bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptation of rice farmers to aging in Thailand
Authors: Bunyasiri Isriya , Suchato Ravissa , Sirisupluxana Prapinwadee
Published: October 2024

As one of the fastest-aging countries globally, Thailand faces unique challenges in its agricultural landscape due to the accelerated aging of its farming population. As rice is the most important crop, it is essential to understand the perceptions of farmers regarding the effects of aging on rice farming and how they adapt to aging. This research examined the adjustments that rice farmers had made in their practices over the past 5 years to cope with this demographic shift. The study utilized survey data collected from 300 rice farmers across two prominent rice-producing provinces in Thailand. The findings revealed that 32% of the surveyed rice farmers had adapted to the challenges posed by aging. The top two adaptive strategies allowed descendants to be more involved in rice farming activities and utilization of labor-saving machinery. To analyze the factors influencing the decision to adapt to aging, a binary probit model was employed. The results indicated that several factors played a positive and significant role in the rice farmers’ decisions. These included the farmer’s age, the size of agricultural land, access to irrigation, land ownership, the farmer’s perception of the impact of aging on rice farming, willingness to learn to use and embrace innovative technology for planting and harvesting, and a reduced number of farming activities performed through custom hiring services. Among these factors, irrigation, land ownership, and the farmer’s perception of the aging impact were found to have a strong influence on the farmer’s adaptation.
On optimal control of coupled mean-field forward-backward stochastic equations
Authors: Mansouri Badreddine , Mezerdi Brahim , Bahlali Khaled
Published: October 2024

We consider a control problem for a mean-field coupled forward-backward
stochastic differential equations, called also McKean–Vlasov equation
(MF-FBSDE). For this type of equations, the coefficients depend not only on the
state of the system, but also on its marginal distributions. They arise
naturally in mean-field control problems and mean-field games. We consider the
relaxed control problem where admissible controls are measure-valued
processes. We prove the existence of a relaxed optimal control by using a
suitable form of Skorokhod representation theorem and Jakubowski’s topology,
on the space of càdlàg functions. We use martingale measure to define
the relaxed state process. Our results extend to MF-FBSDEs those already known
for forward and backward stochastic equations of Itô type.
The estimator G
59 for the solutions of the regularized Kolmogorov--Wiener filter
Authors: Girko Vyacheslav L. , Shevchuk B. V. , Shevchuk L. D.
Published: October 2024

The limit theorem for the estimator

G
59

{G_{59}}

for the regularized solution of the Kolmogorov–Wiener filter is proved.
Stimulus-Stimulus Versus Stimulus-Valence Learning in Evaluative Conditioning: Insights on the Ecological Conditions of Unconditioned Stimulus Revaluation Effects
Authors: Reichmann Kathrin , Hütter Mandy
Published: October 2024

Previous research into the influence of postconditioning revaluation of unconditioned stimuli (USs) on evaluative conditioning (EC) effects produced inconsistent results. One potential factor determining the sensitivity of EC to US revaluation is whether conditioned stimuli (CSs) get linked to valence (stimulus-valence learning) or the specific USs (stimulus-stimulus learning). The present research tested the ecological conditions of stimulus-valence learning and thereby US revaluation. In a sequential procedure, Experiment 1 paired CSs with either different USs of the same valence (one-to-many pairings) or the same US repeatedly (one-to-one pairings). Although EC effects were equally large, US revaluation effects and memory for CS-US pairings were reduced for one-to-many compared to one-to-one pairings. Experiments 2 and 3 presented one-to-many pairings in a forward versus backward manner but found the two versions of a sequential pairing procedure equally effective in inducing stimulus-valence learning. We present potential learning mechanisms underlying the outcomes and discuss approaches to their investigation.
SPECTROKINETIC INVESTIGATION OF THE PHOTOCHROMIC SYSTEM UNDER CONTINUOUS UV IRRADIANCE USING REFLECTANCE VS. TIME CURVES
Authors: Solanki Utkarshsinh B. , Viková Martina , Vik Michal
Published: October 2024

The photochromic properties of the dye 5-chloro-1,3,3-trimethylspiro[indoline-2,3'-[3H] naphtho[2,1-b] [1,4]- oxazine] were investigated by exposing it to continuous monochromatic irradiation using 360 nm ultraviolet irradiation using photochromic prints at 293.15  2 K; it undergoes a photocoloration and photodecoloration state, thus following the dynamics of a photochromic cycle of growth and decay phase, respectively. Even if the isolated photo isomeric form of the photochromic dye structure is unavailable, one can quantitatively analyse the photo-induced kinetics of photochromic systems using the raw reflectance data. The quantum colour yield is represented by colour span values [K/S] obtained by converting reflectance data to Kubelka- Munk values. The dynamics of the photoreaction in a photochromic system can be examined by analysing the constants for the rate of colouration and decolouration caused by light. By employing first-order kinetics, the dependent dominant wavelength [max] can be determined by fitting the raw data obtained as a change in reflectance values from the FOTOCHROM3 spectrophotometer. The relationship between the colour span values and the concentration of the photochromic dye employed in the photochromic prints is linear.
GARMENT DURABILITY ANALYSIS – INFLUENCE OF TEXTILE MAINTENANCE
Authors: Wiener Jakub , Šubrová Tereza , Coetzee Divan
Published: October 2024

Textiles used in clothing pose a large environmental burden from their initial manufacturing, maintenance and end of life. Garment production is a major problem whose environmental impacts can be easily quantified since it is a defined production process. To implement sustainable processes, it is necessary to evaluate the entire life cycle of a garment, including its maintenance and end-of-life. In this study, the maintenance phase of the garment is investigated. The garment maintenance is divided into real applied steps, and these individual steps are analysed in terms of raw material especially regarding potential/real damage to the treated garment fabric. The different maintenance steps are contextualised by the survey and results of the questionnaire used for the study. This investigated which gentle maintenance practices the respondents use in practice. The source of the analysed data is a questionnaire survey made in the Czech Republic. The result is a thorough analysis of the maintenance practices associated with garments and an analysis of ways to extend the lifetime of garments and thus reduce their environmental burden caused by excessive waste generation.
IMAGE-BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS AND MICROMECHANICAL MODELING OF YARN AND COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Authors: Overberg Matthias , Zalewska Emilia , Abdkader Anwar , Cherif Chokri
Published: October 2024

This study aims to establish a comprehensive methodology for determining the microstructural properties of hybrid yarns used in composite materials. By developing accurate models of hybrid yarns and composites based on detailed microstructural information such as fibre orientation, fibre diameter and distribution, this approach lays the foundation for future advances. These models, enriched with accurate microstructural data, will facilitate the creation of new modelling techniques that can be used in future research to explore the correlation between microstructural properties and mechanical performance of composite materials.
Optimizing an Ultisol of marginal land for soybean cultivation through inorganic fertilizer substitution with Tithonia compost and biochar ameliorant
Authors: Lestari Ardiyaningsih Puji , Zulkarnain  , Adriani  , Mapegau  , Nusifera Sosiawan , Martino Dede
Published: October 2024

Soybean has a strategic role as a food commodity in Jambi, Indonesia, but until now, it has still not been self-sufficient. There is still an opportunity to increase soybean productivity in Jambi by 35-49.6% by optimizing the use of marginal, dominated by Ultisol, which has low inherent soil fertility. One of the efforts that can be made to improve soil fertility for cultivating soybean plants in Jambi is to utilize compost and biochar as soil ameliorants to substitute for inorganic fertilizer. This study aimed to assess the effect of compost and biochar ameliorant as substitutes for inorganic fertilizer on the growth and yield of soybean plants grown on an Ultisol of Jambi. The experiment was arranged in a simple randomized block design with the combination of the percentage of inorganic fertilizer with compost and biochar ameliorant (100+0, 75+25, 50+50, 25+75, and 0+100) as the treatment factors. The observed variables were plant height, number of branches, plant nitrogen content, rate of symbiotically fixed nitrogen, weight of 100 seeds, and yield. The results showed that providing compost and biochar ameliorants can replace the role of inorganic fertilizer, and providing 100% compost and biochar ameliorant and a combination of 25% inorganic fertilizer and 75% compost biochar ameliorant can provide the highest growth and yield in soybean plants planted in Ultisol dry land.
Distribution of soil fertility indices in aggregate size fractions under different land-use types for coarse-textured soils of the derived savannah
Authors: Ifeanyi-Onyishi Ifeyinwa , Ezeaku Peter , Umeugokwe Chigozie , Ezeaku Victor , Obalum Sunday
Published: October 2024

The research investigated the distribution of soil fertility indices among aggregate-size fractions across three land-use types (forested, cultivated, and fallow lands) for loamy sand at Ede-Oballa, a derived savannah in southeastern Nigeria. Surface soil samples from these land-use types were air-dried and separated into <0.25 mm, 0.25-0.5 mm, 0.5-1.0 mm, 1.0-2.0 mm, 2.0-4.0 mm, and 4.0-8.0 mm aggregates before analyses. There were significant interaction effects of land-use type and aggregate-size fraction on the distribution of soil particle sizes (sand, silt, and clay) and contents of total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable bases (Mg2+ and Na+), and exchangeable acidity as well as apparent cation exchange capacity (CEC). Land-use type affected soil pH, K+, Ca+, and percent base saturation but not soil organic carbon (SOC), which was rather unevenly distributed among the aggregate-size fractions. The distribution of most fertility indices, those defining CEC, and SOC content favoured >2.0 mm (large), 0.25-0.5 mm and <0.25 mm (micro-) aggregates, respectively, under cultivated land. However, soil total nitrogen and exchangeable acidity contents were best improved in the largest (4.0-8.0 mm) aggregates under forested and fallow lands, respectively. The study highlights the potential of land-use types generally and arable-crop cultivation specifically to engender aggregates of different sizes with specific roles in improving soil quality and fertility.
Identity Claims and the Legal Order: Secular or Religious?
Authors: Padjen Ivan Ladislav
Published: October 2024

The problem addressed in this article is the challenge that identity claims stemming from identity politics, commonly recognized as left liberalism, pose to the secularity of the modern legal order. The paper: (1) postulates human dignity as the highest value and assesses the potential of philosophy and law to find a balance among the conflicting demands posed by this value; (2) identifies constitutional principles and/or jus cogens as the basis for the identification and appraisal of identity claims; (3) describes major identity claims embodied in the Istanbul Convention and appraises them on the basis of the principles; (4) ascribes identity politics and its claims to a worldview with traits of a religion, termed culturalism, as their condition. The conclusion proposes alternative decisions (de lege ferenda) more in accord with the principles, most notably with the freedom of thought, conscience and religion.
Impacto del Grammaring en el desarrollo de la Competencia Comunicativa Intercultural en el Programa de Idioma Inglés del COAR-Ucayali
Authors: Lopez Roca Carlos , Alvarez Huarez Rudy , Uscamayta Bambaren Elizabeth
Published: October 2024

The process of acquiring English language proficiency by non-native individuals requires the application of effective teaching methods. In this study, the impact of grammar instruction on the development of intercultural communication skills in students of Coar Ucayali was evaluated. Through a quantitative approach and a quasi-experimental design with application orientation and explanatory level, data were obtained from a non-random selection of 25 students in the experimental group, who participated in correction and feedback sessions for grammatical errors, in contrast to another 25 students in the control group who did not receive this instruction. The B1 Preliminary (Pet For School) exam from the University of Cambridge was used to measure intercultural communication skills. The results indicate that there are important differences between the experimental group and the control group, which suggests that the focus on grammar contributes to the improvement of Intercultural Communicative Competence.
La propuesta de evaluación del proceso de formulación de metas en el seno de un equipo de Gimnasia Rítmica Deportiva
Authors: Lores Sánchez Lilian
Published: October 2024

O trabalho que se apresenta a seguir contribui para responder a um dos problemas que constitui um desafio para a Psicologia do Desporto do século XXI, o desenvolvimento de investigação que incide sobre atletas de equipas desportivas, a partir da implementação de ações de intervenção psicológica baseadas no estabelecimento de relações grupais e individuais. gols, neste caso à equipe de Ginástica Rítmica Desportiva, Categoria 13-15 anos, da EIDE “Pedro Batista Fonseca”, no município de Bayamo, província de Granma, Cuba. Para o efeito, utilizou-se um conjunto de métodos de nível teórico, empírico e estatístico, sendo que neste último caso foi aplicada uma bateria de medidas psicológicas, composta por vários testes psicológicos selecionados, que permitiram estabelecer e verificar o estado do problema que foi apresentado. investigue. Os resultados adquiridos impactam a obtenção de uma motivação enriquecida no conjunto de treinadores e atletas envolvidos na disciplina de Ginástica Rítmica Desportiva. Da mesma forma, afetam a dinâmica colaborativa e coesa do trabalho grupal em equipe, facilitando a ampliação e o fortalecimento das competências inerentes a este tipo de trabalho. Ao mesmo tempo, contribuem para a melhoria e refinamento do processo de formulação de objetivos na gestão da liderança da equipe.
Prioritized Aggregation Operators of GTHFNs MADM Approach for the Evaluation of Renewable Energy Sources
Authors: Uluçay Vakkas , Deli Irfan , Edalatpanah Seyyed Ahmad
Published: October 2024

In this paper, firstly, we propose two new GTHFNs-prioritized aggregation operators called generalized trapezoidal hesitant fuzzy number prioritized weighted average operator and generalized trapezoidal hesitant fuzzy number prioritized weighted geometric operator. Secondly, we investigate the fundamental properties of the operators in detail such as idempotency, boundedness and monotonicity. Thirdly, we propose a method based on the developed GTHF-numbers prioritized aggregation operators for solving an MADM problem with GTHF-numbers. Fourthly, we give a numerical example of the developed method. Finally, a comparative analysis is given with some existing methods in solving an MADM problem with GTHF-numbers.
Lithuania's Image in Modem History Schoolbooks of Russia
Authors: Šepetys Nerijus
Published: October 2024

This article analyses Russian schoolbooks of history, which have been received from the bilateral Lithuanian-Russian Commission of Historians in 2007. The group comprises more than ten books selected by the Russian historians, all of which (except the textbook of Russian history) are used in Russian schools (mainly in secondary schools) up until these days. Not included are all subsequently published textbooks of modern Russian history, written for the 10th grade pupils, with a "blessing" of the president of the Russian Federation.
The analysis highlights the "Lithuanian" aspect, that is: how separate subjects of Lithuanian history are being delineated; in what contexts and meanings Lithuania and Lithuanians figure; what particular misapprehensions, mutilations, and mistakes are seen. The meaningful passages of Lithuanian history are discussed in factual, contextual, and evaluative aspects.
In the textbooks for 6 to 11 grades, the most attention is being paid to the early period of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL) (till the end of the 14th century), with special note to the process of the "unification of Russian lands." According to the typology suggested by the Russian historian Alexander Filiyushkin, the GDL is considered to be a "true Rus" and also a "victim of Lithuanians' occupation." Generally, the medieval Lithuanian state is being perceived either as a "historical misunderstanding" or as "essentially Russian lands," while Lithuania in the Union with Poland, and particularly in the composition of the Russian Empire, receives only episodical mention in separate schoolbooks. In Russian schoolbooks of modern history, two passages are granted exceptional attention: the events related to the circumstances and results of the so-called Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Overall, these schoolbooks comprehend a wide variety of material concerning the "Lithuanian question": objective and unfair exposition of major factual data, conscious and unconscious veilings, multiperspective and one-sided interpretations, neutral and subtle misrepresentations. However, all these problems related to Lithuanian history are equally characteristic of the representation of Russian history itself. Frequently, Russia is being perceived as a historically static and invariable "value." Most of the schoolbooks lack conceptuality, and this shortage is being (consciously or unconsciously) counterbalanced with mythical and ideological "leading ideas," such as political messianism, deterministic apologetics, and nationalism of a superstate. These assumptions, conditioned by peculiar outlook and sometimes reinforced with up-to-date principles of the politics of history, determine all veiling and sophistications when the matter concerns Lithuanian history.
The Catholic Church in Lithuania in 1940-1990: between Resistance and Adaptation
Authors: Streikus Arūnas
Published: October 2024

In spite of suffered losses on the eve of the Soviet reoccupation, the Catholic Church in Lithuania remained one of the most important actors that hindered sovietisation of the social and cultural life during the first years of the Soviet rule. Just in the beginning of the 1950s, the regime was able to cut off all ties connecting the Church with society (publication of religious literature, religious education of youth, involvement of lay people), but in spite of this, the Church was representing further in the eyes of many Lithuanians not only religious contents, but also national values. This mantle of superficial respect hid lowering knowledge of the Church teaching and growing indifference towards it. Due to the long-lasting oppression and isolation from the outside world, the Church retreated into a hard shell, which offered a reliable protection against attacks of the Soviet regime but hardly fit when facing the challenges of an open society.
Nevertheless, even in these unfavourable conditions, there managed to survive shoots of a new life that led to cherish hopes for the future. Firstly, the new period of Church resistance in the 1970s, which took the shape of a believers' rights movement, raised a new generation of conscious lay Catholics. Secondly, the defense of believers' rights was not only the fight for religious liberty but also raised civic as well as national self-consciousness and questioned the norms of Soviet ethics. Thirdly, the necessity to unite forces against the Soviet regime, which was limiting the space of religious and national activities, helped to overcome ethnoconfessional seclusion of the Lithuanian Catholic community, thus opening the way for inter-cultural dialogue.
Sight on the Faraway Afganistan
Authors: Luchtanienė Daiva
Published: October 2024

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Study of spectroscopic properties of some nuclei participating in (μ-, e-) lepton flavor violation process
Authors:   Department of Physics, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, India, Verma P. , Pandey P. , Chaturvedi K. ,   Department of Physics, Siddharth University, Kapilvastu, Siddharthnagar, India
Published: October 2024

Lepton flavor violation (LFV) is a clear sign of new physics beyond the standard model. A prominent process concerning LFV is μ- ⟶ e- conversion in a muonic atom. In the present work, we have investigated the spectroscopic properties of three nuclei namely 24Mg, 32S, and 44Ca which participate in this μ- ⟶ e- lepton flavor violating process. We have used USD interaction for sd shell nuclei namely 24Mg and 32S and Z20 Bonn interaction for pf shell nucleus 44Ca, to calculate these properties.
The quartic anharmonic oscillator - an oscillator-basis expansion approach. I. Energy levels study and calculation
Authors:   Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Babenko V.A. , Nesterov A.V.
Published: October 2024

For the quantum quartic anharmonic oscillator with the Hamiltonian H=0.5(p2+x2)+λx4 which is one of the classic traditional quantum-mechanical and quantum-field-theory models, its main physical characteristics and properties are thoroughly studied and calculated based on the system's wave function expansion in a complete set of the harmonic oscillator eigenfunctions, i.e., in the basis of eigenfunctions {φ(0)n} of the unperturbed Hamiltonian H=0.5(p2+x2). Very good convergence of the calculated energy levels of the anharmonic oscillator is demonstrated with respect to the number of basis functions included in the expansion, across a wide range of variation of the parameter λ. Thus, we have computed the energies of the ground and the first six excited states of the system for an exceptionally wide range of the oscillator coupling constant λ. In general, the proposed method provides a very good and accurate way to calculate all system characteristics.
Cutting into the NICU: Improvements in Outcomes for Neonates with Surgical Conditions
Authors: Bourque Stephanie L. , Murthy Karna , Grover Theresa R. , Berman Loren , Riddle Stefanie
Published: October 2024

The Children’s Hospitals Neonatal Consortium (CHNC), established in 2010, seeks to improve care for infants with medically and surgically complex conditions who are cared for in level IV regional children’s hospital NICUs across North America. Through patient-level individual data collection, comparative benchmarking, and multicenter quality improvement work, CHNC has contributed to knowledge and improved outcomes, leveraging novel collaborations between and across institutions. Focusing on antenatal and inpatient care for infants with surgical conditions including congenital diaphragmatic hernia, gastroschisis, and necrotizing enterocolitis, we summarize the progress made in these infants′ care. We highlight the ways in which CHNC has enabled multidisciplinary and multicenter collaborations through the facilitation of diagnosis-specific focus groups, which enable comparative observations of outcomes through quality improvement and research initiatives. Finally, we review the importance of postbirth hospitalization needs of these infants and the application of telemedicine in this population.
Perspectives on Childhood Lead Exposure Prevention: Looking Back and Looking Ahead
Authors: LeBlanc Tanya Telfair , Chang Arthur , Svendsen Erik , Allwood Paul
Published: October 2024

Lead’s neurotoxic properties and potential harmful effects to humans, particularly young children, have been recognized for decades, influencing public health policies to reduce its admixture in house paint and passenger car gasoline. We signal 3 emergent trends: firearm proliferation, complex international food supply chains, and equally complex product marketing strategies, which have opened opportunities for lead exposure to children from guns and ammunition, and lead contamination in children’s food and consumer goods. Readers will also be apprised of Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program and education strategies cultivated and advanced by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and its lead prevention partners. A national governmental policy update is included, as are future considerations.
State-Level Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Policies and Practices in the United States: 2022–2023
Authors: Ruckart Perri Zeitz , Schondelmeyer Rio , Allen Alexis , Allwood Paul
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES

The purpose of this analysis is to better understand laws and practices guiding prevention activities in childhood lead poisoning prevention programs funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

METHODS

In 2022, CDC surveyed 62 funded programs using the Awardee Lead Profile Assessment. Information was collected about childhood lead poisoning-related laws and guidance, surveillance and prevention strategies, and program services including at what blood lead levels (BLLs) various activities are performed. Separately, CDC reviewed state health department websites to obtain information on which states implemented CDC’s updated blood lead reference value.

RESULTS

Awardee Lead Profile Assessment results are only reported for 47 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. Almost all programs (96%) have laws requiring reporting of BLLs, and 51% require BLLs be reported electronically to jurisdictional health departments. Most programs (80%) prioritize areas and populations that are high risk for lead poisoning prevention activities. Approximately half of the programs (51%) have a lead elimination plan or goal. Thirty-nine percent of the programs have already implemented policies, laws, or regulations to achieve lead elimination, and 74% are in the Northeast and Midwest regions of the country. As of March 2023, 71% of the programs have implemented CDC’s updated blood lead reference value, and most (65%) did so via guidance for health care providers and laboratories for what BLL should initiate case management and other services for lead-exposed children.

CONCLUSIONS

Almost all programs have mandatory BLL reporting laws, and about two-thirds of the programs updated their BLLs that trigger public health action.
Recently Recalled Children’s Products Due to Lead Hazards
Authors: Allwood Paul , Ruckart Perri Zeitz , Harris Qaiyim
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE

We reviewed recent reports of recalled children’s products contaminated with lead to learn more about what could be done to inform public health partners about the recalls in a timely manner to assist with broader consumer notification for proactive lead poisoning prevention efforts.

METHODS

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention staff reviewed lead-related recall notices for children’s products issued during June 2022 through April 2024. Recall notices were extracted from the Consumer Product Safety Commission using Really Simple Syndication feed technology to identify and capture the most current recall information. Specific product details in the database were extracted and analyzed descriptively to identify response trends and best practices.

RESULTS

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s automated tool identified 30 recalls from Consumer Product Safety Commission. Lead-contaminated toys were the most frequent type of product recalled (n = 11, 37%). Most products were manufactured in China (n = 24, 86%). Products were on the market for an average of 25 months before they were recalled. No injuries were reported. The 30 recalls resulted in a combined number of 914 598 recalled units sold.

CONCLUSIONS

The current approach to protecting children from lead hazards in consumer products could be augmented by timely notifying the public health community about recalls so they can broadly disseminate information through their channels to reduce lead exposure in children. Additional steps to reduce lead contamination in children’s products when sourcing raw materials and components may help to decrease the number of recalls.
Liderazgo educativo en un mundo global
Authors: Gutiérrez Blanco Luis Carlos
Published: October 2024

La globalización, como paradigma económico y social prevalente, ha traído una nueva manera de interacción global no exenta de controversias. En respuesta, la educación se ha transformado y se mueve de una educación para la globalización hacia una educación global. El liderazgo que se precisa está caracterizado por el servicio y la ética, visionario, holístico y, por ende, espiritual, que cuida de las personas y que está capacitado para responder al desarrollo educativo de una plena y crítica ciudadanía global.
Diagnóstico de vulnerabilidade à contaminação das águas subterrâneas por necrópole em Frederico Westphalen – RS
Authors: Blasius Jandir Pereira , Santos Rodolfo Busolin Alves dos , Fries Maximilian
Published: October 2024

As águas subterrâneas são amplamente utilizadas para o abastecimento humano e são suscetíveis à contaminação por diversas atividades antrópicas. Sendo assim, este trabalho avaliou a vulnerabilidade à contaminação das águas subterrâneas por necrópole no entorno do Cemitério Municipal e da região de Frederico Westphalen - RS, por meio da aplicação do método GOD (G: grau de confinamento hidráulico; O: ocorrência de estratos; e D: nível freático). O levantamento e tratamento das informações dos poços cadastrados no SIAGAS classificou a vulnerabilidade da área municipal com 52,67% na classe insignificante, 40,42% com baixa significância e 6,91% com significância média. Foi constatado que o Cemitério Municipal pertence a área com risco potencial à contaminação. Este trabalho forneceu subsídios que podem ser utilizados para o gerenciamento do uso e ocupação do solo municipal e para a implementação de medidas de proteção das águas subterrâneas.
Miért (nem) hallatják a hangjukat a munkavállalók? A szervezeti véleménynyilvánítás motívumai
Authors: Faragó Klára , Buzás Barnabás
Published: October 2024

Háttér és célkitűzések: A korábbi kutatások a véleménynyilvánítás motivációjára kevés figyelmet fordítottak. A szervezeti véleménynyilvánítás és hallgatás motivációit kívántuk integráltan feltárni a tartalom és a kulturális kontextus fényében. Módszer: Kérdőíves vignettás módszerrel két fejlesztő és két figyelmeztető szervezeti helyzetben négy szervezeti és négy egyéni motiváció szerepét vizsgáltuk a véleménynyilvánításban, a hallgatásban és a véleménynyilvánítási szándék kialakításában. A vizsgálatban 268 személy vett részt. Eredmények: A véleménynyilvánítás esetében a szervezeti, míg a hallgatás esetében az egyéni motívumok kerülnek előtérbe. A hatékonyság és a bizalom növelése meghatározó a véleménynyilvánítás összes helyzetében, a hallgatás motívumainál viszont a személyes norma hiánya és a konfliktuskerülés a döntő motívum. Az egyes helyzetek kontextusában változik a motívumok súlya. Következtetések: Kutatásunkban a fejlesztő és a figyelmeztető véleménynyilvánítás, valamint a véleménynyilvánítás és hallgatás eltérő motivációs bázisáról és helyzetfüggéséről összetett képet kaptunk. Arra a következtetésre jutottunk, hogy a kérdőívre adott válaszok túlzóan magas véleménynyilvánítási szándéka konformitást tükröz, egy „idealizált” dolgozó képe köszön vissza benne. Ebben a nézetünkben a szervezeti kultúrával való kapcsolat hiánya, a motívumok helyzethez kötöttségének elemzése erősítenek meg.
A vezetők kiemelt szerepe a munkavállalók munkahelyi kudarcélményének pozitív erőforrásként való azonosításában
Authors: Kiss Kitti , Kun Ágota
Published: October 2024

Háttér és célkitűzések: A kudarc megtapasztalása a munka (és az élet) velejárója. Tanulmányunkban a munkahelyi kudarc élményét befolyásoló és az abból való növekedést segítő tényezőket kutattuk. Tanulmányunk három fő kérdése: (1) Milyen korábban már feltárt munkahelyi kudarcélményt befolyásoló tényezők jelennek meg a magyar mintában? (2) Milyen eddig nem vizsgált, de a szakirodalmi áttekintések alapján releváns tényezők lehetnek még hatással a kudarcból való növekedésre? (3) Ezen tényezők közül melyek vannak a legnagyobb mértékben hatással arra, hogy egy kudarcélményt minél hatékonyabban és eredményesebben tudjon egy munkavállaló megélni, abból növekedni? Módszer: A vizsgálat során félig strukturált interjúkat vettünk fel 32 személlyel, akiknek 50%-a nő, 50%-a férfi volt, 50%-a vezető szerepben, 50%-a pedig nem vezetői beosztásban, 50%-a a versenyszférában és 50%-a a közszférában dolgozott. A kapott válaszok alapján egy kódrendszert dolgoztunk ki. Eredmények: Kutatásunk számos kérdésben alátámasztotta a szakirodalom korábbi megállapításait, ugyanakkor a választott módszer segítségével új eredményeket is kaptunk. A korábban már feltárt tényezők mellett a szervezeti kultúrának és a mentális keménységnek is jelentős befolyásoló ereje van erre a folyamatra. Következtetések: Elsősorban a vezetők azok, akik segíteni tudják a munkavállalókat a kudarcból való növekedésben, ugyanakkor a szervezeti kultúra és a mentális keménység jelentős erejéről sem feledkezhetnek meg a szervezetek a hatékony kudarckezelés során.
Myeloma multiplexben szenvedő betegek túlélési eredményei a Semmelweis Egyetem Belgyógyászati és Hematológiai Klinikáján
Authors: Ruff Eszter , Gaál Lilla , Szita Virág Réka , Wiedemann Ádám , Svorenj Szabolcs , Tóth András Dávid , Horváth Laura , Szombath Gergely , Farkas Péter , Várkonyi Judit , Masszi Tamás , Varga Gergely
Published: October 2024

Bevezetés: A myeloma multiplex túlélése sokat javult az utóbbi
két évtizedben, ami elsősorban az új kezelési lehetőségek megjelenésének tudható
be. Ám a mindennapi életben tapasztaltak sokszor eltérhetnek a klinikai
vizsgálatok eredményeitől, ezért fontos a „real world” adatok összegyűjtése is.
Célkitűzés és módszer: A Semmelweis Egyetem Belgyógyászati
és Hematológiai Klinikáján (illetve elődjében, a III. Sz. Belgyógyászati
Klinikán) 2008 és 2021 között diagnosztizált összes myelomás beteg klinikai és
túlélési adatait elemeztük. Vizsgáltuk az összefüggéseket a diagnózis időszaka,
a kezelési protokollok, a prognosztikai tényezők (International Staging System,
karyotypus), a csontlaesiók, a veseelégtelenség jelenléte és a túlélés között.
Klinikánkon 2013-tól myelomaspecifikus szakrendelés keretében látjuk el a
betegeket, ami szintén kihathat a túlélésre. Eredmények:
Összesen 284 beteget diagnosztizáltunk a vizsgált időszakban, melynek során az
évente felismert betegek száma megháromszorozódott. A kezelési stratégia
nagymértékben változott eközben: a kemoterápiát teljesen felváltotta az új
szerek alkalmazása, egyre inkább hármas vagy négyes kombinációkban. A teljes
csoport mediántúlélése 54 hónap volt, azonban szignifikánsan különbözött
aszerint, hogy melyik korszakban történt a diagnózis. A 2008–2011 között
diagnosztizált betegcsoport túlélése 35, 2012–2015 között 44, 2016–2019 között
50 hónap volt; a legújabb, 2020 utáni időszak esetén a túlélés még nem érte el a
mediánt, de szignifikánsan jobb a korábbi betegcsoportokkal összevetve.
Következtetés: Vizsgálatunk alátámasztotta, hogy az új
gyógyszerek bevezetésével a várható túlélés a való életben kezelt betegek
esetében is közel megduplázódott. Ennek hátterében elsősorban az állhat, hogy a
korábbi időszakban jelentős korai halálozás (refrakteritás, szeptikus
szövődmények) a jobb terápiák hatására lecsökkent, illetve több kezelési vonal
áll rendelkezésünkre, de a myelomaspecifikus szakrendelésen alkalmazott egységes
szemlélet, a szoros monitorozás, a klinikai vizsgálatok elérhetősége és az így
összegyűlt tapasztalat szintén közrejátszhat a pozitív eredményekben. Orv Hetil.
2024; 165(39): 1539–1547.
Elülső koponyabázis-defektusok endoszkópos zárása kizárólag autológ zsírgrafttal – multicentrikus retrospektív esetsorozat
Authors: Horváth Barnabás , Illés Kata , Prohászka Z. Zita , Erőss Loránd , Nagy Gábor
Published: October 2024

Bevezetés: A subarachnoidealis tér megnyitásával is járó
endoszkópos elülső koponyaalapi műtétek során keletkezett defektusok, illetve a
rhinogen liquorfistulák zárása fontos, mivel a nyitott liquortér magában
hordozza a meningitis kialakulásának esélyét. Számos graftanyag és -technika áll
rendelkezésre e bázisdefektusok rekonstrukciójára. Célkitűzés:
Az autológ zsírral rekonstruált koponyabázis-defektusos eseteink elemzése a
műtéti sikeresség és a szövődmények tekintetében. Módszer:
2019. április és 2023. október között operált betegeink dokumentációját
retrospektív módon elemeztük. Elsődleges kimenetünk volt a posztoperatív
liquorrhoea jelenléte vagy hiánya. Eredmények: 13 beteget, 6
nőt és 7 férfit (átlagéletkor: 53,8 év [32–75 év]) vontunk be a vizsgálatba, a
következő liquorrhoeaetiológiával: spontán liquorrhoea (4 beteg), intraoperatív
iatrogen ártalom (1 beteg), encephalokele (2 beteg), hamartoma (1 beteg),
malignus tumor (5 beteg). A közepes és nagyobb defektusok mérete a posztoperatív
CT alapján 12–34 mm-nek bizonyult. Mind az 5, malignus tumor miatt operált beteg
posztoperatív sugárkezelésben részesült, átlagosan 32 hónap utánkövetés mellett
sem észleltünk recidívát. Rövid távon egy betegnél sem észleltünk liquorrhoeát,
hosszú távon is csak 1 esetben (92% sikeresség). 2 betegnél észleltünk
meningitist, egyikük tüdőgyulladásban exitált. Következtetés:
Az autológ zsírgrafttal történő rekonstrukció biztonságos és hatékony akár a
közepes és nagy elülső koponyaalapi defektusok, illetve liquorfistulák
endoszkópos zárására. Orv Hetil. 2024; 165(38): 1509–1515.
Alter-Altars
Authors: Meshel Naphtali S.
Published: October 2024

Biblical ritual texts reflect a distinction between “consumptive” fires, for the incineration of sacred materials upon an altar, and “destructive” fires, for the incineration of leftovers at a distance from the cultic center. The dichotomy is evidenced by differences in terminology, geography, and legal detail, such that the former are characterized by a high degree of ritualization, and the latter by a low degree of ritualization. Yet this dichotomy reveals an instability inherent in ritual sacrifice: offering materia sacra inevitably generates leftovers, which occupy an ambiguous place within the ritual domain—they are not offerable, but they cannot be disposed of in any which way. The texts examined here responded to this instability with a conceptual shift, whereby destructive fires assimilated many of the features that initially characterized consumptive fires. From the earliest pentateuchal priestly strata through Ezekiel, the Temple Scroll, the Epistle to the Hebrews, and beyond, the data reflect a gradual gravitation toward a new way of thinking about “destructive” fires. They were reconceptualized as mirror-images of the “consumptive” type and were modeled after them in terms of language, geography, and legal detail. From the perspective of a history of ritual, the process analyzed here is part of a larger trajectory whereby ritual residues are reconceptualized as essential components of the cult.
Colonizing Frank Moore Cross: The Dead Sea Scrolls in 1950s Popular Media
Authors: Hughes-Huff Charles
Published: October 2024

Early presentations of the Dead Sea Scrolls in popular media relied on orientalist tropes and a narrow Christian horizon to create relevance and prestige for the scrolls, which contributed to strong religious interest in them and a market for unprovenanced Dead Sea Scrolls fragments and forgeries. Such a strategy also constructed public authority for the Bible scholars working on the scrolls. This article treats the colonialist approach in the earliest popular works on the scrolls in the United States, written by Edmund Wilson, Frank Moore Cross, and Alex Small, and shows how the stories they tell set the stage for religious veneration of the scrolls and popular acclaim of the scholars.
Theorizing Laughter and Ethnicity in Philo’s Embassy to Gaius
Authors: Woodward Tommy
Published: October 2024

Philo’s Embassy to Gaius (Legat.) narrates anti-Jewish violence in Alexandria (38–41 CE) and the experiences of a Jewish embassy sent to the Roman emperor Gaius to advocate for the rights of Jews in the city. Philo repeatedly brings up laughter during key episodes, using it to characterize his figures and situations, particularly along ethnic lines. Philo suggests that Egyptians have an inherent proclivity toward derision of Jews, whereas Romans only join in this unjust mockery when they inappropriately allow Egyptians to hold influence over them. In doing so, he establishes a narrative that places the blame of the crisis in Alexandria from 38–41 CE firmly on Egyptians and Egyptianness. In this article, I take Philo as a theorist of laughter, following Eva Mroczek’s arguments for “native theory” and Mary Beard’s work on ancient laughter. Taking up Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick’s interrogation of theories as constructed tools with specific effects, I ask what Philo’s theory of laughter does for him. Ultimately, I argue that Philo’s theorization of laughter supports a specific ethnic reasoning, in Denise Kimber Buell’s language, that condemns Egyptianness while exonerating Romanness, perhaps in an attempt to endear his own Jewish community to the Romans who controlled Alexandria.
The Census in Luke 2: Using Josephus to Make Sense of Luke’s Irreconcilable Chronology
Authors: Kochenash Michael
Published: October 2024

Luke’s reference to the census administered by Quirinius presents a difficulty to historians, as it places Jesus’s birth ten years later than the synchronisms in Luke 1 and 3 indicate. Because the Lukan narratives sometimes exhibit flexibility with respect to historical chronology (e.g., Acts 5:35–37), it is possible to read the census as signaling something other than the date of Jesus’s birth. I argue that, for an audience familiar with Josephus’s treatment of Judas the Galilean in book 18 of Jewish Antiquities, the alignment of Jesus’s birth with Quirinius’s census can be understood as signaling the Lukan Jesus’s association with the destruction of Jerusalem.
STUDY OF THE DESIGN OF RAILWAY TRACKS OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES WITHIN THE AREAS OF SMOOTH TRACK EXPANSION
Authors: BEREZOVYI M. , ARBUZOV M. , KOZACHENKO D. , MALASHKIN V. , BRYTVYN O.
Published: October 2024

The goal. Railway sidings of industrial enterprises are the shippers and receivers of goods, which determine their main nomenclature for transportation by mainline rail transport. The length of railway sidings of industrial enterprises varies widely, from a few hundred meters to hundreds of kilometers, including the length of the siding of PJSC ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih exceeding 700 km. The combination of factors such as the presence of technological transportation on the sidings, the development of the industrial enterprises' transportation system over time, and the master plan of the main production facilities leads to the need to apply railway transport design standards for severe and especially severe conditions. This is mainly expressed in reducing the radii of curved track sections to the minimum possible values. When using reinforced concrete sleepers of the Sh6 type, it is possible to arrange a track gauge of 1539 mm in curved sections. But currently, there is no approved design for smooth track widening sections on reinforced concrete sleepers in front of curves with radii of less than 300 meters. There is also a reasonable need to increase the track gauge to at least 1540 mm in curves of such radii. Together with the limited service life of wooden sleepers when they are laid in areas of smooth track widening compared to reinforced concrete sleepers, this necessitates the development of a track structure on reinforced concrete sleepers within the area of smooth track widening. Methods. Methods of scientific analysis and synthesis of the track development structure, methods of analytical geometry. Results. Based on the analysis of the design of intermediate fasteners of the KB50 type, the design of a section of smooth track widening using reinforced concrete sleepers of types Sh1-1 and Sh6 and rails R50 is proposed. The track widening from 1520 to 1545 mm is achieved by developing the order of laying sleepers of different types and turning the KB50 substrates. In this case, the length of the section of smooth track widening from 1520 mm to 1545 mm is 2800 mm, and the actual deviation is 8.9‰. Practical significance. The use of the considered structure within the areas of smooth track widening, provided that the results of trial operation and testing of the established procedure are positive, will reduce the operating costs associated with the current maintenance of industrial enterprises' tracks, the parameter of which correspond to severe and especially severe design conditions.
PROBLEMS OF FREIGHT CAR FLOWS DISTRIBUTION ON RAILWAY NETWORKS
Authors: VERNYHORA R. , KOROBIOVA R. , PROKOPA O.
Published: October 2024

Purpose. The purpose of the article is a critical analysis of the existing methods of freight car flows distribution on the railway network and the determination of the directions of these methods adaptation to the operating conditions of the Ukrainian railway transport. Methodology. The research was carried out on the basis of the processing of literary sources in the scientometric databases Scopus and Google Scholar. Results. The distribution of car flows on the railway network is one of the stages of developing a plan for the trains formation. The methods of solving this problem, which are currently used in the practical work of railway transport, were developed during the time of the planned state economy. They are based on the solution of a single-criterion optimization problem aimed at finding such a distribution of car flows on the network that minimizes the cost of transportation for the railway. Reforming the railway transport market with the aim of introducing competition requires the complication of methods of solving the problem of distribution of car flows to take into account the conflicting goals of independent participants in the transport process. The conducted studies showed that the main method of modeling the structure of the railway transport network and the volumes of car flows in it is the theory of graphs; determination of the carrying capacity of elements of the railway network is carried out by the methods of the theory of railway operation, simulation modeling and correlation analysis; determination of the optimal distribution of bandwidth is carried out by comparing competing options, as well as by linear and non-linear programming methods, adaptive control methods using neural networks; the behavior of participants in the transportation process during the allocation of bandwidth is investigated by game theory methods. It has been established that in modern conditions, the task of determining the criterion of equal access to congested sections on the branched railway network and the task of distributing car flows on the network in conditions of fluctuating car flows during transportation by regular trains and trains to order require additional research. Originality. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the critical analysis and generalization of modern methods used to solve the problem of distribution freight car flows distribution on railway networks. Practical value. The practical significance of the results lies in determining the inconsistency of the methods that are practically used on the railways of Ukraine for the distribution of car flows, with the modern conditions of operation of railway transport. Scientific methods have been established that allow to improve approaches to solving the problem of rational distribution of car flows, taking into account the interests of various participants in the transportation process.