bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of W on the Mechanical Properties and Tribological Behavior of CoCrFeNiWx Compositionally Complex Alloy
Authors: Huang Zhikun , Li Zongyuan , Cheng Zhuo , Zhu Mingyu , Zhu Weiwei , Wang Xiaofei , Wan Tian , Ren Fuzeng
Published: February 2024

Introducing the hard second phase into soft matrix and reducing the grain size are key strategies to enhance the strength and wear performance of metallic alloys. Herein, to investigate the effect of hard second phase on the mechanical properties and tribological behavior of face‐centered‐cubic (FCC) CoCrFeNi compositionally complex alloy (CCA), a series of ultrafine‐grained CoCrFeNiWx (x = 0, 0.3, 0.5, and 1.0) CCAs with varying W contents are fabricated. The results show that the single FCC CCA transforms to the dual phase of FCC and μ phase after addition of W. With increasing W content, the hardness and yield strength show a linear increase due to the additional solid solution strengthening and secondary phase strengthening, but the fracture strain shows an opposite trend. Dry sliding wear tests show that both coefficients of friction and wear rates decrease with the W content. The wear mode changes from abrasive wear for CoCrFeNi CCA to multiple wear modes of abrasive wear, oxidative wear, and fatigue wear for W‐containing CCAs. These results suggest that adding W into the FCC CCA matrix could strengthen the FCC alloy and simultaneously improve wear performance.
“Three‐in‐one”: A Photoactivable Nanoplatform Evokes Anti‐Immune Response by Inhibiting BRD4‐cMYC‐PDL1 Axis to Intensify Photo‐Immunotherapy
Authors: Mohanty Ayeskanta , Lee Mingyu , Mohapatra Adityanarayan , Lee Hwangjae , Vasukutty Arathy , Baek Seonguk , Lee Jae Young , Park In‐Kyu
Published: February 2024

Combinatorial immuno‐cancer therapy is recognized as a promising approach for efficiently treating malignant tumors. Yet, the development of multifunctional nanomedicine capable of precise tumor targeting, remote activation, and immune‐regulating drug delivery remains a significant challenge. In this study, nanoparticles loaded with an immune checkpoint inhibitor (JQ‐1) using polypyrrole/hyaluronic acid (PPyHA/JQ‐1) are developed. These nanoparticles offer active tumor targeting, photothermal tumor ablation using near‐infrared light, and laser‐controlled JQ‐1 release for efficient breast cancer treatment. When the molecular weight of HA varies (from 6.8 kDa to 3 MDa) in the PPyHA nanoparticles, it is found that the nanoparticles synthesized using 1 MDa HA, referred to as PPyHA (1 m), show the most suitable properties, including small hydrodynamic size, high surface HA contents, and colloidal stability. Upon 808 nm laser irradiation, PPyHA/JQ‐1 elevates the temperature above 55 °C, which is sufficient for thermal ablation and active release of JQ‐1 in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Notably, the controlled release of JQ‐1 substantially inhibits the expression of cancer‐promoting genes. Furthermore, PPyHA/JQ‐1 effectively suppresses the expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) and prolongs dendritic cell maturation and CD8+ T cell activation against the tumor both in vitro and in vivo. PPyHA/JQ‐1 treatment simultaneously provides a significant tumor regression through photothermal therapy and immune checkpoint blockade, leading to a durable antitumor‐immune response. Overall, “Three‐in‐one” immunotherapeutic photo‐activable nanoparticles have the potential to be beneficial for a targeted combinatorial treatment approach for TNBC.
Anti‐Wound Dehiscence and Antibacterial Dressing with Highly Efficient Self‐Healing Feature for Guided Bone Regeneration Wound Closure
Authors: Xue Shenghao , Tang Ning , Zhou Cheng , Fang Shuobo , Haick Hossam , Sun Jiao , Wu Xueying
Published: February 2024

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a well‐established technique for preserving and enhancing alveolar ridge structures. Success in GBR relies on fulfilling the Primary wound closure, Angiogenesis, Space maintenance, and Stability (PASS) principles. Conventional methods, involving titanium meshes and sutures, have drawbacks, including the need for secondary removal and customization challenges. To address these issues, an innovative multifunctional GBR dressing (MGD) based on self‐healing elastomer (PUIDS) is introduced. MGD provides sutureless wound closure, prevents food particle accumulation, and maintains a stable environment for bone growth. It offers biocompatibility, bactericidal properties, and effectiveness in an oral GBR model. In summary, MGD provides a reliable, stable osteogenic environment for GBR, aligning with PASS principles and promoting superior post‐surgery bone regeneration.
Active Anchoring Stimuli‐Responsive Nano‐Craft to Relieve Pulmonary Vasoconstriction by Targeting Smooth Muscle Cell for Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension Treatment
Authors: Li Mingxing , Shang Xuwei , Lou Haiya , Wang Zixu , Xiang Shanshan , Qiu Yihe , Hu Fuqiang , Yu Fangying , Yuan Hong
Published: February 2024

Recently, nanotechnology‐based drug delivery platforms in treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have gradually emerged. However, large mechanical stress and shear stress in blood vessels greatly affect the retention of nanopreparative materials at lesion sites, severely limiting nanotechnology‐based drug delivery. Herein, a stimuli‐responsive nanocraft is rationally designed by actively anchoring E‐selectin overexpressed on pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs), under hypoxic conditions, allowing effective accumulation and retention of the drug at the lesion site. Briefly, a nitrobenzene group is incorporated into the framework of a nanocarrier, and then it is simultaneously linked with chitosan. Additionally, the surface of the nanocarrier with sialic acid (SA) and encapsulated the clinically used drug ambrisentan (Am), which enables the anchoring of E‐selectin and subsequent drug delivery is modifed. This system facilitates intercellular transport to pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) when targeting PAECs and specifically responds to a reductive hypoxic microenvironment with elevated nitroreductase in PASMCs. Moreover, compared with free Am, nanoencapsulation and SA‐PEG2000‐NH2 prolong the blood circulation time, achieving better therapeutic outcomes in preventing vascular remodeling and reversing systolic dysfunction. The originality and contribution of this work reveal the promising value of this pulmonary arterial anchoring stimuli‐responsive nanocraft as a novel therapeutic strategy for satisfactory PAH treatment.
Double‐Layer Asymmetric Porous Mesh with Dynamic Mechanical Support Properties Enables Efficient Single‐Stage Repair of Contaminated Abdominal Wall Defect
Authors: Tang Fuxin , Miao Dongtian , Huang Rongkang , Zheng Bingna , Yu Yang , Ma Pengwei , Peng Binying , Li Yong , Wang Hui , Wu Dingcai
Published: February 2024

Contamination tolerance and long‐term mechanical support are the two critical properties of meshes for contaminated abdominal wall defect repair. However, biological meshes with excellent pollution tolerance fail to provide bio‐adaptive long‐term mechanical support due to their rapid degradation. Here, a novel double‐layer asymmetric porous mesh (SIS/PVA‐EXO) is designed by simple and efficient in situ freeze–thaw of sticky polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution on the loosely porous surface of small intestinal submucosal decellularized matrix (SIS), which can successfully repair the contaminated abdominal wall defect with bio‐adaptive dynamic mechanical support through only single‐stage surgery. The exosome‐loaded degradable loosely porous SIS layer accelerates the tissue healing; meanwhile, the exosome‐loaded densely porous PVA layer can maintain long‐term mechanical support without any abdominal adhesion. In addition, the tensile strength and strain at break of SIS/PVA‐EXO mesh change gradually from 0.37 MPa and 210% to 0.10 MPa and 385% with the degradation of SIS layer. This unique performance can dynamically adapt to the variable mechanical demands during different periods of contaminated abdominal wall reconstruction. As a result, this SIS/PVA‐EXO mesh shows an attractive prospect in the treatment of contaminated abdominal wall defect without recurrence by integrating local immune regulation, tissue remodeling, and dynamic mechanical supporting.
Unexpected Energy Applications of Ionic Liquids
Authors: Matuszek Karolina , Piper Samantha L. , Brzęczek‐Szafran Alina , Roy Binayak , Saher Saliha , Pringle Jennifer M. , MacFarlane Douglas R.
Published: February 2024

Ionic liquids and their various analogues are without doubt the scientific sensation of the last few decades, paving the way to a more sustainable society. Their versatile suite of properties, originating from an almost inconceivably large number of possible cation and anion combinations, allows tuning of the structure to serve a desired purpose. Ionic liquids hence offer a myriad of useful applications from solvents to catalysts, through to lubricants, gas absorbers, and azeotrope breakers. The purpose of this review is to explore the more unexpected of these applications, particularly in the energy space. It guides the reader through the application of ionic liquids and their analogues as i) phase change materials for thermal energy storage, ii) organic ionic plastic crystals, which have been studied as battery electrolytes and in gas separation, iii) key components in the nitrogen reduction reaction for sustainable ammonia generation, iv) as electrolytes in aluminum‐ion batteries, and v) in other emerging technologies. It is concluded that there is tremendous scope for further optimizing and tuning of the ionic liquid in its task, subject to sustainability imperatives in line with current global priorities, assisted by artificial intelligence.
Optical Crosstalk Suppression in High‐Resolution Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Zheng Yueting , Lin Lihua , Hu Hailong , Guo Tailiang , Li Fushan
Published: February 2024

High‐resolution (HR) displays are in much demand as metaverse makes near‐eye displays the most important equipment in recent years. Based on wave optics, a microscale optical crosstalk model for HR display devices is proposed. It is indicated that the pixel pattern will be distorted over long‐distance transmission in light‐emitting devices with inner periodic microstructure, and the optical distortion is related to the size of pixels and the distance from the emitting layer to the outlet. A bottom emissive HR red quantum dot light‐emitting diode (QLED) array is introduced to confirm the model and a top emission scheme is provided to effectively reduce the transmission distance and suppress the pixel distortion. Optical‐crosstalk‐free pixels are finally achieved by adopting the optimized top‐emission cathode thickness of 30 nm. This study provides a direction for realizing high‐quality and high‐resolution micro‐displays.
Full‐Spectral Response Perovskite Solar Cells Through Integration of MXene Modified Near‐Infrared Organic Heterojunction and Waveguide‐Structure Quantum‐Cutting Down‐Converter
Authors: Shi Zhichong , Zhou Donglei , Zhuang Xinmeng , Xu Wen , Liu Shuainan , Liao Yuqing , Jia Pingye , Pan Gencai , Liu Wei , Zhu Jichun , Song Hongwei
Published: February 2024

To date, lead‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are optimized to the extreme and achieved an efficiency of as much as 26.1%. Expanding the spectral response is one of the most effective methods for achieving further efficiency breakthroughs. In this study, integrated PSCs are constructed by combining near‐infrared (NIR) organic bulk heterojunctions (BHJs) with perovskite layers to broaden the NIR spectral response range. Ultraviolet (UV)‐plasma‐treated MXene Nb2CTx ‐ quantum dots (QDs) are introduced to promote exciton dissociation inside the BHJ and to solve the problems of severe nonradiative exciton recombination and open‐circuit voltage (Voc) loss in IPSCs. In addition, CsPbCl3:Yb(7%),Li(2%) QDs with quantum‐cutting emission and photoluminescence quantum yield of up to 170% act as down‐converters to enhance the utilization of UV light. MgF2 is deposited on the quantum‐cutting layer to construct a waveguide‐structured anti‐reflection layer and further increase UV photon utilization. The champion device achieves superior photoelectric performance with a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 24.3%, Voc of 1.17 V, a short circuit current of 26.65 mA cm−2, and a fill factor of 77.95%. Champion devices exhibit excellent UV and long‐term stability. This study provides an instructive strategy for fabricating high‐performance full‐spectral‐response PSCs.
An In Situ Gelled Polymer Electrolyte to Stabilize Lithium–Air Batteries
Authors: Li Zi‐Wei , Liang Yu‐Long , Wang Jin , Yan Jun‐Min , Liu Jian‐Wei , Huang Gang , Liu Tong , Zhang Xin‐Bo
Published: February 2024

Gel polymer‐based lithium batteries exhibit a unique combination of advantageous properties, including the favorable interfacial contact characteristic of liquid‐state batteries and the inherent stability of solid‐state batteries. For Li–air batteries operated in the semi‐open atmosphere, implementing in situ synthesized gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) is effective in mitigating the environment‐induced challenges. In this study, a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)‐based GPE in situ initiated by the toluene‐2,4‐diisocyanate (TDI) and 1,4‐benzenediboronic acid (BDBA) is designed to enable the stable operation of lithium–air batteries. The integration of in situ polymerization and polyvinyl alcohol's functional group engineering not only brings benefits to the interfacial contact and electrochemical stability of the battery but also mitigates the moisture sensitivity and volatility of the DMSO electrolyte in the ambient environment. In addition, the GPE can promote the formation of a robust protection film on the lithium surface. As a result, the designed GPE makes the batteries fully leverage their outstanding cycling stability in the ambient environment (241 cycles at 500 mA g−1 and 1000 mAh g−1). Moreover, an optimized Li–air pouch cell structure incorporating the GPE achieves a boasted energy density of 757.5 Wh kg−1, providing a significant technical pathway to bring Li–O2 batteries to practical Li–air batteries.
Continuous conveying and mixing characteristics of high‐viscosity materials under acoustic vibration excitation
Authors: Zhan Xiaobin , Ye Binhuan , Li Biran , Shi Tielin
Published: February 2024

Investigating the conveying and mixing characteristics of high‐viscosity fluids in an inclined flow channel under the excitation of acoustic vibration using computational fluid dynamics methods. As the intensity of the acoustic vibration excitation increases, the free surface of the liquid transitions from generating Faraday waves to generating disordered jets. Continued increase in the amplitude leads to the liquid filling most of the vessel space, causing a blockage. However, slowly increasing the amplitude alleviates the blockage phenomenon. When high‐viscosity materials are subjected to high‐intensity acoustic vibration, the flow field is dominated by shear flow, which is accompanied by efficient stretching and folding. Changing the amplitude or frequency alone can cause blockage, and increasing the frequency of vibration excitation alone will not alleviate the blockage. Instead, increasing the amplitude can generate more mixing‐promoting reflux, effectively relieving blockage while maintaining stable conveying capacity.
Hematologic malignancies in Li–Fraumeni syndrome: A case report
Authors: Bundrant Bethany , Gerstein Yoheved , Arun Banu , DiNardo Courtney D.
Published: February 2024

Li–Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a rare syndrome characterized by an increased lifetime risk of cancer development in multiple organ systems, typically caused by de novo or inherited germline pathogenic variants in the tumor suppressor TP53 gene. LFS is more classically associated with solid tumors; however, it is also associated with hematologic malignancies such as therapy‐related acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We present the case of a female patient with a strong family and personal history of cancer who presented to our institution with therapy‐related AML with next‐generation sequencing showing a pathogenic TP53 mutation. She received several lines of systemic therapy and underwent stem cell transplant using her adult daughter as a haploidentical donor after achieving minimal residual disease (MRD). Her posttransplant bone marrow evaluations demonstrated persistence of the same pathogenic TP53 mutation despite ongoing clinical remission with full donor engraftment and negative MRD. Genetic testing was performed which confirmed the germline origin of the TP53 pathogenic variant in the patient. The patient's adult donor daughter was also identified to have the same pathogenic variant in TP53 consistent with LFS. The presented case highlights the need for increased awareness of LFS in the adult hematologic community, particularly for patients undergoing evaluation for stem cell transplant.
From such great heights: The effects of substrate height and the perception of risk on lemur locomotor mechanics
Authors: Schapker Nicole M. , Janisch Judith , Myers Lydia C. , Phelps Taylor , Shapiro Liza J. , Young Jesse W.
Published: February 2024

Objectives

An accident during arboreal locomotion can lead to risky falls, but it remains unclear that the extent to which primates, as adept arborealists, change their locomotion in response to the perceived risk of moving on high supports in the tree canopy. By using more stable forms of locomotion on higher substrates, primates might avoid potentially fatal consequences.

Materials and Methods

Using high‐speed cameras, we recorded the quadrupedal locomotion of four wild lemur species—Eulemur rubriventer, Eulemur rufifrons, Hapalemur aureus, and Lemur catta (N = 113 total strides). We quantified the height, diameter, and angular orientation of locomotor supports using remote sensors and tested the influence of support parameters on gait kinematics, specifically predicting that in response to increasing substrate height, lemurs would decrease speed and stride frequency, but increase stride length and the mean number of supporting limbs.

Results

Lemurs did not adjust stride frequency on substrates of varying height. Adjustments to speed, stride length, and the mean number of supporting limbs in response to varying height often ran counter to predictions. Only E. rubriventer decreased speed and increased the mean number of supporting limbs on higher substrates.

Discussion

Results suggest that quadrupedal walking is a relatively safe form of locomotion for lemurs, requiring subtle changes in gait to increase stability on higher—that is, potentially riskier—substrates. Continued investigation of the impact of height on locomotion will be important to determine how animals assess risk in their environment and how they choose to use this information to move more safely.
Medication utilization for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis and asthma in 12 months pre‐ and post‐dupilumab initiation
Authors: Garvey Emily , Naimi Bita , Duffy Alexander , Kahn Chase , Farquhar Douglas , Rosen Marc , Rabinowitz Mindy , Evertz Damaris Pena , Most Jessica , Toskala Elina , Nyquist Gurston G.
Published: February 2024

Key points

This study examines the impact of dupilumab on medication use for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) and asthma patients.

Patients on dupilumab had a reduction in oral/inhaled/topical steroids, antibiotics, and leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs).

The reduction in medication use had no impact on total polyp or SNOT‐22 scores.
Epstein–Barr Virus Strongly Associates With Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis, But Not Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein‐Antibody‐Associated Disease
Authors: Fadda Giulia , Yea Carmen , O'Mahony Julia , Waters Patrick , Yeh E. Ann , Marrie Ruth Ann , Arnold Douglas , Bar‐Or Amit , Banwell Brenda ,   the Canadian Pediatric Demyelinating Disease Study Group
Published: February 2024

Reported rates of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) seropositivity in children meeting multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnostic criteria are considerably lower than those reported in adult‐onset MS, putting in question a requisite role for EBV in MS development. As prior work preceded recognition of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein‐associated disease (MOGAD), we assessed viral serologies in 251 children with incident demyelination and prospectively ascertained diagnoses. When MOGAD was serologically accounted for, the prevalence of EBV infection among MS children exceeded 90%, whereas remote EBV infection was not associated with MOGAD risk. Together, these findings substantiate EBV's role across the MS spectrum, and support distinct pathobiological mechanisms in MS versus MOGAD. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:700–705
Role of the Exposome in Neurodegenerative Disease: Recent Insights and Future Directions
Authors: Sakowski Stacey A. , Koubek Emily J. , Chen Kevin S. , Goutman Stephen A. , Feldman Eva L.
Published: February 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases are increasing in prevalence and place a significant burden on society. The causes are multifactorial and complex, and increasing evidence suggests a dynamic interplay between genes and the environment, emphasizing the importance of identifying and understanding the role of lifelong exposures, known as the exposome, on the nervous system. This review provides an overview of recent advances toward defining neurodegenerative disease exposomes, focusing on Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. We present the current state of the field based on emerging data, elaborate on key themes and potential mechanisms, and conclude with limitations and future directions. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:635–652
Three‐dimensional simulation of dripping and jetting phenomenon in a flow‐focusing geometry
Authors: Biswas Saikat , Pattader Partho S. G. , Mandal Tapas K.
Published: February 2024

3D simulations have been achieved on a flow‐focusing geometry employing the VOF method to study the consequence of viscosity, surface tension, wettability, and geometry on drop generation for the dripping regime. Here the dispersed phase is the PDMS oil (polydimethylsiloxane), and the continuous phase is the water. Simulations were performed at different oil‐to‐water viscosity ratios
of 3, 12, 27, and 50. The interfacial tension between PDMS oil and water is 0.0118 N/m. It has been abridged to 0.008 N/m, 0.005 N/m, and 0.002 N/m, and simulations were performed. The walls of the microchannel are considered to be PMMA surfaces. The contact angle of an oil droplet on the PMMA surface in the presence of water is 140°. The effect of wettability was shown at various contact angles (angle created by water droplet on the PMMA surface in the presence of oil) of 0°, 40°, 90°, 135° and 180°. The frequency of droplet generation (1/s), non‐dimensional droplet length (L/Wc), droplet volume (nl), and droplet velocity (m/s) have been calculated for each of the cases. A flow pattern map has been industrialized classifying the dripping and jetting regimes. A comparison between normal geometry and two constricted geometries (having different orifice lengths) based on the frequency of droplet, non‐dimensional drop length, drop volume, and drop velocity has been made for both dripping and jetting regimes. Prediction of simulated non‐dimensional droplet length has also been made using dimensional analysis.
The production of bacterial cellulose from coconut water and its application as a green photocatalyst composite membrane
Authors: Mutiara Tintin , Jingga Ajeng Catra , Widya Amanda Zulfa
Published: February 2024

In this research work, bacterial cellulose was produced from the fermentation of coconut water and incubated for 4, 5, and 6 days. The bacterial cellulose membrane was utilized as immobilized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). A green photocatalyst membrane was prepared by reducing silver ions in the bacterial cellulose matrix structure using local fruit extracts, tomatoes, Citrus hystrix fruit, and mangosteen peel as a reducing agent. The composite was dried in the oven to obtain a more durable fixed structure. The properties of produced bacterial cellulose were determined by measuring the thickness, water retention capacity (WRC), cellulose content, and swelling. The functional group and crystallinity index of bacterial cellulose were observed by FTIR and XRD instrument analysis. The SEM EDX analysis confirms that the silver ions were successfully reduced in the BC matrix, and the UV–Vis spectrum showed that the composite membrane has the ability to degrade the methylene blue solution under sunlight irradiation. The maximum degradation efficiency of the composite membrane against 5 ppm methylene blue solution was achieved by the composite membrane reduced by tomatoes, with a value of 93%. This result proved that the composite membrane produced in this research has excellent capabilities as a green photocatalyst for degrading wastewater containing dye pollutants.
Prediction of the potential distribution area of Spodoptera frugiperda and its parasitic wasp, Trichogramma pretiosum
Authors: Jia Jingjing , Wang Aqiang , Peng Sihua , Lian Yuyang , Wu Qianxing , Lin Zhufeng , Zhang Qiongkuan , Ji Xuncong
Published: February 2024

Spodoptera frugiperda is a migratory agricultural pest with fast‐spreading speed, long migration distance, and wide host range, which seriously threatens the safety of economic crops. To predict the trends of S. frugiperda and its parasitoid wasp Trichogramma pretiosum in their habitats under current and future climatic conditions, based on MaxEnt model and geographic distribution data of their historical occurrence, we project the feasibility of introducing T. pretiosum to control S. frugiperda by evaluating on their potential global distribution. The results show that, under the current greenhouse gas concentration, the potential distribution area of S. frugiperda is concentrated in 50° N‐30° S, with a total area of 1.74 × 106 km2, and the potential distribution area of T. pretiosum in the whole world is 2.91 × 106 km2. The suitable areas of T. pretiosum cover almost all the suitable areas of S. frugiperda, which indicates that T. pretiosum can be introduced to control S. frugiperda. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the monitoring and early warning of S. frugiperda and the use of T. pretiosum to control S. frugiperda.
Gastroschisis prevalence patterns in 27 surveillance programs from 24 countries, International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research, 1980–2017
Authors: Feldkamp Marcia L. , Canfield Mark A. , Krikov Sergey , Prieto‐Merino David , Šípek Antonin , LeLong Nathalie , Amar Emmanuelle , Rissmann Anke , Csaky‐Szunyogh Melinda , Tagliabue Giovanna , Pierini Anna , Gatt Miriam , Bergman Jorieke E. H. , Szabova Elena , Bermejo‐Sánchez Eva , Tucker David , Dastgiri Saeed , Bidondo María Paz , Canessa Aurora , Zarante Ignacio , Hurtado‐Villa Paula , Martinez Laura , Mutchinick Osvaldo M. , Camelo Jorge Lopez , Benavides‐Lara Adriana , Thomas Mary Ann , Liu Shiliang , Nembhard Wendy N. , Gray Elizabeth B. , Nance Amy E. , Mastroiacovo Pierpaolo , Botto Lorenzo D.
Published: February 2024

Background

Gastroschisis is a serious birth defect with midgut prolapse into the amniotic cavity. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence and time trends of gastroschisis among programs in the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research (ICBDSR), focusing on regional variations and maternal age changes in the population.

Methods

We analyzed data on births from 1980 to 2017 from 27 ICBDSR member programs, representing 24 countries and three regions (Europe+ (includes Iran), Latin America, North America). Cases were identified using diagnostic codes (i.e., 756.7, 756.71, or Q79.3). We excluded cases of amniotic band syndrome, limb–body wall defect, and ruptured omphalocele. Programs provided annual counts for gastroschisis cases (live births, stillbirths, and legally permitted pregnancy terminations for fetal anomalies) and source population (live births, stillbirths), by maternal age.

Results

Overall, gastroschisis occurred in 1 of every 3268 births (3.06 per 10,000 births; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 3.01, 3.11), with marked regional variation. European+ prevalence was 1.49 (95%CI: 1.44, 1.55), Latin American 3.80 (95%CI: 3.69, 3.92) and North American 4.32 (95%CI: 4.22, 4.42). A statistically significant increasing time trend was observed among six European+, four Latin American, and four North American programs. Women <20 years of age had the highest prevalence in all programs except the Slovak Republic.

Conclusions

Gastroschisis prevalence increased over time in 61% of participating programs, and the highest increase in prevalence was observed among the youngest women. Additional inquiry will help to assess the impact of the changing maternal age proportions in the birth population on gastroschisis prevalence.
Bioavailability assessment of a brompheniramine taste‐masked pediatric formulation in a juvenile porcine model
Authors: Wang Jiang , Shakleya Diaa , Giacoia George , Rahman Ziyuar , Khan Mansoor A. , Faustino Patrick J.
Published: February 2024

A brompheniramine taste‐masked pediatric formulation was developed as part of the National Institutes of Health Pediatric Formulation Initiative to help address low patient compliance caused by the bitter taste of many adult formulations. To confirm that the taste‐masked formulation can provide a similar pharmacological effect to the previous marketed adult formulations, a juvenile porcine model was used to screen the model pediatric formulation to compare the bioavailability between the marketed brompheniramine maleate and the taste‐masked maleate/tannate formulation. Pigs were dosed orally with both formulations and blood samples were obtained from 0 to 48 h. Plasma samples were prepared and extracted using solid‐phase extraction. The mass spectrometer was operated under selected ion monitoring mode. The selected ion monitoring channels were set to m/z 319.1 for brompheniramine and m/z 275.2 for the internal standard chlorpheniramine. Calibration curves were linear over the analytical range 0.2–20 ng/ml (r2 > 0.995) for brompheniramine in plasma. The intra‐ and inter‐day accuracies were between 98.0 and 105% with 5.73% RSD precision. The bioanalytical method was successfully applied to a preclinical bioavailability study. The bioavailability profiles were not significantly different between the two formulations, which demonstrates that taste‐masking with tannic acid is a promising approach for formulation modification for pediatric patients.
Sex and race differences in the association of albumin with cognitive function in older adults
Authors: Hu Yang , Lin Duo , Song Min , Wu Dongmei , Zhang Yuqing , Li Gongbo , Luo Haiyan
Published: February 2024

Background

With the increasing aging population, dementia has become a significant socioeconomic burden. However, the effects of albumin on delayed recall (DR) impairment remain unclear, and there are limited reports on sex and race differences in this relationship. This study aimed to investigate the association between albumin levels and DR impairment in older adults.

Methods

A total of 1507 normal cognitive function and 553 DR impairment from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014 were included in this cross‐sectional analysis. Participants aged 60 years and above were assessed using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease DR (CERAD‐DR) test to evaluate cognitive function. Participants were categorized into DR impairment and normal cognitive function groups according to their CERAD‐DR scores. Logistic regression analyses, generalized additive models, and fitted smoothing curves were utilized for data analysis.

Results

After adjusting for potential confounders, a negative association was found between albumin levels and cognitive function (odds ratio [OR] = 0.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.41–0.87). Subgroup analysis stratified by sex, race/ethnicity, and age revealed that the negative association remained significant in men (OR = 0.53, 95%CI 032–0.87), Blacks (OR = 0.35, 95%CI 0.17–0.74), and the age group of 60–70 years (OR = 0.48, 95%CI 0.28–0.81). However, no significant association was observed in women (OR = 0.72, 95%CI 0.41–1.28), whites (OR = 0.58, 95%CI 0.31–1.07), or Mexican Americans (OR = 1.11, 95%CI 0.35–3.46), as well as the age group of 71–80 years (OR = 0.62, 95%CI 0.37–1.03).

Conclusions

Our study suggests that elevated albumin levels are associated with a decreased incidence of cognitive function impairment, particularly in older men and Blacks. This finding indicates that maintaining high levels of albumin may be beneficial for cognitive function in older adults.
Evaluating magnetic resonance imaging characteristics and risk factors for hemifacial spasm
Authors: Li Bo , Luo Chun , Jin Yabin , Yi Ying , Cheng Dongliang , Huang Linwen , Wang Guofu , Zhong Xuguang , Zhao Hai , Gao Mingyong
Published: February 2024

Purpose

The specific neurovascular compression (NVC) event responsible for the symptomatic manifestation of hemifacial spasm (HFS) remains difficult to assess accurately using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We aim to evaluate the MRI characteristics of HFS.

Method

We retrospectively included patients with HFS and divided them into a test group (n = 186) and a validation group (n = 28). The presence, severity, and offending vessel type of NVC in each portion, and the orientation of the offending vessel around the facial nerve, were recorded. Conditional logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate correlations using test group. The validation group was used to verify whether our findings improved diagnostic performance.

Results

Deformity in the proximal cisternal segment was significantly correlated with HFS occurrence (odds ratio [OR]: 256.58, p = .002), whereas contact was not (p = .233). Both contact and deformity in the root detachment point (OR: 19.98 and 37.22, p < .001 and p = .013, respectively) or attached segment (OR: 4.99 and 252.52, p = .001 and p < .001, respectively) were significantly correlated with HFS occurrence. Our findings improved specificity, positive predictive value, and accuracy of diagnosis than conventional diagnostic methods. The vertebral artery predominantly compress the facial nerve in the inferior‐anterior position, the anterior inferior cerebellar artery predominantly in the inferior position, the posterior inferior cerebellar artery predominantly in the inferior position, vein predominantly in the posterior–superior position.

Conclusions

This study further demonstrates that within the susceptible portion of facial nerve, different portions of the nerve respond differently to NVC. Each offending vessel has its own preferred conflict orientation. Our study offers reference for neurosurgeons in diagnosis and treatment.
Perioperative complications of arteriovenous tirofiban administration versus oral dual antiplatelet therapy for stent‐assisted embolization treated aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: A retrospective, controlled cohort analysis
Authors: Wang Kaishan , Chen Yujie , Xu Yao , Yang Chen , Lai Zhaopan , Tan Binbin , Zhu Gang , Miao Hongping
Published: February 2024

Background

Major perioperative complications of stent‐assisted embolization treated for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients include the formation of thromboembolic events (TEs) and hemorrhagic events (HEs), for which antiplatelet protocols play a key role.

Methods

We conducted a single‐center retrospective analysis to compare the differences between arteriovenous tirofiban administration with traditional oral dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). A total of 417 consecutive patients were enrolled. General clinical characteristics, as well as the perioperative ischemic and hemorrhagic events, were retracted in digital documents. Logistic regression was conducted to identify both risk and protective factors of perioperative TEs and HEs.

Results

Perioperative TEs occurred in 21 patients, with an overall perioperative TEs rate of approximately 5.04%; among these patients, the incidence of perioperative TEs in the tirofiban group was less than that in the DAPT group. Additionally, 66 patients developed perioperative HEs, with an incidence of approximately 15.83%; among these patients, the incidence of perioperative HEs was less than that in the DAPT group. No significant differences were seen between the two groups in terms of the mRS score at the time of discharge.

Conclusion

This study indicated that an improved perioperative antiplatelet drug tirofiban was an independent protective factor for perioperative TEs in stent‐assisted embolization of ruptured intracranial aneurysms, but it did not impart an elevated risk of perioperative HEs and had no significant effects on the near‐term prognosis of the patients.
Morin improves learning and memory in healthy adult mice
Authors: Martínez‐Coria Hilda , Serrano‐García Norma , López‐Valdés Héctor E. , López‐Chávez Gabriela Sinaí , Rivera‐Alvarez José , Romero‐Hernández Ángeles , Valverde Francisca Fernández , Orozco‐Ibarra Marisol , Torres‐Ramos Mónica Adriana
Published: February 2024

Background

Morin is a flavonoid found in many edible fruits. The hippocampus and entorhinal cortex play crucial roles in memory formation and consolidation. This study aimed to characterize the effect of morin on recognition and space memory in healthy C57BL/6 adult mice and explore the underlying molecular mechanism.

Methods

Morin was administered i.p. at 1, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg/24 h for 10 days. The Morris water maze (MWM), novel object recognition, novel context recognition, and tasks were conducted 1 day after the last administration. The mice's brains underwent histological characterization, and their protein expression was examined using immunohistochemistry and Western blot techniques.

Results

In the MWM and novel object recognition tests, mice treated with 1 mg/kg of morin exhibited a significant recognition index increase compared to the control group. Besides, they demonstrated faster memory acquisition during MWM training. Additionally, the expression of pro‐brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), BDNF, and postsynaptic density protein 95 proteins in the hippocampus of treated mice showed a significant increase. In the entorhinal cortex, only the pro‐BDNF increased. Morin‐treated mice exhibited a significant increase in the hippocampus's number and length of dendrites.

Conclusion

This study shows that morin improves recognition memory and spatial memory in healthy adult mice.
TG/HDL‐c ratio as a predictor of progressive infarction in patients with anterior circulation single subcortical infarction
Authors: Lin Jing , Dong Liangbin , Huang Qin , Xiao Hui , Li Shumeng , Tang Jincai , Mao Xiaocheng , Huang Pengcheng , Li Xiaobing , Hong Daojun
Published: February 2024

Background

The contributors predicting progressive infarction (PI) in patients with anterior circulation single subcortical infarction (ACSSI) and pontine single infarction (PSI) may be unidentical. The role of triglyceride to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL‐c) ratio on PI is unclear. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the correlation between TG/HDL‐c ratio and PI in patients with ACSSI or PSI.

Methods

Between January 2020 and October 2022, we retrospectively enrolled 738 patients including 638 ACSSI patients and 100 PSI patients to analyze. Demographic characteristics, clinical information, and laboratory data were collected within 24 h of admission.

Results

PI occurred in 143 (19.4%) patients. In univariate analysis, patients with PI had higher initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, higher discharge NIHSS scores, higher levels of fasting glucose, total cholesterol, TG, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and TG/HDL‐c ratio, but lower levels of creatinine compared to patients with non‐PI (p < .05). Furthermore, the results of the subgroup analyses revealed the independent association between TG/HDL‐c ratio and PI in ACSSI patients (OR 1.079, 95% CI 1.009–1.153, p = .026) rather than in PSI patients. Additionally, a receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that the optimal predictive cutoff value of the TG/HDL‐c ratio was 3.985, and a TG/HDL‐c ratio ≥3.985 was more likely to experience PI in ACSSI patients.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the TG/HDL‐c ratio was independently associated with PI in patients with ACSSI.
Structure and Synthesis of Vindolicine and Derivatives
Authors: Asia  , Sammer Yousuf , Vendier Laure , Massiot Georges
Published: February 2024

This article describes the reaction of vindoline with formaldehyde and trimethyl orthoformate to prepare vindolicine, tris‐vindolicinyl methane and higher molecular weight homologues. The synthesis of 10‐formyl vindoline as an intermediate allowed further exploration of its chemistry, in particular the reaction with acetone which yielded a symmetrical dimer, which was further reacted with vindoline to give molecules containing three and four vindoline units. These molecules were characterized by NMR and for some of them (vindolicine, 10‐formyl vindoline, 10‐(1’‐(but‐1’‐en‐3’‐one))‐vindoline) by X‐ray crystallography. Depending on the substitution and on the absence of axes of symmetry, the NMR spectra displayed non‐equivalent spin systems for the vindoline moieties. The dimer formed from the double condensation of 10‐formyl vindoline with acetone showed cytotoxic activity in the micromolar range.
Lipidomic Profiling and Pharmacological Activities of Ficus drupacea Oil: Comparative Study Between Conventional vs. Green Solvent
Authors: Kansal Palak , Shukla Abha , Shukla Rishi Kumar
Published: February 2024

Ficus drupacea is a medicinal tree found in temperate regions. Various parts of this plant had been used traditionally for the treatment of various ailments such as root powder applied externally for skin infections. Analysis was carried out on the bioactive lipids extracted from Ficus drupacea fruit using both petroleum‐based solvent (Hexane) and an environmentally friendly solvent Dimethyl carbonate (DMC). The results showed that DMC extraction yielded a high oil content in Ficus drupacea fruit (6.51 %). When examining the fatty acid composition using GC‐FID analysis, Ficus drupacea oil extracted with DMC contained significant proportions of essential fatty acids such as linoleic acid (32.317 %), oleic acid (20.946 %), palmitic acid (25.841 %), etc. Additionally, DMC extraction resulted in higher levels of total phenolics in Ficus drupacea fruit oil compared to hexane. Moreover, DMC extracted oil exhibited stronger antioxidant properties, such as radical scavenging, anti‐ arthritic, photoprotective activity while displayed similar anti‐inflammatory and anti‐microbial activity as hexane‐extracted oil. In summary, these findings demonstrate that DMC is an efficient and safer alternative to conventional solvent hexane for extracting oils from Ficus drupacea fruit. It is rich in bioactive compounds essential for human nutrition, including polyunsaturated fatty acids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds, with enhanced biological activities.
A novel de novo variant in the RUNX2 gene causes cleidocranial dysplasia in a Malian girl
Authors: Cissé Lassana , Yalcouyé Abdoulaye , Touré Kadidia Oumar , Coulibaly Youlouza , Maiga Alassane Baneye , Bamba Salia , Diallo Dramane , Diarra Salimata , Taméga Abdoulaye , Traoré Oumou , Kotioumbé Mahamadou , Sangaré Moussa Aly , Ba Hamidou Oumar , Simaga Assiatou , Koné Fatogoma Issa , Samassekou Oumar , Koné Amadou , Guinto Cheick Oumar , Landouré Guida ,   the H3Africa consortium
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical Message

Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare genetic skeletal disorder with only few cases reported in Africa, mostly based on clinical and radiological findings. We report the first case in Mali, caused by a novel de novo variant in the RUNX2 gene.

Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia characterized by an aplastic/hypoplastic clavicles, patent sutures and fontanels, dental abnormalities and a variety of other skeletal changes. We report a novel de novo variant in the RUNX2 gene causing a severe phenotype of CCD in a Malian girl.
Rectus abdominis muscle abscess after performing colonoscopy—A case report
Authors: Soheilipour Maryam , Tabesh Elham , Afsharzadeh Mahshad , Tabibian Amirhossein
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical Message

Endoscopic removal of premalignant polyps can prevent colorectal cancers. It is considered a safe procedure, yet there are some complications reported. Rectus abdominis muscle abscess (RAMA) is a type of pyomyositis seen as a complication of rectus sheath hematoma. Predisposing factors to RAMA include trauma, diabetes mellitus, alcohol abuse, Intravenous drug abuse and hematologic diseases.In this article, we report a case of a 74‐year‐old patient with abscess formation in the Rectus Abdominis muscle after colonoscopy and polypectomy with the application of abdominal pressure techniques without any early complications. Diagnosis of RAMA was made after a Computed Tomography scan and ultrasound‐guided drainage, in addition to antibiotic therapy, were used as treatment.Although colonoscopy is considered a generally safe procedure, endoscopists should be aware of Rectus Abdominis sheath hemorrhage and RAMA in the following as a complication with the presentation of abdominal pain. Applying abdominal pressure should be done carefully To reduce minor trauma likelihood, owing to it being a predisposing factor of RAMA.
Intramolecular Coupling and Nucleobase Transfer – How Cytochrome P450 Enzymes GymBx Establish Their Chemoselectivity
Authors: Freytag Jasmin , Martin Andreas , Müller Joshua C. , Kelm Tjark , Stehle Thilo , Li Shu‐Ming , Zocher Georg
Published: February 2024

Cyclodipeptides (CDPs) build an important class of secondary metabolites with a plethora of pharmacological impact such as antibiotic, cytotoxic, antifungal properties or even as anti‐Alzheimer drug candidates. The core structure of 2,5‐diketopiperazines, a subclass of CDPs, is composed of two ‘head‐to‐tail’ connected α‐amino acids. Their chemical diversity is broadened by tailoring enzymes as members of their biosynthetic gene clusters, such as CDP‐dimerizing P450s. Recently, a new class of P450 enzymes, termed GymBx, was identified in the biosynthetic pathway of guatyromycines. These enzymes catalyse both an intramolecular C−C bond formation within cyclo‐l‐Tyr‐l‐Tyr (cYY) and a nucleobase transfer reaction, which is unique for CDP‐modifying P450 enzymes. In this study, we report the structures of two members, GymB1 and GymB5, in their unbound states, as well as GymB5 in complex with hypoxanthine and cYY. Structural data of the ternary complex shed light into CDP binding and nucleobase transfer reaction, identified key residues for substrate recognition and modified the enzymatic bifunctionality. By mutagenesis we successfully established a GymB5 variant that strictly switched the chemoselectivity of the reaction towards an intermolecular coupling enzyme. This data set a solid basis for future protein engineering of P450 enzymes to synthesize new CDP‐nucleobase adducts.