bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a novel nomogram to predict the impact of the mutation of rs281430 on the prognosis of ischemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Naman Tuersunjiang , Abuduhalike Refukaiti , Abudouwayiti Aihaidan , Sun Juan , Mahemuti Ailiman
Published: June 2023

Object: This study investigated the correlation between polymorphisms of the ICAM-1 gene and prognosis of Ischemic cardiomyopathy（ICM）, and developed a prognostic model for predict the prognosis ICM on the basis of ICAM-1 gene variants.
​Method: The current study included totally 576 patients with ICM. In addition, PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism) was used to genotype SNPs in the ICAM-1 gene in the patients. All patients randomly deveided into training group with 399 patients and validation group with 177 patients. construct the prognostic model by Using the data of training group. Univariable Cox-regression analysis were performed, include cilinical and gene variants, then used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model to optimize feature selection. Furthermore, multivariate Cox-regression was applied to build the prognostic nomogram model, which included clinical and gene features chosen by the LASSO regression model. Following that, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, C-index, calibration plot analyses and decision curve analysis (DCA) were carried out to evaluate the discrimination abilitiy，consistency, and clinical utility of the prognostic model.
Result: predicting factors rs281430, ventricular arrhythmia, treating by PCI or CABG, use of β-blockers, heart rate (HR), serum sodium level, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVDD) were the risk factors of the prognosis of ICM, incorporated these factors into the prognostic nomogram model. The constructed nomogram performed well in discrimination ability, as observed by the ROC and C-index. Furthermore, as shown by calibration curves，our nomogram’s predicted probabilities were highly consistent with measured values. With threshold probabilities, DCA suggested that our nomogram could be useful in the clinic.
​Conclusion: rs281430 mutation (from AA genotype to AG or GG genotype) is a risk factor for ICM patients to have a higher survival probability; the survival probability of ICM patients with the mutant genotype (AG or GG) is lower than those with the wild genotype (AA).
A Community-based Study on the Relationship between Chronic Condition Status, Social Determinants of Health, and Health Behaviors among Detroit Residents
Authors: Dean Caress , Milan Rebecca A. , Raja Maidah , Radhakrishnan Swathi
Published: June 2023

Compared to Michigan as a state, Detroit, the largest urban city in Michigan, has a substantially higher chronic condition burden. This study examined influential factors, including health beliefs, behavior tracking, and social determinants of health associated with Detroit residents' chronic condition status. Using a cross-sectional community-based study design, 394 Detroit residents were recruited from May 2019-August 2021 to complete a survey. To meet the study objectives, descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted using STATA MP17. Over 45% of participants self-reported having a chronic condition. Participants reported housing, food, healthcare, and stress as their top social determinants of health. Participants with a chronic condition had significantly higher adjusted odds (AOR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.01 to 2.89) of requesting assistance with intermediary than structural determinants. This is one of the first studies to describe Detroit residents' self-reported needs by their chronic condition status. Residents' social needs are multifaceted and associated with chronic condition status. Residents would benefit from interprofessional collaborations to address their top social determinants and promote lifestyle changes.
Periosteal flaps allow for single stage reconstruction of larger full thickness eyelid defects: A retrospective study
Authors: Blumenthal Shoshana R. , Mohan Lauren S. , Knabel Daniel R. , Mori Westley , Demer Addison , Farah Ronda , Fiessinger Lori , Mattox Adam , Maher Ian
Published: June 2023

Background
Full-thickness lower eyelid defects after Mohs micrographic surgery are frequently referred out to oculoplastic surgery for reconstruction. Reconstructive options include wedge closure with or without canthotomy/cantholysis and tarsoconjunctival sliding flaps. Defects >50% of the eyelid margin have traditionally required the two-stage Hughes flap, leaving the patient with monocular vision for 3-6 weeks until pedicle division.
Objective
To demonstrate single-stage periosteal flaps performed by dermatologic surgeons can result in safe, functional, and cosmetically acceptable repairs for large full thickness eyelid defects.
Materials and Methods
An institutional review board-approved retrospective study of repairs performed by two dermatologic surgeons between January 2017 and July 2021 at the University of Minnesota. Patient demographics, operative notes, and follow-up notes were reviewed. Defect and follow up photos were scored using a visual analogue scale to assess aesthetic results.
Results
Ten cases were included in the analysis. Six patients were male and the average age was 62 years old. 8/10 were basal cell carcinoma and 2/10 were melanoma. The mean defect was 9.5 cm2, with a range of 1 cm2 to 24 cm2. The median cosmetic score was 85.8 +/- 10.7. There were no serious complications reported.
Conclusion
Mohs micrographic surgeons can safely and successfully reconstruct large, full thickness eyelid defects by periosteal flap.
Anti-Ro52 positivity is associated with progressive interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis - an exploratory study
Authors: Hamberg Viggo , Sohrabian Azita , Volkmann Elizabeth R , Wildt Marie , Löfdahl Anna , Wuttge Dirk M. , Hesselstrand Roger , Dellgren Göran , Westergren-Thorsson Gunilla , Rönnelid Johan , Andréasson Kristofer
Published: June 2023

Background:
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the most common cause of death in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Prognostic biomarkers are needed to identify SSc-ILD patients at risk for progressive pulmonary fibrosis. This study investigates autoantibodies measured in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and in serum in reference to the clinical disease course of SSc-ILD.
Methods:
Fifteen patients with new onset SSc-ILD underwent bronchoscopy. Autoantibody levels were analyzed using addressable laser bead immunoassay from BAL fluid and the serum. In a separate longitudinal cohort of 43 patients with early SSc-ILD, autoantibodies in serum were measured at baseline and pulmonary function tests were performed at least 2 times over the course of at least 2 or more years. Linear mixed effect models were created to investigate the relationship between specific autoantibodies and progression of SSc-ILD. Finally, lung tissue from subjects with and without SSc was analyzed for the presence of the Ro52 antigen using immunohistochemistry.
Results:
Among SSc-ILD patients who were positive for anti-Ro52 (N=5), 3 (60%) had enrichment of anti-Ro52 in BAL fluid at a ratio exceeding 50x. In the longitudinal cohort, 10/43 patients (23%) were anti-Ro52 positive and 16/43 (37%) were anti-scl-70 positive. Presence of anti-Scl-70 was associated with a lower vital capacity (VC) at baseline (-12.6% predicted VC [%pVC]; 95%CI: -25.0, -0.29; p=0.045), but was not significantly associated with loss of lung function over time (-1.07 %pVC/year; 95%CI: -2.86, 0.71; p=0.230). The presence of anti-Ro52 was significantly associated with the loss of lung function over time (-2.41 %pVC/year; 95% CI: -4.28, -0.54; p = 0.013). Rate of loss of lung function increased linearly with increasing anti-Ro52 antibody levels (-0.03 %pVC per arbitrary units/mL and year; 95%CI: -0.05, -0.02; p<0.001). Immunohistochemical staining localized the Ro52 antigen to alveolar M2 macrophages in peripheral lung tissue both in subjects with and without SSc.
Conclusions:
This study suggests that antibodies targeting Ro52 are enriched in the lungs of patients with new-onset SSc-ILD, linking Ro52 autoimmunity to the pulmonary pathology of SSc. Clinical and immunohistochemical data corroborates these findings and suggest that anti-Ro52 may serve as a potential biomarker of progressive SSc-ILD.
Analysis of Codon Usage Bias of Thioredoxin in Apicomplexan Protozoa
Authors: Wang Dawei , Yang Baoling
Published: June 2023

Background
Apicomplexan protozoa are a diverse group of obligate intracellular parasites causing many diseases that affect humans and animals such as malaria, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis. Apicomplexan protozoa possess unique thioredoxins (Trxs) that have been shown to regulate various cellular processes including metabolic redox regulation, parasite survival, and host immune evasion. However, it is still unknown how synonymous codons are used by apicomplexan protozoa Trxs.
Methods
Codon Usage Bias (CUB) is the unequal usage of synonymous codons during translation which leads to the over or underrepresentation of certain nucleotide patterns. This imbalance in CUB can impact a variety of cellular processes including protein expression levels and genetic variation. This study analyzed the CUB of 32 Trx coding sequences (CDS) from 11 apicomplexan protozoa.
Results
The results showed that both codon base composition and relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) analysis revealed that AT-ended codons were more frequently used in Cryptosporidium spp. and Plasmodium spp., while the Eimeria spp., Babesia spp., Hammondia hammondi, Neospora caninum, and Toxoplasma gondii tended to end in G/C. The average effective number of codons (ENC) value of these apicomplexan protozoa is 46.59, which is > 35, indicating a weak codon preference among apicomplexan protozoa Trxs. Furthermore, the correlation analysis among codon base composition (GC1, GC2, GC3, GCs), codon adaptation index (CAI), codon bias index (CBI), frequency of optimal codons (FOP), ENC, general average hydropathicity (GRAVY), aromaticity (AROMO), length of synonymous codons (L_sym) and length of amino acids (L_aa) indicated the influence of base composition and codon usage indices on CUB. Additionally, the neutrality plot analysis, PR2-bias plot analysis, and ENC-GC3 plot analysis further demonstrated that natural selection plays an important role in apicomplexan protozoa Trxs codon bias.
Conclusions
In conclusion, this study increased the understanding of codon usage characteristics and genetic evolution of apicomplexan protozoa Trxs, which expanded new ideas for protein function research.
Insights into the biochar-respiratory growth of a model methanogen
Authors: Huang Rui , Tang Chuyan , Zhao Yameng , Liu Lina , Chen Jiazhe , Shi Zhirui , Yan Zhen
Published: June 2023

Biochar is ubiquitous in diverse natural and engineered anaerobic systems. The biogeochemical roles of biochar during its production, storage and dynamics show an involvement in the global methane flux that is governed by methanotrophs and methanogens. Understanding of the relevant mechanisms is currently restricted to the roles of biochar in the methanotrophic growth but less is known of the roles in methanogenic growth. Here, we demonstrated that biochar enhanced methanogenic growth of a model methanogen Methanosarcina acetivorans, and the role of biochar as an electron acceptor during the methanogenic growth was confirmed, referring as biochar-respiratory growth. The biochar-respiratory growth of M. acetivorans promoted the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) with augmented electron transfer capability, and the removal of EPS significantly attenuated extracellular electron transfer. Identification and quantification of prosthetic cofactors for EPS suggest an important role of flavin and F420 in the extracellular electron transfer. Transcriptomic analysis provided more insights into the biochar-respiratory growth of M. acetivorans to show that transcriptional regulation positively responded to the favorable growth environment provided by biochar, thereby stimulating global methanogenesis. Our results enlighten the in situ roles of biochar in the ecophysiology of methanogens in diverse anaerobic environments.
Improved Energy Formula for Highly Excited Vibrational States of Kratzer-Fues Oscillator
Authors: Molski Marcin
Published: June 2023

A mixed supersymmetric-algebraic approach is employed to derive an improved Kratzer-Fues energy formula, which describes the highly excited states of vibrating diatomic systems. The approach proposed has been used to reproduce the coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectra generated by the vibrational transitions (ν < 6) of the nitrogen molecule 14N2 in the ground electronic state X1Σ+g and the energy levels (v < 42) of dioxygen 16O2 in the ground electronic state X3Σ− g . The model includes v-dependence of the potential depth D0 → Dv and interatomic equilibrium separation r0 → rv and can be used to describe vibrations of diatomic molecules in which nonadiabatic vibrational effects play a significant role.
NK-PMC: A new exact branch and bound parallel algorithm for the maximum clique problem
Authors: Kadivar Mehdi , Mohammadi Neda
Published: June 2023

For a given graph, finding a clique of maximum size is a well-known NP-hard problem that is a fundamental problem in combinatorial optimization and real-world applications. This paper reduces the problem into some smaller independent sub-problems and presents an efficient parallel algorithm. For each vertex, a core number-based sub-set of its neighbors is defined and shown that the maximum clique, including the vertex, is a subset of one of these neighbor sub-sets. Accordingly, we can define sub-problems to find the maximum clique by searching on the neighbor sub-sets separately, and create the independent sub-problems that can be solved in parallel. An other advantage is that our search areas are the neighbor sub-sets that, relative to the neighbor sets, have smaller sizes. Computational experiments demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the previous well-known algorithm for many instances when applied to DIMACSbenchmark graphs and a number of real-world networks.
YAP1-TEAD4-DKK1 is an effective target for inhibiting radiation resistance in esophageal squamous carcinoma and activation of the pathway may be related to poor prognosis of patients
Authors: Wang Ye , Feng A Lei , Nie Yuanliu , Zhang Wentao , Zhao Yi , Yao Guangyue , Wei Yanjun , Yang Zhe
Published: June 2023

Background
The resistance to radiationtherapy is responsible for the poor prognosis of ESCC(esophageal squamous cell carcinoma). Our previous clinical study confirmed that YAP1 gene amplification is one of the poor prognostic indicators of radical chemoradiotherapy for ESCC. However, the underlying mechanism by which YAP1 mediates radio-resistance still remained poorly understood. Here we aim to explore the combined guiding value and related action mechanism of YAP1 and its downstream target gene Dickkopf-related protein 1(DKK1) in the treatment of ESCC.
Methods
We collected the clinical information and tissues of 94 ESCC patients and histodochemistry and survival analysis were performed.Using Western, co-IP, CHIP and luciferase experiments to verify the expression and regulatory relationship of YAP1 and DKK1. We also performed cell viability, transwell, Immunofluorescence of γ-H2AX and clonogenic assay to investigate the proliferation capacity and radiation sensitivity of KYSE510 cells and KYSE150 cells after lentiviral-transfected cell lines were constructed. Finally, Tumor growth curves of mices were used to verify the relationship between cell viability and radiation sensitivity.
Results
Cell experiments demonstrated that YAP1 overexpression promoted the malignant phenotype of ESCC cells and DNA damage repair to mediate radioresistance. In our present study, YAP1 and DKK1 were firstly found to have a synergistic predictive value for ESCC prognosis. Both knockdown YAP1 and application of YAP1 inhibitor repressed transcriptional activation of DKK1. The CHIP experiment and luciferase reporter showed that YAP1 activated DKK1 directly through its transcription factor TEAD4, which both affected the proliferation and migration ability of esophageal cancer cells. Moreover, the application of the YAP1 inhibitor CA3 combined with X-rays could significantly suppressed the xenograft tumor formation.
Conclusion
In conclusion, our study uncovers the role and mechanisms through which YAP1 and DKK1 as key regulators of radiotherapy resitance. YAP1/TEAD4 directly regulated the expression of DKK1, both participated in cell radioresistance, proliferation, migration and invasion and may be a potential joint predictor of ESCC.
Superconducting type transition by proximity effect between a frustrated antiferromagnetic insulator and a normal metal
Authors: Pimentel Dyvison Pedreira
Published: June 2023

A superconductor-like transition in a copper channel is observed when an antiferromagnetic layer is in contact with this channel. This reminds the superconducting cuprates that from the phase diagram one observes an antiferromagnetic phase close to the superconducting phase. In my proposal, there is a subtle difference, the magnetic phase is not killed as in cuprates. [Cu2(OH)3Cl] was used as the antiferromagnetic insulator and Copper (Cu) as the normal metal. The copper conductive channel is formed by applying a voltage of 70 V.
Stalling of Contraceptive Prevalence Rate and Method mix trend in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Mekonnen Yared
Published: June 2023

The modern Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (mCPR) in Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia, increased substantially over the past two decades; however, recent data suggest an unusual reversal trend that merits investigation. This study therefore aims to establish and characterize the trend in mCPR and method mix in Addis Ababa and also examine the causes for the recent trend. Overall and stratified trend analyses were performed using pooled data gathered in the four rounds (2000–2016) of the Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) with more emphasis to the last two surveys (2011 and 2016). We employed the Oaxaca-Blinder method to disentangle the difference in contraceptive use between 2011 and 2016 that was due to changes in the composition (endowments) of the female population, in their contraceptive behavior (coefficients) and the contributions of both (interaction). The modern contraceptive prevalence rate (mCPR) increased steadily from 34.2% in 2000 to 45.3% in 2005 and 56.3% in 2011, but declined to 50% by 2016. The decomposition analysis suggests that the recent decline in mCPR occurred predominantly due to differences in the composition of the female population between the year 2011 and 2016 in terms of their age, education and spousal living arrangements. These differences might be caused by recent migration, possible data anomaly or a combination of the two. The same analysis also revealed the lack of significant changes in coefficients effects, i.e. in women’s receptivity to contraception, to cause the decline in mCPR. Indeed, this was corroborated by the stratified trends analyses that divulged recent stalling of mCPR for women in different categories of women’s age, number of children ever born, education and religion. With an unmet need of 9%, the demand for family planning estimated at 65% for any method and 59% for modern method mean that a further increase of mCPR in Addis Ababa is plausible. There has been a substantial shift to use of long-term method, especially Norplant/implants and IUDs between 2011 and 2016. Notably, over 85% of the methods reported in 2016 comprised four methods, namely, Injectables, Norplant/Implants, IUDs and pills. In conclusion, contraceptive use stalling is a plausible characterization of the recent trend in mCPR in Addis Ababa. This stalling has occurred during the upward trajectory and before the potential ceiling level for mCPR has reached. Revitalizing the upward trend requires tapping into the unmet need for family planning, creating new demand, further expanding method mix and focusing on women with low demand for family planning. Finally, efforts to track progress in mCPR in Addis Ababa should be cognizant of the changing socio-demographic composition of the female population for better interpretation of trends.
The Solutions to Some Dual Matrix Equations
Authors: Fan Ranran , Zeng Min , Yuan Yongxin
Published: June 2023

The solvability conditions for the dual matrix equation AXB = D, a pair of dual matrix equations AX = B, XC = D and the dual matrix equation AX +YB = D are established by using the generalized inverses and the singular value decompositions of some real matrices, and the expressions of the general solutions to these dual matrix equations are presented. Finally, a numerical experiment is given to validate the accuracy of our result.
2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 15A24; 15B99
The Rate of Asymptomatic Throat Carriage of Streptococcus pyogenes and its Associated Risk Factors among Medical Students of Queen Arwa University in Sana’a City, Yemen
Authors: Al-Aomary Nasser Mohammad , Edrees Wadhah Hassan , Al-Ofair Bashir Ahmed , Alrahabi Lutf Mohammed
Published: June 2023

Background Throat carriage of Streptococcus pyogenes could play a crucial role in the transmission of infection to households and community settings. In Yemen, there is no information about S. pyogenes throat carriage among university students.Aim This study aimed for finding out the rate of asymptomatic throat carriage of Streptococcus pyogenes and its associated risk factors among medical students of Queen Arwa University in Sana’a City, Yemen.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at Queen Arwa, between December 2022 to April 2023. A total of 300 throat swabs were randomly collected from medical university students. Streptococcus pyogenes were isolated and identified by using standard bacteriological procedures. Also, the required data were obtained by using the designed questionnaire.Results Out of 300 specimens, 5(1.7%) were positive for S. pyogenes throat carriage. The high rate of S. pyogenes was among females (2%), age group of 25–30 years (8.3%), dental students (3.9%), and who studied at the third level (3.7%). Also, the high rate of the carriage was whose fathers’ are the trading field (3.7%) and mothers as housewives (2%), whose fathers and mothers’ held a university certificate (2.9%) and primary school (6.5%), respectively, with a low income (12.5%), none of their families has a sore throat (2.1%), and a history of hospitalization (3.2%).Conclusion There was a relatively low rate of S. pyogenes throat carriage in healthy medical students compared with international investigations. Standard precautions such as adequate hand and respiratory hygiene and avoiding overcrowded settings are used to prevent and control transmission of GAS infection.
Quantification of human mature frataxin protein expression in nonhuman primate hearts after gene therapy
Authors: Blair Ian , Rojsajjakul Teerapat , Hordeaux Juliette , Chaudhary Gourav , Hinderer Christian , Mesaros Clementina , Wilson James
Published: June 2023

Deficiency in human mature frataxin (hFXN-M) protein is responsible for the devastating neurodegenerative and cardiodegenerative disease of Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA). It results primarily by epigenetic silencing the FXN gene due to up to 1400 GAA triplet repeats in intron 1 of both alleles of the gene; a subset of approximately 3% of FRDA patients have a mutation on one allele. FRDA patients die most commonly in their 30s from heart disease. Therefore, increasing expression of heart hFXN-M using gene therapy offers a way to prevent early mortality in FRDA. We used rhesus macaque monkeys to test the pharmacology of an adeno-associated virus (AAV)hu68.CB7.hFXN therapy. The advantage of using non-human primates for hFXN-M gene therapy studies is that hFXN-M and monkey FXN-M (mFXN-M) are 98.5% identical, which limits potential immunologic side-effects. However, this presented a formidable bioanalytical challenge in quantification of proteins with almost identical sequences. This was overcome by development of a species-specific quantitative mass spectrometry-based method, which revealed for the first time, robust transgene-specific human protein expression in monkey heart tissue. The dose response was non-linear resulting in a ten-fold increase in monkey heart hFXN-M protein expression with only a three-fold increase in dose of the vector.
Bullying Practices in Russia, Germany and the United States (comparative analysis)
Authors: Tomareva I. G. , Maryanina L. A. , Arshinova O. P.
Published: June 2023

The article is devoted to the problem of bullying that is today encountered literally everywhere: at school, at work and on the Internet. Recently it has become a social and psychological problem that needs to be addressed both at the level of psychology and at the level of normative regulation and the introduction of appropriate communication practices in enterprises. Many researchers call bullying a social disease of the 21st century. Bullying is a kind of self-assertion of people at the expense of humiliation of others, harassment of one or more employees in the labor collective. However, such self-assertion brings unpleasant consequences – in terms of both labor management and psychological health of the victims. The problem of bullying is very common, however, it should be noted that its manifestation could vary significantly depending on the company, region and, more importantly, the country as a whole. It depends on culture, mentality and other factors. The authors consider several types of bullying practices and provide a comparative analysis of workplace bullying, based on statistical data describing the situation in Germany, the USA and Russia. Each country has its own characteristics and conditions for the formation of reasons for bullying, and its own mechanisms for solving this problem.
Mass Media as the Main Component of Qatar’s Soft Power
Authors: Vodyanov I. N.
Published: June 2023

The article is devoted to the consideration of various tools of soft power used by Qatar to promote national interests abroad. The text provides the detailed information on the process of forming the information field of Qatar in the modern media landscape of the country. The author consistently unveils the successful experience of internationalizing local media and expanding their global influence through the use of innovative technologies, mergers or acquisitions of foreign media assets and the publication of exclusive information. Based on the example of Al Jazeera and other Qatari media, the author provides the statistical indicators that prove the effectiveness of such a strategy in expanding the reach of the press and strengthening the influence on the public abroad.
Perceived and real identity in digital space
Authors: Kirillina N. V.
Published: June 2023

The manuscript is devoted to the study of identity as one of the supporting constructs in the system of social communication inclusive of online communities and digital environment. The basis of the material is a review of scientific sources devoted to the definition of identity from the standpoint of philosophy, sociology and related sciences. The author provides the key characteristics of identity in the network communications and defines the place of this phenomenon in the communication system. In view of the changes in the understanding of identity in the system of virtual communication, the author makes an attempt to determine the characteristics of “real” and “perceived” identity and outlines the prospects for further applied research.
Communicative tools of art journalism
Authors: Balakireva A. Y. , Gogina L. P.
Published: June 2023

The development of convergent journalism and new media formats has changed the journalistic content dedicated to the promotion of the high art. The paper represents an overview of the recent works devoted to the research subject. The authors consider such communicative tools for promoting the art and museum-exhibition direction in journalism as performative communications, PR technologies, digital innovations in the use of VR, and the art discourse. The authors’ overview lead to the conclusion that the art direction in journalism is attempting new techniques and methods of contact with the target audience (users), which generally has a positive effect on the practices of cultural media consumption.
10 propuestas para la consolidación de una radio musical de servicio público en España
Authors: Costa Gálvez Lola
Published: June 2023

La música, con su profunda capacidad para evocar emociones y unir a diferentes culturas, ocupa un lugar significativo en nuestra conciencia colectiva. Dentro del rico patrimonio artístico y las apasionadas melodías de España, la radio musical pública ha desempeñado un papel vital en la configuración del paisaje cultural de la nación. Este artículo se basa en la investigación doctoral del autor, realizada en la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona en 2015, que exploró el profundo impacto de la radio musical pública en la sociedad española. Reflexionando sobre la investigación y los artículos académicos posteriores publicados (Costa Gálvez, 2015, 2016a, 2016b, 2017), el autor identifica el enfoque principal de definir una radio musical de servicio público. Este artículo presenta una oportunidad para revisar y actualizar las propuestas de establecer y fortalecer la radio musical de servicio público en España, resaltando diez propuestas consideradas valiosas en el año 2023. A través de esta revisión, el artículo tiene como objetivo contribuir a la definición de la radio musical de servicio público como un componente esencial del paisaje cultural de España.
VOZES DISCENTES DO CURSO DE LICENCIATURA EM QUÍMICA DA UFRGS: UMA ANÁLISE SOBRE A PERSPECTIVA CURRICULAR
Authors: Slaviero André , Ponzoni Aline , Pazinato Maurícius
Published: June 2023

THE STUDENT VOICES OF THE CHEMISTRY DEGREE COURSE AT UFRGS: AN ANALYSIS OF THE CURRICULAR PERSPECTIVE. The reflections and data presented and discussed in this text represent a portion of the conclusions after an investigation carried out in a master’s research, whose focus was on understanding the curriculum of the training course for chemistry teachers in effect since 2017/2 at UFRGS. The study reported in this article consists of the analysis of the responses obtained from undergraduates through the application of questionnaires. The emphasized issues concern the structure of the course, its disciplines, didactic procedures, teaching strategies, materials, evaluation forms and other aspects aimed at the contribution of specific, pedagogical, and articulating disciplines in the formation of chemical educators. The results indicate maintenance of a curricular matrix that favors academic content taught in the traditional way, but with the inclusion of disciplines characterized by future teachers as essential to the formation of their teaching identity, pedagogical autonomy, and professional development. In addition, there is a disparity between the didactic procedures followed in the different disciplines, which indicates aspects to be prioritized in future reconfigurations of the curricular matrix.
Experiencias internacionales del derecho indígena y su aplicación en torno al derecho a la autonomía en Chile
Authors: González González Jorge Luis
Published: June 2023

Este trabajo estudia el derecho a la autonomía de los pueblos indígenas desde las experiencias y herramientas internacionales vinculadas al derecho indígena, como demanda de reivindicación social que constituye un dilema disruptivo en Chile en la actualidad, porque confronta directamente el modelo de Estado nación. El autor se propone la construcción teórica de este derecho mediante la aplicación del método dogmático, para lo cual analiza el núcleo del derecho y su contenido inherente a los fines de determinar su contenido esencial, mediante el análisis de los estándares internacionales derivados del Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos y del Derecho Internacional de los pueblos indígenas y derecho comparado, con la finalidad de proponer su incorporación y aplicación en el ordenamiento jurídico interno chileno. Se concluye que debido al carácter polisémico en que se ha manifestado este derecho, pudiera ejercerse en diversas dimensiones y distintos niveles, además, este ejercicio y garantía, hacerse de forma progresiva mediante instrumentos normativos de carácter legal.
Desafíos para la modernización de la Ley Protección de Datos Chilena, de cara al alcance extraterritorial del GDPR de la Unión Europea
Authors: Sanz Salguero Francisco Javier
Published: June 2023

Con base en el estudio sistemático de la doctrina, la normativa y la jurisprudencia, tanto en el ámbito del derecho chileno como del derecho comparado, temas vertebrados en una única línea central, es posible apoyar el trabajo de perfeccionamiento del actual régimen jurídico de protección de la información personal, formulando recomendaciones a partir de la identificación de los efectos extraterritoriales del Reglamento General de Protección de Datos de la Unión Europa GDPR.
Establecimientos educativos oficiales: potestades en materia de disposición de bienes fiscales
Authors: Ramírez Sierra Lucas
Published: June 2023

El presente artículo de reflexión pretende dilucidar el campo de acción de que disponen los establecimientos educativos oficiales en materia de disposición de bienes fiscales. Para ello se indagan los precisos alcances y limitantes de sus competencias contractuales en la materia y las eventuales responsabilidades derivadas de su irregular ejercicio, acudiendo para el efecto a fuentes jurídicas primarias y doctrinales. Se concluye en el sentido de señalar que tales posibilidades son restringidas y autorizan únicamente concesiones del uso de los bienes, sin permitir en ningún caso la transferencia de su dominio.
El hacinamiento carcelario en Colombia: ¿una realidad sin respuesta?
Authors: Mira González Clara María
Published: June 2023

Nils Christie en un libro publicado en los años 80s, señalaba lo siguiente frente al sistema carcelario: “La imposición de un castigo, dentro del marco de la ley, significa causar dolor, dolor deliberado. Ésta es una actividad que frecuentemente está en desacuerdo con los valores estimados, como la bondad y el perdón.” (Christie, 1983, p. 7).
Si este autor hubiese vivido las condiciones carcelarias que vive Colombia hoy, no solamente reflexionaría en torno a la forma en la que se impone el castigo, con dolor, por supuesto, sino que también, creería, pensaría y reflexionaría en lo cruel que se ha tornado el sistema carcelario, sin espacios, sin buena alimentación, con pocos programas exitosos de resocialización y bajo el amparo de una pena que moral y jurídicamente es reprochable frente a la posibilidad que ofrece de reinserción tanto política como laboral.
Incidencia de infecciones asociadas a dispositivos en unidades de cuidados intensivos adulto y pediátrica. Colombia, 2012-2021
Authors: Camacho Nuñez Lina Patricia , Montenegro Martínez Gino , Giraldo Gallo Erika , Henao Villegas Santiago
Published: June 2023

Objetivo: analizar la tendencia de las tasas de incidencia de las Infecciones Asociadas a Dispositivos en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos adulto y pediátrica en Colombia para el periodo 2012-2021. Métodos: estudio observacional descriptivo basado en el análisis de tendencias. Los datos de Infecciones Asociadas a Dispositivos (IAD) se tomaron de los informes de eventos publicados anualmente por el Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia en Salud Pública (SIVIGILA). Se realizaron estadísticas descriptivas y gráficos de tendencia, se utilizó el análisis de regresión joint-point para analizar el comportamiento de las tasas de incidencia. Resultados: las tasas de incidencia de las IAD notificadas presentan una tendencia fluctuante en el periodo 2012-2021 tanto en UCI adulto como en UCI pediátrica. La tasa de ITS AC en UCI adulto presenta una disminución estadísticamente significativa del año 2012 al 2019, no obstante, aumenta significativamente entre el 2019 y 2021. En la UCI pediátrica, la tasa de NAV desciende significativamente en el periodo 2014 a 2021, al igual que las ISTU AC. La tasa de ITS AC, muestra una tendencia creciente a lo largo del periodo. Conclusiones: existe una tendencia fluctuante de las tasas de incidencia de las IAD notificadas que se mantiene a lo largo del periodo observado en UCI adulto y pediátrica. Es importante reforzar las estrategias para la prevención, control y notificación de estos eventos de interés para la salud pública.
Factores asociados a casos probables de hipotiroidismo congénito en neonatos nacidos en Bucaramanga, Colombia
Authors: Fonseca Martínez Sofía Alejandra , Arenas Millán Laura Natalia , Rincón Orozco Bladimiro , Martínez Vega Ruth Aralí
Published: June 2023

Introducción: el hipotiroidismo congénito es un trastorno de la glándula tiroides en neonatos que se caracteriza por una baja producción de las hormonas tiroideas y conduce a daños irreversibles en el desarrollo psicomotor y cognitivo cuando se detecta tardíamente. El diagnóstico temprano de esta condición permite establecer un tratamiento y seguimiento efectivo del caso para evitar las consecuencias irreversibles inherentes a esta enfermedad. Métodos: estudio de casos y controles (1:4) anidado en una cohorte de neonatos del Hospital Universitario de Santander entre junio de 2014 y diciembre de 2016. Se consideraron casos probables de HC los neonatos con niveles de hormona estimulante de tiroides >15µU/mL en sangre de cordón o >10µU/mL en sangre de talón. Como controles se seleccionaron aleatoriamente 226 neonatos con niveles normales de hormona estimulante de tiroides. La información clínica y demográfica se consultó en las historias clínicas. Resultados: se tamizaron 6.180 neonatos detectándose 55 casos probables de HC para una prevalencia de 8,90 por 1.000 nacidos vivos (IC95 % 6,71–11,57). Los factores asociados con casos probables de HC fueron el control prenatal completo (ORa 0,30; IC95 % 0,11-0,87) y control prenatal incompleto (ORa 0,34; IC95 % 0,13-0,88) comparado con ningún control, ser madre primigestante (ORa 2,08; IC95 % 1,08-4,02), APGAR a los 5 minutos <9 (ORa 3,69; IC95 % 1,46-9,33) y bajo peso al nacer (ORa 3,04; IC95 % 1,13–8,19). Conclusiones: la prevalencia de HC fue más alta que en estudios previos, sin embargo, la prueba confirmatoria de tiroxina T4 no se realizó en el hospital. Estos factores se pueden utilizar para vigilar estrechamente que en todos los recién nacidos con estas características se realice la tamización, así como para priorizar la confirmación de los casos probables de HC.
Theoretical Structure of Dynamic GTAP
Authors: Ianchovichina Elena , McDougall Robert
Published: June 2023

This paper documents the foreign asset ownership and investment theory of the dynamic GTAP model (GTAP-Dyn). The new investment theory offers a disequilibrium approach to modeling endogenously international capital mobility. It permits a recursive solution procedure, a feature that allows easy implementation of dynamics into any static AGE model without imposing limitations on the model's size. The method involves treating time as a variable, not as an index. Having time as a variable allows the construction of dynamic GTAP with minimum modifications to the existing structure of GTAP, by separating the theory of static GTAP from the length of run.
Measuring the Impact of the Movement of Labor Using a Model of Bilateral Migration Flows
Authors: Walmsley Terrie , Winters Alan , Ahmed S. Amer
Published: June 2023

The economics literature increasingly recognizes the importance of migration and its ties with many other aspects of development and policy. Examples include the role of international remittances (Harrison et al, 2003) or those immigrant-links underpinning the migration-trade nexus (Gould, 1994). More recently Walmsley and Winters (2005) utilised a Global Migration model (GMig) to demonstrate that lifting restrictions on the movement of natural persons would significantly increase global welfare with the majority of benefits accruing to developing countries. Although an important result, the lack of bilateral labor migration data forced Walmsley and Winters (2005) to make approximations in important areas and naturally precluded their tracking bilateral migration agreements. In a new technical paper, Walmsley, Winters, and Ahmed incorporate bilateral labor flows into the GMig model developed by Walmsley and Winters (2005) to examine the impact of liberalizing the temporary movement of natural persons. Quotas on both skilled and unskilled temporary labor in the developed economies are increased by 3% of their labor forces. This additional labor is supplied by the developing economies. The results confirm that restrictions on the movement of natural persons impose significant costs on nearly all countries, and that those on unskilled labor are more burdensome than those on skilled labor. Developed economies increasing their skilled and unskilled labor forces by 3% raise the real incomes of their permanent residents. Most of those gains arise from the lifting of quotas on unskilled labor. On average the permanent residents of developing countries also gain in terms of real incomes from sending unskilled and skilled labor, albeit the gains are lower for skilled labor. While results differ across developing economies, most gain as a result of the higher remittances sent home.
Linking Partial and General Equilibrium Models: A GTAP Application Using TASTE
Authors: Narayanan Badri , Hertel Thomas , Horridge Mark
Published: June 2023

CGE models are utilized for the evaluation of trade policy reforms, yet they are typically highly aggregated, limiting their usefulness to trade negotiators interested in impacts at the tariff line. Partial Equilibrium (PE) models used for disaggregate analysis lack the benefits of an economy-wide analysis required to examine the overall impact of trade policy reforms. This suggests the need for a PE-GE, nested modeling framework to support trade policy analysis. In this paper, we develop a PE model that captures international trade, domestic consumption and output, using CET and CES structures, market clearing conditions and price linkages, nested within the standard GTAP Model. In addition, we extend the welfare decomposition of Huff and Hertel (2001) to this PE-GE model to contrast the sources of welfare gain among models. To illustrate the value-added of this model, we examine the impact of multi-lateral tariff liberalization on the Indian economy, with special focus on the auto sector, using PE, GE and PE-GE models. The PE model does not predict the change in overall size and price level for the industry well, while the GE model underestimates the aggregate welfare gain due to tariff averaging. It also fails to account for the change in industry composition resulting from trade reform. These findings are robust to wide variation in model parameters. We conclude that the linked model is superior to both the GE and PE counterparts.
Systematic Sensitivity Analysis with Respect to Correlated Variations in Parameters and Shocks
Authors: Horridge Mark , Pearson Ken
Published: June 2023

We show how you can carry out systematic sensitivity analysis (SSA) with respect to parameters and/or shocks, which vary according to a specified covariance matrix. You can use the existing SSA tools in RunGTAP or RunGEM to do this if your model is implemented in GEMPACK. Those SSA tools assume that all parameters or shocks are varying independently (i.e., the distributions of all parameters or shocks are uncorrelated) or together (i.e., are completely correlated). The techniques in this paper remove those restrictions. However, users need to make small modifications to the TAB file for the model. Different modifications are needed for different SSA scenarios. Further, the standard SSA procedure built into RunGTAP and RunGEM allows you to compute the sensitivity of model results either with respect to variations in parameter values or with respect to variations in shock values, but you cannot vary both parameters and shocks at the same time. Our discussion concentrates on the parameter case. However, we later show how shock variation may be modelled as a type of parameter variation. This opens the door to simultaneous variation of shocks and parameters. We include worked examples of the techniques described, based on the standard GTAP Model.
Analysis of Climate Policies with GDyn-E
Authors: Golub Alla
Published: June 2023

This paper documents GDyn-E CGE model developed for analysis of climate policies in dynamic GTAP framework. Description of the modeling framework is followed by a presentation of a simple application focused on emission leakage associated with a unilateral GHG abatement policy, analysis and decomposition of the emission leakage, and sensitivity analysis.
Agro-ecological Zone Emission Factor (AEZ-EF) Model (v47)
Authors: Plevin Richard , Gibbs Holly , Duffy James , Yui Sahoko , Yeh Sonia
Published: June 2023

The purpose of the agro-ecological zone emission factor model (AEZ-EF) is to estimate the total CO2-equivalent emissions from land use changes, e.g., from an analysis of biofuels impacts or policy analyses such as estimating the effect of changes in agricultural productivity on emissions from land use. The model combines matrices of carbon fluxes (Mg CO2/ha/y) with matrices of changes in land use (ha) according to land-use category as projected by GTAP or similar AEZ-oriented models. As published, AEZ-EF aggregates the carbon flows to the same 19 regions and 18 AEZs used by GTAP-BIO, the version of GTAP currently used by Purdue University researchers for modeling biofuel-induced ("indirect") land-use change (ILUC) (e.g., Tyner, Taheripour et al. 2010). The AEZ-EF model, however, is designed to work with an arbitrary number of regions, as described in the accompanying report.
Application of hybrid algorithms in an optimal allocation model of water and land resources
Authors: Wei Cong , Cheng Jilin , Jiang Yushan
Published: June 2023

Ensuring an optimal irrigation system and planting layout for crops in areas with water resource deficiencies is a complex process. A model of the optimal allocation of water and land resources for the irrigation system of the ‘reservoir and pumping station’ under crop rotation was established in this study. For the above complex nonlinear model, two-hybrid algorithms are proposed: (1) the decomposition aggregation dynamic programming (DADP) method and linear programming (LP) successive approximation algorithm [(DADP–LP)SA] and (2) the DADP algorithm based on the orthogonal design (OD) method (OD–DADP). The (DADP–LP)SA and OD–DADP algorithms were compared with the real-coded genetic algorithm (RGA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) to analyze the performance of the four algorithms. The developed algorithms were applied to the Gao'a irrigation area in the north of Jiangsu Province, China. The solution results showed that the annual output value of water-deficient irrigation areas was improved, and limited water and land resources were optimally allocated, demonstrating the feasibility of the two-hybrid algorithm. Moreover, through a comparative analysis of the optimality and applicability of the four algorithms, it can be observed that (DADP–LP)SA and OD–DADP are more suitable for optimizing the allocation of scarce water and land resources than RGA and PSO.