bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Concordance of MRSA Carriage Screening With MRSA Infections
Authors: Mannheim Jonathan , Kumar Madan , Bhagat Palak H. , Nelson Allison
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVES

This study focused on children with confirmed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections to determine MRSA screening utility in guiding empirical anti-MRSA treatment of children without history of MRSA infection. We examined the concordance of screens to assess differences by infection type and used statistical analysis to determine significant contributors to concordance.

METHODS

Pediatric hospital patients admitted from 2002 through 2022 were included. Subjects had MRSA infections subsequent to MRSA surveillance screens performed the preceding year. Statistical analysis identified associations between MRSA screens and infections. Number needed to treat analysis calculated the utility of rescreening.

RESULTS

Among 246 subjects, 39.0% had concordant screens; 151 (61.4%) screens were obtained in the 2 weeks preceding infection. Sensitivity for bacteremia was 50.0% (n = 42), for endotracheal/respiratory 44.4% (n = 81), and 29.4% (n = 102) for skin and soft-tissue infection. For children aged younger than 6 months, sensitivity was 35.9% (n = 78). Multivariable analysis significantly associated days since screening with decreasing likelihood of concordance. Regression modeled the probability of concordance to drop below 50.0% for all infections after 4 days, after 6 days for bacteremia specifically, and 12 days for endotracheal/respiratory infections.

CONCLUSIONS

The concordance of screens was far lower than negative predictive values found previously; earlier studies were possibly impacted by low prevalence and exclusion of children at high risk to inform high negative predictive values. We suggest that negative MRSA screens should not invalidate reasonable suspicion for MRSA infection in patients with high pretest probabilities.
Margaret Cavendish acerca del escepticismo, los sueños y la fantasía (fancy)
Authors: Manzo Silvia
Published: January 2024

Este artículo analiza la posición de Margaret Cavendish sobre la realidad y la ficción en los sueños y su papel dentro del escepticismo moderado de su filosofía. Cavendish sostiene que no hay distinción entre las representaciones que se tienen en los sueños y en la vigilia, no considera que la diferencia entre la realidad y la ficción sea tajante o relevante; de modo que, si bien promueve un discurso filosófico que articula la razón que busca conocer la realidad y la fantasía (fancy) que construye ficciones, considera que solo las fantasías poéticas “elevadas” son competentes para la con-strucción de este discurso.
Escepticismo y facciones políticas en los ensayos de David Hume
Authors: Santos Castro Juan Samuel
Published: January 2024

Este trabajo examina algunos ensayos políticos de David Hume para sostener que su estrategia escéptica de moderación de las facciones políticas no consiste solamente en el examen de los argumentos, de estas sino también en el despliegue de maniobras retóricas distintivamente escépticas. Con ellas, logra exponer los intereses reales que originan las posiciones partidistas y disolver las doctrinas mediante las cuales las facciones atraen a sus seguidores. La estrategia constituye una forma de acción política comprometida que se apoya en su ciencia de la naturaleza humana.
¿Puede ser moral la crueldad revolucionaria? Los dilemas éticos del terrorismo frente a la tiranía: de Aristóteles a Malatesta
Authors: León González Adolfo
Published: January 2024

Este artículo presenta una revisión crítica de los conceptos fundamentales sobre el tiranicidio –especialmente el recurso al terror de la tiranía–, retomados de fuentes clásicas y medievales por apologistas modernos de la violencia y que han servido históricamente para justificar la crueldad asociada a la praxis revolucionaria. En él se argumenta la inutilidad de los principios de proporcionalidad y de reciprocidad a la hora de establecer límites morales a la crueldad. Igualmente, se demuestra cómo el concepto de crueldad necesaria no alcanza a resolver las contradicciones éticas del uso del terror entre los teóricos modernos de la violencia política.
Examining everyday discourses of Black Lives Matter Oklahoma City
Authors: Biwa Valerie , O'Neill Sean P.
Published: January 2024

This ethnography of communication invokes the principle of dialogism from the Bakhtinian framework of discourse analysis and employs digital ethnography to examine the everyday discourses of the BLM Oklahoma City Chapter (BLM OKC). A total of 163 Facebook posts, informal interviews and two formal interviews of the chapter were collected and analysed. The analysis revealed that the discourses of BLM OKC on the local level align with the global level, that BLM OKC employs framing to facilitate sensemaking of the black experience – effectively challenging popular discourses in a way that frames and (re)frames the received chronotopes and origin myths of mainstream society. These findings in relation to police brutality and killings, race and discourse of nostalgia are discussed.
The language that unites us is the one that also separates us
Authors: Iorio Juliana , Gaspar Sofia
Published: January 2024

This paper analyses whether the Portuguese language spoken by young people from the Community of Portuguese-speaking Countries in Portugal involves dimensions of social inclusion or exclusion. It employs an interdisciplinary approach (with concepts from sociology and linguistics), and a qualitative methodology in the shape of thirty-three interviews with young people from Brazil and Portuguese-speaking countries in Africa living in the Portuguese municipality of Sintra. While ‘speaking Portuguese’ facilitates the integration of these young people, their inclusion is also hindered by the coexistence of this language with other native languages in the case of Africans, and by the use of standard Brazilian Portuguese in the case of Brazilians.
‘Where are you from?’ and ‘foreigners’
Authors: Kebabi Amina
Published: January 2024

This paper discusses the discursive ways in which a group of well-established academics living in the UK construct their sense of identity in their personal everyday lives-outside the context of academia, by projecting their self-perception vis-à-vis how they believe they are perceived by ‘the white perceiving subject’ (Rosa and Flores 2017). While race and accent are the lens through which these academics believe are perceived whereby, they are labelled ‘foreigners’ and questioned about who they are through what can be described as a politically loaded question of ‘where are you from?’, they resist being framed within these categories. This is by labelling themselves differently in ways which defy identity ascription and assert their own sense of identity. This paper reveals that experiences of exclusion and discrimination permeate the lives of these professionals who are ascribed identities based on perceptions of how they look and sound.
Deconstructing men's rights activism
Authors: Scotto di Carlo Giuseppina
Published: January 2024

This work examines the attitudes of men's rights activists (MRAs) towards Rape Culture (RC), a term describing a social environment in which sexual misconduct is trivialised, normalised, and justified. By performing a discourse and thematic analysis of a corpus of threads from MRA forums, the study aims to determine whether their representation of RC amounts to a form of collective D.A.R.V.O., a tactic used to delegitimise a phenomenon by denying its existence, attacking its advocates, and reversing the roles of victims and perpetrators. The analysis reveals that MRAs’ representation of RC arises from a reductionist definition of the term, which limits its interpretation to actual rapes and denies it as a socio-culturally ingrained phenomenon. This narrow definition hinders progress in addressing all forms of gender-based violence, harming men and women alike. The study concludes that a broader understanding of RC is necessary to combat its effects and improve gender relations.
The south in the north
Authors: Yeshalem Abraham Degu , Milani Tommaso M. , Rydenvald Marie
Published: January 2024

Recently, it has been suggested that the study of family multilingualism could benefit from serious engagement with current discussions about southern and decolonial theories. Against this backdrop, this article draws upon raciolinguistics to investigate whether, and if so how, racialized ideologies of language have been internalized by family members of Ethiopian descent in Sweden in relation to their perceptions of their multilingual repertoire and practices. Specifically, this study examines how speaking accented Swedish and multilingual suburban slang is perceived, valued, and experienced by family members in the home. To this end, the study draws on multimodal research data obtained from three multilingual Ethiopian families living in Sweden. The findings show that racialized ideologies of language have been internalized, inhabited and enacted by family members, as revealed through raciolinguistic policing of what are perceived as immigrant Swedish accents and multilingual suburban slang. Consequently, this study illustrates the complexities and double binds that participating families experience, being caught between raciolinguistic ideologies that devalue speaking other than the idealized standard Swedish on the one hand, and attempts to maintain Amharic on the other. The ambivalences experienced by these families have implications for family multilingualism research on pockets of the south in the north.
Resisting the coloniality of language through languaging and making of a multilingual ikhaya in South Africa
Authors: Molate Babalwayashe , McKinney Carolyn
Published: January 2024

Multilingualism as a consequence of transnational mobility and migration is prominent in studies of language socialization and family multilingualism in the Global North. While mobility within and between the various regions in South Africa sustains multilingualism and aligns with the global dynamic of mobility, Indigenous multilingualism is inherently the norm. The officiation of 11 named languages positions the country as linguistically diverse. However, dominant ideologies from the coloniality of language continue to reinforce the power of colonial languages while African languages used by numerical majorities remain marginalized, especially in high-status domains such as education. In this article, we present ethnographic data from a case study of a Xhosa multilingual family traversing between their urban (township) homes and the main family homestead in a rural setting. The family includes a child who attends a suburban historically whites-only English medium school. Reflecting on the non-hierarchical use of languages within their homes, or their languaging, we show how they use their linguistic/semiotic and spatial repertoires to make family as well as to resist the hierarchical positioning of the colonial languages, English and Afrikaans, above isiXhosa (prefix isi- indicates the language of Xhosa people) at school. Informed by Siqwana-Ndulo’s (1998) challenge to the Western idea of the nuclear family, our analysis demonstrates how family is distributed across kinship ties and households. We introduce the notion of ikhaya – the isiXhosa word for both family and home (see Molate, forthcoming) – as a useful southern concept for accounting for the expansive nature of family kinship systems in African families.
Kshetra and the nurturing of a plurilingual ethos
Authors: Menezes de Souza Lynn Mario
Published: January 2024

This article discusses a family’s plurilingualism from a southern and decolonial lens, looking at the role of language ideologies in its plurilingual practices. It focuses on the concept of space as kshetra and its accompanying plurilingual ethos, originating in the Asian origins of the family. The overarching claim is that by holding on to its legacy of a plurilingual ethos, the family has maintained its ever-changing plurilingualism over three generations by navigating a tension or duality between an out-group assimilation to the prevalent monolingualism that it encounters outside the home in its transcontinental migrations and an in-group maintenance of plurilingualism within the kshetra of the family. The article concludes that it appears to be the ethical attitude to linguistic and cultural heterogeneity, rather than the actual use or maintenance of a specific heritage language, that is of more value to transnational and transgenerational plurilingual families.
(Nanny) State as family by proxy
Authors: Lomeu Gomes Rafael , Lanza Elizabeth , Athari Zahir
Published: January 2024

In this article, we extend the boundaries of research on family language policy (FLP) by addressing the situation that occurs when the State takes over the care of unaccompanied minor refugees and asylum-seekers, thereby assuming by proxy the responsibilities normally assigned to families. We analyse media discourses involving unaccompanied minors (UMs) in Norway, a Scandinavian country perceived as having liberal policies, in a corpus of 30 articles published between 2016 and 2017, a significant period of immigration in a European context. Our analysis reveals a polarized debate around these children, often termed anchor children, who allegedly aim for future biological family reunification. Assuming the family role as proxy, Norway is referred to as a Nanny State, making decisions for the UMs regarding their well-being, education and language learning. Engaging with recent calls for decolonizing and southernizing critical discourse studies (CDS), we anchor our analysis onto decoloniality. We argue that this epistemological move allows us to identify opposing understandings of culture undergirding two competing sides in debates about UMs in Norway. The study has both theoretical and methodological implications for future conceptualizations of the family in FLP research.
Decolonizing family language policy, or reimagining family multilingualism as an inclusive field
Authors: Léglise Isabelle
Published: January 2024

As a commentary to a special issue dedicated to multilingualism within the family from southern and decolonial approaches, this article examines what it could mean to ‘decolonize the field of family language policy’ – or, rather, to reimagine this field in terms of the more all-encompassing label of family multilingualism. It draws on my own experience of the difficulty of fitting into a field configured in English, from my position as a French researcher working in the contexts of the so-called Global South and supervising students who come from backgrounds minoritized in France and who are personally involved in the subjects on which they work. This commentary has thus been written from relative marginality in this field and out of an experience of both familiarity and foreignness. By proposing four lateral moves, it adds to studies calling for viewpoints to be situated, for voices from the south to be included and for knowledge itself to be decolonized. These lateral moves form part of an attempt to decolonize this academic field if we are to take seriously the need to clean house within the academy itself so that knowledges rooted in western/northern experiences and traditions are simply part of the palette of knowledges.
The content of regulatory B-lymphocytes in autoimmune adrenal insufficiency
Authors: Troshina E. A. , Nuralieva N. F. , Dyakov I. N. , Yukina M. Yu. , Gavrilova M. V. , Chernyshova I. N. , Snegireva N. A. , Svitich O. A. , Dedov I. I.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Currently, the need to expand knowledge about the mechanisms of impaired immune tolerance in autoimmune adrenal insufficiency (AAI) remains relevant. It is not excluded that in AAI there are disturbances in the system of regulatory B-lymphocytes (Breg).

Objective: To assess the state of the B-regulatory cells system of immunity in AAI.

Material and methods: the content of Breg was evaluated in patients with AAI, including isolated AAI and AAI as part of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2 (APS-2) and as part of APS-1, in patients with primary adrenal insufficiency (1-AI) of non-autoimmune genesis, conditionally healthy individuals without AI and autoimmune diseases.

Results: A decrease in the content of Breg in vivo was revealed in patients with isolated AAI and AAI in the composition of APS-2 compared with conditionally healthy participants. The content of Breg in vivo in patients with 1-AI of non-autoimmune genesis did not statistically differ from the indicators of conditionally healthy participants.

Conclusion: for the first time in the world, a tendency to a decrease in the content of Breg in AAI, caused by a disturbance of peripheral immune tolerance, was found. Thus, these cells can be considered as promising markers for the prognosis, early diagnosis, and differential diagnosis of AAI.
New prospects for the interdisciplinary use of metformin in clinical practice: its role in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Demidova T. Yu. , Izmailova M. Ya. , Belova K. M. , Titova V. V.
Published: January 2024

Today, despite the introduction of primary and secondary prevention methods, chronic non-communicable diseases remain the main cause of high morbidity and mortality throughout the world. According to some studies, hepatic component metabolic syndrome and one of the main factors contributing to the development of cardiometabolic diseases is non-alcoholic severe liver disease. According to the results of studies, NAFLD is currently the leading cause of chronic liver diseases worldwide and is closely associated with the development of cardiometabolic pathology, in particular type 2 diabetes and CVD. This review is devoted to the epidemiology, pathophysiology of the close relationship between NAFLD and type 2 diabetes, as well as therapy affecting insulin resistance, a key link connecting these two nosologies.
Extraglycemic effects of NGLT2 inhibitors and effects on NAFLD as an effective way to improve cardiorenal prognosis in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Demidova T. Yu. , Izmailova M. Ya. , Skuridina D. V.
Published: January 2024

NAFLD is a systemic metabolic disease that manifests itself in a variety of concomitant pathologies united by common pathophysiological mechanisms of development. NAFLD is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the world, the prevalence of which in the general population is approximately 30% and occurs in all age categories and has no gender differences. Given the close relationship of NAFLD with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and obesity, as well as the huge contribution to the development of cardiorenal complications according to numerous studies, innovative hypoglycemic therapy in the treatment of patients with NAFLD and NASH is of particular interest. One of the most promising antidiabetic drugs, which, in addition to the hypoglycemic effect, have a dozen extraglycemic pleiotropic effects on cardiovascular, renal and hepatic function, are iNGLT type 2.
The sodium-glucose cotransporter isoform 1 as a target for influence in type 2 diabetes: basic physiology and functional properties in the light of evidence-based facts
Authors: Teplova A. S. , Ibrokhimov Kh. Kh. , Erdyneeva A. S. , Demidova T. Y.
Published: January 2024

From numerous studies, it is known about the role of SGLT-2 inhibitors in reducing glycemia, cardio- and nephroprotection in patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2). SGLT-1 has been studied less, the management and activity of which may also be the key to compensation of type 2 diabetes, chronic diseases of the heart, kidneys and other organs and tissues. At the moment, inhibition of SGLT-1 in humans can only be achieved by using combined inhibitors of SGLT-1/SGLT-2. Drugs with selective inhibition of SGLT-1 are actively studied in animals and in vitro studies. This review is devoted to the principles of the action of SGLT-1, the effect of inhibition of SGLT-1 on pathological conditions, and also evaluation of the prospects for the use of SGLT-1i in humans.
Remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a patient with obesity and hypogonadism
Authors: Sargsyan E. Zh. , Skuridina D. V. , Lobanova C. G.
Published: January 2024

Currently, obesity is the main risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 diabetes) as a key link in the emergence of insulin resistance. Traditionally, the basic strategy for controlling type 2 diabetes is to normalize blood glucose levels by correcting lifestyle and lifelong use of oral and/or injectable hypoglycemic therapy. However, in recent years, doctors and researchers are increasingly turning to the possibility of remission of type 2 diabetes. Remission of diabetes mellitus is the preservation of normal values of glycemia with the complete abolition of hypoglycemic therapy (tablet or injection). Many studies reflect that lifestyle changes, such as weight loss, dieting and increased physical activity, contribute to the onset of remission of type 2 diabetes in a significant number of people. In this clinical case, we demonstrate the possibility of achieving remission of diabetes mellitus with a multifactorial approach to the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, which causes stabilization of blood glucose levels, prevention of complications and improvement of quality of life, and thus, we exhibit new prospects in the treatment of this disease.
Imposto inflacionário: uma análise para a economia brasileira
Authors: DALLACQUA FERNANDO M.
Published: January 2024

RESUMO O artigo analisa as relações entre inflação, imposto inflacionário e déficit público para a economia brasileira durante os anos oitenta. Inicialmente, essas relações são descritas de forma um tanto simplista usando o chamado modelo de imposto inflacionário. As hipóteses de trabalho são (1) existe um limite absoluto para o financiamento do déficit do governo pelo imposto inflacionário; (2) um determinado montante de imposto inflacionário pode ser arrecadado com uma taxa de inflação alta ou baixa e (3) o imposto inflacionário arrecadado pelo governo depende das condições monetárias da economia. Usando este arcabouço analítico, um exercício de simulação é realizado para estimar o financiamento fiscal inflacionário do déficit público da economia brasileira durante o período 1982-88. As principais conclusões são: (1) as condições do financiamento tributário inflacionário mudam após 1986, quando o foco da política econômica se desloca da ortodoxia convencional para o que se chama de abordagem heterodoxa; (2) a aceleração da inflação enfraqueceu radicalmente a capacidade do governo de arrecadar impostos inflacionários e (3) nessas condições, o congelamento de preços e a fixação da taxa de câmbio podem ser considerados necessários para assegurar a transição de um nível de inflação alto para baixo.
Hiperinflação na América Latina
Authors: CARDOSO ELIANA A.
Published: January 2024

RESUMO Este artigo discute porque a inflação é tão alta na América Latina e o que pode ser feito para detê-la. A primeira parte começa com uma análise do monetarismo. Discute também os modelos de senhoriagem, o impacto da crise da dívida e da dolarização sobre a inflação. Em seguida, revisamos o estruturalismo e sua visão mais recente: a inércia inflacionária. Em seguida, integramos as diferentes interpretações da inflação. A segunda parte examina os programas de estabilização, começando pela análise dos programas derivados do diagnóstico monetarista, ou programas ortodoxos. Em seguida, nos voltamos para programas heterodoxos, incluindo tanto programas populistas quanto programas baseados em uma nova interpretação da inflação. Os programas de estabilização da década de 1980 não conseguiram obter a consolidação orçamentária e os grandes déficits orçamentários levaram a economia a uma situação clássica de finanças inflacionárias.
Competências comuns para a prática interprofissional no cuidado às pessoas em situação de violência sexual
Authors: Lima Alexandra Silva de , Freitas Júnior Reginaldo Antônio de Oliveira
Published: January 2024

Resumo Introdução: A violência sexual é um grave problema na sociedade brasileira cujas repercussões no âmbito da saúde pública tornam imperativa a abordagem dessa questão no contexto da formação das suas profissões. Igualmente, a integralidade do cuidado destinado às pessoas em situação de violência sexual requer a atuação conjunta de diversas profissões, além da integração em rede e articulação de diferentes equipamentos sociais. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo reconhecer quais competências - entendidas como o conjunto de conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes - são necessárias para o desenvolvimento do cuidado integral destinado às pessoas em situação de violência sexual, segundo os melhores padrões de qualidade e segurança para a saúde delas. Método: Realizou-se um estudo qualitativo de caráter exploratório e descritivo que envolveu a aplicação de um formulário prévio sobre os conhecimentos acerca das competências, seguido da dinâmica da construção da figura humana, que consiste na confecção de um boneco no qual os conhecimentos estariam representados pela cabeça, as habilidades pelos membros e as atitudes pelo corpo, na realização de uma oficina com 76 participantes de diferentes profissões. Adicionalmente, aplicou-se um questionário a 32 profissionais com reconhecida expertise na área de violência sexual e com experiência prática no atendimento às pessoas nessa situação. Foi empregada a análise temática categorial. Resultado: Identificaram-se desafios a serem superados nas três dimensões constituintes das competências, com nítida deficiência de conhecimentos para a atuação em rede visando à efetividade e à integralidade do cuidado. Reconheceram-se 15 competências comuns aos profissionais que lidam com a violência, e o produto final foi representado num infográfico de disposição radial com a organização dos conhecimentos, das habilidades e das atitudes identificados como necessários para o desenvolvimento de tais competências. Conclusão: Reconhecer competências comuns e identificar, separadamente, quais conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes as constituem representa estratégias promotoras da abordagem transversal desses conteúdos na formação das profissões, sobretudo da saúde. A proposição de uma matriz de competências comuns para prática interprofissional no cuidado destinado às pessoas em situação de violência sexual pode orientar a qualificação desse cuidado e alicerçar a interprofissionalidade em cenários cruciais de atuação coletiva para o enfrentamento da flagrante injustiça social que a violência sexual significa.
Calcium fertilization strategy on mango physiological characteristics and yield
Authors: Sena Jasmine Pereira de , Silva Luan dos Santos , Oliveira Fábio Freire de , Silva Júnior Gabriel Barbosa da , Cavalcante Ítalo Herbert Lucena
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT Calcium (Ca) is a nutrient responsible for maintaining plant quality and fruit yield. The production of new Ca sources, such as micronized (CaM) and complexed Ca (CaC), and their supplementation provide a better yield in mango cultivation. This study aimed to evaluate the efect of Ca sources (micronized and complexed with Ascophyllum nodosum) and application methods on mango cultivation, in semi-arid Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 6 × 6 factorial scheme. The Ca supplementation strategies (control; 1 L ha−1 of CaM; 2 L ha−1 of CaM; 2 L ha−1 of CaC with A. nodosum extract; 2 L ha−1 of CaC with A. nodosum extract + application of 2.5 L ha−1 via CaC fertigation; and 2.5 L ha−1 via CaC fertigation) were evaluated on six dates regarding nutritional aspects. For biochemical and production aspects, the six supplementation strategies with Ca were evaluated. The Ca concentration in leaves and fruits signifcantly afected the interaction among the factors. The fertilization strategy with 2.5 L ha−1 of complexed calcium via fertigation was fundamental to provide increases in the nitrogen and Ca concentration of the fruits from 65 days after full fowering, and had positive efects on fruiting and production of mangoes cv. Kent.
Interception loss by yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) in production systems in Southern Brazil
Authors: Santos Ezequias Rodrigues dos , Vestena Leandro Redin , Serrato Francisco Belmonte
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT The partitioning of precipitation into interception, throughfall and stemflow is essential for the hydrological balance in forests, particularly in the Brazilian forest system, regulating the amount of water input and leaf distribution in the ecosystem. This study aimed to present the dynamics of interception loss in yerba mate monoculture, agroforestry and native mixed ombrophilous forest systems, in experimental producing areas in the municipality of Guarapuava, Southern Brazil. The total gross rainfall was 788 mm, distributed in 33 events between July 2019 and March 2020. The throughfall, stemfow and interception loss of rainfall were respectively 78.7, 0.2 and 21.1 % in the native mixed ombrophilous forest; 85.3, 0.1 and 14.6 % in the agroforestry system; and 86.1, 0.3 and 13.6 % in the monoculture system. It was observed that diferent canopy characteristics infuence the variability of rainfall partitioning. The mixed ombrophilous forest showed a higher interception capacity, when compared to the monoculture and agroforestry systems, determined by plant density and meteorological conditions.
Checklist das categorias da CIF relevantes para o desenvolvimento de fala e linguagem
Authors: Pinto Fernanda Chequer de Alcântara , Schiefer Ana Maria , Perissinoto Jacy
Published: January 2024

RESUMO Objetivo Criar um checklist da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF) a partir de categorias relevantes para o desenvolvimento de fala e linguagem, segundo a percepção de pais e fonoaudiólogos. Método Realizou-se aplicação piloto e pesquisa. Na pesquisa participaram 100 pais de pré-escolares, com desenvolvimento típico de linguagem/cognição e 57 fonoaudiólogos especialistas em linguagem. Elaborou-se questionário com 199 categorias da CIF dos componentes de funções do corpo, atividades e participação e fatores ambientais. Cada categoria foi pontuada como: indispensável (2); importante (1) ou sem importância (0). Realizou-se a análise estatística (descritiva, soma, cluster/Método K-means e Mann-Whitney). Resultados Com a soma dos pontos (indispensável, importante e sem importância) e a quantidade de respostas indispensável, foram identificadas as categorias de maior relevância para cada grupo de respondentes, assim como o conjunto de categorias em comum (72 consideradas de maior influência). A listagem comum aos grupos contou com os três componentes: funções do corpo (30 categorias/40% do total), atividades e participação (35/49,29%) e fatores ambientais (sete/13,20%). Das categorias selecionadas, 58,33% apresentaram resultados estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos, quanto à relevância dada. Conclusão As categorias foram consideradas com pontuações distintas entre os grupos: as de funções do corpo foram mais pontuadas pelos fonoaudiólogos, enquanto as de fatores ambientais pelos pais. Assim, foi possível criar um checklist a partir da identificação das categorias mais relevantes para o desenvolvimento de fala e linguagem, em idade pré-escolar, contemplando os componentes funções do corpo, atividades e participação e fatores ambientais.
Self-rated health according to sex and associated factors in Manaus, Brazil, 2019: a population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Nakamura Isabella Bagni , Silva Marcus Tolentino , Galvão Taís Freire
Published: January 2024

Abstract Objective: To assess the prevalence and factors associated with poor self-rated health according to respondents’ sex in Manaus, Brazil. Methods: This was a cross-sectional population-based study with adults in Manaus in 2019. Adjusted prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated using Poisson regression following a hierarchical model. Results: Poor self-rated health occurred in 35.2% (95%CI 33.3;37.2) of the 2,321 participants and was higher in females (PR = 1.27; 95%CI 1.13;1.43). In the general population, among both sexes, poor self-rated health was higher among the oldest, those with moderate and severe food insecurity and with chronic diseases (p-value < 0.05). Among females, poor health was also higher among the evangelical and those with mild food insecurity. Among males, self-rated health was also poorer among the retired and those with education below elementary level (p-value < 0.001). Conclusion: The female sex had the poorest health rating, influenced by morbidity and access to food.
Effects of natural zeolite on mechanical properties and durability indexes of concrete
Authors: Sinngu Fhatuwani , Ekolu Stephen O. , Modisane Letsatsi , Solomon Fitsum H.
Published: January 2024

This study evaluated the effects of a locally available natural zeolite (NZ), on properties of concrete. To the best knowledge of the authors, this paper is the first study wherein NZ concrete has been evaluated using durability index methods. The NZ studied is presently not used as pozzolan in the local cement industry, hence its potential use in concrete would be new. In the investigation, concrete mixtures of 0.50 and 0.70 water/cementitious ratios were prepared using CEM I 52.5R cement type blended with 0, 10, 20 and 30% NZ. Performance characteristics of NZ were compared with those of 20% or 30% fly ash (FA), which is a conventional pozzolan. The mechanical properties measured were strength development, workability and setting time. Durability properties including carbonation and a consortium of indexes comprising oxygen permeability index, water sorptivity index and chloride conductivity index were also tested. Interestingly, NZ concretes exhibited good or excellent durability index values and lower carbonation results, relative to those of the corresponding FA concretes. In fact, adding 20% NZ into concrete mixtures gave optimal performance, including significant reduction of carbonation, which is a unique beneficial effect as pozzolans typically increase carbonation.
The Boy Who Never Gave Up: A Refugee’s Epic Journey to Triumph written by E Taban and A Crofts
Authors: Masango July
Published: January 2024

About the book: In 1994, 16-year-old Emmanuel Taban walked out of war-torn Sudan with nothing and nowhere to go after he had been tortured at the hands of government forces, who falsely accused him of spying for the rebels. When he finally managed to escape, he literally took a wrong turn and, instead of being reunited with his family, ended up in neighbouring Eritrea as a refugee. Over the months that followed, young Emmanuel went on a harrowing journey, often spending weeks on the streets and facing many dangers. Relying on the generosity of strangers, he made the long journey south to South Africa, via Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique and Zimbabwe, travelling mostly by bus and on foot. When he reached Johannesburg, 18 months after fleeing Sudan, he was determined to resume his education. He managed to complete his schooling with the help of Catholic missionaries and entered medical school, qualifying as a doctor, and eventually specialising in pulmonology. Emmanuel’s skill and dedication as a physician, and his stubborn refusal to be discouraged by setbacks, led to an important discovery in the treatment of hypoxaemic COVID-19 patients. By never giving up, this son of Sudan has risen above extreme poverty, racism and xenophobia to become a South African legend.
Письма и бумаги прибыльщика Алексея Курбатова (1700-1720-е годы)
Authors: Федюкин игорь
Published: January 2024

В очередной книге серии впервые собраны вместе документы Алексея Александровича Курбатова (1663-1721), самого яркого из прибыльщиков петровского времени, бывшего боярского слуги, который стал «изобретателем» целого ряда ключевых реформ, управлял Архангельской губернией и закончил жизнь под следствием. Издание включает письма Курбатова Петру I и некоторым ведущим деятелям Петровской эпохи, предлагавшиеся Курбатовым проекты реформ, материалы его следственного дела и другие документы, многие из которых публикуются впервые. В двух вводных статьях подробно рассматривается биография Курбатова и его государственная деятельность. Книга адресована историкам, культурологам, филологам, а также широкому кругу читателей.
Preoperative predictors of morbidity in patients with perforation peritonitis: Can early identification prevent mortality?
Authors: AR Bansal , PS Ahluwahlia , Joy Bansal , Ankit Kamboj , Harsha Kamalhans
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Perforation peritonitis is one of the most frequently encountered surgical emergencies in tropical countries like India and mostly affects young men in their prime of life. In the majority of the cases, presentation to the hospital is late with generalized peritonitis and varying degrees of septicemia. It is therefore necessary to recognize patients at risk preoperatively and prepare for an aggressive management strategy. The present study was thus planned to assess the clinical factors that could predict morbidity and mortality preoperatively in people with perforated peritonitis.  Materials and methods: 100 adult patients above 14 years of age with perforated peritonitis who underwent emergency laparotomy were evaluated. Data on demographics, comorbidities, vital signs, deranged biochemical parameters, delay in presentation to the hospital, and personal medical history were collected and analyzed for preoperative predictors.  Results: Postoperative morbidity and mortality were the key results. The findings revealed that a number of preoperative predictors like advanced age, delay in presentation to the tertiary care center, medical co-morbidities an elevated white blood cell count, and a protracted preoperative hospital stay were strongly linked with greater morbidity and mortality. Among the pre-existing comorbidities, COPD accounted for most of the deaths after surgery.  Conclusion: Early detection of preoperative predictors can assist clinicians in risk stratification by enhancing preoperative care and help in a well-directed therapy for patients who are more likely to experience postoperative difficulties and thus lower morbidity and death. A proper referral mechanism and early transportation along with adequate health education particularly for rural populations can reduce the morbidity and mortality in such patients.
Possible anti-fouling effect of polyenes in molluscs shell
Authors: Maksim Karpenko , Alexander Karpenko , Vyacheslav Odintsov
Published: January 2024

Polyenes were analysed in two species of marine gastropods (the periwinkles Littorina brevicula and Littorina mandshurica) and two species of marine bivalves (the mussels Mytilus trossulus and Crenomytilus grayanus) to determine the relationship of these compounds with the fouling of molluscs shell. It was found that the shells of the Littorina gastropods and M. trossulus, which are rarely overgrown by fouling organisms in nature, contained polyenes. In rare cases of fouling by Balanus barnacles, there were no polyenes at the sites of their attachment on the shells. Polyenes were not found in the shells of C. grayanus, which are often prone to fouling. The role of polyenes in the possible anti-fouling properties of molluscan shells is discussed.
FRANCIS BACON'S RESİMLERİNDE İNSANLIK DURUMU: BİR KİMLİK VE GERÇEKLİK ANALİZİ
Authors: AKBULUT Doğan
Published: January 2024

Bacon’ın sanatı, iğrenç, korkunç, haykıran, kudurmuş sefil insanlık durumunun özeti gibidir. Onun insana bakışı, hayata karşı kayıtsızlığı yaşamla ölüm arasına sıkışmış çaresiz bir bireyin, özelde ise kendi istismarlarının, tercihlerinin veya yaşanmışlıklarının üstü örtük yansımalarıdır. Sadece kendi yaşamının özeti olarak ele alınsa bile sanatının ana malzemesi insandır. Bazen bir portre bazen yatakta uzanmış bir figür, bazen yarı insan yarı hayvan olarak algılana bilecek türden insanımsı, kargasından sıyrılmış kan revan içinde et yığınları varlıklar.

Çocukluğunda ve gençliğinde yaşamış travmaların sonucu, yaşamının önemli bir döneminde saklamak zorunda kaldığı cinsel kimliği nedeniyle toplumsal linçe maruz kalmış, dışlanmış bir bireyin ruh halini yansıtan, kendi kimliğini kabul ettirmeye çalışan bir insanın yaşadığı nörotik dışavurumu gibidir.

Sanatla yaşamın örtüşmesi ya da sanatçının yaşamının sanata nasıl yansıdığının bir özeti niteliği taşıyan bu araştırmada Bacon’un resimleri üzerinden sanatçının kimliği ve eserlerindeki gerçekliği üzerine bir incelemedir. Bacon’un resimlerindeki figürlerin imgesel olarak bize iletileri bakımından onun sanatını anlamak ve yorumlamak, yirminci yüzyıl yeni figürasyon resim sanatını anlamak açısından katkı sağlaması hedeflenmiştir.
Sticker Removal v1
Authors: N Krout Ian , Sampson Tim
Published: January 2024

The sticker removal test is a form of adhesive removal task assessment that is used by our lab to asses sensory stimuli and motor tasks in mice. Simply, an adhesive substance is placed on the nose of the mouse which is sensed, then removed by the mice using their forepaws1. Difficulties in these tasks are commonly attributed to either sensory perturbations or difficulty in initiating or performing movement2. PD models (Parkin-KO, DJ-1, and Thy1-aSyn) mice show an increase in the time required to remove the adhesive sticker compared to controls2.
Theoretical aspects of sludge treatment schemes
Authors: Butko Denis A.
Published: January 2024

Сonsiders the stages of the life cycle of waste water from sedimentation tanks and facilities for processing wash water from fast filters: formation, compaction, dehydration and disposal. A processing model has been formed and the influencing factors on the concentration of suspended solids in each of the stages have been established. Based on the theories of sediment movement, the theory of sediment compaction prof. E.F. Kurgaev and the theory of drying acad. A.V. Lykov proposed a mathematical description of the sludge treatment scheme. The obtained results are confirmed by the choice of influencing factors on the rate of sludge dehydration and confirmed by empirically obtained results.
Aesthetic aspect of integration of devices for prevention of snow accumulation on roofs of buildings into modern urban landscape
Authors: Saulova Tatyana A. , Bas Vitaly I.
Published: January 2024

In the context of the dynamics of urban processes, the problem of time requirements - the need to create engineering projects that ensure sustainable urban development, remain relevant and mobile for the long term, combining innovation and aesthetics - is touched upon. As an example, the urbanistic principles of development and design of a device for preventing snow accumulation on the roofs of buildings are highlighted. Within the framework of the principle of combining aesthetics and functionality, the design features of a specially designed universal canopy are revealed, which provides not only protection of the aerodynamic route of the device, but also allows to preserve the aesthetics of the building, and even – to organically fit outdated buildings that have no historical value into the urban landscape.
Revealing the features of international secondary education systems and their influence on the architecture of buildings of educational organizations (on the example of India)
Authors: Kuznetsova Anna A.
Published: January 2024

Secondary education is compulsory all over the world. The implementation of this educational level takes place in school buildings of various sizes and types. It seems appropriate to study the features of the educational systems of the largest countries and their impact on the architecture of the school building with the subsequent systematization of similar and distinctive features with the Russian typology of school buildings in order to find the best options for its transformation in response to changes in external influencing factors. The article discusses the features of the development of the education system in India with an emphasis on the middle level. The current regulatory documents are analyzed, the most typical examples of school buildings are given. The issue of the development of digital education in the country is highlighted.
Modelling, Analysis, Fabrication and Experimental Testing of Leaf Spring Material by Hybrid Composite Materials with Natural Fiber for Electric Vehicle
Authors: Babu Mr. V. Maneesh , Prasanthi Dr. Smt. G.
Published: January 2024

Present automobiles are running with the help of fuel. But in the future, electricity plays a significant role. The generation upgrading into electricity as the main source. Leaf springs are used for suspension for automobiles. These leaf springs are manufactured with stainless steel material. This is heavy in weight, which is one of the limitations for consuming of fuel. If this material is used in electric vehicle, it consumes more electricity. To overcome this issue the material is replaced with composites. The primary goal of this endeavour is to achieve weight rebates without diminishing in reliability. A parametric study of the leaf spring by varying the three-dimensional parameters will be carried out. Fabrication of the composite specimen is based upon the ASTM standard. Modelling and analysis of composite leaf spring with SOLIDWORKS and ANSYS WORKBENCH software. Epoxy resin and E- glass fibre is reinforced with various fractions of Prosopis Juliflora (Throne powder) composites were falsification by hand layup technique. The fabricated composite material in the form of plate were cut into corresponding profiles as per ASTM standard. The objective is to examine the Stress, Strain, Deformation, Physical property, Mechanical properties, Thermal property of composite leaf spring with that of steel, CFRP.
Mechanical And Physical Properties Of Steel Fiber Secure Self-Compacting Bituminous Concrete Mix With Structural Elements.
Authors: Kumar Meena Rahul , Jakhar Aditya
Published: January 2024

The progression of Self Compac-ting Con-crete is dynamic accomplishment all through the entire nearness of progress industry acknowledging unprecedented usage of SCC all things considered these days. It has different focal concentrations over regular Con-crete the degree that improvement in item ivity, decrease in labor and generally cost, impressive completed thing with unprecedented mechanical reaction and quality. Mix of strands further updates its pro-perties strikingly identified with post split direct of SCC. Along these lines the reason for a near assessment solid, re-in-constrained with various sorts of filaments. The components join into the evaluation are type and contrasting degree of strands. The fundamen-tal properties of new SCC and mech-anical properties, quality, break importance and sorptivity were investigate ed. Micro_structure assessment of different blends is done through checking electron enhancing instrument to take a gander at the hydrated structure and security progress among fiber and blend.