bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of COVID-19 on the private higher education system and students in Oman
Authors: Abushammala Mohammed , Qazi Wajeeha , Manchiryal Ram Kishore
Published: August 2021

The outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) worldwide has had a significant impact on the global higher education community. The governments around the world adopted social confinement measures to combat COVID-19, which has resulted in the closure of higher education institutions. Faced with multiple challenges, faculties rapidly converted curriculum to an online environment, which is anticipated to occur without sufficient preparation. Therefore, this study conducted a survey of students in post-secondary private institutions throughout Oman, to understand different approaches adopted by academic institutions to deliver education during the COVID-19 restriction, and the consequences of these restrictions on academic activities and quality of education. Moreover, the extent to which personal and financial circumstances have created challenges for students to continue their education is also analyzed. A total of 213 respondents completed the study, which were overrepresented by students enrolled in bachelors programme. The student satisfaction from the arrangement and delivery of education online was not more than 50 percent. The exams were cancelled and replaced by extra coursework in most cases, and in some cases students were assessed based on only the existing coursework. The major concern for many students (40%) was the inability to pay tuition fees due to the financial implication caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
COVID-19 mandated self-directed distance learning: Experiences of Saudi female postgraduate students
Authors: Alghamdi Amani
Published: August 2021

Since the emergence of the 2020 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, Saudi Arabia (SA) has preserved the safety of its citizens by mandating crisis distance education (CDE). Appreciating that most learners struggle with such an abrupt shift in delivery mode, especially one that depends on self-directed learning (SDL), this exploratory, qualitative study solicited data in May 2020 from a convenience sample of 20 Saudi female postgraduate students enrolled at a public university in the Eastern Province of SA. Findings affirmed that SDL via CDE contributed to their educational growth, and they will continue to engage with SDL after the health crisis ends. In short, their SDL CDE experience changed the way they will approach their education in the future. Their high level of SDL allowed them to assume responsibility for their learning. They especially gained an appreciation for the role of reflection, self-monitoring, and self-evaluation. SDL both instilled and promoted self-confidence, self-reliance, commitment, and perseverance. Implications for future research were tendered and universities are encouraged to intentionally build learning environments that support learner-centered and self-directed learning to move the country through and beyond the COVID 19 pandemic.
Camera Roll, Action! Non-specialist Undergraduate English Learners’ Perceptions of Using Video Production in Learning English
Authors: Mahardika I Gusti Ngurah Agung Wijaya , Widiati Utami , Bhastomi Yazid , Suryati Nunung
Published: August 2021

This paper reports on non-specialist undergraduate English learners' perceptions about the use of video project in learning English, which was adopted to counter students’ low English learning motivation. Data were collected from the first-semester students of Hinduism Education Department in a state university in Indonesia. The students were taught English using group-based video projects where they developed their own scenarios, shot, edited, and presented their videos by themselves. Video production was used to enable the learners to use English actively and improve learners’ motivation to learn English in the future by promoting the learner’s sense of achievement. Using a questionnaire and interview, the researcher obtained data on students’ perceptions of the use of video project in learning English. The study results showed that the learners have a positive perception of the impact of video production on their English learning (dimension mean of 4.07). The learners also reported that video production improved their confidence in their English and increased their motivation (dimension mean of 4.17). Lastly, the learners considered video production as a feasible, enjoyable, and affordable way to learn English (dimension mean of 4.29).
A peer-observation initiative to enhance student engagement in the synchronous virtual classroom: A case study of a COVID-19 mandated move to online learning
Authors: Andrew Lesley , Wallace Ruth , Sambell Ros
Published: August 2021

The global COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated a rapid shift to online delivery in higher education. This learning and teaching environment is associated with reduced student engagement, a crucial prerequisite of student satisfaction, retention and success. This paper presents a case study that explored student engagement in the synchronous virtual learning environment, during the mandatory move to exclusive online learning in Australian higher education in April to June 2020. Three university instructors used the Teaching and Learning Circles Model to observe a series of their peers' synchronous virtual classrooms, from which they reflected on ways to enhance their own practice. The findings demonstrate how student engagement in these classrooms can be strengthened across the four constructs of Kahu and Nelson’s (2018) engagement conceptual framework: belonging; emotional response; wellbeing and self-efficacy. The case study also reveals limitations of the synchronous virtual environment as a means of supporting student engagement in the online learning and teaching environment, and proposes ways to address them. Against emerging reports of increased mental health issues among isolated university students during the current pandemic, the case study's recommendations to improve student wellbeing and belonging are particularly salient. This article also highlights the usefulness of the Teaching and Learning Circles Model of peer observation as a way to guide its participants' reflections on their own practice, support their collegiality with academic peers and build their confidence and competence in the synchronous virtual learning environment.
A deeper look at predicting outcomes for future educators
Authors: Van Namen Merideth
Published: August 2021

Because educator licensure is gained by passing licensure examinations in most states, scores on high stakes tests are determining factors as to who will be teaching in America’s classrooms. Due to a focus on program graduation rates, state funding cuts, and production of quality teachers, it is vital that teacher preparation programs produce the quality and quantity of teachers needed to fill the educator deficit. The purpose of the study was to analyze various performance variables of pre-service teachers enrolled in a teacher preparation to identify predictors of performance on required licensure examinations. Findings of the study revealed there is a relationship between Praxis I: Reading scores and Praxis II scores, Praxis I: Writing scores and Praxis II scores, Praxis I: Mathematics scores and Praxis II scores, GPA and Praxis II scores, and CBASE scores and Praxis II scores. The strongest relationships that exist between variables and Praxis II scores are initial Praxis I: Reading scores and overall CBASE scores.
JUSIPBEK AYMAUYTOV'S CONTRIBUTION TO PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
Authors:   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Akazhanova A.T.
Published: August 2021

The article reveals the importance of psychological and pedagogical legacy of talented, well-known for the Kazakh public writer, poet, translator Zh.Aimauytov, analyzes his scientific book "Psychology" and "Psychology and the choice of occupation," have made a significant contribution to the history of formation and development of modern psychological science of Kazakhstan.
Sacred concepts associated with wild animals and birds in Kazakh folklore
Authors:   M.O. Auezova Institute of Literature and Art,  Almaty, Kazakhstan, Yerkin E.
Published: August 2021

Kazakh people, who lived In the great steppes during the great Patriotic war, were well aware of the properties of animals and birds. Like the ancient peoples of the world were fetishism, Magic, Animism, Totemism, etc., the Kazakh people have preserved such ancient beliefs. "When people believed that some animals are saints, thought that they were born with them, and some animals believed in the ancestors of the genus. If such animals were not good, there would be no hunters, " writes academician S. Kaskabasov (Kaskabasov C, 2002:200). In fact, in the genusshoulders, forming the Kazakh people, there is a trust to associate their origin with known plant, animal or natural phenomena. Example: the motto of the naimans-Kaptagai (Tookit). Tolpagai is the name of Atan-jilikti, Nar figala, the terrible camel storm, and therefore, the ancient clans-tribes associated their distribution with known genetically related animals, plants, revered them and found them on their rear qualities.
THE POETIC SOUND OF THE PROSE OF ABISH KEKILBAYEV IN THE KAZAKH CINEMATOGRAPH
Authors:   Kazakh National University of Arts, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, Gabdrashitova K. A.
Published: August 2021

The article deals with films based on the works of Abish Kekilbayev. A detailed analysis of the films by D. Manabay “Revenge” (2006) and J.Zhetiruov “The Well” (2017) was made, the emphasis was placed on reproducing the poetic sound of the prose of the writer in films. On the example of the mentioned films, the phenomenon of cinematography of literary works is revealed, the poetics of films are considered. Particular attention is directed to the study of screenpoetic traditions, the visual range and plot-dramatic construction of films, the poetic sound of the landscape in Kazakh cinema. The theoretical issues of film adaptation and its types are also considered on the example of the works of Abish Kekilbayev.
FOLKLORE FUNDAMENTALS OF THE IMAGE OF RAIMBEK BATYR IN MODERN LITERATURE
Authors:   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Abiyr K.
Published: August 2021

The article provides a detailed theoretical analysis of the continuity of literature and folklore in the context of the development of historical poetics. The place and role of folklore in modern literature in the context of the state of artistic development of the novel genre, including the historical novel, was studied. An example of this is the novel-dilogy "Raimbek Batyr" by Zh. Turlybayevich. The main purpose of the article is to study the role of folklore motifs in the creation of an artistic image of a historical figure. In modern prose, the influence of world folklore on the creation of an artistic image of a real historical figure is considered in detail. The common typological plots of world folklore in the description of Raimbek's formation as a hero, his heroic deeds were considered on the basis of comparative, comparative, typological analysis. As a result, the aspects of the author's personal creativity in creating an artistic image were identified. The results of the analysis showed that the plot structure of the novel is systematized on the basis of parallels with similar motifs typical of archaic, heroic, historical, novel, epic epics in the world folklore heritage, as well as national folklore.
DIKHOTOMY IN THE NOVEL OF SATIMZHAN SANBAEV "WHITE ARUANA"
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Arukenova O.A.
Published: August 2021

The article analyzes a novel of Satimzhan Sanbaev “White Aruana” with regards to the semantic layers encoded in symbols and metaphors inherent in the mentality of the Kazakh people. The novel had been researched by many literary critics as one of the bright stories of socialist realism, but has never been considered in psychoanalytical aspect and in the frame of colonial discourse. The theme of this article is a psychology and tragedy of the disabled war veteran and colonial discourse transmitted through an image of Aruana camel as a parallel to the main character, its genesis and interpretation. Texts created in Soviet times by representatives of Turkic culture on the border of a nomadic and sedentary lifestyle still need proper interpretation in terms of colonial discourse and a strategy for encoding meanings in the era of ideological censorship. The story of Satimzhan Sanbaev is considered in the article from the point of view of literary psychoanalysis and intertextuality, the semantic layers of the work are analyzed in the aspect of linguistic bilingualism. The article traces how the writer realizes his plan using the symbols and metaphors of nomadic culture, revealing the image and significance of the totem animal. The aim of the study, therefore, is to identify the semantics and functions of poetics that implements the theme in the text of the writer.
THE TRUTH OF THE TIME IN THE NOVEL BY T. SAUKETAEVA «MOONLIT DARKNESS»
Authors:   Institute of Literature and Art named after M.O. Auezov, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Zhumataeva A.N.
Published: August 2021

In this article presents a scientific analysis of the novel «Moonlight darkness» written by T. Sauketaev about the December 1986 revolution. The author comprehensively examines in the novel the interaction of historical reality and the artistic solution, the question of human destiny. Also analyzed are the symbolic value of landscape sketching, the poetics of the author’s image in the writer's discourse. The article reflects the psychological state and internal character of the people who reflected the political system in the author's story. As well as political and social factors, such as resistance to national interests during the Soviet period, the problems described in the plot are based on a hard idea. We discuss the review of the image of the writer, the plot and the vision of the author.
RHYTHM AND METRIC FEATURES OF YANKA KUPALA'S PRE-OCTOBER PERIOD POETRY
Authors:   Belarusian State UniversityМinsk, Belarus, Aleychenko A. ,   e-mail: yuliya.aleychenko@mail.ru
Published: August 2021

The article deals with the research of Yanka Kupala's versification of the pre-October period in an integrated multi-dimensional approach. It is considered the difference of functional and structural characteristics of metric and rhythmic verse levels. It is identified the semantic role of rhythm-forming components and the semantic range of certain meters in Yanks Kupala's works. With the help of statistical and comparative-typological methods there are extracted the objective information about the rhythmic-metric features of the books «Zhaleyka», «Guslyar», «Slyasham zhyccia», traced the evolution of the creative heritage of the poet. It is dealt with the ways of the establishing of syllabic and accentual verse principles in Belarusian poetry of the early twentieth century by Yanka Kupala, as well as the objective laws of the organic synthesis of syllabic-tonic and tonic verse systems. Research prepares materials for creation of directory poetic dimensions of the creative heritage of the poet, theoretical and practical course on Yanka Kupala's versification, the same way as a relevant monographic studies.
THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATION: ANCIENT RIPS IN THE KAZAKH OPERA
Authors:   M.O.Auezov Institute of Literature and Art, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Omarova A.
Published: August 2021

This paper presents the new evidence that confirms the influence of A.V.Zataevich (direct and mediated) on the work of composers in the genre of opera in Kazakhstan. Relying on the support of various sources, mainly inaccessible and/or forgotten, there is shown the true scale of the use of song and instrumental samples of his musical and ethnographic collections of the «1000 songs of the Kyrgyz people (tunes and melodies)» (1925), «500 Kazakh songs and kuy…» (1931) and piano transcriptions (treatments) that are created in parallel with the collecting activity. In this regard for the first time the variety of forms and results which are opening a real contribution of A.V.Zataevich in the development of the Kazakh opera art is designated., Keywords: сhant, song, folklore, quote, tradition, composer, opera, plot, globalization.
Modern Kazakh novels: the genre transformation
Authors:   M.O. Auezov Institute of Literature and ArtLeading researcher, PhD, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Sultan Y.
Published: August 2021

This article discusses and analyzes the modern novel form, which went beyond the classical criteria. In particular, according to the works of such authors as T. Abdikov "Parasat Maidany", M.Magauin "Zharmak" and D.Amantay "Flowers and books", a genre modification of the modern novels is defined. As a result of the analysis of the works of contemporary writers, original tricks,and techniques for the transmission of modern reality by each author have been revealed. So, T.Abdikov resorts to a diary narrative,using for his artistic purposes it's "confessional", "reflective" function, which helps to reveal the character and creates the illusion of the authenticity and truthfulness of the depicted reality,and M.Magauin uses the paradigm of duality reflected in Western literature in the works of A. Camus, Z. Freud, C.-G. Jung. Thus, M.Magauin rises to the philosophical generalization of modern reality in the postmodern image. D. Amantay completely withdraws from the traditional forms of narration, tries to revealthe contradictory essence of modern reality.
THE EDUCATIONAL ESSENCE OF THE AUTHOR’S HISTORICAL EPICS
Authors:   M.O. Auezov Institute of Literature and Art, al-Farabi Kazakh National University,Almaty, Kazakshtan, Kabdeshova K.
Published: August 2021

To leave rough education and useful teaching for future generations is a burden for adults. In this article, the researcher touches on the idea of the younger generation to become a patriot, linking pedagogy with copyrighted historical epics thatare not publicly known. This study considers the issues of forming in younger generations through an author historical epics of qualities such as perseverance, patriotism, love of Motherland, being a hard working person, respect for the elderly, asking for a blessing from the elderly when going on a journey, protecting their people and land, performing civil duty, and etc.To reveal the topic, the author cites samples from the epics of the Zhetysu authors. In particular, patriotic education is linked with the historical epics “Er Azhibay” by Abzeit Malikeuly, “Bayseit Batyr” by Sayadil Kerimbekuly, “Shayan Batyr” by Esdaulet Kandekov.And also the author’s views on patriotic education in the article correspond to the messages, programs, and initiatives of the Lider of the country N. Nazarbayev.
A Comprehensive Review on Classification of Oral Ulcerative Lesions
Authors: Handa Hina
Published: August 2021

Oral mucosal lesions are a broad group of lesions which are located in the soft tissues of the oral cavity identified by its specific etiology, clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis and treatment. White lesions of the oral cavity constitute a rather common group of lesions that are encountered during routine clinical dental practice. The process of clinical diagnosis and treatment planning is of great concern to the patient as it determines the prognosis. There should be in-depth knowledge to the consultant about the varied clinical features, etiology of the disease and various treatment plans. Clinical diagnostic skills and ideal judgment forms the key to successful management of white lesions of the oral cavity This review will discuss many of the most common intraoral white lesions including their clinical presentation, how to make an accurate diagnosis
Príspevok k topografickému výskumu malakofauny okresu Levice [Contribution to the topographic malacological survey in the Levice District, SW Slovakia]
Authors: Šteffek Jozef , Falniowski Andrzej , Szarowska Magda
Published: August 2021

The paper brings new information on mollusc distribution of Levice District in southern part of Central Slovakia. The data were obtained from 14 localities, which lie mainly in the vicinity of the Ipeľ River and southern slopes of Štiavnické vrchy Mts. Together 78 mollusc species (50 land species and 28 fresh-water species) were found. From 9 localities a litter sample from 1m² was analyzed for quantitative evaluation of snail assemblages. Malacocoenoses of thermophilous forest mollusc species were determined in the area of Štiavnické vrchy Mts. foothill (localities 2, 7, 8). The species Limacus flavus, Euconulus praticola, Pisidium amnicum and Unio crassus albensis are important from the viewpoint of nature conservation and geographical distribution. Carpathian species Bythinella austriaca, Vestia turgida, Bielzia coerulans and also European forest species Merdigera obscura reach the southern boundary of their natural area of occurrence. Typical for this region are malacocoenoses of xeric biotopes, composed from species of 4–6 ecoelement – Cecilioides acicula, Cepaea vindobonensis, Granaria frumentum, Chondrula tridens, Xerolenta obvia, Truncatellina cylindrica, Cochlicopa lubricella and Monacha cartusiana. High diversity was observed by freshwater malacocoenoses. Anodonta anatina attenuata, A. cygnea solearis, Unio tumidus zelebori, Radix ampla are typical for stagnant water biotopes (abandoned ‘paleopotamon’ side arms). In slow flowing waters of the Ipeľ River beside the common species also rare species like Anisus septemgyratus and Pisidium amnicum were detected. Interesting is also the occurrence of strong population of invasive species of Asian mussel Sinanodonta woodiana, which is known to infiltrate into a number of streams all around Slovakia.
First record of Chondrina clienta (Westerlund, 1883) from Bohemia (Czech Republic)
Authors: Horsák Michal , Novák Jiří
Published: August 2021

The occurrence of land snail Chondrina clienta (Westerlund, 1883) (Gastropoda: Chondrinidae) from Bohemia (Czech Republic) is reported for the first time.
(Trans)formações do Palhaço: Breve história dos tipos clássicos da palhaçaria
Authors: Sena Jonathan Brites , Oliveira Natassia Duarte Garcia Leite de
Published: August 2021

O presente artigo é um recorte atualizado da pesquisa (Trans)Formações do Palhaço: História dos Tipos e Técnica na Arte da Palhaçaria (2014). A investigação buscou compreender a constituição da figura do palhaço. Por meio de diversas referências. Os principais tipos clássicos, especialmente a dupla cômica Branco e Augusto e o Contra-Augusto, identificando algumas de suas características. Acredita-se que a diversidade encontrada em diversos contextos influenciou as concepções de palhaço presentes na contemporaneidade. Com essa contribuição é possível, portanto, refletir sobre como a arte da palhaçaria vem se desenvolvendo culturalmente.
Novos teatros para velhas casas
Authors: Motta Gilson Moraes
Published: August 2021

Partindo de uma hipótese que admite que a pandemia da Covid-19 gerou não somente um novo modo de produção teatral, mas também uma “nova arte”, o presente texto reflete sobre as possibilidades técnicas e estéticas geradas para o teatro de formas animadas pelas plataformas de transmissão de espetáculos online. Se, por um lado, notaremos que essa “nova arte” reafirma elementos da prática e da estética teatral tradicional, por outro, ela contém elementos instigantes, referentes, sobretudo, ao uso do espaço. Para desenvolver essa análise, tomarei como base de discussão o espetáculo Crescer pra passarinho, produzido pelo Coletivo Performers sem Fronteiras em 2020.
Mecanismos de pandemia: experiências de confecção de bonecos e cenas curtas em casa
Authors: Maman Leandro Luiz de , Coelho Sandra Regina
Published: August 2021

Relato do processo criativo do grupo catarinense Eranos Círculo de Arte em ambiente domiciliar durante a pandemia, através da construção de bonecos e criação de cenas curtas. Foram desenvolvidos bonecos de vara com estrutura impressa em 3D a partir da obra de Hansjürgen Fettig, que deram origem às cenas Am(ar), Coração Inbox, A Tempestade e Jornaleco. A impossibilidade do encontro presencial com a plateia alterou drasticamente a produção teatral do grupo.
¿Vivimos una simulación? Las formas animadas entre lo presencial y lo virtual
Authors: Ramirez Mautone Cesar Luis , Rodriguez Assandri María Belén
Published: August 2021

El artículo plantea la experiencia de Tormenta de Lagartos, en relación a la creación de su último espectáculo La Chupósfera, que navegó del estado previo a la emergencia sanitaria transitando el espacio virtual, el aislamiento, la relación con las restricciones y cómo llegamos a la actualidad. Se formulan preguntas y reflexiones, además de compartir nuestro teatro de muñecos, máscaras y formas animadas y nuestro método de escritura y registro a través de las llamadas: “bitácoras”.
Quand la mode s’en allait aux champs : la consommation textile au Bas-Canada au milieu du XIXe siècle
Authors: Craig Béatrice
Published: August 2021

Dans la première moitié du XIXe siècle selon Vallières et Desloges, les tissus bon marché pénétrèrent massivement le marché urbain bas-canadien, qui se vit offrir des choix variés et constamment renouvelés d’articles. Cette étude montre que les consommateurs ruraux avaient également accès à une large variété d’articles, incluant des textiles récemment introduits sur le marché, et qu’ils tirèrent avantage des choix offerts. Leurs achats révèlent des préférences pour certains articles plutôt que d’autres, préférences qui variaient dans le temps et l’espace. Les habitants ne suivaient peut-être pas LA mode de près, mais il y avait clairement des modes locales.
Les fondements de la conformité des États de l’Afrique subsaharienne au droit international des droits humains
Authors: Nkoué Eléazar Michel
Published: August 2021

Le propos de cet article entend clarifier le débat juridique autour des fondements de la conformité des États de l’Afrique subsaharienne au droit international des droits humains. L’analyse proposée tend à souligner l’originalité de la position de l’auteur qui, sans toutefois récuser le formalisme juridique, démontre que c’est principalement hors du droit que réside le fondement de la conformité des États de l’Afrique subsaharienne au droit international des droits humains. En tenant compte de la fragilité économique et stratégique de ces États, il soutient que le fondement substantiel de leur conformité est dû à la pression économique, financière et politique qu’ils subissent de la part des sujets puissants de la société internationale. Par ailleurs, il propose comme fondement subsidiaire l’influence de la culture juridique occidentale et la recherche de la crédibilité de ces États faibles sur le plan international.
The Non-Ratification of the 1951 Convention on Refugees: An Indian Paradoxical Approach to Human Rights
Authors: Boutier Indira
Published: August 2021

The following paper explores the position of India on refugees and its resistance to signing the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees. It first revisits the colonial frame in which a refugee policy was thrust upon the country. Secondly, it analyzes the geopolitical and internal constraints that determined India’s approach to the refugee question in the 1950s. Finally, it focuses on the current moment to discuss the implications of the recent amendment of the Citizenship Act for refugees in India. Such a long-term approach can open the door to a process of accommodation both by international organizations and by national governments around some universal humanitarian principles that must govern refugee policies. States remain sovereign in their international commitments. They choose to ratify a treaty or not, and to denounce it or not. In addition, human rights institutions are regularly criticized and attacked by States while their legitimacy is often questioned. It is this sovereign freedom of each State, which makes this matter difficult to grasp. We believe that understanding the factors influencing States in their choices is particularly crucial in this period of instability in international relations.
Compliance without Ratification. Using International Law in Non-Binding Scenarios
Authors: Friedman Andrew
Published: August 2021

While the end goal of international treaties is full participation, states are often resistant to ratification. As such, it is worthwhile to examine the effects that international law, including international treaties, have on states prior to ratification. This paper endeavors to determine the extent to which non-state-parties utilize international legal instruments, including the ways in which such law is included in domestic legal regimes and by looking at case studies where international law, used as a proxy for “rejoining the international community” has played a significant role in policy making despite a lack of ratification. The paper also examines the pushback on this framing and potential negatives. By examining the effects of international law on non-state-parties it opens up new forms of advocacy based on international legal norms and instruments, even in states that have not ratified such instruments in conjunction with advocacy efforts on ratification.
Theoretical study of wide-field fluorescence microscopy based on dynamic speckle illumination
Authors: Yin Jun , Wang Shao-Fei , Zhang Jun-Jie , Xie Jia-Chen , Chen Hong-Yu , Jia Yuan , Hu Xu-Jin , Yu Ling-Yao ,   Photonics Research Center, School of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China,   Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instruments, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
Published: August 2021

In order to obtain the internal fine structure of biological tissues and living cells, the microscopic imaging technology is required to be capable of microscopy. In the wide-field fluorescence microscopy with dynamic speckle illumination, a series of dynamically changing speckle patterns are used to illuminate a biological sample in the whole field. The fluorescence sectioning images of sample’s three-dimensional structural are obtained by extracting intensely changing fluorescence signals in the focal plane. In this paper, the process of obtaining fluorescence sectioning images by the fluorescence microscopy is studied by theoretical analysis and simulation. Two main factors affecting the imaging quality of fluorescence sectioning image are analyzed, which are the number of original fluorescence images recorded by CCD and granularity of diffuser. The simulation results indicates that the imaging quality of fluorescence sectioning images first increases and then tends to saturation with the number of original fluorescence images increasing. It first increases and then decreases with the graininess of diffusers increasing. Considering the imaging quality and imaging time, when the number of original fluorescence images is 60 that is used to extract fluorescence sectioning images, and the granularity of diffuser is about 1000, the high spatial resolution fluorescence sectioning images with contrast higher than 85% can be obtained. Theoretical analysis and simulation research provide a theoretical basis and guidance for designing the system structure, implementing and optimizing the wide-field fluorescence microscopy with dynamic speckle illumination.
Correlated imaging based on biperiodic light field of optical phased array
Authors: Sun Yan-Ling , Cao Rui , Wang Zi-Hao , Liao Jia-Li , Liu Qi-Xin , Feng Jun-Bo , Wu Bei-Bei ,   School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China,   United Microelectronics Center , Chongqing 401332, China
Published: August 2021

Correlated imaging, or ghost imaging, has aroused the interest of researchers in recent years. Optical phased array (OPA) as a high-integration, low-cost, and high-speed light illuminating device is suitable for application in correlated imaging. Here we use a two-dimensional 4 × 4 silicon integrated OPA in which each channel has an independently tunable phase shifter. In this work, the new features of correlated imaging given by periodic pseudo-thermal light field of OPA are demonstrated. The correlated imaging with biperiodic light field of OPA under different conditions including darkroom, thermal noise and phase perturbation without splitter is reported; the image stitching based on biperiodic light field of OPA is also presented. This work is of significance in promoting the progress of imaging technology and expanding the application of OPA.
Influence of spherical aberration on beam quality of high-power laser beams propagating upwards in the atmosphere
Authors: Huang Zi-Yue , Deng Yu , Ji Xiao-Ling ,   Department of Physics, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
Published: August 2021

For laser ablation propulsion’s applications in space (e.g., space-debris removal, etc.), the laser power is well above the critical power for self-focusing in the atmosphere. Therefore, the self-focusing effect on the beam quality is very significant. In addition, a high-power laser beam is usually accompanied with spherical aberration due to nonlinear effects in its generation process. In this paper, the influence of spherical aberration on the beam quality of high-power laser beams propagating upwards in the atmosphere is studied by using numerical simulation. It is shown that for the large beam size case, the target intensity may be improved by applying the positive spherical aberration. However, for the small beam size case, the target intensity may be improved by using the negative spherical aberration. Furthermore, a laser beam with a large size is more suitable for laser ablation propulsion’s applications in space than that with a small size. Owing to the linear diffraction effect and the nonlinear self-focusing effect, there exists optimal beam power to maximize the target intensity. The formula of the optimal beam power is fitted for the large beam size case in this paper. On the other hand, the focal shift appears due to diffraction, self-focusing and spherical aberration, which results in a degradation of the beam quality on the target. For the large beam size case, to move the actual focus to the target and improve the beam quality on the target, the formula of the modified focal length is also derived in this paper. The results obtained in this paper are of important theoretical significance and practical value.
Sexual Maturity in Adolescents Suffering from Sickle Cell Disease: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Shah Vijay , Patel Akash , Bambharoliya Praful , Patadia Jigisha
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is an inherited chronic haemolytic anaemia. The diseased person suffers from various complications such as anaemia, frequent infection, fever, hand-foot syndrome, stroke, etc. Puberty changes includes the appearance of the secondary sexual characteristics, increase in height, change in body composition and development of reproductive capacity. Aim: To study the sexual maturity and effect of multiple blood transfusions in adolescents suffering from SCD. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted on 35 adolescents of age group 11 to 15 years, suffering from SCD. Study was conducted over a period of six months from March 2018 to September 2018 at Department of Paediatrics. SCD was diagnosed by Haemoglobin (Hb) electrophoresis. Weight and height were measured of all the participants. For assessing the sexual maturity, Tanners staging was used. Unpaired t-test was done for data analysis. Results: The mean age of the patients was 13.03±1.7 years. There were 25 males and 10 females. The mean age of male patients between Tanner stage 2(14.63±0.52 years) and Tanner stage 3 (14.75±0.5 years) was significantly higher than the Indian data for males (11.3 and 12.8 years, respectively). The mean age of female patients between Tanner stages 2 (13.5±2.12 years) and Tanner stage 3 (14.33±1.16 years) was higher than the Indian reference data for girls (10.2 and 11.6 years respectively). Conclusion: This study concluded that adolescents with SCD were significantly shorter in height and weight than the standard reference population. Sexual maturity is delayed in adolescents with sickle cell anaemia.
Mass Forming Chronic Pancreatitis Mimicking a Pancreatic Neoplasm: A Case Report
Authors: Gosavi Sarang
Published: August 2021

Chronic pancreatitis can present as a focal inflammatory mass mimicking pancreatic neoplasm and also it has increased risk of developing pancreatic cancer. Even with the help of multiple new imaging modalities, convincing differentiating points between these two entities is not available. Hereby, the author present a case of 50-year-old female with epigastric pain since one month. No significant past history or any history of addictions was present. On clinical examination, there was tenderness in epigastric region, however no lump could be felt. Her laboratory parameters revealed, raised bilirubin levels. Amylase and lipase levels were slightly raised. Computed Tomography (CT) revealed heterogeneously enhancing mass involving head and uncinate process of pancreas with loss of fat planes between lesion and superior mesenteric vessels, atrophic pancreas with dilated pancreatic duct and multiple ductal calculi. CT guided biopsy of pancreatic mass was performed. Histopathology revealed pancreatic tissue with fibrocollagenous and fibroadipose tissue with dense and diffuse infiltration by mononuclear cells, histiocytes and a few foamy macrophages suggestive of acute on chronic inflammation with no evidence of any malignant cells.
Evaluation of Ropivacaine versus Ropivacaine with Fentanyl for Postoperative Epidural Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Elective Lower Abdominal Oncosurgeries- A Randomised Clinical Study
Authors: Srihari SS , Appa KS Henjar , Arathi BH , Rashmi NR , Gowda VB , Ranganath Namrata
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Epidural analgesia has emerged as one of the preferred and convenient modes of intraoperative and postoperative management owing to advantage of not interfering with metabolic functions, better tolerability and decrease in reflex activity, similar analgesic properties, less motor blockade and decreased propensity of cardiotoxicity. Neuraxial opioids like fentanyl used in epidural analgesia offer advantage of augmenting local anaesthetic effect and reducing the anaesthetic and analgesic requirement. Aim: To compare the adequacy of analgesia, requirement of rescue analgesics between 0.2% ropivacaine and 0.2% ropivacaine with 2 mcg/cc fentanyl. Materials and Methods: The randomised clinical study was carried out from September 2016 to May 2018 in 70 patients (35 in each group) of American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) 1 and 2 scheduled for elective lower abdominal oncological surgeries. The anaesthetic intervention in group R was 0.2 % ropivacaine and group RF was 0.2% ropivacaine with 2 mcg/cc fentanyl. All data was statistically analyzed and compared using Student t-test, Chi-square/Fisher-Exact test. The p-value <0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: Both the groups were compatible with regard to demographic data and haemodynamic variables. The mean Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were higher in group R compared to group RF at 0, 2, 4, 12, 18 and 24 hours but the observed difference in both the groups was not statistically significant except at 1 and 6 hours. Number of rescue analgesics as epidural boluses (p-value=0.007) and paracetamol (p-value=0.022) requirement were more in group R compared to group RF respectively. Conclusion: On account of adequate postoperative analgesia, haemodynamic stability, ropivacaine with fentanyl is a better option than ropivacaine alone for epidural infusion.
Partial Molar Caesarean Scar Pregnancy- A Case Report
Authors: Justa Usha , Syal Geetika Gupta , Mittal Rita , Jha Shruti , Bala Jyotika
Published: August 2021

Caesarean Scar Pregnancy (CSP) is a rare entity. Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD) in a CSP is exceedingly rare. This can lead to complications like rupture uterus, severe haemorrhage, hypovolemia which may require hysterectomy, endanger a woman’s life, her future fertility and death. As no therapeutic protocols have been established about this rare condition, it is difficult to diagnose and manage. The case report describes a patient, 26-year-old gravida 2 para 1, was diagnosed with a CSP with partial mole. She was treated with systemic Methotrexate (MTX) followed by surgery-wedge resection of ectopic mass and repair of uterus. Patient remained on β-hCG follow-up with us. The management of CSP requires high clinical suspicion and immediate action with combination of various treatment modalities. Primary caesarean section rate must be reduced by performing caesareans only for justified reasons, so as to decrease the incidence of scar pregnancies.
Peptic Ulcer Perforation: An Enigma Since Antiquity
Authors: Agrawal Sujan Narayan
Published: August 2021

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a serious medical condition. The perforation of peptic ulcers (PPU) causes a steep rise in mortality and morbidity. It accounts for 70% of deaths associated with PUD. More than 60% of perforations occur in the anterior wall of the duodenum, while 20% of it is in the antrum. The gastric ulcer perforation contributes to approximately 20% and is in lesser curvature. The risk factor includes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), Helicobactor pylori (H. Pylori), smoking, alcoholism, Corticosteroid, and stress are some of the risk factors. There is a change in the epidemiology of PUD recently. The improvement is remarkable and is due to improved socio-economic status, identification and treatment of Helicobacter pylori, and introduction of proton pump inhibitors. The H pylori infection remains one of the most important causes of PUD and its complications like PPU. The reason for reviewing and writing this paper is to evaluate the most common ideas on the treatment of peptic ulcer perforation, opinion on conservative treatment, and surgical treatment options.
Thin Films Growth of SnO_2:F/CdS/CdTe, and Studies of Their Physical and Optical Properties using Spray Pyrolysis Techniques
Authors: Musa A. O. , Ahmed A. B. , Said Mansur , Tsoho Mani , Suleiman A. B.
Published: August 2021

Fluorine doped tin oxide, Cadmium Sulphide  and Cadmium Telluride  thin films have been deposted on Soda Lime glass substrate at  respectively by spray pyrolysis (SP) technique and are important semiconductor materials in optoelectronic devices such as optical sensors, light-emitting diodes, transistors and photovoltaic cells.  thin films were characterized by various techniques such as X-ray diffraction, SEM and optical studies. X-ray diffraction measurements show that the deposited   was found to be of cassiterite type with tetragonal rutile structure, observation of peaks of different planes on an X-ray diffraction graph of  thin film showed that  film obtained were cubic structure. The main peak value of  thin film is seen at , which is the characteristic peak of the  compound  and the  film structure was obtained at the major peak  indicating the preferred orientation of  films along  direction. This confirms the formation of  thin film, with (111) as the strongest preferred plane of orientation. The surface morphology of the thin films was analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optical energy band gap of thin films are determine  The results showed that the prepared FTO, CdS and CdTe films can be used in solar energy applications.
Political, Social and Cultural Reforms under the Sovereignty of Amir Sher Ali Khan
Authors: Gharwal Saifullah , Ziar Asmatullah
Published: August 2021

The second rule of Amir Sher Ali Khan (1868-1878) has a special place in the contemporary history of Afghanistan. During this period, new features of the political, administrative, and cultural system were introduced, new institutions established in the country, and efforts were made to flourish civilization. He is one of the most broad-minded kings in the modern history of Afghanistan who has done his best for the development of Afghanistan. This article discusses the political, social, and cultural reforms of the second sovereignty of Amir Sher Ali Khan to create a sequence of historical events and take a chronological form, therefore, before his rule and especially during the reign of his father Amir Dost Mohammad Khan, several reform programs have been briefly discussed which the basis for his reforms are.

In this article, we conclude that Amir Sher Ali Khan has brought about significant political, social, and cultural reforms for the new Afghanistan. On the other hand, he got into a series of internal problems and a big game between the Russian and British colonial circles and not allowed him to carry out all his plans. The British invaded Afghanistan for the second time and ended its rule, and whatever programs for the flourishing of a new civilization were suspended, Afghanistan was left behind in the caravan of global progress.
Review on Deep Learning Based Automatic Detection of COVID-19 from Chest-X Ray Images
Authors: Rana Debaraj , Jena Swarna Prabha , Pradhan Subrat Kumar
Published: August 2021

The Global pandemic declared Corona Virus Disease (COVID 19) has affected severely tothe health of human being over the globe. More than 15 crore around worldwide have been affected by the Novel Corona virus and it is progressing rapidly. Mainly in the health sector, the hospitals are not properly equipped with proper diagnosis system which can detect the disease accurately with less time consumption. The Chest X Ray image are taking less time and cost effective which can be used for detection of COVID 19 even the severity can also be determine form the CXR images. In the current research many researchers are focusing on implementation of Deep learning method for accurate and quick detection of COVID 19 which can help the radiologist for evaluation of the disease. In this review, proposed Deep learning methodology from the literature have been discussed with their experimental data set. This review could help to develop modified architecture which gives more improvement in the diagnosis in term of computational complexity and time consumption
The Erosive Potential of Acidic Candies: An Ex Vivo Study
Authors: Oliveira Andressa Feitosa Bezerra , Ghazvini Aida , Vásquez Renzo Alberto Ccahuana , Meira Ingrid Andrade , Cunha Juliellen Luiz Da , Fernandes Nayanna Lana Soares , Amaechi Bennett Tochukwu
Published: August 2021

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the erosive potential of saliva on dental enamel sucking the acidic candies, and their effects on the pH, titratable acidity (TA) and buffering capacity (β) of saliva.

Methodology: Human enamel specimens (n = 216) were randomly in 17 acidic candy groups and one negative control (paraffin wax) group. Three human volunteers sucked each candy for 5 min while spitting into a covered and chilled vial. The pH, TA and β were measured immediately after the saliva collection. For erosive challenge, each specimen was immersed in saliva at room temperature for 120 min without agitation. The erosion was measured by surface microhardness (SMH) tester and with 3D non-contact optical profilometer for depth of surface loos (DSL). Percentage of SMH change (%SMHC) was calculated. ANOVA followed by Tukey test and Pearson correlation were performed (α=0.05).

Results: All candies lowered saliva pH below 5.5, and produced significant DSL (P<0.05) and %SMHC (P<0.01) on enamel, when compared to negative control. The Baby bottle Pop candy presented the lowest erosive potential. No significant differences were observed in DSL between all candies and the negative control, except for the PicoSitos candy. However, for the %SMHC almost all the candies were significantly different from negative control. Correlations were observed between the pH and TA and β, between TA and β, and between the %SMHC and DSL variables (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Acidic candies can lower the saliva pH, hindering its buffering effect. The DSL and %SMHC analysis showed enamel dissolution with all candies investigated.