bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photophysiological state of natural phytoplankton communities in the South China Sea and Sulu Sea
Authors: Cheah W. , Taylor B. B. , Wiegmann S. , Raimund S. , Krahmann G. , Quack B. , Bracher A.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. In recent years, an increasing number of studies on phytoplankton in the tropical South China Sea (SCS) and Sulu Sea (SS) have been conducted. However, still little is known about the photophysiological state of natural phytoplankton communities under varying environmental conditions. This study investigates the photophysiological state of natural phytoplankton communities in the southern SCS and SS based on high horizontal and vertical resolution field observations collected during the SHIVA (Stratosphere ozone: Halogens in a Varying Atmosphere) cruise (SO 218) in November 2011 on board RV Sonne. At the surface, pigment results revealed that total chlorophyll a (TChl a ) concentrations at all offshore stations were low at the surface and were generally dominated by cyanobacteria. Enhanced concentrations of TChl a were only observed below the upper mixed layer and above the euphotic depth with haptophytes, prochlorophytes and prasinophytes contributing most of the biomass. At stations close to the coast and river outflows, surface phytoplankton blooms (between 1 to 2.2 mg m−3) dominated by diatoms were observed. Overall, the study region exhibited strong nitrate + nitrite (NOx, < 1 μmol L−1), and phosphate (PO4, < 0.2 μmol L−1) depletion from surface down to about 50–60 m. Silicate (Si) exhibited similar trends with the exception of some near shore stations in which high Si concentrations (> 2 μmol L−1) were observed in conjunction with increased TChl a and diatoms concentrations. Surface NOx concentrations were observed to correlate positively with temperature (τ = 0.22, p < 0.05, n = 108), whereas negative correlations were reported between surface NOx (τ = −0.27, p < 0.05, n = 108), Si (τ = −0.68, p < 0.05, n = 108) and salinity indicating that the enhancement in nutrients at the surface was probably supplied through fresher and warmer river waters near the coast. In contrast, the opposite was observed between temperature, salinity and all nutrients in the water column suggesting that nutrients were supplied from the bottom through upwelling. Pigment gradients show that phytoplankton were optimising their pigment composition to acclimate to changes in the light climate and cells were in a competent state as suggested by high maximum photochemical efficiency values (Fv/ Fm, > 0.4).
Can an Earth System Model simulate better climate change at mid-Holocene than an AOGCM? A comparison study of MIROC-ESM and MIROC3
Authors: Ohgaito R. , Sueyoshi T. , Abe-Ouchi A. , Hajima T. , Watanabe S. , Kim H.-J. , Yamamoto A. , Kawamiya M.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The importance of evaluating models through paleoclimate simulations is becoming more recognized in efforts to improve climate projection. To evaluate an integrated Earth System Model, MIROC-ESM, we performed simulations in time-slice experiments for the mid-Holocene (6000 yr before present, 6 ka) and preindustrial (1850 AD, 0 ka) periods under the protocol of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5/Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project 3. We first give an overview of the simulated global climates by comparing with simulations using a previous version of the MIROC model (MIROC3), which is an atmosphere–ocean coupled general circulation model. We then comprehensively discuss various aspects of climate change with 6 ka forcing and how the differences in the models can affect the results. We also discuss the representation of the precipitation enhancement at 6 ka over northern Africa. The precipitation enhancement at 6 ka over northern Africa according to MIROC-ESM does not differ greatly from that obtained with MIROC3, which means that newly developed components such as dynamic vegetation and improvements in the atmospheric processes do not have significant impacts on the representation of the 6 ka monsoon change suggested by proxy records. Although there is no drastic difference between the African monsoon representations of the two models, there are small but significant differences in the precipitation enhancement over the Sahara in early summer, which can be related to the representation of the sea surface temperature rather than the vegetation coupling in MIROC-ESM. Because the oceanic parts of the two models are identical, the difference in the sea surface temperature change is ultimately attributed to the difference in the atmospheric and/or land modules, and possibly the difference in the representation of low-level clouds.
MAREDAT: towards a world atlas of MARine Ecosystem DATa
Authors: Buitenhuis E. T. , Vogt M. , Moriarty R. , Bednaršek N. , Doney S. C. , Leblanc K. , Le Quéré C. , Luo Y.-W. , O'Brien C. , O'Brien T. , Peloquin J. , Schiebel R. , Swan C.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. We present a summary of biomass data for 11 plankton functional types (PFTs) plus phytoplankton pigment data, compiled as part of the MARine Ecosystem biomass DATa (MAREDAT) initiative. The goal of the MAREDAT initiative is to provide, in due course, global gridded data products with coverage of all planktic components of the global ocean ecosystem. This special issue is the first step towards achieving this. The PFTs presented here include picophytoplankton, diazotrophs, coccolithophores, Phaeocystis, diatoms, picoheterotrophs, microzooplankton, foraminifers, mesozooplankton, pteropods and macrozooplankton. All variables have been gridded onto a World Ocean Atlas (WOA) grid (1° × 1° × 33 vertical levels × monthly climatologies). The results show that abundance is much better constrained than their carbon content/elemental composition, and coastal seas and other high productivity regions have much better coverage than the much larger volumes where biomass is relatively low. The data show that (1) the global total heterotrophic biomass (2.0–4.6 Pg C) is at least as high as the total autotrophic biomass (0.5–2.4 Pg C excluding nanophytoplankton and autotrophic dinoflagellates); (2) the biomass of zooplankton calcifiers (0.03–0.67 Pg C) is substantially higher than that of coccolithophores (0.001–0.03 Pg C); (3) patchiness of biomass distribution increases with organism size; and (4) although zooplankton biomass measurements below 200 m are rare, the limited measurements available suggest that Bacteria and Archaea are not the only important heterotrophs in the deep sea. More data will be needed to characterise ocean ecosystem functioning and associated biogeochemistry in the Southern Hemisphere and below 200 m. Future efforts to understand marine ecosystem composition and functioning will be helped both by further archiving of historical data and future sampling at new locations. Microzooplankton database: doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.779970 All MAREDAT databases: http://www.pangaea.de/search?&q=maredat
Creep deformation and buttressing capacity of damaged ice shelves: theory and application to Larsen C ice shelf
Authors: Borstad C. P. , Rignot E. , Mouginot J. , Schodlok M. P.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Around the perimeter of Antarctica, much of the ice sheet discharges to the ocean through floating ice shelves. The buttressing provided by ice shelves is critical for modulating the flux of ice into the ocean, and the presently observed thinning of ice shelves is believed to be reducing their buttressing capacity and contributing to the acceleration and thinning of the grounded ice sheet. However, relatively little attention has been paid to the role that fractures play in the flow and stability of ice shelves and their capacity to buttress the flow of grounded ice. Here, we develop an analytical framework for describing the role that fractures play in the creep deformation and buttressing capacity of ice shelves. We apply principles of continuum damage mechanics to derive a new analytical relation for the creep of an ice shelf as a function of ice thickness, temperature, material properties, resistive backstress and damage. By combining this analytical theory with an inverse method solution for the spatial rheology of an ice shelf, both backstress and damage can be calculated. We demonstrate the applicability of this new theory using satellite remote sensing and Operation IceBridge data for the Larsen C ice shelf, finding damage associated with known crevasses and rifts. We find that increasing thickness of mélange between rift flanks correlates with decreasing damage, with some rifts deforming coherently with the ice shelf as if completely healed. We quantify the stabilizing backstress caused by ice rises and lateral confinement, finding high backstress associated with two ice rises that likely stabilize the ice front in its current configuration. Though overall the ice shelf appears stable at present, the ice in contact with the Bawden ice rise is weakened by fractures, and additional damage or thinning in this area could portend significant change for the shelf. Using this new approach, field and remote sensing data can be utilized to monitor the structural integrity of ice shelves, their ability to buttress the flow of ice at the grounding line, and thus their indirect contribution to ice sheet mass balance and global sea level.
Nonlinear Pricing and Tariff Differentiation: Evidence from the British Electricity Market
Authors: Davies Stephen , Price Catherine Waddams , Wilson Chris M.
Published: July 2013

Liberalisation of the British household electricity market, in which previously monopolised regional markets were exposed to large-scale entry, is used as a natural experiment on oligopolistic nonlinear pricing. Each oligopolist offered a single two-part electricity tariff, but inconsistent with current theory, the two-part tariffs were heterogeneous in ways that cannot be attributed to explanations such as asymmetric costs or variations in brand loyalty. Instead, the evidence suggests that firms deliberately differentiated their tariff structures, resulting in market segmentation according to consumers’ usage.
Loop-containing One-dimensional Metal-Organic Frameworks from Flexible Betaine Linkers and Zinc Salts by Controlled Synthesis
Authors: Wu Doufeng , Wang Yang , Li Qiaowei , Zhang Lijuan
Published: July 2013

L

Three new metal-organic frameworks based on Zn2+ and 1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1,4- diacetate () were synthesized and fully characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and other methods. The linker L provides both positively charged quaternary ammonium centers and a flexible methylene chain, which brings conformational diversity to the system. The same reactants, and the same preparation procedures were used for the syntheses of ZnLCl2 (1), ZnL
2(NO3)(OH)·(DMF)·(H2O) (2) and ZnL
3(NO3)2(H2O) (3), to study the role of solvents and anions during the synthesis. All three MOFs show one-dimensional networks with different topologies. Closed loops with different ring sizes could be found in 2and 3along the chain. Rings with 22 atoms were found in 2, while the smallest loop in 3contains 44 atoms, including four linkers and four zinc atoms. Clearly, the solvent, stoichiometries of the reactants, and the anions had an impact on the formation of the three distinct network structures.
Equilibrium Structures and Vibrational Assignments for Isoamyl Alcohol and tert-Amyl Alcohol: A Density Functional Study
Authors: Förner Wolfgang , Badawi Hassan M.
Published: July 2013

We have calculated the vibrational spectra of isoamyl alcohol and of tert-amyl alcohol using Density Functional Theory (DFT) with the Becke-3 Lee Yang Parr (B3LYP) functional and a 6-311+G** atomic basis set. The energies of the conformers were also calculated with ab initio Perturbation Theory of second (MP2) and fourth order restricted to single, double and quadruple excitations (MP4 SDQ) with the same basis set. We found rather complicated equilibria of four conformations in each case, counting only those with appreciable abundancies. PED data were compared with GAUSSVIEW animations. The calculated wavenumbers agree rather well with the experimental ones when the gauche-trans conformer is assumed as the most important one for isoamyl alcohol, and the gauchegauche one for tert-amyl alcohol. However, some of the experimental bands had to be assigned also to other conformers, indicating their presence in the equilibrium mixture. Due to sterical reasons both the CO and the OH bonds appear to be weaker in the tertiary alcohol, considering the wavenumbers of the CO and OH bond stretching vibrations. The bond lengths point into the same direction, however, the OH bond in the tertiary alcohol is only slightly longer than that in the primary alcohol.
Synthesis of Homophthalates by [3+3] Cyclocondensation Reactions of 1,3-Bis(silyloxy)-1,3-butadienes with Silylated Methyl 3,5-Dioxohexanoate
Authors: Hefner Jennifer , Villinger Alexander , Langer Peter
Published: July 2013

Homophthalates were prepared by formal [3+3] cyclocondensation of 1,3-bis(silyl enol ethers) with silylated methyl 3,5-dioxohexanoate.
Diastereoselective 1,3-Dioxolane Formation by Photocatalytic Ring Opening of α-Epoxyketones
Authors: Memarian Hamid Reza , Zare Sakineh
Published: July 2013

Photocatalytic ring opening of α-epoxyketones by 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) in acetone resulted in the diastereoselective formation of 1,3-dioxolanes through Cα-O bond cleavage. The facility of the ring opening is influenced by the nature and the location of the additional substituent on the a-epoxyketones.
4-tert-Butoxy-1-ethoxy-1,3-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)-1,3-butadiene. A New Diene and its Application to the Synthesis of γ-Alkylidenetetronic Acids
Authors: Nguyen Van Thi Hong , Cam Bui Duy , Ahmed Zafar , Langer Peter
Published: July 2013

A new approach to γ-alkylidenetetronic acids is reported which is based on Me3SiOTf-catalyzed [3+2] cyclization of 4-tert-butoxy-1,3-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)-1,3-butadiene with oxalyl chloride, orthogonal protection of the α-hydroxy group by benzylation and subsequent deprotection of the β-hydroxy group.
Zn(II) and Cd(II) Coordination Polymers with an N,O-Donor Ligand: Structural Characterization and Fluorescence Properties
Authors: Kuai Hai-Wei , Cheng Xiao-Chun , Zhu Xiao-Hong
Published: July 2013

kgd

The hydrothermal reactions of 5-(benzimidazol-1-ylmethyl)isophthalic acid (H2L) with Zn(II) and Cd(II) salts lead to the formation of the two new complexes [Cd(L)] (1) and [Zn(L)] (2). In the presence of 2-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole (pybim) as auxiliary ligand, complex [Zn(L)(pybim)] (3) was obtained. Complexes 1-3have been characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, and elemental and thermogravimetric analyses. Complexes 1and 2are isostructural and exhibit a binodal (3,6)-connected 2D network structure with (43)2(46.66.83) topology; 3 consists of uninodal 3-connected 2D (63) hcb networks. The influential factors of synthetic strategies on the coordination modes of the ligands and on the structures and properties of the resulting complexes are discussed. The luminescence properties of 1-3were investigated.
Synthesis and Characterization of 3-Chloropropyl-substituted o- Carboranes: Crystal Structures of 1,2-(1,3-Propanediyl)-o-carborane, 1-(3-Chloropropyl)-o-carborane and 1,2-Bis(3-chloropropyl)-ocarborane
Authors: Bian Deqian , Nie Yong , Miao Jinling , Zhang Zhenwei , Lu Ping
Published: July 2013

The reactions of the lithio-o-carborane Li2C2B10H10 with ClCH2CH2CH2Br were studied under various conditions. While the main product is the known exo-polyhedrally cyclized 1,2- (1,3-propanediyl)-o-carborane (2), the expected 3-chloropropyl-substituted carborane products 1- (ClCH2CH2CH2)C2B10H11 (3) and 1,2-(ClCH2CH2CH2)2C2B10H10 (4) can be obtained in a total yield of 22%. In the presence of CuCl, the same reaction proceeded rather slowly and gave compound 3and bis(o-carborane) (5) in small yields, with the recovery of the starting o-C2B10H12. Compounds 2- 4were characterized by means of IR and NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, as well as by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
Kalium-Doppelsalze mit den gemischten Trisulfidometallat-Ionen [MoOS3]2- und [WOS3]2- / Potassium Double Salts with the Mixed Trisulfidometalate Ions [MoOS3]2- and [WOS3]2-
Authors: Lehner Anna J. , Röhr Caroline
Published: July 2013

In the course of the synthesis of mixed oxidosulfido molybdates and tungstates by passing H2S gas through solutions of the oxido metalates, several new salts containing the metalates [MOS3]2- besides further anions (halides X-, hydrosulfide SH- or thiosulfate S2O2-
3) were obtained as well-formed crystals. Their crystal structures have been determined using single crystal X-ray data. The salts containing SH- as the additional anion crystallize with a new structure type (orthorhombic, space group Pmn21, M=Mo=W, TM =20=-125 °C: a=957.7(2)/954.15(2), b=636.2(2)/636.19(1), c=812.4(2)/809.88(2) pm, Z =2, R1=0.0319=0.0185). The mixed sulfidomolybdate/ chloride K3[MoO1.25S2.75]Cl (orthorhombic, space group Pca21, a=1246.3(1), b=623.20(4), c=1230.44(8) pm, Z =4, R1=0.0472) is isotypic with the sulfidotungstate K3[WOS3]Cl, but contains 25% of the disulfido molybdate. The structures of the SH- and the Cl- salts are closely related: In both cases, the trisulfido metalates are overall coordinated by cuboctahedra of 12 K+ ions, and the small additional anions are centered in K+ octahedra. In this regard, the structures are both derivatives of the cubic perovskite (and thus the Cu3Au) type. This crystallographic group-subgroup relation is discussed in detail. Yellow hexagonal columns of the double salt K6[WOS3]2(S2O3) were obtained by the methanothermal decomposition of the disulfidotungstate K2[WO2S2]. It crystallizes with a new structure type (hexagonal, space group P63mc, a=983.78(8), c=1227.3(1) pm, Z =2, R1=0.0175). Like in the other mixed salts, the two crystallographically different [WOS3]2- anions exhibit an overall cuboctahedral coordination by 12 potassium cations. The smaller S2O2-
3 anions are surrounded by nine K+ ions arranged in the form of two flat facesharing octahedra. Again similar to the mixed halides and hydrosulfides, the two K polyhedra around the anions, here present in a 2 : 1 ratio, are arranged in a space-filling packing, in this case related to the ht- BaMnO3 (and thus the Ni3Ti) structure type. According to their ‘double salt’ character, the Mo/W-O and Mo/W-S distances and the intramolecular vibrational frequencies of the tetrahedral moieties of the title compounds are similar between them and those in the pure potassium trisulfido metalates. This further becomes apparent from the additive nature of their molar volumes, which correspond to the sum of the volumes of the simple salts KCl, KSH or K2(S2O3) and K2[MoOS3].
Pobreza, discapacidad y derechos humanos
Authors: Martínez Ríos Beatriz
Published: July 2013

Se estima que el 15% de la población mundial tiene una discapacidad. Existe un vínculo directo entre pobreza y discapacidad. La población con discapacidad se encuentra entre la más desaventajada y discriminada. Sin embargo, las teorías económicas sobre desarrollo han omitido cuestiones esenciales sobre esta población, contribuyendo a su invisibilidad y pobreza. La teoría de las capacidades desde un enfoque basado en los derechos humanos nos proporciona una nueva dimensión del desarrollo. Los costes extraordinarios derivados de la discapacidad y de las barreras psicológicas, físicas y sociales a las que se enfrentan las personas con discapacidad contribuyen a su pobreza, falta de libertad y vulneración de derechos humanos, y así se evidencia en los diferentes estudios llevados a cabo. La cooperación para el desarrollo se convierte en una herramienta esencial para la promoción de los derechos de las personas con discapacidad y la lucha contra la pobreza.
Diversidad funcional en España. Hacia la inclusión en igualdad de las personas con discapacidades
Authors:   Colectivo Ioé
Published: July 2013

El presente texto recoge algunas de las conclusiones del estudio Discapacidades e inclusión social, editado por la Obra Social La Caixa en 2012, basado, a su vez, en la última Encuesta sobre Discapacidades, Autonomía Personal y Situaciones de Dependencia, aplicada por el INE en 2008. En especial, nos fijamos en algunos aspectos que pueden tener mayor interés para comprender las formas de inserción social y laboral de las personas con diversidad funcional, un colectivo de 3,8 millones de personas, de las que un millón y medio se encuentran en edad laboral. Desde un enfoque social-preventivo, se resaltan algunos análisis y propuestas para abordar los problemas de cronificación y marginalidad de este amplio sector de población.
Discapacidad y Observaciones Generales de los comités de derechos humanos de la ONU: una relación asimétrica entre la invisibilidad, el modelo médico y el modelo de derechos humanos
Authors: Lidón Heras Leonor
Published: July 2013

Este artículo pretende determinar el nivel de inclusión de la discapacidad en las Observaciones Generales de los comités de Naciones Unidas, y si esta incorporación se produce desde una perspectiva de derechos humanos. La metodología se ha centrado en realizar un análisis crítico y emancipatorio. En particular, se investiga el tratamiento de la discapacidad (si la inclusión es sectorial o transversal, la definición de discriminación por discapacidad y el modelo de discapacidad asumido) y se establecen comparaciones con otros colectivos excluidos. El análisis permite evidenciar el diferente nivel de compromiso con la discapacidad, el tratamiento asimétrico de ésta y las carencias en entender la discapacidad como una cuestión de derechos humanos. La conclusión principal es la necesidad de que la Convención sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad se convierta en un marco obligatorio y expansivo.
Fuentes de información sobre discapacidad y empleo en España
Authors: Rodríguez Álvarez Vanesa
Published: July 2013

El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar las distintas bases de datos que nos permiten obtener información sobre discapacidad y empleo en España. En general, cada una de ellas utiliza diferentes variables para medir la discapacidad, lo que da lugar a que se obtengan diferentes tasas de prevalencia. A partir de sus diferentes definiciones, se muestran los puntos fuertes y débiles de cada una de ellas para estudiar la participación de las personas con discapacidad en el mercado de trabajo. Además, se propone utilizar la Muestra Continua de Vidas Laborales como fuente de información, ya que permite analizar distintos aspectos del empleo de las personas con discapacidad, en especial los relacionados con las condiciones de trabajo y las trayectorias laborales.
Autodeterminación de las personas con discapacidad intelectual como objetivo educativo y derecho básico: estado de la cuestión
Authors: Arellano Torres Araceli , Peralta López Feli
Published: July 2013

Los resultados de la investigación sugieren que la autodeterminación es una de las variables que determina, en parte, la calidad de vida de las personas con discapacidad intelectual y su reconocimiento como miembros de pleno derecho. Este artículo presenta una síntesis de las principales ideas acerca de este constructo: factores que posibilitan el origen y desarrollo de este movimiento, modelos conceptuales, instrumentos de evaluación y sugerencias para la intervención. Para ello, se ha realizado una exhaustiva revisión de la literatura más significativa al respecto. Los esfuerzos dirigidos a promover este derecho básico nos permiten afirmar que la autodeterminación ha dejado de ser un deseo para pasar a ser una realidad.
Servicios residenciales para personas con discapacidad intelectual en Chile. Avanzando hacia las buenas prácticas
Authors: Vega Cordova Vanessa del Pilar , Jenaro Río Cristina , Flores Robaina Noelia , Cruz Ortiz Maribel , Morillo Quesen María Luz
Published: July 2013

El presente estudio pretende conocer la visión y prácticas de proveedores de servicios sobre la atención proporcionada y su relación con los apoyos y calidad de vida de chilenos con discapacidad intelectual institucionalizados. La metodología utilizada ha consistido en el análisis de contenido de la información proporcionada por tres grupos focales compuestos por proveedores de servicios. Los resultados indican que, si bien se está avanzando en la calidad de los servicios ofrecidos para estos usuarios, es necesario dar un paso más para desplazarse de la provisión de servicios esenciales al fomento, registro y seguimiento de resultados de calidad. Este cambio requiere un trabajo conjunto desde los diferentes niveles del sistema, incluyendo unas políticas públicas que se centren en ofrecer oportunidades de desarrollo personal y de obtención de resultados personales, y unos profesionales comprometidos con la promoción de buenas prácticas.
Cuerpo, deporte y discapacidad motriz en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Tensiones entre la reproducción y el cuestionamiento a la dominación
Authors: Ferrante Carolina
Published: July 2013

En este trabajo, partiendo de los resultados de una investigación cualitativa sobre el campo del deporte adaptado en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires (1950-2010), analizo el ethos específicamente construido a través de la práctica deportiva para personas con discapacidad motriz en la actualidad. Para ello, tomando los supuestos de la sociología de Pierre Bourdieu, describo el conjunto de hábitos corporales que son promovidos a través de la práctica deportiva y que dibujan el cuerpo discapacitado valorado al interior del campo. A partir del análisis del material empírico reunido, escapando a las lecturas vigentes que reducen los efectos del deporte en la discapacidad a la generación de un ciudadano incluido o de un super crip sobreadaptado, sostengo que el deporte posee un efecto ambiguo en la dominación de las personas con discapacidad: si bien los saberes prácticos promovidos cuestionan la norma médico-hegemónica, imponen un fuerte imperativo de normalización que no cuestiona la definición del cuerpo legítimo.
Una aproximación a los referentes informativos de las personas sordas
Authors: Serrat Manén Jordi , Fernández-Viader María del Pilar
Published: July 2013

La sociedad de la información está ampliando los referentes informativos de las personas sordas signantes (usuarias de una lengua de signos). Con el objetivo de explorar las vías más utilizadas para acceder a la actualidad periodística por parte del colectivo mencionado, este artículo resume una investigación cuantitativa realizada con una encuesta a 138 personas sordas: 69 en España y 69 en EE.UU. El trabajo se complementa cualitativamente con un focus group en la Gallaudet University de Washington, en American Sign Language (ASL), y con la observación de tres conferencias-magacines en Barcelona, para participantes sordos, en Lengua de Signos Catalana (LSC). Los resultados subrayan la importancia del subtitulado televisivo y de Internet en la recepción de noticias. Se intuye, además, que las personas sordas prefieren a periodistas sordos signantes en televisión antes que a intérpretes oyentes.
Un servicio para la promoción de la autonomía de las personas con Enfermedades Neuromusculares en la Federación ASEM
Authors: Pousada García Thais , Sánchez Muñoz-Ortiz María , Gómez-Serranillos Soria Lorena , Pérez Laguía Matilde
Published: July 2013

Pousada García, T. et al. (2013): “Un servicio para la promoción de la autonomía de las personas con enfermedades neuromusculares en la Federación ASEM”, Revista Española de Discapacidad, 1 (1): 215-223.
Un ejemplo de empleo de personas con discapacidad por teletrabajo en España: Proyecto Discatel
Authors: Goytre Boza José Luis
Published: July 2013

Goytre Boza, J.L. (2013): “Un ejemplo de empleo de personas con discapacidad por teletrabajo en España: Proyecto Discatel”,Revista Española de Discapacidad, 1 (1): 233-239.
A Web-Based Integration Procedure for the Development of Reconfigurable Robotic Work-Cells
Authors: Ferreira Paulo , Reyes Victoria , Mestre João
Published: July 2013

Concepts related to the development of reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMS) and methodologies to provide the best practices in the processing industry and factory automation, such as system integration and web-based technology, are major issues in designing next-generation manufacturing systems (NGMS). Adaptable and integrable devices are crucial for the success of NGMS. In robotic cells the integration of manufacturing components is essential to accelerate system adaptability. Sensors, control architectures and communication technologies have contributed to achieving further agility in reconfigurable factories. In this work a web-based robotic cell integration procedure is proposed to aid the identification of reconfigurable issues and requirements. This methodology is applied to an industrial robot manipulator to enhance system flexibility towards the development of a reconfigurable robotic platform.
Novel 3-D Object Recognition Methodology Employing a Curvature-Based Histogram
Authors: Chen Liang-Chia , Hai Hoang Hong , Nguyen Xuan-Loc , Wu Hsiao-Wen
Published: July 2013

In this paper, a new object recognition algorithm employing a curvature-based histogram is presented. Recognition of three-dimensional (3-D) objects using range images remains one of the most challenging problems in 3-D computer vision due to its noisy and cluttered scene characteristics. The key breakthroughs for this problem mainly lie in defining unique features that distinguish the similarity among various 3-D objects. In our approach, an object detection scheme is developed to identify targets underlining an automated search in the range images using an initial process of object segmentation to subdivide all possible objects in the scenes and then applying a process of object recognition based on geometric constraints and a curvature-based histogram for object recognition. The developed method has been verified through experimental tests for its feasibility confirmation.
Why’s Everybody Always Pickin’ on me? A New Look at Police/Minority Contact
Authors: Werling Robert L. , Cardner Patricia A.
Published: July 2013

Presently there are two explanations for disproportionate minority/police contact: racism and a belief that minorities commit most crimes and there is a need to focus on those communities. This article examines a third possibility that focuses on policing as a social service and minority use of social services in our society. The research examines policing as a social service and compares minority use of other social services with their use of police services. The research also looks at pulling of police into neighborhoods by measuring calls-for-service in various communities; it examines police resource allocation which, as the research indicates, is significantly based on these calls-for-service; and compares minority use of police services with minority utilization of other social services. The research supports the premise that disproportionate minority contact by police is a social phenomenon that is similar to minority over-utilization of other social services.
Endovascular or Microsurgical Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms: Single Center Analysis
Authors: Kim Jin Wook , Seung Won-Bae , Park Yong Seok
Published: July 2013

The objective of this study was to assess effectiveness and outcomes of endovascular versus microsurgical treatment for intracranial aneurysms in single hospital. Methods This was a retrospective study, using data collected during 4 year (between 2008 and 2011) from single hospital(Kosin University Gospel Hospital). A total of 274 treated, intracranial aneurysm cases were evaluated. The measurements used were effectiveness as measured by hospital discharge outcomes: 1) mortality (in-hospital death), 2) clinical outcomes(modified Ranking Scale: mRS). Results Among total of 274 cases, unruptured intracranial aneurysm cases were 132 cases and ruptured cases were 142 cases. Among unruptured 132 cases, 65 cases were treated by microsurgical treatment and 67 cases were treated by endovascular treatment. Among ruptured 142 cases, 61 cases were treated by microsurgical treatment and 81 cases were treated by endovascular treatment. In unruptured cases, there was not any fatal complication and same adverse outcomes (3% versus 3%). In ruptured case, in regards of treatment modality (i.e., endovascular versus microsurgical treatment), each clinical outcomes were as followings; good clinical outcome was 53.1% (43/81) versus 41.0% (25/61), moderate clinical outcome was 13.6% (1/81) versus 9.8% (6/61), severe clinical outcome was 18.5% (15/81) versus 22.9% (29/142) and fatal outcome was 14.8 (12/81) versus 26.2% (16/61). Conclusions This analysis of single hospital data indicates that endovascular therapy is associated with significantly less morbidity, less mortality, compared with conventional microsurgical treatment for all intracranial aneurysms. Endovascular therapy, as a treatment alternative to microsurgical clipping, should be offered as a viable therapeutic option for all patients considering treatment of an intracranial aneurysm.
Laparoscopy-assisted Distal Gastrectomy with Systemic D2 Lymphadenectomy for Gastric Cancer: Usefulness of Noncompliance Rate to Validate the Completion of D2
Authors: Seo Kyung Won , Park Kae Won , Yoon Ki Young
Published: July 2013

Laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) is a common surgical procedure that has recently been accepted as safe and feasible for the treatment of early gastric cancer. There have been many efforts to expand the indications of LADG to include the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of noncompliance rate as an indicator for D2 lymph node dissection (LND) validation in LADG. Methods The subjects were 48 patients who underwent distal gastrectomy with D2 LND at Kosin University Gospel Hospital from October to December 2010. Of them, 28 underwent LADG and 20 underwent open distal gastrectomy (ODG). We compared several factors including noncompliance rate to validate D2 LND. Results There were no significant differences in clinicopathologic factors except for BMI and tumor depth between the two groups. The average number of retrieved lymph nodes was significantly greater in the ODG group (45.9 ± 2.9) than in the LADG group (35.5 ± 2.0). The noncompliance rate was 43% in the LADG group and 40% in the ODG group with no significant difference. Conclusions In terms of no difference of noncompliance rate, LADG with D2 lymph node dissection is a safe, feasible and oncologicallycamparable with open gastrectomy. A large scaled prospective randomized trial should be needed to confirm the benefit of LADG.
Two Cases of Increased Parasympathetic Nerve System in Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea as a Predominant Symptom
Authors: Kang Eui Kyu , Choi Jong Soon
Published: July 2013

The irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder, characterized by abdominal pain, bloating and bowel disturbance. The pathophysiology of IBS is very complicated. Recent studies indicate that the most important mechanisms include visceral hypersensitivity, abnormal gut motility, autonomic nervous system(ANS) dysfunction and disorder of regulation of the brain-gut axis. Patients with IBS frequently present impaired autonomic regulation. Heart rate variability(HRV) is an acknowledged tool for estimating autonomic function. We experienced two cases of increased parasympathetic nervous system by HRV in irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea as a predominant symptom
Treatment of Stent Dislodgement Complicated by Coronary Artery Dissection using Parallel Wire Technique and Small Balloon
Authors: Kim Su Young , Han Seung-Hee , Kim Kyung Han , Kim Moo Hyun , Park Jong Sung
Published: July 2013

Stent dislodgement is a rare complication of complex percutaneous coronary artery intervention and is often associated with significant morbidity. We report a case of stent dislodgement complicated by coronary artery dissection and acute total occlusion of left circumflex coronary artery. Direct expansion of the dislodged stent was performed using parallel wire technique and small balloon. An overlapping stent was implanted for remained coronary artery dissection. Coronary artery flow was restored and ST segment elevation was normalized after successful intervention.
MODEL FOR THE RELIABILITY, AVAILABILITY AND SAFETY OF THE CONTROL CENTERS OF THE VESSEL TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Authors: Ristov Pančo
Published: July 2013

The quality of Vessel Traffic Management and Information Systems depends on the quality of all subsystems, in particular the quality of control centers. The most commonly used quantitative indicators of the control centers' quality are: reliability, availability, safety, and system failure. Therefore, a block diagram of reliability and the model for reliability / availability (Markov model) have been created in this paper and a detailed analysis and calculation of the quantitative indicators of critical components (servers) of the control center have been performed. The quality functioning of the control centers will enable gathering, processing, storing and dissemination of timely, safe, and reliable data and information to the services in charge of monitoring and management of maritime traffic.
Selection of Forklift Unit for Warehouse Operation by Applying Multi-Criteria Analysis
Authors: Atanasković Predrag , Gajić Vladeta , Dadić Ivan , Nikoličić Svetlana
Published: July 2013

This paper presents research related to the choice of the criteria that can be used to perform an optimal selection of the forklift unit for warehouse operation. The analysis has been done with the aim of exploring the requirements and defining relevant criteria that are important when investment decision is made for forklift procurement, and based on the conducted research by applying multi-criteria analysis, to determine the appropriate parameters and their relative weights that form the input data and database for selection of the optimal handling unit. This paper presents an example of choosing the optimal forklift based on the selected criteria for the purpose of making the relevant investment decision.
Application of an Intelligent Fuzzy Regression Algorithm in Road Freight Transportation Modeling
Authors: Najaf Pooya , Famili Sina
Published: July 2013

Road freight transportation between provinces of a country has an important effect on the traffic flow of intercity transportation networks. Therefore, an accurate estimation of the road freight transportation for provinces of a country is so crucial to improve the rural traffic operation in a large scale management. Accordingly, the focused case study database in this research is the information related to Iran’s provinces in the year 2008. Correlation between road freight transportation with variables such as transport cost and distance, population, average household income and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of each province is calculated. Results clarify that the population is the most effective factor in the prediction of provinces’ transported freight. Linear Regression Model (LRM) is calibrated based on the population variable, and afterwards Fuzzy Regression Algorithm (FRA) is generated on the basis of the LRM. The proposed FRA is an intelligent modified algorithm with an accurate prediction and fitting ability. This methodology can be significantly useful in macro-level planning problems where decreasing prediction error values is one of the most important concerns for decision makers. In addition, Back-Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) is developed to evaluate the prediction capability of the models and to be compared with FRA. According to the final results, the modified FRA estimates road freight transportation values more accurately than the BPNN and LRM. Finally, in order to predict the road freight transportation values, the reliability of the calibrated models is analyzed using the information of the year 2009. Results show higher reliability for the proposed modified FRA.
A Harmony Search Algorithm approach for optimizing traffic signal timings
Authors: Dell'Orco Mauro , Baskan Ozgur , Marinelli Mario
Published: July 2013

In this study, a bi-level formulation is presented for solving the Equilibrium Network Design Problem (ENDP). The optimisation of the signal timing has been carried out at the upper-level using the Harmony Search Algorithm (HSA), whilst the traffic assignment has been carried out through the Path Flow Estimator (PFE) at the lower level. The results of HSA have been first compared with those obtained using the Genetic Algorithm, and the Hill Climbing on a two-junction network for a fixed set of link flows. Secondly, the HSA with PFE has been applied to the medium-sized network to show the applicability of the proposed algorithm in solving the ENDP. Additionally, in order to test the sensitivity of perceived travel time error, we have used the HSA with PFE with various level of perceived travel time. The results showed that the proposed method is quite simple and efficient in solving the ENDP.
Study of Alkali-Metal Vapor Diffusion into Glass Materials
Authors: Sato Kiminori
Published: July 2013

To investigate nanodispersion of alkali metals into glass materials, potassium vapor diffusion is conducted using SiO2 glass under well-controlled temperature conditions. It is found that potassium vapor significantly diffuses into the bulk of SiO2 glass with less precipitation on the surface when the host material is kept at a temperature slightly higher than that of the guest material. Positron annihilation spectroscopy reveals that angstrom-scale open spaces in the SiO2 matrix contribute to potassium vapor diffusion. The analysis of potassium concentration obtained by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) mapping with Fick's second law yields an extremely low potassium diffusion coefficient of 5.1×10-14 cm2 s-1, which arises from the overall diffusion from open spaces of various sizes. The diffusion coefficient attributable to angstrom-scale open spaces is thus expected to be less than ∼10-14 cm2 s-1. The present findings imply that angstrom-scale open spaces play an important role in loading alkali metals into glass materials.
Magnetic Nanoparticle Imaging Using Cooled Pickup Coil and Harmonic Signal Detection
Authors: Enpuku Keiji , Morishige Takafumi , Mihaya Takuro , Miyazai Takashi , Matsuo Masaaki , Haku Seki , Yoshida Takashi
Published: July 2013

We developed a highly sensitive measurement system using a Cu pickup coil cooled at 77 K for magnetic nanoparticle imaging. The magnetic field noise of the system was as low as 90 fT/Hz1/2at the resonant frequency of 3 kHz when the pickup coil was connected to a resonant capacitor. We also characterized the magnetic properties of the nanoparticles for use in magnetic nanoparticle imaging. We demonstrated the detection of nanoparticles using the third-harmonic signal generated by the nonlinear magnetization of nanoparticles. An excitation field having a frequency of 1 kHz and amplitude of 1.6 mT was applied to the magnetic particles, and the third harmonic signal at 3 kHz was detected. By separating the signal frequency from that of the excitation field, we could avoid the interference of the excitation field and were able to obtain a clear contour map of the signal field. We could detect 100 µg of magnetic nanoparticles located as far as 100 mm under the pickup coil.
Anomalous Enhancement of In-Diffusion of Plasma-Induced Defects in GaN upon Ultraviolet-Light Irradiation
Authors: Nakamura Seiji , Hoshino Koichi , Ikadai Yuki , Suda Masayuki , Okumura Tsugunori
Published: July 2013

We have shown that UV-light irradiation during plasma process anomalously enhances in-diffusion of the defects deactivating the Si donor in n-GaN. The region where the donor was deactivated by the plasma-induced defects became several times deeper upon the superimposed UV-light irradiation than that in the sample just exposed to plasma emission. It was also found that external light with the below-band-gap energy did not affect the defect in-diffusion, and hence we can suggest that the electron–hole pair generation is essential for the enhancement of defect in-diffusion.
Nanovesicle‐Based Bioelectronic Nose for the Diagnosis of Lung Cancer from Human Blood
Authors: Lim Jong Hyun , Park Juhun , Oh Eun Hae , Ko Hwi Jin , Hong Seunghun , Park Tai Hyun
Published: July 2013

A human nose‐mimetic diagnosis system that can distinguish the odor of a lung cancer biomarker, heptanal, from human blood is presented. Selective recognition of the biomarker is mimicked in the human olfactory system. A specific olfactory receptor recognizing the chemical biomarker is first selected through screening a library of human olfactory receptors (hORs). The selected hOR is expressed on the membrane of human embryonic kidney (HEK)‐293 cells. Nanovesicles containing the hOR on the membrane are produced from these cells, and are then used for the functionalization of single‐walled carbon nanotubes. This strategy allows the development of a sensitive and selective nanovesicle‐based bioelectronic nose (NvBN). The NvBN is able to selectively detect heptanal at a concentration as low as 1 × 10−14 m, a sufficient level to distinguish the blood of a lung cancer patient from the blood of a healthy person. In actual experiments, NvBN could detect an extremely small increase in the amount of heptanal from human blood plasma without any pretreatment processes. This result offers a rapid and easy method to analyze chemical biomarkers from human blood in real‐time and to diagnose lung cancer.
Ordered Mesoporous Materials Based on Interfacial Assembly and Engineering
Authors: Li Wei , Yue Qin , Deng Yonghui , Zhao Dongyuan
Published: July 2013

Ordered mesoporous materials have inspired prominent research interest due to their unique properties and functionalities and potential applications in adsorption, separation, catalysis, sensors, drug delivery, energy conversion and storage, and so on. Thanks to continuous efforts over the past two decades, great achievements have been made in the synthesis and structural characterization of mesoporous materials. In this review, we summarize recent progresses in preparing ordered mesoporous materials from the viewpoint of interfacial assembly and engineering. Five interfacial assembly and synthesis are comprehensively highlighted, including liquid‐solid interfacial assembly, gas‐liquid interfacial assembly, liquid‐liquid interfacial assembly, gas‐solid interfacial synthesis, and solid‐solid interfacial synthesis, basics about their synthesis pathways, princples and interface engineering strategies.
A Hollow‐Core Optical Cavity Built in a Three‐Layer Silicon Photonic Crystal
Authors: Wang Jian , Ouyang Jing , Varghese Leo T. , Fan Li , Xuan Yi , Qi Minghao
Published: July 2013

Hollow‐core (HC) optical microcavities differ from conventional ones in that they can strongly confine light in air. HC cavities simultaneously possessing high air–energy ratios (αair), high quality factors (Q), and small mode volumes (Veff) may enable on‐chip low‐concentration molecular sensing, high optical power delivery or storage, and low‐threshold optical oscillation or lasing when filled with materials of desirable nonlinearities. However, designing and fabricating such cavities has been challenging, especially when using only a small number of layers. Here, the design and fabrication of such an HC cavity in a three‐layer silicon photonic crystal (PhC) is reported. It supports a transverse magnetic (TM) cavity mode with αair ≈ 67% and Q ≈ 1.7 × 105 in the 1550 nm wavelength range. The in‐plane confinement is provided by the 2D photonic bandgap (PBG) of a dielectric rod array, while a pair of capping slabs with air–hole PhC patterns confine light in air in the vertical direction. The cavity allows detection of low‐concentration substances that induce refractive index changes as small as around 8.8 × 10−6. The proposed cavity design and its fabrication provide a new approach to three‐dimensional photonic confinement using a structure consisting of only a few layers.