bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metal-free polymer photocatalysts for efficient gas-phase reduction of atmospheric CO2 and simultaneous H2O2 production
Authors: Wu Wei , Chen Mantao , Feng Chunyuan , Li Waner , Zhang Tingting , Zeng Chao , Wang Bo , Zhong Lixiang , Dai Chunhui
Published: February 2025

This work reports the synthesis of three benzobisthiazole-bridged conjugated microporous polymers for efficient photoreduction of atmospheric CO2 and simultaneous H2O2 production in the gas-phase system.
Interaction of vapor-phase and liquid organophosphonates with inorganic surfaces
Authors: Das Swapnil , Schoenitz Mirko , Dreizin Edward L.
Published: February 2025

Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) pose a threat to humanity, which motivates research focused on their destruction.
Voltammetric investigations of 5-methylcytosine and cytosine using disposable electrode
Authors: Bilge Selva , Topal Burcu Dogan
Published: February 2025

DNA methylation plays a critical role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression, and 5-methylcytosine (5mC) is one of the most important biomarkers of this process.
Mixed-mode interpenetrating polymer networks from polymerizable eutectics
Authors: Mutch Alexandra L. , Thickett Stuart C.
Published: February 2025

Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) and semi-IPNs are prepared directly in a one-pot approach using a binary polymerizable eutectic, consisting of two monomers that can be polymerized orthogonally with no additional solvents.
Tropospheric methane remediation by enhancing chlorine sinks
Authors: Yuan Qingchun , Xiao Bo , de Richter Renaud , Li Wei , Quesada-Cabrera Raul , Ming Tingzhen
Published: February 2025

A process combining brine-electrolysis and photolysis is proposed for CH4 and CO2 removal from the troposphere. Further developments to meet applicable technology constraints in overall negative emission and economic viability are discussed.
Machine learning-driven gait-assisted self-powered wearable sensing: a triboelectric nanogenerator-based advanced healthcare monitoring
Authors: Parashar Parag , Sharma Manish Kumar , Nahak Bishal Kumar , Khan Arshad , Hsu Wei-Zan , Tseng Yao-Hsuan , Chowdhury Jaba Roy , Huang Yu-Hui , Liao Jen-Chung , Kao Fu-Cheng , Lin Zong-Hong
Published: February 2025

A self-powered TENG-based machine learning-driven insole wearable sensing system for gait-assisted healthcare is designed to classify flat foot conditions, identify users, and monitor rehabilitation and athletic exercises accurately.
First-principles design of a superior electrocatalyst to Pt for hydrogen production in alkaline media
Authors: Lee Haeshik , Park Jinwoo , Myoung Jae-Min , Han Byungchan
Published: February 2025

Elucidation of the key mechanism of the inactive Pt catalyst for hydrogen production in alkaline media and description of two control factors for the catalytic activity of a pseudo-binary Pt–M catalyst.
Catalysing holistic wastewater treatment, electricity generation, and emerging contaminant removal in a pre-pilot Fenton-microbial fuel cell
Authors: Dhanda Anil , Thulluru Lakshmi Pathi , Raj Rishabh , Bhar Rajarshi , Chowdhury Shamik , Kuila Saikat Kumar , Dubey Brajesh K. , Ghangrekar Makarand M.
Published: February 2025

Novel 2.5 L Fenton-microbial fuel cell with rGO–Co3O4 cathode achieved 258.33 mA m−2, 218 mg L−1 H2O2, and high degradation of Congo red (89.41%), tetracycline (74%), and SDS (72%). Effluent had low COD, no pathogens, and LCA showed scalability.
Progress in organic material based solid-state X-ray scintillators
Authors: Zhao Mengmeng , Wan Peng , Shi Junqing , Ji Lei
Published: February 2025

This review discusses the molecular structures and scintillation properties of organic material based solid-state X-ray scintillators, assesses the development and practical application space, and raises related challenges and issues.
High phase transition temperature and photoluminescence properties in low-dimensional molecular perovskite ferroelastic crystals
Authors: Zhang Jia-Mei , Xu Zhe-Kun , Qin Yan , Li Peng-Fei , Wang Zhong-Xia
Published: February 2025

We reported 1D perovskite molecular ferroelastic crystals with high phase transition temperature and photoluminescence properties by a metal ion substitution strategy.
A novel sandwich Ni-added polyoxometalate with nonlinear optical properties and photothermal conversion performance
Authors: Wang Zhen-Wen , Wang Yue-Lin , Yang Guo-Yu
Published: February 2025

An acentric Ni-added polyoxometalate (NiAP), (NH4)Cs7.5Na0.5H2[Ni(H2O)3Ni3(H2O)(PW8O31)–(PW9O34)]Cl·9H2O, was made using lacunary directing synthesis, showing good photothermal conversion efficiency (20.5%).
Revealing heterogeneous electric double layer (EDL) structures of localized high-concentration electrolytes (LHCEs) and their impact on solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation in lithium batteries
Authors: Wu Qisheng , Qi Yue
Published: February 2025

Heterogeneous micelle-like structures in the electric double layer of localized high-concentration electrolytes are revealed.
Recent advances in metal single-atom catalysts for ammonia electrosynthesis
Authors: Lu Zhaole , Zhang Jijie , Wang Yuting , Yu Yifu , Kong Lingjun
Published: February 2025

This review provides insight into the development of advanced metal single-atom catalysts for ammonia electrosynthesis.
Insights into the structural diversity of cembranoids from Sarcophyton glaucum and their bioactivity
Authors: Lai Kuei-Hung , Chung Hsiao-Ling , Chen You-Ying , Zheng Li-Guo , Su Jui-Hsin , El-Shazly Mohamed
Published: February 2025

This study reports eight cembranoids, including three new compounds, from Sarcophyton glaucum, with compound 8 showing the most potent enhancement of ALP activity (139.41 ± 8.06%) without cytotoxicity.
Regulating cation–solvent interactions in PVDF-based solid-state electrolytes for advanced Li metal batteries
Authors: Zhang Zhian , Ye Meng , Chen Jianhua , Fu Xiaopeng , Zhou Xunzhu , Zheng Limin , He Liqing , Wu Zhenguo , Kumar Amit , Li Lin , Wan Fang , Guo Xiaodong
Published: February 2025

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-based solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) have been considered promising candidates for advanced Li metal batteries due to their adequate mechanical strength and acceptable thermal stability.
Health-Related Social Needs Screening Tool: Emerging Roles for Speech-Language Pathologists With a Clinical Focus on Children With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Dart Libby
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

The purpose of this clinical focus article is to describe the use of the Accountable Health Communities health-related social needs screening tool for speech-language pathologists (SLPs) while highlighting two case studies of children with traumatic brain injury.

Method:

This article provides an overview of social determinants of health (SDOH) and health-related social needs with a primary focus on children with traumatic brain injury. It aims to inform and prepare clinicians to use a health-related social needs screening tool, as they can be directly addressed and mitigated with adequate community resources.

Results:

SLPs are in the unique position to consider and understand their clients' SDOH, providing support or referral as needed if there are areas of social need or social risk factors.

Conclusions:

SLPs could screen for health-related social needs by using the Accountable Health Communities health-related social needs screening tool subsequently advocating for patient-centered, holistic care. SLPs could individualize best care practice for their patients by engaging in interprofessional practice, making appropriate assessment and treatment modifications, and referring to related professionals.
Implementing a Transition-to-Literacy Decoding Feature via Telepractice to Support Single-Word Reading by a Young Boy With Down Syndrome: A Case Study
Authors: Brittlebank Savanna , Light Janice
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

Literacy skills are essential for full inclusion in society, particularly for individuals with Down syndrome who have limited intelligible speech, as literacy provides an additional modality for accessing receptive and expressive language. Telepractice provides convenient access to services in the natural context that might otherwise be inaccessible for many individuals. The current case study explored the effect of a telepractice intervention with home practice that consisted of an augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) transition-to-literacy (T2L) decoding feature, designed to support single-word reading.

Method:

This clinical focus article presents a case study of a young boy, Henry (pseudonym), with a diagnosis of Down syndrome, limited functional speech, and limited literacy skills. Henry was provided with a 12-week intervention that consisted of the introduction of an AAC technology decoding feature that modeled single-word decoding. He participated remotely at home, with support from his mother. Data were collected on Henry's accuracy of (a) single-word reading and (b) generalization to single-word spelling.

Results:

Henry demonstrated increased single-word reading skills, particularly for words presented with the T2L decoding feature, but minimal generalization to spelling was observed.

Conclusions:

The findings indicated that an AAC technology T2L decoding feature that offered models of single-word decoding may be beneficial for supporting early literacy skills in young children with Down syndrome. Furthermore, telepractice with additional home engagement with the intervention appears to be a viable option for the delivery of literacy intervention. Implications for clinical practice and directions for future research are discussed.
A Modified Balanced Radio‐Frequency Power Amplifier for Adjustable VSWR Protection
Authors: Carbonnière Alexis , Medrel Pierre , Nébus Jean‐Michel , Bacqué Ludovic , Schutz Maxime
Published: February 2025

This article reports on a novel configuration of a balanced power amplifier (BPA) architecture that enables adaptive voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) protection. The BPA topology is modified at its input using a wideband power divider and two step‐attenuators to control the power level distribution of RF signals driving the inputs of the 0°–90° hybrid coupler. In doing so, a certain degree of imbalance is advantageously practised to ensure a prescribed VSWR at the transistor's drain ports. The strategy followed to control the step‐attenuator values as a function of the targeted VSWR is detailed. A conventional closed‐loop VSWR detection and correction has been implemented in a demonstrator including commercial off‐the‐shelf (COTS) components at S‐band to validate the proposed concept.
Optimizing Traffic Routes With Enhanced Double Q‐Learning
Authors: Patil Mayur , Tambolkar Pooja , Midlam‐Mohler Shawn
Published: February 2025

Traffic management has become a major issue in urban planning due to the increasing number of vehicles on urban roads. In this study, we introduce a novel approach using the Reinforcement Learning (RL) technique to address the vehicle routing problem (VRP). We explored the effectiveness of Double Q‐Learning enhanced by Prioritized Experience Replay (DQL‐PER) in optimizing vehicle routing to shorten travel times and reduce congestion. Using the Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO), this method manipulates traffic flow during peak hours to improve urban mobility. DQL‐PER stands out due to its superior performance in managing complex traffic systems characterized by multiple interconnected variables and dynamic conditions inherent in urban traffic networks. Compared to standard Q‐learning, DQL‐PER reduces overestimation bias and facilitates faster convergence toward optimal solutions. This paper includes a comparison between DQL‐PER and other RL methods, namely Q‐learning, Double Q‐learning (DQL), and deep Q‐network (DQN), demonstrating its benefits through simulations and analysis. We also perform a scalability analysis to evaluate the algorithm's performance across network sizes, with node counts , showing that DQL‐PER performs exhaustively over larger networks, demonstrating its scalability potential. DQL‐PER offers a scalable solution with the potential to transform urban transportation systems.
A hierarchical carbon trading and optimisation scheduling strategy for integrated energy system with electric vehicles
Authors: Wu Yang Andrew , Lau Yui‐yip , Xu Junjun , Wu Juai
Published: February 2025

The integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into integrated energy systems (IES) presents new challenges for achieving low‐carbon, economically efficient operations due to fluctuating demand and increased carbon emissions. This paper proposes an optimised scheduling model incorporating a stepped carbon trading mechanism and demand response strategies to address these challenges. First, a multi‐stage carbon pricing model is developed to encourage EVs to charge during low‐carbon periods, effectively reducing system‐wide emissions. Then, a multi‐period pricing response mechanism is introduced to guide EV charging behaviours, aligning energy consumption with low‐demand intervals. Finally, simulations are conducted to analyse the impact of varying EV loads on system performance, demonstrating the model's benefits in cost savings, emissions reduction, and load balancing. Case studies validate that the proposed model significantly enhances the low‐carbon economic efficiency of IES, particularly as EV penetration increases, by leveraging flexible load distribution and responsive pricing strategies.
Projection-angle effects when “observing” a turbulent magnetized collapsing molecular cloud
Authors: Tritsis A. , Basu S. , Federrath C.
Published: February 2025

Context. Most of our knowledge regarding molecular clouds and the early stages of star formation stems from molecular spectral-line observations. However, the various chemical and radiative-transfer effects, in combination with projection effects, can lead to a distorted view of molecular clouds and complicate the interpretation of observations.

Aims. Our objective is to simultaneously study all of these effects by creating synthetic spectral-line observations based on chemo- dynamical simulations of a collapsing molecular cloud.

Methods. We performed a three-dimensional ideal magnetohydrodynamic simulation of a supercritical turbulent collapsing molecular cloud where the dynamical evolution was coupled to a nonequilibrium gas-grain chemical network consisting of 115 species, the evolution of which was governed by >1600 chemical reactions. We post-processed this simulation with a multilevel nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium radiative-transfer code to produce synthetic position-position-velocity data cubes of the CO, HCO+, HCN, and N2H+ (J = 1 → 0) transitions under various projection angles with respect to the mean component of the magnetic field. Synthetic polarization maps are presented in a companion paper.

Results. We find that the chemical abundances of various species in our simulated cloud tend to be over-predicted in comparison to observationally derived abundances and attribute this discrepancy to the fact that the cloud collapses rapidly and therefore the various species do not have enough time to deplete onto dust grains. This suggests that our initial conditions may not correspond to the initial conditions of real molecular clouds and cores. We show that the projection angle has a notable effect on the moment maps of the species for which we produced synthetic observations. Specifically, the integrated emission and velocity dispersion of CO, HCO+ and HCN are higher when the cloud is observed “face on” compared to “edge on,” whereas column density maps exhibit an opposite trend. Finally, we show that only N2H+ is an accurate tracer of the column density of the cloud across all projection angles studied.
Evidence of a diffuse, extended continuum source in quasars from the relative sizes of the broad line region and the UV-optical continuum source measured with microlensing
Authors: Hutsemékers Damien , Sluse Dominique
Published: February 2025

Microlensing by stars in the lens galaxy of a gravitationally lensed quasar is a phenomenon that can selectively magnify quasar subregions, producing observable changes in the continuum brightness or distortions in the emission line profiles. Hence, microlensing allows us to probe the inner quasar regions. In this paper, we report measurements of the ratio of the broad emission line region (BLR) radius to the continuum source radius in eight lensed quasars, for the C IV, Mg II, and Hα emission lines and their respective underlying continua at λλ 1550 Å, 2800 Å, and 6563 Å. The microlensing-induced line profile distortions and continuum magnifications were observed in the same single-epoch datasets, and simultaneously compared with microlensing simulations. We found that, on average, the inner radius of the BLR starts at the end of the UV-optical continuum source, independently of the line ionization and the wavelength of the continuum. The half-light radius of the BLR is, on average, a factor of six larger than the half-light radius of the continuum source, independently of the quasar’s bolometric luminosity. We also found a correlation between the BLR radius and the continuum source radius, supporting the idea that the dominant contribution to the UV-optical continuum may come from the BLR itself. Our results independently confirm the results of reverberation mapping studies, and extend them to higher-redshift, higher-luminosity quasars.
Application of thin layer chromatography method for detection of organophosphorus compounds in cow's milk
Authors: Terekhov Andrey , Smirnov Alexander , Tokarev Anton , Sokolov Ivan , Yunggren Veronika
Published: February 2025

The paper describes the importance of monitoring the content of residual organophosphorus compounds in cow's milk. The skin of cattle was treated with 0.06% diazinon and 1% chlorophos solutions. Veterinary and sanitary examination of milk was carried out to determine the organoleptic (color, smell, consistency) and physicochemical parameters of milk (fat content, acidity, density, dry nonfat milk residue) obtained after treating animals with organophosphorus compound solutions. A method for preparing samples for isolating diazinon and chlorophos from raw milk was developed. The mobility coefficients for these compounds were determined using a UFK 254/365 – HDi ultraviolet cabinet.
Development of bakery products using non-traditional raw materials
Authors: Dronik Olesya , Zenina Elena , Mel’nikov Artem , Mel’nikova Elena , Sutorma Oksana
Published: February 2025

The paper presents the results of studies to identify the possibility of using sorghum flour, psyllium and mustard powder in bread recipes. It was found that the studied samples had similar characteristics in terms of appearance (dark brown color, rough surface), crumb condition (developed porosity, without voids, compacted, large, thin-walled, medium-uniform, baked, not sticky). In the experimental samples, the plasticity of the dough increased, but its elasticity and resilience decreased. Sample No. 2 had a denser and more moist crumb. The greatest difference between the samples was recorded in taste and smell: experimental sample 2 with the addition of 10% psyllium differed from the control sample without the addition of psyllium and experimental sample 1 with the addition of 5% psyllium in its bitterness with a specific psyllium aftertaste. The control and experimental samples had a low volume, relative to traditional wheat bread, which is explained by the absence of gluten in the products. The studied samples had minor differences in the weight of the dough piece and the weight of the bread, however, the experimental sample was characterized by the lowest baking value - 9.62%, which is 0.18 and 1.92 absolute percent less than that of the control sample and experimental sample 2.
Digestive enzyme activities of African catfish and Nile tilapia reared in RAS
Authors: Skvortsova Elena , Golovanova Irina , Postrash Irina , Filippov Andrey , Kulivatskaya Ekaterina
Published: February 2025

The article considers morphological parameters and the activity level of digestive enzymes of African catfish and Nile tilapia grown at Volgorechensk Fish Farm in Volgorechensk, Kostroma Region. It was found that the fish had the characteristic fatness for their species (the fatness coefficient according to Fulton was 3.25±0.08 for tilapia and 0.93±0.06 for African catfish). It was found that the "intestine weight" parameter has the greatest variability in tilapia, and the "intestine length" parameter in catfish. The activity of sucrase and maltase in the intestinal mucosa is higher in African catfish, sucrase is 5 times higher, and maltase is almost twice as high, but the differences are not that great (1.7 times). The total proteolytic activity of the intestinal mucosa and chyme is higher in tilapia (2–3 times), but this can be explained by the fact that the protein components of the African catfish feed are mainly broken down in the stomach, where the activity of proteinases is quite high (6.3 μmol/g•min).
Ordenamento e gestão da pesca lúdico-desportiva na bacia hidrográfica do rio Mouro
Authors: Martinho António , Andrade Paulo , Táboas João , Gomes André , Varandas Simone
Published: February 2025

O Instituto da Conservação da Natureza e das Florestas desenvolveu em 2021 estudos de ordenamento e gestão da pesca lúdico-desportiva na bacia de drenagem do rio Mouro (afluente do rio Minho), tendo, em 2022, estas massas de água sido submetidas a regulamentação especial (Zona de Pesca Lúdica). A metodologia adotada foi a implementada no rio Olo em 2008. Para o efeito foram estabelecidas treze estações de amostragem onde se procedeu à monitorização da ictiofauna (para o estudo da idade, crescimento e condição física dos exemplares capturados) e à caracterização hidromorfológica dos habitats através da metodologia River Habitat Survey. Os resultados evidenciaram uma bacia de drenagem constituída por uma elevada diversidade de habitats que, embora modificados, ainda exibem um elevado grau de naturalidade. A truta ( Salmo trutta) e a enguia ( Anguilla anguilla) foram as espécies mais amplamente distribuídas. Foi também detectada a presença de juvenis de salmão-do-Atlântico ( Salmo salar) numa boa parte do rio Mouro e a presença muito localizada do góbio ( Gobio losanoi, espécie alóctone), nos locais mais próximos da sua confluência com o rio Minho. As comunidades de truta, com idades máximas de 5 anos, expõem um crescimento alométrico e uma equilibrada robustez física. Tudo indica que os juvenis de salmão, com crescimento marcadamente alométrico, permaneçam nestes ecossistemas de água doce, pelo menos, até aos dois anos de idade, período essencial para que o seu desenvolvimento possibilite assegurar a sua viagem até ao Atlântico.
Patient-specific Guides Improve the Accuracy and Safety of Transcondylar Screw Placement—a Cadaveric Study in the Canine Humerus
Authors: Kershaw Joshua T. , Oxley Bill , Allen Matthew J.
Published: February 2025

Objectives The goal of this study was to compare the accuracy and safety of a transcondylar screw (TCS) placed using a 3D-printed patient-specific guide (PSG) or a generic aiming device (AD). We hypothesized that PSG is more accurate (i.e., positioning and orientation closer to the optimal trajectory) and safer (reduced incidence of joint violation) than the AD.

Methods A total of seven pairs of forelimbs were allocated to PSG and AD groups. After CT scanning, the optimal TCS orientation was planned in silico by a surgical specialist, and guides were printed. Using the PSG or AD, a 2.5-mm drill hole was drilled from medial to lateral across the humeral condyle. The positioning of the “planned” and “achieved” drill holes was defined on postoperative CT. The accuracy of TCS positioning and the risk of joint penetration were then calculated for the two groups.

Results Positioning of the entry and exit holes was significantly more accurate in the PSG group. Differences in screw angulation were not significantly different between groups. Despite the presence of an outlier (caused by incomplete seating of the PSG against the bone), 7 out of 7 screws positioned with PSG were “safe,” while 3 out of 7 from the AD group would have violated the joint.

Conclusion Our data confirm the technical superiority of PSG over the AD for placement of a TCS in the humeral condyle.
When to Consider a Diagnosis of Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young: Precise Diagnosis Leads to Better Management and Quality of Life for the Patients
Authors: Gao Yujia , Shekhda Kalyan Mansukhbhai , Ali Sarah N.
Published: February 2025

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is often misclassified and can significantly impact the management of these patients and their families. We present three cases initially diagnosed as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and fasting hyperglycemia, which were later identified as MODY. A 38-year-old Caucasian lady, previously diagnosed with T2DM, was referred to the diabetes antenatal clinic. She was treated with gliclazide and metformin before pregnancy. She required insulin glargine during her pregnancy. Her diabetes autoantibodies were negative. MODY was suspected and genetic testing confirmed HNF1A MODY gene mutation. A 57-year-old Caucasian lady was diagnosed with T1DM at the age of 18 years. Since diagnosis, she was treated with insulin glargine without any short-acting insulin, yet persistently suffered from hypoglycemia. MODY was suspected and genetic testing confirmed HNF4A gene mutation. A 33-year-old South Asian lady was referred to a diabetes clinic for suspected T2DM due to strong family history of T2DM, ethnicity, and persistently elevated fasting blood glucose levels. Her genetic testing confirmed GCK-MODY (Glucokinae-maturity-onset diabetes of the young). MODY represents a group of genetic diabetes that can often go unrecognized due to misdiagnosis. Achieving an accurate diagnosis is important as it guides appropriate treatment strategies, improves patient outcomes, and has an impact on other family members due to the hereditary nature of the condition. Employing a systematic approach is crucial. Our cases highlight that it is never too late to challenge the diabetes classification.
The environmental and economic impacts of India’s emergence as the global manufacturing hub
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxu , Li Yuze , Zhu Kunfu , Lin Kang , Wang Shouyang
Published: February 2025

With the rise of labor costs in China, constraints on resources and environment, and ongoing geopolitical conflicts, the global manufacturing hub is facing relocation. India has emerged as the most likely candidate to undertake industrial relocation. This shift could reshape the global carbon emission landscape. However, ex ante measurement of the environmental effects of such industrial relocation is poorly understood. As an illustrative case, we first measure the impact on carbon emissions from shifting iPhone production to India and find that such a move would double the carbon footprint of production. We then extend our analysis to the general industrial chain and examine the implications of such shifts on a broader scale. We find that India’s process of becoming the global manufacturing hub will lead to increased carbon emissions and reduced global economic growth. The carbon burden surpasses the emission reductions achieved by the EU since the Copenhagen Climate Conference. At the sector level, the computer, basic metals, electronic equipment, and automotive sectors are the largest sources of incremental carbon emissions. To offset the extra emissions, it is essential to ensure that the industrial structure of these sectors temporarily remains unchanged while promoting technological progress in developing countries are essential to offset the extra emissions.
Exploring factors influencing manufacturing home-shoring strategies: insights from three diverse geographical regions
Authors: Pegoraro Diletta , Chidlow Agnieszka , De Propris Lisa
Published: February 2025

Due to the ongoing political instability and economic disruptions in the environments where firms operate, the shift towards regional value chains is redefining global supply chains. Driven by economic policies in regions such as the EU and North America that aim to enhance autonomy and resilience, factors influencing supply chain location decisions have become increasingly important for both business leaders and policymakers. In this context, our paper integrates international business, economic geography, and the global value chain framework to investigate the efficiency-seeking, knowledge-seeking, and supplier-seeking factors that influence home-shoring strategies within manufacturing activities. Our work specifically focuses on identifying which of these factors underpin three key manufacturing home-shoring strategies. Utilising unique primary sub-national-level data and a multinomial logit model, our work examines these strategies across three regions: Veneto (Italy), England (UK), and California (US). Our findings highlight the importance of efficiency-seeking factors as central pull drivers of manufacturing home-shoring strategies. For policymakers, this study underscores the need for a nuanced and regionally tailored approach, as local supplier dynamics and the availability of supportive public policies impact the success of full manufacturing home-shoring strategies across different locations.
The time dependence of electrical current of Ar ion-etched ZnO
Authors: Liu C. M.
Published: February 2025

The time dependence of electrical current of Ar ion-etched ZnO is studied. It is found that Ar ion etching is beneficial for introducing vacancy defects such as the oxygen vacancy and zinc vacancy. At a high enough electrical bias voltage, there is an abrupt increase in electrical current with increasing bias voltage time, indicating the growth and formation of a conducting filament. The light illumination has proved to be helpful for filament formation and growth. A quantified relation between the electrical current and time is obtained. The filament growth mechanism can be ascribed to nucleation and growth of a new phase, which is determined by the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami equation.
Giant strain tunability in polycrystalline ceramic films via helium implantation
Authors: Blázquez Martínez A. , Glinšek S. , Granzow T. , Audinot J.-N. , Fertey P. , Kreisel J. , Guennou M. , Toulouse C.
Published: February 2025

Strain engineering is a powerful tool routinely used to control and enhance properties such as ferroelectricity, magnetic ordering, or metal–insulator transitions. Epitaxial strain in thin films allows manipulation of in-plane lattice parameters, achieving strain values generally up to 4%, and even above in some specific cases. In polycrystalline films, which are more suitable for functional applications due to their lower fabrication costs, strains above 1% often cause cracking. This poses challenges for functional property tuning by strain engineering. Helium implantation has been shown to induce negative pressure through interstitial implantation, which increases the unit cell volume and allows for continuous strain tuning with the implanted dose in epitaxial monocrystalline films. However, there has been no study on the transferability of helium implantation as a strain-engineering technique to polycrystalline films. Here, we demonstrate the technique’s applicability for strain engineering beyond epitaxial monocrystalline samples. Helium implantation can trigger an unprecedented lattice parameter expansion up to 3.2% in polycrystalline BiFeO3 films without causing structural cracks. The film maintains stable ferroelectric properties with doses up to 1015 He cm−2. This finding underscores the potential of helium implantation in strain engineering polycrystalline materials, enabling cost-effective and versatile applications.
Flow and acoustic characteristics of isotropic turbulence interacting with a symmetric airfoil
Authors: Trascinelli Leone , Bowen Luke , Zhou Beckett Y. , Zang B.
Published: February 2025

The present study performs numerical simulations of grid-generated isotropic turbulence impinging on a symmetric airfoil at different angles of attack by utilizing the lattice Boltzmann solver PowerFLOW. The grid was chosen to match that from the experiment to provide evidence that by placing a physical grid upstream of the airfoil, the present numerical approach can reproduce the turbulence impingement process observed from the experiment and thus accurately capture the turbulence-interaction behavior and the associated noise. Both the near-field turbulence statistics and far-field noise are bench-marked against an existing experimental study. The comparison of the results shows that the turbulence intensity and integral length scales are highly consistent with the experiment. Moreover, the near-field hydrodynamics in the vicinity of the stagnation point and the unsteady wall pressure fluctuations of the airfoil also show good agreement with experimental data. The present study confirms that the grid-generated approach is suitable for the numerical investigation of turbulence interaction with airfoils and provides further insights into the deformation of turbulent structures due to the presence of an airfoil from low to moderate angles of attack. The extensive results can be potentially explored for developing noise mitigation strategies.
Improved internal short circuit models for thermal runaway
simulations in lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Singh Bakhshish Preet , Gurumukhi Yashraj , Tekinalp Engin , Wu Hao , Sung Myung Ki , Miljkovic Nenad
Published: February 2025

Thermal runaway (TR) modeling is one of the primary tools that can be used to overcome challenges associated with lithium-ion battery (LIB) safety. Among all LIB accidents that have occurred over the past decade, Internal Short Circuit (ISC) remains the most common trigger mechanism. Many available models in the literature either use a simplified approach to simulate ISC or completely ignore its contribution. The aim of this study is to understand the nature of the heat released for different types of ISC scenarios, including aluminum-anode, anode–cathode, and copper-cathode ISC. We study ISC behavior using a coupled electrochemical–thermal model with an integrated TR chemical kinetics solver built in the COMSOL Multiphysics framework. The time duration of heat release and the magnitude of the peak ISC current are studied as functions of parameters such as the size of the penetrating filament and the capacity of the cell. The numerical results are used to build an empirical model validated against the published experimental TR propagation data. Our model can be successfully used as a viable low-cost substitute in lower order (lumped) TR simulations to enable TR prevention and mitigation.
Exploring the potential of 2D PtTe2-based memristors for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Lian Xiaojuan , Zhang Xin , Li Shiyu , Ding Bingxin , Jiang Jiyuan , Zhang Yunbo , Guo Yufeng , Cai Zhikuang , Wang Lei
Published: February 2025

Neuromimetic devices have emerged as transformative technologies with the potential to redefine traditional computing paradigms and enable advanced artificial neural systems. Among various innovative materials, two-dimensional (2D) materials have garnered attention as frontrunners for next-generation device fabrication. In this work, we report the fabrication and comprehensive characterization of a memristor based on 2D PtTe2. The device demonstrates exceptional performance metrics, including a high OFF/ON ratio, low switching voltage, and long data retention time. Leveraging density functional theory calculations, we unravel the underlying conduction mechanism, revealing the pivotal role of Ag conductive filaments in resistive switching behavior. Furthermore, the neuromorphic capabilities of the PtTe2 memristor were evaluated through its emulation of key brain-inspired synaptic functionalities, such as long-term depression/enhancement, paired-pulse facilitation, and spike-timing-dependent plasticity. By modulating its electrical conductance, we implemented a convolutional neural network for MNIST handwritten digit recognition, achieving a remarkable accuracy of 97.49%. To further illustrate its adaptive learning capabilities, we demonstrated a Pavlov's dog experiment using the device. This study establishes 2D PtTe2 as a promising material for neuromorphic applications and represents a critical step forward in bridging the gap between advanced materials and next-generation computing architectures. These findings lay a robust foundation for future exploration of PtTe2 in the field of neuromorphic engineering.
Thermoelastohydrodynamic turbulent lubrication of supercritical
carbon dioxide tilting pad bearing considering surface
topography
Authors: Yi Shuxiang , Wang Xiaojing , Zhang Xiaohan , Huang Lingfeng , Wang Chao
Published: February 2025

As supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) Brayton cycle systems advance toward higher power densities and compact designs, the increased demands on S-CO2 lubricated bearings induce a potential mixed lubrication state. This study establishes a novel thermoelastohydrodynamic mixed lubrication model specifically tailored for S-CO2 tilting pad bearings, addressing the challenges posed by high-load and extreme operational conditions. The modified Reynolds equation and an energy equation for rough surfaces are presented, incorporating real gas effect and turbulence to accurately predict lubrication performance. The effects of surface roughness, texture orientation, and variable thermal properties on the mixed lubrication performance of S-CO2 tilting pad bearings have been systematically analyzed, including their impact on load capacity, frictional power, and temperature rise. Results show that under mixed lubrication with high surface roughness, the load capacity of S-CO2 tilting pad bearings is significantly enhanced compared to smooth surfaces, with the peak temperature on the loaded pad shifting from the pivot point toward the trailing edge as surface roughness increases. These findings provide new insights into the design and optimization of S-CO2 bearings, supporting advancements in high-performance power systems.
Thermal diffusivity of nanofluids: A simplified temperature oscillation approach
Authors: Filho Ramon S. Raposo , Brites Carlos D. S. , He Ruihua , Liu Xiaogang , Carlos Luís D.
Published: February 2025

Thermal diffusivity is critical in optimizing processes across diverse industrial and scientific applications, including heat exchangers, electronics cooling, and energy storage systems. However, existing measurement techniques often rely on complex setups, advanced electronics, or parameter fitting, limiting their practicality for routine use. This study introduces a simplified temperature oscillation method for precise thermal diffusivity measurements that utilizes a cost-effective and reliable setup comprising a thermofoil heater and four thermocouples, requiring a small sample volume (∼1 ml). This makes it particularly well-suited for nanofluids, which are increasingly applied in advanced thermal management, innovative lubricants, pollutant remediation, and high-performance cooling systems. Experimental validation with water demonstrated excellent agreement with previously reported thermal diffusivity values, underscoring the accuracy and reliability of the technique. When applied to a luminescent nanofluid composed of NaGdF4:Yb/Er(18/2%)@NaGdF4 upconverting nanoparticles dispersed in water, the thermal diffusivity was comparable to that of distilled water challenging earlier reports of anomalous enhancements in nanofluid thermal properties.
Quantum-chemistry-based mechanisms for the regulation of coal-nanofluid wetting in different coal ranks
Authors: Ni Guanhua , Shang Yuanmeng , Li Zhao , Fu Zhenglin , Gong Li , Li Moyu , Guo Yu , Jia Mingkui , Liu Dong
Published: February 2025

Among the leading technologies for mine dust source control is coal seam water infusion. To address the negative impacts resulting from the hydrophobic nature of coal, researchers have put forward a novel concept of enhanced wetting through nano-silica suspensions. This research analyzed the influence pattern of nano-silicon dioxide on coal's adsorption of water through molecular dynamics simulation. The macroscopic contact angle experiments were then employed to verify the simulation findings, which finally revealed the wetting mechanism and the action law of nano-silica on coals of different coal rank. The findings indicate that the intermolecular interactions within the simulated system are governed by the electrostatic potential on the surface of each molecule. The silicon nanoparticles possess a broad range of electrostatic potential distribution. This affects the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds and thereby regulates the wettability. The wettability decreases as the degree of coal degradation increases. In the concentration range of 0 to 2.0 wt. % for nano-silica, the contact angle decreases as the concentration increases. After treating lignite (HM), bituminous coal (YM), and anthracite (WYM), the contact angles show reductions of 81.59%, 73.02%, and 60.85%, respectively, compared to the control group. The research findings can offer theoretical direction for choosing the concentration of nano-silica fluid in the process of coal seam water infusion.
Koopman theory-inspired method for learning time advancement operators in unstable flame front evolution
Authors: Yu Rixin , Herbert Marco , Klein Markus , Hodzic Erdzan
Published: February 2025

Predicting the evolution of complex systems governed by partial differential equations remains challenging, especially for nonlinear, chaotic behaviors. This study introduces Koopman-inspired Fourier neural operators and convolutional neural networks to learn solution advancement operators for flame front instabilities. By transforming data into a high-dimensional latent space, these models achieve more accurate multi-step predictions compared to traditional methods. Benchmarking across one- and two-dimensional flame front scenarios demonstrates the proposed approaches' superior performance in short-term accuracy and long-term statistical reproduction, offering a promising framework for modeling complex dynamical systems.
A novel intelligent model for high-precision reconstruction of dam-break free surface profiles from sparse monitoring data
Authors: Deng Yangyu , Liu Yakun , Zhang Di , Cao Ze
Published: February 2025

Accurate reconstruction of the dam-break free surface profiles from sparse monitoring water levels is a challenging task in flood disaster warning. To address this issue, this article introduces a novel intelligent model that leverages fully connected autoencoder (FCAE) to acquire low-order latent space representations and random forest (RF) to establish the relationship between sparse monitoring water levels and latent space representations, which is named as FCAE–RF. The proposed model is tested on two benchmark cases, including the advection of a shock profile and the classical dam-break flow. The results indicate that FCAE–RF provides satisfactory prediction performances for both uniform and nonuniform distributions of the monitoring locations. Besides, the adopted FCAE displays better performance than the widely used proper orthogonal decomposition and convolutional autoencoder in the dimension reduction, while the employed RF presents larger superiority than the commonly used ridge regression and multi-layer perceptron in the establishment of the nonlinear relationship. These promising results indicate that FCAE–RF can be a robust model in the application of flood management and control.
The excitation and evolution characteristics thermoacoustic instability in syngas micromixed combustion
Authors: Tao Chengfei , Zhou Hao
Published: February 2025

This paper presents an experimental study of thermoacoustic oscillations of synthetic gas (syngas) micromixed combustion, in which the excitation and evolution characteristics of thermoacoustic oscillations were obtained as a function of flame equivalence ratio. The results show that the flame initiates thermoacoustic oscillations when the equivalence ratio drops below 0.80, with the oscillations undergoing mode transferring as the flame equivalence ratio decreases. When the equivalence ratio is 0.70, the second-order mode of thermoacoustic oscillation begins to dominate. At an equivalence ratio of 0.50, the second-order oscillation mode (640 Hz) begins to dominate the first-order oscillation mode (320 Hz). Flame flashback coexists with thermoacoustic oscillation starting at an equivalence ratio of 0.5, where the chemiluminescence distribution of the flame indicates that the flame heat release rate pulsation is maximal at the burner outlet, and other radicals vary with the equivalence ratio. Low equivalence ratio promotes the generation of amino group radicals, thereby interfering with the production of nitrogen oxides. The flame shape also depends on the flame equivalence ratio. The flame is initially conical and flattens as the equivalence ratio decreases. The innovation of this study lies in its first exploration of the thermoacoustic oscillations and flashback characteristics of syngas micromixed combustion, which contributes to the formulation of design criteria for micromixed burners. These results clarify the evolution of syngas micromixed combustion and facilitates the prediction and control of flashback or thermoacoustic oscillations.
Optimizing fluid–structure interaction dynamic characteristic of flexible webbed wings in wave glider under super-elastic deformation
Authors: Tian Baoqiang , Chen Zhiyuan , Qin Yuntian , Zhang Zhiqiang , Zhang Zhiao , Yuan Shifeng , Chen Zhier , Ma Ziling , Li Wenjuan , Qi Zhanfeng , Ünal Osman
Published: February 2025

Wave glider with webbed wings (WGWW) is an innovative unmanned surface vehicle, powered by wave energy and solar energy. Its energy supply conundrum has been thoroughly resolved by “exploiting local resources” and can achieve long-term and large-scale ocean data acquisition for its outstanding endurance. Flexible webbed wings (FWWs) are crucial constituents of WGWW, transforming wave energy into driving force through fluid–structure interaction (FSI) under their hyper-elastic deformation. It is of great significance to analyze the influence of FWW material parameters on their driving force to improve the wave energy conversion efficiency of WGWW. In this paper, the numerical simulation model of the fluid–structure interaction of FWWs is first established, based on the bidirectional FSI theory. Moreover, the overset method and dynamic mesh technology are introduced to solve the problems of large deformation and easy divergence in the thin plate structure of FWWs. The optimization analysis of the FSI dynamic performance of FWWs under different material parameters are accomplished, including the different materials, surface hardness, and shape size. Finally, a principle prototype of WGWW equipped with inertial navigation sensor is built and a wave tank experiment is carried out. The elastic deformation and driving force generation of FWWs are analyzed, and the feasibility of WGWW driven by FWW is verified. The relevant results provide scientific basis and reference for the material selection and optimal design of FWWs and have important significance for improving the dynamic performance of WGWW.