bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of two wind flow models for wind resource assessment for a site
Authors: Warudkar Vilas , Sharma Pramod , Ahmed Siraj
Published: April 2020

There are different numerical wind flow models are existing to simulate atmosphere flows. The conventional approach has been relying on JacksonHunt linear wind flow models, computational fluid dynamics and Reynolds- averaged Navier Stokes models has been explored in research to predict wind resource for a site. The present work aims to analyze the performance of two wind flow models to predict the variation of wind speed. The two are 1) WAsP (linear JacksonHunt model) and 2) CFD/RANS models. The wind flow numerical models are compared with high-quality measurements from single meteorological mast. It has been found that the root meant square error for the WAsP model is 23% greater than the Reynolds- averaged Navier Stokes model.
Changbai Mountain Natural Resources Reserve based on ecological footprint theory ecological structure optimization
Authors: Wang Qiufei , Zhang Shuhan , Tang Bingjie
Published: April 2020

Taking the Changbai Mountain Natural Resources Protection Area as the research object, combined with the ecological footprint theory, using the quantitative analysis method to calculate the ecological footprint of Changbai Mountain Natural Resources Protection Area, it is found that the Changbai Mountain Natural Resources Protection Area is in an ecological deficit state. The rational layout infrastructure, the optimization of scenic area management mode and the gradual realization of collaborative management optimization methods are proposed, which provide reference and reference for the follow-up development of Changbai Mountain Natural Resources Protection Area.
Quelles perspectives pour le syndrome d’apnées du sommeil et la santé connectée ?
Authors: Jullian-Desayes Ingrid , Joyeux-Faure Marie , Baillieul Sébastien , Guzun Rita , Tamisier Renaud , Pepin Jean-Louis
Published: April 2020

Introduction : La santé connectée est en plein essor et peut être
envisagée à partir de différentes perspectives notamment dans le syndrome
d’apnées du sommeil (SAS). Matériels et méthodes : L’objet de cette revue est
de montrer comment toutes ces dimensions de la santé connectée s’appliquent
déjà à la prise en charge du SAS et de ses comorbidités. Résultats : Tout d’abord,
elle permet au patient une meilleure compréhension et une meilleure évaluation
de sa santé. Elle facilite également sa prise en charge en lui permettant de devenir
acteur de son parcours de soins. Pour les professionnels de santé, les outils de santé
connectée permettent de mettre en place de nouvelles procédures de diagnostic,
de suivi des patients ambulatoires et de construire entre professionnels de santé
et patients des décisions partagées. Enfin pour les chercheurs, l’e-santé génère
des données massives facilitant l’acquisition de connaissances en situation de
vie réelle, le développement de nouvelles méthodologies d’études cliniques, plus
rapides, moins chères et tout aussi fiables. Discussion : Toutes ces considérations
s’appliquent déjà dans le contexte du SAS, que ce soit concernant les traitements
proposés comme la gestion des comorbidités associées et l’implication du patient
dans son parcours de soins.
A PubMed Citations Search Study on the Prevalence of Epiphora in the General Adult Population
Authors: Haefliger Ivan O. , Haefliger Yasmina D. , Pimentel de Figueiredo Ana Rosa
Published: April 2020

Purpose To assess the prevalence of epiphora in the general adult population based on PubMed search citations.

Methods 1) Electronic PubMed MEDLINE database search (September 13, 2019) with the terms (Medical Subject Headings or MeSH) “prevalence” and “epiphora”, 2) “epiphora” and “dry eye”, and 3) “prevalence”, “epiphora”, and “dry eye”. Review of all citations from these searches containing the term “epiphora” either in their abstract or title.

Results 1) PubMed search retrieved 2 617 137 citations for “prevalence”, 26 135 for “epiphora”, and 2554 for “prevalence” AND “epiphora”. Within the latter 2554 citations, the word “epiphora” appeared in the abstract or title of only 109 citations (< 5%). None of these 109 citations assessed the prevalence of epiphora in the adult general population as the primary end point. Only one abstract mentioned that out of 125 patients, 7.2% indicated, retrospectively, that they had already had epiphora before cataract surgery. Two large population-based studies addressed the incidence of epiphora, not in adults, but in infants (20%) and children (7.7%). 2) The PubMed search showed 22 487 citations for “dry eye”, 30 211 for “epiphora” OR “dry eye”, and up to 18 414 joint citations for the terms “epiphora” AND “dry eye”. These 18 414 citations were 70 and 82% of the number of MeSH citations for “epiphora” and “dry eye” alone, respectively. Of these 18 414 citations, the word “epiphora” only appeared in 131 citations (< 1%), one of them being an extra report mentioning a 32% incidence of epiphora among postmenopausal women. 3) The search found 2206 citations for “prevalence” AND “epiphora” AND “dry eye”, with only 10 of them (< 1%) containing the word “epiphora”.

Conclusions Despite a large number of citations retrieved by PubMed searches, there seems to be a lack of studies on the prevalence of epiphora in the adult general population. There is apparently also a large number of overlapping PubMed citations retrieved for searches with the terms “epiphora” AND “dry eye”, although more than 99% of them did not even display the word “epiphora”. Although epiphora is considered a common complain, its prevalence in the adult general population deserves to be further assessed.
Continuous-Flow Synthesis of (–)-Oseltamivir Phosphate (Tamiflu)
Authors: Watts Paul , Sagandira Cloudius R.
Published: April 2020

Herein the anti-influenza drug (–)-oseltamivir phosphate is prepared in continuous flow from ethyl shikimate with 54% overall yield over nine steps and total residence time of 3.5 min from the individual steps. Although the procedure involved intermediate isolation, the dangerous azide chemistry and intermediates involved were elegantly handled in situ. It is the first continuous-flow process for (–)-oseltamivir phosphate involving azide chemistry and (–)-shikimic acid as precursor.
GLYCEMIC AND LIPIDEIC STATUS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Rao A. Harish
Published: April 2020

Objective: to know the glycemic and lipidaemic status in patients with acute myocardial infarction, and with the secondary objective to know the effect of age, gender, diabetes, smoking, hypertension on fasting glucose and lipid levels.

Methods and materials: The 74 patients admitted for acute myocardial infarction during the study period of one year were analysed for fasting glucose values and serum levels of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides.

Results: The mean serum concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were 233.28±45.34, 139.22±41.71, 171.43±36.53 and 27.07±36.53 respectively. Mean levels of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides and fasting glucose values were not affected by age, gender, BMI, hypertension and smoking. BMI >30kg/m2 was associated with increased levels of total cholesterol(p=0.013) and LDL cholesterol(p=0.014). Also increase LDL cholesterol was seen in male gender(p=0.04). The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL cholesterol was 82.4%,77% and 78% respectively. Diabetes had no effect on lipid profile.

Conclusion: our study highlighted the prevalence of dyslipidemias associated with myocardial infarction but not significant impact of fasting glucose levels.
EFFECTIVENESS OF DEEP BREATHING EXERCISE (DBE) ON THE HEART RATE VARIABILITY, BP, ANXIETY & DEPRESSION OF PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: D'silva Fatima , H. Vinay , Muninarayanappa N.V.
Published: April 2020

Psychosocial risk factors significantly contribute to the morbidity and mortality of patients with cardiovascular disorders. The present study explored the anxiety and depression status of patients with coronary artery disease and evaluated the effect of deep breathing exercise on these psychosocial variables as well as physiological variables like heart rate variability and blood pressure. A randomized control design was adopted for the study. Out of 65 clients eligible for the study, 45 were selected based on inclusion criteria. Patient were trained in Deep breathing exercise (DBE)for 2-3 days, were instructed to practice the exercise twice a day for 10 min for a period of 2 weeks, further instructed to come for follow up to cardiac OPD after 2 weeks. The study findings revealed that majority of the cardiac patients were anxious 39 (86.66%), 23(57.5%) had mild depression and 3(7.5%) were with severe depression. Fischer's exact test revealed a significant association between depression and occupation (p=0.051), monthly income (p=0.031) and co morbid disease (p=0.006, p<0.05). Karl Pearson's correlation coefficient revealed significant positive correlation between anxiety and depression i.e. (r = 0.414, p <0.01). DBE was found to be effective in reducing anxiety and diastolic BP of clients with CAD. But there was no significant reduction in HR, SBP and depression after the intervention.
KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE REGARDING EYE DONATION AMONG THE ADOLESCENTS : A CO-RELATIONAL STUDY
Authors: Chacko Heyke M. , Mathew Jasmine , Jose Jidiya , Dominic Jisha , T. Sachina B. , D. Babu
Published: April 2020

Background: Vision is the most important sense because it allows interacting freely with the environment and enjoying the beauty of life. The eye is the window to the world and it is a sensitive, highly specialized sense organ subject to various disorders, many of which lead to impaired vision. Blindness is a lack or loss of ability to see; lack of perception of visual stimuli. The diseases of the cornea are one of the major causes of blindness in India for which the vision can be restored by eye donation. Eye sight is very important for human life. The World Health Organization (W.H.O) estimates that for every 5 seconds, someone goes blind. Globally 37 million people are blind and of these nearly 10 lakh blind people are willing for corneal transplantation. Well informed adolescents could be expected to influence eye donation rates.

Methods: Descriptive survey approach with co-relational design was used for the study. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding eye donation among the adolescents and to identify the relationship between them. The Structured knowledge questionnaire and Attitude scale on eye donation were used to collect the data. The data were collected by questionnaire method from 100 adolescents, who were selected using non-probability purposive sampling technique at Yenepoya pre- university college, Mangalore, India. Data collected from the subjects were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results: The mean percentage of the knowledge scores among adolescents were 57%, the mean percentage of the attitude scores among adolescents were 70.5% and there was a positive correlation between knowledge and attitude among adolescents (r(98) = 0.201). Table value r(98) = 0.236, p< 0.313).

Conclusion: The findings of the study showed that the adolescents had good knowledge and positive attitude towards eye donation and there was a positive co-relation between knowledge and attitude among adolescents.
EFFECTIVENESS OF JACOBSON'S PROGRESSIVE MUSCLE RELAXATION (JPMR) TECHNIQUE ON SOCIAL ANXIETY AMONG HIGH SCHOOL ADOLESCENTS IN A SELECTED SCHOOL OF UDUPI DISTRICT, KARNATAKA STATE
Authors: Joy Febu Elizabeth , Jose Tessy Treesa , Nayak Asha K.
Published: April 2020

Problem: Epidemiologic studies show that social anxiety is among the most prevalent of all mental disorders and very less attention has been given to this area.

Methods: The purpose of this exploratory study was to identify the adolescents with social anxiety and teach the JPMR technique to those who would score high on social anxiety scale. The data were collected from 193 high school adolescents using Demographic Proforma, Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescent and Tool to Assess the Associated Factors of Social Anxiety. The JPMR technique was administered to the adolescents with moderate to severe social anxiety.

Findings: The study found that 52(27%) adolescents were having moderate social anxiety and there was significant association 2 (x2=15.297, p<0.05) between age of the adolescents and social anxiety. The significant related factors of social anxiety were parental strictness, parental conflict, teacher's strictness, peer rejection, troubled with appearance and being treated differently from siblings by parents. The Jacobson's Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique was found to be effective (t =10.646, df= 39, p=0.001) in reducing the social anxiety.

Conclusion: Social anxiety is common among adolescents and many modifiable factors related to parents and teachers are associated with it. Appropriate interventions in an early time may help them to reduce it.
A CORRELATIONAL STUDY ON ACADEMIC STRESS AND SELF - EESTEEM AMONG HIGHER SECONDARY STUDENTS IN SELECTED SCHOOLS OF UDUPI DISTRICT
Authors: S. Nikitha , Jose Tessy Treesa , Valsaraj Blessy Prabha
Published: April 2020

This study identified the academic stress and self - esteem among higher secondary school students in selected private schools of Udupi district. It also found out the existing correlation between academic stress and self-esteem. Academic stress rating scale, constructed by the researcher and Rosenberg self-esteem scale were used for the data collection. Questionnaires were completed by 96 first year higher secondary students of science batch. Academic stress rating scale was a four point scale which includes 32 statements regarding examination stress, stress from peers, intrapersonal stress, study habit and time management. The study found that 80.20% students have moderate stress, 13.5% have mild stress and 6.2% have severe stress. Among the subjects 82.30% were having normal self - esteem and 6.2% were having low self- esteem. Significant but low negative relationship is found between academic stress and self-esteem.
ORAL PYOGENIC GRANULOMA: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Kejriwal Swati , Bhandary Rahul , Thomas Biju
Published: April 2020

Pyogenic granuloma is an inflammatory hyperplasia affecting the oral tissues. It is a tumour-like growth of the oral cavity, which usually arises in response to nonspecific infection. Because of the high frequency of pyogenic granuloma in the oral cavity, this case report describes a pyogenic granuloma in a 59-year-old male patient, discussing the clinical features and histopathologic features that distinguish this lesion from other similar oral mucosa lesions and also the successful management of the lesion.
SIMULTANEOUS BILATERAL ANTERIOR DISLOCATION OF THE SHOULDER WITH FRACTURES OF THE GREATER TUBEROSITY FOLLOWING TRAUMA- A CASE REPORT
Authors: Shetty Sanath Kumar , Mathias Lawrence J. , Rai H. Ravindranath , Babu P. Nirmal , R. Raj Sankar N. , C. Vinay Kumar
Published: April 2020

Simultaneous bilateral shoulder dislocations are usually posterior with anterior dislocations1 being rare and simultaneous anterior shoulder dislocations with fractures of the greater tuberosity5 being even more rare usually associated with trauma or seizures2,3 . Here we present a rare case of simultaneous bilateral anterior dislocation of the shoulder with fractures of the greater tuberosity following an unusual injury mechanism which was treated surgically.
EVALUATION OF RADIO PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF AVERRHOA CARAMBOLA LEAVES EXTRACT IN WISTAR RATS
Authors: Kumar Arunachalam , N. Suchetha Kumari , K. Kavitha , S. Rojin T.
Published: April 2020

The present study was designed to investigate the radio protective efficacy of ethanolic extract of leaves of the Averrhoa carambola by studying the following parameters: radioprotective effect before and after radiation, estimating the Total Antioxidant Status, haematological parameters, assessing the histopathology of liver and kidney. Extract was given orally at a dose of 450 mg/kg, orally for 15 days prior to and 15 days after radiation (2 Gy). The rats were kept under observation for 15 days for any sign of radiation sickness, morbidity, behavioural toxicity, urination and defecation pattern or mortality, which showed no changes. The haematological parameters showed a significant decrease in the irradiated rat when compared with the control group. Antioxidant activity revealed from the data obtained in the present study showed that A.carambola leaves ethanolic extract possess good antioxidant activity. Histopathological changes in the irradiated liver and kidney sections showed improved cellular architecture when compared to the normal. The present study suggests that supplementation with Averrhoa carambola has potent antioxidant activity and act as probable radioprotector against gamma radiation induced oxidative damage.
AN AWARENESS PROGRAM ON PREVENTION OF VAGINAL CANDIDIASIS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN
Authors: Kamath Pratibha , Pais Maria , Nayak Malathi G. , D'souza Clara Pramila
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Vaginal candidiasis common problem among pregnant women. According to Jumbo G.T.A et al., during pregnancy women who did not know Candidiasis as a disease were 94.1% and 83.6% of the respondents felt there was no compelling need for treatment while 86.3% did not consider the disease of any serious clinical significance1.

Objective: This study was conducted to find the effectiveness of an awareness programme on prevention of vaginal candidiasis among pregnant women in selected seven Rural Maternity Child Welfare centres (RMCW's) of Udupi district.

Materials and Method: Evaluative survey approach was used to find the effectiveness of awareness program. The sampling technique used was non probability convenient sampling. Total of 142 pregnant women those who visited antenatal clinics of RMCW's were selected. One group pre-test – post-test design was used to assess the knowledge by administering a structured knowledge questionnaire, followed by awareness program. On seventh day post-test was conducted using same questionnaire to evaluate the knowledge of the subject.

Result: Majority of the pregnant women (89.2%) had poor knowledge in pre-test whereas 95.8% of them acquired a good knowledge in post-test.

Conclusion: Health professionals caring for pregnant women should find out about symptoms of vaginal candidiasis and they can give them knowledge and make aware, which may help them in improving their health by adopting preventive measures and help them to avoid the complications.
VARIATION IN HAEMOGLOBIN LEVELS DURING MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Authors: Kotwaney Surbhi , Shetty Pushparaja
Published: April 2020

Context: A cyclic event occurs in women of reproductive age, called as menstrual cycle. During this, variation in levels of steroid sex hormones occurs that influences various organs of humans including haematopoiesis.

Aim: Assess the variation in levels of haemoglobin during the follicular and luteal phases of menstrual cycle.

Materials and Methods: Fifteen women were a part of this study. Heparinized whole blood samples were drawn during the follicular and luteal phases, and levels of haemoglobin recorded using colorimetric method. The data was subjected to statistical analysis.

Statistical analysis: Student t-test was used to analyse the values of haemoglobin levels obtained.

Conclusion: Statistically significant variation occurs in the levels of haemoglobin between the follicular and luteal phases of menstrual cycle.
FRIEDREICH ATAXIA – A CASE REPORT
Authors: V. Deepthi R. , Pavanam Seema , Shenoy Vijaya , Joshi Siddarth S.
Published: April 2020

Friedreich ataxia is an autosomal recessive disorder, due to expansion of trinucleotide repeat in Frataxin gene which presents with ataxic gait, absent tendon reflexes, extensor plantar response and positive Romberg test. We present a child who came with complaints of progressive ataxia of gait since the age of 10 years and was diagnosed to have Friedreich ataxia. They have associated cardiomyopathy and endocrine abnormality like diabetes and hypothyroidism.
A RARE CASE OF CYANOSIS AND CLUBBING –LIVER INDUCED VASCULAR DISORDER OF LUNG
Authors: Krishna Pothukuchi Venkata , Manne Manasa , Chepuri Venkata Ravikumar
Published: April 2020

The hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is under recognized complication of chronic liver disease. Hepatopulmonary syndrome has three components: liver disease, pulmonary vascular dilatation, and a defect in oxygenation. If hypoxemia and dyspnea develop in these patients in the absence of known intrinsic cardiopulmonary disorder, the hepatopulmonary syndrome must be considered. Clinical features include digital clubbing, cyanosis, spider neavi. It is a rare complication of liver disease of varied etiology and indicates a poor prognosis. We are reporting a case of severe clubbing of fingers associated with severe cyanosis and chronic liver disorder in a very young girl to highlight that other causes also should be thought of in addition to cyanotic congenital heart disease in such a young age.
A Practical and Versatile Method for the C–H Sulfenylation of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines
Authors: Harrity Joseph P. A. , Al-Saedy Muhannad A. E.
Published: April 2020

Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines are an important class of heterocycles that are prevalent in many bioactive small molecules. We report the direct introduction of a broad selection of aromatic, heteroaromatic, or alkyl fragments connected by a thioether group into these important heterocycles by using readily prepared thiosulfate salts.
Variability of Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Reactions of Aromatic Oximes with Alkenes
Authors: Perekalin Dmitry S. , Trifonova Evgeniya A. , Komarova Alina A. , Chusov Denis
Published: April 2020

Acetophenone oxime reacts with various alkenes in the presence of the rhodium catalyst [Cp*RhCl2]2 (2.5 mol%; Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol as an important cosolvent. Styrene, aliphatic terminal alkenes, and strained cyclic alkenes gave the corresponding substituted dihydroisoquinolines in yields of 50–99%. On the other hand, alkenes containing functional groups close to the double bond gave a variety of different products. The reactions of acetophenone oxime with styrene or dec-1-ene in the presence of the chiral catalyst [(C5H2

t
Bu2CH2

t
Bu)RhI2]2 provided the corresponding dihydroisoquinolines with improved regioselectivity but a low enantiomeric ratio (61:39 in both cases).
Lymphoplasmacyte-Rich Meningioma of the Third Ventricle: Case Report
Authors: Ferreira Marcelo Paglioli , Cambruzzi Eduardo , Martins Otávio Garcia , Gago Guilherme , Vial Antônio Delacy Martini
Published: April 2020

Introduction Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors, accounting for up to 35% of the neoplasms in this category. Approximately 10–20% of these neoplasms are histologically atypical, and the lymphoplasmacyte-rich meningioma (LPM) corresponds to a very rare subtype of meningioma that is characterized histopathologically by massive infiltrates of inflammatory cells. The case described in the present study is the sixth case of an intraventricular LPM found in the literature and the first case considering the location in the third ventricle.

Case Description A 21-year-old male without previous comorbidities sought medical attention due to visual impairment (complaining of intermittent visual blur) for 2 months. A magnetic resonance imaging of the brain confirmed the presence of a well-delimited solid mass in the third ventricle of 3.0 × 2.3 cm with a cystic component that extended itself inferiorly and distorted the visual pathway anatomy. Neurosurgeons decided to access the lesion using an interhemispheric transcallosal approach with a transforaminal access, and the lesion was resected completely. The patient has an ambulatorial endocrinological follow-up and is neurologically stable 6 months after the procedure. No new visual deficits were noted.

Conclusion Lymphoplasmacyte-rich meningioma is a very rare intracranial tumor, and the involvement of the third ventricle make this case unique
Modelo Predictivo de la No Unión de Tibia
Authors: Zamorano Álvaro Igor , Albarrán Carlos Felipe , Zecchetto Pierluca , Oyarzún Andrés Sebastián , Ramirez Luis Felipe , Durán Gabriel Ignacio , Vaccia Matías Alejandro , Bahamonde Luis Alberto
Published: April 2020

Objetivos Estimar un modelo predictivo para la no-unión en pacientes que presentan fractura de tibia.

Materiales y Métodos Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo, en pacientes con fractura de tibia operadas entre 2012 y 2018, con un mínimo de 12 meses de seguimiento, excluyendo amputaciones traumáticas. Realizamos un modelo de regresión logística con 13 variables descritas en la literatura. Se descartaron las variables estadísticamente no significativas y las que no causaban efecto de confusión. Se evaluó la bondad de ajuste mediante el test de Hosmer-Lemeshow y la discriminación del modelo con la curva ROC.

Resultados Se incluyeron 411 fracturas de tibia, las variables estadísticamente significativas fueron: exposición ósea OR = 2,57(IC:1,15–5,75, p = 0,022), diabetes OR = 3,29(IC:1,37–7,91, p = 0,008) y uso de tutor externo OR = 1,77(IC:0,81–3,85), el que tuvo efecto de confusión. La bondad de ajuste demostró que los datos se ajustan adecuadamente al modelo (p = 0,35). La curva ROC demuestra un 70,91% de poder discriminatorio. Al evaluar aisladamente las fracturas expuestas, no hubo asociación estadísticamente significativa con ninguna variable.

Discusión Al evaluar el modelo, obtuvimos una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre: no unión, exposición ósea, diabetes y uso de tutor externo, información concordante con la literatura. Al estudiar el subgrupo de fracturas expuestas, las demás variables son estadísticamente no significativas. Eso refleja que la exposición ósea es la variable que confiere mayor riesgo. El seguimiento adecuado de esos pacientes es fundamental dado este alto riesgo de evolucionar con no-unión.

Conclusión En nuestra serie, la exposición ósea es el factor de riesgo más importante para presentar no unión de tibia.
Edge states in ordinary differential equations for dislocations
Authors: Gontier David
Published: April 2020

In this article, we study Schrödinger operators on the real line, when the external potential represents a dislocation in a periodic medium. We study how the spectrum varies with the dislocation parameter. We introduce several integer-valued indices, including the Chern number for bulk indices, and various spectral flows for edge indices. We prove that all these indices coincide, providing a proof of a bulk-edge correspondence in this case. The study is also made for dislocations in Dirac models on the real line. We prove that 0 is always an eigenvalue of such operators.
Structure and dynamical properties of liquid Au under pressure
Authors: Wu Min , Shi Jiao , Wu Yefeng , Ma Yi , Ding Zhenyu
Published: April 2020

The structures and properties of disordered systems are very challenging in material science. In the present first-principles molecular dynamics study, the results show that the liquid gold at 2000 K undergoes a continuous liquid–liquid transition under pressure. The icosahedral short range order was found to be initially enhanced by compression and then started to decay and became less dominant. At 18 GPa, it was solidified and became a crystal. The present theoretical results provide a new perspective to understand the evolution of the atomic packing in liquid metals under compression and may be generalized for other disordered systems.
Experimental demonstration of elastic analogues of nonseparable qutrits
Authors: Hasan M. Arif , Calderin Lazaro , Lata Trevor , Lucas Pierre , Runge Keith , Deymier Pierre A.
Published: April 2020

The creation of multilevel quantum states, qudits, has revolutionized concepts for quantum computing. Classical systems that capture behavior analogous to quantum systems have been demonstrated. In this spirit, we consider a three-level classical analogue of the qudit composed of coupled acoustic waveguides. Here, we demonstrate both the experimental realization of a three-level classical analogue of the qudit and the creation and tuning of nonseparable superpositions of two of these analogues, which are classically “entangled.” Measurements of velocities and transmission inform our assignment of these nonseparable states.
Simulation of dynamics of the order parameter in superconducting nanostructured materials: Effect of the magnetic field renormalization
Authors: Smirnova E. I. , Rezaev R. O. , Fomin V. M.
Published: April 2020

The effect of the magnetic field renormalization in superconducting nanostructured materials is quantitatively evaluated. For demonstration purposes, three superconducting structures with various geometric shapes and dimensions and functioning in different resistive regimes are considered. Simulation is based on a set of equations including the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation coupled with the Maxwell equations. An impact of the order parameter on the vector and scalar potentials is taken into account. It is shown that for Nb structures having thicknesses (∼200 nm) less than the magnetic field penetration depth (∼300 nm), the effect of the magnetic field renormalization equivocally affects the spatiotemporal distribution of superconducting vortices. For a slab with the thickness of ∼100 nm, the absolute value of the average voltage generated by moving vortices changes by less than 1%. With increasing the thickness of C-shaped structures up to 500 nm, the renormalization effect leads to the growth of the average voltage by up to 10%.
Angular magnetic-field dependence of vortex matching in pinning lattices fabricated by focused or masked helium ion beam irradiation of superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin films
Authors: Aichner B. , Mletschnig K. L. , Müller B. , Karrer M. , Dosmailov M. , Pedarnig J. D. , Kleiner R. , Koelle D. , Lang W.
Published: April 2020

The angular dependence of magnetic-field commensurability effects in thin films of the cuprate high-critical-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) with an artificial pinning landscape is investigated. Columns of point defects are fabricated by two different methods of ion irradiation — scanning the focused 30 keV ion beam in a helium ion microscope or employing the wide-field 75 keV He+ beam of an ion implanter through a stencil mask. Simulations of the ion-target interactions and the resulting collision cascades reveal that with both methods square arrays of defect columns with sub-μm spacings can be created. They consist of dense point-defect clusters, which act as pinning centers for Abrikosov vortices. This is verified by the measurement of commensurable peaks of the critical current and related minima of the flux-flow resistance vs magnetic field at the matching fields. In oblique magnetic fields, the matching features are exclusively governed by the component of the magnetic field parallel to the axes of the columnar defects, which confirms that the magnetic flux is penetrated along the defect columns. We demonstrate that the latter dominate the pinning landscape despite of the strong intrinsic pinning in thin YBCO films.
Physics of vortex motion by means of microwave surface impedance measurements (Review article)
Authors: Pompeo N. , Alimenti A. , Torokhtii K. , Silva E.
Published: April 2020

In this paper we present a short overview on the results that can be obtained through the study of vortex motion at high frequencies. The phenomenological force balance for isolated-like vortices shaken by microwave currents and subjected to viscous drag, pinning forces and thermal creep is recalled and physically presented. The derived vortex motion resistivity, together with the main vortex parameters (viscosity η and flux flow resistivity ρff, pinning constant kp, creep factor χ), is then commented. Sample measurements are reported to illustrate the main aspects of the involved physical models.
A linear piezoelectric actuator with high flexibility flexible mechanism designed by the bidirectional parasitic motion principle
Authors: Wang Jiru , Qin Feng , Li Lijia , Liu Zhengqi , Zhao Hongwei
Published: April 2020

This paper proposes a piezoelectric actuator based on the parasitic motion principle which overcomes the disadvantage that piezoelectric actuators designed by the parasitic motion principle always sacrifice reverse directional performance for improving forward directional performance. The parasitic motion principle based piezoelectric actuator can use two flexible mechanisms to achieve bidirectional motion, but more assembly errors will be introduced. Therefore, the proposed actuator is designed to output bidirectional motion through one flexible mechanism. To this end, two mounting slots with high flexibility are specially designed for improving output displacement. The working principle and design process are elaborated, and experiments are conducted to prove the feasibility of the proposed actuator. The fabricated prototype can achieve a maximum velocity of 1.563 mm/s and 1.054 mm/s, a displacement resolution of 5.8 µm and 6 µm, an operating bandwidth of 1600 Hz and 1200 Hz, and a vertical load capacity larger than 500 g in forward and reverse directions.
Impact of a minority relativistic electron tail interacting with a thermal plasma containing high-atomic-number impurities
Authors: Garland Nathan A. , Chung Hyun-Kyung , Fontes Christopher J. , Zammit Mark C. , Colgan James , Elder Todd , McDevitt Christopher J. , Wildey Timothy M. , Tang Xian-Zhu
Published: April 2020

A minority relativistic electron component can arise in both laboratory and naturally occurring plasmas. In the presence of high-atomic-number ion species, the ion charge state distribution at a low bulk electron temperature can be dominated by relativistic electrons, even though their density is orders of magnitude lower. This is due to the relativistic enhancement of the collisional excitation and ionization cross sections. The resulting charge state effect can dramatically impact the radiative power loss rate and the related Bethe stopping power of relativistic electrons in a dilute plasma.
Large barocaloric effect in spin-crossover complex [CrI2(depe)2]
Authors: von Ranke P. J. , Alho B. P. , da Silva P. H. S. , Ribas R. M. , Nobrega E. P. , de Sousa V. S. R. , Colaço M. V. , Marques Lippy F. , Reis M. S. , Scaldini F. M. , Escobar Lívia B. L. , Ribeiro P. O.
Published: April 2020

Recently, spin-crossover compounds were pointed out as strong candidates for working as refrigerant materials due to their huge barocaloric effect. In this work, we report the giant isothermal entropy change (ΔST) and adiabatic temperature change (ΔTad) upon moderated pressure variation in the spin-crossover complex [CrI2(depe)2], where depe = 1,2-bis(diethylphosphino)ethane. This complex was investigated considering three main contributions for total entropy: configurational, magnetic, and phonon entropies, which were simulated using proper microscopic parameters. The high values of ΔST = 40 J kg−1 K−1 and ΔTad = 10.6 K for ΔP = 2 kbar were obtained around low ↔ high spin phase transition temperature (T1/2). Besides, due to the large barocaloric shift parameters (δT1/2/δP ∼ 52 K/kbar), a giant refrigerant capacity (RC = 3583 J kg−1) was established for [CrI2(depe)2].
A quantum model for photoemission from metal surfaces and its comparison with the three-step model and Fowler–DuBridge model
Authors: Zhou Yang , Zhang Peng
Published: April 2020

This paper studies a quantum mechanical model for photoemission from a metal surface due to the excitation of laser electric fields, which was developed by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation exactly. The quantum model includes the effects of laser fields (wavelength and intensity), properties of metals (Fermi energy and work function including Schottky effect), and the applied dc field on the cathode surface. Shorter wavelength lasers can induce more photoemission from electron initial energy levels further below the Fermi level and, therefore, yield larger quantum efficiency (QE). The dc field increases QE, but it is found to have a greater impact on lasers with wavelengths close to the threshold (i.e., the corresponding photon energy is the same as the cathode work function) than on shorter wavelength lasers. The quantum model is compared with existing classical models, i.e., the three-step model, the Fowler–DuBridge model, and the Monte Carlo simulation based on the three-step model. Even though with very different settings and assumptions, it is found that the scaling of QE of the quantum model agrees well with other models for low intensity laser fields. When the laser field increases, QE increases with the laser field strength in the longer laser wavelength range due to the increased contributions from multiphoton absorption processes.
2D transition metal dichalcogenides, carbides, nitrides, and their applications in supercapacitors and electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Yuan Shuoguo , Pang Sin-Yi , Hao Jianhua
Published: April 2020

The development of renewable energy conversion and storage devices, aiming at high efficiency, stable operation, environmental friendliness, and low-cost goals, provides a promising approach to resolve the global energy crisis. Recently, two-dimensional (2D) layered materials have drawn enormous attention due to their unique layered structure and intriguing electrical characteristics, which brings the unprecedented board applications in the fields ranging from electronic, optical, optoelectronic, thermal, magnetic, quantum devices to energy storage and catalysis. Graphene-based 2D layered materials show promising applications in energy storage and conversion owing to their high specific surface area, which have been used for supercapacitor electrode materials based on the electrical double-layer capacitance model. However, graphene has a limited value of theoretical electrical double-layer capacitance when the whole surface area is fully utilized. Among several classes of 2D layered materials beyond graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, transition metal carbides, and nitrides may exhibit excellent electrochemical properties due to the distinctive features of these 2D materials, such as large specific surface area, good hydrophilic nature, highly exposed active edge sites, and ease of intercalation and modification. Therefore, careful design and construction of these 2D compounds make them become potential candidates used for electrochemical supercapacitors and electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. This review emphasizes the recent important advances of the 2D layered materials composed of transition metal dichalcogenides, transition metal carbides, and nitrides for supercapacitors and electrocatalysts. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges and perspectives in this energy field in terms of the classes of two-dimensional layered materials.
On the group of spheromorphisms of a homogeneous non-locally finite tree
Authors: Neretin Yu. A.
Published: April 2020

We consider a tree

all whose vertices have countable valency. Its boundary is the Baire space

and the set of irrational numbers

is identified with

by continued fraction expansions. Removing

edges from

, we get a forest consisting of copies of

. A spheromorphism (or hierarchomorphism) of

is an isomorphism of two such subforests regarded as a transformation of

or

. We denote the group of all spheromorphisms by

. We show that the correspondence

sends the Thompson group realized by piecewise

-transformations to a subgroup of

. We construct some unitary representations of

, show that the group

of automorphisms is spherical in

and describe the train (enveloping category) of

.
On the uniform approximation of functions of bounded variation by Lagrange interpolation polynomials with a matrix

of Jacobi nodes
Authors: Trynin A. Yu.
Published: April 2020

Let sequences

,

satisfy the relations

,

,

,

as

, and let

and

. We redefine the function

as

on the interval

by polygonal arcs in such a way that the function remains continuous and vanishes on a neighbourhood of the ends of the interval. Also let the function

and the pair of sequences

,

be connected by the equiconvergence condition. Then for the classical Lagrange–Jacobi interpolation processes

to approximate

uniformly with respect to

on

it is sufficient that

have bounded variation

on

. In particular, if the sequences

and

are bounded, then for the classical Lagrange–Jacobi interpolation processes

to approximate

uniformly with respect to

on

it is sufficient that the variation of

be bounded on

,

.
Solenoidal attractors of diffeomorphisms of annular sets
Authors: Glyzin S. D. , Kolesov A. Yu. , Rozov N. Kh.
Published: April 2020

An arbitrary diffeomorphism

of an annular set of the form

is considered, where

is a ball in a Banach space and

is a (finite- or infinite-dimensional) torus. A system of effective sufficient conditions is proposed which ensure that

has a global attractor

that can be represented as a generalized solenoid, that is, the inverse limit

, where

is an expanding linear endomorphism of the torus

. Furthermore, the restriction

is topologically conjugate to a shift map of the solenoid.

Bibliography: 25 titles.
Effects of macrophage-conditioned medium on sika deer (Cervus nippon) antler stem cells
Authors: Wang Zhen , Wang Datao , Qin Tao , Ba Hengxing , Wei Guanning , Li Yong , Yu Wei , Li Chunyi
Published: April 2020

Context
Immune system has been claimed as the ‘main switch’ of tissue or organ regeneration. Among immune cells, macrophages stand out as important modulators in mutiple regeneration models, such as planarian, axolotl, mammalian hair and liver. As a unique model for mammals, deer antler is considered to ideal for studying complete mammalian organ regeneration. Studies have found that antler regeneration is a stem cell-based process and antler stem cells locate in the pedicle periosteum (PP). Although the regulatory roles of the immune system in other regeneration models have been extensively studied, they remain unstudied in antler regeneration.

Aims
To explore the possible role of macrophages in the PP cells (PPCs).

Methods
We treated PPCs with a macrophage-conditioned medium (MCM) and detected effects of MCM on proliferation, migration and apoptosis of the PPCs, and identified differentially expressed genes by using the RNA-seq technique.

Key results
We found that MCM enhanced proliferation rate and migration rate significantly and stimulated apoptosis of the PPCs. Using the RNA-seq technique, we identified 112 differentially expressed genes in the PPCs (38 downregulated and 74 upregulated) after the MCM treatment. Furthermore, gene-ontology annotation analyses showed that the upregulated genes were mainly involved in cell adhesion, chemotaxis, wound healing, growth factor-stimulated responses, and bone formation, and the downregulated genes were involved in regulation of biosynthesis.

Conclusions
MCM had a great influence on the antler stem cells, and macrophages might regulate antler regeneration through altering the microenvironment and gene-expression profiles of the PPCs.

Implications
We believe that the results of the present study would facilitate the discovery of the roles of immune system in antler stem cells and, thus, mammalian organ regeneration in general.
How ‘Gondwanan’ is Riethia? Molecular phylogenetics elucidates the mode and tempo of diversification in Austro-Pacific Chironominae (Diptera)
Authors: Krosch Matt N. , Herold Nicholas , Thornhill Andrew H. , Cranston Peter S.
Published: April 2020

Riethia Kieffer, a genus of the non-biting midge subfamily Chironominae (Diptera: Chironomidae) is distributed in Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia and South America. This austral distribution could be due to earth history (vicariance) or from Southern Hemisphere dispersal(s). We obtained samples from each area, most intensively from throughout Australia. We included putative sister genus Pseudochironomus Malloch, many genera from tribe Tanytarsini, enigmatic taxa in Chironomini and conventional outgroups from other subfamilies. We assembled a multilocus molecular dataset for four genetic regions from 107 individuals to reconstruct the first dated molecular phylogeny for the group. Four terminal clusters corresponded to unreared (thus unassociated) larvae. Monophyly was supported for ‘core’ Riethia, Pseudochironomus, putative tribe Pseudochironomini, tribe Tanytarsini (including enigmatic Nandeva Wiedenbrug, Reiss & Fittkau) and subfamily Chironominae. All species are monophyletic except for R. cinctipes Freeman, which includes R. neocaledonica Cranston. Riethia zeylandica Freeman, previously thought to be widespread in eastern Australia, now is a New Zealand endemic with Australian specimens allocated now to several regionally restricted species. The origin of Riethia was at 60.6 Ma (‘core’) or 52.1 Ma depending on the relationship of two South American species. Both dates are before the break-up of South America and Australia. Diversification within crown group Riethia started before the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary, with subsequent separation at 52 Ma of an Australian ‘clade I’ from its sister ‘clade II’, which comprises Australian, New Zealand and New Caledonian species. Inferred dates for species origins of New Caledonia and New Zealand taxa imply transoceanic dispersals from eastern Australia. Western Australian species diverged during the mid to late Miocene from their eastern Australian sister taxa. This correlates with the onset of drying of Australia and the separation of mesic east from west by the formation of an arid proto-Nullarbor. Taken together, the inferred tempo of diversification in the group included both older ages reflecting earth history, yet with suggested recent intra-Pacific separations due to transoceanic dispersals.
Nation and race in the twentieth century scientific discourse on
Viking Age runestones
Authors: Holmberg Per
Published: April 2020

The boom for researching runestone inscriptions in the
early twentieth century coincided with a renewed romantic and often
nationalistic interest in the Viking Age. This study investigates
how a passage of the most famous runestone inscription, the Rök
Runestone, was interpreted as a reference to the Ostrogoth emperor
Theodoric the Great. It focuses on the work of two linguists, Otto
Höfler (1901–1987) and Elias Wessén (1889–1981), who engaged in a
three-decade-long debate on this issue. The analysis unfolds a
discursive tension between race and nation in the legitimisation of
the supposed Gothic connection.
Processes of destandardization and demotization in the micro-macro perspective
Authors: Dovalil Vít
Published: April 2020

The fact that the processes of language standardization can be interpreted in terms of language management has been well known for decades. However, this kind of language change should not be taken for a one-way process, because there is clear evidence of opposite processes in which the degree of standardization decreases. Some of these processes are called destandardization, others demotization (Auer & Spiekermann, 2011; Kristiansen & Coupland, 2011; Mattheier, 1997). This paper seeks to explore the differences between these concepts and to operationalize them for empirical research. To achieve these goals, it refers to different kinds of expectations, the phases of the language management process and micro-macro-perspectives, which are a part of language management theory (Nekvapil & Sherman, 2015; Fairbrother, Nekvapil & Sloboda, 2018).