bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous Axillary Access for Placement of Microaxial Ventricular Support Devices
Authors: McCabe James M. , Kaki Amir A. , Pinto Duane S. , Kirtane Ajay J. , Nicholson William J. , Grantham J. Aaron , Wyman R. Michael , Moses Jeffery W. , Schreiber Theodore , Okoh Alexis K. , Shetty Ranjith , Lotun Kapildeo , Lombardi William , Kapur Navin K. , Tayal Raj
Published: December 2020

Background:

There has been increasing utilization of short-term mechanical circulatory support devices for a variety of clinical indications. Many patients have suboptimal iliofemoral access options or reasons why early mobilization is desirable. Axillary artery access is an option for these patients, but little is known about the utility of this approach to facilitate short-term use for circulatory support with microaxial pump devices.

Methods:

The Axillary Access Registry to Monitor Safety (ARMS) was a prospective, observational multicenter registry to study the feasibility and acute safety of mechanical circulatory support via percutaneous upper-extremity access.

Results:

One hundred and two patients were collected from 10 participating centers. Successful device implantation was 98% (100 of 102). Devices were implanted for a median of 2 days (interquartile range, 0–5 days; range, 0–35 days). Procedural complications included 10 bleeding events and 1 stroke. There were 3 patients with brachial plexus–related symptoms all consisting of C8 tingling and all arising after multiple days of support. Postprocedural access site hematoma or bleeding was noted in 9 patients. Device explantation utilized closure devices alone in 61%, stent grafts in 17%, balloon tamponade facilitated closure in 15%, and planned surgical explant in 5%. Duration of support appeared to be independently associated with a 1.1% increased odds of vascular complication per day ([95% CI, 0.0%–2.3%]
P
=0.05).

Conclusions:

Percutaneous axillary access for use with microaxial support pumps appears feasible with acceptable rates of bleeding despite early experience. Larger studies are necessary to confirm the pilot data presented here.
Effects of Evolocumab on Low‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, Non–High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, Apolipoprotein B, and Lipoprotein(a) by Race and Ethnicity: A Meta‐Analysis of Individual Participant Data From Double‐Blind and Open‐Label Extension Studies
Authors: Daviglus Martha L. , Ferdinand Keith C. , López J. Antonio G. , Wu You , Monsalvo Maria Laura , Rodriguez Carlos J.
Published: December 2020

Background

Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors and rates of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease outcomes vary across racial/ethnic groups. This analysis examined the effects of evolocumab on LDL‐C (low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol) levels and LDL‐C goals achievement by race/ethnicity.

Methods and Results

Data from 15 phase 2 and 3 studies of treatment with evolocumab versus placebo or ezetimibe were pooled (n=7669). Results were analyzed by participant clinical characteristics and by self‐identified race/ethnicity. Key outcomes included percent change from baseline in LDL‐C, achievement of LDL‐C <70 mg/dL, and LDL‐C reduction of ≥50% at 12 weeks and at 1 to 5 years. Across 12‐week studies, mean percent change in LDL‐C from baseline in evolocumab‐treated participants was −52% to −59% for White and −46% to −67% for non‐White participants, across clinical characteristics groups. LDL‐C <70 mg/dL was achieved in 43% to 84% and 62% to 94% and LDL‐C reduction of ≥50% in 63% to 78% and 58% to 86%, respectively. In 1‐ to 5‐year studies, mean percent change in LDL‐C was −46% to −52% for White and −49% to −55% for non‐White participants. LDL‐C <70 mg/dL was achieved in 53% to 84% and 66% to 77%, and LDL‐C reduction of ≥50% in 53% to 67% and 58% to 68%, respectively. The treatment effect on mean percent change in LDL‐C differed only in participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus, with a larger reduction in Asian participants. The qualitative interaction
P
values were nonsignificant, indicating consistent directionality of effect.

Conclusions

Similar reduction in LDL‐C levels with evolocumab was observed across racial/ethnic groups in 12‐week and 1‐ to 5‐year studies. Among those with diabetes mellitus, Asian participants had greater LDL‐C reduction.
Soluble Urokinase‐Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor, Changes of 24‐Hour Blood Pressure, and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Jhee Jong Hyun , Nam Bo Young , Lee Chan Joo , Park Jung Tak , Han Seung Hyeok , Kang Shin‐Wook , Park Sungha , Yoo Tae‐Hyun
Published: December 2020

Background

Soluble urokinase‐type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is associated with cardiovascular risks and poor renal outcomes. However, whether elevated suPAR levels are associated with 24‐hour blood pressure patterns or kidney disease progression in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is unclear.

Methods and Results

A total of 751 patients with CKD stage 1 to 5 were recruited from CMERC‐HI (Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Etiology Research Center–High Risk) cohort study (2013–2018). The relationship of serum suPAR levels to 24‐hour blood pressure parameters and CKD progression was analyzed. The median serum suPAR level was 1439.0 (interquartile range, 1026.2–2150.1) pg/mL, and the mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was 52.8±28.5 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
at baseline. Patients with higher suPAR levels had significantly higher levels of office, 24‐hour, daytime, and nighttime systolic blood pressure and nighttime diastolic blood pressure than those with lower suPAR levels. The highest suPAR tertile was associated with an increased risk of a reverse dipping pattern (odds ratio, 2.93; 95% CI, 1.27–6.76;
P
=0.01). During a follow‐up of 43.2 (interquartile range, 27.0–55.6) months, the CKD progression occurred in 271 (36.1%) patients. The highest suPAR tertile was significantly associated with higher risk of CKD progression than the lowest tertile (hazard ratio [HR], 2.09; 95% CI, 1.37–3.21;
P
=0.001). When the relationship was reevaluated with respect to each dipping pattern (dipper, extreme dipper, nondipper, and reverse dipper), this association was consistent only in reverse dippers in whom the risk of CKD progression increased (HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.02–2.01;
P
=0.03) with every 1‐unit increase in serum suPAR levels.

Conclusions

Elevated suPAR levels are independently associated with CKD progression, and this association is prominent in reverse dippers.
Disparities in Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes Among Pregnant and Post‐Partum Women
Authors: Gad Mohamed M. , Elgendy Islam Y. , Mahmoud Ahmed N. , Saad Anas M. , Isogai Toshiaki , Sande Mathias Isadora , Misbah Rameez Rabel , Chahine Johnny , Jneid Hani , Kapadia Samir R.
Published: December 2020

Background

The incidence of cardiovascular disease among pregnant women is rising in the United States. Data on racial disparities for the major cardiovascular events during pregnancy are limited.

Methods and Results

Pregnant and post‐partum women hospitalized from January 2007 to December 2017 were identified from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. The outcomes of interest included: in‐hospital mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, pulmonary embolism, and peripartum cardiomyopathy. Multivariate regression analysis was used to assess the independent association between race and in‐hospital outcomes. Among 46 700 637 pregnancy‐related hospitalizations, 21 663 575 (46.4%) were White, 6 302 089 (13.5%) were Black, and 8 914 065 (19.1%) were Hispanic. The trends of mortality and stroke declined significantly in Black women, but however, were mostly unchanged among White women. The incidence of mortality and cardiovascular morbidity was highest among Black women followed by White women, then Hispanic women. The majority of Blacks (62.3%) were insured by Medicaid while the majority of White patients had private insurance (61.9%). Most of Black women were below‐median income (71.2%) while over half of the White patients were above the median income (52.7%). Compared with White women, Black women had the highest mortality with adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 1.45, 95% CI (1.21–1.73); myocardial infarction with aOR of 1.23, 95% CI (1.06–1.42); stroke with aOR of 1.57, 95% CI (1.41–1.74); pulmonary embolism with aOR of 1.42, 95% CI (1.30–1.56); and peripartum cardiomyopathy with aOR of 1.71, 95 % CI (1.66–1.76).

Conclusions

Significant racial disparities exist in major cardiovascular events among pregnant and post‐partum women. Further efforts are needed to minimize these differences.
Temporal Trends and Sex Differences in Intensity of Healthcare at the End of Life in Adults With Heart Failure
Authors: Van Spall Harriette G. C. , Hill Andrea D. , Fu Longdi , Ross Heather J. , Fowler Robert A.
Published: December 2020

Background

Patients with chronic disease prefer an adequately supported death at home, but often die in the hospital. We assessed temporal trends and sex differences in healthcare intensity and location of death among decedents with heart failure.

Methods and Results

This was a retrospective cohort study of adults with heart failure who died between April 1, 2004 and March 31, 2017 in Ontario, Canada. We used population‐based administrative databases to assess healthcare utilization during the last 6 months of life and applied multilevel multivariable logistic regression to assess whether sex was independently associated with location of death. Among 396 024 decedents with heart failure, mean (SD) age was 81.8 (10.7) years, 51.5% were women, and 53.4% had in‐hospital deaths. From 2004 to 2016, there was an increase in patients receiving mechanical ventilation (15.1%–19.6%), hemodialysis (5.2%–6.8%), and cardiac revascularization (1.7%–2.3%). Relative to men, women spent fewer days in a hospital (mean, 16.4 versus 18.3; mean difference, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.7–2.0;
P
<0.001) and in an intensive care unit (mean, 2.1 versus 3.0; mean difference, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.8–0.9;
P
<0.001); and less commonly received mechanical ventilation (15.5% versus 20.8%;
P
<0.001); hemodialysis (4.8% versus 7.7%;
P
<0.001); or cardiac catheterization (2.8% versus 4.6%;
P
<0.001). Female sex was independently associated with lower odds of in‐hospital death (odds ratio, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.87–0.89). Mean (SD) 6‐month direct healthcare cost was greater for in‐hospital ($52 349 [$55 649]) than out‐of‐hospital ($35 998 [$31 900]) death.

Conclusions

Among decedents with heart failure, invasive care in the last 6 months increased in prevalence over time but was less common in women, who had lower odds of dying in a hospital.
Error in the Superior Temporal Gyrus? A Systematic Review and Activation Likelihood Estimation Meta-Analysis of Speech Production Studies
Authors: Meekings Sophie , Scott Sophie K.
Published: December 2020

Evidence for perceptual processing in models of speech production is often drawn from investigations in which the sound of a talker's voice is altered in real time to induce “errors.” Methods of acoustic manipulation vary but are assumed to engage the same neural network and psychological processes. This paper aims to review fMRI and PET studies of altered auditory feedback and assess the strength of the evidence these studies provide for a speech error correction mechanism. Studies included were functional neuroimaging studies of speech production in neurotypical adult humans, using natural speech errors or one of three predefined speech manipulation techniques (frequency altered feedback, delayed auditory feedback, and masked auditory feedback). Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria. In a systematic review, we evaluated whether each study (1) used an ecologically valid speech production task, (2) controlled for auditory activation caused by hearing the perturbation, (3) statistically controlled for multiple comparisons, and (4) measured behavioral compensation correlating with perturbation. None of the studies met all four criteria. We then conducted an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of brain coordinates from 16 studies that reported brain responses to manipulated over unmanipulated speech feedback, using the GingerALE toolbox. These foci clustered in bilateral superior temporal gyri, anterior to cortical fields typically linked to error correction. Within the limits of our analysis, we conclude that existing neuroimaging evidence is insufficient to determine whether error monitoring occurs in the posterior superior temporal gyrus regions proposed by models of speech production.
Fellatio among male sanctuary-living chimpanzees during a period of social tension
Authors: Brooker Jake S. , Webb Christine E. , Clay Zanna
Published: December 2020

Same-sex sexual behaviour has been documented across the animal kingdom, and is thought to reflect and enhance dyadic cooperation and tolerance. For instance, same-sex fellatio — the reception of a partner’s penis into another’s mouth — has been reported in several mammalian species other than humans. Although same-sex sexual behaviour is observed in our close relatives, the chimpanzees, fellatio appears to be very rare — as yet there are no published reports clearly documenting its occurrence. At Chimfunshi Wildlife Orphanage in Zambia, we observed an instance of fellatio occurring during a post-conflict period between two adult male chimpanzees (born and mother-reared at the sanctuary) where one of the males was the victim. We discuss this event with respect to the putative functions of homosexual behaviour in great apes. Given its rarity in chimpanzees, this fellatio between adult males also highlights the apparent behavioural flexibility present in our close relatives.
Minichromosome maintenance deficient 6 as a core biomarker for the identification of gynecological pan-carcinoma
Authors: Liu Ying , Gao Yongmei , Li Yan , Lin Feng , Yuan Hui , Kong Shoufang , Sun Xuan
Published: December 2020

Cervical, endometrial, and breast cancers are common diseases studied in the field of gynecology. We conducted a series of bioinformatics analyses on these different gynecological cancers. After downloading mRNA microarray data on these gynecological cancers from the TCGA database,
we applied a differential analysis. We combined the differential genes obtained from each disease sample and obtained 2,353 public differential genes (P <0.01). Through a weighted gene co-expression network analysis, we obtained five functional disorder modules, and found the essential
genes to be LHFP, DNAJC27, GIMAP4, MCM6, and AIM1L. The analysis results showed that dysfunctional genes are associated with ameoidal-type cell migration and DNA replication. We predicted the regulator using cpRNA and a pivot analysis of the transcription factors. Studies have shown that miR-21-5p
and miR-300 regulate three modules, MSC regulates m3 and m5, and YBX1 regulates m4 and m5. All are involved in the regulation of m5, and the co-regulated core gene of m5 is MCM6. We believe that MCM6 has a central regulatory role in a disease network and that MCM6 can be considered as a core
biomarker for gynecological pan-cancer.
Optical and electronic properties of croconates dye molecules adsorbed on TiO2 brookite nanocluster for dye sensitized solar cells application
Authors: Ranwaha Tshifhiwa , Elegbeleye Ife , Maluta Nnditshedzeni , Maphanga Rapela
Published: December 2020

Density functional theory simulations were employed to explore the geometric, electronic and optical properties of two croconate dye molecules adsorbed on TiO2 brookite nanocluster. The calculations were based on determination of conjugate length, absorption spectra and light
harvesting efficiency. The absorption energies, absorption spectra and electronic states of the dye-TiO2 complex were calculated using TD/DFT. The analysis of the excited state properties shows that CR1 and CR2 showed excitation around 580 nm and 680 nm respectively with a corresponding
maximum light harvesting efficiency of 66% and 33.9% for CR1 and CR2 respectively. The absorption wavelength support that the croconate dye molecules can improve the efficiency of DSSCs as they can absorb the near infrared photons which increases the absorption range of DSSCs on the solar
spectrum. The adsorption energies of CR1 and CR2 on TiO2 brookite are 3.93 eV and 5.53 eV respectively, suggesting a stable grafting of the dyes onto the surface of the semiconductor. The shifting of the absorption wavelength towards the infrared region upon adsorption gives probability
of more electron transport into the large band gap of TiO2.
Nanoparticles as void fillers in glass ionomer cement for enhanced physicomechanical properties
Authors: Assery Mansour K. A. , Alshubat Abdulrahman , Abushanan AlWaleed , Labban Nawaf , Hashem Mohamed
Published: December 2020

The study evaluated the addition of silver (Ag) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles to conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC), considering compressive strength (CS), diametral tensile strength (DTS), flexural strength (FS), and hardness. Ag and TiO2 nanoparticles
were blended into the powder of a commercially available GIC restorative material at 5% (w/w). Unblended powder was used as a control. One hundred twenty samples were prepared from two study groups and one control group (n = 10). CS, DTS, and FS were evaluated using a universal testing
machine, while hardness was measured by Vickers microhardness testing. The data obtained were analyzed using One-way analysis of variance and the Tukey?s test (p < 0.05). GIC containing Ag and TiO2 nanoparticles significantly improved the CS, DTS, and hardness compared
to the control group (p < 0.05). However, the FS was not much affected by the addition of either of the nanoparticles (p >0.05). TiO2 blended GIC demonstrated significantly higher CS (154.20+2.38) and DTS (13.2±0.5 MPa) compared to control 117.2±1.2
MPa and 7.2 ±0.8 MPa, respectively. While Blend of GIC+Ag nanoparticles showed the highest FS (29.0±0.7 MPa). Additionally, the blend of GIC+TiO2 exhibited the highest hardness (90.4±1.1 VHN). Ag and TiO2 blended GICs might guarantee their use in
occlusal or higher stress-bearing areas.
Decreased integration of the frontoparietal network during a working memory task in major depressive disorder
Authors: Tan Wenjian , Liu Zhening , Xi Chang , Deng Mengjie , Long Yicheng , Palaniyappan Lena , Yang Jie
Published: December 2020

Background:

Working memory deficits are a common feature in major depressive disorder and are associated with poor functional outcomes. Intact working memory performance requires the recruitment of large-scale brain networks. However, it is unknown how the disrupted recruitment of distributed regions belonging to these large-scale networks at the whole-brain level brings about working memory impairment seen in major depressive disorder.

Methods:

We used graph theory to examine the functional connectomic metrics (local and global efficiency) at the whole-brain and large-scale network levels in 38 patients with major depressive disorder and 41 healthy controls during a working memory task. Altered connectomic metrics were studied in a moderation model relating to clinical symptoms and working memory accuracy in patients, and a machine learning method was employed to assess whether these metrics carry enough illness-specific information to discriminate patients from controls.

Results:

Global efficiency of the frontoparietal network was reduced in major depressive disorder (false discovery rate corrected, p = 0.014); this reduction predicted worse working memory performance in patients with less severe illness burden indexed by Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (β =–0.43, p = 0.035, t =–2.2, 95% confidence interval = [–0.043,–0.002]). We achieved a classification accuracy and area under the curve of 73.42% and 0.734, respectively, to discriminate patients from controls based on connectomic metrics, and the global efficiency of the frontoparietal network contributed most to the diagnostic classification.

Conclusions:

We report a putative mechanistic link between the global efficiency of the frontoparietal network and impaired n-back performance in major depressive disorder. This relationship is more pronounced at lower levels of symptom burden, indicating the possibility of multiple pathways to cognitive deficits in severe major depressive disorder.
Parents’ Experience with the CO-OP Approach: A Consolidation of Three Qualitative Investigations
Authors: Martini Rose , Capistran Julie , Centauro Jazz , Coego Eva , Nadarajah Mayoore , Venne Josée , Zwicker Jill G.
Published: December 2020

Background.

In the cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance (CO-OP) approach, parent involvement is critical for transferring skills from therapeutic settings to everyday contexts.

Purpose.

This study aimed to gain insight into the experience of parents whose children with developmental coordination disorder participated in CO-OP intervention.

Method.

This consolidation of three small qualitative studies investigating parents’ experience involved an inductive qualitative content analysis of 10 parent interviews and 1 parent focus group.

Findings.

Four overarching themes emerged as depicting parents’ experience. Although parents recognized the improvements their children made with the intervention, they also expressed several challenges, such as incorporating CO-OP tasks into daily routines, shifting of parent–child relationship and feeling self-efficacious with the approach.

Implications.

This study highlights that parent observation of intervention sessions is not enough to support parents applying CO-OP at home. Research is needed to understand how to best engage parents in the CO-OP approach.
From Parkman to Pearson: Historical context and the transformation of Quebec’s strategic culture
Authors: Haglund David G. , Roussel Stéphane
Published: December 2020

“Strategic culture” is one of those conceptual bridges that link history with political science because, among other reasons, it reminds us of the hold that memories of past events can continue to exercise upon contemporary reality. But those memories are always subjective, sometimes downplayed to the point of nearly being forgotten altogether, at other times so overstated as to yield a highly distorted sense of the past and of its relationship to the present. This article constitutes a revisitation of contemporary Quebec strategic culture, from the perspective of historical memory. That strategic culture has of late been so strongly stamped with the impress of a “Pearsonian internationalism” that it becomes easy for analysts to confuse it with “pacifism.” Yet it has also been a strategic culture that stems from a great deal of historical amnesia. What has been effaced from the collective memory is the long period in which war was endemic in New France—the period that gives the lie to the notion of Quebeckers somehow being a “pacifistic” folk. This was the sanguinary era upon which the historian Francis Parkman focused such a large share of his prodigious intellectual energies. Only the closing act of this era seems to have escaped erasure from Quebec’s collective memory. Indeed, that act, which took place on the Plains of Abraham, has been “remembered” only too well. So well has it been recollected, in fact, that it has fostered within Quebec society the unshakable conviction that, for Quebeckers, war must always be a risky undertaking susceptible of leading to catastrophe.
Mortality at For-Profit Versus Not-For-Profit Hemodialysis Centers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Dickman Samuel , Mirza Reza , Kandi Maryam , Incze Michael A. , Dodbiba Lorin , Yameen Raad , Agarwal Arnav , Zhang Ying , Kamran Rakhshan , Couban Rachel , Guyatt Gordon , Hanna Steven
Published: December 2020

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess differences in risk-adjusted mortality rates between for-profit (FP) and not-for-profit (NFP) hemodialysis facilities. We searched 10 databases for studies published between January 2001 to December 2019 that compared mortality at private hemodialysis facilities. We included observational studies directly comparing adjusted mortality rates between FP and NFP private hemodialysis providers in any language or country. We excluded evaluations of dialysis facilities that changed their profit status, studies with overlapping data, and studies that failed to adjust for patient age and some measure of clinical severity. Pairs of reviewers independently screened all titles and abstracts and the full text of potentially eligible studies, abstracted data, and assessed risk of bias, resolving disagreement by discussion. We included nine observational studies of hemodialysis facilities representing 1,163,144 patient-years. In pooled random-effects meta-analysis, the odds ratio of mortality in FP relative to NFP facilities was 1.07 (95% CI 1.04–1.11). Patients at FP hemodialysis facilities have 7 percent greater odds of death annually than patients with similar risk profiles at NFP facilities. Approximately 3,800 excess deaths might be averted annually if U.S. FP hemodialysis operators matched NFP mortality rates.
Effect of carbon allotropes on foam formation, cure characteristics, mechanical and thermal properties of NRF/carbon composites
Authors: Charoeythornkhajhornchai Pollawat , Khamloet Wutthinun , Nungjumnong Pattharawun
Published: December 2020

Natural rubber composite foam with carbon such as carbon black (CB), carbon synthesized from durian bark (CDB), graphite (GPT), graphene oxide (GO), graphene (GPE) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) was studied in this work to investigate the relationship between foam formation during decomposition of chemical blowing agent mechanism and crosslink reaction of rubber molecules by sulphur. Natural rubber composite foam with carbon particle was set at 3 parts per hundred of rubber (phr) to observe the effect of carbon allotropes on foam formation with different microstructure and properties of natural rubber composite foam. The balancing of crosslink reaction by sulphur molecules during foam formation by the decomposition of chemical blowing agent affects the different morphology of natural rubber foam/carbon composites leading to the different mechanical and thermal properties. The result showed the fastest cure characteristics of natural rubber foam with 3 phr of graphene (NRF-GPE3) which was completely cure within 6.55 minutes (tc90) measured by moving die rheometer resulting in the smallest bubble diameter among other formulas. Moreover, natural rubber foam with 3 phr of MWCNT (NRF-MWCNT3) had the highest modulus (0.0035 ± 0.0005 N/m2) due to the small bubble size with high bulk density. In addition, natural rubber foam with 3 phr of GPT (NRF-GPT3) had the highest thermal expansion coefficient (282.12 ± 69 ppm/K) due to high amount of gas bubbles inside natural rubber foam matrix and natural rubber foam with 3 phr of GO (NRF-GO3) displayed the lowest thermal conductivity (0.0798 ± 0.0003 W/m.K) which was lower value than natural rubber foam without carbon filler (NRF). This might be caused by the effect of bubble diameter and bulk density as well as the defect on surface of graphene oxide compared to others carbon filler.
Ahmed Saadawi’s Frankenstein in Baghdad as a case study of consecration, annexation, and decontextualization in Arabic–English literary translation
Authors: Phillips Christina
Published: December 2020

Differences in culture, language, and context alter the reading experience, meaning, and textual relations of modern Arabic literature in translation, which raises questions about the relationship between the Arabic and translated canon. Drawing on Lawrence Venuti, Pascale Casanova, and Abdelfattah Kilito, I explore translation as consecration, annexation, and decontextualization in order to illustrate the issues involved in Arabic–English literary travel and to move the scholarly debate on Arabic–English translation beyond questions of strategy and domestication. Through textual and paratextual analysis of the English translation of Ahmed Saadawi’s Frankenstein in Baghdad (2013/2018), I show how even a highly translatable modern Arabic text undergoes multiple semantic and symbolic shifts as it transfers into English. Bringing these findings together with observations on the wider Arabic literary translation environment, I argue that modern Arabic literature in translation is its own canon, deserving of independent study, whose hybridity can teach us much about the dynamics of cultural encounter, effects of literary capital, and the discursive and semantic disjunctions between English and Arabic culture and literature.
Disruptive Innovation in Dentistry: What It Is and What Could Be Next
Authors: Joda T. , Yeung A.W.K. , Hung K. , Zitzmann N.U. , Bornstein M.M.
Published: December 2020

Dentistry is a technically oriented profession, and the health care sector is significantly influenced by the ubiquitous trend of digitalization. Some of these digital developments have the potential to result in disruptive changes for dental practice, while others may turn out to be just a pipedream. This Discovery! essay focuses on innovations built on artificial intelligence (AI) as the center-technology influencing 1) dental eHealth data management, 2) clinical and technical health care applications, and 3) services and operations. AI systems enable personalized dental medicine workflows by analyzing all eHealth data gathered from an individual patient. Besides dental-specific data, this also includes genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic information and therefore facilitates optimized and personalized treatment strategies and risk management. Based on the power of AI, the triangular frame of “data”/“health care”/“service” is supplemented by technological advancements in the field of social media, Internet of things, augmented and virtual reality, rapid prototyping, and intraoral optical scanning as well as teledentistry. Innovation continues to be critical to tackle dental problems until its routine implementation based on sound scientific evidence. Novel technologies must be viewed critically in relation to the cost-benefit ratio and the ethical implications of a misleading diagnosis or treatment produced by AI algorithms. Highly sensitive eHealth data must be handled responsibly to enable the immense benefits of these technologies to be realized for society. The focus on patient-centered research and the development of personalized dental medicine have the potential to improve individual and public health, as well as clarify the interconnectivity of disease in a more cost-effective way.
Examining the Racial Dynamic of the Victim-offender Dyad in Homicide-suicide: Does Intraracial Homicide Encourage Perpetrator Suicide?
Authors: Zimmerman Gregory M. , Fridel Emma E. , Gerdes Madison
Published: December 2020

Objectives:

Compared to homicide-only, homicide-suicide is understudied in the criminological literature. This study investigates the victim-offender relationship—one of the most well-established correlates of homicide-suicide—from a new angle. In addition to examining the familiarity/closeness of the victim-offender relationship, this study investigates whether the racial composition (interracial versus intraracial) of the victim-offender dyad impacts the likelihood of committing suicide following homicide.

Method:

This study uses data on 26,858 homicide and homicide-suicide cases distributed across 3,178 places and 45 U.S. states from the National Violent Death Reporting System appended to information from the American Community Survey. Hierarchical logistic regression models examine the independent and joint contribution of: (1) the familiarity/closeness of the victim-offender relationship; and (2) the racial composition of the victim-offender dyad on homicide-suicide.

Results:

Killing familiar and same-race victims independently increase the odds of suicide following homicide; additionally, the odds of suicide following homicide are highest for offenders with both familiar and same-race victims.

Conclusions:

The findings suggest that homicide-suicide research should account for different aspects of the victim-offender relationship. Additionally, the importance of race/ethnicity extends to even the rarest of crimes.
Predictive Factors of Depression Among Relatives of Brain-Dead Persons: A Descriptive Correlational Study
Authors: Amini Kourosh , Rahmani Mahnaz , Asgari Masoumeh , Fallah Ramazan
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to determine the predictive factors of depression among relatives of person deceased by brain death. In this study, 106 first-degree relatives of people who died of due to brain death were studied. Of the study units, 72.64% had levels of depression (severe, moderate, and mild). Among the dependent variables concerning deceased person, age and gender of the deceased were significantly correlated with the depression of their relatives. Among the variables concerning relatives, low level of education, unemployment and time elapsed after brain death have significant role in the incidence or prediction of their depression (p < 0.05). The results indicated a high prevalence of depression among relatives of men aged 30–50 who died because of brain death. It is recommended to consider this fact in planning to care relatives, especially among the low-educated, the unemployed and experiencing the first year of death, of people deceased by brain death.
Multimodal Second-Language Communication: Research Findings and Pedagogical Implications
Authors: Hardison Debra M , Pennington Martha C
Published: December 2020

This article reviews research findings involving visual input in speech processing in the form of facial cues and co-speech gestures for second-language (L2) learners, and provides pedagogical implications for the teaching of listening and speaking. It traces the foundations of auditory–visual speech research and explores the role of a speaker’s facial cues in L2 perception training and of gestural cues in listening comprehension. There is a strong role for pedagogy to maximize the salience of multimodal cues for L2 learners. Visible articulatory gestures that precede the acoustic signal and the preparation phase of a hand gesture that precedes the acoustic onset of a word provide a priming effect on perceivers’ attention to signal upcoming information and facilitate processing, and visible gestures that co-occur with speech aid ongoing processing and comprehension. L2 learners benefit from an awareness of these visual cues and exposure to input.
Is post-apartheid South Africa training more black African clinical psychologists and addressing the historical imbalance?
Authors: Pillay Anthony L , Nyandeni Londiwe N
Published: December 2020

The history of clinical psychology training in South Africa shows it to have the same racist past as all other aspects of life in the country. With the inception of democracy in 1994, it had been expected that more black African clinical psychologists will be trained in an effort to correct the serious imbalance created by apartheid. This study is a follow-up of earlier research into improvements during the first 12 years post-apartheid. In the present investigation, the licencing register of the Health Professions Council of South Africa was examined for the next 12-year period (2007–2018) to ascertain the number of black Africans trained as clinical psychologists, and the universities that had provided the training. The findings showed no real change in the number trained from the previous period. Of the 2883 clinical psychologists licensed in the study period only 426 (14.8%) were black African, despite this group constituting 80.7% of the South African population.
Role of involvement in bullying as predictor for hospital-treated assault exposures among former adolescent psychiatric inpatients
Authors: Oulasmaa Lauri E , Riipinen Pirkko K , Hakko Helinä H , Riala Kaisa R
Published: December 2020

Objective

Bullying is a common problem among children and adolescents. Previous studies have investigated the associations between involvement in bullying and various psychosocial and mental health outcomes thoroughly. However, only few studies have focused on the association between bullying and exposure to assaults. This study investigated whether the likelihood for severe assault exposure varies among three subgroups of bullying behavior: bullies/bully-victims, victims of bullying, and those not involved in bullying.

Method

The study population consisted of 508 adolescents (208 boys, 300 girls) aged between 13 and 17 years (mean age 15.5 years), admitted for psychiatric inpatient treatment between the years 2001–2006. Adolescents were interviewed at index hospitalization using semi-structured interview, K-SADS-PL, to assess DSM-IV based adolescent psychiatric disorders, and to obtain information on bullying behavior. Treatment episodes for assault incidents were obtained from the Finnish National Care Register for Health Care covering the entire-life of the study participants up to end of year 2016.

Results

14.4% (n = 73) of the study participants had experienced severe physical or sexual assault leading to hospital treatment during their lifetime. Results of Cox regression analysis showed that girl bullies/bully-victims had nearly threefold increased likelihood for later assault exposure.

Conclusions

Since bullying behavior in childhood and adolescence is a significant predictor for later exposure to severe assault in girls, it should be paid attention to and intervened as early as possible. Moreover, psychosocial risk factors should be taken into account considering those in hospital treatment for severe assault exposure.
And Still I Rise: Resilience Factors Contributing to Posttraumatic Growth in African American Women
Authors: Mushonga Dawnsha R. , Rasheem Shvilla , Anderson Darlene
Published: December 2020

Understanding the impact of trauma and resilience has long been of interest to mental health professionals everywhere. However, what is missing in the literature is the unique standpoint of African American women who are often trapped in a traumatic cycle of poverty and intimate partner violence (IPV). Therefore, the purpose of this qualitative study was to understand the lived experiences of African American women surviving IPV and examine resilience factors that may contribute to the development of posttraumatic growth (PTG). Semistructured interviews were conducted with eight African American women survivors of IPV. Thematic analysis revealed six themes that were relative to the development of PTG: spirituality, motherhood, gratitude, prudence, solitude, and selective attention. The emergent themes in this study present the counter narrative of African American women who see both adaptive and maladaptive mechanisms as viable contributors of PTG. This study informs practitioners about various strategies used by economically disadvantaged African American women survivors that may contribute to PTG following traumatic experiences, such as IPV.
Otological IgG4-Related Disease With Inner Ear Involvement: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Ren Qinzhan , Su Jinfei , Zhang Daoxing , Ding Xiuyong
Published: December 2020

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a chronic inflammatory disease involving multiple organs. Some studies have reported otological manifestations of IgG4-RD, although most studies describe involvement of the middle ear, and reports on inner ear manifestations are limited. Here, we describe a case of a 30-year-old man with IgG4-RD involving the inner ear. This case demonstrated that IgG4-RD affected the inner ear and caused cochlear ossification. Cochlear implants may be considered for milder cases, and hormone and immunosuppressive therapy may control disease progression.
Defusing moral panic: Legitimizing binge-watching as manageable, high-quality, middle-class hedonism
Authors: De Keere Kobe , Thunnissen Estrelle , Kuipers Giselinde
Published: December 2020

The rise of video-on-demand streaming services has facilitated more intensive television watching. When novel consumption behaviors emerge, cultural intermediaries may be mobilized to make sense of it and potentially legitimize it. This often takes place by raising moral panic, as it draws attention to new cultural practices and asks tastemakers to take a stance. The current study takes “binge-watching” as a discursive anchor point to investigate this process. We argue that moral panic is not only a strategy that can be employed to condemn cultural practices, but by deflecting moral concerns through mechanisms of social distinction, it can also allow intermediaries to normalize new cultural phenomena. Through inductive and deductive coding of U.S. news articles on binge-watching (n: 681), we discern three pathways through which intensive video-on-demand watching is reframed: first, the shows that are binge-watched are high quality; second, binge-watching can be controlled, at least by the right type of audiences; and third, binge-watching is fun, in that if undertaken in moderation, it can be good for viewers. All three pathways resonate strongly with new middle-class dispositions. This study shows how the legitimization of new cultural boundaries demands an interplay between social distinction and moralization.
Lessons From the Social Innovation Fund: A Tested Evaluation Technical Assistance Approach to Strengthening Evaluation Practice and Building a Body of Evidence
Authors: Zandniapour Lily , Hyde Mary
Published: December 2020

The Social Innovation Fund (SIF), a program of the Corporation for National and Community Service that received funding from 2010 to 2016, is one of a set of tiered evidence initiatives that was designed and implemented at the federal level during President Obama’s administration. The key objectives of the initiative were to (1) invest in promising interventions that address social and community challenges and grow their impact and (2) invest in evaluation and capacity building in order to support the development and use of rigorous evidence to measure the effectiveness of each funded intervention (i.e., to “move the evidence needle”) and inform decision making. The SIF proved successful in strengthening and sustaining the capacity of its implementing partners to conduct rigorous evaluations when put through a robust impact evaluation of its own at the national level. It has also spurred high-quality local evaluations that are building knowledge and a body of evidence across the supported program models to inform practice. The SIF’s evaluation technical assistance program was critical to its success, and as such, its design and approach holds interesting lessons for the larger field. This article discusses the structure and key features of the SIF as a grant making model, its evaluation requirements, and embedded approach and process for evaluation capacity building and the delivery of technical assistance, the tools and resources that it generated to support its goals, the evidence supporting its success, and how those lessons can inform other organizations and initiatives.
Spirituality and Quality of Life among Parents of Adolescents with Spina Bifida
Authors: Taha Asma A. , Eisen Aaron M. , Abdul-Rahman Hana Q. , Abdul-Rahman Tariq Q. , La Stacey , Hanes Douglas , Zouros Alexander
Published: December 2020

In this investigational cross-sectional study, we explored the relationships among caregiver burden, depressive symptoms, spirituality, and quality of life (QOL) in 58 parental caregivers of adolescents with spina bifida (SB). A hierarchical linear regression analysis provided evidence that depressive symptoms and caregiver burden were negatively related to QOL scores, but spirituality was positively related. We found a significant interaction between caregiver burden and spirituality, suggesting that spirituality moderates the relationship between caregiver burden and quality of life. The negative effect of caregiver burden on QOL decreased as spirituality increased. These results warrant further research into how caregiver burden and spirituality intersect and impact QOL in parental caregivers of adolescents with SB.
A modified Piehler technique for aberrant origin of left coronary arteries
Authors: Nakamae Kosuke , Oshitomi Takashi , Murata Hidetaka , Uesugi Hideyuki
Published: December 2020

A bicuspid aortic valve sometimes coincides with a sinus of Valsalva aneurysm having a coronary artery anomaly. A meticulous aortic root replacement strategy is needed in these cases. In a 64-year-old man, the left coronary arteries (LCA) with an aberrant origin were excised together and reattached to the side hole of a valved conduit via a short Dacron graft. To prevent the formation of an aneurysm at the site, a strip of Dacron graft was sutured from outside between the LCA. The procedure for aortic root replacement with a coronary anomaly needs a case-by-case surgical strategy.
Book review: Sonia Zaman Khan, The Politics and Law of Democratic Transition: Caretaker Government in Bangladesh
Authors: Ranjan Amit
Published: December 2020

Sonia Zaman Khan, The Politics and Law of Democratic Transition: Caretaker Government in Bangladesh (London, Routledge 2018), xv + 260 pp.
Book review: Radhika Mongia, Indian Migration and Empire: A Colonial Genealogy of the Modern State
Authors: Abraham Santhosh
Published: December 2020

Radhika Mongia, Indian Migration and Empire: A Colonial Genealogy of the Modern State (Durham: Durham University Press, 2018), xi + 248 pp.
Declarations of Dependence: On the Constitution of the Anthropocene
Authors: Enroth Henrik
Published: December 2020

As the gravity of anthropogenic climate change is dawning on humanity, essential political aspects of the climatic situation remain unexplored. This article argues that our entering the Anthropocene amounts to a constitutive moment: a moment in which new principles of coexistence are being declared. Drawing on, as well as critically engaging with, the work of Bruno Latour and Hannah Arendt, I introduce and explicate the metaphor declarations of dependence to make sense of what scientists, activists, academics and journalists are doing, in political terms, when they announce the Anthropocene. Theoretically as well as practically, this metaphor opens for a more helpful understanding of the fraught relationship between science and the public on the issue of anthropogenic climate change. I end by considering the possibility that this metaphor, literally construed, can help us make today the first day in the rest of our lives in the Anthropocene.
Probation officers’ discretionary decisions in responding to probation violations: The case of Lithuania
Authors: Nikartas Simonas , Vaičiūnienė Rūta , Rinkevičiūtė Gintarė
Published: December 2020

This paper investigates Lithuanian probation officers’ discretionary decisions on probation violations under strict legal regulation. Based on a quantitative survey, this paper analyses hypothetical discretionary decisions according to the type of violation committed by the probationer. The relationship between discretionary decisions and variables such as the probationer’s risk level and sociodemographic characteristics are also analysed. The study revealed that, despite strict legal regulations, which generally require severe action for probation violations, probation officers tend to make more lenient decisions. The study also found that violation type, offender risk level, and probation officer’s age are potential predictors of discretionary decisions.