bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A machine learning model for prediction of sarcopenia in patients with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Kim Minkyeong , Kim Doeon , Kang Heeyoung , Park Seongjin , Kim Shinjune , Yoo Jun-Il
Published: January 2024

Objective

Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have an increased risk of sarcopenia which is expected to negatively affect gait, leading to poor clinical outcomes including falls. In this study, we investigated the gait patterns of patients with PD with and without sarcopenia (sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups, respectively) using an app-derived program and explored if gait parameters could be utilized to predict sarcopenia based on machine learning.

Methods

Clinical and sarcopenia profiles were collected from patients with PD at Hoehn and Yahr (HY) stage ≤ 2. Sarcopenia was defined based on the updated criteria of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. The gait patterns of the patients with and without sarcopenia were recorded and analyzed using a smartphone application. The random forest model was applied to predict sarcopenia in patients with PD.

Results

Data from 38 patients with PD were obtained, among which 9 (23.7%) were with sarcopenia. Clinical parameters were comparable between the sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups. Among various clinical and gait parameters, the average range of motion of the hip joint showed the highest association with sarcopenia. Based on the random forest algorithm, the combined difference in knee and ankle angles from standing still before walking to the maximum angle during walking (Kneeankle_diff), the difference between the angle when standing still before walking and the maximum angle during walking for the ankle (Ankle_dif), and the min angle of the hip joint (Hip_min) were the top three features that best predict sarcopenia. The accuracy of this model was 0.949.

Conclusions

Using smartphone app and machine learning technique, our study revealed gait parameters that are associated with sarcopenia and that help predict sarcopenia in PD. Our study showed potential application of advanced technology in clinical research.
Colon length in pediatric health and constipation measured using magnetic resonance imaging and three dimensional skeletonization
Authors: Sharif Hayfa , Hoad Caroline L. , Abrehart Nichola , Gowland Penny A. , Spiller Robin C. , Kirkham Sian , Loganathan Sabarinathan , Papadopoulos Michalis , Benninga Marc A. , Devadason David , Marciani Luca
Published: January 2024

Recent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies showed that colonic volumes in children are different between health and functional constipation. The length of the colon has however been rarely measured and principally using unphysiological colon preparations or cadaver studies. The main objective of this study was to measure the length of the undisturbed colon in children with functional constipation (FC) and healthy controls. Here, the colon of 19 healthy controls (10–18 years old) and 16 children with FC (7–18 years old) was imaged using MRI. Different regions of the colon (ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid-rectum) were first segmented manually on the MRI images. Three-dimensional skeletonization image analysis methods were then used to reduce the regions of interest to a central, measurable line. Total colon length (corrected for body surface area) in healthy controls was 56±2 cm/m2 (mean±SEM). Total colon length was significantly longer in children with FC 69±3 cm/m2 compared to controls (p = 0.0037). The colon regions showing the largest differences between groups were the ascending colon (p = 0.0479) and the sigmoid-rectum (p = 0.0003). In a linear regression model, there was a positive significant correlation between total colon length and age (R = 0.45, p = 0.0064), height (R = 0.49, p = 0.0031), weight (R = 0.46, p = 0.0059) and colon volume (R = 0.4543, p = 0.0061). Our findings showed significant differences in colon lengths between healthy controls and children with constipation. A new objective diagnostic imaging endpoint such as colon length may help to improve knowledge of colon morphology and function and, in turn, understanding of colon functional pathology.
Characterization and biological applications of gonadal extract of Paracentrotus lividus collected along the Mediterranean coast of Alexandria, Egypt
Authors: Nagy Nehal Shawky , Essawy Amina Essawy , Al-Sherif Soheir Salem , Ali Mohamad Moustafa , Alsawy Eman Sheta , Helal Mohamed
Published: January 2024

Marine invertebrates represent a valuable reservoir of pharmaceutical bioactive compounds with potential relevance to various medical applications. These compounds exhibit notable advantages when compared to their terrestrial counterparts, in terms of their potency, activity, and mechanism of action. Within this context, the present work aimed to extract, chemically characterize, and investigate the bioactivity of the gonadal extract of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (P. lividus) collected along the Mediterranean coast of Alexandria, Egypt. Fractions of the gonadal extract were characterized by Spectrophotometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and their bioactivities were investigated in vitro. The analysis supported the extract richness of carotenoids and bioactive compounds. The extract showed promising anticancer activity against three different breast cancer cell lines with different levels of aggressiveness and causative factors, namely MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-453, and HCC-1954. Gene expression analysis using RT-qPCR showed that P. lividus extract inhibited the expression of crucial factors involved in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. In addition, the extract significantly inhibited the lipo-polysaccharides (LPS) induced inflammation in the RAW264.7 macrophage cell line and exerted anti-bacterial activity against the Gram-negative bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Collectively, these results demonstrated the chemical richness and the wide-scale applicability of P. lividus gonadal extract as an anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory natural extract.
Old and new joint characterizations of leximin and variants of rank-weighted utilitarianism
Authors: Sakamoto Norihito
Published: January 2024

This paper proposes a new class of efficient and equitable social welfare orderings, a generalized leximin rule that includes rank-weighted utilitarianism, leximin, and their lexicographic compositions. While the famous Deschamps and Gevers’ joint characterization theorem shows that a Paretian, anonymous, separable social welfare ordering must be either weak utilitarianism, leximin, or leximax under the assumption of cardinal full comparability, this study provides a new joint characterization theorem in which imposing rank-separability, instead of separability, enables acceptable social welfare ordering to be the generalized leximin rule. This result is proven by an intuitive and easy-to-understand method, which also helps show the mechanism by which a class of Paretian, anonymous, and separable social welfare orderings is limited to weak utilitarianism and leximin.
Impact of cellulose and lignin on restoration of vegetation and soil chemical properties for saline-alkali soil of songnen plain
Authors: Fu Fengzhen , Luo Jianping , Zhao Longfei , Yang Fengjun , Wang Ning
Published: January 2024

To explore the effects of cellulose and lignin on stimulating vegetation restoration and improving soil chemical properties in saline-alkali soil, a large area test was carried out, and 2 treatments were set up: T (cellulose and lignin+ Planted seeds) and CK (Planted seeds). In this study, the species, quantity, plant height, above-ground biomass, biodiversity of vegetation in the treated plots, the determination of soil chemical nutrient content, and the effect of cellulose and lignin on vegetation restoration in saline-alkali land were investigated. The results showed that: 1) Cellulose and lignin contributed to vegetation growth. Compared with CK treatment, plant height and aboveground biomass of T increased by 158.73% and 240.13%, respectively; 2) Cellulose and lignin improved soil structure, and soil porosity, and decreased soil compaction (21.95%); 3) Compared with CK treatment, T treatment decreased soil pH by 0.5 units, total salt content decreased by 30.95%, exchangeable Na+ decreased by 63.00%, and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) decreased by 61.51%. Furthermore, cellulose and lignin effectively improved the physical and chemical properties of saline-alkali soil, promoted the recovery of ecological environment in saline-alkali soil, and improved regional biodiversity, which will provide new methods for soil remediation and improvement in saline-alkali areas.
Prevalence of multimorbidity in Brazilian individuals: A population-based study
Authors: Silva da Silveira Ana Daniela , Monteiro dos Santos Jonas Eduardo , de Camargo Cancela Marianna , de Souza Dyego Leandro Bezerra
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity in Brazilian individuals and its association with sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. This cross-sectional study used data from the National Health Survey conducted in 2019 with 88,531 Brazilian adults Multimorbidity is the presence of two or more non-communicable chronic diseases. Associated factors were assessed by calculating the prevalence ratio (PR) obtained using Poisson regression with robust variance. Multimorbidity was estimated in 29.9% (95%CI: 29.33% to 30.48%) of Brazilian individuals. In the multiple models, the prevalence was high in women (PR: 1.37; 95%CI: 1.32 to 1.42), individuals over 60 years (PR: 4.26; 95%CI: 3.87 to 4.69), non-employed (PR: 1.20; 95%CI: 1.15 to 1.26), individuals with obesity (PR: 1.49; 95%CI: 1.43 to 1.56), and smokers (PR: 1.24; 95%CI: 1.19 to 1.29). This study identified a high prevalence of multimorbidity and its association with sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. The monitoring of these outcomes may support the development of policies and services.
Trend and determinants of unmet need for family planning among married women in Ethiopia, evidence from Ethiopian demographic and health survey 2000–2016; multilevel analysis
Authors: Alemu Meseret Desalegn , Workie Shimelash Bitew , Kussa Sintayehu , Gidey Tesfaye Tsegaye , Berheto Tezera Moshago
Published: January 2024

Background

Unmet need refers to the gap between women’s desires and contraception use to monitor their fertility level. According to the data, unplanned pregnancies are more likely to result in miscarriage and other obstetric difficulties, have poor maternal health care usage, and have a higher risk of having babies who are underweight. Information on the trend of unmet family planning needs in Ethiopia is scarce. The aim of this study was to examine the trend and determinants of unmet need for family planning among married or in union women in Ethiopia from 2000 to 2016.

Method

Cross-sectional study design from secondary data was performed. Data for the study was obtained from four consecutive Ethiopian Demographic Health Surveys 2000 to 2016. The survey employs a nationally representative sample of households using a multistage stratified sampling technique. A descriptive analysis was done to see the trend in unmet need. Multivariable, multilevel logistic regression was performed to assess individual and community-level determinants. An adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at a 95% confidence interval and a p-value of 0.05 were used to declare the level of significance.

Result

Unmet need declined by 40.2%, from 37.3% to 22.3%, from 2000 to 2016. Rural (AOR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.27–1.59), number of living children > = 5 (AOR = 1.14 (1.04–1.24), age at first marriage > = 18 years (AOR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.09–1.21), knowing at least one method of Family Planning (FP) (AOR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.43–1.72), and no previous use of FP (1.27 (1.20–1.36) were associated with increased unmet need. While women between the ages of 20 and 24 (AOR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.64–0.79), 25–29 (AOR = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.55–0.70), 40–44 (AOR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.39–0.50), 45–49 (AOR = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.18–0.24), the richest wealth index (AOR = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.80–0.96.

Conclusion

The level of unmet need has decreased significantly in Ethiopia over the past 16 years. Age, educational level, media exposure, number of living children, age at first marriage, parity, previous use of FP, knowledge of FP, wealth index, regional setting, residence (rural), and survey year all have an association with an unmet need for family planning.
Promoting community resilience through disaster education: Review of community-based interventions with a focus on teacher resilience and well-being
Authors: Fu Qingchen , Zhang Xing
Published: January 2024

Teachers play a pivotal role, both as educators and community leaders at the heart of any communities. This study seeks to address: "How do community-based interventions influence teacher resilience and well-being in the context of disaster education, and consequently, how does this affect overall community resilience?" Employing the rigorous PRISMA systematic review approach, we examined relevant studies, emphasizing the relationship between teacher resilience, well-being, and the efficacy of community-based disaster education interventions. 47 studies met the specific inclusion criteria and were included in in-depth analysis. This study identified a set of key interventions that have demonstrably boosted teacher resilience and well-being. There was a discernible positive relationship between teacher resilience and the effectiveness of community disaster education initiatives. The relationship between teacher resilience, their well-being, and effective community-based disaster education interventions is intricate and multifaceted. Enhanced teacher resilience contributes substantially to the success of disaster education programs. The interplay between teacher and community resilience emerged as a complex, symbiotic relationship, with teacher well-being acting as a cornerstone for effective community-based interventions. Reinforcing teacher resilience and well-being is integral to the success of community-based disaster education initiatives. Ensuring their well-being not only enhances educational outcomes but also fortifies community resilience. Teachers play a pivotal role in not only educating the younger generation but also in enhancing community resilience. Thus, any strategy aimed at supporting community resilience must integrate comprehensive measures to ensure the well-being and resilience of teachers. This nexus between education and community resilience emphasizes the necessity for integrated, holistic, and community-centric approaches to disaster management.
Energy efficient virtual machines placement in cloud datacenters using genetic algorithm and adaptive thresholds
Authors: Alourani Abdullah , Khalid Aqsa , Tahir Muhammad , Sardaraz Muhammad
Published: January 2024

Cloud computing platform provides on-demand IT services to users and advanced the technology. The purpose of virtualization is to improve the utilization of resources and reduce power consumption. Energy consumption is a major issue faced by data centers management. Virtual machine placement is an effective technique used for this purpose. Different algorithms have been proposed for virtual machine placement in cloud environments. These algorithms have considered different parameters. It is obvious that improving one parameter affects other parameters. There is still a need to reduce energy consumption in cloud data centers. Data centers need solutions that reduce energy consumption without affecting other parameters. There is a need to device solutions to effectively utilize cloud resources and reduce energy consumption. In this article, we present an algorithm for Virtual Machines (VMs) placement in cloud computing. The algorithm uses adaptive thresholding to identify over utilized and underutilized hosts to reduce energy consumption and Service Level Agreement (SLA) violations. The algorithm is validated with simulations and comparative results are presented.
Physical activity among older adults with multimorbidity: Evidence from a population-based health survey
Authors: Ferreira Bruno Holanda , Aguiar Ricardo Goes de , Santos Edige Felipe de Sousa , Cesar Chester Luiz Galvão , Goldbaum Moisés , Monteiro Camila Nascimento
Published: January 2024

Introduction

The promotion of physical activity has been recognized as an important component in the management and prevention of multimorbidity, a condition that is increasing prevalent worldwide, including in Brazil. However, there is a scarcity of studies exploring the disparity in physical activity levels between individuals with and without multimorbidity. Therefore, the study aimed to estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity and physical activity among older adults, as well as analyze the relationship of a sufficient level of physical activity and multimorbidity, while considering sociodemographic characteristics of residents in São Paulo, Brazil.

Materials and methods

Data from 1.019 participants aged 60 years or older (59.7% female; mean age 69.7±7.7) were collected from the Health Survey (ISA-Capital, 2015) conducted in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. We defined multimorbidity as the presence of two or more chronic conditions, and for physical activity, classified a sufficient level (≥150 min/week). Prevalence Ratios (PR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (95%CI) were estimated using univariate and multivariate Poisson regression to examine the relationship between multimorbidity and sufficient level of physical activity.

Results

67.7% of the participants lived with multimorbidity, while 30.1% had achieved a sufficient level of physical activity. There was a higher prevalence of sufficient level of physical activity among older adults with two (PR = 1.38; 95%CI 1.02–1.88) and four (PR = 1.37; 95%CI 1.00–1.87) chronic conditions. Older adults with multimorbidity who were 70 years or older (PR = 1.77; 95%IC 1.13–2.77), female (PR = 1.65; 95%CI 1.16–2.36), without a partner (PR = 1.43; 95%IC 1.03–1.99), and had a per capita income of 1 to 2.5 (PR = 1.83; 95%IC 1.00–3.33) were more likely to achieve a sufficient level of physical activity compared to their peers without multimorbidity.

Conclusions

The study highlights sociodemographic disparities in the sufficient level of physical activity among multimorbidity, suggesting the importance of considering these factors when planning public policies aimed at promoting physical activity.
Hot alkaline lysis gDNA extraction from formalin-fixed archival tissues
Authors: Hahn Erin E. , Alexander Marina , Stiller Jiri , Grewe Peter M. , Holleley Clare E.
Published: January 2024

Formalin fixation of natural history specimens and histopathological material has historically been viewed as an impediment to successful genomic analysis. However, the development of extraction methods specifically tailored to contend with heavily crosslinked archival tissues, re-contextualises millions of previously overlooked specimens as viable molecular assets. Here, we present an easy-to-follow protocol for screening archival wet specimens for molecular viability and subsequent genomic DNA extraction suitable for sequencing. The protocol begins with non-destructive assessment of specimen degradation and preservation media conditions to allow both museum curators and researchers to select specimens most likely to yield an acceptable proportion (20–60%) of mappable endogenous DNA during short-read DNA sequencing. The extraction protocol uses hot alkaline lysis in buffer (0.1M NaOH, 1% SDS, pH 13) to simultaneously lyse and de-crosslink the tissue. To maximise DNA recovery, phenol:chloroform extraction is coupled with a small-fragment optimised SPRI bead clean up. Applied to well-preserved archival tissues, the protocol can yield 1–2 μg DNA per 50 mg of tissue with mean fragment sizes typically ranging from 50–150 bp, which is suitable to recover genomic DNA sufficient to reconstruct complete mitochondrial genomes and achieve up to 25X nuclear genome coverage. We provide guidance for read mapping to a reference genome and discuss the limitations of relying on small fragments for SNP genotyping and de novo genome assembly. This protocol opens the door to broader-scale genetic and phylogenetic analysis of historical specimens, contributing to a deeper understanding of evolutionary trends and adaptation in response to changing environments.
Identification of viral protein R of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) and interleukin-6 as risk factors for malignancies in HIV-infected individuals: A cohort study
Authors: Matsunaga Akihiro , Ando Naokatsu , Yamagata Yuko , Shimura Mari , Gatanaga Hiroyuki , Oka Shinichi , Ishizaka Yukihito
Published: January 2024

Background

Despite effective antiretroviral therapy, patients with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV) suffer from a high frequency of malignancies, but related risk factors remain elusive. Here, we focused on blood-circulating viral protein R (Vpr) of HIV, which induces proinflammatory cytokine production and genotoxicity by exogenous functions.

Methods and findings

A total 404 blood samples of HIV patients comprising of 126 patients with malignancies (tumor group) and 278 patients without malignancies (non-tumor group), each of 96 samples was first selected by one-to-one propensity score matching. By a detergent-free enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (detection limit, 3.9 ng/mL), we detected Vpr at a higher frequency in the matched tumor group (56.3%) than in the matched non-tumor group (39.6%) (P = 0.030), although there was no different distribution of Vpr levels (P = 0.372). We also detected anti-Vpr immunoglobulin (IgG), less frequently in the tumor group compared with the tumor group (22.9% for tumor group vs. 44.8% for non-tumor group, P = 0.002), and the proportion of patients positive for Vpr but negative of anti-Vpr IgG was significantly higher in the tumor group than in the non-tumor group (38.6% vs. 15.6%, respectively, P < 0.001). Additionally, Interleukin-6 (IL-6), the levels of which were high in HIV-1 infected patients (P < 0.001) compared to non-HIV-infected individuals, was significantly higher in advanced cases of tumors (P < 0.001), and IL-6 level was correlated with Vpr in the non-tumor group (P = 0.010). Finally, multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested a positive link of Vpr with tumor occurrence in HIV patients (P = 0.002).

Conclusion

Vpr and IL-6 could be risk factors of HIV-1 associated malignancies, and it would be importance to monitor these molecules for well managing people living with HIV-1.
TRIM26 alleviates fatal immunopathology by regulating inflammatory neutrophil infiltration during Candida infection
Authors: Zhao Guimin , Li Yanqi , Chen Tian , Liu Feng , Zheng Yi , Liu Bingyu , Zhao Wei , Qi Xiaopeng , Sun Wanwei , Gao Chengjiang
Published: January 2024

Fungal infections have emerged as a major concern among immunocompromised patients, causing approximately 2 million deaths each year worldwide. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying antifungal immunity remain elusive and require further investigation. The E3 ligase Trim26 belongs to the tripartite motif (Trim) protein family, which is involved in various biological processes, including cell proliferation, antiviral innate immunity, and inflammatory responses. Herein, we report that Trim26 exerts protective antifungal immune functions after fungal infection. Trim26-deficient mice are more susceptible to fungemia than their wild-type counterparts. Mechanistically, Trim26 restricts inflammatory neutrophils infiltration and limits proinflammatory cytokine production, which can attenuate kidney fungal load and renal damage during Candida infection. Trim26-deficient neutrophils showed higher proinflammatory cytokine expression and impaired fungicidal activity. We further demonstrated that excessive neutrophils infiltration in the kidney was because of the increased production of chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL2, which are mainly synthesized in the macrophages or dendritic cells of Trim26-deficient mice after Candida albicans infections. Together, our study findings unraveled the vital role of Trim26 in regulating antifungal immunity through the regulation of inflammatory neutrophils infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression during candidiasis.
Overproduction of mycotoxin biosynthetic enzymes triggers Fusarium toxisome-shaped structure formation via endoplasmic reticulum remodeling
Authors: Wang Minhui , Wu Ningjie , Wang Huiyuan , Liu Chang , Chen Qiaowan , Xu Tianming , Chen Yun , Zhao Youfu , Ma Zhonghua
Published: January 2024

Mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) produced by the Fusarium graminearum complex is highly toxic to animal and human health. During DON synthesis, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of F. graminearum is intensively reorganized, from thin reticular structure to thickened spherical and crescent structure, which was referred to as “DON toxisome”. However, the underlying mechanism of how the ER is reorganized into toxisome remains unknown. In this study, we discovered that overproduction of ER-localized DON biosynthetic enzyme Tri4 or Tri1, or intrinsic ER-resident membrane proteins FgHmr1 and FgCnx was sufficient to induce toxisome-shaped structure (TSS) formation under non-toxin-inducing conditions. Moreover, heterologous overexpression of Tri1 and Tri4 proteins in non-DON-producing fungi F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and F. fujikuroi also led to TSS formation. In addition, we found that the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG), but not the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathway was involved in the assembly of ER into TSS. By using toxisome as a biomarker, we screened and identified a novel chemical which exhibited high inhibitory activity against toxisome formation and DON biosynthesis, and inhibited Fusarium growth species-specifically. Taken together, this study demonstrated that the essence of ER remodeling into toxisome structure is a response to the overproduction of ER-localized DON biosynthetic enzymes, providing a novel pathway for management of mycotoxin contamination.
Perbedaan Kadar C-Reactive Protein Pasien Tuberkulosis Paru dan Ekstra Paru pada Anak di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Kariadi Semarang
Authors: Anam Moh Syarofil , Mexitalia Maria
Published: January 2024

Latar belakang. Tuberkulosis pada anak dapat mengenai paru dan di luar paru. C-Reactive protein merupakan penanda inflamasi yang digunakan dalam klinis dan telah diketahui kadarnya meningkat pada pasien tuberkulosis anak.Tujuan. Menganalisis perbedaan kadar C-Reactive protein pada pasien tuberkulosis paru dan ekstra paru anak.Metode. Penelitian belah lintang menggunakan data rekam medis pasien tuberkulosis anak usia 0-18 tahun di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat dr. Kariadi Semarang periode Januari 2019 – Desember 2020. Data yang dikumpulkan usia, jenis kelamin, berat badan, tinggi badan, kadar C-Reactive protein, penyakit komorbid dan kualitas penegakan diagnosis. Kriteria inklusi pasien tuberkulosis anak usia 0-18 tahun, kriteria eksklusi data tidak lengkap. Analisis data menggunakan komputer.Hasil. Dari 221 kasus tuberkulosis, 50 subyek dilakukan analisis dengan distribusi tuberkulosis paru 21/50 dan tuberkulosis ekstra paru 29/50 kasus. Terdapat perbedaan usia (p=0,019), berat badan (p=0,008), tinggi badan (p=0,011), penyakit komorbid (0,001) antar kelompok. Tidak didapatkan perbedaan pada Jenis kelamin, status gizi, tes tuberkulin, bakteriologis, dan kualitas penegakan diagnosis. Median kadar C-Reactive protein pasien TB paru 0,23 (0,01-12,91) mg/L dan tuberkulosis ekstra paru 2,6 (0,05-32,15) (p=0,006). Kesimpulan. Kadar C-Reactive protein pasien tuberkulosis ekstra paru lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan tuberkulosis paru pada anak.
Dysfunction of Artificial Intelligence in the 4th Industrial Revolution Era and Crisis Management Direction
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Kim Young Beom
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study is to examine the problems that AI will bring in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution and suggest crisis management directions to overcome them. The main results are as follows. ① We must continue to create new jobs that only humans can do, focusing on personality and emotion, to replace jobs being eroded by AI. ② Enact correct standards and laws regarding the development and use of AI technology. There is a need to continue discussions focusing on problems that may arise in advance regarding the development of high-risk, mass-destructive AI weapons and the misuse of AI. ③ In the AI era, specific standards and laws must be established on how AI will make human-centered decisions by prioritizing human dignity in various situations. ④ Establishment of AI ethics. Preparing for the possibility that super-artificial intelligence will destroy humanity in the future should be treated as a common agenda with countries around the world participating. In order to prevent adverse effects of AI that threaten the survival of humanity, it is necessary to establish AI ethics based on human dignity.
Mudanças climáticas e Educação Ambiental Crítica no contexto da escola pública através do ensino de biologia
Authors: Inêz da Silva Karen Luana , Sobral da Silva Maia Jorge
Published: January 2024

Este artigo discute os desafios e as perspectivas presentes no ensino de biologia no contexto da escola pública sobre a temática das mudanças climáticas, tendo como base a Educação Ambiental Crítica (EAC) que se fundamenta nos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica (PHC) e do Materialismo histórico-dialético. Através do acompanhamento do processo de ensino, de uma entrevista semiestruturada com uma docente da disciplina biologia, este artigo dialoga sobre a complexidade da relação das mudanças climáticas com a educação pública em geral, e o ensino de biologia especificamente. As reflexões trazidas articulam-se com as possibilidades que o ensino de biologia apresenta, no que concerne à contribuição para o debate relacionado a  emergência climática, se norteado por uma teoria pedagógica que objetiva a apropriação dos fundamentos históricos-críticos para a transformação social, indo além do conservadorismo e dos reducionismos presentes nas discussões que envolvem esta problemática de ordem socioambiental no Brasil.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Highest-Grade or Predominant Histological Differentiation of T1 Colorectal Cancer in Predicting Lymph Node Metastasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Watanabe Jun , Ichimasa Katsuro , Kataoka Yuki , Miyahara Shoko , Miki Atsushi , Yeoh Khay Guan , Kawai Shigeo , Martínez de Juan Fernando , Machado Isidro , Kotani Kazuhiko , Sata Naohiro
Published: January 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Treatment guidelines for colorectal cancer (CRC) suggest 2 classifications for histological differentiation—highest grade and predominant. However, the optimal predictor of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in T1 CRC remains unknown. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the impact of the use of highest-grade or predominant differentiation on LNM determination in T1 CRC.

METHODS:

The study protocol is registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, registration number: CRD42023416971) and was published in OSF (https://osf.io/TMAUN/) on April 13, 2023. We searched 5 electronic databases for studies assessing the diagnostic accuracy of highest-grade or predominant differentiation to determine LNM in T1 CRC. The outcomes were sensitivity and specificity. We simulated 100 cases with T1 CRC, with an LNM incidence of 11.2%, to calculate the differences in false positives and negatives between the highest-grade and predominant differentiations using a bootstrap method.

RESULTS:

In 42 studies involving 41,290 patients, the differentiation classification had a pooled sensitivity of 0.18 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.13–0.24) and 0.06 (95% CI 0.04–0.09) (P < 0.0001) and specificity of 0.95 (95% CI 0.93–0.96) and 0.98 (95% CI 0.97–0.99) (P < 0.0001) for the highest-grade and predominant differentiations, respectively. In the simulation, the differences in false positives and negatives between the highest-grade and predominant differentiations were 3.0% (range 1.6–4.4) and −1.3% (range −2.0 to −0.7), respectively.

DISCUSSION:

Highest-grade differentiation may reduce the risk of misclassifying cases with LNM as negative, whereas predominant differentiation may prevent unnecessary surgeries. Further studies should examine differentiation classification using other predictive factors.
Judge Irving Kaufman, the Liberal Establishment, and the Rosenberg Case
Authors: Meeropol Michael
Published: January 2024

Michael Meeropol, son of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, examines a recent biography of Irving R. Kaufman, the judge who sentenced the Rosenbergs to death. Using his own deep research into his parents' case, Meeropol shows how Kaufman's virulent anti-Communism led him to put his thumb on the scales of justice, despite the later progressive liberalism for which he is often lauded. This in turn reveals a key contradiction: "Liberal democracy is fine as long as the basis of the system is not threatened. When it is…'dangerous' people—Communists and other leftists—are dealt with by any means necessary."
Gender-specific preferences regarding urban green areas
Authors: Bąkowska-Waldmann Edyta , Piniarski Witold
Published: January 2024

Development of urban green areas and awareness of their value among citizens and local authorities is rapidly growing. This trend is not only the result of the coronavirus pandemic, but also reflects a belief in the role of green areas in reducing the negative effects of climate change and supporting overall well-being. As a consequence, more and more local governments are promoting local policies focused on the development of urban green areas with the participation of citizens. Using data collected in Zielona Góra, Poland, this study explores the gender patterns and differences in use and preferences according to the development of urban green areas. The main goals of the study were (1) to evaluate the possible relationship between gender and preferred types of visited green areas and transport modes used to reach them and (2) to explore the differences in expectations regarding the spatial development of green areas among men and women. The result of the study shows that women more often than men visit green areas closer to their place of residence and more often indicate playgrounds and other forms of greenery of an aesthetic function as proposed green areas. Furthermore, there are also differences regarding the means of transport used and preferable distance to green areas. Women visibly prefer green areas within the city centre, mostly use individual means of transport, and are more likely to travel on foot than men. Men prefer more distant green areas and mostly travel longer distances.
Assessment of regional digital divide in Türkiye
Authors: Alp Gülfiye Ozcan , Baycan Tüzin
Published: January 2024

Technological advancement has not been equally distributed. It has differed from country to country, region to region, and even among individuals. As a result, the digital divide has emerged as an umbrella term to represent these disparities. Recently, the research focus has shifted to the outcomes of information and communication technology usage or tangible benefits (the third-level digital divide). As an emerging economy, Türkiye must overcome the digital divide to maximise tangible benefits. Thus, this research starts by determining the digital divide indicators for Türkiye and goes further to examine the digital divide between regions in Türkiye. The main aim is to present a comprehensive index for the regional scale that is currently missing in the literature. To do so, this research starts with exploring the digital divide indicators. Then, with the help of principal component analysis (PCA), a new index is formulated for Türkiye. The result maps indicate digital inequalities both at regional and city scales, yet inequalities are more remarkable at the city scale. Increasing the diversity of technology usage, focusing on gender equality, expanding R&D expenditures, and supporting initiatives, especially ICT initiatives, will assist Türkiye in reducing digital inequalities.
Doing gender, doing nation! Marches, protests, and mass events as a space for reproducing gendered national roles in nationalistic organisations
Authors: Baran Jowita
Published: January 2024

The article aims to analyse the physical practising of gender by women in Polish nationalist organisations to reflect on what vision of the nation is reproduced by these embodied gender practices. Using information obtained from interviews and observations, I seek an answer to how the physical gender practices correspond to the logic of the gendered presence of women as members of a national community (Anthias & Yuval-Davis, 1989). One of the main conclusions of the analysis is that the physical body and the gender practices involved in it are a significant stronghold of reproducing the roles that the nation imposes on women. This is related to justifying cultural differences by referring to the biological differences between genders. What is particularly interesting, however, is the fact that the body and its physical capabilities provide space for gender transgressions beyond established norms.
On a blow-up criterion for solution of 3D fractional Navier-Stokes-Coriolis equations in Lei-Lin-Gevrey spaces
Authors: Sun Xiaochun , Xu Gaoting , Wu Yulian
Published: January 2024

In this article, we researched the existence of the solution to the fractional Navier-Stokes equations with the Coriolis force under initial data, which belong to the Lei-Lin-Gevrey spaces. Moreover, we showed a blow-up criterion, i.e., when the maximal time of existence

T

*

{T}^{* }

is finite, we proved that the norm of this same solution, in a specific Lei-Lin-Gevrey space, goes to infinity, as time tends to the maximal time of its existence.
Redundancy-free integrated optical convolver for optical neural networks based on arrayed waveguide grating
Authors: Zhang Shiji , Zhou Haojun , Wu Bo , Jiang Xueyi , Gao Dingshan , Xu Jing , Dong Jianji
Published: January 2024

Optical neural networks (ONNs) have gained significant attention due to their potential for high-speed and energy-efficient computation in artificial intelligence. The implementation of optical convolutions plays a vital role in ONNs, as they are fundamental operations within neural network architectures. However, state-of-the-art convolution architectures often suffer from redundant inputs, leading to substantial resource waste. Here, we demonstrate an integrated optical convolution architecture that leverages the inherent routing principles of arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) to execute the sliding of convolution kernel and summation of results. M × N multiply–accumulate (MAC) operations are facilitated by M + N units within a single clock cycle, thus eliminating the redundancy. In the experiment, we achieved 5 bit precision and 91.9 % accuracy in the handwritten digit recognition task confirming the reliability of our approach. Its redundancy-free architecture, low power consumption, high compute density (8.53 teraOP mm−1 s−1) and scalability make it a valuable contribution to the field of optical neural networks, thereby paving the way for future advancements in high-performance computing and artificial intelligence applications.
Grating-lobe-free optical phased array with 2-D circular sparse array aperture and high-efficiency phase calibration
Authors: Lian Daixin , Zhao Shi , Li Wenlei , Chen Jingye , Dai Daoxin , Shi Yaocheng
Published: January 2024

An optical phased array (OPA) with 2-D circular sparse array aperture has been proposed and demonstrated in the silicon integrated photonic platform. The sparse distribution of the antenna array can realize no grating lobes in 2-D full field of view (FOV). To achieve fast and accurate phase calibration for OPA, an improved rotating element electric field vector algorithm based on golden section search method (GSS-REV) has also been proposed and verified. The 32-element antenna sparse distribution of the proposed OPA is designed and fabricated. A far-field beam steering measurement across 20° × 20° range features the side lobe suppression ratio (SLSR) of larger than 4.81 dB and a full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of approximately 0.63° × 0.59°. The resolvable points are derived to be ∼1076. The OPA chip has also been demonstrated on range measurement with frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) system.
Primary retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma with lung and liver metastasis in a male patient: case report
Authors: Wang Guimei , Li Ronghui
Published: January 2024

Objectives

Non-gestational primary choriocarcinoma is an extremely rare malignant tumor with atypical clinical symptoms, especially in males. It usually occurs in the midline of the body, such as the mediastinum and retroperitoneum. Pathological diagnosis of primary retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma presents many challenges. More importantly, it is insensitive to therapy and has a poor prognosis. To date, there is still no standard treatment strategy for primary choriocarcinoma.

Case presentation

This case report presented a 27-year-old male with acute abdominal pain as the main symptom. And then, retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma with lung and liver metastasis was diagnosed. Palliative surgery was performed to alleviate the abdominal pain but complete tumor removal was not achieved. Subsequently, we gave the treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor blockade. The tumor was significantly reduced in size after six cycles of immunotherapy and chemotherapy, and also β-hCG level returned to normal. The tumor was not in complete remission, so penpulimab immuno-maintenance therapy was given. So far, the tumor control is stable, and the patient’s quality of life is also very well.

Conclusions

Pathological diagnosis of primary choriocarcinoma is very necessary, and the related molecular markers can assist. Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy is effective in the treatment of primary retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma.
Immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: an overview of immune checkpoint inhibitors, drug resistance, and adverse effects
Authors: Gu Xuan-Yu , Huo Jin-Long , Yu Zhi-Yong , Jiang Ji-Chang , Xu Ya-Xuan , Zhao Li-Jin
Published: January 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a concerning liver cancer with rising incidence and mortality rates worldwide. The effectiveness of traditional therapies in managing advanced HCC is limited, necessitating the development of new therapeutic strategies. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as a promising strategy for HCC management. By preventing tumor cells from evading immune surveillance through immunological checkpoints, ICIs can restore the immune system’s ability to target and eliminate tumors. While ICIs show promise in enhancing the immune response against malignancies, challenges such as drug resistance and adverse reactions hinder their efficacy. To address these challenges, developing individualized ICI treatment strategies is critical. Combining targeted therapy and immunotherapy holds the potential for comprehensive therapeutic effects. Additionally, biomarker-based individualized ICI treatment strategies offer promise in predicting treatment response and guiding personalized patient care. Future research should explore emerging ICI treatment methods to optimize HCC immunotherapy. This review provides an overview of ICIs as a new treatment for HCC, demonstrating some success in promoting the tumor immune response. However, drug resistance and adverse reactions remain important considerations that must be addressed. As tailored treatment plans evolve, the prospect of immunotherapy for HCC is expected to grow, offering new opportunities for improved patient outcomes.
Two Against One: Deterrence in the Triad
Authors: Zagare Frank C.
Published: January 2024

This essay explores a deterrence relationship between one defender and two challengers that are interconnected game-theoretically but are otherwise acting independently. In the double deterrence game model, the primary challenger makes the first move, defender, the second, and the secondary challenger makes its move only after the defender and the primary challenger have made their choices. In other words, the threat of the secondary challenger is both latent and contingent. There are four types of defenders, and three types of the two challengers. These preference assumptions define 36 distinct strategic environments, or games. These games are analyzed under both complete and incomplete information. The results are highly sensitive to the specific combination of player types. Deterrence is most likely to succeed when a defender’s threat is highly credible, and to fail when it is low. The secondary challenger is most likely to have an impact on play only at intermediate levels of the defender’s and the primary challenger’s credibility. Assuming a rising challenger, or a declining defender, or both, a danger zone will exist just prior to, or immediately after, the primary challenger has achieved parity with the defender, that is, when a balance of capabilities exists. The principal aim of a defender of the status quo facing two challengers acting independently should be on preventing a challenge by its primary opponent. This conclusion is robust no matter what configuration of player types one assumes.
Heat treatment and tensile test of 3D-printed parts manufactured at different build orientations
Authors: Tseng Ming-Lang , Thampy Annson , Ismail Emad A. A. , Awwad Fuad A. , Gorji Nima E.
Published: January 2024

Additive manufacturing has been gaining popularity in many industries and has made significant growth over the last 5 years. Many industries use additive manufacturing three-dimensional (3D) printing to produce complex shape objects that is a challenge to be manufactured by casting or conventional methods. In this study, the impact of heat treatment and build orientation is examined for the mechanical characteristics of 3D-printed parts. The study used samples constructed of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V, which is frequently used in AM applications. The parts were printed at various build orientations such as 0°, 45°, and 90°. Following printing, the samples underwent four distinct heat-treatments at 0, 700, 800, and 900°C. The variation in mechanical properties (Young’s modulus, strain-stress, and tensile strength) has been monitored to determine the best heat treatment and tilt orientation to obtain the best mechanical properties. These findings provide a systematic analysis and support the 3D printing of the parts used with a desired mechanical strength.
La responsabilidad intelectual en la articulación entre obra y autor
Authors: Barbeira Candelaria
Published: January 2024

Reseña de Sapiro, Gisèle ¿Se puede separar la obra del autor? Censura, cancelación y derecho al error. Clave Intelectual, 2022.