bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-visual effects of light: How to use light to promote circadian entrainment and elicit alertness
Authors: Figueiro MG , Nagare R , Price LLA
Published: July 2017

In addition to stimulating the visual system, light incident on the retina stimulates other biological functions, also referred to as non-visual responses. Among the most notable biological functions are human circadian rhythms, which are bodily rhythms that, in constant darkness, oscillate with a period close to, but typically slightly longer than 24 hours. Twenty-four-hour light–dark patterns incident on the retina are the major synchroniser of circadian rhythms to the local time on Earth. Entrainment of circadian rhythms has been implicated in health and well-being. Light can also elicit an acute alerting effect on people, similar to a ‘cup of coffee.’ This review summarises the literature on how light affects entrainment and alertness and how it can be used to achieve these aims.
A comparison of the effects of correlated colour temperature and gender on cognitive task performance
Authors: Hartstein LE , Durniak MT , Karlicek RF , Berthier NE
Published: July 2017

Higher correlated colour temperature ambient lighting, which contains more blue light, has been reported to improve performance on a variety of cognitive tasks. The current investigation compared performance of adults on what/where task switching, go/no-go, and mental rotation tasks when the experimental room was lit by 3500 K standard florescent and 5000 K LED lighting. Results showed that, under higher correlated colour temperature illumination, females (but not males) decreased reaction time by approximately 10% on the task switching task, that males (but not females) showed a reaction time decrease on the go/no-go tasks, and that no effect was observed on the mental rotation task. Our results suggest that higher correlated colour temperature illumination improves reaction time performance on certain attention/executive function tasks, but that that improvement is gender specific.
CIE colour appearance models: A current perspective
Authors: Luo M Ronnier , Pointer MR
Published: July 2017

This paper reviews CIE colour appearance models over the last three decades. It is divided into three stages: pre-1997, between 1997 and 2002 and post 2002. Before 1997, a number of colour appearance models were developed and experimental psychophysical datasets were accumulated to aid the development of these models and help with their verification. In 1997, CIECAM97s was the first model formally recommended by CIE. In 2002, CIECAM02 was recommended, a refinement of CIECAM97s. These models were limited to related colours of approximately two degrees, viewed under photopic conditions. Since that time work has progressed to develop a comprehensive colour appearance model to include the prediction of correlates of colour appearance over the photopic to scotopic range, the variation of stimulus size, the appearance of unrelated colours – light sources – and a uniform colour space to allow the calculation of colour difference in appearance space.
Relation between the perceived atmosphere of a lit environment and perceptual attributes of light
Authors: Stokkermans M , Vogels I , de Kort Y , Heynderickx I
Published: July 2017

The impression of a space depends hugely on the light in the space, more specifically on the intensity, colour, beam shape and position of the light sources in that space. This relation though is very complex. The present study aims at understanding the relation between parameters of a lighting design and the resulting perceptions, focusing on the effect that overall brightness and perceived uniformity of the light in the space have on the perceived atmosphere of that space. Employing high-quality visualisations, we found that atmosphere perception can be accurately described by a second-order polynomial as a function of the two perceptual light attributes. In addition, we evaluated how well objective measures reported in literature predict brightness and perceived uniformity.
Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Metabolic Syndrome in BRCA Mutation Carriers
Authors: Bruno Eleonora , Manoukian Siranoush , Venturelli Elisabetta , Oliverio Andreina , Rovera Francesca , Iula Giovanna , Morelli Daniele , Peissel Bernard , Azzolini Jacopo , Roveda Eliana , Pasanisi Patrizia
Published: July 2017

Background. Insulin resistance is associated with higher breast cancer (BC) penetrance in BRCA mutation carriers. Metabolic syndrome (MetS), an insulin resistance syndrome, can be reversed by adhering to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet). In a dietary intervention trial on BRCA mutation carriers, we evaluated adherence to the MedDiet, and the association with the MetS, by analyzing data from the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS). Methods. BRCA mutation carriers, with or without BC, aged 18 to 70 years, were eligible for the trial. After the baseline examinations, women were randomized to a dietary intervention or to a control group. Both groups completed the MEDAS at baseline and at the end of the dietary intervention. Results. A total of 163 women completed the 6 months of dietary intervention. Compared with controls, the women in the intervention group significantly reduced their consumption of red meat ( P < .01) and commercial sweets ( P < .01) and their MEDAS score rose significantly (+1.3 vs +0.55, P = .02). The number of MetS parameters decreased with increasing points of adherence to the MEDAS score ( P = .01). In the intervention group, there was a significant association with the greater reduction of MetS. Conclusion. BRCA mutation carriers in the intervention group experienced greater improvement in their MedDiet and MetS parameters.
Influence of a Wellness Course on Meaning-in-Life and Anxiety of Counselors-in-Training
Authors: Pirtle Trace , Wang Xuesong , Brown Randel , L﻿ainas Hanna L.
Published: July 2017

This study examined how a special wellness course affects perception of meaning-in-life and state-trait anxiety of Hispanic counselor trainees. A quantitative analysis showed an increase in participants’ perception of meaning-in-life and a concurrent decrease in anxiety. Participants’ self-reports revealed how their perception of meaning-in-life and anxiety levels changed over the course of time. Together, the results confirmed a strong inverse relationship between meaning-in-life and anxiety. The implications and applicability of the study were discussed.
Atmospheric Pressure and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Rupture: Results From a Time Series Analysis and Case-Crossover Study
Authors: Penning de Vries Bas B. L. , Kolkert Joé L. P. , Meerwaldt Robbert , Groenwold Rolf H. H.
Published: July 2017

Background:

Associations between atmospheric pressure and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture risk have been reported, but empirical evidence is inconclusive and largely derived from studies that did not account for possible nonlinearity, seasonality, and confounding by temperature.

Methods:

Associations between atmospheric pressure and AAA rupture risk were investigated using local meteorological data and a case series of 358 patients admitted to hospital for ruptured AAA during the study period, January 2002 to December 2012. Two analyses were performed—a time series analysis and a case-crossover study.

Results:

Results from the 2 analyses were similar; neither the time series analysis nor the case-crossover study showed a significant association between atmospheric pressure ( P = .627 and P = .625, respectively, for mean daily atmospheric pressure) or atmospheric pressure variation ( P = .464 and P = .816, respectively, for 24-hour change in mean daily atmospheric pressure) and AAA rupture risk.

Conclusion:

This study failed to support claims that atmospheric pressure causally affects AAA rupture risk. In interpreting our results, one should be aware that the range of atmospheric pressure observed in this study is not representative of the atmospheric pressure to which patients with AAA may be exposed, for example, during air travel or travel to high altitudes in the mountains. Making firm claims regarding these conditions in relation to AAA rupture risk is difficult at best. Furthermore, despite the fact that we used one of the largest case series to date to investigate the effect of atmospheric pressure on AAA rupture risk, it is possible that this study is simply too small to demonstrate a causal link.
Robot-Applied Resistance Augments the Effects of Body Weight–Supported Treadmill Training on Stepping and Synaptic Plasticity in a Rodent Model of Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Hinahon Erika , Estrada Christina , Tong Lin , Won Deborah S. , de Leon Ray D.
Published: July 2017

Background. The application of resistive forces has been used during body weight–supported treadmill training (BWSTT) to improve walking function after spinal cord injury (SCI). Whether this form of training actually augments the effects of BWSTT is not yet known. Objective. To determine if robotic-applied resistance augments the effects of BWSTT using a controlled experimental design in a rodent model of SCI. Methods. Spinally contused rats were treadmill trained using robotic resistance against horizontal (n = 9) or vertical (n = 8) hind limb movements. Hind limb stepping was tested before and after 6 weeks of training. Two control groups, one receiving standard training (ie, without resistance; n = 9) and one untrained (n = 8), were also tested. At the terminal experiment, the spinal cords were prepared for immunohistochemical analysis of synaptophysin. Results. Six weeks of training with horizontal resistance increased step length, whereas training with vertical resistance enhanced step height and movement velocity. None of these changes occurred in the group that received standard (ie, no resistance) training or in the untrained group. Only standard training increased the number of step cycles and shortened cycle period toward normal values. Synaptophysin expression in the ventral horn was highest in rats trained with horizontal resistance and in untrained rats and was positively correlated with step length. Conclusions. Adding robotic-applied resistance to BWSTT produced gains in locomotor function over BWSTT alone. The impact of resistive forces on spinal connections may depend on the nature of the resistive forces and the synaptic milieu that is present after SCI.
Distinguished Scholars Invited Essay: Are Secret Proceedings Why Longer Tenured Employees Trust Their Organizations Least?
Authors: Pearce Jone L. , Klein Kenji
Published: July 2017

We address the effects of secrecy in organizational policy enforcement. First, the legal literature that explains why court proceedings are open is summarized: openness more effectively holds decision makers and claimants accountable for truthfulness and unbiased decisions, demonstrates that the rich or powerful have not bought off the weak, supports adaptation to changing norms, and enhances the legitimacy of state authority. Next, we propose that when organizational policy enforcement is kept secret from other employees, organizations lose these benefits. One reflection of these loses will be lower employee trust in their organizations the longer their tenure there. Using questionnaire data from a large U.S. governmental agency, we found that lower employee trust with tenure is incrementally linearly lower over the course of employment, not the result of an early breach of the psychological contract. This occurs for employees at all hierarchical levels but is steepest for nonsupervisory employees, suggesting that employees lack information about policy enforcement may be driving this phenomenon.
Lifestyle and Pain in Women With Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Cristina de Oliveira Natalia , Alfieri Fabio Marcon , Lima Alessandra Rodrigues Souto , Portes Leslie Andrews
Published: July 2017

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the main cause of pain and disability in the elderly. The disease leads to chronic musculoskeletal pain, characterized by an abnormal excitability of pain conduction pathways, and lifestyle may interfere in this pathophysiological aspect. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare perceived pain, pressure pain threshold, and lifestyle of adult and elderly women with and without knee OA. A total of 143 women were recruited and divided into 2 groups: OA ( n = 68) and control ( n = 75). Volunteers were evaluated for pressure pain tolerance (algometry in vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles), perceived pain (visual analogue scale) and lifestyle (FANTASTIC questionnaire). Patients with OA of the present study presented higher weight ( P = .001) and body mass index ( P < .001) than controls. Results also revealed less tolerance to pressure pain ( P < .001) and higher pain perception ( P < .001) in patients with OA. OA group scored significantly lower in lifestyle questionnaire than controls ( P = .03). Patients with OA in the present study who presented lifestyle scores below median presented significantly higher values of pain perception than the ones above it ( P = .03). In conclusion, patients with OA present more sensitivity to pain, more perceived pain, and worse lifestyle than healthy individuals.
“The Girl Should Just Clean Up the Mess”
Authors: Mitchell Claudia
Published: July 2017

In this article, I seek to disrupt the idea of the meaningful engagement of young people in policy-making by raising questions about what it means to engage policy makers meaningfully in responding to the work of young people. Paradoxically, we have extensive work on how young people might become engaged in social research particularly through participatory visual methodologies and, increasingly work on how young people themselves voice their concerns about social issues through vlogs and other do-it-yourself social media platforms, and yet relatively little on how their productions can have an impact either directly or indirectly on the policy-making process. Participatory work with young people is often dismissed as being tokenistic or romanticized, and the term “from the ground up” policy-making runs the risk of being overused and undertheorized. To illuminate the issues, I draw on work with a group of policy makers responding to the photo images produced by young people, all students in Agricultural Technical Vocational Educational Training Colleges in Ethiopia. Critically their responses, ones like “the girl should just clean up the mess,” highlight the implications of audience and especially the notion of how adults/policy makers view young people in youth-focused projects.
In This Together
Authors: Reich Jenny , Liebenberg Linda , Denny Mallery , Battiste Hannah , Bernard Angelo , Christmas Kevin , Dennis Ronald , Denny Dionne , Knockwood Ivan , Nicholas Raylene , Paul Hugh
Published: July 2017

This article explores what it means to engage youth in meaningful dissemination of research findings. To do so, the authors (a group of academic researchers and youth collaborators, aged 14–18) consider their experience working together on the Spaces & Places research project, a participatory visual methods research program that took place in Eskasoni, a Mi’kmaq community in rural Nova Scotia, Canada. Over the course of the project, we developed a strong sense of relational accountability. Reflecting on our experiences, we believe that this is central to the development of a dissemination process that is meaningful and engaging. To reflect on youth perspectives and experiences of the project’s dissemination process, we use a participatory action research technique—the Socratic Wheel—to explore six factors that contribute to a meaningful dissemination process: The degree to which the project is relationship building, strengthening, rewarding, able to reach our intended audience, provides opportunities moving forward, balances structure with flexibility, and allows youth to have a sense of ownership over their work.
A single-center retrospective study: Clinical features of different types of Budd–Chiari syndrome in Chinese patients in the Hubei area
Authors: Li Gangping , Huang Ying , Tang Shunyu , Song Yuhu , Liang Huimin , Liu Dehan , Yang Ling , Hou Xiaohua
Published: July 2017

Background

The characteristics and prevalence of Budd–Chiari syndrome in China remain unclear. This study aimed to analyze the clinical features of Budd–Chiari syndrome in Chinese patients in the Hubei area.

Methods

One-hundred and thirty patients with Budd–Chiari syndrome, admitted to Union Hospital from January 2002 to January 2011, were included in this retrospective study. Clinical features, laboratory data, imaging characteristics, and cumulative patency rates were analyzed.

Results

Of the 130 patients with Budd–Chiari syndrome, 77 were men (59.2%) and 53 women (40.8%). Budd–Chiari syndrome was more commonly associated with inferior vena cava block (56.9%, 74/130) than hepatic vein block (19.2%, 25/130) and combined inferior vena cava/hepatic vein block (23.9%, 31/130). The clinical features of Budd–Chiari syndrome varied based on the location of the obstruction. The incidence of bilirubin abnormality, elevated alkaline phosphatase, and γ-glutamyl peptide transferase levels was common in patients with Budd–Chiari syndrome. Liver injury was more severe in cases with combined inferior vena cava/hepatic vein block than in the other two types of Budd–Chiari syndrome. Color Doppler ultrasound imaging was better for the diagnosis of hepatic vein obstruction, while computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were superior in diagnosing inferior vena cava obstruction. The cumulative 1-, 5-, and 10-year patency rates were 97%, 69%, and 59%, respectively. Univariate analysis indicated that liver cirrhosis was an independent risk factor of recurrence.

Conclusion

The most prevalent type of Budd–Chiari syndrome is inferior vena cava obstruction in Chinese patients in the Hubei area. Different types of Budd–Chiari syndrome have diverse clinical and biochemical features, which may assist clinicians in diagnosing Budd–Chiari syndrome. Liver cirrhosis was found as an independent risk factor of recurrence.
Conceptualizing the role of nonprofit intermediaries in pursuing entrepreneurship within schools in Israel
Authors: Yemini Miri
Published: July 2017

This article investigates the rationales and activities of nine nonprofit intermediary organizations operating in Israeli public schools, under similar missions of promoting school entrepreneurship. I apply a multiple case study qualitative methodology with in-depth interviews and complementary content analysis to investigate how those intermediaries operate and thrive. I depict how the concept of school entrepreneurship is formed and facilitated and reveal how state policy and intermediaries’ activities interact and shape schools’ realm, as shown in three specific paradoxes emerging from my analysis.
Radotinib and its clinical potential in chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia patients: an update
Authors: Eskazan Ahmet Emre , Keskin Dilek
Published: July 2017

Although imatinib has dramatically improved major outcomes in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), there are newer tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) approved worldwide for the treatment of resistant cases, and two second-generation TKIs (dasatinib, nilotinib) are approved in some nations for treating patients in the upfront setting. Radotinib (IY5511HCL, Supect®) is a novel and selective second-generation BCR-ABL1 TKI, which is currently approved in Korea for the treatment of patients with CML both in the upfront and salvage settings. This review mainly focuses on the clinical potential of radotinib in patients with CML in chronic phase in terms of efficacy and safety.
Effects of Lip Color on Perceived Lightness of Human Facial Skin
Authors: Kobayashi Yuki , Matsushita Soyogu , Morikawa Kazunori
Published: July 2017

Whereas geometric illusions in human faces have been reported by several studies, illusions of color or lightness in faces have seldom been explored. Here, we psychophysically investigated whether lip color influences facial skin’s perceived lightness. Results of Experiment 1 demonstrated that redder lips lightened and darker lips darkened the perceived complexion. These lightness or darkness inducing effects differ from the classical illusion of lightness contrast in nonface objects for two reasons. First, illusory effects are more assimilative than contrastive. Second, the inducing area (i.e., lips) is much smaller than the influenced area (facial skin). Experiment 2 showed that the assimilative lightness induction was caused by holistic processing of faces. This is the first study to scientifically substantiate the claim of cosmetics manufacturers and makeup artists that lip colors can alter perceived facial skin color. Implications for face perception, lightness illusion, and perceptual effects of cosmetics are discussed.
Improved CT-detection of acute bowel ischemia using frequency selective non-linear image blending
Authors: Schneeweiss Sven , Esser Michael , Thaiss Wolfgang , Boesmueller Hans , Ditt Hendrik , Nikolau Konstantin , Horger Marius
Published: July 2017

Background

Computed tomography (CT) as a fast and reliable diagnostic technique is the imaging modality of choice for acute bowel ischemia. However, diagnostic is often difficult mainly due to low attenuation differences between ischemic and perfused segments.

Purpose

To compare the diagnostic efficacy of a new post-processing tool based on frequency selective non-linear blending with that of conventional linear contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) image blending for the detection of bowel ischemia.

Material and Methods

Twenty-seven consecutive patients (19 women; mean age = 73.7 years, age range = 50–94 years) with acute bowel ischemia were scanned using multidetector CT (120 kV; 100–200 mAs). Pre-contrast and portal venous scans (65–70 s delay) were acquired. All patients underwent surgery for acute bowel ischemia and intraoperative diagnosis as well as histologic evaluation of explanted bowel segments was considered “gold standard.” First, two radiologists read the conventional CECT images in which linear blending was adapted for optimal contrast, and second (three weeks later) the frequency selective non-linear blending (F-NLB) image. Attenuation values were compared, both in the involved and non-involved bowel segments creating ratios between unenhanced and CECT.

Results

The mean attenuation difference between ischemic and non-ischemic wall in the portal venous scan was 69.54 HU (reader 2 = 69.01 HU) higher for F-NLB compared with conventional CECT. Also, the attenuation ratio between contrast-enhanced and pre-contrast CT data for the non-ischemic walls showed significantly higher values for the F-NLB image (CECT: reader 1 = 2.11 (reader 2 = 3.36), F-NLB: reader 1 = 4.46 (reader 2 = 4.98)]. Sensitivity in detecting ischemic areas increased significantly for both readers using F-NLB (CECT: reader 1/2 = 53%/65% versus F-NLB: reader 1/2 = 62%/75%).

Conclusion

Frequency selective non-linear blending improves detection of bowel ischemia compared with conventional CECT by increasing attenuation differences between ischemic and perfused segments.
E-learning for medical imaging specialists: introducing blended learning in a nuclear medicine specialist course
Authors: Haslerud Torjan , Tulipan Andreas Julius , Gray Robert M , Biermann Martin
Published: July 2017

Background

While e-learning has become an important tool in teaching medical students, the training of specialists in medical imaging is still dominated by lecture-based courses.

Purpose

To assess the potential of e-learning in specialist education in medical imaging.

Material and Methods

An existing lecture-based five-day course in Clinical Nuclear Medicine (NM) was enhanced by e-learning resources and activities, including practical exercises. An anonymized survey was conducted after participants had completed and passed the multiple choice electronic course examination.

Results

Twelve out of 15 course participants (80%) responded. Overall satisfaction with the new course format was high, but 25% of the respondents wanted more interactive elements such as discussions and practical exercises. The importance of lecture handouts and supplementary online material such as selected original articles and professional guidelines was affirmed by all the respondents (92% fully, 8% partially), while 75% fully and 25% partially agreed that the lectures had been interesting and relevant.

Conclusion

E-learning represents a hitherto unrealized potential in the education of medical specialists. It may expedite training of medical specialists while at the same time containing costs.
Should Patients With Frozen Shoulder Be Screened for Diabetes Mellitus?
Authors: Safran Ori , El-Haj Madi , Leibowitz Gil , Beyth Shaul , Furman Zohar , Milgrom Charles , Kandel Leonid
Published: July 2017

Background:

Idiopathic frozen shoulder (nontraumatic) is commonly encountered in patients between the ages of 35 and 60 years in general orthopaedic practice. While the prevalence of frozen shoulder among the general population is estimated to be between 2% and 4%, a significantly higher prevalence of 10% to 22% has been reported in patients with diabetes mellitus. Since diabetic patients are more prone to develop frozen shoulder than nondiabetics, the question arises as to whether patients diagnosed as having idiopathic frozen shoulder are at greater risk to develop diabetes mellitus and should be routinely screened for this condition.

Purpose:

To compare the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and prediabetes among patients diagnosed with idiopathic frozen shoulder who are not known to have either diabetes mellitus or prediabetic conditions with that of an age-matched group from the general population.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Patients at a shoulder clinic with a diagnosis of idiopathic frozen shoulder were asked to participate in the study if they were aged between 35 to 60 years and had no known previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus or prediabetic conditions. These patients underwent a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test. According to their fasting and 2-hour plasma glucose levels, patients were diagnosed as normal glucose tolerance, prediabetic, or diabetic. Findings were matched with the prevalence in an age-matched general population.

Results:

Fifty patients completed the test. Four patients with idiopathic frozen shoulder (8%) were found to be prediabetic. No patient was found to be diabetic. All 4 patients reported a history of diabetes in their parents or siblings.

Conclusion:

Patients diagnosed with idiopathic frozen shoulder who are 60 years or younger and are not known diabetics have a similar probability of having diabetes or prediabetes to an age-matched population. No routine diabetic workup is warranted specifically for these patients.
Care Experiences of Adults With a Dual Diagnosis and Their Family Caregivers
Authors: Nicholas David B. , Calhoun Avery , McLaughlin Anne Marie , Shankar Janki , Kreitzer Linda , Uzande Masimba
Published: July 2017

Individuals diagnosed with developmental disability and mental illness (a “dual diagnosis”) contend with multiple challenges and system-related barriers. Using an interpretive description approach, separate qualitative interviews were conducted with adults with a dual diagnosis ( n = 7) and their caregiving parents ( n = 8) to examine care-related experiences. Results indicate that individuals with a dual diagnosis and their families experience misunderstanding and stigma. Families provide informal complex care amid insufficient and uncoordinated services but are often excluded from formal care planning. A lack of available funding and services further impedes care. While negative care experiences are reported as prevalent, participants also describe instances of beneficial care. Overall, findings indicate a lack of sufficiently targeted resources, leaving families to absorb system-related care gaps. Recommendations include person- and family-centered care, navigation support, and capacity building. Prevention and emergency and crisis care services, along with housing, vocation, and other supports, are needed. Practice and research development regarding life span needs are recommended.
The Superior Labial Frenulum in Newborns: What Is Normal?
Authors: Santa Maria Chloe , Aby Janelle , Truong Mai Thy , Thakur Yogita , Rea Sharon , Messner Anna
Published: July 2017

Introduction and Objectives: There has been an emergence of procedures to release the superior labial frenula in infants, yet little is known about the normal appearance or incidence of severe attachment, or “lip-tie.” The objective of this article was to develop a classification system for superior labial frenula and to estimate the incidence of different degrees of attachment. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study. Newborns were examined and had photographs taken of their upper frenula. Relevant medical professionals rated the appearance of the labial frenula using a previously described Kotlow classification system. The raters assessed each photograph twice and were blinded to their previous rating and to other raters’ scores. Results: All newborns have a labial frenula, with most attached at the gingival margins (83%). Raters had poor intra- and interrater reliability (64% to 74% and 8%, respectively), using the Kotlow classification system, which improved when the classification system was simplified. Conclusions: The Kotlow classification of lip-tie fails to be reproducible by relevant experts. The majority of infants had a significant level of attachment of the labial frenulum. As more procedures are done to release the upper lip frenulum, it is important to understand what degree of attachment is normal, or more common.
Screening for Syphilis in Cases of Suspected Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Infections
Authors: Nibhanipudi Kumara V. , Cody Kenneth
Published: July 2017

Background. In all cases of suspected sexually transmitted infections (STIs), it has been routine practice to screen for syphilis with a blood sample. The incidence of syphilis seems to be lower than that of commonly screened STIs. Objective. The objective of our study was to determine whether it is cost-effective to screen for syphilis with serological testing in cases of suspected gonorrhea and chlamydia infections. Hypothesis. Our hypothesis is that it is not cost-effective to screen for syphilis in cases of presumed gonorrhea and chlamydia infections. Methods. Our study is a New York Medical College institutional review board–approved retrospective study. During the period January 2004 to August 12, 2006, the laboratory work of all patients tested for gonorrhea and chlamydia in our emergency department was reviewed. The charts were reviewed for the following tests: gonorrhea DNA probe, chlamydia DNA probe, and syphilis IgG (immunoglobulin G)/RPR (rapid plasma reagin). The results of these tests were obtained and analyzed. Results. The total number of patients screened for gonorrhea and chlamydia during this period was 196. Seventy-eight patients tested positive for gonorrhea and chlamydia. All these 78 patients, tested negative for syphilis. The overall prevalence of positivity for STIs was 39.8% (78/196). The prevalence of chlamydia alone was 85.9% (67/78) and gonorrhea alone was 7.69% (6/78). The prevalence of combined both chlamydia and gonorrhea was 6.4% (5/78). Statistics. We used online SILICO 2 × 4 Fisher exact test. By comparing positive and negative results of serology RPR, GC, and chlamydia trap, the resultant 2-tailed P value is <.0001, which is statistically significant. Conclusions. Per our study, the yield of syphilis testing was negligible. It may not be cost-effective to screen for syphilis in cases of STIs such as gonorrhea and chlamydia.
Health of Children Living Near Coal Ash
Authors: Sears Clara G. , Zierold Kristina M.
Published: July 2017

Coal ash, generated from coal combustion, is composed of small particles containing metals and other elements, such as metalloids. Coal ash is stored in open-air impoundments, frequently near communities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of health and sleep problems in children living near coal ash and compare these prevalences to children not living near coal ash. In 2013 to 2014, we conducted a cross-sectional survey in a community adjacent to coal ash storage sites and a community not exposed to coal ash. Overall, 111 children who lived near coal ash were in the study; 55.9% (62) were males, 44.1% (49) were females, and the mean age was 10.3 years (SD = 3.9). Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to compare the prevalence of health and sleep problems. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder ( P = .02), gastrointestinal problems ( P = .01), difficulty falling asleep ( P = .007), frequent night awakenings ( P < .001), teeth grinding ( P = .03), and complaint of leg cramps ( P < .001) were significantly greater in the children living near coal ash. When adjusting for covariates, the odds of allergies excluding asthma, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, gastrointestinal problems, difficulty falling asleep, frequent night awakenings, sleep talking, and complaint of leg cramps were greater in children living near coal ash compared to children not living near coal ash (nonexposed). Several components of coal ash, such as heavy metals like lead, mercury, and arsenic, may be associated with health and sleep problems in children. More research is needed to investigate this relationship.
Distinctive Mechanisms of Adversity and Socioeconomic Inequality in Child Development: A Review and Recommendations for Evidence-Based Policy
Authors: Amso Dima , Lynn Andrew
Published: July 2017

This review proposes separate and distinct biological mechanisms for the effects of adversity, more commonly experienced in poverty, and socioeconomic status (SES) on child development. Adversity affects brain and cognitive development through the biological stress response, which confers risk for pathology. Critically, we argue that a different mechanism, enrichment, shapes differences in brain and cognitive development across the SES spectrum. Distinguishing between adversity and SES allows for precise, evidence-based policy recommendations. We offer recommendations designed to ensure equity in children’s experiences to help narrow the achievement gap and promote intergenerational mobility.
Race, Talk, Opportunity Gaps, and Curriculum Shifts in (Teacher) Education
Authors: Milner H. Richard
Published: July 2017

Although race remains a controversial, yet pervasive, issue in society and education, practicing teachers may still grapple with whether race should be a central feature of curriculum and related instructional practices, and/or how race should be interrogated in the classroom. In this article, I discuss results from teacher survey data about their views on the relevance of race talk in their classrooms; their feelings and beliefs about their preparedness to develop discursive raced opportunities; and whether they believe parents, guardians, and administrators would support such discourse inside of the classroom. Implications for literacy teacher education and teacher development are discussed.
Long-Term Outcomes of Anti-VEGF Therapy in Patients With Macular Edema Secondary to Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Young Jason M. , Wai Karen M. , Silva Fabiana Q. , Conti Felipe F. , Srivastava Sunil K. , Ehlers Justis P. , Rachitskaya Aleksandra , Kaiser Peter K. , Schachat Andrew , Babiuch Amy , Yuan Alex , Singh Rishi P.
Published: July 2017

Purpose:

To evaluate long-term visual and anatomical outcomes of anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy for macular edema (ME) secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO) in routine clinical practice.

Methods:

Patients with ME secondary to hemi-RVO (HRVO), central RVO (CRVO), or branch RVO (BRVO) after initiating anti-VEGF therapy were followed for at least 36 months. Main outcomes were change in best visual acuity (BVA) and mean absolute change in central subfield thickness (CST) at 12, 24, 36, and 48 months.

Results:

Patients with BRVO showed significant increases in BVA that were maintained after 12, 24, 36, and 48 months (+11.03, +12.06, +10.71, and +9.26 letters, respectively; P < .05). CST significantly decreased after 12, 24, 36, and 48 months (−83.51, −67.93, −97.52, −127.85 µm, respectively; P < .05). In patients with CRVO/HRVO, significant improvements in BVA were seen at 12 and 24 months (+9.39 and +8.54 letters, respectively; P = .023). At 36 and 48 months, the visual gain was not significant (+2.64 and +3.42 letters, respectively; P > .05). For CST changes, there were significant decreases at 12, 24, and 36 months (−146.23, −149.54, and −166.44 µm, respectively; P < .05). At 48 months (−97.66 µm, P = .130), changes in CST were not significant.

Conclusions:

In routine clinical practice, visual and anatomical benefits of anti-VEGF agents in patients with BRVO were sustained at 36 and 48 months. For patients with CRVO/HRVO, anatomical improvements were maintained for 36, but not 48 months, while visual improvements were no longer maintained by 36 months.
Troubleshooting and mitigating gels in polyethylene film products
Authors: Spalding Mark A , Garcia-Meitin Eddy I , Kodjie Stephen L , Campbell Gregory A , Womer Timothy W
Published: July 2017

The term “gel” refers to any small defect that distorts a film product. Eliminating gel defects from extruded polyethylene film products can be difficult, time consuming, and expensive due to the problem's complexity and the off-specification product produced. This paper discusses how to: identify gel types, common root causes, and technical solutions for mitigating gels in film products produced using single-screw extruders.
ΕΙΚΟΝΟΓΡΑΦΗΜΕΝΟ ΒΙΒΛΙΟ ΜΕ ΚΑΤΑΣΤΑΣΕΙΣ ΕΠΑΝΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΜΕΝΗΣ ΜΟΙΡΑΣΙΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΟΙ ΔΡΑΣΕΙΣ ΤΩΝ ΝΗΠΙΩΝ
Authors: ΣΚΟΥΜΠΟΥΡΔΗ ΧΡΥΣΑΝΘΗ , ΠΑΡΑΣΚΕΥΗ - ΤΣΑΜΠΙΚΑ ΧΡΥΣΑΝΘΗ
Published: July 2017

H έννοια της διαίρεσης εισάγεται μέσω καταστάσεων μοιρασιάς οι οποίες, για αυτόν τον λόγο, έχουν εκπαιδευτικό και ερευνητικό ενδιαφέρον. Από έρευνες έχει φανεί ότι οι απλές καταστάσεις μοιρασιάς είναι μέρος της καθημερινότητας των παιδιών και παρόλο που εμπλέκονται σε αυτές και έχουν την ικανότητα να ανταποκριθούν σε έναν βαθμό, καταγράφονται και αρκετές δυσκολίες τους. Με σκοπό λοιπόν τη διερεύνηση των ικανοτήτων νηπίων να ανταποκριθούν σε καταστάσεις επαναλαμβανόμενης μοιρασιάς, χρησιμοποιήθηκε εικονογραφημένο βιβλίο ως το πλαίσιο του οποίου ο ρόλος έχει αναδειχθεί τόσο για την κοινωνική και συναισθηματική όσο και για τη γνωστική ανάπτυξη των μικρών παιδιών. Η έρευνα πραγματοποιήθηκε με ζευγάρια νηπίων, διαφορετικών επιδόσεων και επικοινωνιακών ικανοτήτων. Από τα αποτελέσματα φάνηκε ότι υπήρχαν ζευγάρια νηπίων τα οποία ήταν ικανά να ανταποκριθούν, εν μέρει, σε καταστάσεις επαναλαμβανόμενης μοιρασιάς μέσω εικονογραφημένου βιβλίου. Στοιχεία του εικονογραφημένου όπως η επανάληψη των καταστάσεων μοιρασιάς, αλλά και η απάντηση σε κάθε κατάσταση φάνηκε να βοήθησε εν μέρει τα νήπια, ενώ το θέμα της ιστορίας και η εικονογράφηση φάνηκε να τα εμπλέκει περισσότερο κοινωνικά και συναισθηματικά παρά γνωστικά.
ΔΙΕΡΕΥΝΩΝΤΑΣ ΤΙΣ ΑΞΙΕΣ ΤΩΝ ΔΑΣΚΑΛΩΝ ΤΗΣ ΠΡΩΤΟΒΑΘΜΙΑΣ ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΣΗΣ ΣΤΑ ΜΑΘΗΜΑΤΙΚΑ
Authors: ΚΑΦΟΥΣΗ ΣΟΝΙΑ , ΧΑΒΙΑΡΗΣ ΠΕΤΡΟΣ
Published: July 2017

Στην εργασία αυτή διερευνώνται οι αντιλήψεις των εκπαιδευτικών της πρωτοβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης σχετικά με τις αξίες που διαμορφώνει η μάθηση και η διδασκαλία των μαθηματικών. Στην έρευνα συμμετείχαν 48 εκπαιδευτικοί που δίδασκαν σε τέσσερα σχολεία με διαφορετικά κοινωνικοοικονομικά και πολιτισμικά χαρακτηριστικά. Η συλλογή των δεδομένων στηρίχθηκε στη συμπλήρωση ενός ερωτηματολογίου. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι η συζήτηση των αξιών με τους εκπαιδευτικούς μπορεί να αποτελέσει ένα πρόσφορο πλαίσιο προβληματισμού για τις επιθυμητές αλλαγές στη μαθηματική εκπαίδευση.
Η ΑΞΙΟΛΟΓΗΣΗ ΣΤΑ ΜΑΘΗΜΑΤΙΚΑ: ΟΨΕΙΣ ΤΗΣ ΝΟΗΜΑΤΟΔΟΤΗΣΗΣ ΤΩΝ ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΤΙΚΩΝ ΤΗΣ ΠΡΩΤΟΒΑΘΜΙΑΣ ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΣΗΣ
Authors: ΚΛΩΘΟΥ ΑΝΝΑ , ΣΑΚΟΝΙΔΗΣ ΧΑΡΑΛΑΜΠΟΣ
Published: July 2017

Η παρούσα μελέτη εστιάζεται στον τρόπο με τον οποίο οι εκπαιδευτικοί της πρωτοβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης νοηματοδοτούν την αξιολόγηση του μαθητή στα μαθηματικά και αναπτύσσεται σε δύο επίπεδα. Στο πρώτο επίπεδο, αυτό της κοινότητας των εκπαιδευτικών, επιχειρεί να αποτυπώσει τα βασικά χαρακτηριστικά αυτής της νοηματοδότησης, αναγνωρίζοντας τον κεντρικό ρόλο της επαγγελματικής μαθητείας σε αυτή. Στο δεύτερο επίπεδο, αντιμετωπίζοντας την αξιολόγηση της εργασίας του μαθητή από τον εκπαιδευτικό ως μια κατ’ εξοχήν κοινωνική διαδικασία, διερευνά τον παιδαγωγικό λόγο συγκεκριμένων εκπαιδευτικών, επικεντρώνοντας στους πόρους που αξιοποιούν και στις τοποθετήσεις που υιοθετούν αναφορικά με την αξιολόγηση. Τα δεδομένα της έρευνας αποτέλεσαν οι απαντήσεις 553 εκπαιδευτικών σε συγκεκριμένες ερωτήσεις ενός ερωτηματολογίου (πρώτο επίπεδο), για την ανάλυση των οποίων χρησιμοποιήθηκε η Παραγοντική Ανάλυση Αντιστοιχιών και η Ιεραρχική Ανάλυση Συστάδων, καθώς και οι απαντήσεις ενός εκπαιδευτικού στις ερωτήσεις μιας συνέντευξης (δεύτερο επίπεδο), για την επεξεργασία των οποίων υιοθετήθηκαν τεχνικές της Θεμελιωμένης Θεωρίας και της συστημικής ανάλυσης. Τα αποτελέσματα αναδεικνύουν τη δράση τριών κυρίαρχων παραγόντων κατά τη νοηματοδότηση της αξιολόγησης στα μαθηματικά από τους εκπαιδευτικούς: της διδακτικής πράξης, του θεσμικού πλαισίου και της προσωπικής και επαγγελματικής τους σχέσης με το αντικείμενο. Ο τρόπος που αυτοί οι τρεις παράγοντες δρουν και αλληλεπιδρούν μεταξύ τους, καθώς και οι επιπτώσεις αυτής της δράσης στη νοηματοδότηση της αξιολογικής διαδικασίας διαφοροποιούνται από εκπαιδευτικό σε εκπαιδευτικό, εξαιτίας μιας σειράς κοινωνικών παραμέτρων και μηχανισμών, με συνέπεια τη συνύπαρξη αντιφατικών νοηματοδοτήσεων τόσο σε μικρο όσο και σε μακρο επίπεδο.
Η ΑΝΑΠΤΥΞΗ ΤΗΣ ΑΤΥΠΗΣ ΣΤΑΤΙΣΤΙΚΗΣ ΣΚΕΨΗΣ ΣΕ ΜΑΘΗΤΕΣ ΜΙΚΡΗΣ ΗΛΙΚΙΑΣ
Authors: ΠΑΠΑΡΙΣΤΟΔΗΜΟΥ ΕΦΗ , ΜΕΛΕΤΙΟΥ- ΜΑΥΡΟΘΕΡΗ ΜΑΡΙΑ
Published: July 2017

Το άρθρο εστιάζεται στην ανάπτυξη της άτυπης επαγωγικής συλλογιστικής (informal inferential reasoning) με τη χρήση του δυναμικού λογισμικού TinkerPlots®, το οποίο σχεδιάστηκε ειδικά για παιδιά δημοτικού και γυμνασίου. Τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας δείχνουν ότι η διδακτική της στατιστικής μπορεί να προάγει την ανάπτυξη της επαγωγικής σκέψης σε παιδιά μικρής ηλικίας, μέσα από άτυπες, βασισμένες σε δεδομένα προσεγγίσεις. Επίσης, υποδεικνύουν ότι η χρήση του δυναμικού λογισμικού στατιστικής έχει τη δυνατότητα να ενισχύσει τη διδακτική της στατιστικής μέσω του επαγωγικού στατιστικού συλλογισμού, ο οποίος είναι προσιτός στους νεαρούς μαθητές.
From anti-social policy to generalised insecurity: The Greek crisis meets the decline of the European Social Model
Authors: Papadopoulos Theo , Roumpakis Antonios
Published: July 2017

Our article examines key aspects of the Greek crisis and explores it under the light of the ongoing decline of the European Social Model. It is argued that the austerity measures implemented as conditions for receiving consecutive ‘bail-out’ loans have had, so far, a very negative impact upon the Greek economy, politics and society. Further, it is argued that labour market reforms underway inGreeceand the rest ofSouthern Europesignal some very worrying developments with respect to the social dimension of European integration. Indeed, especially in the area of collective agreements, when we view these reforms from a European perspective we can identify the rise of wage policy interventionism by the EU; a new process that ‘combines European requirements for national wage and labour market policies with the threat of economic sanctions’ (Busch et al (2013:8). In turn this signals the intensification of the (neo) liberalisation of the European Social Model and puts under severe doubt the prospects for a more socialEuropethat will prioritize social objectives and rights over economic freedoms.
Η Ευρωπαϊκή Στρατηγική για την Απασχόληση Αντιμέτωπη με την Οικονομική Κρίση
Authors: Καραμεσίνη Μαρία
Published: July 2017

Το άρθρο αυτό αναλύει και ερμηνεύει τις παρεκκλίσεις των κοινοτικών οργάνων από την Ευρωπαϊκή Στρατηγική για την Απασχόληση (ΕΣΑ) κατά τη διάρκεια της τρέχουσας κρίσης ως αποτέλεσμα της εγγενούς αδυναμίας της ΕΣΑ να αναγνωρίσει την κυκλική ανεργία. Υποστηρίζει ότι αυτή αποδείχθηκε εντελώς ακατάλληλη στο να εμποδίσει την αύξηση της ανεργίας στην Ε.Ε. και τις χώρες μέλη, που δημιούργησε η τρέχουσα κρίση κατά την πρώτη φάση. Γι’ αυτό και τα Ευρωπαϊκά Συμβούλια αρχικά ενέκριναν την εφαρμογή σε εθνικό επίπεδο επεκτατικών δημοσιονομικών πολιτικών και ενέταξαν τις πολιτικές διατήρησης των θέσεων εργασίας μεταξύ των έκτακτων μέτρων αντιμετώπισης της κρίσης. Από τα τέλη του 2009 οι αποφάσεις των κοινοτικών οργάνων επιδιώκουν συστηματικά τον περιορισμό των δημοσίων ελλειμμάτων στις χώρες μέλη της Ε.Ε., ενώ η προ της κρίσης ΕΣΑ επανήλθε ατόφια με την νέα στρατηγική «Ευρώπη 2020». Όπως η παλιά, έτσι και η νέα ΕΣΑ, αναγνωρίζει ως μόνο πρόβλημα τη διαρθρωτική ανεργία και αγνοεί επιδεικτικά τις επιπτώσεις της ύφεσης και της μειωμένης ενεργού ζήτησης στην απασχόληση. Τα πακέτο προτάσεων της Ευρωπαϊκής Επιτροπής για την πολιτική απασχόλησης που ανακοινώθηκε το 2012, με άξονα τα ενεργητικά μέτρα ενίσχυσης της ζήτησης εργασίας και τα μέτρα ευελιξίας του χρόνου και των συμβάσεων εργασίας που διατηρούν την απασχόληση, αποτελεί έμμεση παραδοχή της αποτυχίας της ΕΣΑ να αποτελέσει το αντίβαρο της υφεσιακής οικονομικής πολιτικής που ασκείται ταυτόχρονα σε όλες τις χώρες της ευρωζώνης και εκτός αυτής. Ωστόσο είναι και αυτό εντελώς ακατάλληλο να αντιμετωπίσει τα εκρηκτικά ποσοστά ανεργίας των χωρών της περιφέρειας της ευρωζώνης, που είναι προϊόν της βαθειάς ύφεσης που έχουν προκαλέσει και τροφοδτούν οι πολιτικές παρατεταταμένης λιτότητας.
Ευελισφάλεια σε Περίοδο Κρίσης: Ισόρροπη Ανάπτυξη των Συνιστωσών Δυνάμεων ή Ετεροβαρείς Μεταρρυθμίσεις;
Authors: Κούγιας Κωνσταντίνος
Published: July 2017

Η μελέτη επιχειρεί  να διερευνήσει την εφαρμογή της ευελισφάλειας ως εργαλείο πολιτικής της αγοράς εργασίας την περίοδο της κρίσης του 2008 και της συνακόλουθης και παρατεταμένης ύφεσης στην Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση. Μελετά τις βασικές διαστάσεις της έννοιας της, όπως αυτή αναπτύσσεται στο ενωσιακό θεματολόγιο, εξετάζει τις παρεμβάσεις στις αγορές εργασίας και τις υιοθετούμενες πολιτικές απασχόλησης στη Δανία, τη Γερμανία και την Ελλάδα και ερμηνεύει τα αποτελέσματα προσέγγισης /απόκλισης από τις αρχές της ευελισφάλειας, υπό το φως των ιδιαίτερων συνθηκών των εθνικών αγορών εργασίας και των πολιτικών λιτότητας που αποτελούν κοινό τόπο στον ευρωπαϊκό χώρο.
Συμφιλίωση Επαγγελματικής - Οικογενειακής / Προσωπικής Ζωής: Νομοθετικές Παρεμβάσεις για τους / τις φροντιστές / τριες (Carers) στην Ελλάδα
Authors: Νταλάκα Ελένη
Published: July 2017

Η συμφιλίωση επαγγελματικής-οικογενειακής/προσωπικής ζωής αποτελεί ένα από τα κεντρικά πεδία δράσης για την εφαρμογή πολιτικών προώθησης της ισότητας των φύλων. Πέραν των εργαζόμενων γονέων, μία άλλη κατηγορία ατόμων που χρειάζεται να αντιπαλέψουν με ιδιαίτερες δυσκολίες για να ανταποκριθούν στις επαγγελματικές και τις οικογενειακές απαιτήσεις είναι οι φροντιστές/τριες, δηλαδή τα άτομα που φροντίζουν σε τακτική βάση άρρωστους/ες, ανάπηρους/ες ή ηλικιωμένους/ες συγγενείς/φίλους μεγαλύτερους/ες των 15 ετών και τα οποία συνιστούν αυξανόμενο τμήμα του εργατικού δυναμικού. Θεωρώντας ότι το θέμα των εργαζόμενων φροντιστών/τριών έχει πολλαπλές διαστάσεις και άπτεται καίριων ζητημάτων (αναγνώριση του «κοινωνικού χρόνου», επαναπροσδιορισμός εννοιών όπως εργαζόμενος/η, εργοδοσία, κ.λπ.), η εργασία αυτή εξετάζει την προσέγγιση του θέματος από την Πολιτεία, όπως αυτή εκφράζεται στο σχετικό νομοθετικό πλαίσιο. Παράλληλα, προβαίνει σε μια συνοπτική θεώρηση του χειρισμού του ζητήματος σε επίπεδο Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης αλλά και μεμονωμένων κρατών-μελών και καταλήγει σε προτάσεις για τον σχεδιασμό ολοκληρωμένων παρεμβάσεων για τη συμφιλίωση επαγγελματικής-οικογενειακής/προσωπικής ζωής των φροντιστών/τριών.