bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ureidoglycolate Synthetase of
Streptococcus allantoicus
II. Properties of the Enzyme and Reaction Equilibrium
Authors: Gaudy Elizabeth T. , Wolfe R. S.
Published: January 2020

Gaudy, Elizabeth
T. (University of Illinois, Urbana),
and R. S. Wolfe
. Ureidoglycolate synthetase of
Streptococcus allantoicus
. II. Properties of the enzyme and reaction equilibrium. J. Bacteriol.
90:
1531–1536. 1965.—The properties of ureidoglycolate synthetase from
Streptococcus allantoicus
grown on allantoin were studied, by use of the purified enzyme preparation and crystalline sodium ureidoglycolate. Ureidoglycolate synthetase activity was maximal over the
p
H range of 8.4 to 8.8. No cofactors were required for the reaction. Enzyme activity was inhibited by
p
-chloromercuribenzoate at relatively high concentrations, by Hg
++
or Zn
++
ions, and to a lesser extent by several other metal cations. The maximal velocity for the purified ureidoglycolate synthetase, determined graphically from a Lineweaver-Burk plot, was 220 μmoles of glyoxylate formed per min per mg of protein. The substrate concentration required for half-maximal velocity was 3.3 × 10
−2
m
. The equilibrium constant for the synthesis of ureidoglycolate was determined in a series of reaction mixtures covering a wide range of initial concentrations of reactants. The position of the equilibrium was not affected by a change in
p
H or by the presence of enzyme. The equilibrium constant for the reaction in the direction of synthesis was 7.6, corresponding to a negative free energy change of 1,230 cal per mole.
Modification of Radiation Damage of Bacteria by Folic Acid Antagonists
Authors: Pittillo Robert F. , Lucas Mary , Blackwell Robert T. , Woolley Carolyn
Published: January 2020

Pittillo, Robert F
. (Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Ala.),
Mary Lucas, Robert T. Blackwell, and Carolyn Woolley
. Modification of radiation damage of bacteria by folic acid antagonists. J. Bacteriol.
90:
1548–1551. 1965.—The folic acid analogues, 2,4-diamino-6-methylpteridine, amethopterin, and aminopterin, have been found to sensitize certain bacteria, especially
Escherichia coli
, to the lethal action of ionizing irradiation. Data are presented which indicate that (i) the compounds must be present during the irradiation period for maximal sensitization to be observed, (ii) the sensitizing effect can be nullified by cysteine or cysteamine, (iii) the sensitizing effect occurs in a number of diverse bacterial genera, and (iv) folic acid neither sensitizes bacteria to irradiation nor prevents the sensitization caused by these antifolic agents.
Protein Turnover in
Escherichia coli
as Measured with an Equilibration Apparatus
Authors: Levine Elliot M.
Published: January 2020

Levine, Elliot
M. (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.). Protein turnover in
Escherichia coli
as measured with an equilibration apparatus. J. Bacteriol.
90:
1578–1588. 1965.—Intercellular protein turnover (the reutilization by one cell of amino acids derived from the protein of another cell) occurs at a rate of 0.16 to 0.18% per hour in nongrowing cultures of
Escherichia coli
, as determined in an apparatus that rapidly equilibrates the culture fluids of two separated bacterial suspensions.
Identity of the Filterable Hemolytic Anemia Agent of Sacks with
Haemobartonella muris
Authors: Moore D. H. , Arison R. N. , Tanaka H. , Hall W. T. , Chanowitz M.
Published: January 2020

Moore
, D. H. (The Rockefeller University, New York, N. Y.), R. N.
Arison, H. Tanaka, W. T. Hall, and M. Chanowitz
. Identity of the filterable hemolytic anemia agent of Sacks with
Haemobartonella muris
. J. Bacteriol.
90:
1669–1674. 1965.—In 1960 a new hemolytic agent in rats was reported. It was thought to be a filterable, nonsedimentable, replicating infectious agent, different from
Haemobartonella muris
. Rats which recovered from the infection developed a resistance to several kinds of transplantable tumors. It is here shown that this agent has the same properties as those reported in the literature and reconfirmed by us for
H. muris
. The size of the agent is approximately 500 mμ as determined by correlating bioactivity with Gradocol membrane filtrates and fractions from a diffusion cell, and its density is about midway between that of whole serum and distilled water (approximately 1.020) as determined by the sedimentation of bioactivity in an ultracentrifuge. Diffusion at 30 C indicated a lack of motility by the agent bodies. Rats were found to be protected against infection with the agent by daily administration of chlortetracycline and by prior infection with
H. muris
. The agent bodies were indistinguishable from
H. muris
in both the light and the electron microscope.
Slow Motile Mutant in
Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Enomoto Masatoshi
Published: January 2020

Enomoto, Masatoshi
(National Institute of Genetics, Misima, Japan). Slow motile mutant in
Salmonella typhimurium
. J. Bacteriol.
90:
1696–1702. 1965.—A slow motile mutant, SJ399, was isolated from a wild-type strain of
Salmonella typhimurium
TM2. The mutant was as motile as the wild type in broth culture at 37 C. However, on semisolid medium it produced a much narrower swarming band than TM2. The motility of this mutant was hindered by the viscosity of semisolid medium. H antigenicity and morphological characters of flagella of the mutant were the same as those of the wild type. The motility phage, chi, responded differently to SJ399 and the wild type. Plaques of SJ399 were small and cloudy, whereas on the wild type they were large and clear. The efficiency of plating on SJ399 was 0.36 as compared with 1 with the wild type. Stained preparations revealed that the mutant had about one-third the number of flagella of the wild type. The reduction of the number of flagella also was ascertained by biochemical measurement of flagellar protein which was purified after deflagellation from cells. The content of flagellin in SJ399 was about 32% of that of the wild type. Phage P22-mediated transductions from SJ399 to nonflagellated (
fla
−
) and paralyzed (
mot
−
) mutants showed that the mutant SJ399 complements seven
fla
−
and three
mot
−
strains which are representative mutants of flagellation and motility cistrons, respectively. The mutation site of SJ399 was cotransduced with both
motA
and
B
cistrons. The two point cross tests between SJ399 and
mot
mutants revealed that the mutation site of SJ399 is located in the
motB
cistron. The insertion of the genetic region containing the mutation site of SJ399 to the
motB
cistron is discussed in relation to intracistronic complementation.
Autoradiographic Study on Sheeppox Virus Infection
Authors: Terrinha António M. , Vigário José D. , Petisca José L. Nunes , Nunes J. Moura , Bastos Armando L.
Published: January 2020

Terrinha, António
M. (National Laboratory for Veterinary Research, Lisbon, Portugal),
José D. Vigário, José L. Nunes Petisca, J. Moura Nunes, and Armando L. Bastos
. Autoradiographic study on sheeppox virus infection. J. Bacteriol.
90:
1703–1709. 1965.—An autoradiographic study of sheep embryo cell cultures infected with sheeppox virus showed that viral deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis starts at 10 to 11 hr after infection. The number of cells which supported viral DNA synthesis increased until 22 to 23 hr. The extent of cytoplasmic continuity between cells might permit the cell-to-cell transfer of mature virus or perhaps viral DNA. There is evidence of an inhibitory action on cellular DNA synthesis in cells which supported viral DNA synthesis, but, in all cellular populations infected, a small proportion of cells was encountered which supported viral DNA synthesis in compartment S. No evidence for cellular division of sheeppox virus-infected cells has been found. Enzymatic digestion by deoxyribonuclease combined with autoradiography provided an indirect demonstration of the time at which the first viral structural proteins were found to be synthesized, that is, 18 hr after infection. A progressive increase in synthesis of viral structural proteins was demonstrated. Virus maturation occurred within the cells in the cytoplasm, predominantly in the same sites as viral DNA synthesis.
Arginine Metabolism in
Halobacterium salinarium
, an Obligately Halophilic Bacterium
Authors: Dundas Ian E. D. , Halvorson H. Orin
Published: January 2020

Dundas, Ian
E. D. (University of Illinois, Urbana),
and H. Orin Halvorson
. Arginine metabolism in
Halobacterium salinarium
, an obligately halophilic bacterium. J. Bacteriol.
91:
113–119. 1966.—Arginine was shown to be essential for growth of
Halobacterium salinarium
strain 1 in a chemically defined medium. Citrulline was the only compound which could substitute for arginine without affecting growth. Resting cells of
H. salinarium
converted arginine to citrulline and citrulline to ornithine. Cells grown in an arginine-free medium with C
14
-ureido-labeled citrulline incorporated the isotope mainly into the arginine of their proteins. The enzymes arginine desimidase and ornithine transcarbamylase were found and studied in cell-free extracts of
H. salinarium
. Experiments indicated that arginine was degraded in
H. salinarium
by arginine desimidase to citrulline, and that citrulline was further degraded by ornithine transcarbamylase to carbamyl phosphate and ornithine. Synthesis of arginine from citrulline seems to occur via the formation of argininosuccinic acid.
Properties and Distribution of Intracellular Putrescine in a
Pseudomonas
Authors: Kim Ki-Han
Published: January 2020

Kim, Ki-Han
(Wayne State University, Detroit, Mich.). Properties and distribution of intracellular putrescine in a
Pseudomonas
. J. Bacteriol.
91:
193–197. 1966.—A
Pseudomonas
species which contains putrescine as the only intracellular polyamine was used to study the distribution of putrescine in the cells and the changes in putrescine content upon nitrogen or carbon and nitrogen starvation. In the cell-free extract, approximately 80 to 90% of the putrescine was found in the soluble fraction, and the rest was found in the ribosomal fraction; 50% of the putrescine could be removed from the cells by nitrogen starvation. Putrescine content in the ribosomes prepared from nitrogen-starved cells was about one-half of that in the unstarved cells. Putrescine was found in both 30
S
and 50
S
ribosomal particles. In the presence of 10
−3
m
Mg
++
, the ribosomal particles did not exchange bound putrescine for free putrescine, but did incorporate free spermine from the medium. Cells grown on glucose-NH
3
medium contained large amounts of acetyl putrescine. Cells grown on putrescine contained negligible amounts of acetyl putrescine, but readily formed acetyl putrescine when subjected to starvation.
Immunofluorescence of Green Monkey Kidney Cells Infected with Adenovirus 12 and with Adenovirus 12 Plus Simian Virus 40
Authors: Malmgren Richard A. , Rabson Alan S. , Carney Paula G. , Paul Frances J.
Published: January 2020

Malmgren, Richard
A. (National Cancer Institute; Bethesda, Md.),
Alan S. Rabson, Paula G. Carney, and Frances J. Paul
. Immunofluorescence of green monkey kidney cells infected with adenovirus 12 and with adenovirus 12 plus simian virus 40. J. Bacteriol.
91:
262–265. 1966.—Immunofluorescence studies of the viral antigens and tumor (T) antigens of adenovirus 12 and simian virus 40 (SV40) in green monkey kidney (GMK) cells infected with adenovirus 12 alone or in combination with the SV40 virus showed that the adenovirus 12 viral antigen was produced in detectable amounts only in the cells infected with both viruses. The adenovirus 12 T antigen, on the other hand, was formed in the GMK cells infected with the adenovirus 12 only. This antigen was formed as early as 18 hr after viral infection, and persisted for at least 48 hr after virus infection. There was a correlation between the appearance of the immunofluorescent T antigen in the nucleus and the electron microscope appearance of “nuclear stippling,” which developed in the nuclei of GMK cells after infection with adenovirus 12 only, as well as after infection with both viruses.
Cyst Formation and Poly-β-Hydroxybutyric Acid Accumulation in
Azotobacter
Authors: Stevenson L. H. , Socolofsky M. D.
Published: January 2020

Stevenson
, L. H. (Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge),
and
M. D.
Socolofsky
. Cyst formation and poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid accumulation in
Azotobacter
. J. Bacteriol.
91:
304–310. 1966.—The relationship between cyst formation and the accumulation of poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB) in
Azotobacter vinelandii
(
A. agilis
) was investigated. After various periods of growth, the cells were harvested, and the amount of PHB and the extent of encystment were determined. The polymer content of the cells increased sharply and reached a maximum on the 2nd day of growth followed by a gradual decline as the culture aged. At maximal accumulation, the PHB content was 35% of the dry weight, and the PHB-nitrogen ratio was 11:1. Those substrates promoting the highest polymer content (glucose, butanol) also promoted 95 to 100% encystment. Manipulation of the carbon and nitrogen supply in the medium indicated that both the maximal PHB content and the extent of cyst formation could be controlled. A direct correlation was noted between the amount of polymer accumulated and the percentage of cysts formed, indicating a possible role of PHB as a carbon or energy source, or both, for the encystment process.
Effect of Mixed Culture on
Nitrosomonas europaea
Simulated by Uptake and Utilization of Pyruvate
Authors: Clark Connie , Schmidt E. L.
Published: January 2020

Clark, Connie
(University of Minnesota, Minneapolis),
and E. L. Schmidt
. Effect of mixed culture on
Nitrosomonas europaea
simulated by uptake and utilization of pyruvate. J. Bacteriol.
91:
367–373. 1966.—Contamination of a 5-liter culture of
Nitrosomonas europaea
resulted in enhanced nitrite formation as compared with pure cultures. The dominant contaminant, a yellow-pigmented, heterotrophic bacterium, was isolated and studied both in pure culture and in deliberate mixture with
N. europaea
. Growth of
N. europaea
was stimulated in mixed cultures with the heterotrophic isolate to varying degrees, apparently depending on the age and density of autotrophic inocula. Mixed culture stimulation of
N. europaea
was evidenced only by a shortened lag phase, since post-lag phase growth of the autotroph was equivalent in both pure and mixed cultures. The heterotrophic component had a nutritional requirement for amino acids when grown on simple media; presumably, in the mixed culture system, the heterotroph was provided with amino acids synthesized by the autotroph. The mixed culture effect was reproduced in all essential features by the addition of sodium pyruvate to the nitrification medium. Pure cultures of
N. europaea
were shown to incorporate sodium pyruvate-
2-C
14
during growth. Labeled carbon was widely distributed in cell fractions. The more pronounced and consistent pyruvate effect was observed on old inocula of
N. europaea
.
Cell Wall Lipopolysaccharides from
Xanthomonas
Species
Authors: Volk Wesley A.
Published: January 2020

Volk, Wesley
A. (University of Virginia, Charlottesville). Cell wall lipopolysaccharides from
Xanthomonas
species. J. Bacteriol.
91:
39–42. 1966.—The lipopolysaccharides from 20 species of
Xanthomonas
were extracted and purified. Biological studies suggest that these lipopolysaccharides are analogous to the endotoxins extracted from enteric organisms, as judged by their mouse lethality and their ability to provoke the local Shwartzman reaction in rabbits. Studies on the composition of the polysaccharides revealed that all contained uronic acid, glucose, mannose, and a compound apparently identical to the 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate previously described in enteric organisms. The polysaccharide also contains organic phosphate, and additional carbohydrates such as rhamnose, xylose, fucose, and galactose are found in some, but not all, species. In contrast to the composition of the enteric lipopolysaccharides, heptose was not found in any of the lipopolysaccharides of the
Xanthomonas
species studied.
Dipicolinic Acid Synthesis in
Penicillium citreo-viride
Authors: Hodson Phillip H. , Foster J. W.
Published: January 2020

Hodson, Phillip
H. (University of Texas, Austin),
and J. W. Foster
. Dipicolinic acid synthesis in
Penicillium citreo-viride
. J. Bacteriol.
91:
562–569. 1966.—Dipicolinic acid (DPA) accumulation in culture filtrates of the mold
Penicillium citreo-viride
was studied in surface and submerged cultures. Good DPA yields were obtained in suspensions of washed, submerged mycelium in the presence of a carbon and a nitrogen source but in the absence of other minerals essential for growth. Fumaric acid was the only other acid formed in significant amounts. Glucose and glycerol were superior to various salts of organic acids as carbon sources, and certain amino acids were excellent nitrogen sources.
l
-Leucine,
l
-norvaline,
l
-tyrosine, and
l
-histidine were superior to urea, NH
4
Cl, or NaNO
3
as nitrogen precursors for DPA production.
d
-Norvaline was useless for DPA production. Glycerol-
2-C
14
and -
1-C
14
, C
14
O
2
, and
l
-leucine-
C
14
,
l
-tyrosine-
C
14
, and
l
-histidine-
C
14
were tested as precursors in conjunction with suitable carbon and nitrogen sources. The DPA was decarboxylated chemically, and the distribution of C
14
was determined in the pyridine-C and in the carboxyl-C. The data are consistent with Martin and Foster's suggestion for bacteria that the DPA molecule is formed by a condensation of C
3
plus C
4
precursors, the resulting 2-keto, 6-aminopimelic acid derivate undergoing ring closure to form a heterocyclic precursor of DPA. The C
14
O
2
experiments indicate that oxaloacetate is formed by β-carboxylation of pyruvate, this in turn probably becoming aspartic acid β-semialdehyde, the C
4
compound which condenses with a second pyruvate. The enhancement of DPA formation by
l
-norvaline,
l
-leucine, and
l
-histidine is not ascribable to their functioning either as a source of nitrogen or carbon.
l
-Tyrosine, in a glycerol medium, contributed nearly 40% of the DPA carbon. The mechanism of biosynthesis of C
7
straight-chain and cyclic compounds is discussed.
Generation of Reducing Power in Chemosynthesis III. Energy-Linked Reduction of Pyridine Nucleotides in
Thiobacillus novellus
Authors: Aleem M. I. H.
Published: January 2020

Aleem, M. I. H.
(Research Institute for Advanced Studies, Baltimore, Md.). Generation of reducing power in chemosynthesis. III. Energy-linked reduction of pyridine nucleotides in
Thiobacillus novellus
. J. Bacteriol.
91:
729–736. 1966.—Cell-free extracts from
Thiobacillus novellus
. catalyzed an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent reduction of pyridine nucleotides anaerobically, or aerobically when the respiratory chain was inhibited by azide. The exogenous electron donor employed for the reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) was thiosulfate, formate, or mammalian ferrocytochrome
c
. In the latter case, the oxidation of ferrocytochrome
c
was observed with the concomitant reduction of the pyridine nucleotide. Values calculated for the molar ratios of ATP utilized-NADP reduced and of cytochrome
c
oxidized-NADP reduced were 1:1 and 2:1, respectively. The energy-dependent reduction of the pyridine nucleotides was inhibited by Atabrine or amytal and by low concentrations of the uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation such as 2,4-dinitrophenol and carbonyl cyanide
m
-chlorophenyl hydrazone. Evidence is presented showing that the reduced pyridine nucleotides are essential for providing the reducing power for the energy-dependent reduction of carbon dioxide in
T. novellus
.
Contribution of transgender sex workers to the complexity of the HIV-1 epidemic in the metropolitan area of Milan
Authors: Lai Alessia , Bergna Annalisa , Simonetti Francesco Roberto , Franzetti Marco , Bozzi Giorgio , Micheli Valeria , Atzori Chiara , Ridolfo Annalisa , Zehender Gianguglielmo , Ciccozzi Massimo , Galli Massimo , Balotta Claudia
Published: January 2020

Objectives

Transgender people are disproportionately affected by the HIV-1 epidemic. We evaluated the origin of HIV-1 variants carried by South American transgenders living in Milan by combining accurate phylogenetic methods and epidemiological data.

Methods

We collected 156 HIV-1
pol
sequences obtained from transgender patients engaged in sex work (TSWs) followed between 1999 and 2015 at L. Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted by HIV-TRACE, MrBayes, MacClade and Beast programs. Reference sequences were retrieved from Los Alamos and local databases. Last negative testing or proxy data from clinical records of infected individuals were used to investigate the country of infection.

Results

Among South American TSWs, the most represented HIV-1 subtypes were B (70.5%), F1 (12.8%) and C (4.4%). Gene flow migrations of B subtype indicated significant fluxes from TSWs to Italians (21.3%) belonging to all risk groups (26.4% to heterosexuals (HEs), 18.9% to men who have sex with men (MSM), 15.1% to injecting drug users). The largest proportion of bidirectional fluxes were observed between Italians and TSWs (24.6%). For F1 subtype, bidirectional viral fluxes involved TSWs and Italians (7.1% and 14.3%), and a similar proportion of fluxes linked TSWs and Italian HEs or MSM (both 15.8%). Significant fluxes were detected from Italians to TSWs for subtype C involving both MSM (30%) and HEs (40%). Country of HIV-1 acquisition was identified for 72 subjects; overall, the largest proportion of patients with B subtype (73.5%) acquired HIV-1 infection in South America.

Conclusions

Our results indicated that South American transgenders largely contribute to the heterogeneity of HIV-1 variants in our country. The high number of clusters based on all subtypes indicated numerous transmission chains in which TSWs were constantly intermixed with HEs and MSM. Our results strongly advocate interventions to facilitate prevention, diagnosis and HIV-1 care continuum among transgender people.
Metastatic Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma in the Context of In Vitro Fertilization Pregnancy
Authors: Inamdar Arati , Fulginiti Adriana , Yiu Shuk Fong , Loo Abraham , Rogers Brian , Massaro Robert , Graebe Robert A. , Hackett Thomas E.
Published: January 2020

Adnexal masses are routinely encountered in the clinical practice. However, adnexal masses during pregnancy are incidental findings and usually resolve spontaneously or can be managed conservatively during pregnancy due to their benign nature. Ovarian malignancy is a rare event to occur during pregnancy. Only a few cases of ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC), a subtype of epithelial ovarian cancers, have been reported in pregnancy and all of which have undergone cystectomy or pregnancy termination prior to the last trimester of pregnancy. We present a unique case of OCCC in a pregnant 38-year old female of Asian ethnicity with endometriosis and an in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancy. The OCCC, initially suspected to be of benign nature, was removed via emergency cesarean section during delivery in the late preterm period. The Positron Emission Tomography scan performed a few weeks after delivery confirmed metastatic lesions. Our case study not only emphasizes the need for definitive treatment option for endometriosis but also a close surveillance of all masses diagnosed during pregnancy, in particular with a background of other risk factors such as endometriosis and Asian ethnicity. In addition, our study advocates the need for the guidelines for management of such rare cases.
Sound Transmission in the First Nonlinear Model of Middle Ear with an Active Implant
Authors: Rusinek Rafal
Published: January 2020

This paper shows an influence of a transducer of a middle ear implant on ear dynamics on the basis of the multi-degree-of-freedom biomechanical system. Results of numerical simulations of an ear model with implant are compared with those of the healthy middle ear. Two variants of damping are analysed. The first one typical for a normal healthy middle ear structure and the second one describes pathological properties of the human ear. Moreover, the behaviour of the transducer under various external excitations is investigated. For some set of parameters, the middle ear with the implant behaves regularly but sometimes even chaotically in case of strong excitation.
Emotions as Social Information in Shared Decision-Making in Oncology
Authors: Treffers Theresa , Putora Paul Martin
Published: January 2020

Emotions play an important role in decision-making and they can impact individual as well as shared decisions. With increasing complexity of the decision, the potential for emotions to influence the outcome increases. Emotions are thus an influential factor in oncological decision-making which is a complex and high-stakes situation. As the shared decision-making process is at the center of patient-centric decisions, we model emotions as social information that inform the shared decision-making process. We present and explain a range of emotional concepts, together with a specific clinical example, that can impact the shared decision-making process. Our process model shows that emotions are experienced in various combinations before, during, and after a shared decision is made and how patients’ and physicians’ emotions interact and spill over during a shared decision situation. Overall, our process model and specific example show how emotions can impact shared decision-making in oncology in a multitude of ways. With this paper, we want to raise awareness of the role of emotions in the shared decision-making process, as emotions are often not explicitly recognized as decision criteria. Increased awareness of emotions may help their optimal utilization and reduce their influence as a bias in shared decision-making.
Alguns apontamentos sobre a transformação da fome a partir da trajetória social do programa Fome Zero
Authors: Blanco Lis Furlani
Published: January 2020

Até o ano de 2010 não havia na Constituição Federal Brasileira o direito à alimentação básica. Esse processo de inclusão do direito à alimentação se deu em conjunto com diversas medidas do governo brasileiro desde 2003, sendo a principal delas o Programa Fome Zero. Quinze anos após sua criação, o programa ainda é tema de discussão, apesar de, atualmente, ter sido diluído em diversas políticas de segurança alimentar, e até mesmo distribuição e geração de renda.

Assim, é objetivo geral desta apresentação trazer alguns apontamentos sobre a transformação da fome, a partir da trajetória social do programa Fome Zero. Ao recuperar as discussões de Josué de Castro e José Graziano enquanto intelectuais paradigmáticos na construção da fome no Brasil, bem como a articulação desses atores em uma escala global e nacional, pretendo discutir as políticas públicas de combate à fome explorando as inter-relações construídas neste processo.

Como alguns autores clássicos da antropologia já apontavam para a possibilidade de entender a comida como um objeto diferente para aqueles que passam fome e para aqueles que tem suas necessidades satisfeitas, a exemplo de Audrey Richards, cabe perguntar como a fome é coordenada na construção prática de uma política pública que precisa definir, medir e avaliar para existir e, assim, como diversos saberes tecnopolíticos trabalham nesse processo de coagulação e transformação da fome.

Dessa forma, a comunicação pretende lançar luz à maneira em que o fenômeno da fome se transformou ao longo dos anos na “Insegurança Alimentar”, e de que maneira essa transformação influi diretamente nos processos de feitura do Estado. Para tanto, desenvolvo uma etnografia da fome realizada nos documentos de criação do programa Fome Zero, mas também busco explorar as inter-relações construídas neste processo, as diferentes arenas em jogo e os diferentes sujeitos políticos que se projetavam e consolidavam em tais planos, compreendendo algumas categorias imbricadas nesta disputa, tais como a noção de direitos, assistência, vulnerabilidade e bem-estar social em ação/circulação/pauta.

Para tornar evidente essa transformação, apresento aqui uma análise dos aparatos institucionais criados a partir do Programa Fome Zero e as estruturas institucionais decorrentes desse processo. Trarei também alguns apontamentos sobre a tecnopolítica da fome e, por fim, buscarei elucidar as maneiras pelas quais as tecnologias de estado relacionadas à fome e, posteriormente, à Insegurança Alimentar passam a incidir sobre a vida de uma população, promulgando uma multiplicidade de associações que transformam a própria ideia de Estado e governamentalidade.
“A Civilização da Mandioca”
Authors: Andrade Rômulo De Paula
Published: January 2020

Desde o século XVIII, a mandioca, seu método de plantação (coivara) e seu papel na dieta local têm sido criticados por viajantes e cronistas que estiveram pela região amazônica. De forma geral, era reconhecida sua importância na alimentação dos amazônidas, mas seu uso excessivo teria como consequência a “monotonia alimentar” da Amazônia. Esta comunicação pretende trazer reflexões sobre os usos e “abusos” da mandioca em escritos dos séculos XVIII ao XX, problematizando o enquadramento do tubérculo pela nutrição do pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial. A partir da institucionalização e do desenvolvimento da nutrição nos anos 1940, a mandioca sofreu diversos estudos e análises, sendo considerada, em alguns casos, um elemento que impediria o desenvolvimento da “civilização” da Amazônia. Além disso, serão expostas ações de organizações nacionais e internacionais na região que tinham como prioridade a mudança na dieta local, com destaque para o Serviço de Saúde Pública e a Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation (FAO).
“A toxicomania que tanto trabalho dá ao médico e ao jurista”
Authors: Dias Luíza Lima
Published: January 2020

Este trabalho parte de um pré-projeto de mestrado, aprovado para o ano de 2020, que propõe estudar os discursos de médicos-legistas em meados do século XX acerca das substâncias denominadas “tóxicas”, especificamente aquelas consideradas causadoras do problema da chamada “toxicomania”. O que norteia a questão central desta proposta é a percepção de que há um uso da retórica da moralidade sobre os “tóxicos” e “toxicômanos”. Interessa-nos entender os argumentos mobilizados para definir tais conceitos e de que maneiras as leis proibicionistas sobre drogas no país afetaram e foram afetadas pelo discurso médico-científico do período. Assim, atentamo-nos às relações sociais e de poder que estão imbricadas no saber científico, não obstante a suposição de que a ciência seria um local neutro de produção.

O termo “toxicomania” adquiriu diferentes significados e conotações ao longo do tempo, mas, de maneira geral, designa o hábito de uso de tóxicos em níveis elevados, associado ao vício. Há uma grande diversidade de matérias que poderiam ser enquadradas na categoria “tóxico”, mas o objeto desta proposta são exclusivamente aquelas substâncias associadas às “toxicomanias”. Até o momento, nos livros de medicina legal aos quais já tivemos acesso, não encontramos nenhuma menção à palavra “droga”, denominação muito comum para se designar as substâncias psicoativas nos dias atuais. Assim, referindo-nos ao período que pretendemos analisar, optamos pelo uso da palavra “tóxico”, por ser este o termo que majoritariamente aparece nas fontes consultadas, sendo por vezes substituído pelas palavras “narcótico” e “entorpecente”. Acreditamos que seja pertinente, portanto, problematizar o conceito de “droga”, uma vez que diferentes denominações têm sido utilizadas ao longo da história para se referir a um conjunto de substâncias muito variadas entre si, tanto na sua composição química quanto nos usos e aplicações práticas.

Para realizar essa discussão, analisaremos livros de medicina legal – à luz de decretos oficiais – publicados entre 1932 e 1964, quando foram delineadas algumas das principais leis brasileiras que serviram de base para decretos futuros sobre entorpecentes. Não pretendemos reforçar uma visão maniqueísta acerca das ciências médicas, mas buscaremos problematizar um ideal de objetividade e neutralidade que foi muitas vezes reivindicado por profissionais dessa área. Inserindo-se no campo da história das ciências, este trabalho procura ainda dialogar com estudos da história da medicina e da história das ciências da saúde para situar historicamente as discussões sobre substâncias psicoativas e seus usuários no contexto nacional e internacional. Não obstante o recente crescimento do tema das drogas dentro das humanidades, trata-se de um objeto que ainda carece de mais trabalhos historiográficos. Assim, pretendemos contribuir para um campo de estudos ainda em crescimento, que tem grande importância no debate atual sobre drogas e as consequências de seus abusos.
O paradoxo da cerveja nas estratégias da Ambev
Authors: Monteiro Renato Augusto Da Silva
Published: January 2020

O uso dependente do álcool é um dos principais problemas de saúde pública no Brasil. Entretanto, a cerveja goza de um lugar privilegiado na regulamentação do uso de drogas. Nesse estudo, analisamos o tour cervejeiro do Centro de Experiência Cervejeira da Bohemia (CECB), localizado na cidade de Petrópolis, bem como a cartilha sobre o uso do álcool distribuída aos visitantes. A Cervejaria Bohemia foi fundada por colonos alemãs no século XIX, sendo adquiria pela Antarctica, que mais tarde se associa à Cervejaria Brahma dando origem à Companhia de Bebidas das Américas (Ambev), uma multinacional de capital internacionalizado que é líder no mercado brasileiro de cervejas. O CECB utiliza estratégias da indústria cultural para a formação do gosto por cervejas especiais da marca Bohemia, o que problematizamos na perspectiva de Adorno e Horkheimer e da distinção de Pierre Bourdieu. Na pesquisa de campo não foi identificada qualquer abordagem a respeito do uso de cerveja enquanto droga, apesar dos inúmeros aparatos interativos que contavam a história e o modo de produção da bebida. O público visitante tinha perfil familiar, sendo comum a presença de menores de idade acompanhando os responsáveis em visita ao local. Durante a pesquisa o tour foi realizado 66 vezes sendo observado que no momento da “degustação” surgia uma partilha entre os visitantes baseada no interdito etário, que dividia maiores e menores de 18 anos entre os que podiam e os que não podiam beber. O ritual do brinde é uma expressão de proximidade que no contexto da comensalidade tende a incluir, mas pode também excluir, como ocorria com os menores de 18 anos proibidos de experimentar as cervejas servidas, ainda que viessem interagindo com os seus pares em toda sorte de aparatos ao longo das salas de visitação, se apresentando uma espécie de fim da brincadeira. Tendo em vista que durante a degustação ficaria em aberta a pergunta – por que os jovens não devem beber? –, foi realizada uma análise da cartilha distribuída no local intitulada Papo em família: como falar sobre bebidas alcoólicas com menores de 18 anos (Editora Maurício de Sousa). A pesquisa de cunho qualitativo utilizou como método a análise de conteúdo a partir de dados advindos das salas de visitação do tour e da cartilha em três etapas: i) pré-análise, ii) exploração do material, iii) tratamento dos resultados, inferência e interpretação. Os resultados apontam a existência de um paradoxo no qual, por um lado, a Ambev estimula o uso de cerveja glamourizado nas salas de visitação do CECB e, por outro, adota uma abordagem proibicionista nas ações formais. Esses tensionamentos giram em torno dos interesses mercadológicos e dos dispositivos médico-legais, como o ECA, bem como o lugar privilegiado que a cerveja goza na regulamentação de bebidas, retroalimentados pela política de guerra às drogas.
Do garfo à pena
Authors: Simon Everton Luiz , Fleck Eliane Cristina Deckmann
Published: January 2020

Nesta comunicação apresentamos a análise das narrativas de viagem de Nicolau Dreys, Auguste de Saint-Hilaire, Carl Seidler e Robert Avé-Lallemant, que percorreram a província do Rio Grande do Sul, entre 1817 e 1858, com o objetivo de identificar e discutir as representações construídas por estes viajantes sobre as práticas alimentares vigentes na província, bem como de demonstrar cartograficamente as atividades relativas ao preparo/trabalho na terra, ao cultivo e ao consumo de alimentos nas diversas regiões da província no Oitocentos. A investigação se fundamenta teoricamente na História Cultural e metodologicamente na Análise Textual Discursiva, tendo considerado, para a análise das obras dos quatro viajantes, as categorias produção, preparação e consumo de alimentos; comensalidade e etiqueta [distinção e estratificação social à mesa]; hospitalidade, reciprocidade e sociabilidade; saúde e alimentação e tabus e significados simbólicos. Para além das representações sobre as práticas alimentares e das evidências de que elas estiveram inequivocamente vinculadas às experiências sociais e culturais daqueles que as descreveram, a análise que fizemos das narrativas dos viajantes possibilitou a identificação e a discussão das informações sobre os alimentos produzidos, as práticas de cultivo, de consumo e de sociabilidade e, também, sobre as relações de trabalho nas diferentes regiões da província do Rio Grande do Sul, apontando para a inegável contribuição dessas fontes para uma História da Alimentação do Rio Grande do Sul oitocentista.
Do ideal à concretude
Authors: Souza Lays Silva de
Published: January 2020

Para o presente estudo, estabelecemos como abastecimento alimentar todas as ações que permeiam o ato de comer na cidade. As estruturas cotidianas que viabilizam a comensalidade, ou a partilha dos alimentos, constituem-se atividades relacionadas à vida material. De acordo com o historiador Massimo Montanari, os processos que envolvem a alimentação são mais complexos do que uma necessidade elementar do corpo, sobretudo carregam forte conteúdo social. Esta pesquisa busca compreender o abastecimento para além de simples fenômeno biológico ou de uma atividade econômica. Nosso objetivo é compreender o lugar do abastecimento alimentar em Belo Horizonte a partir da administração pública. Ou seja, é de nosso interesse examinar os processos de organização dos serviços que a municipalidade entendeu como responsabilidade pública, e a alimentação é uma dessas demandas presente na estrutura organizacional da prefeitura desde o nascimento da nova capital mineira.

Belo Horizonte é uma cidade planejada e não foi criada de forma espontânea, o poder público municipal sempre esteve presente nos processos de produção, comércio e acesso dos gêneros alimentícios. A Coleção Relatórios Anuais de Atividades da Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte (1899-2005) e a legislação aprovada pertinente ao tema são fontes históricas que nos permitem afirmar que a prefeitura teve papel importante na definição dos lugares do abastecimento na cidade. A alimentação revela organizações sociais desde o núcleo mais íntimo e se expande às relações políticas visando a interesses econômicos que se estabeleceram ao longo da história.

Considerando a República como sistema político vigente no Brasil quando a nova capital mineira foi criada, nossa análise se apoia na busca pela compreensão do abastecimento alimentar como bem comum. Entendemos que a regulamentação da produção e do comércio de gêneros alimentícios, feita pela administração pública, pode ser considerada uma ação em prol da ordem social. Tal afirmativa carrega muitas nuances e interesses, afinal é imprescindível questionarmos qual República foi essa e para quem se governava. Para uma reflexão teórica acerca das estruturas da cidade – econômicas, culturais, políticas etc. –, compreendemos a alimentação como necessidade social inerente à sociedade urbana. Nesse sentido, é pertinente identificar como as ideias republicanas inspiraram a experiência de organização do espaço urbano para receber os habitantes da primeira cidade planejada do Brasil moderno. Compreender o contexto histórico de criação da nova capital mineira auxilia-nos a entender como e porque o poder público municipal controlou seu abastecimento, sobretudo a partir de quais parâmetros os prefeitos que estiveram à frente do município realizaram reformas administrativas, as quais estabeleceram diretrizes para as políticas públicas alimentares.
Os doces de Pelotas
Authors: Bertachini Izabela Arantes , José Thiago Alves , Martinho Vivianne Hermógenes Pereira , Scheliga Paola Biselli Ferreira
Published: January 2020

A cidade de Pelotas, no Rio Grande do Sul, é conhecida por sua cultura doceira. Essa tradição foi construída historicamente, remetendo-nos à influência gastronômica dos imigrantes europeus que chegaram à região e promoveram o desenvolvimento da identidade cultural da confeitaria local. A riqueza étnica local, juntamente com o declínio da produção de charque, principal atividade econômica da região até o início do século XX, possibilitou o início da produção doceira característica de Pelotas, transformando a cidade em referência na confeitaria nacional.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar um estudo realizado a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica, sobre o contexto histórico que levou a cidade de Pelotas a se tornar um marco na confeitaria nacional, destacando as referências, os principais ingredientes e as influências da cultura doceira dos imigrantes no desenvolvimento de receitas típicas da região. Espera-se, com o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, contribuir para o estudo das origens da confeitaria brasileira através de aprofundamento em aspectos relacionados às transformações que permeiam a confeitaria clássica e atual. Trabalho apresentado como requisito parcial para obtenção dos créditos na disciplina de confeitaria ministrada pela professora e orientadora Paola Biselli F. Scheliga.

Ao longo da pesquisa bibliográfica realizada, foi possível adquirir e aprofundar conhecimentos sobre receitas específicas de doces denominados “de Pelotas” e produzidos na região. A diversidade de tipos de produções e ingredientes utilizados é enorme, porém, foi possível verificar as influências dos imigrantes na composição através dos ovos, do açúcar e de especiarias, como a canela, por exemplo. Para representar as receitas da tradição doceira da região, foram selecionadas três receitas típicas: ambrosia, arroz de leite e papo-de-anjo. No desenvolvimento de estudo sobre as fichas técnicas a partir dessas receitas, verificou-se que é notória, tanto na composição dos ingredientes como no modo de fazer, a importância de ingredientes como ovo e especiarias para o resultado e sabor final do preparo.

O sucesso dos chamados doces de Pelotas parece ser resultado de receitas que aliam o gosto por sobremesas com menos açúcar e adaptações aos ingredientes locais. Outro aspecto que influenciou na manutenção dessa tradição doceira está relacionado à transmissão de receitas pelas famílias imigrantes, que perpetuaram a cultura europeia de consumo de doces e sobremesas. O resultado desses fatores, que levaram à continuidade da confeitaria dos imigrantes adaptadas à cultura gastronômica local, gerou contribuição para a confeitaria da região Sul do Brasil, sendo de grande importância para o curso de confeitaria adquirir e aprofundar os conhecimentos sobre o tema.
A new species of Caenis (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) from Florida, USA
Authors: PESCADOR MANUEL L. , RICHARD BARTON A.
Published: January 2020

Caenis eglinensis new species is described from nymph and adults, and its relationships with other North American species of the genus are discussed.
A new species of Aphis (Hemiptera:Aphididae) in Missouri on St. John’s Wort, Hypericum kalmianum, and re-description of Aphis hyperici Monell
Authors: LAGOS DORIS M. , PUTTLER BENJAMIN , VOEGTLIN DAVID J. , GIORDANO ROSANNA
Published: January 2020

Aphis mizzou, n. sp. is described from specimens collected in Missouri, USA, on Hypericum kalmianum (Clusiaceae).Both apterous and alate viviparae are described and illustrated and a key is provided to apterae of the six species of Aphisthat feed on Hypericum. Neighbor-joining analysis of cytochrome oxidase (COI) and nuclear elongation factor (EF1-α)indicated a close relationship of the new species with Aphis hyperici but verified its distinctness, the pairwise sequencedivergence for COI between these two species being 3.2%. In addition, Aphis hyperici Monell is redescribed, including first descriptions of the fundatrix, ovipara and alate male of that species.
Rhyparoclopius aokiae sp. nov., a remarkable Stenopodainae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, with taxonomical notes on other species of Rhyparoclopius Stål
Authors: GIL-SANTANA HÉLCIO R.
Published: January 2020

Rhyparoclopius aokiae sp. nov. from Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, is described. Rhyparoclopius desiccatus Amyot &Serville is recorded for the first time in Brazil, and the male genitalia of both species are described. A revised description of Rhyparoclopius Stål and a key for their species are provided.
Two new species of Macrelmis Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Elmidae) and a new record of Macrelmis isis (Hinton) from Southeastern Brazil
Authors: SAMPAIO BRUNNO HENRIQUE LANZELLOTTI , DA SILVA DOS PASSOS MARIA INÊS , FERREIRA- JR. NELSON
Published: January 2020

Macrelmis is a genus distributed in the Palearctic, Nearctic and Neotropical regions. Currently there are 40 species, 20being recorded from Brazil but only two from Rio de Janeiro State. Herein two new species of Macrelmis are describedand figured: Macrelmis fluminensis sp. nov. and Macrelmis friburguensis sp. nov. A new record of Macrelmis isis from Rio de Janeiro State is given.
Two new species of the genus Rhyacophila Pictet (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae) from the Indian Himalayas
Authors: SAINI MALKIAT S. , K. LAKHWINDER
Published: January 2020

Rhyacophilidae Stephens, 1836, is a relatively large family revised by Schmid (1970). The family is predominantly north temperate, found in North America, Europe and Asia (Holzenthal et. al. 2007). The genus Rhyacophila contains 801 species globally; among these, 375 species have been recorded from the Oriental Region and 148 species occur in India (Morse, 2012). For the identification of species the works by Armitage & Arefina (2003), Kimmins (1952, 1953, 1964), Kiss (2003, 2011a, 2011b), Malicky (1995a, 1995b, 1997), Malicky & Chantaramongkol (1993), Malicky & Prommi (2006), Malicky & Sun (2002), Martynov (1927a, 1927b, 1930, 1935), Morton (1900), Schmid (1959, 1970) and Sun & Yang (1998) were used.
A review of Peratophyga Warren, 1894 in China, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Ennominae)
Authors: JIANG NAN , XUE DAYONG , HAN HONGXIANG
Published: January 2020

The genus Peratophyga Warren, 1894 in China is reviewed. Six species are recognized, of which P. crista sp. nov. and P. recta sp. nov. are described. P. hyalinata grata (Butler, 1879) is restored to specific rank as P. grata (Butler, 1879) stat. rev. P. grata totifasciata Wehrli, 1923 comb. nov. is proposed. P. xanthyala (Hampson, 1896) and P. grata grata (Butler, 1879) are newly recorded for China. Two species are transferred from Peratophyga to the genus Stegania Guenée, 1845: S. castaneostriata (Yazaki & Wang, 2004) comb. nov. and S. modesta (Yazaki & Wang, 2004) comb. nov. A key to Chinese Peratophyga and diagnoses for Chinese species are provided. Illustrations of external features and genitalia are presented.
Species of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Hubei, China
Authors: LI WEIHAI , WANG GUOQUAN , LU WENYAN
Published: January 2020

The perline genus Neoperla is reported from Hubei Province, China for the first time. We describe and illustrate two spe-cies with color photographs, Neoperla hubeiensis sp. nov., and N. cavalerieri (Navás). The new species is compared to similar taxa.