bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of Apprenticeship Policies in Ghana
Authors: Naa Omai Sawyerr
Published: February 2024

This research explores the intricate landscape of apprenticeship in Ghana, focusing on the traditional apprenticeship system and the contemporary challenges it confronts. Traditional apprenticeships have long served as a fundamental mechanism for skill development, predominantly within the informal sector of the nation. Using a descriptive research approach, this study conducts a comprehensive literature review to elucidate the historical and prevailing policies designed to regulate apprenticeship in Ghana. Findings reveal that issues such as inadequate regulation, financial constraints, and a misalignment between acquired skills and employer expectations have emerged as substantial impediments to the efficacy of the system. In response to these challenges, the Ghanaian government has instigated a series of reform initiatives aimed at fortifying and modernizing the apprenticeship framework. Central to these endeavors are the National Apprenticeship Programme and the Ghana Skills Development Initiative, both seeking to formalize and enhance traditional apprenticeships. The introduction of the National Apprenticeship Policy in 2020 further cements the government's dedication to advancing apprenticeships, with a particular emphasis on competency-based training and greater integration with the formal education system. These policy reforms signify critical strides towards ameliorating the limitations inherent in the current apprenticeship system, ultimately aiming to bolster the employability of young apprentices and foster economic and social development. Effective collaboration among a spectrum of stakeholders, including governmental bodies, Master Crafts Persons, and vocational institutions, assumes paramount importance in the successful implementation and monitoring of these policies.
The Extent to Which Guidance Services in Schools Help Students Choose Their Subjects in Ordinary Level Public Secondary Schools in Mwanga District, Tanzania
Authors: Cresanta G. Massawe  , Dr. Peter Siamoo  , Dr. Gadi.M.Koda
Published: February 2024

This study examined the extent to which guidance services in schools help students choose their subjects in O-level Public Secondary schools in Mwanga District, Tanzania. The Rational Choice Theory guided the study and a convergent research design under mixed methods research approach was adopted. The targeted population was 1 District Secondary Education Officer, 26 heads of secondary schools, 535 subject teachers,  26 Class teachers, 2756 parents and 2756 students. A study employed stratified random, total population and snowball sampling techniques to obtain the sample size of 431 respondents. Data were collected through questionnaires and an interview guide. The content and face validity of the research instruments were ensured by MWECAU research experts. The research instruments were pilot-tested in two O-level public secondary schools. The calculated reliability coefficients for subject teachers and students in Likert items found in questionnaires were 0.832 and 0.765. The trustworthiness of qualitative research instruments was determined through triangulation. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 22 and presented through frequencies, percentages and mean. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The study found that guidance services in schools, to a high extent, facilitate students to choose subjects. The study concluded that guidance services play a crucial role in facilitating students to choose subjects as the majority of subject teachers, some parents and other education stakeholders help students to be aware of the importance of making proper subject selections in relation to their combinations which will lead them into their intended future careers. The study recommends that schools should recognize the importance of guidance services. The government initiatives should, therefore, prepare qualified teacher-guidance from universities and colleges to ensure the effective provision of guidance services in schools on students' subject choices.
Critical Factors Influencing New Product Development Success in Sierra Leone Brewery Limited
Authors: Josephine Mamusu Bangura  , Bulan Prabawani  , Dr. Hari Susanta Nugraha
Published: February 2024

This research investigates the crucial factors that affect new product development (NPD) in the beverage industry, concentrating on Sierra Leone Brewery Limited (SLBL). Acknowledging the inherent risks and uncertainties in NPD, the study seeks to recognize and assess both internal and external factors that influence the success of new product initiatives at SLBL. The analysis examines key elements (timing, pricing, packaging, testing, competition, market selection, promotional strategies, and brand development) to enhance our understanding of factors shaping new product introductions within the company. The study uses a case study approach, analyzing primary and secondary data to understand SLBL's new product development. It employs a phenomenological research approach involving stakeholders like managers, product developers, marketing personnel, and consumers. The study utilizes the supply chain and distribution theory as a theoretical framework to understand the factors influencing new product development in the beverage industry. SLBL adopts a meticulous NPD approach, using feasibility studies for decision-making. The concept development phase outlines a trajectory and collaboration, serving as a blueprint. Crafting business cases ensures strategic alignment, and the asset and recipe development phase emphasizes innovation. In material ordering, production, and sampling, SLBL prioritizes strategic procurement and stringent quality control. The success of the product launch depends on factors like market timing and effective promotional strategies. Diverse research methods contribute to a comprehensive analysis, and strategic recommendations include innovation, rebranding, extensive promotion, repositioning, and careful financial allocation. SLBL's NPD approach reflects strategic foresight and commitment to excellence for sustained success in a competitive market.
Textual Features and Portrayal of Women in the Choice of Cosmetic Products in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Adebola Sarah Michael  , Hellen K. Mberia  , Dr. Joan Mutua
Published: February 2024

The study aimed to examine how advertisers use discourse to make consumers buy into their ideas, beliefs, or simply their products. It was informed by the fact that advertisers use language to influence people, especially women, into purchasing their products even if they may not necessarily be required from the perspective of Critical Discourse Analysis. The objective of the study was to identify the effect of textual features and portrayal of women in the choice of cosmetic products. To this end, this study adopted a mixed-method design. The already documented cosmetic scripts were used to collect data and organized, transcribed and described according to three dimensions of discussing discourse and a structured questionnaire was administered for the quantitative aspect and the data were analysed using descriptive statistics as well as inferential statistics. The data analysis reveals that advertisers influence consumers to choose certain products or services through the skillful use of language to convince, persuade and at times manipulate consumers. The study concludes that textual features have a direct influence on the portrayal of women in the choice of cosmetic products in Nigeria. The study recommended that advertisers pay particular attention to their use of language and try to create more friendly content to attract consumers.
New Employee Orientation: A Case Study of University for Development Studies
Authors: Richard Nalarb Yakubu
Published: February 2024

The paper shed light on the relevance of the new employee orientation programme of the University for Development Studies (UDS) for newly recruited Senior Members. The study data were obtained using an electronic questionnaire, which was opened for a period of two weeks, to which 133 out of 188 participants of the orientation programme responded to the questionnaire. The data from the electronic questionnaire was downloaded and analysed qualitatively using a 2010 Microsoft Excel spreadsheet.

The study found that respondents’ expectations from the new employee orientation programme were generally met. The results further indicate that many of the respondents (82 percent) were satisfied with the conduct of the new employee orientation programme. Among the most important achievements of the orientation programme, according to respondents, were: the channel of communication; effective teaching; rules, regulations and policies of the University; employment benefits and or conditions of service; career development as well as roles and duties expected of teaching staff. Respondents recommended that the orientation programme be improved by: Allocating more time for presentations as well as question and answer sessions;

Presentation on stress and self-care management and

Internet availability at the orientation venue for hands-on practice during ICT sessions.
Financial Accountability and Service Delivery in Kabale District, Uganda
Authors: Biryomumisho Fadison  , Turyasingura John Bosco  , Agaba Moses
Published: February 2024

This research was conducted in Kabale District Local Government to examine the effect of financial accountability on service delivery. The predictor variables under study were funds disbursement, auditing process and record-keeping systems, while service delivery was the outcome variable. The study followed a cross-sectional survey. Data from 86 respondents was collected and analyzed quantitatively, complemented with qualitative analysis. Since descriptive analysis entailed a description of a single variable and its attributes, frequency tables were used to present the data. At the bivariate level, a Pearson correlation matrix was conducted to ascertain the relationships between the predictor variables and the dependent variable. A linear regression model was used to fit the data. Research findings from the regression model show that funds disbursement (R=862), Auditing process (R=656 and record-keeping systems (R=899) have a positive significance on the service delivery of Kabale District local government. The main conclusion drawn from this research is that funds disbursement, auditing process and record-keeping systems have a significant effect on service delivery.
Contract Type Selection and Project Performance: An Optimal Strategy for Achieving Procurement Planning of Swimming Pool Construction Firms in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Opuwari Precious U.
Published: February 2024

The study examined the correlation that existed between contract type selection and project performance of swimming pool construction firms in Rivers State. The determination to maximize utility and to create comfort for both customers who seek recreation or adventure and private or personal relaxation with swimming pool facilities as a social stratum has increasingly gained acceptance and recognition in our society today. However, the early finished time of such a project has often been characterized by delays associated with contract variation from the performing firms. The study adopted a census population of 7 registered firms. Questionnaires were administered to 61 respondents. Spearman rank statistical tool and regression analyses were adopted for correlation and effect determination. Amidst the findings, a strong positive correlation existed between the dimensions of contract type selection and project performance. The study concluded that contract type selection is a veritable conduit for stabilizing project completion timelines among firms in the studied section.
Procurement Planning Technique: A Strategy for Sustaining Production Capacity of Bread-Baking Firms in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Opuwari Precious U.
Published: February 2024

The small and medium-scale industry is considered to be an informal section in the Port Harcourt Rivers State, Nigeria. However, the volume of business activity carried out in the sector was perceived to be capable of opening and increasing the per capita income of the city Port Harcourt if their mode of operation is mainstreamed to size procurement of materials geared towards increasing productivity amongst bread baking firms. Thus, the general aim was to evaluate how procurement technique enhances production capacity among firms in the bread-baking industry in Port Harcourt. The study was necessitated as a result of the inability of firms to strategically increase production capacity, given the apparent local means for material procurement in practice. A correlation design was adopted for the study, with the aid of a structured questionnaire on a total population of 96 firms. Questionnaires were administered to 96 production supervisors; hence, it was a judgmental census study. Findings upheld that all dimensions measured were of strong positive correlation at the least measure of 0.6 (p) ≥ 0.00. Among the conclusions reached was that making decisions was more strategically viable for firms to adopt in the industry. Thus, an empirically proven approach to procurement selection technique would be more reliable for sustaining the production capacity of the firms studied.
The Influence of Emotional Intelligence, Job Satisfaction, on Employee Performance with the Mediating Variable of Work Motivation
Authors: Syarif Setio  , Habibullah Jimad  , Rr Erlina
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of emotional intelligence and job satisfaction on employee performance with the mediating variable of work motivation at Chandra Supermarket & Department Store. The data used is primary data obtained from questionnaires to 90 employees. The analytical tool used is the Path Analysis Test, which is an extension of multiple linear regression. The results show that emotional intelligence has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. In other words, the better a person controls emotions, the better it will be able to improve employee performance. Job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. In other words, the higher the job satisfaction with the company, the higher the resulting performance, which leads to a higher level of assessment. Motivation becomes a mediating variable from the influence of emotional intelligence and job satisfaction on employee performance.
Assessing the Impact and Challenges of SMEs on Albania's Economy
Authors: Ortis Hoda  , Greta Angjeli
Published: February 2024

The SME sector in Albania has a significant impact on the country's economy. The total number of economically active enterprises in Albania increased by 1.4% in 2021 compared to 2020, reaching 104,031 enterprises. Microenterprises experienced a decrease of 5.8% compared to 2016, while small and medium-sized enterprises showed growth with an increase of 27.09% and 23.24%, respectively, in 2021 compared to 2016. SMEs in Albania play a vital role in employment generation, accounting for 60.3% of total employment in the country. While microenterprises constitute over 92% of SMEs in Albania, they employ a relatively smaller proportion of the total number of employed individuals compared to their number. Small and medium-sized enterprises have shown an increasing trend in employment, with increases of 26.79% and 22.86% respectively compared to 2016. The SME sector in Albania contributes approximately 55% of the total turnover realized in the economy. Microenterprises will generate 21.97% of the total turnover, small enterprises will contribute 30.55%, and medium-sized enterprises will account for 26.50% of the turnover in 2021. The value added by SMEs in Albania has shown an increasing trend. Micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises experienced growth rates of 30.12%, 66.84%, and 66.63% respectively compared to 2016. Small enterprises consistently accounted for the highest percentage of investment during the analyzed years. However, there have been fluctuations, with large enterprises taking the lead in investment in 2017 and 2018. Overall, there has been a decreasing trend in investment growth in Albania, with negative growth rates observed in 2020 and 2021. Productivity: The labor productivity of SMEs in Albania has increased every year from 2016 to 2021. Larger enterprises generally exhibit higher labor productivity compared to smaller ones, benefiting from economies of scale, resource allocation, and access to advanced technologies and systems. Albania has made progress in implementing the Small Business Act (SBA) and has achieved high average scores in areas related to SME policy and support. Efforts to create a supportive ecosystem for SMEs include improvements in the institutional and regulatory framework, operational environment, public procurement, standards and technical regulations, and internationalization of SMEs. Limited accessibility to finance, technology, and knowledge remains a significant challenge for SMEs in Albania. Addressing this challenge requires efforts to improve access to finance through specialized lending programs and loan guarantee schemes and enhance financial literacy among SME owners. In conclusion, while SMEs in Albania make a significant contribution to the economy in terms of employment, turnover, and value-added, there are areas that require further attention and support, such as access to finance and investment. Efforts to address these challenges and promote a favorable environment for SMEs can contribute to their growth, competitiveness, and overall economic development.
Analysis of the Mediating Effect of Macroeconomic Factors on the Relationship between Dividend Policy and Stock Return in Nairobi Securities Exchange in Kenya
Authors: Dr. Ondiwa Simon Oluoch
Published: February 2024

Stock Indices are designed to gauge market performance and guide investors in making investment decisions, especially in stock portfolio mix and management. Dividend Policy is an important finance function; organizations need to decide how to distribute dividends and how much dividends to retain and be ploughed back into the business. Between 2009 and 2018, the Nairobi Securities Exchange depicted erratic performance in making investment decisions during the financial crisis and volatility of the securities exchange. This study, therefore, sought to investigate the mediating role of macroeconomic factors on the relationship between dividend policy and stock return in Nairobi Securities Exchange to help investors make decisions amidst the erratic performance of the burse. The study employed longitudinal times series study regression analysis and used structural equation modeling (SEM) to assess mediation relationships. Results revealed that macroeconomic factors mediate the relationship between dividend policy and stock return; interest rate fully mediates the relationship between dividend per share, payout ratio, and stock return (p=0.00) and partially mediates the relationship between dividend yield and stock return (P=0.00). Inflation fully mediates the relationship between dividend per share, payout ratio, and stock return (p=0.00) and partially mediates the relationship between dividend yield and stock return (p=0.00). Gross Domestic Product does not mediate the relationship between dividend yield, payout ratio, dividend per share, and stock return (p= 0.76), (p=0.91) and (p=0.90), respectively.
Determinants of Motivation among Healthcare Workers in Rural Kenya
Authors: Tom Ojwang  , Dr. Rosemary Wanyoike
Published: February 2024

Purpose: The general objective of the study is to identify the determinants of motivation among healthcare workers in rural Kenya. The specific objectives of this study are:

To identify individual determinants of motivation among healthcare workers in Kenya,

To Identify organizational determinants of motivation among healthcare workers,

To Identify social and community determinants of motivation among healthcare workers

Methodology: In order to optimize the results, this study employed the desktop literature review method. In this method, raw data is not collected from the population. Instead, it focuses on previously published peer-reviewed journals. This enables a broader understanding of the subject matter in question. In identifying the appropriate journals, a systematic search was conducted using Google Scholar, PubMed and ProQuest databases.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The researcher suggests that empirical research should be conducted in the public sector in the rural setting, incorporating moderating and mediating variables for more conclusive results.
Prevalence of Bullying in Public Secondary Schools: A Case of Selected Schools in Machakos County, Kenya
Authors: Dr. Elizabeth Mukai Kithuka  , Dr. Jared Menecha
Published: February 2024

This study sought to assess the prevalence of bullying in selected public secondary schools in Machakos sub-county, Machakos County. The objectives of the study were:

To determine the various forms of bullying behavior that are experienced among students,

To establish the relationship between the gender of students and forms of bullying,

To examine the prevalence of bullying and

To examine risk factors contributing to bullying.

The researcher employed a descriptive research design. Purposive sampling and simple random sampling were used to select 280 respondents. The study used both open and closed-ended questionnaires to collect data. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. The study used both descriptive and inferential statistics to describe quantitative data, which were then analyzed, interpreted, and presented in the form of tables and figures. The study revealed that bullying existed in Machakos County more in boys' schools than girls' schools and forms of bullying varied with gender. Boys suffered more physical and cyberbullying, while girls suffered more sexual and verbal bullying activities. School environment and academic performance were leading as risky factors of involvement in bullying. The study concluded that the prevalence of bullying exists in Machakos County and recommended seeking strategies for curbing it.
Thorndike’s Connectionism Theory: Application and Limitations in the Learning of Kiswahili as a Second Language
Authors: Sikolia Cleophas Kalabai
Published: February 2024

Theories play a very important role in learning. They make learning interesting, motivating, and easy for the learners to achieve their objectives. This article discussed the connectionism theory and how it can be applied in learning Kiswahili. The discussion was based on the premise that the success of the learners in school does not depend entirely on the instructional methods but on the theories that are applied in the learning process.
A Systematic Review of the Characteristics of Social Support and Poverty Alleviation among Asylum-seekers and Refugees Resettled in Countries in Western Europe
Authors: Dr. Mike Wells  , Dr. Catherine Heidi Seage
Published: February 2024

Forced migration and poverty among asylum-seekers and refugees (ASRs) in Western Europe have increased substantially in the last decade and have profound psychosocial ramifications. This systematic review synthesises recent literature that explores the contributions of social support in alleviating the psychological effects of poverty among ASRs resettled in countries in Western Europe. The review was conducted in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Nine studies were identified through searches in Scopus, PsycINFO, and MELINE via Ovid and Sage. These studies described the family, friendship and professional networks of ASR as important sources for providing informational, instrumental, emotional, and appraisal support that empowers them to cope with social and financial hardship in the resettlement context. These findings suggest the need to bring social support of ASRs to the forefront of practice and research as an important resource for mitigating the psychological effects of poverty.
Appraisal of Issues/Challenges and Remedies on the Role of Trade Marks in Quality Control
Authors: Dr. Morgan G. Piwuna
Published: February 2024

There is no doubt that trademarks have a role to play in quality control. It is little wonder that there are issues or challenges that the present work identified and discussed. It engaged in piracy and counterfeiting with unsatisfied market demands, the absence of functional agency, the problem of advertising and government regulations. The paper recommended, among others, the strengthening and standardization of quality regulation agencies, review of their laws and continuous sensitization.
Influence of Irresponsible Alcohol-Related Sexual Behaviour on Trainee Dropouts in Vocational Centres in Nakuru County, Kenya
Authors: Teresiah Kerubo Nyatich  , Dr. Jane Karimi
Published: February 2024

Alcohol abuse and related behaviour are the main problems affecting trainees while taking their studies in Vocational Training Centres in Nakuru County. The study focused on the hypothesis: There is no significant relationship between irresponsible sexual behaviour and trainee dropouts in vocational training centers in Nakuru County, Kenya. The study was based on the cognitive-behavioural theory of alcohol abuse. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design that entails the collection of data at a single point in time from different groups of respondents. Further, the study adopted a descriptive research design, which involves collecting, analysing, and interpreting quantitative and qualitative data. The study targets a population of 1550 within 10 vocational training centres in Nakuru. The sampling was done using Yamane sampling formulae to obtain a 318 sample size. The study's correlational analysis explored the relationships between "Trainees' Dropout" and “Irresponsible Sexual Behaviour,” Irresponsible sexual behaviour exhibited a strong positive correlation (r = 0.664, p < 0.01). These findings collectively underscore the importance of addressing alcohol-related behaviours, peer influences, and counseling effectiveness in tackling trainee dropout rates.
Assessment of the Impacts of Betting on University Students: A Case Study of Kisii University, Kenya
Authors: Sheillah Mong'ina Mong'ute  , Dr. John Agwaya Aomo
Published: February 2024

Youths have been susceptible to gambling and its associated problems. Approximately 42-80% of college and university students have been involved in the practice annually, with male students dominating. Few studies have been done on the impacts of gambling on university and college students. This study, therefore, focused on understanding how gambling affected Kisii University students. A descriptive research sampling design was utilized, research questionnaires were used, and the target population was Kisii University students. Five research assistants were trained to help in data collection. Data were analysed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics was used; percentages, means, frequencies and charts were generated. Inferential statistics was also used to test the relationship between gambling and students' social life. Results were as follows: 54.1% indicated that they never lied about their gambling habits, and 58.9% stated that gambling had no adverse consequence on school, work, and relationships. Moreover, 61.1% stated that they could feel irritated and restless when they limited their gambling, while 61.4% spent a lot of time gambling and planning. Likewise, 90.8% mentioned that their friends had gambling habits, while 55.4% discussed with friends and colleagues about gambling. Therefore, gambling affected students' social life and peer pressure was the main contributor. Hence, public awareness of the problems associated with gambling is recommended to manage gambling among students.
Financial Support and Employee Performance in Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Kenya: Moderating Effect of Top Management Commitment
Authors: Protus Lumiti  , Dr. Susan Wekesa  , Dr. Mary Omondi  , Dr. George O. Orwa
Published: February 2024

Employee performance is key to the success of organizations in the competitive world. Employee welfare practices, such as employee financial support, must be put in place to improve employee performance, whether in public or private organizations. The main objective of this study was to determine the relationship between employee financial support and employee performance, as well as the moderating effect of the top management commitment in non-governmental organizations in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study used a cross-sectional survey research design. The target population was all the 14,323 employees in NGOs in Nairobi County, Kenya. The sample population was 391 who were stratified as top managers, middle-level managers, and Lower level managers. The sample was selected through the use of purposive, stratified, and simple random sampling procedures. While interviews and questionnaires were used as primary data sources, secondary data was obtained from reviewed journals, books, and articles. The study made use of relevant theories on the subject, including Human Relations Theory, Herzberg's two-factor theory, and Abraham Maslow's theory of the hierarchy of needs. To determine the validity and reliability of the tools, a pilot study was conducted. Version 25 of the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences software was used for data analysis. Frequencies, means, correlations, and multiple linear regression were employed in the analysis, along with inferential and descriptive statistics as diagnostic tests for the tools. Pie charts, graphs, and tables were used to present the study's findings. The research found that there exists a positive and significant relationship between employee financial support and employee performance when moderated by the top management commitment in non-governmental organizations in Nairobi County, Kenya. The research determined that, due to its importance in boosting morale and overall employee performance, the NGOs’ top management should put employee financial support policies in place, factor the financial support in their budget and plans, and enhance communication with the employees. The study recommended further research in other counties using similar variables.
Parents’/Guardians’-Students’ Academic Discussions and Students’ Academic Performance in Twelve Years Basic Education Schools in Rwanda
Authors: Jane Iyakaremye  , Dr. Andra O.Hesbon
Published: February 2024

The current study investigates parent-student academic discussions and student’s academic performance in twelve years basic education schools in Rwanda, a case of Gasabo district. Objectives of this study comprise the following: to ascertain parent/guardian-student academic discussion practices in twelve years of basic education, to investigate the effect of parents/guardians-students' academic discussion on students' performance in twelve years of basic education and to examine the relationship between parent-student academic discussion and students' academic performance in twelve years basic education in Gasabo district. The study was conducted after a careful review of related literature and an understanding of the research area in connection with the research topic under investigation. In this study, the research used a descriptive survey design employing a mixed research approach. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from the target population of 150 parents, 360 students, 25 teachers, 12 deans of studies (DOS) and 8 head teachers. The researcher adopted purposive simple random sampling techniques and used Slovin’s formula to determine the sample size of 233 participants. The Statistical Product and Service Solutions was used to code, edit, process and analyze the collected raw data through descriptive statistics. The findings from objective one indicate that 65.5 % disagreed that they share the daily learning experience at home with their parents. In contrast, those from objective two revealed that 61.9% and 23.8% of parents who participated in the study strongly agreed and agreed that their style of academic discussion of career aspirations with students enhances students' interest and motivation, which determines students' effort to achieve good grades/scores, and finally, the findings from objective three showed a mean performance of 37.7460, a standard deviation of 1.75028 and a significant Pearson’s correlation (r = .515) between parent/guardians-students' academic discussion and students' academic performance. In contrast, the mean of 36.9365 and standard deviation of 2.18406 without academic discussion were obtained. This implies that academic discussions enhance students' learning and academic performance. The findings of this research encourage parents to discuss academic matters with students since academic discussions enhance students' academic performance.
Protective Role of Education in Emergencies: A Case of Terre Des Hommes’ Interventions in Mohammed Goni Stadium Internally Displaced Person’s Camp, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
Authors: Mike Bonny Charles  , Raphael Audu Adole  , Silas Onuche Joel  , Paul Yalima Mbaya
Published: February 2024

This study examines the protective role of Terre des hommes' education in emergency interventions in MGS IDP Camp, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. The Basic Needs theory was adopted in this study as a theoretical tool of analysis. This study is a survey research. Data were generated from both primary and secondary sources. The population of the study is 1,863, comprising the following subgroups: Terre des hommes' Parents, Teachers and School Based Management Committee (SBMC), as well as BOSUBEB and BOSAME supervisory committees for education in emergencies projects in MGS IDP Camp. The sample size of the study is 319. This figure was determined using the Raosoft sample size calculator at 95% confidence level and 5% margin of error. A disproportionate stratified sampling technique was applied to determine the appropriate sample proportion of each stratum. Questionnaire and Key Informant Interview (KII) were the survey research instruments used to generate quantitative and qualitative data, respectively. This study established that there is a significant protective role of education in emergencies as a result of Terre des hommes interventions in MGS IDP Camp, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. However, the organization's vision to provide children with safe, equitable and impartial access to education may be short-lived because of the risks of child labour and child, early and forced marriage. This study, therefore, recommends, amongst others, that Terre des hommes should compile and keep up–to–date detailed information and statistical data on the nature and extent of child labour and child, early and forced marriage in camp and non-camp settings to serve as a basis for determining priorities for action for the prohibition, elimination and abolition of these practices.
Judicial Interpretations, Findings and Pronouncements of the Nigerian Apex Court: A Review of Mohammed Vs Frn
Authors: Moses Ediru
Published: February 2024

Purpose: The objective of this review was to challenge the apex court's decision, encompassing its findings, judicial interpretations, and pronouncements (DFIP). A notable issue arises from the discovery that the National Assembly (NA) mistakenly granted 'exclusive' criminal jurisdiction to the Federal High Court (FHC) regarding Indian hemp offenses. Consequently, this study critically examined the DFIP in depth.

Methodology: This work adopts the doctrinal method of research, which involves the use of primary and secondary sources of law. This study relied on key primary sources, including the constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, Acts of the National Assembly, case laws, and Decrees. Supplementary information was derived from secondary sources such as books and articles. This review extensively employed primary and secondary legal sources, focusing on statutory interpretation rules, the hierarchy of norms, particularly in relation to the principle of inconsistency, and the unalterable nature of jurisdiction prescribed by the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (CFRN). These criteria were systematically applied to evaluate the Decision, Findings, Interpretations, and Pronouncements (DFIP) of the apex court.

Findings: The apex court's determination that Section 8 of the Indian Hemp Act (IHA) was implicitly repealed by Section 26 of the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA) Act is inaccurate. Similarly, the assertion that the National Assembly (NA) granted 'exclusive' criminal jurisdiction to the Federal High Court (FHC) is flawed, as Section 251(3) of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (CFRN) actually confers concurrent criminal jurisdiction on the FHC.

The finding of the apex court that Magistrate Courts (MC), being a creation of state legislation, cannot try Indian hemp offences is erroneous. The apex court's assertion that Indian hemp is both a 'drug' and a 'narcotic drug' is refuted as erroneous in the course of this review.

Recommendations: Statutory intervention in the manner of amendment of Sections 251(1)(s) and 251(3) is required if the decision of the apex court is to represent the position of the law in Nigeria.
Biogas: An Alternative Source of Energy for Developing Economy
Authors: Akinnate, Felix Akindele  , Olabode, Olubusuyi Oladele  , Akinyosoye, Favour Moyo
Published: February 2024

There is an increase in energy demand due to increased population, leading to high waste generation, deforestation, and global warming. The world's reserves of fossil fuel that has resulted in an increase in energy price cannot be allowed to be depleted. There is a need to look more into economic biogas production, which can serve as an alternative source of energy. Biogas is now preferred because of its environmentally friendly, renewable, clean, cheap, high quality, and versatile fuel, which uses feedstocks. This paper looks more into the processes of production of biogas using the waste of plant-based materials that are typically rich in different polysaccharides that are generated from local farm production of plants and animals in rural Nigeria. Four main steps in biogas production are emphasized, and various factors that affect biogas production are stated. Various ways of manipulating these factors for maximal biogas production were suggested. One of the main challenges in biogas production is the high cost of biodigester, which is taken care of in the paper through a low-cost construction of an alternative biogas digester that serves effectively from used materials. Economic production of biogas is given a probable investment, as described in this work.
Determinants of New Confirmed COVID-19 Cases in Namibia: A Retrospective Observational Analysis
Authors: Opeoluwa Oyedele  , Monique Van Wyk
Published: February 2024

Although little is known about the contributing factors of new confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Namibia besides no masking, no sanitizing and no social distancing, there is a need for an exhaustive study to be done to explore the factors contributing to new confirmed cases in the country. In this retrospective study, the Negative Binomial regression technique was used to examine the factors contributing to the new confirmed cases in Namibia using the data collected from the COVID-19 reports from Ministry of Health and Social Services official Facebook page, Worldometer and WHO webpage from 13 March 2020 to 31 December 2021. Results from this study revealed that Khomas, Erongo and Otjozondjupa regions had the most reported confirmed COVID-19 cases in the country. In addition, the weather season (p=0.003), national events (p<0.001), vaccination period (p<0.001), sex (p=0.010) and region (p=0.018) were significant contributors to new confirmed cases. It is, therefore, recommended that the Ministry of Health and Social Services, together with governmental and non-governmental/aid organizations, use these findings in their efforts to further curb the spread of the COVID-19 virus in the country, especially during the current wave of the virus as well as in the event of a potential sixth and seventh wave outbreak.
Otra mirada sobre las migraciones en España: cuando el medio rural es distinto
Authors: Capote Lama Alberto , González-Martín Beatriz , Montoro Gurich Carolina
Published: February 2024

Los días 10 y 11 de junio de 2021 se celebró el XVII Congreso sobre la población española organizado por el Grupo de Geografía de Población de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles y la Universidad de Zaragoza. Durante estos dos días se trataron distintos aspectos de actualidad sobre la población española, y dada la ubicación del congreso, tuvieron especial protagonismo algunas cuestiones relacionadas con el medio rural: desde la despoblación al envejecimiento, pasando por iniciativas novedosas implantadas en distintas comarcas españolas. Uno de los frutos de dicho encuentro de especialistas es el presente monográfico, compuesto de cuatro artículos. Puede sorprender que una revista especializada en el estudio de las migraciones internacionales dedique un monográfico a tal fin pero, como se verá, los contenidos de estas cuatro publicaciones se ajustan perfectamente a los intereses de la misma.
Characterization of immigration in the Chilean Pension and Unemployment Insurance Systems
Authors: Granados Zambrano Paulina , Rivera González Nicolás , Toledo Badilla María Fernanda
Published: February 2024

The levels of immigration recorded in Chile over the last few decades are unprecedented. Despite the magnitude of this phenomenon, the literature on immigration in Chile is scarce. Even though it is expected immigration has important effects on the Chilean labour market, there is not much historical neither systematic evidence available for a better understanding of the phenomenon. This can be mainly explained by the fact that related sources of information are limited and infrequent.This paper aims at describing the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the immigrants’ formal working population in Chile (i.e. individuals working in the formal sector who by law contribute to the social security system), using administrative records of the Pension Systems and the Unemployment Insurance System, in addition to information provided by the Civil Registry and Identification Service on their nationality and country of origin.The results obtained show an exponential increase in new foreigners to the social security system over the last few years. Haitians and Venezuelans are the largest groups, representing 70% of the total number of new foreign affiliates to the Pension System in 2018. The average wage difference between Chileans and foreigners increased by over 600% during the 2010-2018 period, differing by almost USD 300 in 2018 in favor of Chileans. This difference deepens with higher wages. Finally, there is an important gender gap both for Chileans and foreigners (around 10% in 2018). The gender gap for foreigners has importantly decreased during the last decade reaching the relatively more stable, but still important, Chilean gender gap of around 10%. However, foreign women are in a much weaker relative situation than Chilean women when age, cohort and time effects are obtained.
موقف العراق من تأسيس جيش منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية
Authors: جاسم معاذ هلال , عبد العيساوي علاءالدين عباس
Published: February 2024

تضمنت الدراسة التي حملت بعنوان موقف العراق من تأسيس جيش منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية عدة جوانب مهمة أهمها موقف العراق من تأسيس جيش منظمة التحرير في المحافل الدولية ، إذ شارك العراق في جميع المؤتمرات  العربية التي أدت إلى نشأة جيش المنظمة ولا سيما مؤتمر الاسكندرية ، كما استقبل العراق عدد من أعضاء جيش المنظمة في المعسكرات العراقية وتم تدريبهم وفق السياقات المعترف عليها في الجيش العراقي ، وكذلك تم قبول عدد من افراد جيش المنظمة في الكلية العسكرية وكلية القوة الجوية ، بالإضافة الى ذلك قدم العراق المساعدات المالية والمعنوية لجيش المنظمة ، كما اعطى العراق الحرية الكاملة لجيش المنظمة في مجال السفر والإقامة ومنحهم جواز السفر ، كما اصدرت الحكومة العراقية قانون الخدمة العسكرية الذي يقضي بمعاملة جيش المنظمة معاملة الجندي العراقي وشموله بمكافئة انهاء الخدمة العسكرية والإجازات ، كما منحت الحكومة العراقية الجنسية العراقية لمنسوبي جيش المنظمة المتزوجين من العراقيات ، لذلك نجد ان العراق لم يبخل على منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية من حيث العدة والعدد لتأسيس جيش منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية .
PENGARUH IKLAN DAN KEPERCAYAAN TERHADAP MINAT BELI KONSUMEN PADA MARKETPLACE BLIBLI.COM
Authors: Elsa Rinjani  , Suhardi Dadang , Komarudin Munir Nur
Published: February 2024

This research aims to determine the influence of advertising and trust on purchasing interest in the Blibli.com marketplace. The population in this study were all students from the Faculty of Economics and Business, Kuningan University, namely 2,177 people. Determination of sample size was based on the Slovin formula and a sample size of 96 respondents was obtained purposively. The research method that the author uses in this research is a survey method using a questionnaire distributed via Google Forms. The data collection technique that the author uses in this research is a questionnaire with measurements using an interval scale. The data obtained was then processed and analyzed using a multiple linear regression model with the help of the SPSS version 23 application. Hypothesis testing was carried out using verification analysis techniques based on the t-test and F-test. The results of the study showed that: (H1) advertising variables have a positive and significant effect on interest purchase, (H2) the trust variable has a positive and significant effect on purchase interest, and (H3) the advertising and trust variables simultaneously influence purchase interest.
 Keywords: advertising; trust; buying interest
Franchise Law
Authors: Coldwell Deborah S. , Pierre-Louis Kristina , Dutton Wes , Mallick Sam , Clark Alexander , Miller Wilson , Pinto Joe
Published: February 2024

The 2022 Annual Texas Survey on Franchise Law presents an assortment of novel and familiar legal issues in Texas state and federal courts. This year’s Survey period contains decisions favorable to franchisors, franchisees, and third parties associated with franchised businesses on disputes involving intellectual property rights, enforceability of forum selection clauses, the essential elements of common law and statutory claims, and remedies available to franchise parties involved in litigation, among other issues. As in prior years, the Survey showcases developments in franchise law that serve as helpful reminders to practitioners advising parties involved in any stage of a franchise relationship.
Insurance Law
Authors: Collins J. Price , Tolbert Janet , Gilmore Ashley
Published: February 2024

This Article describes and analyzes major developments in insurance law that occurred in Texas between December 1 and November 30 of 2022.