bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Somatic mosaicism in the mature brain reveals clonal cellular distributions during cortical development
Authors: Breuss Martin W. , Yang Xiaoxu , Antaki Danny , Schlachetzki Johannes C. M. , Lana Addison J. , Xu Xin , Chai Guoliang , Stanley Valentina , Song Qiong , Newmeyer Traci Fang , Nguyen An , Cao Beibei , Nott Alexi , McEvoy-Venneri Jennifer , Pasillas Martina P. , Nahas Shareef , Van Der Kraan Lucitia , Ding Yan ,   NIMH Brain Somatic Mosaicism Network, Glass Christopher K. , Gleeson Joseph G.
Published: August 2020

The structure of the human neocortex underlies species-specific features and is a reflection of intricate developmental programs. Here we analyzed neocortical cellular lineages through a comprehensive assessment of brain somatic mosaicism—which acts as a neutral recorder of lineage history. We employed deep whole genome and variant sequencing in a singlepostmortemneurotypical human brain across 25 anatomic regions and three distinct modalities: bulk geographies, sorted cell types, and single nuclei. We identified 259 mosaic variants, revealing remarkable differences in localization, clonal abundance, cell type specificity, and clade distribution. We identified a set of hierarchical cellular diffusion barriers, whereby the left-right axis separation of the neocortex occurs prior to anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral axis separation. We also found that stochastic distribution is a driver of clonal dispersion, and that rules regarding cellular lineages and anatomical boundaries are often ignored. Our data provides a comprehensive analysis of brain somatic mosaicism across the human cerebral cortex, deconvolving clonal distributions and migration patterns in the human embryo.

One Sentence Summary

Comprehensive evaluation of brain somatic mosaicism in the adult human identifies rules governing cellular distribution during embryogenesis.
A multi-hierarchical approach reveals D-serine as a hidden substrate of sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporters
Authors: Wiriyasermkul Pattama , Moriyama Satomi , Suzuki Masataka , Kongpracha Pornparn , Nakamae Nodoka , Takeshita Saki , Tanaka Yoko , Matsuda Akina , Miyasaka Masaki , Hamase Kenji , Kimura Tomonori , Mita Masashi , Sasabe Jumpei , Nagamori Shushi
Published: August 2020

Transporter research primarily relies on the canonical substrates of well-established transporters. This approach has limitations when studying transporters for the low-abundant micromolecules, such as micronutrients, and may not reveal physiological functions of the transporters. While D-serine, a trace enantiomer of serine in the circulation, was discovered as an emerging biomarker of kidney function, its transport mechanisms in the periphery remain unknown. Here, using a multi-hierarchical approach from body fluids to molecules, combining multi-omics, cell-free synthetic biochemistry, andex vivotransport analyses, we have identified two types of renal D-serine transport systems. We revealed that the small amino acid transporter ASCT2 serves as a D-serine transporter previously uncharacterized in the kidney and discovered D-serine as a noncanonical substrate of the sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporters (SMCTs). These two systems are physiologically complementary, but ASCT2 dominates the role in the pathological condition. Our findings not only shed light on renal D-serine transport, but also clarify the importance of non-canonical substrate transport. This study provides a framework for investigating multiple transport systems of various trace micromolecules under physiological conditions and in multifactorial diseases.
A human cancer cell line initiates DNA replication normally in the absence of ORC5 and ORC2 proteins
Authors: Shibata Etsuko , Dutta Anindya
Published: August 2020

The Origin Recognition Complex (ORC), composed of six subunits, ORC1-6, binds to origins of replication as a ring-shaped heterohexameric ATPase that is believed to be essential to recruit and load MCM2-7 around DNA and initiate DNA replication. We had reported the creation of viable cancer cell lines that lacked detectable ORC1 or ORC2 protein without a significant decrease in the number of origins firing. We now report that human HCT116 colon cancer cells also survive with a mutation in the initiator ATG of theORC5gene that abolishes the expression of ORC5 protein. Even if an internal methionine is used to produce an undetectable, N terminally deleted ORC5, the protein would lack 80% of the AAA+ ATPase domain, including the Walker A motif. The ORC5-depleted cells show normal chromatin binding of MCM2-7 and initiate replication from similar number of origins as wild type cells. In addition, we introduced a second mutation inORC2in theORC5mutant cells rendering both ORC5 and ORC2 proteins undetectable in the same cells, and destabilizing the ORC1, ORC3 and ORC4 proteins. Yet the double mutant cells grow, recruit MCM2-7 normally to chromatin and initiate DNA replication with normal number of origins. Thus, in these selected cancer cells, either a crippled ORC lacking ORC2 and ORC5 and present at minimal levels on the chromatin can recruit and load enough MCM2-7 to initiate DNA replication, or human cell-lines can sometimes recruit MCM2-7 to origins independent of ORC.
A diagnostic decision-making protocol combines a new-generation of serological assay and PCR to fully resolve ambiguity in COVID-19 diagnosis
Authors: Cheng Hu , Chen Hao , Li Yiting , Zheng Peiyan , Gu Dayong , He Shiping , Ma Dongli , Wang Ruifang , Han Jun , Lu Zhongxin , Xia Xinyi , Deng Yi , Yang Lan , Xu Wenwen , Wu Shanhui , Liang Cuiying , Wang Hui , Sun Baoqing , Zhong Nanshan , Ma Hongwei
Published: August 2020

The capacity to accurately diagnosis COVID-19 is essential for effective public health measures to manage the ongoing global pandemic, yet no presently available diagnostic technologies or clinical protocols can achieve full positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) performance. Two factors prevent accurate diagnosis: the failure of sampling methods (e.g., 40% false negatives from PCR testing of nasopharyngeal swabs) and sampling-time-dependent failures reflecting individual humoral responses of patients (e.g., serological testing outside of the sero-positive stage). Here, we report development of a diagnostic protocol that achieves full PPV and NPV based on a cohort of 500 confirmed COVID-19 cases, and present several discoveries about the sero-conversion dynamics throughout the disease course of COVID-19. The fundamental enabling technology for our study and diagnostic protocol—termed SANE, for Symptom (dpo)-Antibody-Nucleic acid-Epidemiological history—is our development of a peptide-protein hybrid microarray (PPHM) for COVID-19. The peptides comprising PPHMcovid-19 were selected based on clinical sample data, and give our technology the unique capacity to monitor a patient’s humoral response throughout the disease course. Among other assay-development related and clinically relevant findings, our use of PPHMcovid-19 revealed that 5% of COVID-19 patients are from an “early sero-reversion” subpopulation, thus explaining many of the mis-diagnoses we found in our comparative testing using PCR, CLIA, and PPHMcovid-19. Accordingly, the full SANE protocol incorporates orthogonal technologies to account for these patient variations, and successfully overcomes both the sampling method and sampling time limitations that have previously prevented doctors from achieving unambiguous, accurate diagnosis of COVID-19.
Clustering of age standardised COVID-19 infection fatality ratios and death trajectories
Authors: Kelly Thu-Lan , Humphrey Greer , Miller Caroline , Bowden Jacqueline A , Dono Joanne , Phillips Paddy A
Published: August 2020

Background

An accurate measure of the impact of COVID-19 is the infection fatality ratio, or the proportion of deaths among those infected, which does not depend on variable testing rates between nations. The risk of mortality from COVID-19 depends strongly on age and current estimates of the infection fatality ratio do not account for differences in national age profiles. Comparisons of cumulative death trajectories allow the effect and timing of public health interventions to be assessed.

Our purpose is to (1) determine whether countries are clustered according to infection fatality ratios and (2) compare interventions to slow the spread of the disease by clustering death trajectories.

Methods

National age standardised infection fatality ratios were derived from age stratified estimates from China and population estimates from the World Health Organisation. The IFRs were clustered into groups using Gaussian mixture models. Trajectory analysis clustered cumulative death rates in two time windows, 50 and 100 days after the first reported death.

Findings

Infection fatality ratios from 201 nations were clustered into three groups: young, medium and older, with corresponding means (SD) of 0.20% (0.03%), 0.38% (0.11%) and 0.93% (0.21%).

At 50 and 100 days after the first reported death, there were two clusters of cumulative death trajectories from 113 nations with at least 25 deaths reported at 100 days. The first group had slowly increasing or stable cumulative death rates, while the second group had accelerating rates at the end of the time window. Fifty-two nations changed group membership between the time windows.

Conclusion

A cluster of younger nations have a lower estimated infection fatality ratio than older nations. The effect and timing of public health interventions in preventing the spread of the disease can be tracked by clustering death rate trajectories into stable or accelerating and comparing changes over time.
[2-Chloro-3-nitro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl](piperidin-1-yl)methanone: structural characterization of a side product in benzothiazinone synthesis
Authors: Eckhardt Tamira , Goddard Richard , Rudolph Ines , Richter Adrian , Lehmann Christoph , Imming Peter , Seidel Rüdiger W.
Published: August 2020

1,3-Benzothiazin-4-ones (BTZs) are a promising new class of anti-tuberculosis drug candidates, some of which have reached clinical trials. The title compound, the benzamide derivative [2-chloro-3-nitro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl](piperidin-1-yl)methanone, C13H12ClF3N2O3, occurs as a side product as a result of competitive reaction pathways in the nucleophilic attack during the synthesis of the BTZ 8-nitro-2-(piperidin-1-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-benzothiazin-4-one, following the original synthetic route, whereby the corresponding benzoyl isothiocyanate is reacted with piperidine as secondary amine. In the title compound, the nitro group and the nearly planar amide group are significantly twisted out of the plane of the benzene ring. The piperidine ring adopts a chair conformation. The trifluoromethyl group exhibits slight rotational disorder with a refined ratio of occupancies of 0.972 (2):0.028 (2). There is structural evidence for intermolecular weak C—H...O hydrogen bonds.
rac-12-Selena-13,14-diazatricyclo[9.3.0.02,4]tetradeca-11,13-diene
Authors: Detert Heiner , Schollmeyer Dieter
Published: August 2020

The centrosymmetric crystal structure of the title compound, C11H16N2Se, is built up from alternating strands of (R,R)- and (S,S)-enantiomers. These strands, which propagate along the c-axis direction, are composed of homochiral molecules related to each other by twofold screw axes. The shape of the molecule is an almost planar unit around the selenadiazole ring with a hexamethylene chain as an arched handle.
Perceptions of censorship on Taiwan's popular music in the post-martial law era
Authors: Lin Chen-Yu , Chen Yun-Siou , Chen Yan-Shouh
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore censorship on popular music in Taiwan and how the practices have influenced the consumption and production of music in the post-martial law period.

Design/methodology/approach

Through adopting grounded theory with snowball sampling and ethnographic methods, this paper will interview music audiences and musicians as well as analyze recent censorship cases to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the topic.

Findings

Institutional and corporate self-censorship has a noteworthy influence on popular music in post-marital law Taiwan. Cross-strait relations still are a key tension that triggers censorship but the form has been shifting.

Originality/value

This study draws on both the complexity of censorship by case studies and the audience's perception of music in everyday life.
Informal industry–university partnership in gaming education and research: a case study in Macao
Authors: Siu Lam Carlos
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to present a model of a university–industry partnership in gaming education and research. It analyzes the interactions and knowledge transfer between the two parties in Macao.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper adopts a qualitative case study approach to share experiences of a university based in Macao as a single case to present its informal partnership with the industry in the area of gaming education and research.

Findings

This paper has shown that the partnership has provided clear benefits to both parties and the government is an influential power that can enhance collaboration. Although the informal partnership involves considerable time and efforts, it is flexible in comparison to the formal approach. Despite this, the knowledge transfer tends to focus on general issues to avoid being appropriated by competitors.

Research limitations/implications

This demonstrates how a public university in Macao has achieved an informal industry–university partnership, which requires the commitment and understanding of both parties for the bi-directional exchange of knowledge. Such knowledge needs to be value-enhancing for the industry to keep the partnership grow and prosper.

Originality/value

This study puts forward an original approach to an informal industry–university partnership in the area of gaming education and research.
Macao's gaming credit practices: 15 years after the gaming credit law
Authors: Siu Lam Carlos
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the evolution of Macao's gaming credit practices with reference to its promulgation of the gaming credit law after its gaming liberalization.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative approach based on in-depth interviews with casino executives, government officials and gamblers to probe their perspectives on Macao's gaming credit practices was adopted due to its underresearched nature. Documentary analysis of annual reports and court files was also used.

Findings

Despite the potential of increased revenue with more credit, the credit risk for gaming concessionaires remained under control, while VIP-rooms and junket operators have adopted more prudent policy and faced substantial challenge in credit collection. All these would lead to greater alignment with law-based credit practices.

Research limitations/implications

Since gaming credit information was considered confidential, the author experienced difficulty in arranging the interviews, and the nonprobability sampling characterized by the selection bias might affect the findings.

Practical implications

The findings have demonstrated some major credit practices such as credit charges on credit balances and terms and conditions for repayment for different credit providers in Macao.

Originality/value

The different credit practices by credit providers at different levels of gaming credit have been presented in the same paper.
Women CEOs in Mexico: gendered local/global divide and the diversity management discourse
Authors: Paludi Mariana I. , Barragan Salvador , Mills Albert
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to add to the existing research on critical perspectives on diversity management (DM). Specifically, this study examines the narratives of women chief executive officers (CEOs) from different countries of origin to understand how they enact the DM discourse by drawing on their past and present experiences at US multinational corporations (MNCs) located in Mexico.

Design/methodology/approach

This study, based on six open-ended interviews with local and expatriate women CEOs who work in MNCs situated in Mexico, used a sensemaking approach to analyze their narratives. The theoretical foundation of the study is based on decolonial feminist theory, which is used to analyze the hierarchical binary between Anglo-Saxon/European woman and the Mexican/Latin American woman with respect to the discourse of DM.

Findings

This study found that the dominant discourse used by women CEOs, expats and nationals was a business case for diversity. Female CEOs represent MNCs in favorable terms, compared to those of local companies, despite the nuances in the antagonistic representations in their narratives. This study also found that the women CEOs’ narratives perpetuated a discourse of “otherness” that created a hierarchy between Anglo-Saxons (US/MNCs’ culture) and Latin Americans (Mexican/local companies’ culture).

Originality/value

This study contributes to critical studies on DM by analyzing diverse forms of power involving gender, race/ethnicity and organizational hierarchy. The use of decolonial feminist theory to examine MNCs is a novel approach to understanding women’s identities and the power differences between local/foreign contexts and global/local businesses. This study also discusses the implications of its findings for women in business careers and concludes with a call for more research within the global South (Latin America).
Digital business strategizing: the role of leadership and organizational learning
Authors: Ruel Huub , Rowlands Hefin , Njoku Esther
Published: August 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to develop a theoretical framework to understand the role of leadership and organizational learning in intra-organizational digital business strategizing, to contribute to our understanding of how digital business strategies emerge.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on a theoretical analysis of relevant literature to connect leadership and organizational learning to intra-organizational digital business strategizing, a co-creation model was developed.

Findings

The model demonstrates that digital business strategy emerge through the mediating role of leadership and organizational learning processes, facilitated by the moderating effect of contextual factors, which includes; strategic alignment, information technology competence, institutional trust and organizational change readiness.

Research limitations/implications

Two major limitations of this paper that warrant further research are as follows: the paper’s focus on intra-organizational digital business strategizing which excludes collaborative inter-organizational digital business strategizing among network organizations in Industry 4.0; and the need for empirical examination of the model to evaluate and validate it.

Practical implications

This paper offers a framework that will ensure that digital business strategizing maintains a fit between organizational strategy, structure, knowledge, culture, systems and processes that must align together to achieve the desired strategy.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to explore the extendibility of leadership and organizational learning to digital business strategizing and to propose how digital business strategies emerge.
A request allocation model for processing data in federated cloud computing
Authors: Kansal Sahil , Kumar Harish , Kaushal Sakshi
Published: August 2020

Purpose

As the storage and processing requirement of digital information is increasing on the cloud, it is very difficult for the single cloud provider (CP) to meet the resource requirement. Multiple providers form a federation for the execution of users’ requests. For the federated cloud, this paper aims to address the issue distribution of users’ request for resources and revenue among the providers by offering fair and stable distribution models for the federated cloud.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses cooperative game (CG)-theoretical models, i.e. Shapley–Shubik power index (SSPI) and Banzhaf power index (BPI) for distribution. Performance is analysed using variance and monotonicity using a case study.

Findings

Numerical analysis is done using two scenarios. Monotonicity is evaluated. Results show that SSPI performs better as compared to BPI in terms of fairness accuracy and the framework provide the fair distribution of revenue among providers in the federated cloud.

Research limitations/implications

The proposed framework works efficiently under the specific defined conditions.

Social implications

Paper provides the fair distribution. It assist the centralised cloud exchange in managing the users’ request in such a way every CPs, in the federated cloud will get an equal chance of serving the users’ request. The framework also provides the stable federation. Proposed work provides less rejection rate of users’ request. Finally, it assists the providers in increasing their profits in the federation.

Originality/value

This paper presents a CG theoretic-based framework for the distribution of resources required and revenue. The framework analysed the performance of distribution models by considering the variance and monotonicity for multiple users’ requests.
Exemplary followership. Part 1: refining an instrument
Authors: Peterson Tim O. , Peterson Claudette M. , Rook Brian W.
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The overall purpose of this paper is to determine to what extent organizational citizenship behaviors predict followership behaviors within medical organizations in the USA. This is the first part of a two-part article. Part 1 will refine an existing followership instrument. Part 2 will explore the relationship between followership and organizational citizenship.

Design/methodology/approach

Part 1 of this survey-based empirical study used confirmatory factor analysis on an existing instrument followed by exploratory factor analysis on the revised instrument. Part 2 used regression analysis to explore to what extent organizational citizenship behaviors predict followership behaviors.

Findings

The findings of this two-part paper show that organizational citizenship has a significant impact on followership behaviors. Part 1 found that making changes to the followership instrument provides an improved instrument.

Research limitations/implications

Participants in this study work exclusively in the health-care industry; future research should expand to other large organizations that have many followers with few managerial leaders.

Practical implications

As organizational citizenship can be developed, if there is a relationship between organizational citizenship and followership, organizations can provide professional development opportunities for individual followers. Managers and other leaders can learn how to develop organizational citizenship behaviors and thus followership in several ways: onboarding, coaching, mentoring and career development.

Originality/value

In Part 1, the paper contributes an improved measurement for followership. Part 2 demonstrates the impact that organizational citizenship behavior can play in developing high performing followers.
Spatial disparity and inequality of education domain in Algeria: a spatial econometric approach
Authors: Touitou Mohammed , Yacine Laib , Ahmed Boudeghdegh
Published: August 2020

Purpose

Despite significant progress in schooling, social and spatial inequalities in access to education remain important in Algeria. In the present article, taking into account the geographic dimension makes it possible to identify the links existing between spatial location and disparities in the field of education in Algeria. Also, three types of education indicators (quantity, quality and inequality) are used in the study. The study’s sample includes 48 Algerian provinces, studied between 2008 and 2018.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, the authors used data from the 2008 and 2018 General Census of Population and Housing (GCPH) for 48 provinces. Indeed, the two censuses of 2008 and 2018 (sources of data for this study) were based on questionnaires intended for different categories of the population (households, non-household populations, transit population, etc.). Therefore, the no response rate is assumed to be close to 0. Using spatial econometric techniques.

Findings

Results indicate that the indicator used is strong spatial disparity in education in Algeria. The development of a spatial synthetic index (SI) makes it possible to measure more precisely the extent and nature of spatial disparities in the field of education in Algeria. The results also confirm the hypothesis of β-convergence of the performance of the Algerian education system. Consequently, the need for policies to reduce the unfair inequalities between different areas is apparent.

Originality/value

Works that analyze education indicators in a classical perspective (educational performances between different sexes and between rural and urban areas) are abundant (Amaghouss and Ibourk, 2013a). However, very few studies proceed to the analysis of educational variables in a spatial perspective (Catin and Hazem, 2012). To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no work has tried to analyze spatial disparities in the field of education in Algeria.
Web-based methodology for extracting technology words in Chinese process patents
Authors: Yang Yuexin , Ren Gongchang
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The purpose of constructing the technology/function matrix is to analyze the patents in the target domain. The extraction of technology words is an important part of the construction of technology/function matrix. This algorithm is used to solve the problem of low efficiency of traditional Chinese process patents technology words extraction.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors propose a Chinese process patents technology words extraction method based on the improved term frequency–inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) algorithm to help technicians obtain the technology words in the target domain. According to the characteristics of Chinese process patents technology words, the TF value of candidate technology words is divided into four parts, and the corpus of IDF value calculation of candidate technology words is selected.

Findings

Through the test of Chinese process patents in the domain of path planning, this study shows that the method is feasible and practical. It can help users quickly and accurately obtain the technology words of Chinese process patents in the target domain.

Practical implications

With the increasing number of patents on the network-based patent information platform, patent analysis of massive Chinese process patents has become a research focus. The method proposed in this paper can facilitate users to extract technology words from massive Chinese process patents for patent analysis.

Originality/value

This paper aims to improve the efficiency of Chinese process patents technology words extraction. The authors hope that the proposed method can reduce the labor and time cost of Chinese process patents technology words extraction.
Performance of Shari’ah-compliant and non-Shari’ah-compliant listed firms: a case study of Malaysia
Authors: Saba Irum , Ariff Mohamed , Mohd Rasid Eskandar Shah
Published: August 2020

Purpose

Shari’ah provides the basic tenets of the Islamic finance industry and advocates banks to share their profits and losses with investors. But what it means for a firm to be “Shari’ah-compliant” and what form of connections it can have, even in theory, to either the firm’s value or profitability is still an untapped question. This study tries to answer this question. This study aims to find the impact of Shari’ah compliance on firm performance. The results obtained would be useful in helping investors, regulators, companies, government, academicians and practitioners in their decision-making process as to ensure better economic and business gains, both locally and globally.

Design/methodology/approach

Panel data on 634 Shari’ah-compliant firms have been used in this study for the period of 2000–2014.

Findings

The results indicate that Shari’ah compliance adds to the value of firms as firms perform transactions according to Shari’ah while avoiding non-permissible activities.

Originality/value

This study adds value to the existing literature by showing the statistical results for the impact of Shari’ah compliance on the performance of the listed firms on Bursa Malaysia.
Does foreign direct investment influence manufacturing sector growth in Middle East and North African region?
Authors: Azolibe Chukwuebuka Bernard
Published: August 2020

Purpose

This study empirically assessed the influence of foreign direct investment on the manufacturing sector growth in the Middle East and North African region using panel data of 18 countries covering the period of 1975–2017.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employed Levinet al.(2002) test (LLC) and Imet al.(2003) panel unit root test. Furthermore, Kao’s cointegration test was applied to examine the long-run relationship between the variables. Both the Dynamic OLS and Fully modified OLS were used in estimating the short-run relationship.

Findings

The results of the DOLS and FMOLS indicate that both inward and outward FDI influence the manufacturing sector growth positively. This shows that much of the manufacturing sector growth in the MENA region is driven by both inward and outward FDI. Our findings made a strong new proposition that aside from the negative influence proposed by Stevens and Lipsey (1992), outward FDI could also have a positive influence on the manufacturing sector of a country through effective utilization of domestic raw materials that are produced locally for production of goods in a foreign country.

Practical implications

MENA countries should concentrate more on making policies that will encourage the effective utilization of domestic resources for outward foreign direct investment in other countries of the world as it has the capacity to boost the manufacturing sector growth. Also, policies that will attract more inflows of FDI in the region should be encouraged. Both inward and outward FDI should be considered as an integral part of MENA economic policy in order to spur the manufacturing sector growth.

Originality/value

Previous empirical studies on the relationship between FDI and manufacturing sector growth have focused much on the influence of inward FDI. Thus, very little attention has been paid to the contribution that the outward FDI makes to the growth of the manufacturing sector of the host country. Our empirical study focused on the influence of both inward and outward FDI on the manufacturing sector growth with specific emphasis on the MENA region that remains the center of attraction of inward FDI and a source of inward FDI to most nonoil producing developing and developed countries given the oil-rich nature of the region.
Communicating science in organizational contexts: toward an “organizational turn” in science communication research
Authors: Schäfer Mike S. , Fähnrich Birte
Published: August 2020

Purpose

Research on science communication in organizational contexts is scarce – even though many cases can be found where organizations from science and beyond communicate about science-related issues, or where organizational contexts have an impact on the communication of individual scientists and scientific organizations. Therefore, it is time for an “organizational turn” in science communication research, and for more scholarly emphasis on the specific cases that science-related communication in, from and about organizations presents. Such an approximation would benefit both science communication research and analyses of strategic and organizational communication.

Design/methodology/approach

This special issue of the “Journal of Communication Management” on “Communicating Science in Organizational Contexts” is a step in this direction: It compiles commentaries from leading scholars in the respective fields as well as research articles coming from various disciplines and conceptual as well as methodological paradigms. In the editorial, we assess overlaps between scholarship on science communication and strategic communication, respectively, based on a meta-analysis of journals in the field(s), develop a guiding heuristic for analyzing science communication in organizational settings, and introduce the contributions to the special issue.

Findings

The meta-analysis shows that overlaps between science communication research and scholarship on strategic communication are scarce. While organizations and their communication appear occasionally, and increasingly often, in science communication research, scholars of strategic communication only rarely analyze science communication.

Research limitations/implications

The meta-analysis is limited to the publications of five scholarly journals over ten years. It still demonstrates the lack of research in the intersection of scholarship on science communication and strategic communication.

Practical implications

Scientific organizations are rapidly extending and professionalizing their strategic communication, and an increasing number of organizations beyond science communicate on science or science-related issues. Understanding science communication in organizational settings, therefore, is crucial for practitioners in both areas.

Originality/value

Analyzing science communication in organizational settings is of increasing importance – yet few studies exist that have done it, and the respective research fields devote not much attention to one another. The special issue is a first foray into this new, intersectional field.
Pedagogy of life beyond extinction
Authors: Eliza Liyana , Sabki Aishah Ahmad , Hardaker Glenn
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is a reaction to COVID-19 and is intended to transcend the regular thoughts to deeper issues towards humanity and nature. The study explores the notion of extinction, and what we value, and alludes to humanity increasingly having fractured self-awareness in the context of the uncharted health threat of the global pandemic of 2020. The study focusses on a holistic perspective towards pedagogy that explores related issues of knowledge, spirituality, self-awareness and embodied actions.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopts a reflective, and exploratory, style that is an enabler for future research into pedagogy that is focussed on humanity and nature.

Findings

The conceptual paper explores an holistic perspective towards pedagogy that considers issues of knowledge, spirituality, self-awareness and embodied actions.

Originality/value

This study’s intention is to extend our notion of pedagogy that looks beyond educational institutions in seeking a wider understanding of humanity and nature. The concept of “pedagogy of life beyond extinction” is used as a way to identify a selfless way in life that is underpinned by self-awareness. This provides a lens to intrinsic and extrinsic values that come from an interpretation of truth in our existence beyond self-interest.
Promoting knowledge circulation in public libraries: the role of gamification
Authors: Colasanti Nathalie , Fiori Valerio , Frondizi Rocco
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The aim of the paper is to investigate the impact of nudges and considerations stemming from behavioural economics on the promotion and enhancement of knowledge circulation in public libraries. In fact, literature indicates that an approach based on nudging individuals towards desired behaviours may be more effective than top-down policy actions that may be perceived as excessive.

Design/methodology/approach

In order to answer the research question, the paper analyses an exploratory case study regarding the network of public libraries in Rome, called Biblioteche di Roma (BdR). BdR launched its online platform in 2009, but it was never able to create a strong connection with offline activities, and contributions by readers (such as comments and book ratings) remained very low. In 2018, BdR introduced a gamification section in its website, with the goal of increasing users' interactions and book circulation. Data resulting from the use of gamification, both at city level and within different neighbourhoods, will be presented and analysed.

Findings

Results indicate that the introduction of gamification was successful in increasing users' interactions and engagement, both online and offline.

Originality/value

The paper is valuable as it explores the introduction of nudge theory and gamification in the public library system.
Not forgetting gender: women and dementia
Authors: Manthorpe Jill , Samsi Kritika
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore how any proposed Women’s Health Strategy could address the needs of women affected by dementia in England.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors take the following three perspectives: women living with dementia, female carers and female practitioners supporting people with dementia.

Findings

In this paper, the authors explore the current evidence about dementia and female gender under three main strands relating to policy and practise.

Originality/value

There is worldwide interest amongst policy communities in gender inequalities.
‘He shall have care of the garden, its cultivation and produce’: Workhouse Gardens and Gardening, c.1780‐1835
Authors: Collinge Peter
Published: August 2020

Where productive workhouse gardens and land existed they comprised an essential aspect of institutional management, yet they feature only briefly in accounts of workhouses and inmates' lives. Their location, desirability and benefits, however, occupied the minds of parish officials, doctors, Enlightenment thinkers and pamphleteers. Workhouse gardens provided food and were regarded as mechanisms for discipline, moral encouragement and therapeutic benefit, and they illustrate the management of pauperism in local contexts. Eliciting a greater understanding of their significance and refining established assumptions about dietary provision for inmates, this article analyses itemised bills, nurserymen's ledgers and attitudes surrounding workhouse gardens and workhouse land.
Comparative study of clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis between combined and pure small cell lung cancer (SCLC) after surgical resection
Authors: Guo Yiying , Yang Lin , Liu Li , Wei Jiacong , Teng Fei , Zhang Jinyao , Zhu Yixiang , Xing Puyuan , Li Junling
Published: August 2020

Background

Histologically, SCLC are classified as pure (P‐SCLC) and combined subtypes (C‐SCLC). Currently, few studies compare the clinicopathological characteristics and explore the treatment strategies applied to them.

Methods

Between July 2005 and April 2016, the clinical records of 297 postoperative patients with pathologically confirmed SCLC were retrospectively analyzed. Kaplan‐Meier method and Cox regression model were separately used for stratified univariate and multivariate survival analysis.

Results

A total of 46 cases (15.5%) of C‐SCLCs and 251 cases (85.5%) of pure SCLCs (P‐SCLCs) were included in this study. The average age of C‐SCLCs was a little higher than that of P‐SCLCs (59.65 ± 8.72 vs. 56.56 ± 10.12; P = 0.053). More patients had a history of smoking in C‐SCLC (78.3% vs. 63.3%; P = 0.074). The five‐year overall survival (OS) rate for P‐SCLCs and C‐SCLCs was 65.1% and 56.7%, respectively (P = 0.683). For P‐SCLC, stage and an intervention of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) were independent factors that affected OS. In C‐SCLCs cases, performing sublobectomy was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis.

Conclusions

We identified no significant difference in clinical characteristics and outcome between C‐SCLCs and P‐SCLCs. However, the factors affecting the prognosis of the two subtypes were slightly inconsistent. For C‐SCLCs, the extent of resection had a greater impact on survival, and lobectomy combined with systemic lymph node dissection should therefore be performed as extensively as possible. In addition, PCI was beneficial in improving the SCLC OS rate.

Key points

This study demonstrated the prognosis of C‐SCLCs did not significantly differ from that of P‐SCLCs, but was more susceptible to the extent of resection. Patients with C‐SCLC who underwent limited resection had a significantly increased risk of shorter OS.

This study highlighted the importance of performing lobectomy for resectable C‐SCLC patients. This study also proved the benefit of PCI in improving the OS rate for both P‐SCLC and C‐SCLC patients.
Prediction model for hyperprogressive disease in non‐small cell lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Choi Yong Jun , Kim Taehee , Kim Eun Young , Lee Sang Hoon , Kwon Do Sun , Chang Yoon Soo
Published: August 2020

Background

Hyperprogressive disease (HPD) is a paradoxical acceleration of tumor growth after immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment. This study aimed to identify the risk factors and to present a predictive model for HPD in patients treated with ICIs.

Methods

A total of 78 non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases, treated with at least two cycles of ICIs who underwent computed tomography (CT) for response assessment were recruited into the study from January 2016 to August 2019. HPD was defined by the following criteria: (i) time‐to‐treatment failure <2 months; (ii) a 50% increase in the sum of target lesion diameters; (iii) new development of at least two lesions in an already involved organ; (iv) appearance of a new organ lesion; and (v) a decrease in ECOG PS 2.

Results

Of the 78 total patients, 15 (19.2%) had HPD. The risk factors of HPD were age; primary lesion size; and metastases in the contralateral lung, pleura, liver, and bone in multivariable logistic regression (odds ratio [OR]; 0.9038, 1.6619, 28.5913, 23.8264, 14.5711, and 20.1533, respectively, all P‐values < 0.05). By using these risk factors, we developed a prediction model for HPD and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the model was 0.9556 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.9133–0.9978).

Conclusions

HPD is relatively common and associated with a grave clinical outcome, requiring a careful monitoring in lung cancer patients treated with ICIs. Moreover, risk factors such as age, size of tumor and number of various metastatic lesions should be taken into consideration before ICI administration.

Key points

Significant findings of the study

Age, primary lesion size, and number of metastases are risk factors of HPD. HPD is strongly associated with poor prognosis. HPD during ICI use needs comprehensive monitoring.

What this study adds

This is the first study to develop a prediction model. The area under the curve of the prediction model for HPD was 0.9556.
Real‐world impact of anti‐HER2 therapy‐related cardiotoxicity in patients with advanced HER2‐positive breast cancer
Authors: Conduit C. , de Boer R. H , Lok S. , Gibbs P. , Malik L. , Loh Z. , Yeo B. , Greenberg S. , Devitt B. , Lombard J. , Nottage M. , Collins I. , Torres J. , Nolan M. , Nott L.
Published: August 2020

Background

Anti‐HER2 therapy‐related cardiotoxicity is well described in the context of clinical trials, particularly in the setting of early stage disease, but there is more limited data in advanced breast cancer and in the real world setting.

Material and methods

A prospectively‐maintained registry database with 312 consecutive patients diagnosed with HER2 positive advanced breast cancer in Australia was analysed.

Results

287 patients (92%) received anti‐HER2 therapy, 17 (6%) experienced anti‐HER2 therapy‐related cardiotoxicity. Patients who experienced cardiotoxicity were more likely to have ≥2 risk factors for cardiotoxicity (OR 3.9 95% CI 1.4‐11.3 p = 0.01). A prior diagnosis of cardiovascular disease was significantly associated with cardiotoxicity (OR 7.1 95% CI 1.3‐39.5). Cardiotoxicity resolved on imaging in 65% of patients; there was no association between severity and resolution. 11 patients (65%) received cardiologist input. Of the patients who developed cardiotoxicity, 12 patients (71%) received further anti‐HER2 therapy in the first‐ or second‐line setting without recurrent cardiotoxicity.

Discussion and Conclusion

Therapy‐related cardiotoxicity is an uncommon complication of anti‐HER2 therapy in the real world setting. Cardiac toxicity resolved in the majority of affected patients, and further anti‐HER2 therapy was administered without recurrence of cardiac issues. Our data suggests anti‐HER2 therapy can be safely given in routine care, even in patients with risk factors for toxicity.
Different patterns of treatment‐related adverse events of programmed cell death‐1 and its ligand‐1 inhibitors in different cancer types: A meta‐analysis and systemic review of clinical trials
Authors: Gu Yangchun , Zhang Hua , Liu Zexiang , Xia Yifan , Liang Baosheng , Liang Li
Published: August 2020

Programmed cell death receptor‐1 and its ligand‐1 (PD‐1/PD‐L1) inhibitors have been applied to many cancers, but the difference of treatment‐related adverse events (AEs) across cancer types remains unknown. We performed a meta‐analysis and systemic review to compare the incidences of commonly reported all‐grade AEs across cancer types and found that the most frequent AEs were fatigue, rash/pruritus, loss of appetite/nausea and diarrhea. However, each cancer type also had its higher incidences of AEs involving a relevant system, such as melanoma with epidermal AEs (rash, diarrhea and enterocolitis), lung cancer with dyspnea and pneumonitis, digestive system cancers with amylase and lipase elevation; and renal cell and urothelial cancer with kidney injury (creatinine elevation and proteinuria). However, the incidence of hepatitis did not follow the pattern to show a difference. We did another comparison between PD‐1 and PD‐L1 inhibitors in lung cancer and urothelial cancer respectively, and found that the risk of most AEs did not differ much, except for more hypothyroidism in PD‐1 inhibitors, and more kidney injury in PD‐L1 inhibitors. Besides possible immunological mechanisms for treatment‐related AEs, the influence of previous radiotherapy and the clinical characteristics of the diseases themselves should also be considered and is worth further investigation. With the result of this meta‐analysis, clinicians could estimate the risk of certain AE in certain cancer type, to make treatment options and to customize monitor strategies.