bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of spatial and temporal contributions of rainfalls to flash floods using neural network modelling: case study on the Lez Basin (Southern France)
Authors: Darras T. , Borrell Estupina V. , Kong-A-Siou L. , Vayssade B. , Johannet A. , Pistre S.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. Flash floods pose significant hazards in urbanised zones and have important human and financial implications in both the present and future due to the likelihood that global climate change will exacerbate their consequences. It is thus of crucial importance to better model these phenomena especially when they occur in heterogeneous and karst basins where they are difficult to describe physically. Toward this goal, this paper applies a recent methodology (KnoX methodology) dedicated to extracting knowledge from a neural network model to better determine the contributions and time responses of several well-identified geographic zones of an aquifer. To assess the interest of this methodology, a case study was conducted in Southern France: the Lez hydrosystem whose river crosses the conurbation of Montpellier (400 000 inhabitants). Rainfall contributions and time transfers were estimated and analysed in four geologically-delimited zones to estimate the sensitivity of flash floods to water coming from the surface or karst. The Causse de Viol-le-Fort is shown to be the main contributor to flash floods and the delay between surface and underground flooding is estimated to be three hours. This study will thus help operational flood warning services to better characterise critical rainfall and develop measurements to design efficient flood forecasting models. This generic method can be applied to any basin with sufficient rainfall–runoff measurements.
Secondary lahar hazard assessment for Villa la Angostura, Argentina, using Two-Phase-Titan modelling code during 2011 Cordón Caulle eruption
Authors: Córdoba G. , Villarosa G. , Sheridan M. F. , Viramonte J. G. , Beigt D. , Salmuni G.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. This paper presents the results of lahar modelling in the town of Villa La Angostura (Neuquén-Argentina) based on the Two-Phase-Titan modelling computer code. The purpose of this exercise is to provide decision makers with a useful tool to assess lahar hazard during the 2011 Puyehue-Cordón Caulle Volcanic Complex eruption. The possible occurrence of lahars mobilized from recent ash falls that could reach the city was analysed. The performance of the Two-Phase-Titan model using 15 m resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) developed from optical satellite images and from radar satellite images was evaluated. The output of these modellings showed inconsistencies that, based on field observations, were attributed to bad adjustment of the DEMs to real topography. Further testing of results using more accurate radar-based 10 m DEM, provided more realistic predictions. This procedure allowed us to simulate the path of flows from Florencia, Las Piedritas and Colorado creeks, which are the most hazardous streams for debris flows in Villa La Angostura. The output of the modelling is a valuable tool for city planning and risk management especially considering the glacial geomorphic features of the region, the strong urban development growth and the land occupation that has occurred in the last decade in Villa La Angostura and its surroundings.
Familial aggregation of mandibular prognathism
Authors: Lee April , Yang Chris
Published: April 2015

Mandibular prognathism is a hereditary condition where there is an excess growth of the mandible in relation to the maxilla that can be associated with maxillary retrusion, mandibular protrusion, or both. Skeletal mandibular prognathism is most prevalent in Eastern Asian populations. This paper focuses on a Korean family with skeletal mandibular prognathism that was inherited through three generations. Apparently, neither mandible nor maxilla is retruded in the affected individuals, but there is a concave facial profile. The dentition has a class I occlusion with skeletal mandibular prognathism, and the only way to treat this case would be orthognathic surgery with the help of orthodontic appliances.
Mecanismos de governação: o arbítrio e os costumes no processo de desenvolvimento da técnica legislativa portuguesa em relação às colônias brasileiras nos séculos XVI e XVII.
Authors: Proatti Elaine Godoy
Published: April 2015

Apresentarei as tensões e acomodações entre as leis régias e os costumes presentes na América portuguesa no século XVI e metade do XVII, identificados na análise dos “Regimentos e Instruções para o Brasil” e nos primeiros Autos de Correições de Ouvidores Gerais do Rio de Janeiro.Procurarei mostrar como os costumes e o arbítrio dos juízes, na interpretação das leis régias, constituíram-se em mecanismos de governação que tornaram possíveis a construção e o funcionamento da sociedade na América portuguesa.
Aspectos da modernidade curitibana através das revistas ilustradas no início do século XX: O caso da revista A BOMBA
Authors: Krachenski Naiara
Published: April 2015

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar os discursos da modernidade presentes na revista ilustrada A Bomba que circulou na cidade de Curitiba em 1913. Tentaremos relacionar o contexto de modernização da cidade - com a construção de locais de lazer, a vinda do automóvel e do cinematógrafo e as políticas de urbanização da cidade - com as visões dos escritores e ilustradores da revista sob os aspectos cotidianos, bem como avaliar como a vida na cidade modificava a percepção dos indivíduos e como se dava sua relação com um ambiente urbano que se modificava, ainda que timidamente.
PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS E CRESCIMENTO INICIAL EM CAMPO DE Enterolobium contortisiliquum PRODUZIDAS EM DIFERENTES RECIPIENTES
Authors: Abreu Alan Henrique Marques , Leles Paulo Sergio Santos , Melo Lucas Amaral , Ferreira Dereck Halley Antony Alves , Monteiro Flávio Augusto Santos
Published: April 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a qualidade de mudas de Enterolobium contortisiliquum produzidas em sacos plásticos de 1.248 cm³, tubetes de 280 cm³ e tubetes de 180 cm³, e posteriormente avaliar a sobrevivência e o crescimento pós-plantio. Na fase de viveiro, todos os recipientes produziram mudas de qualidade, com destaque para as produzidas nos sacos plásticos. Na fase de campo, as plantas oriundas de saco plástico e de tubete 280 cm³ apresentaram 100% de sobrevivência, enquanto as de tubete de 180 cm³ apresentaram apenas 58%. Apesar de as mudas produzidas em sacos plásticos apresentarem maiores medidas na época de plantio, constatou-se que essa diferença tende a diminuir ou desaparecer com o tempo, pois as mudas produzidas nos tubetes apresentaram maior crescimento relativo. Para produção de mudas de Enterolobium contortisiliquum, podem-se utilizar sacos plásticos com capacidade 1.248 cm³ ou tubetes de 280 cm3.Palavras-chave: Tubetes; sacos plásticos; orelha-de-negro. AbstractSeedlings production and initial growth in fields of Enterolobium contortisiliquum produced in different containers. This research aims to verify the quality of Enterolobium contortisiliquum seedlings produced in plastic bags of 1.248 cm³, tubes of 280 cm³, and tubes of 180 cm³, as well as evaluate their survival and growth after planting. In nursery stage, all containers resulted in quality seedlings, especially those produced in plastic bags. In field phase, plants from plastic bag and tubes 280 cm³ had 100% survival, while to the ones from tube of 180 cm ³ survival was only 58%. Despite seedlings produced in plastic bags present greatest measures in planting season, such difference tends to disappear in time, because the seedlings grown in tubes had higher relative growth. We recommend plastic bags of 1.248 cm³ and tubes of 280 cm³.Keywords: Tubes; plastic bags; orelha-de-negro.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA PRODUÇÃO DE PEQUI EM JAPONVAR, MG
Authors: Afonso Sandra Regina , Angelo Humberto , De Almeida Alexandre Nascimento
Published: April 2015

A utilização de produtos florestais não madeireiros vem sendo amplamente discutida como uma importante estratégia para o desenvolvimento sustentável local e a conservação ambiental, na medida em que a sua produção contribui para a organização comunitária, gera renda às comunidades envolvidas e estimula a manutenção da biodiversidade. A partir da experiência da Cooperativa de Produtores Rurais e Catadores de Pequi de Japonvar (COOPERJAP), Minas Gerais, Brasil, desenvolve-se estudo sobre a importância da atividade na geração de trabalho, renda, capacitação e organização comunitária. A utilização do pequi acarreta ainda a inclusão da questão ambiental na discussão pública. Os resultados indicaram uma grande importância socioeconômica da atividade para a região, fortalecendo a cooperativa em estudo, gerando renda e oportunidade de emprego para a população jovem.Palavras-chave: Caryocar brasiliense; economia florestal; desenvolvimento regional. AbstractCharacterization of Pequi production from Japonvar, MG. The use of non timber forest products has been widely discussed as an important strategy for local sustainable development and environmental conservation, to the extent that their production contributes to community organization, generates income for the communities involved and encourages the maintenance of biodiversity. The Cooperative of Agricultural Producers and Collectors of Pequi of Japonvar (COOPERJAP), Minas Gerais, Brazil, develops researches on the importance of the activity in generating jobs, income, training and community organization. The use of pequis still results in the inclusion of environmental issues in the public discussion. The results indicated a great socio-economic importance of the activity for the region, strengthening the cooperative, generating income and employment opportunities for young people.Keywords: Caryocar brasiliense; forest economy; regional development.
GROWTH AND MINERAL NUTRITION IN SEEDLINGS OF JACARANDÁ-DA-BAHIA SUBJECTED TO NUTRIENT DEPRIVATION
Authors: Carlos Leandro , Venturin Nelson , Farias Elias De Sá , Venturin Regis Pereira , Macedo Renato Luiz Grisi
Published: April 2015

AbstractWith the objective of evaluating the nutritional requirements and the effects of nutrient deprivation in developing of Jacarandá da Bahia seedlings (Dalbergia nigra (Vellozo) Freire Allemao ex Bentham), a greenhouse experiment was conducted. The experiment had fully randomized design, with 12 treatments and 8 replications. The following treatments were applied: Complete 1 (C1-fertilized with N, P, K, S, B, Cu, Zn and liming as Ca and Mg sources), complete 2 (Complete 1 – liming with CaSO4.2H2O and MgSO4.7H2O as Ca and Mg sources), C1-N, C1-P, C1-K, C1-S, C1-B, C1-Zn, C1-liming, C2-Ca, C2-Mg and control. Diameter and height were measured and plants were separated into aerial part and root system. Samples were dried, weighed and levels of nutrients in the aerial dry matter were measured. Phosphorus was the most growth limiting factor, the sequence of nutritional requirements presented by Jacarandá da Bahia seedlings in relation to the complete treatment was: P > Ca > B > K > S > Zn > Mg > N.Keywords: Missing element; Dalbergia nigra; rainforest; hardwood. ResumoCrescimento e nutrição mineral de mudas de jacarandá-da-bahia sob efeito da omissão de nutrientes. Com o objetivo de avaliar exigências nutricionais e os efeitos da omissão de nutrientes no desenvolvimento de mudas de Jacarandá da Bahia (Dalbergia nigra (Vellozo) Freire Allemao ex Bentham), conduziu-se um experimento com o uso da técnica de elemento faltante. Foram empregados 12 tratamentos, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com oito repetições. Adotaram-se os seguintes tratamentos: Completo 1 (adubado com N, P, K, S, B, Cu, Zn e calagem como fonte de Ca e Mg e corrigindo acidez do solo), completo 2 (completo 1 – calagem tendo CaSO4.2H2O e MgSO4.7H2O como fontes de Ca e Mg sem corrigir acidez do solo), C1-N, C1-P, C1-K, C1-S, C1-B, C1-Zn, C1-calagem, C2-Ca, C2-Mg e testemunha. Foram medidos diâmetro e altura das plantas e separadas em parte aérea e sistema radicular. As mudas foram secas, pesadas e foram determinados os teores de nutrientes na matéria seca da parte aérea. O fósforo foi o nutriente mais limitante ao crescimento de jacarandá da Bahia; a sequência de exigência nutricional apresentada pelas mudas de Jacarandá da Bahia em relação ao tratamento completo em ordem decrescente foi: P > Ca > B > K > S > Zn > Mg > N.Palavras-chave: Elemento faltante; Dalbergia nigra; Mata Atlântica; Madeira nobre.
SISTEMA DE MEDIÇÃO DE PERFORMANCE PARA O CONTROLE DE PLANTAS INVASORAS EM PLANTAÇÕES FLORESTAIS
Authors: Soares Philipe Ricardo Casemiro , Timofeiczyk Junior Romano , Da Silva João Carlos Garzel Leodoro , Milan Marcos
Published: April 2015

Este trabalho objetivou a determinação de indicadores de desempenho (IDs) para a atividade de controle de plantas invasoras em plantações florestais. Para isso, tomaram-se como base as exigências de uma empresa atuante no segmento de celulose e papel, convertendo-as em um sistema de medição de performance, utilizando adaptações nas metodologias Desdobramento da Função Qualidade (QFD) e Balanced Scorecard (BSC). Foram definidos 19 indicadores de desempenho em cinco diferentes perspectivas: financeira; clientes; processos internos; aprendizado e crescimento; e não mercado. Destes, os indicadores que obtiveram maior peso foram dosagem de herbicida, condições dos equipamentos de aplicação, treinamento dos colaboradores e custo da qualidade relacionado à prevenção. Além disso, no geral os IDs apresentaram correlação positiva, em diferentes intensidades, indicando que melhorias em um grupo de indicadores podem influenciar positivamente os demais.Palavras-chave:  Indicadores de desempenho; balanced scorecard; desdobramento da função qualidade. AbstractPerformance measurement system for weed control in forestry. This research aimed to determine performance indicators (PIs) for the activity of weed control in forest plantations. In order to that, the requirements of a company that act in the pulp and paper segment were converted into a performance measurement system, using adaptations of Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and Balanced Scorecard (BSC). We defined nineteen performance indicators in five different perspectives: financial; customer; internal process; learning and growth; and non-market. The indicators with the greatest weight were dose of herbicide, conditions of application equipment, training and quality costs related to prevention. Furthermore, in general, the PIs were positively correlated in different intensities, indicating that improvements in a group of indicators can influence others.Keywords: Performance indicators; balance scorecard; quality function deployment.
USE OF SUGARCANE BAGASSE AND CANDEIA WASTE FOR SOLID BIOFUELS PRODUCTION
Authors: Brasil Daniel Sielawa , Martins Mariana Provedel , Nakashima Gabriela Tami , Yamaji Fabio Minoru
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe use of agroforestry residues as an energy source acts as an alternative to conventional fossil fuels like petroleum and coal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the energy recovery of candeia sawdust and sugarcane bagasse wastes in the preparation of blends for the production of briquettes. Residues characterization took place by their size classification, proximate analysis and calorific value. Six treatments were applied: T1 (100% cane bagasse), T2 (90% cane bagasse + 10% candeia), T3 (75% cane bagasse + 25% candeia), T4 (50% cane bagasse + 50% candeia), T5 (25% cane bagasse + 75% candeia) and T6 (100% candeia sawdust). Briquettes were assessed by their density, dimensional stability and mechanical strength. It was observed that the higher the proportion of candeia sawdust in the treatment, the lower the volumetric expansion of the briquettes and the larger their mechanical strength. Results indicated that the mixture of sugarcane bagasse and candeia sawdust wastes in the blends was an efficient alternative to overcome the problems related to the high hygroscopicity and low durability of briquettes made using only sugarcane bagasse, thus allowing production of stable and resistant briquettes in all the studied treatments.Keywords: Biofuel; biomass; wastes; briquettes. ResumoAproveitamento de resíduos de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e candeia para a produção de biocombustíveis sólidos. A utilização de resíduos agroflorestais como fonte de energia funciona como uma alternativa aos combustíveis fósseis convencionais como o petróleo e o carvão mineral. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o aproveitamento energético dos resíduos de serragem de candeia e bagaço de cana-de-açúcar na confecção de blendas para produção de briquetes. Os resíduos foram caracterizados a partir de sua classificação granulométrica, análise imediata e poder calorífico. Foram realizados seis tratamentos: T1 (100% bagaço de cana), T2 (90% bagaço de cana + 10% candeia), T3 (75% bagaço de cana + 25% candeia), T4 (50% bagaço de cana + 50% candeia), T5 (25% bagaço de cana + 75% candeia) e T6 (100% serragem de candeia). Os briquetes foram avaliados quanto a sua densidade, estabilidade dimensional e resistência mecânica. Observou-se que quanto maior a proporção de serragem de candeia nos tratamentos, menor foi a expansão volumétrica dos briquetes e maior foi a sua resistência mecânica. Os resultados indicaram que o uso das blendas foi uma alternativa eficiente para contornar os problemas relacionados à alta higroscopicidade e à baixa durabilidade dos briquetes confeccionados apenas com o bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, permitindo assim a obtenção de briquetes estáveis e resistentes para todos os tratamentos testados.Palavras-chave: Biocombustível; biomassa; resíduos; briquetes.
SEMANTICS AND LEGAL INTERPRETATION: AN APPROACH FROM A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE VALUE OF EMBRYONIC LIFE UNDER THE ARGENTINE AND U.S. CONSTITUTIONAL CASE LAW
Authors: Zambrano María del Pilar , Sacristán Estela B.
Published: April 2015

The paper analyzes the issue of legal interpretation of the Constitution in the light of a comparative approach between the case law of Argentina and the United States about the value attributed to embryonic life.
LA JURISPRUDENCIA DE LA CORTE INTERAMERICANA DE DERECHOS HUMANOS EN LA PERSPECTIVA DEL DERECHO ADMINISTRATIVO. ESPECIAL REFERENCIA AL CASO GELMAN VS. URUGUAY
Authors: Durán Martínez Augusto
Published: April 2015

Este estudio analiza el tema de los derechos a la tutela jurisdiccional efectiva y al debido proceso en el procedimiento administrativo a la luz de la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. El trabajo utiliza como objeto principal de reflexión el caso Gelman vs. Uruguay.
Short-term and long-term effects of weed control and fertilization on growth and wood anatomy of a Populus deltoides clone
Authors: Monteoliva Silvia Estela , Villegas† María Silvina , Achinelli Fabio Germán
Published: April 2015

Aims of study: The short- and long-term effects of weed control and fertilization on growth and wood anatomy of 10-y-old Populus deltoides were investigated. Weed control and fertilization usually leads to an increase the growth rate of trees, and consequently, a possible modification in the quality of produced wood.Area of study: We analyzed trees from an experimental plantation in Buenos Aires, Argentina (34°50’ S Lat; 60°30’ W Long).Methods: 32 trees from three treatments: mechanical weed control (M), chemical and mechanical weed control (CHM) and fertilized plus chemical and mechanical weed control (CHM-F) were analyzed. Basal area, fibre morphology, cell wall area and vessel size were measured in the growth ring 1, 3 and 10.Results: differences on wood anatomy among treatments were mainly observed at the third year (short-term effect). Long-term negative effects were not observed. Fertilized trees had greater proportion and quality of wood closer to pith.Research highlights: fibre and vessel differences seen in CHM and CHM-F compared to controls in year 3 could be interpreted as evidence of maturation in cambial development (thicker, longer and wider fibres and greater vessels). The CHM-F treatment had a greater proportion of wood that showed characteristics of more mature wood.Key words: silvicultural treatment; wood quality; fibre properties; vessels; poplar; cambial maturity.
The distribution of fine root length density for six artificial afforestation tree species in Loess Plateau of Northwest China
Authors: Jian Shengqi , Zhao Chuanyan , Fang Shumin , Yu Kai
Published: April 2015

Aim of the study: Data about the distribution of fine root length density (FRLD) is important to understand the ecophysiology of vegetation. This is particularly true when models are applied to describe ecohydrology and vegetation function. However, there is yet limited knowledge of root distributions in semi－arid regions. The aim of this study is to investigate the distribution of fine roots for six typical afforestation tree species in Loess Plateau and its relationships with soil environmental factors.Area of study: Loess Plateau (NW of China).Material and methods: We quantified the fine root length density distribution of six typical afforestation tree species by soil core method, and the soil properties also were investigated.Main results: More than 50% of fine root length was concentrated at depths between 0 and 40 cm in vertical direction. In horizontal direction, most of fine roots concentrated near the trunk. Results showed a significant negative correlation between vertical distribution of FRLD and soil water content, a positive correlation between FRLD and organic matter and total N is significant, and a negative correlation with bulk density. No relationships were found with total C and particle size distribution in any soil layer for the six tree species. Stepwise multiple linear regression confirmed that changes in different soil properties significantly affected the variation in FRLD for each tree species, total N had strong and positive relationships with FRLD.Research highlights: These measurements provide valuable data for modelling of ecosystem water use and productivity.Keywords: Anjiapo catchment; Core method; Root distribution; Soil moisture; Soil properties.
Criteria and indicators for sustainable forestry under Mediterranean conditions applicable in Spain at the forest management unit scale
Authors: Valls-Donderis Pablo , Vallés María C. , Galiana Francisco
Published: April 2015

Aim of study: to identify criteria and indicators (C&I) of sustainable forest management (SFM) under Mediterranean conditions. The indicators are meant to monitor changes in the provision of ecosystem services at a local scale (forest management unit, FMU). We support that if a forest provides a bundle of ecosystem services its management can be considered sustainable; thus, we adjust C&I to an ecosystem services classification.Area of study: La Hunde y La Palomera, a public FMU in the region of Valencia (east of Spain), 100km southwest of the city of Valencia.Material and methods: first, a literature review of the following themes took part: SFM, features of Mediterranean forests, ecosystem services and C&I. Some C&I were proposed and, later on, a participatory process in Ayora, the municipality where the mentioned FMU is located, was carried out with different stakeholders (forestry professionals, users for recreation, hunters, environmentalists and professionals of cultural and rural development activities) in order for them to value the C&I proposed according to their management preferences for La Hunde y La Palomera.Research highlights:-          15 criteria and 133 indicators were identified: a balance has been achieved among economic, social and ecological concerns.-          People value the ecological issues associated to forestry on top and the economic ones at the bottom.-          Results suggest that SFM under Mediterranean conditions is based on more than one product and on the provision of several ecosystem services.Keywords: Sustainable forest management; ecosystem services; local scale, literature review, participation.
Point processes statistics of stable isotopes: analysing water uptake patterns in a mixed stand of Aleppo pine and Holm oak
Authors: Comas Carles , Del Castillo Jorge , Voltas Jordi , Ferrio Juan Pedro
Published: April 2015

Aim of study: Understanding inter- and intra-specific competition for water is crucial in drought-prone environments. However, little is known about the spatial interdependencies for water uptake among individuals in mixed stands. The aim of this work was to compare water uptake patterns during a drought episode in two common Mediterranean tree species, Quercus ilex L. and Pinus halepensis Mill., using the isotope composition of xylem water (δ18O, δ2H) as hydrological marker.Area of study: The study was performed in a mixed stand, sampling a total of 33 oaks and 78 pines (plot area= 888 m2). We tested the hypothesis that both species uptake water differentially along the soil profile, thus showing different levels of tree-to-tree interdependency, depending on whether neighbouring trees belong to one species or the other.Material and Methods: We used pair-correlation functions to study intra-specific point-tree configurations and the bivariate pair correlation function to analyse the inter-specific spatial configuration. Moreover, the isotopic composition of xylem water was analysed as a mark point pattern.Main results: Values for Q. ilex (δ18O= -5.3 ±0.2‰, δ2H=-54.3±0.7‰) were significantly lower than for P. halepensis (δ18O= -1.2±0.2‰, δ2H = -25.1±0.8‰), pointing to a greater contribution of deeper soil layers for water uptake by Q. ilex. Research highlights: Point-process analyses revealed spatial intra-specific dependencies among neighbouring pines, showing neither oak-oak nor oak-pine interactions. This supports niche segregation for water uptake between the two species.Key words: Cross-pair correlation function; Deuterium; Mark correlation function; Oxygen-18; Point patterns; Xylem.Abbreviations: d18O, oxygen isotope composition; d2H, hydrogen isotope composition; BA, basal area.
CHARAKTERISTIKA ANOMÁLNÍHO SKAPU V PUNKEVNÍCH JESKYNÍCH (MORAVSKÝ KRAS)
Authors: Pracný Pavel , Faimon Jiří , Kabelka Ludvík
Published: April 2015

Cave speleothems grow from supersaturated dripwaters and store information about various karst processes along the water flow path. Anomalous non-saturated waters may occur if (1) rainfall water passes very rapidly through karst profile or if (2) two saturated waters of different compositions are mixed. The low mineralization close to saturation could be reached also as (3) result of calcite precipitating prior the water enters the cave. The hydrogeochemistry of four dripwaters in the Punkva Caves (Moravian Karst) was systematically studied for anomalous properties during one-year period. The drips are situated in a passage behind Přední Dóm Chamber (CP1 and CP2, 24 samples each), in Tunnel Corridor (TC1, 24 samples), and in Zadní Dóm Chamber (ZD1, 6 samples). The dripwaters CP1, CP2, and ZD1 show various flow regimes but very similar hydrogeochemical properties: electric conductivity (EC = 550–630 μS/cm), saturation (SIcalcite = 0.8–1.2), and Mg/Ca ratio (1000*(Mg/Ca) = 15–20). In contrast, the dripwater TC1 shows stable drip rate and EC = 275–350 μS/cm, SI = -0.1 to 0.3, and almost thrice as high Mg/Ca ratios as other drips. High and stable discharge of the drip TC1, combined with low EC, SI close to zero, and high Mg/Ca ratio indicate that a prior precipitation of calcite is responsible for the anomalous composition of the dripwater. The slightly negative SI values that were occasionally observed indicate that further minor processes probably participate on the water formation.
LITOFACIÁLNÍ ANALÝZA BÁZE HRADECKO-KYJOVICKÉHO SOUVRSTVÍ (NÍZKÝ JESENÍK, MORAVSKOSLEZSKÁ JEDNOTKA ČESKÉHO MASIVU)
Authors: Novák Aleš , Lehotský Tomáš
Published: April 2015

A detailed field facies and ichnofacies analysis undertaken in the eastern part of the Nízký Jesník Mts. revealed that the basal part of Hradec-Kyjovice Formation of Upper Viséan age corresponded to coarse-grained siliciclastic turbidite system. Research was focused on detailed measurement of fifteen outcrops in the area. The formation was deposited in deep water environmental of the foreland basin by sediment gravity flows. Five facies were identified in the Hradec Member of the Hradec-Kyjovice Formation: conglomerate facies, pebble to coarse grained sandstone facies, coarse grained sandstone facies, sandstone-siltstone facies and the muddy siltstone facies. The conglomerate facies, pebble to coarse grained sandstone facies and coarse grained sandstone facies represent proximal, coarse grained channel deposits of high-density turbidite currents. The sandstone-siltstone sediments consist of a variety of turbidites deposites in lobes and interchannel environments. The muddy siltstone facies were deposited in interchannel environments by lowdensity turbidite currents. Some depositional lobes contain trace fossils of the Nereites ichnofacies. Sedimentary record of the basal parts of the Hradec-Kyjovice Formation indicates a Late Viséan a change in the development of Culm basin in Upper Viséan and beginning of new sedimentary cycle of sedimentation governed presumably by a compressional tectonic pulse.
PODMÍNKY VZNIKU MOČOVÝCH KAMENŮ
Authors: Ambrožová Vendula , Zeman Josef
Published: April 2015

Urinary stones are generally products of pathological crystallization in the urinary tract. Their formation is influenced by many factors, such as genetic predisposition, age, stress, working environment or climate. They consist mainly of calcium oxalates and calcium phosphates. Formation of urinal stones was studied experimentally in laboratory. Solutions supersaturated with respect to the calcium oxalates and calcium phosphates were prepared by mixing stock solutions containing appropriate components (calcium, phosphate and oxalate ions). To simulate the conditions of urinary stones formation in real human urine the pH value of the solutions was adjusted with HCl and NaOH in the rage of 4.0 to 8.5 (pH range of normal human urine). After precipitation of solids, the solutions were sampled and analysed. Thermodynamic models were created to predict the theoretical conditions of urinary calculi formation. The results indicate that pH of solutions directly affects the aqueous speciation and, consequently, the formation of stones in the urinary tract. The comparison of results with human urine composition showed that urine of healthy human can contain higher amount of dissolved phosphates, oxalates or calcium substances than amount necessary for stones formation, but it may not lead to creation of urinary stones.
Analyser la violence structurelle faite aux femmes à partir d’une perspective féministe intersectionnelle
Authors: Flynn Catherine , Damant Dominique , Bernard Jeanne
Published: April 2015

Cet article porte sur la pertinence d’analyser la violence structurelle faite aux femmes à partir d’une perspective féministe intersectionnelle. Après avoir étudié l’évolution du concept de violence structurelle, il présente diverses perspectives de l’étude de la domination et les principaux concepts et postulats au coeur du féminisme intersectionnel. Finalement, le texte montre que cette perspective d’analyse amène un regard renouvelé dans la façon de s’intéresser à la violence structurelle vécue par les femmes.
La pertinence de Hall pour l’étude de l’intersectionnalité1
Authors: Bilge Sirma
Published: April 2015

La recherche intersectionnelle expose avec force les limites des approches additives et multiplicatives pour appréhender l’architecture complexe du pouvoir. Cependant, au chapitre de la théorisation des liens entre divers éléments formant cette architecture, la réflexion gagnerait à être poursuivie et complexifiée. À cette fin, l’article mobilise l’oeuvre de Stuart Hall et identifie et discute deux voies fécondes pour l’approfondissement et le renouvellement des problématiques théoriques intersectionnelles. Il propose : 1. de combiner la théorie hallienne de l’articulation entre différentes instances (économique / juridico-politique / idéologique) à la prémisse intersectionnelle de co-constitution de différents opérateurs de pouvoir (race / classe / genre) pour une théorisation plus complexe du pouvoir; et 2. de s’inspirer de la théorisation hallienne de la conjoncture pour éviter l’écueil d’une intersectionnalité à application universelle et saisir les conditions géohistoriques spécifiques sous lesquelles articulations (économique / juridico-politique / idéologique) et intersections (race / classe / genre) se forment et forment une unité complexe différenciée, une « structure articulée à dominante », quoique contingente.
Les stéréotypes à l’égard des gais et lesbiennes
Authors: Chamberland Line , Théroux-Séguin Julie
Published: April 2015

Cet article réexamine des données qualitatives tirées d’une étude portant sur les processus de marginalisation opérant sur la base de l’orientation sexuelle en milieu de travail. L’analyse des stéréotypes à l’égard des gais et lesbiennes fait ressortir la porosité de la ligne de démarcation entre des propos qui peuvent être considérés comme relevant soit de l’homophobie et de l’hétérosexisme, soit du sexisme. Tout en constatant l’impossibilité de dissocier analytiquement les représentations sociales de la sexualité et celles du genre, l’article adopte une approche intersectionnelle pour mettre en lumière les mécanismes interconnectés de construction de la normativité sexuelle et de genre en milieu de travail.
Intersectionnalité, féminismes et masculinités
Authors: Hartog Guitté , Sosa-Sánchez Itzel A.
Published: April 2015

Pour mieux comprendre plusieurs rapports sociaux de domination, l’article propose un ensemble de réflexions critiques sur les études des masculinités à partir de l’approche intersectionnelle. Par leur projet de justice sociale, les études féministes sur les masculinités remettent en question la domination masculine ainsi que d’autres formes d’oppression. En interpellant les relations de pouvoir dans la construction des connaissances sur les rapports de domination, nous explorons les points de convergence et de tension dans les processus de compréhension de l’inclusion et l’exclusion sociale. En guise d’alternative, nous proposons des exemples de contributions de connaissances élaborées à partir de la marge, de la diversité, et de l’exclu.
Heurs et malheurs de la lutte contre une pratique sexiste racisée
Authors: Lemercier 1 Élise
Published: April 2015

En France, l’excision a été reconnue comme une mutilation pénalement répréhensible en 1983. Cet article se propose d’analyser les formes prises par la lutte contre l’excision en France à travers la mobilisation de médiatrices interculturelles. À quelles difficultés et contraintes doivent faire face les actrices et les acteurs de la lutte contre l’excision en France? À l’imbrication des rapports ethniques et de genre, les femmes des groupes ethniques pratiquant l’excision se trouvent souvent face à des injonctions paradoxales entre dénonciations du sexisme de leur groupe (au risque de renforcer le racisme) ou dénonciations du racisme (au risque de renforcer le sexisme). Toutefois, loin d’être sans ressource, les femmes étudiées développent des formes de contournements, voire de résistances à ces injonctions paradoxales à l’intersection des rapports sociaux.
Et si la dette privée était un problème de société?
Authors: Perez-Roa Lorena
Published: April 2015

Cet article propose une analyse critique de deux thèses populaires à partir desquelles s’articule la réponse à la question « pourquoi les individus s’endettent-ils au-delà de leurs moyens? », à savoir, la thèse du surendettement comme une des conséquences de comportements irresponsables, et la thèse du surendettement par accident, à partir d’une approche axée sur la situation de jeunes à l’ère de la société néolibérale. Dans un objectif de lutte contre les problèmes croissants de surendettement observés chez les jeunes, une définition adéquate est capitale; de même, une intervention adéquate repose sur un diagnostic adéquat. Les problématiques inhérentes à la définition du concept de surendettement chez les jeunes sont donc d’une grande importance pratique en termes d’intervention professionnelle et sociale.
Le concept d’intersectionnalité à l’épreuve de la pratique
Authors: Girardat Jacqueline , Jung Émilie , Magar-Braeuner Joëlle
Published: April 2015

Cet article retrace le déroulé d’une session de formation sur l’égalité et les discriminations dans une perspective intersectionnelle auprès d’un groupe de stagiaires très hétérogène. Les formatrices se sont senties dépassées par les rapports de domination à l’oeuvre au sein du groupe, ce qui les a conduites à repenser la formation. L’application du concept d’intersectionnalité à l’analyse des pratiques implique une longue réflexion en amont en termes de démarche pédagogique, d’implication du formateur ou de la formatrice et d’utilisation des rapports sociaux au sein du groupe comme matériels à travailler en tant que tel.
Travail social et intervention sociale en France
Authors: Rullac Stéphane
Published: April 2015

Un processus de « conférence de consensus » a été organisé en France, entre 2012 et 2014, pour étudier les relations qu’entretiennent le travail social et la recherche. Cette mobilisation scientifique a déclenché une vive dispute épistémologique concernant les postures de recherches nécessaires à étudier ce secteur professionnel. Trois approches se sont distinguées, voire opposées : la recherche « sur », « pour » et « en » travail social. Au-delà d’une simple querelle contextuelle entre savants qui lutteraient pour des places, ces travaux permettent de distinguer des fractures épistémologiques qui composent une structuration des savoirs du travail social.
Systematic review of stigma reducing interventions for African/Black diasporic women
Authors: Loutfy Mona , Tharao Wangari , Logie Carmen , Aden Muna A , Chambers Lori A , Wu Wei , Abdelmaseh Marym , Calzavara Liviana
Published: April 2015

Introduction

Literature indicates that racism, sexism, homophobia and HIV‐related stigma have adverse impacts on health, well‐being, and quality of life among HIV‐positive women of African descent (African/Black diaspora). However, limited evidence exists on the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing stigma tailored for these women. This study systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non‐randomized observational and quasi‐experimental studies evaluating the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing stigma experienced by this population.

Methods

The Cochrane methodology was used to develop a search strategy in consultation with a librarian scientist. Databases searched included the Cochrane Library, Ovid EMBASE, PsycInfo, and 10 others. Two reviewers independently assessed the studies for potential relevance and conducted the Cochrane grading of RCTs to assess risk of bias and the Newcastle–Ottawa scale to assess the quality of non‐randomized studies. Eligible papers were selected if they employed an intervention design with African/Black diasporic women living with HIV as the target population and had a primary outcome of stigma reduction.

Results

Of the five studies that met all of the eligibility criteria, four demonstrated the effectiveness of interventions in reducing HIV‐related stigma. Only two of the five studies were designed specifically for HIV‐positive African/Black diasporic women. Limitations included the absence of interventions addressing other forms of stigma and discrimination (e.g. gender discrimination, racism, heterosexism).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that there are limited interventions designed to address multiple forms of stigma, including gender and racial discrimination, experienced by HIV‐positive African/Black diasporic women.
Ampère force exerted by geomagnetic Sq currents and thermospheric pressure difference
Authors: Takeda Masahiko
Published: April 2015

The Ampère force exerted by meridional Sq currents was estimated, and its relationship with a neutral pressure difference was examined. It was found that the annual Ampère force correlates very well with the difference between its maximum and minimum pressures integrated above 120 km for solar activity variation. Furthermore, these two values were almost the same around the Sq current vortex during the equinox. This means that the pressure difference balances with Ampère force, and thus, a neutral wind blows roughly in the opposite direction of the pressure gradient. As a result, the intensity of the resultant ionospheric dynamo current is controlled by the pressure difference, and thus, it is possible to infer the pressure difference from the geomagnetic field only at least the annual mean in equinox. At Kakioka, there was seasonal variation such that the pressure difference in the local summer and winter was smaller and larger than the Ampère force, respectively. This characteristic is likely due to the contribution of the interhemispheric field‐aligned currents driven by the ionospheric dynamo to the Sq field.
Kinematic earthquake source inversion and tsunami runup prediction with regional geophysical data
Authors: Melgar D. , Bock Y.
Published: April 2015

Rapid near‐source earthquake source modeling relying only on strong motion data is limited by instrumental offsets and magnitude saturation, adversely affecting subsequent tsunami prediction. Seismogeodetic displacement and velocity waveforms estimated from an optimal combination of high‐rate GPS and strong motion data overcome these limitations. Supplementing land‐based data with offshore wave measurements by seafloor pressure sensors and GPS‐equipped buoys can further improve the image of the earthquake source and prediction of tsunami extent, inundation, and runup. We present a kinematic source model obtained from a retrospective real‐time analysis of a heterogeneous data set for the 2011 Mw9.0 Tohoku‐Oki, Japan, earthquake. Our model is consistent with conceptual models of subduction zones, exhibiting depth dependent behavior that is quantified through frequency domain analysis of slip rate functions. The stress drop distribution is found to be significantly more correlated with aftershock locations and mechanism types when off‐shore data are included. The kinematic model parameters are then used as initial conditions in a fully nonlinear tsunami propagation analysis. Notably, we include the horizontal advection of steeply sloping bathymetric features. Comparison with post‐event on‐land survey measurements demonstrates that the tsunami's inundation and runup are predicted with considerable accuracy, only limited in scale by the resolution of available topography and bathymetry. We conclude that it is possible to produce credible and rapid, kinematic source models and tsunami predictions within minutes of earthquake onset time for near‐source coastal regions most susceptible to loss of life and damage to critical infrastructure, regardless of earthquake magnitude.
Impact of atmospheric convection on south Tibet summer precipitation isotopologue composition using a combination of in situ measurements, satellite data, and atmospheric general circulation modeling
Authors: He You , Risi Camille , Gao Jing , Masson‐Delmotte Valérie , Yao Tandong , Lai Chun‐Ta , Ding Yongjian , Worden John , Frankenberg Christian , Chepfer Helene , Cesana Gregory
Published: April 2015

Precipitation isotopologues recorded in natural archives from the southern Tibetan Plateau may document past variations of Indian monsoon intensity. The exact processes controlling the variability of precipitation isotopologue composition must therefore first be deciphered and understood. This study investigates how atmospheric convection affects the summer variability of δ18O in precipitation (δ18Op) and δD in water vapor (δDv) at the daily scale. This is achieved using isotopic data from precipitation samples at Lhasa, isotopic measurements of water vapor retrieved from satellites (Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES), GOSAT) and atmospheric general circulation modeling. We reveal that both δ18Op and δDv at Lhasa are well correlated with upstream convective activity, especially above northern India. First, during days of strong convection, northern India surface air contains large amounts of vapor with relatively low δDv. Second, when this low‐δDv moisture is uplifted toward southern Tibet, this initial depletion in HDO is further amplified by Rayleigh distillation as the vapor moves over the Himalayan. The intraseasonal variability of the isotopologue composition of vapor and precipitation over the southern Tibetan Plateau results from these processes occurring during air mass transportation.
Extreme moisture transport into the Arctic linked to Rossby wave breaking
Authors: Liu Chengji , Barnes Elizabeth A.
Published: April 2015

The transport of moisture into the Arctic is tightly connected to midlatitude dynamics. We show that the bulk of the transient poleward moisture transport across 60°N is driven by extreme transport (fluxes greater than the 90th percentile) events. We demonstrate that these events are closely related to the two types of Rossby wave breaking (RWB)—anticyclonic wave breaking (AWB) and cyclonic wave breaking (CWB). Using a RWB tracking algorithm, we determine that RWB can account for approximately 68% of the extreme poleward moisture transport by transients across 60°N in winter and 56% in summer. Additional analysis suggests that the seasonality of such RWB‐related moisture transport is determined approximately equally by (1) the magnitude of transport (which is largely a function of the background moisture gradient) and (2) the frequency of RWB occurrence. The seasonality of RWB occurrence is, in turn, tied to the seasonal variation of the latitude of the jet streams—AWB‐related (CWB‐related) transport occurs more frequently when the jet is shifted poleward (equatorward). The interannual variability of RWB‐related transport across 60°N in winter is shown to be strongly influenced by climate variability captured by the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). In the positive (negative) phase of ENSO, AWB transports less (more) moisture through the Bering Strait and CWB transports more (less) through western Canada. In the positive (negative) phase of the NAO, AWB transports more (less) moisture through the Norwegian Sea and CWB transports less (more) along the west coast of Greenland. These results highlight that low‐frequency climate variability outside of the polar regions can influence the Arctic water vapor by modulating extreme synoptic transport events.
A quantitative examination of lightning as a predictor of peak winds in tropical cyclones
Authors: Whittaker Ian C. , Douma Emma , Rodger Craig J. , Marshall Timothy J. C. H.
Published: April 2015

We use the World Wide Lightning Location Network to investigate lightning strike variations in 8 years of categories 4 and 5 tropical cyclones. A cross‐correlation analysis is performed between the lightning and maximum sustained wind variations, giving lag and lead times related to the peak linear correlation for each tropical cyclone. A previous study of 58 cyclones by Price et al. (2009) is reexamined using the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship database for the maximum sustained wind speeds of each tropical cyclone showing a moderate to strong correlation between lightning and wind variations. An 8 year data set of 144 tropical cyclones are analyzed in the same way, with a 10° square window, giving similar results to the smaller data set. Using a radial lightning collection window of < 500 km, we confirm the general results of previous studies that lightning can be used on a ∼1 day timescale to predict the evolution of the winds in tropical cyclones. Investigation of different lightning collection window sizes indicates that the lightning lead times are highly dependent upon the window size. Smaller collection windows have modal lightning lead times of ∼2.75 and 0 days, indicating that the lightning location inside the cyclone is as important as the total lightning variation. We have also performed a fixed time lag correlation which shows that preexisting knowledge of what time lag to use is needed in order to use this approach as a predictive tool.