bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optical Fiber Interferometers Based on Arc-Induced Long Period Gratings at INESC TEC
Authors: Caldas Paulo , Rego Gaspar
Published: November 2021

In this work, we review the most important achievements of an INESC TEC long-period-grating-based fiber optic Michelson and Mach–Zehnder configuration modal interferometer with coherence addressing and heterodyne interrogation as a sensing structure for measuring environmental refractive index and temperature. The theory for Long Period Grating (LPG) interferometers and coherence addressing and heterodyne interrogation is presented. To increase the sensitivity to external refractive index and temperature, several LPG interferometers parameters are studied, including order of cladding mode, a reduction of the fiber diameter, different type of fiber, cavity length and the antisymmetric nature of cladding modes.
Optimization of the Outlet Flow Ratio of Mini-Hydrocyclone Separators Using the Full Factorial Design Method to Determine the Separation Efficiency
Authors: Yi Hyung-Wook , Kwon Je-Young , Lee Yu-Wool , Kang Myung-Chang
Published: November 2021

Cyclone separators are widely used to eliminate particles flowing through pipelines in equipment from various industrial processes. Unlike general filters, cyclone separators can constantly and effectively eliminate foreign substances present in the fluid flowing through the equipment. In this study, we fabricated mini-hydrocyclone separators using the 3D printing method for application in the steam and water analysis system (SWAS) in a thermal power plant instead of the conventional strainer filter. The gravimetric method was used to measure the separation efficiency of the hydrocyclone separators and compare the weights of the sludge discharged from the underflow and overflow outlets. The outlet flow ratio was optimized by adjusting the diameters of the spigot and vortex finder of the separators, which influenced the outlet flow rate. To apply the gravimetric method more objectively, the optimum values of the diameters of the vortex finder and spigot with an outlet flow ratio of 1 were determined using full factorial design (FFD) in the design of experiments (DOE). The obtained values were verified through numerical analysis using the ANSYS Fluent software. Furthermore, after fabrication of the mini-hydrocyclone separators using an SLA-type 3D printer, we conducted a numerical analysis, and the results were compared with that of the actual experiment. It was observed that the use of FFD can effectively optimize the desired outlet flow ratio in the mini-hydrocyclone separator. In addition, the changes in the outlet flow ratio do not affect the separation efficiency of the cyclone separators.
The One Standard Error Rule for Model Selection: Does It Work?
Authors: Chen Yuchen , Yang Yuhong
Published: November 2021

Previous research provided a lot of discussion on the selection of regularization parameters when it comes to the application of regularization methods for high-dimensional regression. The popular “One Standard Error Rule” (1se rule) used with cross validation (CV) is to select the most parsimonious model whose prediction error is not much worse than the minimum CV error. This paper examines the validity of the 1se rule from a theoretical angle and also studies its estimation accuracy and performances in applications of regression estimation and variable selection, particularly for Lasso in a regression framework. Our theoretical result shows that when a regression procedure produces the regression estimator converging relatively fast to the true regression function, the standard error estimation formula in the 1se rule is justified asymptotically. The numerical results show the following: 1. the 1se rule in general does not necessarily provide a good estimation for the intended standard deviation of the cross validation error. The estimation bias can be 50–100% upwards or downwards in various situations; 2. the results tend to support that 1se rule usually outperforms the regular CV in sparse variable selection and alleviates the over-selection tendency of Lasso; 3. in regression estimation or prediction, the 1se rule often performs worse. In addition, comparisons are made over two real data sets: Boston Housing Prices (large sample size n, small/moderate number of variables p) and Bardet–Biedl data (large p, small n). Data guided simulations are done to provide insight on the relative performances of the 1se rule and the regular CV.
Post-Syrian War Residential Heritage Transformations in the Old City of Aleppo: Socio-Cultural Sustainability Aspects
Authors: Kousa Christine , Pottgiesser Uta , Lubelli Barbara
Published: November 2021

The rehabilitation and sustainable transformation of residential heritage of the Old City of Aleppo (Syria) is one of the most pressing issues to regain the livability of this city. This research paper aims to gain insight into the residents’ conditions and needs by studying/mapping/analyzing the status of the residential heritage and the interventions on it during the aftermath of the city’s devastation. It also intends to provide a better understanding of the residents’ attitude towards living in the Old City, their expectation for its reconstruction and transformation, and the difficulties they encountered in the process. In fact, in order to start a collective reconstruction and transformation process, it is important to understand the readiness of the inhabitants and their financial capabilities to engage in this process. A combination of research methods was used to explore the above-mentioned issues and their relation to the socio-cultural sustainability. These methods included: gathering data in the field (specifically, Al-Jalloum, Al-Farafra and Al-Aqaba, three neighborhoods in the Old City of Aleppo, were used as case studies), and setting up a questionnaire (Winter 2020) and conducting interviews (Summer 2021) with 39 returnees and their families. AutoCAD and Excel programs were used for data visualization. This research has highlighted the main problems and factors that have affected the interventions on courtyard houses in the Old City of Aleppo since 2012—the outbreak of the Syrian War in Aleppo City. Lack of funds and craftmanship, high costs and long bureaucratic procedures related to the enforcement of the regulations have been identified as the main causes that discouraged the residents to carry out repairs in a proper way.
The Unwanted Heritage of Prefabricated Wartime Air Raid Shelters—Underground Space Regeneration Feasibility for Urban Agriculture to Enhance Neighbourhood Community Engagement
Authors: Matacz Paweł , Świątek Leszek
Published: November 2021

The article deals with the problematic heritage associated with the system of Nazi German underground air raid shelters currently located within the Polish state, in the Baltic port city of Szczecin. The unwanted heritage has been inventoried, archival materials collected, and comparative analyses made of ways in which the underground space can be revitalised. An attempt was made to develop a typology of existing shelters and their locations. In order to overcome the negative associations with the warlike military space, positive system solutions were sought for the productive use of existing concrete structures located underground in central, easily accessible areas of the city districts. A process of upcycling the space was used to make ecologically efficient use of the material resources contained in the shelters. In order to activate the local community, a modular, hydroponic plant-growing system, adapted to the prefabricated spaces of the historical air raid shelters, was proposed. In this way, the central location of the underground structures within the boundaries of residential neighbourhoods was exploited. Such action strengthens the food sovereignty of the inhabitants, initiates bottom-up activity within the boundaries of the neighbourhood unit, and builds social ties in the spirit of a regenerative economy and positive sustainability.
Government Policy and Performance of Agricultural Cooperatives: A Case Study in Chitwan District, Nepal
Authors: Dhakal Dinesh , O’Brien David , Mueser Peter
Published: November 2021

Agricultural cooperatives are producer-owned and controlled organizations to improve farmers’ livelihoods by correcting market failure. They support collective activities where individual incentives are insufficient to produce public goods. The government of Nepal has been investing economic resources in this sector, prioritizing cooperatives as part of a strategy for poverty reduction. This study examines poor farmers’ access to agricultural cooperatives and the impact of membership on farm and total household income, based on a household survey of 572 households and key informant interviews of 37 cooperative managers. The ethnicity of the family and the neighborhood, smallholder land size, distance to an agricultural cooperative, distance to the nearest local market, and distance to a motorable road are key determinants that influence cooperative membership. The analysis of the effects of cooperative membership is based on propensity score matching, controlling for a large array of household and community characteristics. The estimates imply that cooperative membership may significantly affect family net crop income, but the overall effects on total family income are modest. Agricultural cooperatives appear to be focused on financial services such as savings and credit activities but are less concerned with agricultural production, and cooperatives engage in almost no marketing activities.
Mifepristone Directly Disrupts Mouse Embryonic Development in Terms of Cellular Proliferation and Maturation In Vitro
Authors: Su Yu-Ting , Chen Jia-Shing , Tsai Yi-Ru , Lan Kuo-Chung , Wu Cheng-Chun , Huang Fu-Jen
Published: November 2021

Mifepristone (RU-486), a synthetic steroid with potent antiprogestogen and anti-glucocorticoid properties, has been widely used in clinical practice. Its effect on the endometrium, ovary, and fallopian tube has been well reported in many human and animal studies. However, its direct impact on post-implantation embryos remains underexplored. Additionally, some women choose to keep their pregnancy after mifepristone treatment fails. Thus, the potential risk remains controversial. Hence, this study investigated the direct effects of mifepristone on the development of mice blastocysts in vitro in terms of implantation and post-implantation. We detected the level of progesterone (P4) associated with ovulation in vivo. The presence of progesterone receptors (PRs) in blastocysts and post-implantation embryos was also evaluated. Cultured embryos were treated directly with mifepristone. We further examined embryonic implantation and post-implantation of blastocysts in vitro to evaluate the direct effects of mifepristone on embryos by the assessment of embryonic outgrowth and differential cell staining. In the oviduct lumen, the P4 level dramatically increased at 48 h and slightly decreased at 72 and 96 h following ovulation. PR was expressed in blastocysts not only in the preimplantation stage but also in the early post-implantation period. In the evaluation of developmental stages, mifepristone significantly reduced the successful ratio of developing into the late egg cylinder and the early somite stage. In addition, it further decreased the cell number of the embryos’ inner cell mass and trophectoderm. We herein provide evidence that mifepristone affects blastocyst viability directly and inhibits post-implantation embryo development in vitro. Furthermore, our data reveal a potential risk of fetus fatality and developmental problems when pregnancies are continued after mifepristone treatment fails.
From “Transient Hemiopsia” to Migraine Aura
Authors: Weatherall Mark William
Published: November 2021

This paper outlines the historical development of the concept of the visual aura of migraine, from the first comprehensive published description by the physician Hubert Airy, in 1870. Airy’s description of the phenomenon he called “transient hemiopsia” became widely copied and highly influential as a consequence of the language and images that he used in his presentation. This paper outlines the subsequent development of theories of aura from the time of Airy’s publication to the first demonstration of spreading oligaemia by Lautitzen and Olesen in the 1980s.
Water Quality Evaluation Method Based on a T-S Fuzzy Neural Network—Application in Water Environment Trend Analysis of Taihu Lake Basin
Authors: Ye Wei , Song Wei , Cui Chen-Feng , Wen Jia-Hao
Published: November 2021

In response to the problems of large computational volume and tedious computational process of fuzzy integrated evaluation, and general neural network models without clear water quality training criteria, this paper organically combines fuzzy rules, affiliation function, and neural network, and proposes a comprehensive method for the evaluation of water quality based on a T-S fuzzy neural network. On the three water quality monitoring data of six national key monitoring stations in Taihu Lake Basin, three evaluation methods—the one-factor evaluation method, the fuzzy integrated evaluation method, and the T-S fuzzy neural network evaluation method—were used to comprehensively evaluate water environment quality, and the results showed that the T-S fuzzy neural network method has the advantages of convenient calculation, strong applicability, and scientific results.
DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF THE IMPORTED HOLSTEIN CATTLE OF THE NORTHERN EUROPEAN BREEDING
Authors: ТЯПУГИН С.Е. , МЕЩЕРОВ Р.К. , ХОДЫКОВ В.П. , МЕЩЕРОВ Ш.Р. , ДУНИН М.И.
Published: November 2021

Проведена сравнительная оценка крупного рогатого скота молочного направления продуктивности, завозимого в Российскую Федерацию из стран-экспортеров. Мониторинг объемов поставок за 2020 год свидетельствует, что в регионы страны было ввезено 36787 племенных нетелей голштинской породы. Из 9 стран — экспортеров голштинского скота в Российскую Федерацию к основным поставщикам относятся: Дания, Германия и Венгрия. В общем объеме импорта голштинского скота на российском рынке лидирует племенной скот североевропейской селекции, поставляемый из Дании: 13169 голов, или 35,8% от ввозимого объема. Голштинский скот датской селекции обладает отличительными особенностями: низкий уровень инбридинга, крепкое здоровье, высокая фертильность, небольшая живая масса, лучшая конверсия корма в сырое молоко. Данные признаки, присущие скоту молочного направления продуктивности датской селекции, подтверждаются в научных исследованиях отечественных ученых и при разведении этих животных в условиях промышленного молочного производства в различных регионах страны.

A comparative assessment of dairy cattle imported to the Russian Federation from exporting countries is carried out. Monitoring of the volumes of supplies for 2020 indicates that 36,787 breeding heifers of the Holstein breed were imported into the regions of the country Of the 9 countries that export Holstein cattle to the Russian Federation, the main suppliers are Denmark, Germany and Hungary. In the total volume of imports of Holstein cattle on the Russian market, pedigree cattle of Northern European selection, supplied from Denmark, are in the lead: 13169 heads, or 35.8% of the imported volume. Holstein cattle selection has distinctive features: low inbreeding, good health, high fertility, low live weight, the best conversion of feed into raw milk, confirmed by many years of scientific research by SEGES and VikingGenetics using the NTM breeding assessment system. These features, inherent in dairy cattle in the productivity of Danish selection, are confirmed in scientific research by domestic scientists and in the breeding of these animals in the conditions of industrial dairy production in various regions of the country.
COMPLEX FEED ADDITIVE TO NORMALIZE METABOLIC PROCESSES OF COWS
Authors: БОГОЛЮБОВА Н.В. , РЫКОВ Р.А.
Published: November 2021

Изучен способ нормализации обменных процессов и повышения продуктивности молочных коров при использовании комплекса биологически активных веществ. Эксперимент проведен на коровах голштинской породы (n=12) с продуктивностью за предыдущую лактацию 9000 кг молока. За 20 дней до отела и в течение 65 дней после коровы опытной группы получали комплексную кормовую добавку (ККД), включающую минерал шунгит, холин в «защищенной» форме, пробиотик «Целлобактерин+» и жмых льняной, в количестве 200 г на голову в сутки в смеси с концентратами. Для изучения обменных процессов в организме коров (n=5) в конце опыта отобраны пробы крови и определены основные биохимические показатели. Для оценки продуктивных качеств проводили контрольные дойки. Отмечено повышение в крови коров опытной группы концентрации общего белка на 2,8%, глюкозы — на 26,8% (P≤0,01), фосфолипидов — на 15,2% (P≤0,05), снижение мочевины на 23,6% (P≤0,05), билирубина — на 23,8% (P≤0,01), активности АЛТ на 13,11 (P≤0,05), АСТ — на 14,6% (P≤0,05). Использование ККД позволило снизить и привести в норму активность ферментов: лактатдегидрогеназы (ЛДГ), гаммаглутаминтрансферазы (ГГТ), креатинкиназы. Повышение интенсивности обменных процессов и нормализация показателей, характеризующих работу печени с использованием в питании комплекса биологически активных веществ ферментно-пробиотического, антиоксидантного и липотропно-гепатопротекторного действия, привело к повышению молочной продуктивности.

A method of normalizing metabolic processes and increasing the productivity of dairy cows using a complex of biologically active substances has been studied. The experiment was carried out on Holstein cows (n = 12) with a productivity for the previous lactation of 9000 kg of milk. 20 days before calving and within 65 days after the cows of the experimental group received a complex feed supplement (CFS), including the mineral shungite, choline in a "protected" form, the probiotic "Cellobacterin +" and flaxseed cake, in an amount of 200 g per head per day mixed with concentrates. To study metabolic processes in the body of cows (n = 5), at the end of the experiment, blood samples were taken and the main biochemical parameters were determined. To assess the productive qualities, control milking was carried out. An increase in the blood of cows of the experimental group was noted in the concentration of total protein by 2.8%, glucose - by 26.8% (P≤0.01), phospholipids — by 15.2% (P≤0.05), a decrease in urea by 23,6% (P≤0.05), bilirubin - by 23.8% (P≤0.01), ALT activity by 13.11 (P≤0.05), AST — by 14.6% (P≤ 0.05). The use of CFS made it possible to reduce and normalize the activity of enzymes: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma glutamine transferase (GGT), creatine kinase. An increase in the intensity of metabolic processes and the normalization of indicators characterizing the work of the liver with the use of a complex of biologically active substances of enzymatic-probiotic, antioxidant and lipotropic-hepatoprotective action in the diet led to an increase in milk productivity.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE DRY SUBTROPICAL CLIMATE OF AZERBAIJAN ON THE DURATION OF PREGNANCY OF HEIFERS AND THEIR DAUGHTERS OF THE HOLSTEIN BREED OF GERMAN BREEDING
Authors: АБИЛОВ А.И. , АБИЛОВА С.Ф. , НОВГОРОДОВА И.П.
Published: November 2021

Работа посвящена изучению воспроизводительной способности как критерия адаптации животных голштинской породы черно-пестрой масти немецкой селекции в условиях сухого субтропического климата Азербайджана. В контрольную группу (n=79) вошли нетели, импортированные с 3—4-месячной стельностью из Германии, выросшие в умеренно-континентальном мягком климате. В условиях Азербайджана их адаптационный период начался в возрасте 18—24 мес. Опытная группа состояла из нетелей (n=79), рожденных в Азербайджане от животных контрольной группы. Были изучены воспроизводительные показатели: возраст первого осеменения, продолжительность стельности, возраст первого отела. Телята опытной группы за счет сухого субтропического, умеренно-жаркого климата быстрее росли и достигали возраста первого осеменения и отела. У 64% животных опытной группы возраст первого осеменения составлял до 500 суток, в то же время в контрольной группе только 48% телок были осеменены к этому возрасту. Разница составила 16%. У 29% животных опытной группы продолжительность стельности составила менее 270 дней, в то время как в контроле — только 21% (P<0,01). Потомство, полученное в условиях Азербайджана от импортных матерей, по сравнению с ними отличалось более ранней половой зрелостью и более коротким сроком плодоношения.

The work is devoted to the study of reproductive ability as a criterion for the adaptation of animals of the Holstein breed of the black-and-white suit of German breeding in the conditions of the dry subtropical climate of Azerbaijan. The control group (n=79) included heifers imported with a 3—4-month pregnancy from Germany, who grew up in a temperate continental mild climate. In the conditions of Azerbaijan, their adaptation period began at the age of 18—24 months. The experimental group consisted of heifers (n=79) born in Azerbaijan from animals of the control group. Reproductive indicators were studied: the age of the first insemination, the duration of pregnancy, the age of the first calving. The calves of the experimental group grew faster due to the dry subtropical, moderately hot climate and reached the age of the first insemination and calving. In 64% of the animals of the experimental group, the age of the first insemination was up to 500 days, while in the control group only 48% of heifers were inseminated by this age. The difference was 16%. In 29% of the animals of the experimental group, the duration of pregnancy was less than 270 days, while in the control — only 21% (P<0.01). The offspring obtained in Azerbaijan from imported mothers, in comparison with them, differed in earlier sexual maturity and a shorter period of fruiting.
Rapid molecular detection and isolation of canine distemper virus in naturally infected dogs
Authors: SALTIK Hasbi Sait , KALE Mehmet
Published: November 2021

The canine distemper virus (CDV), which infects dogs and a broad range of animal species, remains a serious concern in Türkiye and across the world. The current study shows that CDV can be detected and isolated rapidly and specifically in naturally infected dogs. Whole blood, nasal swab, ocular swab, rectal swab, and urine samples from 50 stray dogs were used in the study (n = 250). The presence of the CDV genome was confirmed in 105 (42%) samples using one-Step real-time RT-PCR. In total, 39 dogs were diagnosed with CDV infection based on the detection of cytopathic effects in MDCK, which was verified by the fluorescent antibody technique. A total of 12 one-Step real-time RT-PCR negative samples, consisting of 4 rectal swabs and 8 urine samples, were found to be positive by virus isolation. Blood, nasal swab, ocular swab (P<0.01, r = 1), rectal swab (P<0.01, r = 0.844), and urine samples (P<0.01, r = 0.697) all showed positive correlations in the tests for viral genome detection and virus isolation. CPE levels of high 37 (31.62%), medium 26 (22.23%) and low 54 (46.15%) were detected in a total of 117 (46.8%) samples with viral growth in cell culture. The highest CPE levels detected by FAT were for rectal swab and urine samples. In conclusion, the one-step real-time RT-PCR method on rectal swab samples proved to be a very sensitive method for the rapid and reliable CDV detection. Besides, non-modified MDCK can be used to isolate CDV from naturally infected dogs.
Peningkatan Daya Saing UKM Sehati Melalui Optimalisasi Penggunaan Teknologi dan Pengelolaan Manajerial
Authors: Ginanjar Yogi , Hernita Nita , Riyadi Wulan
Published: November 2021

UKM Sehati which is used as a partner in this PKM has problems that are of special concern to find solutions. Partners do not have permanent employees who can maintain product quality, so processed products are often different from the previous taste and texture. Employees do not have extensive knowledge of recording and bookkeeping, so that the resulting financial statements are not in accordance with accounting standards. The production equipment used is still simple, both for processing aleksis (krispi catfish) and shredded catfish. The sealer machine for gluing the packaging is too small, causing the product resistance to be not optimal. The marketing that has been done has not touched the online market. The product does not yet have a halal label and nutritional value information so that the product cannot enter minimarkets and even supermarkets. Mitra's knowledge of catfish farming as a raw material has not been maximized, which causes the catfish mortality rate to reach 15%. Based on the findings regarding the problem, the priority is to find solutions to problems in improving various aspects. Among them are managerial aspects related to finance and human resources in an effort to increase community capacity. Furthermore, the technological aspects in an effort to improve product quality. Changes in marketing aspects towards digitalization and broader marketing aspects by obtaining halal labels and information on nutritional values. The specific goals and targets in this community service are to assist Sehati SMEs in improving product quality and competitiveness through the use of technology and managerial management. The method used in an effort to implement the solution above is by holding partner bookkeeping training every 2 weeks, training on the use of deep frying machines, ADR MPD 140 machines and sealer machines (so that product durability is longer and the production process is more effective and efficient), making management information system, create social media (facebook and instagram), join various e-commerce (shopee, Bukalapak, tokopedia and others), create product information website, participate in culinary exhibitions and bazaars, facilitate the inclusion of halal logos and value information nutrition in packaging, and holding training on catfish farming so that the results are maximized. The output produced is in the form of publications in the form of journals and intellectual property rights.
Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pemanfaatan Program Pengelolaan Penyakit Kronis (Prolanis) pada lansia di Puskesmas Darussalam Medan
Authors: Ginting Rapael , Hutagalung Priscilla Grace J , Hartono Hartono , Manalu Putranto
Published: November 2021

Penyakit hipertensi dan diabetes melitus termasuk penyakit terbanyak pada kelompok lanjut usia di Indonesia, yaitu sebesar 57,6% pada penyakit hipertensi dan 4,8% pada penyakit diabetes melitus. Dalam upaya pengelolaan penyakit kronis yang cenderung meningkat. BPJS Kesehatan menyelenggarakan program untuk menangani masalah penyakit kronis seperti hipertensi dan diabetes melitus tipe 2 yang bertujuan mendorong peserta penyandang penyakit kronis mencapai kualitas hidup optimal sehingga dapat mencegah timbulnya komplikasi penyakit. Survei awal yang dilakukan peneliti pada bulan Januari tahun 2019 terhadap penderita penyakit kronis di Puskesmas Darussalam menunjukkan bahwa rendahnya kunjungan masyarakat terhadap Program Pengelolaan Pengelolaan Penyakit Kronis (Prolanis) hal ini disebabkan oleh kurangnya dukungan keluarga dimana beberapa pasien datang berkunjung tanpa ada pendamping/keluarga. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pemanfaatan Prolanis pada lansia di Puskesmas Darussalam Medan. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian survey analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh penderita hipertensi dan diabetes mellitus baik yang mengikuti kegiatan Prolanis maupun tidak mengikuti kegiatan Prolanis di Puskesmas Darussalam dengan teknik pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling dan diperoleh besar sampel yaitu sebanyak 92 responden. Data diuji dengan Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan antara pengetahuan (0,003) dan dukungan keluarga (0,001) terhadap pemanfaatan Prolanis. Dapat disimpulkan pemanfaatan Prolanis di Puskesmas Darussalam Medan dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan dan dukungan keluarga responden, sedangkan peran petugas dan kebutuhan akan pelayanan tidak berpengaruh signifikan.
Tindakan pencegahan infeksi silang kepaniteraan klinik mahasiswa di RSGM Universitas Prima Indonesia
Authors: Hutajulu Yohanes , Hutagalung Mangatas Halomoan Parluhutan , Molek Molek
Published: November 2021

Banyak tenaga medis dan pasien di kedokteran gigi yang beresiko tertular penyakit infeksi. Dokter gigi muda rentan mengalami infeksi silang selama memberikan perawatan pada pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat pengetahuan dan tindakan pencegahan infeksi silang kepaniteraan klinik RSGM Universitas Prima Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan survei analitik dengan desain cross sectional yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan dan tindakan pencegahan infeksi silang kepanite-raan klinik RSGM Universitas Prima Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan di RSGM Universitas Prima Indonesia pada bulan Maret 2021. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa kepaniteraan klinik RSGM FKG Universitas Prima Indonesia  yaitu sebanyak 100 orang. Dari hasil perhitungan sampel dengan menggunakan rumus Slovin maka sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 80 orang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan, maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa mayoritas mahasiswa kepaniteraan klinik RSGM Universitas Prima Indonesia pengetahuan dan tindakan pencegahan infeksi silang berturut-turut pada kategori baik (95%) dan kategori cukup (80%).
Isolasi Lactobacillus sp dari susu segar kemasan dan uji antimikroba terhadap bakteri patogen Salmonella sp dan Streptococcus mutan
Authors: Lubis Adhayani , Natali Oliviti , Arhamni Ade , Masyitah Masyitah , Ariyanto Ariyanto , Marpaung Hans Hotma Haposan , Panjaitan Linda
Published: November 2021

Nilai gizi yang tinggi pada susu merupakan media yang baik untuk pertumbuhan berbagai macam mikroorganisme, baik yang menguntungkan maupun yang dapat membahayakan manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kemampuan Lactobacillus sp  yang diisolasi dari susu segar terhadap bakteri patogen Gram (+) dan Gram (-) yaitu Salmonella sp, Streptococcus mutan secara in vitro. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan total populasi BAL pada susu segar kemasan adalah 200x108 CFU/g. Pada pewarnaan Gram menujukkan hasil pewarnaan Gram yang positif, sedangkan pada uji katalase menjukkan reaksi yang negatif dan uji aktivitas antimikroba yang menggunakan metode difusica kram MRS broth. Susu segar kemasan mampu menghambat Salmonella sp dengan zona hambat tertinggi adalah 11,925 mm sedangkan pada Streptococcus mutans mampu menghambat dengan zona tertinggi yaitu 13,45 mm.
Uji efektifitas antibakteri ekstrak daun jambu biji (Psidium guajava) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Bacillus cereus
Authors: Natali Oliviti , Tarigan Antje Irmella , Sarumpaet Elpina , Salim Susanto , Dewani Yunita , Hanida Wika , Yensuari Yensuari
Published: November 2021

Jambu biji (Psidium guajava L) secara medis banyak mengandung senyawa kimia yang berkhasiat (flavonoid, saponin, tanin, alkaloid dan minyak atsiri). Senyawa-senyawa tersebut diduga mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Bacillus cereus, yakni bakteri yang mengkontaminasi makanan serta menghasilkan racun penyebab diare. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan pengaruh ekstrak daun jambu biji terhadap pertumbuhan Bacillus cereus serta menentukan konsentrasi ekstrak daun jambu biji yang paling optimal dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Bacillus cereus. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan sistematis lengkap dengan 13 perlakuan dengan 3 pengulangan, yaitu pemberian kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, ekstrak murni, serta ekstrak daun jambu biji dengan pelarut 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%,70%, 80%, 90% dan 100%. Data yang diperoleh berupa diameter zona hambat, dianalisis menggunakan uji Kruskall Wallis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun jambu biji pada semua konsentrasi berpengaruh pada pertumbuhan Bacillus cereus dengan konsentrasi paling optimal yaitu sampai 100% yang menghasilkan diameter zona hambat sebesar 13 mm. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi konsentrasi ekstrak daun jambu biji, maka daya hambatnya terhadap pertumbuhan Bacillus cereus juga semakin tinggi.
Cemşîd’in Yolculuğu: “Cemşîd ü Hurşîd” Mesnevîsinin Joseph Campbell’in Monomit Kuramına Göre İncelenmesi
Authors: POLAT AKTAŞ Neslihan
Published: November 2021

Joseph Campbell (ö. 1987), analitik psikoloji alanının mühim isimlerinden biri olan Carl Gustav Jung’un (ö. 1961) “arketip” tespitleri arasından “kahraman arketipi” üzerinde detaylı bir inceleme yapmıştır. Bilhassa mitler, efsaneler ve destanlardan aldığı örnekleri mukayese ederek bu anlatılar arasındaki ortaklık ve benzerlikleri tespit etmeye çalışmıştır. Campbell, farklı kültür ve tarihlere ait birbirinden çeşitli anlatılardaki bu ortaklık ya da benzerliklerden yola çıkarak “monomit kuramı”nı geliştirmiştir. Bu kuramın ortaya koyulmasında Jung’un “kolektif bilinçdışı” kavramını esas alan Campbell, birçok anlatının kahramanının aynı döngüsel çevrim içinde yol aldığını tespit etmiş ve bu ortaklıktaki evrensel sembollerin analizini yapmıştır. “Monomit kuramı” ve “arketipsel sembolizm” gibi kavramlar bugün pek çok kurgusal metni çözümlemede bir araç olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada da Cemşîd ü Hurşîd mesnevîsi, kahraman arketipi üzerinden “yola çıkış - erginlenme - geri dönüş” aşamaları bağlamında incelenmiştir. Böylece bahsi geçen döngüsel çevrimde ilerleyen bir kahraman olarak Cemşîd’in yolculuğu sırasında karşılaştığı eşik ve sınavlar ile nihayetinde elde ettiği zaferin sembolik dili çözümlenmeye çalışılmıştır.
МЕДІАЦІЇ ЯК СПОСІБ ПРОФІЛАКТИКИ КОНФЛІКТІВ У СФЕРІ ДЕРЖАВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ
Authors: Voloshyn Volodimer , Mustafayeva Urie S.
Published: November 2021

У статті подано аналіз соціальної та правової природи медіації та можливостей медіації, як способу запобігання, вирішення спорів (конфліктів) в системі державного управління. Доводиться, що українська держава усвідомлює роль медіації у вирішенні соціально значущих завдань. Суттю медіації як соціального явища, є те що цей метод орієнтований на розв’язання спорів у позасудовому порядку, на досягнення консенсусу, згоди різних суперечливих поглядів, позицій, вирішення спірних ситуацій. Позитивним є той факт, що цей інструмент, як альтернативний спосіб превентивної профілактики запобігання спорам (конфліктам), шляхом врахування інтересів кожної сторони та досягненням компромісного рішення є затребуваним в суспільстві.
Аналіз законодавства показав, що на шляху запровадження практики медіації вже зроблено чималі кроки, але цього недостатньо. Необхідно прийняти спеціальний закон про медіацію, та внести зміни до законодавства.  Прийняття закону сприятиме професійної організації та введення в широку практику на всіх рівнях влади та громадянського суспільства інституту медіації,яке стане додатковим механізмом вирішення спорів, налагодження комунікації та пошуку компромісних і спільно вироблених консенсусних рішень між органами влади і суспільством.
Використання медіації в системі державного управління дозволить: узгодити інтереси та дотриматися балансу інтересів у будь-якій сфері суспільних відносин; посилить організаційний потенціал суб’єктів управління; зміцніть координацію дій і зближення стратегій наявних інститутів державної влади та управління; підвищить соціальну стабільність в суспільстві та знизять конфліктогенність в соціуме; забезпечить збалансованість державно-управлінських відносин тощо.
Якщо говорити про перспективи подальших розвідок, то на наш погляд вони повинні стосуватися вивчення можливостей застосування медіації в самих різних сферах діяльності і суспільного життя, в тому числі вивчення можливостей застосування медіації як альтернативного способу запобігання спорам (конфліктам) в процесах владно-управлінської діяльності.
БРЕНДИНГ ТЕРИТОРІЇ ГРОМАДИ – МЕХАНІЗМ ФОРМУВАННЯ ЛОКАЛЬНОЇ ІДЕНТИЧНОСТІ ТА ФАКТОР КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ
Authors: Yevtushenko Aleksandr , Suslov Mykola , Verba Svitlana
Published: November 2021

У статті розглянутий взаємозв’язок між брендингом території у новостворених об’єднаних територіальних громадах (далі ОТГ) та формуванням локальної ідентичності ОТГ як фактора її конкурентоспроможності.
Надано визначення понять «бренд» та «брендинг», які пропонуються вітчизняною на зарубіжною науковими школами. Доведено, що брендинг території ОТГ – це своєрідна стратегія, спрямована на поліпшення іміджу адміністративно-територіальної одиниці для залучення інвесторів, туристів, бізнесменів. Виділено функції бренду території ОТГ, які стосуються користувача (ідентифікації, персоналізації, гарантії, спрощення рішення та задоволення) і зазначено, що ефективне просування бренду залежить від інвестицій вкладених в його первісне просування, насамперед, в інформативну рекламу.
Доведено, що локальна ідентичність, як місце проживання, територія, що має певні відмінності, характеристики і стає брендом, а брендинг – механізм спрямований на згуртування локальних співтовариств, що проживають на території ОТГ, формування уявлення про власну ідентичність до цієї території. У статті бренди окремих територій громад визначені, як локальні бренди, що характеризують ментальність місцевого населення, його наближеність до культурних та історичних традицій, що обумовлене природно-географічними, економічними, історичними та соціально-культурними факторами. Зроблено акцент на використанні логотипу та інших візуальних атрибутів бренду громади для посилення локальної ідентичності, тобто самоототожнення індивідів з місцевим співтовариством, заснованої на культурно-психологічній єдності населення. Бренд території ОТГ є інструментом реалізації стратегії розвитку громади, тому що акумулює інтереси її населення, інвесторів, бізнесу, влади, і, таким чином, виступає фактором конкурентоспроможності.
ТЕОРЕТИКО-МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ ОСНОВИ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ КРИЗ У ПУБЛІЧНОМУ УПРАВЛІННІ
Authors: Sokolov Alexander
Published: November 2021

Мета статті полягає у визначенні теоретико-методологічних основ дослідження криз у публічному управлінні. Методологічну основу дослідження становлять загальні теоретичні методи (аналізу та синтезу), а також принципи історизму, об’єктивності та науковості. Наукова новизна полягає в унікальному авторському визначенні та аналізі криз у публічному управлінні. Висновки.  Досліджено, що криза у загальному розумінні ‒ це нестабільний або критичний період, що неминуче призводить до змін й містить високу ймовірність вкрай небажаних наслідків. У свою чергу, «криза публічного управління» - це особлива форма системи органів державної влади та громадянського суспільства, що супроводжується нестабільністю, зниженням рівня керованості соціально-економічного процесами, розбалансованістю політичних інститутів, загостренням соціальних конфліктів, наростанням протиріч в суспільстві тощо. Така криза призводить до зниження результативності та ефективності управлінського впливу на соціально-економічні процеси.
Визначено основні ознаки кризи публічного управління. По-перше, це загострення економічних і соціальних конфліктів. По-друге, це нездатність державної влади керувати  конфліктами та регулювати соціально-економічні процеси і відносини колишніми традиційними методами.  
Розглянуто кризу як складний феномен, що охоплює широкий спектр подій. Ці події можуть відрізнятися за своїм масштабом, причинами, тривалістю, серйозністю наслідків тощо, однак їх єднає те, що вони становлять загрозу основним інтересам й репутації організації, уряду чи держави, потребують негайного реагування й застосування нетрадиційних засобів врегулювання, суттєво змінюють ситуацію, нормальний хід життя суспільства й відносини між учасниками конфлікту. Проаналізовано, що кризи публічного управління бувають як легкі так і глибокі, як короткочасні так і затяжні, як локальні так і суцільні, як приховані так і явні, як гострі так і хронічні. З’ясовано, що у разі ігнорування або несвоєчасного реагування на кризи, вони здатні не лише завдати матеріальних збитків, але й негативно вплинути на цілі організації та держави.
Biosensor Devices in the Production of Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Beverages
Authors: Antonova Hanna , Babenko Yevgenia , Voronenko Oleksandr , Galelyuka Igor , Kedych Anna , Kovyrova Oleksandra
Published: November 2021

"Smart" multisensors and biosensor systems based on modern information and communication technologies make it possible to qualitatively improve the parameters of testing systems for biologically active, chemical and toxic substances and biological or biophysical objects, improve parameter control, data processing and analysis in digital agriculture, food industry, environmental monitoring and other areas of human activity. These next-generation devices combine biologically sensitive elements with converters of biophysical signals into electrical digital signals. The article reveals the basic principles of construction of biosensor devices, their practical implementation and application. The own results of development of a wireless network of "smart" multisensors and biosensor devices for express diagnostics of a condition of grape and fruit crops and control of process of production of wine are presented. In order to test the capabilities of the unit of measurement, a number of experimental works were performed. To perform such work, it was first necessary to develop a new embedded software for the microprocessor of Analog Devices ADuCM350, and the corresponding user software for the OS Windows 10. Experiments were performed using disposable sensors based on the enzyme glucose oxidase to measure the sugar content in glucose and wine solution. A review and analysis of modern biosensor devices used in the production of alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Beverages were done. The comparative table of analyzers for different studies based on biosensors is made. Development and preparation for mass production of "smart" biosensors, biosensor devices and networks based on them is in line with global scientific and technological trends of today and, of course, the near future. Keywords: biosensors, ammetric transducers, wireless sensor network, express diagnostics of grape and berry crops.
STUDY OF DIFFUSION PROCESSES IN A MULTILAYER TITANIUM-STEEL COMPOSITE UNDER LONG HEATING
Authors: Arisova V. N. , Gurevich L. M. , Trudov A. F. , Kharlamov V. O. , Tverdysheva D. D.
Published: November 2021

The paper presents the results of studies of diffusion processes in a five-layer explosion-welded composite titanium VT-20+steel 08Cr18Ni10Ti after heat treatment at temperatures of 850 and 900 ° C and holding times of 20-100 hours. The features of the formation of the microstructure, microhardness, and the chemical composition of the diffusion zones of the composite have been studied using optical and electron microscopy and X-ray spectral analysis.
RESEARCH OF LOW TEMPERATURE NITROCARBURIZING TECHNOLOGY FOR COMPLEX HARDENING OF MACHINE PARTS
Authors: Teldekov V. A. , Gurevich L. M.
Published: November 2021

The study of changes in the microstructure, thickness of the ε-phase and the hardness of diffusion coatings obtained by varying the temperature in the process of low-temperature nitrocarburizing was carried out. Studies have shown the possibility, through the use of low-temperature nitrocarburizing technology, to reduce the labor intensity of technological operations, shorten the processing time and reduce energy consumption.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN DERMATITIS PADA PEDAGANG IKAN DI PASAR TRADISIONAL KOTA KISARAN KABUPATEN ASAHAN
Authors: Sirait Reni Aprinawaty , Siregar Anita Oktaviana
Published: November 2021

Occupational illness is a disease that arises as a result of exposure to risk factors derived from work. Occupational diseases become one of the diseases that can be experienced by workers in their work, occupational diseases caused by work attitudes can be influenced by improper activities, such as misplaced when bagging fish by not using personal protective equipment so that the risk of dermatitis disease occurs in fish traders in traditional markets. This study aims to find out the factors associated with contact dermatitis due to the work of fish traders in the traditional market of the city of asahan district range. This research is quantitative research with cross sectional sighs conducted in the traditional market of the city range. The population in this study was all fish traders with a total of 52 workers. Samples taken by a total of 34 fishing workers were taken using purposiv sampling techniques. The instrument used is a questionnaire. The test used in this study is using chi-square test. From the results of statistical calculations, if the value of p ≤ α (0.05) means that the hypothesis in this study is shouted that there is a relationship of work attitude, length of work and working period with the incidence of box dermatitis directly on fish traders in the traditional market of the city in the range of 2020. Based on the results of the above research is recommended for the promotion of health and safety, especially regarding the correct work attitude and the dangers of direct contact dermatitis disease that can be experienced more intensively such as holding cooperation between the health service to conduct counseling and for workers to use personal protective equipment such as rubber gloves used as appropriate.
PENGARUH BUERGER ALLEN EXERCISE TERHADAP NILAI ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS
Authors: Simarmata Pratiwi Christa , Sitepu Sari Desi Esta Ulina , Sitepu Abdi Lestari , Hutauruk Ruttama , Butar-butar Rita Ayu
Published: November 2021

Diabetes mellitus is a disorder of the endocrine system characterized by increased levels of glucose in the blood. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of Buerger's Allen exercise on the value of the ankle brachial index (ABI) in patients with diabetes mellitus. The research design was a quasi-experimental pretest and posttest without a control. The study was conducted from March to May 2021 at Grandmed Lubuk Pakam Hospital with 48 respondents, with consecutive sampling technique. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The Buergers Allen exercise intervention was performed twice a day, for three weeks. The procedure is performed by lifting the lower extremities up at an angle of 45-90 degrees for 2-3 minutes, then the patient sits at the bedside with the legs hanging down, accompanied by flexion, extension, pronation and supination movements for 5-10 minutes, and the patient lies down. with both feet resting for 10 minutes. There was a significant effect between the mean ABI value before intervention 0.83 and after intervention 0.95, p=0.00. The difference in mean ABI p=0.000, p<0.05. The results of the study concluded that there was an effect of buerger allen exercise on the ABI value before and after the intervention where the ABI value was getting better. It is recommended for nurses to make Buergers Allen exercise one of the independent nursing interventions in providing nursing care to patients with diabetes mellitus.
PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY FOR VITREOUS HEMORRHAGE IN CIPTOMANGUNKUSUMO HOSPITAL
Authors: Razief Fitri Marsha Alyssa , Yudantha Anggun Rama
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Vitreous hemorrhage is the presence of blood in the vitreous cavity. This condition could impair the visual function and hindered the clinician’s ability to examine the posterior segment of the eye.  Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) not only act as a surgical treatment of choice but also diagnostic procedure. Immediate PPV has the advantage to optimalize visual acuity

Methods: Retrospective descriptive study of vitreous hemorrhage patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy in Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia from January to December 2018

Result: There were 160 cases of vitreous hemorrhage cases undergoes pars plana vitrectomy in 2018. Most frequent etiology was proliferative diabetic retinopathy (49.4%). Rebleeding was found only in 8 cases within the period of three months follow up. Final visual acuity was improved in majority of the cases and found to be related to timing of the surgery.

Conclusion: Early vitrectomy along with systemic control of underlying factors lead to improvement of visual acuity in vitreous hemorrhage.