bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phosphorus limitation of aboveground production in northern hardwood forests
Authors: Goswami Shinjini , Fisk Melany C. , Vadeboncoeur Matthew A. , Garrison‐Johnston Mariann , Yanai Ruth D. , Fahey Timothy J.
Published: December 2017

Forest productivity on glacially derived soils with weatherable phosphorus (P) is expected to be limited by nitrogen (N), according to theories of long‐term ecosystem development. However, recent studies and model simulations based on resource optimization theory indicate that productivity can be co‐limited by N and P. We conducted a full factorial N × P fertilization experiment in 13 northern hardwood forest stands of three age classes in central New Hampshire, USA, to test the hypothesis that forest productivity is co‐limited by N and P. We also asked whether the response of productivity to N and P addition differs among species and whether differential species responses contribute to community‐level co‐limitation. Plots in each stand were fertilized with 30 kg N·ha−1·yr−1, 10 kg P·ha−1·yr−1, N + P, or neither nutrient (control) for four growing seasons. The productivity response to treatments was assessed using per‐tree annual relative basal area increment (RBAI) as an index of growth. RBAI responded significantly to P (P = 0.02) but not to N (P = 0.73). However, evidence for P limitation was not uniform among stands. RBAI responded to P fertilization in mid‐age (P = 0.02) and mature (P = 0.07) stands, each taken as a group, but was greatest in N‐fertilized plots of two stands in these age classes, and there was no significant effect of P in the young stands. Both white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) and beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) responded significantly to P; no species responded significantly to N. We did not find evidence for N and P co‐limitation of tree growth. The response to N + P did not differ from that to P alone, and there was no significant N × P interaction (P = 0.68). Our P limitation results support neither the N limitation prediction of ecosystem theory nor the N and P co‐limitation prediction of resource optimization theory, but could be a consequence of long‐term anthropogenic N deposition in these forests. Inconsistencies in response to P suggest that successional status and variation in site conditions influence patterns of nutrient limitation and recycling across the northern hardwood forest landscape.
Spin State Crossover, Vibrational, Computational, and Structural Studies of FeII 1‐Isopropyl‐1H‐tetrazole Derivatives
Authors: Smeets Valentin , Wolff Mariusz , Wolny Juliusz A. , Schünemann Volker , Dîrtu Marinela M. , Ge Jun‐Yi , Vanacken Johan , Moshchalkov Victor , Garcia Yann
Published: December 2017

Mononuclear complexes of formula [Fe(iptz)6]X2 {X = BF4– (1), ClO4– (2); iptz = 1‐isopropyl‐1H‐tetrazole} have been synthesized and characterized spectroscopically and structurally. These materials display a gradual and incomplete spin conversion around 95 K on cooling, as well as a reversible thermochromic effect. This magnetic behavior was satisfactorily simulated using the Sorai and Seki domain model (ΔH = 5.9 kJ mol–1, ΔS = 57 J mol–1 K–1 for 1, and ΔH = 5.4 kJ mol–1, ΔS = 63 J mol–1 K–1 for 2). Although spin crossover was observed earlier on a powdered sample of 1, we present the X‐ray crystal structure and magnetic properties of the crystalline compound for the first time. The crystal structures of four new iron complexes are also provided: two polymorphs of [Fe(iptz)4(NCS)2] (3), and compounds [Fe(iptz)4Cl2] (4) and [Fe(iptz)2(H2O)2(CH3SO3)2] (5). Compound 3, which is the first FeII mononuclear thiocyanato complex with coordinated 1‐R‐1H‐tetrazole ligands, is a high‐spin complex. DFT computations enabled the estimation of the spin state energies for the trans and cis isomers of [Fe(iptz)4(NCS)2] as well as the [Fe(iptz)6]2+ cation. The stereoisomerism in 3 related to the mutual orientation of the ligand rings was also studied, along with π‐acceptor properties of the iptz ligand, which are modified by the orientation of the coordinated ligand. The dependence between the Fe–N(CS) distance and the electronic energy of the tilt of the coordinated thiocyanato anion for trans‐[FeL2(NCS)2] and trans‐[FeL4(NCS)2] complexes is discussed, based on the comparison of X‐ray data and DFT modelling for selected complexes.
Regioselective Nucleophilic Additions to Diiron Carbonyl Complexes Containing a Bridging Aminocarbyne Ligand: A Synthetic, Crystallographic and DFT Study
Authors: Agonigi Gabriele , Bortoluzzi Marco , Marchetti Fabio , Pampaloni Guido , Zacchini Stefano , Zanotti Valerio
Published: December 2017

Diiron µ‐aminocarbyne compounds, 1a–e, are prepared in two steps from Fe2Cp2(CO)4, negating the need for difficult purification procedures of intermediate species; they are efficiently isolated by alumina chromatography. Minor amounts of µ‐aminocarbyne aryl isocyanide compounds, 2a–c, are obtained as side products. The structures of the cations in 1a,c,e are calculated using DFT; the carbyne carbon is generally predicted to be the thermodynamic site of hydride addition, in agreement with a previous experimental finding concerning 1a. Accordingly, the reaction of 1e with NaBH4 affords a bridging aminocarbene complex, 4, in 85 % yield. Otherwise, the reaction of 1c with NaBH4 yields the aminocarbyne–cyclopentadiene derivative 3 (70 %), presumably as a consequence of the steric protection exerted by the xylyl–methyl groups towards the carbyne moiety. The sequential treatment of 1a,c with Li2CuCNMe2 and MeSO3CF3 affords 5a,b, comprising both aminocarbyne and alkoxycarbene ligands. In accordance with DFT calculations, the alkoxycarbene moiety in 5a is the most favourable site for nucleophilic attack. Thus, the reactions of 5a with NH2R (R = Et, iPr) and NBu4CN, respectively, give the aminocarbyne/aminocarbene complexes, 6a,b, and the aminocarbyne‐α‐cyanoalkyl 7. All the products are fully characterized by spectroscopic and analytical methods; moreover, the structures of 1a, 1d, 6a and 7 are elucidated by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies.
Rare‐Earth Complexes with the 5,5′‐Bitetrazolate Ligand – Synthesis, Structure, Luminescence Properties, and Combustion Catalysis
Authors: Chesnokov Gleb A. , Topchiy Maxim A. , Asachenko Andrey F. , Muravyev Nikita V. , Grishin Leonid I. , Nikiforova Anna S. , Utochnikova Valentina V. , Rybakov Victor B. , Khrustalev Victor N. , Nechaev Mikhail S.
Published: December 2017

A complete series of complexes of the lanthanides and yttrium (except radioactive Pm) with the 5,5′‐bitetrazolate (BT2–) ligand were synthesized from sodium 5,5′‐bitetrazolate and available rare‐earth (RE) salts. Eight new complexes were structurally characterized by single‐crystal XRD. The [M(BT)(H2O)7]2[BT]·6H2O [M = Pr (1), Gd (2)] complexes are isomorphous and consist of [M(BT)(H2O)7]+ ions in which only one BT2– ligand acts as a chelate for each metal center. The complexes [M(H2O)8]2[BT]3·4H2O [M = Y (3), Dy (4), Ho (5), Tm (6), Yb (7), Lu (8)] are saltlike compounds that do not exhibit any significant metal–nitrogen contacts. Luminescence was very informative for the determination of the number of inner‐sphere coordinated water molecules in the solid samples. Despite its low luminescence intensity owing to its high hydrate composition, the deuterated europium complex exhibited an internal quantum yield of 44 %. The catalytic activities of the 5,5′‐bitetrazolate salts for the decomposition and combustion reactions of energetic materials were tested. Although no effect was found for nitramine (HMX) explosive, the impact of the salts on the thermolysis of ammonium perchlorate (AP) was established. The addition of 5 % [Dy(H2O)8]2[BT]3·4H2O decreases the temperature at the maximum reaction rate by 100 °C. The catalytic effect during combustion is apparently masked by the inhibitory influence of water; however, for [Pr(BT)(H2O)7]2[BT]·6H2O, a 20 % increase in the AP burning rate was observed.
Synthesis and Unusual Properties of Tetragonal Pb‐Containing Oxymolybdates Based on La2MoO6
Authors: Voronkova Valentina , Kharitonova Elena , Orlova Ekaterina , Gorshkov Nikolay , Goffman Vladimir
Published: December 2017

Polycrystalline (PbO)x(La2MoO6)(1–x)/2 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.34, 0.4) samples have been prepared by solid‐state reactions near 900 °C. Phase‐pure compounds with the layered tetragonal La2MoO6 structure have been obtained in the range 0 ≤ х ≤ 0.34. Pb doping of La2MoO6 has been shown to cause an unusual effect: a reversible phase transition at 775 °C, accompanied by a jump in electrical conductivity by two orders of magnitude (superionic transition) and an anomaly in permittivity, which is related to the structural features of oxymolybdates.
Enantioselective Deuteration of β‐Substituted α,β‐Unsaturated Esters by Rhodium‐1,2‐Bis(2,5‐diphenylphospholano)ethane
Authors: Lethu Sébastien , Ano Hikaru , Murata Michio , Matsuoka Shigeru
Published: December 2017

We report an efficient method for the synthesis of a chiral C‐CHD‐CHD‐C unit in threo form, which enables the asymmetric conformational analysis of straight alkyl chains. The vicinal dideuterated compound was constructed by enantioselective catalytic deuteration of β‐substituted α,β‐unsaturated esters. To obtain an enantiomeric excess > 90 %, it was crucial to utilize a rhodium catalyst with 1,2‐bis(2,5‐diphenyl‐phospholano)ethane (PhBPE) ligand. The substrate was derivatized with a chiral methyl mandelate ester for the dual purposes of carboxylate protection and providing a direct read‐out of enantiomeric excess via 1H NMR spectroscopy. Due to the steric bulk of PhBPE, enantioselectivity was controlled almost exclusively by catalyst stereochemistry, regardless of the chirality of the mandelate moiety in the substrate. The present study provides a robust method for catalytic asymmetric deuteration of β‐substituted α,β‐unsaturated esters.
Total Synthesis of the Anticancer Marine Natural Product Mycalol
Authors: Nageswara Rao K. , Kumar Katragunta , Ghosh Subhash
Published: December 2017

This communication describes a synthetic study of the originally proposed structure of mycalol (1) and the total synthesis of the actual structure of the anticancer marine natural product mycalol (2). The total synthesis of the originally proposed structure of mycalol (1) was targeted by a late‐stage asymmetric dihydroxylation, which resulted in an inseparable mixture of diastereomers. Thus a new strategy was developed for the total synthesis of the revised structure of mycalol (2); all the stereocentres except the C‐2′‐OH were created in an asymmetric fashion by using a Maruoka allylation, a Noyori asymmetric reduction, and an asymmetric alkynylation.
Unique Properties of 1,5‐Naphthyridin‐2(1H)‐one Derivatives as Environment‐Polarity‐Sensitive Fluorescent Dyes
Authors: Yokoo Hidetomo , Ohsaki Ayumi , Kagechika Hiroyuki , Hirano Tomoya
Published: December 2017

1,5‐Naphthyridin‐2(1H)‐one is structural component of the fluorescent natural products amarastelline A and nigakinone. Herein, we synthesized several 1,5‐naphthyridin‐2(1H)‐one derivatives and evaluated their fluorescence properties to examine their potential application as fluorescent probes. Among them, compounds that contain a 3‐hydroxyl group have unique solvent‐dependent fluorescence properties, that is, they exhibit stronger fluorescence in polar and protic solvents. The further installation of an 8‐phenyl group resulted in a shifted fluorescence in different solvents. Our results indicate that the 1,5‐naphthyridin‐2(1H)‐one scaffold would be a valuable and useful fluorophore that displays intense fluorescence relative to known bicyclic fluorophores such as hydroxyquinoline. Our findings suggest that the 1,5‐naphthyridin‐2(1H)‐one scaffold would be practical as an environment‐polarity‐dependent fluorophore, that is, for the development of sensors to detect structural changes in proteins and biomolecular interactions.
Development and Characterization of Needle‐type Ion‐selective Microsensors for in situ Determination of Foliar Uptake of Zn2+ in Citrus Plants
Authors: Church Jared , Armas Stephanie M. , Patel Parth K. , Chumbimuni‐Torres Karin , Lee Woo Hyoung
Published: December 2017

For over a decade, the incidence of Huanglongbing (HLB) has grown at an alarming rate, affecting citrus crops worldwide. Current methods of nutrient therapy have little to no effect in alleviating symptoms of HLB, and scarce research has been put forth towards non‐destructive tools for monitoring zinc transport in citrus plants. Here, we have developed and characterized a solid contact micro‐ion‐selective electrode (SC‐μ‐ISE) for the determination of zinc transport in sour orange seedlings using a non‐invasive microelectrode ion flux estimation (MIFE) technique. The SC‐μ‐ISE displayed a 26.05±0.13 mV decade−1 Nernstian response and a LOD of (3.96±2.09)×10−7 M. Results showed a significant Zn2+ uptake in the leaves and roots of sour orange seedlings when bulk concentrations were higher than 5.99 mM. Above this concentration, a linear relationship between flux and bulk Zn2+ concentration was observed. This relationship suggests passive diffusion may be a key mechanism for Zn transport into plants. Overall, this study is the first to use a Zn2+ SC‐μ‐ISE for the determination of ion transport processes in plants. This novel tool can be used to further knowledge the effect of nutrient therapy and disease progression on HLB infected citrus plants.
A tripartite mode of action approach for investigating the impact of aneugens on tubulin polymerization
Authors: Stock Valerie , Sutter Andreas , Raschke Marian , Queisser Nina
Published: December 2017

Chemical‐induced disruption of the cellular microtubule network is one key mechanism of aneugenicity. Since recent data indicate that genotoxic effects of aneugens show nonlinear dose‐response relationships, margins of safety can be derived with the ultimate goal to perform a risk assessment for the support of drug development. Furthermore, microtubule‐interacting compounds are widely used for cancer treatment. While there is a need to support the risk assessment of tubulin‐interacting chemicals using reliable mechanistic assays, no standard assays exist to date in regulatory genotoxicity testing for the distinction of aneugenic mechanisms. Recently reported methods exclusively rely on either biochemical, morphological, or cytometric endpoints. Since data requirements for the diverse fields of application of those assays differ strongly, the use of multiple assays for a correct classification of aneugens is ideal. We here report a tripartite mode of action approach comprising a cell‐free biochemical polymerization assay and the cell‐based methods cellular imaging and flow cytometry. The biochemical assay measures tubulin polymerization over time whereas the two cell‐based assays quantify tubulin polymer mass. We herein show that the flow cytometric method yielded IC50 values for tubulin destabilizers and EC50 values for tubulin stabilizers as well as cell cycle information. In contrast, cellular imaging complemented these findings with characteristic morphological patterns. Biochemical analysis yielded kinetic information on tubulin polymerization. This multiplex approach is able to create holistic effect profiles which can be individually customized to the research question with regard to quality, quantity, usability, and economy. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:188–201, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hummock corridors in the south‐central sector of the Fennoscandian ice sheet, morphometry and pattern
Authors: Peterson Gustaf , Johnson Mark D.
Published: December 2017

Subglacial conditions strongly influence the flow of ice‐sheets, in part due to the availability of melt water. Contemporary ice sheets are retreating and are affected by increased melting as climate warms. The south Swedish uplands (SSU) were deglaciated during the relatively warm Bølling‐Allerød interval, and by studying the glacial landforms there it is possible to increase the understanding of the subglacial environment during this period of warming. Across the study area, vast tracts of hummocks have long been recognized. However, recent mapping shows a pattern of elongated zones of hummocks radially oriented, hereafter referred to as ‘hummock corridors’. Morphometric parameters were measured on the hummock corridors using a 2 m horizontal resolution digital elevation model. Corridor width varies between 0.2 and 4.9 km and their length between 1.5 and 11.8 km. A majority of hummock corridors are incised in drumlinised till surfaces. The pattern of hummock corridors shows a clear relation to the overall ice‐flow. Further, hummock corridors do not follow topographic gradients, and in at least one place an esker overlies hummocks on the corridor floor. The lateral spacing of hummock corridors and corridor morphology are similar to tunnel valleys, eskers and glaciofluvial corridors reported elsewhere. Such relationships support a subglacial genesis of the corridors in the SSU by water driven by the subglacial hydraulic gradient and that hummock corridors are forms that can be identified as tunnel valleys and glaciofluvial corridors (GFC). Ages were assigned to hummock‐corridor cross‐sections from a deglacial reconstruction of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet. By comparing the frequency of corridors per age interval with climate variations from a Greenland ice core, we hypothesize that an increase in the number of corridors is related to the Bølling‐Allerød warming, indicating a higher rate of delivery of surface melt water to the bed at this time. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How pixel size affects a sediment connectivity index in central Belgium
Authors: Cantreul Vincent , Bielders Charles , Calsamiglia Aleix , Degré Aurore
Published: December 2017

Connectivity has become an increasingly used concept in hydrological and sediment research. In order to quantify it, various indices have been proposed since the start of the 21st century including the index of connectivity. This index is based on a limited number of factors, the most important one being topography. Sediment connectivity indices values probably depend on the digital elevation model (DEM) resolution. The aim of this study was, first, to compare the effect of DEM pixel size (between 0.25 and 10 m, using an UAV) in the Belgian loess belt, a lowland area. We show that the index values were lower when the pixel size decreased (a difference of about 20% in value between 0.25 and 10 m). In addition, the impact of linear features in the watershed (e.g. grass strip, bank and road) was lower with the largest pixel sizes, and the connectivity pattern was affected with a pixel size of 5 m or more. At lower pixel sizes (1 m or below), some more disconnected regions appeared. These corresponded with zones where there had been water stagnation during and after rainfalls, and was corroborated by field observations. This confirmed the need for a proper resolution according to the objectives of the study. The second aim of this study was to deduce a minimum pixel size for connectivity study, helping local erosion or sedimentation location and consequent land management decisions. In our context, 1 m stands as the optimum DEM resolution. This pixel size permitted location of all ‘key areas’ in terms of erosion. Very high resolutions (<0.5 m) did not generate much more information, and their calculation time was far greater. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CPS‐Rater: Automated Sequential Annotation for Conversations in Collaborative Problem‐Solving Activities
Authors: Hao Jiangang , Chen Lei , Flor Michael , Liu Lei , von Davier Alina A.
Published: December 2017

Conversations in collaborative problem‐solving activities can be used to probe the collaboration skills of the team members. Annotating the conversations into different collaboration skills by human raters is laborious and time consuming. In this report, we report our work on developing an automated annotation system, CPS‐rater, for conversational data from collaborative activities. The linear chain conditional random field method is used to model the sequential dependencies between the turns of the conversations, and the resulting automated annotation system outperforms those systems that do not model the sequential dependency.
An Empirical Investigation of the Potential Impact of Item Misfit on Test Scores
Authors: Kim Sooyeon , Robin Frederic
Published: December 2017

In this study, we examined the potential impact of item misfit on the reported scores of an admission test from the subpopulation invariance perspective. The target population of the test consisted of 3 major subgroups with different geographic regions. We used the logistic regression function to estimate item parameters of the operational items based on the empirical data accumulated over 3 years. A new set of item parameter estimates derived using the data from each subgroup separately was compared to the original (i.e., operational) item parameter estimates to assess the degree of item misfit due to subgroup memberships. Using the new set of item parameter estimates for each subgroup, we also updated the conversion tables, which were derived from the original item parameter estimates, and compared them to their original conversions to determine whether score invariance was achieved at the scaled score level. Score invariance was not absolutely achieved. Even so, the magnitude of reported score differences (systematic error or bias) caused by subgroup dependence was still smaller than the standard error of measurement (random error) of the test. This study suggests a practical remedy for enhancing the level of score invariance of the test.
A field guide for cancer diagnostics using cell‐free DNA: From principles to practice and clinical applications
Authors: Volckmar Anna‐Lena , Sültmann Holger , Riediger Anja , Fioretos Thoas , Schirmacher Peter , Endris Volker , Stenzinger Albrecht , Dietz Steffen
Published: December 2017

Recently, many genome‐wide profiling studies provided insights into the molecular make‐up of major cancer types. The deeper understanding of these genetic alterations and their functional consequences led to the discovery of novel therapeutic opportunities improving clinical management of cancer patients. While tissue‐based molecular patient stratification is the gold standard for precision medicine, it has certain limitations: Tissue biopsies are invasive sampling procedures carrying the risk of complications and may not represent the entire tumor due to underlying genetic heterogeneity. In this context, complementary characterization of genetic information in the blood of cancer patients can serve as minimal‐invasive ‘liquid biopsy’. Fragments of circulating cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) are released from tissues of healthy individuals as well as cancer patients. The fraction of cfDNA that is released from primary tumors or metastases (i.e. circulating tumor DNA, ctDNA) represents genetic aberrations in cancer cells, which are a potential source for diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers. Recent studies have demonstrated technical feasibility and clinical applications including detection of drug targets and resistance mutations as well as longitudinal monitoring of tumors under therapy. To this end, a variety of pre‐analytical procedures for blood processing, isolation and quantification of cfDNA are being employed and several analytical methods and technologies ranging from PCR‐based single locus assays to genome‐wide approaches are available, which considerably differ in sensitivity, specificity, and throughput. However, broad implementation of ctDNA analysis in daily clinical practice requires a thorough understanding of theoretical, technical, and biological concepts and necessitates standardization and validation of pre‐analytical and analytical procedures across different technologies. Here, we review the pertinent literature and discuss the advantages and limitations of available methodologies and their potential applications in molecular diagnostics.
Nutritional and hematologic markers as predictors of risk of surgical site infection in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing major oncologic surgery
Authors: Son Ho‐Jin , Roh Jong‐Lyel , Choi Seung‐Ho , Nam Soon Yuhl , Kim Sang Yoon
Published: December 2017

Background

Surgical site infection is a complication of surgery for patients with head and neck cancer. We examined the risk factors for surgical site infection in patients undergoing surgery for head and neck cancer.

Methods

The study involved 369 patients who underwent surgery for head and neck cancer. Hematological and nutritional parameters were measured preoperatively and postoperatively. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the risk factors for surgical site infection.

Results

Of the 369 patients, 104 (28.2%) had surgical site infections: 45 (12.2%) superficial incisional; 6 (1.6%) deep incisional; and 53 (14.4%) organ/space infections. Multivariate analyses showed that history of radiotherapy, weight loss at diagnosis (>5%), preoperative hypoalbuminemia, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), reconstructive surgery, and tracheostomy were the independent factors predictive of surgical site infection. Patients with preoperative low serum albumin levels (<3.3 g/L) had a 3‐fold higher risk of surgical site infection.

Conclusion

Our study shows that patient nutritional and hematological markers are associated with the risk of surgical site infection after major surgery for head and neck cancer.
Hepatitis C transmission from seropositive, nonviremic donors to non–hepatitis C liver transplant recipients
Authors: Bari Khurram , Luckett Keith , Kaiser Tiffany , Diwan Tayyab , Cuffy Madison , Schoech Michael R. , Safdar Kamran , Blackard Jason T. , Apewokin Senu , Paterno Flavio , Sherman Kenneth E. , Zucker Stephen D. , Anwar Nadeem , Shah Shimul A.
Published: December 2017

Breakthroughs in hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment and rising rates of intravenous drug use have led to an increase in the number of organ donors who are HCV antibody–positive but serum nucleic acid test (NAT)–negative. The risk of HCV transmission from the liver grafts of these donors to recipients is unknown. To estimate the incidence of HCV transmission, we prospectively followed 26 consecutive HCV antibody–negative (n = 25) or NAT‐negative (n = 1) transplant recipients who received a liver graft from donors who were HCV antibody–positive but serum NAT‐negative between March 2016 and March 2017. HCV transmission was considered to have occurred if recipients exhibited a positive HCV PCR test by 3 months following transplantation. Drug overdose was listed as the cause of death in 15 (60%) of the donors. One recipient died 18 days after transplantation from primary graft nonfunction and was excluded. Of the remaining 25 recipients, HCV transmission occurred in 4 (16%), at a median follow‐up of 11 months, all from donors who died of drug overdose. Three of these patients were treated with direct‐acting antiviral therapy, with two achieving a sustained virologic response and one an end‐of‐treatment response. One patient with HCV transmission died after a complicated postoperative course and did not receive antiviral therapy. Conclusion: In this prospective cohort of non‐HCV liver recipients receiving grafts from HCV antibody–positive/NAT‐negative donors, the incidence of HCV transmission was 16%, with the highest risk conferred by donors who died of drug overdose; given the availability of safe and highly effective antiviral therapies, use of such organs could be considered to expand the donor pool. (Hepatology 2018;67:1673‐1682).
Mechanisms linking acculturation, work–family conflict, and subjective well‐being among Chinese immigrants in New Zealand
Authors: Shang Sudong , O'Driscoll Michael P. , Roche Maree
Published: December 2017

Work–family conflict (WFC) research has focused almost exclusively on nonimmigrant populations. To expand the understanding of WFC among immigrants, this longitudinal study (six‐month time lag) aimed to investigate the mechanisms linking acculturation, strain‐based WFC, and subjective well‐being. In order to do this, two theory‐based mediation models were developed and tested on a sample of 264 Chinese immigrants working in New Zealand using structural equation modeling. Results show that subjective well‐being mediated the effect of acculturation on strain‐based WFC, and acculturation did not directly influence strain‐based WFC. Furthermore, evidence was found for reciprocal relationships between strain‐based WFC and subjective well‐being, as well as for the same‐domain perspective. Strain‐based work interfering with family and strain‐based family interfering with work (two directions of strain‐based WFC) have significant effects on work‐related and family‐related well‐being, respectively, and vice versa. Overall, the present study provides an appropriate platform for future work–family research on immigrant populations and offers practical prescriptions for human resource managers to operate successfully within a diverse workplace.
Changes in evapotranspiration components following replacement of Eucalyptus regnans with Acacia species
Authors: Hawthorne Sandra N.D. , Benyon Richard G. , Lane Patrick N.J.
Published: December 2017

Forest species composition may change following a disturbance. This change can affect long term water yield from forested catchments when the replaced and replacement species have different evapotranspiration rates. Following strip‐thinning experiments that removed 50% of the overstorey basal area in several Eucalyptus regnans water supply catchments in south eastern Australia, Acacia spp. (Acacia dealbata and Acacia melanoxylon) became the dominant overstorey species in most of the cut strips. More recently, low regeneration of E. regnans following wildfires in 2009 may result in mixed Acacia and E. regnans stands in some catchments. We compared transpiration of E. regnans and Acacia stands in the uncut and cut strips of a catchment that was strip‐thinned in early 1980s (Crotty Creek). We also compared transpiration and throughfall in a mixed E. regnans–A. dealbata regrowth stand 20 years after clear‐fell logging (Road 8). Sap flow was measured for 13 and 6 months at Crotty Creek and Road 8, respectively. In both studies, mean daily sap flow density of Acacia spp. was lower than of E. regnans. Estimated Leaf Area Index of E. regnans stands was slightly greater than that of Acacia spp. Stomatal conductance (gc), estimated by inverting the Penman–Monteith equation, differed between the species suggesting species‐level physiological differences with Acacia being more sensitive to vapour pressure deficit than E. regnans. Throughfall measurements at Road 8 indicated interception was slightly higher in A. dealbata but only enough to offset about 13% of the difference in transpiration. Replacement of E. regnans by Acacia dominated stands may, therefore, decrease catchment evapotranspiration and increase streamflow.
Acne in late adolescence and risk of prostate cancer
Authors: Ugge Henrik , Udumyan Ruzan , Carlsson Jessica , Andrén Ove , Montgomery Scott , Davidsson Sabina , Fall Katja
Published: December 2017

Accumulating evidence suggest that Propionibacterium acnes may play a role in prostate carcinogenesis, but data are so far limited and inconclusive. The aim of this population‐based cohort study was therefore to test whether presence of acne vulgaris during late adolescence is associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer later in life. We identified a large cohort of young men born in Sweden between 1952 and 1956, who underwent mandatory assessment for military conscription around the age of 18 (n = 243,187). Test information along with health data including medical diagnoses at time of conscription was available through the Swedish Military Conscription Register and the National Patient Register. The cohort was followed through linkages to the Swedish Cancer Register to identify the occurrence of prostate cancer until December 31, 2009. We used Cox regression to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the association between acne in adolescence and prostate cancer risk. A total of 1,633 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer during a median follow‐up of 36.7 years. A diagnosis of acne was associated with a statistically significant increased risk for prostate cancer (adjusted HR: 1.43 95%; CI: 1.06–1.92), particularly for advanced stage disease (HR: 2.37 95%; CI 1.19–4.73). A diagnosis of acne classified as severe conferred a sixfold increased risk of prostate cancer (HR: 5.70 95% CI 1.42–22.85). Data from this large prospective population‐based cohort add new evidence supporting a role of P. acnes infection in prostate cancer.
Effect of disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drugs on therapeutic outcomes among women with endometriosis
Authors: Kotlyar Alexander , Shue Shirley , Liu Xiaobo , Falcone Tommaso
Published: December 2017

Objective

To determine whether disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) affect the use of hormonal treatments, subsequent ablative surgery, and need for pain management, including opioids, non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and anti‐depressants, among women with endometriosis.

Methods

In a retrospective study, data were reviewed from women with surgically confirmed endometriosis who were not treated (n=234) or treated with DMARDs for 6 weeks or more (n=25) before surgical diagnosis at a single healthcare system in the USA between 2003 and 2013. The postoperative use of hormonal treatments, proportion of women undergoing subsequent ablative surgery, and use of adjunct therapies such as antidepressants, steroids, and opioids after surgery were compared between the two groups.

Results

The two groups showed differences in age (P=0.007) and follow‐up time (P<0.001). Univariate analysis showed more frequent use of hormonal treatments (P=0.045) and antidepressants (P=0.006) among women treated with DMARDs. The frequency of post‐diagnostic use of opioids was lower among treated women (P=0.001); this association remained significant in multivariate analysis controlling for potential confounders (P=0.003).

Conclusion

The findings suggest that administration of DMARDs for at least 6 weeks is associated with decreased opioid usage among women with endometriosis.
Size‐specific net avoidance behavior leads to considerable under‐estimation of the biomass of Leptodora kindtii during day time sampling
Authors: Horppila Jukka , Laakso Sanna , Niemistö Juha , Nurminen Leena
Published: December 2017

Diurnal variation in the density, biomass, and individual size of the predatory cladoceran Leptodora kindtii in Lake Vesijärvi (southern Finland) was studied. Day and night sampling was conducted in July and August at 16 different study stations with net hauls from the bottom to the surface. Independently on the month, estimated biomasses were more than two times higher at night than at day. This was due to both higher density and larger individual length at night. The day‐night differences could not be explained by vertical or horizontal migrations or by bottom‐dwelling behavior by Leptodora, but were attributed to net avoidance. When light was present, more Leptodora were able to avoid the net haul than in the darkness. The avoidance was more effective by large adult individuals (>5 mm) than by juveniles, which amplified the day‐night difference in the population biomass estimate. In order to evaluate the role of large pelagic invertebrate predators in aquatic food webs, nighttime sampling should be used.
Inhibition of germinal vesicle breakdown in Xenopus oocytes in vitro by a series of substituted glycol ethers
Authors: Fort Douglas J. , Mathis Michael B. , Guiney Patrick D. , Weeks John A.
Published: December 2017

A 24 hour in vitro Xenopus oocyte maturation (germinal vesicle breakdown [GVBD]) assay developed by Pickford and Morris (Environmental Health Perspectives, 1999, 107, 285–292) was used to screen a series of substituted glycol ethers (GEs). Substituted GEs included: ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME); EG monoethyl ether (EGEE); EG monopropyl ether (EGPE); EG monobutyl ether (EGBE); EG monohexyl ether (EGHE); diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (DGME); triethylene glycol monomethyl ether (TGME); ethylene glycol monophenyl ether (EGPhE); EG monobenzyl ether (EGBeE); EG diphenyl ether (EGDPhE); and propylene glycol monophenyl ether (PGPhE). The GEs inhibited progesterone‐ or androstenedione‐induced GVBD with the following relative potency: EGPhE > PGPhE > EGME >> EGEE ≥ EGBeE > EGPE >> EGBE >EGHE > EGDPhE >> DGME ≥ TGME, or EGPhE >> PGPhE >> EGBeE > EGDPhE > EGEE > EGME > EGPE > EGBE, EGHE, DGME and TGME, respectively. Further, [3H]progesterone or [3H]androstenedione binding affinities to the oocyte plasma membrane progesterone receptor (OMPR) or classical androgen receptor (AR) were: EGME > EGPhE ≥ PGPhE ≥ EGEE > EGBeE >> EGPE >> EGBE ≥ EGHE > EGDPhE, TGME, and DGME, or EGPhE > PGPhE >> EGBeE > EGDPhE >> EGEE ≥ EGME >> EGPE, EGBE, and EGHE > DGME and TGME, respectively. Binary joint mixture studies with the GVBD model using flutamide (AR antagonist) and EGPhE indicated that flutamide/EGPhE mixture acted in a concentration additive manner. The effects of substituted GE series, however, may be mediated through the OMPR; the potency of EGPhE may be the result of bimodal inhibition of both the OMPR and AR pathways.
Label‐free imaging and spectroscopy for early detection of cervical cancer
Authors: Jing Yueyue , Wang Yulan , Wang Xinyi , Song Chuan , Ma Jiong , Xie Yonghui , Fei Yiyan , Zhang Qinghua , Mi Lan
Published: December 2017

The label‐free imaging and spectroscopy method was studied on cervical unstained tissue sections obtained from 36 patients. The native fluorescence spectra of tissues are analyzed by the optical redox ratio (ORR), which is defined as fluorescence intensity ratio between NADH and FAD, and indicates the metabolism change with the cancer development. The ORRs of normal tissues are consistently higher than those of precancer or cancerous tissues. A criterion line of ORR at 5.0 can be used to discriminate cervical precancer/cancer from normal tissues. The sensitivity and specificity of the native fluorescence spectroscopy method for cervical cancer diagnosis are determined as 100% and 91%. Moreover, the native fluorescence spectroscopy study is much more sensitive on the healthy region of cervical precancer/cancer patients compared with the traditional clinical staining method. The results suggest label‐free imaging and spectroscopy is a fast, highly sensitive and specific method on the detection of cervical cancer.
The Expanding Life and Functions of Osteogenic Cells: From Simple Bone-Making Cells to Multifunctional Cells and Beyond
Authors: Marie Pierre J , Cohen-Solal Martine
Published: December 2017

During the last three decades, important progress in bone cell biology and in human and mouse genetics led to major advances in our understanding of the life and functions of cells of the osteoblast lineage. Previously unrecognized sources of osteogenic cells have been identified. Novel cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling osteoblast differentiation and senescence have been determined. New mechanisms of communications between osteogenic cells, osteocytes, osteoclasts, and chondrocytes, as well as novel links between osteogenic cells and blood vessels have been identified. Additionally, cells of the osteoblast lineage were shown to be important components of the hematopoietic niche and to be implicated in hematologic dysfunctions and malignancy. Lastly, unexpected interactions were found between osteogenic cells and several soft tissues, including the central nervous system, gut, muscle, fat, and testis through the release of paracrine factors, making osteogenic cells multifunctional regulatory cells, in addition to their bone-making function. These discoveries considerably enlarged our vision of the life and functions of osteogenic cells, which may lead to the development of novel therapeutics with immediate applications in bone disorders. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
MicroRNA‐6869‐5p acts as a tumor suppressor via targeting TLR4/NF‐κB signaling pathway in colorectal cancer
Authors: Yan Shushan , Liu Guoyan , Jin Chengwen , Wang Zengfang , Duan Quanhong , Xu Jiang , Xu Donghua
Published: December 2017

Many studies have implicated that microRNAs (miRNAs), as non‐coding RNAs, play important roles in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, little is known about the role of a newly identified miRNA, miR‐6869‐5p, in CRC. We aim to investigate the modifying effects and underlying mechanisms of miR‐6869‐5 in colorectal carcinogenesis and progression. Significantly reduced levels of miR‐6869‐5p were observed in both serum exosomes tumor tissue samples from patients with CRC. The prediction of targets of miR‐6869‐5p in databases of targetscan, microRNA. ORG and miRDBA revealed that toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a potential target for this miRNA. MiR‐6869‐5p could inhibit cell proliferation and the production of inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α and IL‐6) in CRC cells via directly targeting TLR4. The protective effect of miR‐6869‐5p from colorectal carcinogenesis was dependent on TLR4/NF‐κB signaling pathway. In addition, the 3‐year survival was poor among CRC patients with decreased levels of miR‐6869‐5p in serum exosomes. Thus, miR‐6869‐5p may serve as a tumor suppressor in CRC, and serum exosomal miR‐6869‐5p is a promising circulating biomarker for the prediction of CRC prognosis.
Network analysis of hippocampal neurons by microelectrode array in the presence of HIV‐1 Tat and cocaine
Authors: Mohseni Ahooyi Taha , Shekarabi Masoud , Decoppet Emilie A. , Langford Dianne , Khalili Kamel , Gordon Jennifer
Published: December 2017

HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorders affecting greater than 30% of patients are caused by HIV‐1 infection of the CNS, and in part, include neurotoxic effects of the viral transactivator of transcription, Tat protein. In addition to increasing the risk for becoming HIV infected, cocaine abuse enhances the neuropathogenic impacts of HIV‐1. To investigate the outcome of Tat and cocaine interference in the hippocampal neuronal network, cross‐rank‐corrlation was employed to develop a systematic framework to assess hippocampal neurons behavior cultured on multielectrode arrays. Tat and cocaine differentially disturbed neuronal spiking rates, amplitude, synchronous activity, and oscillations within the hippocampal neuronal network via potentiation of inhibitory neurotransmission. The Tat‐mediated impairment of neuronal spiking was reversible by removal of Tat, which restored neuronal activity. The presence of astrocytes co‐cultured with neuronal networks diminished the effects of Tat and cocaine on neuron function suggesting a role for astrocytes in stabilizing neuronal behavior and increasing neuronal spontaneous activities such as bursting amplitude, frequency, and wave propagation rate. Taken together, our studies indicate that the HIV protein Tat and cocaine impair hippocampal neuronal network functioning and that the presence of astrocytes alleviates network dysfunction pointing to a newly discovered pathway through which ionic homeostasis is maintained by neuron‐glial crosstalk in the CNS.
Post‐diagnosis weight loss as a prognostic factor in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Mytelka Daniel S. , Li Li , Benoit Karin
Published: December 2017

Background

Cachexia and its most visible manifestation, weight loss, represent important poor prognostic factors for patients with non‐small cell lung cancer. This work examines how severity of weight loss as an indicator of cachexia affects outcomes.

Methods

In a retrospective observational study of electronic medical records, patients with non‐small cell lung cancer were monitored for weight loss from an initial assessment (within 2 months of index diagnosis) to a landmark at 5 months (at least 3 months after initial assessment). Patients who survived to the landmark were then followed to determine the association of baseline body mass index (BMI) and weight loss during the assessment period with outcomes. Patients were clustered to determine how BMI and weight loss related to survival as approximated by time of last appearance in the database, a strong proxy for time of death.

Results

Twelve thousand one hundred and one patients were divided into 5 cachexia risk groups based on a combination of weight loss and initial BMI. More severe groups demonstrated progressively worse outcomes, with the most severe group surviving for a median of 263 days (95% CI 254–274) from index and having a 1‐year survival rate of 31%. The least severe group survived for a median of 825 days from index (95% CI 768–908) and had a 1‐year survival rate of 78%. Cachexia risk group was a stronger predictor of survival than any baseline variable, including disease stage, performance status, or age.

Conclusions

In this study, we showed that increasing weight loss and, to a lesser extent, decreasing BMI, led to substantially worse outcomes for non‐small cell lung cancer patients independent of other variables. We suggest risk score groups that provide an improved approach for identifying poor prognosis patients with the greatest need.
Balloon‐occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration as a procedure to improve liver function in patients with decompensated cirrhosis
Authors: Nakazawa Manabu , Imai Yukinori , Uchiya Hiroshi , Ando Satsuki , Sugawara Kayoko , Nakayama Nobuaki , Tomiya Tomoaki , Mochida Satoshi
Published: December 2017

Aim

Portosystemic shunts aggravate liver function by decreasing portal blood flow. The usefulness of balloon‐occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (B‐RTO), a standardized therapeutic procedure for gastric fundal varices (GFV), for the improvement of liver function was evaluated in cirrhotic patients with or without varices.

Methods

The subjects were 161 patients with portosystemic shunts. A balloon catheter was inserted into the shunts, followed by the injection of 5% ethanolamine oleate through the catheter under balloon inflation. The balloon was kept inflated for 6 to 48 h.

Results

B‐RTO was performed as a therapy for GFV in 112 patients and for the improvement of liver function in 49 patients. The targets were splenorenal shunts in 104 patients (93.6%) in the former group and 33 patients (67.3%) in the latter group, and the procedures were successfully completed in 109 (97.3%) and 39 (79.6%) patients, respectively. In both groups, the serum albumin levels were increased and the serum ammonia levels were decreased at more than 1 month after the procedures, compared with the baseline levels, whereas significant improvements in the Child–Pugh scores and prothrombin times were only seen in the latter group. In these patients, the portal blood flows evaluated using Doppler ultrasound were increased at 1 week after the procedures, compared with the baseline levels.

Conclusions

B‐RTO is a useful therapeutic procedure for improving liver function even in patients without GFV by increasing the portal venous flow with successfully targeted, uncommon portosystemic shunts.
A Green Synthesis of Highly Functionalized 3‐amino‐2‐phenylsulfonyl‐1‐alkyl/aryl‐1H‐pyrazolo[1,2‐b]phthalazine‐5,10‐diones and Their Reduction and Photophysical Studies
Authors: Shi Xin , Ding Maohua , Li Conghao , Wang Wang , Guo Hongyun
Published: December 2017

3‐Amino‐2‐benzenesulfonyl‐1‐alkyl/aryl‐1H‐pyrazolo[1,2‐b]phthalazine‐5,10‐dione derivatives were synthesized by the one‐pot, three‐component condensation of phthalhydrazide, aldehydes, and (phenylsulfonyl)acetonitrile in EtOH using 2‐hydroxyethylammonium acetate as catalyst. The advantages of this method include environmental friendliness, easy work‐up, and excellent yields. The reduction of some products and photophysical properties were also investigated.