bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONDITIONS OF USING THE METHOD OF SUPERPOSITIONS FOR CONTROLLING THE SHAPE OF A BALANCED DISCRETE STRUCTURE
Authors: Mostovenko Oleksii , Kovalov Sergii , Mostovenko Oleksandr , Us Viktoriia
Published: February 2025

The superposition of functions is understood as the formation of a complex function as a result of algebraic operations on two or more simple functions [1]. If simple functions are given discretely, the notion of superposition of points arises. In the future, the superposition of points will be understood as the determination of the coordinates of the resulting point when compiling the corresponding coordinates of the specified points with certain weighting factors.
The superposition of balanced discrete structures requires the fulfillment of certain conditions and rules:
Condition 1. When discretely represented surfaces are functionally added, they must be topologically identical (isotopic) [2]. At the same time, the correspondence between the elements of the resulting structure and each of the added structures must be established. In the superposition of discrete balanced structures, there are not only the coordinates of the vertices of the structure, but also the force vectors that arise in the edges of the structure and the forces of the external load on the vertices.
Condition 2. In balanced systems, the ratio of the length of the edge to the length of the force vector in this edge, in the corresponding edges of the components of the superposition, must be the same. Only in this case, the tension or compression force of each rib as a result of functional addition will become the force in the given rib.
Condition 3. In order for the coordinates of a given node to remain unchanged after functional addition, the sum of weight coefficients of functional addition at each coordinate must be equal to one.
Condition 4. The number of added grids must be one more than the number of shape control parameters.
Condition 5. If a balanced structure is formed under the action of its own weight, then the shape control parameters can only be appliqués of individual nodes or vertices, since when other coordinates of these nodes (abscissa and ordinate) are changed, the external load will not be vertical.
SMALL RANDOM DISTURBANCE OF THE HEAT CONDUCTION EQUATION
Authors: Nagolkina Zoya , Filonov Yuri
Published: February 2025

This work considers the heat conduction equation with a small random disturbance. Such an equation, under certain assumptions, can be interpreted as a mathematical model of the real process of heat transfer in a randomly heterogeneous medium. Let u(t,x) be the temperature of some body at the moment of time t at the point with the generalized coordinate x. That is, ut(x)-distribution of temperatures and is a continuous function of x. We will consider this function as an element of Hilbert's infinitely dimensional space H. This is possible if, for example, we introduce the appropriate norm. Moreover, if we consider the Sobolev space with the corresponding norm, then we can also take into account the boundary conditions. But in this work, we will limit ourselves to the problem with initial conditions, that is, the Cauchy problem in the corresponding space. Thus, the heat conduction equation can be considered as an equation with an unbounded operator A(t) in the Hilbert space H with the domain of definition densely embedded in this Hilbert space DA⊂H, and DA does not depend on t. The theory of deterministic levels of this type is developed in works  There, the properties of evolutionary operator families depending on the location of the corresponding operator resolvent A(t) are considered. It is the estimate of in the Hilbert space norm that is key in proving the existence of a unique solution of a stochastic differential equation with an unbounded collapse operator in the Ito form. A small random perturbation of such an equation can be described in some cases as a stochastic Ito-type differential equation with unlimited decay and a small parameter in the diffusion term. A stochastic differential equation with a small perturbation in the diffusion term is considered using the standard methodology of series expansion in a small parameter. This was done in  for a stochastic equation with a bounded nonlinear drift coefficient in Rn space. When the standard conditions for the existence of a unique solution of the Ito equation are met in the work, the functions are obtained in an explicit form, which are appropriate approximations of the expansion of the solution of the equation in a series by powers of a small parameter. The estimate of the residual term of this series is given. At the same time, all estimates are obtained in the mean square in the corresponding norms of the Hilbert space.
USE OF PARAMETRIC MODELING TOOLS IN PROJECTING AND DESIGN OF AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS
Authors: Nazarko Olga , Ragulin Vitaliy , Yaryzhko Oleksandr , Yaryta Oleksandr
Published: February 2025

This article discusses the possibilities of using CAD Autodesk Inventor Professional in the development of parts of the wheel-hub unit. Variants of design solutions of the automobile wheel disc and changes in the design of the brake disc based on the execution of three-dimensional models created by means of parametric modeling are proposed.
The issue of the aesthetics of vehicles and the reliability of their elements are one of the key indicators of product competitiveness. Modern production methods make it possible to implement unique design solutions. Thus, foundry production makes it possible to create wheel rims with a wide variety of styles. The paper proposes several solutions for modifying the initial model of a wheel disc with a constant rim diameter and width.
These assembly details would not have completed the modeling process without the tire and brake disc. Tires are installed on rims and ensure the movement of the car on the road surface, and the brake disc provides attachment to the hub and the process of stopping the vehicle.
Parametric modeling is based on the idea of using simple primitives to represent the complex geometry of the product, which is determined by parameters and connections between them. Parameters include coordinates of points, values of angles, lengths and radii of circles and ellipses, number of elements. Connections between parameters are called constraints.
An important condition for the accuracy of the sketch is the consistency of the applied constraints. Analysis of the degrees of freedom ensures that the design engineer imposes only the necessary and sufficient number of constraints, not allowing the system of equations to be over-constrained, and not allowing any degree of freedom to be left unconstrained.
Overdetermining the system of equations causes a contradiction between the constraints and the system of equations becomes contradictory and has no solution. When the number of constraints is less than the number required to determine the values of all unknown parameters, the system is called under-constrained.
To determine the relationship between model parameters, they must be specified as parameters or equations.
CONTROL OF THE BENDING OF THE TORSO BY CHANGING THE DEPENDENCE OF THE ANGLE OF RISING OF ITS BACK RIB
Authors: Pylypaka Serhiy , Kresan Tetiana , Hropost Vyacheslav , Hryshchenko Iryna , Demchuk Iryna
Published: February 2025

A spatial curve can be specified by two natural equations: the dependence of the curvature and the dependence of the twist on the length of its arc. If such a curve is taken as the edge of the torso turn, then its bending can be controlled by changing the curvature of the curve, since the curvature does not change. However, in practice, such bending is difficult to implement, since there is no simple transition from the natural equations of the spatial curve to the parametric ones. Such a transition requires numerical methods for solving a system of differential equations. It is possible to approach the solution of this question in a different way, namely to replace the dependence of the twist on the length of the arc of the curve with the dependence of the angle of elevation also on the length of the arc of the curve. In this case, the formulas for the transition from natural equations to parametric ones are greatly simplified and in some cases do not require numerical integration.
The article uses just such an approach for constructing torsos. The parametric equations of the torso in its general form are presented, in which the turning edge is a spatial curve, given by the dependence of the curvature and the angle of elevation on the length of its arc. It is shown that by changing the regularity of the angle of elevation, the process of bending the torso can be controlled. At the same time, the expression of the first quadratic form was found, which does not include the dependence of the angle of elevation of the turning edge, but only the dependence of its curvature. This indicates that it is possible to transform the back edge in different ways, that is, to bend the torso, and at the same time the first square shape remains unchanged. A well-known example of the bending of a helicoid torso by a discrete change in the elevation angle of its reverse rib is given. Torso-helicoid bending by changing the elevation angle of the turning rib according to the linear law is also demonstrated. Numerical methods were used for this. The resulting torso is no longer a torso of the same inclination of the generators. An example of bending of the torso is also given, in which the curvature and the angle of elevation of the turning rib are variable dependences on the length of the arc. They are selected in such a way that they allow obtaining intermediate positions of the torso during its bending with the help of equations in the final form. Examples are given, visualization of the obtained results is carried out.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF NEW STANDARDS FOR DESIGN DOCUMENTATION IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS AND MANUFACTURING
Authors: Chernikov Oleksandr
Published: February 2025

The work continues previous research and developments on expanding the capabilities of computer modeling and adapting the tools of relevant software packages (primarily Autodesk) for the development of design documentation in accordance with the current standards requirements. The purpose of this work is to develop and implement new drawing templates that meet the modern requirements of DSTU standards, in particular, changed shapes and sizes of the drawing frame, added additional designations, and changed type and main attributes of the main inscription.
Another problem to be solved, and primarily as part of the educational process, is the transition to new designations for parts materials by creating a reference file with options for their designation. There is also the task of introducing new requirements for standard products: fasteners, elements of gear and spline connections, rollers, etc. New standards harmonized with the European ones have been introduced for all these parts in Ukraine.
Most likely, the support for the ESKD standards in new versions of the Autodesk software will be terminated, and new software tools for design development will need to be developed and implemented. And this work needs to start now.
The paper considers and proposes solution for the issues of editing and adapting drawing document templates, in particular, format frames and basic labels, as well as specification tables to display the composition of machine and mechanism components according to the new standards. To address the above issues, attention was focused on further studying the possibilities of managing document templates, the basic properties of graphic objects, and auxiliary files, in particular, the possibilities of creating and editing libraries of standard products.
DETERMINATION OF REDUCED HEAT TRANSFER RESISTANCE OF ARCHITECTURAL AND STRUCTURAL DETAILS OF ENCLOSURE STRUCTURES ON THE BASIS OF GEOMETRIC MODELING OF TEMPERATURE FIELDS
Authors: Ploskyi Vitalii , Bezus Valerii , Skochko Volodymyr , Shamilov Petro
Published: February 2025

The article considers one of the methods of determining the reduced resistance of heat transfer in architectural and structural nodes and zones of heat-conducting inclusions of enclosing structures for their further optimization according to the principle of the maximum possible reduction of heat loss.
The corresponding algorithm is studied, which involves a cyclical passage of several stages: analysis of the current state/design of the nodal solution by the method of finding the trajectories of the fastest heat loss (like modeling the lines of the fastest ascent or descent using a one-dimensional search) and determining the heat transfer resistances along the corresponding trajectories, based on which the calculation the value of the reduced heat transfer resistance. The process of searching for the trajectories of the fastest heat energy leaks is implemented by means of geometric modeling of special interpolation functions built on reference values ​​of the temperature fields in the studied nodes.
Based on the results of the analysis of the obtained trajectories of the fastest thermal energy leaks, it is proposed to rationalize nodal design solutions by making constructive changes along the path of simulated heat loss trajectories (thermal bridges or cold bridges) and checking the effectiveness of the measures taken by recalculating and comparing the calculated reduced heat transfer resistances with normative indicators. taking into account regulatory requirements regarding the specific energy consumption of buildings.
Temperature fields are reproduced by one of the methods of numerical modeling (finite element method, finite difference method or boundary element method), for which it is permissible to use specialized software, or using integral formulas to determine temperature indicators in the studied architectural and structural nodes. To construct special interpolation functions of the temperature field, it is suggested to use one of the most widely used approaches based on Lagrange or Newton interpolation polynomials. Interpolation based on radial basis functions is also acceptable for the functional description of a discrete series of points on the plane.
The detection and localization of thermal bridges in the architectural and structural nodes of the enclosing structure is one of the most important tasks of building physics in the field of increasing the energy efficiency of buildings and, as a result, reducing their carbon footprint.
GEOMETRIC MODELING OF ENERGY EFFICIENT AND RESOURCE SAVING ENCLOSURE STRUCTURES OF ARCHITECTURAL OBJECTS
Authors: Skochko Volodymyr , Kozhedub Serhii , Sotnikov Dmytro , Martynovsky Kyrylo
Published: February 2025

This work explores the possibilities of using discrete geometric modeling tools as a means of optimization design of building envelopes with the aim of further minimizing energy and resource costs at various stages of its life cycle. In particular, scientific methods and approaches are analyzed that allow to increase the energy efficiency of thermal envelopes of buildings by reducing heat loss due to reducing the surface area of the simulated envelope and minimizing the use of structural materials for its construction. The symbiotic combination of the mentioned design approaches not only allows to reduce the consumption of energy resources at the stage of operation of the building, but also indirectly allows to reduce the costs of energy carriers at the stage of direct production of building structures and products. That leads to a reduction in emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants into the atmospheric air, which makes the proposed approach attractive for modern ecological construction and one that fully complies with the principles of green construction and contributes to reducing the carbon footprint of architectural objects, providing at the same time gradual achievement of at least 9 sustainable development goals.
From the mathematical point of view, solving the problem of simultaneous minimization of costs of construction materials and maximum reduction of heat losses is carried out by constructing an objective function represented by the sum of the volume of relevant building materials and finding its extreme values with the imposition of special functional conditions. These conditions are discrete functional analogues of the differential properties (namely, the value of the average curvature of the surface) of minimal surfaces having the smallest possible area on a given reference contour. In the modeling process, discretely represented shells are considered as analogues of spatial rod momentless structures or mesh structures, the elements of which work only in compression or tension. It can be seen that the work of all elements of the corresponding structures takes place within the limits of elastic deformations without loss of stability.
GEOMETRIC MODELING OF PEDESTRIAN AND TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS WITH MINIMUM MOVING TIME BETWEEN NODES
Authors: Saienko Serhii , Skochko Volodymyr , Pasko Roman , Ploskyi Vitalii
Published: February 2025

This work is devoted to the consideration of the topical issue of the development of transport and pedestrian networks based on the use of discrete geometric modeling methods. In scientific literature, the main direction of research is the so-called "transport problem", which consists in finding the optimal route for the already existing road system, as well as the analysis of transport networks in the context of optimal planning of cities and settlements based on the minimization of the path length. However, approaches that would be based on the criterion of minimizing travel time between road network nodes are not covered. The article proposes an interpretative approach to representing the road network as a geometric model in the form of an unordered discrete graph. The main criterion for the optimization of design solutions is the condition of minimum total moving time of «objects», which, depending on the initial data, may reflect the movement of pedestrians or vehicles through the road network. Application of the proposed approach, for example, makes it possible to develop optimal trajectories (routes) for the movement of visitors to parks or public spaces based on the criterion of minimizing the time it takes them to reach shelters during air raids. Another example is the development of logistics routes for the supply or transportation of items of various purposes on the territory of technological parks, industrial complexes, as well as military logistics tasks. The design of road networks optimized under the condition of reducing the moving time between nodes will reduce the impact on the environment, increase mobility and comfort for the population, including an increase in the level of safety, as a result. The further direction of research is the consideration of additional factors and the implementation of the approach in the software environment.
GENERAL PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEM OF GEOMETRIC MODELING OF DISCRETE LEVEL CURVE BY STATIC-GEOMETRIC METHOD
Authors: Botvynovska Svitlana , Zolotova Alla
Published: February 2025

Abstract. This paper presents a general parametric analysis of the problem of geometric modeling of discrete frames of curves with equal links of lines by a static-geometric method taking into account the given initial conditions. The study presents possible ways to take into account the geometric properties of curves of lines, their regularities, those that can arise during modeling of curves of lines. This paper presents a general parametric analysis of the problem of geometric modeling of discrete frames of curves with equal links of lines by a static-geometric method taking into account the given initial conditions. The study presents possible ways to take into account the geometric properties of curves of lines, their regularities, those that can arise during modeling of curves of lines.
It should be noted that all problems that can arise in the process of constructing a discrete equal-bank curve by a static-geometric method fall under different combinations of geometric conditions. Due to the large number of possible options for combining geometric conditions with each other, the calculation of parameters will be completely individual in each case of solving the given practical problem, namely, when constructing discrete level-bank curves according to the given initial conditions.
The modeling of curves of lines according to the static-geometric method is based on the equilibrium of nodes of discrete represented curves due to the load applied to each node.
Since all the forces in the nodes will always be proportional to the lengths of the links, then in the process of solving any practical problem, where it is necessary to construct a discrete frame of the curve of the line, there will always be a single system of equations of equilibrium of nodes for finding the coordinates of x, y, given the constrictive nodes to which equations will be added, which will be analogues of additional geometric conditions and equations, which will be discrete analogues of natural equations. The latter take into account the property that the law of distribution of external load forces is analogous to the distribution of curvature under the condition of curve formation.
SCIENTIFIC ASPECTS OF SUBSTANTIATION OF ENGINEERING OF LOGISTICS SYSTEMS OF THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE SPECIALTY "APPLIED MECHANICS"
Authors: Nazarenko Ivan , Dedov Oleh , Dyachenko Oleksandr , Mishchuk Yevhen , Ruchinsky Mykola , Orishchenko Serhiy , Slyusar Volodymyr , Yakovenko Valery
Published: February 2025

The article presents the results of substantiating the place and definition of machines and processes of the construction industry, united in accordance with the specialization of logistics systems engineering of the specialty of applied mechanics. An analysis of existing definitions of the phrase "logistics system" was car-ried out with an assessment of the term "system" in the context of engineering of logistics systems of ma-chines and processes of the construction industry. This is due to the fact that logistics systems are included in the generally accepted concept of "system", because they consist of system-forming elements, closely interconnected and interdependent with each other, which have ordered connections and form a certain struc-ture with predetermined properties. Most of the schemes that implement material flows during crushing, sort-ing, mixing, stacking and compaction are of this type.
METHODS FOR CALCULATING THE PARAMETERS OF SURFACE VIBRATING MACHINES FOR COMPACTING BUILDING MIXTURES
Authors: Zapryvoda Andriy
Published: February 2025

The paper developed methods for calculating the main parameters of surface vibrators, installations, and vibratory rollers based on the study of a mixed discrete-continuous model of the system “machine working body - compacting medium”. The calculation algorithms are based on a preliminary definition of the choice of the type of machine depending on the type of compaction process, the composition of the mixture, and the justification of modes and parameters. The numerical values of the evaluation criteria are proposed to ensure effective and energy mass, power, and energy indicators. The calculation methods provide for both resonant and resonant modes of operation of vibrating machines. The results obtained open the way for the design of vibrating machines and other structures of this class.
STRUCTURAL REVIEW AND ASSESSMENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL AND DESIGN PARAMETERS OF CRUSHING EQUIPMENT FOR THE CONSTRUCTION INDUS-TRY
Authors: Mishchuk Yevhen
Published: February 2025

Due to the growth in the volume of mineral extraction and the increasing demand for the processing of con-struction waste, reducing energy consumption has become one of the key areas of research in the field of machines for the production of building materials. Solving the problem of determining energy consumption is a difficult task, since these costs depend on numerous variable factors that vary during the operation of the machine and are difficult to accurately predict. The development and creation of energy-efficient crushing machines is one of the areas of improving the technologies for the production of building materials. The work considers the designs of common crushing machines for the production of building materials and their fea-tures. A criterion-based assessment was performed on the main generalized parameters of the mechanical mode, on the basis of which the most promising models were established and recommendations were given regarding the area of further research.
FEATURES OF TEACHING THE DISCIPLINE «METHODICS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH» FOR MASTERS OF THE SPECIALTY «INDUSTRY MECHANICAL ENGINEERING»
Authors: Kosminsky Igor
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this work is to determine the features of teaching the discipline "Methodology of scientific research" for masters in the specialty "Industrial mechanical engineering". The article analyzes modern edu-cational methods, proposes the adaptation of curricula using real cases of engineering practice, the introduc-tion of innovative technologies, project-oriented learning and the creation of interdisciplinary teams to solve complex engineering problems.
OPTIMIZATION OF DYNAMIC MODES OF MOTION OF CONSTRUCTION MECH-ANISMS AND (CRAWLER) MACHINES TAKING INTO ACCOUNT LINEAR RE-SISTANCE PROPORTIONAL TO THE SPEED OF DISPLACEMENT
Authors: Zadorozhny Andriy , Chovnyuk Yuri , Cherednichenko Petro , Vasilyeva Ganna , Bivalina Maria
Published: February 2025

The paper substantiates the methodology of optimization of dynamic modes of motion of construction mech-anisms and tracked machines taking into account linear resistance proportional to the speed of movement of the object in the operating environment. To optimize the mode of motion, usually single criteria reflecting certain properties of construction mechanisms and crawler machines or complex criteria reflecting the com-plex of their properties are used. The optimal mode of motion, which leads to minimization of force loads in the drive mechanism, is determined on a physically justified basis. For this purpose, a generalized integral dynamic criterion for the motion coordinate is formulated in the form of the criterion action by Appel, in which the component of the resistance force proportional to the mechanism/machine speed is taken into ac-count. The use of methods of classical variational calculus allows us to establish the optimal values of the main dynamic characteristics of the movement of construction mechanisms and crawler machines, laws of such movements, at which minimize during the period of start-up (braking, reversing) the amount of load on the drive mechanism of the machine. The results obtained in the work can be further used to clarify and im-prove engineering methods of calculation of motion characteristics of construction machines (in particular, with crawler) and mechanisms both at the stages of their design/construction and in the modes of real opera-tion, in transient processes (start-up, braking, reversing, etc.) in order to create favorable (energy-saving and accident-free) conditions of their functioning.
QUALITY ASSURANCE METHODS FOR CONTROLLING THE PARAMETERS OF CONNECTIONS OF MACHINES IN THE BUILDING MATERIALS INDUSTRY
Authors: Klimenko Mykola , Dyachenko Oleksandr , Marach Vasyl
Published: February 2025

The article examines modern methods for ensuring quality in the control of connection parameters in mechanical engineering. Emphasis is placed on using the Pareto method to identify key defects that significantly affect product quality and the Fishbone cause-and-effect diagram to determine the root causes of issues. An integrated approach is proposed, including analytical tools, improved technological control, and personnel training. These methods enable minimizing defects, enhancing product reliability, and optimizing production processes. The research results can be utilized to implement effective quality improvement strategies in manufacturing systems.
SCIENTIFIC TECHNOLOGIES OF MONITORING THE STATE OF BOTTOM SEDIMENTS, AS AN INDICATOR OF THE LEVEL OF ENVIRONMENTAL DANGER TO HYDROECOSYSTEMS
Authors: Frolov Valery , Majd Svetlana , Kovaleva Anastasia
Published: February 2025

The work proposes a method of monitoring the condition of surface water bodies on the territory, which was subject to the influence of enterprises of the aviation industry, by studying the contamination of bottom de-posits. Using the example of petroleum hydrocarbons - specific pollutants of aviation enterprises, it is proved that bottom sediments are an integral indicator of the level of man-made pollution, an indicator of the level of ecological safety of hydroecosystems. The calculated coefficients of bottom accumulation indicate progres-sive water pollution and accumulation of the main mass of pollutants in bottom sediments. The results of the research of the small river flowing along the airline show that the bottom sediments belong to the category of "extremely polluted" and on the one hand, they contribute to the process of self-purification of the water envi-ronment by accumulating oil products, but on the other hand, they represent a danger of secondary pollution of the water column, after which, when physical and chemical conditions change, pollutants from bottom sediments are able to move into the water phase.
Possible complications of using over-the-counter medications - what to keep in mind in practice
Authors: Bryla Adrian , Woroń Jarosław , Korbut Ryszard , Lorkowska-Zawicka Barbara , Bujak-Giżycka Beata , Gupało Jarosław , Wojtasik-Bakalarz Krzysztof
Published: February 2025

Wyniki przeprowadzonych analiz wskazują, że najliczniejszą grupą leków OTC stosowaną przez pacjentów są leki: przeciwbólowe, przeciwzapalne, rozkurczowe, na przeziębienie i objawy grypy czy przeciwalergiczne. Najprostszą metodą łagodzenia wielu dolegliwości, z których pacjenci próbują się wyleczyć „na własną rękę”, nie konsultując tego z lekarzem jest samoleczenie. Takie postępowanie często generuje wiele błędów we wdrożonej farmakoterapii. Racjonalna terapia musi spełniać kryteria zarówno skuteczności, jak i bezpieczeństwa. Musi uwzględniać zatem wszystkie czynniki, od rezydualnych cech pacjenta, poprzez charakterystykę choroby, profil farmakokinetyczno-farmakodynamiczny leków. Nie przestrzeganie tych zasad w konsekwencji powoduje występowanie istotnych klinicznie interakcji, powikłań i kolejnych problemów zdrowotnych, które uruchamiają mechanizmy błędnych kół. Często w praktyce postępowanie farmakologiczne u pacjenta pomimo tego, że jest zgodne z zaleceniami, musi być uznane za nieprawidłowe właśnie z uwagi na niekontekstowość tych zaleceń, co prowadzi do sytuacji, że o ile są one prawidłowe co do ogółu, to w odniesieniu do określonego pacjenta stają się przyczyną farmakoterapii jatrogenizacyjnej. Między innymi dlatego właśnie każdy lekarz lub farmaceuta zalecający NLPZ z grupy OTC powinien zdawać sobie sprawę z istotnych różnic pomiędzy preparatami w zakresie ich bezpieczeństwa, szczególnie dla układu krążenia oraz dla przewodu pokarmowego. Odpowiedni dobór preparatu, zmniejszenie jego dawki, skrócenie czasu leczenia i ewentualne (zasadne) zastosowanie leków z grupy PPI (a to jedno z najczęstszych połączeń stosowanych w praktyce klinicznej) może istotnie zmniejszyć częstość występowania powikłań po tej bez wątpienia potrzebnej farmakoterapii. Warto o tym pamiętać, choćby dlatego, że nie ma leku całkowicie bezpiecznego, szczególnie jeśli mowa o pacjentach geriatrycznych z wielochorobowością, a grupa takich właśnie pacjentów jest bardzo liczna - często zdana sama na siebie.
Coenzyme Q10- metabolism, supplementation, bioavailability
Authors: Karmańska Aleksandra , Rękawiecka Natalia , Karwowski Bolesław
Published: February 2025

Przedmiot badań
Koenzym Q10 (CoQ10) 2,3-dimetoksy-5-metylo-6-dekaprenylobenzochinon, nazywany również ubichinonem lub ubidekarenonem odgrywa kluczową rolę w mitochondrialnej fosforylacji oksydacyjnej. W wysokich stężeniach występuje w tkankach wymagających zwiększonej ilości energii: serce, nerki, mięśnie. Efektywność biosyntezy koenzymu Q10 ulega obniżeniu u osób starszych stąd korzystny wpływ może mieć wprowadzenie jego suplementacji.
Cel pracy
W pracy omówiono zagadnienia dotyczące:
• znaczenia koenzymu Q10 w organizmie człowieka jego udział w procesach fosforylacji oksydacyjnej, ferroptozie, wpływie na procesy oksydoredukcyjne;
• poszczególnych etapów wchłaniania i metabolizmu w organizmie;
• czynników wpływających na pierwotny i wtórny niedobór koenzymu;
• biodostępności preparatów obecnych na rynku farmaceutycznym;
• różnic w suplementowaniu dwóch form koenzymu ubichinonu i ubichinolu;
• metod stosowanych do klinicznej oceny poziomu koenzymu w organizmie.
Materiały i metody
W publikacji korzystano z baz danych: PubMed, Medline, Science Direct (Elsevier), Google Scholar. Do wyszukiwania piśmiennictwa dotyczącego CoQ10 używano słów kluczowych: Coenzyme Q10, bioavailability, metabolism, ubiquinone, ubiquinol, absorption. Przegląd literatury obejmował artykuły oryginalne i prace przeglądowe w języku angielskim obejmujące lata 1994-2024. W celu znalezienia innych badań naukowych zastosowano podejście oparte na analizie cytowanej literatury w wybranych artykułach.
Wyniki
Niedobór CoQ10 może wynikać z wad genetycznych, chorób związanych ze stresem oksydacyjnym cukrzycy typu 2, nadciśnienia, chorób układu krążenia oraz starzenia się organizmu. Niektóre leki, w tym statyny, szeroko stosowane między innymi przez osoby starsze, mogą hamować endogenną syntezę CoQ10.
Suplementacja koenzymu Q10 poprawia funkcję mitochondriów oraz zapewnia ochronę antyoksydacyjną narządów i tkanek dotkniętych stanami patologicznymi. W celu zwiększenia rozpuszczalności i biodostępności zastosowano nowe zaawansowane systemy dostarczania koenzymu Q10, optymalizacja formulacji preparatów jest głównym celem terapeutycznym.
Wnioski
1. Wchłanianie i biodostępność suplementów CoQ10 może różnić się, zależy to od zastosowanej formulacji.
2. Wykazano duże różnice międzyosobnicze dotyczące absorpcji CoQ10 - wchłanianie preparatów zależy od zdolności danej osoby do wchłaniania koenzymu.
Exposure of molecular objects to terahertz band waves - risks
Authors: Pliński Edward Franciszek , Plińska Stanisława
Published: February 2025

Przedmiot badań: praca ma charakter przeglądowy, która ma dać odpowiedź na pojawiające się pytania naukowców i producentów zawansowanej aparatury naukowej dotyczące możliwych niebezpieczeństw związanych z oddziaływaniem fal terahercowych (THz) na organizmy żywe i możliwy destrukcyjny wpływ fal THz na procesy technologiczne w przemyśle medycznym i farmaceutycznym, a odpowiedzi na te pytania, mogą wskazać warunki do poprawy komfortu pracy z takimi falami, oraz znaleźć ich zastosowanie w szeroko pojętej biomedycynie i oraz farmacji.
Materiał i metody: przedmiot badań oraz metody badawcze zostały omówione na tle ogólnie pojętego świata bio-organizmów i bio-molekuł. Dobrano stosowne dane literaturowe dotyczące omawianej tematyki. Zagrożenia odpowiednio pogrupowano na te mieszczące się w tematyce biomedycyny, jak i zarówno w naukach farmaceutycznych.
Cel badań: celem opracowania jest zidentyfikowanie i zbadanie możliwych zagrożeń, które mogą nieść praca z urządzeniami THz oraz wpływ fal THz na organizmy żywe i inne biomolekuły, gdzie uwzględniono zarówno czynniki termiczne, jak i rezonansowe. Uwzględniono możliwe niedogodności i zagrożenia mogące się pojawić przy stosowaniu techniki terahercowej w naukach farmaceutycznych. Opracowanie ma wskazać nie tylko zagrożenia niesione przez rozwijająca się technikę terahercowa, ale równie wskazać i zasugerować sposoby posługiwania się promieniowaniem z pasma terahercowego.
Wyniki: omówiono technikę nsPEF; poddano analizie czynniki środowiskowe, jak wpływ fal THz na organizmy ludzkie (w tym motywy konstrukcji tzw. broni niezabijającej), wpływ na organizmy zwierzęce i roślinne; omówiono wpływ fal THz na obiekty molekularne, takie jak woda, aminokwasy, nukleobazy, cukry, białka, DNA i RNA. Uwzględniono możliwe zagrożenia falami THz dla technologii komponentów farmaceutycznych.
Wnioski: przy obecnym stanie wiedzy uznaje się, że rozwój techniki terahercowej ma olbrzymi potencjał wpływania na wiele dziedzin życia społecznego, naukowego oraz przemysłowego i nie stanowi zagrożenia dla wszelkich badań i komercjalizacji.
Next-Generation Breast Organoids Capture Human Organogenesis With High-Resolution Live Imaging
Authors: Rauner Gat , Traugh Nicole C. , Trepicchio Colin J. , Parrish Meadow E. , Kuperwasser Charlotte
Published: February 2025

Organoids have emerged as a powerful tool for modeling tissue growth and diseases. In this study, we introduce a groundbreaking organotypic culture technique that replicates the morphology, scale, and heterogeneity of human breast tissue, and includes a mesenchymal-like stromal component. A standout feature of this approach is the use of long-term live imaging at high temporal resolution to directly observe stem cell dynamics during organogenesis, from single cells to mature organ tissue. The system is adaptable for high throughput applications and allows for genetic manipulation of the cells. Real-time imaging of ex-vivo tissue formation reveals a non-canonical process of ductal-lobular morphogenesis and branching, and de-novo generation of a supportive stroma. Incorporating patient-derived single cells from multiple donors offers an enhanced representation of the spectrum of individual responses and the impacts of distinct exposures. While developed for breast tissue, the principles of this technology can serve as a model for the development of similar systems in other tissues, where organoids do not merely reproduce the tissue, but where their regeneration can also be observed and studied. In addition, this model provides a quantitative experimental system to study mechanisms of embryogenesis, development, and tissue organization where biomechanics plays an important role.
PERANAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR (POC) BERBAHAN DASAR LIMBAH SABUT KELAPA DAN SABUT PINANG DALAM MENINGKATKAN PRODUKTIVITAS TANAH GAMBUT
Authors: Sari Intan , Riono Yoyon , Syaputra Razy , Sari Puspita , Alwi Muhammad , Luthfi Al Ansyari Muhammad
Published: February 2025

Penelitian “Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk Organik Cair Batang Pisang (POC) terhadap Pertumbuhandan Produksi Tanaman Cabe Rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.) di tanah gambut” ini dilakukan pada bulan, Januari sampai dengan bulan April 2022, di Lahan Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Islam Indragiri, Kecamatan Tempuling, Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, Propinsi Riau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dosis pupuk organik cair batang pisang yang optimal untuk pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman cabai rawit ditanah gambut. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) non factorial diulang sebanyak 6 kali dengan dosis perlakuan A0 = Tanpa perlakuan (kontrol), A1 = 100 ml/Tanaman, A2 = 200 ml/Tanaman, A3 = 300 ml/Tanaman, A4 = 400 ml/Tanaman, A5 = 500 ml/Tanaman, data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan analisis sidik ragam dan jika berbeda nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey HSD pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh poc batang pisang terhadap pertumbuhan cabai rawit di tanah gambut tidak berpengaruh nyata pada semua parameter pengamatan tinggi tanaman, umur muncul bunga pertama, umur panen pertama, jumlah buah pertanaman, dan   produksi tanaman perpolybag. Perlakuan pemberian pupuk organik cair batang pisang di tanah gambut tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap semua parameter pengamatan.
Exploring Java for AI-Powered Chatbots in the Insurance Industry
Authors: Sai Santosh Goud Bandari
Published: February 2025

The insurance industry is undergoing a digital transformation, and artificial intelligence (AI)-powered chatbots are at the forefront of this revolution. AI chatbots are enhancing operational efficiency, improving customer experience, and reducing costs by automating tasks such as claims processing, fraud detection, and policyholder assistance. While Python is often the language of choice for AI development, Java is gaining popularity for developing AI-driven chatbots due to its scalability, performance, and security features. This paper explores the role of Java in the development of AI chatbots, focusing particularly on its use in the insurance sector. By leveraging Java-based machine learning tools like Deeplearning4j and Apache OpenNLP, these chatbots are equipped to analyze and interpret vast amounts of data for decision-making. Logistic regression, a statistical technique for binary classification, is highlighted as a key machine learning model used for fraud detection in insurance claims. The paper discusses how these Java frameworks and algorithms contribute to the development of efficient and intelligent chatbot systems that support insurance operations, improve customer satisfaction, and ensure data security.
ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ДЕРЖАВНО-ПРАВОВИХ ПОКАЗНИКІВ ЕПОХИ ВІДРОДЖЕННЯ ТА РЕФОРМАЦІЇ В НАУКОВІЙ СПАДЩИНІ ЯКОБА БУРКХАРДТА (1818–1897 РР.) ТА МАКСА ВЕБЕРА (1864–1920 РР.)
Authors: Саранов Сергій Вікторович
Published: February 2025

Статтю присвячено аналізу державно-правових показників епохи Відродження та Реформації у науковій спадщині Якоба Буркхардта (1818–1897 рр.) і Макса Вебера (1864–1920 рр.). Зазначається, що в характеристиці епохи Відродження швейцарський дослідник відштовхувався від запропонованої ним концепції держави «як витвору мистецтва». Державно-правові показники епохи Відродження накладали значний вплив на поняття державного устрою, відображали світоглядні ідеали епохи Відродження. Автор статті констатує, що оцінка Буркхардтом державно-правового устрою епохи Відродження та Реформації має не контрарний, а взаємодоповнювальний характер. Так, епоха Реформації призвела до встановлення контролю держави над церквою. Відповідно до оцінок Я. Буркхардта цей процес відображав факт встановлення «всемогутності» держави. Автор статті констатує, що аналіз авторських оцінок Я. Буркхардта має значний пізнавальний потенціал у вивченні основних етапів розвитку політико-правової думки раннього Нового часу та становить інтерес для сучасної української історіографії. Характеристика державно-правових показників епохи Відродження та Реформації з боку Якоба Буркхардта показує, що перевагу в історичному плані він віддає показникам та ідеям епохи Відродження. До того ж початок Реформації в Німеччині унеможливив проникнення ідей епохи Відродження до німецьких територій. Німеччина, що перебувала в культурному плані, можливо, з позиції Буркхардта, на вищій точці свого розвитку, опинилася відкинутою на декілька кроків назад у своєму розвитку. Така оцінка Реформації з боку швейцарського вченого дає змогу, наприклад, побачити відмінності між його поглядами та поглядами на політико-правове, культурне значення Реформації в наукових працях німецького соціолога, філософа, автора культової праці «Протестантська етика і дух капіталізму» Макса Вебера (1864–1920 рр.). Так, ми бачимо, що для Вебера Реформація започаткувала процес «розчаклування» світу, стала точкою відліку та передумовою формування капіталізму. Проте погляди Якоба Буркхардта на епоху Відродження та Реформацію мають не контрарний, а взаємодоповнювальний характер. Навпаки, система історіографічних оцінок Реформації, закладених у культовій роботі Макса Вебера «Протестантська етика і дух капіталізму», має більш безапеляційний характер. Останнє, звісно ж, може тільки спонукати до подальшої наукової уваги до наукового спадку Якоба Буркхадта з позиції продовження його вивчення в межах сучасної української історіографії.
ЕКОНОМІКО-ПРАВОВІ ТА СОЦІАЛЬНО-ПРАВОВІ МЕХАНІЗМИ ДЕТІНІЗАЦІЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ: МОЖЛИВОСТІ ТА ОБМЕЖЕННЯ
Authors: Гончарук Владислав Леонідович
Published: February 2025

Тіньова економіка є багатогранним явищем, яке значною мірою впливає на економічну стабільність, державні фінанси та рівень соціальної справедливості. У статті здійснено аналіз ключових чинників, що формують тіньовий сектор в Україні, зокрема впливу економічних криз, війни, цифровізації, інституційної ефективності та соціальних аспектів. На основі досліджень, отриманих з використанням надійних джерел, визначено основні тенденції динаміки тіньової економіки, її регіональні особливості та структурні характеристики. Особливу увагу приділено аналізу даних про нелегальний ринок тютюнових виробів, які демонструють суттєве скорочення у 2024 році порівняно з попередніми роками. Основними складовими тіньового ринку залишаються підроблена продукція (8,1%), контрабанда (5,1%) та продукція з маркуванням Duty Free (1,4%). Регіональний аналіз свідчить про найбільшу концентрацію нелегальної економічної активності у Дніпропетровській, Харківській, Одеській та Київській областях, що пояснюється географічними та економічними факторами. Порівняння з міжнародним досвідом, зокрема країн Балтії та МЕНА, дозволило виявити як спільні риси, так і унікальні особливості української тіньової економіки. Війна стала не лише викликом, але й умовою, що сприяла тимчасовому скороченню «тіні» через посилення контролю, зростання зовнішньої фінансової допомоги та зниження купівельної спроможності. Проте, як нам видається, попри позитивні тенденції, довгострокове скорочення тіньового сектору потребує комплексних реформ, зокрема спрощення податкової системи, розширення цифровізації та підвищення довіри до державних інститутів. У висновках статті наголошується на важливості системного підходу до детінізації економіки, який має включати як державні ініціативи, так і залучення громадськості до легальної економічної діяльності. Запропоновано рекомендації для подальшого зміцнення фінансової стабільності та економічного зростання України, базуючись на аналізі національних і міжнародних практик.
ЄДНІСТЬ ТА ДИФЕРЕНЦІАЦІЯ ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ТРУДОВИХ ВІДНОСИН ПРАЦІВНИКІВ ПРОКУРАТУРИ НА ЕТАПІ ЇХ ВИНИКНЕННЯ
Authors: Лашутін Сергій Олександрович
Published: February 2025

Трудові правовідносини працівників прокуратури України є однією із ключових категорій трудового права. Саме тому важливим є з’ясування моменту виникнення трудових правовідносин працівників прокуратури, за якими підставами вони виникають. Метою статті є висвітлення прояву єдності та диференціації трудо-правового регулювання на етапі виникнення трудових відносин працівників прокуратури України. У статті розкрито напрацювання вчених стосовно розуміння поняття трудових відносин, а також запропоновано авторську дефініцію поняття трудових відносин працівників прокуратури України. Надалі розглянуто тези науковців стосовно проявів диференціації у питанні виникнення трудових відносин працівників прокуратури. Шляхом аналізу чинного законодавства виявлено особливості правових підстав виникнення трудових відносин з працівниками прокуратури України. Підсумовано, що для їх виникнення необхідний складний юридичний факт (фактичний склад), що включає в себе акт про призначення на посаду та складення відповідної присяги. Виокремлено прояви як єдності, так і диференціації правового регулювання у виникненні трудових відносин працівників прокуратури. Наголошено, що найбільшою є диференціація правового регулювання у виникненні трудових відносин з власне прокурорами та державними службовцями органів прокуратури. Здійснено висновок про те, що диференціація у правовому регулюванні зазначеної проблематики обумовлена насамперед інтеграцією адміністративно-правового елементу у визначеному інституті трудового законодавства та з огляду на необхідність забезпечення захисту та охорони публічно-правового інтересу. А єдність правового регулювання зазначеного питання проявляється у тому, що трудові відносини працівників прокуратури можуть виникати виключно на підставі відповідного чітко визначеного законом юридичного факту (у даному випадку – фактичного складу) та при виникненні трудових відносин працівників прокуратури укладаються перелік актів та документів, за аналізом змісту та сутності яких можна визначити, що вони мають зміст трудового договору.