bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Daucosterol Inhibits the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells via Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling
Authors: Zeng Junquan , Liu Xing , Li Xiaofei , Zheng Yongliang , Liu Bin , Xiao Youzhang
Published: June 2017

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of daucosterol on HCC by investigating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In this study, HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells were treated with varying concentrations of daucosterol, and the corresponding inhibitory effects on HCC cells were examined via CCK-8 assays. Cell migration and invasion abilities were detected via transwell assays. β-Catenin and phospho (p)-β-catenin levels were analyzed via western blotting. Our results showed that daucosterol reduced the proliferation, migration, and invasion capacities of HCC cells in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, daucosterol reduced the levels of β-catenin and p-β-catenin in HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells. Furthermore, the Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor SB-216763 was used to treat HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells with daucosterol. Our results showed that co-treatment with daucosterol and SB-216763 abolished the effects of daucosterol on cell inhibition ratios, cell migration, and cell invasion. These findings indicated that daucosterol inhibited cell migration and invasion in HCC cells via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Therefore, our study highlights the use of daucosterol as a promising therapeutic strategy for HCC treatment.
An Overview of Structurally Modified Glycyrrhetinic Acid Derivatives as Antitumor Agents
Authors: Xu Bing , Wu Gao-Rong , Zhang Xin-Yu , Yan Meng-Meng , Zhao Rui , Xue Nan-Nan , Fang Kang , Wang Hui , Chen Meng , Guo Wen-Bo , Wang Peng-Long , Lei Hai-Min
Published: June 2017

Glycyrrhetinic Acid (GA), a triterpenoid aglycone component of the natural product glycyrrhizinic acid, was found to possess remarkable anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing activity in various cancer cell lines. Though GA was not as active as other triterpenes, such as betulinic acid and oleanolic acid, it could trigger apoptosis in tumor cells and it can be obtained easily and cheaply, which has stimulated scientific interest in using GA as a scaffold to synthesize new antitumor agents. The structural modifications of GA reported in recent decades can be divided into four groups, which include structural modifications on ring-A, ring-C, ring-E and multiple ring modifications. The lack of a comprehensive and recent review on this topic prompted us to gather more new information. This overview is dedicated to summarizing and updating the structural modification of GA to improve its antitumor activity published between 2005 and 2016. We reviewed a total of 210 GA derivatives that we encountered and compiled the most active GA derivatives along with their activity profile in different series. Furthermore, the structure activity relationships of these derivatives are briefly discussed. The included information is expected to be of benefit to further studies of structural modifications of GA to enhance its antitumor activity.
Simultaneous Quantification of Multiple Representative Components in the Xian-Ling-Gu-Bao Capsule by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Yao Zhi-Hong , Qin Zi-Fei , Cheng Hong , Wu Xiao-Meng , Dai Yi , Wang Xin-Luan , Qin Ling , Ye Wen-Cai , Yao Xin-Sheng
Published: June 2017

Xian-Ling-Gu-Bao capsule (XLGB), a famous traditional Chinese medicine prescription, is extensively used for the treatment of osteoporosis in China. However, few studies on the holistic quality control of XLGB have been reported. In this study, a reliable method using 18 representative components in XLGB was successfully established and applied to evaluate 34 batches of XLGB samples by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS). The choice of quantitative markers mostly followed four principles, i.e., absorbed components in plasma, bioactive compounds with in vitro anti-osteoporosis activity, those derived from multiple individual medicinal herbs in XLGB with multiple representative structure types, and quantitative chemical markers in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The results showed chemical consistency was good except for individual batches. Multivariate statistical analysis indicated that asperosaponin VI from Radix Dipsaci, epimedin C, magnoflorine, and icariin from Herba Epimedii as well as timosaponin BII from Rhizoma Anemarrhenae varied significantly in multiple samples, which hinted an assay for these four components should be completed during all of the manufacturing processes. Taken together, this study provided a feasible method for holistic quality control of XLGB by multiple chemical markers, which could play a vital role in guaranteeing the safety, effectiveness, and controllability of administering the capsules as a medication in clinics.
The Evolving Interplay among Abundant Adipokines in Patients with Hepatitis C during Viral Clearance
Authors: Chang Ming-Ling , Chen Tsung-Hsing , Hsu Chen-Ming , Lin Cheng-Hui , Lin Cheng-Yu , Kuo Chia-Jung , Huang Shu-Wei , Chen Chun-Wei , Cheng Hao-Tsai , Yeh Chau-Ting , Chiu Cheng-Tang
Published: June 2017

How hepatatitis C virus (HCV) infection affects the interplay among abundant adipokines in the host remains unclear. A prospective study was conducted with 450 consecutive genotype 1 (G1) and G2 HCV patients who completed a course of anti-HCV therapy and underwent pre-therapy and 24-week post-therapy surveys to assess various profiles and levels of abundant adipokines, including leptin, adiponectin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Before anti-HCV therapy, multivariate analyses showed gender to be associated with leptin and adiponectin levels, and BMI with leptin and PAI-1 levels. Among patients with a sustained virological response (SVR, n = 372), associations at 24 weeks post-therapy were as follows: gender and BMI with all adipokine levels; hepatic steatosis and aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index with adiponectin levels; and HOMA-IR and HCV genotype with PAI-1 levels. Paired t-tests revealed increased post-therapeutic PAI-1 levels in G1 SVR patients and decreased adiponectin levels in all SVR patients compared to pre-therapeutic levels. HCV infection may obscure associations between abundant adipokines and metabolic/hepatic profiles. In SVR patients, a higher hierarchical status of PAI-1 versus adiponectin in affecting glucose metabolism was noted at 24 weeks post-therapy. Such genotype-non-specific adiponectin decreases and G1-specific PAI-1 increases warrant careful follow-up of HCV patients after SVR according to viral genotype.
Comparative Study of Neural Network Frameworks for the Next Generation of Adaptive Optics Systems
Authors: González-Gutiérrez Carlos , Santos Jesús , Martínez-Zarzuela Mario , Basden Alistair , Osborn James , Díaz-Pernas Francisco , De Cos Juez Francisco
Published: June 2017

Many of the next generation of adaptive optics systems on large and extremely large telescopes require tomographic techniques in order to correct for atmospheric turbulence over a large field of view. Multi-object adaptive optics is one such technique. In this paper, different implementations of a tomographic reconstructor based on a machine learning architecture named “CARMEN” are presented. Basic concepts of adaptive optics are introduced first, with a short explanation of three different control systems used on real telescopes and the sensors utilised. The operation of the reconstructor, along with the three neural network frameworks used, and the developed CUDA code are detailed. Changes to the size of the reconstructor influence the training and execution time of the neural network. The native CUDA code turns out to be the best choice for all the systems, although some of the other frameworks offer good performance under certain circumstances.
Analysis and Validation of Contactless Time-Gated Interrogation Technique for Quartz Resonator Sensors
Authors: Baù Marco , Ferrari Marco , Ferrari Vittorio
Published: June 2017

A technique for contactless electromagnetic interrogation of AT-cut quartz piezoelectric resonator sensors is proposed based on a primary coil electromagnetically air-coupled to a secondary coil connected to the electrodes of the resonator. The interrogation technique periodically switches between interleaved excitation and detection phases. During the excitation phase, the resonator is set into vibration by a driving voltage applied to the primary coil, whereas in the detection phase, the excitation signal is turned off and the transient decaying response of the resonator is sensed without contact by measuring the voltage induced back across the primary coil. This approach ensures that the readout frequency of the sensor signal is to a first order approximation independent of the interrogation distance between the primary and secondary coils. A detailed theoretical analysis of the interrogation principle based on a lumped-element equivalent circuit is presented. The analysis has been experimentally validated on a 4.432 MHz AT-cut quartz crystal resonator, demonstrating the accurate readout of the series resonant frequency and quality factor over an interrogation distance of up to 2 cm. As an application, the technique has been applied to the measurement of liquid microdroplets deposited on a 4.8 MHz AT-cut quartz crystal. More generally, the proposed technique can be exploited for the measurement of any physical or chemical quantities affecting the resonant response of quartz resonator sensors.
A Robust 96.6-dB-SNDR 50-kHz-Bandwidth Switched-Capacitor Delta-Sigma Modulator for IR Imagers in Space Instrumentation
Authors: Dei Michele , Sutula Stepan , Cisneros Jose , Pun Ernesto , Jansen Richard , Terés Lluís , Serra-Graells Francisco
Published: June 2017

Infrared imaging technology, used both to study deep-space bodies’ radiation and environmental changes on Earth, experienced constant improvements in the last few years, pushing data converter designers to face new challenges in terms of speed, power consumption and robustness against extremely harsh operating conditions. This paper presents a 96.6-dB-SNDR (Signal-to-Noise-plus-Distortion Ratio) 50-kHz-bandwidth fourth-order single-bit switched-capacitor delta-sigma modulator for ADC operating at 1.8 V and consuming 7.9 mW ﬁt for space instrumentation. The circuit features novel Class-AB single-stage switched variable-mirror ampliﬁers (SVMAs) enabling low-power operation, as well as low sensitivity to both process and temperature deviations for the whole modulator. The physical implementation resulted in a 1.8-mm2 chip integrated in a standard 0.18-µm 1-poly-6-metal (1P6M) CMOS technology, and it reaches a 164.6-dB Schreier ﬁgure of merit from experimental SNDR measurements without making use of any clock bootstrapping,analogcalibration,nordigitalcompensationtechnique. Whencoupledtoa2048×2048 IR imager, the current design allows more than 50 frames per minute with a resolution of 16 effective number of bits (ENOB) while consuming less than 300 mW.
Indoor Trajectory Tracking Scheme Based on Delaunay Triangulation and Heuristic Information in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Qin Junping , Sun Shiwen , Deng Qingxu , Liu Limin , Tian Yonghong
Published: June 2017

Object tracking and detection is one of the most significant research areas for wireless sensor networks. Existing indoor trajectory tracking schemes in wireless sensor networks are based on continuous localization and moving object data mining. Indoor trajectory tracking based on the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) has received increased attention because it has low cost and requires no special infrastructure. However, RSSI tracking introduces uncertainty because of the inaccuracies of measurement instruments and the irregularities (unstable, multipath, diffraction) of wireless signal transmissions in indoor environments. Heuristic information includes some key factors for trajectory tracking procedures. This paper proposes a novel trajectory tracking scheme based on Delaunay triangulation and heuristic information (TTDH). In this scheme, the entire field is divided into a series of triangular regions. The common side of adjacent triangular regions is regarded as a regional boundary. Our scheme detects heuristic information related to a moving object’s trajectory, including boundaries and triangular regions. Then, the trajectory is formed by means of a dynamic time-warping position-fingerprint-matching algorithm with heuristic information constraints. Field experiments show that the average error distance of our scheme is less than 1.5 m, and that error does not accumulate among the regions.
CO2 Emission Performance, Mitigation Potential, and Marginal Abatement Cost of Industries Covered in China’s Nationwide Emission Trading Scheme: A Meta-Frontier Analysis
Authors: Xing Zhencheng , Wang Jigan , Zhang Jie
Published: June 2017

China’s nationwide emission trading scheme (CN-ETS) is scheduled to be launched in 2017. It is of great urgency and necessity to obtain a good understanding of the participating sectors of CN-ETS in terms of energy utilization and CO2 emissions. In this regard, it should be noted that the findings may be biased without taking industry heterogeneity into consideration. To this end, a meta-frontier framework with the directional distance function is employed to estimate the CO2 emission performance (CEP), mitigation potential (MP), and marginal abatement cost (MAC) at sector levels under the meta-frontier and the group-frontier. The results indicate that significant disparities in the CEP, MP, and MAC exist under both frontiers among various sectors, and the sectoral distributions of CEP, MP, and MAC are found to be different between the two frontiers. Additionally, the differences between the two frontiers in terms of CEP, MP, and MAC are considerable, and exhibit unequal distributions among these sectors. Notably, MAC under both frontiers and the difference between them are found to be significantly correlated with the carbon intensity. Finally, policy implications are provided for the government and participating enterprises, respectively.
A Case Study of Effective Support Working Resistance and Roof Support Technology in Thick Seam Fully-Mechanized Face Mining with Hard Roof Conditions
Authors: Guo Wei-bin , Wang Hong-sheng , Dong Guo-wei , Li Lei , Huang Yao-guang
Published: June 2017

This paper presents the engineering geological properties and roof control tecnology for a thick coal seam fully-mechanized face mining with hard roof conditions (THC) at the Jinhuagong Coal Mine (JCM), northwest China. The effective support working resistance and appropriate roof control technology are two critical factors for safe and productive mining in the THC. The load-estimate-method (LOEM) is the effective method to determine the support working resistance for normal working conditions (the mining height less than 3.5 m). In order to prevent support crushing accidents from happening and to ensure the safety and high-efficiency in the THC, the LOEM was modified based on the structure of the overlying strata in the THC. The strata which can form the voussoir beam structure in normal working conditions and will break in the form of cantilever beam in the THC is defined as the key strata in the immediate roof. Therefore, the hanging length of the key strata in the immediate roof was considered in the LOEM. Furthermore, a method for calculating the hanging length of the key strata in the immediate roof and its influencing factors were proposed using cantilever beam theory analysis of the structure of the overlying strata. Moreover, in order to fully fill the goaf area with caving roof to reduce the energy accumulation of main roof movement, it was decided to apply destress blasting technique (DEBT) at the JCM to control the large hanging length of the hard roof, so as to reduce the impact of the hard main roof movement on the working face. The key technique parameters of the roof caving borehole were also proposed. The obtained results demonstrated that the theoretical analysis is reasonable, and the chosen support type and the DEBT could meet the roof control requirements. The THC has achieved safety and high-efficiency mining.
Agronomic Factors Affecting the Potential of Sorghum as a Feedstock for Bioethanol Production in the Kanto Region, Japan
Authors: Ishikawa Shoko , Tsukamoto Takayuki , Kato Hitoshi , Shigeta Kazuto , Yakushido Ken-ichi
Published: June 2017

In the Kanto region in Japan, the possibilities of running a bio-ethanol plant from rice straw has been assessed and sorghum production has been considered as a necessary part of the system. Two field experiments were conducted in 2012 and 2013 at the NARO—Agricultural Research Center in Tsukuba, Ibaraki to estimate yielding ability of sorghum in the Kanto region. Two cultivars of sweet sorghum and one of grain sorghum were sown using a pneumatic seeder. Above-ground dry matter (DM) yield ranged from 1.03 to 1.82 kg m−2 for the sorgo type cultivars and from 0.70 to 1.18 kg m−2 for the grain type cultivar. The observed yields were lower than the simulated potential yields, i.e., 1.61 to 2.66 kg m−2, indicating that biomass production was restricted in this study. Stem brix values for the sweet sorghum cultivars were generally low (3.3–16.2%) compared with the values reported in the literature. It appears that there is still room to improve the field management of sorghum to minimize the gap between the potential and actual production observed in these experiments.
Addressing Large-Scale Energy Retrofit of a Building Stock via Representative Building Samples: Public and Private Perspectives
Authors: Ascione Fabrizio , Bianco Nicola , Stasio Claudio , Mauro Gerardo , Vanoli Giuseppe
Published: June 2017

Scientific literature about energy retrofit focuses on single buildings, but the investigation of whole building stocks is particularly worthy because it can yield substantial energy, environmental and economic benefits. Hence, how to address large-scale energy retrofit of existing building stocks? The paper handles this issue by employing a methodology that provides a robust energy analysis of building categories. This is denoted as SLABE, “Simulation-based Large-scale uncertainty/sensitivity Analysis of Building Energy performance”. It was presented by the same authors and is here enhanced to investigate a whole and heterogeneous building stock that includes various categories. Each category is represented via a Representative Building Sample (RBS), which is defined through Latin hypercube sampling and uncertainty analysis. Hence, optimal retrofit packages are found in function of building location, intended use and construction type. Two families of optimal solutions are achieved. The first one collects the most energy-efficient (and thus sustainable) solutions, among the ones that produce global cost savings, thereby addressing the public perspective. The second one collects cost-optimal solutions thereby addressing the private perspective. EnergyPlus is employed as a simulation tool and coupled with MATLAB® for data analysis and processing. The methodology is applied to a significant share of the Italian public administration building stock, which includes several building categories depending on location, use destination and construction type. The outcomes show huge potential energy and economic savings, and could support a deep energy renovation of the Italian building stock.
Some Single-Valued Neutrosophic Dombi Weighted Aggregation Operators for Multiple Attribute Decision-Making
Authors: Chen Jiqian , Ye Jun
Published: June 2017

The Dombi operations of T-norm and T-conorm introduced by Dombi can have the advantage of good flexibility with the operational parameter. In existing studies, however, the Dombi operations have so far not yet been used for neutrosophic sets. To propose new aggregation operators for neutrosophic sets by the extension of the Dombi operations, this paper firstly presents the Dombi operations of single-valued neutrosophic numbers (SVNNs) based on the operations of the Dombi T-norm and T-conorm, and then proposes the single-valued neutrosophic Dombi weighted arithmetic average (SVNDWAA) operator and the single-valued neutrosophic Dombi weighted geometric average (SVNDWGA) operator to deal with the aggregation of SVNNs and investigates their properties. Because the SVNDWAA and SVNDWGA operators have the advantage of good flexibility with the operational parameter, we develop a multiple attribute decision-making (MADM) method based on the SVNWAA or SVNWGA operator under a SVNN environment. Finally, an illustrative example about the selection problem of investment alternatives is given to demonstrate the application and feasibility of the developed approach.
Immunologic and Virologic Mechanisms for Partial Protection from Intravenous Challenge by an Integration-Defective SIV Vaccine
Authors: Wang Chu , Jiang Chunlai , Gao Nan , Zhang Kaikai , Liu Donglai , Wang Wei , Cong Zhe , Qin Chuan , Ganusov Vitaly , Ferrari Guido , LaBranche Celia , Montefiori David , Kong Wei , Yu Xianghui , Gao Feng
Published: June 2017

The suppression of viral loads and identification of selection signatures in non-human primates after challenge are indicators for effective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) vaccines. To mimic the protective immunity elicited by attenuated SIV vaccines, we developed an integration-defective SIV (idSIV) vaccine by inactivating integrase, mutating sequence motifs critical for integration, and inserting the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter for more efficient expression in the SIVmac239 genome. Chinese rhesus macaques were immunized with idSIV DNA and idSIV particles, and the cellular and humoral immune responses were measured. After the intravenous SIVmac239 challenge, viral loads were monitored and selection signatures in viral genomes from vaccinated monkeys were identified by single genome sequencing. T cell responses, heterologous neutralization against tier-1 viruses, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) were detected in idSIV-vaccinated macaques post immunization. After challenge, the median peak viral load in the vaccine group was significantly lower than that in the control group. However, this initial viral control did not last as viral set-points were similar between vaccinated and control animals. Selection signatures were identified in Nef, Gag, and Env proteins in vaccinated and control macaques, but these signatures were different, suggesting selection pressure on viruses from vaccine-induced immunity in the vaccinated animals. Our results showed that the idSIV vaccine exerted some pressure on the virus population early during the infection but future modifications are needed in order to induce more potent immune responses.
Vulnerability of Buildings on Coastal Dikes due to Wave Overtopping
Authors: Chen Xuexue , Jonkman Sebastiaan , Pasterkamp Sander , Suzuki Tomohiro , Altomare Corrado
Published: June 2017

The vulnerability of buildings on coastal dikes due to overtopping wave impacts is difficult to assess. A method is developed in this paper to quantify the vulnerability of masonry buildings on a coastal dike exposed to wave overtopping. Using previous studies, the accidental loads due to the extreme wave impacts are characterized. Using the approach from Eurocode 6, the strength of masonry buildings under these loads is assessed. Results from a case study in Belgium show that masonry buildings located 10–15 m away from the seafront would suffer from localized damage, such as windows being broken under a 1000 year storm. The building would collapse under a 10,000-year storm. The method can be used to assess the safety of existing buildings on coastal dikes and to design new buildings.
LCA Methodology for the Quantification of the Carbon Footprint of the Integrated Urban Water System
Authors: Sambito Mariacrocetta , Freni Gabriele
Published: June 2017

In integrated urban water systems, energy consumption, and consequently the amount of produced CO2, depends on many environmental, infrastructural, and management factors such as supply water quality, on which treatment complexity depends, urban area orography, water systems efficiency, and maintenance levels. An important factor is related to the presence of significant water losses, which result in an increase in the supply volume and therefore a higher energy consumption for treatment and pumping, without effectively supplying users. The current European environmental strategy is committed to sustainable development by generating action plans to improve the environmental performance of products and services. The analysis of carbon footprints is considered one such improvement, allowing for the evaluation of the environmental impact of single production phases. Using this framework, the aim of the study is to apply a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology to quantify the carbon footprint of an overall integrated urban water system referring to ISO/TS 14067 (2013). This methodology uses an approach known as “cradle to grave” and presumes to conduct an objective assessment of product units, balancing energy, and matter flows along the production process. The methodology was applied to a real case study, i.e., the integrated urban water system of the Palermo metropolitan area in Sicily (Italy). Each process in the system was characterized and globally evaluated from the point of view of water loss, energy consumption, and CO2 production, and some mitigation strategies are proposed and evaluated to reduce the energy consumption and, consequently, the environmental impact of the system.
Constructed Wetlands for Water Treatment: New Developments
Authors: Carvalho Pedro , Arias Carlos , Brix Hans
Published: June 2017

Constructed wetlands (CWs) are currently regarded as established eco-technologies to treat water pollution. Although considered near-natural systems, they are totally engineered solutions for which research has been actively developed over the past decades. This paper provides a brief meta-analysis on the latest scientific publications in the field and an overview of the special issue focused on the new developments in the use of CWs for water treatment. The selected papers cover a wide range of relevant developments in the field, including the use of different CW system designs, the capacity to treat different types of pollutants, and studies aiming at getting a better understanding of the treatment processes in CWs.
Frequent Flaring in the TRAPPIST-1 System—Unsuited for Life?
Authors: Vida K. , Kővári Zs. , Pál A. , Oláh K. , Kriskovics L.
Published: June 2017

We analyze the K2 light curve of the TRAPPIST-1 system. The Fourier analysis of the data suggests P
rot = 3.295 ± 0.003 days. The light curve shows several flares, of which we analyzed 42 events with integrated flare energies of 1.26 × 1030–1.24 × 1033 erg. Approximately 12% of the flares were complex, multi-peaked eruptions. The flaring and the possible rotational modulation shows no obvious correlation. The flaring activity of TRAPPIST-1 probably continuously alters the atmospheres of the orbiting exoplanets, which makes these less favorable for hosting life.
Complex Organic Molecules toward Embedded Low-mass Protostars∗
Authors: Bergner Jennifer B. , Öberg Karin I. , Garrod Robin T. , Graninger Dawn M.
Published: June 2017

Complex organic molecules (COMs) have been observed toward several low-mass young stellar objects (LYSOs). Small and heterogeneous samples have so far precluded conclusions on typical COM abundances, as well as the origin(s) of abundance variations between sources. We present observations toward 16 deeply embedded (Class 0/I) low-mass protostars using the IRAM 30 m telescope. We detect CH2CO, CH3CHO, CH3OCH3, CH3OCHO, CH3CN, HNCO, and HC3N toward 67%, 37%, 13%, 13%, 44%, 81%, and 75% of sources, respectively. Median column densities derived using survival analysis range between 6.0 × 1010 cm−2 (CH3CN) and 2.4 × 1012 cm−2 (CH3OCH3), and median abundances range between 0.48% (CH3CN) and 16% (HNCO) with respect to CH3OH. Column densities for each molecule vary by about one order of magnitude across the sample. Abundances with respect to CH3OH are more narrowly distributed, especially for oxygen-bearing species. We compare observed median abundances with a chemical model for low-mass protostars and find fair agreement, although some modeling work remains to bring abundances higher with respect to CH3OH. Median abundances with respect to CH3OH in LYSOs are also found to be generally comparable to observed abundances in hot cores, hot corinos, and massive YSOs. Compared with comets, our sample is comparable for all molecules except HC3N and CH2CO, which likely become depleted at later evolutionary stages.
The Lyman Continuum Escape Fraction of Emission Line-selected z ∼ 2.5 Galaxies Is Less Than 15%
Authors: Rutkowski Michael J. , Scarlata Claudia , Henry Alaina , Hayes Matthew , Mehta Vihang , Hathi Nimish , Cohen Seth , Windhorst Rogier , Koekemoer Anton M. , Teplitz Harry I. , Haardt Francesco , Siana Brian
Published: June 2017

Recent work suggests that strong emission line, star-forming galaxies (SFGs) may be significant Lyman continuum leakers. We combine archival Hubble Space Telescope broadband ultraviolet and optical imaging (F275W and F606W, respectively) with emission line catalogs derived from WFC3 IR G141 grism spectroscopy to search for escaping Lyman continuum (LyC) emission from homogeneously selected z ∼ 2.5 SFGs. We detect no escaping Lyman continuum from SFGs selected on [O ii] nebular emission (N = 208) and, within a narrow redshift range, on [O iii]/[O ii]. We measure 1σ upper limits to the LyC escape fraction relative to the non-ionizing UV continuum from [O ii] emitters, f
esc ≲ 5.6%, and strong [O iii]/[O ii] > 5 ELGs, f
esc ≲ 14.0%. Our observations are not deep enough to detect f
esc ∼ 10% typical of low-redshift Lyman continuum emitters. However, we find that this population represents a small fraction of the star-forming galaxy population at z ∼ 2. Thus, unless the number of extreme emission line galaxies grows substantially to z ≳ 6, such galaxies may be insufficient for reionization. Deeper survey data in the rest-frame ionizing UV will be necessary to determine whether strong line ratios could be useful for pre-selecting LyC leakers at high redshift.
La démocratisation culturelle à petits pas
Authors: Giraud Frédérique
Published: June 2017

L’auteure étudie un dispositif de démocratisation de l’enseignement des pratiques artistiques, l’Orchestre à l’école, déployé dans une école élémentaire d’un quartier défavorisé d’immigration dans une banlieue en fragilité sociale d’une grande ville française. Ce dispositif fait l’objet d’une valorisation intense de la part des élèves, sans pour autant que les objectifs inscrivant l’action dans la politique de démocratisation de la ville soient lisibles, homogènes chez tous les intervenants, ni toujours concrètement mis en œuvre. Ce paradoxe constitue le point névralgique permettant de comprendre l’ambivalence du dispositif entre exigences artistiques et scolaires.
Historiciser les pratiques pédagogiques d’éducation populaire
Authors: Vennin Léo
Published: June 2017

Cette contribution propose une mise en perspective sociohistorique des pratiques pédagogiques de l’éducation populaire à travers l’étude de deux associations majeures sur la période de l’après-guerre. Envisageant l’éducation populaire comme « lieu » historique de production et de circulation de savoirs pédagogiques, il s’agit d’appréhender son institutionnalisation à travers les pratiques plutôt que les structures. L’enjeu est de questionner la tension entre des pratiques de pédagogies actives qui se veulent souples et différenciées et le processus historique de l’institutionnalisation qui tend à durcir, homogénéiser et standardiser les méthodes d’un champ à l’épreuve de la professionnalisation.
Épreuve d’éducation populaire politique au Pavé
Authors: Morvan Alexia
Published: June 2017

L’éducation populaire politique désigne comme objet de recherche des pratiques consistant à s’instruire rigoureusement et collectivement dans les conflits de l’existence grâce à une pédagogie populaire. Le terrain d’étude est une des pratiques d’éducation populaire du Pavé, celle des récits de vie, qui tentait, en formation, un travail d’analyse et de mobilisation politique à partir d’évènements significatifs de l’existence des personnes, inscrits dans un contexte socio-historique. Au regard du concept de conscientisation, l’expérience révèle des limites en termes de cadres d’interprétation des situations conflictuelles, au détriment de la transformation sociale espérée.
Modalités relationnelles au sein du couple âgé à l’épreuve de la maladie d’Alzheimer
Authors: Caleca Catherine
Published: June 2017

Les personnes âgées en couple sont encore le plus souvent à l’heure actuelle porteuses d’une longue vie commune où elles ont élaboré ensemble les pertes liées au vieillissement. L’atteinte de l’une d’entre elles par la maladie d’Alzheimer modifie progressivement et profondément les relations au sein du couple. L’accroissement des difficultés rencontrées rend nécessaire l’intervention de professionnels. Leur grille de lecture en termes d’aidant naturel et de personne dépendante ainsi que leurs propositions d’interventions se heurtent souvent à une grande réticence. En effet, la majoration des troubles entraîne un rapprochement quasi fusionnel des deux conjoints. La prise en compte de ces modalités relationnelles devrait permettre d’aménager ces interventions.
Approche économique de l’aide informelle Analyse des comportements de prise en charge et de la place du soutien familial dans notre système de protection sociale
Authors: Fontaine Roméo
Published: June 2017

La mise en évidence de l’importance de l’aide informelle a conduit au développement de travaux économiques visant à mieux comprendre les déterminants, conséquences et mécanismes socioéconomiques de la mobilisation familiale. Un premier axe d’analyse s’inscrit au niveau individuel et familial et vise à mieux comprendre les comportements d’aide. Il met en lumière l’importance de la dimension familiale encadrant les comportements individuels et les coûts indirects de l’aide informelle. Un deuxième axe s’inscrit au niveau collectif et s’interroge sur la place de l’aide informelle dans notre système de protection sociale, à côté des solidarités publiques et de la prévoyance individuelle. Si l’effet d’éviction des solidarités familiales par les solidarités publiques semble très limité, l’effet d’éviction de la demande d’assurance dépendance par l’aide informelle semble plus important.
Healthcare service innovation based on information technology : The role of social values alignment
Authors: Marsan Josianne , Audebrand Luc K. , Croteau Anne-Marie , Magnin Gabrielle
Published: June 2017

Le dossier de santé personnel informatisé (DSPI) est une technologie de l’information (TI) conçue pour l’autonomisation des patients en matière d’autogestion de la santé. Toutefois, son déploiement réel reste moindre que prévu en raison de deux barrières principales que doivent adresser les fournisseurs de DSPI : manque de confiance envers le fournisseur dans la confidentialité des données et manque de flexibilité de l’outil. Pour outrepasser ces barrières, nous envisageons la possibilité que les DSPI soient offerts par les coopératives de santé en collaboration avec la communauté de développement open source partageant des valeurs similaires. En mobilisant le concept d’alignement social qui met l’accent sur les valeurs, nous explorons d’abord la possibilité d’alignements sociaux entre les valeurs sous-jacentes à la mission des coopératives de santé et celles sous-jacentes à la finalité des DSPI, et entre les valeurs fondamentales des coopératives de santé et celles des communautés de développement open source. Nous explorons aussi l’effet de ces alignements potentiels sur l’intérêt des coopératives de santé à innover avec un service de santé basé sur le DSPI. Pour atteindre nos objectifs de recherche 17 entrevues ont été menées dans des coopératives de santé au Québec, une province du Canada où le réseau des coopératives de santé est particulièrement actif. Nos résultats montrent que le concept d’alignement des valeurs sociales est utile dans le contexte de l’innovation de service basé sur un DSPI dans les coopératives de santé. Toutefois, notre analyse des données montre que l’alignement des valeurs sociales ne suffit pas pour qu’une telle innovation se produise. En effet, nos résultats nous ont conduits vers le concept de prédisposition organisationnelle afin de mieux comprendre ce qui est nécessaire pour augmenter la probabilité que l’innovation de service basé sur un DSPI se produise au sein des coopératives de santé. Cette étude se termine par l’amorce d’un développement théorique où nous bâtissons sur nos résultats et sur la littérature pour proposer un modèle conceptuel de l’innovation de service basé sur les TI dans les organisations de soins de santé.
De la rencontre en cothérapie
Authors: Pérot Caroline , El Ouardi Abdelali
Published: June 2017

Dans cet article, nous construisons le récit d’une rencontre de deux thérapeutes dans le cadre d’une cothérapie de couple. Nous décrivons et théorisons sur cette rencontre : le contexte de la cothérapie, les personnes concernées et enfin comment la rencontre se forme et se transforme au fil des interactions... pour devenir thérapeutique.
L’utilisation du soi du thérapeute
Authors: Calicis Florence
Published: June 2017

En présence de ses patients, le thérapeute pense, éprouve des émotions, des sensations ; il est traversé de souvenirs personnels, d’associations, de métaphores... De ce riche matériel, il ne leur restitue généralement que peu d’éléments relevant de la sphère affective – émotions, sensations, images – car très souvent, il privilégie plutôt les idées, les représentations, les hypothèses, à savoir du matériel issu de la sphère cognitive. De plus, ce qu’il leur communique provient plutôt de son soi professionnel que de son soi privé. Cette double censure a de bonnes raisons d’être car le thérapeute a un rôle professionnel à tenir à l’égard de ses patients. Mais n’est-ce pas là du gaspillage, voire de l’automutilation ? Bien élaborées et moyennant certaines mesures de précaution, les interventions comportant une utilisation plus large du soi du thérapeute sont parmi les plus mobilisatrices. Cet article propose des illustrations cliniques ainsi que des repères méthodologiques pour les construire.
Espace coparental et mécanismes de triangulation dans les familles adolescentes
Authors: Liguori Marco
Published: June 2017

Cet article aborde, à l’aide de la notion de coparentage (McHale, 1995), la question des mécanismes de triangulation dans les familles adolescentes. Après avoir contextualisé les termes de notre problématique, nous exposons les résultats d’une recherche clinique effectuée auprès de trente-quatre triades père-mère-adolescent réparties en deux groupes en fonction de la présence/absence de troubles internalisés chez l’adolescent. Nos résultats montrent dans le groupe cible qu’un conflit coparental ouvert apparaît paradoxalement baisser le vécu de triangulation de l’adolescent, laissant entrevoir ainsi le caractère clandestin des mécanismes de triangulation, et l’importance des inférences cognitives des adolescents dans ces contextes.
Assessing Self-Regulation of Learning Dimensions in a Stand-alone MOOC Platform
Authors: Onah Daniel Friday Owoichoche , Sinclair Jane E
Published: June 2017

A capacity for self-regulated learning (SRL) has long been recognised as an important factor in successful studies. Although educational researchers have started to investigate the concept of SRL in the context of online education, very little is yet known about SRL in relation to massive open online courses (MOOCs) or of appropriate strategies to foster SRL skills in MOOC learners. Self-regulation is particularly important in a MOOC-based study, which demands effective independent learning, and where widely acknowledged high dropout rates are observed. This study reports an investigation and assessment of the concept of SRL using a novel MOOC platform (eLDa) by providing study options (either via a self-directed learning or instructor-led learning) using a novel learning tool. In view of this, the research presents general description of self-regulated learning and explored the various existing dimensions used to expose the learners SRL skills. Drawing comparison of the online tool, the results and findings of the data were analysed. The study dis¬cusses how the various dimensions contributed to the knowledge representation of the self-regulated learning abilities shown by the learners. We present how these SRL dimensions captured using the measuring instrument contributes to our growing understanding of the distinctive features of the individual learner’s self-regulated learning. MOOCs success required a high performance of self-regulated learning abilities which at the moment very little has shown these degree of supporting SRL skills. This paper presents preliminary evaluation of a novel e-learning tool known, as ‘eLDa’ developed to implement this investi¬gation of self-regulation of learning. The research applied a modified online self-regulated learning questionnaire (OSLQ) as the instrument to measure the SRL skills. The modified questionnaire known as MOOC OSLQ (MOSLQ) was developed with a 19-item scale questions that exposes the six SRL dimensions used in this study.
A Study on the Analysis of Airtightness Performance of Dilapidated Dwelling According to the Application of Windbreak
Authors: Lee Su In , Choi Hyun Jung , Choi Gyeong Seok , Kang Jae Sik
Published: June 2017

The airtightness performance of dilapidated dwellings is low. Infiltration occurs due to such low airtightness performance, causing the energy loss. Energy loss due to infiltration accounts for more than 30% of total energy loss in a building. Therefore, the airtightness performance should be considered by priority when retrofit of dilapidated dwelling is carried out. To improve the airtightness performance, numerous studies are underway. As a result, various products have been developed. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of windbreak for improving the airtightness performance of dwelling and analyze the improvement level of airtightness performance of the room quantitatively after the windbreak is actually applied to dilapidated dwelling. In order to measure the airtightness performance of window where windbreak was applied, we measured the airtightness performance of window before and after windbreak was applied. Also, for the field performance evaluation, 27 dwellings were selected to measure the airtightness performance of the windbreak applied room. The measurement result showed that the infiltration rate of window where windbreak was applied decreased by approximately 48.66% in comparison to that before the windbreak was applied. And, The ACH50 (Air Change per Hour at 50 pascals of pressure) of the room where the windbreak was applied decreased by approximately 31.61%, confirming that the airtightness performance of window was improved through the application of windbreak.
A New k-ω Model for Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulent Duct Flow
Authors: Zhang Xia Wan , Mao Jie , Yu Liang
Published: June 2017

A solver for MHD turbulent flow and a new RANS model based on k-ω model in the open source toolbox OpenFOAM are developed to investigate magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulent flow. Two electro-magnetic terms in the k and ω transport equations are added to include magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects. The modified k-ω is validated by simulating MHD turbulent duct flow. Time-averaged velocity and turbulent kinetic energy profiles simulated by standard k-ω and the modified k-ω in the fully developed section are both reported. The results compare fairly with those obtained from DNS data. A difference of 8.4% in is found between the modified k-ω and DNS, but the RANS model only uses 0.4% of the DNS computation time.
The Effectiveness of Using RAA-TA Additives for the Preparation of Warm Asphalt Concrete
Authors: Yadykina Valentina V. , Gridchin Anatoly M. , Trautvain Anna , Kholopov Vladimir
Published: June 2017

The possibility to reduce the temperature during manufacturing and the temperature of compaction of asphalt mix by introducing the specially designed RAA-TA (Road Adhesive Additive for the warm asphalt concrete) additive to the bitumen has been demonstrated. Reducing the preparation temperature for asphalt mixture to 130 ° C, and the compaction temperature of the hot mix to 100 ° C, by using the additives, the characteristics of warm asphalt concrete meet the requirements of State Standards for hot asphalt concrete. The results indicate that the administration of additives improves strength at 20 and 50 ° C and reduces this index at 0 ° C, and with increasing the concentration of the researched additive its positive effect increases. The greatest effect of the additive is observed on such parameters as water saturation and water resistance of asphalt concrete, which is obviously connected with the improved encapsulation of mineral materials by bitumen due to the reduction of its viscosity and improvement of adhesive properties due to the additive composition. This will reduce the fuel consumption, the emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere during the bituminous mixture production and asphalt coating making, as well as increase the distance of its transportation to the work site. At the same time the physical and mechanical characteristics of asphalt concrete with the addition of RAA-TA do not deteriorate. As a result of reducing the temperature of laying and compacting of asphalt mix the season of road construction can be extended and the pressure on the environment can be significantly reduced.
The Effects of Calcination Temperatures in the Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Magnesium Oxide via Sol-Gel Technique
Authors: Mohd Yusoff Hanis , Rafit Faridatul Akmar , Mohamad Fatin Izwani , Hassan Norhafiefa , Daud Adibah Izzati
Published: June 2017

This study highlights on a convenient and optimised method for the preparation of nanocrystalline magnesium oxide (MgO) catalyst via sol-gel combustion method. Nanocrystalline MgO was prepared by using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a complexing agent and metal nitrate (Mg (NO 3 )2.6H2O) as a precursor. The obtained MgO powder was calcined at 200 °C, 400 °C, 600 °C and 800 °C. All the MgO calcined samples including commercial MgO were characterised using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and N2 adsorption-desorption Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). From FTIR analysis, the appearance of a peak at 3700 cm-1 represent the O-H stretching bonded with Mg and the broad absorption peak at 3421 cm-1 indicates O-H stretching band which is due to the absorption of moisture from the surrounding. (BET) results indicate the MgO sample that has been calcined at 400 °C shows the largest surface area. SEM images show there is porosity in all MgO powder. While XRD patterns revealed that higher temperature of calcination gives higher crystallinity of the MgO samples.
Sensor Fusion Algorithm that Has Resilience under Autonomous Driving Conditions: A Survey
Authors: Park Sung Bum , Kwon Hyeok Chan , Lee Dong Hoon
Published: June 2017

Autonomous cars recognize the surroundings through multiple sensors and make decisions to control the car in order to arrive at destination without driver's interventions. In such environment, if sensor data forgery occurs, it could lead to a big (critical) accident that could threaten the life of the driver. In the paper, a research on a way to get accurate driving information through sensor fusion algorithm that has resilience against data forgery and modulation will be discussed.