bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the use of indigenous Western Cape plants as potential water and soil pollutant phytoremediators with a focus on green infrastructure
Authors: DM Jacklin  , IC Brink  , SM Jacobs
Published: July 2021

Urban water managers, engineers and conservation ecologists in the Western Cape (WC) Province of South Africa are faced with a major environmental and human health challenge, with urbanisation, industrialisation, population growth and agricultural development placing pressure on the limited water and soil resources. In addressing this resource degradation an effective, affordable and sustainable solution is required. The implementation of ‘green infrastructure’ (GI), such as phytoremediation, involves the use of plants to hinder pollutant transport and attenuate runoff flow, protecting the health of the human population and the environment. However, care must be taken when selecting plant species due to possible invasive behaviour, affecting ecosystem dynamics. As a result of the need for resource remediation in both urban and rural areas, the use of non-invasive indigenous species is vital to an efficient and sustainable technology, as urban areas are often the initial sites for introduction from which invasions spread. This paper proposes indigenous WC species for potential use in GI, identified from global bioremediation literature, as an aid to the practicing civil engineer and water manager responsible for the design and management of the phytotechnology. These indigenous species offer potential as phytoremediators in local GI, as well as suggest the types of plants that should be investigated further as alternatives to effective exotics. The investigation returned 56 non-invasive WC plant species likely to aid resource remediation without jeopardising the conservation and biodiversity of the administered area. The selected vegetation is potentially capable of increasing heterogeneity and adjusting to the dynamic biogeographic conditions of the recipient habitat. Thus, distinct species capable of remediating a wide range of environmental contaminants for GI, into the diverse habitats of the WC, at a fraction of the cost of conventional techniques, are promoted.
A GIS-based approach for identifying suitable sites for rainwater harvesting technologies in Kasungu District, Malawi
Authors: F Nyirenda  , A Mhizha  , W Gumindoga  , A Shumba
Published: July 2021

A GIS-based approach for identifying suitable sites for rainwater harvesting (RWH) technologies was developed and applied in Kasungu District, Malawi. Data were obtained from reports, socio-economic survey documents of the area and maps. Field surveys were conducted in the villages of Chipala Extension Planning Area (EPA), in order to identify and evaluate the performance of existing RWH interventions, and determine factors for locating suitable areas for RWH. Observed soil moisture content was used to assess the water retention performance of the prevalent RWH technologies: contour tied ridging and soil mulching. A GIS-based Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method was used to map runoff potential for areas with RWH technologies, using physical factors of rainfall, land use, soil type and slope to estimate runoff potential. This was then integrated in a GIS database, with social-economic factors in the form of household income level and environmental factors, including impacts of implementing RWH, to determine the suitability of land areas for RWH in Kasungu District. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the impact of identified technologies by comparing the moisture content measurements for each of the identified technologies at 5% level of significance. The ANOVA results showed a statistically significant difference in the moisture measurements for the three technologies identified (P < 0.05). The RWH suitability map for the study area showed that 0.2% of the area considered had very high potential, 33.5% high, 55.9% moderate, 10.1% marginal and 0.3% not suitable for in-field RWH. The model was verified by locating the existing RWH on the suitability map obtained from GIS: 81% of RWH were located in the highly and moderately suitable areas whilst only 13% were located in areas of low suitability. Hence the developed model can reliably be used to predict potential areas for RWH.
A water footprint approach to guide water resource management in data-scarce regions: A case study for the Upper Ewaso Ng’iro Basin, Mount Kenya
Authors: Michael van der Laan  , Sandra Eckert  , Maya da Silva  , John Annandale
Published: July 2021

Due to population growth and agricultural intensification, water scarcity is increasing in the Upper Ewaso Ng’iro Basin. Quantitative information is needed to improve the management of this resource, but is a challenge due to lack of hydrometeorological data. Using water footprint thinking, a pragmatic approach applying available information and simple assumptions was used to estimate blue and green water availability and consumption for different land uses and activities. Despite the attention it receives, flower production makes up a small component of the basin’s water footprint (1.4% of blue water consumed, roses used 0.73%), although the drastic impact of horticulture on low flows during dry periods is recognized. Surface water evaporation from irrigation dams containing captured floodwaters or pumped groundwater has a water footprint comparable to greenhouse horticultural production itself. Small-scale irrigation was estimated to use 71.4% of the blue water consumed, while total commercial horticultural production was estimated to use 8.2%. Direct human consumption was estimated at 3% and livestock and wildlife consumption at 4.2% of consumed blue water. Labour opportunities were almost 10 times higher for roses than for maize per hectare and per m3 of water consumed. Water productivity in terms of selling price was 128 times higher for 1 tonne of roses than for 1 tonne of maize. This approach can be used in data-poor regions to advance understanding between multiple stakeholders (such as between farmers, pastoralists and conservationists) for participatory management, and to better understand the basin’s water balance to estimate exploitable water resources.
Rotifer Diversity in Coal Mine Generated Pit Lakes of Raniganj Coal Field Area, West Bengal, India
Authors: MONDAL Saıkat , PALIT Debnath , HAZRA Niladri
Published: July 2021

The research looks at the rotifer diversity in five different coal mine generated pit lakes from Raniganj Coal Field Area (RCF), West Bengal, India. The collection methodology was involved monthly sampling (n = 120) to analyze the rotifer diversity using surface hauling with standard plankton net of mesh size 55 µm and water column at different depths (20 cm to 50 cm) for the periods of two years (February 2018 – January 2020). Analyzes of some limnological parameters and macrophytes were also performed following standard protocol. Statistical analysis based on the physicochemical parameters showed that Harabhanga and Dhandardihi 1 Pit Lakes were more similar while Dhandardihi 1 Pit Lake and Dhandardihi 2 Pit Lake were more alike in terms of rotifer community structure. Seventeen taxa of rotifers under the five families were found with varying densities and diversity indices. The highest diversity was observed in the Searsole Pit Lake, and the dominant species was Keratella tropica Apstein. The five pit lakes can be separated from each other based on the variations in rotifer diversity and water quality parameters, advocating the implementation of limnological management. Our results indicated different abiotic and biotic variables influencing the rotifer assemblages and diversity of the pit lakes studied.
Mikroalgal Üretimlerde Kinetik Modelleme
Authors: ASLANBAY GÜLER Bahar , İMAMOĞLU Esra
Published: July 2021

Tek hücreli, basit organizmalar olan mikroalgler, sahip oldukları karakteristik özellikleri sayesinde gıda, çevre teknolojileri, enerji, kozmetik, ilaç, akuakültür gibi çeşitli endüstrilerde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Mikroalglere ve uygulama alanlarına olan ilgi her geçen gün artış gösterse de endüstriyel çaptaki üretimlerde çeşitli sorunlarla karşı karşıya kalınabilmektedir. Organizmaların büyüme kinetiği ve hedef ürün eldesi proseslerdeki temel aşamalardan olup, bu aşamalarda meydana gelebilecek herhangi bir problem, sistemin tamamını olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu problemleri önlemek için izlenebilecek yollardan biri, hücrelerin büyümesini ve ürün miktarını etkileyen parametrelerin kullanımıyla kinetik modeller geliştirilmesidir. Matematiksel modeller ile üretim sırasında elde edilen sonuçların sayısal olarak ifadesi sağlanmakta ve böylece ölçek büyütmede ve benzer proseslerde kullanılabilecek güvenilir veriler elde edilmektedir. Bu makalede, mikroalg hücrelerinin büyümesi ve ürün üretimine dair geliştirilen kinetik modeller substrat, ışık ve sıcaklık parametreleri açısından değerlendirilerek literatürde kullanılan modeller özetlenmiştir.
The Transnationalization of Ethno-nationalism : The Case of the Identitarian Movement
Authors: Mlejnková Petra
Published: July 2021

The Identitarian movement, a radical-right movement active in a number of European countries, desires to unite European nationalists in international action. Nevertheless, the theory claims that the latter ideology is based on nativism. This might create internal ideological conflict between nativism versus transnationalism. The article offers a qualitative analysis of how the movement solves the issue of identity framing on the transnational level. This is a question of how the ethno-nationalist message is transformed to the transnational level, and how national needs are translated into transnational ones. The findings show that the Identitarian movement constructs a two-fold identity – a national one and a European one; and operates with three types of identity framing, thereby building a complex picture of a common past, present, and future. All three frames always act to maintain a balance between both identities, and always work with the language of civilization. Such framing, then, might lead to the successful mobilization of international resources and turn ideas into action.
Guessing games with target groups : Securing a livelihood by supporting refugees in a hostile environment
Authors: van der Veer Lieke
Published: July 2021

In the wake of mass-migrations of refugees seeking safety and stability in Europe, this contribution studies emerging grassroots organizations that support refugee status holders in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. The municipality expects these organizations to adhere to the European trend to incorporate immigrant integration priorities in interventions that apply to all residents. The article discusses the paradox of how bureaucratic classifications regarding preferred target groups cast certain grassroots responses as fringe-activities that are less legible bureaucratically. Based on a year of ethnographic fieldwork, this article shows how this lessened legibility translates into profound insecurities for grassroots organizers. The article discusses how these insecurities, in combination with the uncertainty grassroots organizers feel regarding their employability, motivate them to play guessing games and to give in to municipal preferences to boost their eligibility for funding. It argues that this process of giving in to municipal preferences should be understood as an attempt to render their endeavors legible, reduce precariousness, secure a livelihood, and turn affective labor into a life-sustaining practice. In so doing, this contribution evokes the story of a particular grassroots organizer—a woman of color with a forced migration background.
Punching Below Its Weight: The Role of the European Parliament in Politicised Consultation Procedures
Authors: Vinciguerra Maria Chiara
Published: July 2021

With Lisbon, the European Parliament formally acquired an equal standing to that of the Council of the EU in the making of policies in the AFSJ (area of freedom, security and justice). However, the growing political salience of policy issues at stake and bottom-up politicisation in the AFSJ has had the unintended effect of undermining the European Parliament’s internal unity even under consultation procedures. To show how this played out in practice during Europe’s migration and refugee crisis, this article analyses the European Parliament’s role, preferences, and bargaining position in the making of two Refugee Relocation Decisions (Council Decisions 2015/1523 and 2015/1601) under consultation procedure. To do so, this article exploits Putnam’s two-level framework (level I and II politics throughout the policy-making process) to explore early agenda-setting attempts and groups’ positions on issues of refugee relocation and burden-sharing, as they were formally stated in their position papers and expressed at the LIBE Committee and at plenary. This article shows that the high domestic salience and politicization of the issues at stake left MEPs torn between competing principals at home and within their European Parliament political groups and had the effect of weakening overall unity on the issue of refugee relocation.
Polyvariety of the Structure of the Normative Element in the Mechanism of Legal Regulation of Civil Relations: Theoretical Aspect
Authors: Kostruba A. V.
Published: July 2021

The mechanism of legal regulation of relations is considered as a system of legal means, methods and forms with the help of which social relations are regulated. The author argues about the variability of the normative element of the mechanism under consideration, since it is not always possible to include the multiplicity of parameters that form its content and essence exclusively into the content of a legal norm. It is argued that the rule of law is not the main element of the mechanism of legal regulation through which relations between members of the society are being regulated. The corresponding regulatory influence is ensured with the help of individual regulators that have a different legal nature due to their limited, personalized obligatoriness. The author proves that, along with a legal norm, an individual normative prescription acts as a legal means of ensuring the operation of the mechanism of legal regulation of social relations, and its form is represented by alter-normative regulators (contract, custom). In addition, along with normative and alter-normative regulators, super-normative (principles of law) and quasi-normative (judicial acts) are highlighted.
Categories “Public” and “Private” in the Constitutional Law of Russia
Authors: Averyanova N. N.
Published: July 2021

The paper considers the categories “public” and “private” from the standpoint of the theory of constitutional law, identifies the main aspects of their legal nature, as well as their potential for determining the essence and correlation of other legal phenomena, the study of which is an urgent task of constitutional law. The categories “public” and “private” are studied from the standpoint of constitutional axiology and on the basis of the formal legal foundations of their consolidation in the constitutional legislation of Russia. On the basis of the indicated categories, the author examines the correlation between such concepts as “rights of the people” and “human rights,” the legal regime of “common goods,” in particular land and other natural resources, from the standpoint of “public” and “private;" people and characteristics of individual self-expression. As a result, it is concluded that the “public” and “private” can become an effective toolkit in the study of various fundamental categories of constitutional law; with their help, it is possible to determine the essence of legal phenomena, relationships between them and the setting of priorities in lawmaking and law enforcement.
The System of Legal Regulation of Cross-Border Relations in the Field of Industrial Property: Terminological Aspects
Authors: Shakhnazarov B. A.
Published: July 2021

The paper discusses the terminological aspects of the system of legal regulation of cross-border relations in the field of industrial property. The use of the term “cross-border relations” does not in itself imply the overcoming of the territorial principle of industrial property protection. Transboundariness as a characteristic of private-law relations, which presupposes a complication of the relationship by a foreign element, means the presence of any connection between the relationship (through a subject or legal fact in the case of cross-border relations in the field of industrial property) with the legal order of several states. It is proposed to define industrial property as rights (exclusive and personal non-property) related to intellectual property in the production-technical and production-trade areas. The system of legal regulation of cross-border relations in the field of industrial property is defined by the author as a coherent group of norms consisting of interrelated and interdependent principles of protection of industrial property (universal, general object and special object), other international and national substantive legal and national conflict-of-laws norms subordinate to these principles, as well as individual norms of non-state nature, subordinate to all the specified legal norms, regulating relations complicated by a foreign element regarding the emergence, use, transfer, restriction, termination, protection of rights to industrial property. In this case, a foreign element in a legal relationship can be represented by the subject, as well as by a legal fact: the place of violation of the right to the industrial property object, the place of execution of the formalities necessary for the protection of the industrial property object, as well as the place of occurrence of the consequences of harm caused by the violation of rights to intellectual property object.
Peculiarities of Administrative Cases on Recognition of Information Materials as Extremist and their Examination in terms of Secure Internet Communication
Authors: Galyashina E. I. , Nikishin V. D.
Published: July 2021

The paper discusses some of the features of administrative cases on the recognition of information materials posted on the Internet as extremist. An analysis of judicial practice in cases of recognition of information materials as extremist (Article 265.8 of the Administrative Procedure Code) highlighted their specifics and problematic aspects associated with expert opinions used to substantiate administrative claims. Presumably, extremist materials are detected by law enforcement agencies during the monitoring of social networks and other Internet resources and are sent for linguistic expertise. If a linguistic expert reveals any signs of extremism, the prosecutor issues a legal opinion and in the interests of the Russian Federation and an indefinite circle of persons applies to a federal court with an administrative claim to recognize information posted on Internet sites as extremist material, i.e. information, the distribution of which is prohibited in the Russian Federation. The paper concludes that to substantiate the arguments of administrative claims, the conclusions of linguistic experts are used, the quality of which determines the validity of the court decisions taken. As the main reason for expert errors, the authors cite the ambiguity of the interpretation of the concept of “extremist materials”, which entails a mixture of information calling for committing an extremist action or justifying or substantiating it, and the actual speech action of calling or justifying or justifying. It seems necessary to change the existing expert approach towards the development of a unified criterion for determining diagnostic complexes of signs necessary and sufficient to substantiate the extremist essence of information materials, taking into account the duality of their legal and linguistic assessment.
Aksesuar dalak varyasyonu
Authors: ÇAY Elif İpek , ÖZANDAÇ POLAT Sema , OKSÜZLER Mahmut , GÖKER Pınar
Published: July 2021

Sol üst kadranda karın boşluğunda fundus gastrica ile diaphragma arasında bulunan kahve çekirdeğine benzeyen dalak vasküler ve lenfatik yapılarla sarılmış bir organdır. Çok kesittli Bilgisayarlı Tomografi abdominal bölgede yerleşim gösteren yapıları görüntülemede oldukça iyi sonuçlar vermektedir. Üriner sistem enfeksiyonu şikayetiyle gelen hastaya abdomen Bilgisayarlı Tomografi (BT) ve laboratuvar tetkikleri yapıldı. BT tetkikinde hastada primer dalak’tan görünüm ve doku olarak çokta farklı olmayan aksesuar dalak varyasyonuna sahip olduğu görüldü. Bu olguda literatürde yer alan aksesuar dalak varyasyonel sınıflandırılmasının dışında farklı bir tip aksesuar dalak varyasyonunun görüntüleme bulgularının incelenmesi amaçlandı.
On the use of jerk and snap in condition monitoring of machinery – review and case studies
Authors: Lahdelma S
Published: July 2021

The time derivatives of acceleration offer a great advantage in detecting impact-causing faults at an early stage in condition monitoring applications. Defective rolling bearings and gears are common faults that cause impacts. This article is based on extensive real-world measurements,
through which large-scale machines have been studied. Numerous laboratory experiments provide additional insight into the matter. A practical solution for detecting faults with as few features as possible is to measure the root mean square (RMS) velocity according to the standards in the frequency
range from 10 Hz to 1000 Hz and the peak value of the second time derivative of acceleration, ie snap. Measuring snap produces good results even when the upper cut-off frequency is as low as 2 kHz or slightly higher. This is valuable information when planning the mounting of accelerometers.
Magnetoacoustic fusion life prediction method for retired components based on D-S evidence theory
Authors: Gao Y T , Hu Z M , Leng J C
Published: July 2021

Prediction of the remaining life of remanufacturing blanks is crucial to evaluate their remanufacturability. To overcome the deficiency of obtaining insufficient fatigue damage characteristic information using a single non-destructive testing method, a new magnetoacoustic fusion life
prediction method based on Dempster-Shafer (D-S) evidence theory optimised by a weighted fusion algorithm is proposed. The characteristic parameters of metal magnetic memory (MMM) and acoustic emission (AE) signals are first extracted on the basis of a fatigue experiment and data layer fusion
is carried out to establish the mapping relationship between MMM and AE characteristic parameters and specimen life based on a back-propagation (BP) neural network. The basic probability distribution of the life is assigned in a fuzzy manner according to the normal distribution and the reliability
function of each life interval is obtained by data fusion based on D-S evidence theory. Furthermore, the basic probability distribution value is modified based on a weighted fusion algorithm and the corrected data are fused to obtain a more accurate life prediction result.
Art Exhibitions During the Pandemic
Authors: Aydoğan Derya
Published: July 2021

Along with other sectors and fields, art environments were also faced shutdowns during the COVID-19 Pandemic, which was caused by a type of coronavirus that affected the whole world and resulted in a new period during which people had to work from home and adjust their lives accordingly. In this period, many of the exhibitions were continued online. The prolongation and uncertainty of the period made it necessary to present online exhibitions with more realistic solutions. And this created a new trend towards virtual reality applications that offer closest experience to reality. Virtual reality exhibitions became a notable alternative to online exhibitions in a lot of respects such as allowing typical curatorial arrangements as well as adding digital methods, and making the audience feel like they are actually visiting an exhibition. However, it obviously causes overcrowding and loss of aura as a result of a phenomenon based on excessive display in structures open to the participation of everyone. In order to preserve the aura of art and exhibition and to maintain its compatibility with new technologies, it’s necessary to introduce new curatorial understandings, new aesthetic perceptions, and new quality elements. In this study, the existence of art exhibitions in online environments, especially during the pandemic, will be evaluated within the context of qualitative descriptive analysis.
Using the Concept of “Social Distancing” in Advertising Designs: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Önder Begüm Aylin
Published: July 2021

Corporate social responsibility is one of the activities that goes beyond philanthropy, based on volunteerism in line with the responsibilities of enterprises towards society. This concept, which offers businesses the opportunity to look after and develop their brand image in the eyes of society, has become a necessity, not a choice, especially in today's world. In order to meet social expectations, the effectiveness of static and dynamic advertising messages implemented in all social benefit-based studies for human development such as environment, health and education is very important in terms of ensuring audience communication. In the second half of 2019, people were confined to homes and life came to a standstill all over the world in order to reduce and prevent the impact of the pandemic within the scope of the “New Type Corona Virus” (COVID-19) measures, which are from the sars-cov-2 coronavirus family, which is spreading rapidly globally starting from Wohan, Hubei Province, China. As a basic protection module for humanity against corona virus, it has incorporated the concept of social distancing into their lives in order to reduce the contact of staying at home and increasing hygiene, except in mandatory situations. During this extraordinary period, many brands on a global scale have included the concept of “social distance” in their advertising messages with the awareness of corporate social responsibility and have started to inform and educate the community about this issue by emphasizing the importance of the process. Within the scope of this research, advertising designs prepared by brands acting with corporate social responsibility awareness through the concept of social distancing during the Pandemic period were discussed and how the meaning structures behind the messages were created and transmitted. The research is limited to 3 (three) advertising designs determined by the 'judicial sampling' method (selective method). In the sample of the study, advertising narratives of brands in different sectors were explained in general framework and similar and different aspects of messages were uncovered by performing comparative analysis between messages in line with the findings obtained from the narratives. In this context, it was determined that the contrasts of “pessimism and optimism, hope and despair, happiness and unhappiness, death and life, strong and powerless, youth and old age, unity/togetherness and separation, struggle and defeat, nature and culture” were constructed as the main discourse.
Internet of Technological Transformation and Objects: I Robot Movie Analysis and Covid-19 Artificial Intelligence Robots
Authors: Özsevinç Nimet
Published: July 2021

With technological transformations, we change our roles with the machines in the present conditions of our sociological, psychological, economic, cultural structures. The use of technology widespread with the effect of capitalism increases our commitment to the technological tools we receive to the center of our lives. The social media revolution that has become a vital part with the new media causes us to integrate with technological means and shows that they have the power to change our communication forms. In particular, the binding of objects with internet providers, manipulates us, use and to our satisfaction. Our developing and continuously changing technology has the effects of our culture, personalities, consumer habits and the perceptions of us by changing our needs. Within the scope of this study, it is emphasized on the concept of the transformation of the technology, and the effects of the objects are made on the fact of the internet (IOT). At the same time, the analysis of this concept is analyzed the epidemic film related to the use of the health sector. The role of the artificial intelligence robots used in the fight against Covid-19, which is described as a global health problem, the role used in the challenge of this technology used to examine the benefits and damages of this technology used.
Measures Against the Pandemic as the Panoptical Eye of the Power: The Example of Coronavirus Pandemic
Authors: Öksüz Hatice
Published: July 2021

Epidemics threatened the daily life activities of human societies in certain periods of history. Epidemic diseases, known as disasters that resulted in the death of millions of people, have always been issues that occupy humanity, to be detected from the moment they emerged and to seek solutions to end the epidemic. Having knowledge means having power. Therefore, the easiest way to retain information is through surveillance. Considering the history of epidemic diseases, it is seen that surveillance practices are frequently used. In the information society that emerged with new communication technologies, it is seen that individuals voluntarily participate in surveillance and the walls of the prison have changed by demolishing. Covid-19, which rapidly increased in coronavirus cases and turned into a global epidemic, is known to increase the use of surveillance practices by all states globally to control the epidemic. Fear of the epidemic in societies has become considerable than the privacy of personal data, and their voluntary participation in these practices has been a matter of concern. This consent-based process brings with it criticisms of legitimizing the surveillance society, which has been at the center of discussions since the past. Surveillance played an important role in the rise of totalitarian regimes. The legitimacy of a supervised social structure will accelerate the rise of totalitarian regimes, depriving people of living in an unlimited but self- controlled prison.
Climatic changes and distribution of plant formations in the state of Paraíba, Brazil
Authors: Cámara Artigas Rafael , Israel de Souza Bartolomeu , Porto de Lima Raquel
Published: July 2021

The state of Paraíba in northeast Brazil contains four of the seven biomes present in the country: Mata Atlântica, Cerrado, Caatinga and Matas Serranas. On the other hand, Amazônia, Pantanal and Pampa were not found in this area. This special situation allows us to analyse changes in the distribution of these four large Brazilian biomes according to bioclimatic conditions, using the methodology of bioclimatic regime types. Based on the analysis of variables from periods of hydric and thermal vegetation stagnation, obtained from hydric and bioclimatic balances, average monthly temperature and rainfall, that methodology enables us to establish a typology of 27 types of bioclimatic regimes and 243 bioclimatic regime subtypes with the 9 Thornthwaite ombrothermal levels. In Paraíba 4 types of bioclimatic regimes are currently identified (mesophyllo, tropophyllo, xerophyllo and eurythermophilous) and 9 subtypes according to ombrothermal levels. In order to analyse the changes, extreme change situations were chosen: a past scenario with the Last Glacial Maximum (40 ky); and an RCP 8.5 climate change scenario for the CMSS 4.0 model for the year 2070. This enabled 3 bioclimatic regime maps of each of the 3 aforementioned situations to be obtained, providing a map of potential distribution of the plant formations of Paraíba state according to the specific field knowledge and bioclimatic mapping obtained for the present. This paper concludes that a retrocession of the Mata Atlântica can be seen from the Last Glacial Maximum up to the present, losing its optimal bioclimatic conditions and therefore remaining in a highly fragile relict situation in the face of anthropic pressure (sugarcane cultivation and urban expansion); an advance toward 2070 of the Caatinga in its shrub form as a predominant formation is indicated by the projection of climate change in 2070 for the analysed situation, specifically resulting from anthropic pressure, in this case due to livestock activities which have affected this biome in Paraíba since the mid-19th century.
Tuberculosis – An overview
Authors: Basalingappa Kanthesh M , Pugazhandhi B  , Nagalambika P  , Gopenath T S  , Gowda S Veena , Karthikeyan M  , Ashok G  , Devi S D K Shri
Published: July 2021

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is spread through the air from person to person and mainly targets the lungs. The tuberculosis epidemic has been complicated by the emergence of drug-resistant TB and HIV-associated TB. In Malaysia, there were an estimated 0.4% of 40,000 TB cases with MDR-TB in 2014. The acquisition of drug resistance in M. tuberculosis is mainly depending on the efflux mechanisms which allow the bacteria to tolerate higher levels of a drug. The evolutionary pathway of drug resistance is influenced by epistasis and bacterial fitness. There are a few risk factors that responsible for the occurrence of drug-resistant TB.
Uropathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility profile in a tertiary carehospital
Authors: Agarwal Anjali , Srivastava Jyoti , Bose Seema , Maheshwari Ujjwal
Published: July 2021

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most common infections in the community and hospitals. Uropathogens colonize the urinary tract and may ascend to bladder causing cystitis, if left untreated reach kidneys through ureters can be responsible for acute pyelonephritis and cause renal damage.

The aim of the present study is to determine the prevalence of urinary tract infections and antibiotic susceptibility pattern in a tertiary care hospital.

This is an observational study conducted in Microbiology department, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Barabanki.

A total of 623 urine(mid-stream) samples were collected from indoor and outdoor departments of hospital and culture was done on UTI chromogenic agar using semiquantitative method. Antibiotic sensitivity test was performed using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method.

Prevalence of urinary tract infections is 29% in the study. (43%) is the most common micro-organism isolated followed by (13%), (11%), (10.4%), (8.8%), (3.3%), (1.6%), CONS & (1.1%) and (6.6%). The females(56.6%) are more commonly affected than males.

In the present study, beta-lactamase inhibitors and aminoglycosides were effective drugs against gram negative bacteria. Vancomycin and linezolid were sensitive in gram positive bacteria. Nitrofurantoin is the promising drug in cases of uncomplicated UTI, and safe to use in pregnancy. High recurrence rates and antimicrobial resistance are responsible for increasing the burden of disease. It is advised to use the antibiotics judiciously as per the hospital antibiotic policy which will help prevent multidrug resistance micro-organism further reducing morbidity and mortality.
Prevalence of dermatophytes in patients attending a teaching hospital in Hyderabad, South India
Authors: Vara Aarthi , Khan Rozina Arshi , Narayan L Sadanand
Published: July 2021

Dermatophytoses are a group of superficial fungal infections of keratinized tissues. Though they do not cause mortality they cause morbidity and pose a major public health problem especially in tropical countries like India.

The present study is done to know the prevalence of dermatophytes and to identify the causative agents in Hyderabad area.

A total of 180 samples were collected for a period of 1 year from infected skin, hair, and nails. Samples were collected under aseptic conditions and were then subjected to direct microscopy by KOH mount and culture on SDA.

Dermatophytes were seen more in males (126/180). Direct microscopy by KOH mount revealed presence of fungal elements in (144/180) of samples. T.mentagrophytes was the most predominant isolate followed by T.rubrum and T.violaceum.

Dermatophytic infections are worldwide in distribution with superficial mycoses being more prevalent in India where heat and moisture play an important role. Dermatophytosis has been reported throughout the year in the present study locality and an increase in prevalence of certain species was found.
Fosfomycin susceptibility among ESBL producing gram negative bacilli causing urinary tract infections
Authors: Rajeshwari K G
Published: July 2021

Urinary tract infection is one of the common infection encountered in day to day practice. Due to emergence of drug resitance among uropathogens treatment options have become limited. Fosfomycin being a safe oral antibiotic is being used widely to treat multidrug resistant uropathogens. In the present study 831 (48.45%) samples that yielded significant growth were processed out of 1715 sample for ESBL detection by double disc synergy and phenotypic confirmatory method. E.coli constituted the predominant isolate (60.4%) followed by K.pneumoniae. 256 (30.80%) samples yielding growth were from out patients and 575 from inpatients. Over all 44% of isolates in the present study were ESBL producers. 50% of Ecoli were ESBL producers. 70.64% of ESBL isolates were susceptible to fosfomycin in vitro. Present study finding suggest that resistance to fosfomysin is on rise even though majority of ESBLs were sensitive to it. The current study recommends to use fosfomycin only after testing susceptibility among uropathogens.
Development Effectiveness Overview (DEO) 2021
Authors:   Inter-American Development Bank,   IDB Invest,   IDB Lab
Published: July 2021

The Development Effectiveness Overview (DEO) is an annual report produced by the IDB Group to share the results and impact of its work in Latin America and the Caribbean. It showcases the IDB Group's contributions towards the development of its 26 borrowing member countries in the region and the Sustainable Development Goals, as well as progress against key institutional metrics in its Corporate Results Framework.
Growth Recoveries (from Collapses)
Authors: Meneses Juan Francisco , Saboin José Luis
Published: July 2021

This paper analyzes the behavior of a long list of economic variables during episodes of recovery from an economic collapse. A set of stylized facts is proposed so as to depict what in this work is called \saygrowth recoveries. Through different estimation techniques, it is inferred under which conditions and policies the likelihood of experiencing a growth recovery increases. The results of the paper indicate that collapses tend to occur in countries with high dependence on natural resource rents, macroeconomic mismanagement, low levels of democratic accountability and rule of law and high levels of conflict. Recoveries, on the other hand, tend to be longer than collapses and are more likely to occur in contexts of: improved external conditions, less natural resource rents, balanced fiscal accounts, where the exchange rate corrects but within a more fixed exchange rate regime and a more restricted financial account, and where there are: rebounds in private consumption, increases in international trade and improvements on property rights.
In Search of a Model for the Derivation of Dispositional and Passive Potential Adjectives Based on Participles in Irish
Authors: Bloch-Trojnar Maria
Published: July 2021

This paper tests the explanatory potential of two competing separationist models, a lexicalist LMBM model and a constructionist DM model, in the analysis of overtly marked dispositional and passive potential adjectives based on participles in Irish. In LMBM, which upholds a strict division between lexical and morphosyntactic phenomena, Irish adjectives must be derived directly from the verbal root or a special allomorphic variant of the verbal root which is used in the context of adjectivising morphology. The first solution involves the multiplication of formal markers, the latter misses the formal and semantic relationship between the supposedly “special” verbal stem and the participle. DM fares better since there is no theoretical ban on the use of participles as bases for adjectives and the presence of participles in the structure of Irish adjectives is corroborated by distributional facts. The proposed structures form a continuum from verbal participles via adjectivised participles to deverbal adjectives.
Acoustic Features of Burst Release: A Study of Welsh Plosives
Authors: Jaworski Sylwester , Baran Michał
Published: July 2021

The aim of this paper is to analyse the centre of gravity (COG) of release bursts in Welsh plosives in order to assess their importance in distinguishing between /p, t, k/ (here termed fortis) and /b, d, g/ (here termed lenis). The COG of a release burst appears to be particularly interesting as (i) it has not yet been studied extensively in the phonetic scientific literature on Welsh plosives (see for instance Ball, Ball and Williams, Jones, Morris and Hejná), and (ii) using the COG variable to distinguish between stops is not very common, as it is normally used to differentiate between places of articulation in fricatives. To achieve the aforementioned goals, the authors, inspired by a study of American English plosives conducted by Chodroff and Wilson, measured the COG of bursts in word-initial /p, b, t, d, k, g/.
Samodzielność wydatkowania środków publicznych a samorządowy program polityki zdrowotnej
Authors: Moś Szymon
Published: July 2021

W obrębie samodzielności finansowej jednostki samorządu terytorialnego (j.s.t.) ponosząc wydatki na zadania własne, korzystają z konstytucyjnej samodzielności wydatkowania. Nie jest ona nieograniczona i podlega nadzorowi regionalnych izb obrachunkowych. Nadzór ten sprawowany jest na podstawie kryterium legalności, a jakakolwiek ingerencja władcza w decyzję j.s.t. nastąpić może dopiero ex post. W szczególności nie jest dopuszczalna ingerencja w decyzje finansowe samorządu w sferze wydatkowania na etapie podejmowania tych decyzji.

Wykonując zadania własne z zakresu ochrony zdrowia, j.s.t. opracowują, wdrażają i realizują samorządowe programy polityki zdrowotnej (s.p.p.z.). W procedurze opracowywania projektu s.p.p.z. podlega on opiniowaniu przez Prezesa Agencji Oceny Technologii Medycznych i Taryfikacji (nadzorowanego przez ministra właściwego do spraw zdrowia). Jednym ze stosowanych podczas tego opiniowania kryteriów jest kryterium skutków finansowych dla jednostek samorządu terytorialnego. Negatywna opinia uniemożliwia realizację samorządowego programu polityki zdrowotnej. Ponieważ opinia taka dokonywana jest ex ante, jej oparcie na kryterium skutków finansowych dla j.s.t. powoduje systemową niespójność z samodzielnością wydatkowania j.s.t., nadzorowaną jedynie ex post przez regionalną izbę obrachunkową.

Dostrzegając ogólną zasadność uczestnictwa Prezesa AOTMiT w procedurze oceny samorządowych programów polityki zdrowotnej, w artykule sfomułowano wnioski de lege ferenda zmierzające do zniwelowania obserwowanej niekoherencji.
Obrót detaliczny produktami leczniczymi
Authors: Zakrzewski Piotr
Published: July 2021

Z obrotem detalicznym produktami leczniczymi wiąże się wystąpienie niebezpieczeństwa zagrożenia zdrowia i życia pacjentów, dlatego obrót ten podlega rozbudowanym ograniczeniom ustawowym, począwszy od pozwolenia na dopuszczenie produktu leczniczego do obrotu, wymagań jakościowych stawianych produktom leczniczym, nazwy i opakowania produktu leczniczego, a skończywszy na aptekach, czyli przedsiębiorcach uprawnionych do uczestniczenia w obrocie detalicznym produktami leczniczymi, katalogu czynności składających się na obrót detaliczny, czy tzw. kierunek obrotu detalicznego. Przywołane przykładowo ustawowe ograniczenia dotyczące detalicznego obrotu produktami leczniczymi wywołują istotne problemy interpretacyjne. Niezależnie od nich powstaje inne kluczowe pytanie, mianowicie jak daleko sięgają te ustawowe ograniczenia, czy określają one jedynie zasady i tryb dopuszczania do obrotu produktów leczniczych oraz warunki obrotu produktami leczniczymi, czy tworzą także podstawy prawne, na podstawie których obrót produktami leczniczymi dokonuje się między apteką a pacjentem.
Postępowanie w sprawie przeniesienia proboszcza w świetle KPK z 1983 r.
Authors: Leszczyński Grzegorz
Published: July 2021

Zgodnie z kan. 1748 KPK motywem przeniesienia proboszcza może być albo dobro dusz, albo potrzeba lub pożytek Kościoła. Oznacza to, że w przeciwieństwie do motywów, jakie mogą skłonić biskupa diecezji do usunięcia proboszcza, skoncentrowanych wokół szkodliwości jego działania w parafii, którą kierował, w tym przypadku uwaga prawodawcy skupia się wokół motywów dotyczących nowej parafii lub innego urzędu, który biskup może mu powierzyć. Niniejszy artykuł wskazuje nie tylko na przyczyny przeniesienia proboszcza, ale w skrócie podaje również podstawowe etapy procedury.
Using Local Nigella Sativa Oil to Relief Premenstrual Syndrome Symptoms
Authors: Samadipour Ezat , Akbarzadeh Roya , Kooshki Akram
Published: July 2021

Background: Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a common problem in women. Nigella sativa has been suggested for its anti-inflammation and analgesic effects. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Nigella sativa oil on PMS.
Methods: This double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 124 female students within the age range of 18-25 years living in the dormitories of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. The intervention group (IG) rubbed 1-2 drops of Nigella sativa oil on their fontanels at night for sev­en days before their three menstrual cycles. The placebo group (PG) rubbed placebo in the same way. After three cycles, pain severity was measured by the visual analog scale. Data analysis was carried out using the Mann-Whitney U test and analysis of covariance.
Results: The mean age of participants, the mean age of menarche, and the mean age of PMS onset were 20.55 ± 0.2, 13.52 ± 0.15, and 15.35 ± 0.3 years old, respectively. The results showed that Nigella sativa oil reduced the severity of all PMS symptoms except in terms of depression and abdominal bloating in IG compare to the PG.
Conclusion: Nigella sativa oil in women with premenstrual syndrome can be a promising, safe, and easily available analgesic supplement.
Development of Cognitive Activity of Foreign Students by Reading the Texts of Russian Classics
Authors: Tokareva Tatiana N.
Published: July 2021

The article examines the problem of foreign high school students living in the territory of the Russian Federation, a stable system of axiological norms and spiritual and moral guidelines of Russian society, the inviolability and correctness of which is proven by centuries-old experience, which captured the best examples of science and art. The need for foreign learners to study works of educational nature is substantiated. The process of understanding Russian culture by foreign students is analyzed as an important part of the educational process, including the study of the rules of communication in a non-native language, as well as the development of communicative competencies focused on the complex and multi-level development of the Russian language. The problem of conformity of artistic texts designed for studying foreign learners, the functions of the best examples of classical literature, is actualized. Understanding the cultural component of education is seen as a way of incorporating foreign citizens into the moral foundations of Russian society, built on the principles of humanism. It is stated that the presence of a role model for the emerging person, that can also be a character of the work as well, that meets the requirements of the best representatives of Russian society to a strong, strong-willed, educated, humane, selfless love for the Fatherland of the personality. The emergence of diverse personalities of foreign high school students is analyzed in the direction of not only education, but also a better understanding of the peculiarities of the Russian language, as well as the cultural identity of Russia by introducing the best examples of art texts. The methodological basis of the work was formed as a result of the complex use of techniques of dialectic, synergies, historical and literary method, content analysis of scientific and literary sources.