bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An integrated approach for predicting the occurrence probability of an elusive species: the Southwest China serow
Authors: Phan Thuc D. , Baxter Greg S. , Phan Hao A. D. , Mai Luan S. , Trinh Hoang D.
Published: July 2019

Context
Understanding the environmental factors influencing the occurrence of wildlife has become increasingly important, contributing to better conservation actions for threatened species.

Aims
We aimed to understand the factors that influence the occurrence probability of the Southwest China serow (Capricornis milneedwardsii), a threatened species, thereby developing conservation interventions to save the species from local extirpation on the Cat Ba Archipelago, Vietnam.

Methods
An integrated approach, including literature reviews, interviews, field surveys, logistic generalised linear models and Bayesian networks, was applied to identify environmental variables and species occurrence, and model the occurrence probability of the species. Sensitivity analysis and scenarios were also performed to identify the influence of environmental variables on the probability of the species occurrence.

Key results
Distance to ranger station was found to be the most influential factor on serow occurrence, followed by total forest, distance to village, steepness and elevation. Hunting pressure has probably forced serows to inhabit the areas where they are well protected, and this need probably over-rides the effect of ecological variables.

Conclusion
Through combing knowledge of forest rangers and members of forest-protection groups, field surveys and logistic generalised linear models, a Bayesian network was developed to predict the occurrence probability of the threatened Southwest China serow on the Cat Ba Archipelago for conservation actions. The modelling results and findings from the present study provided further understanding of the relationships between environmental factors and the probability of the species occurrence, which have been rarely studied throughout the range of this species.

Implications
The modelling predictions give managers basic information for conservation and recovery planning in situations where integrated conservation interventions should be urgently conducted to save the threatened species from local extirpation.
Evidence of significantly higher island feral cat abundance compared with the adjacent mainland
Authors: Taggart Patrick L. , Fancourt Bronwyn A. , Bengsen Andrew J. , Peacock David E. , Hodgens Patrick , Read John L. , McAllister Milton M. , Caraguel Charles G. B.
Published: July 2019

Context
Feral cats (Felis catus) impact the health and welfare of wildlife, livestock and humans worldwide. They are particularly damaging where they have been introduced into island countries such as Australia and New Zealand, where native prey species evolved without feline predators. Kangaroo Island, in South Australia, is Australia’s third largest island and supports several threatened and endemic species. Cat densities on Kangaroo Island are thought to be greater than those on the adjacent South Australian mainland, based on one cat density estimate on the island that is higher than most estimates from the mainland. The prevalence of cat-borne disease in cats and sheep is also higher on Kangaroo Island than the mainland, suggesting higher cat densities. A recent continental-scale spatial model of cat density predicted that cat density on Kangaroo Island should be about double that of the adjacent mainland. However, although cats are believed to have severe impacts on some native species on the island, other species that are generally considered vulnerable to cat predation have relatively secure populations on the island compared with the mainland.

Aims
The present study aimed to compare feral cat abundance between Kangaroo Island and the adjacent South Australian mainland using simultaneous standardised methods. Based on previous findings, we predicted that the relative abundance of feral cats on Kangaroo Island would be approximately double that on the South Australian mainland.

Methods
Standardised camera trap surveys were used to simultaneously estimate the relative abundance of feral cats on Kangaroo Island and the adjacent South Australian mainland. Survey data were analysed using the Royle–Nichols abundance-induced heterogeneity model to estimate feral cat relative abundance at each site.

Key results
Cat abundance on the island was estimated to be over 10 times greater than that on the adjacent mainland.

Conclusions
Consistent with predictions, cat abundance on the island was greater than on the adjacent mainland. However, the magnitude of this difference was much greater than expected.

Implications
The findings show that the actual densities of cats at local sites can vary substantially from predictions generated by continental-scale models. The study also demonstrates the value of estimating abundance or density simultaneously across sites using standardised methods.
Direct disagreement in Vietnamese students’ EFL group work discussion
Authors: Hoang Thi Hanh , De Nooy Juliana
Published: July 2019

Disagreement has been traditionally viewed as a dispreferred response, which speakers tend to avoid or mitigate
due to its presumed face threatening effects. However, more recent studies argue that disagreement is not inherently dispreferred
or marked, but needs to be contextualized. This article examines the interactions of Vietnamese EFL students in the context of a
collaborative task in English. Somewhat surprisingly, given the common portrayal of the Vietnamese as favoring indirect
communication, it finds a high incidence of direct disagreement, characterized by the use of ‘no’. The study explores how direct
‘no’ is used in disagreement and the impact it has on the sequence of the interaction as well as the harmony of the group. In the
majority of cases, and in contrast with the stated beliefs of the participants regarding disagreement, almost none of the direct
uses of ‘no’ have negative consequences on the interaction. The analysis of instances of ‘no’ that impact negatively on the
interaction suggests contextually interactional rules underlying its appropriate use. Group work in EFL among Vietnamese students,
therefore, is another context in which disagreement is expected and does not necessarily detract from the harmony of the
group.
Profile of Monoglyceride and Diglyceride Compounds of the Ethanolysis Products from Palm Kernel Oil (PKO)
Authors: Murhadi  , Hidayati S , Sugiharto R
Published: July 2019

Ethanolysis of PKO has been done by the addition of ethoxide ion solution {ethanol 90% containing 1% (w/w PKO) of NaOH} to 100 g PKO at the ratio of 1.0; 1.2; or 1.4 (w/w), each with the addition of glycerol 10% (w/w PKO) at 55-60°C, stirred at 1000 rpm for 3, 6, 9, or 12 minutes. Careful observation is done on the yield and monoglyceride, diglycerides, and triglycerides distribution patterns in the PKO ethanolysis products. The average yield of all treatments resulted in a value of 44.91% (± 4.47%; w/w). The yield of ethanolysis of PKO with the ratio of 1.4 (w/w) is better than with the ratio of 1.0 (w/w) and 1.2 (w/w), while 6 minutes shown a better result for the PKO ethanolysis time reaction compared to 3, 9, or 12 minutes. The average of glycerides, esters, monoglycerides, internal standard, diglycerides, and triglycerides in overall treatments, shows 6.09, 55.02, 7.07, 2.55, 23.54, and 5.73%, respectively. Group of monoglyceride (MG) and diglyceride (DG) compounds in PKO ethanolysis products, both obtained on average with the best treatment at ethanolysis time for 3 minutes for a ratio of 1.0 (w/w), each at 7.74% (w/w) and 30.60% (w/w).
Reduction of Pb(II) Ion in Soybean Seeds (Glycine max) Using Corncob Liquid Smoke
Authors: Handayani T , Xyzquolyna D , Pranoto Y , Suratman A
Published: July 2019

This research aims to study the ability of corncob liquid smoke for reduce of Pb(II) Ion in soybean seeds and the influence of its constituent compounds in reducing of Pb content in soybean seeds. The liquid smoke was obtained from corncob via pyrolysis, precipitation and two-time distillation. The process of reducing Pb content in soybean seeds is by soaking soybean seeds in liquid smoke with variations in the concentration of liquid smoke (0; 12.5; 25; 50 and 100%). Results show that the phenol, carbonyl and acid total content of corncob liquid smoke were 1.22%; 5.65%; and 9.60%; respectively. The corncob liquid smoke with concentration of 100% is able to reduce Pb content in soybean seeds by 48.93%. The components of phenol, carbonyl and acid in liquid smoke reduce after the chelation process. This shows that phenol, carbonyl and acid components influence the reduce Pb content in soybean seeds.
Anthocyanin and Iron Absorption of Black Rice Bran Aqueous Extract using In Vitro Everted Gut Sac Method
Authors: Nurlaili E P
Published: July 2019

Black rice bran in Indonesia countries contained high anthocyanin and iron. As rice bran has not been widely used for food, this research investigated other possible functional effect of rice bran extract. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the absorption of anthocyanin and iron of subvar Cibeusi black rice bran extract of by in vitro everted gut sac method. Experiment was conducted on various part of small intestine using black rice bran, aqueous extract, and residue during various periods (10 – 100 minutes). Twenty four male 2 months old Wistar rats were put in 20-24 hours fasting condition and only given ad libitum deionized drinking water. After dissection, small intestine was taken, cut into duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and then reverted. The two ends of each of them were tied, filled with 0.9% NaCl solution, and the put into tube contained mucous solution and samples with constant oxygen saturated. The results showed part that the highest anthocyanin absorption of 0,0160 mg/g was obtained in jejunum. The highest anthocyanin absorption was obtained at 40 minutes of 0.0165 mg/g. Results also showed part of the small intestine can highest absorbed iron in duodenum compared to other parts of 3.65 ppm. Black rice bran extracts can be highest absorbed of 3.78 ppm. The type of material that can be absorbed highest in black rice bran extracts of 4.23ppm. The highest iron absorption at 10 minutes of 3.48 ppm.
Memorizing Al Quran Improves Quality of Life Stroke Patients with Motoric Aphasia Disorders
Authors: Ma’ruf I J , Hartanto O , Suminah  , Sulaeman E S
Published: July 2019

Background and purpose. Empowering stroke patients with motor aphasia through memorizing the Al Quran to improve quality of life. Stroke causes neurological disorders that cause changes in quality of life. Quality of life is healthy physically, mentally, socially, environmentally and healthily, regardless of illness and can maintain health status. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of memorizing the Al Quran and family support on stroke patients with motor aphasia disorder on functional communication skills, level of independence and quality of life. Materials and methods. The study was conducted at Ja’far Medika General Hospital Karanganyar, Central Java, Indonesia. The number of subjects was 102 stroke patients with motor aphasia, as evidenced by the results of head CT scan. Type of quantitative research, using experimental design, simple randomized the pretest-posttest control group design. Results. The effect of memorizing the Al Quran, family support, functional communication skills and the level of independence of the combined quality of life in stroke patients with motor aphasia impairment got the value of r square = 0.982 with p = 0.000 (p <0.001) which means that memorizing the Al Quran, support family, functional communication skills and level of independence affect the quality of life combined in stroke patients with motoric aphasia with very strong levels. Or it can be said that 98.2% of the quality of life is influenced by memorizing the Al Quran, family support, functional communication skills and level of independence. Partially it is known that the most influential effect on the quality of life in stroke patients with motor aphasia is memorizing Al Quran (r = 0.735; p = 0.000) compared to family support (r = 0.321; p = 0.000), while functional communication skills (r = 0.017; p = 0.618) and independence (r = 0.035; p = 0.305) had no significant effect on quality of life. Conclusion. That the direct influence of the variable memorizing the Al Quran and family support for the quality of life is better, without having to go through functional communication skills and the level of independence as mediation.
The Effect of Clinacanthus nutans (Burm.f.) Lindau Water Fraction Addition on Hypoglycemia
Authors: Retnaningsih C , Ananingsih V K , Meiliana  , Anggraeny E N , Cahyani I M , Nugraheni B , Efendi R
Published: July 2019

This research aimed to investigate the effect of administering water fraction of Clinacanthus nutans [Burm.F.] Lindau (the local name of daun dandang gendis) in different doses on hypoglycemia. The research method was using the test of dandang gendis leaves (Clinacanthus nutans (Burm.f.) Lindau) water fraction on wistar rats using pre and post test method randomized control group design. The induction using a high-fat diet consisting of pork oil: duck egg (3:1) and fructose 1.8 g/kgBW for 30 days was applied. Rats were divided into 6 groups: normal control (aquadest), negative control (carboxyl methyl cellulose/CMC), positive control (metformin), dose I 15,89 mg/kgBW (water fraction of Clinacanthus nutans [Burm.F.] Lindau), dose II 31,78 mg / kgBW, and dose III 47,67 mg / kgBW. The result showed that a dose of 15,89 mg/kg BW was an effective dose to reduce blood glucose level. of wistar male rats induced by fructose and high-fat feed.
In-silico Specificity Comparison between GMF-GMR and JMF-JMR Primers for Detecting moaC Genes of Food Spoilage Bacteria Pseudomonas spp
Authors: Ethica S N , Sulistyaningtyas A R , Darmawati S
Published: July 2019

Pseudomonasspp. have been known as notorious food spoilage bacteria with ability to produce thermo-tolerant enzymes. They pose serious risk to public health as its most pathogenic member,P. aeruginosa, could cause nosocomial infections affecting peoplewith immunodeficiency. The use of GMF-GMR primers had been reported capable for detecting bacterialmoaCofAlcaligenes javaensisJG3. The gene is suspected to be related with dormancy of pathogenic bacteria. This study aimed to investigate specificity of the GMR-GMF as well as a newly designed JMF-JMR pairs of primers (JMF: 5’- GGCGTACATCATCCACACTG-3’ and JMR: 5’-GGCGTTGACCATCTATGACA-3’) for detectingmoaCgenes of 57 members ofPseudomonasspp. retrieved from http://insilico.ehu.eus/ database usingin silicoPCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). The results showed that GMF-GMR primers could selectively amplify 271-bpin silico PCRproducts from 14 out of 57 members ofPseudomonasspp. tested. However, BLASTn analysis on these 14 amplified DNA sequences showed that they were not part ofmoaC, yetglpKgene fragment sequences. Meanwhile, the newly designed primers frommoaCsequence of strain JG3, JMFJMR, could specifically amplify 214-bpin silico PCRproducts from 2 out of 57 members ofPseudomonasspp. matched to bacterialmoaCgene fragment sequences. As conclusion, based onin silicostudy JMF-JMR primers are more specific than GMF-GMR ones for detectingmoaCgene fragments of members ofPseudomonasspp. studied.
The Differences of Salivary and Urine Acetone Levels in Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Priadi N E , Anggraini H , Maharani E T W
Published: July 2019

Ketone objects (acetone, beta-hydroxybutyric, acetoacetic acid) are compounds produced by the body from the breakdown of fatty acids (lipolysis) on the pathway of lipid metabolism. Synthesis of ketones can be caused by insulin hormone disorders such as those experienced by people with diabetes mellitus (DM). Such conditions trigger an increase in lipolysis in adipose tissue which results in the release of free fatty acids as a substrate for the process of ketogenesis in the liver. Acetone as a product of ketogenesis will enter the kidney to be excreted with urine, and if the amount is excessive, then some will accumulate into the saliva. The purpose of this research was to determine differences in salivary and urine acetone levels in DM patients. The type of research is analytic with the cross-sectional approach. Samples were taken using a sequential random sampling technique as many as 18 DM patients, both men and women aged 40-65 years old. The data collection technique was by conducting a direct examination of salivary and urine acetone which measured using spectrophotometric methods. The results showed an average salivary acetone level of 18.9 mg/L, while the mean level of urine acetone was 555.6 mg/L. Mann-Whitney statistical test showed a significance value of 0.000 (P <0.05), so it was concluded that there were significant differences between salivary acetone levels and urine acetone levels. Urine samples with smaller acetone concentrations are able to give positive results, while salivary samples will show positive results when acetone levels in urine are very high.
The Effectiveness of Derris elliptica (Wall.) Benth Root Extract Against Temephos-resistant Aedes aegypti Larvae
Authors: Sayono  , Permatasari A , Sumanto D
Published: July 2019

Derris elliptica (Wall.) Benth is a wild plant or weed in agricultural fields that was traditionally used for poisoning fish and plant pests. Several studies showed the low lethal concentration of Derris elliptica root extract to control the laboratory strain Aedes aegypti larvae. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Derris elliptica root extract against the temephos-resistant Aedes aegypti larvae from the Dengue endemic areas. This experimental study used post-test only control group design with five different concentrations of methanolic Derris elliptica root extract, namely 0.09%, 0.13%, 0.17%, 0.21%, and 0.25%, respectively. Twenty-five of F1 temephos-resistant of wild-caught Aedes aegypti larvae were subjected to each group of the five different concentrations, and two control groups with aquadest. The temephos-resistant strain of Aedes aegypti larvae was determined by bioassay test with temephos -0.02 ppm compound. Mortality rate and lethal concentration (LC50 and LC90) of the larvae were calculated after 24-h contact. Average of mortality rate in each concentration after 24-h contact with Derris elliptica root extract were 32.8%, 49.6%, 72.0%, 95.2%, and 100% with LC50 and LC90 were 1,600 and 2,040 ppm, respectively. The methanolic Derris elliptica root extract have larvacidal potential to control the temephos-resistant Aedes aegypti larvae. Further research to obtain secondary metabolites is needed.
Application of quick tempe technology for production of overripe tempe
Authors: Gunawan-Puteri M D P T , Fortunata S A , Mursito E , Wijaya C H
Published: July 2019

Recent studies indicated overripe tempe potencies as source of umami flavor. However, further development of overripe tempe as food ingredient was hindered by its long production time compared to tempe and its unavailability in commercial market. In this study, quick tempe technology that replace natural lactic acid fermentation with Glucono Delta Lactone (GDL)-chemical acidification, was applied to shorten the production time of overripe tempe. In this study, three variations of GDL-chemical acidification were applied, whether it is applied in the first soaking (Tempe GDL I), second soaking (Tempe GDL II), or both soaking stages (Tempe GDL III). Visual documentations were done every 12 hours to observe mycelium growth rate and the fermentation time required to produce overripe tempe. Each variation show different mycelium growth rate. Tempe GDL I became overripe tempe after 72 hours starter inoculation, while GDL II and GDL III started to become overripe tempe after 96 hours of starter inoculation. The result suggest different method of GDL-chemical acidification for different target of production, whether it is targeting the production of fresh tempe, overripe tempe, or tempe that will be further processed as ingredient.
Feasibility analysis of Rumah Tempe Zanada establishment in Bandung using net present value, internal rate of return, and payback period
Authors: Zativita F I , Chumaidiyah E
Published: July 2019

Rumah Tempe Indonesia was established based on the desire of KOPTI committee (Indonesian Tempe Tofu Producers Cooperative), Indonesian Tempe Forum, and Mercy Corps that want some changes in production process that can be used as references of ideal production place of tempe producer which prioritizes hygienic production process. As a pioneer of the establishment of a tempe hygienic production house, Rumah Tempe Indonesia opened its new business into Rumah Tempe Zanada which was established in Bandung. In establishing this business, a research study was conducted to ensure the is feasible. Using literature study and interview as the data collecting method, a feasibility study is conducted on the market, technical, and financial aspects of the establishment of Rumah Tempe Zanada for 5 years as the calculating period. The business is concluded to be feasible as in the financial aspect with the total of project cost at value Rp 765,427,036 by calculating the IRR which is 19% using MARR is equal to 10.25%, and estimated Payback Period from Tempe Zanada Home is 4 years, 6 months and 17 days. Meanwhile, the result of the NPV amount of this investment is Rp 260,380,763.
Redesign layout of production floor facilities using Algorithm CRAFT
Authors: Sembiring A C , Sitanggang D , Budiman I , Aloina G
Published: July 2019

High productivity is the main thing that must be owned by all companies and industry players in meeting the needs of consumers. To increase the productivity of the company must be supported by the smooth process of production, one of the ways is setting the right plant layout because it affects the cost of the production process. A cracker maker manufacturing company has constraints in layout arrangements that result in inefficiency in production and distance which results in high material handling costs so that a layout redesign has to be done to minimize material handling costs. The design of the production floor facility layout is done by CRAFT algorithm with the help of WinQSB software. The results of the study found that alternative proposals that provide a reduction result of 9.21% or equal to Rp 6,781,236, - per batch of the total cost of material handling initial layout.
Evaluate the Implementation of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Management System Performance Measurement at PT. XYZ Medan to minimize Extreme Risks
Authors: Delvika Yuana , Mustafa Kamil
Published: July 2019

OHS is an activities to ensure and protect the safety and health of the workforce through prevention of occupational injuries and occupational diseases. One way of prevention of work accident is through to implement OHS System. The OHS process should begin with a good planning process to ensure that its implementation complies with the desired policies and objectives. PT. XYZ Medan has implemented OHS System which is regulated in the procedures and manuals of the company’s management system. The purpose of this study was to assess and evaluate the Occupational Safety and Health Management System and also to evaluate Hazard Identification in the company. This research uses checklist method of all assessment criteria of OHS management system based on Indonesian Government Regulation, and for application of OHS in company use qualitative data through spreading of quisioner to managers, supervisors and workers. Based on the result of observation, it is found that the implementation of OHS in the company is not fully complied with the Indonesian Government Regulation. There are still 24 unfulfilled criteria that is concerning policy, plan of OHS, document control, product control, work security, hazard inspection, material management, skills and abilities. This study resulted in the acquisition of the results of analysis in the achievement level of OHS is 92.2% and has been included in the satisfactory category so worthy to be certified and ranked the golden flag. And analysis of the implementation and implementation of OHS to the established principles has been above 50% and can be interpreted that OHS is considered important to be applied in the company.
Six Sigma Application on Cement Packing Quality Control and Analysis to Reduce Defect
Authors: Sutrisno Wahyudhi , Fathiah Ummu , Sulistio Joko
Published: July 2019

Quality control is applied to achieve company’s vision to be a distinguished cement company in south east region. The objective of this article is to analyze the process quality control and assign six sigma methods to do so. It results 4.44 sigma with DPMO value of 1,638.6 which shows that the company is within USA average performance in similar industry. In addition, this article identify the CTO priority is the damaged sack. The causes of this damage are coming from factors such as methods, machine, human, environment and materials. Considering its urgency, failure mode that need to be prioritized are censors, cut belt conveyor, filling tube, saddle back. The remedial efforts for such failures are: (1) Consistently supervise workers; (2) routine check on packer machines; (3) develop standard operating procedures; (4) machines maintenance; (5) employee training.
Design of inspection plan simulation for material packaging activities in the baby milk industry
Authors: Zagloel T Y M , Hakim I M , Rositawati E , Adilla A
Published: July 2019

One of the main activities that has an important impact to ensure good packaging material quality to be used in the production process is the inspection activity. In the inspection process, dynamic situations always arise. This study is conducted to simulate the design of packaging material inspection plan activities. Model simulations are performed using the Plant Simulation software. The models that are simulated are the existing model running under current conditions as well as models sampled using the MIL STD 1916 method. The results of this study show that with the existing model, 1.096 samples can be completed by 5 inspectors working in 1 shift, whereas with the model using the MIL STD 1916 sampling method, 2.120 samples can be completed by 6 inspectors working in 3 shifts.
Prioritizing critical parts of crumb rubber product by using quality function deployment (QFD) phase II : Product design matrix
Authors: Ginting Rosnani , Ishak Aulia , Widodo
Published: July 2019

Product quality is the most important thing in product design. To produce a qualified product, the designer must adjust the technical characteristics to the customer’s needs, so that the critical part of the crumb rubber product can be determined. The critical part of crumb rubber product is carried out using the second phase of quality function deployment (QFD) method. Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is a method used to improve the quality of a product by considering consumer needs associated with technical characteristics, and to obtain critical part priority, the designer must develop QFD phase II, which is a continuation of QFD phase I. In QFD phase I, the result obtained is a priority of technical characteristics, so the priority of technical characteristics becomes input for QFD phase II as attribute of consumer needs. The results obtained from QFD phase II method in this study is the critical part priority which is used as the corrected part of a crumb rubber product to improve the quality of the crumb rubber product type SIR 20. The critical part priority obtained is the resistance of the rubber product to the heat, the resistance of plasticity, and plastic resistance to heat.
Production of Choline Chloride-Based Deep Eutectic Solvent with Hydrogen Bond Donor D-Glucose and Ethylene Glycol
Authors: Manurung Renita , Simanjuntak Golda Claudia , Perez Raja Nico , Syahputra Ardian , Alhamdi Muhammad Arif , Siregar Halimatussa’Diah , Syahputri Zuhri Ruri Rizki
Published: July 2019

Deep eutectic solvent (DES) is a new environmental friendly solvent. The characteristics of the salt molar ratio greatly influence the characteristics of DES/hydrogen bond donor (HBD) and HBD constituent species.DES was synthesized from salt ChCl and HBD D-Glucose and Ethylene Glycol at different molar ratios will be observed. Freezing, density, pH and viscosity are some characteristics of DES. The result showed that the molar ratio ChCl:D-glucose to generate DES with freezing point and density was the lowest in the molar ratio 2:1 (<20 °C and 1.26352 g/ml) and the molar ratio of ChCl:Ethylene Glycol to generate DES with freezing point, density and viscosity was the lowest on the molar ratio 1: 2.5 (<10 °C, 1.11473 g/ml and 22.049 cP). In addition, the ChCl/D-Glucose–based DES and ChCl/Ethylene Glycol which was produced has a pH in the neutral range
The application of lean manufacturing to minimize waste in Crude Palm Oil (CPO) production process at PT. XYZ
Authors: Ishak A , Ginting R , Chandra V
Published: July 2019

The Crude Palm Oil (CPO) processing industry in Indonesia has growth rapidly. Currently, Indonesia is capable to produce 41.98 million tons of palm oil from 14.03 million hectares land area, with an average selling price for 714.3 US dollars per metric ton. The problems faced by PT. XYZ was CPO production capacity below than the optimal CPO production capacity of 400 tons/day. The problem solving method uses the Lean Manufacturing approach to identify activities that are classified as waste. Based on the results of observations and measurements at PT. XYZ, a non-value added activity of 296.46 minutes with a Process Cycle Efficiency level of 49.01%. The application of improvements using Value Stream Mapping, found that sorting Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) at Sorting Station, stacking FFB in Loading Ramp, pouring lorry loads, and flowing CPO into Storage Tank were activities that classified as non-value added activities, which needed to be solved. The results of improvements show an improvement in Manufacturing Lead Time to 489.47 minutes and Process Cycle Efficiency to 58.21%.
The development of the Driver Ergonomic Risk Assessment (DERA) for assessing the risk factors for professional driver
Authors: Bunpot L , Klangduen P
Published: July 2019

This paper describes the development of the Driver Ergonomic Risk Assessment (DERA) and provides the reader with information about participative approach adopted and the scientific foundation that underpins its use in the workplace. This research proposes two phase methodology used for the development and evaluation of DERA, including prototype design in the phase 1 and verification test in the phase 2. The three group factors including individual factors, physical factors, and psychosocial factors are utilized to assess the risk associated with the professional driver. This research reveals that DERA is necessary in prompting improvements and evaluating the benefits (level risk reduction of WMSD risk factors) by providing a structured process to prioritize the need of change.
Analysis of Boiler Operation Workload in Salted Fish Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs)
Authors: Ginting Sevistha , Mei Putri , Juliana  , Fitriana Nur , Muda Iskandar
Published: July 2019

A person’s physical condition at work is crucial to the production output. This can be influenced by operator fatigue factor based on operator’s calorie requirement while working, since the amount of energy that comes out is greater than the incoming energy at work. The operators working on fish boiling stations are 2 operators and with 2-3 hours working time per day. Thus, to determine the fatigue factor of the operator is to know the pulse operator to determine the number of calories needed by the operator while working. Then the determination of the classification of workload based on the increase in the maximum pulse due to the burden (cardiovascular load = CVL) in every activity undertaken by the worker needs to be known. It is expected that workers can do their work to the maximum in a long time. The method of Cardiovascular Load (CVL) is a calculation to determine the classification of workload based on the calculation of the working pulse rate difference with the resting pulse compared to the difference between the maximum pulse with resting pulse.
Palm biodiesel production using by heterogeneous catalyst based corn cobs
Authors: Siregar A G A , Manurung R , Taslim
Published: July 2019

In this research, heterogeneous solid base catalysts were derived from corn cobs. the solid base catalyst was obtained which was then used for the production of palm oil biodiesel with a transesterification reaction. The catalyst prepared corn cobs with impregnation of NaOH then calcined temperature 400°C at 2 hours. The optimum conditions for the function of duration reaction time and catalyst amount obtained catalyst amount 3% at 60 minutes, temperature 65°C, ratio methanol to oil 12:1 obtained yield of biodiesel 93.10% while the function of reaction temperature and catalyst amount obtained catalyst amount 2.5%, ratio methanol to oil 12:1, at duration time is 60 minutes and temperature 60°C obtained yields 97.35%. The catalyst was easily separated from the reaction mixture by filtration and able to reuse for 2 times. The biodiesel product is specified with EN14214. Heterogeneous catalysts derived from corn cobs that show high-cost potential and produce easy ones as solid catalysts for the transesterification reaction of biodiesel production.
Targeting the complement system in bacterial meningitis
Authors: Koelman Diederik L H , Brouwer Matthijs C , van de Beek Diederik
Published: July 2019

Morbidity and mortality in bacterial meningitis are driven by an uncontrolled host inflammatory response. Koelman et al. evaluate the detrimental role of the complement system in spurring this inflammation, and conclude that anaphylatoxin C5a is a promising treatment target in bacterial meningitis.
Distinct niche partitioning of marine and freshwater microbes during colonisation
Authors: Dann Lisa M , Clanahan Michelle , Paterson James S , Mitchell James G
Published: July 2019

Bacteria are ubiquitous on the Earth, and many use chemotaxis to colonise favourable microenvironments. The colonisation process is continuous, where animals, plants, protists, viruses and chemical and physical factors frequently remove bacteria from wide volume ranges. Colonisation processes are poorly understood in natural communities. Here, we investigated niche partitioning during colonisation in aquatic microbial communities using bands of bacterial chemotaxis in petri dishes from mixed-species communities. The community partitioned into loiterers, primary and secondary colonisers, each having distinct abundances and taxonomy. Within marine samples, Shewanella dominated the primary colonisers, whilst Enterobacteriaceae dominated this group within the freshwater samples. Whether the success of these specific groups translates to what occurs within natural communities is uncertain, but here we show these taxa have the capacity to colonise new, unexplored environments. A strong negative association existed between the primary colonisers and viral abundance, suggesting that successful colonisers simultaneously move toward areas of heightened resources, which correlated with lower virus-like particles. Here, we show that microbial communities constantly sort themselves into distinct taxonomic groups as they move into new environments. This sorting during colonisation may be fundamental to microbial ecology, industry, technology, and disease development by setting the initial conditions that determine the winners as a community develops.
Protein and carbohydrate intakes alter gut microbial community structure in crickets: a Geometric Framework approach
Authors: Ng Soon Hwee , Stat Michael , Bunce Michael , Simpson Stephen J , Simmons Leigh W
Published: July 2019

Proteins and carbohydrates have profound impacts on the ecology of gut microbiota, but disentangling the single and interactive effects of different dietary constituents is challenging. Here, we used a multidimensional approach, the Geometric Framework, to study the interactions between nutrition and bacterial abundances with respect to protein and carbohydrate intakes in field cricket, Teleogryllus oceanicus. Our study revealed that species richness decreased as crickets consumed more macronutrients, and species evenness peaked at high intake of protein-rich diets. Sex and protein:carbohydrate (P:C) ratios in diets were the primary factors influencing the gut bacterial community, but most of the microbial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that were significantly different between males and females were present in low abundance. In contrast, protein intake had a greater influence than carbohydrate consumption on the relative abundances of the core bacterial taxa, as an increase in dietary protein availability could remove the growth constraint imposed by limited nitrogen. Taken together, the use of the Geometric Framework provides a deeper insight into how nutritional intakes influence the relative abundances of gut microbes, and could be a useful tool to integrate the study of gut microbiome and fitness traits in a host.
Consider the Oyster Seller: Street Hawkers and Gendered Stereotypes in Early Modern London
Authors: Taverner Charlie
Published: July 2019

Oyster sellers were ubiquitous on London’s streets and as characters in high and low culture. This article contrasts the varied, sophisticated working life of mostly female hawkers with their sexualized representation in the multimedia genre of Cries. It connects these divergent stories to bigger narratives of socio-economic change in London, gender relations, and changing ways of imagining the emergent metropolis. While previous work focused on hawkers’ marginality and read the Cries uncritically, this article shows how humble food sellers kept the city fed, became symbolic of cultural change, and may have been affected by their representations.
Chemical Responses to the Biotic and Abiotic Environment by Early Diverging Metazoans Revealed in the Post-Genomic Age
Authors: Okamura Beth , Long Paul F , Mydlarz Laura D
Published: July 2019

For many years methodological constraints limited insights on the molecular biology of non-model organisms. However, the development of various sequencing platforms has led to an explosion of transcriptomic and genomic data on non-model systems. As a consequence the molecular drivers of organismal phenotypes are becoming clearer and the chemicals that animals use to detect and respond to their environments are increasingly being revealed—this latter area inspired our symposium theme. The papers in this volume broadly address this theme by their more specific focus in one of the following general areas: 1) sensory biology and the molecular basis of perception, 2) chemicals deployed to deal with the biotic and abiotic environment, and 3) chemical interactions along the parasite–mutualist continuum. Here we outline and synthesize the content of these papers—an exercise which demonstrates that sophisticated gene repertoires enable early diverging metazoans to encode many of the signaling, sensory, defensive, and offensive capacities typically associated with animals that have complex nervous systems. We then consider opportunities and associated challenges that may delay progress in comparative functional biochemistry, a reinvigorated field that can be expected to rapidly expand with new ’omics data. Future knowledge of chemical adaptations should afford new perspectives on the comparative evolution of chemical mediators.
Predictive analytics in health care: how can we know it works?
Authors: Van Calster Ben , Wynants Laure , Timmerman Dirk , Steyerberg Ewout W , Collins Gary S
Published: July 2019

There is increasing awareness that the methodology and findings of research should be transparent. This includes studies using artificial intelligence to develop predictive algorithms that make individualized diagnostic or prognostic risk predictions. We argue that it is paramount to make the algorithm behind any prediction publicly available. This allows independent external validation, assessment of performance heterogeneity across settings and over time, and algorithm refinement or updating. Online calculators and apps may aid uptake if accompanied with sufficient information. For algorithms based on “black box” machine learning methods, software for algorithm implementation is a must. Hiding algorithms for commercial exploitation is unethical, because there is no possibility to assess whether algorithms work as advertised or to monitor when and how algorithms are updated. Journals and funders should demand maximal transparency for publications on predictive algorithms, and clinical guidelines should only recommend publicly available algorithms.
Examining Refugee Integration: Perspective of Community Members
Authors: Weng Suzie S , Choi Shinwoo
Published: July 2019

The recent anti-immigrant sentiment portrayed through elections, policies, current events and media in the United States should be a concern for localities with regard to the wellbeing of refugees. This exploratory study was in response to the current climate in an attempt to capture how locals perceive refugees and what possible interventions locals believe are occurring to integrate refugees in the community. Semi-structured one-on-one interviews were conducted with 26 members of the community who currently live in the same location as their place of birth. Themes found include participant concerns, sympathy for refugees and community strategies for refugee integration. This study contributes to a more complex depiction of how some community members may perceive refugees in the current national climate of xenophobia, racism and/or nativism. Existing interventions identified by community members in this study indicate what may be working at the local level.
Data-driven estimates of global nitrous oxide emissions from croplands
Authors: Wang Qihui , Zhou Feng , Shang Ziyin , Ciais Philippe , Winiwarter Wilfried , Jackson Robert B , Tubiello Francesco N , Janssens-Maenhout Greet , Tian Hanqin , Cui Xiaoqing , Canadell Josep G , Piao Shilong , Tao Shu
Published: July 2019

Croplands are the single largest anthropogenic source of nitrous oxide (N2O) globally, yet their estimates remain difficult to verify when using Tier 1 and 3 methods of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Here, we re-evaluate global cropland-N2O emissions in 1961–2014, using N-rate-dependent emission factors (EFs) upscaled from 1206 field observations in 180 global distributed sites and high-resolution N inputs disaggregated from sub-national surveys covering 15593 administrative units. Our results confirm IPCC Tier 1 default EFs for upland crops in 1990–2014, but give a ∼15% lower EF in 1961–1989 and a ∼67% larger EF for paddy rice over the full period. Associated emissions (0.82 ± 0.34 Tg N yr–1) are probably one-quarter lower than IPCC Tier 1 global inventories but close to Tier 3 estimates. The use of survey-based gridded N-input data contributes 58% of this emission reduction, the rest being explained by the use of observation-based non-linear EFs. We conclude that upscaling N2O emissions from site-level observations to global croplands provides a new benchmark for constraining IPCC Tier 1 and 3 methods. The detailed spatial distribution of emission data is expected to inform advancement towards more realistic and effective mitigation pathways.
Evaluation of Safety and Effectiveness of Elvitegravir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide Switch Followed by Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir HCV Therapy in HIV–HCV Coinfection
Authors: Doyle Mary-Anne , Lee Terry , Singer Joel , Crawley Angela , Klein Marina , Cooper Curtis
Published: July 2019

Background

We conducted a pilot study assessing the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of a simplified combination HIV antiretroviral and hepatitis C virus (HCV) antiviral regimen in HIV–HCV coinfection.

Methods

Participants on suppressive antiretrovirals and HCV genotype 1 infection were switched to single-tablet daily-dosed elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (E/C/F/TAF) and 1 month later initiated single-tablet-regimen daily-dosed ledipasvir-sofosbuvir for 12 weeks. E/C/F/TAF was continued during HCV treatment and for 12 weeks after.

Results

Twenty-six individuals were screened, 25 enrolled, and 23 completed all HIV and HCV treatment. Participants were predominantly male, with a mean age (SD) of 55 (7.5) years. The median transient elastography score (interquartile range [IQR]) was 5.9 (5.3 to 7.6) kPa, and the mean CD4 count (SD) was 579 (223) cells/µL. The median adherence to HCV medications, assessed by pill count, was 100% (95% confidence interval [CI], 100%–100%), and HIV ranged from 99% to 100% (100%; 95% CI, 90%–100%) over the 7-month study duration. HIV undetectability was maintained in all but 1 participant enrolled with unsuspected multiclass resistance. Treatment was well tolerated, with no study medication modification due to adverse events and no serious adverse event related to the study drug. All participants achieved sustained virological response. The mean CD4 count (SD) increased to 673 (361) cells/µL, and the fibrosis score (IQR) declined to 5.2 (4.4 to 7.4) kPa by week 12 after HCV treatment. There was no treatment effect on glucose metabolism. Cholesterol increased during and after treatment.

Conclusions

Provision of this 2-tablet daily HIV–HCV regimen is feasible, well tolerated, and safe, avoids drug–drug interactions between HIV and HCV medications, maintains HIV suppression in the absence of drug resistance, and is highly curative of HCV.
Experiences of South Asian patients in early inflammatory arthritis clinic: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Kumar Kanta , Reehal Joti , Stack Rebecca J , Adebajo Ade , Adams Jo
Published: July 2019

Objective

The aim was to explore how UK South Asian patients living with RA interact with health care professionals and experience receiving health information in an early inflammatory arthritis clinic.

Methods

A semi-structured interview schedule, designed in conjunction with a patient partner, was used for face-to-face interviews. South Asian participants with RA were recruited from Central Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust. Data were recorded and transcribed by an independent company. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results

Fifteen participants were interviewed. Three predominant themes emerged around participants’ experiences and interaction with health care professionals in early inflammatory arthritis clinic. First, ‘the personal experiences of RA and cultural link to early inflammatory arthritis clinic’, where participants described the impact of RA as individuals and their altered roles within their cultural setting. Second, ‘experiences of interacting and receiving information in the early inflammatory arthritis clinic’, where participants described their limited engagement with health care professionals and the quality of information discussed in the clinic. Third, ‘views on future content for early inflammatory arthritis clinics’, where participants highlighted new innovative ideas to build on current practice.

Conclusion

We believe this to be the first study to generate insight into the experiences of South Asian patients of interacting with health care professionals while attending an early inflammatory arthritis clinic. Policy directives aimed at improving access to services and delivery of information for ethnic minority groups in early inflammatory arthritis clinics should include consideration of the different roles of cultures. Professionals should be cognizant of the factors that drive health inequalities and focus on improving service delivery.