bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CARNITINE INSUFFICIENCY IS ASSOCIATED WITH ADVERSE OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION
Authors: Kinugasa Y. , Sugihara S. , Yamada K. , Miyagi M. , Matsubara K. , Kato M. , Yamamoto K.
Published: December 2021

Background: L-carnitine is an essential nutrient that plays a vital role in fatty acid energy metabolism of the heart and skeletal muscles. Primary or secondary carnitine insufficiency contributes to progressive left ventricular systolic dysfunction and physical frailty. However, the clinical features of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and carnitine insufficiency remain unclear. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of these patients. Design: A prospective cohort study. Setting: Tottori University hospital. Participants: 117 patients who were hospitalized with HFpEF (ejection fraction ≥45%). Measurement: All measurements were obtained at hospital discharge. Carnitine insufficiency was defined as the lowest quantile of free carnitine level (<56.3 μmol/L) or the highest quantile of acylcarnitine to free carnitine ratio (≥0.35). Nutritional status and physical activity were assessed by the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and Barthel index (BI). Left ventricular diastolic function was assessed by echocardiography. The composite endpoints were hospitalization for heart failure and death from cardiac causes. Results: Patients with carnitine insufficiency (44.4%) had lower values of GNRI and BI, higher B-type natriuretic peptide levels, and lower early diastolic mitral annular velocity in the subgroups with sinus rhythm compared with those with preserved carnitine (all p<0.05). During a mean follow-up of 472±249 days, composite endpoints occurred in 26.5% of patients. Multivariate Cox hazard analysis showed that carnitine insufficiency was an independent predictor of cardiac events (p<0.05). Conclusions: Carnitine insufficiency is associated with adverse outcomes in patients with HFpEF.
COMPARING OLDER ADULTS PRESENTING WITH DEHYDRATION AS A PRIMARY DIAGNOSIS VERSUS A SECONDARY DIAGNOSIS IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT
Authors: Mentes J.C. , Aronow H.
Published: December 2021

Objectives: We compared clinical data of older adults, >65 years of age who presented to a large urban ED with a primary diagnosis of dehydration, ICD code 276.5 (PD) to those with dehydration as a secondary diagnosis (SD). Design: Comparative study using a large hospital emergency room administrative database (2008-2009). Setting: Large urban hospital. Participants: 231 participants mean age 81 years, 86 with PD were matched on age, gender and ethnicity to 145 with SD. Measurements: We collected data on chief complaints, laboratory tests, medical diagnoses, and medications as listed in the database. Results: Among major diagnoses, those with SD were more likely to have an infection. A logistic regression with SD as dependent variable and using variables significant at the univariate level revealed that infections (AOR= 6.7, 95% CI 2.92, 15.08) and difficulties with activities of daily living (AOR= 2.19, 95% CI 1.02-4.66) were more likely in those presenting with SD than with PD. Patients with SD were less likely to have a diabetes diagnosis (AOR=.32, 95% CI .14, .72), have diarrhea (AOR= .50, 95% CI .22, 1.19), and present with a dry mouth (AOR= .39, 95% CI, .19, .78). Those with SD were significant more likely to be repeat ED users, have longer hospital stays and have higher hospital costs than those with PD. Conclusions: Comorbid dehydration is often obscured by the seriousness of the presenting condition in the ED. This creates a missed opportunity to educate the patients and their families about the importance of maintaining adequate hydration, which may prevent rehospitalization.
DIETETIC MANAGEMENT OF MALNUTRITION IN A HEALTHCARE SETTING: A SIX MONTH PRAGMATIC RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL WITH A 24 MONTH FOLLOW-UP
Authors: Milosavljevic M. , Bowden S. , Ferguson A. , Barone L. , Mason S. , Tapsell L. , Noble G.
Published: December 2021

Background: This study explored approaches to long term dietetic management of disease related malnutrition, a growing problem across hospitals in the industrialised world. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two current models of dietetic care for patients with Disease Related Malnutrition. Design: A six month pragmatic randomised controlled trial was conducted with a 24 month follow up. Setting: All patients referred to the dietitian from two general medical and two surgical wards at a major public regional referral centre who met the inclusion criteria were invited to participate. This included being identified on admission as “at risk” of malnutrition or malnourished. Participants: Dietitians attended to 1222 patients during the recruitment period. From 320 eligible participants, 241 (78%) were recruited; of these only 85 (27%) completed the study. Intervention: It compared extended community–based dietetic management with the more traditional short-term hospital care alone. Measurements: A series of variables were recorded at enrolment, six months and then a follow up at 24 months. These included: nutritional assessment, level of satisfaction with the dietetic service, bed day utilisation, readmission and mortality rates. Results: An intention to treat analysis showed both groups had a significant improvement in nutritional status at six months and this was maintained at 24 months. When patients received an extended community care dietetic service they were significantly more satisfied with the dietetic service than those who did not receive the service (P<0.001). Conclusion: The current standard dietetic care of patients admitted to our institution led to significant improvements in their nutritional status at six months and two years from initial contact. The patient’s level of satisfaction with the dietetic service was high when they were seen in the community.
DIABETES STATUS IS ASSOCIATED WITH POOR COGNITIVE PERFORMACE IN SAUDI POPULATION AT HIGH METABOLIC RISK
Authors: Alaama T. , Basheikh M. , Khiyami A. , Mutwalli M. , Batawi S. , Watfa G.
Published: December 2021

Objective: Previous studies have shown that Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment, but little data is available on Arabic populations, inspite of their remarkably high prevalence of DM. In this study we attempt to study the effect of DM on cognitive performance in middle-aged and elderly patients. Design: Observational cross sectional study. Setting: Outpatient clinics in King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Participants: The study included 241 volunteers aged 59.6 ± 9.2 years; 171 outpatients with DM, matched with 70 controls without. Measurements: Volunteers underwent cognitive assessment using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test (MoCA) and the Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS). Results: RUDAS score was poorer in diabetics (25,25 ± 2,78 vs. 26,71 ± 2,57 in controls; p<0.0001) who are more likely to have cognitive impairment 16% , than those who are not diabetics 3%; p=0.004. This association was confirmed in multivariate analyses and shown to be independent of female gender and low education level, all of which were associated with worse RUDAS cognitive score.The results were not significant when the MoCA was used, as 85 % of the cases and 78 % of the controls had abnormal results;p=0.194.Among diabetics, there was no statistically significant effect found for glycemic control or DM duration on either one of the tests.The prevalence of obesity was similar in the two groups with 63% in diabetics and 62% in controls. Conclusion: In our population with an alarming prevalence of obesity, diabetes was associated with poorer cognitive performance independent of female gender or low education level, drawing attention to this under-recognized problem of cognitive impairment that could result in significant health and social problems, particularly in areas with high diabetes prevalence. RUDAS was found to be a very reasonable and convenient test to assess cognition in our sample characterized by a low educational level.
Identifikasi dan Pencegahan Daerah Rawan Bencana Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan Gambut Di Kalimantan Barat
Authors: Dicelebica Tamas Faiz , Akbar Aji Ali , Jati Dian Rahayu
Published: December 2021

Kalimantan Barat memiliki potensi bencana kebakaran hutan dan lahan gambut yang tinggi karena banyaknya titik api dan jenis lahan gambut yang mudah terbakar pada musim kemarau. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memetakan dan menentukan kecenderungan titik pamas dan mengidentifikasi dan mencegah kawasan rawan kebakaran hutan dan lahan gambut dengan data hotspot, peta curah hujan, peta tutupan lahan, peta kesatuan hidrologis gambut, dan peta cekungan air tanah menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis atau SIG. Metode overlap digunakan untuk menganalisis kecenderungan titik panas sedangkan Overlay dan Scoring digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi kawasan rawan kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Setelah dilakukan analisis titik panas, terdapat kecenderungan curah hujan pada kelas curah hujan 1.500-3.000 mm/tahun dengan 2.192 kejadian. Perubahan tutupan lahan di kawasan hutan mengalami penurunan sebesar 7,96%. Peningkatan tutupan lahan di kawasan non-hutan sebesar 11,26%, mempengaruhi potensi dan kecenderungan titik api dan bencana kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Kubu Raya memiliki tingkat kerawanan bencana kebakaran pada kelas sangat rawan dengan luasan 0,26%, dan Kapuas Hulu memiliki tingkat kerawanan bencana kebakaran pada kelas tidak rawan dengan luas 0,19%. Kabupaten Ketapang merupakan daerah dengan tingkat pencegahan tertinggi, dengan luas cekungan airtanah sebesar 26,46%.ABSTRACTWest Kalimantan has a high potential for forest and peatland fire disasters due to the high number of hotspots and the type of peatland which burns easily during the dry season. The purpose of this research is to map and determine the trend of hotspots and areas prone to forest and peatland fires and prevent them with hotspot data, rainfall maps, land cover maps, maps of peat hydrological units, and maps of groundwater basins using Geographic Information Systems or GIS. The overlap method is used to analyze the trend of hotspots; meanwhile, Overlay and Scoring are used to identify areas prone to forest and land fires in this research. After analyzing the hotspots, there is a tendency for rainfall with a class of 1,500-3,000mm/year with 2,192 events. Land cover change in forested areas decreased by 7.96%. It increased land cover in non-forest areas by 11.26%, affecting the potential and tendency of hotspots and forest and land fire disasters. Kubu Raya has a fire disaster vulnerability level in the very vulnerable class with an area of 0.26%, and Kapuas Hulu has a fire disaster vulnerability level in the non-prone class with an area of 0.19%. Ketapang Regency is the area with the highest prevention rate, with a groundwater basin area of 26.46%.
Estimasi Dosis Radiasi 210Po pada Ikan Laut Konsumsi dari Perairan Banda Aceh
Authors: Balqis Risa Chintia , Febriani Febriani , Makmur Murdahayu
Published: December 2021

The main idea of this study is to calculate 210Po activity in marine biota from Banda Aceh waters and calculate dose estimates for marine biota consumers. Polonium analysis was carried out for Kaka Tua fish, Layur fish, Talang-talang fish, Kawet fish, and sharks using alpha spectrometer. The highest 210Po activity was found in sharks at 16.90 Bq/kg and Kaka tua fish at 16.24 Bq/kg. This activity is slightly above the recommended value for seafood, which is 15 Bq / kg. Based on the calculation, the daily intake for adults is around 0.18-0.41 Bq, for children, it is 0.12-0.27 Bq, and infant are 0.06-0.14 Bq. The daily intake of adults and children exceeds the recommended annual intake limit. However, the annual intake of many countries in the Asian region, including Japan and China, also far exceeds the recommended value. The amount of marine fish consumed significantly influences this annual dose estimate. The estimated dosage of 210Po yearly for adult consumers is 32.3-71.42 µSv/year for children, it ranges from 46.65-103.16 µSv/year, and for infants, it ranges from 78.95-174.58 µSv/year. These values are similar to the UNSCEAR recommended values: around 70, 100, and 180 µSv/year for adults, children, and infants. Ide utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menghitung aktivitas 210Po pada biota laut dari perairan Banda Aceh dan menghitung estimasi dosis terhadap konsumen ikan laut. Analisis polonium dilakukan terhadap sampel ikan ikan kaka tua, ikan layur, ikan talang-talang, ikan kawet, dan ikan hiu menggunakan alfa spektrometer. Hasil penelitian menemukan aktivitas 210Po tertinggi pada ikan hiu yaitu 16,90 Bq/kg, dan ikan Kaka tua sebesar 16,24 Bq/kg. Aktivitas ini sedikit diatas nilai yang direkomendasikan untuk makanan laut, yaitu sebesar 15 Bq/kg. Berdasarkan perhitungan, asupan harian terhadap orang dewasa sekitar 0,18–0,41 Bq, untuk anak anak sebesar 0,12–0,27 Bq dan bayi sebesar 0,06-0,14 Bq. Asupan harian dewasa dan anak melebih batas tahunan asupan yang direkomendasikan, namun asupan tahunan dari banyak Negara di kawasan Asia termasuk Jepang dan China juga jauh melebih nilai yang direkomendasikan Jumlah konsumsi ikan laut sangat berpengaruh terhadap estimasi dosis tahunan ini. Penghitungan estimasi dosis 210Po tahunan terhadap konsumen dewasa adalah sebesar 32,3–71,42 µSv/tahun, untuk anak anak berkisar antara 46,65–103,16 µSv/tahun dan untuk bayi berkisar antara 78,95–174,58 µSv/tahun. Nilai ini mirip dengan nilai rekomendasi UNSCEAR, yaitu sekitar 70, 100 dan 180 µSv/tahun untuk dewasa, anak anak dan bayi.
Pengaruh El Niño Terhadap Pola Distribusi Klorofil-a dan Pola Arus di Wilayah Perairan Selatan Maluku
Authors: Haryanto Yosafat Donni , Hadiman Hadiman , Agdialta Rezfiko , Riama Nelly Florida
Published: December 2021

El Niño is a phenomenon that can affect changes in weather and climate elements in Indonesia, especially rainfall. During the El Niño events, the rainfall in Maluku region tended to decrease. This condition can indeed cause prolonged drought. However, El Niño events also have a positive impact, especially in water areas. During the El Niño events, the chlorophyll-a concentration in the water will increase. This is due to the upwelling process that removes nutrients from the sea. High chlorophyll-a concentrations will bring pelagic fish species in the waters. The correlation test between sea surface temperature (SST) during El Niño and chlorophyll-a has a value of -0.91. This correlation value indicates that when SST increases, the chlorophyll-a concentration in the waters will decrease, on the other hand, if SST has decreased, the chlorophyll-a concentration in the water will increase. The value of chlorophyll-a concentration in the water during the El Niño event (July - February) showed a significant increase compared to during normal conditions. Of all the El Niño events, 2015 to 2016 was the year with the strongest El Niño events. The chlorophyll-a concentration during El Niño 2015 to 2016 was very high, ranging from 0.2 to 1.0 mg / m3. The results obtained indicate that the El Niño event has a positive correlation with the increase in chlorophyll-a concentration in the water. El Niño merupakan fenomena yang tidak bisa dihindari, kejadian El Niño  dapat mengurangi curah hujan seperti di wilayah Maluku. Namun, kejadian El Niño  juga mempunyai dampak postif khususnya di wilayah perairan. Pada saat terjadi El Niño  maka konsentrasi klorofil-a di perairan akan meningkat. Hal ini disebabkan karena adanya proses upwelling yang mengangkat nutrisi dari dalam laut. Konsentrasi klorofil-a yang tinggi akan mendatangkan jenis ikan pelagis di perairan. Uji  korelasi antara suhu permukaan laut (SST) pada saat El Niño  dengan klorofil-a memiliki nilai  - 0.91. Nilai korelasi ini menunjukkan bahwa pada saat SST mengalami kenaikan maka konsentrasi klorofil di perairan akan menurun, sebaliknya jika SST mengalami penurunan maka konsentrasi klorofil diperairan akan meningkat. Nilai konsentrasi klorofil-a diperairan pada saat kejadian El Niño  (Juli - Februari) menunjukkan peningkatan yang cukup signifikan dibandingkan pada saat tidak terjadi El Niño . Dari semua kejadian El Niño , tahun 2015 - 2016 merupakan kejadian dengan El Niño  yang sangat kuat. Konsentrasi klorofil-a pada saat El Niño  2015 - 2016 sangat tinggi berkisar 0.2 - 1.0 mg/m3. Dari hasil yang didapatkan menunjukkan bahwa kejadian El Niño  dapat mempengaruhi konsentrasi klorofil-a diperairan.
Ekstraksi, Karakterisasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Astaxanthin dari Produk Fermentasi Udang (Cincalok)
Authors: Mauludia Mauludia , Usman Thamrin , Rahmalia Winda , Imam Prayitno Dwi , Nani Nurbaeti Siti
Published: December 2021

Shrimp is one of the aquatic organisms that contain several active compounds, including astaxanthin. Cincalok is one of the fermented shrimp products containing astaxanthin. This study aims to determine the characteristics of astaxanthin extract from cincalok and its antioxidant activity. Extraction of astaxanthin from cincalok was carried out using the reflux method with acetone : cyclohexane (20:80 v/v) as a solvent. The identification and characterization of astaxanthin was carried out using thin-layer chromatography (TLC), UV-Vis spectrophotometry, and High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity test was carried out using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method in one serial concentration (5; 15; 25 ppm). The results of TLC analysis showed that astaxanthin in cincalok extract has Rf value (0.32). The analysis using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer produced a spectrum with a maximum wavelength of 477 nm, which corresponds to the maximum wavelength of standard astaxanthin. The yield of astaxanthin extract from cincalok in this study was 1.47 mg/100 g wet weight. The chromatogram from the results of UHPLC analysis showed that the retention time of cincalok astaxanthin extract was 6.27 minutes with a purity of 18.03%. The antioxidant activity of cincalok astaxanthin extract was 568.32 ppm. Udang merupakan salah satu organisme air yang mengandung banyak senyawa aktif, termasuk astaxanthin. Cincalok merupakan salah satu produk hasil fermentasi udang yang mengandung astaxanthin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik ekstrak astaxanthin dari cincalok dan aktivitas antioksidannya. Ekstraksi astaxanthin dari cincalok menggunakan metode refluks dengan pelarut aseton:sikloheksan (20:80 v/v). Identifikasi dan karakterisasi astaxanthin dilakukan dengan menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT), spektrofotometri UV-Vis, dan High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Sedangkan uji aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan menggunakan metode 1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) dengan memvariasikan konsentrasi larutan uji, yaitu 5; 15; 25 ppm. Hasil dari penelitian ini melaporkan astaxanthin pada ekstrak cincalok menunjukkan nilai Rf 0,32 pada kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT). Hasil analisis menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis menghasilkan spektra dengan panjang gelombang maksimum 477 nm, yang sesuai dengan panjang gelombang maksimum astaxanthin standar. Randemen ekstrak astaxanthin dari cincalok pada penelitian ini adalah 1,47 mg/100 g berat basah. Kromatogram dari hasil analisis UHPLC menunjukkan waktu retensi ekstrak astaxanthin cincalok yaitu selama 6,27 menit dengan kemurnian sebesar 18,03%. Aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak astaxanthin cincalok diperoleh sebesar 568,32 ppm.
Pemetaan Lamun Mengunakan Machine Learning Dengan Citra Planetscope Di Nusa Lembongan
Authors: Ginting Devica Natalia Br , Arjasakusuma Sanjiwana
Published: December 2021

Seagrass is one community in benthic habitat that has tremendous benefits for the ecosystem, however the existence of seagrass has been frequently marginalized in recent decades. Seagrass beds functions as a blue carbon ecosystem which are able to absorb carbon higher than terrestrial vegetation. Therefore, it is important to detect and map the seagrass beds distribution to calculate the potential carbon uptake from seagrass. The seagrass mapping can be employed efficiently by using remote sensing imagery and the use of machine learning technology. This research aims to examine the utilization of PlanetScope imagery (3.7 m spatial resolution) for seagrass mapping and to subsequently examine, the effect of atmospheric corrections, sun-glint, and the water column corrections on the accuracy of seagrass mapping. In addition, this study also identified the cover changes in seagrass area from 2016 to 2021 in Nusa Lembongan. The study utilized the tree-based machine learning methods such as decision tree and random forest. The results showed that the best model accuracy was generated by using raw PlanetScope data the best model accuracy of 98% and classification accuracy of 94% from decision tree method. Based on the decision tree mapping using PlanetScope data for 2016 and 2021, there was a decline in the seagrass cover from 100.53 hectares to 97.31 hectares. Lamun merupakan salah satu dari ekosistem habitat bentik yang memiliki manfaat yang sangat besar namun sebagai ekosistem, kehadiran lamun sering dikesampingkan beberapa dekade terakhir. Fungsi padang lamun sebagai ekosistem karbon biru mampu menyerap karbon lebih tinggi dibandingkan vegetasi daratan. Karena itu, penting untuk mendeteksi dan memetakan informasi padang lamun untuk memperhitungkan serapan karbon oleh lamun. Pemanfaatan lamun dapat dilakukan secara cepat dan efisien dengan mengunakan  teknologi penginderaan jauh dan pemenfaatan teknologi machine learning. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji pemanfaatan citra PlanetScope untuk memetakan lamun dan selanjutnya menganalisis pengaruh kalibrasi atmosferik, sun-glint, dan kolom air terhadap akurasi pemetaan padang lamun. Selain itu, perubahan tutupan lamun tahun 2016 – 2021 di Nusa Lembongan juga dipetakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode machine learning berbasis pohon seperti decision tree dan random forest. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan akurasi model terbaik dihasilkan dengan menggunakan data mentah dengan akurasi model 98% dan akurasi klasifikasi 94% dari metode decision tree. Berdasarkan data PlanetScope tahun 2016 dan 2021 dengan mengunakan metode decision tree terjadi penurunan luasan lamun dari 100,53 Ha menjadi 97,31 Ha.
Struktur Komunitas Echinodermata pada Berbagai Tipe Habitat di Daerah Intertidal Pantai Lakeba, Kota Baubau Sulawesi Tenggara
Authors: Tala WD. Syarni , Kusrini Kusrini , Jumiati Jumiati
Published: December 2021

Echinoderms are one of organisms that inhabit intertidal areas which have important ecological roles in marine ecosystems, also have high economic values. The community structure and distribution pattern of Echinoderms in the intertidal area can provide an overview of the condition of the Echinoderm community. This research aims to determine the community structure of Echinoderms in various habitat types in the intertidal areas of Lakeba Beach, Baubau Town. The community structure of Echinoderms were observed using quadratic transec method. Echinoderms found were 777 individuals consisting of 18 species from 5 classes. Echinoderms were distributed in four habitat types, i. e. sandy, sand covered with seagrass, rocky, and rock covered with algae habitats. The highest abundance of Echinoderm was Ophiocoma scolopendrina (Ophiuroidea) and the lowest were Maretia planulata, Arachnoides placenta (Echinoidea), Holothuria scabra, H. leucospilota, Stichopus horrens (Holothuroidea), and Isocrinidae (Crinoidea). The species diversity of Echinoderms was categorized as moderate (H’ = 1,42180), species evenness was moderate (E = 0,49191), and no dominant species of Echinoderm community (D = 0,36601). Echinoderm community living in the intertidal area was influenced by antropogenic factors.  Echinodermata merupakan salah satu organisme yang mendiami daerah intertidal yang memiliki peran ekologis penting bagi ekosistem laut, juga memiliki nilai ekonomis yang tinggi. Struktur komunitas dan pola distribusi Echinodermata pada daerah intertidal dapat memberikan gambaran mengenai kondisi komunitas Echinodermata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas dan pola distribusi Echinodermata di daerah intertidal Pantai Lakeba, Kota Baubau. Struktur komunitas dan pola distribusi Echinodermata diamati menggunakan metode transek kuadrat. Echinodermata yang ditemukan berjumlah 777 individu yang terdiri atas 18 jenis dari 5 kelas. Echinodermata terdistribusi pada empat tipe habitat yaitu habitat pasir, pasir yang ditutupi lamun, batu, dan batu yang ditutupi alga. Echinodermata yang memiliki kelimpahan tertinggi adalah Ophiocoma scolopendrina (Ophiuroidea) dan kelimpahan terendah adalah Maretia planulata, Arachnoides placenta (Echinoidea), Holothuria scabra, H. leucospilota, Stichopus horrens (Holothuroidea), dan Isocrinidae (Crinoidea). Keanekaragaman jenis Echinodermata dikategorikan sedang (H’ = 1,42180), kemerataan jenis sedang (E = 0,49191) dan tidak ada jenis yang dominan dalam komunitas Echinodermata (D = 0,36601). Komunitas Echinodermata yang hidup di daerah intertidal pantai dipengaruhi oleh faktor antropogenik.
Morfometri, Pemijahan, dan Indeks Kematangan Gonad Teripang Komersial di Perairan Pulau Nyamuk, Karimunjawa
Authors: Mustagfirin Mustagfirin , Wijayanti Diah Permata , Subagiyo Subagiyo
Published: December 2021

Sea cucumbers are marine organisms that live in coral reef ecosystem habitats and their associations. Sea cucumbers have been used by communities as food, cosmetics and traditional medicine in various countries. The benefits and high economic value of sea cucumbers make fisheries activities occured massively and continuously. Sea cucumbers were large commodity from Indonesian waters. However, until now it has not received proportional attention. The lack of information on morphometry, spawning in various regions has made the commodity of sea cucumbers decreased. This research was conducted to determine the character of commercial sea cucumber commodities in Pulau Nyamuk, to the occurrence of spawning based on the moon phase. This research was conducted in September - November 2020. This research method uses an analysis approach of gonadal maturity index in determining the spawning of sea cucumbers. The results showed that commercial sea cucumbers in Pulau Nyamuk were Pisang (Holothuria sp.) and Gamat (Stichopus sp.) Sea cucumber. This sea cucumber weighs 300-690 grams wet. Sea Cucumbers, Pisang and Gamat tend to have high IKG values in the new moon phase with IKG index values >10%.  Teripang merupakan organisme laut yang hidup pada habitat ekosistem terumbu karang dan asosiasinya. Teripang telah dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat di sekitar pantai sebagai bahan makanan, kosmetik serta obat tradisional di berbagai negara. Manfaat serta nilai ekonomi teripang yang tinggi membuat aktivitas pemburuan terjadi secara masif dan terus menerus. Teripang juga merupakan komoditas besar yang berasal dari Perairan Indonesia. Namun hingga saat ini belum memperoleh perhatian yang proporsional. Minimnya informasi mengenai morfometri, pemijahan di berbagai daerah membuat komoditas teripang turun secara drastis. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakter komoditas teripang komersial di Pulau Nyamuk, hingga terjadinya pemijahan berdasarkan fase bulan. Penelitian ini bulan September - November 2020 di Perairan Pulau Nyamuk Kecamatan Karimunjawa, Kabupaten Jepara. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan analisis indeks kematangan gonad dalam menentukan pemijahan teripang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teripang komersial di Pulau Nyamuk adalah jenis teripang Pisang (Holothuria sp.) dan Gamat (Stichopus sp.). Teripang ini mempunyai berat 300-690 gram basah. Teripang Pisang dan Gamat cenderung mempunyai nilai IKG yang tinggi pada bulan baru dengan nilai indeks IKG >10%.
Variasi Temporal Kelompok Ikan Terumbu Karang di Pulau Tidung Kecil Menggunakan eDNA Metabarkoding dan Sensus Visual
Authors: Zuhdi Muhammad Fahmi , Madduppa Hawis , Zamani Neviaty P.
Published: December 2021

Coral reef fish are play key role in coral reef ecosystem. The presence of reef fish affected by antrophogenic and natural factors, such seasonal changes. This study aimed to asess the temporal variation of coral reef fish group in Tidung Kecil Island using eDNA metabarcoding and Undewater Visual Census. This research was conducted at December 2019 (West season) and August 2020 (East season). Target group are dominated in west season (64.1%) and east season (59.25%) using eDNA metabarcoding. While, major group fish are the highest relative abundance in both season by using Underwater Visual Census. Family Carangidae are the highest species richness (15 species) in wet season and Serranidae (3 species) in east season, respectively.  Futhermore, famili Pomacentridae are the most richness species in west and east seasons 10 and 11 species respectively. Thus, it can be concluded these two methods are effective for monitoring structure or abundance of coral reef fish based on seasonal variation. Ikan karang menjadi indikator dalam menilai keanekaragaman hayati di ekosistem tersebut. Keberadaan ikan di ekosistem terumbu karang dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor antropogenik dan faktor alam salah satunya perubahan musim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kelimpahan kelompok ikan terumbu karang di Pulau Tidung Kecil menggunakan eDNA metabarkoding dan Sensus Visual. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2019 (musim barat) dan Agustus 2020 (musim timur). Ikan target mendominasi pada musim barat dan timur dengan persentase sebesar 64.11% dan 59.25%. Sensus visual berhasil mendeteksi ikan mayor dengan persentase tertinggi 62.5% di musim barat dan 82.8% di musim timur. Famili Carangidae merupakan famili dengan jumlah spesies tertinggi di musim barat (15 species) dan Siganidae di musim timur menggunakan eDNA metabarkoding (3 species). Hasil UVC menunjukkan famili Pomcentridae memilki jumlah spesies tertinggi di kedua musim (11 dan 10 spesies) menggundakan sensus visual. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kedua metode tersebut dapat menjadi pendekatan dalam monitoring struktur atau kelimpahan ikan terumbu karang berdasarkan musim.
Analisis Tutupan Mangrove Taman Nasional Berbak–Sembilang melalui Citra Landsat-8 dan Pemantauan LAI
Authors: Ulqodry Tengku Zia , Aprianto Andreas Eko , Agussalim Andi , Aryawati Riris , Absori Afan
Published: December 2021

Berbak Sembilang National Park of South Sumatra Region (BSNP South Sumatera) is the largest mangrove ecosystem in the western part of Indonesia. Monitoring of mangrove coverage in BSNP South Sumatera carried out using Landsat-8 imagery data based on NDVI values (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) integrated with mangrove LAI (Leaf Area Index) data. The research purpose was to analyze the mangrove coverage and mapping the density of the mangrove vegetation canopy with the integration of remote sensing data and LAI. This research conducted field survey with LAI measurement of mangrove canopy coverage and integrated with remote sensing data to validate map. The determination and correlation coefficient of NDVI and LAI value of canopy coverage was high (R2 = 0.69 ; r = 83.07).The results of research indicated that the overall distribution of the mangrove area was 94,622.05 ha. The NDVI image integration map with LAI resulted in 4 mangrove canopy density classes consisted of rare canopy (688.80 ha ; 0.73%), moderately dense canopy (1,139.55 ha ; 1.2%), dense canopy (35,003.46 ha ; 37%), and very dense canopy (57,790.20 ha ; 61.07%). Taman Nasional Berbak Sembilang wilayah Sumatera Selatan (TNBS Sumsel) merupakan kawasan ekosistem mangrove terluas di wilayah Indonesia bagian barat. Pemantauan kerapatan kanopi vegetasi mangrove di TNBS Sumsel dilakukan menggunakan data Citra Landsat-8 berdasarkan nilai NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) yang diintegrasikan dengan data LAI (Leaf Area Index) mangrove di lapangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tutupan vegetasi mangrove dan memetakan sebaran kerapatan kanopi mangrove dengan integrasi data penginderaan jauh dan LAI. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengolahan data survei lapangan dan hasil pengolahan citra satelit. Nilai koefisien determinasi dan korelasi antara nilai NDVI dengan nilai LAI tutupan Kanopi di Lapangan dikategorikan tinggi (R2 = 0,69 ; r = 83,07). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tutupan mangrove secara keseluruhan seluas 94.622,05 ha. Peta integrasi citra NDVI dengan LAI mangrove di lapangan menghasilkan 4 kelas kerapatan kanopi mangrove yakni kanopi jarang seluas 688,80 ha (0,73%), kanopi sedang seluas 1.139,55 ha (1,2%), kanopi lebat seluas 35.003,46 ha (37%), dan kanopi sangat lebat seluas 57.790,20 ha (61,07%).
Antioxidant activity of Alginate Oligosaccharides (AOS) from Sargassum sp. for Improving the Cutaneous Wound Enclosure in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Hidayati Jelita Rahma , Yudiati Ervia , Pringgenies Delianis , Mansur Zaneb M. Ben , Idris Fadhliyah
Published: December 2021

Sargassum sp. classified as brown seaweed which is known as an alginophyte (alginate producer). Alginate has undergone a depolymerization process called alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) and has been shown to have antioxidant activities to increase wound tissue recovery. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) and their ability to improve the cutaneous wound enclosure in Zebrafish (Danio rerio). The IC50 value was used to calculate the ability of extract to inhibit free radicals using DPPH (516 nm). Zebrafish were immersed 12 hours before the injury and shortly after injury with a two factorial design, i.e., alginate concentration and immersion time. Zebrafish were immersed for 1 hour, 3 hours, and 5 hours with serial concentration of 200 ppm, 400 ppm, and 600 ppm, respectively. Morphological observations were carried out at the the first day, fourth day, tenth day, and twenty-first-day post wounding. The results of this study showed that alginate from Sargassum sp. has a yield of 40.5 ± 1.125% with a purity level of 89.95%. Based on antioxidant activity, alginate is categorized as moderate (178,377 ppm) and evidently has the ability to increase wound recovery compared to control. It has indicated by the formation of the wound enclosure.
Ascidians Outbreak: A Threat For Coral Reefs in Panjang Island, Jepara
Authors: Haryanti Dwi , Wijayanti Diah Permata , Yulianto Bambang , Sibero Mada Triandala , Shabrina Lutfillah Arief Ghinaa
Published: December 2021

Eutrophication and sedimentation have become a major threat to coral reefs in nearby areas with anthropogenic activities. These threats are often accompanied by shifting ecosystems from coral-rich to fast-growing algae-dominated water, and high prevalence of coral disease. In Panjang Island, Jepara, we observed the outbreak of photosynthetic ascidians along with a high sedimentation at the eastern part of the island. The ascidians were seen overgrowing most substrates including corals, macroalgae, dead-coral-algae, and rubbles in April to May 2019. In July and August 2019, observation and data collection using quadrant transect were conducted to monitor the outbreak. The result showed that ascidians were still present in the area, despite becoming pale and smaller. This report shows that the outbreak of these photosynthetic ascidians was not persistent, however, the effect on coral reef health should not be overlooked.
Dynamic Linear Interdependence between International Trade and Macroeconomic Stability in Nigeria: A Vector Error Correction Modelling.
Authors: Tuaneh Godwin Lebari , Essi Isaac Didi , Ozigbu C Johnbosco
Published: December 2021

Causal relationships are often treated erroneously in isolation as a single equation without the consideration of the endogeneity of right-hand side variables and also without recourse to the presence of coco-integration. This study modelled and estimated the dynamic linear interdependence between international trade and macroeconomic stability in Nigeria. The specific objectives were to, establish the trend of the study variables, model and estimate the interdependence existing among total export, total import, exchange rate, and inflation rate, determine the significant causalities and summarize the causal channels among the study variables. The study used the quasi-experimental design. The study used monthly time series data which span from January, 2000 to June, 2019. The data on all the variables were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin. Appropriate models were specified in line with the objectives. The study used the Vector Error Correction Models, the pre and post-diagnostic tests were also conducted.  The unit root test results showed that the variables were integrated of order one [I(1)]. The co-integration test results showed 1 co-integrating equation and VAR lag length selection criteria choose lag 2. The Vector Error Correction Result showed that inflation rate was the most explained by variations in the independent variables (R2 =73.4%) while exchange Rate was the least explained (R2 =18.8%), the total export model had R2 =53.8% and total import model had (R2 =59.2%. Significant bi-directional causality was found between total export and inflation rate, and also between total import and inflation rate. There was also significant joint causality on total import and also on exchange rate. The post test showed that the models were stable. It was recommended that the right-hand side variables should be tested for endogeneity before concluding on single or system equation. It was also recommended that policies to check inflation rate should consider possibility of shocks to international trade.
Change Management via Data Analytics for a successful Lean Transformation of Public Companies
Authors: Angelopoulos Michail , Pollalis Yannis
Published: December 2021

Data analytics is one of the biggest "revolutions" that have taken place in recent years at the business level, enabling many companies to go through a digital transformation, reducing risks and costs and making them more Agile and Lean. Data analytics is a process with heavy business relevance, companies are analyzing data - numbers mainly - and trying to determine decisions for the future based on it.

Hence, severe pressure is being posed on public companies to dwindle their operational costs. A method contributing to this direction is the Lean philosophy, as through proper strategies, with its practices and tools leads to substantial resources saving. Each company possesses a unique way of integrating the principles and practices of Lean Management. In other words, there is no specific methodology, which is applicable by every business worldwide. Explicit condition for the success of Lean Management is the presence of the Effective Change Management.

Data analysis is achieved by using the quantitative research method, which highlights the existence of influence as a "moderator effect" of the strategy followed by an effective change management compared to the aforementioned critical success factors (CSFs) was examined by performing interaction analysis in "IBM SPSS Amos 21, so that the parsimonious transformation is feasible. The quantitative approach is based on sample research with standardized questionnaire actualized at the two biggest Greek companies of public interest and utility purpose. The data from the participants’ responses ere inserted on a data basis «SPSS Version 23 for Windows».

The findings of the research showed that human and organizational factors determine the greatest part of the effective integration of the Lean Management in public companies.

The study examined, the influence of an Effective Change Management on important CSFs for a successful integration Lean Management (Lean Transformation) in Greek public companies. Also contributes to fill a research gap on the impact of Lean Management in public companies, since the vast majority of research work is focused on the private sector.
Let’s talk about doctoral education. A reflection regarding the changes on it
Authors: Coutinho Isabel Ribau
Published: December 2021

Doctoral education is the link between research and higher education, being a hybrid area. In this context, the doctoral research project must correspond to the demands of both areas. The PhD. supervisor must be a team leader and, at some time, a doctorate guide, and a teacher. The PhD students must learn how to be a part of the research team, and simultaneously develop their research skills and knowledge. But PhD continues to be an individual and solitary journey, being the justification for it, the originality of knowledge created during the PhD.

In the last years, in Portugal, PhD students and PhD supervisors were auscultated. The supervisors’ rules were captured, doctorate experiences were collected, and supervision processes were analysed and deepened knowledge about doctoral education. But still, this vision is incomplete not only because few supervisors took part in the research (first because the sample population were limited to one Portuguese University (NOVA Lisbon University) and secondly, because most of the PhD supervisors didn´t respond to the surveys.

The data presented in this paper is part of a larger study that started at UNL before the pandemic. It examines the supervisor’s opinion regarding the PhD curriculum, constraints faced in day-to-day supervisor life, changes that may improve doctoral education (completion rates, decrease in attrition, curriculum, team supervision). But he also captures the doctorate perceptions regarding the doctoral research monitorization activities and instruments, constraints, and positive aspects during the PhD journey and, changes to be made in the PhD curriculum.
Effect of Climate Change on Acquisition of Quality Education: A Case Study of Maasai Pastoralists in Narok County, Kenya
Authors: KORIR JANET
Published: December 2021

Climate change is a global phenomenon with far reaching impacts. Arid and semi-arid communities in Kenya, among them the Maasai community from Narok County, are dependent on the natural resources for their livelihood thus are greatly hit by the adverse impacts of climate change. This paper sought to establish the indirect effects of climate change on the quality of education among the Maasai community. Desktop literature review approach and key informant phone interviews were adopted for data collection. The review of literature indicated that increased poverty levels arising from climate change has largely affected the affordability of quality education. Therefore, people in Maasai community resort to coping mechanisms on labour demands that accelerate school dropout as well as early marriages. The Maasai herders are forced to increase their migration trends to long distances, a practice that has increased child labour disrupting learning for most school going children. In addition, the girl child has become more vulnerable to sexual abuse and early marriages with a consequent denial of education opportunities. The effect of the climate change on wildlife habitat has led to human- wildlife conflict that poses a threat to the security of the community members and therefore interferes with the smooth running of schools. Consequently, interventions to mitigate climate change effects should not only concentrate on the direct but also the indirect impacts that have got multiplier effects on sectors like education. These interventions should include, provision of adequate water infrastructure, investment in education policy and boarding school Infrastructural development.
Examining The Benefits And Challenges Of Implementing Total Quality Management Practices In Manufacturing Small And Medium-Sized Enterprises In Ghana
Authors: Nyarko Cynthia Oduro
Published: December 2021

Micro, Small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) are important to national development as they produce a huge percentage of the national output and provide an even greater proportion of employment. They play a significant role in economic growth, innovation, poverty alleviation and raise standard of living.  Research has shown that most manufacturing SMEs that adopt and implement TQM practices exhibited a significant positive relationship and confirmed that TQM practices are indicators of firm performance.  The study examines the benefits of TQM implementation, and the challenges these manufacturing SMEs face in their attempt to implement TQM practices.  The study which was exploratory in nature used descriptive survey and a structured interview to collect data from the SMEs who were purposively selected for the interview.  The study purposively selected fifty (50) owner-managers for the interview, but due to the COVID-19 health pandemic, only five (5) participated in the interview.  A sample size of 5 respondents were selected for exploratory study in Accra metropolitan area of the Greater Accra region to respond to the interview instrument.   The tool for qualitative data analysis was NVivo version 11.  The study discovered that manufacturing SMEs adopted and implemented TQM practices in their organisations. The TQM practices which were analysed were: organisational leadership; strategic planning and development; customer focus; human resource focus; continuous improvement and process management.  The study established that effective implementation of TQM practices led to financial performance of these manufacturing SMEs as there was a significant positive relationship between the TQM practices and firm performance.   The study although confirmed a direct positive relationship between quality management practices and firm performance, there were numerous challenges that serves as barriers to TQM implementation in the organisations. The challenge of downsizing was the most reported among the SMEs.  It is recommended that manufacturers in the SME sector must be aware of the prospects of quality management practices since the success of its implementation depends largely on its awareness.  It is also recommended that SMEs identifies challenges that face its implementation of TQM, so as to eliminate any barrier to its implementation.
IoT Serverless Computing at the Edge: Open Issues and Research Direction
Authors: Kjorveziroski Vojdan , Bernad Canto Cristina , Juan Roig Pedro , Gilly Katja , Mishev Anastas , Trajkovik Vladimir , Filiposka Sonja
Published: December 2021

Novel computing paradigms aim to enable better hardware utilization, allowing a greater number of applications to be executed on the same physical resources. Serverless computing is one example of such an emerging paradigm, enabling faster development, more efficient resource usage, as well as no requirements for infrastructure management by end users. Recently, efforts have been made to utilize serverless computing at the network edge, primarily focusing on supporting Internet of Things (IoT) workloads. This study explores open issues, outlines current progress, and summarizes existing research findings about serverless edge computing for IoT by analyzing 67 relevant papers published between 01.01.2015 and 01.09.2021. We discuss the state-of-the-art research in 8 subject areas relevant to the use of serverless at the network edge, derived through the analysis of the selected articles. Results show that even though there is a noticeable interest for this topic, further work is needed to adapt serverless to the resource constrained environment of the edge.