bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drug-induced Acute Kidney Injury: A Clinico-etiological Study from a Tertiary Care Center in Northeast India
Authors: Sharma Manjuri , Qanoongo Faheem Nazir , Doley Prodip Kumar , Pegu Gayatri , Pegu Miranda
Published: August 2024

Background:

Drug-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) poses a significant challenge in clinical practice, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of its epidemiology and underlying mechanisms. This prospective study aimed to elucidate the clinico-etiological profile of drug-induced AKI in a tertiary care center in Northeast India and evaluate patient outcomes.

Methodology:

Adults diagnosed with AKI following drug exposure were enrolled in this observational study conducted from August 2022 to January 2024 at Department of Nephrology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, offending pharmaceutical agents, histopathological patterns, and outcomes were meticulously documented.

Results:

We studied 105 participants (mean age: 45 ± 10 years, 56.2% male) experiencing drug-induced AKI. Antimicrobials (24%), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (21%), and chemotherapeutic agents (19%) were common causes, leading predominantly to acute interstitial nephritis (58%) and renal tubular epithelial cell injury (30%). Despite challenges, 73% fully recovered, with a 2% mortality rate. Age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12–1.63, P = 0.002), male gender (OR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.09–3.11, P = 0.022), diabetes (OR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.28–3.82, P = 0.005), smoking (OR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.06–3.48, P = 0.031), antimicrobial use (OR: 3.68, 95% CI: 2.14–6.32, P < 0.001), NSAID use (OR: 2.77, 95% CI: 1.56–4.92, P < 0.001), and chemotherapeutic use (OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.10–2.22, P < 0.001) were significant risk factors.

Conclusion:

This study highlights the clinico-etiological profile of drug-induced AKI in Northeast India, emphasizing antimicrobials, NSAIDs, and chemotherapeutics as major contributors. Despite the high prevalence, most patients recovered, stressing early recognition and careful medication management. Age, gender, and comorbidities play critical roles, warranting targeted interventions and vigilant pharmacovigilance to mitigate the AKI burden effectively.
A case report on hypothyroidism induced by pembrolizumab
Authors: Reji Rinku Elsa , Kurien Sara , Harikrishnan S , Jesurun R S Jacob
Published: August 2024

This case report presents the clinical findings and management of a 62-year-old patient with a history of hemicolectomy and hepatic metastasis. The patient was diagnosed with microsatellite instability-high colon cancer and was treated with pembrolizumab. However, the patient developed hypothyroidism 2 months after the treatment as a side effect. This report highlights the importance of monitoring thyroid function in patients receiving pembrolizumab and discusses the management strategies for pembrolizumab-induced hypothyroidism.
Lecanemab: A novel disease-modifying drug treatment for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Bhanwra Sangeeta , Mahajan Sonia Shinde
Published: August 2024

The advent of a new treatment strategy in the form of disease-modifying therapy for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been finally achieved after a prolonged wait. Lecanemab is one of such drugs that target the pathophysiology of the disease by lowering the amyloid-β plaques to change the course of this debilitating disease and to decline its further progress. It is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in July 2023 for the treatment of patients with early AD and in patients with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia.
Toxic epidermal necrolysis after levofloxacin therapy
Authors: Jenisha J. V. , Srinivasan Akila , Kumarappan Manimekalai , Shanmugam Srikanth
Published: August 2024

Steven–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) is an idiosyncratic, life-threatening adverse drug reaction to many medications, including anticonvulsants, antibiotics, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. It is of immunological origin and manifests as extensive epidermal detachment along with systemic symptoms of fever, malaise, and, in some cases, organ dysfunction. The most common antibiotics implicated in SJS/TEN are beta-lactams, sulfonamides, and fluoroquinolones. There have been a few reports of SJS/TEN with levofloxacin worldwide. We report one such case of a 32-year-old male patient who was referred to our tertiary care center with TEN after being prescribed levofloxacin for a lower respiratory tract infection by a primary health-care physician.
Advances in pharmacotherapy of dyslipidemia
Authors: Chinta Harshitha
Published: August 2024

Dyslipidaemia is a group of disorders of lipoprotein metabolism with consequences of endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis and increase in thrombogenecity of blood. Management of dyslipidaemia include diet and lifestyle modifications followed by pharmacotherapy. There are multiple drugs used for the management of dyslipidaemia with statins as most widely used therapeutic class. There are other class of drugs like resins, fibrates, drugs like niacin, ezetimibe being the established drugs in treatment of dyslipidaemia. With identification of mutations in specific genes of the lipoprotein receptors and on observation of adverse effects due to the established treatment modalities available, there is a need for new therapeutic targets to find an alternative treatment. Thus, new agents are approved for the treatment like the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitors, proprotein convertase substillin/klexin type 9 inhibitors, omega 3 fatty acid ethyl esters, antisense inhibition of Apo B-100 synthesis. Although the available drugs have well defined actions and effects, yet still in some patients either they could not fulfil the desired lipid lowering goals or the patients are intolerant/ non respondent to treatment or there is an imbalance between the risk-benefit profile. Thus, new drugs are being developed, described as pipeline drugs. Some of these are the cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor, ATP citrate lyase inhibitor, antisense oligonucleotide inhibitor of lipoprotein A and Apo C–III, angiopeptin-like-3 inhibitors, AMP kinase activators, cylodextrins, thyroid receptor beta agonists, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists, acetyl CoA carboxylase inhibitor, diacylglycerol transferase inhibitor, acetyl coenzyme A cholesterol acetyl transferase-1 inhibitors, gene therapy and active immunisations.
A case report on antimuscarinic drug-induced confusion: A cognitive side effect
Authors: Varghese Bindhya Merin , George Ann , James Elizabeth , Reji Rinku Elsa
Published: August 2024

Oxybutynin and tolterodine are antimuscarinic agents indicated for the treatment of overactive bladder, which is manifested as urinary incontinence, urgency, or frequency. Oxybutynin works by competitively inhibiting acetylcholine at postganglionic muscarinic receptors M1, M2, and M3, causing smooth muscles in the bladder to relax, and tolterodine works by competitively binding to the bladder’s muscarinic M3 receptors, reducing bladder contraction by raising the tone of the internal urethral sphincter and decreasing the tone of the detrusor muscle. Central nervous system’s (CNS) side effects are attributed by the oxybutynin’s anticholinergic actions. There is evidence of several CNS effects associated with anticholinergic medications, including agitation, confusion, disorientation, somnolence, memory loss, and hallucinations. These adverse effects occur in patients during the first few months of treatment or when the dose of oxybutynin is increased. This case report emphasizes the confused behavior of the patient on taking oxybutynin and tolterodine and also the cognitive side effects experienced by the patient.
Bullous fixed drug eruption due to azithromycin: A rare case report
Authors: Jillella Aditya , Zaman Sameer Uz
Published: August 2024

Fixed drug eruption (FDE) is a common type of cutaneous adverse drug reaction. It is a delayed type of hypersensitivity reaction that occurs and recurs as lesions at the same skin site due to repeated intake of an offending drug. Drugs such as ciprofloxacin, acetaminophen, fluconazole, nimesulide, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and metronidazole have been reported to cause the bullous form of FDE. FDE due to azithromycin have been reported, but the bullous variant is extremely rare. We present a case of azithromycin-induced bullous FDE in a 32-year-old male. Data were collected through a patient history and clinical examination during consultation. The patient developed a tense bullous lesion on the lower lip after taking azithromycin for an upper respiratory tract infection. This case highlights the importance of recognizing rare adverse reactions to commonly prescribed antibiotics like azithromycin.
Navigating the perils of polypharmacy: A clinical pharmacology case study from elderly patient care
Authors: Samajdar Shambo Samrat , Sarkar Sougata , Venkatraman Shravan , Dey Amit Kumar , Saboo Banshi , Joshi Shashank R.
Published: August 2024

Polypharmacy is increasingly prevalent among elderly populations due to multimorbidity and the expansion of pharmaceutical options. This case report explores the adverse effects of polypharmacy in an elderly patient, emphasizing the importance of appropriate medication management and the role of clinical pharmacologists. A 78-year-old male with multiple comorbidities was discharged with a complex medication regimen from a hospital in West Bengal. Within 5 days, he experienced severe complications including QT prolongation and a significant fall resulting in a femur fracture. These events were precipitated by the interactions among multiple prescribed medications and a previously unreported use of a fixed-dose combination of paroxetine and clonazepam. The case underscores the dangers of polypharmacy, particularly the risk of adverse drug reactions such as QT prolongation and potential torsades de pointes, exacerbated by drug-drug interactions and electrolyte imbalances. It highlights the necessity of comprehensive medication reconciliation and the critical role of clinical pharmacologists in managing complex medication regimens. This case advocates for the integration of clinical pharmacologists into health-care settings to enhance medication safety and efficacy, particularly in elderly patients with polypharmacy. The involvement of pharmacologically trained professionals can significantly mitigate medication-related risks and improve patient outcomes.
Oncologist-patient conflict regarding imatinib-induced pigmentation: A case report and literature review
Authors: Malik Shivani , Yadav Arun Kumar , Raj Lalit , Singh Renu , Arya Ashok Kumar
Published: August 2024

The tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate is well known for inhibiting melanocyte growth, which results in hypopigmentation, but here, we present a case report of imatinib-induced hyperpigmentation in a 42-year-old female belonging to a lower-middle socioeconomic status and a resident of a local village. The case report is unique as it provides valuable insights into clinical characteristics, diagnostic challenges, and therapeutic considerations for imatinib-induced hyperpigmentation which may contribute to existing literature on this rare and challenging entity, particularly in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The patient presented to the radiotherapy outpatient department 2.5 years ago with chief complaints of a single episode of oral bleeding and abdominal pain for 15 days. Blood investigations revealed a high total leukocyte count, platelet count, and Hb-10.5 suggestive of some myeloproliferative disorder for which the patient was advised bone marrow aspiration biopsy for confirmation. Biopsy findings are consistent with CML. That is how we reached a diagnosis of CML. Imatinib therapy was started with a dose of 400 mg OD orally daily. She was continued on the same dose. As the disease of the patient was partially responding to this dose and the patient still had on-and-off complaints along with abnormal blood parameters, the dose was gradually increased to 600 mg od orally, but after 2 months of this dose, hyperpigmentation on the cheeks gradually appeared which slowly increased to involving whole of the face. Clinical findings revealed brownish hyperpigmented macules involving the forehead, nose, malar, and mandibular areas. There was no significant family history and no history of similar complaints in the past. There was no history of an allergy to any drug. Dermoscopy showed an irregular dark brown pigmentation network in a pseudoreticular pattern, along with hypopigmented areas in between. Based on the clinical findings and dermoscopy results, the patient was diagnosed with imatinib-induced melasma-like pigmentation. Therapeutic intervention was done. The patient was initiated on topical depigmenting agents, sunscreen, and topical corticosteroids to address the hyperpigmentation, coupled with strict photoprotective measures for comprehensive management. The patient is currently under our care, continuing imatinib therapy with us at the same dose as the patient is having a good response to primary disease at this dose and attending regular follow-up appointments at the dermatology clinic showing symptomatic improvement. We conclude that informing the patient about the possibility of this side effect can increase compliance to therapy. Further insight into the mechanisms of the pigmentary alterations caused by this drug is required for better treatment/prevention of this manifestation.
Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma Subtyping by Immunohistochemistry – Our Experience
Authors: Meena Pangarkar , Mamta Kripalani , Radhika Pagey , Anand Pathak
Published: August 2024

Context:

Breast cancer is currently treated according to the subtype determined by the expression of three immunohistochemical markers, namely, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor 2 neu receptor. If all three markers are negative, the subtype is triple-negative breast carcinoma (TNBC). This subtype is a molecularly heterogeneous group expressing different genetic signatures. The present retrospective observational study has used immunohistochemistry as a practical method to document different subtypes of TNBC.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred cases of TNBC were studied at a tertiary cancer care center, using a panel of five markers – androgen receptor, cytokeratin 5/6, epithelial cadherin, epidermal growth factor receptor, and vimentin.

Statistical Analysis:

Monte Carlo significance test for Chi-square was used for statistical analysis.

Results:

One hundred patients of TNBCs were subtyped into five groups – luminal androgen receptor, basal-like one, basal-like two, mesenchymal stem-like, and unclassified. These subgroups did not differ significantly in clinicopathological characteristics except tumor size.

Conclusion:

TNBC is a molecularly diverse group showing many subtypes. Clinical follow-up of all these cases may reveal differences in the prognosis and survival among the subgroups.
Uncovering the Secret Clues: Using Stool Calprotectin to Improve Low Anterior Resection Syndrome after Surgery
Authors: Al-Kubati Waheeb Radman , Alhajami Faris
Published: August 2024

Background:

A majority of patients who undergo low rectal resection experience a frequent complication of low anterior resection syndrome (LARS). It is characterized by distressing bowel dysfunction such as urgency, frequency, and incontinence. Despite the high prevalence of LARS, its management remains challenging due to the lack of reliable diagnostic and monitoring tools.

Objectives:

This study investigates the relationship between stool calprotectin levels and LARS severity and evaluates the effectiveness of mesalamine treatment.

Design:

This prospective study involved 48 patients with low rectal cancer who had undergone resection with temporary ileostomy. The patients subsequently presented with LARS for over four weeks after ileostomy closure.

Patient and Methods:

LARS diagnosis was based on the LARS score, and stool calprotectin levels were measured at baseline and one month and six months post-ileostomy closure. Patients with elevated calprotectin levels received mesalamine treatment and dietary modifications. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the correlation between calprotectin levels and LARS scores using Pearson correlation analysis, linear regression analysis, paired t-test, and ANOVA.

Main Outcome Measure:

The predictive capacity for stool calprotectin for LARS was the main outcome variable.

Sample Size:

Forty-eight patients who underwent low rectal cancer resection were enrolled.

Results:

Among the study group, 28 were males and 20 were females. The mean age was 50 (9.998) years, 95% confidence interval CI = [17–78]) in both groups. The predictive value of calprotectin levels for LARS severity was high with β = 0.72, P-value < .001, and R² 0.55. The mean (SD) stool calprotectin level was 360 (6.282) mcg/g, which correlated with severe LARS symptoms (mean [SD] LARS score = 35 [2.449]). After six months, 60% of patients showed significant improvement (LARS scores <20), 30% had minor improvement (LARS scores 29–30), and 10% showed no improvement. Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between calprotectin levels and LARS scores (r = 0.75, P < .001).

Conclusion:

Stool calprotectin is demonstrated to be a promising biomarker for diagnosing and monitoring LARS. The findings highlight the association between LARS and high levels of stool calprotectin. However, the study had limitations of being a single-center study, comprising a small sample size, and not using a randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of mesalamine.

Conflicts of Interest:

None.
An Unusual Delayed Complication after Rectal Surgery – 3 Case Reports
Authors: Shetty Dishitha , Hegde Sujai
Published: August 2024

Rectal cancer treatment is challenging and rapidly advancing, and surgical resection is often the keystone treatment and curative modality. Anastomotic complications are the most severe and feared outcomes following rectal cancer surgery considering their associated morbidity and mortality. Delayed complications occurring many years after surgery are rare and less reported. Here, we report three cases of patients with rectal carcinoma who underwent low anterior resection and presented with delayed anastomotic complications. In all three cases, anastomotic complications were found beyond one month: postoperative 1 year, 7 years, and 9 years. Disease recurrence was ruled out in all patients. The patients presented with varied symptoms, namely a delayed presentation with a pelvic abscess along with a rectourethral fistula, a rectocutaneous fistula, and bladder wall necrosis. All of them had received radiation therapy preoperatively. Chronic radiation induces widespread intestinal collagen deposition and fibrosis along with occlusive vasculitis in small arterioles. These effects may develop over several months or years, which results in bowel strictures, ulcerations, and fistulas. Therefore, delayed complications such as anastomotic dehiscence, rectourethral fistulas, and rectocutaneous fistulas appearing after many years of pelvic surgery, especially in patients who received radiation, should be investigated. Therefore, long-term monitoring to identify potential complications is crucial as they are associated with high morbidity and mortality.
Surgery Prolongs Five-Year Survival for Nonmetastatic Colon Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Bangla Venu G. , Panahi Armon , Adler Ava , Divino Celia M.
Published: August 2024

Background:

While treatment guidelines for colon neuroendocrine tumors recommend surgical intervention when feasible, evidence in the literature is limited for patients with nonmetastatic tumors.

Objectives:

This study assessed the efficacy of surgery in terms of five year survival for patients with nonmetastatic colon neuroendocrine tumors.

Design:

This was a retrospective cohort study.

Patient and Methods:

This study used the National Cancer Database (NCDB) which compiles data from 1500 + facilities accredited to the Commission on Cancer. Data from patients with histologically confirmed colon neuroendocrine tumors from 2007 to 2018 were collected. Other inclusion criteria were age more than 18 years, nonmetastatic, nonpalliative care, known surgery status/type, and chemotherapy status. The five year survival rates were assessed using Kaplan–Meier curves and multivariate adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression to analyze the efficacy of surgery for these tumors. In addition, sensitivity analyses were performed to determine the associations in patients with well differentiated and early stage (stage 1) tumors.

Main Outcome Measure:

The main outcome was five year overall survival.

Sample Size:

A total of 3,340 patients met the inclusion criteria from the NCDB.

Results:

The majority of patients received some form of surgery (95.8%), while fewer patients (4.3%) received nonsurgical treatment. Overall, patients were on average 61.5 ± 13.3 years old, female (54.3%), and majority white (77.7%). Five year survival rates were 65.5% for the no surgery group and 79.5% for the surgery group [Kaplan–Meier log rank, P < .0001]. Moreover, multivariate proportional hazards regression showed prolonged five year survival after surgery [adjusted hazards ratio (aHR) (95% confidence interval): 0.39 (0.28–0.54)]. In addition, all sensitivity analyses revealed prolonged survival of patients who underwent surgery.

Conclusion:

To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess survival for nonmetastatic colon neuroendocrine tumors using a national database.

Limitations:

This study was limited by retrospective review, potential selection bias from a registry, and missing data.

Conflicts of Interest:

None.
Norman Sartorius: The Mental Health Crusader Who Simply Won’t Stop
Authors: Basu Debasish
Published: August 2024

Professor N. Sartorius, MD, PhD, FRCPsych, previously the Director of the Mental Health Program of the World Health Organization and President of the World Psychiatric Association and of the European Psychiatric Association, now serves as President of the Association for the Improvement of Mental Health Programs, a nongovernmental organization located in Geneva, Switzerland. Professor Sartorius holds several professorial positions in Europe, the USA, and elsewhere. He has published more than 500 papers in peer-reviewed journals and authored, co-authored, edited, or co-edited more than 120 books. However, more than all these, Professor Sartorius will be remembered by posterity as a relentless crusader for mental health and against stigma toward mental illness. Professor Sartorius has focused his sustained attention on the reduction of the stigma of mental illness, on the comorbidity of mental and physical disorders, and on support to carers of people with mental disorders. He has been particularly interested in the education of young professionals and conducted leadership and professional skills courses in some 60 countries involving more than 3000 psychiatrists early in their careers. In this interview, he briefly but importantly talks about the phases of his life, work, passion, vision, and mission, and leaves important messages for future generations.
The Burden of Caregiving and Quality of Life of Family Caregivers of Bipolar Patients: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Mohanty Nitya Gopal , Mahanta Debasish , Mohapatra Debjyoti , Kar Nilamadhab
Published: August 2024

Background:

Caring for patients with severe mental illness could be stressful. Information regarding the burden and quality of life (QOL) of the family caregivers of patients with bipolar affective disorder (BD) is scant from India. It was intended to study the burden and QOL of the caregivers of patients with BD and their association with sociodemographic factors.

Materials and Methods:

It was a cross-sectional study in a tertiary-level psychiatric hospital. Caregivers (n = 60) of patients with BD were assessed using the Family Burden Interview Schedule and World Health Organization QOL-BREF, along with their sociodemographic data.

Results:

Caregivers reported considerable burden in various areas, and a large proportion (71.7%) had higher burden and this group had significantly lower QOL in all domains. Burden and QOL had variations among demographic groups. There was no difference in the burden reported by male and female caregivers, however, the former appeared to have better QOL. Caregivers with the lowest income had considerable burden and poor QOL, besides the caregivers with lower education and from nuclear families.

Conclusions:

Family caregivers of patients with BD experienced considerable burden and had poorer QOL. Caregivers with lower education, the lowest income, and nuclear families had greater challenges. Assessment of caregivers’ needs and provision of appropriate support require prioritization.
Certain homological properties of triangular matrix rings
Authors: Yang Gang , Wang Junpeng
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we study the (Gorenstein) flat dimension of modules over triangular matrix rings, and give estimations of the (Gorenstein) weak global dimension and the supremum of flat lengths of injective modules over triangular matrix rings. As applications, some new Ding–Chen rings are constructed.
An Approach to Generating Scenarios for Autonomous
Vehicles
Authors: Wang Jingjing
Published: August 2024

To enhance the interpretability and coverage of high-risk scenarios in virtual
test scenarios for autonomous vehicles, we propose a method for generating
virtual test scenarios based on the VI-GAN (vehicle-interactive GAN) game neural
network. This method constructs a converging interaction game model by capturing
the interaction characteristics of vehicles converging on the ramp and those
driving in the main lane. The Nash equilibrium solution of the game strategy and
the convergence data are used to obtain the vehicle priority probability, and
the game model is embedded in the S-GAN neural network model to propose a game
trajectory generation model with the characteristics of a realistic interactive
gaming behavior. Meanwhile, in order to obtain high-risk convergence scenarios,
CT model is introduced to test the combination of real trajectories of
interacting vehicles in the observed area and used in VI-GAN algorithm to
generate more high-risk interaction trajectories with realistic game interaction
behaviors. By comparing VI-GAN with LSTM, S-LSTM, S-GAN, and other trajectory
generation algorithms, the results show that: (1) Compared with other algorithms
such as S-GAN, the model generates converging interaction trajectories in 3.2 s
and 4.8 s time domain, the ADE decreases by 25.30%/18.98%/7.02% on average, and
the FDE decreases by 17.54%/16.16%/7.87% on average. Higher accuracy of
interaction trajectories generated by VI-GAN algorithm. (2) The initial
trajectories were generated using combinatorial testing and combined with game
interaction scenarios in conflict situations. The number of generated
trajectories is 150 times that of the original trajectories. The game-generated
trajectories have more high-risk scenarios and higher scenario coverage compared
to the original trajectories. This is of practical significance for virtual
scenario-enhanced testing of self-driving cars. The virtual scene reinforcement
test is of practical significance.
Association of angiotensinogen rs699 single nucleotide polymorphism and pre-eclampsia in Lagos, Nigeria: A case-control study
Authors: Fagbayi T.A. , Somade A.O. , Adefemi A.K. , Shonde O.G.
Published: August 2024

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy disorder that endangers the lives of bpth mother and child. Gene polymorphisms of Angiotensinogen have  been shown to be associated with hypertension and since pre-eclampsia is basically hypertension in pregnancy, there might be a genetic  correlation. Angiotensinogen rs699 (AGT rs699) polymorphism affects spiral arteries in the uterus and controls blood pressure. Various  association studies of SNP for pre-eclampsia have yielded conflicting results. This study investigated the association of AGT rs699 and ascertain the socio-medical factors with pre-eclampsia amongst gestating women in Lagos, Nigeria. Ethical approval and informed  consent were obtained from Health Research and Ethical committees. Thirty-eight (38) preeclamptic (P) and 39 normotensive (N) pregnant women from a selected maternity hospital were recruited for this study. Demographic characteristics, medical history, and  present medical conditions were assessed using questionnaires. Blood samples were collected and AGT rs699 was genotyped. Descriptive  statistics, independent sample t-test, chi-square, and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data obtained (p <0.05). The mean age and weight of women with pre-eclampsia were higher in preeclamptic women with no significant difference (P =  32.43 ± 5.76, N = 30.97 ± 4.54, and P =79.04 ± 10.28, N = 76.82 ± 15.35 respectively). Diastolic blood pressure (DBP), Systolic blood pressure  (SBP), and Proteinuria were significantly higher in preeclamptic patients. Surprisingly, the incidence of AGT rs699 was significantly higher  in 2 normotensive (82%) women than in preeclamptic women (17%) (X =29.150, p = 0.00001). A significant correlation was observed  between AGT rs699 and SBP in normotensive patients (r2 = 0.201, p=0.003) and a negative correlation in preeclamptic patients. In  contrast, AGT rs699 was negatively related to DBP with no statistical difference in both the normotensive and preeclamptic groups. In  addition, no correlation nor significant differences were observed between AGT rs699 and the weights of the preeclampsic and    normatensive women. In conclusion, this study revealed a negative significant association between preeclampsia and AGT rs699 among  cases and the control population studied.
Antimalarial activity of caffeine, orally administered with a lipid-based formulation in a Murine model
Authors: Fadare O.A. , Omisore N.O. , Fadare R.Y. , Oduwale A.I. , Awofisayo O. , Ogundolie F.A. , Salaria D. , Rolta R. , Adesanwo J.K.
Published: August 2024

Despite Caffeine being known essentially for its psychoactive properties, an attempt was made in this study to investigate its potential  antimalarial activity considering that it's an alkaloid and that the malaria parasite is a purine auxotroph. In the baseline experiment,  caffeine was administered at three doses (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) once daily in suppressive and curative models. The observed  chemosuppression activity was comparable to that of chloroquine (CQ) in both experiments. In the baseline suppressive experiment, a  chemosuppression of 70.39% for CQ (at 10 mg/kg) was observed, while caffeine had 78.90%, 80.73% and 81.95% at the respective doses. However, the survival index estimated based on the rate of survival of the experimental animals for 28 days post infection, was very low  (33%, 29% and 43% respectively, and the same trend was observed in the baseline curative experiment). This initial result showed that  caffeine had potential as an antimalarial agent relative to the standard drug, chloroquine, and the lipid-based formulation must have  played a role in ensuring that the caffeine had enhanced bioavailability. A follow-up experiment was conducted in which the caffeine was  administered twice daily (at 20 mg/kg) in suppressive and curative experiments. The observed chemosuppression in the suppressive test  (with twice daily administration), showed that caffeine at 20 mg/kg had similar antiplasmodial activity with chloroquine (10 mg/kg). Both  had chemosuppression of 53.6% and 54.36%, respectively and a survival index of 100% was recorded for both compounds. The curative  experiment that followed (also with twice daily administration) further showed that caffeine compares favourably with chloroquine.  Caffeine exhibited 45.92%, 72.00%, 69.87% chemosuppression as compared to chloroquine with 20.97%, 65.64%, 60.95% for 3, 5 and 7 days of treatment respectively. Caffeine's survival index was very high and much better than what was observed in the once daily  administration experiment. A survival index of 93% was observed in the twice daily administration curative experiment against the 53%  survival index observed in the once daily curative experiment. It is assumed that apart from the fact that the lipid-based oral delivery  system ensured that the caffeine was effectively absorbed, bypassing liver first-pass, the twice daily administration also helped to sustain  large concentrations of the caffeine in the blood to offset the rapid clearance that caffeine is known for.
Isolation, characterization of ethanol-tolerant yeast from decaying oranges and pineapples for the production of bioethanol: A waste management option
Authors: Adeyemo S.F. , Ajao A.B. , Ajayi O.S. , Aina M.O. , Afonja M.A. , Abimbola O.G. , Adeyemo S.M.
Published: August 2024

The increase in population has led to a high demand for petroleum, a nonrenewable fossil fuel; excessive use of which results in global  warming causing health and environmental problems. Therefore, there is a need for urgent replacement with renewable energy such as  Bioethanol. The study focuses on isolating, identifying, and confirming ethanol-tolerant yeasts from decaying oranges and pineapples  obtained from local markets within the Ibadan Metropolis. Standard morphological, biochemical, analytical profile index (API), and  physicochemical tests were carried out on the yeasts and ethanol produced respectively. The fruits were crushed, juice extracted and  yeasts isolated with Yeast Extract Agar (YEA) and screened for ethanol, NaCl, and antibiotics tolerance. The brix level, titratable acidity, pH,  and specific gravity of the ethanol produced were determined during fermentation from day zero to fourteen. The yeasts isolated  were Candida valida, Pichia meri, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluveromyces fragilis, and K. marxianus. The pH and TTA were monitored  from day 0 to day 14, a decrease in pH from 4.57 to 3.07 and an increase in TTA from 0.03 to 0.51 was observed as fermentation  progressed. There was a significant reduction in reducing sugar level (brix) from 1.10 to 0.20; and specific gravity from 1.036 on day 0 to 1.005 on day 14. The lower the specific gravity, the higher the alcohol content. This means that the alcohol content increases as the  specific gravity reduces. Moreover, the pH and the specific gravity reduced, and the ethanol content increased with fermentation time.  This research concluded that decaying oranges and pineapples can serve as substrates for isolating of ethanol-tolerant yeasts and  producing bioethanol, thus presenting a viable waste management solution.
Evaluation of antifungal activity of lactic acid bacteria from locally sourced yoghurts on isolates of Candida Albicans from cases of vaginitis
Authors: Lionel Okunye Olufemi , Adegboyega Idowu Philip , Babalola Caroline Olufunke , Comfort Kotun Bunmi , Seun Ayedun Joshua , Ann Adesanya Ayomide , Teniola Kolade Titilayo , Chijioke Iloka Brenda
Published: August 2024

This study assessed antifungal activity of lactic acid bacteria from locally made yoghurts on isolates of candida albicans from cases of  vaginitis. Locally sourced yoghurt samples were cultured on MRS agar and incubated anaerobically at optimum temperature for the  isolation of Lactic Acid Bacteria. The pH and total viable counts parameters of the isolates from the samples were determined. Isolates of Candida albicans from cases of vaginitis collected were biochemically confirmed after SDA plated. The isolates were exposed to antifungal  agents with varied concentrations and thereafter, challenged with Lactic Acid Bacteria laden yoghurt samples prepared in  varied concentration on MRS agar overlayered with SDA. Plasmid DNA of the LAB isolates were determined. The isolates of Candida  albicans exhibited 100% resistance to conventional antifungal agents exposed with the exception of Candida albicans 1 that were  susceptible to all the antifungal agents while Candida albicans 4 was susceptible to amphotericin B, fluconazole, and nystatin. Three(3) of  the four (4) isolates of Candida albicans challenged with Habib (LABHAY) and Tunik(LAB TY ) yoghurt were 100% susceptible the LAB  laden yoghurt samples while Candida albicans isolates 3 (Ca3) were (100%) resistant to LABHAY and LAB TY. Of the the four(4) isolates of  Candida albicans were(100%) susceptible to Cedaar (LABCY) and Fan milk(LABFM) yoghurt and while Candida albicans isolates number 3  (Ca3) exhibited resistance to LABCY and LABFM. Lactic Acid Bacteria in this study, exhibited remarkable antifungal activity on Candida  albicans isolates from cases of vaginitis. This property could be exploited as a bio-protective and therapeutic option, for cases of Candida  albicans and fungi with related features.
Sustainability and inclusion from African perspectives
Authors: Tchombe Therese Mungah Shalo
Published: August 2024

Sustainability entails a change in the exploitation of resources while maintaining essential ecological processes and life support systems,  preserving genetic diversity, and ensuring the utilisation of species and ecosystems. Effective realisation of sustainability requires the  implementation of inclusive practices, whereby diversity is embraced from the educational, economic, social, cultural, and psychological dimensions of human life and climate change. Commenting on the African perspective, the need to search for alternative solutions to  Africa’s development challenges calls for a critical examination of what sustainability and inclusion mean for Africans and how these can  impact their lives in the 21st century. Sustainability and inclusion from African perspectives, therefore, raise concerns about the cultural,  socioeconomic, political, health, spiritual, environmental, and socially responsible processes, underpinned by Africentric humanistic  philosophies of communalism and socialism. The discussions of this paper posit a paradigm shift from Eurocentric scientific and  pedagogical principles. In this light, the paper critically situates the significance of Ujamaa and Ubuntu, African philosophies to illustrate  that sustainability and inclusion, are exemplified by harmonious relationship between the human being and nature. Nonetheless the  changing context of Africa poses some new challenges for sustainability and inclusion within African cultures. Development issues ought  to be people-driven, inclusively focusing on African values, guided also by relevant orientations from Africa’s Agenda 2063 of “an  integrated, prosperous and peaceful Africa, driven by its citizens and representing a dynamic force in the international arena”.
Nowoczesność, kolonializm i Zagłada Romów
Authors: Kapralski Sławomir
Published: August 2024

The article presents the relationship between European colonialism, the modernization of European society and the Nazi persecution of the Roma as a cause and effect relationship, in which the result of the interaction between colonialism and modernization was the phenomenon of “internal colonialism”: the application of racist colonial policy to some minorities existing within European societies, including Roma. The author’s intention was to apply Hannah Arendt’s concept of the “boomerang effect” to the situation of the Roma, a concept that worked particularly well when applied to Germany, where internal colonialism compensated for the loss of overseas colonies after World War I. Using the boomerang effect in the context of the project of modern society, one can better understand various forms of anti-Roma policy: forced assimilation, exclusion, the mechanism of scapegoating and substitute victim. The colonial sources of anti-Roma violence are also becoming visible: from negative stereotyping, through racial segregation, to concentration camps and extermination. The author is of the opinion that decolonization of the Roma Studies requires a deeper reflection on the colonial sources of anti-Roma policy.
Romsko-gadziowskie związki. Analiza i negocjowanie granic etnicznych
Authors: Styrkacz Sonia
Published: August 2024

This article focuses on the analysis of culturally mixed relationships, using the example of Romani-Gadjo (non-Romani) relationships. The aim is to explore, analyze, and deconstruct stereotypes and understand the perspectives of individuals involved in such relationships or opting out of them, with a particular emphasis on the Romani community. The analysis includes examining the motivations and challenges associated with participating in or disengaging from such relationships. As part of the decolonization of research, this work seeks to dismantle certain cognitive structures concerning the understanding of Romani-Gadjo relationships by the mainstream society, offering a more complex and nuanced perspective. In this sense, decolonization implies a conscious approach to exploring diversity and deeply rooted connections between the Romani and Gadjo communities at large. The author develops her arguments using empirical research findings (surveys, in-depth interviews), contributing to a more empathetic and scientifically grounded understanding of the discussed relationships.
„Osoby niepożądane” w relacjach polsko-szwedzkich. „Może tu chodzić o Cyganów”
Authors: Fiałkowska Kamila
Published: August 2024

The article focuses on a lesser-known aspect of the history of Polish migration to Sweden, considering the consequences of the 1981 pogrom in Oświęcim, which resulted in the eviction of a group of Polish Roma from Poland and their simultaneous deprivation of {Polish citizenship. This littleknown migration episode, analysed using documents gathered in the archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MSZ), forms the basis for the analysis and discussion of the processes of racializing so-called “undesirable persons.” The author places these considerations in the context of centurieslong actions by states and their violence against Roma communities. Additionally, the article References literature on the problematization of Roma migration in Europe. The text expands knowledge about institutional practices towards Polish Roma, considering them as a systemically marginalized community against which the state tested various tools of oppression, stigmatization, and exclusion from the community of citizens.
Słuchać, uczestniczyć, nie oceniać. Z perspektywy uczestniczki romsko-gadziowskiego zespołu badawczego
Authors: Doboszewska Alina
Published: August 2024

The article refers to a series of projects on Roma professions carried out for both research and activist purposes by the Krakow-based Dobra Wola Foundation. The author describes her way to take up the Roma topic and the problems involved, referring to the method of autoethnography and engaged anthropology. Three aspects are very important in such research: the ability to go beyond the hierarchy of power in the researcher-respondent relationship, the maintenance of appropriate ethical standards and the awareness of social responsibility when adopting an activist perspective. To what extent was this achieved during the activities carried out by the project team? What were their strengths and what went wrong and where were mistakes made? How do the research team organise and carry out the activities to avoid subjecting the people being researched? There are no simple answers to these and similar questions, but they are worth looking at in order to stimulate reflection by both male and female researchers and activists working in the Roma community, as well as other ethnic or minority groups in Poland.
PEMANFAATAN MEDIA KECERDASAN BUATAN DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA TINGKAT SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS: PERSPEKTIF SISWA
Authors: Susmita Nelvia , Zaim M. , Thahar Harris Effendi , Wahyuni Sinta
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami perspektif siswa terhadap pemanfaatan media AI dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia di tingkat SMA. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif, Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 375 orang siswa di SMA Negeri 2 Sungai Penuh dan sampel ditentukan dengan teknik sampel acak, jumlah sampel 193 diperoleh dengan teknik Slovin. Instrumen pengumpulan data adalah kuesioner yang telah di uji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Data dianalisis dengan teknik analisis deskriptif dengan bantuan SPSS 26. Hasil penelitian adalah mayoritas siswa menunjukkan tingkat keakraban yang tinggi dengan kecerdasan buatan (AI) dalam konteks pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di tingkat SMA. Mereka menunjukkan pemahaman yang baik tentang konsep AI, serta memiliki pengalaman positif dalam menggunakan aplikasi atau alat berbasis AI. Siswa juga menunjukkan optimisme yang tinggi terhadap manfaat AI dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia, percaya bahwa AI dapat meningkatkan pemahaman, efektivitas, keterlibatan, kepercayaan diri, dan pencapaian akademik mereka dalam mata pelajaran tersebut. Meskipun demikian, penggunaan AI dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia masih belum optimal, dengan adopsi teknologi ini masih rendah. Terdapat kekhawatiran yang signifikan di antara siswa terkait potensi risiko AI, seperti ketergantungan berlebihan pada teknologi, kesenjangan pendidikan, masalah privasi, dan impersonalitas dalam pembelajaran.AbstractThis study aims to understand students' perspectives on the utilization of AI media in Indonesian language learning at the high school level. The method used in this research is quantitative, the population in this study were 375 students in SMA Negeri 2 Sungai Penuh and the sample was determined by random sample technique, the sample size was 193 obtained by slovin technique. The data collection instrument is a questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques by using SPSS 26. The result of the study is that the majority of students show a high level of familiarity with artificial intelligence (AI) in the context of Indonesian language learning at the high school level. They demonstrated a good understanding of AI concepts, as well as having positive experiences in using AI-based applications or tools. Students also show high optimism towards the benefits of AI in Indonesian language learning, believing that AI can improve their understanding, effectiveness, engagement, confidence and academic achievement in the subject. Despite this, the use of AI in Indonesian language learning is still not optimal, with adoption of this technology still low. There are significant concerns among students regarding the potential risks of AI, such as over-reliance on technology, educational gaps, privacy issues, and impersonality in learning.
Connaissance, perception et définition du concept « Patient Partenaire de Soins » : qu’en pensent les professionnels de santé impliqués en éducation thérapeutique ?: Résultats d'une enquête nationale
Authors: Voyen Madeline , Nguyen-Thi Phi Linh , Germain Lucie , Pétré Benoît , Younsi Mohamed Omar , Mathieu J , Ziegler Olivier , Böhme Philip
Published: August 2024

L’approche patient partenaire de soins (APPS) implique de considérer le patient comme un membre à part entière de l’équipe de soins.