bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Online appendix 3: A new checklist of lichenised, lichenicolous and allied fungi reported from South Africa
Authors: Fryday Alan M.
Published: June 2017

Background: The last comprehensive list of lichenised, lichenicolous and allied fungi reported from South Africa was published in 1950. A checklist is important to provide basic information on the extent of the diversity, and to provide the most recent name and classification.Objective: To present a list of all the lichenised, lichenicolous and allied fungi reported from South Africa.Methods: The list presented is entirely literature based and no attempt has been made to check the report of any taxa or their status by checking the specimens upon which they are based. Firstly, all taxa that were not reported from within the modern boundaries of South Africa were excluded. Next, the Recent literature on lichens database was searched for literature on South African lichens since 1945 and all references checked for new species or new reports, which were then added to the list. These names were then checked against Index Fungorum to ensure that the most current name was being used. Finally, the list was rationalised by excluding all synonyms and dubious infraspecific taxa.Results: The current list includes 1750 taxa in 260 genera from mainland South Africa, with an additional 100 species and 23 genera from the sub-Antarctic Prince Edward Islands, which are treated separately. The replacement name Verrucaria dagolavii Fryday is proposed for Verrucaria umbilicata Øvstedal.Conclusion: It is estimated that, when fully explored, the lichen biota of South Africa will consist of somewhere between 2500 and 3000 taxa.
Preparation and Characterization of Silver Nanospheroids: Theoretical and Experimental Approaches
Authors: Amraoui Mounira , Daoudi Chouaib , Remram Mohamed
Published: June 2017

We synthesized silver nanoparticles of different sizes and forms as function of the molar masses of AgNO3, in two different solvent mediums (ethanol, methanol). We carried out the synthesis according to standard chemical route with major modifications. The spectroscopic characterization showed the presence of two distinct absorption bands; the first band at 300 nm and the second shifted to 440 nm. We found a multipolar phenomenon depending on the temperature. The shape and size predicted by the numerical model are conform to the experimental results. The study demonstrated that the nanoparticles have a spheroidal shape. Full Text: PDF ReferencesCecilia Noguez, "Surface Plasmons on Metal Nanoparticles: The Influence of Shape and Physical Environment", J. Phys. Chem. C 111(10), 3806 (2007). CrossRef M. Amraoui , C. Daoudi and M. Remram, Int.Sc.Sci and Tech. Conf. 2015 Ayd?n,Turkey , 11-13 May , 2015 (ISSTC 2015).M. I Gonzalez-Sanchez et al, "Silver nanoparticle based antibacterial methacrylate hydrogels potential for bone graft applications", Mater. Sci. Eng C. Mater. Biol. Appl 50, 332 (2015). CrossRef Xinyi Dong et al, "Shape Control of Silver Nanoparticles by Stepwise Citrate Reduction", J. Phys. Chem. C 113(16), 6573 (2009). CrossRef A. Wolak, M. Grabiec, O. Véron, J. ?P. Blondeau and K. Dzierżęga, "Nanosecond infrared laser-induced precipitation of silver nanoparticles in glass", Phot. Lett. Poland 5(2), 54 (2013). CrossRef A. Zielinska, E. Skwarek, A. Zaleska, M. Gazda and J. Hupka, "Preparation of silver nanoparticles with controlled particle size", Procedia Chemistry 1, 1560 (2009). CrossRef K-S.Chou, Y.Chang and L. Hua, "Studies on the Continuous Precipitation of Silver Nanoparticles", Ind.Eng.Chem.Res 51(13) 4905 (2012). CrossRef A. M. Atta, H. A. Al-Lohedan, A. O. Ezzat, "Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Green Method Stabilized to Synthetic Human Stomach Fluid", Molecules 19(5) 6737 (2014). CrossRef Botasini, S, Méndez, E. "Silver nanoparticle aggregation not triggered by an ionic strength mechanism", J Nanopart Res 15, 1526 (2013). CrossRef V. Amendola, O.M. Bakr, F. Stellacci, "A Study of the Surface Plasmon Resonance of Silver Nanoparticles by the Discrete Dipole Approximation Method: Effect of Shape, Size, Structure, and Assembly", Plasmonics 5(1) 85 (2010). CrossRef L. Jeong, W. Ho Park "Preparation and Characterization of Gelatin Nanofibers Containing Silver Nanoparticles", Int. J. Mol. Sci 15, 6857 (2014). CrossRef Peter Monk, Finite element method for Maxwell's equations, (Oxford, Clarendon Press 2003). DirectLinkM.D. Abramoff, P.J. Magalhaes, S.J. Ram, "Image processing with ImageJ", Biophotonics International 11(7), 36 (2004). DirectLink Edward D.Palik, Handbook of optical constants of solids (California, Academic Press Inc, 1985). DirectLink
La Estadística en Educación Secundaria y Grados de Ciencias Sociales en España (Relaciones Laborales Y Recursos Humanos y Gestión y Administración Pública). Necesidades, perfiles y realidades
Authors: Lorenzo Valentín G. , Juan Verdoy P.
Published: June 2017

En este artículo presentamos un estudio acerca de las necesidades de conocimiento estadístico del alumnado de grados de Ciencias Sociales, en concreto las titulaciones de Gestión y Administración Pública y Relaciones Laborales y Recursos Humanos, durante distintos cursos escolares. El objetivo que nos planteamos en este trabajo es determinar las implicaciones que tiene la formación en Estadística que recibe un estudiante en la etapa de educación secundaria y analizar el nivel competencial con el que llega a estas titulaciones, presentando una propuesta que mejora la transición, además conocer cómo se implican en el conocimiento de la Estadística. Para ello se analiza el currículo de secundaria en clave de competencias y los programas universitarios, también los perfiles profesionales de estas titulaciones obteniéndose unas habilidades estadísticas que deben haber adquiridas por el estudiante en todo el proceso. ¿Por qué estos estudiantes perdieron sus conocimientos en Estadística y por qué los mismos estudiantes no ven la necesidad de la misma?

Con este trabajo, se puede concluir que los elementos que afectan al carente conocimiento de la Estadística cuando el alumnado pasa a la universidad, son intrínsecos de la situación real del sistema docente en matemáticas, y este es conocimiento debe ser mejorado a través del currículum y todos los elementos que lo rodean. Se han identificado los errores vinculados a algunos contenidos matemáticos y estadísticos que tienen incidencia en el desarrollo de ideas específicas de la materia, como puede ser que el alumnado se le somete a empezar continuamente con los conocimientos de estadística, sin tener en cuenta si tiene asumidos los conocimientos previos necesarios.
Learning experience using an app in Bachelor Degree
Authors: Fossas-Olalla Marta , Minguela-Rata Beatriz , Fernández-Menéndez Jose , Giménez-Fernández Elena
Published: June 2017

The goal of this paper is to expose the planning and implementation of a learning improvement app in subjects related to Operations Management in Bachelor`s Degrees. We show the experience of the app in two subjects, commenting on the differences, the difficulties encountered and the analysis of the results of a survey conducted to the students. This initiative arises from the experience of the Research Group on Production and Information and Communication Technologies (GIPTIC-UCM) of the Complutense University of Madrid as a result of the participation in an Educational Innovation Project.
Experiences of teaching innovation for the consolidation of a R&D&I culture
Authors: Vidal Jhon Victor , Martinez Piedad Cristina , Alfaro José Antonio
Published: June 2017

This article aims to present the results of a project whose objective is to develop a teaching strategy for the development of R + D + I competences in university students, through the development of prototypes associated with the productive areas of a given region, based on the Neoschumpeterian evolutionary theory, the integrative approach to creativity, the  processes of the entrepreneurial spirit with a humanistic approach and the theory of models of technological innovation and business innovation, as well as the analysis of different strategies to promote innovation and entrepreneurship as Junior Achievement Worldwide, Network For Teaching Entrepreneurship (NFTE), Innovacient, among others. The project was developed in six phases, with 60 work teams, obtaining 60 functional prototypes, distributed in the following categories: 8 Agroindustry and food Service, 8 APPS and Software development, 8 Biotechnology, 15 Energies for the future, 7 of social innovation, 7 of new materials for construction, and 7 of Robotic. The most used techniques were Scaper-QFD-Triz for tangible prototypes; Desing Thinking for innovative ideas in services and Agile Methodology for APPs and software.
A proposal for a course of Operations Management for the Degree in Electronics and Automatic
Authors: Vidal-Carreras Pilar I. , Garcia-Sabater Julio J. , Canos-Daros Lourdes
Published: June 2017

At this work a methodology is proposed for a course of the discipline of Operations Management with a focus on active methodologies in the degree of Electronics and Automatic. For the course is combined: lecture, group work, problem-based learning, project-based learning and presentation of group work. Previous experiences in the same course allow us to conclude the importance of the lecture in this environment in what is the only course of the discipline in all the degree. The importance of feedback in project learning is not easy for large groups such as the case study, suggesting the presentation of group work as a good solution to the problem
Shape memory alloys and offering superelastic
property opportunity in reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Hosseini M. , Beiranvand P. , Dehestani A. , Dehestani K.
Published: June 2017

Purpose: The effect of shape memory and super-elastic property are two exclusive features in
shape memory alloys. To exploit the properties of shape memory effect, alloy needs to be heated,
but super-elastic property in these alloys will be proposed automatically in case suitable conditions.
Design/methodology/approach: In this study, with simulating short-square reinforced
concrete column experimental model in software ANSYS and in multi-level and increasing
process, longitudinal armatures with shape memory alloy material will replace steel armatures
with super-elastic behavior will be investigated with making shape memory alloy kind as
variable (copper and nickel-based alloys), the opportunity of super-elastic property emergence
in these alloys and with playing the role of longitudinal armature in reinforced concrete column.
Findings: It can generally be said that memory alloy will achieve to goal that its created
stresses will be located among stress of beginning direct phase and stress of finishing direct
phase and whatever these stresses are closer to finishing direct phase, alloy will have more
efficiency to propose its super-elastic property.
Research limitations/implications: In case of using shape memory alloys as
longitudinal armatures in reinforced concrete structures considering them buried in concrete,
exploitation of shape memory property will have its particular problems that these problems
won’t happen about the super-elastic property. Considering the high rate of strain capacity
(3 to 8%) in memory alloys with super-elastic behaviour and the limitation of this capacity
in concrete, conditions are necessary to be prepared in a way that memory alloy has the
opportunity to propose super-elastic property.
Originality/value: Except shape memory alloy that has proposing super-elastic behaviour
in concrete structures and is investigated in this study, other factors such as the rate of
resistance characteristic of pressure of concrete and mechanical characteristics of steel
armatures are effective in this case as well that can be good subjects for investigation.
A Utility Dodges Pipe Breaks With Solid Planning
Authors: Groeneweg Ben , Rubeiz Camille George
Published: June 2017

Under a sweeping asset management program, a municipal water utility targeted distribution system vulnerabilities and planned cost‐effective pipe replacements.
How Der Sklavenkrieg became The Gladiators: Reflections on Edith Simon’s translation of Arthur Koestler’s novel
Authors: MacAdam Henry Innes
Published: June 2017

All German original manuscripts of Arthur Koestler’s first two novels (The Gladiators and Darkness at noon) were lost during World War II. A MS of each was recently recovered, allowing for the first time a comparison with their initial English translations, for almost 80 years the basis of all other translations. Both novels will be published in German and in a new English translation that allows comparison with the original English editions. This article provides context for the first translation of Der Sklavenkrieg by Edith Simon (1917–2003), through correspondence with Simon’s younger sister Inge Simon Goodwin (1923–2014), and Simon’s daughter, Antonia Reeve. It also briefly addresses some editorial changes in the table of contents for The Gladiators, anomalies within Simon’s rendition of descriptive prose, and an example of Simon’s skills as translator of Koestler’s imaginative prose. These are preliminary observations only, in anticipation of the novel’s retranslation and republication in 2018.
The influence of storage time and temperature on propofol concentrations in canine blood and plasma
Authors: Cox Sherry , Bailey Joan , Okafor Chika , Seddighi Reza , Doherty Tom
Published: June 2017

Propofol is an intravenous anesthetic commonly used due to its favorable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile. There are discrepancies in the literature about the most appropriate sample for determining propofol concentrations. Although plasma has been used for determining propofol concentrations, whole blood has been the preferred sample. There is also a lack of consistency in the literature on the effect of storage time and temperature on propofol concentrations and this may lead to errors in the design of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics studies. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in propofol concentrations in whole blood versus plasma and to evaluate the influence of storage time (56 days) and temperature (4 °C, −20 °C, −80 °C) on the stability of propofol concentrations in blood and plasma samples. Results from the study indicate that whole blood and plasma samples containing propofol stored at −80 °C have concentrations as high as or higher than those stored at 4 °C or −20 °C for 56 days; thus, −80 °C is an appropriate temperature for propofol sample storage. Plasma propofol concentrations were consistently higher than whole blood for all three storage temperatures. Consequently, plasma is the most appropriate sample for propofol analysis due to its consistent determinations.
Long-term monitoring reveals an avian species credit in secondary forest patches of Costa Rica
Authors: Latta Steven C. , Brouwer Nathan L. , Olivieri Alison , Girard-Woolley Julie , Richardson Judy F.
Published: June 2017

Degraded and secondary forests comprise approximately 50% of remaining tropical forest. Bird community characteristics and population trends in secondary forests are infrequently studied, but secondary forest may serve as a “safety net” for tropical biodiversity. Less understood is the occurrence of time-delayed, community-level dynamics such as an extinction debt of specialist species or a species credit resulting from the recolonization of forest patches by extirpated species. We sought to elucidate patterns and magnitudes of temporal change in avian communities in secondary forest patches in Southern Costa Rica biannually over a 10 year period during the late breeding season and mid-winter. We classified birds caught in mist nets or recorded in point counts by residency status, and further grouped them based on preferred habitat, sensitivity to disturbance, conservation priority, foraging guild, and foraging strata. Using hierarchical, mixed-effects models we tested for trends among species that share traits. We found that permanent-resident species increased over time relative to migrants. In both seasons, primary forest species generally increased while species typical of secondary forest, scrub, or edge declined. Species relatively sensitive to habitat disturbance increased significantly over time, whereas birds less sensitive to disturbance decreased. Similarly, generalists with higher habitat breadth scores declined. Because, we found very few changes in vegetation characteristics in secondary forest patches, shifts in the avian community toward primary forest species represent a species credit and are likely related to vegetation changes in the broader landscape. We suggest that natural regeneration and maturation of secondary forests should be recognized as a positive conservation development of potential benefit even to species typical of primary forest.
LITTORAL PROCESSES IN LAKES
Authors: Krumbein W. C.
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this paper is to present the general topic of lake processes to an engineering audience from a geological point of view. It is apparent that the shores of larger lakes present many problems in common with the sea coast, but the absence of tides, and of first-rank storms, means that geological processes are less marked, and structures may in general be smaller. In contrast to many coastal areas, the Great Lakes probably have less consolidated materials in their banks and bluffs, inasmuch as the basins lie mainly in glacial deposits. Hence rates of erosion may be much greater than on harder coastal rocks. The effect of long-period changes in level also introduce problems of selecting distances above and below lake datum in structures, to allow for the more shoreward wave action during times of high levels. The much leaner shore drift along lakes as compared to the oceans also means that problems of beach development and maintenance may be more difficult to solve. Greater reliance on imported sand in closed systems seems to be the trend in some larger communities where the demand for recreational beaches is great.
EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL MODELING OF FLUID-SEABED INTERACTION IN SHALLOW WATER
Authors: AFENTOULIS VASILEIOS , Tsoukala Vasiliki , Mohammadi Bijan
Published: June 2017

For the design and the construction of the defence structures against beach erosion, there is a need to predict and un-

derstand the evolution in time of the shape of the sea sandy bed, using different numerical models and control theories. In the present paper a numerical model based on shallow water equations, which is an application of control theory to the evolution of sandy bed, is used in order to propose a formulation for the wave motion based on fluid and structure coupling, using minimization principles. Furthermore, measurements from a physical experiment are used in order to verify the accuracy of the model. The experiment was carried out in a multi directional wave basin at the SOGREAH (LHF facility, G-INP, France) and provided extensive measurements and detailed analysis of combined hydrodynamics and morphodynamics, suggesting a subtle interplay between several feedback mechanisms associated to wavedriven rip current circulations, wave nonlinearities, sediment transport, and seabed evolution. Using the numerical model, wave characteristics and depth profiles have been calculated and compared to experimental results.
VERIFICATION OF THE FUNCTIONAL EFFICIENCY OF SUBMERGED BREAKWATERS BY FIELD MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Marin Traian Ionut , Savov Boyan
Published: June 2017

The functional efficiency of submerged breakwaters is investigated in this paper, through a set of field measurements. Numerical and physical modelling was aimed to provide a solution which is both functional and coast effective for the coastal protection system. The field measurements were executed in order to test the pressure sensor devices and to compare the obtained transmission coefficient with the results of the 2D physical model tests performed in a wave flume. The concept, set-up, field work and analytical work, as well as relevant conclusions are presented. The research was undertaken in Constanta, Romania, on two new built structures during a coastal protection project executed by Van Oord, in 2014-2015.
ANALYSIS OF FLUID FLOW IMPACT OSCILLATORY PRESSURES WITH AIR ENTRAPMENT AT STRUCTURES
Authors: Mayon Robert Brian , Sabeur Zoheir , Tan Mingyi , Djidjeli Kamal
Published: June 2017

Hydrodynamic wave loading at coastal structures is a complex phenomenon to quantify. The chaotic nature of the fluid flow field as waves break against such structures has presented many challenges to Scientists and Engineers for the design of coastal defences. The provision of installations such as breakwaters to resist wave loading and protect coastal areas has evolved predominantly through empirical and experimental observations. This is due to the challenging understanding and quantification of wave impact energy transfer processes with air entrainment at these structures. This paper presents a numerical investigation on wave loading at porous formations including the effects of air entrapment. Porous morphologies generated from cubic packed spheres with varying characteristics representing a breakwater structure are incorporated into the numerical model at the impact interface and the effect on the pressure field is investigated as the wave breaks. We focus on analysing the impulse impact pressure as a surging flow front impacts a porous wall. Thereafter we investigate the multi-modal oscillatory wave impact pressure signals which result from a transient plunging breaker wave impinging upon a modelled porous coastal protective structure. The high frequency oscillatory pressure effects resulting from air entrapment are clearly observed in the simulations. A frequency domain analysis of the impact pressure responses is undertaken. We show that the structural morphology of the porous assembly influences the pressure response signal recorded during the impact event. The findings provide good confidence on the robustness of our numerical model particularly for investigating the air bubbles formation and their mechanics at impact with porous walls.
TOE BERM DESIGN FOR RUBBLE-MOUND BREAKWATERS: EXAMPLE OF THE SAFI POWER PLANT PROJECT
Authors: Marie COUTOSTHEVENOT , Kyung-Wook HONG
Published: June 2017

DAEWOO E&C (Engineering & Construction) is in charge constructing a new 1320 MW coal-fired power plant located approximately 15 km south-west of the city of Safi in Morocco. ARTELIA Eau & Environnement was appointed by the Contractor to perform the hydraulic design review of the rubble-mound breakwaters protecting the intake and outfall. The toe berm is a key design feature of rubble-mound breakwaters built in breaking conditions, since it helps to support the armour layer and protect the structure from potential scour-induced damage. The initial toe berm design was based on Van Der Meerâ€™s empirical formula (1998). Due to the very shallow water conditions, the toe design was verified through physical model tests (2D and 3D) in ARTELIAâ€™s hydraulics laboratory located in Pont-de-Claix, near Grenoble (France). The physical model tests demonstrated that the toe berm (6t rocks, 3:1 slope) was not stable at key singular locations, namely roundheads and roots, where direct impacts of breaking waves caused severe damage. Given the site conditions and the construction methods, the usual solutions consisting in increasing the rock size and/or placing the toe berm in a trench had to be ruled out. It was hence decided to reinforce the toe with artificial blocks and to use rectangular concrete blocks with holes. These blocks reduced the anti-stabilizing pressure difference between the top and bottom of the blocks (Tanimoto et al., 1996) and drag force due to the considerable current. They are more usually used at the toe of vertical caissons.
EMERGENCY REPAIRS TO THE MAIN BREAKWATER OF CALSHOT HARBOUR ON TRISTAN DA CUNHA ISLAND
Authors: Bouton Paul , Van Eeden Frans , Retief Marthinus , De Roubaix Francois , Kieviet Johan
Published: June 2017

The breakwater at Tristan da Cunha suffered structural damage during heavy seas that battered the island during winter 2010 (June and August). The damage was of such a nature that emergency repairs had to be designed and constructed before the onset of the next winter season. The damage entailed the loss of primary armour units (3.5t dolosse) at the head of the western breakwater exposing the under-layer rock as well as some slight movement of the end section of the crest slab (cap). Further damage to the breakwater head (130m offshore in 6m water depth) was reported one month later; with the crest slab being lifted further by approximately 500mm. The construction methodology during the emergency repair design process, laboratory validation and onsite construction is covered in this manuscript.
Complete Proceedings - Single PDF Download
Authors: Johnson J. W.
Published: June 2017

This Congress was organized under the responsibility of the Council on Wave Research and the University of Grenoble.
A FEW TESTS ON THE MOTION-THRESHOLD OF SOLID GRAINS UNDER AN OSCILLATORY FLUID MOTION
Authors: Martinot-Lagarde Andre , Fauquet Andre
Published: June 2017

A few remarks are made about the similarity of the conditions for the initiation of motion of sand grains on a bed when these grains are acted upon by either a steady flow or by waves.
THE PARASITE PHENOMENON IN A TCAVE CANAL
Authors: Kravtchenko J. , Santon L.
Published: June 2017

A detailed study of wave profiles undertaken by our laboratory and making use of a wave recording apparatus, which is the subject of another paper, has drawn our attention to a parasite phenomenon. In certain conditions this phenomenon has a period twice that of the principal movement.

The phenomenon appears only over a certain range of periods and has been shown to be the result of a transversal clapotis. The appearance of a transversal clapotis in wave canals is not rare and in practice it is eliminated by placing vertical guides parallel to the longitudinal axis of the canal.

We have succeeded in eliminating the transversal clapotis reasonably well, by the use of wave filters. But a progressive phenomenon, with the period of the clapotis, has remained and it has been possible to analyse it.
HURRICANES AND HURRICANE TIDES
Authors: Dunn Gordon E.
Published: June 2017

Most of the maximum tides of record between Cape Hatteras, N.C., and Brownsville, Tex., have been produced by tropical cyclones, or, as they are generally known in the United States, hurricanes. Some of the highest tides of record northward along the coast from Cape Hatteras to Cape Cod have been produced by hurricanes. From time to time our "northeasters†, which are extra-tropical storms, may also cause millions of dollars of damage along the Atlantic coast between Miami, Fla., and Eastport, Me.
FREE OSCILLATION IN SURGE AND SWAY OF A MOORED FLOATING DRY DOCK
Authors: O'Brien J. T. , Kuchenreuther D. I.
Published: June 2017

Measurements are presented of the free period of oscillation In surge and sway of the AFDL-20 (floating dry dock with 2100 long ton displacement) and of the forces and movements Induced. The Dock is spread moored fore and aft, respectively by one I-1/2 inch die lock chain about 260 feet long with rise of about 35 feet and scope of 8. These measurements are compared with those obtained from oscillating a I to 40 linear scale model and from analytics and the agreement is pronounced good.
THEORETICAL FORMS OF SHORELINES
Authors: Grijm W.
Published: June 2017

In previous publications Pelnard-Considere, Bruun and larras have d.erived theoretical shore formations. When doing so, it is necessary to idealize the conditions, such as a lxttoral transport by waves only, unvarying wave characteristics and a simple relation between the angle of wave approach and the littoral transport. Moreover various other simplifications have to be made in order to make it possible to handle the equations.

The question may arise whether results, obtained from such an idealized situation, have any value for practical cases, where the conditions are much more complex and variable. The answer is no when we expect to obtain a true and detailed picture of the development of any particular stretch of coast. Such theoretical exercises can be of real value, however, because they help us to understand why and how certain formations come into being and how they are influenced by certain physical processes* This is the case for instance with such formations as deltas, spits and tombolos.

We cannot say that we really know the function which determines the littoral transport. Up to now one of the simplifications in the mathematical treatment has been the restriction to stay within an area in which the values of
THE USE OF FLUORESCENT TRACERS FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF LITTORAL DRIFT
Authors: Russell R.C.H.
Published: June 2017

The paper is concerned with experiments, carried out by the Hydraulics Research Station, in an attempt to measure littoral drift along natural teaches. A preliminary laboratory experiment is described in which the dilution method was used to measure unidirectional drift along aTnodel shingle beach, and in which the measurement was found to be reasonably accurate. A modified dilution method is described for use on beaches where the direction of the drift reverses from time to time} and there is then a description of how this method was used to measure the littoral drift along three shingle beaches on the coast of England. In one case it was possible to measure the drift by alternative means and so obtain a check on the accuracy of the method. An Appendix describes how some of the tracer materials were

made.
LABORATORY APPLICATIONS OF RADIOISOTOPIC TRACERS TO FOLLOW BEACH SEDIMENTS
Authors: Taney Norman E.
Published: June 2017

For many years coastal scientists and engineers have attempted to label sedimentary particles in order that their movement paths might be determined. Several attempts have been made at the Beach Erosion Board, none of which met with any measure of success. Furthermore, inherent in this system is an extensive sampling program and arduous identification of the labeled particles. Recently, however, the labeling of natural sediments or simulated sediments with radioisotopes as tracers has proved successful and a long sought goal has been achieved. The utilization of radioactive material as sediment tracers has increased during the approximately 10 years since its inception. Since the initial test in the Thames River^1' in England, the utilization of this technique has spread until it is practically worldwide!2""8^ In the main, the objectives of these tests have been qualitative, the determination of movement path and of sedimentation areas of the tracer material, and thus of the sediments, which are being followed. Labeling techniques have varied widely and involve plating or precipitating a thin film of radioactive material on the natural sediments, the utilization of glass containing a radioactive tracer to simulate the natural sediments, the incorporation of radioactive material within the natural sediments or within simulated sediments, and ion exchange between the natural sediments and tracer material. The means of detection have also varied broadly: Geiger-Mueller systems with one or several GM tubes in gangs, scintillation systems making use of pulse-height spectrometry, and autoradiographic techniques have all been used. The monitoring has varied also as sediment and tracer materials have been monitored in situ or samples have been taken and the monitoring accomplished in the laboratory. The staff of the Beach Erosion Board has been interested in this new application of radioisotopes since 1955. A literature survey was initiated at that time and is continuing at present. A feasibility study was completed in 1958 which indicated that radioisotopic tracers presented a new technique with which to study sediment transport. The report strongly recommended that studies be planned and executed utilizing this technique. In the Annual Bulletin of the Beach Erosion Board, 1960,^9'several test objectives and procedures were outlined.
Maturation of phagosomes containing different erythrophagocytic particles in primary macrophages
Authors: Santarino Inês B. , Vieira Otília V.
Published: June 2017

Erythrophagocytosis is a physiological process that aims to remove damaged red blood cells from the circulation in order to avoid hemolysis and uncontrolled liberation of iron. Many efforts have been made to understand heme trafficking inside macrophages, but little is known about the maturation of phagosomes containing different types of erythrophagocytic particles with different signals at their surfaces. Therefore, we performed a comparative study on the maturation of phagosomes containing three different models of red blood cells (RBC): aged/senescent, complement‐opsonized, and IgG‐opsonized. We also used two types of professional phagocytes: bone marrow‐derived and peritoneal macrophages. By comparing markers from different stages of phagosomal maturation, we found that phagosomes carrying aged RBC reach lysosomes with a delay compared to those containing IgG‐ or complement‐opsonized RBC, in both types of macrophages. These findings contribute to understanding the importance of the different signals at the RBC surface in phagolysosome biogenesis, as well as in the dynamics of RBC removal.
Flexible MXene/Graphene Films for Ultrafast Supercapacitors with Outstanding Volumetric Capacitance
Authors: Yan Jun , Ren Chang E. , Maleski Kathleen , Hatter Christine B. , Anasori Babak , Urbankowski Patrick , Sarycheva Asya , Gogotsi Yury
Published: June 2017

A strategy to prepare flexible and conductive MXene/graphene (reduced graphene oxide, rGO) supercapacitor electrodes by using electrostatic self‐assembly between positively charged rGO modified with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and negatively charged titanium carbide MXene nanosheets is presented. After electrostatic assembly, rGO nanosheets are inserted in‐between MXene layers. As a result, the self‐restacking of MXene nanosheets is effectively prevented, leading to a considerably increased interlayer spacing. Accelerated diffusion of electrolyte ions enables more electroactive sites to become accessible. The freestanding MXene/rGO‐5 wt% electrode displays a volumetric capacitance of 1040 F cm−3 at a scan rate of 2 mV s−1 , an impressive rate capability with 61% capacitance retention at 1 V s−1 and long cycle life. Moreover, the fabricated binder‐free symmetric supercapacitor shows an ultrahigh volumetric energy density of 32.6 Wh L−1, which is among the highest values reported for carbon and MXene based materials in aqueous electrolytes. This work provides fundamental insight into the effect of interlayer spacing on the electrochemical performance of 2D hybrid materials and sheds light on the design of next‐generation flexible, portable and highly integrated supercapacitors with high volumetric and rate performances.
Amino Group Bearing Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Materials for Joining Aluminum Alloys and Thermoplastic Fiber‐Reinforced Parts
Authors: Göring Mandy , Schreiter Katja , Schuberth Alexandra , Windberg Tina , Jung Heike , Anders Susann , Müller Philipp , Nickel Daniela , Nestler Daisy , Kroll Lothar , Wielage Bernhard , Lampke Thomas , Spange Stefan
Published: June 2017

The production of metal‐based hybrid laminates, such as aluminum combined with thermoplastics like polyamide 6, requires a precise and purposeful design of the interface between the two components. The utilization of twin polymerization has been successfully examined and an improved adhesion behavior is shown. By utilizing the monomers 2,2′‐spirobi[4H‐1,3,2‐benzodioxasiline] and 2‐(3‐amino‐n‐propyl)‐2‐methyl‐4H‐1,3,2‐benzodioxasiline in a molar ratio of 15:85, medial tensile shear strength values of 12.9 ± 3.9 MPa are achieved in tests according to DIN EN 1465. Electron microscopic and atomic force microscopic investigations give further structural details of the hybrid material. Additionally, the results of nanoindentation and microscratch tests clearly demonstrate that the choice of an adhesion promoter depends on its chemical as well as its mechanical characteristics.
Electron‐Selective TiO2 /CVD‐Graphene Layers for Photocorrosion Inhibition in Cu2O Photocathodes
Authors: Das Chandan , Ananthoju Balakrishna , Dhara Arpan Kumar , Aslam Mohammed , Sarkar Shaibal K. , Balasubramaniam Kavaipatti R.
Published: June 2017

Mitigating photocorrosion in the light absorber material used for photoelectrochemical solar water splitting is a subject of major research. In this work, a systematic investigation is carried out on suppressing the photocorrosion in an electrodeposited Cu2O photocathode using stable protective layers. The photocathode protected with chemical vapor deposited graphene offers significant stability, till 600 s during light chopping chronoamperometry. However, the presence of a few microcracks in the graphene layer cannot offer complete protection, and causes a gradual decay in the photocurrent. The addition of an ultrathin layer (≈10 nm) of amorphous TiO2 on top of the graphene blocks the microcracks, thereby resulting in complete protection to the Cu2O absorber layer. The TiO2/graphene protected Cu2O photocathode generates ‐3 mA cm−2 photocurrent at 0.0 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode under 1 sun in 1 m Na2SO4 electrolyte (pH 7), which is twice that compared to the bare Cu2O electrode. The enhancement in photocurrent can be attributed to the ease of separating the photogenerated charge carriers due to the suitable band alignment and electron selective nature of the protective TiO2/graphene layers.
Adaptive Biochemical Repair Response Toward Germ Cell DNA Damage
Authors: Lee I. P.
Published: June 2017

The Final expression of chemical toxicity is determined by pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, homeostatic, and adaptive favors. In order to understand differential toxicity at the cellular and organ levels, one must outsider Ow main factors which may modulate the toxic effects of chemicals. In the male gonads, such modifying factors are the bloodtestis barrier which restricts the testicular penetration of many foreign chemicals, differentially distributed mixed‐function oxidase(s) between the germ cell and interstitial cell compartments, and the presence of differing DNA repair capacities in the various stages of spermatogenic cells. DNA repair systems are present in spermatogonia and spermatocytes, while more mature spermiogenic cells (spermatids and testicular sperms) appear deficient in DNA repair capabilities. Furthermore, strain and species differences in the germ cell's ability to repair DNA suggest a diverse response of germ cells to DNA‐damaging agents. The capacity of prespermiogenic cells to respond to damage induced by certain chemical mutagens accounts for stage‐specific spermatogenic cell toxicity. Mono‐functional alkylating agents such as methylmethane sulfonate (MMS) cause single strand DNA breaks in prespermiogenic cells which are repaired expeditiously, while the same germ cell types are unable to repair DNA damage induced by bifunctional or polyfunctional alkylating agents. DNA damage induced by polyfunctional alkylating agents involves inactivation or DNA template as a result of inter‐ and/or intrastrand DNA, which is more slowly repaired with greater error frequency in the newly‐synthesized DNA. Thus, both bifunctional and polyfunctional alkylating agents are more toxic to male germ cells than are the monofunctional atkylating agents. DNA damage measured by the alkaline elution analysis appears to be a relatively simple, sensitive indicator of germ cell DNA damage. The DNA repair system appears to be another protective mechanism against monofunctional alkylating agents such as MMS, while the same adaptive system is ineffective in overcoming the effects of bifunctional or polyfunctional alkylating agents. DNA repair rates need to be quantified and factored into the phamacokinetic model being developed for extrapolation from laboratory animals to man.
Gonadal Injury Resulting From Chemotherapy
Authors: Chapman Ramona M.
Published: June 2017

Radiation, alkylating agents and the vinca alkaloids produce variable degrees of gonadal dysfunction in humans; additional drugs have been linked to gonadal damage in males only. Age at time of exposure and total dose a drug administered are associated with the degree of gonadal injury. Irreversible sterility develops at lower doses in men than in women. The infertile men usually retain sexual function, whereas the infertile women experience premature menopause and sexual dysfunction. Subfertility with normal sexual function is the sequela of lesser degrees or gonadal injury in men and women. For a given drug dose, children apparently sustain less gonadal damage than their adult counterparts. Rigorous reporting of basic essential data will enhance our understanding of drag‐induced gonadal damage; incomplete reports only cloud the issue.
Estrogenic Action of DDT Analogs
Authors: Bulger William H. , Kupfer David
Published: June 2017

The estrogenic action of DDT analogs, among these methoxychlor, is discussed. Emphasis is placed on investigations of estrogenic properties of DDT derivatives, their long‐term effects on reproductive processes, and their mechanism of action. Kepone is discussed briefly as an example of another structural class of insecticides with estrogenic activity.
The Teratogenic Risk
Authors: Tuchmann-Duplessis H.
Published: June 2017

Reproduction can be impaired in animals and man by drugs and various environmental agents. Depending on the time of exposure—from fertilization through the fetal period and eventually during lactation—the consequences can range from embryotoxicity, gross malformations and a large variety of more subtle morphological, biochemical, and functional abnormalities. The high susceptibility of the embryo to exogenous agents is due to cellular multiplication and differentiation and to the lack of development of the enzyme systems necessary for the detoxification of chemicals. At present, developmental impairments represent the main cause of perinatal mortality and postnatal morbidity.

After a review of prenatal physiology and teratogenic principles, the action of selected drugs and environmental agents is analyzed. The potential danger of environmental factors during intrauterine development is of particular concern because of its irreversible nature.
The Biology of Human Male Reproduction: An Overview
Authors: Overstreet James W. , Blazak William F.
Published: June 2017

In this overview, the focus is on the biology of human male reproduction. The structure, and Function of the testis are described, and the endocrine control of spermatogenesis is discussed. The formation of spermatozoa during spermatogenesis and their maturation in the epididymis are reviewed. The physiology I ejaculation and sperm transport in the Female tract are discussed. Sperm capacitatiors, the acrosome reaction, and Fertilization of human gametes are also reviewed.
Early Mammalian Embryonic Development
Authors: Swartz William J.
Published: June 2017

This report examines the major events occurring during the first month of development in the human embryo. Developmental events are detailed, beginning with cleavage of the zygote and ending with the formation of the three primary germ layers. Certain aspects of early human development are compared with that in lower forms of vertebrates to emphasize species differences in these basic embryological processes. A discussion of the formation of identical twins is included, since it has its inception during the first month of development.
Prognostic value of nasal cytology and clinical factors in nasal polyps development in patients at risk: can the beginning predict the end?
Authors: De Corso Eugenio , Lucidi Daniela , Battista Mariapina , Romanello Matteo , De Vita Carla , Baroni Silvia , Autilio Chiara , Galli Jacopo , Paludetti Gaetano
Published: June 2017

Background

We evaluated the prognostic value of nasal cytology and clinical factors in predicting nasal polyp (NP) development in patients with history of nonallergic chronic sinonasal inflammation.

Methods

This was a retrospective case‐control study of 295 patients followed at our institution for a mean of 85.70 ± 19.41 months. According to the inclusion criteria we enrolled 84 cases with persistent eosinophilic nonallergic sinonasal inflammation (group A) and 106 cases with neutrophilic inflammation (group B), both without evidence of NPs at the baseline. We considered as controls 105 patients affected by nonallergic noninfectious vasomotor rhinitis without evidence of inflammation at nasal cytology (group C). Patients were checked every 6 months for NPs. Temporal analyses was performed by Kaplan‐Mayer curves and odds ratios were evaluated by logistic regression analyses.

Results

The percentage of patients that developed NPs was higher in group A (29/84 [34.52%]) than in group B (17/106 [16.03%]) and group C (5/104 [4.7%]) (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analyses showed that eosinophilic patients had a higher risk of NP development over the years than neutrophilic patients compared to controls (odds ratio [OR], 10.55 vs 3.2). We also demonstrated that hypereosinophilia, asthma, and aspirin intolerance may increase the OR differently in eosinophilic patients.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that early identification of inflammatory patterns and associated clinical factors in patients affected by chronic nonallergic sinonasal inflammation have a prognostic value that can help to identify patients with different risks of NP development. Our data confirm that detection of nasal eosinophilic inflammation represents an early marker for identification of a more aggressive inflammatory phenotype.
Quality measurement for rhinosinusitis: a review from the Quality Improvement Committee of the American Rhinologic Society
Authors: Rudmik Luke , Mattos Jose , Schneider John , Manes Peter R. , Stokken Janalee K. , Lee Jivianne , Higgins Thomas S. , Schlosser Rodney J. , Reh Douglas D. , Setzen Michael , Soler Zachary M.
Published: June 2017

Background

Measuring quality outcomes is an important prerequisite to improve quality of care. Rhinosinusitis represents a high value target to improve quality of care because it has a high prevalence of disease, large economic burden, and large practice variation. In this study we review the current state of quality measurement for management of both acute (ARS) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

Methods

The major national quality metric repositories and clearinghouses were queried. Additional searches included the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery database, PubMed, and Google to attempt to capture any additional quality metrics.

Results

Seven quality metrics for ARS and 4 quality metrics for CRS were identified. ARS metrics focused on appropriateness of diagnosis (n = 1), antibiotic prescribing (n = 4), and radiologic imaging (n = 2). CRS quality metrics focused on appropriateness of diagnosis (n = 1), radiologic imaging (n = 1), and measurement of patient quality of life (n = 2). The Physician Quality Reporting System (PQRS) currently tracks 3 ARS quality metrics and 1 CRS quality metric. There are no outcome‐based rhinosinusitis quality metrics and no metrics that assess domains of safety, patient‐centeredness, and timeliness of care.

Conclusions

The current status of quality measurement for rhinosinusitis has focused primarily on the quality domain of efficiency and process measures for ARS. More work is needed to develop, validate, and track outcome‐based quality metrics along with CRS‐specific metrics. Although there has been excellent work done to improve quality measurement for rhinosinusitis, there remain major gaps and challenges that need to be considered during the development of future metrics.