bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trade Conflicts and China's Macroeconomic Fluctuations ---An Empirical Analysis Based on Vector Autoregression Model
Authors: Li Chenggang , Gan Yong
Published: February 2019

This paper uses the data from November 2016 to June 2018 to construct a VAR model to empirically analyze the impact of trade wars on the Chinese economy since the trade friction between China and the United States. The empirical results show that the trade conflict between China and the United States will have short-term effects on financial institution loans, net export fluctuations, capital markets, short-term international capital flows, and the RMB exchange rate. After the impact of the trade war, the Chinese economy will have a spontaneous adjustment function, which will cause a certain positive and negative change in economic changes. But over time, the impact of Sino-US trade conflicts on financial institution loans, net export volatility, asset prices, short-term international capital flows, and the RMB exchange rate has gradually weakened until the gradual convergence to the zero axis and the effect disappears.
Information Service System for Internet of Vehicles
Authors: Xing Xue , Liu Chenyang
Published: February 2019

This system is an Android mobile phone information service system for internet of vehicles. The information service system has four types of functions, including a login registration function, an information search function, a location function, and an information query function. The connection between cars and cars is gradually evolving into Internet of Vehicles from the traditional vehicle self-organizing network. The need for real-time service information for vehicles has also followed. Therefore, the research mainly designed an information service system for users of vehicles.
Re-criticism of Geomantic Omen in Modern Design from the Perspective of Data Analysis
Authors: Liu Qi , Yang Huagang , Zhang Yiwei
Published: February 2019

Geomantic omen is both strange and familiar to the contemporary people. It is not only a part of the traditional Chinese culture, but also contains the contradictions and disputes in Chinese long history of thought, practice and theory. This article is based on the context of modern design, discuss the reason of the Geomantic omen cannot be the key factors of modern design from three perspectives, including research trend, discipline development, practice creation. Through the summary of data, typical cases, and geomantic theory, it is believed that modern geomantic research should be based on rational evaluation and theoretical research. Except that, geomancy can be study not only by using modern science and technology, but also through transcending the ideological level. Finally, the idea of the future development of geomantic is set up for the re-thinking and re-exploration of the contemporary research.
Preparation and Characterization of 1,2,3,4- Butane four Carboxylate Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Zhang Kanglong , Qi Xiaojin
Published: February 2019

1,2,3,4- butane four carboxylic acidis (Na4C8H6O8) is mainly used to prepare photosensitive materials, medical polymer materials and functional polymer membrane materials.As a permanent finishing agent, 1,2,3,4- butane four carboxylic acid plays an irreplaceable role.In this paper, the preparation of metal complexes by the reaction of 1,2,3,4-butane tetracarboxylic acid tetrasodium salt (Na4C8H6O8) with transition metals is described. The composition and structure of the prepared metal complexes were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and elemental analysis. At the same time, through the analysis of thermogravimetric curves, the order of thermal stability of metal complexes is (from large to small): Co2C8H6O8·2H2O > Cd2C8H6O8 ·2H2O > Mn2C8H6O8·2H2O > Ni2C8H6O8·2H2O > Zn2C8H6O8·2H2O > Zn2C8H6O8·2H2O > Cu2C8H6O8 ·2H2O.
Study on the Definition of College Students’ Employability
Authors: Li Hongjie , Sun Zhenjia
Published: February 2019

With the further exploration of high-level talent cultivation in universities and the improvement of the demand for talents by employers, researches on college students’ employability have been valued by scholars and universities. Cultivation of excellent employability has been a shared concern and objective for both college students and universities. The concept of employability has evolved over time. Scholars at home and abroad have different definitions on college students’ employability from different perspectives.
Exploration of Building "the Second Learning Space" Education Mode
Authors: Chen Zhongbao
Published: February 2019

The realization of "the second learning space" mainly includes two aspects: one is to "pave the road and build the bridge" by technology; and the other is to provide professional and systematic high-quality teaching resources with the help of the professional teachers.
The research content mainly includes five parts: the connection of broadband network, the functional services provided by the system, the acquisition of high-quality resources, the storage of resource data, and the construction of security system.
The fundamental purpose of the research and development of the "second learning space" is to break through the limitations of time, space and region, to form a new educational model of learners' autonomous learning and mutual learning under the network environment, to mobilize students' initiative and enthusiasm in learning, to exercise students' creative thinking, to cultivate students' innovative ability and to improve education and teaching quality, and to promote education and teaching reform.
Application of Big Data Technology in College Information Construction
Authors: Deng Wei
Published: February 2019

As a new technological means, big data plays an important role in the construction of intelligent campus in Colleges and universities. Taking Shaanxi Normal University as an example, this paper introduces the development of college information construction, and elaborates on the typical application scenarios of big data in colleges.
Analysis of a stabilized penalty-free Nitsche method for the Brinkman, Stokes, and Darcy problems
Authors: Blank Laura , Caiazzo Alfonso , Chouly Franz , Lozinski Alexei , Mura Joaquin
Published: February 2019

In this paper we study the Brinkman model as a unified framework to allow the transition between the Darcy and the Stokes problems. We propose an unconditionally stable low-order finite element approach, which is robust with respect to the whole range of physical parameters, and is based on the combination of stabilized equal-order finite elements with a non-symmetric penalty-free Nitsche method for the weak imposition of essential boundary conditions. In particular, we study the properties of the penalty-free Nitsche formulation for the Brinkman setting, extending a recently reported analysis for the case of incompressible elasticity (Boiveau and Burman, IMA J. Numer. Anal. 36 (2016) 770-795). Focusing on the two-dimensional case, we obtain optimal a priori error estimates in a mesh-dependent norm, which, converging to natural norms in the cases of Stokes or Darcy ows, allows to extend the results also to these limits. Moreover, we show that, in order to obtain robust estimates also in the Darcy limit, the formulation shall be equipped with a Grad-Div stabilization and an additional stabilization to control the discontinuities of the normal velocity along the boundary. The conclusions of the analysis are supported by numerical simulations.
Stability of correction procedure via reconstruction with summation-by-parts operators for Burgers' equation using a polynomial chaos approach
Authors: Öffner Philipp , Glaubitz Jan , Ranocha Hendrik
Published: February 2019

In this paper, we consider Burgers’ equation with uncertain boundary and initial conditions. The polynomial chaos (PC) approach yields a hyperbolic system of deterministic equations, which can be solved by several numerical methods. Here, we apply the correction procedure via reconstruction (CPR) using summation-by-parts operators. We focus especially on stability, which is proven for CPR methods and the systems arising from the PC approach. Due to the usage of split-forms, the major challenge is to construct entropy stable numerical fluxes. For the first time, such numerical fluxes are constructed for all systems resulting from the PC approach for Burgers' equation. In numerical tests, we verify our results and show also the performance of the given ansatz using CPR methods. Moreover, one of the simulations,i.e. Burgers’ equation equipped with an initial shock, demonstrates quite fascinating observations. The behaviour of the numerical solutions from several methods (finite volume, finite difference, CPR) differ significantly from each other. Through careful investigations, we conclude that the reason for this is the high sensitivity of the system to varying dissipation. Furthermore, it should be stressed that the system is not strictly hyperbolic with genuinely nonlinear or linearly degenerate fields.
Klassifikation für Kinder und Jugendliche – ICF-CY
Authors: Schiewack Michael
Published: February 2019

Die Klassifikation ICF-CY unterstützt Ergotherapeuten dabei, Ressourcen und Einschränkungen von Kindern und Jugendlichen zu beschreiben. Zudem erleichtert die Struktur das Dokumentieren und Schreiben von Berichten. Welche Anwendungsmöglichkeiten die Spezialausgabe der ICF darüber hinaus bereithält, erklärt Michael Schiewack.
Integratives und funktionelles Training zur
Sturzprävention: Agility für Senioren?
Authors: Morat Mareike , Lichtenstein Eric , Faude Oliver , Donath Lars
Published: February 2019

Beim Thema „Sturzprävention“ denken viele an alte Menschen, die in Gruppen oder
als Einzelne unter Anleitung eines Therapeuten verhältnismäßig langweilige
Übungen für das Gleichgewicht machen: Einbein- und Tandemstand, Seiltänzergang
oder was auch immer für geeignet befunden wird, die Balance zu verbessern. Dass
Sturzprävention aber auch mehr sein kann, zeigen unsere Autoren in diesem
Beitrag über die Vorzüge Agility-basierter Trainingsansätze.
Objektiv die Kraft messen – Digitales Dynamometer microFET 2
Authors: Zander Andrea
Published: February 2019

Wer die Kraft großer Muskelgruppen objektiv messen möchte, kann dafür das microFET 2 nutzen. Seit September 2018 gibt es das digitale Dynamometer mit neuer Software auch in deutscher Sprache. Andrea Zander zeigt, wie man das Gerät anwendet und wie die Methode die manuelle Muskelfunktionsprüfung ergänzen kann.
Factors Associated with Utilization of 17-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate for the Prevention of Recurrent Preterm Birth
Authors: DeNoble Anna E. , Wynn Clara E. , Weaver Kristin E. , Wheeler Sarahn M. , Swamy Geeta K.
Published: February 2019

Objective Weekly 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17OHP-C) from 16 to 36 weeks' gestation reduces the risk of recurrent spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB). Limited data suggest poor adherence to published guidelines. This study aimed to identify factors associated with 17OHP-C utilization.

Study Design This retrospective cohort study included women with a singleton pregnancy who delivered within one academic health system between January 2014 and December 2015. Eligible women had a history of ≥1 singleton sPTB. Primary outcomes were counseling about, receipt of, and adherence to 17OHP-C therapy. Demographic and clinical predictors of the primary outcomes were determined using stepwise logistic regression.

Results Of 410 eligible subjects, 69% (N = 284) were counseled about and 36% (N = 148) received 17OHP-C. Hispanic ethnicity, delay in prenatal care initiation, and a history of prior term births were associated with lower odds of 17OHP-C counseling. Each week delay in prenatal care initiation, Hispanic ethnicity, and each additional week's gestation of the earliest prior sPTB decreased the odds of receiving 17OHP-C. Maternal age and prior term births were associated with adherence.

Conclusion Utilization of evidence-based 17OHP-C therapy remains suboptimal: cultural and access-to-care barriers for eligible women may impede efforts to decrease recurrent sPTB rates.
Leitlinien – Wegweiser für die Therapie
Authors: Veit Katrin
Published: February 2019

Leitlinien sind systematisch entwickelte Aussagen, die den gegenwärtigen
Erkenntnisstand wiedergeben, um die Entscheidungsfindung von Ärzten, Therapeuten
und Patienten für eine angemessene Versorgung bei spezifischen
Gesundheitsproblemen zu unterstützen [1]. Der Fachartikel erklärt deren
Entwicklung, Diskussion und Konsentierung sowie ihre Relevanz für die
Therapie.
Apps & Games in der Therapie
Authors: Hotz Verena
Published: February 2019

Digitale Technologien in die aktivierende Parkinson-Therapie einzubinden, bietet die
Möglichkeit, Abwechslung in den Therapiealltag zu bringen. Inzwischen sind
erschwingliche Games, Apps und Hilfsmittel auf dem Markt, die sich vielseitig und
gewinnbringend einsetzen lassen.
5 Electrosynthesis in Continuous Flow
Authors: Folgueiras-Amador A. A. , Wirth T.
Published: February 2019

Organic electrosynthesis is recognized as a green enabling methodology to perform reactions in an efficient and straightforward way. Electrons are used as the reagent to form anionic and cationic radical species from neutral organic molecules, achieving oxidations and reductions and replacing toxic and dangerous reagents. Within this field, the use of microreactors in continuous flow is particularly compatible with electrochemistry because of the convenient advantages of flow over batch, including: (i) low loading or no supporting electrolyte at all, due to the small distance between electrodes, providing significant advantages in downstream processing; (ii) high electrode surface-to-reactor volume ratio; (iii) short residence time; and (iv) improved mixing effects. In this chapter, the most relevant electrochemical flow reactors and electrochemical transformations performed in continuous flow are presented and discussed.
10 Intermolecular Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C—C Coupling Reactions in Continuous Flow
Authors: Bottecchia C. , Noël T.
Published: February 2019

This chapter provides an up-to-date collection of prominent examples of intermolecular transition-metal-catalyzed C–C coupling reactions performed in continuous-flow systems. The advantages offered by flow technology for the implementation of traditional cross-coupling methods are discussed. Moreover, recent examples of the successful application of flow reactors for C–H functionalization strategies (including C–H activation and dual photoredox transition-metal catalysis) are reviewed.
Deformation induced complete amorphization at nanoscale in a bulk silicon
Authors: Zhang Zhenyu , Meng Fanning , Cui Junfeng , Wang Bo , Wang Ziguang , Lu Yang , Hassan Hamad ul , Guo Dongming
Published: February 2019

Solid state amorphization is induced by shock, irradiation and deformation, while deformation induced complete amorphization remains a challenge in a bulk solid. Brittle-to-ductile transition (BDT) mechanism is elusive at loading speeds of m/s at nanoscale depth of cut. Existing formula has no effects of shape and radius of cutting edges on the critical depth of cut at BDT. In this study, a new route of deformation induced complete amorphization at nanoscale is proposed in a bulk solid confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This is performed by a novel approach of ultraprecision grinding, conducted on a specially designed setup. The grinding is carried out by a developed single diamond grain with a cutting edge radius of 2.5 μm, at depth of cut of 24 nm under a loading speed of 40 m/s. BDT takes place at depth of cut of 419 and 172 nm for Si (100) respectively, ground by single diamond grains with tip radii of 5 and 2.5 μm correspondingly. A new model is suggested for BDT, considering the effects of radius and shape of cutting edges. The findings provide new insights for design and fabrication of high performance devices used in flexible electronics, nanodevices, microelectronics and optoelectronics.
Temperature dependence of spin-wave modes and Gilbert damping in lanthanum-doped yttrium-iron-garnet films
Authors: Jin Lichuan , Wang Yuele , Lu Guangduo , Li Jialu , He Yujie , Zhong Zhiyong , Zhang Huaiwu
Published: February 2019

In this work, we study the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectra of lanthanum-doped yttrium-iron-garnet (La:YIG) film as a function of temperature and frequency. The experimental results show a significant increase in the number of spin-wave resonance modes with increasing temperature. The FMR linewidth is nonlinear as a function of frequency at low temperatures but linear at room temperature. This nonlinear behavior at low temperature indicates the relaxation of the magnetization by impurities (La3+ dopant) or defects at the surfaces. Most importantly, the results reveal that temperature-dependent Gilbert damping in La:YIG film originates from two-magnon scattering, whereas the enhanced Gilbert damping at low-temperature (≤100K) is due mainly to spin-lattice relaxation of La3+ dopants.
Machine learning improves image restoration
Authors: Middleton Christine
Published: February 2019

A neural network increases image quality when it knows what to look for.
Satellites glimpse the microphysics of magnetic reconnection
Authors: Berkowitz Rachel
Published: February 2019

In situ measurements capture a nonturbulent, efficient reconnection event on Earth’s nightside.
Quantum foundations
Authors: DiVincenzo David P. , Fuchs Christopher A.
Published: February 2019

More than a century after the birth of quantum mechanics, physicists and philosophers are still debating what a “measurement” really means.
Oil exposure impairs predator–prey dynamics in larval red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus)
Authors: Rowsey L. E. , Johansen J. L. , Khursigara A. J. , Esbaugh A. J.
Published: February 2019

The 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico was the largest spill in recent history and led to the exposure of many commercially and ecologically important fish species. Crude-oil exposure is known to result in compromised cardiorespiratory function and swim performance of fishes, presumably altering ecological performance by impairing the ability to capture prey or evade predators. However, this has yet to be empirically tested. This study assessed the impacts of oil exposure on thigmotaxis (avoidance of exposed areas), routine activity, and prey-capture ability in larval red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) by using environmentally relevant concentrations of weathered-oil water-accommodated fractions (0–55.9µgL–1 of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, ΣPAH). Oil exposure caused a dose-dependent increase in time spent in the exposed area of the arena, with an average three-fold increase at the highest dose, suggesting increased risk-taking. Although increased risk-taking resulted in 14% more area explored, oil-exposed individuals were significantly slower to catch prey and caught 67% less prey overall. Prey-capture ability did not appear to be related to cardiorespiratory or swimming impairments, because oil-exposed fish exhibited routine swim speeds and the distance travelled similar to those of the control, suggesting an alternate route of toxicity, such as cognitive impairments.
A remarkable compilation shift
Authors: Li Rui , Hansen Annette Skovsted
Published: February 2019

During his work on his Chinese and English Dictionary (1842–1843) Walter Henry Medhurst (1796–1857) dramatically changed his compilation strategy by shifting from depending almost exclusively on Robert Morrison’s (1782–1834) Chinese-English dictionary, Zidian 字典 (1815–1823) to depending on multiple sources including Kangxi zidian 康熙字典 (1716), Morrison’s Wuche yunfu 五車韻府 (1819–1820), and Medhurst’s own A Dictionary of the Hok-këèn Dialect of the Chinese Language (1832). By applying Lexicographic Archaeology to four linguistic case studies, this article discusses the reasons for this unusual lexicographical phenomenon. The authors argue that changes in information in Morrison’s Zidian after the 41st radical influenced Medhurst’s choices.
The potential mechanisms of unintentional weight loss after oesophageal cancer surgery.
Authors: Murphy C. F. , Reynolds J. V. , Roux C. W. le
Published: February 2019

Recent advances in the surgical and multimodality management of oesophageal cancer have led to improved survival for patients treated with curative intent. Survivors may struggle to adapt to the profound nutritional impact of oesophageal cancer surgery, and addressing dietary and related functional, and quality of life issues is an area of increased research focus. Mechanistic insight to explain significant weight loss has parallels in bariatric surgery. In particular, the gut-brain axis plays a pivotal role in energy balance and unintentional weight loss by influencing subconscious neural pathways, and key signalling pathways may be significantly altered in the context of major upper gastrointestinal surgery. In this review, we explore the core components comprising this gut-brain interplay, and outline the potential mechanisms underpinning the postoperative adaptations observed. We also discuss how this mechanism may affect weight and quality of life after oesophageal cancer resection. Only once the pathophysiological processes are understood are we likely to develop effective and sustainable therapeutic solutions.
Silver nanowire as an efficient filler for high conductive polyurethane composites
Authors: Al-Attabi Nuha Y. , Adhikari Raju , Cass Peter , Bown Mark , Gunatillake Pathiraja A. , Malherbe François , Yu Aimin
Published: February 2019

Composites of silver nanowires (AgNWs) and polyurethane (PU) were prepared and their properties evaluated for potential applications as electrically conducting materials. Polyurethanes were chosen as the base substrate because of their inherent biocompatibility, biostability, excellent processability and good mechanical properties. The composites were prepared with varying content of AgNW by a solvent casting method. The electrical conductivity of the resulting composites was assessed using a 4-probe conductivity method and a maximum conductivity of 352.6 S cm–1 was achieved with 25% AgNW loading. The composite films were then characterised by various techniques to investigate the structure–property relationships. The above-mentioned analyses showed that the composite films retained the tensile and thermal properties of the parent PU while showing excellent conductivity.
Dynamic mechanical analysis and non-isothermal kinetics of EVA/PPy carbon black nanocomposites
Authors: Al Naim Abdullah , Abd Elbary A. M. , Ibrahim S. S.
Published: February 2019

Pure ethylene-co-vinyl acetate (EVA) and its conductive blend-nanocomposite with polypyrrole (PPy)/carbon black (CB) were prepared using a melt mixing process. Dynamic mechanical analysis and non-isothermal thermal gravimetrical analysis were performed on the samples. The storage modulus, loss modulus, and damping factor of the EVA/PPy/CB nanocomposites were significantly affected by the incorporation of PPy/CB. Two thermal decomposition stages were detected for pure and blended nanocomposite samples. Peak analysis was used to deconvolve the first complex decomposition stage. The Coats-Redfern method was used to determine the kinetic parameters. Improving the thermal and mechanical properties of the EVA co-polymer will enable the three-phase blend/nanocomposites to be used in several industrial applications.
Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of friction stir welded FeCrNiCoMn high-entropy alloy
Authors: Xu Nan , Song Qining , Bao Yefeng
Published: February 2019

To investigate the microstructural development and mechanical properties of friction stir welded high-entropy alloy, the stirring process and the air cooling period were separated for discussion. The texture component developed from A* {111}<112> to A {111}<110> in the stirring stage, and finally changed to B {112}<110> in the subsequent air cooling stage caused by the multiple mechanisms including discontinuous dynamic recrystallization, continuous dynamic recrystallization, static recovery and selected grain growth. This work also demonstrated that the static recovery and the selected grain growth during the air cooling stage remarkably deteriorated the microstructure and mechanical properties which is produced during the stirring stage, and it cannot be neglected when investigating the microstructure transformation and mechanical properties during the friction stir welding.
Religious Regulation in Muslim States
Authors: Bramsen Andrew , Vermeer Zoe
Published: February 2019

Muslim majority states regulate religion at much higher levels on average than non-Muslim states. There are two main explanations for this. First, Muslim states are on average much less religiously pluralistic than non-Muslim states, which tends to result in less tolerant attitudes toward minority religions. Second, and more importantly, religion and politics are much more intertwined in the foundations of Islam than is the case with most other major religious traditions. Because there is this traditional connection in Islam, government regulation of religion is seen as legitimate and even as a positive good.

Regulation in Muslim states takes four basic forms. The first is a country’s approach to having an official religion, with Muslim states being much more likely to have an official religion than non-Muslim states. The second involves the degree to which government supports Islam. Muslim states support Islam in a variety of ways ranging from paying the salaries of imams to implementing sharia law and enforcing public morality. The third form deals with the restrictions on religion in general. This occurs in a variety of ways, ranging from repressing forms of Islam that deviate from the government-preferred form of Islam to limiting political manifestations of Islam that might challenge the ruling elite to imposing restrictions on worship practices and proselytizing. Finally, religious discrimination is a form of regulation that imposes different restrictions on minority religions than it does on Islam. For example, some states outlaw the proselytizing of Muslims while allowing the proselytizing of non-Muslims, or restrict the building of minority worship places while granting permits for the building of mosques. The level and nature of regulations vary widely across the Islamic world, and these variations have consequences for democracy, with Muslim states that have lower levels of regulation tending to have more democratic regimes. The two most democratic countries (Senegal and Tunisia) in the Islamic world both have high percentages of Muslim citizens and strong connections between Islamic leaders and the government but have successfully limited discrimination against minority religions, thereby providing a potential model for other Muslim states.
The Politics of Trade and Climate Change
Authors: Kono Daniel Yuichi
Published: February 2019

Both trade and climate change policies affect the international competitiveness of carbon-intensive industries. This suggests that policy changes in one area may affect politics in the other. Does openness to international trade affect climate change politics? Do climate change policies affect the politics of trade? Does formally linking trade and climate policies via trade sanctions affect the prospects for cooperation in each domain? There are good theoretical reasons to believe that the answer to these questions is yes. Theoretically, each set of policies should affect the other, but these interactions could either encourage or discourage trade and climate cooperation. How trade and climate politics interact is thus an empirical question. Empirically, the overall picture is of a nascent but promising field of research. Extant studies provide indirect tests and suggestive evidence, but little in the way of firm conclusions. Only one point emerges clearly: progress in this area will require more and better data on national climate policies.
Clinical Training Concerns in Mental Health Service Provision to Older Persons
Authors: Jacobs M. Lindsey , Bamonti Patricia M.
Published: February 2019

The field of geropsychology has grown worldwide since the 1990s, particularly in the United States. In the early 21st century, professional geropsychology was recognized by the American Psychological Association as a clinical specialty. Despite this growth, there is a shortage of practicing psychologists proficient in geropsychology to meet the mental health needs of older adults. Moreover, the need for psychologists with geriatric training is continuing to grow as healthcare increasingly shifts to integrated care, creating a demand for psychologists in clinical settings such as nursing homes, hospice and palliative care, primary care, and home-based primary care. The widening gap between supply and demand requires strategic recruitment and educational initiatives to grow the number of providers with competency in working with older adults. Recruitment strategies emphasize increasing supply by “priming the pipeline” through the creation of early exposure opportunities at the secondary, undergraduate, and graduate school level, strategic recruitment of underrepresented students, and expanding financial incentives for practice.

Training and education in geropsychology have advanced considerably. The Pikes Peak Model for Professional Geropsychology Training provides the structure to gauge competency development. A framework for obtaining competency at the generalist, generalist with proficiency, and specialist levels has been created. In future years, there will be greater demand for post-licensure training in geropsychology, and geropsychologists will increasingly function as clinical educators. Technological advances will play a vital role in disseminating geropsychology education to generalist providers and related disciplines interested in gaining geropsychology exposure.
Global Security Surveillance
Authors: Guzik Keith , Marx Gary T.
Published: February 2019

Recent literature at the intersections of surveillance, security, and globalization trace the contours of global security surveillance (GSS), a distinct form of social control that combines traditional and technical means to extract or create personal or group data transcending national boundaries to detect and respond to criminal and national threats to the social order. In contrast to much domestic state surveillance (DSS), GSS involves coordination between public and private law enforcement, security providers, and intelligence services across national borders to counteract threats to collectively valued dimensions of the global order as defined by surveillance agents. While GSS builds upon past forms of state monitoring, sophisticated technologies, the preeminence of neoliberalism, and the uncertainty of post–Cold War politics lend it a distinctive quality. GSS promises better social control against both novel and traditional threats, but it also risks weakening individual civil liberties and increasing social inequalities.
Online Fraud
Authors: Cross Cassandra
Published: February 2019

Each year, millions of individuals worldwide find themselves victims of online fraud. Whether it is responding to a fraudulent email with bank account details or being defrauded through a false relationship, fraud can have a life-changing impact on an individual victim. For many victims, this goes beyond pure monetary losses and impacts their physical and emotional health and well-being. Historically, fraud has not been the priority of police or government agencies; however, increased developments in technology mean that fraud is affecting a greater number of victims than ever before. The online nature of many fraudulent approaches carries with it a new set of unique challenges associated with the policing and prevention of online fraud, and victim support services are currently not well equipped (if even in existence) to deal with the aftermath of victimization.
Stomatal frequency of Quercus glauca from three material sources shows the same inverse response to atmospheric pCO2
Authors: Hu Jin-Jin , Xing Yao-Wu , Su Tao , Huang Yong-Jiang , Zhou Zhe-Kun
Published: February 2019

Background and Aims

The inverse correlation between atmospheric CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) and stomatal frequency in many plants has been widely used to estimate palaeo-CO2 levels. However, apparent discrepancies exist among the obtained estimates. This study attempts to find a potential proxy for palaeo-CO2 concentrations by analysing the stomatal frequency of Quercus glauca (section Cyclobalanopsis, Fagaceae), a dominant species in East Asian sub-tropical forests with abundant fossil relatives.

Methods

Stomatal frequencies of Q. glauca from three material sources were analysed: seedlings grown in four climatic chambers with elevated CO2 ranging from 400 to 1300 ppm; extant samples collected from 14 field sites at altitudes ranging from 142 to 1555 m; and 18 herbarium specimens collected between 1930 and 2011. Stomatal frequency–pCO2 correlations were determined using samples from these three sources.

Key Results

An inverse correlation between stomatal frequency and pCO2 was found for Q. glauca through cross-validation of the three material sources. The combined calibration curves integrating data of extant altitudinal samples and historical herbarium specimens improved the reliability and accuracy of the curves. However, materials in the climatic chambers exhibited a weak response and relatively high stomatal frequency possibly due to insufficient treatment time.

Conclusions

A new inverse stomatal frequency–pCO2 correlation for Q. glauca was determined using samples from three sources. These three material types show the same response, indicating that Q. glauca is sensitive to atmospheric pCO2 and is an ideal proxy for palaeo-CO2 levels. Quercus glauca is a nearest living relative (NLR) of section Cyclobalanopsis fossils, which are widely distributed in the strata of East Asia ranging from the Eocene to Pliocene, thereby providing excellent materials to reconstruct the atmospheric CO2 concentration history of the Cenozoic. Quercus glauca will add to the variety of proxies that can be widely used in addition to Ginkgo and Metasequoia.
Endometriosis biomarkers: Will codevelopment in academia–industry partnerships result in new and robust noninvasive diagnostic tests?
Authors: M D’Hooghe Thomas , Fassbender Amelie , F O Dorien , Vanhie Arne
Published: February 2019

Endometriosis is an important gynecological disease, affecting 10% of reproductive age women, and associated with pain, infertility, reduced quality of life, and high health economic cost. Except for ultrasound detection of ovarian endometriotic cysts, the gold standard for diagnosis is laparoscopy, leading to diagnostic delays of 5–10 years. Accurate noninvasive biomarkers are needed, especially for symptomatic women with a normal gynecological ultrasound, to triage them towards medical or surgical treatment and to monitor their treatment outcome. Such biomarkers are not available today, largely because the research focus has been on discovery, not on reproducibility and validation. Academia/industry partnerships can move this field forward by validation of promising markers, consensus on endometriosis phenotypes/controls and desirable accuracy (sensitivity/specificity). Such partnerships should increase the quality and reproducibility of target discovery work and foster global consensus on the use of relevant preclinical/animal models, if they are managed with complete (financial) transparency and with the aim to translate innovation into products benefiting patients. It is essential that mutual objectives are clarified between industry and academia partners including intellectual property policy, critical decision points, funding agreements, milestones and timelines, with a clear strategy for project termination/change of strategy, a restriction on publications till new discoveries have been patented, considering that a minority of novel findings can be translated into new therapeutic targets, diagnostics, or marketed products.
Identification of molecular biomarkers for ovarian cancer using computational approaches
Authors: Lalremmawia H , Tiwary Basant K
Published: February 2019

Ovarian cancer is one of the major causes of mortality among women. This is partly because of highly asymptomatic nature, lack of reliable screening techniques and non-availability of effective biomarkers of ovarian cancer. The recent availability of high-throughput data and consequently the development of network medicine approach may play a key role in deciphering the underlying global mechanism involved in a complex disease. This novel approach in medicine will pave the way in translating the new molecular insights into an effective drug therapy applying better diagnostic, prognostic and predictive tests for a complex disease. In this study, we performed reconstruction of gene co-expression networks with a query-based method in healthy and different stages of ovarian cancer to identify new potential biomarkers from the reported biomarker genes. We proposed 17 genes as new potential biomarkers for ovarian cancer that can effectively classify a disease sample from a healthy sample. Most of the predicted genes are found to be differentially expressed between healthy and diseased states. Moreover, the survival analysis showed that these genes have a significantly higher effect on the overall survival rate of the patient than the established biomarkers. The comparative analyses of the co-expression networks across healthy and different stages of ovarian cancer have provided valuable insights into the dynamic nature of ovarian cancer.
Ciclosporin Therapy After Infliximab Failure in Hospitalized Patients With Acute Severe Colitis is Effective and Safe
Authors: Weisshof Roni , Ollech Jacob E , El Jurdi Katia , Yvellez Olivia V , Cohen Russell D , Sakuraba Atsushi , Dalal Sushila , Pekow Joel , Rubin David T
Published: February 2019

Background and Aims

Options for medical management of patients with acute severe colitis [ASC] failing intravenous (i.v.) steroids are limited and include rescue therapy with either infliximab or ciclosporin. In patients failing infliximab, second-line rescue therapy with ciclosporin is an alternative. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of ciclosporin in patients with steroid-refractory ASC failing first-line rescue therapy with infliximab.

Methods

This is a retrospective, tertiary centre study undertaken from 2010 to 2017. Included were patients hospitalized for ASC and treated with i.v. ciclosporin after failing i.v. steroids and infliximab within the previous 2 months. Time to colectomy, clinical response, and occurrence of adverse events were analysed.

Results

Forty patients with steroid-resistant ASC were included. Patients were followed for a median of 13 months (interquartile range [IQR] 5–32 months). Colectomy-free survival was 65%, 59.4%, and 41.8% at 1 month, 3 months and 1 year, respectively. Sixty percent of patients [24/40] achieved clinical remission at a median of 2 weeks [IQR 1–3 weeks]. Infliximab levels before ciclosporin infusion were available for 26 patients [median level 17.5 mg/mL, IQR 8–34 mg/mL] and were not associated with adverse events. Sixteen patients [40%] experienced adverse events after ciclosporin treatment, but none resulted in drug discontinuation.

Conclusions

In patients with i.v. steroid–refractory ASC who failed infliximab therapy, second-line rescue therapy with ciclosporin was shown to be effective and safe. This is the largest patient cohort to receive ciclosporin as second-line rescue therapy for ASC. We believe that ciclosporin may be offered to selected patients prior to referral for colectomy.
Cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Chinese Burden of Treatment Questionnaire (C-TBQ) in primary care patients with multi-morbidity
Authors: Chin Weng Yee , Wong Carlos King Ho , Ng Cherry Cheuk Wai , Choi Edmond Pui Hang , Lam Cindy Lo Kuen
Published: February 2019

Background

The Burden of Treatment Questionnaire (TBQ) assesses the impact of a patient’s treatment workload on their quality of life

Objectives

The aim was to translate and validate the TBQ on Chinese primary care patients with multi-morbidity.

Methods

The English TBQ was translated and back-translated using professional translators. Cognitive debriefing interviews were performed on 15 patients. The resulting instrument was tested on 200 primary care patients with multi-morbidity (>1 chronic disease) to examine its psychometric performance including exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency and reliability. The EuroQol Five-Dimension Five-Level Questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L), Short-Form Six-Dimension (SF-6D), WONCA COOP Charts and the Global Health Rating Scale were used to assess convergent and divergent validity.

Results

Median age of the respondents was 62 years (range 22–95 years) with a median of four conditions. The median TBQ total score was 16 (interquartile range 7.25–30). There was a significant floor effect (>15%) observed for all items. Spearman’s correlations was >0.4 for all items demonstrating adequate internal construct validity. TBQ global score correlated with number of conditions (P = 0.034), EQ-5D-5L (P < 0.001), SF-6D (P < 0.001) and the feelings (P = 0.004), daily activities (P = 0.003) and social activities (P < 0.001) domains of the WONCA COOP. There was no significant correlation between global health rating and TBQ global scores (P = 0.298). Factor analysis demonstrated a three-factor structure. There was good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.842) and good test–retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.830).

Conclusion

The newly translated Chinese version of the TBQ appears to be valid and reliable for use in Cantonese-speaking, adult primary care patients with multi-morbidity.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing 28% polyphosphate and production of a polyphosphate-rich yeast extract thereof
Authors: Christ Jonas Johannes , Blank Lars Mathias
Published: February 2019

Currently, inorganic polyphosphate is chemically synthesized from phosphate rock and added directly to food products. Yeast extract is a concentrate of soluble fractions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and is, as a food additive, generally regarded as safe. The aim of this study was to biotechnologically produce a naturally polyphosphate-rich yeast extract. Polyphosphate-rich cells were produced with a wild type (non-genetically modified) S. cerevisiae by orthophosphate-starvation and subsequent orthophosphate-feeding, and contained 28% (w/w) polyphosphate (as KPO3) in cell dry weight, which is the highest content reported so far. Four yeast extract production protocols (autolysis, plasmolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis without and with prior heat inactivation) were tested, whereas the latter was the most promising. From the polyphosphate-rich cells, yeast extract paste and powder were produced containing 20% and 14% (w/w, as KPO3) polyphosphate with an average chain length of 31 and 3 P-subunits, 7% and 14% (w/w, as K1.5H1.5PO4) orthophosphate, 22% and 0% (w/w) water, respectively. For the first time, naturally polyphosphate-rich yeast extracts were produced, which possibly can be used as a clean-label food additive and biological alternative to chemically synthesized polyphosphate in food products.
Genome sequence of the barred knifejaw Oplegnathus fasciatus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844): the first chromosome-level draft genome in the family Oplegnathidae
Authors: Xiao Yongshuang , Xiao Zhizhong , Ma Daoyuan , Liu Jing , Li Jun
Published: February 2019

Background

The barred knifejaw (Oplegnathus fasciatus), a member of the Oplegnathidae family of the Centrarchiformes, is a commercially important rocky reef fish native to East Asia. Oplegnathus fasciatus has become an important fishery resource for offshore cage aquaculture and fish stocking of marine ranching in China, Japan, and Korea. Recently, sexual dimorphism in growth with neo-sex chromosome and widespread biotic diseases in O. fasciatus have been increasing concern in the industry. However, adequate genome resources for gaining insight into sex-determining mechanisms and establishing genetically resistant breeding systems for O. fasciatus are lacking. Here, we analyzed the entire genome of a female O. fasciatus fish using long-read sequencing and Hi-C data to generate chromosome-length scaffolds and a highly contiguous genome assembly.

Findings

We assembled the O. fasciatus genome with a total of 245.0 Gb of raw reads that were generated using both Pacific Bioscience (PacBio) Sequel and Illumina HiSeq 2000 platforms. The final draft genome assembly was approximately 778.7 Mb, which reached a high level of continuity with a contig N50 of 2.1 Mb. The genome size was consistent with the estimated genome size (777.5 Mb) based on k-mer analysis. We combined Hi-C data with a draft genome assembly to generate chromosome-length scaffolds. Twenty-four scaffolds corresponding to the 24 chromosomes were assembled to a final size of 768.8 Mb with a contig N50 of 2.1 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 33.5 Mb using 1,372 contigs. The identified repeat sequences accounted for 33.9% of the entire genome, and 24 003 protein-coding genes with an average of 10.1 exons per gene were annotated using de novo methods, with RNA sequencing data and homologies to other teleosts. According to phylogenetic analysis using protein-coding genes, O. fasciatus is closely related to Larimichthys crocea, with O. fasciatus diverging from their common ancestor approximately 70.5–88.5 million years ago.

Conclusions

We generated a high-quality draft genome for O. fasciatus using long-read PacBio sequencing technology, which represents the first chromosome-level reference genome for Oplegnathidae species. Assembly of this genome assists research into fish sex-determining mechanisms and can serve as a resource for accelerating genome-assisted improvements in resistant breeding systems.
Sources of innovation and innovation type: firm-level evidence from the United States
Authors: Demircioglu Mehmet Akif , Audretsch David B , Slaper Timothy F
Published: February 2019

Only a handful of studies on innovation empirically analyze the links between firm innovation and the sources of that innovative activity of sources of innovation on types of innovation. To fill this gap in the literature, this study provides one of the first tests to identify how important sources of new information (suppliers, customers, other business people in the industry, workers, and university) are associated with types of innovations (product, process, and marketing). Data come from the 2014 National Survey of Business Competitiveness sponsored by the Economic Research Service at the United States Department of Agriculture (n = 10,952). The results show that innovation ideas emanating from customers, workers, and universities are positively associated with all types of innovations, suggesting that these sources are critical for developing different types of innovation. In particular, universities as a source of innovation activity are especially important. In contrast, other sources, such as suppliers and people in industry do not seem to be as important as a source of innovation.