bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TrustRAG: Enhancing Robustness and Trustworthiness in RAG
Authors: Zhou Huichi , Zhan Zhonghao , Li Zhenhao , Haddadi Hamed , Yilmaz Emine
Published: February 2025

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enhance large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge sources, enabling more accurate and contextually relevant responses tailored to user queries. However, these systems remain vulnerable to corpus poisoning attacks that can significantly degrade LLM performance through the injection of malicious content. To address these challenges, we propose TrustRAG, a robust framework that systematically filters compromised and irrelevant contents before they are retrieved for generation. Our approach implements a two-stage defense mechanism: At the first stage, it employs K-means clustering to identify potential attack patterns in retrieved documents using cosine similarity and ROUGE metrics as guidance, effectively isolating suspicious content. Secondly, it performs a self-assessment which detects malicious documents and resolves discrepancies between the model’s internal knowledge and external information. TrustRAG functions as a plug-and-play, training-free module that integrates seamlessly with any language model, whether open or closed-source. In addition, TrustRAG maintains high contextual relevance while strengthening defenses against corpus poisoning attacks. Through extensive experimental validation, we demonstrate that TrustRAG delivers substantial improvements in retrieval accuracy, efficiency, and attack resistance compared to existing approaches across multiple model architectures and datasets. We have made TrustRAG available as open-source software at https://github.com/HuichiZhou/TrustRAG.
Media image of political leaders of Central Asian countries in global media
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Abylkhanova A. , Ashirbekova G.Sh. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: February 2025

In the context of escalating geopolitical tensions, the formation of a state's media image in the global information space has become a strategic imperative. This article examines the fundamental aspects of the representation of political leaders in the media, positioning them as a cornerstone of a country's overall image. Given the role of the president as the primary figure shaping perceptions of the state on the international stage, the study analyzes how their statements and actions influence public opinion both domestically and internationally. The study focuses on Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan, considering their historical commonalities, similarities in po-litical trajectories, and the interaction of their leaders with global political figures. The research draws on publications from reputable media outlets covering the activities of these leaders. Special emphasis is placed on examining the personal characteristics of political leaders as an integral component of their media image. International studies highlight a growing trend in public attention toward the personal traits of leaders, which often exert a greater influence on their image than the political events themselves. Through a comparative analysis of domestic and international research, the study identifies a direct correlation between press freedom, the reliability of information, and the construction of a positive media image for political leaders. The article analyzes freedom of the press indices in Central Asian countries and their impact on the nature and content of information, particularly during significant political events.
News in the modern media space
Authors:   Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Serdali B.K.
Published: February 2025

News is one of the most relevant and sensational categories of journalism. It is difficult to determine the form of the news. This comes from the direct involvement of the reader in the discussion of the topic. The article will focus on the theoretical and practical issues of writing modern news. Young journalists are often worried about the difficulties of writing news. Because in most cases, the news he wrote does not suit either the newspaper or the television broadcast. The idea that "in just 15 minutes, I can write 3-4 sentences quickly" is not confirmed, and I am stuck in a dead end and sits for hours without finding a form. This is due to a deep ignorance of the basic principles of this genre. Therefore, scientific research examines the methods, theoretical and practical skills of writing news. The news is never bad (negative) or good (positive). Any necessary information presented to the reader, listener, or viewer will be one word of news. The main thing is that it should be an actual message that is woven into a real event of informational significance. Regional TV channels have the following news directions: event-based (events, events, press conferences, briefings), broadcast (reporting meetings, scheduled meetings), summary (annual reports, reporting meetings, presentations), short (news-facts, news-quotes). Anyway, news is the most widespread genre in modern journalism. There is every reason to believe that news accounts for 80-90% of the daily newspaper content. Although the share of news in data- and fact-based publications is significantly lower in analytical publications, these news accounts for about half of publicly available publications and about 100% of news agency texts. News can also include indirect genres such as correspondence, essays, remarks, editorials, notes, reviews, blitz polls, longrides, press releases, infographics, illustrations, mini–interviews, announcements, etc.
Desarrollo de competencias investigativas en docentes: un enfoque multifactorial
Authors: Puche-Villalobos Deinny José , Acosta-Faneite Savier Fernando
Published: February 2025

El estudio analiza factores que influyen en el desarrollo de competencias investigativas en docentes de seminarios y metodología de investigación de América del Sur, empleando un enfoque cuantitativo y un diseño no experimental. Se utilizó una muestra de 150 docentes y se recopilaron datos a través de encuestas validadas (coeficiente de confiabilidad = .98). Los resultados revelan que los indicadores institucionales tienen baja prioridad en Bolivia (60 %), Ecuador (46 %), Paraguay (46 %) y Venezuela (40 %). Además, la percepción de la preparación académica de los tutores varía; es moderada en Bolivia (53 %) y favorable en Argentina, Brasil, Ecuador y Venezuela (46 %). El interés estudiantil se presenta de manera ocasional y las habilidades cognitivas tienen variabilidad; esto subraya la necesidad de fortalecer los indicadores institucionales y mejorar la formación docente.
Investigating the Mediating Role of Shame and Self-criticism in the Relationship Between Early Life Experiences and Paranoid Ideation in Iranian College Students
Authors:   Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran., Malekpour Naghmeh , Behrozian Frouzan ,   Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran., Najafi Nariman ,   Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran., Mousavi Asl Esmaeil ,   Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Published: February 2025

Objectives The prevalence of paranoid ideation in the general population raises questions about the factors that contribute to severe or clinical paranoia. The present study aims to investigate the mediating role of shame and self-criticism in the relationship between early life experiences and paranoid ideation in Iranian college students.
Methods This is a correlational study using structural equation modeling (SEM). Participants were 272 students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in Ahvaz, Iran, who were selected by a convenience sampling method. They completed the Early Life Experiences Scale, Green et al.’s Paranoid Thoughts Scale-8 item, the External and Internal Shame Scale, and the Forms of Self-Criticizing/Attacking & Self-Reassuring Scale-Short-Form. To analyze the data, the Pearson correlation test and SEM were performed in SPSS software, version 24 and LISERL software, version 8.80. The Bootstrap test was used to assess the indirect effects.
Results Paranoid ideation had a positive and significant relationship with shame (r=0.56, P=0.01), self-criticism (r=0.31, P=0.01), and early life experiences (r=0.51, P=0.01). The indirect relationship between early life experiences and paranoid ideation was also significant through shame, with a standard path coefficient of 0.25 (P<0.05). However, indirect relationship between early life experiences and paranoid ideation through self-criticism was not significant (P>0.05).
Conclusion Shame and self-criticism can mediate the relationship between early life experiences and paranoid ideation in Iranian college students. Therefore, the variables of shame and self-criticism should be considered in developing therapeutic interventions for people with paranoid thoughts.
Prevalence of Depression and the Related Demographic and Socioeconomic Factors in the Post-COVID Era: A Population-Based Study in Iran
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran., Zolghadri Soroush , Hadavi Majid ,   Department of Transportation Planning, Faculty of civil engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran., Bahrami Ehsan Hadi ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: February 2025

Objectives Several studies have examined the prevalence of depression in Iran, mainly before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a lack of information regarding the rate of depression in the post-covid era. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the prevalence of depression among people aged ≥15 years in Iran and find the associated demographic and socio-economic factors in the post-COVID era.
Methods This is a descriptive-analytical population-based study that was conducted from February to April 2023 on 2,892 Iranian people ≥15 years, who were selected using proportional stratified sampling method. The patient health questionnaire (PHQ-2) was administered through telephone interviews. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, and multiple logistic regression analysis in SPSS software , version 21 and R software.
Results The mean age of respondents was 43.6 years (42.6 for women and 44.7 for men). In total, 42.1% of the respondents had major depressive disorder (39.6% males and 44.6% females with mean scores of 2.25±1.83 and 2.52±1.71, respectively). Based on the results of multiple regression analysis, age 25-40 (OR=1.39, 95% CI: 0.99-1.96), being single (OR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.15-1.98), being widowed/widower (OR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.06-2.12), being divorced (OR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.07-2.62), and unemployment (OR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.09-2.05) were associated with a greater likelihood of depression, while having an academic education (OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.50-0.84) and being a homeowner (OR=0.74, 95% CI: 0.62-0.88) were associated with a lower likelihood. The results showed no significant association between depression prevalence and the factors of place of residence (urban/rural), gender, or income level.
Conclusion There is a relatively high prevalence of depression in the post-COVID era in Iran. Some demographic and socio-economic factors play a significant role in the prevalence of depression, which underscores the importance of considering a wide range of factors influencing depression in mental health policy-making and interventions for Iranian people.
The effectiveness of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy on emotion regulation difficulty in depressed people
Authors:   Ph.D. student of general psychology, Department of Psychology, Rudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rudehen, Iran., Soufi Amlashi Rasa , Shomali Oskoei Arezoo ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Rudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran, Mirzaei Khalil ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Social Sciences, Rudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rudehen, Iran
Published: February 2025

Introduction: One of the most common psychological disorders in the world today is depression, and it seems that one of the important components in developing or maintaining depression is the difficulty in regulating emotions.
Aim: The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy on emotion regulation difficulties in depressed people.
Methods: The method of the current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test-follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population of this research consisted of all the patients diagnosed with depression who were referred to the Yara treatment clinic in 2022, and 30 of them were selected by the available sampling method and randomly assigned to two intervention and control groups. To measure the variables of the study, the Beck Depression Inventory (1961) and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale by Gratz & Roemer (2004) were used. The participants of the intervention group received 12 sessions of 60 to 180 minutes, of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy. The data was analyzed by the method of analysis of variance with repeated measurements in SPSS software version 24.
Results: The results of the present study showed that the mean in the average scores of the components of emotion regulation difficulty in the pre-test-post-test and pre-test-follow-up stages is statistically significant (P<0.05), but the difference in the mean scores in the post-test-follow-up stages is not significant. P < 0.05).
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that short-term intensive dynamic psychotherapy leads to a reduction in the emotion regulation difficulty in patients with depression. The awareness of counselors, psychologists and other professionals about this treatment on emotion regulation processes and defense mechanisms in depressed patients can be helpful.
Effectiveness of interventions of cognitive training, cranial electrical stimulation (CES) and their combination on attention and delayed memory of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI)
Authors:   PhD student ،Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran, Pourabadei Parisa , Amraei Kourosh ,   Associate Professor، Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran, Mahmoodkhani Mehdi ,   Assistant Professor،Department of neurosurgery,school of medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science,Isfahan.Iran., Ghazanfari Firoozeh ,   Professor ،Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a cognitive profile of aging that requires attention and treatment. Among the types of cognitive rehabilitation therapies, non-invasive brain stimulation and cognitive training can be highlighted as interventions for mild cognitive impairment.
Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive training interventions, cranial electrical stimulation, and their combination in attention and delayed memory of individuals with mild cognitive impairment.
Method: This research employs a single-case experimental design involving comparing multiple treatments with follow-up. The study population consists of elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment attending the memory clinic at Modarres Hospital in Isfahan in 2023. According to the research design, two patients were selected through purposive sampling, and the three treatment modalities were implemented in the following sequence: cranial electrical stimulation, a combined treatment that includes cognitive training along with transcranial electrical stimulation, and cognitive training alone.
Results: The results of the follow-up phase for the first and second participants regarding the attention variable were as follows: PND1 =100; RCI1 =19.05; PND2 =100; RCI2 =19.05. For the delayed memory variable, the first and second participants' results were: PND1 =100; RCI1 =13; PND2 =100; RCI2 =15. Therefore, the treatment arrangement of cranial electrical stimulation, combined therapy, and cognitive training has a significant positive effect on attention and delayed memory.
Conclusion: Cranial electrical stimulation influences neurotransmitters and neural networks, creating a foundation for cognitive training effects by establishing new synapses and alterations in dendritic configuration. Consequently, their synergistic effects contribute to the improvement of cognitive behaviors.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Rhythmic Movement Training on the Improvement of Sensory-Motor Performance and Quality of Life in Patients with Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury
Authors:   Master،Islamic Azad University, Tehran Science and Research Unit, Tehran, Iran., Beygrezaei Milad , Ofoghi Mahsa ,   PhD student ،Faculty of Sports Sciences, Mazandaran University, Babolsar, Iran, Fallahmohammadi Ziya ,   Professor, Sports Physiology Department, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Mazandaran University, Babolsar, Iran.
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Spinal cord injury can influence the quantitative and qualitative parameters of movement and quality of life.
Objective: The present research was conducted aiming to investigate the effectiveness of rhythmic movement training on the improvement of sensory-motor performance and quality of life in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury.
Method: The current research was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of patients with incomplete spinal cord injury who were members of the Association of Spinal Cord Injury in Tehran in 2023. Thirty patients were selected voluntarily and were evaluated after rhythmic movement training for twelve 60-minute sessions, 3 sessions per week, using black-box tests, gross motor skills, two-point discrimination, and health and quality of life assessment questionnaires. The results were analyzed using the multivariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and SPSS statistical software version 22.
Results: The obtained F value indicated that rhythmic movement training significantly affected the improvement of sensory-motor skills, including (sensory skills, gross motor skills, fine motor skills) and quality of life dimensions (physical independence, movement control, mental independence and communication, social behavior, emotional stability, and dynamic range) in the experimental group compared to the control group (p<0.01).
Conclusion: Movement training establishes good opportunities to actively absorb different sensory inputs from the environment. Such targeted training can in fact affect the improvement of sensory-motor performance and quality of life in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury.
Advanced Testing and Analysis of Mechanical Properties for 3D Printing Materials
Authors: Reddy Bommavaram Ganesh Kumar , Vardhan Peddi Teja Naga
Published: February 2025

The recent developments in 3D printing technology enable digital manufacturing in mass-scale distribution. Also, the ready availability of 3D printers for the public at low costs and high mechanical properties makes the scientists look at the properties of the 3D printing materials. However, polymers are mainly used to make 3D objects, and they generally have low mechanical properties. So, there is an urgent need to characterize and analyze the mechanical properties to assess which 3D printing materials have better properties.
This work is aimed at finding the best 3D printing material from existing materials. In this work, initially, the mechanical properties of the 3D printing polymers like polylactic acid (PLA) and lay Wood have been analyzed. This work would propose the best 3D printing material from current basic 3D printing materials with improved mechanical properties.
Ensuring Robust API Performance : Comprehensive Testing and Best Practices
Authors: Senathi Ramdoss Vasudevan
Published: February 2025

Application Programming Interface (API) performance testing is a critical process to ensure that applications can handle real-world demands efficiently. This paper outlines best practices and common anti-patterns associated with API performance testing, providing actionable insights to enhance the reliability and scalability of software systems. The paper also highlights widely used tools that support robust performance testing. Additionally, this document emphasizes the significance of continuous monitoring and adopting adaptive testing strategies for evolving application requirements.
Integrating Performance Engineering into Agile Workflows : Best Practices and Challenges
Authors: Senathi Ramdoss Vasudevan
Published: February 2025

Performance engineering in agile environments introduces unique challenges and opportunities, driven by the iterative, incremental nature of agile methodologies and the growing complexity of modern software systems. This paper explores strategies for embedding performance engineering seamlessly into agile workflows, emphasizing practices such as shift-left performance testing, chaos engineering, and continuous profiling to identify and address potential bottlenecks early [12]. It highlights challenges like maintaining performance in micro services-based architectures, optimizing resource utilization in serverless environments, and ensuring system resilience in dynamic cloud-native ecosystems [2]. Advanced techniques such as synthetic monitoring, predictive analytics with machine learning, and distributed tracing are evaluated for their role in enhancing real-time insights into application performance [4]. Additionally, the integration of performance metrics into DevOps pipelines, the use of container orchestration platforms like Kubernetes for scalability testing, and the adoption of infrastructure-as-code (IaC) for performance reproducibility are discussed[8]. By adopting these advanced practices and leveraging cutting-edge tools, organizations can ensure scalable, reliable, and efficient software delivery while maintaining the agility required for competitive development cycles.
Advanced Machine Learning Techniques for Classification and Detection of Network Intrusions in Cyber-Physical Systems
Authors: Manas Gupta  , Riya Sehrawat  , Samyak Jain
Published: February 2025

IDS keep an eye out for any indications of malicious behaviour or policy breaches in a network or system. An administrator should be notified or a central record should be kept of any intrusion activity or violation using a security information and event management system. Through the integration of sensing, computation, control, and networking, cyber physical systems connect physical infrastructure and objects to the internet and to each other. Therefore, it is necessary to have sufficient intrusion detection after safeguard the CPS from cyber-attacks, which might corrupt the equipment. CPS network intrusion categorisation and detection using sophisticated ML algorithms is the subject of this study's thorough methodology. Some of the methodical stages of the study were data collection preprocessing, and feature selection of the internet traffic that were used in the work which used NSL-KDD dataset for intrusion detection. As a result, a range of ML models is employed in classification applications that exploit their main benefits, including RF, LR, and XGBoost. This model's performance is evaluated using metrics that are based on recall, accuracy, precision, and F1 score. Confusion matrix visualisations are also included for efficient comprehension of classification results. The findings reveal that RF achieved a highest accuracy at 99.50%, followed closely by XGBoost at 99.41%, while LR recorded an accuracy of 95.39%. In addition, Kappa coefficient test, precision99.65 %, recall99.38%, and F1 score99.51 % in RF were observed. In total, the results reveal Random Forest as the superior model in comparison to employed LR and XGBoost while creating accurate IDS to protect CPS sufficiently.
Transforming Sourcing and Supply Chain Management: The Evolution of AI Agents in Modern Procurement
Authors: Parameswara Rao Tatini
Published: February 2025

This article examines the transformative impact of artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies on procurement and supply chain management practices. The article shows how AI agents are revolutionizing traditional procurement processes through advanced data analytics, automated decision-making, and predictive capabilities. By analyzing implementations across manufacturing, retail, and technology sectors, the research demonstrates how AI-powered solutions are addressing longstanding challenges in supplier selection, demand forecasting, contract management, and risk mitigation. The article explores the evolution from manual to AI-driven processes, highlighting improvements in operational efficiency, cost optimization, and strategic decision-making. Furthermore, it examines the integration of emerging technologies like blockchain and smart contracts in procurement systems, while considering critical implementation challenges such as data privacy, legacy system integration, and skill gaps. The article provides comprehensive insights into how organizations are leveraging AI to transform procurement from a purely operational function to a strategic driver of business value, while also addressing the growing importance of sustainable and ethical procurement practices in the modern business landscape.
The Impact of SAP Business Technology Platform (BTP) on Financial Data Analytics and Reporting
Authors: Rahul Bhatia
Published: February 2025

This paper examines how the SAP Business Technology Platform (BTP) has impacted financial data analytics and reporting. The article then addresses how BTP successfully applies real-time analytics, predictive modelling, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Machine Learning to enhance decision-making and reporting efficiency without trade-offs. SAP BTP brings data silos out of ERP systems, and by consolidating data into a single system, the accuracy, speed, and consistency of reporting improve. The article points out how SAP Analytics Cloud (SAC) is an interactive dashboard and analytics platform that allows real-time insights. The key result summarizes substantial gains in report generation time, cash flow management, and supply chain optimization. However, the study also acknowledges that the implementation complexity, data quality, and security concerns constrain its potential. Future analysis seeks to address these limitations and advance the use of new technologies, such as Blockchain and Quantum Computing, to explore more innovative ways of exploring financial data analysis.
Ethnobotanical Survey of the Plants Used In the Treatment of Diabets in Adilabad and Nirmal Districts of Telangana State
Authors: Ranjalkar K.M  , N. Ramakrishna
Published: February 2025

The paper deals with the plants based folk role practices used in the treatment of diabetes. The study was conducted in two districts (Adilabad and Nirmal) of Telangana State India, and the state of Telangana a rich in floral diversity. Even though modern medical facilities are available in these Places, people in villages still are plant therapy to a considerable extent. This may be attributed to the rich floral wealth of the state, which makes the access to the medicinal plants comparatively easy, the lower cost factor, and to a popular belief that plant derived medicines are better suited for the body. The impact of modernization and preservation of these practices are essential.
A Comparative Analysis of Sialic Acid Binding Proteins for Better Understanding of their Role in Host Pathogen Interaction and Human Health: A Bioinformatics Perspective
Authors: Praveen Gautam  , Neeraj Verma
Published: February 2025

Sialic acids, especially N-acetylneuraminic acid, serve as pivotal molecular interfaces between host tissues and invading pathogens by modulating attachment, immune evasion, and metabolic processes. In this study, we performed a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of sialic acid binding proteins (SABPs) to unravel their structural diversity, evolutionary distribution, and functional roles across bacteria and viruses. A curated dataset of 209 SABPs was retrieved from the UniProt database, with inclusion criteria emphasizing annotated sialic acid binding activity and sequence completeness. Notably, 208 proteins in this collection are backed by experimentally determined 3D structures, enabling in-depth examination of their binding sites and catalytic domains. Gene Ontology (GO) analyses revealed that these proteins are predominantly involved in critical biological processes related to host-pathogen interaction, such as virion attachment to host cells, membrane fusion, and carbohydrate metabolism. Molecular function terms were dominated by host cell surface receptor binding, carbohydrate binding, and hydrolase activities targeting glycosyl bonds. Cellular component annotations highlighted membrane localization and extracellular secretions, consistent with roles in mediating initial host contact and pathogen dissemination. Taxonomic assessments showed a strong representation of Orthomyxoviridae, underlining the importance of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase in influenza viruses, while bacterial families such as Clostridiaceae and Staphylococcaceae contributed SABPs involved in sialic acid catabolism and toxin-mediated virulence. Family-level clustering pinpointed hemagglutinins, neuraminidases (glycosyl hydrolases GH33 and GH34), and immunoglobulin superfamily members—further emphasizing the widespread evolutionary adoption of sialic acid recognition. These findings collectively underscore the centrality of SABPs in host-pathogen interactions and offer a valuable resource for future research aimed at leveraging sialic acid biology for therapeutic and diagnostic advancements.
Development of Reduce Graphene Oxide (rGO)/ Polypyrrole Composite towards Potential Application of CO2 Gas Sensor
Authors: A. V. Tiwari  , P. S. Dudhe  , A. P. Deshmukh  , S. P. Tiwari  , S. P. Yawale
Published: February 2025

Ppy and Ppy/rGO composites were synthesized using a one-step in-situ oxidation polymerization process. The synthesis involves incorporating reduced graphene oxide (rGO) into the Ppy matrix to improve its sensing properties. Composites were characterized using XRD and FTIR. Response time and the recovery time of sensors were estimated by the static response. The response time of pure Ppy substrate is found to be more than that of Ppy/rGO 10%. Recovery time of Ppy is more as compared to shorter recovery time of Ppy/rGO 10 % i.e 54s. As the recovery time of Ppy/rGO is very less, the active layer can be used as a potential CO2 sensor for carbon dioxide gas sensing and monitoring. Thus, study demonstrates the potential of using Ppy/rGO composites in practical gas-sensing devices, especially for detecting CO2. The enhanced performance attributed to the rGO doping makes it a valuable approach for improving sensor technologies.
Growth and Production Response of Maize (Zea mays L.) to Biofertilizer and NPK Fertilizer
Authors: Meliala Keke Ariantha , Ginting Jonatan , Charloq Charloq
Published: February 2025

Farmers habits in cultivating maize include excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides which cause environmental pollution and decreased soil quality, both chemical, physical, and biological, affecting low production, therefore efforts are needed to remain productive, namely by using biological fertilizers for soil improvement and reduction. giving a dose of NPK fertilizer so that the soil is not contaminated. The research objective was to determine the response of growth and production of maize to the application of biological fertilizers and NPK fertilizers. The research was conducted in Telaga Sari Village, Sunggal Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency from April 2020 to July 2020. The research used a factorial randomized block design, namely the first factor was giving biological fertilizer consisting of 0, 400, 800 and the second factor was giving NPK fertilizer consisting of 0, 100, 200, 300. The parameters observed were plant height, leaf area, stem diameter, dry seed weight per plant sample, dry seed weight per plot, number of ears, ear length. The results showed that the application of biological fertilizers and NPK did not significantly affect all parameters, but the application of biological fertilizers and NPK fertilizers on the growth and production of maize resulted in a significant effect on dry seed weight per plot
Economy and banking sector performance: Spillover effect of Uncertainty of Covid-19 on Non-performing loans of Turkish Agricultural sector
Authors: Olorogun Lukman Ayinde , Kamil Anton Abdulbasah
Published: February 2025

This spillover index research paper tries to find connectedness between Non-performing loans (NPL) and Covid-19 global pandemic specifically in the Turkish agricultural sector. The research covers variables of NPL, Geopolitical risk index (GPR), Fishing, Agriculture, Non-performing loans to total assets (NPL_TCL), Return on assets (ROA), Return on equity (ROE). The data for this research includes a monthly time series dataset covering between Dec. 2004–April 2020. To perform the statistical analysis descriptive statistics, correlation matrix with its T-statistics and probabilities, and Dielbold and Yilmaz index were adopted to uncover the level of connectedness among the group. The descriptive statistics results of the group reveal that all variables understudy were contributing factors to the increase of NPL of the banking sector in general. Specifically, the agricultural sector’s NPL has a significant effect on the banking sector’s aggregate NPLs. The correlation analysis indicated that there is a higher correlation between NPL and agriculture, Fishing, Timber, and a moderate average correlation between NPL and Hunting. Similarly, a moderate high correlation amongst individual agricultural sectors i.e. Hunting, Fishing, Agriculture, Timber and as well as higher correlation between ROA and ROE that are under consideration. This shows that there is somehow acceptable interconnectedness among the group. The results of the spillover index effects through Dielbold and Yilmaz procedure revealed a total spillover effect 57.3%. Whereas, another unexplained effect in this study is 43.7% which might be as a result random noise in the dataset due to impact of Covid-19 pandemic. This research is significant as it is first of its kind on a proof of spillover from the empirical viewpoints as it related to Turkey on level of spillover and its impacts on the NPLs of the banking sector measuring the agricultural sector’s contribution.
The Role of Long Non-coding RNA (NKILA and LINC00993) as Tumour Biomarkers in Breast Cancer
Authors: Mohamed Randa H. , Alkilany Mohamed M. , El-feky Hoda K. , Abd-elmoneim Bassel T. , Abd-Elmageed Amal F
Published: February 2025

Background: Long non-coding RNAs (NKILA and LINC00993) are downregulated in breast cancer (BC) and can have potential use as a novel tumor biomarker. The Aim of the work is to investigate the LncRNAs (NKILA and LINC00993) and cytokines (NF-κB and CXCL-1) as potential biomarkers in BC.
 Methods: This Cross-sectional study included sixty-four pairs of surgically resected human breast cancer tissues and adjacent breast tissues. Expressions of LncRNAs (NKILA, LINC00993) and (NF-κB, CXCL1) cytokines were detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis,
Results: There was a significant decrease in LncRNAs (NKILA, LINC00993) levels in tumor tissue compared to normal tissue (P<0.001). Also, there was a significant increase in NF-κB and CXCL1 levels in tumor tissue compared to normal tissue (P<0.001). ROC curve analysis indicated that the LncRNAs (NKILA, LINC00993) expression levels could be considered a promising marker for the diagnosis of breast cancer patients with a sensitivity (90.6%, 92.2% respectively). Also, cytokines (NF-κB and CXCL-1) expression levels could be considered a promising marker for the diagnosis of breast cancer patients with a sensitivity and specificity of 87.5%, and 89.1% respectively).
Conclusion: These findings suggest that LncRNAs (NKILA, LINC00993) and cytokines (NF-κB and CXCL-1) can be used as novel biomarkers for breast cancer.
Kualitas Spermatozoa Kambing Saanen Hasil Separasi Seks Menggunakan Bovine Serum Albumin Dengan Perbandingan Konsentrasi Berbeda
Authors: Setiawan Pandu
Published: February 2025

Teknologi separasi seks spermatozoa adalah teknologi yang dapat membuat pemisahan spermatozoa yang mengandung kromosom X dan Y, sehingga memungkinkan pembiakan ternak secara selektif berdasarkan jenis kelamin yang diinginkan agar dapat memberikan keuntungan lebih bagi peternak. Penggunaan medium bovine serum albumin (BSA) dalam riset ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas spermatozoa yang dihasilkan dari separasi seks dengan melihat kualitas spermatozoa berdasarkan motilitas individu dan viabilitas spermatozoa. Perlakuan yang digunakan yaitu perbedaan gradien atau konsentrasi BSA dengan P1 5:10% dan P2 15:20%. Materi penelitian yang dipakai adalah semen segar yang didapat dari seekor Kambing Saanen jantan berumur dua tahun yang diberi pakan hijauan dan konsentrat. Penelitian separasi seks spermatozoa dilaksanakan secara eksperimental di laboratorium menggunakan metode kolom albumin dengan perlakuan konsentrasi BSA yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji t test berpasangan dengan ulangan sebanyak delapan kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa motilitas individu spermatozoa pada P1 konsentrasi 5% = 64,30 ± 5,43% dan 10% =  64,61 ± 9,69% sedangkan pada P2 konsentrasi 15% = 57,22 ± 5,29%  dan 20% = 54,58 ± 2,55% dan viabilitas spermatozoa rata-rata pada konsentrasi P1 konsentrasi 5% = 71,66 ± 11,80% dan 10% = 84,03 ± 6,61% sedangkan pada P2 konsentrasi 15% = 79,47 ± 4,51% dan 20% = 78,20 ± 5,17%. Disimpulkan bahwa spermatozoa dengan konsentrasi BSA 5:10% memiliki kualitas berdasarkan viabilitas dan motilitas individu yang lebih baik daripada spermatozoa dengan konsentrasi BSA 15:20%.
Prevalensi Fasciola sp. pada Sapi di Rumah Potong Hewan Payakumbuh
Authors: Zelpina Engki
Published: February 2025

Fasciolosis adalah penyakit parasitik yang disebabkan oleh cacing pipih dari genus Fasciola, yang mempengaruhi ternak ruminansia seperti sapi. Penyakit ini memiliki dampak ekonomi signifikan karena penurunan produktivitas, kualitas daging, dan peningkatan biaya pengobatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui prevalensi fasciolosis pada sapi yang dipotong di Rumah Potong Hewan (RPH) Payakumbuh. Pengambilan sampel feses dilakukan di RPH Payakumbuh dengan jumlah 30 sampel, yang dianalisis menggunakan metode flotasi dan sedimentasi untuk mendeteksi keberadaan Fasciola sp. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi infeksi Fasciola sp. pada sampel feses sebesar 33,3%. Prevalensi berdasarkan umur bahwa pada sapi yang berumur ≥8 tahun lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok umur lainnya. Jenis kelamin, prevalensi pada sapi jantan adalah 28,57%, dan pada sapi betina adalah 30,43%. Bangsa sapi, prevalensi infeksi tertinggi ditemukan pada sapi Brahman Cross (50%), diikuti oleh Simmental (30%) dan Peranakan Ongole (25%). Penelitian ini memberikan data penting bagi pemerintah daerah dan dinas terkait untuk meningkatkan strategi pengendalian penyakit serta meningkatkan kesadaran peternak tentang pentingnya pencegahan fasciolosis, yang pada gilirannya akan meningkatkan kesehatan dan produktivitas ternak.
Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Hijauan Busi (Melochia umbellata) di Daerah Lahan Kering Menurut Interval Pemangkasan
Authors: Sulistijo Edi Djoko
Published: February 2025

Tanaman busi merupakan salah satu jenis tumbuhan asli dan eksotik yang berpotensi untuk pengembangan di daerah lahan kering yang telah teridentifikasi, namun informasi mengenai hasil dan kualitas hijauan yang dihasilkan dan bagaimana hal ini dipengaruhi oleh interval pemangkasan masih terbatas. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dan desain eksperimen yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 3 perlakuan dan setiap perlakuan diulang 4 kali. Perlakuan yang dicobakan adalah interval pemangkasan 8, 12, dan 16 minggu. Selain itu, dilakukan juga uji perbandingan berpasangan antara hasil interval 8 minggu dan akumulasinya dengan 8 minggu selanjutnya. Hasil penelitian pada parameter jumlah tunas, panjang tunas, rasio batang dan daun, kandungan BK, kandungan BO, produksi BS per pohon, produksi BK per pohon, dan produksi BO per pohon tanaman busi (Melochia umbellata) diukur pada minggu ke 8, minggu ke – 12, dan minggu ke - 16 yang ditanam di lahan kering tidak memberikan pengaruh berbeda nyata (P>0,05). Kemampuan pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman busi yang ditanam pada lahan kering dengan interval umur pemotongan minggu ke 8, minggu ke 12, dan minggu ke 16 tidak berbeda nyata namun terdapat respon pertambahan panjang tunasnya yang menunjukkan masih mampu memproduksi hormon pertumbuhan sekalipun ditanam pada lahan kering.
Perbandingan Kualitas Fisiko Kimia Se’i Sapi yang diolah dari Otot Berbeda Sapi Peranakan Ongole Betina Afkir
Authors: Prudentisima Yulita Maria
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menduga nilai evapotranspirasi dengan metode Nisbah Bowen di lahan sawah Kabupaten Indramayu yang sering mengalami permasalahan keterbatasan sumberdaya air terutama pada akhir musim tanam kedua/gadu setiap tahun, dilaksanakan bulan Juni hingga September 2012. Komponen cuaca yang diukur dengan sistem Nisbah Bowen adalah radiasi neto, suhu bola basah dan bola kering, gradien suhu bola basah dan bola kering pada ketinggian antara 140 cm dan 160 cm serta pada ketinggian antara 160 cm dan 180 cm dan limpahan bahang tanah. Pengukuran setiap 30 menit mulai pukul 06.00 sampai pukul 18.00 Komponen yang diukur dengan AWS adalah radiasi, suhu, kelembaban, tekanan udara, curah hujan, arah dan kecepatan angin. Perhitungan dengan metode Nisbah Bowen kemudian dibandingkan dengan perhitungan menggunakan metode FAO Penman-Monteith. Hubungan evapotranspirasi harian hasil perhitungan dengan dua metode tersebut dianalisis dengan Korelasi (Pearson Correlation). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan evapotranspirasi harian di areal persawahan Kabupaten Indramayu pada saat periode kekeringan musim tanam II yang diduga menggunakan metode Nisbah Bowen berkisar antara antara 2,4 mm sampai 4,3 mm dengan rata-rata 3,3 mm, sedangkan evapotranspirasi harian yang diduga menggunakan metode FAO Penman-Monteith bervariasi antara 2,4 mm sampai 4,6 mm dengan rata-rata 3,5 mm. Rata-rata hasil estimasi evapotranspirasi harian dari kedua metode secara statistik tidak berbeda nyata.
The Impact of Autocratic, Democratic, and Laissez-faire Leadership Styles on Employee Motivation “An Analytical Study at Several Directorates within the Ministry of Interior in the Soran Independent Administration”
Authors: Hamze Murad , Sadiq Sabir
Published: February 2025

This study examines how autocratic, democratic and laissez-faire styles of leadership affect employee motivation in the different directorates of the Ministry of Interior, otherwise known as Soran Independent Administration. Research has proven that such styles of leadership are going to affect the way employees engaged and committed themselves to the performance outcome for the sake of organizational success. High levels of democratic leadership or participative decision-making and inclusivity-related structures would, however, create conditions conducive to employee motivation. Recommendations for further research have been made in relation to the study variables. An additional area for further development includes the relationship between laissez-faire, leadership and employee motivation, especially pertaining to the more experienced employees. An autocratic style of leadership is associated with highly centralized decision-making and closely controlled decision environments. In this context, the style may portray itself as very little or even null in terms of motivational influence on employees. This negative emphasis often goes along with lowered creativity and less engagement by the employees with work. These findings indicate the need for anchoring leadership styles under a banner of a scope that should create the entire base of guidelines on open communication trust and employee empowerment as a more strategic approach to better employee motivation and improved organizational outputs. Indeed, by applying participative and autonomous leadership approaches to organizations, such factors become important in creating an environment really conducive to innovation, loyalty, and productivity. Its outcomes point out leadership strategies that can be optimized for effective employee motivation and remind organizations about the practical ways to move toward developmental success.
The Role of Inspirational Leadership in Succession Planning - An Analytical Study in the First Rusafa Education/Baghdad
Authors: Shaker Mahmoud Mahmoud , Mohammed Yaseen Raheem Mohammed Yaseen Raheem
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates the effect of motivation leadership on the performance of succession planning in the Ministry of Education / the First Rusafa Education/ Baghdad. The data was collected for the employees, which was analyzed using the inspirational leadership model. Other dimensions like creating inspiration for followers, future vision, communication, teamwork and mutual trust are also emphasized. The study shows that in order to realize optimal results, there needs to be constant support and supervision from the management. There were problems that were traced in the internal communication that led to this phenomenon. The role of an inspiring leader who is able to utilize the cognitive and behavioral capabilities of an individual to achieve the desired goal of the organization is very important. The research also points out that there is a great need for effective succession planning which aimed at nurturing and retaining talent within the organization. This accomplishment, together with the trained staff who are capable of making decisions that will take into consideration all the cognitive and behavioral capabilities that the organization can offer. This blended approach looks at improving overall performance and reaching organizational goals in the long term.