bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hospitalized burn injuries in Massachusetts: an assessment of incidence and product involvement.
Authors: Rossignol A M , Boyle C M , Locke J A , Burke J F
Published: November 2008

We assessed the frequency of hospitalized burn injuries in Massachusetts, and product involvement in causing burns, by reviewing the hospital inpatient records and emergency room logbooks for 240 of New England's 256 acute-care hospitals. Children less than two years of age, males, and Blacks experienced higher burns rates than did older individuals, females, or Whites. Products frequently associated with burn injuries included those involved in food preparation and consumption, flammable liquids, and clothing.
Advice about weight gain during pregnancy and actual weight gain.
Authors: Taffel S M , Keppel K G
Published: November 2008

In the 1980 National Natality Survey, married mothers were asked whether their doctors had suggested a weight gain limit during pregnancy and, if so, what limit was suggested. Current obstetric recommendations call for 22-27 pound weight gain. Previous research indicates that gaining less than 16 pounds greatly increases the likelihood of a poor pregnancy outcome. Reported advice varied by mother's race, education, parity, and prepregnancy weight. Mothers given no advice or advised to gain less than 22 pounds were far more likely than others to have an inadequate gain. The findings suggest that many more women should be told that it is appropriate to gain at least 22 pounds.
The effects of race, residence, and prenatal care on the relationship of maternal age to neonatal mortality.
Authors: Geronimus A T
Published: November 2008

This population-based study explores whether excessive neonatal mortality rates (NMRs) among infants with teenage mothers are attributable to young maternal age or to a translation of environmental disadvantage into reproductive disadvantage. First births from the 1976-79 linked birth and infant death registers for three states are analyzed. The data set is sufficiently large (305,907 births) to measure maternal age in fine gradations while including several control variables in logit analyses. The associations of racial identification and prenatal care with low birthweight, short gestation, and neonatal mortality overshadow and confound the association between teenage and poor outcome. At every maternal age, higher NMRs are observed for Blacks compared to Whites. The hypothesis that excessive neonatal mortality among Blacks is due to the greater frequency of teenage childbearing among Blacks is refuted. Indeed, unlike White, Black primiparae above age 23 experience higher NMRs than most Black or White teenagers. These results suggest that teenage maternity is not the primary causal agent of all of the problems with which it is associated.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (DDE) in human milk: effects of maternal factors and previous lactation.
Authors: Rogan W J , Gladen B C , McKinney J D , Carreras N , Hardy P , Thullen J , Tingelstad J , Tully M
Published: November 2008

The authors measured polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (DDE) in maternal serum, cord blood, placenta, and serial samples of breast milk from 868 women. Almost all samples of breast milk showed detectable levels of both chemicals. Overall, values for DDE in this study are within the range of those found previously, whereas those for PCBs are somewhat higher. Possible causes of variation in levels were investigated. For DDE, older women, Black women, cigarette smokers, and women who consumed sport fish during pregnancy had higher levels; only age and race showed large effects. For PCBs, older women, women who regularly drink alcohol, and primiparae had higher levels. In addition, both chemicals showed modest variation across occupational groupings. Casual exposure to a PCB spill did not result in chemical levels different from background. In general, women have higher levels in their first lactation and in the earlier samples of a given lactation, and levels decline both with time spent breast-feeding and with number of children nursed. These striking declines are presumably a measure of exposure to the child.
Nutrient intake and supplementation in the United States (NHANES II).
Authors: Koplan J P , Annest J L , Layde P M , Rubin G L
Published: November 2008

Data from the second United States Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) suggest that almost 35 per cent of the US population 18 to 74 years of age takes vitamin/mineral supplements regularly. Both higher nutrient intake and use of vitamin supplementation are associated with older ages, higher income, higher education level, and White race. Accounting for differences associated with sex, age, race, income, and education, persons with higher nutrient intakes remain more likely to take vitamin supplements.
Self-rated health as a predictor of hospital admission and nursing home placement in elderly public housing tenants.
Authors: Weinberger M , Darnell J C , Tierney W M , Martz B L , Hiner S L , Barker J , Neill P J
Published: November 2008

We assessed the validity of self-rated health in a one-year prospective study of 155 elderly public housing tenants. Compared to studies of elderly community residents, tenants had poorer self-rated health, and higher hospital admission and nursing home placement rates. Poor self-rated health was a risk factor for both outcomes. We conclude that self-rated health may be useful in identifying persons at increased risk for hospital admission and nursing home placement.
Nurse practitioner and physician assistant practices in three HMOs: implications for future US health manpower needs.
Authors: Weiner J P , Steinwachs D M , Williamson J W
Published: November 2008

This study empirically examines the practices of non-physician providers (NPPs) within three large competitive health maintenance organizations (HMOs), as well as the physicians' and NPPs' views regarding the ideal role of NPPs. These roles are compared with NPP delegation patterns incorporated in the modeling methodology developed by the Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee (GMENAC). GMENAC recommended relatively high levels of delegation by physicians to NPPs. One of the HMO sites made use of NPPs at rates even higher than GMENAC's national ideals, while the rates at the other two were lower. The normative ideals for pediatric NPPs developed at each HMO were consistently higher than their actual roles. Concerns with acceptance and the role of NPPs are clearly no longer issues. Instead, the limits on NPP involvement appear to relate to considerations of costs, availability, and the increasing numbers of physicians competing for similar opportunities.
Mental health and social characteristics of the homeless: a survey of mission users.
Authors: Fischer P J , Shapiro S , Breakey W R , Anthony J C , Kramer M
Published: November 2008

Selected mental health and social characteristics of 51 homeless persons drawn as a probability sample from missions are compared to those of 1,338 men aged 18-64 years living in households from the NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area survey conducted in Eastern Baltimore. Differences between the two groups were small with respect to age, race, education, and military service but the differences in mental health status, utilization patterns, and social dysfunction were large. About one-third of the homeless scored high on the General Health Questionnaire which measures distress. A similar proportion had a current psychiatric disorder as ascertained by the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS), with the homeless exhibiting higher prevalence rates in every DIS/DSM III diagnostic category compared to domiciled men. Homeless persons reported higher rates of hospitalization than household men for both mental (33 per cent vs 5 per cent) and physical (20 per cent vs 10 per cent) problems but a lower proportion received ambulatory care (41 per cent vs 50 per cent). Social dysfunction among the homeless was indicated by fewer social contacts and higher rates of arrests as adults than domiciled men (58 per cent vs 24 per cent), including multiple arrests (38 per cent vs 9 per cent) and felony convictions (16 per cent vs 5 per cent). Implications of these findings are discussed in terms of research and health policy.
Tuberculin reactivity in United States and foreign-born Latinos: results of a community-based screening program.
Authors: Perez-Stable E J , Slutkin G , Paz E A , Hopewell P C
Published: November 2008

Because of the concern that we were underestimating the prevalence of tuberculosis within the Latino community in San Francisco, we undertook a community-based screening program directed largely towards recent immigrants. Of 1,871 intermediate-strength (5 TU) tuberculin tests applied and read, 37 per cent of the reactions were greater than or equal to 10 mm. Significant reactions were found in 53 per cent of foreign-born persons compared to 7 per cent of those born in the United States. Persons older than 20 years of age were more likely to have significant reactions compared to younger Latinos. Among the foreign-born, the frequency of significant reactions was not influenced by the length of stay in the US or a history of BCG (bacille Calmette-Guérain) vaccination. Two foreign-born children were found to have current tuberculosis. The prevalence of tuberculin reactors among US-born Latino children was 3 per cent, which suggests that undetected transmission of tuberculosis may be occurring. We conclude that Latino immigrants should be systematically screened for tuberculosis.
Source of admission and cost: public hospitals face financial risk.
Authors: Muñoz E , Soldano R , Laughlin A , Margolis I B , Wise L
Published: November 2008

We studied all admissions to the 11 acute care hospitals of the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation (April 1983-September 1984) matching emergency room (ER) admitted diagnostic related group (DRG) subgroups in each hospital with at least five non-ER admitted patients (N = 222,961). Mean cost per ER patient ($8,385) was greater than non-ER mean cost per patient ($4,386) for Medicare and non-Medicare. Our data suggest that public hospitals with a high proportion of ER admissions may be at a financial disadvantage under DRG reimbursement.
Trends in tobacco use on television.
Authors: Cruz J , Wallack L
Published: November 2008

A two-week composite sample of prime time television programming from fall 1984 was analyzed for portrayals of alcohol and tobacco. Earlier studies note that smoking acts have progressively declined, suggesting smoking is no longer as frequent on prime time television. The current study notes higher levels of smoking. This could be an indication that smoking is returning, and/or related to recent programming changes featuring more dramas on prime time television.
Cervical cancer in immigrant Caribbean women.
Authors: Fruchter R G , Remy J C , Burnett W S , Boyce J G
Published: November 2008

At a public hospital serving the low-income community in Brooklyn, New York, invasive cervical cancer (ICC) was diagnosed in more advanced stages in Haitian and English-speaking Caribbean immigrants than in US-born Black women. In Brooklyn as a whole, only Haitians had more advanced ICC. Fewer Haitians had preinvasive cancer or ICC detected by a Pap test. Data are consistent with less frequent screening among low-income immigrants.
Epidemiology of hepatitis B infection in institutionalized mentally retarded clients.
Authors: Lohiya S , Lohiya G , Caires S
Published: November 2008

In 1,149 clients of an institution for the mentally retarded, the prevalences of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B virus markers were 12 per cent and 66 per cent, respectively. HBsAg prevalence was higher in males, Down syndrome, ambulatory, and older clients, and those with longer institutionalization. Serum alanine aminotransferase levels were abnormal in 31 per cent of HBsAg positive and 10 per cent of HBsAg-negative clients.
Validation of hospital discharge diagnosis data for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other allied conditions.
Authors: Mazumdar S , Colbus D S , Townsend M C
Published: November 2008

The assumption that discharge diagnoses of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other allied conditions accurately reflect patient medical records was tested using a sample of 553 hospital discharges from the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania area. Three validation criteria were used in reviewing patient hospital records: 1) the presence of abnormal spirometry test results; 2) reference made to a previous diagnosis of one of the conditions; and 3) reports of respiratory symptoms consistent with these conditions. The findings were that 1 per cent of the 432 cases with a primary diagnosis in this disease category and 10 per cent of the 121 cases with a primary diagnosis of heart disease and a secondary diagnosis in this disease category were not supported by any of the selected criteria.
Health care of poverty and nonpoverty children in Iowa.
Authors: Levey L A , MacDowell N M , Levey S
Published: November 2008

Responses to a survey of 637 Iowa children under age six years from Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) households was conducted through telephone interviews with parents and compared to a second sample of children in 760 randomly sampled households. Utilization of health services for children in the AFDC sample was similar to that of nonpoverty children and superior to that of other poverty children. Irrespective of Medicaid coverage, poverty children's health care differed from that of nonpoverty children in the following ways: less well care from a private practice or pediatrician, seeing the same health professional at each well visit less often, receiving immunizations at the same place as source of well care, examination by a physician at the most recent well visit, sick care at the same place as well care.
Health risks associated with wastewater irrigation: an epidemiological study.
Authors: Fattal B , Wax Y , Davies M , Shuval H I
Published: November 2008

An analysis of morbidity was made in 11 kibbutzim (cooperative agricultural settlements), with a total population of 3,040, that had switched from nonwastewater to wastewater sprinkler irrigation or vice versa. Generally, partially treated stabilization pond effluent of poor microbial quality was used for irrigation. Vegetables or salad crops were not irrigated with effluent. The results showed that a seasonal, twofold, excess risk of "enteric" disease was found in the 0 to 4 year-old age group during the summer irrigation months in those years in which wastewater was used for irrigation, compared with the parallel summer months of nonwastewater irrigation years in the same kibbutz. On the year round rates basis, little or no excess enteric disease was found in wastewater irrigating communities.
Affirmative action at work: a survey of graduates of the University of California, San Diego, Medical School.
Authors: Penn N E , Russell P J , Simon H J , Jacob T C , Stafford C , Castro E , Cisneros J , Bush M
Published: November 2008

Reported here are the results of a mail survey of 113 graduates from the University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine. Fifty-seven had been admitted with assistance of the Special Admissions Subcommittee (SAS) and 56 had been admitted through the traditional Recruitment and Admissions Committee mechanisms. SAS graduates see more patients daily, and practice more often in primary care specialties in rural and inner-city areas, providing medical care for ethnic minorities from lower socioeconomic strata.
Immediate public health concerns and actions in volcanic eruptions: lessons from the Mount St. Helens eruptions, May 18-October 18, 1980.
Authors: Bernstein R S , Baxter P J , Falk H , Ing R , Foster L , Frost F
Published: November 2008

A comprehensive epidemiological evaluation of mortality and short-term morbidity associated with explosive volcanic activity was carried out by the Centers for Disease Control in collaboration with affected state and local health departments, clinicians, and private institutions. Following the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, a series of public health actions were rapidly instituted to develop accurate information about volcanic hazards and to recommend methods for prevention or control of adverse effects on safety and health. These public health actions included: establishing a system of active surveillance of cause-specific emergency room (ER) visits and hospital admissions in affected and unaffected communities for comparison; assessing the causes of death and factors associated with survival or death among persons located near the crater; analyzing the mineralogy and toxicology of sedimented ash and the airborne concentration of resuspended dusts; investigating reported excesses of ash-related adverse respiratory effects by epidemiological methods such as cross-sectional and case-control studies; and controlling rumors and disseminating accurate, timely information about volcanic hazards and recommended preventive or control measures by means of press briefings and health bulletins. Surveillance and observational studies indicated that: excess in morbidity were limited to transient increases in ER visits and hospital admissions for traumatic injuries and respiratory problems (but not for communicable disease or mental health problems) which were associated in time, place, and person with exposures to volcanic ash; excessive mortality due to suffocation (76 per cent), thermal injuries (12 per cent), or trauma (12 per cent) by ash and other volcanic hazards was directly proportional to the degree of environmental damage--that is, it was more pronounced among those persons (48/65, or about 74 per cent) who, at the time of the eruption, were residing, camping, or sightseeing (despite restrictions) or working (with permission) closer to the crater in areas affected by the explosive blast, pyroclastic and mud flows, and heavy ashfall; and de novo appearance of ash-related asthma was not observed, but transient excesses in adverse respiratory effects occurred in two high-risk groups--hypersusceptibles (with preexisting asthma or chronic bronchitis) and heavily exposed workers. Laboratory and field studies indicated that: volcanic ash had mild to moderate fibrogenic potential, consisting of greater than 90 per cent (by count) respirable size particles which contained 4-7 per cent (by weight) crystalline free silica (SiO2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Plant Secondary Metabolites as Potential Anticancer Agents and Cancer Chemopreventives
Authors: Kinghorn A. Douglas
Published: November 2008

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Enzymes in Organic Solvents: the Use of Lipases and (R)-Oxynitrilase for the Preparation of Products of Biological Interest
Authors: Gotor Vicente
Published: November 2008

The use of enzymes in organic solvents has acquired a special relevance in organic synthesis, and lipases are the enzymes most commonly used in transesterication reactions. In the past few years, we have shown the utility of enzymatic aminolysis and ammonolysis reactions for the preparation of amides and for the resolution of esters and amines. The enzymatic alkoxycarbonylation reaction is of great utility in chemoselective reactions of natural products. Lipases, enzymes much less exploited in organic synthesis, have an increasing interest, especially the use of (R)-oxynitrilases for the synthesis of optically active cyanohydrins.
N-Alkyl-N-methylacetamidinium Ions. Isomerization and Water Catalyzed Exchange Rates in D2O
Authors: Dacosta Angel , Pekerar Sarah V. , Núñez Oswaldo
Published: November 2008

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Role of Weak Molecular Interactions in the Mechanism of Action of a Series of Antihelmintics
Authors: Santo Marisa , Giacomelli Liliana , Reta Mario , Cattana Rosa , Silber Juana , Chana Antonio , Rodriguez Mercedes , Ochoa Carmen
Published: November 2008

Different physicochemical properties such as solute-solute and solute-solvent interactions, tautomerism, lipophilicity and solubility in water were determined for a serie of 6,7-diaryl-pteridines in order to relate those properties with their nematocide action.
The AlCl3–L Reagent and its Application to the Regioselective Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation
Authors: Suárez Alejandra G.
Published: November 2008

Use of the AlCl3–L reagent in the regioselective acylation of benzodioxinic derivatives. Spectroscopic studies show the presence of coordination compounds as reaction intermediates, being the responsible of the observed regioselectivity.
Using Empirical Rules from 13C NMR Analysis to Determine the Stereochemistry of the Epoxide Located at the 5,6-position of Decalinic Systems
Authors: Cravero Raquel M. , Labadie Guillermo R. , Sierra Manuel Gonzalez
Published: November 2008

An empiric rule derived from the analysis of the 13C NMR spectral data, allowed us to determine 5,6-epoxide stereochemistry on decalinic systems and a discussion of the scope and limitations of this rule and its extension to other carbon squeletons, is presented.
Applications of Olefination Reactions to Cassiol Synthesis
Authors: Colombo María I. , Bacigaluppo Jose A. , Mischne Mirta P. , Zinczuk Juán , Rúveda Edmundo A.
Published: November 2008

Olefination reactions directed to the synthesis of cassiol from compounds 2-5 will be discussed.
Organic Cosolvent Effect on the Estimation of the Solubility of Oil Residues in Soil
Authors: Ríos S. , Katusich O. , Nudelman N.
Published: November 2008

The solubility in water and the partition coefficients, K, in soils samples of residues of petroleum of different ages were determined using an organic cosolvent (methanol), and the solvophobic theory was applied for the interpretation of results. The behavior of the residuals turned out to be dependent of the cosolvent fraction. The values of K’s vary among 900 (Lkg-1) and 2,900 (Lkg-1) showing a general and marked increase for residues of increasing age. The determined parameters are useful for the modeling of environmental impact in polluted soils.
Synthesis and Physicochemical Study of a Quinoxaline Derivative with Potencial Antineoplasic or Anti-HIV Activity
Authors: Rodrigo Gabriela A. , Bekerman Diana G. , Robinsohn Adriana E. , Fernández Beatriz M.
Published: November 2008

Kinetics of the synthesis of 3-[3-quinoxaline(1H)-one]propionic acid (I) were performed. This compound was achieved from reaction between o-phenylenediamine and α-ketoglutaric acid under different experimental conditions, and it was sent to the National Cancer Institute (USA) for its pharmacological evaluation.
Chemo- and Stereoselective Reduction of Polyfunctional Carbonyl Compounds by Mucor rouxii
Authors: Mangone Constanza P. , Pereyra Elba N. , Moreno de Colonna Silvia M. , Baldessari Alicia
Published: November 2008

Several polyfunctional carbonyl compounds, such as α- and β-ketoesters, were chemo- and stereoselectively reduced by Mucor rouxii cultures in water and in organic solvents. Results show that reductions can be carried out in a variety of organic solvents.
Electrosynthesis of 3-Nitrophenotiazine. Nitration in Non-Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Perlo P. A. , Cortona M. N. , Silber J. J. , Sereno L. E.
Published: November 2008

The nitration of Phenothiazine (PHEN) in acetonitrile (ACN) in the presence of excess NaNO2 has been studied in detail. First, the electrochemical behavior of the reactants was investigated by cyclic voltammetry to determine the electrolysis conditions. Controlledpotential electrolysis was used for the electrosynthesis.
Two New Labdane Diterpene Glycoside from Flowers of Bacchris Medulosa DC
Authors: Cifuente D. A. , Tonn C. E. , Giordano O. S.
Published: November 2008

Two new labdane-type diterpene glycoside, were isolated from the flowers of Baccharis medulosa DC (Asteraceae). Structures of these compounds were established by application of various spectroscopic techniques.
Reactivity of β-Stannylketones. Elimination vs. Substitution
Authors: Murray Ana Paula , Chopa Alicia B.
Published: November 2008

In the present work we report the results obtained in the reaction of β-stannylketones (I) with t-BuONa in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and acetonitrile (ACN) as solvents. The reaction mechanisms probably involved are proposed.
Addition of Organotin Anions to α,β-Unsaturated Nitriles
Authors: Lassalle V. , Lockhart M. T. , Chopa A. B.
Published: November 2008

The addition reaction of triorganotin anions to α,β-unsaturated nitriles leads to α-alkyl-β-stannylnitriles with high diastereoselectivity.
Synthesis of Poly(m-pyridylene-1,2-diphenylvinylene)
Authors: Montani Rosana S. , Diez Alejandra S. , Garay Raúl O.
Published: November 2008

The synthesis by dehalogenating polycondensation and characterization of a new soluble conjugated polymer, poly(m-pyridylene-1,2-diphenylvinylene), DP-PPyV, is reported here. It shows good mechanical properties and a λmax = 330 nm. The maximum intensity peak of MALDI-TOF corresponds to 1.800 Da.
Conformational Study of New AZT Derivatives
Authors: Baumgartner M. T. , Motura M. I. , Pierini A. B. , Briñón M. C.
Published: November 2008

A conformational study of three new AZT derivatives was made by semiempirical methods in order to find a structural correlation between these derivatives and AZT.
Cyclodimerization of Stilbenes and Styrenes Catalyzed by Heteropolyacid Supported on Silica
Authors: Alesso E. N. , Aguirre J. , Lantaño B. , Finkielsztein L. , Moltrasio G. Y. , Vázquez P. G. , Pizzio L. R. , Caceres C. , White M. , Thomas H. J.
Published: November 2008

Several stilbenes and styrenes have been treated with heteropolyacid] (HPA) supported over silice. The compounds obtained were characterized by 1H and 13C- NMR and the yields were compared with those obtained using H2SO4 (c) and ethyl poliphosphate] (PPE).
Synthesis of Indanes Via a [3+2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Lantaño B. , Finkielsztein L. M. , Alesso E. N. , Aguirre J. M. , Moltrasio G. Y.
Published: November 2008

The acid -promoted [3+2] cycloaddition of alkenes with benzhydrylic alcohols afford products in good yield and with remarkable stereoselectivity.
Synthesis and In Vitro Antigungal Properties of 4-Aryl-4-Narylamine-1-butenes and Related Compounds
Authors: Kouznetsov V. , Urbina J. , Palma A. , López S. , Devia C. , Enriz R. , Zacchino S.
Published: November 2008

A new series of 4-aryl and 4-alkyl-4-N-arylamine-1-butenes (homoallylamines) were synthesized and some of them transformed to 4-aryl or alkylquinolines. All of them showed strong antifungal activities against human pathogenic fungi in vitro, being Epidermophyton floccosum the most susceptible species.
Citotoxic Activity of Extracts and Sesquiterpene Lactones from Stachycephalum argentinum
Authors: Alarcón R. , Vaccarini C. , Sosa V.
Published: November 2008

The extracts and sesquiterpene lactones of S.argentinum were assayed to determine their biological activity on Artemia salina. The most active compound was costunolide (1) with LD50= 62 ppm.
Fluorimetric Determination of Carbamate Pesticides in Host-Guest Complexes
Authors: Veglia Alicia Viviana
Published: November 2008

From the effect of β-cyclodextrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin on the UVvisible and fluorescence spectra of carbaryl and carbofuran, the values of association constants were determined. The ratio of the fluorescence quantum yields for the bound and free substrates indicated an enhanced fluorimetric method of detection.
Synthesis of Ethylenic and Acetylenic Triorganotins with Bulky Organic Ligands
Authors: Dodero V. , Koll L. C. , Podestá J. C.
Published: November 2008

The syntheses of trineophyl- (1a) and tri-(-)-menthylstannyl phenylacetylene (1b) as well as that of (E)-1-trineophylestannyl-2-phenylethene (2) and (E)-1-trineophylstannyl-1,2-diphenylethene (3) are described. The hydrostannation of 1a with an excess of trimethyltin hydride led to 1,1,1-tris(trimethyltin)-2-phenylethane (4) and/or 1,1-bis(trimethyltin)-2-phenylethene (5) depending on the reaction conditions.
New Spiranoid Withanolides From Jaborosa Odonelliana
Authors: Cirigliano A. M. , Veleiro A. S. , Oberti J. C. , Burton G.
Published: November 2008

From whole Jaborosa odonelliana plants four new withanolides containing a spiranic lactone in the side chain, were isolated and their structures elucidated by spectroscopic methods.
Synthesis of D-Homo Analogs of Neurosteroids
Authors: Di Chenna P. , Ghini A. A. , Burton G.
Published: November 2008

17(13→18)-Abeo and D-homo analogs of the natural neurosteroid 3α-hydroxy-5αH-pregnan-20-one were prepared by anionic or radical (mercury (II) hydride mediated) rearrangements of steroidal cyclopropylketones respectively.
Reactivity Comparison of D–Glucose–Derived Dienophiles. Analysis of the Conformational and Electronic Properties
Authors: Pellegrinet S. C. , Baumgartner M. T. , Spanevello R. A.
Published: November 2008

Semiempirical calculations were performed to carry out a conformational analysis for carbohydrate-derived dienophiles 1-4. For α,β-unsaturated carbonylic compounds 2-4, a good correlation between Diels-Alder reactivity with calculated values for LUMO energies was observed.
Lipoxygenase-1 Activity of Soybean Genotypes Grown in Argentina
Authors: Meriles J. M. , Guzmán C. A. , Maestri D. M.
Published: November 2008

The lipoxygenase-1 (LOX-1) activity of 19 soybean genotypes was quantified in two consecutive years. The LOX-1 activity produced by any cultivar was essentially the same in both, 1995 and 1996 crop years. The lowest values of LOX-1 activity were found in NK 555 cultivar whereas Asgrow 5409 cultivar had the highest values.
1H and 13C-NMR Spectroscopic Study of Some 1H-4,5-Dihydroimidazolium Salts
Authors: Salerno Alejandra , Perillo Isabel A.
Published: November 2008

The 1H y 13C-NMR spectra of some 1,3 and 1,2,3-trisubstituted 1H-4,5-dihydroimidazolium salts are analyzed.
Conformational Analysis of Seven Membered Nitrogen Heterocycles Employing Molecular Modeling. Part II: 1-(ONitrophenyl)-2-Phenyl-1h-4,5,6,7-Tetrahydro-1,3-Diazepine
Authors: Hedrera Mónica E. , Robinsohn Adriana , Perillo Isabel A.
Published: November 2008

Geometry optimization of 1-(o-nitrophenyl)-2-phenyl-1H-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-diazepine is performed by means of molecular modeling. Results are correlated with theoretical and experimental UV spectra.
Formation of Complexes of Flavonoids and Metals. Determination of the Stoichiometry and Stability Constants
Authors: Barolli M. , Werner R. , Slep L. , Pomilio A.
Published: November 2008

The complexes between some flavonoids and metals (Co(II), Cu(II), Mn(II), Mg(II), Sn(II)) have been studied by spectrophotometric methods in order to determine the stoichiometry and stability constants.
Chemical Modifications of 1,2,5-Oxadiazole N-Oxide System Searching for Cytotoxic Selective Hypoxic Drugs
Authors: Boiani M. , Cerecetto H. , González M. , Risso M. , Seoane G. , Sagrera G. , Ezpeleta O. , López de Ceráin A. , Monge A.
Published: November 2008

New analogues of 3-Formyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5-oxadiazole N-oxide (1) are prepared and evaluated as cytotoxic selective agents in hypoxia.
A Simple Enzymatic Preparation of 2’,3’-Di-OAcetylnucleosides Through a Lipase Catalyzed Alcoholysis
Authors: Zinni Alejandra , Schmidt Alejandro , Gallo Mariana , Iglesias Luis , Iribarren Adolfo
Published: November 2008

Several 2’,3’-di-O-acetylnucleosides (2a-d) were obtained regioselectively through a Candida antarctica B lipase catalyzed alcoholysis.
Stereoelectronic Contributions to 1H-1H Coupling Constants
Authors: Sproviero E. M. , Burton G.
Published: November 2008

The effect of stereoelectronic interactions on coupling constants is shown. The analysis is done with a new approach in which a selected interaction is deleted and the effect over the couplings is analyzed. 1H-1H magnetic couplings three and four bonds apart in hydrocarbons are shown.
Alkali Treatment of the Polysaccharides from the Cystocarpic Stage from Iridaea Undulosa
Authors: Flores María L. , Cerezo Alberto S. , Stortz Carlos A.
Published: November 2008

The polysaccharides from cystocarpic Iridaea undulosa, soluble and insoluble in 2M potassium chloride, Cs and Ci, respectively, were treated with alkali and fractionated by precipitation with increasing concentrations of KCl. They were later separated by ionexchange chromatography, to yield fractions enriched in an α-(1→6)-glucan, agaroids and carrageenans.
Integral Chemical Analysis of the Amaranth (Amaranthus greggii S. Wats)
Authors: Pattacini Silvia H. , Scoles Gladis E. , Covas Guillermo F.
Published: November 2008

The objective of this work was to obtain information on Amaranthus greggii S. Wats., related to its nutritional value, its agricultural application as leaf vegetable and for animal consumption. The following variables were analyzed: dampness, ashes, protein, mineral, ethereal extract (fat), brute fiber, oxalic acid, nitrates and carbohydrates.
Catalytic Activity of MEL Zeolites Modified with Metallic Couples for the Conversion of Ethane
Authors: Eimer Griselda , Girola Pedro , Tomas Lorena , Pierella Liliana B. , Anunziata Oscar A.
Published: November 2008

The transformation of ethane into aromatic hydrocarbons over Zn-metal- containing zeolites at W/F=10 gh/mol and 550°C was studied in a flow reactor at atmospheric pressure. Zn-metal-zeolite modified the activation mode of the alkane, generating highly reactive intermediates and enhancing the aromatic selectivity.
Molecular Interactions Between the Active Sites of RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) with its Receptor (Integrine)
Authors: Suivre F. , Floridia R. , Giannini F. , Rodriguez A. , Enriz R. , Jauregui E.
Published: November 2008

A study of the molecular interactions between the active sites of RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) with it Receptor using simultaions is reported. Our calculations indicate that the guanidine-carboxylate complex is energetically favourd with respect to the guanidine-methyl tetrazole complex.
Redifferentiation of In Vitro Expanded Adult Articular Chondrocytes by Combining the Hanging-Drop Cultivation Method with Hypoxic Environment
Authors: Martinez Inigo , Elvenes Jan , Olsen Randi , Bertheussen Kjell , Johansen Oddmund
Published: November 2008

The main purpose of this work has been to establish a new culturing technique to improve the chondrogenic commitment of isolated adult human chondrocytes, with the aim of being used during cell-based therapies or tissue engineering strategies. By using a rather novel technique to generate scaffold-free three-dimensional (3D) structures from in vitro expanded chondrocytes, we have explored the effects of different culture environments on cartilage formation. Three-dimensional chondrospheroids were developed by applying the hanging-drop technique. Cartilage tissue formation was attempted after combining critical factors such as serum-containing or serum-free media and atmospheric (20%) or low (2.5%) oxygen tensions. The quality of the formed microtissues was analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and real-time PCR, and directly compared with native adult cartilage. Our results revealed highly organized, 3D tissue-like structures developed by the hanging-drop method. All culture conditions allowed formation of 3D spheroids; however, cartilage generated under low oxygen tension had a bigger size, enhanced matrix deposition, and higher quality of cartilage formation. Real-time PCR demonstrated enhanced expression of cartilage-specific genes such us collagen type II and aggrecan in 3D cultures when compared to monolayers. Cartilage-specific matrix proteins and genes expressed in hanging-drop-developed spheroids were comparable to the expression obtained by applying the pellet culture system. In summary, our results indicate that a combination of 3D cultures of chondrocytes in hanging drops and a low oxygen environment represent an easy and convenient way to generate cartilage-like microstructures. We also show that a new specially tailored serum-free medium is suitable for in vitro cartilage tissue formation. This new methodology opens up the possibility of using autogenously produced solid 3D structures with redifferentiated chondrocytes as an attractive alternative to the currently used autologous chondrocyte transplantation for cartilage repair.
Comparative Characterization of Cultured Human Term Amnion Epithelial and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Application in Cell Therapy
Authors: Bilic Grozdana , Zeisberger Steffen M. , Mallik Ajit S. , Zimmermann Roland , Zisch Andreas H.
Published: November 2008

Emerging evidence suggests human amnion tissue as a valuable source of two distinct types of pluripotent cells, amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) and mesenchymal stromal cells (hAMSCs), for applications in cell replacement therapy. For some approaches, it may be necessary to culture and differentiate these cells before they can be transplanted. No systematic attempt has been yet made to determine the quantity and quality of amnion cells after isolation and culture. We looked at amnion cell isolates from 27 term placentas. Following our optimized protocol, primary yields were 6.3 × 106 hAECs and 1.7 × 106 hAMSCs per gram amnion. All 27 cases gave vital cultures of hAMSCs, while one third of cases (9 of 27) failed to give adherent cultures of hAECs. Primary cultures contained significantly more proliferating than apoptotic cells (hAECs: 16.4% vs. 4.0%; hAMSCs: 9.5% vs. 2.4%). Neither hAECs nor hAMSCs were clonogenic. They showed slow proliferation that almost stopped beyond passage 5. Microscopic follow-up revealed that hAEC morphology gradually changed towards mesenchymal phenotype over several passages. Flow cytometric characterization of primary cultures showed expression of mesenchymal progenitor markers CD73, CD90, CD105, and CD166, as well as the embryonic stem cell markers SSEA-3 and -4 on both amnion cell types. These profiles were grossly maintained in secondary cultures. Reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis exhibited transcripts of Oct-3/4 and stem cell factor in primary and secondary cultures of all cases, but no telomerase reverse transcriptase. Immunocytochemistry confirmed translation into Oct-3/4 protein in part of hAEC cultures, but not in hAMSCs. Further, both amnion cell types stained for CD90 and SSEA-4. Osteogenic induction studies with amnion cells from four cases showed significantly stronger differentiation of hAECs than hAMSCs; this capacity to differentiate greatly varied between cases. In conclusion, hAECs and hAMSCs in culture exhibit and maintain a similar marker profile of mesenchymal progenitors. hAECs were found as a less reliable source than hAMSCs and altered morphology during subculture.
Potential role of formaldehyde in the mechanism of action of ascorbigens on the basis of BioArena studies
Authors: Kátay György , Ott Péter G. , Kátay Edit , Magyar Donát , Tyihák Ernő
Published: November 2008

The effect of ascorbigen and 1′‐methylascorbigen as a model compound pair was studied on the phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola in the BioArena experimental system after overpressured layer chromatography. Results showed a characteristic, strong antibacterial effect of 1′‐methylascorbigen and weak effect of ascorbigen present on the adsorbent layer as chromatographic spot. Addition of formaldehyde capture compounds (l‐arginine, glutathione, dimedone) partially or totally reduced the antibacterial effect of 1′‐methylascorbigen and ascorbigen. On adding Cu(II) ions—which mobilize and coordinate formaldehyde—to the culture medium, the antibacterial effect of both compounds became stronger. It is supposed that the weak antibacterial effect of ascorbigen may have originated from the 1′‐methylascorbigen formed in situ on the adsorbent layer by partial enzymatic methylation of ascorbigen. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of impulsive and premeditated perpetrators of intimate partner violence
Authors: Stanford Matthew S. , Houston Rebecca J. , Baldridge Robyn M.
Published: November 2008

Violence occurs in four to five million intimate relationships each year in the United States. Past research has investigated the concept of batterer subtypes based on the nature of the violent behavior. To extend this research, the present study used the Impulsive/Premeditated Aggression Scale (IPAS) along with a battery of relevant self‐report measures in a sample of men (N = 113) convicted of domestic violence and court ordered into an intervention program. Batterers whose violence was classified as premeditated scored higher on psychopathic traits and a measure of treatment rejection. Batterers whose violence was classified as impulsive in nature reported a wider range of serious psychopathology. It is suggested that the use of a bimodal classification (Impulsive/Premeditated) in batterers may have significant clinical and legal policy implications. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Without Thinking: Impulsive Aggression and Criminal Responsibility
Authors: Shuman Daniel W. , Gold Liza H.
Published: November 2008

In the U.S. the decision to impose criminal responsibility rests on an assumption about the defendant's decision to engage in proscribed conduct. We punish only those who we believe had the capacity to make a choice. In an increasingly violent world, the criminal law and the assumptions upon which it rests are relentlessly tested. A new generation of neuro‐imaging technologies offers to provide insights into structural and functional abnormalities in the brain that may limit the autonomy of many dangerous offenders and unravel the fabric of the criminal justice system. How will the results of these technologies be received by the courts—are they relevant to existing formulations of the prima facie case, the insanity defense, or mitigation of sentence; will changes in the science or the law be required to accommodate this knowledge? The new generation of technologies may appropriately play a role in assessing culpable mental states only if they are also reliable. This short article takes on these and a host of other related questions at the intersection between science, law, and science fiction. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CXCR3‐deficiency protects influenza‐infected CCR5‐deficient mice from mortality
Authors: Fadel Shaza A. , Bromley Shannon K. , Medoff Benjamin D. , Luster Andrew D.
Published: November 2008

Mice lacking the chemokine receptor CCR5 are susceptible to mortality from a normally non‐lethal influenza infection. Here we found that CXCR3‐deficiency rescued CCR5‐deficient (CCR5−/−) mice from influenza‐induced mortality. The number of mononuclear phagocytes in the airways was transiently increased in CCR5−/− mice but not in CXCR3‐CCR5 double‐deficient mice. Antigen‐specific CXCR3‐CCR5 double‐deficient CD8 effector cells were less efficient at entering the airways compared with WT or CCR5−/− CD8 effector cells. The decrease in inflammatory cell infiltrates in CXCR3‐CCR5 double‐deficient‐infected mice correlated with a decrease in CCL2 and IFN‐γ production in the airways. Finally, CXCR3‐CCR5 double‐deficient mice that survived the primary viral challenge were protected from a lethal secondary challenge, indicating that T‐cell‐mediated protective memory was not compromised in mice lacking these chemokine receptors. In conclusion, CXCR3‐deficiency attenuated the lethal cellular immune response in CCR5−/− influenza‐infected mice without hindering viral clearance or long‐term immunity.
From phagocyte diversity and activation to probiotics: Back to Metchnikoff
Authors: Mantovani Alberto
Published: November 2008

In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Siamon Gordon gives a detailed account of Metchnikoff's life and his achievements (Eur. J. Immunol. 2008. 38: 3257–3264). Looking back at the roots of innate immunity stimulates reflections on open issues in the field. Here, I give a personal view of some of these issues, including myeloid‐derived suppressor cells, macrophage polarization and adaptive responses of mononuclear phagocytes.
Forecasting exchange rate volatility: a multiple horizon comparison using historical, realized and implied volatility measures
Authors: Siu David T. L. , Okunev John
Published: November 2008

Recent studies suggest realized volatility provides forecasts that are as good as option‐implied volatilities, with improvement stemming from the use of high‐frequency data instead of a long‐memory specification. This paper examines whether volatility persistence can be captured by a longer dataset consisting of over 15 years of intra‐day data. Volatility forecasts are evaluated using four exchange rates (AUD/USD, EUR/USD, GBP/USD, USD/JPY) over horizons ranging from 1 day to 3 months, using an expanded set of short‐range and long‐range dependence models. The empirical results provide additional evidence that significant incremental information is found in historical forecasts, beyond the implied volatility information for all forecast horizons. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Historical roots of poverty: A symposium
Authors: Bowden Sue , Mosley Paul
Published: November 2008

The current anti‐poverty wave, beginning in the 1990s, has not been deeply influenced by the processes which caused underdevelopment in the past. This is a pity, because historical awareness can help define the processes and institutions which have caused poverty in the past, and provide ideas from the past which can inspire present‐day policy. The essays in this volume all use primary source materials to open up pathways towards the better understanding of present‐day poverty dynamics in the developing world. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial and temporal variability of cloudiness in Poland, 1971–2000
Authors: Filipiak Janusz , Miȩtus Mirosław
Published: November 2008

The study concerns research of the most important features of temporal and spatial structure of cloudiness variability in the area of Poland in the period 1971–2000 using the data from 41 synoptic stations. For all the stations the seasonal and annual values of total cloudiness were calculated, as well as the frequency of total cloudiness, cloud base heights and cloudiness in levels. The analysis by means of the empirical orthogonal functions made it possible to establish the dominant modes of the cloudiness variability in Poland. Mean annual and seasonal cloudiness can be described by means of no more than five dominating eigenvectors presenting the crucial role of circulation influence on the local cloudiness field. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Microencapsulation of protein‐loaded polysaccharide particles within poly(D,L‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) microspheres using S/O/W: characterization and release studies
Authors: Yuan Weien , Wu Fei , Jin Tuo
Published: November 2008

This report demonstrates a process to form polysaccharide glassy particles without water–oil or water–air interfaces as well as ionic polymers and its application in formulating sustained‐release dosage forms for structurally delicate proteins. When a co‐solution containing dextran and polyethylene glycol (PEG) was subjected to freeze‐drying, the dextran separated out of the solution to form dispersed phases surrounded by a PEG‐rich continuous phase and was solidified during subsequent lyophilization to fine glassy particles, 1–2 µm in diameter. Water‐soluble proteins can easily be loaded in these glassy particles due to preferential partition and become resistant to organic solvents simply by adding them into the dextran‐PEG co‐solution. After washing away the PEG continuous phase with organic solvents, the protein‐containing glassy particles can be suspended in a hydrophobic polymer solution and formulated into various pharmaceutical dosage forms and medical devices for sustained‐release protein delivery. In the present study, myoglobin, bovine serum albumin (BSA), andβ‐galactosidase (β‐gal) were formulated in PLGA mcirospheres and as model proteins using this glassy particulate approach, and subjected to a series of assays for release kinetics, structural integrity, and bioactivity. The experimental results indicated that this system offered well preserved protein integrity and bioactivity as well as significantly improved protein release kinetics. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.