bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The image schemas of container and source-path-goal in the theory of psychodynamic defense mechanisms
Authors: Farhoudi Fateme , Tay Dennis
Published: October 2023

In this article, we evaluated the theory of defense mechanisms from the cognitive linguistics perspective. We chose two basic image schemas of container and path-goal and reviewed three psychodynamic psychotherapy textbooks and two psychology dictionaries to extract passages defining defense mechanisms by one of the selected image schemas. Seventeen defense mechanisms were extracted, categorized, and discussed according to their underlying image schemas. In conclusion, we suggest that the development of the defense mechanisms could be traced back to the early interactions of an infant with the physical environment. Moreover, there might be a relationship between the adaptive levels of the defense mechanisms and the chronological development of image schemas in an infant’s mind, e.g., defenses defined using the image schema of container are usually less adaptive than defenses defined using the image schema of path-goal.
Russian equivalents of the English over
Authors: Kalyuga Marika
Published: October 2023

The article deals with a comparative analysis of the English over and the Russian language items
that serve as its approximate translation equivalents. The main attention is on such Russian equivalents of over
as the prepositional phrases nad with the instrumental case, čerez with the accusative case,
za with the accusative case and po with the dative case, as well as the prefixes
pere- and pro-. The research is undertaken using the Cognitive linguistic framework or, more
precisely, the theory of conceptual metaphor. The aim of the article is to analyse the Russian language means of coding the
spatial relations that are similar to those expressed by the English over and to trace patterns of extension of
spatial meanings into non-spatial domains in these languages. The study reveals that although English is an analytic language and
Russian is a synthetic (fusional) language and, therefore, they use different means to express meanings, similar
conceptual-metaphorical motivations of semantic extensions can be traced in both languages.
Translating figurative language
Authors: Denroche Charles
Published: October 2023

This article brings together the extensive literature on figurative language and translation into a single framework to serve translators in a directly practical way in their practice/training. It encourages a view of figurativeness as the norm rather than the exception and figurative language as a flexible meaning-making resource rather than an obstacle to contend with. All language is characterized as figurative because of the indeterminacy of language and the partial nature of meaning making; all translation is viewed as non-literal because of the lack of exact correspondences between languages and the need to use near equivalents. Two approaches are recommended: (1) recreating the ‘semantic space’ of the source rather than mechanically matching its lexicogrammar; (2) viewing metonymy and metaphor as ‘master tropes’ and translating other tropes in terms of relatedness. The challenges of translating metonymy and metaphor in discourse at the level of the whole text are also explored.
Influencing mechanisms of weld root tip on microstructure and mechanical properties of electron beam welded joints of titanium alloy thick plates
Authors: Li F. S. , Wu L. H. , Zhao H. B. , Li H. J. , Xue P. , Ni D. R. , Ma Z. Y.
Published: October 2023

The welding of titanium alloy thick plates often formed a narrow weld seam in the weld root, named as ‘weld root tip’, because of insufficient fusion, which could reduce the joint properties. In this study, 30 mm-thick Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe alloy was butt welded via electron beam welding to reveal the influencing mechanisms of the weld root tip on joint microstructure and mechanical properties. The subparallel or parallel weld seam with the weld angles of 0°–3° between the centre line and edge of the fusion zone removed the weld root tip, achieving almost the same mechanical properties with those of the welding zone.
New analytical results in solid state physics using the Lambert W function
Authors: Houari Ahmed
Published: October 2023

Analytical solutions in physics are always preferred for the sake of mathematical completeness. For this, using the Lambert W function, I derive closed-form analytical expressions for the equilibrium interionic distance in an ionic crystal, the formation energy of a vacancy in a crystal, the zero-temperature energy gap of a clean-limit superconductor and the critical Kosterlitz–Thouless temperature for the phase transition in 2D-XY model. Besides their theoretical interest, some of the present results suggest alternative experimental determinations of the relevant physical quantities. In addition, I similarly derive an explicit analytical formula based on the Lambert W function for a determination of the Boltzmann constant. This formula is proposed here as a theoretical basis for an experimental method to measure this constant. This method is suitable for undergraduate physics students.
Unraveling the CMB lack-of-correlation anomaly with the cosmological gravitational wave background
Authors: Galloni Giacomo , Ballardini Mario , Bartolo Nicola , Gruppuso Alessandro , Pagano Luca , Ricciardone Angelo
Published: October 2023

Since the very first observations, the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) has revealed on large-scales unexpected features known as anomalies, which challenge the standard Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) cosmological model. One such anomaly is the “lack-of-correlation”, where the measured two-point angular correlation function of CMB temperature anisotropies is compatible with zero, differently from the predictions of the standard model. This anomaly could indicate a deviation from the standard model, unknown systematics, or simply a rare realization of the model itself. In this study, we explore the possibility that the lack-of-correlation anomaly is a consequence of living in a rare realization of the standard model, by leveraging the potential information provided by the cosmological gravitational wave background (CGWB) detectable by future gravitational wave (GW) interferometers. We analyze both constrained and unconstrained realizations of the CGWB to investigate the extent of information that GWs can offer. To quantify the impact of the CGWB on the lack-of-correlation anomaly, we employ established estimators and introduce a new estimator that addresses the “look-elsewhere” effect. Additionally, we consider three different maximum multipoles, denoted asℓmax, to account for the anticipated capabilities of future GW detectors (ℓmax= 4, 6, 10). Summarizing our findings for the case ofℓmax= 4, we identify the angular range [63∘- 180∘] as the region where future observations of the CGWB maximize the probability of rejecting the standard model. Furthermore, we calculate the expected significance of this observation, demonstrating that 98.81% (81.67%) of the constrained GW realizations enhance the current significance of the anomaly when considering the full-sky (masked)PlanckSMICA map as our CMB sky.
Power generation from footsteps using piezo electronic sensors
Authors: Joseph Christeena , Krishna G Sai , Sai M Bhaskar , Reddy N Sampath
Published: October 2023

This paper proposes power generation from footsteps using piezo electronic sensors. The major issue our country is facing is adequate power generation and its distribution to households and industries. Nowadays numerous power resources are present both in non-renewable and renewable forms, but still, it is not sufficient to meet the power requirements. This paper exploits the human population as one of the resources and power generation is done from the walking or running activities of human beings and using the piezoelectric effect. The generated power is then stored and utilized for driving small power devices. This method is very effective when installed at places where people’s movement is dense.
Design of FPGA Based Robot Arm Controller Using Verilog HDL
Authors: Noorbasha Fazal , Yogeshwar K , Mahendra Reddy Y , Jain Neelesh Kumar , Verma Ashish , Kishore Kakarla Hari
Published: October 2023

This article describes the controlling of robot arm using different operations with choice. It is a programmable arm to hold and place the objects. Also it can change the position of the objects. The addition features are added to robotic arm using a reprogrammable FPGA mechanism. The robotic arm parts are jointed to give flexible move and rotate movements. We have used spartan3 FPGA to implement and test the robot arm conditions. We have used digital controlling inputs to control the robot arm directions.
A dual-band U-shaped microstrip antenna for 5G mmWave applications
Authors: Chandrasekhar Rao J , Srinivasa Rao U , Vinod Kumar M , Sreenivasa Rao D
Published: October 2023

This research proposes a compact dual-band patch antenna for 5G mmWave wireless communication applications. The 5 × 4.8 × 0.508 mm3 sized antenna is made of Rogers RT/duroid 5880(tm) dielectric material and is fed via a 50-Ω microstrip feedline. A rectangular slot was used on the radiating patch to create resonance at the 30GHz band from 29.2GHz to 31GHz. Another slot was etched from the ground to obtain another resonance at 49GHz from 48GHz to 50.1GHz. The S11 of -10dB and VSWR of less than 2 indicates that the designed bands have strong impedance matching capabilities. Peak gain of 4.99 dBi at 30GHz and 7.39 dBi at 49GHz are attained, as well as maximum radiation efficiency of more than 90% and sustained omnidirectional radiation characteristics are achieved. The results demonstrate that the suggested antenna is appropriate for next-generation wireless applications.
Exploration of Spodoptera frugiperda natural enemies on Zea mays cultivation area
Authors: Asmanizar  , Waridha A , Simbolon F M , Sumantri E
Published: October 2023

The insect pest Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda is a new invasive pest in Indonesia and potential as a major pest on maize. Maize field at two area (highlands and lowlands) were studied for natural enemies exploration of S. frugiperda in North Sumatra, namely Deli Serdang District, Langkat, Karo and Dairi. Two maize planting areas attack by S. frugiperda from each district were selected. Plants sample that showed symptoms of S. frugiperda attack were taken by taking S. frugiperda larvae (live or dead), egg groups and insect predator. All insect presence in the area was collected. The egg and larva of S. frugiperda were kept in a laboratory until the parasitoid and pathogen emergence. The result showed that the predator found were Coccinelidae, Dermaptera (Euboriellia sp) at all surveyed area, but Sycanus sp (Reduviidae) found at Langkat District and Rhynocoris sp. found at Karo and Dairi. Tachinidae parasitoid was found at Dairi District. Spodotera fugiperda larva infected by fungi was found at Deli Serdang and Langkat district.
Identification of the distribution and characteristics of local sago from Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: Yusuf D N , Leomo S , Rakian T C , Sutariati G A K , Rahni N M , Samai S
Published: October 2023

In eastern Indonesia, particularly Southeast Sulawesi, sago is an important commodity as a carbohydrate-producing plant. Carbohydrate output can reach 15-24 tons ha-1 annually, surpassing rice, corn, and wheat. Southeast Sulawesi, notably the Kendari mainland, relied on sago starch until rice became the predominant carbohydrate source. Sago starch, like other basic starches, has no taste. Sago does not contain fat or protein, so it must be eaten alongside other local foods that do. Sago palms grown naturally produce 2–5 tons of dry starch per hectare. With 500 sago clumps per acre of varied ages, 100 trees might be harvested annually. Well-maintained farms can generate 150 kg of starch palm and 15 tons ha−1. Currently, only 5,912 ha are planted with sago, from the total area in 1985 was 13,000 ha. Sago development requires characterizing and identifying Kendari Southeast Sulawesi’s local sago. The results showed that there were three dominant types of local sago in Kendari, namely sago molat, sago tuni and sago borowila, originating from the main sago production centres in Kendari such as in Tobimeita, Abeli and Pohara.
The effect of planting material and organic fertilizer on growth of elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus oncophyllus Prain.)
Authors: Rahmawati N , Kardhinata E H , Savana B D
Published: October 2023

Elephant foot yam plants have the potential to be developed in Indonesia, planting material has an important role in the propagation and reproduction of elephant foot yam. The selection of the right organic fertilizer raw materials will have a positive effect on the growth and production of the growth of elephant foot yam plants and the environment. The research was conducted on Research Land of Centre for Roots and Tuber Study, Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Sumatera Utara and implemented August 2021 - January 2022. The study used a randomized block design with two factors. This study aims to determine the effect of the two planting materials (bulbil and tuber) and 3 types of organic fertilizer (chicken manure, goat manure, cow manure and without organic fertilize) on the growth of elephant foot yam. The results of this experiment showed that planting material had a significant effect on height of first shoot, number of leaves, and tuber weight but had no significant effect on number of bulbils. All observed parameters increased significantly with the addition of organic fertilizers. The treatment that gave the best elephant foot yam plants growth results was bulbil as a planting material and the application of chicken manure.
Growth of arabica coffee seeds (Coffea arabica L.) Sigarar Utang Variety as a response of treatment of various growth regulators and types of shade
Authors: Sembiring L J , Damanik R I , Hanum C
Published: October 2023

Productivity of arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Sigarar Utang Variety in Indonesia is still relatively low, especially in Simalungun Regency, Sumatera Utara. Some factors that need to be considered in nurseries are growth regulator and shade. This study aims to find out information on the type of growth regulators and the best shade density for the growth of arabica coffee seedlings. The experiment was carried out from March to June 2022 in Nagori Ujung Bawang, Simalungun Regency and Research Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatra Utara. The experiment used a Split Plot Design consisting of 2 factors and repeated 3 times. The first factor (main plot) consists of 4 levels, namely without shade, 50%, 70%, and 90% shade, while the second factor (sub-plot) consists of 3 levels are auxin growth regulator, cytokinin, and the combination of auxin with cytokinin. The results showed that the interaction of shade treatment and growth regulators had a significant effect on root canopy ratio. Root canopy ratio had a significant effect on the interaction of 90% shade treatment and a combination of auxin cytokinin of 5.27 g.
The role of Molybdenum in relation to Rhizobium sp. in increasing biological Nitrogen fixation and soybean growth
Authors: Hasanah Y , Hanum H , Harahap N A , Harahap A S
Published: October 2023

Soybean is a legume that can form a mutualism symbiosis with Rhizobium bacteria to bind N. Increasing the effectiveness of N fixation by Rhizobia requires the role of micronutrient Molybdenum (Mo), because Mo is needed for nitrate reductase enzyme for NO3
- assimilation. The objective of the research was to evaluate the role of Mo and Rhizobium sp. inoculation in the growth of soybean and increase the root nodules number. A factorial randomized block design was used in the research. The first factor was inoculation of Rhizobium sp. (0; 5 and 10 ml/plant), and the second factor was the application of Mo (0; 200; 400 and 600 g/ha). The research result showed that inoculation of Rhizobium sp. up to 10 ml/plant increased plant height, number of leaves and leaf area. Application of molybdenum up to 400 g/ha was able to increase the number of nodules formed. There was no significant interaction between Rhizobium sp. inoculation and application of Mo in all observed variables.
The content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) varieties with different method of cultivation and altitude
Authors: Hasanah Y , Mawarni L , Wirawan FR , Kurniawan I
Published: October 2023

Differences in altitude and plant cultivation methods greatly affect the nutrient content of shallot plants. The objective of the research is to evaluate differences in the nutrient content of N, P and K in two true shallot seeds (TSS) with different cultivation methods and altitude. The study was conducted in series in the highlands (Berastagi 1295 m asl) and in Medan (32 m asl) using a factorial randomized block design. The first factor is TSS varieties (Sanren F1 and Lokananta). The second factor is the cultivation method used based on the recommendation of the seed supplier, the recommendation for double production, the modification of the recommendation of the seed supplier and the modification of the recommendation for the double production). The results showed that the location, variety, cultivation and their interactions significantly affected the N, P andK content. In both Sanren F1 and Lokananta varieties, the use cultivation method from the recommendation of the seed supplier in highlands resulted in the highest P and K content compared to other treatment combinations. The use recommendation for double production in the lowlands in Sanren F1 and Lokananta varieties resulted in the highest N content compared to other treatment combinations.
The effect of fertilizer on the growth of dwarf banana cavendish (Musa acuminata L.) seedling under the natural shade
Authors: Muhidin  , Sadimantara G R , Hyudi L O M , Eviyani M , Yusuf D N , Leomo S
Published: October 2023

Banana is a very important fruit commodity. The demand for bananas is increasing every year but the land for banana development is increasingly limited. Therefore, it is necessary to develop banana as an insert plant. The lack of readily available banana seeds with consistent growth patterns is the primary barrier to the development of bananas. The purpose of this investigation is to find out how the development of banana seedlings is affected by varied concentrations of the NPK nutrient. The research conducted at Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University. The study arranged in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with different dose of NPK as treatment consisting of P0 = without NPK (control), P1 = 50 kg NPK ha−1, P2 = 100 kg NPK ha−1, P3 = 150 kg NPK ha−1 and P4= 200 kg NPK ha−1. The parameter examined are including plant height, leaves number and leaf area. According to the findings, the application of NPK had a discernible impact on the development of banana seedlings, based on the plant height, leaves number and leaf area. The growth of plant seeds is improving as a result of an increase in the amount of NPK that has been administered.
Sustainability policy analysis of cocoa intensification program in Gorontalo Province
Authors: Rouf A A , Retnawati E , Munawaroh S , Rusliyadi M
Published: October 2023

Cocoa is one of the main plantation crops grown in Gorontalo Province, but the productivity remains well below its potential. In order to increase productivity, the government has implemented a cocoa intensification program. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyse the sustainability of cocoa intensification program policy in Gorontalo Province. Primary data being obtained from interviews with respondents selected by simple random sampling. Multidimensional scaling analysis with the rapid appraisal technique for fisheries (RAPFISH) program was used to measure the sustainability index of cocoa intensification, along with an analysis of incomes and the adoption of cocoa cultivation technology. The results showed that intensification of cocoa farming increased productivity, with a level of 612 kg/ha/year and an income of IDR 6,281,592/ha/year. Conversely, without intensification, productivity values were 421 kg/ha/year and income were IDR 4,732,823/ha/year. Based on economic, social, and ecological aspects, the sustainability of cocoa intensification is categorized as sufficient. Cocoa intensification program needs to be continuously developed in Gorontalo in the future.
Processing coconut husk waste to gain profit in Tanjung Pura Subdistrict, Langkat Regency, North Sumatera Province
Authors: Junita E , Pane T C , Darus M B
Published: October 2023

Processing coconut husk waste not only gives added value and profit but is also beneficial for the environment and food security since coconut is another source of vegetable oil besides palm oil. This study aimed to analyse the added value, revenue, and income from the processing industries of coconut husk into Cocopeat (coir powder) and Cocobristle (coir fibre) in Tanjung Pura Subdistrict, Langkat Regency, North Sumatera Province. The research locations were purposively chosen in Suka Maju Village and Pantai Cermin Village since there are many coconut husk processing industries in these villages. Data were analysed using Hayami’s Method and income analysis. The results showed that, for Cocopeat products, the added value of the majority of respondents was high. For Cocobristle products, the added value of all respondents was high. The average total revenue was IDR 124,725.31 per Quintal of raw material. The average total overall income was IDR 94,073.00 per Quintal of raw material. The income gained from the processing industries of coconut husk into Cocopeat and Cocobristle was profitable. Therefore, processing and developing coconut husk waste into products with higher economic value and more beneficial to the environment and sustainability is highly recommended.
Determining discharge rating curve at Karai sub watershed
Authors: Tanjung M S , Nasution D L S
Published: October 2023

The availability of discharge rating curve equation in a watershed is very important to predict river discharge in a watershed, while discharge shown the water availability in a watershed. This research aims to determine discharge rating curve equation at Karai Sub Watershed in rainy season. This research was conducted by recording water level using water level logger and measuring river discharge using current meter and then analyze the relation of the water level and river discharge data to make the equation of discharge rating curve. The equation of discharge rating curve determined by using several methods that are polynomial, linear, power function, logaritmic and exponential. The equation which obtained by that methods will be examined by the value of coefficient determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE). The result shown the best methods in obtaining the equation was polynomial method which performs the R2 = 0.849 and RMSE= 0.01 with the equation Q = -1.327h2 + 3.807h - 0.215.
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) utilization for mapping the health of oil palm plants (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)
Authors: Charloq  , Thoha A S , Putra D Y , Muammar A
Published: October 2023

The increasing development and expansion of oil palm plantations in Indonesia cause monitoring management to be increasingly difficult to manage a plantation and currently requires technological innovation that is faster and more accurate in providing information, one of which is using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), often called a drone, a flying machine. Which is controlled remotely using a remote control from outside the vehicle, this is used for monitoring and calculating the number of healthy and diseased plants in a large plantation area that can be covered. The purpose of this research is to map the health of oil palm plants using drone technology. The research method is using drones and oil palm application (OPA) software to calculate the number of oil palm stands followed by plant verification with a plant census using a global positioning system (GPS) to determine the distribution of healthy and diseased oil palm plants. The result of the research is a map that displays information on plant health and the number of plants characterized by colour.
Modifying the particle density of cocoa powder using puffing method for sustainable consumption and production
Authors: Supriyanto G , Achadiyah S , Rahardjo B , Suparyanto T , Trinugroho J P , Pardamean B
Published: October 2023

Flavanols contained in cocoa have several benefits for the human body. However, cocoa consumption in Indonesia is still considered low. Improving the production and quality improvements of cocoa could lead to the sustainable consumption and production of cocoa plant. One main drawback of beverage product that contains cocoa powder is that the cocoa powder precipitates easily, which can reduce the taste and health benefits of cocoa powder. Hence, this research aims to develop a method to increase the buoyancy of cocoa powder in beverages. This study used cocoa powder products (Windmolen and van Houten brands). The puffing chamber with pressure control was made from a cylindrical tube. Sensory test of the cocoa powder samples was performed. Furthermore, statistical analysis was performed on the data obtained from the sensory test. Our results showed that the cocoa powder samples undergoing the puffing process with higher pressure and longer time had a lower moisture content. In addition, the statistical analysis showed that the puffing process did not significantly affect the preference for the taste of cocoa powder. Overall, the puffing method decreased the density of cocoa particles, so the particles would be distributed in the liquid evenly.
Comparison of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) quality with fermentation and centrifugation methods from genjah and hybrid variety of coconut based on Indonesian local environment resources
Authors: Nurminah M , Lubis L M , Munthe R M
Published: October 2023

VCO is one of the processed products made from old coconut which is obtained by extracting the flesh of fruit. VCO has many advantages compared to other oils and many ingredients beneficial for the health of body and coconut always sustainability. This study, the manufacture of VCO using method of fermentation and centrifugation. The material used is fresh old coconut which consists of 2 varieties, from Indonesian local environment resources (namely genjah coconut variey Serdang Bedagai Regency and hybrid variety from Asahan Regency). This study to compare the quality of VCO with fermentation and centrifugation methods of genjah and hybrid varieties of coconut through analysis of water content, free fatty acid peroxide number and iodine number. The results obtained are the manufacture of VCO by centrifugation method has a better quality than fermentation method. Data analysis of VCO quality testing with centrifugation method has met SNI including water content, free fatty acid, peroxide number and iodine number. While the VCO with the fermentation method, in testing the water content and free fatty acids there are those that do not meet SNI but still meet APCC standards. Based on coconut varieties, hybrid VCO varieties have better quality than genjah maturing varieties.
Sustainability of freshwater snakehead fish empowerment as animal protein in increasing albumin and hemoglobin levels of breastfeeding mothers
Authors: Simanjuntak R R , Siahaan G , Sihotang U , Bakara T L
Published: October 2023

Mothers with a shortage of red blood cells (anemia) can cause a loss of nutritional absorption through breast milk. A mother’s lack of nourishment will affect her and her baby’s health. The study aims to identify how administering snakehead fish nuggets affects Hb and albumin levels in breastfeeding moms in the Mandala Health Centre work area in Medan. Methods: From the 3rd to the 29th of February 2020, this study was carried out in the Mandala Public Health Centre. The study is quasi-experimental. This study included all breastfeeding women with children ≤ 5 years and then found 31 samples. The data is normality and then analyzed using the T-dependent test. The results showed that providing snakehead fish nuggets affected Hb and blood albumin levels with a value of (p-value =0.001). The use of snakehead fish as a freshwater fish will maintain the ecosystem process, if the snakehead fish is raised in traditional or modern ways. The treatment of snakehead fish nuggets improves albumin values. Meanwhile, based on percentages, the normal Hb level before treatment was 61%, growing to 84%, and the normal albumin level was 71%, climbing to 93%.
Monitoring and identifying forest burnt area using NBR Landsat and Landuse in Central Kalimantan
Authors: Pratama B B , Pratiwi D , Qirom M A
Published: October 2023

Forest fires are one of the phenomena that occur in peatlands in Indonesia. This incident is due to changes in landuse in peatland and occurs repeatedly over a certain period of time. This study aims to monitor and identify burnt areas and landuse changes in the Kahayan River and Sebangau Peat Hydrological Unit (PHU) Central Kalimantan. The analysis was carried out on the Landsat imagery data series and landcover data from Ministry of Environment and Forestry Indonesia from 2014-2019. Analysis conducted with identifying burnt area using the Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) and intersected with landcover data in that area. The results of the analysis show that forest fires affect landuse changes. Landuses that were significantly affected by forest fires notably shrub swamps, plantations, and dry land farming. Landuse decrease in shrubs swamps by 18% (± 2000 ha) and increase in plantation land by 840% (± 4000 ha) and dry land farming by 6357% (± 9400 ha) prior to forest fires.
Length and weight relationship, condition factors, and growth parameters of Gulamah fish (Johnius trachycephalus) landed at Tanjung Beringin’s Fish Auction Place (TPI) Serdang Bedagai Regency, North Sumatera Province
Authors: Desrita  , Sinaga J , Hasibuan J S , Manurung V R
Published: October 2023

This research was held three months from June-August 2022 and used a purposive random sampling method. The total sample was 137 gulamah consisting of 65 male and 72 female fish. The results showed that the total length (TL) of gulamah fish caught with gill nets ranged from 103-214 mm, with an average length of 155.74 mm. The weight of gulamah fish ranged between 12.77-126.02 grams with an average of 54.95 grams. Length-weight relationship of gulamah fish was positive allometric with the equation W=0.00001L3,15 (R² = 0.89) in male fish and W=0,00001L3,09 (R² = 0.92) in female fish. The range of the condition factor of gulamah fish is 0.43-1.12. Growth curve Von Bertalanffy equation shows the equation Lt = 234.4(1 - EXP(-0,59(t+0,063))for male gulamah fish and Lt = 217.8(1 - EXP(-0,33(t+0,058))) for female gulamah fish.
Amino acids characterization of the Ongole crossbreed cattle edible head skin using HPLC
Authors: Susanto E , Fadlilah A , Amin M F , Wahyuni  , Sutanto E , Handayani I M , Sholiha R , Yolanda G F , Khasanah N
Published: October 2023

This research purpose was characterization of amino acids using HPLC at the edible head skin as edible by-product of ongole crossbreed cattle (OCC). The materials were the male and female head skin of OCC and the method was survey and exploration with analysis of laboratorium. The variables was amino acids profile with HPLC of edible head skin of OCC. The results of studies shown The edible head skin of OCC amino acids profile was the higher contents of L-arginin, glysine, and L-proline as essential category of amino acids and L-glutamic acid as non-essential amino acids. There were several defference between male and female amino acids profile of the OCC edible head skin, including: L-glutamic acid, L-alanin, L-arginin, glysine, L-lisin, L-aspartid acid, and L-proline of female OCC was the higher than male OCC. The peak absorption of mass spectofotometry between samples in males and females shows different.
Nitrogen utility on income over feed cost in complete feed napier grass cv gama umami based with different calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus) substitution levels
Authors: Roychan I , Umami N , Noviandi C T
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the N efficiency and economics of complete feed based on Napier grass cv Gama umami with different levels of Calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus). The Ewes used in this study were 15 with 11.3±1.34 kg of body weight at the age of 8 months. Complete feed treatment given to livestock objects, namely T0 = Napier grass cv GU 60% + Concentrate 40%; T1 = Napier grass cv GU 45% + Concentrate 40% + Calliandra 15%; T2 = Napier grass cv GU 30% + Concentrate 40% + Calliandra 30%. The sample collection phase consisted of treatment feed, leftover feed, and urine which were collected for seven days. The resulting data was then processed using One-way ANOVA with data that had differences in further testing using DMRT (p<0.05). The experimental results showed that the addition of Calliandra levels in complete feed did not affect nitrogen retention in sheep (p>0.05). Economic figure on feed with the addition of Calliandra to complete feed showed a higher income when compared to feed without using Calliandra (p<0.05). The most effective use of Calliandra level with the highest income is seen in giving as much as 30%.
Effects of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) leaf and seeds on biochemical and hematological feature
Authors: Khafaji S S , Khafaji R S
Published: October 2023

The aim of current research to examine the effect of dried leaves, DL, and seeds, SE. of Coriandrum sativum on some biological and hematological traits. 30 male rabbits aged (93-115) days, separated randomly into 3 equal groups, treatment 1, T1, taken the basal meal represented as control group, and other treatments, T2 and T3, supplemented the basal nutrition mixed with 5% of DL and SE, respectively, for 12 weeks. At the termination of experiment, blood and sera samples collected and separated for estimating hematological and biochemical traits, as well as, liver was collected for histological study. The statistical evaluation of T3 results was demonstrated a raising in hematological parameters significantly (P<0.05) in comparison with T2 and T1. Additionally, the concentration of serum globulin and protein elevated significantly (P<0.05) in rabbits provided SE and DL in comparison with rabbits in T1 group. Besides, the values of AST, ALT and glucose showed a decline (P<0.05) in rabbits given DL and SE C.sativum comparing T1. The histological studies of liver in T3 rabbits same as that of control rabbits. In conclusion, ground seeds of C sativum could improve the histological, serological and biochemical features more than dried leaves.
3D-printed biomimetic scaffolds with precisely controlled and tunable structures guide cell migration and promote regeneration of osteochondral defect
Authors: Gu Yuqing , Zou Yiwei , Huang Yuxuan , Liang Renjie , Wu Yicong , Hu Yifan , Hong Yi , Zhang Xianzhu , Toh Yi-Chin , Ouyang Hongwei , Zhang Shufang
Published: October 2023

Untreated osteochondral defects will develop into osteoarthritis, affecting patients’ quality of life. Since articular cartilage and subchondral bone exhibit distinct biological characteristics, repairing osteochondral defects remains a major challenge. Previous studies have tried to fabricate multilayer scaffolds with traditional methods or 3D printing technology. However, the efficacy is unsatisfactory because of poor control over internal structures or a lack of integrity between adjacent layers, severely compromising repair outcomes. Therefore, there is a need for a biomimetic scaffold that can simultaneously boost osteochondral defect regeneration in both structure and function. Herein, an integrated bilayer scaffold with precisely controlled structures is successfully 3D-printed in one step via digital light processing (DLP) technology. The upper layer has both ‘lotus- and radial-’ distribution pores, and the bottom layer has ‘lotus-’ pores to guide and facilitate the migration of chondrocytes and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, respectively, to the defect area. Tuning pore sizes could modulate the mechanical properties of scaffolds easily. Results show that 3D-printed porous structures allow significantly more cells to infiltrate into the area of ‘lotus- and radial-’ distribution pores during cell migration assay, subcutaneous implantation, and in situ transplantation, which are essential for osteochondral repair. Transplantation of this 3D-printed bilayer scaffold exhibits a promising osteochondral repair effect in rabbits. Incorporation of Kartogenin into the upper layer of scaffolds further induces better cartilage formation. Combining small molecules/drugs and precisely size-controlled and layer-specific porous structure via DLP technology, this 3D-printed bilayer scaffold is expected to be a potential strategy for osteochondral regeneration.
Remarks on the linear wave equation
Authors: Ball John
Published: October 2023

We make some remarks on the linear wave equation concerning the existence and uniqueness of weak solutions, satisfaction of the energy equation, growth properties of solutions, the passage from bounded to unbounded domains, and reconciliation of different representations of solutions.
Degradation of DDT by γ-hexachlorocyclohexane dehydrochlorinase LinA
Authors: Yusuf Habibullah Kafayat Olaide , Ito Ren , Stari Leonardo , Kishida Kouhei , Ohtsubo Yoshiyuki , Masai Eiji , Fukuda Masao , Miyauchi Keisuke , Nagata Yuji
Published: October 2023

1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-ethane (DDT) is the first synthetic insecticide and one of the most widely used pesticides. The use of DDT has been banned, but it remains one of the most notorious environmental pollutants around the world. In this study, we found that γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH) dehydrochlorinase LinA from a γ-HCH-degrading bacterium, Sphingobium japonicum UT26, converts DDT to 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (DDE). Because of the weak DDT degradation activity of LinA, we could not detect such activity in UT26 cells expressing LinA constitutively. However, the linA-deletion mutant of UT26 harboring a plasmid for the expression of LinA, in which LinA was expressed at a higher level than UT26, showed the DDT degradation activity. This outcome highlights the potential for constructing DDT-degrading sphingomonad cells through elevated LinA expression.
Mapping the individual human cortex using multidimensional MRI and unsupervised learning
Authors: Kundu Shinjini , Barsoum Stephanie , Ariza Jeanelle , Nolan Amber L , Latimer Caitlin S , Keene C Dirk , Basser Peter J , Benjamini Dan
Published: October 2023

Human evolution has seen the development of higher-order cognitive and social capabilities in conjunction with the unique laminar cytoarchitecture of the human cortex. Moreover, early-life cortical maldevelopment has been associated with various neurodevelopmental diseases. Despite these connections, there is currently no noninvasive technique available for imaging the detailed cortical laminar structure. This study aims to address this scientific and clinical gap by introducing an approach for imaging human cortical lamina. This method combines diffusion–relaxation multidimensional MRI with a tailored unsupervised machine learning approach that introduces enhanced microstructural sensitivity. This new imaging method simultaneously encodes the microstructure, the local chemical composition and importantly their correlation within complex and heterogenous tissue. To validate our approach, we compared the intra-cortical layers obtained using our ex vivo MRI-based method with those derived from Nissl staining of postmortem human brain specimens. The integration of unsupervised learning with diffusion–relaxation correlation MRI generated maps that demonstrate sensitivity to areal differences in cytoarchitectonic features observed in histology. Significantly, our observations revealed layer-specific diffusion–relaxation signatures, showing reductions in both relaxation times and diffusivities at the deeper cortical levels. These findings suggest a radial decrease in myelin content and changes in cell size and anisotropy, reflecting variations in both cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture. Additionally, we demonstrated that 1D relaxation and high-order diffusion MRI scalar indices, even when aggregated and used jointly in a multimodal fashion, cannot disentangle the cortical layers. Looking ahead, our technique holds the potential to open new avenues of research in human neurodevelopment and the vast array of disorders caused by disruptions in neurodevelopment.
Rates of seasonal fuel loading do not differ by sex or overwintering strategy in three species of bats
Authors: Weller Theodore J , Clerc Jeff , Lau Matthew J , Johnson Nels G
Published: October 2023

For temperate-zone mammals, seasonal changes in weather and food availability often govern energy allocation. In addition, energy allocation strategies usually differ between males and females. Bats are an interesting group in which to evaluate energetic trade-offs as they are highly mobile and lead energetically demanding lives in habitats across a variety of seasonally variable climates. We evaluated year-round changes in body mass and fuel load for three species of bats in northern California: Silver-haired Bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans), California Myotis (Myotis californicus), and Yuma Myotis (Myotis yumanensis). Silver-haired bats are considered migratory species with females likely migrating farther than males. The two species of myotis are considered residents. Body mass of all species peaked in late autumn and was at a minimum during spring. We calculated a fuel load index to normalize size difference between species and sexes. We used sex- and season-specific multiple linear regression models to evaluate rates of change in seasonal fuel loading. Rates of change in fuel load did not differ among species or sexes except for male silver-haired bats that increased fuel loads rapidly during summer. Interspecific comparisons provided valuable insights into the energy allocation and overwintering strategies of these species and are an important initial step toward understanding their ecology over the full annual cycle.
Eptesicus innoxius(Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)
Authors: Salas Jaime A , Loaiza S. Christian R , Cadenillas Richard
Published: October 2023

Eptesicus innoxius (Gervais, 1841) is a vespertilionid bat commonly known as harmless brown bat or harmless serotine. It is a small bat, with woolly, short dorsal fur (5–6 mm), that is brown to pale grayish brown; the sagittal and lambdoidal crests are very low or absent. Eptesicus innoxius occurs in lowlands west of the Andes, with a geographic distribution restricted to northwestern and southern Ecuador, and northwestern Peru, at elevations from sea level to 1,200 m. It is listed as “Near Threatened” (NT) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature because of a suspected population reduction due to a significant decline of habitat where the species occurs.
Rheology of a dilute binary mixture of inertial suspension under simple shear flow
Authors: Takada Satoshi , Hayakawa Hisao , Garzó Vicente
Published: October 2023

The rheology of a dilute binary mixture of inertial suspension under simple shear flow is analyzed in the context of the Boltzmann kinetic equation. The effect of the surrounding viscous gas on the solid particles is accounted for by means of a deterministic viscous drag force plus a stochastic Langevin-like term defined in terms of the environmental temperature Tenv. Grad’s moment method is employed to determine the temperature ratio and the pressure tensor in terms of the coefficients of restitution, concentration, the masses and diameters of the components of the mixture, and the environmental temperature. Analytical results are compared against event-driven Langevin simulations for mixtures of hard spheres with the same mass density m1/m2 = (σ(1)/σ(2))3, mi and σ(1) being the mass and diameter, respectively, of the species i. It is confirmed that the theoretical predictions agree with simulations of various size ratios σ(1)/σ(2) and for elastic and inelastic collisions in a wide range of parameter space. It is remarkable that the temperature ratio T1/T2 and the viscosity ratio η1/η2 (ηi being the partial contribution of the species i to the total shear viscosity η = η1 + η2) discontinuously change at a certain shear rate as the size ratio increases; this feature (which is expected to occur in the thermodynamic limit) cannot be completely captured by simulations due to the small system size. In addition, a Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook (BGK)-type kinetic model adapted to mixtures of inelastic hard spheres is exactly solved when Tenv is much smaller than the kinetic temperature T. A comparison between the velocity distribution functions obtained from Grad’s method, the BGK model, and simulations is carried out.
Stock repurchasing bias of mutual funds
Authors: Du Mengqiao , Niessen-Ruenzi Alexandra , Odean Terrance
Published: October 2023

This article shows that mutual funds’ trading experiences bias their future repurchasing decisions. Mutual funds are less likely to repurchase a stock if they previously sold the stock for a loss rather than for a gain. After switching to managing a different fund, fund managers still avoid repurchasing stocks they sold for a loss at a past fund. We do not find that mutual fund managers are biased against repurchasing past loser stocks because of superior information. Though less likely to be repurchased, repurchased losers do not underperform repurchased winners—and the fund itself—in the subsequent quarter.
The Biopolitics of Parental Access: Cross-Readings of Transnational Adoption and Surrogacy in Denmark and Norway
Authors: Stuvøy Ingvill , Myong Lene
Published: October 2023

This article introduces the notion of the “biopolitics of parental access” as an analytical lens to examine how different forms of reproductive governance support and enable parental access. Through a cross-reading of political and administrative documents relating to the regulation of, respectively, transnational adoption in Denmark and transnational surrogacy in Norway, we examine the logics and techniques that inform the reproductive governance of parental access. Drawing attention to the racialized entanglement of pro- and anti-natalism, the analysis shows how access to parenthood for Danish and Norwegian citizens is continued and secured through the annihilation of the parenthood of surrogate mothers and families losing children to adoption. While the concrete logics and techniques of reproductive governance differ in the two cases, the result—access to parenthood—is similar.
The role of APOBEC3-induced mutations in the differential evolution of monkeypox virus
Authors: Li Xiangting , Habibipour Sara , Chou Tom , Yang Otto O
Published: October 2023

Recent studies show that newly sampled monkeypox virus (MPXV) genomes exhibit mutations consistent with Apolipoprotein B mRNA Editing Catalytic Polypeptide-like3 (APOBEC3)-mediated editing compared to MPXV genomes collected earlier. It is unclear whether these single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) result from APOBEC3-induced editing or are a consequence of genetic drift within one or more MPXV animal reservoirs. We develop a simple method based on a generalization of the General-Time-Reversible model to show that the observed SNPs are likely the result of APOBEC3-induced editing. The statistical features allow us to extract lineage information and estimate evolutionary events.