bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Predicting Performance for Fate of Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Tear Based on Treatment Strategies: A Comparison between Logistic Regression, Gradient Boosting, and CNN Algorithms
Authors: Lee Jae-Ik , Kim Dong-Hyun , Yoo Hyun-Jin , Choi Han-Gyeol , Lee Yong-Seuk
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to validate the accuracy and prediction performance of machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and logistic regression methods in the treatment of medial meniscus posterior root tears (MMPRT). From July 2003 to May 2018, 640 patients diagnosed with MMPRT were included. First, the affecting factors for the surgery were evaluated using statistical analysis. Second, AI technology was introduced using X-ray and MRI. Finally, the accuracy and prediction performance were compared between ML&DL and logistic regression methods. Affecting factors of the logistic regression method corresponded well with the feature importance of the six top-ranked factors in the ML&DL method. There was no significant difference when comparing the accuracy, F1-score, and error rate between ML&DL and logistic regression methods (accuracy = 0.89 and 0.91, F1 score = 0.89 and 0.90, error rate = 0.11 and 0.09; p = 0.114, 0.422, and 0.119, respectively). The area under the curve (AUC) values showed excellent test quality for both ML&DL and logistic regression methods (AUC = 0.97 and 0.94, respectively) in the evaluation of prediction performance (p = 0.289). The affecting factors of the logistic regression method and the influence of the ML&DL method were not significantly different. The accuracy and performance of the ML&DL method in predicting the fate of MMPRT were comparable to those of the logistic regression method. Therefore, this ML&DL algorithm could potentially predict the outcome of the MMRPT in various fields and situations. Furthermore, our method could be efficiently implemented in current clinical practice.
The “Pre-Finishing” Approach in Direct Anterior Restorations. A Case Series
Authors: Paolone Gaetano , Scolavino Salvatore , Gherlone Enrico , Spagnuolo Gianrico , Cantatore Giuseppe
Published: July 2021

In esthetic restorations of anterior teeth the clinician has to manage several aspects in order to have a predictable outcome. A deep knowledge of the anatomy as well as the adhesive procedures and the optical properties of resin-based composites are mandatory to achieve esthetic results. Contemporary restorative materials present either several shades and different translucency properties and therefore they are able to mimic teeth’s optical behavior thus providing a natural aspect to anterior restorations. The wrong thickness of different composite layers may provide unpleasant results such as low value (grayish) restorations that often requires reintervention. A precise step-by-step procedure is therefore mandatory to provide the proper shade at the correct place. There is therefore the need of some corrections and adjustments during the layer procedure in order to avoid errors in shade positioning that could affect final result. The authors present a case series (six clinical cases) treated with the proposed technique with up to five years follow-up.
Close to Optimal Cell Sensing Ensures the Robustness of Tissue Differentiation Process: The Avian Photoreceptor Mosaic Case
Authors: Barua Arnab , Beygi Alireza , Hatzikirou Haralampos
Published: July 2021

The way that progenitor cell fate decisions and the associated environmental sensing are regulated to ensure the robustness of the spatial and temporal order in which cells are generated towards a fully differentiating tissue still remains elusive. Here, we investigate how cells regulate their sensing intensity and radius to guarantee the required thermodynamic robustness of a differentiated tissue. In particular, we are interested in finding the conditions where dedifferentiation at cell level is possible (microscopic reversibility), but tissue maintains its spatial order and differentiation integrity (macroscopic irreversibility). In order to tackle this, we exploit the recently postulated Least microEnvironmental Uncertainty Principle (LEUP) to develop a theory of stochastic thermodynamics for cell differentiation. To assess the predictive and explanatory power of our theory, we challenge it against the avian photoreceptor mosaic data. By calibrating a single parameter, the LEUP can predict the cone color spatial distribution in the avian retina and, at the same time, suggest that such a spatial pattern is associated with quasi-optimal cell sensing. By means of the stochastic thermodynamics formalism, we find out that thermodynamic robustness of differentiated tissues depends on cell metabolism and cell sensing properties. In turn, we calculate the limits of the cell sensing radius that ensure the robustness of differentiated tissue spatial order. Finally, we further constrain our model predictions to the avian photoreceptor mosaic.
Multimodal Technologies in Precision Education: Providing New Opportunities or Adding More Challenges?
Authors: Qushem Umar Bin , Christopoulos Athanasios , Oyelere Solomon Sunday , Ogata Hiroaki , Laakso Mikko-Jussi
Published: July 2021

Personalized or precision education (PE) considers the integration of multimodal technologies to tailor individuals’ learning experiences based on their preferences and needs. To identify the impact that emerging multimodal technologies have on personalized education, we reviewed recent implementations and applications of systems (e.g., MOOCs, serious games, artificial intelligence, learning management systems, mobile applications, augmented/virtual reality, classroom technologies) that integrate such features. Our findings revealed that PE techniques could leverage the instructional potential of educational platforms and tools by facilitating students’ knowledge acquisition and skill development. The added value of PE is also extended beyond the online digital learning context, as positive outcomes were also identified in blended/face-to-face learning scenarios, with multiple connections being discussed between the impact of PE on student efficacy, achievement, and well-being. In line with the recommendations and suggestions that supporters of PE make, we provide implications for research and practice as well as ground for policy formulation and reformation on how multimodal technologies can be integrated into the educational context.
Compact 2 × 2 Circularly Polarized Aperture-Coupled Antenna Array for Ka-Band Satcom-on-the-Move Applications
Authors: Baghdadi Hisham , Royo Guillermo , Bel Ismael , Cortés Francisco Javier , Celma Santiago
Published: July 2021

This paper presents a novel design of a wideband circular polarization 2 × 2 microstrip antenna array working at Ka-band frequencies, from 27.5 to 31 GHz. This module is highly integrable with new silicon beamformer chips, creating a unit cell that can be part of a large electronically steerable antenna for compact, ultra-low-profile, Satcom-on-the-move (SOTM) platforms. A multi-layer structure fabricated in standard printed circuit board (PCB) technology with high-yield substrates has been used. The radiating elements consist of double-stacked circular patches housed in a cavity and fed by H-shaped aperture coupling. It achieves a bandwidth of 16.5 % with a wide beam-width of 95° in the desired band, which is necessary for wide scanning angles in a large phased array. In the 2 × 2 unit cell, the antenna elements are distributed by means of a sequential rotation technique where the separation between two of them is 5.3 mm in the XY-plane. Broadside beam-widths ranging from 53.4° at 27.5 GHz to 42.1° at 31 GHz are achieved, with boresight directivities from 10.7 to 12.9 dBi, respectively, in both the RHCP and LHCP polarization. Moreover, mutual coupling levels below −20 dB and an axial ratio less than 3 dB in the whole band guarantee a good circular polarization purity.
Comparing Machine Learning Classifiers for Continuous Authentication on Mobile Devices by Keystroke Dynamics
Authors: de-Marcos Luis , Martínez-Herráiz José-Javier , Junquera-Sánchez Javier , Cilleruelo Carlos , Pages-Arévalo Carmen
Published: July 2021

Continuous authentication (CA) is the process to verify the user’s identity regularly without their active participation. CA is becoming increasingly important in the mobile environment in which traditional one-time authentication methods are susceptible to attacks, and devices can be subject to loss or theft. The existing literature reports CA approaches using various input data from typing events, sensors, gestures, or other user interactions. However, there is significant diversity in the methodology and systems used, to the point that studies differ significantly in the features used, data acquisition, extraction, training, and evaluation. It is, therefore, difficult to establish a reliable basis to compare CA methods. In this study, keystroke mechanics of the public HMOG dataset were used to train seven different machine learning classifiers, including ensemble methods (RFC, ETC, and GBC), instance-based (k-NN), hyperplane optimization (SVM), decision trees (CART), and probabilistic methods (naïve Bayes). The results show that a small number of key events and measurements can be used to return predictions of user identity. Ensemble algorithms outperform others regarding the CA mobile keystroke classification problem, with GBC returning the best statistical results.
Signal Conditioning Stage in S-Band Communication Subsystem for CubeSat Applications
Authors: Castillo Joel A. , Flores-Troncoso Jorge , Jáuregui Rigoberto , Simón Jorge , Alvarez-Flores José L.
Published: July 2021

This work presents the design, performance evaluation, manufacture, and characterization of an RF front-end signal conditioning chain on a substrate that achieves the best performance at S-band frequencies and complies with the dimensions of the international standard for CubeSat-type nanosatellites. In this development, the signal conditioning chains were carried out on the high-frequency substrates RO4350B, CuClad 250, and RT/duroid 5880, considering scattering parameters in a small-signal regime. Concerning the power output, after the filtering and amplifying stages, the conditioning chain delivered 2 watts at 2.25 GHz. Moreover, up to 40 dB gain was achieved, and a good impedance matching at −20 dB for both input and output ports was observed. The numerical simulations and experimental results showed that an RO4350B substrate allows the smallest design dimensions, and these comply with the dimensions of the CubeSat standard. The manufactured RF front-end signal conditioning chain on RO4350B requires an area of 95 mm2, and it is ready to be used in a proof-of-concept space mission in a CubeSat.
Starter for Voltage Boost Converter to Harvest Thermoelectric Energy for Body-Worn Sensors
Authors: Blakiewicz Grzegorz , Jakusz Jacek , Jendernalik Waldemar
Published: July 2021

This paper examines the suitability of selected configurations of ultra-low voltage (ULV) oscillators as starters for a voltage boost converter to harvest energy from a thermoelectric generator (TEG). Important properties of particularly promising configurations, suitable for on-chip implementation are compared. On this basis, an improved oscillator with a low startup voltage and a high output voltage swing is proposed. The applicability of n-channel native MOS transistors with negative or near-zero threshold voltage in ULV oscillators is analyzed. The results demonstrate that a near-zero threshold voltage transistor operating in the weak inversion region is most advantageous for the considered application. The obtained results were used as a reference for design of a boost converter starter intended for integration in 180-nm CMOS X-FAB technology. In the selected technology, the most suitable transistor available with a negative threshold voltage was used. Despite using a transistor with a negative threshold voltage, a low startup voltage of 29 mV, a power consumption of 70 µW, and power conversion efficiency of about 1.5% were achieved. A great advantage of the proposed starter is that it eliminates a multistage charge pump necessary to obtain a voltage of sufficient value to supply the boost converter control circuit.
Impact of Internal Carbon Prices on the Energy System of an Organisation’s Facilities in Germany, Japan and the United Kingdom Compared to Potential External Carbon Prices
Authors: Gorbach Oliver Gregor , Hussein Noha Saad , Thomsen Jessica
Published: July 2021

Organisations attempt to contribute their share towards fighting the climate crisis by trying to reduce their emission of greenhouse gases effectively towards net zero. An instrument to guide their reduction efforts is internal carbon pricing. Next to choosing the right pricing tool, defining the exact value of an internal carbon price, especially against the background of potential regulatory external carbon prices, and assessing its impact on business units’ energy systems poses a challenge for organisations. The academic literature has so far not examined the impact differences of an internal carbon price across different countries, which this paper addresses by using an optimisation model. First, it analyses the energy system cost increase of a real-world facility based on an internal carbon price compared to a potential regulatory carbon price within a country. Second, we evaluate the energy system cost increase based on an internal carbon price across different countries. The results show that with regard to internal carbon prices the additional total system cost compared to potential external carbon prices stays within 9%, 15%, and 59% for Germany, Japan, and the United Kingdom, respectively. The increase in the energy system cost in each country varies between 3% and 93%. For all countries, the cost differences can be reduced by allowing the installation of renewables. The integration of renewables via energy storage and power-to-heat technologies depends on the renewable potentials and the availability of carbon capture and storage. If organisations do not account for these differences, it might raise the disapproval of internal carbon prices within the organisation.
Modeling, Analysis, and Control Design of a Single-Stage Boost Inverter
Authors: Rasheduzzaman Md. , Fajri Poria , Kimball Jonathan , Deken Brad
Published: July 2021

A single-phase, single-stage, differential boost inverter comprises two independently-controlled boost DC-DC converters, with the load connected between their outputs. The net voltage on the load is sinusoidal and has a controllable frequency and magnitude that is larger than that of the DC source. The present work first derives steady-state and small-signal models of the inverter with parasitic elements. The results obtained from the line-to-output transfer function, control-to-output transfer function, open-loop input impedance, and open-loop output impedance models are compared with that of the ones obtained from the experimental testbed. Using the new models, a voltage mode controller is designed in the synchronous reference frame. The regulator design is explored through the use of an example. The results are verified against the small-signal model, then PLECS simulations, and finally a laboratory experiment. The results indicate excellent agreement between the model and experiment during transients in voltage reference, input source voltage, and output load. A sensitivity analysis is performed based on the inverter model considering the parameter variation. Finally, loss and efficiency estimations are provided in this work.
Influence of Input and Control Parameters on the Process of Pelleting Powdered Biomass
Authors: Gageanu Iuliana , Cujbescu Dan , Persu Catalin , Tudor Paula , Cardei Petru , Matache Mihai , Vladut Valentin , Biris Sorin , Voicea Iulian , Ungureanu Nicoleta
Published: July 2021

This paper presents theoretical and experimental research studying the influence of process parameters on the quality of biomass pellets. A validated mathematical model was developed, expressing the density of biomass pellets as determined by moisture content, compression pressure, process heat, the initial density of the material, pelleting speed and initial volume of the material. The experiments for determining the influence of these parameters on the compression of biomass into pellets and optimizing the process were conducted on a heated single pellet compression device, using fir sawdust as raw material. To describe and study the process, four input and control parameters were varied—raw material moisture, pelleting speed, maximum force applied and pelleting die temperature. From the experiments, it was noticed that overall, moisture and pressure have the most important effect on the compression process and pelleting speed, and heat applied also affected the process. Pellet density decreased when pelleting speed and material moisture increase and the density increased with a higher compression pressure and higher heat during the process.
Short-Term Net Load Forecasting with Singular Spectrum Analysis and LSTM Neural Networks
Authors: Stratigakos Akylas , Bachoumis Athanasios , Vita Vasiliki , Zafiropoulos Elias
Published: July 2021

Short-term electricity load forecasting is key to the safe, reliable, and economical operation of power systems. An important challenge that arises with high-frequency load series, e.g., hourly load, is how to deal with the complex seasonal patterns that are present. Standard approaches suggest either removing seasonality prior to modeling or applying time series decomposition. This work proposes a hybrid approach that combines Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA)-based decomposition and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for day-ahead hourly load forecasting. First, the trajectory matrix of the time series is constructed and decomposed into trend, oscillating, and noise components. Next, the extracted components are employed as exogenous regressors in a global forecasting model, comprising either a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) or a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) predictive layer. The model is further extended to include exogenous features, e.g., weather forecasts, transformed via parallel dense layers. The predictive performance is evaluated on two real-world datasets, controlling for the effect of exogenous features on predictive accuracy. The results showcase that the decomposition step improves the relative performance for ANN models, with the combination of LSTM and SAA providing the best overall performance.
Application of Low Temperature during the Malaxation Phase of Virgin Olive Oil Mechanical Extraction Processes of Three Different Italian Cultivars
Authors: Veneziani Gianluca , Nucciarelli Davide , Taticchi Agnese , Esposto Sonia , Selvaggini Roberto , Tomasone Roberto , Pagano Mauro , Servili Maurizio
Published: July 2021

The malaxation step, one of the most important phases of the virgin olive oil (VOO) mechanical extraction process involved in the development of the main quality characteristics of the final product, was carried out at a low temperature (18 °C). The rapid control of malaxer temperature was handled with the same chiller as that of the heat exchanger used in a semi-industrial extraction plant. Low temperature was used during the full olive paste kneading process and also for half of this process, which showed that there was a significant impact on the phenolic and volatile contents of VOO. Trials were conducted on three different cultivars (Canino, Moraiolo and Peranzana), and their phenolic and volatile concentrations showed different quantitative and qualitative effects due to the prolonged use of low temperature after the crushing phase, as a function of the different genetic origins of the olives. The process of phenolic compound solubilization into the oily phase was negatively influenced by the use of low temperature during the entire malaxation period for all the cultivars, whereas the volatile fraction showed an improvement in VOO flavor mainly due to the oil extracted from Canino olives.
Effect of Grape Over-Ripening and Its Skin Presence on White Wine Alcoholic Fermentation in a Warm Climate Zone
Authors: Sancho-Galán Pau , Amores-Arrocha Antonio , Palacios Víctor , Jiménez-Cantizano Ana
Published: July 2021

The current trend of rising temperatures and sun irradiation associated to climate change is pushing traditional grape-producing areas with a warm climate towards a very accelerated ripening, leading to earlier harvesting dates and grape must with an unbalanced composition. However, this climatic trend could be exploited to produce other types of wine. In this sense, the increase in temperature could be used to produce wines with overripe grapes. In this regard, the aim of this research work is to evaluate the influence of different degrees and techniques of grape over-ripening to produce wines with the presence or absence of its skins during alcoholic fermentation. To this end, a physicochemical characterization of grape musts and wines obtained from overripe grapes and the monitoring of their fermentation has been performed. Over-ripening grapes by sun-drying has been established as a viable technique viability, producing musts and wines with unique physicochemical and sensory characteristics. In view of the above, it is considered that the production of wines from overripe grapes and in the presence or absence of grape skins is a viable approach to make new white wines taking advantage of the conditions imposed by climate change in a warm climate zone and meet the trends and expectations of current wine consumers.
Wheat Fusarium Protease Specificity and Effect on Dough Properties
Authors: Bacala Ray , Fu Bin Xiao , Cordova Katherine , Hatcher Dave W.
Published: July 2021

Fusarium infection is a worldwide agricultural problem of billion dollar proportions globally, and it has increasingly threatened entire regional food supplies. In addition to the toxin deoxynivalenol (DON), Fusarium species express digestive enzymes that degrade starch and protein, affecting the quality of infected grains, especially wheat processing performance which depends largely on gluten proteins. In this study, the impact of Fusarium protease on the functionality of Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat was assessed by adding Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK) to a FDK-free base wheat sample. Digestion of beta-casein by extracts of flours, milled from sound and FDK-spiked wheat samples, demonstrated elevated cleavage in FDK-spiked flour extracts as follows: N-terminal to lysine (eight-fold), N- and C-terminal to isoleucine (four-fold and three-fold, respectively), N-terminal to tyrosine (three-fold) and C-terminal to arginine at P1′ (five-fold). Comparison of abbreviated (45 min) and standard (135 min) extensigraph test results indicated that desirable increases in dough resistance to extension (Rmax) due to gluten re-polymerization after longer resting were partially to completely counteracted in FDK-spiked flours in a dose-dependent manner. Baking tests confirmed that while loaf volume is similar, proofed dough from FDK-spiked samples caused detectable loaf collapse at 3% FDK. Extensigraph Rmax and Fusarium protease levels were inversely related, and effected by both the extent and severity of infection. While the current FDK tolerances for grading Canadian wheat can effectively control protease damage, prevalence of deoxynivalenol (DON) weak- and non-producing Fusarium strains/species (e.g., F. avenaceum) in some growing regions must be considered to protect functionality if grading is solely based on DON content.
Data-Driven Modelling of Water Table Oscillations for a Porous Aquifer Occasionally Flowing under Pressure
Authors: Doglioni Angelo , Simeone Vincenzo
Published: July 2021

Modelling of shallow porous aquifers in scenarios where boundary conditions change over time can be a difficult task. In particular, this is true when data modelling is pursued, i.e., models are directly constructed by measured data. In fact, data contain not only the information related to the physical phenomenon under investigation, but also the effects of time-varying boundary conditions, which work as a disturbance. This undesired component conditions the training of data-driven models, as they are fitted by models, which can produce predictions diverging from measured data. Here, a very shallow porous aquifer is modelled in terms of its response to water table to precipitation. The aquifer is characterized by the presence of a low permeability silty top layer covering the lower sandy strata, where the aquifer normally flows. Therefore, when the piezometric level increases up to the low permeability layer, the aquifer changes its behavior from phreatic to confined. This determines the changing boundary condition, which makes the response of the aquifer to rain precipitations complex, as it is related to a two-fold condition: confined or phreatic. The aquifer here is investigated by two machine learning approaches, the earlier based on an evolutionary modeling, and the latter based on artificial neural networks. Evolutionary modeling returned explicit equations with a fitness efficiency up to 0.8 for 1 month for predictions and 0.48 for simulations, while neural networks arrived at 0.85 and 0.28, respectively. The aim of this study is to get an explicit model of the response of the piezometric heights of the aquifer to the precipitations, which is useful for planning the use of groundwater resources.
Anti-HIV and Anti-Candidal Effects of Methanolic Extract from Heteropterys brachiata
Authors: Huerta-Reyes Maira , Sánchez-Vargas Luis O. , Villanueva-Amador Getsemaní S. , Gaitán-Cepeda Luis A.
Published: July 2021

Nowadays, the HIV pandemic is far from controlled. HIV+/AIDS patients show a serious risk of developing resistance to HIV antiretroviral drugs and to be orally colonized by albicans and non-albicans Candida strains resistant to antifungals. As a consequence, new drugs that possess anti-candidal and anti-HIV effects would represent an alternative in the comprehensive treatment of HIV+/AIDS patients. The present study evaluates the possible anti-HIV and anti-Candida effects of a methanolic extract from Heteropterys brachiata (Hb MeOH), an American tropical plant. The anti-HIV effect of Hb MeOH was tested using a non-radioactive colorimetric method (Lenti RT® Activity Assay; Cavidi Tech) that uses reverse transcriptase of HIV-1 enzyme as enzymatic target. The anti-candidal effect of HbMeOH extract was evaluated by following a standardized test protocol of microdilution for yeast using the Candida albicans strain ATCC® 90028. The Hb MeOH at 1 mg/mL concentration shows 38.5% RT-HIV inhibition, while Hb MeOH at 10 mg/mL concentration produced 98% C. albicans growth inhibition. Our findings show that the Hb MeOH possesses a strong anti-candidal activity and moderate anti-HIV effect and suggests that the plant extract could be considered as a potential candidate for HIV/AIDS treatment.
‘The Little Engine That Could’: A Qualitative Study of Medical Service Access and Effectiveness among Adolescent Athletics Athletes Competing at the Highest International Level
Authors: Timpka Toomas , Fagher Kristina , Bargoria Victor , Gauffin Håkan , Andersson Christer , Jacobsson Jenny , Nyce James , Bermon Stéphane
Published: July 2021

Little is known about provision of medical services to adolescents prior to participating in international top-level sports. This study aimed to investigate experiences of medical service provision among high-level adolescent athletics (track and field) athletes from three continents. A thematic narrative analysis was applied to data collected from 14 athletes by semi-structured interviews. Although competing at the highest international level, these adolescent athletes had difficulties making sense of symptoms of ill health, especially on their own. With increasing exercise loads, the athletes’ medical support needs had extended beyond the capacity of parents and local communities. As there was no organized transfer of the responsibility for medical support to sports organizations, the athletes often had to manage their health problems by themselves. There were major variations among the adolescent athletes with regards to medical service access and quality. The services used ranged from sophisticated computer-assisted biomechanical analyses to traditional healers. Decreased exercise load was the common sports injury treatment. The results of this study demonstrate how the ethical standards underpinning youth sports as well as the equal provision of medical services to adolescents are challenged across the world. Further research on health service provision to adolescent top-level athletes is warranted.
Do Age-Friendly Rural Communities Affect Quality of Life? A Comparison of Perceptions from Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China
Authors: Yu Jingyu , Ma Guixia , Wang Shuxia
Published: July 2021

The aging population in rural areas of China faces serious challenges due to urban–rural disparities. In order to improve the active aging of rural older adults, the establishment of age-friendly communities is encouraged. However, globally, the focus is on age-friendly communities in urban areas, not reflecting rural communities. Hence, we addressed the importance of age-friendly rural communities (AFRCs) and aimed to investigate their impact on the quality of life (QoL) of older adults. We examined different perceptions of AFRCs among older adults (aged over 60) and middle-aged people (45–60) in rural communities with questionnaire surveys (n = 470 and 393, respectively). Several statistical methods, such as Chi-squared test, t-test, reliability test, and multiple regression, were adopted to investigate and compare the perceptions of these two. The results indicated that (1) middle-aged people were more satisfied with AFRC components and had a higher QoL than older adults; (2) the QoL of middle-aged people was predicted by housing, accessibility, and outdoor spaces; (3) the QoL of older adults was affected by housing, outdoor spaces, social participation, and public transportation. These findings aid in our understanding of rural communities and the QoL of rural residents. They are helpful for urban planners and policymakers to improve the planning of AFRCs and supplement research on age-friendly communities in rural areas. Practical implementations are proposed for the planning of AFRCs, such as the passive design of residential housing, grouping of community facilities together, and improvement in the hygiene of outdoor spaces in rural areas.
Psychosocial and Organizational Processes and Determinants of Health Care Workers’ (HCW) Health at Work in French Public EHPAD (Assisted Living Residences): A Qualitative Approach Using Grounded Theory
Authors: Armant Anne , Ollierou Florian , Gauvin Jules , Jeoffrion Christine , Cougot Baptiste , Waelli Mathias , Moret Leila , Beauvivre Kristina , Fleury-Bahi Ghozlane , Berrut Gilles , Tripodi Dominique
Published: July 2021

In a context marked by negative health indicators that make structural aspects more salient, this paper aimed at understanding and explaining the processes and determinants at work that positively and negatively interfere with the professionals’ health in the French public nursing home environment. To this purpose, the qualitative approach by grounded theory was chosen. In total, 90 semi-structured interviews were recorded and 43 were transcribed; in addition, 10 observations of 46 participations in meetings and working groups were carried out in four public service and hospital establishments. Our results indicate that the role of health workers, its definition, and its execution are fundamental to the understanding of their health at work. Two protective and constructive processes are involved in the maintenance and development of the professionals’ health in this work, with considerable confrontations with death and suffering: individual and collective control of emotional and cognitive commitment, and the development of resources for formation, information, and cooperation. Nonetheless, they are jeopardized when a lasting imbalance is generated between the work’s demands and the available resources. This leads to a loss spiral in organizational, inter-individual, and individual resources that makes it difficult to sustain work.
Hybrid QM/MM Simulations Confirm Zn(II) Coordination Sphere That Includes Four Cysteines from the P2 × 4R Head Domain
Authors: Peralta Francisco Andrés , Huidobro-Toro J. Pablo , Mera-Adasme Raúl
Published: July 2021

To ascertain the role of Zn(II) as an allosteric modulator on P2X4R, QM/MM molecular dynamic simulations were performed on the WT and two P2X4R mutants suggested by previous electrophysiological data to affect Zn(II) binding. The Gibbs free energy for the reduction of the putative P2X4R Zn(II) binding site by glutathione was estimated at −22 kcal/mol. Simulations of the WT P2X4R head domain revealed a flexible coordination sphere dominated by an octahedral geometry encompassing C126, N127, C132, C149, C159 and a water molecule. The C132A mutation disrupted the metal binding site, leading to a coordination sphere with a majority of water ligands, and a displacement of the metal ion towards the solvent. The C132A/C159A mutant exhibited a tendency towards WT-like stability by incorporating the R148 backbone to the coordination sphere. Thus, the computational findings agree with previous experimental data showing Zn(II) modulation for the WT and C132A/C159A variants, but not for the C132A mutant. The results provide molecular insights into the nature of the Zn(II) modulation in P2X4R, and the effect of the C132A and C132A/C159A mutations, accounting for an elusive modulation mechanism possibly occurring in other extracellular or membrane protein.
Glucocorticoids, Stress and Delta-9 Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) during Early Embryonic Development
Authors: Kuzma-Hunt Alexander G. , Truong Vivien B. , Favetta Laura A.
Published: July 2021

Elevated molecular stress in women is known to have negative impacts on the reproductive development of oocytes and the embryos prior to implantation. In recent years, the prevalence of cannabis use among women of reproductive age has risen due to its ability to relieve psychological stress and nausea, which are mediated by its psychoactive component, ∆-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Although cannabis is the most popular recreational drug of the 21st century, much is unknown about its influence on molecular stress in reproductive tissues. The current literature has demonstrated that THC causes dose- and time-dependent alterations in glucocorticoid signaling, which have the potential to compromise morphology, development, and quality of oocytes and embryos. However, there are inconsistencies across studies regarding the mechanisms for THC-dependent changes in stress hormones and how either compounds may drive or arrest development. Factors such as variability between animal models, physiologically relevant doses, and undiscovered downstream gene targets of both glucocorticoids and THC could account for such inconsistencies. This review evaluates the results of studies which have investigated the effects of glucocorticoids on reproductive development and how THC may alter stress signaling in relevant tissues.
Does the Interaction between Local and Systemic Inflammation Provide a Link from Psychology and Lifestyle to Tissue Health in Musculoskeletal Conditions?
Authors: Klyne David M. , Barbe Mary F. , James Greg , Hodges Paul W.
Published: July 2021

Musculoskeletal conditions are known to involve biological, psychological, social and, often, lifestyle elements. However, these domains are generally considered in isolation from each other. This siloed approach is unlikely to be adequate to understand the complexity of these conditions and likely explains a major component of the disappointing effects of treatment. This paper presents a hypothesis that aims to provide a foundation to understand the interaction and integration between these domains. We propose a hypothesis that provides a plausible link between psychology and lifestyle factors with tissue level effects (such as connective tissue dysregulation/accumulation) in musculoskeletal conditions that is founded on understanding the molecular basis for interaction between systemic and local inflammation. The hypothesis provides plausible and testable links between mind and body, for which empirical evidence can be found for many aspects. We present this hypothesis from the perspective of connective tissue biology and pathology (fibrosis), the role of inflammation locally (tissue level), and how this inflammation is shaped by systemic inflammation through bidirectional pathways, and various psychological and lifestyle factors via their influence on systemic inflammation. This hypothesis provides a foundation for new consideration of the development and refinement of personalized multidimensional treatments for individuals with musculoskeletal conditions.
Effects of Chronic Low-Dose Internal Radiation on Immune-Stimulatory Responses in Mice
Authors: Khan Abrar Ul Haq , Blimkie Melinda , Yang Doo Seok , Serran Mandy , Pack Tyler , Wu Jin , Kang Ji-Young , Laakso Holly , Lee Seung-Hwan , Le Yevgeniya
Published: July 2021

The Linear-No-Threshold (LNT) model predicts a dose-dependent linear increase in cancer risk. This has been supported by biological and epidemiological studies at high-dose exposures. However, at low-doses (LDR ≤ 0.1 Gy), the effects are more elusive and demonstrate a deviation from linearity. In this study, the effects of LDR on the development and progression of mammary cancer in FVB/N-Tg(MMTVneu)202Mul/J mice were investigated. Animals were chronically exposed to total doses of 10, 100, and 2000 mGy via tritiated drinking water, and were assessed at 3.5, 6, and 8 months of age. Results indicated an increased proportion of NK cells in various organs of LDR exposed mice. LDR significantly influenced NK and T cell function and activation, despite diminishing cell proliferation. Notably, the expression of NKG2D receptor on NK cells was dramatically reduced at 3.5 months but was upregulated at later time-points, while the expression of NKG2D ligand followed the opposite trend, with an increase at 3.5 months and a decrease thereafter. No noticeable impact was observed on mammary cancer development, as measured by tumor load. Our results demonstrated that LDR significantly influenced the proportion, proliferation, activation, and function of immune cells. Importantly, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that LDR modulates the cross-talk between the NKG2D receptor and its ligands.
Molecular Mechanisms of ZC3H12C/Reg-3 Biological Activity and Its Involvement in Psoriasis Pathology
Authors: Wawro Mateusz , Kochan Jakub , Sowinska Weronika , Solecka Aleksandra , Wawro Karolina , Morytko Agnieszka , Kwiecinska Patrycja , Grygier Beata , Kwitniewski Mateusz , Fu Mingui , Cichy Joanna , Kasza Aneta
Published: July 2021

The members of the ZC3H12/MCPIP/Regnase family of RNases have emerged as important regulators of inflammation. In contrast to Regnase-1, -2 and -4, a thorough characterization of Regnase-3 (Reg-3) has not yet been explored. Here we demonstrate that Reg-3 differs from other family members in terms of NYN/PIN domain features, cellular localization pattern and substrate specificity. Together with Reg-1, the most comprehensively characterized family member, Reg-3 shared IL-6, IER-3 and Reg-1 mRNAs, but not IL-1β mRNA, as substrates. In addition, Reg-3 was found to be the only family member which regulates transcript levels of TNF, a cytokine implicated in chronic inflammatory diseases including psoriasis. Previous meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies revealed Reg-3 to be among new psoriasis susceptibility loci. Here we demonstrate that Reg-3 transcript levels are increased in psoriasis patient skin tissue and in an experimental model of psoriasis, supporting the immunomodulatory role of Reg-3 in psoriasis, possibly through degradation of mRNA for TNF and other factors such as Reg-1. On the other hand, Reg-1 was found to destabilize Reg-3 transcripts, suggesting reciprocal regulation between Reg-3 and Reg-1 in the skin. We found that either Reg-1 or Reg-3 were expressed in human keratinocytes in vitro. However, in contrast to robustly upregulated Reg-1 mRNA levels, Reg-3 expression was not affected in the epidermis of psoriasis patients. Taken together, these data suggest that epidermal levels of Reg-3 are negatively regulated by Reg-1 in psoriasis, and that Reg-1 and Reg-3 are both involved in psoriasis pathophysiology through controlling, at least in part different transcripts.
The Relevance and Added Value of Geriatric Medicine (GM): Introducing GM to Non-Geriatricians
Authors: Kotsani Marina , Kravvariti Evrydiki , Avgerinou Christina , Panagiotakis Symeon , Bograkou Tzanetakou Katerina , Antoniadou Eleftheria , Karamanof Georgios , Karampeazis Athanasios , Koutsouri Anastasia , Panagiotopoulou Kyriaki , Soulis George , Stolakis Konstantinos , Georgiopoulos Ioannis , Benetos Athanase
Published: July 2021

Geriatric Medicine (GM) holds a crucial role in promoting health and managing the complex medical, cognitive, social, and psychological issues of older people. However, basic principles of GM, essential for optimizing the care of older people, are commonly unknown or undermined, especially in countries where GM is still under development. This narrative review aims at providing insights into the role of GM to non-geriatrician readers and summarizing the main aspects of the added value of a geriatric approach across the spectrum of healthcare. Health practitioners of all specialties are frequently encountered with clinical conditions, common in older patients (such as cancer, hypertension, delirium, major neurocognitive and mental health disorders, malnutrition, and peri-operative complications), which could be more appropriately managed under the light of the approach of GM. The role of allied health professionals with specialized knowledge and skills in dealing with older people’s issues is essential, and a multidisciplinary team is required for the delivery of optimal care in response to the needs and aspirations of older people. Thus, countries should assure the educational background of all health care providers and the specialized health and social care services required to meet the demands of a rapidly aging society.
Swiss National Registry on Catheter Ablation Procedures: Changing Trends over the Last 20 Years
Authors: Molitor Nadine , Yalcinkaya Emre , Auricchio Angelo , Burri Haran , Delacretaz Etienne , Kühne Michael , Menafoglio Andrea , Reek Sven , Reichlin Tobias , Herrera-Siklody Claudia , Zimmerli Marianne , Sticherling Christian , Duru Firat
Published: July 2021

The Swiss Ablation Registry provides a national database for electrophysiologic studies and catheter ablations. We analyzed the database to provide an in-depth look at changing trends over the last 20 years. During the study period a total of 78622 catheter ablations (age 61.0 ± 1.2 years; 63.7% male) were performed in 29 centers. The number of ablations increased by approximately ten-fold in 20 years. Ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) was the main driver behind this increase, with more than hundred-fold (39.7% of all ablations in 2019). Atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia (AVNRT) and accessory pathways, being the main indications for ablation in 2000 (44.1%/25.1%, respectively), made up of only a small proportion (15.2%/3.5%,) respectively in 2019. Fluoroscopy, ablation, and procedure durations were reduced for all ablations over time. The highest repeat ablations were performed for ventricular tachycardia and AF (24.4%/24.3%). The majority of ablations (63.0%) are currently performed in private hospitals and non-university public hospitals whereas university hospitals had dominated (82.4%) at the turn of the century. A pronounced increase in the number of catheter ablations in Switzerland was accompanied by a marked decrease in fluoroscopy, ablation, and procedure durations. We observed a shift toward more complex procedures in older patients with comorbidities.
Fabry Cardiomyopathy: Current Treatment and Future Options
Authors: Vardarli Irfan , Weber Manuel , Rischpler Christoph , Führer Dagmar , Herrmann Ken , Weidemann Frank
Published: July 2021

Fabry disease is a multisystem X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by a mutation in the alpha-galactosidase A gene. Deficiency or reduced activity of alpha-galactosidase A (GLA) is leading to progressive intracellular accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (GL3) in various organs, including the heart, kidney and nerve system. Cardiac involvement is frequent and is evident as concentric left ventricular hypertrophy. Currently, the standard treatment is enzyme replacement therapy or chaperone therapy. However, early starting of therapy, before myocardial fibrosis has developed, is essential for long-term improvement of myocardial function. For future treatment options, various therapeutic approaches including gene therapy are under development. This review describes the current and potential future therapy options for Fabry cardiomyopathy.
Nutritional Therapy in Pediatric Crohn’s Disease—Are We Going to Change the Guidelines?
Authors: Matuszczyk Malgorzata , Kierkus Jaroslaw
Published: July 2021

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the incidence of Crohn’s disease. Despite significant medical progress, the treatment options available today do not meet the needs of all patients. Recent reports indicate that external environmental factors, including diet, are key in the pathomechanism of the disease. It was proven that the so-called Western dietary pattern is associated with an increased risk of disease. In the pediatric population, exclusive enteral nutrition is the only nutritional therapy option recommended today with proven high efficacy in inducing remission. Recent publications that indicate at least comparable efficacy and significantly better tolerability of a specialised elimination diet, the Crohn’s Disease Exclusion Diet (CDED), provide the basis for a change in recommendations. This article discusses the mechanism of action, principles of use, and scientific evidence evaluating the efficacy of CDED in the treatment of children with Crohn’s disease.
Calcium-Sensing Receptor Polymorphisms at rs1801725 Are Associated with Increased Risk of Secondary Malignancies
Authors: Actkins Ky’Era V. , Beasley Heather K. , Faucon Annika B. , Davis Lea K. , Sakwe Amos M.
Published: July 2021

Dysregulation of systemic calcium homeostasis during malignancy is common in most patients with high-grade tumors. However, it remains unclear whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that alter the sensitivity of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) to circulating calcium are associated with primary and/or secondary neoplasms at specific pathological sites in patients of European and African ancestry. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the association of CASR SNPs with circulating calcium, parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, and primary and secondary neoplasms. Circulating calcium is associated with an increased risk for breast, prostate, and skin cancers. In patients of European descent, the rs1801725 CASR SNP is associated with bone-related cancer phenotypes, deficiency of humoral immunity, and a higher risk of secondary neoplasms in the lungs and bone. Interestingly, circulating calcium levels are higher in homozygous patients for the inactivating CASR variant at rs1801725 (TT genotype), and this is associated with a higher risk of secondary malignancies. Our data suggest that expression of CaSR variants at rs1801725 is associated with a higher risk of developing secondary neoplastic lesions in the lungs and bone, due in part to cancer-induced hypercalcemia and/or tumor immune suppression. Screening of patients for CASR variants at this locus may lead to improved management of high calcium associated tumor progression.