bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Engineering Sketching: A Valuable Teaching Tool in Construction
Authors: Sepasgozar Samad , Bernold Leonhard
Published: June 2017

Sketching in general engineering and science has been “outmanoeuvred” by computer graphics while still holding on in architectural engineering as a tool to think about spatial relationships, allowing the students to develop conceptual designs quicker than any CAD. Moreover, a recent paper reported that sketching helped students in geology develop critical thinking skills. Based on students’ feedback, it was concluded that it led to a deeper understanding of important concepts. Should it surprise us that psychological research shows that sketching facilitates inference, discovery and learning? This paper presents a model for creating and assessing assignments that uses engineering sketching to teach and learn in a second year course at UNSW, CVEN2101-Engineering Construction. The class focuses on studying key principles related to the safe and effective utilization of construction equipment such as trucks, excavators, cranes and temporary structures. Students faced the challenge to investigate how the physics and math relate to digging, lifting and the creation of large forces while keeping labourers safe. The concept of forensic engineering had to be used to study the cause of accidents. The developed model includes various measurements and proper motion paths, in an attempt to quantify the level of understanding. It is felt, that based on the findings of this study, that engineering sketching not only allows inventing new mechanisms, as Leonardo da Vinci did, but equally important, provides a valuable and reliable tool to teach and learn construction engineering.
Paving the Road for Sustainable Construction in Developing Countries: A Study of the Jordanian Construction Industry
Authors: Alkilani Suhair , Jupp Julie
Published: June 2017

There is an increasing pressure on governments of developing economies to support sustainable construction procurement. In exploring this issue, this research asks three related questions: (1) how is sustainable procurement perceived in developing economies, (2) how can government regulation influence its application, and (3) what is the role of performance measurement in stimulating sustainable procurement practices? Answers are sought via an investigation exploring the underlying issues and challenges facing the construction industry of a developing country looking to address sustainable procurement. Using primary and secondary data sources, this research presents a case study of the Jordanian construction industry. Findings show that whilst sustainable procurement practices are promoted, it is still in its infancy - in part due to ineffective procurement frameworks and a lack of performance measurement. Current government regulations and policies are identified as an underlying cause, discouraging the development and adoption of sustainable procurement methods. As the Jordanian construction industry shares characteristics with other developing economies, it is expected that the findings of this paper will be of interest to professionals in those construction industries attempting to initiate sustainable procurement via performance measurement.
Management Challenges within Multiple Project Environments: Lessons for Developing Countries
Authors: Hashim Noor Ismah , Chileshe Nicholas , Baroudi Bassam
Published: June 2017

In the construction industry, multiple project environments (MPE) exist where more than one project is managed simultaneously. The driving force behind MPEs is the pragmatic allocation of resources encumbered by uncertain economic times. However, MPEs create management challenges that need to be addressed. For that reason, this paper aims to investigate the challenges in respect to managing MPEs within the construction industry. It essentially reviews state-of-art knowledge in respect to MPEs identifying the rationale behind their development. At this stage it would appear that the interdependency and uncertainty within inputs, processes and outputs are major contributing factors to the MPE problem. It is of note that the majority of these findings were based within the context of developed countries. Hence, this review sets out to inform practitioners from developing countries in respect to lessons learned within more developed countries. This review is expected to lead to further investigations on MPEs and their inherent challenges.
Model of Absorptive Capacity and Implementation of New Technology for Rural Construction SMEs
Authors: Kamal Ernawati Mustafa , Flanagan Roger
Published: June 2017

Absorptive capacity has been acknowledged as a critical component for organisations to sustain, grow and compete in their markets. Many researchers have used the concept of absorptive capacity in their analysis at different levels: individual, organisation, industry and country. However, most of the studies focus on very large organisations with sophisticated structures and strong R&D orientation. Very few studies address the theory of absorptive capacity in the context of SME organisations. This paper presents part of the findings of research that investigated absorptive capacity in the context of Malaysian rural construction SMEs. The aim of this paper is to prescribe a model of absorptive capacity for rural construction SMEs. The model is based on validation drawn from five case studies of construction SMEs operating in the rural area in Malaysia. The developed model serves two functions: Firstly, to help rural construction SMEs to understand the issues and process related to absorptive capacity and the implementation, and use of, new technology; secondly, to provide a mechanism for policy makers to transfer new technology to rural contractors. This research contributes to the body of knowledge of absorptive capacity by highlighting issues related to absorptive capacity and implementation of new technology in the context of rural SMEs. Keywords: Absorptive Capacity, Malaysia, Rural Construction, Small and medium sized enterprise (SME).
Adoption of Solar Grid-Tied PV-System Adopted in a Residential Building
Authors: Wei Sun , Temitope Egbelakin
Published: June 2017

Emerging construction technologies focussing on the role and development of energy-conserving equipment can play a major role in solving a wide range of environmental and nature resource problems such as the greenhouse gas. Alternative energy is becoming a popular for property developers because of its potential of becoming more economically viable option when compared to current energy source-electricity. The objective of this research report is to conduct a cost-benefit analysis of adopting a solar energy technology specifically the solar grid-tied system by comparing the cost of initial investment and usage in a typical three bedroom residential building a conventional electricity power supply. Using a case study research approach, the research findings showed that the PV system is more cost-effective in the long term compared to the conversional electricity supply. Although the pre-investment is relatively high in the PV system, it is a reliable investment in the long-term. It is important to emphasise that the use energy efficient appliances, lighting, insulation and double glassing has enhanced the effectiveness of the system. Keywords: Photovoltaic system (PV); Solar energy; Cost-effectiveness
Statistical forecast of seasonal discharge in Central Asia for water resources management: development of a generic linear modelling tool for operational use
Authors: Apel Heiko , Abdykerimova Zharkinay , Agalhanova Marina , Baimaganbetov Azamat , Gavrilenko Nedejda , Gerlitz Lars , Kalashnikova Olga , Unger-Shayesteh Katy , Vorogushyn Sergiy , Gafurov Abror
Published: June 2017

Abstract. The semi-arid regions of Central Asia crucially depend on the water resources supplied by the mountainous areas of the Tien Shan, Pamir and Altai mountains. During the summer months the snow and glacier melt dominated river discharge originating in the mountains provides the main water resource available for agricultural production, but also for storage in reservoirs for energy generation during the winter months. Thus a reliable seasonal forecast of the water resources is crucial for a sustainable management and planning of water resources. In fact, seasonal forecasts are mandatory tasks of all national hydro-meteorological services in the region. In order to support the operational seasonal forecast procedures of hydro-meteorological services, this study aims at the development of a generic tool for deriving statistical forecast models of seasonal river discharge. The generic model is kept as simple as possible in order to be driven by available meteorological and hydrological data, and be applicable for all catchments in the region. As snowmelt dominates summer runoff, the main meteorological predictors for the forecast models are monthly values of winter precipitation and temperature, satellite based snow cover data and antecedent discharge. This basic predictor set was further extended by multi-monthly means of the individual predictors, as well as composites of the predictors. Forecast models are derived based on these predictors as linear combinations of up to 3 or 4 predictors. A user selectable number of best models is extracted automatically by the developed model fitting algorithm, which includes a test for robustness by a leave-one-out cross validation. Based on the cross validation the predictive uncertainty was quantified for every prediction model. Forecasts of the mean seasonal discharge of the period April to September are derived every month starting from January until June. The application of the model for several catchments in Central Asia – ranging from small to the largest rivers – for the period 2000–2015 provided skilful forecasts for most catchments already in January. The skill of the prediction increased every month, with R2 values often in the range 0.8–0.9 in April just before the prediction period. In summary, the proposed generic automatic forecast model development tool provides robust predictions for seasonal water availability in Central Asia, which will be tested against the official forecasts in the upcoming years, with the vision of operational implementation.
Migración interna en cuatro ciudades de Honduras
Authors: Flores Fonseca Manuel Antonio
Published: June 2017

Este estudio se enfoca en cuatro ciudades, que son las principales desde el punto de vista económico (la capital gubernamental, la primera y segunda industrial), demográfico al ser las más pobladas y de mayor crecimiento y  desde el punto de vista migratorio porque tienen los mayores saldos positivos del país en la migración de toda la vida y reciente. Mantienen su atractivo migratorio reciente y la cuantía desde el resto del país continúa siendo una fuerza importante. En ellas la migración neta positiva se debe exclusivamente al intercambio migratorio con otros municipios ubicados en otras DAM del resto de país, pues la migración neta con otros municipios de su DAM es menor. En San Pedro Sula el saldo migratorio positivo resulta de la diferencia que es mayor de la combinación del intercambio con los municipios pertenecientes a las otras DAM y el saldo negativo en el intercambio con el resto de municipios de su propia DAM, con lo que este municipio tiene la tendencia de pérdida de atractivo en su DAM producto posiblemente a la ampliación de sus límites a los municipios adyacentes, que incluye a los municipios de Choloma, Villanueva y otros vecinos que pertenecen a otra DAM.
Biometric Characterization of Fruits and Morphoanatomy of the Mesocarp of Acrocomia Species (Arecaceae)
Authors: Vianna Suelen Alves , Berton Luiz Henrique Chorfi , Pott Arnildo , Carmello Guerreiro Sandra Maria , Colombo Carlos Augusto
Published: June 2017

The genus Acrocomia (Arecaceae) is widely distributed in the Neotropics, without consensus on the number of species. The arboreal species are explored in their native countries. To subsidize better use of the observed variation in fruits of different species for product extraction, taxonomy, conservation and genetic improvement, our objective was to characterize biometrically the fruits and anatomically the mesocarp from natural populations of A. aculeata, A. intumescens and A. totai. We observed different colors of epicarp and mesocarp in A. aculeata and A. totai, while the fruits of A. intumescens were light green or yellowish. The fruits of A. aculeata showed diameter considered large (3.9-4.6 cm) and the highest dry mass (26.3-33.5 g), A. intumescens presented intermediate diameter (3.1–3.9 cm) and mass (11.5-18.8 g), and A. totai had the smallest diameter (2.2-3.0 cm) and mass (4.1-11.4 g). The morphoanatomical analysis of the mesocarp did not distinguish the three species. However, it revealed the presence of useful compounds for human consumption and with economic potential, such as oil in the parenchyma cells, mucilage, starch and phenolic compounds. We concluded that the mesocarp anatomy is not useful for taxonomy, but the biometric variation is, as well as variation within species can be applicable in conservation and genetic improvement.
Conciliation Between Lawyer and Client (Consumer) at the Czech Bar Association
Authors: Doležalová Martina
Published: June 2017

Conciliation Between Lawyer and Client (Consumer) at the Czech Bar Association

The 2013/11/EU Directive on alternative dispute resolution for consumer disputes has forced the bar authorities in all European countries to think about the implementation of a dispute resolution mechanism to handle disputes between lawyers and their clients. The fear, if not done, would be that disputes between lawyers and clients would fall into the general consumer dispute resolution mechanisms, which many felt would not be adapted to the peculiarities of disputes between lawyers and clients, in particular concerning the proper respect of professional secrecy. Hence the need for the bars to develop their own system. The Czech Bar Association has been among the first to propose such mechanism to the Ministry of Industry and Trade. This article describes the broad outlines of the system.
DÉVELOPPEMENT NEUROCOGNITIF ET CÉRÉBRAL DES SURVIVANTS À LONG TERME DE LA LEUCÉMIE LYMPHOBLASTIQUE AIGUË
Authors: Boulet-Craig Aubrée , Robaey Philippe , Krajinovic Maja , Laverdière Caroline , Sinnett Daniel , Sultan Serge , Lippé Sarah
Published: June 2017

La leucémie lymphoblastique aiguë (LLA) est le type de cancer le plus fréquemment diagnostiqué chez l’enfant. Les traitements de radiation crânienne et de chimiothérapie administrés permettent un excellent taux de survie. Cependant, ces traitements causent divers effets à long terme affectant la qualité de vie des survivants. Cette revue de littérature aborde les effets à long terme des traitements contre la LLA sur le fonctionnement cognitif et les structures cérébrales. Les atteintes de la substance blanche et grise ainsi que les déficits cognitifs fréquents, leur relation avec les agents de traitement et les mécanismes expliquant leur apparition graduelle y sont décrits.
LA GLORIFICATION NARCISSIQUE : ÉBLOUIR POUR EXISTER
Authors: Gabrion France , Brunet Louis
Published: June 2017

Cet article fait suite à un écrit précédent (Gabrion & Brunet, 2014), mais peut être considéré indépendamment. Il présente une analyse des enjeux narcissiques ayant ponctué l’existence d’un homme dont la carrière criminelle comporte surtout des vols. L’objectif principal est de comprendre de quelle façon la grandiosité et le surinvestissement du Moi idéal ont influencé le vécu criminel et relationnel du sujet. Douze entretiens ont permis de dégager trois thématiques en lien avec des conflictualités inconscientes : le surinvestissement du Moi idéal, l’identification à la criminalité et la perception de soi du sujet. L’analyse montre de quelle manière une certaine structuration de la personnalité a pu affecter les choix et le mode de vie privilégié de cet homme.
LE POINT SUR LE FLOW
Authors: Csikszentmihalyi Mihaly , Bouffard Léandre
Published: June 2017

Le présent article aborde la définition, les caractéristiques et les diverses mesures de l’expérience optimale (flow). Il présente le contexte historique de sa conceptualisation théorique, les relations du flow avec le développement de la personne et la culture. L’article présente également des études récentes et révélatrices sur le flow. Il se termine avec quelques suggestions de recherches futures.
Regards croisÉs sur la santÉ, le rÉtablissement et le bien-Être : psychologie positive, psychopathologie clinique et psychologie de la santÉ
Authors: Aguerre Colette
Published: June 2017

Cet article vise à donner un aperçu de ce que la psychologie positive peut apporter à la psychopathologie et à la psychologie de la santé, en vue de mettre en lumière quelques-unes de leurs complémentarités. Nous montrerons dans un premier temps comment la psychologie positive a contribué à revisiter les questions de santé et de rétablissement, en soulignant l’importance de promouvoir une santé positive et un rétablissement complet. Nous illustrerons notre propos en relatant quelques résultats d’études portant sur la dépression et la douleur chronique. Puis nous soulignerons les bienfaits de dispositifs cliniques permettant de cultiver des émotions positives et un sentiment de bien-être, en essayant de cerner les processus de changement qu’ils mobilisent.
VERS UN MODÈLE DU DÉVELOPPEMENT DES DIMENSIONS DE LA MENTALISATION A L’ADOLESCENCE
Authors: Badoud Deborah , Speranza Mario , Debbané Martin
Published: June 2017

Cet article propose une synthèse des principales données expérimentales à propos des capacités sociocognitives des adolescents, obtenues sur le plan comportemental et cérébral. Il se cible sur un ensemble de concepts voisins de la mentalisation (théorie de l’esprit, empathie, traitement des visages et des aspects liés à soi) qui ont l’avantage de permettre une opérationnalisation de ses différentes dimensions. Il propose que l’adolescent évolue vers une plus grande spécialisation et intégration de certaines dimensions spécifiques de la mentalisation. Des pistes de recherches futures sont discutées.
AU COEUR DE LA MENTALISATION : LA MÉMOIRE ÉPISODIQUE ET AUTOBIOGRAPHIQUE
Authors: Philippe Frédérick L.
Published: June 2017

Le présent essai examine les processus de représentation et de symbolisation sous-jacents à la mentalisation selon les théories contemporaines sur la mémoire épisodique et autobiographique en neurosciences cognitives et en psychologie de la personnalité. Il sera démontré que la composition et l’organisation des répertoires épisodiques et autobiographiques et leurs liens avec certaines structures affectives du cerveau correspondent aux mécanismes de la mentalisation et à sa finalité. Divers phénomènes psychologiques seront abordés, tels que le refoulement et les images intrusives dans les échecs de mentalisation ou l’émergence de sens et du soi conceptuel dans une mentalisation plus réussie.
ÉVALUER LA MENTALISATION SANS COTATION : LA TÂCHE DES ÉTATS MENTAUX
Authors: Beaulieu-Pelletier Geneviève , Philippe Frédérick L.
Published: June 2017

Les méthodes d’évaluation de la mentalisation sont majoritairement complexes, requièrent une lourde formation ou un temps de passation/cotation important, ce qui en limite l’application. L’objet de cet article est de présenter le Mental States Task (MST; Beaulieu-Pelletier, Bouchard, & Philippe, 2013), un outil innovateur pratique développé afin de contrer ces limites (sans cotation et facile d’utilisation) et ayant l’avantage de s’adapter à différents domaines d’investigation et enjeux psychologiques. Le MST évalue les états mentaux par le biais de la qualité de l’élaboration mentale et l’ouverture à l’expérience subjective.
Microbial bioenergetics of coral-algal interactions
Authors: Roach Ty N.F. , Abieri Maria L. , George Emma E. , Knowles Ben , Naliboff Douglas S. , Smurthwaite Cameron A. , Kelly Linda Wegley , Haas Andreas F. , Rohwer Forest L.
Published: June 2017

Human impacts are causing ecosystem phase shifts from coral- to algal-dominated reef systems on a global scale. As these ecosystems undergo transition, there is an increased incidence of coral-macroalgal interactions. Mounting evidence indicates that the outcome of these interaction events is, in part, governed by microbially mediated dynamics. The allocation of available energy through different trophic levels, including the microbial food web, determines the outcome of these interactions and ultimately shapes the benthic community structure. However, little is known about the underlying thermodynamic mechanisms involved in these trophic energy transfers. This study utilizes a novel combination of methods including calorimetry, flow cytometry, and optical oxygen measurements, to provide a bioenergetic analysis of coral-macroalgal interactions in a controlled aquarium setting. We demonstrate that the energetic demands of microbial communities at the coral-algal interaction interface are higher than in the communities associated with either of the macroorganisms alone. This was evident through higher microbial power output (energy use per unit time) and lower oxygen concentrations at interaction zones compared to areas distal from the interface. Increases in microbial power output and lower oxygen concentrations were significantly correlated with the ratio of heterotrophic to autotrophic microbes but not the total microbial abundance. These results suggest that coral-algal interfaces harbor higher proportions of heterotrophic microbes that are optimizing maximal power output, as opposed to yield. This yield to power shift offers a possible thermodynamic mechanism underlying the transition from coral- to algal-dominated reef ecosystems currently being observed worldwide. As changes in the power output of an ecosystem are a significant indicator of the current state of the system, this analysis provides a novel and insightful means to quantify microbial impacts on reef health.
Flash Light Millisecond Self‐Assembly of High χ Block Copolymers for Wafer‐Scale Sub‐10 nm Nanopatterning
Authors: Jin Hyeong Min , Park Dae Yong , Jeong Seong‐Jun , Lee Gil Yong , Kim Ju Young , Mun Jeong Ho , Cha Seung Keun , Lim Joonwon , Kim Jun Soo , Kim Kwang Ho , Lee Keon Jae , Kim Sang Ouk
Published: June 2017

One of the fundamental challenges encountered in successful incorporation of directed self‐assembly in sub‐10 nm scale practical nanolithography is the process compatibility of block copolymers with a high Flory–Huggins interaction parameter (χ). Herein, reliable, fab‐compatible, and ultrafast directed self‐assembly of high‐χ block copolymers is achieved with intense flash light. The instantaneous heating/quenching process over an extremely high temperature (over 600 °C) by flash light irradiation enables large grain growth of sub‐10 nm scale self‐assembled nanopatterns without thermal degradation or dewetting in a millisecond time scale. A rapid self‐assembly mechanism for a highly ordered morphology is identified based on the kinetics and thermodynamics of the block copolymers with strong segregation. Furthermore, this novel self‐assembly mechanism is combined with graphoepitaxy to demonstrate the feasibility of ultrafast directed self‐assembly of sub‐10 nm nanopatterns over a large area. A chemically modified graphene film is used as a flexible and conformal light‐absorbing layer. Subsequently, transparent and mechanically flexible nanolithography with a millisecond photothermal process is achieved leading the way for roll‐to‐roll processability.
“Fast Track” Development and Approval Process for Heart Failure Therapeutics
Authors: Papadimitriou L , Butler J
Published: June 2017

Heart failure (HF) is a global epidemic, with a high mortality and morbidity burden. In such diseases, earlier access to lifesaving therapeutic regimens is imperative, and could be accomplished by improving the drug development and approval process, without jeopardizing patient safety. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has already established mechanisms facilitating the latter, but further guidance to enhance and expedite the process holds promise to further improve patient outcomes.
C–N Bond Coupling of Fluorobenzenes: N‐Heterocycle‐Assisted Selective C–F Bond Cleavage through an Li/F Interaction
Authors: Chen Jianping , Huang Dongyang , Ding Yuqiang
Published: June 2017

We describe a method for the cross‐coupling of fluoroarenes with amines. The reaction involves an N‐heterocycle‐assisted selective C–F bond cleavage, and does not require a transition‐metal catalyst. The cross‐coupling reaction is significantly promoted by an Li/F interaction. Unexpectedly, amination of an ortho C–F bond on the pyridine ring was observed for 2‐(2‐fluorophenyl)‐6‐fluoropyridine, while the C–F bond on the benzene ring remained intact.
Assessment of silibinin as a potential antifungal agent and investigation of its mechanism of action
Authors: Yun Dae Gyu , Lee Dong Gun
Published: June 2017

Silibinin, which is derived from Silybum marianum (milk thistle), has used as a traditional remedy for liver or biliary disorders and known to have superior antioxidant activity. In addition, silibinin was recently reported to have antifungal effect related to fungal apoptosis against Candida albicans and the interest in the therapeutic effect is increasing. In this study, we found another mode of antifungal action of silibinin and its antibiofilm activity on C. albicans. To investigate influence on fungal plasma membrane, propidium iodide and bis‐(1, 3‐dibutylbarbituric acid) trimethineoxonol [DiBAC4(3)] assay were primarily carried out. After 5‐h incubation with silibinin (50, 100, 150, or 200 µg/mL), the propidium iodide fluorescent percentages increased by 11.90%, 28.50%, 34.10%, and 44.52%, respectively, and the DiBAC4(3) fluorescent percentages increased by 13.18%, 34.64%, 46.99%, and 57.15%, respectively. As a result, we thought that silibinin concentrations of more than 100 µg/mL have a membrane‐damaging effect. Subsequently, to estimate the degree of membrane damage, we used Fluorescein isothiocyanate‐labelled dextrans (FDs) of various sizes and the results indicated that silibinin allowed penetration of molecules smaller than approximately FD20 (3.3 nm). In addition, silibinin inhibited the dimorphic transition of C. albicans and resulted in the inhibition of biofilm development at an early stage. In conclusion, we found membrane‐damaging effect of silibinin and its antibiofilm effect in C. albicans. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(8):631–637, 2017
Risk factors for detection failures of chest radiography in diagnosing pneumonia
Authors: Sugishita Keiji , Saito Toshiaki , Asayama Yukino , Iwamoto Takashi
Published: June 2017

Background

Little is known about clinical factors associated with undetectable pneumonic shadows on chest radiographs (CRs) for diagnosing pneumonia in the primary care setting.

Methods

A retrospective assessment of CRs was conducted to compare chest computed tomography (CT) images of patients admitted to Kesennuma City Motoyoshi Municipal Hospital who were diagnosed with pneumonia from April 2014 to June 2016.

Results

Eighty‐three patients were included, and their average age was 83.8 years. Sixty‐eight patients (81.9%) were officially certified as requiring long‐term care or support. Twenty‐nine of the 83 patients (34.9%) had either negative or normal findings on CRs, and positive findings consistent with pneumonia on CT. There were no significant differences in gender, age, cardiothoracic ratio on CR, or severity between the CR‐negative and CR‐positive groups. The proportion of negative CRs was significantly higher in patients with certified care level 5 under the long‐term care system in Japan and tube feeding.

Conclusion

The failure rate of CRs for detecting pneumonic shadows was significantly higher in patients with certified care level 5 and tube feeding.
Technical Note: Combination of multiple EPID imager layers improves image quality and tracking performance of low contrast‐to‐noise objects
Authors: Yip Stephen S.F. , Rottmann Joerg , Chen Haijian , Morf Daniel , Füglistaller Rony , Star‐Lack Josh , Zentai George , Berbeco Ross
Published: June 2017

Purpose

We hypothesized that combining multiple amorphous silicon flat panel layers increases photon detection efficiency in an electronic portal imaging device (EPID), improving image quality and tracking accuracy of low‐contrast targets during radiotherapy.

Methods

The prototype imager evaluated in this study contained four individually programmable layers each with a copper converter layer, Gd2O2S scintillator, and active‐matrix flat panel imager (AMFPI). The imager was placed on a Varian TrueBeam linac and a Las Vegas phantom programmed with sinusoidal motion (peak‐to‐peak amplitude = 20 mm, period = 3.5 s) was imaged at a frame rate of 10 Hz with one to four layers activated. Number of visible circles and CNR of least visible circle (depth = 0.5 mm, diameter = 7 mm) was computed to assess the image quality of single and multiple layers. A previously validated tracking algorithm was employed for auto‐tracking. Tracking error was defined as the difference between the programmed and tracked positions of the circle. Pearson correlation coefficient (R) of CNR and tracking errors was computed.

Results

Motion‐induced blurring significantly reduced circle visibility. During four cycles of phantom motion, the number of visible circles varied from 11–23, 13–24, 15–25, and 16–26 for one‐, two‐, three‐, and four‐layer imagers, respectively. Compared with using only a single layer, combining two, three, and four layers increased the median CNR by factors of 1.19, 1.42, and 1.71, respectively and reduced the average tracking error from 3.32 mm to 1.67 mm to 1.47 mm, and 0.74 mm, respectively. Significant correlations (P~10−9) were found between the tracking error and CNR.

Conclusion

Combination of four conventional EPID layers significantly improves the EPID image quality and tracking accuracy for a poorly visible object which is moving with a frequency and amplitude similar to respiratory motion.
Association of chronic hypertension with birth of small‐for‐gestational‐age neonate
Authors: Panaitescu A. M. , Baschat A. A. , Akolekar R. , Syngelaki A. , Nicolaides K. H.
Published: June 2017

Objective

To examine the effect of chronic hypertension (CH), with and without superimposed pre‐eclampsia (PE), on the incidence of a small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) neonate and to explore the possible mechanism for such association.

Methods

Data for this study were derived from prospective screening for adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with singleton pregnancy attending their first routine hospital visit at 11–13 weeks' gestation, which included recording of maternal characteristics and medical history and measurement of mean arterial pressure (MAP). Birth‐weight Z‐score, adjusted for gestational age and maternal and pregnancy characteristics, and incidence of SGA were compared between those with and those without CH in the total population and in the subgroups of pregnancies with and without PE. Regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between MAP and birth‐weight Z‐score and incidence of SGA and PE in those with and those without CH.

Results

The study population constituted 74 226 pregnancies, including 1052 (1.4%) with CH and 73 174 without CH. PE developed in 233 (22.1%) cases of the group with CH and in 1662 (2.3%) of those without CH. In the group that developed PE, there was no significant difference for either median birth‐weight Z‐score or incidence of SGA between those with CH and those without CH. In the group without PE, the incidence of SGA was twice as high in those with CH than in those without. There was a significant association between log10 MAP multiples of the median and incidence of SGA and PE, which was more marked in those with CH than in those without.

Conclusion

CH is associated with an increased risk of SGA and PE and this is related to MAP at 11–13 weeks' gestation. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Mean field games with congestion
Authors: Achdou Yves , Porretta Alessio
Published: June 2017

We consider a class of systems of time dependent partial differential equations which arise in mean field type models with congestion. The systems couple a backward viscous Hamilton–Jacobi equation and a forward Kolmogorov equation both posed in

(0,T) \times (\mathbb{R}^{N}/ \mathbb{Z}^{N})

. Because of congestion and by contrast with simpler cases, the latter system can never be seen as the optimality conditions of an optimal control problem driven by a partial differential equation. The Hamiltonian vanishes as the density tends to

+∞

and may not even be defined in the regions where the density is zero. After giving a suitable definition of weak solutions, we prove the existence and uniqueness results of the latter under rather general assumptions. No restriction is made on the horizon

T

.
Managing Open Innovation in SMEs
Authors: Vanhaverbeke Wim
Published: June 2017

The concept of open innovation (OI) has become a very popular topic during the last decade, with an increasing number of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) embracing OI practices to gain competitive advantage. With the majority of publications focusing on large firms, open innovation in SMEs has received scant attention from both scholars and practitioners. This book seeks to correct this imbalance by providing an in-depth study for both business managers and graduate-level students. Using rich, in-depth case studies from successful companies, it examines different approaches to managing OI in order to develop practical guidelines for implementation. It also highlights important differences between OI strategies in SMEs and large companies. Its findings will be of use to those studying or working in innovation management, open innovation, small business management and entrepreneurship.
Impuls Festival, Graz. Collaboratory with Stefan Prins
Authors: Corcoran-Tadd Athena
Published: June 2017

Impuls, the International Ensemble and Composition Academy for Contemporary Music, has in the past offered a workshop that deviates from the main activities of instrumental classes and ensemble work, composition classes, lectures, and call-for-score reading sessions, taking the form of an intensive course which plays with the grey areas between composer and performer, performance and installation, cochlear and non-cochlear music. In 2017, with the Academy now in its tenth edition, the focus of this workshop moved from ‘Composition Beyond Music’, led in recent years by Peter Ablinger (2013) and by Georg Nussbaumer (2015), to ‘Collaboratory’, a new workshop led by Belgian composer/performer Stefan Prins, imagined in collaboration with Ute Pinter, the festival's secretary general.
BERGSON, MOURNING AND MEMORY: THE FRAGILITY OF TIME IN KLAUS LANG'STRAUERMUSIK
Authors: Wilson Daniel
Published: June 2017

The music of composer Klaus Lang (b. 1971) is often overlooked in broader discussions of New Music in Europe, and is little discussed outside of his native Austria. When his music is discussed, it is usually in relation to its fragile textures and extreme quietness. However, the notion of time in its various guises also plays a key role in Lang's work, and it is the scale and structure rather than volume and timbre of his music that this article probes. This paper looks at the construction and configuration of time in Lang's music utilising the writings of Henri Bergson, and specifically the notion of duration as a mediation of time and consciousness. I suggest that Lang's work is predicated on the fragile balancing of conscious and ‘clock’ time, creating structures that destabilise our perception of temporality in his work.
Multi-resolution Visual Positioning and Navigation Technique for Unmanned Aerial System Landing Assistance
Authors: Yu Chong , Cai Jiyuan , Chen Qingyu
Published: June 2017

To achieve more accurate navigation performance in the landing process, a multi-resolution visual positioning technique is proposed for landing assistance of an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS). This technique uses a captured image of an artificial landmark (e.g. barcode) to provide relative positioning information in the X, Y and Z axes, and yaw, roll and pitch orientations. A multi-resolution coding algorithm is designed to ensure the UAS will not lose the detection of the landing target due to limited visual angles or camera resolution. Simulation and real world experiments prove the performance of the proposed technique in positioning accuracy, detection accuracy, and navigation effect. Two types of UAS are used to verify the generalisation of the proposed technique. Comparison experiments to state-of-the-art techniques are also included with the results analysis.
Cigarette smoke is associated with altered expression of antioxidant enzymes in granulosa cells from women undergoing in vitro fertilization
Authors: Budani Maria Cristina , Carletti Erminia , Tiboni Gian Mario
Published: June 2017

This study was undertaken to evaluate whether cigarette smoke is associated with changes in the expression of antioxidant enzymes in granulosa cells of women undergoing IVF treatments. For this aim, the expression of three antioxidant enzymes (SOD1, SOD2 and catalase) in non-smokers (n = 20) and smokers (n = 20) was analyzed. There was a statistically significant overexpression of SOD2 and catalase mRNA levels in smokers in comparison with non-smokers. Cigarette smoking was associated with a lower fertilization rate, implantation rate and pregnancy rate in comparison with non-smokers. There was no effect on retrieved oocytes number, metaphase II oocytes number, quality of embryos transferred and live birth rate. These findings suggest that cigarette smoke initiates oxidative stress in granulosa cells.
Reversing the Manual Digit Bias in Two-Digit Number	Comparison
Authors: Faulkenberry Thomas J. , Cruise Alexander , Shaki Samuel
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Though recent work in numerical cognition has supported a strong tie between numerical and spatial representations (e.g., a mental number line), less is known about such ties in multi-digit number representations. Along this line, Bloechle, Huber, and Moeller (2015) found that pointing positions in two-digit number comparison were biased leftward toward the decade digit. Moreover, this bias was reduced in unit-decade incompatible pairs. In the present study, we tracked computer mouse movements as participants compared two-digit numbers to a fixed standard (55). Similar to Bloechle et al. (2015) , we found that trajectories exhibited a leftward bias that was reduced for unit-decade incompatible comparisons. However, when positions of response labels were reversed, the biases reversed. That is, we found a rightward bias for compatible pairs that was reduced for incompatible pairs. This result calls into question a purely embodied representation of place value structure and instead supports a competition model of two-digit number representation.
A high throughput microfluidic platform for size-selective enrichment of cell populations in tissue and blood samples
Authors: Nivedita Nivedita , Garg Neha , Lee Abraham P. , Papautsky Ian
Published: June 2017

We present an integrated platform for highly selective separation and enrichment of cells from blood and tissue samples.
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy for characterization of protein chain reductions in enzymatic reactions
Authors: Böcker Ulrike , Wubshet Sileshi Gizachew , Lindberg Diana , Afseth Nils Kristian
Published: June 2017

The potential of dry-film Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) measurements as a monitoring tool for enzymatic hydrolysis of protein-based substrates is explored in this study.
Two-dimensional graphene-like N, Co-codoped carbon nanosheets derived from ZIF-67 polyhedrons for efficient oxygen reduction reactions
Authors: Hou Ya-Nan , Zhao Zongbin , Yu Zhengfa , Tang Yongchao , Wang Xuzhen , Qiu Jieshan
Published: June 2017

Graphene-like N, Co-codoped carbon nanosheets have been fabricated from ZIF-67 in a molten salt medium.
Real-time depth measurement in glow discharge optical emission spectrometry via differential interferometric profiling
Authors: Gaiaschi S. , Richard S. , Chapon P. , Acher O.
Published: June 2017

We developed an in situ measurement technique implemented on a Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry (GD-OES) instrument, which provides the depth information during the profiling process.
Reactivity of Seven-Membered-Ring trans-Alkenes with Electrophiles
Authors: Woerpel K. , Sanzone Jillian
Published: June 2017

Seven-membered-ring trans-alkenes containing a silicon–oxygen bond reacted rapidly with oxygen gas and electron-deficient alkenes and alkynes to give products with high selectivity. Addition of an electron-donating substituent or incorporating additional strain increased the reactivity by over two orders of magnitude. These results indicate that release of strain is not the only driving force for reactivity.
Berufliche Präferenzen bezüglich Versorgungssektor und Position von Ärztinnen und Ärzten nach vier jähriger fachärztlicher Weiterbildung
Authors: Ziegler Stine , van den Bussche Hendrik , Römer Farina , Krause-Solberg Lea , Scherer Martin
Published: June 2017

Hintergrund Untersucht wurden die Präferenzen von Ärztinnen und Ärzten in Weiterbildung in Bezug auf Tätigkeitssektor (ambulant/stationär) und die angestrebte Position im jeweiligen Sektor (Anstellung/Freiberuflichkeit bzw. fach-/ober-/chefärztliche Position) nach ihrer fachärztlichen Anerkennung. Im Fokus stehen dabei geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede und Einfluss von Elternschaft.

Methodik Jährliche standardisierte postalische Befragungen mit den Absolventinnen und Absolventen von medizinischen Fakultäten vom Praktischen Jahr bis nach vier Jahren Weiterbildung. Die Rücklaufquote betrug 48 % im 1. Jahr, in den Folgejahren stets 85 % und mehr. In allen Erhebungen waren ca. zwei Drittel der Befragten weiblich. Zur Datenauswertung wurden deskriptive Statistik und Regressionsanalysen angewandt.

Ergebnisse Das Krankenhaus wird im Vergleich zur vertragsärztlichen Versorgung bevorzugt, auch wenn die Attraktivität des Krankenhauses über die vier Weiterbildungsjahre abnimmt. Die Entscheidung für oder gegen das Krankenhaus hängt mit der gewählten Disziplin zusammen. Ambulante Versorgung ist mit Möglichkeiten zur Teilzeittätigkeit assoziiert. In der vertragsärztlichen Versorgung wird von Männern eher eine Niederlassung, von Frauen zunehmend ein Angestelltenverhältnis präferiert. Personen mit Kind und Personen, die eine Vollzeittätigkeit in der ambulanten Versorgung anstreben, präferieren die Niederlassung in eigener Praxis. Im Krankenhaus streben vor allem Männer Positionen mit Leitungsfunktion an, Leitungsposition ist mit Vollzeittätigkeit assoziiert. Zukünftige Führungskräfte finden sich primär in Universitätskliniken.

Folgerung Drei Tendenzen sind zu verzeichnen: Abneigung gegenüber Leitungspositionen, wachsendes Interesse an Teilzeitarbeit und wachsende Neigung zur Angestelltentätigkeit im ambulanten Sektor. Diese Tendenzen stellen eine Abkehr von traditionellen Leitbildern der medizinischen Profession dar. Die derzeitige Arbeitsmarktsituation erlaubt eine Realisierung dieser Präferenzen, damit einhergehenden Problemen der möglichen Unterversorgung muss deshalb von anderer Stelle entgegengewirkt werden. Ein Umdenken in der Geschlechterrollenverteilung ist kaum nachzuweisen.
Der Problemfall: Klaustrophobie
Authors: Müller H.V.
Published: June 2017

Schlußfolgerung: Der Erfolg bewies, daß die Wahl richtig war. Zugleich zeigte sich aber auch, daß der Erfolg sehr langsam kommen und 1/2 Jahr auf sich warten lassen kann. Wir müssen uns immer wieder eng mit der Denkweise Hahnemanns verbinden und daran denken, daß wir die nächste Behandlung erst durchführen dürfen, wenn die vorherige nach eingehender Prüfung keinen Fortschritt mehr zeigt. Ein immer wiederkehrender Fehler besteht darin, daß man nicht warten kann.
Über die homöopathische Behandlung der Mukoviszidose anhand eines Fallberichts
Authors: Braun Artur
Published: June 2017

An Hand eines Falles, der ab dem ersten Lebensvierteljahr begleitend homöopathisch behandelt wurde, wird die homöopathische Arzneiwahl bei der Mukoviszidose (cystischen Fibrose) besprochen. Das Krankheitsbild ist nach Hahnemann sowohl unter die chronischen wie unter die festständigen Krankheiten einzureihen. Als wirksamste Arzneien erwiesen sich im Verlauf der bisher 6jährigen Behandlung meiner Enkeltochter Calcium sulfuricum, Mercur. solubilis und Phosphor. Weitere in Betracht kommende festständige Mittel werden aufgezeigt. Eich-hornia crassipes wird als Stimulans der exkretorischen Pankreasfunktion zur Dauertherapie empfohlen. Bei Pankreatitis ist es abzusetzen!
Proximity effects in multiband superconductor–ferromagnetic metal structures
Authors: Koshina E. A. , Krivoruchko V. N.
Published: June 2017

Proximity effects in multiband superconductor/ferromagnetic metal (S/F) structures are considered. In the limit when the transport properties of both metals correspond to the diffusion conductivity type, the general form of the Usadel equations and their quasiclassical boundary conditions are formulated. For several limiting cases, analytical solutions of the Usadel equations are obtained. It is shown that induced (proximity) characteristics reflect the multiband structure of the superconductor and significantly depend on the SF boundary parameters and the exchange interaction magnitude in the F layer. Main manifestations of the magnetic proximity effect in the S layer near the SF boundary are considered: additional suppression of the superconducting order parameter by the exchange field, spin splitting of the quasiparticle density of states, the emergence of localized states inside the energy gap, and induced equilibrium magnetization of unpaired electrons in the S layer.
On the linkage between the k−5/3 spectral and k−7/3 cospectral scaling in high-Reynolds number turbulent boundary layers
Authors: Li Dan , Katul Gabriel G.
Published: June 2017

Connections between the “−5/3” spectral and “−7/3” cospectral scaling exponents characterizing the inertial subranges of the wall-normal energy spectrum and the turbulent momentum flux cospectrum are explored in the equilibrium layer of high-Reynolds number turbulent boundary layers. Previous laboratory experiments and field measurements featured here in the atmospheric boundary layer show that the “−7/3” scaling in the momentum flux cospectrum Fuw(k) commences at lower wavenumbers (around kz = 3) than the “−5/3” scaling in the wall-normal energy spectrum Eww(k) (around kz = 6), where k is the streamwise wavenumber and z is the distance from the surface. A satisfactory explanation as to why Fuw(k) attains its “−7/3” inertial subrange scaling earlier than Eww(k) in wavenumber space remains elusive. A cospectral budget (CSB) model subject to several simplifications and closure schemes offers one viewpoint. In its simplest form, the CSB model assumes a balance at all k between the production term and a Rotta-like pressure decorrelation term with a prescribed wavenumber-dependent relaxation time scale. It predicts the “−7/3” scaling for Fuw(k) from the “−5/3” scaling in Eww(k), thereby recovering earlier results derived from dimensional considerations. A finite flux transfer term was previously proposed to explain anomalous deviations from the “−7/3” cospectral scaling in the inertial subrange using a simplified spectral diffusion closure. However, this explanation is not compatible with an earlier commencement of the “−7/3” scaling in Fuw(k). An alternative explanation that does not require a finite flux transfer is explored here. By linking the relaxation time scale in the slow-component of the Rotta model to the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) spectrum, the earlier onset of the “−7/3” scaling in Fuw(k) is recovered without attainment of a “−5/3” scaling in Eww(k). The early onset of the “−7/3” scaling at smaller k is related to a slower than k−5/3 decay in the TKE spectrum at the crossover from production to inertial scales.