bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of disordered eating in athletes categorized by emphasis on leanness and activity type – a systematic review
Authors: Mancine Ryley P. , Gusfa Donald W. , Moshrefi Ali , Kennedy Samantha F.
Published: September 2020

Background

Disordered Eating (DE) shows a strong association with athletics and can lead to several negative mental and physical health effects. Traditionally, sports have been grouped based upon whether or not the sport emphasizes leanness as a competing factor. Due to sociocultural factors, risk for DE may also be associated with the sport type. The aim of this review is to critically analyze the available research and data in this field to consider the relationship between DE and sport type to see which factors influence prevalence among athletes

Method

A systematic review was completed using keywords specific to DE and sport types. Articles were either excluded due to lack of specification of athlete type or failure to use a standardized screening tool or interview for data collection.

Results

6 out of 7 studies found a significant increase in DE rates among lean sport types. When classifying by sport type reports were less consistent, but show non-lean sports also have increased rates of DE.

Conclusion

There are variations in prevalence of DE behaviors depending on athlete type. It is important to identify the risk for DE early in athletes so emphasis can be placed on treatment options to nullify progression to an eating disorder, lower negative impacts on an athlete’s performance, and prevent other negative health effects. Using sport groups is important to clinical practice as well as research, as certain sports may have a higher risk for development of DE.
Contribution of community-based sociotherapy interventions for the psychological well-being of Rwandan youths born to genocide perpetrators and survivors: analysis of the stories telling of a sociotherapy approach
Authors: Biracyaza Emmanuel , Habimana Samuel
Published: September 2020

Background

Psychological well-being (PWB) refers to inter- and intra-individual levels of positive functioning that include one’s relatedness with others and self-referent attitudes that include one’s sense of mastery and personal growth. PWB consists of hedonism and eudaimonia building on thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Sociotherapy is a community-based health intervention that contributes to the promotion of PWB worldwide. Starting from an analysis of trauma transmitted from the perpetrators and survivors of the Rwandan genocide to their descendants, this article is aimed at exploring the contribution of therapeutic sessions to PWB among youth.

Method

A qualitative study design based on shared testimonies was carried out. Field reports from the sociotherapists, written texts, and testimonies of changes presented in the conviviality meetings were analyzed using transactional analysis. We included 24 reflexive texts upon completion of 8 months of the therapeutic program.

Results

Results indicated that before sociotherapy sessions, youth born to genocide survivors and perpetrators had psychosocial distress, including low self-esteem, hopelessness, anxiety, stigma, thoughts of revenge, shame, depression, and antisocial behaviors. Sociotherapy significantly contributed to the reduction of these psychosocial problems. Participating youth reported feeling safe, trusted, respected, and healthier than before the sociotherapy. This intervention created inner healing, social cohesion, alleviated their sufferings of trauma, restored their families and contributed to community resilience. Results revealed that youth developed PWB, helping them to what appeared to be psychosocial problems as being potentially healthy, enhancing self-acceptance, and respecting humanity. Youth also became the vector for the reconciliation and reconstruction of their humanity.

Conclusion

Sociotherapy is a community health intervention that has an effective outcome on the personal well-being of of youth. This therapy impacted the individual, social, and familial resilience of youth who developed their capacity to regain and maintain health. The intervention restored their PWB, characterized by increased positive functioning specifically in the areas of autonomy, ecological mastery, individual growth, purpose in life, good relationships with others, and improved self-esteem.
A phase I study of a dual PI3-kinase/mTOR inhibitor BEZ235 in adult patients with relapsed or refractory acute leukemia
Authors: Lang Fabian , Wunderle Lydia , Badura Susanne , Schleyer Eberhard , Brüggemann Monika , Serve Hubert , Schnittger Susanne , Gökbuget Nicola , Pfeifer Heike , Wagner Sebastian , Ashelford Kevin , Bug Gesine , Ottmann Oliver G.
Published: September 2020

Background

Combined inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complexes may be an efficient treatment for acute leukemia. The primary objective of this phase I single center open label study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of the dual pan-class I PI3K and mTOR inhibitor BEZ235 in patients with advanced leukemia.

Methods

Herein patients > 18 years of age who had relapsed or showed refractory leukemia were treated with BEZ235 (orally at 300–400 mg BID (cohort − 1/1)) to assess safety, tolerability, preliminary efficacy and pharmacokinetic (PK). Adverse events data and serious adverse events were analyzed and haematological and clinical biochemistry toxicities were assessed from laboratory test parameters. Response was assessed for the first time at the end of cycle 1 (day 29) and after every subsequent cycle. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses of BEZ235 were also included (BEZ235 plasma levels, phosphorylation of AKT, S6 and 4EBP1). On statistics this trial is a multiple ascending dose study in which a following variant of the 3 + 3 rule (“Rolling Six”), a minimum of 6 and a maximum of 12 patients was recruited for the dose escalation and another 5 were planned for the expansion phase.

Results

Twenty-four patients with ALL (n = 11) or AML (n = 12) or CML-BP (n = 1) were enrolled. All patients had failed one (n = 5) or more lines of therapy (n = 5) and 14 patients were in refractory / refractory relapse. No formal MTD was defined, stomatitis and gastrointestinal toxicity at 400 mg BID dose was considered incompatible with prolonged treatment. The RP2D of BEZ235 was defined as 300 mg BID. Four of 24 patients showed clinical benefit. Twenty-two of 24 patients discontinued because of progression, (median time to progression 27 days (4d-112d). There was no association between PK parameters and efficacy or tolerability.

Conclusions

Combined inhibition of PI3K and mTOR inhibits a clinically meaningful driver pathway in a small subset of patients with ALL, with no benefit in patients with AML.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT01756118. retrospectively registered 19th December 2012, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01756118.
Sex-specific prevalence and outcomes of frailty in critically ill patients
Authors: Hessey Erin , Montgomery Carmel , Zuege Danny J. , Rolfson Darryl , Stelfox Henry T. , Fiest Kirsten M. , Bagshaw Sean M.
Published: September 2020

Background

The prevalence of frailty, an important risk factor for short- and long-term outcomes in hospitalized adults, differs by sex. Studies in critically ill adults have also found differences in mortality and organ support rates in males and females. The objective of this study was to determine if these observed differences in mortality and organ support rates can be explained by sex and frailty alone, or if the interaction between sex and frailty is an important risk factor.

Methods

This is a retrospective multi-centre population-based cohort study of all adult patients (≥ 18 years) admitted to the seventeen intensive care units (ICUs) across Alberta, Canada, between 2016 and 2017. On admission, physicians assigned a Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) score (1 = very fit, 9 = terminally ill) to all patients. Patients with missing CFS scores or who died within 24 h of ICU admission were excluded. Frailty was defined as CFS ≥ 5. Outcomes included all-cause hospital mortality, ICU mortality, and organ support rates. A propensity score for female sex was generated and 1:1 matching on sex was performed. Multivariable Cox regression or logistic regression, as appropriate, was performed to evaluate the association between sex, frailty, and the sex-frailty interaction term with outcomes.

Results

Of 15,238 patients included in the cohort, after propensity score matching 11,816 patients remained (mean [standard deviation] age 57.3 [16.9]). In the matched cohort, females had a higher prevalence of frailty than males (32% vs. 27%, respectively) and higher odds of frailty (odds ratio [95% confidence interval (CI)] 1.29 [1.20–1.40]). Though females were less likely to receive invasive mechanical ventilation (hazard ratio [95% CI] 0.78 [0.71–0.86]), the interaction between sex and frailty (i.e., males and females with and without frailty) was not associated with differences in organ support rates. Receipt of dialysis and vasoactive support, as well as hospital mortality and ICU mortality were associated with frailty but were not associated with female sex or the interaction between sex and frailty.

Conclusions

Although frailty and sex were individually associated with mortality and differences in organ support in the ICU, there does not appear to be a significant interaction between sex and frailty with regards to these outcomes.
Ciliated muconodular papillary tumor with a growing cavity shadow that mimicked colorectal metastasis to the lung: a case report
Authors: Murakami Kotaro , Yutaka Yojiro , Nakajima Naoki , Yoshizawa Akihiko , Date Hiroshi
Published: September 2020

Background

Ciliated muconodular papillary tumor (CMPT) is a rare papillary nodule tumor with benign and malignant characteristics that occurs in the peripheral lung.

Case presentation

A 70-year-old woman who underwent right hemicolectomy for colorectal cancer (CRC; pT3N0M0, p-stage II) 2 years prior, presented with a sub-centimeter growing cavity shadow on chest computed tomography (CT), which was suspected to be a CRC metastasis. Because positron emission tomography CT suggested there was no other site suspicious of recurrence, thoracoscopic resection with preoperative pleural dye marking was planned to remove the small lesion, which seemed to be hardly palpable on CT. Immediately after pleural dye marking adjacent to the lesion using cone beam CT in the hybrid operating room, thoracoscopic wedge resection was performed and the tumor was finally diagnosed as CMPT, characterized by the papillary growth of mucus-producing cells in the alveoli.

Conclusion

We resected the non-palpable small lung lesions following preoperative marking using cone-beam CT in the hybrid operating room. This case highlights a rare cavitary CT image of a CMPT mimicking a metastatic lung tumor from colorectal cancer.
Laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy for difficult cases of acute cholecystitis: a simple technique using barbed sutures
Authors: Fujiwara Sho , Kaino Kenji , Iseya Kazuki , Koyamada Nozomi
Published: September 2020

Background

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for difficult acute cholecystitis (AC) cases bears a high risk of vasculobiliary injuries (VBI). The Tokyo Guidelines 2018 (TG18) recommend the use of bailout procedures and subtotal cholecystectomy to prevent VBI. Performing a safe LC is challenging, even when followed by an accurate pre-surgical assessment. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LSC) requires advanced skills, and there is a risk of recurrence of cancer and/or gallbladder stones (GBS) in the remnant gallbladder (GB). Moreover, it is sometimes impossible to safely close the cystic duct with either a loop tie or linear staples because of anatomical and fragility problems. Here, we report a novel technique employing barbed sutures for LSC in difficult AC cases.

Case presentation

We performed urgent LSC using barbed sutures for the stump of the cystic duct in two patients. In preoperative assessments, we found that these cases were qualified for operations rather than GB drainages, but the cystic ducts appeared difficult to close due to their severe inflammation and fragility during the operations. We applied barbed suture as a surrogate technique to close the stump of cystic duct. In patient 1, a 67-year-old woman with severe heart failure and type 2 diabetes mellitus was diagnosed with grade III AC. Pathological diagnosis was gangrenous cholecystitis. In patient 2, a 68-year-old woman who was referred to our hospital after 15 days of treatment for AC with antibiotics without drainage. The severity of AC was grade II according to TG18. Pathological diagnosis was acute-on-chronic cholecystitis. Both patients were discharged without complication.

Conclusions

The utilization of barbed sutures in LSC stems as a feasible and safe surrogate technique. Furthermore, this approach could decrease the risks associated with the remnant GB.
SHBG and total testosterone levels in men with adult onset hypogonadism: what are we overlooking?
Authors: Winters Stephen J.
Published: September 2020

Background

Adult onset male hypogonadism (AOH) is a common clinical condition whose diagnosis and management are controversial, and is often characterized by a low level of SHBG, but our understanding of why testosterone levels are low when SHBG is low is incomplete.

Methods

This retrospective chart review was performed to compare the relationship between SHBG and testosterone in the plasma of men presenting for evaluation of AOH with a cohort of men treated chronically with transdermal testosterone.

Results

The level of SHBG was < 30 nmol/L in 73% of men who presented for evaluation of AOH, and was inversely proportional to BMI in both the untreated and the testosterone-treated men. As in previous populations, the level of SHBG was highly positively correlated (r = 0.71,p < 0.01) with the total testosterone level in untreated men presenting for evaluation of AOH, but no relationship was found between the level of SHBG and total testosterone among men who were being treated with a transdermal testosterone preparation.

Conclusions

These findings further support the idea that SHBG regulates testicular negative feedback either directly or by modulating the entry of testosterone or estradiol into cells in the hypothalamus and/or pituitary to control gonadotropin synthesis and secretion which explains in part the low testosterone levels in men with AOH.

Trial registration

Not applicable
Comparative molecular genetic diversity between Trichoderma spp. from Egypt and Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mazrou Yasser S. A. , Baazeem Alaa , Makhlouf Abeer H. , Sabry Ayman , Ismail Mohamed , Hassan Mohamed M.
Published: September 2020

Background

The phylogeny and phylogenetic relationships of Trichoderma species were investigated by many methods including maximum parsimony and distance analysis of DNA sequences from multiple genetic loci. 5.8S rDNA sequence analysis is a powerful tool in evolution studies.

Main body

The aim of this study was to identify and determine the genetic distance between 36 Trichoderma isolates from Egyptian and Saudi Arabian soils based on their 5.8S rDNA sequences. The genetic diversity of Trichoderma (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) species from Egypt and Saudi Arabia was investigated. The DNA barcoding of 36 isolates, based on the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 4 (ITS1 and 4) of the ribosomal RNA gene cluster and the partial sequence of this gene, revealed the diversity of these isolates. BLAST query showed that two species, namely T. longibarchiatum (42.7% of the isolates) and T. lentiforme (33.3% of the isolates), pre-dominated the isolates. Variation among specimens of the same species was detected. Cluster analysis of the Egyptian isolates showed two groups; the first group was subdivided into two subgroups, the first of which included T. lentiforme and T. crassum isolates, and the second subgroup harbored T. longibrachiatum, T. pseudokoningii, and T. bissettii. The second group included T. neokoningii and T. yunnanens. The cluster analysis of isolates from Saudi Arabia also consisted of two groups. The first group was subdivided into two subgroups; the first included T. longibrachiatum and T. pseudokoningii. The second subgroup harbored T. simmonsii and T. lentiforme. Also, no correlation between genetic and geographic distance was detected.

Conclusion

The results of the present study indicated that the Saudi Arabian isolates showed greater nucleotide diversity compared to Egyptian isolates. Also, these findings will assist in future studies while assessing Trichoderma genetic diversity.
Index of deterioration of patients with mechanical prosthetic heart valve thrombosis
Authors: Hassouna Ahmed , El-Ghanam Mohamed , Moftah Hasan , Samir Khaled , Refaat Khaled
Published: September 2020

Background

Mechanical prosthetic heart valves are known for their durability; however, a malfunctioning prosthesis can deteriorate rapidly to become a life-threatening complication. Our aim was to calculate a numerical index to express the rate of clinical deterioration of patients presenting with a mechanical prosthetic heart valve thrombosis (PVT), called the index of deterioration (ID), and to evaluate its usefulness in predicting hospital outcomes.

Results

The median ID and range were (0.43, 0.03-3) NYHA class/day. A higher ID was significantly related to early development of PVT after native valve replacement, younger age, female gender, pregnancy, non-compliance to oral anticoagulation (OAC), low LVEF%, high mean pressure gradient across a mitral prosthesis, raised serum creatinine, and SGOT on admission (P < 0.05). Independent predictors were early presentation after native valve replacement, female gender, and non-compliance to OAC (P < 0.05).

ID correlated positively with the need for urgent/emergency surgery, and the durations of cardiopulmonary bypass, postoperative mechanical ventilation, and positive inotropes. ID correlated negatively with the postoperative LVEF% (P < 0.05). Median ID of the 21 mortalities (0.75, 0.1-3) was > 2.1 times that of survivors (0.35: 0.03−2; P = 0.002), and the median ID of the 29 cases with postoperative complications (0.5, 0.1-1.5) was 2.5 times that of the 39 uneventful cases (0.2, 0.03-2; P = 0.011). The ID significantly predicted both mortality (odds ratio 3.87; 1.33-1.29; P = 0.013) and mortality and hospital complications (odds ratio 4.77; 1.49-15.2; P = 0.008). The respective discriminating abilities were AUC 0.734 (0.616-0.852; P = 0.002) and 0.724 (0.61-0.835; P < 0.001). EuroScore II correlated positively with ID (r = 0.571; P < 0.001) but showed better discriminative abilities.

Conclusion

The simple index of deterioration was useful in monitoring deterioration and predicting hospital progression and outcomes in patients presenting with PVT.
The efficacy and safety of direct-acting antiviral drugs in the management of hepatitis C virus-related arthritis
Authors: Alian Samah M. , Wahba Mohamed Othman , Gomaa Ahmed Fathy , Khalil Sahar S.
Published: September 2020

Background

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a worldwide disease. HCV-related arthritis is one of the extrahepatic manifestations of the disease. The treatment of chronic HCV has been revolutionized with the introduction of oral direct-acting antiviral (DAA) drugs. We aim to determine the outcomes of treatment by the combination of sofosbuvir-daclatasvir with or without ribavirin in patients with HCV-related arthritis.

Results

Post-therapy, all group I patients had sustained viral response. Significant improvement of the outcome parameters was found 12 weeks post-treatment in group I compared to baseline and group II. Complete and partial remission of articular symptoms in group I patients was observed in 80% and 5%, respectively, while 85% of patients in group II showed no remission. Few mild side effects were encountered with therapy.

Conclusion

The combination of sofosbuvir-daclatasvir with or without ribavirin is an effective and safe therapy for eradication of HCV infection and amelioration of HCV-related arthritis.
Harmonization of L1CAM expression facilitates axon outgrowth and guidance of a motor neuron
Authors: Sherry Tessa , Handley Ava , Nicholas Hannah R. , Pocock Roger
Published: September 2020

Brain development requires precise regulation of axon outgrowth, guidance and termination by multiple signaling and adhesion molecules. How the expression of these neurodevelopmental regulators is transcriptionally controlled is poorly understood. The Caenorhabditis elegans SMD motor neurons terminate axon outgrowth upon sexual maturity and partially retract their axons during early adulthood. Here we show that C-Terminal Binding Protein-1 (CTBP-1), a transcriptional corepressor, is required for correct SMD axonal development. Loss of CTBP-1 causes multiple defects in SMD axon development: premature outgrowth, defective guidance, delayed termination and absence of retraction. CTBP-1 controls SMD axon guidance by repressing the expression of SAX-7 - a L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM). CTBP-1-regulated repression is crucial as deregulated SAX-7/L1CAM causes severely aberrant SMD axons. We found that axonal defects caused by deregulated SAX-7/L1CAM are dependent on a distinct L1CAM, called LAD-2, which itself plays a parallel role in SMD axon guidance. Our results reveal that harmonization of L1CAM expression controls the development and maturation of a single neuron.
RYK-mediated filopodial pathfinding facilitates midgut elongation
Authors: Wang Sha , Roy James P. , Tomlinson Abigail J. , Wang Ellen B. , Tsai Yu-Hwai , Cameron Lisa , Underwood Julie , Spence Jason R. , Walton Kate , Stacker Steven A. , Gumucio Deborah L. , Lechler Terry
Published: September 2020

Between embryonic day 10.5 to 14.5, active proliferation drives rapid elongation of the murine midgut epithelial tube. Within this pseudostratified epithelium, nuclei synthesize DNA near the basal surface and move apically to divide. After mitosis, the majority of daughter cells extend a long, basally oriented filopodial protrusion, building a de novo path along which their nuclei can return to the basal side. WNT5A, secreted by surrounding mesenchymal cells, acts as a guidance cue to orchestrate this epithelial pathfinding behavior, but how this signal is received by epithelial cells is unknown. Here, we investigated two known WNT5A receptors, ROR2 and RYK. We found that epithelial ROR2 is dispensable for midgut elongation. However, loss of Ryk phenocopies the Wnt5a−/− phenotype, perturbing post-mitotic pathfinding and leading to apoptosis. These studies reveal that the ligand-receptor pair, WNT5A-RYK, acts as a navigation system to instruct filopodial pathfinding, a process critical for continuous cell cycling to fuel rapid midgut elongation.
Proteolytic cleavage of Slit by the Tolkin protease converts an axon repulsion cue to an axon growth cue in vivo
Authors: Kellermeyer Riley , Heydman Leah M. , Gillis Taylor , Mastick Grant S. , Song Minmin , Kidd Thomas
Published: September 2020

Slit is a secreted protein that has a canonical function of repelling growing axons from the CNS midline. The full-length Slit (Slit-FL) is cleaved into Slit-N and Slit-C fragments, which have potentially distinct functions via different receptors. Here we report that the BMP-1/Tolloid family metalloprotease, Tolkin (Tok), is responsible for Slit proteolysis in vivo and in vitro. In tok mutants lacking Slit cleavage, midline repulsion of axons occurs normally, confirming that Slit-FL is sufficient to repel axons. However, longitudinal axon guidance is highly disrupted in tok mutants and can be rescued by midline expression of Slit-N, suggesting that Slit is the primary substrate for Tok in the embryonic CNS. Transgenic restoration of Slit-N or Slit-C does repel axons in Slit-null animals. Slit-FL and Slit-N are both biologically active cues with distinct axon guidance functions in vivo. Slit signaling is used in diverse biological processes, thus differentiating between Slit-FL and Slit fragments will be essential for evaluating Slit function in broader contexts.
Human disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphism changes the orientation of DROSHA on pri-mir-146a
Authors: Le Cong Truc , Nguyen Thuy Linh , Nguyen Trung Duc , Nguyen Tuan Anh
Published: September 2020

The Microprocessor complex of DROSHA and DGCR8 initiates the biosynthesis of microRNAs (miRNAs) by processing primary miRNAs (pri-miRNAs). The Microprocessor can be oriented on pri-miRNAs in opposite directions to generate productive and unproductive cleavages at their basal and apical junctions, respectively. However, only the productive cleavage gives rise to miRNAs. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, rs2910164) in pri-mir-146a is associated with various human diseases. Although this SNP was found to reduce the expression of miRNA, it is still not known if it affects the activity of the Microprocessor directly, and how it functions. In this study, we revealed that the SNP creates an unexpected mGHG motif at the apical junction of pri-mir-146a. This mGHG motif interacts with the double-stranded RNA-binding domain (dsRBD) of DROSHA, switching its orientation on pri-mir-146a from the basal to the apical junction. As a result, the SNP facilitates Microprocessor to cleave SNP-pri-mir-146a at its unproductive sites. Our findings help to elucidate the molecular mechanism that explains how the disease-associated SNP modulates the biogenesis of pri-mir-146a and thereby affects its cellular functions.
Assessment of Vancomycin MIC Creep Phenomenon in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Lahore
Authors: Arshad Faiqa , Saleem Sidrah , Jahan Shah , Tahir Romeeza
Published: September 2020

Objective: To assess vancomycin MIC creep phenomenon in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical specimens.

Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in Microbiology department of University of Health Sciences, Lahore from January 2016- December 2019. In this study, vancomycin MICs were revealed by E test method for clinical MRSA strains. For the final evaluation, a single isolate from each patient was taken. The reported vancomycin MICs results were used and the values were not rounded up to the next upward value. For every study year, MIC50, MIC90, median and geometrical mean MIC, percentages of susceptible and resistant strains were calculated.

Results: A total of 352 MRSA strains were isolated out of 2704 staphylococcal isolates. Our study showed elevated vancomycin MIC among MRSA isolates. The majority of isolates showed MIC values ≥1.5µg/ml. MIC50, MIC 90 was constant throughout four years period. However, geometric mean MIC increased gradually during the study period. The MIC greater than base year median was overall 17.3%. A complete shift can be observed between MIC “1.0” and “2.0” the percent of cases with MIC “1.0” decreased and with MIC “2.0” increased over time crossing each other in 2017.

Conclusion: Vancomycin MIC creep was identified in clinical isolates of MRSA, during four years of study period. Even though there is an absence of VISA and VRSA strains; this significant increase in vancomycin MIC trend is indeed worrying for the clinicians about the threat of potential failure of treatment in MRSA infections.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.3273

How to cite this:Arshad F, Saleem S, Jahan S, Tahir R. Assessment of Vancomycin MIC Creep Phenomenon in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Lahore. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(7):1505-1510.   doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.3273

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The impact of environmental risk factors on delirium and benefits of noise and light modifications: a scoping review
Authors: Hashemighouchani Haleh , Cupka Julie , Lipori Jessica , Ruppert Matthew M. , Ingersent Elizabeth , Ozrazgat-Baslanti Tezcan , Rashidi Parisa , Bihorac Azra
Published: September 2020

Background: To explore existing literature on the association between environmental risk factors and delirium, and to investigate the effectiveness of environmental modifications on prevention or management of delirium.

Methods: This is a scoping review of peer-reviewed studies in PubMed and the reference lists of reviewed articles. Observational studies reporting the effect of noise, light, and circadian rhythm on delirium and interventional studies assessing delirium in modified environments were reviewed.

Results: 37 studies were included, 21 of which evaluated the impact of environment on delirium and 16 studied possible solutions to mitigate those impacts. Mixed findings of the reviewed studies yielded inconclusive results; a clearly delineated association between high noise levels, abnormal amounts of light exposure, and sleep disruption with delirium could not be established. The environmental interventions targeted reducing noise exposure, improving daytime and mitigating night-time light exposure to follow circadian rhythm, and promoting sleep. The overall evidence supporting effectiveness of environmental interventions was also of a low confidence; however, quiet-time protocols, earplugs, and bright light therapy showed a benefit for prevention or management of delirium.

Conclusions: Environmental modifications are non-invasive, risk-free, and low-cost strategies that may be beneficial in preventing and managing delirium, especially when used as part of a multi-component plan. However, given the limited evidence-based conclusions, further high-quality and larger studies focusing on environmental modifications and delirium outcomes are strongly recommended.
Evaluating and Optimizing Opportunity Fast-Charging Schedules in Transit Battery Electric Bus Networks
Authors: Abdelwahed Ayman , van den Berg Pieter L. , Brandt Tobias , Collins John , Ketter Wolfgang
Published: September 2020

Public transport operators (PTOs) increasingly face a challenging problem in switching from conventional diesel to more sustainable battery electric buses (BEBs). In this study, we optimize the opportunity fast-charging schedule of transit BEB networks in order to minimize the charging costs and the impact on the grid. Two mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) formulations that use different discretization approaches are developed and compared. Discrete-Time Optimization (DTO) resembles a time-expanded network that discretizes the time and decisions to equal discrete slots. Discrete-Event Optimization (DEO) discretizes the time and decisions into nonuniform slots based on arrival and departure events in the network. In addition to the DEO’s higher practicability, the comparative computational study carried out on the transit-bus network in the city of Rotterdam, Netherlands, shows that the DEO is superior to the DTO in terms of computational performance. To show the potential benefits of the optimal schedule, it is compared with two reference common-sense greedy strategies: First-in-First-Served and Lowest-Charge-Highest-Priority.
Moral distress, compassion fatigue and burn-out in veterinary practice
Authors: Foote Amber
Published: September 2020

Concerns regarding compassion fatigue and burn-out in veterinary practice are steadily increasing. Burn-out is defined as the state in which a person feels emotionally, physically and mentally exhausted. Work-related stress can have a significant impact on our quality of life and unfortunately lead to burn-out, moral distress and compassion fatigue. As veterinary professionals are exposed to ethical dilemmas and stressful situations daily, it is important that they are aware of the signs of burn-out and how it can be managed.
How to detect the subtle changes of early deterioration
Authors: Latimer-Jones Kathryn
Published: September 2020

A crucial nursing role is the identification of patient deterioration. Identifying deterioration usually begins with the observation of vital signs. Nevertheless, this depends on how users interpret the results they find, as well as their ability to consult with their senior colleagues when needed. The aim of this article is to help nurses improve their knowledge of the skills required to promptly identify potentially life-threatening problems by employing a systematic approach, which can ultimately result in better care and better outcomes.
Unbekannte Textdrucke zu drei Gelegenheitskantaten J. S. Bachs
Authors: Tiggemann Hildegard
Published: September 2020

Die Textdrucke wurden in der Hofbibliothek Bückeburg - Sammlung Anton Gottfried Schlichthaber - gefunden. Zu ihnen gehört der Text einer Huldigungskantate für Herzog Christian zu Sachsen-Weißenfels vom 12. Januar 1729: 'O! Angenehme Melodei!', die fast mit BWV 210a identisch ist. Von den sechzig Trauungskantaten Bachs aus Leipzig sind bisher nur sechs Kantaten bekannt. Die Texte zweier weiterer Werke dieser Gattung wurden ebenfalls wiederentdeckt. Desweiteren zählt der Fund eines Klagegedichtes auf den Tod eines Mitgliedes des Bachschen Collegium musicum dazu. (Autor, gekürzt, Quelle: Bibliographie des Musikschrifttums online)
"Dein Ruhm wird wie ein Demantstein, ja wie ein fester Stahl beständig sein"
Authors: Maul Michael
Published: September 2020

Der Artikel widmet sich eingangs den Beziehungen Johann Sebastian Bachs in seinem Leipziger Lebensumfeld und darüber hinaus und hinterfragt Bachs Beweggründe für die Pflege von Beziehungen. Dabei wird auf die hauptsächlich mangels Überlieferung entstehenden Schwierigkeiten hingewiesen, die den Versuch, diese Beziehungen Bachs nachzuvollziehen, erschweren. Speziell das Verhältnis der Familie zum kgl. preuß. Hofrat und Leibarzt Georg Ernst Stahl (1713-1772) wird untersucht. Als Indizien dienen Widmungen Carl Philipp manuel wie Wilhelm Friedemann Bachs an Stahl, der Aufenthalt J. S. Bachs im Hause Stahls in Berlin 1741 sowie besonders eine im Verzeichnis der Musikalien Stahls vermerkte Kantate J. S. Bachs. Diese wird als BWV 210 identifiziert, die Überlieferungsgeschichte dieses Werkes daraufhin neu formuliert und aus textlichen Verweisen und der Werkgeschichte die Vermutung begründet, Bach habe ein früheres Werk hier für die Hochzeit Stahls umgearbeitet. Somit wird erstmals die Aufführung einer weltlichen Huldigungsmusik Bachs in Berlin nachgewiesen und festgestellt, dass der Anteil solcher Werke im Œuvre Bachs einstmals einen zahlenmäßig weitaus größer gewesen sein müsse.

Vergleiche auch: Heinrich Miesner: Beziehungen zwischen den Familien Stahl und Bach. BJ 1933, S. 71-76

Heinrich Miesner: Graf v. Keyserlingk und Minister v. Happe, zwei Gönner der Familie Bach. BJ 1934, S. 101-115
Über die Schlußchoräle zweier Bachscher Ratswahlkantaten
Authors: Hofmann Klaus
Published: September 2020

Johann Sebastian Bachs Ratswahlkantaten sind Kirchenmusik, aber zugleich politische Repräsentationskunst. In zwei Kantaten (BWV 119/9 und BWV 120/6) indessen fällt auf, dass die Schlusschoräle im schlichten Kantionalsatz gehalten sind. Satztechnische Details legen die Vermutung nahe, es könnten dazu heute verlorene Pauken- und Trompetenstimmen gegeben haben. (Oliver Schöner, Quelle: Bibliographie des Musikschrifttums online)

Vergleiche auch: Andreas Glöckner: "In Fine Intrada con Trombe e Tamburi". Trompeten und Pauken in den Schlußchorälen von Festkantaten - eine weitere Beobachtung. BJ 2002, S. 201-208
Neumeister versus Dedekind. Das deutsche Rezitativ und die Entstehung der madrigalischen Kantate
Authors: Scheitler Irmgard
Published: September 2020

Der Artikel diskutiert die widersprüchlichen Standpunkte zur Einführung der madrigalischen Kantate in die Kirchenmusik. Dabei dient besonders Wolfram Steudes These, nicht wie bisher Erdmann Neumeister, sondern Constantin Christian Dedekind als Erfinder dieser Form anzunehmen, als Anstoß einiger grundsätzlicher Überlegungen. Diese widmen sich dem Rezitativvers und seiner Entwicklung, Neumeisters Urteil über Dedekind, Bestimmung und Form der Kantate im theatralischen Stil und dem Verhältnis Bachs zu Neumeisters madrigalischer Kantate.

Erwähnte Artikel:

Elisabeth Noack: Georg Christian Lehms, ein Textdichter Johann Sebastian Bachs. BJ 1970, S. 7-18

Helmut K. Krausse: Erdmann Neumeister und die Kantatentexte Johann Sebastian Bachs. BJ 1986, S. 7-32

Weiterführender Artikel:

Ferdinand Zander: Die Dichter der Kantatentexte Johann Sebastian Bachs. Untersuchungen zu ihrer Bestimmung. BJ 1968, S. 9-64
Schützfunde und -zuschreibungen seit 1960. Auf dem Wege zur Großen Ausgabe des Schütz-Werke-Verzeichnisses
Authors: Breig Werner
Published: September 2020

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Heinrich Schütz - die historische Begegnung der deutschen Sprache mit der musikalischen Poetik Italiens
Authors: Osthoff Wolfgang
Published: September 2020

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Theatralische neue Vorstellung von der Maria Magdalena - Ein Zeugnis für die Zusammenarbeit von Justus Georg Schottelius und Heinrich Schütz
Authors: Berns Jörg Jochen
Published: September 2020

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Der Gesang der Venuskinder von Heinrich Schütz: Bemerkungen zur Uberlieferung und zu den Kopenhagener Hochzeitsfeierlichkeiten im Oktober 1634
Authors: Gudewill Kurt
Published: September 2020

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'Wie die Sonne unter den Planeten in der Mitte leuchtet, so die Musik unter den freien Künsten': Zu Heinrich Schütz' Eintragung in das Stammbuch des Andreas Möring
Authors: Fechner Jörg-Ulrich
Published: September 2020

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From Renaissance 'Fuga' to Baroque fugue : the role of the 'Sweelinck theory manuscripts'
Authors: Walker Paul
Published: September 2020

Die sog. „Kompositionsregeln von J. P. Sweelinck” sind in drei Handschriften aus der zweiten Hälfte des 17. Jahrhunderts überliefert, in deren Inhalt sich mehrere Schichten unterscheiden lassen. Hermann Gehrmann hat 1901 in seiner Edition dieser Textgruppe (Bd. 10 der alten Sweelinck-Gesamtausgabe) die Überlieferung in der Weise gedeutet, dass Sweelinck selbst sowie seine Schüler und Enkelschüler aus Zarlinos Istitutioni harmoniche (1558) schrittweise die barocke Fugentheorie entwickelt hätten. Diese These kann nicht aufrechterhalten werden. Sweelinck selbst gab eine treue Übersetzung von Auszügen aus Zarlinos Istitutioni in der revidierten Auflage von 1573 benutzte. Noch Sweelincks Enkelschüler Weckmann und Reincken kopierten diese Kompositionslehre, ohne zu versuchen, sie im Lichte der zeigenössischen Praxis zu aktualisieren. Zusätzlich legten allerdings Weckmann und Reincken in den gleichen Handschriften ihre eigenen Beiträge zur Musiklehre nieder. Diese aber sind keine Weiterentwicklung der Lehre von Zarlino/Sweelinck, sondern übernehmen die neueren italienischen Theorien des imitativen Kontrapunkts, insbesondere die Lehre von der tonalen Beantwortung.
Zwei Stücke aus Claudio Monteverdis 6. Madrigalbuch in handschriftlichen Frühfassungen
Authors: Watty Adolf
Published: September 2020

In der Universitätsbibliothek Kassel werden Handschriften zu zwei Madrigalen aus Monteverdis 6. Madrigalbuch, "Presso un fiume tranquillo" und "Misero Alceo", aufbewahrt. Sie gehörten ursprünglich dem Hofmusiker Georg Schimmelpfennig, der sich im Kreis um Schütz in Kassel bewegte, und unterscheiden sich in einigen signifikanten Details von der gedruckten Version. Wahrscheinlich brachte Schütz diese frühen Fassungen 1612 nach seinem Studienaufenthalt in Venedig mit nach Kassel. Anhand der Manuskripte können Musikwissenschaftler die Korrekturen der frühen Versionen durch Monteverdi nachvollziehen, die bislang nur aus mündlicher Überlieferung bekannt waren.
Zur Einschätzung, zur Traditionsbindung und zur Konzeption des Becker-Psalters von Heinrich Schütz
Authors: Sachs Klaus-Jürgen
Published: September 2020

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Zu Heinrich Schütz' weltlichem Konzert 'Ach, wie soll ich doch in Freuden leben' (SWV 474) : 1. Zwei Tabulatur-Quellen für die Liedvorlage
Authors: Watty Adolf , Breig Werner
Published: September 2020

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Schütz-Drucke in der Biblioteka Uniwersytecka Wrocław
Authors: Kolbuszewska Aniela
Published: September 2020

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Bemerkungen zu "Machet die Tore weit" (SWV Anhang 8)
Authors: Steude Wolfram
Published: September 2020

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Heinrich Ignaz Franz Bibers "Harmonia Artificioso-Ariosa" : zu Druckgeschichte und Werkgestalt
Authors: Wollny Peter
Published: September 2020

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Ein bisher unbekanntes Gedicht von Heinrich Schütz in einer Schrift der Hofschule zu Kassel
Authors: Fink Hanns-Peter
Published: September 2020

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Heinrich Schütz als Pate
Authors: Möller Eberhard
Published: September 2020

Neun Patenkinder von Heinrich Schütz sind bislang bekannt. Die hierfür relevanten - und teilweise der Forschung noch nicht bekannten - Einträge in Kirchenregister aus Braunschweig, Gera, Halle, Leipzig und Weißenfels werden aufgelistet. (Übersetzung, Quelle englische Vorlage: RILM)
Ergänzend dazu: Eberhard Möller: Nachtrag zum Beitrag von Eberhard Möller "Heinrich Schütz als Pate" in Jg. 11 (1989), S. 221.
Heinrich Schütz' "Musikalische Exequien": Überlegungen zur Werkgeschichte und zur textlich-musikalischen Konzeption
Authors: Breig Werner
Published: September 2020

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Zum gegenwärtigen Stand der Schütz-Biographik
Authors: Steude Wolfram
Published: September 2020

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Eine hypothetische Frühfassung von Schütz' geistlichem Konzert "Siehe, es erschien der Engel des Herren" SWV 403: Ein Beitrag zum Thema "Analyse und Werkgeschichte"
Authors: Breig Werner
Published: September 2020

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Überlegungen zur Schütz-Rezeption
Authors: Krummacher Friedhelm
Published: September 2020

Der Versuch, die Rezeption der Kompositionen von Heinrich Schütz als historisches Kontinuum darzustellen, wäre aller Wahrscheinlichkeit nach zum Scheitern verurteilt. Denn seine Position und Bedeutung in der Rezeptionsgeschichte kann sich keinesfalls mit dem zu Lebzeiten erreichten Ansehen seiner Person messen. Erst seit einiger Zeit beginnt sich die Wiederentdeckung seiner Werke, die im 19. Jahrhundert begann, einem größeren Publikum zu erschließen. Nichtsdestotrotz kann die Geschichte der Schütz-Studien als Gradmesser für eine historische Rezeption genutzt werden, die eher auf qualitatives Urteil als auf Massenrezeption gestützt scheint. (Übersetzung)
An attempt to discuss the reception of Schütz's music as a historical continuum would stand little chance of success. The appreciation Schütz attained in his own lifetime was by no means matched by a historical impact measurable in reception history. In addition, the gradual rediscovery of his art since the 19th c. has only recently reached a larger public. Nevertheless, the history of Schütz scholarship may be used as a yardstick for measuring a reception history based on quality of judgment rather than quantity of responses. (Quelle: RILM)
Bemerkungen zur Schütz-Rezeption im 17. Jahrhundert am Beispiel der "Breslauer Varianten" der Auferstehungshistorie SWV 50
Authors: Herrmann Matthias
Published: September 2020

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Heinrich Schütz's Passions and Historiae in editions of the late 19th and early 20th centuries
Authors: Robinson Ray
Published: September 2020

Obwohl bereits 1834 Carl von Winterfeld in seiner wegweisenden Gabrieli-Monographie eine eingehende Darstellung von Schütz‘ Leben und Werk gegeben hatte, wurde ein klares Verständnis des Komponisten Heinrisch Schütz noch lange Zeit durch die Editionsverfahren der verfügbaren Neuausgaben erschwert. Dieser Tatbestand ist nirgends so deutlich zu beobachten wie bei der Auferstehungs-Historie (SWV 50), der Weihnachts-Historie (SWV 435), den Sieben Worten Jesu am Kreuz (SWV 478) und den drei Passionen (SWV 479-481). Der Beitrag beschreibt und analysiert die frühen Werkeditionen und versucht, sie als Zeugnisse des Schütz-Verständnisses ihrer Entstehungszeit zu interpretieren. (Quelle: Vorlage)
Zum Tonartenverständnis der deutschen Musiktheorie in der ersten Hälfte des 17. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Werbeck Walter
Published: September 2020

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Toni und Modi und ihre Bedeutung für Schütz' Harmonik
Authors: Linfield Eva
Published: September 2020

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Trompeterchor und Sprachvertonung bei Heinrich Schütz
Authors: Schmid Manfred Hermann
Published: September 2020

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Schütziana in Chemnitz, Freiberg und Schneeberg
Authors: Möller Eberhard
Published: September 2020

Verschiedene auf Heinrich Schütz bezogene Dokumente aus Chemnitz, Freiberg und Schneeberg werden vorgestellt, darunter mehrere Musikinventare von Kirchenchören. Daneben wird weiteren Spuren nachgegangen, die Schütz und seine Musik in den drei Städten hinterlassen haben. (Übersetzung)
This paper presents a number of documents pertaining to Heinrich Schütz from the towns of Chemnitz, Freiberg and Schneeberg in western Saxony, including music inventories of church choirs. The author has also pursued other traces left on the three towns by Schütz and his music. (Quelle: Vorlage)
Bericht über neue Schütz-Quellen
Authors: Watty Adolf
Published: September 2020

Vier neue Schütz-Quellen werden einer Betrachtung unterzogen: (1) ein Regensburger Manuskript von Meister („Wir haben die ganze Nacht gearbeitet“ SWV 317, wohl eine frühe Version des Werks); (2) drei Intavolierungen von Stücken aus den „Psalmen Davids“ (SWV 22, 24, 37) in Daniel Schmidts Tabulatur von 1676; (3) eine italienische Edition des Osterdialogs „Weib, was weinest du“ SWV 443 von ca. 1609, sowie (4) eine handschriftliche lateinische Version des „Vater unser“ SWV 411 (Santini Sammlund am Bischöflichen Diözesanarchiv Münster). (Übersetzung, Quelle englisches Original: Autor / RILM)
Heinrich Schütz und die Musica poetica
Authors: Forchert Arno
Published: September 2020

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Schütz' "Musicalische Exequien". Die kompositorische Disposition der "Sarginschriften" und ihr liturgischer Kontext
Authors: Henze-Döhring Sabine
Published: September 2020

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Zur Vorgeschichte zweier Werke von Heinrich Schütz : "Ist nicht Ephraim mein teurer Sohn" (SWV 40) und "Siehe, dieser wird gesetzt zu einem Fall" (SWV 410)
Authors: Breig Werner
Published: September 2020

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Zur Geschichte der Heinrich-Schütz-Gesellschaft
Authors: Forchert Arno
Published: September 2020

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Zur deutschen Schützpflege zwischen 1956 und 1995
Authors: Steude Wolfram
Published: September 2020

Der Vortrag vermittelt eine Vorstellung vom Wandel des Schütz-Musizierens im deutschen Sprachraum zwischen 1956 und heute. Anhand von Einspielungen unter Rudolf Mauersberger, Wilhelm Ehmann, Heinz Hennig, Hanns-Martin Schneidt und Frieder Bernius werden Etappen des Weges vom neutralen, abgehoben-feierlichen Schütz-Musizieren zu jenem heute normativen Musizieren gekennzeichnet, das unter Berücksichtigung der historischen Aufführungsgegebenheiten auf das jeweilige Werk direkt und konkret eingeht. Die im Notenanhang abgedruckte Rekonstruktion der nicht erhaltenen  zur Schützschen  durch den Autor verdeutlicht, daß die vertiefte Einsicht in die Musik Schützens und seines Jahrhunderts nicht nur zu einer anderen Musizierpraxis führt, sondern auch zu anderen Rekonstruktionen von Werkfragmenten, wo solche noch möglich sind. (Autor)
Jacob Praetorius - ein Meister des instrumentalen Kontrapunkts
Authors: Belotti Michael
Published: September 2020

Der Hamburger Organist Jacob Praetorius (1586-1651), Sohn des Hieronymus Praetorius und Schüler Jan Pieterszoon Sweelincks, genoß bei seinen Zeitgenossen hohen Ruhm als Spieler und Komponist. Wegen seiner profunden Kenntnis des Kontrapunkts wählte ihn Heinrich Schütz zum Lehrer für seinen Zögling Matthias Weckmann. Der Aufsatz versucht, anhand der überlieferten Orgelkompositionen die Stellung Praetorius' im Kontext der norddeutschen Orgelmusik zu bestimmen. Dabei werden besonders die Magnificat-Bearbeitungen, die 1964 in einer fragmentarischen Tabulaturhandschrift auf Schloß Clausholm (Dänemark) gefunden wurden, herangezogen. (Autor)