bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New methods of modification of α-cyclodextrin
Authors: Özcan Bilge Deniz , Zimmermann Morten Lang , Ren Mingzhe , Bols Mikael
Published: August 2024

New methods for modifying α-cyclodextrin is reviewed.
A zero-background fluorescent probe for sensing and imaging of glutathione via the “covalent-assembly” approach
Authors: Yang Zheng , Wang Zhiyao , Peng Ying , Yang Hao , Wang Qian , Jia Xiaodan , Liu Xiangrong
Published: August 2024

This work presents a promising fluorescent probe with excellent sensitivity and selectivity, negligible cytotoxicity and zero-background interference as an effective tool for real-time sensing and visualizing GSH in both solutions and living cells.
Unusual singlet oxygen-dependent hydroxyl radical production by a unique ruthenium-polypyridyl-hydroxamate complex under visible light irradiation
Authors: Tang Tian-Shu , Mao Li , Huang Chun-Hua , Zhao Chuan-Fang , Liu Zhi-Sheng , Chen Jing , Zhu Ben-Zhan
Published: August 2024

A novel ˙OH-generating system mediated by Ru complexes under visible light irradiation was discovered, which were found to be not only dependent on the well-known spin-trapping agent DMPO, but also on 1O2 and the presence of H-donating agents
Cobalt and lithium recovery from spent LiCoO2 using a free-standing potassium zinc hexacyanoferrate/carbon cloth composite electrode
Authors: Ye Mengxiang , Li Huaimeng , Wu Xi , Zhang Guofeng , Zhang Yunxia
Published: August 2024

A free-standing CC/KZHCF composite can be directly employed as the working electrode for effective separation and recovery of Co2+ and Li+ from waste LiCoO2 cathode.
Emergence of Ruddlesden–Popper phases and other pitfalls for moderate temperature solution deposited chalcogenide perovskites
Authors: Pradhan Apurva A. , Agarwal Shubhanshu , Vincent Kiruba Catherine , Hayes Daniel C. , Peterson Jonas M. , Turnley Jonathan W. , Spilker Robert M. , Uible Madeleine C. , Bart Suzanne C. , Huang Libai , Kisslinger Kim , Agrawal Rakesh
Published: August 2024

This work highlights the challenges of weak photoluminescence, the limited choice of substrates, unwanted impurity phases, and Ruddlesden–Popper phases in the moderate-temperature synthesized chalcogenide perovskites.
Bismuth-doped manganese molybdenum bimetallic oxide nanorods as a highly efficient nitrogen reduction catalyst
Authors: Yin Huhu , Song Ziyang , Xing Xiujing , Miao Ling , Lv Yaokang , Gan Lihua , Liu Mingxian , Xiong Wei
Published: August 2024

Bi-doped MnMoO4 nanorods prepared by a simple hydrothermal method exhibit an excellent electrocatalytic nitrogen gas reduction performance at −0.40 V vs. RHE.
Regio-, diastereo- and enantioselectivity in the photocatalytic generation of carbanions via hydrogen atom transfer and reductive radical-polar crossover
Authors: Grotjahn Sascha , Müller Lea , Pattanaik Aryaman , Falk Alexander , Barison Giorgia , Bauer Jonathan O. , Rehbein Julia , Gschwind Ruth M. , König Burkhard
Published: August 2024

A sequence involving photocatalytic hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), reductive radical-polar crossover (RRPCO), and protonation/deuteration for stereochemical editing at benzylic positions is described.
Carbohydrate NMR chemical shift prediction by GeqShift employing E(3) equivariant graph neural networks
Authors: Bånkestad Maria , Dorst Kevin M. , Widmalm Göran , Rönnols Jerk
Published: August 2024

Visual abstract of GeqShift, an E(3) equivariant graph neural network for predicting carbohydrate NMR shifts. The model excels in stereochemical invariance, offering superior molecular geometry understanding over traditional methods.
Theoretical uncovering of the chalcogen element regulated ESDPT behaviors for 2,5-bis(2-benzoxazolyl)-hydroquinone derivatives
Authors: Chen Jiahe , Zhao Jinfeng
Published: August 2024

We clearly verify the chalcogen atomic-electronegativity-regulated stepwise ESDPT mechanism for BBHQ derivatives.
Minor limonoid constituents from Swietenia macrophylla by simultaneous isolation using supercritical fluid chromatography and their biological activities
Authors: Asokan Kathiravan , Hussain A. Zahir , Gattu Rajesh Kumar , Ilangovan Andivelu
Published: August 2024

Three new and nine known limonoids were isolated simultaneously from Swietenia macrophylla using supercritical fluid chromatography, and their biological activities were examined.
Investigating metal (M = Mn, Fe, and Ni)-doped Co(OH)2 nanofibers for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution and electrochemical biosensing performance
Authors: Fareed Iqra , Khan Muhammad Danish , Murtaza Sadia , Hassan Farooq Masood ul , Rehman Zia Ur , Farooq Muhammad Umer , Butt Faheem K. , Tahir Muhammad
Published: August 2024

Metal (Mn, Fe, and Ni)-doped Co(OH)2 nanofibers for oxygen evolution through water splitting and electrochemical ascorbic acid sensing.
Chitosan-stabilized gold nanoparticles decorated with a thiodiacetic acid nanoprobe for selective detection of arsenic(iii) in rice and water samples
Authors: Kuno Asmah , Hama Nuryanee , Wattanasin Panwadee , Rujiralai Thitima
Published: August 2024

A sensitive and selective method based on chitosan-stabilized gold nanoparticles (CS/AuNPs) decorated with a 2,2′-thiodiacetic acid (TDA) nanoprobe was developed and used to detect As3+ in rice, drinking water and environmental water samples.
Current research status on the structural properties and modification of LiFePO4 cathode materials
Authors: Xiaoying Guo , Yuanyuan Bao , Wei Li , Siqin Zhao , Chao Huang
Published: August 2024

With the current global economy developing at a rapid pace, research into lithium-ion batteries has become a focal point in many major areas.
Entangled nematic disclinations using multi-particle collision dynamics
Authors: Head Louise C. , Fosado Yair A. G. , Marenduzzo Davide , Shendruk Tyler N.
Published: August 2024

The kinetics of colloids embedded in a fluctuating nematohydrodynamic medium are shown to reproduce far-field interactions, topological properties of entangled disclination loops and topological transitions during relaxation towards ground state.
Torque about electrostatically charged spheres makes them more attractive
Authors: Swift Michael R. , Smith Mike I.
Published: August 2024

We show the surprising emergence of non-uniform charge distributions on shaken insulating spheres. The resulting inter-particle torques, coupled with the orientation dependent force, can substantially increase attraction.
Construction of homologous branched oligomer megamolecules based on linker-directed protein assembly
Authors: Chen Yue , Feng Honghong , Chen Long , Zhou Wenbin , Zhou Shengwang
Published: August 2024

Octamer I and II megamolecules are synthesized by link-directed protein assembly from building blocks of synthetic fusion protein and linkers.
Introduction of the first commercial biobased benzoxazines for the manufacturing of fibre reinforced polymers
Authors: Abels Gideon , Koschek Katharina , Jones Paul , Howarth Wendy
Published: August 2024

This paper introduces the first commercial biobased benzoxazine resins and shows their promising flame-retardant properties based on intumescence.
Ab initio investigation of OH− vehicle migration in yttrium-doped barium zirconate
Authors: Eisele Sebastian , Andreschak Jan N. , Draber Fabian M. , Martin Manfred , Neitzel-Grieshammer Steffen
Published: August 2024

Vehicle OH− mechanism in doped barium zirconate accelerates oxygen ion transport.
A three-dimensional printed Si/rGO anode for flexible Li-ion batteries
Authors: Jiao Miaolun , Song Zheng , Zhang Yu , Ye Chenliang
Published: August 2024

A 3D-printed Si/rGO anode with a porous grid-like structure was well designed and synthesized and exhibits an excellent electrochemical performance in flexible lithium-ion batteries.
Differentiating ion transport of water-in-salt electrolytes within micro- and meso-pores of a multiporous carbon electrode
Authors: Islam M. Tauhidul , Gollas Bernhard , Abbas Qamar
Published: August 2024

The transport of ions within a porous carbon electrode is governed by ionic association when using concentrated aqueous electrolytes, impacting the power and energy of electrochemical energy storage devices.
Liquid eutectic gallium–indium as a magnesium-ion battery anode with ultralong cycle life enabled by liquid–solid phase transformation during (de)magnesiation at room temperature
Authors: Wang Lin , Ng Alexander , Family Roxana , Detsi Eric , Pikul James
Published: August 2024

Mg-ion batteries represent a promising alternative to Li-ion batteries but face challenges with cracking and poor cyclability in alloy anodes.
Review on the synthesis of Li-rich layered oxide cathodes
Authors: Gu Kexin , Shi Zhepu , Li Xiao , Qiu Bao , Liu Zhaoping
Published: August 2024

Based on the solid-phase reaction mechanism, this paper analyzes the synthesis process of LLOs, and summarizes the factors affecting the sintering process of LLOs.
Synergy of electrolyte manipulation and separator functionalization enables ultralong-life nonaqueous magnesium-organic batteries
Authors: Xue Xiaolan , Huang Tianlong , Zhang Yang , Zhong Quanjie , Tang Mengke , Shang Han , Zhang Yuanxiang , Cui Maosheng , Qi Jiqiu , Xu Huan , Sui Yanwei
Published: August 2024

A dual-pronged strategy involving electrolyte manipulation and separator functionalization is proposed to improve the electrochemical magnesium storage performance of organic small molecules.
Toward next-generation wearable sensors based on MXene hydrogels
Authors: He Qinglong , Zhao Chendong , Chen Hao , Wu Tianzhao , Zeng Chuijin , Chen Yiwen , Zhang Chuanfang
Published: August 2024

Here in this review, we systematically analyze the design principles of MXene hydrogels for next-generation wearable sensors. Emphasis is placed on multiple wearable sensors based on MXene electrical/mechanical enhancement in the hydrogel network.
Advancing energy materials through high throughput experiments and computation
Authors: Stein Helge S. , Bhowmik Arghya , Gregoire John M.
Published: August 2024

Moran Balaish, Helge S. Stein, Arghya Bhowmik, and John M. Gregoire introduce the Journal of Materials Chemistry A themed collection on advancing energy materials through high throughput experiments and computation.
Fabrication of fiber-particle structures by electrospinning/electrospray combination as an intrinsic antioxidant and oxygen-releasing wound dressing
Authors: Soheili Shima , Dolatyar Banafsheh , Adabi Mohammad Reza , Lotfollahi Darya , Shahrousvand Mohsen , Zahedi Payam , Seyedjafari Ehsan , Mohammadi-Rovshandeh Jamshid
Published: August 2024

A schematic representation of the fabrication process of wound dressing with intrinsic antioxidant and oxygen-releasing properties.
Immune response profiles induced by silk-based biomaterials: a journey from ‘immunogenicity’ towards ‘immuno-compatibility
Authors: Majumder Nilotpal , Bhattacharjee Maumita , Spagnoli Giulio C. , Ghosh Sourabh
Published: August 2024

The silk protein elicits ambivalent, both mild inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune responses for biomedical applications that can be attributed to surface chemistry, protein conformation, source of origin, and association with other proteins.
Construction of photoluminescence-afterglow dual-mode white emission materials from carbon dots via Förster resonance energy transfer
Authors: Huang Yuqing , Zhu Yulong , Li Chao , Zheng Guangsong , Zhang Chenxi , Nan Yang , Lou Qing , Chen Xu , Zhu Yongsheng , Zhu Jinyang
Published: August 2024

Carbon dots (CDs) have attracted much attention because of their unique structures and fascinating optical properties.
Introducing antiferromagnetic ordering on the surface states of a Bi2Se3 topological insulator by europium doping
Authors: Paul Sumana , Das Moumita , Datta Sujoy , Chakraborty Raja , Mandal Prabhat , Giri P. K.
Published: August 2024

Topological insulators (TIs) are materials with an insulating bulk characterized by a gapped band structure, along with gapless metallic surface states having a Dirac cone with a helical spin structure in momentum space.
Pressure mediated phase transition and dihydrogen bonding formation in trimethylamine borane
Authors: Guan Rongfeng , Liu Jingyan , Kutty Aditya , Yu Zhihao , Ji Yujin , Li Youyong , Song Yang
Published: August 2024

Trimethylamine borane as a potential hydrogen storage material was investigated at high pressures up to 35 GPa where its structural stability, phase transformation, bonding and electronic properties were elucidated.
Mesoscopic fully printable perovskite light-emitting diodes in the near infra-red region
Authors: Sohmer-Tal Maayan , Etgar Lioz
Published: August 2024

This study presents, for the first time, a fully printable mesoporous indium tin oxide (ITO) perovskite light-emitting diode (ITO-PeLED).
Hard magnetic colloidal nanoplates with tunable size for magneto-optical applications
Authors: Chen Jianing , Duan Jingtong , Anokhin Evgeny O. , Xia Zitian , Svetogorov Roman D. , Semina Anastasia A. , Nygaard Roy R. , Eliseev Artem A. , Gorbachev Evgeny A. , Trusov Lev A.
Published: August 2024

A method for producing highly anisotropic plate-like hexaferrite colloidal nanoparticles with tunable diameters is proposed.
Advances in the visualization and thermal management of electrochromic materials
Authors: Zhang Lei , Liu Ye , Wang Guoqiang , Kuang Yubo , Xiang Xiaoqian , Chen Xing , Cai Qianqian , Wang Kaixin , Lv Xiaojun
Published: August 2024

Herein, we consider the influence of organic groups on material properties, take tungsten oxide as an example to introduce the mechanism change process in detail, and verify theoretical development with an example.
Energy harvesting devices and smart sensors based on porous sponge-type triboelectric nanogenerators
Authors: Mao Yi , Cheng Taihong , Zhang Bowen , Luo Sheng
Published: August 2024

This study presents a high performance porous graphene–Ecoflex triboelectric nanogenerator, which can be integrated into real-time control switch systems for smart homes to detect trigger signals and control the operation status of smart home modules.
Nanoscale stability behavior of the CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite via scanning thermal chemical microscopy
Authors: Ying Yuxin , Du Wentong , Yang Weiwei , Zhao Kunyu , Zeng Huarong
Published: August 2024

Scanning thermal chemical microscopy offers an approach for investigating nanoscale stability behavior of CH3NH3PbI3 by recording nanoscale temperature-dependent IR spectra and thermal chemical mapping.
Boosting the dielectric and electrical performance of perovskite materials by collaborative augmentation with reduced graphene oxide nanosheets for cutting-edge storage solutions
Authors: Barik Rajanigandha , Sahu Priyanka , Sahoo Smrutirekha , Bhuyan Madhusmita , Dhara Soumen , Sahoo Dibakar
Published: August 2024

Enhanced dielectric and conductive properties of perovskite tuned by rGO.
Accuracy of Speech Sound Analysis: Comparison of an Automatic Artificial Intelligence Algorithm With Clinician Assessment
Authors: Carl Micalle , Rudyk Eduard , Shapira Yair , Rusiewicz Heather Leavy , Icht Michal
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

Automatic speech analysis (ASA) and automatic speech recognition systems are increasingly being used in the treatment of speech sound disorders (SSDs). When utilized as a home practice tool or in the absence of the clinician, the ASA system has the potential to facilitate treatment gains. However, the feedback accuracy of such systems varies, a factor that may impact these gains. The current research analyzes the feedback accuracy of a novel ASA algorithm (Amplio Learning Technologies), in comparison to clinician judgments.

Method:

A total of 3,584 consonant stimuli, produced by 395 American English–speaking children and adolescents with SSDs (age range: 4–18 years), were analyzed with respect to automatic classification of the ASA algorithm, clinician–ASA agreement, and interclinician agreement. Further analysis of results as related to phoneme acquisition categories (early-, middle-, and late-acquired phonemes) was conducted.

Results:

Agreement between clinicians and ASA classification for sounds produced accurately was above 80% for all phonemes, with some variation based on phoneme acquisition category (early, middle, late). This variation was also noted for ASA classification into “acceptable,” “unacceptable,” and “unknown” (which means no determination of phoneme accuracy) categories, as well as interclinician agreement. Clinician–ASA agreement was reduced for misarticulated sounds.

Conclusions:

The initial findings of Amplio's novel algorithm are promising for its potential use within the context of home practice, as it demonstrates high feedback accuracy for correctly produced sounds. Furthermore, complexity of sound influences consistency of perception, both by clinicians and by automated platforms, indicating variable performance of the ASA algorithm across phonemes. Taken together, the ASA algorithm may be effective in facilitating speech sound practice for children with SSDs, even in the absence of the clinician.
Socioeconomic Deprivation Detrimentally Influences Language Outcomes in Toddlers With Cleft Palate
Authors: Fujiki Robert Brinton , Lien Kari M. , Munday John , Thibeault Susan L. ,   on behalf of the Cleft Outcomes Research NETwork (CORNET) Consortium
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of socioeconomic deprivation on language and developmental outcomes in toddlers with cleft palate with or without cleft lip (CP ± L). Other factors known to influence language outcomes were also considered, including home language history, history of hearing problems, syndromic diagnoses, and sex.

Method:

A multicenter, cross-sectional study design was conducted. Data for 566 16-month-old toddlers with CP ± L were collected from 17 outpatient cleft palate clinics located throughout the United States. Outcome measures included the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories, LENA Developmental Snapshot, age at first word as reported by the caregiver, and the Ages and Stages Questionnaires–Third Edition (ASQ-3). Multivariable linear or logistic regression was used to determine the influence of socioeconomic deprivation, as measured by the Area Deprivation Index, on language and developmental outcomes.

Results:

Greater socioeconomic deprivation significantly predicted poorer language outcomes in toddlers with CP ± L, including receptive vocabulary words (
p
= .02), expressive vocabulary words (
p
= .02), and late-developing gestures (
p
= .02). Additionally, toddlers from less affluent neighborhoods produced their first words significantly later than their counterparts living in more affluent areas (
p
< .01). Lower maternal education levels predicted significantly increased risk for problem solving delays (
p
< .01), and patients with subsidized insurance were at significantly increased risk for personal–social delays on the ASQ-3 (
p
< .01).

Conclusions:

Children with CP ± L are susceptible to developmental delays associated with socioeconomic deprivation. These findings have implications for identifying a child's individual risk factors for developmental language disorders when conducting speech-language assessments. Future study should examine how inequities in care can be mitigated and addressed.
Energy‐Efficiency Maximization in Backscatter Communication‐Based Non‐Orthogonal Multiple Access System: Dinkelbach and Successive Convex Approximation Approaches
Authors: Lin Dingjia , Wang Tianqi , Wang Kaidi , Ding Zhiguo
Published: August 2024

This paper investigates a backscatter communication (BackCom) based non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system in a multiple‐input and single‐output (MISO) scenario, where two decoding methods are deployed, including the sum‐capacity approach and QR decomposition. The goal is to maximize energy efficiency (EE) through the optimization of the beamforming matrix and the reflection coefficient of the BackCom devices. Two algorithms, Dinkelbach based on penalty semidefinite relaxation (SDR) and successive convex approximation (SCA), are proposed as high‐performance and low‐complexity solutions, respectively. Simulation results indicate that the combination of the sum‐capacity approach and Dinkelbach yields the best performance, though at the highest complexity, while the amalgamation of QR decomposition and SCA offers the lowest performance but with minimal complexity.
Social‐ATPGNN: Prediction of multi‐modal pedestrian trajectory of non‐homogeneous social interaction
Authors: Wang Kehao , Zou Han
Published: August 2024

With the development of automatic driving and path planning technology, predicting the moving trajectory of pedestrians in dynamic scenes has become one of key and urgent technical problems. However, most of the existing techniques regard all pedestrians in the scene as equally important influence on the predicted pedestrian's trajectory, and the existing methods which use sequence‐based time‐series generative models to obtain the predicted trajectories, do not allow for parallel computation, it will introduce a significant computational overhead. A new social trajectory prediction network, Social‐ATPGNN which integrates both temporal information and spatial one based on ATPGNN is proposed. In space domain, the pedestrians in the predicted scene are formed into an undirected and non fully connected graph, which solves the problem of homogenisation of pedestrian relationships, then, the spatial interaction between pedestrians is encoded to improve the accuracy of modelling pedestrian social consciousness. After acquiring high‐level spatial data, the method uses Temporal Convolutional Network which could perform parallel calculations to capture the correlation of time series of pedestrian trajectories. Through a large number of experiments, the proposed model shows the superiority over the latest models on various pedestrian trajectory datasets.
How to reduce the influence of special vehicles on traffic flow? A Dogit‐ABM approach
Authors: Sun Zhiyuan , Wang Zhicheng , Wang Tianshi , Wang Duo , Lu Huapu , Chen Yanyan
Published: August 2024

Special vehicles (SVs) are vehicles which conduct tasks such as the maintenance of urban roads and are typically characterized by travelling at a lower speed at a constant rate of speed within the same lane. In order to reduce the influence of SVs, guidance zone is designed and provides traffic guidance suggestions (TGS) for human‐driven vehicles (HVs) helping drivers for better decision between car‐following (CF) and lane‐changing (LC). To verify the effectiveness of TGS, an improved Dogit‐agent‐based model is established to simulate the captive and not captive choice of CF and LC for different driver types under TGS, and build the rules for mixed traffic flow of SV and HVs. Finally, a numerical simulation with a three‐lane system is conducted to analyze the traffic efficiency through a set of indicators, and the results show that the TGS can reduce the influence of SVs on traffic flow in a specific occupancy rates range, increase the cross‐section traffic volume by about 5%. The TGS also can increase the average speed of HVs in the lane behind SV by about 5% to 30%, and increase traffic density to 200% on the underutilized lane in the raw space in front of the SV.
Phase‐only transmit beampattern synthesis with sparse arrays via alternating optimisation‐alternating direction of the multipliers method
Authors: Li Lifeng , Liu Xingang , Wang Xiangrong , Hu Mengkai , Du Yufeng
Published: August 2024

To get simultaneously sparse and constant modulus excitation to reduce the complexity of the array and the mutual effect of neighbouring elements, a novel algorithm via alternating optimisation‐alternating direction of the multipliers method is developed. This method uses the total transmitting power as the objective function to optimise the sparsity and the amplitude of excitation simultaneously. Numerical results are provided to verify its effectiveness.
The giant outburst of EXO 2030+375
Authors: Thalhammer P. , Ballhausen R. , Sokolova-Lapa E. , Stierhof J. , Zainab A. , Staubert R. , Pottschmidt K. , Coley J. B. , Rothschild R. E. , Jaisawal G. K. , West B. , Becker P. A. , Pradhan P. , Kretschmar P. , Wilms J.
Published: August 2024

The Be X-ray binary EXO 2030+375 went through its third recorded giant outburst from June 2021 to early 2022. We present the results of both spectral and timing analysis based on NICER monitoring, covering the 2−10 keV flux range from 20 to 310 mCrab. Dense monitoring with observations carried out about every second day and a total exposure time of ∼160 ks allowed us to closely track the source evolution over the outburst. Changes in the spectral shape and pulse profiles showed a stable luminosity dependence during the rise and decline. The same type of dependence has been seen in past outbursts. The pulse profile is characterized by several distinct peaks and dips. The profiles show a clear dependence on luminosity with a stark transition at a luminosity of ∼2 × 1036erg s−1, indicating a change in the emission pattern. Using relativistic raytracing, we demonstrate how anisotropic beaming of emission from an accretion channel with a constant geometrical configuration can give rise to the observed pulse profiles over a range of luminosities.
The giant outburst of EXO 2030+375
Authors: Ballhausen R. , Thalhammer P. , Pradhan P. , Sokolova-Lapa E. , Stierhof J. , Pottschmidt K. , Wilms J. , Coley J. B. , Kretschmar P. , Fürst F. , Becker P. , West B. , Malacaria C. , Wolff M. T. , Rothschild R. , Staubert R.
Published: August 2024

In 2021, the high-mass X-ray binary EXO 2030+375 underwent a giant X-ray outburst, the first since 2006, that reached a peak flux of ∼600 mCrab (3–50 keV). The goal of this work is to study the spectral evolution over the course of the outburst, search for possible cyclotron resonance scattering features (CRSFs), and to associate spectral components with the emission pattern of the accretion column. We used broadband spectra taken with the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR), the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER), and Chandra near the peak and during the decline phase of the outburst. We describe the data with established empirical continuum models and perform pulse-phase-resolved spectroscopy. We compare the spectral evolution with pulse phase using a proposed geometrical emission model. We find a significant spectral hardening toward lower luminosity, a behavior that is expected for super-critical sources. The continuum shape and evolution cannot be described by a simple power-law model with exponential cutoff; it requires additional absorption or emission components. We can confirm the presence of a narrow absorption feature at ∼10 keV in both NuSTAR observations. The absence of harmonics puts into question the interpretation of this feature as a CRSF. The empirical spectral components cannot be directly associated with identified emission components from the accretion column.
A type II radio burst associated with solar filament–filament interaction
Authors: Zhang Liang , Zheng Ruisheng , Chen Yao
Published: August 2024

Aims. Solar radio type II bursts are often associated with coronal shocks driven by solar eruptions. In this study, we report a type II burst associated with filament–filament interaction.

Methods. Combining the high-quality multiwavelength observations from CHASE, SDO, STEREO, and CALLISTO, we conducted a detailed study of the type II burst associated with filament–filament interaction.

Results. On 2023 September 11, an erupting filament (F1) likely disturbed a nearby long filament (F2), causing F2 to subsequently erupt. As a result of possible magnetic reconnection between ejective materials from the two filaments, loop-like structures formed perpendicular to them. Subsequently, the expansion of these loop-like structures triggered a strong coronal mass ejection (CME). Interestingly, a type II burst appeared on the solar spectrum around the time when the loop-like structures formed and the CME appeared above the occulting disk of STEREO/COR1. By converting the frequency of the type II burst to the coronal height using polarization brightness data recorded by the COR1 coronagraph and the spherically symmetric polynomial approximation technique, we determined the formation height of the type II burst to be around 1.45 R⊙, with a speed of approximately 440 km s−1. This is comparable to the observed height of the CME (∼1.43 R⊙), although slightly lower in speed (540 km s−1).

Conclusions. All these results indicate that the type II burst was closely associated with filament–filament interactions and was possibly excited by the accompanying CME at the flank. We suggest that the filament–filament interactions played an important role in producing the type II burst by acting as a piston to trigger a strong CME.
Gas-phase metallicity gradients in galaxies at z ∼ 6–8
Authors: Venturi G. , Carniani S. , Parlanti E. , Kohandel M. , Curti M. , Pallottini A. , Vallini L. , Arribas S. , Bunker A. J. , Cameron A. J. , Castellano M. , Ferrara A. , Fontana A. , Gallerani S. , Gelli V. , Maiolino R. , Ntormousi E. , Pacifici C. , Pentericci L. , Salvadori S. , Vanzella E.
Published: August 2024

The study of gas-phase metallicity and its spatial distribution at high redshift is crucial to understand the processes that shaped the growth and evolution of galaxies in the early Universe. Here we study the spatially resolved metallicity in three systems at z ∼ 6 − 8, namely A2744-YD4, BDF-3299, and COSMOS24108, with JWST NIRSpec IFU low-resolution (R ∼ 100) spectroscopic observations. These are among the highest-z sources in which metallicity gradients have been probed so far. Each of these systems hosts several spatial components in the process of merging within a few kiloparsecs, identified from the rest-frame UV and optical stellar continuum and ionised gas emission line maps. The sources have heterogeneous properties, with stellar masses log(M*/M⊙) ∼7.6–9.3, star formation rates (SFRs) ∼1–15 M⊙ yr−1, and gas-phase metallicities 12+log(O/H) ∼7.7–8.3, which exhibit a large scatter within each system. Their properties are generally consistent with those of the highest-redshift samples to date (z ∼ 3 − 10), though the sources in A2744-YD4 and COSMOS24108 are at the high end of the mass-metallicity relation (MZR) defined by the z ∼ 3 − 10 sources. Moreover, the targets in this work follow the predicted slope of the MZR at z ∼ 6 − 8 from most cosmological simulations. The gas-phase metallicity gradients are consistent with being flat in the main sources of each system. Flat metallicity gradients are thought to arise from gas mixing processes on galaxy scales, such as mergers or galactic outflows and supernova winds driven by intense stellar feedback, which wash out any gradient formed in the galaxy. The existence of flat gradients at z ∼ 6 − 8 sets also important constraints on future cosmological simulations and chemical evolution models, whose predictions on the cosmic evolution of metallicity gradients often differ significantly, especially at high redshift, but are mostly limited to z ≲ 3 so far.
A biconical ionised gas outflow and evidence of positive feedback in NGC 7172 uncovered by MIRI/JWST
Authors: Hermosa Muñoz L. , Alonso-Herrero A. , Pereira-Santaella M. , García-Bernete I. , García-Burillo S. , García-Lorenzo B. , Davies R. , Shimizu T. , Esparza-Arredondo D. , Hicks E. K. S. , Haidar H. , Leist M. , López-Rodríguez E. , Ramos Almeida C. , Rosario D. , Zhang L. , Audibert A. , Bellocchi E. , Boorman P. , Bunker A. J. , Combes F. , Campbell S. , Díaz-Santos T. , Fuller L. , Gandhi P. , González-Martín O. , Hönig S. , Imanishi M. , Izumi T. , Labiano A. , Levenson N. A. , Packham C. , Ricci C. , Rigopoulou D. , Rouan D. , Stalevski M. , Villar-Martín M. , Ward M. J.
Published: August 2024

We present observations of the type-2 Seyfert NGC 7172 obtained with the medium-resolution spectrometer (MRS) of the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) on board the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). This galaxy hosts one of the lowest ionised gas mass outflow rates (Ṁout ∼ 0.005 M⊙ yr−1) in a sample of six active galactic nuclei (AGN) with similar bolometric luminosities (log Lbol ∼ 44 erg s−1) within the Galactic Activity, Torus, and Outflow Survey (GATOS). We aim to understand the properties of the ionised gas outflow and its impact on the host galaxy. We mainly used the ionised gas emission lines from the neon transitions, which cover a broad range of ionisation potentials (IPs) from ∼20 eV to ∼130 eV. We applied parametric and non-parametric methods to characterise the line emission and kinematics. The low excitation lines (IP < 25 eV, e.g. [Ne II]) trace the rotating disc emission. The high excitation lines (IP > 90 eV, e.g. [Ne V]), which are likely photoionised exclusively by the AGN, are expanding in the direction nearly perpendicular to the disc of the galaxy, with maximum projected velocities in the range of ∼350–500 km s−1. In particular, [Ne V] and [Ne VI] lines reveal a biconical ionised gas outflow emerging north-south from the nuclear region, extending at least ∼2.5″ N and 3.8″ S (projected distance of ∼450 and 680 pc, respectively). Most of the emission arising in the northern part of the cone was not previously detected due to obscuration. Given the almost face-on orientation of the outflow and the almost edge-on orientation of the galaxy, NGC 7172 may be a case of weak coupling. Nevertheless, we found evidence of positive feedback in two distinct outflowing clumps at projected distances of 3.1″ and 4.3″ (i.e. ∼560 and 780 pc) south-west of the AGN. We estimated a star formation rate in these regions using the [Ne II] and [Ne III] luminosities of 0.08 M⊙ yr−1, which is ∼10% of that found in the circumnuclear ring. The star formation activity might have been triggered by the interaction between the ionised gas outflow and the interstellar medium of the galaxy.
Properties of intermediate- to high-mass stars in the young cluster M17
Authors: Backs F. , Brands S. A. , Ramírez-Tannus M. C. , Derkink A. R. , de Koter A. , Poorta J. , Puls J. , Kaper L.
Published: August 2024

Context. The outcome of the formation of massive stars is an important anchor point in the formation and evolution process of these stars. It provides insight into the physics of the assembly process, and sets the conditions for stellar evolution. For massive stars, the outcome of formation is rarely observed because the processes involved unfold deep down in highly extincted molecular clouds.

Aims. We characterize a population of highly reddened stars in the very young massive star-forming region M17. The group of 18 O4.5 to B9 stars constitutes one of the best samples of almost zero-age main-sequence (ZAMS) high- and intermediate-mass stars. Their properties allow us to identify the empirical location of the ZAMS of massive stars, and the rotation and mass-loss rate of stars close to or at the onset of core-hydrogen burning.

Methods. We performed quantitative spectroscopic modeling of a uniform set of over 100 spectral features in optical VLT/X-shooter spectra using the nonlocal thermal equilibrium stellar atmosphere code FASTWIND and a fitting approach based on a genetic algorithm, KIWI-GA. The spectral energy distributions of photometric observations were used to determine the line-of-sight extinction. From a comparison of their positions in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram with MIST evolutionary tracks, we inferred the stellar masses and ages.

Results. We find an age of 0.4−0.2+0.6 Myr for our sample, however we also identify a strong relation between the age and the mass of the stars. All sources are highly reddened, with AV ranging from 3.6 to 10.6 mag. The sample can be subdivided into two groups. Stars more massive than 10 M⊙ have reached the ZAMS. Their projected ZAMS spin rate distribution extends to 0.3 of the critical velocity; their mass-loss rates agree with those of other main-sequence O and early-B stars. Stars with a mass in the range 3 < M/M⊙ < 7 are still on the pre-main sequence (PMS), and some of them have circumstellar disks. Evolving their υ sin i to the ZAMS assuming angular momentum conservation yields values up to ~0.6 υcrit. For PMS stars without disks, we find tentative mass-loss rates up to 10−8.5 M⊙ yr−1. The total-to-selective extinction RV is higher for PMS stars with disks than for the remainder of the sample.

Conclusions. We constrain the empirical location of the ZAMS for massive (10 < M/M⊙ < 50) stars and find it to agree with its location in MIST evolutionary tracks. The ZAMS rotation rates for intermediate-mass stars are twice as high as for massive stars, suggesting that the angular momentum gain processes differ between the two groups. The relation between the age and mass of the stars suggests a lag in the formation of more massive stars relative to lower mass stars. Taking the derived mass-loss rates at face value, stellar winds are already initiated in the PMS phase. The PMS-star winds are found to be substantially more powerful than indicated by predictions for line-driven outflows.
A study of the electrostatic properties of the interiors of low-mass stars: Possible implications for the observed rotational properties
Authors: Brito A. , Lopes I.
Published: August 2024

Context. In the partially ionized material of stellar interiors, the strongest forces acting on electrons and ions are the Coulomb interactions between charges. The dynamics of the plasma as a whole depend on the magnitudes of the average electrostatic interactions and the average kinetic energies of the particles that constitute the stellar material. An important question is how these interactions of real gases are related to the observable stellar properties. Specifically, the relationships between rotation, magnetic activity, and the thermodynamic properties of stellar interiors are still not well understood. These connections are crucial for understanding and interpreting the abundant observational data provided by space-based missions, such as Kepler/K2 and TESS, and the future data from the PLATO mission.

Aims. In this study, we investigate the electrostatic effects within the interiors of low-mass main sequence (MS) stars. Specifically, we introduce a global quantity, a global plasma parameter, which allows us to compare the importance of electrostatic interactions across a range of low-mass theoretical models (0.7 − 1.4 M⊙) with varying ages and metallicities. We then correlate the electrostatic properties of the theoretical models with the observable rotational trends on the MS.

Methods. We use the open-source 1D stellar evolution code MESA to compute a grid of main-sequence stellar models. Our models span the log g − Teff space of a set of 66 Kepler main-sequence stars.

Results. We identify a correlation between the prominence of electrostatic effects in stellar interiors and stellar rotation rates. The variations in the magnitude of electrostatic interactions with age and metallicity further suggest that understanding the underlying physics of the collective effects of plasma can clarify key observational trends related to the rotation of low-mass stars on the MS. These results may also advance our understanding of the physics behind the observed weakened magnetic braking in stars.
Anforderungen an die die therapeutische Beziehungsgestaltung
Authors: Wagner Elisabeth
Published: August 2024

Die Bedeutung der therapeutischen Beziehung wird in allen Therapieverfahren betont, vielfach wird sie als wichtigster allgemeiner Wirkfaktor betrachtet. In diesem Beitrag wird genauer untersucht, welche Empfehlungen sich aus der empirischen Psychotherapieforschung in Hinblick auf die Gestaltung der therapeutischen Beziehung ableiten lassen und welche gesellschaftlichen Phänomene hier zu berücksichtigen sind.
Einsamkeit bei Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen: Herausforderungen, Risiko- und
Schutzfaktoren und psychotherapeutische Perspektiven in Zeiten des Wandels
Authors: Ernst Mareike
Published: August 2024

Im Zusammenhang mit der COVID-19-Pandemie ist Einsamkeit bei jungen Menschen mehr in den Fokus von
Forschung und Praxis gerückt. Sie kann als das Ergebnis eines komplexen Zusammenspiels
lebensphasenspezifischer Anforderungen, sozialer Bedürfnisse und individueller Unterschiede verstanden
werden, die wesentlich durch frühere Erfahrungen beeinflusst sind. Diese Perspektive eröffnet vielfältige
Ansatzpunkte für psychotherapeutische Interventionen.
Ihr seid zu viel(e) – Gesellschaftliche Beziehungsaussagen an geflüchtete Menschen und die Auswirkungen auf deren psychotherapeutische Behandlung
Authors: Bräutigam Barbara
Published: August 2024

In diesem Beitrag geht es um den Wandel eines gesellschaftlichen Narrativs und dessen Folgen für die betroffene Gruppe. Nach einer kurzen Skizzierung des aktuellen Forschungsstandes werden Hypothesen darüber angestellt, wie ein bestimmtes gesellschaftliches Klima sich negativ auf die individuelle psychische Gesundheit geflüchteter Menschen auswirken kann und wie Psychotherapie alternative und potenziell heilsame Beziehungsaussagen generieren kann.
Interkulturelle Paartherapie im Zeitalter der Mobilität
Authors: Borcsa Maria , Winkler Christina
Published: August 2024

Interkulturelle Paare sind in Zeiten von Mobilität und Migration keine Seltenheit. Mehr als andere Paare
sind Partner aus verschiedenen Kulturen mit Fragen und Konflikten konfrontiert, die ihre Unterschiede
immer wieder deutlich machen und zuweilen unlösbar erscheinen lassen. Mit Online-Formaten sowie einer
Kombination von einzel- und paartherapeutischen Interventionen kann den besonderen Bedarfen
interkultureller Paare Rechnung getragen werden.
Transgenerationale Aspekte nach Zwangsmigration
Authors: Borcsa Maria , Witzel Paula
Published: August 2024

Dieser Beitrag fußt auf 2 qualitativen Forschungsprojekten, in denen die Aspekte Transgenerationalität und Zwangsmigration einerseits aus einer retrospektiven und andererseits aus einer prospektiven Perspektive untersucht werden. Ziel ist es, familiäre Bewältigungsstrategien im Umgang mit Verlusterfahrungen und Traumatisierungen nach erfahrener Zwangsmigration zu identifizieren.
3D-Technologien in der dermatologischen Lehre
Authors: Schneller Alexander , Welzel Julia , Hinske Ludwig Christian , Schuh Sandra
Published: August 2024

3D-Technologien sind in vielen Industriezweigen präsent und gewinnen auch in der Medizin zunehmend an Bedeutung. In Forschung, Lehre und Patientenbehandlung finden 3D-Visualisierung und 3D-Druck vielfältig Anwendung. In der Dermatologie besteht hier Entwicklungspotenzial. Besonders die dermatologische Lehre nutzt nach wie vor überwiegend zweidimensionale Abbildungen von Hautkrankheiten in Lehrbüchern und Vorlesungen. Dieser Übersichtsartikel schlägt einen Bogen von etablierten historischen dreidimensionalen Lehrmedien in der Dermatologie zu modernen 3D-Verfahren und ihrer Anwendung in verschiedenen dermatologischen Lehrformaten. Virtual und Augmented Reality sowie 3D-Druck können immersive Lernerfahrungen bieten und werden vereinzelt bereits mit Erfolg angewandt. Innovationen in dem Gebiet der 3D-Medien bieten spannende Ausblicke auf potenzielle Anwendungsgebiete.
„Forum Akademische Lehre der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft“: die ersten 10 Jahre
Authors: Ochsendorf Falk , Welzel Julia
Published: August 2024

Ziel der Studie Es werden die Aktivitäten des „Forum Akademische
Lehre der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft (DDG)“ zusammengestellt und
ausgewertet.

Methodik Die Protokolle von 22 Sitzungen des „Forum Akademische
Lehre“ (FAL; 10/2013 bis 4/2024) und die dabei entstandenen Produkte (wie Umfragen,
Veröffentlichungen, Kongressbeiträge) wurden ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse An den zweimal jährlich stattfindenden 22 Treffen
nahmen insgesamt 78 verschiedene Personen teil. Diese stammten aus 38 Standorten (v.a.
Universitätsklinika). Durchschnittlich hatten die Standorte an 6,7±5 (x̅±SD; Min. 1, Max. 22,
Median 6) Treffen teilgenommen. In Präsenz lag die Teilnahme durchschnittlich bei 9, bei
Onlinetreffen bei 18 Personen. Das FAL informierte regelhaft über aktuelle Entwicklungen in
der Lehre, wie Entwicklung des Nationalen Kompetenzbasierten Lernzielkatalogs Medizin (NKLM)
und den Stand der Diskussion der neuen Approbationsordnung, führte kollegiale Fallberatungen
durch, schulte zu verschiedenen aktuellen Themen (wie Optimierung digitaler Unterricht,
künstliche Intelligenz in der Lehre) und erarbeitete zahlreiche Hilfestellungen zur
Verbesserung der Lehre (u.a. Lernzielkatalog Dermatologie, Erhöhung der Motivation zur Lehre,
Lernzieldefinition, Optimierung Multiple-Choice-Fragen und mündlich-praktische
Prüfungen).

Schlussfolgerung Das Forum „Akademische Lehre“ ist durch die
Unterstützung der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft ein fest etablierter Arbeitskreis.
Gestellte Aufgaben wurden erfolgreich bearbeitet. Eine breitere Unterstützung durch die
Klinikleitungen könnte die Wirksamkeit dieses Forums noch erhöhen.
„Warum Dermatologie?“ – Umfrage unter jungen Weiterbildungsassistentinnen und -assistenten in deutschen Hautkliniken
Authors: Ochsendorf Falk , Nashan Dorothée
Published: August 2024

Ziel der Studie Vor dem Hintergrund eines relativen Mangels an geeignetem Nachwuchs sollte untersucht werden, welche Faktoren junge Ärztinnen und Ärzte veranlasst hatten, sich für eine Weiterbildung (WB) in der Dermatologie zu entscheiden.

Methodik Das „Forum Akademische Lehre der DDG“ führte in 8/2017 an den deutschen Universitäts-Hautkliniken (U, n=115 Antwortende) sowie in 6/2018 an den nicht-universitären Hautkliniken (NU, n=47 Antwortende) eine Online-Befragung durch. Unterstützt durch den Vorstand der DDG wurden alle Klinikdirektoren zweimal angeschrieben und gebeten, die Umfrage bei ihren WB-Assistentinnen und -Assistenten bekannt zu machen. Die Auswertung erfolgte deskriptiv. Hierbei zeigte sich eine „Sättigung“ bei den freien Antworten, sodass die Rückmeldungen als repräsentativ angesehen werden können.

Ergebnisse Mehr als 70% der Antwortenden waren Frauen. Die
Entscheidung für die Dermatologie als Wahlfach im Praktischen Jahr fällt spät im Studium. Die
wesentlichen Gründe (>50%) für die Wahl als WB-Fach lagen in seiner Vielseitigkeit
(konservativ und operativ, Subspezialisierungen, Patienten aller Altersgruppen) und in der
visuellen Diagnostik (Blickdiagnosen) begründet. Gute Niederlassungsmöglichkeiten und
Familienfreundlichkeit des Fachs wurden jeweils von ca. 15% genannt. Vorlesungen waren bei ca.
50%, Vorbilder bei ca. 55%, das Praktikum bei ca. 75%, Famulaturen bei 75% und das Praktische
Jahr bei 85% ausschlaggebend für ihre Wahl. Interesse für die dermatologische Forschung wurde
v.a. im 1.–3. klinischen und dann wieder im 6. klinischen Semester geweckt, meist durch die
Promotion in der Dermatologie. Wesentliche Unterschiede zwischen universitären und
nicht-universitären Hautkliniken lagen beim Interesse an der Forschung (43% U vs. 30%
NU).

Schlussfolgerung Eine gute Lehre mit der Betonung der Vielseitigkeit des Fachs ist der Hauptfaktor für die Nachwuchsgewinnung.