bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Upscaling of Two-Phase Flow Using Non-Local Multi-Continuum Approach
Authors: Leung Wing T. , Chung Eric T. , Efendiev Yalchin , Vasilyeva Maria , Wheeler Mary
Published: March 2019

The objective of this work is to design upscaled model concepts for multi-phase flow and transport. Our approaches are based on recent developments in multiscale simulations and their relations to upscaling.

We propose a novel multi-phase upscaling technique, which employs rigorous multiscale concepts based on the Constraint Energy Minimization (CEM-GMsFEM). CEM-GMsFEM concepts utilize local spectral problems and an energy minimization principle to design multiscale basis functions, which are supported in oversampled regions. A coarse-grid solution defined by these basis functions provides first-order accuracy with respect to the coarse-mesh size and is independent of high contrast of the permeability. The degrees of freedom in multiscale methods represent the coordinates of the solution in the multiscale space. To design an upscaled model, we modify these basis functions such that the degrees of freedom have physical meanings, in particular, the averages of the solution in each continuum. This allows deriving rigorous upscaled models and account for both local and non-local on the effects. The transmissibilities in our upscaled models are non-local and take into account non-neighboring connections.

To extend this approach to nonlinear problems in the context of two-phase flow, we develop non-linear upscaling, where the pressures and saturations are interpolated within an oversampled region based on average values of these quantities. Multicontinua concepts are used to localize the problem to the oversampled regions. Our upscaled model shares some similarities with the pseudo-relative permeability approach with the following differences: (1) the upscaled relative permeabilities depend non-locally on the saturations; and (2) local problems, formulated in oversampled regions, involve constraints and require multi-contiuum concepts.

The numerical results will utilize upscaled methods to predict the solution of single-and two-phase flow dynamics. We will describe upscaled equations, which include the non-local neighborhood connections. Our results demonstrate that the proposed approaches provide a good accuracy and robustness. We consider various types of heterogeneities. The proposed concepts will benefit developing coarse-grid and upscaled models for many applications involving multi-phase flow and transport.
Multilevel Strategies and Geological Parameterizations for History Matching Complex Reservoir Models
Authors: Liu Yimin , Durlofsky Louis J.
Published: March 2019

In this study we explore the use of multilevel derivative-free optimization for history matching, with model properties described using PCA-based parameterization techniques. The parameterizations applied in this work are optimization-based PCA (O-PCA) and convolutional neural network-based PCA (CNN-PCA). The latter, which derives from recent developments in deep learning, is able to represent accurately models characterized by multipoint spatial statistics. Mesh adaptive direct search (MADS), a pattern search method that parallelizes naturally, is applied for the optimizations required to generate posterior (history matched) models. The use of PCA-based parameterization reduces considerably the number of variables that must be determined during history matching (since the dimension of the parameterization is much smaller than the number of grid blocks in the model), but the optimization problem can still be computationally demanding. The multilevel strategy introduced here addresses this issue by reducing the number of simulations that must be performed at each MADS iteration. Specifically, the PCA coefficients (which are the optimization variables after parameterization) are determined in groups, at multiple levels, rather than all at once. Numerical results are presented for 2D cases, involving channelized systems (with binary and bimodal permeability distributions) and a deltaic-fan system, using O-PCA and CNN-PCA parameterizations. O-PCA is effective when sufficient conditioning (hard) data are available, but it can lead to geomodels that are inconsistent with the training image when these data are scarce or nonexistent. CNN-PCA, by contrast, can provide accurate geomodels that contain realistic features even in the absence of hard data. History matching results demonstrate that substantial uncertainty reduction is achieved in all cases considered, and that the multilevel strategy is effective in reducing the number of simulations required. It is important to note that the parameterizations discussed here can be used with a wide range of history matching procedures (including ensemble methods), and that other derivative-free optimization methods can be readily applied within the multilevel framework.
Flexible Discretizations of the Three-Component Three-Phase Flow Problem
Authors: Cappanera Loic , Riviere Beatrice
Published: March 2019

A discontinuous Galerkin method of first order is proposed to solve the three-phase flow problem in three-dimensional heterogeneous reservoirs. The formulation is based on the compositional model and the primary unknowns are the total mass fraction of gas, the aqueous phase saturation and the liquid phase pressure. The algorithm is sequential and controls the nonlinearity with a subiteration scheme. Robustness of the method is shown on reservoirs with different heterogeneities: random permeability field, reservoir with barriers and layered reservoir. The algorithm easily handles phase appearance and disappearance, as well as mass transfer between the vapor and liquid phase.
Markov Chain Monte Carlo Uncertainty Quantification with a Least-Squares Support Vector Regression Proxy
Authors: dos Santos Sousa Emilio Paulo , Reynolds Albert C.
Published: March 2019

Important decisions in the oil industry rely on reservoir simulation predictions. Unfortunately, most of the information available to build the necessary reservoir simulation models are uncertain, and one must quantify how this uncertainty propagates to the reservoir predictions. Recently, ensemble methods based on the Kalman filter have become very popular due to its relatively easy implementation and computational efficiency. However, ensemble methods based on the Kalman filter are developed based on an assumption of a linear relationship between reservoir parameters and reservoir simulation predictions as well as the assumption that the reservoir parameters follows a Gaussian distribution, and these assumptions do not hold for most practical applications. When these assumptions do not hold, ensemble methods only provide a rough approximation of the posterior probability density functions (pdf 's) for model parameters and predictions of future reservoir performance. However, in cases where the posterior pdf for the reservoir model parameters conditioned to dynamic observed data can be constructed from Bayes’ theorem, uncertainty quantification can be accomplished by sampling the posterior pdf. The Markov chain Monte Carlos (MCMC) method provides the means to sample the posterior pdf, although with an extremely high computational cost because, for each new state proposed in the Markov chain, the evaluation of the acceptance probability requires one reservoir simulation run. The primary objective of this work is to obtain a reliable least-squares support vector regression (LS-SVR) proxy to replace the reservoir simulator as the forward model when MCMC is used for sampling the posterior pdf of reservoir model parameters in order to characterize the uncertainty in reservoir parameters and future reservoir performance predictions using a practically feasible number of reservoir simulation runs. Application of LS-SVR to history-matching is also investigated.
New and Improved Physical Property Models for Chemical Flooding Simulators
Authors: Lashgari Hamid , Pope Gary , Balhoff Mathew , Tagavifar Mohsen
Published: March 2019

Significant advances have been made in chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in recent years including the development of hybrid methods that combine surfactants, polymers, alkali, co-solvents, gas and heat in novel ways. New and improved chemical and physical property models have been developed to more accurately simulate these processes at the field scale. We present improved models for relative permeability, capillary pressure, the effect of polymer viscoelasticity on residual oil saturation, the effect of pH on surfactant adsorption, polymer partitioning between aqueous and microemulsion phases, and the effect of co-solvent on microemulsion viscosity. Several simulations are presented to demonstrate how the models can be used to match experimental data.
Integrated Framework for Modelling of Thermal-Compositional Multiphase Flow in Porous Media
Authors: Khait Mark , Voskov Denis
Published: March 2019

Various novel computing architectures, like massively parallel and multi-core, as well as computing accelerators, like GPUs or TPUs, keep regularly expanding. In order to exploit the benefits of these architectures to the full extent and speed up reservoir simulation, the source code has to be inevitably rewritten, sometimes almost completely. We demonstrate how to extract complex physics-related computations from the main simulation loop, leaving only an algebraic multilinear interpolation kernel instead. In combination with linear solvers, which usually have made available soon once the new architecture is introduced, the approach accommodates execution of the entire nonlinear loop on the latest hardware and computational architectures. We describe the integrated simulation framework built on top of this technique and show the applicability of the approach to various challenging physical and chemical problems. All simulation engines along with linear solvers, well controls, interpolation engines, and state operator evaluators are implemented in C++11 and exposed into Python coupling the flexibility of the script language with the performance of C++.
Implicit High-Resolution Compositional Simulation With Optimal Ordering of Unknowns and Adaptive Spatial Refinement
Authors: Klemetsdal Ø.S. , Møyner O. , Lie K.-A.
Published: March 2019

High-resolution discretizations can be advantageous in compositional simulation to reduce excessive numerical diffusion that tends to mask shocks and fingering effects. In this work, we outline a fully implicit, dynamic, multilevel, high-resolution simulator for compositional problems on unstructured polyhedral grids. We rely on four ingredients: (i) sequential splitting of the full problem into a pressure and a transport problem, (ii) ordering of grid cells based on intercell fluxes to localize the nonlinear transport solves, (iii) higher-order discontinuous Galerkin (dG) spatial discretization with order adaptivity for the component transport, and (iv) a dynamic coarsening and refinement procedure. For purely cocurrent flow, and in the absence of capillary forces, the nonlinear transport system can be perturbed to a lower block-triangular form. With counter-current flow caused by gravity or capillary forces, the nonlinear system of discrete transport equations will contain larger blocks of mutually dependent cells on the diagonal. In either case, the transport subproblem can be solved efficiently cell-by-cell or block-by-block because of the natural localization in the dG scheme. In addition, we discuss how adaptive grid and order refinement can effectively improve accuracy. We demonstrate the applicability of the proposed solver through a number of examples, ranging from simple conceptual problems with PEBI grids in two dimensions, to realistic reservoir models in three dimensions. We compare our new solver to the standard upstream-mobility-weighting scheme and to a second-order WENO scheme.
Parameter Estimation of Weighted New Weibull Pareto Distribution
Authors: Mudasir Sofi , Ahmad S P
Published: March 2019

In this chapter, method of moments, maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods of estimation were studied for estimating the scale parameter of the WNWP distribution. Bayes estimators are obtained using different loss functions under different types of priors. For comparison of different loss functions and different types of priors, two real life data sets are used, and the outcomes are obtained through R-software. On equating the posterior risk obtained under different loss functions, it is clear from the above tables that QLF has minimum value of posterior risk and is thus preferable as compared to other loss functions used in this paper. Also, from tables 2.2 to 2.7, it is clear that in order to estimate the said parameter combination of quadratic loss function and extension of Jeffrey’s prior can be preferred.
Primera época - Año V, Número 15, septiembre-diciembre 2003
Authors: De San Luis Revista De El Colegio
Published: March 2019

Este número corresponde a la primera época de la Revista de El Colegio de San Luis, denominado VETAS.
Obesity and Body Composition in Man and Woman: Associated Diseases and the New Role of Gut Microbiota
Authors: Avolio Ennio , Gualtieri Paola , Romano Lorenzo , Pecorella Claudio , Ferraro Simona , Palma Giuseppe , Di Renzo Laura , De Lorenzo Antonino
Published: March 2019

Background:

Obesity is now recognized as a worldwide health issue and has
reached epidemic proportions, affecting both developed and developing countries. The World
Obesity Federation stated that “Obesity is a chronic relapsing disease process”: as a result,
obesity has been recognized internationally as a chronic disease.

:

The primary cause of the metabolic syndrome and increase of the cardiovascular risk have
been identified in "sick fat", a condition then defined as adiposopathy. Heart attacks, strokes
and renal failures are pathologies that have mid-risk factors such as dyslipidemia, hypertension
and diabetes, which in turn are caused by obesity, whose primary risk factor is represented
by the diet. The aim of the present review is to consider the importance of body composition,
together with chronic inflammation and a new gut microbiota data that may turn out
to be crucial elements of some target treatment of human obesity.

Methods:

In this review, we performed research using PubMed database reviewing the evidence
in the literature of evidence information regarding the link between obesity and body
composition in the development of metabolic disease via inflammation markers and in particular,
the new role exerted by gut microbiota.

Results:

Several papers were evaluated searching for differences in fat mass and disease risk.
We also identified the same papers dealing with differences in body composition and metabolic
syndrome. Our attention focuses also on a new frontier of gut microbiota composition in
the body weight decrease and anti-inflammatory effects.

Conclusion:

To the saving of lean mass, for the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases, also
considering the relationship with obesity, it is necessary to reduce the inflammatory state, acting
on the gut-microbiota and on the intestinal permeability. To improve the health of the intestinal
flora, we propose a 4P medicine and treatment with probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics,
and polyphenols.
Progress in Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Choi Jane Ru , Yong Kar Wey , Choi Jean Yu , Cowie Alistair C.
Published: March 2019

Background:

Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs), a type of biomimetic materials
have attracted considerable interest owing to their cost-effectiveness, good physiochemical
stability, favorable specificity and selectivity for target analytes, and long shelf life. These
materials are able to mimic natural recognition entities, including biological receptors and
antibodies, providing a versatile platform to achieve the desirable functionality for various
biomedical applications.

Objective:

In this review article, we introduce the most recent development of MIPs to date. We
first highlight the advantages of using MIPs for a broad range of biomedical applications. We then
review their various methods of synthesis along with their latest progress in biomedical
applications, including biosensing, drug delivery, cell imaging and drug discovery. Lastly, the
existing challenges and future perspectives of MIPs for biomedical applications are briefly
discussed.

Conclusion:

We envision that MIPs may be used as potential materials for diverse biomedical
applications in the near future.
Chlorosulfonic Acid Supported Piperidine-4-carboxylic Acid (PPCA) Functionalized Fe3O4 Nanoparticles (Fe3O4-PPCA): The Efficient, Green and Reusable Nanocatalyst for the Synthesis of Pyrazolyl Coumarin Derivatives under Solvent-Free Conditions
Authors: Habibzadeh Setareh , Ghasemnejad-Bosra Hassan , Haghdadi Mina , Heydari-Parastar Soheila
Published: March 2019

Background:

In this study, we developed a convenient methodology for the synthesis of
coumarin linked to pyrazolines and pyrano [2,3-h] coumarins linked to 3-(1,5-diphenyl-4,5-
dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-chromen-2-one derivatives using Chlorosulfonic acid supported
Piperidine-4-carboxylic acid (PPCA) functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4-PPCA) catalyst.

Materials and Methods::

Fe3O4-PPCA was investigated as an efficient and magnetically
recoverable Nanocatalyst for the one-pot synthesis of substituted coumarins from the reaction of
coumarin with a variety of aromatic aldehydes in high to excellent yield at room temperature under
solvent-free conditions. The magnetic nanocatalyst can be easily recovered by applying an external
magnet device and reused for at least 10 reaction runs without considerable loss of reactivity.

Results and Conclusion:

The advantages of this protocol are the use of commercially available
materials, simple and an inexpensive procedure, easy separation, and an eco-friendly procedure,
and it shows good reaction times, good to high yields, inexpensive and practicability procedure,
and high efficiency.
Expression profile of MicroRNA: An Emerging Hallmark of Cancer
Authors: Zaheer Uzma , Faheem Muhammed , Qadri Ishtiaq , Begum Nargis , Yassine Hadi M. , Al Thani Asmaa A. , Mathew Shilu
Published: March 2019

MicroRNA (miRNAs), a class of small, endogenous non-coding RNA molecules of about 21-24 nucleotides
in length, have unraveled a new modulatory network of RNAs that form an additional level of posttranscriptional
gene regulation by targeting messenger RNAs (mRNAs). These miRNAs possess the ability to
regulate gene expression by modulating the stability of mRNAs, controlling their translation rates, and consequently
regulating protein synthesis. Substantial experimental evidence established the involvement of miRNAs
in most biological processes like growth, differentiation, development, and metabolism in mammals including
humans. An aberrant expression of miRNAs has been implicated in several pathologies, including cancer. The
association of miRNAs with tumor growth, development, and metastasis depicts their potential as effective diagnostic
and prognostic biomarkers. Furthermore, exploitation of the role of different miRNAs as oncogenes or
tumor suppressors has aided in designing several miRNA-based therapeutic approaches for treating cancer patients
whose clinical trials are underway. In this review, we aim to summarize the biogenesis of miRNAs and the
dysregulations in these pathways that result in various pathologies and in some cases, resistance to drug treatment.
We provide a detailed review of the miRNA expression signatures in different cancers along with their
diagnostic and prognostic utility. Furthermore, we elaborate on the potential employment of miRNAs to enhance
cancer cell apoptosis, regress tumor progression and even overcome miRNA-induced drug resistance.
Herb-Drug Interactions and Hepatotoxicity
Authors: Parvez Mohammad K. , Rishi Vikas
Published: March 2019

Background:

In recent times, herbals or phytomedicines have become very popular due to their global acceptance as a complementary and alternative remedy. While modern drugs are commercially available only after laboratory validations, clinical trials, as well as approval from drug regulatory authorities, majority of the marketed herbal products lack such scientific evidence of efficacy and safety. This results in herb or herb-drug interaction induced unfavorable clinical outcomes without crucial documentation on their temporal relations and concomitant use.

Methods:

An online literature search for peer-reviewed articles was conducted on the PubMed, Europe PMC, Medline and Google Scholar portals, using the phrases: complementary & alternative medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, herb-drug interaction, mechanisms of herb-drug interaction, herb-induced toxicity, herbal hepatotoxicity and causality, traditional medicine, viral hepatitis, etc.

Results:

The retrieved data showed that globally, patients are attracted to herbal remedies with the misconception that these are completely safe and therefore, use them simultaneously with prescription drugs. Notably, there exists a potential risk of herb-drug interactions leading to some adverse side effects, including hepatotoxicity. The toxicological effect of a drug or herb is due to the inhibition of drug metabolizing enzymes (e.g., cytochrome P450), including interactions with certain prescription drugs through various mechanisms. Several cases of hepatotoxicity due to use of herbals in viral hepatitis-related liver diseases have been recently reported. However, limited experimental data and clinical evidence on herbal pharmacokinetics hamper the evaluation and reporting of adverse reactions and the underlying mechanisms.

Conclusion:

Herb-drug interaction related morbidity is thus an emerging serious public health issue with broad implications for clinicians, pharmaceutical industries and health authorities. Nonetheless, despite increasing recognition of herb-drug interaction, a standard system for interaction prediction and evaluation is still nonexistent. This review article discusses the herb-drug interactions related hepatotoxicity and underlying mechanisms, including drug metabolizing enzymes and their regulation.
Hepatocyte Growth Factor and Macrophage-stimulating Protein “Hinge” Analogs to Treat Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Wright John W. , Church Kevin J. , Harding Joseph W.
Published: March 2019

Pancreatic cancer (PC) ranks twelfth in frequency of diagnosis but is the fourth leading cause of cancer related deaths with a 5 year survival rate of less than 7 percent. This poor prognosis occurs because the early stages of PC are often asymptomatic. Over-expression of several growth factors, most notably vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), has been implicated in PC resulting in dysfunctional signal transduction pathways and the facilitation of tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) acts via the Met receptor and has also received research attention with ongoing efforts to develop treatments to block the Met receptor and its signal transduction pathways. Macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP), and its receptor Ron, is also recognized as important in the etiology of PC but is less well studied. Although the angiotensin II (AngII)/AT1 receptor system is best known for mediating blood pressure and body water/electrolyte balance, it also facilitates tumor vascularization and growth by stimulating the expression of VEGF. A metabolite of AngII, angiotensin IV (AngIV) has sequence homology with the “hinge regions” of HGF and MSP, key structures in the growth factor dimerization processes necessary for Met and Ron receptor activation. We have developed AngIV-based analogs designed to block dimerization of HGF and MSP and thus receptor activation. Norleual has shown promise as tested utilizing PC cell cultures. Results indicate that cell migration, invasion, and pro-survival functions were suppressed by this analog and tumor growth was significantly inhibited in an orthotopic PC mouse model.
Validity of Visceral Fat Area Measurement by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Japanese Obese Individuals
Authors: Hamasaki Hidetaka , Furuta Masashi , Yanai Hidekatsu
Published: March 2019

Introduction:

Obesity management is a critical global issue. It is essential to evaluate visceral
adiposity which is associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease.

Aim:

This study aims at precisely evaluating the necessity of visceral adipose tissue in obesity management.

Methods:

We assessed the validity of visceral fat area (VFA) measurement using bioelectrical impedance
analysis (BIA) with computed tomography (CT) as a reference in obese subjects. Although VFABIA
exhibited significant correlation with VFACT, the difference between VFACT and VFABIA increased with
an advancing degree of obesity.

Result and Conclusion:

The BIA device seemingly underestimated VFA in obese subjects compared
with the normal-weight subjects.
Design, Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Gastro- Protective Anti-inflammatory Analgesic Agents based on Dual Oxidative Stress / Cyclooxygenase Inhibition
Authors: Gaba Monika , Singh Sarbjot , Mohan Chander , Dhingra Richa , Chauhan Monika , Rana Priyanka , Dhingra Neelima
Published: March 2019

Background:

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) derived local
generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a crucial role in the formation of gastric
ulceration.

Objective:

Therefore, anti-inflammatory analgesics with potent antioxidant activity could
be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of pain and inflammatory disorders
without gastrointestinal (GI) side effects.

Methods:

In an effort to develop gastroprotective analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents,
a series of 2-methylamino-substituted-1H-benzo[d] imidazol-1-yl) (phenyl) methanone derivatives
were synthesized and evaluated in vitro for cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition as
well as anti-oxidant potential by the FRAP assay. The compounds with significant in vitro
COX-1/COX-2 inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity were further screened in vivo for
their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Moreover, the ulcerogenic potential of test
compounds was also studied. To gain insight into the plausible mode of interaction of
compounds within the active sites of COX-1 and COX-2, molecular docking simulations
were performed.

Results:

Among the various synthesized molecules, most of the compounds showed good
cyclooxygenase inhibitory activity and efficient antioxidant activity in FRAP assay. After
preliminary and indicative in vitro assays, three compounds exhibited most significant antiinflammatory
and analgesic activity with better gastric tolerability during their in vivo
evaluation. Ligand interaction studies indicated highest dock score -43.05 of 1,2-
disubstituted benzimidazole derivatives in comparison to the reference ligand -30.70.
Overall studies provided us (2-((4-methoxyphenylamino) methyl) -1h-benzo [d] imidazol-
1-yl) (phenyl) methanone as a lead with potent gastro-protective anti-inflammatory and analgesic
activities that can be used for future research.

Conclusion:

From the above results, it can be concluded that designing of multifunctional
molecules with COX-1/COX-2 inhibitory and anti-oxidant activities could hold a great
promise for further development of GI-safer NSAIDs.
Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of Osteoporosis Knowledge Tool-Arabic Version Among Iraqi Population
Authors: Abdulameer Shaymaa Abdalwahed , Sahib Mohanad Naji
Published: March 2019

Background:

Osteoporosis is a major public health problem as the majority of people are not aware of the disease until the complications occur.

Objective:

The aims of this study were to validate Osteoporosis Knowledge Tool (OKT-A) Arabic version and to assess the osteoporosis knowledge among Iraqi general population.

Methods:

A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in the city of Baghdad with a random cluster sampling method from the community. Forward–backward-forward translation method was used to translate the OKT questionnaire from English into Arabic language. The psychometric assessment process includes: face validity, reliability (Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest), item difficulty index, point biserial correlation and discriminatory power.

Results:

The results showed good face validity. The Cronbach’s alpha and Pearson correlation coefficient of the test re-test reliability were 0.775 and 0.412, respectively. Item difficulty index, point biserial correlation ranges and discriminatory power were 0.105 to 0.852, 0.105 to 0.445 and 0.933, respectively. These results demonstrated that OKT-A was a reliable and stable tool. The results showed low OKT-A scores 11.50±3.958. Furthermore, the OKT-A scores and its subscales were less than 50%. In addition, there were significant differences between the following independent variables in relation to total OKT-A scores: educational level, do you have osteoporosis or ever heard about osteoporosis. Moreover, there was a significant association between ever heard about osteoporosis groups and the OKT-A knowledge levels.

Conclusion:

This study showed good validity and reliability of OKT-A tool among Arabic general population. In addition, the results showed an urgent need for implementing an educational programme and should be a public health practice to increase the knowledge toward osteoporosis and its related risk factor.
In Vitro Quantitative Resistance Components in Wheat Plants to Fusarium Head Blight
Authors: Sakr Nachaat
Published: March 2019

Background:

In vitro tools have proved to be very useful in identifying quantitative resistance in wheat to Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) infection. However, there is a need to understand how the different in vitro and in planta tests correlate to describe the level of wheat resistance to FHB infection.

Objective and Methods:

We evaluated the correlation between in vitro symptom assessment using nine quantitative resistance criteria and in planta disease severity for Type II resistance assessment using a set of 16 FHB isolates across two widely grown Syrian wheat cultivars: Cham1 (durum) and Cham6 (bread).

Results:

Cultivar differences after inoculation with fungal isolates in seedlings and adult plants relative to the controls were detected. There were significant differences in the resistance of two wheat cultivars as measured by adult FHB resistance, Latent Period (LP) of detached leaf inoculation and standardized Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPCstandard) of modified Petri-dish inoculation. Correlation coefficients between FHB severity and the two in vitro components LP and AUDPCstandard were significant (r=0.545 with p<0.05, and r=0.659 with p<0.01, respectively). No significant differences in the resistance of Cham6 and Cham1 were indicated for the other seven in vitro components: incubation period and lesion length of detached leaf inoculation, germination rate reduction and coleoptile length reduction of modified Petri-dish inoculation and lesion length of clip-dipping inoculation and percentage of infected seedlings of foliar-spraying and pin-point inoculations. Results from these seven components were not correlated with adult FHB resistance. Longer latent period and less AUDPCstandard were related to greater FHB disease-type II resistance.

Conclusion:

LP and AUDPCstandard are indicators of mechanisms of resistance occurring in the whole plant during FHB infection. Therefore, the idea of using in vitro components is based on their predictive ability of in planta adult FHB resistance.
Patterns of Islamic Banks Financing to Increase the Number of Halal Tourism and the Local Generated Income (PAD) Growth In Indonesia
Authors: Muhammad Fadli
Published: March 2019

This study aims to analyze the relationship of Islamic bank financing to the increase the number of halal tourists and the growth the local generated income (PAD) period 2015-2016 in 33 provinces, Indonesia. Using the research method is granger causality and panel data multiple regression with the Minitab analytical tool. This model analyzes the influence of Islamic bank financing contributions to the number of halal tours and the local generated income. The amount of Islamic banks financing in the tourism sector such as restaurant and lodging business has contributed to increase the number of halal tourists and the growth of the local generated income (PAD). The results of this study can be used for the Islamic banking industry to support capital financing for the halal industry. In previous studies only analyzed the halal tourism potential, as well as the potential of the tourism industry in general for the local generated income. However, this study discusses the contribution of Islamic bank financing to the number of halal tourism and an increase in the local generated income.
Potential of Polycode Texts for the Organization of Operational Interaction between Study Materials and User
Authors: Anikina Marina N
Published: March 2019

The article is devoted to the problem of optimizing the operational interaction between an educational materials and aids and the user. The author explains and justifies the need to create a polycode interface for interaction management, whose main features are simplicity, accessibility, versatility and ergonomics. It represents an original development of a multi-view interaction interface and its practical implementation.
The Phenomenon of C.T. Aitmatov: To the 90th Birthday of the Writer
Authors: Smirnova Alfia I
Published: March 2019

The purpose of the article dedicated to the 90th anniversary of Chinghiz Aitmatov’s birth is the study of the phenomenon of the writer’s artistic world, the uniqueness of which is due to a special author’s vision, manifested in the mythopoetic and philosophical understanding of life, in the “new” type of literary thinking, in creating a holistic national image of the world, in the “linguistic cosmos” of the bilingual author. On the material of the texts “The White Sheamboat”, “The Day Lasts More Than a Hundred Years”, “Scaffold”, “When the Mountains Fall (Eternal Bride)” and others, the poetics of the title, spatial loci and images of animals, the function of motives, the semantics of the circle, the specific character of poetic language are analyzed. The thirst for creativity as the need for “artistic perception of life” is considered in the article in two main aspects, formulated by Aitmatov himself as the Artist’s responsibility before the future: “knowledge of infinite beauty and infinite contradiction of the world”. The results of the text analysis are correlated in the article with the creative principles of the author, which made it possible to define the phenomenon of the artistic world of the bilingual writer as an achieving a “new level of consciousness” (Chinghiz Aitmatov’s “Linguistic Cosmos”).
Estudio micológico y experimental de un caso de esporotricosis
Authors: Flores Carlos , Ferrada Luis , De La Parra Marco
Published: March 2019

Nota Editorial: Este es un artículo que ha permanecido inédito hasta la fecha, describe el primer caso de Esporotricosis en Chile y hemos querido publicarlo como un homenaje póstumo al Prof. Carlos Flores. Se podrá apreciar que La nomenclatura empleada corresponde a la época de 1951 y que se ha respetado.
Airborne fungus at Pavia (Italy)
Authors: Caretta G. , Crippa A. , Della Franca P. , Del Frate G. , Guglielminetii M. , Mangiarotti A. M. , Picco A. M. , Savino E.
Published: March 2019

Entre el 1º de Febrero de 1979 al 28 de Febrero de 1980, fueron expuestas en Pavia, 3 veces por semana, tres placas de petri de 16 cm de diam. conteniendo PDA. Se aislaron un total de 12.734 colonias (pertenecientes a 46 géneros y 88 especies).Muchos de los aislamientos (54,6%), fueron especies de los géneros Cladosporium (13,4%), Epicoccum (11,7%), Aureobasidium (9,3%), Alternaría (7,9%), Penicillium (6,4%) y Botrytis (5,9%).Alternarla, Cladosporium y Epicoccum, aumentan en el Verano avanzado y en los inicios de Otoño. Aureobasidium, Aspergillus y Penicillium son frecuentes en invierno; Botrytis, es abundante en Primavera. Las especies dominantes aisladas fueron: Alternaria alternata, A. longipes, Aspergillus fumigatus, A.niger y A. flavus, Ameobasidium pullulans var. pullulans, Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Epicoccum purpurascens, Penicillium janthinellum. Las especies de Fusarium roseum var. gibbosum (= F. equiseti), Phoma destructiva, Rhodotorula glutinis y Sporobolomyces roseus fueron también numerosas.
To Treat or Not to Treat
Authors: Shabsigh Ahmad
Published: March 2019

The question may still remain when and how to treat localized prostate cancer
Az emberi lét rétegei és a robotetika kérdései
Authors: Pokol Béla
Published: March 2019

A tanulmány a robotvilág hatásaival átitatott társadalmi körülmények között felmerülő, új etikai dilemmákat igyekszik elemezni. Ehhez azt a valóságképet veszi alapul, mely Nicolai Hartmann ontológiája nyomán a valóság létrétegei között találja meg az egyre terjedő mesterséges intelligencia helyét. Ebből a kiindulópontból veszi górcső alá a különösen angol nyelven nagy létszámú robotetikai elemzés összegző tanulmányait, és azt vizsgálja, hogy az emberi lét négyrétegűségének elmélete milyen korrekciókat tesz szükségessé e téren az eddigi elemzésekhez képest.

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The layers of human existence and the questions of robot ethics

The paper seeks to analyse the new ethical dilemmas that arise in the social contexts of the robot world. It is based on the theoretical foundation of the ontology of Nicolai Hartmann, which finds the place of ever-increasing artificial intelligence among the layers of being of reality. From this starting point, it examines the summative studies of the massive robotics analysis already developed in English and looks at their correction that needs to be made in the theory of four-layered human existence in comparison with the analyses so far.

Keywords: artificial intelligence, ontology, evolution, Nicolai Hartmann
A számítóközpontoktól a digitális esélyegyenlőségig. Az NJSZT első 50 éve
Authors: Képes Gábor
Published: March 2019

Idén fél évszázada alakult meg a Neumann János Számítógép-tudományi Társaság (NJSZT). Mostani tanulmányunk azt mutatja be, hogyan nyílt ki az NJSZT és vált az információs társadalom kérdéseinek egyik legfontosabb nonprofit szereplőjévé – s közben hogyan hatott a magyar társadalomra, amely iránt felelős elkötelezettséget vállalt.

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From Computer Centres to Digital Inclusion: the First Fifty Years of the John von Neuamnn Computer Society

The John von Neumann Computer Society (NJSZT) was founded half a century ago this year. This study shows how NJSZT has opened up and became one of the most important non-profit actors in information society issues – and at the same time how it has influenced the Hungarian society to which it committed itself.

Keywords: NJSZT, Computer centres, history, digital inclusion
A jövő rajtunk múlik! WTF?!
Authors: Pintér Róbert
Published: March 2019

Recenzió Tim O’Reilly WTF? Miért rajtunk múlik, mit hoz a jövő? (Typotex Kiadó, Budapest, 2018, 474 oldal, ISBN 9789632799964, fordította: Farkas Nóra, Kozma Dániel, lektorálta: Alföldi István) című könyvéről.

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The future is up to us! WTF?!

Book review on Tim O’Reilly WTF? Miért rajtunk múlik, mit hoz a jövő? (WTF? What’s the Future and Why It’s Up to Us, Typotex Kiadó, Budapest, 2018, 474 oldal, ISBN 9789632799964)
Franchet d’Espèrey et la politique Balkanique de la France 1918-1919
Authors: Pavlovic Vojislav
Published: March 2019

L?arriv?e du g?n?ral Franchet d?Esp?rey ? Salonique, en tant que commandant
des troupes alli?es sur le front d?Orient, en juin 1918 a cr?? les
conditions pour que les arm?es alli?es, men?es par les divisions serbes et
fran?aises, r?ussissent ? percer la ligne du front le 15 septembre et
obligent la Bulgarie ? signer l?armistice le 29 septembre. La victoire
alli?e ? Salonique fut ? l?origine de la d?cision de l??tat-Major allemand
d?exiger la fin des hostilit?s vu que l??croulement du front dans les
Balkans avait rendu vains tous les efforts pour gagner la guerre. Or, le
gouvernement de Georges Clemenceau se refusa d?exploiter les fruits de la
victoire audel? de ses retomb?s sur les affaires balkaniques. L?armistice
avec l?Empire Ottoman et la lib?ration de la Serbie furent ses objectifs
principaux. La rentr?e de la Roumanie dans la guerre fut, en revanche,
l?objectif d?une port?e plus grande, car ? travers elle fut pr?vue de
r?tablir les contacts avec les forces anti-bolch?viques en Russie.
Ankara-Beypazarı Sekli ve Hırkatepe köylerinde Kızıl Geyikler (Cervus elaphus, Linneaeus 1758) Üzerine Gözlemler
Authors: ULUTÜRK Servet , YÜRÜMEZ Gökhan
Published: March 2019

Ankara Beypazarı
ilçesine bağlı Sekli ve Hırkatepe köyleri civarında kızıl geyiklerin tespit
edildiği 7 farklı gözlem alanında türün yavrulama ve üreme dönemleri dikkate
alınarak Mayıs, Haziran, Ağustos, Eylül ve Ekim 2015 aylarında izleme çalışması
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Arazi çalışmaları ile yapılan gözlemlerde toplam 68 birey
doğrudan fotoğraflanarak veya kurulan kamera tuzakları ile görüntülenmiştir.
Gözlem alanlarında kamera tuzakları ile 356 kızıl geyik kaydı elde edilmiş ve
çalışmada başarı oranı 2,52 fotoğraf/100 fotokapan-gün değeri olarak hesaplanmıştır.
Mayıs ayında geyiklerin kamera tuzaklarına yakalanma oranı oldukça fazlayken bu
oran Haziran, Temmuz ve Ağustos aylarında yok denecek kadar azalmıştır. Yapılan
bu çalışmalar ile türün popülasyon trendi dışında türü tehdit eden faktörlerde
ele alınmıştır.
Zoledronic acid administration enhances fracture healing in the osteoporotic fractures in ovariectomized rabbits
Authors: Gokhan Cansabuncu , Namik Sahin , Yavuz Akalin , Nazan Cevik , Guven Ozkaya
Published: March 2019

Objectives: To evaluate the radiological, histological and mechanical effects on osteoporotic fracture healing of single-dose zoledronic acid (ZA) applied to an animal model with an experimentally created osteoporotic bone fracture. Methods: A total of 14 adult, female New Zealand rabbits, aged 5-6 months were used in the study. Bone mineral density (BMD) values were calculated from bone densitometry measurements and recorded. Bilateral ovariectomy was then applied to all the rabbits. At 10 weeks after ovariectomy, bone densitometry was again performed on all the animals and the BMD values were compared. Osteoporosis was accepted as having developed in animals determined with a reduction of 28% in BMD values. After the placement of a K-wire intramedullarly in the femurs of the rabbits, a closed fracture was created with the standard method. The animals were then randomly separated into 2 groups as the zoledronic acid group (ZAG) and the control group (CG). An infusion of 0.1 mg/kg ZAwas administered to the ZAG animals from the ear vein. With visualisation of bone union rabbits were sacrificed by decapitation. Radiological, mechanical and histological assesments were then applied. Results: In the histological evaluation, the mean histological score was determined as 5.00 in the ZAG and 3.00 in the CG. The difference between the groups was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001). In the radiological evaluation, the mean score was 7.00 in the ZAG and 6.25 in the CG. Even though higher points were obtained by the ZAG in the inter-observer evaluations, the difference between the groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.073). In the mechanical evaluation, the elasticity collapse in negative proportion to rigidity was measured as 2.91 mm in the ZAG and 3.96 mm in the CG (p = 0.686). The rigidity data of the ZAG were higher in the mechanical tests but the difference between the groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.086). Conclusion: As the results of the study showed that the ZAG had higher values than those of the CG in all the histological, mechanical and radiological evaluations, the application of a single dose of ZA can be considered to increase the healing of osteoporotic fractures.
Lip pits abscess: Isolated congenital midline upper lip sinus
Authors: Hamzan Izzuddin , Ishak Ariffuddin , Basiron Binti
Published: March 2019

Congenital midline upper lip sinuses or fistulas are exceptionally uncommon condition following abnormal fusion of embryologic structures. Here, we report a case of congenital upper lip sinus type I presented as upper vestibular fold abscess in a seven year old boy.
Effect of anatomo-topographic and sonographic Polarity of the thyroid nodules on the thyroid malignancy by evaluating its impression on the relationship between the Bethesda System, TBSRTC, Strain Elastography Score and the thyroid histopathology
Authors: Demet Sengul , Ilker Sengul
Published: March 2019

Background: The goal is to evaluate the association between the topo-sonographic polarity of the thyroid nodules and the thyroid malignancy by analyzing its effect on The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC), score of Strain Elastography (SE) for thyroid as Tsukuba Elasticity Score (TES), and histopathologic assessment. Material and Methods: A preliminary single-center retrospective study was carried out by including the documents of 641 consecutive eligible patients, possessing 770 thyroid nodules which undergone neck ultrasonography (US), Doppler US, SE, and US-guided-fine needle aspiration (FNA) during April 2011 to April 2017. The stiffness had been measured by TES of SE. The ability of the prediction of the malignancy by the polarity of 770 thyroid nodules considering the association between; i) TBSRTC and histopathology and ii) TES and histopathology had been evaluated. Results: Of the 770 thyroid nodules evaluated, 408 (53.0%) were located at the superior pole (Pol 1) while 362 (47.0%) were at the inferior pole (Pol 0) with 0.9046 AUC and 0.8171 AUC for the association between TBSRTC and histopathology and 0.9280 AUC and 0.7888 AUC for the association between TES and histopathology, respectively. However, those difference were not significant for Pol 1, topographically. Conclusion: The topograghic and sonographic polarity of the thyroid nodules may not be useful for estimating the thyroid malignancy by using the association between TBSRTC and histopathology with TES and histopathology. However, the association with Pol 1, the superior thyroid pole, was stronger though the difference was not significant.
Influence of equity sensitivity on cooperation intention
Authors: Park Seung Rib , Suh Young Won
Published: March 2019

An experimental study was conducted to find a possible answer for the inconsistent results of the relationship between the equity sensitivity and organizational citizenship behavior(OCB) in previous studies. Because OCB could be observed only in organizational context, cooperation intention, as a dependent variable, was used for the experiment. The data of 89 students, obtained by the experiment, were used for the analysis. The results showed that benevolents, who were highly cooperative, decreased the cooperation intention when others competed. In addition, even though we did not develop specific hypotheses, by using an survey gauging competition orientation, choice autonomy, egocentrism, fairness perception, rationality and justification on cooperation/competition of other, the differences between benevolents and entitileds, in terms of their attitudes and perception, were investigated. Based on the results, the psychological process of changing cooperation intention and future research were discussed.
Effects of grit on organizational citizenship behavior
Authors: Lee Yoo Jin , Shin Yonghwan , Park Jiyoung , Sohn Young Woo
Published: March 2019

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of grit at work. Especially, this study investigated the effects of grit, known as a personal success factor, on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) which is voluntary behavior for the organization and colleagues. In addition, we focused on the mediation effect of job positive affect and occupational self-efficacy on the relationship between grit and OCB. Results from an online survey undertaken with Korean workers showed that grit had a positive effect on OCB when conscientiousness was controlled for. Moreover, job positive affect mediated the relationship between grit and OCB. On the other hand, occupational self-efficacy did not mediate the relationship. We discussed the implications of these results, study limitations, and practical suggestions for future research.