bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The search for evolutionary developmental origins of aging in zebrafish: A novel intersection of developmental and senescence biology in the zebrafish model system
Authors: Kishi Shuji
Published: September 2011

Senescence may be considered the antithesis of early development, but yet there may be factors and mechanisms in common between these two phenomena during the process of aging. We investigated whether any relationship exists between the regulatory mechanisms that function in early development and in senescence using the zebrafish (Danio rerio), a small freshwater fish and a useful model animal for genetic studies. We conducted experiments to isolate zebrafish mutants expressing an apparent senescence phenotype during embryogenesis (embryonic senescence). Some of the genes we thereby identified had already been associated with cellular senescence and chronological aging in other organisms, but many had not yet been linked to these processes. Complete loss‐of‐function of developmentally essential genes induce embryonic (or larval) lethality, whereas it seems like their partial loss‐of‐function (i.e., decrease‐of‐function by heterozygote or hypomorphic mutations) still remains sufficient to go through the early developmental process because of its adaptive plasticity or rather heterozygote advantage. However, in some cases, such partial loss‐of‐function of genes compromise normal homeostasis due to haploinsufficiency later in adult life having many environmental stress challenges. By contrast, any heterozygote‐advantageous genes might gain a certain benefit(s) (much more fitness) by such partial loss‐of‐function later in life. Physiological senescence may evolutionarily arise from both genetic and epigenetic drifts as well as from losing adaptive developmental plasticity in face of stress signals from the external environment that interacts with functions of multiple genes rather than effects of only a single gene mutation or defect. Previously uncharacterized developmental genes may thus mediate the aging process and play a pivotal role in senescence. Moreover, unexpected senescence‐related genes might also be involved in the early developmental process and regulation. We wish to ascertain whether we can identify such genes promptly in a comprehensive manner. The ease of manipulation using the zebrafish system allows us to conduct an exhaustive exploration of novel genes and small molecular compounds that can be linked to the senescence phenotype and thereby facilitates searching for the evolutionary and developmental origins of aging in vertebrates. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 93:229–248, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spectroscopic investigations of Er3+:CdO–Bi2O3–B2O3 glasses
Authors: Nageswara Raju C. , Adinarayana Reddy C. , Sailaja S. , Seo Hyo Jin , Sudhakar Reddy B.
Published: September 2011

This article reports on the optical properties of Er3+ ions doped CdO–Bi2O3–B2O3 (CdBiB) glasses. The materials were characterized by optical absorption and emission spectra. By using Judd–Ofelt theory, the intensity parameters Ωλ (λ = 2, 4, 6) and also oscillatory strengths were calculated from the absorption spectra. The results were used to compute the radiative properties of Er3+:CdBiB glasses. The concentration quenching and energy transfer from Yb3+–Er3+ were explained. The stimulated emission cross‐section, full width at half maximum (FWHM) and FWHM ×  values are also calculated for all the Er3+:CdBiB glasses. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study the pharmacokinetics of AV‐45 in rat plasma and metabolism in liver microsomes by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry
Authors: Yin Wei , Zhou Xue , Qiao Jinping , Zhu Lin
Published: September 2011

An ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric (UPLC‐MS/MS) method was developed and validated to determine AV‐45 in rat plasma. After the addition of the internal standard benzophenone, plasma samples were pretreated by protein precipitation. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm) by gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. Detection of analytes and internal standard (IS) was done by tandem mass spectrometry, operating in positive‐ion and multiple reaction monitoring mode. The method was fully validated for its sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy and precision, matrix effect and stability study. The calibration curve showed good linearity over the concentration range 2.00–1000 ng/mL for AV‐45. Intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were less than 7.6%, and accuracy ranged from 100.6 to 107.8%. There was no matrix effect. The validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of AV‐45 in rats. Additionally, the metabolism of AV‐45 in rat liver microsomes was also studied by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography combined with time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/TOF‐MS). With the help of chromatographic behavior and accurate mass measurements, the metabolites were characterized. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of anti‐inflammatory dehydrodiisoeugenol and metabolites excreted in rat feces and urine using HPLC‐UV
Authors: Li Fei , Yang Xiu‐Wei
Published: September 2011

Dehydrodiisoeugenol (DDIE) is a lignan in the fruit of Myristica fragrans. It can be converted into several metabolites in in vitro and in vivo metabolism. In this study, the excretion of DDIE in urine and feces was investigated after intravenous (i.v.) and intragastric (i.g.) administration to rats. DDIE and its metabolites (M‐1 and M‐2) were measured using HPLC. The amount of DDIE and its metabolites excreted was higher in feces than in urine, suggesting that DDIE and its metabolites are eliminated primarily in the feces. Significant differences in the excretion levels of DDIE and its metabolites were seen between i.v. and i.g. administration. Greater amounts of DDIE and its metabolites were excreted following i.v. administration, suggesting that DDIE can exert a longer period of anti‐inflammatory activity following i.g. administration. The accuracy, precision, recovery and stability of the analytical method in this study were satisfactory for the measurement of DDIE and its metabolites in rat urine and feces. Observations made in this study will contribute to understanding of the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion pathway of DDIE and will aid decision‐making regarding the best mode of DDIE administration during treatment to maximize its anti‐inflammatory effects. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Revisiting the Zintl—Klemm Concept: Alkali Metal Trielides.
Authors: Wang Fei , Miller Gordon J.
Published: September 2011

LiAl, LiTl, NaTl, and KTl are characterized by quantum chemical TB‐LMTO‐ASA calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Ternary Stannides RE3Ru4Sn13 (RE: La, Ce, Pr, Nd) — Structure, Magnetic Properties, and 119Sn Moessbauer Spectroscopy.
Authors: Mishra Trinath , Schwickert Christian , Langer Thorsten , Poettgen Rainer
Published: September 2011

The title compounds are prepared by arc melting of the elements and characterized by powder and single crystal XRD, 119Sn Moessbauer spectroscopy, and magnetic measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: The High‐Temperature Polymorphs of K3AlF6.
Authors: King Graham , Abakumov Artem M. , Woodward Patrick M. , Llobet Anna , Tsirlin Alexander A. , Batuk Dmitry , Antipov Evgeny V.
Published: September 2011

The crystal structures of the three high‐temperature polymorphs of the title compound are determined by neutron powder diffraction, synchrotron powder XRD, and electron diffraction.
ChemInform Abstract: Tunable Full‐Color Emitting BaMg2Al6Si9O30:Eu2+, Tb3+, Mn2+ Phosphors Based on Energy Transfer.
Authors: Lue Wei , Hao Zhendong , Zhang Xia , Luo Yongshi , Wang Xiaojun , Zhang Jiahua
Published: September 2011

The title phosphors are synthesized by solid state reactions of BaCO3, Al2O3, SiO2, MgO, Eu2O3, Tb4O7, and MnCO3 (10% H2/N2 stream, 1300 °C, 4 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Unprecedented Robust Antiferromagnetism in Fluorinated Hexagonal Perovskites.
Authors: Sturza Mihai , Kabbour Houria , Daviero‐Minaud Sylvie , Filimonov Dmitry , Pokholok Konstantin , Tiercelin Nicolas , Porcher Florence , Aldon Laurent , Mentre Olivier
Published: September 2011

Samples of 15R‐BaFeFxO3‐δ (0.15 ≤ x ≤ 0.35) and 6H‐Ba0.8Sr0.2FeFxO3‐ δ (0.15 ≤ x ≤ 0.25) are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of BaO2, SrO2, Fe2O3, and BaF2 (900—950 °C, 48 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Local and Average Structures and Magnetic Properties of Sr2FeMnO5+y, y = 0.0, 0.5. Comparisons with Ca2FeMnO5 and the Effect of the A‐Site Cation.
Authors: Ramezanipour Farshid , Greedan John E. , Siewenie Joan , Proffen Th. , Ryan Dominic H. , Grosvenor Andrew P. , Donaberger Ronald L.
Published: September 2011

The title compounds are synthesized from stoichiometric amounts of SrCO3, CaCO3, Fe2O3, and Mn2O3 either in air or in argon (1250 °C, 100 h).
ChemInform Abstract: LiSbO2: Synthesis, Structures, Stability, and Lithium‐Ion Conductivity.
Authors: de Laune Benjamin P. , Bayliss Ryan D. , Greaves Colin
Published: September 2011

The title compound is synthesized from a mixture of Sb2O3 and Li2O (Ag tubes, 500 °C, 48—72 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Low‐Temperature Vacuum Reduction of BiMnO3.
Authors: Belik Alexei A. , Matsushita Yoshitaka , Tanaka Masahiko , Takayama‐Muromachi Eiji
Published: September 2011

An oxygen‐deficient BiMnO2.81 sample in bulk form is prepared by low‐temperature vacuum reduction of stoichiometric BiMnO3 (10‐4—10‐3 Pa, 570—600 K, 5 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Nanospheres of a New Intermetallic FeSn5 Phase: Synthesis, Magnetic Properties and Anode Performance in Li‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Liang , Feygenson Mikhail , Chen Haiyan , Lin Chia‐Hui , Ku Wei , Bai Jianming , Aronson Meigan C. , Tyson Trevor A. , Han Wei‐Qiang
Published: September 2011

Fe0.74Sn5 nanospheres are synthesized from a mixture of Sn nanospheres (obtained by reduction of SnCl2 with NaBH4 in tetraethylene glycol at 170 °C) and FeCl3 in tetraethylene glycol (205 °C, 2 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Intermetallic REPtZn Compounds with TiNiSi‐Type Structure.
Authors: Mishra Trinath , Poettgen Rainer
Published: September 2011

The compounds LnPtZn (Ln: Y, Pr, Nd, Gd—Tm) are prepared from the elements by high‐frequency melting (Ta tubes, 1500 K) followed by annealing (1120 K, 4 h) and quenching.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed [2 + 2] Intramolecular Cycloaddition of Allenenes.
Authors: Gulias Moises , Collado Alba , Trillo Beatriz , Lopez Fernando , Onate Enrique , Esteruelas Miguel A. , Mascarenas Jose L.
Published: September 2011

The previously unnoticed Ru complex activates the title reaction which proceeds under mild conditions and is fully diastereoselective.
ChemInform Abstract: Silica Sulfuric Acid‐Promoted Deacylation of α‐Bromo‐β‐diketones.
Authors: Aoyama Tadashi , Kubota Sho , Takido Toshio , Kodomari Mitsuo
Published: September 2011

A mild procedure for the deacetylation and debenzoylation of α‐bromo diketones promoted by silica sulfuric acid is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Control of 6‐exo and 7‐endo Cyclizations of Alkynylamides Using Platinum and Bismuth Catalysts.
Authors: Girard Anne‐Lise , Enomoto Taro , Yokouchi Shinsuke , Tsukano Chihiro , Takemoto Yoshiji
Published: September 2011

In the presence of Bi(O‐Tf)3 alkynylamides of type (I) are found to undergo 6‐exo cyclization to afford piperazinones like (II).
ChemInform Abstract: From Bifunctional to Trifunctional (Tricomponent Nucleophile—Transition Metal—Lewis Acid) Catalysis: The Catalytic, Enantioselective α‐Fluorination of Acid Chlorides.
Authors: Erb Jeremy , Paull Daniel H. , Dudding Travis , Belding Lee , Lectka Thomas
Published: September 2011

The trifunctional catalytic system allows efficient and highly enantioselective α‐fluorination of a wide range of acid chlorides.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Hydroamination of Alkynes and Allenes with Parent Hydrazine.
Authors: Kinjo Rei , Donnadieu Bruno , Bertrand Guy
Published: September 2011

An Au—hydrazine complex, generated in situ, efficiently catalyzes the hydroamination of alkynes with hydrazine.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Organocatalytic Monofluorovinylations.
Authors: Jacobsen Christian Borch , Nielsen Martin , Worgull Dennis , Zweifel Theo , Fisker Esben , Joergensen Karl Anker
Published: September 2011

Depending on catalyst and reducing agent used, selective formation of (R)‐ or (S)‐ and (E)‐ or (Z)‐configurated products is possible.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Au‐Catalyzed Domino Cyclization/Nucleophile Addition Reactions of Enynes in the Presence of Water, Methanol and Electron‐Rich Aromatic Derivatives.
Authors: Pradal Alexandre , Chao Chung‐Meng , Vitale Maxime R. , Toullec Patrick Y. , Michelet Veronique
Published: September 2011

The cyclization of 1,6‐enynes in the presence of external or internal nucleophiles proceeds in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Readily Available Hydrogen Bond Catalysts for the Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Nitroolefins.
Authors: Schneider Jakob F. , Lauber Markus B. , Muhr Vanessa , Kratzer Domenic , Paradies Jan
Published: September 2011

A variety of bifunctional hydroxyalkyl—thiourea derivatives is prepared and studied as catalysts in the transfer hydrogenation of various nitroolefins with Hantzsch tert‐butyl ester.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfonic Acid Resin and Copper Salts: A Novel Heterogeneous Catalytic System for Direct Hydroxylation of Haloarenes.
Authors: Joseph P. J. Amal , Priyadarshini S. , Kantam M. Lakshmi , Maheswaran H.
Published: September 2011

The corresponding phenols in excellent yields, a wide range of functional groups is tolerated.
ChemInform Abstract: Uncatalyzed Hydrogen‐Transfer Reductions of Aryl Ketones.
Authors: Srinivasan S. , Manisankar P.
Published: September 2011

Besides aliphatic systems heteroaromatic compounds do not work as well.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereoselective Chelation‐Controlled Additions to α‐Silyloxy Ketones.
Authors: Stanton Gretchen R. , Koz Gamze , Walsh Patrick J.
Published: September 2011

In the presence of an alkyl zinc halide Lewis acid, the addition of dialkylzincs and (E)‐di‐, (E)‐tri‐, and (Z)‐disubstituted vinylzinc reagents to α‐silyloxy ketones proceeds chelation‐controlled to give syn‐diol products with diastereoselectivities of < 95%.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Prolinylanthranilic Acid Derivatives as Bifunctional Organocatalysts for Asymmetric Aldol Reactions.
Authors: Pearson Anthony J. , Panda Santanu
Published: September 2011

Several N‐prolinylanthranilic acid derivatives can be used as bifunctional organocatalysts in the direct asymmetric aldol reaction of cyclohexanone with aromatic aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Fluorinated Silanes with 2‐Nitrocinnamates.
Authors: Zemtsov Artem A. , Levin Vitalij V. , Dilman Alexander D. , Struchkova Marina I. , Tartakovsky Vladimir A.
Published: September 2011

The title reactions proceed as conjugate addition of fluorinated carbanion to the C=C double bond furnishing 3‐aryl‐2‐nitrobutanoates (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient One‐Pot Formation of Substituted γ‐Amino Acids.
Authors: El‐Sayed Mardia T. , Abbas Muhammad , Hilgeroh Andreas
Published: September 2011

A series of novel substituted γ‐amino acids (III) is prepared by an one‐pot reaction of imines (I) and a homoenolate, generated in situ from the hemiacetal (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Transformation of N,N‐Disubstituted Amides and Isopropyl Esters to Nitriles.
Authors: Suzuki Yusuke , Yoshino Takumi , Moriyama Katsuhiko , Togo Hideo
Published: September 2011

Treatment of various tertiary amides with DIBAL‐H, followed by reaction with aqueous ammonia and iodine, provides access towards nitriles, e.g. (II) and (V), in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerizations of Diarylacetylenes: Synthesis, Structures, and Physical Properties of Highly Substituted Naphthalenes and 8,8a‐Dihydrocyclopenta[a]indenes.
Authors: Wu Tsun‐Cheng , Tai Chia‐Cheng , Tiao Hsin‐Chieh , Chang Yu‐Ting , Liu Chia‐Chun , Li Ching‐Hsiu , Huang Cheng‐Hao , Kuo Ming‐Yu , Wu Yao‐Ting
Published: September 2011

Scope and limitations of a new cyclotrimerization process are studied.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Chiral Azetidines from Chloroaldehyde and Chiral Amines.
Authors: Orr Suvi T. M. , Cabral Shawn , Fernando Dilinie P. , Makowski Teresa
Published: September 2011

A convenient one‐pot two‐step procedure allows the synthesis of azetidinepiperidines via imine formation and subsequent reductive cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of Molecules for the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain: Synthesis, Antiallodynic and Antihyperalgesic Activity of 5‐(4‐Nitrophenyl)furoic‐2‐acid Hydrazones.
Authors: Yogeeswari Perumal , Menon Niloufer , Semwal Arvind , Arjun Muralidharan , Sriram Dharmarajan
Published: September 2011

Aldehydes and ketones (III) react with hydrazide (II) under microwave irradiation to furoic acid hydrazones (IV), which cause antinociceptive actions in the peripheral nerve injury model of neuropathic pain.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium/2,2′‐bipyridyl/Ag2CO3 Catalyst for C—H Bond Arylation of Heteroarenes with Haloarenes.
Authors: Yanagisawa Shuichi , Itami Kenichiro
Published: September 2011

Optimized conditions including an air‐stable Pd‐complex as precatalyst are developed for the regioselective arylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Lewis‐Acid Mediated Domino Reaction of N‐Protected Bromomethylindoles with Arenes/Heteroarenes.
Authors: Dhayalan Vasudevan , Sureshbabu Radhakrishnan , Mohanakrishnan Arasambattu K.
Published: September 2011

The ZnBr2‐mediated arylation of N‐protected bromomethyl‐substituted indoles of type (I), (VIII), or (X) leads to arylated indoles which may form the corresponding cyclized products of type (VI), (VII), (IX), or (XII) in a domino‐type reaction sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrrolidine‐2,3,4‐tricarboxylic Anhydrides. Part 1. Organocatalytic Synthesis and Fusion of Pyrrole Ring by the Action of p‐Fluorobenzylamine.
Authors: Kudryavtsev K. V. , Trofimova E. V. , Borisova A. O.
Published: September 2011

Octahydropyrrolo[3,4‐b]pyrroles (V) are synthesized by 1,3‐dipolar addition of maleic anhydride (II) to benzylidene amino acid esters (I) followed by opening of the anhydride fragment and recyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Vilsmeier‐Type Methylenation for Synthesis of Dipyrazolylmethane Derivatives Using Formamide or N‐Methylformamide.
Authors: Wong Fung Fuh , Huang Yu‐Ying
Published: September 2011

A variety of substituted dipyrazolylmethane derivatives (III) and (VI) is prepared by Vilsmeier‐type reaction of pyrazolones with formamide (II) or N‐methylformamide (IV) in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride.
ChemInform Abstract: Stable Azomethine Imines Derived from Pyrazolidin‐3‐one and Their Cycloaddition to N‐Arylmaleimides.
Authors: Koptelov Yu. B. , Sednev M. V.
Published: September 2011

Reaction of stable (Z)‐azomethine imines (I) and (VII) with N‐arylmaleimides gives predominantly or exclusively trans‐adducts.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Antidiabetic Evaluation of Oxazolone Derivatives.
Authors: Mariappan G. , Saha B. P. , Datta Sriparna , Kumar Deepak , Haldar P. K.
Published: September 2011

Ten novel oxazolone derivatives (III) are synthesized and assayed in vivo for their antidiabetic activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Identification of 5‐Arylidene‐4‐thiazolidinone Derivatives Endowed with Dual Activity as Aldose Reductase Inhibitors and Antioxidant Agents for the Treatment of Diabetic Complications.
Authors: Ottana Rosaria , et al. et al.
Published: September 2011

Knoevenagel condensation and subsequent N‐alkylation provide the first series of the title derivatives (V), while the synthesis of the second series is carried out by means of a multi‐step procedure starting from phenylisothiocyanate.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot, Four‐Component Synthesis of Fully Substituted 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole Derivatives from (Isocyanoimino)triphenylphosphorane, a Primary Amine, an Aromatic Carboxylic Acid, and Chloroacetone.
Authors: Ramazani Ali , Nasrabadi Fatemeh Zeinali , Ahmadi Yavar
Published: September 2011

The reaction is applied to a variety of benzylic amines and allylamine and tolerates a range of functional groups in the carboxylic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: FeCl3·6H2O‐Catalyzed Bromocyclization to Access Functionalized Dihydropyrans.
Authors: Xie Mei‐Hua , Zhao Xin‐Yang , Lin Gao‐Feng , Zhang Jin‐Hua
Published: September 2011

Fe‐catalyzed bromocyclization of polysubstituted 2,5‐hexadiene‐1‐ols (I) provides a simple and efficient access to functionalized tetrasubstituted dihydropyrans.
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Studies on 3‐Oxidopyrylium‐Alkene [5 + 2] Cycloadducts: Access to Some Hydroxy Cycloheptenoids.
Authors: Yadav Arun A. , Krishna Urlam Murali , Sarang Prajakta S. , Patil Prashant S. , Trivedi Girish K. , Salunkhe Manikrao M.
Published: September 2011

The oxo‐bridge in compounds (II) and (V) is easily removed under standard conditions [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Amine‐Catalyzed [4 + 2] Annulations of Allenoates and Oxo‐dienes: An Asymmetric Synthesis of Dihydropyrans.
Authors: Wang Xiaojun , Fang Tong , Tong Xiaofeng
Published: September 2011

Asymmetric [4 + 2] cycloaddition of enones (I) to allenoate (II) proceeds with high enantioselectivity (up to 92% e.e.) in the presence of a quinine‐derived organocatalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible Light Photocatalysis of Radical Anion Hetero‐Diels—Alder Cycloadditions.
Authors: Hurtley Anna E. , Cismesia Megan A. , Ischay Michael A. , Yoon Tehshik P.
Published: September 2011

The photochemical intramolecular cycloaddition of tethered bis(enones) proceeds with high regio‐ and diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of [2′‐Oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐3′H‐spiro[chromene‐4,5′‐ [1,3]oxazolidin]‐3′yl]acetic Acid Derivatives as Aldose Reductase Inhibitors.
Authors: Rapposelli Simona , Da Settimo Frederico , Digiacomo Maria , La Motta Concettina , Lapucci Annalina , Sartini Stefania , Vanni Michael
Published: September 2011

A series of the title spirocyclic benzopyran derivatives (XI) (12 examples) is synthesized, which all prove to be selective inhibitors of aldose reductase (ARL2).
ChemInform Abstract: Site‐Selective Suzuki—Miyaura Reactions of the Bis(triflate) of 1,3‐Dihydroxythioxanthone.
Authors: Zinad Dhafer Saber , Hussain Munawar , Akrawi Omer Adeeb , Villinger Alexander , Langer Peter
Published: September 2011

Coupling of the title compound (I) with various arylboronic acids renders possible a site‐selectivity in favor of the 3‐position to yield various mono‐ and bis‐arylated derivatives for material and drug synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Tetrahydroimidazolpyridinones via an MCR Involving 6‐Cl‐PMNI, Aldehydes, and Meldrum′s Acid.
Authors: Hu Bin , Zhou Yi‐Yue , Du Wenting , Xu Xiaoyong , Li Zhong , Deng Wei‐Ping
Published: September 2011

The new title compounds (IV) (14 examples) are highly bioactive potential insecticides.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization, and Structure of Some New Substituted 5,6‐Fused Ring Pyridazines.
Authors: Snyder Chad A. , et al. et al.
Published: September 2011

Compounds (I) are prepared from freshly cracked cyclopentadiene.
ChemInform Abstract: A Regioselective Synthesis of Some New Pyrazol‐1′‐ylpyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines in Aqueous Medium and Their Evaluation as Antimicrobial Agents.
Authors: Aggarwal Ranjana , Sumran Garima , Garg Neelam , Aggarwal Ashok
Published: September 2011

Treatment of aminohydrazinopyrazole dihydrochloride (I) with unsymmetrical diketones (II) in water without any catalysts or additives yields the pyrazolylpyrazolopyrimidines (III) together with the unexpected pyrazoles (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 2,3‐Dioxopyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines with Naphthalene‐2,3‐diamine.
Authors: Surikova O. V. , Mikhailovskii A. G. , Vakhrin M. I.
Published: September 2011

The title reaction provides compounds (III), which attract interest as new synthons, biologically active substances and luminophors in good yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activity of Substituted 3‐Fluoro/3‐Trifluoromethyl 10H‐Phenothiazines, Its Ribofuranosides and Sulfones.
Authors: Gautam Naveen , Goyal Kshamta , Saini Omprakash , Kumar Ashok , Gautam D. C.
Published: September 2011

New fluorinated 10H‐phenothiazines such as (III) are synthesized and converted into corresponding sulfones [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and in vitro Antimalarial Activity of Tetraoxane‐amine/amide Conjugates.
Authors: Kumar Nitin , Khan Shabana I. , Atheaya Himanshu , Mamgain Ritu , Rawat Diwan S.
Published: September 2011

Tetraoxanes (III) are prepared by acid‐catalyzed peroxidation of benzaldehydes (I) and terephthalaldehyde (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Triethylammonium Tetra‐Arylborates (TEATABs): Coupling Partners for the Suzuki Reaction.
Authors: Kuuloja Noora M. , Kylmaelae Tuula M. , Tois Jan E. , Sjoeholm Rainer E. , Franzen Robert G.
Published: September 2011

A convenient, reproducible procedure for the synthesis of the title compounds (III), (VII) and (X) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: anti‐Proliferative Activity of Aguerin B and a New Rare nor‐Guaianolide Lactone Isolated from the Aerial Parts of Centaurea deflexa.
Authors: Chicca Andrea , Tebano Marianna , Adinolfi Barbara , Ertugrul Kuddisi , Flamini Guido , Nieri Paola
Published: September 2011

The phytochemical investigation of C.deflexa leads to identification and characterization of twentyone compounds, belonging to various classes of compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyathane Diterpenes from Chinese Mushroom Sarcodon scabrosus and Their Neurite Outgrowth‐Promoting Activity.
Authors: Shi Xin‐Wei , Liu Li , Gao Jin‐Ming , Zhang An‐Ling
Published: September 2011

The novel diterpenoids, scabronine K (I) and L (II) are isolated from the fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete S.scabrosus together with four known analogues.
ChemInform Abstract: Simplexins J—O, Eunicellin‐Based Diterpenoids from a Dongsha Atoll Soft Coral Klyxum simplex.
Authors: Wu Shwu‐Li , Su Jui‐Hsin , Lu Yi , Chen Bo‐Wei , Huang Chiung‐Yao , Wen Zhi‐Hong , Kuo Yao‐Haur , Sheu Jyh‐Horng
Published: September 2011

Simplexins M—O (IV) reduce the level of pro‐inflammatory iNOS proteins in LPS‐stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Reduction of 2‐Arylthio‐β‐C‐D‐Glucopyranosides with Different Functional Groups in the Lateral Chain.
Authors: Han Mingming , Smoliakova Irina P.
Published: September 2011

The reductive desulfurization of title glucopyranosides, which are obtained by a known procedure from commercially available tri‐O‐benzyl‐D‐glucal, is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Cholinesterase Inhibitors from Voacanga globosa.
Authors: Macabeo Allan Patrick G. , et al. et al.
Published: September 2011

Five compounds are isolated from V.globasa through a bioassay‐guided purification, including the new spirobisindole alkaloid globospiramine (I) possessing an Aspidosperma‐Aspidosperma skeleton.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies of the Lichen Macrolide Lepranthin. Stereoselective Synthesis of the Diolide Framework Based on Regioselective Epoxide‐Opening Reactions.
Authors: Takada Hisashi , Nagumo Shinji , Yasui Eiko , Mizukami Megumi , Miyashita Masaaki
Published: September 2011

A synthetic approach toward 16‐membered diolide (VIIb), a fully functionalized congener of Lepranthin (VIIa), is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and anti‐Trypanosoma cruzi Activity of β‐Lapachone Analogues.
Authors: Ferreira Sabrina Baptista , Salomao Kelly , da Silva Fernando de Carvalho , Pinto Antonio Ventura , Kaiser Carlos Roland , Pinto Angelo C. , Ferreira Vitor Francisco , de Castro Solange L.
Published: September 2011

The naphthoquinone analogues of β‐lapachone are obtained from methylene and aryl o‐quinone methides, generated in situ by Knoevenagel condensation of lawsone (I) with paraformaldehyde (II) or aryl aldehydes (IX), followed by hetero Diels—Alder reaction with different dienophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Class of trans‐Methylpyrazoline Analogues of Combretastatins: Synthesis and in vitro Biological Testing.
Authors: Lee Moses , et al. et al.
Published: September 2011

Thirteen methylpyrazoline analogues are prepared in a two‐step process.
ChemInform Abstract: Suzuki—Miyaura Reactions of the Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Inhibitor NS2028: A Non‐Product Specific Route to C‐8 Substituted Analogues.
Authors: Berezin Andrey A. , Koutentis Panayiotis A.
Published: September 2011

Guanylate cyclase inhibitor ODQ (IV) is synthesized starting from dihydroquinoxalinone oxime (I) with carbonyldiimidazole (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Shape‐Controlled Monodisperse Wurtzite CuInxGa1‐xS2 Semiconductor Nanocrystals with Tunable Band Gap.
Authors: Wang Yu‐Hsiang A. , Zhang Xiaoyan , Bao Ningzhong , Lin Baoping , Gupta Arunava
Published: September 2011

Wurtzite‐structured CuInxGa1‐xS2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) is synthesized by rapidly injecting a mixture of 1‐dodecanethiol and tert.‐dodecanethiol into a solution of Cu(acac)2, In(acac)3, Ga(acac)3, trioctylphosphine oxide, and oleylamine at 150 °C with nitrogen purging, followed by heating at 280—290 °C for 30 min.
ChemInform Abstract: Transmission Electron Microscopy as Indispensable Tool for Imaging and Chemical Characterization of Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Kepinski L.
Published: September 2011

Review: 17 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrodeposited Lead Dioxide Coatings
Authors: Li Xiaohong , Pletcher Derek , Walsh Frank C.
Published: September 2011

Review: 256 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ternary and Higher Pnictides; Prospects for New Materials and Applications
Authors: Cameron Jaime M. , Hughes Robert W. , Zhao Yimin , Gregory Duncan H.
Published: September 2011

Review: 254 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Photodeposition of Metal Sulfide Quantum Dots on Titanium(IV) Dioxide and the Applications to Solar Energy Conversion
Authors: Tada Hiroaki , Fujishima Musashi , Kobayashi Hisayoshi
Published: September 2011

Review: 87 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Endohedrals
Authors: Feng Lai , Akasaka Takeshi , Nagase Shigeru
Published: September 2011

Review: 146 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Deactivation and Regeneration of Wet Air Oxidation Catalysts
Authors: Keav Sylvain , Barbier Jacques Jr. , Duprez Daniel
Published: September 2011

Review: 112 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Asymmetric Catalysis with Cinchona Alkaloid‐Based Primary Amines.
Authors: Jiang Lin , Chen Ying‐Chun
Published: September 2011

Review: 86 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Glycerol and Derived Solvents: New Sustainable Reaction Media for Organic Synthesis
Authors: Diaz‐Alvarez Alba E. , Francos Javier , Lastra‐Barreira Beatriz , Crochet Pascale , Cadierno Victorio
Published: September 2011

Review: 101 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkynes as an Eco‐Compatible “On‐Call” Functionality Orthogonal to Biological Conditions in Water.
Authors: Uhlig Nick , Li Chao‐Jun
Published: September 2011

Review: 94 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Woodward Research Institute, Robert Burns Woodward (1917—1979) and Chemistry Behind the Glass Door
Authors: Craig G. Wayne
Published: September 2011

Review: 59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of L‐Sorbose
Authors: Zebiri Ilhem , Balieu Sebastien , Guilleret Arnaud , Reynaud Romain , Haudrechy Arnaud
Published: September 2011

Review: preparation of open‐chain, pyranose and furanose derivatives; 26 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Diversity Through Semisynthesis: The Chemistry and Biological Activity of Semisynthetic Epothilone Derivatives
Authors: Altmann Karl‐Heinz , Gaugaz Fabienne Z. , Schiess Raphael
Published: September 2011

Review: 77 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Catalytic Asymmetric Carbon—Hydrogen Insertion Reactions. Synthetic Advantages in Total Synthesis in Comparison with Alternative Approaches.
Authors: Doyle Michael P. , Ratnikov Maxim , Liu Yu
Published: September 2011

Review: 128 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiosemicarbazides in Heterocyclization
Authors: Hassan Alaa A. , Shawky Ahmed M.
Published: September 2011

Review: 142 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Development for Enantioselective Synthesis of Aromatic Compounds from Alkynes via Metallacyclopentadienes
Authors: Li Shi , Zhou Lishan , Kanno Ken‐Ichiro , Takahashi Tamotsu
Published: September 2011

Review: 38 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Nitrosocarbonyl Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reaction as a Useful Tool for Organic Syntheses
Authors: Bodnar Brian S. , Miller Marvin J.
Published: September 2011

Review: [217 refs.]
ChemInform Abstract: Biologically Active Macrocyclic Compounds — From Natural Products to Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis.
Authors: Madsen Charlotte M. , Clausen Mads H.
Published: September 2011

Review: 56 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Tautomeric Schiff Bases: Iono‐, Solvato‐, Thermo‐ and Photochromism
Authors: Minkin Vladimir I. , Tsukanov Alexey V. , Dubonosov Alexander D. , Bren Vladimir A.
Published: September 2011

Review: 177 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Protein Import into Chloroplasts: Dealing with the (Membrane) Integration Problem
Authors: Boelter Bettina , Soll Juergen
Published: September 2011

Review: 106 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Distribution and Accumulation of Antibiotics in Cells and Tissues and Toxicity Studies by Immunocytochemistry
Authors: Fujiwara Kunio
Published: September 2011

Review: 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Design Aspects of Bioreactors for Solid‐State Fermentation
Authors: Ali H. Kh. Q. , Zulkali M. M. D.
Published: September 2011

Review: 104 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Aspects of Heterogeneous Enantioselective Catalysis by Metals
Authors: Kyriakou Georgios , Beaumont Simon K. , Lambert Richard M.
Published: September 2011

Review: 84 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Solution‐State Dynamic Nuclear Polarization
Authors: Lingwood Mark D. , Han Songi
Published: September 2011

Review: 194 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the NMR Spectroscopy of Chlorine, Bromine and Iodine
Authors: Butler Bradley J. , Hook James M. , Harper Jason B.
Published: September 2011

Review: 46 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Engineering of Coordination Polymers
Authors: Andruh Marius , Ruiz‐Perez Catalina
Published: September 2011

Review: 162 refs.
Mechanics of the Lung in the 20th Century
Authors: Mitzner Wayne
Published: September 2011

Major advances in respiratory mechanics occurred primarily in the latter half of the 20th century, and this is when much of our current understanding was secured. The earliest and ancient investigations involving respiratory physiology and mechanics were frequently done in conjunction with other scientific activities and often lacked the ability to make quantitative measurements. This situation changed rapidly in the 20th century, and this relatively recent history of lung mechanics has been greatly influenced by critical technological advances and applications, which have made quantitative experimental testing of ideas possible. From the spirometer of Hutchinson, to the pneumotachograph of Fleisch, to the measurement of esophageal pressure, to the use of the Wilhelmy balance by Clements, and to the unassuming strain gauges for measuring pressure and rapid paper and electronic chart recorders, these enabling devices have generated numerous quantitative experimental studies with greatly increased physiologic understanding and validation of mechanistic theories of lung function in health and disease. © 2011 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol1:2009‐2027, 2011.
Regulation of NhaAby Protons
Authors: Padan Etana
Published: September 2011

H+, a most common ion, is involved in very many biological processes. However, most proteins have distinct ranges of pH for function; when the H+concentration in the cells is too high or too low, protons turn into very potent stressors to all cells. Therefore, all living cells are strictly dependent on homeostasis mechanisms that regulate their intracellular pH. Na+/H+antiporters play primary role in pH homeostatic mechanisms both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Regulation by pH is a property common to these antiporters. They are equipped with a pH sensor to perceive the pH signal and a pH transducer to transduce the signal into a change in activity. Determining the crystal structure of NhaA, the Na+/H+antiporter ofEscherichia colihave provided the basis for understanding in a realistic rational way the unique regulation of an antiporter by pH and the mechanism of the antiport activity. The physical separation between the pH sensor/transducer and the active site revealed by the structure entailed long‐range pH‐induced conformational changes for NhaA pH activation. As yet, it is not possible to decide whether the amino acid participating in the pH sensor and the pH transducer overlap or are separated. The pH sensor/transducer is not a single amino acid but rather a cluster of electrostatically interacting residues. Thus, integrating structural, computational, and experimental approaches are essential to reveal how the pH signal is perceived and transduced to activate the pH regulated protein. © 2011 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol1:1711‐1719, 2011.
Integrated Physiological Mechanisms of Exercise Performance, Adaptation, and Maladaptation to Heat Stress
Authors: Sawka Michael N. , Leon Lisa R. , Montain Scott J. , Sonna Larry A.
Published: September 2011

This article emphasizes significant recent advances regarding heat stress and its impact on exercise performance, adaptations, fluid electrolyte imbalances, and pathophysiology. During exercise‐heat stress, the physiological burden of supporting high skin blood flow and high sweating rates can impose considerable cardiovascular strain and initiate a cascade of pathophysiological events leading to heat stroke. We examine the association between heat stress, particularly high skin temperature, on diminishing cardiovascular/aerobic reserves as well as increasing relative intensity and perceptual cues that degrade aerobic exercise performance. We discuss novel systemic (heat acclimation) and cellular (acquired thermal tolerance) adaptations that improve performance in hot and temperate environments and protect organs from heat stroke as well as other dissimilar stresses. We delineate how heat stroke evolves from gut underperfusion/ischemia causing endotoxin release or the release of mitochondrial DNA fragments in response to cell necrosis, to mediate a systemic inflammatory syndrome inducing coagulopathies, immune dysfunction, cytokine modulation, and multiorgan damage and failure. We discuss how an inflammatory response that induces simultaneous fever and/or prior exposure to a pathogen (e.g., viral infection) that deactivates molecular protective mechanisms interacts synergistically with the hyperthermia of exercise to perhaps explain heat stroke cases reported in low‐risk populations performing routine activities. Importantly, we question the “traditional” notion that high core temperature is the critical mediator of exercise performance degradation and heat stroke. Published 2011 This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.Compr Physiol1:1883‐1928, 2011.
From conventional fluid cytology to unusual histological diagnosis: Report of four cases
Authors: Oliveira Marcelo José Andrade , de Almeida Laís Pinto , Wengerkievicz Annelise Correa , Siqueira Sheila Aparecida Coelho , Antonangelo Leila
Published: September 2011

Malignant small round cell tumors represent a diagnostic challenge for cytologists and pathologists. This case series describes four cases of unusual metastasis of small round cell tumors subtypes into body cavities generating effusions in which fluid cytological examination suggested the neuroendocrine origin of the tumors. Tumor diagnosis (Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor and desmoplastic small round cell tumors) were unknown at the cytological evaluation. We can highlight the importance of the accurate analyses of body fluids, both for early diagnosis of metastatic disease, and for the diagnosis of primary tumor when serous effusion is the first manifestation of the neoplasia. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013;41:348–353. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Morphological and immunocytochemical diagnosis of thyroiditis: Comparison between conventional and liquid‐based cytology
Authors: Rossi Esther Diana , Zannoni Gian Franco , Pio Lombardi Celestino , Vellone Valerio Gaetano , Moncelsi Stefania , Papi Giampaolo , Pontecorvi Alfredo , Fadda Guido
Published: September 2011

The efficacy of thyroid (FNAB) processed by liquid‐based cytology (LBC) in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis (HT) in two reference periods, is evaluated. The morphologic features of 820 cases with both methods and the cyto‐histological comparison are analyzed. The diagnosis of hyperplastic nodules (HN) in HT, its mimickers especially in presence of oxyphilic cells and the role of immunocytochemistry (IHC) are studied.

150 cases of HT processed by conventional smear (CS) in 1996–98 and 670 with LBC in 2005–2007,were included. The majority of FNAB were carried out under USguidance and fixed with ethyl alcohol for the CS. LBC material was rinsed in the Cytolit solution, processed according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Among the 150 CS, 83 were HT while 67 were HN in HT; in the second triennium 245 LBC were HT and 425 were HN in HT. In the first period a follow‐up (including a second FNA or surgery) was done in 92 cases, in the second period in 116.

In the surgical group 97.1% in the first period were benign (all HT and 34/36 HN) and 2.8% malignant(all HN). In 2005–2007, 94% were benign (15 HT and 45/49 HN) and 6%malignant. Thirty HN from the second triennium had ICC for HBME‐1 and Galectin‐3 resulting negative in 93.5%. Among these cases, 10 had a benign histology and a concordant negative ICC.

LBC can be used as a valid method for HT, especially for the possible application of ICC to HN, and it allows a correct preoperative selection of lesions Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011; © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Update on Liposarcoma: A review for cytopathologists
Authors: Dodd Leslie G.
Published: September 2011

Liposarcoma (LS) represents the most common type of soft tissue sarcoma. LS is subdivided into four distinct subtypes: well‐differentiated, myxoid/round cell, pleomorphic, and mixed LS. In addition to distinctive morphology, each of the subgroups has a different prognosis and treatment strategy. While subgrouping has traditionally been based on conventional morphology, recent molecular and cytogenetic findings have validated the current classification system. Well‐differentiated LS is characterized by overexpression of MDM2, which blocks the tumor suppressor function of p53. Myxoid/round cell LS is characterized by a specific translocation resulting in a fusion protein which interferes with adipocyte differentiation. Pleomorphic LS, like other high grade sarcomas, is characterized by multiple chromosomal abnormalities. Each of these distinctive molecular signatures can be exploited to aid in the subtyping of LS and in distinguishing true sarcomas of lipogenic derivation from benign mimics. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Utility of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration in the diagnosis and staging of colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Knight Carrie S. , Eloubeidi Mohamad A. , Crowe Ralph , Jhala Nirag C. , Jhala Darshana N. , Chhieng David C. , Eltoum Isam A.
Published: September 2011

The objective of this study is to assess the utility of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) in the diagnosis and staging of colorectal cancer. The study includes patients who underwent EUS‐FNA at our institution for staging of colorectal carcinoma or for evaluation peri‐rectal masses or distal metastases from August 2000 to November 2010. We assessed the frequency with which EUS‐FNA procedure confirms the diagnosis of malignancy and the percent of cases in which it modifies staging of colorectal carcinoma. Using histology as a reference standard, we also assessed the diagnostic performance. We identified 79 cases of EUS‐FNA from 77 patients, mean (SD) age of 60 (12.5), 44 males. Twenty‐seven (34%) aspirates were from patients with primary rectal/peri‐rectal masses, 15 (19%) were from patients with suspected regional lymph node metastasis, and 37 (47%) were cases of suspected of distal metastasis. All lesions were clinically suspicious for primary or metastatic colorectal carcinoma. On cytologic examinations, 43 (54%) cases were confirmed as malignant, 6 (8%) were benign neoplasms, 4 (5%) were suspicious for malignant neoplasm, 2 (3%) showed atypical cells, and the rest 24 (30%) were negative for neoplasms. Fourteen of 27 (52%) of the local rectal masses were confirmed as colorectal carcinoma. Eleven of 15 (73%) regional lymph nodes were positive for metastasis—all, but two of these metastases, were of colorectal origin. Twenty of 37(54%) distal lesions were metastatic neoplasms and 15 of those were colorectal in origin. Diagnosis of primary colorectal carcinoma was confirmed in 52% of the clinically suspicious primary lesions and in 42% regional or distal metastatic lesions. Using histology as a reference standard in 27 of 79 (29%) cases, we calculated an overall sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (C.I) of EUS‐FNA of 89% (74–100%), 79% (50–100%) 89% (74–100%), and 79% (51–100%). EUS‐FNA is useful for assessing primary and metastatic colorectal lesion. This technique improves staging of suspected nodal or distant metastases. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013;41:1031–1037. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Embryonic expression of zebrafish MiT family genes tfe3b, tfeb, and tfec
Authors: Lister James A. , Lane Brandon M. , Nguyen Anhthu , Lunney Katherine
Published: September 2011

The MiT family comprises four genes in mammals: Mitf, Tfe3, Tfeb, and Tfec, which encode transcription factors of the basic‐helix‐loop‐helix/leucine zipper class. Mitf is well‐known for its essential role in the development of melanocytes, however the functions of the other members of this family, and of interactions between them, are less well understood. We have now characterized the complete set of MiT genes from zebrafish, which totals six instead of four. The zebrafish genome contain two mitf (mitfa and mitfb), two tfe3 (tfe3a and tfe3b), and single tfeb and tfec genes; this distribution is shared with other teleosts. We present here the sequence and embryonic expression patterns for the zebrafish tfe3b, tfeb, and tfec genes, and identify a new isoform of tfe3a. These findings will assist in elucidating the roles of the MiT gene family over the course of vertebrate evolution. Developmental Dynamics 240:2529–2538, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Embryonic development of the self‐fertilizing mangrove killifish Kryptolebias marmoratus
Authors: Mourabit Sulayman , Edenbrow Mathew , Croft Darren P. , Kudoh Tetsuhiro
Published: September 2011

Developing embryos of the self‐fertilising mangrove killifish Kryptolebias marmoratus. PTU‐treated embryo (left) lacking melanin pigmentation and a normal embryo (right), 10 days post‐fertilisation. Due to its ability to self‐fertilise, this species proves to be a highly useful embryological model with unique genetics. From Mourabit et al., Developmental Dynamics 240:1694–1704, 2011.