bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Winter is coming: age and early psychological concomitants of the Covid-19 pandemic in England
Authors: Carson Jerome , Prescott Julie , Allen Rosie , McHugh Sandie
Published: July 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to demonstrate early psychological concomitants of the Covid-19 pandemic in England on a sample of younger and older people.

Design/methodology/approach

A cross-sectional quantitative questionnaire (n = 1608) was conducted on the Prolific website. Participants completed the PERMA Scale (Flourishing), the four Office of National Statistics (ONS4) Well-being Questions, the Clinical Outcomes Measure in Routine Evaluation (CORE-10) and the short University of California Los Angeles Brief Loneliness Scale.

Findings

Data were gathered on March 18, 2020, near the start of the Covid-19 pandemic. This study looks at the effects of the developing pandemic on younger participants (18 to 25 years, n = 391) and older participants (60 to 80 years, n = 104). Flourishing levels for older participants were significantly higher (M = 107.96) than for younger participants (M = 97.80). Younger participants scored significantly higher on the ONS4 for anxiety and lower than the older participants for happiness, life satisfaction and having a worthwhile life. Levels of psychological distress (CORE-10) were also significantly lower for older participants (M = 9.06) than for younger participants (M = 14.61). Finally, younger participants scored significantly higher on the Brief UCLA Loneliness Scale (M = 6.05) than older participants (M = 4.64).

Research limitations/implications

From these findings, the Covid-19 pandemic was having a significantly greater effect on younger people in England, less than one week before the UK went into “lockdown”. Scores for both the Younger and Older groups on all the study measures were worse than normative comparisons. The study had no specific measure of Covid-19 anxiety, but nor was one available at the time of the survey.

Practical implications

This study suggests that younger people (18 to 25) may be a more vulnerable group during the Covid-19 pandemic than many may have realized.

Social implications

As a recent British Psychological Society report concluded, there is a lot of untapped wisdom amongst older groups in society.

Originality/value

This is one of the earliest studies to look at psychological distress before England went into “lockdown.”
Integration of online and offline channels in retail: feasibility of BOPS?
Authors: Zhang Qinyi , Cao Wen , Liu Yongmei , Zhang Zhichao
Published: July 2020

Purpose

As one of the omnichannel sales models, “buy online and pick up in store” (BOPS) not only is used in the commercial field but also has gradually attracted many scholars’ interests. However, although there are numerous research ideas, most of the current work is still limited to theoretical and empirical research, and few scholars study BOPS through models. This paper aims to discuss the best market conditions and opportunities for the implementation of BOPS against the backdrop of omnichannel by means of mathematical models and data simulations and discuss the optimal price–service strategies under different sales models.

Design/methodology/approach

First, from the perspective of different consumer shopping types, this paper separately divides consumers into different groups in traditional “dual channel” and BOPS models. Then, the authors analyze the impact of company market size, consumer service sensitivity and the scale of BOPS on companies’ strategies and the profit of the supply chain. Subsequently, they conduct an empirical analysis through specific values. Finally, the authors further expand the model on the basis of the original research, and discuss the retailer’s fairness concerns and unit compensation strategy to ensure that the research content is more rigorous.

Findings

It is observed that whether companies adopt BOPS depends on consumers’ service sensitivity degree and the scale of BOPS consumers and online retailers: when the sensitivity and the proportion of online consumers are high or the number of BOPS consumers is large, it is more advantageous for companies to implement BOPS. Moreover, companies should not only consider the market scale and production cost but also have a precise orientation of consumers’ experience sensitivity and willingness to engage in extra consumption when making price and service strategies. At the same time, the compensation strategy of companies and the peer-regarding fairness concern behavior of offline retailers will affect the optimal price and service strategy in the BOPS model.

Social implications

These results provide managerial insights for companies preparing to implement BOPS and promote the development of relevant theories in the channel field.

Originality/value

At present, most of the research on BOPS is based on empirical reviews. However, this paper analyzes the applicability and feasibility of implementing BOPS by using specific models, and it will provide some reference for companies preparing to implement BOPS. In addition, this paper also discusses the unit compensation strategy and peer-regarding fairness concern behavior in the BOPS model, which have not been studied by relevant scholars.
Comparison of commonly used dietary assessment methods in individuals without obesity
Authors: Baspinar Busra , Özçelik Ayşe Özfer
Published: July 2020

Purpose

This study aims to compare commonly used dietary assessment methods in non-obese young adults.

Design/methodology/approach

This study was carried out on 22 females and 21 males, who were aged between 20 and 25, with no chronic diseases and were not obese or on any diet. The data was collected face to face. In this study, the authors evaluated the consistency of nonconsecutive three-day 24-h recall method (3 × 24HR), which was chosen as a reference for the determination of food consumption, with one-day 24-h recall method (1 × 24HR), three-day food record method (3 × FR) and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), which has been frequently used in food consumption research. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) and Bland–Altman graphs were performed in the statistical analyses to determine the association between dietary assessment methods.

Findings

When the data obtained from the food consumption records were evaluated according to reference method, it was found that the PCC was at moderate and higher level (mean r = 0.513 for 1 × 24HR; r = 0.564 for 3 × FR; and r = 0.452 for FFQ), and the mean ICC was 0.456 for 1 × 24HR, 0.557 for 3 × FR and 0.377 for FFQ. In addition, it was determined that energy and macronutrient values analyzed with Bland–Altman method were consistent with the reference method and that the other methods could also be used instead of the reference method. Under and over reporting was detected in all methods. The method with the highest accurate reporting was 3 × 24HR (72.1%) according to Goldberg standard. In FFQ method, accurate reporting is higher in males (p = 0.01); in other methods, it was determined that there was no significant difference by gender.

Originality/value

In this study, the consistency of the reference, 3 × 24HR method, with the other three methods was determined to be at a moderate and higher level and that they could replace each other according to characteristics of the participants.
Can humble leaders nurture employee well-being? The roles of job crafting and public service motivation
Authors: Luu Tuan Trong
Published: July 2020

Purpose

Though humble leaders can draw from their own resources to nurture employees' sense of well-being, this impact appears neglected in the leader humility literature. The aim of this study is to unfold how and when leader humility contributes to the well-being of employees in the public sector.

Design/methodology/approach

Participants in our research came from wards (grassroot level governments) in Vietnam.

Findings

The results lent credence to role of job crafting in mediating the relationships between leader humility and the physical, psychological and social well-being among public employees. The positive nexus between leader humility and job crafting was found to be stronger when employees demonstrated low levels of public service motivation.

Originality/value

This study advances the understanding of public sector employees' well-being via the predictive role of leader humility and the mediation mechanism of job crafting.
Island invasion and reinvasion: Informing invasive species management with genetic measures of connectivity
Authors: Pichlmueller Florian , Murphy Elaine C. , MacKay Jamie W. B. , Henderson John , Fewster Rachel M. , Russell James C.
Published: July 2020

Invasive species are the major threat to island biodiversity world‐wide. Genetic analyses assist in identifying invasion routes as well as revealing population connectivity, which both represent crucial information for conservation management strategies and risk evaluation. Such information is critical to safeguarding vulnerable species on nearshore islands, which often serve as wildlife sanctuaries.

The house mouse Mus musculus has invaded islands around the world and is a model species for showcasing how genetic tools can be used to inform biosecurity management. The genetic population structure of 316 mice from 12 locations in the upper South Island of New Zealand was determined, using novel GenePlots and traditional population genetic tools based on 10 microsatellite loci, to identify gene flow and reinvasion pathways among mainland and island populations over a decade.

On the mainland, populations remained genetically homogeneous over landscape scales of many tens of kilometres. In contrast, historically established island populations only kilometres offshore had low genetic diversity from prolonged isolation. Two islands were potentially colonized from both the mainland and each other in a hybrid swarm.

Islands that had recently been invaded or reinvaded in the past decade had genetic profiles consistent with the adjacent mainland, suggesting failure of biosecurity procedures to prevent reinvasion, rather than eradication survivors. Although two islands were invaded by only a few individuals, on a third island many invaders simultaneously arrived.

Synthesis and applications. Assessing the genetic structure and connectivity of mainland and island populations of an invasive species, using a combination of traditional and novel visualization tools, has uncovered a spectrum of invasion mechanisms and pathways. These results have informed ongoing biosecurity measures by revealing the locations and intensities of biosecurity threats, allowing targeted management actions to reduce the likelihood of island reinvasion.
Post‐disturbance conifer tree‐ring δ15N reflects openness of the nitrogen cycle across temperate coastal rainforests
Authors: Kranabetter John Marty , McKeown Kate , Hawkins Barbara J.
Published: July 2020

Post‐disturbance losses in nitrogen (N) may diminish forest productivity, and soils with inherently ‘open’ N cycles are considered the most vulnerable to leaching losses of. Monitoring ongoing N depletion from soil profiles is challenging, but tree‐ring δ15N of regenerating stands may offer an effective method for assessing site‐specific, long‐term soil N dynamics. Evidence to date is mixed, however, and includes increasing, unchanging or decreasing tree‐ring δ15N in young stands following stand‐level disturbances, possibly because of contrasting soil N availability among study sites. In addition, a consensus on post‐disturbance N trajectories is hampered by the inconsistent patterns in tree‐ring δ15N found between tree species of differing mycorrhizal association.

We compared tree‐ring δ15N of two conifer species (Picea sitchensiswith ectomycorrhizal fungi andThuja plicatawith arbuscular mycorrhiza) from a replicated silviculture trial across temperate rainforests of Vancouver Island (Canada). A natural gradient in soil N status across the six sites, driven largely by topography and parent materials, was demonstrated by in situ increases in N mineralization and nitrification rates with declining C:N ratios for both organic horizons and mineral soils.

Five decades after timber harvest, the overall trend in tree‐ring δ15N was positive, indicating a loss of nitrate from the system, but among individual plots the slope of δ15N ranged from nearly 0 to 0.13. We found the gains in tree‐ring δ15N with time were consistent between mycorrhizal types and escalated (up to 6‰) with increasing N mineralization, although less so on flat terrain with seasonal water tables. The most recent sapwood was also enriched in15N on soils with higher N mineralization rates, perhaps slightly more so forT.plicatathanP.sitchensis.

Synthesis. The alignment of tree‐ring δ15N with soil N cycles may be especially strong in regenerating forests because of ontogeny effects, including the expansion of rooting depth and increases in N resorption efficiency with stand age. Sharp increases in tree‐ring δ15N underscore the vulnerability of low C:N soils with open N cycles to post‐disturbance N losses, and highlight how multiple, frequent harvesting cycles may risk substantial N depletion from these productive rainforest ecosystems.
Effects of soil salinity on the expression of direct and indirect defences in wild cotton Gossypium hirsutum
Authors: Quijano‐Medina Teresa , Turlings Ted C. J. , Sosenski Paula , Grandi Luca , Cervera José C. , Moreira Xoaquín , Abdala‐Roberts Luis
Published: July 2020

Previous studies have frequently reported effects of abiotic factors on herbivore‐induced plant defences based on effects on single plant traits. However, plants commonly express multiple defences simultaneously and these traits are often correlated. Thus, a fuller understanding of abiotic‐context dependency in plant defence requires measuring multiple traits and addressing their patterns of correlated expression.

We evaluated the effects of soil salinity on the expression of direct (phenolic compounds, gossypol gland density) and indirect (volatile organic compounds, extrafloral nectar) defensive traits in wild cotton Gossypium hirsutum. Specifically, we asked whether soil salinity affects the induction of these traits, and whether it shapes trait correlations potentially underlying altered patterns of trait induction. We conducted a factorial experiment with 16 cotton genotypes where we manipulated soil salinity and defence induction by applying artificial leaf damage (25% mechanical damage and caterpillar oral secretions) and measured defence levels at different time points post damage.

Leaf damage induced most traits except gossypol gland density, whereas salinity did not have a mean effect (across constitutive and induced levels) on any of the measured traits. Nonetheless, salinity prevented the induction of phenolic compounds (condensed and hydrolysable tannins), and also affected trait correlations. Specifically, phenolic compounds were negatively associated with nectar production only under salinized conditions, an apparent trade‐off that could affect the induction of phenolic compounds. In addition, positive correlations between phenolic compounds and gland density and root biomass observed under control conditions were lost under salinized conditions.

Synthesis. By investigating the effects of soil salinity on the expression of multiple direct and indirect defensive traits and their underlying correlations, these findings build towards a better understanding of how abiotic context dependency shapes plant allocation to and expression of multiple defensive traits.
A multi‐platform package for the analysis of intra‐ and interspecific trait evolution
Authors: Gaboriau Théo , Mendes Fábio K. , Joly Simon , Silvestro Daniele , Salamin Nicolas
Published: July 2020

Evolutionary forces affect the distribution of phenotypes both within and among species. Yet, at the macro‐evolutionary scale, the evolution of intraspecific variance is rarely considered. Here, we present anrand a BEAST 2 implementation that extends the JIVE (Joint inter‐ and Intraspecific Variance Evolution) model aimed at the analysis of continuous trait evolution at both inter‐ and intraspecific level.

Using a hierarchical Bayesian approach, we implemented a range of models for continuous trait evolution that operate independently on species means and variances along a phylogeny. The package uses Markov chain Monte Carlo for the inference of parameters and the evaluation of model fit. JIVE is available in thebite(Bayesian Integrative models of Trait Evolution)rpackage, as well as in BEAST 2. The two implementations offer the same continuous trait evolutionary models, but differ in their use and types of analyses. Therimplementation allows for faster analyses by taking the phylogeny as data, while providing graphical and statistical functions as part of tools for model comparison, result parsing and summary, and plotting. In the BEAST 2 implementation, the species tree is a parameter, and both its topology and divergence times are jointly estimated with trait model parameters.

Thebitepackage and the BEAST 2 implementation introduce new frameworks within comparative phylogenetics that explicitly model intraspecific variance. These tools allow users to tackle long‐standing questions in evolutionary biology, such as the identification of key evolutionary processes determining niche conservatism, niche partitioning, and life‐history strategies.
Association Between Pulmonary Embolism and COVID‐19 in Emergency Department Patients Undergoing Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiogram: The PEPCOV International Retrospective Study
Authors: Freund Yonathan , Drogrey Marie , Miró Òscar , Marra Alessio , Féral‐Pierssens Anne‐Laure , Penaloza Andrea , Hernandez Barbara A. Lara , Beaune Sebastien , Gorlicki Judith , Vaittinada Ayar Prabakar , Truchot Jennifer , Pena Barbara , Aguirre Alfons , Fémy Florent , Javaud Nicolas , Chauvin Anthony , Chouihed Tahar , Montassier Emmanuel , Claret Pierre‐Géraud , Occelli Céline , Roussel Mélanie , Brigant Fabien , Ellouze Sami , Le Borgne Pierrick , Laribi Said , Simon Tabassome , Lucidarme Olivier , Cachanado Marine , Bloom Ben ,   the IMPROVING EMERGENCY CARE FHU Collaborators
Published: July 2020

Background

There have been reports of procoagulant activity in patients with COVID‐19. Whether there is an association between pulmonary embolism (PE) and COVID‐19 in the emergency department (ED) is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess whether COVID‐19 is associated with PE in ED patients who underwent a computed tomographic pulmonary angiogram (CTPA).

Methods

A retrospective study in 26 EDs from six countries. ED patients in whom a CTPA was performed for suspected PE during a 2‐month period covering the pandemic peak. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of a PE on CTPA. COVID‐19 was diagnosed in the ED either on CT or reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. A multivariable binary logistic regression was built to adjust with other variables known to be associated with PE. A sensitivity analysis was performed in patients included during the pandemic period.

Results

A total of 3,358 patients were included, of whom 105 were excluded because COVID‐19 status was unknown, leaving 3,253 for analysis. Among them, 974 (30%) were diagnosed with COVID‐19. Mean (±SD) age was 61 (±19) years and 52% were women. A PE was diagnosed on CTPA in 500 patients (15%). The risk of PE was similar between COVID‐19 patients and others (15% in both groups). In the multivariable binary logistic regression model, COVID‐19 was not associated with higher risk of PE (adjusted odds ratio = 0.98, 95% confidence interval = 0.76 to 1.26). There was no association when limited to patients in the pandemic period.

Conclusion

In ED patients who underwent CTPA for suspected PE, COVID‐19 was not associated with an increased probability of PE diagnosis. These results were also valid when limited to the pandemic period. However, these results may not apply to patients with suspected COVID‐19 in general.
Spatial and temporal changes in male gypsy moth wing morphology reflect host tree phenology and habitat quality
Authors: Jahant‐Miller Chelsea , Tobin Patrick C. , Parry Dylan
Published: July 2020

The size of adult gypsy moths, (Lymantria dispar L.), a capitalbreeder, is correlated with environmental conditions experienced as larvae. Proxies for adult size such as wing length may provide information about habitat quality and population density.

We used male gypsy moths collected from pheromone traps at intervals through the flight season to assess phenological change in wing length. Consistent with a previous study conducted at our reference site, we found that wing length declines seasonally, likely resulting from phenological reduction in host foliage quality. This pattern was evident at our reference site over 8 years, and at our experimental sites with low‐density populations in 3 years.

We assessed forest quality using two unique metrics, basal area of red oak (Quercus rubra), a high quality host tree, and a composite value generated from a published ranking of tree species quality for gypsy moth. We did not find a relationship between these metrics and wing length, although we found that the mean size of males was larger in stands with oak.

Mean wing length in outbreak populations was significantly smaller reflecting density related processes such as intraspecific competition, although there was no significant seasonal effect on wing length.
Debate: COVID crisis, natural capital and clinical care – ‘building back better’ for a new values‐based CAMHS
Authors: Tan Jacinta , Fulford Bill
Published: July 2020

The COVID‐19 pandemic has meant upheaval for child and adolescent mental health services and for children, young people and their families. We look at this disruption through the lens of values‐based practice. We also briefly examine the concept of natural capital and the opportunity for ‘Building Back Better’ post‐COVID. We suggest that as well as losses, there are also opportunities to rethink and reshape our practices to make them more value‐based.
The Human Face Becomes Mapped as a Sensorimotor Reaching Space During the First Year
Authors: Chinn Lisa K. , Noonan Claire F. , Lockman Jeffrey J.
Published: July 2020

Although recent behavioral and neural research indicates that infants represent the body’s structure, how they engage self‐representations for action is little understood. This study addressed how the human face becomes a reaching space. Infants (N = 24; 2–11 months) were tested longitudinally approximately every 3 weeks on their ability to reach to a vibrating target placed at different locations on the face. Successful reaches required coordinating skin‐ and body‐based codes for location, a problem known as tactile remapping. Findings suggest that a functional representation of the face is initially fragmented. Infants localized targets in the perioral region before other areas (ears/temples). Additionally, infants predominantly reached ipsilaterally to targets. Collectively, the findings illuminate how the face becomes an integrated sensorimotor space for self‐reaching.
Antihistamine‐resistant chronic spontaneous urticaria remains undertreated: 2‐year data from the AWARE study
Authors: Maurer Marcus , Costa Celia , Gimenez Arnau AnaMaria , Guillet Gerard , Labrador‐Horrillo Moises , Lapeere Hilde , Meshkova Raisa , Savic Sinisa , Chapman‐Rothe Nadine
Published: July 2020

Background

Real‐world evidence describing the benefits of recommended therapies and their impact on the quality of life (QoL) of chronic urticaria (CU) patients is limited.

Objective

To investigate disease burden, current treatment schedule, and the use of clinical resources by patients with H1‐antihistamine‐refractory CU in Europe.

Methods

AWARE (A World‐wide Antihistamine‐Refractory chronic urticaria patient Evaluation) is a global, prospective, non‐interventional study in the real‐world setting, sponsored by the manufacturer of omalizumab. Disease characteristics, pharmacological treatments, and health‐related QoL of patients (N = 2727) ≥18 years of age diagnosed with H1‐antihistamine‐refractory chronic spontaneous urticaria (without inducible urticaria) for >2 months are reported here.

Results

Of the 2727 patients included, 1232 (45.2%) and 1278 (46.9%) were successfully followed up for any assessment and for the key outcome, the urticaria control test (UCT) score, respectively, and patients with complete remission (14.1%) were excluded from analyses.The proportion of patients with uncontrolled CSU (UCT score <12) dropped from 78% (n/N = 1641/2104) at baseline to 28.7% (n/N = 269/936) after two years of participation in the AWARE study. In addition, the proportion of patients with no impact of CSU on their QoL (assessed by the Dermatological Life Quality Index) increased to 57% (n/N = 664/1164) from 18.7% (n/N = 491/2621) at baseline. Emergency room visits (2.4% [n/N = 7/296] vs 33.5% [n/N = 779/2322]) and hospital stays (1.7% [n/N = 5/296] vs 24.2% [n/N = 561/2322]) reduced at Month 24 vs baseline. Overall, 23.2% (n/N = 26/112) patients on non‐sedating H1‐antihistamines (nsAH) and 41.9% (n/N = 44/105) patients on up‐dosed nsAH had uncontrolled CSU (UCT <12) at Month 24. In omalizumab‐treated patients, 27.1% (n/N = 78/288) had uncontrolled CSU at Month 24.

Conclusion

These data confirm improvements for most patients with CSU over a 2‐year follow‐up period. Further studies are needed to understand the differences between guideline recommendations and reported management.
Post‐Treatment Head and Neck Cancer Care: National Audit and Analysis of Current Practice in the United Kingdom
Authors:   INTEGRATE (The UK ENT Trainee Research Network)
Published: July 2020

Objectives

We aimed to audit current United Kingdom (UK) practice of Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) post‐treatment surveillance against national guidelines and determine the outcomes of these practices in detecting recurrence.

Design

National cross‐sectional study of current HNC surveillance practice.

Setting

UK HNC outpatient departments.

Participants

HNC patients reviewed for post‐treatment surveillance.

Main outcome measures

Compliance with UK multidisciplinary guidelines and rates of cancer recurrence detection by time, clinic type and symptoms.

Results

Data were analysed from 5,123 consultations across 89 UK centres. 30% of consultations were in dedicated multidisciplinary clinics, with input from allied health professionals (AHPs) available on the day in 23% of all consultations. Recurrence was suspected in 344 consultations and investigated with MRI in 29.6% (n = 102) and PET‐CT in 14.2% (n = 49). Patient education regarding recurrence symptoms, and smoking and alcohol advice, was provided in 20.4%, 6.2% and 5.3% of cases, respectively. Rates of recurrence detected were 35% in expedited appointments and 5.2% in planned follow‐ups (P = .0001). Of the expedited appointments, 63% were initiated by patients and 37% by clinicians. Recurrence was higher in those with new symptoms (7.1% versus 2.2%). The strongest predictors of recurrence were dyspnoea (positive predictive value (PPV)=16.2%), neck pain (PPV = 10.4%) and mouth/throat pain (PPV = 9.2%).

Conclusions

Dedicated multidisciplinary clinics comprise a minority of consultations for HNC surveillance in the UK, with low availability of AHPs. PET‐CT and MRI were underutilised for the investigation of suspected recurrence. There may be scope for greater emphasis on patient education and consequent patient‐initiated symptom‐driven follow‐up.
Prognostic value of the donor‐derived cell‐free DNA assay in acute renal rejection therapy: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Shen Jia , Guo Luying , Yan Pengpeng , Zhou Jingyi , Zhou Qin , Lei Wenhua , Liu Haitao , Liu Guangjun , Lv Junhao , Liu Feng , Huang Hongfeng , Dong Wenzhao , Shu Liping , Wang Huiping , Wu Jianyong , Chen Jianghua , Wang Rending
Published: July 2020

Donor‐derived cell‐free DNA (dd‐cfDNA) is a promising biomarker for monitoring allograft status. However, whether dd‐cfDNA can reflect real‐time anti‐rejection treatment effects remains unclear. We prospectively recruited 28 patients with acute renal rejection, including 5 with ABMR, 12 with type IA or type IB rejection, and 11 with type IIA or IIB rejection. dd‐cfDNA levels in peripheral blood were measured using human single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) locus capture hybridization. The percentage of dd‐cfDNA (dd‐cfDNA%) declined significantly from 2.566 ± 0.549% to 0.773 ± 0.116% (P < .001) after anti‐rejection therapy. The dd‐cfDNA% decreased steadily over the course of 3 days with daily methylprednisolone injections, but no significant difference in the dd‐cfDNA% was observed between the end of anti‐rejection therapy and 2 weeks later. Changes in the dd‐cfDNA% (∆dd‐cfDNA%) demonstrated a positive correlation with estimated glomerular filtration rates at 1 month (ρ = 2.570, P = .022), 3 months (ρ = 3.210, P = .027), and 6 months (ρ = 2.860, P = .019) after therapy. Thus, the dd‐cfDNA assay shows prognostic capabilities in therapy outcome and allograft recovery; however, its ability is inhibited by methylprednisolone regardless of the types of rejection. Additionally, a reassessment of frequency intervals for testing is required.
Endoscopic rendezvous and diathermic dilation for complete pharyngeal obstruction
Authors: Shimada Seitaro , Yoshida Masao , Kamijo Tomoyuki
Published: July 2020

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Real‐world outcomes for 205 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia treated with ibrutinib
Authors: Aarup Kathrine , Rotbain Emelie Curovic , Enggaard Lisbeth , Pedersen Robert Schou , Bergmann Olav Jonas , Thomsen Rasmus Heje , Frederiksen Mikael , Frederiksen Henrik , Nielsen Tine , Christiansen Ilse , Andersen Michael Asger , Niemann Carsten Utoft
Published: July 2020

Ibrutinib has now been approved for treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in both front‐line setting and as later‐line treatment. However, knowledge about the outcomes and adverse events (AE) among patients at a population‐based level is still limited.

Objectives

To report outcomes and AEs in a population‐based cohort treated with ibrutinib outside clinical trials.

Methods

We conducted a multicenter, retrospective cohort study including all patients with CLL treated with ibrutinib.

Results

In total, 205 patients were included of whom 39 (19%) were treatment‐naïve. The median follow‐up was 21.4 months (interquartile range (IQR), 11.9,32.8), the estimated overall survival at 12 months was 88.8% (95% confidence interval (CI); 84.3%, 93.3%), and the estimated progression‐free survival at 12 months was 86.3% (95% CI; 81.3%, 91.2%). During follow‐up, 200 (97.6%) patients had at least one AE and 100 (48.8%) patients had at least one grade ≥3 AE. Eighty‐six patients (42.0%) discontinued ibrutinib, hereof 47 (54.7%) due to AEs and 19 (22.1%) had progression of CLL or Richter transformation.

Conclusions

In our study, we find comparable, though slightly inferior, overall, and progression‐free survival, and discontinuation due to toxicity was higher compared with clinical trials. Patient training and information may improve treatment adherence outside clinical trials.
Role of epigenetic regulatory enzymes in animal models of mania induced by amphetamine and paradoxical sleep deprivation
Authors: Varela Roger B , Resende Wilson R , Dal‐Pont Gustavo C , Gava Fernanda F , Nadas Gabriella B , Tye Susannah J , Andersen Monica L. , Quevedo João , Valvassori Samira S
Published: July 2020

It is known that bipolar disorder has a multifactorial aetiology where the interaction between genetic and environmental factors is responsible for its development. Because of this, epigenetics has been largely studied in psychiatric disorders. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of histone deacetylase inhibitors on epigenetic enzyme alterations in rats or mice submitted to animal models of mania induced by dextro‐amphetamine or sleep deprivation, respectively. Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to 14 days of dextro‐amphetamine administration, and from the eighth to the fourteenth day, the animals were treated with valproate and sodium butyrate in addition to dextro‐amphetamine injections. Adult C57BL/6 mice received 7 days of valproate or sodium butyrate administration, being sleep deprived at the last 36 hr of the protocol. Locomotor and exploratory activities of rats and mice were evaluated in the open‐field test, and histone deacetylase, DNA methyltransferase, and histone acetyltransferase activities were assessed in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum. Dextro‐amphetamine and sleep deprivation induced hyperactivity and increased histone deacetylase and DNA methyltransferase activities in the animal's brain. Valproate and sodium butyrate were able to reverse hyperlocomotion induced by both animal models, as well as the alterations on histone deacetylase and DNA methyltransferase activities. There was a positive correlation between enzyme activities and number of crossings for both models. Histone deacetylase and DNA methyltransferase activities also presented a positive correlation between theirselves. These results suggest that epigenetics can play an important role in BD pathophysiology as well as in its treatment.
Synergy and Tension between Large‐Scale and Classroom Assessment: International Trends
Authors: Volante Louis , DeLuca Christopher , Adie Lenore , Baker Eva , Harju‐Luukkainen Heidi , Heritage Margaret , Schneider Christoph , Stobart Gordon , Tan Kelvin , Wyatt‐Smith Claire
Published: July 2020

The synergy, or lack thereof, between large‐scale and classroom assessment has been fiercely debated in both academic and policy spheres for decades around the world. This paper seeks to explicate how different countries are utilizing large‐scale testing and test results at the classroom level. Through country profiles, this paper analyzes contemporary developments on the tensions and synergies between large‐scale assessment and classroom teaching, learning, and assessment observed across seven international jurisdictions: United States, Canada, Australia, England, Germany, Finland, and Singapore. The paper concludes with an analysis of international trends leading to a synthesis of root causes contributing to the current limited uptake of large‐scale assessment results at classroom levels.
Effect of resveratrol on the hyperexcitability of nociceptive neurons associated with ectopic hyperalgesia induced by experimental tooth movement
Authors: Okubo Nao , Ishikawa Haruna , Sano Rena , Shimazu Yoshihito , Takeda Mamoru
Published: July 2020

The present study investigated whether, under in vivo conditions, systemic administration of resveratrol attenuates the experimental tooth movement‐induced ectopic hyperalgesia associated with hyperexcitability of nociceptive trigeminal spinal nucleus caudalis (SpVc) neurons. The threshold of escape from mechanical stimulation applied to the ipsilateral whisker pad in rats exposed to experimental tooth movement was significantly lower than seen in control rats from day 1 to 3 following movement of the right maxillary first molar tooth. The lowered mechanical threshold in the rats exposed to experimental tooth movement had almost returned to the level of sham‐treated naïve rats at day 3 following administration of resveratrol. The mean mechanical threshold of nociceptive SpVc neurons was significantly lower after experimental tooth movement but the lower threshold could be reversed by administration of resveratrol. The higher discharge frequency of nociceptive SpVc neurons for noxious mechanical stimuli observed in rats exposed to experimental tooth movement was statistically significantly lower following resveratrol administration. These results suggest that resveratrol attenuates experimental tooth movement‐induced mechanical ectopic hyperalgesia via suppression of peripheral and/or central sensitization. These findings support the idea that resveratrol, a complementary alternative medicine, is a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention of experimental tooth movement‐induced ectopic hyperalgesia.
Food and lipid intake alters the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine in kidney transplants
Authors: Bennani Rtel Meriame , Ternant David , Büchler Matthias , El Hassouni Mohammed , Khabbal Youssef , Achour Sanae , Sqalli Tarik
Published: July 2020

Prevention of kidney graft rejection with cyclosporine leads to a large interindividual pharmacokinetic variability. However, food intake is likely to alter cyclosporine pharmacokinetics, and therefore its efficacy. The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of food and lipid intake on cyclosporine pharmacokinetics. Twenty‐four kidney grafted patients treated with Neoral® were included in this prospective monocentric study. In all patients, the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine was evaluated in two occasions, after meal (‘feed’) and without meal (‘fasting’). At each occasion, blood samples were collected at trough, and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 h after administration. Cyclosporine pharmacokinetics was described using a Bayesian pharmacokinetic model including two‐compartments with first‐order transfer and elimination rate constants, and a gamma absorption model. Influence of meal or olive oil, very common in Morocco, was tested as covariates on interoccasion variability parameters. Cyclosporine concentration–time data were satisfactorily described using the Bayesian pharmacokinetic model. Food intake significantly increased volume of distribution and decreased elimination of cyclosporine. The influence of oil intake explained a large part of this effect, suggesting that lipid intake was the main factor of pharmacokinetic variability due to food. This intake resulted in a decrease in area under the concentration curve between two administrations of 14.6%. Food, and especially lipid intake is likely to decrease the exposure to cyclosporine and may therefore lead to a decrease in treatment efficacy. Therefore, to ensure optimal immunosuppression in time, meal composition should remain as steady as possible.
The clinical characteristics and course of COVID‐19 in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Aydin Bahat Kubra , Parmaksiz Ergun , Sert Serap
Published: July 2020

Introduction

In December 2019, pneumonia cases emerging in China rapidly spread and became a global pandemic. The disease called COVID‐19 threatens health and life in patients with comorbid disease, especially in patients with kidney failure. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical findings, laboratory parameters, and prognosis of COVID‐19 disease in end‐stage renal patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment.

Methods

We included the hemodialysis patients who have been diagnosed with COVID‐19 disease and received inpatient treatment between 11 Match 2020 and 24 April 2020 in hospital. The demographic characteristics, comorbidities, symptoms, clinical course, laboratory parameters, and treatments were recorded.

Findings

The study included 25 hemodialysis patients; 15 (60%) were female. The mean age was 60.5 ± 15 years. All patients had chest computed tomography findings compatible with COVID‐19 disease. The findings were bilateral in 88% of patients. The real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction test was positive in 48% of the patients. The most common symptoms were dyspnea (56%) and fever (52%). The most common comorbid disease was hypertension (76%). Leukocytosis in 12% of the patients while 72% had lymphopenia. All patients had a high C‐reactive protein value. 64% of patients required oxygen support and 32% intensive care. 28% developed a secondary infection. 76% (19/25) of the patients has been discharged with cure and 20% (5/25) died. The inpatient follow‐up of a patient (4%) continues. Secondary infection development was significantly associated with oxygen demand (P = 0.027) and need for intensive care (P = 0.001).

Discussion

The associated clinical symptoms of COVID‐19 were similar in hemodialysis patients to those of patients without renal disease. However, it caused pneumonia in all hemodialysis patients. It was associated with a more severe disease and worse prognosis with a mortality rate of 20%. Our study suggests that COVID‐19 disease has a significantly more severe course and worse prognosis in hemodialysis patients.
Still turning toward a cartographic history of Latin America
Authors: Bockelman Brian , Erbig Jeffrey A.
Published: July 2020

Since the 1990s, scholars of Latin America have rediscovered maps as historical documents and mapping as a historically significant social practice. Inspired in part by theoretical developments in the broader history of cartography, particularly the notion of maps as cultural texts embedded in sociopolitical contexts that shape their production and meaning, cartographic histories of the region have flourished in recent decades, leading some to herald this development as a new direction in Latin American historiography. This essay examines the emergence and principal trends of this body of scholarship, assessing its contributions and limitations. Taking a broad approach that examines studies of both the colonial and modern periods from Patagonia to the Rio Grande, it argues that while critical map histories have transformed earlier notions of cartographic sources and deepened our understanding of traditional subjects such as colonialism and nation‐building, they have yet to reach their full potential. More dialogue between scholars in this emerging subfield, more reflection on the spatial assumptions that undergird Latin American history as a whole, and more attention to the diversity of maps available for study are needed to enhance the conceptual contributions of Latin American cartographic history and to expand its visibility both inside and outside the region.
Protective device to reduce aerosol dispersion in dental clinics during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Teichert‐Filho R. , Baldasso C. N. , Campos M. M. , Gomes M. S.
Published: July 2020

Aim

To describe the use of a new protective device to reduce aerosol dispersion in dental clinics during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methodology

The device consists of a rigid translucent acrylic structure (methyl polymethacrylate), adjusted to the dental chair, involving the patient's head, neck and chest. There is also a piping system to generate negative pressure, for aspiration and filtering of the air inside the device chamber. The operator works through small holes in the acrylic structure, to reduce contact with the microparticles arising from aerosols during dental procedures. Simulated dental procedures using a fluorescent dye in the water of the dental equipment were carried out, with and without the use of the device. The presence of the dye was analysed at various locations, such as on personal protective equipment (PPE), the dental chair and on the clinic floor.

Results

In the simulated dental procedure without the device, the dye was obvious on surgical gloves, aprons (waist, chest, legs, fists) and face shields, as well as on the dental chair (backrest, light reflector) and clinic floor. In the simulated dental procedure using the device, the dye was observed only on surgical gloves, apron (fists), inside the pipe system and internal walls of the acrylic chamber. There was a certain limitation of movement and visualization by the dentist whilst using the device.

Conclusions

The present device is a low‐cost complementary resource for use in conjunction with standard PPE, to reduce the transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 in the dental setting. Further clinical trials should be carried out to test the efficacy of this device to reduce aerosol dispersion and the consequent vector of contamination, as well as the ergonomic impacts related to its use.
A comparative study on citrate sol‐gel and combustion synthesis methods of CoAl2O4 spinel
Authors: Baseri Jafar , Naghizadeh Rahim , Rezaie Hamid Reza , Golestanifard Farhad , Golmohammad Mohammad
Published: July 2020

CoAl2O4 spinel was successfully synthesized by combustion synthesis method using glycine and urea by 1:1 molar ratio as fuels and sol‐gel process using citric acid as a chelating agent. The as‐synthesized powders were calcined at desired temperatures to obtain CoAl2O4 spinel as a single phase. X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric, and differential thermal analysis results revealed that the formation of CoAl2O4 spinel in combustion method needs 300°C higher temperatures than those of sol‐gel. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analysis results revealed that “sol‐gel spinel” had nanometric particle size which was smaller than those of “combustion spinel.” Temperature programed reduction with hydrogen and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results declared that there was a little residual cobalt oxide in combustion spinel while there is no oxide resided in “sol‐gel spinel.” Consequently, the sol‐gel method has more benefit in synthesizing spinel with sulfate precursors than combustion.
Differentiation of volatile aroma components in organically and conventionally produced apples by stir bar sorptive extraction combined with gas chromatography and EI/CI TOF mass spectrometry
Authors: Lucht Fabian , Rinken Marian , Haberlandt Silke
Published: July 2020

Volatile aroma components and contents of organically and conventionally produced apples of the cultivars Elstar, Jonagold, Jonagored and Braeburn were studied. In three cultivars investigated, the aroma contents of organically produced apples were significantly lower (Elstar 16%, Jonagold 29%, Jonagored 68%). For Braeburn, no statistically significant difference was observed. In particular, the main aroma components were present at much lower concentrations in organically produced apples. In all apple cultivars, these were hexanal, trans‐2‐hexenal, 2‐methylbutylacetate and hexylacetate. twenty‐three aroma components were identified in total, in different relative ratios in the different apple cultivars: saturated esters, saturated and unsaturated aldehydes and alcohols. Some components identified in the conventionally produced cultivars were not present in the organically produced cultivars at all. The aroma components were extracted from juice freshly prepared from the apples by stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) technique and characterised by FID gas chromatography and EI/CI TOF mass spectrometry.