bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of No‐Till Practice on Runoff and Nonpoint Source Pollution from an Intensively Farmed Field in Korea
Authors: Choi Yonghun , Won Chulhee , Shin Minhwan , Park Woonji , Lee Suin , Shin Yongchul , Shin Jaeyoung
Published: October 2016

A 2‐year runoff plot study was conducted under simulated rainfall to explore the effects of no‐till (NT) practice on the runoff ratio and NPS pollution in an intensive farming region of Korea. Eight 5 × 30 m runoff plots, four each on 3 and 8% slopes, were prepared in existing loamy sand fields. Cultivation in two plots on each slope followed conventional practice (CT). Six rainfall simulations were conducted during the study, each of a nominal 1 h duration and 30 mm h‐1 intensity. The runoff ratio of the NT plots decreased 64.9% compared with that of the CT plots. The reduction of NPS pollution load by the NT treatment was 88.3% (SS), 79.0% (CODCr), 86.4% (CODMn), 66.4% (BOD), 67.6% (TN) and 73.6% (TP) compared to losses from the CT plots, with no reduction in average crop yield. Runoff reduction was a key factor in the reduction of pollution loads. The study demonstrated that agricultural NPS pollution loads can be significantly reduced by the application of no‐till practice without harming crop productivity. Furthermore, NPS pollution loads can be controlled better if management practices are targeted for runoff reduction rather than concentration reduction. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of the good behavior game across classroom contexts
Authors: Pennington Brittany , McComas Jennifer J.
Published: October 2016

The Good Behavior Game (GBG), a well‐researched classroom group contingency, is typically played for brief periods of time, which raises questions about the effects on subsequent contexts. This study used a multiple baseline design and showed that when the GBG was implemented in one context, behavior improved in only that context. Behavior improved in the subsequent activity only when the GBG was implemented.
Comparison of the local pulmonary distribution of nanoparticles administered intratracheally to rats via gavage needle or microsprayer delivery devices
Authors: Zhang Guihua , Shinohara Naohide , Oshima Yutaka , Kobayashi Toshio , Imatanaka Nobuya , Kawaguchi Kenji , Gamo Masashi
Published: October 2016

Intratracheal administration methods are used to conduct toxicological assessments of inhaled nanoparticles (NPs), and gavage needles or microsprayers are common intratracheal delivery devices. The NP suspension is delivered in a liquid state via gavage needle and as a liquid aerosol via microsprayer. The differences in local pulmonary NP distribution (called the microdistribution) arising from the different states of the NP suspension cause differential pulmonary responses; however, this has yet to be investigated. Herein, using microbeam X‐ray fluorescence microscopy, we quantitatively evaluated the TiO2 pulmonary microdistribution (per mesh: 100 μm × 100 μm) in lung sections from rats administered an intratracheal dose of TiO2 NPs (6 mg kg−1) via gavage needle or microsprayer. The results revealed that: (i) using a microsprayer appears to reduce the variations in TiO2 content (ng mesh−1) among rats (e.g., coefficients of variation, n = 3, microsprayer vs gavage needle: 13% vs 30%, for the entire lungs); (ii) TiO2 appears to be deposited less in the right middle lobes than in the rest of the lung lobes, irrespective of the chosen intratracheal delivery device; and (iii) similar TiO2 contents (ng mesh−1) and frequencies are deposited in the lung lobes of rats administered TiO2 NPs via gavage needle or microsprayer. This suggests that the physical state of the administered NP suspension does not markedly alter TiO2 pulmonary microdistribution. The results of this investigation are important for the standardization of intratracheal administration methods. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of electroactive nanofibers based on thermoplastic polyurethane and poly(o‐ethoxyaniline) for biological applications
Authors: Cruz Karina Ferreira Noronha , Formaggio Daniela Maria Ducatti , Tada Dayane Batista , Cristovan Fernando Henrique , Guerrini Lilia Müller
Published: October 2016

Electroactive nanofibers based on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and poly(alkoxy anilines) produced by electrospinning has been explored for biomaterials applications. The thermoplastic polyurethane is a biocompatible polymer with good mechanical properties. The production of TPU nanofibers requires the application of high voltage during electrospinning in order to prepare uniform mats due to its weak ability to elongate during the process. To overcome this limitation, a conductive polymer can be incorporated to the process, allowing generates mats without defects. In this study, poly(o‐ethoxyaniline) POEA doped with dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) was blended with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) by solution method. Films were produced by casting and nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning. The effect of the POEA on morphology, distribution of diameter and cell viability of the nanofibers was evaluated. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of POEA in TPU provided to the mats a suitable morphology for cellular growth. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 601–607, 2017.
In vivo cytochrome P450 activity alterations in diabetic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis mice
Authors: Li Hui , Clarke John D. , Dzierlenga Anika L. , Bear John , Goedken Michael J. , Cherrington Nathan J.
Published: October 2016

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has been identified as a source of significant interindividual variation in drug metabolism. A previous ex vivo study demonstrated significant changes in hepatic Cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity in human NASH. This study evaluated the in vivo activities of multiple CYP isoforms simultaneously in prominent diabetic NASH mouse models. The pharmacokinetics of CYP selective substrates: caffeine, losartan, and omeprazole changed significantly in a diabetic NASH mouse model, indicating attenuation of the activity of Cyp1a2 and Cyp2c29, respectively. Decreased mRNA expression of Cyp1a2 and Cyp2c29, as well as an overall decrease in CYP protein expression, was found in the diabetic NASH mice. Overall, these data suggest that the diabetic NASH model only partially recapitulates the human ex vivo CYP alteration pattern. Therefore, in vivo determination of the effects of NASH on CYP activity should be conducted in human, and more appropriate models are required for future drug metabolism studies in NASH.
Osteoclast Fusion: Time‐Lapse Reveals Involvement of CD47 and Syncytin‐1 at Different Stages of Nuclearity
Authors: Møller Anaïs Marie Julie , Delaissé Jean‐Marie , Søe Kent
Published: October 2016

Investigations addressing the molecular keys of osteoclast fusion are primarily based on end‐point analyses. No matter if investigations are performed in vivo or in vitro the impact of a given factor is predominantly analyzed by counting the number of multi‐nucleated cells, the number of nuclei per multinucleated cell or TRAcP activity. But end‐point analyses do not show how the fusion came about. This would not be a problem if fusion of osteoclasts was a random process and occurred by the same molecular mechanism from beginning to end. However, we and others have in the recent period published data suggesting that fusion partners may specifically select each other and that heterogeneity between the partners seems to play a role. Therefore, we set out to directly test the hypothesis that fusion factors have a heterogenic involvement at different stages of nuclearity. Therefore, we have analyzed individual fusion events using time‐lapse and antagonists of CD47 and syncytin‐1. All time‐lapse recordings have been studied by two independent observers. A total of 1808 fusion events were analyzed. The present study shows that CD47 and syncytin‐1 have different roles in osteoclast fusion depending on the nuclearity of fusion partners. While CD47 promotes cell fusions involving mono‐nucleated pre‐osteoclasts, syncytin‐1 promotes fusion of two multi‐nucleated osteoclasts, but also reduces the number of fusions between mono‐nucleated pre‐osteoclasts. Furthermore, CD47 seems to mediate fusion mostly through broad contact surfaces between the partners’ cell membrane while syncytin‐1 mediate fusion through phagocytic‐cup like structure. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1396–1403, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dendritic Cell‐Specific Transmembrane Protein (DC‐STAMP) Regulates Osteoclast Differentiation via the Ca2+/NFATc1 Axis
Authors: Chiu Ya‐Hui , Schwarz Edward , Li Dongge , Xu Yuexin , Sheu Tzong‐Ren , Li Jinbo , de Mesy Bentley Karen L. , Feng Changyong , Wang Baoli , Wang Jhih‐Cheng , Albertorio‐Saez Liz , Wood Ronald , Kim Minsoo , Wang Wensheng , Ritchlin Christopher T.
Published: October 2016

DC‐STAMP is a multi‐pass transmembrane protein essential for cell–cell fusion between osteoclast precursors during osteoclast (OC) development. DC‐STAMP−/− mice have mild osteopetrosis and form mononuclear cells with limited resorption capacity. The identification of an Immunoreceptor Tyrosine‐based Inhibitory Motif (ITIM) on the cytoplasmic tail of DC‐STAMP suggested a potential signaling function. The absence of a known DC‐STAMP ligand, however, has hindered the elucidation of downstream signaling pathways. To address this problem, we engineered a light‐activatable DC‐STAMP chimeric molecule in which light exposure mimics ligand engagement that can be traced by downstream Ca2+ signaling. Deletion of the cytoplasmic ITIM resulted in a significant elevation in the amplitude and duration of intracellular Ca2+ flux. Decreased NFATc1 expression in DC‐STAMP−/− cells was restored by DC‐STAMP over‐expression. Multiple biological phenotypes including cell–cell fusion, bone erosion, cell mobility, DC‐STAMP cell surface distribution, and NFATc1 nuclear translocation were altered by deletion of the ITIM and adjacent amino acids. In contrast, mutations on each of the tyrosine residues surrounding the ITIM showed no effect on DC‐STAMP function. Collectively, our results suggest that the ITIM on DC‐STAMP is a functional motif that regulates osteoclast differentiation through the NFATc1/Ca2+ axis. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2538–2549, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nuclear Localization of Diacylglycerol Kinase Alpha in K562 Cells Is Involved in Cell Cycle Progression
Authors: Poli Alessandro , Fiume Roberta , Baldanzi Gianluca , Capello Daniela , Ratti Stefano , Gesi Marco , Manzoli Lucia , Graziani Andrea , Suh Pann‐Ghill , Cocco Lucio , Follo Matilde Y.
Published: October 2016

Phosphatidylinositol (PI) signaling is an essential regulator of cell motility and proliferation. A portion of PI metabolism and signaling takes place in the nuclear compartment of eukaryotic cells, where an array of kinases and phosphatases localize and modulate PI. Among these, Diacylglycerol Kinases (DGKs) are a class of phosphotransferases that phosphorylate diacylglycerol and induce the synthesis of phosphatidic acid. Nuclear DGKalpha modulates cell cycle progression, and its activity or expression can lead to changes in the phosphorylated status of the Retinoblastoma protein, thus, impairing G1/S transition and, subsequently, inducing cell cycle arrest, which is often uncoupled with apoptosis or autophagy induction. Here we report for the first time not only that the DGKalpha isoform is highly expressed in the nuclei of human erythroleukemia cell line K562, but also that its nuclear activity drives K562 cells through the G1/S transition during cell cycle progression. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2550–2557, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New Roles of Lkb1 in Regulating Adipose Tissue Development and Thermogenesis
Authors: Xu Ziye , Liu Jiaqi , Shan Tizhong
Published: October 2016

Adipose tissues regulate energy metabolism and reproduction. There are three types of adipocytes (brown, white, and beige adipocytes) in mammals. White adipocytes store energy and are closely associated with obesity and other metabolic diseases. The beige and brown adipocytes have numerous mitochondria and high levels of UCP1 that dissipates lipid to generate heat and defend against obesity. The global epidemic of obesity and its associated metabolic diseases urge an imperative need for understating the regulation of adipogenesis. Liver kinase B1 (Lkb1), also called STK11, is a master kinase of the AMPK subfamily and plays crucial roles in regulating glucose and energy homeostasis in various metabolic tissues. In this review, we focus on the regulatory roles of Lkb1 in regulating preadipocyte differentiation, adipose tissue development, and thermogenesis. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2296–2298, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bipartite Intrinsically Knotted Graphs with 22 Edges
Authors: Kim Hyoungjun , Mattman Thomas , Oh Seungsang
Published: October 2016

A graph is intrinsically knotted if every embedding contains a nontrivially knotted cycle. It is known that intrinsically knotted graphs have at least 21 edges and that the KS graphs, K7 and the 13 graphs obtained from K7 by moves, are the only minor minimal intrinsically knotted graphs with 21 edges [1, 9, 11, 12]. This set includes exactly one bipartite graph, the Heawood graph. In this article we classify the intrinsically knotted bipartite graphs with at most 22 edges. Previously known examples of intrinsically knotted graphs of size 22 were those with KS graph minor and the 168 graphs in the K3, 3, 1, 1 and families. Among these, the only bipartite example with no Heawood subgraph is Cousin 110 of the family. We show that, in fact, this is a complete listing. That is, there are exactly two graphs of size at most 22 that are minor minimal bipartite intrinsically knotted: the Heawood graph and Cousin 110.
Histological validation of cardiac magnetic resonance T1 mapping for detecting diffuse myocardial fibrosis in diabetic rabbits
Authors: Zeng Mu , Zhang Nan , He Yi , Wen Zhaoying , Wang Zhanhong , Zhao Yike , Greiser Andreas , An Jing , Zhang Tianjing , Jing Bin , Zhang Xin , Fan Zhanming , Li Debiao
Published: October 2016

Purpose

To pathologically verify the correlation between native T1 mapping, postcontrast T1 mapping, and extracellular volume fraction (ECV) and myocardial diffuse fibrosis, as determined by collagen volume fraction (CVF).

Materials and Methods

Thirty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into the control group (n = 6), diabetes 3 months group (n = 8), diabetes 6 months group (n = 8), and diabetes 9 months group (n = 8). All the rabbits underwent clinical 3.0T magnetic resonance (MR) examinations with pre‐ and postcontrast modified Look–Locker inversion recovery T1 mapping. For the histological study, each rabbit was sacrificed after MR scanning, hematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining of the left ventricular myocardium were performed, and CVF was calculated. Pre‐ and postcontrast T1 values and ECV were compared to CVF using Pearson's correlation coefficients.

Results

Two rabbits died in each diabetes group, thus each group included six rabbits. ECV calculated from pre‐ and postcontrast T1 values showed a very strong correlation with CVF (r = 0.876, P < 0.001), whereas postcontrast T1 values exhibited a moderate correlation with CVF (r = –0.564, P = 0.004). In contrast, precontrast T1 values showed no correlation with CVF (r = 0.311, P = 0.139).

Conclusion

ECV has a very strong correlation with pathological CVF, and can be used to assess the degree of diffuse myocardial fibrosis better than the postcontrast T1 value. Precontrast T1 value has no significant correlation with diffuse myocardial fibrosis. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:1179–1185.
Observational study on the safety profile of gadoterate meglumine in 35,499 patients: The SECURE study
Authors: Soyer Philippe , Dohan Anthony , Patkar Deepak , Gottschalk Andreas
Published: October 2016

Purpose

To investigate the safety of gadoterate meglumine and identify the incidence of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF).

Materials and Methods

An international prospective observational study was conducted from November 2008 to June 2013. A total of 35,499 adults and children who were scheduled to undergo contrast‐enhanced MRI using gadoterate meglumine were analyzed (female, 53.1%; mean age: 49.5 years; range: 0‐98 years). At least 3‐month follow‐up was planned for patients with an estimated creatinine clearance or glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min (/1.73 m2) to detect any suspicion or occurrence of NSF. Adverse events (AEs) were prospectively recorded. Demographic data, risk factors, indications for MRI examinations, characteristics of gadoterate meglumine administration, and efficacy were documented.

Results

MRI examinations were mainly for central nervous system (61%). The most frequent risk factor was renal insufficiency (14.7%). Seventy AEs were observed in 44 patients (0.12%). Among the 70 AEs, 38 in 32 patients (0.09% of all patients) were considered related to gadoterate meglumine and classified as adverse drug reaction (ADR).The most frequent ADRs were urticaria (9 patients, 0.03%), nausea (7 patients, 0.02%), and vomiting (4 patients, 0.01%). Within the pediatric population (1,629 patients), only one AE (vomiting) was observed. Nine adult patients (0.03%) experienced serious AEs. Moderate to severe renal insufficiency at inclusion was reported in 514 patients (1.5%). Among them, 476 (92.6%) were followed‐up. No patients were suspected of having NSF and no cases of NSF were observed.

Conclusion

Our study confirms the excellent safety profile of gadoterate meglumine in routine practice.

Level of Evidence: 1

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:988–997
Washout appearance in Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MR imaging: A differentiating feature between hepatocellular carcinoma with paradoxical uptake on the hepatobiliary phase and focal nodular hyperplasia‐like nodules
Authors: Kim Jeong Woo , Lee Chang Hee , Kim Soo Byn , Park Bit Na , Park Yang Shin , Lee Jongmee , Park Cheol Min
Published: October 2016

Purpose

To identify the most reliable imaging features for differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma with paradoxical uptake on the hepatobiliary phase (HCCpara) from focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH)‐like nodules using Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MRI.

Materials and Methods

This was a retrospective study. Twenty patients with HCCpara and 21 patients with FNH‐like nodules were included. The following MRI features were evaluated using 3.0 Tesla unit by two radiologists: signal intensity (SI) on T1‐, T2‐, and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), arterial enhancement pattern, washout appearance on the portal venous phase (PVP) and/or transitional phase (TP), uptake pattern on the hepatobiliary phase (HBP), “T2 scar,” “EOB scar,” and chemical shift on in‐ and out‐of‐phase images. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess MRI features for prediction of HCCpara.

Results

Compared with FNH‐like nodules, HCCpara had significantly more frequent heterogeneous T1 SI (P < 0.0001), T2 hyperintensity (P = 0.032), heterogeneous arterial enhancement (P < 0.0001), washout appearance on the PVP and/or TP (P < 0.0001), heterogeneous uptake on the HBP (P < 0.0001), absence of “EOB scar” (P < 0.0001), and hyperintensity on DWI (P = 0.004). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed washout appearance as the only independent imaging feature associated with HCCpara (odds ratio, 7.019; P = 0.042). Washout appearance also showed the best diagnostic performance with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 100%.

Conclusion

Washout appearance on the PVP and/or TP is the most reliable imaging feature for differentiating HCCpara from FNH‐like nodules.

Level of Evidence: 3

J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;45:1599–1608
Use of T1ρMR imaging in Sjögren's syndrome with normal appearing parotid glands: Initial findings
Authors: Chu Chen , Zhou Nan , Zhang Huayong , Dou Xin , Li Ming , Liu Song , Zhu Yun , Chen Weibo , Chan Queenie , He Jian , Sun Lingyun , Zhou Zhengyang
Published: October 2016

Purpose

To explore the feasibility of parotid spin‐lattice relaxation time in the rotating frame (T1ρ) MR imaging in the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) without morphological changes of the parotid glands.

Materials and Methods

The study enrolled 32 consecutive SS patients without morphological changes of parotid glands and 32 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy volunteers who underwent parotid 3.0 Tesla MR imaging, including T1ρ sequences. Follow‐up imaging was performed at 3 months. T1 signal intensities and T1ρ values of bilateral parotid glands were compared using paired samples t‐test. Parotid T1 signal intensities and T1ρ values were compared using two independent samples t‐test. Diagnostic performance of the parotid T1ρ values was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analysis. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to evaluate the reproducibility of parotid T1ρ measurements.

Results

There were no significant differences of T1 signal intensities and T1ρ values between bilateral parotid glands in SS patients and healthy volunteers (P = 0.170, 0.886 and 0.942, 0.229). The parotid T1ρ values of SS patients (96.47 ± 15.38 ms) were significantly higher than those of healthy volunteers (84.25 ± 6.11 ms) (P < 0.001), while there were no significant differences of T1 signal intensities between SS patients and healthy volunteers (P = 0.655). With a cutoff value of 88.02 ms, the sensitivity and specificity of the parotid T1ρ value was 75.0% and 100.0% in the diagnosis of SS. The reproducibility of parotid T1ρ measurement was excellent (ICC: 0.934−0.995).

Conclusion

Parotid T1ρ MR imaging held a potential role in diagnosing SS without morphological changes of parotid glands.

Level of Evidence: 2

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:1005–1012
Knee imaging: Rapid three‐dimensional fast spin‐echo using compressed sensing
Authors: Kijowski Richard , Rosas Humberto , Samsonov Alexey , King Kevin , Peters Rob , Liu Fang
Published: October 2016

Purpose

To investigate the feasibility of using compressed sensing (CS) to accelerate three‐dimensional fast spin‐echo (3D‐FSE) imaging of the knee.

Materials and Methods

A 3D‐FSE sequence was performed at 3T with CS (CUBE‐CS with 3:16‐minute scan time) and without CS (CUBE with 4:44‐minute scan time) twice on the knees of 10 healthy volunteers to assess signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) using the addition‐subtraction method and once on the knees of 50 symptomatic patients to assess diagnostic performance. SNR of cartilage, muscle, synovial fluid, and bone marrow on CUBE and CUBE‐CS images were measured in the 10 healthy volunteers. The CUBE and CUBE‐CS sequences of all 50 symptomatic patients were independently reviewed twice by two musculoskeletal radiologists. The radiologists used CUBE and CUBE‐CS during each individual review to determine the presence or absence of knee joint pathology. Student's t‐tests were used to compare SNR values between sequences, while the kappa statistic was used to determine agreement between sequences for detecting knee joint pathology. Sensitivity and specificity of CUBE and CUBE‐CS for detecting knee joint pathology was also calculated in the 18 symptomatic patients who underwent subsequent arthroscopic knee surgery.

Results

CUBE and CUBE‐CS had similar SNR (P = 0.15–0.67) of cartilage, muscle, synovial fluid, and bone marrow. There was near‐perfect to perfect agreement between CUBE and CUBE‐CS for both radiologists for detecting cartilage and bone marrow edema lesions, medial and lateral meniscus tears, anterior cruciate ligament tears, effusions, and intra‐articular bodies. CUBE and CUBE‐CS had similar sensitivity (75.0–100%) and specificity (87.5–100%) for detecting 60 cartilage lesions, 20 meniscus tears, four anterior cruciate ligament tears, and four intra‐articular bodies confirmed at surgery.

Conclusion

CS provided a 30% reduction in scan time for 3D‐FSE imaging of the knee without a corresponding decrease in SNR or diagnostic performance.

Level of Evidence: 1

J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;45:1712–1722
Fast comprehensive single‐sequence four‐dimensional pediatric knee MRI with T2 shuffling
Authors: Bao Shanshan , Tamir Jonathan I. , Young Jeffrey L. , Tariq Umar , Uecker Martin , Lai Peng , Chen Weitian , Lustig Michael , Vasanawala Shreyas S.
Published: October 2016

Purpose

To develop and clinically evaluate a pediatric knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique based on volumetric fast spin‐echo (3DFSE) and compare its diagnostic performance, image quality, and imaging time to that of a conventional 2D protocol.

Materials and Methods

A 3DFSE sequence was modified and combined with a compressed sensing‐based reconstruction resolving multiple image contrasts, a technique termed T2 Shuffling (T2Sh). With Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval, 28 consecutive children referred for 3T knee MRI prospectively underwent a standard clinical knee protocol followed by T2Sh. T2Sh performance was assessed by two readers blinded to diagnostic reports. Interpretive discrepancies were resolved by medical record chart review and consensus between the readers and an orthopedic surgeon. Image quality was evaluated by rating anatomic delineation, with 95% confidence interval. A Wilcoxon rank‐sum test assessed the null hypothesis that T2Sh structure delineation compared to conventional 2D is unchanged. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated for interobserver agreement. Imaging time of the conventional protocol and T2Sh was compared.

Results

There was 81% and 87% concordance between T2Sh reports and diagnostic reports, respectively, for each reader. Upon consensus review, T2Sh had 93% sensitivity and 100% specificity compared to clinical reports for detection of clinically relevant findings. The 95% confidence interval of diagnostic or better rating was 95–100%, with 34–80% interobserver agreement. There was no significant difference in structure delineation between T2Sh and 2D, except for the retinaculum (P < 0.05), where 2D was preferred. Typical imaging time for T2Sh and the conventional exam was 7 and 13 minutes, respectively.

Conclusion

A single‐sequence pediatric knee exam is feasible with T2Sh, providing multiplanar, reformattable 4D images.

Level of Evidence: 2

J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;45:1700–1711
Rapid screening of explosives in ambient environment by aerodynamic assisted thermo desorption mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhao Qiang , Liu Jianli , Wang Bo , Zhang Xiaohua , Huang Guangyan , Xu Wei
Published: October 2016

Rapid, direct, and trace detection of explosives in an open environment is of particular need in homeland and/or transportation security. In this work, an aerodynamic assisted thermo desorption mass spectrometry method was developed for the direct quantitative analyses of explosives from a distance. Remote non‐volatile explosive sensing was achieved for 2, 4, 6‐trinitrotoluene, trinitrohexahydro‐1, 3, 5‐triazine, 8701 (main ingredient: RDX 98.5%), and C4 (a type of plastic explosive) with a distance of 0.65 m. Furthermore, a close to 324 cm2 effective sampling area could be achieved, and the limits of detection are in the ng range. This device can be deployed in airports and subway stations for high‐throughput and automatic luggage/personnel screening of prohibited articles, such as explosives and illicit drugs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Limitations of the hCMEC/D3 cell line as a model for Aβ clearance by the human blood‐brain barrier
Authors: Biemans Elisanne A.L.M. , Jäkel Lieke , de Waal Robert M.W. , Kuiperij H. Bea , Verbeek Marcel M.
Published: October 2016

Alzheimer's disease and cerebral amyloid angiopathy are characterized by accumulation of amyloid‐β (Aβ) at the cerebrovasculature due to decreased clearance at the blood‐brain barrier (BBB). However, the exact mechanism of Aβ clearance across this barrier has not been fully elucidated. The hCMEC/D3 cell line has been characterized as a valid model for the BBB. In this study we evaluated the use of this model to study Aβ clearance across the BBB, with an emphasis on brain‐to‐blood directional permeability. Barrier integrity of hCMEC/D3 monolayers was confirmed for large molecules in both the apical to basolateral and the reverse direction. However, permeability for smaller molecules was substantially higher, especially in basolateral to apical direction, and barrier formation for Aβ was completely absent in this direction. In addition, hCMEC/D3 cells failed to develop a high TEER, possibly caused by incomplete formation of tight junctions. We conclude that the hCMEC/D3 model has several limitations to study the cerebral clearance of Aβ. Therefore, the model needs further characterization before this cell system can be generally applied as a model to study cerebral Aβ clearance. © 2016 The Authors Journal of Neuroscience Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
How negative social interactions at work seep into the home: A prosocial and an antisocial pathway
Authors: Klumb Petra L. , Voelkle Manuel C. , Siegler Sebastian
Published: October 2016

We combined Bakker and Demerouti's spillover–crossover model with Taylor's biobehavioral perspective, tested the comprehensive model, and pursued a set of gender‐related research questions. Negative work interactions were expected to entail two strain responses, high‐ and low‐arousal negative affect. Both should be related to cortisol secretion but transmitted via different social pathways, a positive and a negative one. During a 7‐day ambulatory assessment with 56 couples, we assessed daily variations in the severity of negative social interactions at work and at home along with participants' affect and cortisol levels. Using multilevel structural equation modeling, we found evidence for the three hypothesized processes: strain at work as a consequence of social stress, spillover of strain into the home, and crossover to the partner. On socially more stressful days, participants showed increased high‐ and low‐arousal negative affect at work. Low‐arousal negative affect spilled over into the home. Only for men, high‐arousal negative affect spilled over, and only women showed a tendency for slowed decline of cortisol levels on more socially stressful days (i.e., slower recovery). Surprisingly, high‐arousal negative affect at work tended to be negatively related to partners' high‐arousal negative affect. Commonalities predominated differences between men and women. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inter‐dependency of wave parameters and directional analysis of ocean wind‐wave climate for the Indian Ocean
Authors: Gupta Nitika , Bhaskaran Prasad K.
Published: October 2016

This study investigates inter‐dependency between various wave parameters. It includes the mean wave direction (MWD), swell MWD, wind direction, maximum significant wave height (MSWH), resultant of wind direction and swell MWD, mean wave period (MWP), and peak wave period (PWP) using daily data from altimeter measurements, European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re‐Analysis Interim (ERA‐Interim), and ERA‐20C datasets in a changing climate for the past two decades in Indian Ocean region. It also examined the variability in monthly anomalies using linear circular correlation maps. The analysis used quality checked and well calibrated altimeter data from eight satellite missions for MSWH, and WAM (wave model) output from ERA‐Interim and ERA‐20C datasets for other variables. Spatial variability of correlation coefficient maps explained their inter‐dependency. Directional statistics methods explain the directional wave characteristics. Correlation maps signify that regions over the western sectors of Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal are swell dominant. Over these regions the swell MWD clearly dominated the total MWD (combined effects from wind‐sea and swells). For regions in Arabian Sea, the resultant of wind direction and swell MWD contributed about 91%, whereas contribution from swell MWD alone is about 86%. The variability in monthly anomaly MSWH exhibited a specific pattern that resembles the movement of synoptic systems from Southern Ocean propagating north‐eastwards reaching various destinations in the Bay of Bengal basin, having a strong positive correlation with MWD and swell MWD. Over the tropical South Indian Ocean (TSIO) region, the obtained feature correlates with the surface current pattern of Agulhas retroflection. These patterns are distinctly visible in the correlation maps between MSWH and resultant of wind direction and swell MWD as well wind direction monthly anomaly maps. For the North Indian Ocean an out of phase relation exists between the variability of MWSH with PWP monthly anomalies.
The effects of ENSO‐types and SAM on the large‐scale southern blockings
Authors: Oliveira Flavio N. M. , Ambrizzi Tercio
Published: October 2016

In this observational study, the effects of the two types (Canonical and Modoki) of El Niño – Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Southern Annular Mode (SAM) on the large‐scale southern blockings are investigated using the NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) dataset. The automated 2D blocking index used here removes those structures that do not represent a typical blocking pattern. The daily SAM and monthly ENSO indices are defined when their time coefficient of the empirical orthogonal function is above or below 0.5 and 1.0 standard deviation, respectively. This study indicates that the El Niño Modoki is the most favourable ENSO mechanism for blocking events during the southern cool season. In particular, when El Niño Modoki occurs with positive SAM and/or weak SAM it acts to increase the number of days of blocking over the Southwest Pacific, or when it occurs with the negative SAM acts to maintain the observed number of days of blocking over the Southeast Pacific. Also, increases in the number of days of blocking are found in the warm season over the Southeast Pacific when the canonical El Niño occurs with negative SAM. On the other hand, the long‐term change in the annual number of days of blocking shows a strong (moderate) downward linear trend over the Southwest (Southeast) Pacific, as well as the two types of La Niña, their temporal distribution with a positive SAM appears as the major cause.
Estimated influence of urbanization on surface warming in Eastern China using time‐varying land use data
Authors: Liao Weilin , Wang Dagang , Liu Xiaoping , Wang Guiling , Zhang Jinbao
Published: October 2016

We examine the urban effect on surface warming in Eastern China, where a substantial portion of the land area has undergone rapid urbanization in the last few decades. Daily surface air temperature records during the period 1971–2010 at 277 meteorological stations are used to investigate temperature changes. Owing to urban expansion, some of the stations formerly located in rural areas are becoming increasingly influenced by urban environments. To estimate the effect of this urbanization on observed surface warming, the stations are dynamically classified into urban and rural types based on the land use data for four periods, i.e. 1980, 1990, 2000 and 2010. After eliminating the temperature trend bias induced by time‐varying latitudinal distributions of urban and rural stations, the estimated urban‐induced trends in the daily minimum and mean temperature are 0.167 and 0.085 °C decade−1, accounting for 33.6 and 22.4% of total surface warming, respectively. The temperature difference between urban and rural stations indicates that urban heat island intensity has dramatically increased owing to rapid urbanization, and is highly correlated with the difference in fractional coverage of artificial surfaces between these two types of stations. This study highlights the importance of dynamic station classification in estimating the contribution of urbanization to long‐term surface warming over large areas.
Safety of rapid infusion of iron polymaltose: comparative study in 300 patients
Authors: Chan Patricia T. Y. , Corallo Carmela E. , Dooley Michael J. , Poole Susan G. , Gibson Peter R.
Published: October 2016

Background

Iron polymaltose is the most cost‐effective and convenient intravenous (IV) iron formulation available in Australia for the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in hospital inpatients. However, in the ambulatory setting, the requirement for administration over several hours has been a major limitation. Although there is some data on the safety of using a faster infusion rate, further information was required with respect to the administration of higher doses.

Aim

To compare the incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) due to fast infusion of iron polymaltose with that reported for slow infusion.

Method

The study was carried out in a 500‐bed major tertiary referral teaching hospital in Melbourne, Australia.

A rapid iron polymaltose infusion protocol was implemented, i.e. 75 min for <1500 mg iron and 100 min for ≥1500–2000 mg. Patients who received iron polymaltose as a standard slow infusion served as the control group. Data included: dose of iron; rate of administration and volume of infusion fluid; haemoglobin and iron studies; pre‐medications; and ADRs. Serious ADRs were defined as those leading to treatment discontinuation.

Results

Data were available for 300 patients. The incidence of infusion‐related ADRs was similar for the fast and slow infusions, 18 of 171 (10.5%) and 10 of 132 (7.6%), respectively, p = 0.42. ADRs occurred in 1.8 and 2.3% of cases, for the fast and the slow infusions, respectively, p = 1.

Conclusion

Rapid infusion of IV iron polymaltose for doses up to 2000 mg does not result in any increase in ADRs compared with the standard slow infusion.
Raman spectroscopy of laser shocked polystyrene
Authors: Rastogi Vinay , Chaurasia S. , Rao Usha , Sijoy C. D. , Mishra V. , Kumar Manmohan , Deo M. N. , Chaturvedi S. , Sharma Surinder M.
Published: October 2016

We have carried out Raman spectroscopic measurements on atactic polystyrene (aPS) under shock compression up to 2 GPa. Observed wavenumber shifts of Raman active modes have been used to determine their Grüneisen parameters and bond anharmonicities. Raman mode at 798 cm−1 displays maximum blue shift of 4.95 cm−1/GPa. Our observed wavenumber shifts under shock compression are found to be consistent with the earlier results obtained under hydrostatic pressure. We have also evaluated pressure through 1D radiation hydrodynamic simulations, and the results are found to be in good agreement with the experimental values. The pressure induced wavenumber shifts and line width changes of the present study can be utilized as a gauge for pressure measurement because of laser induced shock front. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recurrent pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland: Institutional experience and review of the literature
Authors: Abu‐Ghanem Yasmin , Mizrachi Aviram , Popovtzer Aron , Abu‐Ghanem Nora , Feinmesser Raphael
Published: October 2016

Background

Recurrent pleomorphic adenoma (PA) of the parotid gland is a challenging surgical issue with controversy regarding management and long term outcome.

Methods

All patients who were operated for recurrent PA of the parotid gland between the years 1991 and 2013 were reviewed. Patient demographics, clinicopathologic variables, and operative details were collected retrospectively.

Results

A total of 22 patients were operated for recurrent PA of the parotid gland. Mean interval between recurrences was 7 and 6 years for first recurrence and second recurrence, accordingly. Second recurrence was significantly influenced by younger age at initial treatment (P = 0.009). Only two patients (9%) with a recurrence developed facial nerve paralysis following surgery. Adjuvant radiotherapy was given to nine patients with no evidence of disease progression or recurrence. There were no cases of malignant transformation.

Conclusions

Recurrent PA of the parotid gland tends to occur in long intervals in a multifocal pattern. Adjuvant radiotherapy could be suggested as an alternative for surgery. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:714–718. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polymer‐based monolithic column with incorporated chiral metal–organic framework for enantioseparation of methyl phenyl sulfoxide using nano‐liquid chromatography
Authors: Wang Xin , Lamprou Alexandros , Svec Frantisek , Bai Yu , Liu Huwei
Published: October 2016

A new approach to the preparation of enantioselective porous polymer monolithic columns with incorporated chiral metal–organic framework for nano‐liquid chromatography has been developed. While no enantioseparation was achieved with monolithic poly(4‐vinylpyridine‐co‐ethylene dimethacrylate) column, excellent separations of both enantiomers of (±)‐methyl phenyl sulfoxide were achieved with its counterpart prepared after admixing metal–organic framework [Zn2(benzene dicarboxylate)(l‐lactic acid)(dmf)], which is synthesized from zinc nitrate, l‐lactic acid, and benzene dicarboxylic acid in the polymerization mixture. These novel monolithic columns combined selectivity of the chiral framework with the excellent hydrodynamic properties of polymer monoliths, may provide a great impact on future studies in the field of chiral analysis by liquid chromatography.
Solid‐phase extraction combined with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the determination of pyrethroid pesticides in wheat and maize samples
Authors: Zhu Xiaodan , Jia Chunhong , Zheng Zuntao , Feng Xiaoyuan , He Yue , Zhao Ercheng
Published: October 2016

A rapid, selective and sensitive sample preparation method based on solid‐phase extraction combined with the dispersive liquid–liquid microextration was developed for the determination of pyrethroid pesticides in wheat and maize samples. Initially, the samples were extracted with acetonitrile and water solution followed phase separation with the salt addition. The following sample preparation involves a solid‐phase extraction and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction step, which effectively provide cleanup and enrichment effects. The main experimental factors affecting the performance both of solid‐phase extraction and dispersive liquid–liquid microextration were investigated. The validation results indicated the suitability of the proposed method for routine analyze of pyrethroid pesticides in wheat and maize samples. The fortified recoveries at three levels ranged between 76.4 and 109.8% with relative standard deviations of less than 10.7%. The limit of quantification of the proposed method was below 0.0125 mg/kg for the pyrethoroid pesticides. The proposed method was successfully used for the rapid determination of pyrethroid residues in real wheat and maize samples from crop field in Beijing, China.
Otoconia and otolithic membrane fragments within the posterior semicircular canal in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Authors: Kao Wee Tin K. , Parnes Lorne S. , Chole Richard A.
Published: October 2016

Objectives/Hypothesis

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common vestibular disorder with an incidence between 10.7 and 17.3 per 100,000 persons per year. The mechanism for BPPV has been postulated to involve displaced otoconia resulting in canalithiasis. Although particulate matter has been observed in the endolymph of affected patients undergoing posterior canal occlusion surgery, an otoconial origin for the disease is still questioned.

Study Design

In this study, particulate matter was extracted from the posterior semicircular canal of two patients and examined with scanning electron microscopy.

Methods

The samples were obtained from two patients intraoperatively during posterior semicircular canal occlusion. The particles were fixed, stored in ethanol, and chemically dehydrated. The samples were sputter coated and viewed under a scanning electron microscope. Digital images were obtained.

Results

Intact and degenerating otoconia with and without linking filaments were found attached to amorphous particulate matter. Many otoconia appeared to be partially embedded in a gel matrix, presumably that which encases and anchors the otoconia within the otolith membrane, whereas others stood alone with no attached filaments and matrix. The otoconia measured roughly 2 to 8 μm in length and displayed a uniform outer shape with a cylindrical bulbous body and a 3 + 3 rhombohedral plane at each end.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that the source of the particulate matter in the semicircular canals of patients with BPPV is broken off fragments of the utricular otolithic membrane with attached and detached otoconia.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 127:709–714, 2017
Why marriage matters: A North American perspective on press/library partnerships
Authors: Watkinson Charles
Published: October 2016

Key points

Around 30% of campus‐based members of the Association of American University Presses now report to libraries, more than double the number 5 years ago.

Beyond reporting relationships, physical collocation and joint strategic planning characterize the most integrated press/library partnerships.

The main mutual advantages of deep press/library collaboration are economic efficiency, greater relevance to parent institutions, and an increased capacity to engage with the changing needs of authors in the digital age.

There is emerging interest in collaboration at scale among libraries and presses that may extend the impact of press/library collaboration beyond single institutions.
Vision, mission, passion, and luck: The creation of a university press
Authors: Shaw Alison
Published: October 2016

Key points

Clarity of vision, mission and values are core to a publishing venture's successful development.

Serving a niche community is a privilege as strong, knowledgable and authentic relationships grow across staff, authors, readers and customers.

Developing leadership, management and people skills is as important as supporting publishing skills as a company grows.
Enzyme level N and O isotope effects of assimilatory and dissimilatory nitrate reduction
Authors: Treibergs Lija A. , Granger Julie
Published: October 2016

To provide mechanistic constraints to interpret nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) isotope ratios of nitrate (
), 15N/14N and 18O/16O, in the environment, we measured the enzymatic
N and O isotope effects (15ε and 18ε) during its reduction by
reductase enzymes, including (1) a prokaryotic respiratory
reductase, Nar, from the heterotrophic denitrifier Paracoccus denitrificans, (2) eukaryotic assimilatory
reductases, eukNR, from Pichia angusta and from Arabidopsis thaliana, and (3) a prokaryotic periplasmic
reductase, Nap, from the photoheterotroph Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Enzymatic Nar and eukNR assays with artificial viologen electron donors yielded identical 18ε and 15ε of ∼28‰, regardless of [
] or assay temperature, suggesting analogous kinetic mechanisms with viologen reductants. Nar assays fuelled with the physiological reductant hydroquinone (HQ) also yielded 18ε ≈ 15ε, but variable amplitudes from 21‰ to 33.0‰ in association with [
], suggesting analogous substrate sensitivity in vivo. Nap assays fuelled by viologen revealed 18ε:15ε of 0.50, where 18ε ≈ 19‰ and 15ε ≈ 38‰, indicating a distinct catalytic mechanism than Nar and eukNR. Nap isotope effects measured in vivo showed a similar 18ε:15ε of 0.57, but reduced 18ε ≈ 11‰ and 15ε ≈ 19‰. Together, the results confirm identical enzymatic 18ε and 15ε during
assimilation and denitrification, reinforcing the reliability of this benchmark to identify
consumption in the environment. However, the amplitude of enzymatic isotope effects is apt to vary in vivo. The distinctive signature of Nap is of interest for deciphering catalytic mechanisms but may be negligible in most environments given its physiological role.