bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrathin Quantum Dot Display Integrated with Wearable Electronics
Authors: Kim Jaemin , Shim Hyung Joon , Yang Jiwoong , Choi Moon Kee , Kim Dong Chan , Kim Junhee , Hyeon Taeghwan , Kim Dae‐Hyeong
Published: August 2017

An ultrathin skin‐attachable display is a critical component for an information output port in next‐generation wearable electronics. In this regard, quantum dot (QD) light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) offer unique and attractive characteristics for future displays, including high color purity with narrow bandwidths, high electroluminescence (EL) brightness at low operating voltages, and easy processability. Here, ultrathin QLED displays that utilize a passive matrix to address individual pixels are reported. The ultrathin thickness (≈5.5 µm) of the QLED display enables its conformal contact with the wearer's skin and prevents its failure under vigorous mechanical deformation. QDs with relatively thick shells are employed to improve EL characteristics (brightness up to 44 719 cd m−2 at 9 V, which is the record highest among wearable LEDs reported to date) by suppressing the nonradiative recombination. Various patterns, including letters, numbers, and symbols can be successfully visualized on the skin‐mounted QLED display. Furthermore, the combination of the ultrathin QLED display with flexible driving circuits and wearable sensors results in a fully integrated QLED display that can directly show sensor data.
A Tumor‐Specific Cascade Amplification Drug Release Nanoparticle for Overcoming Multidrug Resistance in Cancers
Authors: Ye Mingzhou , Han Yuxin , Tang Jianbin , Piao Ying , Liu Xiangrui , Zhou Zhuxian , Gao Jianqing , Rao Jianghong , Shen Youqing
Published: August 2017

A cascade amplification release nanoparticle (CARN) is constructed by the coencapsulation of β‐lapachone and a reactive‐oxygen‐species (ROS)‐responsive doxorubicin (DOX) prodrug, BDOX, in polymeric nanoparticles. Releasing β‐lapachone first from the CARNs selectively increases the ROS level in cancer cells via NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase‐1 (NQO1) catalysis, which induces the cascade amplification release of DOX and overcomes multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells, producing a remarkably improved therapeutic efficacy against MDR tumors with minimal side effects.
Extraordinary Thermoelectric Performance Realized in n‐Type PbTe through Multiphase Nanostructure Engineering
Authors: Zhang Jian , Wu Di , He Dongsheng , Feng Dan , Yin Meijie , Qin Xiaoying , He Jiaqing
Published: August 2017

Lead telluride has long been realized as an ideal p‐type thermoelectric material at an intermediate temperature range; however, its commercial applications are largely restricted by its n‐type counterpart that exhibits relatively inferior thermoelectric performance. This major limitation is largely solved here, where it is reported that a record‐high ZT value of ≈1.83 can be achieved at 773 K in n‐type PbTe‐4%InSb composites. This significant enhancement in thermoelectric performance is attributed to the incorporation of InSb into the PbTe matrix resulting in multiphase nanostructures that can simultaneously modulate the electrical and thermal transport. On one hand, the multiphase energy barriers between nanophases and matrix can boost the power factor in the entire temperature range via significant enhancement of the Seebeck coefficient and moderately reducing the carrier mobility. On the other hand, the strengthened interface scattering at the intensive phase boundaries yields an extremely low lattice thermal conductivity. This strategy of constructing multiphase nanostructures can also be highly applicable in enhancing the performance of other state‐of‐the‐art thermoelectric systems.
3D Porous Nickel Anode for Low Temperature Thin Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Ebrahim Rabi , Yeleuov Mukhtar , Ignatiev Alex
Published: August 2017

A simple fabrication process for a 3D porous nickel anode for a thin film solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is developed. The 3D porous nickel anode is fabricated using a metal/proppant mixing method followed by pressing and heat treatment. The anode bulk possesses a high porosity which is required for efficient delivery of fuel to the cell. Following fabrication, the anode's surface is processed by means of mechanical, chemical, and ion etching to minimize surface roughness and reduce the surface pore size allowing for the deposition of a high quality, pore‐free, thin electrolyte. Yttria‐stabilized zirconia is used for the thin film electrolyte layer followed by deposition of a thin film La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−d cathode layer to complete the thin film SOFC. The fabricated cell performs with a very stable output power of 130 mW cm−2 at temperatures of the order of 450 °C. This anode is not only easy to shape, weld, and recycle but is also very economic.
Enhanced Stability and Performance in Perovskite Nanocrystal Light‐Emitting Devices Using a ZnMgO Interfacial Layer
Authors: Wu Hua , Zhang Yu , Zhang Xiaoyu , Lu Min , Sun Chun , Zhang Tieqiang , Yu William W.
Published: August 2017

Perovskite has been considered to be a promising optoelectronic material due to its superior properties, yet, it are strongly sensitive to oxygen and water, especially when applied in devices. Here, a highly efficient and stable light‐emitting device (LED) is reported by applying solution‐processed Mg‐doped ZnO (MZO) nanocrystals (NCs) as an interfacial layer. The effect of Mg doping on the optical and electronic properties of NCs is investigated. This study demonstrates that the air stability of perovskite NC film is significantly enhanced because of the decreased oxygen vacancy surface sites of MZO NCs. Incorporation of a MZO layer with favorable electronic energy level to form a suitable band alignment promotes electron injection and enhances the LED performance. Compared to the device without MZO, the LED shows 3059 cd m−2 of luminance, with 1.9 times enhanced current efficiency and 2 times increased external quantum efficiency. In addition, the device with MZO also exhibits better stability. This research provides a potential strategy for realizing stable and efficient perovskite LEDs.
Enhancing the Magnetic Resonance via Strong Coupling in Optical Metamaterials
Authors: Zhang Chen , Fang Jimao , Yang Wenhong , Song Qinghai , Xiao Shumin
Published: August 2017

Due to the lack of symmetry between electric and magnetic charges, the magnetic effect in optical materials is usually very weak. Recently, Fano type magnetic resonances have been proposed and experimentally realized by packaging the metallic nanoparticles into metamolecules. However, the corresponding experiments are hard to be realized and the enhancements of magnetic fields are relatively low. Here, a simple way is demonstrated experimentally to generate magnetic plasmon polaritons (MPPs) in optical metamaterials. By changing the period of the nanostructures, strong coupling between the magnetic resonance and the propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) with a Rabi‐splitting around 190 meV has also been observed. Interestingly, the hybrid modes around the avoided resonance crossing points are found to be mixtures of MPPs and SPPs. Consequently, the typical long‐lived SPPs are also well localized within the dielectric spacer layer and give an enhancement in magnetic field around 500 times. In addition, the dependence of MPPs has also been observed on the refractive index with a sensitivity around 470 nm RIU−1, which is very close to the typical reports of electric resonances in plasmonic nanostructures. This research shall pave a new way to the developments of magnetic light sources and magnetic sensing.
Radioanatomic study of the skull base and septum in Asians: implications for using the nasoseptal flap for anterior skull‐base reconstruction
Authors: Park Sung Joon , Kim Hyun‐Jik , Kim Dong‐Young , Rhee Chae‐Seo , Lee Chul Hee , Paek Sun Ha , Won Tae‐Bin
Published: August 2017

Background

The objective of this work was to assess the feasibility of using the nasoseptal flap (NSF) for covering the anterior skull‐base defect in Asians, and to compare the results in whites.

Methods

A retrospective radioanatomic analysis was conducted in 100 Korean adult patients. Septal and skull‐base dimensions were measured and the feasibility of the NSF in reconstructing a full anterior skull‐base defect was evaluated. Scans of 49 white patients were analyzed for a comparative study.

Results

Among various septal dimensions, the length of the septum was significantly different in Koreans when compared to whites. Skull‐base dimensions such as anterior skull‐base length and width at the level of the anterior ethmoidal artery were different between the 2 ethnic groups. Individual differences between the anterior width of the hypothetical NSF and the anterior margin of the skull‐base defect (2.8 ± 3.1 vs 6.4 ± 4.8) and the difference between the hypothetical NSF length and the length of the flap needed for full coverage of the defect were significantly smaller in Korean patients (7.2 ± 3.8 vs 13.1 ± 5.6), leading to a statistically higher chance of flap insufficiency. The insufficiency was more often found in female patients.

Conclusion

The risk of NSF insufficiency for covering the anterior skull‐base defect in Koreans is higher relative to whites, and is accentuated in female patients. Efforts to increase the size of the NSF as well as efforts to avoid intraoperative shrinkage of the NSF should be considered to compensate for the relatively small NSF in Asians.
Sono‐RAFT Polymerization in Aqueous Medium
Authors: McKenzie Thomas G. , Colombo Enrico , Fu Qiang , Ashokkumar Muthupandian , Qiao Greg G.
Published: August 2017

The ultrasonic irradiation of aqueous solution is demonstrated to be a suitable source of initiating radicals for a controlled radical polymerization when conducted in the presence of a thiocarbonylthio‐containing reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agent. This allows for a highly “green” method of externally regulated/controlled polymerization with a potentially broad scope for polymerizable monomers and/or polymer structures.
Generation and selection of naïve Fab library for parasitic antigen: Anti‐BmSXP antibodies for lymphatic filariasis
Authors: Omar Noorsharmimi , Hamidon Nurul Hamizah , Yunus Muhammad Hafiznur , Noordin Rahmah , Choong Yee Siew , Lim Theam Soon
Published: August 2017

Phage display has been applied successfully as a tool for the generation of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Naive antibody libraries are unique as they are able to overcome several limitations associated with conventional mAb generation methods like the hybridoma technology. Here, we performed an in vitro selection and generation of Fab antibodies against Brugia malayi SXP protein (BmSXP), a recombinant antigen for the detection of lymphatic filariasis. We developed a naïve multi ethnic Fab antibody library with an estimated diversity of 2.99 × 109. The antibody library was used to screen for mAbs against BmSXP recombinant antigen. Soluble monoclonal Fab antibodies against BmSXP were successfully isolated from the naïve library. The Fab antibodies obtained were expressed and analyzed to show its binding capability. The diversity obtained from a pool of donors from various ethnic groups allowed for a diverse antibody library to be generated. The mAbs obtained were also functional in soluble form, which makes it useful for further downstream applications. We believe that the Fab mAbs are valuable for further studies and could also contribute to improvements in the diagnosis of filariasis.
In Situ Biocatalytic Synthesis of Butyl Butyrate in Diesel and Engine Evaluations
Authors: Sjöblom Magnus , Risberg Per , Filippova Alfia , Öhrman Olov G. W. , Rova Ulrika , Christakopoulos Paul
Published: August 2017

Blending petroleum fuels with biofuels is likely to become increasingly important over the years to come. Butyl butyrate has promising characteristics as a blend component in diesel and can be synthesized by lipase‐catalyzed esterification of 1‐butanol and butyric acid, which both can be derived from fermentation technologies. In the current study, the enzyme load and reaction temperature were optimized for the production of butyl butyrate with Novozyme 435 (immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B) directly in diesel at a substrate concentration of 1 m using a molar ratio of 1:1 between n‐butanol and butyric acid. Optimum conditions were found by using a central composite design at an enzyme load of 12 % of substrate weight and a temperature of 57 °C, giving 90 % yield conversion in 30 min, corresponding to a butyl butyrate productivity of 1.8 mol L−1 h−1. Diesel blended with 5, 10, and 30 % butyl butyrate was tested in a heavy‐duty diesel engine under two load cases. The ignition properties of the blended fuels were very similar to pure diesel, making butyl butyrate an interesting diesel substitute. The emission analysis demonstrated lower soot and CO emissions, similar hydrocarbons levels and slightly increased NOx levels compared with using pure diesel. The high activity of lipase in diesel and the compatibility between diesel and butyl butyrate opens up the possibility to develop fuel blending systems where the synthesis of the blend‐in component occurs directly in the fuel.
Interwoven NiCo2O4 Nanosheet/Carbon Nanotube Composites as Highly Efficient Lithium−Sulfur Cathode Hosts
Authors: Xiao Dengji , Zhang Huifang , Chen Chenmeng , Liu Yaodong , Yuan Shuxia , Lu Chunxiang
Published: August 2017

Lithium−sulfur (Li−S) batteries are one of the most promising candidates for the next generation of rechargeable battery systems, because of their high energy density and cost effectiveness. But, their commercialized applications are hindered by fast capacity fading and poor cycling stability. In this work, sulfur hosts based on interwoven NiCo2O4 nanosheet/carbon nanotube composites are designed and synthesized by using a solvothermal reaction and subsequent annealing. In this unique material architecture, the carbon nanotubes construct a porous conductive network across the NiCo2O4 nanosheets to provide fast electron paths. In addition, the NiCo2O4 nanosheets can chemically bind polysulfides to restrain their diffusion into electrolyte. As a result, the Li−S batteries based on this sulfur host exhibit high specific capacity, excellent cycling stability, and good rate capability. Reversible specific capacities of 1311 and 575 mA h g−1 are achieved at rates of 0.1 and 2 C, respectively, together with an excellent cycling stability of 0.038 % capacity decay per cycle over 1200 cycles at 0.5 C.
Formation of Dandelion‐Like Co3O4/CoWO4 Heterojunctions for Enhanced Supercapacitive Performance
Authors: Ding Kun , Zhang Xiao , Li Juping , Yang Ping , Cheng Xin
Published: August 2017

The dandelion‐like Co3O4/CoWO4 heterostructure was fabricated for the first time through a two‐step hydrothermal method involving the preparation of urchin‐like Co(CO3)0.5(OH) ⋅ 0.11H2O at low temperature, as well as its decomposition and an in situ growth of CoWO4 nanoparticles at relatively high temperature. It is noted that the introduction of Na2WO4 ⋅ 2H2O can maintain the morphology stability of precursor and promote the growth of CoWO4 species, whilst the precursor can be decomposed into the Co3O4 phase at higher hydrothermal temperature. The effects of Na2WO4 ⋅ 2H2O on the morphology and electrochemical properties of Co3O4 material were discussed. The electrochemical results showed that the Co3O4/CoWO4 hybrid electrode exhibited enhanced specific capacitance, which was 3.4 times larger than that of the pure Co3O4 electrode. The enhanced electrochemical properties were ascribed to the reasonable combination of these two types of electrochemically active materials and its unique architectural feature.
CuII‐Mediated Ultra‐efficient Electrooxidation of Glucose
Authors: Zheng Weiran , Li Yong , Tsang Chui‐Shan , Hu Liangsheng , Liu Mengjie , Huang Bolong , Lee Lawrence Yoon Suk , Wong Kwok‐Yin
Published: August 2017

Electrooxidation of glucose represents an economic conversion of biomass and has gained global interest for applications in fuel cells and sensors. Herein, we report a new, simple, and highly efficient method of glucose electrooxidation without involving any sophisticated electrode modification with biocatalysts or nanostructures. Micromolar‐level Cu ions are added to coordinate with glucose in alkaline electrolyte. The coordinated glucose is oxidized by electrochemically generated CuIII with excellent conversion efficiency (TOF=18.7 s−1) and ultra‐high sensitivity (1,814 mA M−1 cm−2) under mild conditions. Both experimental and theoretical investigations show that the CuII‐glucose plays a critical role in such high efficiency, which significantly reduces the oxidation potential and avoids catalyst poisoning. Our electrocatalytic system delivers remarkable atomic efficiency with high stability, thus offering great potential for applications in fuel cell and sensor design at low cost.
Gaps contribute tree diversity to a tropical floodplain forest
Authors: Terborgh John , Huanca Nuñez Nohemi , Alvarez Loayza Patricia , Cornejo Valverde Fernando
Published: August 2017

Treefall gaps have long been a central feature of discussions about the maintenance of tree diversity in both temperate and tropical forests. Gaps expose parts of the forest floor to direct sunlight and create a distinctive microenvironment that can favor the recruitment into the community of so‐called gap pioneers. This traditional view enjoys strong empirical support, yet has been cast into doubt by a much‐cited article claiming that gaps are inherently “neutral” in their contribution to forest dynamics. We present concurrent data on seedfall and sapling recruitment into gaps vs. under a vertically structured canopy in an Amazonian floodplain forest in Peru. Our results strongly uphold the view of gaps as important generators of tree diversity. Our methods differed significantly from those employed by the neutralist group and can explain the contrasting outcomes. We found that seedfall into gaps differs both quantitatively and qualitatively from that falling under a multi‐tiered canopy, being greatly enriched in wind‐dispersed and autochorus species and sharply deficient in all types of zoochorous seeds. Despite a reduced input of zoochorous seeds, zoochorous species made up 79% of saplings recruiting into gaps, whereas wind‐dispersed species made up only 1%. Cohorts of saplings recruiting into gaps are less diverse than those recruiting under a closed canopy (Fisher's alpha = 40 vs. 100) and compositionally distinct, containing many light‐demanding species that rarely, if ever, recruit under shaded conditions. Saplings recruiting into gaps appear to represent a variable mix of shade‐tolerant survivors of the initiating treefall and sun‐demanding species that germinate subsequently.
LCE: leaf carbon exchange data set for tropical, temperate, and boreal species of North and Central America
Authors: Smith Nicholas G. , Dukes Jeffrey S.
Published: August 2017

Leaf canopy carbon exchange processes, such as photosynthesis and respiration, are substantial components of the global carbon cycle. Climate models base their simulations of photosynthesis and respiration on an empirical understanding of the underlying biochemical processes, and the responses of those processes to environmental drivers. As such, data spanning large spatial scales are needed to evaluate and parameterize these models. Here, we present data on four important biochemical parameters defining leaf carbon exchange processes from 626 individuals of 98 species at 12 North and Central American sites spanning ~53° of latitude. The four parameters are the maximum rate of Rubisco carboxylation (Vcmax), the maximum rate of electron transport for the regeneration of Ribulose‐1,5,‐bisphosphate (Jmax), the maximum rate of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase carboxylation (Vpmax), and leaf dark respiration (Rd). The raw net photosynthesis by intercellular CO2 (A/Ci) data used to calculate Vcmax, Jmax, and Vpmax rates are also presented. Data were gathered on the same leaf of each individual (one leaf per individual), allowing for the examination of each parameter relative to others. Additionally, the data set contains a number of covariates for the plants measured. Covariate data include (1) leaf‐level traits (leaf mass, leaf area, leaf nitrogen and carbon content, predawn leaf water potential), (2) plant‐level traits (plant height for herbaceous individuals and diameter at breast height for trees), (3) soil moisture at the time of measurement, (4) air temperature from nearby weather stations for the day of measurement and each of the 90 d prior to measurement, and (5) climate data (growing season mean temperature, precipitation, photosynthetically active radiation, vapor pressure deficit, and aridity index). We hope that the data will be useful for obtaining greater understanding of the abiotic and biotic determinants of these important biochemical parameters and for evaluating and improving large‐scale models of leaf carbon exchange.
Synthesis and Conformational Behaviour of Enantiomeric Naphthoxazinoquinoxalinone Derivatives
Authors: Szatmári István , Barta Petra , Tóth Gábor , Balázs Attila , Halász Judit , Fülöp Ferenc
Published: August 2017

New non‐racemic naphth[1,3]oxazino[3,2‐a]quinoxalinones have been synthesized starting from an enantiomeric hexahydroquinoxalinone and 1‐aminoalkyl‐2‐naphthols or 2‐aminoalkyl‐1‐naphthols. The enantiopure annelational analogues naphth[1,3]oxazino[3,4‐a]quinoxalinone derivatives were also synthesized from the reactions of naphthols and the non‐racemic quinoxalinone followed by a ring‐closing reaction with formaldehyde. In addition to the study of the conformational behaviour of the new heteropolycycles, the diastereoselectivity and formation of the possible diastereomers were examined by NMR analysis. Theoretical calculations were performed to confirm the experimental results.
Claustrum hyperintensities: A potential clue to autoimmune epilepsy
Authors: Steriade Claude , Tang‐Wai David F. , Krings Timo , Wennberg Richard
Published: August 2017

In a cohort of 34 patients with autoimmune limbic encephalitis and/or epilepsy, we identified 4 patients exhibiting claustrum fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintensities. All 4 patients presented with explosive onset of seizures and developed medically intractable epilepsy, and 2 exhibited a marked response to immunotherapy. Associated features included cognitive and behavioral disturbances (4/4), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lymphocytic pleocytosis (3/4), and a neural autoantibody (2/4). Electroencephalogram (EEG) features consisted of slow wave activity and epileptiform discharges in frontal and parasagittal regions, where ictal patterns were captured in 1 patient. In 1 patient, magnetoencephalographic source imaging of interictal spikes revealed dipole sources in anterior insular or subinsular localizations, mirroring claustrum FLAIR hyperintensities, which developed after a short lag from presentation and resolved in all but 1 patient. These MRI abnormalities were isolated (2/4) or associated with mesial temporal hyperintensities (2/4). Claustrum FLAIR hyperintensities may be a useful MRI marker of autoimmune epilepsy.
Performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine with Diesel Premixed Compression Ignition and exhaust gas recirculation
Authors: Bhaskar K. , Sendilvelan S.
Published: August 2017

In the present work, diesel was used as a premixed fuel along with the conventional injection of diesel with a premixed ratio of 0.25. The premixed charge was burned in the cylinder along with the fuel directly injected into the cylinder by a conventional injection system. To control nitrogen oxide(s) (NOx) emissions, Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) was adopted and the exhaust gas was varied from 10% to 30% in steps of 10%. The performance and emission characteristics were compared with conventional 100% diesel injection in the main chamber. Based on the experiments conducted on a Compression Ignition Direct Injection (CIDI) engine, it was found that unburnt hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and soot emissions increase. Soot emission decreases with up to 20% EGR and increases when EGR was increased beyond 20%. Hence 20% EGR was found to be the optimum use for DPMCI mode with a premixed ratio of 0.25. Due to the lean operation, significant reduction in NOx was achieved with the DPMCI combustion mode. Brake thermal efficiency was marginally decreased compared to CIDI mode.
Use of bulldog vascular clamps to reduce intraoperative bleeding during cesarean hysterectomy for placenta percreta
Authors: Dursun Polat
Published: August 2017

Bulldog vascular clamps were used to reduce the severity of bleeding among three patients undergoing cesarean hysterectomy for placenta percreta.
Non‐invasive monitoring of the cardiac effects of continuous intravenous oxytocin infusion during cesarean delivery
Authors: Tanaka Hiroaki , Tanaka Kayo , Tsuji Makoto , Magawa Shoichi , Hatano Fumi , Nii Masafumi , Ikeda Tomoaki
Published: August 2017

Continuous intravenous oxytocin infusion during cesarean delivery had no effect on aortic pressure or stroke volume, and little effect on cardiac output and heart rate.
Pregnancy outcomes among patients with prior bladder exstrophy
Authors: Dap Matthieu , Larmure Olivier , Morel Olivier , Lemelle Jean‐Louis
Published: August 2017

Patients with prior bladder exstrophy could achieve pregnancy successfully and without major adverse events.
Retrospective surveys of obstetric red cell transfusion practice in the UK and USA
Authors: Cauldwell Matthew , Shamshirsaz Amir , Wong Thai‐Ying , Cohen Abigail , Vidaeff Alex C. , Hui Shiu‐Ki , Girling Joanna , Belfort Michael A. , Steer Philip J.
Published: August 2017

Objective

To examine whether professional guidance promoting a policy of restrictive blood transfusion is being followed.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of post‐delivery transfusion data from 17 maternity units in the UK (1988–2000) was undertaken. Additionally, an audit was performed of women receiving one or two units of red cells 6–24 hours after delivery at three centers in the UK and USA in 2013–2016.

Results

Between 1988 and 2000, 4700 women received one or two transfusions: 303 (6.4%) received one unit and 4397 (93.6%) received two. Median estimated blood loss (EBL) was similar in both groups (600 mL [IQR 400–1000] vs 700 mL [IQR 400–1000], respectively; P=0.862]. Between 2013 and 2016, 41, 22, and 64 women received one or two units during transfusion at centers A, B, and C, respectively. Two units were transfused for 40 (97.6%) of the women in center A, 21 (95.5%) at center B, and 58 (90.6%) at center C. Median EBL was similar, irrespective of whether one or two units were given.

Conclusion

Current transfusion practice deviates from evidence‐based guidelines. Either by default or longstanding tradition, more women receive two rather than one unit despite similar EBL.
EXPANDING INFANT MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT SERVICES TO AT‐RISK PRESCHOOLERS AND THEIR FAMILIES THROUGH THE INTEGRATION OF RELATIONAL PLAY THERAPY
Authors: Farley Jennifer L. , Whipple Ellen E.
Published: August 2017

The expansion of infant mental health (IMH) to at‐risk preschoolers and their families has contributed to the integration of relational play therapy (RPT) into IMH treatment services for this population. Integrating RPT allows access to specialized play and expressive techniques specific to preschool and family development, which improves the clinical ability to meet the multiple and complex needs of at‐risk parent–child dyads and their families. This article will examine the RPT literature and explore the similarities and differences between IMH and RPT. In addition, two case studies will highlight a five‐phase, integrative clinical‐treatment process and provide insight into how IMH clinicians are integrating RPT models and maintaining adherence to the IMH treatment approach.
Regeneration of the cementum and periodontal ligament using local BDNF delivery in class II furcation defects
Authors: Jimbo Ryo , Singer Jessica , Tovar Nick , Marin Charles , Neiva Rodrigo , Bonfante Estevam A. , Janal Malvin N. , Contamin Hugues , Coelho Paulo G.
Published: August 2017

Periodontal furcation defects are usually addressed by the placement of a physical barrier which may limit the regenerative potential of periodontal wounds. This study morphometrically quantified the regenerative effect of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in furcation defects in a non‐human primate model. Grade II furcation defects (with and without induced inflammation prior to surgery) were created on the first and second molars of eight non‐human primates. Defects were treated with open flap debridement and subsequently filled with either: Group A; BDNF (500 µg mL−1) in high‐molecular weight‐hyaluronic acid (HMW‐HA), Group B; BDNF (50 µg mL−1) in HMW‐HA, Group C; HMW‐HA acid only, Group D; unfilled defect, or Group E; BDNF (500 µg mL−1) in saline. Periodontal wound healing was observed every 2 weeks by computed‐tomography. At 11 weeks all animals were sacrificed and maxillary and mandibular block biopsies were referred for nondecalcified histology. Linear measurements of new cementum (cellular and acellular) and periodontal ligament (PDL) formation were performed. Computerized‐tomography reconstruction and software quantification demonstrated successful bone fill for all groups. However, histometric assessment demonstrated significantly higher level of total periodontal regeneration for the 500 µg mL−1 BDNF HMW‐HA relative to all other groups. No significant differences in cementogenesis were observed among groups. Significantly higher acellular cementum formation was observed for sites where inflammation was not induced prior to surgical procedures. While all groups experienced similar bone fill and cementogenesis, the 500 µg mL−1 BDNF HMW‐HA appeared to most effectively repair PDL (minimum increase of ∼22% relative to all groups; over 200% relative to unfilled defects). © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1611–1617, 2018.
Agronomic effectiveness of rock phosphate combined with nitrogen sources in spot application: A pot experiment
Authors: Valadares Rafael V. , Cantarutti Reinaldo B. , Mattiello Edson M. , Vieira Rogério F.
Published: August 2017

Rock phosphate (RP) shows reduced dissolution in soils amended with limestone and when applied through spot application. A simple way to improve RP efficiency under these unfavorable conditions may be the combination with nitrogen (N) fertilizers which can increase the solubilization of apatite minerals and/or stimulate P uptake. In this context, we evaluated the agronomic effectiveness of a RP from Bayóvar, Peru (BY), combined with different N sources in spot application, in a clayey Oxisol (Typic Hapludox). The pot experiment consisted of a factorial scheme (3 × 2 × 2+4) in randomized block design with four replications. Treatments consisted of BY combined with three N sources (ammonium sulfate–BY+AS; urea–BY+U; potassium nitrate–BY+KN), in two forms (granulated or powdered), and in two N : P molar ratios (0.5 : 1.0 or 1 : 1) and four additional treatments [control: without P; monoammonium phosphate (MAP); powdered BY; granulated BY]. The products were incorporated into a 50 cm3cylindrical soil volume (central and upper position in the pot: diameter 17 cm and height 15 cm) with three maize plants (Zea maysL.). Above‐ground biomass was sampled after 42 d after sowing, analyzed for N and P concentrations to calculate N and P uptake. Soil samples were taken from the cylindrical soil volume and measured for RP dissolution (ΔCa index), P availability (P‐resin index), and soil pH. Application of MAP increased soil P availability about 11 times compared with BY treatments. As a result, maize plants grew 3.8 times and absorbed 7.3 and 3.3 times more P and N compared to those fertilized with BY combined with N fertilizers. Compound fertilizers BY+AS and BY+KN had the same effect on N and P uptake, presenting an effectiveness about 12 and 19% greater than pure BY, respectively. Compound fertilizers with BY+AS were more effective in powdered form (with no N/P ratio effect), while BY+KN was more effective in granulated form and in 1 : 1 N : P ratio. BY+U combinations were less efficient in promoting plant P bioavailability than the other N sources. We conclude that Bayóvar RP has a low agronomic effectiveness for spot application, even when combined with N.
A transect of environmental variability across South Asia and its influence on Late Pleistocene human innovation and occupation
Authors: Roberts Patrick , Blinkhorn James , Petraglia Michael D.
Published: August 2017

Climate change is frequently highlighted as a key driver of biological evolution and cultural innovation in our species. It is often seen as influencing behavioural plasticity and the development of buffering mechanisms, for example in the form of more efficient technology and subsistence strategies. However, such hypotheses are yet to be studied in detail in South Asia, despite improving Late Pleistocene palaeoenvironmental records in this region and its crucial position in human dispersals beyond Africa. Here, we review evidence for technological and behavioural innovation across three regions of South Asia: the Thar Desert (north‐west India), the Jurreru River Valley (south‐east India), and the lowland Wet Zone of Sri Lanka. Together these areas form an ecotone from hyper‐arid desert to humid rainforest that show different dynamics in the Late Pleistocene, and particularly during the Last Glacial Maximum. The archaeological records from each of these areas demonstrate a distinct nature and tempo of cultural change, probably reflecting, to some extent, the influence of climate change on forming heterogeneous local environments. Overall, however, the mosaic environments of South Asia made it an attractive region for the persistence of our species and their gradual uptake of cultural innovations during the Late Pleistocene.
Antioxidant properties and chemical characterization of Spanish Opuntia ficus‐indica Mill. cladodes and fruits
Authors: Andreu Lucía , Nuncio‐Jáuregui Nallely , Carbonell‐Barrachina Ángel A , Legua Pilar , Hernández Francisca
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND

Recent studies have demonstrated that consumption of Opuntia ficus‐indica Mill. has an important positive health benefit, mainly due to antioxidant properties, which justifies this research. This study examined antioxidant activity, organic acid and sugar profile, total phenolic, and physicochemical characteristics of six O. ficus‐indica cultivars growing in the Spanish Mediterranean. It should be noted that, in this study, both cladodes (young and adult) and fruits (peel and pulp) were analyzed.

RESULTS

The antioxidant activity (2,2‐azinobis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl methods) was higher in fruit peel than in cladodes. The young cladodes presented an important antioxidant activity by the ferric‐reducing ability of plasma method as well as a higher total phenolic content (18.90 g gallic acid equivalent per kilogram). High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode‐array detector analysis revealed the absence of sucrose and the presence of glucose and fructose, which the values were higher in pulp fruits. HPLC with refractive index detector analysis showed that citric, malic, and succinic acids were the main organic acids in all cultivars, with a significant higher content in old cladodes.

CONCLUSION

These investigations valorize O. ficus‐indica fruits in comparison with cladodes. In general, this plant can be considered as an ingredient for the production of health‐promoting food, highlighting mainly in the antioxidant activity and total polyphenols content found in young cladodes and peel fruits. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Thermochemistry and Kinetics of the Thermal Decomposition of 1‐Chlorohexane
Authors: Quiñonez Elizabeth Gaona , Tucceri María Eugenia
Published: August 2017

A theoretical kinetic study of the thermal decomposition of 1‐chlorohexane in gas phase between 600 and 1000 K was performed. Transition‐state theory and unimolecular reaction rate theory were combined with molecular information provided by quantum chemical calculations. Particularly, the B3LYP, BMK, M05–2X, and M06–2X formulations of the density functional theory (DFT) and the high‐level ab initio methods G3B3 and G4 were employed. The possible reaction channels for the thermal decomposition of 1‐chlorohexane were investigated, and the reaction takes place through the elimination of HCl with the formation of 1‐hexene. The derived high‐pressure limit rate coefficients are k∞(600–1000 K) = (8 ± 5) × 1013 exp[‐((56.7 ± 0.4) kcal mol−1/RT)] s−1. The pressure effect over the reaction was analyzed from the calculation of the low‐pressure limit rate coefficients and the falloff curves. In addition, the standard enthalpies of formation at 298 K of −46.9 ± 1.5 kcal mol−1 for 1‐chlorohexane and 5.8 ± 1.5 kcal mol−1 for C6H13 radical were derived from isodesmic and isogiric reactions at high levels of theory.
Acrylated Alkyds Synthesized via Quasi‐Living Radical Polymerization: ATRP and RAFT
Authors: Nalawade Priyanka P. , Soucek Mark D.
Published: August 2017

A new method for the synthesis of autoxidatively curable acrylated alkyds is demonstrated. Acrylic block is grafted onto the backbone of the alkyd chain via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) polymerization. The acrylated ATRP copolymers are compared to RAFT copolymer and both are characterized using quantitative 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and 2D‐NMR spectroscopy. In particular, the autoxidative curing of ATRP polymerized acrylated alkyd is compared to the RAFT polymerized acrylated alkyds using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy. The analysis finds that the autoxidation of the RAFT acrylated alkyds is inhibited. It is postulated that the thiocarbonyl functionality hinders the autoxidative reactions. The performance of autoxidatively cured ATRP polymerized acrylated alkyd coatings is evaluated using tensile, viscoelastic, and general coating properties. Alkyd‐acrylic copolymer coatings show improved hardness, glass transition temperature, and drying time. General coating properties such as cross‐hatch adhesion, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) resistance, and impact resistance are maintained except at higher acrylic concentrations.
Fluorescent ROMP Monomers and Copolymers for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Riga Esther K. , Boschert David , Vöhringer Maria , Widyaya Vania Tanda , Kurowska Monika , Hartleb Wibke , Lienkamp Karen
Published: August 2017

The synthesis and characterization of a series of green‐, blue‐, and red‐fluorescent exo‐oxanorbornene acid and imide monomers carrying nitrobenzofurazan, coumarin, and rhodamin B, respectively, as fluorophores are presented. These monomers carry oxanorbornene as polymerizable unit, and are readily copolymerized with bioactive functional oxanorbornene monomers by ring‐opening metathesis polymerization, as demonstrated by gel permeation chromatography and NMR spectroscopy. Due to the ease of synthesis of these monomers, and their cost‐effectiveness compared many to other fluorescent probes, they are useful for biomaterial applications.
Gradient estimates of Dirichlet heat kernels for unimodal Lévy processes
Authors: Kulczycki Tadeusz , Ryznar Michał
Published: August 2017

Under some mild assumptions on the Lévy measure and the symbol we obtain gradient estimates of Dirichlet heat kernels for pure‐jump isotropic unimodal Lévy processes in .
Novel Biodegradable Polymer with Redox‐Triggered Backbone Cleavage Through Sequential 1,6‐Elimination and 1,5‐Cyclization Reactions
Authors: Whang Chang‐Hee , Kim Kyeong Soo , Bae Jungeun , Chen Jun , Jun Ho‐Wook , Jo Seongbong
Published: August 2017

In the past decade, the self‐immolative biodegradable polymer arose as a novel paradigm for its efficient degradation mechanism and vast potential for advanced biomedical applications. This study reports successful synthesis of a novel biodegradable polymer capable of self‐immolative backbone cleavage. The monomer is designed by covalent conjugations of both pendant redox‐trigger (p‐nitrobenzyl alcohol) and self‐immolative linker (p‐hydroxybenzyl alcohol) to the cyclization spacer (n‐2‐(hydroxyethyl)ethylene diamine), which serves as the structural backbone. The polymerization of the monomer with hexamethylene diisocyanate yields a linear redox‐sensitive polymer that can systemically degrade via sequential 1,6‐elimination and 1,5‐cyclization reactions within an effective timeframe. Ultimately, the polymer's potential for biomedical application is simulated through in vitro redox‐triggered release of paclitaxel from polymeric nanoparticles.
Neodymium Catalyst for the Polymerization of Dienes and Polar Vinyl Monomers
Authors: Kularatne Ruvanthi N. , Yang Annie , Nguyen Hien Q. , McCandless Gregory T. , Stefan Mihaela C.
Published: August 2017

Ziegler–Natta catalysts have played a major role in industry for the polymerization of dienes and vinyl monomers. However, due to the deactivation of the catalyst, this system fails to polymerize polar vinyl monomers such as vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate, and methyl acrylate. Herein, a catalytic system composed of NdCl3⋅3TEP/TIBA is reported, which promotes a quasi‐living polymerization of dienes and is also active for the homopolymerization of polar vinyl monomers. Additionally, this catalytic system generates polymyrcene‐b‐polyisoprene and poly(myrcene)‐b‐poly(methyl methacrylate) diblock copolymers by sequential monomer addition. To encourage the replacement of petroleum‐based polymers by environmentally benign biobased polymers, polymerization of β‐myrcene is demonstrated with a catalytic activity of ≈106 kg polymer mol Nd−1 h−1.
Lipid Metabolism, Abdominal Adiposity, and Cerebral Health in the Amish
Authors: Ryan Meghann , Kochunov Peter , Rowland Laura M. , Mitchell Braxton D. , Wijtenburg S. Andrea , Fieremans Els , Veraart Jelle , Novikov Dmitry S. , Du Xiaoming , Adhikari Bhim , Fisseha Feven , Bruce Heather , Chiappelli Joshua , Sampath Hemalatha , Ament Seth , O'Connell Jeffrey , Shuldiner Alan R. , Hong L. Elliot
Published: August 2017

Objective

To assess the association between peripheral lipid/fat profiles and cerebral gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) in healthy Old Order Amish (OOA).

Methods

Blood lipids, abdominal adiposity, liver lipid contents, and cerebral microstructure were assessed in OOA (N = 64, 31 males/33 females, ages 18‐77). Orthogonal factors were extracted from lipid and imaging adiposity measures. GM assessment used the Human Connectome Project protocol to measure whole‐brain average cortical thickness. Diffusion‐weighted imaging was used to derive WM fractional anisotropy and kurtosis anisotropy measurements.

Results

Lipid/fat measures were captured by three orthogonal factors explaining 80% of the variance. Factor one loaded on cholesterol and/or low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol measurements; factor two loaded on triglyceride/liver measurements; and factor three loaded on abdominal fat measurements. A two‐stage regression including age/sex (first stage) and the three factors (second stage) examined the peripheral lipid/fat effects. Factors two and three significantly contributed to WM measures after Bonferroni corrections (P < 0.007). No factor significantly contributed to GM. Blood pressure (BP) inclusion did not meaningfully alter the lipid/fat‐WM relationship.

Conclusions

Peripheral lipid/fat indicators were significantly and negatively associated with cerebral WM rather than with GM, independent of age and BP level. Dissecting the fat/lipid components contributing to different brain imaging parameters may open a new understanding of the body‐brain connection through lipid metabolism.
Aging Effect of the Resistive Switching in ZnO Thin Film
Authors: Kambhala N. , Angappane S.
Published: August 2017

We have studied the stability of resistive switching behavior observed in RF sputtered ZnO thin film deposited on Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrate with two different top electrodes, such as Ag and Al. Interestingly, there was no resistive switching behavior observed for freshly prepared devices. However, we have observed the switching behavior after few days. The switching voltage is found to be about 0.5 V. The resistive switching is found to appear due to the formation and rupture of conducting filaments made of the oxygen vacancies. Notably, the aging based resistive switching disappears after few days and shows a linear I–V curve, due to the increase of conducting filaments and the formation of conducting paths across the ZnO film.
Uncertainty quantification of pollutant source retrieval: comparison of Bayesian methods with application to the Chernobyl and Fukushima Daiichi accidental releases of radionuclides
Authors: Liu Y. , Haussaire J.‐M. , Bocquet M. , Roustan Y. , Saunier O. , Mathieu A.
Published: August 2017

Inverse modelling of the emissions of atmospheric species and pollutants has significantly progressed over the past 15 years. However, in spite of seemingly reliable estimates, the retrievals are rarely accompanied by an objective estimate of their uncertainty, except when Gaussian statistics are assumed for the errors, which is often an unrealistic assumption. Here, we assess rigorous techniques meant to compute this uncertainty in the context of the inverse modelling of the time emission rates – the so‐called source term – of a point‐wise atmospheric tracer. Log‐normal statistics are used for the positive source term prior and possibly the observation errors; this precludes simple Gaussian statistics‐based solutions.

Firstly, through the so‐called empirical Bayesian approach, parameters of the error statistics – the hyperparameters – are first estimated by maximizing their likelihood via an expectation–maximization algorithm. This enables a robust estimation of a source term. Then, the uncertainties attached to the retrieved source rates and total emission are estimated using four Monte Carlo techniques: (i) an importance sampling based on a Laplace proposal, (ii) a naive randomize‐then‐optimize (RTO) sampling approach, (iii) an unbiasedRTOsampling approach, and (iv) a basic Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation. Secondly, these methods are compared to a more thorough hierarchical Bayesian approach, using anMCMCbased on a transdimensional representation of the source term to reduce the computational cost.

Those methods, and improvements thereof, are applied to the estimation of the atmospheric caesium‐137 source terms from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident in April and May 1986 and Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident in March 2011. This study provides the first consistent and rigorous quantification of the uncertainty of these best estimates.
Shallow‐water equations on a spherical multiple‐cell grid
Authors: Li Jian‐Guo
Published: August 2017

The shallow‐water equations (SWEs) are discretized on a spherical multiple‐cell (SMC) grid and validated with classical tests, including steady zonal flow over flat or hill floor, the Rossby–Haurwitz wave and the unstable zonal jet. The numerical schemes follow the conventional latitude–longitude (lat‐lon) grid ones at low latitudes but switch to a fixed‐reference direction system to define vector variables at high latitudes for reduction of polar curvature errors. Semi‐implicit schemes are used for both the Coriolis terms and the potential energy gradients. A C‐grid mass‐conserving advection–diffusion scheme is used for the thickness variable and mixed A‐ and D‐grid schemes are applied on the momentum equation. Tests demonstrate that the two reference directions work fine on the SMC grid and the SWEs model is stable as long as numerical noises are suppressed with enough smoothing. This implies that other reduced grids could be used for dynamical models if the vector polar problem is properly solved. The unstructured SMC grid also supports multi‐resolutions in mesh refinement style and a refined area is included to show grid refinement effects. For steady smooth flows, the refinement is almost unnoticeable while in unstable jet case, it may stir up instability ripples in the jet flow unless strong average is applied.