bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Culture in Action: Family Life, Emotion, and Male Dominance in Banaras, India
Authors: Osella Caroline
Published: January 2005

Culture in Action: Family Life, Emotion, and Male Dominance in Banaras, India. STEVE DERNÉ. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995. xiii. 232 pp., index, bibliography, notes, appendix.
Children of the Urban Poor: The Sociocultural Environment of Growth, Development, and Malnutrition in Guatemala City
Authors: Cosminsky Sheila
Published: January 2005

Children of the Urban Poor: The Sociocultural Environment of Growth, Development, and Malnutrition in Guatemala City. FRANCIS E. JOHNSTON and SETHA M. LOW. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1995. xiii. 189 pp., references, tables, figures.
Ritual Healing and the Politics of Identity in Contemporary Navajo Society
Authors: Csordas Thomas J.
Published: January 2005

Ritual healing and identity politics interact on three levels in contemporary Navajo society: representation of Navajo identity in relation to the dominant Euro‐American society, interaction among religious healing traditions within Navajo society, and transformation of individual experience with respect to dignity and self‐worth as a Navajo. The first is illustrated with two events: an epidemic ofhanta virus and a serious drought. The second is examined with respect to the coexistence of traditional Navajo healing, Native American Church healing, and Navajo Christian faith healing. The third is discussed in terms of case studies of Navajo patients who have used these forms of heal ing. These levels constitute a framework for analyzing the relation between healing and identity politics that is potentially more nuanced than either the position that ritual healing is a futile expression of frustration—the opiate of the masses interpretation—or that ritual healing is a subtle form of political resistance—the postmodern liberation of the indigenous voice interpretation. Future studies using such a framework could begin to distinguish more clearly between a personal politics of collective identity, in which individual actors with clear commitments struggle to assert a shared identity, and a collective politics of personal identity, in which each actor among a group of actors with ambiguous commitments struggles to attain individual identity, [religion, healing, ritual, identity politics, Navajo, Native American Church, Christianity]
Bagagešu (Those of My Home): Women Migrants, Ethnicity, and Performance in South Africa
Authors: James Deborah
Published: January 2005

The efforts of southern African women migrant workers to gain control of resources in the linked spheres of urban workplace and rural base have rarely been characterized —by anthropologists or local communities—as ethnic in nature. This suggests the truth of the southern African Tswana proverb that "women have no tribe." It is puzzling, though, that women are seen in other contexts as quintessentially traditional. I discuss this paradox, referring to the mobilization of a sotho identity centered on the ideas of "family" and "home" by groups of migrant women performers from South Africa's Northern Province. Both ideas are expressed and symbolized in emotive terms that make them appear intrinsic or primordial in nature, but both on closer examination emerge as complex combinations of ascription and achievement. Women migrants' claim to be sotho gives them a right to a voice in the public arena. The right to a voice derives in part from the proximity with male migrants' ethnic identity, but it also speaks of a new and autonomous identity that selects and interweaves elements from the shifting terrains of sotho man‐ and womanhood. It is through an ideal of moral and musical goodness, played out in the practices of musical performance, that elements of gender and ethnic identity converge and are negotiated, [performance, ethnicity, labor migration, home, family, gender]
Critical White Studies: Looking behind the Mirror
Authors: Linde‐Laursen Anders
Published: January 2005

Critical White Studies: Looking behind the Mirror. Richard Delgado and Jean Stefancic. eds. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1997. xviii. 680 pp., contributors, Index.
Studying Native America: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Taylor Christina M.
Published: January 2005

Studying Native America: Problems and Prospects. Russell Thornton. ed. Madison. University of Wisconsin Press, 1998. xvii. 443 pp., contributors, Index.
Pathways of Memory and Power: Ethnography and History among an Andean People
Authors: Rogers Mark
Published: January 2005

Pathways of Memory and Power: Ethnography and History among an Andean People. Thomas A. Abercrombie. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1998. xxviii. 603 pp., illustrations, notes, glossary, references, index.
Syncretic Subjects and Body Politics: Doubleness, Personhood, and Aymara Catechists
Authors: Orta Andrew
Published: January 2005

Missionaries describe the Aymara catechists with whom they work as "divided in two"—part "Aymara" and part "Christian." This characterization of partial cultural merging links a dualizing paradigm of embodiment with a dualizing approach to conjunctural settings familiar from much of the Andean ethnographic literature and casts Aymara as passive indices of colonial and postcolonial history. Drawing upon contrasting approaches to embodiment and identity, and illustrating these with data from the Aymara case, I examine the positioned practices by which catechists realize such composite settings as coherent lived worlds. [Aymara, Bolivia, embodiment, identity, missionization, personhood, syncretism]
GroomingQue zi:Marriage Exclusion and Identity Formation Among Disabled Men in Contemporary China
Authors: Kohrman Matthew
Published: January 2005

Using a form of narrative analysis, I explore how marriage in contemporary China influences people's identity formation as "men with disabilities." In particular, I examine how local practices of marriage exclusion shape the definition, marginalization, and experience of men who have trouble walking. This discussion is more phenomenological than most previous accounts of men's experiences of marriage in Chinese Society, [marriage, disability, identity, body, manhood, narrative, China]
Bodies and Persons: Comparative Perspectives from Africa and Melanesia
Authors: Desjarlais Robert
Published: January 2005

Bodies and Persons: Comparative Perspectives from Africa and Melanesia. Michael Fambek and Andrew Strathern. eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. xii. 298 pp., illustrations, contributors, bibliography, index.
Enslaving History: Narratives on Local Whiteness in a Black Atlantic Port
Authors: Brown Jacqueline Nassy
Published: January 2005

In this article, I analyze the jointly racial and spatial politics of representing slavery in contemporary Liverpool, England. I show how central space and place are to black Liverpudlians' theories of racial processes and therefore to their anti racist activism. While I highlight the agency of subalterns in constituting the white identity of the city and its population, I also point to some of the limitations of their antiracist practice and that of their white supporters.
Toward that goal, I draw lessons from the antebellum slave narrative because its authors also understood and reappropriated slavery's geopolitics, navigating similarly racialized terrain. [whiteness, space, place, locality, transnational ism, slavery, Britain]
Transformations in Trade and the Constitution of Gender and Rank in Northeast India
Authors: Borooah Romy
Published: January 2005

I examine transformations in long‐distance trade in a highland community in northeast India over a period of 35 years. I link changes in demand for trade goods to shifts in the political subjectivities of the Wancho as they are incorporated into the Indian state and to the consumer choices made by chiefs and commoners, women and men as they utilize opportunities to alter patterns of labor inhering in the local conceptions of gender and social rank. [consumption, trade, gender, labor allocation, hill tribe, northeast India]
Permeable Homes: Domestic Service, Household Space, and the Vulnerability of Class Boundaries in Urban India
Authors: Dickey Sara
Published: January 2005

Servants' movements into and out of middle‐ and upper‐class homes in the South Indian city of Madurai create a mixing of outside and inside spaces. Employers feel that this mixing threatens the security of their homes and class standing. Yet, because the presence of servants is a necessary marker of class, employers attempt to contain the threat by buttressing the symbolic boundaries of the household, controlling domestic workers' movements through space, and manipulating workers' closeness to and distance from employers. These employers' accounts and actions reveal central concepts of and anxieties about class in contemporary urban India. [class, space, domestic service, women, domesticity]
Social Structure and Change: Theory and Method—An Evaluation ofthe Work of M. N.Srinivas
Authors: Wadley Susan S.
Published: January 2005

Social Structure and Change: Theory and Method—An Evaluation ofthe Work of M. N. Srinivas. A. M. Shah. B. S. Baviskar. and E. A. Ramaswamy. eds., vol. 1. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1996. 234 pp., bibliography of M. N. Srinivas, notes on contributors, index.
African Voices, African Lives: Personal Narratives from a Swahili Village
Authors: Simpson Anthony
Published: January 2005

African Voices, African Lives: Personal Narratives from. Swahtli Village. Pat Caplan. New York: Routledge, 1997. xiv. 267 pp., map, figures, glossary, notes, references, index.
High Art Down Home: An Economic Ethnography of a Local Art Market
Authors: George Kenneth M.
Published: January 2005

High Art Down Home: An Economic Ethnography of. Local Art Market. Stuart Planner. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996. xiii. 250 pp., index, bibliography, notes, glossary, appendixes, tables, figures.
Shining and other Paths: War and Society in Peru 1980‐1995
Authors: Knowlton David
Published: January 2005

Shining and other Paths: War and Society in Peru 1980‐1995. Steve J. Stern. ed. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1998. xiv. 534 pp., maps, photographs, figures, bibliography, index, contributors.
The Politics of Dead Bodies: Reburial and Postsocialist Change
Authors: Ries Nancy
Published: January 2005

The Politics of Dead Bodies: Reburial and Postsocialist Change. Katherine Verdery. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999. xvi. 185 pp., illustrations, figures, table, notes, references, index.
Claiming the Virgin: The Broken Promise of Liberation Theology in Brazil
Authors: Hale Lindsay
Published: January 2005

Claiming the Virgin: The Broken Promise of Liberation Theology in Brazil. Robin Nagle. New York: Routledge, 1997. xiii. 224 pp., addendums, notes, glossary, bibliography, index.
The Irish Language in Northern Ireland: The Politics of Culture and Identity
Authors: Urla Jacqueline
Published: January 2005

The Irish Language in Northern Ireland: The Politics of Culture and Identity. Camille C. O'Reilly. New York: St. Martin's Press, Inc., 1999. ix. 213 pp., maps, appendix, notes, bibliography, glossary, index.
Citizenship and Indigenous Australians: Changing Conceptions and Possibilities
Authors: Furniss Elizabeth
Published: January 2005

Citizenship and Indigenous Australians: Changing Conceptions and Possibilities. Nicolas Peterson and Will Sanders, eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. ix. 222 pp., index.
Lawrence of Arabia: A Film's Anthropology
Authors: Fruzzetti Lina
Published: January 2005

Lawrence of Arabia:. Film's Anthropology. Steven C. Caton. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999. ix. 301 pp., illustrations, figures, photographs, notes, bibliography, index.
Market Cultures: Society and Morality in the New Asian Capitalisms
Authors: Moench Richard
Published: January 2005

Market Cultures: Society and Morality in the New Asian Capitalisms. Robert W. Hefner. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1998. vii. 328 pp., index.
Everyday Spirits and Medical Interventions: Ethnographic and Historical Notes on Therapeutic Conventions in Zanzibar Town
Authors: Masquelier Adeline
Published: January 2005

Everyday Spirits and Medical Interventions: Ethnographic and Historical Notes on Therapeutic Conventions in Zanzibar Town. Tapio Nisula. Saarijarvi: Transactions of the Finnish Anthropological Society, 1999. 321 pp., appendix, bibliography, glossary.
Envisioning Identity: Deity, Person, and Practice in the Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Owens Bruce McCoy
Published: January 2005

Through an analysis of diverse accounts offered by those who perform "god's work" for a large religious festival in the Kathmandu Valley, I argue that the oppositional frameworks typically used to understand divergent perspectives are inadequate to understand the multifocal polyphony that these accounts (as well as most other ethnographic settings) present. The terms of argument upon which conflicting accounts agree suggest that esoteric concepts of visualization (sadhana) resonate with popular modes of constructing identities of gods and selves and that this shared understanding helps account for the reproduction and transformation of the many dimensions of contestation that have characterized this festival for centuries.[Nepal, Newar, hermeneutic contestation, multifocal polyphony, identity, religion, ritual, tantra]
Renovating Ecology
Authors: Haenn Nora
Published: January 2005

Transforming the Indonesian Uplands. Tania Murray Li. ed. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1999. xxiv. 319 pp., illustrations, maps, index.

Cultural Memory and Biodiversity. Virginia D. Nazarea. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1998. xiv+189 pp., figures, tables, notes, bibliography, index.

Ethnoecology: Situated Knowledge/Located Lives. Virginia D. Nazarea. ed. Tucson. University of Arizona Press, 1998. xii. 299 pp., index.

Green Place,. Good Place: Agrarian Change, Gender, and Social Identity in the Great Lakes Region to the 15th Century. David Lee Schoenbrun. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 1998. xiv. 301 pp., maps, figures, illustrations, photographs, bibliography, index.
National Past‐Times: Narrative, Representation, and Power in Modern China
Authors: Gillette Maris Boyd
Published: January 2005

National Past‐Times: Narrative, Repre‐ sentation, and Power in Modern China. Ann Anagnost. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1997. viii +231 pp., figures, notes, bibli‐ ography, index.
Confronting the Present: Towards a Politically Engaged Anthropology
Authors: Vincent Joan
Published: January 2005

Confronting the Present: Towards. Politically Engaged Anthropology. Gavin Smith. Oxford: Berg, 1999. ix. 296 pp., references, index.
Camera Indica: The Social Life of Indian Photographs
Authors: Ghosh Gautam
Published: January 2005

Camera Indica: The Social Life of Indian Photographs. Christopher Pinney. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997. 240 pp., glossary, references, bibliography, illustrations, index.
Culture: A Problem that Cannot Be Solved./Culture in Mind: Cognition, Culture, and the Problem of Meaning
Authors: Lester Rebecca
Published: January 2005

Culture:. Problem that Cannot Be Solved. Charles W. Nuckolls. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1998. ix. 301 pp., figures, tables, bibliography, index.

Culture in Mind: Cognition, Culture, and the Problem of Meaning. Bradd Shore. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996. xii. 428 pp., figures, bibliography, index.
Recovering the Nation's Body: Cultural Memory, Medicine, and the Politics of Redemption
Authors: Sharp Lesley A.
Published: January 2005

Recovering the Nation's Body: Cultural Memory, Medicine, and the Politics of Redemption. Linda A. Hogle. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1999. ix. 242 pp., figures, tables, appendix, notes, glossary, bibliography, index.
Religion, Dress and the Body
Authors: Crain Mary M.
Published: January 2005

Religion, Dress and the Body. Linda B. Arthur. ed. Oxford: Berg Publishers, 1999. vii. 203 pp., illustrations, photographs, index.
How Does Music mean? Embodied Memories and the Politics of Affect in the Indian Sarangi
Authors: Qureshi Regula
Published: January 2005

In this article, I bring the multidimensional sensory medium of music into the anthropological conversation on meaning and embodiment Based on a study of the sarangi that is frankly experiential as well as broadly referenced (India, Pakistan, North America), I explore how an instrument can become an icon of intense affect and performance contexts privileged sites for enacting and contesting cultural memories in the face of hegemonic resign ification across India's political transformation from feudal‐colonial to urban‐bourgeois dominance. [meaning, embodiment, affect, memory, performance, ethnography, ethnomusicology, India, Pakistan, sarangi, music, instrument, nautch]
Remotely Global: Village Modernity in West Africa
Authors: Foster Robert J.
Published: January 2005

Remotely Global: Village Modernity in West Africa. Charles Piot. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999. ix. 220 pp., maps, pho‐ tographs, notes, references, index.
Christians and Chiefs in Zimbabwe: A Social History of the Huasa People
Authors: Marx Christoph
Published: January 2005

Christians and Chiefs in Zimbabwe:. Social History of the Huasa People. David Maxwell. Westport, CO: Praeger, 1999. vi. 291 pp., maps, photographs, tables, appendixes, notes, bibliography, index.
Violence in Nigeria: The Crisis of Religious Politics and Secular Ideologies
Authors: Ferguson Jack
Published: January 2005

Violence in Nigeria: The Crisis of Religious Politics and Secular Ideologies. Toyin Falola. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press, 1998. ix. 386 pp., tables, maps, appendix, notes, bibliography, index.
Mangrove Man: Dialogics of Culture in the Sepik Estuary
Authors: Anderson Astrid
Published: January 2005

Mangrove Man: Dialogics of Culture in the Sepik Estuary. David Lipset. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997. xvii. 335 pp., figures, tables, glossary, notes, references, index.
Anti‐Drug Crusades in Twentieth‐Century China: Nationalism, History, and State Building
Authors: Bracey Dorothy
Published: January 2005

Anti‐Drug Crusades in Twentieth‐Century China: Nationalism, History, and State Building. Zhou Yongming. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers,1999. ix. 195 pp., tables, photographs, notes, bibliography, index.
Modern Forests: Statemaking and Environmental Change in Colonial Eastern India
Authors: Thin Neil
Published: January 2005

Modern Forests: Statemaking and Environmental Change in Colonial Eastern India. K. Sivaramakrishnan. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1999. ix. 341 pp., illustrations, tables, bibliography, index.
The Way I See It: Perspectives on the Labor Movement from the People in It
Authors: Erem Suzan , Durrenberger E. Paul
Published: January 2005

We have woven union representative Suzan Erem's personal essay on the passions and pitfalls of her chosen vocation with italicized statements that Paul Durrenberger recorded from workers at meetings and during interviews with stewards, reps, and union officers to depict some points of view about the labor movement in the United States today that are not articulated by unions, their opponents, or the press. These sometimes contradictory inside views come from several different structural positions. Paul Durrenberger collected the interview material during the course of a study that involved a number of worksites and the staff of Local 73, all in the Chicago area.
Cracking the Boundaries of Urban Life in the United States
Authors: Stoller Paul
Published: January 2005

Philippe Bourgois. In Search of Respect: Selling Crack in El Barrio. New York and London: Cambridge University Press, 1995. 392 pp., 14 halftones,. map,. table. (Honorable Mention, Victor Turner Prize for Ethnography Writing, 1996.)
Imaging and Imagining the Geographic Other
Authors: Sturken Marita
Published: January 2005

Catherine A. Lutz and Jane L. Collins. Reading National Geographic. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993. xvii. 309 pp.
The Gun, the Pen, and the Cannoli: Orality and Writing in The Godfather, Part I
Authors: Sutton David , Wogan Peter
Published: January 2005

The overwhelming popularity of The Godfather argues for the fact that it serves as an American myth by suggesting resolutions to key contradictions in American society. These contradictions focus on the relationship between impersonal capitalism and the personal world of family relations. While this has been noted in previous studies of the film, the key symbolic tension between orality and writing has gone unnoticed. In this article we argue that food acts as a symbol of personal honor, ethnic authenticity, and family relations, which is brought into tension with the written word. For Don Corleone, food and drink set up cycles of long‐term exchange relationships, they seal oral contracts, and make “friendships” (i.e., business relationships). These are counterposed to the impersonal and. pseudo‐rational world of money and the written contract, as represented in this film by the non‐Italian world and the American legal system. Through the revelation of previously unexplored symbolic tensions, we hope to show the value of applying anthropological analysis to popular films.
Dentro el silencio (From inside the Quiet)
Authors: Bellino Michelle
Published: January 2005

Based on the true testimony of an Argentine man who lived through the Dirty War, Dentro el silencio is a fictionalized account of the life of an Argentine boy in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Gastón looks back on his life as an adolescent boy in a middle‐class family. He and his friends start a secret society called the Centro and become part of the resistance movement in the only way they can.
Visual Culture in Africa
Authors: Roberts Allen F.
Published: January 2005

Paul S. Landau and Deborah D. Kaspin. eds. Images and Empires: Visuality in Colonial and Postcolonial Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002. xvi. 380 pp.
Addressing Crucial Issues of the Twenty‐First Century: Conceptualizing Human Rights in Culturally Specific Contexts
Authors: Krulfeld Ruth M.
Published: January 2005

Jane K. Cowan. Marie‐Benedicte Dembour. and Richard A. Wilson. eds. Culture and Rights: Anthropological Perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. ix. 258 pp.
Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed
Authors: Dennis Dion
Published: January 2005

Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed James C. Scott. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998.
Knowing Your Place: Rural Identity and Cultural Hierarchy
Authors: Dudley Kathryn Marie
Published: January 2005

Knowing Your Place: Rural Identity and Cultural Hierarchy. Barbara Ching and Gerald W. Creed, eds. New York: Routledge, 1997.
The Spirit of Yellowstone: The Cultural Evolution of a National Park
Authors: Jacobs Tom
Published: January 2005

The Spirit of Yellowstone: The Cultural Evolution of a National Park Judith Meyer. London: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, 1996.
Agriculture, Foraging and Wildlife Resource Use in Africa: Cultural and Political Dynamics in the Zambezi Valley
Authors: Gibson Clark
Published: January 2005

Agriculture, Foraging and Wildlife Resource Use in Africa: Cultural and Political Dynamics in the Zambezi Valley Richard Hasler. London: Kegan Paul, 1996.
The City in a Shoe: redefining urban Africa through Sebago footwear consumption
Authors: Scheld Suzanne
Published: January 2005

In Dakar, footwear and clothing markets are unstoppable forces of urbanism and modernity They are packed with merchandise, and they sprawl beyond the official boundaries set by the municipality. For better or for worse, footwear and apparel keep the city in motion, give it life, and keep it current with global trends. The movement of traders and transmigrants through Dakar and globally‐dispersed Senegalese communities informs style and taste at “home” and “abroad.” This paper examines the production, exchange and consumption trajectory of a particular commodity, Sebago shoes, as a means to highlight the spatial dimensions of Dakar clothing markets and the city itself. The “social life” of Sebago and its various symbolic meanings assigned by Senegalese in Dakar and New York illustrates: 1) the complex nature of global flows and 2) that the city and its transmigrant communities share a continuous social space. This picture of complex flows and exchanges suggests the redefinition of city and market boundaries. [Dakar, transmigrant communities, commodity chains, Sebago shoes]
From Insurrectionary Worker to Contingent Citizen: restructuring labor markets and repositioning East Rand (South Africa) retail sector workers
Authors: Kenny Bridget
Published: January 2005

Cities in South Africa, engineered as they were through apartheid, have fundamentally defined experiences of work, residence, leisure, and collective organization of urban and rural dwellers alike. Within the distinctive spaces of urban centers, citizens encounter the more recent difficulties of global economic restructuring as well as the potential to create their own opposition to increased marginalization. Using workplace interviews and life histories conducted from 1998‐2000 of retail sector workers on the East Rand, South Africa, this paper focuses on the changing “local labor market.” From a focal point of an organized, democratic union movement linked to community anti‐apartheid struggles, more recently the region has undergone de‐industrialization exacerbated by increasing “flexibilized” service employment and directed investment to other centers, like Johannesburg's rapidly developing north. The article explores how East Rand worker‐residents experience an increasingly contingent labor market through shifting identities as workers and as men and women. [South Africa, retail industry, East Rand, deindustrialization, labor markets, gender, globalization]
Objectified Selves: An Analysis of Medicines in Andean Sacrificial Healing
Authors: Greenway Christine
Published: January 2005

This analysis of medicines used in a Quechua soul‐calling ritual in the southern Peruvian Andes demonstrates that the items in sacrificial bundles (despachos) embody the identity of patients. The manipulation of these medicinal objects gives insight into the meaning of the concept of embodiment in the Andean cultural context and expands Western conceptions of embodiment. An examination of the material representation of the body, the sacrificial object, illuminates the components of embodied identity in this particular cultural context. Analysis of the manipulation of medicines further illuminates the potency and efficacy of symbolic healing to transform the phenomenological world of the patient. [ethnomedicine, Andes, embodiment, symbolic healing]
Kunyenga, "Real Sex," and Survival: Assessing the Risk of HIV Infection among Urban Street Boys in Tanzania
Authors: Lockhart Chris
Published: January 2005

This article examines possible avenues of HIV infection among urban street boys in Tanzania. In doing so, it questions the ways that AIDS researchers have defined and approached the phenomenon of "survival sex" in East and Central Africa. The article specifically examines the boys' sexual networks, sexual practices, and attitudes regarding their own sexual behavior, including their perceived risk of HIV/AIDS infection. Seventy‐five street boys aged eight to 20 from the city ofMwanza were interviewed. Results suggest that almost all street boys are involved in a sexual network in which homosexual and heterosexual behavior occurs. Homosexual practices are rooted in a complex set of behaviors and ideologies known as kunyenga, which is a situated aspect of life on the streets and helps maintain the boys' strong dependence on one another. A key aspect of the boys' sexual careers involves a decrease in kunyenga activity as they approach the age of 18 and an increase in heterosexual encounters after the age of 11. There appears to be a critical period between these ages in which heterosexual and kunyenga activities overlap. It is suggested that boys between these ages represent a potential bridge for HIV/AIDS infection between the general population and the relatively enclosed sexual network of street boys. [Tanzania, street children, HIV/AIDS, sexual behavior]
Beauty Before Age: Growing Older in Gay Culture
Authors: Aull Jim , Ruby Jay , Trezevant Robert
Published: January 2005

Beauty Before Age: Growing Older in Gay Culture. Credits. Producer/Director/Camera Johnny Symonds. second camera. Gail Huddleson and David Mailmal. Sound. Aaron Lubarski. and Editor. Elaine Trotten. Distributed by New Day Films, 22‐D Hollywood Avenue, Hohokus, NJ 07423. Tel. 888‐367‐9154. Fax. 201‐652‐1973. Email. TMCNDY@aol.com.Web. http://newday.com.Running time. 22 minutes. Color.
Give Us our Skeletons
Authors: Stewart Michael
Published: January 2005

Give Us our Skeletons. film by Paul‐Anders Simma. First Run/Icarus Films, New York. VHS format. In color with some historical black and white footage; English subtitles; running time 50 minutes.1999.
The Case Manager’s View of the Helping Alliance
Authors: Klinkenberg W. Dean , Calsyn Robert J. , Morse Gary A.
Published: January 2005

Although the helping alliance has been a topic of investigation in psychotherapy research for decades, few studies have examined the role of the helping alliance in assertive community treatment programs serving people with severe mental illness. In this article, we describe a series of analyses focused on the case manager’s view of the helping alliance. The study addressed two primary questions: What factors facilitate a positive helping alliance in case management? What is the relationship of the helping alliance to client outcomes? Results indicated that few client variables predicted the helping alliance. Providing a wider range of services was associated with a stronger alliance at months but not at 18 months. A strong alliance at 18 months was associated with a strong alliance at 6 months. In addition, the alliance at 18 months was rated more positively for clients who were African-American and who did not have a substance use disorder. The helping alliance predicted client satisfaction, anxiety-depression, and hostility-suspicion outcomes at 6 months. However, the helping alliance did not predict any of the client outcome variables at 18 months.
Case Management: Who Needs it? Does it Work?
Authors: Austin Carol D.
Published: January 2005

Even after 30 years of experience, two questions persist about case management practice. Who needs it and does it work? Answers to these questions are neither direct nor simple. This article examines the significance of various contexts (policy, system, community, and organization) to efforts attempting to provide responses to these basic questions. Beyond the question of who needs case management, two additional questions are addressed. Who needs it and who gets it? Clients’ qualitative perspectives on case management effectiveness, beyond attempts to measure satisfaction and quality of life, are usually absent. The article concludes with a discussion of whether these are the right questions.
Considering the Use of a Personal Emergency Response System: An Experience of Frail, Older Women
Authors: Porter Eileen J. , Ganong Lawrence H.
Published: January 2005

The individual considerations of frail women who are elderly as to the use of personal emergency response systems (PERS) are discussed within this article, and they derived from a larger longitudinal study that explores the home care experience of older widows. Participants were 11 frail women (aged 81-94) who perceived a risk of “falling and not being found” and did not have a PERS. A descriptive phenomenological method was used to analyze PERS-related data obtained during interviews with each woman in her home. With regard to considering the use of a PERS, experiences were structured variously by “getting by fine without it,” “waiting to get it until I really need it,” “convincing myself that I might get it later,” and “borrowing no more trouble than I already have.” Consistent interventions by home care professionals may perhaps be needed to increase PERS utilization rates. To develop effective interventions, further descriptive research is deemed necessary to explore draw-backs and barriers to PERS use by older frail women.
Strategic Alliance: Adapting to the Business Environment in Long-Term Care
Authors: Mara Cynthia Massie , Ziegenfuss James T.
Published: January 2005

This article is addressed to long-term-care administrators and planners as well as purchasers of long-term care. Believing the current and future business environment will force continued adaptation in long-term-care organizations, the authors utilize nine categories to map pressures for change: cultural, technological, educational, political, legal, natural resource, demographic, sociologic, and economic. Long-term-care organizations, especially those that are not-for-profit, are becoming members of alliances as one way of addressing these pressures. This article describes and presents a case example of a composite alliance to demonstrate the advantages of membership in a strategic alliance. We also present examples of ways in which alliance members use strategic partnerships to improve their ability to manage these forces.
Factors Related to Frustration Among Aging Services Case Managers
Authors: Vinton Linda , Crook Wendy P. , LeMaster Katherine
Published: January 2005

Although researchers have studied burnout as a condition that can affect the ability to effectively serve clients, little has been written about frustration as a potential contributor to burnout. This study examines factors associated with frustration among case managers who work in aging services. A model of individual, organizational, and community factors that may relate to job frustrations is developed. Data from a sample of 103 case managers are analyzed, with type of job frustration categorized as agency-based (internal to the agency) or community-based (external to the agency). Community-based frustrations were cited by 78% of respondents; moreover, these were related to geographic regions in the state, with case managers in rural regions identifying these significantly more often than those in urban regions. The study indicates a need to attend to the lack of resources available in the environments in which case managers work as a potential source of frustration, especially in rural communities.
Community Treatment and Rehabilitation: One Agency’s Model of Case Management
Authors: Blakely Thomas J. , Dziadosz Gregory M.
Published: January 2005

This article describes one agency’s model of delivering case management services to an adult population of seriously and persistently mentally ill persons. It was developed following improvements in psychotropic medications that have resulted in considerable symptom relief for many clients. The treatment program, both medical and psychosocial aspects, is focused on recovery rather than maintenance. Outcome measures of treatment and rehabilitation objectives demonstrated that the program has been successful.
Instituting a Case Management System for the Lead-Poisoned Child: The Maine Experience
Authors: Hubley Teresa A. , Amrich MaryAnn
Published: January 2005

This article details the origin and implementation of a state-level case management system for children with elevated blood lead levels. This includes a thorough accounting of the methods utilized to create the system. The article closes with data derived from the case management reporting system showing the system’s effectiveness and with a description of how this design parallels the case management recommendations by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention made at a later date. The article offers suggestions for designers of such systems. In general, the authors advise building on existing systems, creating written protocols for both case managers and health care personnel, developing a support system for case managers, tracking activities through data, and giving recognition to field personnel.
Evaluation of acute copper toxicity to larval fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) in soft surface waters
Authors: Van Genderen Eric J. , Ryan Adam C. , Tomasso Joseph R. , Klaine Stephen J.
Published: January 2005

The hardness-based regulatory approach for Cu prescribes an extrapolation of the toxicity-versus-hardness relationship to low hardness (⩽50 mg/L as CaCO3). Hence, the objective of the present research was to evaluate the influences of water quality on acute Cu toxicity to larval fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) in low-hardness surface waters. Seasonal water sampling was conducted at 24 sites throughout South Carolina, USA, to determine the site-specific influences of soft surface-water conditions on acute Cu toxicity. Concurrent toxicity tests in laboratory water, matched for hardness and alkalinity (modified method), also were conducted to allow calculation of water-effect ratios (WERs). In addition, tests were conducted at recommended hardness levels (recommended method) for comparison of WER methodology in soft water. Surface-water conditions (average ± standard deviation, n = 53) were hardness of 16 ± 8 mg/L as CaCO3, alkalinity of 18 ± 11 mg/L as CaCO3, and dissolved organic carbon of 6 ± 4 mg/L. Dissolved Cu 48-h median lethal concentration (LC50) values varied nearly 45-fold across the dataset and greater than four-fold at individual sites. Spatial (p < 0.0001) and seasonal (p = 0.026) differences among LC50 values were determined for eight sites that had multiple toxicity results for one year. All modified WERs were greater than 1.0, suggesting that the site waters were more protective of Cu toxicity than the matched laboratory water. Some WERs generated using recommended methods were less than 1.0, suggesting limited site-specific protection. Based on these observations, extrapolation of the hardness-based equation for Cu at 50 mg/L or less as CaCO3 would adequately protect fathead minnow populations in soft surface waters. The WER results presented here demonstrate the inconsistency between hardness-based criteria and the methodology for deriving site-specific water-quality criteria in low-hardness waters.
Predicting and observing responses of algal communities to photosystem ii-herbicide exposure using pollution-induced community tolerance and species-sensitivity distributions
Authors: Schmitt-Jansen Mechthild , Altenburger Rolf
Published: January 2005

Various test strategies are in use in ecotoxicology to assess the potential risks of toxicants on aquatic communities. The species-sensitivity distribution concept (SSD) works by arranging single-species laboratory test data in a cumulative frequency distribution. The pollution-induced community tolerance concept (PICT) uses observable community responses by measuring increases in community tolerance caused by the replacement of sensitive species after exposure. The aim of this study was to compare these two concepts in assessing the effects of three herbicides. Atrazine, prometryn, and isoproturon were found to increase community tolerance by a factor up to six. Atrazine increased community tolerance only at higher test concentrations (0.125 mg L−1). Species-sensitivity distributions correspond well to community responses: The median effective concentrations (EC50s) of untreated periphyton communities tested covered 55 to 65% of affected species represented in the SSD. The sensitivities of tolerant algal communities shifted to the right end of the SSDs. In the microcosm experiments, higher test concentrations affected biomass, species numbers, and community structure. Community tolerance could not be induced any further, suggesting that these concentrations represent a maximum of functional redundancy of a functional group. At higher concentrations, even the least-sensitive species are affected. These results can be interpreted as a confirmation of the SSD concept by observed algal community responses, when applied to photosystem II (PSII)—inhibiting herbicides.
Analysis of a database of pesticide residues on plants for wildlife risk assessment
Authors: Baril Alain , Whiteside Mélanie , Boutin Céline
Published: January 2005

Current methods to estimate exposure of wildlife to pesticides from diet depend on a database of published residue concentrations on crop plants normalized to a standard application rate to obtain a residue from a unit dosage (RUD). This database, first published in the early 1970s, was updated in the 1990s. For each category of crops, maximum and mean residues are determined and used to extrapolate concentrations on plants across application rates in calculations of risk. The present study aims to update the database, to examine the validity of extrapolating RUD values across application rates, and to improve the categorization of crops using crop morphology and cultivation methods. The slope of the linear regression of residue concentrations against application rate in 41 trials was significantly different from one in all but five cases. This supports the assumption that residue concentrations are directly proportional to the application rate, although less than half the variance in residue concentrations was explained by the linear model. Residues on leaves were partitioned into eight categories of crops using information regarding plant morphology and cultivation method. Fruit size was an additional variable useful for segregating residues into four categories: Small fruits, large fruits, pods, and grains. The proposed changes increase the amount of variance explained in the residue database from 19 to 32%. Depending on the crop category, residues on fruits were 2- to 16-fold lower than those on leaves. Residue concentrations on leaves of short plants were more than fourfold higher than those on leaves of tall plants. Descriptive statistics are provided for each of the proposed crop categories.
Quantitative identification of sources of dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in sediments by a factor analysis model and a chemical mass balance model combined with monte carlo techniques
Authors: Ogura Isamu , Gamo Masashi , Masunaga Shigeki , Nakanishi Junko
Published: January 2005

The major sources of dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in two sediment cores from Tokyo Bay and Lake Shinji (both in Japan) were identified and their source contributions estimated using two receptor models. The first was a nonnegative constrained factor analysis (FA) model, and the second was a nonnegative constrained chemical mass balance model combined with Monte Carlo techniques (CMB-MC) to take into account the variability and uncertainty in both PCB congener profiles of sources and environmental samples. According to the FA model, variations in the concentrations of dioxin-like PCBs in each sediment core were accounted for almost entirely by two factors, which were considered to correspond to Kanechlors (KCs; Japanese PCB products) and incineration. The CMB-MC model investigated the trends of the burdens from four types of KCs and incineration to the concentrations of dioxin-like PCBs in each sediment core. The results for both sediment cores obtained by both models indicated that the burden from KCs increased gradually beginning in the 1950s, peaked around 1970, and declined thereafter, whereas the burden from incineration increased gradually from the 1950s to the early 1990s. The estimated contribution from incineration to the toxic equivalent concentration of dioxin-like PCBs was comparable to that from KCs.
Occurrence of twenty-six endocrine-disrupting compounds in environmental water samples from Catalonia, Spain
Authors: Brossa Lidia , Marcé Rosa M. , Borrull Francesc , Pocurull Eva
Published: January 2005

We monitored 26 compounds knowns or suspected to be endocrine disruptors in several environmental water samples from a river, the sea, and an irrigation canal. Because of the various chemical properties of the compounds monitored, analyses were carried out by using two different methods. One method is based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) on-line coupled to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry through an on-column interface. Another is based on high-performance liquid chromatography–(electrospray) mass spectrometry working in negative ionization mode and using off-line SPE. The limits of detection for the two methods were at levels of low μg/L. Phthalates and bis-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate were found at levels between 0.05 and 13 μg/L in all of the water samples analyzed. Some pesticides, alkylphenols, and estrogens were determined in a few samples at levels below 0.1 μg/L.
Kinetics and mechanism of esterification of epoxy resin with methacrylic acid in the presence of tertiary amines
Authors: Srivastava Akanksha , Pal Neelam , Agarwal Sudha , Rai J. S. P.
Published: January 2005

The synthesis of vinyl ester resins V1, V2, and V3 was carried out using bisphenol‐A based epoxy resin and methacrylic acid in the presence of triethyl‐, tripropyl‐, and tributyl‐amines, respectively. The reaction follows first‐order kinetics. The interaction between acid and amine was investigated by IR spectroscopy which shows absorptions corresponding to the formation of activated acid–catalyst complex. The specific rate constants, calculated by regression analysis, were found to obey an Arrhenius expression. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters: activation energy, frequency factor, entropy, enthalpy, and free energy revealed that the reaction was spontaneous and irreversible with a highly ordered activated complex. The activation energy of the esterification of epoxy resin in the presence of tertiary amines increases in order V1 < V2 < V3. The experimental results were explained by proposing a reaction mechanism and deriving the rate equation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 24:1–13, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.20026
Modified silicone rubber for use as high voltage outdoor insulators
Authors: Ehsani M. , Borsi H. , Gockenbach E. , Bakhshandeh G. R. , Morshedian J.
Published: January 2005

Polymer insulation for outdoor use has become increasingly more important and is expected to dominate the future HV‐outdoor applications. Polymeric insulators were reported to have performed better than porcelain and glass in laboratories and outdoor test sites. This paper reports an experimental investigation concerned with electrical and surface properties of a silicone‐modified polymer in comparison with silicone rubber (SIR), ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer (EPDM), and alloys of SIR–EPDM. The loss of hydrophobicity of polymeric materials induced by UV, salt spray, and water salinity aging was examined in this work. An ATR–FTIR technique was used to study the surface degradation of polymers occurring during UV aging. Tracking and erosion induced by high‐electrical stresses reduce the lifetime of polymeric materials used for outdoor insulation. The results of standard tests showed that silicone rubber suffers from a deterioration of tracking resistance, caused by the loss of hydrophobicity from the action of water salinity stresses. The silicone‐modified polymer shows good hydrophobicity behavior in environmental conditions and excellent tracking and erosion resistance, as compared to SIR, EPDM, and alloy of SIR–EPDM. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 24:51–61, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.20027
Die Interdisziplinarität von Wissenschaft – von magnetischen Momenten über Moleküle zum Menschen (Nobel‐Vortrag)
Authors: Lauterbur Paul C.
Published: January 2005

Ein großer Zufall war es nach den Schilderungen von Paul Lauterbur, einem der beiden Empfänger des Nobel‐Preises für Physiologie oder Medizin 2003, dass er sich so lange und so intensiv mit der Entwicklung der bildgebenden NMR‐Verfahren beschäftigt hat. In seinem Nobel‐Vortrag beschreibt er wichtige Stationen seines Lebens und seiner Forscherlaufbahn, die ihn von den Siliconen zur klinischen Anwendung der NMR‐Spektroskopie und weiter zur Frage der chemischen Erklärbarkeit von Biologie geführt hat.