bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of Cyanobacterial Global Metabolom in Response to Light and Temperature Variations
Authors: Le Moigne Damien , Demay Justine , Reinhardt Anita , Bernard Cécile , Kim Tiam Sandra , Marie Benjamin
Published: August 2021

Cyanobacteria are microorganisms able to adapt to a wide variety of environmental conditions and abiotic stresses. They produce a very large number of metabolites that can participate in the adaptation of cyanobacteria to a large range of resources such as light, temperature, or nutrient. The metabolites variation is one way to understand the physiological status and adaptation of cells. In this study, we aim to understand how the diversity and the dynamics of the whole metabolome is dependent of the growth phases and under control of abiotic factors (e.g. light intensity and temperature). The cyanobacteria Aliinostoc sp. PMC 882.14 was selected for its large number of biosynthetic gene clusters. Metabolomes were analyzed by using mass spectrometry (qTOF-MS/MS) combined with untargeted analysis to investigate the metabolite dynamics. Significant variations were characterized between exponential and stationary phases, whatever the culture conditions (“control”, “higher light”, or “higher temperature”). ”Higher light” and “higher temperature” favored the synthesis of metabolites belonging to the same molecular families. Among highly regulated metabolites, we observe the presence of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), and various variants of somamides, microginins, and microviridins. Through Aliinostoc sp. PMC 882.14, this study shows the importance of knowing the physiological state of cyanobacteria for comparative global metabolomics and questions the regulation processes involve into metabolite families production. Our results also open up new perspectives in the context of the production of targeted bioactive metabolites.
Quotation Errors in High-Impact-Factor Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Journals
Authors: Gazendam Aaron , Cohen Daniel , Morgan Samuel , Ekhtiari Seper , Ghert Michelle
Published: August 2021

Background:

Inappropriate referencing of the existing literature has the potential to propagate false information. Quotation errors are defined as citations in which the referenced article fails to substantiate the authors’ claims. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of quotation errors in high-impact general orthopaedic and sports medicine journals and to determine whether there are article or journal-related factors that are related to the rate of inaccuracies.

Methods:

A total of 250 citations from the 5 orthopaedic and sports medicine journals with the highest impact factors in 2019 (per Journal Citation Reports) were chosen using a random sequence generator. Reviewers rated the chosen citations by comparing the claims made by the authors with the data and conclusions of the referenced source to determine whether quotation errors were present. Logistic regression was utilized to assess for article- and journal-related factors related to the rate of quotation errors.

Results:

The overall quotation error rate was 13.6%. A total of 2.8% of the claims were completely unsubstantiated. The number of quotation errors did not significantly differ between the included journals. Single citations were significantly more likely than string citations to result in citations that could not be fully substantiated (χ
2
= 4.57; odds ratio = 2.22; 95% confidence interval = 1.06 to 4.66; p = 0.03). No relationship was found between the rate of quotation errors and the total number of citations in the article, study type, or the graded level of evidence of the article.

Conclusions:

Quotation errors in high-impact factor orthopaedic and sports medicine journals are common. This is particularly important given the higher likelihood that studies in these journals are cited elsewhere, thus propagating the inaccuracies. Efforts from both authors and journals are needed to reduce quotation errors in the orthopaedic literature.
Sharia Cooperative Institutional Development: The Block Chain Approach (Case Study in Bulak, Surabaya City)
Authors: Lilik Ekowanti Masroro , Sulestiani Aniek , Taufik Raharja Wildan
Published: August 2021

A community-based institutional building of syariah cooperatives requires information and communication technology. This has led to a block chain approach that benefit from the industrial revolution 4.0. The institutional concept that was developed 60 years ago by JE. Eaton (1972)  is very relevant in this context.  In this study, we employ a qualitative method with descriptive research.  Our findings shows that community response to knowledge and awareness for adopting syariah cooperative is satisfactorily good as indicated by the establishment of a syariah pra-cooperative named "Nurus Shobah" in 2019. The output performance is effective : the number of members increased up to 34%, while the quality of sirkah is 98%. Hampering factors are delayed adoption of block chain approach due to lack of exposition to members, underperforming of software, and administration is still manually carried out. A supportive factor exists in which functionally, the cooperative has been partnering with neighbouring university through a supervision program. We therefore conclude that the institutional building of syariah cooperative in Bulak, Surabaya has not been fully implemented. A block chain approach is to be soon adopted to support the cooperative
Analysis of Need for Teaching Materials Based STEM-PjBL Assisted by Instructional Videos on Topic Voltaic Cells
Authors: Rokhim Deni Ainur , Syafruddin Afis Baghiz , Widarti Hayuni Retno
Published: August 2021

In the era of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), Indonesia was led to prepare competitive, skilled and expert human resources so that they could compete with other countries. Therefore, the preparation of teaching materials is ideal for optimizing the involvement of students in the learning process of chemistry especially the famous abstract voltaic cell material. The low ability of students to think formally leads to difficulty understanding submicroscopic aspects so that there is the potential for misunderstanding on the topic of this voltaic cell. The purpose of this study is to explain the analysis of the needs in the development of teaching materials on the topic of STEM-PjBL-based voltaic cells assisted with learning videos. This type of research is used descriptive research with open and closed questionnaire techniques. The results of the study found that teachers and students still use conventional teaching materials that have not been integrated with approaches and methods. In addition, these teaching materials have not used information and communication technology that is more in demand by students. Thus it can be seen that overall the development of voltaic cell textbooks based on specific approaches and methods is still needed with integrated information and communication technology.
Bone-Targeted Erythrocyte-Cancer Hybrid Membrane-Camouflaged Nanoparticles For Enhancing Photothermal And Hypoxia-Activated Chemotherapy of Bone Invasion By OSCC
Authors: Chen Hongying , Deng Jiang , Yao Xintong , He Yungang , Li Hanyue , Jian Zhixiang , Tang Yi , Zhang Xiaoqing , Zhang Jingqing , Dai Hongwei
Published: August 2021

Background: Jaw bones are the most common organs to be invaded by oral malignancies, such as oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), because of their special anatomical relationship. Various serious complications, such as pathological fractures and bone pain can significantly decrease the quality of life or even survival outcomes for a patient. Although chemotherapy is a promising strategy for bone invasion treatment, its clinical applications are limited by the lack of tumor-specific targeting and poor permeability in bone tissue. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a smart bone and cancer dual targeting drug delivery platform. Results: We designed a dual targeting nano-biomimetic drug delivery vehicle Asp8[H40-TPZ/IR780@(RBC-H)] that has excellent bone and cancer targeting as well as immune escape abilities to treat malignancies in jaw bones. These nanoparticles were camouflaged with a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma WSU-HN6 cell (H) and red blood cell (RBC) hybrid membrane, which were modified by an oligopeptide of eight aspartate acid (Asp8). The spherical morphology and typical core-shell structure of biomimetic nanoparticles were observed by transmission electron microscopy. These nanoparticles exhibited the same surface proteins as those of WSU-HN6 and RBC. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy showed a greater uptake of the biomimetic nanoparticles when compared to bare H40-PEG nanoparticles. Biodistribution of the nanoparticles in vivo revealed that they were mainly localized in the area of bone invasion by WSU-HN6 cells. Moreover, the Asp8[H40-TPZ/IR780@(RBC-H)] nanoparticles exhibited effective cancer growth inhibition properties when compared to other TPZ or IR780 formulations.Conclusions: Asp8[H40-TPZ/IR780@(RBC-H)] has bone targeting, tumor-homing and immune escape abilities, therefore, it is an efficient multi-targeting drug delivery platform for achieving precise anti-cancer therapy during bone invasion.
Se-PKSE: Secure Public-Key Searchable Encryption for Cloud-Assisted Lightweight Platforms
Authors: Mouri Israt Jahan , Ridowan Muhammad , Adnan Muhammad Abdullah
Published: August 2021

Since more and more data from lightweight platforms like IoT devices are being outsourced to the cloud, the need to ensure privacy while retaining data usability is important. Encrypting documents before uploading to the cloud, ensures privacy but reduces data usability. Searchable encryption, specially public-key searchable encryption (PKSE), allows secure keyword search in the cloud over encrypted documents uploaded from IoT devices. However, most existing PKSE schemes focus on returning all the files that match the queried keyword, which is not practical. To achieve a secure, practical, and efficient keyword search, we design a dynamic ranked PKSE framework over encrypted cloud data named \textit{Secure Public-Key Searchable Encryption} (Se-PKSE). We leverage a partially homomorphically encrypted index tree structure that provides sub-linear ranked search capability and allows dynamic insertion/deletion of documents without the owner storing any document details. An interactive search mechanism is introduced between the user and the cloud to eliminate trapdoors from the search request to ensure search keyword privacy and forward privacy. Finally, we implement a prototype of Se-PKSE and test it in the Amazon EC2 for practicality using the RFC dataset. The comprehensive evaluation demonstrates that Se-PKSE is efficient and secure for practical deployment.
Nanoselenium Enhanced Wheat Resistance to Aphids by Regulating Biosynthesis of DIMBOA and Volatile Components
Authors: zhou chunran , Li dong , shi xinlei , zhang jingbang , an quanshun , wu yangliu , kang lu , Li jia-qi , Pan Canping
Published: August 2021

Aphid s are one of the most destructive insects in many cultivated plants including wheat, which can cause significant yield loss and damage the quality of agricultural products. Therefore, it is essential to control the occurrence of aphids during wheat growth. Previous studies reported the alterations in the resistance of wheat to pests induced by several external factors such as nutrients in soils and nano-carbonaceous materials. In this study, nanoselenium (nano-Se) was sprayed on wheat leaves at several concentration levels (1.0, 5.0, and 20 mg/L). Nano-Se (5.0 mg/L) could significantly reduce Sitobion avenae number (36%) compared with the control . The foliar application of nano-Se was found to enhance the antioxidation capacity by reducing MDA concentration and increasing GSH-Px, CAT, GSH, Pro and VE concentrations. Phenylpropane pathway was activated after the application of nano-Se, with significantly increasing apigenin and caffeic acid concentrations. The high-level expression of the related genes ( TaBx1A , TaBx3A , TaBx4A, TaASMT2, and TaCOMT ) induced the increasing melatonin concentration by 88.6% and DIMBOA concentration by 64.3%. Different ratios of the secondary metabolites to nano-Se were conducted to examine the effects on wheat resistance to the Sitobion avenae . The results revealed the combination of nano-Se and melatonin can achieve the best overall performance by reducing the Sitobion avenae infection by 52.2%. The results from this study suggest that the coordinative applications nano-Se and melatonin combination could be more effectively improve the wheat resistance to aphids via promotion of volatile organic compound synthesis and modulation in phenylpropane and indole metabolism pathways.
A Modified Q-Learning Algorithm for Robot Path Planning in a Digital Twin Assembly System
Authors: Guoa Xiaowei
Published: August 2021

Product assembly is an important stage in complex product manufacturing. How to intelligently plan the assembly process based on dynamic product and environment information has become an pressing issue needs to be addressed. For this reason, this research has constructed a digital twin assembly system, including virtual and real interactive feedback, data fusion analysis and decision-making iterative optimization modules. In the virtual space, a modified Q-learning algorithm is proposed to solve the path planning problem in product assembly. The proposed algorithm speeds up the convergence speed by adding dynamic reward function, optimizes the initial Q table by introducing knowledge and experience through the case-based reasoning (CBR) algorithm, and prevents entry into the trapped area through the obstacle avoiding method. Finally, take the six-joint robot UR10 as an example to verify the performance of the algorithm in the three-dimensional pathfinding space. The experimental results show that the modified Q-learning algorithm's pathfinding performance is significantly better than the original Q-learning algorithm.
Pollen Grain Number and Viability Contribute to Variation in Effective Ovule Number Among Oilseed Rape Genotypes
Authors: Guo Xiao , Ma Bao-Luo , McLaughlin Neil B. , gao Yajun , Wu Xiaoming , Chen Biyun
Published: August 2021

While no significant differences in initial ovule number were found among oilseed rape genotypes, there was a large variation in effective ovule number (EON), which determines the final seeds per silique (SPS), a critical component of yield. In this study, we selected 18 oilseed rape genotypes with contrasting nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE) to unravel the main factors responsible for different EON and determine the critical period of EON formation under both a field and a pot experiments from 2016-2018. The high NUtE genotypes displayed significantly higher NUtE by 14.3%, along with greater yield per plant (29.4%) and SPS (21.1%) than the low NUtE genotypes. The greater productivity of the high NUtE genotypes was associated with 44.1% higher pollen grain number, 23.5% greater pollen viability, and 39.3% lower ovule abortion rate, compared to the low NUtE genotypes. In addition, the heart stage was the critical ovule development period for delineating the variability of EON among contrasting NUtE oilseed rape genotypes, when the high NUtE genotypes displayed higher silique net photosynthetic rate, surface area, biomass, and RNA expression levels. Taken together, this study indicated the pollen grain number, pollen viability and ovule abortion rate contributed to the final variation in EON and the heart stage was the critical period of determining the EON differences among contrasting NUtE genotypes. Increasing pollen grain number and pollen viability, and decreasing ovule abortion rate before heart stage should be the prerequisite for breeders to improve yield and NUtE of oilseed rape genotypes.
“Together Forever”: friendship of The USSR and PRC in the optics of the Soviet provincial newspapers
Authors: Авдашкин А.А. , Сибиряков И.В.
Published: August 2021

Статья посвящена изображению советско-китайской дружбы в провинциальной печати на примере газет Челябинска и Магнитогорска. При работе с этими источниками, большая часть которых впервые введена в научный оборот, авторы использовали имагологический метод и дискурс-анализ. Этот инструментарий позволил проанализировать ведущие образы советско-китайской дружбы, транслировавшиеся в советской провинциальной периодике в исследуемый период. Они складывались из описаний китайских практикантов на промышленных предприятиях, презентации ведущей роли СССР в построении социализма в Китае и демонстраций крепких дружеских связей, возникших между уральцами и китайскими тружениками.

The article is devoted to the image of Soviet-Chinese friendship in the provincial press on the example of the newspapers of Chelyabinsk and Magnitogorsk. Most of the sources are first introduced into scientific circulation. The authors used the imagological method and discourse analysis. Using this toolkit, we analyzed the basic images of Soviet-Chinese friendship, which were broadcast in the Soviet provincial periodicals. The images of friendship developed on the basis of descriptions of Chinese trainees at industrial enterprises, a presentation of the leading role of the USSR in building socialism in China, and demonstrations of the strong friendly ties that arose between the Urals and Chinese workers.
Visual effects of the medieval justice
Authors: Тогоева О.И.
Published: August 2021

В статье анализируется проблема зрительного восприятия средневекового правосудия как одного из важнейших элементов (само)репрезентации судебной власти. Обращаясь как к письменным, так и к изобразительным источникам, автор предлагает по-новому взглянуть на средневековые судебные здания, их интерьеры и убранство, на фигуры самих представителей власти и попытаться реконструировать особенности их визуального восприятия участниками заседаний и современниками в целом.

The article analyzes the problem of the visual perception of medieval justice as one of the most important elements of (self)representations of the judiciary. Referring to both written and pictorial sources, the author offers a new look at the medieval court buildings, their interiors and decoration, the figures of the authorities themselves, and tries to reconstruct the features of their visual perception by the direct participants of the sessions and their contemporaries.
“Jarnac’s Blow”: Local memory and the conflict of historical interpretations
Authors: Неклюдова М.С.
Published: August 2021

В статье рассматривается казус, связанный с выражением «удар Жарнака» (coup de Jarnac), которое существует во французском языке по меньшей мере три столетия. Считается, что оно отсылает к последнему судебному поединку, имевшему место во Франции в 1547 г. Во время него один из дуэлянтов, Ги Шабо де Жарнак, смог ловким выпадом ранить своего противника, что и объясняет появление идиомы. Однако с высокой степенью вероятности она связана с другим событием, которое произошло на два десятилетия позже. В 1569 г. в сражении под Жарнаком выстрелом из пистолета был убит предводитель гугенотов, принц де Конде, причем произошло это в тот момент, когда он сдался на милость победителя. Статья посвящена месту обоих этих событий в национальной и лингвистической памяти.

This article examines the expression "Jarnac’s blow" (coup de Jarnac), which existed in the French at least for three centuries. Supposedly it refers to the last judicial duel that took place in France in 1547. During the fight one of the duelists, Guy Chabot de Jarnac, was able to wound his opponent with a dexterous thrust, which explains the appearance of the idiom. However, it is highly probable that it was associated with another event that occurred two decades later. In 1569, at the battle of Jarnac, the leader of the Huguenots, Prince de Condé, was treacherously shot at the moment when he surrendered to the mercy of the winner. The article is devoted to the interpretation of these events in national and linguistic memory.
Application of Optimal Combined Microfertilizers of Boron, Molybdenum, and Copper Improves Root Tuber Yield Trait and Photosynthetic Response Characteristics in Pseudostellaria heterophylla
Authors: Ma Yingli , Yuan Tingting , Wang Tao , Li Jiaxin , Xu Zhongqiu , Luo Siqian , Xie Yinfeng
Published: August 2021

In the actual cultivation process, blind fertilizer application was widespread, resulting in a serious decline in the yield of Pseudostellaria heterophylla. We used the 3414 fertilizer experiment design to study the effects of combined Boron (B), Molybdenum (Mo), and Copper (Cu) on the growth indexes, diurnal changes of photosynthesis, and rapid fluorescence induction dynamics in P. heterophylla. Our results show that the optimal combination of B, Mo, and Cu simultaneously promoted the growth of underground and aboveground parts, and significantly improved the quality of single root tuber and yield per unit area. The best combination was treatment 9 (T9 = B, 1 g/L; Mo, 0.08 g/L; Cu, 0.05 g/L), and resulted in a 35.1% increase in yield per unit area compared with the control group (T1). Although the optimal combined application of microfertilizers did not change the bimodal trend of diurnal variation of photosynthesis, it effectively increased the daily average, peak, and valley values of the photosynthetic rate by alleviating the nonstomatal limitation and the photosynthetic midday depression. Pseudostellaria heterophylla leaves showed greater photochemical activity and less photoinhibition of photosystem II in T9. Major effects were that it helped protect the activity of the oxygen-evolving complex to reduce the oxidative damage of chloroplasts and prevent the dissociation of thylakoid. The microfertilizer application also enhanced the electron receiving ability of the QB and plastoquinone (PQ) electronic pools, thereby increasing the ability of electron transfer from QA to QB. The number of reaction centers per unit area was promoted notably by the fertilization treatment.
Investigating Factors Influencing Consumer Adoption of Low-input Turfgrasses
Authors: Yue Chengyan , Cui Manlin , Watkins Eric , Patton Aaron
Published: August 2021

Important financial savings, along with reductions in environmental impact, can be achieved by planting lawns with low-input turfgrass species. Drawing on data from an online survey, this article provides empirical evidence on the factors that influence consumers’ willingness to adopt low-input turfgrasses. We group consumers into two segments: Willing Adopters and Reluctant Homeowners. Regardless of segment, consumers who regard maintenance requirements as more important were more willing to adopt low-input turfgrasses, whereas those who placed a higher value on appearance, were more unlikely to change to a low-input turfgrass, especially for Reluctant Homeowners. We categorized the barriers to adoption as follows: 1) Promotion, 2) Benefits and Accessibility, 3) Peer Effect, 4) Sample, and 5) Information. Our models predict that consumers’ willingness to adopt low-input turfgrass can be significantly increased if the identified barriers are removed. Based on our study, suppliers/retailers should adopt heterogeneous and multiple marketing strategies, such as promoting through multiple channels, informing and advising the public on proper information, providing photos or exhibiting in-store samples, triggering communication between different types of consumers, and providing incentives and improving accessibility, to target different consumer groups.
Tolerance to Virulence Phenotypes of Phytophthora capsici in Pasilla Pepper Cultivars
Authors: Reyes-Tena Alfredo , Rodríguez-Alvarado Gerardo , de Jesús Luna-Ruíz José , Arreola-Romero Viridiana , Arriaga-Solorio Kirsten Lizeth , Gómez-Dorantes Nuria , Fernández-Pavía Sylvia P.
Published: August 2021

Phytophthora capsici is the most important limiting factor in the production of chile pepper in Mexico. This pathogen presents virulence phenotypes capable of infecting diverse cultivars of this crop. The search and development of resistance in chile pepper is an excellent alternative for the management of P. capsici. The objective of this work was to evaluate the response of four pasilla pepper cultivars to infection with five virulence phenotypes of P. capsici. Pasilla pepper landraces PAS-1, PAS-2, PAS-3, and PAS-4 were inoculated with P. capsici isolates MX-1, MX-2, MX-7, MX-8, and MX-10. Two experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions from April through June 2017 and April through June 2018. ‘California Wonder’ was included as a susceptible control, and uninoculated plants were included as a negative control. In each experiment, groups of six 56-day-old plants from each pepper cultivar were inoculated with each virulence phenotype. Disease severity was evaluated 20 days after inoculation using an individual plant severity scale. All pepper cultivars were classified as resistant = R, moderately resistant (MR), tolerant (T), moderately tolerant (MT), or susceptible (S), according to the frequency of resistant plants (severity 0–1). ‘California Wonder’ and ‘PAS-4’ were susceptible to all five virulence phenotypes. The rest had different responses to the virulence phenotypes, but ‘PAS-2’ and ‘PAS-3’ were susceptible to only one of the five virulence phenotypes. Pasilla peppers with low severity exhibited a slow rate of infection, which is a mechanism we have called “slow wilting.” The pasilla pepper cultivars PAS-1, PAS-2, and PAS-3 could be used in plant breeding programs as sources of genetic tolerance and moderate resistance against P. capsici.
Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Ixora Coccinea Leaf Extract for Ethanol Vapour Sensing
Authors: Joshi Leela Pradhan , Khatri Bal Vikram , Gyawali Sumana , Gajurel Shiromani , Chaudhary Dinesh Kumar
Published: August 2021

This article reports the effects of natural plant proteins on the morphology of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) prepared via a precipitation method. Green synthesised ZnONPs have a wide range of uses such as biomedical applications, water purification, optical devices and gas sensors. The non-toxic and economical technique described in this article is favourable for large-scale production too. ZnONPs were produced from a zinc acetate precursor with dye extract of Ixora Coccinea (IC) leaves as a capping agent. The as-prepared ZnONPs were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV-visible (UV-vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) techniques. The XRD analysis showed an average crystallite size of 23 nm. The SEM analysis revealed a reduction in aggregation of ZnO crystallites due to addition of dye extracts of IC. EDX and UV-vis results confirmed the formation of pure ZnONPs. Finally, the gas sensing properties of ZnO films, prepared by doctor blade method, were used to detect ethanol vapour. The results showed gas response ratios of 28.7 and 5.4 at 800 ppm and 40 ppm exposure, respectively. Furthermore, the response time and recovery time were found to be 24 sec and 47 sec, respectively at 200 ppm exposure of ethanol vapour.
The Effects of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Quantum Dots (QDs) Embedment on the
Physicochemical Properties and Photocatalytic Activity of Titanium Dioxide
(TiO2) Nanoparticles
Authors: Iqbal Anwar , Saidu Usman , Adam Farook , Sreekantan Srimala , Jasni Normawati , Ahmad Mohammad Norazmi
Published: August 2021

In this study, a detailed investigation on the effect of zinc oxide (ZnO) quantum dots (QDs) embedment on the physicochemical properties of anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2) was conducted. The highly porous nanocomposite labelled as ZQT was prepared via the sol-gel assisted hydrothermal method. The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicates that the average crystallite size of the ZnO QDs, anatase TiO2 (TiO2 NPs) and ZQT were 4.45 nm, 9.22 nm and 11.38 nm, respectively. Photoluminescent (PL) analysis detected the presence of defects related to TiO2, oxygen vacancies and quantum confinement effect (QCE) of the ZnO QDs in ZQT. These features enhanced the photodegradation of tetracycline (TC) under 48 watt of fluorescent light irradiation when ZQT (98.0%) was used compared to TiO2NPs (32.4%) and ZnO QDs (68.8%). The photodegradation activity was driven by O2●− followed by ●OH and h+.
Preliminary Study on Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Multimaterials
ABS/PC Parts: Effect of Printing Parameters
Authors: Yap Pui-Voon , Chan Ming-Yeng , Koay Seong-Chun
Published: August 2021

This research work highlights the mechanical properties of multi-material by fused deposition modelling (FDM). The specimens for tensile and flexural test have been printed using polycarbonate (PC) material at different combinations of printing parameters. The effects of varied printing speed, infill density and nozzle diameter on the mechanical properties of specimens have been investigated. Multi-material specimens were fabricated with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) as the base material and PC as the reinforced material at the optimum printing parameter combination. The specimens were then subjected to mechanical testing to observe their tensile strength, Young’s modulus, percentage elongation, flexural strength and flexural modulus. The outcome of replacing half of ABS with PC to create a multi-material part has been examined. As demonstrated by the results, the optimum combination of printing parameters is 60 mm/s printing speed, 15% infill density and 0.8 mm nozzle diameter. The combination of ABS and PC materials as reinforcing material has improved the tensile strength (by 38.46%), Young’s modulus (by 23.40%), flexural strength (by 23.90%) and flexural modulus (by 37.33%) while reducing the ductility by 14.31% as compared to pure ABS. The results have been supported by data and graphs of the analysed specimens.
Validation of clinopyroxene-garnet magnesium isotope geothermometer to constrain the peak metamorphic temperature in ultrahigh-temperature ultramafic-mafic granulites
Authors: Gou Long-Long , Zhai Ming-Guo , Zhang Cheng-Li , George P.M. , Huang Kang-Jun , Xu Xiao-Fei , Lu Jun-Sheng , Zhao Yan , Ao Wen-Hao , Hu Yu-Hua , Zhou Feng
Published: August 2021

Conventional Fe-Mg exchange geothermometers generally are not effective means to measure the peak metamorphic temperatures of granulites because of Fe-Mg diffusion during the re-equilibration during the exhumation and cooling. Therefore, it is essential to find alternative geothermometers. In this study, we investigated the magnitude of Mg isotope fractionation between the coexisting clinopyroxene and garnet in garnet pyroxenites and high-pressure mafic granulites from southern India. The clinopyroxene and garnet from the garnet pyroxenites have δ26Mg values of −0.04 to −0.07‰, and −0.65 to −0.64‰, respectively, with Δ26MgCpx-Grt = δ26MgCpx − δ26MgGrt = 0.62 and 0.57‰. The δ26Mg values of the coexisting clinopyroxene and garnet in the high-pressure mafic granulites are 0.03 to 0.07‰ and −0.54 to −0.55‰, respectively, with Δ26MgCpx-Grt = 0.57 and 0.62‰. The inter-mineral Mg isotope fractionations between the clinopyroxene and garnet of the garnet pyroxenites are similar to those of the high-pressure mafic granulites and more or less fall within the equilibrium fractionation lines at peak metamorphic temperatures. The measured peak temperatures for all four samples indicate equilibrium Mg isotope fractionations between the clinopyroxene and garnet. The clinopyroxene-garnet Mg isotope geothermometer of Li et al. (2016) yields temperatures of 994 ± 60 °C and 1048 ± 89 °C for the garnet pyroxenites, and 1048 ± 89 °C and 994 ± 65 °C for the high-pressure mafic granulites, which are slightly lower than those at both 10 and 12 kbar from the clinopyroxene-garnet Mg isotope thermometer of Huang et al. (2013). Compared with the peak metamorphic conditions from phase equilibrium modeling, the clinopyroxene-garnet Mg isotope thermometry yielded temperatures corresponding to the peak metamorphic conditions of the garnet pyroxenites and the high-pressure mafic granulites, whereas the conventional clinopyroxene-garnet Fe-Mg exchange thermometry yielded lower temperatures corresponding to the retrograde metamorphism. These results underscore the inter-mineral Fe-Mg exchange between clinopyroxene and garnet during the retrograde cooling of the ultrahigh temperature (>900 °C), which, however, did not disturb their Mg isotope fractionation equilibrium attained during the ultrahigh-temperature metamorphic condition. Therefore, we conclude that clinopyroxene-garnet Mg isotope thermometry, together with phase equilibrium modeling, is a valid tool to constrain the peak metamorphic temperature conditions even for ultramafic-mafic granulites that have undergone ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism.
Uranotungstite, the only natural uranyl tungstate: Crystal structure revealed from 3D electron diffraction
Authors: Steciuk Gwladys , Kolitsch Uwe , Goliáš Viktor , Škoda Radek , Plášil Jakub , Schmidt Franz Xaver
Published: August 2021

Uranotungstite is an uranyl-tungstate mineral that was until recently only partially characterized with a formula originally given as (Fe2+,Ba,Pb)(UO2)2(WO4)(OH)4·12H2O and an unknown crystal structure. This mineral has been reinvestigated by electron microprobe analysis coupled with three-dimensional electron diffraction. According to the electron microprobe data, the holotype material from the Menzenschwand uranium deposit (Black Forest, Germany) has the empirical formula (Ba0.35Pb0.27)Σ0.62[(U6+O2)2(W0.986+☐0.75)O4.7(OH)2.5(H2O)1.75](H2O)1.67 (average of 8 points calculated on the basis of 2U apfu; H2O content derived from the structure). According to the precession-assisted 3D ED data, holotype uranotungstite from Menzenschwand is monoclinic, P21/m, with a = 6.318(5) Å, b = 7.388(9) Å, c = 13.71(4) Å, β = 99.04(13)°, and V = 632(2) Å3 (Z = 2). The structure refinement of the 3D ED data using the dynamical approach (Robs = 0.0846 for 3287 independent observed reflections) provided a structure model composed of heteropolyhedral sheets. A β-U3O8-type sheet of idealized composition [(UO2)2W6+Fe0.253+☐0.75O4.75(OH)1.5(H2O)1.75]0.25– is composed of UO7 polyhedra linked by (W,Fe)O5 polyhedra in which the W:Fe ratio is variable as well as the bulk occupancy of this site; the W site may also host a minor proportion of Cu, Mg, or V. In uranotungstite, the interlayer spaces between adjacent U-W-O sheets host water on one side and, on the other side, a partially occupied cation site mostly occupied by Ba and, to a lesser extent, Pb, as well as a partially occupied H2O site. This work is the first structural description of a natural uranyl-tungstate mineral and confirms the great structural and chemical flexibility of β-U3O8 type of sheets.
Öğrenme Güçlüğü Olan Çocukların Tanı Sürecinin Yönetmelik ve Kararname Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: İZOGLU TOK Asli , DOĞAN Özcan
Published: August 2021

Giriş: Bu çalışmada özgül öğrenme güçlüğü tanısı almış 7-11 yaş arasında çocuğu olan ebeveynlerin çocuklarının tanı alma sürecine yönelik yaşantılarını ve ebeveynler için bu sürecin ne anlama geldiğini özel eğitim yönetmeliği ve kararname bağlamında incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem: Araştırma nitel araştırma yöntemiyle yürütülmüştür. Çalışma grubu, özgül öğrenme güçlüğü tanısı almış 7-11 yaş arasında en az bir çocuğu olan 10 ebeveynden oluşmaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmış ve görüşmelerin içerik analizi yapılmıştır.Bulgular: Yapılan analiz sonucunda bulgular tanı öncesi dönem, tıbbi ve eğitsel değerlendirme dönemi ve tanı sonrası dönem olmak üzere üç başlık altında ele alınmıştır. Tanı öncesi dönemde başta sosyal-duygusal gelişim alanı olmak üzere tüm gelişim alanlarında gelişimsel gecikmelerin ebeveynler tarafından fark edilir olduğu görülmektedir. Okul sürecinin başlamasıyla bu çocukların harfleri ters yazma, harfleri ayırt etmede zorlanma ve akranlarına kıyasla yavaş okuma gibi alanlarda gecikmeler göstermektedir.Tartışma: Çocukların erken dönemde tüm gelişim alanlarında belirtiler gösterdiği sonucu göz önüne alındığında erken tanılamanın önemi ortaya çıkmaktadır.Sonuç ve Öneriler: Uygulama sürecinde yönetmeliğin 11. ve 12. maddesinin tanı öncesi dönemde; 44., 49. ve 57. maddesinin ise tanı süreci ve sonrasında sekteye uğradığı görülmüştür. Kararnamede ise erkenlik esasının tanı öncesi dönemde; beşinci maddesi ile bütünlük, iş birliği ve isteklilik esasının tanı süreci ve sonrasında sekteye uğradığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Problems of commucation culture in companies operating in the Russian market
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Denisov Aleksander F.
Published: August 2021

The article addresses the problems of communication culture in companies operating in the Russian market and balance between effective and ineffective communications. One of the burning issues of modern companies — regardless of the form of ownership — is ineffective communication in the organization. Reasons that lead to ineffective communication are quite numerous — from leadership style to communication tools used in the organization (telephone conversations, business correspondence, meetings, orders, etc.). Conventionally there is a distinction between the concepts of personal (personal characteristics) and the culture of organization, which largely depends on corporate culture. Corporate culture may differ significantly due to a leadership style and the affiliation of an organization with international or Russian business. The study considers various parameters of communication in an organization, such as the quality of corporate information, the level of information support, barriers to interpersonal communication, and analyzes different forms of business communication. The article presents a theoretical review of approaches to the research of this issue by Russian and foreign authors and gives an account of the results of the study conducted by the author together with Kelly Services. The detailed results of the study based on the sample of 109 employees of companies from various sectors of the economy are accessible in the appendix to the article.
Nutritional stereotypes of children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Authors:   St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Lisovskii Oleg , Zavyalova Anna ,   St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Novikova Valeriya ,   St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Yakovleva Milena ,   St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Gostimskii Alexandr ,   St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Tyrtova Ludmila ,   St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Lisitsa Ivan ,   St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University
Published: August 2021

In most cases, type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells, which is the result of absolute insulin deficiency and, therefore, treatment is associated with the administration of insulin. The therapeutic treatment of type 1 diabetes includes the use of insulin for glycemic control, balanced nutrition and regular physical activity. Daily insulin requirements vary depending on age, diet, self-monitoring of blood glucose and daily routine. Obesity affects some patients with type 1 diabetes, which increases their insulin requirements and negatively affects their metabolic control. The type 1 diabetes diet is an essential part of the treatment program and helps to achieve glycemia targets and avoid insulin dose difficulties. Traditionally, for sick children and their parents, there are diet classes in the School of diabetes, but the equivalence in terms of diet and the actual nutrition of children is not sufficiently studied. Therefore, a combination of insulin therapy and an individual nutrition plan is necessary, which is the key to proper metabolic control. The usual nutritional guidelines for patients with type 1 diabetes should be the same as those for the general population.
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction in patients of the elderly and old age operated for composition of objective cancer
Authors:   North-Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov, Glushkov Nikolay , Gorshenin Timofey ,   North-Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov,   St. Petersburg Hospital for War Veterans, Privalova Mariya ,   North-Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov,   St. Petersburg Hospital for War Veterans, Gugalev Grigoriy ,   City Polyclinic no. 43, Dulaeva Sabina ,   North-Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov,   St. Petersburg Hospital for War Veterans
Published: August 2021

The problem of preserving the quality of life in the postoperative period, one of the criteria of which is the cognitive function, retains its relevance. In patients with advanced and senile age, after undergoing surgery, cognitive disorders are swept aside, which, according to various authors, reaches 64 %. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction was studied in 168 elderly and elderly patients operated on for complications of colon cancer. Patients were divided into two groups. Patients of the control group were operated on operations conventionally, the main one — laparoscopically, using endovideosurgical technologies. Cognitive status was assessed before the operation, as well as on the first, third and seventh days of the postoperative period using the MMSE test (abbr. English Mini Mental State Examination). The incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in both groups was traced. In the development of postoperative cognitive disorders, along with such factors as general anesthesia, age, aggravated neurological history, depressive disorders, operative trauma plays an important role. The use of endoscopic technologies allows reliably reducing the risk of postoperative cognitive impairment, which in turn has a beneficial effect on the postoperative period.
Epidemiological and clinical features of the course of postoperative sternomediastinitis (clinical case)
Authors:   North-Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov, Mironenko Olga ,   St. Petersburg State University, Soprun Lidiia ,   St. Petersburg State University, Tovanova Anna ,   North-Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov, Obuchov Denis ,   North-Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov
Published: August 2021

Health-care-related infections are becoming more relevant today. The difficulty and largely of diagnosis increased impact of adverse effects (postoperative period, increase of bed-days, use of irrational antibacterial therapy, use of excessive methods of disinfection) factors of the hospital environment on the human body, contributing to the development of severe postoperative complications, among them, sternomediastinitis occupies a special place in cardiac surgery. The clinical case we represent clearly demonstrates the atypical flow of sternominetite caused by the hypervirulent strain Klebsiella pneumoniae blaNDM-Type. Generally, sternomediastinitis causes Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus. Every week the patient stays in the cardiothoracic ward of the hospital is associated with a 15 % increase in the risk of mediastinitis development. The data indicate the need for continuous epidemiological monitoring of the relevant microorganisms that are potential agents of nosocomial infections. Thus, adequate diagnosis, choice of rational treatment tactics and effective antibacterial therapy significantly improve the prognosis of the current of a given severe disease. Early epidemiological diagnosis will help to reduce the risk of the development and spread of hospital-acquired infections in the post-operative period.
Consultative meetings of non-Arctic states on the status of the Arctic
Authors:   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Vylegzhanin Alexander N. , Kienko Elena V. ,   Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2021

The article, in the context of the contemporary status of the Arctic, examines the legal and political documents adopted by China, Japan and South Korea in regard to their arctic policy, including those agreed upon by these three States. The alarming reaction to such documents in the Arctic coastal states, firstly, in the USA and Canada, is also considered in the article. Relevant western scholars’ arguments are scrutinized, such as the increase of “China’s military power”; China’s “insatiable appetite” for access to natural resources in the Arctic; the argument that “China seeks to dominate” the Arctic and the situation when “the Arctic Council is split”; the notion that China makes other non-Arctic States create separate legal documents concerning the regime of the Arctic Ocean. The article concludes that the western interpretation of such documents is alarming only in relation to China. The research shows that up till now there are no grounds for such estimations of China’s negative role. However, statements by Chinese officials as cited in the article and some provisions stipulated in “China’s Arctic policy” contradict the common will of the Arctic coastal states in regard to the legal regime of the Arctic Ocean as reflected in the Ilulissat Declaration of 2008. In such a dynamic legal environment, new instruments of collaboration are in demand, which might involve China and other non-Arctic states in maintaining the established legal regime of the Arctic. Thus, the new instruments would deter the creation (with unpredictable consequences) by China, Japan and South Korea of new trilateral acts relating to the status of the Arctic.
The system of co-ownership in Japan
Authors:   Hiroshima University, Kim Minju
Published: August 2021

The system of co-ownership in civil law affects various legal relationships, such as property partnerships and co-heirs. This article introduces the general rules of the co-ownership system in the Japanese Civil Code and explains how they are applied in harmony with the regulations concerning property partnerships and co-heirs. In particular, it deals with changes to regulations concerning partnership property and co-inherited property via a recent amendment of the law of obligations and law of inheritance. There is a debate about whether partnership property is shared jointly or collectively by the partners. This article, according to the basic numerus clausus principle in the Pandekten system, suggests that collective ownership should be stipulated in part on real rights and the premise that the provisions of partnership property under the Japanese Civil Code refer to regulations reflecting the collective binding of the German Civil Code. Despite the premise that co-inherited property is shared jointly by each co-heir, some conflicts have arisen regarding the disposition of shares of co-owned things and requests for refunds of deposits by partial heirs before a formal division of inheritance. The revised civil code established new provisions to resolve these issues. However, defining “joint ownership” in terms of statutory shares is taken as a basic rule while the specific portion of co-heirs has not been determined, as noted in the article, and it results in an unfair distribution of inherited property.