bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inside-out and outside-in: Tips and tricks in posterior lenticonus
Authors: Chattannavar Goura , Kekunnaya Ramesh
Published: August 2022

Background:

Posterior lenticonus is a congenital condition characterized by the thinning and bowing of posterior lenticular capsule. Cataract develops when normal intra-lenticular pressure bulges the posterior capsule at the circumscribed portion of inherent thin posterior lens capsule, leading to derangement of lamellar lens fibers. This condition poses a surgical challenge as the presentation varies from thin, bulging posterior capsule to large, pre-existing posterior capsular dehiscence.

Purpose:

This video highlights the tips for the surgical management of various scenarios of posterior lenticonus.

Synopsis:

In this video, tips for surgical management of various scenarios of posterior lenticonus are illustrated. Intraoperatively, ruptured posterior capsule is suspected by the presence of a fish-tail sign. The anterior capsulotomy is relatively easier in a flatter anterior lens capsule, owing to reduced intra-lenticular pressure. Hydro-dissection is avoided to prevent extension of pre-existing posterior capsular dehiscence or creation of rupture in a thinned-out capsule. The peripheral lens cortex aspiration is initiated first, followed by in each quadrant. In a presence of ruptured posterior capsule by vigilant inspection at this stage, the surgeon should change the direction of lens matter aspiration by aspirating the central lenticular matter first, followed by peripheral cortex like “inside-out”. In absence of posterior capsule dehiscence, peripheral cortex is aspira-ted first, followed by central lens matter aspiration like “outside-in”. Adequate anterior vitrectomy is performed until there are no vitreous tags.

Highlights:

In the presence of pre-existing posterior capsular defect, the lens matter is aspirated from the center (inside-out), whereas in the absence of capsular defect, the lens matter is aspirated from the periphery (outside-in).

Online Video link:

https://youtu.be/8G6BCbFwr8Q

Key words: Cataract surgery, posterior lenticonus, surgical techniques
Twofold technique for iridodialysis repair
Authors: Narang Priya , Agarwal Amar , Narang Rhea
Published: August 2022

Background:

Disinsertion of iris leads to debilitating sequelae like diplopia and glare. Hence, iridodialysis repair is essential to optimize the visual quality. Iris base repair often leads to corectopia that necessitates an additional procedure to optimize the pupil shape and size. Twofold technique helps to achieve both the aspects.

Purpose:

To highlight the technique of twofold iridodialysis repair.

Synopsis:

The video highlights the method of twofold iridodialysis repair, wherein nonappositional repair is followed by single-pass four-throw (SFT) pupilloplasty that allows adequate closure of varied degrees of iridodialysis along with centration of eccentric pupil.

Highlights:

The twofold technique is a combination of nonappositional iris repair and SFT procedure. It can be clinically applied in all cases of iridodialysis with varied degrees of severity.

Online Video Link:

https://youtu.be/OncBdz2UIBY

Key words: Twofold, iris repair, iridodialysis, nonappositional repair, pupilloplasty, SFT, single pass four throw, Category – innovation
Rural Indemnity Bond – Audacity in Austerity or Bonded Labour?
Authors: Bansal Vasu
Published: August 2022

The recommendation of a Rural Indemnity Bond after MBBS aims to address the rural-urban disparity in the Indian healthcare system. It is a radical reform in medical education curriculum and generates searching questions: How to affect the attitudes of medical graduates? Are there other successful models we can learn from? Do the healthcare challenges need a more integrated action? A policy enforcing the shunting of doctors needs to take the apprehensions of all the stakeholders into consideration. The broader issue of Rural Health Iniquity, that plagues the country requires interventions at multiple levels with a properly financed healthcare system at its foundation.
Post and Long-COVID Conditions
Authors: Chauhan Pooja , Pathak Vineet Kumar , Kumar Dewesh , Upadhyay Anita , Chatterjee Anirban , Lahariya Chandrakant
Published: August 2022

A proportion of individuals affected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 continue to have COVID-19 symptoms even after recovering from illness. These are termed as post-COVID condition (PCC)/long-COVID. Evidence suggests that symptoms of COVID-19 along with other generalised sequelae may persist in some patients with severe and very severe disease, as well as in patients who had mild or no symptoms. The management of PCC is a challenge as there is limited understanding about the issue even in healthcare professionals. Then, there is not enough documentation of post-COVID and long-COVID in India. From public health perspective, the health services and facilities have not been re-designed to tackle the situation. This review article aims to explore PCC and compilation of current international and national public health response along with recommendations to identify and manage the PCC at the primary. The article concludes the urgent need to document the burden of PCCs in India, develop standard case definition and equip primary healthcare facilities and providers with the requisite skills to manage the PCC. The governments, health care providers and facilities and public health bodies should also encourage and foster continuing country specific data, analysis and research into the determinants, duration and probable treatment modalities of PCC. The post and long-COVID conditions would require sustained policy and programmatic attention in all countries with special focus in low and middle income country settings.
Gallbladder Polyps
Authors: Bhatwal Aaditya , Bavikatte Akshay , Dhar Puneet
Published: August 2022

Background:

With better imaging technologies, the frequency of detecting GB polyps has increased, however, their effective management remains a clinical dilemma.

Aims:

This study was aimed to assess the true outcome of lesions suspected or diagnosed as gallbladder (GB) ‘polyp’ on ultrasound.

Patients and Methods:

Computerised hospital-based medical records between June 2008 and June 2014 at a medical sciences institute in Kerala were accessed to identify and review the follow-up of all cases identified as GB polyp on ultrasound.

Results:

Ultrasound examination was performed in 108 cases. Of these 46% had symptoms suggestive of gall bladder disease, 20% had nonspecific abdominal symptoms and for the remaining 34% it was part of routine health check-up. The mean polyp size was 4.7 mm. During follow-up, 20 (18.5%) patients underwent cholecystectomy and none of them came as true polyps on histopathology, 25 (23%) patients were lost to follow-up after primary ultrasonography and 10 (9.25%) patients died due to reasons unrelated to GB disease.

Conclusion:

Radiologists tend to over diagnose GB polyps due to the risk of malignant transformation of GB polyps and increased usage of imaging modalities. It is observed in this study that higher imaging modalities do not add significant specificity in the diagnosis of the true polyp. However, there is a need for a large cohort study to confirm the outcome.
Assessment of the Balloon Dilation Efficiency in Bladder Neck Contracture after Transurethral Interventions on the Prostate
Authors: Abbosov Shukhrat Anvarovich , Sorokin Nikolay Ivanovich , Shomarufov Azizbek Bakhodirovich , Kadrev Aleksey Viktorovich , Vitalevich Mikheev Konstantin , Fozilov Abdukodir Abdukahharovich , Nadjimitdinov Yalkin Saidovich , Alexsandrovich Ohobotov Dmitri , Giyasov Shukhrat Iskandarovich , Mukhtarov Shukhrat Tursunovich , Akilov Farkhad Ataullaevich , Kamalov Armais Albertovich
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

The aim was to assess the results of balloon dilation in patients with bladder neck contracture (BNC) after endoscopic surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Materials and Methods:

The study involved 120 patients with recurrent BNC after transurethral interventions for BPH. All patients underwent transurethral resection (TUR) of the bladder neck and were divided into two groups: Group A (n = 45) included men who, after TUR, additionally underwent repeated balloon dilation, whereas the control group B (n = 75) included men who were treated with alpha-blockers alone.

Results:

In 9 months after TUR and 3 months after the 4th balloon dilation procedure in Group A, the mean international prostate symptom score (IPSS) decreased from 20.1 ± 8.4 to 17.2 ± 7.4, and the IPSS-quality of life was 4.2 ± 1.2 (P > 0.05). In Group B, they were 21.7 ± 7.7 and 4.7 ± 1.1 (P > 0.05), respectively. In addition, the mean flow rate in Group A was 13.2 ± 5.4 ml/s, whereas in Group B, it was 8.7 ± 4.9 ml/s (P < 0.05). There was a significant decrease in the postvoid residual urine volume from 76.2 ± 96.1 ml to 37.6 ± 55.1 ml in Group A, whereas, in Group B, it increased from 63.0 ± 36.9 ml to 79.4 ± 71.6 ml (P > 0.05). Furthermore, 28.0% of patients of Group B and 13.3% of patients of Group A underwent repeated TUR of the bladder neck in 9 months follow-up period (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Balloon dilation is a safe less invasive procedure and can reduce the possibility of BNC recurrence and thus the rate of repeated transurethral interventions.
Shifting Paradigm of Urology Residency after the Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia
Authors: Wisda Kusuma A. H. , Danarto Raden , Ndraha Khairindra Adryan Kalya
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

World Health Organization has declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a global pandemic in March 2020. Nations around the world enact prevention measures such as lockdowns, quarantines, massive testing, and tracing policies. Prevention measures against the pandemic may result in less opportunities for urology residents to learn. This study aims to investigate the difference in urology residency in Indonesia before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods:

This research is a cross-sectional study. Authors analyzed 147 urology residents across five urology education centers in Indonesia who fulfilled a self-administered online questionnaire. Participants were asked about their objective and subjective experience regarding urology residency, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results:

Change in urology education paradigm in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic is agreed upon by 95.91% participants, 57.82% thinks it brings negative causes negative consequences. Anxiety toward competence level is felt by 70.06% of participants. Reduced opportunities to learn, especially surgical skills may lead to this result. Overall mental health condition of participants does not significantly change. Multiple factors may contribute to this result.

Conclusion:

As changes and adaptations are inevitable, more attention should be brought to residents' competence level while maintaining COVID-19 prevention protocol. This is the first nationwide survey showing the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on urology education system in Indonesia. Authors suggest a larg-scale study, with more detailed questionnaire to further elaborate the causes and effects of each variable observed.
О скорости сходимости квазигрупповых сверток вероятностных распределений
Authors: Yashunskii Aleksei Dmitrievich
Published: August 2022

Рассматривается одно из возможных обобщений сумм независимых случайных величин на случай операций в конечном множестве - квазигрупповые «суммы», в которых вместо операции суммирования используются квазигрупповые операции на заданном конечном множестве. Для квазигрупповых «сумм», содержащих $n$ независимых одинаково распределенных случайных величин, доказана экспоненциальная по $n$ скорость сходимости распределений к равномерному распределению.
Makerere University-Uganda Heart Institute collaborative cardiovascular disease training and research since 1988
Authors: Okello Emmy , Ssemogerere Lameck , Ssinabulya Isaac , Kayima James , Nakanjako Damalie , Sebatta Elias , Lubega Sulaiman , Oketcho Michael , Mwambu Tom , Lwabi Peter , Mijumbi Cephas , Omagino John
Published: August 2022

Background: Makerere University College of Health Sciences has been collaborating with the Uganda Heart Institute to build capacity for research, training and clinical care in cardiovascular medicine for the last 34 years to appropriately respond to rising societal needs for advanced cardiovascular care which was lacking before this period.

Aim: To describe the major milestones in the MakCHS-UHI cardiovascular training collaboration and chart way for future collaborations.

Method: This short communication highlights some of the salient features and important milestones in the collaboration journey of the two institutions.

Conclusion: Clinical centres of excellence in specialised fields of health care, such as the Uganda Heart Institute for Cardiology, provide a conducive academic environment for MakCHS clinical scientists to provide high quality evidence-based care to meet societal needs.

Keywords: Cardiovascular research; Uganda Heart Institute; Makerere University College of Health Sciences; Cardiology training.
Pediatric abdominal trauma in a National Referral Hospital
Authors: Alice Nimanya Stella , Sekabira John , Kakembo Nasser , Kisa Phyllis , Massenga Alicia , Naluyimbazi Rovine , Oyania Felix , Okello Innocent
Published: August 2022

Background: Trauma is a major contributor to pediatric morbidity and mortality. Injury and violence are a major killer of children throughout the world. Unintentional injuries account for almost 90% of these cases. They are the leading cause of death for children aged 10-19 years. More than 95% of all injury deaths in children occur in low income and middle-income countries. Abdominal trauma is present in approximately 25% of pediatric patients with major trauma and is the most common cause of unrecognized fatal injury in children.

Objectives: To describe the patterns, the management and outcomes of pediatric abdominal trauma. This was a descriptive retrospective study. Data was extracted from the Pediatric surgery Unit database from January 2012 to July 2019 on all abdominal trauma admissions to the unit.

Results: Falls were the commonest (51.3%) mechanism for trauma on the unit. Most (84%) of the admissions had blunt abdominal trauma, with the majority (77%) managed non operatively. Only 16% had penetrating trauma, with the majority (84%) of these managed operatively. The average length of hospital stay for most (71.9%) of the patients was less than 7 days, with 96.1% of all admitted patients being discharged upon recovery.

Conclusion: Blunt abdominal trauma is the most common pattern of pediatric abdominal trauma, with majority of these patients being managed non-operatively with good outcomes. Selective non-operative management for penetrating pediatric abdominal trauma has good patient outcomes as well.

Keywords: Pediatric trauma; abdominal injury.
Infectious Diseases Institute at Makerere University College of Health Sciences: a case study of a sustainable capacity building model for health care, research and training
Authors: Nakanjako Damalie , Castelnuovo Barbara , Sewamkambo Nelson , Kakaire Tom , L Brough Richard , T Katabira Elly , L Thomas David , C Quinn Thomas , Colebunders Robert , C Greene Warner , R Ronald Allan , Coutinho Alex , McAdam Keith , Serwadda David , Wabwire-Mangen Fred , Katongole-Mbidde Edward , Musoke Philippa , Joloba Moses , McKinnell Henry , Kamya Moses , Mayanja-Kizza Harriet , C Manabe Yukari , Kambugu Andrew
Published: August 2022

The Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI), established in 2001, was the first autonomous institution of Makerere University set up as an example of what self-governing institutes can do in transforming the academic environment to become a rapidly progressive University addressing the needs of society. This paper describes the success factors and lessons learned in development of sustainable centers of excellence to prepare academic institutions to respond appropriately to current and future challenges to global health.

Key success factors included a) strong collaboration by local and international experts to combat the HIV pandemic, along with b) seed funding from Pfizer Inc., c) longstanding collaboration with Accordia Global Health Foundation to create and sustain institutional strengthening programs, d) development of a critical mass of multi-disciplinary research leaders and managers of the center, and e) a series of strong directors who built strong governance structures to execute the vision of the institute, with subsequent transition to local leadership.

Conclusion: Twenty years of sustained investment in infrastructure, human capital, leadership, and collaborations present Makerere University and the sub-Saharan Africa region with an agile center of excellence with preparedness to meet the current and future challenges to global health.

Keywords: Capacity building; public-private partnership; global epidemic response.
Twenty years of Prevention of Mother to Child HIV Transmission: research to implementation at a national referral hospital in Uganda
Authors: Namara-Lugolobi Emily , Namukwaya Zikulah , Owor Maxensia , Ouma Joseph , Namale-Matovu Joyce , Nakabiito Clemensia , Ndugwa Christopher , Glenn Fowler Mary , Musoke Phillipa
Published: August 2022

Background: Over 90% of new paediatric HIV infections are acquired through mother to child transmission. Prevention of mother to child HIV transmission (PMTCT) research in sub-Saharan Africa informed WHO guidelines which enabled implementation of PMTCT programs globally.

Objectives: To describe Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University (MU-JHU) perinatal HIV prevention research and implementation of the Mulago National Referral Hospital (MNRH) PMTCT program.

Methods: Perinatal HIV prevention studies conducted at MU-JHU between 1997–2016 were summarized. Program aggregated data was extracted and analyzed using STATA 15.

Results: In 1999, the HIVNET 012 study demonstrated that single-dose nevirapine (sdNVP) to the mother at onset of labor and to her newborn, reduced MTCT by nearly 50%. In 2016, the PROMISE study documented the safety and efficacy of ART during pregnancy and breastfeeding period. Program implementation at MNRH started in 2000. Uptake of HIV testing increased from 70% to 99% from 2006 onwards. sd NVP was the initial ARV regimen but by 2012, MOH recommended Option B+(triple therapy). MTCT rates reduced from 16.9% in 2001 to 2.3% in 2020.

Conclusion: Perinatal HIV prevention clinical trials conducted at MU-JHU provided evidence to inform WHO PMTCT guidelines. MNRH program evaluation demonstrated the significant decline in MTCT rates over the last two decades.

Keywords: PMTCT Research; PMTCT Program; sub-Saharan Africa.
Changes in normal and apoptotic pyramidal neuronal cell densities in prefrontal cortex of the male rat following chronic khat use
Authors: Karau Paul Bundi , Odula Paul , Obimbo Moses
Published: August 2022

Long-term Khat consumption is associated with significant neuro-cognitive changes, which have been elucidated in behavioral studies. However,  correlation of these neurophysiological changes with experimental structural changes in prefrontal neurons has not been described adequately.  Young adult male Winstar rats, aged 2-3 months, weighing 200-300 grams were randomized into four groups of 11 each to correspond with those  used as controls, those that received 500mg/kg, 1000mg/kg and 2000mg/kg body weight khat extracts respectively. The control rats were fed on  normal diet, while experimental groups were fed on normal diet and khat extracts using oral gavage for 6 weeks. The animals were sacrificed, and  their brains removed. Toluidine blue staining was used to elucidate the Nissl substance. Image-Fiji was used to analyse densities of normal and  apoptotic pyramidal neuronal densities across the 4 experimental groups. Normal pyramidal neurons were identifiable by their characteristic  uniform size and prominent nucleoli, while apoptotic cells displayed prominent eosinophilia and pyknotic nuclei. There was a statistically significant  increase in apoptotic pyramidal neurons across the three khat-fed groups compared to controls, and a decrease in normal pyramidal neuronal  population from controls with increasing doses of khat. This decrease in normal pyramidal neurons and increase in apoptosis could be a potential   surrogate for neurocognitive perturbations associated with chronic khat use.
Relationship of the neurovascular structures of the infratemporal fossae in black Zimbabweans: A cadaveric study
Authors: Makosa Tapera , Bere Silas , Chidavaenzi Robstein , Mawera Gilbert
Published: August 2022

The Maxillary Artery (MA) is known to vary in its relationship to lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) and its relationship to inferior alveolar nerve (IAN)  and lingual nerve (LN). The variation poses surgical challenges and complications in anesthetic injection. This cadaveric study sought to describe the  anatomy of the inferior alveolar nerve, lingual nerve and maxillary artery in infratemporal fossa and its associated variations. Thirty hemi-  sections from 15 male cadavers were used. Dissection of the infratemporal fossae was done to expose the MA, LPM, IAN and LN. The relationship of  MA to LPM was noted, roots of IAN were noted and relationship of structures were scrutinized. Pictures were taken for further analysis. Out of 30 hemi-sections, dissected 43.3% had a medial relationship to LPM while 56.7% of MA had a lateral relationship. Three (20%) of the cadavers showed  asymmetry whereby MA passed on the medial side of LPM on one side while the other side it passed on the lateral aspect. Most of the hemi-  sections (86.7%) had IAN originating with one (1) root, 3 hemi-sections (10%) with two roots and one (3.3%) with three roots. Only one hemi-section  showed presence of a communicating branch between IAN and LN. The variations in MA in this population displays patterns comparable to other  populations. There was high prevalence of MA passing lateral to LPM, which is consistent with studies done elsewhere. There were variations of IAN  originating with multiple roots and presence of communicating branch between IAN and LN, which was consistent with case reports in literature.
Politics of managing university education with emerging technologies in the covid-19 pandemic era: perspectives of academic staff in cross river state, nigeria.
Authors: Ekpenyong Asuquo, Michael , Imo Ekpoh, Uduak , Victoria Udeh, Kelechi
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study was to analyze academic staff perception of politics of managing university education with emerging technologies in the Covid-19 pandemic era in Cross River State, Nigeria. Descriptive survey research design was adopted in this study. The population of the study was made up of all the 2867 academic staff academic staff cutting across the University of Calabar and Cross River University of Technology, all in Cross River State, Nigeria. To collect data for the study, the sample of the study was 1432 academic staff randomly selected from the entire population of academic staff of the two universities. Questionnaire was the major instrument for data collection. Data collected were coded and analyzed using mean, standard deviation and frequency counts. It was found among others that; appointment, funding, employment, award of contract and payment of EAA are all areas with political interference in the university system; YouTube, Edmodo, Facebook WhatsApp, Blogging, Telegramm, Digital White Board, Wechat, EasyBib, Notability, Projector and  Zoom are among the emerging technologies in the university for teaching and learning in the covid-19 pandemic era. Among the recommendations was that university management and the government should ensure that emerging technologies are made available and optimally utilized by both academic staff and students for effective teaching, learning, assessment of students, research result dissemination and for the general management of the public universities.
Prevalence of M. tuberculosis and Associated Risk Factors Among Suspected Patients in Federal Medical Centre Birnin Kudu, Jigawa State.
Authors: Olalere Obadire Samuel , Olley Mitsan , Clement Oke Olakunle , Paul Ige Ilesanmi
Published: August 2022

Tuberculosis (TB) stands as a major global health problem, ranking as the second highest cause of death from an infectious disease globally, after the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The aim of this study was to identify mycobacteria tuberculosis at the molecular level in symptomatic presumptive TB subjects in Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Kudu Jigawa State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted between April to December, 2019 at the Federal Medical Centre Birnin – Kudu (FMC, BKD), Jigawa State. Subjects presenting with any of the following symptoms were recruited: the presence of symptoms suggestive of TB like chronic cough for a period of ≥ 2 weeks, night sweats, fatigue, unexpected loss of weight, and fever. Each eligible subject (272) who signed written consent and provided clinical specimens were recruited into the study. Four milliliters (4ml) of sputum sample were collected. In the case of presumptive extra-pulmonary TB, four milliliters of either pus, CSF samples was collected. Samples were immediately processed for Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay. Testing for HIV was done according to the current national algorithm recommended by the Federal Ministry of Health of Nigeria. Total number of 52 subjects were M. tuberculosis positive with a total prevalence of 19.1% and total prevalence of 1.1% rifampicin resistance. Most 157 (57.7%) were males. Age groups 20-29, 30-39, and 40-49 have TB positivity rate of 33.5%, 26.5%, and 12.9% respectively. Majority 194 (71.3%) of participants were rural dwellers. Prevalence of HIV was 50 (18.4%) among study participants. The measure of association showed that there was significant association (p<0.05) between TB positivity with type of residence, history of previous TB treatment and reason for diagnosis. Urban residents were 3.23 times likely of being TB positive compared to rural dwellers. The prevalence of Rifampicin-resistant M. tuberculosis is low in pulmonary tuberculosis cases in the study area.
Potential Differential Marker in the Diagnosis of Leptospirosis
Authors: Hudu Shuaibu Abdullahi , Saeed Mohammed Ibrahim
Published: August 2022

Human leptospirosis, or commonly known as the “rat urine disease” is a zoonotic disease caused by a bacterium called Leptospira sp. acquired via the urine of animal carriers. It is believed that the incidence rate of leptospirosis has been under-reported due to its unspecific clinical Symptoms and the limitations of current diagnostic methods. Leptospirosis can be effectively treated with antibiotics in the early stage, and it is a curable disease. But the accuracy to diagnose the infection is rarely achieved. The present study investigated the plasma protein profiles of lleptospirosis patients who presented with different clinical presentations, and compared them against two control groups consisting of dengue patients and healthy individuals. The plasma protein digests were analyzed using a shotgun approach by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) as described by the manufacturer. The proteins detected in every leptospirosis patient and with at least two-fold differential expression with statistical significance (p<0.05) compared to the control groups were identified. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein (LBP) is reported as the only plasma protein that fulfilled the selection criteria. The characteristics and roles of LBP in the immune system during infections are reviewed. Compared to the other proteome-based studies on human leptospirosis. The present study is the first that reported LBP as one of the significant differentially expressed proteins. Potential of coupling LBP with other disease-specific biomarkers in clinical diagnosisand prognosis should be considered.
Anti-tumour therapy and renal-associated derangements among Breast Cancer Patients attending University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar Nigeria
Authors: Udosen J.E. , Akwiwu E.C. , Akpotuzor D.U. , Akpotuzor J.O.
Published: August 2022

Among the different biomedical derangements that have been observed in breast cancer, renal function parameters are considered quite important. Renal-associated derangements are part of the critical aspects in the management of cancer patients. These morbidity indicators could find usefulness in determining the dynamics of genetic and pharmacologic interplay with regards to anti-tumour agents. The present study therefore focused on women of Southern Nigerian descent who had been diagnosed with breast cancer and receiving chemotherapy after surgical removal of the breast tumour. The study was conducted in University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar. It included 36 cases of pathologically diagnosed breast cancer (BC) patients as well as 36 apparently healthy females drawn from the general population who served as control group. Ethical approval and informed consent were duly sought from the Health and Research Ethics Committee (HREC) of University of Calabar Teaching Hospital. Standard colorimetric methods were used to determine all the parameters (Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Bicarbonate, Urea and Creatinine) among the BC patients who were receiving adjuvant 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide (FEC) chemotherapy and the control group. The data obtained were analyzed in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) using students t-test at 95% confidence level with p-value of ≤ 0.05. Breast Cancer patients had significantly lower mean value of Chloride compared to controlsubjects(p = 0.022). In terms of derangements, this study recorded higher proportions of hyponatremia (42%), hypokalemia (33%) and hypochloremia (42%) alongside hypercreatininemia (33%). The observed hyponatremia and hypokalemia were mainly mild-moderate (31% and 33% respectively) in terms of severity. In conclusion, this study observed renal-associated derangements among breast cancer patients on treatment, mainly in the form of hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypochloremia and hypercreatininemia.
Osmanlı Toplumundaki Bid'at ve Hurafelere İlişkin Bir Metin
Authors: ÖZKAN Ferudun Hakan
Published: August 2022

Bid’at, hurâfe ya da bâtıl inanç kavramlarıyla karşılanan; çoğunlukla inanç alanına mahsus konularda inancın aslında olmayan, itikadî esaslara aykırılık teşkil eden ve dinin yozlaşıp toplumun dinin aslından uzaklaşmasına sebep olan uydurma inançlar, geniş ve bilgisiz halk yığınları arasında rahatça yayılma özelliğine sahiptir. Günümüzde de sıkça görülen bu uydurma haber ve inançlara Osmanlı aydını tepkisiz kalmamış, mensup olunan dinin aslına bağlı kalınması için çaba gösteren bilgili ve gayretli din ve ilim adamları bu bâtıl inanışları izâle edebilmek için çeşitli eserler kaleme almışlardır. Halk tarafından kolayca ezberlenip toplumda dilden dile yayılabilmesi için manzum olarak kaleme alınan bu eserlerde müellifin önemli gördüğü ve tehlike arz ettiğini düşündüğü bâtıl inanışlar tek tek ele alınıp yanlışlığı ispatlanarak okuyucu doğru bilgiyle donatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Makaleye konu olan metin de eserin sonunda müellif tarafından verilen bilgilerden anlaşıldığı kadarıyla 17-18. yüzyılda yaşamış Süleyman adlı bir din adamı olması kuvvetle muhtemel bir aydının batıl inanışlar karşısındaki feveranını içermektedir. Altmış başlık altında, dinin akâid denilen inanç esaslarına ve çoğunlukla da günlük hayattaki yaşanış biçimine ilişkin batıl inanışlar ele alınmış ve bunların yanlışlığı ortaya konmuştur. Eser, bilgi vermek amacıyla yazıldığı için edebî kaygılar güdülmemiş, bunun neticesinde vezin kusurlarının ve tekrar eden ifadelerin sıkça görüldüğü bir metin ortaya çıkmış; metinde sıradan halk kesiminin kolayca anlayabileceği sade bir dil kullanılmıştır.
SIRALI-TERS SIRALI POZİSYON AĞIRLIĞI YÖNTEMLERİ VE 0-1 TAMSAYILI PROGRAMLAMA İLE MONTAJ HATTI DENGELEME
Authors: ARSLANKAYA Seher , AYDIN Merve
Published: August 2022

Günümüz küresel dünyasında işletmeler pazarda tutunabilmek ve rekabet güçlerini artırmak için kaynaklarını verimli şekilde kullanmak zorundadırlar. Kaynakların verimli kullanılması ile birim maliyetler düşmekte, böylelikle işletmelerin rekabet güçleri artmaktadır. İmalat sektöründe faaliyet gösteren bir işletme için montaj hatlarında görevlerin dengesiz dağılımı, işletme kaynaklarının verimsiz kullanılmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle montaj hattı dengeleme çalışmaları kaynakların verimli kullanılması açısından önem kazanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada beyaz eşya üreten bir işletmenin montaj hattı ele alınmıştır. İşletmede montaj bandının mevcut durumu incelendiğinde iş yüklerinin dengesiz dağıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan çalışma ile görevlerin iş istasyonlarına dengeli bir şekilde dağıtılarak %30 olan denge kaybını azaltmak ve aynı zamanda montaj hattında çalışan 18 işçi sayısını da azaltarak verimliliğinin artırılması istenmektedir. Bu çalışmada montaj hattı dengeleme yöntemi olarak sezgisel yöntem olan Sıralı Pozisyon Ağırlıklı Metot ve Ters Sıralı Pozisyon Ağırlıklı Metot; analitik yöntem olan 0-1 Tamsayılı Programlama seçilmiştir. Bu yöntemler ile hat dengeleme çalışmaları sonucunda, denge kaybı %30’ dan %11’e ve montaj bandındaki 18 olan işçi sayısı 14’e düşürülmüştür. Sıralı Pozisyon Ağırlıklı Metot, Ters Sıralı Pozisyon Ağırlıklı Metot ve 0-1 Tamsayılı Programlama yöntemi ile dengelenen montaj hattı iş istasyonları sürelerine SPSS programında t Testi yapılmıştır ve bu test sonucu hat dengeleme 3 yöntemle de yapıldığında anlamlı bir fark olmayacağı sonucuna varılmıştır.
EFQM MODELİ İLE BİR KURUMUN YÖNÜNÜ BELİRLEME: KAYSERİ ULAŞIM AŞ 2021-2025 STRATEJİK PLANI
Authors: ÜVENÇ Gökhan , GÜRBÜZ Feyza
Published: August 2022

Günümüzde performansı ve dönüşümü yönetmek kuruluşlar için her zamankinden daha önemli hale gelmiştir. Performansı ve dönüşümü yönetmede belki de en önemli adım kuruluşun yönünün etkili bir şekilde belirlenmesidir. Stratejik planlama yaklaşımı kuruluşların yönünü belirlemede kullanılan yöntemden biridir. Bu araştırmada, sektöründe öncü kurum olma hedefi olan, Kayseri Ulaşım AŞ’nin 2021-2025 Stratejik Planını oluşturma aşamaları, bu aşamalarda kullanılan yöntemler ve yöntemlerin uygulaması ile ortaya koyulan çıktılar aktarılmıştır. Kayseri Ulaşım AŞ 2021-2025 Stratejik Planı, EFQM 2020 Modelinin gerekliliklerini göz önünde bulundurularak oluşturulmuştur. Bu durum araştırmanın paydaş analizi, PESTLE analizi, SWOT analizi, TOWS analizi gibi sağlam temelli yaklaşımlar kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmesini beraberinde getirmiştir. Yapılan çalışma ile Kayseri Ulaşım AŞ’nin amacını gerçekleştirmesinin ve vizyonuna ulaşmasının yolunun açılması hedeflenmiştir. Kuruluşun bu yolda ilerlemesini sağlayacak stratejik amaçlar ve stratejik hedefler belirlenmiştir. Yapılan araştırmanın EFQM Modelini kurumsal yönetim modeli olarak benimseyen ve üstün performansı hedefleyen kuruluşlar için yön belirlemede kılavuz kaynak niteliğinde olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Mixed Convection from Inclined Square Cylinder in a Square Cavity
Authors: KURTULMUŞ Nazım
Published: August 2022

In this work, mixed convection from an inclined square cylinder in a cavity is numerically investigated. A commercial CFD solver Ansys Fluent is used to solve the problem. First, the inclined square cylinder is located at the center of the cavity, then the location of the cylinder is changed along the x-axis. The cavity walls are assumed to be adiabatic and the cylinder walls are assumed to be isothermal boundary condition. The Reynolds number, Re varies from 100 to 300 and the Grashof numbers, Gr range from 103 to 105 throughout the work. The working fluid is chosen as air at Prandtl number, Pr = 0.7. The Nusselt number, Nu variations, the distributions of velocity and isotherms are presented in Tables and Figures.
ECG Sensor Measurements with Arduino in Biomedicine Education
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty od Technical Sciences, Serbia, Vujičić Dejan , Stojić Dijana ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty od Technical Sciences, Serbia, Damnjanović Đorđe ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty od Technical Sciences, Serbia, Marković Dušan ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty od Agronomy, Serbia, Randjić Siniša ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty od Technical Sciences, Serbia
Published: August 2022

This paper presents the system for electrocardiogram measurements (ECG) using an Arduino microcontroller and AD8232 ECG sensor. The paper gives the basics of human heart anatomy and electrical activity which is enough for understanding the basic principles of ECG measurements. The hardware and software components are presented, as well as the given results. This system can be effectively used as an ECG measurement device and in biomedicine students’ education.
Construction and programming of the platform for spatial imaging with sensors
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty od Technical Sciences, Serbia, Ojdanić Vasilije , Čubonović Stefan ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty od Technical Sciences, Serbia, Vujičić Vojislav ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty od Technical Sciences, Serbia, Koprivica Branko ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty od Technical Sciences, Serbia
Published: August 2022

In this paper, the construction solution and the method of programming the platform for spatial imaging with sensors are presented. The mechanical construction of the platform is described in detail, as well as the electrical components needed for movement of the sensor carrier in the horizontal plane. Movement is achieved by two stepper motors, and movement control is obtained by connecting the corresponding Arduino and LabVIEW programs. The movement of the carrier from the initial position, through four arbitrary points, until it is placed again in the initial position was realised. The paper provides relevant technical data about the platform, connection diagrams, parts of the program code and accompanying discussion.
Determining source code repetitiveness on various types of programming assignments
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty od Technical Sciences, Serbia, Jovanović Željko , Knežević Mihailo ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty od Technical Sciences, Serbia, Pešović Uroš ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty od Technical Sciences, Serbia, Đurašević Slađana ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty od Technical Sciences, Serbia
Published: August 2022

Software projects code duplication and plagiarism are very important in various test cases. The purpose of the work presented in this paper is to observe how various software architectures, project structures, and coding approaches generate different views on code changes. In this paper, code plagiarism -code comparing, in different types of projects has been analyzed through two different approaches. Pythonscript based on the sequence matcher function and the GitLab compare tool are analyzed and compared.Results are presented and discussed in the paper.
Kinematic analysis of door closer mechanism using software package SAM 8.1
Authors:   Faculty of Applied Sciences /Department of Mechanical Engineering, Niš, Serbia, Milenković Branislav , Jovanović Đorđe ,   Mathematical institute of SASA /Department of Computer Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia
Published: August 2022

The topic of this paper is to study and describe kinematic analysis of a door closer. By performing kinematic analysis, the velocity, acceleration and point position values are obtained. These data are important for the optimal sizing of the mechanism and supporting elements. We compare the analysis made by the graphical method with the analysis obtained with computer programs designed for kinematic analysis (SAM 8.1)
Application of Robotic Vision and PSO algorithm for determining the optimal path of movement of the robotic system
Authors:   Academy of professional studies Šumadija/Department, Trstenik, Srbija, Petrović Zvonko , Tufegdžić Milica ,   College of Applied Mechanical Engineering, The First Technical School, University of Nis, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Jevremović Vladeta ,   Academy of professional studies Šumadija/Department, Trstenik, Srbija, Pravdić Predrag ,   Academy of professional studies Šumadija/Department, Trstenik, Srbija
Published: August 2022

The application of robotic vision and biologically inspired algorithms improves the process of programming the movement of a robotic system. In the work, the optimal path of movement of the robotic system during the welding process was determined. The shape of the path to be taken was recorded using a 2D camera, i.e. robotic vision, and the optimal path of movement determined by the PSO (Particle swarm optimization) algorithm.
A Deep Neuronal Network-Based Sensor for the Detection of Oxygen inside the Carbonization Furnace
Authors:   Facultad Tecnológica, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá, Colombia, Martínez Fredy
Published: August 2022

Agricultural production generates biological surpluses that can be used to produce additional products through thermal and/or chemical transformations, such as the carbonization of vegetables. The oxygen on the vegetable material during the carbonization process inside a furnace is an important parameter that determines not only the success of the process but also the quality of the final product. It is difficult to measure the oxygen inside the furnace in real time, partly because of the working environment of the sensor, and partly because of the operating characteristics of the furnace (continuous rotation on its axis). The goal of this project is to develop a reliable measurement system capable of operating in real-time. For the continuous and precise detection of the temperature inside the furnaces of a carbonization plant, we propose a method based on the characterization of the image inside the furnace using a deep neuronal network. First of all, the images of the interior of the furnace are captured through a digital camera in front of the material and the axis of rotation of the furnace. Then, the area of interest in each frame of the video is determined by image processing. Oxygen content information is then obtained using a deep model trained for the same furnace with pattern oxygen level sensors. Experiments conducted on actual operating conditions of the furnace demonstrate that the proposed method for estimating the working oxygen provides reliable data for the control of plant operation. The proposed measurement scheme demonstrated high reliability against the many changes present inside the furnace, also, its low computational consumption makes it a viable strategy for embedded implementation and operation in real-time.
New Approach to Brachial Plexus Block for Upper Arm Surgery
Authors:   Anesthesiologist Westerna Hospital Nepalgunj, Gyawali Dr. Nirmal Kumar
Published: August 2022

This study was conducted in western Hospital and research centre Nepalgunj from 2007 to 2010. It was a prospective non randomized study consisting 250 patient of both sex and aged between 18 and 67 years with ASA (American Society of Anaesthesiologist) grade I and II scheduled for upper arm surgery. The subjects were given brachial plexus block on sitting position with their head tilted to opposite side of the block. In this technique 3 cm long 23 gauge needle was inserted from the point above clavicle to the lateral to subclavian artery pulsation, direction of needle was towards spinous process of 7th cervical vertebra. This procedure was done in 250 patients. Out of 250 patients 246 patients experienced paresthesia and pain relief after 20 ml solution (mixture of 5 ml 0.5% bupivacaine, 5 ml 2% xylocaine with adrenalin and 10ml normal saline). The onset of sensory block onset was observed to be 6.32±0.94 minutes and duration of sensory block was 2.5 to 4.2 hours. Similarly, the onset of motor block was 10.72±1.0 minutes and duration of action was 0.5 to 2.5 hours.
Unusual Abnormal Communications Leading to Interesting Imaging Findings in Onco-Radiological Practice
Authors:   MNJ institute of oncology and regional cancer center, red hills, lakdikapul hyderabad, telangana-500004, Palaparthi Elizabeth Caroline
Published: August 2022

An abnormal communication is a connection between two epithelial surfaces such as between hollow organs, skin or vessels. In onco-radiological practice they may occur in association with malignancy due to the primary or recurrent tumor, or in due course of treatment of the tumor by surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Looking for these abnormal communications and their causes are necessary for further planning, management and follow up of these cases. Computed tomography (CT) is sensitive in detecting , assessing the fistulous tract with positive contrast effect and contrast leak at abnormal sites, changes in the adjacent soft tissue and identification of air foci within the tract. Now, we report a case series of 8 rare, unusual and abnormal communications such as esophago-mediastinal, tracheo-mediastinal, entero-enteric, entero-cutaneous seen in different cancers on CT in our oncoradiological practice in MNJ Institute of Oncology and Regional Cancer Center.
Shariah Tourism Based on Local Wisdom: Religious, Income, Motivation, Demand and Value of Willingness to Pay (WTP)
Authors:   Faculty of Economic and Islamic Business, Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Syekh Nurjati Cirebon, West Java, Indonesia, Nasir Abdul , Layaman Layaman , Busthomi Achmad Otong , Rismaya Erin
Published: August 2022

This study aims to analyze local wisdom-based shariah tourism in Indonesia on the level of income, motivation, demand and willingness to pay. The location of this research is in the City and Regency of Cirebon, West Java, Indonesia. This research is qualitative and quantitative. We are collecting data through surveys and determining the survey sample using the purposive convenience sampling method. The sample is at least 100 people randomly. The study results show that the high demand for religious tourism in all respondents of religious groups can manifest a vital dimension of spirituality in every human, regardless of the spiritual teachings carried out in his life. Income levels have a weak or insignificant correlation to the potential demand for religious tourism, which can be exciting and prospective if viewed from a marketing perspective. There is no significant relationship between motivation and income with the respondent's demand for responsible religious tourism activities. No correlation in the level of income with demand for religious tourism can indicate that this type of tourism activity has the potential to be marketed to consumers at all income levels, from low-income to high-income earners. The value of willingness to pay significantly correlates to religious tourism demand.
The Role of Organizational Commitments in Improving Managerial Performance Affected by Budgeting Participation
Authors:   Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Negeri Malang-Indonesia, Trisnawati Novi
Published: August 2022

This study aims to examine the effect of Participation in Budgeting on Managerial Performance and the effect of Participation in Budgeting on Managerial Performance through Organizational Commitment as a moderating variable. This study uses the Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) method. This research was conducted on structural officials at the Malang City Government Service. The sample in this study amounted to 184 respondents using the proportional random sampling technique. Based on the test results, it can be concluded that participation in budgeting has a significant effect on managerial performance and organizational commitment is able to moderate or strengthen the relationship between the influence of participation in budgeting on managerial performance.