bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transparent reporting items for simulation studies evaluating statistical methods: Foundations for reproducibility and reliability
Authors: Williams Coralie , Yang Yefeng , Lagisz Malgorzata , Morrison Kyle , Ricolfi Lorenzo , Warton David I. , Nakagawa Shinichi
Published: October 2024

Simulation studies are essential tools to assess statistical methods. Functioning as controlled experiments, simulations generate data from known underlying processes. However, unclear or incomplete reporting of simulation studies can impact their interpretability and reproducibility, potentially leading to the misuse of statistical methods. While Morris et al. (2019, Stat Med, 38, p. 2074) recently provided guidance on the planning and conduct of simulation studies for statistical method evaluation, there is currently no comprehensive set of reporting guidelines in ecology and evolutionary biology.

Here, we propose 11 reporting items for statistical simulation studies extending on Morris and colleagues' guidance. These items span across three stages: planning, coding and analysis. We also clarify the terminology related to statistical components and the broad purposes of statistical simulation studies.

To highlight our proposed reporting items with current practices, we surveyed 100 articles in ecology and evolution journals that included a simulation study evaluating a statistical method. Our survey found room for improvement in more transparent reporting to ensure clear evaluation of statistical methods. Most notably, only a small proportion of articles reported a Monte Carlo uncertainty (17%; 17 out of 98), and 32% (32 out of 100) articles did not provide code.

Beyond the proposed reporting items, we discuss the benefits of open science tools to enhance the reproducibility of simulation studies. Specifically, we propose the registration of statistical simulation studies to enhance planning, reporting and collaboration.

We aim to instigate discussions to improve the reporting of simulation studies for statistical method research. The reporting items we propose, along with open science tools, serve as a template for developing standards and guidelines for simulation studies evaluating statistical methods. These reporting guidelines will help enhance reproducibility and indirectly encourage more consideration in the design and conduct of these simulation studies.
Does Media Tone Influence Pre‐IPO Earnings Management? Evidence from IPO Approval Regulation in China
Authors: He Ku , Tian Gary , Wu Yanling
Published: October 2024

Unlike the reputation view on the governance role of the media, we propose that media coverage influences pre‐IPO earnings management through the regulation mechanism. Using the Chinese initial public offering (IPO) approval regulation setting, we find that negative pre‐IPO media tone is associated with lower abnormal accruals but with higher real transactions manipulation and total earnings management in IPO prospectuses. We also find that the media's effect is more pronounced when IPO firms face stronger regulatory scrutiny such as when they have no approval committee connections, no political connections, or no state ownership. Further, we find that the effect of media tone is stronger when the media outlet has high circulation or high credibility. Our findings suggest that, in a highly regulated market, the media plays a limited governance role because, although it has the effect of restraining accruals management, this effect is substituted with more real transactions manipulation to reduce the risk of being punished by regulators.
Positive affect longitudinally buffers the negative effect of health anxiety on gastrointestinal symptoms
Authors: Ross Emily J. , Shanahan Mackenzie , Guadagnoli Livia , Jimenez Daniel E. , Cassisi Jeffrey E.
Published: October 2024

People with significant health anxiety may experience brain‐gut dysregulation, leading to increased visceral sensitivity and greater gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Positive affect (PA), on the other hand, may serve as a protective characteristic, buffering the negative impact of health anxiety on GI symptoms. This study investigated interrelationships between health anxiety, PA, and GI symptoms. Longitudinal data were collected on health anxiety, PA, and GI symptoms via an online survey from 861 adults at two timepoints, 4 weeks apart. Regression models were conducted to examine the moderating effect of PA at baseline on future GI symptoms. Greater health anxiety at baseline predicted GI symptoms at follow‐up, whereas higher levels of PA predicted reduced GI symptoms at follow‐up. Post hoc testing revealed that PA significantly moderated the relationship between health anxiety and GI symptoms over time, such that higher levels of PA attenuated the effect of health anxiety on belly pain, nausea and vomiting, and reflux at follow‐up. This study provides preliminary evidence PA may buffer the negative impact of health anxiety on GI symptoms. Future studies should explore whether the promotion of PA through interventions similarly attenuates health related anxiety's impact on GI symptoms.
Genetic parameters of behavior traits of beef cattle classified using wearable devices
Authors: Onogi Akio , Fujii Riku , Watanabe Toshio , Ogino Atsushi , Shinomiya Masakazu , Kurogi Kazuhito
Published: October 2024

With the development of wearable devices, it is now possible to monitor livestock behavior 24 h a day. In this study, we estimated the genetic parameters of the daily duration of six behaviors (feeding, moving, lying, standing, ruminating while lying, and ruminating while standing) in beef cattle, automatically classified using wearable devices. The devices were attached to 332 Japanese beef cattle at two stations for approximately 5 months. We compared repeatability, Poisson regression, and random regression models using the deviance information criterion. Poisson regression models were selected for all traits at each station, probably because of the non‐normal distribution of the phenotypes. The heritability estimates by the Poisson regression models were moderate at each station: 0.67 and 0.68 for feeding, 0.68 and 0.53 for moving, 0.47 and 0.55 for lying, 0.45 and 0.40 for standing, 0.51 and 0.59 for ruminating while lying, and 0.37 and 0.45 for ruminating while standing. The genetic correlations between these traits were all negative at both stations, whereas the residual correlations showed different directions depending on the station. Although validation studies with larger populations are needed to confirm these findings, this study provides fundamental knowledge of the genetic basis of daily behavior in beef cattle.
Osseodensification technique in crestal maxillary sinus elevation—A narrative review
Authors: Gaspar João , Mazor Ziv , Bonfante Estevam A.
Published: October 2024

Osseodensification is a novel approach that has significantly advanced the field of implant dentistry, particularly in the context of transcrestal maxillary sinus floor elevation. This technique involves the use of specially designed burs that compact and densify bone along the osteotomy walls, thereby enhancing implant primary stability and facilitating osseointegration in low‐density bone. This article reviews the historical evolution of implant site preparation, and the biomechanical, histological, and clinical evidence of osseodensification with a special focus on its application in sinus floor augmentation. The integration of this technique into contemporary practice represents a paradigm shift, offering a minimally invasive and efficient solution for addressing the challenges of posterior maxilla, with improved patient‐reported outcomes and low complication rate. Three different protocols for sinus lift and implant placement using osseodensification burs are proposed based on available literature, and risk factors for Schneiderian membrane perforation based on residual bone height are discussed, along with implant‐related outcomes and patient‐reported outcome measures. The potential for osseodensification to become a standard practice in sinus floor augmentation is emphasized, highlighting key aspects such as surgical protocol and patient selection.
Mapping a psychosocial syndemic among methamphetamine‐using sexual minority men living with HIV
Authors: Gómez Walter , Lee Jasper S. , Organista Kurt C. , Carrico Adam W.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

While research with sexual minority men (SMM) has focused on disparities related to HIV, substance use and mental health, synergistic psychosocial pathways driving these epidemics remain underexplored. We used syndemic theory to assess how psychosocial factors sustain methamphetamine use and hinder recovery efforts for SMM living with HIV.

Methods

A triangulation of network analyses and constructivist grounded theory approaches is utilised to elucidate pathways through which psychosocial factors influence methamphetamine use among this population. Survey data (N = 129) are used for quantitative analyses and a purposive sub‐sample (n = 24) was recruited for semi‐structured interviews for qualitative analyses.

Findings

The network analysis revealed two statistically significant bivariate associations: between post‐traumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms (b = 0.37, SD = 0.07, 95% confidence interval [0.23, 0.49]) and between depression symptoms and negative affect (b = 0.26, SD = 0.07, 95% confidence interval [0.12, 0.38]). Findings from the constructivist grounded theory analysis supplement the network analysis by offering a nuanced take on how negative affect, post‐traumatic stress disorder, and depression symptoms operate synergistically to promote methamphetamine use and impede recovery efforts.

Discussion and Conclusions

Participants relay experiences of using methamphetamine to cope with these psychosocial factors through avoidance, escapism, mood elevation, and numbing of emotions. Findings suggest that centring these psychosocial factors may inform more effective, holistic interventions for this high‐priority population.
Peripersonal Space Plasticity in Relation to Psychopathology and Anomalous Subjective Experiences in Individuals With Early‐Onset and Adult‐Onset Schizophrenia
Authors: Lucarini Valeria , Magnani Francesca , Ferroni Francesca , Ardizzi Martina , Giustozzi Francesca , Volpe Roberto , Fascendini Nikolas , Amorosi Stefano , Rasmi Francesco , Marchesi Carlo , Gallese Vittorio , Tonna Matteo
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Individuals with schizophrenia present anomalies in the extension and plasticity of the peripersonal space (PPS), the section of space surrounding the body, shaped through motor experiences. A weak multisensory integration in PPS would contribute to an impairment of self‐embodiment processing, a core feature of the disorder linked to specific subjective experiences.

In this exploratory study, we aimed at: (1) testing an association between PPS features, psychopathology, and subjective experiences in schizophrenia; (2) describing the PPS profile in individuals with early‐onset schizophrenia.

Materials and Methods

Twenty‐seven individuals with schizophrenia underwent a task measuring the PPS size and boundaries demarcation before and after a motor training with a tool. The Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Examination of Anomalous Self Experience scale (EASE) and the Autism Rating Scale (ARS) were used to assess psychopathology. Subsequently, participants were divided into two subgroups, early and adult‐onset schizophrenia. The two groups were compared in regard to their PPS and psychopathological profiles.

Results

PPS patterns were associated with psychopathology, particularly positively with PANSS negative scale score, and negatively with subjective experiences of existential reorientation (EASE Domain 5 scores) and of social encounters (ARS scores). Only PPS parameters and ARS scores differentiated between early and adult‐onset participants.

Conclusions

Our results, although preliminary and exploratory, can suggest a link between PPS patterns, negative symptoms, and disturbances of the subjective experience, particularly in the intersubjective domain, in schizophrenia. Moreover, they seem to suggest that specific PPS profiles and schizophrenic autism traits could be markers of early‐onset schizophrenia.
Impact of COVID‐19 on Depression, Anxiety and Stress of Dental Students: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gunewardena Nethmi Piyumika , Hironaka Shea Teresa , Khan Hamza Javaid , Rassam Tara Miriam , Kroon Jeroen
Published: October 2024

Aim

To determine the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on depression, anxiety and stress of dental students by way of a systematic review.

Materials and Methods

This review was conducted following the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews. An electronic search was conducted for the period January 2020 to February 2023. Quality assessment was evaluated in accordance with the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. Frequency distribution was calculated for stress, anxiety and depression associated with students' gender, year of study and living circumstances.

Results

Twenty‐three studies were eligible for inclusion in the final review. Variables contributing to stress, anxiety and depression of dental students include gender, year of study and living circumstances. Being female is the most significant factor impacting on mental health.

Conclusions

Results emphasise the need for dental institutions to develop targeted intervention programmes for more vulnerable students. Failure to act in a future pandemic event could result in ongoing psychological issues that persist following graduation, resulting in unfit dentists who may potentially affect the quality of the dental workforce.
The Dissatisfactions of Self‐Consciousness
Authors: Schear Joseph K.
Published: October 2024

Robert Pippin has long defended the Hegelian ‘satisfactions of self‐consciousness’ against virtually all attacks, including Heidegger's. He now concedes in a striking reversal that ‘Heidegger is right’. Pippin diagnoses his past allegiance to the Western rationalist tradition culminating in Hegel as resting on ‘a misplaced confidence in the inescapably self‐reflective character of any orientation or attunement to the meaningfulness of Being’. What were once the satisfactions of self‐consciousness have become its dissatisfactions. But does Pippin's presentation of the rationalist position ultimately make it too easy for Heidegger to topple it? Will the rationalist impulse, interpreted more charitably, rest undisturbed by Pippin's Heideggerian challenge? I identify three assumptions Pippin's Heidegger makes about the role of reason in our orientation towards the world. If these assumptions are considered not only optional but falsifying by any sound rationalist, this will damage the power of Pippin's Heidegerrian critique. For it is only against the background of a credible picture of the presence of reason in human life that the dissatisfactions of self‐consciousness can emerge to reveal a genuine alternative.
International entrepreneurial orientation and international performance: The mediating role of dynamic capabilities and business strategy
Authors: Theodosiou Marios , Katsikea Evangelia , Alarape Oluyomi , Hardy Pascale
Published: October 2024

International entrepreneurial orientation (IEO) and its potential impact on business performance in foreign markets has attracted significant research attention in recent years. However, few studies have attempted to examine how, and under what conditions, IEO results in enhanced performance for international firms. The present study aims to contribute towards filling this gap by investigating the internal mechanism through which IEO influences performance, considering the mediating effects of dynamic capabilities and international business strategy. Using data collected from 258 small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) that engage in international business activities, we find that IEO contributes to the frequent use of sensing and reconfiguring, which in turn fosters international strategy comprehensiveness and implementation speed. Our results also indicate that international strategy comprehensiveness and implementation speed have a positive impact on international market performance. These findings suggest that research on the impact of IEO on performance should explore how it influences firms' dynamic capabilities and examine the effect of these dynamic capabilities on business strategy. For entrepreneurs and managers of emerging market SMEs, our results indicate that IEO should guide international expansion efforts.
Technology acquisitions and investor expectations: Reputation and expectancy violation perspectives
Authors: Chaturvedi Tuhin
Published: October 2024

Employing the organizational reputation lens and expectancy violation theory (EVT), I examine how financial market investors (investors) affect the technology acquisition activity and the likelihood of survival of firms facing technological change. I theorize that when a firm has a growth reputation, that is, investors expect revenue growth in future periods, the likelihood of making an acquisition will increase in anticipation of a positive expectancy violation on the part of investors. In contrast, for a firm that has an income reputation, that is, investors expect shareholder returns in future periods, the likelihood of making an acquisition will decrease in avoidance of a negative expectancy violation on the part of investors. I predict a novel moderating effect of investor expectations—a firm's acquisition activity will exert a stronger positive effect on its likelihood of surviving technological change when investor expectations are growth‐oriented, that is, when there is a positive expectancy violation. Using a multi‐industry sample of industry convergence, a salient form of technological change, I find support for my theoretical predictions. I advance research that examines the reactions of investors to firm strategies during technological change to the domain of technology acquisitions, a salient strategic decision. I also expand the predictive utility of the reputation lens and EVT to the context of firm survival during technological change.
Successful remission of a recurrent metacarpal osteosarcoma of a Warmblood gelding after radiation therapy
Authors: Laekeman M. , Haspeslagh M. , Oosterlinck M. , Vanderperren K. , Soukup A. , Rooms E. , Martens A. , Gruyaert M.
Published: October 2024

A 15‐year‐old Warmblood gelding was presented with recurrence of a histologically confirmed osteosarcoma of the left second and third metacarpal bones 3 years after initial diagnosis and treatment. Initially, surgical excision was performed, followed by local injection of carboplatin 11 weeks later. The horse was sound after surgery and was used for low‐level dressage and jumping. Three years later, the horse developed an acute onset of lameness in the left forelimb and a painful soft tissue swelling at the proximomedial metacarpal region. Radiographs showed a spiculated periosteal reaction on the medial aspect of the third metacarpal bone, indicating re‐activation of the lesion. Stereotactic radiation therapy was performed with a protocol consisting of three fractions under general anaesthesia (Mo‐We‐Fr schedule), and a total dose of 30 Gy. The technique used was volumetric‐modulated arc therapy guided by cone beam computed tomography for daily positioning. Following the radiation therapy, the horse became sound at walk, and 1 month later, it became sound at trot. Follow‐up by veterinary examination 18 months after final treatment revealed no lameness at walk and trot, and a stable radiographic appearance.
Bending fatigue behavior of metastable and stable austenitic stainless steels with different surface morphologies
Authors: Zhu Tong , Smaga Marek , Bozoglu Mustafa , Sala Siva Teja , Kashaev Nikolai , Antonyuk Sergiy , Beck Tilmann
Published: October 2024

The surface morphology has a significant influence on the fatigue behavior of components. For austenitic stainless steels (ASSs), this issue is even more pronounced due to their metastability. Based on the complex deformation mechanisms of metastable ASSs, which include dislocation slip, deformation twinning, and deformation‐induced martensitic phase transformation, the metastable stainless steel AISI 347 was investigated in this study together with the stable AISI 904L as a reference material. Four‐point bending fatigue tests with load ratio R = 0.1 and testing frequency f = 10 Hz at ambient temperature were carried out on specimens with five technically relevant surface morphologies: mechanical polished, milled, microshot peened, laser shock‐peened, and ultrasonic modified. Systematic material characterizations were carried out to elucidate the crucial role of surface roughness and deformation‐induced α′‐martensite in the fatigue behavior of both metastable and stable materials. While surface roughness is a well‐known key factor in conventional fatigue cases, deformation‐induced martensite layers implemented by various surface modification methods were proven to improve the fatigue life in metastable austenitic steels, opening new perspectives to extend the lifetime of ASS components.
Bait Biomass and Caloric Contribution From the Dungeness Crab (Cancer magister) Fishery in Oregon, USA
Authors: Harbison Toby , Henkel Sarah K.
Published: October 2024

Fishery discards worldwide increase the availability of organic materials on the benthos, altering trophic relationships and potentially increasing the abundance of benthic consumers. Expert knowledge from fishers is a valuable yet often underutilized source of information to understand these dynamics. We interviewed Dungeness crab fishers (n = 24) to determine the most‐used bait types and to characterize regional and seasonal bait use strategies that drive inputs of organic matter into Oregon coastal waters during the commercial Dungeness crab fishery each year. Based on bomb calorimetry measurements of caloric densities of 12 commonly reported bait species, total energetic input was 12.99 × 109 kJ (3.10 B kcal) from bait in the 2019–2020 commercial ocean Dungeness season in Oregon, USA. Fishing effort and bait inputs were strongly seasonal, with 88% of effort concentrated in the first 60 days of the 9‐month‐long season but did not vary regionally. This large, temporally concentrated caloric input suggested that bait could contribute substantially to Dungeness crab productivity. Fisher respondents indicated that bait effectiveness was the most important motivating factor in choosing a bait type, more than availability or cost.
A Latitudinal Cline in the Taxonomic Structure of Eelgrass Epifaunal Communities is Associated With Plant Genetic Diversity
Authors: Gross Collin P. , Duffy J. Emmett , Hovel Kevin A. , Reynolds Pamela L. , Boström Christoffer , Boyer Katharyn E. , Cusson Mathieu , Eklöf Johan , Engelen Aschwin H. , Eriksson Britas Klemens , Fodrie F. Joel , Griffin John N. , Hereu Clara M. , Hori Masakazu , Hughes A. Randall , Ivanov Mikhail V. , Jorgensen Pablo , Kardish Melissa R. , Kruschel Claudia , Lee Kun‐Seop , Lefcheck Jonathan , McGlathery Karen , Moksnes Per‐Olav , Nakaoka Masahiro , O'Connor Mary I. , O'Connor Nessa E. , Olsen Jeanine L. , Orth Robert J. , Peterson Bradley J. , Reiss Henning , Rossi Francesca , Ruesink Jennifer , Sotka Erik E. , Thormar Jonas , Tomas Fiona , Unsworth Richard , Voigt Erin P. , Whalen Matthew A. , Ziegler Shelby L. , Stachowicz John J.
Published: October 2024

Aim

Biogenic structural complexity increases mobile animal richness and abundance at local, regional and global scales, yet animal taxa vary in their response to complexity. When these taxa also vary functionally, habitat structures favouring certain taxa may have consequences for ecosystem function. We characterised global patterns of epifaunal invertebrates in eelgrass (Zostera marina) beds that varied in structural and genetic composition.

Location

North America, Europe and Asia.

Time Period

2014.

Major Taxa Studied

Peracarid crustaceans and gastropod molluscs.

Methods

We sampled epifaunal invertebrate communities in 49 eelgrass beds across 37° latitude in two ocean basins concurrently with measurements of eelgrass genetic diversity, structural complexity and other abiotic and biotic environmental variables. We examined how species richness, abundance and community composition varied with latitude and environmental predictors using a random forest approach. We also examined how functional trait composition varied along with community structure.

Results

Total species richness decreased with latitude, but this was accompanied by a taxonomic shift in dominance from peracarid crustaceans to gastropods, which exhibited different sets of functional traits. Greater eelgrass genetic diversity was strongly correlated with both richness and abundance of peracarids, but less so for gastropods.

Main Conclusions

Our results add to a growing body of literature that suggests genetic variation in plant traits influences their associated faunal assemblages via habitat structure. Because peracarids and gastropods exhibited distinct functional traits, our results suggest a tentative indirect link between broad‐scale variation in plant genetic diversity and ecosystem function.
Unwanted cardiopulmonary resuscitation against patients’ “Do Not Attempt Resuscitation” orders in community settings in Japan: A narrative review
Authors: Kuroda Kaku , Ito Kaori , Uemura Takeshi
Published: October 2024

We aimed to synthesize existing research to elucidate the underlying factors and causes responsible for the high prevalence of unwanted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) occurring outside a hospital setting in Japan despite patients' Do Not Attempt Resuscitation (DNAR) orders. We conducted a narrative review by searching PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus for English literature, and Google Scholar for Japanese literature. The key factors we identified included lack of documentation of resuscitation preferences, variation in the perception of other life‐sustaining measures associated with DNAR, non‐inclusion of the patient in discussions of goals of care, unlegislated and unstandardized DNAR orders, emergency medical service activation by the family or facility, the Fire Service Act that mandates life‐saving measures irrespective of the presence of advance directives, fire department protocols and CPR decision‐making, and death pronouncement authorization limited to physicians. This study identified the multifaceted factors and the potential triggers for unwanted CPR despite DNAR orders. These findings underscore the urgent need for comprehensive interventions encompassing educational initiatives, ethical considerations, systemic reforms, and legal adjustments to prevent future unwanted CPRs in Japan. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 1093–1098.
A Life's Work? Unpacking the Existential Meaning of Educational Mobilities for Migrant Families
Authors: Waters Johanna L.
Published: October 2024

It is axiomatic that middle‐class Asian migrant families invest heavily—practically and emotionally—in their children's education. Scholarship has linked this investment to strategies of capital accumulation. There has been little discussion, however, about the transformative nature of these strategies and how they might be framed in terms of migrants' whole lives. This paper applies theoretical concepts from migration studies and a framework proposed by philosopher Charles Taylor, to argue that educational migration should be seen as profoundly life shaping.
Search for putative gene regulatory motifs in CAHS3, linked to anhydrobiosis in a tardigrade Ramazzottius varieornatus, in vivo and in silico
Authors: Ishikawa Sora , Tanaka Sae , Arakawa Kazuharu
Published: October 2024

Tardigrades possess the ability to enter an almost completely dehydrated state, anhydrobiosis. The CAHS (cytosolic abundant heat‐soluble) protein family has been identified as one of the anhydrobiosis‐related proteins. In particular, CAHS3 protein from an anhydrobiotic tardigrade, Ramazzottius varieornatus, shows heat‐solubility and reversible condensation and is one of the most highly expressed among the CAHS paralogs. A recently developed tardigrade‐specific vector showed tissue‐specific expression of RvCAHS3 most pronounced in the epidermis in vivo, contrary to the idea that anhydrobiotic genes are uniformly expressed in all tardigrade cells. In this study, we investigated the regulation of RvCAHS3 gene expression through in vivo expression experiments using tardigrade vectors with a series of truncated upstream regions coupled with in silico analysis to identify the anhydrobiosis‐related genes that are expressed under the same regulatory system as RvCAHS3. As a result, the 300–350 bp region upstream of RvCAHS3 is critical for regulating gene expression in tardigrade vector experiments, and three motifs conserved between two species of anhydrobiotic tardigrades were identified within a 500 bp region directly upstream of RvCAHS3 start codon. These motifs, which have also been identified upstream of other CAHS genes, could be associated with the regulatory system of anhydrobiosis‐related genes in tardigrades.
Significantly energy‐efficient ethanol sensor based on bougainvillea‐like Au/ZnO hierarchical nanostructured materials
Authors: Qi Ying , Liu Chengyou , Yu XiaoQi , Li Zhaoxing , Yu Hai
Published: October 2024

The energy consumption of MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) sensors has always been a challenge in improving their performance. In this study, bougainvillea‐like Au/ZnO nanostructures were successfully synthesized using the hydrothermal method and the sol fixation technique. The composition, crystallinity, crystal structure, and morphology of the materials were characterized using X‐ray diffraction, energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The experimental results confirm the successful synthesis of a substantial quantity of bougainvillea‐like Au/ZnO nanostructures through nanoparticle self‐assembly. The sensitive performance of the bougainvillea‐like Au/ZnO sensor was evaluated using a CGS‐8 intelligent gas‐sensitive analysis system. Results demonstrate that modification of ZnO with Au in a bougainvillea‐like nanostructure significantly enhances sensitivity to ethanol vapor compared to those of unmodified material sensors. Specifically, the optimal work temperature was greatly reduced by 64%, whereas the sensitivity increased approximately 12 times and the response time decreased nearly 5 times. The significantly enhanced ethanol sensitivity can be attributed to the precious metal modification and unique three‐dimensional morphology. It provides the necessary experimental exploration for reducing energy consumption and improving the performance of MOS gas sensors.
Extrusion‐based additive manufacturing of alumina ceramics through controlled extrusion pressure
Authors: Chandan Palivela Bhargav , Sankar Mamilla Ravi
Published: October 2024

The development of dense alumina ceramics through additive manufacturing necessitates the careful analysis of various parameters. The extrusion pressure during printing is a crucial but often overlooked factor in the literature. This study investigates the impact of extrusion pressure on the densification and mechanical properties of alumina ceramics. The primary objective is to analyze extrusion pressure to achieve superior physical and mechanical characteristics while maintaining minimal shrinkage. All other printing parameters were kept constant, and the extrusion pressure was varied from 1 to 2.85 bar during the extrusion‐based additive manufacturing of alumina green bodies. The printed and sintered samples were analyzed for linear shrinkage, density, compressive strength, and microhardness. The results indicate that an extrusion pressure in the 2.2–2.5 bar range leads to alumina ceramics with the best combination of densification and other mechanical properties. Additionally, the interparticle bonding mechanisms contributing to the improved properties of the alumina ceramics were examined. This study provides valuable insights into the role of extrusion pressure in the additive manufacturing process, underscoring its significance in achieving high‐quality alumina ceramics.
Preparation, characterization, and catalytic performance comparison of Ni/LaBO3 and Ru‐Ni/LaBO3 (B = Al, Fe) for methane steam reforming to hydrogen production
Authors: Yan Min , Ren Jinli , Chen Binjian , Shen Qiuwan , Li Xinhai
Published: October 2024

The methane steam reforming (MSR) reaction is a significant process for hydrogen production, and developing catalysts with high activity and stability is crucial. In this work, the supported perovskite catalysts of Ni/LaBO3 and Ru‐Ni/LaBO3 (B = Al, Fe) were prepared by the sol–gel method using citric acid as a gelling agent for MSR to hydrogen production. The phase composition, pore structure, and surface morphology of the prepared catalysts were characterized by X‐ray diffractometer, Brunauer–Emett–Teller, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The reaction activity and stability of the prepared catalysts were tested in the fixed‐bed reactor with the temperature range of 500–800°C. The effect of Ru addition on the structure of perovskite and catalytic performance of MSR is explored. The results showed that 1wt%Ru–15wt%Ni/LaAlO3 catalyst exhibited the most excellent activity and stability during the reaction compared with the other three catalysts. The CH4 conversion, H2 selectivity, and H2 yield of the 1wt%Ru–15wt%Ni/LaAlO3 catalyst could reach 94.68%, 79.78%, and 48.65%, respectively, under the reaction temperature of 800°C and gas hourly space velocity of 36 000 mL/(gh), which were higher than those of a commercial catalyst. It was because that the relatively large surface area of perovskite support provides more active site and the addition of Ru enable Ni to have a smaller size and more dispersion. This study could provide a reference of perovskite catalysts for hydrogen production by MSR.
Loss of phosphatase and tensin homolog expression castration‐sensitive prostate cancer predicts outcomes in men after prostatectomy
Authors: Yanai Yoshinori , Mikami Shuji , Yasumizu Yota , Takeda Toshikazu , Matsumoto Kazuhiro , Kitano Shigehisa , Oya Mototsugu , Kosaka Takeo
Published: October 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the potential for using the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene as a prognostic marker in post‐prostatectomy patients with castration‐sensitive prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods

A total of 180 patients with castration‐sensitive PCa who underwent radical prostatectomy at our institution were included in this study. PTEN expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry, and patients were classified into two groups based on the staining intensity: PTEN‐Normal and PTEN‐Loss. The association between PTEN expression and biochemical recurrence was analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model.

Results

Patients in the PTEN‐Loss group had a higher risk of biochemical recurrence (hazard ratio, 4.642; 95% confidence interval, 2.137–10.083; p < 0.001) and a lower recurrence‐free rate compared to the PTEN‐Normal group (35% vs. 75%). In addition to clinicopathological factors, such as the serum prostate‐specific antigen level, Gleason score, and T stage, evaluation of PTEN expression improved the prediction of biochemical recurrence after prostatectomy (area under the curve, 0.577 vs. 0.688).

Conclusions

Low PTEN expression is a significant predictor of biochemical recurrence in patients with castration‐sensitive PCa who have already undergone prostatectomy.
The role of cytoreductive nephrectomy in the era of immune checkpoint inhibitors: A review of current evidence and ongoing trials
Authors: Hara Takuto , Miyake Hideaki
Published: October 2024

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was diagnosed in over 400 000 individuals globally in 2020, making it a significant global health concern. The incidence of RCC varies by region and overall mortality rates have been declining. This decline is attributed in part to advancements in early cancer detection through imaging and the development of more effective systemic therapies. Cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) was adopted as a standard treatment for metastatic RCC (mRCC) based on clinical experience and early clinical trials. However, the treatment landscape has shifted with the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in 2007 and, more recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Dual ICI therapy and combinations of ICIs with TKIs are collectively referred to as immuno‐combination therapies and have become standard first‐line treatments. This review examines the evolving role of CN in the era of immuno‐combination therapies, with a focus on patient selection and the timing of surgery. The immunogenic nature of RCC, characterized by spontaneous tumor regression and immune cell infiltration, suggests a potential benefit from combining CN with ICI therapy to enhance treatment outcomes. This is supported by several clinical studies that reported improved outcomes; however, these were limited by their retrospective nature. Ongoing clinical trials, such as NORDIC‐SUN, PROBE, and SEVURO‐CN, are expected to provide critical insights into the role of CN in the ICI era. Their findings will ultimately guide future clinical decision‐making and further refine treatment strategies for mRCC.
An adaptation of Random Forest to estimate convex non‐parametric production technologies: an empirical illustration of efficiency measurement in education
Authors: España Victor J. , Aparicio Juan , Barber Xavier
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a novel approach to conduct non‐parametric estimations of production technologies that adhere to the basic assumptions of production theory axioms, including free disposability in inputs and outputs and convexity. The methodology is rooted in adapting the highly effective machine learning techniques associated with Random Forest and the use of splines. The new method features a piecewise linear estimator analogous to data envelopment analysis (DEA); however, it distinguishes itself by addressing DEA's overfitting and lack of robustness via randomization of data and input variables in the construction of the models. In this paper, the virtues of employing machine learning techniques for assessing the efficiency of public services, particularly in the realm of educational institutions, are underscored. The new approach has the capability to predict outputs based on inputs, even for units not included in the observed sample. Furthermore, it enables the identification of the most relevant inputs in relation to output production. To demonstrate the advantages of our method, an estimation of the educational production function is conducted for Spanish regions utilizing data sourced from the Program for International Student Assessment.
Bacteriological analysis of unionid hemolymph collected from freshwater mussel populations in the Pacific northwestern United States
Authors: Leis Eric M. , Dziki Sara , Blevins Emilie , Waller Diane L. , Richard Jordan C. , Knowles Susan , Goldberg Tony L.
Published: October 2024

Native freshwater mussel (Unionidae) mortality events have been occurring with increased frequency in recent decades, with few investigations into potential etiological agents. In the western United States, no surveys have been published regarding the bacteria associated with unionid mussels. Herein, we examine locations of known mussel mortality events in the Chehalis River (Washington), in the Crooked River (Oregon), and Owyhee River (Oregon). Mussel populations considered healthy were sampled in the Skookumchuck River (Washington) for comparison. A variety of bacteria were isolated from these populations, and most notably, Acinetobacter spp. were identified from 82% of moribund individuals of Gonidea angulata in the Owyhee River. Future work evaluating whether Acinetobacter spp. are pathogenic to freshwater mussels could be valuable in unraveling the factors associated with these enigmatic mortality events.
Significant reduction in full‐thickness pressure injuries through the quality improvement project that implements alternating pressure air mattresses
Authors: Chang Hui‐Hsiu , Chiang Wen‐Chu , Hsieh Chia‐Chin , Chang Chen‐Shu , Liao Hui‐Chun , Torng Chau‐Chen , Ma Matthew Huei‐Ming
Published: October 2024

To assess a quality improvement project using alternating pressure air mattresses' impact on reducing full‐thickness pressure injuries by enhancing setting accuracy and device utilization. We retrospectively evaluated adult acute care unit patients with inclusion criteria (Braden scores ≤12 or existing full‐thickness pressure injuries) between May 2020 and August 2023. A wound team attempted to enhance the accuracy, utilization and effectiveness of alternating pressure air mattress implementation. The implementation outcomes were setting accuracy and accurate utilization rates. The clinical outcome was the full‐thickness pressure injury proportion. Utilization and allocation gaps were also calculated. The setting accuracy and accurate utilization rates increased (0.59 to 0.88 and 0.15 to 0.37, respectively). The full‐thickness pressure injury proportion decreased (0.17 to 0.06), with a strong negative correlation coefficient (−0.789) (p < 0.001) with accurate utilization rates. The full‐thickness pressure injury proportion declined faster during the project's complete phase than the partial phase (−0.0046 vs. −0.0016; p < 0.05). The utilization gap narrowed (99 to 60); however, the allocation gap increased (1 to 13), suggesting increased alternating pressure air mattress usage among ineligible patients. Targeting high‐risk patients for alternating pressure air mattress utilization and ensuring correct settings, both performed by a dedicated team, substantially reduces the full‐thickness pressure injury incidence.
Artificial intelligence's suggestions for level of amputation in diabetic foot ulcers are highly correlated with those of clinicians, only with exception of hindfoot amputations
Authors: Mert Merve , Vahabi Arman , Daştan Ali Engin , Kuyucu Abdussamet , Ünal Yunus Can , Tezgel Okan , Öztürk Anıl Murat , Taşbakan Meltem , Aktuğlu Kemal
Published: October 2024

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a growing public health problem, paralleling the increasing incidence of diabetes. While prevention is most effective treatment for DFUs, challenge remains on selecting the optimal treatment in cases with DFUs. Health sciences have greatly benefited from the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) applications across various fields. Regarding amputations in DFUs, both literature and clinical practice have mainly focused on strategies to prevent amputation and identify avoidable risk factor. However, there are very limited data on assistive parameters/tools that can be used to determine the level of amputation. This study investigated how well ChatGPT, with its lately released version 4o, matches the amputation level selection of an experienced team in this field. For this purpose, clinical photographs from patients who underwent amputations due to diabetic foot ulcers between May 2023 and May 2024 were submitted to the ChatGPT‐4o program. The AI was tasked with recommending an appropriate amputation level based on these clinical photographs. Data from a total of 60 patients were analysed, with a median age of 64.5 years (range: 41–91). According to the Wagner Classification, 32 patients (53.3%) had grade 4 ulcers, 16 patients (26.6%) had grade 5 ulcers, 10 patients (16.6%) had grade 3 ulcers and 2 patients (3.3%) had grade 2 ulcers. A one‐to‐one correspondence between the AI tool's recommended amputation level and the level actually performed was observed in 50 out of 60 cases (83.3%). In the remaining 10 cases, discrepancies were noted, with the AI consistently recommending a more proximal level of amputation than what was performed. The inter‐rater agreement analysis between the actual surgeries and the AI tool's recommendations yielded a Cohen's kappa coefficient of 0.808 (SD: 0.055, 95% CI: 0.701–0.916), indicating substantial agreement. Relying solely on clinical photographs, ChatGPT‐4.0 demonstrates decisions that are largely consistent with those of an experienced team in determining the optimal level of amputation for DFUs, with the exception of hindfoot amputations.
Direct measurement of graft and recipient liver fossa size by computed tomography for avoiding problems clue to large graft size in living‐related liver transplantation
Authors: Hirose Tetsuro , Inomoto Takuya , Awane Masaaki , Shirakata Yoshiharu , Nada Takayuki , Moriyasu Fuminori , Uemoto Shinji , Inomata Yukihiro , Tanaka Akira , Tanaka Koichi , Yamaoka Yoshio
Published: October 2024

We investigated the incidence and manifestation of problems associated with large graft size in living‐related liver transplantations. and assessed the usefulness of determining volume and dimensions of the graft and recipient's liver fossa by computed tomography to indicate the risk. Five of 150 living related liver transplantations had grafts. that were too large, resulting in difficulty in primary abdominal closure or in sudden worsening of hemodynamics during primary closure. No significant difference existed in recipient age, sex, body weight, selection of the graft segment, hepatic vein reconstruction, recipient resected liver weight, graft volumetry value, the ratio of body weight of donor relative to recipient, and the percentage of graft weight relative to recipient body weight, between the groups with and without these problems. Mean ± SEM of maximal dimensional ratio, defined as the maximum of the ratios of 3 dimensions of the graft relative to recipient liver fossa, were 2.36 ± 0.64 for patients with grafts that were too large and 1.00 ± 0.02 for the cases without size problems. The mean ± SEM of liver fossa index, defined as the product of 3 dimensions of recipient liver fossa, were (25.03±7.18) × 104 mm3 and (127.54±5.07) × 104 mm3, respectively. These two indices clearly indicated the risk of problems due to large graft size, and will help to protect recipients and provide a basis for evaluating graft size in reductions.
Seasonal Influence on 7,12‐Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene‐Induced Mammary Carcinogenesis in Sprague‐Dawley Rats under Controlled Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Löscher Wolfgang , Mevissen Meike , Häuβler Monika
Published: October 2024

There is good evidence in some species, including rats, that circannual rhythms are innate and can occur even under constant environmental conditions. Such circannual rhythms, e.g. in hormone levels and immune system function, may influence tumourigenesis. This prompted us to study 7,12‐dimelhylbenz[a]anthracene(DMBA)‐induced mammary carcinogenesis at different seasons of the year in female Sprague‐Dawley rats under constant environmental conditions (photoperiod, temperature, air humidity, food). DMBA was administered orally at a dose of 5 mg per rat at the first day of the experiment and then at weekly intervals up to a total dose of 20 mg per rat. Rats were palpated once weekly for the presence of mammary tumours. After 13 weeks, they were necropsied for examination of the number and size of mammary tumours. Age‐matched groups of 36‐99 rats were used per experiment. When the experiment was performed twice within 2 years during the same season (spring/summer), tumour incidence (56 and 61%) and tumour burden were almost equal, indicating that data obtained in this way were reproducible. However, the same experiment performed in autumn yielded a significantly lower tumour incidence (34%) and tumour burden. When the experiment was started during winter, tumour incidence was similar to the spring/summer groups, but tumour burden was lower. The data indicate a seasonal variation in the development and growth of DMBA‐induced breast cancer in Sprague‐Dawley rats. One possible explanation for this phenomenon may be the seasonal variation in pineal melatonin production and immune function previously reported in rodents under constant environmental conditions.