bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meta‐Analysis of ERCC1 Protein Expression and Platinum Chemosensitivity in Non‐Small‐Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Li Guoping , Cheng Dan
Published: April 2020

Objective. To carry out the meta‐analysis on the relationship between the expression of nucleotide excision repair cross‐complementary enzyme 1 (ERCC1) protein and platinum chemosensitivity in patients with advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods. The literature on the expression of ERCC1 and platinum chemosensitivity in patients with advanced NSCLC was searched in computer, which was published from January 2009 to August 2019 on the databases such as China Journal Full‐text Database (CJFD), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, VIP, PubMed, EMBASE, and others. Stata 15.0 was used for statistical analysis, and ethnicity subgroup analysis was taken. Results. Finally, 14 studies were included and 1337 patients were involved, of which 697 were ERCC1 positive, with a positive rate of 53.5%. The combined OR was 0.53 (95% CI: 0.30∼0.79; P < 0.01). The results of ethnicity subgroup analysis showed that there was no significant difference, with OR of 0.50 (95% CI: 0.31∼0.82; P = 0.001) in Asian population and OR of 0.56 (95% CI: 0.30∼1.07) in Caucasian population. Conclusion. The sensitivity to platinum chemotherapy in patients with ERCC1 protein negative expression in the middle and late stages of NSCLC is better than that in patients with positive expression, especially in Asian population. There is no correlation in Caucasian population.
A Scientometric Review on Rockburst in Hard Rock: Two Decades of Review from 2000 to 2019
Authors: Liang Weizhang , Dai Bing , Zhao Guoyan , Wu Hao
Published: April 2020

Considerable advances have been made from diverse perspectives in rockburst research to guarantee the safety of deep underground activities. However, to date, few reviews have been made to systematically analyze the overall research status of rockburst. This study is aimed at providing a scientometric review on rockburst research in hard rock from 2000 to 2019. First, a total of 430 papers were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Then, the CiteSpace software was adopted to conduct a scientometric analysis from five main aspects. Finally, the existing knowledge domains and future directions were discussed. Based on the results of this study, main countries, institutions, authors, and journals of rockburst research were revealed, and some important papers, hot topics, and evolutionary trends were found out. This review contributes to the integrated knowledge map of rockburst research in hard rock and provides researchers a valuable and in-depth understanding in this domain.
Investigation on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of the Hypoeutectic Al-10Si-0.8Fe-XEr Alloy
Authors: Tang Peng , Liu Yiyuan , Zhao Yanjun , Hu Zhiliu , Wang Huachun , Peng Linxin , Deng Songyun , Huang Kui
Published: April 2020

In this paper, the effect of Er addition (0.2, 0.5, 0.65, 0.8, 1.0, and 1.5 wt. %) on the microstructure evolution and tensile properties of as-cast hypereutectic Al-10Si-0.8Fe alloy was investigated. The phases and their morphologies in these alloys were identified by XRD and SEM equipped with EDX with the help of metallographic analysis techniques; the length of the secondary phase (LSP) and secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) of α-Al grain were quantified. The results indicated that the second phases (primary Si, eutectic Si, and iron-rich phases) and α-Al grain were significantly refined when the addition of Er increased from 0 to 0.8 wt. %. The mean LSP and SADS values were decreased to a minimum value when the Er addition reached 0.8 wt. %. However, the second phases and α-Al grain became coarser when the level of Er increased more than 0.8 wt. %. The analysis of XRD shows that Er mainly exists in the form of Er2Si compound. The microstructure modification also has a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the alloy. The yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and elongation (EL) increase from 52.86 MPa, 163.84 MPa, and 3.45% to 71.01 MPa, 163.84 MPa, and 5.65%, respectively. From the fracture surface, the promotions of mechanical properties are due to the dispersion and pinning reinforcement caused by the Er2Si phase.
Evaluation of the Bond Strengths between Dental Porcelain and Cobalt-Chromium Metal Frameworks Manufactured with Different Techniques after the Thermal Aging Process
Authors: Yoldan Elif Ece , Türker Nurullah , Büyükkaplan Ulviye Ş. , Özarslan Mehmet M. , Karalı Recep , Deniz Ahmet T.
Published: April 2020

Purpose. The present study is aimed at examining the bond strength of cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) metal frameworks, prepared through different techniques, to a single type of low-temperature porcelain system after the thermal aging process. Methods. A hundred and twenty Co-Cr alloy framework specimens were prepared using conventional casting, CAD/CAM, and two commercially different laser sintering devices, and dental porcelain was applied to the specimens. A single type of dental porcelain (Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc., Tokyo, Japan) was applied to the specimens. After the subgroups were determined, half of the specimens were subjected to a thermal aging process. Bond strength of specimens was evaluated using a 3-point bending test. The surfaces of the fractured specimens were evaluated using a stereomicroscope. The metal-porcelain bonding area of samples randomly selected from 8 groups has been examined with SEM under ×1000 magnifications. Normality distribution of obtained data was examined using by a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The obtained data of the present study was statistically analyzed with a statistical package program (SPSS for Windows 22.0, Chicago, IL, USA). Results. There was a statistically significant difference between CAD/CAM and the other three methods, and the bonding value of the CAD/CAM group was the highest among the groups. Besides, the bond strength between dental porcelain and 4 differently produced metal frameworks was high enough to surpass the acceptable threshold (>25 MPa) according to the ISO 9693. There was no statistically significant difference between thermal aging applied and nonapplied groups. Conclusions. Based on this study, it could be shown that the metal-ceramic bond strength is dependent on the manufacturing method used, but it is independent of the thermal aging application. It was found that the bond strength values of all samples with and without thermal aging application exceeded the minimum acceptable value of 25 MPa recommended by the ISO 9693.
Maternal Serum Concentrations of Selenium, Copper, and Zinc during Pregnancy Are Associated with Risk of Spontaneous Preterm Birth: A Case-Control Study from Malawi
Authors: Chiudzu Grace , Choko Augustine T. , Maluwa Alfred , Huber Sandra , Odland Jon
Published: April 2020

Preterm birth is delivery before 37 completed weeks. A study was conducted to evaluate the association of maternal serum concentrations of selenium, copper, and zinc and preterm birth. There were 181 women in this nested case-control study, 90/181 (49.7%) term and 91/181 (50.3%) preterm pregnant women. The overall mean serum concentration of selenium was 77.0, SD 19.4 μg/L; of copper was 2.50, SD 0.52 mg/L; and of zinc was 0.77, SD 0.20 mg/L with reference values of 47-142 μg/L, 0.76-1.59 mg/L, and 0.59-1.11 mg/L, respectively. For preterm birth, mean serum concentration for selenium was 79.7, SD 21.6 μg/L; for copper was 2.61, SD 0.57 mg/L; and for zinc was 0.81, SD 0.20 mg/L compared to that for term births: selenium (74.2; SD 16.5 μg/L; p=0.058), copper (2.39; SD 0.43 mg/L; p=0.004), and zinc (0.73; SD 0.19 mg/L; p=0.006), respectively. In an adjusted analysis, every unit increase in maternal selenium concentrations gave increased odds of being a case OR 1.01 (95% CI: 0.99; 1.03), p=0.234; copper OR 1.62 (95% CI: 0.80; 3.32), p=0.184; zinc OR 6.88 (95% CI: 1.25; 43.67), p=0.032. Results show that there was no deficiency of selenium and zinc and there were high serum concentrations of copper in pregnancy. Preterm birth was associated with higher maternal serum concentrations of copper and zinc.
Utilization of Mn‐Doped ZnSe/ZnS Core/Shell Quantum Dots for Rapid Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Bui Thi-Diem , Nguyen Quang-Liem , Luong Thi-Bich , Le Van Thuan , Doan Van-Dat
Published: April 2020

In this study, Mn‐doped ZnSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots (CSQDs) were synthesized in aqueous solution using polyethylene glycol as a surface stabilizer and successfully applied in the detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) for the first time. The CSQDs were conjugated with anti‐E. coli antibody and anti‐MRSA antibody via protein A supported by 1‐ethyl‐3‐(‐3‐dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride for fluorescent labeling of the intact bacterial cells. The detection was performed for the bacterial strains cultivated in Luria‐Bertani liquid medium. The obtained results indicate that E. coli O157:H7 and MRSA can be detected within 30 min at a high sensitivity of 101 CFU/mL. This labeling method based on the highly fluorescent CSQDs may have great potential for use in the food industry to check and prevent outbreaks of foodborne illness.
Targeting Hippo-Dependent and Hippo-Independent YAP1 Signaling for the Treatment of Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Slemmons Katherine K. , Yeung Choh , Baumgart Joshua T. , Juarez Jhazeel O. Martinez , McCalla Amy , Helman Lee J.
Published: April 2020

Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common childhood soft-tissue sarcoma, yet patients with metastatic or recurrent disease continue to do poorly, indicating a need for new treatments. The SRC family tyrosine kinase YES1 is upregulated in rhabdomyosarcoma and is necessary for growth, but clinical trials using single agent dasatinib, a SRC family kinase inhibitor, have failed in sarcomas. YAP1 (YES-associated protein) is highly expressed in rhabdomyosarcoma, driving growth and survival when the upstream Hippo tumor suppressor pathway is silenced, but efforts to pharmacologically inhibit YAP1 have been unsuccessful. Here we demonstrate that treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma with DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (DNMTi) upregulates Hippo activators RASSF1 and RASSF5 by promoter demethylation, activating canonical Hippo signaling and increasing inactivation of YAP1 by phosphorylation. Treatment with DNMTi decreased rhabdomyosarcoma cell growth and increased apoptosis and differentiation, an effect partially rescued by expression of constitutively active YAP (S127A), suggesting the effects of DNMTi treatment are, in part, due to Hippo-dependent inhibition of YAP1. In addition, YES1 and YAP1 interacted in the nucleus of rhabdomyosarcoma cells, and genetic or pharmacologic suppression of YES1 resulted in cytoplasmic retention of YAP1 and decreased YAP1 target gene expression, suggesting YES1 regulates YAP1 in a Hippo-independent manner. Combined treatment with DNMTi and dasatinib targeted both Hippo-dependent and Hippo-independent regulation of YAP1, ablating rhabdomyosarcoma cell growth in vitro and trending toward decreased tumor growth in vivo. These results show that the mechanisms regulating YAP1 in rhabdomyosarcoma can be inhibited by combinatorial therapy of DNMTi and dasatinib, laying the groundwork for future clinical investigations.

Significance:

This study elucidates the signaling pathways that regulate the oncogenic protein YAP1 and identifies a combination therapy to target these pathways in the childhood tumor rhabdomyosarcoma.
PD-1/PD-L1 Blockers in NSCLC Brain Metastases: Challenging Paradigms and Clinical Practice
Authors: Eguren-Santamaria Iñaki , Sanmamed Miguel F. , Goldberg Sarah B. , Kluger Harriet M. , Idoate Miguel A. , Lu Benjamin Y. , Corral Jesús , Schalper Kurt A. , Herbst Roy S. , Gil-Bazo Ignacio
Published: April 2020

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized the management of advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, most pivotal phase III trials systematically excluded patients with active brain metastases, precluding the generalization of the results. Although theoretically restricted from crossing the blood–brain barrier, the novel pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profiles of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 drugs have prompted studies to evaluate their activity in patients with NSCLC with active central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Encouraging results have suggested that ICI could be active in the CNS in selected patients with driver-negative advanced NSCLC with high PD-L1 expression and low CNS disease burden. Single-agent CNS response rates around 30% have been reported. Beyond this particular setting, anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies have been evaluated in patients receiving local therapy for brain metastases (BM), addressing concerns about potential neurologic toxicity risks associated with radiotherapy, more specifically, radionecrosis (RN). Accordingly, a variety of clinical and imaging strategies are being appropriately developed to evaluate tumor response and to rule out pseudoprogression or radionecrosis. Our purpose is to critically summarize the advances regarding the role of systemic anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies for the treatment of NSCLC BM. Data were collected from the PubMed database, reference lists, and abstracts from the latest scientific meetings. Recent reports suggest anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents are active in a subset of patients with NSCLC with BM showing acceptable toxicity. These advances are expected to change soon the management of these patients but additional research is required to address concerns regarding radionecrosis and the appropriate sequencing of local and systemic therapy combinations.
IL-23 Expression in Stewart-Treves Syndrome: Two Case Reports and Immunohistochemical Investigation
Authors: Yoshida Saaya , Fujimura Taku , Ohuchi Kentaro , Kambayashi Yumi , Segawa Yuichiro , Yamazaki Emi , Tono Hisayuki , Takahashi Toshiya , Tsuchiyama Kenichiro , Aiba Setsuya
Published: April 2020

Stewart-Treves syndrome (STS) is a rare cutaneous lymphangiosarcoma developing from chronic lymph edema as a consequence of radical mastectomy or surgical invasion of the groin for the treatment of cervical or penile cancer. Previous reports suggested possible mechanisms in the development of lymphangiosarcoma that correlate with the immunological background of STS patients. In this report, we described two cases of STS developing in patients who underwent radical dissection for cervical cancer, we employed immunohistochemical staining of IL-23 and IL-17.
Different Imaging Features of Retroperitoneal Unicentric Castleman’s Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Cao Yonghong , Shi Erlan , Ye Jun , Zhang Rong , Wang Yunsheng , Sheng Mao , Su Zhuping , Dai Wu
Published: April 2020

Castleman’s disease is a rare disease which is difficult to diagnose early due to its lack of specific manifestations, and also is easily confused with lymphoma or other solid tumors. Castleman’s disease can occur in any part of the body containing lymph nodes and is most common in the chest, followed by the neck, abdomen, and axillae. A 37-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of a tumor near the adrenal gland found by computed tomography. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography revealed that the retroperitoneal tumor may be a malignant disease. However, the pathological diagnosis after laparoscopic resection was retroperitoneal Castleman’s disease, hyaline vascular type.
Factors Affecting Surgical Margin Positivity after Radical Prostatectomy in the Turkish Population: A Multicenter Study of the Urooncology Association
Authors: Çelik Serdar , Aslan Güven , Sözen Sinan , Özen Haluk , Akdoğan Bülent , Baltaci Sümer , İzol Volkan , Tansuğ Zühtü , Türkeri Levent ,   Members of Urooncology Association
Published: April 2020

Background: The prediction of positive surgical margins (SM) after radical prostatectomy (RP) is important for planning the surgical modality and adjuvant therapy in patients with prostate cancer (PCa). Objectives: To investigate factors affecting SM positivity in patients diagnosed with PCa who underwent RP using the PCa database of the Urooncology Association (Turkey). Methods: Patients who underwent RP due to clinically T1c–T3 PCa and who had detailed SM data for the RP specimen were included in the study. Pathological data of 12 core transrectal ultrasound prostate biopsies and RP were evaluated. Patients were divided into 2 groups (SM positive and SM negative) according to SM status after RP. Data were compared between the groups. Factors affecting SM positivity, the number of positive SM sites, and the location of positive SM were separately evaluated with regression models. Results: A total of 2,643 patients from 6 different centers (median age: 63 years) with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of 7.3 ng/mL were investigated in the study. BMI, PSA, biopsy Gleason score (GS), and perineural invasion (PNI) were found to be independent predictive factors for SM positivity and the number of positive SM locations, respectively (p < 0.05). According to the positive SM location, PSA was found to be associated with positive SM in apex, anterior prostate, and bladder neck locations. Also, according to posterolateral SM status, PNI and nerve-sparing RP (nsRP) rates were 21.3 and 44% for patients with negative posterolateral SM, and rates were 35.4 and 50.6% for patients with positive posterolateral SM, respectively (p < 0.05). In patients who underwent nsRP, positive SM was present in 22.2% of patients who did not have PNI on prostate biopsy, whereas positive SM was present in 40.6% of patients with PNI (p < 0.001). Similarly, 10.9% of patients without PNI had positive posterolateral SM, whereas 17.3% of patients with PNI had positive posterolateral SM (p = 0.031). Conclusions: BMI, PSA, biopsy GS, and biopsy PNI positivity were found to be predictive factors affecting SM positivity. The most important factors affecting posterolateral positive SM were biopsy PNI and nsRP, indicating that the nsRP approach may cause positive SM in the posterolateral margin of the prostate (neurovascular bundle location) in patients with positive PNI on biopsy.
Hepatite aguda secundária ao abuso de cocaína, associada a severa rabdomiólise
Authors: Paiva José Hicaro Hellano Goncalves Lima , Medeiros Vitória Nunes , Brasil Ivelise Regina Canito
Published: April 2020

A cocaína é uma droga com notória capacidade de afetar adversamente quase todos os órgãos do corpo e pode causar uma infinidade de anormalidades multisistêmicas secundárias. No presente estudo, relatamos três casos de insuficiência hepática aguda complicada por rabdomiólise e lesão renal aguda após consumo de cocaína e álcool. O início da doença, as manifestações clínicas, os dados laboratoriais, o diagnóstico e a terapêutica de cada paciente foram registrados. Nota-se a presença de causas multifatoriais para a ocorrência de Insuficiência Hepática e Rabdomiólise nos três casos relatados. Os testes laboratoriais revelaram que a concentração sérica de transaminases, bem como os de creatinafosfoquinase (CPK) aumentaram e que os sintomas de insuficiência renal aguda estavam presentes, o que forneceu um diagnóstico exato de insuficiência hepática aguda complicada por grave rabdomiólise e lesão renal aguda dialítica. Rabdomiólise é uma condição de hipermioglobinúria, sendo uma dos principais fatores que fomentam uma piora da função renal. A terapia da fase inicial envolveu suporte a ressuscitação volêmica associada a terapia dialítica com rigoroso controle da função renal. Os três pacientes desenvolveram comprometimento de múltiplos órgãos, mas apenas um foi a óbito devido a gravidade do quadro. Considerando os três casos apresentados, concluímos que a insuficiência hepática, complicada por rabdomiólise, secundária ao uso de cocaína e álcool pode ter mau prognóstico clínico, a depender de vários fatores. E os médicos devem estar cientes dos potenciais efeitos causados pela cocaína, a fim de gerir as múltiplas complicações associadas ao abuso destas substâncias.
Cav-1 (Caveolin-1) Deficiency Increases Autophagy in the Endothelium and Attenuates Vascular Inflammation and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Zhang Xinbo , Ramírez Cristina M. , Aryal Binod , Madrigal-Matute Julio , Liu Xinran , Diaz Antonio , Torrecilla-Parra Marta , Suárez Yajaira , Cuervo Ana M. , Sessa William C. , Fernández-Hernando Carlos
Published: April 2020

Objective:

Endothelial Cav-1 (caveolin-1) expression plays a relevant role during atherogenesis by controlling NO production, vascular inflammation, LDL (low-density lipoprotein) transcytosis, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Additional studies have identified cholesterol-rich membrane domains as important regulators of autophagy by recruiting ATGs (autophagy-related proteins) to the plasma membrane. Here, we investigate how the expression of Cav-1 in the aortic endothelium influences autophagy and whether enhanced autophagy contributes to the atheroprotective phenotype observed in Cav-1–deficient mice.

Approach and Results:

To analyze the impact of Cav-1 deficiency on regulation of autophagy in the aortic endothelium during the progression of atherosclerosis, we fed
Ldlr
−/−
and
Cav-1
−/−
Ldlr
−/−
mice a Western diet and assessed autophagy in the vasculature. We observe that the absence of Cav-1 promotes autophagy activation in athero-prone areas of the aortic endothelium by enhancing autophagic flux. Mechanistically, we found that Cav-1 interacts with the ATG5-ATG12 complex and influences the cellular localization of autophagosome components in lipid rafts, which controls the autophagosome formation and autophagic flux. Pharmacological inhibition of autophagy attenuates the atheroprotection observed in
Cav-1
−/−
mice by increasing endothelial inflammation and macrophage recruitment, identifying a novel molecular mechanism by which Cav-1 deficiency protects against the progression of atherosclerosis.

Conclusions:

These results identify Cav-1 as a relevant regulator of autophagy in the aortic endothelium and demonstrate that pharmacological suppression of autophagic flux in Cav-1–deficient mice attenuates the atheroprotection observed in
Cav-1
−/−
mice. Additionally, these findings suggest that activation of endothelial autophagy by blocking Cav-1 might provide a potential therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis.
Subclinical Systolic and Diastolic Dysfunction Is Evident in Youth With Elevated Blood Pressure
Authors: Tran Andrew H. , Flynn Joseph T. , Becker Richard C. , Daniels Stephen R. , Falkner Bonita E. , Ferguson Michael , Hanevold Coral D. , Hooper Stephen R. , Ingelfinger Julie R. , Lande Marc B. , Martin Lisa J. , Meyers Kevin , Mitsnefes Mark , Rosner Bernard , Samuels Joshua A. , Urbina Elaine M.
Published: May 2020

Hypertension is associated with cardiovascular events in adults. Subclinical changes to left ventricular strain and diastolic function have been found before development of decreased left ventricular ejection fraction and cardiovascular events. Our objective was to study effects of blood pressure (BP) on ventricular function in youth across the BP spectrum. Vital signs and labs were obtained in 346 participants aged 11 to 19 years who had BP categorized as low-risk (N=144; systolic BP <75th percentile), mid-risk (N=83; systolic BP ≥80th and <90th percentile), and high-risk (N=119; systolic BP ≥90th percentile). Echocardiography was performed to assess left ventricular strain and diastolic function. Differences between groups were analyzed by ANOVA. General linear models were constructed to determine independent predictors of systolic and diastolic function. Mid-risk and high-risk participants had greater adiposity and more adverse metabolic labs (lower HDL [high-density lipoprotein], higher glucose, and higher insulin) than the low-risk group. Mid-risk and high-risk participants had significantly lower left ventricular ejection fraction and peak global longitudinal strain than the low-risk group (both
P
≤0.05). The E/e′ ratio was higher in the high-risk group versus the low-risk and mid-risk groups, and the e′/a′ ratio was lower in the high-risk versus the low-risk group (both
P
≤0.05). BP and adiposity were statistically significant determinants of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function. Subclinical changes in left ventricular systolic and diastolic function can be detected even at BP levels below the hypertensive range as currently defined.
Prenatal and Postnatal Cardiac Development in Offspring of Hypertensive Pregnancies
Authors: Aye Christina Y. L. , Lewandowski Adam J. , Lamata Pablo , Upton Ross , Davis Esther , Ohuma Eric O. , Kenworthy Yvonne , Boardman Henry , Frost Annabelle L. , Adwani Satish , McCormick Kenny , Leeson Paul
Published: April 2020

Background

Pregnancy complications such as preterm birth and fetal growth restriction are associated with altered prenatal and postnatal cardiac development. We studied whether there were changes related specifically to pregnancy hypertension.

Methods and Results

Left and right ventricular volumes, mass, and function were assessed at birth and 3 months of age by echocardiography in 134 term‐born infants. Fifty‐four had been born to mothers who had normotensive pregnancy and 80 had a diagnosis of preeclampsia or pregnancy‐induced hypertension. Differences between groups were interpreted, taking into account severity of pregnancy disorder, sex, body size, and blood pressure. Left and right ventricular mass indexed to body surface area (
LVMI
and
RVMI
) were similar in both groups at birth (
LVMI
20.9±3.7 versus 20.6±4.0 g/m
2
,
P
=0.64,
RVMI
17.5±3.7 versus 18.1±4.7 g/m
2
,
P
=0.57). However, right ventricular end diastolic volume index was significantly smaller in those born to hypertensive pregnancy (16.8±5.3 versus 12.7±4.7 mL/m
2
,
P
=0.001), persisting at 3 months of age (16.4±3.2 versus 14.4±4.8 mL/m
2
,
P
=0.04). By 3 months of age these infants also had significantly greater
LVMI
and
RVMI
(
LVMI
24.9±4.6 versus 26.8±4.9 g/m
2
,
P
=0.04;
RVMI
17.1±4.2 versus 21.1±3.9 g/m
2
,
P
<0.001). Differences in
RVMI
and right ventricular end diastolic volume index at 3 months, but not left ventricular measures, correlated with severity of the hypertensive disorder. No differences in systolic or diastolic function were evident.

Conclusions

Infants born at term to a hypertensive pregnancy have evidence of both prenatal and postnatal differences in cardiac development, with right ventricular changes proportional to the severity of the pregnancy disorder. Whether differences persist long term as well as their underlying cause and relationship to increased cardiovascular risk requires further study.
Japan, a Separate Province From India? Rivalries and Financial Management of Two Jesuit Missions in Asia
Authors: Vu Thanh Hélène
Published: April 2020

This article analyzes the organization of the Jesuit missions in Asia in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries through the case of the relationship between the Indian mission and the Japanese mission, which was subordinate to it. It highlights the management and control methods which were specific to the Asian missions. It thus demonstrates the growing autonomy of the Japanese mission, which was trying to free itself from Indian administrative and financial supervision. In doing so, the deep-seated nature of the rivalries and tensions between missions within a single Jesuit province are brought into focus, despite Roman arbitration. The article is thus an invitation to reassess the regional dimension to Jesuit governance, which is sometimes ignored in favor of the global aspect.
Proposed Amendments to the Constitution of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature
Authors: On Zoological Nomenclature International Commission
Published: April 2020

The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, or Commission) considered amendments to Articles of its Constitution (ICZN 1999a) at a special session in Singapore, convened on June 3–7, 2019. During this meeting, Commissioners also planned revisions to the Bylaws, the current International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999b, 2003, 2012, 2017) and ZooBank user policies.
Chinese species of Nomia (Gnathonomia) Pauly, 2005 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae: Nomiinae)
Authors: ZHANG DAN , NIU ZE-QING , ORR MICHAEL C. , ASCHER JOHN S. , ZHU CHAO-DONG
Published: April 2020

Five Chinese species of Nomia (Gnathonomia) Pauly, 2005 are treated in this paper: Nomia fusciventris Zhang & Niu, sp. nov. from Fujian Province is described as a new species; N. aurata Bingham, 1897 and N. wahisi Pauly, 2009 are recorded from China for the first time, and the male of N. pieli Cockerell, 1931 is newly reported. An updated diagnosis is provided for the subgenus Nomia (Gnathonomia) to accommodate Chinese endemic species which lack the white integumental bands found in most previously described forms. A key to the known Chinese species is provided.
Arctic Sea Ice Growth in Response to Synoptic- and Large-Scale Atmospheric Forcing from CMIP5 Models
Authors: Cai Lei , Alexeev Vladimir A. , Walsh John E.
Published: April 2020

We explore the response of wintertime Arctic sea ice growth to strong cyclones and to large-scale circulation patterns on the daily scale using Earth system model output in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). A combined metrics ranking method selects three CMIP5 models that are successful in reproducing the wintertime Arctic dipole (AD) pattern. A cyclone identification method is applied to select strong cyclones in two subregions in the North Atlantic to examine their different impacts on sea ice growth. The total change of sea ice growth rate (SGR) is split into those respectively driven by the dynamic and thermodynamic atmospheric forcing. Three models reproduce the downward longwave radiation anomalies that generally match thermodynamic SGR anomalies in response to both strong cyclones and large-scale circulation patterns. For large-scale circulation patterns, the negative AD outweighs the positive Arctic Oscillation in thermodynamically inhibiting SGR in both impact area and magnitude. Despite the disagreement on the spatial distribution, the three CMIP5 models agree on the weaker response of dynamic SGR than thermodynamic SGR. As the Arctic warms, the thinner sea ice results in more ice production and smaller spatial heterogeneity of thickness, dampening the SGR response to the dynamic forcing. The higher temperature increases the specific heat of sea ice, thus dampening the SGR response to the thermodynamic forcing. In this way, the atmospheric forcing is projected to contribute less to change daily SGR in the future climate.
Turkey’s Perceptions of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (2013–2017): Media and Think-Tanks Discourse Analysis
Authors: Akçay Nurettin , Qingye Tang
Published: April 2020

This article takes an empirical approach to Turkey’s perceptions of China’s proposal to build a Community of a Shared Future for Mankind and begin the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) by examining data from Turkey’s mainstream media, think-tanks, academic and business fields, and social media sources. The findings demonstrate that, despite Turkey’s geological position, the degree of concern for a Community of a Shared Future and the BRI is not high enough. There are positive and negative evaluations. The positive evaluation is mainly related to the importance of BRI with regard to Turkey’s economy, business, infrastructure construction and the national rejuvenation, while the negative side is about China’s aim, cultural security and the disputes between the two countries. To deal with such cognitive differences, China needs to boost the publicity of the initiative and form a better understanding about Turkish domestic needs. China and Turkey should also seek to strengthen people-to-people ties.
Cultural Memory and Gādaliyā Luhār Identity in Gujarat
Authors: Luhar Sahdev , Nimavat Dushyant
Published: April 2020

Focused on the cultural memory of the Gādaliya Luhār community in Gujarat, this article discusses ways in which oral traditions and cultural memory among nomadic groups in India shape the identity of a community under the challenge of cultural amnesia. The Gādaliyā Luhārs claim Rājpūt status and close association with the kings of the Mewar region of Rajasthan, but experienced double cultural amnesia, first under the Mughals and later in the British Empire, which affected their identity. The article seeks to assess the authenticity of the community’s assertions of cultural memory in the light of some historical documents and asks to what extent cultural memory through oral narratives can be taken as valid evidence for understanding the cultural identity of a specific community.
Grit and peer relationships in early adolescence: A person-centered approach
Authors: Lan Xiaoyu
Published: April 2020

Although a burgeoning body of research has illustrated the association of grit with academic and psychosocial functioning in adolescence, little is known about how adolescents with differing grit profiles may diverge in regard to peer relationships (i.e., perceived popularity and friendships). Guided by the dynamic interactionism framework, the current study, using a person-centered approach, explores grit profiles of Chinese early adolescents and examines whether these profiles exhibit mean differences in perceived popularity and friendships. A total of 1,150 early adolescents aged from 10 years to 13 years (53.4% male) were involved in this study; participants were asked to complete self-report questionnaires concerning grit and self-perception of friendships and complete peer nominations within each classroom in terms of perceived popularity. A latent profile analysis revealed five grit profiles based on two facets of grit (i.e., perseverance and consistency). Moreover, multivariate analysis of covariance—controlling for age, gender, and socioeconomic status—showed that early adolescents who scored higher on both perseverance and consistency were nominated as more popular individuals than those with low-to-moderate perseverance and low consistency. In contrast, perseverance was more essential than consistency in determining greater self-perception of friendships. To summarize, the current study suggests that both perseverance and consistency are pivotal in terms of perceived popularity, whereas perseverance is critical in regard to the self-perception of friendships.
Critical success factors for digital library implementation in Africa: Solution focused rather than problem focused
Authors: Singeh Feria Wirba , Abdullah Abrizah , Kaur Kiran
Published: April 2020

Digital libraries continue to be an important source for indigenous content and research output in developing countries, especially in the context where traditional distribution mechanisms failed. It is therefore useful for continual research to maintain and enhance our standing on the topic and to improve ways of making digital libraries more usable and sustainable to the user community. It is with this effect that this study on the success factors of digital libraries was conducted, with the objective to identify and validate a set of critical success factors (CSFs) for digital library implementation in developing countries. To address this, a quantitative exploratory research design was employed using a web-based survey questionnaire as the data collection technique. A total of 56 item statements associated with the Technology-Organisation-Environment (TOE) framework were developed and respondents were asked about their Perceived Importance and Actual Practices of those factors in digital library implementation. Digital libraries in Africa were sampled and an identified 155 digital libraries from this continent were obtained from OpenDOAR, with 111 sample size representative of the respondents. Based on a 70 percent response rate expectation, invitations were sent to respondents representing the digital libraries. After almost six months, there was a 67.7 percent response rate with 105 usable questionnaires obtained. This study revealed eight CSFs for digital library implementation in ranked order - Content, Architecture, People, Process, Standards, Location and Time, Policy and Advocacy. They are the salient factors that would not only assist to attain sustainable digital library development and implementation, but also provide guidance to library practitioners in appropriate decisions for digital library adoption. It may also help libraries to accomplish their digital library mission in the most cost effective way.
Ceftazidime-related urinary calculi in a young boy: a case report
Authors: Gao Pan , Liu Zonglai , Yang Han , He Ziqiu , Zhang Zhi , Guo Xiong , Zhang Hongbo , Ai Wei , Du Dan
Published: April 2020

Certain drugs can cause kidney stones but as far as we are aware, ceftazidime-related urinary calculi have not been previously reported. We report here a case of an 8-year-old boy who developed hydronephrosis secondary to urinary calculi after receiving ceftazidime 2.0 g by intravenous infusion daily for two weeks. Previously, his left kidney showed no signs of disease. A retrograde double J ureteral stent was inserted, ceftazidime terminated, fluids increased and urine alkalised. On day 25, the patient showed no signs of kidney stones or hydronephrosis. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of ceftazidime-related urinary calculi particularly if patients are receiving long-term treatment.
Book review: Tenhunen Sirpa. 2018. A Village Goes Mobile: Telephony, Mediation and Social Change in Rural India
Authors: Sen Moumita
Published: April 2020

Tenhunen Sirpa. 2018. A Village Goes Mobile: Telephony, Mediation and Social Change in Rural India. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. 212 pp., £71.00. ISBN 9780190630270 (Paperback).
Book review: Sabaratnam, Meera. 2017: Decolonising Intervention: International Statebuilding in Mozambique
Authors: Buba Imrana Alhaji
Published: April 2020

Sabaratnam, Meera. 2017: Decolonising Intervention: International Statebuilding in Mozambique. London, UK: Rowman & Littlefield International Ltd. ix + 173 pp. £29.44 paperback. ISBN: 978-1-78348-274-0.
Advantages of using a cooler bypass in the low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation line of a compression ignition diesel engine operating at cold conditions
Authors: Galindo José , Dolz Vicente , Monsalve-Serrano Javier , Bernal Maldonado Miguel Angel , Odillard Laurent
Published: April 2020

The low efficiency of the after-treatment systems during the cold start period of the internal combustion engines leads to excessive pollutant emissions levels. To reduce the nitrogen oxide emissions at these conditions, it could be necessary to use the high- and low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation strategies, even operating at low temperatures. This article evaluates the impact of using a low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation cooler bypass in a Euro 6 turbocharged diesel engine running under cold conditions (–7 °C). A new compact line fitted with a bypass system for the cooler is used with the aim of accelerating the engine warm-up process as compared to the original low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation line. The system is evaluated following two strategies, first performing exhaust gas recirculation without bypass and then performing exhaust gas recirculation bypassing the cooler. The results show that the activation the low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation from the engine cold start leads to a significant nitrogen oxide emissions reduction. Moreover, the bypass activation leads to increase the engine intake temperature, reducing the engine warm-up time and the CO emissions due to better combustion efficiency. However, the activation of the low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation at low temperatures could produce condensation and fouling deposits on the engine components affecting their life span. These phenomena are visualized using endoscope cameras in order to identify the condensation time and the final conditions of the elements. In addition, a chemical analysis of some condensates collected during the experiments and a comparison versus other species found in the literature is presented.
Feral segmentation: How cultural intermediaries perform market segmentation in the wild
Authors: Diaz Ruiz Carlos A. , Kjellberg Hans
Published: April 2020

This article extends the S-T-P framework of market segmentation (i.e. segmentation, targeting, and positioning), showing that firms have more sources of segments than previously acknowledged, including the option of integrating feral segments that emerge publicly in the marketplace. While the S-T-P framework currently focuses on ad hoc segmentation tailored for a focal firm and syndicated segmentation made for commercialization to multiple firms, this article introduces feral segmentation in which cultural intermediaries (CIs) coin consumers categories through their familiarity with popular culture. Empirically, the article investigates how CIs constructed the lumbersexual segment, a neologism combining the narcissism of the metrosexual with the roughness of the lumberjack. The findings include a four-step feral segmentation process: (1) Establishing deviance—singling out anomalies that lower the explanatory power of existing segments. (2) Prototyping—sketching profiles that enhance familiarity and allow identification. (3) Anchoring—attaching the segment into public discussions. (4) Vaccination—coining preemptive validations against criticism.
RAP-ALO(N)G and Make Me Smart
Authors: Goldman Alica
Published: April 2020

[Box: see text]
Neural network feature learning based on image self-encoding
Authors: Liu Yangyang , Tian Minghua , Xu Chang , Zhao Lixiang
Published: April 2020

With the rapid development of information technology and the arrival of the era of big data, people’s access to information is increasingly relying on information such as images. Today, image data are showing an increasing trend in the form of an index. How to use deep learning models to extract valuable information from massive data is very important. In the face of such a situation, people cannot accurately and timely find out the information they need. Therefore, the research on image retrieval technology is very important. Image retrieval is an important technology in the field of computer vision image processing. It realizes fast and accurate query of similar images in image database. The excellent feature representation not only can represent the category information of the image but also capture the relevant semantic information of the image. If the neural network feature learning expression is combined with the image retrieval field, it will definitely improve the application of image retrieval technology. To solve the above problems, this article studies the problems encountered in deep learning neural network feature learning based on image self-encoding and discusses its feature expression in the field of image retrieval. By adding the spatial relationship information obtained by image self-encoding in the neural network training process, the feature expression ability of the selected neural network is improved, and the neural network feature learning based on image coding is successfully applied to the popular field of image retrieval.
The Anterolateral Triangle: Implications for a Transnasal Prelacrimal Approach to the Floor of the Middle Cranial Fossa
Authors: Li Lifeng , London Nyall R. , Prevedello Daniel M. , Carrau Ricardo L.
Published: April 2020

Background

The anterolateral triangle enclosed by the foramen rotundum and foramen ovale constitutes part of the floor of the middle cranial fossa (MCF).

Objective

To assess the feasibility of a transnasal prelacrimal approach for accessing the floor of MCF via an anterolateral triangle corridor and to determine the extent of maximal exposure while safeguarding neurovascular structures.

Methods

A transnasal prelacrimal approach was performed in 5 cadaveric specimens (10 sides). Following the identification of foramen rotundum and foramen ovale, the bony ridge between 2 was drilled to expose the MCF. The temporal lobe dura was then elevated laterally, and the distances from foramen ovale to the respective borders of the area of the MCF window were measured using a surgical navigation device.

Results

The MCF was exposed with a 0° scope in all specimens also exposing significant landmarks including the middle meningeal artery, greater superficial petrosal nerve, superior petrous sinus, and arcuate eminence. Average distances from foramen ovale to the anterior, posterior, and lateral exposed borders were 22.86 ± 1.87 mm, 27.24 ± 0.94 mm, and 24.23 ± 1.61 mm, respectively. The average area of exposed MCF window was 554.12 ± 60.22 mm2. Preservation of vidian nerve, greater palatine nerve, lateral nasal wall, and nasolacrimal duct was possible in all 10 sides.

Conclusion

It is feasible to access the floor of MCF via an endoscopic transnasal prelacrimal approach with seemingly low risk.
A PRACTICAL PRE-OPERATIVE PREDICTIVE MODEL FOR DETERMINING HAMSTRING AUTOGRAFT SIZE FOR ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Sherman Benjamin , Kwan Kevin , Schlechter John
Published: April 2020

Background:

The most commonly used graft for pediatric/adolescent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is the hamstring autograft. Recent evidence has suggested that graft sizes less than 8 mm and age less than 20 years old are the most significant factors influencing graft failure. Additionally, studies examining the role of augmenting smaller grafts with allograft have demonstrated mixed results and potentially increased failure rates. Efforts to predict hamstring size preoperatively using MRI and ultrasound in the adult population have shown promise. However, there have been no studies in an entirely pediatric population.

Hypothesis/Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of MRI in determining hamstring autograft size preoperatively for pediatric ACL reconstructions.

Methods:

Children and adolescents from 10-20 years old that had undergone ACL reconstruction using hamstring autograft were identified from 2017-2018. Semitendinosus and gracilis cross-sectional area and diameter were measured on preoperative knee MRIs using the field of interest and distance measurement tools. The slice used for measurement was identified as the largest section by the measuring surgeon. Two surgeons independently measured all MRIs. Preoperative demographic data (height, weight, body mass index (BMI), gender) and operative data (graft size) was collected. Ordinal regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between demographic data and graft size. A Classification and Regression Tree (CART) was constructed to identify predictors for the pre-determined graft sizes of 8 mm. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis were then created to assess the performance of the predictive model and determine sensitivity and specificity.

Results:

One hundred and ten children (54 boys, 56 girls) were included in this study with an average age of 15.93 years (range 11.81-20.22) and average BMI of 25.98 (range 16.02-40.08). CART analysis determined that if the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the semitendinosus and gracilis tendons were greater than 31.17 mm then 87.5% of children had graft sizes of 8 mm or greater. The ROC analysis determined the model to have an 80% sensitivity and 74% specificity for predicting a graft size of 8 mm or larger.

Conclusion:

A preoperative summation of the cross-sectional areas of the semitendinosus and gracilis tendons greater than 31.17 mm predicts an intraoperative graft size of 8 mm or larger in 87.5% of children.

[Table: see text][Table: see text][Figure: see text]