bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inhaled Birch Pollen Extract Induces Airway Hyperresponsiveness via Oxidative Stress but Independently of Pollen-Intrinsic NADPH Oxidase Activity, or the TLR4–TRIF Pathway
Authors: Shalaby Karim H. , Allard-Coutu Alexandra , O’Sullivan Michael J. , Nakada Emily , Qureshi Salman T. , Day Brian J. , Martin James G.
Published: June 2013

Oxidative stress in allergic asthma may result from oxidase activity or proinflammatory molecules in pollens. Signaling via TLR4 and its adaptor Toll–IL-1R domain–containing adapter inducing IFN-β (TRIF) has been implicated in reactive oxygen species–mediated acute lung injury and in Th2 immune responses. We investigated the contributions of oxidative stress and TLR4/TRIF signaling to experimental asthma induced by birch pollen exposure exclusively via the airways. Mice were exposed to native or heat-inactivated white birch pollen extract (BPEx) intratracheally and injected with the antioxidants, N-acetyl-l-cysteine or dimethylthiourea, prior to sensitization, challenge, or all allergen exposures, to assess the role of oxidative stress and pollen-intrinsic NADPH oxidase activity in allergic sensitization, inflammation, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Additionally, TLR4 signaling was antagonized concomitantly with allergen exposure, or the development of allergic airway disease was evaluated in TLR4 or TRIF knockout mice. N-acetyl-l-cysteine inhibited BPEx-induced eosinophilic airway inflammation and AHR except when given exclusively during sensitization, whereas dimethylthiourea was inhibitory even when administered with the sensitization alone. Heat inactivation of BPEx had no effect on the development of allergic airway disease. Oxidative stress–mediated AHR was also TLR4 and TRIF independent; however, TLR4 deficiency decreased, whereas TRIF deficiency increased BPEx-induced airway inflammation. In conclusion, oxidative stress plays a significant role in allergic sensitization to pollen via the airway mucosa, but the pollen-intrinsic NADPH oxidase activity and TLR4 or TRIF signaling are unnecessary for the induction of allergic airway disease and AHR. Pollen extract does, however, activate TLR4, thereby enhancing airway inflammation, which is restrained by the TRIF-dependent pathway.
SASH1 Is a Scaffold Molecule in Endothelial TLR4 Signaling
Authors: Dauphinee Shauna M. , Clayton Ashley , Hussainkhel Angela , Yang Cindy , Park Yoo-Jin , Fuller Megan E. , Blonder Josip , Veenstra Timothy D. , Karsan Aly
Published: June 2013

Recognition of microbial products by TLRs is critical for mediating innate immune responses to invading pathogens. In this study, we identify a novel scaffold protein in TLR4 signaling called SAM and SH3 domain containing protein 1 (SASH1). Sash1 is expressed across all microvascular beds and functions as a scaffold molecule to independently bind TRAF6, TAK1, IκB kinase α, and IκB kinase β. This interaction fosters ubiquitination of TRAF6 and TAK1 and promotes LPS-induced NF-κB, JNK, and p38 activation, culminating in increased production of proinflammatory cytokines and increased LPS-induced endothelial migration. Our findings suggest that SASH1 acts to assemble a signaling complex downstream of TLR4 to activate early endothelial responses to receptor activation.
Longitudinal and Integrative Biomodeling of Effector and Memory Immune Compartments after Inactivated Influenza Vaccination
Authors: Bonduelle Olivia , Yahia Nora , Siberil Sophie , Benhabiles Nora , Carrat Fabrice , Krivine Anne , Rozenberg Flore , Dimitrov Jordan , Kaveri Srini V. , Curjol Angélique , Tindel Malka , Louet Martine , Desert Florent , Launay Odile , Loulergue Pierre , Badre Gwenaelle , Katlama Christine , Bricaire François , Samri Assia , Rousset Dominique , van der Werf Sylvie , Jauréguiberry Stephane , Combadiere Behazine
Published: June 2013

Most vaccines, including those against influenza, were developed by focusing solely on humoral response for protection. However, vaccination activates different adaptive compartments that might play a role in protection. We took advantage of the pandemic 2009 A(H1N1) influenza vaccination to conduct a longitudinal integrative multiparametric analysis of seven immune parameters in vaccinated subjects. A global analysis underlined the predominance of induction of humoral and CD4 T cell responses, whereas pandemic 2009 A(H1N1)–specific CD8 responses did not improve after vaccination. A principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering of individuals showed a differential upregulation of influenza vaccine–specific immunity including hemagglutination inhibition titers, IgA+ and IgG+ Ab-secreting cells, effector CD4 or CD8 T cell frequencies at day 21 among individuals, suggesting a fine-tuning of the immune parameters after vaccination. This is related to individual factors including the magnitude and quality of influenza-specific immune responses before vaccination. We propose a graphical delineation of immune determinants that would be essential for a better understanding of vaccine-induced immunity in vaccination strategies.
HLA-A*01:03, HLA-A*24:02, HLA-B*08:01, HLA-B*27:05, HLA-B*35:01, HLA-B*44:02, and HLA-C*07:01 Monochain Transgenic/H-2 Class I Null Mice: Novel Versatile Preclinical Models of Human T Cell Responses
Authors: Boucherma Rachid , Kridane-Miledi Hédia , Bouziat Romain , Rasmussen Michael , Gatard Tanja , Langa-Vives Francina , Lemercier Brigitte , Lim Annick , Bérard Marion , BenMohamed Lbachir , Buus Søren , Rooke Ronald , Lemonnier François A.
Published: June 2013

We have generated a panel of transgenic mice expressing HLA-A*01:03, -A*24:02, -B*08:01, -B*27:05, -B*35:01, -B*44:02, or -C*07:01 as chimeric monochain molecules (i.e., appropriate HLA α1α2 H chain domains fused with a mouse α3 domain and covalently linked to human β2-microglobulin). Whereas surface expression of several transgenes was markedly reduced in recipient mice that coexpressed endogenous H-2 class I molecules, substantial surface expression of all human transgenes was observed in mice lacking H-2 class I molecules. In these HLA monochain transgenic/H-2 class I null mice, we observed a quantitative and qualitative restoration of the peripheral CD8+ T cell repertoire, which exhibited a TCR diversity comparable with C57BL/6 WT mice. Potent epitope-specific, HLA-restricted, IFN-γ–producing CD8+ T cell responses were generated against known reference T cell epitopes after either peptide or DNA immunization. HLA-wise, these new transgenic strains encompass a large proportion of individuals from all major human races and ethnicities. In combination with the previously created HLA-A*02:01 and -B*07:02 transgenic mice, the novel HLA transgenic mice described in this report should be a versatile preclinical animal model that will speed up the identification and optimization of HLA-restricted CD8+ T cell epitopes of potential interest in various autoimmune human diseases and in preclinical evaluation of T cell–based vaccines.
The role of anxiety in binge eating behavior: a critical examination of theory and empirical literature
Authors: Rosenbaum Diane L. , White Kamila S.
Published: June 2013

The purpose of this manuscript is to expand the understanding of binge eating by reviewing the role of aspects of negative affect. Specifically, this paper will present evidence for further investigation of the bearing that anxiety may have in binge eating development and maintenance. A comprehensive review of the literature regarding the relation of binge eating and anxiety was performed. Valuable contributions have been made to the binge eating literature regarding some aspects of negative affect (i.e., depression); however, outside of bulimia nervosa studies, much of the theoretical and empirical binge eating research to date has not directly addressed the role of anxiety. Research supports expansion of investigations of negative emotionality and binge eating to include specific study of anxiety. Greater inclusivity and specificity in the unique contributions of various negative emotions may further the development of temporal models and intervention efforts.
A theoretical reflection on the implications of the philosophy of technology for teacher education.
Authors: Ankiewicz Piet
Published: June 2013

Since the implementation of technology as relatively new school subject, challenges are constantly being posed to higher education institutions (HEIs), and in particular those engaged in teacher training and the professional development of technology teachers. Teacher training programmes had to be developed and implemented within a limited time frame in comparison to other school subjects, despite a lack of previous experience of an appropriate academic discipline, subject methodology and classroom pedagogy. Furthermore, implications on organisational and managerial level regarding its accommodation within existing structures of faculties, schools and departments at HEIs had to be accounted for. The purpose of the article was to investigate how a scientifically founded philosophical framework of technology might guide teacher training at HEIs. The following research questions served as point of departure: in which way can a scientifically founded philosophical framework of technology be indicative regarding a relevant: (1) Subject methodology of technology? (2) Underlying academic discipline for undergraduate technology education students? In answer to the first question, it was found that it is important for programme developers, coordinators and subject methodology lecturers at HEIs to acquaint themselves sufficiently with a philosophical framework for technology to direct the technology teacher’s training and professional development. It seems viable to keep subject methodology of technology autonomous, with only one lecturer responsible, and that technology education students should be conversant in the philosophical framework for technology. In answer to the second question HEIs should urgently determine the nature and composition of the relevant academic disciplines underpinning the undergraduate qualification of a specialised technology teacher. Mechanisms should also be created to forge a relationship between the academic discipline and the pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) of technology education students.
Utility of mobile devices in the computerized tomography evaluation of intracranial hemorrhage
Authors: Panughpath Sridhar G , Kumar Savith , Kalyanpur Arjun
Published: June 2013

Aim: To evaluate the utility of a mobile device to detect and assess intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) on head computed tomographys (CT) performed in the emergency setting. Materials and Methods: 100 head CT scans were randomly selected from our emergency radiology database and anonymized for patient demographics and clinical history. The studies were independently interpreted by two experienced radiologists in a blinded manner, initially on a mobile device (iPad, Apple computers) and subsequently, at an interval of one week, on a regular desktop workstation. Evaluation was directed towards detection, localization and characterization of hemorrhage. The results were assessed for accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value. Statistical significance was ascertained using Fisher′s exact test. Results: 27 of the examinations were positive for ICH, of which 11 had multiple hemorrhages. Of these there were 17 subdural, 18 intraparenchymal, 8 subarachnoid, 4 intraventricular and 2 extradural hemorrhages. In 96 of the studies there was complete concurrence between the iPad and desktop interpretations for both radiologists. Of 49 hemorrhages, 48 were accurately detected on the iPad by one of the radiologists. In the remaining case, a tiny intraventricular hemorrhage was missed by both radiologists on the iPad as well as on the workstation, indicating that the miss was more likely related to the very small size of the hemorrhage than the viewer used. Conclusion: We conclude that in the emergency setting, a mobile device with appropriate web-based pictue archiving and communication system (PACS) is effective in the detection of intracranial hemorrhage present on head CT.
Multimodality imaging of carotid atherosclerotic plaque: Going beyond stenosis
Authors: Hingwala Divyata , Kesavadas Chandrasekharan , Sylaja Padmavathy N , Thomas Bejoy , Kapilamoorthy Tirur Raman
Published: June 2013

Apart from the degree of stenosis, the morphology of carotid atherosclerotic plaques and presence of neovascularization are important factors that may help to evaluate the risk and ′vulnerability′ of plaques and may also influence the choice of treatment. In this article, we aim to describe the techniques and imaging findings on CTA, high resolution MRI and contrast enhanced ultrasound in the evaluation of carotid atherosclerotic plaques. We also discuss a few representative cases from our institute with the related clinical implications.
Quantitative Evaluation and Comparison of Stress Transmission Characteristics of Bar-Clip and Short Coping Overdenture Attachments Under Dynamic Loading: A Photoelastic Stress Analysis
Authors: Gupta Anurag , Dwivedi Alok , Vyas Rajesh
Published: June 2013

Statement of problem

When two canine abutment teeth are used to support an overdenture prosthesis, optimal stress distribution to minimize forces to abutments is desired.

Purpose

This study used photoelastic stress analysis to compare the stress patterns generated around canine abutments using two different overdenture retainer designs.

Materials and methods

Two canine abutments were anchored in the photoelastic mandible and overdentures were fabricated using two different overdenture attachments. The fitting surface of dentures were lined with resilient layer of light bodied silicon rubberbase impression material to simulate oral mucosa. The attachments used were Bar-Clip and Short coping type. Verticalload of 5 to 50 lb was applied by jaw simulator. Resultant stress fringes were photographed and evaluated quantitatively.

Results

Bar-Clip type of attachment transmitted more amount of stress than short coping type transmitted. There was gross difference in magnitude of stresses between two types of retainers.

Conclusion

As the retentivity of the attachment increased there was more stress concentration around the abutments.

How to cite this article

Dwivedi A, Vyas R, Gupta A. Quantitative Evaluation and Comparison of Stress Transmission Characteristics of Bar-Clip and Short Coping Overdenture Attachments Under Dynamic Loading: A Photoelastic Stress Analysis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(2):287-292.
Insights into mechanisms governing forest carbon response to nitrogen deposition: a model–data comparison using observed responses to nitrogen addition
Authors: Thomas R. Q. , Bonan G. B. , Goodale C. L.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. In many forest ecosystems, nitrogen (N) deposition enhances plant uptake of carbon dioxide, thus reducing climate warming from fossil fuel emissions. Therefore, accurately modeling how forest carbon (C) sequestration responds to N deposition is critical for understanding how future changes in N availability will influence climate. Here, we use observations of forest C response to N inputs along N deposition gradients and at five temperate forest sites with fertilization experiments to test and improve a global biogeochemical model (CLM-CN 4.0). We show that the CLM-CN plant C growth response to N deposition was smaller than observed and the modeled response to N fertilization was larger than observed. A set of modifications to the CLM-CN improved the correspondence between model predictions and observational data (1) by increasing the aboveground C storage in response to historical N deposition (1850–2004) from 14 to 34 kg C per additional kg N added through deposition and (2) by decreasing the aboveground net primary productivity response to N fertilization experiments from 91 to 57 g C m−2 yr−1. Modeled growth response to N deposition was most sensitive to altering the processes that control plant N uptake and the pathways of N loss. The response to N deposition also increased with a more closed N cycle (reduced N fixation and N gas loss) and decreased when prioritizing microbial over plant uptake of soil inorganic N. The net effect of all the modifications to the CLM-CN resulted in greater retention of N deposition and a greater role of synergy between N deposition and rising atmospheric CO2 as a mechanism governing increases in temperate forest primary production over the 20th century. Overall, testing models with both the response to gradual increases in N inputs over decades (N deposition) and N pulse additions of N over multiple years (N fertilization) allows for greater understanding of the mechanisms governing C–N coupling.
Bioavailability of riverine dissolved organic matter in three Baltic Sea estuaries and the effect of catchment land-use
Authors: Asmala E. , Autio R. , Kaartokallio H. , Pitkänen L. , Stedmon C. A. , Thomas D. N.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. The microbial degradation of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen (DOC, DON) was studied in three boreal estuaries with contrasting land use patterns (Kiiminkijoki – natural forest and peatland; Kyrönjoki – agricultural; Karjaanjoki – mixed/urban). Bioassays conducted for 12–18 days were used in 3 seasons at in situ temperatures. Besides the bulk parameters, a suite of dissolved organic matter (DOM) quality parameters were investigated, including colored DOM (CDOM), fluorescent DOM and the molecular weight of DOM. Bioavailable DOC and DON pools varied significantly between the estuaries, from 7.9% in Kiiminkijoki to 10.6% in Karjaanjoki and from 5.5% in Kiiminkijoki to 21.9% in Kyrönjoki, respectively. DOM originating from catchment dominated by natural forests and peatlands had the lowest DOC and DON degradation rates, as well as the lowest proportions of biodegradable DOC and DON. A greater proportion of agricultural land in the catchment increased the bioavailability of DON, but not the bioavailability of DOC. Also DOM quality varied significantly between the estuaries, and DOM originating from the agricultural Kyrönjoki catchment sustained higher DOC and DON degradation rates and higher bacterial growth efficiency (BGE) compared to those of the natural forest and peat dominated Kiiminkijoki catchment. The quality of DOM, indicated by differences in CDOM, fluorescent DOM and molecular weight, varied between estuaries with differing land use and was concluded to be major driver of BGE of these systems and thereafter to the microbial CO2 fluxes from the estuaries. The differences in BGE resulted in a 5-fold differences in the calculated daily bacterial CO2-emissions between the study estuaries due to bacterial activity, ranging from 40 kg C d–1 in Karjaanjoki estuary to 200 kg C d–1 in Kyrönjoki estuary. Two of the study systems (Karjaanjoki, mixed land use; Kyrönjoki, intensive agriculture) in which the DOM pool had lower DOC : DON ratio, smaller molecular weight and higher CDOM absorption spectral slope values resulted in higher proportion of the initial DOC and DON being transferred to microbial growth and therefore to the pelagic food web. The pristine, peatland and forest-dominated Kiiminkijoki catchment had the lowest BGE, and therefore proportionally highest CO2 fluxes. The slope coefficient S275–295 was a good proxy of molecular weight across estuaries and seasons, and also for different diagenetic stages of DOM during biological degradation.
Muon radiography for exploration of Mars geology
Authors: Kedar S. , Tanaka H. K. M. , Naudet C. J. , Jones C. E. , Plaut J. P. , Webb F. H.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Muon radiography is a technique that uses naturally occurring showers of muons (penetrating particles generated by cosmic rays) to image the interior of large-scale geological structures in much the same way as standard X-ray radiography is used to image the interior of smaller objects. Recent developments and application of the technique to terrestrial volcanoes have demonstrated that a low-power, passive muon detector can peer deep into geological structures up to several kilometers in size, and provide crisp density profile images of their interior at ten meter scale resolution. Preliminary estimates of muon production on Mars indicate that the near horizontal Martian muon flux, which could be used for muon radiography, is as strong or stronger than that on Earth, making the technique suitable for exploration of numerous high priority geological targets on Mars. The high spatial resolution of muon radiography also makes the technique particularly suited for the discovery and delineation of Martian caverns, the most likely planetary environment for biological activity. As a passive imaging technique, muon radiography uses the perpetually present background cosmic ray radiation as the energy source for probing the interior of structures from the surface of the planet. The passive nature of the measurements provides an opportunity for a low power and low data rate instrument for planetary exploration that could operate as a scientifically valuable primary or secondary instrument in a variety of settings, with minimal impact on the mission's other instruments and operation.
A study of the behavior of the terminator time shifts using multiple VLF propagation paths during the Pakistan earthquake (M = 7.2) of 18 January 2011
Authors: Ray S. , Chakrabarti S. K.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. On 18 January 2011, at 20:23 UTC, an earthquake of magnitude 7.2 occurred in southwestern Pakistan (latitude 28°44' N, longitude 63°56' E) at a depth of 68 km. We present the results of the analysis of very low frequency (VLF) radio signals, received at three stations located in India. We analyze the VLF signals around this earthquake day and look for possible precursory effects of this earthquake. For our analysis, we use four different VLF propagation paths. These propagation paths are DHO–IERC (Sitapur), VTX–Pune, VTX–ICSP (Indian Centre for Space Physics, Kolkata) and NWC–IERC. We observed significant shifts of the "sunrise terminator time" (SRT) for DHO–IERC and VTX–Pune paths. For DHO–IERC path, the SRT of the VLF signals shifted towards nighttime three days before the earthquake day, and in the case of VTX–Pune path it shifted towards nighttime just one day before the earthquake day. For VTX–Kolkata path, the shift of SRT is four days before the earthquake day, but here the shift is not so strong, somewhere between 2σ and 3σ lines. For the other two paths, namely, DHO–IERC and VTX–Pune, the terminator time shifts crossed the 3σ line. We found no significant shifts of SRT for NWC–IERC propagation path. Higher deviation in the VTX–Pune path as compared to VTX–ICSP path could be due to the proximity of the former to the epicenter. Similarly, DHO–IERC path is over the epicenter while NWC–IERC path is totally away from the epicenter. This could be the reason why the effect in DHO–IERC path is stronger than that in NWC–IERC path.
The combination of DInSAR and facility damage data for the updating of slow-moving landslide inventory maps at medium scale
Authors: Cascini L. , Peduto D. , Pisciotta G. , Arena L. , Ferlisi S. , Fornaro G.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Testing innovative procedures and techniques to update landslide inventory maps is a timely topic widely discussed in the scientific literature. In this regard remote sensing techniques – such as the Synthetic Aperture Radar Differential Interferometry (DInSAR) – can provide a valuable contribution to studies concerning slow-moving landslides in different geological contexts all over the world. In this paper, DInSAR data are firstly analysed via an innovative approach aimed at enhancing both the exploitation and the interpretation of remote sensing information; then, they are complemented with the results of an accurate analysis of survey-recorded damage to facilities due to slow-moving landslides. In particular, after being separately analysed to provide independent landslide movement indicators, the two datasets are combined in a DInSAR-Damage matrix which can be used to update the state of activity of slow-moving landslides. Moreover, together with the information provided by geomorphological maps, the two datasets are proven to be useful in detecting unmapped phenomena. The potentialities of the adopted procedure are tested in an area of southern Italy where slow-moving landslides are widespread and accurately mapped by using geomorphological criteria.
Review Article: Lake and breach hazard assessment for moraine-dammed lakes: an example from the Cordillera Blanca (Peru)
Authors: Emmer A. , Vilímek V.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) and related debris flows represent a significant threat in high mountainous areas across the globe. It is necessary to quantify this threat so as to mitigate their catastrophic effects. Complete GLOF hazard assessment incorporates two phases: the probability of water release from a given glacial lake is estimated through lake and breach hazard assessment while the endangered areas are identified during downstream hazard assessment. This paper outlines a number of methods of lake and breach hazard assessment, which can be grouped into three categories: qualitative, of which we outline eight; semi-quantitative, of which we outline two; and quantitative, of which we outline three. It is considered that five groups of critical parameters are essential for an accurate regionally focused hazard assessment method for moraine-dammed lakes in the Cordillera Blanca. These comprise the possibility of dynamic slope movements into the lake, the possibility of a flood wave from a lake situated upstream, the possibility of dam rupture following a large earthquake, the size of the dam freeboard (or ratio of dam freeboard), and a distinction between natural dams and those with remedial work. It is shown that none of the summarised methods uses all these criteria with, at most, three of the five considered by the outlined methods. A number of these methods were used on six selected moraine-dammed lakes in the Cordillera Blanca: lakes Quitacocha, Checquiacocha, Palcacocha, Llaca, Rajucolta, and Tararhua. The results have been compared and show that each method has certain advantages and disadvantages when used in this region. These methods demonstrate that the most hazardous lake is Lake Palcacocha.
What drives basin scale spatial variability of snow water equivalent during two extreme years?
Authors: Sexstone G. A. , Fassnacht S. R.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. This study uses a combination of field measurements and Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) operational snow data to understand the drivers of snow water equivalent (SWE) spatial variability at the basin scale. Historic snow course snowpack density observations were analyzed within a multiple linear regression snow density model to estimate SWE directly from snow depth measurements. Snow surveys were completed on or about 1 April 2011 and 2012 and combined with NRCS operational measurements to investigate the spatial variability of SWE. Bivariate relations and multiple linear regression models were developed to understand the relation of SWE with terrain and canopy variables (derived using a geographic information system (GIS)). Calculation of SWE directly from snow depth measurement using the snow density model has strong statistical performance and model validation suggests the model is transferable to independent data within the bounds of the original dataset. This pathway of estimating SWE directly from snow depth measurement is useful when evaluating snowpack properties at the basin scale, where many time consuming measurements of SWE are often not feasible. During both water year (WY) 2011 and 2012, elevation and location (UTM Easting and UTM Northing) were the most important model variables, suggesting that orographic precipitation and storm track patterns are likely consistent drivers of basin scale SWE variability. Terrain characteristics, such as slope, aspect, and curvature, were also shown to be important variables, but to a lesser extent at the scale of interest.
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases-1 as a Biological Marker in Colorectal Cancer: Influence of Smoking on Plasma Levels?
Authors: Rasmussen Louise , Ladelund Steen , Brünner Nils , Jørgensen Lars N. , Nielsen Hans J. , Sørensen Lars T.
Published: June 2013

Background

At present plasma tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) is undergoing validation as a biological marker in colorectal cancer (CRC). The clinical implementation of plasma TIMP-1 in prognosis, prediction, screening and monitoring CRC requires robust information as to the influence of preanalytical factors, including inter- and intrapersonal biological variations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible effects of smoking on the level of TIMP-1 in plasma from healthy subjects.

Materials and Methods

Forty-six never-smokers and 48 daily smokers participated in the 13-week study. Smokers were randomized into 3 groups of 16 subjects each: one group continued to smoke, a second group refrained from smoking and used a transdermal nicotine patch, and a third group refrained from smoking and used placebo patches. Plasma TIMP-1 levels were determined using ELISA.

Results

No significant differences in TIMP-1 levels could be shown between the smoking group, the 2 different abstinent smoking groups and the never-smoking group.

Conclusion

Smoking does not appear to have any influence on TIMP-1 levels in plasma collected from healthy subjects.
Detection of FHIT and p16 mRNA Deletion in Biopsy Specimens Obtained by Bronchoscopy for the Diagnosis of Lung Cancer
Authors: Chen Ping , Li Jian , Wang Yi , Zhu Li-Rong , Hu Yi-Ming , Tong Xing-Ping
Published: June 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of the deletion of fragile histidine triad (FHIT) and p16INK4a (p16) mRNA in biopsies obtained by bronchoscopy. Biopsies were analyzed using RT-PCR in 52 patients with lung cancer and 19 patients with benign lung disease. The results showed that the detection rates of FHIT and p16 gene transcript deletion were significantly higher in lung cancer patients than in patients with benign lung disease (65.4% versus 10.5%, p=0.001 and 59.6% versus 5.3%, p<0.001, respectively). The sensitivities for detecting FHIT and p16 transcript deletion in biopsies were 65.4% and 59.6% (combined 80.8%), respectively, which were markedly better than those of histology and cytology (42.3% and 34.6%, respectively; combined 57.7%). In 22 lung cancer patients with negative histology and cytology at initial bronchoscopy, FHIT and p16 mRNA loss was detected in 40.9% (9/22) and 36.4% (8/22) cases, respectively. FHIT mRNA loss was associated with smoking status in lung cancer patients. In conclusion, deletion of FHIT and p16 mRNA can be identified in biopsies obtained during bronchoscopic procedures. FHIT and p16 mRNA deletion can be used as biomarkers in the clinical diagnosis of lung cancer and may serve as adjuncts to histology and cytology in lung cancer diagnosis.
Bone Markers for Monitoring Efficacy in Patients with Bone Metastases Receiving Zoledronic Acid: A Review of Published Data
Authors: Huang Qian , Ouyang Xuenong
Published: June 2013

Bone metastases occur frequently in patients with advanced solid tumors and can create serious clinical problems that are commonly referred to as skeletal-related events. Although bisphosphonates, especially zoledronic acid, have emerged as an integral determinant of managing metastatic bone disease, their application remains a challenge because of the lack of standardized measures and their side effects. Since factors derived from bone metabolism are potentially useful to measure the efficacy of zoledronic acid, several clinical trials have investigated these bone markers with respect to their monitoring values. The results suggest that a greater decline in bone marker levels is associated with a more reduced incidence of skeletal-related events and a better improvement of symptoms. This review summarizes the available evidence on the clinical use of bone markers in monitoring zoledronic acid in various cancers with bone metastases including breast, prostate and lung cancer.
Economic Experience as Art? John Dewey's Lectures in China and the Problem of Mindless Occupational Labor
Authors: Stroud Scott R.
Published: June 2013

This article examines the importance of John Dewey's visit to China in 1919–21 to his general philosophy of meliorism. I will argue that Dewey's view of the economic realities in China, as well as his well-known work on the U.S. educational system, points to an underlying problem—that of mindless work activity. Extending past research on Dewey's notion of artful activity, I will argue that one cannot completely understand Dewey's advice to his Chinese and American audiences without reference to his theory of aesthetic experience and its relation to everyday conduct. Art as Experience then becomes an important point of departure for endeavors that seek to constructively determine what workers can do to make occupational experience more meaningful or artful. Additionally, I will argue that Dewey's reticence to explore the aesthetic in the early 1900s does not entail that this concept was not present. To the contrary, one can see his work in the 1910s and 1920s—including his experience in China—as a precursor for the account of aesthetic experience in everyday life that he finally explicates in the 1930s. In this sense, one can detect a further emphasis on the Chinese conceptual overlay of spontaneity in his evolving thought on artful activity.
Tasa de degradación ruminal de follaje de Moringa oleifera en vacas reyna usando la técnica in sacco
Authors: Gutiérrez Perla , Rocha Lester , Reyes-Sánchez Nadir , Paredes Varinia , Mendieta-Araica Bryan
Published: June 2013

Se realizó un estudio con los objetivos de determinar la tasa de degradación ruminal y calcular ecuaciones de predicción para las fracciones de materia seca, materia orgánica y proteína bruta del follaje de Moringa oleifera. El ensayo se realizó durante el período de septiembre 2009 - diciembre 2010, en la finca Santa Rosa, Universidad Nacional Agraria, Managua, Nicaragua. Se utilizaron dos vacas Reyna, secas y fistuladas en el rumen, los tratamientos fueron 9 tiempos de incubación: 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 y 120 horas con 4 repeticiones por tratamiento y vaca. Las variables evaluadas fueron: degradación de la materia seca (DMS), materia orgánica (DMO) y proteína bruta (DPB). El diseño que se utilizó fue completamente al azar con arreglo unifactorial donde se consideró el tiempo de incubación como efecto fijo. La degradabilidad de los nutrientes se estimó mediante el modelo de Ørskov y McDonald (1979); para conocer el efecto del tiempo sobre la tasa de degradabilidad se realizó análisis de varianza y la prueba honesta de Tukey para conocer las diferencias entre los tiempos de incubación. En los resultados se observó diferencias altamente significativas (P< 0.01) para todas las variables del estudio. La DMS tuvo un rango de 37.43 % a las 48 horas hasta un máximo de 64.85 % a las 120 horas, para la DMO a medida que transcurría el tiempo alcanzó un máximo de 86.7 % a las 120 horas y para la DPB incrementó de 28.18 % a las 24 horas hasta 79.92 % a las 120 horas. Se concluye que la degradabilidad del follaje de Marango lo convierte en un material interesante para la alimentación bovina en sistemas tropicales y que las ecuaciones para predicción de tasas de degradación de las fracciones materia seca, materia orgánica y proteína bruta se ajustan a los procesos fisiológicos de las vacas en estudio. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/calera.v12i18.1123 Revista Científica Vol. 12. Nº 18, p. 37-44 / junio 2012
Biological value and morphological traits of pollen of selected garlic species Allium L.
Authors: Żuraw Beata
Published: June 2013

This study was conducted in the years 1997-1999. From the collection of the UMCS Botanical Garden, nine species of garlic were selected (A. aflatunense, A. atropurpureum, A. caeruleum, A. cernuum, A. ledebourianum, A. lineare, A. sphaerocephalon, A. victorialis, A. ursinum) and one subspecies (A. scorodoprasum subsp. jajlae). Pollen grain viability was evaluated on microscopic slides stained with acetocarmine, germination ability on the agar medium and measurements of grains were made on glycerin jelly slides. The studied species were characterized by high pollen viability (87-99%) what indicates the great value of garlic flowers as a source of protein-rich feed for honey-bee and wild pollinating insects. Very low germination of pollen on the agar medium was recorded. The length of the equatorial longitudinal axis ranged from 24.3 µm to 37.5 µm and it allowed pollen of most garlic species to be classified as medium-sized grains and only the pollen of A. caeruleum and A. cernuum was included in the group of small-sized grains.
The influence of origin of Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench individuals on their inflorescence yield and germination ability
Authors: Sawilska Anna K.
Published: June 2013

Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench is a perennial of the Asteraceae family. The species is partially protected in Poland. Its inflorescence is a source of valuable herbal material. The amount of fresh and dry mass of inflorescences collected from plants growing in natural stands and those obtained from experimental plantations was analyzed. The plants growing in the plantation were obtained from in vitro cultures. Germination ability of achenes was also tested. The number of flowering shoots per plant, the number of plants per area unit as well as the fresh and dry mass of inflorescences depended significantly on the soil conditions and precipitation. Cultivation of H. arenarium gives a significantly higher fresh and dry mass of inflorescences per plant and a higher yield per area unit. The yield of herbal material from a plantation can vastly exceed that from the natural stands. Stratification of achenes prior to their germination resulted in an increase in the number of seedlings by 9.6%. Germination ability markedly decreased with time. Therefore, it is likely that the achenes form a transient seed bank. Achenes from plants obtained by in vitro method exhibited the lowest germination ability, so they should not be used as seed material.
Influência da equoterapia no desenvolvimento psicomotor de pessoas com necessidades especiais
Authors: Barbosa Gardenia De Oliveira , Munster Mey De Abreu Van
Published: June 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984686X4839A equoterapia é um processo terapêutico e educacional que utiliza o cavalo com a finalidade de proporcionar ganhos físicos e psíquicos para pessoas com necessidades especiais. Nesse estudo objetivou-se analisar a influência da equoterapia no desenvolvimento psicomotor de pessoas com necessidades especiais. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica e a partir dos artigos encontrados procedeu-se a análise por meio da leitura dos resumos e seleção dos que envolviam os aspectos psicomotores relacionados à intervenção equoterapêutica. Como resultados, foram encontrados 15 artigos relevantes ao objeto de estudo em questão, os quais apontaram evidências quanto a ganhos em habilidades motoras devido à intervenção com a utilização do cavalo. Foi possível analisar a periodicidade de publicação dos artigos, identificar as populações beneficiadas pela prática da equoterapia e as principais teorias que oferecem sustentação às pesquisas. Por meio da revisão de literatura, concluiu-se que a equoterapia pode ser uma ferramenta eficaz como intervenção nos aspectos psicomotores de pessoas com necessidades especiais. Palavras-chaves: equoterapia, psicomotricidade, necessidades especiais.
Mobilizando saberes docentes na educação física escolar: a construção do conhecimento sobre inclusão
Authors: Conceição Victor J. Santos da , Krug Hugo Norberto , Venson Edna
Published: June 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984686X6566Este estudo objetivou compreender como os professores buscam o conhecimento sobre a inclusão, para atuar com os Alunos com Necessidades Educacionais Especiais (ANEE), incluídos nas aulas de Educação Física em turmas comuns do ensino fundamental. Participaram desta pesquisa três colaboradoras, professoras de Educação Física regentes de classe no ensino fundamental. Como instrumento para a coleta de dados foi utilizada uma entrevista semi-estuturada, cujas informações foram transcritas e analisadas através do levantamento das unidades de significado e construção de categorias de análise. Os resultados mostraram que as três professoras entrevistadas tiveram contato direto com a Educação Física durante a sua vida escolar, bem como com o esporte de rendimento. Isso fez com que as mesmas optassem pela formação na área, e foi somente depois de terem um aluno incluído em suas aulas, é que foram em busca de uma especialização sobre a inclusão na Educação Física Escolar.
Avaliação do Nível de Conhecimento dos Alunos do Ensino Médio da cidade de João Pessoa com Deficiência Visual sobre as Grafias Química e Matemática Braille
Authors: Resende Filho João Batista M. de , Falcão Nathália Kellyne Silva M. , Figueirêdo Alessandra Marcone Tavores Alves de , Odebrecht Maria Fernanda Henrique
Published: June 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984686X6832O Sistema Braille é de grande importância na educação do aluno com deficiência visual, pois é através dele que o aluno entra em contato com o conhecimento escrito, sistemático e organizado. Este aluno precisa conhecer os símbolos e as normas de uso destes, para poder escrever, ler e compreender os conteúdos. O conhecimento das Grafias Química e Matemática Braille é importante para que os alunos possam compreender os textos dessas áreas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o nível de conhecimento dos alunos com deficiência visual matriculados no Ensino Médio na cidade de João Pessoa, no que tange a essas grafias. Os alunos apresentaram um conhecimento relativamente bom nos símbolos e nas normas da Grafia Matemática Braille, apresentando, na maioria dos casos, dificuldades em reconhecer símbolos pouco usuais. As principais dificuldades dos alunos estavam relacionadas à Grafia Química Braille, pois eles desconheciam grande parte dos símbolos e normas, apresentando um baixo nível de conhecimento.
Sistema de economia de fichas associado ao custo da resposta aplicados aos comportamentos de sala de aula de adolescentes com transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH)
Authors: Cruz Eduardo Chaves , Bertelli Rosangela , Marafão Agostinho Jorge Assanção
Published: June 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984686X6882O objetivo geral do presente estudo foi avaliar o impacto de um programa de economia de fichas, ou seja, reforçamento positivo, associado à punição negativa, isto é, custo da resposta, sobre o comportamento “fora da tarefa” de dois adolescentes diagnosticados com Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH). O programa consistia na atribuição ou retirada de pontos consoante a emissão de comportamento adequado ou inadequado à tarefa em execução. O sistema de pontos era efetuado através de cartas individuais, coloridas, numeradas de um a 10 pontos. Também era retirado um ponto, quando o aluno aumentava a frequência de emissão de comportamentos inadequados comparativamente à sessão anterior. Ao atingir 10 pontos, as cartas eram trocadas por privilégios (reforçadores positivos), previamente negociados com o professor. Para testar a igualdade das variâncias utilizou-se a prova de Levene e, para testar a igualdade de médias, utilizou-se o teste t de Student. A significância das diferenças entre as médias foi significativa (p 0.0001) revelando, assim, a eficácia da intervenção sobre o comportamento dos dois participantes. Concluiu-se que a ação convergente dos princípios de reforçamento positivo e punição negativa (custo da resposta) leva à resolução de comportamentos disfuncionais de crianças com TDAH em contexto da sala de aula.
Proteomic Analysis of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Savithiry S. Natarajan  , M.A. Pastor-Corrales  , `Farooq H. Khan  , `Wesley M. Garrett
Published: June 2013

The modern cultivated common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) has evolved from wild common beans distributed in Central America, Mexico and the Andean region of South America. It has been reported that wild common bean accessions have higher levels of protein content than the domesticated dry bean cultivars. However, there is limited proteomic analysis of wild or domesticated common beans. In this investigation, we reported a proteomic analysis of a wild bean from Mexico. We utilized the TCA/Acetone method for protein extraction, two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) for protein separation, and subsequent mass spectrometry (MS) for protein identification. Proteins were separated in the first dimension using pH range from 4-7. A total of 237 protein spots from the second dimension were isolated, digested with trypsin, and analyzed by MALDI/TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. We identified 141 protein spots by searching NCBI non redundant databases using the Mascot search engine and found a total of 43 unique proteins. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was employed to understand the molecular processes in which the identified common bean proteins are involved. The majority of proteins are involved in binding (41.5%) and catalytic activity (35.8%), followed by nutrient reservoir activity (7.5%), antioxidant activity (1.9%), transporter activity (3.8%), enzyme regulator activity (3.8%), structural molecule activity (1.9%), and electron carrier activity (3.8%). The results indicate that TCA/Acetone extraction and 2D-PAGE is efficient in separating common bean proteins. Further identification of these proteins by MS demonstrates the quality of this protein extraction method. These results will be useful for the development of value added common beans by alteration of protein components.
Estimation of Conformation Score in Relation to Body Measurements Using 3D Scanner in Swamp Buffaloes
Authors: Buranakarl C. , Indramangala J. , Koobkaew K. , Sanghuayphrai N. , Sanpote J. , Tanprasert C. , Phatrapornnant T. , Sukhumavasi W. , Nampimoon P.
Published: June 2013

The objective of this study was to develop the appropriate equations to estimate the conformation score both in male and female swamp buffaloes using body part measurements from 3D scanner. The buffaloes' conformation was evaluated using 3D scanning technique in 72 males and 78 females at Surin, Uthaithanee, Bangkok, Nakornpanom and Sakaew provinces of Thailand. Height (A), heart girth (B), shoulder width (C), iliac width (D), ischial tuberosity width (E), the length between shoulder and ileal wing (F, G), the length between ileal wing to ischial tuberosity (H, I), the length between shoulder to ischial tuberosity (J1, J2), tail length (K), knee circumference (L), the width measuring between the tip (M), the middle (N) and the base of horns (O), the horn length (P) and the length measured from the base to the tip of the horn on the same site (Q) were measured. The results found that A B, D, E, FG, J1J2, L and P were significantly higher along with age in both males and females. The scores obtained currently between academics and the philosophers were closely correlated in every categories in both male and females buffaloes over four and three years of age, respectively, except for the reproductive organ in females. The coefficient of determination (R2) for score prediction in male buffaloes under 4 years old was highest when body length and knee circumference were included in the equation: Score = [(0.568 J1J2) + (1.584 L) - 77.89] (R2 = 0.57, n = 19). The prime factor affecting score in male over 4 years of age was heart girth (R2 = 0.70). However, R2 was rise up to 0.85 when girdle width was included into the equation: Score = [(0.485 B) + (1.892 D) - 156.54] (n = 53). In females under 3 years old, the R2 were low in all type of equation (one traits to four traits equation; 0.25-0.42, n = 21). However, in females over 3 years of age the R2 is high (0.66) when girdle width was included in the equation : Score = [2.655 D - 91.52] (n = 57). Therefore, different traits should be used to evaluate the conformation in immature and mature males and females.