bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Co‐ordination and Disaster Response in the United Kingdom
Authors: Hills Alice E.
Published: July 2002

Co‐ordination is seen as a key element in UK disaster‐response planning,
although the term is used synonymously with co‐operation and liaison by
both the Home Office and the organizations involved. This lack of
clarity shows the ad hoc nature of both the legislation and management
practices governing the response. Argues that, as a result,
co‐ordination may be an inappropriate goal; co‐operation may be
preferable and more accessible. Highlights key elements influencing
current trends, together with practical and theoretical issues from the
move towards a simplified response. Concludes that co‐ordination by
feedback will continue to dominate because it is in accord with past
practice. This will ensure that co‐ordination is both confined to
specific functions and used as a general exhortation, even though
co‐operation may be a more accurate description of the key element in UK
disaster response.
Communication about major accident hazards: credibility of qualified informers in an Italian city
Authors: Lombardi Marco
Published: July 2002

Reports on research carried out under the aegis of the European Community as part of the Step Programme. Researchers from the following universities contributed: Berlin (Germany), Grenoble (France), Lancaster (Great Britain), Liège (Belgium), and The Catholic University (Milan, Italy). Aims to evaluate public perception of individuals and organizations as informers in situations where there is a high level industrial risk. Discusses the following: the clarity of communication, the degree of professionalism of the information sources, the extent to which the message attributed to each of the important informers was credible. Treats this as a comparative study under the terms of Article 8 of the Seveso Directive which invites public authorities, as well as so‐called “risk” industries, to keep the population informed of the potential dangers to which they are exposed as a result of industrial activity.
Inter‐organizational policy processes in disaster management
Authors: Kouzmin Alexander , Jarman Alan M. G. , Rosenthal Uriel
Published: July 2002

Discusses the efficiency of disaster management policies and programmes in Australia. Argues that there are long‐standing deficiencies in strategic and operational planning and forecasting approaches. Urges more co‐operation and co‐ordination between the various emergency services. Discusses the development of terrestrial and space technologies which could be used in disaster management.
Flood warning systems under stress in the United Kingdom
Authors: Parker Dennis , Fordham Maureen , Tunstall Sylvia , Ketteridge Anne‐Michelle
Published: July 2002

Discusses the results of evaluations of flood forecasting, warning
and response systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.
Reveals that in England and Wales flood warning systems often
underperform. Despite technical sophistication and their elevation to
high priority in central government′s flood defence strategy,
arrangements for flood warnings are now under considerable stress
because of lack of agreement over organizational roles and
responsibilities. Legal ambiguities, funding difficulties and
ideological positions lie behind these problems. Flood warning systems
are developing in Scotland, and there is now a “fledgling”
system in Northern Ireland, but both lag behind England and Wales.
Examines implications for the future.
Patterns of sheltering and housing in US disasters
Authors: Quarantelli E.L.
Published: July 2002

The terms “sheltering” and “housing” are used in a variety of unclear and inconsistent ways in the disaster literature. Proposes a differentiation among emergency sheltering, temporary sheltering, temporary housing and permanent housing. Indicates how they are paid differential attention in American disaster planning and gives specific observations about the four patterns, noting especially how they differ from one another. Suggests there will be a future increase in problems in all the patterns, and that it is not yet fully established to what extent these patterns are applicable in all types of societies.
Flood disaster management in Malaysia: an evaluation of the
effectiveness of government resettlement schemes
Authors: Weng Chan Ngai
Published: July 2002

In disaster management, relocation/resettlement is more often seen
as the worst option as it gives the impression that nothing else can be
done about the hazard and people have to be moved. Relocation is
unpopular, as plans to relocate entire communities are costly, mainly
because of the need to acquire alternative locations and the provision
of housing for those resettled. More significantly, at least on the part
of those being relocated, it provokes social disruption and upheaval
when people are bundled into an alien environment. Notwithstanding the
influence of structural/societal forces, people are also reluctant to be
relocated far from relatives, friends and their place of work (or
schools in the case of children). Examines the effectiveness of
government‐run permanent relocation schemes as a response to flood
hazards in Malaysia.
Risk ‐ two views: the public’s and the experts’
Authors: Kletz Trevor A.
Published: July 2002

Technologists and the public look at risks in different ways: technologists try to find a way of estimating the size of each risk and then try to deal with the bigger ones first; their decisions may not be right but the reasons for them are usually made clear. In contrast, the reasons for the public’s decisions are usually implicit, that is, they have to be deduced from their actions, but nevertheless they show a pattern. Tries to give each side a better understanding of the other’s point of view.
Analysis of fatality, injury, evacuation and cost data using the Bradford Disaster Scale
Authors: Keller A.Z. , Meniconi M. , Al‐Shammari I. , Cassidy K.
Published: July 2002

Data sets were compiled from the MHIDAS data bank for incidents where there had been five or more fatalities, ten or more injuries, 50 evacuations, or US$1 million damage. The data were converted to magnitudes on the Bradford Disaster Scale and analysed using maximum likelihood. Parameters determined from the estimation procedures were compared for compatibility between themselves and the results of analyses using other data.
The techniques of risk analysis are insufficient in themselves
Authors: Frosdick Steve
Published: July 2002

Explores the thesis that the techniques of risk analysis are necessary but in themselves insufficient components of the management of risk process. Begins by exploring the debate about risk. Proposes a definition of risk analysis, suggesting that the term refers to the sum of risk identification, estimation and evaluation. Takes the three component headings as the frameworks. Within each framework, gives an overview followed by an outline of the more common and important techniques. Discusses the issues of sufficiency and draws conclusions. Refers to the decision making techniques of risk management and sets out the overall conclusions substantiating the thesis.
The role of amateur radio in providing emergency electronic communication for disaster management
Authors: Coile Russell C.
Published: July 2002

In the USA, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) provides support to State and local governments in fulfilment of their responsibilities for preparedness, response, recovery and mitigation of disasters. One method FEMA has used to support State and local emergency communication functions was to sign and implement a Memorandum of Understanding with the American Radio Relay League (ARRL) for amateur radio operators to provide electronic communications for State and local governments in disasters. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has licensed more than 600,000 amateur radio operators in the USA. The national organization of amateur radio operators called the American Radio Relay League (ARRL) was formed in 1914. More than 80,000 of these amateurs have registered their availability for emergency communications in disasters in the ARRL’s Amateur Radio Emergency Service (ARES). Amateur radio operators have been providing communications in natural disasters such as floods, hurricanes and earthquakes since 1910. Since amateur radio operation was prohibited during the years of both World Wars I and II, FEMA has sponsored a new branch of the amateur service called Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES). RACES operators are authorized to operate if the President invokes his War Emergency Powers while all other amateur operation would be silenced. Examines the role of amateur radio in providing emergency electronic communications for disaster management and explores future contributions.
Responding to landslide hazards in rapidly developing Malaysia: a case of economics versus environmental protection
Authors: Weng Chan Ngai
Published: July 2002

Malaysia is an ex‐colonial, newly‐industrialising country, with a sustained high economic growth rate averaging eight per cent GDP per annum over the past ten years. Within such a rapidly booming economy, the pace of social, economic and political change is fast, as is the pace of technological change. Other things being equal, these are the changes in which environmental hazards can be magnified. As a result of rapid economic development, physical systems are disturbed and changed. For example, the modification of the hydrological cycle due to deforestation, urbanisation, development of hill slopes and other human land use have given rise to increased risks of landslides. In recent years, the collapse of a block of luxury condominiums in Kuala Lumpur, the Genting Highland and Pos Dipang landslide tragedies as well as other landslide disasters have caused substantial loss of life and damage to property and infrastructure. Combined with intensive development of hill slopes and hill land for housing, recreation, tourism, agriculture, highway and dam construction, and other human induced land use changes, the exposure and vulnerability of human populations to landslide hazards have also increased. Other reasons, largely structural, such as persistent poverty, low residential and occupational mobility, and landlessness, manifested in illegal squatting and farming on hill slopes and foothills have also contributed to increased vulnerability of large communities to landslide hazards in many parts of the country. As Malaysia pushes ahead to meet its target of becoming a fully industrialised country by the year 2020, further environmental degradation is expected to occur. Notwithstanding other aspects of environmental degradation, the occurrence of landslide hazards is expected to become a common feature of Malaysian life.
The dark side of growth and industrial disasters since the Second World War
Authors: Granot Hayim
Published: July 2002

Examines the disastrous industrial accidents globally since the Second World War. Change and innovation development have accelerated dramatically through this century. The war itself influenced various developments. Argues that environmental problems are problems of development. Bhopal, Chernobyl, Exxon Valdez, Kuwait’s oil wells and Siberian pipelines are all used as examples. Industrial activity and social change have increased vulnerability to man‐made hazards. Hazardous industries tend to be sited nearer the poorest and most vulnerable people, making the effects of any disaster even greater. Discusses the changing attitudes to man‐made disasters ‐ from fatalistic resignation to a desire to gain greater control. Assessment, legislation and mitigation have meant improvements and are indicators of willingness and ability to handle the threats.
A multi‐level approach to community‐focused training in drug education: part 2 – teachers as researchers and partners in curriculum development
Authors: McWhirter Jenny , Boddington Nick , Perry David , Clements Ian , Wetton Noreen
Published: July 2002

Recent advice suggests that single‐level, single‐strand interventions are less effective in preventing or reducing harm from drug misuse than multi‐level multi‐agency approaches. Part 1 described one aspect of a community focused initiative in drug education. The overall aim of the initiative was to support and train key adults within the community to implement locally relevant schemes of work and drug‐related policies. In the previous paper, we described the training offered to parents, school staff and governors in communities in Essex. This second paper reviews both the guidelines for effective teaching and learning in drug education and the importance of effective teacher education. We describe an action research approach to in‐service training for health education coordinators which led to the development of a minimum entitlement curriculum for three different communities within the same county. We offer this combination of research, training and development as a new approach to drug education.
Vital Youth: evaluating a theatre in health education project
Authors: Douglas Nicola , Warwick Ian , Whitty Geoff , Aggleton Peter
Published: July 2002

Theatre in education (TIE) has recently been advocated as an effective health education method with young people. However, evaluation findings to date have been mixed. Describes the evaluation of a TIE project involving 19 African and African‐Caribbean young people in inner‐city London. Project objectives included the development of social skills, performing arts skills and opportunities to learn about relevant health topics. The project consisted of workshop sessions culminating in performances at a local theatre. Contextual factors and stakeholder expectations encouraged the development of an innovatory evaluation workshop method. Findings suggested that the intervention was largely successful, with participants reporting opportunities to learn about and discuss relevant health‐related topics, and enhanced social skills and confidence. The evaluation concluded that actively involving young people, addressing their concerns and using activities that engage them in productive group work processes, can be usefully applied whatever the resources available.
Evaluating the health‐promoting school
Authors: Moon Alysoun
Published: July 2002

Examines some of the constraints on the effective evaluation of the health‐promoting school, particularly where a whole‐school approach is used, and outcomes are not behaviour‐specific. Considers the components of a successful school health intervention, and identifies some of the difficulties in achieving comprehensive evaluation. Explores the advantages of randomisation and controlled studies and identifies some limitations of these approaches, when the main aims are to examine process and non‐specific behavioural outcomes. Identifies some common errors that have been made in school‐based evaluations in the past and argues that the use of multiple methods of evaluation are necessary for a multi‐factorial whole‐school approach to teaching and learning about health. Discusses the recommendations for future evaluation by the WHO European Working Group on Health Promotion Evaluation.
The health promoting status of secondary schools in Wales pre‐ and post‐local government reorganisation: perspectives of health education co‐ordinators
Authors: Thomas Malcolm , Keirle Kathleen
Published: July 2002

This study assesses the influence of local government reorganisation on health education provision and support in Welsh secondary schools. The study was conducted in two stages, shortly before, and 31 months after, a local government reorganisation. Respondents for the study were a sample of health education co‐ordinators from 23 secondary schools that represented seven of the eight local education authorities prior to the local government reorganisation in April 1996. Findings revealed several obstacles to schools becoming more health promoting. Lack of time, demands of the National Curriculum, low profile and status given to Personal and Social Education programmes, lack of expertise amongst staff, and the pressure exerted by league tables, were commonly reported by co‐ordinators. The importance of in‐service training for all staff and the need for stronger community and parental links was only raised by a few. The research also suggests that schools are becoming more reliant on health promotion units as opposed to the advisory support in their locality.
Assessing “Sun Know How”: comparing outdoor and indoor workers
Authors: Sengupta Soumen , Blain Peter G.
Published: July 2002

The aim of this study was to compare knowledge of the “Sun Know How” campaign’s primary sun safety messages (i.e. covering up, seeking shade and applying sunscreen) between adults who work predominantly outdoors and adults who work predominantly indoors. A questionnaire survey was conducted amongst a purposive sample of local authority and National Health Service employees across four boroughs in the Northern and Yorkshire region (N= 273). While findings support the value of concentrating efforts and resources on outdoor workers, they also highlight the necessity for interventions which reflect and account for distinct needs, practical circumstances, and the developing evidence base.
Singing, gender and health: perspectives from boys singing in a church choir
Authors: Ashley Martin
Published: July 2002

A growing literature is now claiming that participation in the arts, and music in particular, is beneficial to health. Whilst some claims are made for music benefiting physiological health, the main benefit would seem to be for gains in emotional wellbeing. There is a gender dimension to participation in music, with girls being more likely to participate, and boys who wish to sing or play certain instruments facing the disapproval of a “macho” peer culture. The paper reports on qualitative research carried out into the views of 18 boy singers in a well‐known church choir in England, using observation, diary keeping, individual and group interviews. The boys showed a deep appreciation of and engagement with the music. They exhibited many features of high personal wellbeing, including the social competence to circumscribe the proscriptions of “macho” culture. Those from state schools were very critical of the superficial way singing was tackled in their schools. Secondary schools were reported as being more accepting of their singing than primary schools. All the boys were academic high achievers and were particularly keen on autonomous reading, again being critical of the guided reading offered by their schools. The paper concludes that state schools could do more to involve young people, including boys, in singing, and to take the subject more seriously, but acknowledges that the pressures on state schools to deliver literacy and numeracy are making this difficult.
Sharks, Cliffs and Jagged Rocks
Authors: McWhirter Jenny , Weston Ros
Published: July 2002

Describes initial results from a study by researchers at the Health
Education Unit at the University of Southampton to find out what
children aged 4 to 13 understand by “risk” and “risky behaviour”. Suggests
that the concept of risk as something that is positive or exciting first
appears at the age of about nine – the same time at which children are
perhaps most vulnerable to peer pressure and are most likely to
experience their first encounters with alcohol, cigarettes and other
harmful substances. Concludes that health educators need to take risk
into account through practical classroom activities at the same time as
imparting health knowledge and skills.
Pupils′ Perceptions of Health Education at School
Authors: Hamblett Mary
Published: July 2002

Describes a study to determine whether pupils in a secondary school
recognize health education as such, and where they obtain information on
health‐related matters. The study found that some pupils were unaware
that some topics constituted health education. All girls but only 80 per
cent of boys thought that health education was important. Concludes that
school health education is effective, but that its impact cannot be
fully evaluated, because pupils identify many other sources for health
education information. Suggests that education to help pupils make their
own informed choices and resist pressures from friends or families
should be strengthened.
Looking at Us...Looking at Them
Authors: White Norma
Published: July 2002

Reviews some of the evidence suggesting that sex discrimination is
present in many schools, particularly in relation to science education.
Suggests ways in which schools can address the issue of equal
opportunities for all. Describes an awareness‐raising exercise on equal
opportunities suitable for use with all school staff, parents and older
pupils. The exercise introduces ways in which participants can begin to
understand that inequality is constantly present in people′s lives. It
also describes a project for examining the different pictorial portrayal
of men and women in the national press.
Professionalization and the health promotion
Authors: McGhee Gerar
Published: July 2002

Explores the concept of profession in relation to the occupational
group known as health promotion officers and examines the question of
whether it is appropriate or desirable for health promotion officers to
seek to become professionals. Suggests that although the status of a
profession initially appears to be desirable for the health promotion
officer, such status can carry with it unwanted characteristics such as
protectionism and élitism. Concludes that health promotion
specialists need to strike a balance between those professional
characteristics that are desirable and positive, while avoiding the
negative attributes of professions which could seriously undermine the
whole purpose and philosophy underpinning the health promotion officer′s
role.
Menstrual complexities
Authors: Power Paula
Published: July 2002

Summarizes the inadequate way in which young people are taught
about menstruation in school. Describes how the author′s local education
authority decided to call a halt to lectures on menstruation offered by
manufacturers of tampons after concluding that such lectures were
designed to promote sales of tampons. Provides a classroom exercise to
raise pupils′ awareness of how modern packaging of sanitary wear
perpetuates society′s taboos about menstruation. Concludes that although
sanitary protection is now more openly displayed in shops than in the
past, it is now disguised in other ways.
Health education in the National Curriculum
Authors: Brown Terry
Published: July 2002

Details components of the programmes of study within the National Curriculum which offer opportunities to contribute to personal, social and health education, along with relevant extracts from Curriculum Guidance 5: Health Education. This is a first analysis which the author hopes will be useful as a starting point for teachers wishing to utilize aspects of the National Curriculum to support their PSHE programme. Invites comments from others on how this work could be developed.
Health education needs of young men
Authors: Dines Thelma , Cornish Rosemary , Weston Ros
Published: July 2002

Examines what is known about the health education needs of young men and reports on two small qualitative studies which explored young men’s perceptions of their health education needs. Suggests that because health education is often designed and delivered by women, it may not take account of those issues that young men deem to be important. In the studies described, the young men interviewed expressed as needs topics which should have been delivered within the school curriculum. Concludes that young men need some guidance on what their health education needs are; otherwise important topics will be omitted. Recommends that in‐service training should be offered to those teaching health education and that this should include skills in working with young men. Calls for more research into this area of education.
An extra 20 per cent of commitment
Authors: Bayley Ros
Published: July 2002

Describes how the author’s school, which already placed a significant emphasis on encouraging children to value themselves, decided to devote 20 per cent of curriculum time (released as a result of the introduction of the slimmed‐down National Curriculum) to a wide‐ranging health education programme. The school decided on a three‐year rolling programme in which planning and staff training could take place in the term preceding implementation of the suggested work. This would also allow staff to reflect on what had been achieved to date, thus modifying the next stage of the implementation. Outlines topics in three broad categories of the health education curriculum, and discusses ways in which one topic ‐ peer group pressure ‐ is tackled at Key Stage1.
Face values
Authors: Partridge James
Published: July 2002

Summarizes the importance of facial appearance in everyday life and the difficulties experienced by anyone who suffers facial disfigurement or is born with an unusual facial feature. Describes how the Phoenix Appeal, a plastic surgery charity, and the charity Changing Faces initiated the development of a teaching pack for primary school children on facial disfigurement. The pack aims to influence the ways in which children focus on “difference” and emphasizes how unfair it is to mistreat anyone because of their looks.
The bug stops here
Authors: Ibarra Joanna
Published: July 2002

Bug Busting is a method of clearing head lice by the tutored use of a fine‐toothed plastic comb in association with ordinary shampoo and conditioner. It is becoming recognized as a viable alternative to pesticidal treatments at a time when their efficacy and safety are in question. Discusses the importance of providing parents with adequate instruction in the method and co‐ordinating their informed efforts on Bug Busting Days (31 October and 31 January). Describes the results of monitoring whole‐school participation.
Who can I turn to? Confidentiality and young people
Authors: Dines Thelma
Published: July 2002

Examines why young people choose to speak to their friends about sex and personal relationships rather than to people who they think would give them more accurate information. Suggests that young people, and those professionals who care for them, are unclear as to the meaning of “confidentiality”. Concludes that this term means different things to different professional groups. Believes that schools, colleges and youth clubs should have their own policies on confidentiality, and that the contents of the policies should be made clear to young people before they have a need to disclose information, so that they are made aware of the potential consequences of confidential disclosures.
Does sex education make a difference?
Authors: Wight Daniel
Published: July 2002

Despite widespread professional support for school sex education, there is little evidence about its effects on sexual behaviour. This article describes a project to evaluate rigorously the potential of teacher‐delivered sex education to reduce sexual risk taking. SHARE (Sexual Health and Relationships: Safe, Happy and Responsible) is a 20‐lesson course for 13‐15‐year‐olds designed according to the best educational theories and practices, and incorporating insights from recent social science research on young people’s sexual behaviour. The programme is underpinned by a five‐day teacher training course and is now being evaluated through a randomized controlled trial involving 25 Scottish schools that have been allocated either to deliver SHARE, or to continue with their existing sex education programmes. The impact of SHARE will be assessed in terms of pupils’ greater skills to negotiate sexual encounters and reduced sexual risk taking.
Prison visits to meet drug addicts: a Dutch drug education scheme
Authors: Kesterton Allison
Published: July 2002

Describes the author’s visit to The Netherlands while in receipt of a Winston Churchill Travelling Fellowship to study drug education. Reports on a visit of a group of 12‐year‐old schoolchildren to a remand prison in Amsterdam, where they met a heroin addict. This scheme is run by the Amsterdam police authorities as part of their drug education programme. Concludes that, although the scheme is unusual, it could make a valuable contribution to a health education programme.
Daring to drop D.A.R.E
Authors: Noble Colin
Published: July 2002

Describes how as part of the 1995/6 GEST 19b innovative drugs education programme, Kirklees Education Advisory Service established a comparative project involving two drugs education programmes for Years 5 and 6 in 31 primary schools. The two programmes, D.A.R.E. and Parents as Educators (PAE), were evaluated against each other and against four control schools. The results strongly suggest that in the short term PAE is more effective in achieving key health education objectives than D.A.R.E. Suggests that in the search for appropriate and effective drugs education, more weight should be given to what is already known about the effects of various forms of smoking education and that health and education authorities should consider the role of “direct provision” in supporting the teacher in the classroom.
Researching nursery children’s awareness of the need for sun protection: towards a new methodology
Authors: Collins Margaret , McWhirter Jenny , Wetton Noreen
Published: July 2002

Describes a small study to evaluate the usefulness of a song tape to promote sun protection messages to children in nursery schools and to find a method of researching young children’s views that could be used with small groups of children which would be simple to administer and analyse, and which would provide reliable data. Finds that the song tape was useful in stimulating work about the skin and the sun in nursery schools, although it was not the only cause of increased awareness of sun protection issues among the children as a result of the study. From the several methods considered, “draw and talk”, in which the children drew pictures in response to a suggestion and then talked to the researcher, proved to be the most successful in eliciting children’s levels of awareness of the need for sun protection. Draw and talk is an illuminative approach which provides quantifiable data and which could be used for development of other curriculum materials or for evaluation of existing programmes for the nursery age group.
A pilot study of Not On Tobacco: a stop smoking programme for adolescents
Authors: Dino Geri A. , Horn Kimberly A. , Meit Heather
Published: July 2002

Presents findings from the pilot study of a gender‐sensitive adolescent smoking cessation programme called Not On Tobacco (N‐O‐T). N‐O‐T is a school‐based programme designed to help teenagers stop smoking or reduce cigarette use among those who are unable to quit completely. A total of 29 adolescents from three high schools in West Virginia participated (19 females and 10 males ranging between 14 and 18 years old). Smoking abstinence was measured using self‐report and was verified by exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) readings. At three months post baseline, total abstinence for programme participants was 22 per cent and reduction rates ranged from 30 per cent to 96 per cent. At four months post‐baseline, 44 per cent of the boys and 14 per cent of the girls reported being smoke free. Findings from this pilot study suggest that N‐O‐T warrants further investigation and redesign with emphasis on more highly prescribed, gender‐sensitive intervention strategies. Consequently, a completely new programme has been developed and is currently being evaluated.
Homophobic bullying in secondary schools in England and Wales ‐ teachers’ experiences
Authors: Douglas Nicola , Warwick Ian , Whitty Geoff , Aggleton Peter , Kemp Sophie
Published: July 2002

This paper describes findings from recent research in the UK on one particular type of bullying, that linked to sexuality and the assumed sexual orientation of the victim ‐ namely homophobic bullying. A survey involving 307 secondary schools throughout England and Wales showed that awareness of general bullying among school staff was almost universal. Most respondents also knew of homophobic verbal bullying, and over one in four were aware of homophobic physical bullying. Existing school policies on bullying and confidentiality rarely referred to lesbian and gay issues. Respondents identified barriers to tackling homophobic bullying, but most thought schools were appropriately placed to provide information on lesbian and gay issues. Study recommendations include: modernising national policy, supporting local teachers and policy‐making in schools through training, new initiatives in citizenship education, and encouraging schools to build collaborative relationships with other local community agencies.
Young men’s perceptions of emotional health: research to practice
Authors: Ritchie Deborah
Published: July 2002

Reports an exploratory study which examined the meanings attributed by young men aged between 17 and 35 years of age to emotional health, the precipitants of life crisis, and the barriers to support. The study was qualitative and used vignettes and focus groups. The analysis indicates that the male conformity to the notion of masculinity inhibits and constrains choices available in a crisis. The stereotypical view of masculinity expressed in the study indicates why there is a fear of self‐ disclosure and an adherence to the male norm that emotional expression in men is taboo. The study has influenced the practice of mental health promotion. The paper demonstrates the process of translating research into practice in the form of a mass media campaign, which aimed to raise awareness and legitimise emotional health among young men. Describes the results of a tracking study of 200 face‐to‐face interviews of young people aged 16‐24, both before and after the campaign. At the post‐campaign stage, more young adults agreed strongly that stress was an issue, there was more willingness to talk through worries, and most young people used friends for help.
Branding: could it hold the key to future tobacco reduction policy?
Authors: Eadie Douglas , Hastings Gerard , Stead Martine , MacKintosh Anne Marie
Published: July 2002

The debate surrounding tobacco control has become increasingly polarised as the health and tobacco lobbies seek to influence tobacco policy. In recent times the main focus for debate has been the impact of tobacco advertising on under‐age smoking. However, with the proposed ban on tobacco advertising, this paper argues that branding may prove pivotal to re‐orienting thinking about how tobacco marketing continues to influence smoking initiation. Marketing theory asserts that creating demand for a product is dependent upon building a strong brand identity that concurs with the needs, values and lifestyles of the consumer. It is hypothesised that branding can function by affecting not only the way people perceive specific tobacco products but also their perceptions of smoking behaviour itself. Using branding to extend the debate in this way provides some useful insights into the role tobacco marketing might play in encouraging young people to start smoking. It is concluded that explanations for smoking initiation can be found, not by attempting to isolate the abilities of tobacco marketing and health policy to persuade young people to adopt one behaviour in favour of the other, but by examining how exposure to competing forces such as these during adolescence may conspire to brand smoking in a way that encourages young people to experiment with cigarettes. It is suggested that more significant advances in reducing smoking rates are likely to depend upon a willingness to confront the fundamental contradictions that are created by such competing forces.
What do 16‐year‐old girls know about osteoporosis?
Authors: Davis Chris
Published: July 2002

Evidence suggests that younger women are suffering with what used to be seen as an older woman’s disease. Osteoporosis or “brittle bone disease” is fast becoming a public health matter. To prevent this crippling disease, it has been suggested that it would be beneficial to increase awareness of it through health promotion, specifically that aimed at teenage girls. This study, therefore, investigated what 16‐year‐old girls knew about osteoporosis and related issues. A structured, multiple choice questionnaire was disseminated to five schools within the Borough of Wolverhampton. The questionnaire consisted of 24 questions covering areas relating to general knowledge of osteoporosis, physiology, diet (calcium and vitamin D) and exercise. Two hundred questionnaires were distributed and 119 completed questionnaires were returned. The mean score out of 24 was 9.83; with a standard deviation of 3.39. The results show that knowledge of osteoporosis among teenage girls is poor. Concludes that it is necessary to raise awareness of the issues surrounding osteoporosis, especially in relation to diet and exercise, in this age group.
The health of children and young people: a new agenda
Authors: Moore Henrietta L.
Published: July 2002

This paper summarises and updates the report of one of the seven Expert Working Groups established by the UK’s Health Education Authority (HEA) in October 1996 to look at the potential for health promotion with key populations – in this case that of children and young people. It seeks to establish a revitalised agenda for research into the health and wellbeing of children and young people in the UK. The article describes how contemporary sociological understandings of children and childhood have implications not only for the way in which health and health promotion strategies are conceived, designed and implemented, but for our understanding of what health and health promotion initiatives should constitute. The article calls for more research into children’s and young people’s understandings of health, and the linguistic idioms in which those understandings are expressed, as well as into the social networks and social action spaces in which children and young people operate. It argues for better integration of research and policies concerning the health of children and young people, to include institutions, agencies and organisations that have an impact on the health of children and young people.
The Robert Walters salary survey
Authors: Bailey Vincent
Published: July 2002

Examines the severe shortage of skilled professionals and looks at how business is suffering regarding global risk management remuneration. Looks at how until very recently, risk management has been widely regarded not as a specific resource requirement, but as a mere “add‐on” service to product control departments in financial institutions. Closes by saying that over the last year there has been a marked increase in the number of institutions seeking to recruit for their own risk management groups.
The Basle Accord: rethinking credit risk
Authors: Vipond Peter
Published: July 2002

Discusses the 1988 Basle Accord and the effect it had on banks internationally plus the more recent amendments dealing with various matters and the 1999 proposals that promise change. Posits that the 1999 proposals envisage three pillars with definite aims, these are examined in depth. Concludes that the Basle approach has real merits with credit being pushed to the limit by firms’ involvement in this system.
Researching risk issues in the 21st century
Authors: Anderson Richard
Published: July 2002

Documents a joint venture between PricewaterhouseCoopers and the London School of Economics with regard to changes facing risk management. Chronicles that risk management is in its infancy, but that there are things that can be counted, measured and put away with banks and insurance companies to the fore of that. Maintains that some forms of vision/strategy is needed and a knowledge of what is wanted from risk management. Sums up that risk management needs to provide a sharper focus on the business – through which to view the business.
Group risk and ALM: the job market overview
Authors: Richards Mike
Published: July 2002

Reports on recent unsettled years in the group risk market and the steady period of recruitment in investment and retail banks. Suggests that the best ways to retain staff are: creation of better defined career paths; increased challenges and responsibilities given candidates; and increased rewards within roles. Summarizes that though salaries continue to rise and competition for highest qualified candidates are high, progressive challenges and consistent management are among key ways to retain treasury staff.
Making software decisions: a case study
Authors: Keegan Jane
Published: July 2002

Outlines how Landesbank Baden‐Württemberg (LBBW) chose its new risk management software and the criteria required by the provider. Describes how three banks merged in January 1999 to become LBBW and how it is now one of Germany’s largest and most prestigious banking groups. Investigates the bank’s selection processes for its risk management solution, using consultants to assist in its search, and how it came to select Midas‐Kapiti as its provider.
Option valuation: key issues in option pricing
Authors: Hewett Thomas , Igolnikov Roman
Published: July 2002

In this paper we attempt to address, in a non‐technical way, the basic assumptions underlying option pricing theory and point out some of the inherent weaknesses they imply in the reliability of the resulting valuations. We present several concrete examples to illustrate the impact of the modeling assumptions and selecting input parameters for the models. We point out the importance for anybody involved in derivatives business to be aware of such issues and encourage them to obtain at least a superficial understanding of the quantitative aspects of option pricing.
Valuing non‐maturity deposits: two alternative approaches
Authors: Wolff Alex
Published: July 2002

In this article the author discusses two alternative approaches to the valuing of non‐maturity deposits. He examines both the replication of cash flows and behavioural modelling and analyses the various other factors which should be taken into account.
Harmonising world reporting: global financial reporting standards come closer
Authors: Damant David
Published: July 2002

The author describes the processes which have led to the creation of an accepted set of international financial reporting standards. He looks at the background and the history behind this development and assesses the likely changes in the future which will stem from the decision.
Get that job – an introduction
Authors: Jean Hill Susan
Published: July 2002

Serves as an introduction to a regular future series of articles.
Outlines the changes in the job market and the current situation, and
sets the scene for librarians who are job hunting or looking for a
career change. Gives advice on strategies for career and personal
development. There is an exercise which will be taken further in
subsequent issues.
Mentoring post publication: permission to call it by name
Authors: Fisher Biddy
Published: July 2002

Describes the experiences of an author following the publication of the first book on the subject of mentoring for librarians and information professionals. Some examples of presentations are given with an analysis of some particular issues which arose in each case. The whole experience of writing and subsequent dissemination was one of significant career development for the author, a point made more symbiotic by the subject of the book, mentoring.
From tradition to renewal
Authors: Seela Torsten , Bruch Regina
Published: July 2002

Argues that the training of librarians in GDR times gives a strange picture and is difficult to understand. On the one hand it can be seen and understood as a continuation of the traditional German library training before 1933, which was closely linked to practical library work. On the other hand, there was the ideological and political influence by the communist dictators who had made various efforts to restructure and reorganize the system of professional training at that time. With the slow demise of the GDR economy, which had been noticeable since the beginning of the 1980s, general conditions of library training worsened. The fall of the GDR was therefore a release and traditional library training could be rescued. Argues that since 1990 a swift development has been going on and we can now see a similar training of librarians as in the western part of Germany. At the moment we focus our work on an internationalization of studies including joint degree courses and exchange programmes. To provide the students with a broader European feeling and work experience is a necessary challenge nowadays and helps to meet the changing requirements in information management worldwide.
Secretarial and clerical staff career progression Some organizational perspectives
Authors: Pilgrim Jack
Published: July 2002

Describes experience at the University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK with regard to the training, development, career and pay structures of secretarial and clerical staff. Discusses action research which was based on an extensive survey of this group of workers’ needs and concerns. Among them were library employees. Analyses the results of the exercise and lists the ways in which secretarial and clerical staff can be assisted in developing their jobs and careers in partnership with both the institutional employer and local line management.
The impact of Scottish/National Vocational Qualifications on the ILS and Records Management sectors (INSIST)
Authors: Gannon‐Leary Pat
Published: July 2002

Details the first stage of a project which looked at the impact of S/NVQs on the ILS and records management sectors. A literature review identified five areas in which the impact of S/NVQs was claimed to be discernible. These were: employers; staff; customers; service; and the profession. Within these, certain subsets exist. For example, with regard to the impact on employers, there are effects on the use of resources; planning implications; relations with quality; and the HRM dimension. The areas identified will form the basis for further, in‐depth discussions with those involved in ILS NVQs to test the validity of the claims that these areas are where the impact of S/NVQs are perceivable.
Demographic and background information analysis of trainee librarians in Nigeria
Authors: Bello M.A.
Published: July 2002

This paper presents the results of an investigation into the demographic and background information of trainee librarians in two Nigerian universities. The survey was conducted through questionnaire. Contrary to what is obtained in advanced countries data analysis revealed that male trainees dominate the profession. The trainees composed of more young adults with a median age of 28 years. Over 90 percent of them had first degrees mostly in education and humanities. 50 percent of the trainees were already in employment and on scholarship.
The Visible Impact of Quality
Authors: Mennell Jane
Published: July 2002

Describes a very simple quality project to improve access to information
which is important to the company. Despite the simplicity of the
project, it affected all staff and therefore had considerable impact,
promoting the perception of quality as a fundamental part of all aspects
of company life at any level. The project was undertaken three years
into the quality programme and assisted greatly in renewing interest at
a time when indifference might have set in. It encouraged a
re‐examination of other aspects of long accepted practice and as such
was a marketing achievement for the ongoing quality improvement
programme.
Keys to successful TQM training and implementation
Authors: Anjard Ronald P.
Published: July 2002

Questions whether total quality management is another fad or is
fundamental to success. Shows it is not a panacea for the
“ills” of a business and does not provide the “magic
pill” that will turn an ailing company into a market leader.
Maintains that without free flow of information, co‐operation and
co‐ordination effort, many obstacles will be encountered.