bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Cassave leaf flavonoid extract on TNF-α expressions in rat models suffering from periodontitis
Authors: Meilawaty Zahara , Kusumawardani Banun
Published: March 2017

Background: Bacteria playing a role in periodontitis are Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria that can release endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS acts as a stimulus to a variety of host cells that can stimulate expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in periodontal disease, such as IL-1α, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Increased TNF-α then can lead to periodontal tissue destruction. Furthermore, cassava leaves have many health benefits due to flavonoid organic compound contained, known to possess anti-inflammatory activity are used as a medicine. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effect of cassava leaf flavonoid extract as a basic ingredient of anti-inflammatory gel on TNF-α expression in Wistar rats suffering from periodontitis induced with Escherichia coli (E. coli) LPS. Method: This study used 24 male Wistar rats. Those rats were divided into six groups. Group 1 consisted of four rats induced with E. coli LPS for 2 weeks, and then decapitation was performed on day 3. Group 2 consisted of four rats induced with E. coli LPS for 2 weeks, and then decapitation was conducted on day 7. Group 3 consisted of four rats induced with E. coli LPS for 2 weeks, treated with the topical cassava leaf flavonoid extract gel (Manihot esculenta) at a concentration of 25%, and then decapitation was performed on day 3. Group 4 consisted of four rats induced with E. coli LPS for 2 weeks, treated with the topical cassava leaf flavonoid extract gel (Manihot esculenta) at a concentration of 25%, and then decapitation was conducted on day 7. Group 5 consisted of four rats induced with E. coli LPS for 2 weeks, treated with the topical cassava leaf flavonoid extract gel (Manihot esculenta) at a concentration of 50%, and then decapitation was performed on day 3. And, group 6 consisted of four rats induced with E. coli LPS for 2 weeks, treated with the topical Cassava leaf flavonoid extract gel (Manihot esculenta) at a concentration of 50%, and then decapitation was conducted on day 7. The topical Cassava leaf flavonoid extract gel was inserted into gingival sulcus on the first right molar of their lower jaw by using a blunted syringe needle. The gel was given two times a day for 7 days. Result: The expression of TNF-α in the control group was more than that in the treatment groups given the Cassava leaf flavonoid extract gel at the concentrations of 25% and 50%. The expression of TNF-α in the treatment groups given the cassava leaf flavonoid extract gel at the concentration of 50% was lower than that in the treatment groups given the cassava leaf flavonoid extract gel at the concentration of 25%. Conclusion: Cassava leaf flavonoid extract gel could be used as an anti-inflammatory gel characterized by a decrease in TNF-α expression in rat models suffering from periodontitis.
Effects of Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) brewing on levels of RANKL and TGF- β1 in orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Herniyati Herniyati , Narmada Ida Bagus , Soetjipto Soetjipto
Published: March 2017

Background: Orthodontic tooth movement will be followed by periodontal ligament and alveolar bone remodeling. Orthodontic mechanical force (OMF) will be distributed through the teeth to periodontal ligament and alveolar bone and then will generate local pressure resulting in bone resorption and tension areas that will form new bone. Robusta coffee contains caffeine, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid. Caffeine may increase osteoclastogenesis, and caffeic acid has antioxidant effects that may reduce oxidative stress in osteoblasts. Purpose: This study conducted to analyze the effect Robusta coffee steeping on levels of RANKL and TGF-β1 in orthodontic tooth movement. Method: 16 male rats were divided into 2 groups. Group C: rats given OMF, Group T: given OMF and coffee brew at 20 mg/ 100 g BW. OMF in rats was conducted by applying ligature wire on the molar-1 (M-1) and both incisivus of right maxilla. Subsequently, M-1 of right maxilla was moved to mesial with a Niti closed coil spring. Observations were made on days 15 and 22 by taking the GCF by putting paper point on the gingival sulcus of mesio- and disto-palatal areas of M-1 of right maxilla to determine the levels of RANKL and TGF-β1 using ELISA method. Result: The administration of coffee brew was effective to increase levels of RANKL and TGF-β1 in the compression and tension areas (p <0.05). RANKL levels in compression area were higher than in the tension area (p <0.05), while the levels of TGF-β1 in the tension area were higher than in the compression area (p <0.05). Conclusion: The administration of coffee brew was effective to increase the levels of RANKL and TGF-β, therefore it might improve alveolar bone remodeling process.
Inhibitory effect of jengkol leaf (Pithecellobium jiringa) extract to inhibit Candida albicans biofilm
Authors: Luthfi Muhammad , Arundina Ira , Hamni Nizamiar
Published: March 2017

Background: Candida albicans (C. albicans) are dimorphic fungi in oral cavity, considered not only as normal flora, but also as pathogens. C. albicans have an ability to grow biofilm, which has a thick layer of outer skin structure, called as extracellular matrix. Jengkol leaves (Pithecellobium jiringa) contain alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and lectins, which have an ability as antifungal agent Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the optimum dose of jengkol leaf extract as antibiofilm against C. albicans biofilms. Method: C. albicans were cultured on yeast peptone dextrosa (YPD) media in 96-well microtiter plate flat bottom plates. There were one control group (without treatment) and three treatment groups. The first treatment group was given jengkol leaf extract at a dose of 100 mg/ ml. The second treatment group was given jengkol leaf extract at a dose of 200 mg/ ml. And, the third treatment group was given jengkol leaf extract at a dose of 400 mg/ ml. Semi quantitative method was applied to determine C. albicans biofilmsis using Crystal Violet staining technique. The absorbance of the cells then was calculated using a spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 570 nm. Result: The mean value of optical density in the control group was 1.23. The mean value of optical density in the treatment group with a dose of 100 mg/ ml was 0.2. Meanwhile, the mean value of optical density in the treatment group with a dose of 200 mg/ ml was 0.2, and 0.21 in the treatment group with a dose of 400 mg/ ml. The results also showed that there were significant differences between the control group and all of the treatment groups (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the treatment groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: The optimum dose of jengkol leaf extract used as antibiofilm against C. albicans biofilms is 100 mg /ml with an inhibitory percentage of 83.7%.
PEMANFAATAN KULIT SINGKONG SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU ARANG AKTIF DENGAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI NaOH DAN SUHU
Authors: Ariyani Ariyani , R. Putri A. , P. Eka R. , R. Fathoni
Published: March 2017

Abstrak- Arang aktif dapat dibuat dari berbagai macam bahan baku salah satunya adalah kulit singkong karena kulit singkong memiliki kandungan karbon sebesar 59,31%. Salah satu pemanfaatan arang aktif adalah sebagai adsorben pada pemurnian air sungai. Arang aktif kulit singkong dibuat dengan proses karbonisasi pada suhu yaitu 300°C, 500°C, dan 700°C di dalam furnace. Arang aktif yang telah dikarbonisasi akan diaktifkan dengan variasi konsentrasi NaOH yaitu 0,1 N; 0,2 N; dan 0,3 N dengan waktu perendaman selama 24 jam. Kemudian dikontakkan dengan air sungai selama 30 menit dan dianalisa penyerapan logam Fe dan Mn pada air sungai. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil terbaik untuk penyerapan logam Fe yaitu pada suhu 700°C dan konsentrasi NaOH 0,3 N didapatkan konsentrasi penyerapan sebesar 0 mg/mL (tidak terdeteksi), sedangkan untuk logam Mn pada suhu 300°C dan konsentrasi NaOH 0,3 N didapatkan konsentrasi penyerapan sebesar 0,213 mg/mL. Kata kunci: arang aktif, kulit singkong, Fe, Mn                                                         Abstract- Active charcoal can be made from a variety of raw materials, one of which is the cassava skin because the skin has a carbon content of cassava 59,31%. One of the utilization of active charcoal is as adsorbents on purification of river water. Active charcoal cassava peels are made with the process of carbonization temperature 300ºC, 500ºC, and 700ºC in the furnace. Active charcoal that has been in the carbonization is enabeld NaOH concentrations variations 0,1 N; 0,2 N; and 0,3 N with a time of immersion for 24 hours. Then in contact with river water right for 30 minutes and analyzed metal absorption of Fe and Mn in the river water. This research it can be concluded that the best results for the absorption of metals Fe, namely at a temperature 700ºC and rhe concentration of NaOH 0,3 N obtained concentration absorption of 0 mg/mL (not detected), while for metal Mn at temperatures of 300ºC and the concentration of NaOH 0,3 N obtained concentration absorption of 0,213 mg/mL.   Keywords: active charcoal, cassava peels, Fe, Mn
Camelina Seed Yield and Fatty Acids as Influenced by Genotype and Environment
Authors: Obour Augustine K. , Obeng Eric , Mohammed Yesuf A. , Ciampitti Ignacio A. , Durrett Timothy P. , Aznar‐Moreno Jose A. , Chen Chengci
Published: March 2017

Core Ideas

Genotype × environment affected camelina seed yield, oil and constituent fatty acids.

Blaine Creek produced the greatest seed among the camelina genotypes studied.

Camelina grown at Hays, KS, had less yields and oil content compared to Moccasin, MT.

Camelina at Moccasin, MT had greater linolenic acid content compared to Hays, KS.

Camelina (Camelina sativaL. Crantz) is an alternative oilseed crop with potential for fallow replacement in dryland cereal‐based crop production systems in the semiarid Great Plains. The interaction between genotype and environment was investigated on camelina seed yield, oil content, and fatty acid composition across two locations in the U.S. Great Plains. Treatments were three spring camelina genotypes (cultivars Blaine Creek, Pronghorn, and Shoshone), three growing seasons (2013, 2014, and 2015) and two locations (at Hays, KS, and Moccasin, MT). Results showed camelina grown at Hays yielded 54% less than that at Moccasin. Blaine Creek yielded 17 and 42% more than Pronghorn and Shoshone at Hays but yields were not different among genotypes at Moccasin. Oil content ranged from 262 g kg−1at Hays to 359 g kg−1at Moccasin. The proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) ranged from 51% at Hays to 55% at Moccasin, whereas monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and saturated fatty acid (SFA) contents were greater at Hays. The linolenic acid content ranged from 26% when Pronghorn was planted at Hays to 35% when planted at Moccasin. In general, the variations in seed yield and fatty acid profile corresponded well with growing season precipitation and temperatures at each environment.
Strategic Nitrogen Supply Alters Canopy Development and Improves Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Dryland Wheat
Authors: Zhou Yi , Hooper Peter , Coventry David , Denton Matthew D.
Published: March 2017

Core Ideas

Strategic application of N fertilizer produced a thinner and more open crop canopy.

The smaller canopy delayed demand for soil moisture.

The smaller canopy reduced shoot mortality and increased harvest index.

Higher N uptake from sowing N application did not result in more harvest N.

Strategic N application can improve yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) but the reliability of the response in dryland conditions is often low, leading to poor predictability of N responses. The objective of this study was to provide an understanding of how nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) could be improved by strategic N application. Experiments with seven N application timings and two N rates were conducted at two sites over two seasons to evaluate the effects of strategic N supply on N uptake, canopy development, and yield components. Delaying the application of N fertilizer initially produced a thinner, more open crop canopy, compared with application of N at sowing, as indicated by significantly lower light interception (LI) (68 vs. 80%), which was associated with reduced shoot mortality (r = –0.71) and increased harvest index (HI) (r = 0.71–0.96). Nitrogen applied only at sowing had higher preanthesis N uptake (96.6 kg N ha−1 vs. 78.1 kg N ha−1), but did not result in more grain N at harvest. A smaller canopy, resulting from lower initial N supply, was able to respond to late N application, potentially through retaining more soil water at anthesis (80 mm vs. 69 mm at 0–60‐cm depth). The results provide evidence that in rainfed wheat production systems, early season N application is an inefficient strategy to convert biomass and N into grain. Manipulating canopy development through N management can alter canopy size and water use patterns, to improve NUE and reduce risk in dry seasons.
Identifying Physiological and Yield‐Related Traits in Sugarcane and Energy Cane
Authors: Zhao Duli , Irey Mike , LaBorde Chris , Hu Chen‐Jian
Published: March 2017

Core Ideas

Energy cane may be an alternative crop on sand soils in the future to improve profits.

It is unclear if energy cane differs from sugarcane in physiology and yield on sand soils.

Energy cane had 26 to 35% greater normalized difference vegetation index and 21% higher yield than sugarcane.

Increased yield of energy cane was associated with great normalized difference vegetation index and high stalk population rather than leaf net photosynthetic rate.

A growing interest of producing sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum spp.) for both sugar and bioenergy and saturation of using organic soils provide an opportunity to expand production on mineral (sand) soils. However, sugarcane yields and profits on sand soils are generally low. Energy cane may be an alternative on sand soils in the future to improve profits. The objective of this study was to identify physiological and biomass traits of sugarcane and energy cane growing on sand soils. Two commercial sugarcane cultivars and two energy cane clones were planted at two sites with sand soils in southern Florida. Data were collected on plant‐cane, first‐ratoon, and second‐ratoon crops. Leaf relative chlorophyll level (SPAD), photosynthetic rate (Pn), and canopy reflectance were measured during tillering and grand growth. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was calculated based on canopy reflectance data. Stalk population, diameter and length, and aboveground biomass yields were determined when plants reached maturation. Although there were no consistent differences between sugarcane and energy cane in leaf SPAD, Pn or NDVI of plant cane, energy cane had 26 to 35% greater NDVI values than sugarcane in the ratoon crops. Energy cane showed 21% higher dry biomass than sugarcane, averaged across sites and crops. Increased biomass production of energy cane was mainly associated with high stalk population, long stalk, and great NDVI rather than leaf Pn or stalk diameter. The findings of this study on physiological parameters of energy cane vs. sugarcane can be useful for improvement of knowledge and future research.
Inoculum Rate Effects on the Soybean Symbiosis in New or Old Fields under Tropical Conditions
Authors: Hungria Mariangela , Araujo Ricardo Silva , Silva Júnior Elson Barbosa , Zilli Jerri Édson
Published: March 2017

Core Ideas

Inoculum rate with elite strains is critical to achieve the benefits of biological N2 fixation.

The minimum rate of 1.2 × 106 cells of Bradyrhizobium seed−1 was determined to benefit biological N2 fixation.

Soybean can highly benefit from biological N2 fixation.

Some sites required 2.4 × 106 cells seed−1 and could respond to higher rates.

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] can highly benefit from inoculation with elite strains of Bradyrhizobium, selected for high capacity of N2 fixation. However, to achieve the benefits, the strains must be capable of effectively nodulate the host, and inoculum rate may be critical, especially under stressing tropical environmental conditions. We performed 10 field experiments, in four crop seasons and four Brazilian states, including soils without and with established populations of soybean bradyrhizobia, to investigate the effects of inoculum rates, consisting of zero, 0.6 × 106, 1.2 × 106, and 2.4 × 106 colony forming units (CFU) per seed. Nodule number and dry weight were evaluated at early flowering and grain yield and N content in grains at the physiological maturity. Satisfactory nodulation and grain yields were obtained with 1.2 × 106 CFU seed−1. However, there were sites with and without established population of bradyrhizobia where maximum nodulation and/or yields were achieved with inoculum rate of 2.4 × 106 CFU seed−1, and that could require even higher rates. Therefore, we suggest the adoption of the minimum inoculum rate of 1.2 × 106 cells of Bradyrhizobium seed−1 for soybean planting in the tropics, to achieve maximum contribution of biological N2 fixation.
Allometric Method to Estimate Leaf Area Index for Row Crops
Authors: Colaizzi Paul D. , Evett Steven R. , Brauer David K. , Howell Terry A. , Tolk Judy A. , Copeland Karen S.
Published: March 2017

Core Ideas

A new allometric method was developed to estimate LAI for row crops.

Good agreement resulted for four crops over multiple seasons.

Best agreement resulted using GDD, plant population, and canopy height.

Leaf area index (LAI) is critical for predicting plant metabolism, biomass production, evapotranspiration, and greenhouse gas sequestration, but direct LAI measurements are difficult and labor intensive. Several methods are available to measure LAI indirectly or calculate LAI using allometric methods (i.e., exploiting relationships between LAI and more easily measured plant variables), but these depend on other measurements not widely available, and have limited transferability to different seasons. A new allometric method using a log normal function was developed to calculate LAI. Input variables were normalized cumulative growing degree days (CGDD), canopy height (CH), and plant population (PP), which were usually more widely available in crop production datasets. Destructive LAI measurements were obtained over multiple growing seasons for corn (Zea mays L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] at USDA‐ARS, Bushland, TX. Log normal functions were calibrated to LAI measurements from a single season of each crop, and tested using independent LAI measurements from all remaining crop seasons. For all crops, discrepancies between calculated and measured LAI resulted in coefficients of determination from 0.23 to 0.85, model indices of agreement from 0.52 to 0.84, root mean square errors from 0.76 to 1.4, mean absolute errors from 0.57 to 1.2, and mean bias errors from ‐0.46 to 0.60. The new allometric method can mitigate missing or sparse LAI data, which will enhance the value of large ecological datasets.
Ammonia and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Broiler Houses with Downtime Windrowed Litter
Authors: Ro Kyoung S. , Moore Philip A. , Szogi Ariel A. , Millner Patricia D.
Published: March 2017

An emerging poultry manure management practice is in‐house windrowing to disinfect the litter. However, this practice is likely to increase emissions of ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) from the windrowed litter. The objective of this study was to quantitatively compare NH3 and N2O emissions from broiler houses with and without in‐house windrowing. Two broiler houses at a commercial farm were used to compare the NH3 and N2O emissions. Gas emission measurements were conducted continuously and simultaneously for both the control house (without windrowing) and the house with windrowing during the same production periods. The house emission rates were calculated by multiplying the hourly mean gas concentrations and the ventilation rates. The windrowed litter temperature was significantly higher than that of the control litter. The impact of downtime (the time lapse between flocks, during which the bird house is empty) windrowing litter on pathogen reduction was inconclusive because of very low or no recovery of both Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. from control or windrowed litter samples, respectively. The windrowing house NH3 emissions were 26.2 and 16.6 kg d−1 house−1, whereas for the control house, they were 14.6 and 12.8 kg d−1 house−1 in 2012 and 2013, respectively. The N2O emissions from the windrowing house were also higher than those from the control house. The total NH3 and N2O emissions from broiler houses practicing windrowing litter management were estimated to be 35.0 and 4.43 g bird−1, respectively, compared with 31.9 and 3.89 g bird−1 for the control house, respectively.

Core Ideas

Significantly high NH3 and N2O emissions from a downtime windrowing house.

31% of NH3 and 16% of N2O emissions per bird were attributed to windrowing litter.
Influence of the age of rats treated with the sodium salt of glutamate acid on the reactivity of astroglia of the infundibular nucleus
Authors: Krawczyk Aleksandra Ewa , Jaworska-Adamu Jadwiga
Published: March 2017

The aim of the study was the immunohistochemical evaluation of the impact of the age of animals treated with the sodium salt of glutamic acid on the behaviour of astrocytes of the infundibular nucleus (IN). Immunohistochemical peroxidase-antiperoxidase reactions were conducted on brain sections of 10-day-old (I) and 63-day-old (II) rats treated s.c with monosodium glutamate (MSG) in a dose of 4g/kg b.w. for three consecutive days. The staining was performed using specific antibodies against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S-100β protein and Ki-67 antigen. Cells immunopositive for the proteins under investigation were assessed morphologically and morphometrically in an Olympus BX51 light microscope with the Cell ^ D program. Statistically significant differences were tested using ANOVA and the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test. In the infundibular nucleus of 10-day-old rats treated with MSG, there was an increase in the number of GFAP, S-100β and Ki-67 immunopositive astrocytes without any changes in their morphology, which was typical of immature glia. In adult rats treated with MSG, a decrease in the number of cells expressing GFAP and S-100β was found. Most astrocytes had thick and weakly branched processes, in contrast to those observed in control animals. The results of our study showed a diverse behaviour of astroglia of IN in young and adult rats treated with MSG. In 10-day-old rats, hyperplasia of glia occurred, whereas in 63-day-old individuals there was a loss and hypertrophy of astrocytes, which may indicate a late stage of their reactivity. This information may contribute to targeting the therapy of diseases of the nervous system induced by the excitotoxic effects of glutamate.
Dental anesthesia in small mammals on the example of domestic rabbits
Authors: Chmurska Maria , Sowińska Natalia , Pietsch-Fulbiszewska Agnieszka
Published: March 2017

The domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus f. domesticus) has become a very popular companion animal kept at present in Europe. Dental problems in rabbits are prevalent. The medical procedure in these patients is based primarily on surgical treatment, which is associated with pain during treatment. This paper aims to familiarize readers with the techniques of local anesthesia, which can be used in dentistry of the domestic rabbit. The study summarizes the specifics of the anatomy of the rabbit skull. On the basis of original papers, in which the domestic rabbit or other small mammals were the research model, the drugs used for local anesthesia and techniques of local anesthesia with possible complications have been described in the present work.
La filosofía de las matemáticas de Aristóteles
Authors: Sánchez Miguel Martí
Published: March 2017

La filosofía de las matemáticas de Aristóteles es una investigación acerca de tres asuntos diferentes pero complementarios: (1) el lugar epistemológico de las matemáticas en el organigrama de las ciencias teoréticas o especulativas; (2) el estudio del método usado por el matemático para elaborar sus doctrinas, sobre todo la geometría y la aritmética; y (3) la averiguación del estatuto ontológico de las entidades matemáticas. Para comprender lo peculiar de la doctrina aristotélica es necesario tener en cuenta que su principal interés está en poner en relación la matemática con la filosofía primera u ontología y la física, y salvaguardar el campo de conocimiento propio de cada una de ellas.Aristotle’s Philosophy of Mathematics can be defined as the research about three different issues: (1) what is the epistemological place of mathematics inside the realm of speculative sciences; (2) what is the method of mathematics, especially the method of geometry and arithmetic; and (3) what is the ontological status or kind of existence of mathematical entities. The primary aim of Aristotle is to build a bridge between mathematics, ontology and philosophy of nature, in order to make clear what is the object of each one.
Dynamic simulation of sediment resuspension and its effect on water quality in Lake Taihu, China
Authors: Wang Jianjian , Zhao Qiaohua , Pang Yong , Li Yiping , Yu Zhiguo , Wang Yishu
Published: March 2017

Quantitative studies on sediment release fluxes and their impact on water quality are important for water pollution control, ecological restoration, water safety, and human health. In this study, we conducted high-frequency, synchronous field observations of meteorology, hydrology, and water quality to determine the relationship between sediment release rate and wind speed in the central region of Lake Taihu. We combined these results with our previous findings from other regions to establish the temporal–spatial variation in sediment release patterns for this lake. We then calculated the annual total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) release fluxes. We constructed an environmental fluid dynamics code (EFDC) model; we then loaded the temporal–spatial variation parameters and simulated the effects on different TN and TP concentrations. Overall, the following results were observed: (1) the critical wind speed at which sediment was first suspended in the central region of the lake was 4 m/s, and the fitted curve of the sediment release rate and wind speed was r = 144.7x−100 (R2 = 0.851); and (2) the annual TN and TP release fluxes of Lake Taihu were approximately 3,086 and 740 tons, respectively. This research would provide a basis for decision-making regarding pollution control in this region.
Assessment of Comorbidity as a Risk Factor for Edematous Pancreatitis Considering IL-4 (C-590T) Gene Polymorphism
Authors: Ivashchuk Serge Ivanovich , Sydorchuk Larysa Petrivna
Published: March 2017

The comorbidities affect the course of pancreatitis significantly; however, this effect has not been evaluated from the perspective of genetic component.The objective of the research was to analyse concomitant chronic diseases as potential risk factors for edematous pancreatitis considering genetic predictors.Materials and methods. The epidemiological analysis of comorbidities (cholelithiasis, urolithiasis, ischemic heart disease, past viral infection) as risk factors for edematous pancreatitis was performed. Polymorphic variants of the IL-4 (rs 2243250) gene being identified in 123 patients and 40 healthy individuals were also involved.Results. In patients with edematous pancreatitis, urolithiasis was observed more frequently than in the control group - by 37.30% (χ2=18.62, p<0.001). The presence of cholelithiasis insignificantly increases the risk of edematous pancreatitis in the future (RR-1.156; 95% CI: 0.972-1.374). The presence of urolithiasis increased the risk of edematous pancreatitis twofold (RR-2.039; 95% CI: 1.346-3.090; p<0.05).Conclusions. 1. Cholelithiasis increases the probability of developing edematous pancreatitis in carriers of the mutant T-allele of the IL-4 gene by 3.7 times (RR=3.69; OR=10.13; 95% CI OR: 3.17-32.42; p<0.05). 2. In the C-allele carriers of the IL-4 (C-590T) gene, the risk of developing acute pancreatitis is twice higher in the presence of urolithiasis or ischemic heart disease, and almost five times higher in case of past viral infection (p<0.05).
Dental Students’ Clinical Experience Across Three Successive Curricula at One U.S. Dental School
Authors: White Joel M. , Jenson Larry E. , Gansky Stuart A. , Walsh Cameron J. , Accurso Brent T. , Vaderhobli Ram M. , Kalenderian Elsbeth , Walji Muhammad F. , Cheng Jing
Published: March 2017

As dental schools continue to seek the most effective ways to provide clinical education for students, it is important to track the effects innovations have on students’ clinical experience to allow for quantitative comparisons of various curricula. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of three successive clinical curricula on students’ experience at one U.S. dental school. The three were a discipline‐based curriculum (DBC), a comprehensive care curriculum (CCC), and a procedural requirement curriculum plus externships (PRCE). Students’ clinic experience data from 1992 to 2013 were analyzed for total experience and in five discipline areas. Clinic experience metrics analyzed were patient visits (PVs), relative value units (RVUs), and equivalent amounts (EQAs). A minimum experience threshold (MET) and a high experience threshold (HET) were set at one standard deviation above and below the mean for the DBC years. Students below the MET were designated as low achievers; students above the HET were designated as high achievers. The results showed significant differences among the three curricula in almost all areas of comparison: total PVs, total EQAs, total RVUs, RVUs by discipline, and number of high and low achievers in total clinical experience and by discipline. The comprehensive care approach to clinical education did not negatively impact students’ clinical experience and in many cases enhanced it. The addition of externships also enhanced student total clinical experience although more study is needed to determine their effectiveness. The insights provided by this study suggest that the methodology used including the metrics of PVs, EQAs, and RVUs may be helpful for other dental schools in assessing students’ clinical experience.
Assessment of Thiel‐Embalmed Cadavers as a Teaching Tool for Oral Anatomy and Local Anesthesia
Authors: Lone Mutahira , McKenna Joseph P. , Balta Joy Y. , O'Mahony Siobhain M. , Cryan John F. , Downer Eric J. , Toulouse André
Published: March 2017

The aim of this study was to determine whether Thiel‐embalmed cadavers would provide a useful anatomy teaching tool for topics that cannot be approached using formalin‐fixed cadavers such as oral cavity examination and maxillary anesthesia. The suitability of Thiel‐embalmed bodies for performing oral examinations was assessed by asking first‐year dental and dental hygiene students at a dental school in Ireland to identify oral structures on a classmate and on a Thiel‐embalmed body. The study was conducted in 2016. The ease of location was compared in the two settings, and their quality was assessed on the cadavers. The suitability of Thiel‐embalmed cadavers to teach maxillary anesthesia was assessed by students’ performing mock injections at five adjacent sites daily for five consecutive days, followed by inspection of the gingival surface by experienced anatomists and dentists. Data were obtained from 57 students, but only the 54 forms that were fully completed were analyzed, for an overall response rate of 85.7%. The results showed that most oral structures were more difficult to locate on cadavers. The texture and appearance of features in the cadavers were rated at a midpoint between realistic and unrealistic. The relative inexperience of the participants, the accumulation of fixative in the oral cavity, and discoloration were mentioned as potential confounding factors. Visual analysis of images obtained following repeated injections revealed no deterioration of the tissue. Importantly, the puncture marks appeared to reduce over time, suggesting that the gingival tissue maintains some elasticity following Thiel fixation. These findings suggest that Thiel‐embalmed cadavers may be a useful tool to provide students more time to localize and study aspects of the oral cavity. Likewise, the recoiling capacity of gingival tissue suggests that Thiel‐embalmed cadavers may provide an ideal tool for teaching injection technique of local anesthetics.
Оптимізація анестезіологічного захисту при кесаревому розтині
Authors: En-Din Kim , Abidov A.K. , A.F. Ilkhamov , Makhkamov B.I. , Bezschetnova Ye.A. , Kamalova N.M. , Shodmankulova N.K. , Atadzhanov A.H.
Published: March 2017

Спінальну анестезію (СА) виконано в 93 жінок при кесаревому розтині. Показаннями до операції слугували: хвороба оперованої матки, неспроможність рубця на матці, клінічно вузький таз, міопія високого ступеня, вторинна родова слабкість. Як місцевий анестетик для СА використовували 0,5% Лонгокаїн Хеві. Преінфузію виконували Гекотоном — 3–4 мл/кг. З метою оцінки впливу СА на показники центральної гемодинаміки і преінфузію вивчали центральну гемодинаміку, об’єм циркулюючої плазми, об’єм позаклітинної рідини, новонароджених оцінювали за шкалою Апгар. Було встановлено, що внутрішньовенна преінфузія Гекотоном за рахунок поєднання переваг колоїдно-гіперосмолярного компонента швидко викликає перерозподіл рідини з міжклітинного простору у внутрішньосудинний, надійно підтримує волемічний ефект, що дозволяє використовувати менший об’єм розчину для передопераційної підготовки при нейроаксiальнiй анестезії. Застосування Гекотону як преінфузії (3–4 мл/кг) стабілізує гемодинамiчний профіль після виконання СА. У 81 (87,1 %) випадку відзначалася відносно стабільна гемодинаміка, що не потребувала адреноміметичної підтримки, і тільки в 12 (12,9 %) — розвивалася виражена артеріальна гіпотензія, корекцію якої проводили фракційним введенням мезатону.
Вплив Медотиліну на функціональний стан пацієнтів після перенесених гострих порушень мозкового кровообігу
Authors: Teshchuk V.Y. , Teshchuk N.V.
Published: March 2017

Обстежені 32 пацієнти віком від 60 до 80 років, які перенесли гострі порушення мозкового кровообігу (ГПМК) за ішемічним типом (ІТ) у каротидному басейні та знаходилися на стаціонарному лікуванні в ангіоневрологічному відділенні клініки нейрохірургії і неврології Військово-медичного клінічного центру Південного регіону України, м. Одеса, з травня 2016 р. Лікування Медотиліном 4,0 — 1000 мкг в/м тривало 30 діб. Для оцінки механізмів впливу Медотиліну на функціональний стан центрального відділу нервової системи в пацієнтів із ГПМК за ІТ проводились: об’єктивний та детальний неврологічний огляд; комп’ютерна та магнітно-резонансна томографія головного мозку; визначення стану психоемоційної діяльності; дослідження пам’яті; ультразвукова та транс­краніальна допплерографія; електроенцефалографія. Після курсу лікування Медотиліном відмічалося покращення церебральної гемодинаміки (ЦГД), підвищувався рівень біоелектричної активності головного мозку, розширювався діапазон регуляції ЦГД, що надає підстави рекомендувати застосування Медотиліну при лікуванні пацієнтів з ішемічним інсультом та включення Медотиліну в клінічні протоколи.
Прогностичне значення рівня галектину-3 у хворих з гіпертрофічною кардіоміопатією
Authors: Samauil Daghar
Published: March 2017

Мета роботи: вивчення прогностичної цінності рівня галектину-3 (Гал-3) у хворих з гіпертрофічною кардіоміопатією (ГКМП). Матеріали та методи. Вивчено клініко-анамнестичні та інструментальні дані у 90 пацієнтів з ГКМП, з яких 76 обстежені повторно через 12 ± 3 міс. лікування. Методи обстеження: електрокардіографія, ехокардіографія, добове моніторування електрокардіограми і визначення вмісту Гал-3 в сироватці крові імуноферментним методом. Результати. Повторне вивчення даних загальноклінічних та інструментальних досліджень, а також рівня Гал-3 в сироватці крові хворих з ГКМП через 12 ± 3 міс. після первинного огляду дозволило виділити дві групи хворих: зі стабільним і прогресуючим перебігом захворювання. Прогресуючий перебіг ГКМП частіше спостерігався при її обструктивному варіанті, наявності супутньої ішемічної хвороби серця, артеріальної гіпертензії, постійної форми фібриляції передсердь і тяжких форм серцевої недостатності. З даних інструментальних досліджень найбільш інформативними були показники ехокардіоскопії, які дозволили встановити, що при прогресуючому перебігу ГКМП відзначається розвиток систолічної та діастолічної дисфункції лівого шлуночка. Однак найбільш значущу кореляцію з прогресуючим перебігом ГКМП мало вихідне збільшення рівня Гал-3, що свідчить про прогностичне значення визначення даного показника у хворих з ГКМП. У підсумкову регресійну модель прогнозу перебігу ГКМП увійшли тяжка серцева недостатність, рівень Гал-3 і показники ехокардіоскопії, що характеризують систолічну і діастолічну функції лівого шлуночка. Ефективність запропонованої моделі прогнозу перебігу ГКМП становила 90,8 %, що свідчить про можливість її практичного застосування. Висновки. Початкове підвищення рівня Гал-3 у хворих з ГКМП асоційоване з прогресуючим перебігом захворювання, оцінка його рівня в комплексі з клініко-інструментальними показниками доцільна для прогнозування перебігу ГКМП.
Протеоміка та мас-спектрометрія з матрично-активованою лазерною десорбцією/іонізацією як сучасний діагностичний інструмент при захворюваннях нирок
Authors: Ivanova Mariia , Dyadyk Olena , Smith Andrew , Santorelli Lucia , Stella Martina , Galli Manuel , Chinello Clizia , Magni Fulvio
Published: March 2017

Внаслідок швидкого розвитку сучасної науки ми постійно, день у день, удосконалюємо наші знання про патогенез і морфологію захворювань. У зв’язку з настанням ери наукомік, таких як геноміка, транскріптоміка та протеоміка, є велика необхідність у розумінні молекулярних механізмів хвороб і організмів. Кінцевими цілями повинні бути такі: більш успішні діагностика та прогноз, виявлення потенційних терапевтичних мішеней і прогнозування відповіді на лікування. Хронічна хвороба нирок (ХХН) є всесвітньою проблемою охорони здоров’я, що характеризується швидкозростаючою захворюваністю, a сам термін «ХХН» охоплює велику підмножину захворювань. Останнім часом для вивчення ХХН використовуються сучасні технології протеоміки, такі як мас-спектрометрія з матрично-активованою лазерною десорбцією/іонізацією. Незважаючи на ранній етап розвитку подібних методик, уже існує значна кількість досліджень і публікацій, присвячених цій темі.
Коли починати використовувати інгібітори ангіотензинперетворювального ферменту/блокатори рецепторів ангіотензину при діабетичній хворобі нирок?
Authors: Ivanov D.D.
Published: March 2017

Міжнародні керівництва не передбачають використання інгібіторів ангіотензинперетворювального ферменту (ІАПФ)/блокаторів рецепторів ангіотензину (БРА) при першій стадії діабетичної хвороби нирок. Наведено погляд, що ґрунтується на нечисленній статистичній вибірці, згідно з яким доцільно використовувати олмесартан (або, можливо, інші ІАПФ/БРА) для профілактики переходу першої стадії діабетичної хвороби нирок у другу при цукровому діабеті 2-го типу.
Ципрофлоксацин у терапії інфекцій сечовивідних шляхів
Authors: Dombrovsky Ya.O. , Ivanov D.D. , Herasymchuk V.O.
Published: March 2017

Інфекції сечовивідних шляхів займають провідне місце в рамках нефрологічної патології і серед інфекційних захворювань у цілому. Ця стаття присвячена етіології і ключовим етапам патогенезу інфекційних уражень сечової системи. Основна частина роботи являє собою аналіз ефективності, безпеки та доцільності застосування препаратів групи фторхінолонів, зокрема ципро­флоксацину.
Зміни ендотелію судин нирок і показники ендотеліальної васкулярної дисфункції при системних автоімунних ревматичних хворобах
Authors: Syniachenko O.V. , Yehudina Ye.D. , Bevzenko T.B. , Yermolaieva M.V. , Diadyk O.O. , Yakovlenko V.V.
Published: March 2017

Метою роботи стала оцінка характеру морфологічних змін ендотелію капілярів й артеріол нирок при системному червоному вовчаку, ревматоїдному артриті, геморагічному васкуліті та мікроскопічному поліангіїті, зв’язок з клініко-лабораторними чинниками перебігу захворювань і вплив системної ендотеліальної дисфункції судин. Остання в цих групах хворих відповідно має місце в 39, 35, 52 та 100 % випадків, беручи участь в патогенетичних побудовах нефропатії, щільно пов’язана з системними клініко-інструментальними проявами ангіопатії, а проліферацію ендотелію капілярів й артеріол нирок, відкладання в ньому імуноглобулінів і компонентів комплементу залежно від нозологічних форм системних автоімунних ревматичних захворювань визначають рівні в крові судинного ендотеліального фактора зростання, ендотеліну-1, гомоцистеїну, Е- і Р-селектинів.
Американская диабетическая ассоциация Стандарты медицинской помощи при сахарном диабете — 2017 (выдержки из рекомендаций ADA, 2017)
Authors: Ivanov Transl. D.D. , Ivanova M.
Published: March 2017

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Національний інформаційний центр клінічних настанов Резюме рекомендацій NGC: 2016 Гематологічні настанови Модуль 6. Неонатологія та педіатрія
Authors: Ivanov Transl. D.D.
Published: March 2017

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Резистентність до антибіотиків у нефрологічній практиці
Authors: Taran O.I.
Published: March 2017

Проблема стійкості до протимікробних препаратів у світі загострюється, є серйозною загрозою для світової громадської охорони здоров’я, яка потребує дій в усіх державних секторах та участі громадськості. Всесвітньою організацією охорони здоров’я названі 15 найбільш небезпечних і поширених штамів і груп супермікробів, які розподілені за трьома ступенями загрози здоров’ю населення. Щодо боротьби з резистентністю до антибіотиків на першому місті стоїть усвідомлення як медиками, так і громадянами того, що процес виникнення стійкості до антибіотиків пришвидшується в результаті неправильного та надмірного використання антибіотиків на тлі поганої профілактики інфекцій і боротьби з ними.
Influência da atividade física em grupo na qualidade de vida e variáveis cardiorrespiratórias em idosos institucionalizados
Authors: Petry Ana Laura Nicoletti Carvalho , Menegotto Diana , Barro Carla Spazzini , Muntini Naiana , Rossato Daniele
Published: March 2017

Introdução: O envelhecimento populacional é um fenômeno relevante em todo mundo, sendo que atenção tem sido dada a qualidade de vida da população idosa. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da atividade física sobre a qualidade de vida de idosos institucionalizados, identificar o perfil desses indivíduos e verificar a influência da atividade física sobre os sinais vitais. Materiais e Métodos: A amostra foi composta por sete indivíduos, de ambos os sexos. O programa de exercícios foi realizado em uma frequência de três vezes semanais no período de um mês. A intervenção foi composta de exercícios de aquecimento, alongamentos, amplitude de movimento ativa, atividades lúdicas e relaxamento. A avaliação foi realizada por meio de um questionário de caracterização da amostra, bem como aplicação do questionário WHOQOL-OLD para avaliar a qualidade de vida, onde foi aplicado pré e pós-intervenção. Os sinais vitais: PAS, PAD, FC, FR, SapO2 foram verificadas pré e pós sessão. Resultados: Verificou-se neste estudo que os participantes apresentavam idade média de 70 anos, sendo a maior prevalência do sexo feminino (86%) e de indivíduos não escolarizados (57%). Em relação ao escore bruto pré e pós intervenção do questionário WHOQOL – OLD, observamos diferença estatisticamente significativa (p<0,05) evidenciando uma melhora na qualidade de vida desta população. Observamos uma redução estatisticamente significativa na PAD, PAS e SpO2 no momento pós-intervenção. Conclusão: Conclui-se assim que o programa de atividade física não proporcionou alterações relevantes clinicamente nos sinais vitais. Destaca-se ainda que a atividade física em grupo proporcionou uma melhora global da qualidade de vida dos idosos institucionalizados.
Itinerário terapêutico de idosas com lombalgia crônica
Authors: Debiasi Luana , Zeni Jaine Renata de Oliveira , Gauer Ana Paula Maihack , Ferretti Fátima
Published: March 2017

Introdução: Nas últimas décadas o Brasil envelheceu e a maior parte dessa população carrega consigo doenças próprias do envelhecimento. Dentre as doenças crônicas que mais acometem os idosos, destaca-se a lombalgia crônica, que é um quadro de dor que gera desconforto. Objetivo: Identificar o itinerário terapêutico de idosas com lombalgia crônica. Materiais e métodos: Pesquisa qualitativa que utilizou entrevista com questões norteadoras na coleta de dados. Foi realizada análise de conteúdo temática a partir de três etapas: pré-análise, exploração de material, tratamento dos resultados e interpretação. Resultados: Foram selecionadas 4 idosas com cognitivo preservado, média de idade de 63,5 anos e 8,75 anos de diagnóstico médico de lombalgia. Após análise, emergiram 5 categorias que detalharam o processo de busca por tratamento para a dor crônica lombar, desde os sintomas até a fase atual. Considerações finais: Conhecer o itinerário terapêutico de idosas com dor crônica lombar constituiu-se numa estratégia para ampliar as informações sobre as dificuldades enfrentados na busca pelo tratamento, e como estabelecer uma ação mais eficaz para a saúde destas pessoas.
The method of parallel lines
Authors: Murzaikin I.Ya. , Murzaykin A.I.
Published: March 2017

The features of structures’ deformations definition are considered, using the method of parallel lines. As basic marks it is recommended to use a tubular type of marks with a bom on a little table having two apertures (with the displaced centres) for installing the device and smaps. Usually, the quantity of parallel lines does not exceed two. Mainly one additional line which displaced concerning to the basic line on known size within of 50–100 mm is used. The control of vision at definition of displacement is the constancy of divergences of results of friability sizes received from two parallel lines. In clause it is marked that the presence second line allows to spend supervision from one end line but this to have independent measurement of friability sizes. The practice of conducting jobs has shown that as a result of use of parallel lines method it was possible to achieve some increase of accuracy of measurement.
The system of natural resources' digital cartographic models as a means to support environmental management
Authors: Nikolaeva O.N.
Published: March 2017

The use of digital cartographic items for natural resources management is considered in the article. A brief characteristic of a system of natural resources’ digital cartographic models as a new instrument for geospatial modeling of natural resources data is given. It is pointed out that the federal subject of Russia is regarded as a region in this case. Natural resource managers are determined as the intended audience for the system of natural resources’ digital cartographic models of region. The conceptual scheme of the system of natural resources’ digital cartographic models, presented in the article, illustrates its purpose, source data and used methods of data transforming. The two versions of presentation of the modeling results are described. In the first case the user gets the set of indexes of natural resource condition to make his own conclusions. In the second case the user gets a recommendation of sustainable usage of natural resource. Both versions of presentation are illustrated with cartographic models of forest resources of Novosibisk region.