bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Speechreading, Phonological Skills, and Word Reading Ability in Children
Authors: Kyle Fiona E. , Trickey Natasha
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between speechreading ability, phonological skills, and word reading ability in typically developing children.

Method:

Sixty-six typically developing children (6–7 years old) completed tasks measuring word reading, speechreading (words, sentences, and short stories), alliteration awareness, rhyme awareness, nonword reading, and rapid automatized naming (RAN).

Results:

Speechreading ability was significantly correlated with rhyme and alliteration awareness, phonological error rate, nonword reading, and reading ability (medium effect sizes) and RAN (small effect size). Multiple regression analyses showed that speechreading was not a unique predictor of word reading ability beyond the contribution of phonological skills. A speechreading error analysis revealed that children tended to use a phonological strategy when speechreading, and in particular, this strategy was used by skilled speechreaders.

Conclusions:

The current study provides converging evidence that speechreading and phonological skills are positively related in typically developing children. These skills are likely to have a reciprocal relationship, and children may benefit from having their attention drawn to visual information available on the lips while learning letter sounds or learning to read, as this could augment and strengthen underlying phonological representations.
Characterisation of the X-ray point source variability in the eROSITA south ecliptic pole field
Authors: Bogensberger D. , Nandra K. , Salvato M. , Liu T. , Wolf J. , Croom S. , Starck H. , Buchner J. , Ponti G. , Ider Chitham J. , Maitra C. , Robrade J. , Merloni A. , Krumpe M.
Published: April 2024

Aims.During the Spectrum Roentgen Gamma (SRG)/eROSITA all-sky surveys, X-ray sources close to the South Ecliptic Pole (SEP) are observed almost every 4 h. We aim to identify the sources exhibiting the most significant long-term X-ray variability within 3° of the SEP in the first three surveys, and investigate their properties.

Methods.We determined the variability significance of ~104sources observed by eROSITA within 3° of the SEP by using thresholds on the Bayesian excess variance (SCATT_LO) and the maximum amplitude deviation (AMPL_SIG). Sources exhibiting a variability significance above 3σwere subdivided into likely Galactic and extragalactic sources, by using spectral and photometric information of their optical counterparts. We quantified the X-ray normalised excess variances of all variable sources, and also calculated the periodograms of the brightest ones.

Results.Out of more than 104X-ray sources detected by eROSITA within 3° of the SEP, we identified 453 that exhibit significant X-ray variability. SCATT_LO is significantly more sensitive to detecting variable sources in this field, but AMPL_SIG helps to provide a more complete variability sample. Of those variable sources, 168 were classified as likely extragalactic, and 235 as likely Galactic. The periodograms of most bright and variable extragalactic sources are approximately described by an aliased power law (P∞ν−α) with an index ofα≈ 1. We identified a potential tidal disruption event, and long-term transient sources. The stellar X-ray variability was predominantly caused by bright X-ray flares from coronally active stars.
The impact of climate change on the forest ecosystems of Krasnodar Region
Authors: Kuznetsova Yu.S. , Modina M.A. , Khekert E.V. , Voskanyan A.A. , Pismenskaya Yu.V. , Shkoda V.V.
Published: April 2024

Modern anthropogenic warming changes all climatic characteristics: temperature, precipitation, cloudiness, duration of snow cover, etc.The article analyzes the impact of global climate change on the forest ecosystems of Krasnodar region. The conclusion about the moderately negative contribution of the climatic factor to the forecast dynamics of forestry is substantiated.
Ecological assessment of zooplankton communities at the seaport of Temryuk (the Sea of Azov)
Authors: Selifonova Zh.P. , Poltarukha O.P. , Boran-Keshishayn A.L. , Kuzmenko V.A.
Published: April 2024

The taxonomic composition and dynamics of the abundance of holoplankton and meroplankton were studied in the estuary of the seaport Temryuk and in Temryuk Bay (background) in autumn 2018. The impact of the trading port and the Kuban River on the state of holoplankton and meroplankton was assessed. The abundance of holo- and meroplankton in the more desalinated and polluted estuary of the port, which borders the Kuban River, was 1.5–3 times lower than in the Temryuk Bay. In the composition of the copepods Oithona davisae and Acartia tonsa, up to half of non-viable individuals were found in the port estuary. In early autumn, the holoplankton was dominated by Oithona davisa and freshwater cyclopoid copepods; in Temryuk Bay, O. davisae prevailed; in meroplankton, larvae of mollusks wee ubiquitous. At the end of autumn, freshwater cyclopoid copepods and larvae of cirripede barnacles Amphibalanus improvisus were abundant in the port estuary; in the bay, along with O. davisae, brackish-water copepods Еurytemora affinnis, larvae of cirripede barnacles A.improvisus were abundant. The basis of the pool of merorplankton was species tolerant to water eutrophication and sulfide contamination of bottom sediments (A. improvisus, Bittium reticulatum and Bivalvia).
Effect of atmospheric emissions on ecological and physiological parameters of plants
Authors: Migda N.S. , Modina M.A. , Shkoda V.V.
Published: April 2024

The problem of air pollution is one of the most serious global problems of humanity. The danger of air pollution is not only that harmful substances that are detrimental to living organisms enter clean air, but also in the pollution-induced climate change of the Earth. Air pollution from human activities has led to an almost 30 per cent increase in carbon dioxide concentrations over the past 200 years. Nevertheless, mankind continues to actively burn fossil fuels and destroy forests. The process is so widespread that it leads to global environmental problems. Air pollution also occurs from other human activities. Combustion of fuel in thermal power plants is accompanied by the emission of sulfur dioxide. Nitrogen oxides enter the atmosphere with the exhaust gases of cars. Carbon monoxide is formed during the incomplete combustion of fuel. Besides, it is worth noting the fine solid pollutants, such as soot and dust. Most industrial emissions into the atmosphere have a harmful effect on vegetation. The main industrial gases are arranged in the following order according to the degree of decrease in their toxicity: fluorine, chlorine, sulfurous anhydride, nitrogen oxides, and ammonia. However, the extent of the lesion is determined not only by the toxicity of substances, but also by their emissions. The presence of pollutants in the atmosphere generally has a detrimental effect on plants, and this effect is noticeable at much lower concentrations than that of animals.
Biosafety binder based on gypsum-bearing waste
Authors: Alfimova N.I. , Voropaev V.S. , Buhtiyarov I.Yu. , Kozhuhova N.I. , Nikulin I.S. , Elistratkin M.Yu.
Published: April 2024

Gypsum-based binders and obtained gypsum materials and products are widely used in the world-building materials market. However, not everywhere there is a natural raw material base for their production. In connection with this feature, gypsum-containing wastes from different industries are of particular interest, which can potentially be used as an analogue to natural gypsum stone. One of these alternative options is gypsum-containing waste – citrogypsum. Citrogypsum is a by-product of the biochemical synthesis of citric acid. Based on the fact that 95–97 % of citrogypsum is represented by calcium sulfate dihydrate, it can be considered as an alternative replacement for natural gypsum stone in gypsum binder production. Сitrogypsum is stored in open dumps, contacting with the environment medium. The fungus Aspergillus niger can be found in cytogypsum, which is used as a culture for the microbiological synthesis of molasses in the production of citric acid. Aspergillus niger is a species of higher molds of the genus Aspergillus and can cause disease in humans and animals. In this connection, biotesting of the raw material (citrogypsum) and gypsum binders obtained by sintering citrogypsum using oats (Avena sativa L) and cladocerans (Daphnia magna) was carried out. Gypsum plaster grade G5 was used as control samples. The results of the research allowed concluding that the binder based on citrogypsum meets environmental safety standards. It does not contain a fungus Aspergillus niger that is dangerous to human health. So, it can be used for the production of building products.
Study of operation of four-screen shoes of grain-cleaning separators
Authors: Chernyshov A.V. , Orobinsky V.I. , Gievsky A.M. , Baskakov I.V.
Published: April 2024

Screen shoes with three layout schemes of sieve arrangement were studied. There are separation and head screens installed in the upper tier in the first and third schemes, and in the lower one respectively there are two cleaning and two sorting screens, and in the latter between the tiers there is a rolling surface placed in the opposite direction of grain material movement. The second scheme involved the sequential installation of a sorting screen in the upper tier, and a cleaning and sorting screen in the lower tier. These schemes are used for preliminary, primary and secondary cleaning of grain material. The experimental studies made it possible to obtain the dependence graphs of the identified grain fractions on its supply to the beginning of the screen shoe, as well as the influence of grain supply on the quality indicators of winter wheat grain, such as the thousand-kernel weight of the main and forage fractions and the completeness of the fodder fraction extraction. The use of a screen shoe with a third layout scheme can provide seed cleaning with a supply of 0.38 kg/(s·m), commercial – with a supply of 1.05 kg/(s·m) and preliminary – with a supply of 3.94 kg/(s·m).
Method for processing organic boat waste from “chorvaagroclaster” farm
Authors: Imomov Sh. , Ergashov Z. , Yuliev O. , Majitov J. , Maxmudova M. , Ganiyev B. , Orziyev S.
Published: April 2024

The article describes the directions of development of the use of renewable energy sources in the modern world, which are producers of environmentally friendly energy with low costs and short-term processing of agricultural waste. The disadvantages of the known methods of manure processing and the installation for its implementation, such as processing organic waste in a thermophilic mode, have a non-Newtonian character with a liquid. It is an organic waste that does not exfoliate and this mixing requires a deep vacuum, which is impractical (not allowing) normal anaerobiosis of methane-producing bacteria. At the same time, the pre-prepared initial biomass is additionally maintained in the bioreactor and the level of biomass in the bioreactor is difficult to control during filling. In addition, it is shown that the proposed design, compared with the prototype, reduces the time of technological exposure of biomass in a bioreactor by 40–45%, increasing the productivity of commercial high-quality organic fertilizers and biogas by 35–40% and increasing the efficiency of processing organic waste 2–2.5 times.
Water consumption and coefficient of water consumption of cotton variety Bukhara-8 in conditions of alluvial-meadow soil of Bukhara region
Authors: Islomov I. , Ikramova M.L. , Tukhtaeva G.P. , Hikmatov F.S. , Mirzomurotov M.F.
Published: April 2024

The paper provides data on the water consumption of cotton and its coefficient of water consumption in arid zones, meadow-alluvial soils of the Bukhara region. Conducted studies have shown that the most economical water consumption in the fields of Bukhara-8 cotton can be achieved with an irrigation regime of 65–70–65% of the FPV with a cotton yield of 42.7 centners per hectare. In this case, the water consumption coefficient is 88 m3/c.
To evaluate the effect of Phyto meliorative measures on land reclamation status
Authors: Khamidova Sh.M. , Juraev U.A. , Juraev A.K. , Khamidov M.Kh.
Published: April 2024

This article presents the results of improving the land ameliorative condition of lands as a result of growing phyto ameliorate plants as a secondary crop in conditions of water shortage and scientific research to save water resources used for salt washing. White sorghum (Sorghum Vulganell pers) and mung bean (Phaselus aureus Piper) were planted as phyto meliorate crops and compared with uncultivated fields. During the experiments, when the effect of Phyto ameliorate crops on the number of chlorine ions contained in the soil was studied, initially, at the beginning of the vegetation period, the number of chlorine ions in the soil tillage layer (0–30 cm) increased by 0,015%, at the end of the experiments, when the number of chlorine ions in the tillage layer (0–100 cm) were 0.012%. Chlorine ion content in the sorghum (Sorghum Vulganell pers) was 0.033% in the driving layer (0–30 cm) and 0.029% in the 0–100 cm layer, while chlorine ion content in the soil was 0.036 and 0.032% in the moss (Phaselus aureus Piper). formed Also, the highest saline leaching rate in the experimental field was 5383 cbm/ha in the plowed field, and the seasonal salinity leaching rate was 2380 cbm/ha when sowing white corn (Sorghum Vulganell pers) as a phytomeliorant, and when sowing moss (Phaselus aureus Piper). 3403 cbm/ha, which is 37-56% less than the control or 1980-3003 cbm/ha.
Efficiency of land preparation methods for planting
Authors: Khasanov I.S. , Kuchkarov J.J. , Imomov Sh.J.
Published: April 2024

The work discusses the components of the aggregate intended for the current leveling of crop fields, basic leveling scoop and front disc softener working bodies were used. In order to form a plane, this is required when leveling the fields of the crop with such working bodies, the leveler aggregate is formed in the transition from one to two. This will prevent further condensation of the soil, resulting in providing the plain with the required level of agrotechnics of the crop areas. This requires additional softening of the crop areas before planting after such leveling. These experiments were carried out on average, sandy areas of the Bukhara region’s irrigated mechanical composition. Conducting experiments deals with the issues such as the technological process of working with a drive mounted on a ground leveler, the structure of the soil pile before the junction, the bulk weight of the field drive layer, the hardness, the aggregate composition of the soil, the plane of the field surface and the measurement of the resistance of the aggregate to gravity. The soil pile cross-profile has been found to vary at different speeds of the leveling aggregate, decreasing high speeds of the cross-sectional profile, owing to which the soil pile cross-sectional surface changes, substantiating the fact that high speeds of the aggregate intensive loading place the soil in front of the junction. At small speeds, the above process occurs relatively slowly, and there is no blockage of the incisions to the disc softeners.
Principles and accounts of automated level with controlled weight controlling water level with new equipment
Authors: Normurodov U.A. , Ruziyeva R.X.
Published: April 2024

In the article, the ABK-1, equipped with flat-wheel valves, is designed to be easy to operate in the next discharge facility No. 1 and to prevent excess consumption from being transferred to the pumping station. The calculation of V. Bachkaryov’s construction is performed. Control of water flow to the 1st discharge by equipping the interval of drainage facilities with anti-gravity segment dams that control the water level at the expense of hydraulic energy instead of the old flat dams, and canals with automatic water flow control devices the problem is solved. It should be noted that this option preserves the dimensions of the water intake facilities in the canals It balances with a segmented shutter-automatic balance (counter-weight) in this design. The hydraulic energy of the segmented water rises and falls due to the pressure, the automatic water does not consume electricity. The movement of the shutter is based on the balance of moments of forces acting on its moving parts relative to its axis.
Development of technical means for laying an irrigation hose for drip irrigation during ridge cultivation of cotton
Authors: Shaimardanov B. , Berdimuratov P. , Berdimurodov U. , Asrorova M. , Tajimuratova A. , Ruziev D.
Published: April 2024

The article presents the results of research on the development of a technology for growing cotton with targeted and uniform moistening of the root systems of plants, which jointly contributed to the creation of optimal conditions for machine harvesting of raw cotton by ensuring early ripening (for 2–3 weeks) and a high yield. Among the measures reducing the labor intensity, further improvement of technology and means of mechanizing cotton sowing is important. The cotton cultivation on the ridge by the soil cultivation theory creates possibilities for adding the arable layer during a high growing season of cotton, which allows for obtaining friendly shoots, developing plants and obtaining a large amount of cotton-raw that ripe early. There is no sign of moisture accumulation in the soils, resulting in soil dusting, structure destroying and soil crusting, forcing creating a “drip irrigation system” providing plants with water and fertilizer if necessary. The use of “drip irrigation” guarantees higher yields and saves labor, water and energy resources. For the use of drip irrigation systems on farms with flexible perforated irrigation tapes laid in the upper part of the bed along its entire length, it is carried out simultaneously with the sowing of cottonseeds, which makes it possible to exclude manual layout of irrigation hoses, i.e., a time-consuming manual operation to start urgent irrigation work.
Comprehensive studies of the physical and thermophysical properties of wort
Authors: Sorokin Sergei A. , Novoselov Aleksandr G. , Kuznetsov Aleksandr Y. , Baranov Igor V. , Rumiantсeva Olga N. , Mironova Daria Yu. , Kiliashov Artemij A. , Kravtsova Evgeniya V.
Published: April 2024

The study is devoted to the study of physical and thermophysical properties of hoped, filtered beer wort in order to obtain graphical and mathematical relationships to calculate the numerical values of density, thermal conductivity and thermal conductivity coefficients, as well as the study of rheological properties. This will allow specialists in various fields related to heat and mass exchange processes to apply a science-based approach in hydraulic and thermal calculations when designing modern designs of heat and mass exchange apparatuses and technological pipelines connecting them. The study of physical properties, particularly rheological properties, was carried out in the temperature range from 283 to 343 K, density and thermophysical properties – from 293 to 353 K. Dry matter content varied from 10.2 to 72.4% dry wt. Density of the solutions was determined using an electronic Excellence D4 Mettler Toledo density meter. The mathematical dependence suggested for its calculation is linear and depends on temperature and dry matter content. Rheological tests were carried out for high-solids solutions with the Rheotest RN 4.1 Rotary Viscometer and for low-viscosity solutions with the Geppler Falling-Ball Viscometer HÖPPLER® KF 3.2. In studies on the rotary viscometer the shear rate gradient varied from 1 to 500 s−1. It was found that at shear rates up to 50 s−1 the solutions exhibit pseudoplastic properties and above Newtonian properties. Thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity were measured using a Hot Disk TPS 2500S analyzer based on the unsteady plane heat source method. The results of the study are recommended to be used for calculation of density, heat conductivity and diffusivity that will allow further calculation of the specific heat capacity according to the known equation, solving technological problems of the brewing industry, and the data on rheology can be used in the calculation practice.
Economic removal of nutrient elements with crop yields
Authors: Tsyganko Elena , Kozenkov Vladimir , Modina Marina , Voskanyan Angelika
Published: April 2024

A significant number of nutrients are taken out of the soil by the harvest and, if they are not returned, in a few years the soil loses its fertility to such an extent that cultivation of vegetable crops becomes a meaningless activity. Searching for the reasons leading to significant variability of normative nutrient removal by grain crops is the purpose of the work. The authors performed calculations, used the results of field experiments with barley. Methods of determining the doses of mineral fertilizers, the balance of humus and nutrients in the soil are presented. The issues of resource conservation, occupational safety and environmental problems in the use of fertilizers are outlined.
Soil degradation in the process of agricultural activities
Authors: Tsyganko Elena , Shtyrkhunova Natalia , Modina Marina , Voskanyan Angelika
Published: April 2024

The key characteristic of agricultural land is its fertility. It consists of different components (chemical composition, moisture content, insolation level, etc.), but in the end only the general characteristic matters. Unfortunately, modern farming practices are such that they inevitably lead to soil degradation. Land degradation is the process when soil quality deteriorates, occurring due to improper land use, agriculture and grazing, urban or industrial uses. The process is associated with the deterioration of the physical, biological and chemical condition of the planet’s cover. The article deals with the problem of land cover pollution. Characterization of the main types of anthropogenic impact on agricultural soils and methods of protection against them are provided.
Experience of afforestation of steep slopes by sowing and planting PMCR by the example of the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors: Mukhametshina Aigul , Musin Haris , Sibgatullina Razilya , Mukhametkhanova Gulnara , Tazmeev Niyaz
Published: April 2024

The article presents the results of afforestation of steep slopes by the example of the Republic of Tatarstan. The total area of forests of the Republic of Tatarstan is 1 million 268 thousand ha, including the area of forest fund lands of 1 million 232 thousand ha, which is 18.7 % of the region’s territory. The use of planting material with a closed root system in the creation of protective forest plantations (gully, field protection) guarantees a rooting rate higher than the average norm. The forest cover of the Republic of Tatarstan will increase and is expected to be 17.6 percent at the end of 2029. The research was conducted on a slope in the hydrographic network of the Shumbutka River, where intensive soil flushing occurs. The study area contains 23.10 hectares of protective forest plantations. All surveyed stands have relatively high values in the categories “healthy” (81.0%), “weakened” (18.0%) and “severely weakened” (1.0%). There are no trees in the categories of “dried out”, “fresh drywood” and “old drywood”, which reduce the overall stand weakening values. According to the results of the conducted research, we revealed that afforestation of steep slopes with the Saba sword tool allows planting in hard-to-reach places (steepness of more than 12%). It is impossible to use machinery there; the use of planting material with a closed root system gives positive results, which is mainly reflected in a high survival rate of tree species. In the second year of the research, the closed root system provides higher biometric indices of planted crops. Positive results were obtained in the sowing of oak cherry with the sword tool “Saba”. Ground germination was 67.0%. Preservation by the end of the growing season of 2023 was 85.0%. According to the proposed technology, oak trees in biogroups grow better than acorns do when sown alone. The growth intensity of tree species mainly depends on the agro-technique of protective forest plantations, soil and climatic conditions, slope exposure, availability of water in the soil, the degree of infestation by various diseases and pests.
Socialization of rural youth issues in the development of agricultural industry and society
Authors: Gataullina Leysan N. , Tuktarova Guzel M. , Nezhmetdinova Farida T. , Fassakhova Guzel R.
Published: April 2024

Socialization of rural youth is a key factor in the development of Agricultural industry and society. In the modern world, where urbanization and technological progress are rapidly changing the shape of lives, it is necessary to pay special attention to the social processes taking place in rural areas. The presented research evaluates the role of youth in the development of rural communities and the relevant analysis allowed us to determine that young people, who are the future of the nation, have a significant in the formation and development of rural communities. With the active use of the Internet and social networks, online platforms have a significant impact on the socialization process. They facilitate overcoming geographical barriers and create conditions for the formation of communities with common interests. Within the analysis stage of the research the authors have identified the positive aspect of using social networks in the socialization of rural youth as broadening their horizons and access to new knowledge. Young people have the opportunity to learn about different development areas, professions or training programs that were previously inaccessible to them. The opportunities for rural youth to share experiences and successes contribute to the self-esteem and encourage their personal growth. The authors, on the other hand, highlight the negative aspects of using social networks in the process of socialization of rural youth: dependence on the virtual world and disconnection from real life; the presence of uncontrolled information or content that can lead to the formation of wrong value orientations of youth. The authors of the study have concluded that it is essential to create conditions for the development of critical thinking among rural youth and suggest ways to solve the problems involved in the socialization of rural youth.
Exergy analysis of the production line preparing triticale grain for grinding
Authors: Drannikov Alexey , Shevtcov Aleksander , Dombrovskaia Iana , Derkanosova Appa , Frolova Larisa , Egorova Galina
Published: April 2024

In order to determine possible directions for improving the energy efficiency of technological schemes, it is necessary to assess the level of energy resources utilisation. For this purpose, the exergetic method of thermodynamic analysis is applied to assess the thermodynamic perfection of thermotechnological systems. The paper considers the influence of internal and external exergetic losses on the technological system of grain preparation for milling.
Food enrichment with trace elements by immobilizing them on the surface of a biopolymeric carrier
Authors: Belokurova Elena , Sargsyan Martin , Alekseeva Tatyana , Malyutina Tatyana , Korystin Michael
Published: April 2024

In the modern food industry special attention is paid to improving the quality of functional products. The problem of food shortages has given way to its low nutrient composition. Regular imbalance in the intake of vitamins and trace elements can lead to the development of disorders in the body, called vitaminosis or micronutrientosis. Regional peculiarities of the food production area, the influence of anthropogenic factors on the environment, the quality of drinking water and others contribute to the emergence of an imbalance of elements. Diet correction can be used as a mechanism for regulating violations of the elemental status of the population. In this case, it is advisable to use fortified foods. One way to enrich and preserve the necessary component is to immobilize its colloidal structure on the surface of a biopolymeric carrier. Insoluble or gel-forming natural sorbents and carriers with a protein structure are most suitable for immobilization. These include: agar, pectin, chitosan, collagen, starch, cellulose, carbon, etc. An important criterion for selecting a carrier is low toxicity, solubility in the body, and the ability to provide a stable fixation of the dispersed phase. The choice of the immobilization method is important to increase the fixation of the introduced component and reduce the obstruction of its absorption in the body.
The use of probiotic cultures in the technology of protein fermented milk products
Authors: Boiarineva Irina , Zambalova Natalia
Published: April 2024

The article provides a brief justification for the need to create new fermented milk products with probiotic properties based on microbial consortia consisting of thermophilic lactic acid streptococcus, propionic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. The biochemical activity of consortia has been studied. Data on the synthesis of vitamin B12 in various microbial consortia are presented. A high level of viable cells of propionic acid microorganisms and bifidobacteria was shown when co-cultured with thermophilic streptococcus. The results of the conducted studies have shown the possibility of using microbial consortia consisting of thermophilic lactic acid streptococcus, propionic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria for the production of protein fermented dairy bioproducts.
Development of technology of thermostable fillings of functional orientation with the use of products of processing of black currants
Authors: Myasishcheva Nina , Makarkina Margarita
Published: April 2024

The development of technologies of thermostable fillings on the basis of fruit and berry raw materials is actual. The valuable chemical composition of black currant berries, which determines the functional significance of their use in the technology of thermostable fillings, has been established. Organoleptic, structural and mechanical parameters of the developed samples of fillings with the use of berry processing products have been evaluated. Their thermostable characteristics at different temperature regimes - 170°Ñ, 200°Ñ, 220°Ñ - have been investigated. The best properties were revealed in the samples of fillings with 10% and 15% replacement of the recipe amount of sugar with powder from berry pomace. With increasing temperature exposure up to 220ºC they met the quality requirements for thermostable fillings. Introduction of 15 % of powder into the recipe worsens the color and taste of stuffing, thickens its mass, gives tightness. The sample of stuffing with the introduction of powder in the amount of 10% of the recipe sugar content was characterized by the best quality. The possibility of using powder from black currant berry squeeze in the technology of thermostable fillings as an additional source of antioxidants, vitamins, dietary fiber, including pectin, fiber, to form the color, flavor, structure of the target product was established.
The study of Vermouth. Case: The relationship of taste and aroma parameters and their chemical composition
Authors: Kiselev V.M. , Kiseleva T.F. , Petropavlovskaya A.V. , Lipatova L.P. , Nikolaeva M.A.
Published: April 2024

The problem of merchandise assessment of taste food products is the most important in terms of establishing their identity with the declared quality. This uniqueness underlies their fair selling proposition and pricing. This is especially true for flavored wines, which are valued by the target audience for their uniqueness and recognition: both in terms of trade name, brand, and place of origin, the totality of their flavour and aroma parameters. When making a purchase at a retail point of sale from buyers, there is no guideline about the presence of specific flavour and aroma parameters in flavored wines, except for the indication on the label of the trademark and the place of origin of the goods. This is often used by unscrupulous producers of this group of wines, endowing their products with false labels, giving them out under world-famous trademarks produced in regions with an undeniable business reputation. In terms of deliveries in the parallel import format, when retail chains do not have the possibility of direct deliveries from legitimate commodity producers, the purchase of a “pig in a poke” is more than likely, and the disappointment of the target consumer group is predetermined. The likely consequences of such uncertaintyty are quite obvious - the loss of legitimate commodity producers of their impeccable business reputation, the replacement of their trade offer with the proposals of competitors who are able to protect the authenticity of their trade offer due to the absence of restrictions on both supply and traceability of supply chains from third parties. The solution of the indicated problem is possible if the national bodies of commodity examination have effective methodological and hardware support for identifying the trade offer of the designated product group in terms of its authenticity and originality of origin. Previously, we described a methodical approach to solving a similar problem using organoleptic evaluation methods, in this publication we will describe the results of our analytical physicochemical studies of flavored wine samples, uniquely identified for the originality of trademarks and places of origin of goods [14]. The result of these studies was the statement about the statement about the possibility of establishing the typicality of flavored wines declared on the labels of the names of trademarks and places of origin of goods. These results, of course, can become the basis of a commodity examination in the customs assessment of flavored wines of world famous trademarks.
Spatio-temporal pattern of heat island in Shenzhen and its influencing factors
Authors: Hu Zhangyan
Published: April 2024

In recent years, with the rapid expansion of global urbanization, large-scale human activities have changed the surface characteristics, which has significantly enhanced the urban heat island effect. Heat islands may lead to heatstroke, increasing health problems, deteriorative air quality, expanding energy consumption, and more water resource pressure, which reduces life quality and leaves a negative impact on the health, environment, and life of urban residents. Based on the monthly surface temperature in Shenzhen in 2022, this study judges the temporal distribution characteristics of the heat island effect and selects July as the representative month to retrieve the spatial distribution characteristics of the heat island effect. In addition, multi-scale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) is used to conduct regression modeling on various influencing factors, so as to identify the leading factors affecting urban heat island effect. The results are as follows: (1) From the temporal perspective, there are obvious seasonal differences in the heat island effect in Shenzhen with a gradual dispersion and gentle evolution pattern from summer to winter, while other seasons show uniform performance without apparent change. (2) From the spatial perspective, the heat island effect in Shenzhen presents an “N” pattern featuring “low, high, low, and high” from the center to the outside. (3) The main factor that positively affects the urban heat island effect in Shenzhen is the night light intensity as the urban development index, while the main factor with negative impacts is the vegetation index as the natural index. This study aims to reveal the main influencing factors of the heat island effect in Shenzhen by analyzing its spatio-temporal pattern, so as to foster a deeper understanding of the spatio-temporal characteristics of the heat island effect and provide useful reference for urban managers and planners. Thus, the micro-transformation of the built environment can be implemented to reshape the urban heat island pattern and reduce the losses suffered by cities during the heat wave disaster. It is hoped that the results of this study can offer theoretical insights for future urban planning and heat wave disaster prevention in Shenzhen.
Towards improvement of the 238U level scheme using γ-spectroscopy of the (n, n’γ) reaction
Authors: Chatel Carole , Wilson Jonathan , Dessagne Philippe , Henning Greg , Kerveno Maëlle
Published: April 2024

Better knowledge of the neutron population in reactors is crucial to improve the accuracy of neutronics simulations of present day or future reactor cores. This population is partially driven by (n, xn) reactions. However, the cross sections of these reactions are not precisely known. This is particularly true for the 238U(n, n’γ) cross section, which is on the High Priority Request List. One method to measure this cross section is to use the prompt γ-ray spectroscopy coupled to time-of-flight measurements. This allows the total (n, n’) cross section to be inferred from the measured (n, xnγ) cross sections and the level scheme information. However, the knowledge of the 238U level scheme is still very incomplete, so an initiative to experimentally revisit the 238U structure has been launched using γ-γ coincidences spectroscopy. The v-Ball γ-spectrometer was coupled to the LICORNE directional neutron source of the ALTO facility, allowing study of inelastic scattering on 238U via γ-γ coincidences. The analysis of data obtained during the first v-Ball campaign was performed using the Radware escl8r software. At the present time, 73 γ-transitions and 50 levels registered in ENSDF have been confirmed and 120 new γ-transitions and 50 new levels have been found.
Measurement of 242Pu(n,f) in the 1-2 MeV energy range
Authors: Mathieu Ludovic , Aïche Mourad , Marini Paola , Bouland Olivier , Chatel Carole , Czajkowski Serge , Kattikat-Melcom Deby , Kurtukian Teresa , Oberstedt Stephan , Tsekhanovich Igor
Published: April 2024

The design of new generation fast nuclear reactors requires highly accurate cross-section measurements in the MeV energy region. The 242Pu fission cross section is of particular interest for Pu incineration and nuclear waste production. There are discrepancies around 1 MeV incident neutron energy between libraries and among experimental data. Some data suggest the presence of a strong structure between 1 and 1.2 MeV whereas it is barely visible on some other data and its shape is very different among evaluations. The large majority of the 242Pu(n,f) measurements have been carried out with respect to the 235U(n,f) secondary-standard cross section. This introduces a strong correlation between measurements from different research teams. Moreover, this reference cross section exhibits structures, in particular a steep increase of +10% at 1 MeV. Therefore, we aim to re-measure the 242Pu(n,f) cross section relative to the primary-standard 1H(n,n)p cross section, by using a proton recoil detector. This standard has a very high accuracy (0.4%), is not used for other 242Pu measurements, and is structureless. An experiment has been carried out in October 2022 at the MONNET facility in JRC Geel, with incident neutron energies from 0.9 MeV to 2.0 MeV. The experimental setup will be presented, and the analysis procedure will be detailed.
Implementation of a multi-chance fission model in FIFRELIN for 235U(n,f) reaction
Authors: Sabathé Mathias , Litaize Olivier , Tamagno Pierre , Ogawa Tatsuhiko
Published: April 2024

Neutron emission is a physical process that can occur at various stages of nuclear fission. The main source of neutron emission comes from primary fission fragments after full acceleration. Another source of neutron emission comes from the de-excitation of the nucleus prior to scission (scission neutrons are neglected in this work). This type of event can occur if the energy of the incoming neutron is above a threshold energy dependent on nuclear properties (neutron binding energy Sn and fission barrier height Bf). This type of de-excitation initiates a competition between fission and neutron emission. This physical mechanism is referred to as multi-chance fission and becomes significant for incident neutron kinetic energies higher than the fission barrier height of the residual nucleus (approximately 5 MeV). Until now, this phenomenon has not been considered in the FIFRELIN code, limiting its scope of application. In this context, we propose a method to model multi-chance fission for the 235U(n,f) reaction. It is based on evaluated microscopic partial fission cross-sections used to calculate multi-chance fission probabilities.
Direct radiative capture calculations on 56Fe
Authors: Gkatis Georgios , Diakaki Maria , Mengoni Alberto , Noguere Gilles
Published: April 2024

The theoretical description of the 56Fe neutron induced reaction cross sections is the subject of many studies within the nuclear data community. Based on these studies, issues were discovered in the evaluated cross sections of the 56Fe(n,γ) reaction. Those issues were addressed by implementing changes in the ENDF/B-VIII.0 evaluation. The aim of this work is to provide a physical interpretation for these changes by exploring the direct radiative capture mechanism for 56Fe. For the calculations, a dedicated code (PDIX) was utilized. The first results of the direct capture cross section of 56Fe are presented and discussed.
Radiation Safety Information Computational Center (RSICC): An Information Analysis Center for Nuclear Science
Authors: Valentine Timothy
Published: April 2024

The Radiation Safety Information Computational Center (RSICC), founded in 1962 at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), is a specialized information analysis center under the auspices of the Office of Science and Technical Information within the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). RSICC is the sole organization responsible for the distribution of the MCNP® Monte Carlo code that is a reference tool for testing and evaluating nuclear data libraries. MCNP® is one of the primary tools utilized by the Validation of Nuclear Data Libraries (VaNDal) subgroup under the Working Party on Evaluation and Cooperation (WPEC) of the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Since 2010, RSICC has distributed over 23,000 copies of the MCNP® code to our Worldwide customer base. Over the past decade, RSICC has distributed over 1,000 copies of MCNP® annually to our customers located in the U.S. and abroad. Approximately 50% of the MNCP® software packages distributed have been provided to U.S. universities and sponsored organizations whereas over 27% of the packages have been provided to foreign organizations and over 22% to domestic organizations that are not supported by RSICC’s sponsors. While there is high demand for the code, the distribution of the code is restricted to only approved countries because the code is regulated by the U.S. DOE. This paper provides a general overview of RSICC’s activities, services, and systems; provides information regarding Federal export control regulations for codes such as MCNP®†; and provides recommendations for the control and use of RSICC.
The Association between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Venous Thromboembolism: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Huang Zhihai , Zheng Zhenzhen , Pang Lingpin , Fu Kaili , Cheng Junfen , Zhong Ming , Song Lingyue , Guo Dingyu , Chen Qiaoyun , Li Yanxi , Lv Yongting , Chen Riken , Sun Xishi
Published: April 2024

Background Despite previous observational studies linking obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) to venous thromboembolism (VTE), these findings remain controversial. This study aimed to explore the association between OSA and VTE, including pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), at a genetic level using a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Methods Utilizing summary-level data from large-scale genome-wide association studies in European individuals, we designed a bidirectional two-sample MR analysis to comprehensively assess the genetic association between OSA and VTE. The inverse variance weighted was used as the primary method for MR analysis. In addition, MR–Egger, weighted median, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) were used for complementary analyses. Furthermore, a series of sensitivity analyses were performed to ensure the validity and robustness of the results.

Results The initial and validation MR analyses indicated that genetically predicted OSA had no effects on the risk of VTE (including PE and DVT). Likewise, the reverse MR analysis did not find substantial support for a significant association between VTE (including PE and DVT) and OSA. Supplementary MR methods and sensitivity analyses provided additional confirmation of the reliability of the MR results.

Conclusion Our bidirectional two-sample MR analysis did not find genetic evidence supporting a significant association between OSA and VTE in either direction.
Versorgungsforschung im Gesundheitsamt – eine explorative
Interviewstudie zur wissenschaftlichen Methodenkompetenz im ÖGD in
Baden-Württemberg
Authors: Piontkowski Emily , Richter Hannah , Bischof Jonas , Herrmann Anja , Preiser Christine , Häske David , Joos Stefanie , Rieger Monika A
Published: April 2024

Hintergrund und Ziel der Studie Ein Ziel des Paktes für den ÖGD
(Öffentlicher Gesundheitsdienst) ist die Steigerung der wissenschaftlichen
Tätigkeit im ÖGD. Es ist aktuell jedoch unklar, welche wissenschaftlichen
Methoden bekannt sind und welche Bedarfe und Bedürfnisse hinsichtlich
wissenschaftlicher Kompetenzen bestehen. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der
Frage, welche Methoden zur Versorgungsforschung im ÖGD in Baden-Württemberg (BW)
bekannt sind, angewandt werden und bei welchen Methoden Bedarfe bestehen.

Methodik Es wurden leitfadengestützte Interviews
(Fokusgruppen-/Einzelinterviews) mit 12 Personen unterschiedlicher Ebenen
(Amtsleitungen, Abteilungsleitungen, Mitarbeitende) aus Gesundheitsämtern in BW
geführt, die inhaltsanalytisch in Anlehnung an Kuckartz ausgewertet wurden.

Ergebnisse Die Interviewten nennen heterogene Bedarfe und Kompetenzen.
Mitarbeitende äußern häufiger vorhandene Kompetenzen als Leitungspersonen.
Kompetenzen, die im Berufsalltag angewandt werden sind z. B. Literaturrecherche
oder verschiedene Datenauswertungsmethoden, die vor allem im Bereich der
routinemäßig erfassten Daten (z. B. Einschulungsuntersuchung) eingesetzt werden.
Bedarfe und Bedürfnisse bestehen vor allem im Bereich der
Datenauswertung/-erhebung, werden aber auch im Bereich der Grundlagen geäußert.
Vorgaben zur guten wissenschaftlichen Praxis (z. B. Ethikanträge) und zum
Publikationsprozess sind eher weniger bekannt. Vielfach wird ein Bedarf nach
einem Unterstützungsangebot durch Forschungseinrichtungen oder oberen Behörden
genannt. Darüber hinaus werden Aussagen zur Motivation und Hemmnisse für
Forschung im ÖGD gemacht.

Schlussfolgerung Diese Studie zeigt heterogene bestehende
Methodenkompetenzen sowie Bedarfe und Bedürfnisse auf, die auf die
unterschiedlichen Hintergründe und Tätigkeitsbereiche der Befragten
zurückzuführen sind. Kompetenzen werden angegeben z. B. im Bereich der
Literaturrecherche und der Auswertung vorhandener Daten. Bedarfe gibt es z. B.
in Methoden der Datenerhebung/-auswertung sowie in der Grundlagenvermittlung und
Vertiefung der vorhandenen Kompetenzen. Es besteht ein Bedarf an
Unterstützungsangeboten hinsichtlich wissenschaftlicher Methodenkompetenz für
Gesundheitsämter. Es fehlt zudem an Forschungsinfrastruktur (z. B. Software,
Literaturzugriff) und gesetzlicher Grundlage für die wissenschaftliche Tätigkeit
im ÖGD. Die Ergebnisse können als Grundlage für die Konzeption bedarfsgerechter
Fortbildungen für ÖGD-Beschäftigte in BW dienen.