bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utility of Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression Based on Published Data from 7458 Patients
Authors: Diller Gerhard-Paul , Gerwing Mirjam , Boroni Grazioli Simona , De-Torres-Alba Fernando , Radke Robert M. , Vormbrock Julia , Baumgartner Helmut , Kaleschke Gerrit , Orwat Stefan
Published: January 2024

Background: Coronary CT angiography (CCTA) may detect coronary artery disease (CAD) in transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) patients and may obviate invasive coronary angiography (ICA) in selected patients. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of CCTA for detecting CAD in TAVI patients based on published data. Methods: Meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed based on a comprehensive electronic search, including relevant studies assessing the diagnostic accuracy of CCTA in the setting of TAVI patients compared to ICA. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV), were calculated on a patient and per segment level. Results: Overall, 27 studies (total of 7458 patients) were included. On the patient level, the CCTA’s pooled sensitivity and NPV were 95% (95% CI: 93–97%) and 97% (95% CI: 95–98%), respectively, while the specificity and PPV were at 73% (95% CI: 62–82%) and 64% (95% CI: 57–71%), respectively. On the segmental coronary vessel level, the sensitivity and NPV were 90% (95% CI: 79–96%) and 98% (95% CI: 97–99%). Conclusions: This meta-analysis highlights CCTA’s potential as a first-line diagnostic tool although its limited PPV and specificity may pose challenges when interpreting heavily calcified arteries. This study underscores the need for further research and protocol standardization in this area.
Novel Advances in Qualitative Diagnostic Imaging for Decision Making in Multidisciplinary Treatment for Advanced Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Okazumi Shinichi , Ohira Gaku , Hayano Koichi , Aoyagi Tomoyoshi , Imanishi Shunsuke , Matsubara Hisahiro
Published: January 2024

Background: Recently, neoadjuvant therapy and the succeeding surgery for advanced esophageal cancer have been evaluated. In particular, the response to the therapy has been found to affect surgical outcomes, and thus a precise evaluation of treatment effect is important for this strategy. In this study, articles on qualitative diagnostic modalities to evaluate tumor activities were reviewed, and the diagnostic indices were examined. Methods: For prediction of the effect, perfusion CT and diffusion MRI were estimated. For the histological response evaluation, perfusion CT, diffusion-MRI, and FDG-PET were estimated. For downstaging evaluation of T4, tissue-selective image reconstruction using enhanced CT was estimated and diagnostic indices were reviewed. Results: The prediction of the effect using perfusion CT with ‘pre CRT blood flow’ and diffusion MRI with ‘pre CRT ADC value’; the estimation of the histological response using perfusion CT with ‘post CRT blood flow reduction, using diffusion MRI with ‘post CRT ADC increasing’, and using FDG-PET with ‘post CRT SUV reduction’; and the downstaging evaluation of T4 using CT image reconstruction with ‘fibrous changed layer’ were performed well, respectively. Conclusions: Qualitative imaging modalities for prediction or response evaluation of neoadjuvant therapy for progressive esophageal cancer were useful for the decision making of the treatment strategy of the multidisciplinary treatment.
Effects of Topical Anti-Glaucoma Medications on Outcomes of Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy: Comparison with Age- and Sex-Matched Controls
Authors: Lee Seong Eun , Lim Hyung Bin , Oh Seungjun , Lee Kibum , Lee Sung Bok
Published: January 2024

Background: This study analyzed the effects of topical anti-glaucoma medications on the surgical outcomes of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EDCR) in nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO). Methods: This retrospective study included patients who underwent EDCR for NLDO between September 2012 and April 2021. Thirty patients with topical anti-glaucoma medications and 90 age- and sex-matched controls were included. Results: The success rate of EDCR was higher in the control group than in the anti-glaucoma group (97.8% vs. 86.7%, p = 0.034). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified prostaglandin analogs as the most influential risk factor for EDCR success among anti-glaucoma medication ingredients (p = 0.005). The success rate of the group containing all four anti-glaucoma medication ingredients was statistically significant (p = 0.010). The success rate was significantly different in the group of patients who used anti-glaucoma medication for >24 months (p = 0.019). When multiplying the number of drug ingredients by the duration in months, the group > 69 showed a significantly decreased success rate (p = 0.022). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the number of anti-glaucoma medications as the most significant risk factor for EDCR success (odds ratio, 0.437; 95% confidence interval, 0.247 to 0.772; p = 0.004). Conclusions: The authors suggest that the anti-glaucoma medications might cause NLDO and increase the failure rate after EDCR. Therefore, when performing EDCR in patients using topical anti-glaucoma medications, surgeons should consider the possibility of increased recurrence after EDCR in clinical outcomes.
Face Recognition Characteristics in Patients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration Determined Using a Virtual Reality Headset with Eye Tracking
Authors: Žugelj Nina , Peterlin Lara , Muznik Urša , Klobučar Pia , Jaki Mekjavić Polona , Vidović Valentinčić Nataša , Fakin Ana
Published: January 2024

Background and Objectives: Face recognition is one of the most serious disabilities of patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Our purpose was to study face recognition using a novel method incorporating virtual reality (VR) and eye tracking. Materials and Methods: Eighteen patients with AMD (seven male; median age 83 years; 89% with bilateral advanced AMD) and nineteen healthy controls (five male; median age 68 years) underwent the face recognition test IC FACES (Synthesius, Ljubljna, Slovenia) on a VR headset with built-in eye tracking sensors. Analysis included recognition accuracy, recognition time and fixation patterns. Additionally, a screening test for dementia and imaging with fundus autofluorescence and optical coherence tomography was performed. Results: AMD patients had significantly lower face recognition accuracy (42% vs. 92%; p < 0.001) and longer recognition time (median 4.0 vs. 2.0 s; p < 0.001) in comparison to controls. Both parameters were significantly worse in patients with lower visual acuity. In both groups, eye-tracking data revealed the two classical characteristics of the face recognition process, i.e., fixations clustering mainly in the nose–eyes–mouth triangle and starting observation in the nasal area. Conclusions: The study demonstrates usability of a VR headset with eye tracking for studying visual perception in real-world situations which could be applicable in the design of clinical studies.
Cytomegalovirus and Pregnancy: A Narrative Review
Authors: Pontes Karina Felippe Monezi , Nardozza Luciano Marcondes Machado , Peixoto Alberto Borges , Werner Heron , Tonni Gabriele , Granese Roberta , Araujo Júnior Edward
Published: January 2024

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most common congenital infection worldwide, affecting between 0.7% and 1% of all live births. Approximately 11% of infected newborns are symptomatic at birth, and between 30% and 40% of these are at risk of developing long-term neurological sequelae. Until recently, the lack of an effective treatment did not justify universal testing of pregnant women. In recent years, however, valacyclovir at a dose of 8 g/day has been shown to be effective in preventing vertical transmission, and ganciclovir has been shown to be effective in preventing long-term sequelae in the treatment of symptomatic neonates. The aim of this article is to review congenital CMV infection, from its epidemiology to its treatment, using the most recent studies in the literature, and to help in the decision to modify protocols for universal testing of pregnant women according to the possibilities of each locality.
Array-Designed Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Healthcare Diagnostics: Current Progress and Future Perspectives
Authors: Zhao Zequan , Zhu Qiliang , Wang Yifei , Shoaib Muhammad , Cao Xia , Wang Ning
Published: January 2024

Array-designed triboelectric nanogenerators (AD-TENGs) have firmly established themselves as state-of-the-art technologies for adeptly converting mechanical interactions into electrical signals. Central to the AD-TENG’s prowess is its inherent modularity and the multifaceted, grid-like design that pave the way to robust and adaptable detection platforms for wearables and real-time health monitoring systems. In this review, we aim to elucidate the quintessential role of array design in AD-TENGs for healthcare detection, emphasizing its ability to heighten sensitivity, spatial resolution, and dynamic monitoring while ensuring redundancy and simultaneous multi-detection. We begin from the fundamental aspects, such as working principles and design basis, then venture into methodologies for optimizing AD-TENGs that ensure the capture of intricate physiological changes, from nuanced muscle movements to sensitive electronic skin. After this, our exploration extends to the possible cutting-edge electronic systems that are built with specific advantages in filtering noise, magnifying signal-to-noise ratios, and interpreting complex real-time datasets on the basis of AD-TENGs. Culminating our discourse, we highlight the challenges and prospective pathways in the evolution of array-designed AD-TENGs, stressing the necessity to refine their sensitivity, adaptability, and reliability to perfectly align with the exacting demands of contemporary healthcare diagnostics.
Laser Beam Welding under Vacuum of Hot-Dip Galvanized Constructional Steel
Authors: Frey Christian , Stocks Ole , Olschok Simon , Kühne Ronny , Feldmann Markus , Reisgen Uwe
Published: January 2024

Hot-dip galvanized components offer a great potential for corrosion protection of up to 100 years, while laser beam welding in vacuum (LaVa) has the advantage of high penetration depths Combined, this process chain can be economically used in steel construction of bridges, wind turbines, or other steel constructions. Therefore, investigations of butt joint welding of galvanized 20 mm thick S355M steel plates using LaVa were carried out. The butt joints were prepared under different cutting edges such as flame-cut, sawn, and milled edges, and they were studied with and without the zinc layer in the joint gap. For this purpose, the laser parameters such as the beam power, welding speed, focus position, and working pressure all varied, as did the oscillation parameters. The welds performed using an infinity oscillation with an amplitude of 5 mm represented a pore-free weld up to a zinc layer thickness of 400 µm in the joint gap. The seam undercut increased with increasing the zinc layer thickness in the joint gap, which can be explained by the evaporating zinc and consequently the missing material, since no filler material was used. The joint welds with zinc only on the sheet surface achieved a sufficient weld quality without pores.
On the Wind-Driven Formation of Plankton Patches in Island Wakes
Authors: Kämpf Jochen
Published: January 2024

Using a three-dimensional coupled physical–biological model, this paper explores the effect that short-lived wind events lasting a few days in duration have on the creation of phytoplankton blooms in island wakes. Findings show that wind-induced coastal upwelling creates initial nutrient enrichment and phytoplankton growth near the island, whereas an oscillating flow, typical of island wakes, expels patches of upwelled water, including its nutrient and phytoplankton loads, into the ambient ocean. Dependent on the wind direction, a short-lived wind event can create one or more plankton patches with diameters of the order of the island diameter. Phytoplankton continues to grow within floating patches, each forming an individual marine ecosystem. While the ecological features of island wakes are well documented, this study is the first that describes the significance of short-lived, transient wind-driven upwelling in the process.
Morphological Changes in Storm Hinnamnor and the Numerical Modeling of Overwash
Authors: Hwang Bohyeon , Do Kideok , Chang Sungyeol
Published: January 2024

Constant changes occur in coastal areas over different timescales, requiring observation and modeling. Specifically, modeling morphological changes resulting from short-term events, such as storms, is of great importance in coastal management. Parameter calibration is necessary to achieve more accurate simulations of process-based models that focus on specific locations and event characteristics. In this study, the XBeach depth-averaged model was adopted to simulate subaerial data pre- and post-storms, and overwash phenomena were observed using the data acquired through unmanned aerial vehicles. The parameters used for the model calibration included those proposed in previous studies. However, an emphasis was placed on calibrating the parameters related to sediment transport that were directly associated with overwash and deposition. Specifically, the parameters corresponding to the waveform parameters, wave skewness, and wave asymmetry were either integrated or separated to enable an adequate representation of the deposition resulting from overwash events. The performance and sensitivity of the model to changes in volume were assessed. Overall, the waveform parameters exhibit significant sensitivity to volume changes, forming the basis for calibrating the deposition effects caused by overwashing. These results are expected to assist in the more effective selection and calibration of parameters for simulating sediment deposition due to overwash events.
Experimental Models to Study the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Mucormycosis
Authors: Ben-Ami Ronen
Published: January 2024

Mucormycosis presents a formidable challenge to clinicians and researchers. Animal models are an essential part of the effort to decipher the pathogenesis of mucormycosis and to develop novel pharmacotherapeutics against it. Diverse model systems have been established, using a range of animal hosts, immune and metabolic perturbations, and infection routes. An understanding of the characteristics, strengths, and drawbacks of these models is needed to optimize their use for specific research aims.
Vitamin D—The Iceberg in Endometriosis—Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ursache Alexandra , Lozneanu Ludmila , Bujor Iuliana Elena , Mandici Cristina Elena , Boiculese Lucian Vasile , Bausic Alexandra Irma Gabriela , Grigore Mihaela , Socolov Demetra , Matasariu Daniela Roxana
Published: January 2024

(1) Background: Although vitamin D has many known biological effects, very little research has been conducted on how vitamin D may be related or play a role in endometriosis. The aim of our study was to perform an evaluation regarding vitamin D levels and possible implications in endometriosis through a statistical analysis of the data collected from the included studies. (2) Methods: For this review, we searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, and PubMed/Internet portal of the National Library of Medicine databases using several keywords related to our topic. (3) Results: Only nine articles were identified as complete or possessing the capacity to compute all available data. We totalized a number of 976 patients with endometriosis and 674 controls. From the nine studies included in our analysis, three of them claim there is no difference between women with and without endometriosis concerning 25(OH) vitamin D levels; however, the other six studies found significant differences regarding this aspect. (4) Conclusions: Our results underscored the complexity of analyzing the role of the vitamin D complex in a challenging condition like endometriosis and suggest that focusing on the tissue level might be essential to obtain accurate answers to our inquiries.
Linking the Extended Autonomic System with the Homeostat Theory: New Perspectives about Dysautonomias
Authors: Goldstein David S.
Published: January 2024

Dysautonomias are conditions in which altered functions of one or more components of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) adversely affect health. This essay is about how elucidating mechanisms of dysautonomias may rationalize personalized treatments. Emphasized here are two relatively new ideas—the “extended” autonomic system (EAS) and the “homeostat” theory as applied to the pathophysiology and potential treatments of dysautonomias. The recently promulgated concept of the EAS updates Langley’s ANS to include neuroendocrine, immune/inflammatory, and central components. The homeostat theory builds on Cannon’s theory of homeostasis by proposing the existence of comparators (e.g., a thermostat, glucostat, carbistat, barostat) that receive information about regulated variables (e.g., core temperature, blood glucose, blood gases, delivery of blood to the brain). Homeostats sense discrepancies between the information and response algorithms. The presentation links the EAS with the homeostat theory to understand pathophysiological mechanisms of dysautonomias. Feed-forward anticipatory processes shift input–output curves and maintain plateau levels of regulated variables within different bounds of values—“allostasis”. Sustained allostatic processes increase long-term wear-and-tear on effectors and organs—allostatic load. They decreaseing thresholds for destabilizing and potentially fatal positive feedback loops. The homeostat theory enables mathematical models that define stress, allostasis, and allostatic load. The present discussion applies the EAS and homeostat concepts to specific examples of pediatric, adolescent/adult, and geriatric dysautonomias—familial dysautonomia, chronic orthostatic intolerance, and Lewy body diseases. Computer modeling has the potential to take into account the complexity and dynamics of allostatic processes and may yield testable predictions about individualized treatments and outcomes.
How Semi-Urbanisation Drives Expansion of Rural Construction Land in China: A Rural-Urban Interaction Perspective
Authors: Wang Yang , Zuo Chengchao , Zhu Mengke
Published: January 2024

The expansion of rural construction land in China has led to ecological consequences under the context of rural depopulation, despite government land use controls. While previous studies have investigated the local factors contributing to the expansion of rural construction land, the semi-urbanisation of urban immigrants distant from rural areas has received less attention. To better understand the connections between the semi-urbanisation in the urban areas and the construction land expansion in rural areas, this study constructed a network/spatial lag of N/X (N/SLX) model that incorporated the network lagged term of the socio-economic traits of semi-urbanised migrants to analyse how urban semi-urbanisation influenced rural construction land. Our findings suggest that both the income of rural-urban migrants and the difficulty of obtaining urban household registration are positively correlated with the expanding extent of rural construction land. Conversely, the living expenses of migrants and city economic development are negatively correlated with that of rural construction land. Considering our findings, we propose that policies facilitating the settlement and integration of rural out-migrants into cities and proceeding urbanisation based on county towns are crucial to curb the inefficient expansion of rural construction land.
A Structural Analysis of the Economic Impact of Tourism and the Perspective of Tourism Providers in Kuélap, Peru
Authors: Zavaleta Chavez Arroyo Franklin Omar , Sánchez Pantaleón Alex Javier , Aldea Roman Carlos Enrique , Esparza-Huamanchumo Rosse Marie , Álvarez-García José
Published: January 2024

Tourism boosts the regional economy and encompasses various sectors that determine its potential, promoting economic, environmental and social development by generating the creation of small and medium-sized enterprises and employment, thus improving people’s quality of life. In this context, an analysis of the structural changes in the number of visitors to the Kuélap archaeological site in the region of Amazonas, Peru was conducted. The closure of the Kuélap Monumental Archaeological Zone was selected as the object of analysis since the Kuélap archaeological site constitutes the most prominent tourist resource in the department of Amazonas and is the main attraction for tourists to visit. This study was carried out by using an analytical and descriptive approach, with a non-experimental longitudinal and cross-sectional design. Data from the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Tourism (MINCETUR) were used, and the perspective of tourism providers by means of a survey applied to a sample of 83 entrepreneurs in Chachapoyas, Tingo and La Malca was analysed. The results show that the implementation of cable cars in Kuélap has had a positive impact of 54% on sales and employment, while the COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact of 81%. On the other hand, the closure of the archaeological site has had a negative impact of 52%. Any negative impact on the Kuélap archaeological site resulted in a slowdown in the regional economy. In conclusion, from the point of view of visitor records and the perspective of tourism providers regarding structural changes, social impact is reflected in different economic sectors and, therefore, in the development of the local and regional economy. It is essential to consider these aspects when making decisions and developing strategies to promote tourism in the region in order to improve the quality of life of its residents (social, economic and cultural well-being).
Spatial Optimization and Temporal Changes in the Ecological Network: A Case Study of Wanning City, China
Authors: Zou Shisi , Fan Rong , Gong Jian
Published: January 2024

Ecological networks serve as vital tools for safeguarding biodiversity and ensuring regional ecological stability. This study, conducted in Wanning City, employs minimum-area threshold analysis to pinpoint crucial ecological sources while extracting potential ecological corridors using the minimum cumulative resistance model. Our investigation delves into the ecological network’s elements and structural transformations within Wanning City, spanning the period from 2000 to 2020, and assesses the priorities for ecological network preservation. The findings of our research reveal noteworthy spatial disparities in the distribution of ecological sources across Wanning City. Furthermore, the ecological corridors display sparse patterns in the north and denser patterns in the south. Over the two decades from 2000 to 2020, Wanning’s ecological resources exhibited a discernible trend of contraction and fragmentation, accompanied by an uneven spatial distribution. The average path length of the ecological corridors has increased, indicative of reduced biological flow efficiency. Correspondingly, the structural accessibility of the ecological network has decreased, signifying a decline in landscape connectivity. Based on our analysis, we propose an ecological protection and restoration framework denoted as “One Belt, Four Sources, Eight districts, multiple corridors, and multiple points”. Therefore, with the Shangxi–Jianling, Liulianling, Nanlin, and Jiexin nature reserves as the core area, and Houan Town, Damao Town, Changfeng Town, and Liji Town as the key restoration areas, we have proposed an ecological protection and restoration pattern.
After Self-Imitation Prosodic Training L2 Learners Converge Prosodically to the Native Speakers
Authors: Pellegrino Elisa
Published: January 2024

Little attention is paid to prosody in second language (L2) instruction, but computer-assisted pronunciation training (CAPT) offers learners solutions to improve the perception and production of L2 suprasegmentals. In this study, we extend with acoustic analysis a previous research showing the effectiveness of self-imitation training on prosodic improvements of Japanese learners of Italian. In light of the increased degree of correct match between intended and perceived pragmatic functions (e.g., speech acts), in this study, we aimed at quantifying the degree of prosodic convergence towards L1 Italian speakers used as a model for self-imitation training. To measure convergence, we calculated the difference in duration, F0 mean, and F0 max syllable-wise between L1 utterances and the corresponding L2 utterances produced before and after training. The results showed that after self-imitation training, L2 learners converged to the L1 speakers. The extent of the effect, however, varied based on the speech act, the acoustic measure, and the distance between L1 and L2 speakers before the training. The findings from perceptual and acoustic investigations, taken together, show the potential of self-imitation prosodic training as a valuable tool to help L2 learners communicate more effectively.
Effects of Prolactin on Brain Neurons under Hypoxia
Authors: Tani Naoto , Ikeda Tomoya , Ishikawa Takaki
Published: January 2024

The levels and potential role of prolactin (PRL) in the brain under conditions of acute systemic hypoxia were examined, focusing on the accumulation of PRL in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and its effects on neuronal activity and injury. The amount of PRL in the brain was investigated using brain tissues from forensic autopsy cases. We counted the number of neurites that formed in human primary neurons (HNs) after the addition of PRL. Furthermore, HNs supplemented with PRL or triiodothyronine (T3) were exposed to hypoxic conditions, and the dead cells were counted. The results showed correlations between brain PRL and CSF PRL levels. Additionally, PRL accumulation in the brain was observed in cases of asphyxia. In vitro experimental findings indicated increased neurite formation in the HNs treated with PRL. Moreover, both PRL and T3 demonstrated neuroprotective effects against hypoxia-induced neuronal cell death, with PRL showing stronger neuroprotective potential than T3. These results suggest that PRL accumulates in the brain during hypoxia, potentially influences neuronal activity, and exhibits neuroprotective properties against hypoxia-induced neuronal injury.
Gut Microbiota Is Not Essential for Survival and Development in Blattella germanica, but Affects Uric Acid Storage
Authors: Domínguez-Santos Rebeca , Baixeras Joaquín , Moya Andrés , Latorre Amparo , Gil Rosario , García-Ferris Carlos
Published: January 2024

Cockroaches harbor two coexisting symbiotic systems: the obligate endosymbiont Blattabacterium cuenotii, and a complex gut microbiota. Blattabacterium is the only bacterium present in the eggs, as the gut microbiota is acquired by horizontal transmission after hatching, mostly through coprophagy. Blattella germanica, a cosmopolitan omnivorous cockroach living in intimate association with humans, is an appropriate model system for studying whether the gut microbiota is essential for the cockroach’s survival, development, or welfare. We obtained a germ-free cockroach population (i.e., containing normal amounts of the endosymbiont, but free of microbes on the insects’ surface and digestive tract). Non-significant differences with the controls were detected in most fitness parameters analyzed, except for a slight shortening in the hatching time of the second generation and a reduction in female weight at 10 days after adult ecdysis. The latter is accompanied by a decrease in uric acid reserves. This starvation-like phenotype of germ-free B. germanica suggests that the microbiota is not essential in this species for survival and development throughout its complete life cycle, but it could participate in complementation of host nutrition by helping with food digestion and nutrient absorption.
Cutaneous Hyalohyphomycosis and Its Atypical Clinical Presentations in Immunosuppressed Patients
Authors: Ferara Nikola , Špoljar Sanja , Lugović-Mihić Liborija , Gverić Grginić Ana , Rezo Vranješ Violeta , Bešlić Iva , Perović Judita , Regović Džombeta Tihana
Published: January 2024

There has been a substantial increase in the number of cases of invasive fungal infections worldwide, which is associated with a growing number of immunosuppressed patients and a rise in antifungal resistance. Some fungi that were previously considered harmless to humans have become emerging pathogens. One of them is Purpureocillium lilacinum, a ubiquitous filamentous fungus commonly found in the environment, especially in the air and soil. P. lilacinum belongs to a bigger group of hyaline fungi that cause hyalohyphomycosis, a fungal infection caused by fungi with colorless hyphae. Although this is a heterogeneous group of fungi, there are similarities regarding their ubiquity, ways of transmission, affected patients, and difficulties in diagnostics and treatment. In hyalohyphomycosis, the skin is one of the most affected organs, which is why the involvement of dermatologists is crucial for the initial assessment, since the timely recognition and early diagnosis of this condition can prevent life-threatening infections and death. In this review, we covered cutaneous hyalohyphomycosis caused by P. lilacinum and other fungi in the same group, including Fusarium, Penicilium, Scedosporium, Scopulariopsis, Acremonium, and Trichoderma genera.
Nutlin-3 Loaded Ethosomes and Transethosomes to Prevent UV-Associated Skin Damage
Authors: Esposito Elisabetta , Ferrara Francesca , Drechsler Markus , Bortolini Olga , Ragno Daniele , Toldo Sofia , Bondi Agnese , Pecorelli Alessandra , Voltan Rebecca , Secchiero Paola , Zauli Giorgio , Valacchi Giuseppe
Published: January 2024

The skin’s protective mechanisms, in some cases, are not able to counteract the destructive effects induced by UV radiations, resulting in dermatological diseases, as well as skin aging. Nutlin-3, a potent drug with antiproliferative activity in keratinocytes, can block UV-induced apoptosis by activation of p53. In the present investigation, ethosomes and transethosomes were designed as delivery systems for nutlin-3, with the aim to protect the skin against UV damage. Vesicle size distribution was evaluated by photon correlation spectroscopy and morphology was investigated by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, while nutlin-3 entrapment capacity was evaluated by ultrafiltration and HPLC. The in vitro diffusion kinetic of nutlin-3 from ethosomes and transethosomes was studied by Franz cell. Moreover, the efficiency of ethosomes and transethosomes in delivering nutlin-3 and its protective role were evaluated in ex vivo skin explants exposed to UV radiations. The results indicate that ethosomes and transethosomes efficaciously entrapped nutlin-3 (0.3% w/w). The ethosome vesicles were spherical and oligolamellar, with a 224 nm mean diameter, while in transethosome the presence of polysorbate 80 resulted in unilamellar vesicles with a 146 nm mean diameter. The fastest nutlin-3 kinetic was detected in the case of transethosomes, with permeability coefficients 7.4-fold higher, with respect to ethosomes and diffusion values 250-fold higher, with respect to the drug in solution. Ex vivo data suggest a better efficacy of transethosomes to promote nutlin-3 delivery within the skin, with respect to ethosomes. Indeed, nutlin-3 loaded transethosomes could prevent UV effect on cutaneous metalloproteinase activation and cell proliferative response.
Possible Molecular Mechanisms of Hypertension Induced by Sleep Apnea Syndrome/Intermittent Hypoxia
Authors: Takeda Yoshinori , Kimura Fuminori , Takasawa Shin
Published: January 2024

Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is a central characteristic of sleep apnea syndrome (SAS), and it subjects cells in the body to repetitive apnea, chronic hypoxia, oxygen desaturation, and hypercapnia. Since SAS is linked to various serious cardiovascular complications, especially hypertension, many studies have been conducted to elucidate the mechanism of hypertension induced by SAS/IH. Hypertension in SAS is associated with numerous cardiovascular disorders. As hypertension is the most common complication of SAS, cell and animal models to study SAS/IH have developed and provided lots of hints for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of hypertension induced by IH. However, the detailed mechanisms are obscure and under investigation. This review outlines the molecular mechanisms of hypertension in IH, which include the regulation systems of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that activate the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) and catecholamine biosynthesis in the sympathetic nervous system, resulting in hypertension. And hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), Endotheline 1 (ET-1), and inflammatory factors are also mentioned. In addition, we will discuss the influences of SAS/IH in cardiovascular dysfunction and the relationship of microRNA (miRNA)s to regulate the key molecules in each mechanism, which has become more apparent in recent years. These findings provide insight into the pathogenesis of SAS and help in the development of future treatments.
Effect of Silica Xerogel Functionalization on Intensification of Rindera graeca Transgenic Roots Proliferation and Boosting Naphthoquinone Production
Authors: Wierzchowski Kamil , Nowak Bartosz , Kawka Mateusz , Sykłowska-Baranek Katarzyna , Pilarek Maciej
Published: January 2024

Secondary metabolites derived from plants are recognized as valuable products with several successful applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. The major limitation to the broader implementation of these compounds is their low manufacturing efficiency. Current efforts to overcome unprofitability depend mainly on biotechnological methods, especially through the application of plant in vitro cultures. This concept allows unprecedented bioengineering opportunities for culture system modifications with in situ product removal. The silica-based xerogels can be used as a novel, porous biomaterial characterized by a large surface area and high affinity to lipophilic secondary metabolites produced by plant tissue. This study aimed to investigate the influence of xerogel-based biomaterials functionalized with methyl, hydroxyl, carboxylic, and amine groups on Rindera graeca transgenic root growth and the production of naphthoquinone derivatives. The application of xerogel-based scaffolds functionalized with the methyl group resulted in more than 1.5 times higher biomass proliferation than for reference untreated culture. The naphthoquinone derivatives’ production was noted exclusively in culture systems supplemented with xerogel functionalized with methyl and hydroxyl groups. Applying chemically functionalized xerogels as in situ adsorbents allowed for the enhanced growth and productivity of in vitro cultured R. graeca transgenic roots, facilitating product isolation due to their selective and efficient accumulation.
Heat Pre-Treatment Modified Host and Non-Host Interactions of Powdery Mildew with Barley Brassinosteroid Mutants and Wild Types
Authors: Rys Magdalena , Saja-Garbarz Diana , Fodor József , Oliwa Jakub , Gullner Gábor , Juhász Csilla , Kornaś Andrzej , Skoczowski Andrzej , Gruszka Damian , Janeczko Anna , Barna Balázs
Published: January 2024

High temperatures associated with climate change may increase the severity of plant diseases. This study investigated the effect of heat shock treatment on host and non-host barley powdery mildew interactions using brassinosteroid (BR) mutants of barley. Brassinosteroids are plant steroid hormones, but so far little is known about their role in plant-fungal interactions. Wild type barley cultivar Bowman and its near-isogenic lines with disturbances in BR biosynthesis or signalling showed high compatibility to barley powdery mildew race A6, while cultivar Delisa and its BR-deficient mutants 522DK and 527DK were fully incompatible with this pathogen (host plant-pathogen interactions). On the other hand, Bowman and its mutants were highly resistant to wheat powdery mildew, representing non-host plant-pathogen interactions. Heat pre-treatment induced shifts in these plant-pathogen interactions towards higher susceptibility. In agreement with the more severe disease symptoms, light microscopy showed a decrease in papillae formation and hypersensitive response, characteristic of incompatible interactions, when heat pre-treatment was applied. Mutant 527DK, but not 522DK, maintained high resistance to barley powdery mildew race A6 despite heat pre-treatment. By 10 days after heat treatment and infection, a noticeable shift became apparent in the chlorophyll a fluorescence and in various leaf reflectance parameters at all genotypes.
Analysis of TRIP Steel HCT690 Deformation Behaviour for Prediction of the Deformation Process and Spring-Back of the Material via Numerical Simulation
Authors: Koreček David , Solfronk Pavel , Sobotka Jiří
Published: January 2024

This paper deals with the analysis of TRIP steel HCT690 deformation behaviour. The mechanical properties and deformation characteristics of the tested material are determined using selected material tests and tests that consider the required stress states used to define the yield criterion boundary condition and subsequent deformation behaviour in the region of severe plastic deformation. The measured data are subsequently implemented in the numerical simulation of sheet metal forming, where they are used as input data for the computational process in the form of a selected material model defining the yield criterion boundary and, furthermore, the material hardening law during deformation of the material. The chosen numerical simulation process corresponds to the sheet metal forming process, including the subsequent spring-back of the material, when the force does not affect the material. Furthermore, the influence of the chosen computational model and selected process parameters on the deformation and spring-back process of the material is evaluated. In addition to that, at the end of the paper, the results from the numerical simulation are compared with experimentally produced sheet stamping.
Advanced Self-Cleaning Surfaces
Authors: Antonini Carlo , D’Arienzo Massimiliano , Ferrari Michele , Diamanti Maria Vittoria
Published: January 2024

Hydrophobicity, olephobicity, hemophobicity, amphiphobicity, omniphobicity, icephobicity [...]
Development of a Binderless Particleboard from Brown Seaweed Sargassum spp.
Authors: Bauta Jérôme , Vaca-Medina Guadalupe , Delgado Raynaud Christine , Simon Valérie , Vandenbossche Virginie , Rouilly Antoine
Published: January 2024

Since 2010, huge quantities of Sargassum spp. algae have been proliferating in the Atlantic Ocean and stranding on Caribbean beaches, causing major economic, environmental, and health problems. In this study, an innovative high-density binderless particleboard was developed using uniaxial thermo-compression coupled with a cooling system. The raw material consisted of ground Sargassum seaweeds pre-treated by twin-screw extrusion with water to remove sea salt. The raw material and the particleboards were produced by using various analytical techniques such as Dynamic Vapor Sorption (DVS), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), or Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The experimental conditions for thermo-compression (temperature, pressure, time) were evaluated. The best thermo-compression conditions tested were 200 °C, 40 MPa pressure for 7.5 min. This resulted in a particleboard with high density (up to 1.63 ± 0.02 g/cm3) and high flexural strength/modulus (up to 32.3 ± 1.8 MPa/6.8 ± 0.2 GPa, respectively), but a low water contact angle of 38.9° ± 3.5°. Thermal analyses revealed the effect of alginates on the mechanical properties of particleboards. This work opens the door to a new way of adding value to Sargassum seaweed, using the whole algae with minimal pre-treatment.
Biodegradable Nanocomposites Based on Blends of Poly(Butylene Adipate–Co–Terephthalate) (PBAT) and Thermoplastic Starch Filled with Montmorillonite (MMT): Physico-Mechanical Properties
Authors: Peidayesh Hamed , Ondriš Leoš , Saparová Simona , Kovaľaková Mária , Fričová Oľga , Chodák Ivan
Published: January 2024

Poly(butylene adipate–co–terephthalate) (PBAT) is widely used for production of biodegradable films due to its high elongation, excellent flexibility, and good processability properties. An effective way to develop more accessible PBAT-based bioplastics for wide application in packaging is blending of PBAT with thermoplastic starch (TPS) since PBAT is costly with prices approximately double or even triple the prices of traditional plastics like polyethylene. This study is focused on investigating the influence of TPS/PBAT blend ratio and montmorillonite (MMT) content on the physical and mechanical properties and molecular mobility of TPS–MMT/PBAT nanocomposites. Obtained TPS–MMT/PBAT nanocomposites through the melt blending process were characterized using tensile testing, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), as well as solid-state 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Mechanical properties demonstrated that the addition of TPS to PBAT leads to a substantial decrease in the tensile strength as well as in the elongation at break, while Young’s modulus is rising substantially, while the effect of the MMT addition is almost negligible on the tensile stress of the blends. DMTA results confirmed the formation of TPS domains in the PBAT matrix. With increasing TPS content, mobility of starch-rich regions of TPS domains slightly increases. However, molecular mobility in glycerol-rich regions of TPS domains in the blends was slightly restricted. Moreover, the data obtained from 13C CP/MAS NMR spectra indicated that the presence of TPS in the sample decreases the mobility of the PBAT chains, mainly those located at the TPS/PBAT interfaces.
Characterization of Bulgarian Copper Mine Tailing as a Precursor for Obtaining Geopolymers
Authors: Ilieva Darya , Angelova Lyudmila , Radoykova Temenuzhka , Surleva Andriana , Chernev Georgi , Vizureanu Petrica , Burduhos-Nergis Dumitru , Sandu Andrei
Published: January 2024

Valorization of high-volume mine tailings could be achieved by the development of new geopolymers with a low CO2 footprint. Materials rich in aluminum and silicon with appropriate solubility in an alkaline medium can be used to obtain a geopolymer. This paper presents a study of copper mine tailings from Bulgaria as precursors for geopolymers. Particle size distribution, chemical and mineralogical composition, as well as alkaline reactivity, acidity and electroconductivity of aqueous slurry are studied. The heavy metal content and their mobility are studied by leaching tests. Sequential extraction was applied to determine the geochemical phase distribution of heavy metals. The studied samples were characterized by high alkalinity, which could favor the geopolymerization process. The water-soluble sulphates were less than 4%. The Si/Al ratio in mine tailing was found to be 3. The alkaline reactivity depended more so on the time of extraction than on the concentration of NaOH solution. The main part of the heavy metals was found in the residual fraction; hence, in high alkaline medium during the geopolymerization process, they will stay fixed. Thus, the obtained geopolymers could be expected to exert low environmental impact. The presented results revealed that studied copper mine tailing is a suitable precursor for geopolymerization.
Study on the Bonding Performance of BFRP Bars with Seawater Sand Concrete
Authors: Guan Guohao , Wang Xuezhi , Xin Ming , Sun Chuanwu , Zhang Qingqing , He Jingjing
Published: January 2024

A total of 66 sets of pullout specimens were prepared to investigate the bonding properties of basalt fiber-reinforced polymer reinforcement (hereinafter referred to as BFRP) with seawater sand concrete (hereinafter referred to as SSC). The volume dosages of mono-doped glass fibers and mono-doped polypropylene fibers were 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%; the total volume dosage was set to be constant at 0.3%; and the doping ratios of the hybrid fibers were 1:2, 1:1, and 2:1. The effect on the bonding performance of BFRP reinforcement with SSC was studied on the condition of the diameter D of the BFRP reinforcement being 12 mm; the bond length of SSC being 3D, 5D, and 7D; and the surface characteristics of the reinforcement being sandblasted and threaded. The research showed that due to internal cracks in the matrix, salt crystals in the pores, chloride salts with high brittleness and expansion, as well as sulfate corrosion products such as “Frederick salts” in SSC, the concrete became brittle, resulting in more brittle splitting failures during the pullout test. Doped fibers can increase the ductility effect of concrete, but the bonding effect between the threaded fiber reinforcement and the SSC was not as good as that of the sandblasting group. When the bond length was 5D, the bonding effect between the BFRP reinforcement and SSC was the best, and the bonding performance of the experimental group with doped fibers was better than that of the threaded group. Finally, by combining the ascending segment of the Malvar model with the descending segment of the improved BPE model, a constitutive relationship model suitable for the bond–slip curve between BFRP reinforcement and SSC was fitted, which laid a theoretical foundation for future research on SSC.
Experimental Use Validation of the Master Hybrid Haptic Device Dedicated to Remote Center-of-Motion Tasks
Authors: Meskini Majdi , Trabelsi Amir , Saafi Houssem , Mlika Abdelfattah , Arsicault Marc , Sandoval Juan , Zeghloul Saïd , Laribi Med Amine
Published: January 2024

The main objective of this paper is to discuss the experimental validation of a tele-operation system for remote center-of-motion tasks, such as laparoscopic surgery. This validation is based on the use of an extra sensor placed on the master manipulator. The tele-operation system is composed of a new hybrid haptic device (nHH) intended to be used as a master manipulator controlling a collaborative robot, used as a slave surgical robot. The resolution of the forward kinematic model (FKM) of the master device is performed experimentally thanks to the use of an extra sensor. The IMU, as the extra sensor, is installed on the serial part of the nHH device to measure the orientation and is enabled to solve the FKM of the parallel part of the nHH device. The use of an extra sensor reduces the calculation time, improves the accuracy of the KFM, and makes it suitable for real-time applications. The preliminary validation of the force feedback in the nHH workspace is validated. Experiments were conducted on the master–slave platform to validate the proposed approach. The results are promising, which proves that the nHH device presents a suitable performance for the desired task.