bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probing the Electronic Structure of Dinuclear Carbon-Rich Complexes Containing an Octa-3,5-diene-1,7-diyndiyl Bridging Ligand
Authors: Hall Michael R. , Moggach Stephen A. , Low Paul J.
Published: January 2024

One electron oxidation of the monometallic alkenylacetylide complexes [Ru{C≡CC(R)=CH2}(dppe)Cp*] (1) and [Ru{C≡CC(R)=CH2}Cl(dppe)2] (2) (R = Ph (a); R = 4-MeS-C6H4 (b)) generates in each case a dinuclear bis(allenylidene) complex [{Ru}2{μ-C=C=C(R)–CH2–H2C–(R)C=C=C}][PF6]2 ({Ru} = Ru(dppe)Cp* ([3a,b][PF6]2); {Ru} = RuCl(dppe)2 ([4a,b][PF6]2), containing an unsaturated ethane bridge between both allenylidene moieties. Deprotonation of this ethane bridge results in the formation of the previously reported octa-3,5-diene-1,7-diyndiyl-bridged bimetallic species [{Ru}2{μ-C≡CC(R)=CH–HC=(R)CC≡C}] ({Ru} = Ru(dppe)Cp* (5a,b); {Ru} = RuCl(dppe)2 (6a,b). The isolation of these complexes illustrates a general synthetic route to these conjugated bimetallic species from monomeric alkenylacetylide precursors. Electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical investigations evince the ready formation of the representative redox series [5a]n+, and TD-DFT calculations performed on optimised structures featuring the simplified {Ru(dmpe)Cp} coordination sphere [{Ru(dmpe)Cp}2{μ-C≡CC(Ph)=HC–CH(Ph)CC≡C}]n+ ([5a†]n+) (n = 0, 1, 2) reveal significant delocalisation of the unpaired charge in the formally mixed-valent species (n = 1), consistent with Class III assignment within the Robin–Day classification scheme.
Direct Formation of ZIF-8 Crystal Thin Films on the Surface of a Zinc Ion-Doped Polymer Substrate
Authors: Tsuruoka Takaaki , Araki Kaito , Kawauchi Kouga , Takashima Yohei , Akamatsu Kensuke
Published: January 2024

Thin films of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) on polymer substrates and MOF/polymer mixed-matrix membranes play crucial roles in advancing the field of gas separation membranes. In this paper, we present a novel method for the direct formation of continuous ZIF-8 crystal films on a polymer substrate doped with Zn²+. Our approach involves ion exchange between the doped zinc ions within the substrate and sodium ions in the presence of a CH3COONa additive, as well as interfacial complexation with eluted zinc ions and 2-methylimidazole (2-MeIM). The key factors affecting the formation of ZIF-8 crystals on the substrate were the concentrations of CH3COONa and 2-MeIM. A time-course analysis revealed that the nucleation rate during the early stages of the reaction significantly affected the surface morphology of the resulting ZIF-8 crystal films. Specifically, a higher nucleation rate led to the formation of continuous small ZIF-8 crystal films. This innovative approach enables the fabrication of densely packed, uniform ZIF-8 crystal films.
Designing and Evaluating a Portable UV-LED Vane Trap to Expedite Arthropod Biodiversity Discovery
Authors: Lee Seunghyun , Orr Michael C. , Seung Jinbae , Yang Yunho , Tian Zhehao , Lee Minhyeuk , Tak Jun-Hyung , Lee Seunghwan , Bai Ming
Published: January 2024

A novel design of a portable funnel light trap (PFLT) was presented for collecting insects in ecological studies. The trap consists of a compact plastic box equipped with a light source and power source, along with two plastic polypropylene interception vanes. The PFLT costs 18.3 USD per unit and weighs approximately 300 g. A maximum of six PFLT units can be packed in one medium-sized backpack (32 cm × 45 cm × 15 cm, 20 L), making it easier to set up multiple units in remote areas wherein biodiversity research is needed. The low cost and weight of the trap also allows for large-scale deployment. The design is customizable and can be easily manufactured to fit various research needs. To validate the PFLT’s efficacy in collecting insects across different habitat types, a series of field experiments were conducted in South Korea and Laos, where 37 trials were carried out. The PFLT successfully collected 7497 insects without experiencing battery issues or damage by rain or wind. Insect compositions and abundances differed across the three sampled habitat types: forests, grasslands, and watersides. This new FLT trap is an important tool for studying and protecting insect biodiversity, particularly in areas wherein conventional light traps cannot be deployed.
Lifecycle of Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu and Diversity and Importance of the Native Parasitoid Community Recruited in the Northern Region of Portugal
Authors: Lobo Santos Ana , Santos Sonia Alexandra Paiva , Casquero Pedro António , Bento Albino
Published: January 2024

In this work, the objective was to learn the life cycle of D. kuriphilus and the diversity of native parasitoids in the northern region of Portugal between 2017 and 2019. The places studied belonged to the regions of Entre-Douro-e-Minho, Beira Interior, and Trás-os-Montes. To achieve the proposed objectives, buds were collected for egg and larva observation, galls were collected for larva, pupa, and adult observation and monitoring, and emergency boxes were used to identify the fauna present in the galls. In this study, 92% of D. kuriphilus adults emerged between June and July, with emergences occurring until September. We also obtained adults in winter, so it is important to study, in future works, the hypothesis of this pest performing diapause. Regarding the study of native parasitoids, compared to other countries, the same families emerged, with good rates of natural parasitism, although with fluctuations over the years. In the three municipalities under study, 11 species were identified (Eupelmus azureus Ratzeburg, Eupelmus urozonus Dalman, Eurytoma brunniventris Ratzeburg, Megastigmus dorsalis (Fabricius), Ormyrus pomaceus (Geoffroy), Sycophila iracemae Nieves Aldrey, Sycophila variegata (Curtis), Sycophila biguttata (Swederus), Torymus flavipes (Walker), Torymus auratus (Mueller), and Torymus notatus (Walker)). The average parasitism rates varied between 1.92% and 10.68%.
Genetic Differentiation of the Bloodsucking Midge Forcipomyia taiwana (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae): Implication of the Geographic Isolation by the Central Mountain Ranges in Taiwan
Authors: Ching Yung-Hao , Kuo Yuan-Chen , Su Ming-Ching , Wang Szu-Chieh , Lin Chuen-Fu , Tu Wu-Chun , Lin Ming-Der
Published: January 2024

Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) taiwana, a small bloodsucking midge, thrives in moderately moist habitats and is commonly found in grassy and bushy areas at an elevation below 250 m. This species exhibits a diurnal biting pattern and shows a marked preference for human blood. Although not known to transmit arthropod-borne diseases, the bites of F. taiwana can induce severe allergic reactions in some individuals. As a significant nuisance in Taiwan, affecting both daily life and the tourism industry, comprehensive studies on its population genetics across different geographical regions remain scarce. The central mountain ranges in Taiwan, comprising more than two hundred peaks above 3000 m in elevation, extend from the north to the south of the island, creating distinct eastern and western geographical divisions. This study utilizes microsatellite markers to explore the genetic differentiation of F. taiwana populations located in the eastern and western regions of the mountain ranges. Our findings reveal substantial genetic differentiation among populations inhabiting Taiwan’s western region compared to those in the eastern region. This indicates that the topographical barriers presented by the mountain ranges significantly restrict gene flow, particularly given the species’ limited active flight ability and habitat preferences. Although passive dispersal mechanisms, like wind or human activity, could contribute, this study concludes that the gene flow of F. taiwana between the western and eastern regions is primarily influenced by topographical constraints.
Applying the Modified Ten-Group Robson Classification in a Spanish Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Gutiérrez-Martínez Serena , Fernández-Martínez María Nélida , Adánez-García José Manuel , Fernández-Fernández Camino , Pérez-Prieto Beatriz , García-Gallego Ana , Gómez-Salgado Juan , Medina-Díaz María , Fernández-García Daniel
Published: January 2024

Background: Caesarean section is necessary to save the lives of mothers and newborns at times, but it is important to perform it only when it is essential due to all the risks involved. This study aimed to examine the rate of caesarean sections performed at a tertiary hospital using the Robson classification to detect methods for the detection of and/or reduction in these caesarean section rates. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study of a retrospective database was carried out. Results: A total of 10,317 births were assessed. The Robson classification was used to assess these interventions and verify whether the indication for performed caesarean sections was appropriate. In total, 2036 births by caesarean section were performed in the whole sample. The annual caesarean section rate varied between 18.67% and 21.18%. Conclusions: Caesarean sections increased by about 20% in 2021 compared to 2020 even though the trend over the years of study was decreasing. Vaginal delivery after caesarean section is a reasonable and safe option. Caesarean section rates could be improved, mostly in Robson’s Group 2. The Robson classification facilitated progress in the implementation of measures aimed at improving care and adjusting caesarean section rates.
Verification of the Accuracy of Cervical Spinal Cord Injury Prognosis Prediction Using Clinical Data-Based Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Kishikawa Jun , Kobayakawa Kazu , Saiwai Hirokazu , Yokota Kazuya , Kubota Kensuke , Hayashi Tetsuo , Morishita Yuichiro , Masuda Muneaki , Sakai Hiroaki , Kawano Osamu , Nakashima Yasuharu , Maeda Takeshi
Published: January 2024

Background: In patients with cervical spinal cord injury (SCI), we need to make accurate prognostic predictions in the acute phase for more effective rehabilitation. We hypothesized that a multivariate prognosis would be useful for patients with cervical SCI. Methods: We made two predictive models using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). We adopted MLR as a conventional predictive model. Both models were created using the same 20 clinical parameters of the acute phase data at the time of admission. The prediction results were classified by the ASIA Impairment Scale. The training data consisted of 60 cases, and prognosis prediction was performed for 20 future cases (test cohort). All patients were treated in the Spinal Injuries Center (SIC) in Fukuoka, Japan. Results: A total of 16 out of 20 cases were predictable. The correct answer rate of MLR was 31.3%, while the rate of ANNs was 75.0% (number of correct answers: 12). Conclusion: We were able to predict the prognosis of patients with cervical SCI from acute clinical data using ANNs. Performing effective rehabilitation based on this prediction will improve the patient’s quality of life after discharge. Although there is room for improvement, ANNs are useful as a prognostic tool for patients with cervical SCI.
The Influence of Weather Conditions on the Diurnal Variation in Range of Motion in Older Adults with Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Iconaru Elena Ioana , Tarcau Emilian , Ciucurel Constantin
Published: January 2024

(1) Background: This study investigated the relationship between weather conditions, diurnal patterns, and total knee range of motion (ROM), as well as the severity of symptoms (pain and stiffness) in older adults with knee osteoarthritis. (2) Methods: An exploratory longitudinal study was conducted on 28 older adults with knee osteoarthritis (mean age 71.86 ± 4.49 years; 46.4% men, 53.6% women). We used as assessment tools the Visual Analog Scales (VAS) for self-reported local knee pain and stiffness, and goniometry for ROM. Measurements were taken twice, six months apart, in winter and summer, in the morning and evening of each selected day. Recorded weather factors comprised temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, and maximum wind speed. (3) Results: The study revealed significant effects of season and time of day on pain and stiffness, respectively (p < 0.001). Additionally, a significant interaction between season and time influenced total knee ROM (p < 0.001). Moreover, there was a statistically significant relationship between time and total knee ROM (p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: This research underscores the complex link between seasonal fluctuations and daily variations in some symptomatic and functional aspects of knee osteoarthritis in older adults.
The Clinical Analysis of Checkpoint Inhibitor Pneumonitis with Different Severities in Lung Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Huang Hui , Chen Ruxuan , Xu Yan , Fang Nan , Shao Chi , Xu Kai , Wang Mengzhao
Published: January 2024

Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) of immunotherapy would lead to the temporary or permanent discontinuation of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Among them, checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) is a potentially life-threatening irAE. This study aimed to identify the differences between patients with low-grade CIPs (grades 1–2) and high-grade CIPs (grades 3–5) and to explore the prognostic factors. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 916 lung cancer patients who were treated with ICIs. Patients with CIPs were identified after multidisciplinary discussion, and their clinical, laboratory, radiological, and follow-up data were analyzed. Among the 74 enrolled CIP patients, there were 31 low-grade CIPs and 43 high-grade CIPs. Compared with low-grade CIP patients, patients with high-grade CIPs were older (65.8 years vs. 61.5 years) and had lower serum albumin (35.2 g/L vs. 37.9 g/L), higher D-dimer (5.1 mg/L vs. 1.7 mg/L), and more pulmonary infectious diseases (32.6% vs. 6.5%) during follow-up. In addition, complication with pulmonary infectious diseases, management with intravenous immunoglobulin, tocilizumab, and longer duration of large dosage corticosteroids might be associated with worse outcomes for patients with CIPs. This study highlights potential risk factors for high-grade CIP and poor prognosis among lung cancer patients who were treated with anti-cancer ICIs.
The Future in Motion: Insights and Update from the Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
Authors: Musumeci Giuseppe
Published: January 2024

In the evolving landscape of human movement, the Journal of Functional Movement and Kinesiology (JFMK) serves as a valuable chronicle, providing a lens through which to explore our present and the perspectives for the future of human movement analysis [...]
A Combined Microscopy Study of the Microstructural Evolution of Ferritic Stainless Steel upon Deep Drawing: The Role of Alloy Composition
Authors: Núñez Andrés , Collado Irene , De la Mata María , Almagro Juan F. , Sales David L.
Published: January 2024

Ferritic stainless steel (FSS) is widely used to manufacture deep-drawn products for corrosion resistance applications, being the alloy drawability strongly affected by its microstructural anisotropy. This study combines a variety of microscopy techniques enabling in-depth analyses of the microstructural evolution of two different FSSs correlated to their deep drawing performance. One of the steels has a good correspondence with the standard EN-1.4016 (AISI 430). The other is a modified version of the previous one with higher contents of the ferrite-stabilising elements Si and Cr, and lower contents of the austenite-stabilising elements C, N, and Mn. Electron Backscatter Diffraction results confirm that the microstructural properties and drawability of FSS in the deep drawing process are improved in the modified steel version. Scanning transmission electron microscopy under low-angle annular dark field conditions evidences that the deformation mechanism of FSS during deep drawing follows a microstructural distortion model based on the grain size gradient and shows a variation of the deformation texture depending on the alloy composition. This work demonstrates the potential of advanced microscopy techniques for optimising the processing and design of ferritic stainless steels, with slight variations in the alloy composition, for deep drawing applications.
Quality Prediction and Classification of Process Parameterization for Multi-Material Jetting by Means of Computer Vision and Machine Learning
Authors: Reckert Armin , Lang Valentin , Weingarten Steven , Johne Robert , Klein Jan-Hendrik , Ihlenfeldt Steffen
Published: January 2024

Multi-Material Jetting (MMJ) is an additive manufacturing process empowering the printing of ceramics and hard metals with the highest precision. Given great advantages, it also poses challenges in ensuring the repeatability of part quality due to an inherent broader choice of built strategies. The addition of advanced quality assurance methods can therefore benefit the repeatability of part quality for widespread adoption. In particular, quality defects caused by improperly configured droplet overlap parameterizations, despite droplets themselves being well parameterized, constitute a major challenge for stable process control. This publication deals with the automated classification of the adequacy of process parameterization on green parts based on in-line surface measurements and their processing with machine learning methods, in particular the training of convolutional neural networks. To generate the training data, a demo part structure with eight layers was printed with different overlap settings, scanned, and labeled by process engineers. In particular, models with two convolutional layers and a pooling size of (6, 6) appeared to yield the best accuracies. Models trained only with images of the first layer and without the infill edge obtained validation accuracies of 90%. Consequently, an arbitrary section of the first layer is sufficient to deliver a prediction about the quality of the subsequently printed layers.
The Responses of Storm Surges to Representative Typhoons under Wave–Current Interaction in the Yangtze River Estuary
Authors: Wang Jie , Kuang Cuiping , Cheng Subin , Fan Daidu , Chen Kuo , Chen Jilong
Published: January 2024

Storm surge is one of the most remarkable natural calamities, which is shown as the abnormal sea level changes in the coastal waters during a typhoon event. To investigate the responses of storm surges to the typhoon paths, intensities and coastal dynamics, a coupled wave–current model is used to study the impacts of strong winds, considerable waves and complex currents on storm surges in the Yangtze River Estuary (YRE) during three representative typhoons of Fongwong (2014), Ampil (2018) and Lekima (2019) with different intensities and paths. The model is verified using the measured data on significant wave height and period, water level and current velocity and performs well in modeling real conditions. The numerical results demonstrate that (1) the maximum storm surge occurred in the South Channel (SC) during Fongwong and Lekima while in the North Branch (NB) during Ampil due to the typhoon path and the estuarine terrain. Among the three typhoons, Lekima presented the highest surge, with a maximum value of 1.17 m at SC2 (the inner point of the SC). There was a negative surge during Ampil, which reached −0.42 m at SC2, due to the representative path (SE to NW) and offshore wind action. (2) Tide is the main influencing factor of storm surge as the maximum or minimum value always occurs at the low or high tidal level, respectively. Meanwhile, typhoon intensity is important as it influences the variation rate of surge with higher intensity leading to a sudden increase in surge while the tidal intensity primarily affects the peak value. (3) The wave setup can counteract the wind-induced negative surge. The peak differences between storm surge isoline and wave setup isoline are 0.15, 0.2 and 0.2 m during Fongwong, Ampil and Lekima, respectively, which illustrates the impacts of the combined actions of the typhoon path and intensity on the wave setup. This research emphasizes the influences of wave–current interaction on estuarine storm surge during typhoon events and reveals the potential risks for oceanic disasters like coastal inundation.
Ectopic Expression of Gastrodia Antifungal Protein in Rice Enhances Resistance to Rice Sheath Blight Disease
Authors: Zhu Junkai , Xue Xiang , Ju Ran , Zhao Jianhua , Liu Fen , Han Xian , Yan Yu , Wang Yu , Feng Zhiming , Lin Dongmei , Chen Zongxiang , Wang Yiqin , Chen Xijun , Chu Chengcai , Zuo Shimin , Zhang Yafang
Published: January 2024

Sheath blight (ShB) disease, caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, is one of the most serious rice diseases. Rice breeding against ShB has been severely hindered because no major resistance genes or germplasms are available in rice. Here, we report that introduction of Gastrodia antifungal protein (GAFP) genes from Gastrodia elata B1 into rice significantly enhances resistance to rice ShB. Four GAFP genes were cloned from G. elata B1, and all displayed a strong ability to inhibit R. solani growth in plate assays. Two versions, with or without a signal peptide, for each of the four GAFP genes were introduced into XD3 and R6547 rice cultivars, and all transgenic lines displayed stronger ShB resistance than the corresponding wild-type control in both greenhouse and field conditions. Importantly, GAFP2 showed the highest ShB resistance; GAFPs with and without its signal peptide showed no significant differences in enhancing ShB resistance. We also evaluated the agronomic traits of these transgenic rice and found that ectopic expression of GAFPs in rice at appropriate levels did not affect agronomic traits other than enhancing ShB resistance. Together, these results indicate that GAFP genes, especially GAFP2, have great potential in rice breeding against ShB disease.
Non-Pharmacological Approach to Diet and Exercise in Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: Bridging the Gap between Research and Clinical Practice
Authors: Ali Hassam , Shahzil Muhammad , Moond Vishali , Shahzad Maria , Thandavaram Abhay , Sehar Alina , Waseem Haniya , Siddiqui Taha , Dahiya Dushyant Singh , Patel Pratik , Tillmann Hans
Published: January 2024

This review provides a practical and comprehensive overview of non-pharmacological interventions for metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), focusing on dietary and exercise strategies. It highlights the effectiveness of coffee consumption, intermittent fasting, and Mediterranean and ketogenic diets in improving metabolic and liver health. The review emphasizes the importance of combining aerobic and resistance training as a critical approach to reducing liver fat and increasing insulin sensitivity. Additionally, it discusses the synergy between diet and exercise in enhancing liver parameters and the role of gut microbiota in MASLD. The paper underscores the need for a holistic, individualized approach, integrating diet, exercise, gut health, and patient motivation. It also highlights the long-term benefits and minimal risks of lifestyle interventions compared to the side effects of pharmacological and surgical options. The review calls for personalized treatment strategies, continuous patient education, and further research to optimize therapeutic outcomes in MASLD management.
Binding Folate Receptor Alpha Autoantibody Is a Biomarker for Leucovorin Treatment Response in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Frye Richard , McCarty Patrick , Werner Brianna , Scheck Adrienne , Collins Heidi , Adelman Steven , Rossignol Daniel , Quadros Edward
Published: January 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects up to 1 in 36 children in the United States. It is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder with life-long consequences. Patients with ASD and folate pathway abnormalities have demonstrated improved symptoms after treatment with leucovorin (folinic acid), a reduced form of folate. However, biomarkers for treatment response have not been well investigated and clinical trials are lacking. In this retrospective analysis, a cohort of prospectively collected data from 110 consecutive ASD clinic patients [mean (SD) age: 10.5 (6.2) years; 74% male] was examined. These patients all underwent testing for folate receptor alpha autoantibodies (FRAAs) and soluble folate binding proteins (sFBPs) biomarkers and were treated with leucovorin, if appropriate. Analyses examined whether these biomarkers could predict response to leucovorin treatment as well as the severity of ASD characteristics at baseline. The social responsiveness scale (SRS), a measure of core ASD symptoms, and the aberrant behavior checklist (ABC), a measure of disruptive behavior, were collected at each clinic visit. Those positive for sFBPs had more severe ASD symptoms, and higher binding FRAA titers were associated with greater ABC irritability. Treatment with leucovorin improved most SRS subscales with higher binding FRAA titers associated with greater response. Leucovorin treatment also improved ABC irritability. These results confirm and expand on previous studies, underscore the need for biomarkers to guide treatment of folate pathways in ASD, and suggest that leucovorin may be effective for children with ASD.
Firm Performance of Saudi Manufacturers: Does the Management of Cash Conversion Cycle Components Matter?
Authors: Kouaib Amel , Bu Haya Mohammed Ibrahim
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study is to examine the liquidity management of a corporation. It aims to examine how managing cash conversion cycle components affects corporate performance. A dataset of 88 firms listed on the Saudi Stock Exchange between 2018 and 2022 was analyzed using both pooled OLS and fixed effects regression models. A sample of 84 firms listed on the Saudi Stock Exchange for the period from 2018 to 2022 was used. Both the pooled OLS and the fixed effects regression models were used. This study’s key findings are: (1) there is a strong negative correlation between the time it takes to convert inventory into sales (inventory conversion period) and firm performance. If inventory does not sell quickly, profit tends to be lower. (2) Firm performance demonstrates a strong inverse relationship with the duration it takes for companies to collect cash from customers, commonly known as the accounts receivable collection period. A short accounts receivable collection period may become collectible and increase a business’s profitability and performance. (3) There is a highly significant negative link between the time taken to pay creditors (days payable outstanding) and firm performance. A short average payment period, indicated by a low payment period, suggests that the firm is promptly settling its bills and obligations without any delays.
Evaluating the Equity of Urban Streetscapes in Promoting Human Health—Taking Shanghai Inner City as an Example
Authors: Shao Yuhan , Yin Yuting , Ma Dongbo
Published: January 2024

Environmental justice research largely focuses on the allocation of public resources in terms of quantified distribution and accessibility. This study suggests that the quality of landscape equity, an important urban resource, should be evaluated as it typically appears as a combination of elements. This brings another perspective to the attention of landscape equity in addition to the provision equity: the equity in the quality and level of provision. From this perspective, this study explores the equitable role of streetscape qualities in promoting human physical, mental, and social health. Using street view images, questionnaires, artificial intelligence-based image analysis, geographic information system-based cluster analysis, and correlational analysis, the spatial distribution of health promotion streetscapes and health-influential streetscape elements were presented and compared within the scope of the Shanghai Outer Ring Road. The results disclosed an uneven distribution of streetscapes that can promote human health within research sites. Streets with poor health ratings are concentrated in the Huangpu, Hongkou, and Yangpu districts, primarily in the western part of Shanghai around Shanghai Railway Station, People’s Square, and Yuyuan Garden, where the old city centre is located. Compared with the distribution of health-influential elements, less healthy streets are more likely to be accompanied by low visibility of ‘vegetation’ and a high proportion of ‘buildings’. Streetscape design implications were then discussed in terms of providing people with equal health opportunities. Research outcomes inspired an essential quality perspective in health equity research, and it can be especially helpful when the provision and accessibility can hardly be moderated in high-density cities.
Screening of Phytoplankton Dynamics: Assessing Reservoir Ecosystem Health under Thermal Pollution from an Electrical Power Plant in the Pechora River Basin, European North
Authors: Patova Elena , Shabalina Julia , Sivkov Michael , Barinova Sophia
Published: January 2024

For the first time, we investigated species composition, phytoplankton community structure, and hydrochemical parameters in the artificial cooling reservoir of a major thermal power plant (TPP) in northeastern Europe located in the Pechora River basin (Komi Republic). Our research, conducted during June and August, revealed a total of 81 species of algae and cyanobacteria, with cyanobacteria predominating. Among these cyanobacteria and microalgae (Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta), algae that serve as reliable indicators of water quality were identified. The assessment of water quality based on abundance and species composition of indicator phytoplankton species revealed that the waters of the Pechorskoe Reservoir belong to the III class (β-mesosaprobic or moderately polluted). This indicates that water quality is satisfactory, and the reservoir retains the ability to self-purify. The power plant’s discharges heat the surface layers, increasing plankton communities’ diversity, abundance, and biomass. Such stable warming in the upper layers throughout the season, uncommon for natural water bodies in the north, results in a slight increase in the trophic status of the studied reservoir, supported by hydrochemical analysis. These results provide valuable information about ecosystem functioning under temperature increasing for predicting changes in the phototrophic biota of small northern reservoirs facing the impacts of climate change.
Depth-Dependent Strain Model (1D) for Anisotropic Fibrils in Articular Cartilage
Authors: Batool Syeda , Roth Bradley J. , Xia Yang
Published: January 2024

The mechanical response of articular cartilage (AC) under compression is anisotropic and depth-dependent. AC is osmotically active, and its intrinsic osmotic swelling pressure is balanced by its collagen fibril network. This mechanism requires the collagen fibers to be under a state of tensile pre-strain. A simple mathematical model is used to explain the depth-dependent strain calculations observed in articular cartilage under 1D axial compression (perpendicular to the articular surface). The collagen fibers are under pre-strain, influenced by proteoglycan concentration (fixed charged density, FCD) and collagen stiffness against swelling stress. The stiffness is introduced in our model as an anisotropic modulus that varies with fibril orientation through tissue depth. The collagen fibers are stiffer to stretching parallel to their length than perpendicular to it; when combined with depth-varying FCD, the model successfully predicts how tissue strains decrease with depth during compression. In summary, this model highlights that the mechanical properties of cartilage depend not only on proteoglycan concentration but also on the intrinsic properties of the pre-strained collagen network. These properties are essential for the proper functioning of articular cartilage.
Comparison of Additively Manufactured Polymer-Ceramic Parts Obtained via Different Technologies
Authors: Jasik Katarzyna , Kluczyński Janusz , Miedzińska Danuta , Popławski Arkadiusz , Łuszczek Jakub , Zygmuntowicz Justyna , Piotrkiewicz Paulina , Perkowski Krzysztof , Wachowski Marcin , Grzelak Krzysztof
Published: January 2024

This paper aims to compare two ceramic materials available for additive manufacturing (AM) processes—vat photopolymerization (VPP) and material extrusion (MEX)—that result in fully ceramic parts after proper heat treatment. The analysis points out the most significant differences between the structural and mechanical properties and the potential application of each AM technology. The research revealed different behaviors for the specimens obtained via the two mentioned technologies. In the case of MEX, the specimens exhibited similar microstructures before and after heat treatment. The sintering process did not affect the shape of the grains, only their size. For the VPP specimens, directly after the manufacturing process, irregular grain shapes were registered, but after the sintering process, the grains fused, forming a solid structure that made it impossible to outline individual grains and measure their size. The highest compression strength was 168 MPa for the MEX specimens and 81 MPa for the VPP specimens. While the VPP specimens had half the compression strength, the results for the VPP specimens were significantly more repeatable.
Vibration Research on Centrifugal Loop Dryer Machines Used in Plastic Recycling Processes
Authors: Karpenko Mykola , Ževžikov Pavel , Stosiak Michał , Skačkauskas Paulius , Borucka Anna , Delembovskyi Maksym
Published: January 2024

This study investigates the vibrations of centrifugal loop dryer machines used in plastic recycling processes. These machines are characterized by large uncertainties, high vibration, and unmodeled dynamics, making the design and maintenance of real-time state estimators for their operational conditions difficult. The present study includes an analysis of the centrifugal loop dryer machines’ vibration characteristics and their influence on operation results based on vibration analysis, frequency response analysis, and expert advice. Two identical loop dryers installed and operated in parallel in a single recycling line were investigated. Measurements were performed using a two-sample measurement design and based on a one-sample statistical method for estimating uncertainty in repeated measurements of data processing. Additionally, a problem connected with incorrect machine operation during high vibration, resulting in insufficient drying of loaded material, was investigated. This was defined as a situation in which some melted plastic is still too wet after mechanical drying, caused by the incorrect installation of damper elements of the holding elements. Finaly, it is recommended that a correction of the machine installation and a control measurement are carried out to determine whether the vibration in the base of the machine still exists. A simplified theoretical vibration analysis of the rotating machine was also carried out in the present paper.
Factors Affecting Women’s Assessment and Satisfaction with Their Childbirth
Authors: Konieczka Jagoda , Tomczyk Katarzyna , Wilczak Maciej , Chmaj-Wierzchowska Karolina
Published: January 2024

Background and Objective: Childbirth is one of the most significant experiences in a woman’s life. The manner in which childbirth unfolds and is experienced can be influenced by various factors, including the birthing environment and the woman’s attitude and preparation. Taking a holistic view of childbirth, it becomes apparent that addressing the basic physiological needs during childbirth can significantly influence the comfort and sense of security of laboring women. The aim of this research was to assess the level of satisfaction among women with their experience during childbirth and to identify its determinants. Materials and Methods: This study included 275 women who had given birth within the past 15 years and were up to 40 years of age. The research method employed was a diagnostic survey, involving a self-designed questionnaire. Results: discussing the birth plan with the midwife, the ability to ask questions during labor, consuming meals during labor, water immersion, listening to music during labor, assuming vertical positions during the second stage of labor, and skin-to-skin contact are associated with increased satisfaction with the childbirth experience. Conclusions: The study findings revealed that the highest levels of satisfaction were reported in connection with the interactions with medical staff during childbirth and the quality of facilities available during delivery. Conversely, the lowest levels of satisfaction were associated with the possibility of using pain relief methods during labor.
Antibacterial Activity Assessment of Chitosan/Alginate Lavender Essential Oil Membranes for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Cruz Sánchez Encarnación , García María Teresa , Gracia Ignacio , Fernández-Bermejo Soledad Illescas , Rodríguez Juan Francisco , García-Vargas Jesús Manuel , Vidal Roig Dolors
Published: January 2024

The demand for natural products in the treatment of dermatological pathologies has boosted the use of bioactive substances such as lavender essential oil (LEO), which stands out for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and its antimicrobial potential. Biopolymers such as chitosan (CHT) and alginate (ALG) are biodegradable and biocompatible and have proven their viability in biomedical applications such as skin regeneration. The inhibitory effect of LEO on the growth of skin-related bacterial species Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the fungus Candida albicans was studied by incorporating 1% v/v LEO encapsulated in CHT, ALG, and CHT/ALG membranes. Despite the verification of the antimicrobial effect of all type of membranes, no synergistic effect was observed following the addition of LEO. S. aureus and P. aeruginosa showed the most growth on the different substrates and C. albicans demonstrated the highest inhibition. This is a first approach using microorganisms isolated from clinical samples or skin microbiota. Further investigation would be advisable using more clinical strains for each microorganism to validate their biomedical applicability.
Driving Factors Influencing Soil Microbial Community Succession of Coal Mining Subsidence Areas during Natural Recovery in Inner Mongolia Grasslands
Authors: Lu Dongqiang , Mao Zhen , Tang Yan , Feng Bo , Xu Liang
Published: January 2024

Soil microorganisms significantly influence the energy flow and material cycle of soil ecosystems, making them highly susceptible to environmental changes, such as those induced by mining activities. Studying the succession of soil microbial communities after mining subsidence is crucial for comprehending the significance of soil microbes in the natural recovery process following subsidence. Therefore, the soil properties, vegetation communities, and soil microbial communities of the subsidence area, as well as unexploited areas, were analyzed during the natural restoration process (1, 2, 5, 10, and 15 years). The results demonstrate that mining subsidence has a significant impact on the aboveground vegetation community, soil properties, and microbiological community. Following an extended period of natural recovery, a new stable state has emerged, which differs from that observed in non-subsidence areas. The total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen amounts may be key factors driving the natural recovery of bacterial communities, and total potassium and available potassium may be key factors driving the natural recovery of fungal communities. The natural recovery mechanism of soil microorganisms was analyzed along with the changes related to vegetation and soil physicochemical properties. The mechanism was explained from three perspectives, namely, plant-led, soil-led, and soil-microbial-led, which could provide a theoretical basis for the natural restoration of grassland ecosystems and provide guidance for the treatment of coal mining subsidence areas.
Biotechnological Key Genes of the Rhodococcus erythropolis MGMM8 Genome: Genes for Bioremediation, Antibiotics, Plant Protection, and Growth Stimulation
Authors: Afordoanyi Daniel Mawuena , Akosah Yaw Abayie , Shnakhova Lidiya , Saparmyradov Keremli , Diabankana Roderic Gilles Claret , Validov Shamil
Published: January 2024

Anthropogenic pollution, including residues from the green revolution initially aimed at addressing food security and healthcare, has paradoxically exacerbated environmental challenges. The transition towards comprehensive green biotechnology and bioremediation, achieved with lower financial investment, hinges on microbial biotechnology, with the Rhodococcus genus emerging as a promising contender. The significance of fully annotating genome sequences lies in comprehending strain constituents, devising experimental protocols, and strategically deploying these strains to address pertinent issues using pivotal genes. This study revolves around Rhodococcus erythropolis MGMM8, an associate of winter wheat plants in the rhizosphere. Through the annotation of its chromosomal genome and subsequent comparison with other strains, its potential applications were explored. Using the antiSMASH server, 19 gene clusters were predicted, encompassing genes responsible for antibiotics and siderophores. Antibiotic resistance evaluation via the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) identified five genes (vanW, vanY, RbpA, iri, and folC) that were parallel to strain CCM2595. Leveraging the NCBI Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline (PGAP) for biodegradation, heavy metal resistance, and remediation genes, the presence of chlorimuron-ethyl, formaldehyde, benzene-desulfurization degradation genes, and heavy metal-related genes (ACR3, arsC, corA, DsbA, modA, and recG) in MGMM8 was confirmed. Furthermore, quorum-quenching signal genes, critical for curbing biofilm formation and virulence elicited by quorum-sensing in pathogens, were also discerned within MGMM8’s genome. In light of these predictions, the novel isolate MGMM8 warrants phenotypic assessment to gauge its potential in biocontrol and bioremediation. This evaluation extends to isolating active compounds for potential antimicrobial activities against pathogenic microorganisms. The comprehensive genome annotation process has facilitated the genetic characterization of MGMM8 and has solidified its potential as a biotechnological strain to address global anthropogenic predicaments.
A Perspective on the Strategy for Advancing ETVAX®, An Anti-ETEC Diarrheal Disease Vaccine, into a Field Efficacy Trial in Gambian Children: Rationale, Challenges, Lessons Learned, and Future Directions
Authors: Hossain M. Jahangir , Svennerholm Ann-Mari , Carlin Nils , D’Alessandro Umberto , Wierzba Thomas F.
Published: January 2024

For the first time in over 20 years, an Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) vaccine candidate, ETVAX®, has advanced into a phase 2b field efficacy trial for children 6–18 months of age in a low-income country. ETVAX® is an inactivated whole cell vaccine that has gone through a series of clinical trials to provide a rationale for the design elements of the Phase 2b trial. This trial is now underway in The Gambia and will be a precursor to an upcoming pivotal phase 3 trial. To reach this point, numerous findings were brought together to define factors such as safe and immunogenic doses for children, and the possible benefit of a mucosal adjuvant, double mutant labile toxin (dmLT). Considering the promising but still underexplored potential of inactivated whole cells in oral vaccination, we present a perspective compiling key observations from past ETVAX® trials that informed The Gambian trial design. This report will update the trial’s status and explore future directions for ETEC vaccine trials. Our aim is to provide not only an update on the most advanced ETEC vaccine candidate but also to offer insights beneficial for the development of other much-needed oral whole-cell vaccines against enteric and other pathogens.
Characterization of Kinetics-Controlled Morphologies in the Growth of Silver Crystals from a Primary Lead Melt
Authors: King Steven , Rajoo Dillon , Norori-McCormac Alexander , Striolo Alberto
Published: January 2024

Silver, a precious metal, can be recovered as a by-product of the processing of non-ferrous metals such as lead. In this work, silver crystals grown from the controlled cooling of a 10% silver–90% lead melt have been examined to quantify crystal morphologies developed under industrial conditions. X-ray tomography (XCT) is adapted to quantify the size and morphology of silver crystal structures grown from the Ag-Pb melt. The examination utilized high X-ray energies and small sample sizes to mitigate attenuation and enhance image quality. Examination of single crystal dendrites under high magnification demonstrates that silver crystals, even those grown under commercial conditions, yield a Face-Centered Cubic (FCC) crystalline lattice, which could be important for the practical extension of this work to the commercial production of Ag nano-crystals and crystalline supra-molecular structures. The crystals observed are composed of multiple twinned euhedral grains in a variety of dendritic to acicular arrangements, yielding a substantial heterogeneity of crystalline forms. XCT data were used to generate size and shape descriptors for the individual crystals. The results were compared to an equivalent set of descriptors generated from laser sizing examination of a sample of unconsolidated crystals from the same experimental run. The correspondence to within 9% of the crystal equivalent diameters determined independently by the XCT and laser sizing demonstrates a favorable outcome in particle sizing as achieved by visual inspection of XCT results. XCT examination of crystal assemblages identifies small octahedral crystals and larger triangular platelets. The structures expected for FCC crystals grown at thermodynamically controlled conditions are not observed in our systems, suggesting the possibility of the first crystal nuclei form at such conditions, but their growth transition to kinetically controlled mechanisms occurs as their size increases above a threshold cutoff. Based on literature observations, this size threshold is much smaller than the resolution of the XCT instrumentation employed herein. Our characterization data are in fact consistent with thermodynamics/kinetics—and then kinetics-controlled mechanisms—as the crystal size increases. This observation is important because the systems considered here are representative of commercial processes. As such, this work extends prior crystal growth concepts, which were explored in aqueous systems often probed by electrodeposition.