bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Single Versus Multiple Behavioral Economics Intervention Components on Children's Food Intake from The National School Lunch Program
Authors: Golub Haleigh , Gunther Carolyn , Hanks Andrew , Holloman Christopher , Kennel Julie
Published: June 2021

Student waste of National School Lunch Program (NSLP) meals may contribute to childhood obesity as students may compensate with energy‐dense, low‐nutrient foods. We previously demonstrated a multiple component Behavioral Economics (BE) intervention increased consumption of NSLP entrée and vegetables among elementary‐aged children. However, the contribution of each component to this increase cannot be independently determined. Such knowledge may provide the minimum intervention to increase NSLP consumption. The aim of this study was to evaluate the independent versus additive effects of 2 common BE intervention components at increasing intake of NSLP meals: descriptive labels for all foods, and the addition of a second fruit choice. A multiple intervention trial was implemented in autumn 2014 at 2 elementary schools (K–6) with standardized menus. In each school, plate waste (PW) was collected on 40 randomly selected trays 3 days/week for 3 weeks during: 1) baseline; 2) single component intervention; and 3) two component intervention. PW was measured on a 5‐point scale from 0 (all eaten) to 4 (all wasted) using the validated Quarter‐Waste method. Data were analyzed using a cumulative logit regression model. A process evaluation checklist assessed intervention fidelity. At baseline, PW of NSLP elements ranged between 52‐80%. Statistical analysis yielded no evidence that single component interventions changed PW. Two component intervention data will be collected in winter 2014. Findings from this study may inform waste‐minimization practices to increase intake of reimbursable meals.
Young Children's Physical Activities (PA) in the US Affiliated Pacific (USAP): The Children's Healthy Living (CHL) Program
Authors: Ettienne Reynolette , Boushey Carol , Yonemori Kim , Nigg Claudio , Leon Guerrero Rachael , Bersamin Andrea , Castro Rose , Martin Ursula , Novotny Rachel
Published: June 2021

Little is known about the activities of children in the USAP. Our objectives were to examine the top 10 activities most frequently reported by the CHL jurisdictions (Hawaii (HI), Alaska (AK), American Samoa (AS), Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI)) and compare jurisdictional differences. Children (2‐8 y) were recruited from selected communities within the jurisdictions. Parents/caregivers completed PA logs for their children to include a description of each activity for two 24‐hour periods. This report represents 1,746 children. Upon removing the “default for additional minutes”, eating was most frequently reported, followed by sleeping, watching TV and riding in a car. The average time spent in PA was 39 minutes. Jurisdictional differences in the PA reported frequently occurred. In CNMI, light running/jogging was one of the top PA reported. For Alaska, child dressing and undressing and getting ready for bed were within the top 10, while AS included child taking notes/class discussion. In this sample, sedentary and light PA behaviors were predominant. Moderate and vigorous PA were reported less frequently. There exists opportunities to promote active lifestyles across the USAP.
Supported by: USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Coordinated Agricultural Program Grant no 2011‐68001‐30335
Differences in Utilized Mealtime Strategies Between Home‐and Center‐Based Daycare Providers and Parents
Authors: Luchini Virginia , Lee Soo‐Yeun , Donovan Sharon
Published: June 2021

It is estimated that one‐third of children under age 5 are enrolled in non‐relative childcare arrangements (daycare), where they are typically served a minimum of one meal per day. Although millions of children attend daycare, little is known about the mealtime strategies used by teachers at daycare and whether those differ from strategies used by parents at home. Herein, differences in utilized mealtime strategies between parents and daycare providers were investigated. Families of 3‐5 years‐old children enrolled in home‐based (HBDC; n=25) or center‐based (CBDC; n=26) daycare and the care providers were recruited to participate in the study. Parents completed the Parent Mealtime Survey and daycare providers completed the Teacher Mealtime Survey, which contained the same 14 mealtime strategies. Parents and providers were asked to rate how often each strategy was utilized on a 1‐5 scale from always to never. Responses were dichotomized into Yes (1‐3)/No (4‐5) response categories. Chi‐square analysis revealed that 6 mealtime strategies differed (p<0.05) between parents and daycare providers, 2 differed (p<0.05) between HBDC providers and HBDC parents, and 8 differed (p<0.05) between CBDC providers and CBDC parents. Thus, children are exposed to different mealtime strategies in daycare and home environments, although HBDC providers and HBDC parents use more similar strategies than CBDC providers and CBDC parents. Preschool is an important time for establishing life‐long eating behaviors. Inconsistent messages around mealtimes between daycare and home may detrimentally impact food acceptance and mealtime behaviors. Funded by the Christopher Family Foundation Food and Family Program.
Motivating Hispanic and Asian Parents to Engage in Practices Promoting Intake of Calcium‐rich Foods and Beverages by Early Adolescents
Authors: Reicks Marla , Banna Jinan , Gunther Carolyn , Richards Rickelle , Hongu Nobuko , Misner Scottie , Cluskey Mary , Wong SiewSun , Bruhn Christine
Published: June 2021

Role modeling, making calcium‐rich foods (CRF) available at home, and setting healthful beverage expectations are parenting practices associated with calcium intake among early adolescents. The purpose was to test messages designed to motivate Hispanic and Asian parents of adolescents (10‐13 years) to engage in these practices for comprehension, persuasion, relevance and acceptability via an online survey. Parent‐reported calcium intake and frequency of parenting practices were also assessed and compared to reactions to messages. Emotion‐based messages were developed and pretested with 35 parents from 5 states. Findings were used to revise messages and develop a survey which was administered via Amazon MechanicalTurk to a convenience sample of Hispanic (n=184) and Asian (n=166) US parents. The majority of parents had some college (82%), were married (72%) and had lived in the US >10 years. The majority (>74%) indicated they understood the messages with no differences by demographic characteristics. The messages were motivational, relevant and acceptable (67‐81%). Reported frequency of parenting practices was consistent with parent calcium intake, home availability and healthy beverage expectations. No differences were observed by race/ethnicity for reactions to messages or frequency of parenting practices. Results indicate the messages are appropriate for Hispanic and Asian parents of early adolescents to encourage CRF and beverage parenting practices.
Relationship between Parental Beverage Knowledge, Intake and Home Availability and Early Adolescent Beverage Intake
Authors: Zahid Arwa , Reicks Marla
Published: June 2021

Nutrition‐ and health‐related knowledge has been associated with sugar‐sweetened beverage intake among adults. The purpose of this study was to determine whether parent beverage knowledge, role modeling and home availability were related to beverage intake of early adolescents (9‐12 years). Items were constructed to test knowledge of beverage calorie and sugar content, intake recommendations, and label reading and tested with undergraduate nutrition students to adjust level of difficulty. A survey was administered to 194 parents at the Minnesota State Fair to assess usual beverage intake, home beverage availability and beverage knowledge. Early adolescents completed a survey to assess usual beverage intake. The majority of parents were white (92%), had some college/蠅 4 year degree (94%), women (81%) and employed full/part time (82%); mean age and BMI were 42.7 years and 26.2, respectively. Mean child (SD) age was 10.6 (1.1), 49% were boys. Mean parent beverage knowledge score was 6.1/9.0. Mean child and parent sweetened beverage intakes (soft drink plus fruit drink) were 3.8 and 4.8 oz/day, respectively. Parent and child sweetened beverage intakes were negatively correlated with parent‐reported home availability of soft drinks (r=‐.318, p<0.0001) and fruit drinks (r=‐0.395, p <0.0001). Child sweetened beverage intake was positively correlated with parent sweetened beverage intake (r=0.178, p=0.013). Parent beverage knowledge was not related to parent or child sweetened beverage intakes or home availability of soft drinks/fruit drinks. Results indicate that in a well‐educated sample, home availability and role modeling may influence child sweetened beverage intake, while parent beverage knowledge may not be a strategic target for educational intervention.
Effects of Acai berry supplementation on exercise adaptation of mice
Authors: Minagawa Hidehiro , Matsunaga Yutaka , Takei Naoya , Hatta Hideo
Published: June 2021

Background

Dietary antioxidant supplementation is now a matter of debate in sports science. Traditionally, vitamin supplementation has been widely used by athletes, for the purpose of recovering from fatigue or enhancing performance. However, recent research shows conflicting data about the effectiveness of antioxidant supplementation, and some research even indicates antioxidant supplementation inhibits adaptation response to endurance training. The antioxidant used in these studies, however, is only limited to antioxidant vitamins or single type of antioxidant. Since a body of data indicate antioxidants work synergistically, we used whole food Acai berry as antioxidant supplementation.【Method】We divided 32 male ICR mice (7wk old) into four groups, Acai‐fed group (Ac), trained group (Tr), Acai‐fed and trained group (AcTr), and control group (Cn, n = 8 for each group). Ac group and AcTr group were fed normal chow (MF, Oriental Kobo) mixed with freeze‐dried Acai powder (10% in weight, Amazonia) for 6 weeks. Tr group and AcTr group were trained on a treadmill for 60 min/day, 5 days/wk (20 m/min). After 6 weeks of the intervention, mice were sacrificed and citrate synthase activities of the skeletal muscle were measured.【Result and Discussion】There are no differences in exercise performance between Tr and AcTr groups. The citrate synthase activities are higher among trained group (compared with non‐trained groups, p < 0.01), but not in Acai‐fed group (compared with normal chow groups). Therefore, our current data don't support the idea that whole food antioxidant‐rich Acai berry supplementation is beneficial for athletes.
Effect of dietary intake on subjective condition of and oxidative stress in endurance‐trained athletes
Authors: Okumura Yuka , Maeshima Etsuko , Tomokane Sayaka
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary intake on the subjective condition of and oxidative stress in endurance‐trained athletes. Twenty‐four endurance‐trained male runners were recruited. Their average age was 19.8±1.4 years old. Their average running distance was 368.8±160.7km/month. Their dietary intake was assessed by using the food frequency questionnaire based on food groups (FFQg). A visual analog scale was completed for the evaluation of fatigue, tiredness, physical condition, slump level, and endurance in training. The amount of urinary 8‐hydroxy deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG) excretion was evaluated as a marker of oxidative stress with respect to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. We examined the relationship among dietary intake, subjective condition and 8‐OHdG. No one ingested either the estimated energy requirements or the recommended dietary allowance of all nutrients. No relationship between dietary intake and subjective condition was found. Fruit, and fruit and vegetable (FV) negatively correlated with 8‐OHdG (Fruit: R2=‐.420, p=.037, FV: R2=‐.453, p=.026). Beta‐carotene had a tendency to negatively correlate with 8‐OHdG (R2=‐.400, p=.053). We concluded that dietary intake did not affect the subjective condition. However, the antioxidant effect of carotenoid in fruit may have contributed to the decrease in 8‐OHdG.
Behaviors Associated with Muscularity Dissatisfaction of Male High School Students in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region
Authors: Chongwatpol Pitipa , Gates Gail
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to assess muscularity dissatisfaction, weight management practices, food choice behaviors, and physical activity of male high school students in Thailand. 1056 male students from 7 schools in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region participated in the study. A questionnaire was used to obtain participants' height, weight, body image perception, food choice behaviors, physical activity, and weight management practices. A male‐specific body image scale by Winitch was used to assess for muscularity dissatisfaction (when a discrepancy exists between current and ideal figure). The dissatisfaction was classified into no dissatisfaction (ND: n=107), wanted to increase muscularity (IM: n=869), and wanted to decrease muscularity (DM: n=80). Current BMI of the IM group (21.0 kg/m2) was significantly lower than ND and DM groups (22.5 and 23.4 kg/m2). Physical activity and food choice behaviors were not significantly different between the 3 groups. However, the IM group reported using fewer weight management practices (6.8 practices) compared to the ND and DM groups (8.3 and 9.1 practices). More than 60% of the participants in the DM group reported eating less food and fat, changing eating habits, and increasing exercise to lose weight and/or body fat. While approximately 55% of participants in the IM groups exercised and ate more protein to increase muscle. In conclusion, more than 80% of male students wanted to increase their muscularity. Adolescents with different types of muscularity dissatisfaction had similar physical activity and food choice behaviors; however, they used different weight management practices to achieve their desired body figure.
Examining the Relationships Between Dietary Intake, Iron Status, and Physical Performance in Female Collegiate Rowers
Authors: DellaValle Diane , Rousseau Danielle , Wadsten Stephanie , Haas Jere
Published: June 2021

Iron deficiency (ID) is prevalent among female athletes and poor dietary intake is one of several contributing factors. The goal of this cross‐sectional analysis was to examine the relationships between female rowers' diet, iron (Fe) status, and performance. Fe status (Hgb, sFer) of 54 rowers was assessed; rowers were classified as normal (n=27) or ID (n=27, sFer <20 μg/L, or Hgb<12.0 g/dL). Diet was assessed using 7d food records, and self‐reported 2K Personal Record (PR) ergometer times (in seconds [s]) was the measure of performance. There were no differences between the two groups of Fe status in any of the potential confounders of the association between Fe status, diet and performance examined. Overall, mean daily energy intake (1817.9±532.0 kcal/d), protein (PRO) intake (71.4±20.7 g/d), and dietary Fe intake (mean 17.3±10.9 mg/d) did not differ between Fe status groups. Fe status modified the relationship between PRO intake and 2K‐PR ergometer time such that ID rowers consuming <70g PRO/d reported significantly slower 2K‐PRs compared to ID rowers who consumed >70 g PRO/d (493.9±28.5 vs 474.1±18.5 s). There was no impact of PRO intake on 2K‐PR time reported by rowers with normal Fe status (p=0.09 for the interaction). In addition to screening the Fe status of female athletes, evaluation of PRO intake is warranted due to its interaction with Fe status and effects on performance. Funded by the American Dietetic Association Foundation, the Division of Nutritional Sciences and the N.S. Meinig Professorship, Cornell University.
Caffeine and Creatine's Combined Effects on Plasma Lactose and Glucose Levels: A Systematic‐Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Shams‐White Marissa , Wang Ding Ding , Chung Mei
Published: June 2021

Objectives:

To conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluating the effects of caffeine and creatine together on blood glucose and lactate levels in healthy adults.

Methods:

The Medline database was searched through June 2013 for intervention trials and prospective cohort studies in English‐language that utilized both caffeine and creatine supplements in adults. Random effect models meta‐analysis was used when same outcomes were reported in at least two studies.

Results:

Eleven studies were eligible for the systematic review using the caffeine and creatine combination. The intervention duration ranged from 1‐15 days. Overall, the studies showed improvements in high‐intensity muscle endurance and power and anaerobic sprint performance, but had mixed findings with aerobic training among cyclists. Two all‐male studies were eligible for our meta‐analysis. Lee et al and Ratamess et al administered 0.3g/kg creatine for 5 days and 5 g creatine for 1 day, respectively; both studies administered 110 mg caffeine to subjects on the day of testing.A significant increase was found in plasma lactate (net change 1.37 mmol/L, 95% CI ‐0.04, 2.77, p=0.057) and glucose (net change 0.62 95% CI 0.40, 0.83, p<0.001).

Conclusions

The combination of caffeine and creatine may improve anaerobic and weight‐lifting performance. Future studies are needed to investigate the possible mechanisms for these supplements' effects on plasma lactate and glucose levels.
Health Benefits of a Pulse‐Based Diet for Soccer Players During Regular Season Play
Authors: Hanifi Abdulah , Mizelman Eliran , Michel Deborah , Kaviani Mojtaba , Chilibeck Phil , Zello Gordon
Published: June 2021

Pulses are considered a low glycemic index food and may be beneficial for athletic performance. We have shown that acute consumption of lentils is beneficial for improving laboratory‐based endurance performance during simulated soccer games (Little et al., 2009; 2010; Bennett et al. 2012) and a pulse diet (2 months) is beneficial for lowering cholesterol levels (Abeysekara et al. 2012).

PURPOSE:

We hypothesize that chronic consumption of pulses by soccer players will improve measures of health throughout the soccer season.

METHODS:

Soccer players were randomized to receive a calorie adjusted, pulse‐based diet (250g of cooked pulses) for one month or consume their regular diet. Participants then crossed over to the opposite diet. Pre and post each month‐long diet phase, blood samples were collected to determine fasting glucose, insulin and lipid levels.

RESULTS:

Consuming pulses did not significantly affect blood insulin, total cholesterol, HDL or LDL and VLDL levels (n=9). Total cholesterol (TC) expressed as a ratio to HDL resulted in athletes consuming the pulse based diet after 4 weeks (2.04 ±2.49) having a lower TC:HDL ratio compared to when they consumedtheir regular diets (3.43±2.29) (p=0.03). Cholesterol ratios also decreased over time after consuming the pulse diet (Baseline: 2.74±2.49, Post diet intervention: 2.04±1.00).

CONCLUSION

Consuming a diet composed of pulses provides the beneficial effect of reducing cholesterol ratios in healthy adult athletes. The reduction in cholesterol ratios over time in healthy individuals may indicate a beneficial role of consuming pulses to reduce cardiovascular disease risk.
Prevalence of Performance‐Enhancing Protein Supplements and Anabolic‐Androgenic Steroid use among Young Kuwaiti Males attending Gym
Authors: Zafar Tasleem
Published: June 2021

The prevalence of supplements use to enhance muscle mass, strength and physical appearance is increasing worldwide with limited knowledge of their long term health consequences among the users. No data is available on the use of these supplements in Kuwait. This study was conducted to explore the use and abuse of performance‐enhancing supplements among Kuwaiti males attending two popular gyms. One hundred and seventy Kuwaiti males, aged 18 – 50 years, attending these gyms completed a questionnaire consisting of 19 questions that investigated personal information, reason/s for gym attendance, the use of various types of supplements such as performance‐enhancing protein supplements (PS) and anabolic‐androgenic steroids (AAS) and the source of inspiration for supplements use. Data were analyzed using SPSS, using Chi square test to compare the significance level of categorical data at p < 0.05. Results showed that 57.7% of the gym attendees used either PS, AAS or both. This use was 45.9% higher among 18‐25 years old. Among the supplement users, 75.8% were on PS while 13.9% were on various AAS and 12.3% were on both AAS and PS. Among the AAS users, 80% practiced stacking which is using more than one supplement at once to reach a desired effect. Weight lifting was significantly related (p<0.000), while education level or marital status were non‐significantly related (p>0.05) with the use of PS or AAS. Friends were the main source of inspiration, yet the source of the supplements acquisition included 50% from shops and friends, and 50% from trainers at the gyms. The muscle building supplements are effective on increasing muscle mass and strength but because of their potential harmful effects on health they need state regulation.
Validity and Reliability of an Algorithm to Help Select Safe Dietary Supplements
Authors: Manganello Christopher , Attipoe Selasi , Deuster Patricia
Published: June 2021

Background

The use of dietary supplements (DS) is widespread in today's military. Service members use these products to enhance their performance and ability to conduct mission‐specific tasks; however, some of these products may be harmful.

Objective

To assess the reliability of the Operation Supplement Safety DS algorithm, a tool used to educate service members on safe selection of DS

Methods:

4th year medical students completed the algorithm as part of an educational session on dietary supplements. Students scored 12 DS by using the algorithm, which consists of seven yes (1) or no (0) questions. Scores for the 12 DS were assessed for validity and reliability.

Results:

Forty responses for the 12 DS were examined. Six supplements were expected to receive a score of 蠅4, suggesting they were possibly safe. Following are the average scores (±SD) of the DS in relation to the intended score, without name of products: Melatonin (4.9±0.8 vs. 5.0), Fish oil (5.9±1.3 vs. 7.0), Multivitamin/mineral for men (4.0±0.9 vs. 5.0), Iron (4.2±1.4 vs. 5.0), Multivitamin/Mineral (3.8±1.1 vs. 5.0), Weight Loss (1.1±1.1 vs. 0.0), Sexual Enhancement (1.3±0.7 vs. 1.0), Protein Powder (1.6±1.4 vs. 1.0), Performance Enhancing A (1.5±1.0 vs. 2.0), Performance Enhancing B (2.0±1.0 vs. 3.0), Performance Enhancing C (0.6±0.5 vs. 0.0), and Performance Enhancing D (1.8±SD 1.0 vs. 3.0).

Conclusions

The students' scores had little variability and were generally comparable to expected outcomes. Although the results suggest this tool may be valid and reliable for items being tested, additional assessments are needed to validate this tool.

This study was supported by Center Alliance for Dietary Supplement Research (NB91FD).
Zeolite supplementation has beneficial effects on gut wall integrity in endurance trained subjects
Authors: Lamprecht Manfred , Bogner Simon , Wallner‐Liebmann Sandra , Steinbauer Kurt , Schuetz Burkhard , Schippinger Gert
Published: June 2021

Zeolites are crystalline compounds with microporous structures of Si‐tetrahedrons. In the gut, these sicilicates could act as adsorbents, ion‐exchangers, catalysts, detergents or anti‐diarrheic agents. This study evaluated whether Zeolit supplementation could influence biomarkers of gut wall integrity in endurance trained individuals.

In a randomized, double‐blinded, placebo controlled trial, 56 endurance trained men and women, similar in body fat, non‐smokers, 20–50 years, received 2g of Zeolith per day for 12 wk. Stool and blood samples for determination of tight junction modulators Zonulin and toll‐like‐receptor 2 (TLR2), as well as antiinflammatory IL‐10 were drawn at the beginning and the end of the study. Nutrition and physical exercise training were standardized before sample collections. For statistical analyses a 2‐factor ANOVA was used.

At baseline both groups showed stool zonulin and plasma IL‐10 concentrations above normal. After 12 wk Zeolite supplementation Zonulin was significantly (p<0.05) decreased in the supplemented group. TLR2 in monocytes was significantly increased, and IL‐10 was increased with a trend (p<0.1) in the Zeolite group.

Zeolite supplementation exerted beneficial effects on gut wall integrity via modulation of tight junctions. This was accompanied by antiinflammatory effects in this cohort of endurance trained subjects. Further research is needed to explore mechanistic explanations for the observations in this study.
Identifying Dietary Patterns Associated with Dairy Consumption in British Children
Authors: Hobbs Ditte , Givens Ian , Lovegrove Julie
Published: June 2021

Milk and dairy products are important components of the diet. However, consumption in children remains relatively low. The aim of this study was to identify dietary patterns associated with variations in dairy consumption in British children.
Data were derived from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey collected in 2008/09‐2011/12 and included a total of 1687 children (828 girls and 859 boys) aged between 4 and 18 years old. Diet was assessed by a four‐day estimated food diary. Fifty food groups were created and were expressed as g/d. Dietary data was organised in quartiles of dairy intake (included milk, yogurt, ice cream, cheese, other milk and cream, and dairy desserts) and dietary patterns were identified using Kruskal‐Wallis with Dunn's multiple comparisons test, to determine significant differences between dairy quartiles and food groups.
The lowest dairy quartile (Q1: 0‐93 g dairy/d) was associated with significantly higher intake of soft drinks (P=0.001), chips (P=0.001), coated chicken (P<0.05), chicken and turkey (P=0.05), and significantly lower intake of wholemeal bread (P=0.01), white fish (P=0.05), tea, coffee and water (P=0.05), biscuits (P=0.001), fruit (P=0.001), fibre (P=0.001) puddings (P=0.01) and sugar and preserves (P=0.05) compared with the highest dairy quartile (Q4: 306‐2022 g dairy/d).
Overall, British children consuming a diet high in dairy foods had a dietary pattern that would be considered ‘healthy' compared with those consuming a diet low in dairy foods.
This work was funded by DairyCo and The Dairy Council UK.
Association between fructose, uric acid and blood pressure
Authors: Kuhnle Gunter , Tasevska Natasa , Khaw Kay‐Tee
Published: June 2021

Sugars, and in particular fructose, consumption has been associated with increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), mediated by increased serum uric acid concentration, which interferes with the renin‐angiotensin mechanism and inhibits nitric oxide release from endothelial cells. Uric acid can also increase sodium sensitivity.

Investigating associations between dietary sugars and health endpoints is difficult because of measurement error in self‐reported intake. Dietary biomarkers may help us elucidate true associations.

We have assessed total sugars and total fructose intake (including fructose from sucrose) in a cross‐sectional analysis of 1366 participants (624 men, 742 women), 39 – 77 years of age, of the Norfolk cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC) study using 7‐day diaries and sucrose and fructose measured in spot urines, as biomarkers of sugars intake. Other study measurements include serum uric acid and BP. Associations were investigated using linear regression analyses with log‐transformed variables, stratified by sex and adjusted for age and BMI. Urinary concentrations were adjusted by specific gravity.

Total sugars consumption (mean ± SD) was 111.7 ± 40.3 g/d, of which 44.3 ± 17.9 g/d was total fructose. Serum uric acid was 344 ± 66 µM. Serum uric acid concentration was not associated with systolic BP in men and women. Intake of total sugars and total fructose assessed by 7‐d diary or biomarker was not significantly associated with serum uric acid or with BP.

Our results do not support an association between fructose intake and increased BP.

Adjusted (age, BMI) systolic BP mm Hg (mean, 95% CI) by quintile of total fructose intake in 624 men and 742 women of EPIC Norfolk. Intake was measured by biomarker (urinary fructose) and 7DD (adjusted for total energy intake).

Men (n=624)
Women (n=742)

Intake
Biomarker
7DD
Biomarker
7DD

Q1
137.4 (136.3; 138.6)
136.9 (135.9; 138.0)
132.2 (131.0; 133.5)
131.2 (129.9; 132.6)

Q2
136.7 (135.6; 137.8)
137.1 (135.8; 138.3)
132.7 (131.4; 134.0)
131.8 (130.5; 133.1)

Q3
136.9 (135.7; 138.0)
137.1 (135.9; 138.3)
132.5 (131.3; 133.8)
133.5 (132.2; 134.8)

Q4
137.4 (136.2; 138.5)
136.8 (135.6; 138.1)
132.3 (131.0; 133.6)
132.2 (130.8; 133.5)

Q5
137.0 (135.8; 138.2)
137.5 (131.7; 132.9)
131.8 (130.3; 133.2)
132.9 (131.7; 134.0)
Seasonal and Diurnal Variations in Cardiometabolic Traits in the GOLDN Study
Authors: Dashti Hassan , Aslibekyan Stella , Smith Caren , Arnett Donna , Ordovas Jose
Published: June 2021

Seasonal and diurnal variations in cardiometabolic traits are driven by changes in photoperiod and outdoor temperature and also the circadian clock. Because participant recruitment in the multi‐sited family‐based Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) cohort was evenly distributed over a 3‐year period and ranged between 7:00 AM and 11:00 AM, we had the opportunity to examine whether photoperiod and outdoor temperature on the day of participants' assessment and time of assessment associate with cardiometabolic traits. We used multiple linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, BMI and study site (n =821). Outdoor temperature showed associations with blood pressure (BP) independent of photoperiod. Each additional 1oC increase was associated with 0.19 mmHg lower systolic BP [β ± SE = ‐0.19 ± 0.05 mmHg; P =0.0002] and 0.10 mmHg lower diastolic BP [β ± SE = ‐0.10 ± 0.03 mmHg; P =0.001]. The association between outdoor temperature and BP was modified by age and hypertension status, but not geographical location. No seasonal differences were observed in self‐reported dietary intake, and anthropometric, lipid and glycemic traits. Furthermore, assessment time showed associations with fasting lipids [total cholesterol (P =3.3E‐06), LDL‐C (P =0.004), and TG (P =0.004)] and postprandial response to a high‐fat meal (P =1.1E‐07). The observed associations lend support to the oscillation of important cardiometabolic traits, and suggest that cross‐sectional analyses of population‐based cohorts may need to factor in seasonality and assessment time when investigating cardiometabolic traits, particularly BP.
Dietary Fiber and the Human Gut Microbiome: Application of Evidence Mapping Methodology
Authors: Sawicki Caleigh , Livingston Kara , Obin Martin , Roberts Susan , Chung Mei , McKeown Nicola
Published: June 2021

Evidence mapping is a non‐exhaustive, systematic process by which the breadth of research on a particular topic may be explored. It is useful for summarizing research and influencing new priorities in rapidly developing areas of interest. The aim of this project was to use evidence mapping to summarize published data on dietary fibers and the human gut microbiome. A newly developed comprehensive fiber database, comprised of human intervention studies, identified 141 relevant publications with the following broad outcomes: (1) modulation of colonic microflora and/or (2) colonic fermentation/short‐chain fatty acid production. Descriptive analyses were performed to summarize study design characteristics, fiber exposures, and outcomes. The majority of studies were crossover designs (66%) in adult populations (82%) with healthy baseline status (82%). While 17% were acute studies (蠄1 day), most had a duration of 1‐4 weeks (69%), but there were fewer studies of longer duration (13%). The dietary fibers most frequently examined were resistant starch (14.4%), wheat (7.0%), inulin (7.0%), barley (6.4%), and fructooligosaccharides (6.4%). A total of 7.0% of studies administered an intervention that used a combination of fibers. In the emerging field of dietary fiber and the microbiome, research gaps exist regarding how different fiber types and combinations may effect gut microbiota. This project was supported by a research grant from ILSI North America.
Dietary patterns and health‐related quality of life among Korean breast cancer survivors
Authors: Song Sihan , Hwang Eunkyung , Moon Hyeong‐Gon , Noh Dong‐Young , Lee Jung Eun
Published: June 2021

Background

Healthy dietary pattern may be associated with health‐related quality of life (HRQL) among breast cancer survivors.

Objectives:

We examined the association between dietary patterns and HRQL in a cross‐sectional study of Korean breast cancer survivors.

Methods:

A total of 153 women aged 21 to 79 years who had been diagnosed with breast cancer of the American Joint Committee on Cancer stage I to III and had breast cancer surgery at least 6 months before baseline were included. HRQL was assessed by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer core questionnaire and breast module. We conducted factor analysis to identified major dietary patterns from the 3‐day food record and calculated pattern scores. We used generalized linear model to obtain least squares means of HRQL according to quartiles of pattern scores.

Results:

We identified 2 major dietary patterns: “Soy product and vegetable pattern” and “Kimchi and whole grain pattern”. Breast cancer survivors with high scores of Soy product and vegetable pattern were more likely to have insomnia (P trend = 0.05), whereas those with high scores of Kimchi and whole grain pattern were less likely to have dyspnea (P trend = 0.002), with more apparent association for stage I breast cancer survivors (P trend < 0.001). Also, better global health status and quality of life was observed among stage II or III breast cancer survivors with high scores of Soy product and vegetable pattern (P trend = 0.03).

Conclusions

Our study suggests the evidence that breast cancer survivors may have different dietary patterns according to their quality of life.
Increased Carbohydrate Intake And Glycemic Load Are Associated with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Authors: Bush Nikki , Gower Barbara , Pearson Keith , Judd Suzanne , Shikany James , Howard Virginia , Soliman Sayed , Howard George
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate associations of percent carbohydrate (% CHO), glycemic load (GL) and sodium intake with prevalent hypertension (HTN) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) among 17350 adults (蠅 45y) participating in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke study. Participants missing data or with diabetes were excluded. Prevalent HTN was defined as SBP 蠅 140 mmHg, DBP 蠅 90 mmHg or self‐reported use of anti‐hypertensive medications at baseline. Prevalent LVH was defined using the Sokolow‐Lyon Index from the baseline ECG data. A modified Block 98 food‐frequency questionnaire was used to determine quintiles of % CHO, GL and sodium intake, and odds ratios for the association with HTN and LVH were determined using logistic regression models adjusting for age, sex, race, region, income, education, and for GL and sodium models only, total energy intake. Individuals in the highest quintile of % CHO and GL intake had greater odds of LVH compared to the lowest quintile (OR: 1.24 (1.04, 1.49), P trend: 0.04 and 1.28 (0.96, 1.70), P trend: 0.03, respectively). The highest quintile of GL had lower odds of HTN (OR: 0.83 (0.71, 0.98), P trend: 0.03). No association was observed for % CHO with HTN. Sodium intake was not significantly associated with HTN or LVH. No racial interactions were observed. In conclusion, increased CHO intake with high GL may play a role in LVH. Whether modification of dietary CHO intake offers beneficial effects on LVH and CVD risk requires further research and the findings with GL and HTN should be replicated.
Food Groups Associated with a Reduced Risk of 15‐year All‐cause Death
Authors: Bongard Vanina , Arveiler Dominique , Dallongeville Jean , Ruidavets Jean‐Bernard , Wagner Aline , Simon Chantal , Marecaux Nadine , Ferrieres Jean
Published: June 2021

We investigated all‐cause death according to the consumption of different food groups and identified dietary patterns independently associated with a reduced risk of death.

Methods:

We undertook a population survey of middle‐aged men randomly selected from three areas of France and followed over a median of 15 years. Baseline data collection included a food consumption record. Vital status was obtained on 31 December 2010 through the French national database.

Results:

The study population comprised 960 men (mean age 55.5). After a median follow‐up of 14.8 (interquartile range 14.3–15.2) years, 150 (15.6%) subjects had died. Dietary patterns that remained independently predictive of a lower risk of death after extensive adjustment for confounders (center, age, economic level, obesity, smoking status, physical activity, serious chronic conditions, and alcohol intake) were: high consumptions (third and fourth quartiles of consumption versus other quartiles) of milk (adjusted relative risk 0.61, 95% confidence interval 0.44–0.86), and fruits and vegetables (0.66, 0.46–0.94), and moderate consumptions (third quartile versus other quartiles) of yogurts and cottage cheese (0.50, 95% CI 0.31–0.80), other cheeses (0.63, 0.40–0.98), and bread (0.58, 0.37–0.89).

Conclusions

Dietary patterns that largely match recommendations were associated with a reduced risk of all‐cause death. A diet providing moderate amounts of diverse food groups was associated with the highest life expectancy.
Standardization of Food Composition Database in Latin American Nutrition and Health Study (ELANS): Preliminary data
Authors: Kovalskys Irina , Fisberg Mauro , Gómez Georgina , Rigotti Attilio , Cortés Yadira , Yepez Martha , Pareja Rossina , Herrera Marianella , Fisberg Regina , Guajardo Viviana , Zimberg Ioná , França Natasha , Amigo Paz , Echeverria Guadalupe
Published: June 2021

Objective

To describe procedures and rationale for selection and adaptation of food composition from a single database during pilot study of ELANS.

Methods:

ELANS is a multicenter cross‐sectional study of representative sample (15‐65 years, 3 socioeconomic strata) of 8 Latin American countries. A standard study protocol was designed to investigate dietary intake of 8,000 subjects. The results of pilot study at small scale performed in each country are presented. Two 24‐hour recalls using Multiple Pass Method, were applied and data entered into the Nutrition Data System for Research program (NDS‐R, v.2013). A food matching standardized procedure involving a nutritional equivalency of local food items (food, beverages, and recipes) reported by the study subjects of each country to foods available in NDS‐R database was strictly conducted by professional nutritionists in each country. Regional food preparations were provided by national publications and entered into the software as standard recipes.

Results:

A pre‐test was conducted with 400 subjects. A total of 4,400 standardizations, considering food and recipes, were made in ELANS. A mean of 423 food items and 205 recipes were standardized in each country. A concordance rate of at least 80% to 120% for energy and macronutrient content was considered to establish nutritional equivalency.

Conclusion

This study will result in a unique dataset for Latin America, enabling cross‐country comparisons of nutritional status.

Financial Support:

The Coca‐Cola Company
mTORC1 Nutrient Signaling and Autophagy in Young and Older Skeletal Muscle after Bed Rest and Rehabilitation
Authors: Tanner Ruth , Brunker Lucille , Agergaard Jakob , Kwon Oh‐Sung , Barrows Katherine , McClain Donald , Drummond Micah
Published: June 2021

Inactivity‐induced skeletal muscle loss coupled with impaired recovery may contribute to sarcopenia in older adults. We have previously observed in older adults after bed rest that essential amino acid (EAA)‐induced mTORC1 signaling was suppressed along with a loss in lean mass. It is unknown if exercise rehabilitation can reverse nutrient impairments and whether there are age‐related differences. We also investigated muscle proteolysis as measured by markers of autophagy. Nine healthy older and 14 young adults participated in a 5‐day bed rest experiment at the local Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences. After bed rest, subjects engaged in an 8‐week eccentric resistance exercise intervention (3x/week) with a protein supplement (4.5g Leu) provided after each session. Thigh muscle biopsies were collected before and after acute EAA ingestion at 3‐time points: before (PRE) and after bed rest and after exercise rehabilitation (REHAB). Leg lean mass decreased (4%) only in older adults after bed rest (P<0.05). Lean mass was restored in older adults after REHAB and increased above PRE in young adults (P<0.05). mTORC1 nutrient signaling was blunted after bed rest in older and younger adults (P<0.05) but returned to PRE levels after REHAB in both groups. p‐AMPKα, LC3II/I, and beclin1 modestly increased in older but not younger adults after bed rest (P<0.05). These data support that exercise rehabilitation can restore bed rest‐induced decrements in mTORC1 nutrient signaling and lean mass. Alterations in mTORC1 nutrient signaling and autophagy may contribute to age‐related differences in muscle loss with bed rest. K01AG038556, AFAR, UL1TR000105
The Effect of a Synbiotic Diet on Bone Structure in Aging Male Mice
Authors: Choman Maureen , Blanton Cynthia , Gabaldón Annette
Published: June 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of a synbiotic diet on the structural properties of femur bones in aging male mice. We hypothesize that a synbiotic diet will have an enhancing effect on bone structure that results in improved bone strength. Mice were divided into three groups: 10‐mo‐old sacrificed at baseline (BSL), 10‐mo‐old fed a standard rodent diet for 4 months (CON), and 10‐mo‐old fed the standard rodent diet enhanced with synbiotics for 4 months (SYN). The CON and SYN diets were isocaloric, with the synbiotic diet containing a prebiotic fructooligosaccharide (3% wt) and the probiotic strains Lactococcus lactis lactis and Lactobacillus acidophilus (1% wt). Images of the femur were obtained using micro‐computed tomography. NIH ImageJ was used to measure cortical wall thickness and cross‐sectional areas of total bone, cortical bone, and medullary cavity of the cortical shaft at 30%, 50%, and 70% of total bone length. Preliminary data shows that remodeling occurred between ages 10 to 14 months in mice fed the CON and SYN diets, with an enhancing effect of the SYN diet. Specifically, mice fed the control diet showed an age‐related decrease in cortical wall thickness (50% and 70% regions), while mice fed the synbiotic diet maintained (70% region) or increased (30% and 50% regions) cortical wall thickness with aging from 10 to 14 months. Because of these structural enhancements, it is predicted that the femur bones of mice fed the synbiotic diet will have improved bone strength. Supported by CSU‐Pueblo SEED Grant and Idaho State University.
Adipokines as Mediators of Bone Density in Overweight/Obese Postmenopausal Women After 6‐Month Weight Loss Program
Authors: Jafarinasabian Pegah , Chi Yi‐Chih , Ilich Jasminka
Published: June 2021

It is not clear how distribution of adipose and lean tissue affects bone mineral density (BMD) and what are the consequences of weight loss on BMD and bone turnover markers. Leptin/adiponectin have been studied as mediators of changes in body composition and bone outcomes. Our objective was to examine the interrelationship of leptin/adiponectin with BMD and bone biomarkers at baseline and after 6 months of weight loss. 189 healthy women were enrolled (BMI=32.0±5.8kg/m2, age=55.7±4.4y) and consumed hypocaloric diets for 6 months. Anthropometrics, BMD, serum leptin, adiponectin, 25(OH) D, and bone markers (serum osteocalcin, NTx and urine CTx) were measured at baseline and after 6 months. Dietary/activity records were assessed at those times too. Calculations included partial correlations adjusted for confounders (age, BMI, physical activity, dietary calcium, vitamin D and serum 25(OH)D) and RMANOVA for changes over time (P<0.05). Leptin was positively correlated with forearm BMD at baseline. Adiponectin showed positive correlation with osteocalcin. After 6 months, participants lost 6.6% and 9.8% of body weight and fat, respectively. Leptin decreased; adiponectin increased significantly. BMD decreased in femoral neck, femur and forearm; significantly only in forearm. NTx decreased significantly; other markers did not change. Leptin was significantly correlated with forearm, total body and femur BMD before and after adjusting for confounders, suggesting that it may play role in bone health independently of body weight/fat. In conclusion, 6 months weight loss resulted in increased adiponectin and decreased leptin, the latter possibly explaining the slight bone loss.
How do Consumers Perceive Single Serve Frozen Meals Compared to Commercial Weight Loss Program Meals?
Authors: Reimers Kristin , Blake Denise , Jacobson Mary
Published: June 2021

Many commercial weight loss programs offer meals as a key component of their plan, which may lead consumers to believe that these meals confer unique weight loss benefits. Consumers may not be aware that frozen meals found in the grocery store are similar nutritionally to diet meals, and may offer cost, accessibility and sensory benefits. This study compared perceptions about grocery store single serve frozen meals (frozen meals) and weight loss program single serve meals (diet meals). Women (n=114, age 43.9 ± 9.2) completed blinded sensory evaluations of 3 ravioli meals: Healthy Choice®(HC), Jenny Craig®(JC) and NutriSystem®(NS), then responded to statements about the broader categories of frozen and diet meals, before and after viewing nutrition facts.

Line Average Nutrition Facts
Wt., oz.
Kcal
Fat, g
Sodium, mg

Frozen Meals, HC
10
270
6
545

Diet Meals, NS, JC
10
330
9
715

Participants scored the HC frozen ravioli meal higher in overall liking than NS (6.3 vs. 5.6, p<0.05) and at parity with JC (6.3 vs. 5.9, p>0.05). After tasting all 3 entrees, participants rated the frozen meal as most preferred (44%, p<0.05).

Responses to Statements Pre/Post Viewing Nutrition Facts
Agree Pre, %
Agree Post, %

Diet meals are better suited nutritionally for weight management than frozen meals
60
11

Frozen meals have more calories, fat and sodium than diet meals
70
15

It is likely I would use diet meals to help manage my weight
72
32

It is likely I would use frozen meals to help manage my weight
51
85

Misperceptions existed about frozen meals' nutrient content compared to diet meals. Sensory testing and nutrition facts changed perceptions and increased intention to use frozen meals for weight loss. Single serve frozen meals are an economical, accessible alternative to meals available through commercial weight loss programs, but education is needed to help consumers overcome misperceptions and recognize frozen meals as a viable option for weight management.