bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Separated Feature Learning for Music Composition Using Memory-Based NNs
Authors: Rahal Imad , Strelow Ryan , Iverson Jeremy , Mendel Katherine
Published: October 2021

Using algorithms to compose creative and pleasing music has been an ambitious research goal since the 1950s. This trend continues to this day with the help of widely accessible, highly sophisticated music research tools created by big companies, such as Google’s Magenta. Due to the sequential nature of musical pieces, Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), as well as advanced variants such as Long-Short Term Memory networks (LSTMs), have been successfully employed for this purpose. Music scores data is made up of features like duration, pitch, rhythm, chords, etc. As more music features are integrated into the composition process, the space of encodings required to represent possible feature combinations grows significantly, making the process computationally infeasible. This consideration becomes of huge significance in situations with polyphonic pieces, where additional features such as harmonies and multiple voices are present. With an emphasis on efficiency without sacrificing quality, this research aims to further demonstrate the effectiveness of LSTMs for automated music generation by learning from existing music scores data. More specifically, we show that training separated models to learn individual music features and combining results to generate new music is, overall, superior to the common practice of learning resource-intensive complex models that simultaneously incorporate multiple desired features.
VS-TAP: Veteran Services Tracking and Analytics Program
Authors: Hewitt Jonathon , Hall Daniel , Parks Christopher , Knoch Payton , Dascalu Sergiu , Lee Devrin , Irwin Nikkolas , Harris Frederick
Published: October 2021

The Veteran Services Tracking and Analytics Program (VS-TAP) is a web application used to store and query the rate and duration of visitors within Veteran Services’ locations. The application accepts data from Navigate as well as a hosted demographics survey to dis- play statistics in a graphically meaningful way. Accumulating data from different sources allows stakeholders to create custom reports to compare multiple variables that represent student veterans.
Translating a Large Software from C# to C++: An Experience Report
Authors: Gabriel Edgar , Biddle Nicholas , Whitmire Shane Tran , Casey Allen
Published: October 2021

Converting source code from one programming language to another is a problem that occurs regularly in real life, but has attracted limited attention and has not been inves- tigated systematically. This paper presents the challenges of translating a large source code from one high-level programming language to another, and the solutions developed to resolve these problems. Furthermore, the paper introduces a systematic classification of the occurring challenges during the translation process and elaborates on the ability to handle them without manual intervention by a programmer. A detailed performance comparison between the two language versions of the code is being performed.
The Effect of Blended Learning of Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) and Jigsaw Towards Higher-Order Thinking Skills
Authors: Kurniawan Sandi
Published: October 2021

Higher-order thinking skills is an ability that all vocational high school students should have because vocational high school graduates are required to have the good soft skill and hard skill. The reality was their HOTS ability was low, as stated by several explanations from researchers and strengthened by the observation in vocational high school. This research aimed to find the students' learning activity through blended learning of Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) model and jigsaw model, and their influence on the HOTS. This research was quantitative research using the quasi-experiment method of nonequivalent control group design with research subjects of 50 students that were chosen using simple random sampling. The data was collected using test instruments in multiple choices and descriptions and non-test tool in the form of observation sheets. The data then were analyzed with t-test sample independent test. The results showed that the usage of STAD and jigsaw blended learning made students more active and energized in following the learning activities. The direct learning model made students inactive and not excited during learning activities. Also, the blended learning of STAD and jigsaw had significant influence compared to the direct learning model on higher-order thinking skills.
What is the psychosocial effects of the COVID-19 on adolescents at a private high school in Istanbul?
Authors: Hazar Otcu GOKCE , ARMAN CANBAZ AYDIN , Esen SARP , Merve Oren Meryem
Published: October 2021

Introduction:
Many countries have closed schools in order to prevent the spread of COVID-19. As a result, adolescents have become socially isolated.

Aim:
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the psychosocial effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on students attending a private high school in Istanbul, Turkey.

Material and methods:
Participants completed an online questionnaire including the COVID-19 phobia scale (C19P-S), trait anxiety inventory (TAI), and questions about their sociodemographic characteristics, COVID-19 prevention measures taken, and pandemic-related life changes. The minimum sample number was calculated as 199 students, and 92% (n = 183) of this target was achieved.

Results and discussion:
The most common changes in their lives during the pandemic were increased use of digital devices, feeling socially isolated, and lethargy and laziness due to staying at home for a prolonged period. Based on the group medians, 39 (21.3%) of all participants were found to have COVID-19 phobia, with phobia in the psychological, somatic, social, and economic domains in 74 (40.4%), 57 (31.1%), 66 (36.1%), and 47 (25.7%) of participants, respectively. Based on the median TAI score, 55 (30.1%) of the participants had anxiety.

Conclusions:
Adolescents are a vulnerable group; to protect their mental health during the pandemic, risks must be reduced and preventive mental health interventions increased. Parents should provide guidance to adolescents in order to provide access to sources of accurate information, use the internet to support individual and social development, and create alternative ways for peer interaction to reduce isolation and loneliness.
Performance Analysis and Trade Strategy Indonesia-MERCOSURE
Authors: Hastuti Siregar  , Wibowo  , Anda Nugroho  , Dea Amanda
Published: October 2021

Indonesia has established various cooperative relationships with Latin American countries. Various efforts to explore Indonesia's cooperation with other countries have been continuously done, especially with MERCOSUR founding countries (Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay) as a potential market for Indonesian export products. The objectives of this study are (1) identifying the trade performance between Indonesia and MERCOSUR countries; (2) analyzing factors affecting Indonesia’s export to MERCOSUR countries; and (3) formulating strategies for trade cooperation between Indonesia and MERCOSUR countries. The analytical methods used are Qualitative Descriptive Analysis, Gravity Model, and SWOT Analysis.  The results show that the value of Indonesia's exports and imports to MERCOSUR countries is still small compared to other competing countries. Import tariffs imposed by MERCOSUR countries on Indonesia's main export products are still relatively high, on the contrary, import tariffs imposed by Indonesia on MERCOSUR's main products are relatively low. Indonesia's exports to MERCOSUR countries are positively and significantly affected by the GDP of MERCOSUR countries. The recommendations for Indonesia-MERCOSUR trade cooperation strategies are: (1) optimizing Indonesia's ability to meet the MERCOSUR market, especially for palm oil, rubber, auto parts, artificial fibers, footwear, coconuts, and tobacco; (2) increasing cooperation intensity in Free Trade Area (FTA) form; (3) improving tariff structure and non-tariff barriers; and (4) strengthening the economic diplomacy.
Kuantitas dan Kualitas Fodder Jagung, Padi dan Kacang Hijau dengan Waktu Panen yang Berbeda Menggunakan Smart hydroponic Fodder
Authors: Tera Fit Rayani  , Yuni Resti  , Ratih Kemala Dewi
Published: October 2021

This experiment was aimed to compare varieties and harvest time of green hydroponic fodder based on it’s quantity and quality. Green fodder is made from corn kernels, mung beans and unhulled rice. Green fodder was grown by mart hydroponics sensors and Arduino systems for controlling the water irrigation system and environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity. Quantity of green hydroponic fodder (corn, mung bean and unhulled rice) based on the biomass production. Quality of green hydroponic fodder based on nutrient content of the forage biomass (dry matter, crude protein, ash, ether extract, crude fiber and nitrogen free extract). Experimental design for fodder productivity was a completely randomized design with 3 x 3 factorial, i.e seed varieties (corn, mung bean and unhulled rice) and harvesting age of the green hydroponic fodder (7, 14 and 21 d). The results showed that total biomass was affected significantly (p<0.05) by harvesting age. Total biomass was increased with longer harvesting age of fodder. Corn green fodder and unhulled rice green fodder produce larger biomass than mung bean green fodder (p<0.05). The nutrient content of greenfodder were higher compared to the seeds. its quality and quantity, the best harvesting age of corn and unhulled rice green fodder was 14 days. Therefore smart hydroponic fodder can be an alternative to provide good quality fodder and land preservative.
Key words: feed, hydroponic, green fodder
Morfologi Mutan Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Hasil Iradiasi Sinar Gamma Pada Cekaman Kering
Authors: Harianja Desima Natalia , Karti P D M H , Prihantoro I
Published: October 2021

Alfalfa in dry stress conditions cannot grow optimally. Drought inhibits growth and reduces alfalfa production in many cultivation systems. Plants breeding with gamma-ray irradiation and in vitro selection using PEG found somaclonal variants adapted to grow well in drought conditions. This study aims to determine the type of mutation with the best morphology in dry stress conditions. Alfalfa mutants resulting from gamma irradiation were sub-cultured in vitro. Alfalfa mutants cultured in PEG medium, according to treatments. This experiment used completely randomized factorial design with 2 factors, namely the gamma-ray irradiation doses (0 Gy, 100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 and 500 Gy), and PEG concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, and  20% ). The variables observed were viability, plant height, number of leaves, wet weight, medium shrinkage, leaf wilting, and leaf color. The results showed that the gamma-irradiated mutant had a better (p<0.05) morphology than the control (0 Gy) in the face of dry stress conditions. Combination of 500 Gy and 20% PEG concentration resulted the best type of mutant. Key words:        alfalfa, in vitro, gamma rays, PEG
DANOS HEPÁTICOS RELACIONADOS À SOBREDOSAGEM DE PARACETAMOL: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Spack Nicoly Camila , Klein Gabriel Barbosa , Dias Gabriela Boiago
Published: October 2021

Introdução: O paracetamol, conhecido também como acetaminofeno, é amplamente utilizado como antipirético, porém já se é estabelecido seu perfil de toxicidade hepática quando ingerido acima das doses t
Some Pathological Study of Experimental Infection of Blastocystis hominis in Mice
Authors: AL-Taee E. H.
Published: October 2021

Blastocystis hominis isolated from patients suffering from diarrhea patients (56) in number visited two hospital in Baghdad were cultured on liver infusion broth to infecting laboratory animals. Albino mice (4-6) wks in age were infected with Blastocystis hominis by inculcation and after the appearance of clinical signs (weakness, diarrhea) the mice were killed and pathological studies were done on organs like intestine, stomach and liver, the lesion showed desquamation of mucosa, severe infiltration of inflammatory cells specially around the parasite, this lesion was more severe in large intestine from the other organs. 

The parasite was seen in liver cells and appeared with different stages of growth and replication causing vaculation and necrosis in the hepatocyte.
Diuretic effects of aqueous extract of Olive Leaves (Olea europea) in adult male rats.
Authors: Abdullah B. N. , Khudiar K. K. , Toma B. S.
Published: October 2021

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of aqueous extract of olive leaves (Olea europea) on kidney functions. Eighteen adult male rats 

three equal groups placed individually in were randomly divided in to metabolic cages and were handled as follows: group (C) served as control group; rats in group (T1) were intubated (90 mg/kg B.W.) of aqueous extract of 

group T2 were intubated (0.8 mg/kg B.W.) of olive leaves and rats in ammuretic. Blood and urine samples were collected after 24 hours of 

significant increase in urinary output intubation. The results showed a 

ions and potassium urinary sodium increase in an 

by accompanied concentration in the olive leaves treated group only. Creatinine clearance (as an 

for glomerular filtration rate) increased significantly in both treated index groups, it is concluded that olive leaves extract may cause its diuretic effect by. increasing the glomerulor filtration rate.
Some anatomical aspects of Cardiac and roots of large blood vessels in one humped camel (Camelus dromadarius)
Authors: Merhish Shaker M.
Published: October 2021

This study use 40 specimens for one humped camel heart at the age 6 - 8 years and the specimens with their large arteries and vein roots without any harm. 

They have been washed and cleaned from blood and injected with latex added to it pink carmine dye (pigment). 

Arterial branches that feed the one humped camel heart had been studied. It proved that the heart shape in the one humped camel is wide at it's base and narrow at it's apex. The heart locate in thoracic cavity in inclinaing to the left. The ratio of heart weight to the body is 1.27% and the average heart weight 4810 gram and - that the average weight of the heart in the she camel 

this refereed to that the heart weight in 4010 gram and the male 4902 gram male is larger. this study showed that right corronary artery in the camel is big while the left corronary artery in domestic animals is small . 

We concluded from this study the artery branches collateral always grown from coronary artery and in a more condense that in horses, cows and sheep and veins where vena zygys disappear and the large heart artery and middle artery end at the corronary artery sinus where arterial and venal branches inter to right atrium. It is similar in cows and horses and that the papillary muscle of the heart is supplied by right and left corronary arteries in one humped camel.
The importance of calcium in the immunity of the body in chickens
Authors: Al-Azawi Tahani S. S.
Published: October 2021

Blood samples were obtained from clinically normal Fawbro chicks in order to study age – related blood changes in lymphocytes, globulin and calcium percentage. A total of 30 Fawbro chicks were kept from the first day of hatching till the fifty sixth day in one room and were fed on commercial starter and finisher rations. Two blood samples were taken from jegular or wing vein every week. One sample was used for total and differential leukocytic count, the other sample was used for serum isolation to estimate total protein, globulin and calcium amount, total plasma calcium estimation. 

The results of this study provide an important reference and appear to be the first set of published data for the age – related blood values concerned with immunity in chickens. The important role of calcium in immunity is also reported and discussed here for the first time.
The role of melatonin in maintenance of immunological internal environment
Authors: Al-Azawi T. S. S. , Injidi Majid H. , Rh,adi A. K. J. , Habib A. A.W.
Published: October 2021

Melatonin hormone secretes from the pineal gland during dark period. This study was designed to investigate the effect of daily melatonin administration to chicks on some physiological parameters A total of fifty fawbro chicks of one day old were divided into two groups. The first group was given melatonin orally at a dose of 12ug/100g body weight daily for eight weeks and the other group was used as a control. During this experimental work the following parameters were studied. Daily feed and water intake, body temperature before and after melatonin administration with a general observation of chick's behaviour. Blood samples were collected weekly to study some parameters (total red blood cells, hemoglobin content, packed cell volume and differential leukocytic count). 

The results showed that, melatonin caused a drop of body temperature with relaxation and sleeping of chicks up to three hours after its administration. This period was accompanied by depression of feed and water intake. Total RBCs count, Hb, PCV, and lymphocytes were significantly increased with a decrease in heterophil / lymphocyte ratio. 

In conclusion, results of this investigation indicate that melatonin causes calming and sleeping of chicks and improves their feed conversion ratio.These results appear to be the first indication that melatonin does play an important role in immunity and improvement of blood picture. These effects were suggested to be due to the immuno – enhancing and anti-stress actio melatonin.
Mechanical characterization and fractography of 100 micron sized silicon carbide particles reinforced Al6061 alloy composites
Authors: NAGARAL MADEVA , R Murali Mohan , Auradi V , V Bharath
Published: October 2021

In the current exploration, the impact of the 100 to 125 micron size addition of silicon carbide (SiC) on the mechanical performance of Al6061 alloy has been studied. The Al6061 alloy dispersed with 6, 9, and 12 wt.% of SiC particles were synthesized by a two-step stir cast route. Two-step addition of the preheated particles into the melt helps avoid the agglomeration of the particles, which further contributes to enhancing the properties of composites. The orchestrated composites were exposed to microstructural examines and mechanical properties evaluation. Microstructural portrayals of acquired examples were completed by SEM microscopy, EDS, and XRD patterns. The event of SiC particles were affirmed by the XRD patterns. The density of the Al6061-SiC composites was increased with the addition of high-density silicon carbide particles. The hardness, ultimate, and yield qualities of metal composites have been improved with the increase in the content of SiC support. The ductility of SiC reinforced composites decreased with hard ceramic particles' incorporation in the Al matrix alloy. Various fracture mechanisms were observed in the Al6061-SiC composites using SEM.
Kajian Komponen Angin Zonal dan Meridional sebagai Prekursor Penentu Awal Musim di Palembang Serta Pengaruh ENSO dan IOD Terhadap Variasinya
Authors: Simanjuntak Presli Panusunan , Rosyia Dinda , Rosyia Dinda , Kendita Nabila , Kendita Nabila , Qalbi Dhiyaul , Qalbi Dhiyaul , Safril Agus , Safril Agus
Published: October 2021

Prediksi awal musim merupakan informasi yang sangat dibutuhkan oleh berbagai sektor kehidupan.Terdapat berbagai macam metode yang dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi awal musim, salah satunya dengan melihat perubahan arah dan kecepatan dari komponen angin. Hal tersebut didukung oleh pemahaman bahwa angin membawa berbagai zat di atmosfer yang termasuk di dalamnya adalah uap air. Transport uap inilah yang berperan menentukan intensitas dan periode hujan di suatu wilayah. Data acuan yang digunakan adalah data curah hujan bulanan dari Stasiun Klimatologi Palembang. Adapun data penginderaan jauh yang digunakan adalah data angin zonal dan meridional pada lapisan 850 mb yang diperoleh dari ECMWF. Periode yang dikaji adalah Januari 1987 hingga Desember 2017. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dipilih dan di plot kedalam beberapa grafik dengan latar belakang kondisi yang berbeda. Seperti periode normal, periode ENSO kuat dan periode IOD. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa angin zonal dan meridional di Palembang tidak terlalu mempengaruhi awal musim hujan. Sedangkan untuk awal musim kemarau, angin zonal dan meridional tampak lebih berpengaruh. Hal ini disebabkan adanya lag antara keduanya yang mendukung angin zonal dan meridional lapisan 850mb dari permukaan untuk dijadikan prekursor awal musim kemarau di Palembang.
Forensik Router untuk Mendeteksi Flooding Attack Menggunakan Metode Live Forensic
Authors: Pradhana Ilman , Riadi Imam , Prayudi Yudi
Published: October 2021

Teknologi informasi di era saat ini menunjukkan perkembangan yang pesat khususnya dalam bidang komputer berbasis jaringan. Di sisi lain, terdapat beberapa oknum-oknum tertentu yang menyalahgunakan teknologi tersebut salah satunya dengan melakukan serangan pada jaringan komputer. Router merupakan perangkat jaringan yang dapat membuat jaringan lokal bisa terhubung ke jaringan public. Router seringkali menjadi target serangan, hal ini dikarenakan Router menjadi jalur lalu lintas pengiriman data.  Flooding Attack merupakan salah satu serangan pada jaringan komputer. Serangan yang dilakukan bertujuan membanjiri lalu lintas data pada jaringan sehingga dapat menyebabkan jaringan menjadi down (lumpuh) diakibatkan kelebihan beban. Untuk mendeteksi Flooding Attack diperlukan beberapa alat seperti Winbox yang digunakan untuk mendapatkan Log Activity, Log Traffics dan Ip Address serta Wireshark sebagai alat untuk mencari informasi yang terdapat pada Log Traffic yang dapat digunakan sebagai bukti digital dengan menggunakan metode Live Forensics. Dalam penelitian ini, informasi yang akan digali adalah Log Activity, Log Traffics dan IP Address. Untuk memperoleh informasi tersebut, maka dilakukan beberapa simulasi serangan pada Router. Dari simulasi yang dilakukan terjadi peningkatan signifikan pada lalulintas jaringan Router serta penggunaan sumber daya yang juga meningkat. Adapun output dari penelitian ini yaitu menemukan dan menarik data-data penting yang merupakan bukti digital berupa Log Activity serta Log Traffic. Informasi yang diperoleh pada file log tersebut yaitu ditemukan adanya IP Address yang terdeteksi melakukan serangan yaitu IP Address 192.168.2.252. Beberapa informasi yang terdapat pada log file yang telah ditarik juga dapat dijadikan sebagai barang bukti dalam persidangan.
Procesos da historiografía literaria galega
Para un debate crítico
Authors: Casas Arturo
Published: October 2021

Galician literary historiography shows links and ruptures that refer to the cultural history of Galicia itself and to the sequence of historical events that have delineated the social, economic and political development of the country since the nineteenth century. These coordinates comprise a series of processes, including the elaboration and propagation of ideologies aimed at achieving a way out of political subalternity and oriented towards the horizon of national emancipation. Those events and these processes also marked the connection of Galicia with modernity and the dynamics of historical change. As a result of the above, this book analyses critically the institutionalization processes of the history of Galician literature – with special emphasis on historiographic models such as that of Said Armesto, Carvalho Calero, Méndez Ferrín and others – and indicates the need to undertake a productive methodological innovation of the discipline in heuristic, organic and discursive terms. It further argues that this update should pay attention to substantive theoretical debates, not exclusively of specific cultural coordinates, such as Galician ones or any others that could be considered. Among these, the cooperation between history and sociology, the intellection of literary facts as historical facts, the review of the link between literary history and nation, the public uses of literary history, and the inquiry of discursive choices that promote a less self-indulgent and predictable historiography. This essentially involved a challenge, that of permanent dialogue with some of the most powerful critical reinterpretations of the Galician historiographic tradition and with alternative models constituted from feminist thought, postcolonial theories, the sociology of the literary field or the systemic theories of culture, as well as with the contributions made from a post-national understanding of the literary phenomenon.
A REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS FORMATION IN EARLY MATURING SOY-BEAN VARIETY DEPENDING ON THE SOWING METHOD
Authors: Sinegovskaya V. T. , Ochkurova V. V.
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of the study of the effect of sowing methods on the formation of reproductive organs in a new early maturing variety of soybean Septemberbrinka, which is characterized by indeterminant type of growth, resistant to fungal and bacterial diseases, lodging, forms 2-3 branches on the plant. The research was carried out on meadow chernozemic soil in the southern agricultural zone of the Amur region in order to establish the effect of the method of sowing on the processes of reproductive organs formation and seed yield. The variety was grown using the wide-row method of sowing at 45 cm and the row method at 15 cm, the repetition in the experiment was four times. On average for the two years of research the advantage showed the wide-row method of cultivation, in which the safety of plants for harvesting was higher by 7%, as with the row method of cultivation plants stretched and lodged, and the stem became thinner. The highest biological seed yield of 3.44 t/ha was obtained with the wide-row method of cultivation. The 15 cm rowing method reduced the seed yield to 2.5 t/ha. The high yield of seeds in the crops with a row spacing of 45 cm was provided by the highest number of formed flowers (182 pcs), bean ovaries (119 pcs) and beans (51 pcs), and low bean fall - 19.9 %, compared with 22.5 % for the row method of cultivation. As a result of the research coefficients of variation (CV) depending on the way of sowing were determined, which showed that in sowing with 45 cm row-spacing the degree of variation depending on the reproductive organ formed was 1.4-2.1 times lower in comparison with the sowing by the row method.
A GRAPE VARIETIES RESISTANCE TO LOW WINTER TEMPERATURES
Authors: Nen'ko N. I. , Kiseleva G. K. , Il'ina I. A. , Zaporozhets N. M. , Sokolova V. V.
Published: October 2021

In the conditions of frequently repeated in recent years, temperature fluctuations in the Anao-Taman zone of the Krasnodar region, where the main areas of grape plantings are concentrated, the resistance issues of grapes to low temperatures of the winter period are particularly relevant, since sharp differences in the air temperature in the autumn-winter period contribute to the decrease in winter resistance Grape vines. The article presents the results of the assessment of physiological biochemical changes, which are a fundamental adaptive reaction of plants associated with the frost resistance of grapes of various ecological and geographical origin: Dostoyny, Krasnostop, Kristall, Vostorg, Aligote, Zarif.  As a result of research in grape varieties, Krasnostop, Crystal, Vostorg was revealed to maximize kidney hydrogen decreased (by 11.7-15.3%) and increased accumulation of water-soluble sugars (at 2.67-3.29 times) in comparison with other studied varieties, What speaks of their larger resistance to low temperatures.  The variety of the Vostorg was discovered an increase in the content of proline by 40.5 times, indicating its active participation in the formation of a protective response to low temperatures. In all studied grape varieties have a closer connection between the kidney hydrogen and the content of soluble sugars in the core than with the content of the proline. Of all varieties, the waters of the grape vines, the content of soluble sugars and proline, the varieties of the Krasnostop, Crystal, Vostorg are allocated as the most resistant to low temperatures in the conditions of the Anao Taman zone of the Krasnodar Territory, which makes it possible to conclude the possibility of their use in the selection process in  quality sources of frost resistance.
Vaccine interchangeability: problems and prospects
Authors: Gavrilova N. A. , Olefir Yu. V. , Merkulov V. A. , Bondarev V. P. , Rychikhina E. M. , Obukhov Yu. I.
Published: October 2021

Vaccines by different manufacturers are available for most of the vaccine-preventable infections covered by the National Immunisation Schedule of the Russian Federation. Determination of the possibility of replacing a vaccine in the case of routine or emergency vaccination still remains a challenging issue. The aim of the study was to substantiate the problem of vaccine interchangeability, outline specific challenges and ways of solving them, analyse criteria underlying evaluation of vaccine interchangeability in Russia, and international experience in this area. The procedure for determining the interchangeability of biological products, including vaccines, was established in the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 5 September 2020, No. 1360 “On the procedure for determination of interchangeability of medicinal products for human use”. The paper analyses the applicability of the official criteria for interchangeability of biological products, including vaccines. It outlines the main problems of performing evaluation of vaccine interchangeability in accordance with the established criteria. It is concluded that the vaccine interchangeability criteria need to be clarified in order to allow for assessment of comparability of active substances, and comparison of efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of vaccines, taking into account vaccination schedules for different age groups. The possibility of evaluating interchangeability based on the results of post-authorisation studies also needs clarification. It is also necessary to align patient information leaflets for interchangeable vaccines.
Assessment of T-cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 convalescents and vaccinated subjects, using TigraTest® SARS-CoV-2 ELISPOT kit
Authors: Poteryaev D. A. , Abbasova S. G. , Ignatyeva P. E. , Strizhakova O. M. , Kolesnik S. V. , Khamitov R. A.
Published: October 2021

With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, a number of molecular-based tests have been developed to diagnose SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, numerous available serological tests lack sufficient sensitivity or specificity. They do not detect specific antibodies in a significant proportion of patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19. There is evidence that some convalescents have a relatively short-lived humoral immunity. In contrast, a number of publications have shown that T-cell response to human coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-1, MERS, and SARS-CoV-2, can be strong and long-term. Assessment of T-cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is important not only for stratification of risks and identification of potentially protected populations with immunity acquired as a result of previous infection, but also for determining immunogenicity and potential efficacy of vaccines under development. The existing methods of quantitative or semi-quantitative assessment of specific T-cell response are mainly used in scientific research and are not standardised. The aim of the study was to develop and verify experimentally a test kit to be used in a standardised procedure for in vitro determination of T-cells specific to SARS-CoV-2 antigens, in human peripheral blood. Materials and methods: the TigraTest® SARS-CoV-2 kit developed by GENERIUM, which determines the number of T-cells secreting interferon gamma in vitro, was tested in the study. Samples of venous blood of volunteers from three different groups were analysed in the study: presumably healthy volunteers; COVID-19 convalescents; individuals vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. Results: the authors developed the TigraTest® SARS-CoV-2 kit for in vitro determination of T-cells specific to SARS-CoV-2 antigens in human peripheral blood, demonstrated its specificity and performed preliminary assessment of its sensitivity. The study analysed the range and magnitude of the T-cell response in convalescent and vaccinated individuals. A pronounced T-cell response was also shown in some individuals with no symptoms or with unconfirmed diagnosis. It was discovered that the mean T-cell response to peptides of the spike protein (S-protein) was higher in the vaccinated individuals than in the convalescent patients. A correlation was determined between the severity of the disease and the level of T-cell response. Specific contributions of various groups of antigens to the T-cell response after COVID-19 infection were also determined. Conclusions: the TigraTest® SARS-CoV-2 kit is a specific and sensitive tool for the assessment of T-cell immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which can also be used for vaccinated individuals. The kit may be used in clinical practice for comprehensive assessment of immunity to SARS-CoV-2.
Development of the technology for preparation of enzymatic hydrolysate of waste chick embryos
Authors: Ovsyannikov Yu. S. , Dursenev M. S.
Published: October 2021

The development of technologies for preparation of protein nutritional bases for microbiological nutrient media, from production waste of mainly readily available or non-food products, is a promising area in biotechnology. Researchers of Vyatka State Agrotechnological University assume that non-food secondary raw materials, such as waste chick embryos (WCEs) used in the production of anti-influenza products, could be used for these purposes, after removal of the virus-containing allantoic fluid. The aim of the study was to develop a technology for preparation of WCE enzymatic hydrolysate (WCEEH), and to evaluate growth properties of the hydrolysate-based solid nutrient medium, using Escherichia coli M-17 and Pseudomonas alcaligenes IP-1 test strains. Materials and methods: the authors offer methodological approaches to obtaining WCEEH and substantiate hydrolysis parameters. The obtained WCEEH was characterised in terms of physico-chemical properties: pH, amine nitrogen, total nitrogen, sodium chloride, degree of protein cleavage. The growth properties of the hydrolysate-based nutrient medium were studied using E. coli M-17 and Ps. alcaligenes IP-1 test strains. Results: the experiments demonstrated the feasibility of performing enzymatic hydrolysis of WCEs, and assessed physico-chemical properties of the prepared WCEEH batches. The study demonstrated the possibility of using the prepared hydrolysate as a component of solid nutrient media for growing the selected test strains. Conclusions: the study substantiated the optimal technological parameters for WCE enzymatic hydrolysis: pH (7.6 ± 0.3), duration (48 ± 2 h), temperature (49 ± 1) °C. The loading of hydrolysis components was optimised: mass fraction of the substrate—500 g/L, mass fraction of the hydrolysing agent—100 g/L. The physico-chemical properties of WCEEH make it suitable for preparation of microbiological media; the hydrolysate-based solid nutrient medium consistently ensures the growth of E. coli M-17 and Ps. alcaligenes IP-1 test strains with standard properties. The growth properties of the experimental medium are comparable to those of the meat-peptone broth-based nutrient medium.
REFLECTION OF MAGMATISM AND TECTONICS IN THE GEOPHYSICAL FIELDS OF THE SOUTHWESTERN PRIMORYE
Authors:   V.I.Ili’ichev Paific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kononets S.N. , Valitov M.G. ,   V.I.Ili’ichev Paific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kharchenko T.A. ,   V.I.Ili’ichev Paific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2021

The results of a comprehensive interpretation of geophysical fields (magnetic, gravity and radioactivity) of the South-Western Primorye (Khasansky district) are presented. The authors give schemes reflecting the relationship of geophysical fields with various surface and deep geological structures, and discontinuous disturbances of various orders. The deep boundaries of the local granitoids massifs of the Jurassic age emerging on the surface are determined. The distribution areas of Cenozoic magmatism are outlined. The anomalous zone of increased values of the radioactive field, associated with the introduction of magmatic bodies with a high content of potassium, was identified. An assumption is made about the existence of a long-lived fluid-permeable zone that controls magmatic processes in the region.
AQUISIÇÃO DA LEITURA E ESCRITA NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: de Almeida Caraìba Kelly Andre
Published: October 2021

A Educação Infantil ao longo do tempo vem se modificando, rompendo com o assistencialismo e abraçando uma educação que tem como premissa educar e cuidar, lançando um novo olhar para a aprendizagem da criança. Saber ler e escrever com competência é uma prerrogativa necessária para o exercício da cidadania. Por compreender que há necessidade aproximar a criança do mundo letrado de forma prazerosa, com significado e visando sua promoção, o presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir sobre os processos de leitura e escrita na educação infantil a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa e bibliográfica. Traz alguns apontamentos sobre alfabetizar ou não nessa etapa de ensino sob a ótica das teorias de Ferreiro e Teberosky (1999), Brandão e Leal (2011), Soares (2000), bem como em documentos oficiais que regulamentam as práticas pedagógicas.
EPILEPSIA DIFICULDADE DE APRENDIZAGEM ESCOLAR
Authors: SOCORRO SOUZA SANTOS JORGIANE DO
Published: October 2021

Este artigo anseia demonstrar como a trajetória da epilepsia é inseparável da trajetória histórica e balizada por conceitos educacionais relevantes, tanto no que se refere ao diagnóstico quanto ao tratamento.A epilepsia é uma doença neurológica, com alteração temporária e regressar do funcionamento cerebral envolvendo parte ou os dois hemisférios cerebrais.. Além destas características, a epilepsia pode causar problemas no desenvolvimento cognitivo, revelando, assim, problemas de comportamento e aprendizagem, além das dificuldades psicossociais associadas ao estigma afetando o seu desenvolvimento como um todo e a qualidade de vida social e familiar..O artigo busca demonstrar que a falta de esclarecimento da população em relação à epilepsia causa atitudes discriminatórias a seu portador, comprometendo a melhoria deste, sua inclusão social, e, consequentemente, sua qualidade de vida. Com embasamento teórico se dará através de livros e artigos científicos visando à boa qualidade bibliográfica, no contexto educativo Reconduzindo-a ao prazer das novas aprendizagens e possibilidades
At the Crossroads of the East and the West: The Problem of Borderzone in Russian and Central European Cultures
Authors: Krasovec Aleksandra ,   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2021

This edited collection stemmed from the Russian-Hungarian interdisciplinary research project “Russia and Hungary at the Crossroads of East and West Cultures: the Problem of Borderzone”, examines the concept of the East and the West in Russian and Central European 20th-century cultures. The volume examines the key problems of the poetics of the so-called cultural borderzone as well as real / imaginary boundaries and forms of national self-identification in language, literature, art, and social thought. The contributors are Russian and Hungarian scholars as well as both established and young researchers from Austria, Hungary, Germany, Poland, Croatia, Switzerland, and Estonia. The authors develop their ideas and methodology drawing from the heritage of Russian formalism and structuralist thought. The book is intended for philologists, literary scholars, and experts in a wide range of other humanitarian disciplines.
Russia between the East and the West: Searching for Identity in a Transitional Era (Based on the Material of the Russian Literary Tale of the 2000s – 2010s)
Authors:   Russian University for the Humanities, Korolkova Polina
Published: October 2021

The essay focuses on the problem of national identity in the modern fairy tale for adult audience, on the example of texts by modern Russian writers (Alexander Kabakov, Andrey Stepanov, and Dmitry Glukhovsky). After analyzing what is common and what is different in the poetics of the fairy tales by the mentioned authors, as well as the strategies of portraying modern Russia in the transition period of Perestroika, I discuss the theme of the national identity in these texts and its meaning. The paper also highlights the properties of the contemporary fairy tale that addresses topical issues of the day. One of such properties is the national question, another one is the so-called “eternal question” concerning Russian civilization and its choice between the East and the West.
Dialogue East/West in the Russian Avant-garde and Poetics of Primitive
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zlydneva Nataliya ,   State Institute for Art Studies
Published: October 2021

The essay examines interrelation between the motif and the poetics in the visual arts, specifically,as it concerns the East / West motif and the style of primitivism in the Russian art of the twentieth century. It discussesvarious forms and meanings of this theme as presented in the works of M. Larionov, N. Goncharova, and P. Filonov. Two models are shown: the early historical avant-garde and the avant-garde of the late 1920s. If at the beginning of the century, the style is contingent on the plot and focuses mainly on the theme of the East, the primitivism of the next decade develops in the context of the Western Europeanturn towards documentary in art and therefore addresses the theme of the West. The third model describes the painting of the early 1930s when the appeal to the East, required by the order of the official ideology, gave rise to a form of primitivism as a way to escape from the pressure of socialist realism (Vasnetsov, Volkov). Conclusion: in relation to the topic East / West, primitivism acted as geopoetics of a kind, generating new meanings. Inherent dualism of the Russian culturefound a correspondence in primitivism as a borderline type of poetics.
Anthropological and Semiotic Aspects of Transgression in Works by L. Ulitskaya
Authors:   University of Pécs, Szabό Tünde
Published: October 2021

This paper examines different forms of transgression, or border crossing, in the works of Lyudmila Ulitskaya. The anthropological aspects of transgression which were described and expounded by the twentieth-century French thinker, Georges Bataille, primarily manifest themselves in the actions and feelings of the characters and also in their artistic works. The latter, similarly to the author’s intertextual references, can be interpreted from a semiotic point of view as transgressions between distinct semiotic systems, as “translation” from one “language” into another, as conceptualized by Yuri Lotman in his theory of the semiosphere. With these two mutually complementary ideas in the background, it becomes clear that besides the realist tendencies of her oeuvre, Lyudmila Ulitskaya makes use of the postmodernist perception of the world and the artistic methods that stem from it.
Philatelist from Pompeii. Spiritualization of Borders in the Work of Otto Tolnai
Authors:   University of Szeged, Mikola Gyöngyi
Published: October 2021

This essay is about the work of Otto Tolnai, a contemporary Hungarian poet and writer, living in Vojvodina, Serbia. In the focus of my analysis, there is his journal entitled “A Philatelist from Pompeii” which he started writing in the time of the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia in 1999. In this journal, as in his whole work, Tolnai transforms the political formula “spiritualization of borders” into an aesthetical concept. The formula “spiritualization of borders” spread among Hungarian politicians and intellectuals after the collapse of Kádár-regime. It was a new concept aimed to provide a good solution for the problems of ethnic Hungarian minorities in Romania, former Yugoslavia, and Slovakia. Since 1989 when the international borders in Central Europe have definitely become more transparent, it was hoped that after the Eastern enlargement of the EU, the transboundary cooperation could abolish the ethnic and cultural significance of state borders. Аеsthetic formula „spiritualization of borders” is connected with the concept of transitive identity in Tolnai’s autopoetic world. In this chapter, I study spatial and temporal aspects of transitive identity and analyse those literary tools (for example mythologisation of names, mixture of different genres, essayistic, commentaries of philosophical works, and political events), with the help of which Tolnai successfully deconstructs the opposition between the political categories of majority and minority.
The Experience of Border and its Transition in Recent Russian Theater (Grishkovets, the brothers Presnyakov, Vyrypayev)
Authors:   University of Graz, Hansen-Kokoruš Renate
Published: October 2021

Bearing on several plays by contemporary representatives of the “New Drama,” Ivan Vyrypaev, Yevgeny Grishkovets, and the Presnyakov brothers, the essay analyzes the phenomenon of the border and its image in modern Russian drama. The texts are discussed at different levels: the meaning of the province and the center or the main city, dramatic stories, social issues, portrayal of characters, their communication and identity issues. Features of language, dramatic techniques and functions are examined under the category of the “border”. Despite the fact that each of these authors represents a special drama poetics and uses different drama registers and languages, they are united in their opposing to traditional theater: they negate the latter by confronting its simplification. The characters are shown in evolution, in overcoming various boundaries, stereotypes are sometimes ridiculed, and one of the most important tasks is the emotional involvement of the audience.
“Variations on the Theme of Central Europe” by Danilo Kiš as an Experience of Space Design
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Polyakov Dmitriy
Published: October 2021

The focus of the paper is the essay “Variations on the Theme of Central Europe“ by a Serbian author Danilo Kiš (1986). This essay raises the question of Central Europe as a special geographical, cultural and mental area. The author of the essay considers this essay as a “mental map” of the region and identifies the key components of it (according to Kish): these are the elements of the triad “human – space – time” and the most important representatives of the Central European cultural canon. Kish’s essay is placed in the context of numerous texts written in the 1980sby other authors (first of all, M. Kundera). It was at that time that a heated discussion about the concept of Central Europe flared up.