bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forgiveness in Poland: Rye Forgiveness Scale Adaptation and Its Longitudinal Impact on Mental Health in HIV‐Positive Individuals
Authors: Skalski‐Bednarz Sebastian Binyamin , Toussaint Loren L. , Dobrakowski Paweł
Published: December 2024

Within psychological research, the concept of forgiveness has gained recognition for its potential impact on health, underlining the need for culturally adapted assessment tools and longitudinal studies to substantiate its effects. In this two‐phase research project, we initially adapted the Rye Forgiveness Scale (RFS) to measure state forgiveness in the Polish context with 740 participants. Reliability analysis and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the RFS's structure and internal consistency (absence of negative α = 0.87, presence of positive α = 0.86, full scale α = 0.84). Positive associations with other measures of forgiveness, religiosity, connection to nature, and mental well‐being validated the scale's efficacy. The second phase evaluated the impact of state forgiveness on the mental health of 214 HIV‐positive Polish individuals across three 6‐month intervals. Utilizing the stress‐and‐coping model, this phase investigated forgiveness as a protective factor against negative mental health outcomes. The findings indicated that forgiveness could positively influence mental health, underscoring its importance in promoting well‐being among vulnerable groups. This research provides a culturally validated tool for measuring forgiveness and illuminates its health benefits, emphasizing its significance for diverse populations.
Cultivating participatory processes in self‐harm app development: A case‐study and working methodology
Authors: Babbage Camilla M. , Lockwood Joanna , Roberts Lily , Mendes Josimar , Greenhalgh Chris , Willingham Lucy‐Paige , Wokomah Emmanuel , Woodcock Rebecca , Slovak Petr , Townsend Ellen ,   the Digital Youth research team
Published: December 2024

Background

Self‐harm and suicide related behaviours are increasing in young people, and clinical support is not adequately meeting needs. Improved approaches to assessment and the clinical management of self‐harm will result from codesign processes and include greater shared decision‐making between young people and practitioners. The CaTS‐App (an adapted digital version of the existing Card‐Sort Task for Self‐harm research tool) aims to facilitate a collaborative understanding of adolescent self‐harm and support decision‐making within clinical settings. The codevelopment of a digital, clinical tool which meets the needs of multiple stakeholders requires careful consideration.

Methods

We present a case‐study describing the participatory aspects of the development of the CaTS‐App, which included comprehensive patient involvement, research activities and coproduction with diverse young people aged 17–24 with lived experience of self‐harm. We share our processes and activities to deliver safe, engaging, sustainable, ethical and responsible participatory practice and co‐created knowledge, in the codevelopment of the CaTS‐App.

Results

Activities spanned a 48‐month period in both face‐to‐face and online settings. Example processes and activities are provided in narrative, tabular and diagrammatic form, alongside discussion of the rationale for choices made. A summary methodology is also shared to stimulate continued discussion and development of participatory approaches in digital mental health.

Conclusions

The paper contributes important insight and practical detail for the delivery of genuine participatory processes in digital mental health development when working with a population who may be considered vulnerable.
Assessing Annual and Monthly Precipitation Anomalies in Ecuador Bioregions Using WorldClim CMIP6 GCM Ensemble Projections and Dynamic Time Warping
Authors: Santos Fabián , Jara José , Acosta Nicole , Galeas Raúl , de Bièvre Bert
Published: December 2024

The Coupled Model Inter‐comparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) provides a suite of general circulation models (GCMs) and Socioeconomic Shared Pathways (SSPs) primarily for continental‐scale climate assessments. However, adapting these models for sub‐national assessments, particularly in countries with varied geography like Ecuador, and for complex variables such as precipitation, introduces challenges, including uncertainties in selecting appropriate GCMs and SSPs. To address these issues, we adopt a biogeographical approach that integrates regional climatic variations. Our analysis explores 26 GCMs, four SSP scenarios and four 20‐year time frames from WorldClim to evaluate discrepancies between the GCM precipitation projections, historical data and national climate projections across five Ecuadorian bioregions. This approach enabled us to sort the GCMs by annual precipitation medians, classify their monthly precipitation using Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) clustering, and develop ensembles highlighting both the largest and average precipitation anomalies within and beyond the bioregions. Among the 26 models examined, 16 projected an increase in annual precipitation in Ecuador, especially during the wet seasons, with the BCC‐CSM2‐MR model showing peak values, notably in the Choco region and eastern Amazon basin. Conversely, 10 models, with CMCC‐ESM2 showing the largest decreases, projected reduced precipitation across almost all Ecuadorian territories, except the Choco region. The largest reductions were in the Amazon basin, raising concerns about reduced precipitation. Discrepancies, primarily in the Andes and Galapagos bioregions, reveal the challenges posed by their complex topography and insular environments. While the GCMs captured spatial patterns of ENSO, our research was constrained to 20‐year averages, making direct comparison with historical records infeasible, highlighting the need for further research with shorter time frames and finer spatial resolutions. The variability in precipitation was linked to geographical factors, GCM configurations and unexpected SSP outcomes. Therefore, selecting GCMs and climatic indices tailored to specific bioregions is recommended for effective climate change impact assessments.
Australian subtropical vegetation and wetland response to fire, climate and nutrient availability during the Holocene
Authors: Cadd Haidee , Mariani Michela , Tibby John , Tyler Jonathan , Barr Cameron , Leng Melanie J. , Moss Patrick , Lewis Richard , Cohen Tim , Marx Sam , McGregor Glenn B. , Marshall Jonathan C. , Petherick Lynda
Published: December 2024

The iconic sand dune systems of Minjerribah (North Stradbroke Island), in southeastern Queensland, Australia, host numerous lakes and swamps containing organic‐rich sediment deposits that record changes in climate, fire and surrounding vegetation. Palaeoenvironmental reconstructions from individual locations can provide insights into changes in the environment, but determining the regional extent of these changes is seldom possible from a single site. Multi‐site compilations help elucidate the geographical nature of environmental changes and determine if they are driven by local or regional forces. Here, a synthesis of palynological records from six Minjerribah wetlands using a muti‐tiered Monte Carlo empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis allows island‐wide patterns of vegetation change to be identified. Coherent changes in vegetation were recorded, with first‐order changes (EOF1) indicating a long‐term shift in vegetation composition from closed forests towards woodland and heath vegetation. A compilation of macroscopic and microscopic charcoal from the same sites shares coherent patterns of change with a rainfall record from the island, suggesting that regional fire occurrence between 7000 and 2000 cal a bp was driven primarily by long‐term variations in rainfall and its influence on biomass. Comparison with fire activity, rainfall, sedimentary carbon, nitrogen and dust records from Minjerribah suggests that regional vegetation changes occur primarily in response to long‐term changes in nutrients and increasing rainfall variability. This analysis highlights the multi‐millennial connection between vegetation composition, climate, nutrients and fire occurrence across the Holocene in subtropical environments.
Orthopedic Surgeons at Greater Risk of Malpractice Claims for Treatment of Primary Malignant Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Compared With Metastatic Bone Disease
Authors: Bayram Serkan , Oduncu Muhammed , Beşkoç Caner , Atan Yusuf
Published: December 2024

Background

The aim of this study was to examine cases of malpractice litigation in primary sarcoma and metastatic bone disease in orthopedic oncology, to identify the areas in which orthopedic surgeons may be guilty of negligence, and to make them aware of this.

Methods

A comprehensive examination was conducted on all closed medical malpractice cases involving bone and soft tissue malignant tumors from 2014 to 2024. Patient demographics, histopathological diagnosis, and malpractice claims made in a variety of specialties were recorded. The inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study resulted in the inclusion of 70 cases of primary bone and soft tissue sarcoma and 36 cases of metastatic bone disease.

Results

A total of 47 primary tumors were bone sarcoma and 23 were soft tissue sarcoma. A total of 11 patients with primary sarcoma were accepted for malpractice claims, representing 16% of all cases within this category. Nevertheless, no evidence of malpractice was identified among the patients with metastatic bone disease (p = 0.012). Orthopedists (44 of 85 defendants), pathologists (14 of 85 defendants), and radiologists (7 of 85 defendants) were the most common defendants in primary sarcoma malpractice cases. Surgeons other than orthopedists (21 of 49 defendants), medical oncologists (4 of 49 defendants), and radiation oncologists (4 of 49 defendants) were the most common defendants in metastatic bone disease malpractice cases.

Conclusion

Analysis of our cases suggests that malpractice claims are more likely filed against orthopedic surgeons for the treatment of primary malignant bone and soft tissue tumors than for metastatic bone disease.
Preoperative quadriceps malalignment is associated with poor outcomes after knee replacement which are avoided by external rotation of the femoral component
Authors: Talbot Simon , Zordan Rachel , Sasanelli Francesca , Sun Matthew
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Lateralisation of the proximal apex of the quadriceps tendon relative to the mechanical axis or external rotation relative to the femoral shaft can be accurately measured and is strongly associated with patella maltracking. The aim of this study was to first assess the association between preoperative quadriceps tendon alignment (QTA) and the patient‐reported outcomes (PROMs) of total knee replacement, and second, determine the influence of component position on outcomes in patients with preoperative quadriceps tendon malalignment (QTM).

Methods

A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was performed. All patients had preoperative and postoperative CT scans performed. PROMs were collected preoperatively and at 1 year postoperatively. QTA was measured by the quadriceps tendon axial angle (QTAx). The preoperative and postoperative coronal and axial alignment were measured. Femoral component rotation was measured relative to the preoperative posterior condyles.

Results

Analysis was conducted on 388 cases and the mean preoperative QTAx was 6.2° externally rotated (standard deviation 12.0°). QTM (QTAx > 14°) was identified in 76 (19.8%) patients. The diagnosis of QTM was associated with reduced patient outcomes including Forgotten Joint Score (60.2 vs. 51.2, p = 0.008), EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale (81.3 vs. 75.7, p = 0.009), KOOS‐12 (80.3 vs. 73.3, p = 0.001) and reduced PASS percentages for all KOOS subscales. In patients with preoperative QTM, femoral component external rotation >2° was associated with improved PROMs when compared to patients with <2° of femoral rotation. This included a clinically significant difference in the improvement of KOOS‐12 (11.7 points, p = 0.013) and improved PASS percentages in all KOOS subscales. There was no association between coronal alignment or tibial axial alignment and outcomes.

Conclusions

Quadriceps malalignment is a common cause for poorer patient outcomes following total knee replacement. This can be avoided by externally rotating the femoral component to accommodate the deformity in the extensor mechanism.

Level of Evidence

Level III, case‐control study.
Change of CPAK class does not affect functional outcomes in robotic arm‐assisted total knee arthroplasty performed with functional alignment
Authors: Bertugli Enrico , Zambianchi Francesco , Batailler Cécile , Bazzan Gabriele , Lustig Sébastien , Catani Fabio
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of post‐operative coronal plane alignment of the knee (CPAK) class change on functional outcomes and determine the rate and type of CPAK class change after image‐based robotic arm‐assisted (RA)‐total knee arthroplasty (TKA) performed with functional alignment (FA) at two different centres.

Methods

The present retrospective, observational, multicentre study included 201 patients treated with RA‐TKA between October 2020 and April 2022 at two different centres. The radiographic CPAK classification was adapted using CT images to achieve pre‐ and post‐operative knee categorization into CPAK classes. At a minimum of 1 year post‐operatively, patients were administered the Forgotten Joint Score‐12 (FJS‐12) and surveyed about their post‐operative satisfaction level using a 5‐level Likert scale (5‐LLS).

Results

The most common preoperative overall CPAK classes were: Types II, I, III, IV and V. Implant positioning after RA‐TKA with FA within the alignment boundaries, determined distribution in the CPAK classification, predominantly maintaining classes I, II, IV, and V. No statistically significant FJS‐12 differences were detected between subjects who maintained and changed their preoperative CPAK class. The mean 5‐LLS for satisfaction in patients where the preoperative CPAK class was maintained intraoperatively was 4.4 ± 1.1 (range = 1–5), while subjects having the CPAK class changed had a mean 5‐LLS of 4.4 ± SD 1.0 (range 1–5).

Conclusion

In the setting of image‐based RA‐TKA with FA, CPAK can be changed within a ‘functional safe‐zone’, without compromising functional outcomes. Good functional outcomes are the result of a stable and balanced knee with soft‐tissue preservation, regardless of the maintenance of the preoperative CPAK class.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
Accounting for Land Use Carbon Emissions Considering Differences in Wetland Types to Support the Achievement of SDG 13.2.2
Authors: Zhang Yuxun , Lin Wenpeng , Ye Yunchun , Li Yue
Published: December 2024

In recent years, the relentless rise in global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has escalated climate change. Land‐use changes, particularly those involving wetlands, significantly impact GHG emissions. However, previous studies on land‐use carbon emissions often overlooked the specific contributions of different wetland types. This study aims to assess these differential contributions and explore strategies for managing GHG emissions (SDG 13.2.2) within the United Nation's sustainable development goals. The study used the Demonstration Zone of Green and Integrated Ecological Development of the Yangtze River Delta (demonstration area) in China as a case study to accurately classify wetland types from 2016 to 2022. Wetland classification was achieved using Sentinel‐2 remote sensing imagery and parameters such as NDVI and NDWI with the application of machine learning algorithms. To explore effective carbon management strategies, a scenario analysis method was employed to simulate future carbon emission trends under various management measures based on current emission status. The results revealed significant differences in carbon emissions among wetland types. From 2016 to 2022, ponds exhibited the highest total and growth rate of carbon emissions among all wetland types, while paddy fields alone showed a decreasing trend. Through enhanced natural wetland protection, optimized management, and reduced use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, direct carbon emissions in the demonstration area were reduced by 2.61 × 105 t. Accurate wetland classification and differentiated management are crucial for carbon accounting and formulating effective reduction strategies. This study offers new insights into the sustainable development of the Yangtze River Delta.
Shyness vs Confidence: The Effect of Virtual Influencer Personalities on Social Media Users' Well‐Being and Addiction
Authors: Sattar Amna A. , Ul Haq Junaid , Saleem Aysha , Ahmad Wasim
Published: December 2024

This research investigates the influence of virtual human personalities on user well‐being and addiction in a social media context. This quantitative study engaged 550 Instagram users, focusing on contrasting shyness and confidence appeals. The participants were asked to fill out a survey via an online link in a controlled environment. Then, the structural equation modeling technique was used to test hypotheses, and multi‐group analysis was employed to compare the effects of shyness and confidence. The results indicate a positive link between the antecedents and the consequences of telepresence. This study provides managerial insights into how users perceive virtual influencers with specific personality traits, emphasizing that personality‐driven interface design can enhance virtual experiences by improving shyness and confidence. Furthermore, the findings suggest that tailoring virtual interactions to individual personalities can enhance engagement in gaming, virtual education, and workplaces. These insights can support industry managers in creating psychologically supportive and engaging virtual environments that foster positive human‐technology interactions.
‘Becoming Stronger’: Christianity, Indigenous Politics of Self‐Determination, and Endogenous Transformation in West Papua
Authors: Dale Cypri Jehan Paju
Published: December 2024

In Indonesian‐occupied West Papua, Christianity has been adopted, adapted, and transformed by the indigenous people of various ethnic groups to become part of their social and cultural landscape. Christianity has also prominently figured in their continuing struggle for political self‐determination. Based on an ethnographic and historical study of the Kingmi Church of West Papua, this article analyses the emergence of an indigenous church in a post‐mission era and interrogates how indigenous congregations transform and harness Christianity for their cultural, social, and political projects. Building upon recent developments in the Anthropology of Christianity – from the study of the impact of mission and colonial encounters to the study of indigenous churches – and using indigenous politics as an analytical lens, this article proposes a decolonial approach to the study of vernacular Christianity in West Papua. The case of Kingmi church highlights not only that Christianity shapes Papuan politics, but also that indigenous politics have shaped Christian belief, resulting in the development of an indigenous church that works on a model of endogenous transformation that is oriented towards indigenous self‐determination.
The importance of wild meat and freshwater fish for children's nutritional intake in the Congo Basin
Authors: Ickowitz Amy , Pratama Muhammad Faisal , Rahmah Mahdiyatur , Tata Caleb Yengo , Tang Erasmus Nchuaji , Ngondi Judith Laure , Mirindi Victor Buhendwa
Published: December 2024

Wild meat and freshwater fish are widely consumed in the Congo Basin, but in some areas, they are at risk of disappearing due to unsustainable hunting and fishing and changes in their habitat. Wild meat is also at risk of being eliminated from local diets due to potential policy changes such as wild meat bans. In order to understand the impacts of these potential changes on nutrition and to design appropriate policies, it is critical to understand the contributions of these wild animal source foods to individual nutrient intake.

In this study, we focus on young children who are among the most nutritionally vulnerable. We use dietary intake data from children between 1 and 5 years of age from four sites in Cameroon and Democratic Republic of Congo to estimate the contributions of wild meat and local fish to their dietary intake of protein, iron, zinc and vitamin B12 and to meeting nutritional recommendations.

Together, wild meat and fish comprised an average of 74% (rainy season) and 61% (dry season) of the quantities of animal source foods consumed by children across the sites. They contributed 23% of protein intake; 11% of iron intake; 14% of zinc intake; and 57% of Vitamin B12 intake on average across sites and seasons to those children who consumed these foods.

Results from regression analysis showed that wealth was not associated with consumption of wild meat or of local fish but was positively associated with consumption of domestic meat.

Reduced access to wild meat and fish from restrictions on hunting and fishing or due to unsustainable practices could have negative consequences on child nutrition in the Congo Basin. These would likely be greater for poorer households since they have fewer ASF alternatives compared to wealthier households.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Insights into electrospun polymeric nanofiber mats: an innovative dressing for wound healing applications
Authors: Rajchal Bimal , Thapa Yub Narayan , Karki Deepshikha , Prajapati Prabha , Adhikari Rameshwar
Published: December 2024

Wound management is a complex clinical challenge that needs advanced materials and techniques for satisfactory results. Electrospun nanofiber mats have emerged as an innovative alternative for wound healing purposes due to their porous architecture, greater surface area, ease of water absorption, mimicry of the extracellular matrix of natural tissues and tunable mechanical properties. This paper sheds light on recent advances in the fabrication techniques, properties, structural features and application of electrospun polymeric nanofiber mats for wound healing purposes emphasizing the importance of polymer selection and processing parameters in tailoring their physicochemical properties. Furthermore, the review explores the underlying principles of the wound healing process and various approaches to incorporating bioactive agents into nanofiber mats to enhance their biological performance and wound healing potential. The possibility of embedding stimuli‐responsive sensors into the nanofiber mats to develop smart mats is also briefly explored. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Lignin Derivative–Sulfur Composites
Authors: Kapuge Dona Nawoda L. , Sauceda‐Oloño Perla Y. , Smith Rhett C.
Published: December 2024

Lignin, comprising 20%–35% of lignocellulosic biomass, is the second most abundant biopolymer after cellulose. As the bioethanol industry expands, the accumulation of lignin by‐products necessitates innovative valorization strategies. This study explores the synthesis and characterization of lignin‐derived composites. Specifically, the reaction of 20 wt. % lignin‐derived guaiacol or syringol with 80 wt. % elemental sulfur gives composites GS80 and SS80, respectively. The chemical structures of composites were elucidated using GC–MS, 1H NMR, and UV–Vis spectroscopy, revealing the formation of both SCaryl and SCalkyl bonds. Thermal and morphological analysis (via TGA, DSC, PXRD, and SEM‐EDS) indicated SS80 has higher crystallinity and thermal stability than GS80, attributed to a higher degree of crosslinking and a greater content of dark sulfur. Mechanical testing showed SS80 exhibits superior compressional and flexural strengths, and enhanced Young's modulus and Shore hardness, compared to GS80. Notably, the mechanical strength parameters for SS80 are comparable to those of C62 class bricks used in construction applications. These findings suggest that lignin‐derived composites, particularly those incorporating syringol, can provide viable alternatives to traditional materials in various applications, contributing to both waste valorization and sustainable materials science.
Silica‐Coated Hybrid Perovskite Catalysts for Well‐Controlled PET‐RAFT Polymerization in Polar Solvents
Authors: Zhang Weijie , Zhang Yuxiang , Xiao Jingjing , Wang Xiaowei , Liu Lei , Han Jibin , Wang Hui , Feng Anchao
Published: December 2024

Lead halide perovskite has currently emerged as a research hotspot in the field of photocatalysis due to its exceptional photovoltaic characteristics. Despite its potential, the susceptibility to degradation under harsh conditions such as light, humidity, and polar solvents poses a significant challenge. To counteract this, a strategy employing silica to shield the perovskite surface is conducted, thereby enhancing its stability. The resulting composite MAPbBr3@SiO2 is then deployed as a photocatalyst in the photoinduced electron/energy transfer reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (PET‐RAFT) polymerization of butyl acrylate within polar solvents. The catalytic performance across different RAFT polymerization systems including varying the RAFT reagents, catalyst concentrations, and solvent types is meticulously examined. Remarkably, with a photocatalyst loading of merely 0.004 wt% and under a blue light intensity of 6 mW/cm2, over 80% monomer conversion can be achieved in 4 h. Moreover, the molecular weight distribution (Đ) consistently remains within the narrow range of 1.0–1.2 across all experimental setups, which proves the controllable nature of the PET‐RAFT process. Owning the advantages of low photocatalyst requirement, compatibility with polar solvents, and narrow molecular weight distribution, PET‐RAFT polymerization mediated by MAPbBr3@SiO2 holds promise for scalable manufacturing and industrial‐scale applications.
Histopathologic Features and Transcriptomic Signatures Do Not Solve the Issue of Magnetic Resonance Imaging‐Invisible Prostate Cancers: A Matched‐Pair Analysis
Authors: Oderda Marco , Marquis Alessandro , Bertero Luca , Calleris Giorgio , Faletti Riccardo , Gatti Marco , Mangherini Luca , Orlando Giulia , Marra Giancarlo , Ruggirello Irene , Vissio Elena , Cassoni Paola , Gontero Paolo
Published: December 2024

Background

Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) is pivotal in prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis, but some clinically significant (cs) PCa remain undetected. This study aims to understand the pathological and molecular basis for csPCa visibility at mpMRI.

Methods

We performed a retrospective matched‐pair cohort study, including patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) for csPCa (i.e., ISUP grade group ≥ 2) from 2015 to 2020, in our tertiary‐referral center. We screened for inclusion in the “mpMRI‐invisible” cohort all consecutive men (N = 45) having a negative preoperative mpMRI. The “mpMRI‐visible” cohort was matched based on age, PSA, prostate volume, ISUP grade group. Included patients underwent radiological and pathological open‐label revisions and characterization of the tumor mRNA expression profile (analyzing 780 gene transcripts, signaling pathways, and cell‐type profiling). We compared the clinical‐pathological variables and the gene expression profile between matched pairs. The analysis was stratified according to histological characteristics and lesion diameter.

Results

We included 34 patients (17 per cohort); mean age at RP and PSA were 70.5 years (standard deviation [SD] = 7.7), 7.1 ng/mL (SD = 3.3), respectively; 65% of men were ISUP 2. Overall, no significant differences in histopathological features, tumor diameter and location, mRNA profile, pathways, and cell‐type scores emerged between cohorts. In the stratified analysis, an upregulation of cell adhesion and motility, of extracellular matrix remodeling and of metastatic process pathways was present in specific subgroups of mpMRI‐invisible cancers.

Conclusions

No PCa pathological or gene‐expression hallmarks explaining mp‐MRI invisibility were identified. Aggressive features can be present both in mpMRI‐invisible and ‐visible tumors.
Does the Development Level of the Origin Country of International Students Influence Where They Enrol? A Case Study of the Netherlands
Authors: Weber Tijmen , van Mol Christof , Wolbers Maarten H. J.
Published: December 2024

In this paper we investigate the relationship between the development level of international students' origin countries and within‐country destination preferences. We theorize that international students from lower developed countries are more likely to choose higher quality study programmes and enrol in fields of studies that are regarded to have better career prospects. International students from higher developed countries, on the contrary, are theorized to show more variety in the fields of study they enrol, and to be more likely to enrol in institutions that are in cities with more amenities. To test these hypotheses, we make use of a full population data set containing nearly every international student in the Netherlands for the years 2016–2019. Our results suggest that students from lower developed countries are indeed more likely to enrol in fields of studies traditionally associated with better labour market outcomes. We also find evidence that master students from lower developed countries are more likely to enrol in higher quality programmes, while master students from higher developed countries are more likely to choose institutions in cities that are larger and/or have more amenities. Interestingly, for bachelor students the results are less conclusive. Together, these findings offer new insights to the existing literature and open up new avenues for research which could help us better understand the heterogeneity in international students' enrolment decisions.
Chemically‐Linked Heterostructures of Palladium Nanosheets and 2H‐MoS2
Authors: Quirós‐Ovies Ramiro , Bastante Pablo , Hettler Simon , Vega‐Mayoral Víctor , Aina Sergio , Balos Vasileios , Pucher Thomas , Castellanos‐Gomez Andrés , Arenal Raul , Cabanillas‐Gonzalez Juan , Pérez Emilio M. , Santamaría Jesús , Sebastian Víctor
Published: December 2024

The burgeoning field of 2D heterostructures targets the combination of 2D materials with 3D, 1D, or 0D nanomaterials. Among the most popular 2D materials, the 2H polytype of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) features a well‐defined bandgap that becomes direct at the monolayer level, which can be exploited for photodetection. A notable limitation of 2H‐MoS2 is its curtailed absorbance beyond the visible range. Here, a covalently‐linked Pd nanosheet (PdNS)/functionalized MoS2 (f‐MoS2) heterostructure is introduced, leveraging PdNS infrared‐absorbing properties to surmount this constraint. A bifunctional molecule, featuring a maleimide for attachment to MoS2 and a phenyl bromide for connection to PdNS, enables the synthesis of the heterostructure. Comprehensive spectroscopic and microscopic characterization shed light on the structure of PdNS@f‐MoS2 and the electronic interaction between its components. Prototype devices show an enhancement in the width and intensity of the optoelectronic response of PdNS@f‐MoS2 in the infrared, up to 1700 nm. In comparison, a van der Waals heterostructure with the same components shows poorer photoresponse. The results prove that the covalent linkage of metal nanostructures to 2D materials is a promising approach to build mixed‐dimensional heterostructures.
177Lu‐Gold Nanohybrids in Radiotherapeutic Approaches Against Cancer
Authors: Ponchelle Mathilde , Pruszyński Marek , Gravel Edmond , Doris Eric
Published: December 2024

Internal radionuclide therapy using lutetium‐177 (177Lu)‐based radiopharmaceuticals has emerged as a promising approach in the field of nuclear medicine and oncology. Combining the radioactive lanthanide with high atomic number metal nanoparticles such as gold potentiates the radiotoxicity of lutetium by an amplification process. 177Lu‐gold nanohybrids have been investigated by various research groups, both in vitro and in vivo, to decipher the physicochemical, radiochemical, and biological factors that would enable selective and optimal dose deposition in tumors. This review focuses on 177Lu‐gold tailored approaches that are developed in the literature to locally enhance internal radiotherapeutic effects.
What, When, Where, and How Many? A Systematic Review of Technical Measure Selection Guidance in Systems Engineering Literature
Authors: Eaton Casey E. , Campo Kelly X. , Longhurst August , Mesmer Bryan , Ferreira Susan
Published: December 2024

The decisions that direct system development are based on assessments of a system, referred to as technical measures. Systems engineers select the set of technical measures for each system, informed by previous systems, guidebooks, and systems engineering research. If guidance for selecting technical measures is contradictory or does not ensure that a satisfactory set is selected, then the selected set of technical measures may not facilitate directing a system development as desired. Within large‐scale complex engineered systems development, a technical measure set provides clear targets for a system and can be used to coordinate and integrate efforts by many individuals and teams. This systematic literature review of 89 academic and industry developed engineering literature sources examines over 2500 guidance statements for technical measure selection. Most guidance provides examples or abstract qualities that technical measures should exhibit. Such guidance can result in multiple sets of technical measures that each drive toward different designs. The guidance identifies origins for technical measure selection, such as from stakeholders, but lacks detail on how to elicit a set of technical measures from stakeholders. This research's systematic literature review audits the consistency, contradictions, and omissions in current guidance for selecting technical measures. From these findings, we seek to establish evidence‐based research needs in technical measure selection.
Kein Richtiges Leben im Falschen? Die Grenzen der Verkehrswende unter herrschenden Bedingungen
Authors: Knie Andreas
Published: December 2024

Moderne Gesellschaften sind bewegungsintensiv, die wirtschaftlichen Verteilungsspielräume werden durch eine systematische Absenkung des Widerstandes des Raumes realisiert. Im Mittelpunkt steht dabei die Verkehrsinfrastruktur für den Personen- und Güterverkehr. Während in den Sektoren Industrie, Landwirtschaft und private Haushalte eine Reduktion der Treibhausgase auch unter den herrschenden Bedingungen durch den Einsatz von technischen Innovationen möglich wurde, ist dies beim Verkehr – abgesehen von den Effekten der Corona-Pandemie – bislang nicht gelungen. Die Sozialwissenschaften haben verpasst, die Bedeutung des Autos für die Gesellschaftsbildung und ihre ökonomische und soziale Stabilisierung ausreichend deutlich zu machen und stehen deshalb jetzt unter Zugzwang, normative Ansätze in der Klimapolitik ins Machbare zu übersetzen und die Frage zu beantworten, was innerhalb der bestehenden Grundordnung an Veränderungen basaler Funktionselemente überhaupt möglich ist. Bislang sind die Versuche einer „Verkehrswende“ noch nicht wirklich gelungen. Die entscheidenden Fragen, wo und unter welchen Umständen sich Reformen überhaupt realisieren lassen und welche Rolle dabei auch die Sozialwissenschaften selbst spielen, sind erst noch zu beantworten.
Typical Macroscopic Long-Time Behavior for Random Hamiltonians
Authors: Teufel Stefan , Tumulka Roderich , Vogel Cornelia
Published: December 2024

We consider a closed macroscopic quantum system in a pure state $$\psi _t$$

ψ
t

evolving unitarily and take for granted that different macro states correspond to mutually orthogonal subspaces $${\mathcal {H}}_\nu $$

H
ν

(macro spaces) of Hilbert space, each of which has large dimension. We extend previous work on the question what the evolution of $$\psi _t$$

ψ
t

looks like macroscopically, specifically on how much of $$\psi _t$$

ψ
t

lies in each $${\mathcal {H}}_\nu $$

H
ν

. Previous bounds concerned the absolute error for typical $$\psi _0$$

ψ
0

and/or t and are valid for arbitrary Hamiltonians H; now, we provide bounds on the relative error, which means much tighter bounds, with probability close to 1 by modeling H as a random matrix, more precisely as a random band matrix (i.e., where only entries near the main diagonal are significantly nonzero) in a basis aligned with the macro spaces. We exploit particularly that the eigenvectors of H are delocalized in this basis. Our main mathematical results confirm the two phenomena of generalized normal typicality (a type of long-time behavior) and dynamical typicality (a type of similarity within the ensemble of $$\psi _0$$

ψ
0

from an initial macro space). They are based on an extension we prove of a no-gaps delocalization result for random matrices by Rudelson and Vershynin (Geom Funct Anal 26:1716–1776, 2016).
The Cuntz semigroup of a ring
Authors: Antoine Ramon , Ara Pere , Bosa Joan , Perera Francesc , Vilalta Eduard
Published: December 2024

For any ring R, we introduce an invariant in the form of a partially ordered abelian semigroup

$${\mathrm S}(R)$$

S
(
R
)

built from an equivalence relation on the class of countably generated projective modules. We call

$${\mathrm S}(R)$$

S
(
R
)

the Cuntz semigroup of the ring R. This construction is akin to the manufacture of the Cuntz semigroup of a C*-algebra using countably generated Hilbert modules. To circumvent the lack of a topology in a general ring R, we deepen our understanding of countably projective modules over R, thus uncovering new features in their direct limit decompositions, which in turn yields two equivalent descriptions of

$${\mathrm S}(R)$$

S
(
R
)

. The Cuntz semigroup of R is part of a new invariant

$$\textrm{SCu}(R)$$

SCu
(
R
)

which includes an ambient semigroup in the category of abstract Cuntz semigroups that provides additional information. We provide computations for both

$${\mathrm S}(R)$$

S
(
R
)

and

$$\textrm{SCu}(R)$$

SCu
(
R
)

in a number of interesting situations, such as unit-regular rings, semilocal rings, and in the context of nearly simple domains. We also relate our construcion to the Cuntz semigroup of a C*-algebra.
Comprehensive analysis of the bacterial spectrum for enhanced clinical insight in microbial ureteral stent colonization, uncomplicated urinary tract infections and catheter-associated urinary tract infections: a principal component analysis-based literature review
Authors: Lepori Matilde , Braissant Olivier , Bonkat Gernot , Rieken Malte
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Controversies exist regarding the prevailing spectrum of microorganisms in microbial ureteral stent colonization (MUSC) and their clinical significance. The aim of this comprehensive review is to determine the predominant microbial spectrum in patients with an indwelling ureteral stent in comparison to catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) and uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTI).

Methods

Google scholar, PubMed, Embase, Medline, and Cochrane literature databases were searched from inception to April 2022 to identify manuscripts on MUSC, uncomplicated UTI and CAUTI. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to identify patterns of the pathogen spectrum of the different groups.

Results

We included 29 studies on MUSC, 28 studies on uncomplicated UTI and 23 CAUTI studies. The proportion of Staphylococci, Enterococci and Candida were significantly higher in MUSC and stent associated bacteriuria compared to their proportion in uncomplicated UTIs where E. coli dominates. By comparing MUSC, CAUTI and UTI with a PCA, the detected pathogen spectrum exhibited clearly distinguishable trends in the frequency of the main isolated pathogens influencing these three groups of urinary tract infections. With respect to MUSC and UTI, their 95% confidence interval ellipse only showed minimal overlap emphasizing that the spectrum of pathogens in the two groups is clearly distinct.

Conclusions

The frequency of detection of Staphylococci, Enterococci and Candida is more common in MUSC as compared to UTI. Thus, patients with indwelling ureteral stents should undergo an antimicrobial prophylaxis targeting this microbial spectrum in case of further surgery.
Is work burden associated with postmenopausal breast cancer? A population-based 25-year follow-up
Authors: Kalliosaari Maria , Rikkonen T. , Sund R. , Tuppurainen M.
Published: December 2024

Objective

To study the association between breast cancer and work burden over 25 years.

Methods

The study was based on the Kuopio Osteoporosis Risk Factor and Prevention (OSTPRE) cohort (n = 14,220) and included women who had answered the questionnaire from the year 1994 and had no previous breast cancer. Breast cancer cases were recorded from the Finnish Cancer Registry during the study period: from 1st June 1994 till December 31, 2019. Using questionnaires, we collected information on work burden, body mass index (BMI), menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), alcohol consumption, parity, and family history of breast cancer. Work burden was categorized as low or high. Variables were used both in the univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses to explore their associations with breast cancer.

Results

Altogether 825 women (6.9%) were diagnosed with breast cancer during the study period with a mean follow-up of 13.3 ± 7.2 years. Women with breast cancer were compared to those without breast cancer during the follow-up period (n = 11,117). A low work burden was associated with a 1.3-fold higher incidence of breast cancer (95% confidence interval 1.2–1.6) than a high work burden. Low work burden was associated with an increased breast cancer risk.

Conclusion

Low work burden is associated with elevated postmenopausal breast cancer risk in the 25-year follow-up period.
Increased EBNA1-specific antibody response in primary-progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Comabella Manuel , Hegen Harald , Villar Luisa M. , Rejdak Konrad , Sao-Avilés Augusto , Behrens Malina , Sastre-Garriga Jaume , Mongay Neus , Berek Klaus , Martínez-Yelamos Sergio , Pérez-Miralles Francisco , Abdelhak Ahmed , Bachhuber Franziska , Tumani Hayrettin , Lycke Jan , Carbonell-Mirabent Pere , Valls-Carbó Adrián , Rosenstein Igal , Alvarez-Lafuente Roberto , Castillo-Triviño Tamara , Otaegui David , Llufriu Sara , Blanco Yolanda , Sánchez-López Antonio J. , García-Merino Antonio , Fissolo Nicolás , Gutiérrez Lucía , Villacieros-Álvarez Javier , Monreal Enric , Wiendl Heinz , Montalban Xavier , Lünemann Jan D.
Published: December 2024

Background and objectives

The impact of viral infections on disease susceptibility and progression has predominantly been studied in patients with relapse-onset MS (RMS). Here, we determined immune responses to ubiquitous viruses in patients with primary progressive MS (PPMS).

Methods

Antibody responses to Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), specifically to the latent EBV nuclear antigen 1 and the lytic viral capsid antigen VCA, human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), and measles virus were determined in a cohort of 68 PPMS patients with a mean follow-up of 8 years and compared with 66 healthy controls matched for sex and age.

Results

Compared with controls, PPMS patients showed increased humoral immune responses to the EBV-encoded nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA1), but not to the lytic EBV capsid antigen (VCA) or to other viral antigens. Seroprevalence rates for HCMV were significantly higher in PPMS. Antiviral immune responses at baseline did not correlate with disability progression over time.

Discussion

Elevated immune responses toward EBNA1 are selectively increased in people with primary progressive disease, indicating a link between EBNA1-targeting immune responses and the development of both RMS and PPMS. Our data also suggest that chronic HCMV infection is associated with progressive MS.
An update on immune-based alpha-synuclein trials in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Alfaidi Maha , Barker Roger A. , Kuan Wei-Li
Published: December 2024

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a prevalent, chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterised by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and other brain regions. The aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) into Lewy bodies and neurites is a key pathological feature associated with PD and its progression. Many therapeutic studies aim to target these aggregated forms of α-syn to potentially slow down or stop disease progression in PD. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent clinical trials involving vaccines and monoclonal antibodies targeting α-syn. Specifically, UB-312, AFFITOPE PD01A, PD03A and ACI-7104.056 are designed to provoke an immune response against α-syn (active immunisation), while Prasinezumab and Cinpanemab, MEDI1341 and Lu AF82422 focus on directly targeting α-syn aggregates (passive immunisation). Despite some promising results, challenges such as variable efficacy and trial discontinuations persist. Future research must address these challenges to advance disease-modifying therapies for PD around this therapeutic target.
Machine learning and deep learning algorithms in stroke medicine: a systematic review of hemorrhagic transformation prediction models
Authors: Issaiy Mahbod , Zarei Diana , Kolahi Shahriar , Liebeskind David S.
Published: December 2024

Background

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, with hemorrhagic transformation (HT) further worsening outcomes. Traditional scoring systems have limited predictive accuracy for HT in AIS. Recent research has explored machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms for stroke management. This study evaluates and compares the effectiveness of ML and DL algorithms in predicting HT post-AIS, benchmarking them against conventional models.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and IEEE, initially yielding 1421 studies. After screening, 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. The Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) was used to assess the quality of these studies, and a qualitative synthesis was performed due to heterogeneity in the study design.

Results

The included studies featured diverse ML and DL algorithms, with Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest (RF) being the most common. Gradient boosting (GB) showed superior performance. Median Area Under the Curve (AUC) values were 0.91 for GB, 0.83 for RF, 0.77 for LR, and 0.76 for SVM. Neural networks had a median AUC of 0.81 and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) had a median AUC of 0.91. ML techniques outperformed conventional models, particularly those integrating clinical and imaging data.

Conclusions

ML and DL models significantly surpass traditional scoring systems in predicting HT. These advanced models enhance clinical decision-making and improve patient outcomes. Future research should address data expansion, imaging protocol standardization, and model transparency to enhance stroke outcomes further.