bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Überlegungen zum Lernen mit und über Medien im Zeitalter der Digitalisierung
Authors: Moser Heinz
Published: May 2021

Auch wenn die Medienpädagogik als erziehungswissenschaftliche Disziplin erst seit den 70er Jahren des 20. Jahrhunderts existiert, sind Fragen nach dem Lernen mit und über Medien schon weit früher diskutiert worden. Schule als Institution des Lernens war immer schon mit Medien verbunden, welche die direkte Anschaulichkeit der Welt über Fibeln und Lesebücher mit den darauf bezogenen kognitiven Strukturen verbanden und so «Lernen» ermöglichten. Lesen und Vorlesen beruhen auf Medien, mit denen Erfahrungen mit der Welt versprachlicht und damit gleichsam auf der Basis von Buchstaben «abstrakt» gemacht werden können. Der Abacus als didaktisches Hilfsmittel ist z. B. ein Medium, um den Begriff der Zahlen anschaulich zu machen und das Lernen von Zahlen zu unterstützen. Die Entwicklung der Medienpädagogik als eigene Fachdisziplin ist dann aber erst mit den technischen Medien aufgekommen – dies zuerst auf einer analogen Basis wie Film, Radio, Fernseher, Kinderkassetten etc. in diesem Beitrag soll aufgezeigt werden, wie sich die Situation der Medienpädagogik im Rahmen der Digitalisierung nochmals verändert hat und welche neuen Konzepte und Perspektiven damit verbunden sind. Dabei soll deutlich werden, wie manche der alten Überlegungen wie z. B. das Programmieren in neuem Gewand wieder erscheinen, und wie sich Medienpädagogik im Zeitalter der Digitalisierung verändern muss, wenn sie eine Zukunft haben will.
Morphological and Physiological Responses of Ornamental Grasses to Saline Water Irrigation
Authors: Xing Haifeng , Hershkowitz Julie , Paudel Asmita , Sun Youping , Chen Ji Jhong , Dai Xin , Chappell Matthew
Published: May 2021

Reclaimed water provides a reliable and economical alternative source of irrigation water for landscape use but may have elevated levels of salts that are detrimental to sensitive landscape plants. Landscape professionals must use salt-tolerant plants in regions where reclaimed water is used. Ornamental grasses are commonly used as landscape plants in the Intermountain West of the United States due to low maintenance input, drought tolerance, and unique texture. Six ornamental grass species, including Acorus gramineus (Japanese rush), Andropogon ternarius (silver bluestem), Calamagrostis ×acutiflora (feather reed grass), Carex morrowii (Japanese sedge), Festuca glauca (blue fescue), and Sporobolus heterolepis (prairie dropseed), were evaluated for salinity tolerance. Plants were irrigated every 4 days with a fertilizer solution at an electrical conductivity (EC) of 1.2 dS·m–1 (control) or with a saline solution at an EC of 5.0 dS·m–1 (EC 5) or 10.0 dS·m–1 (EC 10). At 47 days, most species in EC 5 exhibited good visual quality with averaged visual scores greater than 4.6 (0 = dead, 5 = excellent). In EC 10, most A. gramineus plants died, but C. ×acutiflora, F. glauca, and S. heterolepis had no foliar salt damage. At 95 days, C. ×acutiflora, F. glauca, and S. heterolepis in EC 5 had good visual quality with averaged visual scores greater than 4.5. Acorus gramineus, A. ternarius, and C. morrowii showed foliar salt damage with averaged visual scores of 2.7, 3.2, and 3.4, respectively. In EC 10, A. gramineus died, and other grass species exhibited moderate to severe foliar salt damage, except C. ×acutiflora, which retained good visual quality. Plant height, leaf area, number of tillers, shoot dry weight, and/or gas exchange parameters also decreased depending on plant species, salinity level, and the duration of exposure to salinity stress. In conclusion, A. gramineus was the most salt-sensitive species, whereas C. ×acutiflora was the most salt-tolerant species. Festuca glauca and S. heterolepis were more tolerant to salinity than A. ternarius and C. morrowii. Calamagrostis ×acutiflora, F. glauca, and S. heterolepis appear to be more suitable for landscapes in which reclaimed water is used for irrigation. Plant responses to saline water irrigation in this research could also be applied to landscapes in salt-prone areas and coastal regions with saltwater intrusion into aquifers and landscapes affected by maritime salt spray.
Hexagonal magnetite in Algoma-type banded iron formations of the ca. 2.52 Ga Baizhiyan Formation, North China: Evidence for a green rust precursor?
Authors: Sun Longfei , Lechte Maxwell , Shi Xiaoying , Zhou Xiqiang , Zhou Limin , Fang Hao , Xie Baozeng , Wu Mengting , Tang Dongjie
Published: May 2021

Banded iron formations (BIFs) are iron-rich marine chemical sedimentary rocks, and their mineralogy and geochemistry can be used to gain insights into ancient ocean chemistry and biospheric evolution. Magnetite is the major iron-bearing mineral in many BIFs (particularly in the Archean) and is variably interpreted to be of primary, early diagenetic, or metamorphic origin. Different genetic interpretations for magnetite lead to divergent pictures of the Precambrian Earth system and its evolutionary models through time. The Baizhiyan Formation of the Neoarchean Wutai Group (Shanxi, North China) features magnetite-bearing, Algoma-type BIFs deposited ca. 2.52 Ga, in the lead-up to a major period of global iron formation deposition in the Paleoproterozoic. Abundant magnetite crystals found in the silica-rich bands of these BIFs show euhedral, hexagonal morphology. We suggest that this hexagonal magnetite likely represents pseudomorphs after green rust, a mixed-valence iron hydroxy-salt formed in the water column. The rare earth element composition of the BIFs shows negligible to slightly positive Ce anomalies (CeSN/CeSN* = 1.03 ± 0.07), which is characteristic of a dominantly anoxic water column. The presence of positive Eu anomalies (EuSN/EuSN* <3.9) suggests a substantial influence from proximal hydrothermal fluids. The co-occurrence of siderite layers associated with the magnetite-bearing strata may indicate iron cycling associated with ferruginous bottom seawater conditions. Geochemical signatures of the Baizhiyan BIFs are consistent with the interpretation that the magnetite was transformed from metastable green rust. This green rust could have formed via several processes, including the partial oxidation of Fe(II) by molecular oxygen/photoferrotrophs, the reaction of settling ferrihydrite with Fe(II)-rich hydrothermal fluids under anoxic conditions, or local dissimilatory iron reduction. In all cases, the contribution of primary green rust to BIF formation requires iron redox cycling, and similar pseudomorphs in the form of hexagonal magnetite may be more common in the geological record. Our findings support the models in which green rust was an important primary constituent of the Precambrian iron cycle, and the potential interactions of green rust with other elements (e.g., phosphorus) should be taken into consideration when reconstructing Precambrian biogeochemical cycles.
Leadership and Motivation to Performance through Job Satisfaction of Hotel Employees at D'Merlion Batam
Authors: Rivaldo Yandra
Published: May 2021

COVID-19 era demanded that we became productive in improving performance, involvement of leaders, high motivation and someone's satisfaction at work are measures for business continuity and able to contribute to national economic recovery. The research objective was to confirm the theory with empirical evidence that focuses on leadership, employee motivation, employee job satisfaction and employee performance. The research used a causal model survey method using path analysis techniques. The population were 45 employees of the D'Merlion Hotel Batam, the sample was taken using the census method. The significance value of leadership on job satisfaction is 0,082 > 0,05, it is concluded that direct leadership has no significant effect on job satisfaction. The significance value of motivation on job satisfaction is 0,000 < 0,05, which implies that motivation has a significant direct effect on job satisfaction. The significance value of leadership on performance is 0,000 < 0,05 which means that leadership has a significant direct effect on employee performance. The significance value of motivation on performance is 0,009 < 0,05 showing that motivation has a significant direct effect on employee performance. The significance value of job satisfaction on performance is 0,008 < 0,05, so job satisfaction directly has a significant effect on employee performance.
Degradation of Reactive Dyes by Thermally Activated Persulfate and Reuse of Treated Textile Dye-Bath
Authors: Basilio Amanda , Dohler Lucas , Servin Matheus , Gouvea Carlos , Ribeiro Ronny , Peralta-Zamora Patricio
Published: May 2021

Due to the usual resistance of textile dyes to conventional biological treatment processes, the color removal of dyeing wastewaters remains a challenge for the textile industry. This work evaluates the capacity of advanced oxidation processes based on thermally-activated persulfate concerning textile dyes’ degradation in aqueous solution and the reuse of dyeing baths. Preliminary studies were carried out in a bench-scale jacketed reactor, using Reactive Black 5 (40 mg L-1) as a model dye. Almost complete dye degradation was observed in 60 min in this stage, using 300 mg L-1 of persulfate and activation temperatures of 80 ºC, basically due to the action of radical sulfate. The use of high concentrations of persulfate (1000 mg L-1) allowed efficient color removal of dyeing baths containing remazol dyes in processes activated at 80 and 90 ºC. However, the wastewaters treated under these conditions did not lead to high dyeing efficiency in reuse studies, probably due to residual persulfate presence. In contrast, low concentrations of persulfate (250 mg L-1) lead to partial color removal and a better dyeing quality. The results suggest a good potential for treating high-temperature dyeing baths, saving water and auxiliary agents used in textile dyeing processes.
Bioactive Compounds Involved in the Formation of the Sparse Understory Vegetation in Pine Forests
Authors: Kato-Noguchi Hisashi
Published: May 2021

The spices of Pinus, the most widespread genus of the Pinaceae family in the
northern hemisphere, often have sparse understory vegetation. However, sunlight intensity on
the pine forest floor is sufficient for undergrowth. Allelopathy, therefore, is considered to be
involved in the formation of sparse understory vegetation. The evidence for the allelopathy of
several pine species has accumulated in the literature over the decades. Extracts of pine needle-
like leaves, roots, litter, and soil under pine trees suppressed several plant species, including
undergrowth plant species of pine forests. A substantial number of secondary metabolites
such as terpenoids, phenolics, cinnamic acids, carboxylic acids, fatty acids, and flavonoids
have been identified in pine needles and roots, litter and soil under pine trees. The evidence
also suggests that some of these compounds are probably released into the soil through the
decomposition of the plant litter, and into the surrounding environment as volatiles. The most active compounds
found in the pine soil were methyl 15-hydroxy-7-oxodehydroabietate and 7-oxodehydroabietic acid; both compounds
may also be formed through the degradation of resin acids, which were found abundantly in pine trees. Bioactive
compounds released into the soil and surrounding environment possibly act as allelochemicals and suppress the invasion
of undergrowth plants into the forests, resulting in the establishment of the sparse understory vegetation. The
paper summarized the allelopathic activity of 16 Pinus species and 38 allelochamicals.
Pyrogallol Induces Antimicrobial Effect and Cell Membrane Disruption
on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Authors: Chew Yik-Ling , Arasi Chairunnisa , Goh Joo-Kheng
Published: May 2021

Background:

Pyrogallol is present naturally in numerous plants. It is also an important
functional group in many polyphenol compounds.

Objectives:

The antibacterial activity, efficacy, and mechanism of pyrogallol towards MRSA
strains were evaluated.

Methods:

Microbroth dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration
(MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Time-kill kinetic assay was adopted
to determine the killing pattern of pyrogallol towards MRSA. The antibacterial mechanism was determined
using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform-Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy
and crystal violet assay.

Results:

Pyrogallol exhibited strong antibacterial activity against MRSA with MIC and MBC 15.6
μg/mL. Pyrogallol could inhibit the exponential growth of MRSA and kill the bacterial cells at
higher concentrations. Pyrogallol was found targeting the cell membrane fatty acids, proteins/peptides,
polysaccharides/carbohydrates and peptidoglycan of cell walls in the antibacterial mechanism.
This has been confirmed through SEM, FT-IR spectroscopy and crystal violet assay.

Conclusion :

Overall, the findings suggest that pyrogallol has the potential to be used as antibiotics
which are used to treat multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Analysis of Apps With a Medication List Functionality for Older Adults With Heart Failure Using the Mobile App Rating Scale and the IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics Functionality Score: Evaluation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Diaz-Skeete Yohanca Maria , McQuaid David , Akinosun Adewale Samuel , Ekerete Idongesit , Carragher Natacha , Carragher Lucia
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

Managing the care of older adults with heart failure (HF) largely centers on medication management. Because of frequent medication or dosing changes, an app that supports these older adults in keeping an up-to-date list of medications could be advantageous. During the COVID-19 pandemic, HF outpatient consultations are taking place virtually or by telephone. An app with the capability to share a patient’s medication list with health care professionals before consultation could support clinical efficiency, for example, by reducing consultation time. However, the influence of apps on maintaining an up-to-date medication history for older adults with HF in Ireland remains largely unexplored.

OBJECTIVE

The aims of this review are twofold: to review apps with a medication list functionality and to assess the quality of the apps included in the review using the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) and the IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics functionality scale.

METHODS

A systematic search of apps was conducted in June 2019 using the Google Play Store and iTunes App Store. The MARS was used independently by 4 researchers to assess the quality of the apps using an Android phone and an iPad. Apps were also evaluated using the IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics functionality score.

RESULTS

Google Play and iTunes App store searches identified 483 potential apps (292 from Google Play and 191 from iTunes App stores). A total of 6 apps (3 across both stores) met the inclusion criteria. Of the 6 apps, 4 achieved an acceptable MARS score (3/5). The Medisafe app had the highest overall MARS score (4/5), and the Medication List & Medical Records app had the lowest overall score (2.5/5). On average, the apps had 8 functions based on the IMS functionality criteria (range 5-11). A total of 2 apps achieved the maximum score for number of features (11 features) according to the IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics functionality score, and 2 scored the lowest (5 features). Peer-reviewed publications were identified for 3 of the apps.

CONCLUSIONS

The quality of current apps with medication list functionality varies according to their technical aspects. Most of the apps reviewed have an acceptable MARS objective quality (ie, the overall quality of an app). However, subjective quality (ie, satisfaction with the apps) was poor. Only 3 apps are based on scientific evidence and have been tested previously. A total of 2 apps featured all the IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics functionalities, and half did not provide clear instructions on how to enter medication data, did not display vital parameter data in an easy-to-understand format, and did not guide users on how or when to take their medication.
Quantity Surveyors’ Response to the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Mixed Method Approach
Authors: Hansen Seng , Rostiyanti Susy F , Rizaldi Rizaldi , Andjarwati Clara
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 outbreak began at the end of 2019, and has evolved to a pandemic threatening various industries’ sustainability. Decisive actions have been taken to tackle the pandemic’s spread, however, various impacts continue to be felt by many industries, including the construction industry. This paper therefore focuses on the COVID-19 outbreak’s impact on Quantity Surveyors’ (QS) construction projects and activities, as a key profession in the industry. A mixed method approach, questionnaire survey followed by expert interviews, was adopted. Subsequently, 199 valid responses for analysis were obtained from the questionnaire distribution, using descriptive statistics and Significance Index. Furthermore, qualitative data were acquired through semi-structured interviews with five experts, and analyzed using a structured thematic analysis. According to the results, 56.78% of respondents experienced project slowdowns, 13.57% experienced project suspensions or terminations, and 12.56% experienced cost overruns. Most respondents acknowledged the pandemic had present changes to projects (84.92%), in the form of changes in organization structure, work culture, technological application, and project objectives. Meanwhile, the Significance Index has successfully established an 11-factors ranking, regarding the pandemic’s impact on QS activities, with impact on the overall project completion as the most profound impact followed by impacts on project scheduling, supply chain, tendering, cost controlling, and claim management. This study’s qualitative and quantitative findings tend to be in accordance, thus, providing some fundamental insights regarding the COVID-19 outbreak’s impact on the construction industry, including direct impacts on project sustainability, technology adoption, and project resiliency issues. In addition, this study also contributes to scientific knowledge by discussing the issues and trends of work culture changes in QS professional activities.
Keragaan Agronomik Populasi F4 Hasil Persilangan Padi IR 36 dengan Padi Merah PWR
Authors: Suprayogi Suprayogi , Praptiwi Mei Ary , Iqbal Ahmad , Agustono Tri Joko
Published: May 2021

Upaya peningkatan produksi dan memperbaiki tekstur beras merah dilakukan dengan menyilangkan padi varietas IR36 dan Padi Merah PWR untuk menghasilkan galur padi merah yang bertekstur pulen. Tujuan penelitian adalah: untuk mengetahui keragaan agronomik populasi F4 hasil persilangan IR 36 dan Padi Merah PWR; untuk mendapatkan galur-galur F4 yang akan dilanjutkan menjadi generasi F5; dan untuk mengetahui kadungan amilosa galur-galur terseleksi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan sawah Desa Mersi, Kecamatan Purwokerto Timur, Kabupaten Banyumas. Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) ter-augmentasi dengan tiga ulangan digunakan untuk menempatkan galur-galur dan varietas cek (Padi Hitam, Mentik Wangi, IR 36 dan Padi Merah PWR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan masih adanya segregasi transgresif pada karakter umur berbunga, jumlah gabah permalai, panjang malai dan bobot gabah per rumpun, sedangkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan produktif, jumlah anakan total dan bobot 1000 biji sudah seragam. Berdasarkan karakter agronomik yang masih bersegregasi dan analisis kandungan amilosa terpilih empat galur yang dilanjutkan menjadi generasi F5 yaitu: IRPM 114218284, IRPM 114218224, IRPM 11224542, IRPM 11224543. Individu terpilih memiliki kandungan amilosa dalam kategori sedang.
Penggunaan Bantuan Penyerbukan dalam Upaya Peningkatan Hasil Benih Beberapa Aksesi Mentimun (Cucumis sativus L.)
Authors: Ginting Sri Ratna Ningsih , Taryono Taryono
Published: May 2021

Penggunaan benih untuk budidaya akan menentukan hasil panen. Untuk meningkatkan hasil panen maka diperlukan adanya peningkatan mutu benih, dan tingginya hasil benih bernas mentimun dapat diperoleh melalui penyerbukan buatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penyerbukan buatan dalam upaya meningkatkan hasil benih bernas mentimun. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Pusat Inovasi Agroteknologi (PIAT), Kalitirto, Berbah, Sleman, yang terletak pada ketinggian 130 mdpl. Penelitian berlangsung pada bulan Maret hingga Agustus 2019. Penelitian ini mengggunakan Rancangan Petak Terbagi (Split Plot) dengan 2 faktor yaitu penyerbukan buatan dan aksesi mentimun. Data pengamatan di ambil dari hasil berat biji per tanaman, jumlah biji per tanaman, berat 100 biji, dan jumlah buah per tanaman. Analisis data menggunakan uji ANOVA, dengan uji lanjut Scott-Knott tingkat kepercayaan 5%. Seluruh analisis data dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak R versi 3.5.1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyerbukan buatan pada mentimun memberikan perbedaan nyata pada jumlah biji per tanaman, sedangkan untuk pengamatan jumlah buah, berat biji per tanaman ataupun berat 100 biji tidak menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda nyata.
Coping with Education during Lockdowns amidst COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ali Wahab
Published: May 2021

The outbreak of Corona Virus disease (COVID-19) in China in December 2019 has rapidly morphed into an unprecedented health, economic and educational crisis globally. This study focuses on tertiary students’ perspectives on Emergency Remote Learning (ERT) amidst COVID-19 Pandemic. The schools in Fiji closed its doors to face-to-face classes on 20th March, 2020 and tertiary institutes followed suit. This study was conducted to establish how tertiary students were coping with online learning at a university in Fiji. Subsequently, telephone interviews were held as it was most appropriate method at this time of lock down and social distancing amidst COVID 19 Pandemic. A meta-synthesis methodology was also adopted for this study and pertinent literature was visited to capture the essence of continued learning during these unprecedented times. Findings reveal that students were slowly adapting to online learning or E-Learning. Findings also reveal that lack of gadgets like laptops and desktops were major issues faced by the students. This is followed by lack of access to high quality internet and connectivity problems followed by lack of confidence in using online learning platforms. This exploratory paper proposes that students need to be well versed with technology and technological gadgets to enhance learning especially during these exceptional times.
MEDIASI DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA MEDIK DOKTER DENGAN PASIEN (ANALISIS PUTUSAN PN NO. 38/PDT.G/2016/PN.BNA DAN PUTUSAN MAHKAH AGUNG NO. 1550 K/PDT/2016)
Authors: Ummah Nurul , Wiryani Fifik , Najih Mokhammad
Published: May 2021

Mediation is a form of negotiation in an effort to resolve disputes both from parties who feel aggrieved by the related parties. Mediation is also able to produce a peace agreement from both parties so that it can provide benefits for both. Dispute resolution efforts can use several means of mediation, including through litigation and non-litigation, both of which have their own advantages and disadvantages. In the case in Banda Aceh, the legal route was prioritized compared to mediation because of the patient's dissatisfaction, as well as the case of cassation decisions that did not receive the compensation offered by the defendant so that the court route was taken. The mediation used did not have a positive impact on both parties so that the mediation was considered a failure. Mediating is expected to provide good and fair benefits to all disputing parties so as to produce a sense of satisfaction and justice without any shortcomings of both. This mediation is also regulated in 1999 Law number 30 concerning arbitrage and options for resolving disputes that are outside the court and according to the 2008 regulation number 1 regarding mediation in court which was later refined back to the Supreme Court regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No.1 of 2016. This research is a descriptive type of juridical normative research, with an approach to the law and secondary data obtained from various types of literature studies and document studies, then the data is analyzed qualitatively. With the result that the hope that the legislation has been perfected is that the dispute resolution process outside the court can be more optimal, and also that the community feels much better benefits and benefits from the existence of mediation.
Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Ukuran Perusahaan, Pertumbuhan Perusahaan Dan Leverage Terhadap Penerimaan Opini Audit Going Concern (Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Industri Barang Konsumsi di BEI Periode 2017-2019)
Authors: Yanti Ni Kadek Suartika , Datrini Luh Kade , Larasdiputra Gde Deny
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif bertujuan untuk membuktikan secara empiris pengaruh Profitabilitas, Ukuran Perusahaan, Pertumbuhan Perusahaan dan Leverage terhadap Penerimaan Opini Audit Going Concern (Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Industri Barang Konsumsi Di BEI Periode 2017-2019). Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dengan metode Analisis Regresi Logistik. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu profitabilitas dan ukuran perusahaan tidak berpengaruh terhadap opini audit going concern. Pertumbuhan pertumbuhan perusahaan berpengaruh negatif terhadap penerimaan opini audit going concern. Sedangkan leverage berpengaruh positif terhadap penerimaan opini audit going concern
ARMY SYSTEM OF THE BATTLES IN BALI IN THE PHYSICAL REVOLUTION OF THE NICA 1945-1950
Authors: Pidada Astika
Published: May 2021

Cornellis de Houtman is a Dutch sailor who first came to meet the Balinese people. Then followed by the second Dutch visit, namely Cornellis Heemskerck. The purpose of this second visit was to bring Prince Maurits Van Nasau's letter to King Dalem Bekung at the Gelgel palace. The contents of the letter conveyed, namely stating friendship and asking for permission to trade with the king. It turned out that he received permission from Raja Dalem Bekung. In the 19th century this condition changed, the Dutch, who at first declared friendship and asked for permission to trade, instead wanted to control this island. As a result, there was resistance from the kings in Bali, and this resistance continued under the leadership of Lieutenant Colonel I Gusti Ngurah Rai. The weapons used by the fighters in Bali to fight against the Dutch (NICA) were of limited nature both in terms of quality and quantity. The weapons used to fight during the physical revolution in Bali were formerly owned by prayodas, aid from Java, booty belonging to the Dutch (NICA), and made by themselves. The types of weapons that were used by the fighters in Bali during the physical revolution against the Dutch (NICA), such as: Keris, sharpened bamboo, samurai, firecrackers, kitchen ashes, kentongan, yellow iron, bayonet, command knife, keki, stengun, firearms, mortars, hand grenades, carbines, bren, handguns, and heavy submachine guns (12.7). Even though the weapons they had were limited, the Dutch did not dare to underestimate the abilities of the Balinese fighters because they had experience in military education. It is proven that almost every battle was won by Balinese fighters, not a few Dutch soldiers (NICA) died during the physical revolution in Bali.  

Keywords: NICA; weapons; physical revolution;
Reformasi Sistem Peradilan Pidana Indonesia Berwawasan Pancasila
Authors: Appludnopsanji  , Disemadi Hari Sutra , Jaya Nyoman Serikat Putra
Published: May 2021

Kondisi peradilan Indonesia sekarang mengungkapkan bila sistemperadilan pidana Indonesia lebih condong kebawah dan tumpul keatas serta telah jauh dari keadilan yang ada pada nilai-nilai Pancasila. Penelitian ini membahas berkenaan dengan kondisi sistemperadilan pidana Indonesia saat ini dan mengkaji bagaimana reformasi sistemperadilan pidan dimasa yang akan datang yang berwawasan Pancasila. Metode penelitian yang diuraikan dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lemahnya kondisi sistemperadilan Indonesia sekarang membuat masyarakat tidak percaya kembali untuk menemukan keadilan didalamnya serta telah jauh dari nilai-nilai Pancasila. Atas hal ini perlu diadakan reformasi terhadap sistemperadilan pidana Indonesia yang berwawasan Pancasila yang dapat dimulai dari sub-sistem substansi, sub-sistem structural, dan sub-sistem budaya.
Perbuatan Perawat yang Melakukan Kesalahan dalam Tindakan Medis
Authors: Amir Nabbilah , Purnama Dian
Published: May 2021

Rumah sakit merupakan organ yang didalamnya terdapat Tenaga Kesehatan yang turut membantu dalam pelaksanaan pemberian fasilitas pengobatan terhadap pasien. Dalam Hukum Kesehatan juga menjelaskan bahwa terdapat Tenaga Kesehatan merupakan setiap orang yang tergabung sebagai para medis, yang bersedia untuk mengabdikan dirinya khusus untuk menangani kesehatan. Orang tersebut tidak hanya bersedia untuk mengabdikan dirinya saja melainkan mereka juga harus memiliki pengetahuan yang mumpuni beserta keterampilan yang fokusnya dalam bidang kesehatan. Para medis yang dimaksudkan diatas adalah Dokter, Perawat serta para medis lainnya. Dokter dalam melakukan pekerjaannya akan dibantu oleh perawat sehingga perawat disini juga harus memiliki keahlian dan kewenangan. Perawat memperoleh kewenangan ini berdasarkan pelimpahan wewenang dari dokter, jika tidak menerima pelimpahan wewenang maka perawat tidak dapat melakukan tindakan apapun atas pasien. Saat ini banyak ditemukan perawat belum mendapatkan instruksi/pelimpahan wewenang dari dokter tetapi mereka sudah melakukan tindakan medis, sehingga atas tindakan tersebut terkadang menyebabkan keadaan dari pasien mengalami penurunan. Atas tindakan perawat ini maka tidak dibenarkan, sehingga diperlukan suatu aturan untuk mengatur tindakan perawat.
STUDI PENGEMBANGAN LAHAN RAWA LEBAK POLDER ALABIO HULU SUNGAI UTARA KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Mahmud Nadya Ul-Haq
Published: May 2021

Potensi dan luas lahan rawa di Indonesia sangat besar, namun pengembangan lahan rawa masih sedikit. Faktor kunci keberhasilan dalam pengembangan lahan rawa terletak pada sistem tata kelola air. Polder Alabio merupakan hasil pengembangan lahan rawa lebak sistem polder dengan luas ±6000 Ha yang berada di daerah Alabio Kecamatan Danau Panggang, Kalimantan Selatan. Sampai sekarang Polder Alabio masih belum bekerja dengan maksimal, sehingga produksi padi di lahan ini belum seperti yang diharapkan. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi permasalahan pada pengembangan lahan rawa lebak Polder Alabio. Metode yang digunakan pada studi ini adalah menggunakan studi literatur yang diambil dari berbagai sumber ilmiah, baik berupa artikel ilmiah, laporan kegiatan/studi terkait dengan Polder Alabio. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan air pada Polder Alabio masih belum berfungsi secara optimal. Permasalahan utama pada pengembangan Polder Alabio adalah pada sistem saluran irigasi, drainase dan bangunan-bangunan air yang belum berfungsi dengan baik, serta pemeliharaan yang belum dilakukan dengan rutin dan baik. Saluran irigasi, drainase dan bangunan air yang tidak berfungsi dengan baik menyebabkan kuantitas air (debit) belum bisa dialirkan dengan baik pada seluruh lahan sehingga berdampak juga pada kualitas air di lahan yang kurang baik. Beberapa solusi yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi permasalahan pada Polder Alabio adalah dengan melakukan perbaikan dan pemeliharaan secara rutin dan berkala pada saluran irigasi dan saluran drainase serta pemeliharaan terhadap bangunan-bangunan air yang ada di Polder Alabio tersebut.
IKLIM KESELAMATAN KERJA PADA PROYEK KONSTRUKSI DI SURABAYA
Authors: Diah Listyaningsih  , Feri Harianto
Published: May 2021

Salah satu ukuran persaingan global di sektor konstruksi adalah tingkat kecelakaan kerja yang rendah (zero accident). Untuk mewujudkan hal tersebut dibutuhkan iklim keselamatan kerja yang kondusif. Dalam mewujudkannya dibutuhkan manajemen keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja serta dukungan tenaga kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi iklim keselamatan kerja. Pengambilan sampel digunakan metode purposive sampling dengan alat ukur iklim keselamatan kerja berupa kuesioner yang didasarkan pada NOSACQ-50 yang terdiri dari 7 dimensi, dengan analisis menggunakan uji deskriptif frekuensi, Mann Whitney dan Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga proyek yang diteliti mempunyai iklim keselamatan yang baik, selain itu terdapat perbedaan prioritas keselamatan kerja manajemen. Dimensi lainnya yaitu dimensi pengembangan keselamatan kerja manajemen, keadilan terhadap keselamatan kerja manajemen, komitmen keselamatan kerja karyawan, prioritas keselamatan kerja karyawan dan sikap tidak ingin ambil risiko keselamatan kerja, komunikasi dan pelatihan keselamatan kerja termasuk percaya terhadap kompetensi keselamatan kerja rekan, dan kepercayaan pekerja dalam sistem keselamatan kerja menunjukkan hasil bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan. Pada uji Chi-square menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara iklim keselamatan dengan tingkat pendidikan, tingkat usia dan masa kerja.
Perceived value and willingness to consume in online mobile games
Authors: Wu Boyuan , Andrizal Kwan
Published: May 2021

We investigated the relationship between perceived value of virtual goods and willingness to consume virtual goods in online mobile games, and examined the roles of gamers' intention to use virtual goods and extraversion in this relationship. We constructed a moderated mediation model
to analyze data from 894 undergraduate students in China. Perceived value was positively correlated with willingness to consume, and intention to use played a mediating role in this relationship; further, the indirect effect of intention to use was moderated by extraversion, with a weaker
effect occurring for lower extraversion. Thus, perceived value positively predicted intention to use, which increased willingness to consume, and extraversion enhanced the influence of perceived value on intention to use.
NATURALİST VE ANTİ NATURALİST SANATIN OLUŞUM SÜRECİ İÇİNDE RESİM SANATI: İLKEL SANATTAN RÖNESANSA
Authors: YALIM Adnan
Published: May 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı; İnsanlık Tarihi boyunca resim sanatının oluşum sürecinde, ortaya çıkan natüralist ve anti natüralist (Sembolik-Soyutlamacı) sanat anlayışının izini sürmek, bu iki farklı sanat anlayışının çağlar boyunca, hangi koşullarda nasıl oluştuğunu ve hangi dinamiklerin belirleyici olduğunu incelemektir. Bu bağlamda; bu çalışma salt bir sanat tarihi araştırması olmayıp sanatın oluşumunda belirleyici olan; toplumsal yapı, üretim ilişkileri, inanç sistemleri, ve çağın felsefesi ile birlikte araştırılmasını içermektedir. Bu çalışma İlkel Çağ’dan başlayarak Rönesans’a kadar olan süreci kapsamaktadır. Her sanat anlayışı kendi çağının istemlerine göre biçimlenmiştir.
RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA: PROCESSO DE AVALIAÇÃO PSICOLÓGICA EM UM CENTRO DE REFERÊNCIA DE ASSISTÊNCIA SOCIAL (CRAS)
Authors: Alencar Pedro Henrique Silva de , Bezerra Noé do Carmo , Aguiar Karoline Giele Martins de
Published: May 2021

The CRAS psychologist works with the prevention and strengthening of bonds, whether individually or collectively, in the context of social vulnerability based on interventions that promote basic protection, based on ethical thinking that guarantees the realization of people's rights. The study is a report of an internship experience in Psychological Assessment and Psychodiagnosis developed by academics from the 7th period of the Psychology course, aiming to discuss the practice of the Psychological Assessment process, in the activity of the Public Policy psychology professional assistants. The internship took place between the months of August and December 2020 at a Reference Center for Social Assistance in a peripheral neighborhood in a city in the interior of the state of Maranhão, after authorization from the Ministry of Education - MEC, for the return of curricular internships. caused by COVID-19 contingencies. The experience of conducting the internship in psychological assessment in a public institution like CRAS is challenging for any student of psychology, since the institution does not provide the appropriate physical, structural and instrumental environment for the psychological assessment process, being successful in tracking users of the service that needed psychological interventions and were referred to health services. Keywords: Internship; Public policy; Psychological Assessment; Psychology and Social Assistance.
Strategic management, the theory of the firm, and digitalization: Reintroducing a normative perspective
Authors: zu Knyphausen-Aufseß Dodo , Santarius Tilman
Published: May 2021

The theory of the firm, as we know it from the literature, focuses on the boundary question. Recently, the idea of ecosystems, an organizational arrangement that lies somewhere between the firm and the market poles, has been promoted as an adequate response to the ongoing trend of digitalization (Jacobides, Cennamo, & Gawer, 2018). What is missing in the extant literature is an answer to or reflection on the normative question of what role business firms should or could play in modern societies, where major (“grand”) challenges such as climate change, poverty, migration, and rising inequality are seen (George, Howard-Grenville, Joshi, & Tihanyi, 2016). Thus, a core element of the traditional theory of the firm has been neglected, with the consequence that its social relevance is no longer evident. We focus on the strategic management discipline, with an aim to reintroduce the lost normative perspective and to provide a guideline for future theorizing about business firms as well as guidelines for practice. The three cornerstones of our framework are (de-) growth, sustainability, and digitalization. We emphasize the digitalization angle and elaborate on what we call the “common good orientation” of digitalization, using the key terms “internet as a commons”, “open-source”, and “cooperative platforms”
Optimal duration of therapy in the first line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: Single center experience
Authors: Jungic Sasa , Tubic Biljana , Berendika Jelena , Gojkovic Zdenka , Rakita Ivanka , Vjestica Milka , Djokanovic Dejan , Gajanin Radoslav
Published: May 2021

Background/Aim. Standard treatment options for the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal carcinoma (mCRC) are 5-fluorouracil, folinic acid, oxaliplatin (FOL-FOX4)/capecitabine (CapOx), plus bevacizumab (bev) and 5-fluorouracil, folinic acid and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) plus bev. The aim of this study was to compare overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) in patients with mCRC who were treated in the first line with FOLFIRI/bev vs. FOLFOX4/bev. At the same time, the aim was also to compare the safety profile in the observed groups of patients and to investigate optimal treatment duration and characteristics of patients who had the best treatment outcomes. Methods. The retrospective-prospective study included patients with mCRC treated with chemotherapy protocols for the first line in combination with bev (FOLFOX4/bev, respectively, FOLFIRI/bev). Treatment efficacy was evaluated on the basis of ORR, PFS, and OS, and the safety of treatment was evaluated by monitoring adverse drug reactions (ADR). Results. ORR was 70% in the FOLFIRI/bev group and 50% in the FOL-FOX4/bev group. Median PFS for FOLFIRI/bev (n = 30) and for FOLFOX4/bev (n = 30) was 15.6 months and 12.1 months, respectively [hazard ratio (HR) 0.85; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47?1.53; p = 0.5591]. Median OS for FOLFIRI/bev and for FOLFOX4/bev was 24.7 months and 19.9 months, respectively (HR 0.67; 95% CI 0.37?1.23; p = 0.1552). In both patient groups, the patients who received more than 9 cycles of induction therapy had better treatment response compared with patients who received less than 9 cycles of therapy. In the FOLFOX4/bev group, PFS was 16.9 vs. 9.7 months, and OS was 22.1 vs. 17.6 months, respectively. In the FOLFIRI/bev group, PFS was 9 months for patients who received less than 9 cycles of therapy vs. 18.8 months for patients who received more than 9 cycles, and OS was 18.0 months vs. 27.7 months, respectively. ADR grade 3 and 4 had 7% of the patients in the FOLFIRI/bev group vs. 27% in the FOLFOX4/bev group. Conclusion. Patients who received FOLFIRI/bev compared to those treated with FOLFOX4/bev had better ORR (70% vs. 50 %, respectively), PFS (15.6 months vs. 12.1 months, respectively), and OS (24.7 months vs. 19.9 months, respectively). In both patient groups, the patients who received induction therapy for 4?6 months (more than 9 cycles of therapy) had a better treatment response.
THE (VIRTUE) EPISTEMOLOGY OF POLITICAL IGNORANCE
Authors: Boult Cameron
Published: May 2021

One typical aim of responsibilist virtue epistemology is to employ the notion of intellectual virtue in pursuit of an ameliorative epistemology. This paper focuses on “political inquiry” as a case study for examining the ameliorative value of intellectual virtue. The main claim is that the case of political inquiry threatens to expose responsibilist virtue epistemology in a general way as focusing too narrowly on the role of individual intellectual character traits in attempting to improve our epistemic practices.
The accessibility of a law and "ignorantia juris non excusat": formal and legal aspects of legal certainty
Authors: Velieva Dzhamilya S. , Markhgeym Marina V. , Presnyakov Mikhail V.
Published: May 2021

This article is devoted to the first and most obvious requirement of legal certainty - the accessibility of a law. The subject of this research is the formal accessibility of the text of the law. The objective was to analyze the imperative of accessibility of a law in its relationship with the presumption of legal knowledge, as well as the its remedies. As a result of the study, the authors have concluded that the presumption of legal knowledge (expressed, among other things, by the maxim, ignorance of the law does not exempt from responsibility), as a condition of its existence and action, presupposes compliance with the requirement of accessibility of a law. The nature of the presumption of legal knowledge and the nullity of a legal error has been studied. Particular attention is paid to the way to ensure the accessibility of a law; in particular, the authors outline a number of problems associated with the promulgation and enactment of regulations.
On the stability of 2D general Roesser Lyapunov systems
Authors: Amine Ghezzar Mohammed , Bouagada Djillali , Benyettou Kamel , Chadli Mohammed , Van Dooren Paul
Published: May 2021

This paper addresses the problem of stability for general two-dimensional (2D) discrete-time and continuous-discrete time Lyapunov systems, where the linear matrix inequalities (LMI's) approach is applied to derive a new sufficient condition for the asymptotic stability.
PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS DALAM PEMASARAN ONLINE BAGI PELAKU USAHA KECIL YANG TERDAMPAK KONDISI PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Nulhaqim Soni Ahmad , Wibowo Hery , Irfan Maulana , Gutama Arie Surya
Published: May 2021

Pandemi COVID-19 membawa dampak pada berbagai aspek kemasyarakatan salah satunya aspek ekonomi. Banyak di antara masyarakat yang berkurang pendapatannya bahkan adapula yang kehilangan pendapatan akibat dari pandemi COVID-19 ini. Salah satu kelompok masyarakat yang terdampak yaitu para pelaku usaha kecil di RW 05 Desa Cinunuk, Kecamatan Cileunyi, Kabupaten Bandung. Para pelaku usaha kecil di wilayah tersebut dihadapkan pada menurunnya tingkat penjualan, beralih berjualan jenis produk lain, bahkan terhenti usahanya pada kondisi pandemi ini. Menghadapi kondisi tersebut para pelaku usaha kecil ini berusaha untuk melakukan pemasaran online untuk kembali meningkatkan pendapatan mereka. Masalah yang kemudian muncul yaitu sebagian besar para pelaku usaha kecil ini belum memiliki pengetahuan serta keterampilan yang cukup dalam melakukan pemasaran secara online. Melalui kegiatan PPM yang terintegrasi dengan KKN Virtual ini tim berinisiatif untuk melakukan kegiatan peningkatan kapasitas dalam pemasaran online dalam bentuk pelatihan. Kelompok sasaran dari kegiatan ini yaitu para pelaku usaha kecil yang terdampak kondisi pandemi COVID-19 di RW 05 Desa Cinunuk, Kecamatan Cileunyi, Kabupaten Bandung dan beberapa lokasi domisili mahasiswa KKN. Tujuan dari kegiatan PPM ini yaitu untuk memberikan pengetahuan, pemahaman dan keterampilan bagi kelompok sasaran dalam melakukan pemasaran secara online. Metode pelaksanaan dilakukan melalui tahap persiapan, tahap assessment, tahap plan of treatment, tahap treatment dan tahap monitoring, evaluasi dan reporting. Hasil dari kegiatan ini yaitu diperolehnya data mengenai profil pelaku usaha kecil terdampak pandemi di RW 05 Desa Cinunuk dan lokasi KKN, meningkatnya pengetahuan, pemahaman dan keterampilan kelompok sassaran dalam melakukan pemasaran secara online serta kelompok sasaran dapat melakukan pemasaran secara online dalam pengembangan usaha mereka.
The Process of Development and Validation of a Test to Measure the Critical Thinking Skills of Environmental Education among Secondary Level Students of Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Mohammed Rashel
Published: May 2021

Environmental Education (EE) is a learning process that provides necessary knowledge, attitudes, and skills toward the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Critical Thinking Skills (CTS) is one of the vital Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTs) necessary to acquire by the young generation to face the challenges of 21st-century education. Countries worldwide are focusing on the inclusion of EE and revising their curriculum and textbooks to focus on students' attainment of CTS achievement. As the focus of developing the CTS increases, the CTS assessment has become more vital nowadays. The primary purpose of the current study was to develop and validate a test to measure students' critical thinking skills in a specific subject of environmental education. A Critical Thinking Skills Test of Environmental Education (CTSEE) was developed and validated with 444 secondary (grade 8) level students of Bangladesh. The developed test comprises 27 multiple-choice type items under three skills-conclusions, inferences, and identifying bias. Results were analyzed to measure the quality of individual test items, establish reliability estimates, and ensure the developed instrument's validity. Results showed substantial validity and reliability of the test items, along with a moderate level difficulty. It is hoped that the developed test contributes to the future educators and researchers by filling up the gap of a systematically designed and valid instrument for measuring the CTS among secondary level students in different environmental issues.
Sandwich Type Results For m-Convex Real Functions
Authors: Lara Teodoro , Rosales Edgar
Published: May 2021

We establish necessary and sufficient conditions allowing separation of pair of real functions by an m-convex and by an m-affine function. Some examples and a geometric interpretation of m-convexity of a function is exhibited, as well as a Jensen’s inequality for this kind of function.