bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of the Elimination of Sales Tax Deductibility on State Fiscal Decisions
Authors: Stotsky Janet G.
Published: March 2007

This article formulates and estimates a model of state government to assess the effect of the elimination of state sales-tax deductibility on state fiscal decisions. Government is modeled as maximizing a social welfare function defined over public expenditures and taxes. The model yields a plausible characterization of state government behavior. The simulations on the uncompensated and compensated removal of sales-tax deductibility suggest that this change will lead to cutbacks in key areas of state government spending and in state government reliance on its major tax sources. The largest changes will be sizable cutbacks in state government reliance on the sales tax and in spending for income-transfer programs. Sales-tax revenues will fall by the largest proportion in higher-income states and expenditures for income-transfer programs will fall by the largest proportion in lower-income states.
Product Quality Under Specific and Ad Valorem Taxation
Authors: Kay John , Keen Michael
Published: March 2007

This article generalizes existing results on the effects of specific and ad valorem taxes on product quality in competitive markets. It is shown that the critical quantity on which these effects turn is the price elasticity of the marginal valuation of quality. Previous analyses, it emerges, have implicitly focused on the special cases in which this elasticity is zero or unity. It is also shown that there are circumstances in which this elasticity is exactly the reciprocal of the elasticity of substitution between price and quality in the indirect utility function.
Is Tax Reform in the Public Interest? a Rent-Seeking Perspective
Authors: de Vanssay Xavier , Spindler Zane A.
Published: March 2007

This article argues that rent-seeking competition over tax reform can exhaust prospective efficiency gains, thus making tax reform a potential negative-sum activity—especially when considered over the entire rent-seeking cycle. It concludes that a positive defense against negative-sum tax reform games can arise from public choice economists debunking the game's ideological basis and constructing "rent-seeking impact statements" for proposed tax reforms.
Income Distribution, Tax Structure, and the Measurement of Tax Progressivity
Authors: Silber Jacques
Published: March 2007

A new discrete formulation of the most commonly used tax progressivity indexes is suggested. This approach allows one to rigorously prove that in some cases the Dalton/Musgrave-Thin and the Kakwani/Suits indexes may rank tax systems differ ently. Moreover, it enables one, when comparing tax progressivity in two countries (or over time) to precisely determine which part of the gap between the indexes is due to differences in pretax incomes, in (standardized) tax rates, and eventually also in the average tax burden. An illustration based on U.S. and Canadian data for the year 1985 confirms the empirical relevance of this formulation of the tax progressivity indexes.
A General Equilibrium Analysis of a Reduction in Capital Gains Taxes
Authors: Seldon Barry J. , Boyd Roy G.
Published: March 2007

The authors analyze the general equilibrium effects of reducing capital gains taxes in a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. The CGE approach allows the examination of the impact of the tax reduction on the various sectors of the economy. Of special interest is the distributive effects of the tax reduction, measured in this study by the changes in income and utility among six income classes. Positive gains are enjoyed in all six income classes, with the highest percentage increases going to the lowest income class. Of 14 consumption sectors, the largest percentage increase is in savings. This bodes well for future economic growth.
Did Proposition 13 Affect the Mobility of California Homeowners ?
Authors: Nagy John
Published: March 2007

In 1978, the voters of California cut the property tax paid by home owners whenthey passed Proposition 13. However, home owners lose much of this tax savings if they sell their homes and buy others, because, under Proposition 13, recently purchased property is assessed at a higher rate. This may create a lock-in effect, and as a result home owners may be less likely to move from their present homes. Using the Census Bureau's Annual Housing Surveys (1975, 1978, 1982), I compare home owner mobility rates after Proposition 13 with rates immediately prior to the initiative. I find that mobility did decline in the years immediately after the introduction of Proposition 13. However, the data suggest the decline in mobility in California may be simply a part of a national decline in mobility, because there was a concurrent decline in mobility in the rest of the nation.
Voluntary Cutbacks and Pretreaty Behavior: the Helsinki Protocol and Sulfur Emissions
Authors: Murdoch James C. , Sandler Todd
Published: March 2007

This article formulates a noncooperative game model of sulfur emission reductions that accounts for the transboundary transport of emissions. Based on this model, European demand for emission reductions is derived from 1980 to 1985. In the early 1980s, information on sulfur emissions and depositions became available and allowed nations to assess their desired levels of emission reductions. We estimate European demand for cutbacks prior to the Helsinki Protocol's mandated reductions by using spatially autoregressive techniques. This demand depends on the price of emission cutbacks, national income, self-inflicted damage, baseline emission levels, and freedoms. Qualitative analysis lends support to the noncooperative depiction and our characterization of the Protocol as reflecting actions that many nations were already taking.
Public Subsidies to Stadiums: Do the Costs Outweigh the Benefits?
Authors: Irani Daraius
Published: March 2007

This article reexamines the costs and benefits to cities of publicly subsidized stadiums by measuring the welfare gain of a stadium. Previous research has shown that the economic impact of a stadium on a local economy is insignificant compared to the costs of the stadium. However, the literature has ignored the welfare gain generated by a stadium. The annual consumer surplus generated by a stadium is calculated from a simple demand curve for baseball games using 1972 to 1991 data on ticket prices and attendance. Estimates of the consumer surplus are in the range of $2.2 million to $54.1 million per season. Further, the annual net benefit of a stadium exclusive of any induced economic activity ranges from minus $19.1 million to $32.8 million.
The Effects of Business Taxes on Output and Location of the Firm Under Uncertainty: Comment
Authors: Horowitz Ira
Published: March 2007

Yeh, Suwanakul, and Mai (1996) use a triangular production location model to study the impact of various business taxes on the output and location decisions of a competitive firm facing a random price. In this "Comment," it is shown that their results are exclusively output driven, and the very same results would be obtained for any internal or external factor, other than a business tax, that results in an output change.
Massively Parallel Monte Carlo Simulations On Cm2 for Gas Adsorption in Zeolite Molecular Sieves
Authors: Chent Ai , Hirtzel Cynthia S.
Published: March 2007

A massively parallel scheme for gas adsorption in zeo lite molecular sieves based on the Macro State Markov Chain Model (Chen, 1993; Chen and Hirtzel, 1993a) has been developed and implemented on the Connection Machine CM2. Implementation details that are impor tant in achieving high efficiency of the parallel algo rithm are described. The results show that the parallel implementation is very efficient, and that simulation time is dramatically reduced in comparison with con ventional sequential schemes.
ChemIo: High Performance Parallel I/o for Computational Chemistry Applications
Authors: Nieplocha Jarek , Foster Ian , Kendall Rick A.
Published: March 2007

Recent developments in I/O systems on scalable parallel computers have sparked renewed interest in out-of-core methods for computational chemistry. These methods can improve execution time significantly relative to direct methods, which perform many redundant computations. However, the widespread use of such out-of-core methods requires efficient and portable implementations of often complex I/O patterns. The ChemlO project has addressed this problem by defining an I/O interface that captures the I/O patterns found in important computational chemistry applications and by providing high performance imple mentations of this interface on multiple platforms. This development broadens the user community for parallel I/O techniques and provides new insights into the functionality required in general purpose scalable I/O libraries and the techniques required to achieve high performance I/O on scalable parallel computers.
Targeting Customers with Statistical and Data-Mining Techniques
Authors: Drew James H. , Mani D. R. , Betz Andrew L. , Datta Piew
Published: March 2007

Operationalizing a relationship management program requires a retention strategy that is sensitive to an individual customer’s position in the service life cycle, while being financially sound for the provider. To this end, estimating a customer’s hazard function and remaining tenure with the company can lead to important insights into marketing tactics and constitute fundamental building blocks for methods of targeting important customers. The authors describe a way of estimating these quantities using a combination of statistical and data-mining techniques. The resulting customer hazard information leads to a generalization of lifetime value (GLTV) that explicitly accounts for company actions and their success in relationship management.
Understanding Service Customers
Authors: Driver Carole , Johnston Robert
Published: March 2007

This article describes an exploratory study, based on 259 interviews, examining whether it is meaningful to segment customers by the relative importance they place on the interpersonal and noninterpersonal aspects of service quality, and if so, whether the segments differ in their perceptions of overall service quality. The study shows that customers can have different priorities in terms of interpersonal and noninterpersonal quality, and this can influence their perceptions of service quality. For practitioners, this could provide a useful means of segmenting customers; for researchers, it raises an important issue in the interpretation of service quality research.
Recovsat
Authors: Boshoff Christo
Published: March 2007

Persistent poor service delivery will have a harmful impact on the survival and growth prospects of service firms. If service failures occur, the literature contends, there are tactics and strategies service firms can employ to return customers to a state of satisfaction. However, no attempt has as yet been made to assess how satisfied customers are after service firms have tried to recover from service failures. The purpose of this study is, first, to identify the dimensions of transaction-specific service recovery satisfaction by analyzing consumer expectations and, second, to develop a validated measuring instrument to measure satisfaction with transaction-specific service recovery based on those dimensions. The evidence of validity (convergent, discriminant, and nomological) and reliability reported here confirms the construct validity of the 17-item RECOVSAT instrument to measure satisfaction with transaction-specific service recovery.
Learning during New Banking Service Development
Authors: Lievens Annouk , de Ruyter Ko , Lemmink Jos
Published: March 2007

It has often been advocated that successful new service (product) development groups should bind into a cohesive unit, sharing a common direction and vision. This suggests close connections and communication between members of the department. The authors conducted two communication network studies to examine the impact of interpersonal communication (i.e., within team, cross team, and cross company) on market and technological learning during new financial service development within the marketing department of banks. They conclude that close cooperation, signified by a strong integration and a central position within the communication network, could be detrimental for learning activities. For service innovation management, the biggest challenge seems to be the preservation of heterogeneity and diversity among individuals and groups both within and across the marketing department to ensure learning. Both boundary-spanning communication and the presence of individuals within loosely coupled marketing networks seem effective communication conditions to obtain a rich learning environment.
From Big Sticks to Talking Sticks
Authors: DAVENPORT STEPHEN
Published: March 2007

The article reads Stephen King's The Shining as a story of anxiety about family, work, and masculinity in twentieth-century America. It is Jack Torrance's emotional life as a man and the sticks, big and talking, that he can choose from to express in life the answers—in 1977, during the heyday of post-WWII feminism and the birth of the men's movement—to the basic questions: how and where to be a man? The kinds of work available to Jack—caregiver to his son, caretaker of the hotel, husband-provider, teacher, and the always-suspect occupation of imaginative writer—direct his life as a man and organize the overarching narrative of wounded and wounding masculinity at the heart of this haunted-house story.
Vergüenza and Changing Chicano and Chicana Narratives
Authors: BARRIGA MIGUEL DÍAZ
Published: March 2007

Within anthropology, the role of vergüenza (shame) in maintaining “traditional” gender and family relations is well known. However, researchers have rarely focused on the ways that men and women have transformed and challenged the values associated with vergüenza. This article examines how Chicano and Chicana writers have reinterpreted vergüenza as part of their broader project of constructing borderland identities. It is shown how for Chicano and Chicana authors, such as Ernesto Galarza, Sandra Cisneros, and Gloria Anzaldúa, these reinterpretations are not only linked to social processes, such as migration, but also to the emergence of new understandings of culture and politics. The article concludes by noting that for anthropology, the study of vergüenza and changing Chicano and Chicana narratives offers new insights into understanding the cultural transformations surrounding the articulation of borderland identities.
The Social Constitution of Gender Identity among Peruvian Men
Authors: FULLER NORMA
Published: March 2007

Through analysis of 120 in-depth interviews carried out among men from the middle-class and popular sectors, this article reconstructs the representations of masculinity of a sample of men living in three cities in Peru. The central question posed is how men reaffirm and constitute their gender identities in a context in which, despite the fact that men continue to maintain a monopoly over the political and economic life of the country as well as authority within the family, some qualities and roles traditionally assigned to them have lost their legitimacy as a result of the democratization of values, changes in family structure and the status of women, and the emergence of new discourses of masculinity and gender relations. Two additional issues are also analyzed: the way that discourses regarding masculinity intersect with regional, class, and generational identities, and how gender identity is linked to macrosocial processes.
Corporal Punishment and Masculinity in South African Schools
Authors: MORRELL ROBERT
Published: March 2007

Corporal punishment has long been the most common form of punishment in South African schools. Its widespread use undoubtedly influenced constructions of masculinity.
Similarity and Political Patriarchy during the American Founding
Authors: KANN MARK E.
Published: March 2007

How did the American founders reconcile their revolutionary rhetoric of liberty and equality to ongoing patriarchy? Scholars generally argue that the founders perceived men and women to be different in ways that justified female subordination. The founders equated manhood to independence, reason, and virtue; associated womanhood with dependence, desire, and vice; and defined republican citizenship as the rule of sober males over impassioned females. This article suggests that the founders also perceived men and women to be similar in ways that perpetuated patriarchy. They saw both men and women as disorderly creatures with a capacity for chaos and a potential for procreativity. They defined the primary challenge of politics as controlling male disorders by tapping male procreativity while relying on patriarchal laws and customs to subdue disorderly women.
Last Laughs
Authors: THOMAS CALVIN
Published: March 2007

Because it deals with a male “superhero,” Tim Burton's 1989 film Batman inevitably the-matizes certain issues concerning masculinity. Specifically, Burton's film foregrounds an anxious relation among “armored” masculine subjectivity, the male body, and the mechanisms of photographic and cinematic representation. The close reading of Batman presented here argues that the film articulates a specifically masculinist anxiety about the very medium of cinema, a constitutive unease about a mass cultural “technology of abjection” that both threatens and enforces the boundaries of normative, heterosexual masculinity. By thematizing its own material engulfment in the “feminizing” mass culture it attempts to transcend, Batman complicates the very terms of masculinity on which it insists.
Carbon Monoxide Production From Overheated Thermal Insulation Materials
Authors: Hilado Carlos J. , Huttlinger Patricia A.
Published: March 2007

Carbon monoxide production in the off-gases was determined for selected thermal insulation materials. The highest yields of carbon monoxide were observed with phenol ic rigid foam and with hardboard containing phenol-formaldehyde binder.
Effect of Atrium Enclosure On Energy Requirements
Authors: Hilado Carlos J. , Huttlinger Patricia A.
Published: March 2007

The atrium, an open courtyard within the house itself, is a feature of many California residences. This feature has esthetic value but it increases energy requirements in cold weather. Enclosure of the atrium in two Eichler-style residences in Sunnyvale resulted in reductions as large as 54 percent in gas consumption.
Measurement of the Thermal Conductance of Shred-Ded Urea-Formaldehyde in Vertical Panel
Authors: Knickle Harold N. , Kalthod Vikram
Published: March 2007

A series of measurements of the thermal conduct ance of vertical panels representing building walls have been made. The building panels contained shredded urea-formaldehyde foam at different densities. The results showed a linear decrease in the thermal conductance as the shredded foam density is in creased.
A Technique for Measuring the Apparent Thermal Conductivity of Flat Insulations
Authors: Moore J.P. , Mcelroy D.L. , Jury S.H.
Published: March 2007

A technique for measuring the apparent thermal conductivity, λ a, of flat insu lations (either batt or loose) is described. This technique consists of an elec trically heated flat Nichrome-screen wire sandwiched between a pair of samples. Results from a limited experimental test are described and compared with results from a pipe insulation tester. Thermal modeling of this system shows that accurate measurements with λ a down to 0.01 W/m·K** and insula tion thicknesses below 0.089 m (3½ in.) should be straightforward. Measure ment of λ a for material as thick as 0.305 m (12 in.) should also be possible with a lateral guard scheme to reduce heat flow along the screen wire heater.
Scaling Factors in Aging of Gas-Filled Cellular Plastics
Authors: Bomberg Mark
Published: March 2007

One of the techniques used to determine aging of gas-filled cellular plastics (GFCP) is to correlate the thermal resistance of thin material layers with that of full thickness boards Either models of aging or scaling factors may be used for this purpose. This paper discusses the concept of scaling factors relating aging of thin and thick layers of GFCP, and points out their limitations.
Experimental and Analytical Investigations of Simultaneous Heat and Moisture Transport through Glass Fiber Insulation
Authors: Hokoi S. , Kumaran M.K.
Published: March 2007

Glass fiber insulation is one of the most commonly used building materials in residential wall cavities. In the normal conditions under which buildings operate, the moisture content in this insulation may locally vary from that of a very dry to a fully saturated state. This gives rise to many mechanisms for moisture trans port in the insulation. This article looks at all the possible mechanisms through which moisture is transported. This is done through two series of experiments and detailed numerical analysis The experiments include investigations on water vapour transport in the presence of thermal gradients and drying of fully saturated speci mens through evaporation. Physical quantities measured include history of heat flux, boundary temperatures and relative humidities and transient moisture distributions. The simultaneous heat and moisture transport processes are mathematically described through a pair of conservation equations In a finite difference method, these equations are used for detailed numerical analysis of the processes. The numeri cal analysis makes use of the experimental data to derive consistent values for a set of moisture transport properties, representative of a sample of medium density glass fiber insulation. The properties include thermal conductivity as a function of mois turc content, vapour permeability as a function of temperature, moisture diffusivity as a function of moisture content and temperature, heat capacity and hydraulic con ductivity as functions of moisture content and sorption isotherm. A sensitivity anal ysis and an independent experiment on the drying of a randomly wet specimen sup port the results obtained from the numerical analysis
Experimental and Computational Tests Involving R-11, R-19 and R-30 Fiberglass Insulations
Authors: Harris K.T. , McCarty T.A. , Roux J.A.
Published: March 2007

The attic regions of residential dwellings are important areas with respect to energy conservation. The primary objective of this study is to determine the effective changes in total heat transfer due both to varying the attic insulation thickness from R-11 to R-19 to R-30, and to adding horizontally installed radiant barriers (for R-30). Experimental data (including winter and summer) were collected at an occupied north Mississippi residence, and various profiles such as time histories of temperature, heat flux, and vapor water concentrations are presented to support the experimentally determined effects on the overall heat transfer. A transient, one- dimensional, computational thermal model that incorporates combined conduction and radiation heat transfer and moisture transport is also used to predict the changes in the total heat flux. These predictions are then compared with the experimental results for typical summer and winter days for north Mississippi.
Interlaboratory Evaluation of a New Sweating Guarded Hot Plate Test Method (ISO 11092)
Authors: Gibson Phillip , Auerbach Margaret , Giblo Joseph , Teal Walter , Endrusick Thomas
Published: March 2007

Heat transfer and water vapor transport measurements performed at three laboratories using the "sweating" guarded hot plate apparatus were standard ized based on the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Standard 11092. Comparison testing was conducted on four standard military uni form materials. The adherence to ISO 11092 resulted in good agreement among the three laboratories between measured values of thermal resistance and water vapor re sistance for the four materials. Factors influencing the accuracy of the test method are also discussed.
Two Case Studies with Failures in the Environmental Control of Buildings
Authors: Lstiburek Joseph William
Published: March 2007

This paper presents two study cases, one related to loose or falling tiles at shower stall enclosures, the other to surface mold and odors. Both of these housing studies illustrate how the performance failures were caused by a lack of a holistic approach to the environmental control of buildings.
Barrier EIFS Clad Walls: Results from a Moisture Engineering Study
Authors: Brown William , Ullett James , Karagiozis Achilles , Tonyan Timothy
Published: March 2007

This paper presents the results of work performed to enhance understanding of water penetration and moisture characteristics of barrier Exterior Insulation Finish Systems (EIFS) clad walls. The investigation was prompted by recent failures of barrier EIFS clad walls on houses in the Wilmington, North Caro lina area. The objective was to determine the cause of the problem and gain a better understanding of water penetration and moisture transport in these systems.

The study included a field investigation, laboratory experiments, and computer simulation. The experimental results indicate that barrier EIFS clad walls are prone to leak in areas around penetrations and allow water to enter into the wall cavity. A drainage cavity wall was also tested, and observed to perform well, managing water around penetrations and preventing leakage into the wall cavity. The computer simulation indicates that barrier EIFS clad walls in Wilmington have low moisture tolerance due to slow drying rates.

In conclusion, barrier EIFS clad walls do not provide effective management of rain penetration. As such, in-service performance is unpredictable and unreliable. In con trast to barrier EIFS clad walls, walls using a drained cavity approach were shown to provide good control of rain penetration.
A Simplified Model for Aging of Gas-Filled Thermal Insulating Foams
Authors: Jinkai Wang  , Hagentoft Carl-Eric
Published: March 2007

A simplified model for the aging of gas-filled thermal insulating foams is developed. This model is used to predict gas composition, gas partial pressures, and thermal performance of foams. The coupling between heat and gas transfer is one ofthe characteristic features ofthe model. The temperature dependency of gas perme ability, which has been found in many experimental studies, is taken into account The evaluation showed that the predicted results agree well with the measured ones. Under prescribed conditions ofaging, foam thermal conductivity, temperature, and gas partial pressures in foam can be calculated as a function of time and position.
Evaluation: Status of a Loose Coalition
Authors: Morell Jonathan A.
Published: March 2007

Essays, opinions, and professional judgments are welcome in this section of EP. Forum articles speak to and about the philosophical and ethical dilemmas of our profession. Authors are invited to express their views to encourage constructive dialogue centered on issues. To keep the dialogue substantive, other articles moti vated by previous Forum presentations should have independent titles and themes. Items labeled "Comments on ..." and "Rejoinder to ..." will not be published inForum— such responses, and those not of article length or nature, are welcome and encouraged in the Letters section of EP. Standard citations and reference lists should acknowledge and identify earlier contributions and viewpoints. Manuscripts should not exceed 10 double-spaced typewritten pages in length.
Book Reviews : Graham Hancock. Lords of Poverty. New York: The Atlantic Monthly Press, 1989, 234 pp
Authors: Ginsberg Pauline E.
Published: March 2007

Books applicable to the broad field of program evaluation are reviewed. Books may be reviews singularly or in groups to illuminate similarities and differences in intent, philasophy, and usefulness. Persons with suggestions of books to be reviewed or those who wish to submit a review should contact Barbara Searle (940 25th St., N.W., Apt. 114S, Washington, DC 20037) for specific instructions. In general, a review of an individual book should not exceed four double-spaced typewritten pages; groups of books may require additional length.
Book Reviews : Richard P. Nathan. Social Science in Government: Uses and Misuses. New York: Basic Books, 1988, 224 pp
Authors: Smith Shawnalynn
Published: March 2007

Books applicable to the broad field of program evaluation are reviewed. Books may be reviews singularly or in groups to illuminate similarities and differences in intent, philosophy, and usefulness. Persons with suggestions of books to be reviewed or those who wish to submit a review should contact Barbara Searle (940 25th St., N. W., Apt. 11 4S, Washington, DC 20037) for specific instructions. In general, a review of an individual book should not exceed four double-spaced typewritten pages; groups of books may require additional length.
Instillation of 3% Hydrogen Peroxide or Distilled Vinegar in Urethral Catheter Drainage Bag to Decrease Catheter-Associated Bacteriuria
Authors: Washington Eric A.
Published: March 2007

Patients with indwelling catheters acquire urinary tract infections at a rate of5% per day. After 30 days of catheterization, there is a 78% to 95% incidence of bacteriuria, despite the use of meticulous catheter care. Research studies on reducing the development of bacteriuria have focused on the propagation of bacteria within the catheter drainage bag. This research proposal sought to determine the effects of instillation of 3% hydrogen peroxide versus distilled vinegar in urethral catheter drainage bags to decrease bacteriuria in 20 long-termcatheterized patients. Baseline urine cultures for control and test mediums showed no significant difference in rates of bacteriuria. However, urine cultures obtained at the 48-hour interval showed significant reduction in bacteriuria in urinary bags irrigated with vinegar. The implications this study has for nursing practice include a need for further research using a larger number of subjects and a need for improvements in the design of the catheter drainage system.
State of the Art: Interdisciplinary Collaboration for Health Professional Education in Genetics
Authors: Monsen Rita Black
Published: March 2007

Nursing has a long and productive history of interdisciplinary cooperation in providing education to nurses as well as other professionals. Interdisciplinary education is effective in socializing students and practicing clinicians for practice incorporating new discoveries, in areas such as genetics, for continuing relevance in health care delivery. The National Coalition for Health Professional Education in Genetics (NCHPEG), established in 1996 with the cooperation of the American Nurses Association, the American Medical Association, and the National Human Genome Research Institute at the National Institutes of Health, has provided leadership in bringing advances in genetics to the nation’s care providers in nearly all health-related disciplines. Nursing plays a key role in this model initiative aimed at new genetic discoveries to improve the health care of all Americans.
Bright Lights and the Pastoral Idyll
Authors: Reynolds Michael
Published: March 2007

The idea of community underlies much of the more participative, if not experiential, approaches to management education and development. More recently the idea has entered the conceptual vocabulary of the `learning organization'. The appeal of community lies in its implied promise of solidarity, belonging, and a sense of personal significance. But these promises can mask darker tendencies towards coercion and the assimilation of differences. This article offers a critique of the notion of community. It proposes an alternative basis for a management pedagogy in which differences are the grounds for debate, dispute and understanding, rather than the reason for assimilation or exclusion.
From Partnership to Resistance: Unions and Organizational Learning at Ericsson Infocom
Authors: Huzzard Tony
Published: March 2007

In recognizing that much mainstream literature on organizational learning is overwhelmingly managerial, this article explores learning as an appropriate framework for studying organizations at the level of sub-systems or subcultures. It is thus argued that there is an interesting agenda to be pursued by the critical researcher on seeing organizational learning as a means of analysing both co-operation and conflict over the labour process from a bottom-up perspective. In practical terms, in highly organized contexts with established collective bargaining, this means study of collective learning in workplace trade union organizations. The setting of Ericsson Infocom at Norrképing, Sweden, is selected for empirical study. An adaptation of Dixon's model of experiential organizational learning of the local unions identifies two distinct modes of learning, each reflecting different post-Fordist strategies for managing the labour process: initially multiskilled teamworking and subsequently outsourcing. The former mode reflects the actions and discourse of negotiated partnership with the employer, whilst the latter reflects the actions and discourse of resistance.
An Example of Managing the Knowledge Creation Process for a Small Work Group
Authors: Salisbury Mark
Published: March 2007

This article introduces an example project to describe a knowledge creation process and a practical mechanism for capturing and disseminating knowledge in a small working group. The needs analysis, design process, development process, and performance environment phases are described for the knowledge creation process. As the practical mechanism, a knowledge base is used for capturing the expertise of individuals and making it available to other members of the group. The knowledge base grows as members of the group solve new problems and enter that expertise into the knowledge base. Productivity increases as members consult the knowledge base, adapt and use solutions that were developed by other members of the group. Finally, the limitations of the approach are described and future directions for research are discussed.
Moving Forward from Self-Development
Authors: Burgoyne J.G.
Published: March 2007

This paper is an attempt to identify the main problems, both in theory and practice, in using 'self-development' approaches to developing managers. It is argued that the strong emphasis on individuality in most current concepts of 'self' is a basic couse of many of these current problems. It is suggested that a notion of partial individuality offers a resolution of some of the intellectual puzzles about self-development. It is also suggested that approaches based on this idea may deal with the 'practical' problems of self-development seeming to be 'selfish' development and undermining the value of collective and co-operative action.
Beginner's Way
Authors: McCullough J.
Published: March 2007

The title of this column indicates a means of getting in touch with ideas and people which other media cannot reach! A wide freedom of expression - both in content and in form - is offered to contributors. Please send your contribu tions to: MIKE PEDLER, Department of Management Studies, Sheffield City Polytechnic, Dyson House, Sheffield S1 1WB. Tel: 0742 738621.
Formative Evaluation — The Effect of Group Development
Authors: Gibson Martin
Published: March 2007

The paper considers some of the problems involved in the interpretation of partici pants' evaluations of management development programmes. In particular it argues that in the case of participative "open evaluation" sessions, it is important to recognise that participants' attitudes and feelings towards the learning group may influence the evaluation process and its outcomes. The paper concludes by identify ing the range of interventions the tutor may take once such attitudes or feelings are revealed.
Managing by Learning
Authors: Burgoyne John G.
Published: March 2007

There are three things that I attempt in this paper. First, to communicate what I personally mean by Management Learning, on the basis of 17 years of work on the topic at Lancaster. Second, to say something about the theme implied by the title of this paper, `Managing by Learning' (managing is, in an important sense, learning on behalf of organizations). Third, to comment on the state of management development and of management education in this country and in general. This is a personal opinion, based on work in Management Learning at Lancaster, on contemporary management and development policy issues.
From `Learning Organization' to `Teaching-Learning Organization'?
Authors: French Robert , Bazalgette John
Published: March 2007

The influence of the idea of learning as a fundamental organizational process has been remarkable, as has the speed of its development and spread. `Organizational Learning' and `the Learning Organization' are well established in the literature on organizations and increasingly in use within organizations too. They offer important insights for all those involved in work with organizations and their management. The questions raised in this paper, however, concern the `other side' of learning, as a human activity, namely: teaching. We argue that all organizations include experiences and activities which can be described as `teaching' and `learning', but despite being as intrinsic to and as firmly embedded in organization as learning, teaching has been ignored as an organizational process and needs attention in its own right, if the picture is to be complete-hence the title of this paper.
What about the Workers?
Authors: Danieli Ardha , Thomas Alan B.
Published: March 2007

Scholarly interest in the work of managers and the nature of management has grown rapidly in the last few decades as management education has become established on a large scale in Britain's universities. Management education has, in turn, become the focus of a considerable amount of attention, largely in terms of its pedagogical and research practice and institutional organization. Yet as a form of work engaged in by a particular segment of the academic labour force it has received less critical scrutiny. Moreover, management educators have seldom themselves been considered worthy of investigation. In this article we sketch out a rationale for an investigation of this kind. We propose that such a study is timely for three main reasons: (a) because academic work, of which management education is a part, has been neglected as an object of research, (b) because management education is now a major activity in Britain's universities, and (c) because academic work in general and management education in particular have been exposed to significant changes in recent years whose implications are poorly understood. In addition, we report some results from a small exploratory interview study of university management educators which addressed a variety of questions concerning management education as work. We suggest that, undertaken on a broader scale, such an investigation could make an important contribution to our understanding of management education as a form of academic work in a context of change.
Organizations and Humiliation: Looking beyond Elias
Authors: Smith Dennis
Published: March 2007

Elias's approach to the civilizing process is discussed and some of its limitations outlined. An alternative approach focusing upon humiliation is introduced. The paper argues that humiliation processes play an important part in organizations and in the broader social environment in which they are embedded. It is also claimed that to understand humiliation it is necessary to grasp its relationship to hierarchy, history and human rights. That means first stepping back so that the broader socio-historical framework can be considered, then moving back in close to see how humiliation mechanisms may work in particular organizational contexts. A typology of humiliation mechanisms is introduced, humiliation is distinguished from shame and an interpretation of certain macro-historical developments is outlined in terms of humiliation processes. The preceding analysis lays the groundwork for a typology of organizations with particular reference to their implications for humiliation. The concluding part suggests a research agenda and draws the argument together.
`Mobilizing Masculinities': Women's Experiences of Men at
Authors: Martin Patricia Yancey
Published: March 2007

To understand gender relations in organizations, I use feminist standpoint theory and critical scholarship on men and masculinities to guide an analysis of accounts from six women about their experiences with/interpretations of men at work. Restricting these accounts to those in which women perceived men as not intending harm to themselves or other women, I conclude that men routinely act in concert to `mobilize masculinities' at work, that men routinely conflate masculinities and work dynamics, that often men are only liminally aware of mobilizing masculinities, and that women experience masculinities mobilization, especially when conflated with work, as harmful. The discussion notes how the gender institution makes men's masculinities mobilizing behavior possible, and shapes women's interpretations and experiences of these behaviors. To subvert gender practices that harm people, I call for more research on how these practices are mobilized and conflated with work relations.
Globalization, Multiculturalism and Other Fictions: Colonialism for the New Millennium?
Authors: Banerjee Subhabrata Bobby , Linstead Stephen
Published: March 2007

In this paper, we critically examine different discourses of globalization and explore how concepts of globalization have been represented in organizational theory. We argue that, despite its celebratory rhetoric of `one world, many peoples', notions of globalization are inextricably linked with the continued development of First World economies, creating new forms of colonial control in the so-called `post-colonial' era. Thus, globalization becomes the new global colonialism, based on the historical structure of capitalism and is a process that executes the objectives of colonialism with greater efficiency and rationalism. We discuss the economic, political, social and cultural aspects underlying globalization, and argue that the emergence of a so-called `global culture' is simply a process that marks the transformation to a culture of consumption. We interrogate the notions of diversity and multiculturalism, and argue that the successful management of diversity, presented as the new prerequisite for sustainable competitive advantage, effectively continues global colonialism. We argue that, despite the rhetoric of celebrating difference, multiculturalism does little more than facilitate assimilation within the dominant ideology. We examine the different structures and processes of globalization, and conclude by discussing the possibility of alternate theorizations and a discursive redefinition of globalization involving the creation of new spaces that can articulate alternate forms of economic and social realities.
Organization Theory in Turbulent Times: The Traces of Foucault's Ethics
Authors: Chan Andrew , Garrick John
Published: March 2007

Criticisms of postmodernism are examined in the context of social theory and its sub-field, organization theory. Criticisms centre on claims that postmodern organization theorists are preoccupied with indeterminancy of meaning, linguistic relativism and the `minutiae' of everyday life; and further, that Foucault-inspired postmodern organization theorists reject culture, history, and reason, and have little to offer in terms of ethics, action and change. We contest these criticisms as they apply to organizational analyses. The criticisms miss key elements of postmodern contributions to organization theory. We identify several fruitful seams, particularly in Foucault's later works, that contribute to a valuable ethos for postmodern organization theory. This article subjects this ethos to the same level of deconstruction to which it subjects its opponents. We argue that Foucault's insights on ethical action relate to institutional bases of discourses, and the effects of disciplinary knowledge on subjects. We link these insights to Bauman's `postmodern ethics' and to Sennett's research on the effects of `flexible capitalism', corporate restructuring, and ongoing institutional changes. Such connections bring a kind of analysis to organization studies that enables us to practically reassess our structures of recognition that constitute subjectivity and identity at work.
Business Beyond Modernity: Some Emerging Themes
Authors: Venkatesh Alladi
Published: March 2007

For this first issue we invited a number of contributors to 'speak out' about their potential agendas for a field of study called organization studies and thus a journal such as Organization. We asked for short pieces, each focusing on a particular issue of importance to its author. We also wanted pieces untrammelled by normal academic conventions. The authors were to feel free to speak as speculatively, provocatively, passionately, as they chose.
The Organization of Exclusion: Institutionalization of Sex Inequality, Gendered Faculty Jobs and Gendered Knowledge in Organizational Theory and Research
Authors: Martin Joanne
Published: March 2007

This paper discusses how institutionalized practices and structures contribute to sex inequality in universities, gendered definitions of faculty jobs and gendered limitations to knowledge in the field of organizational studies. This analysis shows why changing the numbers of women in academia (the `add women and stir' solution) is not likely to alter sex inequality in the organizational studies field unless major changes are made to the ways faculty jobs are structured and unless the assumption that the content of knowledge in our field is challenged.
New Prospects for British Labour
Authors: Kelly John , Waddington Jeremy
Published: March 2007

A recent pamphlet by Philip Bassett and Alan Cave argues that unions in the UK should adapt to the new individualism by establishing relations with members akin to those between the Automobile Association and its clients. Passive consumerism is to be accentuated and collectivism downplayed as Bassett and Cave recommend that individual membership services form the basis of union organization. This review rejects these arguments and the policy recommendations that arise from them, showing that they exaggerate the extent of individualization and fail to incorporate any consideration of power into their analysis. Bassett and Cave's recommendations are shown to be unattractive to trade unionists and potential members alike. Rather, this review argues for participative unionism as the basis for trade union organization, in which individual member services supplement rather than replace collective organization.
The Future, Disposable Organizations and the Rigidities of Imagination
Authors: March James G.
Published: March 2007

Predictions of the future of organizations are variations on a theme of fantasy: reliably incorrect and usefully seductive. To illustrate a few general points about the role of imagination in human existence, some predictions about the future of organizations are developed from an interpretation of the environments that will shape organizational survival. The predictions emphasize the adaptiveness of populations of rigid, disposable organizations as well as some of the problems of sustaining rigidity. Imaginations of the future are portrayed as instruments of the organizational obstinacy required by such an adaptive system. Mention is made of one or two of the consequences of robbing fantasy of its innocence in this way.