bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shaftesbury (1671-1713) : cartas a un estudiante universitario
Authors: Imaz Franco Ramón
Published: July 2014

El conjunto de cartas dirigidas por Shaftesbury, uno de los pensadores modernos británicos más originales e influyentes, a Michael Ainsworth, cuya traducción al español aquí se presenta, conforma una totalidad coherente dentro de su correspondencia privada. La relevancia de estos textos como fuente primaria reside en dos hechos. Primero, en que aportan claves exegéticas generales del pensamiento del autor, segundo, en que suministran elementos capitales para alcanzar una completa inteligencia del mismo, en concreto, de su filosofía moral. En este sentido, puede decirse que constituyen una manifestación particularizada de su concepción de un programa para la formación del carácter moral (virtud) del individuo en la que dicha filosofía culminaría; esto es, a la luz de su visión metafísica de la realidad, una expresión práctico-exhortativa circunstanciada de su idea de la virtud como cosa única y singular. Es así que estos escritos permiten vislumbrar el capítulo de cuestiones referente a cómo alcanzar el bien moral (vida moral) que Shaftesbury no abordó en su sistemática An Inquiry Concerning Virtue, or Merit, obra en la que sólo se abordan los temas del bien moral (virtud) y de la obligación moral (virtud y felicidad).The set of letters sent by Shaftesbury, one of the most original and influential modern British thinkers, to Michael Ainsworth constitutes a coherent whole within his private correspondence. The importance of these texts as a primary source lies in two facts. First, they provide general exegetical keys to Shaftesbury’s thinking; secondly, they supply principal information for achieving a full understanding of it, more precisely, of his moral philosophy. In this sense, it can be said that they are a particularized expression of his conception of a program for the formation of the individual’s moral character (virtue) in which that philosophy culminates; that is, in light of Shaftesbury’s metaphysical view of reality, these texts are a circumstantiated exhortative- practical expression of his idea of virtue as something unique and singular. Thus, these writings, translated into Spanish in this paper, offer a glimpse of the key moral issue of how to achieve moral good (moral life) which Shaftesbury did not tackle in his systematic An Inquiry Concerning Virtue, or Merit, a book that only deals with the issues of moral good (virtue) and moral obligation (virtue and happiness).
RESEÑA de : Racionero Carmona, Quintín. La inquietud en el barro : lecciones de historia de la filosofía antigua y medieval. Vol. I : El espíritu griego. Madrid : Dykinson, 2010
Authors: García Santos Cristina
Published: July 2014

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RESEÑA de : Cubo Ugarte, Óscar. La Actualidad hermenéutica del «Saber Absoluto» : una lectura de la Fenomenología del Espíritu de Hegel. Madrid : Dykinson, 2010
Authors: Mariano Leiro Manuel
Published: July 2014

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De la indeterminación y el discurso: interpretación de la teoría aristotélica de la ousia como ontología apotropaica
Authors: Llorente Jaime
Published: July 2014

El presente artículo puede ser considerado como una tentativa hermenéutica dirigida a la significación última que reviste el concepto clave sobre el que descansa la totalidad del edificio teórico de la metafísica aristotélica. En él se expone, pues, una interpretación «apotropaica» de la posición ontológicamente preeminente concedida por Aristóteles a la ousía. Conforme a ella, ésta aparece como elemento eminentemente determinado y definido que logra alejar y ocultar la permanente amenaza de lo ontológicamente indeterminado, a la vez que garantiza la posibilidad del ejercicio de la predicación discursiva imposibilitada por la consideración de lo indefinido como entidad primera. Desde tal punto de vista, las ontologías de Platón y Aristóteles persiguen, en último término, el mismo objetivo, si bien merced a la adopción de perspectivas teóricas aparentemente divergentes.
RESEÑA de : Blackledge, P.; Knight, K. (eds.). Virtue and Politics : Alasdair MacIntyre’sRevolutionary Aristotelianism. Indiana : University of Notre Dame Press, 2011
Authors: Ramis Barceló Rafael
Published: July 2014

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RESEÑA de : Gómez Sánchez, Carlos; Aranguren, José Luis. Filosofía y vida intelectual. Madrid : UNED : Trotta, 2010
Authors: Ruescas Juárez Juan Antonio
Published: July 2014

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RESEÑA de : Román López, María Teresa. La maleta del buscador : herramientas para la libertad y el crecimiento personal. Madrid : Miraguano, 2011
Authors: Yuste Piedad
Published: July 2014

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Kant y escandaloso tópico de la prohibición de mentir: una lectura alternativa desde la filosofía del derecho
Authors: Granja Castro Dulce María , Charpenel Elorduy Eduardo
Published: July 2014

El propósito de este artículo es presentar una interpretación del ensayo de Kant Sobre un presunto derecho a mentir por filantropía, basada en los conceptos fundamentales de su propia filosofía del derecho. Por medio de esta lectura, hemos de explicar por qué muchos comentadores no han apreciado lo que verdaderamente estaba discutiéndose en su debate con el jurista francés Benjamin constant. a nuestro entender, los dos puntos principales que Kant trata de defender en este ensayo son la naturaleza de las declaraciones jurídicas y la imposibilidad de un deber o una obligación de mentir en un contexto legal. las tesis que trataremos de defender son, por un lado, que la validez de la posición kantiana respecto a ambos temas no depende, en sentido alguno, de su equivocado tratamiento del polémico ejemplo que discute, y, por otro lado, que ambos tópicos son de gran relevancia en aras de procurar un conocimiento adecuado de cómo las instituciones jurídicas deben impartir justicia.
Sublime belleza: aportaciones para una síntesis categorial (a partir de la estética de Friedrich Schiller)
Authors: Murcia Serrano Inmaculada
Published: July 2014

lo bello y lo sublime constituyen categorías estéticas de diferente significación, especialmente, a partir de que Immanuel Kant las divorciara en la Crítica del juicio. aunque Friedrich Schiller dedicó también textos distintos a cada una de ellas, en su caso es posible desentrañar las raíces comunes y los paralelismos estructurales que ostentan estos dos conceptos históricos. De ello puede surgir una propuesta de sintetización que deshaga los estériles compartimentos estancos en que a veces ha degenerado la estética.
Experiencia y lenguaje en Dilthey y Collingwood: autobiografía intelectual y pretensión de verdad de la ciencia histórica
Authors: Miras Boronat Sara Nuria
Published: July 2014

El primer nivel de articulación entre experiencia y lenguaje es la biografía, la narración de los momentos más relevantes de la propia vida. En un nivel más elevado, la ciencia histórica podría ser considerada como la narración de la experiencia colectiva. Este artículo busca clarificar estos dos niveles de articulación e interpretación de la vida de los individuos y de las comunidades en Dilthey y Collingwood. Partiendo de distintas concepciones del lenguaje, éstos presentan modos alternativos de ver el rol de la biografía filosófica en la construcción de la ciencia de la historia.
Terapia sistémica: una reformulación de sus principios básicos en términos de juegos de lenguaje
Authors: Ariso Jose Maria
Published: July 2014

Aunque Steve de Shazer y otros autores han usado el concepto wittgensteiniano de «juego de lenguaje» para entender el modo en que la realidad es percibida y conceptualizada por el cliente, es necesaria una reformulación de los principios básicos de la terapia sistémica en términos de juegos de lenguaje. En este artículo llevaré a cabo dicha reformulación al señalar algunos paralelismos entre la terapia sistémica y la filosofía tardía de Wittgenstein en relación con su noción de «enfermedad»; la prioridad concedida a la disolución sobre la solución tanto de sistemas-problema como de problemas filosóficos; la importancia de ofrecer una perspectiva más amplia de los correspondientes problemas, y sobre todo, la dificultad de afrontar las resistencias que aparecerán a medida que avance el proceso de disolución. además, estos paralelismos arrojarán luz también sobre algunos aspectos tan importantes de la filosofía tardía de Wittgenstein como su convicción de que la filosofía deja todo como está.
Del 15-M al imperativo disyuntivo: la democracia radical como fundamento de la virtud
Authors: Hernandez Castro David
Published: July 2014

Después del Movimiento 15-M, también llamado movimiento de los Indignados, este ensayo propone un nuevo planteamiento de la teoría de la acción y la democracia radical. A partir de una exposición crítica de la ética kantiana y un análisis de la teoría de la acción de Aristóteles, el autor propondrá una ontología de la acción en la que se formula el imperativo disyuntivo como la base de la democracia radical.
RESEÑA de : Echeverría, J. G. W. Leibniz. Madrid : Gredos, 2011
Authors: Ramis Barceló Rafael
Published: July 2014

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La ley de giro (Drehungsgesetz) de Dove (1827) y el nacimiento de la dinámica atmosférica en Alemania
Authors: Carramolino David
Published: July 2014

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Meliso de Samos: la corrección de la ontología parmenídea y sus inevitables consecuencias escépticas
Authors: Román Alcalá Ramón
Published: July 2014

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Acerca de la unidad
Authors: Uscatescu Barrón Jorge
Published: July 2014

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Notas para una filosofía de la cultura: comentario a la Filosofía de la cultura, de J. Mosterín
Authors: San Martín Sala José Javier
Published: July 2014

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Obituario
Authors: Fraijó Manuel
Published: July 2014

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Presentación
Authors: Rivera de Rosales Jacinto
Published: July 2014

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Abreviaturas utilizadas
Authors: Yuste Leciñena Piedad
Published: July 2014

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Los tres primeros actos del Yo: la intuición intelectual, el concepto del Yo y la dualidad facultad / No-Yo (§§ 1 y 2)
Authors: Rivera de Rosales Jacinto
Published: July 2014

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Elección y suma (Comentario a la WLnm §§ 5-6)
Authors: Carrasco Conde Ana
Published: July 2014

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Mallas que la autoconciencia teje: desde el actuar hasta el espacio y la materia (recapitulación y §§ 9-10. a)
Authors: Carvalho Mário Jorge de
Published: July 2014

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Exposición de los conceptos de «restrictividad» y «exhortación» a partir de los §§ 15 y 16 del manuscrito Krause de la Doctrina de la Ciencia nova methodo
Authors: Acosta Emiliano
Published: July 2014

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Necesidad, libertad y filosofía en Fichte: una lectura de la primera introducción a la Doctrina de la Ciencia de 1797
Authors: Solé María Jimena
Published: July 2014

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A complementaridade segundo N. Bohr: pelas relações quânticas e pelos fundamentos
Authors: Meneses Ramiro Délio Borges de
Published: July 2014

A nova forma de causalidade estatística, Niels Bohr deu-lhe o nome de princípio da complementaridade, em dois modos de compreender a «natureza física». As relações de complementaridade, expressando os limites dos conceitos clássicos, pretendem apresentar nova leitura sobre os fenómenos atómicos, em termos dos conceitos da física clássica. N. Bohr propõe um novo princípio de complementaridade. Assim, serão analisados os fundamentos ontológicos, gnoseológicos e as aplicações do referido princípio da Mecânica Quântica.
Pomponazzi y la eternidad del mundo: entre el problema neutro y el saber dialéctico
Authors: Forte Juan Manuel
Published: July 2014

En el último capítulo del De Immortalitate Animae Pomponazzi afirma que el asunto de la inmortalidad del alma, como el de la eternidad del mundo, es un problema neutro. En este trabajo me gustaría mostrar que en realidad Pomponazzi no ha tratado la aeternitas mundi como un problema, sino más bien como una proposición verosímil en el sentido aristotélico. Por otro lado, se abordan algunos análisis que interpretan el pensamiento del filósofo a partir, entre otras, de estas cuestiones
Antropología filosófica en los tratados de medicina sánscrita
Authors: Arnau Navarro Juan
Published: July 2014

El artículo analiza la concepción del ser humano utilizando como fuentes primarias los compendios sánscritos clásicos de medicina de Caraka (siglo II) y Vāgbhata (sigloVII). Estos tratados combinan dos tipos de perspectivas: el punto de vista médico y trasfondos filosóficos procedentes de la escuela sāmkhya, unos de los seis sistemas filosóficos ortodoxos del brahmanismo. Se analizan las diversas concepciones en torno a la concepción del embrión, la herencia del padre y de la madre, las fases y cuidados de la gestación y el estado bicardíaco. Estas concepciones se contrastan con los trasfondos filosóficos brahmánicos que subyacen al conocimiento médico: las relaciones entre el individuo y el mundo natural, la sede de la mente, la naturaleza de la conciencia y del cuerpo sutil y las relaciones entre la salud y ciertas actitudes del cuerpo, el habla y la mente.
¿Ilusorio en comparación con qué? Rorty, Davidson y la posibilidad de una indagación pragmatista sobre el escepticismo al por mayor
Authors: Filgueiras Nodar José María
Published: July 2014

Este artículo explora las consecuencias de una conclusión que Rorty halla en la obra de Davidson (a saber, que el escepticismo generalizado carece de sentido, por necesitar siempre de un patrón de comparación –o trasfondo de creencias verdaderas), analizando tres escenarios que aparecen comúnmente en los debates sobre el escepticismo: los sueños, las alucinaciones y los cerebros en una cubeta. Tal análisis mostrará que ninguno de estos casos es capaz de iniciar una investigación susceptible de considerarse justificada por pragmatistas como Peirce o Dewey. Después de ello, el texto trata la aparente posibilidad que existe de llevar al extremo las dudas escépticas, lo cual conducirá a exponer ciertos condicionamientos históricos de la cartesiana Concepción Absoluta de la Realidad.
Descripción y fases del mecanismo del chivo expiatorio en la teoría mimética de René Girard
Authors: Moreno Fernández Agustín
Published: July 2014

Uno de los temas fundamentales en la obra de René Girard es su hipótesis del mecanismo del chivo expiatorio. Sin embargo, es difícil hallar en sus escritos una síntesis de la misma o una descripción completa de las diferentes fases de las que se compone. El propósito de nuestro trabajo es compilar y componer ambas.
Thomas Digges, Giordano Bruno y el desarrollo del copernicanismo en Inglaterra
Authors: Granada Miguel Ángel
Published: July 2014

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Del escándalo al cálculo: nuevas aventuras de la autorreferencia
Authors: Alonso González Enrique
Published: July 2014

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Valores y racionalidad: Hilary Putnam y el legado de la filosofía norteamericana
Authors: Castillo Ramón del
Published: July 2014

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La ciencia post no-clásica y la filosofía
Authors: Burguete Ayala Ricardo
Published: July 2014

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La recepción del pensamiento nietzscheano en el siglo XX
Authors: Hierro Oliva Rafael del
Published: July 2014

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El otro y lo mismo: peripecias del cuerpo al filo del 2000
Authors: Sánchez Antonio
Published: July 2014

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Rescatando textos olvidados y papeles inéditos. RESEÑA de : Castrillo, Pilar. Los precursores británicos de la lógica moderna. Madrid : UNED, 1993. Godel, Kurt. Ensayos inéditos. Madrid : Mondadori, 1994
Authors: Vega Luis
Published: July 2014

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RESEÑA de : Burgos Díaz, Elvira. Dioniso en la filosofía del joven Nietzsche. Zaragoza : Prensas Universitarias, 1993
Authors: Suances Marcos Manuel
Published: July 2014

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Lógica y tensión científica: comentarios a propósito de Karl R. Popper
Authors: Alonso González Enrique
Published: July 2014

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Protágoras y el enunciado del hombre medida
Authors: Samaranch Kirner Francisco
Published: July 2014

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Bibliografía de Don Miguel Asín Palacios
Authors: Lomba Fuentes Joaquín
Published: July 2014

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Estructura y contenido de la interpretación: una introducción a la teoría de la racionalidad de D. Davidson (II)
Authors: Castillo Ramón del
Published: July 2014

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Bacon y los proyectos de lenguaje filosófico del siglo XVII
Authors: Castrillo Criado Pilar
Published: July 2014

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La actitud antropológica
Authors: Díaz Álvarez Jesús Miguel
Published: July 2014

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La "Plenitudo Potestatis" en el Defensor Minor de Marsilio de Padua
Authors: Roche Arnas Pedro
Published: July 2014

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Fuentes y contexto del misticismo español del Siglo de Oro
Authors: Suances Marcos Manuel
Published: July 2014

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La estructura fina de la revolución química del s. XVIII
Authors: Estany Anna
Published: July 2014

La revolución química del siglo XVIII ha sido uno de los casos históricos más estudiados por los filósofos interesados en explicar el progreso de la ciencia. T. Kukn, I. Lakatos, S. Toulmin y L. Laudan, entre otros, hacen referencia a este cambio en sus modelos de cambio científico. La mayoría de los autores hacen análisis globales del paso de la química del flogisto a la química del oxígeno pero descuidan los cambios parciales aunque importantes. El objetivo de este trabajo es el estudio de los cambios ontdógicos que se produjeron durante el siglo XVIII, tomando para ello algunas teorías de la referencia a fin de evaluar la capacidad referencia! de la ontología de la química del flogisto y la de la química del oxígeno. Esto nos permite penetrar en la microestructura de la revolución química del siglo XVIII y perfilar una parte de su estructura fina.
El alma dormida: metamorfosis de un tema platónico
Authors: Samaranch Kirner Francisco
Published: July 2014

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La ciencia en el pensamiento de Ortega: ensayo sobre la influencia de la ciencia en la evolución del pensamiento orteguiano
Authors: García Aguilar Luis
Published: July 2014

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RESEÑA de : Sánchez Meca, D. Metamorfosis y confines de la individualidad. Madrid : Tecnos, 1995
Authors: López Peláez Antonio
Published: July 2014

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La revolución kantiana de Kuhn
Authors: Solís Santos Carlos
Published: July 2014

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La memoría colectiva y las tensiones esenciales del (buen) historiador (de la ciencia)
Authors: Broncano Fernando
Published: July 2014

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T.S. Kuhn y las ciencias sociales
Authors: Gómez Rodríguez Amparo
Published: July 2014

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Exploring the dissolution effect on the intrashell Mg/Ca variability of the planktic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber
Authors: Fehrenbacher Jennifer S. , Martin Pamela A.
Published: July 2014

The Mg/Ca ratio of the planktic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber is widely used for reconstructing past sea surface temperatures. The shell Mg/Ca ratio is also lowered by dissolution, which results in lower sea surface temperature estimates in partially dissolved shells. Here we use an electron microprobe image mapping technique to map the intrashell variability of the Mg/Ca ratio in G. ruber (white) sensu stricto shells to explore changes in the intrashell Mg/Ca ratio associated with dissolution. We examine shells from shallow and deep cores (Ceara Rise, western tropical Atlantic) from the Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum that represent a preservational gradient. Image map results show that the Mg/Ca ratio is highly variable both within a single shell and among samples obtained from the same sediment interval. Our results show that intrashell Mg/Ca variability is retained in samples that have undergone dissolution. Quantitative analysis of the data from Mg/Ca mapping suggests that preferential loss of high‐Mg/Ca calcite alone cannot account for the difference in intrashell Mg/Ca variability of shells from shallow and deep cores in both time periods. Rather, the data imply that, in G. ruber analyzed in this study, there is a loss of high Mg/Ca ratios accompanied by a more uniform lowering of Mg/Ca over the range of intershell Mg/Ca variability of shells subjected to dissolution at the 1 µm resolution of the microprobe analysis in this study.
Freedom
Authors: Hirschmann Nancy J.
Published: July 2014

The concept of freedom has played a central role in the history of politics and political theory, motivating wars, revolutions, rebellions, and guiding the formation of governments, states, and nations. It is one of the key ideals of political theory, what Bernard Gallie called “an essentially contested concept.” Thus defining freedom throughout the history of political thought requires grappling with such contestation over not only what freedom means, but what sorts of questions one needs to ask to determine that meaning. Theorists define freedom within different framework assumptions about the nature of human existence and character, with different kinds of society and government, and in response to different historical events, as well as to different political, practical, and philosophical questions they seek to answer. Indeed, Hannah Pitkin, following Hannah Arendt, goes so far as to differentiate “freedom” from “liberty,” though that distinction is not endorsed by the majority of freedom theorists. Yet certain elements persist throughout the history of the concept within the field of political theory. Despite common assertions that freedom is a uniquely modern concern, struggles over the meaning of freedom date to ancient times. The differences between various epochs, however, are as interesting for the continuities that cross between them as the contrasts that distinguish them. The meaning of freedom in all eras relates to the conception of a person that operates in a culture and period, and the person's relationship to society. Differing understandings of society and of the members of those societies are pivotal in determining differences among conceptions of freedom.
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1770–1831)
Authors: Hutchings Kimberly
Published: July 2014

Hegel is one of the most influential, as well as one of the most controversial, philosophers in modern European history. His work encompassed all branches of philosophy, but it was his ideas about philosophical method, his conception of ethics, and his philosophies of right and history that decisively shaped later debate in political thought. His work was an important source for Marx and Marxism, but it also inspired a range of liberal, conservative, and radical thinkers in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, both positively and negatively. At the end of the twentieth century, many political theories could still be defined in terms of their positive or negative relation to Hegel's thought (for example communitarianism as opposed to postmodernism). And since the 1970s there has been an ongoing revival of Hegel scholarship, with calls to return to works such asPhenomenology of SpiritandElements of the Philosophy of Rightfor answers to contemporary questions about multiculturalism, social justice, freedom, and political community. Nearly 200 years after his death, regardless of whether one is “for” or “against” Hegel the legacy of his political thought remains inescapable.
Future Landscapes of Spatial Details: An Interview with Philippe Rahm
Authors: Garcia Mark
Published: July 2014

From his Paris base, Philippe Rahm has gained an international reputation for uncharted explorations into the physical environment; his preoccupation with the meteorological has opened up wholly new possibilities for sustainable design. In this interview with Guest‐Editor Mark Garcia, Rahm highlights how his practice has developed an alternative approach, or third way, for the detail, which is neither the highly worked‐up tectonic detail nor the non‐detail, but instead has grown out of a focus on climate and the application of new and often modest techniques.
The Architectural Detail and the Fear of Commitment
Authors: Burry Mark
Published: July 2014

Mark Burry holds a unique position in architecture, straddling the worlds of practice and academia as Senior Architect to the Temple Sagrada Família in Barcelona and as Professor at RMIT in Melbourne, where he is Founding Director of the RMIT Design Research Institute. In his Counterpoint to this issue of AD, he puts the spotlight back on construction, asking whether the detail could be in danger of falling victim to an inadvertent and ‘massive separation of design from making’. As he states: ‘to detail effectively is to understand not only what the building “is”, but how it will be made’.
Enhanced Multifunctional Properties of Graphene Nanocomposites with Nacre‐Like Structures
Authors: Yan Liang , Chang Ya‐Nan , Yin Wenyan , Tian Gan , Zhou Liangjun , Hu Zhongbo , Xing Gengmei , Gu Zhanjun , Zhao Yuliang
Published: July 2014

Filler of inorganic nanocrystals is an efficient way to greatly enhance the functional performance of graphene‐based nanocomposites or to create new properties of graphene materials. However, it remains a challenge because the fabrication of such nanocomposites may decline or even lose the functional properties of the constituents during the hybridization process. In this work, a new class of multifunctional nanocomposites incorporating Fe3O4 magnetic nanocrystals (MNCs) and NaYF4:Yb,Er upconversion nanocrystals (UCNCs) within graphene oxide (GO) matrix are created based on the co‐assembly of the preformed nanocrystals and graphene. These new graphene nanocomposites distinctively exhibit both the favorable photoluminescence of UCNC and magnetic property of MNC building blocks. Moreover, the graphene nanocomposites exhibit enhanced mechanical properties, good biocompatibility, as well as high electrical conductivity after thermal annealing. Compared with the pure GO film, the maximum tensile strength (102.8 MPa) and modulus (10.9 GPa) of the graphene nanocomposite increase by ca. 119 and 160%, respectively. The luminescent, magnetic, and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites can be fine‐tuned by changing the graphene‐to‐nanocrystal ratios. These results enable to fabricate multi‐targeting and multi‐treating tools and lighting devices.
Lithium Phenolate Complexes with a Pyridine‐Containing Polymer for Solution‐Processable Electron Injection Layers in PLEDs
Authors: Chiba Takayuki , Pu Yong‐Jin , Takahashi Shogo , Sasabe Hisahiro , Kido Junji
Published: July 2014

A series of (vinylphenyl)pyridine‐based polymer binders, PVPh2Py, PVPh3Py, and PVPh4Py, are designed and synthesized and it is found that mixtures of Liq and the polymers exhibit superior electron injection characteristics as ultrathin (1.6 nm) electron injection layer (EIL) films. They are comparable to those of EILs composed only of Liq. The addition of the polymers does not deteriorate the performance of Liq EILs. Additionally, when the EIL thickness is increased from 1.6 nm to 16 nm, the driving voltages increase and the external quantum efficiencies decrease. The increase in the voltage and decrease in the EQE are suppressed in the device with mixed EILs compared to those observed for the device composed of 100 wt% Liq. Furthermore, the position of the nitrogen in the pyridine ring is considered to influence the electron transport properties of the EILs. The mixing PVPh4Py with Liq improves the driving voltage of the fabricated devices, even with a thick mixed EIL. This reduced dependence of the performance of EILs on their thickness will be advantageous for the coating of large areas using solution processes.
DNA‐Templated Biomimetic Enzyme Sheets on Carbon Nanotubes to Sensitively In Situ Detect Superoxide Anions Released from Cells
Authors: Ma Xiaoqing , Hu Weihua , Guo Chunxian , Yu Ling , Gao Lixia , Xie Jiale , Li Chang Ming
Published: July 2014

Superoxide anion (O2−) is implicated in a wide variety of biological phenomena and oxidative stress‐related diseases. The electrochemical detection of O2− is very attractive but relies on superoxide dismutase enzymes, thus suffering from high cost and low durability. The advances of nanoscience allows architecting while functionalizing a biomimetic sensing platform in nanoscales for high sensitivity and specificity. In this work, manganous phosphate (Mn3(PO4)2) nanosheets, a biomimetic enzyme, are template‐synthesized with DNA and further assembled on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to form unique DNA‐Mn3(PO4)2‐CNT nanocomposite sheets, of which the Mn3(PO4)2 sheets efficiently catalyze the dismutation of O2− while CNTs enable fast electron transfer, thus achieving highly sensitive and specific detection of O2− with long‐term stability. The biomimetic O2− sensor is further used to monitor O2−in situ released from mouse cancer cell and normal skin cell under drug stimulation, showing excellent real time quantitative detection capability. This work demonstrates a nanoscale approach to not only synthesize but also design a biomimetic enzyme for comparable performance with the natural enzyme‐based biosensor while rendering much higher durability than the natural one and thus holding a great promise for broad applications in fundamental research, clinic diagnostics and screening for drug therapy effects.
State of the Art of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Synthesis on Surfaces
Authors: Chen Yabin , Zhang Yingying , Hu Yue , Kang Lixing , Zhang Shuchen , Xie Huanhuan , Liu Dan , Zhao Qiuchen , Li Qingwen , Zhang Jin
Published: July 2014

Single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) directly synthesized on surfaces are promising building blocks for nanoelectronics. The structures and the arrangement of the SWNTs on surfaces determine the quality and density of the fabricated nanoelectronics, implying the importance of structure controlled growth of SWNTs on surfaces. This review summarizes the recent research status in controlling the orientation, length, density, diameter, metallicity, and chirality of SWNTs directly synthesized on surfaces by chemical vapor deposition, together with a session presenting the characterization method of the chirality of SWNTs. Finally, the remaining major challenges are discussed and future research directions are proposed.
Cerium(IV)‐Catalyzed sp3 CH Bond Oxidation of Glycine Derivatives: Radical Cation Prompted Dioxygen Activation in the Presence of Triarylamine
Authors: Liu Jing , Wang Yaxin , Yu Liangliang , Huo Congde , Wang Xicun , Jia Xiaodong
Published: July 2014

Catalytic cerium(IV)‐triggered sp3 CH bond oxidation of glycine derivatives was achieved in the presence of catalytic tris(4‐bromophenyl)amine, producing a series of quinolines, in which the generation of a triarylamine radical cation is the key step to prompt the aerobic oxidation. Both intermolecular and intramolecular reactions occur smoothly, showing good generality towards the synthesis of functionalized quinoline derivatives.

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Effects of dietary fracture toughness and dental wear on chewing efficiency in geladas (Theropithecus gelada)
Authors: Venkataraman Vivek V. , Glowacka Halszka , Fritz Julia , Clauss Marcus , Seyoum Chalachew , Nguyen Nga , Fashing Peter J.
Published: July 2014

Chewing efficiency has been associated with fitness in mammals, yet little is known about the behavioral, ecological, and morphological factors that influence chewing efficiency in wild animals. Although research has established that dental wear and food material properties independently affect chewing efficiency, few studies have addressed the interaction among these factors. We examined chewing efficiency, measured as mean fecal particle size, as a function of seasonal shifts in diet (and corresponding changes in food fracture toughness) in a single breeding population of a grazing primate, the gelada monkey, at Guassa, Ethiopia. We also measured dental topographic traits (slope, angularity, and relief index) and relative two‐ and three‐dimensional shearing crest lengths in a cross‐sectional wear series of gelada molars. Chewing efficiency decreased during the dry season, a pattern corresponding to the consumption of foods with higher fracture toughness. Older individuals experienced the most pronounced decreases in chewing efficiency between seasons, implicating dental wear as a causal factor. This pattern is consistent with our finding that dental topographic metrics and three‐dimensional relative shearing crest lengths were lowest at the last stage of wear. Integrating these lines of behavioral, ecological, and morphological evidence provides some of the first empirical support for the hypothesis that food fracture toughness and dental wear together contribute to chewing efficiency. Geladas have the highest chewing efficiencies measured thus far in primates, and may be analogous to equids in their emphasis on dental design as a means of particle size reduction in the absence of highly specialized digestive physiology. Am J Phys Anthropol 155:17–32, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Angiopep‐Conjugated Electro‐Responsive Hydrogel Nanoparticles: Therapeutic Potential for Epilepsy
Authors: Ying Xiaoying , Wang Yi , Liang Jiao , Yue Jiaxing , Xu Cenglin , Lu Lina , Xu Zhenghao , Gao Jianqing , Du Yongzhong , Chen Zhong
Published: July 2014

A safe and effective therapy for epilepsy requires a drug delivery system that can penetrate the blood–brain barrier and subsequently release antiepileptic drugs rapidly to suppress neuronal discharges in a timely manner. We have developed electro‐responsive hydrogel nanoparticles (ERHNPs) modified with angiopep‐2 (ANG) to facilitate the delivery of the antiepileptic drug phenytoin sodium. The resulting ANG‐ERHNPs had an average diameter of (102.3±16.8) nm and were electro‐sensitive with regard to particle size and drug release in vitro. ANG‐ERHNPs have the characteristics of penetrate the BBB easily, resulting in a higher distribution in the central system. The improved antiepileptic effects were investigated with the amygdala kindling model. The results demonstrate that the ANG‐ERHNPs were able to transport antiepileptic drugs into the brain and release them under electroencephalograph epileptiform abnormalities to greatly improve the therapeutic index of existing drugs in clinical use.
Bindungseigenschaften lokaler Strukturmotive in amorphem GeTe
Authors: Deringer Volker L. , Zhang Wei , Lumeij Marck , Maintz Stefan , Wuttig Matthias , Mazzarello Riccardo , Dronskowski Richard
Published: July 2014

Ungeachtet seiner einfachen Zusammensetzung und enormen technischen Wichtigkeit wirft das Phasenwechselmaterial Germaniumtellurid (GeTe) auch heute noch grundlegende Fragen auf. Insbesondere die Bindungsmechanismen in amorphem GeTe haben sich bislang einer schlüssigen Erklärung entzogen, da geeignete bindungsanalytische Hilfsmittel fehlten. Hier führen wir einen neuen Bindungsindikator für amorphe Strukturen ein, den wir als “bindungsgewichtete Verteilungsfunktion” (BWDF) bezeichnen, und wenden diese Methode auf amorphes GeTe an. Die Ergebnisse belegen, daß homopolare Ge‐Ge‐Bindungen darin eine besondere Rolle spielen: sie stabilisieren einzelne tetraedrische Fragmente, nicht aber das globale Netzwerk. Diese atomaufgelöste (d. h. chemische) Perspektive hat Bedeutung für die Langzeitstabilität amorpher “Null‐Bits” und damit für das technisch wichtige Phänomen der Widerstandsdrift.
Pd/NbOPO4 Multifunctional Catalyst for the Direct Production of Liquid Alkanes from Aldol Adducts of Furans
Authors: Xia Qi‐Neng , Cuan Qian , Liu Xiao‐Hui , Gong Xue‐Qing , Lu Guan‐Zhong , Wang Yan‐Qin
Published: July 2014

Great efforts have been made to convert renewable biomass into transportation fuels. Herein, we report the novel properties of NbOx‐based catalysts in the hydrodeoxygenation of furan‐derived adducts to liquid alkanes. Excellent activity and stability were observed with almost no decrease in octane yield (>90 % throughout) in a 256 h time‐on‐stream test. Experimental and theoretical studies showed that NbOx species play the key role in CO bond cleavage. As a multifunctional catalyst, Pd/NbOPO4 plays three roles in the conversion of aldol adducts into alkanes: 1) The noble metal (in this case Pd) is the active center for hydrogenation; 2) NbOx species help to cleave the CO bond, especially of the tetrahydrofuran ring; and 3) a niobium‐based solid acid catalyzes the dehydration, thus enabling the quantitative conversion of furan‐derived adducts into alkanes under mild conditions.
Processability of polysulfone improved by adding polyamide 6 and polysulfone‐polyamide 6 block copolymer
Authors: Lin Gan , Lin Xianshui , Qian Hao , Lin Zhiyong
Published: July 2014

Although polysulfone (PSU) is a potential thermoplastic engineering plastic with high heat resistance, good dimensional stability and excellent mechanical properties, its poor processability has greatly restricted its application in electrical, aerospace, and medical fields. In this work, polyamide 6 (PA6) and PSU‐PA6 block copolymer (PSU‐b‐PA6) were used to improve the processibility and formability of PSU depending on their excellent fluidity and good compatibility between two components. Furthermore, the fluidity, thermal and mechanical properties of the blends were carefully investigated. It was found that, melt flow index of PSU could be increased above 10 times, and strength and toughness could be enhanced by 4–10% with the introduction of 10 wt % PA6 and PSU‐b‐PA6 without compromising the heat resistance of PSU obviously. The processing conditions of PSU could be improved while maintaining a decent comprehensive performance. Thus, the method has great potential for extending the applications of PSU. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41139.
H3PW12O40·4H2O as an efficient catalyst for the conversion of cellulose into partially substituted cellulose acetate
Authors: Liao Chongjing , Fang Tao , Luo Shanshan , Fan Guo‐Zhi , Song Guangsen
Published: July 2014

The preparation of partial acetylation of cellulose derived from rice straw was catalyzed by phosphotungstic acid with various numbers of crystal water, and H3PW12O40·4H2O was found to be as effective catalyst. The yield of the cellulose acetate was significantly enhanced by converting cellulose directly isolated from rice straw into microcrystalline cellulose before acetylation. The optimization of the acetylation was investigated by varying the amount of catalyst and acetic anhydride as well as reaction conditions including reaction time and medium, and a degree of substitution (DS) value of 2.29 and yield of 62.9% were obtained under the optimized conditions. The structure and the formation of the acetylated product were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) technique, the thermal properties were determined by thermal analysis including thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the morphology was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41212.
Lingo‐1 Inhibited by RNA Interference Promotes Functional Recovery of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Wang Chun‐Juan , Qu Chuan‐Qiang , Zhang Jie , Fu Pei‐Cai , Guo Shou‐Gang , Tang Rong‐Hua
Published: July 2014

Lingo‐1 is a negative regulator of myelination. Repairment of demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS)/experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), requires activation of the myelination program. In this study, we observed the effect of RNA interference on Lingo‐1 expression, and the impact of Lingo‐1 suppression on functional recovery and myelination/remyelination in EAE mice. Lentiviral vectors encoding Lingo‐1 short hairpin RNA (LV/Lingo‐1‐shRNA) were constructed to inhibit Lingo‐1 expression. LV/Lingo‐1‐shRNA of different titers were transferred into myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein‐induced EAE mice by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection. Meanwhile, lentiviral vectors carrying nonsense gene sequence (LVCON053) were used as negative control. The Lingo‐1 expression was detected and locomotor function was evaluated at different time points (on days 1,3,7,14,21, and 30 after ICV injection). Myelination was investigated by luxol fast blue (LFB) staining.LV/Lingo‐1‐shRNA administration via ICV injection could efficiently down‐regulate the Lingo‐1 mRNA and protein expression in EAE mice on days 7,14,21, and 30 (P < 0.01), especially in the 5 × 108 TU/mL and 5 × 109 TU/mL LV/Lingo‐1‐shRNA groups. The locomotor function score in the LV/Lingo‐1‐shRNA treated groups were significantly lower than the untreated or LVCON053 group from day 7 on. The 5 × 108 TU/mL LV/Lingo‐1‐shRNA group achieved the best functional improvement (0.87 ± 0.11 vs. 3.05 ± 0.13, P < 0.001). Enhanced myelination/remyelination was observed in the 5 × 107, 5 × 108, 5 × 109 TU/mL LV/Lingo‐1‐shRNA groups by LFB staining (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and P < 0.05).The data showed that administering LV/Lingo‐1‐shRNA by ICV injection could efficiently knockdown Lingo‐1 expression in vivo, improve functional recovery and enhance myelination/remyelination. Antagonism of Lingo‐1 by RNA interference is, therefore, a promising approach for the treatment of demyelinating diseases, such as MS/EAE. Anat Rec, 297:2356–2363, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simultaneous determination of oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, quercetin and apigenin in Swertia mussotii Franch by capillary zone electrophoresis with running buffer modifier
Authors: Gao Ruibin , Wang Litao , Yang Yan , Ni Jingman , Zhao Liang , Dong Shuqing , Guo Mei
Published: July 2014

The method of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with direct UV detection was developed for the determination of oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, quercetin and apigenin. and then for the first time successfully applied to the analysis of four analytes in Swertia mussotii Franch and its preparations. Various factors affecting the CZE procedure were investigated and optimized, and the optimal conditions were: 50 × 10−3 mol/L borate‐phosphate buffer (pH 9.5) with 5.0 × 10−3 mol/L β‐cyclodextrin, 15 kV separation voltage, 20 °C column temperature, 250 nm detection wavelength and 5 s electrokinetic injection time (voltage 20 psi). Under the conditions, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, quercetin and apigenin could be determined within the test ranges with a good correlation coefficient (r2 > 0.9991). The limits of detection for conditions, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, quercetin and apigenin were 0.3415, 0.2003, 0.0062 and 0.2538 µg/mL, respectively, and the intra‐ and inter‐day relative standard deviations were no more than 4.72%. This procedure provided a convenient, sensitive and accurate method for simultaneous determination of oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, quercetin and apigenin in S. mussotii Franch. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The clinical anatomy of the inferior vena cava: A review of common congenital anomalies and considerations for clinicians
Authors: Spentzouris Georgios , Zandian Anthony , Cesmebasi Alper , Kinsella Christopher R. , Muhleman Mitchel , Mirzayan Nadine , Shirak Michelle , Tubbs R. Shane , Shaffer Kitt , Loukas Marios
Published: July 2014

Anomalies in the course and drainage of the Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) may complicate normal functioning, correct diagnosis, and therapeutic interventions within the abdomen. Development of the IVC occurs during the 4th to 8th week of gestation, and due to its developmental complexity, there are many opportunities for malformations to occur. Although most IVC anomalies are clinically silent and are usually discovered incidentally on abdominal imaging, aberrations may be responsible for formation of thrombosis, back pain, and anomalous circulation of blood to the heart. In this review, we will discuss the most common variations and abnormalities of the IVC, which include the posterior cardinal veins, the subcardinal veins, the supracardinal veins, persistent left IVC, IVC duplication, situs inversus, left retroaortic renal vein, left circumaortic renal collar, scimitar syndrome, and IVC agenesis. For each abnormality outlined above, we aim to discuss relevant embryology and potential clinical significance with regards to presentation, diagnosis, and treatment as is important for radiologists, surgeons, and clinicians in current clinical practice. Clin. Anat. 27:1234–1243, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cell Surface Display Yields Evolvable, Clickable Antibody Fragments
Authors: Van Deventer James A. , Yuet Kai P. , Yoo Tae Hyeon , Tirrell David A.
Published: July 2014

Non‐canonical amino acids (ncAAs) provide powerful tools for engineering the chemical and physical properties of proteins. However, introducing ncAAs into proteins can affect protein properties in unpredictable ways, thus necessitating screening efforts to identify mutants with desirable properties. In this work, we describe an Escherichia coli cell surface display platform for the directed evolution of clickable antibody fragments. This platform enabled isolation of antibody fragments with improved digoxigenin binding and modest affinity maturation in several different ncAA contexts. Azide‐functionalized fragments exhibited improved binding kinetics relative to their methionine counterparts, facile chemical modification through azide–alkyne cycloaddition, and retention of binding properties after modification. The results described here suggest new possibilities for protein engineering, including modulation of molecular recognition events by ncAAs and direct screening of libraries of chemically modified proteins.
Site‐Specific Dual Labeling of Proteins by Using Small Orthogonal Tags at Neutral pH
Authors: Grünewald Jan , Jones David H. , Brock Ansgar , Chiu Hsien‐Po , Bursulaya Badry , Ng Kenneth , Vo Todd , Patterson Paula , Uno Tetsuo , Hunt James , Spraggon Glen , Geierstanger Bernhard H.
Published: July 2014

To expand the utility of proteinaceous FRET biosensors, we have developed a dual‐labeling approach based on two small bio‐orthogonal tags: pyrroline‐carboxy‐lysine (Pcl) and the S6 peptide. The lack of cross‐reactivity between those tags enables site‐specific two‐color protein conjugation in a one‐pot reaction. Moreover, Pcl/S6 dual‐tagged proteins can be produced in both bacterial and mammalian expression systems, as demonstrated for Z domain and IgE‐Fc, respectively. Both proteins could be efficiently dual‐labeled with FRET‐compatible fluorescent dyes at neutral pH. In the case of IgE‐Fc, the resulting conjugate enabled the monitoring of IgE binding to its high‐affinity receptor FcεRI, which is a key event in allergic disease.
Lithium chloride promotes the odontoblast differentiation of hair follicle neural crest cells by activating Wnt/β‐catenin signaling
Authors: Shan Tengfei , Zhou Cheng , Yang Rong , Yan Fei , Zhang Ping , Fu Yu , Jiang Hongbing
Published: July 2014

The Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway contributes to the maintenance of pluripotency and partial reprogramming of stem cells. Postnatal neural crest cells (NCCs) can differentiate into odontoblast‐like cells due to their multi‐potential property, but further endeavors need to be made to promote odontogenic differentiation of hair follicle neural crest cells (hfNCCs). This study investigated whether the Wnt pathway activator lithium chloride (LiCl) promotes odontoblast differentiation of hfNCCs. Change of proliferation, β‐catenin and pluripotency markers of hfNCCs were examined after treatment with LiCl. An in vitro odontoblast differentiation model of hfNCCs was built using dental cell conditioned media (DC‐CM). The effects of LiCl on odontoblast differentiation of hfNCCs showed that proliferation and expression of β‐catenin in the cytosolic and nuclear compartments were increased in the LiCl‐treated hfNCCs, and the pluripotency marks, Oct4, Klf4, Sox2 and Nanog, were more highly expressed in the LiCl‐treated group than in the control group. The odontoblast markers such as DSP, DMP1 and Runx2, could be detected in hfNCCs induced by DC‐CM, but in LiCl ‐treated group all three markers had stronger expression. Expression of β‐catenin in the nuclear of LiCl‐treated hfNCCs induced by DC‐CM was higher than in the other groups. The data indicate that the Wnt pathway activator LiCl can promote proliferation and odontoblast differentiation of hfNCCs, and chemical approaches are of benefit in obtaining more desirable seed cell types for cell‐based therapies.