bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combined and differential roles of ADD domains of DNMT3A and DNMT3L on DNA methylation landscapes in mouse germ cells
Authors: Kubo Naoki , Uehara Ryuji , Uemura Shuhei , Ohishi Hiroaki , Shirane Kenjiro , Sasaki Hiroyuki
Published: September 2023

DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) and its catalytically inactive cofactor DNA methyltransferase 3-Like (DNMT3L) proteins form functional heterotetramers to deposit DNA methylation in mammalian germ cells. While both proteins have an ATRX-DNMT3-DNMT3L (ADD) domain that recognizes histone H3 tail unmethylated at lysine-4 (H3K4me0), the combined and differential roles of the domains in the two proteins have not been fully definedin vivo. Here we investigate DNA methylation landscapes in female and male germ cells derived from mice with loss-of-function amino acid substitutions in the ADD domains of DNMT3A and/or DNMT3L. Mutations in either the DNMT3A-ADD or the DNMT3L-ADD domain moderately decreases global CG methylation levels, but to different degrees, in both germ cells. Furthermore, when the ADD domains of both DNMT3A and DNMT3L lose their functions, the CG methylation levels are much more reduced, especially in oocytes, comparable to the impact of theDnmt3a/3Lknockout. In contrast, aberrant accumulation of non-CG methylation occurs at thousands of genomic regions in the double mutant oocytes and spermatozoa. These results highlight the critical role of the ADD-H3K4me0 binding in proper CG and non-CG methylation in germ cells and the various impacts of the ADD domains of the two proteins.
Oxidized LDL regulates efferocytosis through the CD36-PKM2-mtROS pathway
Authors: Zhang Jue , Chang Jackie , Chen Vaya , Beg Mirza Ahmar , Huang Wenxin , Vick Lance , Wang Yaxin , Zhang Heng , Yttre Erin , Gupta Ankan , Castleberry Mark , Zhang Ziyu , Dai Wen , Song Shan , Zhu Jieqing , Yang Moua , Brown Ashley Kaye , Xu Zhen , Ma Yan-Qing , Smith Brian C. , Zielonka Jacek , Traylor James G. , Dhaou Cyrine Ben , Orr A Wayne , Cui Weiguo , Zheng Ze , Chen Yiliang
Published: September 2023

Macrophage efferocytosis, the process by which phagocytes engulf and remove apoptotic cells (ACs), plays a critical role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Efficient efferocytosis prevents secondary necrosis, mitigates chronic inflammation, and impedes atherosclerosis progression. However, the regulatory mechanisms of efferocytosis under atherogenic conditions remain poorly understood. We previously demonstrated that oxidized LDL (oxLDL), an atherogenic lipoprotein, induces mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) in macrophages via CD36. In this study, we demonstrate that macrophage mtROS facilitate continual efferocytosis through a positive feedback mechanism. However, oxLDL disrupts continual efferocytosis by dysregulating the internalization of ACs. This disruption is mediated by an overproduction of mtROS. Mechanistically, oxLDL/CD36 signaling promotes the translocation of cytosolic PKM2 to mitochondria, facilitated by the chaperone GRP75. Mitochondrial PKM2 then binds to Complex III of the electron transport chain, inducing mtROS production. This study elucidates a novel regulatory mechanism of efferocytosis in atherosclerosis, providing potential therapeutic targets for intervention.

Macrophages clear apoptotic cells through a process called efferocytosis, which involves mitochondrial ROS. However, the atherogenic oxidized LDL overstimulates mitochondrial ROS via the CD36-PKM2 pathway, disrupting continual efferocytosis. This finding elucidates a novel molecular mechanism that explains defects in efferocytosis, driving atherosclerosis progression.
Colonization of larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) with adherent-invasiveEscherichia coliprevents recovery of the intestinal mucosa from drug-induced colitis
Authors: Flores Erika , Dutta Soumita , Bosserman Rachel , van Hoof Ambro , Krachler Anne-Marie
Published: September 2023

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a broad term for a range of chronic intestinal disorders, including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. The global prevalence of IBD is rising, with over one million patients affected in the US alone. Adherent-invasiveE. coli(AIEC) is a pathobiont frequently found in IBD biopsies. AIEC adhere to and invade epithelial cells, and can survive inside phagocytesin vitro. However, how AIEC contribute to IBDin vivoremains unclear. Here, we established a larval zevbrafish (Danio rerio) model to study the interplay between pre-existing intestinal inflammation and AIEC colonization of the gut. We used the pro-inflammatory drug dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to induce colitis. This was followed by food-borne infection of larvae with AIEC using the protozoanParamecium caudatum, a natural prey, as a vehicle.

We show that AIEC more robustly colonizes the zebrafish gut, and persists for longer, compared to non-pathogenicE. coli. In addition, DSS induced colitis increases both bacterial burden and persistence in the larval gut. We benchmark our model against existing rodent models using two mutants deficient in the known AIEC virulence factors FimH and IbeA, which have virulence defects in both rodent and the larval zebrafish model. Finally, we show that AIEC colonization exacerbates DSS induced colitis and prevents recovery from inflammation. In conclusion, we established a high-throughput, genetically tractable model to study AIEC–host interactions in the context of chronic inflammation.

IMPORTANCE

Although inflammatory bowel diseases are on the rise, a lot remains to be learned about the link between IBD severity and the underlying cause. Although host genetics, microbiome, and environmental factors have all been shown to correlate with the development of IBD, cause and effect are difficult to disentangle in this context. For example, AIEC is a known pathobiont found in IBD patients, but it remains unclear if gut inflammation during IBD facilitates colonization with AIEC, or if AIEC colonization makes the host more susceptible towards pro-inflammatory stimuli. To develop successful therapeutics, it is critical to understand the mechanisms that contribute to AIEC infections in a susceptible host. Here, we show that the larval zebrafish model recapitulates key features of AIEC infections in other animal models, and can be utilized to address these gaps in knowledge.
The RU486-dependent activation of the GeneSwitch system in adult muscles leads to severe adverse effects in Drosophila
Authors: Zappia Maria Paula , Damschroder Deena , Westacott Anton , Wessells Robert J. , Frolov Maxim V.
Published: September 2023

Robust genetic systems to control the expression of transgenes in a spatial and temporal manner are a valuable asset for researchers. The GeneSwitch system induced by the drug RU486 has gained widespread use in the Drosophila community. However, some concerns were raised as negative effects were seen depending on the stock, transgene, stage and tissue under study. Here, we characterized the adverse effects triggered by activating the GeneSwitch system in adult muscles using theMHC-GS-GAL4driver. When a control, mockUAS-RNAitransgene was induced by feeding adult flies with RU486, we found that the overall muscle structure, including myofibrils and mitochondrial shape, was significantly disrupted and led to a significant reduction in the lifespan. Remarkably, lifespan was even shorter when two copies of the driver were used even without the mockUAS-RNAitransgene. Thus, researchers should be cautious when interpreting the results given the adverse effects we found when inducing RU486-dependentMHC-GS-GAL4in adult muscles. To counter the impact of these effects we recommend setting up additional control groups, such as a mock UAS-RNAi transgene, to validate the findings when using this inducible genetic system, as comparing the phenotypes between RU486-treated and untreated animals could be insufficient.
Endogenous Opioid Signaling Regulates Proliferation of Spinal Cord Ependymal Cells
Authors: Yue Wendy W.S. , Touhara Kouki K. , Toma Kenichi , Duan Xin , Julius David
Published: September 2023

After injury, mammalian spinal cords develop scars to seal off the damaged area and prevent further injury. However, excessive scarring can hinder neural regeneration and functional recovery (1, 2). These competing actions underscore the importance of developing therapeutic strategies to dynamically modulate the extent of scar formation. Previous research on scar formation has primarily focused on the role of astrocytes, but recent evidence suggests that ependymal cells also participate. Ependymal cells normally form the epithelial layer encasing the central canal, but they undergo massive proliferation and differentiation into astroglia following certain types of injury, becoming a core component of scars (3–7). However, the mechanisms regulating ependymal proliferationin vivoin both healthy and injured conditions remain unclear. Here, we uncover an intercellular kappa (κ) opioid signaling pathway that controls endogenous ependymal proliferation. Specifically, we detect expression of the κ opioid receptor, OPRK1, in a functionally under-characterized cell type called cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons (CSF-cNs). We also discover a neighboring cell population that express the cognate ligand, prodynorphin (PDYN). Importantly, OPRK1 activation excites CSF-cNs, and systemic administration of a κ antagonist enhances ependymal proliferation in uninjured spinal cords in a CSF-cN-dependent manner. Moreover, injecting a κ agonist reduces the proliferation induced by dorsal hemisection. Altogether, our data suggest a regulatory mechanism whereby PDYN+cells tonically release κ opioids to stimulate CSF-cNs, which in turn suppress ependymal proliferation. This endogenous pathway provides a mechanistic basis for the potential use of κ opiates in modulating scar formation and treating spinal cord injuries.
Analysis of citation dynamics reveals that you do not receive enough recognition for your influential science
Authors: Arabi Salsabil , Ni Chaoqun , Hutchins B. Ian
Published: September 2023

During career advancement and funding allocation decisions in biomedicine, reviewers have traditionally depended on journal-level measures of scientific influence like the impact factor. Prestigious journals are thought to pursue a reputation of exclusivity by rejecting large quantities of papers, many of which may be meritorious. It is possible that this process could create a system whereby some influential articles are prospectively identified and recognized by journal brands but most influential articles are overlooked. Here, we measure the degree to which journal prestige hierarchies capture or overlook influential science. We quantify the fraction of scientists’ articles that would receive recognition because (a) they are published in journals above a chosen impact factor threshold, or (b) they are at least as well-cited as articles appearing in such journals. We find that the number of papers cited as frequently as those published in high impact factor journals vastly exceeds the number of papers these prestigious journals publish. At the investigator level, this phenomenon extends across gender, racial, and career stage groupings of scientists. We also find that approximately half of researchers never publish in a venue with an impact factor above 15, which under journal-level evaluation regimes may exclude them from consideration for opportunities. Many of these researchers publish equally influential work, however, raising the possibility that the traditionally chosen journal-level measures that are routinely considered under decision-making norms, policy, or law, may recognize as little as 10-20% of the work that warrants recognition.
A Quantitative Genetic Model of Background Selection in Humans
Authors: Buffalo Vince , Kern Andrew D.
Published: September 2023

Across the human genome, there are large-scale fluctuations in genetic diversity caused by the indirect effects of selection. This “linked selection signal” reflects the impact of selection according to the physical placement of functional regions and recombination rates along chromosomes. Previous work has shown that purifying selection acting against the steady influx of new deleterious mutations at functional portions of the genome shapes patterns of genomic variation. To date, statistical efforts to estimate purifying selection parameters from linked selection models have relied on classic Background Selection theory, which is only applicable when new mutations are so deleterious that they cannot fix in the population. Here, we develop a statistical method based on a quantitative genetics view of linked selection, that models how polygenic additive fitness variance distributed along the genome increases the rate of stochastic allele frequency change. By jointly predicting the equilibrium fitness variance and substitution rate due to both strong and weakly deleterious mutations, we estimate the distribution of fitness effects (DFE) and mutation rate across three geographically distinct human samples. While our model can accommodate weaker selection, we find evidence of strong selection operating similarly across all human samples. Although our quantitative genetic model of linked selection fits better than previous models, substitution rates of the most constrained sites disagree with observed divergence levels. We find that a model incorporating selective interference better predicts observed divergence in conserved regions, but overall our results suggest uncertainty remains about the processes generating fitness variation in humans.
A tale of caution: How endogenous viral elements affect virus discovery in transcriptomic data
Authors: Brait Nadja , Hackl Thomas , Morel Côme , Exbrayat Antoni , Gutierrez Serafín , Lequime Sebastian
Published: September 2023

Large-scale metagenomic and -transcriptomic studies have revolutionized our understanding of viral diversity and abundance. In contrast, endogenous viral elements (EVEs), remnants of viral sequences integrated into host genomes, have received limited attention in the context of virus discovery, especially in RNA-Seq data. EVEs resemble their original viruses, a challenge that makes distinguishing between active infections and integrated remnants difficult, affecting virus classification and biases downstream analyses. Here, we systematically assess the effects of EVEs on a prototypical virus discovery pipeline, evaluate their impact on data integrity and classification accuracy, and provide some recommendations for better practices.

We examined EVEs and exogenous viral sequences linked to Orthomyxoviridae, a diverse family of negative-sense segmented RNA viruses, in 13 genomic and 538 transcriptomic datasets of Culicinae mosquitoes. Our analysis revealed a substantial number of viral sequences in transcriptomic datasets. However, a significant portion appeared not to be exogenous viruses but transcripts derived from EVEs. Distinguishing between transcribed EVEs or exogenous virus sequences was especially difficult in samples with low viral abundance. For example, three transcribed EVEs showed full-length segments, devoid of frameshift and nonsense mutations, exhibiting sufficient mean read depths that qualify them as exogenous virus hits. Mapping reads on a host genome containing EVEs before assembly somewhat alleviated the EVE burden, but it led to a drastic reduction of viral hits and reduced quality of assemblies, especially in regions of the viral genome relatively similar to EVEs.

Our study highlights that our knowledge of the genetic diversity of viruses can be altered by the underestimated presence of EVEs in transcriptomic datasets, leading to false positives and altered or missing sequence information. Thus, recognizing and addressing the influence of EVEs in virus discovery pipelines will be key to enhancing our ability to capture the full spectrum of viral diversity.
Equine herpesvirus 4 infected domestic horses associated with Sintashta spoke-wheeled chariots around 4,000 years ago
Authors: Lebrasseur Ophélie , More Kuldeep Dilip , Orlando Ludovic
Published: September 2023

Equine viral outbreaks have disrupted the socio-economic life of past human societies up until the late 19th century, and continue to be of major concern to the horse industry today. With a seroprevalence of 60-80%, equine herpesvirus 4 (EHV-4) is the most common horse pathogen on the planet. Yet, its evolutionary history remains understudied. Here, we screen the sequenced data of 264 archaeological horse remains to detect the presence of EHV-4. We recover the first ancient EHV-4 genome with 4.2X average depth-of-coverage from a specimen excavated in the Southeastern Urals and dated to the Early Bronze Age period, approximately 3,900 years ago. The recovery of an EHV-4 virus outside of the upper respiratory tract not only points to an animal particularly infected, but also highlights the importance of post-cranial bones in pathogen characterisation. Bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction provides a minimal time estimate for EHV-4 diversification to around 4,000 years ago, a time when modern domestic horses spread across the Central Asian steppes together with spoke-wheeled Sintashta chariots, or earlier. The analyses also considerably revise the diversification time of the two EHV-4 subclades from the 16th century based solely on modern data to nearly a thousand years ago. Our study paves the way for a robust reconstruction of the history of non-human pathogens and their impact on animal health.
Do gender, age and tenure matter when behaving unethically for organizations: Meta-analytic review on organizational identity and unethical pro-organizational behavior
Authors: Dadaboyev Sherzodbek Murodilla Ugli , Paek Soyon , Choi Sungwon
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This research aims to clarify the relationship between organizational identification and employees’ unethical pro-organizational behavior, which has been a topic of mixed findings in previous empirical studies. To address this issue, a meta-analytic review was conducted, focusing on the influence of key individual differences such as gender, age and organizational tenure on the relationship between organizational identification and unethical pro-organizational behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

The study utilizes large scholarly databases including Google Scholar, PsycINFO, Business Source Premier and ProQuest Dissertations to identify relevant studies. A total of 31 independent samples with a combined sample size of 8,861 participants were included in the analysis.

Findings

The results showed that the estimated average correlation between organizational identification and unethical pro-organizational behavior after corrected for measurement unreliability was 0.188 (p < 0.001, 95% [CI: 0.125, 0.251]). Gender demonstrated a significant moderating effect (estimate = 0.004, p < 0.05, 95% [CI: 0.000, 0.007]), suggesting that there is stronger association between organizational identification and unethical pro-organizational behavior among male participants. Neither age nor organizational tenure had significant effect on organizational identification-unethical pro-organizational behavior relations.

Originality/value

This study revealed that the organizational identification-unethical pro-organizational behavior link was positive, and the relationship was stronger among male participants than their female counterparts. Age and organizational tenure show no significant impact on unethical pro-organizational behavior. These contribute to The authors' understanding of organizational identification-unethical pro-organizational behavior relationship, as well as identifying its boundary conditions. The study suggests directions for future research and implications for managers and practitioners.
Impact of family supportive leadership on taking charge behaviour: resource-gain-development framework perspective
Authors: Jin Shan , Fu Xiaoxia , Yan Yanling
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Based on the resource-gain-development framework, this study aims to explore the mediating mechanism of work–family enrichment (WFE) and psychological distress, and the potential positive effect of co-worker support, on employees’ work behaviour.

Design/methodology/approach

Data was obtained via a three-stage survey with 400 frontline employees from 13 distinct industries.

Findings

This study found that family-supportive leadership (FSL) has a positive impact on employees’ taking charge behaviour (TCB). WFE and psychological distress partially mediated the effect of FSL on TCB and WFE and psychological distress played a serial mediating role between FSL and TCB. Co-worker support positively moderated the relationship between FSL and WFE, TCB and psychological distress.

Research limitations/implications

Managers should consider the problems and difficulties that employees may encounter in completing their work tasks and performance and minimise the interference of non-work factors on employees’ work status. Organisations should also facilitate diversity training for managers to respond to employees’ work and life problems and display family support behaviour.

Originality/value

This study confirmed the role of FSL in WFE, psychological distress and TCB. The results can provide guidance for managers to motivate employees’ TCB.
Sequential calibration of transmission ratios for joints of 6-DOF serial industrial robots based on laser tracker
Authors: Wang Ling , Wu Xiaoliang , Kang Zeng , Gao Yanfeng , Chen Xiai , Wang Binrui
Published: September 2023

Purpose

In traditional calibration methods of kinematics parameters of industrial robots, dozens of model parameters are identified together based on an optimization procedure. Due to different contributions of model parameter errors to the tool center point positioning error of industrial robots, obtaining good results for all model parameters is very difficult. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to propose a sequential calibration method specifically for transmission ratio parameters, which includes reduction ratios and coupling ratios of industrial robot joints.

Design/methodology/approach

The ABB IRB 1410 industrial robot is considered as an example in this study. The transmission ratios for each joint of the robot are identified using the spatial circle fitting method based on spatial vectors, which fit the center and radius of joint rotation with the least squares optimization algorithm. In addition, a method based on the Rodrigues’ formula is designed and presented for identifying the actual coupling ratio of the robot. Subsequently, an experiment is carried out to verify the proposed sequential calibration method of transmission ratios.

Findings

In this experiment, the actual positions of the linkages before and after joint rotations are measured by a laser tracker. Accurate results of the reduction ratios and the coupling ratios are calculated, and the results are verified experimentally. The results show that by calibrating the reduction ratios and coupling ratios of the ABB robot, the rotation angle errors of the robot joints can be reduced.

Originality/value

The authors propose a sequential calibration method for transmission ratio parameters, including reduction ratios and coupling ratios of industrial robot joints. An experiment is carried out to verify this proposed sequential calibration method. This study may be beneficial for calibrating the kinematic parameters of industrial robots and improving their positioning accuracy.
Comparison of life cycle assessment for takeout meal packaging (kraft paper bowl and plastic bowl) based on Simapro
Authors: Shao Fenjuan , Cui Qingbin
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This study aims to compare and analyze the impact of the commonly used takeout packing (Kraft paper bowl and plastic bowl) through life cycle assessment, then certain suggestions for the development of green packaging could be provided.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, Simapro software was used to calculate and analyze the whole life cycle of takeout packaging from the stage of raw materials, production and processing and waste disposal.

Findings

Twelve environmental categories were used to quantitatively analyze the environmental impact of the two different bowls. The results showed that the impact of Kraft paper bowl on the environment was less than that of plastic bowl, regardless of raw material, processing or waste stage. Kraft paper bowl was better than plastic bowl.

Research limitations/implications

This study compared and analyzed the progress of 750-mL bowls made with different materials and specific specifications.

Practical implications

Green packaging is the development trend of the future packaging and follows the principle of reduce, resue, recycle, degradable. According to the calculation results, corresponding suggestions can be put forward from production, processing, use, waste and other aspects, and make corresponding contributions to the development of green packaging.

Originality/value

The contribution and impact of each stage of the product on the environment can be studied. The environmental impacts, such as global warming potential and water scarcity, can be reduced through different solutions, such as the use of green materials, good processing techniques and higher recycling rates.
What drives screening incentives in nonbank mortgage originators?
Authors: Ganduri Rohan
Published: September 2023

Nonbank mortgage originators, which operate through the originate‐to‐distribute (OTD) model, account for more than half of all the mortgage origination in the United States. However, less is known about which factors drive the quality of mortgage originations through nonbanks. I show that an exogenous shock that reduced collateral risk for funding intermediaries of nonbank mortgage originators led to a greater issuance of riskier mortgages that culminated in 10–30% higher ex post defaults. These results show how the quality of mortgage origination in the OTD model of nonbanks is affected by the collateral risk borne by their funding intermediaries. Overall, the results highlight funding intermediaries' monitoring incentives as one of the factors that drive the quality of mortgage originations through nonbanks.
Packaging films based on biopolymers from seafood processing wastes: Preparation, properties, and their applications for shelf‐life extension of seafoods—A comprehensive review
Authors: Gulzar Saqib , Tagrida Mohamed , Prodpran Thummanoon , Li Li , Benjakul Soottawat
Published: September 2023

Biopolymers derived from seafood processing byproducts are used to prepare active and biodegradable films as the packaging of food products. These films possess bioactivities to enhance the shelf life of packed foods by proactively releasing antimicrobial/antioxidative agents into the foods and providing sufficient barrier properties. Seafood processing byproducts are an eminent source of valuable compounds, including biopolymers and bioactive compounds. These biopolymers, including collagen, gelatin, chitosan, and muscle proteins, could be used to prepare robust and sustainable food packaging with some antimicrobial agents or antioxidants, for example, plant extracts rich in polyphenols or essential oils. These active packaging are not only biodegradable but also prevent the deterioration of packed foods caused by spoilage microorganisms as well as chemical deterioration. Seafood discards have a promising benefit for the development of environmentally friendly food packaging systems via the appropriate preparation methods or techniques. Therefore, the green packaging from seafood leftover can be better exploited and replace the synthetic counterpart.
Effect of smoking habits and concomitant valproic acid use on relapse in patients with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia receiving clozapine: A 1‐year retrospective cohort study
Authors: Tsukahara Masaru , So Ryuhei , Yoshimura Yusaku , Yamashita Rieko , Yada Yuji , Kodama Masafumi , Nakajima Shinichiro , Kishi Yoshiki , Takeda Toshihiko , Yamada Norihito , Takeuchi Hiroyoshi
Published: September 2023

Introduction

No study has investigated the impact of smoking habits and concomitant valproic acid (VPA) use on clinical outcomes in maintenance treatment with clozapine. Thus, we aimed to examine the effect of smoking habits and concomitant VPA use on relapse during the first year after discharge in patients with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia (TRS) receiving clozapine.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included patients with TRS who were initiated on clozapine during hospitalization and discharged between April 2012 and January 2021 in two tertiary psychiatric hospitals in Japan. Relapse was defined as rehospitalization due to psychiatric exacerbation during the first year after discharge. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to analyze the effect of smoking habits and concomitant VPA use on relapse. Subgroup analyses were also conducted to examine potential interactions between smoking habits and concomitant VPA use.

Results

Among the included 192 patients, 69 (35.9%) met the criteria of relapse. While smoking habits (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28–4.01; p < 0.01) independently increased the risk of relapse, a significant interaction for relapse risk was found between smoking habits and concomitant VPA use (p‐interaction = 0.015). Concomitant VPA use may be an effective modifier of the increased relapse risk associated with smoking habits. Among patients who smoked, those using VPA concomitantly exhibited a higher risk of relapse (aHR, 5.32; 95% CI, 1.68–16.9; p < 0.01) than those not using VPA (aHR, 1.41; 95% CI, 0.73–2.70; p = 0.30).

Conclusion

The findings suggest that the combination of smoking habits and concomitant VPA use may increase the risk of relapse after discharge. Future studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these findings, such as a decrease in clozapine blood levels.
Proxy favors: Confidential proxy voting with institutional dual holders
Authors: Becker William J. , Mansi Sattar , Nazari Maryam , Wald John K.
Published: September 2023

Research Question/Issue

For firms with institutional dual holders, is proxy voting affected by whether the vote is confidential? Does confidential voting affect firms' cost of debt?

Research Findings/Insights

Consistent with social exchange theory and reciprocity norms, we find that, in the absence of confidential voting, firms with institutional dual holders gain more favorable votes for proposals and, in particular, for management‐sponsored compensation proposals. Further, these firms pay a higher cost of borrowing. This reciprocity relation does not exist if the firm has confidential voting in place.

Theoretical/Academic Implications

The results are consistent with reciprocity norms creating a psychological obligation to repay valuable favors between firm managers and institutional dual holders when proxy votes are not confidential.

Practitioner/Policy Implications

The findings support the popular position that confidential voting is in the best interests of shareholders and rigorous external corporate governance.
State Life: Land, Welfare and Management of the Landless in Kerala, India
Authors: Sudheesh R.C.
Published: September 2023

The pressing need to manage the spiralling number of landless people around the world has compelled several states to experiment with scattered land distribution programmes in combination with welfare transfers, instead of comprehensive land reform. This article examines the chasm between land demands and state responses in such contexts. Focusing on the Aralam resettlement site for the landless Adivasis in Kerala, India, it argues that management of the landless could take the form of ‘state life’ — a life envisaged by the state rather than the life the people wish to lead. Three interlinked processes are shown to shape state life in Kerala: the reduction of land to welfare, amplified welfare transfers and the mobilization of assumptions about the target population. State life enables states to extinguish simmering land struggles in the short term, but ultimately it reproduces landlessness.
Endoscopic resection of a subepithelial gastric lesion using a dual endoscope with a through‐the‐scope traction device
Authors: Moungthard Hathaiwan , Tansawet Amarit , Ratanachu‐ek Thawee
Published: September 2023

Watch a video of this article.
Who cares for the carer? Codesigning a carer health and wellbeing clinic for older care partners of older people in Australia
Authors: Layton Natasha , Lalor Aislinn , Slatyer Susan , Lee Den‐Ching A , Bryant Christina , Watson Moira , Khushu Anjali , Burton Elissa , Oliveira Déborah , Brusco Natasha L. , Jacinto Alessandro , Tiller Elizabeth , Hill Keith D.
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Older carers or ‘care partners’ of older people experiencing care needs often provide essential support, at times while neglecting their own health and well‐being. This is an increasingly frequent scenario due to both demographic changes and policy shifts towards ageing in place. Multiple community stakeholders within the care and support ecosystem hold valuable expertise about the needs of older care partners, and the programme and policy responses that may better support their health and well‐being. The aim of this study was to identify the perspectives of stakeholders obtained through the codesign phase of a multicomponent research project investigating new models of care and support for older care partners suitable for the Australian context.

Methods

Principles of codesign were used to engage a purposeful sample of older care partners, health professionals, researchers, policy makers and health service administrators. Participants took part in a series of three codesign workshops conducted remotely via video conferencing. The workshops were supported with briefing material and generated consensus‐based summaries, arriving at a preferred service model.

Findings

This paper reports the research design and structure of the codesign panels, the range of findings identified as important to support the health and well‐being of older carers of older people, and the resulting service model principles. The codesigned and preferred model of care is currently being prepared for implementation and evaluation in Australia.

Public Contribution

This study was conducted using codesign methodology, whereby stakeholders including older care partners and others involved in supporting older carers, were integrally involved with design, development, results and conclusions.
Effect of mixed cation acetate electrolyte on synthesis of α‐hemihydrate gypsum from phosphogypsum
Authors: Min Junjie , Huang Jian , Hu Hailong , Manuka Mesfin , Yin Yunchao , Zhou Fengyang , Deng Hua , Yang Rong , Tang Pei , Ma Baoguo
Published: September 2023

The preparation of α‐hemihydrate gypsum (α‐HH) from phosphogypsum (PG) by atmospheric hydrothermal synthesis is a green and efficient method for the treatment of PG. The commonly used electrolyte solution today is mostly chlorine‐based. The prepared α‐HH based on chlorine salt solution is needlelike with a large aspect ratio, low strength, and high impurity. In this study, sodium‐ and calcium‐mixed cation acetate solution is designed and used as an organic multifunctional electrolyte to the synthesis of α‐HH for the first time. The effects of the mixed cation acetate electrolyte on crystal transformation, product morphology, and product purity of the prepared α‐HH were compared with those prepared with chloride solutions with the same mixed cations. Result showed that the morphology of α‐HH crystals prepared in acetate solutions is a stubby hexagonal prism. The aspect ratio of the prepared α‐HH crystals is close to 1, with 3‐day compressive strength four times higher than that of α‐HH prepared in chloride solutions. In addition, in comparison with chloride electrolyte, acetate electrolyte showed a complexation effect with impurity metal ions, which realized the efficient removal of impurities from PG and increased the purity of the synthesized α‐HH.
Structure evolution and adjustment of τf in (Ba, Sr)HfO3 and (Sr, Ca)HfO3 microwave dielectric ceramics
Authors: Wang Xi , Zhu Xiao Li , Li Lei , Chen Xiang Ming
Published: September 2023

The crystal structure evaluation of Ba1−xSrxHfO3 and Sr1−yCayHfO3 ceramics with varying composition was determined together with its influence on microwave dielectric characteristics. The variation mechanism of temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) was discussed in details, and the strong correlation between τf and bond valence sum (BVS) and tolerance factor (t) was interpreted from the view point of energy. With increasing Sr‐content, the stable phase of Ba1−xSrxHfO3 at room temperature changed from Pmm (x ≤ 0.25) to I4/mcm (0.35 ≤ x ≤ 0.40), then to Imma (0.50 ≤x < 0.75) and finally to Pnma (0.75 ≤ x ≤ 1.0). The peak temperature of dielectric constant changed due to the structure transition, resulting in that τf rapidly declined at first, reached near zero, then slowly decreased, and finally rapidly decreased. Sr1−yCayHfO3 (0 ≤ y ≤ 1.0) belonged to space group Pnma. As the bond lengths and bond angles between B‐atom and O‐atom became more and more changeable (or BVS became smaller), the crystal could store more input heat energy through bond vibrational energy, and consequently τf became closer to zero with increasing Ca‐content, which was consistent with the physical meaning of the rattling effect on τf. With decreasing t, the dominant mechanisms responsible for tuning τf changed from (i) phase transition and (ii) dilution of ion polarizability to (iii) rattling effect. One could investigate what were the dominant mechanisms tuning τf and hopefully predict its trend with the help of τf–t graph. These findings provided a new idea for developing solid solution ceramics with excellent temperature stability.
Impact of intracardiac echocardiography usage on the safety of cryoballoon atrial fibrillation ablation: Subanalysis of the prospective FREEZE cluster cohort study
Authors: Pongratz Janis , Kuniss Malte , Wu Liqun , Tebbenjohanns Jürgen , Nölker Georg , Dorwarth Uwe , Kuck Karl‐Heinz , Jochen Senges , Hoffmann Ellen , Straube Florian ,   FREEZE Cohort Study Investigators
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Cryoballoon ablation (CBA) aiming at pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) became a standardized atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation procedure. Life‐threatening complications like cardiac tamponade exist. Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) usage is associated with superior safety in radiofrequency ablation. It is unclear if ICE has an impact on safety of CBA.

Methods

The FREEZE Cohort (NCT01360008) subanalysis included patients undergoing “PVI only” CBA. Patients with intraprocedural transesophageal echocardiography were excluded. Group A comprises conventional, group B ICE‐guided CBA. Periprocedural results were compared.

Results

From 2011 to 2016, a total of 4189 patients were enrolled, and 1906 (45.5%) were included in this subanalysis, split up in two groups (A: 1066 [55.9%], B: 840 [44.1%]). Group A was younger (60.6 ± 10.8 vs. 62.4 ± 10.5 years, p < .001), with smaller left atria (41 vs. 43 mm, p < .001), and less persistent AF (23.1 vs. 38.1%, p < .001). Procedure, left atrial, and fluoroscopy times were shorter in group A as compared to group B. Dose area product was significantly higher in group A (2911 vs. 2072 cGyxcm2, p < .001).

In‐hospital major adverse cerebrovascular and cardiac event rates including two deaths in group A were not different between groups (0.5% vs. 0.1%, p = .18). The rate of total procedural (10.4% vs. 5.1%, p < .001) and major complications (3.2% vs. 1.3%, p < .001) was significantly higher in group A. Cardiac tamponade occurred significantly more frequently in group A (8 [0.8%] vs. 1 [0.1%], p = .046). Independent predictors for major complications were female sex (odds ratio [OR] 2.03, p = .03) and non‐ICE usage (OR 2.38, p = .02). No differences were observed for persistent phrenic nerve palsy, nor for groin complications.

Conclusion

CBA was significantly safer and required less radiation if ICE was used, although the procedures were more complex. The risk of groin complications was not increased with ICE usage. Non‐ICE usage was the only modifiable independent predictor of major complications.
Designing contests for data science competitions: Number of stages and the prize structures
Authors: Liu Jialu , Kim Keehyung
Published: September 2023

Firms have been proactively holding data science competitions via online contest platforms to look for innovative solutions from the crowd. When firms are designing such competitions, a key question is “What should be a better contest design to motivate contestants to exert more effort?” We model two commonly observed contest structures ( one stage and two stage) and two widely adopted prize structures ( high spread and low spread). We employ economic experiments to examine how contest design affects contestants’ effort level. The results reject the base model with rationality assumption. We find that contestants exert significantly more effort in both the first stage and the second stage of the two‐stage contest. Moreover, it is better to assign most prizes to the winner in the two‐stage contest while it does not matter in one stage. To explain the empirical regularities, we develop a behavioral economics model that captures contestants’ psychological aversion to falling behind and continuous exertion of effort. Our findings demonstrate that it is important for contest organizers to account for the nonpecuniary factors that can influence contestants’ behavior in designing a competition.
Menstrual cycle characteristics, perceived impact on performance, and barriers to communication: Perspectives of high‐performance adolescent athletes in Singapore
Authors: Taim Bernadette Cherianne , Lye Jamie , Suppiah Haresh T. , Chan Tin Wing , Chia Michael , Clarke Anthea
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the menstrual cycle (MC) characteristics, explore the impact on performance, and identify barriers to and facilitators of MC‐related communication among high‐performance female adolescent athletes in Singapore. Ninety athletes (15.4 ± 1.8 years) from multiple sports completed an online questionnaire. Eighty‐four athletes were postmenarcheal (menarcheal age 11.9 ± 1.3 years), including two who were using an oral contraceptive pill (OCP). Secondary amenorrhea, current or history of, was self‐reported in 16% of athletes. Sixty‐two percent and 67% of non‐OCP athletes perceived that the MC affected their ability to train and compete, respectively. Athletes preferred speaking to a parent (85%) and a female figure (67%) about MC‐related concerns. Through thematic analysis, three barriers to communication were constructed: (1) pervasive menstrual stigma, (2) constraints of the training environment, and (3) the low value placed on MC‐related conversations. Two facilitators of communication were constructed: (1) respect athletes' individual experiences as menstruating girls and (2) foster a safe space for MC‐related conversations. Findings demonstrated that menstrual irregularities are common in adolescent athletes and screening for MC disorders, particularly primary amenorrhea should be undertaken in this population, with clear support pathways for management including symptom mitigation. To support athletes in raising MC‐related concerns when needed, structured communication pathways that consider individual preferences and involve a (female) point of contact should be established within the training environment. Improving menstrual health literacy among adolescent athletes before any misinformation or negative perceptions are firmly established may contribute to longevity in their athletic careers.
Description of the novel HLA allele, HLA‐C*01:220 in a Chinese individual
Authors: You Xuan , He Yanmin , Zhang Wei , Zhu Faming
Published: September 2023

HLA‐C*01:220 has one nucleotide change compared with HLA‐C*01:02:01:01 in codon 163 of exon 3.
Inhibitory checkpoint molecule mRNA expression in canine soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Stevenson Valentina Beatriz , Gudenschwager‐Basso Erwin Kristobal , Klahn Shawna , LeRoith Tanya , Huckle William R.
Published: September 2023

Canine soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are common neoplasms and considered immune deserts. Tumour infiltrating lymphocytes are sparse in STS and, when present, tend to organize around blood vessels or at the periphery of the neoplasm. This pattern is associated with an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment linked to overexpression of molecules of the PD‐axis. PD‐1, PD‐L1 and PD‐L2 expression correlates with malignancy and poor prognosis in other neoplasms in humans and dogs, but little is known about their role in canine STS, their relationship to tumour grade, and how different therapies affect expression. The objective of this study was to evaluate the expression of checkpoint molecules across STS tumour grades and after tumour ablation treatment. Gene expression analysis was performed by reverse‐transcriptase real‐time quantitative PCR in soft tissue sarcomas that underwent histotripsy and from histologic specimens of STS from the Virginia Tech Animal Laboratory Services archives. The expression of PD‐1, PD‐L1 and PD‐L2 was detected in untreated STS tissue representing grades 1, 2, and 3. Numerically decreased expression of all markers was observed in tissue sampled from the treatment interface relative to untreated areas of the tumour. The relatively lower expression of these checkpoint molecules at the periphery of the treated area may be related to liquefactive necrosis induced by the histotripsy treatment, and would potentially allow TILs to infiltrate the tumour. Relative increases of these checkpoint molecules in tumours of a higher grade and alongside immune cell infiltration are consistent with previous reports that associate their expression with malignancy.
Allogeneic chondrogenic‐induced mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of tarsometatarsal lameness in horses
Authors: Coomer Richard P. C. , Terschuur Janine A. , Pressanto M. Chiara , Walker Ian
Published: September 2023

Objective

To assess the efficacy of commercial intra‐articular blood‐derived allogeneic‐induced mesenchymal stem cells (CIMSCs) to treat tarsometatarsal lameness in horses.

Study design

This was a retrospective cohort study.

Animals

Records from 167 adult light breed horses with bilateral tarsometatarsal lameness.

Methods

Horses with tarsometatarsal lameness were retrospectively selected from medical records. Diagnosis followed subjective graded lameness assessment before and after intra‐articular analgesia, with graded radiographic tarsal examination. Horses were excluded if they were diagnosed or treated for any other concurrent lameness conditions during the study. Time to last follow‐up and time of recurrence of lameness was recorded at veterinary re‐assessment.

Results

A total of 67 horses were recruited to the CIMSC‐treated group and 100 to the corticosteroid (CS)‐treated group. Median age was 9 years, with no difference in signalment, use or radiographic grade between groups. First re‐examination was 38 days (95% CI: 38–49), with no difference between groups, CIMSC 42 (35–45), control 34 (25–42). Median follow‐up was 438 days for CIMSC, 546 for controls. Symptoms of lameness recurred in 86/100 controls compared to 17/67 (25%) CIMSC. Median time to lameness recurring in CIMSC was 336 days (95% CI: 239–400), control 90 days (95% CI: 80–108), p < .0001. Cox proportional hazard ratio for treatment was 8.35, 95% CI: 4.67 to 14.92, p < .0001.

Conclusions

Lameness was abolished in all treated horses. It recurred significantly less often, and later, in CIMSC‐treated horses.

Clinical significance

Intra‐articular CIMSC treatment results in prolonged soundness in horses with tarsometatarsal lameness.