bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Covering disability in Italian journalism. Language, practices and perspectives in mainstream and alternative media
Authors: Peruzzi Gaia , Battisti Fabiana , Lombardi Raffaele
Published: July 2024

Journalism has a key role in the social construction of diversity in the public sphere. The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between disability and journalism in Italy, a question largely unexplored hitherto. Following a review of the literature on disability-related journalism and ethics, we adopted the HOI (Hierarchy of Influences) model as a theoretical resource to enable a thorough investigation of the interplay between professionals and social, institutional and organisational systems. The research is based on 17 in-depth interviews with Italian journalists who have been covering disability for years, both in the mainstream and in alternative media. The analysis focused on their perceptions and experiences in daily newsmaking processes, reconstructing and relating the personal accounts they give as professionals to the working practices of newsrooms. We found that there are mutual influences at work, operating across individual, organisational and institutional levels and tending to force the issue of disability to the margins of journalistic activity. In a few relevant exceptions, there emerged a vindication of proactiveness on the part of professionals in the mainstream and alternative media. This suggests the emergence of a disability journalism culture, independent of editorial approach, to which the individuality of the journalist is central.
Yeah, I’ve been immunized: Objectivity, ignorance, and privilege in media coverage of Aaron Rodgers’ COVID-19 vaccine refusal
Authors: Vilceanu M Olguta , Richmond Julia C
Published: July 2024

During a team press conference in August 2021, then-Green Bay Packers Quarterback Aaron Rodgers claimed he had been ‘immunized,’ which implied he had taken a COVID-19 vaccine. He later admitted he was not vaccinated and sparked a debate in the news and popular media. This study builds on the epistemology of ignorance, science controversy, sports mythmaking, and fake news to explore news coverage of professional athletes, the COVID-19 pandemic, and vaccination. Thematic discourse analysis helped position the narratives built around Aaron Rodgers’ statements, attitudes, and behaviors on the continuum between vaccine hesitancy and discursive manipulation. The findings reveal evolving perspectives of social issues related to managing social responsibility of professional athletes and call for sharper interrogations of the dynamics of power, privilege, and agency among key opinion leaders at the intersection of sports, journalism, and society.
Party positions and the changing gender gap(s) in voting
Authors: Kedar Orit , Oshri Odelia , Halevy Lotem
Published: July 2024

Why, despite increased female support, do social democratic parties (SDPs) in most Western European countries face electoral decline? To study this puzzle, we harness a well-documented regularity: diminishing support for SDPs by manual workers and their increased support for the far right. We contend that this trend is intensified in contexts where the economic positions of SDPs align with market-oriented policies or converge with those of the far right. Additionally, as men are disproportionately represented among manual workers, this shift contributes to the reversal of the gender gap in support for SDPs. Drawing on public opinion data from 18 countries spanning half a century, along with labor and party economic position data, our findings substantiate this argument.
New forms of home blindness: Rethinking fieldwork methods in digitalized environments
Authors: Broch Tuva Beyer , Bratrud Tom , Lien Marianne , Salinas Cecilia G.
Published: July 2024

Digital Anthropology has in the past two decades emerged as a field that seeks to better grasp experiences of being human within digital technology and culture. However, digital technology is today so entangled in everyday practices that it gives as little meaning to single it out as a specific field of inquiry as it does to leave it out. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in Norway, one of the most digitalized countries in the world, we argue that the ubiquity of the digital re-actualizes classic debates in the discipline on ‘home blindness’ emerging from the methodological challenges of doing fieldwork in familiar surroundings. We argue that building on methodological and analytical perspectives from the home blindness debate can help us better understand what it means to be human in digital environments.
How do care partners overcome the challenges associated with falls of community-dwelling older people with dementia? A qualitative study
Authors: Zhou Yuanjin , Thakkar Nirali , Phelan Elizabeth A , Ishado Emily , Li Chih-Ying , Borson Soo , Sadak Tatiana
Published: July 2024

Background and Objectives

Previous studies have found that falls among community-dwelling older people with dementia negatively impact the health and well-being of their relative/friend care partners. Limited studies have explored the challenges care partners experience because of older people’s falls (including fall incidents and fall risks). We sought to investigate care partners’ experiences of these challenges and how care partners responded.

Methods

We conducted an inductive thematic analysis of 48 dementia care partner interviews (age range: 33–86, mean: 61, 70.8% women; 58.3% adult children; 29.2% spouse; 62.5% completed college; 25% people of color), conducted after a health crisis of older people with dementia from three local university-affiliated hospitals in the United States.

Findings

Care partners reported that falls in older people with dementia can intensify overall care demands and lead to self-sacrificing behaviors, dissatisfaction with healthcare providers, conflicts with care recipients, and intense emotions. Care partners described several adaptations to mitigate these impacts, including practicing acceptance, approaching falls as an opportunity for learning, facilitating collaborations within formal/informal care networks, collaborating with older people with dementia to balance autonomy and safety, and modifying the physical environment.

Discussions and Implications

Falls among older people with dementia are a significant stressor and an important activation stimulus for their care partners. Our findings suggest that care partners are “second clients” and “competent collaborators.” As they provide important insights about fall prevention, care partners should be engaged to co-design new multi-level interventions to facilitate collaborations among care networks, older people with dementia, and service providers.
Self-legitimacy of prison workers: A comparative study in Slovenian prisons
Authors: Hacin Rok , Meško Gorazd
Published: July 2024

Building legitimacy in a coercive prison environment presents a significant challenge for prison workers. Drawing on data from a survey of 465 Slovenian prison workers collected in 2016 and 2022, this study aims to test the stability of prison workers’ sense of self-legitimacy, as prior research strongly suggests that the nature of such legitimacy is fundamentally unstable. Multivariate analyses showed that relationships with prisoners and the internalisation of subcultural norms influenced the self-legitimacy of prison workers in both periods studied. Relationships with colleagues, satisfaction with pay, and with workplace conditions also influenced prison workers’ self-legitimacy in 2016, and education and years of service proved salient in 2022. Results indicate that traditional ‘core variables’ (relationships with colleagues, supervisors’ procedural justice, and audience legitimacy) used to explore legitimacy in criminal justice have limited influence on prison workers’ self-legitimacy. Significant differences were also found in prison workers’ perceptions of self-legitimacy, audience legitimacy, and prison staff subculture in different time periods. Overall, the findings reported here suggest that the self-legitimacy of prison workers is relatively unstable over time. The implications of these findings for both theory and practice are explored.
Punitiveness of society and criminal policy in six Central European countries
Authors: Ostaszewski Paweł , Uhl Andrzej , Witkowska-Rozpara Katarzyna , Woźniakowska Dagmara
Published: July 2024

The countries of Central Europe are home to diverse penal cultures but rare comparative studies typically focus only on national penal codifications or on cross-country measures of public attitudes towards crime and punishment. This article compares three dimensions of punitiveness – penal legislation, actual sentencing practice of the courts, and punishment preferences of the general public – in six jurisdictions: Austria, Czechia, Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia. Punishment preferences features new data from the Central European Social Survey, in which respondents were asked to recommend suitable sentences for five hypothetical crimes. We found public preferences relate closely to the domestic judicial practice but less so to the maximum penalties provided in a country's penal code. In particular, participants based in Germany proved far less punitive than others, which echoes the penal moderation of German courts.
Inside the slippery world of glass eel trafficking: Lessons learned from Spain to prevent the illegal trade of European eels
Authors: Pons-Hernandez Monica
Published: July 2024

The European eel is facing extinction—in part, because of trafficking. Spain is not only one of the leading source countries of trafficked eels but also the one accounting for the most seizures. Thus, understanding Spain's role can help us to better understand how to stop this crime. Examining the issue under the umbrella concept of “criminogenic asymmetries” and using interviews, observation, and document analysis, this article explores how these asymmetries interact in Spain and along the global supply chain to identify how the illegal trade in European eels could be prevented, stopped, and deterred. The study finds that it requires a multifaceted approach including robust law enforcement, effective legislation, habitat restoration, community engagement, and consumer education.
On hypothetical consent, regret, and the capacity for autonomy: A response to Pugh's conceptual analysis of the child's right to bodily integrity
Authors: Mazor Joseph
Published: July 2024

In this issue of Clinical Ethics, Jonathan Pugh rejects hypothetical consent-based conceptions of the child’s right to bodily integrity (RBI). Pugh also questions the relevance of adults’ regret of past bodily infringements in evaluating potential violations of children’s RBI. Pugh then argues that autonomy serves as the justification for our power to waive our bodily rights. Finally, Pugh claims that the child’s interest in developing the capacity for autonomy is key to evaluating potential RBI violations. In this article, I challenge each of these arguments. First, I argue that it is the circumstances of parents vis-a-vis their children (rather than the difficulties in determining hypothetical agents' values) that should lead us to reject hypothetical-consent-based conceptions of the child’s RBI in favor of best-interests conceptions. Second, I argue that adults’ regret of childhood bodily interventions is highly relevant for evaluating these interventions’ permissibility. Third, I reject the claim that autonomy is the primary justification for our power to waive our bodily rights. Finally, I argue that Pugh overstates the importance of the child’s interest in developing the capacity for autonomy, at least when it comes to debates in contemporary liberal democracies over interventions in children’s bodies.
Sustainable syngas production: Economic and circular economy benefits of PET waste gasification
Authors: Okoye Ifeanyi J. , Zein Sharif H. , Oko Eni , Jalil A. A.
Published: July 2024

This paper promotes awareness of the circular economy as a superior waste disposal system alternative. The novelty of this study is to model cleaner energy generation from the gasification of polyethene terephthalate (PET) waste accompanied by a detailed analysis on the economic feasibility. In the approximate analysis of PET, the percentage values for Ash and hydrogen were low (0 and 4.21, respectively). This parameter significantly impacted the Ash and hydrogen contents of the output gas, as it directly influenced the PET feedstock to a more excellent heating value (23.34 MJ/kg) and lower heating value (10.63 MJ/kg). Temperature and pressure are treated as free variables throughout each block during the gasification procedures. A sensitivity study revealed that the PET moisture content has no significant effect on the product composition. The economic analysis indicated that the gasification process could be economically viable. The economic analysis of the process considered the comprehensive evaluation of the plant’s financial aspects. The economic evaluation indicated that the facility would reach the break-even point by the end of its third year of operation, demonstrating its economic viability, with an NPV of £77,574,506.37 and an ROI of 40.1% for the suggested 25-year operational period of the facility.
Computational optimisation and modelling of sacrificial anode placement and dimension for maximising the corrosion prevention of screw piles
Authors: Shirshahi Mohammad Javad , Chini Seyed Farshid , Taheri Peyman , Mansouri Abraham
Published: July 2024

Cathodic protection (CP) is widely used to mitigate corrosion and protect the substrate. However, sacrificial anodes are often undersized or improperly positioned. This study systematically investigates how anode design factors affect the CP effectiveness through computational modelling and double-objective optimisation techniques around the optimum location and dimension of anodes. State-of-the-art algorithms including the Monte-Carlo, Nelder–Mead, co-ordinate search, constrained optimisation by linear approximation (COBYLA) and bound optimisation by quadratic approximation (BOBYQA) are employed to optimise anode locations and genetic algorithm is utilised for optimising anode dimension and the objective is maximising the current output and minimising the cost. In the current study, the BOBYQA technique proved efficient in reaching the optimal response at the appropriate time. The findings indicate that in double-objective (cost and potential) optimisation of 14.5 kg anode, minimising anode radius (from 6.5 cm to 5.4 cm) and optimising the position boosts the current output by up to 15.5%. Refined anode geometries increase the average structure potentials (806 → 822 mV) by over 15 mV, translating to extended service lifetimes. In the comparison of single (cost) and double (cost and potential)-objective optimisation, about 15% more current reaches the structure and causes about 2% less anode mass loss for the same anode dimensions. Also, the results show the 7.7 kg anode performs better than the 14.5 kg anode and so output current and the percentage of current that reaches the structure of the 7.7 kg and 14.5 kg are 0.66 A and 0.46 A and 66% and 60%, respectively.
Effective electrode preparation and evaluation of crevice-free steel electrodes
Authors: Frontini María A. , Vázquez Marcela , Valcarce María B.
Published: July 2024

Crevice corrosion is hard to avoid when the corrosion resistance of steel electrodes needs to be evaluated in laboratory tests. It is particularly difficult when chloride ions are present in the electrolyte. This problem is recurrent when studying the performance of construction steel in concrete pore-simulating solutions that replicate marine exposure. Other steel applications in aggressive environments face the same problem. This study describes a simple pre-treatment implemented on the steel bars before the electrodes were constructed, which successfully minimizes the risk of electrodes showing crevice after an electrochemical evaluation in chloride-rich electrolytes. The pre-treatment efficacy can last from several months to years, depending on how frequently the electrodes are used.
Effect of alternating current density on corrosion behaviour of X65 steel in weakly alkaline soil environment without cathodic protection
Authors: Lu Cuiping , Liu Chao , Li Ningning , Ma Hongchi , Liu Zhiyong , Li Xiaogang
Published: July 2024

The corrosion behaviour of X65 steel in Shijiazhuang soil-simulated solution was investigated under different alternating current (AC) interference. Results show X65 pipeline steel presented weak passivation characteristics in this weakly alkaline solution, in which case AC interference could activate the anodic dissolution reaction and greatly accelerate uniform corrosion and pitting corrosion. AC interference could easily induce corrosion pits initiation and propagation in this weakly alkaline solution because of unstable passive film on steel surface and low pitting potential. Both the average corrosion rate and corrosion pits depth presented a power function with the increase of AC density.
Study of high-frequency impedance of zinc-rich coatings
Authors: Feng Xiao , Wang Tian-Yu , Cao Fang-Yuan , Xie De-Ming , Li Hai-Hua
Published: July 2024

In this paper, three types of impedance spectra were investigated, i.e., impedance spectra of two zinc powders (new and old) and five coatings (two different thicknesses of epoxy zinc-rich coatings (EZRCs), an ethyl silicate zinc-rich coating, an epoxy coating and an autodeposition coating) in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution, dry film impedance spectra of two coatings (the thicker EZRC and autodeposition coating) and their impedance spectra in a 0.003 M LiCl–methanol solution. The results show that the resistive part of the high-frequency impedance of the ZRCs at the early stage of immersion is the contact resistance ( Rm) between the zinc powders, and the capacitive part is the parallel connection of the contact capacitance ( Cm) and the film capacitance ( Cc) of the binder. The coupling of the two capacitors results in a deviation of the measured Pm from the true Pm, where Pm is the Cm-dependent dispersion coefficient
The Good Death: The Interplay Between Group Dynamics, End of Life Decision Making, and Creative Consumption
Authors: Rockwell Casey , Davis Lenita , Butski Noelle
Published: July 2024

Background

Although death is a primary motivator of behavior, it is not widely studied in marketing.

Focus of the Article

Through case analysis, integration of literature, and in-depth interviews of terminally ill patients, we explore the factors that change the consumption of medical treatment and the social issues that arise between themselves and other key stakeholders.

Research Question

What variables impact the decision-making process of terminally ill patients who choose to use an illegal treatment option?

Program Design/Approach

We explore the factors influencing consumption practices at the end of life through case analysis, literature integration, and in-depth interviews of terminally ill patients.

Importance to Social Marketing Field

This research gives social marketers a rare glimpse into the mind of the consumer at a pivotal moment of consumption end-of-life. Our exploration shows that when the conventional medical system fails, medical consumers engage in creative consumption patterns. Understanding these patterns allows social marketers to better understand and engage with terminally or chronically ill consumers.

Methods

This is a qualitative study using in-depth interviews.

Results

This study found that having an intimate relationship with mortality eliminates or weakens the constraints of cultural institutions and social groups as a part of the decision-making process.
Chronic Kidney Disease and Charcot Neuro-Osteoarthropathy of Foot in Diabetes
Authors: Ghosh Jayaditya , Arjunan Durairaj , Singh Raveena , Bhadada Sanjay Kumar , Rastogi Ashu
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Charcot neuro-osteoarthropathy (CNO) occurs late in diabetes and may cause fracture, deformity, and higher mortality. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) affects bone metabolism and contributes to mortality. However, there is no data on prevalence of CNO and its outcomes with coexisting DKD (or chronic kidney disease [CKD]).

Methods

To ascertain the prevalence of CKD (pick CKD or DKD) among patients with CNO and delineate the remission of active CNO and subsequent lower extremity amputation and all-cause mortality during prospective follow-up. Consecutive patients with diabetic CNO (active or inactive) were enrolled and subsequently divided into those with and without CKD (pick CKD or DKD) (Group A and Group B, respectively). A preestablished timeframe of 36 weeks was utilized to evaluate the remission proportion of active CNO.

Results

A total of 493 CNO patients were observed and 449 subjects (150 patients had active CNO) were further evaluated. The overall prevalence of diabetic nephropathy (DKD or CKD?) CNO was 43.7%. The proportion of patients achieving remission was significantly lower in Group A compared to Group B (OR 0.468, CI [0.239-0.934], P = .025), however, the median time for achieving remission was similar between the 2 groups (14 weeks vs 16 weeks, P = .885). Overall, all-cause mortality was notably higher Group A compared to Group B (OR 2.23, 95% CI [1.474-3.368]) over a median follow-up of 4 years. No significant differences were observed in rates of diabetic foot ulcers (58.2% vs 54.9%; P = .584) and amputations (17.4% vs 15.12%; P = .889) between Group A and Group B.

Conclusion

Patients of CNO with coexisting CKD have poor prognosis both in terms of likelihood of active CNO remission and higher mortality.
The Efficacy of Local Antibiotic Delivery Systems Therapy in the Management of Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Shen Di , Huang Kai , Guo Qiaofeng , Ma Gouping , Ding Liqing
Published: July 2024

Purpose

We aim to evaluate the efficacy of local antibiotic delivery systems in patients with diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO).

Methods

The Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase databases were searched for relevant publications until March 2024. All studies evaluating the efficacy of local antibiotic delivery systems in patients with DFO were included. We calculated pooled risk ratio (RR) with 95% CIs for binary outcomes and mean difference (MD) for continuous outcomes. The Cochrane's risk of bias tool and methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS) assessment were used to evaluate the quality of studies.

Results

A total of 9 studies with 491 patients were included in this analysis. The overall healing rate in antibiotic group was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.67, 0.97). Healing rates were significantly higher in the antibiotic group compared to the control group (RR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.38). Furthermore, recurrence rates and amputation rates have no significantly difference between the antibiotic group and the control group (RR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.04, 2.12 and RR: 0.22, 95% CI:0.03, 1.91), along with no significantly difference in healing time and hospital stays(MD: −7.87, 95% CI: −20.81, 5.07 and MD:−2.33, 95% CI:−5.17, 0.50). No obvious publication bias was observed in the funnel plot (Egger's test, P = .99).

Conclusions

Our meta-analysis found that diabetic foot osteomyelitis patients treated with local antibiotic delivery systems had better healing rates than the control group. However, no significant differences were found in healing time, recurrence, hospital stays, or amputation rates. Larger randomized controlled trials are necessary in the future.
Computed Tomography Finding of Crusty Thrombosed Arteries: An Appearance of Lower Extremity Vascular Pythiosis
Authors: Srisuwan Tanop , Kattipatanapong Thanate , Inmutto Nakarin , Reanpang Termpong , Rerkasem Kittipan , Arworn Supapong
Published: July 2024

Vascular pythiosis is a dreadful vascular infection that presents as a chronic leg ulcer. To distinguish this infectious disease from atherosclerotic occlusion of the lower limb, we investigated the imaging appearance and presence of thick and irregular arterial wall enhancement, named crusty thrombosed arterial sign, on computed tomography images in cases with vascular pythiosis infection of lower extremities. In this study, 13 cases of vascular pythiosis of lower extremities with available images from 2016 to 2022 were reviewed and the presence of crusty thrombosed arterial signs, segments of vascular involvement, and radiological findings of hematologic disease, including hepatosplenomegaly and bone changes were recorded. Crusty arterial sign with long segmental arterial involvement was found in all cases. All cases had hepatomegaly and abnormal spleen, either splenomegaly or splenectomy, found in 12 cases (92.3%). Six cases (46.1%) had thalassemic bone changes. We proposed the pathognomonic radiologic sign of vascular pythiosis: the crusty thrombosed arterial sign, which manifested as diffusely thick and irregular arterial wall enhancement along long arterial thrombosis without skip lesions. Other associated findings included splenomegaly, splenectomy, and thalassemic bone changes. These radiologic findings facilitated the diagnosis of vascular pythiosis, particularly in cases of atypical presentation or unreliable clinical context.
Comparison of Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy and Gradual Wound Approximation Treatments for Infected Fasciotomy Wounds
Authors: Yoğun Yener , Bezirgan Uğur , Ertan Mehmet Batu , Savran Merve Dursun , Kindan Peri , Kalem Mahmut , Armangil Mehmet
Published: July 2024

Negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) and gradual wound approximation (GWA) are effective and reliable methods of treating fasciotomy wounds. However, the effectiveness of these 2 methods in treating infected wounds remains unclear. The aim of our study was to compare these 2 delayed primary closure methods of treating infected fasciotomy wounds on the limbs. Patients who underwent fasciotomy surgery on the extremities after sustaining crushing injuries in the 2023 Kahramanmaraş-centered earthquakes and who were referred owing to infected open wounds during follow-up were included in the study. Patients who completed the wound closure process at our clinic were divided into 2 groups: the NPWT and GWA groups. Using retrospectively collected data, the groups were compared in terms of demographic characteristics, time until wound closure, number of surgeries, skin graft requirements, and complications. Laboratory parameters were also examined. Thirteen patients, (with 21 wounds) who underwent NPWT and 14 (with 22 wounds) who underwent GWA, were examined. The average age of the NPWT group was 32.85 ± 18.37 years, whereas that of the GWA group was 25.21 ± 16.31 years. The number of surgeries in the NPWT and GWA groups were 5.38 ± 2.11 and 4.23 ± 1.27, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( P = .040). The average wound closure times of the NPWT and GWA groups ( P = .0210) (11.00 ± 4.86 days and 8.27 ± 2.41 days, respectively) also differed significantly. Skin grafting was performed in 5 patients in the NPWT group and 2 in the GWA group. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of skin graft requirements or complication rates. NPWT and GWA are effective and reliable methods of closing infected fasciotomy wounds. Closure of these wounds can be achieved in a shorter time and with fewer surgeries using GWA than using NPWT.
Effect of Using Photobiomodulation (660 Nanometers) for the Treatment of Diabetic Ulcers: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Miranda Mariana Bezerra , Barbosa da Rocha Rebeca , Alves Rayana Fontenele , Cardoso Vinicius Saura
Published: July 2024

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) result in tissue damage or impairment of deeper structures that affect quality of life. The impacts are numerous, and even after a long treatment period, 65% of patients experience recurrence. Among the interventions used to accelerate the healing process of DFUs, photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) is a painless, noninvasive, and low-cost treatment. To achieve effective therapeutic results optimal PBMT parameters are necessary. The positive effect of PBMT on diabetic cells may be dependent on fluence (J/cm2) and wavelength (nm). This double-blind, randomized clinical trial will be conducted at the University Clinic of Physical Therapy. One hundred patients will be randomly placed in 4 groups. A Laserpulse Ibramed (Helium-Neon, HeNe, 660 nm) with 20 W power will be used (continuous mode), with doses stipulated for each treatment group (GL1, 4 J/cm2; GL2, 8 J/cm2; GL3, 12 J/cm2) and Endophoton KLD GaAs 904 nm (ST, 10 J/cm2) for 2 nonconsecutive days per week for 10 weeks, for a total of 20 sessions. The primary outcomes will be ulcer healing rate and University of Texas classification scores. Patients’ DFUs will be assessed on the 1st day, 5 weeks, and 10 weeks of treatment then 1 month after the end of treatment. This study may aid effective clinical decision-making for the management of DFUs.