bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proceduralism, Predisposing, Poesis: Forms of Institutionality, In the Making
Authors: Melamed Jodi
Published: June 2017

A response to the forum, “Emergent Critical Analytics for Alternative Humanities,” edited by Chris A. Eng and Amy K. King. Jodi Melamed reassesses the analytic of institutionality, which has largely been theorized as a dominant tool of the university in incorporating the emergent and muting the oppositional. In particular, scholars in American and cultural studies have noted how universities responded to the revolutionary calls of radical social movements by institutionalizing ethnic and gender studies into compartmentalized sets of knowledge production. In so doing, the university worked to manage minority difference through flat notions of representation rather than redistribution. The interdisciplines of ethnic and gender studies then became additives to the humanities, upholding the status quo rather than compelling a radical re-envisioning of these academic structures altogether. On an even more macro level, Melamed identifies dominant discussions of institutionality that see global neoliberalism as a new, all-totalizing force. In problematizing how these theorizations elide considerations of the historical conditions of racial capitalism that make possible the ‘global,’ Melamed also excavates a genealogy of radical resistance that might allow us to rethink institutionality toward collective solidarity.
“A Structure, Not an Event”: Settler Colonialism and Enduring Indigeneity
Authors: Kauanui J. Kehaulani
Published: June 2017

A response to the forum, “Emergent Critical Analytics for Alternative Humanities,” edited by Chris A. Eng and Amy K. King. J. Kēhaulani Kauanui discusses the distinctive shifts toward examining Patrick Wolfe’s theory of settler colonialism as 'a structure, not an event.' Kauanui argues that a substantive engagement with settler colonialism also demands a deep rethinking of the associated concept of indigeneity–distinct from race, ethnicity, culture, and nation(ality)–along with the field of Native American and Indigenous Studies.
Editors’ Introduction: Cultural Studies and Intersectionality as Intellectual Practice
Authors: Jones Stefanie A , Laine Eero , Sula Chris Alen
Published: June 2017

As a “critical social theory,” intersectionality already lies at the roots of contemporary cultural studies, and the best work in cultural studies has the capacity for or is already engaging with intersectionality as method. This is work that accounts for the multifaceted nature of subjects, institutions, processes, and structures as it asks its questions about cultural objects, experience, ideology, history, or discourses. Intersectionality as, along with dialectical materialism, a core intellectual practice of cultural studies, offers expanded possibilities for political traction, relevance to the world and people’s lives, and transformative potential. We see models of such work throughout this issue, including with part two of a special forum on emergent analytics of critical humanities.
Review of Speculative Blackness: The Future of Race in Science Fiction by André M. Carrington (University of Minnesota Press)
Authors: Mascarenhas Daniella
Published: June 2017

André Carrington’s "Speculative Blackness" is a novel approach to the consumption of race representation in media. Carrington explores how Blackness is manufactured, consumed, and transformed through the speculative fiction genre across multiple 20th and 21st century mediums. Traditional media of comic books and television shows reveal the marginalized status of Black figures however, these media do not exist in a vacuum. The consumption of speculative fiction is a transformative process for the original content, which consequentially produces amateur media due to a long-established history of fan interaction. Black representation is characterized as the exception, not the rule, in traditional production, but fan consumption reconfigures these notions. Ultimately, Carrington’s work is an innovative dialogue regarding a genre that creates worlds speculating on what could be. Speculative fiction breaks down preexisting notions of our reality and creates worlds with entirely new expectations and interactions. With the creative liberty of the genre, Carrington casts Black representation as a consumed media but also an imaginative effort.
Review of Dispossession: The Performative in the Political by Judith Butler and Athena Athanasiou (Polity)
Authors: Berberick Stephanie N
Published: June 2017

"Dispossession: The Performative in the Political" is an interdisciplinary cultural text published from the conversations between Judith Butler and Athena Athanasiou. "Dispossession" brings the reader to key questions within philosophical inquiry including: What does it mean to be human? Which bodies are vulnerable as a result of normalizing regimes? How does precarity shift over time? What does occupation mean in regards to discipline and resistance? Which bodies are allowed to have a place and what does demanding a place do to dislocated bodies? Can non-normative people be recognized by the state without incorporation to propriety politics? How is agency complicated by the inter-related nature of life in the everyday?
Review of After Art by David Joselit (Princeton)
Authors: Garcia Lindsay
Published: June 2017

David Joselit’s slim volume "After Art" offers multiple intriguing frameworks to analyze art in the present-day globalized art world. After Art backs away from the traditional approach of artist intent and production and looks at what happens to images once they are attached to the networks that circulate them. Instead of proselytizing individual or even original artworks, Joselit champions images that are constantly reproduced and remediated by artists and architects such as Tania Bruguera, Ai Weiwei, Sherrie Levine, Matthew Barney, Le Corbusier, and Rem Koolhaus.
Editors’ Introduction: Cultural Studies and Intersectionality as Intellectual Practice
Authors: Lizarazo Tania , Oceguera Elisa , Tenorio David , Pardo Pedraza Diana , Irwin Robert McKee
Published: June 2017

This article outlines the digital storytelling methods used for a community based research project focused on issues of sexuality among California farmworkers: Sexualidades Campesinas (http://sexualidadescampesinas.ucdavis.edu/). We note how our process of collaboration in the creation and production of digital stories was shaped by the context and our envisioned storytellers. We then offer a critical analysis of our own unique experience with digital storytelling in this project, focusing on a handful of concepts key to understanding the nature of our collaborative production process: community, affect and collaboration, storytelling, performance, and mediation, with an eye to the problem of ethics.
Thinking with Melissa Gniadek and Beenash Jafri
Authors: Kauanui J. Kēhaulani
Published: June 2017

Response to Melissa Gniadek and Beenash Jafri on original essay by J Kēhaulani Kauanui, "A Structure, Not an Event: Settler Colonialism and Enduring Indigeneity," published in Lateral 5.1.
Comparison of different bushing applications in composite structures of the aerospace industry
Authors: Adin Hamit , Bakır Gazi Serten , Özbay Mahmut
Published: June 2017

In this study, four different bushing applications of carbon-epoxy pre-preg laminated composite plates were investigated experimentally and theoretically. The bushings in composite specimens on which the applications were conducted were loaded perpendicular to their plane, and the strength of the assembly was investigated in this way. These applications were compared by using the results of the experiments. The methodology of bushing application was determined for the most durable assembly. The generated finite element model for different bushing assemblies provided contribution for designing process in finite element analysis. While MSC/PATRAN was used for the finite element model generation, MSC/NASTRAN was applied for the finite element analysis.
Effect of post-weld heat treatment on fusion boundary microstructure in dissimilar metal welds for subsea service
Authors: Fink Carolin , Alexandrov Boian T.
Published: June 2017

Microstructural features at the fusion boundary in dissimilar metal welds significantly influence the susceptibility to local hydrogen embrittlement under subsea service conditions. Two subsea dissimilar metal welds using nickel-based filler metal on low alloy steel substrate were studied in this work in order to investigate the nature and microstructural evolution of the dissimilar interface during post-weld heat treatment (PWHT), and to determine resistance to hydrogen embrittlement. The delayed hydrogen cracking test (DHCT) was utilized to determine hydrogen-assisted cracking (HAC) susceptibility. Thermokinetic modeling was conducted to study phase formation and carbon diffusion across the dissimilar interface. Diffusion calculations incorporated initial compositional gradients after welding and the nonmoving phase boundary during PWHT. Resistance to HAC was in good agreement with previously obtained DHCT results for the tested dissimilar metal welds. Tempered martensite in the heat-affected zone of the steel substrate was observed as a function of PWHT temperature. Fresh martensite with high local hardness formed during cooling in highly diluted weld metal regions. The cell model incorporated in DICTRA effectively predicted differences in carbon concentration profiles across the dissimilar interface and type of carbide precipitation as a function of PWHT procedure and steel substrate.
Mechanical property effects of symmetrical hour glass shapes formed during double-sided TIG keyhole arc welding of AISI1040 joints
Authors: Teker Tanju , Karakurt Eyyüp Murat , Demir Fatih
Published: June 2017

In this study, AISI1040 steel sheets of 10 mm thickness were welded in butt position without pretreatment by double-sided TIG keyhole arc welding process. Weld joints were produced by using three different welding currents (410, 430 and 450 A), electrode diameter (Φ: 3.2 mm), a constant shielding gas flow rate (8 l × min−1) and welding speed (0.01 m × min−1). Microstructural changes occurred in the fusion line of the weld samples were examined by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and microhardness analysis. V-notch Charpy and tensile tests were carried out to determine the bond strength of the weld samples. In addition, fracture types of the tensile test samples were determined by the help of fractographic examinations using SEM and EDS. Consequently, the weld samples produced by double-sided TIG keyhole technique are approximately symmetrical and hour glass shaped. Also, it was found that penetration depth increased with current density.
A New Framework of Human Interaction Recognition Based on Multiple Stage Probability Fusion
Authors: Ji Xiaofei , Wang Changhui , Ju Zhaojie
Published: June 2017

Visual-based human interactive behavior recognition is a challenging research topic in computer vision. There exist some important problems in the current interaction recognition algorithms, such as very complex feature representation and inaccurate feature extraction induced by wrong human body segmentation. In order to solve these problems, a novel human interaction recognition method based on multiple stage probability fusion is proposed in this paper. According to the human body’s contact in interaction as a cut-off point, the process of the interaction can be divided into three stages: start stage, execution stage and end stage. Two persons’ motions are respectively extracted and recognizes in the start stage and the finish stage when there is no contact between those persons. The two persons’ motion is extracted as a whole and recognized in the execution stage. In the recognition process, the final recognition results are obtained by the weighted fusing these probabilities in different stages. The proposed method not only simplifies the extraction and representation of features, but also avoids the wrong feature extraction caused by occlusion. Experiment results on the UT-interaction dataset demonstrated that the proposed method results in a better performance than other recent interaction recognition methods.
Mechanocatalytic Production of Lactic Acid from Glucose by Ball Milling
Authors: Li Luyang , Yan Lulu , Shen Feng , Qiu Mo , Qi Xinhua
Published: June 2017

A solvent-free process was developed for the direct production of lactic acid from glucose in a mechanocatalytic process in the presence of Ba(OH)2, and a moderate lactic acid yield of 35.6% was obtained. Glucose conversion and lactic acid formation were favorable at higher catalyst/glucose mass ratios. However, at relatively lower catalyst/glucose mass ratios, they were greatly inhibited, and the promotion of fructose formation was observed. The mechanocatalytic process was applicable for various carbohydrates such as C5 sugars, C6 sugars, and disaccharides with 20–36% lactic acid yields achieved. This work provides a new pathway for the production of value-added chemicals from biomass resources.
Imidazoles-Intercalated α-Zirconium Phosphate as Latent Thermal Initiators in the Reaction of Glycidyl Phenyl Ether (GPE) and Hexahydro-4-Methylphthalic Anhydride (MHHPA)
Authors: Shimomura Osamu , Tokizane Kensuke , Nishisako Takatoshi , Yamaguchi Shunro , Ichihara Junko , Kirino Manabu , Ohtaka Atsushi , Nomura Ryôki
Published: June 2017

The capabilities of imidazoles-intercalated α-zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP·imidazole): imidazol (α-ZrP·Im), 2-methylimidazole (α-ZrP·2MIm), and 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (α-ZrP·2E4MIm) as latent thermal initiators were examined by the copolymerization of glycidyl phenyl ether (GPE) and hexahydro-4-methylphthalic anhydride (MHHPA) with the imidazoles-intercalated α-zirconium phosphate at varying temperatures for one-hour periods. Polymerization was not observed until the reactants were heated to 100 °C or above. Increasing the temperature, polymerization in the presence of α-ZrP·Im, α-ZrP·2MIm, or α-ZrP·2E4MIm proceeded at 140 °C for 1 h with over 90% conversion. The thermal stabilities of α-ZrP·Im, α-ZrP·2MIm, and α-ZrP·2E4MIm in the reaction at 40 °C for 264 h were tested. With α-ZrP·2MIm, the conversion was less than 15% up to 96 h. In the cases of α-ZrP·Im and α-ZrP·2E4MIm, the conversion reached less than 15% at 264 h. The thermal stabilities of α-ZrP·Im, α-ZrP·2MIm, and α-ZrP·2E4MIm at 40 °C were superior to those of the commercially available thermal latent initiators: HX-3088 and HX-3722.
Effect of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Treatment on Lipids in Obese Children
Authors: Amini Zarlasht , Kotagal Suresh , Lohse Christine , Lloyd Robin , Sriram Swetha , Kumar Seema
Published: June 2017

Obesity in children is associated with several co-morbidities including dyslipidemia. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is commonly seen in obese children. In adults, diagnosis of OSA independent of obesity is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors including dyslipidemia. There is limited data on the impact of treatment of OSA on lipids in children. The objective of the study was to examine the impact of treatment of OSA on lipids in 24 obese children. Methods: Seventeen children were treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and five underwent adenotonsillectomy. Mean apnea hypopnea index prior to treatment was 13.0 + 12.1 and mean body mass index (BMI) was 38.0 + 10.6 kg/m2. Results: Treatment of OSA was associated with improvement in total cholesterol (mean change = −11 mg/dL, p < 0.001), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mean change = –8.8 mg/dL, p = 0.021). Conclusion: Obese children should be routinely screened for OSA, as treatment of OSA favorably influences lipids and therefore decreases their cardiovascular risk.
Combustion Synthesis of UHTC Composites from Ti–B4C Solid State Reaction with Addition of VIb Transition Metals
Authors: Yeh Chun-Liang , Lin Wei-Zuo
Published: June 2017

UHTC composites were prepared by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) from the Ti–B4C reaction system with addition of Cr, Mo, and W. The starting sample composition was formulated as (3−x)Ti + B4C + xMe with x = 0.1–1.0 and Me = Cr, Mo, or W. For all samples conducted in this study, self-sustaining combustion was well established and propagated with a distinct reaction front. With no addition of Cr, Mo, or W, solid state combustion of the 3Ti + B4C sample featuring a combustion front temperature (Tc) of 1766 °C and a combustion wave velocity (Vf) of 16.5 mm/s was highly exothermic and produced an in situ composite of 2TiB2 + TiC. When Cr, Mo, or W was adopted to replace a portion of Ti, the reaction exothermicity was lowered, and hence, a significant decrease in Tc (from 1720 to 1390 °C) and Vf (from 16.1 to 3.9 mm/s) was observed. With addition of Cr, Mo, and W, the final products were CrB-, MoB-, and WB-added TiB2–TiC composites. The absence of CrB2, MoB2, and WB2 was attributed partly to the loss of boron from thermal decomposition of B4C and partly to lack of sufficient reaction time inherent to the SHS process.
Deep Visual Attributes vs. Hand-Crafted Audio Features on Multidomain Speech Emotion Recognition
Authors: Papakostas Michalis , Spyrou Evaggelos , Giannakopoulos Theodoros , Siantikos Giorgos , Sgouropoulos Dimitrios , Mylonas Phivos , Makedon Fillia
Published: June 2017

Emotion recognition from speech may play a crucial role in many applications related to human–computer interaction or understanding the affective state of users in certain tasks, where other modalities such as video or physiological parameters are unavailable. In general, a human’s emotions may be recognized using several modalities such as analyzing facial expressions, speech, physiological parameters (e.g., electroencephalograms, electrocardiograms) etc. However, measuring of these modalities may be difficult, obtrusive or require expensive hardware. In that context, speech may be the best alternative modality in many practical applications. In this work we present an approach that uses a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) functioning as a visual feature extractor and trained using raw speech information. In contrast to traditional machine learning approaches, CNNs are responsible for identifying the important features of the input thus, making the need of hand-crafted feature engineering optional in many tasks. In this paper no extra features are required other than the spectrogram representations and hand-crafted features were only extracted for validation purposes of our method. Moreover, it does not require any linguistic model and is not specific to any particular language. We compare the proposed approach using cross-language datasets and demonstrate that it is able to provide superior results vs. traditional ones that use hand-crafted features.
Physical and Numerical Modeling of the Stability of Deep Caverns in Tahe Oil Field in China
Authors: Wang Chao , Zhang Qiangyong , Xiang Wen
Published: June 2017

Cave collapses emerge during the process of oil reservoir development, seriously affecting oil production. To reveal the collapse and failure mechanism of the carbonate cavern with a buried depth of 5600 m in Tahe Oil Field, using a self-developed ultra-high pressure model test system with the intelligent numerical control function, the model simulation material of carbonate rocks developed to carry out the 3D geo-mechanical model test. The model test and numerical results indicate that: (1) collapse and failure mechanism of the deep-buried caves mainly involve the failure mode of tensile shear. The rupture plane on the side wall is approximately parallel to the direction of maximum principal compressive stress. The V-type tension and split rupture plane then emerges. (2) In the process of forming holes in the model caverns, micro cracks are generated at the foot of the left and right side walls of the caverns, and the roof panels are constantly moving downward. The shorter the distance to the cave wall, the severer the destructiveness of the surrounding rocks will be. (3) The displacement of the top of the model cavern is relatively large and uniform, indicating that the cave roof moves downward as a whole. The area of the cavity suffering damage is 2.3 times as large as the cave span. The research results in this paper lay a solid test basis for revealing the cave collapse and failure mechanism in super depth.
Clusters with Minimum Transportation Cost to Centers: A Case Study in Corn Production Management
Authors: Phonin Sirilak , Likasiri Chulin , Dankrakul Sittipong
Published: June 2017

In Northern Thailand, the size and topographical structure of farmland makes it necessary for operators of small-scale waste management systems to be able to reach their clients in an effective manner. Over the past decades, corn contract farming has increased, and the chief method for eliminating waste from these farms has chiefly been open burning on the fields, which produces enormous amounts of greenhouse gases (GHG) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). To find a way to reduce GHG emissions in the corn production system, this work focuses on finding clusters with minimum transportation time from waste disposal centers. To solve the clustering problems, four models are created and solved on AIMMS and MATLAB. Simulation results indicate that the number of clients essentially affects the performance of the procedure. The case studies are on corn production management in Chiang Mai, the region’s economic capital, as well as in 9 provinces in Northern Thailand, including Chiang Mai, whose combined corn production comprises 32.73 percent of the national production. With roughly 15% of the corn cobs and husks involved in the study, we found that by changing the waste elimination process, the total CO2 emissions can be reduced by up to 12,008.40 tons per year in Chiang Mai and up to 180,198.14 tons per year in the 9 provinces of Northern Thailand.
Effects of Light Quality on Growth and Phytonutrient Accumulation of Herbs under Controlled Environments
Authors: Dou Haijie , Niu Genhua , Gu Mengmeng , Masabni Joseph
Published: June 2017

In recent years, consumption of herb products has increased in daily diets, contributing to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, chronic diseases, and certain types of cancer owing to high concentrations of phytonutrients such as essential oils and phenolic compounds. To meet the increasing demand for high quality herbs, controlled environment agriculture is an alternative and a supplement to field production. Light is one of the most important environmental factors influencing herb quality including phytonutrient content, in addition to effects on growth and development. The recent development and adoption of light-emitting diodes provides opportunities for targeted regulation of growth and phytonutrient accumulation by herbs to optimize productivity and quality under controlled environments. For most herb species, red light supplemented with blue light significantly increased plant yield. However, plant yield decreased when the blue light proportion (BP) reached a threshold, which varied among species. Research has also shown that red, blue, and ultraviolet (UV) light enhanced the concentration of essential oils and phenolic compounds in various herbs and improved antioxidant capacities of herbs compared with white light or sunlight, yet these improvement effects varied among species, compounds, and light treatments. In addition to red and blue light, other light spectra within the photosynthetically active region—such as cyan, green, yellow, orange, and far-red light—are absorbed by photosynthetic pigments and utilized in leaves. However, only a few selected ranges of light spectra have been investigated, and the effects of light quality (spectrum distribution of light sources) on herb production are not fully understood. This paper reviews how light quality affected the growth and phytonutrient accumulation of both culinary and medicinal herbs under controlled environments, and discusses future research opportunities to produce high quantity and quality herbs.
Management System for Dam-Break Hazard Mapping in a Complex Basin Environment
Authors: Mao Jian , Wang Shandong , Ni Jianhua , Xi Changbai , Wang Jiechen
Published: June 2017

Flood disasters from dam breaks cause serious loss of human life and immense damage to infrastructure and economic stability. The application of Geographic Information System technology integrated with hydrological modeling for mapping flood-inundated areas and depth can play a momentous role in further minimizing the risk and possible damage. In the present study, base terrain data, hydrological data, and dam engineering data were integrated using the MIKE-21 dam-break model to analyze flood routing under the most serious scenarios. A deterministic approach was used to calculate the hydraulic elements of dam breakage during a flood. Additionally, the hydraulic elements generated by the MIKE-21 dam-break model (a modelling system for estuaries, coastal waters, and seas)—including flood depth, submersion time, and flow direction—were integrated with a digital elevation model of the site downstream of the dam in order to map the possible affected areas. Using an empirical model in addition to using the superimposition of dam flood calculation results and the social and economic survey data, dam damage assessment was implemented. In accordance with a relevant standard, the flood risk mapping guidelines and a set of client/server structures were developed for a management system for dam-break hazard mapping of the Foziling reservoir. The simulation data and the study results can provide a scientific basis for emergency management of the reservoir and provide a socio-economic framework for downstream areas.
Integration of Landscape Metrics and Variograms to Characterize and Quantify the Spatial Heterogeneity Change of Vegetation Induced by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake
Authors: Wang Ling , Tian Bingwei , Koike Katsuaki , Hong Buting , Ren Ping
Published: June 2017

The quantification of spatial heterogeneity can be used to examine the structure of ecological systems. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake caused severe vegetation damage. In addition to simply detecting change, the magnitude of changes must also be examined. Remote sensing and geographic information system techniques were used to produce landscape maps before and after the earthquake and analyze the spatial-temporal change of the vegetation pattern. Landscape metrics were selected to quantify the spatial heterogeneity in a categorical map at both the class and landscape levels. The results reveal that the Wenchuan earthquake greatly increased the heterogeneity in the study area. In particular, forests experienced the most fragmentation among all of the landscape types. In addition, spatial heterogeneity in a numerical map was studied by using variogram analysis of normalized difference vegetation indices derived from Landsat images. In comparison to before the earthquake, the spatial variability after the earthquake had doubled. The structure of the spatial heterogeneity represented by the range of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) variograms also changed due to the earthquake. Moreover, the results of the NDVI variogram analysis of three contrasting landscapes, which were farmland, broadleaved forest, and coniferous forest, confirm that the earthquake produced spatial variability and changed the structure of the landscapes. Regardless of before or after the earthquake, farmland sites are the most heterogeneous among the three landscapes studied.
Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Editor Behavior through Potentially Coercive Citations
Authors: Herteliu Claudiu , Ausloos Marcel , Ileanu Bogdan , Rotundo Giulia , Andrei Tudorel
Published: June 2017

How much is the h-index of an editor of a well-ranked journal improved due to citations which occur after his/her appointment? Scientific recognition within academia is widely measured nowadays by the number of citations or h-index. Our dataset is based on a sample of four editors from a well-ranked journal (impact factor, IF, greater than 2). The target group consists of two editors who seem to benefit by their position through an increased citation number (and subsequently h-index) within the journal. The total amount of citations for the target group is greater than 600. The control group is formed by another set of two editors from the same journal whose relations between their positions and their citation records remain neutral. The total amount of citations for the control group is more than 1200. The timespan for which the citations’ pattern has been studied is 1975–2015. Previous coercive citations for a journal’s benefit (an increase of its IF) has been indicated. To the best of our knowledge, this is a pioneering work on coercive citations for personal (editors’) benefit. Editorial teams should be aware about this type of potentially unethical behavior and act accordingly.
Post-Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Monitoring of Louisiana Salt Marshes Using Landsat Imagery
Authors: Mo Yu , Kearney Michael , Riter J.
Published: June 2017

The Deepwater Horizon oil spill, the second largest marine oil spill in history, contaminated over a thousand kilometers of coastline in the Louisiana salt marshes and seriously threatened this valuable ecosystem. Measuring the impacts of the oil spill over the large and complex coast calls for the application of remote sensing techniques. This study develops a method for post-Deepwater Horizon oil spill monitoring of the damaged marsh vegetation using Landsat imagery. This study utilizes 10 years of Landsat data, from 2005 to 2014, to examine the longevity of the oil spill’s impacts on the marsh vegetation. AVIRIS data collected between 2010 and 2012 are used to validate the Landsat results. Landsat imagery documents the significant effect of oiling on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of the marsh vegetation in 2010 and 2011 (p < 0.01 in both cases). These results are corroborated by the AVIRIS data, which recorded the most severe impact in May 2011 followed by progressive recovery in October 2011 and October 2012. The Landsat imagery, combined with relevant environmental information and appropriate statistical tools, provides a robust and low-cost method for long-term post-oil spill monitoring of the marshes, revealing that the major aboveground impacts (at 30 m scale) of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on Louisiana salt marshes lasted for two years. The method presented is applicable for other hazardous events whenever pre-event referencing and long-term post-event monitoring are desired, thereby offering an effective and economical tool for disaster management.
Impervious Surface Information Extraction Based on Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Imagery
Authors: Tang Fei , Xu Hanqiu
Published: June 2017

The retrieval of impervious surface information is a hot topic in remote sensing. However, researches on impervious surface retrieval from hyperspectral remote sensing imagery are rare. This paper illustrates a case study of information extraction from urban impervious surfaces based on hyperspectral remote sensing imagery that is intended to improve the image spectral resolution of impermeable materials. Fuzhou, Guangzhou, and Hangzhou were selected as test areas and EO-1 Hyperion images were used as data sources. The impervious surface features were retrieved from remote sensing images using linear spectral mixture analysis. A stepwise discriminant analysis was performed to select feature bands for impervious surface retrieval. A standard deviation analysis, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis were then carried out for each of those up to 158 valid Hyperion spectral bands. Eleven feature bands were selected using the stepwise discriminant analysis and a new image called Hyperion’ was formed. The impervious surface was then retrieved from Hyperion’. The results indicate that the extraction accuracy and coverage accuracy are high in all three test areas. Tests of eleven feature band combinations selected in different areas show very good representations of the band combinations in impervious surface retrieval, and can thus be used as optimal band combinations for impervious surface retrieval.
Hestia: la virgen invisible
Authors: González García Francisco Javier
Published: June 2017

This paper studies the goddesses Hestia and her symbolism. The classical interpretation of the goddess has insisted on her great stagnation, derived from an acute shortage of myths and images relating to Hestia, her frequent assimilation with Roman Vesta and, starting from the works of Gernet and Vernant, her identification as a simple personification of domestic and political hearth. The work has several objectives : first, to show that Hestia, despite that shortage of myths, can be subjected to a detailed analysis ; second, to overcome the immobility that, for several decades, has characterized the interpretation of the goddess and, third, to point out that the idea of centre embodied by Hestia is also linked with change and movement. This paper reviews the scarce information on Hestia contained in the Greek mythological corpus, her associations with other divinities, basically her suitors (Apollo and Poseidon), the other Olympic virgins (Athena and Artemis) and her brother, Zeus, as well as her relations with the Greek conception of centre.
Le pudor féminin dans les oeuvres ovidiennes ou un aperçu du comportement idéal d’une Romaine selon Ovide
Authors: Malisse Héloïse
Published: June 2017

The Latin term pudor when applied to women in Ovid’s work gives us a glimpse of what was considered appropriate behavior within the Roman society, according to the poet. This higly polysemous word encompasses a sens of honor and female chastity, shame and modesty to their body and sexuality, still it has not been studied much for women. Ovid gives us his vision of these different meanings but also the consequences of the female ovidian pudor who appears to be a true moral strength. This paper is about the studying of all the occurrences of pudor which the poet uses this word to designate women.
L’Histoire du Saint sacrement de Miracle d’Étienne Ydens (1605), oeuvre de dévotion ou oeuvre polémique ?
Authors: Adam Renaud
Published: June 2017

De Historie van de Heilig Sacrament van Mirakel van Steven Ydens († 1605), devotioneel boek of polemisch boek ?

Het onderzoek naar de zeventiende-eeuwse gedrukte traditie van de geschiedenis van het Heilig Sacrament van Mirakel van kanunnik Steven (Étienne) Ydens († 1615) vormde de aanleiding om niet alleen de persoonlijkheid van de auteur te bestuderen, maar ook de wijze waarop het verhaal van het Brussels eucharistisch wonder werd ingezet voor politiek-religieuze doeleinden. De kanunnik van Sint-Goedele gebruikte het verhaal over de ontheiliging van hosties uit het laatste derde van de veertiende eeuw om het protestantisme en de – in zijn ogen al even gevaarlijke – hekserij te bestrijden. Uit de studie van de zeventiende-eeuwse edities is gebleken dat het controversiële karakter van het werk geleidelijk afnam. Dit toont aan dat protestantisme en hekserij in deze periode niet meer als een even grote bedreiging werden ervaren als ten tijde van de redactie van het werk door Ydens.
Lecture des témoignages d’anciens coloniaux ou comment dénouer les noeuds de la subjectivité
Authors: Gillet Florence
Published: June 2017

The testimonies of former Belgian colonials or how to unravel the knots of subjectivity.

In 2004, the Centre for Historical Research and Documentation on War and Contemporary Society (CEGESOMA) started a large research project into the social memories of former Belgian colonials. Its two main goals were first to establish a social profile of the group and second to analyze their social memories. There were two research phases : a written questionnaire was first sent to a large sample group, after which oral interviews were conducted with a smaller selection of individual witnesses. This article returns to the methodological path taken during the second stage of the project. First, this article tackles the profile of the witnesses and the choice made for the method of interviewing. Second, the article analyzes the external factors that potentially impacted the course of the interview. We offer three prisms of interpretation : the relationship between interviewer-interviewee, the historical and political context of the research and finally the composition of the witness-group.
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of cell lysates mixed with silver nanoparticles for tumor classification
Authors: Hassoun Mohamed , W.Schie Iwan , Tolstik Tatiana , Stanca Sarmiza E , Krafft Christoph , Popp Juergen
Published: June 2017

The throughput of spontaneous Raman spectroscopy for cell identification applications is limited to the range of one cell per second because of the relatively low sensitivity. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a widespread way to amplify the intensity of Raman signals by several orders of magnitude and, consequently, to improve the sensitivity and throughput. SERS protocols using immuno-functionalized nanoparticles turned out to be challenging for cell identification because they require complex preparation procedures. Here, a new SERS strategy is presented for cell classification using non-functionalized silver nanoparticles and potassium chloride to induce aggregation. To demonstrate the principle, cell lysates were prepared by ultrasonication that disrupts the cell membrane and enables interaction of released cellular biomolecules to nanoparticles. This approach was applied to distinguish four cell lines – Capan-1, HepG2, Sk-Hep1 and MCF-7 – using SERS at 785 nm excitation. Six independent batches were prepared per cell line to check the reproducibility. Principal component analysis was applied for data reduction and assessment of spectral variations that were assigned to proteins, nucleotides and carbohydrates. Four principal components were selected as input for classification models based on support vector machines. Leave-three-batches-out cross validation recognized four cell lines with sensitivities, specificities and accuracies above 96%. We conclude that this reproducible and specific SERS approach offers prospects for cell identification using easily preparable silver nanoparticles.
Safe childbirth: Concept Analysis According to the Walker and Avant Method
Authors: Fontenele Fernanda Maria Carvalho , Guedes Maria Vilani Cavalcante , Freitas Maria Célia De , Silva Lúcia De Fátima Da , Ferreira Junior Antonio Rodrigues , Silva Maria Adelane Monteiro Da , Oliveira Roberta Meneses , Rodrigues Dafne Paiva
Published: June 2017

Objective: This study analyzed the concept of "Safe delivery" using the method proposed by Walker and Avant, which establishes eight steps for the construction of a concept.

Method: Literature search was carried out in the Virtual Health Library (VHL) and the Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo) in the period from April to July 2016. Controlled descriptors were: "Parturition", "Safety" and "Patient safety", in Portuguese and English.  The compound term "Safe Delivery" was also used.  Thirty two productions were included in this analysis.

Results: Among the attributes, maternal and fetal monitoring stand out and, as antecedent, the identification of risks for preventing damage. The reduction of maternal and infant mortality and the well-being of the mother-child binomial were evident in this work. Following the establishment of model case and opposite case, the definition of safe delivery was obtained: "the set of care measures that seek to identify risks, prevent damage and/or complications during delivery, ensuring maternal and fetal monitoring in favor of the welfare of mother and child ".

Conclusion: The analysis of the essential attributes, its antecedents and consequences made it possible to define the concept of safe delivery. However, it is considered that this concept is changeable bearing in mind that there is a lack of randomized studies to identify potential risks to childbirth.
Methodologic Framework for Military Capability Assessment of Armed Forces of the Czech Republic
Authors: Petráš Zdeněk
Published: June 2017

The aim of the article is to present a synthesis of findings from both analyses and their application while conceiving a proposal of methodology for military capability assessment of Armed Forces of the Czech Republic. The proposed approach to capability assessment stems from principles of the NATO´s J-DARTS (Joint Defence Planning Analysis and Requirements Tool Set) and EU´s SAEP (Scrutinising, Assessing, Evaluating and Prioritising Process) when the main attention was focused on the phase of matching current capabilities of force units against capability requirements, follow-on identification of shortfalls and their prioritisation. The degree of priority should primarily qualify the level of operational risk stemming from potential engagement of force units in an operation.
The Effects of 5-year Etanercept Therapy on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Agca Rabia , Heslinga Maaike , Kneepkens Eva L. , van Dongen Carlo , Nurmohamed Michael T.
Published: June 2017

Objective.

To investigate the effects of etanercept (ETN) on lipid metabolism and other known cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA).

Methods.

In an observational cohort of 118 consecutive patients with PsA, CVD risk factors were assessed over 5 years. Mixed-model analyses were performed to investigate the effects of ETN therapy on CVD risk factors over time.

Results.

Disease Activity Score in 28 joints, C-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate decreased during therapy with ETN. There was an increase in total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The TC/HDLc ratio remained unaltered. The apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A-I (apoB/apoA-I) ratio decreased significantly. An increase in CRP was associated with an increase in the apoB/apoA-1 ratio.

Conclusion.

Serum lipid concentrations showed small changes over a 5-year period of ETN therapy and were inversely associated with inflammatory markers. Other CVD risk factors remained stable. The apoB/apoA-1 ratio decreased over time and an increase in disease activity was associated with an increase in this ratio. However, this modest lipid modulation cannot explain the observed beneficial CV effects of ETN, and ETN likely exerts those effects through inflammation-related mechanisms.
Je peux poser une question ? » Anthropologues et fonctionnaires face aux politiques de réparations dans le Pérou post Commission de la Vérité
Authors: Ulfe María Eugenia , Málaga Sabogal Ximena
Published: June 2017

Cet article résulte d’une longue étude anthropologique et historique sur la condition de victime et le Programme Intégral de Réparations (PIR) dans les villes de Huancasancos et Lucanamarca (Ayacucho, Pérou). Le PIR fait partie des directives conçues, dans les sociétés post-conflit, pour faire se rapprocher ou se réconcilier les groupes qui se sont affrontés à l’État. Ainsi, notre étude s’inscrit dans une anthropologie qui aborde l’État – les organismes qui élaborent les réparations – depuis les sujets qui y travaillent et deviennent les visages visibles de l’État lui-même. Dans cet effort, en tant que chercheures, nous avons été placées dans des rôles différents au cours de la période d’étude. Cela nous a aussi aidé à en apprendre davantage sur celles et ceux qui travaillent au sein du PIR et à aborder parallèlement l’histoire locale récente pour rendre compte des personnes qui faisaient partie d’un des groupes belligérants pendant le conflit et de leur localisation et situation actuelle. De cette manière, il s’agit de rendre compte des significations et des malentendus générés par le PIR au Pérou.
Rio de Janeiro ville olympique : les impacts territoriaux d’un ajustement spatial néolibéral
Authors: Alves dos Santos Junior Orlando , Ramos Novaes Patrícia
Published: June 2017

Cet article souhaite analyser les récentes transformations qu’a connues la ville de Rio de Janeiro. Celles-ci sont largement impulsées par ce qui peut être caractérisé comme une gestion urbaine néolibérale, impliquant un processus de destruction créatrice des structures urbaines, et la prégnance des arrangements institutionnels dans la gestion et les règlements urbanistiques. L’article s’attache particulièrement à étudier les processus qui concourent à la préparation de la ville à deux grands événements sportifs, la Coupe du Monde 2014 et les Jeux Olympiques en 2016. Dans ce contexte, il s’agit de discuter de l’occurrence de processus de gentrification dans certaines zones de la ville de Rio de Janeiro, en particulier dans la zone portuaire, dans le quartier de Barra da Tijuca et dans certains quartiers de la zone sud.
Le goût des autres
Authors: Le Lec Fabrice , Lumeau Marianne , Tarroux Benoît
Published: June 2017

Cet article étudie pourquoi certains individus ont tendance à adopter des comportements de consommation conformistes. Plus précisément, notre attention se porte sur l’analyse des préférences intrinsèques pour la conformité : les préférences des individus auraient tendance à converger vers celles des autres, même dans des contextes où il n’existe pas d’incertitude quant à la qualité des biens et où les choix des individus ne peuvent être observés. Pour cela, nous avons conçu une expérience au cours de laquelle les sujets reportaient la satisfaction procurée par deux biens usuels testés en laboratoire, puis en donnaient une évaluation monétaire. Dans un premier traitement, les sujets étaient « isolés », alors que dans un deuxième traitement, une information sur le choix effectué par d’autres sujets leur était fournie juste avant les évaluations monétaires des biens. Nos résultats montrent que les sujets sont sensibles au choix des autres de manière asymétrique. Lorsque les sujets rapportent une plus grande satisfaction pour le bien également choisi par les autres, cette information n’affecte pas la valorisation monétaire des biens. En revanche, les sujets ayant des goûts différents de ceux des autres ont tendance à réduire la différence de valorisation entre le bien préféré et l’autre.
La fonction des médiations matérielles dans l’acte baptismal
Authors: Casteigt Julie
Published: June 2017

L’exégèse albertienne des versets Jn 1, 19-28 pose le problème philosophique et théologique de la fonction des médiations matérielles dans l’acte baptismal. Le commentaire albertien de l’Évangile de Jean permet de comparer le traitement de cette question dans l’œuvre exégétique d’Albert le Grand et dans ses traités de théologie sacramentaire. Dans le Super Iohannem , Albert le Grand insiste sur la différence entre le baptême d’eau conféré par Jean-Baptiste et le baptême de grâce institué par la passion et par la mort du Christ : à la matière (l’eau) et à l’acte rituel de Jean manque la forme, à savoir la formule trinitaire sanctificatrice, selon le Commentaire du quatrième livre des Sentences qui souligne, pour sa part, davantage l’interdépendance des éléments constitutifs du sacrement baptismal et la continuité entre certains traits du récit évangélique et leur accomplissement dans le baptême instauré par le Christ. Il importe à Albert le Grand de rappeler que le baptême donné par Jean est un signe qui ne possède pas la vertu causale inhérente au sacrement baptismal. Le baptême de Jean annonce en figure le baptême instauré par le Christ dans lequel il s’accomplit. Le rapport entre les deux baptêmes se distingue ainsi de celui de la voix (de Jean-Baptiste), autre médiation matérielle, qui, en énonçant le Verbe, accomplit en acte son avènement sans le différer dans une réalisation future, à l’instar de l’énonciation prophétique.