bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NEAR MISS MATERNAL MORTALITY IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors:   Junior Resident, Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College and General Hospital, Pune-411041(Maharashtra)., Menghrajani Divya , Singh Shekhawat Gulab ,   Professor, Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College and General Hospital, Pune-411041(Maharashtra).
Published: August 2024

Introduction:One of the most important metrics for evaluating the caliber of healthcare provided is maternal mortality. A near-miss register can provide insightful information on maternity care shortcomings, improving our healthcare systems capacity to recognize and resolve difficulties with staff, infrastructure, and detection. Both altered physiological and pathological circumstances that increase the risk of pregnancy set critical maternal patients apart from typical pregnant and puerperal women. Our studys goal was to assess the various near-miss incidents that mothers encountered in connection to maternal mortality. Methods: Retrospective data were collected from March 2020 to April 2023 at Smt. Kashibai NavaleMedicalCollegeandGeneralHospital,Pune, over aspan of three-years.Everypatientwhorequiredintensivecare unit(ICU) admission or became critically ill in Operation theatre (OT) or Causality during pregnancy,childbirthwithinforty-twodaysoftheendof thepregnancy,wereincludedinthisstudy.Duringthisstudyperiod,therewereatotalof 5,950deliveries,outofwhich5,938resultedinlivebirths(LB).Outofatotalof these 5950 pregnancies 58cases had adverse abnormal outcomes, among these 58 cases,50 wereclassifiedasmaternalnearmissand8asmaternalmortality. Results: The maternal mortality ratio (MMR) at our hospital was 134 per one lakh, which is marginallyelevatedduetodelaysinaccessingtimelymaternalhealthcareservices.Therewere 8/1000livebirths(LB),orthematernalnear-missratio(MNMR),whichisthenumberofmaternal near-misses per 1000 LB. Furthermore, 9/1000 LB was the severe maternal outcome rate (SMOR),whichmeasuresthenumberofseverematernaloutcomesforevery1000livebirths. Ourfindingsshowedthathemorrhageandhypertensivedisorderduringpregnancywerethe primary contributors to illness and death, with sepsis and severe anemia serving as the secondary causes. Among organ dysfunctions, cardiac illness was the leading cause of morbidityaswellasmortality,followedbyrespiratorydysfunction. Conclusion:Throughthisresearch,ithasbeenestablishedthatimprovingindividualhealthcare facilitiescanpreventcasesofnearmiss.Moreover,quickreferralafterfirst-linetherapywould be vital in saving the lives of pregnant women. Hence, timeliness when managing cases of maternalnearmissisimportant.Ourexperienceindicatesthatthereshouldbewell-equipped peripheralreferralunitswithtrainedmanpowertohandleobstetricemergenciesforinstance massive obstetrichemorrhages, sepsis and Eclampsia.
CONISATION ET DYSPLASIES CERVICALES CONCORDANCE ENTRE CYTOLOGIE, COLPOSCOPIE ET HISTOLOGIE
Authors:   Centre doncologie Gynecologique Mohammed VI, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Maroc., Aymen Laaliaoui , Zine El Abiddine Agoug ,   Centre doncologie Gynecologique Mohammed VI, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Maroc., Sara Tossi ,   Centre doncologie Gynecologique Mohammed VI, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Maroc., Younes Benchriifi ,   Centre doncologie Gynecologique Mohammed VI, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Maroc., Mustapha Benhessou ,   Centre doncologie Gynecologique Mohammed VI, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Maroc., Mohamed Ennachit ,   Centre doncologie Gynecologique Mohammed VI, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Maroc., Mohamed Elkerroumi ,   Centre doncologie Gynecologique Mohammed VI, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Maroc.
Published: August 2024

Conization is a crucial component of the diagnosis and, more importantly, the management of neoplasia found by cytology. We attempted to incorporate conization in the diagnostic and treatment toolkit for precancerous conditions of the uterine cervix in light of a retrospective series of 15 cases. It is required for the diagnosis of microinvasion and enhances the diagnostic yield offered by cytology and biopsy by itself or when guided by colposcopy. In 82% of the cases in our series, the FCU was in agreement with conization, but in 12% of the cases, it overstated the lesion. In 67% of cases, a biopsy resulted in an appropriate diagnosis. In 20% of cases, it overstated the lesions, and in 12% of cases, it underestimated them.
HARMONY OF DUALITIES IN HERMAN HESSES STEPPENWOLF
Authors:   Ph.D. Scholar, Amity School of Languages, Amity University Chhattisgarh, India., Singh Priya , Singh Rai Indrani ,   Professor, Amity School of Languages, Amity University Chhattisgarh, India.
Published: August 2024

The personal life of the German- Swiss Nobel Laureate Herman Hesse (1877 â€“ 1962) can be regarded as a period of crises, aggression, depression, cultural pre-conditioning and dogmatism. Despite his pietistic upbringing, he suffered adversities, resulting into mental trauma, emotional turbulence and inconsolable disgrace. These unpleasant experiences caused extreme depression and he had to receive Jungian psychoanalysis from Dr. Lang and Dr. Jung. This refuge in psychoanalysis brought him solace. Pietism, once a pain, became a life-long support for his spiritual journey and literary yearnings. He was, however, diagnosed with bipolar-II disorder due to his intense mood shifts, the factors being ambivalence, guilt, aggression and sexual conflict. The current work is an attempt to exemplify the impact of this disorder in his novels with special reference to his cult classic Steppenwolf , wherein the protagonist Harry Haller portrays the dichotomy of the personality, being split between a human being and a wolf. This novel which was published in 1927 is a complex, philosophical novel and deals with the themes like identity crisis, duality of human nature and quest for a meaningful life, to ultimately attain spiritual transcendence and harmony of dualities.
INFLUENCE OF DIRECT INSTRUCTION SPOKEN ENGLISH (DISE) PROGRAMMES ON LEARNING ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE IN DAY SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN RWANDA, A CASE OF BUGESERA DISTRICT
Authors:   MED Student, Mount Kenya University., Emmanuel Tuyisenge , Opiyo Hesbon Andala ,   Senior Lecturer, Mount Kenya University.
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of direct instruction spoken English (DISE) programmes on learning English as a second language in day secondary schools in Rwanda. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The target population for this study consisted of students, teachers, head teachers, and the Director of Studies (DOS) in Bugesera district, which amounted to a total of 253 participants. The sample size was 145 people, including 26 English teachers, 108 students, 7 Directors of Studies (DOS), and 4 head teachers. Results on first objective indicated that 80.8% strongly agreed that providing progress-monitoring English assessment is among the direct instructions for speaking English programmes. 92.3% strongly agreed that providing progress-monitoring English assessments, 61.5% strongly agreed that taking advantage of students native-language literacy skills, and 69.2% strongly agreed that teaching academic and English,80.8% strongly agreed that engaging students with fast-paced, multi-sensory activities are among the direct instructions for speaking English. Results on second objective indicated that 76.9% strongly agreed that creating an English, 69.0% strongly agreed that the degree of learning English as a second language is indicated by English-language teaching guidelines, 61.5% strongly agreed that the level of studying English as a second language is shown by practicing speaking English with other students, and 73.1% strongly agreed that responding to questions in English demonstrates proficiency in English as a second language. These findings suggest Finally, the third objective and research question are the influence of direct instruction spoken English (DISE) programmes on learning English as a second language in day secondary schools in Rwanda. The correlation matrix between independent variables (engaging students with fast-paced, multi-sensory activities, providing progress-monitoring English assessment, teaching academic and English vocabulary, etc.) and dependent variables (improved English speaking, improved English reading skills, and improved English writing skills) shows positive significance since the p-value was less than 0.05. These programmes, which focus on explicit teaching of language skills like grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation, lead to significant improvements in oral proficiency. The structured nature of these programmes, along with interactive activities, reinforces learning and builds confidence in using the language. Therefore, there is a need to investigate the long-term effects of direct instruction in spoken English programmes on the language proficiency and academic performance of students.
SOCIO - CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE OF GENDER INEQUALITY : A PLAN FOR NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT BY WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
Authors:   Research Scholar, University of Kalyani, Kalyani Nadia., Das Mousumi
Published: August 2024

Women empowerment and national development are closely related . Due to gender inequality women are considered as socio - culturally devalued gender . But an educationally empowered women played a vital role in national development . This paper shows how an empowered women affects national development and henceforth how much women empowerment is necessary for a country.
TRICHOBEZOAR-A RARE CAUSE OF ABDOMINAL MASS AND GASTRIC OUTLET OBSTRUCTION
Authors:   Department of General Surgery -National Hospital Rewa, M.P India 1., Gupta Anand , Patel Akhilesh ,   Department of General Surgery -National Hospital Rewa, M.P India 1., Mishra Dheerendra ,   Department of General Surgery -National Hospital Rewa, M.P India 1., Hasan Zubdatul ,   Department of General Surgery -National Hospital Rewa, M.P India 1.
Published: August 2024

The authors present the clinical case of a 18 -year old girl with weight loss,anorexia,epigastric abdominal pain and post prandial vomiting with 4 months duration.There was a background of trichophagia for 5-6 years without evidence of alopecia and psychiatric history.The physical examination revealed an epigastric mass motionless,stony,with poorly defined limits, painful on palpation and about 35cm in diameter.Abdominal ultrasonography showed thickening of gastric wall and antrum with distension.The abdominal endoscopic examination revealed the presence of bulky trichobezoar occupying almost the entire gastric lumen.It was decided to undergo gastrotomy and extraction of the trichobezoar.In postoperative period cardiac support was given and patient passed motion after 3 days and discharged after 10 days. 1.
ESG practices disclosure and initial performance of Malaysian IPOS
Authors: Sarah Alyasa-Gan Siti , Che-Yahya Norliza , Zahidah Bahrudin Nur
Published: August 2024

Companies’ decision to go public is risky because of the high uncertainty level from the companies’ unknown history prior to their listing. Recent studies in the Malaysian market reported the declining trend of companies’ initial performance, relating it to investors’ current demand for higher information transparency that can reflect companies’ sustainable evolution as a means to attract their demand in subscribing newly issued shares. Thus, this study aims to investigate the impact of disclosing ESG practices on companies’ initial performance. Using a linear regression with maximum likelihood (ML) estimation, this study examines 171 initial public offerings (IPOs) issued in the Malaysian market from 2015 to 2023. By using two ways of measuring companies’ initial performance (offer-to-open and offer-to-close), the findings show that higher information disclosure on ESG practices will only be reflective and positively affect companies’ performance by the end of the day. Further examination of individual ESG pillars indicates that environmental disclosures negatively influence companies’ initial performance, while social and governance disclosures positively influence companies’ initial performance. A large investment in maintaining a high level of environmental practice can be costly, negatively influencing companies’ performances. Higher social and governance disclosure attracts socially conscious investors and reflects good internal governance, increasing demand for the companies’ shares during the IPO and positively influencing companies’ performances. This study contributes to the growing literature concerning ESG and post-IPO performances specific to the Malaysian market and proposes recommendations on the importance of disclosing ESG practices prior to their IPO.
AcknowledgmentsThe authors would like to acknowledge that this article is part of a research project funded by Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) for the MyRA Grant Scheme, file no: 600-RMC 5/3/GPM (118/2022).
A szülők motiváló szerepe a hangszertanulásban
Authors: Földi Fanni , Szabó Norbert , Józsa Krisztián
Published: August 2024

Kutatások igazolják, hogy a társas környezet, a család erősen befolyásolják a motivációt, ezen keresztül pedig a tanulás sikerességét, az iskolai eredményességet. A családi háttér tanulásban betöltött szerepére számos területen rámutattak, a hangszertanulás esetében azonban még viszonylag kevés ilyen vizsgálat ismert. Nem tudunk olyan korábbi hazai kutatásról, ami a hangszeres zenetanulás és a családi háttér összefüggésére irányult volna. Ezért tanulmányunk fókuszába a szülőknek a gyermek hangszeres zenetanulásában betöltött szerepét helyeztük. A szülők hangszertanulásra gyakorolt hatását az öndeterminációs elmélet alapján értelmezzük. Vizsgálatunkban kérdőívet alkalmaztunk. Az adatfelvételt 9-19 éves, hangszeren játszó tanulók körében végeztük (n=138), az átlagéletkor 14,33 év volt, a lányok aránya 59%. Eredményeink szerint a szülőknek fontos szerepe van a zenetanulás megkezdésében és folytatásában. Igazolást nyert, hogy a szülői hatásoknak fiatalabb életkorban nagyobb szerepe van, az életkor előrehaladtával a jelentőségük csökken. Az intrinzik motiváció szerepe ugyanakkor nem csökken a tanulók életkorának az előrehaladtával. Jelentős nemek közötti különbségeket találtunk. Vizsgálatunk alapján következtetések és javaslatok fogalmazhatók meg arra, hogy miként erősíthetik a szülők a hangszeres zene tanulása iránti motivációt a gyermekükben.
Leszakadók világa a „láthatatlan” Magyarországon
Authors: Alabán Péter
Published: August 2024

Recenzió az alábbi műről: L. Ritók Nóra (2022): Kettészakadt világ. Tea Kiadó
Hijab in the Public Sphere of Muslim Countries in Southeast Asia, Media, State Rules, and Society Opinion
Authors: Ladyanna Sonezza
Published: August 2024

This article aims to explain state regulations and media perspectives in Muslim-majority countries in Southeast Asia regarding the use of the hijab as a religious symbol in public spaces. The influence of globalization has increased diversity in the media landscape in the public sphere, going beyond traditional face-to-face interactions and encompassing the vast realm of the Internet. While Muslim women in secular Western countries face bans on wearing the hijab in public spaces, Muslim women in Muslim-majority countries in Southeast Asia face challenges regarding their style of wearing the hijab in public spaces. This research is qualitative research based on the study of public space and religion. The analysis was carried out in three Southeast Asian countries, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei Darussalam, which have Muslim populations with different characteristics. Indonesia and Malaysia are multicultural regions but are dominated by Muslims, and Brunei is a country with a Muslim majority. These three countries have different patterns of managing religion in public spaces. Religious symbols in public spaces reflect the relationship between public space phenomena, the state, and the social context in a region. Social media has expanded the public sphere, providing greater opportunities for religious groups to present their arguments or engage in da'wah (religious outreach).
Integrated water operations under climate change: Uluova Micro Basin example
Authors: Şekerci Kürşat , Tuna Muhammed Cihat , Dogan Mustafa Sahin
Published: August 2024

This study examines the impact of climate change on the Uluova Micro Basin, Turkey, employing an optimization model named ULUHEM across various water management and climate scenarios. With ULUHEM, the effects of different climate impact scenarios on agricultural water allocations, pumping costs, water scarcity, and scarcity costs were analyzed. The primary objective of this study is to identify gaps in demand within the current water supply infrastructure due to global warming and to develop adaptation strategies for basinwide water management operations. The research also emphasizes the importance of creating a basin-based hydroeconomic model that includes other surface water resources with a sustainable management approach to address the impact of climate change. In summary, the impacts of climate change on surface waters and groundwater in the Uluova Micro Basin include changes in water availability, water scarcity, and associated costs, and these have implications for agricultural water allocations and overall water management in the region. The study found that drier climate periods lead to reduced surface and groundwater input to farmland, resulting in increased water scarcity and scarcity costs. Conversely, periods characterized by wetter climates yield contrasting outcomes, alleviating water scarcity and its corresponding costs.
Assessment of the effect of climate change on the yields and water footprint of crops in arid area
Authors: Niromand fard Fariba , Khashei Siuki Abbas , Hashemi Seyed Reza , Ghorbani Khalil
Published: August 2024

Investigating the actual amount of water used by agricultural crop yield is very important. This research evaluates the impact of climate change on water demand, yields, and green and blue water footprint of barberry and jujube plants under SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. The results show that the amount of precipitation in the future under three scenarios varies from −13.08 to 5.13 mm during the future period. It shows maximum temperature changes from 1.07 to 1.25 °C and minimum temperature changes from 1.15 to 1.54 °C. The maximum and minimum temperatures under all three scenarios have an increasing trend compared to the base period. The results show that the values of water requirement, blue water footprint, green water footprint, total water footprint, and finally the relative values of both crop yields increase in all three scenarios in the future period (2022–2038) compared to the base period (2021–2005). Furthermore, according to the three proposed scenarios, the water footprint of the barberry crop in the future is estimated to be 98.74% blue water and 1.24% green water. The jujube crop's water footprint consists of 98.81% blue water and 1.20% green water.
Wastewater surveillance for antibiotic resistance genes during the late 2020 SARS-CoV-2 peak in two different populations
Authors: Philo Sarah E. , Monteiro Sílvia , Fuhrmeister Erica R. , Santos Ricardo , Meschke John Scott
Published: August 2024

The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported a rise in resistant infections after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic started. How and if the pandemic contributed to antibiotic resistance in the larger population is not well understood. Wastewater treatment plants are good locations for environmental surveillance because they can sample entire populations. This study aimed to validate methods used for COVID-19 wastewater surveillance for bacterial targets and to understand how rising COVID-19 cases from October 2020 to February 2021 in Portugal (PT) and King County, Washington contributed to antibiotic resistance genes in wastewater. Primary influent wastewater was collected from two treatment plants in King County and five treatment plants in PT, and hospital effluent was collected from three hospitals in PT. Genomic extracts were tested with the quantitative polymerase chain reaction for antibiotic resistance genes conferring resistance against antibiotics under threat. Random-effect models were fit for log-transformed gene abundances to assess temporal trends. All samples collected tested positive for multiple resistance genes. During the sampling period, mecA statistically significantly increased in King County and PT. No statistical evidence exists of correlation between samples collected in the same Portuguese metro area.
Investigation of aquifer storage properties and groundwater contamination risk potential using an electrical resistivity technique: a sedimentary environment case study
Authors: Ekanem Aniekan Martin , George Nyakno J. , Thomas Jewel E.
Published: August 2024

There are growing worries regarding sufficient supplies of safe water in Obot Akara and Ikot Ekpene Local Government Areas of Akwa Ibom State. Thus, this study aims to investigate aquifer storage properties and contamination risk potential using electrical resistivity techniques in the two counties. The counties are shown to comprise 3–4 lithological successions of sandy and gravelly layers with slight clay intercalations. Groundwater abstraction takes place in the third and fourth layers in the area at depths between 5.4 and 121.4 m. The results demonstrate that the aquifer's prolificacy requires a specific yield larger than 0.15 or a specific retention less than 0.15. 94% of the study region is revealed to have good groundwater potential for the sustainability of water boreholes. Furthermore, the results show that 87.5% of the study region has weak/poor protection while 12.5% has moderate protection against infiltrating contaminants. In terms of susceptibility potential rating, 21.9% of the area has a moderate rating while the remaining 78.1% has a low rating. The identified areas with weak/poor protection and moderate susceptibility are adjudged to have moderate/high groundwater contamination risk potential. These findings provide valuable guidelines for formulating sustainable groundwater utilization and management strategies in the area.
Komizm rymów w utworach Andrzeja Waligórskiego. Uwagi wstępne
Authors: Korpysz Tomasz
Published: August 2024

In the rich literature of humorology, comism induced by the juxtaposition of specially selected words or word combinations in rhyming pairs is very rarely subjected to scientific reflection, although it is relatively oſten used in various types of texts (especially satirical, but also children’s texts or songs). Andrzej Waligorski used this comic mechanism very oſten in his works. In his analyzed poems, broken rhyme (also called broken and divided rhyme), broken-folded rhyme, homonymous rhyme and repeated rhyme do not occur. On the other hand, on several occasions the author used composed rhyme (e.g.: szyja – ci ja, w pierś się – Engelsie) and allusive rhyme, but most oſten he created made up rhymes (e.g.: stolicą – bógwico, plon – maison, kiśli – wymyślił) and stylistic rhymes (wszędy – urzędy, komnacie – gacie, dezynwolturą – kurą, dyrektywy – lewatywy, chabrze – ubabrze, ino – Portofino). The latter, in particular, both from the recipient and the sender require knowledge of a rich vocabulary from a variety of semantic and stylistic fields, as well as developed linguistic competence, including humorous competence. The fragments of works cited in the article undoubtedly prove the true satirical artistry of their author.
Scope and Application of Hot Melt Extrusion in the Development of Controlled and Sustained Release Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Joshi Parth , Rao G.S.N. Koteswara , Chatterjee Bappaditya
Published: August 2024

Controlled-release drug delivery systems (CRDDS) are more beneficial than conventional immediate
release (IRDDS) for reduced intake, prolonged duration of action, lesser adverse effects, higher bioavailability,
etc. The preparation of CRDDS is more complex than IRDDS. The hot melt extrusion (HME) technique
is used for developing amorphous solid dispersion of poorly water soluble drugs to improve their dissolution
rate and oral bioavailability. HME can be employed to develop CRDDS. Sustained release delivery systems (SRDDS),
usually given orally, can also be developed using HME. This technique has the advantages of using
no organic solvent, converting crystalline drugs to amorphous, improving bioavailability, etc. However, the
heat sensitivity of drugs, miscibility between drug-polymer, and the availability of a few polymers are some of
the challenges HME faces in developing CRDDS and SRDDS. The selection of a suitable polymer and the optimization
of the process with the help of the QbD principle are two important aspects of the successful application
of HME. In this review, strategies to prepare SRDDS and CRDDS using HME are discussed with its applications
in research.
Encapsulating Rhodamine 6G in Oxidized Sodium Alginate Polymeric Hydrogel for Photodynamically Inactivating Cancer Cells
Authors: Pallavi Pragya , Girigoswami Koyeli , Gowtham Pemula , Harini Karthick , Thirumalai Anbazhagan , Girigoswami Agnishwar
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

As cancer therapy progresses, challenges remain due to the inherent drawbacks
of conventional treatments such as chemotherapy, gene therapy, radiation therapy, and surgical removal.
Moreover, due to their associated side effects, conventional treatments affect both cancerous and normal cells,
making photodynamic therapy (PDT) an attractive alternative.

Methods:

As a result of its minimal toxicity, exceptional specificity, and non-invasive characteristics,
PDT represents an innovative and highly promising cancer treatment strategy using photosensitizers (PSs) and
precise wavelength excitation light to introduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the vicinity of cancer cells.

Results:

Poor aqueous solubility and decreased sensitivity of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) prevent its use as a photosensitizer
in PDT, necessitating the development of oxidized sodium alginate (OSA) hydrogelated nanocarriers
to enhance its bioavailability, targeted distribution, and ROS-quantum yield. The ROS quantum yield increased
from 0.30 in an aqueous environment to 0.51 when using alginate-based formulations, and it was further
enhanced to 0.81 in the case of OSA.

Conclusion:

Furthermore, the nanoformulations produced fluorescent signals suitable for use as cellular
imaging agents, demonstrating contrast-enhancing capabilities in medical imaging and showing minimal toxicity.
Solvent-free Simplistic Synthesis of Bis(indolyl) Methanes Using Tulsion®-8052 MP Resin
Authors: Sadaphal Suhas , Gaikwad Sanjay , Dagale Shubham , Sapkal Suryakant , Randhavane Pratibha , Gawai Jaishree
Published: August 2024

Tulsion®-8052 MP cation resin catalyst accelerates chemical reaction by creating a suitable
environment for the aldehyde and indole reactants to interact and form desired product
bis(indolyl) methanes in solvent-free room temperature conditions. The uniqueness of this catalytic
method is that it is eco-friendly, recyclable, selective, and operates on a variety of functional groups
with good to excellent yield at room temperature conditions without the use of any hazardous solvents,
high temperature, and inert atmosphere.
Comparative Study of Denoising and Segmentation Techniques for Accurate
Brain Tumor Detection in MRI
Authors: Rohilla Saransh , Jain Shruti
Published: August 2024

Background:

Brain tumor incidence is on the rise each year, with more than 130 identified
types. Precise segmentation models play a vital role in the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors.
This study specifically investigates the utilization of diffusion-based denoising techniques and
thresholding methods for segmenting brain tumors from MRI images.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to examine and compare the efficacy of the Perona-malik
and Weickert diffusion techniques in denoising brain MRI images. Additionally, the study aims to
assess their performance in threshold-based segmentation of brain tumors. Moreover, it also aims to
evaluate the compatibility, benefits, and limitations of the Perona-Malik and Weickert diffusion
methods in the denoising of brain MRI images and the effect of denoising on segmentation.

Methods:

In this study, the Perona-Malik and Weickert diffusion methods are employed to denoise
brain MRI images. The denoised images are then subjected to thresholding using both binary and
fuzzy approaches, utilizing a triangular membership function. The performance of the diffusion techniques
is evaluated using metrics, such as Mean Square Error and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio. Additionally,
segmentation models are assessed using metrics such as Dice Similarity Coefficient, Jaccard
Similarity Coefficient, and Structural Similarity Measurement Index.

Results:

The Perona-Malik and Weickert diffusion methods exhibit compatibility with various types
of noise, each having its own set of advantages and limitations. The Weickert diffusion method excels
in preserving image structure and texture during thresholding.

Conclusion:

The study provides evidence for the effectiveness of diffusion-based denoising techniques
in segmenting brain tumors from MRI images. Specifically, the Weickert diffusion method
outperforms in preserving essential image characteristics during thresholding. Additionally, fuzzy
thresholding proves to be more successful in accurately segmenting brain tumors. These findings contribute
to the advancement of precise models for brain tumor segmentation, ultimately enhancing the
diagnosis and treatment of these tumors.
Role of non-coding RNAs in vulvar cancer
Authors: Mahdavizadeh Vahid , Harifi-Mood Mohammad Sadra , Samarghandian Saeed , Farkhondeh Tahereh
Published: August 2024

Vulvar cancer is a rare disease of mostly premenstrual women. Although it is a rare disease,
vulvar cancer is on the rise among women of reproductive age. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)
are RNAs with more than 200 nucleotides that are not involved in the production of proteins.
LncRNAs are actively associated with disease progression in various diseases. However, although
the focus or literature on the role of lncRNAs in the progression of different cancers has
elucidated their pathophysiology at least partly, vulvar cancer has received much less attention.
The present study showed that the majority of lncRNAs studied so far are miRNAs. Some of these
miRNAs have been shown to be upregulated, while others have been shown to be downregulated
in vulvar cancer. Furthermore, some hypotheses have been introduced to explain the role of these
lncRNAs, including their role in targeting p53, HPV, and HMGA2. In this article, we reviewed
the role of lncRNAs in the progression, metastasis, development of chemoresistance, diagnosis,
and treatment of vulvar cancer.
A Comprehensive Review of Analytical Methods Developed for Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
Authors: Safdarali Ansari Mahzabin , Jha Lalit Lata , Patel Lakshamanbhai Dungarbhai
Published: August 2024

:

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are a key development in psychological
pharmacology and treatment. It has been demonstrated that serotonin (5-HT) has a
pharmacological role in a variety of anxiety- and mood-related conditions. Fluvoxamine, citalopram,
escitalopram, paroxetine, sertraline, and fluoxetine are the six primary SSRIs now
available in the United States for the treatment of depression and anxiety or mood-related disorders.
Despite having a different chemical structure, these compounds function in an analogous
fashion. The main mechanism by which SSRIs work is by preventing serotonin from being
reabsorbed presynaptically at the serotonin transporter, which raises serotonin at the
postsynaptic membrane, which is found in the serotonergic synapse. In order to ensure the effectiveness,
safety, and quality control of SSRIs in pharmaceutical formulations, it is crucial to
quantify them precisely. The present article provides an overview of the main analytical techniques
developed to evaluate SSRIs in different matrices. It covers both conventional and hyphenated
approaches and concentrates on the analytical methodologies developed to quantify
SSRIs. It offers a general overview of the methods that have been developed
and standardized for the evaluation of SSRIs in drug formulations and various matrices. It focuses
on the major components of SSRI analysis, such as the solvents used for analysis, chromatographic
column selections, detection wavelength, and validation parameters. It also discusses
various validation parameters, such as accuracy, precision, retention duration, maximum
absorbance wavelength (λmax), range, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantitation
(LOQ).
Determination of Mesalamine in Bulk and Suppository Dosage Forms through the Development and Validation of Stability- indicating RP-HPLC Method
Authors: Chaudhari Nilima Anil , Ranpise Nisharani Sudhakar
Published: August 2024

Background:

In the current study, a simple and cost-effective stability-indicating
RP-HPLC method was developed and validated to estimate the mesalamine from both bulk and
pharmaceutical dosage forms.

Methods:

An isocratic HPLC method using a reverse phase HiQSilC18 column (250 x 4.6 mm,
5μm) and a mobile phase methanol: ammonium acetate buffer (90:10 v/v) were employed as
the mobile phase with a flow rate of 1 mL/min at 25°C. Detection was carried out at 305 nm,
and the injection volume was 20μl. The developed method was validated as per ICH Q2 guidelines.
Mesalamine has been subjected to various stress testing conditions, such as hydrolysis of
acid and base, thermal degradation, oxidation, and photolysis. Also, methods have been validated
with regard to linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness.

Results:

The RT of mesalamine was determined to be 3.550 min ± 0.024 minutes, providing a
reliable marker for its identification. The method was found to be linear between 5-30 μg/mL
concentration with (R²) of 0.994. This demonstrated the method's ability to measure varying
concentrations of mesalamine accurately. Additionally, the percentage recovery of mesalamine
was approximately 100%, confirming the accuracy of the developed method. The parameters
for system suitability have also been found to be within acceptable limits. Force degradation
studies reinforced the method's selectivity and sensitivity in detecting mesalamine under various
degradation scenarios. Notably, mesalamine significantly degraded in an acidic environment.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, our proposed RP-HPLC method provides a sensitive, accurate, and
precise means of analyzing mesalamine in both bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Ferulic Acid: A Review of Mechanisms of Action, Absorption, Toxicology, Application on Wound Healing
Authors: Werneck Cerqueira Ana Flávia Lawall , de Mello Brandão Humberto , Diniz Tavares Guilherme , Pereira Rodarte Mirian
Published: August 2024

:

Ferulic acid is a widely distributed phenolic substance with diverse bioactive prop-erties, which has been widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. Wounds are complex skin lesions to treat and their treatment is long and costly. This encourages the search for alternative treatments, especially in the area of bioactive substances of natural origin.

Aims:

This work aims to make a bibliographic survey on studies of the use of ferulic acid in the treatment of wounds.

Results:

The studies found show that ferulic acid acts through different mechanisms of action such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, collagen production, angiogenic, and re-epithelialization effects. These properties act synergistically in different stages of healing, which differentiates it from conventional treatments. In addition, ferulic acid has dermal absorption, low skin metabolism, and low toxicity.

Conclusion:

Studies in this area are recent and further research is needed to expand the possi-bilities and therapeutic efficiency of ferulic acid in wound healing.
Breakthrough Opportunities of Nanotheranostics in Psoriasis: From Pathogenesis to Management Strategy
Authors: Singh Abhishek , Kumar Prashant , Sharma Himanshu
Published: August 2024

Background:

In this paper, we have discussed recent advances in our understanding of the aetiology of psoriasis, particularly as they relate to aryl hydrocarbon receptors in DCs, Langerhans cells, macrophages, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathways, and dermal vascular endothelial cells. Here, we have shown that the ability to target specific cellular and molecular components of psoriasis pathogenesis with nanoscale precision using phos-phodiesterase 4 inhibitors represents a transformative opportunity to address the complex nature of this dermatological condition.

Objective:

In this review, we have examined the molecular mechanisms behind the pathogenic features of psoriasis and new treatments being tested in clinical settings. There is research being done on new treatments created in the last ten years. This field highlights the advantages of nan-otechnological technologies as cutting-edge candidates for drug delivery systems in psoriasis and other inflammatory chronic skin disorders.

Future Developments:

Nanotechnology-based treatments currently under study show good effi-cacy and low side effect profiles. However, long-term prospective trials are required to demon-strate long-term safety and effectiveness. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors, Janus kinase inhibitors, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, combinations of vitamin D3 derivatives and corticoster-oids, and coal tar formulations are some of the newer topical treatments for psoriasis.

Conclusion:

The psoriasis treatment continues to involve conventional medications (i.e., medi-cines that are generally acknowledged as either normal therapy or outdated remedies), whether used topically or orally. Nonetheless, we are starting to see initiatives to create pharmaceuticals and biosimilars with better therapeutic results, fewer side effects, and greater efficacy
Comparisons of Various Anthropometric Indices for Incident Hypertension in Military Young Adults: The CHIEF Cohort Study
Authors: Tsai Kun-Zhe , Lin Yen-Chen , Huang Chen-Ming , Yang Kai-Ti , Chen Han-Hsing , Wang Hui-Shang , Lin Gen-Min
Published: August 2024

Aim:

The study aimed to compare the predictive capabilities of the traditional anthropometric
indices with the novel anthropometric indices for incident hypertension.

Background:

Some novel anthropometric indices, e.g., the Body Roundness Index (BRI) and A
Body Shape Index (ABSI) have been associated with prevalent hypertension. There are a few
cohort studies that have examined the association of the novel anthropometric indices with newonset
hypertension in young adults.

Methods:

This study included 2,448 military male and female young adults, aged 18-39 years,
free of hypertension at baseline in Taiwan; they were followed for incidence of hypertension
from 2014 till the end of 2020. Blood Pressure (BP) in mmHg was measured twice and averaged
to verify hypertension, which was defined as systolic BP ≥130 and/or diastolic BP ≥80 or
on antihypertensive medication therapy in each annual health examination. Anthropometric indices
included the Body Mass Index (BMI) defined as the weight (kg)/height squared (m2),
Waist Girth (WC) in cm, the Waist-to-height Ratio (WHtR), the BRI defined as 364.2 - 365.5 ×
{1 – [(WC/2π)/(0.5 × height)]2}0.5, as well as ABSI defined as WC/(BMI2/3 × height1/2). Multiple
Cox regression analysis and Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Receiver of Operating Characteristics
(ROC) were utilized with adjustments for the baseline potential covariates to determine
the association and compare the performance of various indices for incident hypertension.

Results::

During a median follow-up period of 6.0 years, 920 new-onset hypertension cases
(37.6%) developed. Higher BMI, WC, BRI (per each 1-unit increase) and WHtR (per each 0.1-
unit increase) were associated with a greater risk of new-onset hypertension (Hazard Ratios
(HRs) and 95% confidence intervals: 1.060 (1.035-1.085), 1.021 (1.011-1.030), and 1.178
(1.077-1.288), respectively), whereas there was no association between ABSI and new-onset
hypertension. For the ROC, WC was observed with the greatest AUC for incident new-onset
hypertension (0.661 (0.638-0.683)), followed by BMI (0.650 (0.628-0.673)), while the ABSI
was found with the lowest AUC (0.544 (0.521-0.568)).

Conclusion:

Most of the anthropometric indices were associated with a higher risk of new-onset
hypertension among young adults, except for ABSI. In addition, this study has suggested the
traditional indices, such as WC and BMI, to be superior to the latest ones, e.g., BRI and ABSI,
for the prediction of new-onset hypertension.
Diagnostic Role of Tomography in Addison's Disease due to Adrenal Tuberculosis: A Case Report
Authors: Quiroz-Aldave Juan Eduardo , del Carmen Durand-Vásquez Maria , Gamarra-Osorio Elman Rolando , Zavaleta-Aldave Sara Elizabeth , Zavaleta-Aldave Alejandra Noemí , Rodriguez-Reyna Jorge , Quesquen-Garcia Cyntia Mileini , Concepcion-Urteaga Luis Alberto , Pecho-Silva Samuel , Rodriguez-Hidalgo Luis Alejandro , Paz-Ibarra Jose , Concepcion-Zavaleta Marcio Jose
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

Adrenal tuberculosis remains the main cause of primary adrenal insufficiency
(PAI) in tuberculosis (TB)-prevalent regions. This case report details the presentation
of PAI due to adrenal TB, where the etiological diagnosis involves Abdominal Computed Tomography
(CT).

Case Report:

A 37-year-old Peruvian woman with a history of TB contact displayed symptoms
of adrenal insufficiency. PAI diagnosis was established, and CT imaging unveiled bilateral adrenal
enlargement with calcifications. Treatment with prednisone and anti-TB therapy led to
symptomatic improvement. Unfortunately, she succumbed to pneumonia after ten months of
follow-up.

Discussion:

Adrenal TB must be considered in endemic regions and in the presence of a TB
history. CT serves as a valuable diagnostic tool, particularly in settings with limited resources,
revealing adrenal enlargement and calcifications.

Conclusion:

In patients with PAI, epidemiological history of TB, and when a rapid biopsy is
not feasible, CT proves to be a valuable diagnostic method.
A Review of Machine Tool Motorized Spindle Variable Pressure Preload Technology Research
Authors: Dai Ye , Deng Hao , Pan Gaofeng , Chen Xinda
Published: August 2024

High-precision spindles are a vital study topic because of the growing demand for highspeed,
high-precision, reliable, and long-lasting machine tools. Bearing preload is the primary means
of improving the accuracy of the spindle rotor system. This patent study aims to summarize the research
results, systematically analyze and evaluate the machine tool motorized spindle variable pressure
preload technology, and provide a scientific basis for the practical application of the motor spindle
variable pressure preload technology. This study is an in-depth analysis of the basic principles of
the electric spindle preloading technology, the study of its influence mechanism on the thermal deformation,
stiffness, slewing error, and life of the spindle system, and a discussion of the current
shortcomings in the field of spindle preloading to provide a reference for the subsequent optimization.
In the spindle system, the performance of rolling bearings and the design of bearing preload
have an important impact on the spindle's accuracy and stability. The traditional preload method has
yet to meet the requirements of modern high-speed machine tools. Real-time controllable preload has
become the new direction of development, but the current preload technology still has certain limitations
and needs to be further improved. In the future, the spindle bearing variable pressure preload
technology will be more efficient and intelligent.
Development of Novel Women's Friendly Antifungal Microemulsion Loaded Gel for Vulvovaginal Infections
Authors: Dholakia Mansi S. , Patel Dinal , Patel Kruti A. , Joshi Parth R. , Bhatt Khushboo J. , Patel Mehul N. , Sorathia Kishor , Soni Tejal
Published: August 2024

Aim:

The research was carried out to develop the microemulsion-loaded gel of curcu-min, alkylpolyglucoside, and tea tree oil to treat vulvovaginal candidiasis infection.

Methods:

Screening of oils, surfactants, and co-surfactants was done based on solubility studies and the construction of pseudo-ternary phase diagrams with curcumin. The microemulsion was characterized for globule size, zeta potential, viscosity, and thermodynamic stability. Ex-vivo studies were carried out using Franz diffusion cells. The antifungal activity of microemulsion-loaded hydrogel was evaluated using the cup plate method using Candida albicans ATCC 10231 in glucose yeast agar medium.

Results:

The selected micro-emulsion consisted of curcumin 35μg/mL, IPM+TTO (1:1) 0.1 mL, Milcoside 100 + Acconon MC 8-2 EP NF 0.6-0.3 mL, phosphate buffer pH 4 160 mL showed maximum thermodynamic stability and exhibited lowest particle size and highest intensity. The viscosity of microemulsion-loaded gel was 11.2 pa.s. The surface tension of the microemulsion was measured by tensiometer and was found to be 26.07 mN/m. Antimicrobial susceptibility test-ing assay was done according to NCCLs assay protocol, and the EC50 value of our formulation was found to be 0.4465 μg/mL. In-vitro drug release and ex-vivo permeation studies showed 67.9% release in 420 minutes and 83.02% release in 360 minutes, respectively. An in-vitro irrita-tion study concluded that there was no redness or irritation on goat mucosa.

Conclusion:

The texture analysis test showed adhesiveness at -172.46 g s at - 4.60 adhesive force, and the peak load was 13.40 g. The microemulsion-loaded gel formulation can be a promis-ing alternative to the marketed formulations available for vaginal yeast infections.
An Overview of the Pharmacological and Phytochemical Characteristics of Betula utilis
Authors: Saha Sunam , Kumar Yatin , Gupta Jeetendra Kumar , Kumar Shivendra , Singh Kuldeep , Singh Talever , Vij Deepali , Garg Khushal
Published: August 2024

Background:

Betula utilis, commonly known as the Himalayan Birch or Bhojpatra, has been used for centuries in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for its diverse pharmaco-logical and phytochemical properties. This overview delves into the rich history and thera-peutic applications of Betula utilis from a TCM perspective. It discusses its role in promoting health and addressing various ailments, drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Furthermore, this abstract provides insights into the phytochemical constituents of Betula utilis, shedding light on the active compounds responsible for its medicinal benefits.

Methodology:

Information regarding the different species within the Betula genus was gath-ered through electronic searches utilizing platforms, such as Pubmed, SciFinder, Scirus, Google Scholar, JCCC@INSTIRC, and Web of Science. Additionally, a library search was conducted to locate articles published in peer-reviewed journals.

Result:

The bark of Betula utilis finds extensive usage in both Ayurveda and the Chinese system of medicine, where it is employed to address a range of health issues and medical conditions. These include applications in wound healing, skin sanitation, bronchitis, seizures, leprosy, blood disorders, and ear-related ailments. Moreover, the plant and its active components are frequently utilized for their anti-inflammatory, liver-protective, antimicrobial, and anti-tumor properties. This comprehensive review aims to provide a thorough examination of the available literature concerning the pharmacological and chemical characteristics of Betula utilis.