bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cutaneous Oncology: Strategies for Melanoma Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy
Authors: Saeed Wajeeha , Shahbaz Esha , Maqsood Quratulain , Ali Shinawar Waseem , Mahnoor Muhammada
Published: August 2024

Skin cancer comprises one-third of all diagnosed cancer cases and remains a major health concern. Genetic and environmental parameters serve as the two main risk factors associated with the development of skin cancer, with ultraviolet radiation being the most common environmental risk factor. Studies have also found fair complexion, arsenic toxicity, indoor tanning, and family history among the prevailing causes of skin cancer. Prevention and early diagnosis play a crucial role in reducing the frequency and ensuring effective management of skin cancer. Recent studies have focused on exploring minimally invasive or non-invasive diagnostic technologies along with artificial intelligence to facilitate rapid and accurate diagnosis. The treatment of skin cancer ranges from traditional surgical excision to various advanced methods such as phototherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and combination therapy. Recent studies have focused on immunotherapy, with the introduction of new checkpoint inhibitors and personalized immunotherapy enhancing treatment efficacy. Advancements in multi-omics, nanotechnology, and artificial intelligence have further deepened the understanding of the mechanisms underlying tumoral growth and their interaction with therapeutic effects, which has paved the way for precision oncology. This review aims to highlight the recent advancements in the understanding and management of skin cancer, and provide an overview of existing and emerging diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic modalities, while highlighting areas that require further research to bridge the existing knowledge gaps.
Evaluation of the trade-off between variety, processing, and low-GI claim in ready-to-eat rice
Authors: Cabral Diva , Fonseca Susana C , Rocha Célia , Moura Ana P , Oliveira Jorge C , Cunha Luís M
Published: August 2024

An increasing number of consumers demand healthier, more convenient, and sustainable food products, including rice, a staple worldwide. Food manufacturers have responded to this trend by considering food’s intrinsic and extrinsic aspects. This study evaluated the importance of variety, processing, and claims on willingness to try ready-to-eat rice (RTE-rice). It also analyses the influence of consumer attitudes on the importance of attributes and willingness to try. The results showed that processing significantly influenced willingness to try RTE-rice, revealing consumers’ greater preference for whole grain than milled rice with added bran. Claims had the least relevant importance. However, low glycaemic index had a positive impact, indicating its potential to influence consumer purchasing attitudes and promote healthier rice consumption. Additionally, three groups were created based on attitudinal factors. Naturalness-oriented and convenience-oriented groups were more likely to try RTE-rice. However, the reasons that motivate them may be different; this latter could be the ease of the service offered, while for the group focused on naturalness, they may have perceived through the ingredients and claimed that the product, despite being convenient, can bring benefits, thus perceiving them as natural.
Public Mass Murder, Suicidality, and the “Final Act Mindset”: A Research Note
Authors: Silver James
Published: August 2024

Researchers of public mass murder have identified a growing list of correlates and relevant criminological theories but have not fully appreciated a previously identified and unusual characteristic of these events—offenders rarely make any effort to escape the scene of their attack, either dying there by suicide (or at the hands of others) or accepting that the attack is their “final act” in society and that they will be arrested and die in prison. Although these outcomes objectively differ, in at least one way they can be considered functionally equivalent—each extinguishes the offender’s existing life. This nearly universal characteristic appears worthy of increased research attention. One potential avenue for future efforts rests on a leading theory of suicide—The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide—according to which suicidality precedes and underlies all murder-suicides. Consideration of this theory points to potential avenues for reassessing known correlates and existing theoretical work.
Citizen journalism under pressure: The case of Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines
Authors: Prawira Indra , Mahamed Mastura
Published: August 2024

Citizen journalism was perceived to be a beacon of hope for democracy throughout countries in Southeast Asia. Nonetheless, recnt developments indicate citizen journalism in the region is being challenged. This research exploits Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory to understand contemporary Southeast Asian citizen journalism. The data was collected by way of semi-structured interviews conducted with thirty people participating in citizen journalism from Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. The findings demonstrate prevalent economic, political, and cultural pressures in these countries, with political factors exerting the most pressure on the rise of citizen journalism. All three nations experience political pressure via regulations, with the Philippines being subjected to the most pressure due to extrajudicial killings and the intimidation of journalists. Owing to financial constraints, citizen journalism acts as a venue for mainstream media to obtain free content from citizen journalists. Citizen journalists in Indonesia earn significant incomes, although professional journalists covertly adopt their posts. Cultural pressure capital is exhibited when journalists apply ethical journalism to citizen journalists by means of training. Moreover, in the Philippines, citizen journalism is commonly positioned by government-supporting politicians to disinform. This study delivers an extensive and comparative overview, strengthening the case to update field theory.
Coordination and compromise across competing economies of worth
Authors: Yang Ye (Nicole) , Ozanne Julie L
Published: August 2024

This study examines how consumers coordinate temporary access of their private homes in a home swapping market in which different guiding principles compete. Drawing on the theory of justification, we find consumers strategically use objects to stabilise the different economies of worth that govern this access-based marketplace. Three economies of worth, domestic, civic, and market, are stabilised in homes signalling to visitors how to coordinate their use of the home. Moreover, consumers facilitate the coexistence of all three economies of worth by managing justifiable and object-led compromises. Our findings contribute to understanding that the peaceful coexistence of economies of worth occurs through stabilising objects that guide both coordination and compromises. Our findings extend the current explanations of why markets with plural institutional logics are often conflictual, fragile, and unstable. We also propose theoretical and managerial implications on the strategic use of objects to support a diverse but stable market.
Monitoring data motivated health condition assessment of cement concrete pavements in field based on FBG sensing technology
Authors: Wang Hua-Ping , Wu Yi-Bin , Zhang Chao , Xiang Ping
Published: August 2024

Health condition of cement concrete pavements in field is difficult to characterize due to the random action of traffic loads and environmental variations. It is also difficult to accurately get the deformation merely based on theoretical or simulation analysis, for the heterogeneous material and complicated interfacial bonding properties of multilayered concrete pavements. Therefore, in situ health monitoring is particularly significant for structural condition assessment. To contribute this topic, improved fiber Bragg grating sensors have been designed and embedded in the two-layered pavement to measure the strain, deformation, and temperature. Deformation information of the cement concrete pavement under environmental action in about 3 years has been analyzed. Data analysis indicates that the longitudinal and transverse deformations of the pavement have behaved in nonuniform distribution, and local points suffered from the large tensile strains. The vertical measurement data declared that local interfacial micro void defects existed in the soil base and kept stable during the following 3 years. The temperature variation inside the pavement was highly correlated with the environmental temperature, and the variation amplitude was relatively smaller than the environmental temperatures, with the maximum amplitude smaller than 4°C. The load and temperature transfer principles in different layers have also been checked. Generally, the monitoring data in field from the year 2020 to year 2023 have declared that the concrete pavement has good performance to resist the combined action of traffic loads and environmental temperatures. The study can help to understand the actual structural performance of cement concrete pavements in field based on the optical fiber sensing system.
Untangling light in noisy luminous environments
Authors: Martinsons C , Picard N
Published: August 2024

Electric light sources, including displays and luminaires, often exhibit rapid light fluctuations called temporal light modulation (TLM). TLM can be seen as their electrical footprint. This work demonstrates that TLM can be remotely detected and used to perform in situ photometric and spectroradiometric measurements of very low light levels superimposed to intense backgrounds. Illuminance levels about 500 000 times smaller than the background were reliably measured by lock-in detection, allowing photometric measurements to be performed during daytime, even with sunny conditions. Using a new type of optical lock-in spectrometer, it becomes possible to retrieve spectral quantities through the TLM of the light source. The spectral distribution of an LED lamp was measured against a daylit background more than 1500 times brighter. Lock-in detection is an excellent technique to perform in situ measurements of electric light, even at very low level, in the presence of daylight and other background lights, opening interesting opportunities to characterize anthropogenic light pollution.
Superficial Dosimetry Study of the Frequency of Bolus Using in Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy after Modified Radical Mastectomy
Authors: Tian Lingling , Mao Ronghu , Li Dingjie , Guo Wei , Li Bing , Lou Zhaoyang , Guo Leiming
Published: August 2024

Objective

To investigate the effect of various frequencies of bolus use on the superficial dose of volumetric modulated arc therapy after modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer.

Methods

Based on the computed tomography images of a female anthropomorphic breast phantom, a 0.5 cm silicone-based 3D-printed bolus was created. Nine points evenly distributed on the breast skin were selected for assessing the skin dose, and a volume of subcutaneous lymphatic drainage of the breast (noted as ROI2-3) was delineated for assessing the chest wall dose. The treatment plans with and without bolus (plan_wb and plan_nb) were separately designed using the prescription of 50 Gy in 25 fractions following the standard dose constraints of the adjacent organ at risk. To characterize the accuracy of treatment planning system (TPS) dose calculations, the doses of the nine points were measured five times by thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLDs) and then were compared with the TPS calculated dose.

Results

Compared with Plan_nb (144.46 ± 10.32 cGy), the breast skin dose for plan_wb (208.75 ± 4.55 cGy) was significantly increased (t = −18.56, P < 0.001). The deviation of skin dose was smaller for Plan_wb, and the uniformity was significantly improved. The calculated value of TPS was in good agreement with the measured value of TLD, and the maximum deviation was within 5%. Skin and ROI2-3 doses were significantly increased with increasing frequencies of bolus applications. The mean dose of the breast skin and ROI2-3 for 15 and 23 times bolus applications were 45.33 Gy, 50.88 Gy and 50.36 Gy, 52.39 Gy, respectively.

Conclusion

3D printing bolus can improve the radiation dose and the accuracy of the planned dose. Setting Plan_wb to 15 times for T1-3N+ breast cancer patients and 23 times for T4N+ breast cancer patients can meet the clinical need. Quantitative analysis of the bolus application frequency for different tumor stages can provide a reference for clinical practice.
Most Significant Change Approach: A Guide to Assess the Programmatic Effects
Authors: Sharma Mohan K. , Khanal Shanti P. , van Teijlingen Edwin
Published: August 2024

There are many different methods or approaches that can be applied to the evaluation of complex programmes. This paper describes the use of the Most Significant Change (MSC) participatory technique to monitor and evaluate programmatic effects. The MSC is a form of monitoring because it occurs throughout the programme cycle and provides information to manage it. Further, MSC is an evaluation because it provides stories from which programmes’ overall impact can be assessed. However, MSC, a participatory evaluation technique using qualitative approaches, is neglected by many researchers. We hope this study will convince relevant funders and evaluators of the value of the MSC technique and application. This paper offered step-by-step guidelines on how to use the MSC technique when evaluating a large-scale intervention covering perspectives of different beneficiaries within a limited period. The MSC process involves purposively selecting the beneficiaries, collecting the Most Significant (MS) stories, which are then systematically analysed by designated stakeholders and or implemented partners, selected through internal vetting, and external process by involving beneficiaries and stakeholders. The central question focuses on changes in the form of stories such as ‘Who did what?’; ‘When did the change occur?’; and ‘What was the process?’ Additionally, it seeks feedback to explain why particular a story was selected as MS and how the selection process was organised. The MSC technique further attempts to verify the validity, significant, relevant, sustainability of the change, and impact on marginalized or Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) groups brought by the programme. Furthermore, the technique seeks verification of the MS story by triangulating comprehensive notes and recordings.
Memorial museums and burial sites: Rwanda’s unfinished memory work
Authors: de Beer Anna-Marie , Wolfe Stephanie , Ndizeye Omar
Published: August 2024

Memorialisation of those who died during the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi has been an ongoing concern for both the Rwandan and non-Rwandan communities. The majority of the existing memorials were initially constructed by survivors supported by the local community, administration and other partners in response to the urgent need to bury the bodies of genocide victims. These sites have transformed over the years as memorial policies have codified and evolved. Memorial museums reflect the growing tendency of viewing trauma sites as artistic, interactive spaces that engage with those who visit them. This article examines the aesthetics of memory in three memorial museums situated in Rwanda’s western province: Bisesero, Gatwaro and Ngoma. It reflects on the work of the Rwandan architect Vedaste Ngarambe and his contribution as a local voice by considering how the architect’s aesthetic design choices reflect not only stories of the massacres that unfolded at the three sites but also the mourning culture of the community in which they are located.
Sex Differences in Mental Health Symptoms in Elite Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kew Michelle E. , Dave Udit , Marmor William , Olsen Reena , Jivanelli Bridget , Tsai Sung Huang Laurent , Kuo Liang-Tseng , Ling Daphne I.
Published: August 2024

Context:

Mental health is a growing area of concern for elite athletes.

Objective:

To determine the sex differences in mental health symptoms in elite athletes.

Data Sources:

PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were used.

Study Selection:

Included studies included comparisons of mental health symptoms of athletes by sex.

Study Design:

Systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the PRISMA guidelines.

Level of Evidence:

Level 2a.

Data Extraction:

The rate ratio (RR) was calculated as the rates in female and male athletes. Data were pooled using a random-effects model.

Results:

Of 1945 articles identified, 60 articles were included. Male athletes reported higher alcohol misuse (RR, 0.74; CI, 0.68-0.80), illicit drug abuse (RR, 0.82; CI, 0.75-0.89), and gambling problems (RR, 0.14; CI, 0.08-0.25). Female athletes reported higher overall anxiety (RR, 1.17; CI, 1.08-1.27), depression (RR, 1.42; CI, 1.31-1.54), distress (RR, 1.98; CI, 1.40-2.81), and disordered eating (RR, 2.19; CI, 1.58-3.02). Sleep disturbances were reported at similar rates in male and female athletes (RR, 1.13; CI, 0.98-1.30).

Conclusion:

Female and male athletes have significant differences in reported mental health symptoms. Female athletes are more likely to report anxiety, depression, distress, and disordered eating, while male athletes report more alcohol misuse, illicit drug abuse, and gambling. Monitoring and evaluation of mental health is a necessary part of any sport, including access to resources. Longitudinal studies following athletes over time to determine the development and causation for mental health symptoms should be included in future research directions.
A 3-month-old male infant with Goldenhar syndrome: A clinical case report from Woldia, Northeast Ethiopia
Authors: Lingerew Animaw , Abebe Melese Shenkut , Alene Tilahun Dessie , Wale Kindye , Anbes Yismaw Andargie , Wondimagegn Zeru Seyoum
Published: August 2024

Goldenhar syndrome is a multifactorial congenital anomaly that involves structures that develop from the first and second pharyngeal arches. In this report, we present a clinical case of a 3-month-old male infant diagnosed with Goldenhar syndrome, born to a known retro-viral infected mother who was receiving antiretroviral therapy. The baby was brought to the hospital with complaints related to upper respiratory system. On examination, he had typical signs and symptoms of Goldenhar syndrome: an asymmetrical face with small left facial bones, a low-set ear, left anophthalmia, an atretic left ear with only small ear appendages, and a complete cleft lip and palate. His family had no history of birth defects or exposure to the known causes of birth defects. The baby was treated for severe community-acquired pneumonia, the diagnosis for his current presentation to our hospital, and he is now on multidisciplinary follow-up for possible medical and surgical management of the Goldenhar syndrome.
Gendered Affordances of Digital Technology in Mitigating the Perceived Risk of Dating App Matches Perpetrating Sexual Assault or “Making Stories” of Assault
Authors: Kettrey Heather Hensman , Nwajei Monika , Quinn Summer , Leslie Madison , Paradise Elizabeth , Wishon Devyn
Published: August 2024

Dating apps are a popular tool for finding sexual and romantic partners. Yet, these apps can pose risks that arise from gendered affordances of technology that users deploy to harass and victimize their matches, particularly matches who are women or sexual and gender minorities. Just as gendered affordances may facilitate risks, dating app users may also deploy technology in ways that mitigate risk. In this study, we examined risks that men and women perceive dating app matches to pose, as well as ways in which they use technology to mitigate these risks. Through an analysis of focus groups conducted with a sample of college student dating app users, we found the perceived risks that matches pose were markedly different for men and women, particularly among those seeking mixed-gender pairings. Women who matched with men were concerned about being sexually assaulted, whereas men who matched with women were concerned about being falsely accused of assault. Thus, women used gendered affordances to enhance their safety, and men used affordances to enhance their “believability.” We suggest our findings point to the positional and interactional nature of gendered affordances, encompassing ways in which gender inequality may be both maintained and subverted with digital technology.
Association Between Non-spinal Comorbid Medical Conditions and Neuropathic Low Back Pain. – A Further Unravelling of Pain Complexities in the Context of Back Pain
Authors: Sima Stone , Lapkin Samuel , Gan Zachary , Diwan Ashish D.
Published: August 2024

Study Design

Prospective cohort study.

Objective

Understanding the complex nature of low back pain (LBP) is crucial for effective management. The PainDETECT questionnaire is a tool that distinguishes between neuropathic (NeP) and nociceptive (NoP) low back pain. Traditionally NeP and NoP have been primarily attributed to patho-anatomical abnormalities within the lumbar spine. However, increasing evidence points to multifaceted involvement, encompassing a range of physical, biomechanical, chemical, and psychosocial factors. The study aimed to determine the independent relationship between NeP as assessed by the PainDETECT questionnaire and non-spinal comorbid medical conditions.

Methods

A prospective cohort study was conducted involving 400 patients suffering from chronic LBP (>6months), aged >18 years, who complete the PainDETECT questionnaire and provided responses regarding the presence of any comorbid conditions. A binary logistic regression model was used to analyse the confounding status of comorbid medical conditions and pain severity measured by NRS to determine independent relationships between specific conditions and neuropathic pain.

Results

The study included 143 and 257 patients suffering from NeP and NoP, respectively. The NeP group had a 38% higher mean numerical rating scale score compared to the NoP group (8.10 [Formula: see text] 1.55 vs 5.86[Formula: see text] 2.26, P < 0.001). The odds of developing NeP were 2.9 Exp(B) = 2.844, 95%C.I. [1.426-5.670], P < 0.01), 2.7 (Exp(B) = 2.726, 95%C.I. [1.183-6.283], P < 0.05) and 2.8 (Exp(B) = 2.847, 95%C.I. [1.473-5.503], P < 0.05) times higher in patients suffering from gastrointestinal conditions, rheumatoid arthritis, and depression, respectively.

Conclusion

NeP as determined by the PainDETECT questionnaire, is associated with gastrointestinal conditions, rheumatoid arthritis, and depression. This pioneering study has shed light on the potential involvement of the gut microbiome as a common factor connecting non-spinal comorbidities and NeP. These findings underscore the importance of formulating personalized management plans tailored to individual pain and medical profiles, rather than relying on a blanket approach to pain management.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Stress and Coping Strategies of Nursing Students During Clinical Practice in School of Nursing, Wachemo University, Ethiopia
Authors: Ezo Elias , Zekiwos Asnakech , Mezgebu Taye , Admasu Senteyehu , Birhanu Bethelhem , Ossabo Getachew , Nigusu Elias , Girma Awoke , Wondala Selamawit , Abdella Jabir , Lamesa Dinka , Teketel Meskerem , Gezimu Wubishet , Sahle Tadesse , Awgchew Seife
Published: August 2024

Background

The current professional nursing education program adopts various great attention for clinical practice to supply nursing students.

Objective

To assess the prevalence and associated factors of stress and coping strategies of nursing students during clinical practice in the school of nursing, Wachemo University, Ethiopia, 2024.

Methods

A facility-based cross-sectional design study was conducted between January 1 and 12/2024. The total number of students was 421. Data were collected using the validated tool and entered using Epi-data Version 3.1 and exported to SPSS Version 25 for analysis. Binary logistic regression was done, and variables with a p-value of <.05 were taken into the multivariable analysis. Statistically significant was declared at a p-value of <.05 with AOR and 95% CI.

Result

The prevalence of stress and coping strategies was 58.4% with 95% CI [53.6–62.8] and 52.0% with 95% CI [47.3–56.5] respectively. Male gender, private regular, and instructor guide were significantly associated with stress. Age group 19–24 years, having low grades, living in a university dorm, clinical staff guiding, instructor guiding, and asking unclear issues were significantly associated with coping strategies.

Conclusion

About six in ten nursing students have stress. Being male gender, being a private, living with families, and instructor guide are significantly associated with stress. Therefore, managing gender-related issues, attending regular programs, living in a university dorm, and guiding the students might reduce the burden of stress during clinical practice. About five in ten nursing students have good coping strategies. Being age group of lower years old, having low grades, living in a university dorm, clinical staff guiding, instructor guiding, and asking the instructor about unclear issues were significantly associated with coping strategies. Therefore, improving grades, living in a university dorm, clinical staff and instructor guidance, and asking about unclear issues might enhance coping strategies.
Registered Nurses’ Knowledge of Intravenous Fluid Therapy at a Teaching Hospital in Namibia: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Tomas Nestor , Kamati Luise Ndiwakalunga
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Insufficient knowledge of intravenous fluid therapy is a significant challenge contributing to morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Nurses play a critical role in evaluating patients’ fluid and electrolyte balance as well as in restoring fluid levels. Various studies have indicated a deficiency in nurses’ knowledge of intravenous therapy, yet this remains understudied in many settings, including Namibia.

Objectives

To assess nurses’ knowledge of intravenous fluid therapy and to describe the variables associated with knowledge of intravenous fluid therapy at a teaching hospital in Namibia.

Methods

A cross-sectional online survey involving 164 nurses who were recruited using total population sampling. Data were collected between September and November 2021, using a self-administered 14-item validated tool (α = 0.8). Data analysis was conducted using SPSSv28.0 software.

Results

The majority of nurses (84%) in this study exhibited an insufficient level of knowledge regarding intravenous therapy, with only a minority (16%) demonstrating a moderately adequate understanding of intravenous fluid therapy. A significant positive correlation was found between educational qualification and knowledge of intravenous therapy ( r = 0.21; p = .01).

Conclusion

The study's results indicate a worrying trajectory in nurses’ knowledge of intravenous therapy. These findings underscore the need for hospitals to establish comprehensive training programs for nurses to guarantee the provision of secure and efficient intravenous therapy. Additional research is needed to investigate how educational qualifications impact patient outcomes related to intravenous therapy.
Untouchability-Induced Migration in India: Exploring the Trajectory of Scheduled Caste Migrants
Authors: Munda Jadab , Adhikary Mihir , Saha Amiya
Published: August 2024

This study explores the association between the untouchability experiences in households and the migration status of India’s Scheduled Caste community. Utilizing descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression models, this study analyses migration determinants that are induced by untouchability. The findings indicate that households experiencing untouchability are twice as likely to migrate (uOR = 2.03, CI = 1.71–2.42). Even after adjusting for socio-economic and regional factors in the regression model, the higher odds persist at 1.5 times higher (aOR = 1.51, CI = 1.15–1.98). Uttar Pradesh (21.94%), Rajasthan (12.61%) and Madhya Pradesh (9.81%) exhibit the highest untouchability rates. Madhya Pradesh (33.65%) records the highest migration rate due to untouchability, followed by Rajasthan (18.01%), Uttar Pradesh (9%) and Bihar (9%). This study underscores a noteworthy disparity in migration patterns between those experiencing untouchability and those who do not. Addressing untouchability is essential for mitigating its profound effects on migration, socio-economic mobility and community dynamics, promoting a more inclusive and equitable society.
Relationship Between the Flexion Torque of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint and Intrinsic Foot Muscles Depends on the Ankle Joint Position
Authors: Otani Ryo , Nishikawa Hideo , Saeki Junya , Nakamura Masatoshi
Published: August 2024

Background:

Clinicians and researchers are beginning to pay attention to the importance of the intrinsic foot muscles (IFMs). Among IFMs, the abductor hallucis (AbH) is associated with foot disorders. However, so far no method for assessing the strength of the AbH has been established. In addition, previous studies have shown increased IFM activity in the plantarflexed position of the ankle. Therefore, this study tests the hypothesis that a correlation will be found between the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the AbH and the flexion torque and that the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint would be stronger in the plantarflexed (PF) position of the ankle joint than in the neutral (N) position.

Methods:

Eight male and 8 female patients (16 lower limbs) were included in this study to measure the CSA of IFM and the extrinsic foot muscles of the lower leg. Furthermore, the flexion torque of the first MTP joint was measured using a handheld dynamometer at the N and PF positions of the ankle joint. Correlation analysis was performed to examine the relationship between the CSA of each muscle and the flexion torque of the first MTP joint in the N and PF positions.

Results:

In the N position, a correlation was found between the flexion torque of the first MTP joint and the CSA of the AbH ( r = 0.818), flexor hallucis brevis ( r = 0.730), and flexor hallucis longus ( r = 0.726). In the PF position, a correlation was found between the flexion torque of the first MTP joint and the CSA of the AbH ( r = 0.863) and flexor hallucis brevis ( r = 0.680). ( P < .05)

Conclusion:

Overall, this study suggested that by measuring flexion torque of the first MTP joint in the PF position, AbH strength can be estimated without using any expensive equipment.

Level of Evidence:

Level V, mechanism-baced reasoning.
Park Space, Movement and Equity: Support of Physical Activity per Square Foot by Park Features
Authors: Cohen Deborah A. , Han Bing , Eng Sarah , Williamson Stephanie , Talarowski Meghan , McKenzie Thomas L. , Young Deborah R.
Published: August 2024

Given the finite space available for parks in most urban areas, understanding the impact of design and park amenities on park visitation and physical activity should be considered when remodeling or creating new parks. This study analyzed park use and engagement in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in specific park amenities across 198 parks in 27 US cities from the 2016 National Study of Neighborhood Parks based on each feature’s square footage. The study also specifically measured use of park space by age group and gender. After mapping the parks, measuring the square feet of the most common amenities and controlling for factors like population density, neighborhood poverty levels, and park size, we found varied and inequitable use of amenities by age and gender, with men and boys having considerably greater use than women and girls. The findings suggest that park management and design should support more efficient, equitable, and beneficial use of public spaces.
Platelet Ido1 expression is induced during Plasmodium yoelii infection, altering plasma tryptophan metabolites
Authors: Blick-Nitko Sara K. , Ture Sara K. , Schafer Xenia L. , Munger Joshua C. , Livada Alison C. , Li Chen , Maurya Preeti , Rondina Matthew T. , Morrell Craig N.
Published: August 2024

Platelets are immune responsive in many diseases as noted by changes in platelet messenger RNA in conditions such as sepsis, atherosclerosis, COVID-19, and many other inflammatory and infectious etiologies. The malaria causing Plasmodium parasite is a persistent public health threat and significant evidence shows that platelets participate in host responses to infection. Using a mouse model of nonlethal/uncomplicated malaria, non-lethal Plasmodium yoelii strain XNL (PyNL)-infected but not control mouse platelets expressed Ido1, a rate limiting enzyme in tryptophan metabolism that increases kynurenine at the expense of serotonin. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is a potent inducer of Ido1 and mice treated with recombinant IFN-γ had increased platelet Ido1 and IDO1 activity. PyNL-infected mice treated with anti-IFN-γ antibody had similar platelet Ido1 and metabolic profiles to that of uninfected controls. PyNL-infected mice become thrombocytopenic by day 7 after infection and transfusion of platelets from IFN-γ–treated wild-type mice but not Ido1−/− mice increased the plasma kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio, indicating that platelets are a source of postinfection IDO1 activity. We generated platelet-specific Ido1 knockout mice to assess the contribution of platelet Ido1 during PyNL infection. Platelet-specific Ido1−/− mice had increased death and evidence of lung thrombi, which were not present in infected wild-type mice. Platelet Ido1 may be a significant contributor to plasma kynurenine in IFN-γ-driven immune processes and the loss of platelets may limit total Ido1, leading to immune and vascular dysfunction.
Multi-regulatory potency of USP1 on inflammasome components promotes pyroptosis in thyroid follicular cells and contributes to the progression of Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Authors: Zhao Xuying , Ni Wenyu , Zheng Wenjie , Ni Wenkai , Sun Chunfeng , Gu Yunjuan , Gu Zhifeng
Published: August 2024

Background

Inflammatory diseases are often initiated by the activation of inflammasomes triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which mediate pyroptosis. Although pyroptosis resulting from aberrant inflammasome triggering in thyroid follicular cells (TFCs) has been observed in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) patients, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Given the extensive involvement of protein ubiquitination and deubiquitination in inflammatory diseases, we aimed to investigate how deubiquitinating enzymes regulate thyroid follicular cell pyroptosis and HT pathogenesis.

Methods

Our study specifically investigated the role of Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 1 (USP1), a deubiquitinase (DUB), in regulating the inflammasome components NLRP3 and AIM2, which are crucial in pyroptosis. We conducted a series of experiments to elucidate the function of USP1 in promoting pyroptosis associated with inflammasomes and the progression of HT. These experiments involved techniques such as USP1 knockdown or inhibition, measurement of key pyroptosis indicators including caspase-1, caspase-1 p20, and GSDMD-N, and examination of the effects of USP1 abrogation on HT using a mouse model. Furthermore, we explored the impact of USP1 on NLRP3 transcription and its potential interaction with p65 nuclear transportation.

Results

Our findings provide compelling evidence indicating that USP1 plays a pivotal role in promoting inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis and HT progression by stabilizing NLRP3 and AIM2 through deubiquitination. Furthermore, we discovered that USP1 modulates the transcription of NLRP3 by facilitating p65 nuclear transportation. Knockdown or inhibition of USP1 resulted in weakened cell pyroptosis, as evidenced by reduced levels of caspase-1 p20 and GSDMD-N, which could be restored upon AIM2 overexpression. Remarkably, USP1 abrogation significantly ameliorated HT in the mice model, likely to that treating mice with pyroptosis inhibitors VX-765 and disulfiram.

Conclusions

Our study highlights a regulatory mechanism of USP1 on inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in TFCs during HT pathogenesis. These findings expand our understanding of HT and suggest that inhibiting USP1 may be a potential treatment strategy for managing HT.
Chemical changes of polysaccharides in heat-treated European beech wood
Authors: Gašparík Miroslav , Zeidler Aleš , Výbohová Eva , Kačíková Danica , Kačík František
Published: August 2024

This work deals with the influence of different heat treatment temperatures (140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, and 210 °C) on changes in sapwood and red heartwood of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). According to the results of wet chemistry methods, HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), SEC (size exclusion chromatography), the wood constituents in sapwood and red heartwood behaved similarly to heat treatment, but the individual proportions were different. The loss of hemicelluloses and the increase in extractives with increasing temperature were more pronounced in sapwood. The amount of cellulose in sapwood and red heartwood showed similar behaviour with increasing temperature. Thermal treatment causes changes in cellulose crystallinity, and the formation of aromatic structures, mainly in beech sapwood. However, the increase in the lignin content of red heartwood was significantly lower than that of sapwood due to its auto condensation, and formation of pseudo-lignin. Among the carbohydrates, the most significant changes were observed in xylose content, which was almost twice as high in red heartwood as in sapwood. Other carbohydrates (glucose, mannose, galactose, and arabinose) reached similar values in sapwood and red heartwood.
Global, regional, and national burden and trends of migraine among youths and young adults aged 15–39 years from 1990 to 2021: findings from the global burden of disease study 2021
Authors: Chen Zhi-feng , Kong Xiang-meng , Yang Cheng-hao , Li Xin-yu , Guo Hong , Wang Zhao-wei
Published: August 2024

Background

Migraine, a widespread neurological condition, substantially affects the quality of life, particularly for adolescents and young adults. While its impact is significant, there remains a paucity of comprehensive global research on the burden of migraine in younger demographics. Our study sought to elucidate the global prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) associated with migraine in the 15–39 age group from 1990 to 2021, utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study.

Methods

Our comprehensive study analyzed migraine data from the GBD 2021 report, examining the prevalence, incidence, and DALYs across 204 countries and territories over a 32-year span. We stratified the information by age, sex, year, geographical region, and Socio-demographic Index (SDI). To evaluate temporal trends in these metrics, we employed the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) calculation.

Results

Between 1990 and 2021, the worldwide prevalence of migraine among 15–39 year-olds increased substantially. By 2021, an estimated 593.8 million cases were reported, representing a 39.52% rise from 425.6 million cases in 1990. Global trends showed increases in age-standardized prevalence rate, incidence rate, and DALY rate for migraine during this period. The EAPC were positive for all three metrics: 0.09 for ASPR, 0.03 for ASIR, and 0.09 for DALY rate. Regions with medium SDI reported the highest absolute numbers of prevalent cases, incident cases, and DALYs in 2021. However, high SDI regions demonstrated the most elevated rates overall. Across the globe, migraine prevalence peaked in the 35–39 age group. Notably, female rates consistently exceeded male rates across all age categories.

Conclusion

The global impact of migraine on youths and young adults has grown considerably from 1990 to 2021, revealing notable variations across SDI regions, countries, age groups, and sexes. This escalating burden necessitates targeted interventions and public health initiatives, especially in areas and populations disproportionately affected by migraine.
Sensory symptoms associated with autistic traits and anxiety levels in children aged 6–11 years
Authors: Bang Peter , Andemichael Danait Kidane , Pieslinger Johan F , Igelström Kajsa
Published: August 2024

Background

Autism spectrum conditions (ASC) and quantitative autistic traits (QATs) are associated with sensory symptoms, which may contribute to anxiety and adversely affect social and cognitive development. Although sensory symptoms can occur across all senses, the relative roles of specific sensory modalities as contributors to the autistic phenotype and to anxiety are not well understood. The objective of this study was to examine which sensory symptoms were most predictive of high anxiety.

Methods

We recruited 257 female primary caregivers of children aged 6 to 11 years (49% girls) to a questionnaire study comprising parent-report measures for classical QATs (social, communicative, and rigid), autism-related sensorimotor symptoms (visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory, gustatory, vestibular, proprioceptive, and motor), and anxiety symptoms. First, Bayesian stochastic search variable selection (SSVS) was used to identify the most probable sensorimotor predictors of specific QATs as well as diagnosed ASC. Then, the selected predictors were used in another SSVS, using anxiety symptoms as a dependent variable, to identify which of the autism-relevant sensorimotor symptoms were most robustly predictive of anxiety. Finally, the effect sizes of anxiety-related sensory symptoms were estimated with linear regressions.

Results

We found that auditory symptoms and motor difficulties were most predictive of ASC diagnosis. Developmental motor difficulties were also strongly related to all individual QATs, whereas auditory symptoms were more selectively predictive of rigid traits. Tactile symptoms robustly predicted social interaction QATs, and proprioceptive symptoms predicted communicative QATs. Anxiety outcomes were most strongly predicted by difficulties with auditory and olfactory processing.

Conclusions

The results support the clinical importance of being alert to complaints about sounds and hearing in neurodevelopmental populations, and that auditory processing difficulties may be evaluated as an early marker of poor mental health in children with and without diagnosed autism. Olfactory processing differences appeared to be an anxiety marker less strongly associated with ASC or QATs, while motor difficulties were highly autism-relevant but not equally strongly associated with anxiety outcomes. We suggest that future studies may focus on the mechanisms and consequences of neurodevelopmental central auditory processing dysfunction and its potential relationship to anxiety disorders.
Understanding resilience: Lifestyle-based behavioral predictors of mental health and well-being in community-dwelling older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Greenwood-Hickman Mikael Anne , Shapiro Lily N. , Chen Shirley , Crane Paul K. , Harrington Laura B. , Johnson KatieRose , LaCroix Andrea Z. , Lane Liam G. , McCurry Susan M. , Shaw Pamela A. , Rosenberg Dori E.
Published: August 2024

Background

Changes in sleep, physical activity and mental health were observed in older adults during early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we describe effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on older adult mental health, wellbeing, and lifestyle behaviors and explore predictors of better mid-pandemic mental health and wellbeing.

Methods

Participants in the Adult Changes in Thought study completed measures of lifestyle behaviors (e.g., sleep, physical activity) and mental health and wellbeing both pre-pandemic during regular study visits and mid-pandemic via a one-time survey. We used paired t-tests to compare differences in these measures pre- vs. mid-pandemic. Using multivariate linear regression, we further explored demographic, health, and lifestyle predictors of pandemic depressive symptoms, social support, and fatigue. We additionally qualitatively coded free text data from the mid-pandemic survey for related comments.

Results

Participants (N = 896) reported significant changes in mental health and lifestyle behaviors at pre-pandemic vs. mid-pandemic measurements (p < 0.0001). Qualitative findings supported these behavioral and wellbeing changes. Being male, never smoking, and lower pre-pandemic computer time and sleep disturbance were significantly associated with lower pandemic depressive symptoms. Being partnered, female, never smoking, and lower pre-pandemic sleep disturbance were associated with higher pandemic social support. Pre-pandemic employment, more walking, less computer time, and less sleep disturbance were associated with less pandemic fatigue. Participant comments supported these quantitative findings, highlighting gender differences in pandemic mental health, changes in computer usage and physical activity during the pandemic, the value of spousal social support, and links between sleep disturbance and mental health and wellbeing. Qualitative findings also revealed additional factors, such as stresses from personal and family health situations and the country’s concurrent political environment, that impacted mental health and wellbeing.

Conclusions

Several demographic, health, and lifestyle behaviors appeared to buffer the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and may be key sources of resilience. Interventions and public health measures targeting men and unpartnered individuals could promote social support resilience, and intervening on modifiable behaviors like sleep quality, physical activity and sedentary activities like computer time may promote resilience to fatigue and depressive symptoms during future community stressor events. Further research into these relationships is warranted.
Diagnosis of human angiostrongyliasis in a case of hydrocephalus using next-generation sequencing: a case report and literature review
Authors: Liu Dayuan , Li Ning , Zhu Yubo , Chen Qianhua , Fan Xudong , Feng Jigao
Published: August 2024

Background

Angiostrongyliasis cantonensis is a severe yet rare parasitic infection caused by the larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis. The primary characteristic feature of this foodborne illness in humans is eosinophilic meningitis. Recently, there has been a gradual increase in reported cases globally. Due to the lack of typical clinical symptoms, signs, and specific laboratory tests, early diagnosis of this disease poses significant challenges. Failure to diagnose and treat this condition promptly can result in fatalities.

Methods

We present the case of a 13-year-old male patient who initially presented with fever and headache. The patient was preliminarily diagnosed with bacterial meningitis and received treatment with antibacterial drugs. However, the patient’s condition worsened, and he developed progressive consciousness disturbances. Eventually, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) testing of cerebrospinal fluid samples indicated Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection. Following treatment with albendazole and prednisone, the patient made a full recovery. We include this case report as part of a literature review to emphasize the potential applications of mNGS in the early diagnosis of Angiostrongyliasis cantonensis.

Conclusion

mNGS technology plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of angiostrongyliasis cantonensis. As this technology continues to evolve and be applied, we believe it will play an increasingly important role in diagnosing, treating, and monitoring angiostrongyliasis cantonensis.