bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efek Iradiasi Gamma dan Penyimpanan Dingin terhadap Total Mikroorganisme dan Daya Patah Kwetiau
Authors: Raharja Bryan , Nata Buana Efendi Oulan Gustav , Harsojo Harsojo
Published: June 2018

Kadar air yang tinggi menyebabkan umur simpan kwetiau menjadi singkat. Hal ini menyebabkan banyaknya produsen yang menambahkan formalin pada kwetiau. Iradiasi gamma merupakan metode untuk memperpanjang umur simpan yang ekonomis serta tidak mengubah tekstur secara signifikan sehingga berpotensi diaplikasikan pada kwetiau. Pengujian dilakukan dengan iradiasi sampel menggunakan dosis 0, 2, dan 4 kGy dengan laju dosis 1 kGy per jam yang diikuti dengan penyimpanan dingin dengan memperhatikan perubahan ALT, total koliform, Salmonella spp., nilai D10, sensitivitas antibiotik serta daya putus kwetiau. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi iradiasi gamma dengan penyimpanan dingin mampu menurunkan hingga 6,2 log CFU/g bakteri aerob dan 5,8 log CFU/g bakteri koliform pada dosis 4 kGy serta menurunkan hingga 4,9 log CFU/g bakteri aerob dan 4,6  log CFU/g bakteri koliform pada dosis 2 kGy. Bakteri Escherichia coli yang diisolasi memiliki nilai D10 sebesar 0,403 kGy yang sensitif terhadap amoxicillin dan tetracyclin serta memiliki sensitivitas intermediate terhadap sefoksitin. Iradiasi pada dosis 2 kGy meningkatkan nilai titik putus kwetiau. Pada penelitian tidak ditemukan Salmonella spp. pada sampel E dan semua sampel positif mengandung formalin.
Identifikasi Phanerochaete chrysosporium Yang Diiradiasi Sinar Gamma dengan Marka RAPD
Authors: Sudrajat Dadang , Mulyana Nana , Heryani Rika
Published: June 2018

Phanerochaete chrysosporium merupakan jamur paling potensial yang berperan dalam proses delignifikasi karena menghasilkan enzim lignin peroksidase (LiP) dan mangan peroksidase (MnP). Untuk meningkatkan kemampuan daya lignnolitiknya dilakukan perbaikan genetiknya dengan iradiasi sinar gamma. Informasi tentang perubahan genetik akibat iradiasi pada jamur Phanerochaete chrysosporium sangat diperlukan dalam rangka meningkatkan kemampuan isolat tersebut untuk proses bioremediasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeteksi mutan jamur P. chrysosporium hasil iradiasi sinar gamma pada dosis 250-2000 Gy dengan menggunakan marka Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Tiga oligonukleotida primer RAPD digunakan untuk mengamplifikasi genom DNA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dosis iradiasi berpengaruh pada pertumbuhan P. chrysosporium. Nilai D50 pada dosis 1000 Gy. 3 primer, yaitu OPA-1, OPA-4, dan OPD-6 menghasilkan pita-pita polimorfik yang digunakan untuk menganalisis hasil mutasi pada dosis 500; 750; 1000; dan 2000 Gy. Profil DNA-RAPD menunjukkan variasi genetik yang tinggi antara isolat yang diradiasi dan isolat kontrol (0 Gy) dengan formasi 3-5 kluster. Analisis dendrogram menunjukkan nilai koefisien kesamaan (similarity coefficient) antara 0.71-0.91. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa RAPD merupakan teknik yang mudah untuk mendeteksi adanya mutasi pada DNA akibat iradiasi.
Policing for impact: Is South Africa ready for Evidence-Based Policing?
Authors: Newham Gareth , Rappert Brian
Published: July 2018

The prospect that research can improve the impact of policing operations and internal organisational efficiencies has been a source of promise and frustration for decades. Â It may seem obvious to many that research should be able to assist with better policing strategies and tactics by providing evidence as to what does or does not work. Realizing this potential, however, it is not straightforward. The complexities of applying scientific research methods to what is often the messy business of policing often does not result in clear or consistent findings. This article reflects on Evidence-Based Policing (EBP) and its challenges in relation to the establishment of the South African Police Service’s (SAPS) first ever National Research Division.
Unpacking Discontent: Where and why protest happens in South Africa
Authors: Lancaster Lizette
Published: July 2018

High levels of socio-economic dissatisfaction, persistent service delivery issues and increased political contestation necessitate closer monitoring of protest action. This article focuses on where and why protests happen. The findings draw on data collected by the Institute for Security Studies through its Protest and Public Violence Monitor (PPVM). Unlike other reporting systems, which tend to focus on specific types of protest, the PPVM seeks to provide comprehensive coverage and mapping of all forms of protest, including industrial strike action as well as political and group conflict. The findings highlight the wide-ranging nature of protests and illustrate how patterns of protests form over time in specific places. The article concludes by reflecting on how research into protest should not limit itself in scope. The ultimate aim of the research should be to inform the development of more appropriate responses by various role players to prevent violence and to encourage peaceful protests.
Editorial: Governance and justice - Southern edition
Authors: Moult Kelley
Published: July 2018

Editorial for June 2018.
French Grammatical Accents: Practices, Sociolinguistic Foundations, and Pedagogical Implications in a Multilingual Setting
Authors: Ndzotom Mbakop Antoine Willy , Emalieu Kanko Sonia Laurei , Tida Adrienne Michelle
Published: June 2018

The present paper probes the use of French grammatical accents by English-speaking learners of French in a multilingual country: Cameroon. Its aim is twofold. First, it highlights the extent to which the various appropriative uses of French by French-speaking Cameroonians influence the form of the language spoken by their English-speaking counterparts. Then, it checks the effect of the language spoken by these learners on their written language. The data were collected among 160 Form 3 and Form 4 pupils from two high schools in the town of Maroua, Far North Region, Cameroon. Six tests and fifty tape recordings were carried out among the target population. Also, four French teachers were tape recorded during the exercise. The analysis of the errors made by the informants revealed significant patterns of acute and grave accents in the spoken language of respondents. These patterns of oral usage were found to strongly correlate with their written production. It therefore appears that Cameroon French displays some specific phonological characteristics, which severely spoils the acquisition of grammatical accents by English-speaking Cameroonians. These findings may revive the debate over whether French in former colonies should adapt to its contexts or keep its native purity.

This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
iGEM 2018 Interlab Study Protocol: Calibration 2 v1
Authors: Longo Ylenia
Published: July 2018

This year´s interlab study allows participants to fulfil Bronze medal requirements. For this purposes a set of experiments has to be performed, which in the end will be compared and validated with other team´s data. Part of this Challenge are the Calibration protcols. For the second calibration a dilution series of monodisperse microspheres is performed and absorbance at 600nm is measured.
Monoclonal Antibody-drug Conjugates GO and Inotuzumab Are Effective in Adult Acute Leukemia v1
Authors: Smith Bella
Published: June 2018

On June 14-17, 2018, the 23rd EHA conference was held in Sweden-Stockholm. The heavy research in the blood field took place. The development of new drugs in the field of acute leukemia has progressed rapidly. Among them, antibody-drug conjugates(ADC)including Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin targeting CD33 and Inotuzumab targeting CD22 showed significant effects in adult acute myeloid leukemia and adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia, respectively.
The Phonological Influence of Ethnic Community Languages in Learning Kiswahili, a Case of Kinyakyusa in Mbeya, Tanzania
Authors: Mtallo Godson Robert , Mwambula Harid Andrew
Published: July 2018

It is noted that one language may have an influence in learning the other language. This influence may be vividly seen in different aspects such as phonology, morphosyntax as well as lexis. This paper focuses on investigating how the Ethnic Community Languages, henceforth ECLs, can phonologically influence the learning process of Kiswahili language. Kinyakyusa was taken as a sample to represent other Ecls in Tanzania to see its phonological influence in Learning Kiswahili. The study employed word lists, in depth interview and observations as data collection techniques. The findings revealed that, phonologically, speech sounds that are similar in Kinyakyusa and Kiswahili as a second language such as /p/, /t/, /k/, /f/, /s/ were easily learned. Learners were faced with some difficulties in pronouncing some utterances  that are not found in Kinyakyusa but exist in Kiswahili. For instance, voiced alveolar trill sound /r/ was pronounced as voiced alveolar lateral sound /l/, voiceless dental fricative sound  /θ/ was pronounced as voiceless alveolar fricative sound /s/.
The Development of Intercultural Sensitivity of Business English Majors by the Multimodal Teaching Program
Authors: Yang Xin
Published: July 2018

This study is to empirically investigate the effect of the multimodal teaching program in developing Chinese learners’ intercultural sensitivity. This experiment was carried out among 31 business English majors from a local university in Southwest China within one semester. The findings indicated that the participants showed a great improvement in their general level of intercultural sensitivity, and it is worth mentioning that among the factors of intercultural sensitivity, interaction confidence and attentiveness have witnessed a greater progress than the other factors.
Serial Verb Constructions in Sikkanese
Authors: Indrawati Ni Luh Ketut Mas , Suryati Ni Made , Puspani Ida Ayu Made
Published: July 2018

Serial verb construction (hereafter abbreviated as SVC) is a construction consisting of more than one verbs without any overt markers of coordinator or subordinator. SVC is a common phenomenon in isolating languages which lack morphological markers for syntactic processes. Sikka language (Sikkanese belongs to isolating language with SVO type and it does not have diathesis. This research attempts to analyse the typological characteristics of Sikkanese SVCs which cover: prosodic/phonological, morpho-syntactic, and semantic features of SVCs in Sikkanese. The theory adopted in this research is typological theory which is applied by Van Stedent and Ger Reesink (2008) in analysing SVCs in East-Nusantara languages. The prosodic characteristic shows that Sikkanese SVCs fell under one intonation contour, similar to the intonation of a single clause and without being separated by a pause; morphosyntactically SVCs in Sikkanese could be categorised into independent and some belong to co-dependent type without any morphological markers; and symantically they could be analysed  into: (1) motion; (2) direction, (3) manner; (4) instrument; (5) purpose; (6) progressive; (7)  modality.
Análise do uso de medicamentos psicotrópicos no sistema penitenciário do Estado do Ceará.
Authors: De Almeida Allyanne Peixoto , Lima Renan Pereira de , Lima Nobre de Morais Arlandia Cristina
Published: June 2018

Objective: To evaluate the use of psychotropic drugs in the penitentiary system. Methodology: Data were obtained through a prospective, observational, quantitative and descriptive survey. We analyzed 30 medical records of individuals convicted of a judicial sentence, collected at the Governador Stênio Gomes Psychiatric Institute located in the city of Itaitinga-CE from July to September 2012. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Fortaleza, No 258/2011. Results: The demographic profile points to male patients, single, illiterate and smokers. The most commonly used medication in the treatment of penitentiaries with mental disorders was haloperidol (27.5%). There were 58 potential drug interactions (1.7 ± 1.85 interactions per patient). As for the classification of the interactions, 22.4% of the minor type, 51.7% of the moderate type and 24.13% of the major type, 74.10% with a delayed onset, 24.13% with a rapid onset, according to documentation in the literature 41.36% suspected, 3.44% established and 53.43% possible. Of the mental disorders diagnosed, 40.1% present paranoid schizophrenia, residual and non-specific. The practice of homicide was attributed to 29.91% of the distressed schizophrenic, in the qualified modality. Other crimes involving violence were closely related to this mental disorder. Conclusion: The schizophrenic patients were responsible for homicide at rates higher than those who had another mental disorder and the aggressive behavior of schizophrenic patients seems to have been an important variable in the practice of crimes involving violence.
Direito à informação em saúde: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Leite Renata Antunes de Figueiredo , Ventura Carla Aparecida Arena , Carrara Bruna Sordi
Published: June 2018

Objective: To identify, critically evaluate and synthesize the scientific evidence related to the knowledge of health professionals and users about the right to health information. Methodology: Integrative literature review with the goal The databases Hein Online, ISTA, Lilacs, LISA, PubMed and Web of Science were selected for the identification of primary studies. Results: A total of 6888 studies were identified and, considering the selection criteria, 15 primary studies were included in the review. The thematic categories of this review were grouped according to the users' knowledge about their right to information and knowledge of the professionals about the right to information of the user. Conclusions: There is a need to train health professionals in relation to the right of health service users. Thus, the education of professionals is considered a possibility to enforce the right to information of the patient, improving the practice of care and, consequently, the health conditions of people and the exercise of their rights.
Uma análise da produção acadêmica sobre a evolução do fenômeno da judicialização da saúde no Brasil
Authors: Ribeiro Krishina Day , Vidal Josep Pont
Published: June 2018

Objective: To analyse of the academic production on the evolution of the phenomenon of health judicialization in Brazil. Methodology: A narrative review was carried out, with a bibliographical and documentary survey in which articles and jurisprudence were collected in electronic websites Results: The expansion of constitutional normative effectiveness provided access to health through the growth of judicial demands. The jurisprudential activity of the Supreme Court has evolved to understand the need for criteria in judicial drug awards. Along with this, the finding that the lawsuits disrupt the public management of pharmaceutical care. Conclusions: The literature reveals that the phenomenon of the Judicialization of health in the courts results, and is a result, of the disorganization of social systems. For the literature, the CNJ has had the function of organizing management procedures in which the judges must improve in a rationalized way the act of judging in observance of the actions of governance that are being developed in health.
A Visão Jurídica do Uso do Medicamento off label no âmbito da Saúde Suplementar
Authors: Silveira Marilusa Cunha da
Published: June 2018

Objective: This article aims to analyze from the point of view on the subject of the use of the off label drug in the scope of Supplementary Health. Methods: a review of the national legislation has been carried out, consulting the entire content of the laws and norms that constitute the theme. The legislative databases of the Federal Senate were consulted, as well as the legal basis of the National Sanitary Surveillance Agency and the National Supplementary Health Agency. Results: There are plenty of legal norms for the regulation of the matter, and the whole treatment policy of this theme is based on the hierarchical pyramid of laws, that is, in ordinances and normative instructions. Conclusion: The existence of predicted coverage of the disease or pathology in the contract, there is freedom of prescription of off-label medications by the attending physician applies.
Prudência ou preconceito? o impedimento da doação de sangue por homens que fazem sexo com homens
Authors: Campos Alves Sandra Mara , Rey Filho Moacyr
Published: June 2018

O preconceito que rodeia a comunidade homossexual é há muito conhecido. A reflexão teórica-normativa que aqui se insere tem como ponto de partida discussão judicial travada no Supremo Tribunal Federal acerca da proibição temporária de doação de sangue por homens que fazem sexo com homens, cristalizada em instrumentos normativos editados pelo Ministério da Saúde e Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Procedimentos acautelatórios que visam um aumento da segurança transfusional com especial atenção para situações ou comportamentos que possam majorar o risco de infecções transmitidas pela via sexual, são previstos na legislação sanitária. Os avanços científicos e tecnológicos não permitem ainda um processo transfusional isento de riscos. O ato de doar sangue significa exercício de direito e expressão de cidadania. O sistema jurídico-normativo brasileiro aponta para a restrição de direitos individuais apenas em casos excepcionais e orientados pelos princípios da proporcionalidade e razoabilidade. A Organização Mundial da Saúde preconiza que o grupo de doadores mais seguros são formados por voluntários não remunerados. A desigualdade jurídica e o preconceito devem ser combatidos a todo momento, mesmo quando revestidos de argumentos científicos.
Efeitos do gasto com a judicialização da saúde no orçamento da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Distrito Federal entre 2013 e 2017
Authors: Chagas Cassia Pereira das , Santos Fausto Pereira dos
Published: June 2018

Objective: To identify which are the health judicialization spending effects in the budgetary execution of the Federal District. Methodology: It is a retrospective descriptive study, using the documentary analysis technique. The database of this study are the 3,545 lawsuits moved between 2013 and 2017, against the secretary requiring access to medicines and medical procedures. Results: The amount spent was R$ 122 million reais in current value. The largest portion of resources was used to commit 607 cases (17,1%) in 207, R$ 28,2 million (23,9%). Considering the entire number of moved lawsuits, R$ 87 millions (71,8%) of the prophylactic and therapeutic support subfunction were commited. Furthermore, 2498 lawsuits related with suppy of medicines of SUS (70,5%) were commited, 372 Lawsuits (10,5%) claiming the provision of compulsory hospitalization services; 231 lawsuits requesting ortheses and protheses (7,6%) and 157 lawsuits requesting medical exam and procedures (4,4 %). Conclusion: The number of lawsuits has increased considerably. The Health's Judicialization still of being an important instrument to guarantee the rights of citizens, strengthens the iniquity and causes difficulties in the daily operation of teams that make the management of the health system. In addition, contributes and has an effect on the budgetary execution in the secretariat, especially in the pharmaceutical assistance, preventing in part the fulfillment of health services and actions laid down in the health plan in addition to make it impossible for an efficient use of resources, which has its monitoring and control committed today by the modus operandi adopted.
Editorial
Authors: Delduque Maria Célia
Published: June 2018

Editorial
The Dialectics of Care: Communicating Ethical Trade in Poland
Authors: Polynczuk-Alenius Kinga
Published: June 2018

This article is an empirical exploration of how ethical trade organisations draw on and appropriate in their communication the moral repertoire of ethical trade. Theoretically, it employs the notion of the “dialectics of care” to examine the tactics used in ethical trade communication to reconcile care for oneself and one’s close ones with care for distant producers. Empirically, this article is based on the discourse-theoretical analysis of two interviews with the representatives of Polish ethical trade organisations: (1) a fair trade firm, Pizca del Mundo, and (2) an NGO, the Institute for Global Responsibility. The analysis finds that ethical trade organisations seek to harmonise care for distant producers with the interests of the Polish public through (1) embedding it into the discourse of product quality, or (2) linking it to care for oneself, one’s family and society while raising awareness of the global interconnectedness.
Iranian Diaspora, Reality Television and Connecting to Homeland
Authors: Atashi Elham
Published: June 2018

Befarmaeed Sham, an Iranian diasporic media production adapted from the original UK reality show “Come Dine with me” features Iranian diaspora of diverse backgrounds as contestants in a cooking reality show. The success of the show has been unprecedented among audiences back home in Iran, reaching millions of households. Using discourse analysis this article examines the potential of reality TV in widening the scope of public sphere and in providing a space for participation and representation. The key practices to illustrate this are ways diaspora position themselves as subjects through discursive practices to express agency in generating, participating and sharing opinions. Casual talk and the entertaining attribute of reality TV focused on the everyday life of ordinary people, constructs a space to normalize audience engagement with what is otherwise, restrictive taboo topics embedded in themes around belonging, homeland, gender, and identity. The article concludes that the broad system of discourse used by diaspora as participants in the reality show constructs a space for representation. It can be considered as a contribution to enhancing the public sphere to not only communicate and connect with their homeland but to express opinions on broader social issues as a practice of civic engagement. This unique adaptation of reality TV is an important aspect of globalization and in using new media to mobilize diaspora in connecting to homeland.
Domestic Connectivity: Media, Gender and the Domestic Sphere in Kenya
Authors: Gustafsson Jessica
Published: June 2018

This article explores how increased media access and use influences Kenyan women’s everyday life and alters the domestic space. Based on 30 in-depth interviews with women in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya, the article demonstrates that women have incorporated newly gained media into their daily lives and routines. Increased media access has opened up the home and turned the domestic sphere from a secluded place into a connected space in which women can receive input from, connect with and interact with the world beyond their immediate surroundings whilst simultaneously remaining at home and fulfilling their traditional gender roles. Women’s media use thus reinforces their connection to the domestic sphere and the gendered division of labour. Although it has the potential to challenge gender inequalities, the extent to which this occurs depends on the individual woman’s ability to act on the imaginaries and ideas that media carry.
Bayes Estimation Under Different Censoring Patterns On Constant-Stress PALT
Authors: Prakash Gyan
Published: June 2018

Two-Parameter Gompertz distribution is considered here for the Bayesian inference under the Constant-Stress Partially Accelerated Life Test (CS-PALT). The first-failure Progressive (FFP) censoring pattern and its special cases have used for the analysis based on Bayes estimators of all the parameters under two different asymmetric loss functions and their special cases. A simulation study has carried out for the numerical analysis.
Performance of Side Sensitive Group Runs Chart based on Exact and Random Process Shifts
Authors: You Huay Woon , Chong Michael Khoo Boon , Lin Chong Zhi
Published: June 2018

A control chart is a crucial statistical tool that is typically used to monitor a process, inan effort to reduce variation. It is necessary to practically evaluate the overall performanceof a control chart. Evaluation reveals the effciency of a control chart to detect a processshift. This influences practitioners' decisions on the choice of a control chart. The usualpractice taken to evaluate the performance of a control chart is to use the average runlength (ARL). The assumption for using the ARL as a performance measure is that theshift size is known in advance. Determining the shift size can be restrictive, particularlyin the case practitioners do not have prior knowledge about the process. In view of this,the expected ARL (EARL) is employed as a performance measure for the random processmean shift. In this article, the overall performance of the side sensitive group runs (SSGR)chart is investigated in terms of EARL. Moreover, the optimal design for the SSGR chartbased on minimising the EARL is proposed.
MECHANISMS UNDERLYING BIOPROSTHETIC HEART VALVE DYSFUNCTIONS
Authors: Barbarash L. S. , Rogulina N. V. , Rutkovskaya N. V. , Ovcharenko E. A.
Published: June 2018

The article presents new insights into the mechanisms underlying bioprosthetic heart valve dysfunctions based on the medical literature analysis. We highlighted the main pathogenetic mechanisms causing dysfunctions of bioprosthetic heart valves among the well-known and recently studied ones. In addition to the process of natural “aging” of the valve tissue that develops during continuous cyclic mechanical loads and is accompanied by the formation of calcification foci (passive and active calcification process), the negative impact of prosthesis- and recipientrelated factors has been evaluated. The prosthesis-related factors contributing to the development of dysfunctions include technological and technical factors, which may produce negative effects on bioprosthetic heart valves during the preimplantation preparation and implantation itself. Main dysmetabolic, immune, hemostasis and hyperproliferative (hyperplastic) mechanisms have been reviewed from the standpoint of the recipient-related factors that may shorten the lifespan of bioprostheses. Therefore, we propose a classification of bioprosthetic heart valve dysfunctions based on the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms and specific morphological patterns.
SEEDING OF THE DEMINERALIZED BONE MATRIX WITH CHONDROGENIC CELLS
Authors: Shchelkunova E. I. , Voropaeva A. A. , Korel A. V. , Mayer D. A. , Podorognaya V. T. , Kirilova I. A.
Published: June 2018

Aim To determine optimal approaches of demineralized bone tissue processing after preservation to ensure efficient seeding of chondrocytes. Methods Demineralized bone matrix specimens sized 1 x 1 x 1 cm3were used in the experiment. A purification method ensuring the removal of cytotoxic substances from the matrices has been developed. It consists of a multi-stage soaking of the specimens in H2O, 0.1H NaOH, 1N NaOH, H2O and DPBS until a neutral pH is reached. After chemical purification (a 3-stage process), all the specimens were subjected to sonication for 1 minute at 5W to improve cell adhesion. The water was changed after each exposure. Then, the water was replaced to DPBS and the specimens were sonicated for 1 minute at 5W. After it, the sample was placed in a neutral medium (pH 7.0). The matrices undergoing sonicated procession were seeded with cells. Hyaline cartilage of minipigs was used as a source of the cells. Chondrocytes were isolated using collagenase II digestion and cultured for 20 days in the culture flasks. Passage 1 chondrocytes were seeded on the matrices. DBM were pretreated with a 1% gelatin solution to improve the efficiency of cell seeding. The microtitration viability test estimating the impact of the extract obtained during sonation cycles on cell viability was performed to determine whether these matrices may be seeded with chondrocytes. The test was performed on the lag- and log-phase cells. The effect of the extract on the cells lasted around 3 days. Results Extract-treated chondrocytes during the lag-phase showed a direct dose-dependent cytotoxic effect, compared to extract-treated chondrocytes during the log-phase. Low efficiency of DBM was associated with both, the stringent requirements for the manufacturing process of DBM and the subsequent matrices processing, including the cell growth phases. The increased cell migration depth into the matrices resulted in the disturbances of the microcirculation, leading to the insufficient cell feeding and slowed down metabolic processes. Conclusion The efficiency of DBM cell seeding depends on the matrix processing, its cytotoxic effect and architectonics. The problem of slowing down the metabolism of cells in DMB may be solved by the application of the combined purification technique, i.e. chemical and ultrasonic purification methods. The obtained results prove the necessity of using mechanical and electrical stimuli for the normal functioning of bone and cartilage tissue cells within the matrix.
LEVELS OF ESSENTIAL AND CONDITIONALLY ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS IN THE INTRAOPERATIVE BIOPSY SPECIMENS OF CHILDREN WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE AND HEART RHYTHM DISORDERS
Authors: Dubovaya A. V. , Sukhareva G. E.
Published: June 2018

Background. Despite recent numerous studies, etiopathogenesis, treatment and rehabilitation of children with heart rhythm disorders haven’t been studied well. We paid attention to the significant impact of mineral nutrients on cardiac activity, while addressing to the viable solutions. Aim. To measure the levels of essential and conditionally essential mineral nutrients and to determine any relationships between their concentrations in hair and in the intraoperative biopsy specimens obtained from children with congenital heart disease and heart rhythm disorders. Methods 55 children (34 boys and 21 girls) aged 6 to 17 years with different heart rhythm disorders and congenital heart disease were included in the study. Levels of 15 essential mineral nutrients (calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, copper, iron, iodine, cobalt, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, zinc) and 3 conditionally essential nutrients (boron, silicon, vanadium) were measured in hair and in the intraoperative biopsy specimens obtained from children with congenital heart disease using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry. The results of the study were processed using variational and alternative statistic methods with the commercially available software “MedStat”. Results The lack of essential nutrients (K, Mn, Se, Cr, P, Co, S, Cu, Na, Mo) and conditionally essential mineral, Si, in the intraoperative biopsy specimens of the heart and great arteries has been found. The direct strong correlation between the levels of essential (K, Mn, Se, Cr, Co) and conditionally essential (Si) minerals in hair and heart tissues of children with congenital heart disease and heart rhythm disorders has been determined. Conclusion The deficit of essential (potassium, manganese, selenium, chromium, phosphorus, cobalt, sulfur, copper, sodium, molybdenum) and conditionally essential (silicon) mineral nutrients, and the direct strong correlation between their levels in hair and heart tissues of children with congenital heart disease and heart rhythm disorders allows using hair as a biosubstrate, which is highly informative for the measurement of nutrients in the human body.
ALTERED CONTRACTILE FUNCTION IN DOGS AFTER CLINICAL DEATH FOLLOWING ACUTE MIOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND INTACT HEART
Authors: Lisachenko G. V. , Budaev A. V. , Bannih S. V.
Published: June 2018

Aim. To assess myocardial contractile function in dogs after clinical death following acute myocardial infarction and to determine its role in the development of hemodynamic derangements after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Methods. 180 dogs included in the experiment received pentobarbital anesthesia to assess contractile function and systemic hemodynamics after a 5-min clinical death caused by myocardial infarction. Results Dogs had phase changes in the myocardial contractile function with its initial increase, subsequent depression and normalization in the early postresuscitation period after myocardial infarction. Depressed cardiac contractile function was accompanied by a decrease in the myocardial functional reserve. A similar tendency was found in the restoration of systemic hemocirculation. Conclusion. Similar phase alterations in the myocardial contractile function and systemic hemodynamics developed in the postresuscitation period of acute myocardial infarction. Immediately after recovery, the parameters of systemic hemoperfusion increased due to the activation of the cardiac contractile function. The subsequent initial (3 – 60 min) decrease in the volumetric perfusion parameters was mainly caused by the depressed cardiac contractile function. Rhythm disturbances affected on-going circulatory insufficiency 4 - 5 hours after the recovery. The subsequent progressive decrease in the volumetric perfusion was caused by the extracardiac factors.
LEFT ATRIAL MECHANICAL FUNCTION AND ITS DISORDERS AFTER PULMONARY VEIN ANTRUM ISOLATION
Authors: Mamchur I. N. , Chichkova T. Y. , Karetnikova V. N. , Mamchur S. E. , Romanova M. P.
Published: June 2018

The article presents new insights into the left atrial mechanical function, its main components and remodeling mechanisms after pulmonary vein antrum isolation. Left atrium is a cardiac chamber that transports blood. Being a complex «organ» both in anatomical and functional terms, it responds to hemodynamic derangements, the impact of humoral and vegetative factors. Structural, mechanical and electrical remodeling of the left atrium play a key role in the arrhythmogenesis of atrial fibrillation, as well as in the mechanism of arrhythmia maintenance. Left atrial mechanical dysfunction following catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation significantly affects intracardiac hemodynamics, worsens patients' well-being, and increases the risk of thromboembolic complications both in the immediate and long-term postoperative period.
RIGHT VENTRICULAR OUTFLOW TRACT RECONSTRUCTION DURING THE ROSS PROCEDURE: COMPARISON OF PULMONARY ALLOGRAFTS AND PERICARDIAL XENOGRAFTS
Authors: Sharifulin R. M. , Bogachev-Prokophiev A. V. , Demin I. I. , Open A. B. , Ovcharov M. A. , Karaskov A. M.
Published: June 2018

Aim The aim of this study was to compare the results of right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction during the Ross procedure with pulmonary allografts versus diepoxide-treated pericardial xenografts. Methods Between 1998 and 2015, 793 adult patients underwent the Ross procedure. The right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction was performed with pulmonary allografts in 185 patients, diepoxide-treated pericardial xenografts in 402 patients. Two groups of patients (122 patients in each group) were allocated using «propensity score matching»: the allograft group (pulmonary allograft) and the xenograft group (xenograft). Surgical results in two groups were assessed. Results The overall early mortality rate in both groups was 2.5%. The mean follow-up was 5,1±2,6 years in the allograft group and 5,2±2,8 years in xenograft group (p = 0,692). The 5-year survival rate did not differ between the study groups (93,7±2,6% in the allograft group versus 94,02±2,4% in the xenograft group, p = 0.748). The peak pressure gradients across the right ventricular outflow tract in early and mid-term follow-up were significantly higher in the xenograft group. Two patients in the xenograft group underwent redo surgeries due to the graft failure. There were no reoperations in the allograft group (p = 0,176). The freedom from right ventricular outflow tract reoperations was 96,3±2,7% for the xenograft group. Conclusion The diepoxide-treated pericardial xenografts demonstrates acceptable haemodynamic results at the mid-term follow-up and could be considered as an alternative to allografts for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction during the Ross procedure in adults. Further study focused on the assessment of the longterm results are required.
Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretmen Adaylarının Dijital Vatandaşlık Davranışlarının Bazı Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: Aslan Süleyman , Çakmak Zafer
Published: June 2018

Bu çalışma dijital
vatandaşlık ve onun alt boyutlarına yönelik Sosyal Bilgiler öğretmen
adaylarının algılarını incelemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir.         Araştırmanın katılımcıları 2015-2016
eğitim-öğretim yılında Fırat, Dicle, Siirt ve Adıyaman üniversitelerinin Sosyal
Bilgiler öğretmenliği bölümü 1,2,3 ve 4. sınıflarında okuyan 682 öğretmen adayı
oluşturmuştur. Katılımcıların 321’i kadın 361’i erkek olup yaş aralıkları 17-24
yaş arasında değişmektedir.       
Araştırmada veriler Kocadağ (2012) tarafından öğretmen adaylarının
dijital vatandaşlık düzeylerinin ölçülmesi amacıyla hazırlanan dijital
vatandaşlık ölçeği ve cinsiyet, yaş, ailenin aylık ortalama geliri, kendine ait
bilgisayar, sosyal ağ üyeliği, sosyal bilgilerin kaçıncı sınıf öğrencisi oldukları
ve internette kalma süreleri ile ilgili yedi değişken üzerinde uygulama
yapılmıştır. Uygulanan dijital vatandaşlık ölçeği 63 maddeli olup araştırmacı
tarafından öğretmenlik uygulaması dersi için yapılan 5 haftalık gözlemler ve
gözlemler sonucu yapılan görüşme sonucu elde edilmiştir. Nicel veriler
betimleyici istatistik tekniği ile analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen nitel
verilerin analizinde ise betimsel analiz tekniği kullanılmıştır. Sosyal
Bilgiler öğretmen adaylarının dijital vatandaşlığa yönelik tutumlarının
internette kalma süresi değişkeni açısından incelendiğinde istatistiksel olarak
anlamlı bir farklılığın olduğu görülmektedir. İnternette çevrimiçi kalma süresi
arttıkça tutumların daha da olumlu olduğu belirlenmiştir [F(4,324)=P>.05]. Ayrıca
katılımcıların dijital vatandaşı; bilgisayarı ve interneti çok iyi kullanmasını
bilen teknolojiye ayak uydurabilen yenilikçi bireyler olarak
tanımlamaktadırlar. Dijital çağın gerektirdiği bilgi toplumu yetiştirilmek
isteniyorsa özellikle Sosyal Bilgiler öğretmenlerine hak ve özgürlüklerin
öğretilmesi noktasında büyük roller düşmektedir. Dijital vatandaşlık
üniversitelerin Sosyal Bilgiler öğretmenliği bölümü müfredatında geniş yer
edinmeli ve ilk ve orta dereceli okul müfredatında özellikle Sosyal Bilgiler
dersine entegre edilmelidir.
Beginning Counselors’ Supervision in Counseling and Challenges and Supports They Experience: Based on Developmental Models
Authors: TANHAN Ahmet
Published: June 2018

Mental health
providers address mental health issues and/or increase the quality of life at
different levels starting from individual to global levels for individuals and
communities. Mental health providers are key people who strive to alleviate
suffering and enhance wellbeing of people. Therefore, more professional
supervision is need to focus on the training of mental health providers, which
means their clinical supervision. In this literature review article, the
author specifically focused on empirical studies that examined beginning
counselors’ developmental process. The author provided brief information about
developmental models of supervision, common challenges and supports the
beginning counselors-in-training experience, and common implications for
supervisors. The author also shared some of their site experiences from Turkey
and the U.S. to clarify how supervision needs more professional attention.
They also explained how supervision in Turkey need more attention and yet also
stated how some contextually sensitive supervision models emerge like structured active/engaged peer supervision model
(or in Turkish, Yapılandırılmış Aktif Akran Süpervizyon Modeli, YASAM). The most important point of this study is
supervisors consider developmental process of their supervisees and support
them with positive, supportive, and constructive feedback while utilizing
meaningful and engaging activities to challenge them so that supervision
process becomes more effective and meaningful. Research questions were
discussed for the future studies.
STRUCTURAL MODERNIZATION IN CONDITIONS OF FORMATION OF DIGITAL ECONOMY
Authors: Bondarenko V. M.
Published: June 2018

Purpose:the Article is based on the results of a set of author's studies, which reveal the reasons why the long-term introduction of scientific and technological progress, including modern high-tech achievements of the 21st century, only intensifies the crisis in the social and economic development of Russia and the global world as a whole. The main purpose of the work is to outline the main conditions for solving these problems for the successful formation, development and implementation of the digital economy, as well as understanding the role of the state in this process.

Methods: the study is based on the use of new methodological tools, in accordance with the author's approach to setting goals and the features of the development of the human system with a worldview position.

Results:the ideological foundations of the study of patterns in the development of the human system made it possible to determine the paradigm of its development in which a certain model of relations between people is formed. This model does not conflict with digital technologies and other achievements of the 21st century and allows finding an adequate mechanism of functioning. Such a mechanism prevents the emergence of possible risks for each individual and society as a whole, and fully reveals the creative potential of the digital economy.

Conclusions and Relevance: the article presents new methodological grounds that were not previously used in fundamental research and in science. They allow not only to determine the conditions of formation and mechanisms for achieving an effective digital economy, but also to expeditiously solve all the tasks set by the President of the Russian Federation in the Address to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of March 1,2018.
THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF BASIC AND REGENERATIVE ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLES USING DRY FLUIDS FROM WASTE HEAT RECOVERY
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Esra
Published: June 2018

The organic Rankine cycle (ORC), which
generates electric energy using low temperature heat sources, is a promising
technology in energy production sector. The ORC, which uses an organic fluid
with its lower boiling point and higher vapor pressure
than water-steam as a working fluid. The thermal
efficiency of an ORC showes the performance of system, depends on system
compenents, working fluid and operating conditions. This paper presents an
thermodynamics examination of basic ORC and regenerative ORC for waste heat
recovery applications using dry organic fluids. R113, R114, R227ea, R245fa and
R600a with the boiling points from -16 oC to 48 oC are
selected in the analyses. The relationships between the ORC's performance
parameters for basic and regenerative technologies and the properties of
working fluids are evaluated based on various turbine inlet pressure values.
Results show that regenerative ORC has higher thermal efficiency compared with
basic ORC. Also, the thermal efficiency increases with the increment of the
turbine inlet pressure for both
basic ORC and regenerative ORC.
Günümüzde Bazı Marjinal Mehdî Tiplemeleri ve Söylem Analizleri
Authors: Akın Murat
Published: June 2018

İslam’ın temel kaynakları  olan Kur’an ve sünnet, bazen bir takım kişi ve gruplar tarafından ulaşmak istedikleri amaç ve gayeler doğrultusunda kullanılmaktadır. Bununla beraber bu iki kaynak bazı kişiler tarafından zamanla insanları etkilemek veya saflarına çekmek arzusuyla rüya, ilham, keşif, keramet ve bazı yayınlarla işlevsiz hale getirilmektedir. Bu yöntemi, bilinen büyük yapılardan ayrı bazı marjinal tiplemeler de kullanmaktadır. Bunlardan insanlığın kurtuluşu için kendilerini birer ruhanî otorite olarak kabul eden Adnan Oktar, Serdar Çiftçi, İskender Evrenesoğlu ve benzerleri, dini bilgiyi aktarmada subjektif tecrübeleri dinin birer kaynağı olarak görmektedirler. Aynı zamanda kendilerini huzurun kaynağı olarak göstermektedirler. Halbuki tarih boyu bu iddialarda bulunan yüzlerce kişi gelip geçmesine rağmen, onların dedikleri huzur ortamı oluşmadı aksine bunların kendileri huzursuzluğun sebebi oldular. Şu an bile çalışmamızda isimlerini belirttiğimiz kişiler, onlarca mağdur aile oluşturmuş olup hukuki soruşturmaları devam etmektedir. Nihayetinde bu tiplemeler İslam alemine birlik ve huzur yerine tefrika ve buhranlı yaşam sunmaktadırlar. Çalışmamızda gün geçtikçe sayıları katlanan bazı marjinal mehdî tiplemelerini ve söylemlerini analiz etmeye çalışacağız.
Kelâmın Epistemolojik Eksen Olma İmkânı
Authors: GENÇ Cafer
Published: June 2018

Kelâm âlimleri ilmi, kadîm ve hâdis olmak üzere ikiye ayırmışlar ve insana ait olanı “hâdis ilim” olarak adlandırmışlardır. Kadîm ilimle hâdis ilmi bağımsız iki ilim olarak görmemişler; içlem kaplam ilişkisiyle kadîm ilmin hâdis ilmi de kapsadığını belirtmişlerdir. Kelâmcıların bu tanımlamasıyla, hangi çerçevede ele alınırsa alınsın, insandan iradî olarak sâdır olan bütün ilimler “hâdis ilim” kapsamına girmektedir. Temel ilimler, aynı varlık alanlarını/konularını farklı açılardan ve farklı metotlarla ele alarak ortaya çıkmışlardır. Ancak bu ilimlere ait müktesebat çoğalınca, ait oldukları epistemolojik ekseni unutarak otonom olma sürecine girince, disiplinler arasında paradigmaya dayalı farklılaşmalar derinleşmeye başlamış; bunun bir sonucu olarak da epistemolojik parçalanma ortaya çıkmıştır. Her disiplin kendi “realitesini” ihdas etme sürecine girince, bilgi disiplinleri arasındaki farklılaşma derinleşerek “ayrımlaşma” sürecine geçmiştir. Disiplinler arasındaki bu olumsuz ilişkiler ağı, insan hayatını da etkileyerek bu minvalde kurumsallaşmayı ortaya çıkarmıştır. Kelâm ilmi, tarih boyunca hep ilkeli bütünleşmeyi sağlama peşinde olduğundan dolayı epistemolojik parçalanmanın ortaya çıkardığı/çıkaracağı olumsuzlukları normatif bir dille ortaya koymakla yükümlüdür. Epistemoloji alanında birlik/uyum sağlanamadığı sürece, küresel düzeyde barış ve uyumun sağlanması düşünülemez. Bu açıdan, konu oldukça geniş kapsamlı olup çok yönlü ve bir arada çalışmayı gerekli kılmaktadır. Burada sadece, teorik düzeyde kelâmın epistemolojik eksen olma imkânı ele alınmaktadır.
Âlemin Hudûsü, Tikellerin Zamansallığı ve Değişebilirliği ile İnsan Özgürlüğü Bağlamında İlâhî Sıfatların Ezelîliği
Authors: GÜL Ekrem Sefa
Published: June 2018

İlâhî sıfatların ezelîliği ile âlemin yaratılması, kader ve insan özgürlüğü arasındaki ilişkinin mahiyeti kelâm ilminin önemli problemlerindendir. İlâhî sıfatların ezelîliğinin bu problemlere dair belli görüşlerle bir arada savunulması zaman zaman itirazlara yol açmıştır. Bu problemler; âlemin yaratılmasıyla ilgili olanlar, zamanda gerçekleşen tikellerin bilgisiyle ilgili olanlar ve insan özgürlüğü ile ilgili olanlar şeklinde üç kısımda toplanabilir. Bu tartışmalar incelendiğinde, sorunun kaynağının genelde ezelîlik tasavvurundaki kapalılık olduğu görülür.  Ezelîliği, zamanda her önceki andan önce gelen başka bir önce veya zamanın başlangıcından önceki zamansal uzanımdan uzak durum olarak anlamak ilâhî sıfatların zamansal değişime tâbi varlıklarla ilişkisini açıklamada güçlüklere neden olur. Hâlbuki sadece yüce Allah’a ve O’nun sıfatlarına özgü bir durum olarak, ebede kadar bütün zamansal akışı zamansal açıdan uzanımsız tek bir anda içeren bir ezel anlayışı bu kapsamdaki problemlerin çözümünü sağlar. Bu ezel anlayışı geçmişte de ifade edilmiş olmakla birlikte yirminci yüzyılda yaşanan bazı düşünsel gelişmeler bunu daha açık bir şekilde ortaya koyma imkânı vermiştir.