bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Predictive Model for Traffic Noise Reduction Effects of Street Green Spaces with Variable Widths of Coniferous Vegetation
Authors: Meng Qi , Evgrafova Olga , Li Mengmeng
Published: October 2024

Street green spaces can effectively attenuate traffic noise, but the crucial role of coniferous trees and shrubs in the reduction of green space noise has not been systematically explored. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the mechanism of the influence of plant morphological characteristics and planting forms on the noise reduction effect using field measurements of the noise reduction effect of 36 street green spaces planted with coniferous trees and shrubs. It was found that for the same width of street green spaces, the noise reduction effects of planting single and multiple trees were significantly different, and this difference increased with an increase in street green space width. The noise reduction effect of planting low shrubs in street green spaces was significantly different from that of planting common shrubs in the same width, and their difference increased with an increase in street green space width. The factors that significantly affected the noise reduction effect of the 5 m–wide street green space were tree height, crown width, and DBH, and all of them were positively correlated. In addition, the noise reduction effect of the street green space planted with conifers was affected by the road and pavement widths. Finally, this study constructed a stepwise regression model for the noise reduction effect of street green spaces based on plant morphological parameters, planting methods, and physical characteristics of the road to quantify the crucial role of each factor in the noise reduction effect of street green spaces. The results of this study can provide plant noise reduction strategies for urban landscape planning and design to create a healthy urban acoustic environment.
A practical guide to item bank calibration with multiple matrix sampling
Authors: Aybek Eren Can , Arıkan Serkan , Ertaş Güneş
Published: October 2024

When it is required to estimate item parameters of a large item bank, Multiple Matrix Sampling (MMS) design provides an efficient way while minimizing the test burden on students. The current study exemplifies how to calibrate a large item pool using MMS design for various purposes, such as developing a CAT administration. The purpose of the current study is to explain and provide an example of how to use MMS design for item bank calibration. Two functions of mirt package, mirt() and multipleGroup() were compared using real data. The results of the present study showed that the standard mirt() function is more practical and makes more precise estimations compared to the multipleGroup() function.
A DISTINCTIVE APPROACH TO REHABILITATE PATIENT WITH BILATERAL MAXILLECTOMY DEFECT BY TWO-PIECE HOLLOW OBTURATOR- CASE REPORT
Authors:   MDS, Department of Prosthodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India., Bansal Kriti , Deepika Kumari ,   Reader, Department of Prosthodontics, I.T.S Dental College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India., Longdo Meshi ,   PG Student, Department of Prosthodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India., Gupta Rekha ,   Professor and Head, Department of Prosthodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Published: October 2024

An obturator is a common tool for prosthetic rehabilitation following invasive surgery, particularly in a total maxillectomy case. However, loss of teeth, palatal denture-bearing area, and vestibular retentive undercuts leaves an inadequate anatomic base to construct the definitive prosthesis. This results in compromised retention and stability. The retention problem can be resolved by fabricating an obturator that engages remaining undercuts. But in such acquired large defects, if all undercuts are engaged, the prosthesis may become too heavy, non-retentive, and challenging to insert, particularly in patients with very high and large defects. Therefore, in this case fabrication of two-piece magnet retained hollow obturator was described to make a prosthesis light weight with the use of thermoplastic polyvinyl chloride sheet in first part which provides adequate retention by engaging the desirable undercuts. The second part of the obturator was made hollow by the use of urinary catheter that was removed easily after completion of denture processing. After this, both the parts were attached together with the use of magnets. This technique is economical and easy to use to restore both function and esthetics in patients with bilateral maxillectomy defect.
FACIAL PARAMETERS AS SUPPLEMENTARY LANDMARKS FOR DETERMINATION OFVERTICAL DIMENSIONS OF OCCLUSION: DISTANCE ECTOKANTHION - CHEILION
Authors:   Professor, Department of Prosthetic Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria., Pavlova Zhanina
Published: October 2024

Background: The successful recovery of the functions and the aesthetics appearance of the edentulous patients often is a kind of challenge. The use of correlation between facial parameters could facilitate the determination of the vertical occlusion dimensions. The purpouse of this research was to investigate the interrelation between vertical dimensions of occlusion and distance external ocular angle (Ectokanthion) - labial commissure (Cheilion) among persons with natural dentition. Material and Methods: In the study were examined 120 persons from Bulgarian origin (59 male and 61 female), aged 20 to 25. The head of each and every participant was hold up into position so that the occlusal plane is parallel to the horisontal plane. The teeth were closed in central occlusion. Four reference points were marked: Ectokanthion, Cheilion, Subnasale and Gnathion. The researched distances were measured with the assistance of Vernier digital caliper. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed. Results: Moderate correlation was found between the distance Ectokanthion-Cheilion and the vertical occlusion dimension. The dataanalysisshows that coefficients of correlation are: 0.5681 for male and 0.5481 for female. Conclusions: It was found moderate correlation between the distance Ectokanthion-Cheilion and vertical dimensions of occlusion defined between point Subnasale and point Gnathion. The use of distance Ectokanthion-Cheilion as basic point of reference is not reliable, but it could be applied combined with other clinical methods or as part of mathematical models for determination of optimal vertical occlusion dimensions during prosthetic treatment of edentulous patients.
EVALUATING PATIENT AWARENESS OF SMOKING - RELATED ORAL HEALTH RISKSAMONG BATHINDARESIDENTS: A SURVEY- BASED STUDY
Authors: Srivastava Anshika , Raj Amit , Garg Diksha , Kaur Ekampreet , and Pranjal , Garg Chetan
Published: October 2024

Background:Smoking poses serious risks to oral health, contributing to issues like gum disease, oral cancer, and impaired healing. However, many patients are not fully aware of these dangers. Aim and Objective:The objective of this study is to assess the level of awareness among dental patients regarding smoking & detrimental effects of smoking & to explore patients perceptions of how smoking affects their overall oral health. Materials and Methods:A questionnaire based observational survey was carried out among 160 participants in the Bathinda district. The questionnaire was distributed through online platforms. The self-made questionnaire was used to assess the level of awareness among the patients Results: The study assessed participants awareness of smokings effects on oral health, revealing varied levels of understanding. High awareness was noted for teeth staining, oral cancer risk, and decreased taste, while gaps existed regarding gum disease, second-hand smoke risks, and the role of dental visits in preventing smoking-related issues. Educational efforts are needed to address these gaps. Conclusion: The study reveals gaps in awareness of smokings serious oral health risks. Increased education and smoking cessation efforts are needed to improve patient outcomes.
INFECTION CONTROL AMONG ANESETHSIA PRACTICE
Authors:   Anestehssia Department, HH, DAHC, Dubai, UAE., Dahshan Adel
Published: October 2024

Nosocomial infections, or hospital-acquired infections, are complex and have multiple causes. They interfere with patient recovery, increase hospital stays, and lead to higher morbidity, mortality, and costs. The CDC estimates that a third of these infections result from not following established infection control practices. Anesthesia practices are critical in controlling the spread of these infections due to the invasive nature of procedures like catheter and airway management. Although direct cause-and-effect data is limited, most anesthesia-related infections are preventable. Anesthesia personnel must understand the epidemiology and pathogens to implement preventive measures. Risk factors include invasive procedures, cross-contamination, and hand transmission. Common signs of infection include fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, skin rash, and general malaise. The main sources of healthcare-associated infections are bloodstream infections (28%), pneumonia (21%), and urinary tract infections (15%), often linked to invasive devices. Standard precautions should be applied to all patients to prevent infection transmission. Additional transmission-based precautions are necessary for patients with specific pathogens. Infection control programs in the US are mandated by the Joint Commission for Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (TCAHO) and guided by the CDC.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF SHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF TWO DIFFERENT RESIN CEMENT TO ZIRCONIA AFTER SURFACE TREATMENT USING ER:YAG LASER: AN IN VITRO STUDY
Authors: Jayaram Siri , S. Salagundi Basavaraj , B.K Ashika , S. Pavithra , N. Vishesh , Hoskere Siddharth
Published: October 2024

Zirconia (ZrO2), a crystalline dioxide of zirconium, boasts metal-like mechanical properties and a tooth-like color. Creating a ZrO2 core for prosthetic restorations necessitates a CAD/CAM system adept at handling zirconia. Resin-bonded luting is the top choice for zirconia ceramic restorations, with tribochemical treatment preferred for surface preparation before resin cement luting. Clinical trials indicate that resin cementation improves adhesion and mechanical properties of zirconia restorations. While studies on sandblastings effect on shear bond strength to zirconia exist, more data is needed on the impact of sandblasting and laser treatment on yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia. This study examines the shear bond strength of two resin cements to zirconia after Er:YAG laser treatment.
HYBRID PLANNING A SIMPLE TECHNIQUE FOR CRANIOSPINAL IRRADIATION (CSI)
Authors:   Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India-221005., Patel Ganeshkumar , Mandal Abhijit ,   Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India-221005., Mondal Kalyan ,   Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India-221005.,   Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Science & Humanities, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India-281406., Ghosh Gopa ,   Career Institue of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India-462023.
Published: October 2024

Purpose: A simple planning technique for craniospinal irradiation using Eclipse treatment planning system. Material and methods: In RT treatment planning, base plan optimization feature is used in sequential RT planning by anticipating the dose delivered to organ at risk (OAR) & planning target volume (PTV) in the base plan. In hybrid planning technique, the whole PTV is divided into two parts, Brain PTV & Spine PTV. Spine PTV is overlapped minimum 2-3 cm over the Brain PTV at their junction while creating structures for RT planning. Brain PTV is planned with conventional RT technique & the Spine PTV planned with rapid arc technique (VMAT). In the plan optimization process of spine PTV, first base plan is selected then the optimization parameter is set accordingly as per total prescribed dose of 36 Gy for both the PTVs. The base plan is the dose calculated plan which is incorporated in the rapid arc plan optimization hence the pre-existed doses of Brain PTV & OAR help to understand the plannerfor achieving desired planning objectives during Spine PTV, RT plan optimization. Finally for the dose calculation of Spine PTV RT plan, planner has to copy fields of Brain PTV & paste it in Spine PTV plan and need to calculate dose for these copied fields. The final plan contains a dose calculated of Brain PTV fields and Spine PTV fields termed as hybrid plan. Result: Reduction in the total number of monitor units is observed for the hybrid plan compared to single VMAT plan, which is statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Present study introduced the hybrid planning technique which can exploit benefits of conventional and modern techniques.
PREGNANCY OUTCOME IN PERIPARTUM CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors:   P.G Student., , Sneha , Patil Sanjana ,   Associate Professor., Melkundi Mahananda ,   Professor., Devarmani Meenakshi ,   Head of the Department.
Published: October 2024

Background:Peripartum cardiomyopathy(PPCM) is characterized by the onset of heart failure due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction in late pregnancy or shortly after delivery. The incidence of PPCM varies widely globally, with reports ranging from 1 in 100-15000 pregnancies This study aims to evaluate the incidence, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of PPCM in a cohort of women at Basaweshwara General and Teaching Hospital, Kalaburgi. Methods:A retrospective observational study was conducted over one year (January 1 to December 31, 2023). Inclusion criteria were based on NHLBI standards for diagnosing PPCM, while patients with preexisting cardiac conditions, liver disorders, and malignancies were excluded. Data were collected from hospital records, focusing on demographics, clinical presentations,echocardiographic findings, complications, and outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version22. Results:Among 2,200 deliveries, 12 cases of PPCM were identified, yielding an incidence of 0.55%. The mean age of affected women was 26.33 years, with 66% being primigravida. A significant proportion (58.33%) presented with hypertensive disorders.Maternal outcomes included a 25% mortality rate and high rates of cesarean delivery (83.33%).Neonatal outcomes were concerning, with 58.33% of infants requiring NICU admission and 16.66% experiencing intrauterine death. Conclusion:PPCM poses substantial risks to maternal and fetal health, particularly in younger and first-time mothers. Identifying women with risk factors such as hypertensive disorders and anemia is crucial for optimizing care and improving outcomes. Enhanced monitoring and intervention strategies are necessary to address the complexities of PPCM in pregnancy.
DEVELOPMENT OF A TEST FOR ASSESSMENT OF CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS
Authors:   Professor, HOD (Education Technology) Shri Vaishnav Vidyapeeth Vishwavidyalaya Indore., Tejwani Shanti , Ojha Shuchi ,   Research Scholar (SOE, DAVV) Asst. Prof. (Annie Besant College) Indore.
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study was to develop a critical thinking test for B.Ed. trainees. The developmentalresearchmethod was used for the construction of the test. A sample of 238 and 276 trainees were selected purposively from the various B.Ed. colleges affiliated to DAVV, Indorefor the preliminary tryout and establishing the reliability of the test respectively. Most of the Critical Thinking Tests are constructed in the foreign countries and some of tests are constructed in Indian context, but the test which are constructed in Indian context, emphasis is given on aspects related to Process of Thinking, Product of Thinking, in one tool whereas in another tools Interpretation, Analysis, Evaluation, Inference, Explanation and Self - regulation related items were included. In these tools dimensions like facts, opinion, induction-deduction reasoning are not included, so investigators decided to construct a Critical Thinking Skill Test for assessing the B.Ed. trainees Critical Thinking Skill. Content validity /face validity was used for the validation of the assessment and test-retest method was used for establishing the reliability of the test. The result showed the test was validly developed with the reliability coefficient 0.91.
PRESENTATIONS AND OUTCOMES OF AORTOFEMORAL BYPASS GRAFTING
Authors:   Senior Resident, Department Of CVTS, Grant Government Medical College and Sir JJ group of Hospitals, Mumbai., Kumar Verma Akshay , W. Nagre Suraj ,   Associate Professor & HOU, Department Of CVTS, Grant Government Medical College and Sir JJ group of Hospitals, Mumbai., Jaiswal Deepak ,   Assistant Professor, Department Of CVTS, Grant Government Medical College and Sir JJ group of Hospitals, Mumbai.
Published: October 2024

Objectives: The aim of the study is to study presentations and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing Aortofemoral Bypass Grafting Surgery (AFB). Design: This was a Hospital based prospective study. Materials And Methods: During 18 months period , 20 patients (mean age = 56 years) underwent AFB. Indications comprised of occlusive disease with Intermittent Claudication (IC) (n=10), Critical Limb Ischaemia (CLI)(n=4), Resting Pain (RP) (n=4) and Tissue Loss (TL) (n=2). Results: From Jan 2023 to June 2024, AFB was performed more frequently for IC (50%) vs rest of other indications. 30 day observations / follow up showed infection in 5%, Graft occlusion in 5% for which patient underwent emergency graft thrombectomy, Amputation in 10% due to gangrenous changes and 15% mortality. Graft patency was found to be triphasic in 90% cases. Hypertension was leading risk factor (85%) followed by Diabetes Mellitus(70%) and smoking (65%). Predictors of morbidity included CKD (25%), CAD (25%), COPD (20%), CVA (20%).90% Patients were operated via thoracotomy approach and 10% were operated via abdominal approach depending on level of aortic thrombus. 20% of patients had previous history of endovascular interventions followed by stent occlusion. Conclusion: In era of endovascular intervention, Aortofemoral Bypass Surgery is more likely to be performed for Intermittent Claudication and graft patency has a better outcome.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF INCIDENTAL OVERLOADS ON THE FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF SHEETS ASSEMBLED BY SPOT WELDS
Authors:   University of NDjamena., Tikri Bianzeube , Wel-Doret Djonglibet ,   University Polytechnic of Mongo., Dao Dougabka ,   National Higher School of Public Works/ Chad.
Published: October 2024

The assembly of steel sheets using the spot-welding process is commonly used in the automotive industry - notably at Renault - for the production of the chassis. The stresses encountered in service due to rough roads or driving conditions are transmitted between assembled components via the welded points. Understanding their fatigue behavior under incidental overloads is therefore essential for ensuring their service life and permanently dimensioning the structure. In the present study, an experimental test campaign was conducted to analyze the fatigue failure modes of two identical steel plates joined by welded points and loaded in tension-shear. Two high-strength steel grades (HE360D and XE360D) and one mild steel grade for deep drawing (XES) were tested either at constant amplitude, or with incidental stresses occurring at a rate of one overload cycle for every 100 cycles applied. All cycles had a load ratio of 0.1 (undulating tension). The assembly of steel sheets using the spot-welding process is commonly used in the automotive industry - notably at Renault - for the production of the chassis. The stresses encountered in service due to rough roads or driving conditions are transmitted between assembled components via the welded points. Understanding their fatigue behavior under incidental overloads is therefore essential for ensuring their service life and permanently dimensioning the structure. In the present study, an experimental test campaign was conducted to analyze the fatigue failure modes of two identical steel plates joined by welded points and loaded in tension-shear. Two high-strength steel grades (HE360D and XE360D) and one mild steel grade for deep drawing (XES) were tested either at constant amplitude, or with incidental stresses occurring at a rate of one overload cycle for every 100 cycles applied. All cycles had a load ratio of 0,1 (undulating tension). The experimental results show that periodic overloading is beneficial to fatigue life in the case of high-strength steels, whereas the effect recorded is, on the contrary, a very marked collapse in fatigue properties in the case of mild steels.
INTEGRATED CARE FOR URETEROCELE PROLAPSE
Authors:   Junior Resident 3., Tom Joseph Chrison , S. Appanavar Vianykumar ,   Assisstant Professor, SSIMS AND RC.
Published: October 2024

Ureteroceles are rare congenital anomalies, occurring in about 1 in 4000 individuals, with a higher incidence in females, particularly those with a duplex renal system. The etiology and clinical presentation of ureteroceles vary, often complicating diagnosis and management. Common symptoms include antenatal hydronephrosis, vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), and recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs). In cases of ectopic ureteroceles, there is a risk of significant complications, such as hypertension and renal failure, requiring timely and precise intervention. Diagnostic methods include sonography and voiding cystourethrography (VCUG), while management approaches range from minimally invasive endoscopic incisions to more complex excision and reimplantation procedures, depending on the severity. We report the case of a 1.5-month-old female infant, born via LSCS, presenting with fever and a rapidly enlarging reddish mass descending from the urethra. Initially the size of a peanut, it grew to the size of a lemon, accompanied by symptoms of straining during urination and defecation. While prenatal scans showed hydro-ureteronephrosis, postnatal imaging appeared normal until the mass emerged. Clinical suspicion of a ureterocele was confirmed through imaging studies. This case highlights the unpredictable nature of ureteroceles, emphasizing the importance of prenatal and postnatal screening. Treatment strategies must be individualized, considering the rapid progression of the condition. While endoscopic incision is favored for its minimally invasive approach, reconstructive surgery may be necessary if complications such as reflux or a duplex renal system are present. Early detection remains key to preventing long-term morbidity and improving outcomes in infants with ureteroceles.
A STUDY TO DETERMINE IF HEMATURIA IN PATIENTS WITH SNAKE BITE CAN BE USED AS A CRITERIA FOR FORCED ALKALINE DIURESISTO PREVENT AKI
Authors:   Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, JJM Medical College, Davangere, Karnataka., S. Chandrashekar , B.H Manjunatha ,   Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, JJM Medical College, Davangere, Karnataka., Shamanur Kallesh ,   Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, JJM Medical College, Davangere, Karnataka., S.V Goutham ,   Senior Resident, Department of Emergency Medicine, JJM Medical College, Davangere, Karnataka., Madhukuttan Vipin ,   Post Graduate, Department of Emergency Medicine, JJM Medical College, Davangere, Karnataka., Kuchanur Akshay ,   Post Graduate, Department of Emergency Medicine, JJM Medical College, Davangere, Karnataka.
Published: October 2024

Hematuria and Acute kidney injury (AKI) are important causes of morbidity and mortality among victims of snake bite. As per Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Government of India, if the patient has oliguria or dipstick positive for blood give a trial of forced alkaline diuresis (FAD) within first 24 hours of the bite to avoid pigment nephropathy leading to acute tubular necrosis (ATN)19. In the current study we aim to determine if hematuria can be used as criteria for Forced Alkaline Diuresis in patient who present with hematuria following snake bite who later develop AKI. Results depicted that majority of the study subjects i.e., 88% AKI was not observed. However, urine output in study subjects at 6 hours was not significantly differed with the urine output of study subjects at 12 hours (Ï‡2 = 0.219) and at 24 hours (Ï‡2 = 0.066). Microscopic RBCs were present in 40%, 28%, and 24% of study subjects urine sample at 6 hours,12 hours, and 24 hours respectively. Furthermore, presence of microscopic RBCs in urine samples of study subjects at 6 hours significantly differed with the microscopic RBCs in urine samples of study subjects at 12 hours (Ï‡2 = 0.000) and at 24 hours (Ï‡2 = 0.001). In conclusion, patient with snake bite with presence of hematuria do not have AKI as a complication & hence hematuria cannot be used as criteria for Forced Alkaline Diuresis for the treatment of AKI in snake bite.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PRE-CORNEAL TEAR FILM BETWEEN DIABETICS AND NON-DIABETICSUSING OCULAR SURFACE DISEASE INDEX
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Jaipur National University Institute for Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Jaipur., , Swati , Prabha Prasad Shashi ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Jaipur National University Institute for Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Jaipur., Verma Sanjeev ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Jaipur National University Institute for Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Jaipur.
Published: October 2024

Purpose: To determine distinctive characteristics of pre-corneal tear film in eyes of diabetics and compare them with non-diabetics. Design: Hospitalbasedobservationalcross-sectional study. Methods: The study was done in thedepartmentofophthalmology from July2022-December2023. Patients presenting to outpatient department of ophthalmology who were of age>45 years, have a history of diabetes for more than three years and those without diabetes as control groups were chosen.300patients weretaken forthestudyand dividedinto two groups(150 diabetics and 150 non-diabetics). Sample size was decided based on a convenient sampling method.Ocular surface disease index(OSDI) questionnaire was used to assess symptoms and signs.Corneal sensitivity test, Tear film breakup time(TBUT) and Schirmer tests were done. The corneal and conjunctival stains were used. Chi-square test was used to examine outcomes. Other tests were applied accordingly. Results: Diabetic patients had poorer OSDI scores compared to Non-diabetic patients(p 0.001*). Patients with diabetes had reduced corneal sensitivity(p<0.05*). Schirmer II and TBUT values were significantly prolonged in Diabetics compared to Non-diabetcs(p<0.05*). Duration of diabetes significantly increased the severity of dry eye. Dry eye was more prevalent in diabetic retinopathy patients(p=0.02*). Strong association was found between HbA1C and severity of diabetic retinopathy with P<0.05*. Conclusion:The duration of diabetes and stage of retinopathy are closely linked to the occurrence and severity of tear film dysfunction. Early detection and treatment are vital for preventing dry eye syndrome and its potential progression to vision-threatening complications, through simple non-invasive methods.
Insurgent Terror during the 1921 West Siberian Uprising
Authors:   P. P. Yershov Ishim Pedagogical Institute, Kuryshev I. V.
Published: October 2024

The article considers such a controversial aspect of the West Siberian uprising of 1921 as the repressive and terrorist activities of the rebels towards representatives and supporters of the communist authorities on the ground, members of their families and rural intelligentsia. The author makes an attempt to characterize its forms, orientation, socio-psychological and moral motives. The motives for peasants’ protest sentiments, which grew into various forms of aggression, violence and terrorist activities by the most active anti-communist insurgents, are viewed from the standpoint of the theory of relative deprivation. The paper describes the symptomatic cruel, bloody torture and reprisals suffered by party and Soviet workers on the ground, food suppliers, policemen and representatives of the rural intelligentsia. The most terrible blow was dealt to the rural communes, which was caused by the outright rejection of collectivist morality and psychology by the prosperous Siberian peasantry. The article shows the tragic consequences of brutal, uncontrolled, spontaneous and emotional insurgent terror. The feelings of hatred and revenge towards the communist government and its representatives on the ground were long-term. On the basis of the documents from the regional archives, the author presents the facts characterizing the degradation and moral decline of the rebel movement, pointing out the long-term nature of anti-communist sentiments in the peasant community. This circumstance in particular led to a rebellion against the Soviet authorities, which broke out in the Sorokinsky area of the Ishim district of the Ural region in March 1930. The article gives a general assessment of the scale and consequences of the insurgent terror in Western Siberia, which became a backlash against the social deprivation of war communism period and a product of the moral degradation of its participants’ conscience.
Hooliganism in Soviet Belarus during the Thaw (1953–1968)
Authors:   Belarusian State University, Huzhalouski A. A.
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to one of the manifestations of deviant behavior in Belarusian Soviet cities in the 1950s–1960s. During the Khrushchev “thaw” there was a significant increase in hooliganism. The reasons for this phenomenon were, first of all, the rapid urbanization caused by the large-scale industrialization of Soviet Belarus during this period. The heavy demographic consequences of the Great Patriotic War, as well as Stalin’s repressive policy during almost the whole post-war decade also played an important role. The hooligans themselves, most of whom were young members of the working class, justified their behavior with primitive propaganda clichés about social superiority which gave rise to a sense of permissiveness and impunity. During the “thaw” years, the authorities, which for a long time did not see hooliganism as a serious threat, undertook a series of legal and educational measures to curb it. However, the state policy to combat hooliganism was inconsistent and ineffective. Hooligans remained an integral part of everyday life in Belarusian cities even during the “stagnation”. The article shows the legislative initiatives of the authorities to curb hooliganism, in particular the decree of the Soviet Belarus Supreme Soviet of December 30, 1956 on responsibility for hooliganism; the division of hooligans in the 1960 Soviet Belarus Criminal Code into “bad” and “small” with the transfer of the cases of the latter to the comrades’ courts; and the decree of the USSR Supreme Soviet of July 26, 1966 “On increasing responsibility for hooliganism”. Particular attention is paid to the extent and forms of hooliganism in urban societies, the degree of its public danger, as well as forms of public counteraction to this phenomenon in the form of voluntary people’s squad.
Assessment of radiological risk to workers and members of the public from the operation of a groundwater treatment plant in Jordan
Authors: Alomari Ahmad , Carvalho Fernando P. , Saleh Muneer Aziz , Bilbeisi Eman , Abusalim Faten , Alsayaheen Amal , BaniKhalaf Refaat , Naser Heba Bani , Jaffal Alaa , Al-Sharat Diana , Abuzaitoun Ibrahim , Tarakhan Alaa , Naddaf Zainab , Alradaideh Jafar
Published: October 2024

The study aimed to evaluate the radiation doses received by workers at a pilot water treatment plant (WTP) in Jordan. It also examined the concentrations of gross alpha, gross beta, and radium activities in both groundwater and treated water, along with a radiological risk assessment for the waste generated by the treatment process. The radioactivity levels of gross alpha and gross beta in the groundwater were found to exceed the established drinking water limits. In the pilot WTP, two methods were applied for water treatment, namely, ceramic ultra-filtration (CUF) and reverse osmosis (RO), both of which produced treated water that met drinking water quality standards. The annual effective dose from external radiation exposure to the WTP workers was found to be less than 0.007 mSv y−1 (during the filters backwash operation). However, the average annual dose from internal radiation due to inhalation of radon released from groundwater reached 3.2 mSv y−1, exceeding the 1 mSv y−1 limit. Therefore, monitoring radon levels in workplaces is recommended. Radioisotope concentrations in the waste (sludge) stockpiles exceeded clearance levels, requiring them to be treated as radioactive waste. Overall, the WTP successfully produced drinking water that met quality standards, and the methods used could be replicated in other locations.
Comparing the hydrological performance of blue green infrastructure design strategies in urban/semi-urban catchments for stormwater management
Authors: Adhikari Utsav , Broekhuizen I. , Pons V. , Sun Z. , Sjöman J. Deak , Randrup T. B. , Viklander M. , Blecken G.-T.
Published: October 2024

Blue green infrastructure (BGI), in recent decades, have been increasingly recognized as robust stormwater control measures to reduce urban flooding, promote infiltration, and restore a catchment's flow to its pre-development stage. However, studies comparing the hydrological benefits of BGI alternatives at catchment scale are often limited to single catchment or single/few BGI options scaled over a catchment. This study designed a set of BGI alternatives as a combination of different BGI facilities in terms of the following: (a) spatial distribution scale (end-of-pipe vs. decentralized) and (b) naturalness scale (less engineered vs. more engineered), in three different urban catchments representing an inner city, a residential suburb, and a new urban housing. In addition, their hydrological performances were compared. A 10-year return period design rain and a continuous rain series of 11 years were modelled for each BGI alternative using the computer model stormwater management model (SWMM). It was observed that in most catchments, decentralized alternatives (both engineered and natural) showed better potential to reduce the magnitude and frequency of flooding than centralized measures. Similarly, the tested decentralized natural, less engineered alternatives showed higher potential to increase infiltration than the decentralized engineered alternatives in all three catchments. Meanwhile, infiltration-based BGI alternatives showed similar potential to mimic pre-development flow as other decentralized BGI alternatives.
Acceptability and Usability of Mobile Health Application for Enhancing Treatment Adherence in Latent TB Patients
Authors: Kumar Rohitashwa , Singhal Manmohan , Sinha Abhijeet P. , Islam KM Monirul
Published: October 2024

Background:

Mobile health interventions showcase effectiveness for improving treatment adherence among Latent TB Infection (LTBI) patients. However, there
is a paucity of evidence regarding their acceptability and usability. This study aimed to assess the initial acceptability and usability of a mobile
health application that has been designed to ensure treatment adherence in LTBI patients.

Methods:

A descriptive study was conducted to assess the acceptability and usability of a mobile health application, “My Treatment Friend”. A total of 82
LTBI patients were selected, and access to the application was given to them. This application provides support to LTBI patients in reporting daily
medication and side effects. The basic demographic characteristics of the participants were collected through a Google form-based questionnaire.
The acceptability and usability of the application were assessed using the Likert scale questionnaire and SUS tool, with samples of n=44 and n=20
participants, respectively.

Results:

LTBI patients found the mobile application acceptable and feasible, with an SUS score of 73, which comes under Grade B as per the SUS score
sheet. The majority believed that the app was very simple to use and easy to understand. However, there is a requirement to add more features that
can enhance the acceptability and usability of the application.

Conclusion:

The study showed the importance and usefulness of mobile applications to assist LTBI patients in finishing their prescribed treatment courses of
action. Additionally, it highlights how crucial it is to build future applications using user-centered design. User-centered design may play an
important role in designing mobile applications and ensuring effective engagement and satisfaction among users.
Capgras Syndrome in Dementia: A Systematic Review of Case Studies
Authors: Margariti Charikleia , Mircea Margareta-Theodora
Published: October 2024

Background:

In an ageing population, dementia has become an imminent healthcare
emergency. Capgras syndrome, the most common delusion of misidentification (DMS), is frequently
found alongside dementia. Previous research showed that Capgras syndrome has significant
negative effects on people living with dementia and their carers due to its complex presentation
and impact on their lives. This qualitative systematic review explores the evidence base of the
effective management and treatment of Capgras syndrome in dementia.

Aims:

As per our knowledge, this is the first systematic review exploring the symptomatology of
Capgras syndrome across different types of dementia. Additionally, it aims to identify the treatments
used and their efficacy.

Methods:

Four databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CINHAL) were screened in
March, 2023. Twenty-six studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Thematic
analysis was performed to explore and synthesise the qualitative findings of the studies.

Results:

Three conceptual themes were identified: diagnostic tools, Capgras syndrome symptomatology,
and Capgras syndrome treatment. Results showed that Capgras syndrome in dementia is
not diagnosed and treated in a standardised manner. Following the pharmacological intervention,
28% of cases showed resolution of symptoms, and another 28% experienced improvement. However,
7% of cases reported worsening symptoms, and 10.7% experienced no change. While some
patients had positive outcomes with specific medications, others either did not respond or experienced
a deterioration of their condition.

Conclusion:

The results highlight that there is no single treatment approach for Capgras syndrome
in people living with dementia. This underscores the need for person-centred care, where treatment
is tailored to individual needs. The review also reveals a heavy reliance on antipsychotic
medications and a noticeable lack of psychosocial interventions. Given the limited benefits and
significant risks associated with antipsychotics, future research should prioritise developing and
testing psychosocial approaches. Additionally, establishing standardised diagnostic criteria and
consistent outcome measures for Capgras syndrome in dementia is crucial for evaluating treatment
effectiveness and improving care.
Head Space GC-MS/MS Method for Quantification of Five Nitrosoamine- Genotoxic Impurities in Metformin HCl
Authors: Tummala Sambasiva Rao , Gorrepati Naveena , Tatapudi Hemant Kumar
Published: October 2024

Background:

N-nitrosamines have recently been discovered in metformin hydrochloride
and other generic drugs. To quantify the five N-nitrosamines in metformin hydrochloride,
we devised sensitive and reliable multiple reactions monitoring mode-based GCMS/
MS technique, particularly, N-nitrosodiethy amine (NDEA), N-nitroso ethyl isopropylamine
(NEIPA), N-nitrosodiisopropylamine (NDIPA), N-nitrosodipropylamine (NDPA), as
well as N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA).

Objective:

To develop a sensitive, precise, and accurate MRM mode based GC-MS/MS method
for the quantification of five N-nitrosamines in metformin hydrochloride and valídate as per
ICH guidelines.

Methods:

The settings for mass spectrometry and gas chromatography were optimized. With
the linearity, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and precision of the parameter, the procedure
was as per the recommendation of ICH: International Council for Harmonization guidelines.

Results:

N-nitrosamines in metformin hydrochloride had detection and quantification limits of
0.001 ppm and 0.004 ppm, correspondingly. The obtained results were within the sensitivity
limitations issued by the US Food and Drug Administration. The calibration curve's regression
coefficients for five N-nitrosamines were over 0.99, demonstrating the process's good linearity.
The retrievals of N-nitrosamines in metformin hydrochloride between 97.1 – 127.4 %. The
RSD (Relative Standard Deviation) was lower than 10 % for both inter-day and intra-day precision
studies.

Conclusion:

The proposed method exhibited a rapid analysis capability, high accuracy, sensitivity,
and precision, making it a trustworthy method for monitoring N-nitrosamines in metformin
hydrochloride.
Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1α Pathway in Cerebral Ischemia: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Sharma Veerta , Singh Thakur Gurjeet
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Ischemic injury to the brain can result in a variety of life-threatening conditions,
mortality, or varying degrees of disability. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF 1α), an oxygen-
sensitive transcription factor that controls the adaptive metabolic response to hypoxia, is a critical
constituent of cerebral ischemia. It participates in numerous processes, such as metabolism, proliferation,
and angiogenesis, and plays a major role in cerebral ischemia.

Methods:

Through the use of a number of different search engines like Scopus, PubMed, Bentham,
and Elsevier databases, a literature review was carried out for investigating the pharmacological
modulation of HIF-1α pathways for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.

Results:

Various signalling pathways, such as Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Janus kinase/
signal transducers and activators (JAK/STAT), Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3-K), and cAMPresponse
element binding protein (CREB) play a vital role in modulation of HIF-1α pathway, which
helps in preventing the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia.

Conclusion:

The pharmacological modulation of the HIF-1α pathway via various molecular signalling
pathways, such as PI3-K, MAPK, CREB, and JAK/STAT activators, offer a promising prospect
for future interventions and treatment for cerebral ischemia.
Nanoparticulate Herbal Formulation for the Management of Fungal Infection
Authors: Gupta Babita , Malviya Rishabha , Sundram Sonali , Singh Bhupinder
Published: October 2024

Fungal infections have been more common during the past few years as a result of an
increase in the population of immunocompromised people, including those with cancer, HIV/AIDS,
and organ transplant recipients. It has been reported that fungal infection is brought on by different
pathogens. The main focus of this review is the use of nanosized plant components to stop fungal
infections for the pharmaceutical industry and research projects. According to research about 40
million people have fungal infections. Echinocandins, griseofulvin, azoles, allylamines, and flucytosine
are only a few antifungal medications used in clinical settings to treat fungal infections. Skin
infections caused by fungi are among the most prevalent dermatological issues of today. Fungal infections
at the skin's surface or under the skin's surface may harm the skin, keratinous tissues, and
mucous membranes. Therefore, there is a high need for producing an antifungal agent that may act
selectively on new targets while having minor side effects and can belong to a variety of structural
classes. Natural goods offer limitless prospects for innovative medicine development due to their
typically unrivaled chemical variety, whether in the form of pure phyto-compounds or standardized
plant extracts. Plants have been an excellent source of medicine since the beginning of time.
When compared to synthetically produced medications, phytochemicals from various plant species
have been versicolor as a more potent source of therapy. Novel cell targets and antifungal chemicals,
as well as new methods for the delivery of drugs based on nanotechnology, are all currently being
studied.
Exploring the Role of Deutetrabenazine in the Treatment of Chorea Linked with Huntington's Disease
Authors: Tripathi Siddhant , Sharma Yashika , Kumar Dileep
Published: October 2024

Background:

This review investigates the efficacy of deutetrabenazine in the management
of chorea related to HD. Motor, psychological, and cognitive symptoms characterize HD, a
neurodegenerative disease. One prominent movement disorder associated with HD is chorea,
which results in uncontrollably jerky movements of the muscles. HD has no known cure; instead,
symptom management with a variety of medication options is the main goal. Effective management
is essential because chorea has a significant impact on patients' quality of life. Dutetrabenazine
is the first deuterated medication to receive approval from the US Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) for the therapeutic treatment of chorea in Huntington's disease (HD).

Objectives:

Treating chorea associated with HD may benefit from the use of deutetrabenazine.
The novel compound deutetrabenazine contains deuterium. It inhibits CYP2D6 metabolism, prolongs
the half-lives of active metabolites, and may cause persistent systemic exposure while maintaining
significant pharmacological action. Deutetrabenazine decreases the release of
monoamines, including dopamine, in the synaptic cleft by inhibiting the VMAT2 vesicular
monoamine transporter. For chorea, this mechanism has a therapeutic effect. For the treatment of
choreiform movement and tardive dyskinesia in HD, the FDA approved deutetrabenazine in 2017.

Conclusion:

Here we highlight, Deutetrabenazine as a promising new treatment for Huntington's
disease chorea, for patients with chorea, deutetrabenazine offers hope for an enhanced quality of
life. To completely understand its effectiveness and potential advantages, additional research is necessary,
including direct comparison studies, as a result of the mixed study results.
Integrasi nilai keislaman materi korosi dalam modul kimia sebagai implementasi pendidikan karakter
Authors: Ihsanudin Annas Hafizd
Published: October 2024

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis: (1) karakteristik produk modul kimia terintegrasi nilai-nilai Islam pada materi korosi sebagai implementasi pendidikan karakter, (2) kelayakan produk modul kimia terintegrasi nilai-nilai Islam pada materi korosi sebagai implementasi pendidikan karakter, dan (3) respon peserta didik terhadap produk modul kimia terintegrasi nilai-nilai Islam pada materi korosi sebagai implementasi pendidikan karakter. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan model exploratory mixed method. Pada penelitian ini digunakan instrumen penelitian yang meliputi lembar pedoman wawancara, lembar validasi ahli pembelajaran kimia dan ahli agama Islam, lembar uji kelayakan modul oleh reviewer, dan lembar uji keterbacaan sebagai respon peserta didik. Teknik analisis data menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif untuk menentukan kualitas produk berdasarkan kriteria penilaian ideal. Penelitian ini menghasilkan modul yang berjudul “Modul Kimia Terintegrasi Nilai-nilai Islam pada Materi Korosi sebagai Implementasi Pendidikan Karakter” dengan karakteristik modul yang mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai Islam ke dalam materi korosi sebagai implementasi pendidikan karakter. Modul kimia tergolong dalam kriteria sangat baik (SB) menurut penilaian reviewer dengan presentase keidealan sebesar 88,57%. Berdasarkan respon peserta didik modul tergolong dalam kriteria sangat baik (SB) dengan presentase keidealan sebesar 89,73%. Dengan demikian, modul kimia yang telah disusun dinyatakan layak digunakan oleh peserta didik MA kelas XII sebagai sumber belajar mandiri.