bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The non-alcoholic fruit beverage market through patent prospecting
Authors: Moura Italo Emmanoel Mesquita Oliveira de , Silva Elaine Aparecida da , Neto José Machado Moita
Published: October 2024

Non-alcoholic fruit beverages hold significant importance in the fruit processing chain. This article aimed to conduct a technological prospective study, through patents, in this specific beverage area. Patents were searched in the online databases of INPI (Brazil) and EPO (Europe), using keywords, the internation classification number, and filing dates. A total of 80 patents were retrieved, excluding duplicates and out of scope ones. The year 2020 witnessed the highest number of filings, followed by a decrease in subsequent years. Japan held 46% of the patents considered in this study, while Brazil accounted for 26%. Overall, the primary filers are from the industry, while 48% of Brazilian patents had educational and research institutions as filers. Lemon, orange, and grapefruit were the most cited fruits in the analyzed documents, indicating a wide participation of tropical fruits in beverage production. Despite Brazil being one of the world's largest fruit producers, Japan leads in innovations related to fruit beverages. Brazil needs to improve its innovation ecosystem to encourage domestic companies, achieve greater competitiveness in international trade, and add higher value to its traded goods.
Let's Talk About Grief: Building a Theoretical Framework for Grief Counseling with Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Felizardo Cristina , Santos Paula , Cerqueira Margarida
Published: October 2024

Grief is a universal life experience characterized by the loss of an affective bond, leading to Normal Grief responses. Grief Counseling is a specialized therapeutic intervention aimed at facilitating adaptation to the new reality and preventing complications from prolonged grief. A systematic literature review was conducted to inform the development of a curricular program for training in Grief Counseling in the Portuguese context. From Research Summit 2022.
Biological and geographical data of Coelositona cinerascens (Fåhraeus, 1840) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)
Authors: Gözüaçik Celalettin , Velázquez De Castro Antonio J.
Published: October 2024

New data on the biology, geographical distribution, host plants, and one adult parasitoid of Coelositona cinerascens (Fåhraeus, 1840) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) are reported. The studies were conducted in the open field between 2019 and 2023 in the provinces of Agri, Igdir, and Kars, located on the southern Caucasus border of Turkey, as well as in laboratory conditions. The studies concluded that C. cinerascens is active during spring (April, May, June) and autumn (September, October, November), while it goes through a passive period during summer (July-August) and winter (December-March), and produces one generation per year. The laboratoryreared adults fed on plant species of the Loteae and Trifolieae tribes. Furthermore, Microctonus aethiopoides Loan, 1975 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) was identified for the first time as an adult parasitoid of C. cinerascens. A new locality is reported in the southern Caucasus border of Turkey.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ДИАТОМИТА НА МИКРОБНЫЕ ЭКОСИСТЕМЫ ПОЧВЕННЫХ СТРУКТУР
Authors: А.Н. БАЙЗАК  , С.Ф. СЕМЕНИХИНА
Published: October 2024

В данной статье рассматривается практическая значимость диатомита как естественного удобрителя и оздоровителя почвенных структур посредством его влияния на микробные сообщества, обитающие в них. Так, из-за стабильно ухудшающейся экологической ситуации во всём мире, состояние земельных покровов претерпевает негативные изменения вследствие неконтролируемого антропогенного воздействия, накапливая в себе продукты переработки нефтегазовой промышленности, отходов легкой и тяжелой промышленности, а также фильтруя собою все элементы сточных вод. Для решения рассматриваемой проблемы предлагается применять наиболее доступные и экологически выгодные методы биоремедиации почв, в частности, с использованием кизельгура и подобных ему минеральных соединений. Данные ископаемые материалы являются хорошими адсорбентами, способными также насыщать почву определенными микроэлементами и питательными веществами, что может привести к увеличению полезной микрофлоры – азотфиксирующих, сульфитредуцирующих бактерий, актиномицетов, и к угнетению развития нежелательной микрофлоры – патогенных и условно-патогенных микроскопических грибов, фитопатогенных вирусов и бактерий. Научная статья ставит перед собой задачу теоретического исследования вопросов взаимодействия микроорганизмов внутри почвенной экосистемы: их симбиоз и синергию, антагонистическое воздействие, влияние на растительный мир, а также место диатомита в рассматриваемых процессах. Результатом проделанной работы стало теоретические обоснования развития отрасли переработки и добычи диатомита в целях его применения в качестве композитного материала, способного к биоремедиации почв.
РИТОРИЧЕСКИЙ ИДЕАЛ В ПОЭЗИИ ЖЫРАУ. КОНЦЕПТ «МУДРОСТЬ» И МИРОПОВЕДЕНИЕ.
Authors: Э. Т. ИДРИСОВА  , А.М. ЕСЕНТЕМИРОВА  , А.Е. АБАЙДИЛЬДА
Published: October 2024

Мақала дүниетаным мен оның «даналық» ұғымымен байланысты екендігіне арналған. Бұл арада дүниетаным ұғымы тұжырымдалады. Құндылық концепцияларының проблема тұрғысынан бейнеленуі дискурстар аспектісінде қарастырылады. Жыраулар поэзиясының дидактикалық бағыты қазақ және орыс мәдениеттерінің паремиологиялық қорын қарастырумен байланысты. Паремиологиялық қорға сүйене отырып, қазақ шешендік өнерінің концепциясын дамыта отырып талдау үшін орыс және қазақ рухани қазынасындағы мақал-мәтелдердің зерттелуіне әдеби шолу жасалды. Мақал-мәтелдерді сұрыптау арқылы қазақтың шешендік өнерінің үлгіге айналған тілдік тұлғасын талдау жүзеге асырылады. Жыраулар шығармашылығы мен мақалмәтелдердің дүниетанымды қалыптастыршы ұтқыр ойлардың лексикалық-семантикалық байланысына сипаттама берілді. Жыраулар поэзиясы мен мақал-мәтелдердегі «даналық» концепциясының дүниетанымдық көрінісі мен оның қызметі шешендіктің көркемдік кестесі тұрғысынан талданады. Осындай көзқарас дискурстардың классификациясын жасауға және қолданылыс жиілігін анықтауға мүмкіндік берді. Сонымен қатар дәстүрлі дискурстардың өзгермелігігі жыраулар поэзиясындағы жаңашылдық пен жанрлық жаңаруды танытады. Сондай-ақ дискурстың жиілік факторы да қалыптасды. Олар этикалық категориялардың қайталантын денотативті және коннотативтік мағыналарының қарым-қатынасымен байланысты болмақ. Дүниетаным мен дүниетанымдық аспектіде хикметтің түсіндірмелерін анықтау жүзеге асырылды. Риторикалық идеал мен әлем сипаттамасының пайда болуын зерттеу оның корреляциясын зерттеумен түсіндіріледі. Қазақ шешендік өнерінің ең алдымен практикалық сипаты жыраулар поэзиясының қалыптасу кезеңінде ғананақтыланды. Одан әрі бұрынғы көркемдік кестенің төмендеуі, жаңа көркемдік стратегиялардың дамуы,символизмнің дамуы аясында қазақ шешендік өнері дәстүрлілік сипатынан алшақтайды. Риторикалық дәлелдеу мен деректемелік арнаның толысу техникасы дамитындың мақалада қарастырылады.
XIX ҒАСЫРДА АҚТӨБЕ УЕЗІНДЕГІ БОЛЫСТАР ЖӘНЕ БОЛЫСТЫҚ БАСҚАРУ ЖҮЙЕСІ
Authors: Д.М. БАҒЫНДЫҚОВА  , Г.Б. ИЗБАСАРОВА
Published: October 2024

Бүгінгі таңда, қазақ халқының «Жаңа Қазақстан» құру жолында ұлттық жаңаруы мен тәуелсіздігіміздің нық берік қалыптасу жолында, тарихымыздың кейбір кемшіл тұстарын толықтырып, тарихи шындықтарды қалпына келтірудің маңыздылығы артуда. Сол бір кемшіл тұстарының бірі ХІХ ғ. Патша үкіметінің қазақ халқын жаулап алу мақсатында бір жағынан қарулы күшке, отарлау апаратына, екінші жағынан, қазақ шонжарларының феодалдық басшы топтарына сүйеніп өз жұмыстарын жүргізген саясаты болатын. Ресей империясының құрамындағы Қазақстандағы басқару жүйесін дамыту мәселесі отандық тарих ғылымында өзекті болып табылады. Бұл мәселенің өзектілігі дәстүрлі билік институттарын зерттеуге деген қызығушылықтың артуына байланысты туындап отыр. ХІХ ғасырдың екінші жартысындағы реформалар көшпелі қауымдардың басқару тетіктерін өзгерткен болатын.Бұл мақалада Патша үкіметінің еңгізген реформаларынан кейінгі Ақтөбе уезіндегі әкімшілік басқару құрылымындағы болыстардың рөлі және олардың маңыздылығы туралы зерделенеді. Бұрын жарияланбаған мұрағат құжаттарына сүйене отырып, мақалада Ресей империясының далалық өлкелерінің байырғы тұрғындарының қазақ даласында 1868 жылғы әкімшілік реформаны жүзеге асырудағы нақты бір жағдайы қарастырылады. Зерттеу жұмысында 1881-1883, 1884, 1899 жылдардағы Ақтөбе уезіндегі болыстардың тізімімұрағат құжаттары бойынша берілген.
АҚТӨБЕ ӨҢІРІНДЕГІ КЕҢЕС ҮКІМЕТІНІҢ ОРНАУЫ: ШАРАЛАРЫ, ЕРЕКШЕЛІКТЕРІ
Authors: А.М. ЕСПЕНБЕТОВА  , Н.Е. ДОСОВ
Published: October 2024

The proposed article is devoted to the victory and the policy of the Bolshevik regime in the Aktobe region. The victory of the October Revolution in Russia contributed to the establishment of Soviet power in Kazakhstan. At the same time, the establishment of Soviet power in Kazakhstan was associated with a number of additional difficulties, such as socio-economic backwardness, the dominance of patriarchal relations in the Kazakh village, the small number and weakness of Bolshevik organizations, and the complexity of interethnic relations. In the article, the author, conducting a review of research and data on the problem, examines the actions of the Bolshevik dictatorship that arose in Russia at the beginning of the twentieth century, as well as the peculiarities of the establishment of Soviet power in Kazakhstan, including on the territory of Aktobe. The results of the double revolution of 1917 and the changes in the internal, political and economic life of the region are analyzed on the basis of regional archival documents. The article did not ignore the establishment of Soviet power and the political, social difficulties andobstacles in its implementation. In addition, archival data reflecting the involvement of the region in the civil war under the rule of the Bolshevik dictatorship will be analyzed. In describing the political development of the country during the period of the double revolution, the main attention was paid to the activities of Alash figures.
ЭНЕРГИЯ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТІНДЕГІ ИННОВАЦИЯЛАР: МҰНАЙ ӨНЕРКӘСІБІНДЕГІ ЭНЕРГИЯ ТҰТЫНУДЫ АҚЫЛДЫ БАСҚАРУ
Authors: Г.Т. КОСМБАЕВА  , Н.Б. ҚАРЖАУБАЙ  , В.Н. КАЗАГАЧЕВ
Published: October 2024

Мемлекет саясатымен жүргізілген энергия үнемдеу іс-шарасының негізгі мақсаты - өнім бірлігіндегі энерготасығыштардың барлық түрінің салыстырмалы шығынын және оған көрсетілетін жұмыс күшін азайту.
Қазақстан Республикасының "Энергия үнемдеу туралы" заңы 1997 жылы 25 желтоқсанда қабылданған. Осы заң Қазақстан Республикасының отын-энергтикалық ресурстарын тиімді пайдалануға арналған экономикалық және ұйымдық жағдайларды құру мақсатындағы энергия үнемдеу саласының қоғамдық қатынастарын реттейді.
Энергия үнемдеу саласындағы саясат – энергия үнемдеусаласындағы құқықты, ұйымдарды және финастық-қаражатты реттеу қызметі. Сонымен қатар, басқа да түсініктер бар: отын-энергетикалық ресурстарын тиімді пайдалану – осы уақыттағы техника мен технологияның даму деңгейі бойынша жоғары нәтижелі, техника жағынан мүмкіндігі мол, отын- энергетикалық ресурстарын үнемді пайдаланатын және технологияның қоршаған ортаға әсерін бір уақытта азайтатын іс-шара. Отын-энергетикалық ресурстарын үнемді пайдаланудың көрсеткіштері – кез келген өнімге, жұмысқа немесе қызметтерге арналған отын мен энергияның салыстырмалы шығынын белгілі мөлшерге регламенттау (белгілі тәртіпке келтіру).
CОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ И ПОДХОДЫ К ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЮ ОЧИСТНЫХ СООРУЖЕНИЙ НЕФТЕСОДЕРЖАЩИХ И ХИМИЧЕСКИ ЗАГРЯЗНЕННЫХ СТОКОВ НЕФТЕПЕРЕРАБАТЫВАЮЩИХ (НПЗ) И НЕФТЕХИМИЧЕСКИХ ЗАВОДОВ (НХЗ) ПРИ ОКАЗАНИИ ИНЖИНИРИНГОВЫХ УСЛУГ
Authors: А.В. ДЕРНОВИЧ  , К.В. ВИШНЕВСКИЙ
Published: October 2024

Мақалада мұнай өңдеу және мұнай-химия өнеркәсібі кәсіпорындарындағы өнеркәсіптік ағынды суларды тазартудың өзекті мәселесі қарастырылған. 20-ғасырдың 60-80-жылдары салынған қолданыстағы тазарту құрылыстары жабдықтардың тозуы мен ластаушы заттардың құрамының өзгеруіне байланысты қазіргі талаптарға сай емес. Тазалау тиімділігі 30-75% құрайды, бұл қоршаған ортаның ластануына және экожүйені қалпына келтіруге жоғары шығындарға әкеледі. Мәселені шешу тазалау технологияларын түбегейлі қайта құруды, ескірген жабдықтарды ауыстыруды және озық ғылыми-техникалық жетістіктерді енгізуді талап етеді. Экологиялық инжинирингке маманданған инжинирингтік компаниялар материалдар баланстарын, суды зерттеуді, жобалық құжаттаманы әзірлеуді, шлам мен шламды өңдеуді қоса алғанда, кілт тапсырылған жобаларды жобалау және жүзеге асыру бойынша кешенді қызметтерді ұсынады. Олар шығындарды азайтуға және тазалау параметрлеріне қол жеткізуге көмектеседі. Инжиниринг сонымен қатар кеңес беру қызметтерін, жобалау және қадағалауды қамтиды, бұл оны ағынды суларды тазарту қондырғыларын тиімді басқарудың маңызды элементі етеді.
A Humanização da Medicina
Authors: Ernesto Vera , Baldaia Paula
Published: October 2024

Na sua perspectiva filosófica, o ideal de Humanização pode ser genericamente definido como um compromisso das tecnociências da saúde, em seus meios e fins, na concretização de valores relacionados com a fidelidade humana e validados como Bem Comum.
Avaliação das competências em reanimação Cardiorrespiratóriam dos Profissionais de Enfermagem da Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos do Hospital Américo Boavida
Authors: Matemba António Vasco
Published: October 2024

Foi realizado um estudo transversal na Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos do Hospital Américo Boavida com o objectivo de identificar os conhecimentos e o grau de preparação dos profissionais de Enfermagem, caracterizando-os quanto à idade, sexo, experiência profissional, nível de formação, especialidade, treinamento em Suporte Básico de Vida (SBV) e Suporte Avançado de Vida (SAV), tempo de trabalho, procedimentos de desfibrilação cardíaca, cateterização de veia profunda, entubação endotraqueal e identificação e interpretação de ritmos cardíacos. De um total de 34 profissionais de Enfermagem, foram seleccionados 13 indivíduos (38,8%) sendo 7 (54%) do sexo feminino. A média de idade foi de 34 anos. Em relação ao nível de formação, 7 (54%) eram técnicos médios, 6 (46%) técnicos básicos e apenas 5 profissionais (38%) tinham especialização em cuidados intensivos. Dez profissionais de enfermagem (77%) tinham recebido formação e, SBV. Nenhum profissional de enfermagem tinha formação em SAV. O tempo de trabalho variava entre 6 e 11 anos.
Imagens em Medicina
Authors: Morais Humberto
Published: October 2024

Jovem de 18 anos de idade, do sexo masculino, raça negra, que recorreu à consulta de cardiologia por palpitações tipo taquicárdia de inicio e término súbito. Refere ter episódios pouco frequentes, por norma mostra não acompanhados de outros sintomas nomeadamente, dor torácica, dispneia, lipotímia ou síncope. O exame objectivo é normal. A radiografia do tórax e o ecocardiograma foram normais. O ECG é mostrado na fig 1.Questões?Qual O diagnóstico/problema?Que exames solicitaria para abordar O problema encontrado?
IDENTIFICAÇÃO MICROBIANA E DETECÇÃO DAS RESISTÊNCIAS AOS AGENTES ANTIMICROBIANOS PELO SISTEMA VITEK 2 COMPACT.
Authors: Agostinho Joaquim , Aleixo Gisela , Santos Angela
Published: October 2024

Este trabalho pretende iniciar uma apresentação das espécies bacterianas isoladas em diferentes produtos biológicos enviados para estudo no Laboratório de Microbiologia da Clínica Sagrada Esperança e das suas resistências aos agentes antimicrobianos quando existiam e houve meios para as detectar. Pretende também avaliar a qualidade das identificações bacterianas e fúngicas e a consistência dos testes de susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos realizados durante o ano de 2007.Dos isolamentos e identificações realizados, 61,6% eram bactérias de Gram negativo, 27,1% de Gram positivo e 11,2% fungos leveduriformes. As identificações foram classificadas como de excelente qualidade em 40,67%, segundo os escalões do aparelho Vitek2 Compact. A percentagem de bactérias com um ou mais mecanismos de resistência foi de 26,09%, sendo o mecanismo de resistência mais comum a modificação das proteínas de ligação às penicilinas (Mod PBP), seguido da produção de β-lactamases de largo espectro
O 1º Curso de Especialização em Medicina do Trabalho (CEMT): Algumas notas para memória futura
Authors: Prista João
Published: October 2024

O 1º Curso de Especialização em Medicina do Trabalho em Luanda, realizado através de uma parceria entre a Clínica Sagrada Esperança (CSE) e a Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ENSP), constituiu uma oportunidade e revelou-se uma realidade de enorme alcance: do ponto de vista técnico, numa perspectiva pedagógica e na vertente humana.
Eczema de Contacto Profissional em Trabalhadores da Construção Civil
Authors: Dos Santos Mário Gil Ernesto de Jesus , Uva António Neves Pires de Sousa
Published: October 2024

INTRODUÇÃO: Nos países em desenvolvimento acelerado e nem sempre sustentável, como no caso de Angola, o ramo da construção civil é uma das actividades que mais emprega trabalhadores em fase activa da vida laboral. Todavia, nem sempre são respeitados os pressupostos de segurança e manutenção da saúde destes, numa actividade repleta de factores de risco de natureza diversa. Tendo em conta esta problemática, realizou-se um estudo com o objectivo de avaliar a prevalência de dermites de contacto relacionadas com a manipulação de cimento em profissionais trabalhadores de construção civil em Luanda-Angola.MÉTODOS: Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo, transversal, que envolveu profissionais que manipulavam cimento na empresa Teixeira Duarte Angola, S.A. em Luanda. A amostra foi por conveniência, tendo em conta a disponibilidade do trabalhador e sua aceitação para fazer parte do estudo. A recolha dos dados foi feita usando um guião clínico previamente elaborado, onde constaram variáveis sociodemográficas, variáveis relacionadas com a história familiar, história patológica pregressa e actual, bem como, variáveis clínicas (exame físico dermatológico) e de análise da situação de trabalho. Para o tratamento dos dados foi usado o SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) 20.0 ed. Os dados foram sujeitos a uma análise descritiva e inferencial. Utilizou-se o teste Qui-Quadrado para análise bivariada das variáveis qualitativas e para testar uma associação foi aplicado o teste de correlação de Spearman’s com um nível de significância < 0,005. Foram cumpridos os procedimentos éticos e obtido o consentimento esclarecido e informado verbalmente.RESULTADOS: Dos 104 profissionais seleccionados foram inqueridos 100 (todos homens) com média de idade de 31.7±8 anos, nível de escolaridade, 71 (71%) com o nível básico, quanto ao grupo profissional, 55 (55%) pedreiros, 38 (38%) serventes e 8 (8%) carpinteiros. Quanto a experiência profissional 55 (55%) apresentavam mais de 5 anos. A prevalência de dermites de contacto foi 14%. Não se encontrou associação entre a experiência profissional e possuir emprego informal em part-time na área de construção civil com a dermite de contacto. De igual modo, não houve uma associação estatisticamente significativa que relacionasse a profissão de pedreiro com o surgimento da dermite de contacto, no entanto, após reagrupamento de serventes e carpinteiros mostrou haver significância estatística entre estas duas variáveis (p de 0,039).CONCLUI-SE que há grande carência de informação sobre a etiologia desta doença e das medidas de protecção por parte destes trabalhadores.
Implementação da cromatina oral para o diagnóstico genético das crianças com transtornos de diferenciação sexual
Authors: Ferrer Roberto Lardoeyt , Sambo Maria do Rosário
Published: October 2024

Os transtornos de diferenciação sexual (TDS) são um conjunto de doenças congénitas que se manifestam pela discrepância entre os genitais externos, as gónadas e o sexo cromossómico, e são de relativa frequência na prática pediátrica. Angola não esta isenta deste problema de saúde. Não são classificados e tratados sem ter uma referência diagnóstica do sexo genético, seja perante estudos moleculares por PCR (Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase) do gene SRY, ou estudos citogenéticos. O manuseio destes transtornos depende da avaliação de um geneticista clínico, cuja especialização não existe em Angola.
Preditores de mortalidade em adultos admitidos por malária grave numa Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos em Angola: Critérios da OMS de 2015
Authors: Tomás Esmael , Filipe Ermelindo , Viegas Edna , Velez Nádia , Carapichoso Vanda , Napato Agostinho
Published: October 2024

Introdução: A malária é uma das doenças infecciosas humanas mais prevalentes e a doença parasitária humana mais devastadora. Pretendemos, neste estudo, determinar a associação entre os critérios de malária grave definidos pela Organização Mundial da Saúde à admissão dos doentes numa Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos e a ocorrência de óbito.
Métodos: foi realizado um estudo longitudinal, observacional, analítico, tipo coorte retrospectivo na Unidade de Cuidados Intensivosda Clínica Sagrada Esperança, durante 4 anos, de uma amostra de doentes adultos admitidos por malária grave, segundo os critérios revistos pela OMS em 2015. Foi utilizada a estatística descritiva e a inferencial, que se baseou predominantemente em modelos de regressão logística binária. A área abaixo da curva ROC foi utilizada para avaliar a capacidade discriminatória do modelo.Resultados: foram envolvidos 250 doentes. De entre os critérios de gravidade, a prostração 243 (97,2%), a hiperparasitémia 202 (80,8%), a icterícia 171 (68,4%) e as alterações de consciência 130 (52,0%) foram os mais observados na nossa amostra. O modelo final, que apresenta uma elevada sensibilidade (93,8%), especificidade (72,4%) e precisão (88,8%), bem como capacidade discriminante excelente (AUC=0,928; p<0,000). As variáveis estatisticamente significativas para a ocorrência de óbitoforam cinco: a hemorragia significativa (OR= 21,562; IC95%= 2,191 – 212,193); o choque (OR= 13,645; IC95%= 5,487– 33,935); a acidose (OR=5,644; IC95%= 1,916 – 16,627); a hipoglicémia (OR= 4,544; IC95%= 1,209– 17,081) e as alterações de consciência (OR= 3,164; IC95%= 1,218 – 8,220).Conclusão: a malária grave continua a ser uma causa de elevada mortalidade. Os predictores: hemorragia significativa, choque, acidose, hipoglicémia e alterações de consciência, identificados à admissão na Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos foram significativamente determinantes para a ocorrência de óbito e devem ser usados prioritariamente para estratificar os doentes para uma estratégia de tratamento mais intensivo.
Detection of Brucellosis in dairy cows at Goshta and Mohmand Dara Districts of Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan
Authors: Faisal Mohammad Nazar , Rahimi Najibullah , Banuree Sayed Attaul Haq
Published: October 2024

Background: Brucellosis is an infectious zoonotic diseases caused by a gram-negative, facultative, intracellular bacterial organism of the genus Brucella that is harmful to many animal and human species. The purpose of this study was to assess the detection of Brucellosis as well as potential risk variables linked with districts, breeds (Local, HF, and Jersey) and age (2-4, 5-7, and more than 7 years). Materials and Methods: In the current investigation, 150 blood and milk samples were obtained from the districts of Goshta and Mohmand Dara and analyzed for Brucella antibodies using the Milk Ring Test (MRT), the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT), and the Standard Tube Agglutination Test (STAT). Findings: A total of 150 samples were evaluated for this investigation, and 30 (20%) of them tested positive for brucellosis. Among these 30 positive cases, 19 (63.33%) were positive in Goshta district and 11 (15.7%) were positive in Mohmand Dara district. Out of 30 positive samples, 19 (63.33%) were positive in local dairy cows, 5 (16.66%) in HF, and 6 (20.00%) in Jersey breeds. According to results of present study, a significant association was documented between brucellosis and age of the dairy cows as higher prevalence was recorded for 5-7 years old (X2=10.500, P=0.005). In a comparison of serum and milk antibody detection assays, it was found that serum had a greater antibody detection rate than milk. Conclusion: This study uses MRT, RBPT, and STAT as screening tools to add some information about the frequency of brucellosis in dairy cows breeds that are available in the Mohmand Dara and Goshta areas. The prevalence of brucellosis was higher in local dairy cows compared to other dairy breeds. Brucellosis' significance to the dairy sector and its possible effects on people's health such as zoonotic effects, antibiotics resistance, relapse of the diseases, prolonged treatment duration, side effects of antibiotics and limited treatment options during pregnancy.
Long-term Glucose Infusions had no Influence on Gonadotropins Hormone Secretion in Ovariectomized Goats
Authors: Zabuli Jahid , Tawfeeq Mohammad Monir , Tanaka Tomomi , Kamomae Hideo
Published: October 2024

‌Background: It is reported that high nutritional supplementation treatment for seven days stimulated pulsatile LH secretion attended by increased in the plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in goat. The present study tested the hypothesis that whether providing peripheral glucose to goats associated with digestion of high nutrition supplementation increase gonadotropin secretion in ovariectomized goats. Materials and Methods: There was two experimental groups. The treatment animals from both experiences received glucose infusion. In the first experiment (constant glucose infusion; 50% glucose + saline at a rate of 7.5 ml/h for 7 days) and in the second experiment (progressive glucose infusion; 20% glucose + saline by increasing 5% glucose in 24hr intervals for 7 days at a rate of 15 ml/h for 7 days). The control animals from both experiences received saline infusion in the same manner. Findings: In the first experiment, there was no significant diversity in the concentrations of glucose and insulin among the treatment period as compared with mean pre-infusion period or compared to control groups except for Day 2 (p<0.05). In the second experiment, concentrations of both the glucose and insulin started increasing significantly from Day 2 and remained with elevated levels until day 7 as compared with mean pre-infusion period or compared to control groups (p<0.05). The mean Follicle stimulating hormone concentration in treatment group was not affected by glucose infusion as compared with pre-infusion periods or control group. The mean LH (concentration and pulse frequency) was not affected by glucose or saline infusion in both experiments. Conclusion: The present studies suggest that an increase in the glucose availability does not control the gonadotropin secretion as a stimulatory mediator in ovariectomized goats.
Prevalence and Patterns of Self-Medication with Antibiotics among People Visiting Dental Clinic, Kabul, Afghanistan
Authors: Alokozay Ali Mohammad , Nazari Rajab , Farahmand Mohammad Ashraf , Shayan Shah Jahan
Published: October 2024

‌Background: Self-medication with antibiotics is a global public health issue particularly in developing countries where over 50% of antibiotics are dispensed over the counter. This class of drugs, which is the most important success of modern medicine, and saved millions of lives, is now losing its effectiveness owing to microbial resistance. It is an emergency alarm for developing countries which are in the top of morbidity and mortality list of infectious diseases. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and patterns of self-medication with antibiotics among people attending the Dental Teaching Clinic of Kabul University of Medical Sciences, Kabul, Afghanistan, in 2020. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among clients of the Dentistry Teaching Clinic of Kabul University of Medical Sciences. A census sampling method was used to select the participants for one month, November 2020. Data collection was done using a researcher-developed questionnaire to collect data on the prevalence and patterns of self-medication with antibiotics. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics (Version 24). Findings: The prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics was 30.1% in the past twelve months. The common reasons for self-medication with antibiotics were having a successful experience with medication, cost-saving, and lack of time.  Toothache, sore throat, and cough were common health conditions that were self-medicated with antibiotics. Amoxicillin, metronidazole, and azithromycin were common antibiotics that were used for self-medication. Conclusion: The prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics is high among people attending the Dental Teaching Clinic of Kabul University of Medical Sciences. Patterns of self-medication indicate the irrational practice of antibiotics.
Prevalence of the Novel COVD-19 in Nangarhar Province Corona Center Hospital during June 2020 to August 2021
Authors: Sahak Shukrullah , Jabarkhil Abdul Nasir , Rahime Salahuddin , Mulavizada Habibullah , Zafarzai Kamran
Published: October 2024

Background: In 2019, a novel coronavirus appeared, quickly circling the world from its Chinese source. The illness brought on by this virus is known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and the virus was given the designation SARS-CoV-2 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization proclaimed COVID-19 to be a pandemic. During 2020, the virus spread to Afghanistan and infected thousands of individuals. This study's aim is to describe the incidence of COVID-19 in the Nangarhar Corona Center Hospital in Afghanistan between June 2020 and August 2021. Thus, quick administration of the necessary therapy can stop future complications. Additionally, the management of upcoming pandemic virus illnesses will benefit from this study's findings. Materials and Methods: A descriptive retrospective investigation using interview approach and an accidental sampling technique was used to collect data for this study from the inpatient medical records of patients who were identified as having SARS-CoV-2 infection following admission to the Corona Center Hospital in Nangarhar province, Afghanistan, between June 2020 and August 2021. Additionally, information on the laboratory tests was taken from the hospital file. In addition, 140 patients were questioned about their ischemic heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, and other COVID-19 risk factors. Additionally, 100 patients were given a questionnaire about the socioeconomic effects of COVID-19 on their daily lives and behavior. Findings: In this study, patients who met the inclusion criteria provided 11000 samples. 3380 female patients and 7620 male patients in all have been reported. There were 9267 negative cases and 1733 positive cases out of them. 1133 (10.1%) of the positive instances were found in male patients, whereas 600 (5.5%) were found in female patients. The 140 patients who were examined for COVID-19 risk factors identified four, including hypertension, diabetes, chronic liver disorders, and ischemic heart disease. Additionally, 75% of participants believed that COVID-19 would be controlled in Afghanistan, compared to 70% who believed that COVID-19 would be managed globally. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that the majority of COVID-19 patients were of productive age. Additionally, our study found that there was a negative overall influence of COVID-19 on Afghan population social life. Immediate action is required on the part of the general public in the shape of focused mass psychological support initiatives in order to improve the mental health of those impacted by the COVID-19 problems.
Dietary Arginine as a Growth Promoter for Broiler Chickens
Authors: Danish Faisal , Amarkhil Rahimullah , Adil Naeem Jan , Azizi Mohammad Naeem , Hematzai Nasratullah
Published: October 2024

Background: Animals require amino acid (arginine) to maintain optimal body growth and nitrogen balance. The intent of the present study was to understand the impact of arginine on broiler chick productivity. Materials and Methods: A 35-days study was conducted at the Veterinary Science Faculty's research farm in Nangarhar, Afghanistan. 60 chicks of one-day-old were purchased from a local hatchery and were divided into four equal groups: control, treatment 1 (T1), treatment 2 (T2), and treatment 3 (T3). The arginine supplementation provided to these groups was 0% (control), 0.1% (T1), 0.2% (T2), and 0.3% (T3), respectively. Findings: The treatment groups had better weight gain and feed efficiency in the third, fourth and fifth weeks compared to the control group (p<0.05). Dietary arginine supplementation also contributed to an increase in body weight gain (BWG) during the majority of the experiment's period. All arginine-supplemented groups had significantly (p<0.05) better FCR in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th weeks of age compared to the control group. Conclusion: Supplementation of arginine to the diet of broiler chickens significantly increased their live body weight, weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio. These results indicate that arginine might be used as a useful supplementation to increase their productivity.
Evaluation of Ethylene Usage and Effects of Temperature, Humidity, and Lights on the Ripening of Banana (Musa spp)
Authors: Adel Mohammad Arif , Nazari Mohammad Hares , Shinwari Abdulwaris
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Banana as a basic food plays an important role in improving food security. This plant has a special value due to its short fruiting time and economic profitability. Banana tree is widely cultivated in developing and tropical countries and is considered one of the most important fruit trees in the world. Banana is climacteric fruits.  Most of the fruits are ripened on the tree, but for export we need to harvest and store unripe. The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of ethylene and the effect of different temperatures, humidity and light on the ripening of bananas. Materials and Method: This study was carried out in the laboratory of Sar-e-Pol Higher Education Institute from 7 Nov to 28 Dec 2022, in order to obtain the best conditions for the quick ripening of bananas. Non-scratch bananas were randomly purchased from market. They were separated in pairs and put to the place that was already prepared for testing, and subjected to different treatments and kept for 48 hours in a dark and warm place with a temperature of 18 °C. Findings: The findings of this research show that the bananas treated with ethylene, ripen earlier than the control bananas at different temperatures. The effect of 18 and 22°C temperatures in 3 to 4 days and 24°C temperatures in 1 to 2 days was observed. Bananas that were ripened at a high temperature were sweeter and had less smell than those that were ripened at a lower temperature. Bananas that were kept at a relative humidity of 70 percent and above ripped later than the bananas that were kept at a relative humidity of less than 70 percent. High and low relative humidity has less effect on the inside quality of the banana, but has a direct effect on attractiveness and color. Bananas that were ripened in bright light were sweeter and yellower in color than those in the dark. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, the use of chemical substances (ethylene), temperature, humidity and light for the ripening of unripe bananas has a direct effect on its attractiveness and quality.
Studies on Addition of Four o'Clock Flowers (Mirabilis jalapa) Extract on Physiochemical, Microbiological and Sensory Analysis Properties of Yoghurt
Authors: Rodwal Imranullah , Shenwari Abdul Waris , Zerak Naveed , Niazi Mir Hatam , Sherzad Hedayatullah , Shenwary Habib Rahim , Rahmani Mohammad Malyar , Baber Bakht Munir
Published: October 2024

Background: Milk and other dairy products are the most stable which contains of minerals, vitamins and carbohydratese for all social groups and all age people. The additives of plants are multifunctional use in the dairy industry. Wild plants have the good property of vitamins, minerals, and some other biologically active substances. Because of these compounds, digestion has been improved. Materials and Methods: This study was done in the food technology and nutrition department, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab. Mirabilis Jalapa flowers have been gotten from Phagwara model town. The flowers collected at the evening, then were dried at the oven, and the second procedure is making powder of the flowers. Milk was collected from the local market then heat it and pasteurized for 5 minutes at 95 centigrade, cooling at 45 centigrade. Findings: We observed that Mirabilis Jalapa flower extracts were not commonly integrated into the raw milk components. Various extract concentrations, ranging 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%, respectivly, were incorporated into raw milk, with a 5% lactobacillus culture, omitting the use of a control sample. After 24-hour fermentation period, the acidity levels of the samples ranged from 1.05% for the control to 1.45% for the 10% fortified yogurt. Over time, the pH values of the different extract concentrations exhibited a gradual decline. Moreover, with various concentrations of Mirabilis Jalapa extracts exhibited extended shelf lives, with durations of 24 days, 28 days, 32 days, and 34 days for extract concentrations of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%, respectively. Conclusion: The experimental findings show that the fortified yogurt with Mirabilis Jalapa’s extract shelf life extended, adding more extracts means extending shelf life, whereas conventional yogurt exhibited a comparatively shorter shelf life of 23 days.
A Comparative Study of Light and Heavy Elements Cations in Wastewater in Herat City, Afghanistan
Authors: Timory Ahmad , Ashah Faridah , Timory Shahnaz
Published: October 2024

‌‌Background: Proper management of wastewater is crucial for the environment. Without knowing the operational status of the treatment system, it is impossible to make an accurate assessment of the system. In this study, the performance of the activated sludge system at the Al-Farooq 207 Qul Urdu (Site A) and Family Center (Site B) wastewater treatment plants was evaluated for the removal of element cations. Materials and Methods: The research method involved random sampling of sewage. For this purpose, 5 samples were taken from the 2, 3, and 5 meter parts of the distance of 15 samples. Findings: The concentration of the elements in these wastewaters has been measured and then the results have been analyzed by statistical analysis. After the graphs that were examined and analyzed in the sewage of (Site A) and (Site B) in Herat Province, according to the WHO international standard for these cations of toxic elements such as: FeII 0.5gr/lit, AlIII 0.2gr/lit, CrII 0. 05gr/lit, CoII 0.023gr/lit, ZnII 3gr/lit, MnII 0.5gr/lit, NiII 0.02gr/lit, CuII 2gr/lit, CdII 0.03gr/lit, BiII 1gr/lit, AsII 0.01gr/lit, SbII 0.005gr /lit, HgII 0.001fr/lit, has determined. The results in the presented graphs are compared with the WHO international range. Conclusion: The results show that the concentration of toxic cations of heavy elements in the wastewater of (Site A) is very high, except for the remaining (CuII) cation from the WHO international range. and its use in the fields of agriculture, environment and their flow in surface waters is very worrying. While the concentration of toxic cations of heavy elements in the sewage of (Site B), Herat province, except for the cations of (ZnII), (MnII), (CuII), (CdII), is lower than the WHO international range, the concentration of cations (Fe), (AlIII), (Cr++), (CoII), (NiII), (BiII), (AsII), (SbII) are relatively high from the WHO international range. And its use in agriculture, the environment and its flow on surface and underground water are worrying. Because this wastewater is used to irrigate fields in Behdaei village of Gozereh district without chemical treatment.
Assessment of Theileriosis Prevalence in Goat: A Study in the Central Areas of Khost Province, Afghanistan
Authors: Ibrahimi Mumtaz , Danish Sabghatullah , Basharmal Khalid , Aziz Rahman , Langar Hikmatullah
Published: October 2024

‌Background: Theileriosis, a tick-borne hemoprotozoan disease, poses a substantial economic threat to goat farming. Small ruminants, especially goats, play a significant role in the economy of poor farmers in Afghanistan. Parasites are known as an important risk factor for the health and production of small ruminants, which cause important economic losses in the developed and developing countries of the world. Parasitic diseases that are transmitted by insects affect the health of animals, causing low production due to malnutrition in animal. This study aims to assess the prevalence of theileriosis in goats and to reduce the mortality and morbidity rate within the central areas of Khost province. Materials and Methods: All the data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA-SPSS) which is described by Sen Decor and Cochran (1967). the sample size was calculated using Martine formula (n = 1.962pq/r2), where 1.96 is the 95% confidence interval (CI), p is the cumulative prevalence of theileriosis in goats of Baluchistan (9.70%) is 1-p and r is the accepted error (5%). Findings: This study demonstrated varying prevalence rates, with theileriosis prevalence recorded at 9.6% in male animals, 14.1% in females, 15.4% in non-mature animals, and 11.5% in matured. Statistical analyses substantiated the significance of gender-based prevalence (P<0.05) and age-based trends (P<0.05), emphasizing the heightened prevalence in females and young animals. Conclusion: In conclusion, generally the prevalence of theileriosis exhibited gender-based disparities, with higher rates in females, and age-dependent variations, showcasing elevated prevalence in young animals. The study underscores the imperative for targeted management strategies, especially for female and young goat populations, to mitigate the economic impact of theileriosis in the central areas of Khost province, Afghanistan.
Passive Surveillance of Rabies Post Exposure Incidents in Goshta and Mohmand Dara Districts
Authors: Darmel Mohammad Bayer , Safullah Hazim , Dost Assadullah
Published: October 2024

Background: Rabies is a perilous viral disease that is lethal, affecting primarily warm-blooded creatures, including humans. Once clinical signs manifest, the illness becomes fatal. The World Health Organization (WHO) approximates that approximately 59,000 individuals perish annually worldwide due to rabies. Materials and Methods: This disease poses a significant challenge to health and public welfare in Afghanistan, where there is close contact between stray dogs, animals, and humans. Our research was conducted in the Goshta and Mohmand Dara districts of Nangarhar province, employing the principles of passive surveillance and retrospective review. We focused on registered potential cases of exposure to dog bites in both humans and animals. The data collected encompassed patient attributes, such as age, gender, residency (village), place of exposure, time of exposure, animal classification (wild, stray or domestic), anatomical location of the bite, depth of injury, and administered vaccination doses. Findings: A total of 17 human cases were recorded where out of the mentioned cases 12 belonged to Mohmand Dara district and five cases to Goshta district. In the studied human population except for two cases which were bitten/scratched by other animals (donkey and cat) all remaining were bitten/scratched by dogs. Only four dogs showed clinical symptoms of rabies. All victims received complete doses (5 doses) of anti-rabies vaccination (ARV) after exposure and were observed until the end of the research study, all cured. This study showed that case occurrence is different according to area and occurs more in males (82.352%) compared to females (17.647%). Also, people with an age of less than 20 years are more susceptible to dog bites. This study also showed that understudy populations are more bitten by dogs. A higher percentage of people are bitten in lower limbs. No predator animals have shown symptoms. The dog bites were significantly (P<0.05) increased during May-July compared to Aug-Sep, it means the exposure was effected by season. A total of four animal (cattle) cases of different ages were recorded in veterinary health centers, all bitten by dogs, none showed symptoms. Two of the mentioned animals were slaughtered before onset of symptoms and two remaining were observed no one showed symptoms. Conclusion: The study shows that dog bite is the main cause of transmission in humans and animals, especially among the male sex including children and young adults. Amended surveillance and prevention of dog bite-related wounds, predominantly among children, are needed.
Detection of Antimicrobial Drug Residues in Raw Cow Milk samples in Logar and Maidan Wardak Province, Afghanistan
Authors: Noori Mohammad Arif , Jamily Abdul Saleem , Danishiar Sayeed Qadir , Musavi Sayed Ali Askar
Published: October 2024

Background: Nowadays, various types of antibiotics are being used worldwide in the veterinary sector particularly, for the promotion of growth and treatment of livestock. Significant portions of antibiotics are released through the milk of dairy animals inviolate and exert serious harmful effects on human health. Milk that utilizes by human consumption should also comply with safety criteria regarding antibiotic residues. The objective of this study was to determine the level of antibiotic residues in raw milk conferred by the milk producer’s cooperatives of Logar and Maidan Wardak provinces to Guzargah dairy union for further processing and distribution. Materials and Methods: In this research 110, raw cow milk samples for a one-year period were collected and analyzed (n=110). 55 samples were collected from Logar province and 55 samples were collected from Maidan Wardak province. Milk samples were tested by Betastar Combo Test Kit. All samples considering the laboratory procedures were transported to the laboratory and tested for the presence of Tetracycline and Beta lactams as these antibiotics are widely used for the treatment of bovine mastitis. Finding: Out of 110 milk samples, 12 samples were positive for the presence of Tetracycline residues and 7 samples were positive for the presence of Beta lactams. For further accuracy of the result, all the positive samples were tested by Microbial Inhibition Assay (MIA), and the same result is obtained. Conclusion: The study results show and indicate that antibiotic residues are present in the samples which paves the way for the contamination of human food chains. Considering that milk is mostly consumed by the elderly and kids, hence, it can be the main concern for public health.