bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three‐Dimensional Second‐Harmonic Generation Imaging of Fibrillar Collagen in Biological Tissues
Authors: Xie Jiansong , Ferbas John , Juan Gloria
Published: July 2012

Multiphoton‐induced second‐harmonic generation (SHG) has developed into a very powerful approach for in depth visualization of some biological structures with high specificity. In this unit, we describe the basic principles of three‐dimensional SHG microscopy. In addition, we illustrate how SHG imaging can be utilized to assess collagen fibrils in biological tissues. Some technical considerations are also addressed. Curr. Protoc. Cytom. 61:6.33.1‐6.33.11. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Full‐time workers with precarious employment face lower protection for receiving annual health check‐ups
Authors: Inoue Mariko , Tsurugano Shinobu , Nishikitani Mariko , Yano Eiji
Published: July 2012

Background

Precarious employment is one of the social determinants of health. In 2010, 34.4% of Japanese workers fell into this employment category. The purpose of our study was to assess whether the use of annual health check‐ups varied by worker contract type.

Methods

Using 2007 nationally representative survey data, we compared the annual health check‐up compliance of permanently employed full‐time workers versus that of precariously employed workers (hourly, dispatched, and fixed‐term workers).

Results

Dispatched workers and hourly workers received health check‐ups less often compared with permanent workers. Hourly young male workers received health check‐ups five times less frequently than permanent workers. The percentage of workers who consulted a physician after receiving advice to do so did not differ by employment types, except in older men.

Conclusions

In Japan, workers with precarious employment, most notably hourly and dispatched workers, had a lower rate of health check‐ups compared with full‐time workers in permanent positions. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:884–892, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Carbon–Halogen Bond Formation by the Reductive Elimination of PdII Species
Authors: Jiang Xuefeng , Liu Hui , Gu Zhenhua
Published: July 2012

It is well known that Pd0 undergoes oxidative addition to organic halides, especially aryl or vinyl halides. In the contrast, the formation of organic halides by reductive elimination of RPdIIX (X=halogen) has been mostly ignored until very recently. This Focus Review discusses recent developments in palladium‐catalyzed carbon–halogen bond formation by the reductive elimination of RPdIIX. These new developments have enriched the scope of palladium‐catalyzed reactions, and provide a new way to construct carbon–halogen bonds.
Neubau der Kanalüberführung Elbeu in der Osthaltung des Mittellandkanals bei Magdeburg
Authors: Wiese Karl‐Heinz , Helfers Björn
Published: July 2012

Der Mittellandkanal (MLK) ist eine Bundeswasserstraße und mit 325,3 km Länge die längste künstliche Wasserstraße in Deutschland. In europäischer Dimension ermöglicht der MLK über das innerdeutsche Kanalnetz eine Verbindung zwischen den Niederlanden, Belgien, Luxemburg, Frankreich und der Schweiz auf der einen, mit Polen und Tschechien auf der anderen Seite. Im Zuge des Ausbaus der West‐Ost‐verbindenden Binnenwasserstraßen (Projekt 17 der Verkehrsprojekte Deutsche Einheit) erfolgt derzeit der Neubau der Kanalüberführung bei Elbeu einschließlich des Ausbaus des Mittellandkanals von MLK‐km 315,15 bis 318,45. Mit einer eigens für die Maßnahme hergestellten Umfahrung des Kanals (Ausweiche) stellt dieses Projekt eine Besonderheit im Bereich der Infrastrukturplanung dar. Der Bericht beschreibt die Aufgaben und Anforderungen dieses herausragenden Projektes, welches sowohl bei der Planung als auch bei der Ausführung eine besondere Herausforderung für alle an der Umsetzung des Großprojektes Beteiligten darstellt.

Reconstruction of the overfly Elbeu in the eastern section of the Mittellandkanal near Magdeburg

The Mittellandkanal (MLK) is a federal waterway and with a length of 325,3 kilometres the longest canal in Germany. Regarding Europe the MLK establishes together with the German canal network a connection among the Netherlands, Belgium, France and Switzerland on the one side and Poland and Czech Republic on the other side. In the course of expanding the east‐west connecting inland waterways (project No. 17 “Verkehrsprojekte Deutsche Einheit”) the new overfly Elbeu including the expansion of the Mittellandkanal from MLK‐km 315,15 to 318,45 is presently being built. Because of the bypass especially built for this construction work this represents a special project in infrastructure planning. The report shows the tasks and requirements of this outstanding project which represents as well in planning as in completion unique challenges for all parties involved.
Scientific basis for the Soviet and Russian radiofrequency standards for the general public
Authors: Repacholi Michael , Grigoriev Yuri , Buschmann Jochen , Pioli Claudio
Published: July 2012

The former Soviet Union (USSR) and the USA were the first countries to introduce standards limiting exposure to radiofrequency (RF) fields. However, the exposure limits in the USSR standards were always much lower than those in the USA and other countries. The objective of this article is to provide a history of the development of the Soviet and Russian RF standards. In addition, we summarize the scientific evidence used to develop the original USSR RF and subsequent Russian public health standards, as well as the mobile telecommunications standard published in 2003, but we do not critique them. We also describe the protective approaches used by the Soviet and Russian scientists for setting their limits. A translation of the papers of the key studies used to develop their standards is available in the online version of this publication. Bioelectromagnetics 33:623–633, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Meggle Food Turm in Wasserburg
Authors: Fuchs Maximilian , Schmied Carola
Published: July 2012

Der Neubau eines ca. 53 m hohen, turmartigen Produktionsgebäudes für die Lebensmittelindustrie in Wasserburg am Inn (Oberbayern) stellte aufgrund vielfältiger Anforderungen aus Bau und Nutzung eine spannende Ingenieuraufgabe für alle am Bau Beteiligten dar. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt nach einer Darstellung der besonderen Randbedingungen aus Bauzeit, Bauablauf und späterer Nutzung den daraus resultierenden Entwurf, die Konstruktion und die Ausführung des Industriebauwerkes aus Stahlbeton.

Meggle Food Tower in Wasserburg – Design and Construction of an industrial facility in reinforced concrete

The newly built 53 m high, tower‐like production building for the food industry company Meggle in Wasserburg am Inn (Oberbayern) was a challenging work for all participants due to requirements of construction and utilization. The paper in hand shows the construction and detailing of an industrial facility in reinforced concrete based on the special boundary conditions of construction progress, time schedule and subsequent utilization.
DBV‐Sachstandbericht “Betonkosmetik” an Sichtbetonbauteilen
Authors: Goldammer Klaus‐R.
Published: July 2012

Der Deutsche Beton‐ und Bautechnik‐Verein E.V. erarbeitet zurzeit einen Sachstandbericht zur Betonkosmetik. Ausgangspunkt ist die Erfahrung, dass Sichtbetonbauteile seit einigen Jahren vermehrt betonkosmetisch nachbearbeitet werden. Hierbei kann es sich entweder um rohbaumäßig einfache, handwerklich speziell qualifizierte oder aber auch um künstlerisch‐restauratorische Maßnahmen handeln. Da das gegenwärtige Normenwerk zum Beton, Stahlbeton und Spannbeton keinerlei praktisch anwendbare Regelungen für betonkosmetische Maßnahmen enthält, hat sich ein DBV‐Arbeitskreis die Aufgabe gestellt, in einem Sachstandbericht “Betonkosmetik” den gegenwärtigen Stand der Technik darzustellen. Im Mittelpunkt sollen technische und organisatorische Fragen stehen; vertragsrechtliche Belange werden nicht behandelt. Der Bericht soll sich mit seinen Aussagen sowohl an Auftraggeber und Architekten als auch an Auftragnehmer richten und Voraussetzungen, Möglichkeiten und Methoden einer sachgerechten betonkosmetisch‐restauratorischen Nachbearbeitung von Sichtbetonoberflächen aufzeigen, mit denen das optische Erscheinungsbild der Bauteile hochwertig und dauerhaft angepasst oder verbessert und im künstlerischen Anspruch vervollkommnet werden kann.

DBV‐Guide to Good Practice for Concrete Cosmetics on Exposed Concrete Surfaces

Despite best planning and execution, optical blemishes – e.g. color variations, accumulation of pores or broken edges – occasionally occur on exposed concrete surfaces. Such deficiencies can be remedied or reduced by professional concrete cosmetics. As there are no utilizable regulations, the German Society for Concrete and Construction Technology (DBV) currently develops a Guide to Good Practice for Concrete Cosmetics in order to provide assistance with elaborating the optical appearance of structural elements in a high grade and sustainable manner. Cosmetic works always require a faultless substrate. In case of sustrate faults the concrete structure must be repaired in advance. This report deals with the pre‐conditions, chances, limits and technologies of concrete cosmetics and their wide‐ranging variations from simple handicraft to high grade artistic labour, and points out the procedure of mapping the deficiencies, gathering and checking the catalogue of measures and the quality plan. The report closes with an example of restoring a pre‐cast element with its typical OSB surface texture.
Cyclic and Linear Polyferrocenes with Silicon and Tin as Alternating Bridges
Authors: Bagh Bidraha , Breit Nora C. , Dey Subhayan , Gilroy Joe B. , Schatte Gabriele , Harms Klaus , Müller Jens
Published: July 2012

The synthesis and characterization of ferrocene‐based oligomers that contained two different elements (Si and Sn) as alternating bridges is described for the first time. The salt‐metathesis reaction of R2Si[(C5H4)Fe(C5H4Li)]2 (R=Me, Et) with R′2SnCl2 (R′=Me, nBu, tBu) afforded a mixture of oligomers (6MeSnMe2, 6EtSnMe2, 6MeSnnBu2, 6EtSnnBu2, 6MeSntBu2, and 6EtSntBu2). These oligomers were characterized by 1H, 13C, 29Si, and 119Sn NMR spectroscopy and by mass spectrometry. MS (MALDI‐TOF) studies of 6EtSnMe2 revealed the presence of linear (l) and cyclic (c) species that contained up to 20 ferrocene moieties. The molecular weights of the polymers were determined by gel‐permeation chromatography (GPC) and by dynamic‐light scattering (DLS). GPC analysis revealed average molecular weights of 2100–6300 Da with respect to polystyrene as a standard. DLS analysis yielded very similar results. Some compounds, c‐(6MeSnMe2)1, c‐(6MeSntBu2)2, c‐(6EtSnMe2)1, c‐(6EtSntBu2)2, l‐(6MeSnnBu2)2, and l‐(6MeSnnBu2)3, which contained up to six ferrocene moieties, were isolated in their pure form either by column chromatography or by crystallization. The Si‐ and Sn‐bridged macrocycles that contained four ferrocene units (c‐(6MeSntBu2)2 and c‐(6EtSntBu2)2) were structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis.
Commentary on ‘Zinc for the common cold’
Authors: Kenealy Timothy , Arroll Bruce
Published: July 2012

This is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Singh M, Das RR. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD001364. DOI: 10.1002/ 14651858.CD001364.pub3

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2012 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Epidemiological evidence of a relationship between type‐1 diabetes mellitus and cancer: A review of the existing literature
Authors: Gordon‐Dseagu Vanessa L.Z. , Shelton Nicola , Mindell Jennifer S.
Published: June 2012

This review explores the epidemiological evidence relating to type‐1 diabetes (T1DM) and cancer incidence and mortality. Mortality rates among those with T1DM are higher in every age group compared with the general population; the majority of this mortality is due to factors related to the consequences of diabetes, such as cardiovascular and renal disease. For over 100 years, researchers have explored the relationships between diabetes and cancer and although there is now a large body of work on the subject, consensus has not been reached. Such research has tended to focus upon type‐2 diabetes, with the result that very little is known about T1DM and cancer. As incidence of T1DM increases, by around 3% annually among children, the need for further research into its impact upon cancer incidence and mortality increases. Within this review, findings varied by study method utilised, T1DM definition used and study region and outcome measure explored. None of the case–control studies found a statistically significant link between the two diseases, whereas both of the meta‐analyses did. Cohort studies produced mixed results. There were also mixed findings among research that defined T1DM in the same way (e.g. defining individuals with the disease as those diagnosed with diabetes before 30 years of age). The review found a number of studies which explored cause‐specific cancer mortality among those with diabetes; such studies also had mixed findings. This inconsistency within results suggests the need for further research to understand better the potential relationships between T1DM and cancer.
Adult height in relation to risk of cancer in a cohort of Canadian women
Authors: Kabat Geoffrey C. , Heo Moonseong , Kamensky Victor , Miller Anthony B. , Rohan Thomas E.
Published: June 2012

Although the influence of body mass index on cancer risk has been intensively investigated, few epidemiologic studies have examined the association of adult height with risk of cancer. We assessed the association of height with risk of all cancer and of 19 site‐specific cancers in the Canadian National Breast Screening Study, a prospective cohort of nearly 90,000 women. Weight and height were measured at enrollment, and information on reproductive and medical history as well as lifestyle exposures was obtained by means of questionnaire. After exclusions, 5,679 incident invasive cancers were identified among 88,256 women. We used Cox proportional hazards model to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) per 10 cm increase in height. All tests of statistical significance were two sided. All cancers combined and ten specific sites (colorectum, colon, premenopausal breast, postmenopausal breast, endometrium, ovary, kidney, thyroid, melanoma and leukemia) showed statistically significant positive associations with height. The HR for all cancers combined was 1.13 (95% CI: 1.08–1.18), and the magnitude of the associations for specific sites ranged from HR 1.11 (95% CI: 1.03–1.20) for postmenopausal breast cancer to HR 1.51 (95% CI: 1.27–1.80) for melanoma. Our study provides strong support for a positive association of adult height with risk of certain cancers. The underlying biological mechanisms are not clear but may differ by anatomic site.
Nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis of imatinib mesylate and related substances
Authors: Ye Lei , Huang Yifei , Li Jian , Xiang Guangya , Xu Li
Published: July 2012

In the present study, nonaqueous capillary electrophoretic separation of imatinib mesylate (IM) and related substances, N‐(5‐amino‐2‐methylphenyl)‐4‐(3‐pyridyl)‐2‐pyrimidinamine (PYA), N‐(4‐methyl‐3‐(4‐(pyridin‐3‐yl)pyrimidin‐2‐ylamino)phenyl)‐4‐((piperazin‐1‐yl)methyl) benzamide (NDI) and 4‐chloromethyl‐N‐(4‐methyl‐3‐((4‐(pyridin‐3‐yl) pyrimidin‐2‐yl) amino) phenyl) benzamide (CPB) was developed. The influential factors affecting separation, including type and concentration of the electrolyte, applied voltage, and buffer modifier were investigated. Baseline separation of the studied analytes was obtained using a buffer of 50 mM Tris and 50 mM methanesulfonic acid in methanol at a apparent pH (pH*) of 1.65. To enhance the sensitivity, large‐volume sample stacking was employed for online concentration. The strongest analytical signal with a suitable separation was achieved when the injection time was 100 s. The linearity ranges of PYA and NDI were 0.100–2.50 μg mL−1, and that of CPB was 0.125–2.50 μg mL−1, with good coefficients (r2 > 0.9948). The relative standard deviations of intra‐ and interday were satisfactory. Under the optimized conditions, seven batches of the synthesized samples were analyzed and CPB was detected in two batches. Owing to its simplicity, effectiveness, and low price, the developed method is promising for quality control of IM.
Considerations for the automated collection of thermodynamic data in gas chromatography
Authors: McGinitie Teague M. , Harynuk James J.
Published: July 2012

Thermodynamic modeling of retention times in gas chromatography depends on the accurate estimation of thermodynamic parameters. Previous research has used manual injections of samples with coinjection of a dead time marker to obtain accurate measurements of the retention factor of analytes. Ideally this process would be automated. Herein an approach is presented by which thermodynamic parameters can be estimated both autonomously and accurately. This method also allows for a consistent estimation of thermodynamic parameters regardless of factors such as data system delays and the nature of the void time marker employed. Ignoring these factors can lead to significant errors in the prediction of retention times when using thermodynamic models.
Application of heptapeptides containing D‐amino acid residues immobilized to magnetic particles and Sepharose for the study of binding properties of gastric aspartic proteases
Authors: Rajčanová Michaela , Tichá Marie , Kučerová Zdenka
Published: July 2012

Synthetic heptapeptides containing D‐amino acid residues and differing in the content of L‐phenylalanine and L‐tyrosine residues and their position (Val‐D‐Leu‐Pro‐Tyr‐Phe‐Val‐D‐Leu, Val‐D‐Leu‐Pro‐Tyr‐Tyr‐Val‐D‐Leu, Val‐D‐Leu‐Pro‐Phe‐Tyr‐Val‐D‐Leu) were immobilized to two types of carriers: glyoxal‐activated magnetic agarose particles and CNBr‐activated Sepharose. In both cases, peptides were immobilized via their terminal amino group. Immobilized peptides were used for the study of binding properties of two gastric aspartic proteases (porcine pepsin A and rat pepsin C). Porcine pepsin A was adsorbed to all studied peptide‐modified magnetic carriers, while rat pepsin C interacted with immobilized ligands only slightly. Similar results were obtained in affinity chromatographic experiments using heptapeptides immobilized to Sepharose.
The association between sleep apnea and young adults with hypertension
Authors: Asha'ari Zamzil Amin , Hasmoni Mohd Hadzri , Ab Rahman Jamalludin , Yusof Rosnida Azura , Lope Ahmad Raja Ahmad R.
Published: July 2012

Objectives/Hypothesis:

To study the association between sleep apnea and hypertension in a younger age group than previously studied, adding upper airway sizes at endoscopy as important compounding variables not often included in the past.

Study Design:

Case control.

Methods:

We analyzed data on sleep‐disordered breathing (based on polysomnography tests), body mass index (BMI), neck circumference, upper airway endoscopy sizes, and habitus and health history in 120 hypertensive and 120 nonhypertensive participants in a clinic‐based setting. Independent t test, χ2, multivariate analysis, and binary logistic regression models were used for case‐control comparison.

Results:

The mean age of the participants was 27 years; 67.5% were male. The incidence and severity of sleep apnea were significantly higher in the hypertensive than the control subjects. Persons with hypertension had an OR of 2.7 times of having comorbid sleep apnea than patients without hypertension (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2‐6.1). Persons with sleep apnea (AHI [apnea‐hypopnea index] ≥5) had an OR of 2.76 (95% CI 1.57‐4.86), and persons with severe sleep apnea (AHI ≥30) had an OR 7.94 (95% CI 4.21‐15.33) for having hypertension than did persons without sleep apnea. Although adjustments for the compounding factors, particularly BMI, decreased the OR to a large degree, subjects with severe sleep apnea were still 72% more likely to have hypertension than subjects without sleep apnea.

Conclusions:

Sleep apnea is related to hypertension in young adults aged 18 to 40 years. The association was more pronounced with the increasing severity of sleep apnea. Screening for sleep apnea should be considered in young adults with hypertension.
Outdoor grilling hazard: Wire bristle esophageal foreign body—a report of six cases
Authors: Harlor Evan J. , Lindemann Timothy L. , Kennedy Thomas L.
Published: July 2012

Esophageal foreign bodies are frequently encountered, with coin ingestion the most common in the pediatric population and fish bone ingestion the most common in the adult population worldwide. Many people cook with outdoor grills and use wire brushes to clean them. We present the largest case series with six adult cases involving ingestion of wire brush bristles from food prepared on outdoor grilling surfaces. The occurrence of six cases within a small geographic area over a relatively brief time span raises important safety concerns and warrants attention to prevent serious complications.
Association of Parkinson's disease with infections and occupational exposure to possible vectors
Authors: Harris M. Anne , Tsui Joseph K. , Marion Stephen A. , Shen Hui , Teschke Kay
Published: July 2012

The ultimate causes of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) are not fully known, but environmental and occupational causes are suspected. Postencephalitic parkinsonism has been linked to influenza, and other viral infections have also been suspected to relate to PD. We estimated the relationship between PD and both infections and possible vectors of infection (i.e., animal and human) in a population‐based, case‐control study in British Columbia, Canada. We recruited 403 cases detected by their use of antiparkinsonian medications and 405 controls from the registrants of the provincial universal health insurance plan. Severe influenza was associated with PD (odds ratio [OR]: 2.01; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16–3.48), although this effect was attenuated when reports were restricted to those occurring 10 or more years before diagnosis. Childhood illnesses were inversely associated with PD, particularly red measles (OR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.48–0.90). Several animal exposures were associated with PD, with statistically significant effects for cats (OR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.09–3.92) and cattle (OR: 2.23; 95% CI: 1.22–4.09). Influenza infection may be associated with PD. The inverse relationships with childhood infections may suggest an increased risk with subclinical or asymptomatic childhood infections. Occupational exposure to animals may increase risk through transmission of infections or may indicate exposure to another agent of interest (e.g., bacterial endotoxin). © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
The global solution of the interaction problem for the Aw‐Rascle model with phase transitions
Authors: Pan Lijun , Han Xinli
Published: July 2012

In this paper, we discuss the interactions of elementary waves and phase boundary for traffic flows introduced in [P. Goatin, The Aw‐Rascle vehicular traffic flow with phase transitions, Mathematical and Computer Modeling 44(2006) 287‐303]. Under the entropy conditions, we constructively obtain the existence and uniqueness of the solution. This result shows that, for some cases, a shock may speed up the increasing of the width of a free(congested) zone and a congested(free) zone may disappear into a free(congested) one. These phenomena also appear in the Kerner's observations. From the analytical point of view, this is one of the few results of the interactions of elementary waves for conservation laws developing phase transitions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling sexual transmission of HIV/AIDS in Jiangsu province, China
Authors: Xu Xiaxia , Xiao Yanni , Wang Ning
Published: July 2012

HIV transmission by sexual activities exhibits a substantial increase and has become a primary transmission mode in China recently. A mathematical model is formulated so as to identify the key processes and parameters that could explain the quick increase in the proportion of heterosexual transmission and further to assist in suggesting control measures urgently. On the basis of surveillance data on a number of people living with HIV/AIDS in Jiangsu province, we parameterize the model and estimate the reproduction number by using the least squares method. The basic reproduction number was estimated to be R0 = 3.52 for the therapy scenario of heterosexual transmission. The model predicts that the epidemic will peak in 2020. New infections are sensitive to the transmission coefficient, dependent on condom use rate, and the risky activities during the early period, whereas are sensitive to the recruitment rate in the late period of the transmission respectively. Antiviral therapy can either increase or decrease the new infections depending on both the extended life span of treated individuals and the infectiousness of the treated individuals. Hence, effective control measures during different transmission periods can be suggested, and antiretroviral therapy is a contentious issue for disease control. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An energy consistent frictional dissipating algorithm for particle contact problems
Authors: Bravo R. , Pérez‐Aparicio J.L. , Laursen T.A.
Published: July 2012

An energy frictional dissipating algorithm (EFDA) for time integration of Coulomb frictional impact‐contact problems is presented. With the use of the penalty method, and in the context of a conserving framework, linear and angular momenta are conserved, and energy is consistently dissipated.

Previously published formulations were stable, forcing the energy dissipation to be monotonic to prevent unstable energy growth. The shortcoming of many was that they were not able to reproduce the real kinematics and dissipation of physical processes, provided by analytical formulations and experiments. EFDA formulates a conserving framework on the basis of a physical energy dissipation estimator. This framework uses an enhanced penalty contact model based on a spring and a dashpot, enforcing physical frictional energy dissipation, controlling gap vibrations, and modifying the velocities and contact forces during each time step. The result is that the dissipated energy, kinematics, and contact forces are consistent with the expected physical behavior.

Energy frictional dissipating algorithm has been applied to four rigid‐body frictional problems using the discrete element method. The first problem is the analysis of a disk moving on a flat rough surface; the second problem analyzes the kinematics and energy dissipation of elliptical particle impacts. Numerical solutions are compared with analytical ones in both problems. The motion and impact of two disks moving on a semicircular surface are studied in the third problem. Finally, the fourth problem simulates the collapse of a two‐dimensional granular column, which is compared with the experimental results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modifying a social problem‐solving program with the input of individuals with intellectual disabilities and their staff
Authors: Ailey Sarah H. , Friese Tanya R. , Nezu Arthur M.
Published: July 2012

Social problem‐solving programs have shown success in reducing aggressive/challenging behaviors among individuals with intellectual disabilities in clinical settings, but have not been adapted for health promotion in community settings. We modified a social problem‐solving program for the community setting of the group home. Multiple sequential methods were used to seek advice from community members on making materials understandable and on intervention delivery. A committee of group home supervisory staff gave advice on content and delivery. Cognitive interviews with individuals with intellectual disabilities and residential staff provided input on content wording and examples. Piloting the program provided experience with content and delivery. The process provides lessons on partnering with vulnerable populations and community stakeholders to develop health programs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 35:610–623, 2012
Betreuung von Menschen mit Diabetes in Apotheken
Authors: Müller Uta
Published: July 2012

Die Therapieoptionen im Bereich Diabetes mellitus sind in den letzten Jahren stetig gewachsen und werden auch zukünftig zunehmen. Weitere Arzneistoffe mit neuen Wirkprinzipien wie auch mit komplett neuen Therapiekonzepten sind aktuell in der Entwicklung. Häufig ist es aber nicht primär die Therapie selbst, die den Erfolg begrenzt, sondern es ist die Umsetzung durch die Betroffenen. Deshalb müssen sich Aktivitäten sowohl vor dem Hintergrund der steigenden Patientenzahlen als auch aufgrund der nach wie vor suboptimalen Versorgungssituation vieler Patienten verstärkt auf Aspekte des Versorgungsmanagements konzentrieren. Die Ideen und Ausarbeitung der Kommission EADV von DDG und BAK zeigen hier einen viel versprechenden Weg auf, wie eine engere Begleitung und Betreuung gemeinsam durch Arzt und Apotheker ausgestaltet sein könnte. Ein Schwerpunkt sollte hierbei auf die strukturierte Analyse der Gesamtmedikation der Patienten im Rahmen eines Medikationsmanagements und auf das Erkennen und Lösen von Diabetes‐spezifischen und anderen arzneimittelbezogenen Problemen gelegt werden. Nur so können die Arzneimitteltherapiesicherheit und die Therapietreue nachhaltig verbessert werden.
Aus der Erde in die Erde
Authors: Riensche Ernst , Schiebahn Sebastian , Zhao Li , Stolten Detlef
Published: July 2012

Abtrennen und Untertagespeichern (CCS) von CO2 ist heute bei Kohlekraftwerken machbar. Zentrales Element bei den neuen Kraftwerksprozessen ist stets die Trennung von Gasen. Bei den meisten Gastrennprozessen wird eine Komponente in einer möglichst reinen Form abgetrennt, welche dann bei Betriebsdruck weiter verwendet wird. Das ist entweder CO2, O2 oder H2. Allerdings sorgt die hohe Reinheit der abgetrennten Gase für hohe Wirkungsgradverluste. In alternativen Kraftwerksprozessen, zum Beispiel mit Membranen, müssen die abgetrennten O2‐ oder H2‐Ströme nicht rein sein. Im Gesamtprozess wird dennoch reines CO2 erzeugt, das untertage hoch komprimiert lagerbar ist. Allerdings ist die Entwicklung einer effizienten CCS‐Technologie eine technische Herausforderung.
Auf der Spur von Kohlendioxid
Authors: Vollmer Michael , Möllmann Klaus‐Peter
Published: July 2012

Mit kommerziellen Infrarotkameras lassen sich bereits seit einigen Jahren erfolgreich ausgewählte Gase qualitativ nachweisen. Voraussetzung ist ein thermischer Kontrast des Gases zum Hintergrund. Laboruntersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass auch CO2 ohne Probleme nachweisbar ist. Im Labor können bei Hintergrundtemperaturen von nur 35 °C minimale Gasvolumenströme von 1ml/min, entsprechend 0,5 m3/Jahr, detektiert werden, was Anwendungen beispielsweise im Bereich der CCS‐Technologie möglich erscheinen lässt.
Magische Schalen und Clusterstruktur
Authors: Nörtershäuser Wilfried , Krieger Andreas , Geppert Christopher , Neff Thomas
Published: July 2012

In manchen neutronenreichen Kernen befinden sich einzelne Neutronen sehr weit außerhalb eines Rumpfkerns. Ein Beispiel für einen solchen Halo‐Kern ist das Isotop Beryllium‐11. Kernmodelle sagen voraus, dass bei Zugabe eines weiteren Neutrons das dadurch entstehende Beryllium‐12 wieder kompakter sein sollte. Messungen von Physikern der Universität Mainz und des GSI Helmholtzzentrums Darmstadt belegen hingegen das Gegenteil. Erst neue Rechnungen der fermionischen Molekulardynamik können das überraschende Ergebnis erklären.
Ein quantenoptischer Blick auf die Planck‐Skala?
Authors: Pikovski Igor , Brukner Časlav , Aspelmeyer Markus
Published: July 2012

Eines der großen Ziele der modernen Physik ist die Vereinheitlichung von Quantentheorie und Allgemeiner Relativitätstheorie. Messbare Effekte einer solchen Quantengravitation erwartet man jedoch erst auf der Planck‐Skala von sehr kleinen Entfernungen und extrem großen Energien. Unsere Gruppe an der Universität Wien und am Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ) hat kürzlich gemeinsam mit Kollegen vom Imperial College in London einen Weg gezeigt, wie man nach indirekten Hinweisen auf Quantengravitationseffekte durch sehr kleine Änderung der Unschärferelation in einem Quantenoptikexperiment suchen kann.
Kinetic study of solvent effects on the aminolysis of O‐ethyl S‐aryl dithiocarbonates
Authors: Millán Daniela , Santos José G. , Castro Enrique A.
Published: July 2012

The nucleophilic substitution reactions of a series of O‐ethyl S‐aryl dithiocarbonates with a series of secondary alicyclic amines have been investigated, all in water–ethanol mixtures and some of them in protic and dipolar aprotic solvents. The solvent effects on rate and mechanism are studied using a multiparametric approach with solvent parameters such as acidity, basicity and polarity/polarizability. These results show that in a concerted mechanism, rate constants are increased by the increase of the solvent dipolarity/polarizability. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Short‐Term Response of Human Osteoblast‐Like Cells on Titanium Surfaces With Micro‐ and Nano‐Sized Features
Authors: Canabarro Antonio , Paiva Claudia G. , Ferreira Henrique T. , Tholt‐de‐Vasconcellos Beatriz , De‐Deus Gustavo , Prioli Rodrigo , Linhares Adriana B. R. , Alves Gutemberg G. , Granjeiro Jose M.
Published: July 2012

Since the way that human bone cells behave on contact with different surfaces topographies seems to be crucial to osseointegration, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the participation of some micro‐ and nanosized features of Ti surfaces in the short‐term response of primary human osteoblast‐like cells (HOC). Surfaces were prepared as ground (G‐Ti), hydrofluoric acid etched (HF‐Ti), and sandblasted/HF‐etched (SLA‐Ti), and analyzed using both three‐dimensional (3D) profilometer and atomic force microscope (AFM). Cell morphology was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after 4 and 24 h in culture. Cell viability, adhesion, and spreading were also evaluated 4 and 24 h after seeding over each surface. Data were compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA) complemented by Duncan test. Cell morphology, cell counting, and membrane integrity (Neutral Red, NR) were not affected by surface treatment at any time. However, HF‐Ti presented the smallest surface area and did not increase tetrazolium hydroxide (XTT) reduction from 4 to 24 h. On the other hand, a higher level of spreading was only found on the rougher and isotropic SLA‐Ti at 4 h. In conclusion, although all evaluated Ti surfaces allowed HOC short‐term adhesion, the finer topography introduced by HF as single treatment did not favor HOC mitochondrial activity and spreading. The rougher and more complex SLA surface seems to provide a better substrate for HOC short‐term response. SCANNING 34: 378‐386, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Erneuerung Rheinvorlandbrücke Worms: Brückenkonstruktion und Zusammenwirken mit dem Eisenbahnoberbau – Teil 1
Authors: Knob Wolfgang , Eckersberg Gerald , Erlenbusch Bernd , Casper Hans‐Joachim , Frühauf Wolfgang
Published: July 2012

Mit der Rheinvorlandbrücke Worms wurde eine bestehende, aus dem Jahr 1900 stammende Eisenbahnbrücke als moderne Stahlverbundfachwerkbrücke mit zweigleisigem Querschnitt unter laufendem Eisenbahnbetrieb erneuert. Unter den vorgegebenen Rand‐ und Herstellbedingungen stellt sie eine innovative und äußerst anspruchsvolle Ingenieuraufgabe dar. Nicht weniger herausfordernd war die Planung des Eisenbahnoberbaus, insbesondere im Übergang zwischen Rheinvorlandbrücke und anschließender Rheinbrücke. Mit der neuen Rheinvorlandbrücke wurde nicht nur ein gestalterisch, konstruktiv und funktional hervorragendes Brückenbauwerk geschaffen, auch der Eisenbahnoberbau im Übergang zwischen Rheinvorlandbrücke und Rheinbrücke wurde entscheidend verbessert. Dank der gelungenen Planung an der Schnittstelle zwischen Brückenbauwerk und Eisenbahnoberbau konnte das gewünschte Ergebnis erreicht werden.

Renewal of the bridge over the Rhine lowland near Worms: Bridge construction and cooperation with the railway permanent way – Part 1. With the bridge over the Rhine lowland an existing railway bridge constructed in 1900 has been renewed as a modern composite steel and reinforced concrete framework bridge with double line cross section under running railway operation. Regarding the existing conditions of surroundings and construction, the structure represents an innovative and extremely ambitious task of engineering work. Not less challenging was the design of the railway permanent work on the bridge, especially the transition between the bridge over the Rhine lowland and the bridge over the Rhine. Regarding its design, construction and functionality, a distinguished new bridge of the Rhine lowland has been constructed. Moreover, the railway permanent way in the transition of the bridge over the Rhine lowland and the bridge over the Rhine has been improved essentially. Due to the extremely satisfying design on the intersection between bridge construction and railway permanent way the desired result could be achieved.
Die Tragfähigkeit schlanker Stützen, Rahmen und Bögen
Authors: Herzog † Max
Published: July 2012

Nach einem kurzen geschichtlichen Rückblick wird die Stabilitätslehre für Stützen, Rahmen und Bögen aus Baustahl erläutert und auf die Nachrechnung von sechs großen Versuchskörpern angewendet. Der Vergleich mit den gemessenen Tragfähigkeiten zeigt, dass die Größe der in der Berechnung angenommenen Verformung beim Versagen des betrachteten Stabtragwerks von ausschlaggebender Bedeutung für das Rechenergebnis ist. Ein Umstand, der sowohl in der alten DIN 4114 (1952) als auch in der neueren DIN 18800 (1990) und im neuen EC 3 (DIN EN 1993‐1‐3 vom Dezember 2010) ungenügend berücksichtigt wurde. Wegen der zu kleinen rechnerischen Bruchverformungen fallen die Tragsicherheiten nach den vorgenannten Normen im Allgemeinen zu groß aus.

The ultimate capacity of slender columns, frames and arches. After a short historical review the theory of stability for columns, frames and arches of structural steel is explained and applied to the posterior analysis of six large test structures. The comparison with the measured ultimate capacities shows that the assumed size of the structural deformation at collapse is of decisive importance which was insufficiently considered in the old German standard DIN 4114 (1952) as well as in the newer one DIN 18800 (1990) and in the new Eurocode EC 3 (DIN 1993‐1‐3 of December 2010). As the introduced collapse deformations are too small the safety predictions according to the above mentioned standards are generally big.
“My God Wants Me to Live Simply”: The Constructed Selfhood of Faith‐Based Simple Livers
Authors: Kahl Kristina
Published: July 2012

This study examines how participants in the faith‐based voluntary simplicity movement, referred to here as “Simple Livers,” draw on the complex interactions of ideology and emotions as they construct a moral identity focused on social change. Drawing on qualitative data from participant observation and interviews, I examine the use of moral repertoires—combinations of principles, practices, and feelings, including guilt, pride, and frustration, grounded in both the Christian faith and the tenets of voluntary simplicity. I engage with the new literature on lifestyle movements to argue that the moral repertoires of Simple Livers reinforce these ideologies, resulting in the construction of an over‐conforming moral self.
M2-M5 blackfold funnels
Authors: Niarchos Vasilis , Siampos Konstadinos
Published: June 2012

Abstract

We analyze the basic M2-M5 intersection in the supergravity regime using the blackfold approach. This approach allows us to recover the 1/4-BPS self-dual string soliton solution of Howe, Lambert and West as a three-funnel solution of an effective fivebrane worldvolume theory in a new regime, the regime of a large number of M2 and M5 branes. In addition, it allows us to discuss finite temperature effects for non-extremal self-dual string soliton solutions and wormhole solutions interpolating between stacks of M5 and anti-M5 branes. The purpose of this paper is to exhibit these solutions and their basic properties.
Universal constraints on low-energy flavour models
Authors: Calibbi Lorenzo , Lalak Zygmunt , Pokorski Stefan , Ziegler Robert
Published: July 2012

Abstract

It is pointed out that in a general class of flavour models one can identify certain universally present FCNC operators, induced by the exchange of heavy flavour messengers. Their coefficients depend on the rotation angles that connect flavour and fermion mass basis. The lower bounds on the messenger scale are derived using updated experimental constraints on the FCNC operators. The obtained bounds are different for different operators and in addition they depend on the chosen set of rotations. Given the sensitivity expected in the forthcoming experiments, the present analysis suggests interesting room for discovering new physics. As the highlights emerge the leptonic processes, μ → eγ, μ → eee and μ → e conversion in nuclei.
Elliptic genera of non-compact Gepner models and mirror symmetry
Authors: Ashok Sujay K. , Troost Jan
Published: July 2012

Abstract

We consider tensor products of N = 2 minimal models and non-compact conformal field theories with N = 2 superconformal symmetry, and their orbifolds. The elliptic genera of these models give rise to a large and interesting class of real Jacobi forms. The tensor product of conformal field theories leads to a natural product on the space of completed mock modular forms. We exhibit families of non-compact mirror pairs of orbifold models with c = 9 and show explicitly the equality of elliptic genera, including contributions from the long multiplet sector. The Liouville and cigar deformed elliptic genera transform into each other under the mirror transformation.
Increased brown bear predation on sika deer fawns following a deer population irruption in eastern Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Kobayashi Kyoko , Sato Yoshikazu , Kaji Koichi
Published: June 2012

By the 1970s, brown bears (Ursus arctos) in Hokkaido, northern Japan, were opportunistic omnivores that mainly depended on plant materials. Because the sika deer (Cervus nippon) population irrupted in eastern Hokkaido in the 1990s, we expected that brown bears might prey on sika deer fawns. First, we developed a simple and cost‐effective method of monitoring possible bear predation on deer fawns by analyzing the widths of deer hairs remained in bear scats. Based on hair thickness standards, we distinguished the brown bear consumption of deer fawns from adults by analyzing bear scats (n = 108) collected during the deer birthing season (late May–late July) in 1999–2008. To evaluate the importance of fawns to bears, we compared the occurrence of fawn and adult deer hairs in bear scats among three periods (I, 1999–2000; II, 2003–2005; III, 2006–2008) in eastern Hokkaido. The occurrence of fawn hairs in bear scats increased from 12.5 to 27.3 % in volume and from 6.3 to 33.6 % in frequency from period I to period III, whereas adult hairs in scats decreased from 42.8 to 26.1 % in volume and from 34.4 to 22.7 % in frequency during the same time. These data suggest that bears increasingly preyed on deer fawns after the deer population irruption and decreasingly used adult carcasses because of the enforcement of deer carcass treatment by the Hokkaido government.
Invasive Eupatorium adenophorum suffers lower enemy impact on carbon assimilation than native congeners
Authors: Zheng Y.‐L. , Feng Y.‐L. , Wang R.‐F. , Shi X.‐D. , Lei Y.‐B. , Han L.‐H.
Published: June 2012

Enemy release hypothesis predicts that alien plants that escape from their natural enemies suffer lower enemy regulation in their introduced ranges than in native ranges. An extension of this theory suggests that if enemy release plays a crucial role in invasive success, then in the introduced range, invasive plants should also suffer lower local enemy impact than native residents (local enemy release hypothesis, LERH). In order to test LERH, we compared invasive Eupatorium adenophorum with two native congeners (E. heterophyllum and E. japonicum) in terms of damage by leaf enemies at two natural field sites and two manipulated sites. We also determined enemy impact on carbon assimilation at two manipulated sites. In each site, E. adenophorum was only damaged by herbivores, while in native congeners, leaf scabs or (and) leaf rolls was found in addition to herbivory damage. In both manipulated sites, the total enemy impact on carbon assimilation was lower for E. adenophorum than for native congeners; this observation was consistent with LERH. The results of this study indicate that a short co‐existence time with generalist enemies (behavior constraint) might be the main contributor to the lower enemy impact on E. adenophorum.
Variability of local spatial structure in a wave‐regenerated Abies forest
Authors: Suzuki Satoshi N. , Kachi Naoki , Suzuki Jun‐Ichirou
Published: June 2012

Although some studies have demonstrated temporal patterns of changes in spatial structure during forest development, few studies have examined the variability of spatial structure between stands at the same developmental stage. In the present study, we investigated variations of spatial structure between sites at the same developmental stage for three developmental stages (sapling, intermediate, and mature) in a wave‐regenerated Abiesveitchii and Abies mariesii forest. The spatial structure of tree heights in each plot was analyzed by using the mark correlation and mark variogram methods, and the pattern of tree locations in each plot was analyzed by using the pair‐correlation function. Analysis of the spatial height structure indicated that a size hierarchy between neighboring trees (a local size hierarchy) generally did not develop at the sapling stage. A local size hierarchy developed in most plots during the two later stages. There was no obvious difference among developmental stages in the spatial pattern of tree locations because of the large variation within each stage. Our results demonstrate that large variation in spatial structure existed between sites in the wave‐regenerated Abies forest, even at the same developmental stage. The variability in spatial structure confirmed the importance of stochastic factors in forest dynamics.
Thermodynamics of Micellization of Sulfobetaine Surfactants in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Cheng Cheng‐jie , Qu Guang‐miao , Wei Ji‐jun , Yu Tao , Ding Wei
Published: June 2012

The thermodynamics of micellization of the sulfobetaine (SB) amphoteric surfactants, that is N‐alkyl‐N,N‐dimethyl‐3‐ammonio‐1‐propanesulfonate and N‐alkyl‐N,Nd‐imethyl‐3‐ammonio‐1‐butanesulfonate (the carbon atom number of the alkyl chain is 12, 14 and 16 respectively) in aqueous solution, have been studied by surface tension measurements with the temperature range from 298.15 to 318.15 K. The critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of SB n‐3 and SB n‐4 surfactants were determined from the drop‐volume methods at different temperatures. The obtained results indicated that the values of critical micelle concentration strongly depended on the surfactants species and temperatures. Thermodynamic parameters (, and ) of the micelle formation were determined. The micellization was found to be enthalpy‐driven at lower temperatures, while this process was entropy‐driven at higher temperatures. The enthalpy–entropy compensation were also investigated. The compensation temperature Tc and decreased, while increased with the increase in the hydrophobic chain length.