bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Produção científica sobre psicoterapias na base de dados PePsic (1998/2007)
Authors: Pinto Fabiana Pessini , Santeiro Tales Vilela , Santeiro Fabíola Ribeiro de Moraes
Published: April 2011

Esta pesquisa objetiva analisar a produção científica publicada no período entre 1998 e 2007 sobre psicoterapia, considerando: distribuição das publicações ano a ano; periódicos; quantidade e sexo dos autores; tipos de pesquisa; enfoque teórico das produções; afiliação institucional dos autores e estratégias de avaliação psicológica utilizadas, material constituído de artigos publicados em periódicos científicos indexados à base de dados PePsic (N=117), obtido com o verbete "psicoterapia". A análise apresentada é quantitativa. Os autores das produções são do sexo feminino em sua maioria. Dos tipos de trabalhos analisados, houve predomínio de teóricos, seguidos por empíricos. Cinco dos periódicos possuem 50,5% da produção pesquisada. O enfoque teórico psicanalítico teve maior predominância, seguido do cognitivo e comportamental. A maior parte dos autores está afiliada a instituições brasileiras, as quais estão concentradas na região sudeste do país. Houve uma maior prevalência para o uso de entrevistas e escalas como estratégias de avaliação psicológica.
O cotidiano de usuários de CAPS: empoderamento ou captura?
Authors: Figueiró Rafael de Albuquerque , Dimenstein Magda
Published: April 2011

A reforma psiquiátrica tem investido na criação de serviços e qualificação técnica. Consideramos que a atenção técnica/especializada tem limitações para atender diversas demandas dos usuários e muitas formas de cuidado podem ser produzidas entre os mesmos. Este artigo discute a ajuda mútua e o empoderamento entre usuários de CAPS na perspectiva de ressaltar essa dimensão instituinte da reforma. Fazendo uso da entrevista e da observação participante percebemos que o modo de funcionamento e a gestão dos CAPS, bem como a concepção terapêutico-clínica da equipe, tendem a barrar as possibilidades de ajuda mútua entre os usuários, dificultando o empoderamento dos mesmos.
O desenho na expressão de sentimentos em crianças hospitalizadas
Authors: Silva Josianne Maria Mattos da
Published: April 2011

O artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre o atendimento psicológico à criança em situação de hospitalização. Aborda o desenho infantil como uma forma de expressão que facilita a comunicação das crianças com a equipe de saúde, principalmente quando as mesmas encontram-se no estágio pré-operacional do desenvolvimento infantil. O presente texto compreende o desenho como um instrumento projetivo que possibilita que a realidade interna da criança seja representada por meio de símbolos. Trabalhos nesta área ampliam as possibilidades de intervenções, contribuindo com aqueles que lidam com crianças em situação de hospitalização, favorecendo a percepção de novas maneiras de se lidar com estes pacientes.
O caminho dos cantos: morar e intersetorialidade na sáude mental
Authors: Venturini Ernesto
Published: April 2011

Na socialização ativa da saúde mental os serviços socio-sanitários procuram ativar a integração das instituições com as redes sociais e os profissionais estimulam a coesão social, sustentam as redes informais: o metodo do processo é a intersetorialidade. Nesta perspectiva os objetivos das residências terapêuticas ultrapassam a idéia tradicional da reabilitação: os usuários tornam-se gerentes responsáveis dos próprios projetos terapêuticos, exercitam um poder contratual. Mas as residências terapêuticas deveriam também produzir saúde para a comunidade, afirmando o papel dos cidadãos em promover saúde, agregando ênfase nos recursos das pessoas, mais do que nas insuficiências deles
Autoria e esquiva: pensamento, ética e subjetivação em Michel Foucault
Authors: Cunha Eduardo Leal
Published: April 2011

Este artigo se fundamenta nos argumentos de Richard Bernstein em defesa da postura crítica de Foucault, contextualizados a partir do debate com Habermas, para quem a teoria foucaultiana do poder se ressentiria da explicitação de seus fundamentos normativos. Procuramos indicar, baseados na conferência sobre a função do autor, de 1969, o modo como tal postura se materializa precisamente na recusa em assumir uma posição de enunciação vinculada à proclamação tanto da Verdade quanto do Bem. Tal recusa, aqui denominada esquiva, faz com que a crítica seja permanente e se constitua como entrelaçamento entre trabalho filosófico, problematização ética e formas de subjetivação
Caminhos bifurcantes na educação inclusiva: inclusões e rebeldias silenciosas na educação pública
Authors: Heckert Ana Lucia C , Andrade Ricardo Bodart de
Published: April 2011

Este artigo apresenta parte das reflexões efetuadas na pesquisa de mestrado "Políticas inclusivas no chão da escola: usinagens e rebeldias no front-dabatalha" realizada em duas escolas de um município situado na região norte do estado do Espírito Santo. Por meio de conversações buscou-se cartografar os processos de inclusão gestados nas práticas educacionais. Nosso temário geral foi a Educação Inclusiva, campo de intervenção usualmente associado à idéia de inclusão de pessoas com Necessidades Educacionais Especiais (NEE) no ensino regular. Abordamos o tema utilizando especialmente os instrumentos analíticos oferecidos por Michael Hardt e Toni Negri, e Michel Foucault acerca das práticas sociais, dos processos de inclusão e do biopoder. A pesquisa realizada apontou que os modos instituídos que tecem a Educação produzem o chamado fracasso escolar, invisibilizando recusas e inventividades. Apontou ainda, que modos de educar podem revolucionar processos de inclusão diferencial compondo alianças que fortaleçam essas vidas "marginais"
A imagem do hiato: Budapeste* e a fotografia
Authors: Tardivo Renato Cury
Published: April 2011

Este artigo propõe uma análise comparativa entre o romance Budapeste, de Chico Buarque, e a linguagem da fotografia. Inserido no âmbito interdisciplinar da psicologia da arte, vale-se de referenciais de crítica literária, estética, fenomenologia e psicanálise, a fim de analisar em que medida Budapeste e a fotografia correspondem-se. A partir da leitura do romance, levantamos algumas questões que, em seguida, procuramos problematizar e ampliar, articulando-as a elementos pertencentes à linguagem fotográfica. Tanto no romance analisado quanto na linguagem da fotografia, parece haver uma espécie de duplo movimento segundo o qual a realidade revela e é revelada
A ACP e a tomada de decisão em investimentos
Authors: Tomaselli Tatiana Renaux
Published: April 2011

As finanças comportamentais vêm mostrando divergências entre o comportamento do investidor e a teoria econômica. Este artigo apresenta uma forma de compreensão dos aspectos emocionais da decisão humana através da abordagem centrada na pessoa. Este enfoque mostra como decisões são tomadas de modos diferentes, com base no sentido que cada investidor atribui à realidade. O sentido varia de acordo com a percepção de cada um sobre sua experiência. Investidores com maior maturação psicológica tomam decisões mais assertivas e flexíveis, modificandoas com mais rapidez quando novos dados da realidade forem surgindo
Formar psicólogos: por quê? para quê?
Authors: Dantas Jurema Barros
Published: April 2011

Este artigo elucida duas questões centrais: a primeira se debruça sobre a necessidade em se formar psicólogos e a segunda procura entender o para que de tal formação, relacionando ambas às questões com nosso momento histórico, na tentativa de refletir sobre esta formação que, ainda hoje, se encontra por vezes atrelada somente à noção de especialista. Queremos discutir uma formação de profissionais que por vezes se configuram como meros reprodutores de conceitos e técnicas destituídos da História e, para isso, colocaremos em cena uma formação psi que, comprometida socialmente, prioriza o humano, reiterando no ato de viver o caráter pleno de luta política e o da afirmação de modos singulares de existir
A escolha do teste estatístico - um tutorial em forma de apresentação em PowerPoint
Authors: Normando David , Tjäderhane Leo , Quintão Cátia Cardoso Abdo
Published: April 2011

A seleção de métodos apropriados para a análise estatística pode parecer complexa, principalmente para estudantes de pós-graduação e pesquisadores no início da carreira científica. Por outro lado, a apresentação em PowerPoint é uma ferramenta comum para estudantes e pesquisadores. Assim, um tutorial de Bioestatística desenvolvido em uma apresentação em PowerPoint poderia estreitar a distância entre ortodontistas e a Bioestatística. Esse guia proporciona informações úteis e objetivas a respeito de vários métodos estatísticos empregando exemplos relacionados à Odontologia e, mais especificamente, à Ortodontia. Esse tutorial deve ser empregado, principalmente, para o usuário obter algumas respostas a questões comuns relacionadas ao teste mais apropriado para executar comparações entre grupos, examinar correlações e regressões ou analisar o erro do método. Também pode ser obtido auxílio para checar a distribuição dos dados (normal ou anormal) e a escolha do gráfico mais adequado para a apresentação dos resultados. Esse guia* pode ainda ser de bastante utilidade para revisores de periódicos examinarem, de forma rápida, a adequabilidade do método estatístico apresentado em um artigo submetido à publicação.
Simulação 3D de movimento ortodôntico
Authors: Penedo Norman Duque , Elias Carlos Nelson , Pacheco Maria Christina Thomé , Gouvêa Jayme Pereira de
Published: April 2011

OBJETIVO: desenvolver e validar, através do Método dos Elementos Finitos (MEF), um modelo numérico tridimensional (3D) de um incisivo central superior para simular o movimento dentário. MÉTODOS: esse modelo contempla a unidade dentária, o osso alveolar e o ligamento periodontal. Permite a simulação dos diferentes movimentos dentários e a determinação dos centros de rotação e de resistência. Limita o movimento ao espaço periodontal, registrando a direção, quantificando o deslocamento dentário e as tensões iniciais no ligamento periodontal. RESULTADOS: a análise dos deslocamentos dentários e das áreas que recebem tensões iniciais possibilita determinar os tipos de movimentos dentários. Com base nas forças ortodônticas, é possível quantificar a intensidade das tensões em cada região do dente, do ligamento periodontal ou do osso alveolar. Com base nas tensões axiais ao longo do ligamento periodontal e da tensão capilar, é possível predizer, teoricamente, as regiões em que deve ocorrer a remodelação óssea. CONCLUSÃO: o modelo foi validado pela determinação do módulo de elasticidade do ligamento periodontal de forma compatível com dados experimentais existentes na literatura. Os métodos utilizados na construção do modelo permitiram a criação de um modelo completo para uma arcada dentária, o qual possibilita realizar variadas simulações que envolvem a mecânica ortodôntica.
Ortodontia como fator de risco para disfunções temporomandibulares: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Machado Eduardo , Machado Patricia , Cunali Paulo Afonso , Grehs Renésio Armindo
Published: April 2011

INTRODUÇÃO: nos últimos anos, a inter-relação entre a Ortodontia e as disfunções temporomandibulares (DTMs) tem despertado interesse crescente na classe odontológica, sendo tema de discussões e controvérsias. Em um passado recente, a oclusão era considerada como principal fator etiológico das DTMs, sendo o tratamento ortodôntico uma medida terapêutica primária para um restabelecimento fisiológico do sistema estomatognático. Assim, passou-se a investigar o papel da Ortodontia na prevenção, desencadeamento e tratamento das DTMs. Com a realização de estudos científicos com metodologias mais rigorosas e precisas, a relação entre o tratamento ortodôntico e as DTMs pôde ser avaliada e questionada dentro de um contexto baseado em evidências científicas. OBJETIVO: o presente trabalho, através de uma revisão sistemática de literatura, teve como objetivo analisar a inter-relação entre a Ortodontia e as DTMs, verificando se o tratamento ortodôntico é fator contribuinte para o desenvolvimento de DTM. MÉTODOS: foi realizado um levantamento em bases de pesquisa (Medline, Cochrane, Embase, Pubmed, Lilacs e BBO) entre os anos de 1966 e 2009, com enfoque em estudos clínicos randomizados, estudos longitudinais prospectivos não randomizados, revisões sistemáticas e meta-análises. RESULTADOS: após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão, chegou-se a 18 artigos, sendo que 12 eram estudos longitudinais prospectivos não randomizados, 4 revisões sistemáticas, 1 estudo clínico randomizado e uma meta-análise, os quais avaliaram a relação entre tratamento ortodôntico e DTM. CONCLUSÕES: pela análise da literatura, conclui-se que o tratamento ortodôntico não pode ser considerado fator contribuinte para o desenvolvimento de disfunções temporomandibulares.
Avaliação do nível de satisfação de pacientes em tratamento ortodôntico em relação à atuação do ortodontista
Authors: Carneiro Claudia Beleski , Moresca Ricardo , Petrelli Nicolau Eros
Published: April 2011

OBJETIVO: devido à crescente preocupação dos profissionais em adquirir novos pacientes e mantê-los satisfeitos com o tratamento, o presente estudo tem por objetivo avaliar o nível de satisfação de pacientes em tratamento ortodôntico em relação à atuação do ortodontista. MÉTODOS: foram avaliados 60 questionários preenchidos por pacientes em tratamento ortodôntico com profissionais especialistas em Ortodontia, da cidade de Curitiba-PR. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: o grupo 1 compreendia 30 pacientes que se consideravam insatisfeitos e se transferiram de profissional nos últimos 12 meses; os 30 pacientes participantes do grupo 2 consideravam-se satisfeitos e estavam em tratamento ortodôntico com o mesmo profissional há pelo menos 12 meses. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: após a realização da análise estatística pelo teste qui-quadrado, foi possível concluir que os fatores estatisticamente relacionados com o nível de satisfação dos pacientes avaliados, considerando a atuação do ortodontista, foram: titulação, recomendação do profissional, motivação, classificação técnica, interação profissional/paciente, e relacionamento pessoal com o paciente. Na avaliação do tratamento ortodôntico, os fatores que determinaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas no nível de satisfação dos pacientes foram: quantidade de pacientes atendidos simultaneamente e integração do paciente durante as consultas
Indicadores de qualidade de vida e sua importância na Ortodontia
Authors: Feu Daniela , Quintão Cátia Cardoso Abdo , Miguel José Augusto Mendes
Published: April 2011

OBJETIVOS: o objetivo desse estudo foi buscar na literatura informações consistentes sobre a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal, permitindo aos clínicos acessar e compreender sua influência no processo de busca e tratamento de seus pacientes. MÉTODOS: foram pesquisadas as bases de dados eletrônicas MEDLINE, LILACS, BBO e Cochrane Controlled Trials, entre 1980 e 2010. Foram encontrados 158 estudos que discutiam a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal. RESULTADOS: foram selecionados 30 estudos, sendo dois prospectivos longitudinais, duas revisões sistemáticas, cinco casos-controle, doze estudos epidemiológicos, cinco estudos transversais e três revisões de literatura, além da declaração da Organização Mundial da Saúde. A seleção baseou-se no objetivo de descrever os indicadores de qualidade de vida, e na metodologia utilizada nos estudos. CONCLUSÕES: o uso de indicadores de qualidade de vida na pesquisa odontológica e na clínica ortodôntica é de grande importância e auxílio no diagnóstico e planejamento; todavia, esses não substituem os índices normativos, devendo ser usados em caráter complementar
Bearing resistance of reinforced soil–aggregate systems
Authors: Nair Asha M , Madhavi Latha G.
Published: April 2011

This paper presents the results of laboratory California bearing ratio tests carried out on compacted unreinforced and reinforced soil–aggregate systems. The soil used in these tests is clay of low plasticity and the tests were conducted in the standard California bearing ratio mould. For reinforced soil–aggregate systems, layers of geosynthetics were introduced at the interface of the soil and aggregate layers and sometimes within the aggregate layer also. The various geosynthetics used in these tests were a geotextile, a biaxial geogrid and a geonet. The water content used during compaction was varied in different tests to study the effect of the water content and the unit weight of the soil on the bearing resistance of the reinforced soil–aggregates. The effect of the quantity of reinforcement and the form of reinforcement was also studied. As expected, the bearing resistance of soil–aggregate systems is improved with an increase in quantity or the stiffness of the reinforcement. It is observed that with an increase in water content, the reinforcement becomes more effective in improving the bearing resistance of the soil–aggregate systems. Furthermore, geosynthetics in the form of geocells are found to be more effective compared to planar layers because of the confinement effect.
Performance of stone columns with circumferential nails
Authors: Nayak Sitaram , Shivashankar Ramaiah , Dheerendra Babu Madhalam Ramanaidu
Published: April 2011

Stone columns are often used as an effective technique for improving the performance of soft ground. Stone columns derive their load-carrying capacity due to lateral confinement from the surrounding soil. Very soft soils offer very low lateral confinement, leading to large settlements and low load-carrying capacities. In this paper, an alternative method of enhancing the performance of stone columns in soft soils by reinforcing the stone columns with circumferential nails driven vertically is suggested. The method was developed in laboratory-scale model tests and a series of plate load tests were performed in unit cell tanks to investigate the performance of stone columns reinforced with circumferential nails. The investigation was carried out by varying the depth of nails below ground level, the number of nails and the diameter of nails with different diameter stone columns and area ratios (or spacing). It was found that the circumferentially reinforced stone columns have much higher load-carrying capacity with a significant reduction in settlement and less lateral bulging in comparison with plain stone columns.
Compressibility behaviour of preloaded highly plastic clays
Authors: Bindu J. , Vinod P.
Published: April 2011

Preloading is a proven technique for improving the shear strength and reducing the compressibility of clays. This paper presents the results of laboratory oedometer tests, undertaken to explore in detail the changes in compressibility characteristics of a remoulded, highly plastic organic marine clay upon preloading. The test results indicate that the application of preload pressure as small as one-sixteenth of the footing pressure would cause a reduction in post-construction settlement by about 40%. Using the findings of the present study, a mathematical model was developed to predict the magnitude of preload pressure to be applied to achieve a specific reduction in consolidation settlement such that the residual settlement would be within acceptable performance limits. Experimental results also suggest that the relationship between the deformation (expressed as a percentage of soil thickness) and the applied pressure for preloaded highly plastic clays could be treated as a rectangular hyperbola and hence the behaviour could be characterised by a two-parameter model that was dependent on the magnitude of the preload pressure. Expressions were also developed for the satisfactory prediction of these parameters to calculate the post-construction settlements.
Deep soft soil improvement by alkaline activation
Authors: Cristelo Nuno , Glendinning Stephanie , Teixeira Pinto Amândio
Published: April 2011

This research studied the use of alkaline activation of fly ash, as a silica and alumina amorphous source, to improve soft soils. A laboratory programme – including tests to study strength and deformability development, alternative curing methods, the effect of the different components of the grout, effect of raising initial temperature and comparison with a cement grout – was carried out. Laboratory tests revealed that the use of fly ash and alkaline activator resulted in a soil strength improvement up to 11·4, 16·7 and 43·4 MPa, at 28, 90 and 365 days curing, respectively. The most effective combinations obtained in the laboratory were chosen for the field application with jet grouting. The grout performed adequately to pass standard engineering specifications for soil mixing, achieving up to 26·4 MPa at 90 days curing. The main conclusion is the potential of alkaline activation for soil improvement, and therefore this research has created a basis for further studies.
Lessons for a viable water recycling industry
Authors: Chanan Amit Prempal , Vigneswaran Saravanamuth , Kandasamy Jaya , Simmons Bruce
Published: April 2011

The platform on which the Labour government came to power in Australia in November 2007 included a policy of setting a national wastewater recycling target of 30% by the year 2015. A similar target-based approach was followed by the solid waste recycling industry in Australia the policy of which focused on supply and did not adequately acknowledge the price competitiveness of the product and its demand. This paper highlights the lessons from the solid waste recycling industry and applies them to the water recycling sector. A sound water pricing regime that reflects the true costs of water and a competitive water industry is offered as a better policy alternative to setting recycling targets.
Well rehabilitation in Rasht: a system dynamics approach
Authors: Vaez Tehrani Mahsa , Alikhani Leila , Ameriun Mohamad Saeed , Tashayoi Hamid Reza
Published: April 2011

Deep and semi-deep wells are one of the main sources of drinking water. Poor performance of well discharges is partly due to clogged holes, which requires rehabilitation of wells instead of well digging. Rehabilitation of well systems by chemical and mechanical methods is normally practised by a systemic approach that lacks integration and which has not led to any considerable improvement. The involvement of so many time-dependent components in well rehabilitation and their interactive complex relation with system performance requires a system dynamics approach. Such an approach is presented here. A conceptual model for well rehabilitation is developed considering appropriate archetypes and basic parameters affecting system utility and relevant causal loops. The Iranian city of Rasht has limited resources. The quantity of surface and groundwater resources and their supply potential for domestic use in Rasht have deteriorated due to urban development and water quality problems. Increases in population and water demand and limited investments have placed significant pressure on authorities and infrastructures in the provision of water. The use of groundwater resources must therefore be managed especially well. This work uses dynamic simulation software to model Rasht water well rehabilitation in order to determine the best economic choice. The model also considers the effects of management scenarios for different methods of rehabilitation.
Hydraulic performance of labyrinth side weirs using vanes or piles
Authors: Kabiri-Samani Abdorreza , Borghei Seyed Mahmood , Esmaili Hojat
Published: April 2011

In the present study, methods for improving the hydraulic performance of labyrinth side weirs in a rectangular channel are reported based on model experimentation. For this purpose different arrangements and configurations of groups of guide vane plates and piles in the side weir flow field were tested. Experiments were conducted on labyrinth side weirs of different lengths and sill heights fitted in the test section of a rectangular glass-walled channel. Depths of flow were measured in both longitudinal and crosswise directions at regular intervals and their profiles were studied. It was found that the discharge coefficient of the labyrinth side weirs under these conditions gave considerably higher values compared with that of classical simple labyrinth side weirs. Presented in the form of graphs and simplified equations, these new methods enable the designers to improve the hydraulic performance of a given labyrinth side weir. Useful guidance on the layout and construction of vanes and piles across the labyrinth side weir is illustrated and detailed information is given for proper design of these tools. Finally, reliable equations for the discharge coefficient of labyrinth side weirs with regard to the influential parameters of the guide vane plates and piles are presented. The derived expressions are in good agreement with the experimental results.
A new formula to calculate residence times of tidal waterbodies
Authors: Hartnett Michael , Dabrowski Tomasz , Olbert Agnieszka I.
Published: April 2011

Flushing is a property of each coastal waterbody and is most often described by a timescale characteristic. A number of techniques have been developed to estimate residence times, but some are overly simplistic and not very accurate, while others are difficult to apply due to data requirements. The main objective of this study is the development of a simplified formula relating flushing characteristics to physical properties of tidally flushed estuaries. Numerical models of several dissimilar estuaries were developed and the modelling results were then used to compute average residence times for the waterbodies. Stepwise linear regression was applied to develop relationships between basic physical properties of the estuaries and the computed average residence times. For tidally flushed estuaries, analysis shows that a statistically high correlation exists between average residence times and combined physical properties of the waterbodies. This paper also compares a newly developed residence time formula with other widely used methods. The new method predicts more accurate estimates of average residence times than the tidal prism models frequently used by researchers. It also compares favourably with complex methods such as the jet–sink circulation model and a method based on salinity.
Practical Implications of Nanodosimetry in Medicine
Authors: Satti Jahangir A.
Published: April 2011

The grandiose promises made decades ago of cost reduction, miracle cures for cancers and universal availability of nanomedicine are still a far cry. Even we do not have any viable model to exploit nanotechnology in medicine. The most important arena of the nanotechnology is the development of nanoscale drugs for routine clinical practice. The current chemo protocols are based on maximum tolerable dose philosophy. Such a dose, when translated into active nanoscale clusters, quantitatively outnumbers the cells in an average human body. These nanoscale drug issues are discussed in this paper. A theoretical framework for commonly used drug aspirin has been considered as an example. The possible quantum physical effects have also been theoretically evaluated. Further, the amount of drug molecules in a standardized aspirin dose of 100 milligram has been computed into nanoclusters. The calculations show that the processing of nanoscale drug is a monumental task which requires new types of manufacturing facilities. Also there is a need to develop new protocols which will help realize the practical implementation of nanodosimetry in day to day drug administrations. These protocols will need to examine the implications of dose-responses such as necrosis, apoptosis and hormesis in medicine for routine clinical practice.
TWO-PARAMETER NONLINEAR OSCILLATIONS: THE NEUMANN PROBLEM
Authors: Gritsans Armands , Sadyrbaev Felix
Published: April 2011

Boundary value problems of the form are considered, where In our considerations functions f and g are generally nonlinear. We give a description of a solution set of the problem (i), (ii). It consist of all triples () such that (λ,μ,x(t)) nontrivially ′solves the problem(i),(ii) and |x (z)| = α at zero points z of the function x(t) (iii). We show that this solution set is a union of solution surfaces which are centro-affine equivalent. Each solution surface is associated with nontrivial solutions with definite nodal type. Properties of solution surfaces are studied. It is shown, in particular, that solution surface associated with solutions with exactly i zeroes in the interval (a,b) is centro-affne equivalent to a solution surface of the Dirichlet problem (i), x(a) = 0 = x(b), (iii) corresponding to solutions with odd number of zeros 2j − 1 (i ≠ 2j)in the interval (a,b).
JOINT WEIGHTED LIMIT THEOREMS FOR GENERAL DIRICHLET SERIES
Authors: Genys Jonas , Laurinčikas Antanas
Published: April 2011

In the paper,two joint weighted limit theorems in the sense of weak convergence of probability measures on the complex plane for general Dirichlet series are obtained. The first of them gives only the existence of the limit measure, while in the second theorem,under some additional hypothesis on the weight function, the explicit form of the limit measure is presented. Namely, the limit measure coincides with the distribution of some random element related to considered Dirichlet series.
ON SOME FUČÍK TYPE PROBLEM WITH CUBIC NONLINEARITY
Authors: Sergejeva N.
Published: April 2011

We study the second order Fučík type problem with cubic nonlinearity and construct the Fučík spectrum for this problem. The spectrum obtained under normalization condition (otherwise problem may have continuous spectra) structurally is similar to Fučík spectra for the problem with the same boundary conditions.
ON SOME FUČÍK TYPE PROBLEM WITH CUBIC NONLINEARITY ADI APPROACH TO THE PARTICLE DIFFUSION PROBLEM IN MAGNETIC FLUIDS
Authors: Polevikov V. , Tobiska L.
Published: April 2011

The present study is devoted to the development of an ADI approach to simulate two-dimensional time-dependent diffusion process of ferromagnetic particles in magnetic fluids. Specific features of the problem are the Neumann boundary conditions. We construct an ADI scheme of formally second order accuracy approximation in time and space. It is proved that the scheme is absolutely stable and it has the accuracy in the energy norm of the second order in time and the order 3/2 in space. The numerical results of a test problem indicate that the convergence rate in space is of the second order as well.
QUESTIONS AROUND THE NONTRIVIAL ZEROS OF THE RIEMANN ZETA-FUNCTION. COMPUTATIONS AND CLASSIFICATIONS
Authors: Garunkštis Ramūnas , Steuding Joern
Published: April 2011

We study the sequence of nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta-function with respect to sequences of zeros of other related functions, namely, the Hurwitz zeta-function and the derivative of Riemann's zeta-function. Finally, we investigate connections of the nontrivial zeros with the periodic zeta-function. On the basis of computation we derive several classifications of the nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta-function and stateproblems which mightbe ofinterestfor abetter understanding of the distribution of those zeros.
NORDSIECK METHODS WITH INHERENT QUADRATIC STABILITY
Authors: Braś M.
Published: April 2011

We derive suffcient conditions which guarantee that the stability polynomial of Nordsieck method for ordinary differential equations has only two nonzero roots. Examples of such methods up to order four are presented which are A-and L-stable. These examples were obtained by computer search using the Schurcriterion applied to the quadratic factor of the resulting stability polynomials.
UNANNOUNCED INTERIM INSPECTIONS: DO FALSE ALARMS MATTER?
Authors: Avenhaus Rudolf , Krieger Thomas
Published: April 2011

Unannounced Interim Inspections (UIIs) in nuclear facilities of the European Union have recently attracted major attention by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and by European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM)in the context of the IAEA/EURATOM Partnership Approach. Therefore, a research project had been organized by the Joint Research Centre in Ispra in collaboration with the Universität der Bundeswehr München in the framework of which the assumptions have been classified which are necessary for a quantitative analysis and a few variants have been studied in detail. In that project only so-called Attribute Sampling Procedures were considered which means that only errors of the second kind (no detection of the illegal activity), but not those of the first kind (false alarms), where taken into account. It was the purpose of the work presented here to investigate the impact of errors of the first kind on UIIs which may occur if so-called Variable Sampling Procedures are used. Two kinds of planning UIIs are considered: in the sequential one both players, the inspector and the operator of the facility, decide step by step to inspect resp. to start the illegal activity – if there is one. In the hybrid-sequential one the inspector decides at the beginning of the reference time interval where to place his UIIs, whereas the operator acts again sequentially. For two UIIs during the reference time interval equilibria are determined, which generalize the results of the above mentioned research project. It turns out that in both cases, the sequential and hybrid-sequential one, the equilibrium strategies of the inspector and the equilibrium payoffs to both players are the same, but not the equilibrium strategies of the operator. We try to present a plausible explanation for this surprising result.
MAXIMUM PRINCIPLE AND THE FOURTH ORDER BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM
Authors: Yermachenko Inara
Published: April 2011

This paper is devoted to the study the nonlinear boundary value problem . We state a maximum principle related with the operator and apply it to prove the existence and approximation of solutions to the problem (i), (ii), in presence of properly ordered lower and upper functions.
PRODUCT INTEGRATION FOR WEAKLY SINGULAR INTEGRO-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Authors: Pedas Arvet , Tamme Enn
Published: April 2011

On the basis of product integration techniques a discrete version of a piecewise polynomial collocation method for the numerical solution of initial or boundary value problems of linear Fredholm integro-differential equations with weakly singular kernels is constructed. Using an integral equation reformulation and special graded grids, optimal global convergence estimates are derived. For special values of parameters an improvement of the convergence rate of elaborated numerical schemes is established. Presented numerical examples display that theoretical results are in good accordance with actual convergence rates of proposed algorithms.
Transfer on hydrophobic substrates and AFM imaging of membrane proteins reconstituted in planar lipid bilayers
Authors: Seantier Bastien , Dezi Manuela , Gubellini Francesca , Berquand Alexandre , Godefroy Cédric , Dosset Patrice , Lévy Daniel , Milhiet Pierre‐Emmanuel
Published: April 2011

The lipid‐layer technique allows reconstituting transmembrane proteins at a high density in microns size planar membranes and suspended to a lipid monolayer at the air/water interface. In this paper, we transferred these membranes onto two hydrophobic substrates for further structural analysis of reconstituted proteins by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). We used a mica sheet covered by a lipid monolayer or a sheet of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) to trap the lipid monolayer at the interface and the suspended membranes. In both cases, we succeeded in the transfer of large membrane patches containing densely packed or 2D‐crystallized proteins. As a proof of concept, we transferred and imaged the soluble Shiga toxin bound to its lipid ligand and the ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporter BmrA reconstituted into a planar bilayer. AFM imaging with a lateral resolution in the nanometer range was achieved. Potential applications of this technique in structural biology and nanobiotechnology are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rhodopsin is spatially heterogeneously distributed in rod outer segment disk membranes
Authors: Buzhynskyy Nikolay , Salesse Christian , Scheuring Simon
Published: April 2011

The visual photoreception takes place in the retina, where specialized rod and cone photoreceptor cells are located. The rod outer segments contain a stack of 500–2,000 sealed membrane disks. Rhodopsin is the visual pigment located in rod outer segment disks, it is a member of the G‐protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, an important group of membrane proteins responsible for the majority of physiological responses to stimuli such as light, hormones, peptides, etc. Alongside rhodopsin, peripherin/Rom proteins located in the disk rims are thought to be responsible for disk morphology. Here we describe the supramolecular structure of rod outer segment disk membranes and the spatial organization of rhodopsin and peripherin/Rom molecules. Using atomic force microscopy operated in physiological buffer solution, we found that rhodopsin is loosely packed in the central region of the disks, in average about 26 000 molecules covering approximately one third of the disk surface. Peripherin/Rom proteins form dense assemblies in the rim region. A protein‐free lipid bilayer girdle separates the rhodopsin and peripherin/Rom domains. The described supramolecular assembly of rhodospin, peripherin/Rom and lipids in native rod outer segment disks is consistent with the functional requirements of photoreception. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AFM imaging of extracellular polymer release by marine diatom Cylindrotheca closterium (Ehrenberg) Reiman & J.C. Lewin
Authors: Pletikapić Galja , Radić Tea Mišić , Zimmermann Amela Hozić , Svetličić Vesna , Pfannkuchen Martin , Marić Daniela , Godrijan Jelena , Žutić Vera
Published: April 2011

Extracellular polysaccharide production by marine diatoms is a significant route by which photosynthetically produced organic carbon enters the trophic web and may influence the physical environment in the sea. This study highlights the capacity of atomic force microscopy (AFM) for investigating diatom extracellular polysaccharides with a subnanometer resolution. Here we address a ubiquitous marine diatom Cylindrotheca closterium, isolated from the northern Adriatic Sea, and its extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) at a single cell level. We applied a simple procedure for AFM imaging of diatom cells on mica under ambient conditions (in air) to achieve visualization of their EPS with molecular resolution. The EPS represents a web of polysaccharide fibrils with two types of cross‐linking: fibrils association forming junction zones and fibril–globule interconnections with globules connecting two or more fibrils. The fibril heights were 0.4–2.6 nm while globules height was in the range of 3–12 nm. Polymer networks of native gel samples from the Northern Adriatic and the network formed by polysaccharides extracted from the C. closterium culture share the same features regarding the fibril heights, pore openings and the mode of fibril association, proving that the macroscopic gel phase in the Northern Adriatic can be formed directly by the self‐assembly of diatom released polysaccharide fibrils. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assembly of collagen fibril meshes using gold nanoparticles functionalized with tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine‐alanine as multivalent cross‐linking agents
Authors: Graham John S. , Miron Yannick , Grandbois Michel
Published: April 2011

We report on the use of tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine‐alanine (THPAL) functionalized gold nanoparticles as a multivalent cross‐linking agent to assemble collagen fibrils into a mesh‐like structure. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used for characterization of the structure after adsorption onto an atomically flat mica substrate, revealing a mesh‐like construct in which the collagen fibrils and the gold nanoparticles interact to form interconnected nodes measuring from 100 to 500 nm. As expected, the density of the collagen mesh can be increased with a higher initial concentration of gold nanoparticles. The maximum thickness of the meshes (∼20 nm) obtained through cross‐sectional height measurements confirms that the adsorbed structure consists of a single layer of collagen fibrils/gold nanoparticles assembled in two‐dimensions. We propose that the capability of gold nanoparticles functionalized with the THPAL to bind to several collagen fibrils combined with the large persistence length of the fibrils, which was reported to be in the hundreds of nanometer range, are determinant factors for the preferential 2D growth of the mesh in solution. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of risk factors for hyperbilirubinemia occurring after hepatectomy
Authors: Fukumori Daisuke , Kamiyama Toshiya , Nakanishi Kazuaki , Yokoo Hideki , Tahara Munenori , Kamachi Hirofumi , Matsushita Michiaki , Todo Satoru
Published: April 2011

Background

To further improve the outcomes of liver resection, it is important to identify and prevent the causes of the hyperbilirubinemia occurring after hepatectomy and postoperative liver failure.

Methods

Between 2004 and 2009, 591 consecutive patients underwent a hepatectomy at our center. Twenty‐two patients who developed hyperbilirubinemia (postoperative total bilirubin over 5 mg/dL) after hepatectomy were classified as Hi‐Bi group and another 569 whose total bilirubin did not increase beyond 5 mg/dL were classified as non‐Hi‐Bi group.

Results

A preoperative prothrombin test of less than 80% and a blood loss of more than 1000 mL were identified as independent risk factors for the Hi‐Bi group by multivariate analysis. The hyperbilirubinemia of 16 cases improved, while that of 6 cases was prolonged. One of these patients died of liver failure without responding to treatment. The mortality rate for postoperative liver failure in this study was 0.16% (1/591).

Conclusion

It is important to reduce the length of surgery and intraoperative blood loss to prevent hyperbilirubinemia after hepatectomy. Additionally, decision‐making using our algorithm and full examination of the accurate evaluation results, including those for prothrombin time, residual liver function and liver damage, can help reduce the development of hyperbilirubinemia.
Development of Mamestra brassicae and its solitary endoparasitoid Microplitis mediator on two populations of the invasive weed Bunias orientalis
Authors: Harvey Jeffrey A. , Gols Rieta
Published: April 2011

The warty cabbage Bunias orientalis is an invasive pest in much of central Europe, including much of Germany since the 1980s, whereas in other countries, such as The Netherlands, it is a less common exotic species. Here, healthy larvae of Mamestra brassicae, which has been found feeding on B. orientalis plants in Germany, and larvae parasitized by one of its major larval endoparasitoids Microplitis mediator, were reared on both herbivore‐induced and noninduced leaves of B. orientalis originating from single large populations growing in The Netherlands and central Germany. Herbivore performance was less negatively affected than parasitoid performance by differences in plant quality. Development times in both M. brassicae and Mi. mediator were shorter on Dutch than German plants and also shorter on noninduced than induced plants. Moreover, survival and body size of the parasitoid was more strongly affected by plant population and induction than survival of healthy M. brassicae. Chemical analyses of defensive secondary metabolites [glucosinolates (GS)] revealed that concentrations of the major GS sinalbin were constitutively expressed in German plants whereas they were induced in Dutch plants. However, in separate feeding bioassays in which preference for induced and noninduced leaves was compared separately, L3 instars of M. brassicae preferred noninduced German plants over Dutch plants but induced Dutch plants over German plants, revealing that changes in primary metabolites or an unidentified non‐GS compound mediates population‐related differences in plant quality. The results reveal asymmetric effects of plant quality in exotic plants on organisms in the second and third trophic level.
Entwicklung des Gedächtnisses bei Säuglingen und Kleinkindern
Authors: Knopf Monika , Goertz Claudia , Kolling Thorsten
Published: April 2011

Zusammenfassung. In diesem Forschungsüberblick geht es um die Ontogenese des impliziten und expliziten Gedächtnisses im Säuglings- und Kleinkindalter. Die meisten Säuglingsforscher kommen dabei zu dem Ergebnis, dass das implizite Gedächtnis in den ersten Lebenswochen, wenn nicht sogar in den ersten Lebenstagen, seine Arbeit aufnimmt, während explizite Gedächtnisleistungen erst in der zweiten Hälfte des ersten Lebensjahres nachweisbar sind. Es gibt zudem eine Reihe von Überlegungen, wonach die expliziten Gedächtnisleistungen zunächst allgemeines Wissen widerspiegeln, so dass es sich um Leistungen des semantischen Gedächtnisses handelt. Episodische Gedächtnisleistungen nach Tulving (2001) , also das Erinnern eigenen, vergangenen Erlebens (mentale Zeitreise) sind an die Entwicklung einer Reihe von Bedingungen geknüpft (z.B. Selbstentwicklung, Entwicklung multipler Repräsentationen). Aufgrund dieser Voraussetzungen wird episodisches Gedächtnis erst gegen Ende des zweiten Lebensjahrs möglich.
Methodische Herausforderungen in der Kulturvergleichenden Säuglingsforschung
Authors: Lamm Bettina , Keller Heidi
Published: April 2011

Zusammenfassung. Menschliche Entwicklung vollzieht sich in der Interaktion von Biologie und Kultur. Deshalb müssen die jeweiligen öko-kulturellen Kontextbedingungen bei der Untersuchung von Entwicklung berücksichtigt werden. Untersuchungen in verschiedenen öko-kulturellen Kontexten stellen jedoch große Anforderungen an die verwendeten Untersuchungsmethoden. In dem vorliegenden Überblicksartikel werden diese methodischen Herausforderungen dargestellt und anhand von empirischen Beispielen aus dem Bereich der Kulturvergleichenden Forschung zur Lern- und Gedächtnisentwicklung von Säuglingen verdeutlicht. Die Beispiele beziehen sich auf das Habituationsparadigma, die Mobile-Aufgabe (mobile conjugate reinforcement task) sowie die A-nicht-B-Suchaufgabe. Lösungsmöglichkeiten werden entwickelt und mögliche Forschungsstrategien diskutiert.
Imitationsfähigkeit von Kleinkindern in den ersten beiden Lebensjahren
Authors: Damm Franziska , Petermann Franz , Petermann Ulrike
Published: April 2011

Zusammenfassung. Die Imitation repräsentiert eine wichtige kognitive und sozial-kognitive Fähigkeit in der frühen Kindheit. In den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten konzentrierte sich die Kleinkindforschung hauptsächlich auf die Untersuchung der verzögerten Imitation als nonverbales deklaratives Gedächtnismaß und der Imitation im Zusammenhang mit dem Intentionsverständnis. Ergebnisse von Längsschnittstudien zeigen zudem, dass individuelle Unterschiede in der verzögerten Imitationsleistung mit weiteren kognitiven, aber auch mit sprachlichen und sozialen Fertigkeiten assoziiert sind. Studien, die neue Präsentationsmedien (z.B. Videopräsentationen) nutzen, konnten bisherige Ergebnisse zu zugrunde liegenden kognitiven Prozessen bestätigen. Darüber hinaus erweitern sie unseren Kenntnisstand über die Bedeutung der sozialen Interaktion für das Imitationslernen. Für zukünftige Forschungsarbeiten zu diesem Thema ergibt sich, dass aufgrund der engen Beziehung zwischen dem Imitationsverhalten und anderen Fertigkeiten umfassendere Längsschnittstudien erforderlich sind, die individuelle Merkmale des Kindes, aber auch Merkmale seiner sozialen Umgebung in der Analyse der Imitation stärker berücksichtigen.