bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine learning based readmission and mortality prediction in heart failure patients
Authors: Sabouri Maziar , Rajabi Ahmad Bitarafan , Hajianfar Ghasem , Gharibi Omid , Mohebi Mobin , Avval Atlas Haddadi , Naderi Nasim , Shiri Isaac
Published: October 2023

This study intends to predict in-hospital and 6-month mortality, as well as 30-day and 90-day hospital readmission, using Machine Learning (ML) approach via conventional features. A total of 737 patients remained after applying the exclusion criteria to 1101 heart failure patients. Thirty-four conventional features were collected for each patient. First, the data were divided into train and test cohorts with a 70–30% ratio. Then train data were normalized using the Z-score method, and its mean and standard deviation were applied to the test data. Subsequently, Boruta, RFE, and MRMR feature selection methods were utilized to select more important features in the training set. In the next step, eight ML approaches were used for modeling. Next, hyperparameters were optimized using tenfold cross-validation and grid search in the train dataset. All model development steps (normalization, feature selection, and hyperparameter optimization) were performed on a train set without touching the hold-out test set. Then, bootstrapping was done 1000 times on the hold-out test data. Finally, the obtained results were evaluated using four metrics: area under the ROC curve (AUC), accuracy (ACC), specificity (SPE), and sensitivity (SEN). The RFE-LR (AUC: 0.91, ACC: 0.84, SPE: 0.84, SEN: 0.83) and Boruta-LR (AUC: 0.90, ACC: 0.85, SPE: 0.85, SEN: 0.83) models generated the best results in terms of in-hospital mortality. In terms of 30-day rehospitalization, Boruta-SVM (AUC: 0.73, ACC: 0.81, SPE: 0.85, SEN: 0.50) and MRMR-LR (AUC: 0.71, ACC: 0.68, SPE: 0.69, SEN: 0.63) models performed the best. The best model for 3-month rehospitalization was MRMR-KNN (AUC: 0.60, ACC: 0.63, SPE: 0.66, SEN: 0.53) and regarding 6-month mortality, the MRMR-LR (AUC: 0.61, ACC: 0.63, SPE: 0.44, SEN: 0.66) and MRMR-NB (AUC: 0.59, ACC: 0.61, SPE: 0.48, SEN: 0.63) models outperformed the others. Reliable models were developed in 30-day rehospitalization and in-hospital mortality using conventional features and ML techniques. Such models can effectively personalize treatment, decision-making, and wiser budget allocation. Obtained results in 3-month rehospitalization and 6-month mortality endpoints were not astonishing and further experiments with additional information are needed to fetch promising results in these endpoints.
Safety and tolerability of long-term apomorphine infusion in advanced Parkinson's disease: an Indian multi-center (APO-IND) experience
Authors: Metta Vinod , Dhamija Rajinder K. , Batzu Lucia , Mrudula Rukmini , Kumar Natuva Sai Sampath , S. Arunan , Falup-Pecurariu Cristian , Rodriguez-Blazquez Carmen , Goyal Vinay , L.K. Prashanth , Bhattacharya Kalyan , Kumar Suresh , Chaudhuri Kallol Ray , Borgohain Rupam
Published: October 2023

Advanced Parkinson’s Disease (APD) is complicated by the emergence of motor and non-motor fluctuations, which are initially predictable and eventually become unpredictable, in part due to erratic gastric absorption and short half of oral levodopa. Attempts to manage such fluctuations with oral dopaminergic drugs often lead to disabling dyskinesias. Continuous Subcutaneous Apomorphine Infusion (CSAI), despite being approved for the treatment of APD since 1993, was approved in India only in 2019. We studied the safety, tolerability and efficacy of CSAI in Indian patients with APD in a registry design to raise local awareness of this important treatment. We conducted a prospective registry-based observational audit at 10 centers across different states of India. Patients with APD, not responding to or with significant side effects from oral dopaminergic therapy, were assessed at baseline and at month 6 and 12 following CSAI infusion. Fifty-one patients completed the study, CSAI significantly reduced the functional impact of dyskinesia (p < 0.01 at 6 months and p < 0.001 at 12 months). There was a significant improvement in the OFF-state from baseline (p < 0.01 at 6 months and p < 0.001 at 12 months) No discernible side effects were observed apart from mild site reaction (n = 7), nausea (n = 7) skin nodules (n = 2). CSAI demonstrated safety, efficacy, tolerability and improved quality of life in patients with APD, as shown in previous studies. Our study highlighted current existing inequalities in treatment availability, lack of awareness, knowledge gap, affordability and cost remains a concern regarding apomorphine use in Indian PD population.
Koopmans' theorem for acidic protons
Authors: Schrader Tim , Khanifaev Jamoliddin , Perlt Eva
Published: October 2023

Brønsted acidity is investigated from a new perspective by using nuclear electronic orbital methods. The orbital energies of the proton wavefunction are related to acid strength in analogy to the Koopmans' theorem for electrons.
A condition-tuned unorthodox approach to indole-3-carboxylic acids and anthranilic acids via carbon atom translocation
Authors: Bhowmik Arup , Naskar Koushik , Roy Shantonu , Karmakar Sudip , Sarkar Writhabrata , Mondal Imtiaj , Sana Arindam , Deb Indubhusan
Published: October 2023

A one-pot method for the synthesis of indole-3-carboxylic acids using isatins and DMSO via a one-carbon translocation is reported. The methodology has been extended to afford anthranilic acid derivatives by fine-tuning the temperature in the presence of molecular oxygen.
Expedient C–H allylation of sulfoxonium ylides: merging C–H and C–C/C–het bond activation
Authors: Saha Sharajit , Bhattacharyya Hemanga , Karjee Pallab , Debnath Bijoy , Verma Kshitiz , Punniyamurthy Tharmalingam
Published: October 2023

Merging cobalt-catalyzed C–H activation and ring opening of vinylic strained rings using sulfoxonium ylide as a weak directing group has been accomplished to furnish structurally diverse carbo/hetero allyl scaffolds.
Full-color-emitting fluids from carbon dots stabilized in nonconventionally fluorescent micelles
Authors: Xu Aoxue , Liu Hailong , Zhang Jie , Li Hongguang
Published: October 2023

Water-insoluble, red-emitting carbon dots were stabilized by surfactant micelles showing nonconventional photoluminescence, creating full-color-emitting colloids with good biocompatibility and a variety of potential applications.
Linker size dependent mechanical properties of di-imine based molecular crystals
Authors: Manoharan Deepak , Ahmad Shamim , Tothadi Srinu , Emmerling Franziska , Bhattacharya Biswajit , Ghosh Soumyajit
Published: October 2023

We have demonstrated the ability to modify the mechanical flexibility of molecular crystals by modulating the length of intervening linker moieties while keeping the terminal shape synthons the same.
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering from Au nanorods, nanotriangles, and nanostars with tuned plasmon resonances
Authors: Khlebtsov Boris N. , Burov Andrey M. , Zarkov Sergey V. , Khlebtsov Nikolai G.
Published: October 2023

Theoretical and experimental SERS plasmonic profiles for three types of nanoparticles functionalized by NBT or Cy7.5 Raman molecules and excited by 633 nm and 785 nm lasers.
Distinct reactivities of ortho-chalcone-substituted organophosphines with activated alkynes: skeletal editing or periphery modification
Authors: Li Chaoyang , Niu Xinyue , Xu Wan , Bu Zhanwei , Zhang Wenjing , Wang Qilin
Published: October 2023

We report a substrate-controlled diversity-oriented synthetic strategy that can precisely convert ortho-chalcone-substituted organophosphines into other synthetically challenging organophosphorus compounds via skeletal editing or periphery modification.
Developing and downscaling a method by HILIC coupled simultaneously to ESIMS and ICPMS to determine the affinity of lanthanide chelating molecules using specific isotope dilution
Authors: Amaral Saraiva Marina , Reiller Pascal E. , Marie Cécile , Bresson Carole
Published: October 2023

A new method of HILIC coupled to ESIMS and ICPMS, combined with online specific isotopic dilution has been developed and downscaled to determine the affinity of hydrophilic molecules towards natSm and natNd.
Zn1−xCoxMn1−xFexCrO4 ferrichromate: an efficient material for high performance supercapacitor applications
Authors: Salve Vaibhav , Agale Pramod , Rokade Avinash , Kamble Mahesh , Patange Sunil , More Paresh
Published: October 2023

Zn1−xCoxMn1−xFexCrO4 ferrichromate was synthesized using the sol–gel auto-combustion method.
Boosted charge transfer in Pt cluster anchored TiO2 microspheres with rich oxygen vacancies for solar driven H2 production from lignocellulosic biomass
Authors: Zhang Fu-Guang , Cheng Miao , Yuan Yong-Jun , Liu Qing-Yu , Cheng Quan , Guan Jie
Published: October 2023

Pt nanoclusters anchored porous TiO2 microspheres with abundant oxygen vacancy was developed as a highly-efficient photocatalyst for solar driven photocatalytic lignocellulosic biomass-to-H2 conversion.
High-throughput computational discovery of 3218 ultralow thermal conductivity and dynamically stable materials by dual machine learning models
Authors: Ojih Joshua , Shen Chen , Rodriguez Alejandro , Zhang Hongbin , Choudhary Kamal , Hu Ming
Published: October 2023

Using dual machine learning models, we identified 3218 inorganic crystals with ultralow lattice thermal conductivity (LTC), which will be of great interest for technologically important applications such as thermal insulators and thermoelectrics.
Regulation of the innate immune system by fragmented heparin-conjugated lipids on lipid bilayered membranes in vitro
Authors: Adler Anna , Fritsch Marlene , Fromell Karin , Leneweit Gero , Ekdahl Kristina N. , Nilsson Bo , Teramura Yuji
Published: October 2023

Surface modification with heparin is a powerful biomaterial coating strategy that protects against innate immunity activation since heparin is a part of the proteoglycan heparan sulfate on cell surfaces in the body.
Loss of the methylarginine reader function of SND1 confers resistance to hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wright Tanner , Wang Yalong , Stratton Sabrina A. , Sebastian Manu , Liu Bin , Johnson David G. , Bedford Mark T.
Published: October 2023

Staphylococcal nuclease Tudor domain containing 1 (SND1) protein is an oncogene that ‘reads’ methylarginine marks through its Tudor domain. Specifically, it recognizes methylation marks deposited by protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), which is also known to promote tumorigenesis. Although SND1 can drive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), it is unclear whether the SND1 Tudor domain is needed to promote HCC. We sought to identify the biological role of the SND1 Tudor domain in normal and tumorigenic settings by developing two genetically engineered SND1 mouse models, an Snd1 knockout (Snd1 KO) and an Snd1 Tudor domain-mutated (Snd1 KI) mouse, whose mutant SND1 can no longer recognize PRMT5-catalyzed methylarginine marks. Quantitative PCR analysis of normal, KO, and KI liver samples revealed a role for the SND1 Tudor domain in regulating the expression of genes encoding major acute phase proteins, which could provide mechanistic insight into SND1 function in a tumor setting. Prior studies indicated that ectopic overexpression of SND1 in the mouse liver dramatically accelerates the development of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced HCC. Thus, we tested the combined effects of DEN and SND1 loss or mutation on the development of HCC. We found that both Snd1 KO and Snd1 KI mice were partially protected against malignant tumor development following exposure to DEN. These results support the development of small molecule inhibitors that target the SND1 Tudor domain or the use of upstream PRMT5 inhibitors, as novel treatments for HCC.
Kyber, Saber, and SK‐MLWR Lattice‐Based Key Encapsulation Mechanisms Model Checking with Maude
Authors: Tran Duong Dinh , Ogata Kazuhiro , Escobar Santiago , Akleylek Sedat , Otmani Ayoub
Published: October 2023

Facing the potential threat raised by quantum computing, a great deal of research from many groups and industrial giants has gone into building public‐key post‐quantum cryptographic primitives that are resistant to the quantum attackers. Among them, there is a large number of post‐quantum key encapsulation mechanisms (KEMs), whose purpose is to provide a secure key exchange, which is a very crucial component in public‐key cryptography. This paper presents a formal security analysis of three lattice‐based KEMs including Kyber, Saber, and SK‐MLWR. We use Maude, a specification language supporting equational and rewriting logic and a high‐performance tool equipped with many advanced features, such as a reachability analyzer that can be used as a model checker for invariant properties, to model the three KEMs as state machines. Because they all belong to the class of lattice‐based KEMs, they share many common parts in their designs, such as polynomials, vectors, and message exchange patterns. We first model these common parts and combine them into a specification, called base specification. After that, for each of the three KEMs, by extending the base specification, we just need to model some additional parts and the mechanism execution. Once completing the three specifications, we conduct invariant model checkings with the Maude search command, pointing out a similar man‐in‐the‐middle attack. The occurrence of this attack is due to the fact that authentication is not part of the KEMs, and therefore an active attacker can modify all communication between two honest parties.
Tracing the Galactic disk with planetary nebulae using Gaia DR3
Authors: Bucciarelli B. , Stanghellini L.
Published: October 2023

Aims. We study the population of Galactic planetary nebulae (PNe) and their central stars (CSPNe) through the analysis of their distances and Galactic distribution. The PN distances are obtained by means of a revised statistical distance scale, based on an astrometrically-defined sample of their central stars from the third Gaia Data Release (DR3) as calibrators. The new statistical distances, together with the proper motion of the CSPNe (also from DR3) with published PN abundances as well as radial velocities, are used to characterize the PN populations in the Galaxy and to derive the radial metallicity gradient.

Methods. The statistical scale was applied to infer the distances of a significant number (∼850) of Galactic PNe, for which we deliver a new catalog of PN distances. By adopting a circular velocity curve of the Galaxy, we also obtained peculiar 3D velocities for a large sample of PNe (∼300). The elemental abundances of the PNe were culled from the literature for an updated catalog, to be used in our analysis and other external applications.

Results. The radial chemical gradient of the Galactic disk is traced by PNe with available chemical abundances and distances, and kinematic data of the CSPNe are employed to identify the halo PN population. We date PN progenitors based both on abundances and kinematic properties, finding a confirmation of the first method with the second. For all PNe with at least one oxygen determination in the literature, we find a slope of the radial oxygen gradient equal to Δ log(O/H)/ΔRG = −0.0144 ± 0.00385 [dex kpc−1]. Furthermore, we estimate radial oxygen gradients for the PNe with old (> 7.5 Gyr) and young (< 1 Gyr) progenitors to be Δ log(O/H)/ΔRG = −0.0121 ± 0.00465 and −0.022 ± 0.00758 [dex kpc−1], respectively, thus disclosing a mild steepening of the gradient since Galaxy formation, with a slope change of 0.01 dex. The time evolution is slightly higher (∼0.015 dex) when we select the best available abundances in the literature. This result broadly agrees with previous PN results, but is now based on Gaia DR3 analysis, and it also agrees with what has been traced by most other Galactic probes. We also find a moderate oxygen enrichment when comparing the PNe with young and old progenitors.
Comparative Morphology of Island and Inland Agastache rugosa and Their Gastroprotective Effects in EtOH/HCl-Induced Gastric Mucosal Gastritis
Authors: Song Jun-Ho , Nam Hyeon-Hwa , Park Inkyu , Yang Sungyu , Chun Jin Mi , Seo Yun-Soo , Kim Hyun-Yong , Moon Byeong Cheol , Kang Sohi , Moon Changjong , Kang Seong-IL , Song Ji Hoon , Kim Joong-Sun
Published: October 2023

Agastache rugosa Kuntze (Lamiaceae; Labiatae), a medicinal and functional herb used to treat gastrointestinal diseases, grows well both on islands and inland areas in South Korea.
Thus, we aimed to reveal the morphological and micromorphological differences between A. rugosa grown on island and inland areas and their pharmacological effects on gastritis in an
animal model by combining morphological and mass spectrophotometric analyses. Morphological analysis showed that island A. rugosa had slightly smaller plants and leaves than inland
plants; however, the density of all types of trichomes on the leaves, petioles, and stems of island A. rugosa was significantly higher than that of inland plants. The essential oil
component analysis revealed that pulegone levels were substantially higher in island A. rugosa than in inland A. rugosa. Despite the differences between island and inland
A. rugosa, treatment with both island and inland A. rugosa reduced gastric damages by more than 40% compared to the gastritis induction group. In addition, expression of
inflammatory protein was reduced by about 30% by treatment of island and inland A. rugosa. The present study demonstrates quantitative differences in morphology and volatile
components between island and inland plants; significant differences were not observed between the gastritis-inhibitory effects of island and inland A. rugosa, and the efficacy of
island A. rugosa was found to be similar to that of A. rugosa grown in inland areas.
Base-Catalyzed Deprotection of Aldehydes: A New Haloform Reaction
Authors: Abulipizi Gulizhabaier , Abuduwaili Kadierya , Maihemuti Mailikezhati , Abulikemu Abudu Rexit , Tian Shiying
Published: October 2023

An efficient procedure for the deprotection of α,α,α-trihalogen (Cl, Br) methyl alcohols under mild reaction conditions to produce the corresponding aldehydes and haloforms is described. This method can be applied to the deprotection of aromatic, aliphatic, and heterocyclic trihalomethyl alcohol compounds.
[4+1] Cyclizations to Enantiopure Multifunctional Cyclopentanes from d-Glucose Using Formyl Dianion Synthons
Authors: Schaumann Ernst , Kirschning Andreas , Oelze Silke , Bräuer Nico , Michel Tycho
Published: October 2023

The [4+1] cyclization of a sugar-based epoxytosylate with various C1 dianion equivalents provide highly functionalized homochiral cyclopentane derivatives. For these, a follow-up chemistry was developed to provide various cyclopentane building blocks as starting points for natural product syntheses. The [4+1] domino protocol relies on a 1,4-Brook rearrangement, which is essential for generating the second carbanion.
Management of foreign body ingestion in adults: Time to STOP and rethink endoscopy
Authors: Tambakis George , Schildkraut Tamar , Delaney Isabella , Gilmore Robert , Loebenstein Moshe , Taylor Andrew , Holt Bronte , Tsoi Edward H , Cameron Georgina , Demediuk Barbara , Miller Ashley , Connell William , Wright Emily , Thompson Alexander , Holmes Jacinta
Published: October 2023

Background and study aims Foreign body ingestion is a common cause for Emergency Department presentation. In adults, foreign body ingestion is more common in patients with underlying psychiatric comorbidity, the elderly, alcohol intoxication, and in prisoners. This study reviewed the management of patients presenting to a tertiary hospital with foreign body ingestion.

Patients and methods A retrospective review of patients presenting with foreign body ingestion to a tertiary hospital in Melbourne, Victoria, was undertaken from January 2017 to December 2021. Data collected included patient demographics, type of foreign body, length of stay, imaging modalities, management strategies, and complications. High-risk ingestion was defined as sharp objects, length >5 cm, diameter >2.5 cm, button battery and/or magnet ingestion or esophageal as per international guidelines.

Results A total of 157 presentations by 63 patients with foreign body ingestion occurred between 2017 and 2021 (50% male; median age 30 years). Of the patients, 56% had underlying psychiatric comorbidities. The majority of presentations occurred in prisoners (65%). The most commonly ingested objects were batteries (23%), alleged drug-containing balloons (17%), razor blades (16%), and miscellaneous (40%). High-risk ingestion occurred in approximately two-thirds of presentations. Conservative management was the most common approach in 55% of patients. Complications, defined as perforation, bowel obstruction or fistula formation, did not occur in this cohort despite more than half presenting with high-risk ingestions. Thirty-day re-presentation rates were high (31%) and that was most common in patients with intentional ingestion, underlying mental health disorders, and a documented history of self-harm.

Conclusions Conservative management for patients presenting with recurrent high-risk foreign body ingestion was safe in appropriately selected cases. Re-presentation is common and poses significant challenges for health care providers.
Injection of Freshly Collected Adipose Tissue for the Treatment Complex Cryptoglandular Anal Fistula: Case Report
Authors: Londoño Estrada Daniel Mauricio , Fernandes Cristiane Koizimi Martos , Oliveira Marina Barbarela Grisolia de , Souza Gustavo Moreira Costa de , Rocha França-Neto Paulo , Lopes de Queiroz Fábio , Lacerda-Filho Antônio
Published: October 2023

Introduction Perianal fistula is a common colorectal disease which is caused mainly by cryptoglandular disease. Although most cases are treated successfully by surgery, management of complex perianal fistulas (CPAF) remains a challenge with limited results in recurrence and sometimes associated with fecal incontinence. The CPAF treatment with autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) had become a research hotspot. The technique started to be used in the treatment of Crohn's disease (CD) fistulas, where the studies showed safe and goods result from the procedure. Cultured ASCs have been used but this approach requires the preceding collection of adipose tissue, time for isolation of ASCs and subsequent in vitro expansion, need for laboratory facilities, and expertise in cell culturing. These factors have been getting over by using the commercially available alternative, allogenic ASCs. Treatment with allogeneic ASCs has shown good results in patients with CD fistulas, however with the disadvantage of being expensive. Objective To show that the injection with freshly collected adipose tissue is an alternative to treatment with autologous or allogenic ASCs with several advantages. Methods: In this case report, we show our first experience in the treatment of CPAF with the application of collected adipose tissue in a tertiary referral hospital from Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Results The patient had a good postoperative recuperation with a complete fistula healing after 8 months without adverse effects. Conclusion Injection with freshly collected adipose tissue is a promising and apparently safe sphincter-sparing technique in the treatment of CPAF.
Terahertz study of ambipolar transport in the semiconducting polymer poly-diketopyrrolopyrrole-terthiophene (PDPP3T)
Authors: Riederer P. , Eckel C. , Weitz R. T. , Kersting R.
Published: October 2023

Terahertz electromodulation spectroscopy is used to investigate charge transport in the semiconducting polymer poly-diketopyrrolopyrrole-terthiophene (PDPP3T). Both electrons and holes show band transport with a preferential conduction along the polymer chain. In devices with oriented thin-films, mobilities of 2.0 and 12.8 cm2/V s are measured for electrons and holes, respectively. Temperature-resolved and long-time measurements suggest that only a fraction of the injected charge carriers participate in band transport. Carrier trapping into localized states is identified as the major factor that limits the overall mobilities. According to the Ioffe–Regel criterion, the material's inherent mobilities are expected to significantly exceed the observed values.
Multicomponent solutions: Combining rules for multisolute osmotic virial coefficients
Authors: Binyaminov Hikmat , Elliott Janet A. W.
Published: October 2023

This paper presents an exploration of a specific type of a generalized multicomponent solution model, which appears to be first given by Saulov in the current explicit form. The assumptions of the underlying theory and a brief derivation of the main equation have been provided preliminarily for completeness and notational consistency. The resulting formulae for the Gibbs free energy of mixing and the chemical potentials are multivariate polynomials with physically meaningful coefficients and the mole fractions of the components as variables. With one additional assumption about the relative magnitudes of the solvent–solute and solute–solute interaction exchange energies, combining rules were obtained that express the mixed coefficients of the polynomial in terms of its pure coefficients. This was done by exploiting the mathematical structure of the asymmetric form of the solvent chemical potential equation. The combining rules allow one to calculate the thermodynamic properties of the solvent with multiple solutes from binary mixture data only (i.e., each solute with the solvent), and hence, are of practical importance. Furthermore, a connection was established between the osmotic virial coefficients derived in this work and the original osmotic virial coefficients of Hill found by employing a different procedure, illustrating the equivalency of what appears to be two different theories. A validation of the combining rules derived here has been provided in a separate paper where they were successfully used to predict the freezing points of ternary salt solutions of water.
Numerical investigation of the self-induced unsteadiness phenomenon in the impeller of a high-loading centrifugal compressor
Authors: Li Zi-Liang , Cheng Hong-Zhi , Wu Yun-Feng , Lu Xin-Gen , Han Ge
Published: October 2023

Unsteady flow phenomena are common in turbomachinery and have serious impacts on its stable operation. This paper reports a self-induced unsteady phenomenon inside a centrifugal impeller due to strong secondary flow that has not been previously reported. A high-loading centrifugal impeller is selected as the research object, an accurate three-dimensional model is established, and exhaustive numerical simulations are performed based on unsteady compressible Navier–Stokes equations. The unsteady performance of the compressor is measured in detail during the experiment, and the experimental results are compared with the numerical simulation results to verify the reliability of the numerical simulation method. The results of the unsteady pressure signal show the existence of unsteady phenomenon when the operating point is far away from the choke boundary. The power spectrum results of the unsteady pressure distribution at the impeller blade tip are analyzed, and two different modes of this unsteady phenomenon are confirmed. Higher-order frequency characteristics are not observed near the stall boundary. The detailed analysis of the flow field inside the impeller clarifies that the instability of the interface formed between the secondary flow and the main flow induces this unsteady phenomenon. This unsteady pressure disturbance propagates inside the blade passage through pressure waves, which contributes to the instability of the interface and the existence of this self-induced unsteady phenomenon.
Excellent conformality of atmospheric-pressure plasma-enhanced spatial atomic layer deposition with subsecond plasma exposure times
Authors: van de Poll Mike L. , Jain Hardik , Hilfiker James N. , Utriainen Mikko , Poodt Paul , Kessels Wilhelmus M. M. , Macco Bart
Published: October 2023

Atmospheric-pressure spatial atomic layer deposition (s-ALD) has emerged as a scalable deposition technique combining the advantages of ALD with high deposition rates, suitable for low-cost and high-volume applications. There is a growing interest in atmospheric-pressure plasma-enhanced spatial ALD (PE-s-ALD), e.g., to allow for deposition at reduced temperatures or for materials that are otherwise difficult to prepare by thermal ALD. For low-pressure PE-ALD, conformal films on high aspect ratio features have been achieved despite plasma radical recombination, and the aspects influencing conformality are fairly well understood. This work addresses surface recombination and conformality for atmospheric-pressure PE-s-ALD films. We demonstrate that conformality can be achieved for SiO2 and TiO2 films deposited by atmospheric-pressure PE-s-ALD inside high-aspect-ratio trenches with short plasma exposure times. Using plasma exposure of 0.73 s results in conformal SiO2 and TiO2 films in structures with aspect ratios of 74 and 219, respectively. Additionally, the recombination probabilities of oxygen radicals at atmospheric pressure are extracted to be 4×10−4 for SiO2 and 6×10−5 for TiO2. These results demonstrate that atmospheric-pressure PE-s-ALD can be used for conformal and high-speed depositions on 3D substrates.
Probing vibrational eigenmodes in diatom frustules via combined in silico computational study and atomic force microscopy experimentation
Authors: Cvjetinovic Julijana , Luchkin Sergey Yu. , Perevoschikov Stanislav , Davidovich Nickolai A. , Salimon Alexey I. , Bedoshvili Yekaterina D. , Somov Pavel A. , Lagoudakis Pavlos , Korsunsky Alexander M. , Gorin Dmitry A.
Published: October 2023

Diatom frustules, the intricately structured algal silica exoskeletons, have remarkable mechanical properties and so are ideal candidates for various engineering applications. This study presents a comprehensive investigation of the eigenmode resonance frequencies of diatom frustules through the combination of in silico and experimental characterization. The predictions for the diatom resonance frequencies in the range of 1–8 MHz, which were made by COMSOL Multiphysics, were experimentally validated using the optical detection system of the atomic force microscope. Precise measurement of the resonance frequencies of thin miniature shells, such as diatom frustules, is pivotal in enabling their use for vibration-based sensing and optimal design of diatom-inspired micro-electro-mechanical system devices, which can facilitate effective energy absorption, vibration damping, and highly sensitive detection.
IL-38 regulates intestinal stem cell homeostasis by inducing WNT signaling and beneficial IL-1β secretion
Authors: Dinarello Alberto , May Makenna , Amo-Aparicio Jesus , Azam Tania , Gaballa Joseph M. , Marchetti Carlo , Tesoriere Annachiara , Ghirardo Rachele , Redzic Jasmina S. , Webber William S. , Atif Shaikh M. , Li Suzhao , Eisenmesser Elan Z. , de Graaf Dennis M. , Dinarello Charles A.
Published: October 2023

The IL-1 Family member IL-38 has been characterized primarily as an antiinflammatory cytokine in human and mouse models of systemic diseases. Here, we examined the role of IL-38 in the murine small intestine (SI). Immunostaining of SI revealed that IL-38 expression partially confines to intestinal stem cells. Cultures of intestinal organoids reveal IL-38 functions as a growth factor by increasing organoid size via inducing WNT3a. In contrast, organoids from IL-38-deficient mice develop more slowly. This reduction in size is likely due to the downregulation of intestinal stemness markers (i.e.,
Fzd5
,
Ephb2
, and
Olfm4
) expression compared with wild-type organoids. The IL-38 binding to IL-1R6 and IL-1R9 is still a matter of debate. Therefore, to analyze the molecular mechanisms of IL-38 signaling, we also examined organoids from IL-1R9-deficient mice. Unexpectedly, these organoids, although significantly smaller than wild type, respond to IL-38, suggesting that IL-1R9 is not involved in IL-38 signaling in the stem cell crypt. Nevertheless, silencing of IL-1R6 disabled the organoid response to the growth property of IL-38, thus suggesting IL-1R6 as the main receptor used by IL-38 in the crypt compartment. In organoids from wild-type mice, IL-38 stimulation induced low concentrations of IL-1β which contribute to organoid growth. However, high concentrations of IL-1β have detrimental effects on the cultures that were prevented by treatment with recombinant IL-38. Overall, our data demonstrate an important regulatory function of IL-38 as a growth factor, and as an antiinflammatory molecule in the SI, maintaining homeostasis.
Shift of the insoluble content of the proteome in the aging mouse brain
Authors: Molzahn Cristen , Kuechler Erich R. , Zemlyankina Irina , Nierves Lorenz , Ali Tahir , Cole Grace , Wang Jing , Albu Razvan F. , Zhu Mang , Cashman Neil R. , Gilch Sabine , Karsan Aly , Lange Philipp F. , Gsponer Jörg , Mayor Thibault
Published: October 2023

During aging, the cellular response to unfolded proteins is believed to decline, resulting in diminished proteostasis. In model organisms, such as
Caenorhabditis elegans,
proteostatic decline with age has been linked to proteome solubility shifts and the onset of protein aggregation. However, this correlation has not been extensively characterized in aging mammals. To uncover age-dependent changes in the insoluble portion of a mammalian proteome, we analyzed the detergent-insoluble fraction of mouse brain tissue by mass spectrometry. We identified a group of 171 proteins, including the small heat shock protein α-crystallin, that become enriched in the detergent-insoluble fraction obtained from old mice. To enhance our ability to detect features associated with proteins in that fraction, we complemented our data with a meta-analysis of studies reporting the detergent-insoluble proteins in various mouse models of aging and neurodegeneration. Strikingly, insoluble proteins from young and old mice are distinct in several features in our study and across the collected literature data. In younger mice, proteins are more likely to be disordered, part of membraneless organelles, and involved in RNA binding. These traits become less prominent with age, as an increased number of structured proteins enter the pellet fraction. This analysis suggests that age-related changes to proteome organization lead a group of proteins with specific features to become detergent-insoluble. Importantly, these features are not consistent with those associated with proteins driving membraneless organelle formation. We see no evidence in our system of a general increase of condensate proteins in the detergent-insoluble fraction with age.
Legal labelling regime and its relevance on the translation of wine
labels (EN-ES-FR)
Authors: Ponce Gisella Policastro
Published: October 2023

Every translation requires a prior process that facilitates the
translation work and contributes to its correct execution at all levels.
Label translation requires a very particular and characteristic process in
which regulations play a very important role. In particular, wine labels
have gained more visibility due to consumer demands and market conditions.
Closely tied with this is the remarkable growth the wine sector experienced
in the recent years, in particular within the EU wine market. There has been
a large interest in the vitiviniculture industry, and the marketing of such
products has therefore increased. This in turn makes it necessary to draw up
which are the regulatory obligations we have to comply with when exporting a
wine product which is totally linked to labelling and its translation
process.
Non-expert wine discourse interpretation
Authors: Merino Ferradá María del Carmen
Published: October 2023

Analyses of how wine experts use language to describe wine
experience abound in academic works from different perspectives. However,
little attention has been devoted to understanding the processes underlying
wine discourse interpretation by general consumers, a large segment of the
wine community that often lacks essential specific lexical and conceptual
knowledge of the field. In this paper a proposal is built about how
non-expert wine discourse interpretation develops. Based on Relevance theory
together with a close analysis non-expert preferences and the specific
design of the linguistic stimuli, we construct a hypothesis about the
inferential nature of wine discourse interpretation and the lines along
which this process could develop.
Sipping or glugging
Authors: Gallardo Carmen Noya , Calderón-López María Isabel
Published: October 2023

Wine culture has increasingly become part of our lives. The
knowledge of the specific wine tasting terms is a major concern especially
for non-professionals and for non-expert consumers. One of the main
characteristics of this terminology is that it is constantly evolving and as
a result it affects wine descriptors. Our objective is to describe the main
characteristics of the processes and reasons for creating non-conventional
wine tasting terms from two different approaches, semantic and rhetorical.
Communicating our personal, subjective and pleasing experience and emotions,
and expressing them by means of familiar, ordinary and everyday life words,
which are considered to be unconventional in this field, is a recurrent
procedure as opposed to the use of conventional terms.
From wine description to wine formalization
Authors: Zarco-Tejada Mª Ángeles
Published: October 2023

In this paper we address the problem of formalizing content of
the wine domain within a more general ontological context and concentrate on
the adjective-noun constructions. For our research we have selected data
from the web and have faced the recent evaluative adjectives introduced to
describe wine these days. We show how some language uses convey aspects of
meaning that should be coded as part of the lexical semantics of the noun
“wine”, since understanding some metaphors is only possible if some
conventional activities related to wine are considered. For this purpose, we
have chosen Pustejovsky’s Qualia Structures and have suggested
Conventionalized Attributes (CA) as a means to represent hidden meanings
that are the bases for the correct interpretation of new metaphorical
uses.
Far-field pattern control and light-extraction enhancement of deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes with large-area Fresnel zone plate nano-structures
Authors: Wei Lingjie , Taniguchi Manabu , Hao Guo-Dong , Inoue Shin-ichiro
Published: October 2023

Conventional methods using high-purity quartz lenses to control deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diode (DUV-LED) far-field patterns have limitations, including small effective apertures and high cost. We apply phase-type Fresnel zone plates to control the beam angle and enhance light extraction efficiency (LEE) for DUV-LEDs on sapphire and AlN substrates. We demonstrate highly-collimated optics-free DUV-LED emissions with full width at half maximum far-field divergence angles of 40° and 10° on sapphire and AlN substrates at a peak emission wavelength of 279 nm and 273 nm, respectively. LEE enhancements of 1.4 and 1.5 times for DUV-LEDs on sapphire and AlN substrates, respectively, are also achieved.
Remaining useful life prediction of ball screw based on integrating preload and precision
Authors: Zhang Yishen , Zhou Changguang , Nie Conghui , Feng Hutian
Published: October 2023

Ball screw remaining useful life (RUL) prediction is of great interest to industry and academia. However, the lack of a reliable prediction model limits accuracy. To address this, a hybrid method that combines physical-based and data-driven methods is proposed. A novel integrated index is developed to capture wear degradation by integrating the preload and precision parameters, and the optimum partitioning method is used for wear stage categorization. A physical-based method of a two-stage empirical model is constructed to characterize the randomness and nonlinearity of the degradation process. Model parameters are initialized and updated using particle filtering (PF) through a data-driven method for RUL prediction. To address discontinuous predictions in the empirical model, the random forest with PF (RF-PF) method is employed. The effectiveness of this approach is evaluated through experiments and comparisons with other methods.
A novel roundness error evaluation method for high-speed EMU train axles
Authors: Wang Hao , Liu Changying , Hou Yuguang , Wang Libin , An Bowen , Liu Yang
Published: October 2023

This article proposes a novel roundness error evaluation method for high-speed electric multiple units (EMU) train axles to evaluate the roundness error of the minimum zone circle. This method utilizes the adaptive ability of Bayesian linear regression to the data to solve the initial center of the circle, avoiding the multiple search process, which not only improves the data utilization and simplifies the solving steps but also has a strong noise immunity. The method first establishes a Hough space model, maps the collected data points to the Hough space, and forms different conical surfaces; then, by Bayesian linear regression, the probability density function is set with the distance from the space point to the conical surface as a parameter, and through continuous iteration, the point with the highest probability value is the more accurate initial center of the circle. Finally, the final optimal center of the circle is obtained by the principle of minimum inclusion region. We conducted experimental studies on axles of different diameters and compared them with other methods. The results prove the practicality and effectiveness of the technique.
Highly efficient, self-powered UV photodiodes based on leadfree perovskite nanocrystals through interfacial engineering
Authors: Huang Xiaoyu , Sun Hong-Tao , Shirahata Naoto
Published: October 2023

Double perovskite crystals are promising alternatives for lead-based perovskites that has potential to address toxicity and instability issues. In this study, Cs2AgBiCl6 nanocrystals (NCs) with high absorption coefficients were synthesized by hot-injection method. The bandgap engineering was realized by tuning the halide composition in Cs2AgBiCl6 to Cs2AgBiBr6. Both NCs were used as light-absorbing layers in lead-free perovskite photodiodes that exhibit wavelength-selectivity for UV–visible light operatable even at a bias voltage of 0 V. Cs2AgBiBr6-based photodiode exhibits a characteristic detection peak at 340 nm with a responsivity of 3.21 mA W−1, a specific detectivity up to 8.91 × 1010 Jones and a fast response speed with a rise/fall time of 30/35 ms. The excellent performance of self-driven photodiodes lights up the prospect of lead-free perovskite NCs in highly efficient optoelectronic devices.
Weighing demonstration experiment based on light spot deflection method
Authors: Yang Fan , Cao Yuqing , Li Jiameng , Song Yue , Zhang Kaiyang
Published: October 2023

The cantilever beam is a well-known mechanical model among science and engineering students. In general physics experiments, the light spot deflection method serves as an optical amplification technique for measuring small rotations. In this study, a method for measuring the angular deformation of a cantilever beam using the light spot deflection method is proposed and applied to weight measurement. Furthermore, we replaced the scaleplate in the traditional light spot deflection method with charge-coupled device (CCD). By employing the linear arrangement of CCD pixels and the digital speckle algorithm, the convenience and accuracy of the spot movement measurement have been greatly improved.
Design study of a novel geometrical arrangement for an in-beam small animal positron emission tomography scanner
Authors: Lovatti Giulio , Nitta Munetaka , Javad Safari Mohammad , Gianoli Chiara , Pinto Marco , Dedes Georgios , Zoglauer Andreas , Thirolf Peter G , Parodi Katia
Published: October 2023

Objective. We designed a geometrical solution for a small animal in-beam positron emission tomography (PET) scanner to be used in the project SIRMIO (Small animal proton irradiator for research in molecular image-guided radiation-oncology). The system is based on 56 scintillator blocks of pixelated LYSO crystals. The crystals are arranged providing a pyramidal-step shape to optimize the geometrical coverage in a spherical configuration. Approach. Different arrangements have been simulated and compared in terms of spatial resolution and sensitivity. The chosen setup enables us to reach a good trade-off between a solid angle coverage and sufficient available space for the integration of additional components of the first design prototype of the SIRMIO platform. The possibility of moving the mouse holder inside the PET scanner furthermore allows for achieving the optimum placement of the irradiation area for all the possible tumor positions in the body of the mouse. The work also includes a study of the scintillator material where LYSO and GAGG are compared with a focus on the random coincidence noise due to the natural radioactivity of Lutetium in LYSO, justifying the choice of LYSO for the development of the final system. Main results. The best imaging performance can be achieved with a sub-millimeter spatial resolution and sensitivity of 10% in the center of the scanner, as verified in thorough simulations of point sources. The simulation of realistic irradiation scenarios of proton beams in PMMA targets with/without air gaps indicates the ability of the proposed PET system to detect range shifts down to 0.2 mm. Significance. The presented results support the choice of the identified optimal design for a novel spherical in-beam PET scanner which is currently under commissioning for application to small animal proton and light ion irradiation, and which might find also application, e.g. for biological image-guidance in x-ray irradiation.
A key mutation in magnesium chelatase I subunit leads to a chlorophyll-deficient mutant of tea (Camellia sinensis)
Authors: Zhang Chenyu , Liu Haoran , Wang Junya , Li Yuanyuan , Liu Dingding , Ye Yuanyuan , Huang Rong , Li Sujuan , Chen Liang , Chen Jiedan , Yao Mingzhe , Ma Chunlei
Published: October 2023

Tea (Camellia sinensis) is a highly important beverage crop renowned for its unique flavour and health benefits. Chlorotic mutants of tea, known worldwide for their umami taste and economic value, have gained global popularity. However, the genetic basis of this chlorosis trait remains unclear. In this study, we identified a major-effect quantitative trait locus (QTL), qChl-3, responsible for the chlorosis trait in tea leaves, linked to a non-synonymous polymorphism (G1199A) in the magnesium chelatase I subunit (CsCHLI). Homozygous CsCHLIA plants exhibited an albino phenotype due to defects in magnesium protoporphyrin IX and chlorophylls in the leaves. Biochemical assays revealed that CsCHLI mutations did not affect subcellular localization or interactions with CsCHLIG and CsCHLD. However, combining CsCHLIA with CsCHLIG significantly reduced ATPase activity. RNA-seq analysis tentatively indicated that CsCHLI inhibited photosynthesis and enhanced photoinhibition, which in turn promoted protein degradation and increased the amino acid levels in chlorotic leaves. RT-qPCR and enzyme activity assays confirmed the crucial role of asparagine synthetase and arginase in asparagine and arginine accumulation, with levels increasing over 90-fold in chlorotic leaves. Therefore, this study provides insights into the genetic mechanism underlying tea chlorosis and the relationship between chlorophyll biosynthesis and amino acid metabolism.