bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The timing of tether breakage influences clinical results after VBT
Authors: Baroncini A. , Migliorini F. , Eschweiler J. , Hildebrand F. , Trobisch P.
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Tether breakage is a frequent mechanical complications after vertebral body tethering (VBT), but not all patients with a breakage show loss of correction. The reason of this clinical finding has not yet been clarified. We hypothesized that the integrity of the tether is relevant only in the early stages after VBT, when it drives growth modulation and tissue remodelling. After these mechanisms have taken place, the tether loses its function and a breakage will not alter the new shape of the spine. Thus, tether breakage would have a greater clinical relevance when occurring shortly after surgery.

Methods

All consecutive patients who underwent VBT and had a min. 2-year follow-up were included. The difference in curve magnitude between the 1st standing x-ray and the last follow-up was calculated (ΔCobb). For each curve, the presence and timing of tether breakage were recorded. The curves were grouped according to if and when the breakage was observed (no breakage, breakage at 0–6 months, 6–12 months, > 12 months). The ΔCobb was compared among these groups with the analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results

Data from 152 curves were available: 68 with no breakage, 12 with a breakage at 0–6 months, 37 at 6–12 months and 35 > 12 months. The ANOVA found significant difference in the ΔCobb among the groups (Sum of square 2553.59; degree of freedom 3; mean of square 851.1; Fisher test 13.8; P < 0.0001). Patients with no breakage or breakage at > 12 months had similar ΔCobb (mean 4.8° and 7.8°, respectively, P = 0.3), smaller than the 0–6 or 6–12 groups (15.8° and 13.8°, respectively).

Conclusion

Tether breakage leads to a consistent loss of correction when occurring within the first 12 months, while it has limited clinical relevance when occurring later on.
SDCF: semi-automatically structured dataset of citation functions
Authors: Basuki Setio , Tsuchiya Masatoshi
Published: July 2022

There is increasing research interest in the automatic detection of citation functions, which is why authors of academic papers cite previous works. A machine learning approach for such a task requires a large dataset consisting of varied labels of citation functions. However, existing datasets contain a few instances and a limited number of labels. Furthermore, most labels have been built using narrow research fields. Addressing these issues, this paper proposes a semiautomatic approach to develop a large dataset of citation functions based on two types of datasets. The first type contains 5668 manually labeled instances to develop a new labeling scheme of citation functions, and the second type is the final dataset that is built automatically. Our labeling scheme covers papers from various areas of computer science, resulting in five coarse labels and 21 fine-grained labels. To validate the scheme, two annotators were employed for annotation experiments on 421 instances that produced Cohen’s Kappa values of 0.85 for coarse labels and 0.71 for fine-grained labels. Following this, we performed two classification stages, i.e., filtering, and fine-grained to build models using the first dataset. The classification followed several scenarios, including active learning (AL) in a low-resource setting. Our experiments show that Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT)-based AL achieved 90.29% accuracy, which outperformed other methods in the filtering stage. In the fine-grained stage, the SciBERT-based AL strategy achieved a competitive 81.15% accuracy, which was slightly lower than the non-AL strategy. These results show that the AL is promising since it requires less than half of the dataset. Considering the number of labels, this paper released the largest dataset consisting of 1,840,815 instances.
Supply chain finance for ameliorating and deteriorating products: a systematic literature review
Authors: Marchi Beatrice , Zavanella Lucio E. , Zanoni Simone
Published: July 2022

Ameliorating and deteriorating products, or, more generally, items that change value over time, present a high sensitiveness to the surrounding environment (e.g., temperature, humidity, and light intensity). For this reason, they should be properly stored along the supply chain to guarantee the desired quality to the consumers. Specifically, ameliorating items face an increase in value if there are stored for longer periods, which can lead to higher selling price. At the same time, the costumers’ demand is sensitive to the price (i.e., the higher the selling price the lower the final demand), sensitiveness that is related to the quality of the products (i.e., lower sensitiveness for high-quality products). On the contrary, deteriorating items lose quality and value over time which result in revenue losses due to lost sales or reduced selling price. Since these products need to be properly stored (i.e., usually in temperature- and humidity-controlled warehouses) the holding costs, which comprise also the energy costs, may be particularly relevant impacting on the economic, environmental, and social sustainability of the supply chain. Furthermore, due to the recent economic crisis, companies (especially, small and medium enterprises) face payment difficulties of customers and high volatility of resources prices. This increases the risk of insolvency and on the other hand the financing needs. In this context, supply chain finance emerged as a mean for efficiency by coordinating the financial flow and providing a set of financial schemes aiming at optimizing accounts payable and receivable along the supply chain. The aim of the present study is thus to investigate through a systematic literature review the two main themes presented (i.e., inventory management models for products that change value over time, and financial techniques and strategies to support companies in inventory management) to understand if any financial technique has been studied for supporting the management of this class of products and to verify the existing literature gap.
Effects of culture methods and plant growth regulators on in vitro propagation of Brassavola nodosa (L.) Lindl. hybrid
Authors: Xu JianJian , Beleski David G. , Vendrame Wagner A.
Published: July 2022

Brassavola nodosa (L.) Lindl. is an epiphytic orchid with great potential for the ornamental plant industry. The lack of information on propagation and production techniques limits the development of large-scale commercial production. Furthermore, this species is experiencing a reduction in population due to habitat destruction, the impact of climate change, and over-collection from native habitats. This study aimed at developing an efficient protocol for micropropagation of B. nodosa, which could be valuable towards the large-scale commercial production as well as for conservation of this species. Six different concentrations of plant growth regulators (BA or IBA, with or without adenine sulfate) were evaluated in modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium for shoot multiplication. In addition, two concentrations of either NAA or IBA were evaluated for rooting. Explants were cultured under three different culture media conditions: semi-solid medium, liquid medium (partial immersion), and liquid medium (complete immersion). Results indicate that B. nodosa could be successfully micropropagated in liquid culture with partial immersion. The modified MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg L−1 BA and 30.0 mg L−1 adenine sulfate resulted in higher multiplication rates. Rooting was obtained using either 0.5 mg L−1 NAA or 1.0 mg L−1 IBA with no significant differences between both rooting treatments. Plantlets achieved 100% ex vitro survival after 30-d acclimatization.
Sir Richard Morison: An Early Reader of Cassius Dio in Tudor England?
Authors: Mallan C. T.
Published: July 2022

Scholars have suggested that Cassius Dio’s Roman History was among the Greek sources used by the 16th century polemicist Sir Richard Morison in two of his treatises from the 1530s. This short article shows that this is not the case. Rather, Morison can be seen to be borrowing from Seneca’s De Clementia and Politian’s Latin translation of Herodian’s History of the Empire after Marcus Aurelius. This conclusion may cast some further light on the provenance of the booklist contained in British Library Add. MS 40,676 (ff. 110r-116r), and its attribution to Morison.
Conceptualisations of health in orthorexia nervosa: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Greville-harris Maddy , Talbot Catherine V. , Moseley Rachel L. , Vuillier Laura
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Limited research has explored conceptualisations of health and healthy eating in orthorexia nervosa (ON). This mixed-methods study aimed to investigate how ‘health’ and ‘healthy eating’ are conceptualised by individuals at risk for ON. This study examined the potential relationships between health anxiety, beliefs about health controllability and orthorexic symptomatology in our broader sample.

Methods

A total of 362 participants took a survey on health anxiety (measured with the HAQ), beliefs about the controllability of one’s own health (IMHLC) and ON symptomatology (E-DOS and EHQ). Participants ‘at risk’ for ON (n = 141), also completed an online qualitative survey about conceptualisations of health and healthy eating. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis (part A). The PROCESS macro for SPSS was used for the quantitative analysis (part B).

Results

Conceptualisations of health and healthy eating were complex. Four themes were generated from our qualitative data: ‘health is more than thin ideals’, ‘healthy food equals healthy mind’, ‘a body that works for you’ and ‘taking control of your body’. Our quantitative analysis revealed that health anxiety and beliefs in health controllability independently predicted ON symptomatology.

Conclusion

A richer understanding of what health means in the context of ON is important, given the centrality of this concept to the proposed classification of this disordered eating style. Our findings highlight that both health anxiety and health controllability are important targets for future investigation, given their potential relevance to the aetiology and treatment of ON.

Level of evidence

Level V, based on a descriptive study.
Interacting particle systems and Jacobi style identities
Authors: Balázs Márton , Fretwell Dan , Jay Jessica
Published: July 2022

We consider the family of nearest neighbour interacting particle systems on $$\mathbb {Z}$$
Z
allowing 0, 1 or 2 particles at a site. We parametrise a wide subfamily of processes exhibiting product blocking measure and show how this family can be “stood up” in the sense of Balázs and Bowen (Ann Inst H Poincaré Probab Stat 54(1):514–528, 2018). By comparing measures, we prove new three variable Jacobi style identities, related to counting certain generalised Frobenius partitions with a 2-repetition condition. By specialising to specific processes, we produce two variable identities that are shown to relate to Jacobi triple product and various other identities of combinatorial significance. The family of k-exclusion processes for arbitrary k are also considered and are shown to give similar Jacobi style identities relating to counting generalised Frobenius partitions with a k-repetition condition.
An Improved AdaBoost for Prosecutorial Case-Workload Estimation via Case Grouping
Authors: Min Xin , Li Wei , Yang Jinzhao , Xie Weidong , Zhao Dazhe
Published: July 2022

Case-workload estimation has always been a complex process and plays a vital role in prosecutorial work. Despite the increasing development of rule-based techniques, artificial intelligence and machine learning have rarely been used to study case-workload estimation problems, leaving many cases processed without quantitative estimation. This paper aims to develop a new case-work estimation method that combines artificial intelligence methods with practical needs and apply it to the case assignment system of the prosecutor’s office. We propose a feature learning model, the improved AdaBoost model, to capture the features of cases for case grouping to estimate case workload. We first learn the case textual data based on the judicial proper noun dictionary, extract the case labels from the case information with the AdaBoost learner, and group and encode each case by fuzzy matching. Then, the extracted vital information estimates case workload based on the length of case processing time and suspects number, respectively. We conducted extensive experiments to compare the proposed method with eight baseline methods, including the traditional AdaBoost classifier, to evaluate the performance of the proposed model on a real prosecution case dataset. The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our proposed workload estimation model.
Conversing in Verse
Authors: Helsinger Elizabeth
Published: July 2022

Conversing in Verse considers poems of conversation from the late eighteenth into the twentieth centuries – the very period when a more restrictive conception of poetry as the lyric product of the poet's solitary self-communing became entrenched. With fresh insight, Elizabeth Helsinger addresses a range of questions at the core of conversational poetry: When and why do poets turn to conversation to explore poetry's potential? How do conversation's forms and intentions shape the figures, rhythms, and prosody of poems to alter the reader's experience? What are the ethical and political stakes of conversing in verse? Coleridge, Clare, Landor, Tennyson, Robert Browning, Christina and Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Swinburne, Michael Field, and Hardy each composed poems that open difficult or impossible conversations with phenomena outside themselves. Helsinger unearths an unfamiliar lyric history that produced some of the most interesting formal experiments of the nineteenth century, including its best known, the dramatic monologue.
Knowledge Strategies
Authors: Bratianu Constantin
Published: July 2022

Knowledge is a strategic resource of any organization and its deployment is critical in achieving a sustainable competitive advantage. Knowledge strategies were born at the intersection of strategic thinking and knowledge management. Strategic thinking is a mental process of understanding the future and, based on that understanding, of searching for practical ways of achieving a competitive advantage on the market. Strategic thinking is operating in the opportunity space of the organization. The book explains the strategizing process and presents the knowledge strategies as a result of that complex mental process. Organizations can design deliberate and emergent knowledge strategies, which can be integrated into the corporate vision and its strategies.
Political Censorship in British Hong Kong
Authors: Ng Michael
Published: July 2022

Drawing on archival materials, Michael Ng challenges the widely accepted narrative that freedom of expression in Hong Kong is a legacy of British rule of law. Demonstrating that the media and schools were pervasively censored for much of the colonial period and only liberated at a very late stage of British rule, this book complicates our understanding of how Hong Kong came to be a city that championed free speech by the late 1990s. With extensive use of primary sources, the free press, freedom of speech and judicial independence are all revealed to be products of Britain's China strategy. Ng shows that, from the nineteenth to the twentieth century, Hong Kong's legal history was deeply affected by China's relations with world powers. Demonstrating that Hong Kong's freedoms drifted along waves of change in global politics, this book offers a new perspective on the British legal regime in Hong Kong.
The Chinese Corporate Ecosystem
Authors: Hawes Colin S. C.
Published: July 2022

Challenging simplistic claims that Chinese corporations merely serve Communist Party goals, this book argues we cannot understand these corporations without tracing their dynamic evolution within a unique socio-political ecosystem. Vivid case studies illuminate the strange hybrid structures and networks that are essential for corporate success in the Chinese habitat. Tracing the reciprocal impacts between Chinese corporations and their environment, Colin S. C. Hawes reveals how corporations' political adaptations have raised serious obstacles for their international expansion and worsened China's environmental crisis. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach that synthesizes insights from behavioural economics, science and Chinese philosophy, this book proposes innovative solutions to the damaging impacts of Chinese corporations. It makes a compelling case for redirecting the vital energy of corporations and government officials in more productive and sustainable directions.
Cognitive Development in Infancy and Childhood
Authors: Gauvain Mary
Published: July 2022

This Element describes the main theories that guide contemporary research in cognitive development along with research discoveries in several important cognitive abilities: attention, language, social cognition, memory, metacognition and executive function, and problem solving and reasoning. Biological and social contributions are considered side-by-side, and cultural contributions are highlighted. As children participate in social interactions and learn to use cultural symbols and tools to organize and support their thinking, the behaviors and understandings of the social community and the culture more broadly become an integral part of children's thoughts and actions. Culture, the natural ecological setting or habitat of human beings, plays a significant role by providing support and direction for cognitive development. Without the capacity to learn socially, human cognition would be markedly different from what it is today.
An Ally and an Intermediary: Bella Abzug, Gay Americans, and the Equality Act
Authors: Ferrara David G.
Published: July 2022

In 1974, Congresswoman Bella Abzug introduced the Equality Act, the first federal gay rights legislation. A high-profile ally, Abzug occupied a unique space in the gay rights movement, and the Equality Act cemented her as the premier political intermediary for gay rights. Owing to her prominence, Abzug attracted a geographically and ideologically diverse constituency of gay, lesbian, and bisexual Americans. Gay activists as well as isolated individuals reached out to Abzug as a conduit for their grievances and political hopes, and her support unified gay, lesbian, and bisexual Americans around a national focal point at a time when the movement was fractured and regional. In the period after Stonewall, Abzug was gay liberation's most meaningful national intermediary. Routinely undervalued in the history of the gay rights movement, Abzug's legislative advocacy reveals the centrality of political allyship within the struggle for equality.
One Health most often has people as the primary beneficiary. How must One Health policies and practice change to make animal, plant and ecosystem health a primary focus that is influenced by human and environmental factors?
Authors: Stephen Craig
Published: July 2022

The bulk of One Heath’s investment and research focuses on how animal or environmental threats impact human health or well-being. One Health has been less attentive to how human and environmental dimensions interact to impact animal health or on the environmental implications of health management at the human-animal interface. There has also been comparatively little investigation on how to create One Health programmes that promote reciprocal care that is neither human first, nor animal first nor environment first, but rather concurrently protects the health of all three. With this question, we invite authors to explore if or how current policies, practices and perspectives have shaped the primacy of human health as a benefactor of One Health and examine what changes need to be made, if any, to broaden the application of One Health approaches and perspectives. We encourage the use of implementation science methods and strategies to develop evidence-based policies and practice and to promote their regular use by researchers, practitioners and policymakers.
RADIOCARBON CHRONOLOGY OF DOLMENS IN THE IBERIAN SOUTHWEST: ARCHITECTURAL SEQUENCE AND TEMPORALITY IN THE EL POZUELO MEGALITHIC COMPLEX (HUELVA, SPAIN)
Authors: Linares-Catela José Antonio
Published: July 2022

This paper establishes the chronology of the El Pozuelo megalithic complex and discusses it in the context of other dolmens that have been dated in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula. The working methodology combines the study of the stratigraphy and architectural sequence with the Bayesian modeling of the 27 AMS 14C dates obtained for charcoal samples from the four monuments in the Los Llanetes cluster. The most significant chronological results (at 68% probability) are (a) the antiquity and long duration of the megalithic sites, in which several monumental structures succeeded one another ca. 3970–1980 cal BC; (b) the existences of different temporalities in the Late-Final Neolithic dolmens: simple chambers (3970–3760 cal BC), elongated chambers (3790–3620 cal BC) and multiple chambers (3660–3260 cal BC; (c) the continuity of activity during the Copper Age (2980–2580 and 2530–2180 cal BC); and (d) the permanence of megalithism in the Early Bronze Age, through the presence of terraced enclosures with circular platforms ca. 2230–1940 cal BC. This diachronic sequence and the contextualized analysis of the 152 available radiocarbon dates (27 new, 125 published) supports the establishment of the temporal dynamics of megalithism in the Iberian southwest, introducing key aspects on the emergence, span, and rebuilding of the different dolmens (passage graves, simple chambers, elongated chambers, and multiple chambers) and establishing the phases of activity and reuse of the different architectural types.
Maturity Clienteles and Corporate Bond Maturities
Authors: Butler Alexander W. , Gao Xiang , Uzmanoglu Cihan
Published: July 2022

The average maturity of newly issued corporate bonds has declined substantially over the past 40 years, and the traditional determinants of debt maturity fail to explain this decline fully. We show that the changing composition of investors in the corporate bond market influences bond maturities. The results of a Granger causality test, an instrumental variable approach, and a natural experiment suggest that a decline in the insurance companies’ – which prefer long-term bonds – ownership share in the corporate bond market explains a significant part of the unexplained maturity decline. These findings illustrate how investor preferences can have real effects on corporations.
Kinematics of a nine-legged in-parallel manipulator with configurable platform
Authors: Gallardo-Alvarado Jaime , Garcia-Murillo Mario A. , Rodriguez-Castro Ramon
Published: July 2022

Configurable platforms bring a research field to expand the attributes of parallel manipulators. This work is devoted to investigate the kinematics of a nine-degrees-of-freedom parallel manipulator whose active kinematic pairs are located near to the fixed platform, and it is equipped with a 6-R configurable platform. The mobility of the proposed 9-UPUR{6R} configurable parallel manipulator is such that it is possible to manipulate the kinematics of a grasping triangle associated to the configurable platform. The theory of screws is systematically applied to solve the direct and inverse infinitesimal kinematics of the manipulator. As an intermediate step, the displacement analysis is approached by means of algebraic geometry. The contribution is complemented with numerical examples to illustrate the versatility of the method of kinematic analysis.
Comparing patient acceptability of MR-guided radiotherapy to conventional CBCT on two Elekta systems: a questionnaire-based survey
Authors: Whiteside Lee , Nelder Claire , Pitt Eleanor , Hodgson Clare , Choudhury Ananya , Eccles Cynthia L.
Published: July 2022

Background and Purpose:

The magnetic resonance linear accelerator system (MR Linac) is a novel piece of radiotherapy (RT) equipment allowing the routine application of daily MR-guided treatment adaptation. The hardware design required for such technical capabilities and the increased complexity of the treatment workflow entails a notable departure from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)-based RT. Patient tolerability of treatment is paramount to RT practice where high compliance is required. Presented is a comparative analysis of how such modality specific characteristics may ultimately impact the patient experience of treatment.

Materials and Methods:

Forty patients undergoing RT for prostate cancer (PCa) on either the MR Linac (n= 20) or a CBCT-based linac (n= 20) were provided with a validated patient reported outcomes measures (PROM’s) questionnaire at fraction 1 and fraction 20. The 18-item questionnaire provided patient responses recorded using a 4-point Likert scale, 0 denoting a response of ‘Not at all’, 1 ‘Slightly’, 2 ‘Moderately’ and 3 signifying ‘Very’. The analysis provided insight into both comparisons between modalities at singular time points (fractions 1 and 20), as well as a temporal analysis within a single modality, denoting changing patient experience.

Results:

Patients generally found the MR Linac treatment couch more comfortable, however, found the increase in treatment duration harder to tolerate. Responses for all items remained stable between first and last fraction across both cohorts, indicating minimal temporal variation within a single modality. None of the responses were statistically significant at the 0·01 level.

Conclusion:

Whether radiotherapy for PCa is delivered on a CBCT linac or the MR Linac, there is little difference in patient experience with minimal experiential variation within a single modality.
Does Sea Spray Aerosol Contribute Significantly to Aerosol Trace Element Loading? A Case Study From the U.S. GEOTRACES Pacific Meridional Transect (GP15)
Authors: Marsay Chris M. , Landing William M. , Umstead Devon , Till Claire P. , Freiberger Robert , Fitzsimmons Jessica N. , Lanning Nathan T. , Shiller Alan M. , Hatta Mariko , Chmiel Rebecca , Saito Mak , Buck Clifton S.
Published: July 2022

Atmospheric deposition represents a major input for micronutrient trace elements (TEs) to the surface ocean and is often quantified indirectly through measurements of aerosol TE concentrations. Sea spray aerosol (SSA) dominates aerosol mass concentration over much of the global ocean, but few studies have assessed its contribution to aerosol TE loading, which could result in overestimates of “new” TE inputs. Low‐mineral aerosol concentrations measured during the U.S. GEOTRACES Pacific Meridional Transect (GP15; 152°W, 56°N to 20°S), along with concurrent towfish sampling of surface seawater, provided an opportunity to investigate this aspect of TE biogeochemical cycling. Central Pacific Ocean surface seawater Al, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb concentrations were combined with aerosol Na data to calculate a “recycled” SSA contribution to aerosol TE loading. Only vanadium was calculated to have a SSA contribution averaging >1% along the transect (mean of 1.5%). We derive scaling factors from previous studies on TE enrichments in the sea surface microlayer and in freshly produced SSA to assess the broader potential for SSA contributions to aerosol TE loading. Maximum applied scaling factors suggest that SSA could contribute significantly to the aerosol loading of some elements (notably V, Cu, and Pb), while for others (e.g., Fe and Al), SSA contributions largely remained <1%. Our study highlights that a lack of focused measurements of TEs in SSA limits our ability to quantify this component of marine aerosol loading and the associated potential for overestimating new TE inputs from atmospheric deposition.
Salt Intrusion as a Function of Estuary Length in Periodically Weakly Stratified Estuaries
Authors: Wei Xiaoyan , Williams Megan E. , Brown Jennifer M. , Thorne Peter D. , Amoudry Laurent O.
Published: July 2022

Estuarine salt intrusion greatly threatens freshwater supply in surrounding lands. Physical barriers, which reduce the estuary length (L), are widely constructed to control salt intrusion. Yet, the role of L in salt intrusion remains unknown. Using a process‐based, idealized, semi‐analytical three‐dimensional model, we systematically investigate for the first time this unknown for tide‐dominated, periodically weakly stratified estuaries. Results show decreasing L significantly reduces salinities for short estuaries (L < Lw/4, with Lw the dominant tidal wavelength), but not for long estuaries. Tidal pumping remains a key salt importer in most estuaries, regardless of L. However, substantial decreases in L relative to Lw/4 can change the dominant landward salt importer from tidal pumping to horizontal diffusion. The latter, together with gravitational circulation, weakens responses of salt intrusion to changes in tidal and river forcing in short estuaries. This study highlights the importance of considering L to understanding and mitigating salt intrusion.
Zeta Potential of a Natural Clayey Sandstone Saturated With Carbonated NaCl Solutions at Supercritical CO2 Conditions
Authors: Hidayat Miftah , Sarmadivaleh Mohammad , Derksen Jos , Vega‐Maza David , Iglauer Stefan , Vinogradov Jan
Published: July 2022

The zeta potential is a measure of electric potential at the mineral‐electrolyte interfaces. The zeta potential of natural sandstones depends on mineralogy, electrolyte pH, concentration, composition, amount of dissolved CO2, and temperature. We report for the first time the zeta potential measured on clayey sandstone comprising quartz, kaolinite, illite, albite and microcline saturated with NaCl solutions at supercritical CO2 conditions. Our results demonstrate that zeta potentials in clayey sandstone samples at supercritical CO2 conditions are significantly different from similar measurements conducted under ambient conditions and from those obtained with clean sandstones. Supercritical CO2 zeta potential remains negative but is influenced by clays and feldspars due to their significant presence and exposure to large pores, which yields less negative zeta potential compared to quartz, under identical conditions. Our results have significant implications to natural subsurface systems such as CO2 geo‐sequestration sites, aquifers, geothermal sources and hydrocarbon reservoirs.
Impact of Sea Surface Temperature Variability at Different Ocean Basins on Dust Activities in the Gobi Desert and North China
Authors: Liu Guanyu , Li Jing , Jiang Zhongjing , Li Xichen
Published: July 2022

Dust activities are closely related to local meteorological conditions partly driven by remote ocean variability. Here, we investigate the impact of tropical Pacific, North Atlantic, and Arctic ocean variability on dust activities in the Gobi Desert and North China and attempt to quantify their contributions. Three individual Sea Surface Temperature (SST) forcing experiments were performed to simulate the teleconnection from the three ocean basins. Two random forest regression models were established to link the meteorological variables to boreal Spring Dust Activity Frequency (SDAF). Results show that with SST (sea ice concentration for the Arctic) anomaly, tropical Pacific SST variability results in the most change in SDAF in the Gobi Desert, whereas the North Atlantic SST variability plays a more critical role in North China. Considering the observed SST variability, the tropical Pacific becomes more critical in affecting dust activities in both regions.
On the Linearity of External Forcing Response in Solar Geoengineering Experiments
Authors: Virgin J. G. , Fletcher C. G.
Published: July 2022

As an idealized proxy for solar geoengineering, the GeoMIP G1 experiment forces Earth System Models with prescribed reductions in solar radiation to balance increases in atmospheric CO2. One key source of uncertainty is the magnitude of solar constant reduction required to offset a CO2 quadrupling. Here, we employ single‐forcing simulations with Community Earth System Model to decompose the distinct radiative adjustments associated with solar and CO2 forcing in the G1 experiment. We find that radiative adjustments to both single forcings have a net positive effect on top of atmosphere energy balance such that they both increase the net G1 forcing. Stratospheric temperature and shortwave cloud adjustments are the main sources of positive adjustment in both Solar and CO2 simulations. We also show that net radiative adjustment in G1 cannot be represented linearly with CO2 and solar forcing adjustments, which is primarily traced to reductions in boundary layer clouds.
Proton and Helium Ion Acceleration at Magnetotail Plasma Jets
Authors: Richard L. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , Graham D. B. , Vaivads A. , Nikoukar R. , Cohen I. J. , Turner D. L. , Fuselier S. A. , Russell C. T.
Published: July 2022

We investigate two flow bursts in a series of Earthward bursty bulk flows (BBFs) observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft in Earth's magnetotail at (−24, 7, 4) RE in Geocentric Solar Magnetospheric coordinates. At the leading edges of the BBFs, we observe complex magnetic field structures. In particular, we focus on one BBF which contains large‐amplitude magnetic field fluctuations on the time scale of the proton gyroperiod, and another with a large scale dipolarization. For both events, the magnetic field structures are associated with flux increases of supra‐thermal ions with energies ≳100 keV. We observe that helium ions dominate the ion flux at energies ≳150 keV. We investigate the ion acceleration mechanism and its dependence on the mass and charge state of H+ and He2+ ions. We show that for both events, the ions with gyroradii smaller than the dawn‐dusk scale of the structure are accelerated by the ion bulk flow. For ions with larger gyroradii, the acceleration is likely due to a localized spatially limited electric field for the event with a large‐scale dipolarization. For the event with fluctuating magnetic field, the acceleration of ions with gyroradii comparable with the scale of the magnetic fluctuations can be explained by resonance acceleration.
A Multi‐Resolution Finite‐Element Approach for Global Electromagnetic Induction Modeling With Application to Southeast China Coastal Geomagnetic Observatory Studies
Authors: Yao Hongbo , Ren Zhengyong , Tang Jingtian , Zhang Keke
Published: July 2022

We present a multi‐resolution finite‐element approach for three‐dimensional (3D) electromagnetic (EM) induction modeling in spherical Earth. First, the secondary electric field approach is employed so that both magnetospheric and ionospheric current sources are naturally considered. Second, the multi‐resolution tetrahedral grids are used to approximate the heterogeneous crust and mantle, so that the local ocean effects at coastal and island observatories can be accurately simulated. Furthermore, a parallel goal‐oriented hp‐adaptive finite‐element method with Nédélec vector elements is employed to guarantee the accuracy of solutions for arbitrary 3D conductivity distributions. Finally, two synthetic models are used to verify the accuracy and efficiency of our newly developed forward modeling solver. Results show that accurate solutions can be obtained for problems with several million to hundreds of millions of unknowns in a few minutes using 128 cores on a cluster. We apply this approach to correct the near‐surface ocean effects for several unused Chinese coastal observatories by performing multi‐resolution 3D modeling. The corrected data are inverted for the subsurface layered mantle conductivity structures. The conductivity model beneath southeast China is more resistive than that beneath northeast China by more than half an order of magnitude. By comparing the inverse models with the latest laboratory conductivity‐depth profiles, the estimated transition zone water content is less than 0.01 wt% beneath southeast China irrespective of which laboratory data is used. Considering the low‐velocity anomalies in this region, which suggest high‐temperature structures, less water is expected. We, therefore, infer that the mantle transition zone beneath southeast China is dry.
Biofilm cultivation facilitates coexistence and adaptive evolution in an industrial bacterial community
Authors: Henriksen Nathalie N. S. E. , Hansen Mads Frederik , Kiesewalter Heiko T. , Russel Jakob , Nesme Joseph , Foster Kevin R. , Svensson Birte , Øregaard Gunnar , Herschend Jakob , Burmølle Mette
Published: July 2022

The majority of ecological, industrial and medical impacts of bacteria result from diverse communities containing multiple species. This diversity presents a significant challenge as co-cultivation of multiple bacterial species frequently leads to species being outcompeted and, with this, the possibility to manipulate, evolve and improve bacterial communities is lost. Ecological theory predicts that a solution to this problem will be to grow species in structured environments, which reduces the likelihood of competitive exclusion. Here, we explored the ability of cultivation in a structured environment to facilitate coexistence, evolution, and adaptation in an industrially important community:Lactococcus lactisandLeuconostoc mesenteroidesfrequently used as dairy starter cultures. As commonly occurs, passaging of these two species together in a liquid culture model led to the loss of one species in 6 of 20 lineages (30%). By contrast, when we co-cultured the two species as biofilms on beads, a stable coexistence was observed in all lineages studied for over 100 generations. Moreover, we show that the co-culture drove evolution of new high-yield variants, which compared to the ancestor grew more slowly, yielded more cells and had enhanced capability of biofilm formation. Importantly, we also show that these high-yield biofilm strains did not evolve when each species was passaged in monoculture in the biofilm model. Therefore, both co-culture and the biofilm model were conditional for these high-yield strains to evolve. Our study underlines the power of ecological thinking—namely, the importance of structured environments for coexistence—to facilitate cultivation, evolution, and adaptation of industrially important bacterial communities.
Sulfation of sialic acid is ubiquitous and essential for vertebrate development
Authors: Ertunc Nursah , Phitak Thanyaluck , Wu Di , Fujita Hiroshi , Hane Masaya , Sato Chihiro , Kitajima Ken
Published: July 2022

Glycosylation of proteins and lipids occurs in vertebrates, usually terminating with sialylation, which regulates the physicochemical and biological properties of these glycoconjugates. Although less commonly known, sialic acid residues also undergo various modifications, such as acetylation, methylation, and sulfation. However, except for acetylation, the enzymes or functions of the other modification processes are unknown. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the ubiquitous occurrence of sulfated sialic acids and two genes encoding the sialate: O-sulfotransferases 1 and 2 in vertebrates. These two enzymes showed about 50% amino acid sequence identity, and appeared to be complementary to each other in acceptor substrate preferences. Gene targeting experiments showed that the deficiency of these genes was lethal for medaka fish during young fry development and accompanied by different phenotypes. Thus, the sulfation of sialic acids is essential for the vertebrate development.
Weakened pacific overturning circulation, winter monsoon dominance and tectonism re-organized Japan Sea paleoceanography during the Late Miocene global cooling
Authors: Matsuzaki Kenji M. , Ikeda Masayuki , Tada Ryuji
Published: July 2022

The Late Miocene global cooling (LMGC; approximately 7.9–5.8 Ma) was associated with remarkable changes in monsoon dynamics, biogenic bloom in the global oceans, and the rise of modern ecosystems at the expense of old biota. However, the possible linkage between the environmental changes and ecosystem shifts during the LMGC is still debated. In this paper, we show the high-resolution changes in the fluxes of selected radiolarian species, suggesting a drastic reorganization in the paleoceanography and ecosystem in the Japan Sea during the LMGC. The endemic radiolarian Cycladophora nakasekoi dominated the Japan Sea until 7.4 Ma when the Japan Sea sediment changed from dark radiolarian-rich sediment to organic-poor diatom ooze. Changes in the fluxes of C. nakasekoi and Tricolocapsa papillosa, the latter related to changes in the Pacific central water (PCW), show 100, 200, and ~ 500 ka cycles with their high flux mostly within the darker sediment intervals during the low-eccentricity period until 7.4 Ma, suggesting that orbitally paced PCW inflow might have been the major nutrient source into the Japan Sea. At about 7.4 Ma, these species decreased at the expense of increased Larcopyle weddellium, a radiolarian related to the North Pacific intermediate water (NPIW), and Cycladophora sphaeris, a subarctic radiolarian species, implying a decrease in PCW inflow and an increase in the inflow of NPIW and subarctic shallow water. Such a change would have been related to the LMGC-induced weakening in the Pacific Meridional overturning circulation and the southward shift of the subarctic front due to intensified East Asian winter monsoon. Such a drastic reorganization in the hydrography in the Japan Sea probably caused changes in nutrient provenance from the PCW to the NPIW and resulted in faunal turnover, marked by the disappearance of the old regional and endemic faunal components, such as C. nakasekoi.
Greenhouse gases emission reduction for electric power generation sector by efficient dispatching of thermal plants integrated with renewable systems
Authors: Ahmed Ijaz , Rehan Muhammad , Basit Abdul , Hong Keum-Shik
Published: July 2022

This research aims to contribute in developing a mathematical model for the composite probabilistic energy emissions dispatch (CPEED) with renewable energy systems, and it proposes a novel framework, based on an existing astute black widow optimization (ABWO) algorithm. Renewable energy power generation technology has contributed to pollution reduction and sustainable development. Therefore, this research aims to explore the CPEED problem in the context of renewable energy generation systems to enhance the energy and climate benefits of the power systems. Five benchmark test systems, combined with conventional thermal power plants and renewable energy sources such as wind and solar, are considered herein to obtain the optimum solution for cost and pollutant emission by using the ABWO approach. The ascendancy is not limited to environmental impacts, but it also provides the diversification of energy supply and reduction of reliance on imported fuels. As a result, the research findings contribute in lowering the cost of fuel and pollutant emissions, correlated with electricity generation systems, while increasing the renewable energy usage and penetration. Finally, the performance and efficacy of the designed scheme have been fully validated by comprehensive experimental results and statistical analyses.
Inferring the underlying multivariate structure from bivariate networks with highly correlated nodes
Authors: Loske Philipp , Schelter Bjoern O.
Published: July 2022

Complex systems are often described mathematically as networks. Inferring the actual interactions from observed dynamics of the nodes of the networks is a challenging inverse task. It is crucial to distinguish direct and indirect interactions to allow for a robust identification of the underlying network. If strong and weak links are simultaneously present in the observed network, typical multivariate approaches to address this challenge fail. By means of correlation and partial correlation, we illustrate the challenges that arise and demonstrate how to overcome these. The challenge of strong and weak links translates into ill-conditioned matrices that need to be inverted to obtain the partial correlations, and therefore the correct network topology. Our novel procedure enables robust identification of multivariate network topologies in the presence of highly correlated processes. In applications, this is crucial to avoid erroneous conclusions about network structures and characteristics. Our novel approach applies to other types of interaction measures between processes in a network.
Fluorescence in situ hybridisation in Carnoy’s fixed tonsil tissue
Authors: Clark S. T. , Waldvogel-Thurlow S. , Wagner Mackenzie B. , Douglas R. G. , Biswas K.
Published: July 2022

Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) is a powerful molecular technique that enables direct visualisation of specific bacterial species. Few studies have established FISH protocols for tonsil tissue in Carnoy’s fixative, accordingly limiting its application to investigate the pathogenesis of tonsillar hyperplasia. Tonsil tissue from 24 children undergoing tonsillectomy for either recurrent tonsillitis or sleep-disordered breathing were obtained during a previous study. The specificity of each of the five FISH probes (Fusobacterium spp., Bacteroides spp., Streptococcus spp., Haemophilus influenzae and Pseudomonas spp.) were successfully optimised using pure and mixed bacterial isolates, and in Carnoy’s fixed tonsil tissue. Bacteroides spp. were present in 100% of patients with microcolonies. In comparison, the prevalence of Fusobacterium spp. was 93.8%, Streptococcus spp. 85.7%, H. influenzae 82.35% and Pseudomonas spp. 76.5%. Notable differences in the organisation of bacterial taxa within a single microcolony were also observed. This is the first study to establish a robust FISH protocol identifying multiple aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in Carnoy’s fixed tonsil tissue. This protocol provides a strong foundation for combining histological and microbiological analyses of Carnoy’s fixed tonsil samples. It may also have important implications on the analysis of microorganisms in other human tissues prepared using the same techniques.
Using off-gas for insights through online monitoring of ethanol and baker’s yeast volatilome using SESI-Orbitrap MS
Authors: Mengers Hendrik G. , Zimmermann Martin , Blank Lars M.
Published: July 2022

Volatile organic compounds play an essential role in every domain of life, with diverse functions. In this study, we use novel secondary electrospray ionisation high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry (SESI-Orbitrap MS) to monitor the complete yeast volatilome every 2.3 s. Over 200 metabolites were identified during growth in shake flasks and bioreactor cultivations, all with their unique intensity profile. Special attention was paid to ethanol as biotech largest product and to acetaldehyde as an example of a low-abundance but highly-volatile metabolite. While HPLC and Orbitrap measurements show a high agreement for ethanol, acetaldehyde could be measured five hours earlier in the SESI-Orbitrap MS. Volatilome shifts are visible, e.g. after glucose depletion, fatty acids are converted to ethyl esters in a detoxification mechanism after stopped fatty acid biosynthesis. This work showcases the SESI-Orbitrap MS system for tracking microbial physiology without the need for sampling and for time-resolved discoveries during metabolic transitions.