bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ON THE SOCIAL FUNCTIONS OF THE VARIANTS OF THE SERBO-CROATIAN LANGUAGE
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Egorova Maria A.
Published: May 2021

The issue of the status of languages that emerged on the basis of the Serbo-Croatian language after the collapse of Yugoslavia remains relevant until now. The standard Serbo-Croatian language arose in the 19th century as a common language of Serbs, Croats, Bosnians and Montenegrins and existed in two main variants, “western” and “eastern”, from the very outset. These variants were close enough to maintain free communication, and at the same time, each variant had symbolic significance as a marker of the corresponding ethnic group. This article provides an outline of the history of the Serbo-Croatian language from its origin to the collapse of Yugoslavia in the light of two social functions of the language, communicative (language as a means of exchanging information) and symbolic (language as a symbol of national identity).
Evaluation Information System Using UTAUT (Case Study : Ums Vocational School)
Authors: Rozaq Rais Nendy Akbar
Published: May 2021

This admissions study evaluates users and the use of models for the Vocational School information system at the Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta with the UTAUT model by Venkatesh (2003) which has been modified by adding the System Service and Information Quality variables. The respondents are 100 students. From the results of the F and T tests, it is concluded that the variables Performance Expectance, Effort Expectance, Social Influence, System Service and Information Quality have an influence on Behavioral Intention, but only Social Influence and System Service variables have a significant partial effect on Behavioral Intention. In addition, another result is the variable Facilitating Condition and Behaviural Intention simultaneously affect Behavioral Usage. Validity, reliability and assumptions of classical test data show value as a measure of this analysis.
Editorial Dossiês Saúde(s) + PPG DTI UNIFATEA + Simpósio LINK
Authors: Prado Gilbertto , Nesteriuk Sérgio , Mesquita Cristiane , Galvão Henrique Martins , Oliveira Wellington de , Ribeiro Rosinei Batista , Steagall Marcos Mortensen
Published: May 2021

Neste número do DATJournal trazemos três dossiês. No primeiro deles, que tem como editora convidada a Professora do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Design da UAM Cristiane Mesquita, temos o Dossiê das Saúde(s): Ziguezagues entre Arte, Filosofia e Design. Os textos trazem uma reflexão, deste momento, em meio à pandemia de COVID 19, à crise de valores e à guerra entre modos de existência – mas também em meio à criação e pulsação das mais diversas formas de luta e resistência.
Não é sobre mim que escrevo, é sobre o que gira ao meu redor
Authors: Preciosa Rosane
Published: May 2021

Lydia Francisconi é uma escritora, já falecida, ex-interna do Hospi­tal Psiquiátrico São Pedro de Porto Alegre, que, de 2006 a 2009, participou de uma Oficina de Criatividade lá oferecida. Foi nessa Oficina que suas pala­vras floresceram e passaram a ser escutadas. Em 2010, seus escritos dispersos foram reunidos e se tornaram um livro que recebeu o título de ¨"O Sol que gira". A ideia que predomina entre nós é que em um hospital psiquiátrico só existem distúrbios e anomalias das quais devemos nos manter afastados. Mas onde parece haver apenas silêncio, existe uma infinidade de visões e sons que resistem ao aniquilamento, e que podem ou não sair do espaço de confina­mento. Lydia inventa um fora, mora sozinha numa kitinete. Neste artigo, pro­curaremos ativar uma escuta sensível dos escritos de Lydia, sublinhando os usos e desvios que praticava no seu exercício literário. Ela parecia ter clareza de que a experiência da escrita não era apenas um trabalho de transformação de si mesma, mas a possibilidade de criar para si um território de existência.
Antibacterial Activity of Aloe Vera Gel-based Edible Coating with the addition of Gum Arabic and Ascorbic Acid
Authors: Janurianti Ni Made Defy , I Made Supartha Utama  , Ida Bagus Wayan Gunam
Published: May 2021

Aloe vera gel has antibacterial properties. The content of antibacterial compounds in aloe vera gel is saponins, anthraquinones, tannins, aloin, and acemannan. Aloe vera gel has the potential as an edible coating for food products. The Processing carried out goes through a heating process that does think to damage the antibacterial compounds in the aloe vera gel. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of aloe vera gel formulated as an edible coating on S. aureus, S. mutans, E. coli and K. pneumoniae bacteria. The research method used is the disc diffusion method. Based on the test results, pure aloe vera gel has a larger inhibition zone diameter than aloe vera gel processed into an edible coating. Diameter of pure aloe vera gel inhibition zone in S. aureus, S. mutans, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae bacteria. respectively 10.966 ± 0.573 mm; 11.806 ± 0.215 mm; 10,860 ± 0.675 mm, and 10.686 ± 0.081 mm. Aloe vera gel formulated into an edible coating with antibacterial ability, namely at a concentration of 100%, which has anti activity with the inhibition zone's diameter in S. aureus, S. mutans E. coli, and K. pneumoniae bacteria, respectively. is 10,470 ± 0.213 mm; 10,673 ± 0.127 mm; 10,113 ± 0.040 mm, and 9.676 ± 0.604 mm.
estallido de octubre: apuntes críticos sobre la foto emblemática de la protesta
Authors: Aquieta Núñez Rommel
Published: May 2021

El uso de la fotografía como herramienta y testimonio a la vez, configura una política de la visualidad y la memoria y trabaja para suplir en algunas ocasiones la ausencia de las voces desaparecidas en el tiempo. Escarbando en la construcción sedimentada de la historia, es importante evidenciar como se puede ir más allá de la narración de los hechos e indagar en la humanidad de los protagonistas. De este modo se vuelve trascendental el rescate de otras miradas críticas, analíticas y reflexivas sobre una de las fotos más emblemáticas del estallido de octubre de 2019 en Ecuador.
Valuasi Ekonomi Sumberdaya Terumbu Karang di Kawasan Konservasi Gita Nada - Sekotong
Authors: Hilyana Sitti , Amir Sadikin , Buhari Nurliah , Waspodo Saptono , Gigentika Soraya
Published: May 2021

Economic valuation is an important instrument in making policies for managing coral reef resources effectively and efficiently and is able to distribute the value of benefits and costs in developing conservation areas. This study aims to determine the economic valuation of coral reef resources in TWP Gita Nada Sekotong Lombok Barat  Regency. The research used the survey method with a sample size of 45 respondents determined by purposive random sampling based on the status of the respondent. Data analysis uses the Total Economic Value (TEV) approach by aggregating the value of direct benefits, indirect benefit values, value of selected benefits, value of existence benefits, and value of inheritance benefits. The results showed that the TEV of coral reef in TWP Gita Nada was Rp. 147,976,915,107.98/year or IDR 54,778,806.30/ha/year. The value of indirect benefits contributed IDR 113,523,601,904.00 per year (76.7% of the total economic value of coral reefs), while the direct benefit contributes Rp. 34,453,313,203.98 per year (23.3% of the total economic value of coral reefs).
La avalancha de Diego Muñoz: una novela que retrata la caí­da de la dictadura de Carlos Ibáñez
Authors: Fuentes Pablo
Published: May 2021

Este artí­culo propone una lectura de la novela La avalancha (1932) de Diego Muñoz, a partir del estudio de las catálisis o pormenores narrativos, vale decir, aquellas unidades que articulan la diégesis a nivel polí­tico, simbólico e ideológico. De este modo, en detalles tan í­nfimos como los colores que decoran el relato, las cabelleras de los personajes, la distribución del espacio novelesco, entre otros aspectos, se hallan indicios de un contexto histórico y social que subyace en los acontecimientos narrados.
Patrones funcionales del vocativo en la producción narrativa de Benito Pérez Galdós
Authors: Nieto Caballero Guadalupe
Published: May 2021

En este artí­culo se estudia el uso que Benito Pérez Galdós hace de los vocativos como eje de un patrón estructural con el que el escritor consigue crear diversos efectos literarios significativos. De manera más concreta, nos hemos centrado en aquellos casos en los que una proposición proyectora va seguida de un vocativo (pronunciado por un personaje). Para ello hemos recurrido a un corpus formado por las novelas de Galdós, que hemos comparado con otro de referencia constituido por algunas novelas decimonónicas españolas. Como se verá, el patrón no solo se usa con más frecuencia en las novelas de Galdós, sino que el escritor lo usa con unos fines estilí­sticos concretos como crear una impresión de sincroní­a entre el habla de los personajes y su lenguaje corporal o proporcionar información sobre los personajes. El análisis pretende servir a su vez como contribución al ámbito aún emergente de la estilí­stica de corpus en español, ilustrando cómo el análisis de obras literarias puede beneficiarse ampliamente del manejo de herramientas innovadoras de corpus
Contacto mapudungun-castellano: usos, transmisión y valoraciones en comunidades pewenche del Alto Biobí­o
Authors: Henrí­quez Barahona Marisol , Mellado Rí­os Irina , Abello Segura Octavio , Parizot Troncoso Pamela
Published: May 2021

El artí­culo examina la situación del mapudungun en contactocon el castellano en comunidades pewenche del Alto Biobí­o. Enespecí­fico, se describe el estatus de la lengua a través del análisisde su uso y transmisión intergeneracional, además de abordarlas valoraciones que manifiestan los hablantes hacia ambaslenguas. La muestra estuvo conformada por el discurso de diezhablantes bilingí¼es de dos comunidades del Valle del Queuco.Los datos fueron recogidos a través de entrevistas semiestructuradasque permitieron obtener información sociolingüísticadel hablante, su familia y la comunidad. En términos generaleses posible señalar que en la zona existe un mantenimiento de lalengua bastante disí­mil que se evidencia en patrones de uso ytransmisión heterogéneos. No obstante, las valoraciones haciaambas lenguas son positivas.
THE CHALLENGES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A GENDER-ORIENTED APPROACH TO BUDGETING IN UKRAINE: WHAT CAN BE IMPROVED?
Authors: Karpych Anna , Miedviedkova Nataliia
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this article is to identify the obstacles which emerge on the way of the implementation of a gender-oriented approach to budgeting in Ukraine and hinder the promotion of this approach within the public financial system as well as to give recommendations on the possible ways to eliminate them from Ukrainian public financial management. Methodology. The article is based on a review of existing academic literature and on the analysis of secondary sources (mainly, government and non-government reports and publications). The results of the research show that the main barriers for the application of a gender-oriented approach to budgeting in Ukraine are, among others, dominance of gender stereotypes, the lack of funds for gender initiatives, insufficient understanding of the relationship between gender equality and public policy, the low level of awareness of civil servants and officials regarding the policy of gender equality. The overview of the best international practices in the integration of gender aspects in budgeting helped authors identify prior tasks for ensuring effectiveness of a gender-oriented approach to budgeting in modern conditions. Based on the obtained findings, the recommendations were provided; they include the measures to reduce gender gaps and suggested methods for modification of a gender-oriented approach to budgeting. Research limitations/implications. The authors did not study the underlying reasons for the emerging problems for the application of a gender-oriented approach to budgeting. Also, the research was based only on the review and analysis of secondary sources, thus, primary data collection techniques were omitted. Practical implications. The findings are likely to be useful for researchers and public sector practitioners both in Ukraine and abroad to gain knowledge on the implementation of a gender-oriented approach to budgeting. The developing countries may investigate the case of Ukraine and prepare for the similar challenges and problems adjusting the practice of implementation of a gender-oriented approach to budgeting according to their conditions and model of public management system. Value/originality. The article contributes to the discussion about the challenges for the effective implementation of a gender-oriented approach to budgeting in order to strengthen the public financial management in modern Ukraine.
FUZZY-LOGICAL APPROACH TO CONSTRUCTING AN INTEGRAL INDICATOR IN A LEVEL ESTIMATION MODEL SIGNIFICANT MARKET ADVANTAGE
Authors: Myachin Valentin , Yudina Olena
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this research is to construct fuzzy expert system to estimate an integral degree of market concentration by fuzzy-logical approach. The methodological basis of the study consists of scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists and leading specialists, statistical and analytical materials of state authorities. Fuzzy Inference is introduced for the integrated indicator construction. Two indicators are chosen as input variables. The first indicator, CR, is a level of concentration ratio. The second indicator, HHI, is the Herfindahl-Hirschman index. Output variable, MC indicator, means a degree of market concentration. Both input and output variables are transformed to fuzziness through the construction of membership function. The function type and parameters are substantiated and “bell”-shaped membership function to describe uncertainty of the values falling under normal distribution is chosen. The quantity of fuzzy sets at every input is considered z=3 and the quantity of input variables is considered ω=2. To achieve completeness of the model, the quantity of logic rules is considered r=3²=9. To calculate a degree of market concentration, Mamdani fuzzy conclusion is applied. Defuzzification is engaged to calculate value of the output variable which is MC indicator to mean a degree of market concentration and therefore readiness to implement the innovation strategy for enterprises active in innovation. To estimate a degree of market concentration, the fuzzy expert system given allows for engagement of different indicators due to fuzzy logic methodology which considers fuzziness of the input and output variables. The construction of an integral indicator for assessing the state of economic competition in order to establish the feasibility of identifying operators and providers with a significant market advantage will improve the assessment of the state of economic competition in the market in the telecommunications services market in Ukraine.
QUALITATIVE INDICATORS OF BANK PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT FOR THE PURPOSES OF PARTICIPATION IN THE DEPOSIT GUARANTEE SYSTEM IN UKRAINE
Authors: Ilnytskyi Oleh , Ilkiv Natalia , Chopko Khrystyna
Published: May 2021

One of the directions of reforming the system of deposit insurance in the world is risk-oriented approach, which means that the degree of involvement in the system is determined by the degree of exposure of the participant’s operations to risk. Correct estimation of the degree of risk of banking operations requires a well-grounded approach to the study of indicators-criteria that should be clear, understandable, and objective. The subject of research is the performance of the deposit guarantee system in Ukraine. Therefore, the present research aims to solve applied problems of establishing the content of qualitative indicators of banking operations that arise in their application for the sake of determining the degree of risk in the operations of the participant of the Deposit Guarantee Fund in the estimation of the amount of recurring charges. Methodology. Systemic method was applied to establish the content and assign qualitative indicators of bank performance for establishing their actual content in accordance with the regulation. On this basis, using a formal logical method, definitions of legal notions were formulated with due account of the financial and economic meaning as well as the established goal of legal regulation. Formal dogmatic approach allowed to make an analysis of the regulatory and legal framework of the state, to identify functional capacity of the system of protection of the rights and interests of bank depositors, their technical and legal excellence. Also, a number of other general scientific methods of research were applied, in particular: analysis (to study systemic application of the notions), historical legal (to study the establishment, change and development of the deposit guarantee system), comparative legal (to study the legislation determining specific principles of the functioning of the deposit guarantee system of natural persons in foreign states) etc. As the result, there has been established the essence of the current qualitative indicators used in the determination of the degree of risk of banking operations in Ukraine as far as application of the means of influence for violation of banking legislation by the National Bank of Ukraine to participating banks over the reporting period, as well as administrative and economic sanctions applied for violation of legislative requirements related to the deposit guarantee system of natural persons are concerned. Also, proposals have been developed concerning the procedure of their application for the sake of increasing the opportunities for ensuring risk-oriented approach.
INTELLIGENT DRIVERS OF SMART ECONOMY IN THE GLOBAL ECOSYSTEM
Authors: Kalenyuk Iryna , Tsymbal Liudmyla , Uninets Iryna
Published: May 2021

Consistent and pervasive intellectualization and greening of the economy is manifested in the formation of Smart Economy, which is seen as a modern form of global ecosystem development. An important role in it is given to the latest technologies – information and communication technologies, which are becoming an important tool for “smart” management of processes and relationships between elements and actors at different levels in the global ecosystem. The research methodology is based on the systematization of theoretical approaches to understanding the concept of “Smart Economy”, based on which the author's position on defining the essence, structure and key drivers of Smart Economy development is formulated. The aim of the article is to identify the main intellectual factors in the formation of the Smart Economy within the global ecosystem. Smart Economy is defined in a narrow (means of organizing economic relations and relationships within a certain locality) and broad sense, a system of economic relations based on the use of modern smart technologies, implementation of the principles of sustainability and social responsibility and subject to the creation of comfortable and safe conditions of life of citizens). The key processes of the formation of Smart Economy are: intellectualization, digitalization, greening, socialization, institutionalization and urbanization. The content of key intellectual drivers of Smart Economy and modern trends of their development are revealed: expansion of human role as a subject of social, cultural, ecological and moral values, subject of values of sustainable development, subject of social relations (property, management); increasing the importance and implementation in all spheres of social activity of important global and strategically important values of environmental protection, providing a comfortable environment (economic, social, political, business environment, etc.); results of intellectual activity (newest technologies, products) become an important factor of development and a tool for ensuring relationships and interactions between all components of the ecosystem; transformation of the management process: involvement of a wider range of actors, development of new mechanisms for the involvement of all actors and stakeholders in the decision-making process.
Community policing in Nigeria: A mere rhetoric than practical
Authors: Onuoha Ogobuchi Onuoha  , Joseph Ogbonnaya Alo Ekpechu  , Mercy Chioma Arua
Published: May 2021

This paper is designed to investigate into the various reasons to incorporate members of the community in Nigeria in the business of crime control thereby making them to be part and parcel of security outfit in their environs. This is premised on the grounds that with the involvement of the indigenes of the community in crime control and social disorder it will go a long way in checkmating crime. The paper will also dissect the reasons for introducing community policing and its benefits in creating an environment where crime cannot flourish. It is also expected to x-ray lapses in the current policing structure in Nigeria and why community policing will be like pouring water on a rocky ground. Finally, it will expose some salient areas to be addressed by the police in order to create a fertile ground for community policing to thrive.
Efecto de una intervención psicológica, educativa y social sobre la resiliencia en escolares, de un municipio colombiano, 2019
Authors: Alvaran Lopez Sandra Milena , Bedoya Mejía Sebastian , Henao Valencia María Ceneida , Velásquez Correa Juan Carlos , Montealegre Hernández Nora Adriana , González Gómez Difariney , Grisales Romero Hugo
Published: May 2021

La resiliencia, como estrategia de promoción de la salud mental, desarrolla la capacidad humana ante la adversidad. El objetivo del este trabajo es determinar el efecto de la participación en talleres psicosociales para la promoción de la resiliencia en escolares de 10 a 17 años de un municipio colombiano. Se trata de un estudio cuasi experimental, con una muestra por conveniencia de 54 estudiantes, a los cuales se aplicó el cuestionario JJ46; se utilizaron las pruebas de Wilcoxon y McNemar para valorar el efecto la intervención, que tuvo efectos positivos en la adquisición de habilidades resilientes en las dimensiones de asertividad, afectividad y el pensamiento crítico, en todos los grados de estudio. Se observó un cambio positivo y significativo de moderado o leve a alto en la resiliencia general, antes y después de los 33 talleres psicosociales. Pensamos que esta intervención debe promoverse e implementarse en los escolarizados por sus efectos positivos.
Karakteristik ibu dan pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan kejadian stunting di Kelurahan Padebuolo Kota Gorontalo
Authors: Domili Indra , Suleman Syafrawati Djamadi , Arbie Fitri Yani , Anasiru M Anas , Labatjo Rahma
Published: May 2021

Children who do not get exclusive breastfeeding will be at risk of deficiency of nutrients needed in the growth process. This study aims to analyze the relationship between stunting and exclusive breastfeeding. The research method uses a cross-sectional research design with quantitative research, presented by means of descriptive-analytic with the number of respondents as many as 41 people. Data regarding the child's height was obtained by measuring the child's height using a digital weight scale with an accuracy of 0,1 kg. Data regarding children's age is obtained by birth certificate records or family cards. Mothers’ knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding and its giving was obtained using interview techniques. Data analysis using univariate analysis was carried out on each variable resulting from the study in the form of frequency distribution and percentage of each variable. Bivariate analysis to analyze the relationship between variables using Chi-square with 95% CI. The results showed that knowledge (p= 0,633) and education (p= 0,840) had no effect on exclusive breastfeeding (p > 0,05). Meanwhile, exclusive breastfeeding did not affect the incidence of stunting (p= 0,797). In conclusion, education, knowledge and exclusive breastfeeding have no significant correlation with the incidence of stunting in children under five.
Edukasi tentang 1000 hari pertama kehidupan dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap calon pengantin laki-laki
Authors: Simanjuntak Betty Yosephin , Wahyudi Anang
Published: May 2021

The preconception period is the ideal time to optimize the health of women before becoming a mother. The prevalence of stunting is still above 25%, which will affect the next life cycle. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitudes of fathers through educational nutrition during preconceptions. It was designed as a quasi-experimental study. There were a total of 60 participants in the leaflet group and 60 participants in pocketbooks with incidental sampling technique. Education of first thousands of days of life which contain chronic energy deficiency (CED), anaemia, initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, weaning food and stunting topics was given by officer of Religious Affairs Office for three days.  Data were collected using a structured questionnaire through interviews. Data analysis was used pair t-test, Wilcoxon and Mc Nemar test. Results, after getting education using pocketbook, increasing knowledge especially at CED and weaning food (p= 0,006), anaemia, early initiation of breastfeeding and stunting (p= 0,000), exclusive breastfeeding (p= 0,035). Increasing in attitudes significantly after using pocketbooks especially (p < 0,05) on CED, anaemia and initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, and stunting topics. In conclusion, the increase in men's knowledge in the leaflet group, especially anaemia and initiation of breastfeeding while in the pocketbook group all of the topics increased significantly.
Effectiveness assessment of pre-heating application at thermo-resistant alloy surfacing upon tool steel
Authors: Fastov Sergey , Zorin Il'ya , Lysak Vladimir , Kharlamov Valentin
Published: May 2021

There is considered a pre-heating effect upon the structure of wear-resistant alloys deposited upon 5HNM pressed tool steel by the method of an oscillating method. The results of investigations of transfer areas formed between deposited high-alloy metal and high-carbon steel are presented. The peculiarities in area structure formation of thermal effect under the impact of heating are defined.
A study of future physics teachers’ knowledge for teaching: A case of a decibel sound level scale
Authors: Milner-Bolotin Marina , Zazkis Rina
Published: May 2021

This study examines the knowledge for teaching of prospective secondary physics teachers as related to the subject of sound waves, specifically the topics of sound level and sound intensity. The data is comprised from future teachers’ responses to the task in which they had to compose a script for an imaginary dialogue between a teacher and a group of students and provide a commentary elaborating on their instructional choices. The topics selected for the task were chosen intentionally as they provide authentic and rich opportunities to bridge mathematics and science concepts while challenging future teachers to consider logarithmic measurement scale and its role in science. The task provided the beginning of the dialogue, that featured a student’s confusion related to the measurement of the sound level using a decibel scale. Future physics teachers were asked to extend this dialogue through describing envisioned instructional interactions that could have ensued. The instructional interchange related to the relationship between sound intensity and sound level, and particular teachers’ responses to the student ideas related to the meaning of a decibel sound level scale were categorized as featuring superficial or deep, conceptual or procedural knowledge for teaching. We describe each category using illustrative excerpts from the participants’ scripts. We conclude with highlighting the affordances of scriptwriting for teachers, teacher educators, and researchers.
Treatment of age-related hearing loss alters audiovisual integration and resting-state functional connectivity: A randomized controlled pilot trial
Authors: Rosemann Stephanie , Gieseler Anja , Tahden Maike , Colonius Hans , Thiel Christiane
Published: May 2021

Untreated age-related hearing loss increases audiovisual integration and impacts resting state functional brain connectivity. It is unclear whether compensation with hearing aids is able to alter audiovisual integration and resting state functional brain connectivity. We conducted a randomized controlled pilot study to investigate how the McGurk illusion, a common measure for audiovisual integration, and resting state functional brain connectivity of the auditory cortex are altered by six-month hearing aid use. Thirty-two older participants with slight-to-moderate, symmetric, age-related hearing loss were allocated to a treatment or waiting control group and measured one week before and six months after hearing aid fitting with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Our results showed that a hearing aid use of six months was associated with a decrease in resting state functional connectivity between the auditory cortex and the fusiform gyrus and that this decrease was related to an increase of perceived McGurk illusions. Our study, therefore, suggests that even short-term hearing aid use alters audiovisual integration and functional brain connectivity between auditory and visual cortices.
Not All Fees are Created Equal: Equity Implications of Ride-hail Fee Structures
Authors: Brown Anne
Published: May 2021

Ride-hailing is a source of opportunity and consternation for cities, presenting both opportunities to expand mobility and added challenges such as increased congestion. In an effort to curb congestion—and to tap a new source of revenue—cities and states across the US have imposed fees on ride-hail trips. Fees are far from uniform; the fee bases, amounts levied, and use of these funds once collected range considerably between cities and states. Despite previous research that toll and transit fare structures affect equity, no research to date has examined the equity implications of ride-hail fee structures. This paper addresses that gap in understanding and asks: what are the equity implications of different ride-hail fee structures? I answer this question using trip-level data from over 97 million ride-hail trips taken in 2018 and 2019 in the City of Chicago. Examining trips serving low-, middle-, and high-income neighborhoods, I examine equity implications under four different fee scenarios: 1) flat rate, 2) percentage of fare, 3) varied rate for pooled trips, and 4) per mile fees. Fees that charge a percentage of total fare deliver a more progressive fee compared to flat, per-mile, or pool-differentiated fees. Yet stark income differences between neighborhoods means that even varied fees remain regressive with respect to income. Cities or states considering ride-hail fees should start by identifying concrete equity-first goals and design fee structures to achieve these goals. Cities should identify and require data needed to assess progress on identified goals and adjust fees as needed to better align with these goals. Far from being a silver bullet for issues like increasing congestion or bolstering transit funding, ride-hail fees should be seen as just one among a broader suite of policies needed to realize broader city goals.
System-directed pairing of protein amino acids. Part II
Authors: Rakočević Miloje M.
Published: May 2021

In this second part of the paper, the pairs of protein amino acids (AAs), canonical in the genetic code (GC) in the three system-arrangements (OS, DS and AS), presented in the first part, are compared with the Table of chemical similarity of AAs (Table 1 in Part I). The obtained results are such that it makes sense to speak about an ORiginal CHEmical STandard (Orchest), valid not only for amino acids but for life complete.
Investigation of code-switching cost in a conversation task
Authors: Faroqi-Shah Yasmeen , Wereley Sophie
Published: May 2021

Bilinguals commonly co-mingle their languages when speaking among other bilinguals, which is known as code-switching (CS). Previous studies of CS using laboratory tasks have been equivocal on whether CS is cognitively demanding, as measured by a time cost. Given that CS time costs could be inflated in laboratory tasks because of their unnatural task requirements, the main goal of this study was to examine CS time costs in a novel naturalistic conversational paradigm in a group of English (L1)-French (L2) bilingual speakers. Producing code-switches in naturalistic conversation was associated with a time cost, and the magnitude was comparable in both directions (English-to-French and French-to-English) although speakers more frequently switched from French-to-English. Thus even though bilinguals may code-switch for sociopragmatic or linguistic accessibility reasons, they experience a time cost when making a switch. There were no differences in CS time cost whether the code-switches involved insertions or alternations between languages. The findings support recent bilingual code-switching models which propose that CS engages cognitive control mechanisms and that these mechanisms are similar for insertions and alternations.
LGBTQ Health and Well-Being in China: A Trend Analysis of English- and Chinese-Language Research, 2011–2018
Authors: Lin Tao , Cheng Yijun , Hughes Tonda L. , Veldhuis Cindy
Published: May 2021

Purpose: Research on LGBTQ populations has dramatically increased in both Western and non-Western countries over the past several decades. Attempts to synthesize this research have largely focused on studies conducted in the West. We conducted a review of LGBTQ research in China to elucidate trends and gaps in the literature and to provide a foundation for future research. Methods: We searched the literature to identify studies that focused on LGBTQ people in China using PsycINFO and reviews of article titles and abstracts in 15 English-language LGBTQ-specific journals published between 2011–2018. We used the Wanfang database to identify Chinese-language LGBTQ research articles published in any journal between 2011–2018. Each article was coded by topic, study type, province, and sample. Results: These searches yielded 798 LGBTQ research studies conducted in China between 2011–2018. HIV/AIDS, sexuality, and LGBTQ-specific issues (e.g., coming out) have been most frequently studied. Most of the articles focused on sexual minority men (69.5%), with smaller proportions focused on sexual minority women (15.5%) or transgender individuals (2.6%). The disparity wasreduced after excluding studies on HIV or other sexually transmitted infections. The geographic distribution of studies was uneven; most were conducted in economically developed areas. Conclusion: This study identified gaps and trends in LGBTQ research in China and highlighted priority and under-researched topics to guide future LGBTQ research. More research on these understudied populations and topics will contribute to understanding of LGBTQ populations.
The experimental emergence of convention in a non-human primate
Authors: Formaux Anthony , Paleressompoulle Dany , Fagot Joel , Claidière Nicolas
Published: May 2021

Conventions form an essential part of human social and cultural behaviour and may also be important to other animals. Yet, despite the wealth of evidence that has accumulated for culture in non-human animals, we know surprisingly little about non-human conventions beyond a few rare examples. We follow the literature in behavioural ecology and evolution and define conventions as behaviours that solve a coordination problem in which two or more individuals need to display complementary behaviour to obtain a mutually beneficial outcome. We review and discuss the literature on conventions in non-human primates and come to the conclusion that all the ingredients for conventions to emerge are present and therefore that they ought to be more frequently observed. We probe emergence of conventions by using a unique novel experimental system in which pairs of baboons (Papio papio) can voluntarily participate together in touch-screen based cognitive testing and we show that conventions readily emerge in our experimental setup and that they share three fundamental properties of human conventions (arbitrariness, stability and efficiency). These results question the idea that imitation is necessary to establish conventions.
Moving beyond DSM5 and ICD11: Acoustic Analysis for Psychological Stress on Daily-Wage Workers in India during COVID19
Authors: Agarwal Ajay
Published: May 2021

Aim: To observe psychological stress in the acoustic samples of daily-wage workers belonging to different states in IndiaMethod: The study was based on the observations obtained from prior work on detecting psychoacoustic detectors of psychological stress. Acoustic samples were obtained from interviews conducted by NDTV over a period of March-May 2020. Spectrogram and Fundamental Frequency variations were used to identify psychological stressResults: Stark differences existed in mean fundamental frequency plots by daily-wage workers and non-stressed individuals. Distinct density variations were also observed in the acoustic samples between the two groups.Conclusion: Psychoacoustic detectors of psychological stress were confirmed in the acoustic samples of daily wage-workers, concluding that daily-wage workers are under dire psychological stress and are susceptible to stress-related disorders.Keywords: psychological stress, acoustic variations, daily-wage workers
Impact of social media advertisement on brand loyalty With reference to soft drink marketing situations in Chitwan district
Authors: Upadhyay Mahesh Prasad
Published: May 2021

Social media advertisement has great impact on the consumers loyalty. Factors affecting brand loyalty are quality of product as well as effective and entertaining social media advertisement. In the views of consumers best social media is Face Book rather than Instagram and Messengers most liked advertisement is Coke due to it entertaining advertisement in social media.
Impact of Celebrity Endorsement on Customer Behavior in Nepalese Commercial Banks
Authors: Parajuli Dilip
Published: May 2021

This study aims to establish the influence of celebrity endorsement on behavior among customers of Nepalese commercial banks. This study employs a descriptive research design. A self-administered survey questionnaire was used as the main primary data gathering instrument. A total of 300 questionnaires were administered (25 for each of 12 commercial banks). Out of them, 69.67 percent of questionnaires were returned and used. Different statistical tools such as mean and regression analysis were used for the analysis. Cronbach’s alpha was used to analyze the reliability of the data. Descriptive statistics show the celebrity endorsement of Nepalese commercial banks affects customers and these customers have moderately perceived that their behavior is to some extent influenced by celebrity endorsement. However, the regression results indicate that celebrity endorsement has a negative impact on customer behavior in Nepalese commercial banks. Therefore, to create a positive impact of celebrity endorsement, companies need to make strategic decisions with regard to the usage of celebrities in advertising campaigns. The companies should also ideally choose certain celebrities who have a high degree of legitimacy in the minds of the majority of the customers in the country.
Early grade teachers' awareness and skills on multiliteracies pedagogies
Authors: Ghimire Nani Babu , Pandeya Yam Prasad
Published: May 2021

Multiliteracies is a pedagogical approach developed in 1994 by the New London Group (NLG) that aims to make classroom teaching more inclusive by addressing cultural and linguistic diversity, and rapid development in communication channel and technology. The purpose of this study was to explore the early grade teachers' perception on multiliteracies pedagogy and their awareness, skills and proficiency on it. We used critical ethnography research design to obtain rich and in-depth data from five years' experienced three early grade teachers through interviews and participant classroom observation in a community school of Nepal. Interviews and class observation of teachers were audio-recorded, and recorded data were transcribed assigning codes, and main two themes were developed in terms of the codes. Regarding understanding and awareness on multiliteracies pedagogy, the findings reveal that the teachers do not have more clear theoretical concept on it. They perceive multiliteracies as being literate not only through reading and writing but also using pictures, signs, symbols and mimics. They are aware in the use of multiliteracies pedagogy to make teaching learning effective but they do not have sufficient skills and proficiency on it. They can apply multiliteracies pedagogy in early grades effectively if their knowlwdge and skills is developed through training and capacity development programme on it.
Language indexicalities in multilingual English language classrooms: A narrative inquiry
Authors: Chand Gambhir Bahadur
Published: May 2021

Language indexicality is the major problem in multilingual classrooms. Students from minority language communities may feel dominated in the classroom due to the lack of competency in the dominant languages used in the classroom. I have been dealing with such diversified classes for a long time and my teaching experience motivated me to carry out this research. This study tried to explore the nature of language dominance in a multilingual English language classroom and how students of minority community feel in the classroom. I used narrative inquiry as the main research design and purposive sampling procedure for sampling the participants and research site. Language dominance in the multilingual classroom was found problematic for minority community students. They mainly feel dominated in the classroom and do not enjoy studying in the classroom. The study also found that minority language learners are demotivated to take part in classroom interaction. Inappropriate use of dominating language by the teachers also found more problematic in the study. The study concluded that use of dominant language heavily in the multilingual classroom creates problem rather than helping those students who have different mother tongues.
Perceptions of EFL teachers towards using intercultural approach in ELT
Authors: Negi Arjun Singh
Published: May 2021

Teaching English has shifted from teaching literature to teaching language in cultural contexts. Teaching English in a cultural context improves intercultural competence but also needs to incorporate the local culture of the learners to enhance awareness and eliminate ethnocentricism. Intercultural approach tries to develop intercultural competence in the learners. Intercultural competence means following one's own culture and respecting others' cultural viewpoints. I have used phenomenological research design to find out perceptions of EFL teachers towards using intercultural approach in English language teaching. The finding indicates the need of practicing intercultural approach in English language teaching though the implementation is not quite easy. This research has also indicated that there is the hegemony of western culture in the course development and content selection. Still there are many problems in promoting local cultures and developing intercultural competence. To implement intercultural approach successfully, there should be radical changes in policy level, practice level, and pedagogical level, for the policy making, course development, content selection, classroom delivery and even in evaluation scheme.
Semester students’ perceptions about online class during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Dhami Bhan Singh
Published: May 2021

Face-to-face delivery of education system had been greatly affected due to the outbreak of COVID-19. As an alternative to it, classes were run online wherever there was access to the Internet with technological devices. With this scenario, this study explored the perceptions of semester students about online class at master’s level during COVID-19 pandemic. By using the phenomenological research design of qualitative study, purposive sampling technique was used to collect the views of three students of master’s level studying at third and fourth semesters at an affiliated campus of Tribhuvan University (TU) and a constituent campus under Far Western University (FWU) of Nepal. Semi-structured online interview was conducted to collect the data. The result showed that the students were positive towards online delivery mode due to the need for getting education during COVID-19 pandemic.
विद्यालय शिक्षामा योग शिक्षाको आवश्यकताप्रतिको धारणा Biddhyalaya Shikshyama Yog Shikshyako Aabashyakatapratiko Dharana
Authors: भट्ट  Bhatta गणेश  Ganesh दत्त Datta
Published: May 2021

योग शिक्षा एक प्राचीनकालीन शिक्षा पद्धति हो । वर्तमान समयमा यसको आवश्यकता एवं महइभ्व दिनप्रतिदिन बढ्दै गइरहेको छ । जसको फलस्वरूप योग शिक्षालाई पाठ्यक्रममा समावेश गरी अनिवार्य रूपमा विद्यार्थीहरूलाई ज्ञान दिनु आवश्यक भइसकेको छ । ऐच्छिक विषयका रूपमा योग शिक्षालाई माध्यमिक तहको पाठ्यक्रममा समावेश गरे तापनि यसको कार्यान्वयनको अवस्था भने नगण्य मात्रामा रहेको छ । यस अध्ययनको मुख्य उद्देश्य विद्यालय शिक्षामा योग शिक्षाको आवश्यकता पत्ता लगाउनु र योग शिक्षाप्रति प्र.अ. शिक्षक, विद्यार्थी र अभिभावकको धारणा पहिचान गर्नु रहेको छ । अनुसन्धानको क्रममा छलफल र अन्तर्वार्ताको माध्यमबाट प्र.अ।, शिक्षक, विद्यार्थी र अभिभावकको धारण पत्ता लगाउन धारणा स्केलको प्रयोग गरिएको छ । प्र.अ. तथा शिक्षकबाट विद्यालय शिक्षामा योग शिक्षा वर्तमान समयमा अति आवश्यक भएको र यसको कार्यन्वयन प्राथमिक तहदेखि नै हुनुपर्ने धारणा आएको छ भने केही प्र.अ. र शिक्षकबाट योग शिक्षा माध्यमिक तहदेखि माथि उपयुक्त हुने धारणा आएको छ । छलफल र अन्तर्वार्ता जस्ता कार्यक्रम सञ्चालन गर्दा योग शिक्षालाई पाठ्यव्रmममा समावेश गरिनु नितान्त आवश्यक रहेको कुरा अभिभावकबाट आएको छ । योग शिक्षा आवश्यकताको सम्वन्धमासकारात्मक धारण आएको र योग शिक्षा कार्यान्वयनमा सम्बन्धमा समस्या देखिएको छ । सूचनासङ्कलनका क्रममा प्रयोग गरिएका साधनबाट योग शिक्षालाई वर्तमान समयमा विश्व समुदायले नै स्वीकार गरिसकेको कुरा पनि सामुन्ने आएको छ । तसर्थ योग शिक्षा पाठ्यव्रmममा समावेश गरिनु अति आवश्यक छ । प्राप्ति र निष्कर्षका रूपमा भन्नु पर्दा योग शिक्षाको वर्तमान समयमा आवश्यकता रहेको र सरोकारवाला व्यक्ति सक्रिय भए यसको कार्यान्वयन पनि गर्न सकिने धारणा आएको छ ।योग शिक्षालाई विद्यालय शिक्षामा समावेश गर्न सकेमा यसले विद्यार्थीको सर्वाङ्गीण विकासमा सहयोग पु¥याउने धारणा अधिकांश सूचनादाताबाट आएको छ । तसर्थ योग शिक्षाले मानवीय स्वास्थ्यसँग प्रत्यक्ष सम्बन्ध राख्ने हुँदा योग शिक्षालाई विद्यालय शिक्षामा कार्यान्वयन गर्नुपर्ने आजको नितान्त आवश्यकता रहेको छ ।
Uwięziony w podróży… Adama Zagajewskiego poetyckie obrazy współczesnej Italii
Authors: Bodzioch-Bryła Bogusława
Published: May 2021

Autorka wyodrębnia i analizuje te wiersze Adama Zagajewskiego, w których podjął poeta próbę uchwycenia i zatrzymania klimatu włoskich miast i miasteczek, z ich urokliwymi krajobrazami, nostalgicznymi zaułkami, ale i tętniącymi życiem metropoliami. Jego poetyckie oko i wyczulone na dźwięki miejsca ucho szczególnie inspiruje ten rodzaj nieoczywistego piękna, które uwidacznia się nagle, w chwilowym rozbłysku, często w percepcji zmęczonej wędrówką, lecz zawsze skupionej na tym, co jednostkowe, znaczące, istotne. Kolejne utwory, wraz z poświęconymi im analizami, uporządkowane zostały w korelacji z układem topograficznym mapy Italii, w zgodzie z wektorem północ – południe (Camogli, Bogliasco, okolice Genui, Rawenna, Sansepolcro, Siena, Rzym, Sycylia). Poeta utrwala i zatrzymuje nie tylko to, co najbardziej oczywiste, bezsprzecznie piękne (jak mozaiki Rawenny lub oglądane w ciemnych muzeach czy bocznych kaplicach obrazy), ale też zgiełk stolicy, kamienny smutek odwiedzonej przypadkiem nekropolii, w końcu leniwy spokój włoskiego listopada.