bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Aggressive Plurihormonal Pituitary Adenoma With Thyrotropin, Growth Hormone, and Prolactin Excess
Authors: Goh QingCi , Low YenNee , Abd Rani Nor Haizura Binti , Tong ChinVoon
Published: March 2023

A 31-year-old gentleman presented with clinical hyperthyroidism, goiter, bitemporal hemianopia, and discordant thyroid function test. The high α-subunit and absence of throtropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone; TSH) response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation indicated a TSH-secreting pituitary tumor. Elevation in prolactin and growth hormone as well as secondary hypogonadism were also observed. A sellar-suprasellar mass displacing the optic chiasm was revealed upon magnetic resonance imaging. The patient was rendered euthyroid with carbimazole and Lugol's iodine before undergoing endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery. Due to the incomplete tumor excision during surgery, patient experienced recurrence of symptoms and rising thyroxine (T4) with nonsuppressed TSH. The histopathology examination demonstrated a plurihormonal tumor with positive immunohistochemical stain for TSH, growth hormone, and prolactin, with invasive and proliferative features. Subsequently he was initiated with a long-acting somatostatin analogue and underwent stereotactic radiosurgery. To date, his symptoms have improved, with a reduction of insulin-like growth factor 1 and normalization of other pituitary hormones as well as a slightly reduced size of the pituitary tumor.
The Mark of the Detail: Universalism, Type, Difference
Authors: Zhang Dora
Published: March 2023

Departing from the premise that novelistic details particularize and locate characters in a sociocultural matrix, this essay examines what happens to the detail in texts that refuse certain norms of specification. The essay focuses on the French writer Anne F. Garréta’s novel Sphinx (1986), which avoids all linguistic markers of gender for its central pair of lovers, and Toni Morrison’s short story “Recitatif” (1983), which never reveals the racial identities of its two protagonists, one of whom is white and one Black. Drawing on Georg Lukács’s discussion of realism and typicality, the essay considers how these unmarked texts mediate between individual and type, as well as their approaches to the representation of difference.
Hybrid Structure Analysis: Accurate and Precise Determination of the Structure Parameters of Mono- and Bimetallic Spinels by Iterative and Alternating Refinements of Powder X-ray Diffraction and X-ray Absorption Fine Structure
Authors: Adachi Kiyohiro , Li Ailong , Kong Shuang , Nakamura Ryuhei , Hashizume Daisuke
Published: March 2023

Structure parameters, such as bond length, bond angle, and occupancy of each atomic site, considerably affect the activity of solid catalysts and the physical properties of electronic and magnetic materials. Precise structure analysis, including accurate estimation of these parameters by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), is very important in the development of materials. Occupancy, however, is highly correlated with atomic displacement parameters, making determining accurate values by PXRD difficult, particularly in cases where atoms with similar atomic numbers share the same site. Here, we present an accurate and precise hybrid structure analysis of two electrocatalysts, spinels Co3O4 and Co2MnO4, combining the advantages of both PXRD and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS). More accurate information on the bond length and the distribution of chemical species by XAFS was incorporated into the precise Rietveld refinement of PXRD data. Accurate and precise structure parameters, including occupancy of each atom, were determined using the proposed method, which could be a useful basis for clarifying the mechanism of catalytic reactions.
Eighteen-Month Changes in Physical Activity, Body Weight, Quadriceps Strength, and Gait Biomechanics during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: BRISSON NICHOLAS M. , KRAHL LEONIE A. N. , KRÄMER MARTIN , REICHENBACH JÜRGEN R. , DUDA GEORG N.
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This study assessed the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions/lockdowns on physical activity levels, body mass, quadriceps strength, and gait biomechanics over 18 months.

Methods

Ten healthy men were assessed at baseline (~14 wk before first lockdown) and 17.9 ± 0.3 months later (<1 wk after second lockdown). At both times, physical activity levels, body mass, and quadriceps strength were acquired using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, a force plate, and a dynamometer, respectively. Gait data were also acquired using a motion capture system and force plates during self-paced walking, from which spatiotemporal parameters, knee angles, and external moments were computed. Baseline and follow-up measurements were compared using two-tailed paired t-tests (α = 0.05).

Results

At follow-up, participants spent less time doing vigorous physical activity (∆ = −76 ± 157 min·wk−1, P = 0.048), exhibited a tendency toward increased sedentary time (∆ = +120 ± 162 min·d−1, P = 0.056), weighed more (∆ = +2.5 ± 2.8 kg, P = 0.021), and showed a trend toward reduced quadriceps strength (∆ = −0.29 ± 0.45 (N·m)·kg−1, P = 0.071) compared with baseline. At follow-up, participants walked slower (∆ = −0.09 ± 0.07 m·s−1, P = 0.005), had greater knee flexion angles at heel strike (∆ = +2.2° ± 1.8°, P = 0.004) and during late stance (∆ = +2.2° ± 1.8°, P = 0.004), had reduced knee extension moments (∆ = −0.09 ± 0.09 (N·m)·kg−1, P = 0.012) and knee internal rotation moments (∆ = −0.02 ± 0.02 (N·m)·kg−1, P = 0.012) during late stance.

Conclusions

Healthy men exhibited reduced physical activity levels, increased body weight, a tendency toward reduced quadriceps strength, and altered gait biomechanics over the initial 18 months of the COVID-19 pandemic—alterations that could have far-reaching health consequences.
Predictor Selection and Machine Learning Regression Methods to Predict Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity From a Large Public Soil Database
Authors: Adjuik Toby A. , Nokes Sue E. , Montross Michael , Sama Michael Patrick , Wendroth Ole
Published: March 2023

Highlights

In this study, six machine learning (ML) models were developed using a large database of soils to predict saturated hydraulic conductivity of these soils using easily measured soil characteristics.

Tree-based regression models outperformed all other ML models tested.

Neural networks were not suitable for predicting saturated hydraulic conductivity.

Clay content, followed by bulk density, explained the highest amount of variation in the data of the predictors examined.

Abstract. One of the most important soil hydraulic properties for modeling water transport in the vadose zone is saturated hydraulic conductivity. However, it is challenging to measure it in the field. Pedotransfer Functions (PTFs) are mathematical models that can predict saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) from easily measured soil characteristics. Though the development of PTFs for predicting Ks is not new, the tools and methods used to predict Ks are continuously evolving. Model performance depends on choosing soil features that explain the largest amount of Ks variance with the fewest input variables. In addition, the lack of interpretability in most “black box” machine learning models makes it difficult to extract practical knowledge as the machine learning process obfuscates the relationship between inputs and outputs in the PTF models. The objective of this study was to develop a set of new PTFs for predicting Ks using machine learning algorithms and a large database of over 8000 soil samples (the Florida Soil Characterization Database) while incorporating statistical methods to inform predictor selection for the model inputs. Of the machine learning (ML) models tested, random forest regression (RF) and gradient-boosted regression (GB) gave the best performances, with R2 = 0.71 and RMSE = 0.47 cm h-1 on the test data for both. Using the permutation feature importance technique, the GB and RF regression models showed similar results, where clay content described the most variation in the data, followed by bulk density. The implication of this study is that, when predicting Ks using the Florida Soil Characterization Database, priority should be given to obtaining quality data on clay content and bulk density as they are the most influential predictors for estimating Ks. Keywords: Deep learning, Gradient boosted regression, Pedotransfer functions, Random forest regression, Soil database, Soil properties.
Simplified Modeling of High-Solids Anaerobic Digestion of Dairy Manure in a Pilot-Scale Stirred Tank Anaerobic Digester
Authors: Kariyama Ibrahim Denka , Li Weixiang , Yu Shaoqi , Chen Long , Qi Rui , Zhang Hao , Li Xiaxia , Deng Xin , Lin Jian , Wu Binxin , Wu Binxin
Published: March 2023

Highlights

HSAD is a cost-effective approach for managing high-solids manure.

Batch digestion of HSAD at a low inoculum ratio is unsuitable.

Mixing once a day was enough to maintain a stable digestion process.

The stoichiometric method with an appropriate biodegradability factor provided perfect prediction.

Simplified biokinetics can predict methane productivity at steady-state conditions.

Abstract. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is considered one of the most effective methods of managing dairy manure. To effectively and economically treat the huge volumes of manure produced by commercial dairy farms, high-solids anaerobic digestion (HSAD) is to be encouraged. In this manuscript, batch and semi-continuous anaerobic digestion experiments of dairy manure with a high volatile solid (VS) content were conducted in a pilot-scale stirred digester with an effective volume of 1.63 m3, operated under mesophilic temperature conditions. Three intermittent mixing treatments (50, 100, and 150 rpm) were mixed once a day during feeding with a constant mixing duration of 5 minutes, including a non-mixed experiment, operating at a 30-day hydraulic retention time. The objectives were to determine an optimum mixing intensity to enhance HSAD efficiency and economy and to apply simplified models to model the digestion process. The simplified kinetic models were modified to accurately predict methane growth, yield, and production rates. The modified Gompertz growth model predicted the methane growth at the batch experiment perfectly. The first-order kinetic model predictions of the biodegradability factor, the specific methane yield, and the specific methane production rate were consistent with the batch experimental results. The stoichiometric method and the Karim model were modified to accurately model the effect of mixing intensity on the methane yield and the specific methane production rate. Three linear equations were successfully developed to predict the methane production rate. Optimized mixing intensity and organic loading rate are critical for high methane production rates. This study contributes to the ongoing research to improve the efficiency of HSAD. Keywords: Dairy manure, High-solids anaerobic digestion, Methane productivity, Mixing intensity.
Artificial Medjool Date Fruit Bunch Image Synthesis: Towards Thinning Automation
Authors: Bar-Shira Or , Cohen Yosef , Shoshan Tal , Bechar Avital , Sadowsky Avraham , Cohen Yuval , Berman Sigal
Published: March 2023

Highlights

Medjool date fruit bunches can be modeled in 3D based on structural decomposition and the use of Bezier curves.

The 3D model can be used for generating artificial image datasets of Medjool fruit bunches.

The annotated image datasets can be used to develop robust algorithms for robotic Medjool date thinning.

Algorithms for determining the required thinning length are a prerequisite for Medjool date thinning automation.

Abstract. Medjool is a premium date cultivar, and the market demands high-quality fruits, for which specific horticultural practices, including timely and efficient fruitlet thinning, are required. Currently, thinning the fruitlets is one of the most labor-intensive tasks in the Medjool cultivation cycle, and there is a need to develop methods for automating the thinning process. An algorithm determining the required thinning is a prerequisite for advancing toward thinning automation. An annotated Medjool fruit bunch image dataset is necessary for developing such an algorithm using state-of-the-art machine learning methods. Acquiring such a dataset is difficult and costly. The difficulty can be alleviated by using synthetic images. However, current methods for generating synthetic plant images are unsuitable for Medjool dates due to their geometrical features. The current work suggests a method for generating artificial images of Medjool fruit bunches from a 3D model based on structural decomposition into plant parts and the use of Bezier curves. Nineteen model variables and their distributions were defined for fruit bunch model generation. The models and synthetic images generated based on the models were verified by two plant physiologists who are experts in Medjool date cultivation. Fruit-bunch features were extracted from the generated images and used for learning the required remaining length of the spikelets after thinning using kernel estimation. The estimation was tested for images of two whorl-period combinations (Top-Early and Middle-Middle). The average scaled absolute estimation errors for both periods were very low (less than 1%). Keywords: Bezier curves, Kernel estimation, Medjool dates, Synthetic data, Thinning.
Response of Physiological Growth Characteristics of Rice to Different Biodegradable Mulching and Irrigation Methods in Cold Region of Northeast China
Authors: Li Jizhen , liu jilong , Zhang Lingling , Lv Hang , Cao Xiaoqiang , Liu Qianqian , Cao Ran , Wang Zhizhuo , Dong Ze , Wang Kexin , Idimesheva Olga
Published: March 2023

Highlights

The tested biodegradable mulch film can be rapidly degraded in rice fields in cold regions and has good applicability.

The degradation rate of white mulch film is faster than that of black film before the induction period, and the degradation law after the induction period is opposite.

The combination of mulching film and water-saving irrigation can effectively enhance the photosynthetic capacity and dry matter transport of rice in cold regions.

Through comprehensive evaluation, we found that the combination of ridge irrigation and mulching FC plastic film has the best effect on environmental protection and rice growth.

Abstract. To reveal the mechanism of influence of different types of biodegradable plastic film mulching and irrigation combinations on the physiological growth characteristics of rice in cold regions, eight types of film mulching irrigation methods were designed, which combined four types of plastic film mulching and two types of irrigation methods for a total of nine treatments. The study analyzed the degradation law of degradable plastic film in rice fields in cold regions, and the effects of film-mulching irrigation methods on rice photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter transport, and rice yield. The results showed that the three biodegradable plastic films were suitable for the rice fields in the northeast cold region. Except for the jointing stage, mulching irrigation treatments could increase the chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of rice, and the improvement degree showed a downward trend with the growth of rice. The film mulching irrigation treatments improved rice stems and leaves dry matter transport and grain contribution. The comprehensive evaluation based on the comprehensive index method showed that the combination of ridge irrigation and thin black biodegradable mulch is the best combination of biodegradable plastic film mulching and irrigation in the study area. Keywords: Biodegradable mulching, Comprehensive index method, Dry matter transportation, Irrigation method, Photosynthetic character.
Data heterogeneity in federated learning with Electronic Health Records: Case studies of risk prediction for acute kidney injury and sepsis diseases in critical care
Authors: Rajendran Suraj , Xu Zhenxing , Pan Weishen , Ghosh Arnab , Wang Fei
Published: March 2023

With the wider availability of healthcare data such as Electronic Health Records (EHR), more and more data-driven based approaches have been proposed to improve the quality-of-care delivery. Predictive modeling, which aims at building computational models for predicting clinical risk, is a popular research topic in healthcare analytics. However, concerns about privacy of healthcare data may hinder the development of effective predictive models that are generalizable because this often requires rich diverse data from multiple clinical institutions. Recently, federated learning (FL) has demonstrated promise in addressing this concern. However, data heterogeneity from different local participating sites may affect prediction performance of federated models. Due to acute kidney injury (AKI) and sepsis’ high prevalence among patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU), the early prediction of these conditions based on AI is an important topic in critical care medicine. In this study, we take AKI and sepsis onset risk prediction in ICU as two examples to explore the impact of data heterogeneity in the FL framework as well as compare performances across frameworks. We built predictive models based on local, pooled, and FL frameworks using EHR data across multiple hospitals. The local framework only used data from each site itself. The pooled framework combined data from all sites. In the FL framework, each local site did not have access to other sites’ data. A model was updated locally, and its parameters were shared to a central aggregator, which was used to update the federated model’s parameters and then subsequently, shared with each site. We found models built within a FL framework outperformed local counterparts. Then, we analyzed variable importance discrepancies across sites and frameworks. Finally, we explored potential sources of the heterogeneity within the EHR data. The different distributions of demographic profiles, medication use, and site information contributed to data heterogeneity.
Explainable AI identifies diagnostic cells of genetic AML subtypes
Authors: Hehr Matthias , Sadafi Ario , Matek Christian , Lienemann Peter , Pohlkamp Christian , Haferlach Torsten , Spiekermann Karsten , Marr Carsten
Published: March 2023

Explainable AI is deemed essential for clinical applications as it allows rationalizing model predictions, helping to build trust between clinicians and automated decision support tools. We developed an inherently explainable AI model for the classification of acute myeloid leukemia subtypes from blood smears and found that high-attention cells identified by the model coincide with those labeled as diagnostically relevant by human experts. Based on over 80,000 single white blood cell images from digitized blood smears of 129 patients diagnosed with one of four WHO-defined genetic AML subtypes and 60 healthy controls, we trained SCEMILA, a single-cell based explainable multiple instance learning algorithm. SCEMILA could perfectly discriminate between AML patients and healthy controls and detected the APL subtype with an F1 score of 0.86±0.05 (mean±s.d., 5-fold cross-validation). Analyzing a novel multi-attention module, we confirmed that our algorithm focused with high concordance on the same AML-specific cells as human experts do. Applied to classify single cells, it is able to highlight subtype specific cells and deconvolve the composition of a patient’s blood smear without the need of single-cell annotation of the training data. Our large AML genetic subtype dataset is publicly available, and an interactive online tool facilitates the exploration of data and predictions. SCEMILA enables a comparison of algorithmic and expert decision criteria and can present a detailed analysis of individual patient data, paving the way to deploy AI in the routine diagnostics for identifying hematopoietic neoplasms.
Increased hepatic interleukin-1, arachidonic acid, and reactive oxygen species mediate the protective potential of peptides shared by gut cysteine peptidases against Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice
Authors: Tallima Hatem , El Ridi Rashika
Published: March 2023

Background

Multiple antigen peptide (MAP) construct of peptide with high homology to Schistosoma mansoni cathepsin B1, MAP-1, and to cathepsins of the L family, MAP-2, consistently induced significant (P < 0.05) reduction in challenge S. mansoni worm burden. It was, however, necessary to modify the vaccine formula to counteract the MAP impact on the parasite egg counts and vitality, and discover the mechanisms underlying the vaccine protective potential.

Methodology

Outbred mice were immunized with MAP-2 in combination with alum and/or MAP-1. Challenge infection was performed three weeks (wks) after the second injection. Blood and liver pieces were obtained on an individual mouse basis, 23 days post-infection (PI), a time of S. mansoni development and feeding in the liver before mating. Serum samples were examined for the levels of circulating antibodies and cytokines. Liver homogenates were used for assessment of liver cytokines, uric acid, arachidonic acid (ARA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. Parasitological parameters were evaluated 7 wks PI.

Principal findings

Immunization of outbred mice with MAP-2 in combination with alum and/or MAP-1 elicited highly significant (P < 0.005) reduction of around 60% in challenge S. mansoni worm burden and no increase in worm eggs’ loads or vitality, compared to unimmunized or alum pre-treated control mice. Host memory responses to the immunogens are expected to be expressed in the liver stage when worm feeding and cysteine peptidases release start to be active. Serum antibody and cytokine levels were not significantly different between control and vaccinated mouse groups. Highly significant (P < 0.05 - <0.0001) increase in liver interleukin-1, ARA, and ROS content was recorded in MAP-immunized compared to control mice.

Conclusion/Significance

The findings provided an explanation for the gut cysteine peptidases vaccine-mediated reduction in challenge worm burden and increase in egg counts.
Study protocol for a phase III randomised controlled trial of Sailuotong (SLT) for vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease with cerebrovascular disease
Authors: Karamacoska Diana , Chan Daniel K. Y. , Leung Isabella , Liu Jian-xun , Brodaty Henry , Fahey Paul P. , Bensoussan Alan , Chang Dennis H.
Published: March 2023

Vascular dementia (VaD) accounts for 15–20% of all dementia cases. It is a syndrome of acquired cognitive impairment with a complex pathophysiological basis. A novel herbal formulation (Sailuotong; SLT) consisting of Panax ginseng C.A Mey, Ginkgo biloba L and Crocus sativus L extracts was developed to treat VaD. Preclinical animal studies found significant improvements in memory and in pathogenic biochemical parameters. Appropriate safety of SLT was shown in acute and chronic toxicity studies, and early clinical trials of SLT demonstrated enhancements in cognition in VaD patients. A fully powered study with a long intervention period is needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of this novel intervention. A rigorous phase III clinical trial was developed with the aim of recruiting 238 patients diagnosed with mild to moderate probable VaD, or VaD mixed with Alzheimer’s disease (where cerebrovascular disease is the clinical dominant contributor to dementia, abbreviated as CVD+AD). Using a permuted block strategy, participants will be randomly allocated to receive SLT (120 mg bd) or placebo capsules for an intervention period of 52 weeks and will be followed-up for an additional 13 weeks. The primary outcome measures are the Vascular Dementia Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale and Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study-Activities of Daily Living scale. Secondary outcome measures include the Clinician’s Interview Based Impression of Change-Plus, CLOX, EXIT-25, Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Clinician rating scale, and Dementia Quality of Life questionnaire. Safety is assessed through adverse event reports and liver, renal, and coagulation studies. Primary and secondary outcome measures will be compared between treatment and placebo groups, using intention to treat and per protocol analyses. We hypothesise that a 52-week treatment of SLT will be clinically effective and well tolerated in participants with VaD or AD+CVD. This project will provide vital efficacy and safety data for this novel treatment approach to VaD.
New estimates of genome size in Orthoptera and their evolutionary implications
Authors: Hawlitschek Oliver , Sadílek David , Dey Lara-Sophie , Buchholz Katharina , Noori Sajad , Baez Inci Livia , Wehrt Timo , Brozio Jason , Trávníček Pavel , Seidel Matthias , Husemann Martin
Published: March 2023

Animal genomes vary widely in size, and much of their architecture and content remains poorly understood. Even among related groups, such as orders of insects, genomes may vary in size by orders of magnitude–for reasons unknown. The largest known insect genomes were repeatedly found in Orthoptera, e.g., Podisma pedestris (1C = 16.93 pg), Stethophyma grossum (1C = 18.48 pg) and Bryodemella holdereri (1C = 18.64 pg). While all these species belong to the suborder of Caelifera, the ensiferan Deracantha onos (1C = 19.60 pg) was recently found to have the largest genome. Here, we present new genome size estimates of 50 further species of Ensifera (superfamilies Gryllidea, Tettigoniidea) and Caelifera (Acrididae, Tetrigidae) based on flow cytometric measurements. We found that Bryodemella tuberculata (Caelifera: Acrididae) has the so far largest measured genome of all insects with 1C = 21.96 pg (21.48 gBp). Species of Orthoptera with 2n = 16 and 2n = 22 chromosomes have significantly larger genomes than species with other chromosome counts. Gryllidea genomes vary between 1C = 0.95 and 2.88 pg, and Tetrigidae between 1C = 2.18 and 2.41, while the genomes of all other studied Orthoptera range in size from 1C = 1.37 to 21.96 pg. Reconstructing ancestral genome sizes based on a phylogenetic tree of mitochondrial genomic data, we found genome size values of >15.84 pg only for the nodes of Bryodemella holdereri / B. tuberculata and Chrysochraon dispar / Euthystira brachyptera. The predicted values of ancestral genome sizes are 6.19 pg for Orthoptera, 5.37 pg for Ensifera, and 7.28 pg for Caelifera. The reasons for the large genomes in Orthoptera remain largely unknown, but a duplication or polyploidization seems unlikely as chromosome numbers do not differ much. Sequence-based genomic studies may shed light on the underlying evolutionary mechanisms.
Neuromuscular and balance adaptations following basketball-specific training programs based on combined drop jump and multidirectional repeated sprint versus multidirectional plyometric training
Authors: Brini Seifeddine , Boullosa Daniel , Calleja-González Julio , Ramirez-Campillo Rodrigo , Nobari Hadi , Castagna Carlo , Clemente Filipe Manuel , Ardigò Luca Paolo
Published: March 2023

Multidirectional jumping and repeated sprint ability are crucial performance factors in basketball. The main aim of this investigation was to examine the neuromuscular performance and body balance adaptations following basketball-specific combined training programs based on drop jump and multidirectional repeated sprint versus multidirectional plyometric training. Forty-two professional basketball male players participated in the current investigation and were randomly assigned to three groups: a combined group (COMB; n = 14), a multidirectional jump group (MJG; n = 14) and an active control group (CON; n = 14). The COMB and the MJG groups completed the 8-week training programs with two weekly sessions while the CON continued their usual training. The static and dynamic balance tests, the repeated sprint ability test (IRSA5COD), the T–change of direction (CoD) test, the vertical jump tests, the five time-jump test (FJT) were performed by participants before and after the intervention period. The results showed a significant main effect of time with remarkable improvements at the end of the intervention (P < 0.001, effect size small/moderate) except the physiological parameters for IRSA5COD. Only, significant group × time interactions for body balance, T-CoD test, IRSA5COD (total time and best time), and jump tests were found (P < 0.001, effect size from trivial to moderate). Bonferroni corrected post-hoc tests revealed significantly greater improvement in favor of COMB compared to MJG for body balance, CoD and IRSA5COD (P < 0.005, effect size small/moderate). Otherwise, no significant differences between COMB and MJG concerning jump performances were found. Combined drop jump and multidirectional repeated sprint training program lead to significantly better neuromuscular performance, body balance and CoD in professional basketball players when compared with an usual training.
Novas abordagens para o estudo da História das Mulheres: entre os gêneros, a igualdade e a liberdade; Resenha de Ancona, R.; Tsouvala, G. (eds.) New Directions in the Study of Women in the Greco-Roman World (2021)
Authors: Gontijo Leite Priscilla , Pelluci Duarte Mortoza Marina
Published: March 2023

Resenha de Ancona, R.; Tsouvala, G. (eds.) New Directions in the Study of Women in the Greco-Roman World (2021)
Conversion of Waves Under Different Gravitational Field Intensity Area
Authors: Palchoudhury ‎ Sankar
Published: March 2023

Natural disturbances in the gravitational field cause light, infrared, x-ray, and other waves. We define a complete wave as having two parts: a crest and a trough. A complete wave represents a single frequency. Every wave is initially powered at the source along with its wavelength and amplitude, which all vary with the gravitational field intensity in subsequent steps. A/λ has a significant impact on the wave's power. A gravitational wave is a converted wave, because of its changing power due to the changing intensity of the gravitational field.
HAMBATAN TEKNIS PENYIDIKAN TINDAK PIDANA MANIPULASI INFORMASI ELEKTRONIK PADA POLDA SUMATERA BARAT
Authors: Fitriati Fitriati , Faniyah Iyah , Rahmad Nisep
Published: March 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan membahas hambatan teknis dalam penyidikan tindak pidana manipulasi informasi elektronik dan/atau dokumen elektronik oleh penyidik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis empiris dengan menggunakan data hukum primer dan sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hambatan teknis yang terjadi pada pemeriksaan saksi dan korban pada proses penyidikan, sebab saksi hanya mengetahui setelah kejadian berlangsung karena menerima dampak dari serangan yang dilancarkan. Data serangan di log server sudah dihapus terjadi pada kasus deface, sehingga penyidik kesulitan mencari log statistik di server sebab secara otomatis server menghapus log yang ada untuk mengurangi beban server. Maka penyidik harus melakukan kerjasama dengan penyidik negara lain. Selanjutnya dengan menggunakan keterangan atau pendapat para ahli telematika yang mempunyai keahlian di bidangnya, agar dapat jadi pertimbangan bagi hakim ketika memutus suatu perkara.
Chemical compositions of Litsea umbellata and inhibition activities
Authors: Trung Tu Quang , Hiep Hoang Phu , Van Khang Pham
Published: March 2023

Litsea umbellata (Lour.) Merr. is a plant commonly grown in Vietnam and some Asian countries. The plant is used in traditional medicines and exhibits significant biological activities. However, the sesquiterpenes’ extraction in the essential oil (EO) of L. umbellata harvested from the northern region of Vietnam has been limitedly known. Therefore, in the present study, the L. umbellata leaves and stem EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation method, then determined for the phytochemical profile by using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry system, and investigated the cytotoxicity activities against five cancer cell lines. Results have identified a total of 21 and 26 compounds in the EOs of L. umbellata leaves and stem, respectively, with the main sesquiterpene compounds being β-caryophyllene (16.87–11.04%), (+)-spathulenol (9.74–6.57%), β-caryophyllene oxide (26.12–18.34%), and (−)-spatulenol (11.08–8.8%). L. umbellata leaves exhibit significant anti-cancer activity with IC50 values ranging from 29.58 to 62.96 µg/ml. Otherwise, L. umbellata EOs also exhibited the good inhibition activities against DPPH free radical and three bacteria strains. The chemical constituents and cytotoxicity activity of L. umbellata EO stems have been reported for the first time and provided the future applications of this plant.
A numerical study of water based nanofluids in shell and tube heat exchanger
Authors: Gugulothu Ravi , Sanke Narsimhulu , Somanchi Naga Sarada , Normalla Vikas , Akter Farhana , Sunil Banoth Dhola Ykuntam
Published: March 2023

This numerical investigation is made to estimate the effect of Al2O3 and Cu nanofluids on heat transfer rate, friction factor and thermal performance factor of a shell and tube heat exchanger. Mass flow rates of shell side (water) fluid are varied. Water based nanofluids are used inside the tubes with 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05% volume concentrations of Al2O3 and Cu nanofluids. Nusselt number obtained from the present investigation is compared with Dittus–Bolter equation and Pongjet Pomvonge et al. and found to be in good agreement with a maximum deviation of 3%. The Nusselt number of the dispersed nanofluids increased with the increase of nanofluids volume concentrations and shell side mass flow rate. In this study, maximum enhancement in Nusselt number is 7.50%, 8.65%, and 9.61% for Al2O3, and 1.46%, 2.23%, and 3.18% for Cu nanofluid respectively at 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05% volume concentrations were compared to base fluid as water. Friction factor is highest by 58.00% at 0.05% volume concentration of Cu/H2O nanofluid when relate to Al2O3/H2O nanofluid. Thermal Enhancement factor achieved is highest for Al2O3/H2O nanofluid.
Prioritizing IoT adoption strategies in millennial farming: An analytical network process approach
Authors: Kusnandar Kusnandar , Harisudin Mohamad , Riptanti Erlyna Wida , Khomah Isti , Setyowati Nuning , Qonita Rr. Aulia
Published: March 2023

This research aimed to formulate priority strategies for adopting Internet of Things (IoT)-based innovation by millennial farmers in Central Java Province, Indonesia. This research uses quantitative methods. The two stages involved were exploring external factors using a political, economic, social, and technological approach and internal factors using the resource-based view approach including human resources, physical resources, and organizational resources. Interviews were conducted with 120 millennial farmers in ten regions of Central Java. This led to the formulation of alternative adoption strategies. Furthermore, the second stage was formulating strategic priorities using the analytical network process approach, involving purposively selected experts from policymakers in the government. According to the research, the most considered factors for IoT adoption strategies were relative advantage, social influence, and technology anxiety. In the relative advantage, the most prioritized sub-factor was business profit. The most prioritized technology anxiety sub-factor cluster was unfamiliar with using IoT. The most prioritized social influence sub-factor cluster was a personal relationship. The resulting strategic priorities were strengthening openness to change, IoT education to millennial farmers, optimizing the role of institutions, and socializing the benefits of IoT to millennial farmers. Openness to change motivates millennial farmers to achieve continuous and better innovation. Millennial farmers need to be prepared for the new experiences to come. Government support through education, intensive mentoring, and increasing the active role of farmer mentoring institutions accelerates the adoption of IoT by millennial farmers.
Synthesis of carbohydrate–BODIPY hybrids
Authors: Gomez Ana M. , Ventura Juan , Uriel Clara , Lopez Jose Cristobal
Published: March 2023

Owing to the relevance of fluorescently labeled carbohydrates in the study of biological processes, we have investigated several routes for the preparation of saccharides covalently linked to borondipyrromethene (BODIPY) fluorophores. We have shown that BODIPY dyes can be used as aglycons through synthetic saccharide protocols. In particular, a per-alkylated 8-(2-hydroxy-methylphenyl)-4,4′-dicyano-BODIPY derivative, which withstands glycosylation and protection/deprotection reaction conditions without decomposition, has been used in the stepwise synthesis of two fluorescently labeled trisaccharides. These saccharides displayed high water solubility and a low tendency to (H-)aggregation, a phenomenon that causes loss of photophysical efficiency in BODIPYs. Two additional synthetic strategies toward glyco-BODIPYs have also been described. The first method relies on a Ferrier-type C-glycosylation of the BODIPY core, leading to linker-free carbohydrate–BODIPY hybrids. Secondly, the application of the Nicholas propargylation reaction to 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl BODIPYs provides access to 2,6-dipropargylated BODIPYs that readily undergo CuAAC reactions with azido-containing sugars. From a photophysical standpoint, the BODIPY-labeled saccharides could be used as stable and fluorescent water-soluble chromophores, thereby addressing one of the current challenges in molecular imaging.
Solid-state molecular structures of Se(IV) and Te(IV) dihalides X2Se(CH3)(C6F5) and the gas-phase structure of Se(CH3)(C6F5)
Authors: Glodde Timo , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans-Georg , Mitzel Norbert W.
Published: March 2023

In a systematic study the Se(IV) and Te(IV) dihalides F2E(CH3)(C6F5), Cl2E(CH3)(C6F5) and Br2E(CH3)(C6F5) (E = Se, Te) have been synthesized and their crystal and molecular structures been investigated by X-ray diffraction and computational methods. The solid-state structures of all compounds show significant correlations between the lengths of the E–C1 bond and the intermolecular E···X (X = F, Cl and Br) contacts, indicating the presence of σ-hole interactions. For comparison, the crystal and gas phase (electron diffraction) structures of Se(CH3)(C6F5) are presented as well. They show very similar structural parameters in both phases. The structures of the single molecules X2E(CH3)(C6F5) have been analyzed by quantum-chemical methods in terms of their surface potentials. They show significant similarities of their molecular electrostatic-potential topologies (V
s,max). The magnitude of V
s,max correlates with the aggregation pattern.
Die Notwendigkeit iterativer Kommunikation in der Fabrikreorganisation
Authors: vom Stein Ninja , Jahangirkhani Tanya , Löwer Manuel , Nyhuis Peter
Published: March 2023

Zunehmend dynamische Märkte und kürzere Produktlebenszyklen zwingen Unternehmen zu kontinuierlichen Anpassungen ihrer Fabriken in Form von Reorganisationen. Um sicherzustellen, dass solche Reorganisationsprojekte erfolgreich umgesetzt werden können, ist es wichtig, dass das Qualitätsmanagement (QM) frühzeitig in die Fabrikplanung (FAP) integriert wird. In diesem Kontext müssen holistische Qualitätsmanagementsysteme (QMS) agiler und reaktionsfähiger gestaltet werden, um verändernden Anforderungen gerecht zu werden. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Ansatz zur Integration von Qualitätsmanagementsystemen in den Fabrikplanungsprozess nach VDI 5200 vorgestellt. Dazu werden Anforderungen abgeleitet und bestehende Ansätze im Hinblick auf diese bewertet.
Zielorientierte und kontextbasierte Baukostenabschätzung in der frühen Fabrikplanung
Authors: Cevirgen Cihan , Efremov Danil , Kerstgens Jonas , Rieke Leonard , Dersch Sebastian , Nyhuis Peter
Published: March 2023

Für komplexe Fabrikplanungsprojekte, wie z. B. die Neu- oder Erweiterungsplanung, ist in der Regel ein umfangreicher Kapitalbedarf erforderlich, der die finanziellen Unternehmensmittel stark belastet. Für die richtige Beurteilung der Wirtschaftlichkeit eines Fabrikplanungsprojektes ist eine Abschätzung der Baukosten von existenzieller Bedeutung. Oftmals ist unklar, wie die strategischen Ziele sowie kontextbasierten Rahmenbedingungen (z. B. Grundstück oder Fabrikbedarfe) die Baukosten beeinflussen. Dabei ist Letzteres für gewöhnlich ein ausschlaggebendes Auswahlkriterium. Dieser Beitrag stellt ein methodisches Vorgehen vor, mit dessen Hilfe Fabrikziele durch bauliche Maßnahmen konkretisiert und mit den Bedarfen der Fabrik in eine gemeinsame Beschreibungsbasis gebracht werden können. Das Ziel ist die Abschätzung von Baukosten zur Durchführung einer Vorstudie auf Grundlage vordefinierter Baustandards.
Umsetzung der Digitalisierung in der Produktentwicklung
Authors: Gerschütz Benjamin , Goetz Stefan , Wartzack Sandro
Published: March 2023

Die Produktentwicklung befindet sich in einer Transformation. Das etablierte Paradigma der virtuellen Produktentwicklung weicht zunehmend dem Digital Engineering. Insbesondere kleine und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) haben jedoch Probleme bei der Optimierung ihrer Prozesse durch Integration datengetriebener Methoden, da Ansätze zur zielgerichteten Prozessanalyse und Methodenidentifikation bislang fehlen. Der vorgestellte Ansatz stellt einen strukturierten Prozess zur Unterstützung der Integration datengetriebener Methoden in der Produktentwicklung zur Verfügung. Der Fokus liegt hierbei darauf, in bestehenden und etablierten Prozessen Anwendungsfälle für neuartige Methoden zu identifizieren und passende Methoden auszuwählen.
Zielgerichtete Gestaltung modularer Maschinen-Architekturen
Authors: Züfle Marc , Christian Berschik Markus , Rennpferdt Christoph , Krause Dieter
Published: March 2023

Für die Optimierung von Wertströmen ist die digitale Fabrik ein guter Lösungsansatz. In die Gestaltung digitaler Fabriken fließen verschiedene Aspekte mit ein – auf Prozess- und auf Produkt-/Systemseite. Letztere erstreckt sich von Bearbeitungszentren bis hin zu fahrerlosen Transportsystemen. Jedes dieser Produkte/Systeme muss eine entsprechende Architektur haben, die die Integration erleichtert. Die Gestaltung der Systemarchitektur sollte daher nicht vernachlässigt werden und ist essenzieller Teil der Entwicklung. Mit der methodischen Entwicklung modularer Architekturen werden Produkte/Systeme bei der Integration in digitale Fabriken unterstützt. In diesem Beitrag wird aufgezeigt, wie der Integrierte PKT-Ansatz zur Entwicklung von modularen Produktfamilien dies ermöglicht.
Digitale Assistenzsysteme strukturiert umsetzen
Authors: Keller Thimo , Stockinger Christopher
Published: March 2023

Digitale Assistenzlösungen ermöglichen – durch eine gezielte Unterstützung der Mitarbeitenden – eine papierlose und effiziente Produktion. So lassen sich Fehler deutlich reduzieren sowie die Produktivität, Flexibilität und Motivation steigern. Die Umsetzung ist jedoch für viele Unternehmen einen Herausforderung. AssistIng hat ein methodisches Vorgehen entwickelt, um die Auswahl und Implementierung Digitaler Assistenzsysteme zielgenau und effizient zu gestalten. Das Vorgehen basiert auf vier Schritten: Potenzialquantifizierung, Prozessanalyse, Systemauswahl und Gestaltung.
Disruptive Veränderungen in der Automobilindustrie bedingen neue Entwicklungsprozesse
Authors: Eigner Martin
Published: March 2023

Dieser Beitrag behandelt die Problemstellung, wie die vorgestellten Trends und Marktveränderungen speziell im Engineering-Prozess umgesetzt werden können. Die Digitalisierung der Produkte, Systeme und die darauf aufbauenden Dienstleistungen sowie Entwicklungsprozesse bedeuten eine Transformation, die die klassischen Grenzen von fragmentierten und konkurrierenden Prozess-, Methoden- und IT-Lösungen neu ordnet: weg vom Silodenken zu einem durchgängigen integrativen und interdisziplinären Lösungsansatz für das Engineering. Themen wie interdisziplinäre Systemarchitektur, Model Based Engineering und System Thinking werden als Vorgehensmodelle vorgestellt.
Two Hippo signaling modules orchestrate liver size and tumorigenesis
Authors: Qi Sixian , Zhong Zhenxing , Zhu Yuwen , Wang Yebin , Ma Mingyue , Wang Yu , Liu Xincheng , Jin Ruxin , Jiao Zhihan , Zhu Rui , Sha Zhao , Dang Kyvan , Liu Ying , Lim Dae‐Sik , Mao Junhao , Zhang Lei , Yu Fa‐Xing
Published: March 2023

The Hippo pathway is a central regulator of organ size and tumorigenesis and is commonly depicted as a kinase cascade, with an increasing number of regulatory and adaptor proteins linked to its regulation over recent years. Here, we propose that two Hippo signaling modules, MST1/2–SAV1–WWC1‐3 (HPO1) and MAP4K1‐7–NF2 (HPO2), together regulate the activity of LATS1/2 kinases and YAP/TAZ transcriptional co‐activators. In mouse livers, the genetic inactivation of either HPO1 or HPO2 module results in partial activation of YAP/TAZ, bile duct hyperplasia, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). On the contrary, inactivation of both HPO1 and HPO2 modules results in full activation of YAP/TAZ, rapid development of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), and early lethality. Interestingly, HPO1 has a predominant role in regulating organ size. HPO1 inactivation causes a homogenous YAP/TAZ activation and cell proliferation across the whole liver, resulting in a proportional and rapid increase in liver size. Thus, this study has reconstructed the order of the Hippo signaling network and suggests that LATS1/2 and YAP/TAZ activities are finetuned by HPO1 and HPO2 modules to cause different cell fates, organ size changes, and tumorigenesis trajectories.
Separation and structural characteristics of lignin in the prehydrolysis liquor of Whangee dissolving pulp
Authors: Tong Ruiping , Wu Chaojun , Zhao Chuanshan , Yu Dongmei
Published: March 2023

Separation and structural characterization of lignin are essential for value-added utilization of hemicelluloses and lignin in the prehydrolysis liquor (PHL) of a kraft-based Whangee (a genus of bamboo) dissolving pulp production. In this work, lignin in the PHL was separated by acidification treatment (AT) and rotary vacuum evaporation treatment (RVET), and the separated crude lignin was then compared and characterized. The crude lignin separated by RVET could be justified as p-hydroxyphenyl (H) -syringyl (S) -guaiacyl (G) lignin, and a conjugated carbonyl was also found in it. The crude lignin separated by AT was mainly composed of S lignin that had β-1, β-5, β-O-4, and β-β bonds. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the maximum thermal decomposition temperatures and the final carbon residues of crude lignin separated by RVET and AT were 520 °C, 5.26%, and 470 °C, 27.92%, respectively. Moreover, of the five kinds of sugar (arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose and mannose) in the PHL, only galactose and glucose were decreased after AT, while all five kinds were decreased after RVET.
Mussel-inspired polydopamine modification of bamboo fiber and its effect on the properties of bamboo fiber/polybutylene succinate composites
Authors: Hong Gonghua , Meng Yang , Yang Zexun , Cheng Haitao , Zhang Shuangbao , Song Wei
Published: March 2023

A bio-inspired approach to coating polydopamine (PDA) onto bamboo fiber (BF) was developed to enhance the poor interfacial bonding of BF/polybutylene succinate (PBS) biocomposites. The macroscopic features, functional groups, nanoscale topography, and crystallinity of the PDA-coated BF (D-BF) were investigated with digital photography, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The effects of the PDA loading rate on the performance of the D-BF/PBS biocomposites were also evaluated through the mechanical properties tests, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Treating BF with an optimum concentration of dopamine (DOPA) decreased the polarity of the bamboo fiber, while maintaining the crystal structure of the cellulose. The thermal stability, mechanical properties, and storage modulus of the D-BF/PBS biocomposites were noticeably enhanced because of the good interfacial compatibility. Moreover, the glass transition temperature (Tg) and crystallinity of the biocomposites increased with higher DOPA loading rates. The best properties were observed with a DOPA concentration of 1.0 mg/mL. These findings exhibited the feasibility for the application of PDA in the biomass fiber-reinforced biodegradable polymer composites industry.