bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fidelity of Heart
Authors: Gilman James E
Published: November 2023

What does it take to follow and not merely admire Jesus? How do religious affections reshape the practice of Christian values like love, peace, justice, and compassion? How can they possess both universal truth and local meaning? What role can they play in public life? In Fidelity of Heart Gilman answers these questions, while showing, in an innovative and provocative approach, how Christians can practice these values in ways continuous with the life of Jesus.
B
Authors: Andrews Tamra
Published: November 2023

Among the ancient Maya, the Bacabs were four wind gods who held up the sky at the corners of the earth. To the Maya, the universe was multilayered, and the Bacabs supported the thirteen heavens. Equivalent to the four Tezcatlipocas of the Aztecs, the Bacabs were the spirits of the cardinal points. The Bacabs assumed the task of supporting the thirteen heavens when a great flood poured down from the waters of the firmament, ended the rule of Chalchihuitlicue, the water goddess, and collapsed the sky.
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Authors: Andrews Tamra
Published: November 2023

The jaguar was a common image in myths of the Americas, a symbol, it has been said, for both the dark earth and the night sky. The jaguar had nocturnal habits, prowling the earth at night and sneaking around dark crags and mountain caves and roaring ferocious roars that rumbled like thunder. The animal represented earth because it preferred to remain hidden, and it represented the night sky because its spotted coat resembled the starry heavens.
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Authors: Andrews Tamra
Published: November 2023

The horror with which most people today view the practice of sacrifice is perhaps surpassed only by the sacredness with which it was viewed by many people of the past. Blood sacrifice was one of the most universal acts of piety; it was, and continues to be by some, the height of reverence for the gods. In polytheistic cultures, the gods controlled natural phenomena, so sacrifices ensured that these nature powers looked kindly upon the earth. What justified the practice of sacrifice to those who worshipped in this manner was their belief in appeasing the nature gods to gain their favor.
The Buddhist Precepts and Meditative Development
Authors: Sheng-yen Master , Stevenson Dan
Published: November 2023

The Avatmr, saka Sutra says, “The precepts are the foundation of supreme enlightenment:1’ Thus, one could say that the basic spirit of Buddhism is to be found in the solemn dignity of the precepts, or moral restraints, that describe the life of the Buddhist renunciant, and in the importance that followers of the Buddha’s teaching attach to their observance. For anyone who becomes a disciple of the Buddha, whether a layperson or one who has formally left the household life as a renunciant, the first great act by which one enters the gate of Buddhism is to receive the precepts. Without this, one is not really sanctioned by the Buddhist tradition, even though one may consider oneself to be a believer and practitioner of Buddhism. One is just an ordinary person who hangs outside the gate.
Chan and the Sudden Path to Enlightenment
Authors: Sheng-yen Master , Stevenson Dan
Published: November 2023

In our introductory chapter on Chan and emptiness, we introduced a distinction between the “sudden;’ or “instantaneous;’ approach to enlightenment and the “gradual;’ or “graduated;’ approach. We noted that the Chan tradition identifies itself with the sudden path, while at the same time preserving basic principles of spiritual discipline and development characteristic of the more traditional, graduated path. Having touched upon the rudiments of the graduated practice in our discussion of the three disciplines of moral purity, meditative concentration, and meditative contemplation, or insight, we will now turn to the concept and practice of Chan.
What It Means to Be a Chan Master
Authors: Sheng-yen Master , Stevenson Dan
Published: November 2023

To act like a Chan master or talk about being a Chan master is a very easy thing to do; but to actually become a Chan master is difficult. What is a Chan master? In effect, it is to develop the viewpoint of Chan and to use Chan methods to become master of oneself The Chan school drew its inspiration or “heart” from India, but developed its characteristic form and institutions in China. One of the first marks of being a Chan master is to be personally versed in both the heart and form of Chan. Properly speaking, though, this constitutes a practitioner of Chan, and not necessarily a Chan master.
The Quranic World-view
Authors: Ruthven Malise
Published: November 2023

Few things are more indicative of the cultural differences between Europe and the Arab world than the sounds which emerge from the radio. In Europe the heavy, stressed rhythms of western rock music, punctuated by chat from fast-talking disc jockeys, create contrasting patterns which flash at the ear like so many multi-coloured neon signs. The aural world of Arab radio seems to operate within a much narrower range of frequencies. The complex rhythms and quarter-tones of eastern music are considerably more subtle than the strident impulses which hypnotize western listeners, while the language has a richness of tone and density of texture that seems to combine the warmth of a Bukhara carpet with the silken delicacy of Damascus brocade.
Old West and New South, 1865–1890
Authors: Campbell Randolph
Published: November 2023

Texas enjoys a fabled past as part of the Old West—a land of bold ranchers, courageous women, heroic cowboys, and legendary gunfighters. Somewhat ironically, this image is based on a very short span of time in the state’s long history—the twenty-five years or so following the Civil War—and even then represents the experience of only a minority of Texans. While soldiers and buffalo hunters closed the Indian frontier and ranchers expanded the cattle frontier, most of the state’s people continued to farm for a living. Publicists pointed to new railroads, growing cities, and developing industries as evidence that a prosperous and progressive New South had arrived in Texas as in other states of the old Confederacy, but in ever-increasing numbers farmers found themselves, like their counterparts across the Old South, in debt and working someone else’s land. Moreover, conservative Democrats generally turned a deaf ear to their complaints and pleas for help. Thus, by the close of the 1880s, Texas had changed in important ways. Texans had secured a place in the romantic story of conquering the Old West, but many, having far more in common with southern farmers than western frontiersmen, stood on the verge of political revolt.
The Vanished Dream
Authors: Hasan S S
Published: November 2023

Because of the heavy taxation of the peasantry, conscription, corvee, and debt foreclosures throughout the nineteenth century,1 by 1907 an estimated 90 percent of the population were landless or held insufficient land to sustain their families.2 This brought about one of the precursors to a capitalist mode of industrial development in the cities, through the separation of the peasant from his land and the transformation labor into a salable commodity. Egypt’s mode of economic development did not, however, produce a class oflocal manufacturers and entrepreneurs able to expand on the basis of their own profits and provide jobs for these landless peasants in industry: A bourgeoisie did not grow out of the traditional urban middle class of merchants and traders; what did emerge was a new professional and white-collar middle class.
Toward a More Democratic Church?
Authors: Hasan S S
Published: November 2023

We have seen that the bishops of the Sunday School generation, as rulers of dioceses, were driven by the nature of their worldly commitments to create a modem administration. The growing complexities of economic development compelled them to withdraw from day-to-day administration and separated the ruler’s household from the administrative apparatus. This led to the growth of a bureaucracy of church-servants with specialized tasks and to institutions with their own budgets, office buildings, and staff. Even if, as has been argued, this process is more advanced in Cairo and Minya than in some of the other dioceses, the movement toward a legal-rational bureaucracy is unmistakable.
Greek Athletics and Religion
Authors: Scanlon Thomas F
Published: November 2023

Despite the fact that thecontemporary term “sport” (originally from Latin deportare, “to carry away”) has largely different connotations from ancient terms for “contest,” we share the notion of being “carried away” by such contests with the Greeks, who set aside special occasions for athletics. Perhaps the clearest dlfterence between us and the Greeks is that In the Greek mind, at least by the seventh century B.C., games were closely connected with cult festivals to the gods. In the great Funeral Oration of Pericles, Thucydides tells us of the Athenian attitude:

We have also provided for our minds very many sources of relief from labor, adopting as custom games and sacrifices throughout the year, and becoming accustomed to the beauty of our personal estates and possessions. The daily delight of these things ban is hes our distress. (Thuc. 2.38.1)
Racing for Hera—A Girls’ Contest at Olympia
Authors: Scanlon Thomas F
Published: November 2023

Athletics in ancient Greece is normally, and correctly, considered a male domain. Yet there were exceptional instances of young women, prior to marriage, participating to different degrees and in different ways in this area of the man’s world, These next three chapters examine the regional athletic rituals for girls at Olympia, Sparta, and Attica, events that were effectively the female counterpart of boys’ paideia or initiations. Then chapter 7 looks at the mythical example of the legendary Atalanta, an exceptional. fictional female athlete proving the rule that the contests are for men. In all the regional contests, it Is noteworthy that only unmarried girls could partlclpate and the events were seen as part of their passage to adulthood, And the instances of girls’ games are much rarer than those for boys or men. Married women mostly kept to the domestic sphere, while their husbands were publicly active and continued to take part in athletic activities so long as they were physically able.
Atalanta and Athletic Myths of Gender
Authors: Scanlon Thomas F
Published: November 2023

In view of the general exclusion of women as competitors, the legend of “swiftfooted, noble Atalanta” as an indomitable athlete stands out as an exceptionally problematic narrative appearing early and often in Greek literature and art. She was, in the Boeotian or central Greek version of the myth, daughter of a certain Schoeneus, who lived as a virgin huntress, despising sex but agreed to marry the suitor who defeated her in a footrace. Hippomenes (also called Meilanion) won her by the stratagem of throwing golden apples, supplied by Aphrodite, In her path to delay her as she stopped to collect them. The newlyweds make love in a sanctuary and are metamorphosed Into lions by some divinity—Zeus, Cybele, or Artemis. In the Arcadian, or southern Greek version of the story, Atalanta Is exposed as an Infant, is suckled by a bear, becomes a man-hating huntress, and Is ultimately won by Meilanion In a footrace.
At Ease in Virtue: Wu-wei in the Analects
Authors: Slingerland Edward
Published: November 2023

In the Analects, however, this wu-wei family of metaphors coexists alongside quite contradictory metaphors implying hard work, extreme effort, and even doing violence to the natural tendencies of a material. Below we will explore the relationship between the various metaphoric conceptualizations of wu-wei, as well as the manner in which the “effortless” metaphors are linked to the “effort” metaphors by means of Confucius’s soteriological strategy.
So-of-Itself: Wu-wei in the Laozi
Authors: Slingerland Edward
Published: November 2023

Laozi is the pre-Qin thinker who is most often associated with the ideal of wu-wei, and as a term of art wu-wei certainly plays a greater role in the Laozi than in any other of the texts we will be considering. In this text, wu-wei becomes something of a polemical barb aimed at the Confucians: “not-doing” is held up as an ideal in order to pointedly contrast with the incessant and harmful “doing” or “regarding” of those acting with the false assurance conveyed by conventional knowledge. It is thus in the Laozi that the ideal of wu-wei comes closest to being adequately rendered literally as “non-doing” rather than metaphorically as “effortless action.” Even for Laozi, however, this wu-wei is still not to be understood as a state of genuine passivity, but rather represents an ideal state of harmony with the cosmos that brings with it personal efficacy and ultimately universal salvation. In addition, as we shall see, even in the Laozi wu-wei is ultimately understood figuratively and has its own metaphorical structure.
The Sun, the Genome, & the Internet
Authors: Dyson Freeman J
Published: November 2023

In this visionary look into the future, Freeman Dyson argues that technological changes fundamentally alter our ethical and social arrangements and that three rapidly advancing new technologies -- solar energy, genetic engineering, and worldwide communication -- together have the potential to create a more equal distribution of the world’s wealth. Dyson begins by rejecting the idea that scientific revolutions are primarily concept driven. He shows rather that new tools are more often the sparks that ignite scientific discovery. Such tool-driven revolutions have profound social consequences: the invention of the telescope turning the medieval view of the world upside down, the widespread use of household appliances in the 1950s replacing servants, to cite just two examples. In looking ahead, Dyson suggests that solar energy, genetics, and the Internet will have similarly transformative effects, with the potential to produce a more just and equitable society. Solar power could bring electricity to even the poorest, most remote areas of third-world nations, allowing everyone access to the vast stores of information on the Internet and effectively ending the cultural isolation of the poorest countries. Similarly, breakthroughs in genetics may well enable us to give our children healthier lives and grow more efficient crops, thus restoring the economic and human vitality of village cultures devalued and dislocated by the global market. Written with passionate conviction about the ethical uses of science, The Sun, The Genome, and The Internet is both a brilliant reinterpretation of the scientific process and a challenge to use new technologies to close, rather than widen, the gap between rich and poor.
The Legal Conception Of Sexual Harassment
Authors: Crouch Margaret A
Published: November 2023

In chapters 1 and 2, I have discussed sexual harassment only in the con text of employment. However, from the beginning, other contexts and relationships were considered similar enough to the employment context to create the conditions for sexual harassment. Perhaps most prominent among these is the academic context, and the relationship between instructors and students. Because the academic environment may involve factors typically absent from workplace environments, I will discuss the development of the concept of sexual harassment in the law in the workplace and in the academy separately.
Epistemic Akrasia and Epistemic Virtue
Authors: Hookway Christopher
Published: November 2023

Ordinary practical akrasia, incontinence, or weakness of the will occurs when someone consciously or deliberately makes a choice that she sincerely believes is wrong. She decides to continue smoking in spite of sincerely acknowledging that it would be best, all things considered, to give up; or she reaches for a cigarette while fully aware of her resolve to smoke no more. Such phenomena are a distressingly common feature of most lives, yet philosophical theories of practical rationality, action, and evaluation can have considerable trouble escaping from the conclusion that they are simply impossible. This makes study of practical akrasia an especially useful technique for uncovering important and heretofore unaccounted-for complexities in the structure of practical reasoning.
Introduction
Authors: Graham Margaret B W , Shuldiner Alec T
Published: November 2023

In June 1999, Wired magazine, chronicler of the world as seen from Silicon Valley, proposed several new candidates for its forty-stock Wired Index, a list of companies that its experts believe have the most to gain from the meteoric rise of the Internet.
The Mystery at the Heart of it all: An Overview of Corning Technology
Authors: Graham Margaret B W , Shuldiner Alec T
Published: November 2023

This advertising slogan, which appeared in the Saturday Evening Post, 3 November 1917, as part of Corning’s first national advertising campaign, conveys something important about the company and its technology that has endured to this day. Though intangible, the mysteries of glass composition and the way the material behaves in melting, cooling, and forming were in a sense some of the company’s most vital assets.
The Ancient Forgery of a Discovery: The Acts of Pau and Thecla
Authors: Ehrman Bart D
Published: November 2023

Most texts revered as sacred by ancient Christians have been lost. Some of these have been discovered in modern times, but the majority are still relegated to oblivion, known only by name and, when we are fortunate, by a general sense of what they must have been like. Several, however, have been long available, even if almost entirely forgotten.
The Discovery of an Ancient Forgery: The Coptic Gospel of Thomas
Authors: Ehrman Bart D
Published: November 2023

As with political and broad cultural conflicts, the winners in battles for religious supremacy rarely publicize their opponent’s true views. What if they were found to be persuasive? It is far better to put a spin on things oneself, to show how absurd the opposition’s ideas are, how problematic, how dangerous. All is fair in love and war, and religious domination is nothing if not love and war. And so, in early Christianity, as we have seen, most of the writings of the losing sides in the battles for dominance were destroyed, forgotten, or simply not reproduced for posterity—in one way or another lost. So much lost, so many texts. Some scholars would give anything to recoup them. But comparatively little has been found.
The Arsenal of the Conflicts Polemical Treatises and Personal Slurs
Authors: Ehrman Bart D
Published: November 2023

Doctrinal disputes in early Christianity were not fought with pickaxes and swords. They were fought with words. The spoken word was critical, we can assume, as daily conversations, catechetical teaching, weekly instruction, sermons, private arguments, and public debates must have swayed opinion one way or the other. Unfortunately, we have no access to what anyone actually said in the heat of battle, unless somebody took the trouble to record it.1 But the written word itself was also important, as theological opponents metaphorically crossed swords, attacking one another’s views, casting aspersions on one another’s character, appealing to earlier written authorities in support of their perspectives, forging documents in the names of these authorities when necessary or useful, collecting sacred books into canons and assigning them divine status.
Translator’s Foreword
Authors: Mchugh Heather , Konstan David
Published: November 2023

It would be hard to miss one fundamental metaphor in any story involving disreputable giants: The one giving rise to the question what, in any sense that matters, makes a mortal being big. For it is the Cyclops’ own sense of engorged self that Odysseus must topple in the course of the action. And this giant’s dimensions are constantly materialized in the play by reference to the size of the meals or drinking vessels he requires or how many men would be needed to drive the sharpened tree into his eye. Like any great poet’s details, these narrative particulars are not without significance in the moral field of the story.
Cyclops
Authors: Mchugh Heather , Konstan David
Published: November 2023

when you were battling to protect Olympus from the geosphere’s gigantic sons, and I was there beside you, shield in one hand, spear in the other, goring that enormous Enceladus dead, right through his armor! (Wait a minute, am I spinning fables as I speak? By Jove, I’m not! I swear I shared the war-spoils with you later.)
“Inanna and the Huluppu Tree”: An Ancient Mesopotamian Narrative of Goddess Demotion
Authors: Stuckey Johanna H
Published: November 2023

Alluring and assertive, Inanna was one of the “great gods” of the male-dominated Sumerian pantheon and the most prominent of all the goddesses (Kramer 1967:153). Her symbols occur on some of the earliest Mesopotamian seals (Adams 1966:12), and she is among the first female deities about whom written material is extant (Hallo & Van Dijk 1968).1 In the second half of the fourth millennium B.C.E., most Sumerian cities had deities, usually goddesses, as “their titulary divine owners,” Inanna being originally the deity who “owned” the developing city—state of Uruk. As such, her primary realm was earthly fecundity, especially that of human beings and other animals (Steinkeller 1999: n3 forthcoming). Because of her power over fertility and her central role in the fertility ritual known as the “sacred—marriage” rite, Inanna retained her importance in the pantheon even as Sumerian culture became increasingly male-dominated (Wakeman 1985:8). However, some of the poems about Inanna suggest that she once ruled over not only the earth’s fertility but also the heavens and the underworld.
“Merely a Love Poem”?: Common Sense, Suspicion, and the Song of Songs
Authors: Dove Mary
Published: November 2023

In medieval Christendom, library catalogues typically begin with what their male compilers perceived to be the most significant, valuable and veracious of all books, the Bible. After copies of the Bible, or parts thereof, they list commentaries of the church fathers on biblical books, authoritative guides to apt interpretation. Little wonder that Western feminists have regarded the Bible with special suspicion, or that the biblical book that seems to twentieth-century readers the least overtly “religious” book of the canon, and therefore the least suspect, the Song of Songs, was chosen as the subject of the first volume in the series The Feminist Companion to the Bible. As the editor of the series, Athalya Brenner, says, this book “can be read from the outset as less biased ideologically ... than other texts of the Hebrew [and Christian] Bible,” since the subject matter of Shir ha Shirim, Song of Songs, is apparently “neither theological nor even religious” but rather “heterosexual love and its erotic manifestations” (Brenner 1993:28). Nor, apparently, does the heterosexual love voiced in these lyric poems composed some twenty-three centuries ago exclude the female perspective or privilege the male. According to Phyllis Trible, “there is no male dominance, no female subordination, and no stereotyping of either sex” (1978:145).“Ecce tu pulchra es, arnica mea, ecce tu pulchra, oculi tui columbarum” (Behold, you are beautiful, my beloved, behold you are beautiful, your eyes are the eyes of doves, says the male lover) (Song of Songs H14).2 The female lover—neither speaker is named or identified in the text— replies, reciprocating, “ecce tu pulcher es, dilecte mi, et decorus, lectulus noster floridus” (Behold, you are beautiful, my beloved, and lovely, our little bed is flowery) (1:15).
Empty Words
Authors: Garfield Jay L
Published: November 2023

This volume collects Jay Garfield's essays on Madhyamaka, Yog-ac-ara, Buddhist ethics and cross-cultural hermeneutics. The first part addresses Madhyamaka, supplementing Garfield's translation of Fundamental Wisdom of the Middle Way (OUP, 1995), a foundational philosophical text by the Buddhist saint Nagarjuna. Garfield then considers the work of philosophical rivals, and sheds important light on the relation of Nagarjuna's views to other Buddhist and non-Buddhist philosophical positions.
Nagarjuna and the Limits of Thought
Authors: Garfield Jay L
Published: November 2023

Nagarjuna is surely one of the most difficult philosophers to interpret in any tradition. His texts are terse and cryptic. He does not shy away from paradox or apparent contradiction. He is coy about identifying his opponents. The commentarial traditions grounded in his texts present a plethora of interpretations of his view. Nonetheless, his influence in the Mahayana Buddhist world is not only unparalleled in that tradition but exceeds in that tradition the influence of any single Western philosopher.
Three Natures and Three Naturelessnesses Comments Concerning Cittamatra Conceptual Categories
Authors: Garfield Jay L
Published: November 2023

It took me a while, but I finally figured out the right place to assemble and from which to begin to pick out the tangle of questions I had developed over the last few years of reading Vasubandhu and his classical Indian, Tibetan, and twentieth century commentators.
Western Idealism through Indian Eyes A Cittamatra Reading of Berkeley, Kant, and Schopenhauer
Authors: Garfield Jay L
Published: November 2023

This is an essay in metaphilosophy, in which I use one philosophical tradition as a lens through which to examine another. So it is already at one level an abstraction from the already-rarefied plane of metaphysics. But the principal agenda is yet one level more abstract: what I really aim to accomplish in this discussion is a reconception of the range of possibilities and the methodology of comparative philosophy and cross-cultural hermeneutics-a kind of meta-meta-metaphysics, if you will. So I begin with a discussion of the nature of and problems associated with cross-cultural hermeneutics and comparative philosophy in particular, and then I will explore a number of more fundamental levels.
Human Rights and Compassion Toward a Unified Moral Framework
Authors: Garfield Jay L
Published: November 2023

His holiness the dalai lama has been a tireless advocate for human rights in a global context. Some leaders and moral theorists of non Western cultures-and some contemporary Western moral and political theorists-have argued that the assertion of fundamental human rights is merely an accidental feature of the moral outlook of modern Western moral and political theory.
The “Satya” in Satyagraha Samdhong Rinpoche’s Approach to Nonviolence
Authors: Garfield Jay L
Published: November 2023

The most ven. prof, samdhong rinpoche has been for the past decade the world’s foremost theoretical exponent and practical advocate of a specifically Gandhian approach to nonviolence, both as a doctrine of political action and as a personal religious practice. From one perspective this is unsurprising: Ahimsa is central to Buddhism; the Tibetan exile has its center in India; His Holiness the Dalai Lama pays homage to the Mahatma’s legacy.
The Biggest Bangs
Authors: Katz Jonathan I
Published: November 2023

For over a quarter of a century, gamma-ray bursts were the outstanding mystery in astronomy. No one knew where they were or how they worked. The Biggest Bangs tells how the mystery was unraveled, from the discovery of gamma-ray bursts by a Cold War satellite system monitoring the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty to the localization of bursts in distant galaxies and the observation of surprisingly bright flashes of light from the bursts themselves. The Biggest Bangs is for laymen with an interest in science, physicists and astronomers interested in subjects in those fields not their specialty, students in non-technical astonomy courses, and as supplemental reading for courses in the history of science.
False Lines
Authors: Katz Jonathan I
Published: November 2023

The power of optical astronomy is in spectroscopy. By breaking light up into its component colors in a spectroscope, astronomers deter mine the motions, composition, temperature, pressure, magnetic field, rotation, and pulsation of the stars they study. Gamma-ray and X-ray astronomers (the gamma-ray and X-ray bands overlap, so gamma-ray and X-ray astronomers often face similar instrumental problems) would like to do the same, but they find spectroscopy much harder than it is for visible light.
False Light
Authors: Katz Jonathan I
Published: November 2023

Astronomers like to observe in visible light. Most of the major astronomical discoveries of the last half century have been made in other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum: quasars, neutron stars, and the cosmic background radiation in radio waves, black holes in X rays, and gamma-ray bursts (of course) in gamma rays, but astronomers’ immediate response has been to try to observe them in visible light. This is not just nostalgia for old-fashioned methods. Observations in visible light are powerful tools because they contain much more de tailed information than those at other wavelengths.
The Holy Grail
Authors: Katz Jonathan I
Published: November 2023

A few miles from Los Alamos, New Mexico, stands one of the most remarkable astronomical observatories in existence, the Robotic Optical Transient Search Experiment (ROTSE). It is completely auto mated, steered by electronic signals received over the Internet. Housed in a military surplus hut (purchased from a scrap dealer) the size of a large closet, it consists of a cluster of four commercial telephoto camera lenses (200-mm focal length, f/1.8), each about 4 inches in diameter. Made by Canon, they can fit on an ordinary Canon 35-mm camera. At $4199 apiece (in 1995), they were too expensive for most amateurs, but just right for the professional sports, nature, or news photographer.
Beyond Individualism and Collectivism
Authors: Ogilvy James A
Published: November 2023

In February 1997, just days before the death of Deng Xiao Ping, Global Business Network sponsored a conference in Hong Kong on the rather large subject of the future of China. In keeping with our belief that reading about a subject is not enough, we wanted to give our members a closer look by taking them on a learning journey from Hong Kong to mainland China. So we boarded two buses and traveled across the border, an experience that felt for all the world like tense moments at the Berlin Wall back in the sixties.
Facts, Values, and Scenario Planning
Authors: Ogilvy James A
Published: November 2023

The seven features of the relational worldview have import for our understanding of norms. Let’s turn now to a more sustained reflection on the ethics of the relational worldview, a new look at norms, and a fresh look at values. Rather than trying to identify a new approach to norms, in each of the disciplines, I’ll wind the seven features of the relational worldview into a thicker thread called ethical pluralism.
Scenario Planning: A Tool For Social Creativity
Authors: Ogilvy James A
Published: November 2023

With a few interesting and important exceptions, like Alvin Toffler, Charles Handy, Peter Drucker, and John Naisbitt—all of whom spurn large office staffs or consultancies, but give credit loud and often to their wives with whom they actively collaborate, navigating the future turns out to be a team sport. This is not an accident. To the extent that navigating the future occupies an uneasy place between rigorous research and science fiction, it requires contributions from many minds, not just one or two.
Better Health Care
Authors: Ogilvy James A
Published: November 2023

This chapter returns to the role of government in a post-political, economic era. The key to a better politics will be rethinking representation. The relational worldview gives us the tools we’ll need to reframe representation. Health care will provide the testing ground for a reframed politics, because the marketplace alone will not give us the health care we need.

The key is the concept of representation. A worldview isn’t just a picture of what is represented. It’s also a way of representing.
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Authors: Castro Rafaela G
Published: November 2023

A popularly narrated legend found throughout the Southwest, south Texas, and even parts of northern Mexico that tells of the appearance of the devil at community dances, dance halls, and discotheques. Called the “devil at the dance” legend or “devil haunts the dance hall” in folklore literature, it is considered to be an urban belief tale that has been adapted to contemporary situations. The devil makes his appearance elegantly dressed, usually in a suit; he is strikingly handsome, muysuave (smooth and poised), tall, and refined. Consequently, he stands out from among the rest of the men. Besides his stunning appearance, he is always an amazing dancer, knows the latest dance steps, and selects the prettiest girl to dance.
P
Authors: Castro Rafaela G
Published: November 2023

A design in the form of a small cross that is tattooed on the left hand, between the thumb and forefinger, with lines, or dashes, radiating out from it. George Carpenter Barker states that it must be seven rays, or lines, that radiate from the cross. It is a well-known symbol among Chicanos and has been traced to the era of the pachucos (1940s urban youth), hence its name. It is also known as the cruz del barrio (cross from the neighborhood) and has been found throughout major cities of the Southwest. Tattoos of Christian images have always been popular among Chicanos, and the custom of tattooing images of Jesus Christ, crucifixes, La Virgen de Guadalupe, and other Madonnas has a long history. In the Middle Ages the Crusaders cut a cross into Christian converts on the hand a little above the wrist. Some social scientists believe that the pachuco cross was meant to symbolize violence and membership in a gang. But it is known that it was used as an initiation ritual among friends and peers, to show solidarity and allegiance to a particular barrio. In describing the tattooed cross Haldeen Braddy is of the opinion that each ray jetting out from the cross represented a six-month stay in jail. In his view, pachucos liked to stay in the jaula (cage, jail) so that they could “accumulate these ‘rays’ as souvenirs of their imprisonment” (1971, 142). There is no evidence to support this speculation.
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Authors: Castro Rafaela G
Published: November 2023

This major fiesta held in Santa Fe every year during the first weekend of October was first started in 1625. It is believed that the first fiesta was held in honor of the Virgin Mary, called Our Lady of the Rosary. The more formal and structured celebrations actually began after the second conquest of New Mexico, when Don Diego de Vargas led an expedition in 1692-1693 and reconquered the territory. On this trip de Vargas brought with him a statue of La Conquistadora, as the Virgin Mary was called, and built a throne for her, from which she could reign over the kingdom of New Mexico. The celebrations were to venerate Nuestra Senora de la Conquesta, in conjunction with the Cofradfa del Rosario, the Confraternity of the Rosary, which is celebrated on the first Sunday of October as decreed by Pope Pius V in 1571. The fiesta always includes a procession that carries the statue of La Conquistadora, and a reenactment of the triumphant reconquest by Vargas.
Reflections On the Intersection of Research and Politics in Academia
Authors: Delgado Héctor L
Published: November 2023

Immigrants from Mexico and Central America have been blamed for further crowding already crowded cities, creating daily gridlock on Los Angeles freeways, and depleting the country’s genetic pool. More serious are the accusations that they depress wages and take jobs from native workers. The stereotypic image of the lazy Mexican persists despite their hard work and low employment rates. It is an image projected onto their children in a society that rewards virtually everything they are not. The hardships and injustices Central American and Mexican immigrants endure in their own countries, which are further compounded in this country, and their persistence in the face of extraordinary obstacles attract me intellectually but also-and not accidentally-personally and politically.
Working Out Class While Studying Elites
Authors: Ostrander Susan A
Published: November 2023

Sociologists rarely “study up.” The names of those who have examined upper-class elites are too few and come too easily to mind. Elites are boundary keepers who create and actively maintain social barriers between themselves and nonelites. Somewhat to my surprise, I have found it less difficult to cross these barriers than I first expected and other social scientists seem to imagine. Even more surprising, despite-or because of-my (more or less) working-class background, I sometimes feel a deep affinity with upperclass elites, even when I disagree with their worldviews. How could this be? Why do I feel this connection to some members of the upper class? I began to study the upper class at a time when class was still measured and defined largely by men’s occupational status, income, and education. Women’s class was determined mostly by husbands’ and fathers’ positions. Women of the upper class received only passing attention because the study of elites focused on the power, authority, and social backgrounds of men who were elite decision makers.
Samhain
Authors: Rogers Nicholas
Published: November 2023

Halloween is commonly thought to have pagan origins, even though its etymology is Christian. Halloween is, quite literally, the popular derivative of All Hallow Even, or the eve of All Saints’ Day (r November). Taken together with All Souls’ Day, which falls on November, it is a time assigned in the Christian calendar for honoring the saints and the newly departed. In past centuries, it was also the occasion for praying for souls in purgatory. Yet because Halloween is popularly associated with the supernatural, it is often believed to have strong pagan roots that were never eliminated by the holiday’s subsequent Christianization.

Some folklorists have detected its origins in the Roman feast of Pomona, the goddess of fruits and seeds, or in the festival of the dead called Parentalia. More typically, it has been linked to the Celtic festival of Samhain or Samuin (pronounced sow-an or sow-in), meaning summer’s end.
Halloween Goes to Hollywood
Authors: Rogers Nicholas
Published: November 2023

In 1991, the Grand Rapids Jaycees organized a Halloween party in a refurbished Grand Trunk locomotive on seven miles of railroad between Coppersville and Marne in Michigan. On what was called the “Terror Traint,” visitors were subjected to scary, live thrills from “horrific actors” during the hour-long trip. The photos in the Detroit Free Press depicted a gruesome young man wielding a chainsaw and a waitress offering guests a pizza topped with a rat, bat, and spiders.1 What is noteworthy about these scenarios is that they were all derived from Hollywood movies. In the gruesome young man, the frightened teenagers might have recognized Leatherface from the Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974); in the rat-topped pizza, an adaptation of a scene from Whatever Happened to Baby Jane? (1962), a vintage horror movie starring Bette Davis and Joan Crawford.
Halloween at the Millennivm
Authors: Rogers Nicholas
Published: November 2023

Halloween at the millennium is a contested and in many respects a controversial holiday. There is little consensus as to what it means or to how it should be observed. To be sure, Halloween still retains some vestigial links to the harvest. Its pumpkins and apples are part of the festive fare of harvest suppers and thanksgiving dinners. Newspapers and magazines routinely provide tips around Halloween as to how these seasonal frnits and vegetables might be enjoyed. Martha Stewart Living magazine produced a Halloween edition in 2000 in which the festive fare was scary yet upscale, with garlic soup, devil’s salsa, and pretzels in the shape of severed fingers with ladylike red almond “nails.” But it also featured mulled apple cider and reminded readers of the close association of Halloween with the end of the harvest in nineteenth-century America. In some places, of course, this seasonal association is still critical. In the rural areas of the American Northeast, for example, Halloween continues to be a marker of the hunting season, a time when farmers open their land to hunters, hikers, and snowmobilers.
Won Buddhism: The Historical Context of Sot’aesan’s Reformation of Buddhism for the Modern World
Authors: Chung Bongkil
Published: November 2023

Opening of the Modern World and Material Civilization It seems entirely appropriate to analyze the historical context of the foundation of Won Buddhism in a volume that addresses itself to the relevance of Buddhism for modernity in that Won Buddhism has grown out of the movement to reform and renovate Buddhism for the modern world. This implies that Buddhism in Korea at the beginning of the twentieth century needed reformation and renovation to be relevant to the modern world. In 1916 the founder of Won Buddhism, Pak Chung-bin (1891–1943), better known by his cognomen Sot’aesan,1 attained enlightenment. At that time he made a prediction no one in Korea could understand that the world was entering a new era of material civilization. His warning that humans would be enslaved by the formidable power of material civilization largely went unheeded. Like a sharp knife that can be either a useful tool or a lethal weapon depending on its user’s spiritual condition, the by-products and side effects of material civilization have polluted the air, water, and earth to an alarming extent. For example, the production and unsafe disposal of nuclear arsenals that can destroy all the sentient beings many times over demonstrates the way modern civilization can become a lethal force.
Sickle Cell Anemia
Authors: Quirolo Keith
Published: November 2023

The patient was an 11-year-old girl diagnosed at birth by newborn screening as having hemoglobin F and hemoglobin S. She was subsequently determined to be hemoglobin SS. She had a long history of complications of her sickle cell disease, beginning with splenic sequestration at 6 months of age. At that time, she was treated with transfusions and eventually required a partial splenectomy. She was admitted to the hospital at 19 months of age with acute chest syndrome as a complication of respiratory syncytial viral infection. Over the next several years, she had recurrent episodes of reactive airway disease. At the age of 4 years, she had a life-threatening episode of acute chest syndrome requiring admission to the intensive care unit and exchange transfusion. She was subsequently transfused with red blood cells monthly for 6 months to prevent recurrence. Two years later, she was again admitted to the intensive care unit with acute chest syndrome. During this admission, she was found to have Streptococcus pneumoniae sepsis and pneumonia. She again received RBC transfusions monthly for 6 months. Following this course of transfusion therapy, she was offered therapy with hydroxyurea, but this therapy was never instituted.
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Flor-Cisneros Armando , Leikin Sergey
Published: November 2023

The patient is a 1.5-year-old white female admitted to the NIH Clinical Center for evaluation of bone deformities in the lower extremities, generalized osteopenia, and a recent left femur fracture. She was the product of an uncomplicated, full-term pregnancy delivered by cesarean section and was born with normal Apgar scores and a birth weight of 2954 g (normal for fullterm newborns). A prenatal ultrasound done at 35 weeks of gestation suggested shortening and bowing of femurs, tibias, and fibulas and rhizomelic proportions (shortening of proximal limb segments) of the upper extremities. Her perinatal hospital course was uncomplicated. However, she was noted to have bilateral clavicle fractures at birth. The past medical history was significant for a dislocated left elbow at 6 months of age that resolved spontaneously, left femur fracture at 16 months of age that occurred while she was trying to pull up to stand, and chronic sinusitis due to an underdeveloped ethmoidal-sphenoid sinus (air-filled cavity in the skull behind the bridge of the nose). Her psychosocial development appeared normal. She was able to crawl and scoot but could not cruise yet.
HMG-CoA Lyase Deficiency
Authors: Proud Virginia k. , Rosenthal Miriam D
Published: November 2023

D.E.C. was a normal female infant (weight 6 lb 4 oz, length 20 inches) born via spontaneous vaginal delivery to an 18-year-old primigravida (first pregnancy). The pregnancy was unplanned and complicated only by maternal use of antidepressants (Zoloft and Depakote) during the first months of gestation. When D.E.C. was 1 month of age, she appeared to have macrocephaly and mild hypotonia; a cranial sector scan was performed and was normal. She was initially breast-fed but was a poor feeder, had gastroesophageal reflux, and gained weight slowly (Fig. 20-1). She sweated profusely when sleeping, and at 4 months of age had hypotonia and poor head control. She was initially hospitalized at 4 months of age during a family vacation. An initial viral illness with low-grade fever and vomiting led to lethargy within 12 h. When she developed generalized seizures, she was taken to the emergency room and admitted. She experienced respiratory decompensation, was intubated, and required ventilator support for 72 h. Laboratory studies demonstrated marked metabolic acidosis with 1100 mol/L; normal 50–200 mol/L). Her liver enzymes were markedly elevated. Her urine contained a number of organic acids, including 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid, 3-methylglutaconic acid, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid, all by-products of leucine catabolism. Plasma amino acid values also suggested a problem in branched-chain amino acid metabolism. Studies with skin fibroblast cultures confirmed a deficiency of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA-lyase deficiency with zero enzyme activity.
Pancreatic Insufficiency Secondary to Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Layer Peter , Keller Jutta
Published: November 2023

A 45-year-old male patient presented with diarrhea and weight loss (12 kg during the past year; his current body weight was 63 kg, height was 181 cm, and Body Mass Index (BMI) was 19.2 kg/m2 [normal is 19.2–24.9]). He reported that his stools were bulky, loose, and odorous, particularly following large meals rich in fat. During the last 15 years, the patient had suffered from recurrent attacks of abdominal pain. Most episodes were self-limited and subsided after 1–3 days. In time, the patient found that avoiding food intake during acute attacks was helpful. In association with one attack, a peptic ulcer was suspected, and the patient was treated unsuccessfully with an acid-suppressing drug (possibly a proton pump inhibitor), the name of which he did not remember; upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and ultrasound were not performed.
“Get in Out of the Draft”
Authors: Sterba Christopher M
Published: November 2023

James Ceriani’s life represented one of New Haven’s best-known Italian immigrant success stories. At the age of fourteen, he left his family in northern Italy to come to America. He settled in the Elm City and worked for several years as a waiter before raising enough money to purchase his own restaurant and cabaret. A talented businessman, Ceriani was one of the few Italian entrepreneurs to leave the confines of the colonia. His place, the Cafe Mellone, was only a block from the city green, and his regular advertisements in the daily papers showed a keen sense of the American market.