bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mengasah Potensi Kepribadian Anak melalui Pendekatan Komunikasi Positif
Authors: Ahmad Nur
Published: July 2020

Positive communication is communication that is able to develop its positive potency of children. Positive communication is built to form the fabric of a child’s personality that will also be established between parents and children. It can cultivate emotional intelligence. Of course, these two things will make a valuable provision for children’s development in the future. While missed communication would cause them uneducated and ignorant. Failure in communicating would
normally make a child called weird or crazy. Actually there are a few tips to succeed in realizing the potency of the child’s qualified personality, such as provide exemplary son, make the house as a science park, provides a vehicle for creativity, avoid negative emotions and always pray for children to be always given a good personality and mental health. Later in the development potency of the child’s personality can also be affected by a variety of factors. One of them is the positive communication patterns of parents towards their children (get them to always communicate in a positive environment). If the communication patterns of parents are bad, the negative impact will be felt by the child as well.
Pengembangan Aplikasi SIZISKU 1.0 Untuk Meningkatkan Optimalisasi Pengelolaan Lembaga Zakat Nasional
Authors: Sehiling Selvi , Oktavia Nurul Kumala Firza , Anas Khirul , Ridlwan Ahmad Ajib
Published: July 2020

The potential of receiving zakat, infak and alms in Indonesia is quite large. That is because the majority of Indonesia's population is Moslem, reaching 207.2 million people (BPS, 2017). On the other hand, the number of poor people in Indonesia is also quite alarming, reaching 27.77 million people (BPS, 2017). Therefore, it is expected that the potential of receiving zakat, infak and alms can be managed as well as possible so that the benefits can be optimal as a counterweight to the country's economic sector. This paper aims to present the idea of an android-based application development product named SIZISKU. This application is a new idea that aims to improve the optimization of zakat, infak and alms management by integrating national zakat institutions. By integrating national zakat institutions in an integrated application, the mustahik (the receivers of zakat, infak, and alms) database of all zakat institutions can be collected. By that way, it can avoid overlapping zakat recipients from the same institution. It also makes the distribution of zakat, donations and alms can be delivered equally. In addition, the purpose of this paper is to find out what the stages to develop the application and who are the parties involved to implement it. The result of this writing is the prototype of the SIZISKU application.
Организация и проведение противоэпидемических мероприятий по предупреждению распространения новой коронавирусной инфекции в Тюменской области: опыт организации обсерватора
Authors: Кедрова Ольга
Published: July 2020

В статье представлен опыт по обеспечению стабильной санитарно-эпидемиологической обстановки на территории Тюменской области в период выявления случая новой коронавирусной инфекции в январе 2020г. и развертывания обсервационного госпиталя для эвакуированных граждан из г.Ухань провинции Хубэй Китайской Народной Республики (далее КНР) в феврале 2020 г. Показана роль межведомственного взаимодействия для обеспечения биологической безопасности и санитарно-эпидемиологического благополучия населения с целью недопущения распространения новой короновирусной инфекции, вызванной 2019-nCoV
Suture and Needle Characteristics in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Pacer Elizabeth , Griffin Daniel W. , Anderson Ashley B. , Tintle Scott M. , Potter Benjamin K.
Published: July 2020

Update

This article was updated on July 30, 2020, because of a previous error. On pages 1 and 11, in the byline section and author affiliation section, “Dan W. Griffith” now reads “Daniel W. Griffin,” and “D.W. Griffith” reads “D.W. Griffin.”

An erratum has been published: JBJS Reviews. 2020 Aug;8(8):e19.00133ER.

» There remains a dearth of research on and general knowledge with regard to materials used for wound closure and soft-tissue repair and approximation.

» Critical suture properties include physical configuration, fluid absorption and capillarity, caliber or diameter, tensile strength, torsion, absorbability, elasticity, plasticity, memory, coefficient of friction, and knot security. The optimal ranges of each of these characteristics remain undefined for most sutures and indications.

» Needle types and basic design characteristics affect suture passage and require further consideration with regard to specific suture-needle selection.

» Suture must perform its intended purpose with a minimum of undesirable reaction and infectious potential, adequate duration of efficacy, and adequate strength. However, stronger, or high tensile strength, suture is not always better because of the requisite increase in suture caliber as well as the potential for inadvertent tissue strangulation, possibly increasing inflammatory reactivity. Sometimes, we seek stable, watertight fascial closure; occasionally, strong and durable tendon repair; and other times, gentle, cosmetically friendly, skin eversion and opposition. A variety of common suture types differ in these critical characteristics and may be optimally utilized for contrasting, but sometimes overlapping, indications.
A IDEIA DE JUSTIÇA: PROMETEU ACORRENTADO E O LAWFARE
Authors: Tavares Eliana da Silva
Published: July 2020

Buscamos analisar a maneira com que diferentes agentes do Estado utilizaram o aparato jurídico para julgar e condenar o ex-presidente Luís Inácio Lula da Silva, bem como para estabelecer as condições de cumprimento da pena a ele impetrada. Nessa medida, nosso objetivo consistiu em aferir se houve abuso de meios jurídicos para a condenação do réu, o que caracteriza, de acordo com a literatura, prática de lawfare. Nosso corpus de análise é constituído por dois artigos, um do site Rede Brasil Atual, outro do site Consultor Jurídico. Como metodologia, cotejamos os argumentos dispostos nos artigos referidos, à luz da fundamentação teórica estabelecida como aporte, a qual aborda, por um lado, a argumentação enquanto prática discursiva (TAVARES, 2007; BAKHTIN, 2010) e, por outro lado, o imbricamento das noções de justiça e de legitimidade (BENJAMIN, 2003; MEYER, 2010; SEN, 2011). É possível afirmar, enquanto resultado do estudo, que não é a estrutura institucional que garante justiça, como se fosse uma entidade transcendente à dinâmica social. Assim, chegamos à conclusão geral de que é a maneira como os agentes fazem girar a roda dessa estrutura, ou seja, o jogo de relações humanas efetivas, que determinam e legitimam a ideia de justiça.
The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Women over 50 Years Old Deserves More Attention
Authors: Jiao Yang , Xie Xuan , Zhang Chunhong , Ming Jie , Xu Shaoyong , Wang Yangwei , Yao Xiaoli , Jia Aihua , Li Hui , Sui Jing , Qin Jianjun , Li Wenjie , Zhang Haixiong , Zhao Xin , Ji Qiuhe
Published: July 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to author disagreement.
A dynamic in-vitro model of the intestinal epithelium for the investigation of P-glycoprotein activity
Authors: Costa Joana , Almonti Vanessa , Cacopardo Ludovica , Poli Daniele , Rapposelli Simona , Ahluwalia Arti
Published: July 2020

Multidrug resistance is still an obstacle for chemotherapeutic treatments. One of the proteins involved in this phenomenon is the P-glycoprotein, P-gp, which is known to be responsible for the efflux of therapeutic substances from the cell cytoplasm. To date, the identification of a drug that can efficiently inhibit P-gp activity remains a challenge, nevertheless some studies have identified natural compounds suitable for that purpose. Amongst them, curcumin has shown an inhibitory effect on the protein in in vitro studies using Caco-2 cells.To understand if physiological flow can modulate membrane protein activity, we studied the uptake of a P-gp substrate under static and dynamic conditions. Caco-2 cells were cultured in bioreactors and in Transwells and the basolateral transport of Rhodamine-123 assessed in the two systems as a function of P-gp activity. Experiments were performed with and without pre-treatment of the cells with an extract of curcumin or an arylmethyloxy-phenyl derivative to evaluate the inhibitory effect of the natural substance with respect to a synthetic compound.The results indicated that the P-gp activity of the cells cultured in the bioreactors was intrinsically lower, and that the effect of both natural and synthetic inhibitors was up modulated by the presence of flow. Our study underlies the fact that the use of more sophisticated and physiologically relevant in vitro models can bring new insights on the therapeutic effects of natural substances such as curcumin.
RNA-seq profiles of LPS-induced transcriptional changes in LBP-deficient rat and its possible implications for the liver dysregulation during sepsis
Authors: Song Zichen , He Zhixiang , Meng Leilei , Cheng Wenhui , Huang Fan , Zheng Mao , Xu Wenhui , Xiao Rong , Fang Haoshu , Zhu Yaling
Published: July 2020

Background

Sepsis is an organ dysfunction caused by the dysregulated inflammatory response to infection. LBP binds to LPS, and modulates the inflammatory response. Rare systematic study has been reported to detect the effect of LBP gene during the LPS-induced sepsis. Herein, we explored the RNA sequencing technology to profile the transcriptomic changes in liver tissue between LBP-deficient rats and WT rats at multiple timepoints after LPS administration.
Results

We compared the serum ALT levels using the biochemistry analyzer and proceeded RNA sequencing of liver tissue to search differentially expressed genes and enriched biological processes and pathways between LBP-deficient and WT groups at 0 h, 6 h, and 24 h. In total, 168, 284, and 307 differential expressed genes (DEGs) were identified at 0 h, 6 h, and 24 h respectively, including Lrp5, Cyp7a1, Nfkbiz, Sigmar1, Fabp7, and Hao1, which are related to the inflammatory or lipid-related process. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that inflammatory response to LPS mediated by Ifng, Cxcl10, Serpine1, and Lbp was enhanced at 6 h, while lipid-related metabolism associated with C5, Cyp4a1, and Eci1 was enriched at 24 h after LPS administration in the WT samples. The inflammatory process was not found when the LBP gene was knocked out, lipid-related metabolic process and PPAR signaling pathway mediated by Dhrs7b and Tysnd1 were significantly activated in LBP-deficient samples.
Conclusions

Our study suggested that the invading LPS may interplay with LBP to activate NF-κB signaling pathway and trigger uncontrolled inflammatory response. However, when inhibiting the activity of NF-κB, lipid-related metabolism would make bacteria removal via the effect on PPAR signaling pathway in the absence of LBP gene. Moreover, we further found the potent implications of targeting the LBP gene may as a biomarker for inflammatory conditions induced by metabolic disorders.
Inhibitory Effects of the Spore-forming Bacillus spp. on the Expression Levels of eae, luxS, flu, and ctxM Genes in E. coli Isolates
Authors: Elahianfiroz Zahra , baserisalehi majid , Ghane masood
Published: July 2020

Background: Escherichia coli antibiotic resistance are one of the major health problems in many countries. Today, researchers are focusing on novel approaches for the treatment of E. coli infections, including the use of spore-forming probiotics for their high stability in the harsh gastrointestinal (GIT) environment. Results: The presence of resistance genes (flu, eae, luxS, and ctxM ) was confirmed by PCR in four out of 40 E. coli isolated from 300 fecal samples of patients suffering from diarrhea. Following confirming the ability of broiler-derived Bacillus coagulans and Bacillus subtilis to survive under the simulant gastric environment, they were co-cultured with the four E. coli isolates harboring the studied resistance genes. Results of the expression of flu, luxS, eae, and ctxM genes revealed that the expression levels of these genes decreased significantly (p-value < 0.05) after co-culture of E. coli with B. subtilis ATCC 6633 and broiler-derived B. subtilis. However, the broiler-derived B. subtilis showed a greater effect on the expression levels of eae, luxS, and ctxM. B. coagulans MTCC 5856 and broiler-derived B. coagulans also led to significant decreases in expression levels of all the studied genes (p-value < 0.05), while the standard strain had a greater impact on the expression of ctxM than the broiler-derived strains.Conclusion: The broiler-derived isolates had a greater capacity to decrease the expression of these genes than the standard strains, proposing their adoption for dietary supplementations. However, further studies are required to study the effects of these spore-forming bacteria on E. coli infections in vivo and their possible influence on lactose tolerance, nutritional absorption, and reduced cholesterol levels.
Mortality risk in people with type 2 diabetes: a large prospective population-based cohort study (The Ayrshire Diabetes fOllow-up Cohort (ADOC) study)
Authors: Collier Andrew , Hair Mario , Cameron Lyall , Ghosh Sujoy , Boyle James , Walters Matthew , Waugh Norman
Published: July 2020

BackgroundThe aims of this study were to investigate the effects of age, gender, body mass index (BMI), glycaemic control, socio-economic status, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and smoking status in type 2 diabetes in a population-based analysis. MethodsData were collected from 46 General Practice databases in 2009 and 2014. Cox regressions were run in the non-diabetes population plus type 2 diabetes patients. ResultsPeople with type 2 diabetes (n=16,643) had higher mortality rates than non-diabetes subjects. Ranked in order of Hazard Ratio (HR), increasing age (HR 2.31), smoking (HR 1.79), IHD (HR 1.65), deprivation (HR 1.36), hypertension (HR 1.23) and male gender (HR 1.20) all increased mortality risk (p<0.01). Statin therapy was associated with better outcome (HR 0.65, p<0.01). Abnormal lipid levels whilst not on a statin significantly increased mortality risk for raised total-cholesterol (HR 1.74) and low HDL-cholesterol (HR 1.48) but not for triglycerides (HR 0.67) (all p<0.01). ConclusionsThis large study confirmed that the all-cause mortality risk in people with type 2 diabetes remains elevated. In the study we demonstrated that a man with type 2 diabetes of 5-10 years duration who smoked, had hypertension and IHD plus lived in the most deprived area had a HR of 6.2 compared with a non-smoking, normotensive, non-diabetes subject without IHD living in the least deprived area. . Further research is required to understand the gender risk difference in all-cause mortality in type 1 compared with type 2 diabetes and why obesity plus raised triglycerides appear to be protective.
Hepatokine ERAP1 impairs skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity via ADRB2/PKA pathway
Authors: Guo Feifan , Niu Yuguo , Jiang Haizhou , Yin Hanrui , Wang Fenfen , Hu Xiaoming , Chen Shanghai
Published: July 2020

The current study aimed to investigate the role of endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1), a novel hepatokine, in whole-body glucose metabolism. Here, we found that hepatic ERAP1 levels were increased in insulin-resistant leptin-receptor-mutated (db/db) and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Consistently, hepatic ERAP1 overexpression attenuated skeletal muscle (SM) insulin sensitivity, whereas knockdown ameliorated SM insulin resistance. Furthermore, serum and hepatic ERAP1 levels were positively correlated, and recombinant mouse ERAP1 or conditioned medium with high ERAP1 content (CM-ERAP1) attenuated insulin signaling in C2C12 myotubes, and CM-ERAP1 or HFD-induced insulin resistance was blocked by ERAP1 neutralizing antibodies. Mechanistically, ERAP1 reduced ADRB2 expression and interrupted ADRB2-dependent signaling in C2C12 myotubes. Finally, ERAP1 inhibition via global knockout or the inhibitor thimerosal improved insulin sensitivity. Together, ERAP1 is a hepatokine that impairs SM and whole-body insulin sensitivity, and its inhibition might provide a therapeutic strategy for diabetes, particularly for those with SM insulin resistance.
Using Peer Role-playing to Improve Student Skills for Musculoskeletal Physical Examinations
Authors: Yamauchi Kazuyo , Hagiwara Yoko , Iwakura Nahoko , Kubo Saori , Sato Azusa , Ohtsuru Tadahiko , Okazaki Ken , Okubo Yumiko
Published: July 2020

The traditional curriculum for medical students in Japan does not include sufficient opportunity for the students to develop their skills for musculoskeletal examination and clinical reasoning and diagnosis. So, many residents report a lack of confidence in performing these tasks. Our aim was to assess the effectiveness of peer role-playing to improving these skills among 90 women medical students who were completing their first orthopaedic clinical clerkship. Participants were allocated into two groups. One group participated in role-play (the simulation group) and the other did not participate in role-play because of the clerkship schedule or almanac circumstance (the no-simulation group). This program consisted of two modules: the simulation-based module and the outpatient encounter module. Each module included two sessions. The simulation-based module had two parts: a structured encounter with role-play for musculoskeletal cases, and a structured debriefing with the course supervisor including self-reflection. The students’ performance was observed and assessed using the mini clinical evaluation exercise (mini-CEX) for musculoskeletal cases in the simulation-based module (Day1) and the outpatient encounter module (Day2). The simulation-based module increased the physical examination score on the mini-CEX because of the encounters with real-life patients with musculoskeletal symptoms. This result suggests that role-play as a peer enhancing simulation may help to improve the competency of medical students in performing a musculoskeletal physical examination in a clinical setting.
How joint line orientation affects the amount of bone resection in mechanically aligned TKA: a retrospective clinical-radiographic correlation study
Authors: Wang Zhiwei , Yu Yang , Wen Liang , Ma Desi , Qu Tiebing
Published: July 2020

Background

The discrepancy of bone resections between the medial and the lateral compartment is very common in total knee replacement (TKA) when mechanical alignment (MA) is used. The purpose of this study was to explore whether or how the joint line orientation affects the gross amount of bone resection in mechanically aligned TKA.
Methods

A total of 112 patients (137 knees) diagnosed with osteoarthritis (OA) were included. Simulated bone cuttings were conducted on the coronal view using full-length weight bearing radiographs according to the technical requirement of MA, and the feasibility of simulated osteotomy was verified by intraoperative calipered measurement. Correlation and regression analyses were conducted between the amounts of bone resection and various parameters, including hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle, mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), joint line congruency angle (JLCA), and medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA). Moreover, any intraoperative bone resection adjustments if existed, were retrospectively collected using medical records query system.
Results

All knees in current case series can be artificially divided into 4 subgroups: 84 varus knees (61.3%) with valgus femur in subgroup 1, 32 varus knees (23.4%) with varus femur in subgroup 2. 14 valgus knees (10.2%) with varus tibia in subgroup 3, 7 valgus knees (5.1%) with valgus tibia in subgroup 4. The amount of simulated bone resection had high consistency with the intraoperative measurement. MPTA and mLDFA had a positive correlation with the bone resection amount in subgroup 1. The regression equation was Bone resection (mm) = 0.556*mLDFA (deg.) + 0.098*MPTA (deg.) -39.74, R2 = 0.808. Similarly, the intraoperative bone cutting adjustments also showed a certain relationship with mLDFA in subgroup 1.
Conclusions

Deformities of knee OA can be divided into 4 subgroups based on the alignment of extremities and the joint line orientations. When a TKA is performed in varus knee with valgus femur using conventional instrument and mechanical alignment technique, the amount of bone resection on coronal plane is linearly related to the patient’s mLDFA.
Analysis of mRNAs and ncRNAs and Prediction Competing Endogenous RNA Networks in Colorectal Cancer Chemo-Resistance by Whole-Transcriptome Sequencing
Authors: Yao Fei , Zhou Chuanren , Huang Qiyou , Huang Xiaoying , Chen Jie , Zhou Yanling , Wang Qiang , Wu Qingming
Published: July 2020

Background: Chemo-resistance is a major clinical obstacle to the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), mRNAs and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been reported to modulate the development of chemo-resistance. However, the profiles of mRNAs and ncRNAs as well as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks in CRC chemo-resistance are still unclear, and whether different drug resistance of CRC have the same mechanisms also needs to be explored. This study aims to uncover the expression of mRNAs and ncRNAs in parental cell lines and different chemo-resistant cell lines, and construct ceRNA regulatory networks by whole-transcriptome sequencing.Methods: The expression of mRNAs and ncRNAs in parental cell lines and drug-resistant cell lines were identified by whole-transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics methods.Results: A total of 1779 mRNAs, 64 miRNAs, 11 circRNAs and 295 lncRNAs were common differentially expressed in two different chemo-resistant cell lines when compared with the control. In addition, 5,767 lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA relationship pairs and 47 circRNA-miRNA-mRNA pathways were constructed according to ceRNA regulatory rules, in which AC109322.2-hsa-miR-371a-5p-BTNL3 and hsacirc_027876-hsa-miR-582-3p-FREM1 were identified as the most potential ceRNA networks involved in drug resistance to CRC. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of two ceRNA regulatory networks showed that the TNF signaling pathway may be crucial in the process of CRC drug resistance.Conclusions: A large number of mRNAs and ncRNAs in chemo-resistant cell lines were different expressed, which may play pivotal roles in development of drug resistance through the ceRNA regulatory network. This study may improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and provide a promising therapeutic strategy for CRC chemo-resistance.
Effect of aspirin versus cilostazol for inhibition of antiplatelet aggregation in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (ESCORT-DM Study)
Authors: Hong Sangmo , Lee Woo Je , Park Cheol-Young
Published: July 2020

BackgroundThe role of aspirin in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes is controversial. In contrast, some studies have suggested beneficial effects of cilostazol on cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. Here we prospectively investigated the antiplatelet effects of cilostazol compared with aspirin in patients with diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors.MethodsWe randomly assigned 116 patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors but no evident cardiovascular disease to receive aspirin at a dose of 100 mg or cilostazol at a dose of 200 mg daily for 14 days. The primary efficacy outcome was antiplatelet effects of aspirin and cilostazol assessed with the VerifyNow system (aspirin response units; ARU) and PFA-100 (closure time; CT). Secondary outcomes were changes of clinical laboratory data.ResultsThe decrease of ARU (-0.4 ± 7.1% vs. -28.9 ± 9.9%, p < 0.001) and the increase of CT (25.7 ± 54.1% vs. 99.6 ± 63.5%, p < 0.001) were significantly greater in aspirin compared cilostazol. The prevalence of aspirin resistance was 7.5% according to VerifyNow (defined by ARU ≥ 550) and 18.9% according to PFA-100 (CT < 192 s). Compared with aspirin, cilostazol treatment was associated with increased HDL cholesterol (7.1 ± 12.7% vs. 4.2 ± 18.0%, p = 0.006) and decreased triglycerides (-9.4 ± 33.7% vs. 4.4 ± 17.57%, p = 0.016). However, there were no significant changes in total and LDL cholesterol, CRP level, and CD40 ligand between cilostazol and aspirin groups.ConclusionsAspirin showed better antiplatelet effects assessed with VerifyNow and PFA-100 compared with cilostazol. However, there were favorable changes in atherogenic dyslipidemia only in the cilostazol treatment group.Trial registrationNCT02933788, dated october 14, 2016
Interventions for Treating Tennis Elbow: An Overview of Systematic Reviews in the Past Ten Years
Authors: Wang Xue , Xiong Jun , Yang Jun , Yuan Ting
Published: July 2020

purpose: Tennis elbow is a common orthopedic disease, and there are many ways to treat it. This overview aimed to summarize the evidence of different treatments for tennis elbows, so as to provide the best guidance for clinical treatment.Methods: Use computer to search CNKI, WanFang database, WeiPu database, CBM database, PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase from the time of establishment to May 31, 2019.Te Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) and latest Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR2) checklists were used to assess reporting characteristics and methodological quality, respectively.Results: A total of 37 references were included. Methodological quality and reporting quality were unsatisfactory. Methodological quality was generally low and many key items were not reported. Some research reports are of high quality, but there is no trial registration and protocol written in advance, which may lead to some bias in the research process. The most frequent problems included non-registration of study protocol, absence of a list of excluded studies, and unclear acknowledgment of conflicts of interests. The different types of interventions included have been shown to relieve pain, improve quality of life, and restore elbow function, but there has been a lack of comparative studies.Conclusion: The reporting and methodological quality of systematic reviews and meta-analysis studies were sub-optimal, which demands further improvement. Comparative studies of different types of interventions are needed to determine unclear.PROSPERO registration number: CRD42015017071
A Four-quadrant Mobility Model-based Routing Protocol for Post-earthquake Emergency Communication Network
Authors: Wang Xiaoming , Guo Chang , Li Ping
Published: July 2020

Emergency communication network (ECN) is essential for both disaster victims and rescuers since the pre-deployed network infrastructure may be completely destroyed after the earthquake.Traditional protocols cannot satisfy the requirements of ECN as they neither consider mobility model nor seismic intensity. In this paper, a four-quadrantmobility model (FQMM) based on seismic intensity is proposed for rescuers. Then a FQMM-based protocol (FQMMBP) forECN is designed, which aims to improve the performance of ECN. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol performs better than other three compared routing protocols (AODV, DSDV and DSR) in package delivery rate (PDR) and end-to-end delay. Although the performance of FQMMBP in overhead is not as good as the other three protocols, it is worthwhile for the emergency rescue.
Serum CA242: a biomarker for diagnosis, progression, and metastasis in multiple tumors
Authors: Shen Kaicheng , Qin Xiangquan , Su Xingxing , Yang Yishi , Wang Hongqian , Dai Haisu , Jiang Yan , Bai Jie , Chen Zhiyu
Published: July 2020

Background

CA242 is a classic biomarker used for diagnosing digestive tract tumors, especially pancreatic cancer. However, CA242 serum levels in some tumor patients and what might influence these levels remain unknown or uncertain. This study aimed to reveal the pancancer landscape of serum CA242 levels and identify some influencing factors.
Methods

In the current study, serum CA242 levels and clinical information, including clinical stage and metastatic status, were collected from 37,493 patients with 35 different types of neoplastic disease, and CA242 values were also obtained for 880 healthy controls.
Results

Serum CA242 levels in patients with one of 21 different cancers were significantly higher than those in healthy controls and had diagnostic value in 9 tumors (AUC > 0.7, P < 0.05); serum CA242 levels were increased across all malignant digestive tract tumors. Compared to patients without metastasis, cancer patients with one of 15 kinds of cancer with lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis showed elevated CA242 levels. Moreover, CA242 was helpful in distinguishing the clinical stage and metastatic status in 6 cancers. In addition, the presence of multiple metastases and liver metastasis might result in increased CA242 levels.
Conclusions

Overall, CA242 can not only serve as a diagnostic biomarker for malignant tumors in the digestive system but also predict the progression, stage, and metastasis of many other tumors that have not received clinical attention.
Clinical characteristics of confirmed cases of COVID-19 admitted at Al-Nahdha hospital, Oman: a cross-sectional descriptive study
Authors: Harthi Saud Al , AlOsali Magdi , Ismaili Ruwaida Al , Lawati Sultan Al , Kamble Bina , Shaaibi Mustafa Al , kindi Nasser Al , Qasabi Salim Al , Hinai Mohamed Al , Harthi Hamad Al , Ghafri Thamra Al
Published: July 2020

Background: With the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pervading the world, little has been published regarding the hospitalized cases of COVID-19 (confirmed) in the Arabian Gulf countries. This paper describes the socio-demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics, treatment and clinical outcomes of these cases in Al-Nahdha hospital, Oman. Additionally, factors associated with requiring critical care were identified.Methods: Data of all the positive cases in Al-Nahdha hospital were retrieved from the electronic health information system retrospectively from 3rd of March to 9th May 2020. Required information was recorded in a bespoke sheet and exported to SPSS for further analysis. The primary outcome was defined as requiring vs not requiring critical care.Results:Out of 102 total admissions, 19 cases required critical care (18.6%). Compared to the non-critical cases, majority of the severe cases requiring critical care were older [54.1(13.4) years vs 48.9(14.9) years], males [89.5% vs 74.7%] and non-nationals [63.2 vs 55.4%]. Significant factors associated with requiring critical care were symptoms of shortness of breath (89.5% vs 65.1%, P=0.03), diabetes (68.4% vs 32.5%, OR=1.5, P=0.004), chronic artery disease (15.8% vs 3.6%, OR=1.7, P=0.04), diagnosis of ARDS (63.2% vs 6.0%, P<0.001). Additionally, the mean ferritin levels was significantly higher in cases requiring critical care compared to their counter cases (2350.4(423.8) vs 795.7(554.3), P=0.005). Depending on disease severity, treatment included anti-bacterial, anti-viral, heparin and steroids. The utilization of steroids was significantly higher in the cases requiring critical care (63.2% vs 26.5%, P=0.001). Out of cases who required critical care (n=19), nine died (death rate= 47.4%). Conclusions:Results from this study provides fundamental information about the non-clinical and clinical characteristics of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Oman. The information obtained can be utilized to follow up the clinical progress of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in the Arabic speaking countries where such reports are limited.
Examining geographical disparities in the incubation period of the COVID-19 infected cases in Shenzhen and Hefei, China
Authors: Zuopeng Xiao , Guo Wenbo , Zhiqiang Luo , Jianxiang Liao , Feiqiu Wen , Yaoyu Lin
Published: July 2020

Aim Current studies on the COVID-19 depicted a general incubation period distribution and did not examine whether the incubation period distribution varies across patients living in different geographical locations with varying environmental attributes. Profiling the incubation distributions geographically help to determine the appropriate quarantine duration for different regions.Subject and Methods This retrospective study mainly used publicly-accessible clinical report data for patients (n=543) confirmed as infected in Shenzhen and Heifei, China. Based on 217 patients on whom the incubation period could be identified by the epidemiological survey. Statistical and econometric methods were used to investigate how the incubation distributions varied between infected cases reported in Shenzhen and Hefei. Results The median of incubation periods of the COVID-19 for all 217 infected patients was 8 days (95% CI 7 to 9), while median values were 9 days in Shenzhen and 4 days in Heifei. The incubation period probably has an inverse U-shaped association with the meteorological temperature. The warmer condition in the winter of Shenzhen, average environmental temperature between 10℃ to 15℃, may decrease viral virulence and result in more extended incubation periods.Conclusion Case studies of the COVID-19 outbreak in Shenzhen and Hefei indicated that the incubation period of COVID-19 had exhibited evident geographical disparities, although the pathological causality between meteorological conditions and incubation period deserves further investigation.
Extracellular Vesicles from the Apoplastic Fungal Wheat Pathogen Zymoseptoria Tritici
Authors: Hill Erin H , Solomon Peter
Published: July 2020

Background: The fungal pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici is a significant constraint to wheat production in temperate cropping regions around the world. Despite its agronomic impacts, the mechanisms allowing the pathogen to asymptomatically invade and grow in the apoplast of wheat leaves before causing extensive host cell death remain elusive. Given recent evidence of extracellular vesicles (EVs) – secreted, membrane-bound nanoparticles containing molecular cargo – being implicated in extracellular communication between plants and fungal pathogen, we have initiated an in vitro investigation of EVs from this apoplastic fungal wheat pathogen. We aimed to isolate EVs from Z. tritici broth cultures and examine their protein composition in relation to the soluble protein in the culture filtrate and to existing fungal EV proteomes. Results: Zymoseptoria tritici EVs were isolated from broth culture filtrates using differential ultracentrifugation (DUC) and examined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Z. tritici EVs were observed as a heterogeneous population of particles, with most between 50 – 100 nm. These particles were found in abundance in the culture filtrates of viable Z. tritici cultures, but not heat-killed cultures incubated for an equivalent time and of comparable biomass. Bottom-up proteomic analysis using LC-MS/MS, followed by stringent filtering revealed 240 Z. tritici EV proteins. These proteins were distinct from soluble proteins identified in Z. tritici culture filtrates, but were similar to proteins identified in EVs from other fungi, based on sequence similarity analyses. Notably, a putative marker protein recently identified in Candida albicans EVs was also consistently detected in Z. tritici EVs. Conclusion: We have shown EVs can be isolated from the devastating fungal wheat pathogen Z. tritici and are similar to protein composition to previously characterised fungal EVs. EVs from human pathogenic fungi are implicated in virulence, but the role of EVs in the interaction of phytopathogenic fungi and their hosts is unknown. These in vitro analyses provide a basis for expanding investigations of Z. tritici EVs in planta, to examine their involvement in the infection process of this apoplastic wheat pathogen and more broadly, advance understanding of noncanonical secretion in filamentous plant pathogens.
Poor Outcomes in Patients with Cirrhosis and COVID-19
Authors: Shalimar  , Elhence Anshuman , Vaishnav Manas , Kumar Ramesh , Pathak Piyush , Soni Kapil Dev , Aggarwal Richa , Soneja Manish , Jorwal Pankaj , Kumar Arvind , Khanna Puneet , Singh Akhil Kant , Biswas Ashutosh , Nischal Neeraj , Dhar Lalit , Choudhary Aashish , Rangarajan Krithika , Mohan Anant , Acharya Pragyan , Nayak Baibaswata , Gunjan Deepak , Saraya Anoop , Mahapatra Soumya , Makharia Govind , Trikha Anjan , Garg Pramod
Published: July 2020

Background and AimThere is a paucity of data on the clinical presentations and outcomes of Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) in patients with underlying liver disease. We aimed to summarize the presentations and outcomes of COVID-19 positive patients and compare with historical controls.MethodsPatients with known chronic liver disease who presented with superimposed COVID- 19(n=28) between 22nd April and 22nd June 2020 were studied. Seventy-eight cirrhotic patients from historical controls were taken as comparison group.ResultsA total of 28 COVID patients- two without cirrhosis, one with compensated cirrhosis, sixteen with acute decompensation (AD), and nine with acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF) were included. The etiology of cirrhosis was alcohol(n=9), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(n=2), viral(n=5), autoimmune hepatitis(n=4), and cryptogenic cirrhosis(n=6). The clinical presentations included complications of cirrhosis in 12(46.2%), respiratory symptoms in 3(11.5%) and combined complications of cirrhosis and respiratory symptoms in 11(42.3%) patients. The median hospital stay was 8(7-12) days. The mortality rate in COVID-19 patients was 42.3%(11/26), as compared to 23.1%(18/78) in the historical controls(p=0.077). All COVID-19 patients with ACLF(9/9) died compared to 53.3%(16/30) in ACLF of historical controls(p=0.015). Mortality rate was higher in COVID patients with compensated cirrhosis and AD as compared to historical controls 2/17(11.8%) vs 2/48(4.2%), though not statistically significant (p=0.278). Requirement of mechanical ventilation independently predicted mortality (hazard ratio, 13.68). Both non-cirrhotic patients presented with respiratory symptoms and recovered uneventfully.ConclusionCOVID-19 is associated with poor outcomes in patients with cirrhosis, with worst survival rates in ACLF. Mechanical ventilation is associated with a poor outcome.
Cynandione A alleviates neuropathic pain through spinal microglial interleukin-10/β-endorphin expression following α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation
Authors: Han Qiao-Qiao , Yin Min , Wang Zi-Ying , Liu Hao , Ao Jun-Ping , Wang Yong-Xiang
Published: July 2020

Background

Cynandione A, an acetophenone isolated from Cynanchum Wilfordii Radix, exhibits antihypersensitivity effects in neuropathic pain. This study sought to explore the target molecule and mechanisms underlying cynandione A mechanical antiallodynia, particularly related to the spinal glial expression of IL-10/β-endorphin, cAMP/PKA/p38/CREB signaling and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) activation.
Methods

IL-10 and β-endorphin in the spinal cord of spinal nerve ligation-induced neuropathic pain rats and cultured primary microglia were assessed by qRT-PCR and ELISA assays. Double immunofluorescence staining of IL-10, β-endorphin with glial and neuronal cellular biomarkers was also conducted in the spinal cord and cultured primary microglia. Microglial phosphorylation of PKA, p38, CREB and STAT3 were detected using western blot.
Results

Cynandione A significantly attenuated mechanical allodynia in neuropathic rats and substantially increased IL-10 and β-endorphin (but not dynorphin A) expression in the spinal cords and cultured primary microglia. The IL-10 antibody attenuated cynandione A-induced spinal or microglial gene expression of β-endorphin and mechanical antiallodynia, whereas the β-endorphin antiserum blocked cynandione A-induced mechanical antiallodynia but not spinal or microglial IL-10 gene expression. The α7 nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine significantly declined cynandione A-induced mechanical antiallodynia and spinal or microglial expression of IL-10 and β-endorphin. Cynandione A stimulated microglial phosphorylation of PKA, p38 and CREB, which was inhibited by methyllycaconitine. Treatment with the adenylyl cyclase inhibitor DDA, PKA inhibitor H-89, p38 inhibitor SB203580 and CREB inhibitor KG501 attenuated cynandione A-induced mechanical antiallodynia and spinal or microglial expression of IL-10 and β-endorphin. Cynandione A stimulated spinal phosphorylation of the transcription factor STAT3, which was inhibited by methyllycaconitine, H-89 and the IL-10 antibody. The STAT3 inhibitor NSC74859 weakened cynandione A-induced mechanical antiallodynia and spinal expression of β-endorphin.
Conclusion

Our results illustrate that cynandione A produces mechanical antiallodynia through spinal microglial expression of IL-10 via the cAMP/PKA/p38/CREB signaling and subsequent β-endorphin expression via the IL-10/STAT3 signaling, following α7 nAChR activation.
Pinin promotes tumor progression via PI3K/AKT/CREB signaling pathway in prostate cancer
Authors: Meng Xiang-yu , Zhang Hui-zhi , Ren Yi-yue , Wang Ke-jie , Chen Jun-feng , Su Rui , Jiang Jun-hui , Wang Ping , Ma Qi
Published: July 2020

Background

Pinin (PNN), a desmosome associated protein, was demonstrated to be over-expressed and act as a tumor-promoting factor in ovarian cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal cancer. However, the precise role of PNN in prostate cancer is still unknown.
Methods

The expression levels of PNN were assessed in prostate cancer by qRT-PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. The other proteins were quantified by western blotting. PNN-depleted cells were produced by infecting with lentivirus bearing short hairpin RNAs against PNN. PNN over-expression was performed by transfecting PNN expression vector. The proliferation of each cell line was assessed by MTS and colony formation assays. Tumors were induced on nude mice by injecting tumor cells subcutaneously. Apoptosis and cell cycle were evaluated by flow cytometry. Transwell and wound healing assay were performed to determined the ability of cell invasion and migration. The TCGA data were analyzed with GEPIA (Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis) and GraphPad Prism.
Results

Here, we reported that PNN was upregulated in prostate cancer tissues and PNN expression was positively associated with Gleason score, tumor stage and tumor metastasis. PNN promoted cell growth and tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo, and might modulate cell growth through driving G1/S transition via CDK6, CDK2, and Cyclin D1 in prostate cancer cells. Furthermore, PNN accelerated cell invasion, migration and EMT processes of prostate cancer cells accompanied with the up-regulation of MMP-2, MMP-9, N-cadherin, Vimentin and down-regulation of E-cadherin. Mechanism study demonstrated that the proliferation- and motility-promoting effects of PNN on prostate cancer cells dependent on the activation of PI3K/AKT/CREB signaling, which was reversed by AKT and CREB inhibitors.
Conclusions

Collectively, these findings indicated that PNN plays important roles in prostate cancer tumorigenesis and progression and it may be a potential therapeutic target for prostate cancer treatment.
Incidence, Outcomes and Risk Factors of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia after Total Joint Arthroplasty: An Analysis of the National Inpatient Sample Database
Authors: Chen Yuhang , Wang Jian , Shi Zhan-jun , Zhang Yang , Yang Qinfeng , Xu Yichuan
Published: July 2020

Background

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a severe immune-mediated complication of heparin exposure, leading to negative consequences after total hip (THA) and knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, the incidence and risk factors of HIT remain to be elucidated. This study aimed to identify the incidence, outcomes, and risk factors of HIT after THA and TKA.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from 2005 to 2014. The incidence and outcomes of HIT after THA or TKA were documented. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the postoperative HIT risk factors.

Results

A total of 593,045 patients who underwent THA and 1,228,707 patients who underwent TKA were identified. The cumulative incidences were 0.02% and 0.01%, respectively. The HIT group presented significantly higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI) scores, longer hospital stays (LOS), and higher medical costs. HIT led to a significantly higher mortality rate after THA (2.17% vs. 0.16%, p =0.0091). Although not statistically significant, the HIT mortality rate after TKA was also increased (0.58% vs. 0.07%; p =0.1178). In THA, the risk factors of HIT were racial minority, AIDS, pulmonary circulation disorders (PCD), psychoses, and hypertension; the protective factors were large-scale and teaching hospitals. In TKA, the HIT risk factors were racial minority, PCD, and weight loss. Teaching hospitals served as protective factors.

Conclusions

The incidence of HIT after THA and TKA is relatively low; however, HIT significantly increases inpatient mortality, LOS, and medical cost. Therefore, HIT warrants considerable attention and further investigation.
The impact of down-regulation on obstetrics and perinatal outcomes in singleton pregnancies after IVF: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Dong Xiyuan , Zheng Yu , Chen Biao , Wang Lan , Jin Lei , Ai Jihui
Published: July 2020

Background Down-regulation has been widely used in IVF treatment; however, it lacks reports on the impact of down-regulation on obstetrics and perinatal outcomes. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of down-regulation on obstetrics and perinatal outcomes. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study on 3578 patients achieving singleton pregnancy after their first IVF attempt. The patients were grouped by the serum estradiol after down-regulation (E2D) into three groups: <30, 30-55, >55pg/ml. The cumulative live-birth rate, obstetrics and pediatric results were main outcome measures. General linear models and Chi-square test were performed for statistical analysis. Results The patients with E2D <30, 30-55, >55pg/ml had similar cumulative live-birth rate. The patients with E2D <30pg/ml had a lower risk for hypertension disorders than those with E2D 30-55pg/ml. No difference was found in the prevalence of placenta previa, placenta abruption, premature rupture of membrane, hemorrhage, gestational diabetes mellitus, or intrauterine growth restriction. The newborns of patients with E2D <30pg/ml had a lower risk for PICU attempt than those with E2D >55pg/ml. There was no difference in congenital anomaly or mortality rate. Conclusion We found no effect of down-regulation on cumulative live-birth rate. The patients with E2D<30pg/ml may have advantages in lower risks for maternal hypertension and newborns PICU attempt.