bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of long‐distance transportation on serum metabolic profiles of steer calves
Authors: Takemoto Satoshi , Tomonaga Shozo , Funaba Masayuki , Matsui Tohru
Published: July 2017

Long‐distance transportation is sometimes inevitable in the beef industry because of the geographic separation of major breeding and fattening areas. Long‐distance transportation negatively impacts production and health of cattle, which may, at least partly, result from the disturbance of metabolism during and after transportation. However, alteration of metabolism remains elusive in transported cattle. We investigated the effects of transportation on the metabolomic profiles of Holstein steer calves. Non‐targeted analysis of serum concentrations of low molecular weight metabolites was performed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Transportation affected 38 metabolites in the serum. A pathway analysis suggested that 26, 10, and 10 pathways were affected immediately after transportation, and 3 and 7 days after transportation, respectively. Some pathways were disturbed only immediately after transportation, likely because of feed and water withdrawal during transit. Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, and citric acid cycle were affected for 3 days after transportation, whereas propionate metabolism, phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism were affected throughout the experiment. Four pathways were not affected immediately after transportation, but were altered thereafter. These results suggested that many metabolic pathways had marked perturbations during transportation. Metabolites such as citric acid, propionate, tyrosine and niacin can be candidate supplements for mitigating transportation‐induced adverse effects.
Huprine X Attenuates The Neurotoxicity Induced by Kainic Acid, Especially Brain Inflammation
Authors: Relat Júlia , Pérez Belén , Camps Pelayo , Muñoz‐Torrero Diego , Badia Albert , Victòria Clos M.
Published: July 2017

Huprine X (HX) is a synthetic anticholinesterasic compound that exerts a potent inhibitory action on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, an agonist effect on cholinergic receptors, neuroprotective activity in different neurotoxicity models in vivo and in vitro and cognition enhancing effects in non‐transgenic (C57BL/6) and transgenic (3xTg‐AD, APPswe) mice. In this study, we assessed the ability of HX (0.8 mg/kg, 21 days) to prevent the damage induced by kainic acid (KA; 28 mg/kg) regarding apoptosis, glia reactivity and neurogenesis in mouse brain. KA administration significantly modified the levels of pAkt1, Bcl2, pGSK3β, p25/p35, increased the glial cell markers and reduced the neurogenesis process. We also observed that pre‐treatment with HX significantly reduced the p25/p35 ratio and increased synaptophysin levels, which suggests a protective effect against apoptosis and an improvement of neuroplasticity. The increase in GFAP (88%) and Iba‐1 (72%) induced by KA was totally prevented by HX pre‐treatment, underlying a relevant anti‐inflammatory action of the anticholinesterasic drug. Our findings highlight the potential of HX, in particular, and of AChEIs, in general, to treat a number of diseases that course with both cognitive deficits and chronic inflammatory processes.
Gait and Balance Impairment after Acute Methanol Poisoning
Authors: Peterová Kamila , Brožová Hana , Klempíř Jiří , Lišková Irena , Bezdicek Ondřej , Ridzoň Petr , Vaněčková Manuela , Zakharov Sergej , Pelclová Daniela , Miovský Michal , Růžička Evžen
Published: July 2017

Neurological sequelae including gait impairment were reported in survivors after methanol intoxication; however, no systematic study has been published so far. We aimed to analyse gait and balance impairment in a group of Czech methanol poisoning survivors. We examined 43 patients (age 46 ± 13 years) 2–8 months after methanol poisoning and 43 healthy controls. Investigations contained a shortened version of Falls Efficacy Scale (FES), clinical tests of gait and balance including Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and gait analysis using GaitRite® system, neurological and neuropsychological examination, brain imaging, EMG and tests of alcohol consumption. Nineteen patients admitted balance and gait impairment according to FES. Mild to moderate parkinsonian signs showed seven patients. Patients were slower (8.8 versus 5.7 s, p < 0.001) and performed more steps (11.1 versus 7.9, p < 0.001) in TUG compared with the controls. Gait analysis revealed shorter step length (76.5 versus 88.7 cm, p < 0.001), increased double support phase (18.8 versus 15.5%, p < 0.001) and wider base of support (11.3 versus 9.6 cm, p = 0.006) in patients. Eleven patients had deficit of executive function and performed higher cadence compared to the patients with normal execution (122.7 versus 115.0 step/min., p = 0.025). Lower limb polyneuropathy was verified in nine patients, without relation with gait or balance parameters. Neuroimaging revealed lesions mainly in the basal ganglia. Methanol poisoning survivors presented slower wide‐based gait with shortened steps corresponding with frontal gait disorder. Higher stepping cadence associated with executive deficit supported the evidence of frontal lobe dysfunction related to impairment of basal ganglia and connections in frontal cortico‐basal ganglia loops.
The development of non‐essentialist concepts of ethnicity among children in a multicultural London community
Authors: Woods Ruth
Published: July 2017

Ethnic constancy, the belief that a person cannot change ethnicity, is an important component of ethnic essentialism, the conviction that members of ethnic groups share an immutable underlying essence. Most children in previous research viewed ethnicity as increasingly immutable with age. However, some evidence suggests that children growing up in communities, which define ethnicity primarily in terms of changeable features (e.g., lifestyle) rather than fixed features (e.g., ancestry), may not follow this trajectory. This study examined ethnic constancy development in a community which defined ethnicity primarily in terms of changeable features. It was hypothesized that older children would view ethnicity as more changeable than younger children, but that because of personal investment which increases with age, children would view their own ethnicity as more stable than a peer's ethnicity, entailing a significant interaction between age and self–other. Ninety‐two children in three age groups (mean ages 7, 9, and 11 years) from a multicultural school in London were interviewed individually. Their ethnicities were 45% Indian, 16% English, 7% Pakistani, 7% Somali, 2% unknown, and 25% other. Children's explanations were analysed thematically. All hypotheses were supported. Children's conceptions of others’ ethnicity as changeable were supported by definitions focusing on religion, and by the concept of freedom of choice. This suggests that in a community in which ethnicity is primarily defined in terms of attributes which are seen as mutable (in this case, religion), children may not essentialize ethnicity. Still, ethnic change may rarely occur in practice due to an emotional commitment to one's own ethnic group.

Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Most research finds that children develop concept of ethnicity as fixed and essential;

But limited evidence of non‐essentialist developmental pathways for ethnicity

For gender, children assert constancy more for themselves than others

What does this study add?

Evidence of developmental pathway to non‐essentializing, mutable concept of ethnicity

Evidence that definitions of ethnicity centred on religion may encourage ethnic non‐essentialism

Children are more willing to embrace ethnic mutability for others than for themselves
Personal and situational predictors of everyday snacking: An application of temporal self‐regulation theory
Authors: Elliston Katherine G. , Ferguson Stuart G. , Schüz Benjamin
Published: July 2017

Objectives

This study aims at testing predictions derived from temporal self‐regulation theory (TST) in relation to discretionary food choices (snacks). TST combines a motivational sphere of influence (cognitions and temporal valuations resulting in intentions) with a momentary sphere (encompassing social and physical environmental cues). This dual approach differs from current health behaviour theories, but can potentially improve our understanding of the interplay of personal and environmental factors in health behaviour self‐regulation.

Design

A mixed event‐based and time‐based (Ecological Momentary Assessment) study in 61 adults aged between 18 and 64, with a BMI range between 18.34 and 39.78 (M = 25.66, SD = 4.82) over two weeks.

Methods

Participants recorded their food and drink intake for two weeks in real time using electronic diaries. Participants also responded to non‐consumption assessments at random intervals throughout each day. Momentary cues (individual, situational, and environmental factors) were assessed both during food logs and non‐consumption assessments. Motivational factors, past behaviour, and trait self‐regulation were assessed during baseline.

Results

Multilevel logistic regression analyses showed that across all snack types, environmental cues and negative affect were associated with an increased likelihood of snacking. Perceiving a cost of healthy eating to occur before eating was associated with an increased likelihood of snacking, whereas intentions and self‐regulation were not.

Conclusions

Discretionary food intake is largely guided by momentary cues, and motivational‐level factors, such as intention and self‐regulation, are less important in the initiation of discretionary food intake.

Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Overweight and obesity are a result of prolonged periods of energy imbalance between energy intake and expenditure (Hill & Peters, ). One of the key behavioural determinants of energy imbalances results from food intake, specifically from discretionary food choices (snacking). Temporal self‐regulation theory (Hall & Fong, ) takes into account both deliberate and momentary influences on health behaviour, which is especially relevant to exploring the drivers of snacking.

What does this study add?

Offers new insight into the application of TST in explaining momentary eating behaviours.

Snacking initiation is guided by momentary cues, not person‐level factors.

Dietary interventions should acknowledge the momentary cues that are associated with snacking.
Long‐term outcomes after acute primary angle closure of Caucasian chronic angle closure glaucoma patients
Authors: Fea Antonio Maria , Dallorto Laura , Lavia Carlo , Pignata Giulia , Rolle Teresa , Aung Tin
Published: July 2017

Importance

There is a lack of information about long‐term results of chronic angle closure glaucoma following an acute primary angle closure attack in Caucasian patients.

Purpose

The aim of the study was to report morphological and functional long‐term data of chronic angle closure eyes following a monolateral primary angle closure attack and to provide a comparison with their fellow eyes.

Design

Observational retrospective case series.

Participants

Fifty‐seven consecutive patients (114 eyes) underwent long‐term follow‐up analysis.

Methods

Patients underwent ophthalmic assessment more than 5 years since the angle closure attack.

Main Outcome Measures

Intraocular pressure, best‐corrected visual acuity, angle assessment, vertical C/D ratio and standard automated perimetry were the main outcome measures. Comparisons were made between angle closure attack eyes and fellow eyes and between phakic and pseudophakic eyes.

Results

Mean follow‐up time was 5.86 ± 1.19 years. A significant greater damage in the angle closure eyes compared with fellow eyes in both structural (mean C/D 0.61 ± 0.16; P < 0.001) and functional (mean deviation: −7.98 ± 6.46 vs. −4.83 ± 4.95 dB; P < 0.001) terms was present. Mean IOP was 13.44 ± 2.78 and 13.89 ± 2.60 mmHg in angle closure and fellow eyes (P = 0.11). Thirty of 57 (53%) fellow eyes developed chronic angle closure (mean deviation: −7.74 ± 5.21 dB) even if prophylactic iridotomy was promptly performed.

Conclusion and Relevance

Our study prompts ophthalmologists to closely follow patients after an APAC attack to prevent potential glaucoma damage in both APAC and fellow eye.
CLUST: Simulating Realistic Crowd Behaviour by Mining Pattern from Crowd Videos
Authors: Zhao M. , Cai W. , Turner S. J.
Published: July 2017

In this paper, we present a data‐driven approach to simulate realistic locomotion of virtual pedestrians. We focus on simulating low‐level pedestrians' motion, where a pedestrian's motion is mainly affected by other pedestrians and static obstacles nearby, and the preferred velocities of agents (direction and speed) are obtained from higher level path planning models. Before the simulation, collision avoidance processes (i.e. examples) are extracted from videos to describe how pedestrians avoid collisions, which are then clustered using hierarchical clustering algorithm with a novel distance function to find similar patterns of pedestrians' collision avoidance behaviours. During the simulation, at each time step, the perceived state of each agent is classified into one cluster using a neural network trained before the simulation. A sequence of velocity vectors, representing the agent's future motion, is selected among the examples corresponding to the chosen cluster. The proposed CLUST model is trained and applied to different real‐world datasets to evaluate its generality and effectiveness both qualitatively and quantitatively. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model can generate realistic crowd behaviours with comparable computational cost.
Isolated drainage of right superior vena cava into left atrium: A rare etiology of childhood central cyanosis
Authors: Rakha Shaimaa , Abuelkheir Mohamed‐Magdy , Elgamal Mohamed‐Adel F.
Published: July 2017

Isolated right superior vena cava drainage into the left atrium (RSVC‐LA) is an extremely rare anomaly in the absence of other cardiac or extracardiac abnormalities. The clinical and echocardiographic diagnosis is considered challenging. We report a female infant with cyanosis on crying who was diagnosed as isolated RSVC‐LA using conventional and contrast echocardiography, but further confirmation was possible via multidetector CT. The surgical correction was performed with smooth postoperative recovery. In conclusion, isolated RSVC‐LA must be in the differential diagnosis of cyanosis in the absence of intracardiac anomalies. Surgical correction is necessary management to guard against brain abscesses or paradoxical embolization.
Valsalva maneuver exacerbates left atrial compression in patients with large hiatal hernia
Authors: Naoum Christopher , Kritharides Leonard , Gnanenthiran Sonali R. , Martin David , Falk Gregory L. , Yiannikas John
Published: July 2017

Introduction

Hiatal hernia (HH) can cause left atrial (LA) compression and impair LA filling. We evaluated the cardiac effects of preload reduction and abdominal strain induced by Valsalva maneuver (VM) in large HH patients.

Methods

LA and left ventricular (LV) dimensions were measured using 2D transthoracic echocardiography at rest and during VM in HH patients (n=55, 70±10 years) and controls (n=22, 67±6 years). Biplane LV volumes (n=39) and mitral inflow pulse‐wave Doppler parameters (n=27) were also evaluated. In HH patients, resting LA compression was graded qualitatively (none‐mild or moderate‐severe).

Results

In both controls and HH patients, VM significantly decreased LA (controls, 19±2 vs 16±3 mm/m2; HH, 16±5 vs 9±5 mm/m2) and LV diameters (22±3 vs 19±3 mm/m2; 21±3 vs 17±3 mm/m2) and LV volume (38±8 vs 26±10 mL/m2; 31±8 vs 19±9 mL/m2) (P<.001 for all). VM decreased LA diameter significantly more in HH patients than controls (−42% vs −16%, P<.001). HH patients with none‐mild resting LA compression exhibited significantly greater LA diameter reduction than controls (−38±23% vs −16±13% P=.0003) despite similar resting LA diameters. LV volumes were similarly decreased by VM in HH patients and controls irrespective of resting LA compression severity indicating relative preservation of LV filling. LA diameter correlated inversely with early diastolic filling velocity during VM in HH patients (R=−.43, P=.03) but not controls (R=.18, P=.43).

Conclusion

VM can markedly exacerbate LA compression in HH patients; however, LV filling is relatively less affected possibly due to augmented early diastolic filling. Conditions associated with decreased preload and increased intra‐abdominal pressure may exacerbate the cardiac effects of large HH.
Frege on Syntax, Ontology, and Truth's Pride of Place
Authors: Johnston Colin
Published: July 2017

Frege's strict alignment between his syntactic and ontological categories is not, as is commonly assumed, some kind of a philosophical thesis. There is no thesis that proper names refer only to objects, say, or that what refers to an object is a proper name. Rather, the alignment of categories is internal to Frege's conception of what syntax and ontology are. To understand this, we need to recognise the pride of place Frege assigns within his theorising to the notion of truth. For both language and the world, the Fregean categories are logical categories, categories, that is, of truth. The elaboration of this point makes clear the incoherence of supposing that they might not align.
Decreased levels of active uPA and KLK8 assessed by [111In]MICA‐401 binding correlate with the seizure burden in an animal model of temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Missault Stephan , Peeters Lore , Amhaoul Halima , Thomae David , Van Eetveldt Annemie , Favier Barbara , Thakur Anagha , Van Soom Jeroen , Pitkänen Asla , Augustyns Koen , Joossens Jurgen , Staelens Steven , Dedeurwaerdere Stefanie
Published: July 2017

Objective

Urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (uPA) and kallikrein‐related peptidase 8 (KLK8) are serine proteases that contribute to extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling after brain injury. They can be labelled with the novel radiotracer [111In]MICA‐401. As the first step in exploring the applicability of [111In]MICA‐401 in tracing the mechanisms of postinjury ECM reorganization in vivo, we performed in vitro and ex vivo studies, assessing [111In]MICA‐401 distribution in the brain in two animal models: kainic acid–induced status epilepticus (KASE) and controlled cortical impact (CCI)–induced traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods

In the KASE model, in vitro autoradiography with [111In]MICA‐401 was performed at 7 days and 12 weeks post‐SE. To assess seizure burden, rats were monitored using video‐electroencephalography (EEG) for 1 month before the 12‐week time point. In the CCI model, in vitro autoradiography was performed at 4 days and ex vivo autoradiography at 7 days post‐TBI.

Results

At 7 days post‐SE, in vitro autoradiography revealed significantly decreased [111In]MICA‐401 binding in hippocampal CA3 subfield and extrahippocampal temporal lobe (ETL). In the chronic phase, when animals had developed spontaneous seizures, specific binding was decreased in CA3 and CA1/CA2 subfields of hippocampus, dentate gyrus, ETL, and parietal cortex. Of interest, KASE rats with the highest frequency of seizures had the lowest hippocampal [111In]MICA‐401 binding (r = −0.76, p ≤ 0.05). Similarly, at 4 days post‐TBI, in vitro [111In]MICA‐401 binding was significantly decreased in medial and lateral perilesional cortex and ipsilateral dentate gyrus. Ex vivo autoradiography at 7 days post‐TBI, however, revealed increased tracer uptake in perilesional cortex and hippocampus, which was likely related to tracer leakage due to blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption.

Significance

Strong association of reduced [111In]MICA‐401 binding with seizure burden in the KASE model suggests that analysis of reduced levels of active uPA/KLK8 represents a novel biomarker candidate to be explored as a biomarker for epilepsy severity. However, limited BBB permeability of [111In]MICA‐401 currently limits its application in vivo.
Associations Between Economic Pressure and Diabetes Efficacy in Couples with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Novak Joshua R. , Anderson Jared R. , Johnson Matthew D. , Walker Ann , Wilcox Allison , Lewis Virginia L. , Robbins David C.
Published: July 2017

Objective

The purpose of this study was to explore dyadic associations between economic pressure and diabetes self‐efficacy via emotional distress in patients with type 2 diabetes and their partners.

Background

Understanding how economic pressure is associated with successful diabetes management is an important area for research, as couples with type 2 diabetes can incur heavy economic pressures that could likely influence diabetes outcomes.

Method

Data from 117 married couples were used to test actor–partner associations using moderated mediation analyses in a structural equation modeling framework. Problem‐solving communication was tested as a possible moderator of the economic pressure–emotional distress pathway.

Results

Results revealed that greater patient economic pressure was associated with lower patient and spouse confidence in the patient's diabetes management ability through higher levels of patient emotional distress. The deleterious association between economic pressure and emotional distress was less pronounced when spouses reported more effective problem‐solving communication.

Conclusion

These results provide evidence that the economic pressure couples with type 2 diabetes face may reduce the patient and spouse's confidence in the patient's diabetes management ability.

Implications

This study demonstrates the importance of couple's relationship processes in buffering the impact of economic pressure on diabetes management, providing a clear target for intervention and education efforts.
A method for assessing critical plane‐based multiaxial fatigue damage models
Authors: Iftikhar S.H. , Albinmousa J.
Published: July 2017

Fatigue failure is a complex phenomenon. Therefore, development of a fatigue damage model that considers all associated complexities resulting from the application of different cyclic loading types, geometries, materials, and environmental conditions is a challenging task. Nevertheless, fatigue damage models such as critical plane‐based models are popular because of their capability to estimate life mostly within ±2 and ±3 factors of life for smooth specimens. In this study, a method is proposed for assessing the fatigue life estimation capability of different critical plane‐based models. In this method, a subroutine was developed and used to search for best estimated life regardless of critical plane assumption. Therefore, different fatigue damage models were evaluated at all possible planes to search for the best life. Smith‐Watson‐Topper (normal strain‐based), Fatemi‐Socie (shear strain‐based), and Jahed‐Varvani (total strain energy density‐based) models are compared by using the proposed assessment method. The assessment is done on smooth specimen level by using the experimental multiaxial fatigue data of 3 alloys, namely, AZ31B and AZ61A extruded magnesium alloys and S460N structural steel alloy. Using the proposed assessment method, it was found that the examined models may not be able to reproduce the experimental lives even if they were evaluated at all physical planes.
Residential age care and domiciliary oral health services: Reach‐OHT—The development of a metropolitan oral health programme in Sydney, Australia
Authors: Wright F.A. Clive , Law Garry , Chu Steven K.‐Y. , Cullen John S. , Le Couteur David G.
Published: July 2017

Objective

To describe an oral health care programme for older people in Residential Aged Care Facilities (RACFs) to improve access to care and support facilities.

Introduction

Different models of residential care have been proposed, but few have been comprehensive (providing on‐site health promotion and service delivery) or sustainable.

Methods

A partnership model of oral health care, with dental services plus oral health education, was integrated into the community outreach services of a metropolitan hospital department of aged care. The programme provided annual oral health education and training to staff, and on‐site dental care to 10 (RACFs).

Results

None of the RACFs had received organised education or on‐site dental service care prior to the programme. At the completion of the third year of the programme, 607 residents (75% of the total bed capacity for the 10 RACFs) had received an annual oral health assessment, and 271 (46.5%) had received on‐site dental care. More than 120 nursing and allied health staff had received education and training in oral health support to residents. Oral cleanliness, the proportion not experiencing dental pain and referral for additional care decreased significantly over the period, but dental caries experience and periodontal conditions remained a concern.

Conclusions

Sustainable domiciliary oral health services and oral health education are feasible and practical using a partnership model within the Australian health system. Adaptability, continuity and the use of oral health therapists/dental hygienists in the coordination and management of the programme further contribute to viability.
Understanding leisure‐time physical activity: Voices of people with MS who have moderate‐to‐severe disability and their family caregivers
Authors: Fakolade Afolasade , Lamarre Julie , Latimer‐Cheung Amy , Parsons Trisha , Morrow Sarah A. , Finlayson Marcia
Published: July 2017

Background

Physical activity (PA) is beneficial for all people, yet people affected by multiple sclerosis (MS) find regular PA challenging. These people may include individuals with the disease who have moderate‐to‐severe disability and their family caregivers. For researchers and clinicians to effectively promote PA among caregiver/care‐recipient dyads with moderate‐to‐severe MS, a comprehensive understanding of the shared PA experiences of these dyads would be beneficial.

Objective

We explored shared experiences of caregiver/care‐recipient dyads affected by moderate‐to‐severe MS about PA and directions for intervention.

Methods

Six focus groups with 23 people with moderate‐to‐severe MS and 12 family caregivers were conducted. Data were analysed using a constant comparative approach.

Results

Three major themes emerged as follows: (i) PA is a continuum, (ii) cycle of disengagement and (iii) cycle of adjustment. The first theme captured the dyads understanding that PA falls along a continuum ranging from highly structured to unstructured activities. Cycle of disengagement captured the experiences of dyads engaging in little or no PA. These dyads perceived internal and external issues as drivers of the cycle of disengagement, while availability of supportive programmes and services or people helped the dyads to break out of the cycle. When the cycle of disengagement was broken, the dyads described moving towards the cycle of adjustment, where they were able to learn skills and take action to incorporate PA into daily routines.

Conclusion

This research highlights the need to adopt an integrative approach that acknowledges the caregiver/care‐recipient dyad with moderate‐to‐severe MS as a focus for PA intervention.
Mineral chemistry and petrogenesis of chromitites from theKhoy ophiolite complex,NorthwesternIran:Implications for aggregation of two ophiolites
Authors: Zaeimnia Fatemeh , Kananian Ali , Arai Shoji , Mirmohammadi Mirsaleh , Imamalipour Ali , Khedr Mohamed Zaki , Miura Makoto , Abbou‐Kebir Khadidja
Published: July 2017

TheKhoy ophiolitic complex inNorthwestern Iran is a part of theTethyan ophiolite belt, and is divided into two sections: theEastern ophiolite inQeshlaq andKalavanes (Jurassic–Cretaceous) and theWestern ophiolite inBarajouk,Chuchak andHessar (LateCretaceous). Our chromitites can be clearly classified into two groups: high‐Al chromitites (Cr# = 0.38–0.44) from theEastern ophiolite, and high‐Cr chromitites (Cr# = 0.54–0.72) from theWestern ophiolite. The chromian spinels in high‐Al chromitite include primary mineral inclusions mainly asNa‐bearing diopside and pargasite with subordinate rutile and their formation was probably related to reaction between aMORB(mid‐ocean‐ridge basalt)‐like melt with depleted harzburgite, possibly in a back‐arc setting. Their host harzburgites contain clinopyroxene with higher contents ofAl2O3,Na2O,Cr2O3, andTiO2relative toWestern harzburgites and are possibly residue after moderate partial melting (~15 %) whereas the Western harzburgite is residue after high partial melting (~25 %). The chromian spinel in theWesternKhoy chromitites contains inclusions such as clinopyroxene, olivine and platinum group mineral‐bearing sulfides. TheseWestern chromitites were possibly formed at two stages during arc growth and are divided into the moderately high‐Cr# chromitites (Barajouk andHessar) and the high‐Cr# chromitites (ChuchakAandC). The former crystallized from island‐arc‐tholeiite (IAT) melts during reaction with the host depleted harzburgites, whereas the latter crystallized from boninitic melts (second stage melt) during reaction with highly depleted harzburgite in a supra‐subduction‐zone environment. Based on the mineral chemistry of chromian spinels, pyroxenes, and mineral inclusions, the chromitites and the host peridotites from theEastern andWesternKhoy ophiolites were formed in a back‐arc basin and arc‐related setting, respectively. TheKhoy ophiolitic complex is a tectonic aggregate of the two different ophiolites formed in two different tectonic settings at different ages.
Diagnostic and prognostic value of low percentage of glycosylated ferritin in acquired hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: A single‐center study
Authors: Nabergoj M. , Marinova M. , Binotto G. , Brugnaro L. , Zaninotto M. , Plebani M. , Semenzato G. , Vianello F.
Published: July 2017

Introduction

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an aggressive and life‐threatening syndrome characterized by an excessive immune activation. Glycosylated ferritin (GF) level has been proposed as highly specific of HLH.

Methods

We have studied 12 subjects with HLH according to the HLH‐04 trial criteria and 11 patients with a clinical and laboratoristic suspicion of HLH. The percentage of GF was measured by an in‐house assay.

Results

The only biomarkers that were significantly different in the two groups were fraction of GF (P<.001) and the presence of hemophagocytosis in bone marrow (P=.006). Subjects with HLH had significantly lower percentage of GF than patients with other inflammatory conditions mimicking HLH. A fraction of GF ≤20% was strongly consistent with a diagnosis of HLH.

Conclusions

Fraction of GF is useful to identify subjects at high risk for early death and therefore in need of early treatment.
Classical, Critical and Constructive: Paul Hinlicky's Beloved Community
Authors: Peters Ted
Published: July 2017

This engagement with Paul Hinlicky's systematic theology, Beloved Community, provides both analysis of his text and constructive enhancement of the wider discussion of the Trinity. The term ‘Beloved Community’ is what Hinlicky calls the Trinity, an open Trinity that invites believers into the divine life. This book, like a springboard, encourages diving into the new trinitarianism inaugurated by the two Karls, Karl Barth and Karl Rahner. I place Hinlicky into this stream of thought and then raise the critical question: is this new trinitarianism conflictual or compatible with the classical theism we find in both Christianity and Islam?
“Back There We Had Nothing to Eat”: The Case of Transnational Food Insecurity
Authors: Carney Megan A.
Published: July 2017

This article discusses migrant food insecurity in the United States from the perspective of Mexican and Central American migrant women. Many describe migrating because they had nothing to eat in their countries of origin. Migration is thus framed as a necessary strategy for overcoming food insecurity. I argue that these women's perspectives are unique in the migration literature because food security comprises a gendered labour from which men are frequently spared. Unfortunately, food insecurity still prevails in these women's households in the US. Assuming a “double‐duty” workday of earning wages and overseeing care within households, these women experience the added burden of ensuring food security of households “back there.” Thus, I argue that the food practices of Mexican and Central American migrant women provide a unique lens through which to understand the increased feminization of transnational migration from Latin America to other regions of the world.
Optimal portfolio trading subject to stochastic dominance constraints under second‐order autoregressive price dynamics
Authors: Singh Arti , Dharmaraja Selvamuthu
Published: July 2017

This paper studies the optimal portfolio trading problem under the generalized second‐order autoregressive execution price model. The problem of minimizing expected execution cost under the proposed price model is formulated as a quadratic programming (QP) problem. For a risk‐averse trader, problem formulation under the second‐order stochastic dominance constraints results in a quadratically constrained QP problem. Under some conditions on the execution price model, it is proved that the portfolio trading problems for risk‐neutral and risk‐averse traders become convex programming problems, which have many theoretical and computational advantages over the general class of optimization problems. Extensive numerical illustrations are provided, which render the practical significance of the proposed execution price model and the portfolio trading problems.
A novel fabrication method for glass foams with small pore size and controllable pore structure
Authors: Huo Wenlong , Yan Shu , Wu Jia‐Min , Liu Jingjing , Chen Yugu , Qu Yanan , Tang Xinyue , Yang Jinlong
Published: July 2017

In this paper, a novel fabrication method for glass foams has been introduced based on colloidal suspension foaming method using waste glass as starting materials. It is demonstrated for the first time that foam stabilization via in‐situ hydrophobization of waste glass particles is possible. The fabrication conditions for stable glass particle‐stabilized foams are optimized by investigating the influences of pH value, concentration of propyl gallate and ball milling time, respectively. It is demonstrated that this is a versatile method for fabrication of stable foamed glass suspension and final glass foams with small pore size of dozens of microns, which is much smaller than that of most glass foams in previous literatures. This novel method enables both closed pore structure and open pore structure simply by tailoring solid loading of glass suspension. A “sieve‐like” hierarchical pore structure can be achieved by adjusting sintering temperature. The glass foams with controllable structure could be applied in thermal insulation fields for closed pores, and in catalyst loading, filtration, and separation fields for open pores and hierarchical pore structure.
Multi‐functional crest display in hoopoes Upupa epops
Authors: Ruiz‐Rodríguez Magdalena , Martín‐Vivaldi Manuel , Avilés Jesús M.
Published: July 2017

Animals can engage in visual displays, which may target conspecifics, heterospecifics or both. Here we studied the function of the flamboyant crest‐raising display of hoopoes Upupa epops in experiments performed with males in captivity. Males were exposed to sounds of a conspecific (male hoopoe song), a potential predator (human voice), and two controls (the song of a blackbird Turdus merula, and background noise). These stimuli were presented to males in the presence and absence of females. Males raised the crest with a significantly higher probability when confronted with stimuli indicating potential threats (rival mate or predator) than with controls. The crest display was frequent when confronted with both kinds of threats independently of the presence of a female, suggesting that it was directed to the predator and the rival male. The probability of raising the crest was not related to body condition, and there was a marginally but not significant negative relationship between probability of raising the crest and the number of black spots on the crest feathers, which may suggest that crest display could be informing about male quality. Therefore, male hoopoes display the crest in a heterospecific context in response to detection of potential threats, which could be a deceptive or pursuit‐deterrent signal. The results also support a role of the crest in sexual selection, suggesting that crest display in male hoopoes may serve multiple functions.
Better nutritional condition changes the distribution of juvenile dispersal distances: an experiment with Spanish imperial eagles
Authors: Ferrer Miguel , Morandini Virginia
Published: July 2017

We investigated the distribution of juvenile dispersal distances of a territorial long‐lived species with deferred maturity, the Spanish imperial eagle Aquila adalberti. Here we used a reintroduction program as an experimental approach to test predictions of different hypotheses about the distribution of juvenile dispersal distances: competition and wandering behavior. We determined maximal juvenile dispersal distances of 59 young eagles; 1) 30 wild non‐manipulated individuals, and 2) 29 tranlocated young under an ad libitum feeding program, released with adults breeding in the area. The competitive displacement hypothesis predicts a leptokurtic distribution of distances in wild non‐manipulated young as well as in released young. Under the ‘wandering’ hypothesis, however, a leptokurtic distribution is expected in wild young but a normal distribution would be expected in young released (with adults in the release area), owing to a general improvement in the nutritional status of released young that have been fed ad libitum, as is usual in reintroduction programs. Additionally, a negative relationship between hatching date and dispersal distances is expected in wild young but no relationship in released young under ad libitum feeding. Mean maximum dispersal distances for all the juvenile eagles was 142.8 km. No differences between sexes were found, nor between populations or between wild and reintroduced young. Wild young distances were not normally distributed, being closer to a Poisson distribution. In contrast, released young with adults (under ad libitum feeding) showed a normal distribution. Wild birds showed a significant negative relationship between dispersal distance and hatching date, with young that hatched late in the season dispersing shorter distances. However, released young under ad libitum feeding showed no significant relationship between hatching date and dispersal distance. These results support the ‘wandering’ hypothesis as the main driver of the distribution of dispersal distances.
Complex feeding behaviour by magpies in nests with great spotted cuckoo nestlings
Authors: Soler Manuel , Macías‐Sánchez Elena , Martín‐Gálvez David , de Neve Liesbeth
Published: July 2017

Parent decisions about food allocation are usually based on simple time‐saving rules that optimize their own fitness; however, they can sometimes vary depending on the prevailing ecological conditions both outside and inside the nest. Parent–offspring interactions also become more complex when parents suffer from brood parasitism, which implies that they care for the parasite's eggs and unrelated young. The great spotted cuckoo Clamator glandarius is a specialist brood parasite that uses the magpie Pica pica as its primary host. Here, by filming food allocation by magpie parents in natural non‐parasitized and experimentally parasitized and non‐parasitized magpie nests, we have found that magpie provisioning behaviour is highly complex including two types of feedings apart from normal ones. First, false feedings, when the parent touched the chick's beak but did not leave any food, occurred more frequently when feeding a cuckoo than when feeding magpie nestlings. Second, two types of what we have called coax feedings: 2a) when magpie parents induce a nestling to beg by waking it up by touching it softly with the beak, and 2b) when parents disregard begging signals (always from brood parasitic great spotted cuckoos) while coaxing one non‐begging nestling (always one of their own) to feed it. We suggest that brood parasitism, involving selfish excessively begging nestlings, could have acted as a selective pressure for both false and coax feedings to evolve, as both imply ignoring nestlings that beg too much. We also discuss that these parental responses could have evolved either by a discrimination without recognition mechanism, or, more probably, by a recognition‐based discrimination mechanism.
Blood pressure–lowering efficacy of indapamide SR/amlodipine combination in older patients with hypertension: A post hoc analysis of the NESTOR trial (Natrilix SR vs Enalapril in Hypertensive Type 2 Diabetics With Microalbuminuria)
Authors: Hanon Olivier , Caillard Laure , Chaussade Edouard , Hernandorena Intza , Boully Clemence
Published: July 2017

To examine the antihypertensive efficacy and safety of indapamide sustained‐release (SR)/amlodipine compared with enalapril/amlodipine in patients 65 years and older with uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) on monotherapy, a post hoc analysis of the NESTOR trial (Natrilix SR vs Enalapril in Hypertensive Type 2 Diabetics With Microalbuminuria) was conducted. NESTOR randomized 570 patients (n=197, aged ≥65 years) with hypertension (systolic BP 140–180/diastolic BP <110 mm Hg) to indapamide SR 1.5 mg or enalapril 10 mg. If target BP (<140/85 mm Hg) was not achieved at 6 weeks, amlodipine 5 mg was added with uptitration to 10 mg if required. A total of 107 patients aged 65 years and older received dual therapy (53 indapamide SR/amlodipine and 54 enalapril/amlodipine). Amlodipine uptitration occurred in 22 and 24 patients, respectively. At 52 weeks, mean systolic BP (±SE) reduction was significantly greater with indapamide SR/amlodipine vs enalapril/amlodipine 6.2±2.7 mm Hg (P=.02). Indapamide SR/amlodipine was also associated with a greater BP response rate (88% vs 75%, respectively). Both regimens were well tolerated. Indapamide SR/amlodipine may be more effective than enalapril/amlodipine for lowering systolic BP in patients with hypertension aged 65 years and older.
Rho‐associated protein kinases as therapeutic targets for both vascular and parenchymal pathologies in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lai Aaron Y. , McLaurin JoAnne
Published: July 2017

The causes of late‐onset Alzheimer's disease are unclear and likely multifactorial. Rho‐associated protein kinases (ROCKs) are ubiquitously expressed signaling messengers that mediate a wide array of cellular processes. Interestingly, they play an important role in several vascular and brain pathologies implicated in Alzheimer's etiology, including hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, blood–brain barrier disruption, oxidative stress, deposition of vascular and parenchymal amyloid‐beta peptides, tau hyperphosphorylation, and cognitive decline. The current review summarizes the functions of ROCKs with respect to the various risk factors and pathologies on both sides of the blood–brain barrier and present support for targeting ROCK signaling as a multifactorial and multi‐effect approach for the prevention and amelioration of late‐onset Alzheimer's disease.

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This article is part of the Special Issue “Vascular Dementia”.
In vitro evaluation of chitosan‐coated liposome containing both coenzyme Q10 and alpha‐lipoic acid: Cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial activity
Authors: Zhao Guodong , Hu Caibiao , Xue Ying
Published: July 2017

Background

Chitosan‐coated liposome containing both coenzyme Q10 and alpha‐lipoic acid (CCAL) was a novel multifunctional nano delivery system exhibited long‐term stability at room temperature and high encapsulation efficiency. Which containing two kinds of antioxidants (coenzyme Q10 and alpha‐lipoic acid) and two antibacterial agents (chitosan and alpha‐lipoic acid). However, the further biocompatibility, such as cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial activity of CCAL, has not been systematically evaluated.

Objectives

This study aims to evaluate the cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity of CCAL.

Methods

This article evaluated the in vitro cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity of CCAL by CCK8 assay, and antimicrobial activity on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was investigated.

Results

For antioxidant activity study, CCAL displayed significant antioxidant effect when compared with control group (P<.01). Finally, CCAL also exhibited antimicrobial activity, and CCAL showed stronger bactericidal effect with Gram‐positive bacteria than Gram‐negative bacteria.

Conclusions

CCAL could be a potential antioxidant delivery system for cosmetics or pharmaceuticals without cytotoxicity and artificial preservatives free.
Safety of orbital atherectomy in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction
Authors: Shlofmitz Evan , Meraj Perwaiz , Jauhar Rajiv , Sethi Sanjum S. , Shlofmitz Richard A. , Lee Michael S.
Published: July 2017

Objectives

We evaluated the angiographic and clinical outcomes in patients with severely calcified lesions and systolic dysfunction who underwent orbital atherectomy (OA). We hypothesized that OA would provide similar outcomes in patients with systolic dysfunction compared with patients with preserved systolic function.

Background

Systolic dysfunction is associated with an increased risk of adverse clinical events after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The effects of OA in patients with systolic dysfunction are unknown.

Methods

Our analysis retrospectively analyzed 438 patients (n = 69 with EF ≤ 40%) who underwent OA. The primary endpoint was the rate of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) at 30 days.

Results

There were no significant differences between patients with preserved versus reduced systolic function in terms of dissections (0.9% vs. 1.6%, P = 0.51), perforation (0.3% vs. 3.2%, P = 0.07), or no reflow (0.3% vs. 3.2%, P = 0.07). Patients with systolic dysfunction had higher rates of the composite of 30‐day MACCE (1.1% vs. 8.7%, P = 0.002) and the individual end points of death (0.3% vs. 7.2%, P < 0.001), and myocardial infarction (0.5% vs. 4.3%, P = 0.03). The rates of target vessel revascularization (0% vs. 0%, P = 1), stroke (0.3% vs. 0%, P > 0.9), and stent thrombosis (0.8% vs. 1.4%, P = 0.5) were low in both groups and did not differ.

Conclusion

Plaque modification with OA was safe and well tolerated in patients with systolic dysfunction. In this high‐risk cohort, adverse clinical outcomes occurred more frequently than in a lower risk population.
Solubility and molecular interactions of ferulic acid in various (isopropanol + water) mixtures
Authors: Haq Nazrul , Siddiqui Nasir A , Shakeel Faiyaz
Published: July 2017

Objective

The solubility of an herbal compound ferulic acid (FA) in various (isopropanol (IPA) + water) mixtures was measured and correlated at temperatures ‘T = 298.2 K to 318.2 K’ and pressure ‘p = 0.1 MPa’.

Methods

The experimental solubilities of FA in mole fraction were determined using a static equilibrium method and correlated with ‘Apelblat, Van't Hoff, Yalkowsky and Jouyban–Acree models’.

Key findings

The maximum mole fraction solubilities of FA were obtained in neat IPA (2.58 × 10−2 at T = 318.2 K) followed by minimum in neat water (4.87 × 10−5 at T = 298.2 K). The activity coefficients of FA in various (IPA + water) mixtures were determined to evaluate the molecular interactions between FA and co solvent mixtures. Strong molecular interactions were seen between FA and neat IPA in comparison with FA and neat water. ‘Apparent thermodynamic analysis’ indicated an ‘endothermic and entropy-driven dissolution’ of FA in all (IPA + water) mixtures evaluated.

Conclusions

Isopropanol was investigated as a good cosolvent in the solubility enhancement of FA in water; therefore, it could be used as solubilizer in solubility enhancement and formulation development of FA.