bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematic variation of soil infiltration rates within and between the components of the vegetation mosaic in an Australian desert landscape
Authors: Dunkerley David
Published: August 2002

Vegetation mosaics have commonly been thought to include two principal zones with distinctly different hydrology: relatively bare and impermeable runoff source zones (intergroves) and more strongly absorbing vegetated runon zones (groves). However, the data required to verify the internal uniformity of hydrologic response within these components of mosaic landscapes have been lacking, as have data on the nature (abrupt or gradational) of the boundaries between them. This study examines the degree of internal uniformity of key soil properties in the intergroves and groves of an Australian vegetation mosaic.

Infiltration rates, soil water content, shear strength, bulk density and texture were determined at intervals of 1·5–2·5 m across several grove–intergrove cycles of an Australian banded shrubland. Results demonstrate that order‐of‐magnitude variability in soil infiltration rates can occur across intergroves, with lesser variation in groves. Patterns of infiltration are systematically related to slope position. Rates are relatively high in the uppermost parts of the intergrove, and fall to low values only in the lowermost intergrove where soils are mechanically strong. Infiltration rates increase rapidly from the lowermost intergrove to reach maxima within the upper to middle grove, from where rates once again decline toward the next intergrove. However, there is only a gradational change in infiltration rates across the pioneer zone–grove boundary, which is the sharpest of the mosaic boundaries when identified using plant cover data.

Hydrologic models built on the presumption that mapped plant cover units are equally distinct hydrologically may need to be refined to incorporate the presence of systematic internal variability of infiltration rates and gradational change in soil hydraulic properties. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Paclitaxel combined with fractionated radiation in vitro: A study with vulvar squamous cell carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Raitanen Misa , Rantanen Virpi , Kulmala Jarmo , Pulkkinen Jaakko , Klemi Pekka , Grénman Seija , Grénman Reidar
Published: August 2002

Concurrent paclitaxel and radiation has given promising results in the treatment of a variety of solid tumors. We wanted to test the efficacy of this combination for vulvar carcinoma, which currently has a poor outcome in advanced stages. The radiation sensitivity, sublethal damage repair (SLDR) capacity and effect of paclitaxel during fractionated radiation were assessed in our study on 7 vulvar inherently radioresistant squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines. The 96‐well plate clonogenic assay was used. Survival data were fitted to the linear quadratic model. The area under the curve (AUC), equivalent to mean inactivation dose (D̄), was obtained with numerical integration. AUC ratios between single‐dose radiation and fractionated radiation with or without paclitaxel were used to determine the SLDR of the cell lines and the effect of paclitaxel on it. Seven currently tested vulvar SCC cell lines were found to have a limited capacity of repairing sublethal damage (SLD). Only 3 of them presented SLDR of significance. The effect of concurrent radiation and paclitaxel was clearly additive when the radiation dose was fractionated in most of the cell lines. In addition, 2 of the cell lines having SLDR exhibited a trend toward losing the repair capacity when paclitaxel was present during the irradiation. In addition, the survival curve of the UM‐SCV‐1A cell line gave the impression of a true paclitaxel effect on SLDR. Paclitaxel used concurrently with fractionated radiation showed effectiveness on vulvar carcinoma. The effect was at least additive and could even be expected to abrogate the SLDR during split‐dose radiation. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photodynamic therapy with hypericin induces vascular damage and apoptosis in the RIF‐1 mouse tumor model
Authors: Chen Bin , Roskams Tania , Xu Yan , Agostinis Patrizia , de Witte Peter A.M.
Published: August 2002

Hypericin, a polycyclic quinone obtained from plants of the genus Hypericum, has been proven to be a potent photosensitizer. The mechanism of tumor eradication and mode of cell death induced by in vivo photodynamic therapy (PDT) with hypericin were investigated in the present study using 2 therapeutic protocols. RIF‐1 tumors were exposed to laser light at either 0.5 hr or 6 hr after hypericin administration (5 mg/kg, i.v.). A significant reduction in tumor perfusion, as determined by the retention of fluorescein in the tumor tissue, was detected immediately after both PDT treatments. Further decrease in tumor perfusion was observed in the hours after treatment. The re‐establishment of tumor perfusion, however, occurred 24 hr after 6 hr‐interval PDT, but not after 0.5 hr‐interval PDT. The kinetics of tumor cell survival estimated by the in vivo/in vitro clonogenic assay revealed no or limited cell death when tumors were explanted immediately after irradiation, whereas a delayed but progressive cell death was detected when tumors remained in situ after both PDT treatments. The detection of nucleosomal DNA fragmentation by agarose gel electrophoresis or TUNEL assay and the assessment of cell morphology by light microscopy indicated that apoptosis was the most prominent tumor response to hypericin‐mediated PDT. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis of the tumor tissue showed an increased expression of both Fas and Fas ligand after irradiation, suggesting that this cell death pathway might contribute to the overall PDT‐induced apoptotic response. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that apoptosis, likely occurring as a result of vascular damage, is responsible for the tumor eradication by PDT with hypericin in this tumor model. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spontaneous hybridization of macrophages and Meth A sarcoma cells
Authors: Busund Lill‐Tove R. , Killie Mette K. , Bartnes Kristian , Olsen Randi , Seljelid Rolf
Published: August 2002

We present evidence of hybridization between Meth A sarcoma cells and syngeneic as well as semigeneic peritoneal macrophages. The resultant hybrids are characterized by morphology, membrane markers, ploidy, chromosomal content and functional features. Briefly, after a few days of coculture, cells appeared with morphology intermediate between the 2 original cell types. Typical macrophage surface molecules appeared in the hybrids. Meth A cells were labeled with red fluorescence and macrophages with green fluorescence. After 4 days in vitro, hybrids with yellow fluorescence appeared. Macrophages from BALB.K mice (H‐2 Kk) were cocultivated with Meth A cells from BALB/c mice (H‐2 Kd). The semigeneic hybrids displayed both specificities, as demonstrated by flow cytometry. The hybrids appeared moderately phagocytic, less so than the macrophages and markedly more so than the essentially nonphagocytic Meth A cells. The hybrids had a mean number of 76 chromosomes, as opposed to 53 in the Meth A cells and 40 in the macrophages. The macrophage DNA index was set at 1; Meth A cells were found to have an index of 1.6 in G1 phase, and the hybrids had a 2.6 index. The hybrids grew more slowly in vitro than Meth A cells, but grew faster in vivo. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cancer risks in second‐generation immigrants to Sweden
Authors: Hemminki Kari , Li Xinjun
Published: August 2002

We used the nationwide Swedish Family‐Cancer Database to analyze cancer risks in Sweden‐born descendants of immigrants from European and North American countries. Our study included close to 600,000 0–66‐year‐old descendants of an immigrant father or mother. We calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for 17 cancer sites using native Swedes as a reference. All cancer was marginally below the Swedish incidence in offspring of immigrant origin. Decreased SIRs were observed for breast cancer among Norwegian descendants, melanoma among descendants of Hungarian fathers and ovarian and bladder cancer among descendents of Finnish mothers, all consistent with the difference in cancer incidence between Swedes and the indigenous populations. Cervical cancer was increased in daughters of Danish men, whereas thyroid cancer and non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma were in excess in offspring of parents of Yugoslav and Asian descent. Even these results agreed with the high incidence rates in parents compared to Swedes, except that for non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma other explanations are needed; these may be related to immune malfunction. Comparison of the results between the first‐ and the second‐generation immigrants suggest that the first 2 decades of life are important in setting the pattern for cancer development in subsequent life. Birth in Sweden sets the Swedish pattern for cancer incidence, irrespective of the nationality of descent, while entering Sweden in the 20s is already too late to influence the environmentally imprinted program for the cancer destiny. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Klade CS, Dohnal A, Furst W, Sommergruber W, Heider KH, Gharwan H, Ratschek M, Adolf GR. Identification and characterization of 9D7, a novel human protein overexpressed in renal cell carcinoma. International Journal of Cancer 2002;97(2): 217–224.
Authors: Klade CS , Dohnal A , Furst W , Sommergruber W , Heider KH , Gharwan H , Ratschek M , Adolf GR
Published: August 2002

The original article to which this Erratum refers was published in International Journal of Cancer; 2002; 97(2) 217–224.
Risk of pancreatic cancer in relation to alcohol drinking, coffee consumption and medical history: Findings from the Japan collaborative cohort study for evaluation of cancer risk
Authors: Lin Yingsong , Tamakoshi Akiko , Kawamura Takashi , Inaba Yutaka , Kikuchi Shogo , Motohashi Yutaka , Kurosawa Michiko , Ohno Yoshiyuki ,   JACC Study Group
Published: August 2002

We evaluated the associations of such lifestyle factors as alcohol drinking, coffee consumption and medical history with risk of death from pancreatic cancer in a large‐scale prospective cohort study [the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk (JACC study)] in Japan. Subjects were 110,792 (46,465 men and 64,327 women) inhabitants who were enrolled from 45 areas throughout Japan. At baseline, a self‐administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on lifestyle factors and medical history. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate relative risks. During the follow‐up period (mean ± SD 8.1 ± 1.8 years), 225 deaths due to pancreatic cancer were identified. Overall, neither alcohol nor coffee intake was associated with risk of death from pancreatic cancer. Heavy coffee consumption (≥4 cups/day), however, may increase the risk. Men who reported a history of diabetes mellitus and women who reported a history of gallstone/cholecystitis were at significantly (2‐fold) increased risk of death from pancreatic cancer. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Constructing the object: taxonomic practices, ‘counterurbanisation’ and positioning marginal rural settlement
Authors: Halfacree Keith
Published: August 2002

Taxonomic practices, such as classification and categorisation, are an essential part of everyday life and of the work of academics. After introducing these practices and pointing out the selectivity that always goes with them, the paper explores the well‐known population geography phenomenon of counterurbanisation. It is claimed that taxonomic practices have worked hard in the construction of a ‘counterurbanisation story’, a relatively clear‐cut or purified account of population change in rural areas. Residualised within this talk is a range of ‘marginal settlers’. These include ‘new crofters’ in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland and ‘new settlers’ from Southwest England, both of which are introduced here. Although these groups could be integrated within more conventional forms of counterurbanisation, and thus stirred into the counterurbanisation story, this strategy is not advocated here. Instead, through adopting a more dialectical perspective on counterurbanisation overall, marginal settlers can be seen to be examples of both ‘counterurbanisation’ and of a critical alternative to it. This more open perspective is important as it allows greater recognition of the dynamic, practical and social nature of taxonomic practices in general and, more specifically, facilitates an appreciation of a politically radical perspective on rural change. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multicriteria maximum likelihood neural network approach to positron emission tomography
Authors: Wang Yuanmei , Heng Pheng Ann
Published: August 2002

The emerging technology of positron emission image reconstruction is introduced in this paper as a multicriteria optimization problem. We show how selected families of objective functions may be used to reconstruct positron emission images. We develop a novel neural network approach to positron emission imaging problems. We also studied the most frequently used image reconstruction methods, namely, maximum likelihood under the framework of single performance criterion optimization. Finally, we introduced some of the results obtained by various reconstruction algorithms using computer‐generated noisy projection data from a chest phantom and real positron emission tomography (PET) scanner data. Comparison of the reconstructed images indicated that the multicriteria optimization method gave the best in error, smoothness (suppression of noise), gray value resolution, and ghost‐free images. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 11, 361–364, 2000
A Fourier approach to the natural pixel discretization of brain single‐photon emission computed tomography
Authors: Bindi D. , Brianzi P. , Di Benedetto F.
Published: August 2002

We apply the natural pixel (NP) approach to the single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) problem. The NP approach allows us to split the tomographic problem into two subproblems. The first is a linear inverse problem. The data are the measured projections and the linear operator is described by a Gram matrix, and provides a set of coefficients. The second consists of computing the solution of the tomographic problem as a linear combination of the elements of the NP basis with respect to the coefficients obtained by solving the first problem, and it provides a solution for any given grid of points. The spatially varying geometric response of the system is taken into account by properly choosing the elements of the basis. The rotational invariance shown by the elements of the considered basis induces a block circulant structure in the Gram matrix. This structure can be used to reduce the computational efforts needed for solving the inverse problem. In particular, we diagonalize (blockwise) the Gram matrix by applying the discrete Fourier transform and we solve the inverse problem in the frequency domain associated with the rotation angles. We develop numerical validation with synthetic data in order to test the performance of the NP approach and to assess the reliability of the results. A reconstruction of a two‐dimensional image requires 45–94 s, which is an acceptable time for clinical purposes. Finally, we apply the method to acquired clinical data that consist of a three‐dimensional brain scan. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 12, 1–8, 2002
Nonuniform video coding by means of multifoveal geometries
Authors: Rodríguez J.A. , Urdiales C. , Bandera A. , Sandoval F.
Published: August 2002

This paper presents a control mechanism for video transmission that relies on transmitting nonuniform resolution images depending on the delay of the communication channel. These images are built in an active way to keep the areas of interest of the image at the highest resolution available. In order to shift the areas of high resolution over the image and to achieve a data structure that is easy to process by using conventional algorithms, a shifted foveal multiresolution geometry of adaptive size is used. If delays are too high, the resolution areas of the image can be transmitted at different rates. A functional system has been developed for corridor surveillance with static cameras. Tests with real video images have proven that the method allows an almost constant rate of images per second as long as the channel is not collapsed. A new method for determining the areas of interest is also proposed, based on hierarchical object tracking by means of adaptive stabilization of pyramidal structures. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 12, 27–34, 2002
A neural network‐based nonlinear filter for image enhancement
Authors: Zhang S. , Salari E.
Published: August 2002

This paper explores a novel neural network‐based nonlinear filter that has the ability to remove mixed noises and sharpen the edges in noise‐corrupted digital images. The noise is assumed to be a mixture of both Gaussian and impulse types. Initially, a nonlinear filter is used to reduce the noise. The smoothed image is then combined with the output of an edge detector using a synthesizer to provide the effect of noise reducing and edge sharpening. The smoother and synthesizer are designed by using layered neural networks. Simulation results show that the proposed filter can effectively remove the mixed Guassian and impulsive noises and sharpen the edges. It can adapt itself to the various noise environments by learning during the training process. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 12, 56–62, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.10009
The effect of introducing pipelines into irrigation water distribution systems on the farm economy: a case study in the Southern Governorates Rural Development Project, Republic of Yemen1
Authors: Baban Rozgar , Ali Mohammad Aidrus
Published: August 2002

The Southern Governorates Rural Development Project (SGRDP) is a comprehensive participatory rural development project covering three of the five southern Governorates of the Republic of Yemen, namely Hadramaut, Abyan and Lahij. Its objective is to alleviate poverty in rural areas of these three Governorates. A major component of the project is to develop virgin lands for agriculture and allocate each 5 feddan (FD) plot to those farmers who do not own land (1 FD=4200 m2). As the annual rainfall in the project area is less than 100 mm and since landlords and other farmers already own lands suitable for agriculture in the major wadis, the only source of irrigation water in the newly developed land is the groundwater (GW). The SGRDP is aware of the scarcity of water resources in the country, particularly in the project area; it therefore makes every possible effort to optimize the use of GW for irrigation by practical means. One way of reducing GW used for irrigation is by replacing major canals in the farms by buried pipelines. This method has been tried in small‐scale individual farms outside the project area and it proved that farmers could adapt to the system without difficulty. Sprinkler and drip irrigation systems have been tried in many previous agricultural development projects in the country but with no apparent success, as far as the farmers' adoption of the method is concerned. Thus, the project, as the first stage to reduce the use of GW for irrigation in the newly developed areas, planned to eliminate, initially, the conveyance losses by replacing the open canals by buried PVC pipes. In this paper, it is attempted to show that the use of buried pipes in small scale irrigation schemes is financially feasible, even if the indirect and non‐tangible environmental benefits are not considered.

This paper deals only with special GW schemes recommended for the project area; however, the outcome could be generalized and applied elsewhere in the country. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Econometric applications of maxmin expected utility
Authors: Chamberlain Gary
Published: August 2002

Gilboa and Schmeidler (1989) develop a set of axioms for decision making under uncertainty. The axioms imply a utility function and a set of distributions such that the preference ordering is obtained by calculating expected utility with respect to each distribution in the set, and then taking the minimum of expected utility over the set. In a portfolio choice problem, the distributions are joint distributions for the data that will be available when the choice is made and for the future returns that will determine the value of the portfolio. The set of distributions could be generated by combining a parametric model with a set of prior distributions. We apply this framework to obtain a preference ordering over decision rules, which map the data into a choice. We seek a decision rule that maximizes the minimum expected utility (or, equivalently, minimizes maximum risk) over the set of distributions. An algorithm is provided for the case of a finite set of distributions. It is based on solving a concave programme to find the least‐favourable mixture of these distributions. The minimax rule is a Bayes rule with respect to this least‐favourable distribution. The minimax value is a lower bound for minimax risk relative to a larger set of distributions. An upper bound can be found by fixing a decision rule and calculating its maximum risk. We apply the algorithm to an estimation problem in an autoregressive, random‐effects model for panel data. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development and validation of a high‐performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of cocaine, its metabolites and ketamine
Authors: Rofael Hany Z. , Abdel‐Rahman Mohamed S.
Published: August 2002

Cocaine abuse is an extensive problem in the USA. During the past decade, ketamine abuse also has emerged as a public health concern and is now considered a controlled substance. The prevalence of the simultaneous use of cocaine and ketamine has been shown to be high. Previous research indicates that ketamine affects the enzymes that metabolize cocaine. In order to investigate this pharmacokinetic interaction, it was necessary to identify and quantitate each compound. The aim of this study is to develop a method of detecting and resolving cocaine, its metabolites and ketamine. A new precise, accurate and sensitive reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography method has been developed and validated. This assay employed a phosphate‐buffered aqueous mobile phase (pH 6.9) with an organic component consisting of acetonitrile and methanol and a C‐18 column as stationary phase at 225 nm wavelength. Minimum detection limits were 5 ng ml−1for cocaine and 10 ng ml−1for benzoylecgonine, norcocaine and ketamine. Linearity was demonstrated over a broad range of concentration in plasma, with good sensitivity for ketamine, cocaine and cocaine metabolites. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemistry and biocompatibility of alginate‐PLL capsules for immunoprotection of mammalian cells
Authors: de Vos Paul , Hoogmoed Chris G. , Busscher Henk J.
Published: August 2002

Transplantation of encapsulated living cells is a promising approach for the treatment of a wide variety of diseases. Large‐scale application of the technique, however, is hampered by insufficient biocompatibility of the capsules. In order to get means to study factors influencing the biocompatibility of capsule for encapsulation of living cells, we have correlated the chemical composition of the surface of commonly applied alginate‐PLL capsules with the biological response in rats. Capsules prepared of alginates with an intermediate guluronic (G) acid content proved to be biocompatible, whereas capsules prepared of high‐G alginates were overgrown by inflammatory cells. We applied X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy to correlate the biological responses with the chemical compositions of the capsule surfaces. High‐G alginate capsules proved to have a higher PLL content but less surface binding sites for PLL than low‐G alginates. This study, shows for the first time that biological responses against capsules can be successfully correlated to its chemical characteristics. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 60: 252–259, 2002; DOI 10.1002/jbm.10060
Effect of grooved titanium substratum on human osteoblastic cell growth
Authors: Anselme K. , Bigerelle M. , Noël B. , Iost A. , Hardouin P.
Published: August 2002

Various surface treatments have been developed to increase the clinical performance of titanium‐based implants. Many in vitro tests have been carried out on substrates with varied surface topography for a complete understanding of osteoblasts. In previous research, we made the observation that surface roughness must be taken into account, not only in terms of amplitude but also in terms of organization. In this study, we tested the adhesion and proliferation of human primary osteoblasts on grooved titanium surfaces with various amplitudes and organizations of topography. The roughness was described at a scale above (macro‐roughness) or below (micro‐roughness) the cell size. We observed better orientation and proliferation of human osteoblasts on surfaces with a micro‐roughness characterized by a lower Order (parameter describing the organization of topography) and by a higher Ra and Rz (parameters describing the amplitude of topography). It appears that cultured human osteoblasts prefer surfaces with relatively high micro‐roughness amplitude and with a low level of repeatability. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 60: 529–540, 2002
Poly(D,L‐lactic acid‐co‐glycolic acid)‐b‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐poly (D,L‐lactic acid‐co‐glycolic acid) triblock copolymer and thermoreversible phase transition in water
Authors: Shim Myung Seob , Lee Hyung Tak , Shim Woo Sun , Park Insun , Lee Hyunjung , Chang Taihyun , Kim Sung Wan , Lee Doo Sung
Published: August 2002

Novel thermoreversible gelation behavior of aqueous solutions of ABA‐type triblock copolymers composed of the central polyethylene oxide (PEG) block and two poly(D,L‐lactic acid‐co‐glycolic acid) side blocks was found. Phase transition characteristics, such as critical gel concentration (CGC) and lower and upper critical gel temperature (CGT), are closely related to the molecular structure of the triblock copolymers. The CGC and the lower CGT both increases with increasing PEG/PLGA molecular weight ratio. Increasing the GA content in PLGA block induces a somewhat higher CGC. The copolymer forms micelles with a PLGA loop core and a PEG shell in water. Also grouped micelles are identified seemingly due to the bridging of two micelles sharing two PLGA blocks of a block copolymer chain. As the temperature increases the association of micelles increases, which results in gelation. The ABA‐type copolymers exhibit a relatively low CGC (<10%) and low sol‐gel transition temperatures compared to BAB‐type copolymers. As the temperature increases further gel‐sol transition is observed, which would result from the shrinkage of micelles with temperature increase. The hydrodynamic size of the micelles is monitored by dynamic laser scattering, and a possible gelation mechanism was suggested. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 61: 188–196, 2002
Static coefficient of friction between Ti‐6Al‐4V and PMMA for cemented hip and knee implants
Authors: Nuño N. , Amabili M. , Groppetti R. , Rossi A.
Published: August 2002

The static coefficient of friction between Ti‐6Al‐4V and PMMA was determined experimentally. A microtopographic surface analysis of the Ti‐6Al‐4V and PMMA specimens used in the experiments was performed to characterize the surfaces. The coefficient of friction between Ti‐6Al‐4V and PMMA in both dry and wet conditions, using both Ringer's solution and bovine serum, was determined by the standard inclined plane test, following the ASTM 4516‐91 method, and by a prototype computerized sliding friction tester. The effects of surface roughness and of contact pressure on the coefficient of friction also have been investigated. Tests were performed at 26°C and at body temperature of 37°C. Considering all the tests, the overall range of the mean coefficients of friction varied between 0.17 and 0.32 in dry or wet conditions. For the same surface roughness in contact, in general the coefficient of friction using Ringer's solution was slightly lower than it was in dry conditions whereas bovine serum had a very high surface tension, which significantly increased the static coefficient of friction. ©2001 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 59: 191–200, 2002
Interface‐mediated synthesis of hydroxyapatite
Authors: Pham Minh T. , Matz Wolfgang , Reuther Helfried , Richter Edgar , Steiner Gerald , Oswald Steffen
Published: August 2002

Interfacing of water vapor and titanium was employed for a controlled synthesis of surface‐supported hydroxyapatite. In this approach, a Ti surface was doped with Ca and P by ion implantation and then subjected to a hydrothermal treatment in a water vapor autoclave. Ion implantation served to prepare a reactive blend of finely dispersed reactants in a stoichiometric ratio incorporated within the network of an outermost layer of the substrate surface. Needle‐like carbonate hydroxyapatite in an overlay was identified to deposit onto the surface. The results suggest interface‐mediated thin film formation and phase transformation. ©2001 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 59: 254–258, 2002
Soft and hard tissue response to photocrosslinked poly(propylene fumarate) scaffolds in a rabbit model
Authors: Fisher John P. , Vehof Johan W. M. , Dean David , van der Waerden Jan Paul C. M. , Holland Theresa A. , Mikos Antonios G. , Jansen John A.
Published: August 2002

The treatment of large cranial defects may be greatly improved by the development of precisely formed bone tissue engineering scaffolds. Such scaffolds could be constructed by using UV laser stereolithography to photocrosslink a linear, biodegradable polymer into a three‐dimensional implant. We have previously presented a method to photocrosslink the biodegradable polyester, poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF). To ensure the safety and effectiveness of this technique, the soft and hard tissue response to photocrosslinked PPF scaffolds of different pore morphologies was investigated. Four classes of photocrosslinked PPF scaffolds, constructed with differing porosities (57–75%) and pore sizes (300–500 or 600–800 μm), were implanted both subcutaneously and in 6.3‐mm‐diameter cranial defects in a rabbit model. The rabbits were sacrificed at 2 and 8 weeks, and the implants were analyzed by light microscopy, histological scoring analysis, and histomorphometric analysis. Results showed the PPF scaffolds elicit a mild tissue response in both soft and hard tissues. Inflammatory cells, vascularization, and connective tissue were observed at 2 weeks; a decrease in inflammatory cell density and a more organized connective tissue were observed at 8 weeks. Scaffold porosity and scaffold pore size were not found to significantly affect the observed tissue response. Evidence of scaffold surface degradation was noted both by histology and histomorphometric analysis. Bone ingrowth in PPF scaffolds implanted into cranial defects was <3% of the defect area. The results indicate that photocrosslinked PPF scaffolds are biocompatible in both soft and hard tissues and thus may be an attractive platform for bone tissue engineering. © 2001 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 59: 547–556, 2002
Displacement of histamine from liver cells and cell components by ligands for cytochromes P450
Authors: Brandes Lorne J. , Queen Gary M. , LaBella Frank S.
Published: August 2002

Intracellular histamine (HA) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450) each have been proposed as mediators of cell function, growth, and proliferation. The P450 family of heme enzymes is found in virtually all cells and generates, transforms, or inactivates steroids and other lipids that participate in cell regulation. We previously demonstrated a second messenger role for HA in blood platelets and the formation of a HA‐P450 heme complex when exogenous HA was added to microsomes isolated from rat liver cells or to purified human P450 isozymes. Employing a radioimmunoassay, we now demonstrate that rat liver slices, microsomes derived from the livers of adult male rats and mast cell‐deficient mice, and hepatoma cells, all contain endogenous HA. HA release from microsomes into the incubation medium, as determined by radioimmunoassay, is enhanced in the presence of carbon monoxide, steroids, and certain drugs, all agents that unite either directly with the iron atom or bind elsewhere within the heme cavity. Rat liver slices preincubated with 3H‐HA release labeled amine into the medium in the presence of those same ligands. These findings provide evidence of an in situ HA‐P450 complex and offer further support that the imidazole, HA, is a physiological, intracellular modulator of cytochromes P450 in liver cells, and perhaps of these and other heme proteins in tissues in general. J. Cell. Biochem. 85: 820–824, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
p53 down‐regulates human bradykinin B1 receptor gene expression
Authors: Yang Xionghu , Taylor Linda , Polgar Peter
Published: August 2002

The tumor suppressor, p53, has been shown to transcriptionally activate or silence a number of target genes. As an activator, p53 relies on its specific consensus sequence within the promoter. It is not clear whether p53 requires a specific DNA binding site in its action as a gene repressor. This report demonstrates that the human BKB1R gene is a p53 target. Expression of p53 in transiently transfected SV40‐transformed IMR90 cells strongly suppressed luciferase reporter activity driven by a 1.8 kb BKB1R promoter as well as its minigene. These down‐regulations were p53 dose‐dependent. p53 reduced both basal and induced promoter activities of the minigene. Expression of p53 abolished the inducibility of the minigene. Induction of endogenous p53 expression by etoposide also inhibited promoter activity and minigene inducibility. Replacing the region containing both the putative p53 binding site and the TATA‐box with a basal adenovirus promoter in the 1.8 kb promoter construct did not prevent p53 from inhibiting BKB1R promoter activity. Thus suppression by p53 is not mediated by competition with the TATA‐binding protein and is not through interaction with the putative p53‐binding site. p53 also does not appear to suppress BKB1R gene expression through interaction with c‐Jun which functions in the inducibility of this gene [Yang et al., 2001]. J. Cell. Biochem. 82: 38–45, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chemistry with ADF
Authors: te Velde G. , Bickelhaupt F. M. , Baerends E. J. , Fonseca Guerra C. , van Gisbergen S. J. A. , Snijders J. G. , Ziegler T.
Published: August 2002

We present the theoretical and technical foundations of the Amsterdam Density Functional (ADF) program with a survey of the characteristics of the code (numerical integration, density fitting for the Coulomb potential, and STO basis functions). Recent developments enhance the efficiency of ADF (e.g., parallelization, near order‐N scaling, QM/MM) and its functionality (e.g., NMR chemical shifts, COSMO solvent effects, ZORA relativistic method, excitation energies, frequency‐dependent (hyper)polarizabilities, atomic VDD charges). In the Applications section we discuss the physical model of the electronic structure and the chemical bond, i.e., the Kohn–Sham molecular orbital (MO) theory, and illustrate the power of the Kohn–Sham MO model in conjunction with the ADF‐typical fragment approach to quantitatively understand and predict chemical phenomena. We review the “Activation‐strain TS interaction” (ATS) model of chemical reactivity as a conceptual framework for understanding how activation barriers of various types of (competing) reaction mechanisms arise and how they may be controlled, for example, in organic chemistry or homogeneous catalysis. Finally, we include a brief discussion of exemplary applications in the field of biochemistry (structure and bonding of DNA) and of time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) to indicate how this development further reinforces the ADF tools for the analysis of chemical phenomena. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 931–967, 2001
6‐31G* basis set for third‐row atoms
Authors: Rassolov Vitaly A. , Ratner Mark A. , Pople John A. , Redfern Paul C. , Curtiss Larry A.
Published: August 2002

Medium basis sets based upon contractions of Gaussian primitives are developed for the third‐row elements Ga through Kr. The basis functions generalize the 6‐31G and 6‐31G* sets commonly used for atoms up to Ar. A reexamination of the 6‐31G* basis set for K and Ca developed earlier leads to the inclusion of 3d orbitals into the valence space for these atoms. Now the 6‐31G basis for the whole third‐row K through Kr has six primitive Gaussians for 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, and 3p orbitals, and a split‐valence pair of three and one primitives for valence orbitals, which are 4s, 4p, and 3d. The nature of the polarization functions for third‐row atoms is reexamined as well. The polarization functions for K, Ca, and Ga through Kr are single set of Cartesian d‐type primitives. The polarization functions for transition metals are defined to be a single 7f set of uncontracted primitives. Comparison with experimental data shows good agreement with bond lengths and angles for representative vapor‐phase metal complexes. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 976–984, 2001
Gas‐phase detection of the HBCC (X1Σ) molecule: a combined crossed beam and computational study of the B(2P)+C2H2(1Σg+) reaction
Authors: Balucani N. , Asvany O. , Lee Y. T. , Kaiser R. I. , Galland N. , Rayez M. T. , Hannachi Y.
Published: August 2002

A novel supersonic beam of ground‐state boron atoms [B(2P)] was employed to investigate the reaction of B(2P) with acetylene [C2H2(1Σg+)] at an average collision energy of 16.3±0.4 kJ mol−1 at the most fundamental microscopic level. The crossed molecular beam technique was used to record time of flight spectra at mass to charge ratios of 36 (11BC2H+), 35 (10BC2H+/11BC2+), and 34 (10BC2+) at different laboratory angles. Forward‐convolution fitting of the laboratory data showed that only a product with the gross formula BC2H was formed via a boron versus hydrogen exchange. By combining experimental results with electronic structure calculations, the conclusion was that the reaction proceeded via the initial addition of B(2P) to the two carbon atoms of acetylene, leading to the formation of a first intermediate, the borirene radical (c‐BC2H2). This intermediate underwent various isomerization processes on the BC2H2 potential energy surface before decomposing into the linear HBCC(X1Σ) isomer via a hydrogen atom elimination. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 1359–1365, 2001
Chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia: Clinical assessment and treatment
Authors: Friedberg Fred , Jason Leonard A.
Published: August 2002

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and fibromyalgia (FM) are closely related illnesses of uncertain etiology. This article reviews the research literature on these biobehavioral conditions, with an emphasis on explanatory models, clinical evaluation of comorbid psychiatric disorders, assessment of stress factors, pharmacologic and alternative therapies, and cognitive‐behavioral treatment studies. Furthermore, clinical protocols suitable for professional practice are presented based on an integration of the authors' clinical observations with published data. The article concludes with the recognition that mental health professionals can offer substantial help to these patients. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 433–455, 2001
Multiple sclerosis: Empirical literature for the clinical health psychologist
Authors: Mohr David C. , Cox Darcy
Published: August 2002

This article reviews the empirical literature related to clinical health psychology in multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is a disease in which the immune system attacks the central nervous system. As such, the interactions between medical and psychological variables are complex, and potentially of considerable importance to patients. Common neuropsychological and psychological problems associated with MS and their etiologies are reviewed. The effects of stress and depression on MS exacerbation are discussed, including clinical, immune, endocrine, and neuroimaging findings. The types of coping common in MS and their effects on adjustment are discussed. The empirical literature on psychological and neuropsychological intervention is reviewed. The small literature on caregiving in MS is also summarized. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 479–499, 2001
Treatment of fibromyalgia incorporating EEG‐Driven stimulation: A clinical outcomes study
Authors: Mueller Horst H. , Donaldson C.C. Stuart , Nelson David V. , Layman Mellisa
Published: August 2002

Thirty patients from a private clinical practice who met the 1990 American College of Rheumatology criteria for fibromyalgia syndrome (FS) were followed prospectively through a brainwave‐based intervention known as electroencephalograph (EEG)‐driven stimulation or EDS. Patients were initially treated with EDS until they reported noticeable improvements in mental clarity, mood, and sleep. Self‐reported pain, then, having changed from vaguely diffuse to more specifically localized, was treated with very modest amounts of physically oriented therapies. Pre‐ to posttreatment and extended follow‐up comparisons of psychological and physical functioning indices, specific FS symptom ratings, and EEG activity revealed statistically significant improvements. EDS appeared to be the prime initiator of therapeutic efficacy. Future research is justified for controlled clinical trials and to better understand disease mechanisms. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 933–952, 2001.
Psychometric properties of goal‐attainment scaling in the assessment of mann's time‐limited psychotherapy
Authors: Shefler Gaby , Canetti Laura , Wiseman Hadas
Published: August 2002

This study tested the reliability and validity of Goal‐Attainment Scaling (GAS) in assessing outcome in Mann's Time‐Limited Psychotherapy (TLP). Judges constructed GAS scales for 33 patients on five dimensions: severity of symptoms, self‐esteem, same‐sex friendships, romantic relationships, and work performance. Patients in the treatment group received 12 sessions of TLP, whereas controls were in a waiting list for the same period of time (12 weeks) before starting time‐limited psychotherapy. Judges rated all patients on GAS before beginning therapy, at termination, and follow‐up. Mean interrater reliability of scores between pairs of judges was r = .88. Convergent validity of the GAS was confirmed by moderate to high correlations with the Health–Sickness Rating Scale (r = .70, p < .001), the Target Complaints Scale (r = .50, p < .01), and the Brief Symptom Inventory (r = .38, p < .05). The findings are discussed and recommendations are made for the reliable and valid use of the GAS in psychotherapy outcome research. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 971–979, 2001.
Validity of the MMPI‐2 basic and Harris–Lingoes subscales in a forensic sample
Authors: Osberg Timothy M. , Poland Danielle L.
Published: August 2002

The present study explored the MMPI‐2 correlates of criminal history in a sample of prison inmates. Although Ma was the only basic scale to demonstrate a significant positive association to crime history, three Harris–Lingoes subscales also bore significant associations to this criterion. The Ma1 (amorality), Pd2 (authority problems), and Pd5 (self‐alienation) subscales demonstrated positive associations with crime history. Hierarchical multiple‐regression analyses were used to examine the incremental validity of the D, Pd, and Ma Harris–Lingoes subscales when added to their parent scales in the prediction of crime history. Only the Pd Harris–Lingoes subscales demonstrated incremental validity in the prediction of this criterion. The value of including the Ma and Pd Harris–Lingoes subscales in criminal risk assessment is discussed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 1369–1380, 2001.
Comparison of the Mexican and American norms of the MMPI‐2
Authors: Lucio Emilia , Ampudia Amada , Durán Consuelo , León Ivonne , Butcher James N.
Published: August 2002

This article presents the results of the norms for the Mexican general population in comparison with the North American normative population. This study addresses psychopathology from the point of view in which emic and etic traditions are combined. The Mexican sample includes 1744 adults from different regions of the country. Means and standard deviations were calculated and compared with the North‐American normative sample. Cronbach α coefficients also were obtained. The greatest differences observed were in the scales L (lies) and 5 (masculinity–femininity), which indicates that the greater distinctions between both populations are with respect to test‐taking attitude in taking the test, which may be due to cultural factors. In comparison to the American norms, the Mexican population does not show psychopathology on the MMPI‐2 scales. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 1459–1468, 2001.
Potential clients' beliefs about the relative competency and caring of psychologists: Implications for the profession
Authors: Bremer Barbara A. , Foxx Richard M. , Lee Midge , Lykins Dana , Mintz Venus R. , Stine Emily
Published: August 2002

To assess the extent to which the results reported by Warner and Bradley (1991) can be generalized beyond the population of undergraduate psychology students, 132 adults in the metropolitan Harrisburg area were asked to evaluate the competency and traits of clinical psychologists, licensed professional counselors, and psychiatrists. Results indicated that the general public believed counselors to be more caring than psychologists and psychiatrists. All three professional groups were perceived to be comparable in their ability to treat the least severe disorders. Licensed counselors were perceived to be most competent to treat disorders rated by the subjects as moderately severe, comparable in competence to clinical psychologists for adjustment disorders, and comparable to psychiatrists for marital problems. Psychiatrists and psychologists were considered the most competent to treat the most severe disorder, major depression. The results indicate that while clinical psychologists often were viewed as competent, they were not viewed as the single practitioner of choice for any diagnostic classification, nor were they noted to have positive character traits. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 1479–1488, 2001.
Personality and psychopathology profiles of veterans' wives: Measuring distress using the MMPI‐2
Authors: Alessi Marycely W. , Ray JoAnne White , Ray Glen E. , Stewart Scott J.
Published: August 2002

The present study compared personality and psychopathology profiles of veterans' wives against married women in the MMPI‐2 restandardization sample. Differences in levels of distress and pathology were analyzed using the validity, clinical, and content scales of the MMPI‐2. As expected, veterans' wives, when compared to restandardization wives, reported higher levels of psychopathology and distress, with symptoms such as depression, social maladjustment, and other negative, internal symptomatic behaviors. Findings are discussed in terms of the need for additional research examining this “at‐risk” population. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 1535–1542, 2001.