bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EL IDEAL MODÉLICO DE MUJER-MADRE EN LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DEL IMAGINARIO SOCIAL DEL ESTADO MODERNO EN ARGENTINA
Authors: Andrea Deangeli Melina , Gastiazoro María Eugenia , R. Sanchez Melisa
Published: December 2020

El trabajo se centró en el análisis de tres dispositivos que operaron como “tecnología de género” en la producción de subjetividades generizadas en Argentina: los proyectos educativos de masa y su relación con lo religioso, la Cárcel del Buen Pastor en la Provincia de Córdoba y la penalización del llamado “infanticidio”. Se realizó un análisis cualitativo sobre los instrumentos legales y jurídicos (la ley de Educación Común 1420, el Reglamento de la Cárcel Correccional del Buen Pastor y decisiones judiciales en casos de infanticidio). Los resultados evidencian la función que tuvieron estos dispositivos en la gestión poblacional al consolidar una noción de mujer en base al ideal modélico de madre y esposa en distintos momentos y contextos socio-históricos de construcción del estado-nación.
Situación actual de Gentianella herrerae (Reimers) Zarucchi (Gentianaceae) en la Región Cusco, Perú
Authors: Tupayachi Herrera Alfredo
Published: December 2020

En la presente nota científica se da a conocer la situación actual de la especie hoy nominada como Gentianella herrerae (Reimers) Zarucchi colectada por única vez por el botánico cusqueño F. L. Herrera en la localidad de Jachacalla, Hacienda Ccapana Quispicanchi y enviado al herbario del Field Museum de Berlin (B) en 1926, identificada entonces como especie nueva Gentiana herrerae Raimers en 1929. Esta especie no se encuentra registrada en ningún herbario peruano (Castillo et al. 2006). En 2011 fue colectado por segunda vez por el autor de esta nota después de 85 años, lo que podrá ser considerando como un redescubrimiento de la especie.
PIE DIABÉTICO:
Authors: Cárdenas Delgado Yony Elizabeth , Molero Tejeira Gary Raúl
Published: December 2020

Se realizó un estudio prospectivo donde se revisaron 200 historias clínicas de pacientes diabéticos tipo II del Hospital EsSalud - Cusco. El 16.5% de diabéticos tipo II presentan el diagnóstico de pie diabético. El 100% de la población diabética presenta algún grado de severidad lesional, dentro de los cuales el grado 0 representa el 91.5%, el grado 1 el 5.5.% el grado 2 el 1%, el grado 3 el 1% similar el grado 4...
BIOPSIA ASPIRACION
Authors: Aragón Carrasco Violeta , Medrano Cruz Julio Rapul
Published: December 2020

La biopsia aspiración con agua fina (BAAF) tiene un reconocido valor en el diagnóstico de los módulos tiroideos. El presente estudio descriptivo de fuente documental tiene como objetivo conocer el grado de confiabilidad de la biopsia aspiración, comparando el citodiagn´óstico preoperatorio con el diagnóstico histopatológico en pacientes que se sometieron a resección quirúrgica de nódulo tiroideo en el Hospital Nacional Sur Este EsSalud.....
EL POEMA Y EL DERECHO
Authors: AMIRTHANAYAGAM INDRAN
Published: December 2020

Derecho y Poema
REPRESIÓN DE ACTOS LESIVOS HOMOGÉNEOS Y LA TUTELA JURISDICCIONAL EFECTIVA DEL PERSONAL DOCENTE QUE LABORÓ BAJO EL RÉGIMEN DE LAS LEYES 24029 Y 25212 EN EL PERÚ
Authors: DELGADO OTAZU ERICSON
Published: December 2020

Todo Estado está comprometido a garantizar a todo sujeto de derecho el acceso a la justicia, suministrando recursos judiciales efectivos a quienes se sientan agraviados; para ello, cada Estado debe optar con las medidas correspondientes para eliminar todo impedimento que obstaculice el pleno ejercicio de tal derecho; en el Perú contamos con la institución de la represión de actos lesivos homogéneos, regulado de manera genérica en el art. 60 del Código Procesal Constitucional; sin embargo, podría ser explotado y empleado con resultados muy favorables para garantizar una tutela jurisdiccional realmente efectiva, en determinados casos por ejemplo, los que involucran el reconocimiento de beneficios laborales del sector educación.

Every state is committed to guaranteeing to all legal subjects access to justice by providing effective judicial remedies to those who feel aggrieved; for this, each state must opt for the corresponding measures to eliminate any impediment that hinders the full exercise of such right; in Perú we have the institution of the repression of homogeneous harmful acts, regulated in a generic way in art. 60 of the Constitutional Procedural Code; however, it could be exploited and used with very favorable results to guarantee a really effective jurisdictional protection, in certain cases, for example, those that involvethe recognition of labor benefits in the education sector.
Root uptake under mismatched distributions of water and nutrients in the root zone
Authors: Yan Jing , Bogie Nathaniel A. , Ghezzehei Teamrat A.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Most plants derive their water and nutrient needs from soils where the resources are often scarce, patchy, and ephemeral. It is not uncommon for plant roots to encounter mismatched patches of water-rich and nutrient-rich regions in natural environments. Such an uneven distribution of resources necessitates plant reliance on strategies for exploring and acquiring nutrients from relatively dry patches. We conducted a laboratory study that elucidates the biophysical mechanisms that enable this adaptation. The roots of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings were laterally split and grown in two adjacent, hydraulically disconnected pots, which permitted precise control of water and nutrient applications to each compartment. We observed that the physical separation of water-rich and nutrient-rich compartments (one received 90 % water and 0 % nutrients and the other received 10 % water and 100 % nutrients) does not significantly stunt plant growth and productivity compared to two control treatments (control 1: 90 % water and 100 % nutrients versus 10 % water and 0 % nutrients; control 2: 50 % water and 50 % nutrients in each compartment). Specifically, we showed that soil dryness does not reduce nutrient uptake, vegetative growth, flowering, and fruiting compared to control treatments. We identified localized root proliferation in nutrient-rich dry soil patches as a critical strategy that enabled nutrient capture. We observed nocturnal rewetting of the nutrient-rich but dry soil zone (10 % water and 100 % nutrients) but not in the nutrient-free and dry zone of the control experiment (90 % water and 100 % nutrients). We interpreted the rewetting as the transfer of water from the wet to dry zones through roots, a process commonly known as hydraulic redistribution (HR). The occurrence of HR likely prevents the nutrient-rich soil from drying due to permanent wilting and the subsequent decline of root functions. Sustaining rhizosphere wetness is also likely to increase nutrient mobility and uptake. Lack of HR in the absence of nutrients suggests that HR is not entirely a passive, water-potential-gradient driven flow. The density and size of root hairs appeared to be higher (qualitative observation) in the nutrient-rich and dry compartments than in the nutrient-free and dry compartments. We also observed organic coating on sand grains in the rhizosphere of the nutrient-rich and dry compartments. The observations are consistent with prior observations that root hairs and rhizodeposition aid rhizosphere wetting. These findings were synthesized in a conceptual model that explains how plants of dry regions may be adapted to mismatched resources. This study also suggests that separating the bulk of applied nutrients from the frequently irrigated soil region can increase nutrient use efficiency and curtail water pollution from intensive agricultural systems.
Arctic Ocean acidification over the 21st century co-driven by anthropogenic carbon increases and freshening in the CMIP6 model ensemble
Authors: Terhaar Jens , Torres Olivier , Bourgeois Timothée , Kwiatkowski Lester
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The uptake of anthropogenic carbon (Cant) by the ocean leads to ocean acidification, causing the reduction of pH and the calcium carbonate saturation states of aragonite (Ωarag) and calcite (Ωcalc). The Arctic Ocean is particularly vulnerable to ocean acidification due to its naturally low pH and saturation states and due to ongoing freshening and the concurrent reduction in alkalinity in this region. Here, we analyse ocean acidification in the Arctic Ocean over the 21st century across 14 Earth System Models (ESMs) from the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Compared to the previous model generation (CMIP5), the inter-model uncertainty of projected end-of-century Arctic Ocean Ωarag/calc is reduced by 44–64 %. The strong reduction in projection uncertainties of Ωarag/calc can be attributed to compensation between Cant uptake and alkalinity reduction in the latest models. Specifically, ESMs with a large increase in Arctic Ocean Cant over the 21st century tend to simulate a relatively weak concurrent freshening and alkalinity reduction, while ESMs with a small increase in Cant simulate a relatively strong freshening and concurrent alkalinity reduction. Although both mechanisms contribute to Arctic Ocean acidification over the 21st century, the increase in Cant remains the dominant driver. Even under the low-emissions shared socioeconomic pathway SSP1-2.6, basin-wide averaged arag undersaturation occurs before the end of the century. While under the high-emissions pathway SSP5-8.5, the Arctic Ocean mesopelagic is projected to even become undersaturated with respect to calcite. An emergent constraint, identified in CMIP5, which relates present-day maximum sea surface densities in the Arctic Ocean to the projected end-of-century Arctic Ocean Cant inventory, is found to generally hold in CMIP6. However, a coincident constraint on Arctic declines in Ωarag/calc is not apparent in the new generation of models. This is due to both the reduction in Ωarag/calc projection uncertainty and the weaker direct relationship between projected changes in Arctic Ocean Cant and arag/calc. In CMIP6, models generally better simulate maximum sea surface densities in the Arctic Ocean and consequently the transport of Cant into the Arctic Ocean interior, with simulated historical increases in Cant in improved agreement with observational products.
Reviews and syntheses: Heterotrophic fixation of inorganic carbon –
significant but invisible flux in global carbon cycling
Authors: Braun Alexander , Spona-Friedl Marina , Avramov Maria , Elsner Martin , Baltar Federico , Reinthaler Thomas , Herndl Gerhard J. , Griebler Christian
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Heterotrophic CO2 fixation is a significant, yet underappreciated CO2 flux in the global carbon cycle. In contrast to photosynthesis and chemolithoautotrophy – the main recognized autotrophic CO2 fixation pathways – the importance of heterotrophic CO2 fixation remains enigmatic. All heterotrophs – from microorganisms to humans – take up CO2 and incorporate it into their biomass. Depending on the available growth substrates, heterotrophic CO2 fixation contributes at least 2–8 % and in the case of methanotrophs up to 50 % of the carbon building up their biomass. Assuming a standing stock of global heterotrophic biomass of 47–85 Pg C, we estimate that up to 7 Pg C have been derived from heterotrophic CO2 fixation and up to 20 Pg C yr−1 originating from heterotrophic CO2 fixation are funneled into the global annual heterotrophic production of 34–245 Pg C yr−1. These first estimates on the importance of heterotrophic fixation of inorganic carbon indicate that this carbon fixation pathway should be included in present and future global carbon budgets.
Subglacial topography and ice flux along the English Coast of Palmer Land, Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Winter Kate , Hill Emily A. , Gudmundsson G. Hilmar , Woodward John
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Recent satellite data have revealed widespread grounding line
retreat, glacier thinning, and associated mass loss along the Bellingshausen Sea sector, leading to increased concern for the stability of this region of
Antarctica. While satellites have greatly improved our understanding of
surface conditions, a lack of radio-echo sounding (RES) data in this region
has restricted our analysis of subglacial topography, ice thickness, and ice
flux. In this paper we analyse 3000 km of 150 MHz airborne RES data
collected using the PASIN2 radar system (flown at 3–5 km line spacing) to
investigate the subglacial controls on ice flow near the grounding lines
of Ers, Envisat, Cryosat, Grace, Sentinel, Lidke, and Landsat ice streams as
well as Hall and Nikitin glaciers. We find that each outlet is
topographically controlled, and when ice thickness is combined with surface
velocity data from MEaSUREs (Mouginot et al., 2019a), these outlets are
found to discharge over 39.25 ± 0.79 Gt a−1 of ice to floating
ice shelves and the Southern Ocean. Our RES measurements reveal that outlet
flows are grounded more than 300 m below sea level and that there is
limited topographic support for inland grounding line re-stabilization in a
future retreating scenario, with several ice stream beds dipping inland at
∼ 5∘ km−1. These data reinforce the importance of
accurate bed topography to model and understand the controls on inland ice
flow and grounding line position as well as overall mass balance and sea level
change estimates. RES data described in this paper are available through the UK Polar Data Centre:
https://doi.org/10.5285/E07D62BF-D58C-4187-A019-59BE998939CC (Corr and
Robinson, 2020).
The Berkeley Earth Land/Ocean Temperature Record
Authors: Rohde Robert A. , Hausfather Zeke
Published: December 2020

Abstract. A global land–ocean temperature record has been created
by combining the Berkeley Earth monthly land temperature field with
spatially kriged version of the HadSST3 dataset. This combined product spans
the period from 1850 to present and covers the majority of the Earth's
surface: approximately 57 % in 1850, 75 % in 1880, 95 % in 1960, and
99.9 % by 2015. It includes average temperatures in 1∘×1∘ lat–long grid cells for each month when available. It provides
a global mean temperature record quite similar to records from Hadley's
HadCRUT4, NASA's GISTEMP, NOAA's GlobalTemp, and Cowtan and Way and
provides a spatially complete and homogeneous temperature field. Two
versions of the record are provided, treating areas with sea ice cover as
either air temperature over sea ice or sea surface temperature under sea
ice, the former being preferred for most applications. The choice of how to
assess the temperature of areas with sea ice coverage has a notable impact
on global anomalies over past decades due to rapid warming of air
temperatures in the Arctic. Accounting for rapid warming of Arctic air
suggests ∼ 0.1 ∘C additional global-average
temperature rise since the 19th century than temperature series that do
not capture the changes in the Arctic. Updated versions of this dataset will
be presented each month at the Berkeley Earth website
(http://berkeleyearth.org/data/, last access: November 2020), and a convenience copy of the version
discussed in this paper has been archived and is freely available at
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3634713 (Rohde and Hausfather,
2020).
Dielectric database of organic Arctic soils (DDOAS)
Authors: Savin Igor , Mironov Valery , Muzalevskiy Konstantin , Fomin Sergey , Karavayskiy Andrey , Ruzicka Zdenek , Lukin Yuriy
Published: December 2020

Abstract. This article presents a dielectric database of organic
Arctic soils (DDOAS). The DDOAS was created based on the dielectric
measurements of seven samples of organic-rich soils collected in various
parts of the Arctic tundra: Yamal Peninsula, Taimyr Peninsula, Samoylov Island
(all in the Russian Federation) and the northern slope of Alaska (US). The organic
matter content (by weight) of the presented soil samples varied from 35 %
to 90 %. The refractive index (RI) and normalised attenuation coefficient
(NAC) were measured under laboratory conditions by the coaxial-waveguide
method in the frequency range from ∼ 10 MHz to ∼ 16 GHz, while the moisture content changed from air-dry to field capacity, and the temperature changed from −40 to +25 ∘C. The total
number of measured values of the RI and NAC contained in the database is
more than 1.5 million. The created database can serve not only as a source
of experimental data for the development of new soil dielectric models for
the Arctic tundra but also as a source of training data for artificial
intelligence satellite algorithms of soil moisture retrievals based on
neural networks. The DDOAS is presented as Excel files. The files of the DDOAS are
available on https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3819912 (Savin and Mironov, 2020).
A satellite-derived database for stand-replacing windthrow events in boreal forests of European Russia in 1986–2017
Authors: Shikhov Andrey N. , Chernokulsky Alexander V. , Azhigov Igor O. , Semakina Anastasia V.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Severe winds are among the main causes of disturbances in
boreal and temperate forests. Here, we present a new geographic information system (GIS) database of stand-replacing windthrow events in the forest zone of European Russia (ER) for the 1986–2017 period. The delineation of windthrow areas was based on the full Landsat archive and two Landsat-derived products on forest cover change, namely the Global Forest Change and the Eastern Europe's forest cover change datasets. Subsequent verification and analysis of each windthrow was carried out manually to determine the type of related storm event, its date or date range, and geometrical characteristics. The database contains 102 747 elementary areas of damaged forest that were combined into 700 windthrow events caused by 486 convective or non-convective storms. The database includes stand-replacing windthrows only with an area > 0.05 and > 0.25 km2 for the events caused by tornadoes and other storms, respectively. Additional information such as weather station reports and event descriptions from media sources is also provided. The total area of stand-replacing windthrows amounts to 2966 km2, which is 0.19 % of the forested area of the study region. Convective windstorms contribute 82.5 % to the total wind-damaged area, while tornadoes and non-convective windstorms are responsible for 12.9 % and 4.6 % of this area, respectively. Most of the windthrow events in ER happened in summer, which is in contrast to Western and Central Europe, where they mainly occur in autumn and winter. Due to several data and method limitations, the compiled database is spatially and temporally inhomogeneous and hence incomplete. Despite this incompleteness, the presented database provides a valuable source of spatial and temporal information on windthrow in ER and can be used by both science and management. The database is available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12073278.v6 (Shikhov et al., 2020).
Last Interglacial (sensu lato, ~130 to 75 ka) sea level history from cave deposits: a global standardized database
Authors: Dumitru Oana A. , Polyak Victor J. , Asmerom Yemane , Onac Bogdan P.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Cave deposits are powerful archives for reconstructing past sea levels as they are generally protected from weathering and erosion by their location and can be dated with U-series methods. Two main categories of cave deposits are recognized as sea level indicators: phreatic overgrowth on speleothems (POS) and submerged vadose speleothems (SVS). POS have the great advantage that they precipitate on preexisting vadose supports at a brackish water level equivalent to sea level when air-filled chambers of coastal caves are flooded by rising sea. SVS are also useful, but sea level is inferred indirectly as periods of growth provide constraints on maximum sea level positions, whereas growth hiatuses, sometimes difficult to observe, may indicate times when cave passages are submerged by sea high stands, hence they record minimum sea level elevations. Here we describe a compilation that summarizes the current knowledge of MIS 5 (sensu lato) sea level captured by cave deposits. We used the framework of the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines (WALIS), a comprehensive sea level database, to provide a standardized format in order to facilitate scientific research on MIS 5 sea level. The discussion is MIS 5e-centered, but records that capture MIS 5c and 5a are also included. We present the data from 59 cave deposits (26 sea-level index points and 33 limiting points) in coastal caves located in eight different locations, and we include the spatial coverage, the samples used and their accuracy as indicators of sea level, the isotopic characteristics used to generate the U-Th chronologies, and their scientific relevance to understand past sea-level changes. The paper also emphasizes how some of these indicators are useful not only for the information they offer about the eustatic sea level, but more importantly: i) those from tectonically stable areas provide information on Earth deformation and regional ice sheet histories, thus refining the glacial isostatic adjustments models and ii) those from active regions can constrain regional tectonic uplift rates. The standardized sea-level database presented here is the first of its kind derived from cave deposits and contains all the information needed to assess former paleo relative sea level and the chronological constraints associated with them. The database is available open-access at http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4313861 (Dumitru et al., 2020).
Assessment of numerical schemes for transient, finite-element ice
flow models using ISSM v4.18
Authors: dos Santos Thiago Dias , Morlighem Mathieu , Seroussi Hélène
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Time dependent simulations of ice sheets require two equations to be solved: the mass transport equation, derived from the conservation of mass, and the stress balance equation, derived from the conservation of momentum. The mass transport equation controls the advection of ice from the interior of the ice sheet towards its periphery, thereby changing its geometry. Because it is based on a hyperbolic partial differential equation, a stabilization scheme needs to be employed when solved using the finite element method. Several stabilization schemes exist in the finite element method framework, but their respective accuracy and robustness have not yet been systematically assessed for glaciological applications. Here, we compare classical schemes used in the context of the finite element method: (i) Artificial Diffusion, (ii) Streamline Upwinding, (iii) Streamline Upwind Petrov-Galerkin, (iv) Discontinuous Galerkin, and (v) Flux Corrected Transport. We also look at the stress balance equation, which is responsible for computing the ice velocity that `advects' the ice dowstream. To improve the velocity computation accuracy, the ice sheet modeling community employs several sub-element parameterizations of physical processes at the grounding line, the point where the grounded ice starts to float onto the ocean. Here, we introduce a new sub-element parameterization for the driving stress, the force that drives the ice sheet flow. We analyze the response of each stabilization scheme by running transient simulations forced by ice shelf basal melt. The simulations are based on an idealized ice sheet geometry for which there is no influence of bedrock topography. We also perform transient simulations of the Amundsen Sea Sector, West Antarctica, where real bedrock and surface elevations are employed. In both idealized and real ice sheet experiments, stabilization schemes based on artificial diffusion lead systematically to a bias towards more mass loss in comparison to the other schemes, and therefore, should be avoided or employed with a sufficiently high mesh resolution in the vicinity of the grounding line. We also run diagnostic simulations to assess the accuracy of the driving stress parameterization, which in combination with an adequate parameterization for basal stress, provides improved numerical convergence in ice speed computations and more accurate results.
Downsizing parameter ensembles for simulations of rare floods
Authors: Sikorska-Senoner Anna E. , Schaefli Bettina , Seibert Jan
Published: December 2020

Abstract. For extreme-flood estimation, simulation-based approaches represent an interesting alternative to purely statistical approaches, particularly if hydrograph shapes are required. Such simulation-based methods are adapted within continuous simulation frameworks that rely on statistical analyses of continuous streamflow time series derived from a hydrological model fed with long precipitation time series. These frameworks are, however, affected by high computational demands, particularly if floods with return periods > 1000 years are of interest or if modelling uncertainty due to different sources (meteorological input or hydrological model) is to be quantified. Here, we propose three methods for reducing the computational requirements for the hydrological simulations for extreme-flood estimation so that long streamflow time series can be analysed at a reduced computational cost. These methods rely on simulation of annual maxima and on analysing their simulated range to downsize the hydrological parameter ensemble to a small number suitable for continuous simulation frameworks. The methods are tested in a Swiss catchment with 10 000 years of synthetic streamflow data simulated thanks to a weather generator. Our results demonstrate the reliability of the proposed downsizing methods for robust simulations of rare floods with uncertainty. The methods are readily transferable to other situations where ensemble simulations are needed.
A Waveform Skewness Index for Measuring Time Series
Nonlinearity and its Applications to the ENSO-Indian Monsoon
Relationship
Authors: Schulte Justin , Policelli Frederick , Zaitchik Benjamin
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Many geophysical time series possess nonlinear characteristics that reflect the underlying physics of the phenomena the time series describe. The nonlinear character of times series can change with time, so it is important to quantify time series nonlinearity without assuming stationarity. A common way to quantify the time-evolution of time series nonlinearity is to compute sliding skewness time series, but it is shown here that such an approach can be misleading when time series contain periodicities. To remedy this deficiency of skewness, a new waveform skewness index is proposed for quantifying local nonlinearities embedded in time series. A waveform skewness spectrum is proposed for determining the frequency components that are contributing to time series waveform skewness. The new methods are applied to the El Niño/ Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian monsoon to test a recently proposed hypothesis that states that changes in the ENSO-Indian Monsson relationship are related to ENSO nonlinearity. We show that the ENSO-Indian rainfall relationship weakens during time periods of high ENSO waveform skewness. The results from two different analyses suggest that the breakdown of the ENSO-Indian monsoon relationship during time periods of high ENSO waveform skewness is related to the more frequent occurrence of strong central Pacific El Niño events, supporting arguments that changes in the ENSO-Indian rainfall relationship are not solely related to noise.
Testing lipid markers as predictors of all-cause morbidity, cardiac disease, and mortality risk in captive western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)
Authors: Edes Ashley N. , Brown Janine L. , Edwards Katie L.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Great apes and humans develop many of the same health conditions, including cardiac disease as a leading cause of death. In humans, lipid markers are strong predictors of morbidity and mortality risk. To determine if they similarly predict risk in gorillas, we measured five serum lipid markers and calculated three lipoprotein ratios from zoo-housed western lowland gorillas (aged 6–52 years, n=61, subset with routine immobilizations only: n=47): total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), TC∕HDL, LDL∕HDL, and TG∕HDL. We examined each in relation to age and sex, then analyzed whether they predicted all-cause morbidity, cardiac disease, and mortality using generalized linear models (GLMs). Older age was significantly associated with higher TG, TC∕HDL, LDL∕HDL, and TG∕HDL, and lower HDL and apoA1. With all ages combined, compared to females, males had significantly lower TG, TC∕HDL, LDL∕HDL, and TG∕HDL, and higher HDL. Using GLMs, age, sex, and lower LDL∕HDL were significant predictors of all-cause morbidity; this is consistent with research demonstrating lower LDL in humans with arthritis, which was the second most prevalent condition in this sample. In contrast to humans, lipid markers were not better predictors of cardiac disease and mortality risk in gorillas, with cardiac disease best predicted by age and sex alone, and mortality risk only by age. Similar results were observed when multimodel inference was used as an alternative analysis strategy, suggesting it can be used in place of or in addition to traditional methods for predicting risk.
Fatigue lifetime calculation of wind turbine blade bearings considering blade-dependent load distribution
Authors: Menck Oliver , Stammler Matthias , Schleich Florian
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Rotating bearings are some of the most commonly employed machine elements. As such, they are well-understood
and thoroughly researched pieces of technology. Fatigue lifetime calculation is internationally
standardized through ISO 281, which is based on the assumption that loads act on a bearing under
constant rotation. Blade bearings of wind turbines do not conform to this assumption since their movement typically consists of small, repetitive oscillations. Moreover, their load distribution differs considerably over the bearing circumference, a load case for which ISO 281 refers to ISO 16281 and which requires detailed simulations of the bearing to be sufficiently precise.
Aside from ISO 16281, the NREL DG03, a guideline for pitch and yaw bearing lifetime, lists two methods for incorporating bearing loads into the fatigue life calculation.
This paper compares all three methods. Two of the methods can not be used directly for the double-row four-point bearing used in this paper and are thus slightly adjusted. Load distributions in the bearing are simulated and curve-fit by means of a novel approach using regression analysis. The method from NREL DG03, which requires the least computational effort, is shown to result in a much higher lifetime than the other two, which are based on internal load distributions of the bearing. The two latter methods are shown to produce very similar results. An adjustment is proposed for increasing the accuracy of that lifetime calculation method which requires the least computational effort in order to resemble the other two more closely.
BURDEN OF PROOF, STANDARD OF PROOF, AND EVIDENCE ISSUES UNDER THE CISG
Authors: Orlandi Chiara Giovannucci
Published: December 2020

n/a
Histopathological Changes in the Gastric Mucosa with Long-term Use of a Percutaneous Gastrostomy Tube (PEG)
Authors: Derbala M. , Al Dweik N. , Pasic F. , Al Kaabi S. , Butt M. T. , Lopez A.
Published: December 2020

Of 95 randomly selected patients using a percutaneous gastrostomy tube (PEG), 20 required tube replacement at least six months after the initial placement In order to study the possible histopathological changes that might develop in the gastric mucosa with the prolonged use of PEG, gastric biopsies were taken during the replacement procedure. The overall procedure-related minor complication rate was 16.84%; the predominant complication was superficial peristomal wound infection. Other minor complications were tubal migration into the small bowel, surgical emphysema and stomal leak. Histopathological changes seen in six patients showed mild chronic nonspecific gastritis, the predominant cells being lymphocytes and plasma cells. There was no dysplasia or metaplasia. PEG is a safe method of feeding that does not predispose to significant gastric mucosal changes with long-term use. It has a low rate of morbidity even with markedly debilitated patients
Urinary Tract Injuries During Caesarean Section
Authors: Dauleh W. , Al Sakka M. , Shahata M.
Published: December 2020

A retrospective review of obstetric urinary tract injury in Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC) from January 1994 to December 2004 identified 16 cases from 21,337 Caesarean Sections. Diagnosis of bladder injury was immediate but of uretric injury was often delayed. Although the injury rates are lower than previously reported in the literature, 0.0016%-0.94% and 0.029%-0.09% for bladder and uretric injuries respectively compared to 0.07 and 0.01 for bladder and uretric injuries in Qatar; a previous caesarean section still represents the most common predisposing factor for intra-operative bladder injury (17 cases; 0.08%) while only one such injury occurred in a primary caesarean section (0.0047%).
Diseño de envases y la pandemia: Cambios en el sector alimentación en Brasil
Authors: Wittmann Luiz Rogério , Dantas Denise
Published: December 2020

Este artículo realiza un análisis de noticias e investigaciones relacionadas con los cambios de hábitos de consumo de productos alimenticios en Brasil durante el período que se extiende de marzo a julio de 2020, cuando el mundo enfrentó la pandemia de Covid-19. Se buscan identificar los cambios en el comportamiento de los consumidores en el sector alimenticio con el fin de proponer nuevas soluciones de Diseño. Para ello, se realizó una investigación bibliográfica exploratoria en sitios de noticias, órganos gubernamentales, institutos de investigación, revistas especializadas y webinars, seguida de un análisis descriptivo de los resultados obtenidos. Como conclusión, se presenta un cuadro que describe la situación actual en Brasil relacionado con los cambios identificados en los hábitos de consumo y las posibles soluciones que pueden ser empleadas en nuevos diseños de envases de alimentos que satisfacen las necesidades de los consumidores en una situación de pandemia, aislamiento social y restricciones de movilidad.
Voces aisladas: Reflexiones de adultos mayores sobre el uso y la accesibilidad del packaging durante el confinamiento
Authors: Yoxall Alaster
Published: December 2020

El uso de envases por parte de adultos mayores es un evento complejo y multifacético. Es un evento multifacético complejo en tiempos normales. A medida que envejecemos, nuestra fuerza, destreza y capacidad cognitiva disminuyen naturalmente, y es más probable que tengamos problemas de salud. Aislados y retirados de las redes de apoyo normales, muchos adultos mayores tendrían que adaptarse para acceder a los alimentos. El trabajo previo del autor mostró que las influencias de compra se podían dividir en tres áreas: atributos de empaque como tamaño, forma o peso, familiaridad indica si una persona había comprado la marca antes, y factores ambientales como el clima que afecta la capacidad de comprar o la proximidad de familiares o amigos.
Este pequeño estudio de 30 encuestados mostró que la pandemia de Covid-19 distorsionó estas influencias para todos los encuestados, ha reducido su oportunidad de elección y aumentado su dependencia de los demás. En trabajos anteriores, el autor había dividido las estrategias de afrontamiento para tratar estos problemas, tanto físicos (el uso de cuchillos, etc.) como emocionales (el uso de parientes, amigos, etc.). La pandemia también aumentó la necesidad de estas estrategias en las que los encuestados tuvieron que usar cuchillos en artículos desconocidos o usar redes de apoyo ad hoc, como pedir un abrelatas a través de una ventana.
Ecodiseño de envases para una economía circular
Authors: Huerta Oscar
Published: December 2020

Envases y embalajes cumplen funciones importantes para la protección y manejo de productos, antes de llegar a sus destinatarios y durante su uso o consumo. Sus residuos post consumo, sin embargo, impactan negativamente al medio ambiente. Por esto en Chile están afectos a la ley de responsabilidad extendida del productor, en su avance hacia una economía circular. Los impactos de los envases y embalajes provienen, no solo de sus residuos, sino de todo su ciclo de vida. Este artículo se orienta a una audiencia de profesionales y académicos de Diseño y tiene dos objetivos: indagar sobre las mejores formas de implementar una economía circular para minimizar los impactos negativos de ciclo de vida de envases y embalajes, e indagar sobre los roles que las disciplinas de Diseño pueden desempeñar en el contexto de la ley. Entre los elementos de la ley, el ecodiseño emerge como un instrumento especialmente relevante para evitar impactos negativos. Su ámbito de acción, desde la planificación, Diseño y desarrollo de productos y envases, es estratégico para la toma de decisiones con responsabilidad ambiental ayudando a prevenir sus impactos. Las disciplinas de Diseño suelen participar en etapas tempranas del desarrollo de productos y envases. Esta posición privilegiada les otorga el potencial de ser parte instrumental de las soluciones en envases y embalajes para el cumplimiento de la ley minimizando impactos ambientales.
Situación del cuyamel (Joturus pichardi): pez de importancia cultural y comercial para los pobladores de la zona cultural de la Reserva del Hombre y la Biósfera del Río Plátano
Authors: López Irías Ester Agar , Gómez Valladares Heydi Paola , Callejas Álvarez Nelly Arjany , Pérez Antúnez Jorge Alberto , Martínez Marcio Arnoldo , Pinoth Arguijo Rut Ester , Krauter Hans Jorg
Published: December 2020

El área de estudio se encuentra en La Reserva del Hombre y Biosfera del Río Plátano (RHBRP), patrimonio mundial para la humanidad desde 1982 de acuerdo a la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (UNESCO). El objetivo de esta investigación fue dar respuesta a la preocupación manifestada por los pobladores de la reserva sobre la disminución del cuyamel (Joturus pichardi) en la pesca artesanal. Dicha inquietud fue expresada al Programa de Adaptación al Cambio Climático en el Sector Forestal (CLIFOR) de la Cooperación Alemana y al Instituto de Conservación y Desarrollo Forestal, Áreas Protegidas y Vida Silvestre (ICF). Por tratarse de una especie de importancia cultural y un objeto de conservación, ambas instituciones buscaron la colaboración de la Escuela de Biología de la Facultad de Ciencias/UNAH para diseñar y ejecutar el proyecto de vinculación e investigación que se presenta en este documento. Inicia una alianza estratégica entre las tres entidades para benefi cio de las comunidades de la RHBRP. Se aplicó el “Protocolo de Monitoreo de Pesca Marina y Lagunar” (López, et al, 2018), basado en el modelo analítico tradicional propuesto por Sparre y Venema (1997). Simultáneamente se aplicaron encuestas sobre la pesca de cuyamel a los pescadores locales, quienes indicaron la disminución de la población de peces en los últimos años debido a la sobrepesca, el uso de dinamita y la aplicación de veneno. A pesar de ser la especie central del estudio, el cuyamel (Joturus pichardi) no resultó ser una de las principales especies de captura con lo que se corroboró la percepción de la comunidad sobre la especie. Se debe tener en cuenta que existe una pesca ilegal dirigida hacia el cuyamel, sobre todo practicada por pescadores provenientes de otras zonas del país. Es por esta razón que se recomienda continuar con los monitoreos en la pesca artesanal de las comunidades dentro de la biósfera, así como la capacitación de guarda recursos y técnicos locales para la recopilación de datos biométricos de los individuos de cuyamel capturados durante las temporadas seca y lluviosa. Por otra parte, se debe considerar las posibilidades de cultivar esta especie en su hábitat natural.
FITOSSANIDADE DA FLORESTA URBANA LINEAR DA RUA ANCHIETA EM JUNDIAÍ-SP, BRASIL
Authors: Musselli June Ferraz , Martinez Natasha Macias , Rocha-Lima Ana Beatriz Carollo
Published: December 2020

A arborização urbana interfere diretamente na qualidade ambiental das cidades, por isso é de suma importância que as árvores existentes no ambiente urbano sejam frequentemente avaliadas, evitando-se assim remoções desnecessárias ou quedas que podem trazer riscos aos transeuntes e aos bens materiais. Portanto, o principal objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o estado fitossanitário das árvores da Rua Anchieta em Jundiaí-SP. Também foram avaliados outros parâmetros correlatos como espécie, largura do passeio, problemas com raiz, conflito com a rede elétrica, circunferência na altura do peito (CAP), diâmetro de copa, altura total, interferência no trânsito e idade estimada. A motivação do presente estudo foi o grande tráfego diário de pessoas e veículos que passam por esse local diariamente. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a maior parte das árvores da Rua Anchieta em Jundiaí-SP encontram-se em estado fitossanitário regular, porém seis indivíduos arbóreos se revelaram bastante deteriorados, indicando uma possível necessidade de remoção.
Nurse adaptability: Implementing clinical trials in the midst of a pandemic
Authors: Mendez Sarah J. , Raimondo Brian , Hughes Patricia
Published: December 2020

Working in Manhattan, the center of the nations’ outbreak of the novel coronavirus-19 virus truly demonstrated how adaptable nurses are. During this time, multiple clinical research trials began at our academic medical center, NYU Langone Health, as researchers attempted to learn what medical interventions worked best to treat critically-ill COVID-19 patients. In designing and implementing these trials, the researchers had little familiarity with the workings of inpatient hospital units. They did not understand how nursing staff provided care to patients on these units. Likewise, many bedside nurses had never assisted researchers in conducting clinical research on their patients. Therefore, a nursing operations team (NOT) was needed to assist both the research teams and the inpatient nurses. NOT met with the researchers to review proposed clinical research trials and determine how nursing staff would be utilized to complete the required research tasks such as specimen and data collection, study intervention administration, and patient monitoring. Toward that end, NOT developed education and training materials on all of the research trials that were implemented at NYU Langone Health for our bedside nurses. This education included tip sheets, safety huddle rounds with the involved units, and “just in time” education to any nurse whose patient was urgently enrolled in a trial. In this way, NOT helped bedside nurses quickly adapt to their role in assisting the research team conduct their studies on our COVID positive inpatients.
INFLUENCE OF ATTENDING EXTRACURRICULAR SPORTS ACTIVITIES ON FUNCTIONAL ABILITIES OF FIFTH AND SIXTH GRADE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors:   Aspira University College, Split, Croatia, Androja Luka , Miočić Josip ,   Aspira University College, Split, Croatia, Adžić Dražen ,   Elementary school Šimuna Kožičića Benje, Zadar, Croatia, Bilić Žarko ,   Elementary school Šimuna Kožičića Benje, Zadar, Croatia
Published: December 2020

The sample consisted of 121 respondents from fifth and sixth-grade elementary schools from the City of Zadar. A research was conducted to determine the differences between students who, in addition to physical education and health education, also attend some other form of extracurricular sports activity. By conducting a descriptive analysis, we obtained results that show us that male students engaged in extracurricular activity achieved 21.28% better average results than respondents who do not engage in extracurricular activities. Female respondents engaged in extracurricular activities achieved 9.16% better results than respondents who did not engage in extracurricular activities (better scores in the test to assess functional ability (F6 test)). Using the t-test, we found that empirical levels of significance were statistically significant (p = 0.000) for all respondents in both sexes in functional abilities (F6 test). The authors can claim that students attending some forms of extracurricular sports activity have a better score in the variable F6. By performing regression analysis, authors cannot predict the result in the F6 test based on anthropometric characteristics of body height (TV) and body weight (TT). To improve the functional abilities of students, each teacher should encourage them to attend some additional forms of extracurricular sports activities in the form of improving the overall anthropological status.
THE USE OF ELECTROMYOGRAM IN FOOTBALL SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors:   University of Niš, Faculty of Sports and Physical Education, Serbia, Katanić Borko , Ilić Predrag ,   University of Niš, Faculty of Sports and Physical Education, Serbia, Stojmenović Aleksandar ,   University of Niš, Faculty of Sports and Physical Education, Serbia, Stanković Mima ,   University of Niš, Faculty of Sports and Physical Education, Serbia, Vitasović Manja ,   Equestrian Club Gorska Team, Serbia
Published: December 2020

The aim of this systematic review was to indicate and discuss the use of electromyogram in football. For the literature review, following electronic databases were used: Google School, PubMed, Medline and Mendeley for the period from 2005. to 2019. 20 papers were selected for this systematic review based on the established criteria. These studies focused the most on researching the following muscles: m.musculus quadriceps, m.biceps femoris, m.gastrocnemius, m.tibalis anterior and m. gluteus maximus. The review has determined quite a heterogenic choice of topics when it comes to the use of the electromyogram (herein after referred to as: EMG) in football, so the obtained results were grouped based on the similar characteristics. Therefore, the results were categorized according to the following topics: acute effects of the specific football activity, impact of the football strength training, training of kicking on the ball, results based on the difference in sexes, while the rest of the results were sorted in the joint group. Summarizing of the obtained results provides the insight in the multiple possibility for use of EMG in football in order to develop high quality analysis of the neuro-muscle activation of a certain muscle regions of the football players.