bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The epidemiology and trends in the surgical management of calcaneal fractures in England between 2000 and 2017
Authors: Humphrey J. A. , Woods A. , Robinson A. H. N.
Published: January 2019

Aims

This paper documents the epidemiology of adults (aged more than 18 years) with a calcaneal fracture who have been admitted to hospital in England since 2000. Secondary aims were to document whether publication of the United Kingdom Heel Fracture Trial (UK HeFT) influenced the proportion of patients admitted to hospital with a calcaneal fracture who underwent surgical treatment, and to determine whether there has been any recent change in the surgical technique used for these injuries.

Patients and Methods

In England, the Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) data are recorded annually. Between 2000/01 and 2016/17, the number of adults admitted to an English NHS hospital with a calcaneal fracture and whether they underwent surgical treatment was determined.

Results

During this 17-year period, 62 858 patients were admitted to hospital with a calcaneal fracture. The male-to-female ratio was 2.66:1. The mean annual incidence was 10.5/100 000 for men and 3.8/100 000 for women. The results of the UK HeFT were published in July 2014. The percentage of patients admitted with a calcaneal fracture undergoing internal fixation was 7.31% (3792/51 859) before and 7.38% (534/7229) after its publication. This difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.94). Since 2015, there has been a significant increase in the percentage of calcaneal fractures treated by closed reduction and internal fixation, as opposed to open reduction and internal fixation, from 7.7% (292/3792) to 13.29% (71/534) (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

This study documents the epidemiology and trends in surgical treatment of calcaneal fractures in England. We established that surgeons did not change their practice in terms of offering surgery to these patients in response to the results of the UK HeFT. There has been a significant (p < 0.001) increase in the number of calcaneal fractures being treated surgically using less invasive procedures.
The influence of obesity on clinical outcomes of fixed-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty
Authors: Xu S. , Lim W-A. J. , Chen J. Y. , Lo N. N. , Chia S-L. , Tay D. K. J. , Hao Y. , Yeo S. J.
Published: January 2019

Aims

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of obesity on the clinical outcomes and survivorship ten years postoperatively in patients who underwent a fixed-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA).

Patients and Methods

We prospectively followed 184 patients who underwent UKA between 2003 and 2007 for a minimum of ten years. A total of 142 patients with preoperative body mass index (BMI) of < 30 kg/m2were in the control group (32 male, 110 female) and 42 patients with BMI of ≥ 30 kg/m2were in the obese group (five male, 37 female). Pre- and postoperative range of movement (ROM), Knee Society Score (KSS), Oxford Knee Score (OKS), 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), and survivorship were analyzed.

Results

Patients in the obese group underwent UKA at a significantly younger mean age (56.5 years (sd 6.4)) than those in the control group (62.4 years (sd 7.8); p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in preoperative functional scores. However, those in the obese group had a significantly lower ROM (116° (sd 15°) vs 123° (sd 17°); p = 0.003). Both groups achieved significant improvement in outcome scores regardless of BMI, ten years postoperatively. All patients achieved the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for OKS and KSS. Both groups also had high rates of satisfaction (96.3% in the control group and 97.5% in the obese group) and the fulfilment of expectations (94.9% in the control group and 95.0% in the obese group). Multiple linear regression showed a clear association between obesity and a lower OKS two years postoperatively and Knee Society Function Score (KSFS) ten years postoperatively. After applying propensity matching, obese patients had a significantly lower KSFS, OKS, and physical component score (PCS) ten years postoperatively. Seven patients underwent revision to total knee arthroplasty (TKA), two in the control group and five in the obese group, resulting in a mean rate of survival at ten years of 98.6% and 88.1%, respectively (p = 0.012).

Conclusion

Both groups had significant improvements in functional and quality-of-life scores postoperatively. However, obesity was a significant predictor of poorer improvement in clinical outcome and an increased rate of revision ten years postoperatively.
A standardized interdisciplinary algorithm for the treatment of prosthetic joint infections
Authors: Karczewski D. , Winkler T. , Renz N. , Trampuz A. , Lieb E. , Perka C. , Müller M.
Published: January 2019

Aims

In 2013, we introduced a specialized, centralized, and interdisciplinary team in our institution that applied a standardized diagnostic and treatment algorithm for the management of prosthetic joint infections (PJIs). The hypothesis for this study was that the outcome of treatment would be improved using this approach.

Patients and Methods

In a retrospective analysis with a standard postoperative follow-up, 95 patients with a PJI of the hip and knee who were treated with a two-stage exchange between 2013 and 2017 formed the study group. A historical cohort of 86 patients treated between 2009 and 2011 not according to the standardized protocol served as a control group. The success of treatment was defined according to the Delphi criteria in a two-year follow-up.

Results

Patients in the study group had a significantly higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (3.9 vs 3.1; p = 0.009) and rate of previous revisions for infection (52.6% vs 36%; p = 0.025), and tended to be older (69.0 vs 66.2 years; p = 0.075) with a broader polymicrobial spectrum (47.3% vs 33.7%; p = 0.062). The rate of recurrent infection (3.1% vs 10.4%; p = 0.048) and the mean time interval between the two stages of the procedure (66.6 vs 80.7 days; p < 0.001) were reduced significantly in the study group compared with the control group.

Conclusion

We were able to show that the outcome following the treatment of PJIs of the hip and knee is better when managed in a separate department with an interdisciplinary team using a standard algorithm.
Morphometric geometrical analysis to determine the centre of the acetabular component placement in Crowe type IV hips undergoing total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Yoshitani J. , Kabata T. , Kajino Y. , Ueno T. , Ueoka K. , Nakamura T. , Tsuchiya H.
Published: January 2019

Aims

We analyzed the acetabular morphology of Crowe type IV hips using CT data to identify a landmark for the ideal placement of the centre of the acetabular component, as assessed by morphometric geometrical analysis, and its reliability.

Patients and Methods

A total of 52 Crowe IV hips (42 patients; seven male, 35 female; mean age 68.5 years (32 to 82)) and 50 normal hips (50 patients; eight male, 42 female; mean age 60.7 years (34 to 86)) undergoing total hip arthroplasty were retrospectively identified. In this CT-based simulation study, the acetabular component was positioned at the true acetabulum with a radiological inclination of 40° and anteversion of 20°. Acetabular shape and the position of the centre of the acetabular component were analyzed by morphometric geometrical analysis using the generalized Procrustes analysis.

Results

The acetabular shapes of Crowe IV hips were distinctively triangular; the ideal position of the centre of the acetabular component was superior on the posterior bony wall. The first and second relative warps explained 34.2% and 18.4% of the variance, respectively, compared with that of 28.6% and 18.0% in normal hips. We defined the landmark as one-third the distance from top on the posterior bony wall in Crowe IV hips. The average distance from the centre of the acetabular component was 5.6 mm.

Conclusion

Crowe IV hips are distinctively triangular; the point one-third from the top on the posterior bony wall was a useful landmark for placing the acetabular component.
Introducing motion-capturing technology into the music practice room as a feedback tool for working towards the precision of rubato
Authors: Cheng Marisa
Published: January 2019

Motion-capturing technology has been traditionally used in the field of sports for the analysis of athletes’ body movements. The application of this multimodal tool to the field of musical pedagogy, however, has yet to be widely explored. Historically, music teachers have been using abstract language such asthick lines, for example, to describe melodic phrases. Thesethick linescan function as mental signposts or cues to help a performer navigate through a particular piece especially during performances. Concepts such asrubato– the stretching of time – for instance, are more challenging to describe in terms of concrete lines or shapes, however. Because the push and pull ofrubatois so subtle, it can sometimes be challenging to pinpointrubatoand maximize its effectiveness. Thus, in addition to listening to the coach’s verbal explanations, it can be helpful to see the teacher’s gestures displayed simultaneously alongside their students’ gestures during music lessons. TheLeapmotionsoftware provides visual feedback in real time and can be played back in slow motion. This device functions much like a mirror, as the performers’ gestures reflect onto the screen in real time. At the same time, their teacher’s gestures can also be juxtaposed onto the screen as a reference. Details of the speed and the precision of therubatotiming can be seen on the screen as well. More importantly,Leapmotioncan be a useful source of feedback in the practice room where the teacher is not present; students can record precise gestures during their lessons and revisit what they had learned when they are alone. In this sense, students would not feel lost in the practice room during the week, and they could also hone their music analysis skills through the examination of their body movements. This study aims to catalyse the learning process and to revolutionize the traditional methods of daily music practice.
"Knowing you will understand”: The Usage of Poetry as a Historical Source about the Experience of the First World War
Authors: Ribeiro S C Thomaz Julia
Published: January 2019

For the last century, historians of the conflict have not systematically used the poetry of the First World War as a source. Whether reduced to a canon established a posteriori or excluded from literary periodisation altogether, this corpus needs to be considered from a transdisciplinary perspective and be used as a document about the experience of war itself, and not just about the conflict’s remembrance. The present article aims to present the French and British landscape of research about the poetry of the Great War and to establish a theoretical framework combining literary history, anthropology, literary criticism, and linguistics, which will allow for the usage of poetry as a historical source. Finally, the article will discuss two digital humanities projects which draw upon the Centenary to contribute to the establishment of a relation between History and Poetics in the context of the sources available to the cultural historian looking at how individuals internalised a culture shared by all those who experienced the war and at how the poetic gesture shaped the experience of war itself.
“Prefer not, eh?”: Re-Scribing the Lives of the Great War Poets in Contemporary British Historical Fiction
Authors: Pividori María Cristina
Published: January 2019

Although the First World War has become history by now, the memory of the war continues to be repeatedly fictionalised: retrospectively inspired narratives are often regarded as more genuine and far-reaching than historical or documentary accounts in their rendition of the past. Yet, memory is creatively selective, reflecting a highly-conflicted process of sifting and discerning what should be remembered, neglected or amplified from the stream of war experience. In his book about Pat Barker, Mark Rawlinson argues that “historical fiction has been transformed in the post-war period by the way writers have exploited the porous and unstable demarcation between fiction and no fiction, stories and history” (14). Jill Dawson’s The Great Lover (2009), Geoff Akers’s Beating for the Light: The Story of Isaac Rosenberg (2006) and Robert Edric’s In Zodiac Light (2008) have not become best sellers like Barker’s Regeneration trilogy; yet, they too represent the predominant commemorative drift in contemporary British fiction about the Great War. Without doubt, these three authors have followed in Barker’s steps in their purpose of holding a mirror to real people and real events in the past and of deciphering the deleted text of ‘the war to end all wars.’ However, while Barker chose to write about the often-anthologised Wilfred Owen and Siegfried Sassoon, Dawson, Akers and Edric base their narratives on the writings, and lives, of Rupert Brooke, Isaac Rosenberg and Ivor Gurney respectively. My discussion of these three novels will explore the various ways in which the past can be accessed and interpreted from the present and represented in fiction. The authors’ decisions as to what historical instances to unravel do not just reveal the relation that contemporary British fiction entertains with the Great War and with history, but also how the past erupts in the present to interrogate it. Taking three salient features of Hutcheon’s “historiographic metafiction” (1988)—intertextuality, parody and paratextuality—as my theoretical points of departure, I will explore the dominant frameworks and cultural conditions (that is the propagation of either patriotic or protest readings) within which the Great War has been narrated in the novels and the new approaches, opportunities and ethical implications of using historical and literary sources to re-scribe a previously non-existent version of the lives of the iconic Great War Poets.
Inequality as a social pedagogical question
Authors: Ryynänen Sanna , Nivala Elina
Published: January 2019

In his bookThe Killing Fields of Inequality(2013/2014), sociologist Göran Therborn brought together empirical data, theoretical reflections and historical and political analysis in order to outline an analytical tool for understanding the complex phenomenon of inequality. In this article, it is asked whether Therborn’s framework, rooted in the idea that social inequality is a social construction that may be transformed, could provide one possible analytical tool that could help professionals in the area of social pedagogy to better understand inequalities and ways to combat them. Following the orientation of critical social pedagogy, it is argued that, in order to better direct the planning and implementation of theoretical and practical work aiming at taking steps towards a more egalitarian future, it is necessary to see the connectedness of individual hardships with wider and deeper societal structures of inequality. The first part of the article offers a short historical analysis of inequality as a question of social pedagogy. The second part is dedicated to Therborn’s theoretical framework of the different dimensions of inequality. It is introduced within a social pedagogical context. Different mechanisms leading to inequality are also outlined, together with their counterforces, or the mechanisms producing equality. Using Therborn’s framework as an analytical tool, a suggestion is formulated on how his theory could be applied as a general framework for work in the field of social pedagogy attempting to prevent and alleviate social exclusion and inequality in society. The article outlines a set of ‘social pedagogical tools for equality’, the use of which should be contextualised within a well-rooted conceptual understanding of inequality.
Social pedagogy-informed residential child care
Authors: Timonen-Kallio Eeva , Hämäläinen Juha
Published: January 2019

This paper discusses the nature of the professional expertise needed in residential child care (RCC) in light of recent debate on social pedagogy. Focusing on the question of what kind of expertise is introduced in this debate, the paper deals with the contribution of social pedagogy to the professional development and professional competences of the RCC field, as well as the characteristics of professional knowhow in particular. The paper discusses also the research on how RCC expertise is constructed among RCC workers and how they demonstrate their expertise to other professional groups. The final aim is to outline a social pedagogy-informed profile of professional RCC competences. The purpose is to stimulate and enable multidisciplinary reflections about different kinds of expertise and shared responsibilities, towards developing an integrated framework for RCCs. Moreover, the paper emphasises the relevance of social pedagogy as a subject for training to promote RCC professionalism.
Radiological Analysis of Suitability of Kitui South Limestone for use as Building Material
Authors:   Department of physics, University of Nairobi P.O Box 30197, Nairobi-Kenya, Munyao Mulwa Bendibbie
Published: January 2019

Indoor exposure arises from the soils from which the building stands and the building materials used for construction. This is because all building materials contain certain levels of natural radionuclides 238U, 232Th, and 40K. Limestone is the most commonly used building material in Kenya due to its availability and low cost. The limestone from Kitui South has not been mined to process for use but limestone mining and processing plants were being set by the time of this study. This study therefore aimed at evaluating the suitability of the limestone for use as a building material before its mining and processing begins. The activity concentrations of the limestone samples were determined and the radium equivalent, external hazard index, gamma activity index and alpha index evaluated. The results showed that the radium equivalent activity for all the samples was below the recommend limit of 370Bqkg-1 and all the radiation hazard indices were below a unit. Therefore, the limestone can be used as building material or for manufacture of building materials without any restrictions.
Numéro 143 - Janvier 2019
Authors: Attanasi Gautier , Bodart Vincent , Courtoy François , Fontenay Sébastien , Ounnas Alexandre , Sauvenier Mathieu
Published: January 2019

Après avoir été soutenue en 2017, la croissance de l’économie belge est redevenue plus modeste en 2018. L’expansion de l’économie belge resterait modérée en 2019. Alors que la demande intérieure devrait être soutenue par l’amélioration de la situation du marché du travail et du pouvoir d’achat des ménages, de même que par un certain optimisme des entreprises, la contribution de la demande étrangère serait en revanche réduite en raison d’un ralentissement de la croissance de l’économie mondiale et du commerce international. De 1,5 % en 2018, la croissance du PIB belge diminuerait à 1,3 % en 2019.

En résumé , nos prévisions macroéconomiques pour 2019 sont les suivantes:

L’économie belge devrait croître de 1,3 % en 2019.

L’emploi augmenterait, en termes nets, de 37.900 unités en 2019.

Le nombre de demandeurs d’emploi diminuerait de 15.200 unités en 2019.

L’inflation générale des prix à la consommation s’élèverait à 1,8 % en 2019.

Le déficit budgétaire des administrations publiques serait de 1,6 % du PIB en 2019.
THE EFFECT OF SEGMENTAL PEDICLE SCREW INSTRUMENTATION ON ACTIVELY GROWING SPINE: A LONG-TERM EXPERIMENTAL STUDY*
Authors: Kim Won Joong , Coillard Christine , Rhalmi Souad , Charette Sylvie , Rivard Charles-Hilaire
Published: January 2019

Objectives. To determine the biological response of growing spine to rigid segmental fixation. Summary of background data. Pedicle screw is gaining popularity in pediatric deformities. Yet, biological response of actively growing spine to rigid pedicle screw fixation remains unclear. Methods. Twelve mini pigs in actively growing period were subjected to posterior segmental screw-rod instrumentation spanning 9 levels and creation of experimental scoliosis. There was no attempt of posterior arthrodesis. The pigs were subjected to periodic radiological examinations and were euthanized at 18 months for analysis. Results. There was no significant fixation failure despite conspicuous growth of the animals. Initial scoliosis of 31 ± 5° was reduced to 27 ± 8° at 18months, but there was no statistical significance (p=0.37). Though there was no change in length of the implant construct, the vertebrae within the instrumented section showed mean longitudinal growth of 6 ± 3 mm (p = 0.000). The growth occurred at expense of the disc spaces that progressively narrowed with time. On necropsy, the instrumented region was completely fused posteriorly with crossing of the osseous traberculae across the former facet joints. Intervertebral discs were severely atrophic in all the discs with occasional spontaneous fusion. Conclusions. Even in the actively growing spine, the force of growth does not overcome the fixation offered by segmental pedicle screws. Longitudinal growth occurs at the expense of the joint spaces and leads to spontaneous intervertebral fusion. Our results may explain the favorable outcomes in pedicle fixations in pediatric population, showing little implant failure or nonunion.
DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT FOR UPPER CERVICAL SPINE INJURIES
Authors: Vetrile Stepan Timofeyevich , Kolesov Sergey Vasilyevich
Published: January 2019

The experience of diagnostics and treatment of 82 patients with various injuries of the upper cervical spine was analyzed. The most frequent injuries were fractures of C2 odontoid process and arch. The treatment included a wide application of halo apparatus, and, when indicated, a surgical instrumention stabilization of the upper cervical spine.
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AND IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS
Authors: Dudin Mikhail Georgyevich , Pinchuk Dmitry Yuryevich
Published: January 2019

Till now the etiology and pathogenesis of idiopathic scoliosis remain a subject of brisk discussion. In the submitted review of Russian and foreign literature this problem is discussed from the sides of modern neurology and neurophysiology. The cited data allow considering idiopathic scoliosis from a non-traditional point of view.
FIRST EXPERIENCE IN RADICAL REMOVAL OF PRIMARY AND METASTATIC SPINE TUMORS
Authors: Chissov Valery Ivanovich , Reshetov Igor Vladimirovich , Schetinin Viktor Vasilyevich , Dotsenko Vladimir Valentinovich , Kravtsov Sergey Anatolyevich , Polyakov Andrey Pavlovich
Published: January 2019

The purpose of the study is the development and improvement of methods for radical surgical ablation of primary and metastatic tumors in the spine. Radical surgeries of spine tumors were performed in 16 patients. Moderate rate of local relapses (2 patients) suggests the possibility of radical ablation of the isolated tumor of the vertebra using offered methods of blood loss reduction and of ablastic safety increase. The preliminary results testify that it is necessary to improve methods of block resections of vertebra to increase oncological radicalism.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NEW BLOOD-SAVING TECHNIQUES IN PEDIATRIC SPINAL SURGERY
Authors: Ulrikh Gleb Eduardovich , Ulrikh Eduard Vladimirovich , Kachalova Elena Georgyevna , Ushakov Aleksandr Valentinovich
Published: January 2019

The results of application of new blood-saving techniques in surgeries for scoliosis were compared in 289 patients aged from 9 months to 17 years, and the analysis of their efficiency was performed. The authors have estimated volume and velocity of blood loss, and changes in hemoglobin rate under balanced anesthesia with spinal blockade, clonidine hypotensive anesthesia and acute preoperative isovolemic hemodilution with autoplasma. The highest efficiency of spinal blockade in lumbar surgery is marked. Hemodilution was found more effective in comparison with hypotensive anesthesia in the patients with CDI correction of scoliosis. Clonidine hypotensive anesthesia (the only variant of blood-saving anesthesia used for hemivertebrae extirpation in our study) has appeared inefficient.
The Dark Side of the Lasem Maritime Industry: Chinese Power in Opium Business in the XIX Century
Authors: Lestari Siska Nurazizah , Wiratama Nara Setya
Published: January 2019

Some of the issues discussed in this article are the shipyard industry development at Lasem, and revealing the factors of Chinese traders conducted smuggling by sea. This study shows the dark side of the maritime industry found in Lasem mainly related to Chinese power in the opium business, XIX century. These problems analyzes with critical historical methods which consist of four stages, including a) heuristics, seeking and collecting historical sources, both primary and secondary sources; b) source criticism, the process carried out to test the authenticity and credibility of the source; c) interpretations, interpret and compile facts from one another; d) historiography, the process of rewriting historical events. According to the results, there was a concentration of Chinese residences during the colonial period. Lasem’s Chinese settlements (Chinatown) had rapid growth after the migration of Chinese and the Chinese massacre as known as Geger, Pecinan. To maintain its existence, the Chinese in Lasem initiated the opium business, developed in the nineteenth century by sea. The presence of the Lasem River also strengthened this finding, became the lifeblood of economic activity in the past. The Lasem River also connects the hinterland with the coastal area, so it has a negative impact mainly related to the smuggling of opium.
A Bajau Tradeswoman: Between Trade Networks and Marine Conservation Issues (Review of Amphibious Anthropology: Engaging with Maritime Worlds in Indonesia by Annet P. Pauwelessen)
Authors: Subekti Slamet
Published: January 2019

This paper drawn the case study of Langkah, the Bajau tradewoman, to show how maritime people perform informal networks of exchanges and interdependencies acroos the sea. Its sheds light on a world that often escapes the attention of maritime research and policy making both in terms of scale and complexity. There is a persisting disparity between the relational performance of this sea-based Bajau world and the way in which it is captured and approached in maritime governance, including conservation policy and practice
Od fanów dla fanów. Komentarze serialowe jako nowe zjawisko komunikacyjne
Authors: Kaproń-Charzyńska Iwona , Kamper-Warejko Joanna
Published: January 2019

The article addresses the question of the Internet activity of anonymous amateur translators and fans’ translations of subtitles for series using the example of Korean dramas. The authors focus on analysing the genre of commentary in the audiovisual narrative – TV series. The authors put forward the thesis that the synthetic model of communication in the Internet stimulates communication activity, which affects the transformation of language patterns. Series commentary has been considered to be a new type of genre pattern functioning in the media. What is novel is the kind of cultural text within which a given commentary appears. It may be compared to a commentary which is an explanation, a supplement to the text it refers to. It may also be compared to a more recent pattern – the Internet commentary.
Esej o Rozważności Ziemi Constantina Brâncuşiego
Authors: Noica Constantin
Published: January 2019

Constantin Noica treated Brâncuşi’s sculpture “The Wisdom of the Earth” (Cuminţenia pământului) in the same way he did “Endless Column”, as an artistic expression of the ontological vision characteristic of the Romanian sense of being. It brings together two great philosophical categories, traditionally seen as mutually exclusive: static being and dynamic becoming. Noica proves that Brâncuşi’s sculpture is unique in the way it illustrates “becoming into being” (Romanian = Devenirea întru fiinţa), the fundamental term in Noica’s ontology.Przełożył Andrzej Zawadzki.
МЕТАФОРИЗАЦІЯ ОБРАЗУ “Я” У ТВОРЧОСТІ БОРИСА ОЛІЙНИКА
Authors: Діброва Ольга
Published: January 2019

Artykuł poświęcony jest analizie metaforyzacji obrazu “Ja” w twórczości Borysa Olijnyka — przedstawiciela ukraińskiej literatury pięknej. Autorka bada metafory w tekście artystycznym, odnajdując nie tylko szczegóły kształtowania obrazów poetyckich, ale również właściwości kognitywnego stylu pisarza.
ГЕШТАЛЬТНИЙ РІЗНОВИД АСОЦІАТИВНО-МЕТАФОРИЧНОЇ МОТИВАЦІЇ НАУКОВО-ТЕХНІЧНИХ АНАЛІТИЧНИХ ТЕРМІНІВ
Authors: Гаращенко Лілія
Published: January 2019

Artykuł poświęcono specyfi ce motywacji naukowo-technicznych terminów analitycznych pod kątem mechanizmów ich tworzenia. Autorka zwraca szczególną uwagę na Gestalt — odmianę asocjacyjno-metaforycznej motywacji terminów, charakteryzującą się wyborem motywatorów oznaczających obiekty naukowo-techniczne na podstawie podobieństwa obrazów wzrokowych (Gestalt). Omówione zostały podstawowe obszary dostarczające własne środki znakowe do tworzenia terminologii naukowo-technicznej.
АВТОБІОГРАФІЧНА ПАМ'ЯТЬ У СТРУКТУРІ ЩОДЕННИКОВОГО ДИСКУРСУ
Authors: Ігнатьєва Світлана
Published: January 2019

W artykule poddano analizie pamięć autobiografi czną jako proces spowodowany chęcią pamiętnikarza-adresanta głębiej wniknąć w swoje wewnętrzne „Ja”, jak najlepiej zrozumieć samego siebie, swoją przeszłość, osiągnąć sens istnienia. Określono subiektywne czynniki, które wpływają na zdolność pamięci do transformacji. Skoncentrowano uwagę na sytuacji medialnej pamięci autobiografi cznej w strukturze dyskursu pamiętnikarskiego, wskazano na jej zdolność identyfi kacji autora — nadawcy wypowiedzi. Przedstawiono niezbędne dla wielostronnego rozumienia  achanizmów pamięci autobiografi cznej funkcje intersubiektywną, intrasubiektywną oraz egzystencjalną, wyodrębniono markery językowe, które biorą aktywny udział w dyskursie pamiętnikarskim. Dyskurs pamiętnikarski omówiono jako szczególny rodzaj dialogu pamiętnikarza z samym sobą, z umownym nadawcą-odbiorcą, epoką, przyszłością.
ПСЕВДОНІМ У СИСТЕМІ ОНІМІВ: ЙОГО СТАТУС, ТИПИ Й ФУНКЦІЇ (аналіз особливостей творення псевдонімів сучасних українських письменників)
Authors: Janczura Dominika
Published: January 2019

Artykuł poświęcony jest historii badań nad pseudonimami jakо jednym z podtypów nazw własnych. Opisano szeroko stosowaną w ukraińskim językoznawstwie wieloaspektową klasyfi kację pseudonimów oraz interpretację ich statusu językowego. Zaproponowano interpretację mechanizmów tworzenia pseudonimów wybranych współczesnych pisarzy ukraińskich oraz ich funkcje w dzisiejszej przestrzeni języka ukraińskiego. Nakreślono zasadnicze tendencje, wyznaczono perspektywę badań.
O PEWNYCH PROCESACH SŁOWOTWÓRCZYCH W OBRĘBIE UKRAIŃSKICH OFICJALNYCH NAZW GRZYBÓW MAKROSKOPIJNYCH
Authors: Jóźwikiewicz Przemysław
Published: January 2019

У статті висвітлено результати дослідження українських назв макроскопічних грибів, яке було проведене з урахуванням їхніх дериваційних ознак. Проаналізовано словотвірні процеси, які відбуваються у сфері мікологічної терміносистеми, описано творення назв грибів, що виникли в ході словотвірної деривації, композитів, юкстапозитів тощо.
РЕАЛІЗАЦІЯ РЕГУЛЯТИВНИХ КОМУНІКАТИВНИХ ТАКТИК У СИТУАЦІЯХ НЕОПОСЕРЕДКОВАНОЇ ТОРГІВЛІ
Authors: Шкіцька Ірина
Published: January 2019

W artykule zostały opisane przejawy zachowań komunikacyjnych Ukraińców w sytuacjach handlu bezpośredniego. Wyodrębniono konstruktywne i destrukcyjne regulacyjne taktyki komunikacji, stosowane przez sprzedawców i kupujących, dokonano ich analizy. Omówione zostały sposoby komunikacji i środki językowe, mające wyraźny potencjał manipulacyjny.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ УКРАЇНСЬКО-НІМЕЦЬКИХ ЛЕКСИЧНИХ ПАРАЛЕЛЕЙ У СЛОВНИКОВОМУ ФОРМАТІ
Authors: Дубічинський Володимир , Reuther Tilmann
Published: January 2019

Artykuł dotyczy kwestii opisu leksykografi cznego ukraińskoniemieckich paraleli leksykalnych, których cechą charakterystyczną jest podobieństwo pod względem brzmienia i pisowni oraz niezupełne podobieństwo bądź jego brak pod względem znaczenia. Przytoczono przykłady opisu słownikowego homonimów i paronimów międzyjęzykowych.
Spectral ray data for optical simulations
Authors: Rotscholl Ingo , Trampert Klaus , Schmidt Franz
Published: January 2019

This paper summarizes selected approaches, to generate spectral ray data for different types of spectrally varying light sources including only angular variable as well as spatial and angular variable sources. This includes a description of their general ideas and applications, the required measurements, and their mathematical concepts. Finally, achieved results for an Red/Green/Blue/White-light emitting diode (RGBW-LED) system are shown. Ray tracing simulations of a spatially and angularly spectral varying LED system combined with a spectrally sensitive optical system are qualitatively and quantitatively compared to a colorimetric far-field measurement of the same system. The results demonstrate the potential and benefits of spectral ray files in general.
Piety and Annihilation in Plato’s Phaedo
Authors: Austin Emily
Published: January 2019

At the close of Plato’s Apology, Socrates argues that death is a benefit regardless of whether it results in annihilation or an afterlife. According to the standard interpretation, Socrates of the Phaedo rejects the idea that annihilation is a benefit, instead arguing that the soul is immortal and that annihilation would harm a philosopher. Socrates certainly suggests in a few passages that he would resent annihilation. In this paper, however, I argue that the Phaedo does not mark a significant shift in Socrates’ views about whether annihilation benefits. In both dialogues, he recognizes that if the gods choose to annihilate humans, they signal that human life is bad overall and that deprivation of a bad state is a benefit, albeit a benefit without an existing beneficiary. I contend that for Socrates, the possibility that humans benefit from annihilation entails neither the rationality of suicide nor the view that philosophers live miserable lives.
Six-fold plasmonic enhancement of thermal scavenging via CsPbBr3 anti-Stokes photoluminescence
Authors: Roman Benjamin J. , Sheldon Matthew T.
Published: January 2019

One-photon up-conversion, also called anti-Stokes photoluminescence (ASPL), is the process whereby photoexcited carriers scavenge thermal energy and are promoted into a higher energy excited state before emitting a photon of greater energy than initially absorbed. Here, we examine how ASPL from CsPbBr3 nanoparticles is modified by coupling with plasmonically active gold nanoparticles deposited on a substrate. Two coupling regimes are examined using confocal fluorescence microscopy: three to four Au nanoparticles per diffraction limited region and monolayer Au nanoparticle coverage of the substrate. In both regimes, CsPbBr3 ASPL is blue-shifted relative to CsPbBr3 deposited on a bare substrate, corresponding to an increase in the thermal energy scavenged per emitted photon. However, with monolayer Au nanoparticle coverage, ASPL is enhanced relative to the conventional Stokes-shifted PL. Together, these phenomena result in a 6.7-fold increase in the amount of thermal energy extracted from the system during optical absorption and reemission.
Genre shifts in Israeli campaign advertisements: Strategies and rhetorical functions
Authors: Shukrun-Nagar Pnina
Published: January 2019

The present article addresses genre shifts in Israeli political campaign in 2013, specifically written advertisements published in newspapers, on the Internet, on stickers, in leaflets, and on billboards. I examine shifts to diverse genres (protest slogans, writing on social networks, personal conversation, a math exercise etc.), and analyze various discursive and para-linguistic strategies by means of which these shifts are implemented: use of registers and sociolects identified with particular genres; syntactical, semantic and lexical repetitions; graphic, typographical, and visual elements, etc. I show that due to the expectations of the addressees regarding the reconstructed genres and the addressing parties, genre shifts may serve to fulfill two main pragmatic-rhetorical functions: (1) Promoting messages regarding the desired conduct of the voters during the elections; (2) Self-positioning of the parties, either to strengthen their existing image among the public or to create a new, surprising one. I thus emphasize the key role played by genre shifts in the intertextual phenomenon of integrating semiotic meanings into a linguistic text; specifically in this case, integrating cultural-societal meanings into campaign advertisements.
A Decade Later: The Legacy of the Supreme Court of Canada's Health Services Decision on Workers' Rights
Authors: Walchuk Brad
Published: January 2019

The year 2017 marked the ten-year anniversary of the Health Services case, a precedent-setting decision by the Supreme Court of Canada that ruled collective bargaining is protected by the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. This article explores the impact and legacy of BC Health Services, and finds that while workers’ constitutional rights have been expanded under the Charter over the past decade, governments nevertheless continue to violate these rights. It concludes that the legacy of the case is not an enhanced level of protection for these rights to be enjoyed fully, but rather that the default option has been and will continue to be a financial penalty for the state in instances in which they violate workers’ rights. 

KEYWORDS  labour rights; Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms; human rights; health services
Ferroptosis in Neurons and Cancer Cells Is Similar But Differentially Regulated by Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors
Authors: Zille Marietta , Kumar Amit , Kundu Nandini , Bourassa Megan W. , Wong Victor S. C. , Willis Dianna , Karuppagounder Saravanan S. , Ratan Rajiv R.
Published: January 2019

Ferroptotic death is a mechanism for tumor suppression by pharmacological inhibitors that target the Xc−transporter (cystine/glutamate antiporter) in a host of non-CNS and CNS tumors. Inhibition of this transporter leads to reduction of cystine uptake, cyst(e)ine deprivation, subsequent depletion of the versatile antioxidant glutathione, and reactive lipid species-dependent death. Accordingly, pharmacological inhibitors of the Xc−transporter can also induce neuronal cell death raising concerns about toxicity in the CNS and PNS if these agents are used for chemotherapy. Here, we show that ferroptotic death induced by the canonical ferroptosis inducer erastin is similar in HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells and primary cortical neurons although cell death is mediated more potently in cancer cells. Reducing the toxicity of ferroptosis inducers will require, among other things, the identification of agents that protect neurons from ferroptosis but exacerbate it in tumor cells. Although we show that a number of agents known to block ferroptosis in primary mouse neurons also inhibit ferroptosis in fibrosarcoma cells, class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors selectively protect neurons while augmenting ferroptosis in cancer cells. Our results further suggest that cell death pathways induced by erastin in these two cell types are statistically identical to each other and identical to oxidative glutamate toxicity in neurons, where death is also mediated via inhibition of Xc−cystine transport. Together, these studies identify HDACs inhibitors as a novel class of agents to augment tumor suppression by ferroptosis induction and to minimize neuronal toxicity that could manifest as peripheral neuropathy or chemo brain.
Vesicular GABA Transporter Is Necessary for Transplant-Induced Critical Period Plasticity in Mouse Visual Cortex
Authors: Priya Rashi , Rakela Benjamin , Kaneko Megumi , Spatazza Julien , Larimer Philip , Hoseini Mahmood S. , Hasenstaub Andrea R. , Alvarez-Buylla Arturo , Stryker Michael P.
Published: January 2019

The maturation of GABAergic inhibitory circuits is necessary for the onset of the critical period for ocular dominance plasticity (ODP) in the postnatal visual cortex (Hensch, 2005; Espinosa and Stryker, 2012). When it is deficient, the critical period does not start. When inhibitory maturation or signaling is precocious, it induces a precocious critical period. Heterochronic transplantation of GABAergic interneuron precursors derived from the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) can induce a second period of functional plasticity in the visual cortex (Southwell et al., 2010). Although the timing of MGE transplantation-induced plasticity is dictated by the maturation of the transplanted cells, its mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we sought to test the effect of blocking vesicular GABA loading and subsequent release by transplanted interneurons on the ability to migrate, integrate, and induce plasticity in the host circuitry. We show that MGE cells taken from male and female donors that lack vesicular GABA transporter (Vgat) expression disperse and differentiate into somatostatin- and parvalbumin-expressing interneurons upon heterochronic transplantation in the postnatal mouse cortex. Although transplantedVgatmutant interneurons come to express mature interneuron markers and display electrophysiological properties similar to those of control cells, their morphology is significantly more complex. Significantly,Vgatmutant MGE transplants fail to induce ODP, demonstrating the pivotal role of vesicular GABAergic transmission for MGE transplantation-induced plasticity in the postnatal mouse visual cortex.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTEmbryonic inhibitory neurons thrive when transplanted into postnatal brains, migrating and differentiating in the host as they would have done if left in the donor. Once integrated into the host, these new neurons can have profound effects. For example, in the visual cortex, such neurons induce a second critical period of activity-dependent plasticity when they reach the appropriate stage of development. The cellular mechanism by which these transplanted GABAergic interneurons induce plasticity is unknown. Here, we show that transplanted interneurons that are unable to fill synaptic vesicles with GABA migrate and integrate into the host circuit, but they do not induce a second period of plasticity. These data suggest a role for the vesicular GABA transporter in transplantation-mediated plasticity.
Finding Religion, Spirituality, and Flow in Movement
Authors: Roberts Martha Smith , Gray-Hildenbrand Jenna
Published: January 2019

“Moving the body is like religion and moving my body is the portal to that place.” This is one woman’s description of her practice of hoop dancing, a form of hula hooping that combines adult sized hoops and dance music. Her experience is not unique; in fact, the number of descriptions of hooping as a practice that is “like religion” serves as the basis of our research. In this essay, we examine the connection between embodied experiences in the hoop, the identification of those experiences as religious or spiritual, and the communities that are created as hoopers attempt to continually recapture the experiences (of flow) that they deem extraordinary. New religions studies is a field interested in the emergence of new religious paths, and our contribution to this academic discourse is in the form of an ethnography of value of the hoop community as an emerging religious path. Our work attempts to reconceptualize newness in the field through innovations in the hoop community. We examine the ways hoopers deem transformational experiences within the hoop as spiritual or religious and how they construct paths to truth and authenticity through embodied practice. These new religious movements are not institutional nor are they tied to formal creeds; rather, they reflect the ways in which religion has become a category of experience that can create meaningful communities of practice for individuals.
Aspectos que afectan la gestión del talento humano en el sector construcción en Colombia
Authors: Torres Nova Edward Yecid
Published: January 2019

El objetivo de este trabajo es describir las principales problemáticas relacionadas con la gestión del talento humano que se presentan en las diferentes obras de construcción en Colombia, para lo cual se aplicó un instrumento de investigación (encuesta) a profesionales expertos en administración de personal en obras y construcciones civiles, que se encontraban en diferentes partes del territorio nacional. Dicho estudio se llevó a cabo en el año 2016 gracias al apoyo de estudiantes de la Tecnología en Gestión de Obras Civiles que ofrece una universidad pública y con mediación virtual de Colombia. La importancia del trabajo se centra en exponer los principales aspectos que la empresa constructora debe tener en cuenta en aras de aumentar niveles de calidad de vida y bienestar de los operarios que se desempeñan en el sector construcción con el fin de aumentar niveles de productividad. Como resultado del estudio, se encontraron algunos aspectos que son proclives a la mejora. Finalmente, se hacen sugerencias que podrían servir a líderes de personal de obras de construcción.
Siglo XXI economía de la información: gestión del conocimiento y Business Intelligence, el camino a seguir hacia la competitividad
Authors: Mora Guillermina
Published: January 2019

En este artículo se muestra una breve perspectiva sobre la línea del tiempo entre la gestión del conocimiento y lo que hoy en día se conoce como Business Intelligence, donde las tecnologías de la información tienen un papel protagónico dentro del establecimiento de una nueva ventaja competitiva en las organizaciones, estrategia que les permitirá reflejar su competitividad ante un entorno cambiante. La metodología utilizada para considerar las opiniones expuestas fue la búsqueda de artículos de gestión del conocimiento y Business Intelligence con un enfoque de gestión en función de la competitividad de la empresa, en fuentes arbitradas como Google Académico, Scielo, EBSCO y Elsevier. Se presentan algunas reflexiones sobre las implicaciones que tiene la gestión del conocimiento como parte inherente de las organizaciones de la era posindustrial y con una fuerte necesidad de responder a los retos que demanda la sociedad actual. Esta nueva forma de hacer negocios dicta cambios importantes a realizar en las instituciones, empezando siempre por el elemento clave de estas: su talento humano
Struktūros ir veikėjo santykis diskurso analizėje
Authors: Girkontaitė Agnė
Published: January 2019

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English]

Discourse analysis in Lithuania, despite being a popular research strategy, lacks clarity and precision in methodological choices. It is quite common to use Foucault’s approach while discussing discourse, but it leads to an overemphasis on structure and ignores agency. However, there is no issue if this position is reflected. That is why it is important to understand the variety of the possible positions in the dialectics of structure-agency within discourse analysis. They are summarized here within a continuum that rests between an emphasis on structure and an emphasis on agency, and which is divided as follows: (1) being concerned exclusively with the structure of discourse without any attention to the agent; (2) being concerned with discourse structure as something that lies “beyond,” where agents are more or less seen as the passive carriers of a discursive order with almost no possibility of agency; (3) the discourse and agent being seen as taking part in a balanced dialectical relationship, influencing each other; (4) the agent being seen as dependent on structure to some extent, but also as the one with the power or the one who should be empowered; (5) the center of an analysis being the practices of the actors, not the discourse in particular. This classification explains the specific epistemological and methodological strategies based in specific areas of the social sciences and the humanities. When reflected, these strategies help to understand what position on the role of agency is taken in a particular discourse analysis.