bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Definition And Significance Of ‘Intoxication’ In Australian Criminal Law: A Case Study Of Queensland’s ‘Safe Night Out’ Legislation
Authors: Quilter Julia , McNamara Luke , Seear Kate , Room Robin
Published: June 2016

Australian criminal law is being actively reconfigured in an effort to produce a more effective response to the problem of alcohol-related violence. This article uses the Safe Night Out Legislation Amendment Act 2014 (Qld) as a case study for two purposes: i) to introduce a set of conceptual tools and typologies that can be used to investigate the relationship between ‘intoxication’ and criminal law; and ii) to raise a number of concerns about how the effects of alcohol and other drugs are implicated in laws governing police powers, criminal responsibility and punishment. We draw attention to the different and sometimes inconsistent ways in which significance is attached to evidence of the consumption of alcohol and other drugs, as well as to variations and ambiguities in how legislation attempts to capture the degree of impairment or effects that are regarded as warranting the attachment of criminal law significance.
Until Fraud Do Us Part: Reconciling Joint Tenancy and the Torrens Land System in Cassegrain v Gerard Cassegrain & Co Pty Ltd
Authors: Gorton Timothy Brendan
Published: June 2016

 

In early 2015, the High Court of Australia decided Cassegrain v Gerard Cassegrain & Co Pty Ltd, relating to the fraudulent registration of a joint tenancy under Torrens legislation. The Court unanimously criticised the methods employed by lower courts in interpreting New South Wales’ Torrens legislation (and its ‘protection of purchasers’ provision) and in determining the existence and scope of an agency relationship. However, the Court split on the question of whether an innocent joint tenant had their interest rendered defeasible by reason of their co-joint tenant’s fraud. This article reviews and analyses in particular the Court’s evaluation and treatment of the legal principles of joint tenancy.

 

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Esophageal Surgeries in Systemic sclerosis (SSc) - A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Suliman Yossra , Srinivasan Sachin , Maish Mary S. , Federer Lisa M. , Furst Daniel E.
Published: June 2016

Objectives

In some patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), esophageal symptoms can be severe enough to warrant surgical intervention; however, no single procedure seems to predominate because there exists no published rationale for the choice of a particular procedure. We did a systematic literature review of all published trials involving patients with SSc requiring esophageal surgery and compared their relative outcomes and complications.

Methods

All articles (excluding review articles) describing esophageal surgeries in SSc patients published between 1965 and November 2015 were reviewed. A minimum of 12 weeks’ follow-up was also needed for inclusion. Primary outcome measures were improvement of patient- and/or physician-described reduction in heartburn, reflux or dysphagia. Complications related and unrelated to the procedure were also evaluated.

Results

Ten articles satisfied selection criteria. A total of 119 patients, all ≥18 years of age, were included from the 10 articles selected Excluding the 1-2 patient case reports, favorable responses were seen in 30%-81% of patients. Complications were varied and differed from series to series

Conclusions

The efficacy of the procedure and the specific surgical approach to use remains based on anecdotal data. There is clearly a need for careful, controlled studies in uniform groups of SSc patients before being able to rationally recommend esophageal surgery for dysphagia/heartburn in SSc.
Metastatic cutaneous epithelioid hemangioendothelioma involving right atrium - a case report
Authors: Mosenye Sandy Mpho , Daimari Rahul , Sharma Neha , Chikanda Princess Lelani , Zhou Feng , Rwegerera Godfrey Mutashambara
Published: June 2016

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a rare vascular endothelial tumour with unpredictable malignant potential. The common sites involved are the lung, liver and soft tissues; with cardiac involvement being a very rare occurrence. The diagnosis of this rare vascular tumor is made by typical histopathological findings and confirmed by specific immunohistochemistry. We present a case of a patient with a long standing painless scalp lesion who presented with pulmonary symptoms and ultimately diagnosed to have metastatic cutaneous EHE involving the lungs, pericardium and right atrium.
Differences in Entrepreneurial Skills of College Students in the Mexican Intercultural Context
Authors: Nunez Ramirez Marco Alberto , Wendlandt Amezaga Teodoro Rafael , Alvarez Medina Maria Trinidad , Ortega Arreola Jorge
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this study is to describe the development of entrepreneurial skills of college students in the intercultural context of Mexico. By a non-probability sampling method, a sample of 120 students from an intercultural institution of higher education in the Southeastern Mexico was selected, from which two groups (Indigenous and Mestizos) were obtained to perform the corresponding statistical analyses. The first group was integrated by indigenous students (n = 55) and the second group by mestizos (n = 65). For data analysis, the Student t test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used. The results showed no significant differences in the entrepreneurial skills between both groups. However, significant differences were obtained when considering the educational programs offered by the intercultural institution, where the program in sustainable rural development was the one that obtained a higher level regarding the development of entrepreneurial skills. This research contributes with empirical evidence to the knowledge on interculturality in this country.
Are the Functional Factors of Human Resource Management Subsisting in the Ready-Made Garments (RMG) of Bangladesh? Theory Conflicts with Reality
Authors: Niluthpaul Sarker , Khaled Hossain S. M. , Kohinur Mia Md.
Published: June 2016

The Ready-made Garments sector (RMG) of Bangladesh is really a flaring one. However it is a burning and varied tale. This study is designed to test whether the functional factors of HRM in garments sector is really exist or not. The study portrait that, most of the garments violate the proper human resource management practices contrast with theoretical framework. The study also suggest that the government as well as all the concerned authority should come forward with considerable efforts to ensure proper human resource management practices for smooth running and sustainable development in this sector which will result in overall economic development of Bangladesh.
The Trojan Horse of International Markets: Manipulating Websites in Access Economy
Authors: Al-Oraij Elham Mohammed , Al-Aali Abdulrahman
Published: June 2016

The concept of access economy is relatively new, evolving at the beginning of 2015 from the sharing economy concept. Further, it marks a new trend in the business world. Building on the work of Mazaheri et al. (2014), this paper aims to expand the proposed model to the access economy world. This paper has two goals: to uncover more elements of the new access economy enterprises, and to further falsify the findings of Mazaheri et al. (2014) model. With the help of the access economy principals, it was possible to expand the model to the access economy domain. Limitations and areas for future research are discussed afterwards.
The Effect of Value Added Tax on Corporate Cash Flow in Ghana
Authors: Salia Hussein
Published: June 2016

This study investigated whether there is a relationship between value added tax (VAT) and corporate cash flow. In order to conduct the study, corporate entities registered with the Large Tax Payer Unit (LTU) of the Ghana Revenue Authority (GRA) were selected, and data from January 1, 2009, through December 31, 2011, were analyzed. The purpose of this study was to establish if there is a statistically significant relationship between VAT and corporate cash flow. Apart from providing empirical evidence of VAT effect on corporate cash flow, the study was expected to establish the major tax and corporate policy implications to decision makers. This will aid governments in making a choice between VAT and corporate tax—as sufficient literature on the effect of corporate income tax (CIT) on organizational cash flow already exists. The findings clearly suggested that there is a statistically significant difference in cash flow patterns between organizations that pay VAT and entities that do not pay VAT. The study further established that, apart from sales, all other selected independent variables had a negative relationship with VAT. However, the findings contradicted the assertion that the VAT burden is fully borne by only the final consumer. researcher on the factors influencing employees’ performance.
Venture Capital Firms’ Specialization, Differences and Complementarities
Authors: Siddiqui Asif , Marinova Dora , Hossain Amzad
Published: June 2016

The paper analyses the differences in venture capital (VC) firms, proposes a classification of the firms and
empirically investigates their investment and co-investment behaviour. The VC firms are not homogeneous and beside funds they possess a diverse set of nonfinancial resources which they optimize. A classification is developed based on VC firm resources and specialization represented by organizational form and affiliation. Based on Australian market data, we classify the VC firms in three categories, namely strategic, financial and independent using resource based theory, and highlight differences. Then the firms’ specialization is related to their portfolio characteristics to identify and analyse differences and complementarities in terms of investment strategies. The influence of specialization in investment and co-investment strategies is also analysed. This study shows that specialization influences investment decisions and co-investor selection. Implications of such investment practices on resource efficiency, financial viability and transition to sustainability are also discussed.
Micrometeorological environments and biodiversity in a closed forest and at a tree-fall gap in central Amazonia.
Authors: Tsuchiya Akio , Tanaka Akira
Published: June 2016

Micrometeorological parameters were measured in a closed forest (CF) and at a tree-fall gap (LG) near Novo Aripuanã, AM, along the Madeira River in dry season (August to September 2003) and rainy season (March 2004), and were compared to the number of species per family and the number of seedlings obtained from forest inventory. The daily averages of net radiation (W/m2) between CF and LG were 9.5:168.0 during dry season and 3.6:125.9 during rainy season, and these averages were influenced by the difference in shortwave radiation between the sites (CFPourouma, Parkia, Tachigalia, and Orbignya, meanwhile genera peculiar to closed forests (Protium, Chrysophyllum, Micropholis) were also found.
Crescimento e qualidade de mudas de Pinus taeda L. submetidas à poda química de raízes.
Authors: Rossi Vera Lucia , Amarante Cassandro Vidal Talamini do , Fleig Frederico Dimas
Published: June 2016

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da poda química de raízes com sulfato de cobre, oxicloreto de cobre e ethefon (ácido 2-cloroetilfosfônico) sobre o crescimento e qualidade de mudas de Pinus taeda L. produzidas em tubetes. Os tratamentos à base de sulfato de cobre ou oxicloreto de cobre foram feitos nos tubetes (antes da sua utilização para preenchimento com substrato e semeadura), por meio da sua imersão em uma mistura de partes iguais de água e tinta látex comum, contendo 0, 12, 24, 36 e 48g de cobre L-1 de solução (tinta + água). O ethefon foi aplicado via aérea em mudas com 10-15cm de altura nas concentrações de 0, 50, 75, 100 e 125 mg (i.a.) L-1. Foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos ao acaso com cinco repetições. Considerando as fontes de cobre testadas, apenas o sulfato de cobre ocasionou redução significativa na massa seca total do sistema radicular, pela inibição do desenvolvimento de raízes secundárias, bem como no diâmetro do colo e na altura e massa secada parte aérea, com o aumento da dose aplicada. O incremento nas doses de sulfato de cobre ocasionou aumento maior na concentração de cobre presente no substrato em relação ao oxicloreto de cobre. O incremento nas doses de oxicloreto de cobre não causou redução na massa seca total do sistema radicular, mas promoveu aumento no número de raízes secundárias, concentradas especialmente nas porções mediana e superior do sistema radicular. O sulfato de cobre reduziu a emissão de raízes laterais, o mesmo fato não ocorrendo com o oxicloreto de cobre. Dessa forma, o incremento nas doses de oxicloreto de cobre parece apresentar efeito positivo em relação ao sulfato de cobre, já que um sistema radicular com maior número de raízes secundárias curtas é desejável visando estabelecimento das mudas a campo. O incremento nas doses de ethefon pulverizado na parte aérea das mudas ocasionou aumento significativo no acúmulo de massa seca de raiz primária e no número de raízes secundárias presentes nas porções mediana (efeito linear) e inferior (efeito quadrático) do sistema radicular. Não houve efeito de dose do ethefon sobre os demais atributos de crescimento analisados.
Produção de serapilheira e transferência de nutrientes em área de segunda rotação com floresta de Pinus taeda L. no município de Cambará do Sul, RS.
Authors: Schumacher Mauro Valdir , Viera Márcio , Witschoreck Rudi
Published: June 2016

Objetivou-se avaliar a transferência de serapilheira e nutrientes das copas ao solo em área de segunda rotação com floresta de Pinus taeda L. num período de 3 anos (5o ao 7o ano de idade) no município de Cambará do Sul, RS. Para tanto, foram alocadas três parcelas de 48 m x 50 m, cada uma com cinco coletores de 1 m2. Todo material depositado foi coletado mensalmente entre abril de 2004 e março de 2007. Após cada coleta, o material foi identificado e levado para o laboratório de Ecologia Florestal da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria onde posteriormente foi seco em estufa, pesado, moído e analisado quimicamente quanto aos teores de macro e micronutrientes. A deposição média anual de serapilheira foi de 4.519,1 kg ha-1, mostrando-se variável no decorrer dos três anos de estudos. O aporte total de macronutrientes ao solo, em kg ha-1 ano-1, foi de: 28,7 de Ca; 27,3 de N; 4,8 de Mg; 4,6 de K; 2,4 de S e 1,8 de P e o aporte de micronutrientes, em g ha-1 ano-1, foi de: 6.689,7 de Mn; 1.092,9 de Fe; 142,8 de Zn; 60,0 de B e 16,7 de Cu.
Composição e eficiência da utilização biológica de nutrientes em fragmento de Mata Atlântica em Pernambuco.
Authors: Espig Silvana Andreoli , Freire Fernando José , Marangon Luiz Carlos , Ferreira Rinaldo Luiz Caraciolo , Freire Maria Betânia Galvão dos Santos , Espig Darci Bacelar
Published: June 2016

A maioria dos estudos sobre teores de nutrientes em matas naturais se concentra na serapilheira. No Brasil, em Mata Atlântica, foram realizadas pesquisas na Mata de Dois Irmãos/PE, na Floresta da Tijuca/RJ e na Mata Salão Dourado/MG. Neste trabalho, a área em estudo constitui um remanescente de Mata Atlântica, enquadrando-se como Floresta Estacional Semidecidual. O trabalho objetivou determinar, por meio da fitossociologia, as dez espécies de maior valor de importância (VI), avaliar os teores dos nutrientes Ca, Mg, P, K e N nas folhas dessas espécies, estimar sua biomassa foliar e determinar a eficiência de utilização biológica desses nutrientes, ampliando assim, o conhecimento sobre os remanescentes de Mata Atlântica no Brasil. Metodologicamente, depois de definidas as dez espécies de maior VI, amostraram-se os indivíduos de maior circunferência a 1,30 m do solo (CAP) de cada espécie, e coletaram-se as folhas da parte intermediária da copa, formando uma amostra composta em que foram determinados os teores de Ca, Mg, P, K e N. Neste estudo, estimou-se a biomassa foliar em cada espécie e para transformar essa biomassa em kg/ha, somaram-se as biomassas foliares dos indivíduos da espécie encontrados na área. O conteúdo de nutrientes na biomassa foliar das espécies (kg/ha) foi obtido multiplicando-se o teor (g/kg) pela biomassa foliar (kg/ha) de cada espécie. A eficiência de utilização biológica foi calculada pela razão entre a biomassa foliar e o conteúdo de nutrientes das espécies. Os teores dos nutrientes, nas folhas, apresentaram a seguinte ordem decrescente N>Ca>K>Mg>P, porém em algumas espécies o teor de K foi maior do que o de Ca. A biomassa foliar das dez espécies de maior VI foi de 3,3 t ha-1, e representaram 24,5% da biomassa foliar total (13,4 t ha-1) do fragmento. A espécie Schefflera morototoni (Aubl.) Maguire, Steyerm & Frodin foi responsável pelo maior aporte via foliar de Ca e Mg e Helicostylis tomentosa (Poepp. & Endl.) J.F., Macbr. pelo de P, K e N no fragmento. A eficiência de utilização de nutrientes apresentou a seguinte ordem P>Mg>K>Ca>N.
Resposta de sementes de Podocarpus lambertii e Podocarpus sellowii – (Podocarpaceae) à dessecação.
Authors: Garcia Lucinda Carneiro , Nogueira Antonio Carlos
Published: June 2016

Estudos relacionados ao comportamento de sementes de espécies florestais permitem a obtenção de material de boa qualidade fisiológica, imprescindível nos trabalhos silviculturais com essas espécies. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o comportamento de sementes de Podocarpus lambertii Klotzsch ex Endl. e Podocarpus sellowii Klotzsch ex Endl., em relação à dessecação. A secagem das sementes foi efetuada em câmara com ventilação forçada e ar aquecido, à temperatura de 35ºC, pelos períodos de 12; 24; 48 e 72 horas, para Podocarpus lambertii e 24; 48; 72 e 96 horas, para Podocarpus sellowii. As sementes com umidade inicial de 28,7 e 45,5% respectivamente, após a desidratação, ficaram com os seguintes teores de água: 21,7; 14,3; 7 e 5,7% para Podocarpus lambertii e 36,9; 36; 34 e 26,8% para Podocarpus sellowii. A qualidade fisiológica das sementes foi avaliada por meio do teste de germinação e Índice de Velocidade de Germinação. De acordo com os resultados, pôde-se concluir que as sementes de Podocarpus lambertii têm comportamento de semente ortodoxa, com grau crítico de umidade abaixo de 5,7% de água, e as sementes de Podocarpus sellowii apresentam comportamento típico de semente recalcitrante, com grau crítico de umidade de aproximadamente 26,8% de água.
Estimativa dos parâmetros da função de densidade probabilística de weibull por regressão aninhada em povoamento desbastado de Pinus taeda L.
Authors: Schneider Paulo Renato , Finger César Augusto Guimarães , Bernett Luiz Gastão , Schneider Paulo Sérgio Pigatto , Fleig Frederico Dimas
Published: June 2016

Este trabalho teve como objetivo estimar os parâmetros da função de densidade probabilística de Weibull para povoamentos desbastados de Pinus taeda, com finalidade de prognosticar as freqüências por unidade de área e classe diamétrica. Os parâmetros foram calculados por regressão aninhada tendo como variáveis independentes a densidade populacional, sítio e idade. O ajuste das funções de densidade probabilística das freqüências por classe diamétrica, no primeiro e segundo desbaste, e no corte raso, apresentou excelente precisão estatística, com boas estimativas de valores da densidade populacional por classe diamétrica. A densidade probabilística e absoluta estimados por classe de diâmetro, para situações distintas de densidades e idade da população, mostrou excelente precisão, com valores estimados muito próximos dos observados.
Características do solo na restauração de áreas degradadas na Reserva Biológica de Poço das Antas, RJ.
Authors: Moraes Luiz Fernando Duarte de , Campello Eduardo Francia de Carneiro , Pereira Marcos Gervasio , Loss Arcângelo
Published: June 2016

O primeiro passo para garantir o sucesso da restauração de uma área degradada é restabelecer as taxas de ciclagem de nutrientes e os níveis de matéria orgânica no solo. Para avaliar as alterações no solo em áreas sob restauração na Reserva Biológica de Poço das Antas, foram coletadas amostras em áreas de floresta madura, plantios mistos de espécies arbóreas nativas com 8 anos de vida e pastagens abandonadas, nas várzeas e morrotes. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado. As amostras foram coletadas nas profundidades de 0-2,5 cm; 2-5-7,5 cm; e 7,5-20 cm, sendo avaliados o pH do solo e os teores de Al, Ca + Mg, P, K, C e N do solo. Os plantios da várzea apresentaram teores de Ca + Mg, K, C e matéria orgânica do solo (MOS) superiores aos dos outros tratamentos, indicando o rápido estabelecimento de altas taxas de ciclagem de nutrientes e alta taxa de atividade biológica. Os valores das bases trocáveis foram mais altos para a camada mais superficial, pela maior proximidade com a serapilheira. A estabilidade do solo foi alta para todos os tratamentos que apresentaram relação C:N abaixo de 12:1. Para estimar a forma como a MOS está armazenada foi feito o fracionamento químico pela obtenção de extratos ácidos e alcalinos, que apontou maior produção de ácidos fúlvicos (AF) e húmicos (AH), e huminas (HU) no plantio de várzea, para as três profundidades de solo. O plantio no morrote apresentou maiores valores para a relação (AF+AH)/HU, o que sugere uma menor estabilidade nesse tratamento. Os resultados indicam que os plantios têm alto potencial para restabelecer as taxas de ciclagem de nutrientes e os teores de matéria orgânica do solo no curto prazo, e que as áreas de morrote necessitam de técnicas adicionais para acelerar o desenvolvimento dos plantios.
Aspectos florísticos e fitossociológicos da reserva Capão de Tupanciretã, Tupanciretã, RS, Brasil.
Authors: Rosa Suzana Ferreira da Luiz , Longhi Solon Jonas , Ludwig Marcos Paulo
Published: June 2016

Este trabalho foi realizado na Reserva Capão de Tupanciretã, município de Tupanciretã (RS), em uma área com 8 hectares pertencente à Fundação de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Rio Grande do Sul (FEPAGRO). O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a composição florística e estrutura fitossociológica da floresta. Utilizaram-se dez parcelas de tamanho 10 x 20 m distribuídas sistematicamente na área. Nessas parcelas, foram medidos e identificados todos os indivíduos com DAP maior ou igual a 5 cm. Dentro das parcelas principais, alocaram-se subunidades de 5 x 5 m para avaliar o componente arbustivo (DAP entre 1 e 5 cm) e de 2 x 2 m para a regeneração natural (DAP menor que 1 cm e altura superior a 30 cm). Os resultados foram analisados usando o programa FITOANALISE, calculando-se os parâmetros fitossociológicos tradicionais de densidade, dominância, freqüência, valor de importância, valor de cobertura e índice de diversidade. As espécies com maior representatividade no componente arbóreo da floresta foram Camboatá-vermelho (Cupania vernalis Cambess.) e o Branquilho (Sebastiania commersoniana (Baill.) L. B. Sm. & Downs). No componente arbustivo e na regeneração, as espécies que apresentaram o maior número de indivíduos foram Camboatá-vermelho (Cupania vernalis Cambess.), Primavera (Brunfelsia australis Benth.), Chal-chal (Allophylus edulis (A. St.-Hil, Cambess. & A. Juss.) e Canela-amarela (Nectandra lanceolata Nees).
Quantificação das perdas no desenvolvimento de Pinus taeda após o ataque de formigas cortadeiras.
Authors: Cantarelli Edison Bisognin , Costa Ervandil Corrêa , Pezzutti Raul , Oliveira Leonardo da Silva
Published: June 2016

Neste trabalho, o objetivo foi quantificar as perdas no desenvolvimento inicial em diâmetro, altura e índice de produtividade de mudas de Pinus taeda em plantios na Argentina, após o ataque de formigas cortadeiras. Os tratamentos foram: T1 = testemunha sem ataque; T2 = atacada por formigas; e T3 = desaciculamento artificial seqüencial. Avaliaram-se ainda três estágios de desenvolvimento das plantas em dois tipos de relevos distintos. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que existe redução significativa no desenvolvimento das plantas de Pinus taeda quando atacadas por formigas cortadeiras durante os primeiros 24 meses de idade. Nas plantas desaciculadas artificialmente, houve uma redução mais significativa em relação às desaciculadas por formigas, para todas as variáveis analisadas.
Analysis of Meter Registry Uncertainty
Authors: Sumrak McKenna L. , Johnson Michael C. , Barfuss Steven L.
Published: June 2016

This study was conducted to quantify the effects of uncertainty on residential water meter registry testing and to demonstrate how to calculate registry uncertainty. All measurements have random and systematic errors, and understanding those errors is important to properly assess the limitations of the test. For this study, registry uncertainty calculations were computed according to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Test Uncertainty Manual (2006) for volumetric and gravimetric scale test setups. Because of possible errors, uncertainties in the registry results may be high enough to justify passing some meters that fail and failing some meters that pass. In such cases, increasing the volume of water collected to higher than AWWA minimum standards reduces uncertainty and provides more relevant results. This study shows that uncertainties are significant and should be computed in order to accurately analyze the results.
Analysis of Groundwater Quality With Respect to Seawater Intrusion in Surat
Authors: Zaveri Payal U. , Patel Jayantilal N.
Published: June 2016

The city of Surat in south Gujarat, India, is highly affected by seawater intrusion. This study assessed the quality of groundwater degraded by seawater intrusion in the coastal regions of Surat. Data for four wells in the coastal villages were collected and analyzed. Water quality was assessed in terms of the groundwater quality index (GWQI) by determining electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, chloride, and hardness in the pre‐monsoon season (May–June) for the years 2001 to 2012. The authors propose an artificial recharging system to improve groundwater quality in the area. For groundwater recharging, a percolation pond is proposed as another option to prevent seawater intrusion and improve groundwater quality. Possible recharge from percolation ponds to wells was determined using Darcy's law and flows through porous media. Percentage reduction in groundwater quality parameters after recharging was calculated, and estimated improvement GWQI following recharging was computed for the years 2012 to 2022.
A Numerical Analysis of Fluid Flow Around Circular and Square Cylinders
Authors: Yuce Mehmet Ishak , Kareem Dalshad Ahmed
Published: June 2016

Fluid flow around bluff bodies such as circular and rectangular (square) cross‐sections is a fundamental fluid mechanics problem and has been a popular focus of research for many years. Several engineering applications—including offshore structures, bridge piers, and pipelines—can be modeled as cylinders. This study numerically investigated the flow field around cylinders of the same characteristic length under identical flow conditions ranging from laminar (Reynolds number [Re] = 2) to turbulent (Re = 4 × 106). Two‐dimensional simulation analyses were performed using the shear stress transport k‐omega turbulence closure model and commercial software. Simulation results showed good agreement with the literature. Cylinder shape was found to significantly affect the flow field. Under the same initial flow conditions, wake downstream of the square cylinder was found to be much more turbulent than that of the circular one. In addition, as Re increased, the turbulence of the wake flow increased and its length downstream of the cylinders increased.
Occurrence of DBPs in Drinking Water of European Regions for Epidemiology Studies
Authors: Krasner Stuart W. , Kostopoulou Maria , Toledano Mireille B. , Wright John , Patelarou Evridiki , Kogevinas Manolis , Villanueva Cristina M. , Carrasco‐Turigas Glòria , Marina Loreto Santa , Fernández‐Somoano Ana , Ballester Ferran , Tardon Adonina , Grazuleviciene Regina , Danileviciute Asta , Cordier Sylvaine , Costet Nathalie , Righi Elena , Aggazzotti Gabriella , Stephanou Euripides G. , Kargaki Sophia , Nieuwenhuijsen Mark J.
Published: June 2016

A three‐year study was conducted on the occurrence of disinfection by‐products (DBPs)—trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), and haloacetonitriles—in drinking water of regions of Europe where epidemiology studies were being carried out. Thirteen systems in six countries (i.e., Italy, France, Greece, Lithuania, Spain, United Kingdom) were sampled. Typically chlorinated DBPs dominated. However, in most of Catalonia (Spain) and in Heraklion (Greece), brominated DBPs dominated. The degree of bromine incorporation into the DBP classes was in general similar among them. This is important, as brominated DBPs are a greater health concern. In parts of Catalonia, the reported levels of tribromoacetic acid were higher than in other parts of the world. In some regions, the levels of HAAs tended to be peaked in concentration in a different time period than when the levels of THMs peaked. In most epidemiology studies, THMs are used as a surrogate for other halogenated DBPs. This study provides exposure assessment information for epidemiology studies.
Biomass Evolution in Full‐Scale Anthracite‐Sand Drinking Water Filters Following Conversion to Biofiltration
Authors: Stoddart Amina K. , Schmidt Jordan J. , Gagnon Graham A.
Published: June 2016

This study investigated biomass concentrations, as measured by adenosine triphosphate (ATP), in full‐scale, anthracite–sand biofilters as they acclimated to conversion from direct filtration to biofiltration. Results showed that there were three scales of biofilter biomass accumulation: an accumulation period within each filter cycle, and an accumulation period associated with adapting to chlorine‐free conditions for both biomass measured at the start and end of the filter cycle. Both start‐ and end‐of‐cycle biomass reached steady state after 220 days of operation. Start‐of‐filter‐cycle biomass accumulated at a rate of 0.008/day and reached a steady‐state concentration of 59 ng ATP/cm3media. End‐of‐filter‐cycle biomass reached an apparent steady‐state concentration of 267 ng ATP/cm3 media. Biomass measured over a single filter cycle had an accumulation pattern similar to start‐of‐filter‐cycle biomass but accumulated more rapidly (1.96–4.46/day).
Learning of a postural control task by elderly post-stroke patients
Authors: Bonuzzi Giordano Marcio Gatinho , Freitas Tatiana Beline , Corrêa Umberto Cesar , Freudenheim Andrea Michele , Pompeu José Eduardo , Torriani-Pasin Camila
Published: June 2016

The aim of this study was to compare the learning process of a postural control task between post-stroke patients and healthy subjects. The sample was composed of 20 post-stroke individuals (Experimental Group) and 20 aged matched healthy individuals (Control Group). Participants practiced a postural control task in a virtual environment with increasing of complexity. The study design involved four phases: pre-test (five trials), acquisition phase (four blocks of thirty minutes), post-test (five trials), and retention test (five trials after a week without practice). The statistical analysis was run by a 2 x 3 ANOVA (groups x learning tests). Results: There was no difference in motor learning between Experimental Group and Control Group (F= 41.22; p=0.88). In addition, it was founded that the Control Group could learn the task in a higher-level complexity than Experimental Group (F = 4.77; p = 0.01), and both groups increased the error during the trials of practice (F = 0.53; p = 0.00) because of task complexity.  Conclusion: Therefore has been found that post-stroke individuals have the ability to learn a postural control task similar to healthy subjects, and the task complexity seems to be a key-factor in order to differentiate stroke from healthy subject's motor learning process.
Evolución del complejo agroalimentario de Navarra. Análisis a partir de las tablas input-output de 1980 y 1995
Authors: Iráizoz Apezteguía Belén , Rapún Gárate Manuel
Published: June 2016

This paper analyses the agrofood system in Navarra (Spain) using the Input-Output data for 1980 and 1995. The aim is to analyse the evolution and changes taking place between the economic activities in the region. Streit, Chenery-Watanabe and Rasmussen´s indicators are constructed. As is usual, we have also calculated the inconme and employment multipliers. This indicators show the very important role off the agriculture and the vegetables canning industry in the regional economy.
Evolución del mercado y la estructura productiva del sector lácteo español desde la integración en la CEE
Authors: Sineiro García Francisco , Valdês Paços Bernardo
Published: June 2016

The milk quota system has increased the rate of the process of dissapearance of farms, affecting mainly to smaller size units, while at the same time it was developing a group of medium and big size, as a result of improvements taken in those farms, which are the main responsables for the increase in milk production. The viability of part of these dairy farms is under question because of a quota deficit and of reduced size and lack of sucession. The limitations derived from land availability have forced to an increased use of concentrates which reduces their ability to compete in costs. The moderate increase increase in consumption of dairy products in the spanish market and the reduction of direct sales has allowed the expansion of dairies and a increase in the deficit of external trade. The main changes in dairies have been a process of concentration resulting in the constitution of medium size groups and a increase in the share of foreing enterprises. The Agenda 2000 agreements, the existing round with the WMO and the negotiations to the UE enlargement are going to result in new changes in the milk policy, which will further affect the spanish dairy sector.
Formación de expectativas de precio en el sector hortofrutícola exportador del sureste español
Authors: Galdeano Gómez Emilio
Published: June 2016

The temporal difference existing between the planning of the supply and the demand of agrarian products has caused that the theories about the formation of price expectations have a traditionally great importance in such sectors as those of vegetables and fruits. The tendency to a greater connexion between production and commercialisation in associated entities (in productive place) implies an increase of the efficiency on the use of available information to make forecats on the different variables in the market. The aim of the present study is to determine empirically the existence of price valuations, taking as a reference the production-comercialisation in the south-easterm horticultural sector of Spain, consider enterprises that sell fruits and vegetable institutions of food distribution in the framework of the European Union. For this purpuse, it has been started from the combination of traditional formulations of expectations based on retarded variables, on the one hand, and models of rational expectations, on the other. By this method is deduced the use of complementary information to the price retards; also, the relation existing between that use of information to both the degree of response of the supply regarding the fluctuations in prices and the efficiency on expectative formation is analysed.
Identificación de grupos estratégicos en el sector hortofrutícola español
Authors: García Martínez Marian , Poole Nigel , Del Campo Francisco , López David
Published: June 2016

This article reports the results of an intra-industry study that seeks to identify empirical regularities between firm strategy, management style, organisational structure and performance in the Spanish fresh fruit and vegetable industry using strategic group analysis. Groups were formed from key dimensions reflecting firms’ strategic orientations. Performance levels did not differ systematically between strategic groups, but performance was found to be influenced by the alignment between entrepreneurial culture and organisational structure. A move towards greater flexibility and/or adopting an entrepreneurial style are both likely to contribute to an improvement in the overall performance of the firm.
Atributos de confianza, normas y certificación. Comparación de estándares para hortalizas
Authors: Compés López Raúl
Published: June 2016

European consumers are demanding more trust attributes for the safety of products and the origins or methods of the food production chain. The supply of these attributes in the optimal quantity makes it necessary and very often the participation of a third party: the government if there are externalities derived from consumption and production of these attributes, i.e. through obligatory standards, or an independent entity to certify the fulfilment of a voluntary standard. In the vegetable sector, in general, and in the fresh tomato production, in particular, the number of these obligatory norms and voluntary standards has raised considerably in the last few years. This proliferation has created a problem of information and knowledge for consumers and producers, who need to know the differences in order to decide what to do. By comparing the main voluntary standards, we see that the greatest coincidences are established in the food security chapter. Therefore, there are more demanding standards due to a greater number of fixed requirements and a higher exigency level. EUREPGAP and AENOR are the more complete standards. The first has the advantage of reducing the transaction costs between the promoting supermarkets and their vegetable suppliers and, at the same time, is becoming a barrier for selling to them.
Exportación de tomate en Canarias: ¿Un patrón estacional estable?
Authors: Martín Rodríguez Gloria , Cano Fernández Víctor Javier , Cáceres Hernández José Juan
Published: June 2016

This paper studies the evolution of the weekly exports of Canary Island tomatoes after the entry of Spain in the European Union. A first analysis of deterministic components reveals their instability, clearly related to changes in the EU commercial regulations of access to European markets, and the presence of many outliers due to different reasons. These factors must be considered in the study of stochastic seasonality of the series. Furthermore, it is necessary to take into account the weekly frequency data and the existence of periods without exports in order to capture its behaviour and, in particular, the nature of its seasonal component.
El control de la contaminación por nitratos en el regadío
Authors: Martínez Martínez Yolanda , Uku Karaj Skender , Albiac Murillo José
Published: June 2016

This paper analyzes the effects of some water management policies and irrigation systems on crop yields and water pollution, in an area located in the Flumen- Monegros irrigation district in Huesca (Spain). The analysis is performed using water and nitrogen crop response functions, which are estimated with the EPIC crop growth package. The estimation of response for the crop activities incorporates information on local climate, soils, crop management and irrigation systems. The relationship between yields and water and nitrogen input use is examined, in order to quantify the pollution reduction cost faced by farmers. The costs depend on the particular crop and the pollution abatement measure, and information on these costs is important to design efficient pollution abatement measures.
El caso quota hopping en el contexto de la política pesquera común
Authors: Domínguez Torreiro Marcos , Freijeiro Álvarez Ana. B. , Varela Lafuente Manuel
Published: June 2016

In this article the process of property internationalisation within the fishing sector of the European Union is analysed (in particular, the strategy kwon as quota hopping, as implemented by the Spanish fishing sector). During its development a conflit has arisen in relation with the defense of the national character of the quotas allocated by the Principle of Relative Stability. The implementation of restrictive measures, e.g. the requirement of “economic links” has changed the context where agents involved in the process of internationalisation make their decisions. In our article the different strategies are analysed and the outcomes are evaluated.
Matriz de Intercambios de Agua. Análisis mediante la Teoría de Grafos
Authors: Velázquez Alonso Esther
Published: June 2016

The aim of this work is to demonstrate the relationships established between an economy’s productive sectors and the water consumption generated during their productive processes. We study de Andalusian reality, region of the South Spain characterized by its scarcity, and we will examine if the excessive dependence on water resources which may occur in some productive sectors might affect not only the conservation and quality of this resource, but also have negative effects upon the stability of the economy itself. A mixed methodology has been used, combining Input-Output analysis with Graphs Theory. We obtain a water Input-Output model and an interrelationship matrix which is analysed by Graphs Theory. The main conclusion is that Andalusian’s economic specialisation does not make a positive contribution water conservation and, moreover, the regional economy’s sustainability might be seriously endangered if the authorities do not take into account water limitations in their economy policy.
Cálculo del valor de la cuota láctea en las explotaciones de leche gallegas
Authors: De Miguel Domínguez José Carlos , Pérez Vidal Tomás , Rodríguez González Xosé Antón
Published: June 2016

The level of milk quota for farm and the transfer of milk quota among producers play are principal factors in the Spain milk producer sector adjustment. This paper presents an estimation of milk quota value, estimation of the capitalization of quota value in the 2006 year horizon and make concrete some determinant factors of quota value. Estimates derive from a sample of 32 Galician dairy farms for the years 1990-1999, and from the results of this paper is possible deduce conclusions about functioning quota market and management of quota policy.
La demanda regional de bebidas alcohólicas en España. Impacto de un incremento de los impuestos especiales
Authors: López Díaz-Delgado Elena , González María A. , Fellinger Erica
Published: June 2016

This study analyzes the different responses in the consumption of alcoholic beverages by regions in Spain to changes in levels of prices and income. To this end income and price elasticities have been estimated for three ty pes of alcoholic beverages (wine, beer, and "other alcoholic drinks") through a complete AIDS-type demand system, using a panel of annual data from 1993 to 2000 for eight Spanish regions. The results of this study indicate that there are important differences in the household consumption and responses of alcoholic beverages among different regions, particularly regarding the consumption of wine and beer between the northern and southern halves of the peninsula. On the basis of these results regional returns from excise taxes and VAT have been simulated according to different tax scenarios
Factores determinantes de la inserción de las explotaciones de vacuno de carne de Navarra en mecanismos de diferenciación
Authors: Gómez Ramos Almudena , Atance Muñiz Ignacio , Iráizoz Apezteguía Belén
Published: June 2016

Beef cattle sector is readapting to increasing requirements from the demand, which looks for a differentiated product, with constant quality, in a market beginning to be dominated by great distribution companies. Mechanisms to differentiate production are been implemented in this context, co-ordinating both production and marketing processes and integrating livestock farmers into the commercial system. This paper study the relation between these mechanisms and the characteristics of the livestock systems, addressing the causes explaining the voluntary integration of farmers in them. The research area selected was the Comunidad Foral de Navarra due to the existence since more than ten years ago of the Protected Geographic Indication (PGI) «Ternera de Navarra», created to support and promote beef meat from Navarra. In addition to the PGI there also exist differentiation mechanisms represented by small private quality labels implemented by farmers. The development of a Logit model based on a survey to farmers has allowed to identify which are those variables with greater influence in the decision of integration into the PGI. Additionally, results show how this Indication is an important instrument to support some specific livestock systems trough the marketing and promotion of their production. So, the PGI can be considered as a rural development instrument that increased the added value of certain products in less favoured areas, while private labels focus on integrating greater and more intensive farms, more competitive and better adapted to market exigencies.
Evaluación de alternativas de desacoplamiento total de ayudas COP: El caso de la agricultura de regadío en el valle del Guadalquivir
Authors: Arriaza Manuel , Ruiz Avilés Pedro , Gómez-Limón José Antonio
Published: June 2016

In this paper we compare the current CAP Reform with a more market-orientated policy which allows the substitution of COP for vegetables (including potatoes). In order to reproduce farmers’ decision-making process, we first group farmers by farm size into three categories and then elicit a general utility function for each group. The elicitation of the bi-attribute utility functions, based on observed crop land allocation, does not require interaction with the farmers. The validation of the model seems to justify the methodological approach. The results regarding the alternative scheme proposed suggest that, with the same EAGGF expenditure, small and medium-sized farms in this region would benefit from this alternative scheme in terms of higher expected total gross margin, flexibility and freedom of crop choice.
ВИШЕКРИТЕРИЈАЛНИ ПРИСТУП ИЗБОРУ ПОСЛОВНИХ СТРАТЕГИЈА ПРЕДУЗЕЋА – КОМПАРАТИВНА АНАЛИЗА
Authors: Марковић Владимир , Стевић Стеван
Published: June 2016

Избор пословне стратегије, а самим тим и начина уласка на одређено тржиште представља проблемвишекритеријалног одлучивања, јер је сваку пословну стратегију потребно сагледати и оцијенити са вишеразличитих аспеката. Проблем вишекритеријалне анализе могуће је рјешавати примјеном различитих метода, одкојих су у овом раду издвојее: ИКОР, ЕЛЕКТРЕ, АХП, ТОПСИС и ПРОМЕТЕ. Наведене методе спадају међунајпознатије и најприхватљиве методе за овакву врсту проблема, а њихова примјена омогућава, осим избораоптималне варијанте, формирање редослиједне класификације свих посматраних опција. За потребе радаизвршено је истраживање и понуђене су реалне стратегијске опције предузећу чији је циљ диверсификацијапословања у дјелатност производње и продаје флаширане воде. Описани су разлози инвестирања у ову привреднуграну, али и критеријуми и различите пословне стратегије које су на располагању предузећу.
UTICAJ KONTINUIRANOG DEFICITA NA EKONOMSKI RAST BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE
Authors: Alibašić Hamid , Mahmutović Hasan
Published: June 2016

U ovom članku analizira se vanjskotrgovinska razmjena i globalizacija, makroekonomski pokazatelji privrednog razvojaBosne i Hercegovine, kao i temeljno pitanje, odnosno problem koji se odnosi na kontinuirano ostvarivanje visokogdeficita u našoj zemlji. Istražuju se uzroci takvog stanja i pokušavaju pronaći adekvatna rješenja. U okviru toga analizirase neto izvoz i pokrivenost uvoza, izvoz zemalja iz regiona i razvijenih zemalja u međunarodnoj trgovini, konkurentnostzemalja u spoljnotrgovinskoj razmjeni, faktori konkurentnosti bosanskohercegovačke ekonomije, konkurentnost državaregiona i selektiranih država, prethodne aktivnosti Bosne i Hercegovine u rješavanju problema deficita, hitne isrednjeročne mjere i aktivnosti, kao i mogući efekti predloženih rješenja u vezi sprečavanja visokog kontinuiranog deficitau Bosni i Hercegovini i podsticanja ekonomskog rasta.