bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ACHADOS PATOLÓGICOS E BACTERIOLÓGICOS EM LESÕES PULMONARES RESPONSÁVEIS POR CONDENAÇÕES DE CARCAÇAS DE SUÍNOS
Authors: Morés Marcos Antônio Zanella , Donin Daiane Güllich , Cestari Filipe Krasinski , Alberton Geraldo Camilo
Published: June 2018

Um dos principais problemas sanitários da suinocultura é a alta prevalência de doenças respiratórias, que podem ser causadas por uma série de agentes bacterianos e virais. Visando identificar os agentes bacterianos causadores das lesões pulmonares que geram condenação de carcaça de suínos, os pulmões de 150 animais em idade de abate foram submetidos a exames anatomopatológicos e bacteriológicos. Foram escolhidas as lesões pulmonares que causaram o desvio das carcaças na linha do abate para o Departamento de Inspeção Final do Serviço de Inspeção Federal. Pelo exame macroscópico as lesões foram classificadas em broncopneumonia supurativa, broncopneumonia fibrinosa, pleurite ou pneumonia embólica. Na pesquisa bacteriológica isolou-se Pasteurella multocida Tipo D (27,3%), Pasteurella multocida Tipo A (24%), Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (13,3%), Streptococcus suis (6,7%), Arcanobaterium pyogenes (5,3%) e outras bactérias (10,0%). Dentre o total de amostras, 16,7% foram negativas.  As lesões de onde se isolou P. multocida e A. pleuropneumoniae foram classificadas, em sua maioria, como broncopneumonia fibrinosa ou sequelas desta lesão. Streptococcus sp e A. pyogenes relacionaram-se com pequenos abscessos, em lesões com características de pneumonia embólica ou broncopneumonia supurativa.
Condições higiênicas sanitárias da produção do caldo de cana em Curitiba, Paraná
Authors: Sprenger Lew Kan , Risolia Larissa Wünsche
Published: June 2018

O caldo de cana, bebida vegetal apreciada pela população brasileira, comercializado por ambulantes pode oferecer riscos à saúde dos consumidores, se produzido de maneira inadequada. Este estudo teve por objetivo verificar se os vendedores de caldo de cana estão seguindo à Resolução RDC nº 218, de 29 de julho de 2005 da ANVISA, que normatiza os procedimentos higiênicos sanitários para a produção deste produto. Foram entrevistados 47 vendedores, distribuídos em 17 bairros da cidade de Curitiba, durante os meses de outubro e novembro de 2014. Foi utilizado um questionário fechado, montado baseado na referida Resolução, onde as respostas possíveis eram sim ou não. Este foi previamente testado e validado por meio de um estudo piloto, sendo a aplicação, realizada por uma única pessoa treinada para coletar as informações e capaz de suprir supostas dúvidas, contudo, sem influenciar nas respostas dos entrevistados. Nenhum garapeiro entrevistado, 0% (0/47), seguiu todos os itens da lei, sendo a falta de asseio pessoal observada em todos os casos 100% (47/47). Conclui-se que os produtores de caldo de cana de Curitiba não estão obedecendo a resolução vigente, seja por desconhecimento do regulamento ou estarem agindo de má fé. Esta atitude expõem os consumidores à possíveis doenças transmissíveis por alimentosO caldo de cana, bebida vegetal apreciada pela população brasileira, comercializado por ambulantes pode oferecer riscos à saúde dos consumidores, se produzido de maneira inadequada. Este estudo teve por objetivo verificar se os vendedores de caldo de cana estão seguindo à Resolução RDC nº 218, de 29 de julho de 2005 da ANVISA, que normatiza os procedimentos higiênicos sanitários para a produção deste produto. Foram entrevistados 47 vendedores, distribuídos em 17 bairros da cidade de Curitiba, durante os meses de outubro e novembro de 2014. Foi utilizado um questionário fechado, montado baseado na referida Resolução, onde as respostas possíveis eram sim ou não. Este foi previamente testado e validado por meio de um estudo piloto, sendo a aplicação, realizada por uma única pessoa treinada para coletar as informações e capaz de suprir supostas dúvidas, contudo, sem influenciar nas respostas dos entrevistados. Nenhum garapeiro entrevistado, 0% (0/47), seguiu todos os itens da lei, sendo a falta de asseio pessoal observada em todos os casos 100% (47/47). Conclui-se que os produtores de caldo de cana de Curitiba não estão obedecendo a resolução vigente, seja por desconhecimento do regulamento ou estarem agindo de má fé. Esta atitude expõem os consumidores à possíveis doenças transmissíveis por alimentos.
UTILIZAÇÃO DE SUBPRODUTOS E RESÍDUOS DE FRUTAS NA SUPLEMENTAÇÃO DE OVINOS (Ovis aries)
Authors: Vieira Bárbara de Cássia Ribeiro , Moreira Yara Rodrigues , Alfaiate Marcela Brite , Souza Mayk Henrique , Mendonça Pedro Pierro , Deminicis Bruno Borges
Published: June 2018

A utilização de subprodutos e resíduos de frutas na suplementação de ovinos tem-se demonstrado uma importante alternativa sustentável, sendo capaz, de minimizar os danos ambientais e ao mesmo tempo diminuir o custo de produção aos proprietários. Diversos aspectos, como digestibilidade, comportamento ingestivo, características de carcaça, desempenho, dentre outros, estão sendo avaliados quanto à inclusão de resíduos e subprodutos de frutas na suplementação ovina. Apesar de sua grande relevância, são poucos os estudos abordando esta temática, sugerindo-se novas pesquisas quanto a esse aspecto
ISOLAMENTO DE Mycoplasma spp. NO TRATO REPRODUTIVO DE PEQUENOS RUMINANTES NO SEMIÁRIDO PARAIBANO
Authors: Moraes Aline Guedes Mamede , Cordeiro Aline Antas , Silva Natanael Souza , Campos Ana Claudia , Melo Marcia Almeida , Azevedo Edisio Oliveira
Published: June 2018

Pesquisou-se Mycoplasma spp. em amostras de suabes vaginais e prepuciais de 154 animais, sendo 61 caprinos e 93 ovinos, oriundos de quatro rebanhos localizados nos municípios de Patos, São José do Bonfim, São José de Princesa e Soledade,  estado da Paraíba. Foram coletados dados sobre o históricoreprodutivo e realizado o exame específico do sistema genital. Não foram observadas lesões na genitália externa nos animais estudados. O isolamento do Mycoplasma spp. foi realizado em meio Hayflick modificado, líquido e sólido. Dentre as amostras analisadas, duas (1,3%) apresentaram crescimento de Mycoplasma spp., sendo uma na espécie caprina e outra em um ovino pertencentes a ao rebanho de Patos e São José do Bonfim, respectivamente. Confirmou-se a presença de Mycoplasma spp. no trato reprodutivo de pequenos ruminantes na região do semiárido paraibano, no entanto, não houve associação do isolamento de  micoplasmas com lesões na genitália externa. O presente trabalho é o primeiro relato do isolamento deste agente em genitálias de caprinos e ovinos na região Nordeste do Brasil.
MORTALIDADE POR SUICÍDIO ENTRE ADOLESCENTES/JOVENS BRASILEIROS: UM ESTUDO COM DADOS SECUNDÁRIOS ENTRE OS ANOS DE 2011 A 2015
Authors: Wanzinack Clóvis , Temoteo Andréia , Oliveira Adriana Lucinda de
Published: June 2018

O artigo tem como objetivo descrever sobre mortalidade por suicídio no Brasil entre adolescentes/jovens de 15 a 24 anos. Primeira etapa levantamento de referencial teórico através da base de dados da Biblioteca virtual sobre violência e saúde (BVS/VS), segunda etapa levantamento de dados secundários extraídos do IBGE população censo 2010 e taxa de mortalidade por suicídio extraído do SIM/DATASUS no período entre 2011 a 2015. A terceira etapa foi a confrontação dos referencias teóricos com os dados secundários pesquisados. A pesquisa constatou que a região com maior incidência de suicídio entre adolescentes/jovens entre 15 a 24 anos é o Centro-oeste com a taxa de 7,04 por 100 mil habitantes seguido do Norte com 6,96 e a região do Sul com 6,44. Médias acima do Brasil, com 5,04. O estado com maior incidência é Roraima com 13,91 seguido do Mato Grosso do Sul 13,27 e Amazonas 11,12. As lesões autoprovocadas intencionalmente por enforcamento, estrangulamento e sufocamento chegam a 70% dos casos registrados. As incidências de suicídio mostram diferenças significativas entre homens e mulheres, embora mulheres estejam mais propensas a tentar suicídio, as incidências entre homens chegam 77,7% de suicido. Palavras-chave: Violência; Saúde Pública; Brasil.
RELATOS DE EXPERIÊNCIAS DE ACADÊMICAS DE FISIOTERAPIA EM INTERVENÇÃO PSICOMOTORA COM ADOLESCENTES E ADULTOS COM NECESSIDADES ESPECIAIS DA APAE DE UMA CIDADE DO LITORAL PARANÁ
Authors: Ferreira de Souza Franciele Cristina , Ferreira Manoela De Paula , Novakoski Karize Rafaela Mesquita , Israel Vera Lúcia
Published: June 2018

Desde a graduação em Fisioterapia, é relevante apresentar os acadêmicos à prática profissional. Em pessoas com necessidades especiais, o processo de reconhecimento corporal pode estar prejudicado e por meio de atividades motoras, o fisioterapeuta pode auxiliar o processo de aprendizagem motora. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar a percepção de acadêmicos de Fisioterapia com intervenções psicomotoras em pessoas com necessidades especiais. Participaram 14 sujeitos com deficiência cognitiva e/ou motora. Após as intervenções, foi possível observar maior identificação número de contornos no desenho. Conclui-se que intervenções psicomotoras podem contribuir para a melhora da percepção corporal e na possível melhora funcional da pessoa com deficiência e que esta atividade foi sensível para apresentar uma fatia do campo profissional aos acadêmicos de Fisioterapia.
INTERFERÊNCIAS DO MEIO AMBIENTE NA SAÚDE DA POPULAÇÃO: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Souza Martha , Dalcin Camila Biazus , Machado Karine Caceres
Published: June 2018

Este estudo tem como objetivo relatar a experiência de trabalho de educação em saúde sobre a relação do meio ambiente com as questões de saúde da população. Participaram da atividade 104 adolescentes de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 12 e 15 anos de uma escola municipal localizada em uma comunidade vulnerável. Foram realizadas atividades com cinco grupos com uma média de 20 adolescentes no mês de maio de 2017. Os principais temas abordados durante as atividades foram o destino adequado do lixo para evitar a transmissão de doenças e melhorar a qualidade de vida da população, bem como a realização de oficinas para reaproveitamento do lixo reciclável e o plantio de flores e hortaliças. Observou-se a maneira ativa com que alunos(as) do curso de enfermagem contextualizam o conceito ampliado de saúde, bem como a participação ativa dos adolescentes da escola durante os debates propostos. Com base nos temas trabalhados, foram elaborados brinquedos com os materiais recicláveis, desenhos, cartazes e redações, nos quais se percebeu a compreensão sobre o conteúdo proposto. A experiência permitiu conhecer as peculiaridades do grupo e planejar orientações compreensíveis e pertinentes nas demandas do serviço de saúde anexo à escola.
Tutoria Acadêmica (“Mentoring”): relato de experiência de um tutorado a tutor
Authors: Alpes Matheus Francoy , Wolf Aline Epiphanio
Published: June 2018

A Tutoria Acadêmica (“Mentoring”) é considerada uma modalidade em que uma pessoa mais experiente, denominada tutor, acompanha de perto, orienta e estimula – a partir de sua experiência, conhecimento e comportamento – um jovem iniciante em sua jornada universitária. Relato de experiência de um ex-aluno tutorado e que atualmente é tutor, a partir de sete encontros quinzenais com estudantes do primeiro ano do curso de Fonoaudiologia, entre março e maio de 2017. O tutor foi responsável por auxiliar, juntamente com o docente responsável, os graduandos quanto às questões cotidianas da Universidade e também por levantar demandas pessoais dos tutorados quanto a diversos tópicos, auxiliando-os no processo de ingresso e adaptação à vida universitária. Foi um momento de troca de experiências, ideias, discussões e orientações acerca de temas que envolvem o âmbito pessoal, profissional e social dentro e fora da Universidade.
Avaliação de sequências de treino para formação de classes de estímulos equivalentes com função comportamental específica
Authors: Silveira Colodetti Camila Maria , Sério Tereza Maria de Azevedo Pires
Published: June 2018

O objetivo foi avaliar os resultados produzidos por sequências de treino para formação de classes de estímulos equivalentes, com função comportamental específica, que se diferem especialmente com relação ao primeiro treino realizado, a saber, discriminação simples ou condicional. Participaram da pesquisa 32 estudantes universitários. Metade deles foi submetida a uma sequência específica de treino que se iniciava com discriminação simples, e a outra metade foi submetida à outra sequência que se iniciava com discriminação condicional. Ambos os grupos passaram pelos dois procedimentos e pela reavaliação do desempenho nos testes das relações emergentes ou discriminação simples. Os resultados mostraram que iniciar o treino com a discriminação simples facilitou o desempenho dos participantes na discriminação condicional, assim como a discriminação condicional também facilitou o desempenho na discriminação simples. Por outro lado, os dados de reavaliação dos testes de equivalência indicaram que, para os participantes que não haviam atingido o critério na primeira aplicação desses testes, o treino em discriminação simples subsequente não gerou aumento nas porcentagens de acerto na reavaliação das relações emergentes.
Emagrecendo na rede: Um estudo acerca do universo das #instafits
Authors: Madureira Bruna Sousa , Vilhena Junia
Published: June 2018

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar o uso que algumas mulheres fazem da rede social para emagrecer na contemporaneidade. De maneira mais específica, como o Instagram foi incorporado à rotina de mulheres que buscavam eliminar o excesso de peso, através da abertura de uma conta fitness virtual exclusiva para compartilhar a sua prática diária de exercícios físicos e alimentar. Foram entrevistadas 28 mulheres brasileiras entre 1 9 e 40 anos que eliminaram de 1 0 a 80 quilos no período de um ano através do compartilhamento diário de fotos e informações acerca do seu processo de emagrecimento no Instagram. Como resultado da pesquisa, foi constatada a importância do grupo (curtidas, comentários positivos e re-compartilhamentos) para a manutenção da busca pelo objetivo primário que, em muitos casos, expandia o espaço das redes sociais para a vida off-line. Além disso, o registro diário as mudanças corporais no diário de telas virtual possibilitou a crença de que seria possível talhar o corpo para atingir o objetivo almejado: emagrecer.
Short communication: Broadening the diagnosis panel of reproductive pathogens associated with abortion in ruminants
Authors: Díaz-Cao Jose M. , Prieto Alberto , López-Lorenzo Gonzalo , Díaz-Fernández Pablo , López-Sández Ceferino , Morrondo Patrocinio , Fernández-Rodríguez Gonzalo
Published: June 2018

Diagnosis of abortion in cattle, sheep and goat have been mainly focused on abortive pathogens with a recognized impact in outbreaks, but the aetiologic diagnosis rates have been historically low worldwide. Thus, we analysed the presence of pathogens in abortion outbreaks, focusing on the less-common pathogens in cattle farms with control programmes for reproductive pathogens, and in ovine and caprine farms. Thirty-one cases from Galician farms submitted to our laboratory during 2013-2015 were analysed (16 bovine, 7 ovine and 8 caprine farms) by polymerase chain reaction and culture from foetal tissues (n = 52 foetuses). Diagnosis was reached in 21/31 farms: 9/16 in bovine, 6/7 in ovine and 6/8 in caprine. Campylobacter spp. were found in all three species (3/9 diagnosed cases in bovine, 2/6 in ovine and 4/6 in caprine). Furthermore, Ureaplasma diversum was detected in cattle (4/9 of diagnosed cases), Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus – 2 was detected in sheep (2/6) and Neospora caninum in goats (1/6). Our results prove the occurrence of abortion in response to pathogens that are traditionally considered less relevant and rarely included in the diagnosis of ruminant abortion. Therefore, differential diagnosis of abortion should consider these pathogens (at least when other causes have been ruled out), to effectively control abortion in farms.
Growth and nutrients content of Atriplex canescens across a soil electric conductivity gradient
Authors: Mellado Miguel , García José E. , Macías-Cruz Ulices , Avedaño-Reyes Leonel , Arévalo José R.
Published: June 2018

Atriplex canescens canopy cover, biomass production, and nutrient content were evaluated after four years of livestock grazing exclusion and mechanical shrub removal, except A. canescensin an arid rangeland with a slightly saline soil and with a long history of heavy livestock grazing in the southern Chihuahuan Desert, Mexico (24° N). Twenty 3 × 3 m paddocks were established in terrains with three levels of electric conductivity (EC): <1.4 dS/m (n=7), 1.4–1.6 dS/m (n=7) and >1.6 dS/m. Atriplex canescens canopy cover was higher (49.5%; p<0.01) on paddocks with soil EC >1.6 dS/m than paddocks with soil EC <1.4 and 1.4–1.6 dS/m (32.1 and 22.9%, respectively). Above-ground biomass did not differ between paddocks with soils with EC of <1.4 and 1.4–1.6 dS/m (1309 ± 535 and 1372 ± 180 kg DM/ha), but biomass increased 2.7 times (p<0.01) when soil EC was greater than 1.6 dS/m. The soil EC had no effect on the levels of crude protein (range 13.6 to 14.3%), neutral detergent fiber (range 56.5 to 57.7%) and ash (range 14.5 to 16.4%). In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of the foliage of A. canescens was not affected by of soil EC level (range 60.4 to 62.2%). It was concluded that in an arid rangeland with slight saline soil, the increase in salinity favors canopy cover and biomass production of A. canescens without altering nutrient content and IVDMD of this fodder shrub.
Collaborative Teacher-Students Talks on the Identity of Native vs. Nonnative English Teachers
Authors: Maghsoud Hadi
Published: June 2018

The rise of English as an international language and English globalization has rekindled the debate over native vs.nonnative teachers’ identity in terms of their strengths and weaknesses in foreign language education. To contributeto the debate, this study explored EFL learners’ and teachers’ perceptions of native and nonnative teachers’ identity.Six nonnative teachers and their students (N=40) participated in collaborative talks to construct teacher identity inseparate discussion sessions. The conversations were transcribed to extract the main themes through content analysis.The findings showed that, from the students’ point of view, nonnative teachers enjoy bilingual advantage, have abetter understanding of learners’ culture, and are more capable in establishing rapport with learners. Regardingnative teachers, the students believed that they enjoy linguistic advantage and transfer L2 culture more competentlythan non-native teachers. The teachers had similar opinions about linguistic advantage, advanced/elementary levelinstruction, and art of teaching. However, they did not fully agree with nonnanative teachers’ bilingual advantage.The findings indicated that EFL learners and teachers prefer native and nonnative teachers in different respects andthat nativeness is not the sole determining factor in teacher identity.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Global Journal of Health Science, Vol. 10, No. 6
Authors: Grey Erica
Published: June 2018

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Global Journal of Health Science, Vol. 10, No. 6, 2018.
Comparison of De-Noising Algorithms Technique
Authors: Oyewole Ogunsanwo Gbenga , Nicholas Goga , Oludele Awodele , Samuel Okolie
Published: June 2018

The concept of noise appears during the process of gathering the image into digital form: that is when the image is being created and it may also be introduced when the image is being transmitted. The presence of the noise usually degraded the quality of the image. De noising algorithms were employed in order to advance the value of the image. This paper tries to compare linear and non linear filtering algorithm. This study adopted image processing techniques to process 600 images dataset acquired from 60 different signers using vision based method. The acquired images were de-noised using Gaussian filter and Median filter algorithms. The outcomes of the two de-noising algorithms were compared using Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Mean Square Error (MSE). The results of processed images for de-noising algorithms show that Median filter had higher PSNR of 47.7 than the Gaussian filter of 31.79, and lower MSE of 1.11 than Gaussian filter of 43.4.It was also ascertained that de-noised images with non-linear median filter had better quality than images de-noised by linear Gaussian filter.
„Miesięcznik dla buchalteryi” – the first Polish professional journal in the field of bookkeeping
Authors: Olewnik Anna
Published: June 2018

The aim of the article is to present the first Polish professional journal in the field of bookkeeping pub-
lished in Lviv in the 19th century, which was the source of knowledge for the accountants of that time. As a research method, critical analysis of source materials and literature of the subject has been used. The article discusses the layout, structure and content of the journal, making a division into two sections: bookkeeping and trade skills. Analysis of chosen articles allows identification of accounting issues ad-
dressed in that period and the recipients of the journal. The content of the journal is discussed in the context of socio-economic changes in Galicia at the turn of the 19th century.
ASSESSMENT OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS IN MQL ASSISTED TURNING PROCESS OF TITANIUM ALLOY WITH APPLICATION
OF TOPSIS-AHP METHOD
Authors: BARTOSZUK Marian , GUPTA Munish Kumar
Published: June 2018

The optimization of surface roughness values considered as one of the most significant issues regarding turning process of titanium alloys with the use of minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) method. With such an aim in mind, the application of TOPSIS-AHP method is implemented in order to establish the most favourable cutting parameters for the following values of surface roughness: Ra, Rq and Rz in machining of titanium alloys regarding MQL conditions. The proposed methodology consists of the two stages. At the beginning, tests on turning process were performed on CNC lathe, taking feed rate, approach angle, and cutting speed as input parameters. Then, the TOPSIS-AHP method was applied on the given experimental data and the optimum machining parameters were determined. The findings from current investigations showed that, lower values of cutting speed, feed rate and middle value of approach angle shows the optimal results.
A visibilidade e representação social das religiões nos selos postais brasileiros (The visibility and social representations of religions in Brazil postage stamps).DOI: 10.5752/P.2175-5841.2012v10n25p233
Authors: Salcedo Diego Andres , Bronsztein Karla Patriota
Published: June 2018

Este trabalho analisa a forma com a qual o selo postal brasileiro contribuiu para a construção de representações da religião católica em relação a outras práticas religiosas. Foi considerado, para isso, a concepção deste artefato enquanto media, texto semiótico e sua estreita relação com o discurso religioso. O corpus é composto por selos postais comemorativos brasileiros emitidos durante o século XX. A sua identificação e análise foi feita a partir do catálogo RHM. Entre o ano de 1900 e 2000, os Correios emitiram 2354 selos postais do tipo comemorativo. A partir da observação e identificação de recorrências religiosas foram compilados 222 selos postais comemorativos. O estudo correlacionou a recorrente temática religiosa com o contexto histórico brasileiro, considerando o declínio do catolicismo como maioria religiosa no país e às representações das práticas religiosas nas mídias. A conclusão indica a influência da Conferência Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil, junto ao Ministério das Comunicações e dos Correios do Brasil, consagrando e enaltecendo a visibilidade de personalidades, eventos e a práxis católica, como um discurso único e superior às demais práticas religiosas. AbstractThis paper analyses the way in which postal Brazilian stamps have contributed to the construction of representations of the catholic religion regarding other religious practices. In this sense, the conception of these stamps was taken into account as media, semioptical texts in close relation with the religious speech. The corpus is composed by postal commemorative Brazilian stamps issued during the twentieth century. The identification and analyzes of the stamps were made through RHM catalogue.  Between the year of 1900 and 2000, the Brazilian post offices issued 2.354 commemorative postage stamps. From the observation and identification of religious recurrences 222 commemorative stamps were compiled. The study correlated the recurring religious theme with the historical Brazilian context, taking into account the decline of the Catholicism as the major religion in Brazil and also the representations of the religious practices in the media. The conclusion of this paper indicates the influence of the National Conference of the Bishops of Brazil regarding the Ministry of the Communications, establishing and enforcing the visibility of Brazilian personalities, events, and also of catholic practices taken as special and superior in comparison with other religious practices.Key-words: Brazil; Religion; Postage Stamps; Social Representation; Visibility.
Adeimantus’ Challenge
Authors: Araujo Carolina
Published: June 2018

A large amount of contemporary literature on Plato’s Republic deals with Glaucon’s speech as the major challenge Socrates is to face in his defense of justice, seeing in Adeimantus’ speech nothing but a restating of the matter. However, Plato is very clear in stating both that Glaucon’s argument was not enough and that he did not make the most relevant point to the matter (362d3-5). The aim of this paper is to present Adeimantus’ contribution to the problem in two general theses: first the objection to piety as a virtue, submitting it to justice; second the argument about the power of collective concealment as a device for breaking the cause/effect pattern that sustains the logic of retribution. The conclusion is that, while Glaucon presents an account that would grant justice to members of a community that obey its laws, Adeimantus considers this only an appearance of justice that would still produce collective unjust actions. By means of Glaucon’s challenge, Socrates is expected to prove that justice has a power in the soul besides its communitarian function, but by Adeimantus’ challenge, he is to demonstrate that it has a power in the soul despite the injustice that constitutes a community.
Philosophy as a Way of Dying?
Authors: Balla Chloe
Published: June 2018

The idea of philosophy as a way of living is explicitly introduced by Plato, who illustrates it through the story of his teacher’s life and death. A most striking aspect of Plato’s account of philosophy as a way of living is that it also appears to involve the idea of philosophy as a preparation for, or even a pursuit of, dying: they that strive unceasingly for this release [sc. the release of soul from body] are, so we maintain, none other than those that pursue philosophy aright; indeed this and nothing else is the philosopher’s concern, the release and separation of soul from body (Phaedo 67d; trans. Hackforth, with modifications) The soul of the philosopher trains itself to die readily, by achieving, already during life, a state of purity: which is precisely what true philosophy consists in 80-81a.
A Comparison between Book E and Book K of Aristotle’s Metaphysics
Authors: Bressan Lisa
Published: June 2018

In Aristotle’s Metaphysics K 8, in the part which is the parallel discussion of being as truth done in book Epsilon (chapter 4), the author, in defining being per se, uses the phrase τὸ ἔξω ὂν καὶ χωριστόν. This is not what Aristotle states in book E, namely that being as truth, along with being per accidens, is founded on the remaining kind of being and does not manifest - any nature outside of being (οὐκ ἔξω οὖσάν τινα φύσιν τοῦ ὄντος). Through the analysis and comparison of the two expositions, I will try to highlight how this difference depends on the different conception in the author of book Kappa about the object of the philosophy. In fact, while in book E the object of philosophy is being qua being and in particular being per se, and the separate substance turns out to be the object of first philosophy as the cause and the principle (that is as the explanation of being qua being) in book K, on the con-trary, the separate substance, since it is identified tout court with being qua being (cf. K 7, 1064a29 - there is a science of being qua being and qua separate, τοῦ ὄντος ᾗ ὂν καὶ χωριστόν), is itself the true object of study of philosophy.
The Philosopher and Philosophy in Plato’s View
Authors: Dolgov Konstantin Mikhailovich
Published: June 2018

The paper reveals Plato’s basic views on the philosopher and philosophy. According to Plato, philosophers should rule the state, but for this purpose they should be brought up and educated in the appropriate way, possess qualities and virtues that will enable them to create if not the ideal society and the state, then the most reasonable and suitable one for the people to live in. These virtues are the following: eternal aspiration to cognize being and truth, justice, courage, reasonableness etc. Plato creates an image of the philosopher who is anxious not for personal wealth and prosperity, but for the public good, that is, highly spiritual, highly moral, virtuous life of the society and the state. Naturally, philosophers develop the appropriate philosophy to express their ideas and ideals. In Plato’s works philosophy acquires the character of the social and state ideology which is aimed at educating citizens in the spirit of justice, freedom and responsibility, dignity, good, beauty, love, that is, such philosophy which makes citizens extremely noble and directs their efforts to achieve the public good, the highest spiritual sphere, but not the material well-being. The paper shows that the philosopher and philosophy in Plato’s interpretation have not become outdated for two thousand years, but, on the contrary, have preserved their vitality and sense until nowadays.
Plato’s Republic (386c5-7 & 516d4-7)
Authors: Gkatzaras Athanasios
Published: June 2018

The subject of my paper is the explanation of Plato’s attitude in Republic on three lines taken from Odyssey (11.489-91). In one case (386c5-7) Plato rejects these lines, because they should not be heard by children or free men, while in another case (516d4-7) he repeats them as a perfect example of illustrating philosopher’s feelings. My purpose is to show that this attitude is not ambiguous; it is compatible with Plato’s doctrines and a good example of the importance that the context plays whenever Plato interprets a poem.
On the Indication of Aristotle’s Prohairesis
Authors: Kim Dohyoung
Published: June 2018

Aristotle often says ‘the prohairesis, the conclusion of deliberation, is a combination between nous (reason) and orexis (desire)’. However, what he actually means by this remark is rather unclear. Is the prohairesis an actual action? Scholars have argued that the prohairesis is an action, claiming that the relationship between reason and desire here is of such a nature that the prohairesis becomes an actual action, at least in the context of ‘the euboulia’ (εὐβουλία). Yet, this view seems inadequate, because although it seem evident that the prohairesis results from the combination of reason and desire, Aristotle never uses the terms ‘prohairesis’ to indicate an actual action or a force needed to initiate an action. Instead, I will claim that Aristotle means no more than that the prohairesis (προαίρεσις) is the conclusion of deliberation, in which reason and desire have already been brought together. Hence, the thesis that the combination of reason and desire means that the prohairesis is an action, cannot be accepted. Rather, I will argue that the prohairesis is a decision, a combination of the best judgment (νοῦς-element) of what to do and the correct intention (orexis-element) that follows it.
Virtue, Nature and Practice
Authors: Liu Jing
Published: June 2018

With the revival of virtue ethics, recently more and more scholars start to realize the important role of Aristotle’s theory of virtue, and present to “going back to Aristotle”. Therefore, it is very significant and meaningful to re-read Aristotle’s concept of virtue. Through the analysis of Aristotle’s “neither by nature, then, nor contrary to nature do the virtues arise in us”, this paper attempts to re-estimate the concept of Aristotle’s virtue. My analysis will focus on Aristotle’s virtue from the perspective of nature and practice. Finally, I will attempt to point out that Aristotle’s virtue has its roots in nature, but is cultivated by the practice of human beings. The activity of human beings’ practical life is the fundamental to the existence of human beings.
Platonic Ethics: Is it Applicable?
Authors: Maradkar Rajesaheb D.
Published: June 2018

More than 200 countries are in the world and the number is still growing by the day. For the establishment of social system in any country there is one or other form of government. None of the five forms of government described by Plato is completely flawless or completely false. All the forms have been experienced by different states in the world and are being experienced even today. In every country there are some evils like. Secondly, before the year 347 BCE Plato said an ideal government is must for an ideal society. What does an ideal government mean? Plato answers; the king should be a philosopher, in order to rule as an ideal king applying philosophical thought, courage, wisdom, justice etc. I propose one additional thing here: that this philosopher does not necessary mean an academician of philosophy, but the person who has the sense of wisdom, courage, temperance and justice, and the sense of practical utility. I think by this the concept of the ‘philosopher king’ is not a theoretical one but it becomes practical (not a 100% practical, but it will be helpful for maximum goodness). Thirdly, for any king or administrator - even with the above virtues 100% perfectness - or ideal king or ideal society can never exist. Ideal king, ideal government and ideal society of 100% perfection cannot be realized in this world nor can be realized in future. No one is perfect in this world and no one can use perfect king, government and society. Many reasons of that due to research paper restriction I am not able to explain here. But one point is clear here; Plato’s wisdom, courage, temperance and justice, if taken into consideration by any administrator and used with consciousness, then it can help to make better public administration oriented towards an optimum ideal society. From this point of view, Plato’s ethical theory is very important.
Matter and the Problem of Definition in Aristotle
Authors: Mutlu Esra Cagri
Published: June 2018

Matter is accepted as something unknown in itself, but that does not mean you cannot talk about it. Aristotle believed you can give the description of matter by using analogies. We first come up with the term ‘matter’ in Physics I.7. Aristotle uses it in relation with the problems of change and movement; then in metaphysics it is used in connection with form. Matter and form are accepted as the aspects of the one and same being, in a different level of being though. Because matter is usually associated with potentiality and form is with activity. Therefore, our main problem in this paper is how to make a definition of something and regarding what, that is, to matter or form? Aristotle’s answer for that question will be form because he thought that form is always prior to, and a more real being than matter. We have lots of potentialities throughout our lives, but only some of them are actualized. Thus, if someone wants to make a definition of us, he has to make it in virtue of considering our form.
Calypso’s Oath: on Biased Traditions in Philosophy.
Authors: Pellikaan-Engel Maja
Published: June 2018

Calypso’s oath helps us to take a fresh look at several well-known texts from classical antiquity. We discover that Homer’s character Calypso is not an egoistic sex bomb, but a kind, intelligent woman with a highly developed moral sense. Her protests against a double standard, and her view that rationality and empathy together form the basis of proper moral conduct are surprisingly modern. Authorities on ethics, such as Socrates, Aristotle, Cicero, Seneca and Augustine, seem to take double standards for granted. In their thinking, rationality plays the chief role and empathy receives very little attention. These philosophers laid the foundation for the development of one-sided views in the history of philosophy, in which women are for the most part forgotten minor players. It is high time we put an end to these biased traditions in philosophy and start paying attention to the insights of women philosophers from early champions of equal rights, such as Hipparchia and Olympe de Gouges, to present day thinkers, such as Hannah Arendt, Simone de Beauvoir and Marta Nussbaum.
The Bastards (Why Socrates Quotes Theognis)
Authors: Porubjak Matus
Published: June 2018

The paper deals with the so-called “Theognidean dilemma” in Plato’s Meno. The author tries to answer the question, if aretê is a matter of teaching or a natural human endowment from the view point of the Theognidea collection. First, he tries to identify both the ‘eugenic’ and the ‘didactic’ tendencies of the Theognidea and compare them. Then, he turns to the role of Kyrnos’ character in the collection. The author concludes that neither Kyrnos nor Theognis are historical personalities per se; primarily they are models, like the characters of Socratic dialogues. On the one hand, we have the moderate Theognis, the poet, master and erômenos with a sense of measure and justice, and on the other hand the erratic Kyrnos, the handsome and gifted erastês with a tendency to intemperance and hubris. Like Kyrnos, Meno in Plato’s dialogue is able to improve his skills and became moderate, but eventually, he fails in life. By choosing Theognis, Plato seems to reflect this similarity. From the viewpoint of the Theognidea, there is no contradiction in the verses quoted by Socrates in Meno. The position seems to be clear and “eugenic” in principle. Low-borns will never become good, but good high-borns often fail. The riddle of high-born failure is present in the works of many authors of the 5th and 4th centuries. All they are asking is how those who are destined to rule and be ex-cellent by birth and education can fail so much, as well as how society can be saved from ‘bastardization’. This issue links the Theognidea with Meno, and the quoted verses beautifully fit the topic of the dialogue.
Aristotle on Reformation of Character
Authors: Ramos-Umana Leonardo
Published: June 2018

When we talk about reforming the character we mean the process of converting a state (héxis) already established into another that is contrary, or, more generally, to convert someone vicious into someone virtuous. By common trend it is affirmed that reformation is indeed a possible, based on the Categories 13a19-30, alternative, which became popular after William Bondeson and his article from 1974.1 However, the purpose of this paper is to explain (briefly at least) how the character’s change would be according to the Nicomachean Ethics.
Knowledge, Fear and Body: a Reading of Alcibiades I
Authors: Salcedo Ortiz Eduardo
Published: June 2018

Plato’s philosophy has been catalogued as idealist, but this issue can be quite haste if the content of his dialogues is deeply examined. In the Alcibiades I Socrates shows his lover how important is to let him be educated by his god. In this dialogue, we could see as well something inherent to our existence; possibly something which we have dealt with, something that seems strange for us: the master-disciple relationship, the possible fear presented in the philosophic exercise and the importance of the body in the man self-comprehension, those issues dealt in this work more than grabbing the truth tend to offer a light about what philosophy can provide to us and how we can contribute to it.
Aristotle on Virtue and Friendship
Authors: Tachibana Koji
Published: June 2018

Aristotle, in his Nicomachean Ethics, considers how one becomes virtuous. However, when asking the question of how, he does not refer to ‘by friend’ as an option; all he refers to are ‘by learning’, ‘by training’, ‘by habituation’, ‘by god’ and ‘by luck’. Why does he not do so? First, I point out the fact that both Aristotle and Plato do not refer to the option of ‘by friend’ when asking the question of how. Second, I argue that Aristotle does not overlook the educational role of friendship. He understands that one needs friends. Third and finally, I consider the reason why Aristotle hesitates to emphasize the educational role of friendship and indicate that his theory of the mean causes it. This reveals the strained relationship between his theory of the mean and that of friendship in his ethical theory.
Rethinking the Division of Pleasure in Plato’s Philebus
Authors: Tuozzo Thomas
Published: June 2018

In the Philebus Socrates presents his division of the kinds of pleasures and pains to an interlocutor who (a) confesses himself incapable of employing the dialectical method of division that this task ideally requires and (b) is committed to defending a hedonist theory of value. These two features of his interlocutor affect the way in which Socrates presents his accounts of pleasure and pain. The philosophical reader needs to rethink the accounts of pleasure and pain to produce an account that is free from these limitations. In this paper I sketch the outlines of such an account, based on material that Socrates provides throughout the dialogue. I argue that there are two fundamental, mutually irreducible types of pain and pleasure: those produced by the disruption and restoration of a natural harmony (either bodily or psychic), and those involving the representation of oneself as in a good or bad state. I then produce an account of pleasure and pain as such, which applies to both of these types: pleasure and pain are the cognition of oneself as in a good or bad state.
Ύφος και φιλοσοφία στην αρχαία Ελλάδα, μια σύγχρονη προσέγγιση
Authors: Χριστοδούλου Ιωάννης Σ.
Published: June 2018

Οι Επτά Σοφοί, σύμφωνα με τον Σωκράτη του πλατωνικού Πρωταγόρα, θεωρούνται ως οι «παλαιοί» της φιλοσοφίας και η φιλοσοφία τους είναι «βραχυλογία λακωνική». Τί σημαίνει ένας τέτοιος ορισμός; Είναι η φιλοσοφία των προγόνων της φιλοσοφίας παρωχημένη; Στο άρθρο μου τονίζω δύο σημεία: το πρώτο είναι η αφοριστική τάση, η οποία είναι εγγενής στη φιλοσοφική σκέψη, παρόλο που υπάρχουν διάφορες μορφές φιλοσοφικής γραφής. Για παράδειγμα, στους πλατωνικούς διαλόγους βρίσκουμε διατυπωμένες αρχές με τη μορφή αφορισμών. Το δεύτερο που επισημαίνω είναι πως η σύγχρονη φιλοσοφική έρευνα επιβεβαιώνει την αξία των φιλοσοφικών θέσεων που έχουν αφοριστικό στυλ. Αυτές οι θέσεις είναι κυρίως ο ιντερναλιστικός υποκειμενισμός και ο ενορατισμός. Επίσης οι σύγχρονοι φιλόσοφοι καταφάσκουν παραγωγικά την πολυμορφία της φιλοσοφικής μεθοδολογίας. Συμπεραίνω, λοιπόν, ότι αυτό που ο Πλάτων χαρακτηρίζει ως τρόπο του φιλοσοφείν των «παλαιών της φιλοσοφίας» παραμένει μια διαχρονική μέθοδος του φιλοσοφείν.
Η αίσθηση του χρόνου κατά τον Αριστοτέλη
Authors: Ταμπάκης Χάρης
Published: June 2018

Ο Αριστοτέλης αναφέρεται περιστασιακά σε μια ιδιαίτερη ικανότητα με το όνομα «αίσθηση του χρόνου», την οποία εισηγείται μεν ως θεμελιώδη προϋπόθεση για τη μνήμη, πουθενά ωστόσο δε διευκρινίζει με σαφήνεια τη φύση της. Παλαιότερες ερμηνείες συνδέουν την «αίσθηση του χρόνου» με την «κοινή αίσθηση» ή με τη «φαντασία», επιλογές οι οποίες χρήζουν επανεξέτασης. Προτείνεται μια διαφορετική προσέγγιση του ζητή ματος, η οποία εκκινεί από τις ισομορφικές αντιστοιχίες που ισχύουν ανάμεσα στο μέγεθος, την κίνηση και τον χρόνο, προκειμένου να εγγράψει την «αίσθηση του χρόνου» κατά βάση στο παρόν, θεωρώντας την ως αίσθηση της θεμελιώδους χρονικής δομής του τώρα, με την οποία οριοθετούνται το παρωχημένο και το επιγενόμενο μέρος της κίνησης, χωρίζεται δηλαδή το παρελθόν από το μέλλον. Η λειτουργία αυτή ανατίθεται στο δομικό μέρος της ψυχής που αποτελεί το κέντρο της αισθητικότητας («α΄ αισθητικό») και θα πρέπει να διακριθεί από τη «γνώση του χρόνου», η οποία προϋποθέτει σύνθετες γνωστικές διαδικασίες.
Η λειτουργία της κατηγορίας και της ουσίας κατά τον Αριστοτέλη
Authors: Τουλιάτος Σπύρος
Published: June 2018

Ο Αριστοτέλης θέτει το πρόβλημα της κατηγορίας ως μια λειτουργική σχέση προς το λόγο και επεξεργάζεται μία συλλογιστική, η οποία επικεντρώνεται στα εξής ερωτήματα: 1.Ποιά είναι η σχέση του όντος με τη νόηση και της λέξης με τα πράγματα;2.Πώς οι λέξεις διαμορφώνουν υπαρκτικές, οντολογικές και γνωσιολογικέςδιατάξεις ώστε να συγκροτούν κατηγορίες στην κατεύθυνση της εξήγησης καιτης ερμηνείας;3.Πώς λειτουργούν οι κατηγορίες με κέντρο την «oυσία», η οποία καθορίζειόλες τις άλλες; Στο έργο του Κατηγορίαι προσεγγίζει τα κατηγορήματα τηςέννοιας ουσία σε σχέση με το υποκείμενο και τη γνωστική λειτουργία τουυποκειμένου. Διερωτάται αν η ουσία λέγεται «για ένα υποκείμενο» ή είναι«μέσα στο υποκείμενο», όπως για παράδειγμα ένας συγκεκριμένος άνθρωποςή ένας συγκεκριμένος ίππος. Αναγνωρίζει και κατατάσσει τις ουσίες σε πρώτεςκαι δεύτερες και θεωρεί ότι οι πρώτες ουσίες προσεγγίζουν περισσότερο τηνατομικότητα ή τα ατομικά πράγματα που είναι μέσα σε ένα υποκείμενο, αλλάδεν λέγονται για αυτό. Ο Αριστοτέλης σ’ αυτό το έργο θεμελιώνει μια σχέσηυπαγωγής των δεύτερων ουσιών στις πρώτες και μια σχέση πραγμάτων καιόχι εννοιών. Στο έργο του Τά μετά τά Φυσικά (βιβλίο Ζ) η ουσία ως έννοιααντιμετωπίζεται πέρα από τον προσδιορισμό των κατηγορημάτων της, πιοπολύ εννοιολογικά και σημασιολογικά σε σχέση με τις άλλες κατηγορίες.Συζητείται αν «το εἶδος» προηγείται της ύλης και σε ποιό βαθμό είναι χωριστήη ουσία από την ποιότητα και την ποσότητα.
Mercado de trabajo en el deporte y género: un estudio comparativo entre las condiciones de trabajo de las tituladas y los titulados en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte por las universidades catalanas = Sport labor market and gender: a comparative study on working conditions of Physical Activity and Sport Science graduates by Catalan universities
Authors: Pérez-Villalba Marta , Vilanova Anna , Soler Prat Susanna
Published: June 2018

Resumen: El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los yacimientos de inserción profesional y las condiciones laborales de las tituladas y los titulados en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte (CAFyD) a través de un estudio comparativo entre sexos. Para ello, en el año 2013, se administró un cuestionario a un total de 1.000 personas egresadas en CAFyD por las universidades catalanes. Los resultados indican que no existe una discriminación directa en las condiciones de trabajo, para un mismo cargo mujeres y hombres presentan condiciones similares. En cambio, sí que se ha detectado una discriminación indirecta fruto de la carga social y cultural que afecta a las preferencias de las mujeres a la hora de escoger un determinado yacimiento de inserción.Abstract: This paper aims to analyse the sources of employment for university graduates in Physical Activity and Sport Science through a gender-based comparative study. With this objective, in 2013, a questionnaire was administered to total of 1,000 university graduates in Physical Activity and Sport Science from Catalan universities. The results indicate that there is no direct discrimination in working conditions, for a same position women and men share similar conditions. However, an indirect discrimination has been detected as a result of the social and cultural burden that affects the preferences of women when accessing and choosing a particular insertion field.