bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A ANGÚSTIA MÉDICA: REFLEXÕES ACERCA DO SOFRIMENTO DE QUEM CURA
Authors: Silva André Luiz Picolli da , Teixeira Mário Aurélio Aguiar
Published: August 2014

Pretende-se demonstrar como o status socialalcançado pela Medicina, acaba se transformando em umfator gerador de angustia e adoecimento para a classemédica como um todo. No cotidiano das instituições desaúde, é possível observar como os profissionais deMedicina são revestidos de um poder social que, ao mesmotempo em que lhes fornece grande prestigio, lhes cobraresponsabilidades extremas. A sociedade exige cada vezmais, que o médico seja capaz de solucionar de maneirarápida eficiente e certeira todos os problemas que lhe sãoapresentados, desconsiderando as limitações humanas desseprofissional. Estranhamente, essa forma de pensar e de agiré incentivada pela própria formação acadêmica, pois esta, fazcom que o estudante de Medicina, futuro médico, acrediteque possua qualidades quase sobre-humanas. Porém, aodeparar-se com a realidade limitadora do cotidiano, o médicojá formado, frustra-se ao perceber a impossibilidade deesgotar toda a demanda que lhe é apresentada, na forma que lhe é exigido. Dessa maneira, acaba desenvolvendosentimentos de angústia profunda, decorrentes dessafrustração. Como seu status social desaprova ademonstração de sinais de dificuldade ou insegurança, omédico se auto-proíbe de externalizar a angústia sentida,acabando por abafar seus sentimentos, sofrendo calado eisolado, construindo sua própria prisão, transformando-se emum ser que sofre, sem mostrar que sofre. Desse modo, esteartigo objetiva ser um chamado de alerta não só para a classe médica, mas também, para todos os que trabalham na área da Saúde, no sentido de repensarmos nossas formas deatuação enquanto profissionais.
CUIDADO DE ENFERMAGEM NA AVENTURA DO DESENVOLVIMENTO INFANTIL: REFLEXÕES SOBRE O LÚDICO NO MUNDO DA CRIANÇA
Authors: De Paula Cristiane Cardoso , Ravelli Ana Paula Xavier , Zinn Luciana Da Rosa , Da Motta Maria da Graça Corso
Published: August 2014

Trata-se de uma reflexão sobre o mundo da criança na perspectiva do lúdico no cuidado de enfermagem. O cuidado, enquanto arte e ciência, tem a possibilidade de buscar estratégias diferenciadas para cuidar da criança no seu processo de desenvolvimento; neste sentido, considera-se o cuidar lúdico uma alternativa ao encontro das concepções humanísticas da enfermagem. Inicialmente, faz-se uma reflexão sobre o significado do lúdico na infância. A seguir, aborda-se o mundo da criança e o cuidado de enfermagem no desenvolvimento infantil. Encerra-se com algumas considerações destacando a importância do lúdico no cuidado à criança.NURSING CARE IN THE ADVENTURE OF CHILD DEVELOPMENT: REFLEXIONS ON THE PLAY IN THE CHILD WORLDAbstractThis is a reflexion on the child world in perspective of play in the Nursing Care. The Care as Art and Science has the possibility of searching different strategies to take care of the child in her development process; in this sense one considers the game care as na alternative to the meeting of humanist concepts in Nursing. Initially one makes a reflexion on the meaning of game in childhood. As a follow up one approaches the child world and the Nursing Care in the child development. One ends with some considerations showing up the importance of play in the child care.
VALIDAÇÃO DOS PROCESSOS DE LIMPEZA E DESINFECÇÃO DOS ARTIGOS DE INALOTERAPIA E OXIGENOTERAPIA
Authors: Griep Rubens , Picolli Marister
Published: August 2014

Apresenta-se uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os principais aspectos relacionados aos processos de limpeza e desinfecção de artigos de inaloterapia e oxigenoterapia. A leitura dos textos de apoio, documentos e literatura específica possibilitaram a compreensão dos principais elementos a serem considerados na validação destes processos bem como apontam para a necessidade de reestruturação do Centro de Material e Esterilização como requisito fundamental para a melhoria da qualidade nos Estabelecimentos Assistenciais de Saúde.Validation for the cleaning and disinfection process of inhalation and oxygen therapy componentsAbstractA bibliographic revision of the main aspects related to the cleaning and disinfection processes of inhalation and oxygen therapy components is presented here. The reading of supporting text, documents and specific literature make the understanding of the main elements to be considered possible when validating these processes, and also point to the restructuring need of the Components and Sterilization Center (Centro de Material e Esterilização) as a fundamental requirement for the quality improvement at the Health Assistance Establishments (Estabelecimentos Assistenciais de Saúde).
A CRIAÇÃO DO ENSINO DE ENFERMAGEM NO BRASIL
Authors: Kletemberg Denise Faucz , Siqueira Márcia T. A. Dalledone
Published: August 2014

A retrospectiva histórica permite a análise dos fatos ocorridos de maneira crítica e reflexiva, procurando respostas a questionamentos que permeiam a prática contemporânea da Enfermagem. A imposição do mercado de trabalho, a dicotomia teoria-prática, o cuidado centrado apenas no saber-fazer, a submissão da categoria e sua conseqüente falta de autonomia possuem raízes históricas na construção profissional da categoria, tanto na prática como no ensino. Assim, apresenta-se uma análise histórica do Decreto n° 791, de 27 de setembro de 1890, assinado pelo então presidente da República, Marechal Deodoro da Fonseca, momento em que se criou a primeira escola de Enfermagem no Brasil. A análise e contextualização histórica do documento permitem vislumbrar que a ênfase no tecnicismo, a criação de mão-de-obra barata e a subserviência, já eram questões presentes no ensino da Enfermagem no país desde seus primórdios.The creation of the nursing teaching in BrazilAbstractThe historical retrospective allows the analysis of the facts in a critical and reflexive way, looking for answers to questions that arise in the comtemporary Nursing prctice. The theory-practice dichotomy, the care centered only in know-how-tomake, the submission of the category and its consequent lack of autonomy have historical roots in the professional construction of Nursing, in its practice as well as in the teaching process. We present an analysis of the n° 791 Decree signed by Marechal Deodoro da Fonseca, president of the Brazilian Republic at the time, which isntitued the fisrt school of Nursing in Brazil. The analysis of such decue in its historical context allow us to infer that teaching of Nursing in Brazil emphasizes the technical aspects since then.
GRUPO FOCAL  ESTRATÉGIA METODOLÓGICA QUALITATIVA: UM ENSAIO TEÓRICO
Authors: Aschidamini Ione Maria , Saupe Rosita
Published: August 2014

O artigo tem como objetivo abordar fundamentos teóricos sobre a técnica de Grupo Focal como Estratégia Metodológica Qualitativa. Abrange os aspectos objetivos e subjetivos do trabalho em grupo, bem como o papel do moderador e do(s) observador(es) como facilitadores do processo grupal. Destaca a importância das etapas sucessivas para a investigação através dos Grupos Focais e enfatiza a seleção dos participantes como tarefa relevante para o alcance dos objetivos da pesquisa.Focus Group  qualitative methodology strategy: a theoretical essayAbstractThe article aims to approach theoretical fundamentals on Focus Group technique as a Qualitative Methodology Strategy. It entails objective and subjective aspects of team work, as well the role of the mediator and observer(s) as team process facilitators. It points out the importance of the sucessive stages for the Focus Group investigation and emphasizes the participants selection as a significant task to achieve research goals.
CONVIVENDO COM UMA OSTOMIA: CONHECENDO PARA MELHOR CUIDAR
Authors: Farias Dóris Helena Ribeiro , Gomes Giovana Calcagno , Zappas Sueli
Published: August 2014

Trata-se de um estudo descritivo que objetiva identificar as alterações causadas por uma ostomia no viver de seus portadores. Foram realizadas entrevistas com oito ostomizados de uma cidade do Rio Grande do Sul. A resolução 196/96 foi seguida. Os dados foram analisados pela técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Verificamos que estes pacientes têm sua perspectiva de vida alterada, precisam adaptar-se ao uso de equipamentos, sentem medo da nova situação, têm sua imagem corporal desfeita, sua auto-estima diminuída e sua sexualidade comprometida, perdem o controle sobre o corpo e sentem-se estigmatizados. Algumas pessoas afastam-se do seu convívio enquanto outras se fazem mais presentes como forma de apoio. Verificamos que são complexas as alterações causadas pela ostomização e que a compreensão destas pelo enfermeiro tornam-se importantes no sentido de propiciar o planejamento de um cuidado mais efetivo, humano e de qualidade.Living with an ostomy: knowing for better caringAbstractThis is a descriptive study aiming to identify the changes caused by ostomy in ostomates daily lives. Complying with 196/96 resolution, eight ostomates were interviewed in a city in Rio Grande do Sul State/Brazil. Data were analyzed by the technique of Content Analysis. It was verified that these patients life perspective has changed. They need to adapt to the use of the equipment, so they fear the new situation. They have their self-image disrupted, their self-esteem diminished and their sexuality hindered; they lose control over their body and they feel stigmatized. Some people from their relations turn their back to them while others stand by them even more than they used to. It was evidenced that changes caused by ostomy are very complex, and it is important for nurses to understand them in order to provide a more effective, humanized and qualified care planning.
Padus serotina (Rosaceae), a new host plant for some species of parasitic microfungi
Authors: Ruszkiewicz-Michalska Nałgorzata , Mułenko Wiesław
Published: August 2014

Four species of parasitic microfungi were collected recenUy on Padus serotina (Ehrh.) Borkh. (Rosaceae) in Poland. Three species, Phyllactina guttata (Wallr. ex Fr.) Lév. (Erysiphales), Monilia linhartiana Sacc. (Hyphomycetes), and Microsphaeropsis olivacea (Bonord.) Höhn. (Coelomycetes), have not been reported before on thc plant, and Padus serotina is a new host for them. Monnilia linhartiana Sacc. is a new species for Poland. The fourth species, Podosphaera tridactyla (Wallr.) de Baly var. tridactyla (Erysiphales), is known only from three localities in Europe, and has been collected on the host plant in Poland for the first time.
The genus Craterium (Myxomycetes) in Poland
Authors: Stojanowska Wanda , Panek Eugeniusz
Published: August 2014

The paper presents an extended list of species of the genus Craterium, hitherto found in Poland.In the monograph on Polish slime moulds Krzemieniewska (1960) 3 species and 1 variety of that genus were mentioned. Lately, the following two new species have been recorded: Craterium concinnum Rex. and C. brunneum Nann.-Bremek. Craterium muscorum Ing, reported earlier under the name of Badhamia rubiginosa (Chevall) Rostaf. is also included in the present paper. All together, with Cratoium aureum (Schumach.) Rostaf. rarely occurring in Poland, and widespread C. minutum (Leers) Fr., C. leucocephalum (Pers.) Ditmar with its variety scyphoides (Cooke et Balf.) G. Lister, the number of taxa of the genus Craterium in Poland increased up to 7.
Microfungi in the soil of Scots pine forest in Poland and Germany
Authors: Kwaśna Hanna , Nirenberg Helgard I.
Published: August 2014

The soil microfungi in two 17-year-old Scots pine forest soils were surveyed. One forest was located in Poland, and the other in Germany,300 km apart. The total number of fungal taxa detected was 55 and included 11 zygomycetes, 1 ascomycete and 43 mitosporic fungi. From the Polish and German soils, 145 and 122 isolates representing 43 and 32 fungal species, respectively, were recorded. The most common genera were Penicillium (25% and 44%) with 11 and 8 species, Umbelopsis (15% and 14%) with 2 species, Oidiodendron griseum (10% and 9%), Mortierella (8% and 3%) with 4 and 2 species, and Trichodemta (6% and 2%) with 3 and 2 species, in the Polish and German soils, respectively. Only 18 taxa (32.7%) were recorded in both soils. Twenty five separate taxa (45.5%) were re00rded only in the Polish, and 12 taxa (21.8%) only in the German soil. Three dominant species, with percentage > 3% in the fungal community, found in both soils were Umbelopsis vinacea (13.8% and 8.2%), Oidiodendron griseum (10.3% and 9%) and Penicillium janczewskii (3.4% and 11.5%). The small number of fungi shared by both soils contributes to the opinion that there is a high species diversity among the microfungi in one European Scots pine forest soil ecosystem.
Preservation methods for isolates of ascochyta blight fungi
Authors: Marcinkowska Joanna
Published: August 2014

Isolates of ascochyta blight fungi, two of Ascochyta pisi, four of Mycosphaerella pinodes and four of Phoma pinodella were stored: A - on slants under mineral oil, B - on CN's medium agar disks, and as conidial suspension: C - in glycerine, D · in water. Viability and pathogenicity of recovered cultures after each consecutive year were assesed from 1991 to 1999. The compared parameters were first of all strongly influenced by the preservation method, but fungus species and number of years had a minor importance. The best for longer storage was method "A" because after 9 years the isolates were viable, highly pathogenic, and cultures recovered from them were clean. Thc method "C'' is good for short keeping (2-3 years), as conidia in vials need only small space and gave clean cultures.
Again…”on the necessity of mycological studies in Poland”
Authors: Bujakiewicz Anna
Published: August 2014

The significance and importance of mycocoenological research is stressed and various arguments and examples from the literature are mentioned. The considerations were presented by the Author on the Symposium devoted to the memory of Professor Bogusław Sałata in the 5-th anniversary of his death.
Puccinia scillae (Uredinales), a new species for Poland
Authors: Ruszkiewicz-Michalska Małgorzata , Michalski Marek
Published: August 2014

The paper presents a rust species new for Poland, that affects the ornamental plant Scilla siberica Haw. The distribution of the fungus and its host plants, both introduced and native in Europe, have been investigated. The data from neighbouring countries indicate that the parasite has been probably overlooked in Poland till now. There is a possibility, however, that the species is currently spreading in central and north-eastern Europe.
Macromycetes of xerothermic swards of the western Pomerania (NW Poland)
Authors: Stasińska Małgorzata
Published: August 2014

The paper presents results of mycocoenological studies conducted in 2 nature reserves (Brodogóry and Stary Przylep) located in the Western Pomerania. The research was carried out in 1995-2001 within patches of 2 plant associations: Potentillo-Stipetum capillatae and Adonido-Brachypodietum pinnati (Festuco-Brometea class. Regarding mycological aspects, the communities studied consist of low number of taxa. Among macrofungi found during these studies are particularly interesting: Calvatia candida, Disciseda candida, Gastrosporium simplex, Geastrum schmidelli Tulostoma fimbriatum and T. brumale.
Occurrence of Phytophthora citrophthora on Syringa vulgaris in Poland
Authors: Orlikowski Leszek B. , Szkuta Grażyna
Published: August 2014

Phytophora citrophora was isolated from dieback shoots, base of diseascd stems and top parts of lilac plants during 3 vegetation periods. The species was detected from about 75% of analysed plant parts. On V8 juice agar and potato-dextrose agar the quickest growth of the species was observed at 25·30°C but development did not occur at 5° and 35°C. Zoosporangia were mostly papillate from spherica1 to ellipsoidal with average dimensions 45.6 x 31.5 μm. P. citrophthora from 5 host plants caused necrosis development of leaves and stem pars of lilac but the quickest spread of disease occurred when plants or their parts were inoculated with isolates from Syringa vulgaris and Pieris japonica. It indicates that the pathogen may be transmissed in nurseries from diseased pieris grown near lilac.
Dyslipidemia in HIV‐positive patients: a randomized, controlled, prospective study on ezetimibe+fenofibrate versus pravastatin monotherapy
Authors: Grandi Anna M , Nicolini Eleonora , Rizzi Laura , Caputo Sara , Annoni Filippo , Cremona Anna M , Marchesi Chiara , Guasti Luigina , Maresca Andrea M , Grossi Paolo
Published: August 2014

Introduction

We designed a randomized, controlled prospective study aimed at comparing efficacy and tolerability of ezetimibe+fenofibrate treatment versus pravastatin monotherapy in dyslipidemic HIV‐positive (HIV+) patients treated with protease inhibitors (PIs).

Methods

We consecutively enrolled 42 HIV+ dyslipidemic patients on stable PIs therapy (LDL cholesterol >130 mg/dl or triglycerides 200–500 mg/dl with non‐HDL cholesterol >160 mg/dl). After basal evaluation, patients were randomized to a six‐month treatment with ezetimibe 10 mg/day+fenofibrate 200 mg/day or with pravastatin 40 mg/day. Both at the basal evaluation and after the six‐month treatment, the patients underwent blood tests for lipid parameters, and muscle and liver enzymes.

Results

At baseline, the two groups (21 patients each) were similar with regards to gender, age, BMI, blood pressure and virologic and metabolic parameters. After the six‐month therapy, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and non‐HDL cholesterol decreased significantly (p<0.01) in both groups. high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol increased (44±10 to 53±12 mg/dl, p<0.005) and triglycerides decreased (from 265±118 mg/dl to 149±37 mg/dl, p<0.001) in the ezetimibe+fenofibrate group, whereas both parameters remained unchanged in the pravastatin group. Mean values of creatine kinase (CK), alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were unchanged in both groups; only one patient in the pravastatin group stopped the treatment after two months, due to increased CK.

Conclusions

In dyslipidemic HIV+ patients on PI therapy, the association of ezetimibe+fenofibrate is more effective than pravastatin monotherapy in improving lipid profile and is also well tolerated.
A RanGTP-independent mechanism allows ribosomal protein nuclear import for ribosome assembly
Authors: Schütz Sabina , Fischer Ute , Altvater Martin , Nerurkar Purnima , Peña Cohue , Gerber Michaela , Chang Yiming , Caesar Stefanie , Schubert Olga T , Schlenstedt Gabriel , Panse Vikram G
Published: August 2014

Within a single generation time a growing yeast cell imports ∼14 million ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) into the nucleus for ribosome production. After import, it is unclear how these intrinsically unstable and aggregation-prone proteins are targeted to the ribosome assembly site in the nucleolus. Here, we report the discovery of a conserved nuclear carrier Tsr2 that coordinates transfer of the r-protein eS26 to the earliest assembling pre-ribosome, the 90S. In vitro studies revealed that Tsr2 efficiently dissociates importin:eS26 complexes via an atypical RanGTP-independent mechanism that terminates the import process. Subsequently, Tsr2 binds the released eS26, shields it from proteolysis, and ensures its safe delivery to the 90S pre-ribosome. We anticipate similar carriers—termed here escortins—to securely connect the nuclear import machinery with pathways that deposit r-proteins onto developing pre-ribosomal particles.
Winter sea ice melting in the Atlantic Water subduction area, Svalbard Norway
Authors: Tverberg V. , Nøst O. A. , Lydersen C. , Kovacs K. M.
Published: August 2014

Herein, we study a small area along the shelf west of Spitsbergen, near Prins Karls Forland, where warm, saline Atlantic Water of the West Spitsbergen Current currently first encounters sea ice. This sea ice is drifting in a coastal current that carries Arctic Water originating from the Barents Sea northward over the shelf. Our aim was to investigate whether melting of sea ice by Atlantic Water in this area might be a significant factor that could contribute to the formation of a cold halocline layer that isolates the sea ice from further melting from below. Observations of temperature and salinity profiles were collected during two winters, via CTD‐SRDL instruments deployed on harbor seals (Phoca vitulina), and fed into a heat and freshwater budget box model in order to quantify the importance of melting relative to other processes that could transform the shelf water mass during winter. Cross‐frontal exchange of Atlantic Water from the West Spitsbergen Current, driven by buoyancy forcing rather than Ekman upwelling, was determined to be the source of the heat that melted drift ice on the shelf. Some local sea ice formation did take place, but its importance in the total heat and freshwater budgets appeared to be minor. The data suggest that the production of a cold halocline layer was preceded by southerly winds and rapid drift ice melting.
Quad‐polarization SAR features of ocean currents
Authors: Kudryavtsev V. , Kozlov I. , Chapron B. , Johannessen J. A.
Published: August 2014

A methodology is demonstrated to exploit the polarization sensitivity of high‐resolution radar measurements to interpret and quantify upper ocean dynamics. This study particularly illustrates the potential of quad‐polarization synthetic aperture radar (SAR) measurements. The analysis relies on essential characteristics of the electromagnetic scattering mechanisms and hydrodynamical principles. As the relaxation scale of centimeter‐scale ocean surface scatters is typically small, radar signal anomalies associated with surface manifestations of the upper ocean dynamics on spatial scales exceeding 100 m are mostly dominated by nonresonant and nonpolarized scatters. These “scalar” contributions can thus efficiently trace local breaking and near‐breaking areas, caused by surface current variations. Using dual copolarized measurements, the polarized Bragg‐type radar scattering is isolated by considering the difference (PD) between vertically and horizontally polarized radar signals. The nonpolarized (NP) contribution associated with wave breaking is then deduced, using the measured polarization ratio (PR) between polarized signals. Considering SAR scenes depicting various surface manifestations of the upper ocean dynamics (internal waves, mesoscale surface current features, and SST front), the proposed methodology and set of decompositions (PD, PR, and NP) efficiently enable the discrimination between surface manifestation of upper ocean dynamics and wind field variability. Applied to quad‐polarized SAR images, such decompositions further provide unique opportunities to more directly assess the cross‐polarized (CP for HV or VH) signal sensitivity to surface roughness changes. As demonstrated, such an analysis unambiguously demonstrates and quantitatively evaluates the relative impact of breakers on cross‐polarized signals under low to moderate wind conditions.
Towards a Stable Organic Electrolyte for the Lithium Oxygen Battery
Authors: Adams Brian D. , Black Robert , Williams Zack , Fernandes Russel , Cuisinier Marine , Berg Erik Jaemstorp , Novak Petr , Murphy Graham K. , Nazar Linda F.
Published: August 2014

A new lithium‐ether‐derived chelate ionic liquid is synthesized to serve as an electrolyte for the Li‐O2 battery that is stable to metallic lithium, and whose ethereal framework is much more inherently stable to superoxide‐initiated hydrogen abstraction than the simple glyme, dimethoxyethane (DME). Reactions of chemically generated superoxide with this electrolyte show that virtually no decomposition products such as lithium formate are generated. When the electrolyte is employed in a Li‐O2 battery, a ten‐fold decrease in CO2 evolution is evident on charge by comparison to DME and greatly enhanced cycling stability is observed with TiC as a cathode support. A mechanism is proposed to account for the lowered reactivity, offering new insight into the stability of organic electrolytes in Li‐O2 batteries. This approach for electrolyte design is presented here for the first time, and it can be extended to other organic systems to provide a platform for the design of advanced electrolyte systems.
A mechanistic growth model for inorganic crystals: Solid‐state interactions
Authors: Dandekar Preshit , Doherty Michael F.
Published: August 2014

Growth shapes of inorganic crystalline solids govern material properties such as catalytic activity and selectivity, solar cell efficiency, and so forth. A systematic understanding of the crystal growth process and the solid‐state interactions within inorganic crystals should help to engineer crystal shapes. A general model that identifies periodic bond chains in inorganic crystals while accounting for the long‐range electrostatic interactions is presented. The variation in the electronic structure and the partial charges of growth units on the inorganic crystal surfaces has been captured using the bond valence model. The electrostatic interaction energies in the kink sites of inorganic crystals were calculated using a space partitioning method that is computationally efficient. This model provides a quantitative explanation for the asymmetric growth spirals formed on the
surface of calcite. This methodology for studying solid‐state interactions can be used with a mechanistic growth model to predict the morphology of a wide variety of inorganic crystals. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 3707–3719, 2014
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants in the European haplogroups HV, JT, and U do not have a major role in schizophrenia
Authors: Torrell Helena , Salas Antonio , Abasolo Nerea , Morén Constanza , Garrabou Glòria , Valero Joaquín , Alonso Yolanda , Vilella Elisabet , Costas Javier , Martorell Lourdes
Published: August 2014

It has been reported that certain genetic factors involved in schizophrenia could be located in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Therefore, we hypothesized that mtDNA mutations and/or variants would be present in schizophrenia patients and may be related to schizophrenia characteristics and mitochondrial function. This study was performed in three steps: (1) identification of pathogenic mutations and variants in 14 schizophrenia patients with an apparent maternal inheritance of the disease by sequencing the entire mtDNA; (2) case‐control association study of 23 variants identified in step 1 (16 missense, 3 rRNA, and 4 tRNA variants) in 495 patients and 615 controls, and (3) analyses of the associated variants according to the clinical, psychopathological, and neuropsychological characteristics and according to the oxidative and enzymatic activities of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. We did not identify pathogenic mtDNA mutations in the 14 sequenced patients. Two known variants were nominally associated with schizophrenia and were further studied. The MT‐RNR2 1811A > G variant likely does not play a major role in schizophrenia, as it was not associated with clinical, psychopathological, or neuropsychological variables, and the MT‐ATP6 9110T > C p.Ile195Thr variant did not result in differences in the oxidative and enzymatic functions of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The patients with apparent maternal inheritance of schizophrenia did not exhibit any mutations in their mtDNA. The variants nominally associated with schizophrenia in the present study were not related either to phenotypic characteristics or to mitochondrial function. We did not find evidence pointing to a role for mtDNA sequence variation in schizophrenia. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Alkylideneindoleninium Ions and Alkylideneindolenines: Key Intermediates for the Asymmetric Synthesis of 3‐Indolyl Derivatives
Authors: Wang Liang , Chen Yuye , Xiao Jian
Published: August 2014

Alkylideneindoleninium ions and alkylideneindolenines generated from 3‐substituted indoles are important intermediates in organic synthesis, which can be trapped by a large variety of nucleophilic reagents to construct biologically important 3‐indolyl derivatives. This Focus Review summarizes the recent developments in asymmetric syntheses of 3‐indolyl derivatives via alkylideneindoleninium ions or alkylideneindolenines. The elimination mechanism of leaving groups and asymmetric strategies are discussed.
The effects of epistaxis on health‐related quality of life in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
Authors: Merlo Christian A. , Yin Linda X. , Hoag Jeffrey B. , Mitchell Sally E. , Reh Douglas D.
Published: August 2014

Background

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant disease mainly characterized by epistaxis in more than 96% of patients. Recently, a validated questionnaire known as the HHT Epistaxis Severity Score (ESS) was developed. However, little is known about the relationship between epistaxis and quality of life. We hypothesize that epistaxis severity is a major factor predicting health‐related quality of life (HR‐QoL) in HHT patients.

Methods

This is a cross‐sectional study. The ESS questionnaire and Medical Outcomes Study 36‐item short form (SF‐36) were administered to subjects through an Internet survey. All participants had a definitive diagnosis of HHT through Curaçao criteria or genetic testing. Demographic information, genetics, and extensive histories were also collected. Descriptive analyses were performed with calculations of means and standard deviations (SDs) for continuous variables and proportions for categorical variables. Linear regressions were then performed to assess the association between HR‐QoL and ESS.

Results

A total of 604 subjects participated between April and August 2008. All patients reported epistaxis, 285 (47.2%) had telangiectasias, and 545 (90.2%) had a family history of HHT; 167 (27.6%) patients had mild epistaxis (ESS <4), 285 (47.2%) reported moderate epistaxis (≥4 ESS <7), and 152 (25.2%) reported severe epistaxis (ESS ≥7). Patients with severe epistaxis had lower scores for both the Physical Component Summary (PCS) and the Mental Component Summary (MCS) of HR‐QoL when compared to those with mild epistaxis (p < 0.001, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The ESS is a major determinant of HR‐QoL and should be considered as a measurement of treatment efficacy in HHT‐related epistaxis.
When do the risks of repeated courses of corticosteroids exceed the risks of surgery?
Authors: Leung Randy M. , Dinnie Keith , Smith Timothy L.
Published: August 2014

Background

The management of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) becomes unclear when patients require multiple courses of corticosteroids to maintain quality of life. Repeated courses of corticosteroids carry increased risks to patients. Although endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is an effective therapeutic modality, it also carries inherent risks. This study aims to identify the threshold at which the risks of repeated courses of corticosteroid exceed the risks of surgery.

Methods

An evidence‐based risk analysis was simulated using literature‐reported complication rates, quality of life changes, and Medicare costs. Simulations were performed from the Medicare patient perspective, societal perspective, and the universal healthcare patient perspective.

Results

All 3 simulations demonstrate a breakeven threshold favoring surgery over medical therapy when patients require oral corticosteroids (OCS) more often than once every 2 years in CRSwNP, once per year in CRSwNP/asthma, or twice per year for Samter's triad patients.

Conclusion

This represents the first rationalized evidence‐based analysis for when surgery should be considered in place of repeated courses of oral corticosteroids. This threshold provides a guide for otolaryngologists to use when making clinical decisions with patients.
Ein intrinsisch 5‐Fluor‐2′‐desoxyuridin beinhaltendes Aptamer für die gezielte Chemotherapie
Authors: Kruspe Sven , Hahn Ulrich
Published: August 2014

Ein Aptamer, das spezifisch an den Interleukin‐6‐Rezeptor bindet und intrinsisch mehrere Einheiten des Nukleosidanalogons 5‐Fluor‐2′‐desoxyuridin beinhaltet, ist in der Lage, gezielt einen zytostatischen Effekt auf Zellen auszuüben, die diesen Rezeptor tragen. Das Aptamer kann in einem einzigen enzymatischen Schritt synthetisiert werden und bindet an einen Zelloberflächenrezeptor, der in das Lysosom transportiert wird. Ausschließlich dort in den Zielzellen führt der Abbau durch intrazelluläre Nukleasen zur Freisetzung des aktivierten Wirkstoffs. Dadurch erfüllt das Aptamer als Prodrug zwei grundlegende Voraussetzungen eines Systems zur gezielten Pharmakotherapie: das spezifische Ansteuern von Zielzellen und die durch einen endogenen Stimulus ausgelöste kontrollierte Wirkstoff‐Freisetzung.
Vanadium‐Catalyzed Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Quaternary α‐Trifluoromethyl Nitriles by Electrophilic Trifluoromethylation
Authors: Früh Natalja , Togni Antonio
Published: August 2014

The direct electrophilic trifluoromethylation of silyl ketene imines (SKIs) with hypervalent iodine reagents leads to the formation of quaternary α‐trifluoromethyl nitriles in good yields. This new reaction has been carried out with a variety of substituted SKIs under solvent‐free conditions using a vanadium(IV) catalyst (5 mol %). The corresponding products may be transformed into useful organofluorine building blocks.
An Elegant Microwave Assisted One‐Pot Synthesis of Di(α‐aminophosphonate) Pesticides
Authors: Chandra Sekhar Reddy Gangireddy , Radha Rani Chinthaparthi , Veera Narayana Reddy Mudumala , Suresh Reddy Cirandur
Published: August 2014

A new class of di(α‐aminophosphonate) pesticides were prepared by the Kabachnik–Fields reaction under solvent‐ and catalyst‐free conditions with microwave irradiation, and the products were obtained in good‐to‐excellent yields at shorter reaction time. These compounds were characterized by IR, 1H, 13C, 31P NMR, and mass spectral data. Among them, compounds 4f, 4c, and 4h showed good pesticidal activity against Spodoptera litura, with 92.6, 91.3, and 89.3% mortality.
Dimeric Tetrathiafulvalene Linked to pseudo‐ortho‐[2.2]Paracyclophane: Chiral Electrochromic Properties and Use as a Chiral Dopant
Authors: Kobayakawa Kosuke , Hasegawa Masashi , Sasaki Hiroaki , Endo Junta , Matsuzawa Hideyo , Sako Katsuya , Yoshida Jun , Mazaki Yasuhiro
Published: August 2014

A dimeric tetrathiafulvalene installed into a chiral pseudo‐ortho‐[2.2]paracyclophane framework was synthesized as a novel chiral electrochromic material. This compound exhibited pronounced chiroptical properties in the UV‐Vis‐NIR range depending on its redox states without racemization. Each enantiomer was examined as a chiral dopant for nematic liquid crystals (LCs), and the induced helicity of the LC solvent was in accord with that of the tetrathiafulvalene compound.
Copper(I) Oxide Nanoparticles in Glycerol: A Convenient Catalyst for Cross‐Coupling and Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition Processes
Authors: Chahdoura Faouzi , Pradel Christian , Gómez Montserrat
Published: August 2014

Well‐defined and small copper(I) oxide nanoparticles stabilised by poly(vinylpyrrolidone) in neat glycerol have been synthesised under a dihydrogen atmosphere. The as‐prepared material has been successfully applied in Cheteroatom couplings and azide–alkyne cycloadditions to give the desired products selectively with isolated yields higher than 90 %. Different amines have been used in the CN couplings, which include aqueous ammonia, that led to the synthesis of anilines. Mono‐1,4‐disubstituted triazoles and also bis‐ and tris(triazoles) have been obtained by the regioselective Cu‐catalysed Huisgen reaction, which comprises the synthesis of dissymmetrical substituted bis(triazoles). The catalytic glycerol phase could be recycled at least ten times and keeps its activity and selectivity. Moreover this versatile catalyst allowed tandem cycloaddition/CN coupling processes to give the corresponding polyfunctional products in a high global yield without the isolation of intermediates.
Guest Modulation of Spin‐Crossover Transition Temperature in a Porous Iron(II) Metal–Organic Framework: Experimental and Periodic DFT Studies
Authors: Aravena Daniel , Castillo Zulema Arcís , Muñoz M. Carmen , Gaspar Ana B. , Yoneda Ko , Ohtani Ryo , Mishima Akio , Kitagawa Susumu , Ohba Masaaki , Real José Antonio , Ruiz Eliseo
Published: August 2014

The synthesis, structure, and magnetic properties of three clathrate derivatives of the spin‐crossover porous coordination polymer {Fe(pyrazine)[Pt(CN)4]} (1) with five‐membered aromatic molecules furan, pyrrole, and thiophene is reported. The three derivatives have a cooperative spin‐crossover transition with hysteresis loops 14–29 K wide and average critical temperatures Tc=201 K (1⋅fur), 167 K (1⋅pyr), and 114.6 K (1⋅thio) well below that of the parent compound 1 (Tc=295 K), confirming stabilization of the HS state. The transition is complete and takes place in two steps for 1⋅fur, while 1⋅pyr and 1⋅thio show 50 % spin transition. For 1⋅fur the transformation between the HS and IS (middle of the plateau) phases occurs concomitantly with a crystallographic phase transition between the tetragonal space groups P4/mmm and I4/mmm, respectively. The latter space group is retained in the subsequent transformation involving the IS and the LS phases. 1⋅pyr and 1⋅thio display the tetragonal P4/mmm and orthorhombic Fmmm space groups, respectively, in both HS and IM phases. Periodic calculations using density functional methods for 1⋅fur, 1⋅pyr, 1⋅thio, and previously reported derivatives 1⋅CS2, 1⋅I, 1⋅bz(benzene), and 1⋅pz(pyrazine) have been carried out to investigate the electronic structure and nature of the host–guest interactions as well as their relationship with the changes in the LS–HS transition temperatures of 1⋅Guest. Geometry‐optimized lattice parameters and bond distances in the empty host 1 and 1⋅Guest clathrates are in general agreement with the X‐ray diffraction data. The concordance between the theoretical results and the experimental data also comprises the guest molecule orientation inside the host and intermolecular distances. Furthermore, a general correlation between experimental Tc and calculated LS–HS electronic energy gap was observed. Finally, specific host–guest interactions were studied through interaction energy calculations and crystal orbital displacement (COD) curve analysis.
White Emitters by Tuning the Excited‐State Intramolecular Proton‐Transfer Fluorescence Emission in 2‐(2′‐Hydroxybenzofuran)benzoxazole Dyes
Authors: Benelhadj Karima , Muzuzu Wenziz , Massue Julien , Retailleau Pascal , Charaf‐Eddin Azzam , Laurent Adèle D. , Jacquemin Denis , Ulrich Gilles , Ziessel Raymond
Published: August 2014

The synthesis, structural, and photophysical properties of a new series of original dyes based on 2‐(2′‐hydroxybenzofuran)benzoxazole (HBBO) is reported. Upon photoexcitation, these dyes exhibit intense dual fluorescence with contribution from the enol (E*) and the keto (K*) emission, with K* being formed through excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT). We show that the ratio of emission intensity E*/K* can be fine‐tuned by judiciously decorating the molecular core with electron‐donating or ‐attracting substituents. Push–pull dyes 9 and 10 functionalized by a strong donor (nNBu2) and a strong acceptor group (CF3 and CN, respectively) exhibit intense dual emission, particularly in apolar solvents such as cyclohexane in which the maximum wavelength of the two bands is the more strongly separated. Moreover, all dyes exhibit strong solid‐state dual emission in a KBr matrix and polymer films with enhanced quantum yields reaching up to 54 %. A wise selection of substituents led to white emission both in solution and in the solid state. Finally, these experimental results were analyzed by time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) calculations, which confirm that, on the one hand, only E* and K* emission are present (no rotamer) and, on the other hand, the relative free energies of the two tautomers in the excited state guide the ratio of the E*/K* emission intensities.
Anion‐Responsive Tunable Bulk‐Phase Homochirality and Luminescence of a Cationic Framework
Authors: Manna Biplab , Joarder Biplab , Desai Aamod V. , Karmakar Avishek , Ghosh Sujit K.
Published: August 2014

Reaction of a linear bi‐chelating N‐donor achiral ligand with ZnII afforded a homochiral cationic framework with six‐fold one‐dimensional helical chains. The compound showed selective anion exchange behavior with interesting anion‐responsive tunable bulk‐phase homochirality. The cationic framework also presented anion‐driven variable luminescence and sorption behavior.
Near‐Infrared Croconaine Rotaxanes and Doped Nanoparticles for Enhanced Aqueous Photothermal Heating
Authors: Spence Graeme T. , Lo Shun Shang , Ke Chenfeng , Destecroix Harry , Davis Anthony P. , Hartland Gregory V. , Smith Bradley D.
Published: August 2014

The photothermal effect is the generation of heat by molecules or particles upon high‐energy laser irradiation, and near‐infrared absorbers such as gold nanoparticles and organic dyes have a range of potential photothermal applications. The favourable photothermal properties of thiophene‐functionalised croconaine dyes were recently discovered. The synthesis and properties of novel croconaine rotaxane and pseudorotaxane architectures capable of efficient photothermal performance in both organic and aqueous environments are reported. The versatility of this dye‐encapsulation strategy was demonstrated by the preparation of two organic croconaine rotaxanes using different synthetic methods: the formation of an aqueous pseudorotaxane association complex, and the synthesis of water‐soluble, croconaine‐doped silicated micelle nanoparticles. All of these near‐infrared‐absorbing systems exhibit excellent photothermal behaviour, with pseudorotaxane and rotaxane formation vital for effective aqueous heat generation. Dye encapsulation provides steric protection to enhance the stability of a water‐sensitive croconaine dye, while rotaxane‐doped nanoparticles avoid detrimental band broadening caused by chromophore coupling.
Gold Nanoparticles Confined in Vertically Aligned Silica Nanochannels and Their Electrocatalytic Activity Toward Ascorbic Acid
Authors: Ding Longhua , Li Wanzhen , Sun Qinqin , He Yayun , Su Bin
Published: August 2014

A facile method of confining gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in silica nanochannels aligned perpendicularly to an underlying electrode surface is reported. The nanochannel surface carrying a layer of (3‐aminopropyl)triethoxy silane (APTS) displays a strong electrostatic interaction with AuCl4−, eventually resulting in the confinement of AuNPs inside the nanochannels after chemical reduction. As‐prepared AuNPs in APTS‐modified mesoporous silica film (APTS‐MSF) are highly dispersed with a narrow size distribution. Furthermore, these AuNPs are free of protecting ligands and exhibit a good electrochemical catalytic activity toward the oxidation of ascorbic acid.
Electrochemical Intramolecular Aminooxygenation of Unactivated Alkenes
Authors: Xu Fan , Zhu Lin , Zhu Shaobin , Yan Xiaomei , Xu Hai‐Chao
Published: August 2014

An electrochemical approach to the intramolecular aminooxygenation of unactivated alkenes has been developed. This process is based on the addition of nitrogen‐centered radicals, generated through electrochemical oxidation, to alkenes followed by trapping of the cyclized radical intermediate with 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxyl radical (TEMPO). Difunctionalization of a variety of alkenes with easily available carbamates/amides and TEMPO affords aminooxygenation products in high yields and with excellent trans selectivity for cyclic systems (d.r. up to>20:1). The approach provides a much‐needed complementary route to existing cis‐selective methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of β‐Mg2C3: A Monoclinic High‐Pressure Polymorph of Magnesium Sesquicarbide.
Authors: Strobel Timothy A. , Kurakevych Oleksandr O. , Kim Duck Young , Le Godec Yann , Crichton Wilson , Guignard Jeremy , Guignot Nicolas , Cody George D. , Oganov Artem R.
Published: August 2014

The new title polymorph of Mg2C3 is prepared from the elements under high pressure/high temperature conditions (9—20 GPa, 1700—2000 K) and characterized by synchrotron powder XRD, mass spectrometry, solid state NMR and Raman spectroscopy, and DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Ce3+‐Activated γ‐Ca2SiO4 and Other Olivine‐Type ABXO4 Phosphors for Solid‐State Lighting.
Authors: Kalaji Ali , Mikami Masayoshi , Cheetham Anthony K.
Published: August 2014

The photoluminescent behavior of Ce3+ in oxides with the olivine structure with two distorted octahedral doping sites is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Clathrate Formation in the Systems Sr—Cu—Ge and {Ba,Sr}—Cu—Ge.
Authors: Zeiringer I. , Moser R. , Kneidinger F. , Podloucky R. , Royanian E. , Grytsiv A. , Bauer E. , Giester G. , Falmbigl M. , Rogl P.
Published: August 2014

A novel clathrate type‐I phase, Sr8CuxGe46‐x (5.2 ≤ x < 5.4), is detected in arc melted ingots which exists close to the Zintl limit in a small temperature interval.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Characterization of a Congruent Melting Compound Magnesium Strontium Diborate MgSrB2O5.
Authors: Guo Xinfeng , Wu Hongping , Pan Shilie , Yang Zhihua , Yu Hongwei , Zhang Bingbing , Han Jian , Zhang Fangyuan
Published: August 2014

The title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of MgO, Sr(NO3)2, and H3BO3 (Pt crucible, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Revised Bi/M Layered Oxo‐Sulfate (M: Co, Cu): A Structural and Magnetic Study.
Authors: Lue Minfeng , Colmont Marie , Kabbour Houria , Colis Silviu , Mentre Olivier
Published: August 2014

Reinvestigation of mixed Bi/M (M: Co, Cu) oxo‐sulfates using crystal growth in Bi2O3 flux, single crystal XRD, magnetic measurements, and DFT calculations lead to the full structural characterization of (IV) and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Polyoxomolybdate‐Supported Bismuth Trihalides [Mo8O26(BiX3)2]4‐ (X: Cl, Br, I): Syntheses and Study of Polymorphism.
Authors: Adonin Sergey A. , Peresypkina Eugenia V. , Sokolov Maxim N. , Korolkov Ilya V. , Fedin Vladimir P.
Published: August 2014

The new octamolybdate complexes (IIIa—c) are characterized by powder and single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Structures, and Physical Properties of CsRE2Ag3Te5 (RE: Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd—Er) and RbRE2Ag3Te5 (RE: Sm, Gd—Dy).
Authors: Meng Chang‐Yu , Chen Hong , Wang Peng
Published: August 2014

The title compounds are synthesized by solid state reactions of the elements using RbCl or CsCl as a flux (Ar, silica tube, 1123 K, 100 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters by Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Substitution of Allyl Phosphates with Arylboronates.
Authors: Takeda Momotaro , Takatsu Keishi , Shintani Ryo , Hayashi Tamio
Published: August 2014

In several cases achiral byproducts as a result of α‐substitution are found.
ChemInform Abstract: Phenacyl Bromides Revisited: Facile Synthesis of Some New Pyrazoles, Pyridazines, and Their Fused Derivatives.
Authors: Abdelrazek Fathy M. , Hassaneen Hamdi M. , Nassar Ekhlass M. , Jager Anna
Published: August 2014

Reactions of malononitrile derivatives of type (I) with hydrazine hydrate and phenyl hydrazine and some related reactions are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Hydrogenation of Aromatic Rings Catalyzed by Pd/NiO.
Authors: Wang Yanan , Cui Xinjiang , Deng Youquan , Shi Feng
Published: August 2014

Phenol (I) and benzene (III) derivatives with various structures are hydrogenated into the corresponding cyclohexanol (II) and cyclohexane derivatives (IV) with good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed C(sp2)—H and C(sp3)—H Arylation by Triazole Assistance.
Authors: Gu Qing , Al Mamari Hamad H. , Graczyk Karolina , Diers Emelyne , Ackermann Lutz
Published: August 2014

This method utilizes a triazole‐derived auxiliary for the iron‐catalyzed activation of otherwise inert C(sp2)—H and C(sp3)—H bonds.
ChemInform Abstract: Aryl Formate as Bifunctional Reagent: Applications in Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Coupling Reactions Using in situ Generated CO.
Authors: Li Haoquan , Neumann Helfried , Beller Matthias , Wu Xiao‐Feng
Published: August 2014

The carbonylative reactions rely on the cooperation between phenyl formate and nonaflate and the generation of CO in situ by using aryl formates as the CO source and pseudohalide precursors.