bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A cross-sectional study of the prevalence of lameness and digital dermatitis in dairy cattle herds in Egypt
Authors: Salem Shebl E. , Mesalam Ayman , Monir Ahmed
Published: November 2022

Background
lameness is a significant problem of the dairy industry worldwide. No previous studies have evaluated the prevalence of lameness or digital dermatitis (DD) in dairy cattle herds in Egypt. A total of 16,098 dairy cows from 55 dairy herds in 11 Egyptian Governorates underwent visual locomotion scoring using a 4-point scoring system. Cows that had a lameness score ≥ 2 were considered clinically lame. Following manure removal with water and using a flashlight, the cows’ hid feet were examined in the milking parlour to identify and M-score DD lesions. Furthermore, each cow was assigned a hock score (a 3-point scale) and a hygiene score (a 4-point scale). The cow-level, within-and between-herd prevalence of lameness and digital dermatitis and associated 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. The prevalence of hock lesions and poor cow hygiene was also calculated.
Results
Of the examined cows, 6,883 cows were found to be clinical lame (42.8%, 95% CI = 42–43.5%). The average within-herd prevalence of lameness was 43.1% (95% CI = 35.9–50.3%). None of the dairy herds recruited into the study was found to be free from clinical lameness. The average within-herd prevalence of DD was 6.4% (95% CI = 4.9–8%). The herd-level prevalence of DD was 92.7% (95% CI = 85.9–99.6%). Active DD lesions (M1, M2, M4.1) were identified in 464 cows (2.9%) while inactive lesions (M3, M4) were identified in 559 cows (3.5%). The within-herd prevalence of hock lesions (score 2 or 3) was 12.6% (95% CI = 4.03–21.1%) while a severe hock lesion had within-herd prevalence of 0.31% (95% CI = 0.12–0.51%). Cow-level prevalence of hock lesions was 6.2% (n = 847, 95% CI = 5.8–6.2%). Majority of examined cows had a hygiene score 4 (n = 10,814, prevalence = 70.3%, 95% CI = 69.5–71%).
Conclusions
The prevalence of lameness was higher than reported prevalence estimates in other countries which could be due to differing management and/or environmental factors. DD was identified at lower prevalence in most herds. Poor cow hygiene was notable in most herds. There should be measures to reduce the prevalence of lameness and to improve cow hygiene in dairy cattle herds in Egypt.
A long-duration gamma-ray burst of dynamical origin from the nucleus of an ancient galaxy
Authors: Levan Andrew , Malesani Daniele , Gompertz Benjamin , Nugent Anya , Nicholl Matt , Oates Samantha , Perley Daniel , Rastinejad Jillian , Metzger Brian , Schulze Steve , Stanway Elizabeth , Inkenhaag Anne , Fernández José Feliciano Agüí , Chrimes Ashley , Bhirombhakdi Kornpob , Postigo Antonio de Ugarte , Fong Wen-fai , Fruchter Andrew , Fragione Giacomo , Fynbo Johan , Gaspari Nicola , Heintz Kasper , Hjorth Jens , Jakobsson Pall , Jonker Peter , Lamb Gavin , Mandel Ilya , Ravasio Maria , Sollerman Jesper , Tanvir Nial
Published: November 2022

The majority of long-duration (>2s) gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are believed to arise from the collapse of massive stars (Hjorth et al. 2003) with a small proportion created from the merger of compact objects (Rastinejad et al. 2022, Yang et al. 2022, Troja et al. 2022). Most of these systems are likely formed via standard stellar evolution pathways. However, it has long been thought that a fraction of GRBs may instead be an outcome of dynamical interactions in dense environments (Grindlay et al. 2006, Fragione et al. 2019, McKernan et al. 2020), channels which could also contribute significantly to the samples of compact object mergers detected as gravitational wave sources (O’Leary et al. 2016). Here we report the case of GRB 191019A, a long GRB (T_90 = 64.4 +/- 4.5 s) which we pinpoint close (< 100 pc projected) to the nucleus of an ancient (>1 Gyr old) host galaxy at z=0.248. The lack of evidence for star formation and deep limits on any supernova emission makes a massive star origin difficult to reconcile with observations, while the timescales of the emission rule out direct interaction with the supermassive black hole in the nucleus of the galaxy, We suggest that the most likely route for progenitor formation is via dynamical interactions in the dense nucleus of the host, consistent with the centres of such galaxies exhibiting interaction rates up to two orders of magnitude larger than typical field galaxies (French et al. 2014, Stone et al. 2016). The burst properties could naturally be explained via compact object mergers involving white dwarfs (WD), neutron stars (NS), or black holes (BH). These may form dynamically in dense stellar clusters, or originate in a gaseous disc around the supermassive black hole (Perna et al. 2021, Lazzati et al. 2022). Future electromagnetic and gravitational-wave observations in tandem thus offer a route to probe the dynamical fraction and the details of dynamical interactions in galactic nuclei and other high-density stellar systems.
Inferring the effects of protein variants on protein–protein interactions with an interpretable deep-learning model
Authors: Liu Zhe , Qian Wei , Cai Wenxiang , Song Weichen , Wang Weidi , Maharjan Dhruba , Cheng Wenhong , Chen Jue , Xu Fei , Wang Han , Xu Dong , Lin Guan
Published: November 2022

Identifying pathogenetic variants and inferring their impact on protein–protein interactions sheds light on their functional consequences on diseases. Limited by the availability of experimental data on the consequences on protein interaction, most existing methods focus on building models to predict changes in protein binding affinity. Here, we introduced MIPPI, an end-to-end, interpretable transformer-based deep learning model that learns features directly from sequences by leveraging the interaction data from IMEx. We trained MIPPI to determine the types of variant impact (increasing, decreasing, disrupting, and no effect) on protein-protein interactions, and demonstrated its accuracy and interpreted the learned attention weights, which correlate with the amino acids interacting with the variant. We further showed the utility of MIPPI in prioritizingde novomutations associated with complex neurodevelopmental disorders and the potential in determining the pathogenic and driving mutations. Finally, we experimentally validated the functional impact of several variants identified in patients with such disorders. Overall, MIPPI is a versatile, robust, and interpretable model suitable for prediction tasks for mutation impact on protein–protein interaction and the discovery of clinically actionable variants. A webserver for MIPPI is available from https://www.psymukb.net/MIPPI.
Chemical profiling of Oxalis species growing wild in Egypt using HRLC/MS Spectrometry
Authors: DRAZ Amal , KAWASHTY Salwa , SHAMSO Eman , HOSNİ Hasnaa , HUSSEİN Sameh
Published: November 2022

Three medicinally promising Oxalis species, namely O. pes-caprae, O. corymbosa & O. latifolia were collected from Egyptian flora and their methanolic extracts were subjected to LC-QTOF-MS analysis to annotate their chemical profiles. Subsequently, 50 compounds belonging to various chemical classes were identified and characterized, of which 34 compounds were first reported from Oxalis L.. Moreover, five flavone compounds were separated and identified from O. pes-caprae; their structures were elucidated using acid hydrolysis, UV/vis, 1H-NMR, and HR-ESI-MS. The chemotaxonomic relationship of the studied species was evaluated and the extracted data were statistically analyzed and classified Oxalis sp. into two distinct clusters. Each cluster was characterized by special chemical features that helped in distinguishing between them.
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin Obama ve Trump Dönemi Güney Kafkasya Politikasında Güvenlik Faktörü
Authors: SHIRALIYEV Museyib
Published: November 2022

Bu makalede, Güney Kafkasya’ya yönelik Barack Obama ve Donald Trump dönemi Amerikan dış politikasının güvenlik boyutu sistematik olarak gözden geçirilmektedir. Araştırma, bu politikanın temel itici güçlerinin tartışılmasıyla başlamakta ve ABD’nin bölgedeki politikasının tutarsız olduğunu, ideolojik mülahazaları, ekonomik çıkarları ve kendine özgü liderlik tercihlerini yansıttığını savunmaktadır. Bu amalgam, stratejik itici güçlerin zayıflığını, özellikle de Rusya’nın bölgedeki hegemonik özlemlerine göre hareket edememesini yansıtmıştır. 2016’dan beri Gürcistan ile askeri iş birliğini güçlendiren Amerika, Trump’ın başkanlığı sırasında da benzer bir yol izlemiş ve Obama döneminin aksine, Güney Kafkasya’da Rusya ile rekabet daha agresif hale gelmiştir. Aynı zamanda, Washington, yeni bir Rus egemenliğini veya yeni bir savaşı önlemeye yardımcı olmak için kendi başına hareket etmeyi reddetmiş ve İkinci Karabağ Savaşı’nın arka planında Batı ve Rusya bölgedeki çatışmaları çözmeye odaklanmıştır. Rusya’nın gücü ve Güney Kafkasya’daki etkisini yeniden inşa etme çabaları arttıkça, ABD politikasının stratejik çerçevesinin de güçlenmesi beklenebilir. Bölgenin İran ve Türkiye’ye yakınlığı da ABD’nin güvenlik çıkarlarında önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışma, Obama ve Trump yönetimlerinin Güney Kafkasya’ya uzanan güvenlik rotasındaki jeopolitik çıkarları ve jeoekonomik fırsatları yorumlamayı, Güney Kafkasya ülkeleri, özellikle Azerbaycan ile ikili ilişkiler bağlamında bölgesel çatışmalara yönelik Amerikan dış politikasını incelemeyi ve İkinci Karabağ Savaşı’nın ABD’nin bölgedeki konumuna etkilerini değerlendirmeyi hedeflemektedir.
Observing Pre-Trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Layers as Feature Extractor for Detecting Bias in Image Classification Data
Authors: Ardison Amadea Claire Isabel , Hutagalung Mikhaya Josheba Rumondang , Chernando Reynaldi , Cenggoro Tjeng Wawan
Published: November 2022

Detecting bias in data is crucial since it can pose serious problems when developing an AI algorithm. The research aims to propose a novel study design to detect bias in image classification data by using pretrained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) layers as a feature extractor. There are three datasets used in the research with varying degrees of complexity, those are low, medium, and high complexity. There are Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) Digits, batik collections (Parang, Megamendung, and Kawung), and Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10) datasets. Then, the researchers make a baseline workflow and substitute a step-in feature extraction with a convolution using the first pre-trained CNN layer and each of its kernels. Then, the researchers evaluate the effect of the experiments using accuracy. By observing the effect of the individual kernel, the research can better make sense of what happens inside a CNN layer. The research finds that color in the image is an essential factor when working with CNN. Furthermore, the proposed study design can detect bias in image classification data where it is related to the color of the image. Detecting this bias early is important in helping developers to improve AI algorithms.
Significance of modern antihistamines in the treatment of patients with allergic rhinitis
Authors: Starostina S. V. , Toldanov A. V.
Published: November 2022

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most common diseases in the world, which is based on immunoglobulin E (IgE) – mediated inflammation that develops after contact with various allergens. About 40 % of people suffer from various allergic diseases, every 3 rd inhabitant of the Earth has symptoms of allergic rhinitis and every 10 th has bronchial asthma. The early phase of allergen binding to IgE antibodies occurs within a few minutes after contact, the late phase develops after 4–6 hours. In addition to the airborne pathway of penetration, contact with the allergen is possible through the skin and mucous membranes, gastrointestinal tract, with parenteral administration of drugs. Taking into account the etiotropic factor, there are year-round allergic rhinitis (CAR) and seasonal (SAR). By the nature of the course, intermittent and persistent allergic rhinitis are distinguished. The most basic symptoms of allergic rhinitis include: sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, itching, decreased sense of smell. Treatment includes antihistamines, intranasal steroids, leukotriene receptor antagonists and immunotherapy. To date, antihistamines of the second generation are recommended and widely used for the treatment of patients with allergic rhinitis, the main representative of which is levocetirizine (levocetirizine dihydrochloride).

   The purpose of the work is an analytical review of the results of clinical trials of levocetirizine for allergic rhinitis.

   The article discusses in detail the prevalence, etiology and pathogenesis, classification of the disease, treatment regimens for patients with allergic rhinitis, and provides two own clinical observations. Based on the data of a number of studies, the advantages of using antihistamines of the second generation in allergic rhinitis have been demonstrated, expanding not only the possibilities of treating patients, but also preventing the transition of the disease into a chronic process.
Clinical and psychological characteristics of migraine patients
Authors: Golovacheva V. А. , Golovacheva А. А. , Volodarskaya Е. А. , Bakhtadze М. А.
Published: November 2022

Introduction. Understanding the clinical and psychological characteristics of migraine patients is essential for developing effective multidisciplinary treatment that includes psychological methods. The personality characteristics of migraine patients continue to be studied and discussed. The study of individual-psychological characteristics of personality in patients with migraine of different frequency is topical.Aim. To assess clinical and psychological characteristics in patients with varying frequency of migraine.Materials and Methods. Sixty migraine patients, mean age 32.92 ± 6.23 years, were included in the study. Depending on the frequency of migraine, all study participants were allocated to 1 of 3 groups: Group 1 – patients with rare episodic migraine; Group 2 – patients with frequent episodic migraine; Group 3 – patients with chronic migraine. All patients were interviewed and tested.Results and discussion. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of the mean values of neuroticism, psychoticism, extraversion or introversion. Most patients in each group were moderately neurotic and all others were highly neurotic; most patients were ambivalent, i.e., shared both introvert and extrovert personality traits, with the rest being either pure extrovert or pure introvert. None of the patients were psychotic (prone to inappropriate emotional reactions). In each group, patients with a normal temperament type and melancholic spectrum temperaments predominated.Conclusion. Depressive and anxiety disorders are more common in chronic and frequent episodic migraine than in rare episodic migraine. Neuroticism, psychoticism and extraversion/introversion were found regardless of the frequency of migraine attacks.
Fusel Oil: Chemical Composition and an Overview of Its Potential Application
Authors: Massa Thainara , Raspe Djéssica , Feiten Mirian , Cardozo-Filho Lúcio , da Silva Camila
Published: November 2022

Fusel oil (FO) is one of the by-products of the sugar-alcohol industry, which has application as an additional source of higher alcohols for production of esters with flavoring, fuels and lubricants properties, as well as additives in petroleum-based fuels and in pesticide formulations. Thus, this review is focused on the characteristics of FO and its applications as an acyl acceptor in transesterification and esterification reactions for esters production, its addition to fossil fuels, and the herbicidal and fungicidal potential of the compounds presented in its chemical composition. The operating conditions of the process, results obtained, and patented applications in the food, cosmetic, transportation and agricultural sectors are also reported and discussed. Furthermore, main trends, challenges and recommendations are proposed in order to overcome the disadvantages of applying FO in the reported sectors, as well as alternatives for the development of new lines of research are suggested.
Organik Bitkisel ve Hayvansal Üretim, Ürün, Bilgi ve Tüketim Alışkanlıkları
Authors: AYAŞAN Tugay , GÜRSOY Esra , ÇETİN Merve , KARADAŞ Köksal , ÇELİK Şenol , AYAŞAN Şevval
Published: November 2022

Bu araştırma, bireylerin organik bitkisel ve hayvansal üretim, organik ürün tüketim alışkanlıkları ile bilgi kaynaklarını ortaya koymak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada Ana Kitle Oranlarına Dayalı Basit Tesadüfi Olasılık Örneklemesi Yöntemi’ne göre belirlenen 399 kişiyle anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Araştırmada, katılımcıların %95.0’i organik tarım hakkında bilgi sahibiyken, %5.0’i herhangi bir bilgiye sahip olmadıklarını bildirmişlerdir. “Tüketilen gıdanın güvenilir olduğunu düşünüyor musunuz?” sorusuna en yüksek frekansla “bazen” cevabı (%33.8) verilmiştir, “hayır” şeklinde cevap verenlerin oranının da %15.3 olduğu görülmüştür. En önemli gıda riski olarak, çoğunlukla (%60.4) kimyasallar, genetiği değiştirilmiş organizma (GDO), deli dana hastalığı ve radyasyon uygulamaları; en az oranda da (%16.0) mikroorganizmaların olduğu belirtmiştir. Katılımcıların %55.1’i gıda üzerindeki etiketleri bazen okuduklarını; %4.5’i ise hiçbir zaman okumadıklarını ifade etmişlerdir. Organik gıdayı daha mı güvenilir buldukları sorusuna ise, %77.9’u evet cevabını vermiştir. Katılımcıların %80.2’sinin organik ürün tükettiği belirlenmiştir. Organik ürün tüketmeyen tüketicilere, organik ürün satın almama nedenleri sorulduğunda, %55.9 ile organik olduğuna güvenmeme, %12.8 ile ek bir fayda getireceğine inanmama, %9.8 ile de fiyatının yüksek olması olarak belirtilmiştir. Katılımcıların çoğu (%84.2) daha önce organik yem kavramını duyduklarını ayrıca barınak koşullarının hayvansal ürün kalitesine etkisinin (%97.5) olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Katılımcıların organik, güvenilir ve sağlıklı ürünlere daha fazla fiyat ödemeye razı oldukları (%78.7) ve organik hayvansal ürün satın alırken ürünlerin tanınmış marka olmasına dikkat ettikleri (%82.0) görülmüştür.
Asetilkolinesteraz ve Bütirilkolinesteraz Enzimlerinin Alzheimer Hastalığı ile İlişkisi
Authors: DEMİR Zahide , TÜRKAN Fikret
Published: November 2022

Alzheimer hastalığı (AH) daha çok yaşlı popülasyonda görülen, klinik olarak hafıza ve bilişsel bozukluklar ile karakterize olan, geri dönüşümü olmayan nöron hücrelerinin hasarına yol açan bir nörodejeneratif hastalıktır. Hastalığının sebeplerinin tam olarak bilinmemesi, yaşama suresinin artmasıyla birlikte hasta sayısının gittikçe artması, hastalığın yaşam kalitesini çok fazla düşürmesi, tedavi maliyetinin çok yüksek olması gibi birçok neden hastalığın önemini artırmış ve araştırmacıların bu alana yönlendirmiştir. Hastalığın etiyolojisinin aydınlatılmamasına rağmen bazı hipotezlerle hastalığın nedeni açıklamaya çalışılmaktadır. Bunlar kolinerjik hipotez, amiloid hipotezi, tau hipotezi ve oksidatif stres hipotezidir. Kolinerjik hipotezi Alzheimer hastalığını nedenini açıklayan ve halen kabul gören tek hipotezdir. Kolinerjik hipoteze göre sinir sisteminde öğrenme ve kolinerjik aktiviteyi artıran önemli bir nörotransmiter olan asetilkolin miktarının azalması Alzheimer’e sebep olmaktadır. Asetilkolin sinir siteminde kolinasetiltransferaz (ChAT) enzimi tarafından sentezlenir, Asetilkolinesteraz (AChE) ve Bütirilkolinesteraz (BChE) enzimi tarafından hidroliz edilir. Bu çalışmada AChE ve BChE kolinesteraz enzimlerinin Alzheimer hastalığı ile ilişkisi değerlendirilmiştir.
Bakteriyel Meyve Lekesi Etmeni Acidovorax citrulli’ye Karşı Dayanıklılık Kaynaklarının Belirlenmesi
Authors: TEMEL Işıl , DÖNMEZ Mesude Figen
Published: November 2022

Acidovorax citrulli’nin neden olduğu bakteriyel meyve lekesi, kabakgil bitkilerinin üretimini tehdit eden son derece tahripkâr bir hastalıktır. Hastalığın mücadelesinde en etkili yöntemlerden birisi patojene karşı dayanıklı bitki kullanımıdır. Ancak şimdiye kadar, bakteriyel meyve lekesi hastalığına karşı dayanıklı hiçbir kabakgil çeşidi geliştirilememiştir. Bu çalışmada, 10 ticari kavun çeşidi ve 28 kabakgil genotipi A. citrulli’ye karşı dayanıklılık kaynaklarının belirlenmesi amacıyla hem tohum hem de fide döneminde test edilmiştir. Çalışma tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre planlanmış ve her saksıda 1 bitki olacak şekilde üç tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Dayanıklılık reaksiyonu test edilen bitkiler arasında ticari Altınbaş kavun çeşidi ve Gönen kavun genotipi tohum inokulasyon testi sonucunda hastalığa karşı dayanıklı bulunurken, fide inokulasyon testinde yüksek derece hassas olarak belirlenmiştir. Çorum 10 Dilim kavun genotipinin ise fide döneminde yapılan inokulasyonda en düşük hastalık şiddeti (%22.22) değerine sahip kabakgil bitkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada değerlendirilen bitkilerin, farklı büyüme dönemlerinde hastalığa karşı dayanıklılık reaksiyonlarının değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler test edilen kabakgil genotipleri arasında hem tohum hem de fide inokulasyonu sonucunda hastalığa karşı dayanıklılık potansiyeline sahip bitkiler olduğunu göstermektedir.
Ekim Zamanı ve Sıra Arası Uygulamalarının Nohut Çeşitlerinde Verim ve Verim Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: KULAZ Haluk , ÇİRKA Mustafa , ERDİN Fatih , BARAN İshak
Published: November 2022

Bu araştırma 2016 ve 2017 yıllarında Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi araştırma ve uygulama alanında 3 Ekim zamanı (28 Mart, 8 Nisan ve 22 Nisan) ve 3 sıra arası mesafesinin (15 cm, 30 cm ve 45 cm) ve 2 nohut çeşidinde (Azkan ve Çağatay) bitkisel ve verim özellikleri üzerine etkilerini belirlemek üzere yapılmıştır. Deneme tesadüf bloklarında bölünen bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre ve üç tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Bütün faktörlerin baklada tane sayıları üzerindeki etkileri önemsiz olmuştur. İki yıllık araştırmanın birleştirilmiş ortalama sonuçlarına göre bitki boyları 31.68-39.98 cm, bitki dal sayıları 3.25-7.65 adet bitki-1, ilk bakla yüksekliği 16.10-25.58 cm, bitkide bakla sayısı 6.69-16.95 adet bitki-1, bitkide tane sayısı 5.98-16.78 adet bitki-1, 100 tane ağırlığı 30.39-37.51 g, biyolojik verim 147-883 kg da-1, tane verimi 27.83-121.63 kg da-1 ve hasat indeksi % 23.75-%51.57 arasında yer almıştır. En yüksek tane verimi Çağatay çeşidinin 15 cm sıra arası ve 28 Mart ekimlerinden ve en yüksek biyolojik verim (883 kg da-1) Çağatay çeşidinin 45 cm sıra arası ve 28 Mart ekimlerinden elde edilmiştir. Geciken ekim zamanının bütün özelliklerde gerilemeye neden olduğu, bu sebeple yüksek değerler elde etmek için erken tarihte ekim yapılması gerektiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Tane verimi dışında en yüksek değerlerin 45 cm sıra arası ekimlerinden alındığı, bu nedenle yüksek bitkisel verimleri için sıra arası mesafenin daha geniş tutulması gerektiği, dar alanda bitkiler arası rekabetin bu verimleri sınırladığı görülmüştür. Van koşullarında 15 cm sıra arasında 28 Mart tarihinde yapılacak ekimlerin yüksek tane verimi için uygun olsa da diğer özelliklerde yüksek değerler elde etmek için daha geniş aralıklarda ekim yapılması gerektiği ve ekim zamanının sıra arası mesafeye göre bitkisel ve verim özellikleri üzerinde daha çok sınırlayıcı etkiye sahip olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Aspek Perubahan Sosial dan Mindset tentang Sanitasi
Authors:   Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Airlangga, Universitas Airlangga, Jalan Airlangga 4-6, Surabaya Indonesia 60285, Wahyu Caesar Yureta , Ayuningtiyas Kartika ,   Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Airlangga, Universitas Airlangga, Jalan Airlangga 4-6, Surabaya Indonesia 60285, Agustina Tri Siwi ,   Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Airlangga, Universitas Airlangga, Jalan Airlangga 4-6, Surabaya Indonesia 60285
Published: November 2022

Community involvement and the provision of material assistance as well as socialization in the activities of providing clean water and sanitation are the main objectives in this study. In this study the authors conducted a method with a preliminary survey and research data collection used were observation, interviews and documentation techniques. In this study, the Yayasan Senyum Desa plays a role as a non-governmental organization which can provide change in the Tengger village community. This study describes the role and involvement of the community and non-governmental organizations in participating in counseling for water sanitation processing and making nutritious food. This study also explains the facts behind community service which is material and socialization can provide social influence and mindset for the people of Tengger village.
Hydrological simulation and prediction of soil erosion using the SWAT model in a mountainous watershed: a case study of Murat River Basin, Turkey
Authors: Karakoyun Erkan , Kaya Nihat
Published: November 2022

The Euphrates-Tigris basin in Turkey suffers from sedimentation and erosion problems. The purpose of this study was to estimate streamflow, sediment yield, and identification of soil erosion-prone areas for the Murat River Basin which is the headwater of Euphrates River, with Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The model was calibrated and validated with observed streamflow and sediment yield data obtained from two gauging stations. The statistical model performance was evaluated by using NSE, R2, and PBIAS. NSE values were calculated as 0.57, 0.50 and 0.77, 0.75 for the stations E21A074 and E21A077, respectively, in the monthly streamflow calibration and validation periods. Monthly sediment yield generated the NSE values for stations E21A074 and E21A077 were 0.54, 0.69 and 0.62, 0.35 in the calibration and validation periods, respectively. Spatial analysis indicates that 3.9% of the basin is under very severe (>20 t/ha/y), and 21.3% is under severe (>10 t/ha/y) soil erosion conditions. Most of the soil erosion occurs at the barren land use and in the sub-watersheds with a slope greater than 25%. Overall, the SWAT model satisfactorily simulated the streamflow and sediment yield, and identified the erosion-prone areas at the sub-watershed scale at the Murat River Basin for water resource management.
A neural network approach for short-term water demand forecasting based on a sparse autoencoder
Authors: Huang Haidong , Lin Zhenliang , Liu Shitong , Zhang Zhixiong
Published: November 2022

This paper presents a backpropagation neural network (BPNN) approach based on the sparse autoencoder (SAE) for short-term water demand forecasting. In this method, the SAE is used as a feature learning method to extract useful information from hourly water demand data in an unsupervised manner. After that, the extracted information is employed to optimize the initial weights and thresholds of the BPNN. In addition, to enhance the effectiveness of the proposed method, data reconstruction is implemented to create suitable samples for the BPNN, and the early stopping method is employed to overcome the BPNN overfitting problem. Data collected from a real-world water distribution system are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, and a comparison with the BPNN and other BPNN-based methods which integrate the BPNN with particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the mind evolutionary algorithm (MEA), respectively, is conducted. The results show that the proposed method can achieve fairly accurate and stable forecasts with a 2.31% mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and 320 m3/h root mean squared error (RMSE). Compared with the BPNN, PSO–BPNN and MEA–BPNN models, the proposed method gains MAPE improvements of 5.80, 3.33 and 3.89%, respectively. In terms of the RMSE, promising improvements (i.e., 5.27, 2.73 and 3.33%, respectively) can be obtained.
Flood forecasting and uncertainty analysis based on the combination of improved adaptive noise learning model and density estimation
Authors: Liu Yang , Du Shuaibing , Wang Lihu
Published: November 2022

The strong randomness exhibited by runoff series means the accuracy of flood forecasting still needs to be improved. Mode mixing can be dealt with using complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN), and the endpoint effect of CEEMDAN can be successfully dealt with using the mutual information criterion. To increase the computational effectiveness of broad learning (BL), orthogonal triangular matrix decomposition (QR) was used. A novel improved coupled CEEMDAN-QRBL flood forecasting model was created and applied to the prediction of daily runoff in Xiaolangdi Reservoir based on the benefit of quick calculation by the model output layer. The findings indicate that the enhanced QRBL is 28.92% more computationally efficient than the BL model, and that the reconstruction error of CEEMDAN has been decreased by 48.22%. The MAE of the improved CEEMDAN-QRBL model is reduced by 12.36% and 16.31%, and the Ens is improved by 8.81% and 3.96%, respectively, when compared with the EMD-LSTM and CEEMDAN-GRU models. The predicted values of the CEEMDAN-QRBL model have a suitable fluctuation range thanks to the use of nonparametric kernel density estimation (NPKDE), which might serve as a useful benchmark for the distribution of regional water resources.
Effect of the sampling interval on the measurement accuracy of electronic water meters under real consumption conditions
Authors: Borchling Alexander , Kroner Corinna , Tränckner Jens
Published: November 2022

The share of electronic water meters installed in households has increased sharply in recent years. However, the current regulations are in large parts still tailored to traditional mechanical water meters. Electronic meters have already been included in the common standards, but reviews and various adaptions are still missing. An important point to be reviewed is the impact of the sampling interval of the electronic water meters on the measurement accuracy of the captured water volume. In this study, the error caused by the sampling interval is investigated by using measured data sets and stochastic water consumption data. It is shown that the error caused by sampling depends on the starting point of the sampling and the observation period. The studies show that for a billing period of one year, which is common in Germany, the sampling interval should be 14 s or less to always ensure a sampling-related error of less than 0.5%. Based on the results, input for further regulations is derived.
Neurodydaktyka dla tyflopedagogiki – zachwyt czy ostrożna inspiracja? Opisowo-krytyczna analiza źródeł
Authors: Paplińska Małgorzata
Published: November 2022

Rozwój neuronauki, próbującej wyjaśnić funkcjonowanie poznawcze człowieka w oparciu o prawidłowości działania mózgu sprawił, że obszarem zainteresowań badawczych stała się plastyczność mózgu, także osób z niepełnosprawnością wzroku. W artykule przedstawiono zaledwie wycinek badań z zakresu neurobiologii, które dotyczą czytania dotykowego pisma Braille’a oraz orientacji przestrzennej i mobilności osób z niepełnosprawnością wzroku. Artykuł jest próbą odpowiedzi na pytanie czy i w jakim zakresie tyflopedagogika może lub powinna korzystać z neurodydaktyki, w kontekście metod, strategii nauczania i uczenia się oraz sposobów wspierających samodzielność osób niewidomych i słabowidzących?
Education for environmental protection realized by the Environmental Society of Stanisław Staszic in Łódź in “Czasopismo Przyrodnicze Ilustrowane” in the years 1927–1939
Authors: Wolter Edyta
Published: November 2022

The article describes the subject of indirect education (mass media) for the protection of nature realized by the Environmental Society of Stanisław Staszic in Łódź in “Czasopismo Przyrodnicze Ilustrowane”, in the years 1927-1939. The article is developed based on the thematic and chronological structure. The chronological criterion applies in the framework of the substance-based division. In the process of scientific research an external and internal critique was undertaken concerning the historical sources, the hermeneutic understanding was applied.
Understanding the Role of Free Radicals and Antioxidant Enzymes in Human Diseases
Authors: Chaudhary Nidhee , Roy Zinal , Bansal Raveena , Siddiqui Lubna
Published: November 2022

Antioxidant enzymes being an integral part of the defense mechanism have a crucial role in cellular metabolism, essential for healthy growth and living of the cells. The main function is to scavenge and degrade the free radicals, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Endogenous antioxidant enzymes present in mitochondria, cytosol, and other cellular parts participate in capturing and repairing the oxidative damage to the system. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione are antioxidant enzymes considered to be part of the first line of defense and are especially important in scavenging reactive oxygen species such as superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide. Numerous studies in humans, as well as animal models, are correlated and reported about elevation in the enzymatic activity being involved in inhibiting oxidative damage and controlling the disease progression. Similarly, alterations due to enzymatic damage increase oxidative damage and have a key role in disease progression in diseases like cancer, atherosclerotic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, viral diseases, age-related ailments, etc. However, information about antioxidant enzymes, their specificity, free radicals involved in different diseases, and the oxidation process needs to be explored to a greater extent. This review focuses on our current understanding of the role of free radicals and the potential of various antioxidant enzymes, and their great scope in therapeutics against many dreadful diseases.
Current Progress on Neuroinflammation-mediated Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction: An Update
Authors: Peng Wenyong , Lu Wei , Jiang Xiaofeng , Xiong Chang , Chai Hua , Cai Libin , Lan Zhijian
Published: November 2022

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common complication of the central nervous system (CNS) in elderly patients after surgery, showing cognitive changes such as decreased learning and memory ability, impaired concentration, and even personality changes and decreased social behavior ability in severe cases. POCD may appear days or weeks after surgery and persist or even evolve into Alzheimer's disease (AD), exerting a significant impact on patients’ health. There are many risk factors for the occurrence of POCD, including age, surgical trauma, anesthesia, neurological diseases, etc. The level of circulating inflammatory markers increases with age, and elderly patients often have more risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, resulting in an increase in POCD incidence in elderly patients after stress responses such as surgical trauma and anesthesia. The current diagnostic rate of POCD is relatively low, which affects the prognosis and increases postoperative complications and mortality. The pathophysiological mechanism of POCD is still unclear, however, central nervous inflammation is thought to play a critical role in it. The current review summarizes the related studies on neuroinflammation-mediated POCD, such as the involvement of key central nervous cells such as microglia and astrocytes, proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β, inflammatory signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR and NF-κB. In addition, multiple predictive and diagnostic biomarkers for POCD, the risk factors, and the positive effects of anti-inflammatory therapy in the prevention and treatment of POCD have also been reviewed. The exploration of POCD pathogenesis is helpful for its early diagnosis and long-term treatment, and the intervention strategies targeting central nervous inflammation of POCD are of great significance for the prevention and treatment of POCD.
Antimalarials Targeting the Malaria Parasite Cation ATPase P. falciparum
ATP4 (PfATP4)
Authors: Zagórska Agnieszka , Jaromin Anna
Published: November 2022

Malaria, caused by parasites of the Plasmodium species and transmitted through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes, is still a fatal and dangerous disease in mainly tropical and subtropical regions. The widespread resistance of P. falciparum to antimalarial drugs forces the search for new molecules with activity against this parasite. While a large number of compounds can inhibit P. falciparum growth in vitro, unfortunately, only a limited number of targets have been identified so far. One of the most promising approaches has been the identification of effective in-hibitors of P-type cation-transporter ATPase 4 (PfATP4) in P. falciparum. PfATP4 is a Na+ efflux pump that maintains a low cytosolic Na+ in the parasite. Thus, upon treatment with PfATP4 inhibi-tors, the parasites rapidly accumulate Na+, which triggers processes leading to parasite death. PfATP4 is present in the parasite plasma membrane but is absent in mammals; its exclusivity thus makes it a good antimalarial drug target.
The current review presents PfATP4 function in the context of the pharmacological influence of its inhibitors. In addition, compounds with inhibitory activities belonging to spiroindolones, dihydroi-soquinolones, aminopyrazoles, pyrazoleamides, and 4-cyano-3-methylisoquinolines, are also re-viewed. Particular emphasis is placed on the results of preclinical and clinical studies in which their effectiveness was tested. PfATP4-associated antimalarials rapidly cleared parasites in mouse mod-els and preliminary human trials. These findings highlight a fundamental biochemical mechanism sensitive to pharmacological intervention that can form a medicinal chemistry approach for antima-larial drug design to create new molecules with potent PfATP4 inhibitory activity.
Early Efficacy of Antipsychotic Medications at Week 2 Predicts Subsequent
Responses at Week 6 in a Large-scale Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tang Yiguo , Wu Yulu , Li Xiaojing , Hao QinJian , Deng Wei , Yue Weihua , Yan Hao , Zhang Yamin , Tan Liwen , Chen Qi , Yang Guigang , Lu Tianlan , Wang Lifang , Yang Fude , Zhang Fuquan , Yang Jianli , Li Keqing , Lv Luxian , Tan Qingrong , Zhang Hongyan , Ma Xin , Li Lingjiang , Wang Chuanyue , Ma Xiaohong , Zhang Dai , Yu Hao , Zhao Liansheng , Ren Hongyan , Wang Yingcheng , Zhang Guangya , Li Chuanwei , Du Xiangdong , Hu Xun , Li Tao , Wang Qiang
Published: November 2022

Background:

Since the early clinical efficacy of antipsychotics has not yet been well perceived,
this study sought to decide whether the efficacy of antipsychotics at week 2 can predict subsequent
responses at week 6 and identify how such predictive capacities vary among different antipsychotics
and psychotic symptoms.

Methods:

A total of 3010 patients with schizophrenia enrolled in a randomized controlled trial (RCT)
and received a 6-week treatment with one antipsychotic drug randomly chosen from five atypical antipsychotics
(risperidone 2-6 mg/d, olanzapine 5-20 mg/d, quetiapine 400-750 mg/d, aripiprazole 10-30
mg/d, and ziprasidone 80-160 mg/d) and two typical antipsychotics (perphenazine 20-60 mg/d and
haloperidol 6-20 mg/d). Early efficacy was defined as the reduction rate using the Positive and Negative
Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score at week 2. With cut-offs at 50% reduction, logistic regression,
receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and random forests were adopted.

Results:

The reduction rate of PANSS total score and improvement of psychotic symptoms at week 2
enabled subsequent responses to 7 antipsychotics to be predicted, in which improvements in delusions,
lack of judgment and insight, unusual thought content, and suspiciousness/ persecution were endowed
with the greatest weight.

Conclusions:

It is robust enough to clinically predict treatment responses to antipsychotics at week 6
using the reduction rate of PANSS total score and symptom relief at week 2. Psychiatric clinicians had
better determine whether to switch the treatment plan by the first 2 weeks.

Clinical Trial Registration Number:

This RCT was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry
Identifier: ChiCTR-TRC-10000934).
Differential Neurobiological Markers in Phenotype-stratified Rats
Modeling High or Low Vulnerability to Compulsive Behavior: A Narrative
Review
Authors: Martín-González Elena , Olmedo-Córdoba Manuela , Flores Pilar , Moreno-Montoya Margarita
Published: November 2022

Abstracts:

Compulsivity is a key manifestation of inhibitory control deficit and a cardinal symptom in
different neuropsychopathological disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia,
addiction, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Schedule-induced polydipsia (SIP), is an animal
model to study compulsivity. In this procedure, rodents develop excessive and persistent drinking behavior
under different food-reinforcement schedules, that are not related to homeostatic or regulatory
requirements. However, there are important individual differences that support the role of high-drinker
HD rats as a compulsive phenotype, characterized in different paradigms by inhibitory response deficit,
cognitive inflexibility, and resistant to extinction behavior; with significant differences in response
to pharmacological challenges, and relevant neurobiological alterations in comparison with the control
group, the non-compulsive low drinker LD group on SIP. The purpose of this review is to collate and
update the main findings on the neurobiological bases of compulsivity using the SIP model. Specifically,
we reviewed preclinical studies on SIP, that have assessed the effects of serotonergic, dopaminergic,
and glutamatergic drugs; leading to the description of the neurobiological markers, such as the
key role of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor and glutamatergic signaling in a phenotype vulnerable to
compulsivity as high drinker HD rats selected by SIP. The review of the main findings of HD rats on
SIP helps in the characterization of the preclinical compulsive phenotype, disentangles the underlying
neurobiological, and points toward genetic hallmarks concerning the vulnerability to compulsivity.
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children
Authors: Muzurović Emir , Polyzos Stergios A. , Mikhailidis Dimitri P. , Borozan Sanja , Novosel Dušanka , Cmiljanić Oleg , Kadić Nataša , Mantzoros Christos S.
Published: November 2022

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common liver disease in the
paediatric age. The growing prevalence of NAFLD and its advanced phenotype, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
(NASH), in children and adolescents parallels similar trends in obesity and type 2 diabetes
mellitus. This trend may have serious long-term implications, including hepatic and extra-hepatic morbidity
and mortality, the latter being related mostly due to cardiovascular disease and malignancies. This
narrative review, which included 236 articles, summarizes current evidence on paediatric NAFLD, including
pathophysiology, risk factors, complications, prevention and treatment (existing and emerging).
Early recognition of NAFLD followed by timely and adequate management seems to be important on an
individual basis. A global “call to action” regarding paediatric NAFLD seems appropriate to mitigate
the burden of this disease.
Imidazole and Derivatives Drugs Synthesis: A Review
Authors: Rani Nidhi , Singh Randhir , Kumar Praveen
Published: November 2022

Imidazoles have long held a special place in heterocyclic chemistry, and their derivatives
have piqued interest in recent years due to their diverse chemistry and pharmacology features.
Imidazole is a biologically and pharmaceutically important nitrogen-containing heterocyclic
ring. As a result, researchers have been interested in imidazole molecules. For a century and
a half, purine, histamine, and other natural compounds all contained the imidazole ring. A number
of imidazole drugs have been prepared and marketed for the treatment of various diseases. In
view of this, we herein report a detailed account of synthetic procedures for various imidazole
drugs.
DHOSGR: lncRNA-disease Association Prediction Based on Decay
High-order Similarity and Graph-regularized Matrix Completion
Authors: Lin Zhiyi , Xie Guobo , Jiang Zelin , Gu Guosheng , Sun Yuping , Su Qing , Cui Ji , Zhang Huizhe
Published: November 2022

Background:

It has been shown in numerous recent studies that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a vital role in the regulation of various biological processes, as well as serve as a basis for understanding the causes of human illnesses. Thus, many researchers have developed matrix completion approaches to infer lncRNA–disease connections and enhance prediction performance by using similarity information.

Objective:

Most matrix completion approaches are solely based on the first-order or second-order similarity between nodes, and higher-order similarity is rarely considered. In view of this, we developed a computational method to incorporate higher-order similarity information into the similarity network with different weights using a decay function designed by a random walk with restart (DHOSGR).

Methods:

First, considering that the information will decay as the distance increases during network propagation, we defined a novel decay high-order similarity by combining the similarity matrix and its high-order similarity information through a decay function to construct a similarity network. Then, we applied the similarity network to the objective function as a graph regularization term. Finally, a proximal splitting algorithm was used to perform matrix completion to infer relationships between diseases and lncRNAs.

Results:

In the experiment, DHOSGR achieves a superior performance in leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV) and 100 times 5-fold cross validation (5-fold-CV), with AUC values of 0.9459 and 0.9334±0.0016, respectively, which are better than other five previous models. Moreover, case studies of three diseases (leukemia, lymphoma, and squamous cell carcinoma) demonstrated that DHOSGR can reliably predict associated lncRNAs.

Conclusion:

DHOSGR can serve as a high efficiency calculation model for predicting lncRNA-disease associations.
Biotechnological Approaches to Increase the Bacterial and Fungal Disease Resistance in Potato
Authors: Kvasko Olena , Kolomiiets Yuliia , Buziashvili Anastasiia , Yemets Alla
Published: November 2022

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a valuable cultivated vegetable with high nutritional qualities containing a variety of essential ingredients such as starch, vitamins and essential minerals. However cultivating potatoes is significantly complicated by diseases caused by a number of phytopathogens of both bacterial and fungal nature. Phytophthora infestans, Alternaria sp., Phoma exigua, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium sp., Verticillium sp., Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, Pectobacterium sp., Dickeya sp. are considered amongst the most dangerous phytopathogens.

This paper reviews the latest biotechnological approaches to the creation of potato plants resistant to a wide range of pathogens. In particular, the possibilities of applying genetic engineering methods to obtain potato plants resistant to pathogens, such as Solanum venture, S. mochiquence, S. demissum, S. bulbocastanum; avirulence genes; genes of antimicrobial peptides of plant, bacterial and animal origin by transferring the genes of resistance (R-genes) isolated from systematically related species into their genome. The review states that marker-assisted selection is suitable for obtaining varieties of S. tuberosum resistant to bacterial and fungal phytopathogens, where the R-genes or QTL regions can act as markers. Prospects for the use of genome editing technology using CRISPR/Cas9 or TALEN systems as one of the newest approaches to creating phytopathogen-resistant S. tuberosum plants have been considered. Achievements and successes in this way using these methods are analyzed in a detailed way in this review.