bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Levosimendan Reduces Mortality and Low Cardiac Output Syndrome in Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Deppe Antje Christin , Wahlers Thorsten C. W. , Weber Carolyn , Esser Matthias , Eghbalzadeh Kaveh , Sabashnikov Anton , Djordjevic Ilija , Maier Johanna , Merkle Julia , Choi Yeong-Hoon , Madershahian Navid , Liakopoulos Oliver
Published: November 2019

Background There has been conflicting evidence concerning the effect of levosimendan on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and conducted this meta-analysis to provide evidence for/against the administration of levosimendan in cardiac surgery patients.

Methods We performed a meta-analysis from literature search in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. Only randomized controlled trials comparing the administration of levosimendan in cardiac surgery patients with a control group (other inotrope, standard therapy/placebo, or an intra-aortic balloon pump) were included. In addition, at least one clinical outcome had to be mentioned: mortality, myocardial infarction, low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS), acute kidney injury, renal replacement therapy, atrial fibrillation, prolonged inotropic support, length of intensive care unit, and hospital stay. The pooled treatment effects (odds ratio [OR], 95% confidence intervals [CI]) were assessed using a fixed or random effects model.

Results The literature search retrieved 27 randomized, controlled trials involving a total of 3,198 patients. Levosimendan led to a significant reduction in mortality (OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.49–0.91; p = 0.0087). Furthermore, the incidence of LCOS (OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.42–0.75; p < 0.0001), acute kidney injury (OR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.46–0.86; p = 0.0039), and renal replacement therapy (OR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50–0.98; p = 0.0332) was significantly decreased in the levosimendan group.

Conclusion Our meta-analysis suggests beneficial effects for the prophylactic use of levosimendan in patients with severely impaired left ventricular function undergoing cardiac surgery. The administration of levosimendan was associated with a reduced mortality, less LCOS, and restored adequate organ perfusion reflected in less acute kidney injury.
The electronic behaviors and charge transfer mechanism at the interface of metals: A first-principles perspective
Authors: Wang Linfeng , Tao Jing , Ma Tianbao , Dai Zhendong
Published: November 2019

The electronic behaviors during interactions and the charge transfer at the interfaces of Al/Ag and Al/Au are investigated using density functional theory calculations. The charge transfer from Al to Ag or Au surface and its volume difference between these two systems are predicted. The differences are ascribed to distinct affinities to electrons of different materials. Moreover, it is discovered that superficial electrons from the pz orbit of Al atoms interact with s and d orbital electrons of Ag or Au atoms when in contact. After the interactions, they distribute at the same energy level, which is believed to be the key step to fill the huge energy gap created before contact. As charge transfers, the electric field is formed at the interface, which facilitates the charge transfer during the separation. It is further found that the effects of defects on electronic interaction and the charge transfer depend heavily on defect types and also are highly affected by the elements that are introduced in the interfacial interaction. This study reinforces our understanding on the electronic behaviors during interactions and the charge transfer mechanism of metals, and sheds light on principles of material selection and design in contact- or triboelectrification.
Unveiling coupled electronic and vibrational motions of chromophores in condensed phases
Authors: Fang Chong , Tang Longteng , Chen Cheng
Published: November 2019

The quest for capturing molecular movies of functional systems has motivated scientists and engineers for decades. A fundamental understanding of electronic and nuclear motions, two principal components of the molecular Schrödinger equation, has the potential to enable the de novo rational design for targeted functionalities of molecular machines. We discuss the development and application of a relatively new structural dynamics technique, femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy with broadly tunable laser pulses from the UV to near-IR region, in tracking the coupled electronic and vibrational motions of organic chromophores in solution and protein environments. Such light-sensitive moieties hold broad interest and significance in gaining fundamental knowledge about the intramolecular and intermolecular Hamiltonian and developing effective strategies to control macroscopic properties. Inspired by recent experimental and theoretical advances, we focus on the in situ characterization and spectroscopy-guided tuning of photoacidity, excited state proton transfer pathways, emission color, and internal conversion via a conical intersection.
Quantifying the ruminal degradation of nutrients in three cultivars of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) sampled during early spring and summer
Authors: Douglas M. L. , Auldist M. J. , Jacobs J. L. , Hannah M. C. , Garcia S. C. , Wales W. J.
Published: November 2019

Context
The Australian dairy industry is characterised by pasture-based feeding systems, where grazed pasture is commonly supplemented with cereal grain to increase milk production of dairy cows. Perennial ryegrass (PRG; Lolium perenne L.) is the most commonly used pasture species, with a wide range of cultivars available. However, the nutritive characteristics and the degradation of nutrients in individual PRG cultivars grown in different environments in Australia are unknown, and significant variation between cultivars may impact on supplementary nutrient requirements.

Aims
The objective of this experiment was to quantify the extent of ruminal degradation of nutrients in three contrasting PRG cultivars (Bealey NEA2, Trojan NEA2 and Victorian SE) harvested during early spring and summer from Gippsland, northern Victoria and south-west Victoria in Victoria, Australia.

Methods
Degradation parameters were determined by in situ incubation in the rumens of non-lactating, rumen-fistulated Holstein–Friesian cows for 72 h using a nylon bag technique.

Key results
During both seasons, Bealey NEA2 had the greatest effective degradability of crude protein and neutral detergent fibre compared with Trojan NEA2 and Victorian SE. Cultivars harvested during early spring had greater effective degradability of crude protein and neutral detergent fibre, and a greater amount of rumen degradable protein compared with cultivars harvested during summer. Cultivars harvested from Gippsland had greater crude protein and neutral detergent fibre effective degradability, as well as a greater amount of rumen degradable protein, whereas cultivars harvested from northern Victoria had a greater amount of undegraded dietary protein.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate that the ruminal degradation of PRG cultivars declines with increasing maturity, and that there are differences between cultivars and regions; however, differences between seasons are of a greater magnitude and are more important to consider when formulating optimal supplementary grain rations.

Implications
This research has positive implications for farmers who will be able to understand the degradation of nutrients in PRG, and the amounts of rumen degradable protein and undegraded dietary protein available from pasture during each season. Farmers will be able to use this information to formulate supplementary grain rations that complement the nutrients from pasture and optimise milk production.
Monitoring of cyanobacteria for water quality: doing the necessary right or wrong?
Authors: Moustaka-Gouni M. , Sommer U. , Katsiapi M. , Vardaka E.
Published: November 2019

Cyanobacteria are an essential biological component of phytoplankton water quality assessment. However, there are some problems associated with the widely used everyday practices of sampling, estimation and use of cyanobacteria when calculating phytoplankton indices assessing water quality. Many indices were developed during the implementation of the Water Framework Directive, considered the most innovative European environmental legislation. Most indices include cyanobacteria as a composition or bloom metric. Problems with the indices concern the exclusion of most chroococcalean taxa from cyanobacterial biovolume estimations in lakes and reservoirs of the Mediterranean region, treatment of the mucilage of colonial chroococcalean taxa in biovolume estimations and overlooking of deep-water cyanobacterial blooms due to sampling depth. These problems may lead to a biased view of water quality. In this paper we argue in favour of including all cyanobacteria taxa and their mucilage in biovolume estimations and considering a sampling depth that covers deep-water maxima, such as those formed by Planktothrix rubescens or colonial chroococcalean taxa.
WNT/RYK signaling restricts goblet cell differentiation during lung development and repair
Authors: Kim Hyun-Taek , Yin Wenguang , Nakamichi Yuko , Panza Paolo , Grohmann Beate , Buettner Carmen , Guenther Stefan , Ruppert Clemens , Kobayashi Yasuhiro , Guenther Andreas , Stainier Didier Y. R.
Published: November 2019

Goblet cell metaplasia and mucus hypersecretion are observed in many pulmonary diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis. However, the regulation of goblet cell differentiation remains unclear. Here, we identify a regulator of this process in an
N
-ethyl-
N
-nitrosourea (ENU) screen for modulators of postnatal lung development;
Ryk
mutant mice exhibit lung inflammation, goblet cell hyperplasia, and mucus hypersecretion. RYK functions as a WNT coreceptor, and, in the developing lung, we observed high RYK expression in airway epithelial cells and moderate expression in mesenchymal cells as well as in alveolar epithelial cells. From transcriptomic analyses and follow-up studies, we found decreased WNT/β-catenin signaling activity in the mutant lung epithelium. Epithelial-specific
Ryk
deletion causes goblet cell hyperplasia and mucus hypersecretion but not inflammation, while club cell-specific
Ryk
deletion in adult stages leads to goblet cell hyperplasia and mucus hypersecretion during regeneration. We also found that the airway epithelium of COPD patients often displays goblet cell metaplastic foci, as well as reduced RYK expression. Altogether, our findings reveal that RYK plays important roles in maintaining the balance between airway epithelial cell populations during development and repair, and that defects in RYK expression or function may contribute to the pathogenesis of human lung diseases.
Polarized PtdIns(4,5)P
2
distribution mediated by a voltage-sensing phosphatase (VSP) regulates sperm motility
Authors: Kawai Takafumi , Miyata Haruhiko , Nakanishi Hiroki , Sakata Souhei , Morioka Shin , Sasaki Junko , Watanabe Masahiko , Sakimura Kenji , Fujimoto Toyoshi , Sasaki Takehiko , Ikawa Masahito , Okamura Yasushi
Published: November 2019

Significance

Voltage-sensing phosphatase (VSP) is a unique protein that consists of both the voltage-sensor domain and phosphoinositide phosphatase domain. In contrast with intensive studies on its molecular mechanisms, its physiological role has not been clear. Here, we report that VSP plays critical roles in mouse sperm motility. We found that VSP generates a polarized distribution of PtdIns(4,5)P
2
in the sperm flagellum, which is critical for regulation of ion channel activity and calcium influx in sperm function. This provides a mode of regulation of ion channel activity by biased distribution of PtdIns(4,5)P
2
.
Disordered eating behaviours in female physique athletes
Authors: Whitehead Jacqui , Slater Gary , Wright Hattie , Martin Lisa , O'Connor Helen , Mitchell Lachlan
Published: November 2019

Despite substantial growth in participation rates in physique sports, little is known about the modern day female physique athlete. The extreme physique traits of successful female physique athletes suggest this population may be particularly at risk of developing disordered eating (DE). The aim of this study was to determine if female physique athletes across the main divisions of bikini, fitness, figure and bodybuilding were at risk of DE and to explore possible associated risk factors. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate differences in incidence of DE across divisions given differences in physique requirements. Female physique athletes (n = 348) were recruited using targeted methods and completed an online survey based on validated questionnaires, including the Drive for Thinness, Body Dissatisfaction, and Bulimia subscales of the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), Pathogenic Weight Control Measures (PWCM), and the Cognitive Dietary Restraint subscale of the Three‐Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ‐CDR). Athletes scoring above the cut off values for one or more of the EDI subscales or engaged in at least one of the most concerning PWCM (binge eating, laxative use, and self‐induced vomiting) were considered at risk of DE. Approximately half of the participants were identified with DE (46.6%), independent of division, with 27.3% exhibiting clinical and 19.3% having subclinical DE. Furthermore, approximately half (48.9%) of participants engaged in at least one of the most concerning PWCM within the past three months, with a smaller proportion (5.2%) engaging in all three PWCM. Weak but significant correlations were found between some EDI subscales and reason for sport participation, BMI and body composition goals. Drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction were positively associated with use of PWCM. In conclusion, a high proportion of female physique athletes were identified with DE, with a concerning number of athletes engaging in harmful PWCM.
A deep dive into the modelling assumptions for biomass with carbon capture and storage (BECCS): a transparency exercise
Authors: Butnar Isabela , Li Pei-Hao , Strachan Neil , Portugal Pereira Joana , Gambhir Ajay , Smith Pete
Published: November 2019

Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is envisaged as a critical element of most deep decarbonisation pathways compatible with the Paris Agreement. Such a transformational upscaling—to 3–7 Gt CO2/yr by 2050—requires an unprecedented technological, economic, socio-cultural and political effort, along with, crucially, transparent communication between all stakeholders. Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) that underpin the 1.5 °C scenarios assessed by IPCC have played a critical role in building and assessing deep decarbonisation narratives. However, their high-level aggregation and their complexity can cause them to be perceived as non-transparent by stakeholders outside of the IAM community. This paper bridges this gap by offering a comprehensive assessment of BECCS assumptions as used in IAMs so as to open them to a wider audience. We focus on key assumptions that underpin five aspects of BECCS: biomass availability, BECCS technologies, CO2 transport and storage infrastructure, BECCS costs, and wider system conditions which favour the deployment of BECCS. Through a structured review, we find that all IAMs communicate wider system assumptions and major cost assumptions transparently. This quality however fades as we dig deeper into modelling details. This is particularly true for sets of technological elements such as CO2 transport and storage infrastructure, for which we found the least transparent assumptions. We also found that IAMs are less transparent on the completeness of their treatment of the five BECCS aspects we investigated, and not transparent regarding the inclusion and treatment of socio-cultural and institutional-regulatory dimensions of feasibility which are key BECCS elements as suggested by the IPCC. We conclude with a practical discussion around ways of increasing IAM transparency as a bridge between this community and stakeholders from other disciplines, policy decision makers, financiers, and the public.
Designing an additional freshwater source infrastructure to ensure the environmental sustainability of coastal areas
Authors: Degtyarev G , Takhumova O
Published: November 2019

The work is based on the search for additional sources of supply of coastal areas with fresh water based on resource-saving technologies and the fundamental rationale for the design and application of the proposed structures in real time. The article identifies potential areas for the placement of aboveground and underground reservoirs of freshwater resources in the coastal areas of the Krasnodar region. The article attempts to develop an innovative project for the seasonal freshwater basin, which allows accumulating the necessary volume during the peak consumption season to meet the needs of the population. The emphasis for placing the pool is made in the mountain gorges, taking into account the geographical features of the landscape of the region. The results of the analytical analysis will subsequently help to optimize constructive solutions, with the aim of further practical implementation of reasonable and proposed measures.
Growth dynamics of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms in vitro under the influence of anthelmintics drugs
Authors: Alekseeva S M
Published: November 2019

The article presents data on the effect of anthelminthic drugs on the degree of growth in conditionally pathogenic microorganisms. Belamizole and aversect-2 were found to have a stimulating effect on the degree of growth intensity of Staphilococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In contrast, ivertin has an inhibitory effect on the growth and reproduction of these microorganisms.
Risk analysis of the modern anthropotechnical environment
Authors: Mayakova A
Published: November 2019

The science and practice offer risk management methodologies that are relevant to modern production, economic and socio-humanitarian realities. Risk management methodologies are successfully developed and implemented in Russia through the creation of scientific and professional communities. Their goal is to solve specific management tasks of identifying, analyzing, controlling, and predicting risks. Russian organizations operating internationally are the first to update foreign risk management methodologies for their managers, and now they are implementing a systematic corporate risk management approach. The world practice also offers standardization in risk management. Such a system successfully operates in the territory of the EU, which is represented by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The standards of this organization regulate not only the sphere of risk management, but also the quality management, auditing, production regulation, environmental management, and others. Most of the standards are adapted in the Russian context and are presented in the form of national standards GOST R. The paper considers risk analysis, one of the leading risk management methodologies both in Russia and abroad. We will draw analogies and differences with other modern approaches and risk management methodologies.
The mountain area’s economic capacity as the basis for cross-border cooperation
Authors: Shishin M Yu , Engoyan O Z , Surazakova S P
Published: November 2019

Organization of economic activities in the framework of cross-border cooperation is accompanied by limiting effects. These effects are expressed in periodic or sustained ecosystem digression. In turn, this has a significant impact on dependent communities, including by multiplying these impacts in socio-natural complexes. Achieving a critical level of digression varies for integrable regions (countries). The authors note the need for a systematic approach and innovative solutions in the formation of common cross-border markets in the context of modern turbulence of global economic processes. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account certain requirements of sustainable development, both of individual regions and their industries and enterprises that provide integration.
Biochemical potential indicators of the transformed sod-podzolic soils of the forest-steppe of the Altai region
Authors: Zavalishin S , Karelina V
Published: November 2019

The paper presents results of a study focused on the biochemical potential of anthropogenically and naturally transformed sod-podzolic soils of the forest-steppe of the Altai Region, depending on the activity of soil enzymes. The research reports that the soils of this territory are affected by forest fires to the greatest and profound changes. Indicators of enzymatic activity serve as an indirect witnesses of the transformation of soil organic matter, the orientation of the soil-forming process. They can be used in the process of biomonitoring the state of the soil cover of forest sod-podzolic soils.
Microbial preparations in the cultivation of grain crops in the Priobskaya zone of the Altai region
Authors: Kursacova V , Stupina L
Published: November 2019

The article examines the action of biologics of associative nitrogen-fixing bacteria for non-leguminous crops in spring soft and durum wheat and spring barley crops in the steppe zone of the Altai Priobye. The positive effect of biological products in all years of research is established. In different years, the increase in yield of different varieties of wheat from inoculation with monopreparations amounted to 8.0-53.5%, with a minimum tillage of 68.0-89.7%. In drought conditions and in the context of yield reduction, the effect of drugs was higher than in a moister period. The drugs effectiveness increased with mineral fertilizers (a dose of N30P60K60) and mycorrhiza.
Features of seasonal migrations and wintering of epy elks (Alces alces) in the Kuznetsk-Salair mountain region
Authors: Skalon N , Stepanov P , Prosekov A
Published: November 2019

The article presents an analysis of elksэ seasonal migrations in the Kuznetsk-Salair mountain region, where a largely independent population of the species has developed. Its core is located in the administrative boundaries of the Kemerovo region. In snowless and little snow periods, elks are diffusely located in forest areas of the region. In the Kuznetsk-Salair mountain region, seasonal migrations of moose are caused by the need to move from the snowy slopes and foothills of the Kuznetsky Alatau, the Gornaya Shoria, and the Salairsky ridge to the little snowy slopes of the eastern exposition, to the steppe and forest-steppe parts of the Kuznetsk Basin and the Mariinsky-Tisulsky forest-steppe areas. In some places, these migrations are cross-border in nature, affecting the administrative territories of the Altai and Krasnoyarsk Regions, the Republics of the Gorny Altai and Khakassia, and the Novosibirsk and Tomsk Regions. After the depression of the beginning of the last century, up to 24 winter camps were formed when the elk reappeared on the territory of the Kemerovo region (Kuzbass). Local animals from the Kuznetsk Alatau and Gornaya Shoria and animals from the adjacent areas of the Altai, Novosibirsk, and Tomsk regions migrated regularly to these sites. At the same time, a part of elks from the Kuzbass southern regions migrated to the territory of Altai and Khakassia. In the 1960s and 1980s, the elk winter sites were clearly localized, up to 300-500 animals were concentrated in the largest of them. In the Kemerovo region, a system of regional specially protected natural areas (SPNA) was created. In the 1990s, in the period of the decline in the number of elks, about 15 winter sites remained. And since the 2000s, many wintering sites have become diffuse, seasonal migrations have changed. Currently, with the exception of 4 large sites, in the Kuznetsk Basin, most elks do overwinter in small herds from 2-3 to 20-30 head. They are dispersed in forest areas with low snow cover, well protected or difficult to access for snowmobile transport.
Phytopathogenic mycobiota of the Far Eastern species of the genus Aristolochia L. in the culture in vitro
Authors: Demidenko E , Gukov G , Berseneva S
Published: November 2019

Microclonal reproduction of plants of the Far Eastern species of the genus Aristolochia L on explants revealed the micromycetes of various systematic groups. In microclonal propagation, the authors used various methods of sterilization of the starting material with diacid and sublime. The total period of manifestation of the pathogenic properties of micromycetes on the explants of species of the genus Aristolochia L. was 24 days in vitro.
Medical-geographical indicators of the Altai Krai as a cross-border region of Western Siberia
Authors: Tokmakova S , Bondarenko O , Lunicyna Y U
Published: November 2019

As a result of a comprehensive study on the methodology of the World Health Organization, the dental incidence of children and adults in the districts of the city of Barnaul with different levels of air pollution has been studied. It is established that the ecological situation in the city is complicated by the emissions of harmful substances by industrial enterprises (nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, soot, dust). The structure of the indicator of the intensity of teeth caries of hard tissues in key age groups was studied, and a positive correlation was found between the intensity of dental caries in adolescents of Barnaul and the exceeded emission concentrations of the air pollutants studied by us. A high prevalence of dental anomalies in adolescents has been established. The prevalence of periodontal and oral mucosa diseases was evaluated in the examined individuals. It was revealed that this pathology did not depend on the degree of contamination of the air basin in the districts of the city of Barnaul. Analysis of the conducted clinical and epidemiological research reveals the features of dental pathology in various age groups of a large industrial city of the Siberian region. The data can be used for a differentiated approach in creating and planning programs to improve the prevention of dental health of the population, taking into account the environmental situation in the districts.
Glacier changes in the Tabyn-Bogda Ola mountain massif from 1994 to 2015
Authors: Lapina K V , Ostanin O V , Dyakova G S
Published: November 2019

In 2015, according to the Landsat and ASTER satellite imagery decoding, the contemporary glaciation of the Tavan Bogd (Tabyn-Bogda Ola) mountain massif range is represented by 82 glaciers, with a total area of 167.19 km2. For the period from 1994 to 2015, the area of glaciation decreased by 3.61 km2. The greatest changes occurred on glaciers of a complex-valley type with an area of more than 3 km2.
A tourist and recreational potential of the Kulunda steppe as the basis for the diversification of its economy
Authors: Dirin D , Krupochkin E , Rygalov E
Published: November 2019

This article presents the results of a comprehensive assessment of the tourist and recreational potential (TRP) of the Kulunda steppe (within the Altai Region). Evaluation methodology was used in the paper, which allowed to take into account both the natural and recreational resources of the territory, as well as the socio-economic and socio-cultural conditions for developing tourism and recreation were analyzed. Evaluation and mapping of the territory’s TRP was carried out using the functionality of the GIS MapInfo and ArcGIS. Based on the selected cores of the TRP concentration, a system of tourist and recreational clusters of various specializations was designed. These clusters should become nodes of the basic recreational framework of the Kulunda steppe.
Unwanted appearance of invasive species in the transboundary Irtysh river basin
Authors: Leskovskaya L S , Mikhaylova L V
Published: November 2019

This paper presents data on the size and weight characteristics of the Amur sleeper (Perccottus glenii) in floodplain reservoirs of the transboundary Irtysh river basin: Bezymyannoe Lake, Amalby Lake, Mangadaevo Lake (Yarkovsky District), and Andreevskoe Lake (Tyumen District) of the Tyumen Region.
The possibilities of using remote sensing data when monitoring cross-border regions
Authors: Khlebnikova E , Simonova G
Published: November 2019

The article shows the possibility of using the results of remote sensing data processing for the purpose of geo-information support for monitoring, evaluating, and forecasting the development of cross-border regions.
Features of using the land resources in the agricultural sector of the Russian Federation
Authors: Razin A , Meshcheryakova R , Razin O
Published: November 2019

The article presents the results of a systematic analysis of land use in the world and the Russian Federation, which has a significant potential for agricultural land. The authors analyze such issues as the land reform and formation of a mixed agricultural sector; the use of farmland and arable land assigned to users; soil fertility depletion; a sharp reduction in the use of mineral and organic fertilizers; underestimation of the role of crop rotations.
The effect of leaf treatment (Solanum tuberosum L. cv Zhukovsky) with an early leaf extract (Amaranthus tricolor L. cv Early splendor) on the photosynthetic indicators of potato plants and the feeding of the colorado beetle larvae
Authors: Pivovarov V F , Gins E M , Baikov A A
Published: November 2019

Processing potatoes with water extract from the amaranth of Early splendor variety leads to an increase in the parameter (FM – FT)/FT of slow induction of leaf fluorescence up to 51%. At the same time, the effectiveness of restricting the nutrition of larvae of the Colorado potato beetle on the treated plants reaches a maximum of 64%. Laboratory experiments show a decrease in larval survival on treated plants. Due to its dual properties as a biostimulant and insecticide, as well as low toxicity to vertebrates, amaranth extracts can be recommended for integrated pest management programs.
Trends in the development of native horse breeding and ways to improve its efficiency
Authors: Koveshnikov V S , Zaycev A M , Slotina E V
Published: November 2019

The paper analyzes the most important segment of horse breeding in the conditions of a fundamental change in the general economic situation in agriculture in general and the horse industry in particular. In a significant time aspect (1991-2018), the dynamics of the producing composition of the stud farms’ breeding stock and their placement in the federal districts of the Russian Federation are rigorously analyzed. The modern livestock of horse stud mares has been categorized, included in the state breeding register and in the main breeding areas. Changes in the producing composition of the breeding stock of all breed directions are investigated. Analysis of the number of horses in the country (for 28 years) shows that the total number of factory mares decreased from 6.3 to 3.4 thousand heads or by 49.2%. The number of saddle mares increased by 42.5%, from 362 to 516 heads. It was established that during the analyzed period, all production and economic indicators of horse breeding decreased. Successfully tested in many foreign countries, a system of financial sustainability and high efficiency of horse breeding in the form of targeted support (using the national equestrian sweepstake) has not been established in the industry.
The specialization areas of grain production focused on the export of products
Authors: Silaeva L , Kulchikova Zh , Barinova E
Published: November 2019

The country’s export objectives, aimed at the growth of the Russian economy, are best addressed by highlighting the competitive advantages of its border areas. In wheat exports, as of today, Russia ranks first in the world, but its gross harvest rises in conditions of low-quality grain production. The paper analyzes the production parameters of spring wheat cultivation, explores the dynamics of its sown areas, gross yield, and yield by federal districts for the period 2001-2017. The article calculated the structure of crops and wheat production, indicators of its effectiveness depending on the quality of grain in the agricultural organizations of the country. The conditions for economic growth of individual border areas of the country are determined on the basis of the development of efficient production of strong and hard varieties of spring wheat in the regions of Western Siberia. A mechanism has been developed and proposed for creating a single large-scale West Siberian specialized zone for the sustainable production of high-quality spring wheat commercial grain with sales to the neighboring countries of the Asian continent.
An analysis of the current state of vegetable production of open and protected soil in the Russian Federation
Authors: Razin A , Razin O , Mescheryakova P
Published: November 2019

The article analyzes the current state of vegetable production in the open and protected soils in the Russian Federation. Tomato (17.3%), cabbage (16.7%), onion (13.0%), carrots (10.4%), cucumbers (10.0%), and table beet (7.0%) occupy the largest share in the structure of vegetable crops cultures. In the structure of products of the whole agriculture, 49.5–52.8% is accounted for by agricultural organizations, 40.5–34.7% is produced by households. The bulk of commercial vegetables produced in the open ground. all categories of farms produced 14.7 million tons each, in 2016–2017. The main production of vegetables in open ground is concentrated in the Southern, Volga and Central federal districts, where about 65% of the vegetables from the total production in the Russian Federation are produced annually. The average yield of vegetables in greenhouses in the whole country is growing steadily, reaching the figure of 36.9 kg/m2 in 2017, which is 31.8% higher than the 2013 level (28 kg/m2). According to the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, the level of self-sufficiency of the Russian Federation of vegetables of the protected ground was 53.4% in 2017. This indicator is 7.1% higher than the 2016 level (46.3%) and 13.0% higher than the 2015 level (40.4%).
On increasing the sorption capacity of semi-cokes with acid regenerates of water-desalting ion-exchange plants
Authors: Gorelkina A , Timoshchuk I , Gora N
Published: November 2019

In modern conditions, the problem of environmental protection has become one of the decisive factors determining the further development of mankind, along with technological and economic aspects. The approach is most effective when disposing the waste from one production provides an effective solution to the problem of environmental protection in other industries. The article investigates the possibility of using the acidic waste generated from the operation of ion exchange plants at power plants to increase the sorption capacity of carbon sorbents for phenol by changing the chemistry of the surface of coal. It has been established that an increase in the sorption capacity of active carbon ABG provides additional adsorption and increases the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of wastewater treatment from phenol.
A robotic system for determining the state of a man-made object in space and time
Authors: Bugakova T , Sharapov A , Knol I
Published: November 2019

The article proposes a conceptually new, intellectually oriented approach with a higher degree of automation to the monitoring of man-made objects and the prediction of the space-time state of man-made objects. The paper describes an algorithm of functioning of the multi-agent system for determining and controlling the space-time state of a man-made object is completed. The article describes the development of a robotic stand, which is a prototype of a multi-agent system.
Economic justification for applying instrumental methods of seed quality control
Authors: Musaev F , Pivovarov V , Beleskyi S
Published: November 2019

The basis of food independence of any country is a reliable seed system, and seed control is a concern of the state in many developed countries. The standard methods used for analyzing the quality of seeds do not meet today’s requirements for seed production, they are laborious, time-consuming, and also uninformative. The contemporary level of scientific knowledge requires the use of new instrumental methods that are highly informative. We have developed an instrumental X-ray method for assessing the quality of vegetable seeds. It is highly informative, quick and easy to perform, and preserves the material being analyzed. The article compares and economically analyzes the widely used standard morphometric method and the implemented instrumental method of X-ray analysis of seeds. It turned out that the use of instrumental methods for seed quality analysis is economically and energetically justified. The method of X-ray analysis of seeds favorably differs in energy efficiency and the period of performance from the standard method. Introduced instrumental method for visual analysis of radiographs is slightly inferior to the standard in labor costs, but the process is significantly accelerated with automatic analysis. The method is automated, which allows to avoid errors in assessing the quality of seeds associated with the operator’s subjectivity. The article calculates the benefit from introducing the X-ray method in the seed control case. It is shown that over a ten-year lifetime of the X-ray diagnostic unit, all the costs of organizing the laboratory pay off even with a relatively small workload and begin to make a profit.
Efficiency of the newest sterile substrate production technology for oyster cultivation
Authors: Soldatenko A , Devochkina N , Ivanova M
Published: November 2019

The article conducted production tests and developed parameters of the innovative technology for substrate preparation under sterile conditions for the cultivation of oyster mushrooms. Oyster mushroom is the second largest industrial mushroom culture, which belongs to the group of wood-destroying mushrooms. World production of oyster mushrooms is about 1.5 million tons per year. Its cultivation is practiced in Italy, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Japan, and Taiwan. Fruit bodies of oyster mushrooms have high nutritional and medicinal value. Biological features of a culture allow its production under conditions of both specialized cultivation facilities and in adapted premises, thereby solving the problem of their effective use. The industrial mushroom production in the Russian Federation is growing due to the construction of industrial complexes for mushroom cultivation. According to experts, the expansion of the cultivation of oyster mushrooms with the use of contemporary technologies and technological equipment is a very promising business for our country. The total annual production of oyster mushrooms does not exceed 4-5 thousand tons, which does not even provide 5-6% of the required domestic demand. In Russia, mushroom producers, farmers, and subsidiary farms are constantly looking for a solution to the problem of acquiring high-quality raw materials, organizing the full technological cycle of production, choosing the technology for preparing the substrate and growing the fruit bodies of the mushroom that would ensure the economic efficiency of the production of fruit bodies of mushrooms. When growing oyster mushrooms in small enterprises, the following simplest methods of processing raw materials are used: soaking in hot water without temperature control and without optimal processing time, respectively. The quality of the substrate prepared in this way is very low, and the level of the resulting crop does not provide cost-effective results, which leads to the cessation of the mushroom production. Therefore, the latest technological and technical solutions to virtually solve the issues of introducing new equipment for the production of high-quality substrate are relevant and important. This will allow to obtain stable yields and effectively lead the production of significant low-calorie fresh protein products, namely oyster mushroom bodies.
Dependence of tuber fluorescence on potato storage duration
Authors: Starovoitov V I , Manokhina A A , Allayarov Zh Zh
Published: November 2019

Fluorescent control methods are very sensitive and able to capture the ultra-weak reactions of tubers to lighting. However, they have not been developed due to the high sensitivity and complexity of the analysis of diverse information from natural samples. An important biological feature of tubers is repair, i.e. an ability to renew the cover tissue in places of mechanical damage. To assess the quality of tubers, natural, and wound periderms, a spectrofluorimeter was used. Optical measurements were performed. The spectra were recorded at a low voltage on a photovoltaic multiplier with a slit width of monochromators – 5 nm, in which the object fluorescence was illuminated by light with a variable wavelength. Results of the spectral reaction to these excitations were recorded. Tubers of potato varieties of different maturity groups were used for research. The relationship between the intensity of fluorescence of vitamins (max 468 nm) and flavins (max 520 nm) most fully reflects the state of tubers in different periods of storage. The aim of the study was to assess the quality of tubers by applying the fluorescent method to create a database for the development of portable devices that do not destroy the control of tubers during their storage.
An innovative component of the integration process of the resource potential of the regions of the Siberian Federal District
Authors: Butakova M , Sokolova O , Oskina O
Published: November 2019

The article contains the results of a study of the resource and innovation potentials of the regions of the Siberian Federal District as the basis for their integration. The authors develop the idea of the necessity and expediency of using the innovation component in the interaction of regions with different potential.
Problems and prospects of cheese production in Russia
Authors: Ugarova I , Pavlusenko O P , Davydenko N I
Published: November 2019

The Russian cheese market is in constant dynamics. A range of products is available on the market, a wide price range makes cheese a product affordable for all segments of the population; and a steady growth in this industry can be predicted. In this regard, an analysis of the prospects for the production and sale of cheese on the Russian market is of scientific and practical interest. Analysis of statistical data of the Federal State Statistics Service, the Territorial Body of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Altai Region, as well as analytical materials of the Altai Region Administration for the development of entrepreneurship and market infrastructure are presented and critically analyzed. Trends in the production and sale of cheese products are formulated. Factors hindering their development identified; development vectors in terms of import substitution are defined. The following general scientific research methods were used: analysis and synthesis, comparison, statistical methods, modeling, expert assessment method, description, etc. The scientific novelty of the study consists in assessing the factors determining the development of cheese production in the Russian Federation, as a whole, and in the Altai Region, in particular, and in developing the institutional, industry, and local vectors for its development.
Factors of socio-economic development of rural areas
Authors: Vorobyov S , Bugai Yu
Published: November 2019

The socio-economic development of rural areas is determined by a complex of factors. The paper proposes the author’s classification of factors, suggesting their division into external (regulated and unregulated by the main business entities and management structures) and internal ones. The characteristics of the main internal factors were given with respect to the sectoral specialization, infrastructure development, as well as considering certain features of the social sphere and the involvement of business entities in the processes of cooperation and economic integration.
The level and quality of food consumption as a factor in ensuring the social security of the population of the Amur region
Authors: Koryakina N , Stepakova N , Pomozova V
Published: November 2019

The article analyzes the level and quality of food consumption, identifies the main trends in the formation of the diet of the population of the Amur region. The factors affecting the consumption of basic foods are analyzed.
The role of peasant farms in the crop industry of the Altai region
Authors: Rygalov E V , Krotov A V , Zinovev A G
Published: November 2019

The article discusses the contribution of peasant (farmer) farms to the crop industry of the Altai Region. The paper estimates a share of the production of grain crops and sunflower, as well as analyzes the differentiation of these indicators within the region and the zonal change of the main indicators of farm activity.
Effect of Fructose on Preparation of Nanocrystalline Zirconium Nitride Powder by Internal Gelation Combined with Carbothermic Nitridation
Authors: Zhao S J , Ma J T , Deng C S , Lin X P , Cheng X , Hao S C , Zhao X Y
Published: November 2019

Nanocrystalline zirconium nitride (ZrN) powder was prepared by using internal gelation combined with carbothermic nitridation. As a carbon source, fructose was added in the internal gelation process to facilitate a homogeneous dispersion. Fructose was decomposed and ultrafine carbon was generated in-situ at high temperature. The ultrafine carbon acted as a reducing agent to remove oxygen atoms in carbothermic nitridation process. The effects of fructose on phase composition, morphology, grain size and specific surface area were analysed. The carbothermic nitridation led to a peculiar morphology in the powder particles. The sample with maximum content of ZrN (88.5%) can be obtained when C/Zr = 1.5. And sample with highest specific surface area (237.6 m2/g) can be realized when C/Zr = 2.
Study on Molding of Fused-Silica Material by Pressure Slip-Casting from Alcohol-Based Slurry
Authors: Cao Junchang , Sun Chenggong , Luan Ting , Xing Zhengpeng
Published: November 2019

In this manuscript a kind of alcohol-based slurry was prepared, in which the fused-silica powder, alcohol and thermosetting phenolic resin were the main components. Then, the fused-silica material was prepared by the process of pressure slip-casting, drying, curing and high temperature sintering. And at last, the properties of fused-silica material were analyzed. The slurry used for molding consisted of 82.5% fused-silica powder in which the 6 µm and 30 µm powders were at the ratio of 8:1, 17% alcohol and 0.5% phenolic resin, and settlement of the slurry was 3% after standing still for 2 hours. By pressure slip-casting at 0.5MPa pressure for 30 minutes, the green body with 12 mm thickness was obtained, and the strength of which could reach 2.3MPa after being cured at 90°C for 4 hours. After sintering at 1200°C for 2 hours, the strength of the fused-silica material reached 78MPa and the elastic modulus was 37.7GPa, and quartz and other crystalline phases did not appear in the test of XRD. Scanning electron microscopy showed that silica particles were uniformly distributed in the material.
Optimization of Curing Behavior of Si3N4 UV Resin for Photopolymerization 3D Printing
Authors: Cao Chuanru , Wang Cao , Zhao Zhe
Published: November 2019

Silicon nitride (Si3N4) ceramics are widely used in mechanical and thermal management applications due to their excellent properties. To overcome the difficulties in traditional Si3N4 ceramic forming techniques, it is interesting to see the possibility of making complex-shaped silicon nitride ceramic component with novel 3D printing methods. In this study, we aim to study the effect of photo-initiators on the curing behavior of pre-formulated Si3N4 ceramic UV resin suspension. To elucidate the potential multi-factor interactions, a statistic experiment design was implemented in a sequence of screening and optimization by using Modde software. It was found that the kinds of photo-initiators, total amount of initiators and the mixture ratio between initiators have a great influence on the curing properties of silicon nitride UV ceramic resin. Based on these results, a formula was selected based on the criterion of using least amount photo-initiator while reaching the highest curing thickness.