bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Typical Protestant Mistakes”: The Influence of the Cologne School of Sociology in Early Francoist Spain
Authors: Lemke Duque Carl Antonius
Published: August 2022

This article provides a new look at Francoist sociology by exploring the impact of the early Cologne school of sociology in Spain prior to and after the Spanish Civil War. It starts by explaining Helmuth Plessner's critical argument on the Renaissance and the Reformation, delving into its echo in Spain. Following the influence of Schelerian material value ethics on Spanish philosophy of right, the second section focuses on a critical analysis of José Ortega y Gasset's sociological concepts. Going deeper into academic debate around Freyerian Wirklichkeitswissenschaft, the third section explores the parameters of early Francoist sociology's academic implementation up to the 1950s. Summarizing the analytical results, this article concludes by evaluating the early Cologne school of sociology's persistence in Francoist Spain in terms of a growing rhetoric associated with the rejection of alleged errors.
A self-biased GaN LNA with 30 dB gain and 21 dBm P1dB for 5G communications
Authors: Wang Yi , Huang Tongde , Jin Saisai , Wang Chong , Ma Dongdong , Shen Hongchang , Li Chong , Li Yuehua , Wu Wen
Published: August 2022

We present a self-biased three-stage GaN-based monolithic microwave integrated circuit low-noise amplifier (LNA) operating between 26 and 29 GHz for 5G mobile communications. The self-biasing circuit, common-source topology with inductive source feedback, and RLC negative feedback loops between gate and drain of the third transistor were implemented to achieve low noise, good port match, high stability, high gain, and compact size. Measurement results show that the LNA has a high and flat gain of 30.5 ± 0.4 dB with noise figure (NF) of 1.65–1.8 dB across the band. The three-stage topology also achieves high linearity, providing the 1 dB compression point output power (P1dB) of 21 dBm in the band. To our knowledge, this combination of NF, gain, and linearity performance represents the state of art of self-biased LNA in this frequency band.
Deposition chamber technology as building blocks for a standardized brain-on-chip framework
Authors: Maisonneuve B. G. C. , Libralesso L. , Miny L. , Batut A. , Rontard J. , Gleyzes M. , Boudra B. , Viera J. , Debis D. , Larramendy F. , Jost V. , Honegger T.
Published: August 2022

The in vitro modeling of human brain connectomes is key to exploring the structure-function relationship of the central nervous system. Elucidating this intricate relationship will allow better studying of the pathological mechanisms of neurodegeneration and hence result in improved drug screenings for complex neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson diseases. However, currently used in vitro modeling technologies lack the potential to mimic physiologically relevant neural structures. Herein, we present an innovative microfluidic design that overcomes one of the current limitations of in vitro brain models: their inability to recapitulate the heterogeneity of brain regions in terms of cellular density and number. This device allows the controlled and uniform deposition of any cellular population within unique plating chambers of variable size and shape. Through the fine tuning of the hydrodynamic resistance and cell deposition rate, the number of neurons seeded in each plating chamber can be tailored from a thousand up to a million. By applying our design to so-called neurofluidic devices, we offer novel neuro-engineered microfluidic platforms that can be strategically used as organ-on-a-chip platforms for neuroscience research. These advances provide essential enhancements to in vitro platforms in the quest to provide structural architectures that support models for investigating human neurodegenerative diseases.
Thyroid gland dysfunction and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in keratoconus
Authors: Awad Eman A. , Torky Magda A. , Bassiouny Rania M. , Khattab Abeer M. , Elzehery Rasha R. , Elhelaly Rania M.
Published: August 2022

Objectives

To detect the serum level of thyroid hormones, vitamin D and vitamin D receptors (VDR) polymorphism in keratoconus (KC) patients and to identify the association between vitamin D deficiency and thyroid dysfunction in KC.

Methods

This cross sectional study included 177 KC patients with no thyroid disorders compared to 85 healthy controls with normal corneal tomography. Measurements of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free tetraiodothyronine (FT4) and serum 25-OH vitamin D were done using Enzyme linked immusoassay (ELISA test). VDR polymorphisms were tested including [Taq I (rs731236), Apa I (rs7975232) and Bsm I (rs1544410)] using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).

Results

An increase in frequency of thyroid disorders (P = 0.04), decrease in serum 25(OH) vitamin D level (P < 0.001), Taq 1 and tt genotype (P < 0.001) were significantly distributed in KC patients. A significantly higher serum 25(OH) vitamin D level was reported in TT genotype, while insufficient level was more common in Tt genotype (P < 0.001). A deficient serum 25(OH) vitamin D level was predominant in tt genotype (P < 0.001). A 95% confidence interval was in TSH (1.603, 2.946), FT4 (24.145, 77.06), hypothyroidism (1.062, 67.63), insufficient (2.936, 11.643) and deficient vitamin D (5.283, 28.704) and all were significant risk factors for KC with (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Both thyroid disorders and low vitamin D are potential factors for KC development. Studying VDR at the molecular level provides interesting avenues for future research toward the identification of new KC cases.
Global analysis and prediction of fluoride in groundwater
Authors: Podgorski Joel , Berg Michael
Published: August 2022

The health of millions of people worldwide is negatively impacted by chronic exposure to elevated concentrations of geogenic fluoride in groundwater. Due to health effects including dental mottling and skeletal fluorosis, the World Health Organization maintains a maximum guideline of 1.5 mg/L in drinking water. As groundwater quality is not regularly tested in many areas, it is often unknown if the water in a given well or spring contains harmful levels of fluoride. Here we present a state-of-the-art global fluoride hazard map based on machine learning and over 400,000 fluoride measurements (10% of which >1.5 mg/L), which is then used to estimate the human population at risk. Hotspots indicated by the groundwater fluoride hazard map include parts of central Australia, western North America, eastern Brazil and many areas of Africa and Asia. Of the approximately 180 million people potentially affected worldwide, most reside in Asia (51–59% of total) and Africa (37–46% of total), with the latter representing 6.5% of the continent’s population. Africa also contains 14 of the top 20 affected countries in terms of population at risk. We also illuminate and discuss the key globally relevant hydrochemical and environmental factors related to fluoride accumulation.
High-fidelity photonic quantum logic gate based on near-optimal Rydberg single-photon source
Authors: Shi Shuai , Xu Biao , Zhang Kuan , Ye Gen-Sheng , Xiang De-Sheng , Liu Yubao , Wang Jingzhi , Su Daiqin , Li Lin
Published: August 2022

Compared to other types of qubits, photon is one of a kind due to its unparalleled advantages in long-distance quantum information exchange. Therefore, photon is a natural candidate for building a large-scale, modular optical quantum computer operating at room temperature. However, low-fidelity two-photon quantum logic gates and their probabilistic nature result in a large resource overhead for fault tolerant quantum computation. While the probabilistic problem can, in principle, be solved by employing multiplexing and error correction, the fidelity of linear-optical quantum logic gate is limited by the imperfections of single photons. Here, we report the demonstration of a linear-optical quantum logic gate with truth table fidelity of 99.84(3)% and entangling gate fidelity of 99.69(4)% post-selected upon the detection of photons. The achieved high gate fidelities are made possible by our near-optimal Rydberg single-photon source. Our work paves the way for scalable photonic quantum applications based on near-optimal single-photon qubits and photon-photon gates.
The receptor kinase SRF3 coordinates iron-level and flagellin dependent defense and growth responses in plants
Authors: Platre Matthieu Pierre , Satbhai Santosh B. , Brent Lukas , Gleason Matias F. , Cao Min , Grison Magali , Glavier Marie , Zhang Ling , Gaillochet Christophe , Goeschl Christian , Giovannetti Marco , Enugutti Balaji , Neveu Julie , von Reth Marcel , Alcázar Ruben , Parker Jane E. , Vert Grégory , Bayer Emmanuelle , Busch Wolfgang
Published: August 2022

Iron is critical for host–pathogen interactions. While pathogens seek to scavenge iron to spread, the host aims at decreasing iron availability to reduce pathogen virulence. Thus, iron sensing and homeostasis are of particular importance to prevent host infection and part of nutritional immunity. While the link between iron homeostasis and immunity pathways is well established in plants, how iron levels are sensed and integrated with immune response pathways remains unknown. Here we report a receptor kinase SRF3, with a role in coordinating root growth, iron homeostasis and immunity pathways via regulation of callose synthases. These processes are modulated by iron levels and rely on SRF3 extracellular and kinase domains which tune its accumulation and partitioning at the cell surface. Mimicking bacterial elicitation with the flagellin peptide flg22 phenocopies SRF3 regulation upon low iron levels and subsequent SRF3-dependent responses. We propose that SRF3 is part of nutritional immunity responses involved in sensing external iron levels.
Efficient perpendicular magnetization switching by a magnetic spin Hall effect in a noncollinear antiferromagnet
Authors: Hu Shuai , Shao Ding-Fu , Yang Huanglin , Pan Chang , Fu Zhenxiao , Tang Meng , Yang Yumeng , Fan Weijia , Zhou Shiming , Tsymbal Evgeny Y. , Qiu Xuepeng
Published: August 2022

Current induced spin-orbit torques driven by the conventional spin Hall effect are widely used to manipulate the magnetization. This approach, however, is nondeterministic and inefficient for the switching of magnets with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy that are demanded by the high-density magnetic storage and memory devices. Here, we demonstrate that this limitation can be overcome by exploiting a magnetic spin Hall effect in noncollinear antiferromagnets, such as Mn3Sn. The magnetic group symmetry of Mn3Sn allows generation of the out-of-plane spin current carrying spin polarization collinear to its direction induced by an in-plane charge current. This spin current drives an out-of-plane anti-damping torque providing the deterministic switching of the perpendicular magnetization of an adjacent Ni/Co multilayer. Due to being odd with respect to time reversal symmetry, the observed magnetic spin Hall effect and the resulting spin-orbit torque can be reversed with reversal of the antiferromagnetic order. Contrary to the conventional spin-orbit torque devices, the demonstrated magnetization switching does not need an external magnetic field and requires much lower current density which is useful for low-power spintronics.
Social capital I: measurement and associations with economic mobility
Authors: Chetty Raj , Jackson Matthew O. , Kuchler Theresa , Stroebel Johannes , Hendren Nathaniel , Fluegge Robert B. , Gong Sara , Gonzalez Federico , Grondin Armelle , Jacob Matthew , Johnston Drew , Koenen Martin , Laguna-Muggenburg Eduardo , Mudekereza Florian , Rutter Tom , Thor Nicolaj , Townsend Wilbur , Zhang Ruby , Bailey Mike , Barberá Pablo , Bhole Monica , Wernerfelt Nils
Published: August 2022

Social capital—the strength of an individual’s social network and community—has been identified as a potential determinant of outcomes ranging from education to health1–8. However, efforts to understand what types of social capital matter for these outcomes have been hindered by a lack of social network data. Here, in the first of a pair of papers9, we use data on 21 billion friendships from Facebook to study social capital. We measure and analyse three types of social capital by ZIP (postal) code in the United States: (1) connectedness between different types of people, such as those with low versus high socioeconomic status (SES); (2) social cohesion, such as the extent of cliques in friendship networks; and (3) civic engagement, such as rates of volunteering. These measures vary substantially across areas, but are not highly correlated with each other. We demonstrate the importance of distinguishing these forms of social capital by analysing their associations with economic mobility across areas. The share of high-SES friends among individuals with low SES—which we term economic connectedness—is among the strongest predictors of upward income mobility identified to date10,11. Other social capital measures are not strongly associated with economic mobility. If children with low-SES parents were to grow up in counties with economic connectedness comparable to that of the average child with high-SES parents, their incomes in adulthood would increase by 20% on average. Differences in economic connectedness can explain well-known relationships between upward income mobility and racial segregation, poverty rates, and inequality12–14. To support further research and policy interventions, we publicly release privacy-protected statistics on social capital by ZIP code at https://www.socialcapital.org.
Social capital II: determinants of economic connectedness
Authors: Chetty Raj , Jackson Matthew O. , Kuchler Theresa , Stroebel Johannes , Hendren Nathaniel , Fluegge Robert B. , Gong Sara , Gonzalez Federico , Grondin Armelle , Jacob Matthew , Johnston Drew , Koenen Martin , Laguna-Muggenburg Eduardo , Mudekereza Florian , Rutter Tom , Thor Nicolaj , Townsend Wilbur , Zhang Ruby , Bailey Mike , Barberá Pablo , Bhole Monica , Wernerfelt Nils
Published: August 2022

Low levels of social interaction across class lines have generated widespread concern1–4 and are associated with worse outcomes, such as lower rates of upward income mobility4–7. Here we analyse the determinants of cross-class interaction using data from Facebook, building on the analysis in our companion paper7. We show that about half of the social disconnection across socioeconomic lines—measured as the difference in the share of high-socioeconomic status (SES) friends between people with low and high SES—is explained by differences in exposure to people with high SES in groups such as schools and religious organizations. The other half is explained by friending bias—the tendency for people with low SES to befriend people with high SES at lower rates even conditional on exposure. Friending bias is shaped by the structure of the groups in which people interact. For example, friending bias is higher in larger and more diverse groups and lower in religious organizations than in schools and workplaces. Distinguishing exposure from friending bias is helpful for identifying interventions to increase cross-SES friendships (economic connectedness). Using fluctuations in the share of students with high SES across high school cohorts, we show that increases in high-SES exposure lead low-SES people to form more friendships with high-SES people in schools that exhibit low levels of friending bias. Thus, socioeconomic integration can increase economic connectedness in communities in which friending bias is low. By contrast, when friending bias is high, increasing cross-SES interactions among existing members may be necessary to increase economic connectedness. To support such efforts, we release privacy-protected statistics on economic connectedness, exposure and friending bias for each ZIP (postal) code, high school and college in the United States at https://www.socialcapital.org.
Photoswitching fingerprint analysis bypasses the 10-nm resolution barrier
Authors: Helmerich Dominic A. , Beliu Gerti , Taban Danush , Meub Mara , Streit Marcel , Kuhlemann Alexander , Doose Sören , Sauer Markus
Published: August 2022

Advances in super-resolution microscopy have demonstrated single-molecule localization precisions of a few nanometers. However, translation of such high localization precisions into sub-10-nm spatial resolution in biological samples remains challenging. Here we show that resonance energy transfer between fluorophores separated by less than 10 nm results in accelerated fluorescence blinking and consequently lower localization probabilities impeding sub-10-nm fluorescence imaging. We demonstrate that time-resolved fluorescence detection in combination with photoswitching fingerprint analysis can be used to determine the number and distance even of spatially unresolvable fluorophores in the sub-10-nm range. In combination with genetic code expansion with unnatural amino acids and bioorthogonal click labeling with small fluorophores, photoswitching fingerprint analysis can be used advantageously to reveal information about the number of fluorophores present and their distances in the sub-10-nm range in cells.
A new fuzzy rule based multi-objective optimization method for cross-scale injection molding of protein electrophoresis microfluidic chips
Authors: Shan Zhiying , Wu Wangqing , Lei Yihua , Zhao Baishun
Published: August 2022

Injection molding is one of the most promising technologies for the large-scale production and application of polymeric microfluidic chips. The multi-objective optimization of injection molding process for substrate and cover plate on protein electrophoresis microfluidic chip is performed to solve the problem that the forming precision is difficult to coordinate because of the cross-scale structure characteristics for chip in this paper. The innovation for this research is that an optimization approach and a detailed fuzzy rule determination method are proposed in multi-objective optimization for protein electrophoresis microfluidic chip. In more detail, firstly, according to the number and level of process parameters, the orthogonal experimental design is carried out. Then, the experiments are performed. Secondly, the grey relational analysis (GRA) approach is employed to process the response data to gain the grey relational coefficient (GRC). Thirdly, the grey fuzzy decision making method which combines triangular membership function and gaussian membership function is adopted to obtain the grey fuzzy grade (GFG). After that, the optimal scheme of process parameters was predicted by the grey fuzzy grade analysis. Finally, the superiority of Taguchi grey fuzzy decision making method are verified by comparing the results of original scheme, optimal scheme and prediction scheme. As a result, compared with the original design, the residual stress of substrate plate (RSS), residual stress of cover plate (RSC), warpage of substrate plate (WS), warpage of cover plate (WC) and replication fidelity of microchannel for substrate plate (RFM) on the prediction scheme for Taguchi grey fuzzy decision making method were reduced by 32.816%, 29.977%, 88.571%, 74.390% and 46.453%, respectively.
Clay and climatic variability explain the global potential distribution of Juniperus phoenicea toward restoration planning
Authors: Dakhil Mohammed A. , El-Barougy Reham F. , El-Keblawy Ali , Farahat Emad A.
Published: August 2022

Juniperus phoenicea is a medicinal conifer tree species distributed mainly in the Mediterranean region, and it is IUCN Red Listed species, locally threatened due to arid conditions and seed over-collection for medicinal purposes, particularly in the East-Mediterranean region. Several studies have addressed the potential distribution of J. phoenicea using bioclimatic and topographic variables at a local or global scale, but little is known about the role of soil and human influences as potential drivers. Therefore, our objectives were to determine the most influential predictor factors and their relative importance that might be limiting the regeneration of J. phoenicea, in addition, identifying the most suitable areas which could be assumed as priority conservation areas. We used ensemble models for species distribution modelling. Our findings revealed that aridity, temperature seasonality, and clay content are the most important factors limiting the potential distribution of J. phoenicea. Potentially suitable areas of the output maps, in which J. phoenicea populations degraded, could be assumed as decision-support tool reforestation planning. Other suitable areas, where there was no previous tree cover are a promising tool for afforestation and conservation planning. Finally, conservation actions are needed for natural habitats, particularly in the arid and semi-arid regions, which are highly threatened by global warming.
An eight country cross-sectional study of the psychosocial effects of COVID-19 induced quarantine and/or isolation during the pandemic
Authors: Schluter Philip J. , Généreux Mélissa , Landaverde Elsa , Chan Emily Y. Y. , Hung Kevin K. C. , Law Ronald , Mok Catherine P. Y. , Murray Virginia , O’Sullivan Tracey , Qadar Zeeshan , Roy Mathieu
Published: August 2022

Forced quarantine and nationwide lockdowns have been a primary response by many jurisdictions in their attempt at COVID-19 elimination or containment, yet the associated mental health burden is not fully understood. Using an eight country cross-sectional design, this study investigates the association between COVID-19 induced quarantine and/or isolation on probable generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depressive episode (MDE) psychological outcomes approximately eight months after the pandemic was declared. Overall, 9027 adults participated, and 2937 (32.5%) were indicated with GAD and/or MDE. Reported quarantine and/or isolation was common, with 1199 (13.8%) confined for travel or health requirements, 566 (6.5%) for being close contact, 720 (8.3%) for having COVID-19 symptoms, and 457 (5.3%) for being COVID-19 positive. Compared to those not quarantining or isolating, the adjusted estimated relative risks of GAD and/or MDE associated with quarantine and/or isolation was significant (p < 0.001), ranging from 1.24 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07, 1.43) for travel/health to 1.37 (95% CI 1.19, 1.59) for COVID-19 symptom isolation reasons. While almost universally employed, quarantine and/or isolation is associated with a heavy mental health toll. Preventive strategies are needed, such as minimizing time-limits imposed and providing clear rationale and information, together with additional treatment and rehabilitation resources.
Evaluation of rapid transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurement as a metric of kidney toxicity in a high-throughput microfluidic culture system
Authors: Shaughnessey Erin M. , Kann Samuel H. , Azizgolshani Hesham , Black Lauren D. , Charest Joseph L. , Vedula Else M.
Published: August 2022

Rapid non-invasive kidney-specific readouts are essential to maximizing the potential of microfluidic tissue culture platforms for drug-induced nephrotoxicity screening. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) is a well-established technique, but it has yet to be evaluated as a metric of toxicity in a kidney proximal tubule (PT) model that recapitulates the high permeability of the native tissue and is also suitable for high-throughput screening. We utilized the PREDICT96 high-throughput microfluidic platform, which has rapid TEER measurement capability and multi-flow control, to evaluate the utility of TEER sensing for detecting cisplatin-induced toxicity in a human primary PT model under both mono- and co-culture conditions as well as two levels of fluid shear stress (FSS). Changes in TEER of PT-microvascular co-cultures followed a dose-dependent trend similar to that demonstrated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assays and were well-correlated with tight junction coverage after cisplatin exposure. Additionally, cisplatin-induced changes in TEER were detectable prior to increases in cell death in co-cultures. PT mono-cultures had a less differentiated phenotype and were not conducive to toxicity monitoring with TEER. The results of this study demonstrate that TEER has potential as a rapid, early, and label-free indicator of toxicity in microfluidic PT-microvascular co-culture models.
Cerebral hemodynamic response during the resuscitation period after hypoxic-ischemic insult predicts brain injury on day 5 after insult in newborn piglets
Authors: Nakao Yasuhiro , Nakamura Shinji , Htun Yinmon , Mitsuie Tsutomu , Koyano Kosuke , Ohta Kenichi , Konishi Yukihiko , Miki Takanori , Ueno Masaki , Kusaka Takashi
Published: August 2022

Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury of neonates remains a significant problem worldwide. During the resuscitation period, changes in cerebral hemoglobin oxygen saturation (ScO2) have been identified by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). However, in asphyxiated neonates, the relationship between these changes and brain injury is not known. Three-wavelength near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy, an advanced technology for NIRS, allows for the estimation of ScO2 and cerebral blood volume (CBV). Here, we studied changes in ScO2 and CBV during the resuscitation period after hypoxic-ischemic insult and the relationship between these changes after insult and histopathological brain injuries on day 5 after insult using an asphyxiated piglet model. Of 36 newborn piglets subjected to hypoxic-ischemic insult, 29 were analyzed. ScO2 and CBV were measured 0, 5, 10, 15, and 30 min after the insult. Brain tissue was histologically evaluated on day 5. ScO2 and CBV increased immediately after the insult, reached a peak, and then maintained a consistent value. The increase in CBV 5 to 30 min after the insult was significantly correlated with histopathological injury scores. However, there was no correlation with ScO2. In conclusion, an increase in CBV within 30 min after hypoxic-ischemic insult reflects the histopathological brain injury on day 5 after insult in a piglet model.
The influence of self-cycling fermentation long- and short-cycle schemes on Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli
Authors: Tan Yusheng , Stein Lisa Y. , Sauvageau Dominic
Published: August 2022

Self-cycling fermentation (SCF), a cyclic process in which cells, on average, divide once per cycle, has been shown to lead to whole-culture synchronization and improvements in productivity during bioconversion. Previous studies have shown that the completion of synchronized cell replication sometimes occurs simultaneously with depletion of the limiting nutrient. However, cases in which the end of cell doubling occurred before limiting nutrient exhaustion were also observed. In order to better understand the impact of these patterns on bioprocessing, we investigated the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli in long- and short-cycle SCF strategies. Three characteristic events were identified during SCF cycles: (1) an optimum in control parameters, (2) the time of completion of synchronized cell division, and (3) the depletion or plateau of the limiting nutrient. Results from this study and literature led to the identification of three potential trends in SCF cycles: (A) co-occurrence of the three key events, (B) cell replication ending prior to the co-occurrence of the other two events, and (C) depletion or plateau of the limiting nutrient occurring later than the co-occurrence of the other two events. Based on these observations, microbial physiological differences were analyzed and a novel definition for SCF is proposed.
Elastic shell theory for plant cell wall stiffness reveals contributions of cell wall elasticity and turgor pressure in AFM measurement
Authors: Tsugawa Satoru , Yamasaki Yuki , Horiguchi Shota , Zhang Tianhao , Muto Takara , Nakaso Yosuke , Ito Kenshiro , Takebayashi Ryu , Okano Kazunori , Akita Eri , Yasukuni Ryohei , Demura Taku , Mimura Tetsuro , Kawaguchi Ken’ichi , Hosokawa Yoichiroh
Published: August 2022

The stiffness of a plant cell in response to an applied force is determined not only by the elasticity of the cell wall but also by turgor pressure and cell geometry, which affect the tension of the cell wall. Although stiffness has been investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Young’s modulus of the cell wall has occasionally been estimated using the contact-stress theory (Hertz theory), the existence of tension has made the study of stiffness more complex. Elastic shell theory has been proposed as an alternative method; however, the estimation of elasticity remains ambiguous. Here, we used finite element method simulations to verify the formula of the elastic shell theory for onion (Allium cepa) cells. We applied the formula and simulations to successfully quantify the turgor pressure and elasticity of a cell in the plane direction using the cell curvature and apparent stiffness measured by AFM. We conclude that tension resulting from turgor pressure regulates cell stiffness, which can be modified by a slight adjustment of turgor pressure in the order of 0.1 MPa. This theoretical analysis reveals a path for understanding forces inherent in plant cells.
Synthesis, and characterization of metallic glassy Cu–Zr–Ni powders decorated with big cube Zr2Ni nanoparticles for potential antibiofilm coating applications
Authors: Aldhameer Ahmad , El-Eskandarany M. Sherif , Banyan Mohmmad , Alajmi Fahad , Kishk Mohamed
Published: August 2022

Biofilms, are significant component that contributes to the development of chronic infections, especially when medical devices are involved. This issue offers a huge challenge for the medical community since standard antibiotics are only capable of eradicating biofilms to a very limited degree. The prevention of biofilm formation have led to the development of a variety of coating methods and new materials. These methods are intended to coat surfaces in such a way as to inhibit the formation of biofilm. Metallic glassy alloys, in particular, alloys that include copper and titanium metals have gained popularity as desirable antibacterial coating. Meanwhile, there has been a rise in the use of the cold spray coating technique due to the fact that it is a proper approach for processing temperature-sensitive materials. The present study was carried out in part with the intention of developing a new antibiofilm metallic glassy consisting of ternary Cu–Zr–Ni using mechanical alloying technique. The spherical powders that comprised the end-product were utilized as feedstock materials for cold spray coatings to stainless steel surfaces at low temperature. When compared to stainless steel, substrates coated with metallic glassy were able to significantly reduce the formation of biofilm by at least one log.
Exploring native Scutellaria species provides insight into differential accumulation of flavones with medicinal properties
Authors: Costine Blake , Zhang Mengzi , Chhajed Shweta , Pearson Brian , Chen Sixue , Nadakuduti Satya Swathi
Published: August 2022

Scutellaria baicalensisis a well-studied medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family, prized for the unique 4′-deoxyflavones produced in its roots. In this study, three native species to the Americas,S. lateriflora,S. arenicola,andS. integrifoliawere identified by DNA barcoding, and phylogenetic relationships were established with other economically important Lamiaceae members. Furthermore, flavone profiles of native species were explored. 4′-deoxyflavones including baicalein, baicalin, wogonin, wogonoside, chrysin and 4′-hydroxyflavones, scutellarein, scutellarin, and apigenin, were quantified from leaves, stems, and roots. Qualitative, and quantitative differences were identified in their flavone profiles along with characteristic tissue-specific accumulation. 4′-deoxyflavones accumulated in relatively high concentrations in root tissues compared to aerial tissues in all species exceptS. lateriflora. Baicalin, the most abundant 4′-deoxyflavone detected, was localized in the roots ofS. baicalensisand leaves ofS. lateriflora, indicating differential accumulation patterns between the species.S. arenicolaandS. integrifoliaare phylogenetically closely related with similar flavone profiles and distribution patterns. Additionally, theS. arenicolaleaf flavone profile was dominated by two major unknown peaks, identified using LC–MS/MS to most likely be luteolin-7-O-glucuronide and 5,7,2′-trihydroxy-6-methoxyflavone 7-O-glucuronide. Collectively, results presented in this study suggest an evolutionary divergence of flavonoid metabolic pathway in theScutellariagenus of Lamiaceae.
The Whole-transcriptome Landscape of Diabetes-related Sarcopenia Reveals the Specific Function of Novel lncRNA Gm20743
Authors: Yu Jing , Loh Kim , Yang He-qin , Du Meng-ran , Wu Yong-xin , Liao Zhi-yin , Guo Ai , Yang Yun-fei , Chen Bo , Zhao Yu-xing , Chen Jin-liang , Zhou Jing , Sun Yue , Xiao Qian
Published: August 2022

While the exact mechanism remains unclear, type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the risk of sarcopenia which is characterized by decreased muscle mass, strength, and function. Whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing and informatics were performed on the diabetes-induced sarcopenia model of db/db mice. To determine the specific function of lncRNA Gm20743, the detection of Mito-Sox, reactive oxygen species, Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine, and myosin heavy chain was performed in overexpressed and knockdown-Gm20743 C2C12 cells. RNA-seq data and informatics revealed the key lncRNA-mRNA interactions and indicated a potential regulatory role of lncRNAs. We characterized three core candidate lncRNAs Gm20743, Gm35438, 1700047G03Rik, and their potential function. Furthermore, the results suggested lncRNA Gm20743 may be involved in regulating mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, cell proliferation, and myotube differentiation in skeletal muscle cells. These findings significantly improve our understanding of lncRNAs that may mediate muscle mass, strength, and function in diabetes and represent potential therapeutic targets for diabetes-induced sarcopenia.
Global trade drives transboundary transfer of the health impacts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions
Authors: Li Ruifei , Zhang Jin , Krebs Peter
Published: August 2022

International trade leads to a redistribution of pollutant emissions related to the production of goods and services and subsequently affects their severe health impacts. Here, we present a framework of emissions inventories, input-output model, numerical atmospheric chemistry model, and estimates of the global burden of disease. Specifically, we assess emissions and health impacts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), a carcinogenic byproduct of production activities, and consider income, production, final sale, and consumption stages of the global supply chain between 2012 and 2015. We find that in 2015, global anthropogenic PAH emissions were 304 Gg (95% CI: 213~421 Gg) and estimated related lifetime lung cancer deaths were 6.9 × 104 (95% CI: 1.8 × 104~1.5 × 105 deaths). The role of trade in driving the PAH-related health risks was greater than that in driving the emissions. Our findings indicate that international cooperation is needed to optimise the global supply chains and mitigate PAH emissions and health impacts.
A flexible heat pump cycle for heat recovery
Authors: Yu Zhibin , McKeown Andrew , Hajabdollahi Ouderji Zahra , Essadik Miryam
Published: August 2022

Heat pumps will play a key role in transitioning domestic heating to fossil-free sources. However, improvement in energy efficiency and cost reduction are still needed. Current vapour-compression heat pumps are built upon the Evans-Perkins cycle which was originally designed for refrigeration applications. Once hot liquid refrigerant has transferred energy to the central heating system, it leaves the condenser with sensible heat which can be utilized. Here we report a modified and flexible Evans-Perkins heat pump cycle integrating heat recovery and storage which is then used as an ancillary heat source for the heat pump’s operation. It operates in a quasi-two-stage mode to theoretically save up to 20% in compressor power consumption compared with single-stage cycles. We build a prototype with off-the-shelf parts and demonstrate a practical 3.7% power saving at a heat production temperature of 35 °C. Power saving will further increase with heat supply temperature. We also qualitatively show that hot refrigerant exiting the condenser can be directly used for defrosting the evaporator, providing additional energy saving.
Recent advances in Co2C-based nanocatalysts for direct production of olefins from syngas conversion
Authors: Yu Fei , Lin Tiejun , An Yunlei , Gong Kun , Wang Xinxing , Sun Yuhan , Zhong Liangshu
Published: August 2022

Co2C nanostructures play a vital role in selective production of value-added chemicals via syngas conversion. Recent advances in Co2C-based nanocatalysts for Fischer–Tropsch to olefin reactions are summarized in this feature article.
A diarsene radical anion
Authors: Sieg Grégoire , Fischer Malte , Dankert Fabian , Siewert Jan-Erik , Hering-Junghans Christian , Werncke C. Gunnar
Published: August 2022

The synthesis, spectroscopic and structural characterization of diarsene radical anions is presented. Reactivity studies reveal that the anion mainly reacts as a one-electron reductant.
An efficient heterogeneous Ni/Ni2P catalyst for urea-assisted water electrolysis
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Sun Sijia , Yang Yun , Dai Yunrong , Zhang Baogang , Feng Ligang
Published: August 2022

Built-in electrophilic/nucleophilic domains promoted the favorable adsorption of urea molecules on the surface/interface of heterogeneous Ni/Ni2P for urea oxidation.
Chemical control over the conversion between bicyclic and polycyclic terpenes by fungal bifunctional terpene synthases
Authors: Wang Xinye , Wang Zhixin , Zhu Guoliang , Jiang Lan , Zhang Weiyan , Huang Yiyi , Cong Zhanren , Zhao Yi-Lei , Xu Jian-He , Hsiang Tom , Zhang Lixin , Chen Qi , Liu Xueting
Published: August 2022

The mutation on site 89 in the BFTSs alters the carbocation transportation pathway, which changes the sesterterpene structure.
Magnetic deep eutectic solvents: formation and properties
Authors: Shi Ruifen , Zhou Fengyi , Chen Yu , Liu Zhenghui , Liu Shuzi , Mu Tiancheng
Published: August 2022

The concept of magnetic deep eutectic solvents (MDESs) was proposed and the physicochemical properties of DESs were investigated.
Insightful vibrational imaging study on the hydration mechanism of carbamazepine
Authors: Fateixa Sara , Nogueira Helena I. S. , Paixão José A. , Fausto Rui , Trindade Tito
Published: August 2022

The hydration mechanism of anhydrous carbamazepine, under different ambient conditions, is investigated here for the first time by complementary vibrational imaging techniques: confocal Raman microscopy and infrared imaging.
Hole transport free carbon-based high thermal stability CsPbI1.2Br1.8 solar cells with an amorphous InGaZnO4 electron transport layer
Authors: Zhang Cong , Yin Xingtian , Guo Yuxiao , Xie Haixia , Liu Dan , Que Wenxiu
Published: August 2022

In this work, sol–gel derived a-IGZO thin films with different annealing temperature are used as the ETL in inorganic perovskite solar cells, which is helpful to the device power conversion efficiency, thermal stability and low-cost production.
The structural evolution of Mo2C and Mo2C/SiO2 under dry reforming of methane conditions: morphology and support effects
Authors: Kurlov Alexey , Stoian Dragos , Baghizadeh Ali , Kountoupi Evgenia , Deeva Evgeniya B. , Willinger Marc , Abdala Paula M. , Fedorov Alexey , Müller Christoph R.
Published: August 2022

In situ Mo K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals different carburization pathways for unsupported and supported MoO3 yielding Mo2C and Mo2C/SiO2. Mo2C/SiO2 features higher resistance to oxidation under dry reforming of methane than Mo2C.
Isotopic evidence for the tangled mechanism of the CO-PROX reaction over mixed and bare cobalt spinel catalysts
Authors: Hudy Camillo , Gryboś Joanna , Steenbakkers Kim , Góra-Marek Kinga , Zasada Filip , Sojka Zbigniew
Published: August 2022

The catalytic performance of the bare Co3O4 and mixed cobalt-spinel catalysts (MxCo3−xO4; M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn) in the CO-PROX process was investigated in the temperature-programmed surface reaction (TPSR) mode using 18O2 as an oxidant.
Environmentally friendly approach for sustainable recycling of spent SCR catalysts and Al alloy scrap to prepare TiAl3 and low-Fe Al alloys
Authors: Zhang Yakun , Lei Yun , Ma Wenhui , Ren Yongsheng , Chen Qiushi , Huan Zhaoyang
Published: August 2022

A new environmentally friendly (no waste gas, liquid, and slag), efficient (two steps), and low-cost (wastes as raw material) approach is proposed to recycle spent SCR catalysts and Al alloy scrap for preparing TiAl3 and low-Fe Al alloys.
Artificial intelligence-based classification of peripheral blood nucleated cells using label-free imaging flow cytometry
Authors: Hirotsu Amane , Kikuchi Hirotoshi , Yamada Hidenao , Ozaki Yusuke , Haneda Ryoma , Kawata Sanshiro , Murakami Tomohiro , Matsumoto Tomohiro , Hiramatsu Yoshihiro , Kamiya Kinji , Yamashita Daisuke , Fujimori Yuki , Ueda Yukio , Okazaki Shigetoshi , Kitagawa Masatoshi , Konno Hiroyuki , Takeuchi Hiroya
Published: August 2022

We developed a method for label-free image identification and classification of peripheral blood nucleated cells flowing in a microfluidic channel, based on the subcellular structures of quantitative phase microscopy images.
A micro-scale rheometer to study foam texture and flow resistance in planar fractures
Authors: Nazari Negar , Kovscek Anthony R.
Published: August 2022

We developed a novel foam rheometer based on microfluidic principles to quantify foam texture and flow resistance. Our analysis showed that there is an optimal foam quality that maximizes apparent viscosity during flow in fractures that has a slight gas rate dependence.
Surface fluorination treated indium-based quantum dots as a nonlinear saturable absorber for a passive Q-switched 1.0 μm laser
Authors: Zhang Xiaoli , Lou Yajun , Hu Lei , Duan Weijia , Chen Guojie , Fan Bingfeng , Zhao Weiren , Zhang Xinhai
Published: August 2022

InP/ZnSe/ZnS QDs with surface fluorination treatment were fabricated and their nonlinear saturable absorption properties explored. Passive Q-switching of diode-pumped Nd:YVO4 near-infrared laser at 1064 nm (∼1.0 μm) using InP-HF QDs as saturable absorber (SA) is observed.
Multifaceted ligand design facilitates chemical- or peptide-mediated linking of hollow gold nanoshells with tuned interparticle distance, interference and cytotoxicities
Authors: Wang Yu-Chen , Théberge-Julien Gabriel , Tardif Jean-Claude , Rhéaume Éric , Lesage Frédéric , Kakkar Ashok
Published: August 2022

Rational design of tunable multi-tasking ligands offers a versatile platform to link hollow gold nanoshells, in which molecular weight of polyethylene glycol arms and length of the spacer play key roles in composition control and optical properties.
Arylation of aldehydes catalyzed by fluorinated NHC–Rh(i) complexes
Authors: Turcio-García Luis Ángel , Valdés Hugo , Hernández-Ortega Simón , Canseco-Gonzalez Daniel , Morales-Morales David
Published: August 2022

A series of Rh(i) complexes with fluorinated NHC ligands were prepared and used as efficient catalysts in the arylation of aldehydes.
Synthesis, characterization and multi-dimensional application approach for two distinctive tetra nuclear, first-time reported, Fe3+/Hg2+ and Fe3+/Cd2+ clusters from a new Fe3+ containing metalloligand
Authors: Laha Soumik , Sathapathi Dibyendu , Das Mainak , Das Manik , Ray Partha Pratim , Bag Arijit , Samanta Bidhan Chandra , Das Uttam Kumar , Maity Tithi
Published: August 2022

Synthesis of two unique μ oxo-bridged complexes MC2 and MC3 from a metalloligand MC1 results to efficient dye degradation efficacy and effective schottkey device.
Biosynthesis, total synthesis, and pharmacological activities of aryltetralin-type lignan podophyllotoxin and its derivatives
Authors: Shen Siyu , Tong Yuru , Luo Yunfeng , Huang Luqi , Gao Wei
Published: August 2022

This paper mainly focused on the asymmetric synthesis of natural product PTOX by biosynthesis and total synthesis, and pharmacological activities of its derivatives.
Study on heterogeneous OH oxidation of 3-methyltetraol sulfate in the atmosphere under high NO conditions
Authors: Guo Chuanen , Xu Luyao , Zhang Chenxi
Published: August 2022

The heterogeneous OH reactivity of 3-methyltetraol sulfate in atmospheric aerosols.
Attenuation of the Bauschinger effect and enhancement of tension–compression asymmetry in single crystal aluminum by temperature
Authors: Shen Jinchuan , Zhou Jinjie , Zhao Gang , Gong Caiyun , Yu Jingui , Xia Zhaohui , Xian Fankai
Published: August 2022

The molecular dynamics method was used to study the effect of temperature on the tension–compression asymmetry and Bauschinger effect of nano single crystal aluminum (NSCA).
Ancillary ligand effects on α-olefin polymerization catalyzed by zirconium metallocene: a computational study
Authors: Zhao Yanan , Xu Xianming , Wang Yulong , Liu Tong , Li Hongpeng , Zhang Yongjun , Wang Libo , Wang Xiuhui , Zhao Simeng , Luo Yi
Published: August 2022

The polymerization of α-olefins catalyzed by zirconium metallocene catalyst was systematically studied through experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
The solvent-free mechano-chemical grinding of a bifunctional P25–graphene oxide adsorbent–photocatalyst and its configuration as porous beads
Authors: Zirar Fatima-Ezzahra , Katir Nadia , Qourzal Samir , Ichou Ihya Ait , El Kadib Abdelkrim
Published: August 2022

Grinding of P25 in the presence of graphene oxide and shaping as porous beads enable access to recyclable photocatalysts.
Multi-framework case study characterizing organic chemistry instructors’ approaches toward teaching about representations
Authors: Jones Tamera , Romanov Anastasia , Pratt Justin M. , Popova Maia
Published: August 2022

Representational competence (RC) is a set of skills to reflectively use a variety of representations to draw inferences, make predictions, and support claims. Despite the important role RC plays in student success in chemistry and the considerable number of investigations into student ability to reason with representations, little is known about instructors’ approaches toward developing student RC skills. This case study characterizes organic chemistry instructors’ intentions and practices toward cultivating their students’ RC. Three organic chemistry instructors participated in semi-structured interviews that explored their Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) and goals for developing student RC. Interview data were triangulated with course artifacts data, including lecture slides and assessments. Several frameworks were used to deductively code the interviews and course artifacts: Kozma and Russell's RC, Geddis’ PCK, Ainsworth's functional taxonomy, and Johnstone's triplet. Through triangulation of different data sources and theories, we found differences in instructors’ PCK for teaching with representations, despite teaching the same course at the same institution. There were also differences in the alignment between each participant's instructional goals and what they enact when teaching and assessing representations. Specifically, two of the three instructors expressed explicit goals for developing student RC skills, which mostly aligned with the focus of their course artifacts. One participant, however, did not articulate any RC skills that they aim to teach and assess; yet, course artifacts revealed that they do use activities and assessment items that target some RC skills. This suggests that this instructor teaches and assesses RC skills without realizing it. Implications for instructors and education researchers are presented in light of these findings.