bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Could video glasses contribute to behaviour management in the 21st century?
Authors: Casaus Abdullah , Patel Biraj , Brown Laura , Coomaraswamy Kristian
Published: August 2017

Dental fear in the paediatric population can be a significant barrier to providing optimal dental care. Pharmacological management techniques utilized to manage anxiety, such as conscious sedation and general anaesthesia, are expensive and require specialized equipment with additional staff training. With recent advances in technology, video glasses are an economic and novel distraction technique that may aid in improving behaviour management and facilitate dental treatment.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Nervous children may find difficulty in accessing care owing to their inability to co-operate and accept dental treatment. This paper describes an innovative technique that may aid the clinician in overcoming this barrier.
Sore or swollen lips part 3: diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Malamos Dimitrios , Scully Crispian
Published: August 2017

This series of three papers reviews the causes, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and outlines the management of sore and/or swollen lips.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Sore and/or swollen lips are not uncommon, often have a local cause but may reflect a systemic disease. The previous 2 papers in the series discussed their causes. This paper reviews their diagnosis and treatment.
The paradoxes of phantom bite syndrome or occlusal dysaesthesia (‘dysesthesia’)
Authors: Kelleher Martin G , Rasaratnam Lakshmi , Djemal Serpil
Published: August 2017

Phantom bite syndrome was first described by Marbach over 40 years ago as a mono-symptomatic hypochondriacal psychosis. He used the term to describe a prolonged syndrome in which patients report that their ‘bite is wrong’ or that ‘their dental occlusion is abnormal’ with this causing them great difficulties. This strong belief about ‘their bite’ being the source of their problems leads to them demanding, and subsequently getting, various types of dentistry carried out by multiple dentists and ‘specialists’. Sadly, even after exhaustive, painstaking, careful treatment, none of the dental treatments manages to solve their perceived ‘bite problems’. This is because they suffer from a psychiatric illness involving a delusion into which they continue to lack insight, in spite of the failures of often sophisticated dental treatments. 1 ,2 ,3

In summary, dental practitioners, or other specialists, who suspect that they might be dealing with such a problem should refer these patients early on for specialist management by an appropriate specialist within the secondary care settings, preferably before they get trapped into the time-consuming quagmire of their management. A ‘Phantom Bite Questionnaire’, which is available to download free, might help.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article aims to provide professionals in various fields with guidelines on detecting, diagnosing and managing patients with Phantom Bite Syndrome (PBS). This is desirable in order to prevent extensive, or unnecessarily destructive, or unstable dental treatment being undertaken on such patients in a vain attempt to solve their problems with ‘dentistry’ when, in fact, these are really due to underlying mental health issues.

WARNING

Phantom bite patients are often highly resistant to being referred to psychiatrists as they lack insight into their behaviour. They often complain if even a gentle suggestion is made of a possible referral to a psychiatrist. They remain resolutely convinced that if they could only get someone competent enough to get their ‘bite right’ then all their problems would be solved.
Case report: single visit indirect pulp cap using biodentine
Authors: Patel Shanon , Vincer Louise
Published: August 2017

This case describes a novel indirect pulp capping approach to managing gross caries in a healthy tooth.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: The importance of a thorough clinical examination, including a CBCT scan, is explained. The rationale for single visit use of Biodentine is described.
Surgical emphysema: a rare complication of a simple surgical dental extraction without the use of an air-driven rotor
Authors: Gowans Keegan , Patel Muneer , Lewis Khari
Published: August 2017

Surgical emphysema is a rare complication of dental extractions, often associated with the use of high-speed air rotors. This report describes a case of extensive surgical emphysema following a simple surgical extraction of a LL6 under local anaesthetic. There was no use of air-driven handpieces during the procedure. The patient developed extensive surgical emphysema bi-laterally in both cervical neck and facial planes. After prophylactic antibiotics with careful monitoring in a secondary care setting, the patient made a full unremarkable recovery.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Simple extraction of teeth is a procedure carried out daily by most general dental practitioners. However, the risk of surgical emphysema without the use of high-speed air rotors or instruments using pressurized air/water is not well known or documented.
The immune system: basis of so much health and disease: 2. innate immunity
Authors: Scully Crispian , Georgakopoulou Eleni A , Hassona Yazan
Published: August 2017

The immune system is the body's primary defence mechanism against infections, and disturbances in the system can cause disease if the system fails in defence functions (in immunocompromised people), or if the activity is detrimental to the host (as in auto-immune and auto-inflammatory states). A healthy immune system is also essential to normal health of dental and oral tissues. This series presents the basics for the understanding of the immune system, this article covering innate immunity.

Clinical Relevance: Modern dental clinicians need a basic understanding of the immune system as it underlies health and disease.
Dental unit water lines and their disinfection and management: a review
Authors: Pankhurst Caroline L , Scully Crispian , Samaranayake Lakshman
Published: August 2017

The perceived threat to public health from dental unit water line (DUWL) contamination comes from opportunistic and respiratory pathogens such as Legionella spp, Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) and pseudomonads. These organisms can grow and multiply in the DUWL biofilm to reach infective concentrations, with the potential for inhalation leading to respiratory infections or direct contamination of surgical wounds. In this paper we discuss current legislation and practical methods for delivering water within the DUWL that meets the standards for safety.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Understanding the clinical relevance and methods for decontaminating DUWL is essential to create a safe working environment in dentistry.
Complications of an ageing dentition part 1: occlusal trauma and cracked teeth
Authors: Murchie Bryan Daniel
Published: August 2017

A growing problem in dentistry is complications associated with failing amalgam restorations that have been in place for many years. At present, there is a wide variety of treatment options available in the clinician's armamentarium when this situation arises, however, without the correct diagnosis, the prognosis for the tooth may quickly diminish, despite the clinician's best efforts. A confusing array of symptoms and failures may confound even the most experienced dentist, which will inevitably lead to invasive and time consuming approaches in a desperate attempt to rectify the initial problem. This paper, the first part of a three-part series, discusses the possible aetiological factors responsible for restoration failure, including occlusal issues and cracks within the tooth structure. The second part of the series will focus on restorative options and root-treated teeth. The third, and final, part of the series will provide an overview of the previous papers and conclude with a case report.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Failure of amalgam restorations is a commonly encountered clinical problem in general practice and no one case presents in the same way. A competent diagnosis regarding the occlusion and tooth structure, followed with implementation of the most appropriate, minimally invasive treatment option, requires an adequate knowledge of current literature.
The immune system: basis of so much health and disease: 3. adaptive immunity
Authors: Scully Crispian , Georgakopoulou Eleni A , Hassona Yazan
Published: August 2017

The immune system is the body's primary defence mechanism against infections, and disturbances in the system can cause disease if the system fails in defence functions (in immunocompromised people), or if the activity is detrimental to the host (as in auto-immune and auto-inflammatory states). A healthy immune system is also essential to normal health of dental and oral tissues. This series presents the basics for the understanding of the immune system; this article covers adaptive immunity.

Clinical Relevance: Dental clinicians need a basic understanding of the immune system as it underlies health and disease.
Dietary advice – getting the message across
Authors: Raindi Devan , Thornley Peter
Published: August 2017

Providing dietary advice to our patients forms the cornerstone of prevention for many dental diseases. However, simply prescribing information is unlikely to bring about long-term behavioural change. This article explores the theory of health behaviour as well as ways in which we can ‘get the message across’.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Prescriptive approaches to behaviour changes can be considered inconsistent and ineffective. This article explores more patient-centred methods of inducing behaviour change with regard to dietary advice in the general dental practice setting.
Complications of an ageing dentition part 2: restorative management options
Authors: Murchie Bryan Daniel
Published: August 2017

This is the second-part of this three-part series. The first paper discussed the occlusal and cracked tooth aetiological factors which may be responsible for restoration failure. This paper will outline the restorative options for cracked and root canal-treated teeth. It will also briefly give an overview of some of the potential endodontic complications commonly associated with failed restorations. The third, and final, part of the series will provide an overview of the previous papers and conclude with a case report.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Failure of amalgam restorations is a commonly encountered clinical problem in general practice and no one case presents in the same way. Therefore, a competent endodontic diagnosis and implementation of the most appropriate, minimally invasive restorative option requires an adequate knowledge of the current literature.
Alcohol and the dental team: relevance, risk, role and responsibility
Authors: Shepherd Simon , Ogden Graham
Published: August 2017

An enquiry about alcohol use, whenever a patient presents for dental treatment, is now firmly established within the taking of a social history. Dental professionals are well placed to provide relevant alcohol advice. Indeed, it is now embedded within the training of undergraduates as required by the General Dental Council (GDC) in Preparing for Practice. 1 Practitioners therefore need to be aware of recent changes in alcohol guidelines commissioned by the UK Chief Medical Officers. This paper explores alcohol-related harm, screening tools to facilitate an enquiry, and our roles and responsibilities for providing alcohol advice accepting the limited time available within the dental appointment.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Alcohol has both local and systemic effects. Understanding these effects, the recently updated guidelines and available screening tools are important steps towards supporting dental professionals in the provision of alcohol-related advice.
Orthodontic and periodontal multidisciplinary care
Authors: Pye Gurpreet , Pye Andrew
Published: August 2017

Patients who are at risk of, or have a history of, periodontal disease requesting orthodontic treatment require careful multidisciplinary management in order to achieve optimal orthodontic and periodontal outcomes. An understanding of the periodontal tissues and the disease processes that can affect the periodontium is required by the orthodontist to ensure that patients are managed appropriately.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This paper discusses the multidisciplinary management of periodontal patients who require orthodontic treatment and methods for ensuring optimal outcomes.
The aetiology of malocclusion: a contemporary view
Authors: Fleming Padhraig S , DiBiase Andrew T , Cobourne Martyn T
Published: August 2017

Malocclusion is a common disorder associated with the orofacial region. Orthodontic treatment in isolation or combined with maxillofacial surgery is increasingly being sought for its correction. The aetiology of malocclusion has been debated since the first appliances were placed, with the relative importance of nature and nurture being unclear. We are beginning to understand that a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors produces deviation from what is considered to be the ideal occlusion. It is important for the practitioner to appreciate the aetiological factors as environmental factors can often be modified and are amenable to correction; however, malocclusion with a predominantly genetic basis is more difficult to manage.
Informed consent and orthodontic treatment
Authors: Campbell Oliver J , Gill Daljit S , Naini Farhad B
Published: August 2017

Informed consent is a fundamental component of good clinical practice and clinical governance. Dental practitioners must be aware of the principal factors that need to be addressed to ensure that consent is valid. This paper provides a comprehensive review of current English law on consent issues and relates these to proposed orthodontic treatment.
The control of pain in orthodontics
Authors: Salam Samer , Bearn David
Published: August 2017

This article looks at both conventional and alternative modalities of treating pain arising as a result of orthodontic treatment. The nature and effects of the pain are discussed, as well as causes during orthodontic treatment. Conventional pain controlling techniques are described with regard to pre- and post-treatment regimes. Alternative pain controlling techniques are also highlighted.
The use of adhesive disposal pads to minimize the risk of injury from orthodontic sharps: a case report
Authors: Sherlock Joseph , Pilley Francis A , Pilley John R , Morrant David
Published: August 2017

Risk management is an important aspect of any clinical governance programme and includes measures taken to minimize the risks that are encountered in everyday practice. This article presents a method of managing orthodontic sharps and also reports a case to show why this risk can be significant.
Short term and long-term treatment outcomes with the FR-3 appliance of frankel
Authors: McGuinness Niall
Published: August 2017

Levin AS, McNamara, JA, Franchi L, Baccetti T, Frankel C. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2008; 134: 513–524.
Why do orthodontic cases relapse?
Authors: Littlewood Simon J , Russell Joanne S , Spencer R James
Published: August 2017

Relapse is one of the commonest risk factors in orthodontics. Post-treatment changes following orthodontics could be due to periodontal or occlusal factors, but they can also be due to soft tissue changes and growth. Soft tissue changes and growth are beyond an orthodontist's control, and this explains the unpredictable nature of orthodontic relapse. Patients need to be informed of the unpredictable nature of relapse before they begin treatment, and the possible need for long-term retention to help reduce the amount of relapse.
The unusual loss of upper lateral incisor teeth
Authors: Abela Stefan , Atack Nikki , Day Christian
Published: August 2017

These case reports describe the unusual situation of the resorption of maxillary lateral incisors during the eruption of buccally positioned canine teeth.
Dens invaginatus as a microsymptom of canine ectopia: a case series
Authors: Alani Aws , Bishop Karl , Knox Jeremy
Published: August 2017

Canine ectopia is a frequently occurring orthodontic problem that has been previously linked to a variety of dental anomalies. We report a case series where the presence of ectopic canines has occurred in the presence of different severities of dens invaginatus in the adjacent lateral incisor. This observation has not been reported previously. The implications of this possible link are discussed.
Change of incisor inclination effects on points A and B.
Authors: McGuinness Niall
Published: August 2017

Al-Abdwani R, Moles DR, Noar JH. Angle Orthodontist 2009; 79: 462–467.
Book review
Authors: McGuinness Niall
Published: August 2017

Current Therapy in Orthodontics 1st edition. By Ravindra Nanda and Sunil Kapila. St Louis: Mosby Elsevier. ISBN 9780323054607.
The use of orthodontics in the treatment of localized recession defects associated with traumatic overbites
Authors: Bell Sarah , Parkin Nicola
Published: August 2017

The cases described in this paper both exhibited gingival recession defects labial to their mandibular incisors caused by their traumatic Class II division 2 malocclusions. One patient was treated simply with upper arch fixed appliance therapy, the second with surgical orthodontics. On completion of treatment, both patients displayed significant healing of their gingival recession defects without any periodontal surgery being undertaken. These cases highlight the importance of diagnosing the aetiology of the gingival recession defects to ensure referral to the appropriate dental specialty and the instigation of the most effective treatment.
Fusions and orthodontic treatment
Authors: Seehra Jadbinder , Coutts Fran
Published: August 2017

The term double tooth is used to describe fused teeth, gemination, twinning and concrescence. Fused teeth can be the cause of a local malocclusion manifesting as crowding or spacing. The aetiology of dental fusion is unclear, with both genetic and environmental factors suggested. Treatment options for fused teeth include: accept and align, reduction in size, extraction and surgical hemi-section. Successful management of these cases may involve a multidisciplinary approach.

The following is a description of a clinical case in which a fusion of the LL1 and LL2 presented in association with a complex malocclusion. The aetiology and management of fused teeth is discussed.
Progressive generalized idiopathic apical root resorption in an adolescent: a case report
Authors: Nazir Mariyah
Published: August 2017

This case report demonstrates the five-year progression of generalized idiopathic root resorption, found incidentally in an adolescent male presenting for orthodontic treatment. Management of the case is described and the potential sequelae of the condition are discussed.
Bilateral agenesis of mandibular canines in a patient with isolated cleft palate
Authors: Gadhia Kushal , Patel Naresh
Published: August 2017

The prevalence of hypodontia is less than 6.5% in the UK. This is, however, higher in the oral cleft population and commonly affects teeth within the cleft region. The incidence of missing mandibular canines is very low in non-cleft and cleft populations. There are very few cases reported in the literature, with an incidence of less than 0.1%. In this paper, we report a case of bilateral agenesis of mandibular canines in a patient with a cleft palate and discuss possible management options for hypodontia. The management involves a multidisciplinary approach involving general dental practitioners, paediatric dentists, orthodontists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons and restorative dentists. The teams work together to redistribute the space and/or restore spaces to achieve optimum aesthetics and function.
Multidisciplinary care – how should we manage the complex orthodontic-paediatric dentistry case? part 2
Authors: Parvizi Farnaz , John Rebecca , House Kate , Atack Nikki
Published: August 2017

This second article aims to outline the role of combined paediatric dentistry-orthodontic planning in the management of complex cases of the developing dentition. Case studies have been used to highlight those patients who would most benefit from such a combined approach.

Clinical Relevance: This paper highlights the more uncommon yet challenging cases which may present in the mixed dentition, requiring a joint paediatric and orthodontic approach.
Longitudinal involvement of the psychologist in services for people born with a cleft lip and/or palate: CLP series part 3
Authors: Hammond Vanessa
Published: August 2017

This paper provides an overview of the longitudinal role of psychologists within the multidisciplinary team (MDT) working with people born with a cleft lip and/or palate and their families. The role of the psychologist is described using a lifespan model, outlining the psychological issues and giving examples of different service models. The role of psychology with special groups of patients, within the MDT and across the broader service network, is also described.

Clinical Relevance: Understanding psychological issues pertinent for people born with a cleft lip and/or palate and their families. Also, understanding the role of the psychologist as part of the multidisciplinary team working with people born with a cleft lip and/or palate and their families.
Digit sucking – what to do
Authors: Clover Matthew , Hobson Ross
Published: August 2017

Dentists are often questioned by anxious parents about the effects of digit sucking and the possible ways of stopping their child's habit. This article discusses the aetiology, prevalence and effects of digit sucking, various means of stopping the habit and the problems that may occur if digit sucking persists into the permanent dentition.

Clinical Relevance: Digit-sucking habits can have a detrimental effect on the development of the occlusion. Various methods are discussed to help children to stop.
A dentigerous cyst containing an ectopic canine at the infra-orbital rim: a case report
Authors: Dobbyn Lorna , Benington Philip , Devlin Mark
Published: August 2017

This case report demonstrates the spontaneous eruption of a maxillary canine from the infra-orbital margin after marsupialization of a dentigerous cyst.

Clinical Relevance: Dental practitioners should be aware of the presentation of dentigerous cysts, their possible effect on the position of associated teeth, and the indications for urgent referral of such cases. The need to examine radiographs carefully for ectopic teeth in unexpected positions should also be appreciated.
Severe bimaxillary dento-alveolar proclination with hyperdivergent jaw bases treated with temporary anchorage devices: a case report
Authors: Gandedkar Narayan H , Revankar Ameet V
Published: August 2017

The article describes the orthodontic treatment of a 19-year-old female with severe bimaxillary dento-alveolar proclination and severely hyperdivergent jaw bases. Clinical and cephalometric analyses denoted it to be a critical anchorage case. Accordingly, with the aim of providing absolute anchorage, temporary anchorage devices (TADs) were placed in all four quadrants in the inter-radicular area of the second premolar and first molar, following extraction of all first premolars. Facial aesthetics improved considerably, fullness of the upper and lower lip reduced and incompetency of the lips was eliminated. The application of TADs not only reduced the antero-posterior discrepancy, but also addressed the vertical problem.

Clinical Relevance: The treatment of critical anchorage, hyperdivergent cases with conventional orthodontics has always remained a challenge, with a greater chance of an unsatisfactory treatment outcome. The use of TADs has changed the scenario with the concept of absolute anchorage coming closer to reality.
The orthognathic management of cleft lip and palate skeletal discrepancy: CLP series part 9
Authors: Knox Jeremy , Extence Helen , Hammond Vanessa , Hunt Jenny , Sugar Adrian
Published: August 2017

A patient with a repaired cleft of lip and/or palate (CLP) may develop dentofacial disproportion, classically a Class III skeletal and inter-arch relationship, due to an underlying maxillary hypoplasia. The definitive correction of the dental and facial aesthetic and functional problems associated with this anomaly requires a multidisciplinary input involving orthodontists, surgeons, speech therapists and psychologists. A successful outcome is dependent on a close working relationship between these disciplines and a planned care pathway that is adapted to patient needs. This paper outlines such a care pathway.

Clinical Relevance: This paper offers the clinician an understanding of a multidisciplinary approach to the orthognathic management of a patient with cleft lip and palate.
Restorative management of the cleft patient: CLP series part 10
Authors: Ali Rahat , Nixon Peter J , Chan Martin F W-Y
Published: August 2017

This article describes the role of the restorative dentist in the multidisciplinary management of cleft lip and palate patients. The various clinical presentations and restorative challenges are outlined. The restorative treatment of cleft patients requires the use of a wide range of different clinical skills and techniques to achieve oral rehabilitation. The various treatment modalities are described and range from minimally invasive adhesive techniques to conventional fixed and removable prosthodontics, obturators and the use of dental implants. The eventual restorative outcomes are related to the initial severity of the defect and the degree of success of the previous surgical and orthodontic interventions.

Clinical Relevance: This article will be of interest to clinicians, technicians, dental care professionals and other members of the team who are involved in the oral rehabilitation of cleft patients.
Early multidisciplinary management of an adolescent patient with severe hypodontia
Authors: Barry Siobhan , Shargill Indy , Houghton Nadine
Published: August 2017

This article describes the multidisciplinary management of a 9-year-old boy who presented with severe hypodontia. Treatment included preventive dentistry and early treatment to address his concerns regarding the poor aesthetic appearance of his anterior teeth. This included composite resin restoration of his upper permanent central incisors and a pre-adjusted edgewise appliance to close the diastema. A unique restorative technique was used to retain the closed diastema and restore the spaces of the missing lateral incisors.

Clinical Relevance: To illustrate the importance of multidisciplinary dental care in the treatment of patients with severe hypodontia.
Role of the ear nose and throat specialist within the multidisciplinary cleft team: CLP series part 11
Authors: Wynne David M , Gillgrass Toby J
Published: August 2017

A cleft involving the palate can have a significant impact on children in relation to their hearing and airway. A normally functioning ear is important for hearing and therefore speech production. Airway difficulties in children with a cleft may be divided into neonatal, post-operative and long-term and may necessitate both acute and long-term management. As a consequence the Ear Nose and Throat specialist plays an important role within the cleft multidisciplinary team.

Clinical Relevance: Hearing problems in children and adults with a cleft may lead to difficulties in communication between patient and dental practitioner. The patients may also be undergoing long-term airway-related management that may impact on their regular attendance.
The non-surgical approach to close an anterior open bite – a case report
Authors: Kirk Lynda , Smith Anne-Marie , Murray Alison
Published: August 2017

Anterior open bites are notoriously difficult to correct. A case is described where a 26-year-old Caucasian female with an anterior open bite, due to a previous persistent digit-sucking habit, is treated successfully with upper and lower fixed appliances and skeletal anchorage to intrude the posterior teeth. This remained stable one year post treatment.

Clinical Relevance: Clinicians should be aware that the posterior teeth in patients with mild to moderate anterior open bites can be intruded successfully with temporary anchorage devices.
Symphyseal angle: an angle to determine skeletal pattern using panoramic radiographs
Authors: Ajmera Shreya N , Venkatesh Shivanand , Ganeshkar Sanjay V , Sangamesh B , Patil Anand K
Published: August 2017

The aim of this article is to derive an angle using panoramic radiographs which is as reliable as lateral cephalometric norms in determining the skeletal growth pattern. The sample size consisted of 60 OPGs of patients with normodivergent growth pattern evaluated from cephalometric radiographs. The mean Symphyseal Angle (SA) obtained was 134.1 ± 2.1 and correlation tests showed high, negative and statistically significant correlation for both Basal Plane Angle (BPA) 1 and Frankfurt Mandibular Plane Angle (FMA) (p = 0.0063) and a positive correlation was shown with the Jarabak Ratio (JR) 2 (p = 0.032). The Symphyseal Angle derived was helpful in determining the skeletal pattern of the craniofacial structure.

Clinical Relevance: This paper demonstrates the use of the Symphyseal Angle to determine skeletal growth pattern using panoramic radiographs.
Orthodontic therapists and their integration into the orthodontic team
Authors: Hodge Trevor , Scott Paul , Thickett Eleanor
Published: August 2017

There have been significant changes in the way in which orthodontics has been delivered since the last major workforce study was undertaken. The major change has been the introduction of orthodontic therapists in the UK. This paper aims to outline for the general dental practitioner the role of orthodontic therapists, including their scope of practice, along with discussion regarding their integration into specialist orthodontic practice in both the primary and secondary care setting, illustrated in part from the authors' experience.

Clinical Relevance: This article aims to outline how orthodontic therapists work as part of the orthodontic team, the procedures they can undertake, along with discussion regarding their integration into specialist orthodontic practice in both the primary and the secondary care setting.
Idiopathic external apical root resorption: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Waldon Kate , Spencer James , Barker Christopher S
Published: August 2017

This report presents an interesting case of idiopathic external apical root resorption (IEARR) affecting the non-occluding teeth in a 20-year-old Caucasian male patient with a Class III malocclusion. A review of the current literature is reported and the presenting features of the patient are discussed.

Clinical Relevance: Root resorption evident prior to treatment can impact on the possibility of orthodontic treatment. This interesting case highlights a clinical need for treatment and also that root resorption can occur without active orthodontic forces.
Patient preference for the dress code of male and female orthodontists
Authors: Singh Parmjit
Published: August 2017

A questionnaire was used to determine child orthodontic patient preferences for the dress code of their orthodontist. Participants were asked the importance of how their orthodontist dressed and to select the most appropriate dress code from a range of outfits. Two hundred participants completed the questionnaire (age range 10–17 years). Almost two-thirds of respondents (64.5%) placed some importance on the dress code of their orthodontist.

Clinical Relevance: To determine the preference of child orthodontic patients on the dress code of their orthodontist.
Rapid maxillary expansion: a review of appliance designs, biomechanics and clinical aspects
Authors: Almuzian Mohammad , Short Laura , Isherwood Grant , Al-Muzian Lubna , McDonald Jim
Published: August 2017

Rapid maxillary expansion (RME) is an orthopaedic procedure that utilizes heavy forces to correct transverse maxillary arch discrepancies. There is a substantial body of literature relating to the various designs of RME devices and their clinical indications.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: To provide the dental practitioner and orthodontist with evidence-based facts about types, designs and uses of RME appliances and to promote understanding of their biomechanical effects.
Tunnel traction of impacted maxillary canine: a case report
Authors: Lodha Surendra , Mehta Siddharth , Raval Ruchi
Published: August 2017

This case report describes a surgical approach for the orthodontic treatment of deep infra-osseous impacted canines. This technique allows for orthodontic traction of the impacted tooth to the centre of the alveolar ridge, which results in a better periodontal outcome.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Use of a tunnel traction technique to treat deep infra-osseous canines.
Factors associated with discontinued and abandoned treatment in primary care orthodontic practice part 1
Authors: McDougall Neil I , McDonald Jim , Sherriff Andrea
Published: August 2017

Discontinued and abandoned cases are an undesirable outcome of orthodontic treatment. The first of this 2-part series will detail the different factors that play a role in this phenomenon. The second paper will describe a study that attempts to identify specific factors that are implicated in discontinued treatment within a specialist orthodontic practice.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Discontinued treatment is an unwelcome aspect of orthodontic practice. By having a better understanding of the factors that may be relevant, clinicians can be more careful in their selection and management of patients.
Can Pikachu die? Online fan conspiracy theories and the Pokémon gaming universe
Authors: Geraghty Lincoln
Published: August 2017

Pokémon, Nintendo’s globally recognized transmedia video game franchise, has an established international fan community. Regular releases of new toys, games, trading cards, books, television series, feature length films and now the Pokémon Go mobile app introduce new characters, creatures and extend the Pokémon narrative universe. Although, a consideration of the transmedia aspects of the Pokémon franchise is important, this article focuses more on the relationship between the narrative (the story of Ash’s travels meeting new characters and pokémon) and an ever-growing and creative fan culture online. I explore how fans use the narrative structure of the games and television series to create their own fanfic to fill in blanks and gaps in the backstories of characters and develop their own theories behind mysteries surrounding different versions of the games. The prevalence and popularity of these conspiracy theories suggest that fans are in a constant struggle to seek some sort of control over the Pokémon story, finding understanding within the universe of the games. While the Pokémon canon is expanded and routinely added to with new characters and regions created for new games, fan-created content and conspiracy theories serve to weave a more complex narrative web that highlights the importance of fan agency within the gaming community.
O Gestor Escolar e a Dinâmica Democrática na Educação
Authors: Melo Joeuda sandra Magalhães
Published: August 2017

A implementação de uma gestão escolar democrática é atualmente uma exigência da sociedade, que a entende como um dos possíveis caminhos para uma transformação social, onde a igualdade e o direito para todos aconteçam, de modo que perfil do administrador permita verdadeiras transformações sociais. Nesse sentido, objetivo deste artigo refere-se à necessidade de estudar e conhecer o perfil do gestor escolar na perspectiva educacional atual, analisar a temática da gestão escolar no âmbito estadual, público e privado. A composição desta pesquisa torna-se relevante porque servirá como base fundamental na minha formação como mestranda. A metodologia utilizada para a elaboração deste trabalho consiste na pesquisa bibliográfica realizada a partir de referencias publicada, analisada e discutida como contribuições culturais e cientificas. Ela constitui uma excelente técnica para fornecer ao pesquisador a bagagem teórica, de conhecimento, e o treinamento cientifico que habilitam a produção de trabalhos originais e pertinentes.
O Processo da Morte e do Morrer: Uma Visão dos Acadêmicos de Enfermagem
Authors: Ivo Olguimar Pereira , Pedroso Karina Oliveira
Published: August 2017

Os objetivos desse estudo foram relatar as reações e sentimentos despertados nos graduandos de enfermagem diante do processo da morte e do morrer e averiguar a relação feita pelo acadêmico de enfermagem quanto à adequação do conhecimento científico e o enfrentamento da morte. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva e exploratória, de natureza qualitativa, realizada com acadêmicos do 9° e 10° semestre do curso de enfermagem de uma Faculdade particular de uma cidade do Sudoeste da Bahia. Os acadêmicos entrevistados conceituaram a morte como uma passagem da vida humana para a vida espiritual, ausência dos sinais vitais, um processo doloroso e natural. A morte está presente cotidianamente na vida dos acadêmicos de enfermagem participantes desta pesquisa. Foi possível identificar o despreparo deles perante o processo de morte e morrer, o que causa sofrimento e revela que os sentimentos despertados são sempre negativos, evidenciando despreparo para o enfrentando da morte.
El proceso de configuración de las políticas públicas de gestión de residuos en La Plata entre 2002 y 2016
Authors: Saidón Mariana , Verrastro España
Published: August 2017

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Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) interaction as a resistance inductor factor in Brassica oleracea var. capitata
Authors: Crialesi Paula Cristina Brunini , Thuler Robson Thomaz , Iost Filho Fernando Henrique , Thuler Ana Maria Guidelli , Lemos Manoel Victor Franco , De Bortoli Sergio Antonio
Published: August 2017

Resistance of Plutella xylostella populations to chemical insecticides has made its management difficult, and the utilization of resistant cabbage cultivars has been shown to be a useful alternative. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the induction of cabbage plant resistance to P. xylostella using PGPR and injuries caused by the pest larvae as elicitors. Therefore, we evaluated the insects’ responses utilizing a specific bioassay. Furthermore, this assay was used for selecting a PGPR strain that affects the insect’s biology, and to examine molecular and biochemical responses of the plants influenced by the plant-microbe-insect interaction. Among the strains used in this study, Kluyvera ascorbata showed the most relevant results by influencing biological characteristics of the insect. Thus, the following tests demonstrated that the cited strain possesses a high influence on plant metabolism when it undergoes different types of stress such as injuries caused by the pest. These findings were determined from the different responses obtained by the chemical analyses of the tested plants and from the differentiation in the genetic sequences obtained from plants inoculated with or without PGPR that were injured by the pest. The PGPR K. ascorbata alters the metabolism of cabbage plants, which directs a specific plant defense against P. xylostella.
Análise geométrica de um canal aletado com transferência de calor por convecção mista através do Design Construtal
Authors: Altnetter Maicon Vinicius , Pereira Martim dos Santos , Isoldi Liércio André , De Oliveira Rocha Luiz Alberto , Do Amaral Rodriguez Bárbara Denicol , Dos Santos Elizaldo Domingues
Published: August 2017

O presente estudo numérico consiste em avaliar a geometria de um canal horizontal com duas aletas retangulares inseridas nas superfícies submetido a escoamentos bidimensionais, permanentes, laminares, incompressíveis e com convecção mista. A geometria varia de acordo com o método Design Construtal. As simulações foram realizadas com o fluido sendo o ar, com números de Prandtl e Reynolds constantes e iguais a Pr = 0,71 e ReH = 100 e para três diferentes números de Grashof, GrH = 103, 104 e 105. Foram solucionadas as equações de conservação de massa, de movimento e energia com uso do Método de Volumes Finitos. O principal objetivo é avaliar a influência da geometria das aletas retangulares inseridas no canal, bem como a distância entre elas, sobre a taxa de transferência de calor. No problema a área do canal e a área de ocupação da aleta em relação ao canal são as restrições geométricas do problema. Além disso, são avaliados três graus de liberdade: H1/L1 (razão entre altura e largura da aleta posicionada a montante no escoamento), H2/L2 (razão entre altura e largura da aleta posicionada a jusante no escoamento) e L3 (distância entre centros das aletas). Com essa análise realizada, o método Design Construtal permitiu uma melhoria significativa no desempenho térmico dos sistemas aletados, com uma diferença entre os mínimos e máximos globais de mais de 100% quando comparados aos mesmos parâmetros de escoamento. Os resultados mostraram a importância de realizar uma análise geométrica do problema proposto para melhorar o desempenho térmico do sistema.
Educando e conscientizando crianças a respeito do uso da água potável através de jogos
Authors: Martins Vinícius Borges , Luz Renan , Adamatti Diana Francisca
Published: August 2017

A expectativa de falta d’água num futuro próximo prova que a população mundial deve mobilizar-se, o quanto antes, para enfrentar o problema do desperdício nas atividades diárias. O seguinte artigo detalha o avanço do projeto de um “serious game” desenvolvido em HTML5 e JavaScript, para conscientizar crianças deste problema que já vem afetado a vida de muitas pessoas ao redor do mundo.
Verificação de um modelo computacional para a flambagem elástica de placas ortotrópicas
Authors: Lima João Paulo Silva , Ramos André Pereira , Carvalho Fernanda Santana , Rocha Luis Alberto Oliveira , Dos Santos Elizaldo Domingues , Real Mauro de Vasconcellos , Isoldi Liércio André
Published: August 2017

Placas ortotrópicas possuem vigas dispostas longitudinalmente e transversalmente, chamadas de enrijecedores, com o objetivo de aumentar a resistência mecânica. Porém, a presença de enrijecedores acarreta em dificuldades na análise da tensão crítica de flambagem, uma vez que se tem uma gama maior de variáveis a serem analisadas, além de se tornarem os modos de flambagem mais complexos. Tendo essa dificuldade na solução analítica para placas enrijecidas, métodos numéricos e experimentais se tornam essenciais. Sendo assim, empregou-se o Método dos Elementos Finitos, utilizando o software ANSYS para a análise da tensão crítica de flambagem de placas com enrijecedores. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com as soluções analíticas e aproximadas disponíveis na literatura, mostrando uma fidelidade entre os resultados numéricos do modelo proposto e as soluções analíticas, verificando assim o modelo computacional proposto.
Verificação de um modelo computacional baseado no método de elementos finitos aplicado à flambagem biaxial de placas delgadas laminadas
Authors: Da Silveira Thiago , Lima João Paulo Silva , Real Mauro de Vasconcellos , Rocha Luiz Alberto Oliveira , Dos Santos Elizaldo Domingues , Isoldi Liércio André
Published: August 2017

Placas finas perfuradas são muito utilizadas nas indústrias naval e aeronáutica. Em se tratando de meios oceânicos, placas laminadas apresentam uma grande vantagem em relação ao aço, a resistência à corrosão marinha. Porém, um fenômeno de instabilidade conhecido como flambagem elástica pode surgir, comprometendo a integridade da estrutura, quando essas placas finas estão submetidas a cargas de compressão. Dois modelos computacionais são avaliados para que se comprove a eficiência do Método de Elementos Finitos, através do software comercial ANSYS®, com a utilização do elemento de casca SHELL281. Duas placas são verificadas, uma primeira retangular sem perfurações e uma segunda placa, retangular, com a aplicação de um furo circular central. Observou-se que o SHELL281 pode ser adequadamente utilizado para a análise da carga crítica de flambagem elástica em placas de material compósito, com ou sem furos. Também, quando se trata de uma placa com furo, percebe-se que a carga crítica de flambagem reduz à medida que a espessura da placa diminui. Para placas perfuradas, quando variando uma razão do comprimento da placa em relação ao eixo x pela espessura (L/h), entre 20 e 100, chega-se à conclusão que a menor carga crítica de flambagem (L/h = 100) representa apenas 0,88% da melhor carga crítica obtida, quando L/h = 20.
Quantifying the dynamics of electroencephalographic (EEG) signals to distinguish alcoholic and non-alcoholic subjects using an MSE based K-d tree algorithm
Authors: Hussain Lal , Aziz Wajid , Saeed Sharjil , Shah Saeed Arif , Nadeem Malik Sajjad A. , Awan Imtiaz Ahmed , Abbas Ali , Majid Abdul , Kazmi Syed Zaki Hassan
Published: August 2017

In this paper, we have employed K-d tree algorithmic based multiscale entropy analysis (MSE) to distinguish alcoholic subjects from non-alcoholic ones. Traditional MSE techniques have been used in many applications to quantify the dynamics of physiological time series at multiple temporal scales. However, this algorithm requires O(N
2), i.e. exponential time and space complexity which is inefficient for long-term correlations and online application purposes. In the current study, we have employed a recently developed K-d tree approach to compute the entropy at multiple temporal scales. The probability function in the entropy term was converted into an orthogonal range. This study aims to quantify the dynamics of the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals to distinguish the alcoholic subjects from control subjects, by inspecting various coarse grained sequences formed at different time scales, using traditional MSE and comparing the results with fast MSE (fMSE). The performance was also measured in terms of specificity, sensitivity, total accuracy and receiver operating characteristics (ROC). Our findings show that fMSE, with a K-d tree algorithmic approach, improves the reliability of the entropy estimation in comparison with the traditional MSE. Moreover, this new technique is more promising to characterize the physiological changes having an affect at multiple time scales.
“Konkoor Giant”, a narrative of high school female students from Gorgan, Iran
Authors: Arab Sahar , Ziaei Tayebe , Behnampour Nasser , Khoori Elham
Published: August 2017

Background

The university entrance exam or Konkoor is a determining event for the Iranian adolescents and their families. It is considered as the most important opportunity for adolescents for creating their ideal futures. Hence, regarding the importance of this exam and its accompanying pressures during the critical and stressful adolescence period, this study describes adolescents’ perspective about what make them worried about the university entrance exam.

Methods

This study is based on responses of 500 high school female students to an open-ended question completed in their class. In total 482 adolescents wrote down their answers. Using quantitative content analysis, these statements were analyzed.

Results

The findings showed that three categories including “individual” category (87.90%) with three subcategories; Konkoor’s outcome, readiness for Konkoor, self-blame, and “family” category (7.12%) with three subcategories; consequences of failure, family expectations, family conflicts, and “religious- socioeconomic” category (4.98%) with three subcategories; religion, financial status, educational policies as the main adolescents concern sources about the university entrance exam.

Conclusion

Considering the high concerns of female adolescents about the university entrance exam and the pressures that they receive from their families, society, and even themselves, modifying the educational policies, applying some measures to promote knowledge, and gaining required skills to deal with different aspects of such concerns are necessary for adolescents and their parents.