bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In‐Situ Polymer Framework Strategy Enabling Printable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells by Mitigating “Coffee Ring” Effect
Authors: Li Linfeng , Huang Zengqi , Meng Xiangchuan , Xing Zhi , Fan Baojin , Li Jiaxuan , Chen Yiwang
Published: January 2024

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites are considered ideal candidates for future photovoltaic applications due to their excellent photovoltaic properties. Although solution‐printed manufacturing has shown inherent potential for the low‐cost, high‐throughput production of thin‐film semiconductor electronics, the high‐quality and high‐reproducibility deposition of large‐area perovskite remains a bottleneck that restricts their commercialization due to the droplet coffee‐ring effect (CRE). In this study, these issues are addressed by introducing an in situ polymer framework. The 3D framework formed by spontaneous cross‐linking improves the precursor viscosity and homogenizes its heat diffusion coefficient, counteracting the lateral capillary flow of the colloidal particles and anchoring their flocculent movement. Thus, the Marangoni convection intensity is properly controlled to ensure high‐quality perovskite films, which significantly enhances reproducibility in printing efficient photovoltaics by mitigating the CRE. Subsequently, the perovskite solar cells and modules achieve power conversion efficiencies of 23.94 and 17.53%, and exhibit positive environmental stability, retaining over 90 and 78% efficiency after storage for 2500 and 1600 h, respectively. This work may serves as a foundation for exploring precursor rheology to match the homogeneous deposition requirements of perovskite photovoltaics and facilitating the advancement of their printing manufacturing and commercialization transition.
Recent Advances of Green Electricity Generation: Potential in Solar Interfacial Evaporation System
Authors: Wang Jinhu , Cao Xiqian , Cui Xinyue , Wang Haijian , Zhang Haoran , Wang Kaiwen , Li Xibao , Li Zhengtong , Zhou Yingtang
Published: January 2024

Solar‐driven interfacial evaporation (SDIE) has played a pivotal role in optimizing water‐energy utilization, reducing conventional power costs, and mitigating environmental impacts. The increasing emphasis on the synergistic cogeneration of water and green electricity through SDIE is particularly noteworthy. However, there is a gap of existing reviews that have focused on the mechanistic understanding of green power from water‐electricity cogeneration (WEC) systems, the structure‐activity relationship between efficiency of green energy utilization in WEC and material design in SDIE. Particularly, it lacks a comprehensive discussion to address the challenges faced in these areas along with potential solutions. Therefore, this review aims to comprehensively assess the progress and future perspective of green electricity from WEC systems by investigating the potential expansion of SDIE. First, it provides a comprehensive overview about material rational design, thermal management, and water transportation tunnels in SDIE. Then, it summarizes diverse energy sources utilized in the SDIE process, including steaming generation, photovoltaics, salinity gradient effect, temperature gradient effect, and piezoelectric effect. Subsequently, it explores factors that affect generated green electricity efficiency in WEC. Finally, this review proposes challenges and possible solution in the development of WEC.
Flexible Cages Enable Robust Supramolecular Elastomers
Authors: Xu Jing , Shao Mingchao , Wang Xiaoyue , Chen Tianze , Li Song , Zhang Xinrui , Wang Tingmei , Zhang Yaoming , Yang Zenghui , Wang Qihua
Published: January 2024

Advances in modern industrial technology continue to place stricter demands on engineering polymeric materials, but simultaneously possessing superior strength and toughness remains a daunting challenge. Herein, a pioneering flexible cage‐reinforced supramolecular elastomer (CSE) is reported that exhibits superb robustness, tear resistance, anti‐fatigue, and shape memory properties, achieved by innovatively introducing organic imide cages (OICs) into supramolecular networks. Intriguingly, extremely small amounts of OICs make the elastomer stronger, significantly improving mechanical strength (85.0 MPa; ≈10‐fold increase) and toughness (418.4 MJ m−3; ≈7‐fold increase). Significantly, the cooperative effect of gradient hydrogen bonds and OICs is experimentally and theoretically demonstrated as flexible nodes, enabling more robust supramolecular networks. In short, the proposed strengthening strategy of adding flexible cages effectively balances the inherent conflict between material strength and toughness, and the prepared CSEs are anticipated to be served in large‐scale devices such as TBMs in the future.
De‐epimerization of Monosaccharides by Dynamic Kinetic Resolution: Ligand‐Controlled Synthesis of O‐Aryl‐Glycosides through Copper‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling
Authors: Liu Hou Tian‐Yang , Li Yi‐Xian , Jia Yue‐Mei , Yu Chu‐Yi
Published: January 2024

We report a strategy for stereoselective O‐aryl‐glycoside synthesis by copper‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of a variety of anomeric sugars and (hetero)aromatic iodides. Stereocontrol of the α/β selectivity can be successfully realized by slight structural modifications of the oxalic diamide ligands. Mechanistic studies indicated a dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) reaction mechanism controlled by the ligand structures. This reaction could be performed on gram scale, and has also been applied to the synthesis of some natural products.
Identifying key sectors of sustainable development: A Bayesian framework estimating policy‐impacts in a general equilibrium
Authors: Ziesmer Johannes
Published: January 2024

Transformation of the previous centrally growth‐oriented economic systems to a sustainable bio‐economy is a global political trend, where public policy is a key factor in making this successful. Designing effective and efficient policies requires understanding the linkages between policy choices and outcomes. Most existing studies are missing a direct link to policy choices and ignore fundamental model uncertainty present in policy analysis. We empirically estimate a sector‐specific, nested two‐stage policy impact function to address these shortcomings. We apply a Bayesian estimation approach that combines existing statistical data with a priori information from political experts, thus reducing data and estimation problems. This is linked with a Computable General Equilibrium to model the entire link from policies to outcomes. We derive a theoretical framework that allows the definition of indicators for key sectors of an efficient Pro‐Poor‐Growth strategy. In our generalized framework, we show that indicators based only on growth‐poverty linkages might be misleading. To deal with model uncertainty inherent in the application, we derive a set of metamodels via simulations conducted under different model parameter settings and apply Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling. Applying Bayesian model selection allows drawing statistical inferences on competing models to generate relatively robust policy‐relevant messages even under model uncertainty. The approach is empirically applied to Ghana, Senegal, and Uganda, analyzing the allocation of public spending on agriculture under the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme. [EconLit Citations: C11—Bayesian Analysis: General; C63—Computational Techniques, Simulation Modeling; D58—Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models; O55—Africa; Q01—Sustainable Development; Q18—Agricultural Policy].
Neural Compact Modeling Framework for Flexible Model Parameter Selection with High Accuracy and Fast SPICE Simulation
Authors: Eom Seungjoon , Yun Hyeok , Jang Hyundong , Cho Kyeongrae , Lee Seunghwan , Jeong Jinsu , Baek Rock‐Hyun
Published: January 2024

Neural compact models are proposed to simplify device‐modeling processes without requiring domain expertise. However, the existing models have certain limitations. Specifically, some models are not parameterized, while others compromise accuracy and speed, which limits their usefulness in multi‐device applications and reduces the quality of circuit simulations. To address these drawbacks, a neural compact modeling framework with a flexible selection of technology‐based model parameters using a two‐stage neural network (NN) architecture is proposed. The proposed neural compact model comprises two NN components: one utilizes model parameters to program the other, which can then describe the current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of the device. Unlike previous neural compact models, this two‐stage network structure enables high accuracy and fast simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE) simulation without any trade‐off. The I–V characteristics of 1000 amorphous indium–gallium–zinc‐oxide thin‐film transistor devices with different properties obtained through fully calibrated technology computer‐aided design simulations are utilized to train and test the model and a highly precise neural compact model with an average IDS error of 0.27% and R2 DC characteristic values above 0.995 is acquired. Moreover, the proposed framework outperforms the previous neural compact modeling methods in terms of SPICE simulation speed, training speed, and accuracy.
Sleep and circadian rhythm disruptions in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Filardi Marco , Gnoni Valentina , Tamburrino Ludovica , Nigro Salvatore , Urso Daniele , Vilella Davide , Tafuri Benedetta , Giugno Alessia , De Blasi Roberto , Zoccolella Stefano , Logroscino Giancarlo
Published: January 2024

INTRODUCTION

Sleep and rest–activity rhythm alterations are common in neurodegenerative diseases. However, their characterization in patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) has proven elusive. We investigated rest–activity rhythm alterations, sleep disturbances, and their neural correlates in bvFTD.

METHODS

Twenty‐seven bvFTD patients and 25 healthy controls completed sleep questionnaires and underwent 7 days of actigraphy while concurrently maintaining a sleep diary. Cortical complexity and thickness were calculated from T1‐weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images.

RESULTS

Compared to controls, bvFTD patients showed longer time in bed (95% confidence interval [CI]: 79.31, 321.83) and total sleep time (95% CI: 24.38, 321.88), lower sleep efficiency (95% CI: −12.58, −95.54), and rest–activity rhythm alterations in the morning and early afternoon. Increased sleep duration was associated with reduced cortical thickness in frontal regions.

DISCUSSION

Patients with bvFTD showed longer sleep duration, lower sleep quality, and rest–activity rhythm alterations. Actigraphy could serve as a cost‐effective and accessible tool for ecologically monitoring changes in sleep duration in bvFTD patients.

Highlights

We assessed sleep and circadian rhythms in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) using actigraphy.

Patients with bvFTD show increased sleep duration and reduced sleep quality.

Patients with bvFTD show rest–activity alterations in the morning and early afternoon.

Sleep duration is associated with reduced cortical thickness in frontal regions.

These alterations may represent an early sign of neurodegeneration.
Enantioselective Rhodium‐Catalyzed C−H Arylation Enables Direct Synthesis of Atropisomeric Phosphines
Authors: Li Zexian , Xu Weipeng , Song Shuaishuai , Wang Minyan , Zhao Yue , Shi Zhuangzhi
Published: January 2024

Atropisomeric phosphines hold considerable significance in asymmetric catalysis, yet their synthesis presents a formidable challenge owing to intricate multistep procedures. In this context, a groundbreaking methodology has been presented for their preparation. This innovative approach entails an atroposelective rhodium‐catalyzed C−H activation employing aryl and heteroaryl halides, chelated by a P(III) center. The essence of this strategy lies in its ability to directly construct chiral phosphine ligands in a single step, thereby exhibiting exceptional efficiency in terms of atom and redox economy. Illustrative examples serve to demonstrate the immense potential of in situ‐formed ligands in asymmetric catalysis. Mechanistic experiments have further provided invaluable insights into this transformation.
The effect of a ‘Sip til Send’ policy on patient satisfaction: a quality improvement project
Authors: Wiles M. D. , Macdonald A.
Published: January 2024

Patients often are nil by mouth for prolonged periods pre‐operatively, which is associated with adverse effects including discomfort, anxiety, thirst and nausea. As a result, several hospitals have introduced a more liberal regimen of pre‐operative drinking, with patients encouraged to sip small volumes of water until transfer to the operating theatre (‘Sip til Send’). The impact of ‘Sip til Send’ on patient satisfaction is still to be determined. We hypothesised that the introduction of a ‘Sip til Send’ policy would increase patient's satisfaction with their pre‐operative fluid management regimen. We conducted a staged implementation of a ‘Sip til Send’ quality improvement initiative in two campuses of a large tertiary teaching hospital. This involved a targeted education and implementation programme that was refined and delivered through ‘plan, do, study and act’ cycles. Patient satisfaction with their pre‐operative fluid management was measured by rating the statement “I am happy with the management of pre‐operative drinking”, against a five‐point Likert scale (0, strongly disagree; 1, disagree; 2, neutral; 3, agree; and 4, strongly agree). Patient satisfaction with pre‐operative fluid management was high at baseline, with pooled data for both campuses showing a median (IQR [range]) satisfaction score of 4 (3–4 [1–4]). After the implementation of ‘Sip til Send’, this improved to a median (IQR [range]) satisfaction score of 4 (4–4 [2–4]) (p < 0.001). The introduction of a ‘Sip til Send’ policy resulted in an increase in patient satisfaction. Key factors in successful implementation included the provision of a clear explanation of the underlying rationale to patients, nursing and anaesthetic staff, and establishing the policy as the default position for all elective patients.
Implementation of the American Society of Anesthesiologists 2022 paediatric guidelines in a child with mandibular metastasis
Authors: Larkins M. , Iasiello J. , Travia K. , Pasli M. , Cai S. , Hutton A.
Published: January 2024

The 2022 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for Management of the Difficult Airway differ significantly from prior guidelines, particularly regarding paediatric patients. These guidelines place new emphasis on establishing a multidisciplinary team led by an anaesthetist trained in paediatric anaesthesia. Here, we demonstrate the clinical application of the new guidelines by presenting the case of a 16‐month‐old girl with a rapidly growing mandibular mass. The new guidelines stipulated the need for multidisciplinary team assembly; planning with indirect laryngoscopy; the availability of surgical tracheostomy and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; and multiple ‘time out’ stops to confirm team members and plans. The patient tolerated induction of general anaesthesia and mask‐ventilation and tracheal intubation was achieved uneventfully on the first attempt. Her trachea was extubated uneventfully 5 days later. We emphasise the importance of paediatric anaesthesia training and videolaryngoscopy and discuss components of the 2022 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for Management of the Difficult Airway with reference to a successful outcome in a paediatric difficult airway scenario.
Teaching respect for body donors: A US medical student perspective
Authors: Choi William J.
Published: January 2024

Recent controversies over the mismanagement of body donors in US medical schools have raised public concerns over the ethical treatment of bodies in “anatomical gift” programs. Despite widespread moral outrage at such cases, medical students may still make seemingly inconsequential mistakes or jokes that in fact constitute acts of disrespect. This may partially be attributed to the process of desensitization in working with human remains, and indicates a further need to inculcate into medical students the ethical responsibilities of working with body donors. Donation agreement statements that lack specific information about the respectful treatment of bodies in the anatomy laboratory may serve as an additional point of concern for potential donors seeking reassurance about the future treatment of their bodies. This viewpoint draws from the anecdotal experiences of medical students to portray two scenarios of medical students' disrespectful conduct toward body donors, and constructs an account of moral respect for human remains based on respect for posthumous autonomy and respect in attitude. It then provides suggestions for US medical schools to incorporate this ethical framework into their anatomy curricula to instill respectful dispositions in its students and facilitate a more robust informed consent process for potential donors who entrust their bodies to medical students.
Does regular attendance in supplemental virtual near‐peer tutoring in anatomy laboratory content improve anatomy performance for medical students?
Authors: Doty Julie E. , Thompson Nathan E.
Published: January 2024

Near‐peer tutoring (NPT) programs are popular vehicles to supplement traditional delivery of medical school curricula, including for anatomy laboratory (AL) content. While NPT programs can result in improved preclinical coursework performance for tutees, little to no data specifically show a benefit of NPT in AL course performance. In 2021, NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine launched an NPT program where qualified second‐year students led group tutoring sessions for first‐year students. This study investigated whether participation and level of attendance in AL NPT sessions were associated with greater examination‐to‐examination improvement in AL performance. Student attendance at AL sessions in the NPT program was categorized as either regular (10 or more sessions), moderate (5–9 sessions), infrequent (1–4 sessions), or never during one semester. For the first 2 years of the NPT program, attendance frequency at AL tutoring sessions had a significant impact on average exam‐to‐exam improvement (p < 0.05). Overall, students who attended tutoring at any frequency had greater exam‐to‐exam improvement than students who never attended (p < 0.05). However, this trend was only significant in 1 of 2 years investigated. These data show that NPT programs can, though not uniformly, benefit student outcomes in AL coursework. With these data, this study provides additional details on the level of attendance necessary for expected improvements in AL coursework.
High‐fat diet induced obesity promotes inflammation, oxidative stress, and hepatotoxicity in female FVB/N mice
Authors: Ofosu‐Boateng Malvin , Shaik Fathima , Choi Sora , Ekuban Frederick A. , Gebreyesus Lidya H. , Twum Elizabeth , Nnamani Daniel O. , Yeyeodu Susan T. , Yadak Nour , Collier Daniel M. , Gyamfi Maxwell A.
Published: January 2024

Although obesity and subsequent liver injury are increasingly prevalent in women, female mouse models have generally shown resistance to high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obesity. We evaluated control and HFD‐fed male and female FVB/N mice, a strain well‐suited to transgenic analyses, for phenotypic, histological, and molecular markers related to control of glucose, lipids, and inflammation in serum, liver, and perigonadal white adipose tissues. Unlike many mouse models, HFD‐fed FVB/N females gained more perigonadal and mesenteric fat mass and overall body weight than their male counterparts, with increased hepatic expression of lipogenic PPARγ target genes (Cd36, Fsp27, and Fsp27β), oxidative stress genes and protein (Nqo1 and CYP2E1), inflammatory gene (Mip‐2), and the pro‐fibrotic gene Pai‐1, along with increases in malondialdehyde and serum ALT levels. Further, inherent to females (independently of HFD), hepatic antioxidant heme oxygenase‐1 (HMOX1, HO‐1) protein levels were reduced compared to their male counterparts. In contrast, males may have been relatively protected from HFD‐induced oxidative stress and liver injury by elevated mRNA and protein levels of hepatic antioxidants BHMT and Gpx2, increased fatty acid oxidation genes in liver and adipocytes (Pparδ), despite disorganized and inflamed adipocytes. Thus, female FVB/N mice offer a valuable preclinical, genetically malleable model that recapitulates many of the features of diet‐induced obesity and liver damage observed in human females.
Psychotherapists’ perspectives on loss of sense of control
Authors: Riachi Eve , Holma Juha , Laitila Aarno
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Sense of control is an integral part of well‐being. Studies have reported on the connection between loss of control and psychological symptoms. However, loss of sense of control has not yet been studied from the perspective of psychotherapists.

Methods

This
study had three research objectives: to find out how psychotherapists define loss of sense of control, whether they consider loss of sense of control to play a role in the start of psychological symptoms, and, if so, in what cases. Lebanese psychotherapists were interviewed and the data were then analyzed using frame analysis.

Results

The analysis revealed two definitions for loss of sense of control and conflicting views on whether it plays a role in the onset of disorders. Problems within relationships and stress were the most mentioned examples of loss of sense of control.

Conclusion

The findings shed light on psychotherapists’ diverse opinions and explanations regarding the role of loss of sense of control in the development of psychological symptoms.
Instrumental variables in real‐world clinical studies of dementia and neurodegenerative disease: Systematic review of the subject‐matter argumentation, falsification test, and study design strategies to justify a valid instrument
Authors: Hiu Shaun , Yong Tingting , Hasoon Jahfer , Teare M. Dawn , Taylor John‐Paul , Lin Nan
Published: January 2024

Objectives

We systematically reviewed how investigators argued for and justified the validity of their instrumental variables (IV) in clinical studies of dementia and neurodegenerative disease.

Methods

We included studies using IV analysis with observational data to investigate causal effects in clinical research studies of dementia and neurodegenerative disease. We reported the subject‐matter argumentation, falsification test, and study design strategies used to satisfy the three assumptions of a valid IV: relevance, exclusion restriction, and exchangeability.

Results

Justification for the relevance assumption was performed in all 12 included studies, exclusion restriction in seven studies, and exchangeability in nine studies. Two subject‐matter argumentation strategies emerged from seven studies on the relevance of their IV. All studies except one provided quantitative evidence for the strength of the association between the IV and exposure variable. Four argumentation strategies emerged for exclusion restriction from six studies. Four falsification tests were performed across three studies. Three argumentation strategies emerged for exchangeability across four studies. Nine falsification tests were performed across nine studies. Two notable study design strategies were reported.

Conclusion

Our results reinforce IV analysis as a feasible option for clinical researchers in dementia and neurodegenerative disease by clarifying known strategies used to validate an IV.
Significant phenotypic variability in a multigenerational family with an NFIA missense mutation: Case series and review of the literature
Authors: Paschell Peyton , Laukaitis Christina
Published: January 2024

Key Clinical Message

We report the first multigenerational family with NFIA‐related disorder from a missense variant. This case highlights the condition's phenotypic variability and the need for genetic testing when an initial diagnosis fails to explain all symptoms.
Nanofatigue of supercrystalline nanocomposites
Authors: Yan Cong , Giuntini Diletta
Published: January 2024

Supercrystalline nanocomposites (SCNCs) are a new category of hybrid materials consisting of inorganic nanoparticles surface‐functionalized with organic ligands and with periodic nanostructures, featuring multi‐functionality and able to reach exceptional mechanical properties. Although efforts have been made to explore their mechanical behavior, their response to cyclic loading remains to be unveiled. Here, the fatigue behavior of SCNCs with different degrees of organic crosslinking is investigated via nanoindentation. The nanocomposites’ fatigue life is assessed, and it emerges that SCNCs without crosslinking are more efficient in dissipating energy under cyclic loading and thus feature a longer fatigue life. Chipping is identified as the main fatigue failure mechanism, whereas different mechanisms, intrinsic or extrinsic, dominate in the indentation depth propagation, again depending on crosslinking.
Construction and Application of a Pepsin‐Functionalized Covalent Organic Framework with Prominent Chiral Recognition Ability
Authors: Zhang Jiale , Liu Xue , Mu Qixuan , Li Ruijun , Ji Yibing
Published: January 2024

The stable Pepsin@covalent organic framework (Pepsin@COF) were constructed base on matching COF pore diameter to pepsin dimension. It exhibits excellent chiral recognition capabilities (e. e. % up to 62.63 %) and potential for enantioseparation. Furthermore, a positive correlation between the immobilized enzyme activity and chiral recognition was revealed, offering insights for the design of biocatalytic nanosystems in chiral separation.
An algorithm/hardware co‐optimized method to accelerate CNNs with compressed convolutional weights on FPGA
Authors: Shang Jiangwei , Zhang Zhan , Zhang Kun , Li Chuanyou , Qian Lei , Liu Hongwei
Published: January 2024

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown remarkable advantages in a wide range of domains at the expense of huge parameters and computations. Modern CNNs still tend to be more complex and larger to achieve better inference accuracy. However, the complex and large structures of CNNs could slow down the inference speed. Recently, Compressing the convolutional weights to be sparse by pruning the unimportant parameters has been demonstrated as an efficient way to reduce the computations of CNNs. On the other hand, field‐programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) have been a popular hardware platform to accelerate CNN inference. In this paper, we propose an algorithm/hardware co‐optimized method for accelerating CNN inference on FPGAs. For the algorithm, we take advantage of unstructured and structured parameter sparsifying methods to achieve high sparsity and keep the regularity of convolutional weights. Correspondingly, hardware‐friendly index representations of sparse convolutional weights are proposed. For the hardware architecture, we propose row‐wise input‐stationary dataflow, which is tightly coupled with the algorithm. A row‐wise computing engine (RConv Engine) is proposed, which is based on the dataflow. Inside the RConv Engine, the scalar‐vector structure is applied to implement the basic processing elements (PEs). To flexibly calculate the feature map with various sizes, the PEs are organized in a 2D structure with two work modes. The experimental results demonstrate that our co‐optimized method implements high sparsity of convolutional weights, and the computing engine achieves high computation efficiency. Compared with other accelerators, our co‐optimized method implements a 10.9 speedup on FPS at most with the highest sparsity of convolutional weights and negligible accuracy loss.
Enhancing Power Quality in Microgrids with Hybrid Tuna‐Glowworm Swarm Optimization Strategy for Renewable Energy Sources
Authors: Nanda Babita , Muni Bishnu Prasad , Jena Ranjan Kumar
Published: January 2024

The technical issues in the microgrids (MG) are predicted and the fluctuation in the MG is controlled precisely by the inclusion of distinct renewable energy sources (RESs) into the MG system. The voltage stability and distortionless harmonic are the two main factors that need to be tackled in the MG system. By solving the above‐mentioned two factors, the overall power quality (PQ) of the MG is enhanced. Multiple pieces of equipment are introduced and developed especially to resolve the issues regarding the load's nonlinearity and the source's uncertainty. Hence, a novel “hybrid tuna‐glowworm swarm optimization (HT‐GWSO)” algorithm is introduced to resolve the uncertainties in the MG and to enhance the PQ in this paperwork. The proposed algorithm is a combination of “glowworm swarm optimization (GWO) with the tuna swarm optimization (TSO)” algorithms. This algorithm is utilized in tuning the parameters of the controllers used in the MG. The reactive power is varied from the active power to enhance the PQ in this proposed scheme. The controller's parameters are optimized so that the variation in power and the error while the function is minimized in the MG system. An expensive simulation is done to prove the superiority of the suggested scheme.
Investigation of the uptake and catalytic effect of calcium and potassium‐based additives under low‐temperature pyrolysis of polyvinyl chloride
Authors: Loong Glen Khew Mun , Okada Keita , Morishige Naoto , Konakahara Naoya , Yokota Morihisa , Tanoue Ken‐ichiro
Published: January 2024

Managing plastic waste containing polyvinyl chloride is difficult due to the release of hazardous substances such as hydrogen chloride. Alkaline metal has been proven to minimize the release of hydrogen chloride during thermal degradation of polyvinyl chloride. However, most past studies conducted heating experiments under a high temperature which promotes the production of aromatic hydrocarbons. In this study, low‐temperature pyrolysis was utilized which focuses on the dehydrochlorination stage while minimizing further degradation of hydrocarbons. The effectiveness of calcium oxide, calcium carbonate and potassium carbonate in minimizing the release of hydrogen chloride was also evaluated. Among those three additives, calcium oxide and potassium carbonate have shown some potential in uptaking hydrogen chloride. Especially when the molar ratio of additive to PVC is 1:1.6, calcium oxide reduced the generation of hydrogen chloride to as low as 20%. Potassium carbonate also exhibits an uptake effect but has a slight catalytic effect when the molar ratio is less than 1:1. On the other hand, calcium carbonate not only shows little to no uptake effect, but also promotes the thermal degradation of hydrocarbon.
Bibliometric and visualized analysis of resveratrol in anticancer investigations
Authors: Fu Qiang , Lu Zhongqi , Chang Ying , Jin Tiefeng , Zhang Meihua
Published: January 2024

A growing number of publications have shown that resveratrol has anticancer effects and has become a hotspot in cancer research. The purpose of this study is to analyze the academic results and research trends in resveratrol within the field of anticancer and to predict the future trends in this field. We conducted a literature search for resveratrol in anticancer research from 2003 to 2022 using the Science Citation Index Expanded of the Web of Science Core Collection. The visualization software was used to perform the bibliometric analysis. A total of 1463 publications from 2003 to 2022 were retrieved. China had the highest number of publications. Taipei Medical University became the research institution with the largest number of publications worldwide. The journals with the highest output and co‐citation frequency were Molecules and Cancer Research. Levenson, Anait S and Jaeger, Walter published the largest number of papers. Jang, MS was the most co‐cited author. Timeline View shows trends and relationship between research topics over time and suggests that the emerging frontier of resveratrol in anticancer may be “resveratrol induces apoptosis.” As more and more evidence shows the important role of resveratrol in anticancer, further research on its mechanisms and target discovery may become a major direction for future research. The bibliometric analysis findings of this study will significantly contribute to scholars' comprehensive understanding of the anticancer effects and mechanisms of action of resveratrol, aiding in delineating research hotspots and frontier directions within this field, thereby providing guidance for future investigations.
Experimental study on the outburst potential energy caused by added water under stepwise depressurization
Authors: Li Xinjian , Chen Xiangjun , Wang Lin , Shi Haoyang , Yu Tongyong
Published: January 2024

The research on the mechanism of coal and gas outburst is still in the hypothesis stage, and exploration of the outburst mechanism fro m an energy perspective often focuses on the calculation of coal rock elastic energy and gas expansion energy. There are some studies on elastic energy and gas expansion energy of coal rock caused by added water during outburst, although hydr aulic measures not only improve the permeability of coal seam, but also increase the water content. For calculating the gas expansion energy, the atmospheric gas desorption characteristic is generally utilized, while the gas desorption is completed on the condition of dropping pressure in outburst, and the expansion energy research, based on that law, inevitably brings about errors, thus affecting the objectivity of the potential research. In this study, uniaxial cyclic loading experiments were carried out on briquette coal samples with water content of 0%, 1%, 2% and 4%, whose elastic energy density was analyzed, in addition to examining how the added water affected the mechanical properties and the elastic energy of coal. The pressure drop gradient of the experiment is set 2.5 –2 MPa, 1.5 –1 MPa, 0.5 MPa‐0 Pa. By stepwise depressurization desorption of coal samples after water injection, the gas expansion energy in different moisture is measured in each pressure drop stage, and the influence of moisture on gas expansion energy is quantitatively explored. Research has shown that the higher the water content, the lower the elastic energy density, while the higher the stress, the greater the elastic energy of coal. The gas expansion energy grows linearly with the increase of adsorption equilibrium pressure and diminishes in negative exponential law with the increasing moisture. Under the experimental conditions, the expansion energy decreases by 7%–9% and the elastic energy by 9.7% on average for every 1% increase in added water, and the influence gradually weakens when the moisture exceeds the critical value. This study innovatively simulates the pressure swing desorption when a coal and gas outburst occurs in the laboratory, confirms the critical moisture that affects the outburst potential, and is a useful exploration in the coal and gas outburst mechanism. Significantly the research results can guide the engineering practice when using hydraulic measures to prevent and control outburst disasters. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cerebrovascular reactivity increases across development in multiple networks as revealed by a breath‐holding task: A longitudinal fMRI study
Authors: Chen Donna Y. , Di Xin , Biswal Bharat
Published: January 2024

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been widely used to understand the neurodevelopmental changes that occur in cognition and behavior across childhood. The blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent (BOLD) signal obtained from fMRI is understood to be comprised of both neuronal and vascular information. However, it is unclear whether the vascular response is altered across age in studies investigating development in children. Since the breath‐hold (BH) task is commonly used to understand cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) in fMRI studies, it can be used to account for developmental differences in vascular response. This study examines how the cerebrovascular response changes over age in a longitudinal children's BH data set from the Nathan Kline Institute (NKI) Rockland Sample (aged 6–18 years old at enrollment). A general linear model approach was applied to derive CVR from BH data. To model both the longitudinal and cross‐sectional effects of age on BH response, we used mixed‐effects modeling with the following terms: linear, quadratic, logarithmic, and quadratic‐logarithmic, to find the best‐fitting model. We observed increased BH BOLD signals in multiple networks across age, in which linear and logarithmic mixed‐effects models provided the best fit with the lowest Akaike information criterion scores. This shows that the cerebrovascular response increases across development in a brain network‐specific manner. Therefore, fMRI studies investigating the developmental period should account for cerebrovascular changes that occur with age.
From mechanism to application: Decrypting light‐regulated denitrifying microbiome through geometric deep learning
Authors: Liao Yang , Zhao Jing , Bian Jiyong , Zhang Ziwei , Xu Siqi , Qin Yijian , Miao Shiyu , Li Rui , Liu Ruiping , Zhang Meng , Zhu Wenwu , Liu Huijuan , Qu Jiuhui
Published: January 2024

Regulation on denitrifying microbiomes is crucial for sustainable industrial biotechnology and ecological nitrogen cycling. The holistic genetic profiles of microbiomes can be provided by meta‐omics. However, precise decryption and further applications of highly complex microbiomes and corresponding meta‐omics data sets remain great challenges. Here, we combined optogenetics and geometric deep learning to form a discover–model–learn–advance (DMLA) cycle for denitrification microbiome encryption and regulation. Graph neural networks (GNNs) exhibited superior performance in integrating biological knowledge and identifying coexpression gene panels, which could be utilized to predict unknown phenotypes, elucidate molecular biology mechanisms, and advance biotechnologies. Through the DMLA cycle, we discovered the wavelength‐divergent secretion system and nitrate‐superoxide coregulation, realizing increasing extracellular protein production by 83.8% and facilitating nitrate removal with 99.9% enhancement. Our study showcased the potential of GNNs‐empowered optogenetic approaches for regulating denitrification and accelerating the mechanistic discovery of microbiomes for in‐depth research and versatile applications.
Construction and validation of molecular subtype and signature of immune cell‐related telomeric genes and prediction of prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy in ovarian cancer patients
Authors: Ling Lele , Li Bingrong , Wu Huijing , Zhang Kaiyong , Li Siwen , Ke Boliang , Zhu Zhengyang , Liu Te , Liu Peng , Zhang Bimeng
Published: January 2024

Background

Ovarian cancer (OVC) has emerged as a fatal gynecological malignancy as a result of a lack of reliable methods for early detection, limited biomarkers and few treatment options. Immune cell‐related telomeric genes (ICRTGs) show promise as potential biomarkers.

Methods

ICRTGs were discovered using weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA). ICRTGs were screened for significant prognosis using one‐way Cox regression analysis. Subsequently, molecular subtypes of prognosis‐relevant ICRTGs were constructed and validated for OVC, and the immune microenvironment's landscape across subtypes was compared. OVC prognostic models were built and validated using prognosis‐relevant ICRTGs. Additionally, chemotherapy susceptibility drugs for OVC patients in the low‐ and high‐risk groups of ICRTGs were screened using genomics of drug susceptibility to cancer (GDSC). Finally, the immunotherapy response in the low‐ and high‐risk groups was detected using the data from GSE78220. We conducted an immune index correlation analysis of ICRTGs with significant prognoses. The MAP3K4 gene, for which the prognostic correlation coefficient is the highest, was validated using tissue microarrays for a prognostic‐immune index correlation.

Results

WGCNA analysis constructed a gene set of ICRTGs and screened 22 genes with prognostic significance. Unsupervised clustering analysis revealed the best molecular typing for two subtypes. The Gene Set Variation Analysis algorithm was used to calculate telomere scores and validate the molecular subtyping. A prognostic model was constructed using 17 ICRTGs. In the The Cancer Genome Atlas‐OVC training set and the Gene Expression Omnibus validation set (GSE30161), the risk score model's predicted risk groups and the actual prognosis were shown to be significantly correlated. GDSC screened Axitinib, Bexarotene, Embelin and the GSE78220 datasets and demonstrated that ICRTGs effectively distinguished the group that responds to immunotherapy from the non‐responsive group. Additionally, tissue microarray validation results revealed that MAP3K4 significantly predicted patient prognosis. Furthermore, MAP3K4 exhibited a positive association with PD‐L1 and a negative relationship with the M1 macrophage markers CD86 and INOS.

Conclusions

ICRTGs may be reliable biomarkers for the molecular typing of patients with OVC, enabling the prediction of prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy.
Autophagy‐related risk signature based on CDNK2A to facilitate survival prediction of patients with endometrial cancer
Authors: Yue Chaomin , Lin Baohua , Sun Xiang , Xu Xindi , Zhou Chufan , Fan Jiaying
Published: January 2024

Background

Autophagy plays an important role in immunity and inflammation. The present study aimed to explore the prognostic significance of autophagy‐related genes (ARGs) in endometrial cancer (EC) using bioinformatics.

Methods

The list of ARGs was obtained from the Human Autophagy Database. The differentially expressed ARGs (DEARGs) between the EC and normal endometrial tissue samples were screened from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Cox regression analysis was performed on the DEARGs to screen the prognostic ARGs and construct risk signatures for overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS). The hub ARGs were identified from a protein–protein interaction network, and CDKN2A was obtained from the intersection of prognostic ARGs and hub ARGs. The association of CDKN2A expression with clinical characteristics and immune infiltration were analyzed. Finally, the role of CDKN2A in autophagy was confirmed in EC cell lines.

Results

CDKN2A, PTK6 and DLC1 were used to establish risk signatures for predicting the survival of EC patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that the risk signatures can accurately predict both OS and PFS. CDKN2A was the only hub prognostic ARG, and showed significant association with the age, survival status, grade, histological type, body mass index and FIGO (i.e. International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) stage (p < 0.05). Furthermore, CDKN2A expression was also correlated with the infiltration of immune cells, indicating that CDKN2A might play a critical role in regulating the immune microenvironment and immune responses in EC. In addition, silencing of CDKN2A gene promoted autophagy in the HEC‐1A cell line and upregulated the expression levels of autophagy‐related proteins.

Conclusions

CDKN2A is a prognostic factor and therapeutic target in EC, and is likely associated with the tumor immune landscape and autophagy.
Exploration of the prognostic effect of costimulatory genes in bladder cancer
Authors: Su Hao , Liu Ziqi , Zhang Chaoyue , Deng Zebin , Su Xiaozhe , Wang Yinhuai , Liu Wentao
Published: January 2024

Background

A prognostic model of bladder cancer was constructed based on costimulatory molecules, and its stability and accuracy were verified in different datasets.

Method

The expression profile of bladder cancer RNA and the corresponding clinical data in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were analyzed employing computational biology, and a prognostic model was constructed for costimulating molecule‐related genes. The model was applied in GSE160693, GSE176307, Xiangya_Cohort, GSE13507, GSE19423, GSE31684, GSE32894, GSE48075, GSE69795 and GSE70691 in TCGA dataset and Gene Expression Omnibus database. The role of costimulating molecules in bladder cancer tumor subtypes was also explored. By consistent cluster analysis, bladder cancer in the TCGA dataset was categorized into two subtypes: C1 and C2. The C1 subtype exhibited a poor prognosis, high levels of immune cell infiltration and significant enrichment of natural killer cells, T cells and dendritic cells in the C1 subtype. In addition, the ImmuneScore calculated by the ESTIMATE algorithm differed greatly between the two subtypes, and the ImmuneScore of the C1 subtype was greater than the C2 subtype in a significant manner.

Results

This study also assessed the relationship between costimulating molecules and immunotherapy response. The high‐risk group responded poorly to immunotherapy, with significant differences in the amount of most immune cells between the two groups. Further, three indices of the ESTIMATE algorithm and 22 immune cells of the CIBERSORT algorithm were significantly correlated with risk values. These findings suggest the potential value of costimulating molecules in predicting immunotherapy response.

Conclusion

A costimulatory molecule‐based prognostic model for bladder cancer was established and validated across multiple datasets. This model introduces a novel mode for tailoring treatments to each individual with bladder cancer, and offers valuable insights for informed clinical choices. Simultaneously, this research also delved into the significance of costimulating molecules within distinct bladder cancer subtypes, shedding novel insights into improving immunotherapy strategies for the treatment of bladder cancer.
MiR‐431 promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation by targeting FBXO32 expression
Authors: Li Mengsha , Zhang Chenrui , Tan Lirong , Liu Tingyan , Zhu Tingting , Wei Xuejiao , Liu Jiacai , Si Xiaoyun , Li Bing
Published: January 2024

Background

The induction of cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferation is a promising approach for cardiac regeneration following myocardial injury. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to regulate CM proliferation. In particular, miR‐431 expression decreases during cardiac development, according to Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) microarray data. However, whether miR‐431 regulates CM proliferation has not been thoroughly investigated.

Methods

We used integrated bioinformatics analysis of GEO datasets to identify the most significantly differentially expressed miRNAs. Real‐time quantitative PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization were performed to determine the miRNA expression patterns in hearts. Gain‐ and loss‐of‐function assays were conducted to detect the role of miRNA in CM proliferation. Additionally, we detected whether miR‐431 affected CM proliferation in a myocardial infarction model. The TargetScan, miRDB and miRWalk online databases were used to predict the potential target genes of miRNAs. Luciferase reporter assays were used to study miRNA interactions with the targeting mRNA.

Results

First, we found a significant reduction in miR‐431 levels during cardiac development. Then, by overexpression and inhibition of miR‐431, we demonstrated that miR‐431 promotes CM proliferation in vitro and in vivo, as determined by immunofluorescence assays of 5‐ethynyl‐2'‐deoxyuridine (EdU), pH3, Aurora B and CM count, whereas miR‐431 inhibition suppresses CM proliferation. Then, we found that miR‐431 improved cardiac function post‐myocardial infarction. In addition, we identified FBXO32 as a direct target gene of miR‐431, with FBXO32 mRNA and protein expression being suppressed by miR‐431. FBXO32 inhibited CM proliferation. Overexpression of FBXO32 blocks the enhanced effect of miR‐431 on CM proliferation, suggesting that FBXO32 is a functional target of miR‐431 during CM proliferation.

Conclusion

In summary, miR‐431 promotes CM proliferation by targeting FBXO32, providing a potential molecular target for preventing myocardial injury.