bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of the thermodynamic properties of the Internal Occulter inside the coronagraph on coronal observations
Authors: Wang Jincheng , Wang Taisheng , Shi Chengyong , Sun Mingzhe , Zhang Hongxin
Published: April 2022

To detect good quality coronal spectra images, the continuous optimization of stray light suppression techniques for coronagraphs is required. The internal occulter (IO) serves as the main tool for the Internally Occulted Coronagraph to suppress the direct light from the photosphere layer, and thermal stress displacements with thermodynamic properties will overcover the information of the internal corona. In this paper, a reflective distribution function model is established according to Kirchhoff's principle which is based on a ground-based Lyot coronagraph, the aperture is 200 mm, detection wavelength is 637.4 nm (Fe X) and the work field range is ±1.05-2.0 RS (RS is the solar radius), thus the absorption rate is inverted. The irradiance at different positions received by the ground is simulated, and then the temperature change of the occulter during the time of the strongest radiation is calculated. The thermal stress displacement change of the two materials was analyzed by the finite element method. Comparison of the experiment shows that the displacement variation of the conical bottom plane results in losing 0.34% RS corona information for the 2a12-t6 aluminum alloy, and losing 0.11% RS coronal information for oxygen-free copper. This way provides a new idea for the thermodynamic modeling of the IO and the direct light suppression technology in the coronagraph.
Learning the rules of collective cell migration using deep attention networks
Authors: LaChance Julienne , Suh Kevin , Clausen Jens , Cohen Daniel J.
Published: April 2022

Collective, coordinated cellular motions underpin key processes in all multicellular organisms, yet it has been difficult to simultaneously express the ‘rules’ behind these motions in clear, interpretable forms that effectively capture high-dimensional cell-cell interaction dynamics in a manner that is intuitive to the researcher. Here we apply deep attention networks to analyze several canonical living tissues systems and present the underlying collective migration rules for each tissue type using only cell migration trajectory data. We use these networks to learn the behaviors of key tissue types with distinct collective behaviors—epithelial, endothelial, and metastatic breast cancer cells—and show how the results complement traditional biophysical approaches. In particular, we present attention maps indicating the relative influence of neighboring cells to the learned turning decisions of a ‘focal cell’–the primary cell of interest in a collective setting. Colloquially, we refer to this learned relative influence as ‘attention’, as it serves as a proxy for the physical parameters modifying the focal cell’s future motion as a function of each neighbor cell. These attention networks reveal distinct patterns of influence and attention unique to each model tissue. Endothelial cells exhibit tightly focused attention on their immediate forward-most neighbors, while cells in more expansile epithelial tissues are more broadly influenced by neighbors in a relatively large forward sector. Attention maps of ensembles of more mesenchymal, metastatic cells reveal completely symmetric attention patterns, indicating the lack of any particular coordination or direction of interest. Moreover, we show how attention networks are capable of detecting and learning how these rules change based on biophysical context, such as location within the tissue and cellular crowding. That these results require only cellular trajectories and no modeling assumptions highlights the potential of attention networks for providing further biological insights into complex cellular systems.
Transferability of features for neural networks links to adversarial attacks and defences
Authors: Kotyan Shashank , Matsuki Moe , Vargas Danilo Vasconcellos
Published: April 2022

The reason for the existence of adversarial samples is still barely understood. Here, we explore the transferability of learned features to Out-of-Distribution (OoD) classes. We do this by assessing neural networks’ capability to encode the existing features, revealing an intriguing connection with adversarial attacks and defences. The principal idea is that, “if an algorithm learns rich features, such features should represent Out-of-Distribution classes as a combination of previously learned In-Distribution (ID) classes”. This is because OoD classes usually share several regular features with ID classes, given that the features learned are general enough. We further introduce two metrics to assess the transferred features representing OoD classes. One is based on inter-cluster validation techniques, while the other captures the influence of a class over learned features. Experiments suggest that several adversarial defences decrease the attack accuracy of some attacks and improve the transferability-of-features as measured by our metrics. Experiments also reveal a relationship between the proposed metrics and adversarial attacks (a high Pearson correlation coefficient and low p-value). Further, statistical tests suggest that several adversarial defences, in general, significantly improve transferability. Our tests suggests that models having a higher transferability-of-features have generally higher robustness against adversarial attacks. Thus, the experiments suggest that the objectives of adversarial machine learning might be much closer to domain transfer learning, as previously thought.
Novel assays to investigate the mechanisms of latent infection with HIV-2
Authors: Lu Michael D. , Telwatte Sushama , Kumar Nitasha , Ferreira Fernanda , Martin Holly Anne , Kadiyala Gayatri Nikhila , Wedrychowski Adam , Moron-Lopez Sara , Chen Tsui-Hua , Goecker Erin A. , Coombs Robert W. , Lu Chuanyi M. , Wong Joseph K. , Tsibris Athe , Yukl Steven A.
Published: April 2022

Although there have been great advancements in the field of HIV treatment and prevention, there is no cure. There are two types of HIV: HIV-1 and HIV-2. In addition to genetic differences between the two types of HIV, HIV-2 infection causes a slower disease progression, and the rate of new HIV-2 infections has dramatically decreased since 2003. Like HIV-1, HIV-2 is capable of establishing latent infection in CD4+ T cells, thereby allowing the virus to evade viral cytopathic effects and detection by the immune system. The mechanisms underlying HIV latency are not fully understood, rendering this a significant barrier to development of a cure. Using RT-ddPCR, we previously demonstrated that latent infection with HIV-1 may be due to blocks to HIV transcriptional elongation, distal transcription/polyadenylation, and multiple splicing. In this study, we describe the development of seven highly-specific RT-ddPCR assays for HIV-2 that can be applied to the study of HIV-2 infections and latency. We designed and validated seven assays targeting different HIV-2 RNA regions along the genome that can be used to measure the degree of progression through different blocks to HIV-2 transcription and splicing. Given that HIV-2 is vastly understudied relative to HIV-1 and that it can be considered a model of a less virulent infection, application of these assays to studies of HIV-2 latency may inform new therapies for HIV-2, HIV-1, and other retroviruses.
Nest-site selection and its influence on breeding success in a poorly-known and declining seabird: The Tahiti petrel Pseudobulweria rostrata
Authors: Pagenaud Angélique , Ravache Andreas , Bourgeois Karen , Mathivet Mathieu , Bourguet Édouard , Vidal Éric , Thibault Martin
Published: April 2022

The Tahiti petrel (Pseudobulweria rostrata) is a rare and declining seabird whose breeding biology and nest-site selection are poorly known. Nest-site selection is critical to seabird population fitness, and understanding the factors driving it is essential for designing effective conservation measures. Here, we measured several variables (topographical, physical and environmental) to characterize Tahiti petrel nesting habitats and burrows (i.e., width, height, depth and type: rocky cavity, dug into the soil or under a root) on Nemou Island in New Caledonia. The data were clustered using the HCPC (Hierarchical Clustering on Principal Component) method to identify principal habitat groups. This method was combined with logistic regressions to examine the influence of the variables on nest-site selection and breeding success. Our results showed that nest-site selection is linked to habitat groups (a combination of substrate and vegetation data), slope, orientation and soil depth, while breeding success is only influenced by nest characteristics (i.e., burrow type and width). Tahiti petrels prefer to nest on steep slopes in mature forests with rocky substrate and deep soil. Burrows were scatterred in small sub-colonies or isolated pairs, suggesting that nest-site selection depends on habitat quality rather than conspecific density. The study also revealed that breeding success is lower in rocky cavities and increases in burrows with wide entrances. Our nest-site selection survey is the first for the genusPseudobulweria, and provides critical information for designing effective conservation programs in New Caledonia and the Pacific.
Division of coal spontaneous combustion stages and selection of indicator gases
Authors: Li Zongxiang , Zhang Mingqian , Yang Zhibin , Yu Jingxiao , Liu Yu , Wang Haiwen
Published: April 2022

Investigating the division of coal spontaneous combustion stages and the selection of indicator gases is significant to the safe production of coal mines. In this study, the characteristic temperature of coal spontaneous combustion, the generation law of indicator gases, the combustion process, and the division of the combustion stages of coal samples taken from Hongqingliang (HQL) and Dayan (DY) mines were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis experiment, indicator gas detection experiment, and coal oxidation spontaneous combustion experiment. The results of the thermogravimetric analysis experiment showed that the pyrolysis temperatures of the HQL and DY coals were 115.76°C and 131.80°C, and the ignition temperatures were 337.74°C and 360.18°C, respectively. The indicator gas detection results showed that the first-appearance temperature of C2H4 was 85°C for the HQL and DY coals, whereas the first-appearance temperature of C2H6 varied: 115°C for the HQL coal and 130°C for the DY coal. The first-appearance temperatures of C2H2 were 180°C and 195°C for the HQL and DY coals, respectively. The experiments on coal oxidation spontaneous combustion showed that the spontaneous combustion period of the HQL and DY coals were 35.45 and 42.3 days, respectively. The heating process during combustion could be divided into four stages: a latent period of spontaneous combustion, a slow spontaneous heating period, an accelerated spontaneous heating period, and a period of combustion. The critical temperature of each stage showed a good correlation with the incipient temperature of the indicator gases, namely C2H2, C2H4, and C2H6, and the appearance of the above gases can be used to characterize the degree of spontaneous combustion of coal.
Improved diagnostic performance of plain radiography for cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament using deep learning
Authors: Chae Hee-Dong , Hong Sung Hwan , Yeoh Hyun Jung , Kang Yeo Ryang , Lee Su Min , Kim Minyoung , Koh Seok Young , Lee Yongeun , Park Moo Sung , Choi Ja-Young , Yoo Hye Jin
Published: April 2022

Background

A high false-negative rate has been reported for the diagnosis of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) using plain radiography. We investigated whether deep learning (DL) can improve the diagnostic performance of radiologists for cervical OPLL using plain radiographs.

Materials and methods

The training set consisted of 915 radiographs from 207 patients diagnosed with OPLL. For the test set, we used 200 lateral cervical radiographs from 100 patients with cervical OPLL and 100 patients without OPLL. An observer performance study was conducted over two reading sessions. In the first session, we compared the diagnostic performance of the DL-model and the six observers. The diagnostic performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) at the vertebra and patient level. The sensitivity and specificity of the DL model and average observers were calculated in per-patient analysis. Subgroup analysis was performed according to the morphologic classification of OPLL. In the second session, observers evaluated the radiographs by referring to the results of the DL-model.

Results

In the vertebra-level analysis, the DL-model showed an AUC of 0.854, which was higher than the average AUC of observers (0.826), but the difference was not significant (p = 0.292). In the patient-level analysis, the performance of the DL-model had an AUC of 0.851, and the average AUC of observers was 0.841 (p = 0.739). The patient-level sensitivity and specificity were 91% and 69% in the DL model, and 83% and 68% for the average observers, respectively. Both the DL-model and observers showed decreases in overall performance in the segmental and circumscribed types. With knowledge of the results of the DL-model, the average AUC of observers increased to 0.893 (p = 0.001) at the vertebra level and 0.911 (p < 0.001) at the patient level. In the subgroup analysis, the improvement was largest in segmental-type (AUC difference 0.087; p = 0.002).

Conclusions

The DL-based OPLL detection model can significantly improve the diagnostic performance of radiologists on cervical radiographs.
Human macrophages and monocyte-derived dendritic cells stimulate the proliferation of endothelial cells through midkine production
Authors: Said Elias A. , Al-Dughaishi Sumaya , Al-Hatmi Wadha , Al-Reesi Iman , Al-Riyami Marwa , Al-Balushi Mohammed S. , Al-Bimani Atika , Al-Busaidi Juma Z. , Al-Khabori Murtadha , Al-Kindi Salam , Procopio Francesco A. , Al-Rashdi Afrah , Al-Ansari Aliyaa , Babiker Hamza , Koh Crystal Y. , Al-Naamani Khalid , Pantaleo Giuseppe , Al-Jabri Ali A.
Published: April 2022

The cytokine midkine (MK) is a growth factor that is involved in different physiological processes including tissue repair, inflammation, the development of different types of cancer and the proliferation of endothelial cells. The production of MK by primary human macrophages and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) was never described. We investigated whether MK is produced by primary human monocytes, macrophages and MDDCs and the capacity of macrophages and MDDCs to modulate the proliferation of endothelial cells through MK production. The TLR stimulation of human monocytes, macrophages and MDDCs induced an average of ≈200-fold increase in MK mRNA and the production of an average of 78.2, 62, 179 pg/ml MK by monocytes, macrophages and MDDCs respectively (p < 0.05). MK production was supported by its detection in CD11c+ cells, CLEC4C+ cells and CD68+ cells in biopsies of human tonsils showing reactive lymphoid follicular hyperplasia. JSH-23, which selectively inhibits NF-κB activity, decreased the TLR-induced production of MK in PMBCs, macrophages and MDDCs compared to the control (p < 0.05). The inhibition of MK production by macrophages and MDDCs using anti-MK siRNA decreased the capacity of their supernatants to stimulate the proliferation of endothelial cells (p = 0.01 and 0.04 respectively). This is the first study demonstrating that the cytokine MK is produced by primary human macrophages and MDDCs upon TLR triggering, and that these cells can stimulate endothelial cell proliferation through MK production. Our results also suggest that NF-κB plays a potential role in the production of MK in macrophages and MDDCs upon TLR stimulation. The production of MK by macrophages and MDDCs and the fact that these cells can enhance the proliferation of endothelial cells by producing MK are novel immunological phenomena that have potentially important therapeutic implications.
Sizing up the body: Virtual fit platforms in fashion e-commerce
Authors: Ornati Michela , Picco-Schwendener Anna , Marazza Suzanna
Published: April 2022

Dress is an embodied experience which is dematerialized online. In a fashion e-commerce website, clothes cannot be touched, nor worn prior to purchase and delivery; this engenders issues of fit and thus, returns. To solve this issue, fashion companies are turning to size recommendation and virtual fit service platforms. Simply put, virtual fit systems algorithmically match customer body data to fashion items which are potentially the right size and fit. This process aims to create value for all parties involved: for brands, by improving customer satisfaction and reducing returns; for customers, by facilitating choices; and for platform providers, by the sale of services and tools. However, as research in online platforms in other fields suggests (: 197; ), virtual fit services are driven by mechanisms of datafication, curation and commodification of fashion consumers’ bodily data – which in turn raise issues related to privacy and inclusivity. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, virtual fit platforms and their effects on the datafication of dress embodiment have heretofore not been discussed in fashion studies literature. This article spotlights the growing phenomena, opening avenues for further research in the field.
Nicaragua. Dictadura y revolución
Authors: González Arana Roberto
Published: April 2022

Este trabajo describe la historia reciente de Nicaragua y analiza los factores políticos, económicos y sociales que hicieron posible la finalización de cuatro décadas de dictadura en este país centroamericano.
Honduras en la ruta trans-ístmica(Análisis de la propuesta de Juan García de Hermosilla de mudar Nombre de Dios por Puerto Caballos) 1556-1570
Authors: Payne Iglesias Elizet
Published: April 2022

Este artículo analiza los proyectos para la construcción de una ruta que conectaría el Caribe y el pacífico para ampliar el comercio con el Perú a través de Honduras entre 1525 y 1570. Resaltando los intereses que se pusieron en juego y las disputas con otros espacios regionales como el de Nombre de Dios – Panamá, además de las razones de su fracaso que marcarían los derroteros de muchas regiones centroamericanas.
Nursing Students’ Perception of the Educational Environment in a Public University in Ahvaz, Iran: A Study Based on DREEM Questionnaire
Authors: Rokhafrooz Dariush , Alborzi Zhila , Shustari Sima Sadat Ghaemi Zade , Heydari Meysam
Published: April 2022

Background: Students’ perception of educational environment is an important factor in evaluating the quality of education as it provides invaluable resources to identify the strengths and weaknesses of educational environment. However, there is a paucity of information regarding the educational environment from the perceptions of nursing students in Iran.Purpose: This study aimed to investigate nursing students’ perception of the educational environment and compare the male and female students’ perceptions of the educational environment in a public university in Ahvaz, Iran.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 130 nursing students in a public university in Ahvaz, Iran, using the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire. Convenient sampling was used to recruit the samples. Descriptive statistics and independent t-test were used for data analysis.Results: The overall mean (SD) DREEM score in this study was 105.01(22.00), indicating a more positive educational environment than negative. The highest mean (SD) DREEM score was related to Students’ Perceptions of Learning domain 24.03(6.01), while the lowest one was related to Students’ Social Self-Perceptions domain 14.01(4.00). The female students showed significantly better mean score in the domains of Students’ Academic Self-Perception and Students’ Social Self-Perception than males (p<0.05).Conclusion: The students’ perception of their educational environment is a positive and optimistic one. Therefore, it is suggested that students’ perceptions of the educational environment be measured regularly, for instance, at the end of each academic year, to create a healthy and effective environment for learning in the educational environment.
Facilitating the Development of Clinical Competence in a Low-Resource Setting: Perceptions and Challenges of Nurse Educators
Authors: Salifu David Abdulai , Heymans Yolande , Christmals Christmal Dela
Published: April 2022

Background: The inability of nursing education institutions, particularly in low-resource settings to train competent nurses has been partly attributed to the challenges faced by nurse educators in the teaching of practical skills and in facilitating the development of clinical competence. Unfortunately, the perceptions and challenges faced by nurse educators in clinical nursing educationin diploma nursing education in low-resource settings have not been explored.Purpose: This study aimed to explore and describe the perceptions and challenges of nurse educators in the teaching of practical skills and in facilitating the development of clinical competence in diploma nursing education in Ghana, a low-resource setting. Methods: A qualitative descriptive design was used in this study. Nine nurse educators tasked with teaching practical skills and facilitating the development of clinical competence from three accredited diploma-awarding public nursing colleges – one in each of the three geographical zones of Ghana – were purposively sampled and interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. The data were  analysed with the aid of ATLAS.ti software through the thematic framework approach of qualitative data analysis.Results: Four themes, namely nurse educator and student factors, skills learning environment factors, institutional challenges, and regulatory issues, were identified and described the challenges of practical skills teaching and clinical competence development confronting nurse educators in the study setting.Conclusion: To address these challenges, policy measures should be implemented to ensure adequate national investment in nursing education and incentives to promote nurse educator development and performance. Nurse educators and their labour union should therefore strongly advocate for this transformation in nursing education.
Impact of ultra-low temperature long-term storage on the preanalytical variability of twenty-one common biochemical analytes
Authors: Alegre Estibaliz , Varo Nerea , Fernández-Calle Pilar , Calleja Sofía , González Álvaro
Published: April 2022

Objectives

Retrospective studies frequently assume analytes long-term stability at ultra-low temperatures. However, these storage conditions, common among biobanks and research, may increase the preanalytical variability, adding a potential uncertainty to the measurements. This study is aimed to evaluate long-term storage stability of different analytes at <−70 °C and to assess its impact on the reference change value formula.

Methods

Twenty-one analytes commonly measured in clinical laboratories were quantified in 60 serum samples. Samples were immediately aliquoted and frozen at <−70 °C, and reanalyzed after 11 ± 3.9 years of storage. A change in concentration after storage was considered relevant if the percent deviation from the baseline measurement was significant and higher than the analytical performance specifications.

Results

Preanalytical variability (CVP) due to storage, determined by the percentage deviation, showed a noticeable dispersion. Changes were relevant for alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, glucose, magnesium, potassium, sodium, total bilirubin and urate. No significant differences were found in aspartate aminotransferase, calcium, carcinoembryonic antigen, cholesterol, C-reactive protein, direct bilirubin, free thryroxine, gamma-glutamyltransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, prostate-specific antigen, triglycerides, thyrotropin, and urea. As nonnegligible, CVP must remain included in reference change value formula, which was modified to consider whether one or two samples were frozen.

Conclusions

After long-term storage at ultra-low temperatures, there was a significant variation in some analytes that should be considered. We propose that reference change value formula should include the CVP when analyzing samples stored in these conditions.
Is thyroglobulin a reliable biomarker of differentiated thyroid cancer in patients treated by lobectomy? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Giovanella Luca , Ceriani Luca , Garo Maria Luisa
Published: April 2022

Objectives

The prognostic role of thyroglobulin in predicting recurrence in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients treated by lobectomy is controversial. This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to update the current evidence deepening the reliability of circulating thyroglobulin in assessing the early response and in predictive recurrence.

Methods

The methodology was registered in the PROSPERO database under the protocol number CRD42021288189. A systematic search was carried out on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus from September to November 2021 without time and language restrictions. The literature search strategy was based on the following keywords: Thyroglobulin AND (Lobectomy OR Hemithyroidectomy).

Results

After screening 273 articles, seven studies were included in the systematic review, and only six of them were included in the meta-analysis for a total of 2,455 patients. Circulating thyroglobulin was found non-reliable in assessing early response and predicting recurrence in patients with hemithyroidectomy, especially those with a low initial ATA classification.

Conclusions

Our study does not support serum thyroglobulin levels for monitoring patients with low-risk DTC treated with lobectomy, and weak evidence supports its role for intermediate- or high-risk patients. Studies with longer follow-up, different study designs, and stringent inclusion/exclusion criteria are needed to evaluate the role of thyroglobulin in recurrence prediction.
Skein lasagna modules for 2-handlebodies
Authors: Manolescu Ciprian , Neithalath Ikshu
Published: April 2022

Morrison, Walker, and Wedrich used the blob complex to construct a generalization of Khovanov–Rozansky homology to links in the boundary of a 4-manifold. The degree zero part of their theory, called the skein lasagna module, admits an elementary definition in terms of certain diagrams in the 4-manifold. We give a description of the skein lasagna module for 4-manifolds without 1- and 3-handles, and present some explicit calculations for disk bundles over

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2

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.
Catalytic thermolysis at atmospheric pressure followed by adsorption in treatment of coking wastewater
Authors: Verma Vibha , Joshi Nishant , Kushwaha Jaiprakash , Singh Santosh Bahadur , Ghosh Prabir , Chaudhari Parmesh Kumar
Published: April 2022

Wastewater generated from the coking processes has high load of organic as well as inorganic pollutants which requires the application of effective treatment techniques. In the present work, treatment of coking wastewater (CWW) through catalytic thermolysis has been carried out in batch mode with varying parameters such as type of catalyst, catalyst mass loading, pH, temperature and time. This process was followed by adsorption as second stage treatment process. The final parameters obtained are as Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 20 mg/L, cyanide 0.42 mg/L and nil amount of phenol from the high initial organic and inorganic load. The study aims reduction of COD, phenol, and cyanide content in the wastewater to the permissible limits. The mechanism and kinetics of thermolysis process have been also presented in this study.
Predicting the replication fidelity of injection molded solid polymer microneedles
Authors: Evens Tim , Castagne Sylvie , Seveno David , Van Bael Albert
Published: April 2022

Microneedles are sharp microscopic features, which can be used for drug or vaccine delivery in a minimally invasive way. Recently, we developed a method to produce polymer microneedles using laser ablated molds in an injection molding process. At this moment, extensive injection molding experiments are needed to investigate the replication fidelity. Accurate predictions of the injection molding process would eliminate these costly and time expensive experiments. In this study, we evaluated the replication fidelity of solid polymer microneedles using numerical simulations and compared the results to injection molding experiments. This study was performed for different sizes of microneedles, different thermoplastics (polypropylene and polycarbonate) and different mold materials (tool steel, copper alloy and aluminium alloy). Moreover, different processing conditions and different locations of the microneedles on the macroscopic part were considered. A good correlation with experimental findings was achieved by optimizing the heat transfer coefficient between the polymer and the mold, while using a multiscale mesh with a sufficient number of mesh elements. Optimal heat transfer coefficients between 10,000 and 55,000 W/m2 K were found for the different combinations of polymer and mold materials, which resulted in an accuracy of the simulated microneedle replication fidelity between 94.5 and 97.0%.
Beyond emotional support: predictors of satisfaction and perceived care quality following the death of a baby during pregnancy
Authors: Cassidy Paul Richard
Published: April 2022

Objectives

To investigate which objective (actions/interventions) and subjective (perceptions of care quality) outcomes of care following stillbirth or termination of pregnancy predict perceived care quality.

Methods

A cross-sectional descriptive study using an anonymous online survey. The population was women who had experienced a stillbirth or termination of pregnancy from ≥16 weeks of gestation, in the Spanish health system. Multiple sequential regression analysis was used to identify predictors of perceived care quality (satisfaction, willingness to recommend, competence and ability to provide loss-focused care).

Results

Results from 610 women were analysed. A significant regression equation (p<0.001) was found in each of the objective only and objective-subjective models. In the case of overall care (satisfaction-recommend composite), 72.0% of variance (adj. R2) was explained. In general, subjective evaluations of care are more potent predictors of perceived care quality than objective care interventions (e.g. autopsy performed). Feeling free to ‘express emotions’, ‘teamwork between doctors and nurses/midwives’, and ‘being well-informed of all steps and procedures’ were the three strongest predictors, followed by perception of ‘medical negligence’. Information provision and loss-focused interventions had the weakest influence, except in the specific ‘loss-focused’ model.

Conclusions

The results indicate that the ‘atmosphere’ of care is a transversal dimension related to the context of loss and trauma and has the single greatest influence on perceptions of care quality. It is necessary to use a specific ‘loss-focused’ care variable to adequately capture perceptions of the quality of bereavement care and a custom scale to measure the influence of care interventions on perceived quality.
The Pure Sky and the Eternal Return: Zarathustra’s Affirmative Atheism
Authors: Baker Gideon
Published: April 2022

Zarathustra initially describes churches as the stale caves of world-denying priests. However, following his encounter with the eternal return of the same, Zarathustra overcomes this resentful atheism. The pure sky that Zarathustra desires above all else, a sky emptied of the gods, is not visible again through the holes in ruined church roofs, but really thanks to these holes. The pure sky is an image of the world liberated from the teleological time of theistic providence, indeed even from the divine necessity that pantheism attributes to the world. Yet for all that it is god-less, the pure sky is acknowledged to be a gift of the same metaphysical-Christian history of God that it only seems to negate: the sky’s pure eye peers through holes in church roofs. Zarathustra, though an “old atheist,” can now love “even churches.” I call this Zarathustra’s affirmative atheism. I also link affirmative atheism to the conception of eternal recurrence as a self-abolishing anti-teaching. In the eternal return, Zarathustra’s atheism is finally indistinguishable from a history of churches and therefore negates itself. But although it is not a new teaching, affirmative atheism points to something novel. This is an atheism that can no longer be taught in doctrines but must be lived as fate.
Application of hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose-methyl methacrylate copolymer emulsion in paper protection
Authors: Yang Zhonghua , Zhang Jinjie , Qi Yingping , Shen Yongfeng , Li Hua
Published: April 2022

Paper cultural relics are important historical and cultural heritage. However, they are easy to be damaged with time. In order to improve the mechanical strength, water resistance and delay aging of paper, hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose-methyl methacrylate copolymer emulsion for paper protection was synthesized, with hydroxyethyl cellulose as the matrix, methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate glycidyl methacrylate, and dodecyl methacrylate as the graft polymers. The prepared emulsion was applied to paper protection. By testing the effects of emulsion with different mass concentrations on the tensile strength, folding endurance, tear strength, whiteness and gloss of paper, the suitable conditions for the application of paper protection were found. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the paper coated with 10 % emulsion were significantly improved, and the gloss and whiteness were basically unchanged. The appearance of the paper did not change obviously, which was in line with the principle of “repair as old, keep the original”. At the same time, the aging resistance and water resistance experiments show that paper coated with the new material has certain aging resistance and water resistance. Therefore, the prepared hydroxyethyl cellulose-methyl methacrylate copolymer emulsion has great application prospects in the protection of paper.
Value-added analysis of Lactobacillus acidophilus cell encapsulation using Eucheuma cottonii by freeze-drying and spray-drying
Authors: Yudiastuti Silvia Oktavia Nur , Kastaman Roni , Sukarminah Een , Mardawati Efri
Published: April 2022

The added value of Lactobacillus acidophilus encapsulation due to its production process is one of the first things that need to be known in calculating techno-economic analysis to determine the sustainability of its downstream. The result of value-added analysis plays an important role in determining which formulation, encapsulate material, and production process should be used. The inoculum media used were skimmed milk and whole milk, the coating material used in this study was Eucheuma cottonii, while the process variations used were spray-drying and freeze-drying methods. There were four treatments in the research that analyzed their added value. Determination of the best treatment was carried out through the scoring method on the value of cell viability, cell morphology, encapsulation effectiveness, process costs, cost of supporting materials, and added value of the product. Added value analysis was carried out using the Hayami and Kawagoe methods. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that added value is most influenced by process costs. The treatments selected were E. cottonii coating material, fresh milk inoculation medium, and spray-drying encapsulation method with an overall score of 22.
How are the United States Banks faring during the COVID-19 Pandemic? Evidence of Economic Efficiency Measures
Authors: Sakouvogui Kekoura , Guilavogui Mama Genevieve
Published: April 2022

Due to the current lockdown and restrictions related to the COVID-19, U.S. commercial and domestic banks are facing cashflow and financial difficulties. This has led to many vulnerable customers losing their source of income. In this paper, we examine the importance of financial liquidity and solvency on U.S. commercial and domestic banks’ efficiency during the COVID-19. This paper adopts the Data Envelopment Analysis’ estimator in a two-step procedure. First, economic efficiency measures of 16,830 December quarterly observations of U.S. commercial and domestic banks are estimated from December 2010 to December 2020. Within each year, 1,530 U.S. commercial and domestic banks are selected. Second, using Tobit and panel fixed effect regression models, the importance of both liquidity and solvency risks on economic efficiency during the COVID-19 is examined. Empirical estimates indicate that both liquidity and solvency financial factors negatively affect the economic efficiency measures of U.S. commercial and domestic banks during the COVID-19.
Fear and cultural background drive sexual prejudice in France – a sentiment analysis approach
Authors: Fronhofer N.-M. , Herbert C. , Durand V. , Alvergne A. , Raymond M. , Barkat-Defradas M.
Published: April 2022

Sexual prejudice and its negative consequences remain major issues in Western societies, and numerous studies have tried to pinpoint its sociocultural underpinnings. However, most research has operationalized sexual prejudice via self-report measures or via implicit association tests (IATs), although it surfaces in language use and can be traced in spontaneous speech.

Here, we report results from an experimental study investigating sexual prejudice in a corpus of spontaneous speech samples. Specifically, we tested in a context-sensitive sentiment analysis approach which attitudes (negative vs. positive) and emotions (joy, sadness, anger, fear, disgust) were voiced by the participants in response to picture prompts displaying homosexual couples. We also considered the sociocultural basis of prejudicial attitudes, in particular the effects of the participants’ cultural background (France vs. Maghreb), age and gender. We find strong effects of cultural background and gender both on the frequency of negative vs. positive attitudes expressed, and on discrete emotion categories, namely that male Maghrebian participants were more negative and conveyed more fear. The results are discussed in the context of current diversity approaches in France and their implications for potential prejudice regulation strategies. We further discuss in how far our context-sensitive sentiment analysis approach advances research on sexual prejudice.
Adsorption behavior of chromium in an aqueous suspension of δ-alumina in absence and in presence of humic substances
Authors: El-sayed Ashraf A. , Aly Hisham F.
Published: April 2022

The radioisotope Cr-51 was exploited for studying the chromium adsorption behavior in aqueous media of alumina in aqueous media. Where, it represents 1.8% by weight and exists in earth’s crust in different forms. Factors affecting this adsorption behavior are pH, amount of alumina and humic acid presence. In case of pH adsorption curves, three different areas under peak can be described based on pH changes which lead to the formation of different species too. The first area is the maximum constant adsorption at pH, range 1–3, the second one is adsorption decreasing with increasing pH through pH range 4–7 and the third one is step-down adsorption at higher pH range. The increasing amount of alumina leads to increase in the percent adsorption, where 10 and 2 g/l alumina were found to have 100% while in case of 0.2 g/l it is 80%. The presence of humic acid decreases the adsorption of chromate with increasing pH to be 30% comparing to 80% in case of 0.2 g/l alumna at pH 2. This can be also indicated by adsorption capacity which is found to be 436.8 μg/g in case of 0.2 g alumina; and it decreases in presence of Humic Acid (HA) to 145.8 μg/g at same weight of alumina. Also, the equilibrium capacities are found as 54.6 μg/g for 2 g/l and 1.2 μg/g for 10 g/l. Triple layer model (TLM) was used for simulation of chromium adsorption behavior in presence of alumina with the applied conditions of study. The results showed high coincidence with the practically found data.
Molecular crystals with a sole bearing contact: structural classes and statistical data
Authors: Banaru Alexander M. , Bond Andrew D. , Aksenov Sergey M. , Banaru Darya A.
Published: April 2022

All the structural classes (SCs) of molecular crystals, which are possible to be formed by a sole intermolecular bearing contact, are derived from 1,1- and 2,1-transitive nets. There are 160 (167 including enantiomorphic pairs) monosystemic SCs (in which the molecules occupy one crystallographic orbit) and 244 (248) bisystemic SCs (in which the molecules occupy two crystallographic orbits), i.e. 404 (411) SCs in all. These are the only SCs which can correspond to a homodesmic crystal structure, either organic, or inorganic, in which the structural units are bonded in a single way. Statistical investigation of the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) shows that ∼1% of monosystemic molecular crystals can be formed by a sole intermolecular bearing contact.
Ordered CaCu5-type phases REPd2Zn3 (RE = Y, La–Nd, Sm, Gd–Dy)
Authors: Gerke Birgit , Block Theresa , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: April 2022

The ternary intermetallic phases REPd2Zn3 (RE = Y, La–Nd, Sm, Gd–Dy) were synthesized from the elements by induction melting in sealed niobium ampoules followed by annealing. The CaCu5-type samples (space group P6/mmm) were characterized through Guinier powder patterns. The structures of YPd2Zn3 (a = 523.91(4), c = 430.88(3) pm, wR2 = 0.0570, 96 F
2 values, 9 variables) and NdPd2Zn3 (a = 535.08(7), c = 427.81(6) pm, wR2 = 0.0217, 123 F
2 values, 9 variables) were refined from single-crystal X-ray diffractometer data. The zinc atoms form Kagome layers in AA stacking which leave trigonal prismatic voids for the palladium and hexagonal prismatic voids for the rare earth atoms. The Zn–Zn distances within the Kagome network of YPd2Zn3 are 262 pm and the Pd–Zn distances in the Pd@Zn6 trigonal prisms are 263 pm.
The Importance of a Racially Diverse Sentencing Commission
Authors: Boss Barry , Kapp Kara
Published: April 2022

2022 marks an important year for racial diversity in our criminal justice system. President Biden has just nominated the first black woman, Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson, to serve on the U.S. Supreme Court, and the Senate appears poised to add additional members to the United States Sentencing Commission. The Biden Administration has made clear its commitment to diversity in nominating candidates to the federal bench, the U.S. Attorney’s Office, and the U.S. Marshal Service. We write to explain the profound importance of extending this commitment to the Administration’s nominations to the Sentencing Commission.

The Commission has significant influence over the federal judiciary. Each day, the Commission’s published recommendations affect the sentencing decisions made by federal judges, decisions that affect people’s basic freedom, mental and physical health, and physical safety. Meaningful racial and ethnic diversity on the Commission is critical to preserve the public’s faith in the Commission’s recommendations. The racial and ethnic makeup of the Commission matters in part because the predominant groups being sentenced by the federal judges who follow the Commission’s recommendations are people of color. Given that people of color have made up the vast majority of those affected by the Commission’s recommendations in recent years, it is particularly important that the Commission meaningfully reflect the diversity of the groups most affected by its guidance. Meaningful diversity will both positively impact the public’s trust in this body and the substantive recommendations it publishes. Americans deserve a Commission that provides recommendations that are both substantively fair and also carry the appearance of fairness. It is thus critical that the makeup of the Commission reflect the populations most affected by its guidance.
Introduction to the Dialogues on Afterlives and Different Futures for Latin American Art
Authors: Flaherty George F. , Nelson Adele
Published: April 2022

What theoretical and political exigencies framed the discussions of Latin American art in the 1970s, and what are the afterlives of those formations today? This Dialogues traces a constellation of curators and scholars that participated in the articulation of the field of modern and contemporary Latin American art, paying attention to experimentation and the ways coloniality haunt its development. Authors analyze episodes in the formation of the field, including a prominent international symposium, an audiovisual display as curatorial intervention, and the redefinition of popular art, as well as troubling the subordination of Black art. George Flaherty and Adele Nelson discuss the intensive questioning that constituted the Austin Symposium in 1975, drawing on the previously understudied audio recordings of the conference. Camila Maroja reconsiders the controversial audiovisual presentation by Ángel Kalenberg at the Tenth Paris Biennial (1977) with a view to the transnational cultural politics of the period. Karen Benezra offers that Ticio Escobar’s multidecade reconception of popular art grants space for art by communities historically excluded from both art and the mestizo nation, notably the Ishir Indigenous people of Paraguay. Eddie Chambers issues a challenge and reflects on the limited degree to which the contributions of African-descended artists have been recognized by historians of Latin American art, focusing on Brazil and Cuba. Together these texts propose that questioning and unresolvability can serve as both tools and reminders of the size and significance of the continued work required of the field of modern and contemporary Latin American art.
El punto de vista inherente como factor clave en la elección del modo en las oraciones subordinadas temporales: los casos de antes/después (de)
Authors: García Yanes Francisco Javier
Published: April 2022

El enfoque epistémico tradicional del estudio del modo, basado en la distinción entre lo real/factual y lo no real/no factual, si bien se enfrenta a serias dificultades a la hora de dar cuenta del valor del subjuntivo en su conjunto, presenta una alta capacidad explicativa en el ámbito concreto de las oraciones subordinadas temporales. La alternancia modal que caracteriza a la construcción después (de) que, sin embargo, constituye, dentro de este ámbito, un desafío a dicho enfoque. En el presente artículo, y sobre la base de los principios e instrumentos teóricos de la lingüística cognitiva, se propone un modelo explicativo tanto para estas oraciones como para las introducidas por antes (de), que atribuye el uso en ellas del subjuntivo a la influencia que ejerce el punto de vista inherente a los adverbios antes y después sobre la estructuración conceptual y valoración epistémica del proceso subordinado.