bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDI KOMPARASI PERKAWINAN BEDA AGAMA DALAM HUKUM NASIONAL DAN FIKIH
Authors: Paikah Nur
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study uses a comparative study that seeks to find similarities and differences or compare the similarity of views of interfaith marriages according to national marriage law with fiqh. The basic marriage law in Indonesia is regulated in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia number  1 of 1974. While fiqh in question is the fiqh of four Mazhab in Islam.Interfaith marriage in Law number 1 of 1974 has not been clearly regulated. However, Clause 2 paragraph 1 states that marriage is legal if it is carried out according to the laws of each religious law and its beliefs. It is explicitly understood that if interfaith marriages are not in accordance with religious law, then the marriage cannot be held. This is in line with the marriage of interfaith in fiqh which is basically prohibited.Keywords: Marriage Different Religion; National Law; Jurisprudence.
TELAAH MAQASID SYARIAH TERHADAP PUTUSAN MK NO. 22/PUU-XV/2017 TENTANG BATAS USIA NIKAH
Authors: Latief Hamzah
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study is a review of the decision of the Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK) No.22 / PUU-XV / 2017 about the age limit of marriage. The marriage age formulation carried out by the Mahkamah Konstitusi through recommendations in its decision to be revised up to the age of female marriage between 18-19 years. This study is a normative study with a library analysis of the Mahkamah Konstitusi decision regarding the age of marriage in the perspective of maqasid syari'ah. The results of the study indicate that the Mahkamah Konstitusi decision No.22 / PUU-XV / 2017 regarding changes in the age of marriage for women is in line with the concept of maqasid syari'ah. Keywords: MK Decision; Age of Marriage; Maqasid Syari'ah.
PERKAWINAN SEJENIS DALAM KONSTRUKSI TEORI MASHLAHAH
Authors: Wajdu Fajar
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study uses the Mashlahah approach in explaining the similar legal position of marriage. Based on the consideration of the maslahah by paying attention to the objectives of Islamic law, which is to withdraw maslahah and reject mudharat, similar marriage is in fact contrary to the purpose of the fourth Islamic law, namely raising offspring. Therefore, Islam strictly prohibits marriage not only because it is against the Shari'a, but also contrary to the nature of humans who tend to live in pairs, precisely tend to the opposite sex.Similar marriage or similar sex (homosexual) is a deviant behavior that is very cruel and transcending, which is beyond the limits of the divine will of human nature. Then similar marriage is forbidden in Islam because it not only has a negative impact on the individual, but also ruining community life. Because the reluctance of marriage to the opposite sex is just the same as destroying the survival of humans on the earth, because it has become a sunnatullah that it is impossible to create a generation of humans from same-sex marriage. So the logic of marriage in Islam is with the opposite sex (heterosexual) and not the same sex marriage (homosexual) that justifies liwat.Keywords: Similar Marriage; Sexuality; Maslahah.
Challenging Beliefs about the Psychotherapy of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Authors: Gaston Louise
Published: August 2019

Clinical guidelines for treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have recommended using cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) only. This is not surprising given that almost all randomized clinical trials were conducted by CBT researchers examining the efficacy of CBT. The two types of standardized CBT -- trauma-focused and non-trauma-focused – were both found to be equally efficacious for treating PTSD. However, their observed efficacy is limited -- only partial PTSD remission in only 50% of informed and selected volunteers. Beyond a limited efficacy, claims of high efficacy are often made for trauma-focused CBT, although these modalities were repeatedly found to be associated with attrition and iatrogenic effects. Whenever dynamic and supportive therapies were included in controlled clinical trials, these therapeutic modalities were provided in non-representative ways. Furthermore, any differential findings between therapies disappeared at follow-up, invaliding any conclusion about the superiority of CBT. Only one randomized clinical trial had compared the efficacy of dynamic therapy vs. CBT for treating PTSD, but no differential efficacy was found (Brom et al., 1989). Taken together, these findings suggest that there is a pro- CBT bias in funding, research, and guidelines in the field of PTSD. This pro-CBT bias needs to be acknowledged and corrected. In the meantime, clinicians need to rely on their own judgment, using integrative approaches for treating PTSD in a flexible manner.
The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for People with Depression Following Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cheung Victor K.-L.
Published: August 2019

Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a common psychiatric manifestation of stroke, which has a devastating impact on survivors’ quality of life with an increasing burden on caregivers and the public medical system. Even so, no meta-analysis on specific psychotherapeutic treatment has been conducted. How effective is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in reducing depressive symptoms in randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) targeting community-dwelling stroke survivors with PSD? Through systematic procedures of screening and data extraction, four RCTs were synthesized for meta-analysis (N= 270) on effect size estimates. Overall, CBT groups showed significant improvement in depression compared with controls. Methodological quality, intensity of CBT, and duration of post-treatment follow-up proved critical to treatment effects. Despite the potential threat of external validity, this paper had reviewed their content comprehensively with the implication of facilitating public understanding, research, and service development of PSD using CBT. To fill the knowledge gap, standardized protocol and further subgroup analyses are necessary.
Implementasi Metode Inquiry untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi dan Prestasi Belajar Fiqh Siswa di Kelas VIII MTs Nurul Iman NW Keruak Tahun Pembelajaran 2016/2017
Authors: Efendi Saprudin
Published: August 2019

Di era globalisasi sekarang pendidikan dihadapkan pada tuntutan yang semakin meningkat, baik mutu, maupun kualitasnya. Untuk itu kreativitas seorang guru sangat diperlukan agar tercipta suasana pembelajaran yang lebih menyenangkan. Sesuai hasil evaluasi kurikulum KTSP (2007), diketahui bahwa siswa MTs Nurul Iman NW Keruak belum mencapai kemampuan optimalnya. Siswa hanya tahu banyak fakta tetapi kurang mampu memanfaatkannya, oleh sebab itu sistem pendidikan saat ini dan di masa depan harus dikembangkan agar lebih responsif terhadap tuntutan masyarakat dan tantangan yang akan dihadapi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan; Metode Inquiry dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar Fiqih siswa. Hal ini terlihat dari prosentase peningkatan motivasi belajar Fiqih siswa sebesar 28.44% pada data awal (sebelum diterapkan Metode Inquiry) sebesar 49.26%, dan meningkat pada siklus I sebesar 77.70%, serta pada siklus II motivasi belajar siswa sebesar 80.71% atau meningkat 31.45% dari data awal serta meningkat 3.01% dari siklus I. Dengan rata-rata prosentase nilai motivasi belajar Fiqih siswa antara siklus I dan siklus II sebesar 79.20%
The Correlation between Levels of Transforming Growth Factor-β with Pulmonary Fibrosis in Post Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Medan, North Sumatera – Indonesia
Authors: Tarigan Amira Permatasari , Christine Tamara , Ananda Fannie Rizki
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND: Untreated or undertreated, pulmonary tuberculosis could cause severe complications until death. After treatment, residual lesions might occur. The presence of residual lesions is varied, including fibrosis, cavity, bronchiectasis and calcification. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a cytokine associated with lung inflammation, which plays a role in lung fibrosis. However, only a few studies have assessed the serum level of TGF-β in post-treatment tuberculosis patients.
AIM: The main objective of this study was to determine the correlation between TGF-β levels and pulmonary fibrosis in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.
DESIGN: A group of 51 patients that had undergone anti-tuberculosis treatment were observed, consisting of 31 men, 20 women. Of all patients, there were 26 people with a smoking history, including 25 men and 1 woman. All patients had been recovered, confirmed by the clinical state, laboratory and radiology examination. The ELISA test was performed to measure TGF-β level, while the chest X-ray was used to look for the occurrence of pulmonary fibrosis.
RESULTS: The mean level of TGF-β in patients with a lesion (+) was 7628.02 (SD: ± 4928.38) while the mean level of TGF-β in patients with a lesion (-) was 2315.11 (SD: ± 505.83). The statistical test showed a significant relationship between TGF-β level and fibrosis lesion (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: TGF-β level was significantly higher in post-tuberculosis patients with pulmonary fibrosis.
Log-Linear Modelling of Effect of Age and Gender on the Spread of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Odetunmibi Oluwole A. , Adejumo Adebowale O. , Anake Timothy A.
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND: The effect of age and gender on the transmission of any infectious disease can be of great important because the age at which the host contact the disease may be a determinant on the rate at which the disease will spread.
AIM: The purpose of this research is to model the significant effect of age and gender on the spread of hepatitis B virus using data collected from Lagos State, Nigeria.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data that was used for this research is a ten years data covering the period of 2006 to 2015, which was collected from Nigeria Institute of Medical Research (NIMR). A log-linear modelling approach was employed using R programming language software. Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) method of model selection was used in selecting the best model.
RESULTS: It was discovered from the analysis that both factors (age and gender) have a significant effect on the spread of hepatitis B infection. This means that the age at which an individual is tested positive to hepatitis B virus will affect the spread of the disease. In choosing the best model among the four models that were developed, model AY: GY (age & year: gender and year) was found to be the best model.
CONCLUSION: Age and gender were found to act as a risk influencer that could have a great effect on the transmission of hepatitis B virus infections in Lagos state, Nigeria.
Evaluation of Shear-Bond-Strength of Dental Self-Adhering Flowable Resin-Composite versus Total-Etch One to Enamel and Dentin Surfaces: An In-Vitro Study
Authors: Abdelraouf Rasha M. , Mohammed Manar , Abdelgawad Fatma
Published: August 2019

AIM: This study aimed to assess the shear bond strength of a self-adhering flowable resin composite versus a total-etch one to different surfaces of permanent-molars.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-six sound human permanent molars were used. The teeth were embedded in acrylic blocks, such that their buccal surfaces were shown. The teeth were divided into three groups: Group I: Uncut-Enamel, Group II: Cut-enamel-surfaces with minimal-grinding and Group III: dentin-surfaces. Half of the teeth in each group were used for bonding to a self-adhering flowable resin-composite (Dyad-flow, Kerr, USA). While the other half of each group was bonded to a total-etch flowable resin-composite (Filtek™Z350-XT,3M-ESPE, USA) which necessitate etching and bonding. Teflon-mold was used for constructing resin composite cylinders (3 × 3 mm) over the buccal surfaces. The Dyad-flow was applied in the central hole of the mould placed upon tooth-surface, and then light-cured for 20 seconds. The Filtek-Z350-XT was applied similarly after etching and bonding steps. The teeth were stored in 37°C distilled water for 24 hours. The strength was measured using a universal testing machine and statistically analysed. Modes of failure were studied using digital-microscope.
RESULTS: Mean values of shear bond strength for the Dyad and Filtek-Z350-XT in the uncut-enamel were 3.5 and 24.6MPa respectively, while that for cut-enamel were 4.5 and 12.7MPa respectively (Both highly statistically significant P ≤ 0.01) and in dentin were 4.3 and 6.7MPa respectively (Statistically significant P ≤ 0.05). The failure mode for Dyad was mainly adhesive (un-cut or cut-enamel 83.3% adhesive and 16.7% mixed, while in dentin 100% adhesive). While the modes of failure for Filtek-Z350-XT in enamel, either cut or un-cut, were 50% cohesive and 50% mixed, whereas in dentin 100% adhesive.
CONCLUSION: Bonding of self-etch ″Dyad-flow″ flowable resin-composite was lower than the total-etch one in enamel and dentin. Thus further material improvement may be required.
Evaluation of Bond Strength of Aesthetic Type of Posts at Different Regions of Root Canal after Application of Adhesive Resin Cement
Authors: Allabban Mahmoud N. M. , Youssef Salah A. , Nejri Ali Abkar Mohammed , Qudaih Mohamed A. A.
Published: August 2019

AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the bond strength between esthetic posts and dentin at different regions of the root canal in passive mode or push-out active mode.
METHODS: Twenty extracted human bicuspid single canal teeth were used in this study. Teeth were sectioned below the cement-enamel junction. The roots of teeth were endodontically treated. Glass fibre posts (Glassix plus, Harald Nordin SA, Switzerland) and zirconia posts (Zirix, Harald Nordin) were then adhesively luted with total-etch (Variolink N, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) and self-adhesive (Multilink Speed, Ivoclar Vivadent) resin cement. The roots were divided into two main groups of 10 samples each, according to the type of post used. Each group subdivided into 2 subgroups of 5 samples each, according to the type of cement used. The specimens were transversally sectioned into three slices of 2 mm thickness to perform the push-out test. The push-out tests were performed at crosshead-speed, 0.5 mm/min). Failure modes were evaluated using a scanning electron microscope at magnification (x 150).
RESULTS: The results revealed that push-out bond strengths were significantly affected by the type of luting agent and the type of post (P ≤ 0 .05). The mean push-out bond strength values for fibre post were significantly higher than those for zirconia post independent of the luting strategy used. The score values of total-etch adhesive resin cement were higher than those for self-adhesive resin cement irrespective of other variables. Regarding the effect of the root segment on push-out bond strength, results revealed that bond strength decreased from the coronal to the apical section. The cement-dentin interface found to be the weakest part of the root-cement-post unit.
CONCLUSION: Glass fibre posts revealed better results in all root third when they adhesively luted with total-etch or self-etch adhesive resin cement and provided significantly increased bond strength compared to the zirconia posts.
Effect of High Light Intensity Bleaching Protocol versus Descending Light Intensities Bleaching Protocol on Post Bleaching Teeth Sensitivity: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Kabil Shadwa H. , Haridy Mohamed F. , Farid Mohamed R.
Published: August 2019

AIM: The study aimed to compare teeth sensitivity and shade after bleaching protocol with descending different light intensities versus bleaching protocol with the same high light intensity.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sample size was twenty-four patients. Each group consisted of twelve patients. Group, I patients received bleaching protocol of descending different light intensities. Group II patients received bleaching protocol with the same high light intensity; both groups used the same home bleaching gel kit for seven days according to manufacturer instructions and protocol. Baseline records were digital photographs, teeth sensitivity and teeth shade for 12 anterior teeth. Teeth sensitivity was assessed using five points verbal rating scale and Standardized 100 mm Visual analogue scale after 1 day, after 2 days and after 1 week. Teeth shades for twelve anterior teeth were recorded by VITA Easy Shade V (VITA Zahnfabrik H. Rauter GmbH & Co. KG, Germany) after 1 week by VITA Easy Shade V. Mann-Whitney test (non-parametric test, 2 independent samples) was used to compare teeth sensitivity between both bleaching protocols at each period. A paired t-test (parametric test, 2 related samples) was performed to compare the colour change in shade guide units (SGU) and ∆E values within high light intensity bleaching protocol. While Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test (non-parametric test, 2 related samples) was used to compare colour change light intensities bleaching protocol. Comparison of bleaching effectiveness (∆SGU and ∆Ediff) between both bleaching protocols was performed by the Mann-Whitney test.
RESULTS: Descending light intensities protocol showed a lower teeth sensitivity than high light intensity protocol after 1 and 2 days. There was no teeth sensitivity reported at 1-week post-bleaching. Regarding the teeth shade, descending light intensities protocol had a little higher effect on colour change in shade guide units (SGU) than high light intensity protocol effect. Both bleaching protocols showed there was no significant difference in ∆SGU recorded after bleaching between high and descending light intensities protocols.
CONCLUSION: Descending different light intensities protocol showed a lower teeth sensitivity than high same light intensity protocol. Descending light intensities protocol had a little higher effect on colour change in shade guide units (SGU) than high light intensity protocol effect.
Advanced Stage Cancer Patients Experience in Seeking Treatment in Medan, Indonesia
Authors: Deliana Muthia , Suza Dewi Elizadiani , Tarigan Rosina
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND: Proper treatment of cancer can make it easier for the healing process. Delay in patients seeking treatment is a problem that often occurs today. Handling of complementary and alternative therapies, which is not appropriate is one of the causes of delay in seeking treatment, which worsens the patient's condition. Patients usually come to health services already diagnosed with advanced cancer.
AIM: The purpose of this study is to explore the experience of advanced cancer patients in seeking treatment.
METHODS: This study is qualitative research with descriptive phenomenology approach. Participants in this study were 15 advanced cancer patients who were treated in the chemotherapy room at Adam Malik General Hospital Medan and Murni Teguh Hospital using purposive sampling technique. Data collection was done with in-depth interviews. All interviews were first recorded and then transcribed. This study was analysed using the Colaizzi approach method.
RESULTS: The six main themes indicated that advanced-stage cancer patients for seeking treatment. Themes such as 1) choose the complementary and alternative treatment rather than medical treatment, 2) seek medical treatment as a final decision, 3) integrating complementary treatment as supportive therapy in addition to medical treatment, 4) external sources influence patient decisions, 5) reduce negative feelings by surrendering to God, and 6) lack of involvement of basic health services.
CONCLUSION: Advanced cancer patients have experience using complementary and alternative therapies, which are not appropriate before using a medical treatment on the grounds of distrust of medical treatment and advice from the environment around patients. The importance of nurses in providing appropriate education related to complementary and alternative treatment to cancer patients according to the stage of the disease.
The Effect of the Phytocomplex Electrophoresis on the Clinical Symptomatology and Quality of Life of Patients with the Knee Joint Osteoarthritis
Authors: Babaskin Dmitrii Vladimirovich , Litvinova Tatiana Mikhailovna , Babaskina Liudmila Ivanovna
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND: Improving the effectiveness of rehabilitation of patients with osteoarthritis necessitates the use of drug electrophoresis with sinusoidal modulated currents (SMC-electrophoresis) in conjunction with drug therapy. The phytocomplex is proposed for electrophoresis composed of the compared, alfalfa and hops dry extract, containing flavonoids, coumestans, polysaccharides, steroids, essential amino acids, vitamins, mineral components and causing its possible use in osteoarthritis.
AIM: The research aims to study the effect of the phytocomplex SMC-electrophoresis on the clinical symptoms and quality of life of patients with the knee joint osteoarthritis.
METHODS: One hundred and eight patients were randomly distributed into 3 groups (n = 36). The phytocomplex SMC-electrophoresis was assigned to the first group, the amplipulse therapy (SMC) – to the second group, and the "basic" drug therapy – to the third group. The drug therapy of the patients of the third group was comparable with the drug treatment of those in the first two groups. The concentration of phytocomplex in the working solution was 10%. The electrotherapy was carried out in the aligned SMC mode in the first and fourth kind of works. Comparative indicators were as follows: WOMAC index, pain level on a visual analogue scale (VAS), Lequesne index, joint range of motion (JROM), articular and tendon indices, quality of life as per Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ).
RESULTS: The use of the phytocomplex SMC-electrophoresis had a more pronounced positive effect on pain, knee joint function and quality of life of the patients compared with the treatment with drugs alone or using amplitude therapy. This was especially pronounced immediately after the rehabilitation. The analgesic effect was consistently maintained in the patients of the first group for up to 6 – 12 months, the second group – up to 3 – 6 months in terms of the level of pain according to the WOMAC and Lequesne indices, VAS, articular and tendon indices. Stable results have been obtained for improving the functions of the knee joint for up to 6 – 12 months using the phytocomplex SMC-electrophoresis as per the WOMAC and Lequesne indices. In the treatment by the phytocomplex SMC-electrophoresis, no side effects were registered.
CONCLUSION: The obtained results give grounds for further research on the evaluation of the effectiveness of using the phytocomplex SMC-electrophoresis in microcirculatory disorders in the affected joint, for correcting connective tissue metabolism and electrolyte metabolism in the patients with the knee joint osteoarthritis.
Control of the Transdermal Delivery Process of Active Substances of the Phytocomplex during Phonophoresis in Model Experiments
Authors: Babaskina Liudmila Ivanovna , Litvinova Tatiana Mikhailovna , Babaskin Dmitrii Vladimirovich , Krylova Olga Valerevna
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND: The scientific substantiation for the selection of therapeutically significant dosage of phytocomplex in the dosage form for phonophoresis, control over the delivery of active substances into the body, and what affects this process require the study of the kinetics of phytocomplex flavonoids delivery during phonophoresis.
AIM: The aim was to study the possibilities of controlling the process of transdermal delivery of phytocomplex active substances (flavonoids) during phonophoresis in vitro model experiments.
METHODS: Working compositions with different concentrations of phytocomplex for phonophoresis were used. The content of flavonoids in the compositions was determined using the spectrophotometric method and was calculated equivalent to quercetin, the flavonoid prevailing in the phytocomplex. The study of the kinetics of flavonoids delivery from working compositions was carried out using Franz diffusion cells and Carbosyl-P membranes. The authors determined the main parameters of the process and established the dependence of the delivery rate of flavonoids on their initial concentration in the working composition. The authors studied the effect of dimethyl sulfoxide and the base-forming substances of the working composition on the kinetics of phytocomplex flavonoid delivery during phonophoresis.
RESULTS: The authors recorded an increase in the rate of delivery of the active substances from working compositions containing dimethyl sulfoxide into the model medium by almost 1.5-2 times during the first ten minutes of the experiment (approximate duration of the phonophoresis procedure). The authors proposed technological techniques for improvement of the phonophoresis method for the phytocomplex. The possibilities of control over the process of transdermal delivery of the phytocomplex active ingredients during phonophoresis in vitro model experiments were shown.
CONCLUSION: The obtained results provide information for further pharmacological studies of the nature and mechanism of the effect of phytocomplex flavonoids during phonophoresis in the rehabilitation of patients with osteoarthrosis.
Integrated BIM Education in Construction Project Management Program
Authors: Kim Ki Pyung , Mostafa Sherif , Park Kenneth Sungho
Published: August 2019

The construction industry is currently struggling due to the ever-increasing complexity of a building and the highly fragmented nature of the construction industry. In response to the current problems, building information modelling (BIM) has been adopted to improve productivity and deliver a quality building to a client. The academia also has been striving to embed BIM education into the exiting curriculum to accommodate the needs of the construction industry. However, BIM is currently taught as a simple design tool rather than a methodology to improve productivity in construction projects. Although there have been various attempts to integrate BIM courses into the existing curriculum, a lack of research has been conducted regarding how BIM adoption and implementation strategy should be utilized for a BIM integrated curriculum. Thus, this chapter will provide insights for updating and developing BIM courses.
Cyber Threats Detection and Mitigation Using Machine Learning
Authors: Ambalavanan Vaishnavi , Shanthi Bala P.
Published: August 2019

Cyberspace plays a dominant role in the world of electronic communication. It is a virtual space where the interconnecting network has an independent technology infrastructure. The internet is the baseline for the cyberspace which can be openly accessible. Cyber-security is a set of techniques used to protect network integrity and data from vulnerability. The protection mechanism involves the identification of threats and taking precaution by predicting the vulnerabilities in the environment. The main cause of security violation will be threats, that are caused by the intruder who attacks the network or any electronic devices with the intention to cause damage in the communication network. These threats must be taken into consideration for the mitigation process to improve the system efficiency and performance. Machine learning helps to increase the accuracy level in the detection of threats and their mitigation process in an efficient way. This chapter describes the way in which threats can be detected and mitigated in cyberspace with certain strategies using machine learning.
Security Vulnerabilities, Threats, and Attacks in IoT and Big Data
Authors: Selvaraj Prabha , Doraikannan Sumathi , Burugari Vijay Kumar
Published: August 2019

Big data and IoT has its impact on various areas like science, health, engineering, medicine, finance, business, and mainly, the society. Due to the growth in security intelligence, there is a requirement for new techniques which need big data and big data analytics. IoT security does not alone deal with the security of the device, but it also has to care about the web interfaces, cloud services, and other devices that interact with it. There are many techniques used for addressing challenges like privacy of individuals, inference, and aggregation, which makes it possible to re-identify individuals' even though they are removed from a dataset. It is understood that a few security vulnerabilities could lead to insecure web interface. This chapter discusses the challenges in security and how big data can be used for it. It also analyzes the various attacks and threat modeling in detail. Two case studies in two different areas are also discussed.
Botnet and Internet of Things (IoTs)
Authors: Alieyan Kamal , Almomani Ammar , Abdullah Rosni , Almutairi Badr , Alauthman Mohammad
Published: August 2019

In today's internet world the internet of things (IoT) is becoming the most significant and developing technology. The primary goal behind the IoT is enabling more secure existence along with the improvement of risks at various life levels. With the arrival of IoT botnets, the perspective towards IoT products has transformed from enhanced living enabler into the internet of vulnerabilities for cybercriminals. Of all the several types of malware, botnet is considered as really a serious risk that often happens in cybercrimes and cyber-attacks. Botnet performs some predefined jobs and that too in some automated fashion. These attacks mostly occur in situations like phishing against any critical targets. Files sharing channel information are moved to DDoS attacks. IoT botnets have subjected two distinct problems, firstly, on the public internet. Most of the IoT devices are easily accessible. Secondly, in the architecture of most of the IoT units, security is usually a reconsideration. This particular chapter discusses IoT, botnet in IoT, and various botnet detection techniques available in IoT.
Co-Operation Between the Public Administration and Non-Profit Organisations as a Condition of the Development of Public Entrepreneurship
Authors: Wodecka-Hyjek Angelika
Published: August 2019

The chapter presents the models of co-operation between the public administration and non-profit organisations with regard to performing public services, supporting civil initiatives, building social dialogue and shaping civil society in the context of the development of public entrepreneurship. The issues presented at the beginning related to the separation of entrepreneurship in the public sector; emphasis was put on the need for co-operation between the public sector and non-profit organisations as a condition of the development of public entrepreneurship. Then the models of co-operation of the public sector and non-profit organisations in the UK, Canada, Estonia and Poland were characterised. In consequence of the conducted discourse, postulates and recommendations were presented with regard to building efficient and effective co-operation between the public administration and the sector of non-profit organisations and its role in the development of public entrepreneurship.
Post-Bureaucratic Organizations as Complex Systems
Authors: Maimone Fabrizio
Published: August 2019

The term “post-bureaucratic” defines such organizations characterized by the absence or the reduced role of traditional bureaucracy. This contribution is aimed to provide a theoretical framework to explain the real nature and the hidden dynamics of post-bureaucratic systems, adopting a complex (Stacey, 1996; Mitleton-Kelly, 2003), critical (Wilmott, 1992; Alvesson, Bridgman, & Willmott, 2009) and multi-paradigmatic perspective (Gioia & Pitre, 1990; Lowe, Magala, & Hwang, 2012; Patel, 2016), that considers also the influence of socio-psychological and socio-cultural factors. The findings of the research suggest it is opportune to go beyond the epistemological stance of the Weberian concept of ideal type, assuming that contemporary organizations may show hybrid (see Stark, 1992; Grandori, 1995) and multi-status configurations. The theoretical, methodological and practical implications of the adoption of this perspective are discussed in the final part of the chapter and are provided suggestions for present and future research.
A Taxonomy for mHealth
Authors: Edirisinghe Ruwini , Stranieri Andrew , Wickramasinghe Nilmini
Published: August 2019

Recently, we are witnessing an exponential growth in remote monitoring and mobile applications for healthcare. These solutions are all designed to ultimately enable the consumer to enjoy better healthcare delivery and /or wellness. In order to understand this growing area, we believe it is necessary to develop a framework to analyse and evaluate these solutions. The purpose of this chapter then is to offer a suitable taxonomy to systematically analyse and evaluate the existing solutions based on number of dimensions including technological, clinical, social, and economic.
Medco
Authors: Saikar Anurag Anil , Badve Aditya , Parulekar Mihir Pradeep , Patil Ishan , Belsare Sahil Shirish , Deshmukh Aaradhana Arvind
Published: August 2019

In emergency cases the delay in receiving the necessary pre-hospital care results in a large number of deaths every year. Providing appropriate preliminary care, along with proper time management and pre-hospital management can contribute to a better survival rate. Here the authors propose a portable system which transmits the vital parameters to the health care center along with the images of the patient, also availing the patient's Personal Health Record to the doctor, thus bridging the gap between the hospital and the ambulance and “virtually” bringing the doctor to the ambulance, thereby allowing him to diagnose the patient remotely and as accurately as possible. The paper puts a glance on rapidly developing field of Tele-medicine while proposing a system to overcome infrastructure inadequacies, which hamper the efficient use of Tele medicine systems (more specifically emergency tele-medicine) and provide better health care facilities in various medical situations, specifically those pertaining cases of burns, fatal wounds, head injuries, pregnancy and other such emergencies.
Workplace Discrimination
Authors: Sharma Shikha , Mann Nimarta
Published: August 2019

Diverse workforce is now a global phenomenon. The quality of interaction between people of diversified cultures in the organization has significant association with the marketing, managing, as well as human resource functions. The majority organizations are indulging in diversity management programmes so that they can benefit from the varied skills. But discriminatory behaviour against people of different backgrounds than majorities in the workplace act as a hindrance in taking full advantage of workplace diversity. This chapter reveals different forms in which discrimination can arise in a discrimination-free environment. The organizational as well as individual factors that cause discrimination at the workplace are discussed. The aftereffects that are related to discriminatory behavior at work, which render both employees as well as organization at disadvantage, are also highlighted. The chapter will help by highlighting the issue faced by thousands of employees every year and suggesting steps that need to be undertaken to remove discrimination from the workplace settings.
Seamless Optimized LTE Based Mobile Polar Decoder Configuration for Efficient System Integration, Higher Capacity, and Extended Signal Coverage
Authors: Jadhav Makarand Mohan , Dongre Ganesh G , Sapkal Ashok M
Published: August 2019

Mobile communications have seminal importance in telecommunication systems. Thrust challenges in optimization area like capacity to scale up in channels, coverage area and integration of newer techniques with minimum design efforts are targeted in this work. This article proposes a novel technique of configuring the present decoder with Euclidian distance polar-code decoding method at low hardware efforts. The Taguchi optimization technique based on orthogonal array method for polar-code is employed to carry out an experimental design to achieve parameter optimization. This method helps to cram interaction between process parameters. Taguchi optimization analysis of polarization effect of polar code and 8 PSK higher modulations resulted into an increase in channel utilization and bandwidth. The experimentation results proved a low SNR of 9.8 dB and efficient channel utilization of 2.9956 bits/Hz for desired BER of 10- 4, reducing network congestion by 1.5 times. At the same time, yield in bandwidth has sunk from 25 KHz to 16.66 KHz by paying minimum penalty of 1.496 dB in required SNR.
A Hybrid Tabu Genetic Metaheuristic for Selection of Security Controls
Authors: Ramkumar Sarala , Godandapani Zayaraz , Vivekanandan Vijayalakshmi
Published: August 2019

In the modern world, globalization has made way for easy access to information systems for running businesses effectively. The misuse of information systems may lead to loss of productivity, revenue, and sometimes to legal liabilities. Therefore, information security is a major concern for running the business successfully. It is the responsibility of the information security personnel of an organization to develop strategies, and identify the suitable controls to mitigate the risks to which the organization is exposed to. Selection of a suitable set of security controls depends upon, the risks to be addressed, the impact of the risks in terms of revenue, and the cost incurred in implementing the selected controls. To assist in the selection of optimal security controls a hybrid intelligent approach combining the tabu search technique and genetic algorithm has been proposed. The obtained results prove that the proposed approach provides better results in the selection of optimal counter measures.
Software Defined Networking – Imposed Security Measures Over Vulnerable Threats and Attacks
Authors: Kaliyamurthy Nitheesh Murugan , Taterh Swapnesh , Shanmugasundaram Suresh
Published: August 2019

Software defined networking (SDN), a new attempt in addressing the existing challenges in the legacy network architecture, is lime-lighted due to its simplified approach in managing the networks and its capability of programmability. In progressing with software defined networks implementation, security remains a high priority focus. The advantage of SDN itself opens a wide ground in posing new security threats and challenges. Focusing on the security of the SDN is a prime factor as it reflects on the growth of SDN technology implementation. This article focuses on the various existing security solutions available for SDN and the real challenge in securing the SDN providing the researchers a paved platform to work on further securing the networks. This article is designed with an introduction on SDN, its architecture, the available security solutions for the network, the leveraging threats and type of attack possibilities in SDN. This article concludes with the requirements of security factors and schemes in SDN.
Blockchain in Food and Agriculture Supply Chain
Authors: Maghfirah Aidah
Published: August 2019

Agriculture is one of the most important and largest sectors in Indonesia and creates jobs for at least 38.7 million workers. Although the number of workers in agriculture is relatively high and the sector contributes 14% to Indonesian GDP, many challenges still remain hampering growth. One of the key issues is the limited data availability in the agriculture sector causing imperfect and incomplete information on agriculture products. Data can provide the information about the quality of the product to the consumer to create transparency between producer and consumer. In order to facilitate data access, a big data base is needed in which all stakeholders can access the near-time data. A technology that can help to support this database is called blockchain. Blockchain is an immutable, transparent, public and append-only ledger. It is a peer-to-peer network that can maintain updates and verifies those updates to the ledger in a way that it is impossible to alter the data. This paper discusses HARA, a use-case of blockchain implementation in the food and agriculture sector.
Ionic Transport in Sol-Gel Derived Organic-Inorganic Composites
Authors: Dzyazko Yuliya , Volfkovich Yurii
Published: August 2019

This chapter is devoted to organic-inorganic composite ion exchange resins and membranes. We ascertain interrelation between composition, morphology and porous structure of the materials on the one hand and ion transport through them on the other hand. The composites for different practical application (fuel cells, ion exchange columns, electrodialysis) are in a focus of attention. Porosity of a polymer constituent of the composite was determined with a method of standard contact porosimetry, which gives information about pores in a very wide diapason (from 2 nm to 200 μm). In this context, pore formation in ion exchange polymers during swelling is considered. A number of parameters, which are obtained from porosimetric measurements, can be used for interpretation of ion transport regularities, particularly evolution of electrical conductivity. Embedded non-aggregated nanoparticles, their aggregates and agglomerates affect differently porosity of the polymer constituent: they are able to block, stretch and squeeze pores, As a result, the composites demonstrates different rate of ion transport depending on amount and size of the inorganic particles. The approach to purposeful formation of one or other types of particles has been proposed.
Computed tomography features of venous sinus thrombosis and infarction in children
Authors: Andronikou S. , Welman C. , Kader E. , Joubert R.
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
Osteochondritis dissecans in adolescence
Authors: De Villiers R.
Published: August 2019

Osteochondritis dissecans (OD) involves the adolescent radio-capitellar joint and is due to chronic, compressive forces on the capitellum, ultimately causing injuries ranging from an articular cartilage injury to an osteochondral avulsion fracture. Plain films are often negative, while CT, MRI and MR arthrography are the examinations of choice. OD should not be confused with a pseudodefect of the capitellum or Panner's disease. Staging of the lesion is important for its management, which is conservative for stages 1 and 2, while surgery is indicated for stages 3 and 4. Osteoarthritis is a late complication in 50% of patients with advanced disease.
Normal variant striate calcification perpendicular to the lateral ventricles
Authors: Drosten Ralph
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
The Effect of the Partial Pressure of H2S and CO2 on the Permeation of Hydrogen in Carbon Steel by Using Pressure Buildup Techniques
Authors: Alanazi Nayef M. , Al-Enezi Abdullah A.
Published: August 2019

There are concerns in the industry about using an electrochemical technique for actual hydrogen permeation measurements where charging current is not a field condition. The objective of this work is to use pressure buildup techniques to study the influence of H2S and CO2 partial pressure on the relationship between hydrogen permeation and corrosion rate measured by different techniques. Sulfide films formed on carbon steel in a solution containing 5 wt% NaCl and 0.5 wt% acidic acid at various H2S and CO2 partial pressures were characterized, and the effect of the film on hydrogen permeation was also investigated. Field conditions were included in this study for comparison purposes. The relationship was modeled at the steady state of both hydrogen flux and corrosion rate. The results confirmed by use of two hydrogen flux measurement techniques (eudiometer and high-pressure buildup probe) and two corrosion measurement methods (weight loss coupons and coupled multiarray electrode system), that there is no direct correlation between hydrogen flux and corrosion rate. Therefore, the hydrogen permeation rate in H2S and CO2 environments was found to be more controlled by partial pressure of H2S than corrosion rate. The amount of descent in hydrogen flux, after reaching maximum of hydrogen permeation rate and before reaching a steady state, depends on the morphology and structure of corrosion films which are mainly controlled by concentration of H2S.
Noninvasive, In Situ Acoustic Diagnosis and Monitoring of Corrosion in Molten-Salt Systems
Authors: Findikoglu Alp T. , Droessler Janelle E. , Chlistunoff Jerzy , Goff George S.
Published: August 2019

Diagnosis and monitoring of corrosion at high temperatures are common challenges in many industries, such as conventional power plants and next generation molten-salt reactor (MSR) nuclear power plants. A simple, noninvasive, in situ acoustic technique was developed to monitor wall loss due to corrosion in a model molten-salt vessel, operating at 500°C to 600°C. This work demonstrated the feasibility of high-temperature corrosion monitoring experimentally, and validated the concept with physical and microstructural analysis, modeling, and numerical simulations. The results of this work could form the basis for the development of a general-purpose, extended-range acoustic monitoring and inspection technique for corrosion at high temperatures (with expected upper range of approximately 900°C), which does not currently exist. Such a technique could be critical for the safe operation of MSRs in the future, as well as for rapid, nondestructive testing of new reactor component materials.
New Strategic Thinking in Mitigating the Challenges in Implementing Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and Increasing Efficiency in Corporate Performance Management in MENA Region
Authors: Soubjaki Moetaz , Choughri Radwan
Published: August 2019

The implementation of key performance indicators (KPIs) is a challenging task for many businesses. Yet, effective implementation of KPIs is among the major determinants of performance and success of an organization. This study explored the new strategic thinking in mitigating the challenges in implementing key performance indicators (KPIs) and increasing efficiency in corporate performance management in the Middle East & North Africa (MENA) region. The study sought to test three hypotheses: (i) there is a significant relationship between having enough training and awareness sessions before implementation and effective implementation of KPIs; (ii) there is a significant relationship between having KPI professionals and specialists and effective implementation of KPIs; and (iii) there is a significant relationship between having clear KPI goals and objectives, on one hand, and the effective implementation of KPIs on the other. Hypotheses 2 and 3 were proved to be true while results for hypothesis 1 were inconclusive. A total of 1007 participants from across the MENA region were involved in the study. The findings demonstrate the importance of having clear KPI goals and objectives and KPI professionals or specialists to oversee the KPI selection and implementation process. Further research should be conducted to establish whether there is a significant relationship between having enough training and awareness sessions before implementation and effective implementation of KPIs.
Parlamentarische Kontrolle durch Vernetzung? Eine kritische Analyse der Rolle der Interparlamentarischen Konferenz für die GASP/GSVP
Authors: Schade Daniel
Published: August 2019

The Interparliamentary Conference for the Common Foreign and Security Policy and the Common Security and Defence Policy (IPC) is a new parliamentary body set up after the Treaty of Lisbon which allows to create interlinkages between parliaments in the European Union (EU). It is part of an ongoing process which aims to challenge the executive dominance in EU policy-making in general and in the EU’s foreign and security policy in particular. Considering its sessions and the experiences of members of parliaments partaking in the Interparliamentary Conference to date, this article analyses its value-added to this overarching goal. The experiences so far suggest that the IPC faces significant practical challenges in contributing to the parliamentary scrutiny of the policy areas concerned despite the fact that the format of interparliamentary gatherings is a significant innovation in its own right. These challenges arise primarily out of a conflict between the European Parliament and national parliaments in the EU, the diversity of national parliamentarism, as well as the differing moti⁠v­a⁠tions and skills of the participating members of parliaments.