bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Signature of Topological Phases in Zitterbewegung
Authors: Ghosh S. , Manchon A.
Published: September 2016

We have studied the Zitterbewegung effect on an infinite two-dimensional sheet with honeycomb lattice. By tuning the perpendicular electric field and the magnetization of the sheet, it can enter different topological phases. We have shown that the phase and magnitude of Zitterbewegung effect, i.e., the jittering motion of electron wavepackets, correlates with the various topological phases. The topological phase diagram can be reconstructed by analyzing these features. Our findings are applicable to materials like silicene, germanene, stanene, etc.
Plane wave propagation in a rotating anisotropic medium with voids under the action of a uniform magnetic field
Authors: Maity Narottam , Barik S. P. , Chaudhuri P. K.
Published: September 2016

In this paper, plane wave propagation in a rotating anisotropic material of general nature under the action of a magnetic field of constant magnitude has been investigated. The material is supposed to be porous in nature and contains voids. Following the concept of [Cowin S. C. and Nunziato, J. W. [1983] “Linear elastic materials with voids,” J. Elasticity 13, 125–147.] the governing equations of motion have been written in tensor notation taking account of rotation, magnetic field effect and presence of voids in the medium and the possibility of plane wave propagation has been examined. A number of particular cases have been derived from our general results to match with previously obtained results in this area. Effects of various parameters on the velocity of wave propagation have been presented graphically.
A dual phase lag model on photothermal interaction in an unbounded semiconductor medium with cylindrical cavity
Authors: Abbas Ibrahim A.
Published: September 2016

In the present paper, the theory of generalized photo-thermoelasticity under dual phase lag model has been applied to study the coupled thermal, plasma and elastic waves on unbounded semiconductor medium with cylindrical cavity. The bounding surface of the cavity is traction free and loaded thermally by exponentially decaying pulse boundary heat flux. By using Laplace transform and the eigenvalue approach methodology, the solutions of all variables have been obtained analytically. Numerical computations have been done for silicon-like semiconductor material, and the results are displayed graphically to show the difference between the dual phase lag (DPL) model, Lord and Shulman’s theory (LS) and the classical dynamical coupled theory (CT).
Stable ferromagnetic state in Si-doped AlN with cation vacancies: Ab-initio study
Authors: Chintalapati Sandhya , Feng Yuan Ping
Published: September 2016

The magnetic property of Si-doped AlN with Al-vacancy is studied using first principles calculations based on spin polarized density functional theory. The Si dopant alone does not introduce the magnetic moment in AlN. However, the doping of Si in AlN reduces the formation energy caused by Al-vacancy, and stabilizes the spin polarized state. The magnetic moments are mainly localized on N atoms surrounding the defect. The strong ferromagnetic state is obtained in AlN due to the combined role of Al-vacancy and Si-dopant.
Image Perforation
Authors: Lou Liming , Nguyen Paul , Lawrence Jason , Barnes Connelly
Published: September 2016

Image pipelines arise frequently in modern computational photography systems and consist of multiple processing stages where each stage produces an intermediate image that serves as input to a future stage. Inspired by recent work on loop perforation [Sidiroglou-Douskos et al. 2011], this article introduces
image perforation
, a new optimization technique that allows us to automatically explore the space of performance-accuracy tradeoffs within an image pipeline. Image perforation works by transforming loops over the image at each pipeline stage into coarser loops that effectively “skip” certain samples. These missing samples are reconstructed for later stages using a number of different interpolation strategies that are relatively inexpensive to perform compared to the original cost of computing the sample. We describe a genetic algorithm for automatically exploring the resulting combinatoric search space of which loops to perforate, in what manner, by how much, and using which reconstruction method. We also present a prototype language that implements image perforation along with several other domain-specific optimizations and show results for a number of different image pipelines and inputs. For these cases, image perforation achieves speedups of 2 × --10 × with acceptable loss in visual quality and significantly outperforms loop perforation.
Flow Structure and Turbulence in Wind Farms
Authors: Stevens Richard J.A.M. , Meneveau Charles
Published: August 2016

Similar to other renewable energy sources, wind energy is characterized by a low power density. Hence, for wind energy to make considerable contributions to the world's overall energy supply, large wind farms (on- and offshore) consisting of arrays of ever larger wind turbines are being envisioned and built. From a fluid mechanics perspective, wind farms encompass turbulent flow phenomena occurring at many spatial and temporal scales. Of particular interest to understanding mean power extraction and fluctuations in wind farms are the scales ranging from 1 to 10 m that comprise the wakes behind individual wind turbines, to motions reaching 100 m to kilometers in scale, inherently associated with the atmospheric boundary layer. In this review, we summarize current understanding of these flow phenomena (particularly mean and second-order statistics) through field studies, wind tunnel experiments, large-eddy simulations, and analytical modeling, emphasizing the most relevant features for wind farm design and operation.
Blood Flow in the Microcirculation
Authors: Secomb Timothy W.
Published: August 2016

The microcirculation is an extensive network of microvessels that distributes blood flow throughout living tissues. Reynolds numbers are much less than 1, and the equations of Stokes flow apply. Blood is a suspension of cells with dimensions comparable to microvessel diameters. Highly deformable red blood cells, which transport oxygen, have a volume concentration (hematocrit) of 40–45% in humans. In the narrowest capillaries, these cells move in single file with a surrounding lubricating layer of plasma. In larger vessels, the red blood cells migrate toward the centerline, reducing the resistance to blood flow. Vessel walls are coated with a layer of macromolecules that restricts flow. At diverging bifurcations, hematocrit is not evenly distributed in the downstream vessels. Other particles are driven toward the walls by interactions with red blood cells. These physiologically important phenomena are discussed here from a fluid mechanical perspective.
Hidden Wounds? Inflammatory Links Between Childhood Trauma and Psychopathology
Authors: Danese Andrea , Baldwin Jessie R.
Published: August 2016

Childhood trauma is a key risk factor for psychopathology. However, little is known about how exposure to childhood trauma is translated into biological risk for psychopathology. Observational human studies and experimental animal models suggest that childhood exposure to stress can trigger an enduring systemic inflammatory response not unlike the bodily response to physical injury. In turn, these “hidden wounds” of childhood trauma can affect brain development, key behavioral domains (e.g., cognition, positive valence systems, negative valence systems), reactivity to subsequent stressors, and, ultimately, risk for psychopathology. Further research is needed to better characterize the inflammatory links between childhood trauma and psychopathology. Detecting and healing these hidden wounds may help prevent and treat psychopathology emerging after childhood trauma.
A Significant Population Signal in Iranian Temperature Records
Authors: Roy Shouraseni Sen , Keikhosravi Kiany Mohammad Sadegh , Balling Robert C.
Published: August 2016

We assembled daily maximum and minimum temperature records for 31 stations throughout Iran over the period 1961–2010. As with many other areas of the world, we found that both the maximum and minimum temperatures were increasing overall with the minimum temperatures increasing twice as fast as the maximum temperatures. We gathered population data for the stations near the beginning and end of the temperature records and found in all seasons and for both the maximum and minimum temperatures the magnitude of population growth positively influenced the temperature trends. However, unlike so many other studies, we found the strongest population growth signal in the winter for the maximum temperatures. We found evidence that this winter-season population-temperature signal is related snow cover. Our results illustrate that any number of processes are involved in explaining trends in historical maximum and minimum temperature records.
Roles of Rack1 Proteins in Fungal Pathogenesis
Authors: Zhang Xue , Jain Rashmi , Li Guotian
Published: August 2016

Pathogenic fungi cause diseases on various organisms. Despite their differences in life cycles, fungal pathogens use well-conserved proteins and pathways to regulate developmental and infection processes. In this review, we focus on Rack1, a multifaceted scaffolding protein involved in various biological processes. Rack1 is well conserved in eukaryotes and plays important roles in fungi, though limited studies have been conducted. To accelerate the study of Rack1 proteins in fungi, we review the functions of Rack1 proteins in model and pathogenic fungi and summarize recent progress on how Rack1 proteins are involved in fungal pathogenesis.
Q Fever Risk in Patients Treated with Chronic Antitumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Therapy
Authors: Hirsch Julianna , Astrahan Anna , Odeh Majed , Elias Nizar , Rosner Itzhak , Rimar Doron , Kaly Lisa , Rozenbaum Michael , Boulman Nina , Slobodin Gleb
Published: August 2016

Q fever is a zoonotic bacterial disease caused byCoxiella burnetii. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) plays a pivotal role in the defense against infection with this Gram-negative coccobacillus. Theoretically, patients who are treated with anti-TNF-αmedications are at risk for developing chronic Q fever. We present two patients who developed Q fever while being treated with anti-TNF-αagents and discuss the significance of timely diagnosis ofC. burnetiiinfection in these patients.
Patient Activation in Type 2 Diabetes: Does It Differ between Men and Women?
Authors: Hendriks Steven H. , Hartog Laura C. , Groenier Klaas H. , Maas Angela H. E. M. , van Hateren Kornelis J. J. , Kleefstra Nanne , Bilo Henk J. G.
Published: August 2016

Background.Aim was to investigate whether the degree of patient activation of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is different between men and women. Furthermore, we investigated which factors are associated with patient activation in men and women.Methods.This cross-sectional study included 1615 patients with T2D from general practices. Patient activation was measured with the Patient Activation Measure (PAM) questionnaire. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to investigate the association between gender and patient activation. Stratified analyses according to gender were performed to investigate which factors are associated with patient activation.Results.No association between gender and PAM score was found after adjustment for all selected confounders (p=0.094). In men, lower age (p=0.001), a higher WHO-5 score (p<0.001), and a lower BMI (p=0.013) were associated with a higher PAM score. In women, a higher WHO-5 score (p<0.017) and the absence of macrovascular complications (p<0.031) were associated with a higher PAM score.Conclusion.There is no difference in the degree of patient activation of men and women with T2D. Age, well-being, and BMI were found to be associated with patient activation in men, whereas well-being and macrovascular complications were found to be associated with patient activation in women.
The Influence of Diabetes Mellitus in Myocardial Ischemic Preconditioning
Authors: Rezende Paulo Cury , Rahmi Rosa Maria , Hueb Whady
Published: August 2016

Ischemic preconditioning (IP) is a powerful mechanism of protection discovered in the heart in which ischemia paradoxically protects the myocardium against other ischemic insults. Many factors such as diseases and medications may influence IP expression. Although diabetes poses higher cardiovascular risk, the physiopathology underlying this condition is uncertain. Moreover, although diabetes is believed to alter intracellular pathways related to myocardial protective mechanisms, it is still controversial whether diabetes may interfere with ischemic preconditioning and whether this might influence clinical outcomes. This review article looks at published reports with animal models and humans that tried to evaluate the possible influence of diabetes in myocardial ischemic preconditioning.
18F-fluoromisonidazole PET and Activity of Neoadjuvant Nintedanib in Early HER2-Negative Breast Cancer: A Window-of-Opportunity Randomized Trial
Authors: Quintela-Fandino Miguel , Lluch Ana , Manso Luis , Calvo Isabel , Cortes Javier , García-Saenz José Angel , Gil-Gil Miguel , Martinez-Jánez Noelia , Gonzalez-Martin Antonio , Adrover Encarna , de Andres Raquel , Viñas Gemma , Llombart-Cussac Antonio , Alba Emilio , Guerra Juan , Bermejo Begoña , Zamora Esther , Moreno-Anton Fernando , Pernas Simon Sonia , Carrato Alfredo , Lopez-Alonso Antonio , Escudero María José , Campo Ruth , Carrasco Eva , Palacios José , Mulero Francisca , Colomer Ramon
Published: September 2016

Purpose: We previously detected promising efficacy of neoadjuvant nintedanib (a multityrosine kinase inhibitor, TKI) in early HER2-negative breast cancer. In a preclinical study, we monitored stromal hypoxia with 18F-fluoromisonidazole-positron emission tomography (18F-FMISO-PET); we found that reoxygenation of tumors (or lack of it) during a window-of-opportunity (WoO) treatment with TKIs correlated with the benefit (or lack of it) from TKI-plus-chemotherapy combinations. We studied the predictive role of 18F-FMISO-PET for the TKI nintedanib in the neoadjuvant setting in a phase II WoO randomized trial.

Experimental Design: Patients were randomized to a 14-day WoO of nintedanib preceded and followed by an 18F-FMISO-PET, followed by nintedanib plus weekly paclitaxel (Arm A) or an 18F-FMISO-PET followed by weekly paclitaxel (Arm B) before surgery. The endpoint was residual cancer burden (RCB). The objective was to detect the patients with no response (RCB-III) on the basis of the baseline or evolutive 18F-FMISO-PET values/changes.

Results: One-hundred and thirty HER2-negative patients were randomized. Seventeen (27.9%), 34 (55.7%), and 8 (13.1%) patients had an RCB of III, II, and I/0, respectively, in Arm A. In this arm, baseline hypoxic tumors had a 4.4-fold higher chance of experiencing RCB = 3 (P = 0.036) compared with baseline normoxic tumors. Nintedanib WoO induced tumor reoxygenation in 24.5% of the patients; those not reoxygenating showed a trend toward higher chance of experiencing RCB-III (6.4-fold; P = 0.09). In Arm B, 18F-FMISO-PET lacked predictive/prognostic value.

Conclusions: Baseline hypoxic tumors (measured with 18F-FMISO-PET) do not benefit from neoadjuvant nintedanib. Clin Cancer Res; 23(6); 1432–41. ©2016 AACR.
Higher Glucose and Insulin Levels Are Associated with Risk of Liver Cancer and Chronic Liver Disease Mortality among Men without a History of Diabetes
Authors: Loftfield Erikka , Freedman Neal D. , Lai Gabriel Y. , Weinstein Stephanie J. , McGlynn Katherine A. , Taylor Philip R. , Männistö Satu , Albanes Demetrius , Stolzenberg-Solomon Rachael Z.
Published: August 2016

Insulin resistance likely increases the risk of chronic liver disease (CLD) and liver cancer, but long-term prospective studies with measured fasting glucose and insulin are lacking. We evaluated the associations of prediagnostic fasting glucose, insulin, and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) with liver cancer and CLD mortality in a prospective study of Finnish male smokers with extended follow-up time (≤22 years) and information on known risk factors using data from 138 incident primary liver cancer cases, 216 CLD deaths, and 681 matched controls. Fasting glucose and insulin were measured in baseline serum. We used unconditional logistic regression to estimate ORs and 95% confidence intervals adjusted for age, alcohol, education, smoking, body mass index, and hepatitis B and C viral status. Among those without self-reported diabetes, glucose was positively associated with liver cancer [quartile 3 vs. quartile 1 (Q3/Q1): OR = 1.88; 1.03–3.49; Q4/Q1: OR = 2.40; 1.33–4.35; Ptrend = 0.002], and undiagnosed, biochemically defined, diabetes was associated with higher risk of liver cancer (OR = 2.95; 1.46–5.96) and CLD mortality (OR = 1.88; 1.00–3.56). Serum insulin and HOMA-IR were also positively associated with liver cancer (Q4/Q1: OR = 3.41; 1.74–6.66; Ptrend < 0.0001; OR = 3.72; 1.89–7.32, Ptrend < 0.0001, respectively) and CLD (OR = 2.51; 1.44–4.37; Ptrend = 0.0002; OR = 2.31; 1.34–3.97; Ptrend = 0.001, respectively), with stronger associations observed for liver cancer diagnosed >10 years after baseline. In conclusion, elevated fasting glucose and insulin and insulin resistance were independently associated with risk of liver cancer and CLD mortality, suggesting a potentially important etiologic role for insulin and glucose dysregulation even in the absence of diagnosed diabetes. Cancer Prev Res; 9(11); 866–74. ©2016 AACR.
From Bratislava to New York: A Scientist's Tale
Authors: Feldmann Sir Marc
Published: September 2016

A review of Love and Science: A Memoir by Jan Vilcek, Seven Stories Press, 2016
MicroRNA-17-5p: At the Crossroads of Cancer and Aging - A Mini-Review
Authors: Dellago Hanna , Bobbili Madhusudhan Reddy , Grillari Johannes
Published: August 2016

The miR-17-92 cluster, led by its most prominent member, miR-17-5p, has been identified as the first miRNA with oncogenic potential. Thus, the whole cluster containing miR-17-5p has been termed oncomiR-1. It is strongly expressed in embryonic stem cells and has essential roles in vital processes like cell cycle regulation, proliferation and apoptosis. The importance of miR-17-5p for fundamental biological processes is underscored by the fact that a miR17-deficient mouse is neonatally lethal. Recently, miR-17-5p was identified in the context of aging, since it is comprised in a common signature of miRNAs that is downregulated in several models of aging research. Recently, miR-17-5p turned out to be the first ‘longevimiR' in an animal model, extending the lifespan of a transgenic miR-17-5p-overexpressing mouse. Here, we summarize the current status of research on miR-17-5p with emphasis on its role in cellular senescence, aging and cancer, which points to a pleiotropic function of miR-17-5p regulating multiple targets involved in autophagy, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis in a tissue-dependent fashion. In addition, its elevated presence in serum or plasma of a wide range of tumor patients suggests using it as an ‘alarmiR', a general indicator of a potential tumor pathology. However, amounts of circulating miR-17-5p of healthy individuals as reference values are still missing, before any miRNA can be classified as such an ‘alarmiR'. In conclusion, miR-17-5p is at the crossroads of aging, longevity and cancer and might represent a promising biomarker or even therapeutic tool and target in this context.
IL17A and IL17F Gene Polymorphism Association with Psoriasis Risk and Response to Treatment in a Polish Population
Authors: Białecka Monika , Ostasz Roksana , Kurzawski Mateusz , Klimowicz Adam , Fabiańczyk Honorata , Bojko Piotr , Dziedziejko Violetta , Safranow Krzysztof , Machoy-Mokrzyńska Anna , Droździk Marek
Published: September 2016

Background: Recent studies have revealed the pivotal role of Th17 cells and interleukin-17 (IL-17) in plaque psoriasis development and treatment outcome. The IL-17 family consists of 6 structurally related cytokines (IL-17A, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E, IL-17F), of which IL-17A and IL-17F mediate similar biological effects. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate an association between the IL17A (-197G>A; rs2275913) and IL17F (rs763780: T>C; rs11465553: G>A; rs2397084: T>C) polymorphisms with psoriasis susceptibility as well as response to topical and combined topical with narrow-band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) therapy in a Polish population. Methods: Association study involving 407 psoriasis patients and 205 healthy controls. Treatment efficacy was analyzed in 207 patients with mild psoriasis (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index; PASI 3-12) and moderate psoriasis (PASI 12-18), who were randomly subjected to topical or combined topical and NB-UVB treatment. The polymorphisms were evaluated by RT-PCR. Results: No statistically significant differences between psoriasis patients and controls were found in the frequency of the evaluated IL17A and IL17F genotypes and haplotypes. The IL17A or IL17F polymorphisms were not associated with treatment outcome measures: efficacy of treatment at the eighth week of the study and PASI change after topical or combined topical and NB-UVB therapy. However, IL17F rs2397084 variant allele C carriers required a significantly higher number of NB-UVB irradiations in comparison to TT homozygotes (15.5 ± 11.4 vs. 11.1 ± 11.9, p = 0.047) to produce a positive clinical response. Conclusion: It can be stated that the IL17A and IL17F polymorphisms are not markers of susceptibility to psoriasis. However, the IL17F polymorphism may affect the response to NB-UVB therapy.
Effect of High Thoracic Sympathetic Nerve Block on Serum Collagen Biomarkers in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Sun Guifang , Liu Fengqi , Qu Renhai
Published: September 2016

Objectives: The impact of high thoracic sympathetic block (HTSB) on myocardial fibrosis in chronic heart failure (HF) is unclear. Myocardial collagen synthesis can be assessed by measuring circulating biomarkers. We observed the effect of HTSB on serum collagen biomarkers in HF. Methods: Forty-four patients were randomized to a control and a HTSB group. They received routine medications. Repeated epidural injections were given to the HTSB group for 4 weeks. Echocardiography and measurements of serum carboxy-terminal propeptide of procollagen type I (PICP) and amino-terminal propeptide of procollagen type III (PIIINP) were performed at baseline and 4 weeks later. Results: There were significant reductions in left atrial diameter, left ventricular (LV) diameter and volume, LV weight index (LVWI) and serum PICP and PIIINP levels in the HTSB group (p < 0.05). The changes in LV end-systolic volume and ejection fraction (LVEF) were greater in the HTSB group than in the control group (p < 0.05). In the HTSB group, the decreases in PICP and PIIINP were correlated with the decrease in LVWI (PICP: r = 0.695, p = 0.000; PIIINP: r = 0.642, p = 0.001), and the decrease in PICP was negatively associated with the rise in LVEF (r = -0.813, p = 0.000). Conclusion: HTSB reduces myocardial fibrosis in HF, which may accompany the improvement of LV hypertrophy and dysfunction.
Parameters of Overnight Pulse Wave under Treatment in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Randerath Winfried J. , Treml Marcel , Priegnitz Christina , Hedner Jan , Sommermeyer Dirk , Zou Ding , Ficker Joachim H. , Fietze Ingo , Penzel Thomas , Sanner Bernd , Grote Ludger
Published: August 2016

Background: Sleep-related breathing disorders may promote cardiovascular (CV) diseases. A novel and differentiated approach to overnight photoplethysmographic pulse wave analysis, which includes risk assessment and measurement of various pulse wave characteristics, has been evaluated in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess if and which of the differentiated pulse wave characteristics might be influenced by OSA treatment with positive airway pressure (PAP). Methods: The study included two protocols. In the case-control study (group A), pulse wave-derived CV risk indices recorded during PAP therapy were compared with those obtained in age, body mass index, and CV risk class-matched patients with untreated OSA (n = 67/67). In the prospective PAP treatment study (group B), 17 unselected patients undergoing a full-night sleep test at baseline and after 23 ± 19 weeks of treatment were analyzed. Results: In untreated OSA patients (group A), the overnight hypoxic load was increased (SpO2 index 38.7 ± 17.5 vs. 24.0 ± 11.1, p < 0.001) and the pulse wave attenuation index (PWA-I) was lower (29.4 ± 9.2 vs. 33.5 ± 11.8, p = 0.022) than in treated patients. In group B, PAP therapy reduced the hypoxic load and increased the PWA-I significantly. The composite CV risk index was slightly but not significantly reduced. Conclusions: PAP therapy modified the hypoxic load and pulse wave-derived markers. The PWA-I - associated with sympathetic vascular tone - was most prominently modified by PAP. This novel approach to markers of CV function should be further evaluated in prospective studies.
Fluctuations of Attentional Networks and Default Mode Network during the Resting State Reflect Variations in Cognitive States: Evidence from a Novel Resting-state Experience Sampling Method
Authors: Van Calster Laurens , D'Argembeau Arnaud , Salmon Eric , Peters Frédéric , Majerus Steve
Published: August 2016

Neuroimaging studies have revealed the recruitment of a range of neural networks during the resting state, which might reflect a variety of cognitive experiences and processes occurring in an individual's mind. In this study, we focused on the default mode network (DMN) and attentional networks and investigated their association with distinct mental states when participants are not performing an explicit task. To investigate the range of possible cognitive experiences more directly, this study proposes a novel method of resting-state fMRI experience sampling, informed by a phenomenological investigation of the fluctuation of mental states during the resting state. We hypothesized that DMN activity would increase as a function of internal mentation and that the activity of dorsal and ventral networks would indicate states of top–down versus bottom–up attention at rest. Results showed that dorsal attention network activity fluctuated as a function of subjective reports of attentional control, providing evidence that activity of this network reflects the perceived recruitment of controlled attentional processes during spontaneous cognition. Activity of the DMN increased when participants reported to be in a subjective state of internal mentation, but not when they reported to be in a state of perception. This study provides direct evidence for a link between fluctuations of resting-state neural activity and fluctuations in specific cognitive processes.
A New Examination of Confucius’ Rectification of Names
Authors: Feng (曹峰) Cao
Published: September 2016

Confucius’ explanation of the “rectification of names” is not necessarily related to the theories of “social status” and “names and actuality.” The reason scholars have interpreted the rectification of names in the Analects in so many different ways is, to a large degree, due to assumptions about Confucius’ thinking by his successors, and based on the views on rectification of names among later generations. In the course of the development of thinking about names, scholars have augmented Confucius’ own explanation, gradually fleshing it out from an empty shell into a substantial edifice. The original meaning may have been very simple: Confucius did not wish to establish a standard system of names. Rather, he was simply the first person in history to realize the importance of language in politics. As a politician, Confucius noticed and foresaw the influence that the indeterminacy, ambiguity, and arbitrariness of names could have on politics. He discerned the political consequences when language could not accurately express meaning or when there was no way for people to accurately perceive it. He also recognized how names, as a way of clarifying right and wrong and establishing norms, could have a great effect on a society’s politics. Although Confucius noted that disunity in speech could lead to disunity in politics, he did not propose a solution.
Review of the genus Siemssenius Weise, 1922 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) from Taiwan, with descriptions of five new species
Authors: LEE CHI-FENG
Published: August 2016

Taiwanese species of Siemssenius are separated into two species groups, the S. metallipennis group and S. rufipennis group, based on color patterns and other morphological characters. Members of the S. rufipennis group cannot be distinguished using external morphology but may be diagnosed by distributions and genitalia morphologies. Seven species are recognized in Taiwan, including two previously described species, S. rufipennis (Chûjô, 1962) and S. metallipennis (Chûjô, 1962), and five new species, S. cheni Lee, sp. nov., S. jungchani Lee, sp. nov., S. liui Lee, sp. nov., S. tsoui Lee, sp. nov., and S. yuae Lee, sp. nov. Speciation models explaining the high diversity of Siemssenius species in Taiwan, are discussed.
Two new species of the genus Podalonia Fernald from China and a key to the Chinese species of the genus (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae)
Authors: WANG CHUN-HONG , LI QIANG , MA LI
Published: August 2016

Two new species are described: Podalonia arcuaticlypeata Wang & Ma, sp. nov. from Xinjiang, China and Podalonia bicellularis Wang & Ma, sp. nov. from Qinghai, China. A key to the species of Podalonia from China is provided.
The lectotype of Goliathus drurii Westwood, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) in the Macleay Museum, University of Sydney, Australia
Authors: BLACKBURN ROBERT
Published: September 2016

The lectotype of Goliathus drurii Westwood (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) has been located to the Macleay Museum, University of Sydney, Australia. Collected in 1775, this specimen represents the second species of Goliathus to be illustrated in European literature, however eluding a proper species description until 1837. This important specimen, overlooked by previous curators, represents another portion of the Dru Drury collections purchased by Alexander McLeay now held in the Macleay Museum.
Applying n-dimensional hypervolumes for species delimitation: unexpected molecular, morphological, and ecological diversity in the Leaf-Toed Gecko Phyllodactylus reissii Peters, 1862 (Squamata: Phyllodactylidae) from northern Peru
Authors: KOCH CLAUDIA , FLECKS MORRIS , VENEGAS PABLO J. , BIALKE PATRICK , VALVERDE SEBASTIAN , RÖDDER DENNIS
Published: September 2016

An integrative taxonomic approach based on morphology, molecular analyses, and climatic niche modeling was used to uncover cryptic diversity in the phyllodactylid gecko species Phyllodactylus reissii. At least three distinct species could be identified among the examined specimens from southern Ecuador and northern Peru. Phyllodactylus magister, described by Noble (1924) from arid Andean valleys of the Chinchipe and Marañón rivers in the Peruvian Department of Cajamarca and synonymized with P. reissii by Dixon & Huey (1970) is elevated from synonymy and a detailed redescription is provided. A new species of the genus Phyllodactylus from the Andean dry forest of the southern Marañón valley is identified and described herein. Phyllodactylus pachamama sp. nov. is differentiated from other South American congeners on the basis of mtDNA sequence divergence, morphological characters, and differences in the realized climatic niche. At least in Peru, P. reissii seems to primarily inhabit the northern coastal region west of the Andes, while the inter-Andean area along the Río Marañón and its tributaries seems to be inhabited mostly by other species of the genus, which are endemic to this area. The Andean valleys are underestimated in terms of biodiversity and lack thorough investigation and conservation actions.
Notes on the geographic variation of Lopinga gerdae Nordström, 1934 Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)
Authors: HUANG SI-YAO , LANG SONG-YUN
Published: September 2016

Lopinga gerdae Nordström, 1934 (Satyrini) is a species geographically restricted to S. Gansu, Northwest China. It was described from four males and one female collected from “Ka-tien-kou” on 18.VII.[1930] and “Kung-tze-tagga im Tsaluk-Tal, Minshan” on 19.VII.[1930] by Dr. David Hummel (Nordström, 1934). Though exact sites could not be located, we were able to confirm that “Ka-tien-kou” and “Kung-tze-tagga” are two small places in a valley of Minshan Mts. in the southwestern part of the Jone [Choni in Nordström (1934)] County. In recent years, specimens of this species were collected from Tewo by Eckweiler (Görgner, 1990), from Xiahe by Bozano (Bozano, 1999), from Daban-shan by Floriani I., Floriani A. and Saldaitis A. (Bozano pers. comm.), and from Liupan-shan by Chinese researchers. Specimens from different localities having been compared and their distribution considered, it is found that this species varies continuously from west to east in its small range (Fig. 16), with the individuals collected around the type locality being the intermediate form. However, after dissecting the male genitalia, the result suggests that the populations from Xiahe and Liupan-shan should still be regarded as extreme forms of the same species.
Miniature Spatial Heterodyne Raman Spectrometer with a Cell Phone Camera Detector
Authors: Barnett Patrick D. , Angel S. Michael
Published: August 2016

A spatial heterodyne Raman spectrometer (SHRS) with millimeter-sized optics has been coupled with a standard cell phone camera as a detector for Raman measurements. The SHRS is a dispersive-based interferometer with no moving parts and the design is amenable to miniaturization while maintaining high resolution and large spectral range. In this paper, a SHRS with 2.5 mm diffraction gratings has been developed with 17.5 cm−1 theoretical spectral resolution. The footprint of the SHRS is orders of magnitude smaller than the footprint of charge-coupled device (CCD) detectors typically employed in Raman spectrometers, thus smaller detectors are being explored to shrink the entire spectrometer package. This paper describes the performance of a SHRS with 2.5 mm wide diffraction gratings and a cell phone camera detector, using only the cell phone’s built-in optics to couple the output of the SHRS to the sensor. Raman spectra of a variety of samples measured with the cell phone are compared to measurements made using the same miniature SHRS with high-quality imaging optics and a high-quality, scientific-grade, thermoelectrically cooled CCD.
Do integration policies relate to economic and cultural threat perceptions? A comparative study in Europe
Authors: Callens Marie-Sophie , Meuleman Bart
Published: August 2016

In this article, we analyse the relationship between integration policies and perceived intergroup threat across European countries. By distinguishing between several strands of integration policies and forms of threat (economic vs cultural), we attempt to shed more light on the mechanisms underlying the policy-threat nexus. We combine data from The European Values Study of 2008 and the Migration Integration Policy Index of 2007, resulting in a sample of 29,844 native residents in 27 countries, on which we apply multilevel analysis. The outcomes of the analysis reveal that respondents living in a country with more-inclusive integration policies – more specifically, policies aimed at labour market access and political participation – display lower perceptions of economic threat. By contrast, integration policies are not significantly associated with perceptions of cultural threat.
Creating state accountability systems that help schools improve
Authors: Elgart Mark A.
Published: August 2016

Organizational leaders from nearly every sector have been using continuous improvement models and improvement science for years to improve products, services, and processes. Though continuous improvement processes are not new in education, they are relatively new in the state policy arena. In a continuous improvement system, educators use data, test scores, and outcomes as evidence of performance but not as goals for the system or the main drivers of accountability. Such a system changes reporting from a compliance activity to a process that enables positive change at a local level. All districts and schools should receive comprehensive feedback, which lets them act on what they learn. Positive results reaffirm for schools what they are doing well and enable educators to build on their good work and do better. Negative feedback based on real evidence makes it easier for superintendents and principals to justify the need for improvement in those areas and push leaders to provide more consistency, clarity, and coherence around school improvement.
Don’t call me Ma’am
Authors: Smith Richard
Published: August 2016

In the autumn of 2014, the inaugural cohort of direct entry superintendents commenced an 18-month training course. They brought with them a breadth of leadership expertise from previous careers elsewhere in the public and private sectors. All of the nine direct entry superintendents were interviewed, to gauge their motivations for joining the service and to understand more about their leadership credentials. The results show these individuals have a strong bias towards public service and offer credible leadership skills. The strategic picture in which they are operating is complex and not always supportive.
Estimating Intergenerational Mobility With Grouped Data
Authors: Torche Florencia , Corvalan Alejandro
Published: September 2016

This article distinguishes three measures of intergenerational economic mobility that emerge when the population is divided into groups: overall individual mobility, within-group mobility, and between-group mobility. We clarify their properties and the relationship between them. We then evaluate Clark’s use of surname between-group persistence as a preferred measure of intergenerational mobility in the book The Son Also Rises: Surnames and the History of Social Mobility. We show that aggregate surname-level intergenerational persistence cannot be compared with individual persistence because group-level income averages captures diverse individual-level and group-level factors impossible to disentangle without additional identifying information. Furthermore, measures of group persistence do not address the problem of measurement error leading to attenuation bias, which is Clark’s rationale to study surname mobility. An empirical example partitioning the population into groups based on racial/ethnic origins and a simulation clarify the relationship between these different measures of mobility.
Does Forecast Bias Affect Financial Analysts’ Market Influence?
Authors: Keskek Sami , Tse Senyo Y.
Published: September 2016

Prior studies find that analysts tend to bias their forecasts upward in poor information environments and downward in rich information environments, consistent with attempts to curry favor with management. We find that investors anticipate this behavior by reducing their response to upward forecasts in poor information environments and downward forecasts in rich information environments. Using Hugon and Muslu’s measure of analyst conservatism as an ex ante indicator of individual analysts’ forecast bias tendencies, we show that the stronger return response they find to conservative analysts’ forecast revisions is restricted to poor information environments, where optimistic analyst bias is prevalent. Our results suggest that analysts pay a price in market influence when their forecasts reinforce analysts’ typical forecast bias for the firm’s information environment. Conversely, analysts whose forecasts conflict with the typical bias for the firm are rewarded with larger than average return responses.
Isolating Neighborhood Components of Regional Inequality
Authors: Márquez Miguel A. , Lasarte-Navamuel Elena , Lufin Marcelo
Published: August 2016

Regional disparities have been measured mainly using a variety of concentration statistics applied to spatial data. This article modifies a factor decomposition of the Theil index of inequality allowing to assess which part of regional income inequalities could be due to neighborhood features. The proposal is illustrated for the case of the Spanish peninsular provinces during the period 1981–2011. It is shown that the comparison of inequality among neighborhood and specific provincial factors open a new manner of analysis that can shed light on the terms of policy recommendations, specially on those identified as place-based oriented, by introducing a new perspective about what is the relevant place on which the policy has to be set in order to achieve regional inequalities reductions.
Emerging Adulthood: A Time of Changes in Psychosocial Well-Being
Authors: Baggio Stéphanie , Studer Joseph , Iglesias Katia , Daeppen Jean-Bernard , Gmel Gerhard
Published: August 2016

The principal aim of this study was to investigate the psychosocial well-being of emerging adults using psychological states associated with this transitional phase and classic measures of emerging adulthood. We expected psychological states to be more closely associated with psychological well-being than classic markers of achieved adulthood. Data were collected in the Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors from 4,991 Swiss men aged 18–25 years. The assessment included the Short Form of the Inventory of Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA-8), classic markers of achieved adulthood (e.g., financial independence, stable relationship), and psychosocial well-being. Structural equation models (SEMs) were conducted to test the association between measures of emerging adulthood and psychosocial well-being. Overall, the results highlighted contrasting associations of measures of emerging adulthood and psychosocial well-being. Youths facing negative psychological states (dimension “negativity”) and exploring life without knowing how to define themselves (dimension “identity exploration”) had a decreased psychosocial well-being. On the contrary, youths exploring many opportunities with an optimistic perspective (dimension “experimentation”) had an increased psychosocial well-being. By contrast, classic markers of adulthood were less related to psychosocial well-being. The IDEA-8 Scale appeared to be a useful screening tool for identifying vulnerable youths, and emerging adulthood should be measured with a focus on the psychological states associated with this period. This information may be valuable for mental health systems that have not yet adapted to emerging adults’ needs.
Pioneer communities: collective actors in deep mediatisation
Authors: Hepp Andreas
Published: August 2016

The aim of this article is to draw attention to the phenomenon of media-related pioneer communities. The maker, quantified-self and open data movements have made clear how much an analysis of such pioneer communities can contribute to our understanding of changes in media and communication, together with related social and cultural changes. Pioneer communities do not only possess a marked sense of mission; they also develop ideas of media-related change that can provide orientation for broader social discourses. Studying pioneer communities as intermediaries between the development and the appropriation of new media technologies permits us to grasp current mediatisation processes from the actor’s point of view without the need to first ascribe to them any unifying media logic. Pioneer communities are significant collective actors in the process of ‘deep mediatisation’ – the far-reaching entanglement of media technologies with the everyday practices of our social world.
The Gentle Art of Retroduction: Critical Realism, Cultural Political Economy and Critical Grounded Theory
Authors: Belfrage Claes , Hauf Felix
Published: September 2016

This article, first, proposes critical grounded theory (CGT) as a way to develop systematically an array of methods and theoretical propositions into a coherent critical methodology for organization studies (and beyond). Second, it demonstrates CGT’s usefulness through a case study of competing recovery projects from the Icelandic financial crisis. CGT is developed in engagement with the emerging paradigm of cultural political economy (CPE) and its preferred method of critical discourse analysis (CDA). CPE analyses the evolution of ‘economic imaginaries’ in both their structural/material and semiotic/discursive dimensions. This requires a critical realist, multi-dimensional research strategy which emphasizes ethnographic methods and substantial theoretical and historical work. The proposed methodology of CGT enables a retroductive research process that combines deductive theoretical deskwork with inductive fieldwork enabled by grounded theory tools to analyse organizational process, stability and change.
Prevention of Incontinence-Associated Skin Damage in Nursing Homes
Authors: Bliss Donna Z. , Gurvich Olga V. , Mathiason Michelle A. , Eberly Lynn E. , Savik Kay , Harms Susan , Mueller Christine , Wyman Jean F. , Virnig Beth
Published: September 2016

Racial/ethnic disparities in preventing health problems have been reported in nursing homes. Incontinence is common among nursing home residents and can result in inflammatory-type skin damage, referred to as incontinence-associated skin damage (IASD). Little is known about the prevention of IASD and whether there are racial/ethnic disparities in its prevention. This study assessed the proportion of older nursing home residents receiving IASD prevention after developing incontinence after admission ( n = 10,713) and whether there were racial/ethnic disparities in IASD prevention. Predictors of preventing IASD were also examined. Four national data sets provided potential predictors at multiple levels. Disparities were analyzed using the Peters–Belson method; predictors of preventing IASD were assessed using hierarchical logistic regression. Prevention of IASD was received by 0.12 of residents and no racial/ethnic disparities were found. Predictors of preventing IASD were primarily resident-level factors including limitations in activities of daily living, poor nutrition, and more oxygenation problems.
State spatial restructuring, subnational politics and emerging spaces of engagement for collective action: Labour regimes in Tamil Nadu, southern India
Authors: Vijayabaskar M
Published: August 2016

This paper contributes to the emerging literature on state rescaling by examining how processes of restructuring in late transitioning countries like India shape spaces of collective action for labour. India’s subnational States, which have become increasingly critical scales for shaping processes of economic restructuring, face competing governance imperatives. On one hand, they must offer a business-friendly environment, including cheap labour, in order to attract private investments. On the other hand, in a democratic polity, they are compelled to secure political power through electoral appeal to labour. Through a study of labour regimes in the southern State of Tamil Nadu, I argue that subnational governments have responded to this challenge by enabling a scale of labour governance that undermines labour’s ability to engage with new spaces of collective action opened up by reforms and globalization. Rather, the State subsidizes labour through welfare provisioning in their residential spaces even as it draws upon inter-State migrant labour that wields less electoral power.