bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deciphering the Involvement of Chronic Inflammation in Osteoarthritis: Evaluation of Complement 3 and Cathepsin D in Osteoarthritic Patients—A Retrospective Case Study
Authors: Dhilip Ashita , Parameswari R. P.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim:

Osteoarthritis (OA) stands as the prevailing degenerative joint condition, and although it is widely observed, its precise causes are not fully understood. The main focus of the study was to assess the role of Complement C3 and Cathepsin D in the development of knee osteoarthritis (OA), which is the most prevalent degenerative joint disease.

Materials and Methods:

The study was carried out in 20 patients with knee OA and 20 healthy control group. OA knee (Grade II/III, Radiological Kellgren and Lawrence (K/L) classification), aged between 40 and 65 years were able to walk with a painful knee. The study also included healthy age-matched controls. The concentration of Complement C3 and Cathepsin D in serum was determined.

Results:

The results of the present study demonstrated significantly (P < 0.001) higher concentrations of C3 and Cathepsin D in OA patients in comparison to that of the healthy aged matched control group.

Conclusions:

The analysis showed that inflammatory markers, Complement C3 as well as Cathepsin D may be used as diagnostic markers of knee OA. The observations suggest that the activation of the complement system mainly affects processes within the joints, while C3 appears to play a central role in generating a systemic inflammatory response.
Evaluation of the Anticancer, Antidiabetic, and In vitro Wound Healing Properties of the Aqueous and Ethanolic Extract of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L
Authors: Harini V.S.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Cancer, diabetes, and wounds are critical health challenges affecting millions of people worldwide. Cancer arises from the transformation of normal cells into tumor cells, leading to uncontrolled growth and potential spread to other parts of the body. Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood sugar levels, and wounds can result from various injuries and diseases. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis for its anticancer, antidiabetic, and in vitro wound healing activities. The anticancer activity of the ethanolic extract of H. rosa-sinensis was evaluated using the MTT (3- [4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay, which showed a concentration-dependent decrease in cell proliferation and growth. The extract exhibited promising anticancer potential, which could help control cancer progression. For the antidiabetic activity, we assessed α-amylase inhibition using a colorimetric method. The extract demonstrated substantial α-amylase inhibitory activity, comparable with the standard metformin. This indicates its potential in reducing postprandial blood sugar spikes in diabetic patients. In the in vitro wound healing activity, a scratch assay was performed to measure cell migration and growth. The results showed that H. rosa-sinensis extract promoted wound closure similar to the control. The extract’s wound healing properties suggest its potential use in managing various types of wounds. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of key bioactive compounds in both ethanolic and aqueous extracts of H. rosa-sinensis, supporting the observed therapeutic effects. In conclusion, H. rosa-sinensis holds promise as a potential source of novel therapeutic agent for cancer, diabetes, and wound management. The results from this study provide valuable insights into the plant’s pharmacological activities and may pave the way for the development of new herbal-based treatments for these conditions.
Phytochemical Analysis of Silver Nanoparticles of Zingiber officinale and Evaluation for Its Antibacterial Property
Authors: Krishna Goutham , Sivalingam Azhagu Madhavan , Brahma Neha , Alex Arockia
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Nonessential heavy metals are toxic to human health. In this study, mercury, a hazardous metal, was detected by colorimetric analysis using Zingiber (Z.) officinale. The eco-friendliness of this method was also emphasized. The ultraviolet (UV) spectrum is a broad peak observed at 200–250 nm in Z. officinale leaf extracts. The UV spectrum of green synthesized Z. officinale exhibited an absorption band of 286 nm, which confirms the nanoparticle (NP) synthesis. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of the vibrational peak around 3307 cm−1 is assigned to ν(O–H) stretching that could possibly emanate from carbohydrates or phenolics. The peaks found around 2917 and 2849 cm−1 are ascribed to the –C-H stretch of the alkyl group, and the peak around 1625 cm−1 is due to the enolic β-diketones or -C = O stretch of carboxylic acids, while the corresponding -C-O stretch is observed around 1375 and 1029 cm−1. The assignment of peaks is similar. It is clear from the scanning electron microscope (SEM) image that the constituent parts were nonuniform, sphere-shaped, agglomerated, and of an average size of 30.9 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was used to determine the structural characteristics and crystalline nature of Z. officinale. The observed intensity peaks at 32.35°, 36.69°, 39.24°, 44.76°, 59.42°, and 67.35° are, respectively, of the Z. officinale diffraction 2θ values, which correspond to the standard database values. The synthesized copper NPs synthesized tested antibacterial properties against various strains of microorganisms, including Escherichia coli: 25 μg/mL 2.01 ± 0.11 and 100 μg/mL 5.37 ± 0.12, Staphylococcus (S.) aureus: 25 μg/mL 1.05 ± 0.71 and 100 μg/mL 11.43 ± 1.27, Streptococcus mutans: 25 μg/mL 02.01 ± 0.1 and 100 μg/mL 15.67 ± 0.17, and Enterococcus faecalis: 25 μg/mL 03.11 ± 0.7 and 100 μg/mL 18.32 ± 0.2. The short novelty of Z. officinale lies in its potential relevance to human health, as it has been found to possess bioactive compounds with various medicinal properties, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, making it a promising natural resource for therapeutic applications.
In silico Analysis of Selected Four-Leaf Water Clover (Marsilea species) Constituents as Human Acetyl Cholinesterase (hAchE), Carbonic Anhydrase II (hCA-II), and Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) Inhibitory Agents
Authors: Rithanyaa Ramesh , Radhakrishnan Narayanaswamy
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

A four-leaf water clover (Marsilea species) has been reported to exhibit various biological activities. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate 23 selected constituents of a four-leaf water clover (Marsilea species) as potent inhibitory agents of human acetyl cholinesterase (hAchE), carbonic anhydrase II (hCA-II), and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (hPTP-1B) using an in silico method. The 23 selected constituents of the four-leaf water clover (Marsilea species) were studied on the docking behavior of hAchE, hCA-II, and hPTP-1B by using the Webina docking method. In addition to docking, toxicity analysis was also performed using the pkCSM web server. Toxicity analysis has shown that 10 ligands (44%) of the four-leaf water clover (Marsilea species) were predicted to have hERG II (human ether-a-go-go-related gene) inhibition activity. The docking analysis showed that marsilin has exhibited the maximum binding energy (-11.3 kcal/mol) with the hAchE, whereas it fails to dock with both the target enzymes (hCA-II and hPTP-1B). Thus, the present find provides a new understanding about the 23 selected ligands of the four-leaf water clover (Marsilea species) as potent inhibitory agents of human acetyl cholinesterase (hAchE), carbonic anhydrase II (hCA-II), and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (hPTP-1B).
One Step Rapid Sensitive Method for the Diagnosis of Hemolysin Gene of Aeromonas hydrophila by Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Hota Sankirtha , Sugumar Vimal , Alex Arockia , Brahma Neha , Navya Kotra
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Aeromonas hydrophila is a Gram-negative bacterium that has been linked to serious illnesses in both humans and animals. The presence of hemolysin, a virulence factor, is critical in the development of A. hydrophila-related illnesses. As a result, precise and timely detection of the hemolysin gene is critical for efficient diagnosis and prevention of many illnesses. The PCR is used in this study to detect the hemolysin gene of A. hydrophila in a novel, fast, and highly sensitive one-step technique. Specific primers were constructed to amplify a conserved area within the hemolysin gene to achieve both specificity as well as sensitivity. The PCR assay was rigorously optimized, taking temperature, primer concentration, and reaction time into account, in order to maximize the efficiency and reliability of this method. In conclusion, this method’s simplicity, sensitivity, and specificity make it highly promising for regular diagnostic applications. Its application would allow for the early detection of A. hydrophila infections, allowing for more effective treatment and control methods.
In Silico Molecular Modeling to Identify the Role of Enzymes Involved in Mitochondriogenesis Upon Malvidin-3-Glucoside Effect
Authors: Kumar Aparna Ashok , Renu Kaviyarasi
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

Mitochondriogenesis refers to the process of creating and maintaining mitochondria, which plays an essential role in cellular metabolism. Mitochondrial processes such as energy generation, the response to oxidative stress, and cell death are all tightly regulated by enzymes. The flavonoid molecule malvidin-3-glucoside (M3G), which may be found in a wide variety of fruits and vegetables, has been shown to improve mitochondrial activity. However, the precise enzymes that mediate M3G’s effect on mitochondriogenesis are yet unknown.

Method:

Here, we used in silico molecular modeling tools to look at how enzymes contribute to mitochondriogenesis after M3G administration. We used computational methods to discover candidate target enzymes known to interact with M3G and play important roles in mitochondrial physiology. Molecular docking was conducted to measure the binding affinity and stability of the M3G-enzyme complexes. The found enzymes’ structural and functional features were analyzed using bioinformatics techniques, and the predicted functional implications of their interaction with M3G were formulated.

Result:

Our goal in doing these studies was to understand better how M3G regulates mitochondriogenesis by the action of altering SIRT-1, AMPK, and PGC-1α via M3G.

Conclusion:

In sum, our findings provide light on the molecular pathways by which M3G influences mitochondriogenesis. Furthermore, experimental validation of the discovered enzymes and their interactions with M3G may aid in the development of therapeutic approaches to improve mitochondrial function and cellular health.
Study on Antidiabetic Potential of Sessuvium Portulacastrum Aqueous Extract: An In-Silico and In-Vitro Analysis
Authors: Mukundh S Tarun , Natarajan Sathan R. , Veeraraghavan Vishnu Priya , Jayaraman Selvaraj
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Diabetes mellitus is a persistent metabolic condition marked by elevated blood glucose levels due to compromised insulin secretion or functionality. The search for natural antidiabetic agents has gained attention due to their potential effectiveness and safety profiles. Sessuvium portulacastrum, a coastal plant, has been traditionally used for various medicinal purposes. This study investigates the antidiabetic potential of Sessuvium portulacastrum aqueous extract by analyzing its inhibitory effects on key enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and exploring its molecular interactions with critical target proteins. The aqueous extract of Sessuvium portulacastrum was prepared and used for in vitro analysis. The reduced activity of the extract against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, crucial in glucose absorption and postprandial hyperglycemia, was assessed. Molecular docking techniques were employed to explore the potential interactions between active compounds in the extract and diabetes-related proteins, including BAX, GSK3β, and CADH. The study revealed significant inhibition of both alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes by Sessuvium portulacastrum aqueous extract, indicating its potential to reduce glucose absorption and postprandial hyperglycemia. Moreover, the molecular docking analysis demonstrated strong binding interactions between active compounds in the extract and key proteins involved in diabetes-related pathways, namely apoptotic pathways, glycogen synthesis, and cell adhesion. The findings of this study highlight the promising antidiabetic potential of Sessuvium portulacastrum aqueous extract. Upcoming research should get an attention on isolating and characterizing the active compounds responsible for these effects on antidiabetic therapies from natural sources.
In vitro Biological Properties and in Silico Studies on Tinospora Cordifolia Stem Aqueous Extract
Authors: Nithin Krishna K. , Krishnamoorthy Kalaiselvi , Veeraraghavan Vishnu Priya , Jayaraman Selvaraj
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Tinospora cordifolia, commonly known as “Giloy” or “Guduchi,” is a medicinal plant with a rich history in traditional medicine systems. The aqueous extract of Tinospora cordifolia stems has garnered attention due to its reported pharmacological activities. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro biological properties of the aqueous extract and complement the findings with in silico studies to gain insights into potential molecular interactions. The Tinospora cordifolia stem aqueous extract was subjected to a battery of in vitro assays to assess its biological properties. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using invitro assay. To complement the in vitro findings, in silico studies involving molecular docking analyses were conducted to predict potential interactions between the extract’s constituents and relevant biomolecular targets. The in vitro evaluation revealed significant anti-inflammatory activity of the Tinospora cordifolia stem aqueous extract, as evidenced by its ability to suppress the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In silico studies provided insights into the molecular interactions between the extract’s bioactive constituents and key inflammatory and antioxidant targets, further supporting the observed biological properties. The combined in vitro biological assays and in silico studies offer a comprehensive assessment of the Tinospora cordifolia stem aqueous extract’s potential therapeutic properties. The demonstrated anti-inflammatory activities align with the traditional use of Tinospora cordifolia and suggest its potential in managing inflammatory and oxidative stress-related disorders. The in silico insights provide a molecular understanding of the extract’s mode of action, strengthening the rationale for further investigation and development of natural products derived from Tinospora cordifolia for pharmaceutical and medicinal applications.
Comparing the Diagnostic Accuracy of Direct Digital and Conventional Intraoral Peri-apical Radiographs in Identifying Interdental Bone Loss: An Observational Study
Authors: Chakraborty Sankha S. , Bhuvaneshwari S. , Manohar Balaji , Bhuyan Lipsa , Anupriya CH. , Kaur Awneet
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

The evaluation of conventional two-dimensional radiography is crucial in making the diagnosis of periodontitis. Radio-visiography (RVG) is one of the digital imaging modalities that have received significant recognition as a replacement for film-based radiography due to its improved image quality, quick turnaround time, and minimal radiation dose. In order to compare the diagnostic efficacy of Direct Digital and Conventional Intraoral Peri-apical Radiographs in identifying Interdental Bone Loss, the present investigation was carried out. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 96 patients prospectively. Radiographs were exposed using a Gendex Oralix AC machine. Statistical data was analyzed using IBM SPSS statistical software using appropriate statistical tests. For both age categories, the radiographic method yielded a higher mean score than the periodontal probe method. The mean scores were noted to be higher following surgery. The radiographic approach recorded a greater mean score when gender groups were compared than the periodontal probe, which had a lower mean score. The mean scores after surgery were noted to be lower than the radiography approach and higher than the periodontal probe. The results demonstrate the radiographic technique’s significant advantage over clinical tests in determining furcation regions as well as its superior accuracy in spotting periodontal disintegration over clinical probing.
Comparative Evaluation of Residual Antibacterial Substantivity of Chlorhexidine, MTAD and Chitosan Against Enterococcus Faecalis in Human Root Dentin – An In vitro Study
Authors: Sonisha S , Gaffoor Faisal MA , Gopakumar Rethi , Girish C Sabari , Mohan Remya , Anoop VN
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Complex anatomy of the root canal system results in incomplete debridement with mechanical instrumentation, leaving some areas or root canal walls untouched. There comes the significance of endodontic irrigants with residual antibacterial substantivity which prolongs the post-antibiotic effect, thereby improving the success and predictability of endodontic treatment.

Aim:

To comparatively evaluate the residual antibacterial substantivity of 2% chlorhexidine, Biopure MTAD and 2% chitosan against Enterococcus faecalis at intervals of 1, 14 and 28 days.

Materials and Methods:

Seventy-five therapeutically extracted permanent single rooted mandibular premolars teeth were selected. Dentin blocks of 4 mm thickness were prepared and enlarged to 1.6 mm. The autoclaved blocks were inoculated with 24-hour colonies of pure cultures of E. faecalis for 14 days. After the contamination period, canals of each dentin block were irrigated with 5 ml of sterile saline and dried with sterile paper points. A total of 75 dentin blocks were randomly divided into five groups as follows: Group A (21 specimens): 2% chlorhexidine, Group B (21 specimens): Biopure MTAD, Group C (21 specimens): 2% chitosan, Group D (6 specimens): positive control (infected dentin tubes) and Group E (six specimens): negative control (sterile dentin tubes). Then, the lumens of dentin blocks were irrigated with the respective irrigants for 10 mins and were dried using sterile paper points. The specimens were then incubated at 37°C for 28 days to maintain humidity. At experimental intervals of 1, 14 and 28 days, dentin shavings were removed from the canals of respective groups by circumferential filing with sterile no. 35 Hedstrom files. The powdered dentin samples obtained with each dentin block were observed for colony forming units (CFUs) using a Digital Colony counter and were expressed as CFUs/mL.

Result:

All the irrigants in the study showed a significant decrease in CFUs from day 1 to day 28 indicating that they have residual antibacterial substantivity against E. faecalis. Group B (Biopure MTAD) showed significantly least mean CFUs compared to Group A (2% CHX) and Group C (2% chitosan) against E. faecalis at B1(day 1), B2(day 14) and B3(day 28). Group A (2% CHX) showed significantly higher mean CFUs than Group C (2% chitosan) at A1(day 1). Group C (2% chitosan) showed significantly higher mean CFUs compared to Group A (2% CHX) at C2(day 14) and C3 (day 28).

Conclusion:

MTAD showed statistically higher residual antibacterial substantivity against E. faecalis at experimental periods of 1, 14 and 28 days. The residual antibacterial effect of 2% chitosan was better compared to 2% CHX at day 1. The residual antimicrobial substantivity of 2% CHX was higher compared to 2% chitosan at intervals of 14 and 28 days.
Comparative Evaluation of Efficiency of Different Endodontic File Systems; Protaper Universal, MTWO, Protaper Next, Trunatomy, I-Race in Terms of Remaining Dentin Thickness: An In vitro CBCT Analysis
Authors: Retnakaran Anju , Gaffoor Faisal M. A. , Gopakumar Rethi , Girish C Sabari , Sajeena N. C , Krishna N Gokul
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

The longevity of an endodontically treated tooth depends on fracture resistance by preserving more remaining dentin thickness. The aim of this study is to determine which file system preserves more remaining dentin thickness.

Materials and Methods:

Protaper universal, M-two, Protaper Next, Trunatomy, I-Race and mandibular first premolar. The removed dentin thickness during instrumentation of each file system was noted by taking the difference of RDT of pre-instrumentation and post-instrumentation with the aid of CBCT.

Results and Discussion:

TRN [Group-4] shows the least aggressive cutting with maximal preservation of remaining dentin thickness at 3 mm and 6 mm from the apex at both mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions. M-two [Group-2] shows maximum removed dentin thickness at 3 mm from the apex both mesiodistal dimension and buccolingual dimension. PTU [Group-1] shows maximum removed dentin thickness at 6 mm from the apex at mesiodistal dimension. M-two [Group-2] shows maximum removed dentin thickness at 6 mm from the apex at the buccolingual dimension.

Conclusion:

In this study, it is concluded that the Trunatomy file system preserves more remaining dentin thickness both mesiodistally and buccolingually both 3 mm and 6 mm from the apex.
Stereomicroscope-Based in Vitro Study Evaluating the Marginal and Internal Fit of PEEK and PEKK Crowns
Authors: Amalorpavam V. , Chandramohan Giri , Soundar Joephin , Shankar Kamala , Missier Mary Sheloni , Hines Allen Jim
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose:

The aim of the in vitro study was to compare the internal merge and marginal perfection of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) crowns under a stereomicroscope.

Methods:

All-ceramic preparation is done on the maxillary first premolar which is mounted on the wax block which was scanned using 3Shape scanner and duplicated into 30 acrylic CAD/CAM dies (n = 15) for the placement of PEEK and PEKK crowns. The YENADENT milling system was used to fabricate 15 samples from Group A PEEK crowns and to fabricate 15 samples from Group B PEKK crowns. According to the manufacturer’s instructions, an equal amount of the dual-cure resin luting agent (Rely X U200 Self-Adhesive resin, 3M, Germany) was dispensed on the mixing pad before being mixed with cement and painted on the internal surfaces of the copings with the finger pressure crowns which were luted. The values were then analyzed using one-way ANOVA (post hoc) followed by Dunnett’s t-test.

Results:

Among those two groups, PEEK group materials showed the lowest mean value of (28.73.3 ± 4.01) for marginal fit and (26.72 ± 2.53) for internal gap, whereas PEKK group showed a mean value of (32.85 ± 4.63) and (33.06 ± 4.14), respectively.

Conclusion:

Among these two groups, comparatively less marginal fit and internal adaptation is seen in PEKK when compared to the PEEK crowns. While the marginal fit and internal adaptation of both PEEK and PEKK copings were in acceptable clinical range.
Reinforcement of Teeth Having Reenacted Perforating Internal Resorption Cavities After Repair Using Different Calcium Silicate-based Cements and Backfilling Materials: An In vitro Study
Authors: Popat Krishna , Bansal Manu , Bhardwaj Anuj , Bhardwaj Amit
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

To evaluate the fracture resistance (FR) of the teeth having reenacted perforating internal resorption cavities repaired by distinctive calcium silicate-based cements (CSCs) specifically: Endocem MTA, Biodentine, NeoMTA Plus, and backfilling materials. Ninety-six freshly extracted human mandibular premolar teeth were selected. Twelve roots were used as the negative control group. Rotary files were used to complete the final irrigation and root canal preparation on the remaining teeth. Following that, burs were used to make standardized internal resorption chambers in the middle part of the roots. Twelve of these samples were used as positive control samples. The remaining 72 root canals were obturated in the apical 4 mm using a single-cone approach, and they were separated into 6 groups based on the CSCs used to fill voids and the materials used as backfilling. Group 1: Endocem MTA (resorption) + Endocem MTA (coronal), Group 2: Endocem MTA (resorption) + Gutta-percha/sealer (coronal), Group 3: Biodentine (resorption) + Biodentine (coronal), Group 4: Biodentine (resorption) + Gutta-percha/sealer (coronal), Group 5: NeoMTA Plus (resorption) + NeoMTA Plus (coronal), and Group 6: NeoMTA Plus (resorption) + Gutta-percha/sealer (coronal). Specimens were inserted in acrylic resin and then subjected to fracture testing. Fracture strength tests were performed using a Universal Testing Machine. The force was employed vertically with a consistent speed of 1 mm/minute. The results were analyzed with Variance and Bonferrini tests at P < 0.005. The mean force of fracture values were 447.00, 201.25, 318.75, 187.50, 596.58, 258.75, 347.50, and 298.75 N for Group 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, respectively. “There was a significant difference (P < 0.001) between the experimental groups and the control group”. Group 5 showed the highest FR as compared to other groups. Backfilling with CSCs appears to be a better material than a gutta-percha/sealer combination. Neo MTA plus furthermore appeared the highest fracture-resistant material, while Biodentine + Gutta percha/sealer showed the least FR.
Risk Factors of Early Childhood Caries among Preschool Children in Madipakkam, Chennai: Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Manikandan K , Megalaa N , Valliappan Subramanian , Nandini K , Rani Lourdu V. , Dakshinamurthi Senthil , Nagappan Nagappan
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Early childhood caries (ECC) is a major oral health problem, mainly in socially disadvantaged populations. ECC affects infants and preschool children worldwide.

Aim:

A survey to identify the factors influencing the ECC among preschool children in Madipakkam, Chennai.

Methodology:

A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 3-5-year-old preschool children in Madipakkam, Chennai. Three schoolchildren participated in the study. In total, 313 children aged three to five years took part in the study. A closed-ended questionnaire was used to collect general information to assess their feeding habits and oral hygiene practices.

Results:

Dental caries experience (dmft and deft) was high among children who were bottle-fed compared to children who were breastfed. The children who were breastfed for less than six months had more caries than other children who were breastfed for more than six months.

Conclusion:

Factors such as age and BMI did not show any association with ECC. Other factors such as feeding habits, snacking, oral health behavior, parental assistance in brushing, and regular dental visits are found to be associated with the ECC. Most of the risk factors studied in this study are modifiable. Therefore parents and children should be educated about the risk factors of ECC and mechanisms to control it.
Prevalence of Dental Caries in Tamil Nadu State, India: A Comprehensive Umbrella Analysis
Authors: Nimmy P. , RajMohan M. , Sindhu R. , Prabu D. , Dhamodhar Dinesh , Sathiyapriya S. , Bharathwaj V. V. , Savitha S.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Dental caries is a major public health concern among other oral diseases in most developing and industrialized countries, particularly in those nations where preventative programs have not yet been developed. Adults and the elderly population in Tamil Nadu also face significant challenges related to dental caries beyond children and adolescents. This systematic review examined the comprehensive epidemiology of dental caries in all age groups in Tamil Nadu. The articles were collected using various electronic databases. From the 4509 initially collected articles, 22 articles were chosen for the current umbrella analysis. The collective dental caries prevalence for Tamil Nadu state, India, from 22 studies with 33,584 study participants was 42.8%, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 42.3–43.4%. Among the four regions of Tamil Nadu, Eastern Tamil Nadu showed the highest dental caries prevalence of 82.2%. Thus, the strategies by the government of Tamil Nadu should focus on raising awareness about improving oral hygiene practices, seeking access to timely oral healthcare treatments, and strengthening the oral healthcare infrastructure.
Knowledge and Awareness of Detecting Oral Premalignant Lesions among Dental Students, Interns, and Practitioners in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almutairi Farah , Alawad Abrar , Alshaya Yara , Alotaibi Yasser , Alotaiby Faraj
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Oral malignant lesions are the most common malignancy of which majority are diagnosed in advanced stages in Saudi Arabia. Patients with oral malignant lesion are first seen by general dental practitioners and dental students. Multiple surveys have been conducted and published to assess the students, interns, and dentists’ awareness and attitude toward oral premalignant lesions worldwide. However, little is known about this issue in Saudi Arabia. We aimed to assess knowledge and awareness of detecting oral premalignant lesions among dental students, dental interns, and practitioners in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted and electronically distributed. The questionnaire comprised of three sections including demographic variables, knowledge of risk factors of oral malignancy, and six clinical case scenarios. Descriptive statistics were used, and the results were reported using cross-tabulation and the Chi-square test. A 300 participants answered to the questionnaire, and 83% of respondents strongly agreed that smoking is a risk factor for oral malignancy. However, there was some uncertainty in responses for some more specific oral-related factors, such as a sharp-edged tooth and irritation from dental restoration. Furthermore, the knowledge and awareness of detecting frankly benign and frankly malignant lesions such as fibroma and squamous cell carcinoma are higher comparing to potentially malignant lesion, i.e. lichen planus. Knowledge and awareness of detecting oral premalignant lesions vary based on malignancy factors and by participants academic level. Fibroma and SCC are detected easily among all participants. However, lichen planus was the hardest to diagnose among oral lesions.
Knowledge, Attitude and Perception Regarding Myofunctional Appliance among Children—Prospective Study of Parents’ View
Authors: Valliappan Subramanian , Megalaa N , Annamalai Indra , Vidhya G , Subbiah Gireesh K. , Ranjith K , Nagappan Nagappan
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

The current purpose of the survey is to completely evaluate parents’ attitudes, knowledge, and perceptions of myofunctional appliances.

Materials and Methods:

Parents in Chennai participated in this cross-sectional web-based questionnaire survey. Pilot study was carried out to determine the sample size, and 500 individuals were the final sample size. The 10 organized, predesigned, and validated questions are on awareness of myofunctional appliance.

Results:

The result of the survey showed that in 500 subjects, 79.8% were aware of skeletal problems. The proportion of parents willing to recommend the use of such treatments is about 70%, while 69% believe that myofunctional appliances are important in correcting skeletal problems.

Conclusion:

The present study has established that most parents know about the functional appliance and have an understanding of how to distinguish between skeletal problems. In order to diagnose skeletal issues in an appropriate age range for the individual, more awareness about appliances is necessary and needs to be developed.
Bioactivity of Calcium Silicate-Based Endodontic Materials: A Comparative in vitro Evaluation
Authors: Gangishetti Sairam , Kolluri Amulya , Raj K. Amit , Kamsani Deepika , Manchala Saikrishna , Jarupula Deepa
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Bioactivity refers to the ability of a material to interact with living organisms or biological systems in a way that elicits a specific response. In the context of materials science and medicine, bioactivity is particularly important because it can determine the suitability of material for various applications.

Objective:

To evaluate and compare different commercially available calcium silicate-based materials regarding: 1. Morphological and elemental analysis at the dentin/material interface. 2. Calcium and silicon release and uptake by adjacent root canal dentine by evaluating the calcium and silicon incorporation depth in adjacent root canal dentin.

Materials and Methods:

This study examined four calcium silicate-based cements: Biodentine, MTA Angelus, BioAggregate, and MTA Plus. One hundred extracted human teeth with intact apices and no cavities were selected. Root sections measuring 3 mm in length were created at the mid-root level using low-speed diamond discs. Bioactivity was evaluated at 1, 7, 30, and 90 days, respectively.

Results:

The principal composition of the interfacial dentine layer and incorporation of calcium and silicon into dentine was measured at 1, 7, 30, and 90 days. Statistical analysis was performed by multiple comparisons using post hoc Tukey HSD.

Conclusion:

All the materials have shown bioactivity, i.e. release of calcium, silicon, and their uptake in the adjacent dentin in the presence of phosphate-buffered saline.
Manasamitra Vatakam on Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in Female Wistar Rats
Authors: Sankar A , Kandasamy Deepa , Jones Sumathi , Radhakrishan Anjuna , Janaki C. S , Sheriff Dhastangir , Prabhu K
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Neurodegenerative diseases induce amnesia, and effective treatment is still elusive. Aims and Objectives: The present study highlights the ameliorating effects of Manasa Mitra Vatakam (MMV) using behavioral parameters on scopolamine-induced memory loss in female Wistar rats.

Materials and Methods:

MMV was compared with DPZ as a standard in the present study to determine the behavioral parameters through elevated plus maze (Hebb William maze/rectangular maze)and locomotor activity in scopolamine-induced memory loss in female Wistar rats.

Results and Discussion:

The results of the study illustrate the effectiveness of MMV in reversing memory dysfunction and memory-enhancing effects.

Conclusion:

The study paves the way for exploring research in CNS disorders and its potential application in drug-induced neurotoxicity.
Sometimes Treatment Kills: Ceftriaxone-induced Hemolytic Anemia in a Case of Pyogenic Meningitis
Authors: Tomar Akshaya , Venkatesan Somasundaram , Khajuria Swaraj P.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia (DIIHA) is a rare condition that is often misdiagnosed or not diagnosed promptly, even at specialized medical facilities. The leading causes of DIIHA are antibiotics, particularly second and third-generation cephalosporins, and platinum-based chemotherapy. While identifying the responsible drug and discontinuing it typically resolves the issue, fatalities may still occur in cases of progressive immune-mediated hemolysis and underlying medical conditions. This case involves an 80-year-old man receiving injectable broad-spectrum antibiotics, including ceftriaxone, for pyogenic meningitis, who experienced severe hemolytic anemia that ultimately led to intracranial hemorrhage and death.
Study of Serum Surfactant Protein D Levels in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients
Authors: Tiwari Surya , Fatima Durain , Gowardipe Pravin S.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

An increasing prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) worldwide is one of the major reasons for morbidity and mortality. Surfactant protein D (SP-D) has been identified to have a role in the host defence system of the lungs and regulation of surfactant homeostasis. SP-D is considered as a biomarker of ascertaining the severity of COPD and risk of future exacerbations.

Objectives:

This study aimed to investigate changes in lung functions and SP-D levels in COPD patients for early diagnosis and timely intervention to prevent progression of the disease.

Methods:

One hundred stable COPD patients were enrolled for the study and were compared to 100 normal healthy individuals of the same age. Those fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled for the study. Pulmonary function tests were performed via spirometry. Blood samples were collected and estimation of SP-D was done using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results:

The observation revealed a significant decline in ventilatory functions with increasing severity of COPD, as reflected by the decrease in FEV1% and FEV1-to-FVC ratio compared to controls (P < 0.001). Serum SP-D levels were significantly increased in COPD patients (P < 0.001) compared to controls.

Conclusion:

SP-D estimation in COPD patients helps in monitoring the progression and prognosis of the diseases; formulate strategies for early therapeutic intervention to prevent risk of exacerbations to improve quality of life.
Comparative Study of the Outcome of Tympanoplasty Alone with Tympanoplasty Combined with Cortical Mastoidectomy in Patients with Quiescent Mucosal Chronic Otitis Media
Authors: Rajashekhar Rashmi Prashant , Ingale Mayur , Shinde Vinod , Rathi Parul
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Aims:

1. To compare the outcome of tympanoplasty alone with tympanoplasty combined with cortical mastoidectomy in patients with quiescent Chronic otitis media (COM). 2. To assess gain in hearing in dB.

Materials and Methods:

Patients diagnosed with mucosal type of chronic otitis media in the quiescent stage were selected. Two groups were formed. Patients were selected randomly and alternately they were included in groups A and B. The patients underwent otomicroscopy. Pure tone audiometry would depict pure conductive hearing of hearing loss. Group A (50% patients) were subjected to tympanoplasty alone and group B (other 50% patients) were subjected to tympanoplasty combined with cortical mastoidectomy. Prior to surgery, all patients underwent routine blood and urine examination, pure tone audiometry, and B/L mastoid X-ray Schuller’s view.

Results:

In our study, hearing gain in decibels in the tympanoplasty group was 17.1% and in tympanoplasty combined with cortical mastoidectomy was 21.1%. Graft uptake was 94% in the tympanoplasty group and 96% in tympanoplasty combined with cortical mastoidectomy. Recurrence of discharge was seen in three cases of tympanoplasty. Though tympanoplasty combined with cortical mastoidectomy is better in hearing improvement, graft uptake but the difference in two groups is statistically insignificant.

Conclusion:

Hearing improvement and graft uptake were statistically insignificant in two groups. Combining cortical mastoidectomy with tympanoplasty will not give additional benefits in terms of hearing gain and graft uptake in patients with quiescent mucosal chronic otitis.

Media:

Clinical significance: Hearing improvement and graft uptake were statistically insignificant in two groups. Combining cortical mastoidectomy with tympanoplasty will not give additional benefits in terms of hearing gain and graft uptake in patients with quiescent mucosal chronic otitis media.
Comparison of Thyroid Toxicity Profiles in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Irradiated by 3D-Conformal Radiation Therapy and Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy
Authors: Choudhary Megha , Yogi Veenita , Saxena Sachet , Gupta Vidhi , Singh Om P. , Yadav Suresh , Saxena Rishika
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

In spite of recent technical advances in the radiation field, exposure to non-target organs such as the thyroid gland remains unavoidable in locally advanced head and neck cancer (LAHNC) planning, which is associated with late toxicities, and this may affect the lifestyle of cancer survivors.

Aim:

The purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence of thyroid toxicity in LAHNC patients treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). To establish its correlation, we have analyzed thyroid profile levels, DVH, and the doses of radiation received by the thyroid volume in both radiotherapy planning methods.

Material and Method:

Sixty patients with LAHNC enrolled and were divided into two groups treated with 3D-CRT (group A) and IMRT (group B). The patient’s thyroid function test, which consisted of serumT3, T4, and TSH, was done before starting radiotherapy and at 6 months and 12 months follow-up. Absolute thyroid volume, maximum dose, minimum dose, mean dose to the thyroid gland, and percentage of thyroid volume receiving as V10, V20, V30, V40, and V50 were studied.

Results:

After 6-month post-RT, 6.7% of patients in group A showed biochemical hypothyroidism, whereas biochemical hypothyroidism, sub-clinical hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism were observed in 10%, 3.3%, and 10% patients of group B, respectively. After 12 months post-RT, 23.3% of patients in group A showed hypothyroidism. In the 3DCRT group, mean T3 was significantly higher for patients with no hypothyroidism (P < 0.05). Mean T4 was observed to be significantly lower in both the groups in hypothyroid patients (P < 0.05). Mean TSH was significantly higher for hypothyroid patients in the IMRT group (P > 0.01). The difference in thyroid volume and thyroid dose was observed to be statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The incidence of thyroid toxicity may be decreased by sparing the volume of the thyroid gland and the thyroid dose kept to a minimum. As per dosimetric parameters, >V40 may predict the risk of developing hypothyroidism after irradiation in LAHNC patients. We recommend regular thyroid function tests on follow-up visits of irradiated patients of LAHNC.
Psychometric and cytomorphometric analysis of dental phobia in pediatric patients: Association between anxiety and cellular structure
Authors: Duhlait Rishita , Yadav Shefali , Jain Anshi , Shetty Devi Charan , Mathur Shivani
Published: April 2024

Background:

Children frequently experience negative feelings, such as dental fear or anxiety, as a result of the stress of receiving dental care. Extremely anxious individuals resist therapy or completely avoid it, which exacerbates oral and other health issues.

Aim:

The goal of this study was to examine the cytomorphometric responses toward dental interventions and their potential interplay with psychometric indices of anxiety levels and previous dental experience, specifically anesthesia, and how they varied before and after the treatment in children.

Materials and Methods:

On informed consent, buccal mucosal samples were obtained from 20 children (33% males and females 67%) in the pediatric dentistry clinic before treatment and immediately posttreatment. Dental anxiety was assessed through specific questionnaires (Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale faces version) completed by the children.

Results:

On the cellular level: Cellular diameter (CD), nuclear diameter (ND), nuclear area (NA), and cellular area (CA) were assessed (Magnus Pro software and hematoxylin and eosin staining) while scores from the questionnaire established anxiety levels. Compared to pretreatment, mean CD, CA, and NA were decreased following treatment, while ND was higher at the recall. Dental anxiety questionnaire scores were also significantly correlated with each other which turned out to be positive.

Conclusion:

As a result, in response to environmental inputs, mitochondrial cells dynamically alter in terms of morphology and functionality. Chronic structural and functional variation in mitochondria can result in functional adjustments which were correlated by cytomorphometric and psychological investigation.
Study on Dynamic Response Characteristics of Offshore Floating Wind Turbine Pitch System
Authors: Guan Xin , Wu Shiwei , Li Mingyang , Xie Yuqi
Published: April 2024

Due to its special working conditions, offshore wind turbine will bear large direct and indirect loads under the combined action of air flow and wave flow. In this paper, a variable pitch system composed of variablepitch motorand variable pitch bearing is improved, and the characteristics of system's bending moment, torque, vibration and other physical quantities under the action of multiple physical loads are verified, and the mechanical response characteristics of floating wind turbine under the control of unified variable pitch and independent variable pitch are studied under the running conditions at sea. The results show that mechanical structure of uniform pitch is compared with that of independent pitch, the independent variable pitch structure can effectively reduce the mean oscillation value of wind turbine tower in the parallel direction of air flow by optimizing control strategy, and reduce the thrust at the hub of wind turbine and the bending moment at the root of tower, but increase the vibration frequency and fatigue load of offshore wind turbine tower along parallel direction of air flow. Reduce the fatigue life of equipment. The research results can be used as a reference to reduce the variable pitch control and vibration suppression of offshore wind turbines and improve the reliability of wind turbines.
Suppression of Torque Ripple in Switched Reluctance Motors Which is Based on Synchronization Technology
Authors: Li Huixiu , Wei Qingtao , Zhang Liying , Li Nan
Published: April 2024

The double salient pole structure of Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) makes its electromagnetic field exist nonlinear saturation characteristics, resulting in its large torque pulsation in operation, so it is difficult  to achieve speed regulation smoothly by traditional control methods. In view of this problem, a sliding mode control strategy which is based on synchronous transmission technology was proposed.Firstly, the basic structure of switched reluctance motor was analyzed, and the mathematical model of mechanical motion of switched reluctance motor was established. Secondly, an improved sliding mode controller which is based on synchronous signal transmission technology was designed by analyzing the reason of large torque ripple of switched reluctance motor, and the stability of the system was proved. Finally, simulation is used to verify the effectiveness of the control strategy.Compared with the traditional PID (Proportional Integral Differential) control algorithm, this control technology not only suppresses the SRM torque ripple effectively , but also makes the sliding mode controller output the precise target electromagnetic torque quickly by increasing the control variables. The results of research indicate that this design can not only restrain the torque ripple effectively, but also adjust the convergence speed and overshoot of the controller by adjusting the design parameters.
Jacobson radicals, abelian $p$-groups and the $\oplus_{c}$-topology
Authors: Keef Patrick
Published: April 2024

In studying the Jacobson radical of the endomorphism ring of a separable abelian

p

-group, Sands (1984) identified the useful
Condition
(C). Our central result is that the group

G

satisfies Condition (C) precisely when it is complete in its

\oplus_{c}

-topology

, which uses the set of subgroups

X\leq G

such that

G/X

is a direct sum of cyclics as a neighborhood base of 0. This equivalence is then used to compute the Jacobson radicals of the endomorphism rings of a variety of such groups, including those in the so-called
Keef class
. It is shown that Sands’ attempt to “complete” an arbitrary group with respect to Condition (C) is equivalent to D’Este’s (1980) attempt to show that the

\oplus_{c}

-topology is completable. Since Mader (1983) provided a counterexample to D’Este’s result, it follows that Sands’ result also fails.