bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A NEW TOMATO FOLIAGE DISEASE IN ISRAEL CAUSED BYSTEMPHYLIUM BOTRYOSUM
Authors: Rotem J. , Cohen Y. , Wahl I.
Published: March 2010

A serious leafspot and foliage blight disease of recent occurrence in tomato fields in Israel has been described, and the causal agent identified as Stemphylium botryosum Wallr. Most isolates of the pathogen produce the perfect stage Pleospora herbarum (Fr.) Rab. on nutrient media, but not in nature, either on living or dead plant tissue. The fungus is a highly virulent and very specialized pathogen capable of attacking only tomato foliage. This seems to be the first report of S. botryosum parasitic on tomatoes under normal field conditions. The pathogen is considered as a separate forma specialis and designated S. botryosum f. sp. lycopersici.
GROWTH RESPONSE OF ALFALFA VARIETIES OF DIVERSE GENETIC ORIGIN TO DIFFERENT ROOT ZONE TEMPERATURES
Authors: Heinrichs D. H. , Nielsen K. F.
Published: March 2010

Twenty alfalfa varieties, representing a broad cross-section of alfalfas from different climatic zones, were grown in a greenhouse at soil temperatures of 5°, 12°, 19°, and 27 °C to determine the effect of root zone temperatures on herbage and root growth. The air temperature varied between 15° and 32 °C. The photoperiod was extended to 16 hours by supplemental lighting. There were marked varietal differences in root development at different soil temperatures. Varieties of Medicago sativa generally yielded more herbage and roots than those of Medicago falcata. However, varieties of M. falcata produced the most herbage per weight of roots. Growth of alfalfa was greatly affected by root zone temperature; the most herbage was produced at 27 °C and the most root and nodular tissue at 12 °C. Soil temperature affected the shape and color of nodular tissue. Nitrogen and phosphorus increased in herbage as the root zone temperature increased, with P increasing more than N. Time to reach the flowering stage was not appreciably affected by root zone temperature.
THE EVALUATION OF COLD AND DROUGHT STRESS OF TURFGRASSES BY ELECTROLYTIC AND NINHYDRIN METHODS
Authors: Cordukes W. E. , Wilner J. , Rothwell V. T.
Published: March 2010

Electrolytic analyses of fresh blade tissue provided a rapid and reliable estimate of cold or drought stress of several turfgrasses in artificial laboratory tests. Resistance and conductivity readings and ninhydrin analyses were in close agreement with visual recovery of plant material following artificial low temperature treatments. In drought tests, electrolytic analyses clearly indicated the superiority of creeping red fescue over Kentucky bluegrass in drought tolerance.
ESTIMATION DES DEGRES-JOURS DE CROISSANCE PAR LES TEMPERATURES MENSUELLES MOYENNES
Authors: Ouellet C. E.
Published: March 2010

not available
GIBBERELLIC ACID TREATMENT OF DACTYLIS GLOMERATA AND ITS RESIDUAL EFFECTS ON THE FOLLOWING GENERATION
Authors: Fejer S. O.
Published: March 2010

Seed harvested from plants of Dactylis glomerata L. sprayed with gibberellic acid several weeks before the first signs of heading showed, after germination, a very marked increase in the top/root ratio of the seedlings. After various treatments with short days at contrasting temperatures most of these seedlings developed into plants that were taller and headed earlier.
THE INTERACTION EFFECT OF POTASSIUM AND ENVIRONMENT ON TOMATO RIPENING DISORDERS
Authors: Collin G. H. , Cline R. A.
Published: March 2010

The influence of K nutrition on ripening disorders of greenhouse tomatoes was studied in experiments conducted in solution culture under various conditions of light intensity and humidity. The occurrence of blotch and vascular browning within the same fruits was attributed to injury of vascular tissue when K in the nutrient solution was replaced by Ca or Na but not by NH4. In a second experiment, adding Ca(NO3)2, rather than reducing the level of K, increased blotch. This nutrient effect occurred in low intensity winter light. Exposing the plants to supplementary light produced severe blotch regardless of the nutrient treatment. Iron supply had no effect. Shade and high humidity did not increase blotch. Other ripening disorders, subtle mosaic patterns of green and yellow color, white-wall tissue, and shoulder blotch, were attributed to low K supply, light injury, and possibly an interaction of the two.
RECHERCHE DE LA DOSE OPTIMUM D’AZOTE MINERAL SUR LE TABAC JAUNE IRRIGUE
Authors: Allard J. , Richard J. , Bélanger J. A.
Published: March 2010

not available
THE INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER, ROW SPACING, AND IRRIGATION ON SEED YIELD OF NINE GRASSES IN CENTRAL SASKATCHEWAN
Authors: Crowle W. L.
Published: March 2010

Nine perennial grasses were grown for seed under irrigation and dryland conditions using 3-ft and 1-ft row spacing, and with and without fertilizer. Grasses were quite specific in their seed yield response. All grasses benefited from irrigation, some more than others. Three-foot row spacings resulted in higher seed yields for crested wheatgrass, intermediate wheatgrass, tall wheatgrass, and Russian wild ryegrass for both dryland and irrigation. The 3-ft spacing gave reduced seed yields for creeping red fescue and Kentucky bluegrass for both irrigated and dryland conditions. Wide spacing benefited slender wheatgrass only on dryland. Fertilizer gave quite inconsistent responses, and for slender wheatgrass, creeping red fescue, and Kentucky bluegrass under dryland conditions, fertilizer caused a reduction in seed yields. Fertilizer resulted in reduced yields of tall wheatgrass when grown under irrigation.
EFFECTS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER ON HERBAGE YIELDS AND SHEEP PRODUCTION ON IRRIGATED PASTURE, AND A COMPARISON OF METHODS OF YIELD ASSESSMENT
Authors: Wilson D. B. , Clark R. D. , Dubetz S.
Published: March 2010

Nitrogen fertilizer was applied at various rates and times to an irrigated grass–legume pasture grazed by sheep at Lethbridge. Mean herbage yields were 4257, 5247, 5847, 6269, and 6446 lb D.M./acre where 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 fifty-pound applications of N/acre were made annually.Sheep weight gains were 358, 406, 467, 504, and 530 lb/acre under these same fertilizer treatments. Early season applications gave the greatest response per unit of N. The effect on yield of a 50-lb/acre application was largely dissipated within 30–40 days. Daily gain, daily dry matter consumption by the sheep, and T.D.N. content of the herbage were similar under all fertilizing treatments.Three different techniques of harvesting herbage from ungrazed plots were compared with harvesting from caged areas within the grazed plots. The best estimate of cage yields was obtained with a technique in which herbage cut from the ungrazed plot was returned as a mulch to decompose. The standard clip-plot procedure with the herbage discarded did not give a good estimate of cage yields though the estimate was improved when cattle manure was applied each spring to replace part of the nutrients removed in the harvested herbage.
A NEW METHOD FOR APPLYING MALEIC HYDRAZIDE TO INHIBIT SPROUTING OF POTATO TUBERS
Authors: Franklin E. W. , Lougheed E. C.
Published: March 2010

not available
WIREWORMS IN PURE STANDS OF GRASSES AND WEEDS
Authors: Fox C. J. S.
Published: March 2010

not available
DELCREST 66, A NEW VARIETY OF BRIGHT TOBACCO
Authors: Povilaitis B. , White F. H.
Published: March 2010

not available
FACTORS AFFECTING THE PERSISTENCE OF AVENA FATUA
Authors: Banting J. D.
Published: March 2010

The effect of storage temperature upon after-ripening of wild oats, the induction of dormancy under aerobic and partially anaerobic conditions, and the effect of wetting and drying upon viability, germination, and seedling development were investigated.Warm, dry conditions were more conducive to after-ripening or loss of dormancy than cold, humid conditions. Most of the seeds stored alternately at 18 and 40 °C after-ripened in 3 years. At temperatures below 18 °C after-ripening was not complete after 5 years.Dormant seeds became more dormant when exposed to germinative conditions and subsequent drying. Induction of dormancy by this means (aerobic conditions) can prolong the life span of wild oats.After-ripened seeds became dormant when soaked in soil at 60% moisture (limited oxygen). The development of dormancy was affected by temperature, duration of soaking, and drying of the seeds after soaking. The effect of drying was reversible and appeared to depend upon the amount of previous induction. Mortality increased markedly when soaking was prolonged at 25 °C. Increased mortality, resulting from repeated wetting and drying, only accounted for a small part of the losses observed in seeds on the soil surface.Interruption of imbibition (8 to 32 hours) by drying resulted in faster germination when seeds were rewetted. One-third of the seeds that imbibed water for 48 hours before being dried for 7 days grew vigorously when rewetted.
VIRUS ASSAY OF SEEDS FROM SELECTED MONTMORENCY CHERRY TREES
Authors: George J. A. , Davidson T. R.
Published: March 2010

Assays for virus content were made on seed from 40 Montmorency sour cherry trees in an orchard where necrotic ring spot and sour cherry yellows viruses were spreading, the former very rapidly. Virus was detected in 3.5% of the ’sound’ seeds from 10 virus-free trees, in 38.4% from 10 trees with shock symptoms, in 77.7% from 6 trees with sour cherry yellows symptoms, and in 93.1% from 7 trees with necrotic ring spot symptoms. The number of seeds with virus, on otherwise virus-free trees, did not provide a reliable indication of the tendency of a tree to become infected. The average percentage of aborted seeds was: sour cherry yellows infected trees 35%, necrotic ring spot trees 22%, trees in shock 28%, and non-infected trees 15%.
THE EFFECT OF CERTAIN MITICIDES ON THE PREDACIOUS MITE NEOSEIULUS CAUDIGLANS (ACARINA:PHYTOSEIIDAE)
Authors: Downing R. S.
Published: March 2010

The effects of sprays of several miticides upon the predatory phytoseiid mite Neoseiulus caudiglans (Schuster) were examined. A heavy dormant oil (Shell Neutrol) or a light oil (Pennsalt Superior) were low in toxicity to the mite whether applied in the dormant or in the half-inch green bud stage of apple. The light oil was also low in toxicity when applied in the summer. If ethion was added to the oil in either the dormant or the half-inch green stage, almost complete kill of the predatory mite occurred. Of the miticides that were examined as summer sprays, endosulfan, Micasin, and CPAS were of low toxicity whereas Milbex was of medium toxicity to the predacious mite. Dicofol, Chloropropylate, Morestan, and Omite were low in toxicity initially but their residual toxicity was high. Binapacryl, CIBA 8514, and dinocap were highly toxic to N. caudiglans.
THE PATHOGENICITY OF COLLETOTRICHUM DEMATIUM TO TABLE BEETS AND OTHER HOSTS
Authors: Gourley C. O.
Published: March 2010

Colletotrichum dematium caused a root disease of table beet. Compared with C. atramentarium it was more pathogenic on beet and spinach and less pathogenic on carrot, potato, and tomato. With both species of fungi, at least 60 hours at high humidity was best for foliage infection to become well established. Beet seedlings were more susceptible to C. dematium than partially grown beet roots. Pathologically and morphologically, the beet isolate of Colletotrichum conformed to descriptions of C. spinaciae, a synonym of C. dematium.A culture seeding rate of 200,000 spores/ml was required for optimum spore production with C. dematium. Optimum growth and sporulation occurred at 22° to 24 °C. Growth and sporulation of the fungus was inhibited at 5° and 31 °C and 10° and 29 °C, respectively.C. dematium may not be an important pathogen of beets as it only occurred where beets were grown successively in the same soil.
CHANGES IN LEVELS OF SOME CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF SOYBEAN LEAVES FOLLOWING LEAF SPOT INFECTION
Authors: Benedict W. G.
Published: March 2010

Leaf pigment, nutrient mineral, carbohydrate, and protein level were determined in leaves of soybean, Soja max (L.) Piper var. Harosoy, infected by bacterial blight, Pseudomonas glycinea (Coerper) Stapp, brown spot, Septoria glycines Hemmi, and frogeye, Cercospora sojina Hara. The plants were grown under controlled environmental conditions. The use of colorimetric methods of analysis showed that loss of chlorophyll, with increase in carotenoids, was associated with the intense yellowing symptom of infected leaf tissue when both Ps. glycinea and S. glycines were active in a synergistic manner. Of the major elements, the levels of phosphorus and potassium were increased significantly by S. glycines infection. Of the minor elements, the level of copper was increased to 150, 400, and 750% of the control following infection by C. sojina, S. glycines, and Ps. glycinea, respectively. Among the carbohydrates, high levels of reducing sugars were found following S. glycines infection. The use of starch-gel electrophoresis and fluoroscopy showed that two compounds were absent and four new components were evident in S. glycines-infected leaves. Electrophoresis also revealed that eight fluorescent compounds were common to tissue infected by Ps. glycinea and C. sojina. A marked esterase activity was found in S. glycines-infected leaves.
INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION AND HARVESTING MANAGEMENT ON YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SPARTINA PECTINATA ON DIKELAND
Authors: Langille J. E. , Nicholson J. W. G. , Warren F. S. , Carson R. B.
Published: March 2010

Spartina pectinata (Link.) was harvested at four growth stages (vegetative, late jointing, heads emerged, and mature seed) to stubble heights of 4.4, 7.6, and 12.7 cm. Nitrogen was applied in late spring to one-half the area at the rate of 84 kg/ha. Maximum dry matter yields were obtained from a single harvest at the seed stage on the N-fertilized plots. Harvesting before the seed stage and N fertilization reduced the stand of Spartina pectinata and increased the stand of Agrostis palustris. The percentage of N, P, and K in the tissue decreased and crude fiber increased as the crop advanced in maturity. The application of N increased the N, P, and K content of the forage but had no effect on the crude fiber content. From these data a practical method of best utilizing this native species was determined.
AN ASPIRATOR FOR CLEANING SMALL SEED SAMPLES
Authors: Hergert G. , Zillinsky F. J. , Kemp J. K.
Published: March 2010

not available
EFFECT OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, AND POTASSIUM ON YIELD, PERSISTENCE, AND NUTRIENT CONTENT OF TIMOTHY
Authors: Grant E. A. , MacLean A. A.
Published: March 2010

High levels of both N and K from fertilizer were required to obtain optimum yield of timothy and also to maintain timothy as the dominant species in a grass sod. Phosphorus was required in relatively small amounts. Timothy degenerated when an imbalance of N and K was induced through fertilization and did so most rapidly when N was applied without K. Increasing N applications generally increased N content but the extent of the increase was modified when K was also applied, similarly K application increased K content but levels were modified downward when N was also applied. P content was affected only slightly by P application but levels were lowered when yields were increased by a combination of N and K. Critical nutrient concentrations of 1.6, 0.20, and 1.2% for N, P, and K respectively were determined for first-crop timothy cut at the fully headed stage. Higher levels of N and P were observed in second-cut material.
EFFECT OF ROOT ZONE TEMPERATURES ON CORN LEAF MORPHOLOGY
Authors: Beauchamp Eric G. , Lathwell D. J.
Published: March 2010

Corn plants were grown at constant root zone temperatures of 15°, 20°, and 25 °C using sand culture in the greenhouse. Stages of development were defined, using as a basis the appearance of leaf tips from the whorl, so that morphologically similar plants grown at different root zone temperatures could be compared.The time intervals required by the corn plants to reach specific stages of development increased substantially with decreasing temperatures. The total dry weights of the plants at specified stages of development decreased significantly with increasing temperatures. Plants grown at 25° produced on the average 1.7 leaves more than those grown at 15 °C prior to tassel formation. Lamina lengths and dry weights decreased with increasing temperatures. Lamina widths and areas were greatest at 20 °C. The narrowest laminae were produced by plants grown at 15° and smallest lamina areas at 25 °C. While the diameters of one cell type in the laminae were not affected by temperature, the lengths of two other cell types decreased significantly with increasing temperatures.The variations in morphological characteristics of leaf laminae were interpreted on the premise of a direct influence of root zone temperature on the shoot meristem.
SILICA AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF MIXED PRAIRIE AND FESCUE GRASSLAND VEGETATION AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE INCIDENCE OF SILICA UROLITHIASIS
Authors: Bezeau L. M. , Johnston A. , Smoliak S.
Published: March 2010

Samples of individual species of forages from two locations, one with a high and one with a low incidence of urolithiasis, were collected intermittently during an 8-year period and analyzed for protein, sand, and silica at up to five stages of growth. The grasses and sedges from both locations were higher in silica than the forbs and shrubs but the difference between locations was not significant. The effect of other factors on urolithiasis is discussed, such as the forb–shrub to grass–sedge ratio, the proportion of each consumed by cattle, the availability of water, and the amount of water actually consumed by cattle in the two areas.
SUPPRESSION OF BULL’S EYE ROT OF APPLES AND GROWTH OF NEOFABRAEA PERENNANS BY SCALD CONTROL AGENTS DIPHENYLAMINE AND ETHOXYQUIN
Authors: Lopatecki L. E. , Burdon H.
Published: March 2010

Postharvest dips of apples in diphenylamine or ethoxyquin, at concentrations that control storage scald, markedly reduced bull’s eye rot of fruit artificially inoculated with spores of Neofabraea perennans obtained from a local culture. Similar reduction in rot was obtained with the fungicide dodine, whereas the antioxidant propyl gallate was not effective.Comparative fungistatic tests indicated that dodine was a potent inhibitor of spore germination of N. perennans, and was only slightly less effective in suppressing hyphal growth. Diphenylamine inhibited hyphal growth to a greater extent than spore germination, while ethoxyquin inhibited hyphal growth only. Propyl gallate was essentially inactive in all tests. These data suggest that effectiveness of all three active materials against bull’s eye rot derives mainly from their ability to suppress hyphal growth.
REPRODUCIBILITY OF EVAPOTRANSPIRATION MEASUREMENTS FROM FLOATING LYSIMETERS
Authors: Fulton J. M. , Findlay W. I.
Published: March 2010

not available
TARGET, A NEW VARIETY OF SUMMER RAPE
Authors: Stefansson B. R.
Published: March 2010

not available
DIGESTIBILITY OF BOG FORAGE
Authors: Pringle W. L. , Miltimore J. E.
Published: March 2010

not available
USE OF PROTEIN-BASED FOAMS TO PROTECT PLANTS AGAINST FROST
Authors: Siminovitch D. , Ball W. L. , Desjardins R. , Gamble D. S.
Published: March 2010

The application of fire-fighting protein-based foams for use as protective insulation of plants against frost damage is described.The foams, prepared from suitable water dilutions of commercially available hydrolyzed-protein concentrates containing a stabilizer and supplemented with 1% gelatin, when applied as a cover over small plots of tomato and Coleus, permitted survival of the lower parts of the plants after overnight frosts that reached 20°F (−6.6 °C). Temperature recordings in the foam and in air in control plots at the soil level indicated that a 6 in. (15.2 cm) layer of foam provided 8 hours protection against the freezing temperatures. Temperature differences between the control plot and the foam were as high as 15.8°F (9.0 °C).The foams were non-toxic, clung to foliage when applied, but could be washed off easily with water. If stability of the foams can be improved and equipment provided for rapid dispensing of the foams it is suggested that the use of foams for frost protection of seedlings in large crop plantings or of sensitive parts of fruit trees be investigated further.
INFLUENCE OF PHOTOPERIOD AND LIGHT INTENSITY ON UPTAKE OF RADIOPHOSPHORUS BY CHRYSANTHEMUM AND PELARGONIUM
Authors: McEvoy E. T.
Published: March 2010

The effects of daily photoperiod and light intensity on the uptake of radiophosphorus by Chrysanthemum morifolium ’Princess Anne’ and Pelargonium hortorum ’Irene’ were studied in controlled-environment rooms. The rate of P32 uptake by both species increased with increasing photoperiod over the range 9, 14, and 19 hr per day at an intensity of 1,000 ft-c. The rate of P32 uptake was higher when the 9- and 14-hr photoperiods were started 7 days prior to the application of P32 than when started concurrently with the application of P32. Plants of each species exposed to a 19-hr photoperiod had the same rate of P32 uptake regardless of when the photoperiod was started.There was a progressive increase in the rate of P32 uptake by both species with increasing light intensity over the range of 500, 1,000, and 1,500 ft-c at a daily photoperiod of 17 hr. It is suggested that increased P32 uptake with increased photoperiod and light intensity is related to increased supply of the photosynthate.At a time when normal flower bud initiation is known to occur in Chrysanthemum morifolium, the rate of P32 uptake increased.
EFFECT OF EXPOSURE TO RADIO-FREQUENCY ELECTRIC FIELDS ON SEED-BORNE MICROORGANISMS
Authors: Seaman W. L. , Wallen V. R.
Published: March 2010

Exposure of naturally infected and artificially inoculated seeds to radio-frequency (rf) electric waves of 59 to 64 Mc/sec was of varying effectiveness in eradicating internally borne fungi and bacteria. Diaporthe phaseolorum was eliminated from soybean seeds with little reduction in seed germination. Survival of Ascochyta pisi and A. pinodes (Mycosphaerella pinodes) in field pea seed was greatly reduced by similar treatment, but the fungi were not usually eradicated without appreciable reduction in germination. Germinability of pea seeds was unaffected by increasing the moisture content of the seed to 16% from 10.3%. The A. pinodes content of such seeds, however, was reduced by approximately 50%. Both seed and fungus were more susceptible to damage by rf treatment at the higher moisture level. Bean seed infected with Xanthomonas phaseoli var. fuscans and cabbage seed inoculated with X. campestris were killed by exposures which reduced but did not eradicate the bacteria. Colonies of both xanthomonads on nutrient agar media were destroyed by rf treatment.
VIRUS-INDUCED WOOD PITTING IN THE ROOT SYSTEMS OF APPLE SEEDLINGS, AND ITS EFFECTS ON TREE VIGOR
Authors: Welsh Maurice F. , May James
Published: March 2010

Wood pitting symptoms, induced in high proportions of open-pollinated Hyslop and lower proportions of Columbia crab seedlings by inoculation with stem pitting virus, were as severe in the main and lateral roots as in the trunks and branches. Severe wood pitting occurred also in open-pollinated Delicious seedlings, serving as rootstocks for Virginia crab trees used in stem pitting virus indexing trials. The wood pitting of Delicious seedling rootstocks was usually accompanied by stem pitting on Virginia crab, but in 7 of 113 test trees the rootstock only was affected, and in 9 other trees symptoms were more severe on the seedling rootstock than on the Virginia crab trunk. Tree vigor was as effectively reduced by wood pitting of the root systems as by that of trunks and branches.
VARIATION IN SILICA CONTENT OF RANGE GRASSES
Authors: Johnston A. , Bezeau L. M. , Smoliak S.
Published: March 2010

In a study of the relation of silica content of grass and grasslike species to some aspects of the rangeland environment, significant differences were found between years and between species within years. It was not possible to relate silica content to location or to detect any consistent relation between silica content and annual precipitation, either current or long-term, or between silica content and April–September or May–June rainfall. Seasonal trends in percentage silica and in percentage sand plus silica are shown.
HEPTACHLOR, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, AND GAMMA-CHLORDANE RESIDUES IN SOIL AND RUTABAGA AFTER SOIL AND SURFACE TREATMENTS WITH HEPTACHLOR
Authors: Saha J. G. , Stewart W. W. A.
Published: March 2010

The distribution of insecticide residues in soil and rutabagas, after soil and surface treatments with heptachlor, was studied by gas-liquid chromatography. Granular heptachlor at 6.6 kg/ha was incorporated into the top 1.27 to 1.90 cm of soil and heptachlor emulsion was applied three times at 4.48 kg/ha on the soil surface. Only about 3% of the applied insecticide was recovered from surface-treated soil three to four months after application, whereas 15% of the insecticide incorporated into the soil was recovered after five months. Rutabagas grown in surface-treated soil had 0.042 p.p.m. of total residues, whereas those from insecticide-incorporated soil had 0.060 p.p.m.Maximum concentration of residue in peel was in the vertical zone where the insecticide had been applied. Lateral movement of pesticides into rutabaga tissues was limited to about 0.5 cm from the periphery. The waxy layer of the rutabaga, representing 2.7% of the whole rutabaga, contained 70% of the residue. The peel contained about 98% of the residue half of which was removed by boiling in water. Boiled pulp was pesticide free.
EFFECT OF FREQUENCY OF IRRIGATION ON SOIL MOISTURE AND TURF QUALITY
Authors: Turley R. H.
Published: March 2010

The effect of frequency of irrigation on soil moisture, yield and quality of turf was studied at Saanichton, British Columbia during the summers of 1962 and 1963. Plots were watered when a soil moisture budget, based on black Bellani plate atmometers, showed a deficit of 1.3, 1.9, 2.5 and 3.2 cm. All treatments received the same amount of water over the season. The 1.3-cm irrigation treatment ranked first in visual rating, produced the heaviest yields per clip and maintained higher and more uniform soil moisture than the other treatments.The black Bellani plate atmometer proved to be an efficient instrument in predicting irrigation requirements of lawn turfs.
EVALUATION OF FOLIAR SPRAYS FOR CONTROL OF WEATHER FLECK ON FLUE-CURED TOBACCO
Authors: Walker E. K.
Published: March 2010

Selected materials were sprayed on field-grown plants to control weather fleck. Treated and untreated plants were compared for effectiveness in preventing this physiological disorder and for effects on the leaves. Five of 32 test materials, namely diphenylamine, phenothiazine, 1,4-naphthoquinone, dichlone and N,N′-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, were effective in preventing weather fleck. Diphenylamine, phenothiazine, and 1,4-naphthoquinone were particularly effectve. Small amounts of leaf damage occurred on plants sprayed with these three materials, but such damage was insufficient to cause quality depreciation of the cured leaves. No leaf damage occurred on spraying with dichlone and N,N′-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, but excessive green fixation, which reduces leaf value, occurred in leaves from dichlone-sprayed plots. Phenothiazine caused some green fixation.
AVON RASPBERRY
Authors: Craig D. L. , Aalders L. E.
Published: March 2010

not available
SUPERSWEET GARDEN PEA
Authors: Marshall H. H. , Walkof C.
Published: March 2010

not available
THE "BASEBALL" SERIES OF DWARF CABBAGE VARIETIES
Authors: Walkof C.
Published: March 2010

not available
THE POTENTIAL OF GYPSOPHILA PANICULATA AS A WEED IN SASKATCHEWAN
Authors: Darwent A. L. , Coupland R. T. , Skoglund N. A.
Published: March 2010

Gypsophila paniculata L. (baby’s breath), an ornamental of Eurasian origin introduced into western Canada more than 80 years ago, was studied to evaluate its potential as a weed. It was found as an adventive species or garden escape at 50 locations in Saskatchewan. Mature plants are able to withstand large fluctuations in rainfall and live for many years. Although this species does not lower the yield of competing forage grasses, it has a low feed value and is not measurably reduced in vigor by mowing. Heavy, continuous grazing suppresses the growth of mature plants and prevents the establishment of seedlings, while annual cultivation at a depth which severs the caudex from the root kills the plants.
OXYGEN ABSORPTION AND ETHYLENE PRODUCTION BY DEVELOPING CRANBERRY FRUIT
Authors: Forsyth F. R. , Hall I. V.
Published: March 2010

The rates of respiration in developing fruits of cranberry decreased gradually until nearly harvest, when a slight climacteric was found. The increase by weight and volume of cranberry fruits was gradual through the greater part of the growing season. Ethylene content as measured in berries of different levels of maturity, based on color, increased as the red pigment developed until the berries were ready for harvest. The ethylene level decreased in berries of an advanced stage of maturity.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF RANGE FORAGE PLANTS OF THE STIPA-BOUTELOUA PRAIRIE
Authors: Smoliak S. , Bezeau L. M.
Published: March 2010

Five native grasses and one sedge of the Stipa-Bouteloua prairie, three introduced grasses collected at five stages of growth, and four shrubby species collected at three stages of growth were analyzed for proximate chemical constituents.The amounts of phosphorus and digestible and crude protein of all species decreased with maturity, while the cellulose increased. Introduced grasses generally contained more crude protein than native grasses. Shrubby species were higher in crude protein and phosphorus than native grasses. No consistent trend was observed in relative total ash and calcium content at progressive stages of development. The estimated nutritive value index was high for all grasses and low for two Artemisia species. The seasonal declines in crude protein and phosphorus suggest that protein and phosphorus supplements are desirable for range cattle during the fall, winter, and early spring.
EFFECT OF APPLICATION RATES OF DISULFOTON AND PHORATE, AND OF IRRIGATION ON APHID CONTROL AND RESIDUES IN CANNING PEAS
Authors: Chisholm D. , Specht H. B.
Published: March 2010

Measurable residues of disulfoton (O, O-diethyl S-2-(ethylthio) ethyl phosphorodithioate) and phorate (O, O-diethyl S-(ethylthiomethyl) phosphorodithioate) were found in pea vines but not in shelled peas 76 days after furrow treatments at time of seeding. Residues of disulfoton were related to application rates. Insecticide treatments satisfactorily controlled pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) from plant emergence to harvest. Disulfoton at 1.12-kg/ha active ingredient was as effective as phorate at 2.24 kg/ha. Irrigation, where moisture was not a limiting factor, did not enhance disulfoton or phorate translocation, but by delaying pea maturity it reduced tenderometer readings and yields of shelled peas. Insecticide treatments did not affect yields or tenderometer readings, or produce phytotoxic effects.
EFFECT OF AGE ON THE GERMINATION AND EMERGENCE OF RUSSIAN WILD RYEGRASS SEED HARVESTED BY TWO METHODS AT PROGRESSIVE STAGES OF MATURITY
Authors: Lawrence T.
Published: March 2010

A study was conducted with Russian wild ryegrass, Elymus junceus Fisch., to determine the influence of age (storage) on the germination of seed harvested at progressive stages of maturity and on its emergence from a 1-inch (2.54-cm) depth of seeding. Two methods to simulate the straight-combine and swather-combine methods of harvest were used.After five years seed harvested by the straight-combine method germinated less than 60%, whereas seed harvested by the swather-combine method on the last 3 or 4 days before excessive shattering occurred still germinated 75% or higher. Seed harvested at early stages of maturity by either method of harvesting deteriorated in germination to a similar extent. At more mature stages, however, seed harvested by the straight-combine method deteriorated in germination, whereas that harvested by the swather method retained high germinability.Seed harvested at early stages of maturity by the swather-combine method showed a more rapid deterioration in emergence than that harvested by the straight-combine method, whereas seed harvested near maturity by either method declined in emergence to a similar extent.Deterioration in the ability of the seed to germinate and emerge from a 1-inch (2.54-cm) depth was closely related to seed size and moisture content of the seed at time of harvest.
TRANSLOCATION OF DIAZINON FROM PLANTING WATER BY CABBAGE AND TOBACCO SEEDLINGS
Authors: Miles J. R. W. , Manson G. F. , Sans W. W. , Niemczyk H. D.
Published: March 2010

The translocation of diazinon into the aerial parts of cabbage and tobacco transplants from treated planting-water was investigated by chemical and enzymatic analytical techniques. In cabbage, initial residues of about 2 ppm declined to less than 0.01 ppm in 30 to 40 days. In tobacco, the residues increased during the 2-week period after transplanting, then declined to about 0.01 ppm in 8 weeks.
THE EFFECT OF A WINDBREAK ON WIND TRAVEL, EVAPORATION AND WHEAT YIELD
Authors: Pelton W. L.
Published: March 2010

A windbreak was erected in a wheat field during the growing seasons of 1960 to 1964 inclusive. The effect of this barrier on wind travel, evaporation, and wheat yield was measured. The use of snow fencing, erected each year after seeding, eliminated the effect of snow accumulation on the grain yield of sheltered fields.The windbreak reduced wind travel by 15 to 49% during the five-year test period and led to reductions of 12 to 23% in evaporation from Bellani plates. Yields within the sheltered area ranged from 24 to 43% above check yields. Maximum grain production was obtained in the area of maximum wind and evaporation reduction. However, yields in general were extremely variable throughout the test area during individual years, and from year to year. The wide variations in yield suggest that the effects of windbreaks on other environmental factors should be considered in studies of this nature.
OBSERVATIONS OF ROOT GROWTH IN THE GREENHOUSE CUCUMBER
Authors: Ward G. M.
Published: March 2010

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PRE-DRYING INCREASES INITIAL PRODUCTIVITY OF TWO SEDGE-PEAT SOILS
Authors: Pringle W. L. , Ryswyk A. L. van
Published: March 2010

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METHOD OF DETERMINING SEEDING RATE IN BARLEY YIELD TRIALS
Authors: Faris D. G. , Guitard A. A.
Published: March 2010

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ROAMER ALFALFA
Authors: Heinrichs D. H.
Published: March 2010

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INDEX OF INJURY—A USEFUL EXPRESSION OF FREEZING INJURY TO PLANT TISSUES AS DETERMINED BY THE ELECTROLYTIC METHOD
Authors: Flint H. L. , Boyce B. R. , Beattie D. J.
Published: March 2010

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THE FROST-FREE PERIOD IN ALBERTA
Authors: Longley Richmond W.
Published: March 2010

An examination of the frost data for Alberta has shown that the mean frost-free period for the years 1951–1964 differed from the mean for the years prior to 1951. The difference was greatest in the basin of the North Saskatchewan River from Edmonton eastward, where the period increased by three or four weeks. The increase was less in southern Alberta, and some stations here showed no significant change. In the northern half of the province, the length of the frost-free period increased on the average by nearly three weeks.
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION BY IRRIGATED GRASS AS RELATED TO FERTILIZER
Authors: Krogman K. K.
Published: March 2010

Efficiency of water use by a mixed sward of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L.), and bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), fertilized with three levels each of nitrogen and phosphorus in all combinations and irrigated to promote maximum growth, was increased with increasing applied nitrogen. Yield response to nitrogen fertilizer was large and to phosphorus fertilizer was small. When total dry plant material exceeded about 4 metric tons/ha, increases of evapotranspiration with increased crop size were relatively small. The greatest daily rates of crop growth and the most efficient use of water by the crop occurred in midsummer on plots fertilized with nitrogen at 420 kg/ha. The ratios of evapotranspiration to estimated solar radiation expressed as evaporation equivalent were similar to those reported for crops in the western United States.
REDUCED WINTER SURVIVAL AND YIELD OF CLOVER INFECTED WITH CLOVER YELLOW MOSAIC VIRUS
Authors: Pratt Michael J.
Published: March 2010

Yield and stand were recorded in screenhouse and field plots of perennial clovers infected with clover yellow mosaic virus (CYMV) or natural mixtures of this and other clover viruses. The following pattern of deterioration was established: (1) in the season when infection takes place, the yield of hay declines; (2) in late fall, infected plants become stunted and show strong virus symptoms; (3) in winter the survival of infected plants is lower than that of healthy plants; (4) in spring, slow growth resulting from the virus infection, in addition to winter injury, allows the establishment and spread of weeds and grasses; (5) in summer there is a partial recovery and hay yields are two-thirds to three-quarters those of the controls, if there has been no encroachment by weeds and grasses; and (6) the seasonal sequence is repeated as the infected plants decline in vigor. In the year following infection in CYMV-infected clover plots in which vigorous grasses were present, the hay yield of clover was less than one-quarter the yield in the control plots. Infection by severe strains of CYMV reduced yields of alsike, Ladino and white Dutch clovers by about half, but red clover var. Lasalle was not so severely affected. The involvement of fungal pathogens in further reducing the winter survival of CYMV-infected clover is discussed.
RELATIONSHIP OF ASH CONTENT AND STAGE OF GROWTH TO RADIOSTRONTIUM UPTAKE BY WHEAT
Authors: Lee C. C. , Sosulski F. W.
Published: March 2010

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NOTE ON MANITOU HARD RED SPRING WHEAT
Authors: Campbell A. B. , Anderson R. G. , Green G. J. , Samborski D. J. , Johnson K. R.
Published: March 2010

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WOODY ORNAMENTAL PLANT ZONATION: III. SUITABILITY MAP FOR THE PROBABLE WINTER SURVIVAL OF ORNAMENTAL TREES AND SHRUBS
Authors: Ouellet C. E. , Sherk L. C.
Published: March 2010

A map showing suitability for winter survival of ornamental trees and shrubs has been prepared for Canada. It is based on the estimated suitability indices (from 0 to 92) for 640 localities. It includes 10 zones with a spread of 10 units; each zone is subdivided into 2 sub-zones. In addition, probability curves indicate the chances of survival within zones and sub-zones of any plant for which the index of hardiness is known.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHOTOSYNTHETIC AREA AND GRAIN YIELD PER PLANT IN WHEAT
Authors: Voldeng H. D. , Simpson G. M.
Published: March 2010

Shading treatments with a high- and a low-yielding line of wheat indicated that the ear and flag leaf contributed the major portion of grain dry weight. Correlation coefficients calculated between flag-leaf area and grain yield, and ear area and grain yield, from tillers within seven lines of wheat ranged from + 0.54 to + 0.90. The combination of a large flag leaf plus a large ear area showed promise as an index for selecting higher yielding individuals from a mixture of genotypes.
THE EVALUATION OF METHODS TO DETERMINE SWEET CORN MATURITY FOR PROCESSING
Authors: Campbell J. D. , McKerlie E. M.
Published: March 2010

Whole-kernel processed sweet corn has to be harvested at a precise stage of maturity. In general, when the moisture content of the kernels is 74% ± 1%, the ears are ready for harvesting and rapid processing. Several methods of determining sweet corn maturity were evaluated to determine their suitability for use in the processing industry. The refractive index of the kernel juice was an accurate, simple, and rapid method of determining maturity, and was considered superior to all other methods studied. Moisture content, alcohol-insoluble solids content, and trimetric rating were adequate indices of maturity, but were too time-consuming. Pericarp content was neither reliable nor rapid. Shear-press ratings did not give accurate or consistent results.
BIOMAGNETIC RESPONSES IN KHARKOV 22 M.C. WINTER WHEAT
Authors: Pittman U. J.
Published: March 2010

Pregermination exposure of Kharkov 22 M.C. winter wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum L.) to introduced magnetic fields resulted in a stable, temperature-independent enhancement of seedling growth rate. The level of magnetic intensity required to give maximum response appears to be between 0.5 and 100 oersteds when applied for 240 hours.
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF ASCOCHYTA PINODES ON FIELD PEAS IN CANADA
Authors: Wallen V. R. , Cuddy T. F. , Grainger P. N.
Published: March 2010

Blight, caused by Mycosphaerella pinodes, is now epiphytotic and Ascochyta pinodes is the principal pathogen found in Canadian field pea seed. Ascochyta pisi, cause of leaf and pod spot of peas and formerly the principal seed-borne pathogen, is now seldom found. Reasons for this situation are discussed. Although infection by A. pinodes, from the seed to seedling stage, took place over a temperature range of 10 to 30 °C, the optimum range for infection was 15 to 18 °C. The symptoms produced at the different temperatures are described. Thiram 75, Orthocide 75, Panogen 15 and Spergon as seed treatments were effective in controlling the organism in sand, sandy loam and sterilized sandy loam. Thiram 75 and Orthocide 75 were equal in effectiveness and significantly better than Panogen 15 or Spergon.
GROWTH OF HORDEUM JUBATUM UNDER VARIOUS SOIL CONDITIONS AND DEGREES OF PLANT COMPETITION
Authors: Wilson D. B.
Published: March 2010

Hordeum jubatum L. was grown in the greenhouse under various levels of soil moisture, soil salinity, soil fertility, and soil temperature, both alone and in association with other grasses. When grown alone it developed best under high soil moisture and high soil fertility, and low soil salinity. On wet, non-saline soils its growth was restricted by competition from Dactylis glomerata L. On wet, saline soils, where D. glomerata offered little competition, it developed freely. It developed only sparsely on dry or infertile soils. Agropyron elongatum (Host.) P. B. prevented development of H. jubatum on wet, saline soils, and Festuca arundinacea Schreb. and Phalaris arundinacea L. restricted its development to a high degree. H. jubatum growth was enhanced as soil temperatures were raised from 7 °C through 12° and 20°, to 27°.
THE EFFECT OF (2-CHLOROETHYL) TRIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE (CCC) ON CERTAIN AGRONOMIC TRAITS OF BARLEY
Authors: Larter E. N.
Published: March 2010

Field trials were conducted over a two-year period to evaluate the use of a growth retardant, (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride, or CCC (Cyocel), as an agent for reducing lodging losses in barley. A 10−1 M solution induced a progressively greater height reduction with spray applications at the 5-leaf (single application), the 3-leaf repeated at the 5-leaf (double application), and 3-leaf repeated at the 5- and flag-leaf stages (triple application). Although the two varieties used in this study exhibited a differential response, plants which received the triple application were reduced to about 75% the height of the control. This reduction was more than sufficient to prevent lodging. Climatic conditions also influenced dwarfing response to CCC, moist conditions favoring a greater height reduction in relation to untreated material grown under the same conditions.Treatments that were effective in reducing plant height also tended to retard maturity. Grain yields, kernel weights, tiller number per plant, protein percentage and total beta-amylase activity of grain from treated plants were not influenced by any of the treatments used. Similarly, the percentage and rate of germination of grain harvested from treated plants were not affected.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STEM DIAMETER AND IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF FORAGES
Authors: Mowat D. N. , Fulkerson R. S. , Gamble E. E.
Published: March 2010

Stem diameter of Vernal alfalfa was markedly greater from first cut than from aftermaths, particularly the third cut. Stems were larger from clump than from solid spacings within rows. Only the narrowest row widths tended to influence stem size. When alfalfa was cut at the first-flower stage, stem diameter had no effect on in vitro dry matter digestibility. Furthermore, stem width had no influence on the digestibility of various bromegrass entries cut at the heads-elongated stage. No consistent relationship occurred between stem width and lignin or acid-detergent fiber content with alfalfa. However, the narrow stems of bromegrass had a slightly higher lignin content.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE ABILITY OF COLLETOTRICHUM GRAMINICOLA TO FORM APPRESSORIA AND PENETRATE BARLEY LEAVES
Authors: Skoropad W. P.
Published: March 2010

The appressorium of Colletotrichum graminicola is a dark, spore-like body, globular, pear-shaped or irregularly lobed, with one or two small, light areas. It usually contains two nuclei. Appressoria are formed at temperatures ranging from 15 to 35 °C. They can penetrate barley leaves only at a range of 25 to 30 °C. Appressoria which are formed at 15 or 20 °C remain dormant until exposed to the higher range of 25–30 °C.
DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF SITONA HISPIDULA (F.) AND THE EFFECT OF INSECT INJURY ON ROOT DECAY OF RED CLOVER IN THE MARITIME PROVINCES
Authors: Thompson L. S. , Willis C. B.
Published: March 2010

Insect injury to red clover by root-feeding weevils, mainly the clover root curculio (Sitona hispidula (F.)), and the association with root decay were investigated by periodic examinations of roots during 1965 and 1966. The abundance of Sitona spp. was also recorded from soil samples taken with the root samples. Greatest injury to the roots was observed during June and July of the first year of production, when larval populations were highest. The period of most rapid increase in the external decay of roots coincided with peak larval populations and the resulting increase in feeding injury. With increased severity of insect injury the external decay and, to a greater extent, the internal decay increased. During the period of these studies S. hispidula was widely distributed throughout the Maritime Provinces and was sufficiently abundant to be considered of economic importance.
THE INTERACTION OF VARIETY AND ENVIRONMENT IN FLAX TRIALS
Authors: Tyson H. , Bradner N. R.
Published: March 2010

Data from yield trials involving five flax varieties at nine locations in four consecutive years have been examined. All interactions involving varieties were broken down to extract the contribution of each variety to the interaction. The ranked contributions did not correlate significantly with the rank of the varieties’ mean yields over all tests. The significance of the variety × location × year interaction indicated the need for thorough testing prior to introduction.
RESTORATION OF VIRULENCE OF STORED CULTURES OF PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS
Authors: Hodgson W. A. , Sharma K. P.
Published: March 2010

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GARDENTREAT SWEET CORN
Authors: Nuttall V. W. , Lyall L. H.
Published: March 2010

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THE GEN ATMOMETER
Authors: Smith A. D. , Hobbs E. H. , Bergen H. J.
Published: March 2010

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MODIFICATIONS TO THE SWIFT CURRENT FORAGE HARVESTER II
Authors: Thompson J. L.
Published: March 2010

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SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT OF THE EGGS OF HYLEMYA BRASSICAE (BOUCHÉ), AND A SEQUENTIAL SAMPLING PLAN FOR USE IN CONTROL OF THE SPECIES
Authors: Harcourt D. G.
Published: March 2010

Counts of eggs of Hylemya brassicae (Bouché) in cabbage did not conform to the Poisson distribution owing to a preponderance of uninfested and highly infested plants. But when the negative binomial series was fitted to the observed distribution, the discrepancies were not significant when tested by chi-square. The spatial pattern may be described by expansion of (q—px)−k with a common k of 0.95.Three methods of transformation stabilized the variance of field counts. A sequential sampling plan based on the negative binomial distribution and providing for two infestation classes was drawn up for use in control of the insect in the stem brassicas.