bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ayurvedic Ingredients in Dermatology: A Call for Research
Authors: Singh Nupur , Brown Angela N. , Gold Michael H.
Published: November 2024

Background

With the ever‐changing cosmetic landscape, Ayurvedic skincare, rooted in the holistic medical system of Ayurveda from India, has gained popularity in Western countries due to its natural ingredients and multipurpose benefits. Originating from the earth's sources, such as plants and minerals, each ingredient like ashwagandha, turmeric, and neem among others are believed to address various cosmetic and medical issues.

Aims and Methods

Despite centuries of anecdotal evidence, modern clinical trials validating these claims are limited. This paper looked to investigate current literature regarding Ayurvedic skincare and promote its continued research.

Results

Existing in vitro studies have demonstrated significant potential, indicating the need for further large‐scale testing. The rise of Ayurvedic ingredients is partially driven by the increasing cost of healthcare and the belief in the superiority of natural self‐medication. However, healthcare providers must educate patients on the potential dangers of relying solely on natural products. Products like concentrated lemon juice or homemade sunscreens lack scientific validation and have been implicated in various cosmetic and medical issues, highlighting the need to prevent misinformation and improve education from trusted sources.

Conclusions

This paper explores the current literature that establishes promising prospects for Ayurvedic skincare, emphasizing the need for quality control and clinical trials, and highlights how Ayurvedic medicine, as it modernizes, holds the potential to become a major player in cosmetic dermatology.
Hyaluronic High Definition Fill Technique
Authors: Lourenço Luciana M. , Di Sessa David , Tebet Ana Carolina Franco , de Noronha Maria Gabriela Ortiz , de Medeiros Helena Lourenço , Sigrist Rosa
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Achieving a defined abdomen through traditional surgical methods like liposuction and abdominoplasty involves risks and significant downtime. Hyaluronic acid (HA) body filling has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative, offering immediate results with reduced recovery periods.

Patients and Methods

The high‐definition abdomen through HA technique (HHD) was implemented on young men with BMI < 24.9, excluding those with obesity or excessive skin laxity. HA gel with large particle sizes (800–1800 μm) and high G prime was chosen based on subcutaneous thickness. Injections were guided by ultrasound into the lamellar fat layer between Camper's fascia and Scarpa's fascia, targeting abdominal metameres for enhancement. Participants completed the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale.

Results

The technique produced satisfactory outcomes, enhancing abdominal metamere definition. Mild post‐procedural hematomas and transient discomfort were noted. At 10 months, 71.4% of patients reported “much improved,” and 28.6% reported “improved,” per the GAIS questionnaire.

Discussion

Customizing HA characteristics and employing ultrasound guidance ensured safe and precise injections, minimizing vascular risks. Limitations such as HA's temporary nature and exclusions for surgical candidates were acknowledged.

Conclusion

HHD using large particle HA proved effective in achieving aesthetic abdominal enhancements with minimal risks and downtime. This technique not only provided immediate results but also contributed to enhanced patient satisfaction and self‐esteem. Further research is needed to explore broader applications and refine outcomes across diverse patient groups.
Governing Inter‐Organizational Collaboration through Purpose Work and Purpose Borrowing: How Social Enterprises' Normative Aspirations Influence Business Partners' Practices
Authors: Bruder Ignas M. , Sydow Jörg
Published: November 2024

Social enterprises may boost their impact by convincing collaborating businesses to contribute to their purposes. However, such enterprises typically lack the leverage to influence mainstream businesses. We investigate to what extent their abundant social resources might enable them to remedy this weakness to some extent. Taking a practice‐based perspective, we conduct an ethnographic case study of a social enterprise's collaborative relationships. We discover a collaboration process grounded in social purpose: If a social enterprise's underlying normative aspiration is to put ‘purpose before profit’ and it practices ‘purpose work’, its partners may conversely engage in ‘purpose borrowing’, which involves actions espousing the social enterprise's purpose even if they go against business common sense. We advance research on hybrid organizations by explaining how social enterprises can exert a significant degree of influence on their business partners thanks to their inherent social resources, which are more diverse and powerful than assumed so far. Furthermore, we contribute to inter‐organizational collaboration research by identifying a new mode of relational governance founded on social purpose that goes beyond the established modes based on legitimacy, trust, and reciprocity.
New mid‐Cretaceous macrothelids showing a similar living mode to extant Macrothelidae (Araneae: Mygalomorphae)
Authors: Wang Xuying , Yu Kun , Selden Paul A. , Ren Dong , Guo Xiangbo
Published: November 2024

Five new spider fossils of the family Macrothelidae (Araneae: Mygalomorphae) are described from mid‐Cretaceous Kachin amber, Myanmar. A new genus Acanthomacrothele gen. nov. is established for three new species: Acanthomacrothele pauciverrucae sp. nov., Acanthomacrothele geminata sp. nov., and Acanthomacrothele longicaudata sp. nov. Both male and female specimens of A. pauciverrucae sp. nov. are described, representing a rare case of a fossil spider with both sexes known. We also describe an unidentified juvenile of Macrothelidae to document different developmental stages of Cretaceous species. To test the phylogenetic position of the new fossils, we undertook phylogenetic analyses using both topology‐unconstrained and topology‐constrained methods. Our analyses supported the placement of Acanthomacrothele gen. nov. in Macrothelidae, although its phylogenetic relationship to other genera of Macrothelidae differed among different analytical methods. The fossils documented here have elongated, widely spaced posterior lateral spinnerets, compact rectangular group of eyes on a tubercle, and more spines on male tibia of anterior legs than female, similar to extant macrothelids, suggesting that they probably have similar retreat construction behavior, habitat preference, and mating position to their living relatives.
An Exploration Into the Measurement and Reporting of Food Firmness and Hardness
Authors: Rosenthal Andrew J.
Published: November 2024

Hardness is a commonly reported food property, measured by compression at a high strain where the food structure breaks. Hardness should not be reported for foods that deform without breaking. Firmness is an intermediate level of hardness associated with nondestructive compression, at strains typically around 0.1. Sensory perception enables accurate classifications of hardness. Conversely (and perhaps counterintuitively), instrumental measurements of hardness while often precise are not necessarily accurate. The outcome depending on the test protocol, whereby the geometry of the test apparatus, the speed of the test and the degree of deformation all influence the result. Ambiguity occurs in how instrumental measurements of hardness are reported, with some authors using stress, while others use force.
Ninja turtles: an experimental evaluation of potential anthropogenic barriers to movement for a freshwater turtle
Authors: Dowling J. M. , Bower D. S. , Nordberg E. J.
Published: November 2024

Anthropogenic landscape change due to urbanization, agriculture, and resource extraction results in barriers within the landscape. Artificial structures such as roads, fences, levees, and dams limit the movement of some species and further fragment residual habitat. In this study, we investigated the ability of Eastern long‐necked turtles (Chelodina longicollis) to cross various terrestrial obstacles commonly encountered throughout their habitat. We tested two types of fences (chicken wire and hinged joint exclusion fencing) commonly used in agricultural systems and three sizes of rocks (gravel, cobbles, and boulders) often used for road construction, erosion control, and waterway stabilization. We examined the success rates of turtles in crossing obstacles, the effect of fatigue on crossing attempts, and the impact of individual boldness on movement behaviour. Turtles had high success rates in crossing gravel (85.4%), cobbles (86%), boulders (73.3%) and hinged joint exclusion fencing (94.7%). Turtles did not successfully cross chicken wire fencing (0%) despite 276 attempts. A significant fatigue effect occurred throughout the experiment, with turtles making an average of 3.94 (±1.42 SE) fewer attempts at the end of the experiment (day 18) than on day 1. Bolder turtles were faster at crossing obstacles, but boldness had no influence on obstacle‐crossing success. Our results highlight the need for thoughtful selection of waterway, wetland, and riparian bordering infrastructure and the fatiguing impact of constant exposure to anthropogenic barriers for wildlife.
Feeding ecology of two wild sympatric canids in protected areas of northeastern Argentina
Authors: Bay‐Jouliá R. , Romero V. L. , Natalini M. B. , Kowalewski M. M.
Published: November 2024

The role of mesocarnivores in wildlife communities tends to be overlooked, which has led to a large gap in natural history knowledge. In northeastern Argentina, two mesocarnivore foxes, Cerdocyon thous and Lycalopex gymnocercus, live in sympatry in noncompetitive coexistence. Their feeding habits have been studied in many occasions; however, the studies related to trophic variability in a wider spatial scale remain scarce. In this study, we aimed to analyze how the diet of these foxes varies in three protected areas in Argentina: the Mburucuyá National Park (MNP), the “San Nicolás Portal” (SN), and the Natural Reserve Rincón de Santa María (RSM). We collected fecal samples in each area, identified them using thin layer chromatography at species level, and classified the found feeding items to obtained two parameters: occurrence and relative frequency. Furthermore, we compared the diet of the two species in each site and between sites using chi‐square and estimated trophic niche breadth and overlap between the species. We found that both species consumed different food categories, with variable frequencies across study sites. We observed that in each area, the foxes differed in diet composition. However, we found no differences between the diet compositions of C. thous and L. gymnocercus, showing high niche overlap in each site. Here, we show the plasticity of both fox species in changing their diets even with small geographical variation. Both species can coexist even with a high diet overlap, possibly explained by their noncompetitive coexistence which may occur due to the current changes in the ecosystem interactions, or partitioning may exist but on a smaller niche level.
A multi‐perspective fusion model for operating speed prediction on highways using knowledge‐enhanced graph neural networks
Authors: Gao Jianqiang , Yu Bo , Chen Yuren , Gao Kun , Bao Shan
Published: November 2024

This study proposes a multi‐perspective fusion model for operating speed prediction based on knowledge‐enhanced graph neural networks, named RoadGNN‐S. By utilizing message passing and multi‐head self‐attention mechanisms, RoadGNN‐S can effectively capture the coupling impacts of multi‐perspective alignment elements (i.e., two‐dimensional design, 2.5‐dimensional driving, and three‐dimensional spatial perspectives). The results of driving simulation data show that root mean squared error, mean absolute error, mean absolute percentage error, and R‐squared values of RoadGNN‐S are superior to those of other classic deep learning algorithms. Then, prior knowledge (i.e., highway geometry supply, driver expectations, and vehicle dynamics) is introduced into RoadGNN‐S, and the models’ prediction accuracy and transferability are verified by field observation experiments. Compared to the above data‐driven models, knowledge‐enhanced RoadGNN‐S effectively avoids the fundamental errors, improving the R‐squared value in predicting passenger cars’ and trucks’ operating speed by 7.9% and 10.7%, respectively. The findings of this study facilitate the intelligent highway geometric design with multi‐perspective fusion and knowledge enhancement techniques.
Exploring the Caregiver Experiences of Symptom Management in Children With Cancer: A Qualitative Systematic Review
Authors: Whalan Ethan , Skrabal Ross Xiomara , Bowers Alison , Bradford Natalie
Published: November 2024

Although caregivers of children with cancer play an instrumental role in managing their child's symptoms, the impact of their own experiences or perspectives is under‐explored. Understanding these factors is essential as they influence caregiving behaviors and overall well‐being. This qualitative systematic review addresses this knowledge gap by synthesizing existing research on caregiver's experiences. The review is reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Two reviewers utilized Rayyan to screen titles and abstracts retrieved from comprehensive keyword searches of five databases including CINAHL, APA PsycINFO, Embase, and MEDLINE. Databases and bibliographies were hand‐searched for additional articles. One reviewer completed full text assessment and data were extracted into an Excel spreadsheet. The Quality Assessment with Diverse Studies tool was used to appraise included studies. Thematic content analysis was used to synthesize findings, which are presented narratively. Twelve articles are included, representing the experiences of 597 caregivers, most of which (83%) were undertaken in high‐income nations. Quality appraisal scores indicated all studies were of moderate to robust quality. Three main themes were identified including: (1) caregivers as protectors in their role, (2) normalization of symptoms yet they remain disrupting, and (3) communication between the caregiver and child. Findings emphasize the importance of formalized information provision and education to better support caregivers in managing their child's cancer‐related symptoms. Nurses are uniquely positioned to provide this essential support thereby improving the quality of life for both caregivers and children.
Ornithogalum christiniae (Asparagaceae): a new species from an offshore islet on the Cretan area (S. Aegean, Greece).
Authors: Kypriotakis Zacharias , Tzanoudakis Dimitrios , Antaloudaki Eleftheria
Published: November 2024

Ornithogalum christiniae sp. nov., collected from the offshore islet of Agria Gramvousa (northwestern Crete, Greece), is described and illustrated as a locally endemic species. It is related to Ornithogalum montanum, O. atticum and O. pumilum, however, it differs from these in having wrinkled and corrugated leaf surface, fruiting pedicels thickened at base, flexuose rachis of infructescence and winged capsules. The relationships between the new species and the aforementioned are discussed, while information regarding its ecology, conservation status and karyotype is also given.
A style guide for the structuralist
Authors: Carr Lucy
Published: November 2024

Ontic structuralists claim that there are no individual objects, and that reality should instead be thought of as a “web of relations”. It is difficult to make this metaphysical picture precise, however, since languages usually characterize the world by describing the objects that exist in it. This paper proposes a solution to the problem; I argue that when discourse is reformulated in the language of the calculus of relations ‐ an algebraic logic developed by Alfred Tarski ‐ it can be interpreted without presupposing the existence of objects. What is distinctive about the language of the calculus is that it contains no operator that resembles a quantifier, and yet it can be used to paraphrase any sentence expressible in first‐order logic. Since the use of a first‐order quantifier (or some similar operator) is usually what establishes commitment to an ontology of objects, and since the calculus of relations eschews the quantifier in favor of a composition operator that can be given a natural interpretation consistent with structuralist metaphysics, the calculus is an ideal language for the structuralist to use to describe the world.
MicroRNA399s and strigolactones mediate systemic phosphate signaling between dodder‐connected host plants and control association of host plants with rhizosphere microbes
Authors: Zhao Man , Zheng Xijie , Su Zhongxiang , Shen Guojing , Xu Yuxing , Feng Zerui , Li Wenxing , Zhang Shuhan , Cao Guoyan , Zhang Jingxiong , Wu Jianqiang
Published: November 2024

A dodder (Cuscuta) often simultaneously parasitizes two or more adjacent hosts. Phosphate (Pi) deficiency is a common stress for plants, and plants often interact with soil microbes, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), to cope with Pi stress. Little is known about whether dodder transmits Pi deficiency‐induced systemic signals between different hosts.

In this study, dodder‐connected plant clusters, each composed of two tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants connected by a dodder, were established, and in each cluster, one of the two tobacco plants was treated with Pi starvation. AMF colonization efficiency, rhizosphere bacterial community, and transcriptome were analyzed in the other dodder‐connected Pi‐replete tobacco plant to study the functions of interplant Pi signals.

We found that dodder transfers Pi starvation‐induced systemic signals between host plants, resulting in enhanced AMF colonization, changes of rhizosphere bacterial communities, and alteration of transcriptomes in the roots of Pi‐replete plants. Importantly, genetic analyses indicated that microRNA399s (miR399s) and strigolactones suppress the systemic Pi signals and negatively affect AMF colonization in the Pi‐replete plants.

These findings provide new insight into the ecological role of dodder in mediating host–host and host–microbe interactions and highlight the importance of strigolactone and miR399 pathways in systemic Pi signaling.
Developmental constraint underlies the replicated evolution of grass awns
Authors: Patterson Erin , MacGregor Dana R. , Heeney Michelle M. , Gallagher Joseph , O'Connor Devin , Nuesslein Benedikt , Bartlett Madelaine Elisabeth
Published: November 2024

Replicated trait evolution can provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the evolution of biodiversity. One example of replicated evolution is the awn, an organ elaboration in grass inflorescences.

Awns are likely homologous to leaf blades. We hypothesized that awns have evolved repeatedly because a conserved leaf blade developmental program is continuously activated and suppressed over the course of evolution, leading to the repeated emergence and loss of awns. To evaluate predictions arising from our hypothesis, we used ancestral state estimations, comparative genetics, anatomy, and morphology to trace awn evolution.

We discovered that awned lemmas that evolved independently share similarities in developmental trajectory. In addition, in two species with independently derived awns and differing awn morphologies (Brachypodium distachyon and Alopecurus myosuroides), we found that orthologs of the YABBY transcription factor gene DROOPING LEAF are required for awn initiation. Our analyses of awn development in Brachypodium distachyon, Alopecurus myosuroides, and Holcus lanatus also revealed that differences in the relative expansion of awned lemma compartments can explain diversity in awn morphology at maturity.

Our results show that developmental conservation can underlie replicated evolution and can potentiate the evolution of morphological diversity.
Mechanisms Underlying Medication‐Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
Authors: Lee Kyeongho , Kim Kihun , Kim June Yeon , Kim Jin‐Woo , Kang Young‐Hoon , Kim Yun Hak , Kim Sung‐Jin
Published: November 2024

Objective

Medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a rare but debilitating disease characterized by a progressive necrosis of jaw bones in patients who have received anti‐resorptive or anti‐angiogenic therapies. Unfortunately, we still have no validated preventive or pharmaceutical interventions to help these patients, primarily due to our limited understanding of MRONJ pathogenesis. Here, we offer an extensive review of recent studies relevant to MRONJ pathogenesis. We present a hypothesis regarding the coupling of bone resorption and angiogenesis that relies on osteoblast‐derived, matrix‐bound vascular endothelial growth factors to explain why ONJ is associated with both anti‐resorptive and anti‐angiogenic agents.

Methods

A narrative review was conducted by searching databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, to retrieve relevant reports.

Results

Reduced bone resorption leads to reduced angiogenesis, and vice versa, creating a vicious cycle that ultimately results in ischemic necrosis of the jaw. Additionally, we suggest that reduced angiogenesis, induced by anti‐resorptive or anti‐angiogenic agents, aggravates bacterial infection‐induced bone necrosis, explaining why the jaw bone is particularly susceptible to necrosis.

Conclusion

Our novel hypothesis will facilitate the advancement of future research and the development of more targeted approaches to managing MRONJ.
Biotic and abiotic effects on tree regeneration vary by life stage in European primary forests
Authors: Martini Francesco , Buechling Arne , Bače Radek , Hofmeister Jeňýk , Janda Pavel , Matula Radim , Svoboda Miroslav
Published: November 2024

An observed acceleration of tree mortality rates in European forests has been attributed to the impacts of climate change and extreme disturbances. Ecosystem recovery depends on regeneration success, but the recruitment of juveniles has been recognized as bottleneck in the development of forests. We investigated the potential importance of biotic (canopy tree abundance, ungulate herbivory) and abiotic (light, soil nutrients) factors in the limitation of regeneration in montane primary forests in central Europe. We used widely distributed forest inventory data (n = 348 plots) for two forest types, multiple tree taxa, and two life stages (seedlings and saplings). Seedling densities were promoted by more abundant parent trees, but saplings were either negatively influenced or unaffected by the number of conspecific adults. Browsing intensity (per capita defoliation severity) strongly limited the density of seedlings, but not saplings, at a community level. Low understory light levels were positively associated with seedling densities, but either did not affect or depressed sapling abundance A tolerance of shading was enhanced by nitrogen availability in some taxa. Our findings reflect highly complex, context‐specific regeneration processes that vary by species and life stage within species.
Management of patients at risk of harms from both continuing and discontinuing their long‐term opioid therapy: A qualitative study to inform the gap in clinical practice guidelines
Authors: Timko Christine , Lor Mai Chee , Kertesz Stefan , Kroenke Kurt , Macia Kathryn , Nevedal Andrea , Hoggatt Katherine J.
Published: November 2024

Background

Although long‐term opioid therapy (LTOT) for chronic pain has declined, it remains common in the U.S. Providers do not have clinical practice guidelines for vulnerable LTOT patients, in whom both LTOT continuation and tapering to discontinuation pose risks of harm and in whom opioid use disorder (OUD) is absent.

Methods

To begin to meet the gap in guidelines, the study used a multiple case study approach. Five cases were constructed to systematically vary key elements of LTOT continuation and discontinuation harms among patients reporting LTOT's lack of efficacy (experience of pain and poor function). For each, treatment approaches were collected from 28 opioid safety experts identified through their participation in a national policy panel (19 were physicians) and analyzed using template analysis.

Results

For patients receiving LTOT with harms of continuation and discontinuation, experts recommended attempting a slow taper (even with a prior unsuccessful taper, possibly with adjuvant medications to manage withdrawal) and not maintaining opioid therapy. Experts considered switching to buprenorphine, especially if the patient had aberrant behaviors. They also considered adding non‐opioid pain therapies (especially re‐trying such therapies if they were unhelpful before) and engaging in shared decisionmaking, although with little consensus on specific approaches. Some experts would address co‐occurring conditions related to patient safety (alcohol use, mental health symptoms, opioid side effects). Few experts referenced assessing or addressing OUD or overdose risk. In quantitative data, 36% of experts agreed LTOT is beneficial, 36% agreed most LTOT patients should be discontinued, and 57% agreed patients experience harm from tapering and from discontinuation.

Discussion

Evidence is needed to build on and test these experts' recommendations to attempt tapering and add non‐opioid pain therapies for patients reporting harms of continued LTOT who may experience harms from tapering. Such evidence informs the development of clinical practice guidelines that provide comprehensive protocols to support the safety and functioning of this group of patients.
Pathway elucidation and heterologous reconstitution of the long‐chain alkane pentadecane biosynthesis from Pogostemon cablin
Authors: Wen Jing , Xia Wanxian , Wang Ying , Li Juan , Guo Ruihao , Zhao Yue , Fen Jing , Duan Xinyu , Wei Guo , Wang Guodong , Li Zhengguo , Xu Haiyang
Published: November 2024

Very‐long‐chain (VLC) alkanes are major components of hydrophobic cuticular waxes that cover the aerial epidermis of land plants, serving as a waterproofing barrier to protect the plant against environmental stresses. The mechanism of VLC‐alkane biosynthesis has been extensively elucidated in plants. However, little is known about the biosynthesis of long‐chain alkanes (LC, C13 ~ C19) such as pentadecane in plants. Alkanes with different chain lengths are also major constituents of fossil fuels and thus the discovery of the alkane biosynthetic machinery in plants would provide a toolbox of enzymes for the production of renewable hydrocarbon sources and next generations of biofuels. The top leaves of Pogostemon cablin at young stage accumulate large amounts of LC‐alkane pentadecane, making this plant an excellent system for the elucidation of LC‐alkane biosynthetic machinery in plant. We show here that LC‐alkane pentadecane biosynthesis in P. cablin involves an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐localized complex made of PcCER1‐LIKE3 and PcCER3, homologues of Arabidopsis ECERIFERUM1 (AtCER1) and AtCER3 proteins that are involved in Arabidopsis VLC‐alkane biosynthesis. We reconstitute the biosynthesis of pentadecane in Nicotiana benthamiana by co‐expression of PcCER1‐LIKE3 and PcCER3 and further improve its production by silencing multifunctional acetyl‐CoA carboxylases involved in fatty acid elongation pathway. Taken together, we uncovered the key biosynthetic machinery of LC‐alkane pentadecane in P. cablin and demonstrated that using these newly identified enzymes to engineer this LC‐alkane for liquid biofuel production in a heterologous plant host is possible.
A Strategy for Optimization of Self‐Care in the Treatment of Children and Young People After Liver Transplantation: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Takeuchi Sachi , Hagiwara Kuniko , Ueno Takehisa
Published: November 2024

Background

To optimize self‐care in the treatment of children and young people (CYP) after liver transplantation, intervention by healthcare professionals is necessary for both the CYP and their parents. Increasing evidence supports a comprehensive intervention strategy with dedicated individual time, but data on specific ways of involvement are limited. We explored specific and structured intervention strategies within the healthcare system in Japan to optimize self‐care in treatment for CYP after liver transplantation by describing the best practices discussed by healthcare providers.

Methods

We conducted semi‐structured interviews with six RN clinical transplant coordinators from six different facilities in Japan. We inquired about their collaborative interventions with other healthcare professionals for CYP after liver transplantation. Each interview was audio‐recorded, and anonymized transcripts were qualitatively coded and analyzed.

Results

Our findings revealed interventions to optimize self‐care in CYP after liver transplantation, involving three core categories: invest in future young people, grounding autonomy from the start, employ a patient‐centered approach to optimizing self‐care in CYP after liver transplant, and optimize the environment as an enabling factor for self‐care through CYP stage.

Conclusions

This study emphasizes a holistic approach to optimizing self‐care in CYP after liver transplantation by integrating normative development with transplant therapy demands. It focuses on two key age groups: early childhood and adolescence, within a life course perspective.
A novel Agroathelia species causing southern blight on Aconitum carmichaelii in Sichuan, China
Authors: Wang Siyu , Wang Qian , Gou Yumei , Hou Hongji , Qiu Yujie , Su Tianwei , Dong Mengting , Zou Lan , Huang Jing
Published: November 2024

Aconitum carmichaelii is a prominent medicinal plant widely used in Asian countries. Southern blight is one of the main soilborne diseases and has severely restricted the sustainable development of A. carmichaelii. Its causative pathogen was identified as Sclerotium rolfsii in 1981 in the main planting areas. Typical southern blight symptoms were observed on A. carmichaelii in Jiangyou, Sichuan, China, from 2020 to 2023, and five fungal strains were isolated from diseased A. carmichaelii plants. Fungal isolates formed white, fluffy, cotton‐like mycelium and dark brown, round or oval sclerotia. The lethal temperature for these isolates was 55°C, while they showed various resistant capacities against acid, alkaline and salt conditions and fungicides. Starch and ammonium chloride were the optimal carbon and nitrogen sources for the fungal isolates, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on concatenated sequences of rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS), large subunit (LSU) and β‐tubulin (TUB) revealed that these five isolates clustered independently into the Agroathelia clade but with <97% identity to reference strains and were characterized as Agroathelia sp. nov. Inoculation of fungal hyphal plugs on A. carmichaelii roots and plants caused severe southern blight symptoms. Cross‐pathogenicity tests demonstrated that the five isolates also displayed high pathogenicity on eggplant and tomato plants. These findings provide valuable insights into a novel southern blight pathogen of A. carmichaelii that may contribute to effective management of this disease.
Post‐term births as a risk factor for small for gestational age births and infant mortality in Brazil, Mexico, and Palestinian refugees: An analysis of electronic birth records
Authors: Jamaluddine Zeina , Suarez Idueta Lorena , Paixao Enny S. , Pescarini Julia M. , Ghattas Hala , Sato Miho , Seita Akihiro , Martinez‐Juarez Luis A. , Barreto Mauricio L. , Ohuma Eric O. , Day Louise T. , Campbell Oona M. R. , Blencowe Hannah
Published: November 2024

Background

Post‐term pregnancy, defined as reaching or exceeding 42 + 0 weeks of gestation, is known to be associated with unfavourable birth outcomes. High‐income countries have responded to this risk by widely adopting labour induction protocols in late‐term, but many low‐ and middle‐income countries have not. However, understanding underlying mechanisms linking post‐term births to adverse newborn and infant outcomes remains limited.

Objective

To investigate the (a) prevalence of post‐term, (b) the risk factors associated with post‐term (c) the association between post‐term births and the risk of small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) neonates and of infant mortality in middle‐income settings.

Methods

We used existing electronic datasets from the general population of Brazil, Mexico, and Palestinian refugees. Regression models were used to explore the associations between post‐term birth and SGA and infant mortality.

Results

We analysed 21,335,033 live births in Brazil (2011–2018), 23,416,126 in Mexico (2008–2019), and 966,102 in Palestinian refugees (2010–2020) (N = 45,717,261). Post‐term deliveries accounted for 3.1% of births in Brazil, 1.2% in Mexico, and 2.1% in Palestinian refugees. Post‐term births had approximately three times the risk of resulting in SGA neonates compared to term births. Additionally, post‐term neonates exhibited a 15% to 40% increased risk of infant mortality compared to term infants. Notably, post‐term SGA neonates faced a significantly increased risk of infant mortality compared to term appropriate for gestational age neonates.

Conclusions

These findings emphasise the critical significance of implementing induction strategies to prevent post‐term pregnancies and mitigate the associated risks of SGA neonates and subsequent infant mortality. Moreover, the study highlights the importance of accurately determining gestational age and using INTERGROWTH‐21st charts to improve the identification of SGA cases, enabling targeted interventions. This is especially relevant because post‐term SGA neonates may not exhibit low birthweight (a commonly used risk marker) and, therefore, may miss out on required specialised attention.
Mowing of the moss layer triggers the loss of endangered fen bryophytes
Authors: Ceulemans Tobias , Emsens Willem‐Jan
Published: November 2024

Fens are the predominant peatlands in temperate regions and provide key ecosystem services such as water retention and carbon sequestration. Under threat of drainage, discharge of polluted water, and subsequent eutrophication, fen conservation is a priority. A key feature of fens is their high biodiversity, particularly of specialist bryophytes that play a pivotal role in peat formation. Since many mosses are poor competitors, increased growth of vascular plants following eutrophication is often remediated by annual mowing with litter removal. The precise mowing method favoring bryophytes is rarely investigated, yet creation of “recruitment gaps” by mowing of the bryophyte layer has been recommended. We performed a 3‐year field experiment with three annual treatments: (1) mowing of the bryophyte and vascular plant layer to create gaps, (2) only mowing of vascular plants above the bryophyte layer, and (3) not mowing. Our results show that mowing of bryophytes is detrimental for endangered bryophytes, specifically Sphagnum contortum, S. teres, Warnstorfia exannulata, Calliergon giganteum, and Hamatocaulis vernicosus. Only the generalist species S. palustre and Calliergonella cuspidata benefited from bryophyte mowing. We also found that accretion of the bryophyte layer and development of micro‐topography are impeded by bryophyte mowing, potentially hampering future water retention and carbon sequestration. Nevertheless, mowing of vascular plants proved necessary as fen specialists S. teres, S. contortum, S. subsecundum, W. exannulata, and Bryum pseudotriquetrum declined in the unmown treatment. We conclude that, if mowing is necessary to remediate eutrophication, it should be restricted to vascular plants, particularly in fens with endangered bryophytes.
A quantitative analysis of biosafety and biosecurity using attack trees in low‐to‐moderate risk scenarios: Evidence from iGEM
Authors: Zhang Xi , Xiao Zhanpeng , Zhang Te , Wei Xin
Published: November 2024

As synthetic biology is extensively applied in numerous frontier disciplines, the biosafety and biosecurity concerns with designing and constructing novel biological parts, devices, and systems have inevitably come to the forefront due to potential misuse, abuse, and environmental risks from unintended exposure or potential ecological impacts. The International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) competition often serves as the inception of many synthetic biologists’ research careers and plays a pivotal role in the secure progression of the entire synthetic biology field. Even with iGEM's emphasis on biosafety and biosecurity, continuous risk assessment is crucial due to the potential for unforeseen consequences and the relative inexperience of many participants. In this study, possible risk points for the iGEM projects in 2022 were extracted. An attack tree that captures potential risks and threats from experimental procedures, ethical issues, and hardware safety for each iGEM‐based attack scenario is constructed. It is found that most of the attack scenarios are related to experimental procedures. The relative likelihood of each scenario is then determined by using an established assessment framework. This research expands the traditionally qualitative analysis of risk society theory, reveals the risk formation in the synthetic biology team, and provides practical implications.
The Effect of Race and Sex on Contact Sex Crime Arrest Odds
Authors: Roskin‐Frazee Amelia
Published: November 2024

This article investigates how the intersection of race and sex affects contact sex crime arrest odds. Logistic regression analyses of 2012–2016 U.S. National Incident‐Based Reporting System data for 391,352 people reported to law enforcement for contact sex crimes reveals that Black people reported for contact sex crimes have higher odds of arrest than those reported who are not Black, and the relationship between race and arrest odds varies by sex—the effect is stronger for those labeled “female” or “other” and weaker for those labeled “male.” I posit that sex strengthens the effect of race on contact sex crime arrest odds for those who are not male because race helps construct non‐male bodies as masculine, and in a U.S. cultural context that has viewed sex as a legitimate way of asserting male dominance, sexual violence is masculine. However, race is not necessary to construct most male bodies as masculine, making the strength of race's effect on contact sex crime arrest odds less significant for males.
Peritumoral Edema in Canine Extra‐Axial Brain Tumours: Effect of Steroids
Authors: Poirier Valerie J. , Gieger Tracy , James Fiona M. K. , Jensen Monica , Hocker Samuel , Pinard Christopher J. , Nykamp Stephanie
Published: November 2024

This multicenter retrospective study evaluated the effects of a time delay and steroids on the volume of peritumoral edema (VPTE) in dogs with extra‐axial brain tumours. The hypothesis is that VPTE will decrease between the diagnostic (MRI‐1) and RT planning (MRI‐2) MRIs following the administration of steroids. Inclusion required paired MRI acquisitions within 3 months, with VPTE contouring for each MRI registered to the RT planning CT. No edema was defined as < 0.2 cm3, increased edema was > 30% VPTE increase and decreased edema was > 30% VPTE decrease. Forty‐four dogs of which 34 (77%) received steroids between MRIs were included. The median time between the MRIs was 22 days (range: 8–74 days). Nine (20%) had no edema on both MRIs. The median MRI‐1/VPTE: 0.83 cm3 (IQR: 0.15–2.06 cm3) and median MRI‐2/VPTE: 0.40 cm3 (IQR: 0.06–1.12 cm3) were significantly different (p = 0.048). Compared to MRI‐1/VPTE: 17 (39%) VPTE decreased, eight were stable and 10 increased. The median VPTE difference was −21%, range: −100 to +6287. With steroids, VPTE decreased in 15/34 (44%) and increasedin 6/34 (18%) (median VPTE diff: −60%) compared to no steroids (median VPTE diff: +25%). Steroids use was associated with change in VPTE (p = 0.009). Two dogs had clinical deterioration and were on steroids with documented VPTE increase (+86% and +1880%) without tumour progression. The change in VPTE is highly variable but reduction is associated with steroids. Notably, subjective improvement of clinical signs can be seen without significant decrease to the VPTE on imaging.
Efficacy of multiple Brassica biofumigation techniques in the suppression of non‐native and native grass seedling emergence and productivity
Authors: Sencenbaugh Lilly , Mangold Jane M. , Ulrich Danielle E. M. , Rew Lisa J.
Published: November 2024

Non‐native annual grasses are degrading rangelands in the western United States and of vital management importance. Novel management strategies are needed to extend current approaches. The aim of this study was to determine if biofumigation was a viable strategy to manage non‐native annual grasses (cheatgrass, Bromus tectorum and ventenata, Ventenata dubia). We tested the effect of Brassica juncea as ground seed meal, seed meal leachate, mustard straw, mustard straw leachate and cereal straw at increasing rates on the two non‐native species and two native perennial grasses (Idaho fescue, Festuca idahoensis and bluebunch wheatgrass, Pseudoroegneria spicata) in a growth chamber experiment. A solarization split treatment was applied using a clear cover to determine if solarization enhanced the biofumigant effect. We recorded the number of emergent seedlings after a 3‐week growth period, determined the effective dose 50%, and the above‐ and belowground biomass. Emergence was inhibited for all species using ground seed meal and seed meal leachate, with lower rates and higher consistency achieved with ground seed meal. Three species were inhibited using mustard straw leachate (not F. idahoensis). Mustard straw reduced emergence in all species but was not different from cereal straw. Solarization did not enhance the effects of the biofumigant for seed meal or mustard straw; conversely, emergence increased from the seed meal and mustard straw leachates under solarization. Responses in biomass varied across species and treatment. Biofumigation applied as ground seed meal may be a viable option for integrated weed management in rangelands, but field experimentation is necessary.
Integration Challenges of Ukrainian Teenage Refugees in European Classrooms: A Mixed Method Analysis
Authors: Kolbel Martin
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the integration of Ukrainian teenage war refugees into the educational systems of three different host countries (i.e. Austria, Germany and England). Due to rare insights this paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the multifaceted challenges faced by adolescent Ukrainian refugees in the aforementioned receiving nations through both qualitative (i.e. interviews) and quantitative (i.e. questionnaires) analysis to ensure variety and transparency of data.By examining the manifestations language proficiency, educational background, academic experience, social background and perceived barriers, this study contributes to a nuanced understanding of the multifaceted challenges faced by Ukrainian teenage war refugees in their educational journeys. The analysis revealed that social factors, including peer relationships, support networks and supportive student-teacher relationships have a huge impact on the overall well-being and integration of Ukrainian teenage war refugees in their host communities, while experienced war-related traumata and language barriers are regarded as a heavy burden. The findings aim to inform educational policies that facilitate a more inclusive and supportive environment for the successful integration of this vulnerable population.
Digital Political Communication in Emerging Democracy: A Comparative Study of Indonesia, India, and Brazil
Authors: Pureklolon Thomas Tokan , Pawe Arnoldus , Pramono Rudy
Published: November 2024

The victory of right-wing political parties in democratic countries worldwide has garnered significant attention and presented unique challenges. The structured and widespread use of social media platforms is alleged to play a crucial role, enabling these parties to actively shape influence, attract voter sympathy, and mobilize support on a broad scale. Using the evidence from the presidential and parliamentary elections in Indonesia, India, and Brazil, this research examines how the populist candidates in these major democracies effectively utilized appealing patterns and styles of political communication on the social media. Through a comparative analysis of the 33 articles published in the International journals between 2019 and 2023, the findings have revealed some similarities in the digital political communication patterns and styles among the victorious populist figures. This study specifically highlights the facts that these figures employ digital communication strategies centered on two key aspects, namely: (1) promoting populist narratives through the social media and (2) crafting personalized self-images. These strategies are shown to be instrumental in securing election wins for the populist leaders concerned.
A property of the interleaving distance for sheaves
Authors: Petit François , Schapira Pierre , Waas Lukas
Published: November 2024

Let be a real analytic manifold endowed with a distance satisfying suitable properties and let be a field. In [Petit and Schapira, Selecta Math. 29 (2023), no. 70, DOI 10.1007/s00029‐023‐00875‐6], the authors construct a pseudo‐distance on the derived category of sheaves of ‐modules on , generalizing a previous construction of [Kashiwara and Schapira, J. Appl. Comput. Math. Topol. 2 (2018), 83–113]. We prove here that if the distance between two constructible sheaves with compact support (or more generally, constructible sheaves up to infinity) on is zero, then these two sheaves are isomorphic, answering a question of [Kashiwara and Schapira, J. Appl. Comput. Math. Topol. 2 (2018), 83–113]. We also prove that our results imply a similar statement for finitely presentable persistence modules due to Lesnick.
Locally flat simple spheres in CP2$\mathbb {C}P^2$
Authors: Conway Anthony , Orson Patrick
Published: November 2024

The fundamental group of the complement of a locally flat surface in a 4‐manifold is called the knot group of the surface. In this article, we prove that two locally flat 2‐spheres in  with knot group are ambiently isotopic if they are homologous. This combines with work of Tristram and Lee–Wilczyński, as well as the classification of ‐surfaces, to complete a proof of the statement: a class  is represented by a locally flat sphere with abelian knot group if and only if ; and this sphere is unique up to ambient isotopy.
Convex surfaces with prescribed induced metrics in anti‐de Sitter spacetimes
Authors: Chen Qiyu , Schlenker Jean‐Marc
Published: November 2024

Let be a closed surface of genus at least 2, let be a smooth metric of curvature on , and let be a hyperbolic metric on . We show that there exists a unique quasifuchsian AdS spacetime with left metric isotopic to , containing a past‐convex Cauchy surface with induced metric isotopic to .