bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant and Antifungal Activities of Powders, Methanol Extracts, and Essential Oils from Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Thymus ciliatus Desf. Benth.
Authors: Hendel Noui , Sarri Djamel , Sarri Madani , Napoli Edoardo , Palumbo Piccionello Antonio , Ruberto Giuseppe
Published: July 2024

Chemical residues in food pose health risks such as cancer and liver issues. This has driven the search for safer natural alternatives to synthetic fungicides and preservatives. The aim of this study was to characterize the chemical composition of the essential oils (EO), determine the polyphenolic contents, and evaluate the in vitro antioxidant and antifungal activities of methanol extracts (ME), essential oils (EO), and powders from Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) and Thymus ciliatus (Desf) Benth. (thyme) from the M’sila region, Algeria. The chemical composition of the EOs was determined by GC-MS. R. officinalis EO was composed of 31 components, mainly camphor (41.22%), camphene (18.14%), and α-pinene (17.49%); T. ciliatus EO was composed of 58 components, mainly, in percentage, α-pinene (22.18), myrcene (13.13), β-pinene (7.73), β-caryophyllene (10.21), and germacrene D (9.90). The total phenols and flavonoids were determined spectrophotometrically, and the rosemary ME was found to possess the highest polyphenolic content (127.1 ± 2.40 µg GAE/mg), while the thyme ME had the highest flavonoid content (48.01 ± 0.99 µg QE/mg). The antioxidant activity was assessed using three methods: rosemary ME was the most potent, followed by DPPH (IC50 = 13.43 ± 0.14 µg/mL), β-carotene/linoleic acid (IC50 = 39.01 ± 2.16 μg/mL), and reducing power (EC50 = 15.03 ± 1.43 µg/mL). Antifungal activity was assessed for 32 pathogenic and foodborne fungi. Four methods were applied to the solid medium. Incorporating the powdered plant into the culture medium (at 10%) reduced the fungal growth to greater than 50% in 21.88% and 6.25% of all fungal isolates, for R. officinalis and T. ciliatus, respectively. The ME, applied by the well diffusion method (0.1 g/mL), was less effective. Different concentrations of EO were tested. Incorporating the EO into the culture medium (1500 μL/L) inhibited 50% of the molds to levels of 50 and 75% for R. officinalis and T. ciliatus, respectively, with the complete inhibition of four fungi. Fumigated EO (15 μL) inhibited 65% of the molds to levels of 65 and 81.25% for R. officinalis and T. ciliatus, respectively, with the complete inhibition of five fungi. There was little to no sporulation in conjunction with the inhibition. Our results revealed some of the potential of the studied plants to fight foodborne molds and presented their promising characteristics as a source of alternatives to chemical pesticides and synthetic preservatives. Further studies are needed to find adequate application techniques in the food safety area.
Biomarkers in the Diagnosis and Prediction of Medication Response in Depression and the Role of Nutraceuticals
Authors: Beer Cristina , Rae Fiona , Semmler Annalese , Voisey Joanne
Published: July 2024

Depression continues to be a significant and growing public health concern. In clinical practice, it involves a clinical diagnosis. There is currently no defined or agreed upon biomarker/s for depression that can be readily tested. A biomarker is defined as a biological indicator of normal physiological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacological responses to a therapeutic intervention that can be objectively measured and evaluated. Thus, as there is no such marker for depression, there is no objective measure of depression in clinical practice. The discovery of such a biomarker/s would greatly assist clinical practice and potentially lead to an earlier diagnosis of depression and therefore treatment. A biomarker for depression may also assist in determining response to medication. This is of particular importance as not all patients prescribed with medication will respond, which is referred to as medication resistance. The advent of pharmacogenomics in recent years holds promise to target treatment in depression, particularly in cases of medication resistance. The role of pharmacogenomics in routine depression management within clinical practice remains to be fully established. Equally so, the use of pharmaceutical grade nutrients known as nutraceuticals in the treatment of depression in the clinical practice setting is largely unknown, albeit frequently self-prescribed by patients. Whether nutraceuticals have a role in not only depression treatment but also in potentially modifying the biomarkers of depression has yet to be proven. The aim of this review is to highlight the potential biomarkers for the diagnosis, prediction, and medication response of depression.
Opioid Use and Gut Dysbiosis in Cancer Pain Patients
Authors: Coluzzi Flaminia , Scerpa Maria Sole , Loffredo Chiara , Borro Marina , Pergolizzi Joseph V. , LeQuang Jo Ann , Alessandri Elisa , Simmaco Maurizio , Rocco Monica
Published: July 2024

Opioids are commonly used for the management of severe chronic cancer pain. Their well-known pharmacological effects on the gastrointestinal system, particularly opioid-induced constipation (OIC), are the most common limiting factors in the optimization of analgesia, and have led to the wide use of laxatives and/or peripherally acting mu-opioid receptor antagonists (PAMORAs). A growing interest has been recently recorded in the possible effects of opioid treatment on the gut microbiota. Preclinical and clinical data, as presented in this review, showed that alterations of the gut microbiota play a role in modulating opioid-mediated analgesia and tolerability, including constipation. Moreover, due to the bidirectional crosstalk between gut bacteria and the central nervous system, gut dysbiosis may be crucial in modulating opioid reward and addictive behavior. The microbiota may also modulate pain regulation and tolerance, by activating microglial cells and inducing the release of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which sustain neuroinflammation. In the subset of cancer patients, the clinical meaning of opioid-induced gut dysbiosis, particularly its possible interference with the efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy, is still unclear. Gut dysbiosis could be a new target for treatment in cancer patients. Restoring the physiological amount of specific gut bacteria may represent a promising therapeutic option for managing gastrointestinal symptoms and optimizing analgesia for cancer patients using opioids.
Urinary Extracellular Vesicles as a Readily Available Biomarker Source: A Simplified Stratification Method
Authors: Filipović Lidija , Spasojević Savković Milica , Prodanović Radivoje , Matijašević Joković Suzana , Stevanović Sanja , Marco Ario de , Kosanović Maja , Brajušković Goran , Popović Milica
Published: July 2024

Urine, a common source of biological markers in biomedical research and clinical diagnosis, has recently generated a new wave of interest. It has recently become a focus of study due to the presence of its content of extracellular vesicles (EVs). These uEVs have been found to reflect physiological and pathological conditions in kidney, urothelial, and prostate tissue and can illustrate further molecular processes, leading to a rapid expansion of research in this field In this work, we present the advantages of an immunoaffinity-based method for uEVs’ isolation with respect to the gold standard purification approach performed by differential ultracentrifugation [in terms of purity and antigen presence. The immunoaffinity method was made feasible by combining specific antibodies with a functionalized polymethacrylate polymer. Flow cytometry indicated a significant fluorescence shift, validating the presence of the markers (CD9, CD63, CD81) and confirming the effectiveness of the isolation method. Microscopy evaluations have shown that the morphology of the vesicles remained intact and corresponded to the expected shapes and dimensions of uEVs. The described protocol is inexpensive, fast, easy to process, has good reproducibility, and can be applied to further biological samples.
Fractalkine in Health and Disease
Authors: Rodriguez Claudia , Chocarro Luisa , Echaide Miriam , Ausin Karina , Escors David , Kochan Grazyna
Published: July 2024

CX3CL1 is one of the 50 up-to-date identified and characterized chemokines. While other chemokines are produced as small, secreted proteins, CX3CL1 (fractalkine) is synthetized as a transmembrane protein which also leads to a soluble form produced as a result of proteolytic cleavage. The membrane-bound protein and the soluble forms exhibit different biological functions. While the role of the fractalkine/CX3CR1 signaling axis was described in the nervous system and was also related to the migration of leukocytes to sites of inflammation, its actions are controversial in cancer progression and anti-tumor immunity. In the present review, we first describe the known biology of fractalkine concerning its action through its cognate receptor, but also its role in the activation of different integrins. The second part of this review is dedicated to its role in cancer where we discuss its role in anti-cancer or procarcinogenic activities.
Pirfenidone Alleviates Inflammation and Fibrosis of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome by Modulating the Transforming Growth Factor-β/Smad Signaling Pathway
Authors: Paik Seung Sook , Lee Jeong Mi , Ko Il-Gyu , Kim Sae Rom , Kang Sung Wook , An Jin , Kim Jin Ah , Kim Dongyon , Hwang Lakkyong , Jin Jun-Jang , Kim Sang-Hoon , Cha Jun-Youl , Choi Cheon Woong
Published: July 2024

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occurs as an acute onset condition, and patients present with diffuse alveolar damage, refractory hypoxemia, and non-cardiac pulmonary edema. ARDS progresses through an initial exudative phase, an inflammatory phase, and a final fibrotic phase. Pirfenidone, a powerful anti-fibrotic agent, is known as an agent that inhibits the progression of fibrosis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. In this study, we studied the treatment efficiency of pirfenidone on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and bleomycin-induced ARDS using rats. The ARDS rat model was created by the intratracheal administration of 3 mg/kg LPS of and 3 mg/kg of bleomycin dissolved in 0.2 mL of normal saline. The pirfenidone treatment group was administered 100 or 200 mg/kg of pirfenidone dissolved in 0.5 mL distilled water orally 10 times every 2 days for 20 days. The administration of LPS and bleomycin intratracheally increased lung injury scores and significantly produced pro-inflammatory cytokines. ARDS induction increased the expressions of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/Smad-2 signaling factors. Additionally, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 imbalance occurred, resulting in enhanced fibrosis-related factors. Treatment with pirfenidone strongly suppressed the expressions of TGF-β1/Smad-2 signaling factors and improved the imbalance of MMP-9/TIMP-1 compared to the untreated group. These effects led to a decrease in fibrosis factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines, promoting the recovery of damaged lung tissue. These results of this study showed that pirfenidone administration suppressed inflammation and fibrosis in the ARDS animal model. Therefore, pirfenidone can be considered a new early treatment for ARDS.
Cell-Free DNA Analysis of Fetal Aneuploidies in Early Pregnancy Loss
Authors: Kutteh William H. , Miller Charles E. , Park John K. , Corey Victoria , Chavez Mauro , Racicot Karen , Alagia Damian P. , Jinnett Kristine N. , Curnow Kirsten , Dalton Kristin , Bhatt Sucheta , Keefe David L.
Published: July 2024

Background: Products of conception samples are often collected and analyzed to try to determine the cause of an early pregnancy loss. However, sample collection may not always be possible, and maternal cell contamination and culture failure can affect the analysis. Cell-free DNA-based analysis of a blood sample could be used as an alternative method in early pregnancy loss cases to detect if aneuploidies were present in the fetus. Methods: In this prospective study, blood samples from early pregnancy loss patients were analyzed for the presence of fetal aneuploidies using a modified version of a noninvasive prenatal testing assay for cell-free DNA analysis. Results from cell-free DNA analysis were compared against the gold standard, microarray analysis of products of conception samples. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT04935138. Results: Of the 76 patient samples included in the final study cohort, 11 were excluded from performance calculations. The 65 patient samples included in the final analysis included 49 with an abnormal microarray result and 16 with a normal microarray result. Based on results from these 65 samples, the study found that genome-wide cell-free DNA analysis had a sensitivity of 73.5% with a specificity of 100% for the detection of fetal aneuploidies in early pregnancy loss cases. Conclusions: This prospective study provides further support for the utility of cell-free DNA analysis in detecting fetal aneuploidies in early pregnancy loss cases. This approach could allow for a noninvasive method of investigating the etiology of miscarriages to be made available clinically.
Comparative Efficacy of Neuromodulation and Structured Exercise Program on Autonomic Modulation in Fibromyalgia Patients: Pilot Study
Authors: Rubio-Zarapuz Alejandro , Apolo-Arenas María Dolores , Fernandes Orlando , Tornero-Aguilera José Francisco , Clemente-Suárez Vicente J. , Parraca Jose A.
Published: July 2024

Background: Fibromyalgia is a chronic disorder marked by widespread muscle and joint pain, persistent fatigue, sleep disturbances, and irregularities in the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Methods: This study compared the effectiveness of neuromodulation using the EXOPULSE Mollii suit with a structured exercise program in regulating ANS function in fibromyalgia patients. In this randomized, longitudinal crossover study, 10 female patients were randomly assigned to either the Suit + Exercise group or the Exercise + Suit group. Each group participated in two sessions per week for eight weeks, followed by a two-week washout period before switching to the other intervention. We measured cortical arousal, microcirculation, and heart rate variability (HRV) before and after the 1st, 8th, and 16th sessions. Results: The results showed significant improvements in cortical arousal, HRV, and microcirculation with the neuromodulation treatment whereas the exercise program only produced short-term improvements in cortical arousal. Conclusion: The EXOPULSE Mollii suit exhibited cumulative benefits on ANS modulation over time, suggesting potential long-term advantages for managing fibromyalgia. However, further research is needed to explore the delayed effects of both treatments on ANS modulation.
Disclosure of a Concealed Michelangelo-Inspired Depiction in a 16th-Century Painting
Authors: Dal Fovo Alice , Morello Margherita , Mazzinghi Anna , Toso Caterina , Pampaloni Enrico , Fontana Raffaella
Published: July 2024

Some paintings may have hidden depictions beneath the visible surface, which can provide valuable insights into the artist’s creative process and the genesis of the artwork. Studies have shown that these covered paintings can be revealed through image-based techniques and integrated data processing. This study analyzes an oil painting by Beceri from the mid-16th century depicting the Holy Family, owned by the Uffizi Galleries. During the analysis of the materials, we discovered evidence of pictorial layers beneath the visible scene. To uncover the hidden figuration, we applied a multimodal approach that included microprofilometry, reflectance imaging spectroscopy, macro X-ray fluorescence, and optical coherence tomography. We analyzed the brushstrokes of the hidden painting, visualized the underdrawing, located the painted areas beneath the outermost painting, and quantified the thicknesses of the pictorial layers. The pigments used for the underpainting were identified through cross-analysis of X-ray fluorescence and spectral correlation maps. The underlying pictorial subject, Leda and the Swan, appears to be inspired by a long-lost and replicated work by Michelangelo. This information places Beceri and his production in a more defined context.
The Role of Tide and Wind in Modulating Density Stratification in the Pearl River Estuary during the Dry Season
Authors: Zhu Lei , Sheng Jiangchuan , Pang Liwen
Published: July 2024

Density stratification plays a crucial role in estuarine hydrodynamics and material transport. In this study, we utilized a well-calibrated numerical model to investigate the stratification processes and underlying mechanisms in the dynamically wide Pearl River Estuary (PRE). In the upper estuary, longitudinal straining governs stratification, enhancing it during ebb tide and reducing it during flood tide. The Coriolis force becomes significant in the lower estuary due to the increased basin width, causing seaward freshwater to be confined to the West Shoal, where a pronounced transverse salinity gradient forms. Interacting with lateral current shear, density stratification is most pronounced in this region. The prevailing northeasterly wind creates a mixed layer near the surface, shifting stratification to the middle layer of the water column in the upper estuary. Wind stirring reduces stratification throughout the estuary. Under the wind’s influence, the seaward outflow is confined to a narrower region and shifts westward, resulting in the most apparent stratification occurring on the West Shoal of the PRE due to lateral straining. These findings on the evolution of freshwater pathways and their role in modulating density stratification have significant implications for other wide estuaries, such as Delaware Bay and the La Plata-Parana estuary.
Is the Timing of Surgery a Sufficient Predictive Factor for Outcomes in Patients with Proximal Femur Fractures? A Systematic Review
Authors: Rădulescu Mihai , Necula Bogdan-Radu , Mironescu Sandu Aurel , Roman Mihai Dan , Schuh Alexander , Necula Radu-Dan
Published: July 2024

(1) Background: Hip fractures are currently recognized as major public health problems, raising many issues in terms of both patients’ quality of life and the cost associated with caring for this type of fracture. Many authors debate whether to operate as soon as possible or to postpone surgery until the patient is stable. The purpose of this review was to review the literature and obtain additional information about the moment of surgery, the time to surgery, length of hospital stay, and how all of these factors influence patient mortality and complications. (2) Methods: The systematic search was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and PICO guidelines, using the Google Scholar platform, for articles published between 2015 and 2023. Quality assessment was performed. (3) Results: After applying the inclusion criteria, 20 articles were included in the final list. Those who had surgery within 48 h had lower in-hospital and 30-day mortality rates than those who operated within 24 h. The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score is an important predictive factor for surgical delay, length of hospital stay (LOS), complications, and mortality. (4) Conclusions: Performing surgery in the first 48 h after admission is beneficial to patients after medical stabilization. Avoidance of delayed surgery will improve postoperative complications, LOS, and mortality.
Ocular Implications of COVID-19 Infection and Vaccine-Related Adverse Events
Authors: Parmar Uday Pratap Singh , Surico Pier Luigi , Singh Rohan Bir , Musa Mutali , Scarabosio Anna , Surico Giorgio , Maniaci Antonino , Lavalle Salvatore , D’Esposito Fabiana , Longo Antonio , Russo Andrea , Gagliano Caterina , Zeppieri Marco
Published: July 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has significantly impacted various organ systems, including the eyes. Initially considered a primarily respiratory disease, it is now evident that COVID-19 can induce a range of ocular symptoms. Recognizing these ocular manifestations is crucial for eye care practitioners as they can serve as early indicators of the disease. This review consolidates current evidence on the ocular effects of COVID-19, identifying manifestations such as conjunctivitis, scleritis, uveitis, and retinopathy. The increasing prevalence of these symptoms highlights the importance of thorough eye examinations and detailed patient histories in COVID-19 cases. Potential routes of viral entry into ocular tissues and the underlying mechanisms, including direct infection, immune responses, and vascular involvement, are explored. Additionally, this review addresses ocular side effects associated with COVID-19 vaccines, such as corneal graft rejection, uveitis, and retinal issues. These findings emphasize the need for ongoing surveillance and research to ensure vaccine safety.
Potential Predictors of Psychologically Based Stock Price Movements
Authors: East Robert , Wright Malcolm
Published: July 2024

Investment in stocks is increasingly dependent on artificial intelligence (AI), but the psychological and social factors that affect stock prices may not be fully covered by the measures currently used in AI training. Here, we search for additional measures that may improve AI predictions. We start by reviewing stock price movements that appear to be affected by social and psychological factors, drawing on stock market behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic. A review of processes that are likely to produce such stock market movements follows: the disposition effect, momentum, and the response to information. These processes are then explained by regression to the mean, negativity bias, the availability mechanism, and information diffusion. Taking account of these processes and drawing on the consumer behaviour literature, we identify three factors which may not be covered by current AI training data that could affect stock prices: publicity in relation to capitalization, stock-holding penetration in relation to capitalization, and changes in the penetration of stock holding.
Identifying and Optimizing the Ecological Security Pattern of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Urban Agglomeration from 2000 to 2030
Authors: Huang Longsheng , Tang Yi , Song Youtao , Liu Jinghui , Shen Hua , Du Yi
Published: July 2024

The conflict between economic development and ecological protection continues to intensify, highlighting the necessity for constructing regional ecological security patterns (ESPs) to reconcile the relationship between development and protection effectively. This study used the GMOP and PLUS model to simulate future land use changes by 2030 under the following three scenarios: natural development (ND), ecological protection (EP), and economic development (ED). Employing the MSPA model and circuit theory, it identified ecological source areas and constructed the ESP for the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration (BTH) from 2000 to 2030. The results indicate that the proportion of ecological source areas increased from 22.24% in 2000 to 23.09% in 2020, the EP scenario showing the highest proportion of ecological source areas compared with the other two scenarios. These areas are densely distributed in the northern and western mountainous regions, with sparse distributions in the southern plains. The number of ecological corridors grew from 603 in 2000 to 616 in 2020, with the EP scenario having more corridors than the other two scenarios. From 2000 to 2030, corridors in the northern and western mountainous areas were denser, shorter, and more variable, while those in the southern plains were less dense, longer, and relatively stable. Over two decades, habitat areas for species in BTH increased, while landscape connectivity decreased. Compared with 2020 and the other two scenarios, the EP scenario saw an increase in habitat areas and improved landscape connectivity. The impact on ecological corridors and improvement areas primarily arose from a combination of socio-ecological drivers (e.g., elevation, slope, population), while the influence on restoration and key areas mainly stemmed from ecological factors (e.g., elevation, temperature, NDVI, precipitation). The findings demonstrate that distinguishing different geomorphological units to improve and restore the regional environment, while considering socio-ecological drivers, is crucial for restoring the overall ESP and landscape connectivity of BTH.
Acute and Preventive Treatment of COVID-19-Related Headache: A Series of 100 Patients
Authors: García-Azorín David , García-Ruiz Claudia , Sierra-Mencía Álvaro , González-Osorio Yésica , Recio-García Andrea , González-Celestino Ana , García-Iglesias Cristina , Planchuelo-Gómez Álvaro , Íñiguez Ana Echavarría , Guerrero-Peral Ángel L.
Published: July 2024

To describe the need and effectiveness of acute and preventive medications in a series of 100 consecutive patients referred due to COVID-19-related headaches. Patients were aged 48.0 (standard deviation (SD): 12.4), 84% were female, and 56% had a prior history of headache. The most common headache phenotype was holocranial (63%), frontal (48%), pressing (75%), of moderate intensity (7 out of 10), and accompanied by photophobia (58%). Acute medication was required by 93%, with paracetamol (46%) being the most frequently used drug, followed by ibuprofen (44%). The drugs with the highest proportion of a 2 h pain-freedom response were dexketoprofen (58.8%), triptans (57.7%), and ibuprofen (54.3%). Preventive treatment was required by 75% of patients. The most frequently used drugs were amitriptyline (66%), anesthetic blockades (18%), and onabotulinumtoxinA (11%). The drugs with the highest 50% responder rate were amitriptyline (45.5%), mirtazapine (50%), and anesthetic blockades (38.9%). The highest 75% responder rate was experienced following onabotulinumtoxinA (18.2%). In conclusion, most patients required acute medication, with triptans and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs achieving the best responses. Three-quarters of patients required preventive medication. The most frequently used drug was amitriptyline, which obtained the best results. In some treatment-resistant patients, anesthetic blockades and onabotulinumtoxinA were also beneficial.
Coil Embolization Is Not Justified for Treating Patients with Veno-Occlusive Dysfunction: Case Series and Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Chang Ko-Shih , Chung Cho-Hsing , Chang Yi-Kai , Hsu Geng-Long , Tsai Mang-Hung , Chueh Jeff SC
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Herein, we explore whether coil embolization (CE) is effective in treating veno-occlusive dysfunction (VOD). We present five cases with seven CE episodes and a narrative literature review. Methods: From 2013 to 2018, refractory impotence prompted five men to seek penile vascular stripping (PVS), although seven CE episodes were included. All received dual cavernosography in which erection-related veins and VOD were documented. PVS entailed the venous stripping of one deep dorsal vein and two cavernosal veins. The abridged five-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) score system and the erection hardness scale (EHS) were used, and yearly postoperative follow-ups were conducted via the Internet. Using Pub Med, a narrative literature review was performed on CE treatment for VOD or varicocele. Results: Inserted coils were scattered along the erection-related veins, including the deep dorsal veins (n = 4), periprostatic plexus (n = 5), iliac vein (n = 5), right pulmonary artery (n = 2), left pulmonary artery (n = 2), and right ventricle (n = 1). PVS resulted in some improvements in the IIEF-5 score and EHS scale. Six articles highly recommend CE treatment for VOD. All claimed it is a minimally invasive effective treatment for varicocele. Conclusions: CE is not justified as a VOD treatment, regardless of its viability in the treatment of varicocele.
The Grinding and Correction of Face Gears Based on an Internal Gear Grinding Machine
Authors: Han Zhengyang , Jiang Chuang , Deng Xiaozhong , Zhang Congcong , Geng Longlong , Feng Yong
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a method of calculating and correcting grinding face gears on an internal gear grinding machine. The generating principle of face gears is studied, and the feasibility of grinding motion on an internal gear grinding machine is analyzed. Then, the motions that need to be followed for grinding are analyzed based on the gear machine tool structure. Four main error sources causing tooth surface deviation in the grinding movements are proposed. The mathematical modeling of the grinding of face gears containing proposed error sources on an internal gear grinding machine is accurately established. The influence of the error sources on the topological deviations of the tooth surface is explored. A sensitivity matrix is established for the influence of various error factors on the tooth surface deviations. The correction values of each error factor are obtained in the case of existing tooth surface deviations. Finally, a virtual machining experiment is conducted, which proves the accuracy of the proposed method for characterizing grinding and realizing corrections.
Deep Neural Network and Evolved Optimization Algorithm for Damage Assessment in a Truss Bridge
Authors: Nguyen-Ngoc Lan , Nguyen-Huu Quyet , De Roeck Guido , Bui-Tien Thanh , Abdel-Wahab Magd
Published: July 2024

In Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of bridges, accurately assessing damage is critical to maintaining the safety and integrity of a structure. One of the primary challenges in damage assessment is the precise localization and quantification of defects, which is essential for making timely maintenance decisions and reducing the risk of structural failures. This paper introduces a novel damage detection method for SHM of a truss bridge by coupling a Deep Neural Network (DNN) model with an evolved Artificial Rabbit Optimization (EVARO) algorithm. The integration of DNN with the stochastic search capability of the EVARO algorithm helps to avoid local minima, thereby ensuring more accurate and reliable results. Additionally, the optimization algorithm’s effectiveness is further enhanced by incorporating evolving predator features and the Cauchy motion search mechanism. The proposed method is first validated using various data benchmark problems, demonstrating its effectiveness compared to other well-known algorithms. Secondly, a case study involving the Chuong Duong truss bridge under different simulated damage scenarios further confirms the superiority of the proposed method in both localizing and quantifying damages.
Prognostic Value of Inflammation Scores and Hematological Indices in IgA and Membranous Nephropathies: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Pană Nicolae , Ștefan Gabriel , Popa Tudor , Ciurea Otilia , Stancu Simona Hildegard , Căpușă Cristina
Published: July 2024

Background and Objectives: Systemic-inflammation-based prognostic scores and hematological indices have shown value in predicting outcomes in various clinical settings. However, their effectiveness in predicting outcomes specifically for IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and membranous nephropathy (MN), the most common primary glomerular diseases diagnosed by kidney biopsy, has not been thoroughly investigated. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational study involving 334 adult patients with biopsy-proven IgAN (196 patients) and MN (138 patients) from January 2008 to December 2017 at a tertiary center. We assessed six prognostic scores [Glasgow prognostic score (GPS), modified GPS (mGPS), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio (LCRP)] and two hematological indices [red blood cell distribution width (RDW), platelet distribution width (PDW)] at diagnosis and examined their relationship with kidney and patient survival. Results: End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) occurred more frequently in the IgAN group compared to the MN group (37% vs. 12%, p = 0.001). The mean kidney survival time was 10.7 years in the IgAN cohort and 13.8 years in the MN cohort. After adjusting for eGFR and proteinuria, lower NLR and higher LCRP were significant risk factors for ESKD in IgAN. In the MN cohort, no systemic-inflammation-based scores or hematological indices were associated with kidney survival. There were 38 deaths (19%) in the IgAN group and 29 deaths (21%) in the MN group, showing no significant difference in mortality rates. The mean survival time was 13.4 years for the IgAN group and 12.7 years for the MN group. In the IgAN group, a lower PLR was associated with a higher mortality after adjusting for age, the Charlson comorbidity score, eGFR, and proteinuria. In patients with MN, higher NLR, PLR, and RDW were associated with increased mortality. Conclusions: NLR and LCRP are significant predictors of ESKD in IgAN, while PLR is linked to increased mortality. In MN, NLR, PLR, and RDW are predictors of mortality but not kidney survival. These findings underscore the need for disease-specific biomarkers and indicate that systemic inflammatory responses play varying roles in the progression and outcomes of these glomerular diseases. Future studies on larger cohorts are necessary to validate these markers.
Investigation of the Solid Solution Hardening Mechanism of Low-Alloyed Copper–Scandium Alloys
Authors: Henle Ramona , Kött Simon , Jost Norbert , Nandi Gerrit , Dölling Julia , Zilly Andreas , Prahl Ulrich
Published: July 2024

The addition of alloying elements is a crucial factor in improving the mechanical properties of pure copper, particularly in terms of enhancing its yield strength and hardness. This study examines the influence of scandium additions (up to 0.27 wt.%) on low-alloyed copper. Following the casting and solution-annealing processes, the alloys were quenched in water to maintain a supersaturated state. The mechanical properties were evaluated by tensile tests to measure the yield strength and the dynamic resonance method to determine the modulus of rigidity. Additionally, X-ray diffraction was utilized to analyze changes in lattice parameters, elucidating the structural modifications induced by scandium. This study dissects the parelastic and dielastic effects underlying the solid solution hardening mechanism, providing insights into how scandium alters copper’s mechanical properties. The findings align with the solid solution hardening theories proposed by Fleischer and Labusch, providing a comprehensive understanding of the observed phenomena.
Study of Size Effect on Ni60Nb40 Amorphous Particles and Thin Films by Molecular Dynamic Simulations
Authors: Zhang Wenbiao , Ma Yungui
Published: July 2024

Ni60Nb40 amorphous particles (APs) and amorphous thin films (ATFs) with various sizes were investigated by molecular dynamic simulations. It is revealed that sample size has effects on both Ni60Nb40 APs and ATFs composed of shell or surface and core components. Ni60Nb40 APs have an average bond length of 2.57 Å with major fivefold-symmetry atomic packing and low bond-orientation orders of Q6 and Q4 in both core and shell components. Ni atoms in Ni60Nb40 APs and ATFs prefer to segregate to the shell and surface regions, respectively. Atomic packing structure differences between various-sized Ni60Nb40 APs and ATFs affect their glass transition temperatures Tg, i.e., Tg decreases as the particle size or the film thickness decreases in Ni60Nb40 APs and ATFs, respectively. Our obtained results for Ni60Nb40 APs and ATFs clearly reveal a size effect on atomic packing and glass transition temperature in low-dimensional metallic glass systems.
Tensile Properties and Fracture Analysis of Duplex (2205) and Super Duplex (2507) Stainless Steels, Produced via Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Karavias Leonidas , Gargalis Leonidas , Graff Joachim Seland , Johansen Marius , Diplas Spyros , Karaxi Evaggelia K.
Published: July 2024

Additive manufacturing of duplex (DSS) and super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) has been successfully demonstrated using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) in recent years. Owing to the high cooling rates, as-built LPBF-processed DSS and SDSS exhibit close to 100% ferritic microstructures and require heat treatment at 1000–1300 °C to obtain the desired duplex microstructure. In this work, the mechanical properties of DSS and SDSS processed via LPBF were investigated in three building directions (vertical, horizontal, diagonal) and three processing conditions (as-built, stress-relieved, annealed, and quenched) using uniaxial tensile testing. As-built samples exhibited tensile and yield strength greater than 1000 MPa accompanied by less than 20% elongation at break. In comparison, the water-quenched samples and samples annealed at 1100 °C exhibited elongation at break greater than 34% with yield and tensile strength values less than 950 MPa. Stress relief annealing at 300 °C had a negligible impact on the mechanical properties. Austenite formation upon high-temperature annealing restored the reduced ductility of the as-built samples. The as-built and stress-relieved SDSS showed the highest yield and tensile strength values in the horizontal build direction, reaching up to ≈1400 and ≈1500 MPa (for SDSS), respectively, as compared to the vertical and diagonal directions. Fractographic investigation after tensile testing revealed predominantly a quasi-ductile failure mechanism, showing fine size dimple formation and cleavage facets in the as-built state and a fully ductile fracture in the annealed and quenched conditions. The findings in this study demonstrate the mechanical anisotropy of DSS and SDSS along three different build orientations, 0°, 45°, 90°, and three post-processing conditions.
High-Throughput Screening Assay for Convalescent Sera in COVID-19: Efficacy, Donor Selection, and Variant Neutralization
Authors: Kota Krishna P. , Trakht Ilya , Kalantarov Gavreel , Ordonez David , Wei Jiayi , Trefry Stephanie , Bavari Evia , Richardson Jenny , Zamani Rouzbeh , Raney Christy , Nasar Farooq , Daugherty Bruce , Lederman Seth , Bavari Sina
Published: July 2024

Convalescent sera, rich in pathogen-specific antibodies, offers passive immunity to patients with infectious diseases. Screening assays using convalescent sera are crucial for evaluating therapeutic efficacy, selecting suitable serum donors, and standardizing assays. They measure antibody levels, neutralizing potential, and specificity against viruses like SARS-CoV-2, ensuring therapeutic serum contains potent antibodies. Standardized procedures enable reliable results and wider adoption of serum therapy for COVID-19. We have developed a high-content image-based assay for screening convalescent sera against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Using various cell lines, we identified optimal candidates, employed immunofluorescence to visualize infected cells, and assessed neutralizing antibody efficacy. Screening convalescent sera for therapeutic potential identified neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Dose–response analysis showed variable neutralizing activity, with some sera exhibiting broad neutralization. Additionally, we explored the synergy between neutralizing sera and β-d-N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC), an initial metabolite of molnupiravir. These assays enhance serum therapy’s benefits for COVID-19 treatment and aid in understanding neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants, addressing viral challenges.
Sodium Deoxycholate-Propidium Monoazide Droplet Digital PCR for Rapid and Quantitative Detection of Viable Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HN001 in Compound Probiotic Products
Authors: Wang Ping , Liang Lijiao , Peng Xinkai , Qu Tianming , Zhao Xiaomei , Ji Qinglong , Chen Ying
Published: July 2024

As a famous probiotic, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HN001 is widely added to probiotic products. Different L. rhamnosus strains have different probiotic effects, and the active HN001 strain is the key to exerting probiotic effects, so it is of great practical significance for realising the detection of L. rhamnosus HN001 at the strain level in probiotic products. In this study, strain-specific primer pairs and probes were designed. A combined treatment of sodium deoxycholate (SD) and propidium monoazide (PMA) inhibited the amplification of dead bacterial DNA, establishing a SD-PMA-ddPCR system and conditions for detecting live L. rhamnosus HN001 in probiotic powders. Specificity was confirmed using type strains and commercial strains. Sensitivity tests with spiked samples showed a detection limit of 10⁵ CFU/g and a linear quantification range of 1.42 × 10⁵–1.42 × 10⁹ CFU/g. Actual sample testing demonstrated the method’s efficiency in quantifying HN001 in compound probiotic products. This method offers a reliable tool for the rapid and precise quantification of viable L. rhamnosus HN001, crucial for the quality monitoring of probiotic products.
The Repurposing of FDA-Approved Drugs as FtsZ Inhibitors against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: An In Silico and In Vitro Study
Authors: Tovar-Nieto Andrea Michel , Flores-Padilla Luis Enrique , Rivas-Santiago Bruno , Trujillo-Paez Juan Valentin , Lara-Ramirez Edgar Eduardo , Jacobo-Delgado Yolanda M. , López-Ramos Juan Ernesto , Rodríguez-Carlos Adrián
Published: July 2024

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative pathogen of tuberculosis, remains one of the leading causes of death from a single infectious agent. Furthermore, the growing evolution to multi-drug-resistant (MDR) strains requires de novo identification of drug targets for evaluating candidates or repurposing drugs. Hence, targeting FtsZ, an essential cell division protein, is a promising target. Methods: Using an in silico pharmacological repositioning strategy, four FDA-based drugs that bind to the catalytic site FtsZ were selected. The Alamar Blue colorimetric assay was used to assess antimicrobial activity and the effect of drugs on Mtb growth through growth curves. Bacterial load was determined with an in vitro infection model using colony-forming units (CFU)/mL, and cytotoxicity on human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMhs) was assessed by flow cytometry. Results: Paroxetine and nebivolol exhibited antimycobacterial activity against both reference TB and MDR strains at a concentration of 25 µg/mL. Furthermore, both paroxetine and nebivolol demonstrated a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in viable bacteria compared to the untreated group in the in vitro infection model. Conclusions: Collectively, our findings demonstrate that the use of paroxetine and nebivolol is a promising strategy to help in the control of tuberculosis infection.
Exploring the Effect of Particle Loading Density on Respirable Dust Classification by SEM-EDX
Authors: Sweeney Daniel , Keles Cigdem , Sarver Emily
Published: July 2024

Exposure to respirable coal mine dust (RCMD) still poses health risks to miners. Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) is a powerful tool for RCMD characterization because it provides particle-level data, including elemental ratios (via the EDX signals) that can enable classification by inferred mineralogy. However, if the particle loading density (PLD) is high on the analyzed substrate (filter sample), interference between neighboring particles could cause misclassification. To investigate this possibility, a two-part study was conducted. First, the effect of PLD on RCMD classification was isolated by comparing dust particles recovered from the same parent filters under both low- and high-PLD conditions, and a set of modified classification criteria were established to correct for high PLD. Second, the modified criteria were applied to RCMD particles on pairs of filters, with each pair having one filter that was analyzed directly (frequently high PLD) and another filter from which particles were recovered and redeposited prior to analysis (frequently lower PLD). It was expected that application of the modified criteria would improve the agreement between mineralogy distributions for paired filters; however, relatively little change was observed for most pairs. These results suggest that factors other than PLD, including particle agglomeration, can have a substantial effect on the particle EDX data collected during direct-on-filter analysis.
Açaí Seed Biochar-Based Phosphate Fertilizers for Improving Soil Fertility and Mitigating Arsenic-Related Impacts from Gold Mining Tailings: Synthesis, Characterization, and Lettuce Growth Assessment
Authors: Dias Yan Nunes , Pereira Wendel Valter da Silveira , Caldeira Cecílio Frois , Ramos Sílvio Junio , de Souza Edna Santos , Ribeiro Paula Godinho , Fernandes Antonio Rodrigues
Published: July 2024

Biochar represents a promising alternative for enhancing substrates and remediating contaminants in mining areas. Given that arsenic (As) and phosphorus (P) share similar chemical forms, the combination of biochar and P fertilizers may reduce As uptake, thereby mitigating As-related impacts. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of biochar-based P fertilizers in improving soil fertility and mitigating human health risks from gold mining tailings in the eastern Brazilian Amazon. Biochar from açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) seeds was produced through enrichment with single and triple superphosphate at a ratio of 1:4, at 400 °C, and applied to mining tailings at 0.5%, 1%, and 2%. After one year of incubation, lettuce plants were grown for 70 days. Biochar reduced As absorption by lettuce and improved biomass and nutrient accumulation, resulting in improved vegetation indices. Biochar was effective in reducing non-carcinogenic As risks via ingestion of soil and plants to acceptable levels. Regression equations explained the As absorption behavior as affected by the biochar and the importance of biochar-related nutrients in reducing As stress. This study demonstrates the potential of P-enriched biochar as an amendment for As-contaminated soils, reducing As absorption, increasing P availability, and improving plant growth.
The Formation Age and Magma Source of the Xiaonanshan–Tunaobao Cu-Ni-PGE Deposit in the Northern Margin of the North China Craton
Authors: Bai Guanlin , Jiao Jiangang , Zheng Xiaotong , Ma Yunfei , Gao Chao
Published: July 2024

The Xiaonanshan–Tunaobao Cu-Ni-PGE deposit is located in the northern margin of the North China Craton (N-NCC) in central Inner Mongolia. However, the age, magma source, petrogenesis, and sulfide mineralization mechanism of the ore-related Xiaonanshan-Tunaobao pluton remain unclear. Zircon U-Pb dating indicates the Tunaobao pluton formed at 275.9 ± 2.8 Ma (Early Permian), similar to the Xiaonanshan pluton (272.7 ± 2.9 Ma). The ore-related gabbro is enriched in LREE and LILE (e.g., Rb) and depleted in HREE and HFSE (e.g., Nb and Ti). It likely originated from enriched mantle metasomatized by subduction fluids, supported by enriched Hf-Nd isotopes (–34.34 to –6.16 for zircon εHf(t) and –7.24 to –5.92 for whole-rock εNd(t) values) and high Ba/La but low Rb/Y ratios. The δ34S values of the Xiaonanshan sulfides range from 4.5‰ to 11.4‰, indicating a mantle origin with contribution from surrounding rocks. Combining previous recognition with this study, we propose that the Xiaonanshan–Tunaobao pluton formed in a post-collision extensional setting.