bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La demande d’eau potable à La Réunion : estimation à partir de données d’enquête
Authors: Binet Marie-Estelle , Carlevaro Fabrizio , Paul Michel
Published: February 2016

En utilisant les données d’une enquête auprès de ménages, réalisée dans le Département d’outre-mer de La Réunion, on spécifie et on estime dans cet article une fonction de demande micro-économétrique d’eau potable, dans le but d’identifier et de quantifier l’impact des déterminants de la consommation par les ménages de cette ressource qui connaît actuellement de fortes tensions d’exploitation. On modélise cette demande à l’aide d’une généralisation du système linéaire de dépenses permettant de différencier dans la consommation résidentielle d’eau une composante captive, indépendante des prix et du revenu du ménage, et une partie variable en fonction des prix et du revenu, susceptible d’être infléchie par une politique de prix appropriée. Les résultats des estimations réalisées en tenant compte d’éventuels biais de sélection révèlent l’importance de la consommation captive résultant tant des besoins essentiels du ménage que des usages extérieurs de l’eau. Dès lors, il convient de compléter les politiques tarifaires par d’autres mesures, telles des campagnes d’information ciblées sur les usages extérieurs de l’eau.
Une analyse empirique du lien entre investissement public et privé
Authors: Creel Jérôme , Hubert Paul , Saraceno Francesco
Published: February 2016

Nous étudions la relation entre investissement public et investissement privé non-résidentiel. Au niveau théorique, l’investissement public peut avoir deux effets contradictoires sur l’investissement privé : un effet d’éviction et un effet d’entraînement. À l’aide de différents modèles empiriques linéaires, appliqués à quatre pays de l’OCDE, nous cherchons à séparer ces deux effets. Nous étudions notamment un modèle VAR dans lequel l’investissement privé, la croissance du PIB et le taux d’intérêt interagissent et sont influencés par l’investissement public et la dette publique, entre autres. Nous vérifions dans quelle mesure la relation entre investissement public et privé varie au cours du temps et dépend du contexte macroéconomique. En outre, nous étudions les effets de débordement internationaux de l’investissement public. En France, l’effet d’entraînement semble l’emporter sur l’effet d’éviction tandis qu’aux États-Unis, un effet d’éviction, certes assez faible, émerge. Aucun résultat robuste ne ressort des données allemandes et britanniques.
Le plan Juncker peut-il nous sortir de l’ornière ?
Authors: Le Moigne Mathilde , Saraceno Francesco , Villemot Sébastien
Published: February 2016

Dans cet article nous effectuons un exercice quantitatif simple permettant d’évaluer l’impact du plan Juncker au sein de la zone euro et sa capacité à faire sortir les économies européennes de la situation de trappe à liquidités dans laquelle elles sont à présent. Nous estimons un modèle d’équilibre général intertemporel et stochastique (DSGE) de l’économie à partir de données agrégées sur la zone euro, dans lequel nous introduisons l’existence de capital public, dans l’esprit de ce qui a été proposé par Leeper et al. (2010). Nous simulons alors un plan d’investissement avec une composante publique et une composante privée, reproduisant l’effet de levier privé attendu dans le plan Juncker. Nous montrons qu’à l’état stationnaire, ce plan d’investissement public a un effet petit en magnitude, mais non négligeable. Nous simulons ensuite l’impact d’un tel plan lorsque l’économie se trouve en situation de trappe à liquidités (les taux d’intérêts nominaux se trouvant contraints à la borne zéro), et nous le comparons avec le plan de relance mis en place par l’administration Obama en 2009. Contrairement à ce que nous pensions, la différence de taille entre les deux plans de relance ne joue pas un rôle important lorsque les deux plans sont lancés immédiatement après l’entrée de l’économie à la borne de taux d’intérêt à zéro. Si en revanche les plans sont lancés plus tard, alors que l’économie est déjà bien installée dans une situation de trappe à liquidités, le plan Juncker paraît incapable de permettre une sortie de la récession, alors même que le plan Obama reste efficace. Nous concluons donc que le plan Juncker est trop petit dans ses montants parce que trop tardif dans sa mise en place. Il aurait dû être lancé beaucoup plus tôt, ou alors concerner des sommes beaucoup plus importantes. Dans sa configuration actuelle, il y a de fortes chances qu’il ne soit pas suffisant pas pour sortir les économies européennes de la récession.
L’avènement juridique de la victime en droit international pénal : après le silence... beaucoup de bruit pour rien ?
Authors: Prouvèze Rémy
Published: February 2016

Avant un véritable avènement juridique en droit international pénal, la victime s’est retrouvée confrontée au silence (ou presque) des premières expériences juridictionnelles et premiers instruments juridiques en la matière. Ce silence va petit à petit être troublé par un vacarme médiatique qui se révèlera dans une certaine mesure influent, conduisant notamment à l’adoption du Statut de Rome. Cette étape décisive dans la reconnaissance des victimes par la justice internationale pénale a été saluée par un concert de louanges qui pourrait cependant tourner court du fait d’une certaine « prudence » jurisprudentielle de la CPI notamment, ramenant les victimes au silence.
Vers une objectivation de la responsabilité civile dans l’intérêt des victimes
Authors: Steinlé-Feuerbach Marie-France
Published: February 2016

Vers la fin du xix e siècle le droit français de la responsabilité civile a entamé un mouvement d’objectivation en faveur des victimes. L’évolution du droit marque une tendance à une indemnisation facilitée et plus équitable des préjudices. Les voies empruntées pour atteindre ce but sont multiples, hétérogènes et sectorielles. Le paysage indemnitaire est vaste et varié. L’évolution de notre droit de la responsabilité civile n’est pas achevée, l’harmonie et l’équilibre lui font encore défaut. Le xxi e siècle sera-t-il celui de la victime objective ?
Les lois mémorielles, ou la victimisation institutionnelle
Authors: Fortier Charles
Published: February 2016

Les « lois mémorielles », dont l’objet visible est de reconnaître et de qualifier un épisode de l’histoire, sont au fond l’expression même de l’avènement juridique contemporain de la victime : leur motivation compassionnelle est assumée. Mais en consacrant des catégories de victimes par la voie symbolique de la loi, l’État brouille d’un même mouvement des repères fondamentaux des ordres constitutionnel, pénal et social — au prix de la désubstantification de la notion de victime, et sans atteindre son objectif d’enrichissement de la mémoire collective.
De l’ homo sacer à la « victime vicaire »
Authors: Bernabé Boris
Published: February 2016

Les lignes qui suivent tentent une restitution de la pensée juridique sur l’ homo sacer romain, et de la pensée de Michel Serres sur la notion de « victime vicaire ». La réunion des deux horizons permet le renversement de la notion de victime telle qu’elle se présente aujourd’hui, catalyseur de compassion. En scrutant les replis de notre culture et de notre histoire, nous prenons conscience de la nature coupable de la victime – nature profondément paradoxale qui (second paradoxe) fonde notre société.
Stimulating Research Interest and Ambitions in Undergraduate Nursing Students: The Research-Doctorate Pipeline Initiative
Authors: Smith Carolyn R. , Martsolf Donna S. , Draucker Claire Burke , Shambley-Ebron Donna Z. , Pritchard Tracy J. , Maler Jeffrey
Published: February 2016

Background:

Innovative strategies may support the Institute of Medicine's recommendation to increase the number of doctorally prepared nurses by 50% by 2020. Moreover, strategies implemented may increase the number and diversity of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)-prepared nurses in particular.

Method:

The purpose of this article is to describe the approaches used by one college of nursing to enact a research-doctorate pipeline initiative to inspire a diverse pool of undergraduate students to consider pursuing a PhD degree. Principles that served as the foundation for this pipeline initiative are identified.

Results:

Sixteen undergraduate students, with varying degrees of research interest, participated in this initiative. Students contributed an average of 35 hours as full members of research teams, and 94% completed the experience. Students with initial low interest in research reported enhanced interest after participation. Overall student experiences were positive and influenced future career plans.

Conclusion:

Lessons learned and future steps for the pipeline initiative are presented. [
J Nurs Educ.
2016;55(3):133–140.]
EPQ Inventory Models under mλ-Measure
Authors: Soni Hardik N. , Suthar Shivangi
Published: February 2016

This chapter considers an EPQ model with and without shortages under linear combination of Possibility measure and Necessity measure. Based on the possibility measure and necessity measure, m? -measure is introduced and some important properties are discussed. To capture the real life situation, various EPQ model parameters for instance, demand, setup cost, holding cost and backorder cost are characterized as Trapezoidal Fuzzy Number. Two fuzzy chance-constrained programming models are constructed under m?-measure. The objective is to determine optimistic and pessimistic values of the fuzzy objective function with some predefined degree of m?-measure. Using fuzzy arithmetical operations under Function Principle, the fuzzy problem is first transferred to an equivalent crisp problem. An analytical approach is developed to resolve the reduced models. To investigate the characteristics of the proposed model and to obtain the optimal decision under different situations, numerical illustrations are presented along with a sensitivity analysis.
Application of Simulation Techniques
Authors: Meitei Ningombam Sanjib , Banerjee Snigdha
Published: February 2016

In the present work, we provide a simulated inventory model incorporating multiple stochastic factors affecting an inventory model. This can provide solutions to managerial problems faced by retailers that have been addressed through the Single period problem (SPP) models. For a time dependent SPP with multiple discounts of random amounts at random time points, we consider a model wherein the factors demand rate, lead-time, number of discounts during a season, discount rates, time epoch at which a new discount rate is offered are stochastic. We provide solution procedures as pseudo algorithms for simulating near optimal order quantity and estimate of rate of price decline as well as optimal values of order quantity and total expected profit for a given value of initial selling price. Illustrative examples are presented in order to enable the researchers to be able to apply the methodology explained. The technique for estimating the probability that a business system shall be profitable or be a loss venture is demonstrated using numerical example.
Energy-Efficient Routing Techniques for Wireless Sensors Networks
Authors: Osamaa Asmaa , El-Said Shaimaa Ahmed , Hassanien Aboul Ella
Published: February 2016

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), which normally consist of hundreds or thousands of sensor nodes each capable of sensing, processing, and transmitting environmental information, are deployed to monitor certain physical phenomena or to detect and track certain objects in an area of interests. The sensor nodes in WSN transmit data depending on local information and parameters such as signal strength, power consumption, location of data collection and accretion. Only reachable nodes are able to communicate with each other directly to collect and transmit data. The motes have limited energy resources along with constraints on its computational and storage capabilities. Thus, innovative techniques that eliminate energy inefficiencies that would shorten the lifetime of the network are highly required. Such constraints combined with a typical deployment of large number of sensor nodes pose many challenges to the design and management of WSNs and necessitate energy-awareness at all layers of the networking protocol stack. In this chapter, we present a survey of the state-of-the-art routing techniques in WSNs that take into consideration the energy issue.
Fuzzy Logic Based Approach for Power System Fault Section Analysis
Authors: Dugaya Neeti , Shandilya Smita
Published: February 2016

In this chapter, a fuzzy expert system is developed to assist the operators in fault detection. It requires much less memory to store the database (power system topology and the post fault status of circuit breakers and protective relays). The fuzzy expert system identifies two basic network section sets, Shealthy for the healthy sub network and Sisland for the fault islands, using the post fault status of circuit breakers and relays. It then calculates membership function for each possible fault section. The objective of this calculation is to determine the likelihood of each candidate fault section as the actual fault section. Moreover membership functions provide a convenient means of ranking among possible (or candidate) fault sections, and are the most important factors in decision making. During decision making, the most possible fault section is determined by maximum selection method. In this method most possible fault section is the one which is having highest membership grade. MATLAB code for the proposed scheme is developed and the results obtained in four cases for a power- system network.
Restructuring Power Industry in India
Authors: Pathak Kashika Dubey
Published: February 2016

Since the beginning of the nineties decade, many nations have undergone a change in the method of operations of the power network. The power sector was switched to open access market from vertically integrated market. The reasons for this change are many and they differ from nation to nation. The developing countries faced the problem of high demand growth along with irrational tariff policies and lack of efficiency in managing the power system. On the contrary, the developed countries restructured the power sector to provide electricity at lower prices and give the customers a number of operators to choose from. In short, the goal of restructuring is to encourage competition in the market along with providing consumers with more choices in purchasing economic energy and economic benefits. This might seem to be less complex but involves several issues which are discussed further. This chapter describes this restructuring of power sector with special reference to Indian scenario.
E Commerce as a Tool for Resource Expansion
Authors: Ojo Marianne
Published: February 2016

This chapter is aimed at illustrating how the potential of E commerce as a tool for resource expansion, can be maximized where information gaps, asymmetries, and more specifically, implementation gaps are addressed and mitigated. Engaging stakeholders, as well as bright line rules - distinguished from principles, at relevant phases and stages of mediation process between agents and stakeholders, would not only serve to foster greater accountability, but also ensure that better enforcement mechanisms are in place. Hence chapter illustrates how the stakeholder theory can be considered to be consistent with value maximization. Whilst incomplete contracts provide benefits of flexibility, they have also been criticized for facilitating lack of clarity in respect of objectives, focus and accountability in the decision making process. Furthermore, through the engagement of stakeholders, as well as appropriate forms of regulation, the chapter will also, simultaneously, illustrate how a “properly constructed Balanced Scorecard” can comprehensively communicate enterprises' business strategies.
China's E-Tailing Blossom
Authors: Liang Bo , Tu Yanbin , Cline Thomas , Ma Zhongyu
Published: February 2016

E-tailing has a dynamic ecosystem different from traditional retailing. To the best of our knowledge, there are few case studies scientifically grounded yet practical. Nonetheless, this is the authors' goal with this book chapter. A case study of China's e-tailing is needed because China is the largest emerging market as well as the largest e-retailing market in the world. Moreover, e-tailing provides one of the most effective ways for foreign retailers to enter China's impressive retail market. This case study will explore the underlying reasons for the success of China's e-tailing market by investigating the elements of China's e-tailing ecosystem. This study will further investigate the major players in China's e-tailing market, with a focus on the Alibaba Group, China's largest e-tailing company. This study will address Alibaba's e-tailing strategies and practices by comparing Alibaba and its major domestic and global competitors (e.g., Amazon).
Opinion Leaders Go Online
Authors: Vollero Agostino , Siano Alfonso , Sardanelli Domenico
Published: February 2016

“Social influence” in innovative e-retailing environments increasingly seems to have an important impact on online buying behavior. This chapter addresses this issue, focusing on the role of online opinion leaders. The opinion leadership construct has been associated with innovative behavior as well as with the early adoption of electronic shopping technologies. Despite these assumptions, little is known about online opinion leaders and their characteristics in e-retailing environments. The aim of the chapter is twofold: to identify the main features of opinion leaders in digital contexts and, by means of an exploratory empirical study, to analyse whether they have an impact on the purchase decisions of high involvement products, by explaining from where opinion leaders derive their skills.
Role of Media in Success of E-Tailing
Authors: Singh Surabhi
Published: February 2016

This chapter proposes to bring forth insights as how media contributes in e-tailing. The success of online retailers owe to the role which media plays in changing the consumer mind. India's retail market value was estimated at $520 billion in 2013, and is expected to grow to $950 billion by 2018. With a CAGR currently pegged at 13%, the Indian e-commerce market is expected to grow the fastest within the Asia-Pacific Region – with its market size doubling every 2-2.5 years. This certainly gives us reason for deep introspection. While the global growth rate of online shoppers is estimated at 8-10%, India currently has more than 10 million online shoppers. With the evolution of the online marketplace, sites like Flipkart, Snapdeal, Jabong and Myntra are thriving which has risen the practice of buying goods online. The media has definitely played vital role in shaping the online retail business.
Competing Through Logistics Management
Authors: Lu Yaqiong , Liu Zheng , Ma Lei
Published: February 2016

In the past 10 years, e-commerce and e-retailing have developed rapidly in China, the largest emerging country. Due to the increasingly more competition in this industry, a fast and reliably delivery is important to win customer satisfaction. Despite of the fact that many e-retailing companies are running virtual network by outsourcing logistics to third parties, there is also a trend for companies to establish their own logistics channels. In fact, self-owned logistics can be an effective approach of marketing and customer relationship development, and thus provide competitive advantage. This chapter focuses on how Chinese e-retailing companies compete through logistics management. It starts with an introduction of e-retailing and logistics management from practice and literature perspectives. Then, there are cases studies into successful Chinese re-retailing companies with a highlight on their logistics management models and customer satisfaction based on initial survey. Further discussion will address the critical issues of logistics management in e-retailing.
Exploring the Role of Web-Based Learning in Global Education
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: February 2016

This chapter aims to explore the role of web-based learning (WBL) in global education, thus describing the theoretical and practical overview of WBL, the multifaceted applications of WBL tools in educational settings, the application of web-based language learning, the application of web-based problem-solving activities, and the significance of WBL in global education. The fulfillment of WBL is vital for schools that seek to serve students and educators, improve educational performance, enhance competitiveness, and reach continuous achievement in global education. Therefore, it is necessary for schools to explore their WBL, establish a strategic plan to usually check their technological advancements, and immediately respond to the WBL needs of students and educators. The chapter argues that applying WBL in global education has the potential to increase organizational performance and reach educational goals in the digital age.
Surviving the Conflict of Self-Inflicted Organizational Crises
Authors: Pyle Andrew S.
Published: February 2016

Social media platforms provide channels for both individuals and organizations to engage with global audiences. A successful social media message can reach millions, and shape the way publics view a particular person, group, or cause. As organizations become more engaged with publics through social media platforms, a new area of organizational risk has also developed. It is possible for an organization to create a self-inflicted crisis through the unintentional transmission of a poorly worded or ill-conceived social media message. This type of self-induced crisis event creates organizational conflict that must be managed quickly. This chapter explores three cases of organizational conflict resulting from self-inflicted crisis events. All three events caused major conversations to erupt on social media platforms. The author examines the social media-based communication practices of three organizations and draws lessons from both successes and failures for how organizations should respond to self-inflicted crises.
Communities of Practice in Organizational Learning Strategies
Authors: Perez-Montoro Mario , Sanz Sandra
Published: February 2016

In recent years, the interest in and development of communities of practice (CoPs) has undergone exponential growth. However, this uncontrolled expansion has, to a large extent, led to the name of community of practice being attributed to working groups or communities that are not communities of practice. The aim of this work is to shed a little light on this confusion and identify and characterise communities of practice compared with other types of groups or organizational structures. To achieve it, first of all, we are going to introduce an intuitive and agreed definition of community of practice. In a second movement, we will identify and define the principal groups or organizational structures that are used, besides communities of practice, by organizations to improve their strategies when meeting these aims that they are pursuing. We will then present a comparison between these organizational structures or groups and communities of practice. The chapter ends by offering a number of conclusions and providing some guidelines on the future development of communities of practice.
Leadership Communication, Internal Marketing, and Employee Engagement
Authors: Mishra Karen E. , Mishra Aneil K. , Walker Khaner
Published: February 2016

This chapter examines the internal communication practices of Lenovo, a $39 billion Fortune Global 500 technology company, and the world's largest PC vendor. In particular, this study examines how this company uses social media as a form of internal marketing to foster employee engagement. Internal communications (or internal marketing) is generally led by marketing or PR professionals with expertise in human resources, public relations, marketing, social media, and/or employee engagement. One new way that companies are extending internal communication is by developing the use of their company intranets. Intranets can support an organization by sharing accurate leadership communication and company information on a timely basis to develop trust with employees and encourage them to act as brand ambassadors. This chapter describes how Lenovo has developed and uses its Lenovo Central intranet to engage employees in its mission and vision.
PSSRC
Authors: He Qian , Zhao Baokang , Chang Liang , Su Jinshu , You Ilsun
Published: February 2016

The Universal Description, Discovery and Integration (UDDI) registry is widely used for organizing Web services in the Internet, but it cannot meet the requirement of organizing massive Web services in the cloud computing environment. In this paper, a Web service registration cloud based on structured P2P and semantics (PSSRC) is presented. On the one hand, PSSRC works on a structured P2P overlay which is organized by using Pastry in multiple registration nodes, where each registration node is composed of seven modules namely system configuration, schedule and distribution, P2P communication, access and control, UDDI, resources monitoring, and semantic process. On the other hand, a semantic ontology database named WordNet is used to process semantic queries in PSSRC. PSSRC inherits the advantage of UDDI in that the registration and discovery of Web services are transparent to Web services providers. Furthermore, it is shown by experiment that the capacity of PSSRC can be extended dynamically, and both semantic queries and large scalable accesses are well supported.
I-BAT
Authors: Jara Antonio J. , Dufour Luc , Rizzo Gianluca , Pawlowski Marcin Piotr , Genoud Dominique , Cotting Alexandre , Bocchi Yann , Chabbey Francois
Published: February 2016

Microgrids present the challenge to reach a proper balance between local production and consumption, in order to reduce the usage of energy from external sources. This work presents a data-intensive solution to predict the energy behaviors. Thereby, control actions can be carried out such as decrease heating systems levels and switch of low-priority devices. For this purpose, this work has deployed an Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) based on the Internet of Things (IoT) in the Techno-Pole testbed. This deployment provides the data from energy-related parameters such as load curves of the overall building through Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM), a wireless network of IoT-based smart meters to measure and control appliances, and finally the generated power curve by 2000 square meters of photovoltaic panels. The prediction model proposed is based on recognition of electrical signatures. These electrical signatures have been used to detect complex usage patterns. The modelled patterns have allowed to identify the work day of the week, and predict the load and generation curves for 15 minutes with accuracy over the 90%. This short-term prediction allows one to carry out the proper actions in order to balance the microgrid status (i.e., get a proper balance between production and consumption with respect to worked requirements).
Influence of Technological Parameters on Surface Quality of Injection-Molded Parts
Authors: Čop Jiří , Pata Vladimír , Bílek Ondřej
Published: February 2016

In the most cases manufacturing of injection mold and its cavities comprise more than half of the total production time. Very fine finishing operations can increase production time and cost of injection mold. Appropriate choice of finishing operations and injection technological parameters can reduce price of injection mold production, shorten production time and thus lower price of small and thin injection molded parts. Tool material X38CrMoV5-1, used for cavity in injection mold, was finished by fine turning, grinding, lapping and polishing with different technological conditions to achieve various surface roughness. The main aim of this research is to find an influence of surface quality of cavity and injection technological parameters on the surface quality of injection molded parts.
A Study on the Grindability of Engineering Plastics and Metals
Authors: Bílek Ondřej , Baďurová Jitka , Čop Jiří
Published: February 2016

In this study, the surface grinding was performed at different feed rates and depth of cuts. Grindability of engineering thermoplastics and metals was evaluated. Further, important process parameters influencing surface quality were determined using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Experimental results compared two significantly different groups of materials in order to emphasize common variables. Finally, further research directions were presented to seek for functional relation between process parameters and grindability.
Dynamic Programming Approach in the Optimization of Tool Life in Turning Process of Duplex Stainless Steel DSS
Authors: Metelski Andrzej , Krile Srecko , Maruda Radoslaw W. , Legutko Stanislaw , Krolczyk Grzegorz M.
Published: February 2016

The paper presents the application of dynamic programming for optimization of cutting parameters of Duplex Stainless Steels (DSS). In this work, modified Dijkstra's optimization algorithm is used in order to obtain the optimal values of the technological cutting parameters with coated carbide tool point. ANOVA analysis was performed to determine the significance of machining parameters. The results at optimum cutting condition are predicted using estimated values. The study was performed within a production facility during the machining of electric motor parts and deep-well pumps.
Stiffness of Technological System and Final Accuracy of Turned and Milled Parts
Authors: Murčinková Zuzana , Vasilko Karol
Published: February 2016

The paper analyzes static stiffness of technological system machine tool - cutting tool - workpiece as one of factors affecting machined part accuracy. It focuses on turning and milling and their tool and workpiece characteristics as size, geometry, stiffness, tool wear, clamping etc. The paper identifies inaccuracies as a result of deformation of elastic component joints during acting the cutting and clamping forces. The paper provides final shapes and its deviations from ideal shape. The analysed results are obtained either by numerical simulation or by experiment. Finding the deviations generating mechanisms, it is possible to link dimensional, geometric and surface accuracy of workpiece to specific elements of technological system that is the significant point of the machine and tool design.
Influence of Machining Parameters on Surface Topography of Cubic Boron Nitride at Rotary Ultrasonic Machining
Authors: Kuruc Marcel , Kusý Martin , Šimna Vladimír , Peterka Jozef
Published: February 2016

Poly-crystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) is one of the hardest known material. Therefore only advanced methods are able to treat such material. Advanced machining methods, proper for machining of hard and brittle materials (such as glass and ceramics) include rotary ultrasonic machining (RUM). This method should achieve high precision and low surface roughness (at least during machining of materials such as ceramics). Achievable roughness is affected by machined material and machining parameters. This contribution investigates influence of machining parameters, such as cutting speed and feed rate, on resultant surface roughness during machining of PCBN by rotary ultrasonic machining.
Choosing Appropriate Interatomic Potentials for Nanometric Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulations
Authors: Oluwajobi Akinjide O. , Chen Xun
Published: February 2016

There is a need to choose appropriate interatomic empirical potentials for the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of nanomachining, so as to represent chip formation and other cutting processes reliably. Popularly applied potentials namely; Lennard-Jones (LJ), Morse, Embedded Atom Method (EAM) and Tersoff were employed in the molecular dynamics simulation of nanometric machining of copper workpiece with diamond tool. The EAM potentials were used for the modelling of the copper-copper atom interactions. The pairs of EAM-Morse and EAM-LJ were used for the workpiece-tool (copper-diamond) atomic interface. The Tersoff potential was used for the carbon-carbon interactions in the diamond tool. Multi-pass simulations were carried out and it was observed that the EAM-LJ and the EAM-Morse pair potentials with the tool modelled as deformable with Tersoff potential were best suitable for the simulation. The former exhibit the lowest cutting forces and the latter has the lowest potential energy.
The Influence of Copy Strategy on the Tool Life of Ball End Mills and Achieved Surface Roughness
Authors: Vopát Tomáš , Peterka Jozef , Šimna Vladimír , Buranský Ivan
Published: February 2016

The article deals with the tool life of ball nose end mills and surface roughness of steel C45 depending on up-copying and down-copying. The cemented carbide and high speed steel was used as tool material. Furthermore, the new and sharpened cutting tools were also compared. In the experiment, the cutting speed, feed rate, axial and radial depth of cut were not changed. The results show different achieved surface roughness of machined material C45 and tool life of ball nose end mills depending on the copy milling strategy for various tool materials.
An Analytical Study of Energy Partition in Grinding
Authors: Gostimirović Marin , Pucovsky Vladimir , Kovač Pavel , Sekulić Milenko , Savković Borislav
Published: February 2016

This paper indicates the occurrence of high thermal energy in the surface layer of workpiece material during the process of grinding. To help identify the share of heat which affects the workpiece, firstly the analysis of past research in the field of heat transfer during grinding was conducted. Further there is a proposition of analytical expression for heat distribution factor to the workpiece in the grinding process. Goal of this analytical dependence is to achieve more efficient production of mechanical parts without thermal defects in the surface layer of the part. Presented equation for energy partition has a characteristic of widespread practical use.
Influence of Cutting Data on the Thin Wall Deformation in Milling of Difficult to Cut Materials
Authors: Ślusarczyk Łukasz , Matras Andrzej
Published: February 2016

The paper presents the results of milling tests of aluminum alloy with a sintered carbide tool. For selected sets of cutting data, the thin wall deformation of the workpieces was analyzed. Theoretical calculations were compared with the experimental measurements, using the high speed camera and FEM analysis.
Gluten sensitivity and neurological manifestations
Authors: Berio Agostino , Mangiante Giuseppe , Mariottini Gian Luigi , Piazzi Attilia
Published: February 2016

The authors report on six cases of gluten-sensitivity, also defined non-celiac gluten sensitivity, characterized by abdominal features (diarrhea, bloating, pain), genetic positivity for predisposition to celiac disease (DQB1* 02 in all cases; DQA1*05 in three; DQA1*02 in two, DQB1*03 in two), negative anti-t-Transglutaminase antibodies, normal mucosa on biopsy in four cases, type 1 of Marsh in one case. The subjects presented frequent central nervous system (CNS) symptoms: headache in three patients, somnolence in one, electroencephalogram aspecific alterations in three (in two of them with previous seizures), leptomeningeal cyst in one, intracranial calcification in one, cerebral gliosis in two. After a gluten-free diet, all intestinal and clinical CNS features remitted, but re-appeared after gluten reintroduction. On the basis of the neurological signs, the authors stress the relevance of immune innate system in the pathogenesis of these cases with possible subsequent evolution on immune adaptive system involvement.
Study of animal remains dug out during the excavations of a Nuragic village in Sardinia
Authors: Portas Laura , Bagella Stefania , Farina Vittorio , Carcupino Marcella , Cacchioli Antonio , Gazza Ferdinando , Zedda Marco
Published: February 2016

This paper presents the results of the zooarchaeological analysis of the faunal materials brought to light during the excavations set up in the Nuragic village surrounding the Santu Antine Nuraghe, near Torralba (Sassari), Sardinia. Precisely, the remains come from the structure of the village named by archaeologists hut 12. They are 779 specimens out of thousands animal remains from the whole archaeological site. The majority of the rests belong to sheep (Ovis aries) or goats (Capra hircus), cattle (Bos taurus), pigs (Sus scrofa) and deers (Cervus elaphus). Such material may provide suggestions about the productive use of animals in the village and point out the importance of the economical management of animals in the Nuragic society. Indeed, many remains show signs with human origin, which testify that the hut may have been a workplace where bone fragments were processed to obtain different kind of tools.
Prevalence of opportunistic fungi and their possible role in postpartum endometritis in dairy cows
Authors: Derakhshandeh Abdollah , Aghamiri Seyed Morteza , Ahmadi Mohammad Rahim , Mirzaei Abdollah
Published: February 2016

The aim of this study was to identify fungal infections by culture from uterine lavages of 172 Holstein dairy cows between 25 and 35 days postpartum and two weeks later. In the first examination, 61/172 (35.5%) cows were suffering from clinical endometritis. The positive rate of fungal growth was fifteen (8.7 %) swabs and the remaining 157 (91.3%) showed no fungal growth. The most frequently isolated fungi were Aspergillus spp. (60%) followed by Penicillium spp. (26%) and Yeast (13%). In the second examination, 20/128 (16%) cows showed endometritis. Nine (5.5%) swabs were fungal positive. No significant differences between cows with positive and negative fungal cultures in the percentage of polymorphonuclear leukocytes of cytological samples were seen. In conclusion, treatment of cows affected with postpartum endometritis with intrauterine infusion of oxytetracycline, hygiene of bed, number of cows in one yard, age and parity of cows may cause increase in incidence of mycotic endometritis.
Hallmarks of irresponsible and unresponsive governance: Internal xenophobic attacks in South Africa’s municipalities
Authors: Makwembere S
Published: February 2016

Municipalities face major pressures to demonstrate that they are responsible and responsive institutions. At present, different policies and institutions exist to guide local governance in pursuit of numerous ideals through various assigned roles and responsibilities. Broadly, the latter involve government’s vision of participatory development, citizen engagement and innovative service delivery amongst other things. Xenophobia has been a particular challenge to the South African government’s vision for local governance, especially due to its complex contributing factors. Using document analysis, this article discusses issues around citizenship and regionalism as suggested in policies and strategies on local governance in view of the realities of xenophobic attacks. The experiences of marginalised migrants as stakeholders of local governance reveal the paradoxes of xenophobic attacks as local governance agenda on responsibility and responsiveness this article suggests implications of the conceptualisation of citizenship and regionalism in municipal approaches to local governance. Political and economic restructuring associated with local governance goals are undoubtedly shape constructions of citizenship and regionalism. As sustainable solutions to the problem of xenophobia are yet to be achieved, this article concludes by offering possible routes to local governance that broaden what is conceptualised as responsible and responsive vision and action in addressing xenophobia.
Xenophobic attacks on foreign shop owners and street vendors in Louis Trichardt Central Business District, Limpopo Province
Authors: Mothibi Kholofelo , Roelofse Cornelis , Tshivhase Thompho
Published: February 2016

Xenophobic attacks in South Africa in 2008 and 2015 sent shockwaves through the country and the world. In these events, around 70 people were killed while thousands were displaced; and, property and products of street vendors and shop owners were destroyed. This phenomenological research project is confined to Louis Trichardt in Limpopo Province wherefrom a cohort of foreign street vendors and shop owners were interviewed. The lived experiences of being verbally and physically abused as well as of some acquaintances being killed, has clearly left them traumatised and living in fear. The article finds that contributory factors to xenophobic attacks experienced by foreign shop owners and street vendors range from competition over scarce resources, stereotypes and inter-group anxiety. Finally, it offers some recommendations about education for South Africans and measured police action.
Uncommon Causes of Acute Abdominal Pain – A Pictorial Essay
Authors: Hariharan Mahesh , Balasubramaniam Rajan , Shetty Sharath Kumar , Yadavalli Shanthala , Ahetasham Mohammed , Devarapalli Sravya
Published: February 2016

Acute abdomen is one of the most common clinical conditions requiring a radiological investigation. Ultrasound is the primary modality of choice which can diagnose some of the common causes of acute abdomen. However, sometimes the underlying cause for the pain is far more complicated than expected mandating a high degree of suspicion to suggest further investigation with contrast enhanced computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Here, we have compiled a comprehensive series of selected cases to highlight the conditions which can be easily overlooked unless carefully sought for. This article also emphasizes the importance of multimodality approach to arrive at the final diagnosis with an increased overall diagnostic accuracy which in turn improves patient management and prognosis.
Верхние оценки модулей нулей аппроксимаций Эрмита-Паде для набора экспоненциальных функций
Authors: Starovoitov Alexander Pavlovich , Kechko Elena Petrovna
Published: February 2016

В работе установлены верхние оценки модулей нулей аппроксимаций
Эрмита-Паде I типа для системы экспонент
$\{e^{\lambda_pz}\}_{p=0}^k$, где $\{\lambda_p\}_{p=0}^k$ -
произвольные различные комплексные числа.
Доказанные утверждения дополняют и обобщают известные результаты
Э. Саффа и Р. Варги, Г. Шталя, Ф. Вилонского о поведении нулей
аппроксимаций Эрмита-Паде
для набора экспонент $\{e^{pz}\}_{p=0}^k$.
Библиография: 37 названий.
О многослойных пленках на границе полупространства
Authors: Kholodovskii Svyatoslav Evgen'evich
Published: February 2016

Выведены обобщенные граничные условия на многослойных пленках,
ограничивающих полупространство и состоящих из чередующихся
бесконечно тонких сильно- и слабо проницаемых прослоек. Получены
формулы, выражающие в однократных квадратурах решение задачи для
уравнения Лапласа в полуплоскости $D$, ограниченной трехслойной
пленкой, через решение классической задачи Дирихле в $D$
без пленки.
Библиография: 6 названий.
Generación espontánea
Authors: Castellanos Gómez Raul
Published: February 2016

“Cada quince años cambia el cariz de la vida.”
JOSÉ ORTEGA Y GASSET
A statistical study on the shape and position of the magnetotail neutral sheet
Authors: Xiao Sudong , Zhang Tielong , Ge Yasong , Wang Guoqiang , Baumjohann Wolfgang , Nakamura Rumi
Published: February 2016

Abstract. We study the average shape and position of the magnetotail neutral sheet based on magnetic field data obtained by Cluster, Geotail, TC-1, and THEMIS from the years 1995 to 2013. All data in the aberrated GSM (geocentric solar magnetospheric) coordinate system are normalized to the same solar wind pressure 2 nPa and downtail distance X ∼ −20RE. Our results show characteristics of the neutral sheet, as follows. (1) The neutral sheet assumes a greater degree of curve in the YZ cross section when the dipole tilt increases, the Earth dipole tilt angle affects the neutral sheet configuration not only in the YZ cross section but also in the XY cross section, and the neutral sheet assumes a more significant degree of tilt in the XY cross section when the dipole tilt increases. (2) Counterclockwise twisting of the neutral sheet with 3.10° is observed, looking along the downtail direction, for the positive interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) BY with a value of 3 to 8 nT, and clockwise twisting of the neutral sheet with 3.37° for the negative IMF BY with a value of −8 to −3 nT, and a northward IMF can result in a greater twisting of the near-tail neutral sheet than southward. The above results can be a reference to the neutral sheet model. Our large database also shows that the displaced ellipse model is effective to study the average shape of the neutral sheet with proper parameters when the dipole tilt angle is larger (less) than 10° (−10° ).
Percepción de la calidad de vida de cuidadores de pacientes asistentes a un programa de crónicos, Villavicencio, Meta
Authors: Galvis-López Clara Rocío , Aponte-Garzón Luz H. , Pinzón-Rocha María L.
Published: February 2016

Objetivo: determinar la percepción de la calidad de vida de cuidadores informales de adultos que padecen enfermedad crónica, que asisten al Programa de Crónicos de la Empresa Social del Estado de Villavicencio, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo, de abordaje cuantitativo y de corte transversal en cuidadores informales (n = 180) de adultos crónico usuarios del Programa de Promoción y Prevención de Crónicos. Con los cuidadores se utilizó el instrumento Calidad de Vida (QOL) versión familiar de Ferrell y Grant, y para valorar la funcionalidad de los pacientes crónicos, se usó el perfil Pulses adaptado por Granger. Se determinan rangos de puntaje, medidas de tendencia central y dispersión para los dominios de bienestar y calidad de vida. Resultados: en la mayoría de los cuidadores se evidenció que los dominios de bienestar físico y social no se encuentran afectados, y las dimensiones de bienestar psicológico y espiritual están en nivel medio, al igual que la calidad de vida. Conclusiones: para la enfermería, los resultados pueden orientar procesos de capacitación a fin de fortalecer habilidades de cuidado en cuidadores que permitan promover la salud y el bienestar, evitar el deterioro de la calidad de vida y cuidar oportunamente y en mejores condiciones al familiar que padece enfermedad crónica.
The Theme of “Alien Other” and “Imagined” Landscape in Australian Literary Tradition
Authors: Zhang Chunyan
Published: February 2016

In Australian culture, framed by both Western conceptions of nature and Australian colonial experience, traditional aesthetics and ideologies had negative attitudes towards the “wilderness”. Therefore in the major 19th century Australian literary tradition, the antagonistic relationship between man and nature was prevalent, which is demonstrated through the theme of “wild” nature, in which the Australian “wild”landscape was constructed as “alien other” and “imagined”.
Drinking the Elixir of Nostalgia: Reading Annie Proulx’s “What Kind of Furniture Would Jesus Pick”
Authors: Liu Xiaojuan
Published: February 2016

This essay attempts to interpret contemporary American Writer, Annie Proulx’s short story “What Kind of Furniture Would Jesus Pick,” included in Bad Dirt: Wyoming Stories II. Applying related historical, sociological, and cultural data and researches, the essay approaches the story by close reading. By exploring the protagonist, Gilbert’s quest for the past values and ethics of the Old West in the contemporary world, this essay presents Proulx’s ambiguous attitude towards those who abides to the old values, despite the sweeping changes. The author argues that Proulxhas shown her views of the oft-discussed issue—nostalgia or progress—in literature, and brought it to a new and profound existential level—a to-be or not-to-be business. At the same time, Proulx has deconstructed American “dime novels” and exposed the delusive nature of this Old West inheritance. Being criticized to be the “new voice”of American Western literature, Proulx has revived the Western fiction and enriched its connotation.