bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Multi‐Functional Nanoadjuvant Coupling Manganese with Toll‐Like 9 Agonist Stimulates Potent Innate and Adaptive Anti‐Tumor Immunity
Authors: Liu Zhongjie , Li Shu , Xiao Yang , Liu Xiaoyang , Zhang Bin , Zeng Qin , Ao Qiang , Zhang Xingdong
Published: September 2024

The effectiveness of Toll‐like 9 agonists (CpG) as an adjuvant for tumor immunotherapy is restricted due to their insufficient ability to activate anti‐tumor immunity. To address that, the common nutrient metal ions are explored (Mn2+, Cu2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Fe3+, and Al3+), identifying Mn2+ as a key enhancer of CpG to mediate immune activation by augmenting the STING‐NF‐κB pathway. Mn2+ and CpG are then self‐assembled with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) into a nanoadjuvant MPN/CpG. Local delivery of MPN/CpG effectively inhibits tumor growth in a B16 melanoma‐bearing mouse model, reshaping the tumor microenvironment (TME) by repolarizing M2‐type tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) to an M1‐type and boosting intra‐tumoral infiltration of CD8+/CD4+ T lymphocytes and DCs. Furthermore, compared to free CpG, MPN/CpG exhibits heightened accumulation in lymph nodes, enhancing CpG uptake and DC activation, consequently inducing significant antigen‐specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cell immune response and humoral immunity. In a prophylactic tumor‐bearing mouse model, MPN/CpG vaccination with OVA antigen significantly delays B16‐OVA melanoma growth and extends mouse survival. These findings underscore the potential of MPN/CpG as a multifunctional adjuvant platform to drive powerful innate and adaptive immunity and regulate TME against tumors.
Energy Landscape Reveals the Underlying Mechanism of Cancer‐Adipose Conversion in Gene Network Models
Authors: Chen Zihao , Lu Jia , Zhao Xing‐Ming , Yu Haiyang , Li Chunhe
Published: September 2024

Cancer is a systemic heterogeneous disease involving complex molecular networks. Tumor formation involves an epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), which promotes both metastasis and plasticity of cancer cells. Recent experiments have proposed that cancer cells can be transformed into adipocytes via a combination of drugs. However, the underlying mechanisms for how these drugs work, from a molecular network perspective, remain elusive. To reveal the mechanism of cancer‐adipose conversion (CAC), this study adopts a systems biology approach by combing mathematical modeling and molecular experiments, based on underlying molecular regulatory networks. Four types of attractors are identified, corresponding to epithelial (E), mesenchymal (M), adipose (A) and partial/intermediate EMT (P) cell states on the CAC landscape. Landscape and transition path results illustrate that intermediate states play critical roles in the cancer to adipose transition. Through a landscape control approach, two new therapeutic strategies for drug combinations are identified, that promote CAC. These predictions are verified by molecular experiments in different cell lines. The combined computational and experimental approach provides a powerful tool to explore molecular mechanisms for cell fate transitions in cancer networks. The results reveal underlying mechanisms of intermediate cell states that govern the CAC, and identified new potential drug combinations to induce cancer adipogenesis.
Remarkable Active Site Utilization in Edge‐Hosted‐N Doped Carbocatalysts for Fenton‐Like Reaction
Authors: Zhong Huajie , Gong Zeyu , Yu Jiaxing , Hou Yu , Tao Yuan , Fu Qi , Yang Huangsheng , Xiao Xinzhe , Cao Xingzhong , Wang Junhui , Ouyang Gangfeng
Published: September 2024

Improving the utilization of active sites in carbon catalysts is significant for various catalytic reactions, but still challenging, mainly due to the lack of strategies for controllable introduction of active dopants. Herein, a novel “Ar plasma etching‐NH3 annealing” strategy is developed to regulate the position of active N sites, while maintaining the same nitrogen species and contents. Theoretical and experimental results reveal that the edge‐hosted‐N doped carbon nanotubes (E‐N‐CNT), with only 0.29 at.% N content, show great affinity to peroxymonosulfate (PMS), and exhibit excellent Fenton‐like activity by generating singlet oxygen (1O2), which can reach as high as 410 times higher than the pristine CNT. The remarkable utilization of edge‐hosted nitrogen atom is further verified by the edge‐hosted‐N enriched carbocatalyst, which shows superior capability for 4‐chlorophenol degradation with a turnover frequency (TOF) value as high as 3.82 min−1, and the impressive TOF value can even surpass those of single‐atom catalysts. This work proposes a controllable position regulation of active sites to improve atom utilization, which provides a new insight into the design of excellent Fenton‐like catalysts with remarkable atom utilization efficiency.
Loss‐of‐Function Variant in PPP1R12A‐Related Urogenital and/or Brain Malformation Syndrome: Expanded Phenotype of Sex Reversal
Authors: Contreras‐Capetillo Silvina Noemí , Abreu‐González Melania , Centeno‐Navarrete Yahir , Ferro‐Muñoz Stephany Renatta , Ceballos‐Zapata Julio , García‐Martínez Cesiah
Published: September 2024

Differences of sex development (DSDs) are a heterogeneous group of congenital conditions in which chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex does not match. The broad spectrum of phenotypes associated with DSDs requires accurate diagnosis, which influences the care and quality of life of affected patients. The decreasing costs of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and international research collaborations in rare diseases have allowed the identification of new genes associated with DSDs. Recently, Hughes et al. in 2020 reported the association of loss‐of‐function (LoF) variants in PPP1R12A with morphological anomalies of the midline, including holoprosencephaly and urogenital malformations, also known as genitourinary and/or brain malformation syndrome (OMIM #618820). In this report, we describe a Mexican individual with hypertelorism, multiple skin hemangiomas, testicular atrophy, and sex reversal, in whom a c.1880delC frameshift variant in PPP1R12A was detected by exome sequencing. Segregation analysis confirmed it as a de novo variant through Sanger sequencing. The main objective of this report is to expand PPP1R12A‐related urogenital and/or brain malformation syndrome.
Parent Narratives Provide Perspectives on the Experience of Care in Trisomy 18
Authors: Bierer Ryann , Mladucky Janessa , Anderson Rebecca , Carey John C.
Published: September 2024

Trisomy 18 syndrome, also known as Edwards syndrome, is the second most common autosomal chromosome syndrome after Down syndrome. Trisomy 18 is a serious medical disorder due to the increased occurrence of structural defects, the high neonatal and infant mortality, and the disabilities observed in older children. Interventions, including cardiac surgery, remain controversial, and the traditional approach is to pursue pure comfort care. While the medical challenges have been well‐characterized, there are scant data on the parental views and perspective of the lived experience of rearing a child with trisomy 18. Knowledge of the parental viewpoints can help clinicians guide families through decision‐making. Our aim was to identify parents' perspectives by analyzing a series of narratives. In this qualitative study, we collected 46 parent narratives at the 2015 and 2016 conferences of the Support Organization for Trisomy 18 & 13 (SOFT). The participants were asked to “Tell us a story about your experience.” Inductive content analysis and close reading were used to identify themes from the stories. Dedoose, a web‐based application to analyze qualitative data, was used to code themes more systematically. Of the identified themes, the most common included Impact of trisomy 18 diagnosis and Surpassing expectations. Other themes included Support from professionals, A child, not a diagnosis, and Trust/lack of trust. We examined the voice and the perspectives of the parents in their challenges in caring for their children with this life‐limiting condition. The exploration of the themes can ideally guide clinicians in their approach to the counseling and care of the child in a shared decision‐making approach.
Overview of ADNI MRI
Authors: Jack Clifford R. , Arani Arvin , Borowski Bret J. , Cash Dave M. , Crawford Karen , Das Sandhitsu R. , DeCarli Charles , Fletcher Evan , Fox Nick C. , Gunter Jeffrey L. , Ittyerah Ranjit , Harvey Danielle J. , Jahanshad Neda , Maillard Pauline , Malone Ian B. , Nir Talia M. , Reid Robert I. , Reyes Denise A. , Schwarz Christopher G. , Senjem Matthew L. , Thomas David L. , Thompson Paul M. , Tosun Duygu , Yushkevich Paul A. , Ward Chadwick P. , Weiner Michael W. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: September 2024

The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Core has been operating since Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative's (ADNI) inception, providing 20 years of data including reliable, multi‐platform standardized protocols, carefully curated image data, and quantitative measures provided by expert investigators. The overarching purposes of the MRI Core include: (1) optimizing and standardizing MRI acquisition methods, which have been adopted by many multicenter studies and trials worldwide and (2) providing curated images and numeric summary values from relevant MRI sequences/contrasts to the scientific community. Over time, ADNI MRI has become increasingly complex. To remain technically current, the ADNI MRI protocol has changed substantially over the past two decades. The ADNI 4 protocol contains nine different imaging types (e.g., three dimensional [3D] T1‐weighted and fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery [FLAIR]). Our view is that the ADNI MRI data are a greatly underutilized resource. The purpose of this paper is to educate the scientific community on ADNI MRI methods and content to promote greater awareness, accessibility, and use.

Highlights

The MRI Core provides multi‐platform standardized protocols, carefully curated image data, and quantitative analysis by expert groups.

The ADNI MRI protocol has undergone major changes over the past two decades to remain technically current.

As of April 25, 2024, the following numbers of image series are available: 17,141 3D T1w; 6877 FLAIR; 3140 T2/PD; 6623 GRE; 3237 dMRI; 2846 ASL; 2968 TF‐fMRI; and 2861 HighResHippo (see Table 1 for abbreviations).

As of April 25, 2024, the following numbers of quantitative analyses are available: FreeSurfer 10,997; BSI 6120; tensor based morphometry (TBM) and TBM‐SYN 12,019; WMH 9944; dMRI 1913; ASL 925; TF‐fMRI NFQ 2992; and medial temporal subregion volumes 2726 (see Table 4 for abbreviations).

ADNI MRI is an underutilized resource that could be more useful to the research community.
Predicting CDR status over 36 months with a recall‐based digital cognitive biomarker
Authors: Bruno Davide , Jauregi‐Zinkunegi Ainara , Bock Jason R. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION

Word‐list recall tests are routinely used for cognitive assessment, and process scoring may improve their accuracy. We examined whether Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale–Cognitive subscale (ADAS‐Cog) derived, process‐based digital cognitive biomarkers (DCBs) at baseline predicted Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) longitudinally and compared them to standard metrics.

METHODS

Analyses were performed with Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data from 330 participants (mean age = 71.4 ± 7.2). We conducted regression analyses predicting CDR at 36 months, controlling for demographics and genetic risk, with ADAS‐Cog traditional scores and DCBs as predictors.

RESULTS

The best predictor of CDR at 36 months was M, a DCB reflecting recall ability (area under the curve = 0.84), outperforming traditional scores. Diagnostic results suggest that M may be particularly useful to identify individuals who are unlikely to decline.

DISCUSSION

These results suggest that M outperforms ADAS‐Cog traditional metrics and supports process scoring for word‐list recall tests. More research is needed to determine further applicability with other tests and populations.

Highlights

Process scoring and latent modeling were more effective than traditional scoring.

Latent recall ability (M) was the best predictor of Clinical Dementia Rating decline at 36 months.

The top digital cognitive biomarker model had odds ≈ 90 times greater than the top Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale–Cognitive subscale model.

Particularly high negative predictive value supports literature on cognitive testing as a useful screen.

Consideration of both cognitive and pathological outcomes is needed.
Direct reinfusion of pericardial blood complications: A case of acute respiratory distress syndrome and disseminated intravascular coagulation
Authors: Yasuda Takuto , Satoh Kasumi , Hirasawa Nobuhisa , Okuyama Manabu , Nakae Hajime
Published: September 2024

Background

Direct reinfusion of pericardial blood during cardiac surgery triggers a systemic inflammatory response. Although various inflammatory mediators have been identified as triggers, the role of damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) remains poorly understood. Despite guidelines recommending against this practice owing to its harmful effects, it is sometimes used in emergencies.

Case Presentation

A 72‐year‐old man with atrial fibrillation and cerebral infarction developed cardiac tamponade during catheter ablation. He underwent pericardial drainage and direct blood reinfusion. He was transferred to our ICU, where he developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Despite aggressive management, the patient died 41 days after admission.

Conclusion

This case highlights severe adverse events following direct reinfusion of pericardial blood. These findings suggest a significant role for DAMPs in mediating these inflammatory responses. Direct reinfusion of pericardial drainage blood should be avoided during emergencies to prevent life‐threatening complications.
Bioreactors: A Regenerative Approach to Skeletal Muscle Engineering for Repair and Replacement
Authors: Williamson Alysha , Khoshmanesh Khashayar , Pirogova Elena , Yang Peiqi , Snow Finn , Williams Richard , Quigley Anita , Kapsa Rob M. I.
Published: September 2024

Engineering skeletal muscle tissue is crucial for the repair and replacement of damaged or dysfunctional muscle. Despite numerous studies emphasizing the significance of skeletal muscle engineering, challenges persist in effectively replacing or repairing large muscle sections in vivo. Bioreactors that facilitate the rapid expansion of muscle precursor cells present a promising solution for addressing extensive muscle loss. Specifically, bioreactors that mimic the native microenvironment of muscle tissue can induce biomimetic stimuli, selectively promoting the expansion of muscle precursors with optimal myo‐regenerative potential. In this review, the advancements made in utilizing bioreactors to enhance the myo‐regenerative phenotype of cells for skeletal muscle engineering are highlighted.
Controlled Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Methyl Glycolide with Bifunctional Organocatalyst
Authors: Alagi Prakash , Nikam Shrikant B. , Gopalsamy Karuppasamy , Bashihab Lujain , Szekely Gyorgy , Hadjichristidis Nikos
Published: September 2024

A bifunctional thiourea‐amine‐based organocatalyst (Takemoto's catalyst), employing a metal‐free approach, is presented for the regioselective ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of optically active (D and L) methyl glycolide (MG). In this study, a chiral version of Takemoto's catalyst efficiently promotes the ROP of MG at room temperature, yielding poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acids) (PLGAs) with predicted molecular weights and narrow polydispersity indices (PDI≤1.2). These PLGAs exhibit highly alternating structures without transesterification, as confirmed by 1H NMR, SEC, and MALDI‐TOF analyses. Additionally, various macromolecular architectures, including linear and star‐shaped PLGAs, were successfully synthesized using the corresponding multi‐functional alcohol initiators while maintaining the same alternating structures and regioselectivity with PLGA obtained from benzyl alcohol as initiator. Computational studies were conducted to elucidate the mechanism of alternating PLGA formation, revealing two key transition states (TSs): TS‐1, which implicates the nucleophilic attack of the hydroxyl group of the initiator or propagating chain on the carbonyl carbon of MG, and TS‐2, which involves the subsequent ring‐opening of the cyclic ester. The results indicate that ring‐opening occurs at both the glycolyl and lactyl sites, with a preference for the glycolyl site, as supported by experimental results. The resulting atactic PLGAs are amorphous, rendering them suitable for drug delivery applications.
A Multiresponsive Ferrocene‐Based Chiral Overcrowded Alkene Twisting Liquid Crystals
Authors: Fellert Maximilian , Hein Robert , Ryabchun Alexander , Gisbert Yohan , Stindt Charlotte N. , Feringa Ben L.
Published: September 2024

The reversible modulation of chirality has gained significant attention not only for fundamental stereochemical studies but also for numerous applications ranging from liquid crystals (LCs) to molecular motors and machines. This requires the construction of switchable molecules with (multiple) chiral elements in a highly enantioselective manner, which is often a significant synthetic challenge. Here, we show that the dimerization of an easily accessible enantiopure planar chiral ferrocene‐indanone building block affords a multi‐stimuli‐responsive dimer (FcD) with pre‐determined double bond geometry, helical chirality, and relative orientation of the two ferrocene motifs in high yield. This intrinsically planar chiral switch can not only undergo thermal or photochemical E/Z isomerization but can also be reversibly and quantitatively oxidized to both a monocationic and a dicationic state which is associated with significant changes in its (chir)optical properties. Specifically, FcD acts as a chiral dopant for cholesteric LCs with a helical twisting power (HTP) of 13 μm−1 which, upon oxidation, drops to near zero, resulting in an unprecedently large redox‐tuning of the LC reflection color by up to 84 nm. Due to the straightforward stereoselective synthesis, FcD, and related chiral switches, are envisioned to be powerful building blocks for multi‐stimuli‐responsive molecular machines and in LC‐based materials.
Simultaneous Cycloadditions in the Solid State via Supramolecular Assembly
Authors: Juneja Navkiran , George Gary C. , Hutchins Kristin M.
Published: September 2024

Chemical reactions conducted in the solid phase (specifically, crystalline) are much less numerous than solution reactions, primarily due to reduced motion, flexibility, and reactivity. The main advantage of crystalline‐state transformations is that reactant molecules can be designed to self‐assemble into specific spatial arrangements, often leading to high control over product regiochemistry and/or stereochemistry. In crystalline‐phase transformations, typically only one type of reaction occurs, and a sacrificial template molecule is frequently used to facilitate self‐assembly, similar to a catalyst or enzyme. Here, we demonstrate the first system designed to undergo two chemically unique and orthogonal cycloaddition reactions simultaneously within a single crystalline solid. Well‐controlled supramolecular self‐assembly of two molecules containing different reactive moieties affords orthogonal reactivity without use of a sacrificial template. Using only UV light, the simultaneous [2+2] and [4+4] cycloadditions are achieved regiospecifically, stereospecifically, and products are obtained in high yield, whereas a simultaneous solution‐state reaction affords a mixture of isomers in low yield. Application of dually‐reactive systems toward (supra)molecular solar thermal storage materials is also discussed. This work demonstrates fundamental chemical approaches for orthogonal reactivity in the crystalline state and highlights the complexity and reversibility that can be achieved with supramolecular design.
In situ formation of PE‐EPR core‐shell rubber particles in polypropylene matrix by melt blending: Effect of PE chain structure and viscosity
Authors: Bao Wei , Gao Yunbao , Zhang Jianing , Jin Jing , Liu Baijun , Zhang Mingyao , Ji Xiangling , Jiang Wei
Published: September 2024

Twenty types of polyethylene (PE) including high density polyethylene (HDPE) and linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) with various viscosity were used to study the in‐situ formation of PE‐ ethylene propylene rubber (EPR) core‐shell rubber particles (CSRP) in polypropylene (PP) matrix by melt blending. The results show that PE and EPR cannot form CSRP if PE melt flow index (MFI) is lower than about 0.3 g/10 min. As a result, the impact fracture of PP/PE/EPR composite is brittle. If PE MFI is higher than 0.3 g/10 min, PE and EPR can form CSRP, leading to the ductile impact fracture of PP/PE/EPR composite. Interestingly, upper limit content of PE for the formation of CSRP depends on the type and viscosity of PE. For HDPE, upper limit content of PE tends to increase with the increase of its MFI, whereas it drops considerably for LLDPE. Understanding these relationships provides insights into optimizing the selection of core types and viscosity for enhancing the mechanical properties of polymer composites with core‐shell structure. This may potentially guide the development of cost‐effective and high‐performance polymer composites.
Comparative study on the characterization of chitosan mixed natural phenolic aldehyde edible films
Authors: Zhu Jianfei , Chen Xiaomei , Huang Tingting , Tian Dongling
Published: September 2024

In this study, the reaction of six natural phenolic aldehydes, namely, ethyl vanillin (EV), syringaldehyde (SA), vanillin (VA), isovanillin (ISA), 2‐hydroxy‐4‐methylbenzaldehyde (HDA), and p‐hydroxy benzaldehyde (PHDA), with chitosan produces Schiff bases of chitosan films. All the complex films were characterized through instrumental analysis. The findings suggested that the degrees of substitution of CS‐EV, CS‐SA, CS‐VA, CS‐ISA, CS‐HDA and CS‐PHDA were 73.48%, 42.22%, 58.04%, 51.52%, 40.89% and 45.23%, respectively. The results of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) analysis confirmed that natural phenolic aldehydes conjugated with chitosan through dynamic imine bonds. The tensile strength and water barrier properties of the films were significantly better than those of the chitosan film. Film thermal stability was altered as a result of the grafting of natural phenolic aldehydes on chitosan. According to the ABTS and DPPH data, the blended films showed better antioxidant packaging performance.
The effect of mesoporous bioglass on hemostatic, antibacterial and biocompatible properties of composite sponge
Authors: Wang Anping , Zou Yuhan , Du Wanqiu , Fang Qiuli , Zhang Zilong , Zhang Yin
Published: September 2024

Hemostatic materials used in penetrating injuries or incompressible wounds must possess exceptional efficacy in preventing bleeding. In this study, mesoporous bioglass (MBG) was synthesized using a two‐step acid‐catalyzed self‐assembly method, and a novel hemostatic sponge (MBG/CH/GEL) was prepared by combining chitosan (CH), gelatin (GEL), and MBG using a freeze‐drying method. The characteristics and hemostatic effects of the MBG/CH/GEL composite hemostatic sponge were analyzed and evaluated. Research has shown that the high specific surface area of MBG (730 m2/g) provides more blood cell adhesion sites during hemostasis, resulting in a low hemolysis rate, favorable swelling rate, and porosity of the hemostatic sponge. Additionally, MBG can release Si4+ and Ca2+ ions during hemostasis, giving the composite hemostatic sponge excellent cell compatibility and promoting cell growth. Compared with commercially available gelatin hemostatic sponges, it cannot only quickly stop bleeding but also has a greater compressive strength (212.07 kPa) and adhesion strength (11.54 ± 0.16 kPa), making it suitable for use in hemostasis of incompressible wounds. Furthermore, the composite hemostatic sponge exhibited significant antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. These results indicate that the MBG/CH/GEL composite hemostatic sponge, which is a hemostatic material, has promising applications.
Effect of lignin and TiO2 on the structure and properties of PLA composites: Combine of simulation analysis and experimental results
Authors: Liu Man , Song Tong , Wu Xuan , Li Qian , Wang Shiwei
Published: September 2024

In this paper, the foamed polylactic acid (PLA) composites with different ratios of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and lignin (Lg) are prepared. Molecular dynamics simulation analysis indicates that the fillers enhance the mechanical properties of the composites. The optimal foaming temperatures for PLA/Lg and PLA/TiO2 composites are found to be 110 and 100°C, respectively. The supercritical carbon dioxide foaming process is applied to get the foamed composites, and their mechanical and thermal properties are analyzed. The results show that the addition of TiO2 improves the melting point and compression properties of the PLA composites. Furthermore, the inclusion of Lg increases the molecular chain mobility, foaming multiplicity, and compression strength of the composite materials.
The researcher's guide to selecting biomarkers in mental health studies
Authors: Verhoeven Josine E. , Wolkowitz Owen M. , Barr Satz Isaac , Conklin Quinn , Lamers Femke , Lavebratt Catharina , Lin Jue , Lindqvist Daniel , Mayer Stefanie E. , Melas Philippe A. , Milaneschi Yuri , Picard Martin , Rampersaud Ryan , Rasgon Natalie , Ridout Kathryn , Söderberg Veibäck Gustav , Trumpff Caroline , Tyrka Audrey R. , Watson Kathleen , Wu Gwyneth Winnie Y. , Yang Ruoting , Zannas Anthony S. , Han Laura K. M. , Månsson Kristoffer N. T.
Published: September 2024

Clinical mental health researchers may understandably struggle with how to incorporate biological assessments in clinical research. The options are numerous and are described in a vast and complex body of literature. Here we provide guidelines to assist mental health researchers seeking to include biological measures in their studies. Apart from a focus on behavioral outcomes as measured via interviews or questionnaires, we advocate for a focus on biological pathways in clinical trials and epidemiological studies that may help clarify pathophysiology and mechanisms of action, delineate biological subgroups of participants, mediate treatment effects, and inform personalized treatment strategies. With this paper we aim to bridge the gap between clinical and biological mental health research by (1) discussing the clinical relevance, measurement reliability, and feasibility of relevant peripheral biomarkers; (2) addressing five types of biological tissues, namely blood, saliva, urine, stool and hair; and (3) providing information on how to control sources of measurement variability.
Rhabdomyolysis following colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection: A case report
Authors: Chen Ying , Zhang Wenxuan , Cai Junqiang , Zhong Min
Published: September 2024

Key Clinical Message

The occurrences of rhabdomyolysis after endoscopic submucosal dissection surgery were rarely reported. This is a case involving rhabdomyolysis affecting the muscles of the left buttocks and left hip following a prolonged endoscopic submucosal surgery.
Steel solutions for a sustainable bridge infrastructure of today and tomorrow
Authors: Tibolt Mike , Ochojski Wojciech
Published: September 2024

Responsible for 70% of the global CO2 emissions, infrastructure has a significant impact on our climate and the related consequences. Bridges are a major keystone of the infrastructure and take a leading position in its decarbonization. In this framework, low‐carbon emission steels play an important role. Low‐carbon emission steels, like ArcelorMittal's XCarb® recycled and renewably produced steels, are already available on the market. Combining scrap and renewable electricity, it offers very low levels of CO2 emissions per ton of finished steel. The present paper describes how different steel solutions can be combined to lower the material input, to simplify the construction process and to reduce the maintenance efforts in bridge construction. The impact of efficient design has been assessed by a Life‐Cycle Assessment (LCA) for bridge solutions with small and medium spans of up to 40 m. The paper concludes with a summary of recently realized bridge projects in Poland.
The new bridge “Lahnsteg Nauheim”, Wetzlar: slender, elegant, parametrically designed
Authors: Gatsko Roman , Méndez Milton
Published: September 2024

This paper outlines the planning of a bridge in central Germany. Scheduled for construction in mid‐2024, this new bridge is a replacement for a century‐old pedestrian bridge crossing the Lahn river.

The proposed bridge will be an airtight‐welded arch bridge, employing steel cross‐sections in both the arch and tension member. Designed as a single‐span, the arches extend 48.0m over the Lahn. The two arches have a flat rise of 4.65m, supporting the roadway through 9 inclined flat steel hangers.

This paper delves into the structural engineering aspects, exploring challenges inherent in the design process. An examination of the parametric design process, facilitated through 3‐D modeling in Rhino® and Grasshopper®, will be presented, along with insights into their interface with the finite element modeling software, RFEM®. This process enables an engineering approach to form‐finding and structure optimisation through iterative design checks for various elements and stages of the structural analysis.
Parametric analysis of innovative corrugated profile of soil‐steel composite bridge
Authors: Bareikis Nerijus
Published: September 2024

Composite soil‐steel corrugated structures are well recognized and widely used for construction of culverts and pedestrian or animal crossings. Moreover, for the past decade corrugated soil‐steel structures because of their large span are also recognized and chosen for bridges and tunnels engineering. Record holder composite corrugated structure of 32.40 m span encourages new research in the development of innovations. This paper investigates innovative the deepest corrugation cross‐section strengthened with circular hollow section steel pipes influence on plate utilization of large span soil‐steel composite bridge. The numerical 2D model of 17.5 m span structure was developed for investigation. Parametric analysis indicated that introduction of circular pipes will reduce corrugated profile steel thickness because of reduction of buckling length of straight region of corrugation. Moreover, 3D numerical analysis of buckling shapes allowed to conclude that local buckling of the deepest corrugation of 500 × 237 mm could be controlled strengthening the plates with circular steel pipes.
Pedestrian bridge over the River Elbe in Hradec Králové
Authors: Harazim Petr , Vráblík Lukáš , Kábrt Libor , Elichová Gabriela , Elich Martin , Stržínek Viktor , Navarová Lucie , Keclík Jiří
Published: September 2024

This contribution describes the architectural and structural solutions of a unique pedestrian footbridge in Hradec Králové. The new significant construction was built over the Elbe River in the pedestrian area. The bridge design was challenging for architects, planners even though contractors, especially due to accounting for the influence of shipping traffic. Completed structure has two asymmetrical spans, whereas the main span across the river is 69 m long. In the final static scheme, the structure forms a virtual Vierendeel truss of variable height. A slender UHPFRC bridge deck supported by a pair of cables through thin steel crossbars creates a delightful bridge, which has become a new symbol of the city.
Shui Su Ravine Bridge Design and its Steel Joint Fatigue Performance Evaluation
Authors: Xiong Zhihua , Yang Xin , Liu Xuyao , Li Jiaqi
Published: September 2024

Shui Su Ravine Bridge is built in Bai Shui County in Shaanxi Province, which is a part of the highway linking Heyang and Tongchuan. The bridge has been designed as a composite steel‐concrete truss bridge with 3 spans in total of 240 meters and a deck of 4 lanes. To meet the harsh environmental demand and lessen the future maintenance, the solution adopts the weathering steel Q420qENH similar strength as S420NL in European code. The bridge is erected by incremental launching and post‐installation of the pre‐cast concrete slab. Since the truss segment is all welded, two‐step models have been developed to evaluate the fatigue performance of the steel truss joint. In the simplified two‐dimensional model, Phase‐Field (PF) approach has been implemented to make a full fatigue evaluation of crack propagation in the truss.
Reliability‐based Allowances of Corrosion Losses for Weathering Steel Bridges
Authors: Sykora Miroslav , Kreislova Katerina , Markova Jana
Published: September 2024

Low demands on maintenance and 100% recyclability cause the growing popularity of weathering steel bridges worldwide. Recent experimental results made it possible to derive generic probabilistic models describing long‐term corrosion losses for various types of weathering steels and exposures. In the contribution, these probabilistic models are applied in reliability assessment. For representative structural members and failure modes, the material allowances for the loss of thickness are derived to achieve a specified target reliability in exposures corresponding to Corrosivity Categories C2 and C3. Numerical analysis reveals that the allowances recommended by the ECCS guideline are generally conservative. For larger sections exposed in C2, a “no allowance” strategy might even be considered. For C3, design allowance of about 0.5‐0.6 mm is then determined by the probabilistic approach.
INCREASING FATIGUE LIFE OF NEW WELDED AND REPAIRED JOINTS BY HFMI TREATMENT
Authors: Štěpán Jakub , Ryjáček Pavel
Published: September 2024

There is a growing number of welded steel bridges in the world that are reaching the end of their design life. Repair of fatigue damage (cracks) or replacement with new modern designs is becoming an increasing issue. Fatigue damage is now one of the main design and construction risks associated with the construction of new dynamically stressed steel structures. Fatigue damage is now one of the main design and engineering risks associated with the construction of new dynamically stressed steel structures. Increasing fatigue life can be achieved by HFMI treatment that can be applied to new weld as well as existing welded joints. This paper presents the results of experiments focused on HFMI treatment to new and repaired butt welds of higher thicknesses.
Peanut response to single and sequential applications of prohexadione calcium
Authors: Jordan David L. , Johnson P. Dewayne , Hare Andrew , Foote Ethan , Wells Randy , Balota Maria , Barrow Billy , Grimes Lance , Ellison Craig , King Della , Parker Zachary , Brake Michael , Deal Stephen , Stevens Brian , Corbett Tommy , Lanier Ivy , Ransom Lloyd
Published: September 2024

Plain Language Summary

Excessive vine growth can reduce the ability to dig peanut pods and invert peanut vines in an efficient manner. Prohexadione calcium applied when 50% of vines from adjacent rows are touching can minimize vine growth, reduce pod loss, and in some cases increase peanut yield. Research is often conducted in relatively small plots (harvesting two rows with a 91‐inch spacing by 30‐ft length) or in larger plots (harvesting at least 0.05 acres) to determine efficacy of this plant growth regulator. When treatments were compared in small plots, yield in 15 experiments did not differ when one or two applications were made including a non‐treated control. However, in nine experiments with large plots, pod yield increased when one or two sprays of prohexadione calcium were made compared with non‐treated peanut. Results from these experiments indicate that measuring a response to prohexadione calcium may depend on plot size, with larger plots demonstrating positive benefits.
Zuverlässig trocknen
Authors: Schlachter Petra
Published: September 2024

Bei diversen pharmazeutischen Herstellungsprozessen geht es irgendwann um Trocknung. Das kann die Entfeuchtung von Wirkstoffen sein oder die Entfernung von Haftwasser an Oberflächen. Funktioniert diese nicht oder nicht reibungslos, bringt sie den kompletten Ablauf ins Stocken. Und natürlich spielt das Thema Abluft bei vielen Herstellern eine ebenso große Rolle. Beispiele aus der Praxis zeigen, wie eine abluftfreie Technologie hochwertige Ergebnisse erzielt und zugleich Energiekosten senkt.
High‐risks drug adverse events associated with Cetirizine and Loratadine for the treatment of allergic diseases: A retrospective pharmacovigilance study based on the FDA adverse event reporting system database
Authors: Kong Weili , Dong Yijun , Yi Sixi , Mo Wei , Yang Hui
Published: September 2024

Background

Cetirizine and Loratadine are the two best‐selling second‐generation antihistamines for allergic diseases. This study aims to provide a comparative analysis of the differences in adverse drug events (ADEs) between these two medications, which can assist clinicians in making appropriate treatment decisions.

Methods

ADE reports related to Cetirizine and Loratadine obtained from the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) database were analyzed using disproportionality analysis and Bayesian analysis to evaluate and compare the ADE signals of both drugs.

Results

A total of 28,051 and 28,073 ADE reports were retrieved from the FAERS database related to Cetirizine and Loratadine, respectively, with both drugs showing a predominance of middle‐aged females. Specifically, Loratadine was associated with respiratory symptoms, mainly nasal symptoms such as rhinorrhea (n = 326, ROR 6.75), sneezing (n = 251, ROR 15.24), and nasal congestion (n = 185, ROR 4.25), while Cetirizine did not show this association. Notably, both drugs exhibited strong signals for somnolence in the nervous and psychiatric systems, especially Cetirizine (Cetirizine, n = 2556, ROR 10.52 vs. Loratadine, n = 1200, ROR 7.76). Additionally, Cetirizine itself showed strong signals for attention disturbance (n = 233, ROR 3.3), while Loratadine was associated with nervousness (n = 145, ROR 3.3). Further exploration revealed more severe adverse reactions closely associated with Cetirizine, including hallucinations, aggression, and abnormal behavior. Importantly, Cetirizine was significantly associated with the occurrence of pericarditis (n = 138, ROR 8.13), potentially leading to serious adverse consequences.

Conclusion

Compared to Loratadine, Cetirizine poses a greater potential risk in the nervous and psychiatric systems. Additionally, this study reveals previously underestimated potential cardiac toxicity of Cetirizine; albeit at a relatively low incidence rate, the high signal intensity warrants further attention and exploration. These findings highlight the need for enhanced patient monitoring and therapy optimization when prescribing these medications, ensuring better management of allergic diseases while minimizing risks.
Structural Basis for Inhibition of the SARS‐CoV‐2 nsp16 by Substrate‐Based Dual Site Inhibitors
Authors: Kalnins Gints , Rudusa Laura , Bula Anna L. , Zelencova‐Gopejenko Diana , Bobileva Olga , Sisovs Mihails , Tars Kaspars , Jirgensons Aigars , Jaudzems Kristaps , Bobrovs Raitis
Published: September 2024

Coronaviruses, including SARS‐CoV‐2, possess an mRNA 5′ capping apparatus capable of mimicking the natural eukaryotic capping signature. Two SAM‐dependent methylating enzymes play important roles in this process: nsp14 methylates the N7 of the guanosine cap, and nsp16‐nsp10 methylates the 2′‐O‐ of subsequent nucleotides of viral mRNA. The 2′‐O‐methylation performed by nsp16‐nsp10 is crucial for the escape of the viral RNA from innate immunity. Inhibition of this enzymatic activity has been proposed as a way to combat coronaviruses. In this study, we employed X‐ray crystallography to analyze the binding of the SAM analogues to the active site of nsp16‐nsp10. We obtained eleven 3D crystal structures of the nsp16‐nsp10 complexes with SAM‐derived inhibitors, demonstrated different conformations of the methionine substituting part of the molecules, and confirmed that simultaneous dual‐site targeting of both SAM and RNA sites correlates with higher inhibitory potential.
Cytologic diagnosis of papillary renal neoplasm with reverse polarity
Authors: Wu Sarah J. , Renshaw Andrew A. , Sadow Peter M. , Mahadevan Navin R. , Hirsch Michelle S. , Manoharan Murugesan , Cibas Edmund S.
Published: September 2024

Background

Papillary renal neoplasm with reverse polarity is a recently recognized low‐grade neoplasm with a favorable prognosis. To date, its cytologic features have not been well documented.

Methods

Two patients with papillary renal neoplasm with reverse polarity sampled by fine needle aspiration and core needle biopsy are described, one of whom is under active surveillance without clinical progression and the other is alive and well 16 years after partial nephrectomy.

Results

The cytologic features included a mix of papillae and dispersed cells with abundant oncocytic cytoplasm and round, bland nuclei apically displaced away from the papillary core. Immunohistochemistry showed positive staining for GATA3 in both cases. Molecular studies on one of the cases showed a KRAS p.G12V mutation.

Conclusions

The cytologic features of this distinctive, indolent neoplasm are important to recognize because patients with papillary renal neoplasm with reverse polarity may be excellent candidates for partial nephrectomy or even active surveillance.
The responses of weed communities to field nutrients and their ecological benefits in rice fields: A review
Authors: Jiang Min , Guo Kefan , Chen Zhang , Wang Jiaqi , Huang Lifen , Shen Xinping
Published: September 2024

While traditionally perceived as yield‐reducing elements in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation, weed communities in paddy fields play a crucial role in the ecosystem. These communities, when selectively retained, can significantly enhance ecosystem services. This review examines the impact of various weed communities on rice in different paddy fields, their response to field nutrients, and the ecological benefits they offer. These benefits include nitrogen retention, promotion of microbial diversity, and reduction of diseases, pests, and weed proliferation. Examples of such benefits are seen in weeds like Lemna minor L. and Azolla imbricata (Roxb.) Nakai, which help in nitrogen fixation and act as biocontrol agents against harmful pests. However, current research in this area faces challenges, including the lack of intelligent and precise weed control technologies, comprehensive green control strategies, and expertise in weed management. Our findings suggest a strategic approach to weed control in paddy fields, emphasizing the importance of preserving weed species that have minimal impact on rice yields but offer significant ecological advantages. These practices can lead to grass‐mediated weed control and enhanced nutrient absorption, thereby reducing fertilizer loss. Ultimately, this approach could reduce the reliance on chemical fertilizers and herbicides in paddy fields, laying the groundwork for greener rice cultivation and sustainable agricultural practices.
Mapping of quantitative trait loci associated with resistance to bruchids (Callosobruchus maculatus) in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)
Authors: Unzimai Innocent Vulou , Karungi Jeninah , Edema Richard , Gibson Paul , Badji Arfang , Adjei Emmanuel Amponsah , Ozimati Alfred Adebo , Tambwe Masudi Fiston , Dramadri Isaac Onziga
Published: September 2024

Cowpea bruchid (Callosobruchus maculatus) is a major storage insect pest that reduces cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) yield and seed quality, making it unsafe for consumption. This study seeks to identify and map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with resistance to cowpea bruchids. A total of 120 F2 lines from a cross between MU9 (susceptible) and WC42 (resistant) were genotyped with 2753 single nucleotide polymorphism markers. The F2:3 seeds were screened for resistance to cowpea bruchids using a no‐choice experiment. Significant differences were observed among the F2:3 lines for bruchid‐resistance traits, except on oviposition. The Dobie susceptibility index scale grouped the F2:3 lines from moderately resistant to highly susceptible, hence no highly resistant line was identified in this study. Ten QTL for resistance to bruchids were identified on chromosomes Vu02, Vu03, Vu04, Vu06, Vu08, Vu09, and Vu11. Two major QTLs were identified and mapped: on Vu06 for median development period (MDP6.1MW, R2 = 25.9%) and a co‐localized QTL region on Vu09 for number of adult bruchid emergence (NEI9.1MW, R2 = 28.6%), number of eggs per 10 seeds (NE9.1MW, R2 = 18.8%), average number of exit holes on seeds (ANH9.1MW, R2 = 19.6%), and seed weight (R2 = 15.6%–16.3%), respectively. Therefore, markers linked to the QTL identified in this study including MDP6.1MW, NEI9.1MW, and ANH9.1MW can be validated for marker‐assisted selection to fasten breeding for resistance to bruchid in cowpea.
U‐shaped relationships between corporate carbon performance and cost of debt: Evidence of China
Authors: Wang Hua , Chang Haodong , Wu Kun‐Shan
Published: September 2024

The increasing environmental pressures and sustainability targets have necessitated organizations to actively adopting carbon‐efficiency practices, thereby, emphasize key stakeholders' increasing awareness of the decarbonization projects in their decision‐making. This paper seeks insights into whether and how corporate carbon performance (CCP) initiatives affect cost of debt (COD). Using a sample of publicly listed firms in China that disclosed carbon emissions from 2018 to 2022, this research verifies the U‐shaped CCP–COD relationship. Furthermore, information asymmetric moderates the U‐shaped CCP–COD relationship, with lower information asymmetric flattening the shape of the U‐shaped curve. Overall, the existence of a non‐linear pattern reconciles the extant inconsistent evidence that suggests either a positive or a negative CCP–COD linkage. This research provides comprehensive evidence that CCP implementations, while motived by ethical intention, can have a double‐edged effect. These findings are pertinent to corporate stakeholders and governmental policymakers concerning the consequences of carbon‐related activities of their organizations.