bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Group Randomized Trial to Reduce Obesity among Appalachian Church Members: The Walk by Faith Study
Authors: Paskett Electra D. , Baltic Ryan D. , Young Gregory S. , Katz Mira L. , Lesko Samuel M. , Webber Kelly H. , Roberto Karen A. , Lengerich Eugene J. , Schoenberg Nancy E. , Kennedy Stephenie K. , Mama Scherezade , Midkiff Courtney C. , Dignan Mark B.
Published: October 2018

Background: Appalachia is a rural, socioeconomically disadvantaged region with high rates of cancer and obesity. Using community-based participatory research principles, the Appalachia Community Cancer Network tested an initiative to reduce weight among overweight and obese participants by partnering with churches, an important community-based institution in Appalachia.

Methods: A group randomized trial was conducted with counties or groups of counties in five Appalachian states. These groups were randomly assigned to receive either monthly diet and exercise education sessions (“Walk by Faith”; WbF) or an educational program focused on cancer screening and education (“Ribbons of Faith”; RoF) to examine effects on weight change. Participants completed questionnaires and biometric measurements at baseline and 12 months. The primary outcome of the study was weight change from baseline to 12 months.

Results: The relative difference in weight loss from baseline to 12 months for WbF compared with RoF was 1.4% but was not statistically significant (P = 0.13). However, results varied by sex and marital status. WbF men experienced a significant 2.8% decrease in body weight, married WbF women a 1.5% decrease, and unmarried WbF women a 1.5% increase compared with their respective RoF subgroups (interaction P = 0.016). Among WbF participants, greater participation in monthly educational sessions was associated with greater weight loss (P = 0.002).

Conclusions: WbF facilitated weight loss mainly in male participants. Level of participation in WbF activities correlated with weight loss.

Impact: Findings suggest that additional research is needed to better understand factors associated with participation in health promotion programs for underserved rural communities. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(11); 1289–97. ©2018 AACR.
A Unique Nonsaccharide Mimetic of Heparin Hexasaccharide Inhibits Colon Cancer Stem Cells via p38 MAP Kinase Activation
Authors: Boothello Rio S. , Patel Nirmita J. , Sharon Chetna , Abdelfadiel Elsamani I. , Morla Shravan , Brophy Donald F. , Lippman H. Robert , Desai Umesh R. , Patel Bhaumik B.
Published: October 2018

Targeting of cancer stem cells (CSC) is expected to be a paradigm-shifting approach for the treatment of cancers. Cell surface proteoglycans bearing sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains are known to play a critical role in the regulation of stem cell fate. Here, we show for the first time that G2.2, a sulfated nonsaccharide GAG mimetic (NSGM) of heparin hexasaccharide, selectively inhibits colonic CSCs in vivo. G2.2-reduced CSCs (CD133+/CXCR4+, Dual hi) induced HT-29 and HCT 116 colon xenografts’ growth in a dose-dependent fashion. G2.2 also significantly delayed the growth of colon xenograft further enriched in CSCs following oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil treatment compared with vehicle-treated xenograft controls. In fact, G2.2 robustly inhibited CSCs’ abundance (measured by levels of CSC markers, e.g., CD133, DCMLK1, LGR5, and LRIG1) and self-renewal (quaternary spheroids) in colon cancer xenografts. Intriguingly, G2.2 selectively induced apoptosis in the Dual hi CSCs in vivo eluding to its CSC targeting effects. More importantly, G2.2 displayed none to minimal toxicity as observed through morphologic and biochemical studies of vital organ functions, blood coagulation profile, and ex vivo analyses of normal intestinal (and bone marrow) progenitor cell growth. Through extensive in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo mechanistic studies, we showed that G2.2′s inhibition of CSC self-renewal was mediated through activation of p38α, uncovering important signaling that can be targeted to deplete CSCs selectively while minimizing host toxicity. Hence, G2.2 represents a first-in-class (NSGM) anticancer agent to reduce colorectal CSCs.
Arterial Blood Supply of the Nose: An Angiographic Study
Authors: Mostafa Badr Eldin , Elsamny Talaat Ali , Youssef Tamer Ali , Elserwi Ahmed Bahaa , Teaima Ahmed Abdelmoneim
Published: October 2018

Objective: To define anatomical variations associated with arterial blood supply of the nose which has clinical implications on the management of different disorders, especially intractable posterior epistaxis. Study Design: Case series. Methods: Selective angiography of external and internal carotid arteries of 100 patients scheduled for routine angiography was done. Results: Different anatomical variations were documented. The ophthalmic artery can arise from the middle meningeal artery in 1% while ethmoidal arteries can be absent in 5%. The maxillary artery courses as 2 loops in the pterygopalatine fossa in 64% of cases where the descending palatine artery originates before the first loop or on its top so that caution is needed in controlling epistaxis. The sphenopalatine artery has different patterns of branching and may have more than 2 branches in 18% of cases. In 19% of cases, there is cross-circulation between both sides through the nasal blood supply. Conclusion: Angiographic study of the nose is a very helpful tool for accurate knowledge of anatomical variations of the arteries with a tremendous effect on our surgical approaches and techniques for the management of different diseases in the nasal region, especially intractable posterior epistaxis.
Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Chen Yi-Ju , Yeung Ling , Sun Chi-Chin , Huang Chien-Chieh , Chen Kuo-Su , Lu Yi-Hsuan
Published: October 2018

Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an important cause of blindness in aged people. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was reported to be associated with a higher risk of AMD. However, supporting evidence was inconsistent between studies. This work intends to examine whether a positive association exists between CKD and AMD by systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: A systematic search of electronic databases (Medline, PubMed, Cochrane and EMBASE) and reference lists on June 2017. The key inclusion criteria were controlled trials that investigated the relationship between AMD and CKD. The outcome measures included risk ratios and/or occurrence rates of AMD in CKD vs. non-CKD population. Data were pooled according to the type of AMD by random effect model. Results: Twelve observational studies (3 cohorts, 2 case controls, and 7 cross-sectionals) with a total 335,601 participants were included. Eleven studies reported risk ratios and 9 reported occurrence rates. Pooled prevalence for early, advanced, and any AMD were all higher in the CKD population than in the non-CKD population. The pooled multivariate adjusted OR of CKD vs. non-CKD was 1.49 (95% CI 1.11–2.02) for early, 1.55 (95% CI 1.05–2.27) for exudative, 1.58 (95% CI 1.12–2.23) for advanced, and 1.35 (95% CI 1.05–1.73) for any AMD. However, high statistical heterogeneity and methodological diversity existed. Moreover, results were inconsistent between different study designs. Conclusions: The overall results support a positive association between CKD and AMD, although some limitations exist. Given the risk that AMD is increased in CKD, regular eye screenings for the CKD population is recommended for an early detection and intervention.
Acarine biocontrol agents Neoseiulus californicus sensu Athias-Henriot (1977) and N. barkeri Hughes (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) redescribed, their synonymies assessed, and the identity of N. californicus (McGregor) clarified based on examination of types
Authors: BEAULIEU FRÉDÉRIC , BEARD JENNIFER J.
Published: October 2018

In 1954, McGregor described two species of phytoseiids from lemon, in California, USA: Typhlodromus californicus McGregor and T. mungeri McGregor, the former represented by one male, and the latter by two females. Since its description, T. mungeri was synonymised under T. californicus, and the name T. (now Neoseiulus) californicus has been used extensively to represent a species that is now commonly used as a biocontrol agent of crop pests worldwide. However, the true identity of the biocontrol agent is uncertain because the original descriptions of T. californicus and T. mungeri were not adequate enough to allow an irrefutable identification, with each description being based on specimens of a single sex. An examination of the types of N. californicus and N. mungeri revealed that they are morphologically identical to the male and female of N. barkeri Hughes, 1948, respectively, and that they are in fact junior synonyms of N. barkeri—and are therefore distinct from the biocontrol agent globally called N. californicus (sensu Athias-Henriot, 1977; see Griffiths, 2015). This is further supported by a comparison with male and female syntypes of N. barkeri, as well as other specimens of N. barkeri including some collected from the type host in the vicinity of the type location (i.e. lemon in southern California, 1952–1958). We redescribe the male and female of both N. barkeri and N. californicus sensu Athias-Henriot (1977), based on representative specimens from at least 14 and 19 populations, respectively. Based on examination of types, we confirm the synonymy of N. mckenziei (Schuster & Pritchard, 1963), N. picketti (Specht, 1968), and N. oahuensis (Prasad, 1968) with N. barkeri, and that the names N. chilenensis (Dosse, 1958b) and N. wearnei (Schicha, 1987) represent the same species as N. californicus sensu Athias-Henriot (1977). We also provide a hypothesis as to why Chant (1959) had erroneously synonymised T. californicus and T. mungeri under T. marinus (Willmann). Finally, we suggest maintaining the prevailing usage of the name N. californicus (McGregor) for the species concept of Athias-Henriot (1977) as followed by subsequent authors, through submission of a separate application to the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN). In the meantime, the current meaning of N. californicus should be maintained until a ruling by the ICZN is made on the application.
A new species of Crocodile Newt Tylototriton (Caudata: Salamandridae) from Shan State, Myanmar (Burma)
Authors: GRISMER L. LEE , WOOD PERRY L. JUNIOR , QUAH EVAN S. H. , THURA MYINT KYAW , ESPINOZA ROBERT E. , GRISMER MARTA S. , MURDOCH MATTHEW L. , LIN AUNG
Published: October 2018

A phylogenetic taxonomic analysis of a monophyletic subgroup of the salamandrid genus Tylototriton revealed that a newly discovered population from Ngar Su Village, 1 km south of Ywangan, Shan State, Myanmar is a new species and most closely related to T. shanorum from approximately 80 km to the west in the vicinity of Taunggyi, Shan State. Tylototriton ngarsuensis sp. nov. differs from other closely related species of Tylototriton on basis of varying combinations of characteristics associated with it shorter head, larger size, rib nodule morphology, and overall drab, very dark, coloration, along with its genetic differentiation. Tylototriton ngarsuensis sp. nov. also appears to breed later in the year than most other species. Unfortunately, this species like many other Asian newts, is being harvested for the pet and medicinal trade and given its restricted distribution, this could pose a serious threat to its long-term survival.
The Spectral Dimension of Modeled Relative Humidity Feedbacks in the CMIP5 Experiments
Authors: Pan Fang , Huang Xianglei
Published: October 2018

The spectral radiative kernel technique is used to derive spectrally resolved relative humidity (RH) feedbacks for 16 GCMs that participated in CMIP5. Examining spectral and spatial details of these RH feedbacks leads to three findings. First, while the global average of broadband RH feedbacks is close to zero for all the GCMs, there exist wide discrepancies in the spectral details among the GCMs. Second, the spatial pattern of the RH feedbacks varies with spectral frequency; for a given frequency, the spatial feedback pattern correlates well with the spatial pattern of RH changes over the vertical layer to which the top-of-atmosphere spectral flux at the same frequency is most sensitive. Third, the nearly zero global average of broadband RH feedback is a result of spatial compensation and spectral compensation. Since GCMs have produced consistent RH feedbacks and RH changes to a large extent in the high latitudes, the tropical Atlantic, and the deep tropical Pacific, radiative RH kernels are further used to infer mean changes in RH vertical profiles from spectral RH feedbacks averaged over the three broad regions. Good agreements are demonstrated by comparing such inferences against the actual RH changes in the GCMs. This study suggests that the spectral dimension of RH feedback could provide an additional constraint to climate models and the understanding of vertical features of RH changes when they are obtainable from future observations.
Observation-Based Decomposition of Radiative Perturbations and Radiative Kernels
Authors: Thorsen Tyler J. , Kato Seiji , Loeb Norman G. , Rose Fred G.
Published: October 2018

The Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES)–partial radiative perturbation [PRP (CERES-PRP)] methodology applies partial-radiative-perturbation-like calculations to observational datasets to directly isolate the individual cloud, atmospheric, and surface property contributions to the variability of the radiation budget. The results of these calculations can further be used to construct radiative kernels. A suite of monthly mean observation-based inputs are used for the radiative transfer, including cloud properties from either the diurnally resolved passive-sensor-based CERES synoptic (SYN) data or the combination of the CloudSat cloud radar and Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) lidar. The CloudSat/CALIPSO cloud profiles are incorporated via a clustering method that obtains monthly mean cloud properties suitable for accurate radiative transfer calculations. The computed fluxes are validated using the TOA fluxes observed by CERES. Applications of the CERES-PRP methodology are demonstrated by computing the individual contributions to the variability of the radiation budget over multiple years and by deriving water vapor radiative kernels. The calculations for the former are used to show that an approximately linear decomposition of the total flux anomalies is achieved. The observation-based water vapor kernels were used to investigate the accuracy of the GCM-based NCAR CAM3.0 water vapor kernel. Differences between our observation-based kernel and the NCAR one are marginally larger than those inferred by previous comparisons among different GCM kernels.
Vertical Profiles of the Wave-Induced Airflow above Ocean Surface Waves
Authors: Grare Laurent , Lenain Luc , Melville W. Kendall
Published: October 2018

An analysis of coherent measurements of winds and waves from data collected during the ONR Southern California 2013 (SoCal2013) program from R/P FLIP off the coast of Southern California in November 2013 is presented. An array of ultrasonic anemometers mounted on a telescopic mast was deployed to resolve the vertical profile of the modulation of the marine atmospheric boundary layer by the waves. Spectral analysis of the data provides the wave-induced components of the wind velocity for various wind-wave conditions. Results show that the wave-induced fluctuations depend both on the spectral wave age and the normalized height , where c is the linear phase speed of the waves with wavenumber k and is the mean wind speed measured at the height z. The dependence on the spectral wave age expresses the sensitivity of the wave-induced airflow to the critical layer where . Across the critical layer, there is a significant change of both the amplitude and phase of the wave-induced fluctuations. Below the critical layer, the phase remains constant while the amplitude decays exponentially depending on the normalized height. Accounting for this double dependency, the nondimensionalization of the amplitude of the wave-induced fluctuations by the surface orbital velocity collapses all the data measured by the array of sonic anemometers, where a is the amplitude of the waves.
The Centralisation of the Chinese Communist Party’s Campaign against Corruption and Its Implications
Authors: Chan Fung , Sun Biyang
Published: October 2018

Following the initiation of the policy of ‘Reform and Open Door’, the possibilities for public officials to trade power for private gain in China increased. To tackle the problem of corruption, different levels of Discipline Inspection Commissions (DICs) in the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) initiated investigation related to various corruption cases. However, due to the nature of the administrative set-up in China, the local DICs could not effectively carry out their functions. As a result, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI) was compelled to take on a bigger role, including controlling personnel appointments in local DICs and dispatching inspection teams to local jurisdictions. This strategy also enabled the central government and the top leadership of the CCP to build up a positive image with respect to fighting corruption. Nevertheless, the discretionary power of the top party leaders that has been enhanced through these centralisation measures leads to doubts over the real motives behind the CCP’s anti-corruption efforts. In March 2018, the National Supervision Commission (NSC) was established as the highest governmental anti-corruption agency, but more time is needed to judge the effectiveness of this new institution.
The influence of titanium addition on wettability of high-chromium white cast iron-matrix composites
Authors: Madzivhandila Takalani , Bhero Shepherd , Varachia Farouk
Published: October 2018

The mining industry exerts ever increasing demand for components with high wear resistance to the extent that plain ferrous alloys are falling short. Innovative metal-matrix composites non-ferrous metals have been widely researched and used. Casting composites based on ferrous alloys pose monumental challenges in casting. First, the density differential results in large buoyant forces on the ceramic such that unless a rigid structure is configured, the less dense ceramic floats on the metal stream. Second, the poor wetting properties between metal and ceramic will result in inferior bonding of the matrix, hence separation of solids in service. The paper attempts to improve the bonding characteristics of zirconia and alumina through wettability studies. High-chromium white cast iron was used as a substrate. The wetting behavior of molten iron on the substrates of zirconia and alumina was investigated. The study shows that alumina is poorly wetted with copper and nickel; the wetting angles were higher than 90°. Thus, the envisaged coating of alumina with copper or nickel prior to casting of ferrous melts will not significantly alter or improve wettability of alumina. Between copper and nickel, nickel has better bonding with alumina than copper. Titanium in high-chromium white cast iron was found to improve the wetting characteristics on alumina. The wetting angle decreased with increased titanium content.
Urban everyday politics: Politicising practices and the transformation of the here and now
Authors: Beveridge Ross , Koch Philippe
Published: October 2018

This article responds to both ongoing urban practices and strands of urban theory by arguing for a (re-)turn to the everyday as a means of thinking about antagonism and political possibility. We examine how the everyday might be conceived politically and wonder what it is about the current conjuncture that is fuelling the reimagining of the political possibility of the urban. We develop the category of urban everyday politics to capture the politicised everyday practices observable in our towns and cities: collective, organised and strategic practices that articulate a political antagonism embedded in, but breaking with, urban everyday life through altering socio-spatial relations. While we make no empirical claims about the current impact of this form of politics, we assert the political potential of viewing the everyday as a source, stake and site of dissensus in current urban conditions. Politicising the urban everyday offers, we conclude, a strategy for transformative politics, one in which the state recedes from view, micropolitical action is transcended and democratic possibilities lie in the transformation of the urban here and now.
Altered hemodynamics contribute to local but not remote functional connectivity disruption due to glioma growth
Authors: Orukari Inema E , Siegel Joshua S , Warrington Nicole M , Baxter Grant A , Bauer Adam Q , Shimony Joshua S , Rubin Joshua B , Culver Joseph P
Published: October 2018

Glioma growth can cause pervasive changes in the functional connectivity (FC) of brain networks, which has been associated with re-organization of brain functions and development of functional deficits in patients. Mechanisms underlying functional re-organization in brain networks are not understood and efforts to utilize functional imaging for surgical planning, or as a biomarker of functional outcomes are confounded by the heterogeneity in available human data. Here we apply multiple imaging modalities in a well-controlled murine model of glioma with extensive validation using human data to explore mechanisms of FC disruption due to glioma growth. We find gliomas cause both local and distal changes in FC. FC changes in networks proximal to the tumor occur secondary to hemodynamic alterations but surprisingly, remote FC changes are independent of hemodynamic mechanisms. Our data strongly implicate hemodynamic alterations as the main driver of local changes in measurements of FC in patients with glioma.
A New Reading of Shiphrah and Puah – Recovering their Voices
Authors: Janssen Rosalind
Published: October 2018

Scholars have long debated whether Shiphrah and Puah, the feisty midwives of Exodus 2, were Hebrew or Egyptian. This article takes on the linguistic issue of their ethnicity and the etymology of their names anew, and, as a result, repositions them within Egyptian archaeological space. Situating them as Hebrew overseers of midwives within the central royal harem solves many of the problems of the biblical text while fully preserving its original ambiguity. A secondary objective is to recover yet more of their agency as midwives and their voice as tricksters within the context of both the Exodus account and Near Eastern culture in general. As a result, Shiphrah and Puah are redefined as powerful Israelite prophetesses, rather than lowly uneducated women, who boldly trick mighty Pharaoh with a double entendre retort. We finally propose a new linguistic reading of the denouement: their reward from God.
The Hebrew Goddess Asherah in the Greek Septuagint
Authors: Worthington Richard
Published: October 2018

When reading the Hebrew Bible, it is clear that the goddess Asherah is given a negative image. There are some fascinating probable misreadings, including one showing that she once might have had a more exalted role: in Deuteronomy 33:2 at the Lord’s right hand there was a ‘fiery law’, or was it ‘Asherah’? However, it appears that the Greek Septuagint preserves some additional references to Asherah which are surprisingly positive. In some of the places examined Asherah can confidently be assumed to be underneath the Greek word for ‘grove’ (the traditional rendering of ‘Asherah’). Additionally, there are places where Asherah does not occur but the Greek translation gives us evidence that the word Asherah was there originally. Finally, two ‘goddess passages’ (Ezekiel 8 and Jeremiah 44) are shown to have significantly different emphases regarding Asherah when read in the Greek or other ancient translations. 1
Letters from Libman: Dispatches from an American Abroad
Authors: Pinnelas Rebecca
Published: October 2018

American physician Emanuel Libman (1872–1946) was a generalist with Sherlockian diagnostic skills (“secret-divining eyes” according to Einstein) whose achievements were recognized by the scientific community and the public. Personal aspects of Libman were revealed in an oral history conducted with psychiatrist George L. Engel, a nephew who was raised in his house, and show Libman to be an intensely private person, contrasting with the image of him as a mentor and teacher. Yet Libman as a young physician and investigator remains absent in these opposing biographical reflections. His papers housed at the National Library of Medicine contain a series of letters sent home from his year of postgraduate study in Europe in 1897. These letters, which have not been previously described in the medical literature, create a window into the experiences of a young American physician abroad. Libman’s letters create a framework for understanding a typical European course of study for American physicians while tracing his career and personal development. Specifically, his correspondence highlights foundational experiences in bacteriology and pathology and explores his encounters with European anti-Semitism. The letters reveal a young doctor interested in history and sightseeing, awed by medical luminaries, concerned about establishing a career, and increasingly aware of intolerance.
William Rutherford Sanders (1828–1881), anatomist, physician, linguist and museum conservator
Authors: Gardner Dugald
Published: October 2018

William Rutherford Sanders spent a childhood and early student days divided between Edinburgh and Montpelier, France before graduating in Medicine in Edinburgh. An early interest in the spleen was encouraged by a two-year period in Europe where he became familiar with the work of Helmholtz, Bernard and Henle. Returning to Edinburgh, his growing experience led to the position of assistant in the Infirmary pathology department. He conducted classes in the University of Edinburgh and on behalf of the Royal Colleges became familiar with the museum of the Royal College of Surgeons where he was chosen as Conservator in 1853. Criticised by 20th century historians for concentrating on verbal teaching rather than on the conservation of the museum, Sanders became a consultant physician to the Royal Infirmary in 1861 and in 1869 Professor of General Pathology. Throughout these years, Sanders gave as much time as possible to the study of the structure and function of the spleen and to neurological disorders such as hemiplegia. His later life was interrupted by a series of illnesses commencing with an abdominal abscess. A prolonged convalescence allowed the resumption of work but deranged vision and hemiplegia preceded his death on 18 February 1881.
The Medicalization of Poverty: A Dose of Theory
Authors: Hyman David A.
Published: October 2018

Is the medicalization of poverty a rational and humane response to an intractable problem, or just the latest in a long series of ineffective and costly attempts to address the problem? Considerable ink has been spilled on the dispute, with each side marshalling heart-rending anecdotes to help make their case — along with the obligatory statistics and regression analyses. Rather than add more verbiage to that dispute, this article sketches out a framework for understanding the phenomenon of medicalization, along with a description of the demand-side and supply-side factors that have brought us to this pass.
Housing: A Case for The Medicalization of Poverty
Authors: Webb B. Cameron , Matthew Dayna Bowen
Published: October 2018

“Medicalization” has been a contentious notion since its introduction centuries ago. While some scholars lamented a medical overreach into social domains, others hailed its promise for social justice advocacy. Against the backdrop of a growing commitment to health equity across the nation, this article reviews historical interpretations of medicalization, offers an application of the term to non-biologic risk factors for disease, and presents the case of housing the demonstrate the great potential of medicalizing poverty.
Medical-Legal Partnership: Lessons from Five Diverse MLPs in New Haven, Connecticut
Authors: Benfer Emily A. , Gluck Abbe R. , Kraschel Katherine L.
Published: October 2018

This article examines five different Medical-Legal Partnerships (MLPs) associated with Yale Law School in New Haven, Connecticut to illustrate how MLP addresses the social determinants of poor health. These MLPs address varied and distinct health and legal needs of unique patient populations, including: 1) children; 2) immigrants; 3) formerly incarcerated individuals; 4) patients with cancer in palliative care; and 5) veterans. The article charts a research agenda to create the evidence base for quality and evaluation metrics, capacity building, sustainability, and best practices; it also focuses specifically on a research agenda that identifies the value of the lawyers in MLP. Such a focus on the “L” has been lacking and is overdue.
Family Caregiving and the Intergenerational Transmission of Poverty
Authors: Kaplan Richard L.
Published: October 2018

The United States relies on uncompensated family caregivers to provide most of the long-term care required by older adults as they age. But such care comes at a significant financial cost to these caregivers in the form of lower lifetime earnings and diminished (or even no) Social Security retirement benefits, ineligibility for Medicare coverage of their healthcare costs, and minimal retirement savings. To reduce the impact of uncompensated caregiving on the intergenerational transmission of poverty, this paper discusses three possible mechanisms of compensating family caregivers: public payments, deemed wage credits under Social Security, and income tax incentives.
A Bottom-Up Approach to Understanding Low-Income Patients: Implications for Health-Related Policy
Authors: Viswanathan Madhu , Duncan Ronald , Grigortsuk Maria , Sreekumar Arun
Published: October 2018

A bottom-up approach grounded in micro-level understanding of the thinking, feeling, behavioral, and social aspects of living with low income and associated low literacy can lead to greater understanding and improvement of interactions in the health arena. This paper draws on what we have learned about marketplace interactions in subsistence economies to inform innovations in medical education, design and delivery of healthcare for lowincome patients, outreach education, and future micro-level research at the human-healthcare interface.
Motherhood, Abortion, and the Medicalization of Poverty
Authors: Oberman Michelle
Published: October 2018

This article considers the impact of laws and policies that determine who experiences unplanned pregnancy, who has abortions, and how economic status shapes one's response to unplanned pregnancy. There is a well-documented correlation between abortion and poverty: poor women have more abortions than do their richer sisters. Equally well-documented is the correlation between unplanned pregnancy and poverty. Finally, the high cost of motherhood for poor women and their offspring manifests in disproportionately high lifelong rates of poverty, ill-health and mortality for offspring and mothers, alike. Read together, these factors offer a vivid illustration of the medicalization of poverty.
The Over-Medicalization and Corrupted Medicalization of Abortion and its Effect on Women Living in Poverty
Authors: Shepherd Lois , Turner Hilary D.
Published: October 2018

Many current abortion regulations represent an over-medicalization of abortion or a corruption of abortion's true medical nature, with disproportionate consequences to women with lower incomes and lesser means. This article explores the effects of unnecessary and harmful abortion restrictions on women living in poverty. A brief summary of the major abortion rights cases explains how the Constitution, as currently interpreted, vests the government and sometimes the medical profession with the power to protect women's health, rather than granting this power to women themselves. The article then argues for a new approach for protecting women's health and respecting their dignity by reframing reproductive rights as health rights that women themselves can assert.
Reflections on Bipartisan Solutions to Addressing Poverty
Authors: Thompson Tommy
Published: October 2018

This reflection on the Medicalization of Poverty asks how healthcare itself plays a role in the development of poverty. Drawing on Governor Thompson's extensive work reforming the welfare system, the reflection first stresses the importance of involving the very people impacted by any reform — a conscious process Governor Thompson used when pioneering the W-2 program in Wisconsin and then extended to the overhaul of Medicare's prescription drug benefit. Second, it stresses the advantage of developing bipartisan solutions to solve hard problems such as how best to provide affordable healthcare and reduce poverty in the lives of Americans.
Sex is not a problem: The erasure of pleasure in sexual science research
Authors: Jones Angela
Published: October 2018

Guided by feminist and a queer intersectional framework, this article explores the discursive production of sexuality in contemporary sexual science research. Specifically, this article examines the absence of pleasure as a topic in research on human sexuality in the sexual sciences. Articles from 2010 to 2015 were sampled from The Journal of Sex Research (JSR) N = 300 and discourse analysis was performed. Contemporary research on sexuality in this journal focuses on risk, disease, and dysfunction and reinforces heteronormativity. This focus examines sexuality from a limited and negative vantage point and, as a result, does not provide us with a holistic portrait of human sexuality. Researchers must discuss pleasure and should make greater efforts to ensure more inclusivity and diversity around issues of gender, race, nationality, age, and sexual identity. Importantly, I show how the three main focal points of this article (the erasure of sexual pleasure, the reproduction of heteronormativity, and the erasure of marginalized racial, gendered, classed, and sexual identities) are mutually reinforcing. Scholars in the sexual sciences can avoid these issues by using feminist and queer intersectional frameworks. Finally, because the empirical findings of scientific research often inform political policy, healthcare policies, workplace policies, and larger societal understandings of human life and experience, we must appreciate that the limited frameworks used by sexual scientists will have an impact on people’s lives and their access to the resources and services they need to survive, and to lead pleasurable—not just healthy—lives.
Using Comic-Style Posters for Engaging Participants and for Promoting Researcher Reflexivity
Authors: Darnhofer Ika
Published: October 2018

Visual methods, including drawn images such as comics, are receiving increasing attention in qualitative research. Indeed, comics are a highly accessible form of visual data, and through the intermingling of words and images they are well suited to convey the multidimensionality of real life. Drawing on a research project, I reflect on the potential of comic-style posters to engage participants in a workshop setting. The aim was to receive feedback on preliminary results, and the posters were very effective to fuel discussions, thus promoting social sense-making. Moreover, the process of designing the comic posters encouraged reflexivity within the research team. The work of visualizing results spurred discussions and surfaced implicit assumptions tied to methods for analyzing data and communicating results. These experiences indicate the creative potential of comic-style drawings for encouraging a more playful approach to discuss and share results of qualitative research with diverse audiences.
Vestibular Characteristics of Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Brody‐Camp Sabrina , Risey John A. , McCoul Edward D.
Published: October 2018

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common disease entity with symptoms that may extend beyond the sinonasal tract. Limited data exist regarding the relationship between CRS and the vestibular system, and no previous study has investigated the association between objective vestibular findings on videonystagmography (VNG) and the diagnosis of CRS. We analyzed a prospective database of 3078 patients who underwent VNG at our institution over an 8‐year period, which included 70 subjects who had a diagnosis of CRS assigned by an otolaryngologist. Overall, the VNG findings for patients with CRS were similar to those of the general population, with 50% exhibiting normal vestibular function. Peripheral lesions were the most common abnormal VNG finding, with a wide range of subjective symptom descriptions. This preliminary report of the prevalence of objective vestibular findings in patients with CRS may form the basis for future study.
SAR156597 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a phase 2 placebo-controlled study (DRI11772)
Authors: Raghu Ganesh , Richeldi Luca , Crestani Bruno , Wung Peter , Bejuit Raphael , Esperet Corinne , Antoni Christian , Soubrane Christina
Published: October 2018

A phase 2b trial (NCT02345070) was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of two dose levels/regimens of SAR156597 (a bispecific IgG4 antibody that binds and neutralises both circulating interleukin-4 and interleukin-13), in comparison with placebo, administered to patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) over 52 weeks.

DRI11772 was a multinational randomised double-blind placebo-controlled phase 2b trial. Patients aged >40 years with a documented diagnosis of IPF received SAR156597 200 mg once every week (QW), SAR156597 200 mg once every 2 weeks (Q2W) or placebo, over 52 weeks. The primary efficacy end-point was absolute change from baseline in forced vital capacity (FVC) % predicted at 52 weeks.

Of 327 randomised patients, 325 received treatment with placebo (n=109), SAR156597 Q2W (n=108) or SAR156597 QW (n=108). The mean change from baseline in FVC % pred at 52 weeks was –5.8%, –5.2% and –6.3% for the placebo, Q2W and QW arms, respectively (Q2Wversusplacebo, p=0.59; QWversusplacebo, p=0.63). The safety profile observed in the three treatment arms was generally similar, although serious adverse events were more common in the QW arm than in the other arms.

The DRI11772 study failed to demonstrate benefit of SAR156597 in the treatment of IPF.
Life Science Undergraduate Mentors in NE STEM 4U Significantly Outperform Their Peers in Critical Thinking Skills
Authors: Nelson Kari L. , Rauter Claudia M. , Cutucache Christine E.
Published: October 2018

The development of critical thinking skills in recent college graduates is keenly requested by employers year after year. Moreover, improving these skills can help students to better question and analyze data. Consequently, we aimed to implement a training program that would add to the critical thinking skills of undergraduate students: Nebraska Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math 4U (NE STEM 4U). In this program, undergraduates provide outreach, mentoring, and science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education to K–8 students. To determine the impacts of serving as an undergraduate mentor in this program on critical thinking, we compared undergraduate mentors (intervention group) with nonmentor STEM majors (nonintervention, matched group) using the valid and reliable California Critical Thinking Skills Test (CCTST) as a pre/post measurement. Importantly, before the intervention, both NE STEM 4U mentors and nonmentor undergraduates scored similarly overall on the CCTST. However, the posttest, carried out one academic year later, indicated significant gains in critical thinking by the NE STEM 4U mentors compared with the nonmentors. Specifically, the math-related skills of analysis, inference, and numeracy improved significantly in mentors compared with nonmentors.
Impact of Surveillance Imaging Modality on Survival After Recurrence in Patients With Favorable-Histology Wilms Tumor: A Report From the Children’s Oncology Group
Authors: Mullen Elizabeth A. , Chi Yueh-Yun , Hibbitts Emily , Anderson James R. , Steacy Katarina J. , Geller James I. , Green Daniel M. , Khanna Geetika , Malogolowkin Marcio H. , Grundy Paul E. , Fernandez Conrad V. , Dome Jeffrey S.
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The use of computed tomography (CT) for routine surveillance to detect recurrence in patients with Wilms tumor (WT) has increased in recent years. The utility of CT, despite increased risk and cost, to improve outcome for these patients is unknown. We conducted a retrospective analysis with patients enrolled in the fifth National Wilms Tumor Study (NWTS-5) to determine if surveillance with CT correlates with improved overall survival (OS) after recurrence compared with chest x-ray (CXR) and abdominal ultrasound (US).

Patients and Methods

Overall, 281 patients with recurrent unilateral favorable-histology WT were reviewed to assess how WT recurrence was detected: sign/symptoms (SS), surveillance imaging (SI) with CT scan, or SI with CXR/US.

Results

The estimated 5-year OS rate after relapse was 67% (95% CI, 61% to 72%). Twenty-five percent of recurrences were detected with SS; 48.5%, with CXR/US; and 26.5%, with CT. Patients with SS had a 5-year OS rate of 59% (95% CI, 46% to 72%) compared with 70% (95% CI, 63% to 77%; P = .23) for those detected by SI. Recurrences detected by CT had a shorter median time from diagnosis to recurrence (0.60 years) compared with SS (0.91 years) or CXR/US (0.86 years; P = .003). For recurrences detected by SI, more tumor foci at relapse ( P < .001) and size of the largest focus greater than 2 cm ( P = .02) were associated with inferior OS. However, there was no difference in OS after relapse when recurrence was detected by CT versus CXR/US (5-year OS rate, 65% v 73%; P = .20).

Conclusion

In patients with favorable-histology WT, elimination of CT scans from surveillance programs is unlikely to compromise survival but would result in substantial reduction in radiation exposure and health care costs.
Regulation of actin-based apical structures on epithelial cells
Authors: Pelaseyed Thaher , Bretscher Anthony
Published: October 2018

Cells of transporting epithelia are characterized by the presence of abundant F-actin-based microvilli on their apical surfaces. Likewise, auditory hair cells have highly reproducible rows of apical stereocilia (giant microvilli) that convert mechanical sound into an electrical signal. Analysis of mutations in deaf patients has highlighted the critical components of tip links between stereocilia, and related structures that contribute to the organization of microvilli on epithelial cells have been found. Ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) proteins, which are activated by phosphorylation, provide a critical link between the plasma membrane and underlying actin cytoskeleton in surface structures. Here, we outline recent insights into how microvilli and stereocilia are built, and the roles of tip links. Furthermore, we highlight how ezrin is locally regulated by phosphorylation, and that this is necessary to maintain polarity. Localized phosphorylation is achieved through an intricate coincidence detection mechanism that requires the membrane lipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] and the apically localized ezrin kinase, lymphocyte-oriented kinase (LOK, also known as STK10) or Ste20-like kinase (SLK). We also discuss how ezrin-binding scaffolding proteins regulate microvilli and how, despite these significant advances, it remains to be discovered how the cell polarity program ultimately interfaces with these processes.
On the Procedure For Algorithms Using In Solving Descriptive Geometry Tasks
Authors: Бойков Алексей , Boykov Aleksey , Сидоров А. , Sidorov A. , Федотов А. , Fedotov A.
Published: October 2018

In this paper the urgent problem of the formal approach to the teaching of descriptive geometry (DG) has been formulated. The authors consider the algorithm concept and approaches to formal description of methods (algorithms) for tasks solving. It is emphasized that the known methods for creating and presenting of algorithms for DG tasks solving do not reflect all possibilities of algorithmization as it is. In the third section the authors, in examples, emphasize the complexity of DG tasks solutions algorithmization. The diversity of solutions for one or another DG task is noted depending on location of initial figures that requires a suitable context analysis in solving, and, as a consequence, the algorithm choice. It is pointed out that the reason for this is different ways for expressing of figures’ geometric properties by means of drawing. General algorithms for applying the method of loci and geometric transformations to tasks solving are considered. From the loci position have been considered two basic tasks of DG: plotting a point drawing in the coordinates, and a perpendicular to the plane. The method of loci importance is emphasized in view of algorithms compilation simplicity and wide possibilities for tasks solving. The authors note that algorithmization does not reduce the importance of geometry knowledge or understanding of the tasks geometric content and used methods, but emphasizes the importance of the first stage for tasks solving — the stage of analysis at which basic decisions are made and its method is chosen. In conclusion it is emphasized that in the practice related to solving of DG educational tasks it is optimal to apply the algorithmization in point, as it enables to structure the course, operate with compact algorithms, and introduce automated technologies of constructive geometric modeling.
IMMIGRATION PROCESSES AS A FACTOR IN THE SOCIO-CULTURAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
Authors: Солодова Галина , Solodova Galina
Published: October 2018

The article proposes a review of the system of secondary school education from the point of view of foreign cultural immigration. The work of the teacher. The factors hindering the integration of immigrant children into the host society are highlighted
"Above and beyond" as an instrument of influence and support: sverhprovodimost, sverhdorogie, performance
Authors: Харченко Вера , Harchenko Vera
Published: October 2018

The words with the component over as possible instruments of influence on society through influence on its members are analyzed. Discusses the functioning of words sverhprovodimost, sverhdorogie. There are 33 ways to improve performance.
International financial reporting standards
Authors: Петров Александр , Pyetrov Alyeksandr
Published: October 2018

The material of the textbook is systematized by topics and covers a full range of issues related to International financial reporting standards.
The textbook contains requirements for the results of the development of the discipline, the program, the theme of practical and seminar classes, forms of independent work, control issues and evaluation system, educational and methodological support of the discipline. The textbook is illustrated with tables, figures, accounting schemes, examples of practical situations. In each Chapter there are control questions; also in the edition tests and options of the correct answers are given.
The textbook is written with the information support of ATP "ConsultantPlus". Normative legal documents are relevant as of 01.01.2018.
It corresponds to the Federal state educational standard of higher education of the last generation.
It is intended for students of higher educational institutions studying in the direction of "Master of Economics".