bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Dehydration Status and Associated Risk Factors of Cholera Outbreak in Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Ali Endale Alemayehu , Tilahun Tsigereda , Mebrate Eshetu
Published: June 2020

Introductions: Cholera is a diarrheal disease caused by infection of the intestine with the gram-negative bacteria Vibrio cholera. According to updated global burden of cholera estimate 2019 in Ethiopia 68,805,272 populations are at risk of cholera with incidence rate of 4 per 1000 population and case fatality of 3.8% estimated annual number of cases 275,221.Methods: The main objective of this study is to identify the significant risk factors of dehydration status of cholera outbreak in Oromia regional state of Ethiopia. Ordinal logistic regression was used to model the data by incorporating the assumption behind this novel model. Results: The results of the study indicated that of the total 965 cholera patients, most of them 560(58%) were severely dehydrated by cholera. The overall goodness of model (p-valu=0.07) shows that the model fits the data well. Besides, the proportional odds assumption also revealed that the slop coefficients in the model are the same across dehydration status (p-value=0.094). For those have history of travel, the odds of severely dehydrated versus the combined some dehydrated and no dehydrated was exp(1.133804)=3.11 times higher than those have no history of travel (p-value<0.01). All the other factors like history of contact with other patients, other sick patients in the family, Intravenous and Antibiotics drugs are statistically significant with 5% level of significance to determine the status of dehydration. Conclusions: The ordinal logistic regression was fitted the data well and most of the included factors were significant for the dehydration status of cholera outbreak.
The association between life satisfaction, emotional support and perceived health among Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) survivors
Authors: Hui Vivian , Constantino Rose
Published: June 2020

Background : Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a pressing phenomenon whose consequences are associated with severe physical and mental health outcomes. Every minute, around 24 people in the United States are raped, physically harmed, or emotionally abused by their intimate partner. Although having experienced IPV is not modifiable, emotional support is a protective factor to prevent victims from committing suicide. The psychological state of IPV victims is critical in post-traumatic events and this is evidenced in numerous qualitative interviews. Therefore, The objective of this study is to identify IPV and socio-demographic factors associated with emotional support, life satisfaction, and perceived health status in the United States.

Methods : This study analysed the data from 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Univariate analyses, multivariable logistic regression analyses and ordinal logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for factors associated with IPV. Analyses were conducted using SPSS version 25.

Results : The analyses show that there is a strong association between IPV experience and emotional support (AOR:1.810; 95% CI = 1.626 -2.015). Participants who had unwanted sex with an intimate partner in the past 12 months, have 2.28 higher odds to receive less emotional support and 2.05 higher odds to perceive poor life satisfaction. In addition, participants who reported experiencing IPV were associated with (AOR: 3.12; 95% CI =2.68 – 3.62) times the odds of having ≥ 6 days more mentally unhealthy days in a month. For perceived health outcomes, people who had been threatened with violence by a sex partner have 1.74 (95% CI =1.54 – 1.96) times the odds of having poor perceived general health status. IPV survivors have 3.12 (95% CI =2.68 – 3.62) times the odds of having ≥ 6 days more mentally unhealthy days in a month.

Conclusions : People reported with any IPV experience are more likely to receive less emotional support, perceive dissatisfaction in life, and poor health outcomes. This study shows the need for policies centered on the development of interventions that focus on mental health for those who have experienced IPV.
Network Pharmacology-Based Strategy for Predicting Therapy Targets of Tripterygium wilfordii on Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Fang Tingting , Liu Lanqin , liu wenjun
Published: June 2020

Background.
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common malignant tumor of the hematopoietic system. How to extend the survival time of AML patients and improve their prognosis is still a major medical problem. Chinese medicine has a long history in treating AML. Tripterygium wilfordii (TW) is a traditional Chinese medicine. With the deepening of pharmacological research of traditional Chinese medicine, triptolide, one of its active ingredients, has been proven to have a positive effect on the treatment of AML. Therefore,this study aimed on studying the potential therapeutic targets and pharmacological mechanism of TW in Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) based on network pharmacology.
Methods.
The active components of TW were obtained by network pharmacology through oral bioavailability, drug-likeness filtration. Comparative analysis was used to study the overlapping genes between active ingredient’s targets and AML treatment-related targets. Using STRING database to analyze interactions between overlapping genes. KEGG pathway analysis and Gene Ontology enrichment analysis were conducted in DAVID. These genes were analyzed for survival in OncoLnc database.
Results.
We screened 53 active ingredients, the results of comparative analysis showed that 8 active ingredients had an effect on AML treatment. Based on the active ingredients and overlapping genes, we constructed the Drug-Compounds-Genes-Disease Network. Survival analysis of overlapping genes indicated that some targets possess a significant influence on patients’ survival and prognosis. The enrichment analysis showed that the main pathways of targets are Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway and HIF-1 signaling pathway.
Conclusion.
This study, using a network pharmacologic approach, provides another strategy that can help us to understand the mechanisms by which TW treats AML comprehensively.
DeepGraphMol, a multi-objective, computational strategy for generating molecules with desirable properties: a graph convolution and reinforcement learning approach
Authors: Khemchandani Yash , O'Hagan Steve , Samanta Soumitra , Swainston Neil , Roberts Timothy J , Bollegala Danushka , Kell Douglas
Published: June 2020

We address the problem of generating novel molecules with desired interaction properties as a multi-objective optimization problem. Interaction binding models are learned from binding data using graph convolution networks (GCNs). Since the experimentally obtained property scores are recognised as having potentially gross errors, we adopted a robust loss for the model. Combinations of these terms, including drug likeness and synthetic accessibility, are then optimized using reinforcement learning based on a graph convolution policy approach. Some of the molecules generated, while legitimate chemically, can have excellent drug-likeness scores but appear unusual. We provide an example based on the binding potency of small molecules to dopamine transporters. We extend our method successfully to use a multi-objective reward function, in this case for generating novel molecules that bind with dopamine transporters but not with those for norepinephrine. Our method should be generally applicable to the generation in silico of molecules with desirable properties.
Bedbug Infestation Affects Utilization of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets in Kola Shara, South-West Ethiopia: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Wuletaw Yonas , Massebo Fekadu , Woyessa Adugna , Mohammed Hussein , Wegayehu Teklu
Published: June 2020

Background: Despite the social and psychological influences posed by bedbugs, so far there is no pest control to aver their public health impacts in Ethiopia. In addition, bedbugs are assumed to compromise the effective utilization of chemical-based malaria vector control like mosquito nets. However, there is a paucity of evidence on the influences of bedbug infestation on long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) utilization in rural settings like Kola Shara, south-west Ethiopia.Methods: A community-based longitudinal study was conducted between April and December 2017 in 330 households who obtained new LLINs. Socio-demographic, geolocation, bedbug infestation of LLINs and utilization status of the households was documented by trained data collectors. Descriptive statistics was employed to describe the findings.Result: Bedbug infestation and the subsequent removal net varied among each round. Although varying from month to month, there was a consistent decline in the number of nets in use. During round one and round two 11.8% (39/330) and 15.4% (51/330) nets were not in place, respectively. Moreover, the number of nets removed during round three increased to 30.6% (101/330) and a slight reduction to 27% (89/330) during round four. Both corrugated iron and thatched tukuls roof types (93.4%, 256/274 versus 92.9%, 52/56) had similar prevalence of bedbug infestation during the baseline survey, April 2017. Prevalence of bedbug infestation was similar for both types of floors, 89.4% (245/274) in mud and (89.1% (50/56) with plastic. The proportion of LLINs infested by bedbugs has shown an increasing trend (81.8%, 270/330; 93.3%, 308/330; 92.1%, 304/330; 94.5%, 312/330) during Rounds 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively.Conclusion: The present study demonstrated the role of LLINs infestation by bedbug that not only discouraged its persistent utilization but also discarded too early in less than six months. It is recommendable to design integrated vector control options that address pests of public health significance for a collateral benefit in malaria control. Furthermore, similar studies might emphasize on varying epidemiological settings.
Containing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Belize
Authors: Habet Kyle A. , Habet Diomne , Marin Gliselle
Published: June 2020

Objective: To demonstrate how Belize, a small country in Central America with limited resources, contained the spread of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).Methods:Information was gathered from official press releases from the Government of Belize. Statistics were accessed from the Ministry of Health’s website. Additional information was acquired from internet searches on Pubmed and the World Health Organization.Results:Total Cases: 18; Male to female ratio: 1:1; Deaths: 2; Total Tests Done: 1,128; Percentage of positive tests: 1.59%, New cases per day since first case to plateau: 0.812.Conclusion: Early intervention on a national level was key to preventing importation of cases and subsequent community transmission. Limiting the conglomeration of people, curfews, closures of school and universities, government-mandated social distancing, and extensive contact tracing may have mitigated the exponential spread of COVID-19. Mandatory mask-wearing in public may have helped to prevent spread between asymptomatic carriers to susceptible individuals. A low population density may have also contributed to containing the virus.
Central Nervous System Disorders in Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection: detailed clinical work-up of eight cases
Authors: Keller Emanuela , Brandi Giovanna , Winklhofer Sebastian , Imbach Lukas , Kirschenbaum Daniel , Frontzek Karl Joachim , Steiger Peter , Dietler Sabeth Aurelia , Haeberlin Marcellina Isabelle , Willms Jan Folkard , Porta Francesca , Waeckerlin Adrian , Abela Irene Alma , Lutterotti Andreas , Stippich Christoph , Jelcic Ilijas
Published: June 2020

Objective Case series with different clinical presentations indicating central nervous system (CNS) involvement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been published. Comprehensive work-ups including clinical characteristics, laboratory, electroencephalography (EEG), neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings are needed to understand the mechanisms.DesignWe evaluated 32 consecutive patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection treated at a tertiary care centre from March 09 to April 03, 2020 for concomitant severe central nervous system (CNS) symptoms occurring during their critical disease state. Those with CNS disorders were examined in detail regarding clinical characteristics and undergoing additional examinations, e.g. computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), (EEG), (CSF) analysis and autopsy if they had died.ResultsOf 32 critically ill patients with COVID-19 eight (18%) had severe CNS involvement (mean [SD] age, 67.6 [6.8] years; seven men; two patients died). All eight patients had cardiovascular risk factors, most frequently arterial hypertension. Two patients presented with lacunar ischemic stroke and one with status epilepticus in the early phase. As most common presentation, six patients presented with prolonged impaired consciousness after termination of analgosedation. In all but one with delayed wake-up, neuroimaging or autopsy showed multiple cerebral microbleeds, in three of them with additional subarachnoid haemorrhage and in another two with additional small ischemic lesions. In three patients intracranial vessel wall sequence MRI was performed, for the first time to our knowledge. All cases showed contrast-enhancement of vessel walls in large and middle-sized cerebral arteries, suggesting vascular wall pathologies with an inflammatory component. CSF analysis showed normal cells counts and chemistry. RT-PCRs for SARS-CoV-2 in CSF were all negative, and no intrathecal SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG synthesis was detectable.ConclusionsCNS disorders are common in patients with severe COVID-19. Different mechanisms might be involved. Besides unspecific encephalopathy and encephalitic syndromes, large vessel strokes might occur early after disease onset. In a later phase, microbleeds and microinfarctions indicate potential CNS small vessel disease. MRI vessel wall contrast enhancement suggests cerebral vascular wall pathologies with an inflammatory component. CNS disorders associated with COVID-19 may lead to long-term disabilities aggravating socio-economic damage. The mechanisms have to be investigated urgently in order to develop preventive and therapeutic neuroprotective strategies.
Ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 in Iran: challenges and signs of concern with under-reporting of prevalence and deaths
Authors: Ghafari Mahan , Hejazi Bardia , Karshenas Arman , Dascalu Stefan , Ferretti Luca , Ledda Alice , Khosravi Mohammad Ali , Abbasalipour Maryam , Zeinali Sirous , Katzourakis Aris
Published: June 2020

Iran was among the first group of countries with a major outbreak of COVID-19 in Asia. With nearly 100 exported cases to various other countries by Feb 25, 2020 it has since been the epicentre of the outbreak in the Middle East. By examining the age- and gender-stratified national data taken from PCR-confirmed cases and deaths related to COVID-19 on Mar 13 (reported by the Iranian ministry of health) and those taken from hospitalised patients in 14 university hospitals across Tehran on Apr 4 (reported by Tehran University of Medical Sciences), we find that the crude case fatality ratio of the two reports in those aged 60 and younger are identical and are almost 10 times higher than those reported from China, Italy, Spain and several other European countries (reported from government or ministry of health websites). Assuming a constant attack rate across all age-groups, we adjust for demography, delay from confirmation to death, and under-ascertainment of cases, to estimate the infection fatality ratio based on the reports from Mar 13. We find that our estimates are aligned with reports from China and the UK for those aged 60 and above [n=4609], but are 2-3 times higher in younger age-groups [n=6756] suggesting that only less than 10% of symptomatic cases were detected across the country at the time. Using inbound travel data (from China to Iran) and matching the dates of the flights with prevalence of cases in China from Jan to Mar 2020, we assess the risk of importation of active cases into the country. Further, using outbound travel data, based on detected cases exported from Iran to several other countries, we estimate the size of the outbreak in the country on Feb 25 and Mar 6 to be 13,700 (95% CI: 7,600 - 33,300) and 60,500 (43,200 - 209,200), respectively. We next estimate the start of the outbreak using 18 whole-genome sequences obtained from cases with a travel history to Iran and the first sequence obtained from inside the country. Finally, we use a mathematical model to predict the evolution of the epidemic and assess its burden on the healthcare system. Our modelling analysis suggests the first peak of the epidemic was on Apr 5 and the next one likely follows within the next 6-10 weeks with approximately 30,000 ICU beds required (IQR: 12K - 60K) and over 1 million active cases (IQR: 740K - 3.7M) during the peak weeks. We caution that relaxed, stringent intervention measures, during a period of highly under-reported spread, would result in misinformed public health decisions and a significant burden on the hospitals in the coming weeks.﻿
Detection limit of viruses in mosquitoes by one-step real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR
Authors: Tang Zhaoyang , Yamada Hanano , Kraupa Carina , Canic Sumejja , Busquets Núria , Talavera Sandra , Jiolle Davy , Vreysen Marc J. B. , Bouyer Jérémy , Abd-Alla Adly
Published: June 2020

BackgroundMosquitoes are the deadliest animals in the world. Their ability to carry and spread diseases to humans causes millions of deaths every year. Due to the lack of efficient vaccines, the control of mosquito-borne diseases often relies on management of the vector. Traditional control methods such as source reduction and chemical insecticides, have proven not to be sufficient to prevent the proliferation and spread of mosquito populations. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is an additional control method that can be combined with other control tactics to suppress specific mosquito populations. The SIT requires the mass-rearing and release of sterile males that would induce sterility in the wild female population. Samples collected from the environment for laboratory colonization, as well as released males, should be free from mosquito-borne viruses (MBV). Therefore, efficient detection methods with defined detection limits for MBV are required. Although a one-step reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method was developed to detect arboviruses in human and mosquito samples, its detection limit in mosquito samples has yet to be defined. MethodsWe evaluated the detection sensitivity of one step RT-qPCR for targeted arboviruses in large mosquito pools, using pools of non-infected mosquitoes of various sizes (165, 320 and 1600 mosquitoes) containing one infected mosquito body with defined virus titers of chikungunya virus (CHIKV), usutu virus (USUV), West Nile (WNV) virus and Zika virus (ZIKV).ResultsCHIK, USUV, ZIKV, and WNV virus were detected in all tested pools using the RT-qPCR assay. Moreover, in the largest mosquito pools (1600 mosquitoes), RT-qPCR was able to detect the targeted viruses using different total RNA quantities (10, 1, 0.1 ng per reaction) as a template. Correlating the virus titer with the total RNA quantity allowed predicting the maximum number of mosquitoes per pool in which the RT-qPCR can theoretically detect the virus infection. The corresponding equation uses a Ct value of 36 as a cut-off value for virus detection and a virus copy number of 108 for the positive mosquito body. Based on this formula, the detection limits of CHIK, USUV, ZIKV and WNV were 5.08 x 105, 8.74 x 106, 2.33 x 107, and 5.24 x 105, respectively.ConclusionMosquito borne viruses can be reliably detected by RT-qPCR assay in pools of mosquitoes exceeding 1000 specimens. This will represent an important step to expand pathogen-free colonies for mass-rearing sterile males for programmes that have an SIT component.
BIOLOGICAL VALUE OF PROTEIN OF CULINARY PRODUCTS BASED ON MILK-PROTEIN CONCENTRATE
Authors: Deinychenko Grygorii , Zolotukhina Inna , Skrynnik Viktoriia , Deinychenko Liudmyla , Kravchenko Tamara
Published: June 2020

The aim of this work is to determine the usage effectiveness of milk-protein concentrates as an analogue of cottage cheese at culinary products manufacturing. For attaining the set aim, we determined the biological value of protein in products, made using a milk-protein concentrate, comparing to traditional culinary products of fatless cottage cheese.

The research object was chosen as a milk-protein concentrate of buttermilk, obtained by the method of thermo-acid coagulation. Puree of cranberries was used as a coagulant. Classic recipes of different groups of culinary products, based on cottage cheese: cheese cakes, cottage cheese casserole, cottage cheese stuffing and cottage cheese biscuits were used as control samples for the studies.

The protein value of the milk concentrate and also products on its base was determined by the method of digestible indispensable amino acid score calculation.

The conducted studies have demonstrated that despite the less amino acid score of the concentrate, comparing with a control sample, products on its base have higher amino acid score, comparing with their cottage cheese analogues. Thus, the amino acid score of cheese cakes based on the concentrate is 84 % and exceeds the control sample, which amino acid score is 33 %, in 2.5 times. The amino acid score of cottage cheese casserole based on the concentrate is 68 % and exceeds the control sample in 1.7 times. The amino acid score parameter of protein stuffing is 94 % that exceeds the control sample with score 36 % in 2.6 times. The amino acid score of biscuits based on the concentrate is 26 % that exceeds the score of a cottage cheese analogue in 2 times.

The obtained results may be used for elaborating and correcting the food ration for the population under conditions of protein deficiency.
INVESTIGATION OF THE CONSERVATION OF VITAMINS AND MICROELEMENTS DURING STORAGE IN BOILED-SMOKED SAUSAGES WITH ENRICHED LEGUMINOUS FLOUR
Authors: Biletska Yana , Ryzhkova Taisіa , Perepelytsia Anna , Husliev Andrii
Published: June 2020

There has been studied the conservation of vitamins and microelements in boiled-smoked sausages, using enriched leguminous flour. The research object is boiled-smoked sausages, in which recipes there were used sprout flour of soya and nut that are carriers of vitamins А, Е, С, В6, В9, В12 and microelements, including iodine and selenium, as an enriching ingredient. One of problems for today is an increase of the population with endocrine disorders. It is possible to prevent this problem by timely prophylaxis as consumption of products with iodine. Modern studies in molecular pharmacology have proved that for assimilating iodine by the organism, the “presence” of other nutrients, intensifying its assimilability and being its synergists is needed. The method of inversion voltamperometry and the one of high-effective liquid chromatography were used in the study.

It has been established, that sausage products contain in their composition after 30 days of storage vitamins: А – 0.4; Е – 0.3; С – 17; В6 – 0.32; В9 – 0.4; В12 – 0.03, mg/100g. And microelements: Fe – 5.0; Mg – 340, Z – 8.5, Cu – 0.95; Se – 0,026; І – 0,025, mg/100g. That satisfies: 50; 150; 30,9; 150; 200; 100 % of the daily need in vitamins А; Е; С; В6; В9; В12, respectively and 50; 97; 85; 95; 37; 37.5 % of the daily need in microelements Fe; Mg; Z; Cu; Se; І, respectively. Comparing with a control recipe, enriched products have the increased content of nutrients – iodine synergists that provide essential advantages, “covering” deficiency conditions in other substances, needed for iodine assimilation. Let’s assume that it will be an effective prophylaxis for persons with iodine-deficiency diseases
THE STUDY OF LOW-LACTOSE MILK WHEY STRUCTURE AND MODEL SYSTEMS ON ITS BASIS
Authors: Gnitsevych Victoriya , Yudina Tatiana , Honchar Yuliia , Vasylieva Olena , Diachuk Liudmyla
Published: June 2020

This study developed a technology of low-lactose semi-finished products, based on fermented whey and pumpkin pulp puree, and offered a possibility of its use in the technology of structured culinary products. This research carried out the required substantiation of the methods of preliminary processing of raw materials, and studied the technological properties and structure of model compositions with their use.

During the experiment, a number of studies were carried out, which substantiated the method and modes of condensation of whey, and provided a comparative analysis of the homogeneity of lactose-free and lactose-containing samples of whey under various modes of condensation.

The study obtained the results of calculations of the equivalent diameter of the studied samples of lactose-containing and low-lactose whey, condensed by the contact method and in vacuum. It was found, that the structure is homogeneous at a number average crystal diameter of up to 5 μm. The restriction is valid for CLLWV with a calculated diameter of about 3.84 μm with a coefficient of variation of 1.35 % with an increase of 10,000 times.

The study revealed the alternation of smooth and granular sections of the micron level (0.1 ... 5 μm) in the structure of the studied low-lactose semi-finished product with an increase of 300 times. It was determined, that the extremum of the differential curve of the particle size distribution of CLLWV corresponds to the number average crystal diameter of 3.84 μm. It was established, that the most homogeneous fractional composition is inherent in the studied sample of CLLWV, for which the values of fraction diameters are in the range from 1.46 μm to 4.96 μm. The optimal ratio of the components of the model CLLWV: FPPP system was determined as 70 % to 30 % respectively. With this composition, the model system is characterized by the formation of protein-pectin complexes, which is confirmed by microscopy with a magnification of 90 times
SPECTRUM AND FREQUENCY OF NK CELL RECEPTOR GENES AMONG CYSTIC FIBROSIS PATIENTS
Authors: Zastavna Danuta , Sosnina Kateryna , Terpyliak Oresta , Makukh Halyna , Tretiak Bogdan , Bober Ludmyla , Tyrka Miroslav
Published: June 2020

Aim – to establish and analyze the spectrum of KIR genes in people with a confirmed diagnosis of Cystic fibrosis (CF), homozygote of F508del mutation of the СFTR gene for understanding the genetic predisposition of congenital immunity key part functioning during CF.

Materials and Methods. Examined 48 people with a confirmed diagnosis of CF, homozygotes of the F508del mutation of the CFTR gene, and 104 practically healthy people without the F508del mutation of the CFTR gene from the control group. The following molecular genetic methods were used: DNA extraction from peripheral blood cells, KIR genotyping by PCR-SSP for the presence or absence of the 14 KIR genes (KIR2DL1, 2DL2, 2DL3, 2DL4, 2DL5, 2DS1, 2DS2, 2DS3, 2DS4, 2DS5, 3DL1, 3DL2, 3DL3, 3DS1).

Results – molecular genetic studies of KIR-genes repertoire in the group of cystic fibrosis patients showed a decrease in the frequency of genes, responsible for activating NK cells receptors. Of the five examined NK cell activation genes, one gene was completely absent, namely 2DS4, and another (2DS1) was detected in only 3 of 48 patients examined, which was 6.25 %, and this figure is significantly lower in comparison with the control group (c2=4.801, p<0.05). Regarding the genes of NK-cell inhibitory receptors, all investigated genes were detected in the study group (8 in general). By detection frequency, they mostly correspond to the control group, with the exception of the 2DL3 gene, found in patients with CF with a significantly lower frequency (c2=11.97, p<0.005).

Conclusion – for the first time in the group of patients with CF, a study was performed on the frequency and spectrum of KIR-genes, responsible for NK cell receptors. Reducing the frequency of activation NK cell receptor genes in patients with CF can lead to a weakening of congenital immunity and the severity of infectious processes during CF
Auditor’s verification of a management report: implementation of European experience in Ukrainian banks in crisis conditions
Authors: Makarenko Inna , Makarenko Serhiy
Published: June 2020

The research is devoted to the analysis of the European and Ukrainian experience of banks’ management report audit assurance, the disclosure of the national features of such assurance using the case study of 75 state-owned banks, banks with private and foreign capital in Ukraine, and the specific features of audit verification of this report in the current crisis conditions. It was discovered that the requirements of national regulatory documents and guidelines for preparing a management report for banking institutions generally comply with the European approaches, particularly with Directive 2014/95/EU, Directive 2013/34/EU, and Directive 2014/56/EU (Legislation of EU, 2013, 2014). However, specific national requirements for the content of the report and the procedure for its audit are duplicated, intersect, and create inaccuracies in the disclosure of non-financial information by banks. Besides, the requirements for the reflection of the information on the management report in the independent auditors’ report of the studied banks of Ukraine are partially met. The common challenges for accounting and audit support for the management report for Ukrainian and European banks are disclosed in terms of the current crisis caused by global health risks and their economic consequences for banks.
The impact of banking risk on regional development banks in Indonesia
Authors: Karamoy Herman , Elly Tulung Joy
Published: June 2020

Financial performance of a bank represents its financial condition for a certain period of time, either in relation to fund raising or fund allocation, which is usually observed for several indicators, such as capital adequacy, liquidity, and bank profitability. In banking industries, profitability is the most accurate indicator to measure bank performance. Instruments used to measure profitability are Return on Equity (ROE) and Return on Assets (ROA). In this study, the impact of banking risk is analyzed using the ratio of Non-Performing Loans (NPL), Net Interest Margin (NIM), the Loan-to-Deposit ratio (LDR), and the ratio of Operational Cost to Operational Income (OCOI/BOPO) on financial performance of regional development banks in Indonesia. The data used in this study were obtained from the annual reports disseminated on the website of each bank. The number of samples includes 26 Indonesian regional development banks for 2013–2015. The study includes 4 hypotheses for testing. The results show that simultaneously, NPL, NIM, LDR, and OBOI/BOPO are significant to ROA; while NPLs are significant and negatively affect ROA, NIM is significant and positively affects ROA, LDR is not significant and negatively affects ROA, and OCOI/BOPO is significant and negatively affects ROA. This means the banks should minimize the ratio of NPLs, LDR, and BOPO, as they have a negative influence on ROA. Conversely, banks should maximize the ratio of NIM since the latter has a positive effect on ROA.
Management of ischemic risk events in patients with multifocal atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Barbarash O. L. , Kashtalap V. V.
Published: June 2020

The review article presents current positions about prevalence of multifocal atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Existing approaches to the assessment and management of high risk of ischemic events in such patients are identified. Based on the results of clinical trials, the main positions have been identified on risk prevention of cardiovascular complications in patients with combination of multifocal atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The results of the COMPASS study on the use of a combination of rivaroxaban 2.5 mg twice a day and a low dose of acetylsalicylic acid in patients with CAD and/or multifocal atherosclerosis are presented, which is accompanied by a significant reduction in the risk of cardiovascular events. This approach demonstrated a increase in the risk of massive bleedings, but mainly in the first year of treatment and without significant subsequent increase. At the same time, in the group of combination therapy rivaroxaban and acetylsalicylic acid there was no increase in the frequency of the most severe bleeding - fatal, intracranial and into the critical organs, compared to the group of monotherapy of acetylsalicylic acid. These two facts show a perfectly acceptable level of hemorrhagic risk for translation into real clinical practice. Hemorrhagic risk management capabilities were considered in a CoMPASS study by prescribing proton pump inhibitors to patients. The data on the COMPASS sub-analysis on evaluation of effectiveness and safety of combined antithrombotic therapy in patients with CAD and/or multifocal atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus are presented. They showed the possibility of usage such approach in patient management in routine clinical practice. Patients with very high risk of ischemic events: ischemic heart disease and multifocal atherosclerosis, as well as type 2 diabetes mellitus, particularly need to improve approaches to antithrombotic therapy.
Removal of hazardous substances in municipal wastewater treatment plants
Authors: Kõrgmaa Vallo , Laht Mailis , Rebane Riin , Lember Erki , Pachel Karin , Kriipsalu Mait , Tenno Taavo , Iital Arvo
Published: June 2020

Chemical pollution poses a threat to the aquatic environment and to human health. Wastewater treatment plants are the last defensive line between the aquatic environment and emissions of pollutants. This study focuses on identification of most relevant hazardous substances in Estonian municipal wastewater and their fate in the treatment process. During this study, seasonal wastewater and sewage sludge samples were collected from nine municipal wastewater treatment plants and analyzed for 282 hazardous substances, including EU (n = 45) and Estonian (n = 31) priority substances. Results of this study show that several substances that are subject to international restrictions (e.g. Stockholm Convention) are still present in untreated sewage. Wastewater treatment systems that had a greater level of complexity (TEC >5) were more successful in removing hazardous substances. Statistical analyses showed that removal efficiency of organic hazardous substances had significant (p-value <0.05) linear correlation with removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS), but a monotonic relationship with operators' competency. This study showed that operators' competency had a strong influence on the stability of the wastewater treatment efficiency and removal of organic hazardous substances.
“Pode o subalterno falar?”
Authors: Sousa Dias Mariana
Published: June 2020

O presente trabalho analisa a (re)criação de vozes silenciadas pelo colonizador em A gloriosa família, obra publicada pelo escritor angolano Pepetela em 1997. Se o romance tem Baltazar van Dum como protagonista, não é ele, entretanto, quem nos apresenta os fatos, mas sim seu inseparável escravo, um narrador analfabeto e mudo de nascença. Por meio de tal impossibilidade de base essencialmente metaficcional, Pepetela problematiza a marginalização operada pela destituição da palavra, reforçando-a como elemento crucial para a construção de subalternidades. Para tratarmos das estratégias utilizadas pelo autor para a composição da fala do sujeito subalterno, emudecido pela violência colonial portuguesa, recorreremos a pesquisadores como Homi K. Bhabha (2007, 2010), Linda Hutcheon (1991), Mbembe (2014) e Gayatry Spivak (2010).
Agricultural Wastes For Electricity Generation Using Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Rojas Flores Segundo , Naveda Renny Nazario , Paredes Evelyn Abanto , Orbegoso Jessica Alza , Céspedes Tiffany Cruz , Salvatierra Angie Rodríguez , Rodríguez Milagros Sánchez
Published: June 2020

Background:

Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) are promising devices that enable the employment of discarded organic matter, typically gathered around food supply chains, to generate electricity.

Aims:

In this work, low-cost MFCs in the absence of a proton exchange membrane were fabricated.

Methods:

They were built on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic tubes with square acrylic sheets at the ends serving as a framework of anode/cathode chambers and using zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) metals as electrodes. Tomatoes, onions, and potatoes were used as substrates in MFCs and monitored for 21 days. Variables of interest such as voltage, current, pH, and volume were measured through a 100 Ω resistor.

Results:

The voltage measurements for the onion-based cell showed an upward trend that reaches a peak of 1.01 volts on the last day. Moreover, the greatest current generation was observed in onion cells, in which the current gradually increases from 10.2 to 24.7 mA on the last day. On the other hand, in all substrates, pH ranged from 7.5 and 10, which indicates the slightly alkaline behavior of the solutions.

Conclusion:

A reduction in the volume of the substrate was observed during the voltage generation. Finally, during the last day, MFCs were connected in series which allowed for the successful generation of 2.35 volts, and consequently, illumination of LED light.
Studi Komparasi Kriging dan IDW untuk Estimasi Spasial Bahan Organik Tanah
Authors: Arif Nursida
Published: June 2020

Interpolasi merupakan metode yang dapat diunggulkan untuk melakukan prediksi nilai-nilai sebaran pada suatu area berdasarkan data sampel. Karakteristik data sampel sangat mempengaruhi hasil dari metode interpolasi yang digunakan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membandingkan metode interpolasi Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) dan kriging dengan berbagai variogram untuk memprediksi sebaran spasial bahan organik tanah di DAS Serang Kulonprogo. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengukur metode yang paling akurat yaitu: 1) menghitung root mean square error (RMSE), dan 2) melihat nilai minimum dan maksimum yang memenuhi data sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukan metode IDW lebih akurat karena nilai yang dihasilkan mendekati nilai data sampel dan memenuhi nilai minimum dan maksimum data. Sedangkan RMSE terendah yaitu kriging dengan variogram gaussian.
Development Strategy of Mangrove Ecotourism Centre at Pantai Indah Kapuk as an Attraction at DKI Jakarta
Authors: Febriyanto Okky
Published: June 2020

Mangrove Ecotourism Centre Pantai Indah Kapuk is a tourism destination in Jakarta that managed by Ministry of Forestry. Mangrove ecosystem at Mangrove Ecotourism Centre Pantai Indah Kapuk has natural resources for ecotourism. From that potential, can defined the accurate strategy for Mangrove ecosystem at Mangrove Ecotourism Centre Pantai Indah Kapuk developing. The result showed that the determined alternative strategy aim to reach the short term and long term objective at Mangrove Ecotourism Centre Pantai Indah Kapuk, that is develop all potential which covering destination, promotion and human resources owned as an alternative tourism by focusing on sustainable tourism in the capital city of Indonesia, DKI Jakarta. Creates opportunities for coaching people around the destination to do development and management of mangrove to increase public income. Create synergy among developer, government,community, and the third parties in the development of destination, promotion and human resources to reach a joint purpose.
KARAKTER TUANG DALAM BUDAYA MASYARAKAT KAMPUNG ADAT CIREUNDEU
Authors: Mu'min U. Abdullah
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap makna tuang bagi masyarakat Cireundeu. Tuang tidak sekedar bahasa simbolik, namum mengandung makna budaya, tradisi, adat istiadat bahkan ritual adat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi dan studi literatur. Dihasilkan dari penelitian ini, tuang dimaknai bukan sekedar hajat jasmaniah semata, tapi hakikat-nya sumber kekuatan spiritual dengan singkong sebagai kebutuhan pokok. Istilah teu dahar asal kuat, bermakna filosofis sebagai sumber kekuatan, kehidupan, dan kemandirian bagi masyarakat Cireundeu. This study aims to reveal the meaning of Tuang for the people of Cireundeu. Tuang is not just a symbolic language, but contains the meaning of culture, tradition, customs and even traditional rituals. This study uses a qualitative approach to the case study method. Collecting data through observation, interviews, documentation and literature studies. As a result of this research, pour is interpreted not merely as a physical necessity, but the essence of the source of spiritual strength with cassava as a basic need. The term "teu dahar asal kuat", philosophical meaning as a source of strength, life, and independence for the people of Cireundeu.
STRATEGI PADEPOKAN KARAKTER DALAM MEMPERKUAT KARAKTER BERPIKIR KRITIS PADA WARGA NEGARA MUDA ABAD 21
Authors: Sutiyono Sutiyono , Prasetyo Danang
Published: June 2020

Universitas Negeri Semarang sebagai lembaga pendidikan tinggi memiliki tanggung jawab menciptakan lulusan yang berkarakter. Inovasi yang dilakukan oleh Universitas Negeri Semarang adalah menciptakan Padepokan Karakter yang merupakan inovasi di bidang pendidikan karakter. Salah satu focus Padepokan Karakter adalah mengembangkan model pembelajaran berbasis nilai untuk menguatkan berpikir kritis mahasiswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi secara kualitatif strategi Padepokan Karakter Universitas Negeri Semarang dengan model pembelajaran berbasis bursa nilai sebagai upaya menguatkan karakter berpikir kritis mahasiswa di abad 21. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode fenomenologi. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Padepokan Karakter Universitas Negeri Semarang. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik dokumentasi, observasi, dan wawancara. Analisis data menggunakan model interaktif dari Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Padepokan Karakter yang dibentuk oleh Universitas Negeri Semarang telah mampu memperkuat karakter mahasiswa, terutama dalam kakakter berpikir kritis. Metode yang dikembangkan dalam Padepokan Karakter tersebut yaitu model pembelajaran berbasis bursa nilai. Hasil penelitian ini mendukung teori tentang berpikir kritis yang mencakup kemampuan menganalisis, mengevaluasi, menilai, dan memecahkan suatu masalah. Kata kunci: strategi Padepokan Karakter, berpikir kritis, warga negara muda. THE STRATEGY OF PADEPOKAN KARAKTER IN STRENGTEN CRITICAL THINKING CHARACTER ON YOUNG CITIZENS IN THE 21ST CENTURY Abstract: Universitas Negeri Semarang as an institution of higher education has the responsibility of creating graduates with noble character. The innovation undertaken by Universitas Negeri Semarang is creating Padepokan Karakter which is an innovation in the field of character education. One focus of Padepokan Karakter is developing value-based learning models to strengthen students’ critical thinking. This study aims to qualitatively identify the strategy of Padepokan Karakter in Universitas Negeri Semarang with a value exchange-based learning model as an effort to strengthen the character of students’ critical thinking in the 21st century. This study uses a qualitative approach with a phenomenological method. This research was conducted at Padepokan Karakter in Universitas Negeri Semarang. Data collection uses documentation, observation, and interview techniques. Data analysis uses interactive models of Miles and Huberman. The results showed that the Padepokan Karakter formed by Universitas Negeri Semarang has been able to strengthen the character of students, especially in critical thinking. The method developed in the Padepokan Karakter is a value-based learning model. The results of this study support the theory of critical thinking that includes the ability to analyze, evaluate, assess, and solve a problem. Keywords: strategy of Padepokan Karakter, critical thinking, young citizens
Источник терагерцевого излучения в открытое пространство на основе распределенного джозефсоновского перехода
Authors: Кинев Н.В. , Рудаков К.И. , Филиппенко Л.В. , Кошелец В.П. , Барышев А.М.
Published: June 2020

A source of terahertz (THz) frequency range based on a long Josephson junction is proposed and studied experimentally. The emission is transmitted to open space using a slot antenna located on a single chip with the oscillator and matched to collecting lens. We fabricated and studied several designs of the emitter developed for frequency ranges of 250 – 410 GHz, 330 – 530 GHz and 390 – 700 GHz with continuous frequency tuning. The spectral characteristics of output emission are studied using a THz spectrometer based on the superconducting receiver with spectral resolution of about 0.1 MHz. The antenna characteristics in full range of operation are studied using a cooled silicon bolometer with high sensitivity. Experimental results match to numerical simulations.
The research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Project No. 17-79-20343). The fabrication of samples was carried out using the Unique Science Unit (USU #352529), developed within the framework of the state task.
О возможности изготовления мостиков YBCO с совершенной поверхностью, критической температурой более 88 K и плотностью критического тока до 5·10-=SUP=-6-=/SUP=- A/cm-=SUP=-2-=/SUP=-
Authors: Мастеров Д.В. , Павлов С.А. , Парафин А.Е. , Скороходов Е.В.
Published: June 2020

In the fabrication of YBCO structures by traditional methods, as a rule, some compromise is reached, namely, films with acceptable morphology are used, but with reduced electrophysical parameters. In this paper, it is shown that YBCO bridges up to 4 microns wide with perfect surface morphology, i.e. free from defects, with a critical current density Jc ≥ 3106 A/cm2 at a temperature T = 77 K and a critical temperature Tс ≥ 88 K. can be obtained using the preliminary topology mask method. Moreover, the perfect morphology of the bridge surface, the values of the critical current density and the critical temperature are preserved even after repeated (additional) deposition of the YBCO layer on the structure with the preliminary topology mask. Based on the results obtained in a series of fifteen samples, it is concluded that, in contrast to the electrophysical characteristics, it is not enough to fix the standard (basic) parameters of the growth process for the stable implementation of the perfect surface morphology of YBCO films.
Управление сверхпроводящими переходами нанопроводов с использованием затворов без гальванической связи для создания электронных устройств на основе сверхпроводников
Authors: Гурович Б.А. , Приходько К.Е. , Кутузов Л.В. , Гончаров Б.В.
Published: June 2020

The paper shows the possibility of switching a nanowire from NbN from the superconducting state to the normal state in a non-contact way by passing current through a gate that is placed at a certain distance from the nanowire. The gate is separated from the nanowire by an Al2O3 layer and contains integrated resistor formed under ion irradiation. It were experimentally found the dependences of the minimum power released at the gate, sufficient to transfer the nanowire to its normal state, depending on the value of the direct current through the nanowire. Based on this principle, a signal inverter has been created that contains three consecutive stages, which shows the potential use of this technique for forming the elemental logical base of a cryogenic computer.