bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Explicaciones de los estudiantes de grado quinto al resolver problemas relacionados con progresiones aritméticas
Authors: Mendoza Bedoya Cindy Catalina , Hurtado Betancur Janeth , Mercado Romero Jorge Enrique
Published: August 2017

En la práctica pedagógica se adelanta una investigación en la cual se analizan las explicaciones escritas o verbales en estudiantes de grado quinto al resolver problemas relacionados con progresiones aritméticas.La investigación tiene como antecedentes las observaciones de clases, el rastreo de textos escolares colombianos y pruebas saber; adicionalmente las lecturas de: los Lineamientos Curriculares de Matemáticas (1998), losEstándares Básicos de Competencias (2003), y algunas investigaciones relacionadas con el estudio de patrones y regularidades a nivel nacional e internacional. (Merino, 2012; Castro, E, Cañadas, M. C. & Molina, M., 2010) Se emplea una metodología cualitativa, considerando los casos particularesen su contexto natural. Es por esto que se aplican los instrumentos para analizar la información y proponer conclusiones.
Estrategias didácticas para potenciar el pensamiento matemático a partir de situaciones del entorno métrico en estudiantes de educación básica y media del municipio de Sincelejo
Authors: Escorcia Mercado Jairo , Chaucanés Jácome Alfonso Eduardo , Medrano Suarez Atilano , Therán Palacio Eugenio
Published: August 2017

En éste trabajo se reportan resultados de la investigación que referencia el título. El proyecto se desarrolló en estudiantes de noveno grado, de Educación Básica, a través de situaciones problema del contexto sociocultural y de las ciencias, bajo un diseño cualitativo y en las tres fases ; diseño y aplicación de una prueba diagnóstica, para reconocimiento de posibles dificultades de los estudiantes, intervención en el aula, para superación delas dificultades detectadas, y una prueba de contraste, para valorar el logro de las estrategias aplicadas y obtener información para mejoramiento del aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Los resultados muestran avances significativosde los estudiantes en cuanto a la comprensión de los conceptos,procedimientos y aplicaciones del pensamiento métrico.
¿Hay matemáticas fuera de la escuela?: reflexiones de maestros de matemáticas en ejercicio
Authors: Oliveras María Luisa , Blanco-Álvarez Hilbert , Palhares Pedro
Published: August 2017

Esta comunicación presenta los avances de una investigación5 cuya primera parte tiene como objetivo analizar las convergencias y tensiones de los maestros a la hora de reconocer como matemáticas saberes extraescolares orechazarlos. El material empírico procede de un programa de formación de maestros en ejercicio en Etnomatemática realizado en Tumaco-Colombia entre julio y octubre de 2012, y está compuesto por reflexiones orales de los maestros registradas en grabaciones de audio. El marco teórico usado para el análisis de los datos ha sido la Etnomatemática de D’Ambrosio y la filosofía de las matemáticas de Wittgenstein.
Propuesta didáctica para la enseñanza de los números enteros
Authors: Rojas Gómez Jorge Alejandro , Ariza Daza Aura Alejandra
Published: August 2017

Este artículo pretende evidenciar la importancia que tiene la enseñanzade los números enteros, siendo este un proceso de bastante complejidad,el cual debe buscar por diversos medios generar un aprendizaje significativoen los estudiantes, para esto escogimos como metodología la teoríade situaciones didácticas de Brousseau, siendo esta una herramienta quepermitirá a través de unas actividades, la construcción del objeto matemáticopor parte de los estudiantes, para determinar este aprendizaje se realizaráuna evaluación constante en los estudiantes con el fin de observary analizar que ocurre en los diversos aprendizajes individuales, llegandode ese modo a una reflexión sobre lo ocurrido durante toda la gestión deldocente.
Propuesta didáctica para la enseñanza de los métodos para resolver un sistema de ecuaciones lineales
Authors: Rojas Gómez Jorge Alejandro , Ariza Daza Aura Alejandra
Published: August 2017

Este artículo pretende evidenciar la importancia que tiene la enseñanza delos métodos para resolver sistemas de ecuaciones lineales, de manera posteriora la función lineal, para esto se trabajará como metodología la teoría desituaciones didácticas de Brousseau, buscando la construcción propia de cadaestudiantes, generando en ellos un aprendizaje significativo; esto se buscará apartir de un contexto familiar para ellos, impulsando las buenas aptitudes delos estudiantes y el ánimo para envolverse dentro de la situación.
Propuesta de un material didáctico para la enseñanza aprendizaje de polinomios para población con limitación visual
Authors: Jiménez Leal Ramiro Adolfo , Barreto Perilla Dumar , Funeme Rosero Fabio Fernando
Published: August 2017

En el presente artículo se dará a conocer una propuesta de un material didácticoque permita a estudiantes invidente, trabajar el concepto de polinomiosdentro de un aula regular, esto con el propósito de abordar las necesidadesque tienen los estudiantes invidentes en el aula regular, cuando trabaja con elárea de matemáticas, específicamente con el álgebra.
Una propuesta de enseñanza para los estudiantes de grado once del I. E. D. Paulo Freire sobre la noción de límite
Authors: Olaya Duran Anderxon Fabián , Torres Mondragón Karen Yissed , Parra López Ginneth Viviana , Villamil Camelo Milton Jefferson
Published: August 2017

El siguiente documento presenta una secuencia de actividades paratrabajar la noción del concepto de limite involucrado en el pensamientovariacional en grado once, donde se toma como punto de partida el trabajocon sucesiones, permitiendo desarrollar a través del uso de diferentes tiposde sucesiones y la noción de convergencia; dicho concepto, tomado desde ladefinición de (Steward, Redlin, & Watson, 2001). Basado en la metodologíapropuesta por el grupo (DECA, 1992), la cual, no solo muestra el enseñarmatemáticas, como entregar algoritmos al estudiante, sino que por elcontrario, un aprendizaje desde la construcción del objeto matemático,resaltando la participación activa y critica del estudiante.
Acercamiento a la geometría esférica a través de la resolución de problemas, una experiencia con comunidades de práctica
Authors: Martinez Julián David , Vega Vargas Nubia Paola
Published: August 2017

En este trabajo encontraran una experiencia en el aula que trabajo sobre geometrías no euclidianas, esta busca la reivindicación de estas geometrías desdeel caso específico de la geometría esférica, una experiencia realizada mediantela metodología de resolución de problemas en el espacio de la cátedra de seminario de problemas, obteniendo como resultados un acercamiento a las geometrías no euclidianas propiedades y teoremas que se aplican en ellas comolos invariantes topológicos encontrados en varias “comunidades de práctica”.
El teorema fundamental del cálculo: Escenarios para su comprensión
Authors: Peñaloza Castro Wilson David , Suárez Cáliz Sonia Rocío , Roa Fuentes Solange
Published: August 2017

Este trabajo propone tres escenarios construidos en un software dinámicoque buscan relacionar el cálculo diferencial y el integral a través de laconstrucción comprensiva del teorema fundamental del cálculo. Dichosescenarios fueron construidos tomando como base las cuatro fases quesustentan el uso de herramientas tecnológicas en la resolución de un problemapropuestas por Santos y Moreno (2013). Se resalta el acercamientovisual y empírico a través de la construcción de la derivada como la pendientede la recta tangente a una curva, la construcción de la integral definidacomo el área bajo la curva en un intervalo cerrado y cómo éstas serelacionan en el teorema fundamental del cálculo.
Uso de GeoGebraPrim para conjeturar y justificar en primaria
Authors: Escobar Jenny Andrea , Barbosa Fredy Alejandro , Camargo Uribe Leonor
Published: August 2017

Proponemos un taller para ilustrar cómo diseñar una secuencia de actividadesque conllevan a la demostración de un teorema con niños de cuarto deprimaria, con el fin que estudiantes en formación y profesores en ejerciciotengan un acercamiento experimental de cómo se utiliza un programa degeometría dinámica en particular GeoGebraPrim en prácticas de justificary conjeturar en geometría plana a edades tempranas.
Dibujando la realidad usando las Isometrías en el plano bidimensional
Authors: Galán García Geral Stivens , Rodríguez García Yeimy
Published: August 2017

El proyecto de innovación pedagógica se centra en la enseñanza-aprendizajede las isometrías en el plano bidimensional, en los grados sexto y séptimo;se enfatiza en su utilidad para el desarrollo del arte gráfico, específicamentelas teselaciones. Se exponen los pasos a seguir para la construcción deuna unidad de teselación, haciendo uso de imágenes dadas, y el softwaregratuito Geogebra.
LA ENSEÑANZA DEL DECAIMIENTO RADIACTIVO A PARTIR DE APROXIMACIONES ANALÓGICAS
Authors: Pacheco sáenz Diego , Avendaño cubillos Aníbal
Published: August 2017

La motivación del presente trabajo es validar la importancia del estudio de la radiactividad en la enseñanza de la física. Los fenómenos físicos que se manifiestan a nivel atómico no son tangibles y de fácil demostración, pero esto de ninguna forma debe desvirtua rnuestra labor como docentes. Nuestro trabajo es encaminar el conocimiento en pro del aprendizaje del alumno y esto se consigue construyendo modelos que nos relacionen teorías y nos lleven a aproximaciones de modelos complejos. La expresión sobredecaimiento radiactivo tiene formas análogas que explican otros fenómenos, entre la que podemos mencionar: la caída de agua como fluido real de un tanque. Esta analogía nos permite contrastar un suceso de la dinámica de fluidos con el decaimiento, por esta razón nuestra propuesta didáctica se encamina en explicar el decaimiento radiactivo a partir de la construcción de un montaje donde se presente una serie radiactiva, la cual esta constituida por agua que desemboca de una serie de recipientes con orificios en sus bases. Cada nuevo recipiente donde se deposite el agua es un nuevo elemento radiactivo, distinguido con un color llamativo característico que toma cuando se vierte el agua.
ALTERNATIVA DIDÁCTICA PARA LA CARACTERIZACIÓN FISICO-QUÍMICA DE LAS LINEAS ESPECTRALES DEL SOL
Authors: Sánchez Malory Johana , Pedraza Andres Fernando
Published: August 2017

En este artículo se busca brindar una herramienta para que el docente en clase sea participe de la elaboración de un espectroscopio casero y de esta forma pueda caracterizar con sus estudiantes las líneas de emisión del espectro electromagnético producido por el sol intentando determinar su composición química. A su vez se expone la forma en que se construyó un dispositivo espectroscópico para poder observar dicho fenómeno y finalmente las mediciones obtenidas por parte de estudiantes del curso de Astronomía de la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas.
Índice de autores 2014
Authors: Gallego Patricia
Published: August 2017

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Identification of the Process of Dynamic Stretching of Threads in Warp Knitting Technology Part II: Experimental Identification of the Process of Stretching Threads, with Verification of Rheological Models
Authors: Prążyńska Aleksandra , Mikołajczyk Zbigniew
Published: August 2017

The study is a continuation of the first part of the publication, concerning the theoretical analysis of sensitivity of rheological models of dynamically stretched thread. This part presents the experimental research on the characteristics of stretching forces as a function of time, in the context of comparing the obtained results with theoretical data.

The selected research material was three types of polyester silk threads with linear densities 84, 110 and 334 dtex. During the tests, threads of 400 to 1300 mm were stretched at speeds in the range of V ∈ [0.65, 1.47] m/s, which corresponds to the knitting speed n ∈ [700, 1600] courses/min. An original measuring device for empirical identification of dynamic processes of threads stretching was used during the tests. In total, 36 tests variants were performed. The procedures of mathematical equivalence were also worked out for the rheological models of Kelvin-Voigt, Zener and the three-parameter Standard model 2, which enabled the description of threads stretching phenomena in technological processes with the help of generalized rheological model, taking into account the visco-elastic qualities of threads.

Experimental results showed that for the assumed deformation speeds ε(t) ∈ [0.53, 4.00] 1/s, the open three-parameter models – Standard model 2 and Zener model most reliably describe the stretching process.
Requirements for cross-border spatial planning technologies in the European context
Authors: Frank Susanne , Spyra Marcin , Fürst Christine
Published: August 2017

This communication paper investigates requirements for cross-border spatial planning technologies. We refer to European cross-border regions, which are located in the European Baltic Sea Region. We hypothesize that there is no efficient cross-border spatial planning without engagement from various stakeholders, supported by novel spatial planning technologies. This study presents the results from a survey that identifies the requirements for spatial planning technologies adequate for cross - border regions. On the basis of this survey, carried out within the INTECRE project partners coming from the Baltic Sea Region, the study provides general recommendations about cross - border spatial planning technologies. Addressed in the survey are the following central issues: definition of the scope of such technologies, the data base and international planning data provision, features and properties of planning technologies, and stakeholder involvement. The research findings are transferable to wider European and extra- European contexts.
Estimation of geotechnical parameters on the basis of geophysical methods and geostatistics
Authors: Brom Aleksander , Natonik Adrianna
Published: August 2017

The paper presents possible implementation of ordinary cokriging and geophysical investigation on humidity data acquired in geotechnical studies. The Author describes concept of geostatistics, terminology of geostatistical modelling, spatial correlation functions, principles of solving cokriging systems, advantages of (co-)kriging in comparison with other interpolation methods, obstacles in this type of attempt. Cross validation and discussion of results was performed with an indication of prospect of applying similar procedures in various researches..
Age and microfacies of oceanic Upper Triassic radiolarite components from the Middle Jurassic ophiolitic mélange in the Zlatibor Mountains (Inner Dinarides, Serbia) and their provenance
Authors: Gawlick Hans-Jürgen , Djerić Nevenka , Missoni Sigrid , Bragin Nikita Yu. , Lein Richard , Sudar Milan , Jovanović Divna
Published: August 2017

Oceanic radiolarite components from the Middle Jurassic ophiolitic mélange between Trnava and Rožanstvo in the Zlatibor Mountains (Dinaridic Ophiolite Belt) west of the Drina–Ivanjica unit yield Late Triassic radiolarian ages. The microfacies characteristics of the radiolarites show pure ribbon radiolarites without crinoids or thin-shelled bivalves. Beside their age and the preservation of the radiolarians this points to a deposition of the radiolarites on top of the oceanic crust of the Neo-Tethys, which started to open in the Late Anisian. South of the study area the ophiolitic mélange (Gostilje–Ljubiš–Visoka–Radoševo mélange) contains a mixture of blocks of 1) oceanic crust, 2) Middle and Upper Triassic ribbon radiolarites, and 3) open marine limestones from the continental slope. On the basis of this composition we can conclude that the Upper Triassic radiolarite clasts derive either from 1) the younger parts of the sedimentary succession above the oceanic crust near the continental slope or, more convincingly 2) the sedimentary cover of ophiolites in a higher nappe position, because Upper Triassic ribbon radiolarites are only expected in more distal oceanic areas. The ophiolitic mélange in the study area overlies different carbonate blocks of an underlying carbonate-clastic mélange (Sirogojno mélange). We date and describe three localities with different Upper Triassic radiolarite clasts in a mélange, which occurs A) on top of Upper Triassic fore-reef to reefal limestones (Dachstein reef), B) between an Upper Triassic reefal limestone block and a Lower Carnian reef limestone (Wetterstein reef), and C) in fissures of an Upper Triassic lagoonal to back-reef limestone (Dachstein lagoon). The sedimentary features point to a sedimentary and not to a tectonic emplacement of the ophiolitic mélange (= sedimentary mélange) filling the rough topography of the topmost carbonate-clastic mélange below. The block spectrum of the underlying and slightly older carbonate-clastic mélange points to a deposition of the sedimentary ophiolitic mélange east of or on top of the Drina–Ivanjica unit.
Bi-sulphotellurides associated with Pb – Bi – (Sb ± Ag, Cu, Fe) sulphosalts: an example from the Stan Terg deposit in Kosovo
Authors: Kołodziejczyk Joanna , Pršek Jaroslav , Voudouris Panagiotis Ch. , Melfos Vasilios
Published: August 2017

New mineralogical and mineral-chemical data from the Stan Terg deposit, Kosovo, revealed the presence of abundant Bi-sulphotellurides associated with Bi- and Sb-sulphosalts and galena in pyrite–pyrrhotite-rich skarn-free ore bodies (ores without skarn minerals). The Bi-bearing association comprises Bi-sulphotellurides (joséite-A, joséite-B, unnamed phase A with a chemical formula close to (Bi,Pb)2(TeS)2, unnamed phase B with a chemical composition close to (Bi,Pb)2.5Te1.5S1.5), ikunolite, cosalite, Sb-lillianite, members of the kobellite series and Bi-jamesonite. Compositional trends of the Bi-sulphotellurides suggest lattice-scale incorporation of Bi–(Pb)-rich module and/or admixture with submicroscopic PbS layers in modulated structures, or complicated Bi–Te substitution. Cosalite is characterized by high Sb (max. 3.94 apfu), and low Cu and Ag (up to 0.72 apfu of Cu+Ag). Jamesonite from this mineralization has elevated Bi content, from 0.85 to 2.30 apfu. The negligible content of Au and Ag in the Bi-sulphotellurides, the low content of Ag in Bi-sulphosalts, together with the lack of Au–Ag bearing phases in the mineralization, indicate either ore deposition from fluid(s) depleted in precious metals, or physico-chemical conditions of ore formation preventing Au and Ag precipitation at the deposit site. The temperature of initial mineralization may have exceeded 400 °C as suggested by the lamellar exsolution textures observed in lillianite, which indicate breakdown textures from decomposition of high-temperature initial crystals. Non-stoichiometric phases among the Bi-sulphosalts and sulphotellurides studied at Stan Terg reflect modulated growth processes in a metasomatic environment.
Progress in nursing methods for chronic pelvic inflammatory disease
Authors: Wang Bin
Published: August 2017

Chronic pelvic inflammatory disease is a highly common gynecological disease. It is often caused by the failure to completely treat acute pelvic inflammatory disease or persistent disease due to the poor physique of patients. This paper provides a summary of the recent research studies on chronic pelvic inflammatory disease.
Progress in Research on the Mechanism and Treatment of Post-stroke Infection
Authors: Zhang Hongtao
Published: August 2017

Post-stroke infection hinders the recovery of stroke patients and can even cause death. The main mechanism of post-stroke infection is related with the post-stroke center, the activation of the peripheral immune system, and the release of inflammatory factors caused by the lesion area and pathophysiological changes in the body. Therefore, elucidating the body’s abnormal immune inflammatory responses after stroke is crucial for the prevention, treatment, and alleviation of post-stroke infection.
Identification of the Disrupted Pathways Associated with Periodontitis Based on Human Pathway Network
Authors: Sun Wen , Han Lin , Xu Wenmao , Sun Yazhen
Published: August 2017

Objective: The objective of this work is to search for a novel method to explore the disrupted pathways associated with periodontitis (PD) based on the network level.

Methods: Firstly, the differential expression genes (DEGs) between PD patients and cognitively normal subjects were inferred based on LIMMA package. Then, the protein-protein interactions (PPI) in each pathway were explored by Empirical Bayesian (EB) co-expression program. Specifically, we determined the 100th weight value as the threshold value of the disrupted pathways of PPI by constructing the randomly model and confirmed the weight value of each pathway. Meanwhile, we dissected the disrupted pathways under the weight value > the threshold value. Pathways enrichment analyses of DEGs were carried out based on Expression Analysis Systematic Explored (EASE) test. Finally, the better method was selected based on the more rich and significant obtained pathways by comparing the two methods.

Results: After the calculation of LIMMA package, we estimated 524 DEGs in all. Then we determined 0.115222 as the threshold value of the disrupted pathways of PPI. When the weight value>0.115222, there were 258 disrupted pathways of PPI enriched in. Additionally, we observed those 524 DEGs that were enriched in 4 pathways under EASE=0.1.

Conclusion: We proposed a novel network method inferring the disrupted pathway for PD. The disrupted pathways might be underlying biomarkers for treatment associated with PD.
Metal complexes supported on activated carbon as catalysts for the hydrogenation of anthracene
Authors: Giraldo Liliana , Moreno-Piraján  , Hurtado John J.
Published: August 2017

In this work, the catalytic activity was investigated in the hydrogenation of anthracene by BaSO3and Cu(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II) complexes that contain the ligand bis(3,5-dimethyl-1-pyrazolyl) methane (L). The compounds were supported on activated carbon (AC) and studied as catalysts for the hydrogenation of anthracene over different temperatures and reaction times. The supported catalysts (Cat/AC) were prepared by direct impregnation on the support and characterized by surface area determination, FTIR spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction and pore size distribution analysis. The results showed high conversions and selectivity toward hydrogenated products, where the highest value was obtained using LNiCl2/ACand the lowest with BaSO3/AC. It was established that the selectivity for Tetrahydroanthracene was more highest quantity as a product of hydrogenation using Cat/ACwhich is dependent of the temperature, reaching a peak at 450 °C. At this temperature and with very short reaction times, the catalytic activity is influenced mainly by the chemical characteristics of the metal in the complexes and theACsupport.
Shanghai spirit two decades on: language, globalization, and space-making in Sino-Central Asian cooperation
Authors: Karrar Hasan H.
Published: August 2017

This article explores some of the ways in which language was central to the construction of
An impact of the copper additive on photocatalytic and bactericidal properties of TiO2 thin films
Authors: Wojcieszak Damian , Mazur Michał , Kaczmarek Danuta , Poniedziałek Agata , Osękowska Małgorzata
Published: August 2017

The biological and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 and TiO2:Cu in relation to their structure, surface topography, wettability and optical properties of the thin films was investigated. Thin-film coatings were prepared by magnetron sputtering method in oxygen plasma with use of metallic targets (Ti and Ti-Cu). The results of structural studies revealed that addition of Cu into titania matrix (during the deposition process) resulted in obtaining of an amorphous film, while in case of undoped TiO2, presence of nanocrystalline anatase (with crystallites size of 20 nm) was found. Moreover, an addition of cooper had also an effect on surface diversification and decrease of its hydrophilicity. The roughness of TiO2:Cu film was 25 % lower (0.6 nm) as-compared to titania (0.8 nm). These modifications of TiO2:Cu had an impact on the decrease of its photocatalytic activity, probably as a result of the active surface area decrease. Antibacterial and antifungal properties of the thin films against bacteria (Enterococcus hirae, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli) and yeast (Candida albicans) were also examined. For the purpose of this work the method dedicated for the evaluation of antimicrobial properties of thin films was developed. It was revealed that Cu-additive has a positive impact on neutralization of microorganisms.
Optofluidic Microlasers based on Femtosecond Micromachining Technology
Authors: Simoni F. , Spegni P. , Bonfadini S. , Lucchetta D.E. , Lo Turco S. , Criante L.
Published: August 2017

We present the different optofluidic lasers which have been realized using the Femtosecond Micromachining technique to fabricate the monolithic optofluidic structures in glass chips. We show how the great flexibility of this 3D technique allows getting different kind of optical cavities. The most recent devices fabricated by this technique as ring shaped and Fabry-Perot resonators show excellent emission performances.We also point out how the addition of the inkjet printing technique provides further opportunities in realizing optofluidic chips.
The Visegrád Group as a Vehicle for Promoting National Interests in the European Union: The Case of the Czech Republic
Authors: Neuman Marek
Published: August 2017

This contribution asks whether sub-regional integration projects such as the Visegrád Group may be understood as mechanisms for pursuing one Group member’s national interests while it stands at the European Union’s helm. I assess this question based on the case of the first Visegrád Group member to assume the EU Council presidency: the Czech Republic. Examining three specific policy areas – the reinvention of the EU’s Eastern neighbourhood policy; the strengthening of EU energy security; and the incorporation of a stronger human rights and external democratisation approach into EU foreign policy – this case study presents a mixed picture. It confirms the potential of the Visegrád Group to be a vehicle for furthering the national preferences of one Group member while it holds the rotating EU Council presidency. Whether or not this potential is fully realised will depend primarily on the degree to which the interests of the four Visegrád countries converge.
Polymers application in proton exchange membranes for fuel cells (PEMFCs)
Authors: Walkowiak-Kulikowska Justyna , Wolska Joanna , Koroniak Henryk
Published: August 2017

This review presents the most important research on alternative polymer membranes with ionic groups attached, provides examples of materials with a well-defined chemical structure that are described in the literature. Furthermore, it elaborates on the synthetic methods used for preparing PEMs, the current status of fuel cell technology and its application. It also briefly discusses the development of the PEMFC market.
Technological solutions for encapsulation
Authors: Trojanowska Anna , Nogalska Adrianna , Valls Ricard Garcia , Giamberini Marta , Tylkowski Bartosz
Published: August 2017

Encapsulation offers broad scope of applications. It can be used to deliver almost everything from advanced drugs to unique consumer sensory experiences; it could be also employed as a protection system or a sensing material. This cutting-edge technology undergoes rapid growth in both academic and industrial conditions. Research in this matter is continuing to find a new application of microcapsules as well as to improve the methods of their fabrication. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the art of the encapsulation technology to provide the readers with a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of up-to-day development of microcapsule preparation methods. Our goal is to help identify the major encapsulation processes and by doing so maximize the potential value of ongoing research efforts.
Natural and synthetic polymers in fabric and home care applications
Authors: Paderes Monissa , Ahirwal Deepak , Fernández Prieto Susana
Published: August 2017

Polymers can be tailored to provide different benefits in Fabric & Home Care formulations depending on the monomers and modifications used, such as avoiding dye transfer inhibition in the wash, modifying the surface of tiles or increasing the viscosity and providing suspension properties to consumer products. Specifically, the rheology modification properties of synthetic and natural polymers are discussed in this chapter. The choice of a polymeric rheology modifier will depend on the formulation ingredients (charges, functional groups), the type and the amount of surfactants, the pH and the desired rheology modification. Natural polymeric rheology modifiers have been traditionally used in the food industry, being xanthan gum one of the most well-known ones. On the contrary, synthetic rheology modifiers are preferably used in paints & coats, textile printing and cleaning products.
After Nerve Injury, Lineage Tracing Shows That Myelin and Remak Schwann Cells Elongate Extensively and Branch to Form Repair Schwann Cells, Which Shorten Radically on Remyelination
Authors: Gomez-Sanchez Jose A. , Pilch Kjara S. , van der Lans Milou , Fazal Shaline V. , Benito Cristina , Wagstaff Laura J. , Mirsky Rhona , Jessen Kristjan R.
Published: August 2017

There is consensus that, distal to peripheral nerve injury, myelin and Remak cells reorganize to form cellular columns, Bungner's bands, which are indispensable for regeneration. However, knowledge of the structure of these regeneration tracks has not advanced for decades and the structure of the cells that form them, denervated or repair Schwann cells, remains obscure. Furthermore, the origin of these cells from myelin and Remak cells and their ability to give rise to myelin cells after regeneration has not been demonstrated directly, although these conversions are believed to be central to nerve repair. Using genetic lineage-tracing and scanning-block face electron microscopy, we show that injury of sciatic nerves from mice of either sex triggers extensive and unexpected Schwann cell elongation and branching to form long, parallel processes. Repair cells are 2- to 3-fold longer than myelin and Remak cells and 7- to 10-fold longer than immature Schwann cells. Remarkably, when repair cells transit back to myelinating cells, they shorten ∼7-fold to generate the typically short internodes of regenerated nerves. The present experiments define novel morphological transitions in injured nerves and show that repair Schwann cells have a cell-type-specific structure that differentiates them from other cells in the Schwann cell lineage. They also provide the first direct evidence using genetic lineage tracing for two basic assumptions in Schwann cell biology: that myelin and Remak cells generate the elongated cells that build Bungner bands in injured nerves and that such cells can transform to myelin cells after regeneration.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAfter injury to peripheral nerves, the myelin and Remak Schwann cells distal to the injury site reorganize and modify their properties to form cells that support the survival of injured neurons, promote axon growth, remove myelin-associated growth inhibitors, and guide regenerating axons to their targets. We show that the generation of these repair-supportive Schwann cells involves an extensive cellular elongation and branching, often to form long, parallel processes. This generates a distinctive repair cell morphology that is favorable for the formation of the regeneration tracks that are essential for nerve repair. Remyelination, conversely, involves a striking cell shortening to form the typical short myelin cells of regenerated nerves. We also provide evidence for direct lineage relationships between: (1) repair cells and myelin and Remak cells of uninjured nerves and (2) remyelinating cells in regenerated nerves.
Polycomb and Trithorax Group Genes in Drosophila
Authors: Kassis Judith A , Kennison James A , Tamkun John W
Published: August 2017

Polycomb group (PcG) and Trithorax group (TrxG) genes encode important regulators of development and differentiation in metazoans. These two groups of genes were discovered in Drosophila by their opposing effects on homeotic gene (Hox) expression. PcG genes collectively behave as genetic repressors of Hox genes, while the TrxG genes are necessary for HOX gene expression or function. Biochemical studies showed that many PcG proteins are present in two protein complexes, Polycomb repressive complexes 1 and 2, which repress transcription via chromatin modifications. TrxG proteins activate transcription via a variety of mechanisms. Here we summarize the large body of genetic and biochemical experiments in Drosophila on these two important groups of genes.
Educational Progress of Looked-After Children in England: A Study Using Group Trajectory Analysis
Authors: Sutcliffe Alastair G. , Gardiner Julian , Melhuish Edward
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND:

Looked-after children in local authority care are among the most disadvantaged, and measures of their well-being, including educational outcomes, are poorer than other children’s.

METHODS:

The study sample consisted of all children in England born in academic years 1993 to 1994 through 1997 to 1998 who were in local authority care at any point during the academic years 2005 to 2006 through 2012 to 2013 and for whom results of national tests in literacy and numeracy were available at ages 7, 11, and 16 (N = 47 500).

RESULTS:

Group trajectory analysis of children’s educational progress identified 5 trajectory groups: low achievement, late improvement, late decline, predominant, and high achievement. Being looked after earlier was associated with a higher probability of following a high achievement trajectory and a lower probability of following a late decline trajectory. For children first looked after between ages 7 and 16, having a longer total time looked after by age 16 was associated with a higher probability of following a high achievement trajectory. For children with poor outcomes at ages 7 and 11, being looked after by age 16 was associated with an increased chance of educational improvement by age 16.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study provides evidence that early entry into care can reduce the risk of poor educational outcomes. It also establishes group trajectory analysis as an effective method for analyzing the educational progress of looked-after children, with the particular strength that it allows factors associated with a late decline or improvement in educational progress to be identified.
Qué anidaedra son quitaedra?
Authors: Pilaud Vincent
Published: August 2017

Un quitaedro es un politopo obtenido quitando desigualdades en la descripción de las facetas de un permutaedro clásico. Ejemplos pertinentes van del asociaedro al permutaedro, lo cual levanta la pregunta de caracterizar cuales anidaedra se pueden realizar como quitaedra. En este artículo, demostramos que el complejo anidado de cualquier conjunto de construcción cerrado por intersección se puede realizar como quitaedron. Presentamos dos construcciones complementarias: una basada en los árboles de construcción y el albanico anidado, y la otra basada en sumas de Minkowski de dilatación de caras del simplejo estándar. En general, este condición de clausura es suficiente pero no necesaria para obtener quitaedra. En contraste, demostramos que el abanico anidado de un conjunto de construcción gráfico es el abanico normal de un quitaedro si y solo si el conjunto de construcción gráfico es cerrado por intersección, lo cual es equivalente a que el grafo correspondiente sea plena de cuerdas (i.e., que cada ciclo induce un grafo completo).
Aspectos en la responsabilidad legal y laboral en el síndrome de apnea-hipopnea obstructiva del sueño (SAHOS)
Authors: Escobar-Córdoba Franklin , Echeverry-Chabur Jorge
Published: August 2017

La apnea del sueño y la somnolencia diurna excesiva (SDE) constituyen un gran riesgo para el desarrollo de actividades laborales, en especial las que se pueden considerar peligrosas y que implican responsabilidad legal; entre estas se encuentra la conducción de vehículos de transporte público, de carga y de maquinaria pesada.El trabajar por turnos y privarse de horas de sueño es también causa del aumento de accidentes laborales; este riesgo aumenta cuando los trabajadores y sus familiares no comprenden la dimensión real de este tipo de vida laboral y, por tanto, no actúan con responsabilidad respecto a su salud. Algunos autores consideran que la apnea del sueño y la SDE constituyen problemas de salud pública debido a su elevada prevalencia y a los altos costos que origina. Es importante que el Estado colombiano reglamente, por un lado, los aspectos de responsabilidad legal de los pacientes que desempeñan tareas riesgosas y están afectados por esta enfermedad y síntoma específico y, por el otro, las condiciones ocupacionales de los trabajadores que en la actualidad laboran por turnos y ven su salud afectada.
Fibronasolaringoscopia en el diagnóstico de síndrome de apnea-hipopnea obstructiva del sueño (SAHOS)
Authors: Zabala-Parra Sandra Irene , Amado-Galeano Steve , Gempeler-Rueda Fritz Eduardo
Published: August 2017

En los pacientes con diagnóstico de trastornos respiratorios del sueño (TRS) no se ha podido asociar ningún hallazgo anatómico a la severidad de la patología que el paciente presenta o a su éxito quirúrgico. Los avances actuales en la tecnología de video han permitido evaluar de manera más fidedigna las medidas de la vía aérea (VA) y trazar un mapa más exacto del sitio específico de obstrucción. La fibronasolaringoscopia es una técnica accesible y económica para la evaluación de la VA en múltiples posiciones en períodos de sueño y vigilia; esta requiere un amplio conocimiento por parte del examinador de la anatomía y fisiología de la vía aérea superior para determinar los sitios exactos de obstrucción y los patrones de colapso que podrían determinar la posibilidad del manejo quirúrgico o no, haciendo de este examen diagnóstico parte fundamental en el estudio de los pacientes con TRS.
Repercusiones oftalmológicas del síndrome de apnea-hipopnea obstructiva del sueño (SAHOS)
Authors: De Vivero Clemencia , Urrea Tatiana , Hidalgo-Martinez Patricia
Published: August 2017

Las manifestaciones oftalmológicas que se relacionan con el síndrome de apnea-hipopnea obstructiva del sueño (SAHOS) incluyen síndrome de párpado flácido y cambios a nivel del nervio óptico asociados con glaucoma, así como neuropatía óptica isquémica anterior no arterítica y papiledema. La prevalencia del síndrome de párpado flácido en pacientes con SAHOS varía entre 2.3% y 32.6%, mientras que de la asociación entre glaucoma y SAHOS oscila entre 2% y 27%.En la población estudiada en Colombia se encuentra una frecuencia de 2.7% de asociación entre glaucoma de presión normal y SAHOS. El glaucoma presente en estos casos es el primario de ángulo abierto, que bien puede cursar con o sin un aumento de la presión intraocular. En cuanto a la neuropatía óptica isquémica y el papiledema, no se dispone de datos acerca de su prevalencia en pacientes con SAHOS. Se recomienda la valoración por oftalmología a los pacientes diagnosticados con este síndrome.
Costos e impacto económico del síndrome de apnea-hipopnea obstructiva del sueño (SAHOS) para la salud pública
Authors: Ingram David , Lee-Chiong Teofilo , Londoño Darío
Published: August 2017

El síndrome de apnea-hipopnea obstructiva del sueño (SAHOS) no tratado se asocia con costos directos e indirectos significativos. Este trastorno también tiene un impacto negativo sobre el desempeño y la seguridad laboral y está implicado en una proporción considerable de accidentes automovilísticos. El diagnóstico oportuno y la terapia óptima han mostrado disminución en la utilización de los sistemas de salud y en los costos, al tiempo que atenúan los riesgos adversos. Del mismo modo, el SAHOS no tratado se asocia con incremento en las tasas de desempleo. Para los profesionales de la salud, tener un paciente con SAHOS involucrado en una colisión automovilística es de crucial importancia debido al daño personal y público, así como la potencial discapacidad física por el accidente. En Latinoamérica se requiere de la medición de los costos directos e indirectos dado el problema de salud pública que tiene asociado el SAHOS y las implicaciones mencionadas.
Tratamiento con dispositivos orales para síndrome de apnea-hipopnea obstructiva del sueño (SAHOS)
Authors: Sanchez-Ariza Carlos Alberto
Published: August 2017

El objetivo de este artículo es mejorar la práctica con dispositivos orales (DO) por parte del odontólogo tratante, al alcanzar una adecuada selección del DO y brindar seguridad y efectividad al paciente. Con el uso de estos, se intenta disminuir la frecuencia o duración de los eventos respiratorios. Los DO están indicados en pacientes con ronquido primario, síndrome de apnea-hipopnea obstructiva del sueño (SAHOS) leve-moderado y SAHOS severo que no quieran o no toleren tratamiento con presión positiva. Además, se clasifican en aparatos de retención de lengua, aparatos no ajustables y ajustables, siendo estos últimos los más recomendados por ser dispositivos de avance mandibular (DAM), pues son hechos a la medida, ajustables y de arco dual. Su mecanismo de acción consiste en protruisión del maxilar inferior, adelantamiento del hueso hioides y apertura mandibular.Los DAM son más eficaces en pacientes jóvenes, con menor índice de masa corporal (IMC), circunferencia de cuello reducida, SAHOS posicional y mandíbula retrognática. Se pueden presentar efectos adversos como salivación excesiva, cambios oclusales y trastornos temporomandibulares. Se ha demostrado que los DAM tienen un impacto en la disminución del índice de apnea-hipopnea (IAH) y somnolencia diurna, mejoría en la oxigenación nocturna, función cardiovascular, calidad de vida y comportamiento neurocognitivo. Asimismo, los DAM son superiores al tratamiento con presión positiva de vía aérea (PAP) en adherencia. Se sugiere que la terapia combinada de DAM con PAP y otros tratamientos es promisoria para aquellos pacientes que responden de manera insuficiente a la monoterapia.
Diodonopsis ramiromedinae (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae), a new species from Colombia
Authors: Thoerle Lisa , Medina Trejo Ramiro
Published: August 2017

A new species, Diodonopsis ramiromedinae, is described, illustrated, and compared with similar species. A brief history of Masdevallia sect. Pygmaeae and the genus Diodonopsis is provided. Diodonopsis ramiromedinae is most similar to D. anachaeta, but differs by sepals with apices acute or acuminate-triangular vs. narrowly caudate; longer petals with a descending, narrowly linear, rounded basal process vs. with an acute, retrorse basal process; and the larger lip, obovate with the apex very broadly rounded vs. oblong-subpandurate with the apex acute.
Nāẓir Al-Waqf in Imam Syafi’i’s View and its Implementation in Indonesia
Authors: Purwanto Yedi , Utomo Hari , Noor Rasyida
Published: August 2017

This article focuses on the possessing endowment that refers to the association that copes the endowment properties from the endower in order to be managed and developed based on its intentions (Act Number 41 of 2004 Article 1 Section 4). According to Imam Syafi’i, possessing endowment can be comprised by waqῑf, or mawqūf ‘alayh, or ḥākim. Dissimilarity with the constraints in the Government Regulations Number 28 of 1977, possessing endowment should be managed by individual or institution in contrast with the constraints that are mentioned by Imam Syafi’i. Evenly, Act Number 41 of 2004 Article 9 has mentioned possessing endowment may include: individuals, organizations, and institutions. This study examines that Nazhir Waqaf in Indonesia must be established referring to the view of Imam Syafi’i, Government Regulation Number 28 of 1977, and Act Number 41 of 2004 about The Endowment of Land Properties. Through literature review of Imam Syafi’i works and refers to Government Regulation Number 28 of 1977, Act Number 41 of 2004, and the Government Regulation Number 42 of 2006, this paper concluded that Nazhir Waqaf can be implemented referring to the view of Imam Syafi’i and also regulated under the Government Regulations Number 28 of 1977, Act Number 41 of 2004, and the Government Regulation Number 42 of 2006 about Endowment in Indonesia.
Islamic Law and Terrorism in Indonesia
Authors: Sinaulan Ramlani Lina
Published: August 2017

Jihād and terrorism are not the same. In the context of sharia that implementation of the jihād has parameters measured with a layer of ethics based on the commands Al Quran and the Hadith of Prophet and the explanation the Ulama. Muslims in Indonesia views that the essentially not much different from the views on jihād and terror in other Islamic countries, especially the Middle East. In the context of Islamic law, jihād has multi spectral studies, but none of these studies that equate the meaning of jihād with terrorism, or none of them agreed that acts of terror as has been demonstrated by radical groups that are part of the concept Islam.
Morals Coaching Through Tahfizh al-Quran in Islamic Junior High School: A Case Study in PERSIS Islamic Boarding School in Karangpawitan Garut West Jawa
Authors: Zakiyah Laena
Published: August 2017

Porn video cases involved to Islamic junior high school and college students which are the umpteenth of juvenile delinquency in any cases. The above case is certainly influenced by any cases that very concern and also shows the loss of moral education in the education world. The Ministry of Religion and the Ministry of National Education have essentially concerned to improving educational system in Indonesia. It is to lead the formation of moral and religious spiritual that is still seemed very minimal. The aim of this study is to answer the question on what is the expected of learning moral in the purposive line of educational activities through the development of student personality. This paper requires a new concept in reconstructing the concept of formal education today to lead the formation of character or morals, and its implication to the improvement of spiritual-religious values among the students. In the case of MTs Karangpawitan Garut, Islamic Union is seeking to maximize the interaction between cognitive and psychomotor aspects in the whole of education process. Unfortunately, much of them are still trying to internalize the values of the Qur'an as God's revelation to be applied in behavior or morals. Based on the background, this study shows that morals coaching through tahfizh al-quran in Islamic Junior High School can be seen one of the learning model to rebuilding the student character.
The explanation of muwālāt in Zuhaily’s exegesis “al Tafsir al munir”
Authors: Kanani Iman , Zarasi Muhammad , Yusoff Zulkifli Mohd
Published: August 2017

One of the crucial contemporary issues of Islamic thought that has brought complicated situation in Muslims states, on the one hand, and between Muslims and non-Muslims on the other hand, is the issue of muwālāt. The literal understanding of muwālāt has caused profound problems in human societies, especially in the multi-religion countries. This research clarifies the meaning of loyalty in the Qur’ān based on al-Zuḥayli’s exegesis by using analytical -inductive method. The present study also elucidates Al-Zuḥayli’s point of view towards spiritual muwālāt and humane social muwālāt in the Quran.Hence, the study reveals fruitful findings and output, indicating that al-Zuḥayli separated muwālāt to three categories; prohibited muwālāt, muwālāt that causes infidelity, and muwālāt which means nice cohabitation with others. Also, the study explores that al-Zuḥayli believes that the principle in relations with Non-Muslims is based on peace. Furtheremore, al-Zuḥayli pointed out that muwālāt is permissible when it benefits Muslim society and Non- Muslim are not fighting with or betraying Muslims. Also the study presents that al-Zuḥayli has distinguished between muwālāt that means monotheism and worshiping God, and other types of muwālāt.