bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Development of Smart Portable System for Underground Pipeline Leakage Monitoring Based on IoT
Authors: Puviarasi R , Dineshkumar T , Suresh Babu V , Partheeban Pachaivannan
Published: July 2021

Water is arguably the world’s most important resource. Enormous water is lost around the world due to leakages of water pipelines. Wisely wasting water should be stopped in order to exploit this advantage. This article suggests a safer approach in which the pipeline controls water pressure, and the leaking of the pipeline is observed. Observatory package with Raspberry Pi and a water quality sensor pair are connected throughout the pipeline. Continuously uploads the sensor data to the cloud server. If the pressure is below the specified threshold and the processor sends the warning message to the workers concerned amid persistent stress, the water quality disrupts. In order to post to the server, we need Internet access. However, warning messages can also be sent via SMS services that operate with the GPRS in the absence of the internet. This article further clarifies tentative steps to minimize leakage. The flow of water through the valves located at the link between the pipelines is supplied and controlled. The control valve location is controlled to mitigate water loss due to the leakage generators so that water flow is decreased into the same pipeline resulting in lower water loss.
RF Based Lo-Ra Transceiver Patient Health Detection System
Authors: Malarvizhi C , Periyarselvam K , Sendhilkumar N C , Anand M
Published: July 2021

In the last century, remote treatment surveillance grew rapidly, along with the increasing number of internet users with things (IoT). Health management, especially because early disease diagnosis can minimize distress and treatment costs, is very important for prevention. The diagnosis and timely care of multiple conditions will dramatically boost patient treatment alternatives: Wireless Clinical Management and Monitoring Device for Patients. Wireless health surveillance system or patient surveillance system requires remotely tracking the critical patients through computers, which transmit patient data wirelessly to distant locations. Health networks based on IoT seek to increase the quality of healthcare services via data collection and analysis in real-time. Nonetheless, conventional IoT systems have several drawbacks. In areas with a weak or unreliable Internet, for example, they cannot operate effectively. Low power large area network (LPWAN) technologies such as long-range network components like LoRa are a viable solution for showing the issue of Internet services. In diagnostic techniques and therapies, monitoring system plays an essential part.
Industrial Speed Control of IM Based Model Predictive Controller Using Zeta Converter
Authors: Pattanaik Balachandra , Barani Sundaram B , Mishra Manish Kumar , Thirumoorthy Dhanabal , Rastogi Umang
Published: July 2021

For induction, machine-based configuration, the model predictive control scheme, power converter based renewable system is presented in this paper. The PV system is proposed to provide an input source for the model predictive control (MPC) based system. The control method predictive is used based on vector control. According to this, the drive system behaviour of the fault-tolerant capacity is enhanced. The ZETA converter is proposed to improve the system input source, which fed on the PV system. The proposed ZETA converter is used to increase the DC link voltage of the system. The motor’s speed and torque can be controlled by the model predictive control method based on vector control. The results of the proposed system are obtained and verified using the MATLAB/Simulink.
Healthcare Technology with Flexible Smash Crystal Access Management System
Authors: Kalimuthu K , Balarengadurai C , Akilandeswari A , Raja A
Published: July 2021

The Internet of Things (IoT) healthcare has been suggested as a talented way of importantly increasing patient productivity also satisfaction. In IoT, medical instruments calculate the critical symptoms of the patients and add them onto medical databases that are processed and retrieved by healthcare personnel in the cloud. Encryption is usually used to maintain authentication by trusted parties to medical data while avoiding unauthorized access to them to protect patient privacy. The prompt access to patient files in emergency cases is important in healthcare. In this article we suggest a scheme that facilitates the access to protected medical data, attribute-based access and broken glass access, which is a compact blow access control (LiBAC). Under normal cases an attribute-set medical worker can decode and view the data that complies with the access policy of the medical file. The break-glass entry system circumvents the patient file access regulation, allowing emergency medical services or rescue personnel to access the records in good time. As the instruments in the IoT healthcare network conduct very few calculations and storage in addition communication overheads are minimal, LiBAC is light-weight. LiBAC in the standard model has been officially proven stable, and comprehensive studies are carried out to illustrate its efficacy.
VLSI based Implementation of Channel oriented ICA Processor for Biomedical systems
Authors: Mishra Suman , Rajeshkannan S , Mohankumar N , Ganesh Babu T R
Published: July 2021

The remarkable developments in neural engineering in collecting and analyzing big data have made it possible to further recognize the patient’s brain conditions through their neural recovery, reconstruction, identification, and diagnosis. As a recent science field, the convergence of signal processing and neural processing begins to emerge to work with a major amount of neuronal information for easy, long, but powerful purposes. With complex neuroscience uses, mass spectroscopy indications for brain-computer connections have proved very exciting. We concentrated on EEG-based methods in this analysis from Solutions in getting high and power solutions. Specifically, in Ecg signals’ growing field, we discuss the latest practices, scientific prospects, and CS threats. We stressed that big CS imaging techniques summarise the minimum foundation and the calculation function being used CS to interpret electrical signals. The whole researcher noted selecting an efficient recovery method, imperfect base, and measuring matrix; it will increase current Adc Brain imaging assessments’ efficiency. Finally, the possibilities and issues emerging from promoting the implementation of its application domain architecture are discussed. Research article presents 4-channel Ica in Eeg data differentiation for treated patients and studies brain functionality. A modern ICA process is developed using a mixed linear, tube, and concurrent processing elements and using alternating and triangular Systems in the brain to achieve a device design and manufactured with UMC 90nm Strong Conventional technologies.
Implementation of Deep Neural Network Using VLSI by Integral Stochastic Computation
Authors: Khan Vijitha , Parameshwaran R , Arulkumaran G , Gopi B
Published: July 2021

Efficient machine learning techniques that need substantial equipment and power usage in its computation phase are computational models. Stochastic computation has indeed been added and the solution a compromise between this ability of the project and information systems and organisations to introduce computational models. Technical specifications and energy cost are greatly diminished in Stochastic Computing by marginally compromising the precision of inference and calculation pace. However, Sc Neural Network models’ efficiency has also been greatly enhanced with recent advances in SC technologies, making it equivalent to standard relational structures and fewer equipment types. Developers start with both the layout of a rudimentary SC nerve cell throughout this essay and instead study different kinds of SC machine learning, including word embedding, reinforcement learning, convolutionary genetic algorithms, and reinforcement learning.

Consequently, rapid developments in SC architectures that further enhance machine learning’s device speed and reliability are addressed. Both for practice and prediction methods, the generalised statement and simplicity of SC Machine Learning are demonstrated. After this, concerning conditional alternatives, the strengths and drawbacks of SC Machine learning are addressed.
VLSI Architecture of Flexible Macroblock Ordering Manchester Encoding with Sols Method
Authors: Srinivas L , Upender G , Aravinda N L
Published: July 2021

Encoding techniques are getting the essential role of conversation. Strategies like Manchester and FM0 encoding are used as a part of numerous applications.Every strategy has distinctive activities relies upon its requirements. Every single encoding plan is utilized without losing any of its parameters. SOLS, which incorporates architecture and sync, and DSRC framework is often used to preserve the dc balance, and signal reliability is the semi-oriented logic simplification technology (SOLS). We may reduce the number of transistors and change DC by applying both procedures. The present work manages to get an incorporated design of FM0, Manchester encoding to conquer a traditional method. In this provided method, the number of hardware modules is minimized, and the total area used in Dedicated Short Reach Communication (DSRC) is consequently decreased.
Design and Fabrication of Body Framing and Chassis Development of Electrical Vehicle (ATV) With Simulation Analysis
Authors: Leelakar K , Krishnaraj S
Published: July 2021

Designing purpose of this electrical ATV is to manufacture an off-road vehicle that could help in transportation in hilly areas, farming field, military & border defence forces (while climbing mountains for attacking and war zone to move fast). Our perspective is designing ATV for the agriculture process with some major Agricultural operations to accomplish this task, different design aspects of electrical ATV. The vehicle was analyzed, and certain elements were chosen for a specific focus. There are many factors to an off-road electrical vehicle, such as the chassis, suspension, steering, drivetrain, power transmission, solid-state batteries, electronics driver (Acceleration, Regenerative Braking power calculus and Inputs and Outputs RPM and Efficiency) all of which require thorough design concentration. My part is to focus on where the chassis and body framing which includes steering and suspension aspects for designing. Most time and effort went into designing and implementing these components through FEA simulation and verifying the stability and efficiency of the ATV. In order to boost the edge of the ATV, it is important to pick a range of phases including content, collection, frame plan constraints, criteria for inquiry, iteration, evaluation and simulation. The above measures are critical to the unbending edge and ideal to give the driver the full protection along with enhanced road performance. The procedures are closely observed in this investigation and an attempt is being made in order that a case fit to be produced and an automobile improved that can be carried out in disagreeable environments. Due to the above proposed functionalities, a move confine must have some ideal properties and characteristics to such an extent that it is ready to withstand high anxieties created during vehicle activity just as holding fast to the prime target of giving security and solace to the inhabitant. An expanded concern concerning the move confines configuration has made the significance of recreation and investigation in this way anticipating disappointment methods of the casing. In the introduced report, we have utilized a demonstrating and reproduction programming to examine the reaction of the planned casing under different effects, reproduced based on genuine effect situations. The mimicked limit conditions and stacking application are done to anticipate the useful conduct of move confine during impacts, assisting with building up a casing plan which has adequate quality what’s more, vital wellbeing principles.
Finite Element Analysis of Composite Laminate by ANSYS Software
Authors: Surendra Bathala , Vinod D.
Published: July 2021

The Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) is used for several industrial purposes where it is required to exhibit good Flexural behavior. The flexural strength of composite is very essential property to make it as a good structural component. In the present work Glass Fiber/Epoxy resin composite laminate of six layer is modelled with the help of catia software. The Finite Element Analysis for Flexural Strength was also studied with the help of FEA software ANSYS to validate the tensile, compression and impact results with that of FEA software.
Effect of Filler Material on Mechanical and Thermogravimetric Analysis of GFRP Composite
Authors: MurthujaHussain G , Karunagaran N
Published: July 2021

In this project the types of laminates (EFGS-I and EFGS-II) were fabricated. The mechanical properties of tensile, flexural, inter laminar shear stress, impact test and TGA are conducted. The test specimens were prepared as per ASTM standards. From the test results the tensile strength and impact strength of EFGS-II laminates exhibits higher values than compared to EFGS-I laminates. The flexural and inter laminar shear stress and slightly less for EFGS-II when compared to EFGS-I laminate. In TGA Analysis sample 2 has higher temperature when compared to sample 1. The reasons for these values discussed. These types of laminates are useful in the fabrication for automobile parts and aircraft parts.
Design and Analysis of Composite Spur Gear
Authors: Sai kumar Venkat , Kumar Navin
Published: July 2021

Construction of the gear system to research the reduced weight and stress distribution of casting metal and carbon fibre. In a hydraulic power transfer device in industrial spinning machines, gearing is one of the most important elements. Given their high level of certainty and controllability, in future devices, gears might dominate as perhaps the most powerful ways of sending electricity. Furthermore, the growing change in the sector to companies like car manufacturing and office automation devices from key sectors like naval boats would entail the refined use of equipment technologies. Model the spur gear model using modelling techniques. To examine the effects study on casting iron and infrastructure projects. For casting structural steel items, displacement charging should really be examined. It is important to compare and evaluate the composite gear with the current cast steel gear.
Influence of Cu2+ and Sn2+ ions on optical properties of MgS Nanoparticles: A comparative Analysis
Authors: Sakthivel P. , Gokila V. , Saranya V. , Kavi Rasu K.
Published: July 2021

Cu2+ and Sn2+ ions doped MgS nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical route without the aid of any capping agent. The role of Cu2+ and Sn2+ ions on the structural, optical, photoluminescence properties of MgS nanoparticles have been investigated through various analyses like XRD, TEM, EDX UV- vis absorption, transmittance studies, PL spectra and FT-IR. The average particle size was calculated as ∼ 10 nm and it was varied based on the ionic radius of the dopant. From this comparative study, it was observed that Cu2+ (2%) doped MgS showed a blue shift in Absorbance spectra, wide optical band gap and also exhibited better photoluminescence property. A strong PL emission was received in UV region and in the Red region. This combination of materials can be utilized in solar panel manufacturing as buffer material, optoelectronic devices and in red-emitting luminescent displays.
Experimental Investigation on Geo Polymer Concrete Cubes with Ambient and Sunlight Curing
Authors: Tamil Selvan S , Ganesan R
Published: July 2021

Geo polymer concrete is an imaginative advanced material that also is delivered by thoroughly supplanting PC. This investigation assists with recognizing based of utilizing steel in Geo polymer concrete. The Steel slag is utilized at various rates. The basic answer for fly-ash is blended in with proportion. The projected 3D shapes were relieved in surrounding and daylight restoring. The 3D square examples were tried at 7,14, and 28 days. The compressive strong was analyzed in two unique mechanisms of restoring for various levels of expansion of steel slag in cement. The ends are drawn, and results acquired better compressive strong by the expansion of steel slag also that the daylight is restoring increments compressive strength of cement contrasted with surrounding relieving.
Experimental investigation of reactive powder concrete Using Superplasticizers
Authors: Ramalakshmi M , Sreeji V S
Published: July 2021

Receptive powder concrete is an ultra – elite solid which has prevalent mechanical and actual properties, and made out of concrete and exceptionally fine powders, for example, quartz sand and silica smolder with low w/c proportion and super plasticizers. The destinations of the work are Utilize the pozzolanic properties of silica rage, Granular blend streamlining, utilizing Superplasticizer rather than W/c and improve malleability. Super plasticizer utilized as a water diminishing admixture in cement to improve strength. It is seen that the measure of charge passes is in the scope of 100 to 1000 coulomb it shows the chloride penetrability is low. Accordingly, the test demonstrates that the solid is exceptionally low entered by sped up chloride particles. Flexural strength of cement is examined to discover the silica smoke, and quartz powder in concrete and the impact of superplasticizers in Reactive powder concrete. These examinations incorporate an exploratory investigation of impact of various restoring conditions on mechanical properties of receptive powder concrete.
Test Investigation on Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete as Crack Arrester
Authors: Tholkapiyan M , Veeramanikandan R
Published: July 2021

The main aim of this research is to investigate the properties of glass fibers as admixtures in the concrete to attain very high strength and durability achievement for a long period. Glass fibers are extremely very fine fiber glasses, and it is one of the types of Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC). This usage of glass fibers in a very small amount will give high strength and strain hardening behavior. Even though glass fibers are not so strong as polymer and carbon fibers, but it is cheaper also more brittle when compared to other fibers.
A General Study of Light Gauge Steel Building – Case Study
Authors: Venkatesan V , Ganesan R
Published: July 2021

In general, light gauge steel structural Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) members can lead to added economical design than Hot rolled Steel (HRS) members due to their high strength to weight ratio, ease ofbuilding, and fabrication. It is increased post-buckling strength and yield strength. Such members are vulnerable to local buckling at comparatively low compressive, shear, bearing stress, and bending. The utilization of light gauge steel structures has gotten progressively famous in various fields of building development. The Cold forms of hollow steel sections have a high compressive loading rate, and using infill material like Geopolymer concrete brings the best result in beams and columns joints. Sound Insulation and Head are done correctly according to the necessities of external and internal walls. Economical construction is source income for poor people.
Experimental Investigation of Light Weight Aggregate with Internal Curing Agent by Using Fly ash Aggregate
Authors: Ramesh Kumar G B , Babu Chenchu
Published: July 2021

The point of this research was to research the impact of a high volume of rooftop tile squander coarse total as an inside relieving specialist on compressive strength in the paste of fly-ash concrete. Interior relieving with squander total expanded the compressive strength of fly-ash concrete and diminished modulus of versatility. Squander total can be utilized as an inside repository to build the compressive strength and demonstrate cement design with high volume substitution of class-fly ash.
Review of Numerical Modelling and Experimental Analysis of Crack Propagation Properties in Alloy 5005
Authors: Rao Srinivas , Jayaprakash J
Published: July 2021

In light of the ANSYS stage for finite component investigation, the all-encompassing finite component technique (XFEM) considering CRACK spread in an integral relation is created, with the uprooting intermittence over the split and the solid un-predictable close to the broken tip are depicted all the most precisely. The strip with one-sided splits and focal breaks under uniaxial pressure is mimicked utilizing the FEM and XFEM individually. The J-indispensable over the split on every addition is determined utilizing the proportionate space fundamental technique (EDIM), the necessary connection strategy, and the FEM, individually. The impacts of work size and work shape is close to the split-tip, with the precision of J-essential of the different figuring techniques and type of component. As a result, the analysis gives that the size and type of component are more exact in XFEM than the similar type FEM. By using EDIM from XFEM, the J-necessary basic estimation is utilized. For break trial with cast iron examples along with one-sided splits were performed in uniaxial pressure and the necessary paradigm of J is legitimate to anticipate crack commencement in recreation.
Network Simulation Software Architecture of Blockchain: A Model-Led Viewpoint
Authors: Brindha G. , Sudha Juliet P. , Nandakumar S. D. , Valarmathi R.
Published: July 2021

It was proposed that Blockchain networks would serve some of Contemporary societies’ most important functions. If used in such capacity, blockchain network failures include catastrophes stretching beyond citizens, organizations and nations. As such, the highest levels of analytic and scientific validation for blockchain network protocols must be performed prior to widespread implementation subject to key protection, trust and efficiency. Though, the size of blockchain open-access systems in their imagined scale preclude the likelihood of exact reprocessing and replication in a laboratory setting when conducting analytical evaluations. Instead, it is important to consider abstract operating models – simulators – of proposed technologies. Such simulators must be verified by the scientific community, be highly transparent and reusable to ensure that concept concepts are applied and comparable easily and reliably as instruments for the research industry. We say it will help resolve this need by developing paradigms in information technology, including model-driven creation and product lineages. We define our efforts to build an efficiency and efficient derived domain meta-model and object-focused architecture for the advanced blockchain network modules.
Deep Architecture of Neural Networks Using Stochastic Integral Computation in VLSI
Authors: Sumathy B , Venusamy Kanagaraj , David Neels Ponkumar D , Malathi P
Published: July 2021

Recently considerable attention has been paid to the deep neural networks many implementations currently need greater processes that match system architecture. However, multiple components and complex interconnections are usually needed, resulting in a wide range of occupational and abundant energy consumption. Stochastic technology clearly shows impressive outcomes for reduced area-efficient hardware implementations, although current stochastic techniques need lengthy flows that activate deep delays. We recommend a numerical model of stochastic computing in this paper and add a few simple circuits. We now suggest an effective execution of an integral SC-based DNN. The system framework was deployed on a Virtex7 Xilinx FPGA based on the average area and latency decrease of 45 % and 62 %, especially compared to the best validation design in the writings. We also consider semi-integration attributed to the fault-tolerant nature of stochastic structures, resulting in a 33 % reduction in energy consumption regarding the design of discrete datatype without even any compromising on efficiency.
We Always Travel at a Constant Speed – at the Speed of Light C
Authors: Debnath Prasenjit
Published: July 2021

In 1915, Albert Einstein postulated the theory of general relativity which is the updated and modified version of the theory of Special Relativity (postulated in 1905) to incorporate the gravity. Although the theory of general relativity is one of the pioneering theory in the theoretical physics, but unfortunately it can only describe macrocosm of the Universe without any proper link to the microcosm of the Universe in regard of the properties of space-time. Although the great pioneering theory can measure the macroscopic universe reasonably with great accuracy, but the “true or real nature” of the space – time is still remarkably vague to till date. In this paper, I will show why space and time are mutually independent, why space and time both are constants and why we always travel at a constant speed – at the speed of light C.
Physico-chemical exploration of Yam Flour (Dioscorea alata L.) as a raw material for processed cookies
Authors: Yalindua A , Manampiring N , Waworuntu F , Yalindua F Y
Published: July 2021

Yam (Dioscorea alata L.) is a vine and twisted stems plant, which are easily wrapped around poles. Yam is a perennial tuber plant grown as an annual plant. Yam contains carbohydrates with low levels of sugar, amylose, minerals, fat, protein and fiber. This research objective was to explore the physico-chemical of white yam and purple yam as raw material for processed cakes. Fourteen accessions of yam, consisting of 7 accessions of white yam and 7 accessions of purple yam are obtained from a previous personal collection from community gardens in 2009 located in Banggai Islands Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. The determination of carbohydrate content was carried out by hydrolysis method, amylose content by iodometry, moisture content was measured by oven drying method, ash content was obtained by using dry ashes method, fat content measured using Soxhlet method and crude fiber content using Gravimetric method. The results show that purple yam physico-chemical exploration was higher on average than white yam, except for the protein in white yam (6.96%) slightly higher than purple yam (6.57%). Purple yam contains the highest water content (10.6%) while white yam has the lowest (7.42 %). The carbohydrate content of purple yam was 79.4% which was higher than white yam (73.41%). Furthermore, the level amylose content of purple yam was on average (9.05%) higher than white yam (6.93%). The total sugar content of purple yam was 0.75% higher than white yam (0.57%). The ash content was relatively the same between purple yam and white yam (2.35% and 2.25%, respectively). The fat content of purple yam is slightly higher than white yam (0.28% and 0.19%, respectively). In terms of protein content, purple yam was lower than white yam (6.57% and 6.96%, respectively). The crude fiber content of purple yam is 1.83% which is higher than white yam (1.11%).
Biochemical characteristics and antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolate from Ctenocephalides felis
Authors: Rombot D , Semuel M Y
Published: July 2021

Cats are the most domesticated animals kept by humans in the world. Cat fleas are ectoparasites that have the potential to transmit disease caused by microbes in humans. Biochemical identification research and antibiotic resistance tests have been carried out against bacterial isolates from cat fleas. Cat fleas were isolated from cats in Manado City, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Isolation of bacteria was conducted using the scratch method on nutrient agar media. The pure bacterial culture is then used for biochemical analysis and antibiotic resistance testing. Biochemical analysis and resistance tests were performed using the Vitec 2 Compact instrument with a standardized automatic analysis model. The results obtained three species of bacteria from cat fleas based on biochemical identification, namely S. equorum, C. freundii, and Pantoea spp. Antibiotic resistance test on S. equorum showed that of the 60 types of antibiotics used, 55 were sensitive and 7 were resistant. Furthermore, C. freundii, of the 18 types of drugs, 7 were sensitive and 11 were resistant. Meanwhile, in Pantoea spp., Sensitive and resistant drugs were not found. However, the results of this study prove that bacteria from cat fleas have the potential to infect humans with relatively high antibiotic resistance.
Uric acid levels on sub-chronic oral administration of Cassava leaf extract
Authors: Nugrahaningsih W H , Wulandari I B , Habibah N A , Marianti A
Published: July 2021

Cassava leaf one of herb in Indonesia needed the safety data to develop as herbal medicine. Cassava leaf contains carbohydrate, protein, flavonoid, triterpenoid, saponin, tannin, mineral, and vitamin C. The cassava leaf contained moderate purine potentially increasing the plasma uric acid. This study aims to analyze uric acid levels on plasma rat that given sub chronically cassava leaf extract. This research was an experimental posttest with control group design. The total of 36 adult rat was randomly divided into 4 groups. The experimental groups were treated Cassava leaf extract orally for 45 days. The doses were 80 mg/kg body weight (P1), 400 mg/kg body weight (P2) and 2000 mg/kg body weight. Peripheral blood was taken from orbital sinus in day 45, then was measured the uric acid level. The average of blood uric acid levels for all groups were K (1.27 mg/dL), P1 (2.13 mg/dL), P2 (1.38 mg/dL) dan P3 (1.43 mg/dL). All of values were in range of normal uric acid value for rat (1.7 - 3.0 mg/dL). The Anova analysis resulted that no difference uric acid level between control and experiment groups. We concluded that the sub chronic giving of cassava leaf extract of 80 mg/kg body weight, 400 mg/kg body weight and 2000 mg/kg body weight did not increase the uric acid levels on rat.
Sun protecting factor value of the Ficus benjamina Linn. fruits extract
Authors: Aloanis A A , Karundeng M , Paat V I , Tengker S M T , Siwu O
Published: July 2021

Sun Protection Factor or SPF is defined as the ratio between the amount of sunlight energy (UV-B) needed to cause minimal erythema on sun-protected skin with the amount of energy required to cause minimal erythema on the skin that is not protected by sunscreen. This study aims to determine the SPF value of the n-hexane fraction, the ethyl acetate fraction, methanol fraction, ethanol fraction, and butanol fraction from the Ficus benjamina Linn. fruits. SPF measurements can be done using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The result is the SPF value of n-hexane fraction is 4.935, the ethyl acetate fraction is 19.917, methanol fraction is 4.056, ethanol fraction is 8.342, and butanol fraction is 0,422. The ethyl acetate fraction of Ficus benjamina Linn. fruits has the highest SPF value, and it’s categorized as high-protection.
Production and optimization of sea salt quality on the coast of Tomini Bay
Authors: Lukum A , Mohamad E , Tangahu A D K , Ohi S Y
Published: July 2021

Tomini Bay is a water area with an area of 59,500 km2. Especially for Gorontalo Province, it has a length of about 436.52 Km. Based on this data, the province of Gorontalo, especially the coast of Tomini Bay, has the potential to be the source of raw material for salt production. Generally, the salt production process goes through various stages of the processes, namely the first evaporation process, the second evaporation process, the concentration process, and the crystallization process. The objective of this research is to obtain pure salt that meets the Standards of SNI. The salt production method used are evaporation and purification with re-crystallization techniques by physical means (using hot water) and chemical methods by the addition of chemicals Ca(OH)2, NaOH, and Na2CO3. The results of this study showed that the obtained salt has NaCl content of 97.04%, Ca 0.55%, and Mg 0.28%. The obtained saltdoes not meet the salt requirements for SNI standards because there is still a large amount of Ca (SNI=0.10) and Mg (SNI=0.06). However, it meets the type of salt group, namely in category 1 with the best quality that meets the requirements for industrial materials and for consumption.
A development of multiple representation-based integrative science learning set to improve scientific literacy in the concept of heat
Authors: Odja A H
Published: July 2021

This research has been conducted to, first, develop multiple representation-based integrative science learning set which encompassed lesson plan, student worksheet, teaching material (student book), scientific literacy test, and conceptual understanding; and second, find out impact of development of multiple representation-based integrative science learning set on scientific literacy skill and conceptual understanding of Natural Science. It was an Education Research and Development (R & D) that referred to 4-D method. After went through research stages, a product was created in the form of learning set and comprised Lesson Plan, Student Worksheet, Student Book, and Scientific Literacy Test and Conceptual Understanding of Heat (Natural Science). The learning set has been assessed by expert in his/her field and user in the field. Result of validation revealed that the generated learning set was categorized as good while result of experiment for the learning set found an improvement in students’ scientific literacy skill and conceptual understanding of Natural Science. The previous results were supported by value of gain for 0,42 and 0,53, which were included in medium category.
Mathematical problem solving ability based on self-efficacy in ICT-assisted preprospec learning model
Authors: Dewi N R , Mulyono M , Ardiansyah A S
Published: July 2021

Mathematical problems solving ability is the main goal of learning mathematics. In addition, students in Mathematics Education study program need one affective ability called self-efficacy. Self-efficacy enables students to have efficacy through the experiences they have. If students have high self-efficacy, they can confidently carry out steps to solve the given mathematical problems. One learning model that can facilitate the enhancement of these two abilities is ICT-Assisted Preprospec Learning (I-Pre) Model. Thus, the main purpose of this research was to analyze comprehensively mathematical problem-solving ability based on self-efficacy in I-Pre Learning model. To do so, it used quantitative methods with all students in the mathematics department of one of universities in Central Java, Indonesia as the population. Moreover, the sample was randomly taken from groups of students in the Study Program of Mathematics Education who enrolled in Integral Calculus course, while their data were collected using two instruments, including Test of Mathematical Problem-solving Ability and self-efficacy scale. After that, the data were analyzed using t test and linear regression. From the findings, it can be concluded that the enhancement of the students’ Mathematical Problem-solving Ability based on self-efficacy gains no different result.
Biodiversity literacy in science education
Authors: Katili A S , Utina R , Yusuf F M , Pikoli M , Dama L
Published: July 2021

Teaching the concept of biodiversity in learning activities especially science education is an important urgency to bring up biodiversity literacy competence. This article aims to examine the concept of biodiversity and ecosystems in science education activities, the level of student literacy on biodiversity, and several learning models in science education that can be applied in increasing the biodiversity literacy of students. The method used in this study is Knowledge mapping that begins with mapping students’ knowledge about biodiversity, covering the breadth of knowledge and depth of knowledge-Focus Group Discussion (FGD) involving students and lecturers-Experiments applying three learning models in lecture activities for biodiversity materials and comparing the three models tested. Results obtained from the study is that literacy competence biodiversity is a form that can be grown on the p Education science. The existence of biodiversity literacy capabilities will further have a positive impact in efforts to maintain, protect, increase awareness of the importance of biodiversity. The application of biodiversity literacy can be built into several models, techniques or learning patterns that are appropriate to aspects of the surrounding environment, environmental issues that occur, and the ability of students. Participants learners who have literacy skills biodiversity is good, will have a character of sensitivity to any changes that exist in the surrounding environment. The presence of this character in the later stages can me n make learners make efforts to establish, maintain and preserve biodiversity and ecosystem.
The influence of Edmodo application toward students understanding of slat hydolysis topic
Authors: Linggama F , Lukum A , Paputungan M
Published: July 2021

The research aims at investigating the influence of Edmodo application toward students understanding of the slat hydrolysis topic. It is quantitative research with a non-equivalent control group design. The samples for each experimental class and control class were 25. The data collection was by objective test as the instrument that consisted of the salt hydrolysis material. The technique of data analysis to verify the hypothesis applied t-test. Based on the statistical test result, the average value of post-test for the experimental class using the Edmodo application was 79,73, while the average value of post-test for the control class using the Edmodo application was 55,46. The data analysis result for students understanding shows that tcount was higher than ttable or 20,06> 1,67 at a significance level of 0,05, which means that H1 was accepted and H0 was rejected. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is an influence of Edmodo application toward students understanding in the slat hydrolysis topic.
Modelling of silt content using geographically weighted regression
Authors: Pramoedyo H , Riza S , Ardianti D , Oktaviarina A
Published: July 2021

Multiple linear regression is a method used to model or predict an object that sees the relationship between a dependent variable and a group of independent variables. Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) is the development of multiple linear regression involving geographical factors. In this study, both methods were used in the study to analyze one of the soil elements, namely the silt soil texture. Through the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data, the topographic variables used in the study are Eastness Aspects (Ae), Northness Aspects (An), Slope (S), Unsphericity Curvature (M), Vertical Curvature (Kv), Horizontal Curvature (Kh), Accumulation Curvature (Ka ) and Elevation (Elv). The results showed that the GWR model with fixed Gaussian weighting better than the multiple linear regression model. R
2 value of GWR was 57 %, greater than the multiple regression, which was 55%. And the SSE of GWR and multiple regression value were 2014,69 and 2177,19 respectively.
Teaching and learning of electric charge with PIMCA model
Authors: Nasra F , Mongan SW , Nusa J , Poluakan C , Mondolang AH , Lolowang J
Published: July 2021

Research on the physics learning of electric charge has been carried out using MR-SR (Multiple Representation and Semiotic Resources). The research aims to find out the outcomes of student learning using the PIMCA learning model (Presentation, Idea Mapping, Conceptualization, and Assessment formative) introduced and developed by Cosmas Poluakan. The research was conducted at the Department of Physics, Manado State University, with 22 pre-service teacher students as respondents using the One Group Pre-test-Post-test Design. The instruments used in the form of pre-test and post-test which have been tested and validated. The research implementation stage starts from the pre-test, and then the implementation of physics learning follows the 4 steps of the PIMCA model. The results of data processing and analysis obtained an average pre-test score is 18,88 and an average post-test score is 75,16. There was an increase in concept mastery. In the idea mapping stage only 2 concepts are correct to drafting concept mapping, 6 are correct from 10 concepts that were used as references. PIMCA MR-SR learning model is very effective in helping students find and understand the correct concepts of physics. The use of the PIMCA MR-SR as a new model in the teaching and learning process is very effective in learning physics, mathematics and science or in the STEM area.
Analysis of student difficulties in learning refraction of light
Authors: Dido F , Mongan S , Mandang T , Palilingan R , Mondolang A , Poluakan C
Published: July 2021

The use of semiotic resources in developing abilities and skills in physics problems is very important. PIMCA learning model (Presentation, Idea Mapping, Conceptualization and Formative Assessment) introduced and developed by Cosmas Poluakan is the focus of this research. The purpose of this study was to analyze student difficulties on learning the refraction using the PIMCA model based on multi-representation (MR). The type of research used experimental research with one group pretest-posttest design. The research was conducted in the Department of Physics, Manado State University, with 23 students as respondents. The test instrument used for this research has been validated. After processing and analyzing the data, the pretest average score was 15.9 and the posttest average score was 60.2. These results indicate that even though there is an increase in the average proportion of mastery of the refraction of light concept, generally students still have difficulty drawing the angle of incidence, direction of refraction and the position of refraction for the arrangement of 2 mediums. The results of this research recommend that in order to understand the concept of refraction, the use of the PIMCA model needs to provide more practice questions.
The application of multiple-choice in learning the doppler effect with PIMCA model
Authors: Tokolang I E , Mondolang A H , Mongan S W , Poluakan C , Silangen P , Makahinda T
Published: July 2021

An important factor for the effectiveness of learning is an assessment factor for both the process and learning outcomes. Research has been carried out related to the use of multiple-choice assessment in the MR-SR based PIMCA (Presentation, Idea Mapping, Conceptualization, Assessment) learning model introduced and developed by Cosmas Poluakan. This study aims to determine the level of understanding of the physics concept of the Doppler effect with the PIMCA model. The research method uses concurrent mixed methods. The research stage began with a pre-test, followed by a PIMCA model treatment which was interspersed with interviews and ended with a post-test. The research was conducted at the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, UNIMA, with 24 student teacher candidates as respondents. The research instrument used a multiple-choice model (MMC) with a written test technique. The results of data analysis obtained a pre-test score of 1.25 and a post-test score of 7.13. The results showed that using the PIMCA model using multiple-choice assessment can improve understanding of the concept of the Doppler effect physics material.
Heat transfer analysis on the tool of heat exchanger of plate type
Authors: Umboh I , Rasu W A
Published: July 2021

North Sulawesi has a geothermal energy source which is renewable energy and can be used as a geothermal power plant or Geothermal power company(PLTP). The Geothermal Power Company(PLTP) is located in Lahendong and is a power plant that is friendly to the surrounding environment because it uses geothermal energy as its resource. In Lahendong Geothermal Power Company(PLTP) unit 2, there are important components used to convert steam into electricity, one of which is a heat exchanger. The research aims to find out the heat transfer coefficient and the effectiveness of the heat exchanger during commissioning with real time, based on operational data and installation data on heat exchangers in the Geothermal Power Company(PLTP) Lahendong Unit 2. From this study the results obtained were the highest heat exchange coefficient at commissioning was 107.47 kW / m2. K and the lowest at real time II was 66.93 kW / m2. K. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the highest heat exchanger occurred at commissioning of 51.96% and the lowest at real time II was 37.19%. From the results obtained, the heat exchanger has decreased both in the heat exchange coefficient and the effectiveness of the heat exchanger. The Increase of the effectiveness of the tool of heat exchanger will affect the increase in the heat transfer coefficient on the tool of heat exchanger.
Assessment of the values of science, education, tourism and the risk degradation of Pentadio geothermal areas to developing geotourism in the Limboto Lake Plain, Gorontalo
Authors: Manyoe I N , Arifin Y I , Napu S S S , Suma M D
Published: July 2021

Geothermal areas are unique. Therefore, it can be developed to become a geotourism destination. Limboto Lake plain has geothermal potential which is indicated by the appearance of several points of manifestation. This study aims to assess the value of science, education, tourism and the risk of degradation in the geothermal area of the Limboto Lake plain unit. The method used is the assessment of the value of science, education, tourism and the risk degradation issued by the Geological Agency. The assessment was carried out in two geothermal areas located on the plain of Lake Limboto, namely Geothermal Pentadio. The research results showed that the weighting of the criteria for the values of science, education, tourism and the risk degradation in the Pentadio geothermal area were 73.75%, 73.75%, 75%, 65%, respectively.
Development of learning devices with the PBL model using the Pythagoras theorem of RME approach
Authors: Rewah V , Sulangi V , Salajang S
Published: July 2021

This study aims to produce a Mathematics Learning Tool with Problem-Based Learning Model Using a Realistic Mathematical Approach in Pythagorean Theorem lesson for 8th-grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Tomohon that met valid, practical, and effective criteria. The study employs the ADDIE model of research and development to design and develop learning instruments involved, lesson plan, student’s worksheet, a test of learning outcome. Descriptive analysis results in that the development of the problem-based learning model using the realistic mathematical approach produced good learning tools because it met valid criteria based on expert opinion, the teacher’s ability to carry out learning was good, students were active during the learning process, students gave positive responses to learning. The developed test of learning outcome meets the criteria of validity, practicality, and effectiveness. It is concluded that the problem-based learning model using a realistic mathematical approach was effective in teaching the Pythagorean Theorem topic to 8th graders of SMP Negeri 1 Tomohon.