bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Faktor-Faktor Yang Memengaruhi Kebiasaan Buang Air Besar Sembarangan (BABS) Desa Pematang Jering Kecamatan Sei Suka Kabupaten Batu Bara Tahun 2023
Authors: Meirindany Tina
Published: August 2023

Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat terdiri dari lima pilar dimana pilar pertama adalah program stop buang air besar sembarangan. Program ini bertujuan menjaga lingkungan menjadi bersih, sehat, nyaman dan tidak berbau. Akan tetapi program ini masih diabaikan oleh sebagian besar masyarakat Desa Pematang Jering Kecamatan Sei Suka. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kebiasaan Buang Air Besar Sembarangan (BABS) di Desa Pematang Jering Kecamatan Sei Suka Kabupaten Batu Bara Tahun 2023. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan cross sectional untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kebiasaan buang air besar sembarangan (BABS) masyarakat Desa Pematang Jering Kecamatan Sei Suka yang terdiri dari pengetahuan, sikap, pendidikan dan penghasilan. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner. Data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini dianalisis dengan univariat dan bivariat melalui uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan pengetahuan (p=0,001), sikap (p=0,004) dan penghasilan (p=0,042) dengan kebiasaan buang air besar sembarangan masyarakat Desa Pematang Jering Kecamatan Sei Suka. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil dari penelitian adalah terdapat hubungan pengetahuan, sikap dan penghasilan dengan dengan kebiasaan buang air besar sembarangan masyarakat Desa Pematang Jering Kecamatan Sei Suka
Nilai Religius dalam Syair “Perahu” Karya Hamzah Fansuri: Pendekatan Semiotik
Authors: Hilmi Naufah Ainiyyah , Rosita Nila , Nadiyah Apipah
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study is to describe religious values through the depiction of icons, indexes, and symbols in Hamzah Fansuri's poem Perahu. This research includes qualitative research that uses descriptive design and semiotic approach. The data used in this study was the poem Perahu by Hamzah Fansuri. The results showed three main aspects of religion, namely aspects of creed, sharia, and morals. The religious value in the aspect of creed is faith in the last days and belief in the eternal afterlife. Religious values in the aspect of sharia are the importance of prayer and remembrance, the call not to neglect worship, and to get closer to Allah in a faithful way. Religious values in moral aspects such as the importance of maintaining good values, good deeds as provisions in the afterlife, and the importance of doing good in order to get rewards in the hereafter.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan nilai religius melalui penggambaran ikon, indeks, dan simbol dalam syair Perahu karya Hamzah Fansuri. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kualitatif yang menggunakan desain deskriptif dan pendekatan semiotik. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah syair Perahu karya Hamzah Fansuri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tiga aspek pokok religius, yakni aspek akidah, syariah, dan akhlak. Nilai religius dalam aspek akidah adalah iman kepada hari akhir dan percaya akan kehidupan akhirat yang abadi. Nilai religius dalam aspek syariah adalah pentingnya salat dan berzikir, seruan agar tidak melalaikan ibadah, dan mendekatkan diri kepada Allah dengan cara iktikaf. Nilai religius dalam aspek akhlak seperti pentingnya menjaga nilai-nilai kebaikan, perbuatan baik sebagai bekal di akhirat, dan pentingnya berbuat baik agar mendapat balasan di akhirat.
Struktur Fisik dan Batin Kumpulan Pantun Karya Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana
Authors: Arsita Dea , Atiyatussa’adah Nurlaeli , Maulana Amri
Published: August 2023

This study aims to describe and analyze the structure of the collection of rhymes, both physical and mental, written by Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana, totaling 21 pantuns. This research is descriptive qualitative, the method used in this study is a note-taking method where researchers listen to a collection of rhymes by Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana which then records important points in accordance with the problems that have been formulated by the researcher. Rhyme analysis has an influence on rhyme writing skills for students, it is hoped that teachers can foster student learning motivation in various ways and interesting learning methods according to the teacher's ability. This study concluded that the discovery of physical structures in the form of diction, imagining, namely visual (vision), auditive (hearing) and tactile (taste) imagining, concrete words, figurative language, and rhymes found two types of rhymes, namely rhymes based on sound (perfect rhymes, imperfect, open and closed) and rhymes based on the location of words (beginning and middle). While the inner structure is found namely theme, feeling, tone and atmosphere, and message.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan serta menganalisis struktur kumpulan pantun baik fisik maupun batin karangan Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana yang berjumlah 21 pantun. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kualitatif, metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode simak catat di mana peneliti menyimak kumpulan pantun karya Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana yang kemudian mencatat poin-poin penting sesuai dengan permasalahan yang telah dirumuskan oleh peneliti. Analisis pantun mempunyai pengaruh terhadap keterampilan menulis pantun bagi siswa, diharapkan guru dapat menumbuhkan motivasi belajar siswa dengan berbagai cara dan metode pembelajaran yang menarik sesuai dengan kemampuan guru. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ditemukannya struktur fisik berupa diksi, pengimajian yaitu pengimajian visual (penglihatan), auditif (pendengaran) dan taktil (rasa), kata konkret, bahasa figuratif, serta rima yang ditemukan adanya dua jenis rima yaitu rima berdasarkan bunyi (rima sempurna, tak sempurna, terbuka dan tertutup) dan rima berdasarkan letak kata (awal dan tengah). Sedangkan struktur batin ditemukan yaitu tema, perasaan, nada dan suasana, serta amanat.
ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DO INDICADOR PROPORÇÃO DE GESTANTES QUE FIZERAM EXAMES DE HIV E SÍFILIS PELOS PAINÉIS DE INDICADORES DA SECRETARIA DE ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE EM UMA CIDADE DO OESTE DO PARANÁ
Authors: Matos Silvia Regina Seibel de , Moscal Aline Pedroso , Corrêa Amanda Sarmento , Luz Renata Garcez , Ferrandin Rafaela Röhl , Cavalli Luciana Osorio
Published: August 2023

Gestação é um processo fisiológico que, para que ocorra da melhor forma possível é necessário que a mulher gestante faça um pré-natal de maneira adequada, e é responsabilidade da equipe de saúde da família assegurar que a mesma faça todos os exames e tenha os cuidados necessários. Diante disso, o Ministério da Saúde tem uma série de indicadores de saúde que servem para poder observar como está sendo a atenção à saúde e um deles é a proporção de gestantes que fizeram exames de HIV e sífilis. Para melhor analisar os dados, foram criados os Painéis de Indicadores da Saúde que fazem parte do Programa Previne Brasil que veio para mudar a forma que a distribuição de pagamento, os indicadores servirão como base para o repasse de verba por desempenho, o que estimula uma atenção de mais qualidade. O objetivo dessa pesquisa é analisar quantitativamente a proporção de gestantes que fizeram os exames de HIV e sífilis na atenção primária e que os dados estão disponíveis nos Painéis de Indicadores do Ministério da Atenção Primária desde 2018 até 2022. Pode-se observar que antes de ser obrigatório colocar os dados na plataforma, as porcentagens do indicador eram baixas, mas depois de 2021 aumentaram significativamente – o que pode indicar que a razão das porcentagens baixas antes era pelo fato de não colocar os dados na plataforma; as regiões Norte e Nordeste sempre apresentam uma porcentagem maior que as demais, o que indica que desde o começo participaram do programa. Sendo assim, conclui-se que alimentar os dados dos Painéis de Indicadores é relevantes uma vez que mostra como está sendo realizada a atenção à saúde e o pagamento por desempenho incentiva as equipes a trabalharem de maneira mais assertiva. O indicador proporção de gestantes que fizeram exames de HIV e sífilis é importante, uma vez que, assegura um pré-natal que diminui a mortalidade materna e fetal.
PENERAPAN METODE MULTI OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION ON THE BASIC OF RATIO ANALYSIS (MOORA) UNTUK PEMILIHAN PENERIMA BANTUAN LANGSUNG TUNAI DI DESA ILOMANGGA
Authors: Handayani Tri Pratiwi , Pratiwi I Wantu  , Irawan Ibrahim  , Hilmansyah Gani
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengimplementasikan algoritma Multi-Objective Optimization on the Basis of Ratio Analysis (MOORA) sebagai Pendukung Keputusan dalam memilih penerima Bantuan Tunai Langsung di Desa Ilomangga, Gorontalo. Dengan dataset sebanyak 169 calon penerima, penelitian ini berfokus pada pengembangan pendekatan yang efisien untuk membantu kepala desa dalam proses pemilihan penerima manfaat. Dengan menggabungkan optimisasi multi-obyektif dan analisis rasio, algoritma MOORA secara objektif mengevaluasi dan mengurutkan penerima berdasarkan kelayakan dan kesesuaian. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan efektivitas MOORA dalam menyederhanakan proses seleksi, memastikan transparansi, dan mengoptimalkan alokasi sumber daya bagi mereka yang paling membutuhkan. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi pada sistem pendukung keputusan dengan memperlihatkan implementasi praktis MOORA.
ANALISA PENGEDALIAN KUALITAS PADA PROSES PRODUKSI CYLINDER BLOCK EJ59 UNTUK MENGURANGI CACAT PRODUK MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN METODE KAIZEN PADA PT. ASIAN ISUZU CASTING CENTER
Authors: Andrian Susilo Nugroho  , Ari Zaqi Al Faritsy
Published: August 2023

Asian Isuzu Casting Center merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang manufaktur casting parts fo engine. Dengan produk utama Cylinder Block EJ59. Pada bulan Januari-2022 s/d Maret-2023 masih ditemukan produk yang tidak sesuai dengan spesifikasi atau cacat. Jumlah kecacatan setiap bulannya dengan rata-rata keseluruhan sebesar 4%, bila dijumlahkan produksi Cylinder Block EJ59 sebanyak 200.923 per-unit dan terdapat produk defect sebanyak 17.911. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengurangi cacat produk pada produksi Cylinder Block EJ59. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang telah dilakukan pada proses produksi Cylinder Block EJ59 dibagian moulding terdapat empat jenis defect yaitu defect sunakui, defect yakitsuki, defect yumore, dan defect norokui. Dari hasil peta kendali P menyatakan bahwa keempat jenis produk defect yang diperoleh tidak ada yang melewati batas control UCL maupun batas control LCL. Maka dari itu kerusakan pada proses produksi Cylinder Block EJ59 masih berada di dalam batas-batas pengendalian. Dari hasil Fmea didapatkan nilai RPN (Risk Priority Number) dari keempat jenis defect antara lain 350,270,240 dan 150. Faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya kerusakan pada proses produksi Cylinder Block EJ59 dari hasil diagram fishbone adalah faktor manusia, metode, mesin dan bahan baku. Setelah diketahui penyebab defect, maka dilakukan usulan perbaikan menggunakan 5W+1H dan pelaksanaan 5S guna mengurangi jumlah defect pada proses produksi Cylinder Block EJ59 yaitu dengan membuat jadwal perawatan dan pembersihan mesin produksi, pengecekan bahan baku diawal sebelum masuk kegudang penyimpanan bahan baku, mengawasi operator terkait penuangan cairan pouring kedalam cetakan mould dan diberlakukan  SOP  agar  operator  memiliki kedisiplinan dan loyalitas pada saat bekerja
Perancangan Mesin Loading-Unloading untuk Mesin TruPunch 5000
Authors: Reza Vannessa Valentina  , Bisono Fipka , Fais Hamzah
Published: August 2023

Mesin TruPunch 5000 merupakan mesin pemotong dengan penggerak hidrolik yang menghasilkan tekanan hingga 1.600 langkah permenit, memiliki working area dengan ukuran 3050 mm x 1550 mm. Proses loading dan unloading pada mesin TruPunch 5000 menggunakan proses secara manual. Dimana untuk proses ini diperlukan 2 operator, 1 operator untuk melakukan proses loading dan unloading dan 1 operator untuk handle mesin pada saat pengambilan plat dari mesin agar kembali menyala. Sehingga penulis merancangkan alat bantu alternatif mesin loading-unloading yang diperlukan dalam pembuatan mesin agar mempercepat proses produksi. Metode perancangan yang digunakan adalah Metode Ulrich dengan membuat tiga konsep desain yang nantinya akan dipilih satu desain terbaik sesuai kriteria seleksi. Pembuatan desain dan analisis kekuatan struktur menggunakan Software Fusion 360 yang berbasis Finite Element Methods. Analisis kekuatan struktur mesin loading-unloading pada konsep terpilih didapatkan hasil dengan nilai tegangan (von mises stress) maksimum sebesar 80,9 MPa pada analisis software dengan batas tegangan izin material ASTM A36 sebesar 166,667 MPa. Kemudian didapatkan nilai safety factor sebesar 3, yang berarti struktur rangka mesin aman untuk digunakan.
Análise de ferramentas digitais colaborativas para pessoas com deficiência visual
Authors: Cardoso Santos Andreza , Sá Brito Luciana , Fonseca da Silva Dias Angélica
Published: August 2023

Este trabalho apresenta uma análise das principais ferramentas utilizadas pelas pessoas com deficiência visual para edição e leitura de documentos. O estudo apresenta as dificuldades encontradas pelos alunos cegos no uso de ferramentas e aplicativos online acessíveis que promovam a edição colaborativa. Esta pesquisa foi aplicada através de  questionários para professores cegos e videntes, participantes de um curso online sobre tecnologia assistiva durante a pandemia, realizado em uma universidade pública federal. Este estudo tem como objetivo extrair e analisar a relação entre qualidade, usabilidade, funcionalidade e adequação às ferramentas digitais mais utilizadas por este público. Os resultados da pesquisa apresentam indícios de melhorias para um artefato colaborativo capaz de propiciar o compartilhamento do conhecimento e a inclusão de alunos cegos nas salas de aula e nas tarefas cotidianas.
Resolving heterogeneous fluxes from tundra halves the growing season carbon budget
Authors: Ludwig Sarah M. , Schiferl Luke , Hung Jacqueline , Natali Susan M. , Commane Roisin
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Landscapes are often assumed to be homogeneous when interpreting eddy covariance fluxes, which can lead to biases when gap-filling and scaling-up observations to determine regional carbon budgets. Tundra ecosystems are heterogeneous at multiple scales, with variation in plant functional types, soil moisture, thaw depth, and microtopography, for example, influencing net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes. With warming temperatures, Arctic ecosystems could change from a net sink to a net source of carbon to the atmosphere in some locations, but the carbon balance remains highly uncertain. In this study we report results from growing season NEE and CH4 fluxes from an eddy covariance tower in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta in Alaska. We used footprint models and Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods to un-mix tower observations into constituent landcover fluxes based on high resolution landcover maps of the tower region. We compared three types of footprint models and used two landcover maps with varying complexity to determine the effects of these choices on derived ecosystem fluxes. We used artificially created gaps of withheld observations to compare gap-filling performance using our derived landcover-specific fluxes and traditional gap-filling methods that assume homogeneous landscapes. We also compared resulting regional carbon budgets when scaling-up observations using heterogeneous and homogeneous approaches. Traditional gap-filling methods performed worse at predicting artificially withheld gaps in NEE than those that accounted for heterogeneous landscapes, while there were only slight differences between footprint models and landcover maps. We identified and quantified hot spots of carbon fluxes in the landscape (e.g., late growing season emissions from wetlands and small ponds). We resolved distinct seasonality in tundra growing season NEE fluxes. Scaling while assuming a homogeneous landscape overestimated the growing season CO2 sink by a factor of two and underestimated CH4 emissions by a factor of two when compared to scaling with any method that accounts for landscape heterogeneity. We show how Bayesian MCMC, analytical footprint models, and high resolution landcover maps can be leveraged to derive detailed landcover carbon fluxes from eddy covariance timeseries. These results demonstrate the importance of landscape heterogeneity when scaling carbon emissions across the Arctic.
Global and Indian precipitation responses to anthropogenic aerosol and carbon dioxide forcings from PDRMIP experiments
Authors: Das Sushant , Bender Frida , Mauritsen Thorsten
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Global precipitation change in response to climate change is closely related to surface temperature, the forcing agent, and the atmospheric dry energy budget, but regional precipitation change is more complex. In this study, we use experiments from the Precipitation Driver and Response Model Intercomparison Project (PDRMIP) wherein carbon dioxide, sulfate aerosols, and black carbon aerosols are perturbed to study the global precipitation response in contrast with the regional response over India. The response to global warming from carbon dioxide increases precipitation both globally and regionally, whereas the cooling response to sulfate aerosol leads to a reduction in precipitation in both cases. The response to black carbon aerosols, however, is a global decrease but a regional increase of precipitation over India. The mechanism is increased atmospheric heating driving a stronger monsoon circulation and stronger low-level winds. This intensification of the Indian monsoon is, somewhat surprisingly, stronger for global black carbon emissions than when the emissions are limited to those from the Asian region. Overall, our study presents heterogeneity in precipitation responses at both global and regional levels and the potential underlying physical processes under a variety of climate forcings that would be useful in designing further model experiments with higher spatial resolution.
Opposite effects of aerosols and meteorological parameters on warm clouds in two contrasting regions over eastern China
Authors: Liu Yuqin , Lin Tao , Zhang Jiahua , Wang Fu , Huang Yiyi , Wu Xian , Ye Hong , Zhang Guoqin , Cao Xin , de Leeuw Gerrit
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Aerosol and cloud properties retrieved from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on-board the Aqua satellite were used to investigate aerosol-cloud interaction (ACI) over eastern China, using AOD as a proxy for the aerosol concentration, during a period of 15 years (2008–2022). Two contrasting areas were selected: the heavily polluted Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and a clean area over the East China Sea (ECS). Linear regression analysis shows the opposite behaviour of the CER-AOD relationship in the two different aerosol regimes. CER decreases with the increase of AOD in the moderately polluted atmosphere (0.1<AOD<0.3) over the ECS, in agreement with the Twomey effect. However, in the polluted atmosphere (AOD>0.3) over the YRD, CER increases with increasing AOD. Evaluation of the ACI index (here defined as the change in CER as a function of AOD) as function of the cloud liquid water path (LWP) shows that in the moderately polluted atmosphere over the ECS the ACI index is significant and positive in the LWP interval [40 g m-2, 200 g m-2], and increases substantially with increasing LWP. In contrast, in the polluted atmosphere over the YRD the ACI index is significant and negative in the LWP interval [0 g m-2, 120 g m-2] and does not change notably as function of LWP in this interval. To further analyse the influence of AOD and meteorological conditions on cloud parameters, the geographical detector method (GDM) has been used. The results show that all factors have a significant influence on the cloud parameters over the ECS, except for CTP, but the influence of AOD is larger than that of any of the meteorological factors. Among the meteorological factors, LTS has the largest influence on the cloud parameters and RH the smallest. Over the YRD, the explanatory power of the effect of AOD and meteorological parameters on cloud parameters is much smaller than over the ECS, except for RH which has a statistically significant influence on CTP and can explain 65 % of the variation of CTP. The combined effect of meteorological factors and AOD on cloud parameters enhances the explanatory power over the effect of individual parameters. The study further shows that over the ECS the effect of RH and LTS on the CER/AOD relationship is opposite to that of PVV. Over the YRD, The CER is larger in unstable atmospheric conditions (low LTS) than in stable conditions, irrespective of the AOD and the CER is much larger in high relative humidity conditions than in low relative humidity conditions.
Coevolving edge rounding and shape of glacial erratics; the case of Shap granite, UK
Authors: Carling Paul
Published: August 2023

Abstract. The size distributions and the shapes of detrital rock clasts can shed light on the environmental history of the clast assemblages and the processes responsible for clast comminution. For example, mechanical fracture due to the stresses imposed on a basal rock surface by a body of flowing glacial ice releases initial ‘parent’ shapes of large blocks of rock from outcrop, which then are modified by the mechanics of abrasion and fracture during subglacial transport. The latter processes produce subsequent generations of shapes, possibly distinct in form from the parent blocks. Lacking is a complete understanding of both the processes responsible for block shape changes and the trends in shape adjustment with time and distance away from the source outcrop. Field data on edge rounding and shape changes of Shap granite blocks (dispersed by Devensian ice eastwards from outcrop) are used herein to explore the systematic changes in block form with distance from the outcrop. The degree of edge rounding for individual blocks increases in a punctuated fashion with the distance from the outcrop as blocks fracture repeatedly to introduce new fresh unrounded edges. In contrast, block shape is conservative, with parent blocks fracturing to produce self-similar ‘child’ shapes with distance. Measured block shapes evolve in accord with two well-known models for block fracture mechanics ─ 1) stochastic and 2) silver ratio models ─ towards one or other of these two attractor states. Progressive reduction in block size, in accord with fracture mechanics, reflects the fact that most blocks were transported at the sole of the ice mass and were subject to the compressive and tensile forces of the ice acting on the stoss surfaces of blocks lying against a bedrock or till surface. The interpretations might apply to a range of homogeneous hard rock lithologies.
Anticipating a risky future: LSTM models for spatiotemporal extrapolation of population data in areas prone to earthquakes and tsunamis in Lima, Peru
Authors: Geiß Christian , Maier Jana , So Emily , Schoepfer Elisabeth , Harig Sven , Gomez Zapata Juan Camilo , Zhu Yue
Published: August 2023

Abstract. In this paper, we anticipate geospatial population distributions to quantify the future number of people living in earthquake-prone and tsunami-prone areas of Lima and Callao, Peru. We capitalize upon existing gridded population time series data sets, which are provided on an open source basis globally, and implement machine learning models tailored for time series analysis, i.e., Long Short-Term Memory-based (LSTM) networks, for prediction of future time steps. In detail, we harvest WorldPop population data and learn LSTM and Convolutional LSTM models equipped with both unidirectional and bidirectional learning mechanisms and derived from different feature sets, i.e., driving factors. To gain insights regarding the competitive performance of LSTM-based models in this application context, we also implement multilinear regression and Random Forest models for comparison. The results clearly underline the value of the LSTM-based models for forecasting gridded population data. The best trained model is deployed for anticipation of population along a three-year interval until the year 2035. Especially in areas of high peak ground acceleration of 207–210 , the population will experience a growth of almost 30 % over the forecasted time span which simultaneously corresponds to 70 % of the predicted additional inhabitants of Lima. The population in the tsunami inundation area will grow by 61 % until 2035, which is substantially more than the average growth of 35 % for the city. Uncovering those relations can help urban planners and policy makers to develop effective risk mitigation strategies.
Deep Temporal Convolutional Networks for F10.7 Radiation Flux Short-Term Forecasting
Authors: Wang Luyao , Zhang Hua , Zhang Xiaoxin , Peng Guangshuai , Li Zheng
Published: August 2023

Abstract. F10.7, the solar radiation flux at a wavelength of 10.7 cm (F10.7), is often used as an important parameter input in various space weather models and is also a key parameter for measuring the strength of solar activity levels. Therefore, it is valuable to study and forecast F10.7. In this paper, the temporal convolutional network (TCN) approach in deep learning is used to predict the daily value of F10.7. The F10.7 series from 1957 to 2019 are used, which the datasets from 1957 to 2008 are used for training and the datasets from 2009 to 2019 are used for testing. The results show that the TCN model of prediction F10.7 with a root mean square error (RMSE) from 5.03 to 5.44sfu and correlation coefficients (R) as high as 0.98 during solar cycle 24. The overall accuracy of the TCN forecasts is better than those of the widely used autoregressive (AR) models and the results of the US Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) forecasts especially for 2 and 3 days ahead. In addition ,the TCN model is slightly better than other neural network models like backward propagation network (BP) and long short-term memory network (LSTM) in terms of the solar radiation flux F10.7 forecast. The TCN model predicted F10.7 with a lower root mean square error, a higher correlation coefficient and the better overall model prediction.
Provenance, protolith and metamorphic ages of jadeite-bearing orthogneiss and host paragneiss at Tavagnasco, the Sesia Zone, Lower Aosta Valley, Italy
Authors: Gilotti Jane A. , McClelland William C. , Schorn Simon , Compagnoni Roberto , Coble Matthew A.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. An eclogite-facies orthogneiss and host paragneiss from a quarry
near Tavagnasco in the Lower Aosta Valley were studied in order to refine
the protolith, provenance and metamorphic ages of the Eclogitic Micaschist
Complex of the Sesia Zone. The orthogneiss contains jadeite with quartz + phengite + K-feldspar ± garnet + rutile + zircon, whereas the
paragneiss hosts garnet + jadeite + phengite ± glaucophane + epidote + rutile + quartz. Phase diagram modeling of two representative
samples yields minimum equilibration conditions of 550 ± 50 ∘C and 18 ± 2 kbar. Cathodoluminescence images of zircon from the
orthogneiss show oscillatory-zoned cores that are embayed and overgrown by
complex, oscillatory-zoned rims. Four concordant secondary ion mass
spectrometry analyses from the cores give a weighted mean
206Pb / 238U age of 457 ± 5 Ma. The cores have Th/U = 0.1
and negative Eu anomalies indicative of an igneous protolith, which we
interpret to have crystallized in the Ordovician at 780 ∘C, based
on Ti-in-zircon measurements. Zircon rims yield a range of
206Pb / 238U dates from 74 to 86 Ma, and four concordant analyses
define a weighted mean 206Pb / 238U age of 78 ± 2 Ma. The rims
are interpreted to have grown in the eclogite facies based on their lower
Th/U (0.01), less negative Eu anomalies and steeper heavy rare
earth element (HREE) patterns at <600 ∘C. The paragneiss yielded a detrital zircon population with
major peaks at 575–600, 655 and 765 Ma; minor older components; and a
maximum depositional age of approximately 570 Ma. The prominent
Neoproterozoic zircon population and Ediacaran depositional age suggest
derivation from the Gondwana margin. The metamorphic zircon is consistent
with the oldest eclogite-facies event in the Sesia Zone; it does not show
evidence of multiple periods of rim growth or any pre-Alpine (e.g.,
Variscan) metamorphism.
BISTATIC SCATTERING CHARACTERISTICS OF A WIND PARK TURBINE DERIVED FROM AN UAV-MOUNTED RECEIVER RECORDING C-BAND WEATHER RADAR SIGNALS
Authors: Colak E. , Patel B. V. , Vyas A. , Zichner R. , Chandra M.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. As a result of increasing use of wind energy as a sustainable source of electricity, large Wind Parks with numerous Wind Turbines have been constructed. Wind turbines are extremely tall objects consisting of stationary and moving parts. The presence of wind turbines in the vicinity of weather radar systems can significantly impact their performance, leading to false alarms and errors in radar measurements. Accurate weather forecasting is challenging in this circumstance. Large Radar Cross Section (RCS) of wind turbines results in interference, also known asWind Turbine Clutter (WTC) orWind Turbine Interference (WTI), within and beyond the radar main beam, Multipath Interference (MPI), and phenomena referred to as ”shadowing effects” behind the wind turbines. These effects vary significantly in both time and space as a result of various wind turbine operations and meteorological conditions. It can often be difficult to distinguish wind turbine returns from weather-like signals. For the assessment of WTC or WTI, it is essential to understand the scattering properties of these wind turbines. In this paper, the bistatic scattering characteristics of a wind park turbine using a Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-mounted receiver recording C-band weather radar signals were investigated by determining the average received power (PRxAvg (θs)) and RCS of wind turbine as a function of the scattering angle. For this purpose, the measurements and data provided by the German Meteorological Service (DWD, DeutscherWetterdienst) were utilised. The average received power as a function of scattering angle (θs) was calculated by using I-Q (In-phase and Quadrature) signals. Forward, back and side scattering of the calculated average received power were analysed separately. Moreover, Front-to-Back ratio, Front-to-Right side ratio and Front-to-Left side ratio were calculated and compared using forward, back and side scatter values. RCS values were also calculated depending on the scattering angle (θs) of the wind turbine.
CYCLE-GAN BASED FEATURE TRANSLATION FOR OPTICAL-SAR DATA IN BURNED AREA MAPPING
Authors: Çolak E. , Sunar F.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. For the management of the forest and the assessment of impacts on ecosystems, post-fire burned area mapping is crucial for sustainable environment and forestry. While optical remote sensing data has been extensively used for monitoring forest fires due to its spatial and temporal resolutions, it is susceptible to limitations imposed by poor weather conditions. To overcome this challenge, the complementary use of optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data is beneficial, as SAR can penetrate clouds and capture images in all-weather conditions. However, SAR lacks the necessary spectral features for comprehensive forest fire monitoring and burned area mapping. To overcome these limitations, this study proposes a Cycle-Consistent Generative Adversarial Networks (Cycle-GAN) based deep feature translation method for burned area mapping by combining optical and SAR data. This approach allows for the retrieval of precise information of interest with a level of precision that cannot be achieved by either optical or SAR data alone. The Cycle-GAN uses a cyclic structure to transfer data from one domain (optical) to another domain (SAR) into the same feature space. As a result, it can maintain its spectral characteristics while providing ongoing and current information for monitoring forest fires. For this purpose, Burn Area Index (BAI), Mid Infrared Burn Index (MIRBI), Normalised Burn Ratio (NBR) were determined using optical data and image translation was performed with Cycle-GAN on SAR data. The accuracy of the fake BAI, MIRBI and NBR spectral burn indices determined from the SAR was established by correlating the original spectral burn indices determined from the optical data. The results demonstrate a significant correlation between the real and generated fake burn indices, particularly with a noteworthy correlation coefficient of 0.93 observed for the NBR index. In addition, the findings validate the effectiveness of the generated indices in accurately representing and quantifying the extent of burned areas.
MONITORING THE SLOWLY DEVELOPING LANDSLIDE WITH THE INSAR TECHNIQUE IN SAMSUN PROVINCE, NORTHERN TURKEY
Authors: Coskun S. , Bayik C. , Abdikan S. , Gorum T. , Balik Sanli F.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Landslides are prominent natural events with high destructive power. Since they affect large areas, it is important to monitor the areas they cover and analyse their movement. Remote sensing data and image processing techniques have been used to monitor landslides in different areas. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data, particularly with the Interferometric SAR (InSAR) method, is used to determine the velocity vector of the surface motion. This study aims to detect the landslide movements in Samsun, located in the north of Turkey, using persistent scattering InSAR method. Archived Copernicus Sentinel-1 satellite images taken between 2017 and 2022 were used in both descending and ascending directions. The results revealed surface movements in the direction of the line of sight, ranging between −6 and 6 mm/year in the study area. Persistent Scatterer (PS) points were identified mainly in human structures such as roads, coasts, ports, and golf courses, especially in settlements. While some regions exhibited similar movements in both descending and ascending results, opposite movements were observed in some regions. The results produced in both descending and ascending directions were used together and decomposed into horizontal and vertical deformation components. It was observed that the western coastal part experienced approximately 4.5 cm/year vertical deformation, while the central part there is more significant horizontal deformation, reaching up to approximately 6 cm/year.
ANALYSIS OF URBAN LAND USE CHANGE USING REMOTE SENSING AND DIFFERENT CHANGE DETECTION TECHNIQUES: THE CASE OF ANKARA PROVINCE
Authors: Gurbuz M. , Cilek A.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. This study aims to use remote sensing techniques to map the urban region of Ankara from the past to the present, assessing the nature, magnitude and direction of changes within the area, including the transformation of LULC classes and explaining the driving forces behind these transformations. The study encompasses three stages. Firstly, Landsat 7 ETM+ images from 2000 and Sentinel-2 satellite images from 2020 were obtained for Ankara city and surroundings through the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. Image classification was conducted for both 2000 and 2020 using 'Blue', 'Green', 'Red', 'Vegetation Red Edge1', 'Vegetation Red Edge2', 'Vegetation Red Edge3', 'NIR', 'Vegetation Red Edge4', 'Water vapour', ' SWIR1', 'SWIR2' bands, as well as 'NDWI', 'NDVI', 'NDBI' indices on the GEE platform. LULC was classified using the Random Forest (RF) classifier, which included six classes: urban area, forest, water surfaces, open areas, agricultural areas and roads. Secondly, the LULC maps of the 2000 and 2020 images were classified using RF. The study employed the 'Categorical Change, Pixel Value Change and Time Series Change' methods to determine the transformations between LULC categories. Specifically, the urban change within the study area increased by 70% between 2000 and 2020. Over the past 20 years, from 2000 to 2020, the urban areas in Ankara expanded by 170%. Consequently, accurately determining the nature, magnitude and direction of urban development using remote sensing data offers valuable baseline information for various disciplines related to spatial planning at local and national scales.
MULTI-HAZARD SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT WITH HYBRID MACHINE LEARNING METHODS FOR TUT REGION (ADIYAMAN, TURKIYE)
Authors: Karakas G. , Kocaman S. , Gokceoglu C.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Recent Kahramanmaras earthquakes (Mw 7.7 and 7.6) occurred on 6 February 2023 have shown the importance of site selection for settlements and infrastructure considering the fact that multiple hazards may affect the same area and even interact with each other. The Kahramanmaras earthquakes triggered several landslides, which also increased the level of destruction. Here, we implemented a multi-hazard susceptibility assessment approach for Tut town of Golbasi, Adiyaman and its surroundings. Over 600 landslides were triggered in the area by the earthquakes. In addition, the region is prone to flooding and a devastating one occurred on March 15, 2023 after heavy rains. In this study, we employed co-seismic landslide inventory for landslide susceptibility assessment with random forest. Regarding flood susceptibility, a modified analytical hierarchical process was utilized based on expert opinion on factor importance. The earthquake hazard probability distribution was obtained from a distance-based interpolation of Arias intensity values. We utilized Mamdani Fuzzy Inference System for producing a multi-hazard susceptibility map from univariate maps of earthquake, landslide and flood. The result shows that the selected methods for each type of susceptibility map was suitable and the output of the study can be utilized for the site selection in Tut region, which is a crucial subject due to the need of new construction sites after the earthquakes.
DETERMINATION OF LANDSCAPE TYPOLOGY WITH REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES AND CORRELATION WITH DIFFERENT BIOCLIMATIC CONDITIONS: THE CASE OF BUYUK MENDERES BASIN
Authors: Kulahlioglu M. , Sahingoz M. , Kurt G. , Berberoglu S.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Due to the multidisciplinary nature of landscape research, there are different systems and methods for landscape identification and classification. The methodology of the study is based on landscape characterization, which is based on the pre-selection of geo-ecological and land-use related features of the landscape. For this purpose, landscape character types were identified using climate classes, land use/land cover (LULC), soil and morphological structure. In obtaining the LULC data, which is one of the major inputs of the study, 36-band images were created covering four seasons by producing NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index); LAI (Leaf Area Index); MSAVI2 (Modified Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index); fCOVER (fraction of Cover); indices, which are important in determining LULC, together with the basebands in the remotely sensed Sentinel 2 satellite data. LAI is used to determine the amount of leaves per unit area; NDVI is used to determine the green areas in the area; fCOVER is used to determine the ratio of the study area to the area covered by vegetation, MSAVI2 is used to determine the amount of vegetation cover in the study area by using the soil reflectance correction factor (L). The phenological structure of the species was statistically determined with the indices derived from satellite images, and the bioclimatic condition and landscape character type were associated with the species.
DETECTION OF DISCOMFORT INDEX WITH REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY: THE CASE OF ANTALYA PROVINCE
Authors: Şahingöz M. , Berberoğlu S.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Thermal adaptation and thermal comfort indices are critical in determining the thermal comfort of the outdoor environment. They also play an essential role in research on heat stress, an environmental threat that can affect individuals' productivity, health and even survival. Urban growth and the resulting expansion of impervious surfaces affect the thermal characteristics of a landscape by raising Land Surface Temperatures (LST). The resulting warming can lead to thermal discomfort, the prevalence of heat-related health problems, air pollution, increased water use and energy demand for air conditioning, among others. Recently, efforts to understand the effects of urbanization and landscape changes on indoor and outdoor temperatures have increased significantly. Together with remote sensing technology, this study aims to understand human heat stress, and geographic information system (GIS) is a tool used in the research. In the estimation of heat stress, besides temperature, physiological status, environmental impact and relative humidity factors are also important. The discomfort index (DI) is a heat stress indicator proposed by Thom (1959), which expresses the contribution of air temperature and relative humidity to human thermal comfort. The discomfort index proposed by Thom (1959) was calculated as DI=0.5Ta+0.5Tw (Ta: dry bulb temperature, Tw: wet bulb temperature) modified by SOHAR, Adar and Laky (1963). In the study, the dry bulb temperature, assumed to be equal to the air temperature, was taken monthly from MODIS LST data at 1km resolution. Relative humidity was produced by interpolating 73 meteorological data in the study area at 1km resolution. Wet bulb temperature is difficult to measure, so it was calculated from dry bulb temperature and relative humidity data so that the discomfort index as a measure of heat stress in the study area was calculated with a resolution of 1 km. The discomfort index was calculated monthly and annually and classified according to Thom's 4 comfort classes. According to the calculation results, Antalya's average discomfort index value for the whole year is 24.9 °C, indicating that Antalya is a moderately comfortable place. This value varies monthly, especially in April and October when the heat stress is the highest.
USING EARTH OBSERVATION TO SUPPORT FIRST AID RESPONSE IN CRISIS SITUATIONS– LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE EARTHQUAKE IN TÜRKIYE/SYRIA (2023)
Authors: Schneibel A. , Gähler M. , Halbgewachs M. , Berger R. , Brauchle J. , Geßner M. , Gstaiger V. , Hein D. , Henry C. , Merkle N. , Klein D.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. In the early morning hours on Tuesday, February 6, 2023, the southern part of Türkiye was struck by two large and several smaller earthquakes, causing destruction and casualties over a remarkably large area. In such cases, quick response and well-informed coordination is a key factor to successful first aid responses since damage and the number of people buried or in need often remain unclear in the hours after the disaster. The German Aerospace Center (DLR) responded to the earthquake by rapidly providing a number of information products, all above very high-resolution imagery in an easy-to-use web-based application. Next to satellite and drone imagery, damage information and pre-disaster imagery were provided to the users. Drone imagery was acquired in person for Kirikhan, a city in the south of the disaster area. Access to the viewer was granted to authorized users from public authorities, humanitarian aid organisations, and research institutes. Furthermore, DLR generated information products in the fields of settlement pattern, AI based damage assessment and tectonic movements. These data, as scientifically significant as they are, were not part of the web viewer. Within this paper, the reasons will be assessed as well as the general workflow of the activation. The paper will also discuss what steps need to be taken to ensure research outcomes being integrated into information products for users in future and how to prepare for the next disaster to still ensure a quick response but with an enriched product suite.
GLCM FEATURES FOR LEARNING FLOODED VEGETATION FROM SENTINEL-1 AND SENTINEL-2 DATA
Authors: Tavus B. , Kocaman S.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Efforts on flood mapping from active and passive satellite Earth Observation sensors increased in the last decade especially due to the availability of free datasets from European Space Agency’s Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 platforms. Regular data acquisition scheme also allows observing areas prone to natural hazards with a small temporal interval (within a week). Thus, before and after datasets are often available for detecting surface changes caused by flooding. This study investigates the contribution of textural variables to the predictive performance of a data-driven machine learning algorithm for detecting the effects of a flooding caused by Sardoba Dam break in Uzbekistan. In addition to the spectral channels of Sentinel-2 and polarization bands of Sentinel-1, two spectral indices (normalized difference vegetation index and modified normalized difference water index), and textural features of gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) were used with the Random Forest. Due to high dimensionality of input variables, principal component (PC) analysis was applied to the GLCM features and only the most significant PCs were used for modeling. The feature stacks used for learning were derived from both pre- and post-event Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 images. The models were validated through model test measures and external reference data obtained from PlanetScope imagery. The results show that the GLCM features improve the classification of flooded areas (from 82% to 93%) and flooded vegetation (from 17% to 78%) expressed in user’s accuracy. As an outcome of the study, the use of textural features is recommended for accurate mapping of flooded areas and flooded vegetation.
Corporate governance Role between CEO compensation and earnings management: A developing economy Perspective Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Marium Sehrish , Mustafa Usman
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship of compensation of CEO and management of earnings of firm and further investigated the corporate governance role as a moderator in this relationship in developing country, Pakistan. In this research, a sample of 100 Pakistani listed firms is used from 2012 to 2022. In e-views software, the technique of panel data is performed as the data is both time series and cross sectional, and the results of fixed effect model are used for analysis. The study finds that the impact of compensation of CEO on earnings management is positive and the relationship is moderated by governance structure of the firm. The association between compensation of CEO and management of earnings is positive and it is strengthened in weak governance system of company but this relationship weakens in strong governance system of firm. The sample of the study comprises of only CEO’s of firm. Other top management can be used to conduct this research. This study allows a clear understanding of how top management responds and reacts if corporate governance structure of the firm is weak or strong. Strong corporate governance structure can help the firm to control the manipulative behavior. The structure of CEO compensation may be designed in such a way that the interests of shareholders and managers are aligned and information asymmetry is reduced. This research adds significantly to the current literature by considering governance structure of company as a moderator between compensation of CEO and management of earnings in the perspective of Pakistan.