bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BM 30617: An astronomical diary from the reign of Antiochus and his son Antiochus
Authors: Mitsuma Yasuyuki
Published: March 2020

This is the first publication of the astronomical diary BM 30617 from Babylon. This clay tablet shows an example of “preliminary diaries”, which record primary observations of the sky and, if any, the Euphrates for one month or less. The cuneiform text of BM 30617 shows the primary day-by-day observations of the sky over the first four days of the Babylonian month IX (Kislīm). The recorded phenomena are dated to an unknown year during the joint kingship of Antiochus and his son (or stepson), also named Antiochus, of the Seleucid dynasty. Some clues in the diary, however, help us to narrow down the candidates for the year to which our month IX belongs.
Dispersal patterns of large-seeded plants and the foraging behaviour of a frugivorous bat
Authors: Villalobos-Chaves David , Melo Felipe P. L. , Rodríguez-Herrera Bernal
Published: March 2020

Mutualistic interactions are biologically important, diverse and poorly understood. Comprehending these interactions and the effectiveness of the mutualistic partners has been the central focus of ecological and evolutionary studies, as this task requires disentangling the pieces of mutualism under study. Here, we tested the hypothesis that feeding activity of Artibeus phaeotis influences density, diversity and distance effects of the seed rain of large-seeded plant species in a Neotropical dry forest of Costa Rica. We predicted that bats’ activity increases density and diversity metrics on dispersing sites and that bats behave as short-distance dispersers. Our data revealed that, by dispersing hundreds of seeds within their small foraging areas and mostly close to fruiting trees, the feeding activity of A. phaeotis increases the density and richness of seeds underneath night feeding roosts. The functional role of A. phaeotis as disperser may vary among plant species, as we also detected that some seeds are more dispersed than others. Further inquiries to elucidate mutualistic interactions between frugivorous bats and large-seeded plant species should focus on understanding demographic and fitness outcomes, as strong selective pressures may be shaping morphological and behavioural traits of both plants and animals, ultimately influencing the survival of each partner.
Regulatory changes for redesigned securities markets with distributed ledger technology
Authors: Thuvarakan Muthukkumarasamy
Published: March 2020

Distributed ledger technology (DLT) is regarded as a revolutionary solution that offers immutability, transparency, trust, and efficiency while ‘transcending law and regulation’. One of the potential applications of DLT is in the securities market. Share registration, settlement, regulatory compliance, information disclosure, payment systems, and market service requirements can be redesigned with the use of DLT. This paper will examine the impact that such changes will have on legal theories and governance, while also discussing the effects on enforcement techniques. In addition, general blockchain-legal issues will be critically analyzed in the context of securities markets.
Phonesthetics and the etymologies ofbloodandbone
Authors: PENTANGELO JOSEPH
Published: March 2020

The etymologies of Englishbloodandboneare obscure. Although their cognates are well represented in the Germanic family, both lack clear cognates in other Indo-European languages. Various explanations for their origins have been proposed, including that they may be non-Indo-European (e.g. Hawkins 1987).Bloodandbone, and their cognates, share an initial /b/ with numerous body-related words (e.g.beard,breast,bosom) throughout Germanic. This initial /b/ constitutes a phonestheme. Phonesthemes – ‘recurring sound-meaning pairings that are not clearly contrastive morphemes’ (Bergen 2004: 290) – are present in many Germanic languages, but their role in lexicogenesis is little understood. I suggest thatbloodandbonewere formed by blending the initial /b/ phonestheme with two pre-existing lexemes: Proto-Germanic *flōda- ‘something that flows’ and *staina- ‘stone’. Phonesthetic blending may be a fruitful avenue for future etymological research.
Thiamine pyrophosphate diminishes nitric oxide synthesis in	endothelial cells
Authors: Alcázar-Leyva Susana , Zapata Estrella , Bernal-Alcántara Demetrio , Gorocica Patricia , Alvarado-Vásquez Noé
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Although thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) is considered a protective agent for endothelial cells, it is still unknown if this is associated with nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. Our aim was to evaluate the synthesis of NO in endothelial cells incubated with TPP and high glucose concentrations. Endothelial cells from the umbilical cord vein from newborns (n = 20), were incubated with 5, 15 or 30 mmol/L glucose, in absence or presence of 0.625 mg/ml of TPP. Our results showed a significant increase in cell proliferation (> 40%; P < 0.05), and cell viability (> 90%; P < 0.001) after 48 h in endothelial cells cultured with glucose plus TPP. Likewise, in the presence of glucose and TPP an important rise in the consumption of glucose by the endothelial cells was observed after 24 h (> 7%; P < 0.001) and 48 h (> 10%; P < 0.05). Additionally, the levels of lactate after incubation with glucose and TPP showed only slight variations after 48 h (P < 0.05). However, these changes were clearly different from those observed in the absence of TPP. Interestingly, we found that the changes mentioned were linked with reduced levels of nitrites both at 24 h (< 171 pmol/μg protein; P < 0.001), and 48 h (< 250 pmol/μg protein; P < 0.05), which was associated with a reduced expression of mRNA of eNOS in endothelial cells incubated with TPP and high glucose. In conclusion, the presence of TPP regulates the consumption of glucose and the synthesis of NO, which would explain its protective effect in the endothelium of diabetic patients.
Dealing With Artificially Dichotomized Variables in Meta-Analytic Structural Equation Modeling
Authors: de Jonge Hannelies , Jak Suzanne , Kan Kees-Jan
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Meta-analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM) is a relatively new method in which effect sizes of different independent studies between multiple variables are typically first pooled into a matrix and next analyzed using structural equation modeling. While its popularity is increasing, there are issues still to be resolved, such as how to deal with primary studies in which variables have been artificially dichotomized. To be able to advise researchers who apply MASEM and need to deal with this issue, we performed two simulation studies using random-effects two stage structural equation modeling. We simulated data according to a full and partial mediation model and systematically varied the size of one (standardized) path coefficient (βMX = .16, βMX = .23, βMX = .33), the percentage of dichotomization (25%, 75%, 100%), and the cut-off point of dichotomization (.5, .1). We analyzed the simulated datasets in two different ways, namely, by using (1) the point-biserial and (2) the biserial correlation as effect size between the artificially dichotomized predictor and continuous variables. The results of these simulation studies indicate that the biserial correlation is the most appropriate effect size to use, as it provides unbiased estimates of the path coefficients in the population.
TNF-Receptor-1 inhibition reduces liver steatosis, hepatocellular injury and fibrosis in NAFLD mice
Authors: Wandrer Franziska , Liebig Stephanie , Marhenke Silke , Vogel Arndt , John Katharina , Manns Michael P. , Teufel Andreas , Itzel Timo , Longerich Thomas , Maier Olaf , Fischer Roman , Kontermann Roland E. , Pfizenmaier Klaus , Schulze-Osthoff Klaus , Bantel Heike
Published: March 2020

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) shows an increasing prevalence and is associated with the development of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis as the major risk factors of liver-related mortality in this disease. The therapeutic possibilities are limited and restricted to life style intervention, since specific drugs for NAFLD are unavailable so far. TNFα has been implicated as a major pathogenic driver of NAFLD. TNFα-mediated liver injury occurs mainly via TNF-receptor-1 (TNFR1) signaling, whereas TNFR2 mediates protective pathways. In this study, we analyzed the therapeutic effects of a novel antibody, which selectively inhibits TNFR1 while retaining protective TNFR2 signaling in a high-fat diet (HFD) mouse model of NAFLD. Mice were fed with HFD for 32 weeks and treated with anti-TNFR1-antibody or control-antibody for the last 8 weeks. We then investigated the mechanisms of TNFR1 inhibition on liver steatosis, inflammatory liver injury, insulin resistance and fibrosis. Compared to control-antibody treatment, TNFR1 inhibition significantly reduced liver steatosis and triglyceride content, which was accompanied by reduced expression and activation of the transcription factor SREBP1 and downstream target genes of lipogenesis. Furthermore, inhibition of TNFR1 resulted in reduced activation of the MAP kinase MKK7 and its downstream target JNK, which was associated with significant improvement of insulin resistance. Apoptotic liver injury, NAFLD activity and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, as well as liver fibrosis significantly decreased by anti-TNFR1 compared to control-antibody treatment. Thus, our results suggest selective TNFR1 inhibition as a promising approach for NAFLD treatment.
Author Correction: Heritability estimates for 361 blood metabolites across 40 genome-wide association studies
Authors: Hagenbeek Fiona A. , Pool René , van Dongen Jenny , Draisma H. M. , Jan Hottenga Jouke , Willemsen Gonneke , Abdellaoui Abdel , Fedko Iryna O. , den Braber Anouk , Visser Pieter Jelle , de Geus Eco J. C. N. , Willems van Dijk Ko , Verhoeven Aswin , Suchiman H. Eka , Beekman Marian , Slagboom P. Eline , van Duijn Cornelia M. ,   BBMRI Metabolomics Consortium, Barkey Wolf J. J. H. , Cats D. , Amin N. , Beulens J. W. , van der Bom J. A. , Bomer N. , Demirkan A. , van Hilten J. A. , Meessen J. M. T. A. , Moed M. H. , Fu J. , Onderwater G. L. J. , Rutters F. , So-Osman C. , van der Flier W. M. , van der Heijden A. A. W. A. , van der Spek A. , Asselbergs F. W. , Boersma E. , Elders P. M. , Geleijnse J. M. , Ikram M. A. , Kloppenburg M. , Meulenbelt I. , Mooijaart S. P. , Nelissen R. G. H. H. , Netea M. G. , Penninx B. W. J. H. , Stehouwer C. D. A. , Teunissen C. E. , Terwindt G. M. , ‘t Hart L. M. , van den Maagdenberg A. M. J. M. , van der Harst P. , van der Horst I. C. C. , van der Kallen C. J. H. , van Greevenbroek M. M. J. , van Spil W. E. , Wijmenga C. , Zwinderman A. H. , Zhernikova A. , Jukema J. W. , Mei H. , Slofstra M. , Swertz M. , van den Akker E. B. , Deelen J. , Reinders M. J. T. , Harms Amy C. , Hankemeier Thomas , Bartels Meike , Nivard Michel G. , Boomsma Dorret I.
Published: March 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: The oomycete Lagenisma coscinodisci hijacks host alkaloid synthesis during infection of a marine diatom
Authors: Vallet Marine , Baumeister Tim U. H. , Kaftan Filip , Grabe Veit , Buaya Anthony , Thines Marco , Svatoš Aleš , Pohnert Georg
Published: March 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Genetic 3′UTR variations and clinical factors significantly contribute to survival prediction and clinical response in breast cancer patients
Authors: Pamuła-Piłat Jolanta , Tęcza Karolina , Kalinowska-Herok Magdalena , Grzybowska Ewa
Published: March 2020

The study describes a relationship between the 3′UTR variants, clinicopathological parameters and response to chemotherapy. We analyzed 33 germline polymorphisms in 3′UTRs of ADME genes in 305 breast cancer women treated with FAC regime. Clinical endpoints of this study were: overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall response defined as treatment failure-free survival (TFFS). The shortened OS was connected with the presence of NR1/2 rs3732359 AA, SLC22A16 rs7756222 CC, as well as SLC22A16 rs9487402 allele G and clinical factors belonging to TNM classification: tumor size >1 cm, nodal involvement and presence of metastases. PFS was related to two polymorphisms PGR rs1824125 GG, PGR rs12224560 CC and SLC22A16 rs7756222 CC as well as preexisting metastases. The RFS was shortened due to the DPYD rs291593 CC, AKR1C3 rs3209896 AG and negative expression of PGR. The presence of ALDH5A1 rs1054899 allele A, lack of pre-chemotherapy surgery and negative status of PGR correlated with worse treatment response. The germline variants commonly present in the population are important factors determining the response to treatment. We observed the effect of the accumulation of genetic and clinical factors on poor survival prognosis and overall treatment response.
Boosting the hole transport of conductive polymers by regulating the ion ratio in ionic liquid additives
Authors: Ding Wei-Lu , Sun Zhu-Zhu , Peng Xing-Liang , Wang Chen-Lu , Zhang Ya-Qin , He Hong-Yan , Zhang Suo-Jiang
Published: March 2020

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) has aroused great interest in organic electrics because of its high electrical conductivity and mechanical flexibility.
Lewis base-stabilized silyliumylidene ions in transition metal coordination chemistry
Authors: Frisch Philipp , Inoue Shigeyoshi
Published: March 2020

An overview of the progress made in the transition metal chemistry of isolable base-stabilized silyliumylidene ions.
Correction: Matrix-mediated distribution of 4-hydroxy-2-hexanal (nonenal) during deep-frying of chicken breast and potato sticks in vegetable oil
Authors: Ma Lukai , Liu Guoqin , Cheng Weiwei , Liu Xinqi , Liu Huifan , Wang Qin
Published: March 2020

Correction for ‘Matrix-mediated distribution of 4-hydroxy-2-hexanal (nonenal) during deep-frying of chicken breast and potato sticks in vegetable oil’ by Lukai Ma et al., Food Funct., 2019, 10, 7052–7062.
A nanoplatform with tumor-targeted aggregation and drug-specific release characteristics for photodynamic/photothermal combined antitumor therapy under near-infrared laser irradiation
Authors: Xie Mingran , Zhu Yongfu , Xu Shibin , Xu Guangwen , Xiong Ran , Sun Xiaohui , Liu Changqing
Published: March 2020

Due to their high biocompatibility, high spatial resolution and adjustable size and morphology, magnetic nanoparticles have become the most promising nanomaterials for clinical application in imaging and drug delivery for the treatment of cancers.
Construction of pH sensitive smart glutathione peroxidase (GPx) mimics based on pH responsive pseudorotaxanes
Authors: Li Jiaxi , Jia Wenlong , Ma Ganghui , Zhang Xiaoyin , An Shaojie , Wang Tao , Shi Shan
Published: March 2020

Two pH-sensitive smart glutathione peroxidase (GPx) mimics were developed by using pH-responsive pseudorotaxanes based on cucurbit[6]uril and organoselenium compounds.
Synthesis, radiolabelling and initial biological characterisation of 18F-labelled xanthine derivatives for PET imaging of Eph receptors
Authors: Pretze Marc , Neuber Christin , Kinski Elisa , Belter Birgit , Köckerling Martin , Caflisch Amedeo , Steinbach Jörg , Pietzsch Jens , Mamat Constantin
Published: March 2020

Two new fluorine-18-labelled xanthine derivatives with high binding affinity were synthesised as PET-radioligand candidates for Eph receptors.
Transition-metal-free C(sp3)–H/C(sp3)–H dehydrogenative coupling of saturated heterocycles with N-benzyl imines
Authors: Liu Zhengfen , Li Minyan , Deng Guogang , Wei Wanshi , Feng Ping , Zi Quanxing , Li Tiantian , Zhang Hongbin , Yang Xiaodong , Walsh Patrick J.
Published: March 2020

A unique transition-metal-free C(sp3)–H/C(sp3)–H dehydrocoupling of N-benzylimines with saturated heterocycles is presented using 2-azaallyl anions as super electron donors to initiate the generation of hydrogen atom abstracting aryl radicals.
Tanshinone II A enhances pyroptosis and represses cell proliferation of HeLa cells by regulating miR-145/GSDMD signaling pathway
Authors: Tong Wenjuan , Guo Jianghong , Yang Chunfen
Published: March 2020

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women globally. Lack of effective pharmacotherapies for cervical cancer mainly attributed to an elusive understanding of the mechanism underlying its pathogenesis. Pyroptosis plays a key role in inflammation and cancer. Our study identified microRNA (miR) 145 (miR-145)/gasdermin D (GSDMD) signaling pathway as critical mediators in the effect of tanshinone II A on HeLa cells. In the present study, we found that treatment of tanshinone II A led to an obvious repression of cell proliferation and an increase in apoptosis on HeLa cells, especially in high concentration. Compared with the controlled group, tanshinone II A enhanced the activity of caspase3 and caspase9. Notably, the results demonstrated that tanshinone II A regulated cell proliferation of HeLa cells by regulating miR-145/GSDMD signaling pathway. Treatment of tanshinone II A significantly up-regulated the expression of GSDMD and miR-145. After transfection of si-miR-145 plasmids, the effects of tanshinone II A on HeLa cells were converted, including cell proliferation, apoptosis and pyroptosis. In addition, the results showed that tanshinone II A treatment altered the expression level of PI3K, p-Akt, NF-kB p65 and Lc3-I. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that tanshinone II A exerts anticancer activity on HeLa cells by regulating miR-145/GSDMD signaling. The present study is the first time to identify miR-145 as a candidate target in cervical cancer and show an association between miR-145 and pyroptosis, which provides a novel therapy for the treatment of cervical cancer.
Abnormal bowel movement frequency increases the risk of rectal cancer: evidence from cohort studies with one million people
Authors: Shen Lin , Li Chao , Li Na , Shen Liangfang , Li Zhanzhan
Published: March 2020

Previous studies from case–control studies failed to draw reliable conclusions regarding the relationship between bowel movement frequency and the risk of colorectal cancer. To further examine this relationship, we collect the data from cohort studies that make a more accurate estimation. Several online data were searched from inception to February 29, 2020. Ten cohort studies involving 1,038,598 individuals were included in our study. The pooled results indicated that a bowel movement of less than once per day was not associated with the risk of colorectal cancer (relative risk (RR)= 1.00, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.87–1.16, P = 0.950) compared with that of once per day. Compared with a bowel movement frequency of once per day, a bowel movement of more than once per day was also not related to elevated risk of colorectal cancer (RR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.91–1.19, P = 0.570). The subgroup analyses indicated a low or high bowel movement frequency did not increase the risk of colon cancer (RR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.80–1.03, P = 0.130). However, an increased frequency of bowel movements increased the risk of rectal cancer (RR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.19–1.52, P < 0.001). The sensitivity analysis still supports the results. No significant publication bias existed. The data from cohort indicated that less bowel movement frequency was not associated with the risk of colorectal cancer. The frequency of bowel movement affects the risk of rectal cancer.
Study of suppression of vibration and noise of PMSM for electric vehicles
Authors: Li Xiaohua , Zhang Lifeng , Ying Hongliang , Huang Surong , Zhang Qi
Published: March 2020

Zeroth‐order spatial electromagnetic force wave has been regarded as one of the main sources for electromagnetic vibration and noise of integer slot multipole permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) used in electric vehicles. In this study, the 48‐slot‐8‐pole built‐in permanent magnet synchronous motor for a vehicle was taken as an example. The main sources and characteristic parameters (frequency and amplitude) of the zeroth‐order force wave of the integer slot multipole PMSM were presented. Based on this, a method of stator and rotor structure optimisation was proposed to effectively reduce magnitudes of vibration and noise for the machine by increasing the natural frequency and reducing the harmonic content and amplitude of electromagnetic force waves. The comparison of the noise reduced machine with the initial design was experimentally validated.
Influence of wireless communication transport latencies and dropped packages on vehicle stability with an offsite steering controller
Authors: Bennett Rory , Kapp Reyn , Botha Theunis R. , Els Schalk
Published: March 2020

In recent years, advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs) have been used to improve the safety of vehicles by either providing additional information to the driver or by taking over complete control. The majority of ADASs currently being utilised run entirely on the vehicle, only having access to information provided by the sensors that are onboard the vehicle itself. Part of the next step in the evolution of ADAS is to incorporate information from other offsite sensors or obtain control inputs from infrastructure which can coordinate multiple vehicles simultaneously via a wireless interface. Wireless communication is inherently delayed and prone to dropped packets. This study looks at the effect of transport latencies and dropped packets on an off‐site autoregressive steering controller supplying direct steering inputs to a vehicle. A fully non‐linear vehicle simulation model is used to test the effect of delaying steering inputs and dropped packets to test the stability of the controller. The study shows that at dropped packet percentages of up to 40% adequate vehicle control is maintained, while transport latencies of up to 100 ms allow for moderately accurate vehicle control.
Pose‐informed deep learning method for SAR ATR
Authors: Belloni Carole , Aouf Nabil , Balleri Alessio , Le Caillec Jean‐Marc , Merlet Thomas
Published: March 2020

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images for automatic target classification (automatic target recognition (ATR)) have attracted significant interest as they can be acquired day and night under a wide range of weather conditions. However, SAR images can be time consuming to analyse, even for experts. ATR can alleviate this burden and deep learning is an attractive solution. A new deep learning Pose‐informed architecture solution, that takes into account the impact of target orientation on the SAR image as the scatterers configuration changes, is proposed. The classification is achieved in two stages. First, the orientation of the target is determined using a Hough transform and a convolutional neural network (CNN). Then, classification is achieved with a CNN specifically trained on targets with similar orientations to the target under test. The networks are trained with translation and SAR‐specific data augmentation. The proposed Pose‐informed deep network architecture was successfully tested on the Military Ground Target Dataset (MGTD) and the Moving and Stationary Target Acquisition and Recognition (MSTAR) datasets. Results show the proposed solution outperformed standard AlexNets on the MGTD, MSTAR extended operating condition (EOC)1, EOC2 and standard operating condition (SOC)10 datasets with a score of 99.13% on the MSTAR SOC10.
Discovery of a complex spiral-shell structure around the oxygen-rich AGB star GX Monocerotis
Authors: Randall S. K. , Trejo A. , Humphreys E. M. L. , Kim H. , Wittkowski M. , Boboltz D. , Ramstedt S.
Published: March 2020

The circumstellar envelopes of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars exhibit a wide range of morphologies and chemical compositions that can be exploited to unravel their mass-loss history as well as binary status. Here, we present ALMA Band 6 observations centred upon the oxygen-rich, high mass-loss rate AGB star GX Mon. The resulting CO (2–1) map reveals an intricate, complex circumstellar spiral-arc structure consistent with hydrodynamical models for an AGB experiencing mass loss in a highly eccentric, close binary system with an orbital period of around 140 years. Several other transitions (including SiO, SiS, SO2, and CS) are detected in the data, however only the SO (5–4) map shows a similar – although much weaker – distribution as imaged for the CO.
La sclérose en plaques et les médicaments immuno-modulateurs des récepteurs de la sphingosine 1-phosphate
Authors: Talmont Franck , Hatzoglou Anastassia , Cuvillier Olivier
Published: March 2020

La sclérose en plaques (SEP) est une maladie du système nerveux central à composante inflammatoire, très invalidante qui atteint généralement de jeunes adultes (20 à 40 ans). Cette maladie se caractérise par la destruction progressive, par les cellules du système immunitaire, de la gaine de myéline des axones, ce qui aboutit à une dégénérescence neuronale. Les lymphocytes T et B sont les acteurs principaux de cette maladie qui peut être rémittente ou progressive. Parmi les médicaments utilisés dans le cadre de son traitement, le fingolimod, un immunosuppresseur dont les cibles sont les récepteurs de la sphingosine 1-phosphate, administré par voie orale, agit en empêchant les lymphocytes de quitter le thymus et les ganglions lymphatiques, et de rejoindre les foyers inflammatoires cérébraux. Une recherche intense pour développer des traitements et des médicaments curatifs est actuellement en cours et d’autres immunosuppresseurs interagissant avec les récepteurs de sphingosine 1-phosphate sont en cours de développement.
Kommunikation in der Praxis – professionell und einfühlsam
Authors: Blättner Antje
Published: March 2020

Im Kundenkontakt ist das nicht immer leicht: Sich der Sorgen und Ängste des Tierhalters annehmen, professionell behandeln, dabei Kompetenz ausstrahlen und fachliche Informationen klar vermitteln. Wir zeigen, was dabei hilft!
Morphometric and Topographic Features of Stylomastoid Foramen and its Clinical Significance in Facial Nerve Block
Authors: Kutoğlu Tunç , Çetkin Murat , Turan Ömer , Bayko Selin , Yarkan İlda Sinem
Published: March 2020

Objective This study aims to determine the topographic localization of the stylomastoid foramen (SF) and its morphometric relationship with the surrounding bony landmarks.

Design A descriptive anatomical study.

Setting Anatomy Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine.

Participants Measurements were performed on 53 dry temporal bones.

Main Outcome Measures On the inferior and lateral aspects of photographic images, lines and angles were defined. The most lateral end of the SF (SF1) and the transverse medial–lateral line that passes through the upper end of the anterior border of mastoid process (line 1) were used as reference points for topographic evaluation. The upper end of the anterior border of mastoid process (A) and the tip of mastoid process (B) were considered in defining angles. The dates about SF were evaluated using the ImageJ 1.46r software and digital caliper.

Results SF1 was classified into three different types based on its topographical localization, stated as Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3. In Type 1, SF1 was located anterior to line 1 (54.7%). SF1 was located posterior to line 1 in Type 2 (34.0%). SF1 was located just over line 1 in Type 3 (11.3%). We also detected angular variations between these types in the inferior and lateral aspects.

Conclusion The recommended angles of application are 30 degrees on the horizontal plane and 55 degrees on the sagittal plane for Type 1 when point B is considered. A needle length below 10 mm is more suitable to minimize the potential complications of the nerve block.
Neurophysiological Characteristics of Cranial Nerves V- and VII-Triggered EMG in Endoscopic Endonasal Approach Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Ferreira Carla J.A. , Sherer Marcus , Anetakis Katherine , Crammond Donald J. , Balzer Jeffrey R. , Thirumala Parthasarathy D.
Published: March 2020

Objective This study proposes to present reference parameters for trigeminal (V) and facial (VII) cranial nerves (CNs)-triggered electromyography (tEMG) during endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) skull base surgeries to allow more precise and accurate mapping of these CNs.

Study Design We retrospectively reviewed EEA procedures performed at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center between 2009 and 2015. tEMG recorded in response to stimulation of CN V and VII was analyzed. Analysis of tEMG waveforms included latencies and amplitudes. Medical records were reviewed to determine the presence of perioperative neurologic deficits.

Results A total of 28 patients were included. tEMG from 34 CNs (22 V and 12 VII) were analyzed. For CN V, the average onset latency was 2.9 ± 1.1 ms and peak-to-peak amplitude was 525 ± 436.94 μV (n = 22). For CN VII, the average onset latency and peak-to-peak amplitude were 5.1 ± 1.43 ms and 315 ± 352.58 μV for the orbicularis oculi distribution (n = 09), 5.9 ± 0.67 ms and 517 ± 489.07 μV on orbicularis oris (n = 08), and 5.3 ± 0.98 ms 303.1 ± 215.3 μV on mentalis (n = 07), respectively.

Conclusion Our data support the notion that onset latency may be a feasible parameter in the differentiation between the CN V and VII during the crosstalk phenomenon in EEA surgeries but the particularities of this type of procedure should be taken into consideration. A prospective analysis with a larger data set is necessary.
Tumor-to-Tumor Metastasis of Multiple Meningiomas and Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Metastasis as First Clinical Appearance of Kidney Cancer: A Case Report and Analysis
Authors: Dietterle Johannes , Frydrychowicz Clara , Müller Wolf , Hoffmann Karl-Titus , Jähne Katja , Meixensberger Jürgen
Published: March 2020

Background Meningioma accounts for more than 35% of all diagnosed brain tumors of the central nervous system and, moreover, it is the most common benign recipient of tumor-to-tumor metastasis. Several cases with tumor-to-meningioma metastasis by breast, lung, and intestinal cancer have been described before.

Case description The case of a patient with a longstanding history of multiple meningiomas (n = 4) that suddenly became symptomatic and progressive in size is presented. Following extirpation of the two largest meningiomas, a histological examination revealed two separate tumor-to-meningioma metastases of clear cell renal cell carcinoma that was undiagnosed before. Post-surgical computed tomography scan then confirmed tumor-suspect lesions in both kidneys. After recovery and rehabilitation, adjuvant radio-chemo-therapy was applied according to protocols for kidney cancer. No other tumor-to-tumor-suspect event occurred since then for the remaining two meningiomas.

Conclusion Review of literature and our case strengthens the idea of meningioma as a favorable premetastatic niche. Considering that the patient lived with a stable disease for many years, a sudden progress of tumor size in association with neurological deterioration was highly suspected for malign involvement, including the possibility of tumor-to-tumor metastasis. Physicians should be aware about this phenomenon and treat patients accordingly to the underlying disease.
Outcomes of Transzygomatic Middle Cranial Fossa Approach for Skull Base Tumors—A Single Institutional Experience
Authors: Manzoor Nauman F. , Morone Peter , Kelly Patrick D. , Chotai Silky , Yawn Robert J. , Chambless Lola B. , Thompson Reid C. , Rivas Alejandro
Published: March 2020

Objective This study aimed to evaluate surgical outcomes after transzygomatic middle cranial fossa (MCF) (TZ-MCF) approach for tumor control in patients with large skull base lesions involving the MCF and adjacent sites.

Setting This study was done at the tertiary skull base center.

Design This is a retrospective case series.

Main Outcome Measures The main outcome measures were tumor control (recurrence), new-onset cranial neuropathies, facial nerve and audiometric outcomes, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, and wound complications.

Results Sixteen patients were identified with a median age of 45 years (range: 20–72). The mean maximum tumor dimension was 5.49 cm (standard deviation [SD]: 1.2, range: 3.1–7.3) and the mean tumor volume was 28.5 cm3 (SD: 18.8, range: 2.9–63.8). Ten (62.5%) tumors were left sided. The most common pathology encountered was meningioma (n = 7) followed by chondrosarcoma (n = 4). Mean follow-up was 36.3 (SD: 26.9) months. Gross total resection or near total resection was achieved in nine (56.2%) and planned subtotal resection was used in seven (43.7%). Postoperative additional new cranial nerve (CN) deficits included CN V (n = 1), CN III (n = 2), CN VI (n = 1), and CN X (n = 1). Major neurological morbidity (hemiplegia) was encountered in two patients with resolution. There were no cases of CSF leak, meningitis, hemorrhage, seizures, aphasia, or death. There was no recurrence or regrowth of residual tumor. Facial nerve function was preserved in all but one patient (House–Brackmann grade 2).

Conclusion Various skull base tumors involving MCF with extension to adjacent sites can be successfully resected using the TZ-MCF approach in a multidisciplinary fashion. This approach yields optimal exposure and permits excellent tumor control with acceptable CN and neurological morbidity.
Performance comparisons of piezoelectric energy harvesters under different stochastic noises
Authors: Zhou Sha , Yu Tianjun
Published: March 2020

Harvesting energy utilizing the electromechanical coupling mechanism of piezoelectric materials in a noise environment has become important for developing applicable micropower generators. Although a variety of configurations have been proposed to harvest ambient vibration energy driven by deterministic excitations and the energy conversion efficiency of classical one degree of freedom piezoelectric energy harvesters with a purely resistive circuit has been analyzed systematically, crucial questions still remain on how to design system parameters to maximize the performance under different ambient noises. Here, combining the moment method of random processes theory and the energy balance equation, we explore the performance of piezoelectric energy harvesters with and without an inductor excited by Gaussian white noise, exponential correlation noise, and bounded noise, respectively. The exact closed-form expressions of the mean square voltage, averaged output power, and efficiency are presented, and the effects of dimensionless system parameters and noise parameters on the performance metrics are illustrated in detail. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to validate the analytical predictions. The expressions given in this paper are useful in comparing the two types of piezoelectric energy harvesters under different ambient excitations and provide a key to design optimized harvesters operating in a more suitable environment.
Development of an open hardware bioreactor for optimized cardiac cell culture integrating programmable mechanical and electrical stimulations
Authors: Béland Jonathan , Duverger James Elber , Petitjean Estelle , Maguy Ange , Ledoux Jonathan , Comtois Philippe
Published: March 2020

A new open-hardware bioreactor capable of applying electrical field stimulation in conjunction with static or cyclic stretch is presented. Stretch is applied to cells by a specially designed elastomeric membrane with a central seeding region. The main interest of our approach is the fine control of the characteristics of stimulations in regard to timing and amplitude in a simple design based on affordable, easy to find components and 3D printable parts. Our approach opens the way to more complex protocols for electrical and/or mechanical stimulations, which are known important regulators of cardiac phenotypes.
Modified nucleotides may have enhanced early RNA catalysis
Authors: Wolk Steven K. , Mayfield Wesley S. , Gelinas Amy D. , Astling David , Guillot Jessica , Brody Edward N. , Janjic Nebojsa , Gold Larry
Published: March 2020

The modern version of the RNA World Hypothesis begins with activated ribonucleotides condensing (nonenzymatically) to make RNA molecules, some of which possess (perhaps slight) catalytic activity. We propose that noncanonical ribonucleotides, which would have been inevitable under prebiotic conditions, might decrease the RNA length required to have useful catalytic function by allowing short RNAs to possess a more versatile collection of folded motifs. We argue that modified versions of the standard bases, some with features that resemble cofactors, could have facilitated that first moment in which early RNA molecules with catalytic capability began their evolutionary path toward self-replication.
Control of food approach and eating by a GABAergic projection from lateral hypothalamus to dorsal pons
Authors: Marino Rosa Anna M. , McDevitt Ross A. , Gantz Stephanie C. , Shen Hui , Pignatelli Marco , Xin Wendy , Wise Roy A. , Bonci Antonello
Published: March 2020

Electrical or optogenetic stimulation of lateral hypothalamic (LH) GABA neurons induces rapid vigorous eating in sated animals. The dopamine system has been implicated in the regulation of feeding. Previous work has suggested that a subset of LH GABA neurons projects to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and targets GABA neurons, inhibiting them and thereby disinhibiting dopaminergic activity and release. Furthermore, stimulation-induced eating is attenuated by dopamine lesions or receptor antagonists. Here we explored the involvement of dopamine in LH stimulation-induced eating. LH stimulation caused sated mice to pick up pellets of standard chow with latencies that varied based on stimulation intensity; once food was picked up, animals ate for the remainder of the 60-s stimulation period. However, lesion of VTA GABA neurons failed to disrupt this effect. Moreover, direct stimulation of VTA or substantia nigra dopamine cell bodies failed to induce food approach or eating. Looking further, we found that some LH GABA fibers pass through the VTA to more caudal sites, where they synapse onto neurons near the locus coeruleus (LC). Similar eating was induced by stimulation of LH GABA terminals or GABA cell bodies in this peri-LC region. Lesion of peri-LC GABA neurons blocked LH stimulation-induced eating, establishing them as a critical downstream circuit element for LH neurons. Surprisingly, lesions did not alter body weight, suggesting that this system is not involved in the hunger or satiety mechanisms that govern normal feeding. Thus, we present a characterization of brain circuitry that may promote overeating and contribute to obesity.
An Oasis of Radicalism: The Labor Movement in Abadan in the 1940s
Authors: Zagagi Nimrod
Published: March 2020

The history of the oil industry’s labor movement during the 1940s has often focused on theTudeh’s ability to act overtly and rally the masses of workers. Thus, more often than not, the importance of union underground activity and the role played by the masses of ordinary oil workers during times of political and military repression, is overlooked. This article examines how the particular setting of the oil town of Abadan influenced motivations of oil workers and the dynamics between them and theTudeh. As the article aims to show, these elements were an essential part in the ability of the labor movement in Abadan to remain viable and reemerge in force in the early 1950s as part of the oil nationalization movement.
Value chain analysis of batik wood craft in Bobung tourism village
Authors: Widiyastuti D , Mukhlison  , Kamulyan B , Ermawati H
Published: March 2020

Bobung Tourism Village is one of the tourism villages in Gunung Kidul Regency which has batik wood craft as its unique products. Batik wood craft originated from the existence of innovation in wood masks which were used as one of the properties of mask dance as a local culture of Bobung. Batik wood craft is growing and need to improve the competitiveness to keep the existance in the market. The aim of this research is to find out the actors involved from the beginning of the process to the marketing activities presented through the value chain. This study used primary data obtained through structured interviews with 18 studio owners in Bobung which analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results showed that the actors involved in the wooden batik craft of Bobung Tourism Village were suppliers of raw materials, distributors of raw materials, wood batik industry players, product collectors and retail traders. The existence of differences in the value chains in some wooden batik studios has an impact on differences in the way of marketing products which also affect the pattern of distribution of batik wood commodities and turnover obtained by craftsmen.
Controllable synthesis of Graphene Quantum Dots with Tunable-Photoluminescence
Authors: Lu Yao , Hao Huilian , Liu Pengcheng , Feng Yibo , Wang Jianjun
Published: March 2020

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have been synthesized via one-pot hydrothermal approach using glucose as precursors. The obtained products have a size around 3.5 nm, which can be controlled by changing the reaction temperature. With the increase of preparation temperatures, the glucose molecules are dehydrated under hydrothermal conditions and then converted to GQDs. The high temperature helps to increase the graphitization degree of GQDs. The GQDs show the blue color emission under excitation of 300-450 nm, which can be used in electrochemical luminescence devices.
A New Method for Detecting Initial Position of IPMSM Rotor
Authors: Zhang Qingquan , Zheng Yunhong , Huang Xumin , Gao Haiyan , Yang Guizhi
Published: March 2020

Aiming at the speed sensorless control system of permanent magnet synchronous motor which embedded in rotor magnet steel, a new method for detecting the initial position of the rotor is proposed in this paper. This method is injecting a high-frequency rotating voltage to generate a high-frequency current in the stator windings that contains the spatial position information of the rotor. Compared with the traditional high-frequency injection method, this paper uses Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) to demodulate high-frequency current. It avoids the signal phase delay caused by the use of a large number of filters when demodulating the traditional heterodyne method. At the same time, this method has nothing to do with the initial phase of the injected signal. Compared with the heterodyne method, the extracted rotor position angle is more accurate, and the structure is simple Number system. The validity and feasibility of the method are verified by simulation and experimental platform based on dSPACE.
Adaptive Immune Multiobjective Algorithm for LSSVM-based NARMAX model
Authors: Zhou Xia , Liu Sha
Published: March 2020

The LSSVM-based NARMAX model and the identification of the model are studied in the paper. By extending the immune cell subset theory and clone selection principle, a novel adaptive immune multiobjective algorithm (AIMA) is proposed. It is shown that, according to the variation of subsets in the memory set, the AIMA can produce different cell subsets adaptively, and thus regulate the related model parameters adaptively to realize the optimization. The simulation result demonstrates that with the parameters identified by the AIMA, the LSSVM-based NARMAX model has a satisfactory accuracy and it can be used to solve dynamic modeling problems.
The Knowledge Spillover Risks Management Framework for Collaborative Innovation
Authors: Xi Xun , Hu Tianyu , Zhang Yueyue , Wang Xiaoping , Huang Dengfeng , Hu Feng , Zhou Haiyan
Published: March 2020

Knowledge spillover is a manifestation of knowledge externality, its negative impact on collaborative innovation can not be ignored. Designing independent variables based on defining the key impact factors of knowledge spillover risks, propose hypothesis of the relationship between independent variables and dependent variables, and then verify hypothesis, analysis the minimum value and stability of knowledge spillover risks. Finally, based on the analysis results, constructing management framework of knowledge spillover risks for collaborative innovation.
Research on cost control of real estate project based on contract planning and information system
Authors: Zhang Yaqi
Published: March 2020

China’s real estate project cost control has entered the stage of refinement and modernization. Under the environment of promoting information construction industry in the whole country, it is urgent to build a real estate enterprise information system through effective combination of Internet + project cost control. This paper studies the project cost control system based on contract planning and information system, through the construction of the system and analysis of its application to further study the mechanism of contract planning and information system.
The Application of Value Chain Cost Management in M Company
Authors: Wu Ning , Yuan Qing , Xiao Mengjing , Zhao Yeling , Chen Xiaoyan
Published: March 2020

From the perspective of competition, the competition of value chain has gradually become the main form of competition among enterprises, and is no longer merely the internal competition between enterprises. At the same time, the upstream and downstream related industries as well as the competition between peer enterprises also came. As one of the important ways to create enterprise value, cost management should adapt to the changes in the market environment. If enterprises want to reduce enterprise costs on the premise of ensuring product market demand, they can apply value chain cost management to achieve cost minimization and value maximization through strengthening and improving each link.
Research on supervision demand of general contracting project based on grounded theory
Authors: Li Jiatian , Yin Yilin
Published: March 2020

Urban rail transit projects have large investment, long construction period, large scale, and complex professional technology, which leads to problems such as cumbersome construction management and unclear regulatory content. Based on grounded theory, this study uses semi-structured interviews to determine the core content of project supervision: market supervision, contract supervision, and administrative supervision. This paper constructs the supervision content demand model of the urban rail transit project general contracting project, and analyzes the three types of supervision content from the perspective of the government to enhance the government’s supervision awareness and optimize the supervision content.
Research on the MEG of depression patients based on multivariate TE partial information decomposition
Authors: Chen Zihan , Fang Yunjie , Yan Wei , Wang Jun , Li Jin , Hou Fengzhen
Published: March 2020

Transfer entropy (TE) has been broadly used in the field of neurosciences. In this paper, the partial information decomposition algorithm is employed to decompose multivariate TE into synergistic, redundant and unique parts. In this work, the synergistic part is believed as more suitable as the computation method. We recorded the magnetoencephalogram (MEG) data of 6 subjects with depression and 13 normal subjects under different emotional stimulations, and studied the coupling between multiple symmetric channels in the frontal area in the brain of subject. The experimental results show that under different emotional stimulations, normal people present significant difference from the depression patients, especially in the right frontal area. Furthermore, under negative emotional stimulation, the difference in synergistic value between normal people and depression patients is smaller. The synergistic value of depression patients has become bigger, which indicates that the brain complexity of depression patients has grown, and their brain activities have increased.