bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some Properties of a Function Originating from Geometric Probability for Pairs of Hyperplanes Intersecting with a Convex Body
Authors: Qi Feng , Mahmoud Mansour
Published: June 2016

In the paper, the authors derive an integral representation, present a double inequality, supply an asymptotic formula, find an inequality, and verify complete monotonicity of a function involving the gamma function and originating from geometric probability for pairs of hyperplanes intersecting with a convex body.
Effects of Cl Addition to Sb-Doped Perovskite-Type CH3NH3PbI3 Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Oku Takeo , Ohishi Yuya , Suzuki Atsushi , Miyazawa Yuzuru
Published: June 2016

The effects of SbI3, PbCl2, and NH4Cl addition to perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 precursor solutions on photovoltaic properties were investigated. TiO2/CH3NH3Pb(Sb)I3(Cl)-based photovoltaic devices were fabricated by a spin-coating technique, and the microstructures of the devices were investigated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Current density-voltage characteristics and incident photon-to-current conversion efficiencies were improved by a small amount of Sb- and Cl-doping, which resulted in improvement of the efficiencies of the devices. The structure analysis indicated formation of a homogeneous microstructure by NH4Cl addition with SbI3.
Artonin E and Structural Analogs from Artocarpus Species Abrogates Estrogen Receptor Signaling in Breast Cancer
Authors: Etti Imaobong , Abdullah Rasedee , Hashim Najihah , Kadir Arifah , Abdul Ahmad , Etti Christopher , Malami Ibrahim , Waziri Peter , How Chee
Published: June 2016

The increasing rate of mortality ensued from breast cancer has encouraged research into safer and efficient therapy. The human Estrogen receptor α has been implicated in the majority of reported breast cancer cases. Molecular docking employing Glide, Schrodinger suite 2015, was used to study the binding affinities of small molecules from the Artocarpus species after their drug-like properties were ascertained. The structure of the ligand-binding domain of human Estrogen receptor α was retrieved from Protein Data Bank while the structures of compounds were collected from PubChem database. The binding interactions of the studied compounds were reported as well as their glide scores. The best glide scored ligand, was Artonin E with a score of −12.72 Kcal when compared to other studied phytomolecules and it evoked growth inhibition of an estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cells in submicromolar concentration (3.8–6.9 µM) in comparison to a reference standard Tamoxifen (18.9–24.1 µM) within the tested time point (24–72 h). The studied ligands, which had good interactions with the target receptor, were also drug-like when compared with 95% of orally available drugs with the exception of Artoelastin, whose predicted physicochemical properties rendered it less drug-like. The in silico physicochemical properties, docking interactions and growth inhibition of the best glide scorer are indications of the anti-breast cancer relevance of the studied molecules.
Quality Evaluation of Scrophulariae Radix Processed by Different ‘Sweating’ Methods Based on Simultaneous Determination of Multiple Bioactive Constituents Combined with Grey Relational Analysis
Authors: Wang Shengnan , Hua Yujiao , Xu Li , Zou Lisi , Liu Xunhong , Luo Yiyuan , Liu Juanxiu , Yan Ying
Published: June 2016

Scrophulariae Radix is one of the most popular traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), which needs to be processed by ‘sweating’ methods. Primary processing of Scrophulariae Radix is an important link which closely relates to the quality of products in this TCM. To facilitate selection of the suitable ‘sweating’ processing method for Scrophulariae Radix, in this study the quality of Scrophulariae Radix processed by different ‘sweating’ methods was evaluated based on simultaneous determination of multiple bioactive constituents combined with grey relational analysis. The contents of iridoid glycosides, phenylpropanoid glycosides, and organic acids in Scrophulariae Radix processed by different ‘sweating’ methods were simultaneously determined using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS). Furthermore, grey relational analysis (GRA) was performed to evaluate the ‘sweating’ processed samples according to the contents of twelve constituents. All of the results demonstrated that the quality of Scrophulariae Radix processed by oven drying at 35 °C and ‘sweating’ for three days was better. The developed method was useful for the overall assessment on quality of Scrophulariae Radix, and this study may provide the foundation and support for ‘sweating’ processing of Scrophulariae Radix in normalization and standardization.
Dyeing of Polyester with Disperse Dyes: Part 2. Synthesis and Dyeing Characteristics of Some Azo Disperse Dyes for Polyester Fabrics
Authors: Al-Etaibi Alya , Alnassar Huda , El-Apasery Morsy
Published: June 2016

The goal of this study was to utilize carrier for accelerating the rate of dyeing not only to enhance dyeing of polyester fabrics dyed with disperse dyes 3a,b, but also to save energy. Both the color strength expressed as dye uptake and the fastness properties of the dyed fabrics were evaluated.
Study of the Activity and Possible Mechanism of Action of a Reversible Inhibitor of Recombinant Human KAT-2: A Promising Lead in Neurodegenerative and Cognitive Disorders
Authors: Nematollahi Alireza , Sun Guanchen , Jayawickrama Gayan , Hanrahan Jane , Church W.
Published: June 2016

Abnormal levels of kynurenic acid (KYNA) in the human brain are believed to be connected to several central nervous system (CNS) diseases, therefore compounds which affect the production of this crucial metabolite are of interest in CNS drug development. The majority of KYNA production is accounted for by kynurenine aminotransferase-2 (KAT-2) in the mammalian brain; hence this enzyme is one of the most interesting targets with which to modulate KYNA levels. Recently developed human KAT-2 inhibitors with high potencies are known to irreversibly bind to the enzyme cofactor, pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP), which may lead to severe side effects due to the abundance of PLP-dependent enzymes. In this study, we report a reversible and competitive inhibitor of KAT-2. Its inhibitory activities were examined using HPLC and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and compare favorably with other recently reported KAT-2 inhibitors. Our inhibitor, NS-1502, demonstrates suitable inhibitory activity, almost 10 times more potent than the known reversible KAT-2, (S)-ESBA.
Alendronate-Loaded Modified Drug Delivery Lipid Particles Intended for Improved Oral and Topical Administration
Authors: Ochiuz Lacramioara , Grigoras Cristian , Popa Marcel , Stoleriu Iulian , Munteanu Corneliu , Timofte Daniel , Profire Lenuta , Grigoras Anca
Published: June 2016

The present paper focuses on solid lipid particles (SLPs), described in the literature as the most effective lipid drug delivery systems that have been introduced in the last decades, as they actually combine the advantages of polymeric particles, hydrophilic/lipophilic emulsions and liposomes. In the current study, we present our most recent advances in the preparation of alendronate (AL)-loaded SLPs prepared by hot homogenization and ultrasonication using various ratios of a self-emulsifying lipidic mixture of Compritol 888, Gelucire 44/14, and Cremophor A 25. The prepared AL-loaded SLPs were investigated for their physicochemical, morphological and structural characteristics by dynamic light scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric and powder X-ray diffraction analysis, infrared spectroscopy, optical and scanning electron microscopy. Entrapment efficacy and actual drug content were assessed by a validated HPLC method. In vitro dissolution tests performed in simulated gastro-intestinal fluids and phosphate buffer solution pH 7.4 revealed a prolonged release of AL of 70 h. Additionally, release kinetics analysis showed that both in simulated gastrointestinal fluids and in phosphate buffer solution, AL is released from SLPs based on equal ratios of lipid excipients following zero-order kinetics, which characterizes prolonged-release drug systems.
k-Essence Non-Minimally Coupled with Gauss–Bonnet Invariant for Inflation
Authors: Myrzakulov Ratbay , Sebastiani Lorenzo
Published: June 2016

In this paper, we investigated inflationary solutions for a subclass of Horndeski models where a scalar field is non-minimally coupled with the Gauss–Bonnet invariant. Examples of canonical scalar field and k-essence to support the early-time acceleration are considered. The formalism to calculate the perturbations in a Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) universe and to derive the spectral index and the tensor-to-scalar ratio is furnished.
Scale-Up Effects of CO2 Capture by Methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) Solutions in Terms of Loading Capacity
Authors: Santos Samuel , Gomes João , Bordado João
Published: June 2016

In the present study, results from three different CO2 capture experimental scales (laboratory, pilot unit, and a larger pilot unit), using aqueous amine solutions of methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) 20 wt %, are compared in terms of loading capacity. All three tested scales produced results regarding CO2 absorption using MDEA aqueous solutions, which were largely in accordance with the theoretical loading capacity of the used amine. Nevertheless, the observed differences between the theoretical and actual absorption behaviors of MDEA solutions for the different scales can be justified with the relative weight that process variables exhibit when the process is scaled up. Therefore, in order to achieve a correct scale-up of the process, simulations should be performed in order to define the best set of operational parameters in order to achieve high production yields and therefore more process profitability.
The role of faithfulness in imperfect overlapping in Korean blends: A nonce word study
Authors: Ahn Suzy
Published: June 2016

This paper reports on a nonce word study of imperfect overlapping in Korean blends where speakers rated blends with various pairs of segments in a possible overlapping position (e.g. kata+pami = katami). The results show that Korean speakers prefer blends with segments with a laryngeal feature difference (/p/ vs. /ph/) as overlapping segments in comparison to pairs with a place (/p/ and /k/) or manner (/p/ and /m/) feature differences. Moreover, Korean speakers preferred blends that retained certain segments. When fortis/aspirated stops are in competition with lenis stops (e.g. katha+tami), the resultant blends with fortis/aspirated stops are rated higher (kathami is rated higher than katami). This paper argues that these preferences arise from the faithfulness rankings required in the phonology of Korean; they do not require a construction-specific grammar just for blends.
Pathological Effects of Local Disjunction
Authors: O'Hara Charlie
Published: June 2016

When working in Optimality Theory (Prince & Smolensky, 1993/2004; McCarthy & Prince, 1995), a balance must be found when positing constraints between those that are not powerful enough to explain attested forms of opacity, and those that are too powerful and predict problematic and pathological languages. Constraint connectives, which create new constraints whose violations are defined relative to those of two simple constraints, can be a simple and intuitive way to extend the power of OT to capture opacity. Local Conjunction (Smolensky, 1993; Moreton & Smolensky, 2002; Itô & Mester, 2003) is the best known connective, but since its inception considerable restraint has been placed upon it to prevent it from predicting pathological effects (Itô & Mester, 1996; Łubowicz, 2005; Pater, 2009). Yet, as explored in Wolf (2007), Local Conjunction is just one of 16 possible constraint connectives. Along with and, some have posited or, as we do in natural language and logic. I call this connective Local Disjunction.1 Local Disjunction was first posited by Hewitt & Crowhurst (1996), and explored further in later work by Crowhurst & Hewitt (1997); Crowhurst (2011); Downing (2000, 1998). In this paper, I argue that Local Disjunction creates pathological effects, and even restriction like that which we have applied to Local Conjunction cannot save it.
Metrical Tone Shift and Spread in Harmonic Serialism
Authors: Breteler Jeroen
Published: June 2016

This paper proposes a framework for the analysis of bounded tone patterns, where tone shifts or spreads across a small distance. The framework starts from the idea that foot structure drives such tone processes, with foot edges acting as targets for tone association. To account for trisyllabic patterns, a theory of layered foot representation is adopted (Kager 2012, Martinez-Paricio 2013). In addition, to account for the opacity of foot-driven tone shift, the analysis is cast in Harmonic Serialism (Prince & Smolensky 1993, McCarthy 2000). Lastly, the paper presents a set of licensing and structural markedness constraints to derive the desired patterns. The approach is successfully applied to the default tone pattern of tbe Saghala noun phrase (Patin 2009), which shows a combination of shifting and spreading over a trisyllabic domain.
Perceptual Similarity Modulates Context Effects in Online Compensation for Phonological Variation
Authors: Chong Adam , Sundara Megha
Published: June 2016

Using a cross-modal word identification task and an eye-tracking visual-world experiment, we investigated the importance of phonological context in the recovery of tap variants of /t/- and /d/-final words in American English. In Experiment 1, listeners were less accurate when they heard a tap variant of a /t/ word in a non-licensing environment (before a consonant) than when they heard it in a licensing environment (before an unstressed vowel). Contrastively, there was no difference in accuracy for tap variants of /d/ words across different contexts. Similarly, in Experiment 2, listeners looked less often at the target word when they heard tap variants of /t/ words in a mismatching context than a matching one. A mismatch context, however, did not result in fewer looks to the target with tap variants of /d/ words. Importantly, both accuracy and proportion of looks to the target word were higher in the mismatch phonological context than when presented with mispronounced forms. Our results contrast with previous findings on tap variants of /t/. These findings also suggest that contextual information is less important when a surface form is a closer perceptual match to the lexical representation (canonical stops and tap variants of /d/). Thus a model of word recognition must take into account both frequency of a variant in context and the perceptual distance between a variant and its lexical representation.
Information Structure Features and Syntax-prosody Mapping of Bangla Embedded Clauses: Implications for Match Theory
Authors: Hsu Brian
Published: June 2016

[Abstract not available]
Nasal Spreading as Defective Gestural Deactivation
Authors: Smith Caitlin
Published: June 2016

[Abstract not available]
Editors' note
Authors: Albright Adam , Fullwood Michelle A.
Published: June 2016

This note provides an introduction to the proceedings of the 2014 Annual Meeting on Phonology, held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from September 19-21, 2014. It provides some statistical information about conference participation, and it acknowledges the help and support of numerous people with the conference organization and proceedings, along with the funding that made the conference possible.
The Sticky Reading: VP Ellipsis Without Parallel Binding
Authors: Elliott Patrick D. , Nicolae Andreea , Sudo Yasutada
Published: June 2016

Abstract VP Ellipsis (VPE) whose antecedent VP contains a pronoun famously gives rise to an ambiguity between strict and sloppy readings. Since Sag’s (1976) seminal work, it is generally assumed that the strict reading involves free pronouns in both the elided VP and its antecedent, whereas the sloppy reading involves bound pronouns. The majority of current approaches to VPE are tailored to derive this parallel binding requirement, ruling out mixed readings where one of the VPs involves a bound pronoun and the other a free pronoun in parallel positions. Contrary to this assumption, it is observed that there are cases of VPE where the antecedent VP contains a bound pronoun but the elided VP contains a free E-type pronoun anchored to the quantifier, in violation of parallel binding. We dub this the ‘sticky reading’ of VPE. To account for it, we propose a new identity condition on VPE which is less stringent than is standardly assumed. We formalize this using an extension of Roberts’s (2012) Question under Discussion (QuD) theory of information structure.
ROADSIDE PUBLIC SURVEY APPROACH IN BLACK SPOT IDENTIFICATION ON RURAL ROADS: CASE STUDY
Authors: Nešić Miladin , Lipovac Krsto , Vujanić Milan , Jovanović Dragan
Published: June 2016

This paper examines the possibility of applying the Subjective Black Spot Identification Method on state roads. A survey was conducted using interviews about 659 drivers’ attitudes on the existence of Black Spots, on nine sections of state roads in the Republic of Serbia. A total of 124 locations were obtained which drivers believed were Perceived Dangerous Locations (PDLs). A set of hypotheses was defined in order to examine whether a particular PDL is a Black Spot and the test was carried out using the Bayesian Multiple Testing (BMT). Since an actual Black Spot has not been recognized as a PDL in the survey, which consequently is not subject to the BMT, new concept that includes: frequency of mishits in identifying real ‘Black Spots’ (RPM) and real ‘non Black Spots’ (RNM) and frequency of hits in identifying real ‘Black Spots’ (RPH) and real ‘non Black Spots’ (RNH) have been therefore introduced, enabling the inclusion of this outcome in the BMT. Optimisation methods have been proposed for the optimum threshold t selection with the minimization of the frequency of mishits (RPM and RNM) and maximization of the frequency of hits (RPH and RNH). Two operatively usable solutions have been offered here: if the consumption of resources and the effectiveness of spending of funds for identification are primarily low, then the best result is obtained using the optimisation with the minimization of the sum of mishits frequency. Then t = 24.7% (threshold of votes for selecting PDLs as Black Spots), and the ratio of correctly and wrongly selected Black Spots is 1:1.16. On the other hand, if the goal is to detect as many real Black Spots, regardless of the reduction in the effectiveness of spending of funds, then the optimisation with the equalizing of the frequencies of mishits gives the best results. In that case, t = 7.7%, and the ratio of correctly and wrongly selected Black Spots is 1:7.15.
L’entraide en institution pour personnes en situation de handicap mental : d’une recherche-action à un modèle d’analyse
Authors: Ros Jenny , Grossen Michèle
Published: June 2016

Le but de cette recherche-action, réalisée auprès de professionnels travaillant dans un foyer socio-éducatif pour personnes en situation de handicap, était d’identifier les pratiques de l’entraide, de les théoriser et de développer un dispositif de formation. La démarche méthodologique inductive a consisté à collecter des exemples d’entraide pour les analyser et théoriser la notion d’entraide. Par la confrontation de ces exemples, huit éléments de définition de l’entraide, situés aux niveaux micro-, meso- ou macro-social, ont été identifiés. L’approche « située » de l’entraide ainsi dégagée montre la nécessité de considérer toute activité d’entraide en contexte. Au plan pratique, cette approche entend fournir aux professionnels les moyens d’analyser leurs pratiques et de faire face à la part d’improvisation propre à tout métier.
Le mauvais genre ? Genre, sexe et société
Authors: Klinkenberg Marie
Published: June 2016

Analyse critique de la lecture naturaliste des différences entre hommes et femmes en matière d’aptitudes, de compétences, de goûts, d’intérêts. Examen des mécanismes individuels et collectifs de construction et de consolidation des comportements inégalitaires entre hommes et femmes. Questionnement de la « théorie du genre » dans la perspective d’une lutte globale contre les inégalités.
Choix de femme pour métier (dit) d’homme, quand la démarche collective soutient les possibles individuels
Authors: Carlier Ariel , Marlier Agnès
Published: June 2016

L’exemple concret des femmes qui se sont lancées, par amour d’un métier, dans le secteur de la construction, interpelle nos représentations sociales. Ceci est le reflet des va-et-vient continuels entre le vécu des femmes pionnières dans un métier majoritairement masculin et les théories du genre. Petit pas par petit pas, la mixité fait son chemin dans l’un des secteurs les plus fermés à l’entrée des femmes dans ses rangs. Le stéréotype de la femme au travail est en mutation.
Les oubliées du rêve américain
Authors: Duvoux Nicolas
Published: June 2016

Résumé Aux États-Unis, les femmes tiennent, historiquement, une place centrale dans les interventions publiques en matière de pauvreté. Issu d’une recherche analysant les transformations de l’action en direction des pauvres aux États-Unis, et notamment l’intervention croissante des intermédiaires associatifs et philanthropiques dans le cadre d’une privatisation du Welfare , cet article vise à restituer la réception d’une action philanthropique ayant pour objectif de combattre la pauvreté urbaine dans la ville de Boston. Il s’attache à saisir les modalités et les raisons d’une différenciation genrée de ses effets au sein d’une population racialement ségrégée et socialement défavorisée.
Les habitants des quartiers refondés face à l’injustice spatiale
Authors: Cousin Bruno
Published: June 2016

Résumé En s’appuyant sur cinquante-cinq entretiens approfondis réalisés entre 2004 et 2008 auprès d’habitant-e-s des espaces refondés de Courbevoie et Levallois-Perret (Hauts-de-Seine), on analyse ici le sens de la justice spatiale de ces derniers, ainsi que les arrangements et les compromis qu’ils mettent en avant lorsque leurs choix résidentiels et leur rapport à la mixité sont soumis à la critique. Portant sur une fraction des classes (moyennes-) supérieures ayant choisi d’habiter dans de nouveaux quartiers particulièrement homogènes socialement, cet article propose ainsi un aperçu inédit des justifications, tentatives de justification et refus de justification d’une population participant au maintien et à l’aggravation de la ségrégation urbaine.
La neutralisation politique de la pauvreté
Authors: Rodriguez Jacques , Wachsberger Jean-Michel
Published: June 2016

Résumé Les chercheurs et experts qui étudient la pauvreté sont souvent partie prenante des rapports de pouvoir constitutifs de la pauvreté elle-même. Le savoir sur la pauvreté peut ainsi contribuer à politiser ou, inversement, à dépolitiser les questions de pauvreté, même lorsqu’il procède de recherches objectives, scientifiques et qui font autorité. À partir d’une relecture critique de travaux en sociologie et en économie, cet article montre que, si les recherches menées au début du xx e  siècle ont favorisé la reconnaissance de la pauvreté en tant que problème politique, les relations plus étroites qui existent désormais entre savoir et pouvoir concourent plutôt à neutraliser les enjeux politiques de cette question.
La perception de la pauvreté sous l’angle de la théorie de l’attachement
Authors: Paugam Serge
Published: June 2016

Résumé La naturalisation, la culpabilisation et la victimisation constituent trois formes de perception de la pauvreté diffuses et inévitablement présentes dans toutes les sociétés. Cet article étudie, au-delà des facteurs de variation généralement pris en compte, ce qui renvoie plus spécifiquement à des modes de régulation des liens sociaux que l’on peut analyser à partir d’une typologie de configurations d’attachement.
Le maléfice de la race et le corps de l’indésirable
Authors: Agier Michel
Published: June 2016

Résumé Qu’est-ce ce qui fait exister, durer et se transformer un racisme sans race, dont la chasse au faciès du paria de la mondialisation (le migrant indésirable) est aujourd’hui la dernière mais peut-être pas l’ultime version ? Cet article aborde le racisme sous l’angle de son expérience sociale, comme un langage de domination. En traitant la race telle qu’elle est mise en situation, dans les interactions ou historiquement, on cherche à la déconstruire sans donner le moindre crédit à la pensée raciale.
L’espace de la mission, un objet d’étude évident mais souvent déconsidéré
Authors: Vasquez Jean-Michel
Published: June 2016

Comment définir l’espace de la mission ? Est-il un espace culturel ou religieux, délimité par des marques visibles de l’évangélisation ? Si l’espace est une notion habituellement étudiée par les géographes qui lui proposent plusieurs acceptations, celui de la mission interroge plutôt les historiens ou les anthropologues spécialisés sur le fait missionnaire. Son étude montre un paradoxe : a priori évident, parce que toute mission chrétienne se déroule toujours sur un territoire donné, cet objet reste malgré tout déconsidéré, comme le montre un bref exposé historiographique. Pourtant, il est très approprié pour représenter l’évangélisation à différentes échelles.
L’éducation jésuite à Taïwan et la politique culturelle du gouvernement de Chiang Kai-shek : L’impossible accommodement ?
Authors: Chen Alexandre Tsung-Ming
Published: June 2016

Cette étude s’intéresse à l’impact de la politique culturelle et éducationnelle du gouvernement de Chiang Kai-shek sur l’engagement éducatif jésuite dans trois établissements à Taïwan : le Lycée professionnel de St. Aloysius, l’École Xuhui et deux Facultés dans l’Université catholique Fujen. L’analyse porte sur les difficultés de l’application des méthodes ignatiennes dans le contexte local. L’auteur l’élargit à une réflexion sur la question de la compatibilité entre l’idéologie politique et le christianisme.
Accueillir son bébé loin des siens
Authors: Goguikian Ratcliff Betty , Sharapova Anna , Pereira Catarina , Borel Fabienne
Published: June 2016

Cette étude évalue les symptômes dépressifs et le vécu de la grossesse et du post-partum chez les migrantes primo-arrivantes non francophones, lors d’une visite à domicile, 3 mois après l’accouchement. La plupart des femmes rapporte une forte anxiété durant la grossesse et fait état d’un important sentiment de solitude et d’isolement. La présence d’un soutien familial et conjugal différenciait les mères non déprimées de celles déprimées. Les résultats soulignent l’importance de la mise en place d’actions préventives d’étayage psychosocial culturellement sensible durant la période allant de la grossesse aux premiers mois après l’accouchement.
Les déterminants de la gestion des provisions (PRC) après l’adoption des normes IAS/IFRS en France
Authors: Mansouri Nader
Published: June 2016

L’objectif de cet article est de déterminer les facteurs explicatifs de la gestion des provisions pour risque et charges (PRC) par les sociétés françaises cotées après l’introduction des normes IAS/IFRS en Europe en 2005. Les provisions pour risques et charges non courantes utilisées par les entreprises SBF 120 pour gérer les résultats ont été évaluées à 7.2 milliards d’€ en 2005, 3.1 milliards d’€ en 2006 et 8.9 milliards d’€ en 2007. Pour répondre à cet objectif, l’approche positive de la comptabilité a été mobilisée. Il fait appel à la théorie politico-contractuelle et aux mécanismes de gouvernance. La vérification des hypothèses par la modélisation des équations structurelles (PLS) sur les 91 entreprises de l’indice SBF 120 pendant la période (2005-2007) valide la taille de l’entreprise et le secteur d’activité comme des motivations de la gestion par les provisions ; confirme la concentration du capital et l’efficacité du conseil d’administration comme des contraintes ; et infirme les hypothèses de l’endettement, du lissage et de la qualité de l’audit externe.
Les pratiques de GRH des PME africaines sont-elles toujours informelles ? Une analyse contextualiste
Authors: Nkakleu Raphaël
Published: June 2016

Alors que les petites et moyennes entreprises (PME) constituent l’essentiel du tissu économique dans la plupart des pays et contribuent plus que les grandes entreprises à la création des emplois (Loubès et al. 2012), la littérature dominante tend à soutenir que la fonction RH y est émergente, peu structurée et révèle des pratiques informelles (Nizet et Pichault, 2000). Prenant appui sur la théorie de la contingence (Lawrence et Lorsch, 1967) et la perspective interculturelle du management des organisations africaines (Tidjani et Kamdem, 2010 ; Jackson, 2004), cette recherche apporte un éclairage sur les débats autour des pratiques de GRH dans les PME africaines. L’analyse des pratiques de GRH (PGRH) de trois PME camerounaises met en évidence (i) la formalisation de certaines pratiques, (ii) le réseau relationnel des propriétaires-dirigeants comme levier de recrutement et de délégation (iii) des PGRH hybrides qui résultent de l’association entre GRH socialement ancrée dans les cultures locales des acteurs et GRH occidentale et formalisée.
Penser la déseuropéanisation
Authors: Nivet Bastien
Published: June 2016

Perspectives d’un retrait britannique (Brexit), pressions sur la zone euro et sur l’espace Schengen, crise des réfugiés et migrants : autant de réalités qui renvoient l’image d’une Union européenne (UE) au bord de l’implosion. Alors que le risque d’une désagrégation de l’UE est désormais pris au sérieux, ce scénario demeure étonnamment impensé. Plusieurs dynamiques de « déseuropéanisation » sont à l’œuvre, dont la concomitance rend la lisibilité et la gestion difficile. Bien que différentes dans leur nature et leurs implications, ces évolutions ne sont que les conséquences d’une déseuropéanisation plus profonde : la perte des motivations, principes et valeurs qui avaient sous-tendu le projet européen depuis ses débuts.
Aux origines du républicanisme vietnamien
Authors: Goscha Christopher E. , Larcher Agathe
Published: June 2016

Cet article explique les origines du républicanisme vietnamien en étudiant un homme, Phan Chau Trinh, et l’imbrication de deux types de circulations, mondiale et coloniale. Les idées françaises ne sont pas arrivées au Vietnam par le seul biais de l’école coloniale. Phan Chau Trinh préférait exprimer ses idées en caractères chinois. Avant de se rendre à Paris en 1909, il avait d’abord visité la Chine et le Japon pour étudier les nouvelles idées venant d’Occident. La France et la connexion coloniale y étaient toutefois pour quelque chose. Aussi est-il important de prendre en compte les deux volets du transfert afin de comprendre comment et pourquoi le républicanisme a trouvé un terrain si fertile au Vietnam au début du 20 e  siècle.
Le docteur Julius Hallervorden et sa collection de cerveaux en République fédérale d’Allemagne
Authors: Dreyfus Jean-Marc
Published: June 2016

En 1922, le neurobiologiste allemand Julius Hallervorden donna, avec son collègue Hugo Spatz, son nom à une maladie neurodégénérative du cerveau. En 1996, une campagne demanda que son nom soit effacé en raison de son travail sous le nazisme. Hallervorden n’avait pas participé directement à l’opération T4 d’assassinat des malades mentaux, mais il avait récupéré deux mille cerveaux de victimes pour ses recherches. Cet article décrit comment ces faits sont venus fort tardivement à la connaissance du milieu médical international. En 1945, Hallervorden ne nia pas avoir reçu les cerveaux mais refusa toute responsabilité dans l’opération T4. Jusqu’à sa mort en 1965, il s’opposa méthodiquement à toute divulgation de son passé, réécrivant plusieurs fois son récit, appuyé par l’ensemble de ses collègues allemands.
Cinéma et dictature en Corée du Nord
Authors: Coppola Antoine
Published: June 2016

Au lieu de voir la Corée du Nord avec des filtres extérieurs, cet article étudie ce que le régime dit à ses sujets à travers ses films. Dès le départ, l’imbrication du cinéma et des apparats du régime dictatorial a semblé essentiel. Cinéma d’État, officiellement fidèle au réalisme-socialiste, il a aussi connu des tournants comme celui que représente le film Flower Girl de 1972. Ce blockbuster célèbre dans l’ancien bloc soviétique manifeste l’émergence de Kim Jong-il et du juché, l’idéologie nationale nord-coréenne fondée sur des résurgences de traditions en décomposition. Derrière une dépolitisation de façade, la forme hybride du film alliant héros et stars à la manière de Hollywood, et populisme soviétique, légitime le culte politico-religieux de la nouvelle dynastie héréditaire des Kim.
Dynamic Motion Analysis of Gesture Interaction
Authors: Naka Toshiya , Ishida Toru
Published: June 2016

In human communication, nonverbal information such as gestures and facial expressions often plays a greater role than language, and an increasing number of devices are designed to be intuitively controlled by gestures. However, there are some disadvantages of this intuitive interaction. One of the chief problems is that these devices have difficulty in distinguishing between unconscious and intentional gestures; they tend to respond erroneously to unconscious movements. In this chapter, authors propose a new gesture analysis method based on the dynamic model. They focused on the “exaggerated gestures” that are effectively used in, such as Japanese Kabuki, effectively used in Disney's animation, and tried to identify their common features and effects. They noted the “preparation” or “follow-through” motions just before and after the emphasized actions and each behavior can be quantified by the undershoot and overshoot value of changes in torque. These methods can provide important knowledge for analyzing features and distinguishing intentions when interacting with gestures.
Sixth Sense Technology
Authors: AlKassim Zeenat S. , Mohamed Nader
Published: June 2016

In this chapter, the authors discuss a unique technology known as the Sixth Sense Technology, highlighting the future opportunities of such technology in integrating the digital world with the real world. Challenges in implementing such technologies are also discussed along with a review of the different possible implementation approaches. This review is performed by exploring the different inventions in areas similar to the Sixth Sense Technology, namely augmented reality (AR), computer vision, image processing, gesture recognition, and artificial intelligence and then categorizing and comparing between them. Lastly, recommendations are discussed for improving such a unique technology that has the potential to create a new trend in human-computer interaction (HCI) in the coming years.
Using a Design Science Research Approach to Develop a HCI Artifact for Designing Web Interfaces
Authors: Islam Muhammad Nazrul , Tétard Franck
Published: June 2016

Interface signs are the communication cues of web interfaces, through which users interact. Examples of interface signs are small images, navigational links, buttons and thumbnails. Although intuitive interface signs are crucial elements of a good user interface (UI), prior research ignored these in UI design and usability evaluation process. This chapter outlines how a design science research (DSR) approach is used to develop a Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) artifact (semiotic framework) for design and evaluation of user-intuitive web interface signs. This chapter describes how the principles and guidelines of DSR approach are adopted, while performing the activities of the DSR process model to construct the artifact.
Implications of Similarities in Instructional Design, Learner Interface Design and User Interface Design in Designing a User-Friendly Online Module
Authors: Obilade Titilola T.
Published: June 2016

The development of a user-friendly online module depends on the inputs, the processes and the outcomes from the user interface design, the learner interface design and the instructional design. The online module includes the user interface design, the learner interface and the instructional design. This chapter would examine the theories behind these three designs. What guidelines can be garnered from the theories of these three designs? How can these guidelines be used to develop a user-friendly online module? In addition, it would examine their similarities and how they can be used to develop a user-friendly online module. Further, the chapter recommended an alignment of the garnered guidelines from the three designs to explore the plausible reasons for the high attrition rate in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC).
Proposed Threshold Algorithm for Accurate Segmentation for Skin Lesion
Authors: Satheesha T. Y. , Sathyanarayana D. , Prasad M. N. Giri
Published: June 2016

Automated diagnosis of skin cancer can be easily achieved only by effective segmentation of skin lesion. But this is a highly challenging task due to the presence of intensity variations in the images of skin lesions. The authors here, have presented a histogram analysis based fuzzy C mean threshold technique to overcome the drawbacks. This not only reduces the computational complexity but also unifies advantages of soft and hard threshold algorithms. Calculation of threshold values even the presence of abrupt intensity variations is simplified. Segmentation of skin lesions is easily achieved, in a more efficient way in the following algorithm. The experimental verification here is done on a large set of skin lesion images containing every possible artifacts which highly contributes to reversed segmentation outputs. This algorithm efficiency was measured based on a comparison with other prominent threshold methods. This approach has performed reasonably well and can be implemented in the expert skin cancer diagnostic systems.
Nanotechnology for Omics-Based Ocular Drug Delivery
Authors: Hirani Anjali , Grover Aditya , Lee Yong Woo , Pathak Yashwant , Sutariya Vijaykumar
Published: June 2016

Millions of people suffer from ocular diseases that impair vision and can lead to blindness. Advances in genomics and proteomics have revealed a number of different molecular markers specific for different ocular diseases, thereby optimizing the processes of drug development and discovery. Nanotechnology can increase the throughput of data obtained in omics-based studies and allows for more sensitive diagnostic techniques as more efficient drug delivery systems. Biocompatible and biodegradable nanomaterials developed through omics-based research are able to target reported molecular markers for different ocular diseases and offer novel alternatives to conventional drug therapy. In this chapter, the authors review the pathophysiology, current genomic and proteomic information, and current nanomaterial-based therapies of four ocular diseases: glaucoma, uveal melanoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. Omics-based research can be used to elucidate specific genes and proteins and develop novel nanomedicine formulations to prevent, halt, or cure ocular diseases at the transcriptional or translational level.
QSAR of Antioxidants
Authors: Deeb Omar , Goodarzi Mohammad
Published: June 2016

Antioxidants are substances that protect cells from the damaging effects of oxygen radicals, which are chemicals that play a part in some diseases such as cancer and others. Antioxidants are expected to be promising drugs in the management of these diseases by removing oxidative stress. Most of the modeling approaches involved in designing new antioxidants is based on Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR). A number of QSAR studies have been conducted to elucidate the structural requirements of antioxidants for their activities in order to predict the potency of these compounds with regard to the targeted activity and to direct the synthesis of more potent analogues. The main focus of this chapter is on the QSAR modeling of antioxidant compounds. The authors provide different QSAR studies of antioxidant compounds and try to compare between them in terms of the best models obtained and their use in designing potential new drugs.
Computational Approaches for the Discovery of Novel Hepatitis C Virus NS3/4A and NS5B Inhibitors
Authors: Thai Khac-Minh , Dong Quoc-Hiep , Nguyen Thi-Thanh-Lan , Le Duy-Phong , Le Minh-Tri , Tran Thanh-Dao
Published: June 2016

Nonstructural 5B (NS5B) polymerase and Nonstructural 3/4A (NS3/4A) protease have proven to be promising targets for the development of anti-HCV (Hepatitis C Virus) agents. The NS5B polymerase is of paramount importance in HCV viral replication; therefore, employing NS5B inhibitors was considered an effective way for the treatment of HCV. Identifying inhibitors against NS3/4A serine protease represents another attractive approach applied in anti-HCV drug discovery, which is evidenced by its crucial role of in the biogenesis of the viral replication activity. In this chapter, many different computational approaches including Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) and virtual screening in anti-HCV drug discovery were considered and discussed in detail. Virtual Screening (VS) techniques, including ligand-based and structure-based, and QSAR have been utilized for the discovery of NS5B inhibitors. Moreover, using various in silico protocols and workflows, a number of studies have been conducted with an aim of identifying potential NS3/4A blockage agents.
Organization and Structure of the Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Wall Michael H.
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this chapter is to emphasize and describe the team nature of critical care medicine in the Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit. The chapter will review the importance of various team members and discuss various staffing models (open vs closed, high intensity vs low intensity, etc.) on patient outcomes and cost. The chapter will also examine the roles of nurse practitioners and physician assistants (NP/PAs) in critical care, and will briefly review the growing role of the tele-ICU. Most studies support the concept that a multi-disciplinary ICU team, led by an intensivist, improves patient outcomes and decreases overall cost of care. The role of the tele-ICU and 24 hour in-house intensivist staffing in improving outcomes is controversial, and more research is needed in this area. Finally, a brief discussion of billing for critical care will be discussed.
Insetos associados às flores de diferentes espécies de maracujá (Passiflora spp.)
Authors: Malerbo-Souza Darclet Terezinha , Nogueira-Couto Regina Helena , Arnaut de Toledo Vagner De Alencar
Published: June 2016

O presente experimento foi conduzido com a finalidade de identificar os insetos visitantes nas flores de três espécies de maracujá, Passiflora (Passifloraceae), sua freqüência, tipo e tempo de coleta (néctar e/ou pólen), comportamento nas flores e o efeito desta visitação na produção de frutos. Foram estudadas as espécies maracujá-amarelo (Passiflora edulis Sims flavicarpa flavicarpa Deg.), maracujá-de-veado (P. giberti N. E. Brown) e maracujá-suspiro (P. nítida HBK), observando-se também as flores quanto ao tamanho, coloração e duração. Verificou-se que os principais insetos visitantes foram, respectivamente, Xylocopa suspecta, Trigona spinipes e X. griscenses, para as três espécies de maracujá estudadas. Estas abelhas coletaram néctar preferencialmente, apenas Trigona foi observada coletando ocasionalmente pólen. Verificou-se que as Xylocopas coletaram em espécies com flores maiores (maracujá-amarelo e maracujá-suspiro) e as Apis e Trigona nas flores menores (maracujá-de-veado). Não houve produção de frutos em flores não visitadas e a porcentagem de flores visitadas por insetos que se transformaram em frutos foi, em média, 53,85%
Época de semeadura em cinco cultivares de soja. II. Efeito na qualidade fisiológica das sementes
Authors: Motta Ivo De Sá , Braccini Alessandro De Lucca e , Scapim Carlos Alberto , Inoue Miriam Hiroko , Avila Marizangela Rizzatti , Lana Braccini Maria Do Carmo
Published: June 2016

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da época de semeadura na qualidade fisiológica das sementes de cinco cultivares de soja, Glycine Max (L.) Merril (Leguminosae-Faboideae), bem como estabelecer o intervalo de semeadura mais favorável à produção de sementes de alta qualidade na região de Maringá, Estado do Paraná. Foram conduzidos cinco ensaios de competição de cultivares no ano agrícola de 1999/00, utilizando-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados. Instalou-se um ensaio em cada época de semeadura (15/10, 30/10, 15/11, 30/11 e 15/12). Os cultivares avaliados foram: BRS 132, BRS 133, BR 16, BRS 134 e FT-Estrela. As sementes produzidas foram avaliadas pelo teste de germinação (primeira contagem e contagem final), classificação do vigor de plântulas e envelhecimento acelerado. Constatou-se que a semeadura realizada entre 3 a 20 de novembro, dependendo do cultivar, foi mais favorável a obtenção de sementes de melhor qualidade fisiológica. O cultivar BRS 133 apresentou maior estabilidade na produção de sementes com melhor qualidade nas diferentes épocas de semeadura avaliadas. De modo geral, em relação aos demais cultivares, o BR 16 apresentou desempenho inferior e o BRS 133 superior
Variabilidade espacial de atributos físicos em um LATOSSOLO VERMELHO Distrófico sob preparo convencional em Selvíria, Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: E Carvalho Morel De Passos , Soratto Rogerio Peres , Freddi Onã Da Silva
Published: June 2016

O trabalho foi conduzido na Fazenda de Ensino e Pesquisa da Faculdade de Engenharia/Unesp-Campus de Ilha Solteira, no município de Selvíria, Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, (20º 22’ S; 51º 22’ W). Seu objetivo foi estudar a variabilidade espacial de alguns atributos físicos de um LATOSSOLO VERMELHO Distrófico, estabelecido sob preparo convencional e cultivado com o feijoeiro comum durante o ano agrícola de 1999/2000, visando-se fornecer subsídios para o planejamento da sua área agrícola experimental. Os atributos estudados foram macroporosidade (MA), microporosidade (MI), porosidade total (PT), densidade do solo (DS), resistência à penetração (RP) e umidade do solo (UG). A coleta dos dados foi efetuada com os pontos amostrais dispostos segundo uma malha com 103 pontos nas profundidades de zero a 0,05 m (superfície) e 0,15 a 0,20 m (sub-superfície). Foi efetuada uma análise estatística descritiva inicial dos dados, caracterizando-se a média, variância, coeficientes de variação, assimetria e curtose e a distribuição de freqüência. Verificou-se a estrutura da dependência espacial dos dados através do semivariograma.Os resultados revelaram que a variabilidade pesquisada foi: a) muito alta para a RP em ambas as profundidades, e para a MA na sub-superfície; b) alta apenas para a MA na superfície; c) média para a UG em ambas profundidades, e d) baixa para a MI, PT e DS em ambas profundidades. Todos os atributos do solo apresentaram dependência espacial, com exceção da MI na superfície. Desta forma, na camada superficial a PT, DS, RP, MA e UG tiveram respectivamente os alcances de 8,6; 13,1; 15,2; 15,8 e 18,4 m. Já na sub-superfície a DS, UG, RP, MI, MA e PT tiveram respectivamente os alcances de 1,0; 9,1; 14,4; 18,4; 19,2 e 23,7 m