bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biodiversity-Friendly Management in Olive Groves Supports Pollinator Conservation in a Mediterranean Terraced Landscape
Authors: Dellapiana Matteo , Bagnoni Virginia , Buonafede Laura , Caselli Alice , Marini Simone , Picchi Malayka Samantha , Sabbatini Tiziana , Moonen Anna-Camilla
Published: February 2025

While olive trees are primarily wind-pollinated, biodiversity-friendly management of the groves can contribute to the conservation of pollinating insects in olive agroecosystems. Previous research demonstrated that semi-natural habitats, such as herbaceous linear elements and woody areas, support the community of pollinators in agroecosystems. Less is known about the contribution of low-input olive groves with a permanent ground cover on terraced landscapes. This study investigated the relationship between pollinator communities and semi-natural habitats, including spontaneous vegetation, in a traditional terraced Mediterranean olive grove agroecosystem. The research employed pan traps to monitor wild bees and observation walks to assess the butterfly community across three different habitat types in spring, summer, and autumn during two growing seasons. Floral resources in the habitats were assessed during each sampling time. Analysis showed that herbaceous habitats support a higher abundance of wild bees than woody areas, while olive groves do not differ significantly from either habitat type, despite exhibiting the highest floral abundance. This suggests that habitat structure, rather than floral availability alone, plays a role in maintaining the wild bee community. For butterflies, results demonstrate that the overall abundance does not differ between habitats, while the species composition does. The study emphasizes the importance of preserving diverse habitats, and in particular low-input olive groves, within agricultural landscapes to support a wide range of pollinator species.
The Expression Levels of Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90) in Galleria mellonella Following Infection with the Entomopathogenic Nematode Steinernema carpocapsae and Its Symbiotic Bacteria Xenorhabdus nematophila
Authors: Banfi Davide , Mastore Maristella , Bianchi Tommaso , Brivio Maurizio Francesco
Published: February 2025

Heat shock proteins (HSPs), particularly HSP90, play a vital role in insect responses to environmental and biotic stresses by maintaining protein stability and supporting immune defenses. This study explores HSP90 regulation in Galleria mellonella larvae following exposure to the nematode Steinernema carpocapsae and its symbiotic bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila. Exposure to live nematodes caused slight changes in HSP90 expression, while non-viable nematodes had no effect, suggesting that nematode secretions or symbiotic bacteria do not directly influence HSP90 levels. However, nematodes with altered surface properties significantly increased HSP90 expression. X. nematophila also moderately elevated HSP90 levels but this effect disappeared when weakly bound surface proteins were removed. Interestingly, under thermal stress, live nematodes reduced heat-induced HSP90 expression, whereas surface-treated nematodes enhanced it. These findings suggest that HSP90 modulation is influenced by biological control agents, highlighting a potential link between HSP90 and immune detection of invaders. This interaction may be crucial in adapting biological control strategies in response to climate change. Further research is needed to clarify HSP activation pathways, host immune interactions, and mechanisms of entomopathogen immune evasion, particularly under varying environmental temperatures, to enhance bioinsecticide efficacy.
Chemical Profiling, Sensory Qualities, and Bioactivities of Essential Oils Obtained from Aloysia citrodora and Bursera graveolens Ecuadorian Plants Against the Mosquito Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Parichanon Prangthip , Ascrizzi Roberta , Tani Camilla , Echeverria Maria Cristina , Andrade Sania Ortega , Paredes Hugo , Taglieri Isabella , Flamini Guido , Venturi Francesca , Conti Barbara
Published: February 2025

The mosquito Aedes albopictus is a vector of several harmful viruses, necessitating the development of safer and more sustainable repellents than DEET. This study evaluated the potential of plant-based EOs extracted via steam distillation from Aloysia citrodora and Bursera graveolens plants harvested in Ecuador. A. citrodora EO exhibited a high sensory pleasantness with a citral-like aroma, while B. graveolens EO had lower sensory appeal due to off-flavors. At 200 µL L−1, B. graveolens EO demonstrated strong ovideterrent activity, reducing egg laying by 64%, whereas A. citrodora EO displayed the highest larvicidal activity with an LC50 value of 88.54 µL L−1. Both EOs, applied at 0.20 µL cm−2 on human skin, provided comparable repellency for over 45 min. The RD50 values were 0.104 µL cm−2 for A. citrodora EO and 0.136 µL cm−2 for B. graveolens EO. When compared to DEET at 0.04 µL cm−2, no significant differences in repellency were observed within the first 15 min post-application. These findings suggest that both EOs are effective alternatives to synthetic repellents, and A. citrodora EO emerges as a promising candidate due to its superior sensory attributes and larvicidal activity.
Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation at Hospitals Without On-Site Cardiac Surgery (TAVI at Home): A Multicenter Prospective Interventional Study
Authors: Compagnone Miriam , Dall’Ara Gianni , Grotti Simone , Mambelli Greta , Fabbri Elisabetta , Savini Carlo , Balducelli Marco , Santarelli Andrea , Iorio Elia , Vaquerizo Beatriz , Marchese Alfredo , Tarantini Giuseppe , Saia Francesco , Zingaretti Chiara , Moretti Carolina , Cavazza Caterina , Vertogen Bernadette , Ottani Filippo , Rubboli Andrea , Nanni Oriana , Pizzi Carmine , Galvani Marcello , Tarantino Fabio Felice
Published: February 2025

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become the standard of care for elderly patients with aortic stenosis. International guidelines recommend that TAVI should be performed only in centers with on-site cardiac surgery (CS). However, rapidly evolving TAVI technology and increasing operator expertise have significantly reduced peri-procedural complications, including those requiring rescue surgery, which occur in less than 0.5% of cases. Furthermore, only a minority of major complications are treated with CS, and the outcomes remain unfavorable. TAVI in centers without CS could represent a solution to reduce waiting times and ensure continuity of care for fragile patients. “TAVI at Home” is a single-arm prospective interventional study. According to sample size calculations based on literature data, the study aims to enroll a total of 200 patients, beginning with a run-in phase of 20 patients to establish safety. The primary endpoint is 30-day all-cause mortality. Secondary endpoints include technical success and the evaluation of single complications 30 days after the procedure. Hospitals without CS that are eligible to perform TAVI must have a high volume of coronary percutaneous interventions, operators with established TAVI experience, collaboration with vascular surgeons, and regular Heart Team meetings to ensure rigorous patient selection.
Review of Recent Treatment Strategies for Lumbar Disc Herniation (LDH) Focusing on Nonsurgical and Regenerative Therapies
Authors: Lee Jae Sun , Lee Soo-Bin , Kang Kyung-Yil , Oh Seong Ho , Chae Dong-Sik
Published: February 2025

Conservative treatment is primarily performed for the treatment of patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH), but if it does not respond, surgical treatment can be performed. Surgical intervention has a positive effect on the rapid improvement of LDH symptoms. However, the effectiveness of surgical versus conservative treatment for LDH is controversial, especially regarding long-term effects. Recently, a treatment using platelet-rich plasma (PRP), bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC), low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), etc., has been actively conducted as a treatment to avoid side effects of surgery and promote tissue regeneration. In this paper, the literature evaluating the effectiveness of non-surgical treatment options is reviewed with an emphasis on the effectiveness of clinical application. Several clinical studies have shown that PRP, biomaterials, BMAC, and LIPUS treatment promote tissue regeneration and alleviate symptoms. Although PRP-applied studies have suggested disc height changes, cell therapy and LIPUS treatment have many shortcomings in clinical aspects of tissue regeneration. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a unified, safe protocol and standardize the method of presenting results to confirm the clinical effect of the treatment for impaired intervertebral regeneration in patients with intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), including LDH.
The Impact of Excessive Gestational Weight Gain on Adverse Perinatal Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kalli Eleni , Potiris Anastasios , Domali Ekaterini , Zikopoulos Athanasios , Kathopoulis Nikolaos , Drakaki Eirini , Machairiotis Nikolaos , Louis Konstantinos , Gkirgkinoudis Athanasios , Christodoulaki Chrysi , Zachariou Athanasios , Skentou Charikleia , Gerede Angeliki , Zikopoulos Konstantinos , Drakakis Peter , Panagopoulos Periklis , Stavros Sofoklis
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The purpose of this study was to systematically review the potential effects of a pregnant woman’s excessive gestational weight gain on adverse perinatal outcomes affecting the mother and the fetus/neonate. Methods: Medline/PubMed, Scopus, CADTH Grey Matters and National Archive of PhD Theses were systematically searched for all relevant studies published. Assessments of the risk of bias in the included studies were made according to the tool “The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS)”. Results: Five publications met all the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. The risk of bias in all the included studies was low. One study supports the detrimental effect of excessive gestational weight gain on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus, one study on the risk of preterm birth, five studies on the risk of macrosomia-high birthweight of the neonate, three studies on the risk of a large-for-gestational-age neonate, three studies on the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, one study on the risk of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia, five studies on the risk of delivery by cesarean section and one study on the risk of neonatal hypoglycemia requiring treatment. One study supports the beneficial effect of excessive gestational weight gain on the risk of preterm birth, two studies on the risk of a small-for-gestational-age neonate and two studies on the risk of low birthweight of the neonate. Conclusions: The study presents the most recent and strong evidence regarding the negative effect of excessive gestational weight gain on most adverse perinatal outcomes. However, excessive gestational weight gain has a beneficial effect in a very limited number of outcomes.
Exploring Perceptions of Physical Activity in Individuals Newly Diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: VanNostrand Michael , Henning David A. , Quinn Lori , Cabalang Andre , Fritz Nora E.
Published: February 2025

Background: Physical activity is essential in enhancing the quality of life for individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, there is limited evidence regarding the unique barriers individuals newly diagnosed with MS face. The purpose of this qualitative study is to understand the perspectives of persons newly diagnosed with MS about physical activity. Methods: Four focus groups were conducted with persons newly diagnosed with MS (n = 12). Participants were asked open-ended questions related to barriers and facilitators of physical activity, knowledge surrounding physical activity for individuals with MS they would find helpful, and how best to receive this information and track their progress. Results: Four themes were generated from the data: (1) lack of knowledge about MS leads to fear and physical activity aversion, (2) reimagining physical activity leads to frustration, (3) navigating physical activity constraints in a busy world, and (4) accountability is key to maintaining physical activity in the presence of barriers. The findings of the study were used to adapt an existing coaching intervention model to increase physical activity engagement specifically in persons with MS soon after the diagnosis. Conclusions: This study underscores the distinct challenges encountered by individuals newly diagnosed with MS, most notably the time constraints imposed by symptoms and employment commitments. These findings highlight the necessity of developing a tailored physical activity coaching intervention, such as ENGAGE-MS, that prioritizes education, accessibility, and adaptability to maximize benefits and develop long-term, sustainable physical activity behaviors.
Factors Affecting the Color Change of Monolithic Zirconia Ceramics: A Narrative Review
Authors: Binici Aygün Ebru , Kaynak Öztürk Esra , Tülü Ayşe Bilge , Turhan Bal Bilge , Karakoca Nemli Seçil , Bankoğlu Güngör Merve
Published: February 2025

Zirconia restorations are widely used in dentistry due to their high esthetic expectations and physical durability. However, zirconia’s opaque white color can compromise esthetics. Therefore, zirconia is often veneered with porcelain, but fractures may occur in the veneer layer. Monolithic zirconia restorations, which do not require porcelain veneering and offer higher translucency, have been developed to address this issue. Zirconia exists in three main crystal phases: monoclinic, tetragonal, and cubic. Metal oxides such as yttrium are added to stabilize the tetragonal phase at room temperature. 3Y-TZP contains 3 mol% yttrium and provides high mechanical strength but has poor optical properties. Recently, 4Y-PSZ and 5Y-PSZ ceramics, which offer better optical properties but lower mechanical strength, have been introduced. This review examines the factors affecting the color change in monolithic zirconia ceramics. These factors are categorized into six main groups: cement type and color, restoration thickness, substrate color, sintering, aging, and zirconia type. Cement type and color are crucial in determining the final shade, especially in thin restorations. Increased restoration thickness reduces the influence of the substrate color while the sintering temperature and process improve optical properties. These findings emphasize the importance of material selection and application processes in ensuring esthetic harmony in zirconia restorations. This review aims to bridge gaps in the literature by providing valuable insights that guide clinicians in selecting and applying zirconia materials to meet both esthetic and functional requirements in restorative dentistry.
Personalized 3D-Printed Prostheses for Bone Defect Reconstruction After Tumor Resection in the Foot and Ankle
Authors: Yon Chang-Jin , Choi Byung-Chan , Lee Jung-Min , Lee Si-Wook
Published: February 2025

Three-dimensional (3D)-printing technology is revolutionizing orthopedic oncology by providing precise, customized solutions for complex bone defects following tumor resection. Traditional modular endoprostheses are prone to complications such as fretting corrosion and implant failure, underscoring the need for innovative approaches. This case series reports on three patients treated with 3D-printed, patient-specific prostheses and cutting guides. Preoperative CT and MRI data were used to design implants tailored to each patient’s anatomy, manufactured using electron beam melting technology with a titanium–aluminum–vanadium alloy. Functional outcomes showed significant improvements: in Case I, AOFAS improved from 71 to 96, and VAS decreased from 6 to 1; in Case II, AOFAS increased from 65 to 79, and VAS decreased from 5 to 3. Radiographic evaluations demonstrated stable prosthesis placement and early evidence of bone integration in Cases I and II, while in Case III, localized disease control was achieved before systemic progression. This case series highlights the transformative potential of 3D-printed prostheses in addressing the challenges of reconstructing anatomically complex defects. By enabling precise tumor resection and improving functional outcomes, this approach can advance current practices in orthopedic oncology. Further research should explore larger cohorts and use cost-effectiveness analyses to validate these findings and facilitate broader clinical adoption.
Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Fat Mass Percentage with Proprioception in Children
Authors: Guzmán-Muñoz Eduardo , Concha-Cisternas Yeny , Méndez-Rebolledo Guillermo , Vásquez-Muñoz Manuel , Valdés-Badilla Pablo , Herrera-Valenzuela Tomás , Núñez-Espinosa Cristian , Hernández-Martínez Jordan
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Childhood obesity is linked to motor and sensorimotor impairments, including proprioceptive deficits. While research has predominantly focused on lower limb proprioception, less is known about the impact on upper limbs. This study investigated the relationship between body mass index, body fat percentage, and proprioception of children aged 11–12 years. Methods: A quantitative, correlational, observational design was employed. BMI was calculated from weight and height measurements, body fat percentage was assessed via bioelectrical impedance analysis, and proprioception was measured using an active repositioning test with inertial sensors in 44 children. Results: Significant correlations were found between BMI and positional errors in the shoulder (r = 0.64, p < 0.001), elbow (r = 0.36, p = 0.007), and knee (r = 0.42, p = 0.002). Regarding body fat percentage, significant correlations were observed with positional errors in the shoulder (r = 0.28, p = 0.031), elbow (r = 0.46, p < 0.001), and knee (r = 0.29, p = 0.030). Regression analysis showed that BMI and body fat percentage significantly predicted positional errors in the shoulder, elbow, and knee. In the shoulder joint, girls demonstrated lower positional errors compared to boys, influenced by both BMI (β = −1.36, p = 0.015) and body fat percentage (β = −3.00, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Higher BMI and body fat percentage are associated with shoulder, elbow, and knee joint proprioceptive deficits. Interventions targeting weight reduction and proprioceptive training may mitigate these deficits and promote sensorimotor function in children.
Design and Analysis of a Novel 12-Bit Current-Steering–Capacitive Digital-to-Analog Converter
Authors: Lim Xian Yang , Teo Boon Chiat Terence , Navaneethan Venkadasamy , Lim Wu Cong , Siek Liter
Published: February 2025

This article introduces a novel digital-to-analog converter (DAC), which addresses a few weaknesses that a traditional capacitive DAC (CDAC) has, such as matching and parasitic capacitance-induced code dependency and a challenging bridge capacitor design. Our novel idea is a hybrid DAC of a CDAC and a current-steering DAC (CSDAC) and is named the CSCDAC. In this paper, a 12-bit CSCDAC is designed, and the post-layout simulation is provided. The Nyquist 12-bit CSCDAC exhibits a spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) of 67.62 dB under an operating frequency of 2 GS/s, with an expected average power of 54 mW. The 12-bit CSCDAC occupies a 0.154 mm2 die area, whereas the core area is 0.044 mm2.
Avoiding Error and Finding the Right Balance in European Health Technology Assessments: Insights Generated by the European Access Academy
Authors: Julian Elaine , Belleman Tom , Garcia Maria João , Rutten-van Mölken Maureen , Doeswijk Robin , Giuliani Rosa , Wörmann Bernhard J. , Widmer Daniel , Tilleul Patrick , Casado Arroyo Ruben , Strammiello Valentina , Morgan Kate , Guardian Marcus , Ermisch Michael , Bernardini Renato , Gianfrate Fabrizio , Capri Stefano , Uyl-de Groot Carin A. , Pavlovic Mira , Ruof Jörg
Published: February 2025

Background: We examined four potential challenges for the implementation of the European Union (EU) Regulation 2021/2282 on Health Technology Assessment (EU HTAR): interaction with the European Medicines Agency (EMA), expert input, the interface of European health technology assessment (EU HTA) joint procedures with those within Member States, and the management of conflict of interest. This research aims to explore how to address these challenges in a balanced manner and prioritise key actions for effective collaboration in the context of the EU HTA. Methods: The methodology included a pre-convention survey among relevant stakeholders as well as working groups and the plenary ranking of discussion outcomes at the European Access Academy (EAA) Spring Convention 2024. Results: In the survey, 65.5% of respondents indicated that experts are currently not sufficiently included in the upcoming joint scientific consultations and clinical assessments; only 37.9% suggested that the EU HTA joint procedures would accelerate national appraisal decision-making, and 58.6% believed that the principles of ‘transparency’ and ‘competency’ are balanced in the EU HTA position on conflict of interest. The top priority action points identified in the working groups were the involvement of the best available expertise, the early and inclusive involvement of experts, strengthened early scientific dialogue, and the fostering of the political willingness/financial support of EU Member States to increase capacities. Conclusions: The key topics identified were an approach to conflict of interest that balances transparency obligations and the need for expertise, strengthens the involvement of clinical and patient experts, intensifies early interaction between the EMA and EU HTA, and increases the involvement of the EU Member States.
Earth System Modeling, Data Assimilation, Artificial Intelligence, Deep Learning and Ocean Information Engineering II
Authors: Zhang Shaoqing , Zhao Yuxin , Zuo Hao , Dong Junyu
Published: February 2025

The ways in which artificial intelligence, especially deep learning (AIDL) or data-driven methods, can be used to advance sciences are an important and critical topic in the current research landscape [...]
Interannual Characteristics of Tropical Cyclones in Northwestern Pacific Region in Context of Warm Pool and Monsoon Troughs
Authors: Guo Junru , Wang Shichao , He Xin , Song Jun , Fu Yanzhao , Cai Yu
Published: February 2025

This study utilizes the typhoon path ensemble dataset from the Marine Science Big Data Center, surface temperature data from NOAA’s COBE Sea Surface Temperature dataset, and wind field data from the NCEP/DOE Reanalysis II dataset. It employs analytical techniques such as wavelet analysis, correlation analysis, and the Mann–Kendall test to investigate the temporal and spatial variations in tropical cyclones in the Northwest Pacific, focusing on aspects such as frequency, genesis regions, and Accumulated Cyclone Energy. The research examines the influence of environmental factors, including warm pool thermal conditions and monsoon troughs, on the behavior of tropical cyclones. Findings indicate that over the past 39 years, there has been an upward trend in the frequency of tropical cyclones, whereas ACE has exhibited a slight downward trend. The results of the M-K test suggest that following a period of rapid increase, cyclone frequency experienced a significant shift in 1996, subsequently displaying a downward trend. Notably, the frequency of cyclones aligns with mutation points corresponding to warm pool thermal conditions and the Monsoon Trough Index. Wavelet analysis reveals that cyclone frequency, ACE, warm pool thermal conditions, and MTI exhibit similar small scale periodic variations. The observed differences in the genesis regions of tropical cyclones are attributed to fluctuations in warm pool thermal conditions. Specifically, years characterized by cooler warm pool conditions correspond with a stronger MTI, while warmer conditions are associated with a weaker MTI. The genesis regions of cyclones predominantly lie within the monsoon trough, where environmental conditions favorable for cyclone development are intensified during years of cooler warm pool conditions, resulting in heightened convective activity.
Public Figures and Social Media from a Freedom of Expression Viewpoint in the Recent U.S. and EU Jurisdiction
Authors: Gosztonyi Gergely , Bálint János , Lendvai Gergely Ferenc
Published: February 2025

Social media has transformed political communication’s landscape, reshaping how politicians engage with the public and express their views. The tension between freedom of expression and the need for responsible governance and politicians became more visible. This article examines the nuances of politicians’ freedom of expression on social media, emphasizing the importance of the right to receive information and participate in public debate. Furthermore, it explores the idea of social media profiles as public forums, examines the level of protection afforded to public officials in public discourse, and compares the content moderation frameworks in the United States and the European Union.
A Personalized Approach to Adhesion Prevention in Single-Port Access Laparoscopic Surgery: A Randomized Prospective Study Evaluating the Efficacy of Adhesion Barriers and Patient-Specific Risk Factors
Authors: Lim Seongyun , Noh Joseph , Seo Junhyeong , Chung Youngeun , Kim Taejoong
Published: February 2025

Abstract: Background/Objectives: Single-port access (SPA) laparoscopic surgery has gained popularity due to its cosmetic benefits and reduced postoperative pain. However, concerns persist regarding the increased risk of adhesions due to the larger umbilical incision. This study aims to contribute to personalized medicine by evaluating the effectiveness of applying an anti-adhesive agent (Guardix SG®, HanmiPharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea) at the umbilical incision and identifying patient-specific risk factors for adhesion formation in SPA laparoscopic surgeries. Methods: In this randomized prospective study, 55 female patients with benign gynecological conditions were enrolled. Participants were randomly assigned to either an intervention group, which received the anti-adhesive agent at both the surgical and umbilical sites, or a control group, which received it only at the surgical site. Participants returned for outpatient visits 1–3 months post-surgery to assess incision site complications, including adhesions. Results: The overall adhesion rate was 10.9%, with 13.3% in the control group and 8% in the intervention group, though the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.678). Infection rates were 6.7% in the control group and 4% in the intervention group; however, there was no significant difference in complications. Logistic regression identified pre-existing adhesions as a significant risk factor (p = 0.0379; OR = 6.909). Conclusions: Although the adhesion barrier showed a trend toward reducing umbilical adhesions, the difference was not statistically significant. The application of the adhesion barrier did not influence incision site complications, confirming its safety. Our findings highlight the need for personalized approaches to adhesion prevention, considering individual patient characteristics and risk factors. Further larger studies are necessary to explore adhesion prevention in a more personalized manner for individual patients in this context.
Endoconduit: Utilizing the “Pave-and-Crack” Technique to Treat an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm—A Contemporary Literature Review, and “How We Do It”
Authors: Garner Sydney , Alsabbagh Yaman , Sorrentino Mariano , Dahiya Rockey , Vandenberg Jonathan , Mahajan Biraaj , Erben Young , Farres Houssam , Anderson Erik , Fazzone Brian , Filiberto Amanda , Jacobs Christopher
Published: February 2025

We present an 81-year-old male with an extensive past medical history and an enlarging abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Axial imaging showed dense aortoiliac calcification with a complete occlusion of the right common iliac and high-grade stenosis of the left common iliac artery (CIA). Shockwave Intravascular Lithotripsy and the pave-and-crack technique utilizing an endoconduit were used to dilate the left external iliac artery and the CIA to facilitate placement of an aortic stent graft and exclude the patient’s AAA. This method gives surgeons the ability to treat patients with AAAs endovascularly, despite a heavily diseased and/or diminutive iliac anatomy. We also present a contemporary literature review of the utilization of the pave-and-crack technique as well as tips and tricks of how we do it.
Active Tourism and Intermodality: Railway Stations as Soft Mobility Hubs—An Assessment Framework for Italy
Authors: Senes Giulio , Ferrario Paolo Stefano , Riva Federico , Fumagalli Natalia , Corsini Denise , Donati Anna , Contestabile Luigi , Fondi Stefano , Rovelli Roberto
Published: February 2025

Since tourism involves the movement of people, mobility and tourism are deeply interconnected, with mutual growth dynamics but also shared negative effects, such as greenhouse gas emissions. Among the wide spectrum of policies and strategies for making tourism sustainable, soft mobility has gained increasing importance, becoming more and more a widespread form of active tourism, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. A sustainable approach, aimed at maintaining a balance between economic development and environmental protection, requires greater promotion of soft mobility and integration with rail transport. To make active tourism truly sustainable, the support of the railway network, a low-emission collective transport system, is needed, allowing people to reach destinations and move between destinations, taking advantage of intermodality. This needs the improvement of the connection between the two transport systems, the creation of services for visitors, and the organization of an appropriate railway service. Within this framework, the present work defines a methodology that, starting from the analysis of the relationships between railway stations, the soft mobility network, and attractions in the surrounding territory, allows us to identify stations that could serve as intermodal hubs for connecting local resources through soft mobility, according to a priority scale defined by the Soft Mobility HUB (SMH) Index. The methodology, applied to Italian railway stations, is based on the use of GIS (Geographic Information System) and AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process), allowing a rigorous, transparent, and participatory approach. The proposed model, which is replicable in other contexts, has been effective in identifying, in different scenarios, the stations most suitable for becoming hubs for soft mobility. It can serve as a support tool for decision-makers to maximize investments by focusing on stations capable to provide the greatest contribution to the development of active and diversified tourism.
Associations Between Urban Green Space Quality and Mental Wellbeing: Systematic Review
Authors: Xu Zhengyang , Marini Sofia , Mauro Mario , Maietta Latessa Pasqualino , Grigoletto Alessia , Toselli Stefania
Published: February 2025

With the rapidity of urbanisation, concerns about citizens’ mental wellbeing issues are on the rise, and simultaneously, the issue of land use conflicts is becoming increasingly prominent. As a nature-based solution, the role of urban green space has been continually emphasised in the past decade. In urban areas facing scarce land resources, improving the quality of green spaces appears to be an important approach. This review aimed to systematically elaborate the studies regarding the associations between urban green space (UGS) qualities and mental wellbeing, following the Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Twenty-two articles were included, and most of them had a cross-sectional design. From the analysis of the data, it emerged that the definition of the quality of green space is heterogeneous. Natural elements, particularly vegetation diversity and water features, consistently showed positive associations with mental wellbeing, while the effects of spatial features like accessibility showed mixed results. The impact of facilities and amenities appeared more complex, with their benefits heavily dependent on the design and maintenance. More evidence is needed to determine the mental wellbeing benefits of maintenance and the development of facilities and amenities for UGSs. In addition, the assessment of mental wellbeing relied on various self-reported scales, with different scales targeting different aspects. Instrumental measurements were rarely employed. Future research should employ more rigorous experimental methods and standardised quality assessment tools.
Urbanization and Drivers for Dual Capital City: Assessment of Urban Planning Principles and Indicators for a ‘15-Minute City’
Authors: Aboulnaga Mohsen , Ashour Fatma , Elsharkawy Maryam , Lucchi Elena , Gamal Sarah , Elmarakby Aya , Haggagy Shahenda , Karar Noureen , Khashaba Nourhan H. , Abouaiana Ahmed
Published: February 2025

Cities, particularly megacities, face significant challenges in transitioning toward sustainability. Many countries have developed dual or multiple capitals for diverse purposes (e.g., political, administrative, economic, touristic, and cultural). Limited research exists on the ‘15-minute city’ (15-MC) concept, particularly in regions like Middle East and North Africa (MENA region). This study evaluates the application of the ‘15-MC’ concept globally and regionally to derive Urban Planning Principles (UPPs) and indicators for livability and accessibility. Using a theoretical framework supported by site visits and quantitative assessments, the research examines two districts in the NAC as case studies. Key UPPs (e.g., proximity to services, mixed-use development, public transport, green spaces, community engagement, local economy, and sustainability) were evaluated along with walkability scores, bike infrastructure, and environmental impact indicators. The results reveal that most services in the two districts are accessible within a 15-minute walk or bike ride. However, essential facilities (e.g., universities and hospitals) exceed this threshold (20–30 min). The green area per inhabitant (17 m2/capita) meets WHO and European recommendations. The NAC has clean, green public transportation and 94.26 km of cycling lanes. For the sustainability indicator, air pollutants (PM10 and NO2) slightly exceed the WHO guidelines, but SO2 and Ozone levels are below the limits. The estimated waste per capita (274 kg) is lower than Cario and other counties. The findings suggest the NAC has the potential to fulfill the 15-MC concept through mixed-use developments, accessibility, and sustainable planning. This study serves for future research and modeling of the NAC when it is fully occupied.
Response of Soil Organic Carbon and Its Components to Alpine Wetland Degradation in Arid Central Asia
Authors: Abulaizi Maidinuer , Chen Mo , Tian Yuxin , Hu Yunpeng , Han Dongliang , Hu Yang , Zhou Jianqin , Yang Zailei , Jia Hongtao
Published: February 2025

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is composed of carbon components with different stabilities, which is affected by wetland degradation. Understanding the impact of wetland degradation on SOC dynamics provides a basis for the sustainable utilization of wetlands. Here, soils were collected from different degraded areas of the Bayinbuluk alpine wetland—including one non-degraded (ND), one slightly degraded (SD), and one heavily degraded region (HD)—and the effects of degradation on SOC and its components were measured using the sulfuric acid oxidation method (a modified Walkley–Blak method) with different concentrations. The results showed the following: (1) At 0–100 cm of soil, the average total SOC in the ND area was 93.45 g/kg, while that in the SD and HD areas was decreased by 48.7% and 82.0%, respectively. (2) Under ND, SD, and HD, the contents of the very labile OC component (F1) were 29%, 28% and 14%, respectively; those of the labile OC component (F2) were 8%, 8% and 8%, respectively; those of the less labile OC component (F3) were 6%, 7% and 15%, respectively; and those of the recalcitrant OC component (F4) were 57%, 57% and 63%, respectively. (3) There are significant correlations between organic carbon (OC) and its components (p < 0.01), and the proportions of F2, F3, and F4 in SOC are 31%, 7%, 4%, and 58%, respectively. Meanwhile, F4 is the main component in three areas, and the proportion of unstable organic carbon components increases with the aggravation of degradation. Therefore, wetland degradation affects the SOC content and its components, as well as reducing the SOC stability.
Physiological and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal the Underlying Mechanism of Salicylic Acid-Alleviated Drought Stress in Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.)
Authors: Zhang Hui , Xu Guofeng , Mubeen Samavia , Wei Rujian , Rehman Muzammal , Cao Shan , Wang Caijin , Yue Jiao , Pan Jiao , Jin Gang , Li Ru , Chen Tao , Chen Peng
Published: February 2025

Salicylic acid (SA) plays a crucial role in alleviating drought stress in plants. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying exogenous SA on the drought tolerance of kenaf. In this study, the kenaf seedlings were subjected to physiological and transcriptomic analysis under control (CK), moderate drought stress (D), and moderate drought stress with 1 mM SA (D_SA). Under drought conditions, SA significantly improved the plant biomass, leaf area, antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POD, and CAT), soluble sugars, starch and proline contents, and photosynthesis, while the contents of MDA, H2O2, and O2− were significantly decreased. A total of 3430 (1118 up-regulated and 2312 down-regulated) genes were differentially expressed in group D, compared with group CK. At the same time, 92 (56 up-regulated and 36 down-regulated) genes were differentially expressed in group D_SA compared with group D. GO and KEGG analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in various metabolic pathways, such as carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, and the metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides. Results showed that the genes related to the antioxidant system, sucrose and starch synthesis, osmoregulation, ABA signal regulation, and differentially expressed transcription factors, such as AP2/ERF4 and NF-Y1, were involved in the increased drought tolerance of kenaf under exogenous SA. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS)-mediated silencing of salicylate binding protein 2 gene (HcSABP2) decreased the drought resistance of kenaf seedlings. Thus, the present study provides valuable insights into the regulatory mechanism of exogenous SA in alleviating drought stress in kenaf.
Towards the Prediction of Responses to Cancer Immunotherapy: A Multi-Omics Review
Authors: Tao Weichu , Sun Qian , Xu Bingxiang , Wang Ru
Published: February 2025

Tumor treatment has undergone revolutionary changes with the development of immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors. Because not all patients respond positively to immune therapeutic agents, and severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are frequently observed, the development of the biomarkers evaluating the response of a patient is key for the application of immunotherapy in a wider range. Recently, various multi-omics features measured by high-throughput technologies, such as tumor mutation burden (TMB), gene expression profiles, and DNA methylation profiles, have been proved to be sensitive and accurate predictors of the response to immunotherapy. A large number of predictive models based on these features, utilizing traditional machine learning or deep learning frameworks, have also been proposed. In this review, we aim to cover recent advances in predicting tumor immunotherapy response using multi-omics features. These include new measurements, research cohorts, data sources, and predictive models. Key findings emphasize the importance of TMB, neoantigens, MSI, and mutational signatures in predicting ICI responses. The integration of bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing has enhanced our understanding of the tumor immune microenvironment and enabled the identification of predictive biomarkers like PD-L1 and IFN-γ signatures. Public datasets and machine learning models have also improved predictive tools. However, challenges remain, such as the need for large and diverse clinical datasets, standardization of multi-omics data, and model interpretability. Future research will require collaboration among researchers, clinicians, and data scientists to address these issues and enhance cancer immunotherapy precision.
Optimizing Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma: The Significance of Pre-Transplant Controlling Nutritional Status Score
Authors: Özkan Sıdıka Gülkan , Avcı Suna , Kimiaei Ali , Safaei Seyedehtina , Altuntaş Yüksel , Yüksel Öztürkmen Aslı , Aslı Durak Zeynep , Özdemir Sinem , Adeeb Abbara Mohammad , Ağyol Tuğba , Serdar Yıldız Mehmet , Özkan Hasan Atilla
Published: February 2025

Nutritional status is an important prognostic factor in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). The Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score has shown promise in predicting outcomes in various malignancies; however, its role in autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in patients with MM remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the significance of pre-transplant CONUT scores in predicting post-transplant engraftment kinetics and early complications in patients with MM undergoing ASCT. This single-center, retrospective study analyzed 59 multiple myeloma patients who underwent ASCT between 1 October 2022, and 1 July 2024. Pre-transplant CONUT scores were calculated, and their associations with various post-transplant outcomes were assessed using statistical analyses. Higher CONUT scores were independently associated with longer neutrophil engraftment times (p = 0.012). Patients who developed oral mucositis (OM) had significantly higher CONUT scores than those without OM (p = 0.028). A CONUT score cut-off of 2.5 demonstrated 100% sensitivity and 57.14% specificity in predicting OM (Area Under the Curve (AUC) 0.792, 95% CI: 0.654–0.930, p = 0.033). Our study demonstrates that a higher pre-transplant CONUT score is significantly associated with a delay in neutrophil engraftment and an increased risk of developing oral mucositis. These findings suggest that the CONUT score can serve as a valuable predictive tool for early post-transplant complications, thereby guiding targeted interventions and improving patient management.
Tribo-Dynamic Behavior of Double-Row Cylindrical Roller Bearings Under Raceway Defects and Cage Fracture
Authors: Fan Longqing , Zhao Xingwang , Hao Wei , Miao Chaoyang , Hu Xiuyuan , Fang Congcong
Published: February 2025

High-quality data samples are essential for the early detection of bearing failures and the analysis of bearing behavior. The accurate simulation of bearing fault conditions can provide valuable insights into understanding failure mechanisms. This paper establishes a new numerical simulation method for double-row cylindrical roller bearing (DCRB) faults based on the augmented Lagrange dynamics method, overcoming the limitations of previous models by incorporating fault conditions related to cage fracture. This method accounts for the dynamic behavior of the rollers during the motion cycle and their interactions with other DCRB components. By comparing the characteristic frequencies of the fault components, the model not only replicates the dynamic behavior of faulty DCRBs more accurately but also offers a deeper understanding of fault-induced dynamics. This advancement provides a more comprehensive and realistic tool for bearing fault analysis.
Permeable Concrete with Recycled Aggregates. Study of Its Mechanical and Microstructural Properties
Authors: González-Martínez Miguel Á. , Gómez-Soberón José M. , Leal-Castañeda Everth J.
Published: February 2025

The construction industry is a fundamental sector for the development of countries; however, it produces negative environmental impacts due to the demand for natural resources and the generation of construction and demolition waste (CDW). Therefore, the pursuit of solutions to recycle and reintegrate these wastes, which often accumulate in poorly regulated areas, becomes not only an environmental priority but also an opportunity to transform a problem into an advantage. Utilizing these residues contributes to reducing the pressure on natural resources, minimizes the environmental footprint of the construction sector, and promotes a more sustainable and responsible model that can serve as an example for future generations. The properties of recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) and recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) were determined in order to subsequently obtain the properties of different permeable recycled concrete (RPC) elaborated from a factorial design 23 with these aggregates. The properties studied were workability, permeability, volumetric weight, compression uniaxial, and bending. Finally, they were studied and correlated with their matrix microstructure by means of TGA and SEM tests, which allowed determining the compounds contained in the various mixtures and their impact on physical–mechanical behavior. The results indicate that RCA and RAP are feasible alternatives for making porous pavements in pedestrian or light traffic areas when recycled aggregates of 3/4” size are included in their matrix, resulting in the optimum dosage of the M5 3/4” mix in this research, whose mechanical properties are: uniaxial compressive strength: 15.39 MPa; flexural strength: 3.12 MPa; permeability: 0.375 cm/s.
Vibration-Based Anomaly Detection in Industrial Machines: A Comparison of Autoencoders and Latent Spaces
Authors: Radicioni Luca , Bono Francesco Morgan , Cinquemani Simone
Published: February 2025

In industrial settings, machinery components inevitably wear and degrade due to friction between moving parts. To address this, various maintenance strategies, including corrective, preventive, and predictive maintenance, are commonly employed. This paper focuses on predictive maintenance through vibration analysis, utilizing data-driven models. This study explores the application of unsupervised learning methods, particularly Convolutional Autoencoders (CAEs) and variational Autoencoders (VAEs), for anomaly detection (AD) in vibration signals. By transforming vibration signals into images using the Synchrosqueezing Transform (SST), this research leverages the strengths of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in image processing, which have proven effective in AD, especially at the pixel level. The methodology involves training CAEs and VAEs on data from machinery in healthy condition and testing them on new data samples representing different levels of system degradation. The results indicate that models with spatial latent spaces outperform those with dense latent spaces in terms of reconstruction accuracy and AD capabilities. However, VAEs did not yield satisfactory results, likely because reconstruction-based metrics are not entirely useful for AD purposes in such models. This study also highlights the potential of ReLU residuals in enhancing the visibility of anomalies. The data used in this study are openly available.