bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dramas of Homemaking and Hospitality in ATSA’s Cuisine ta ville
Authors: Nigam Sunita
Published: October 2018

Experiences of the liminal spaces of ‘arriving’ and the structures of hospitality that frame refugee–host relations were at the heart of Cuisine ta ville (French for Cook Your City), the relational performance project of Montreal-based performance and activist group ATSA (When Art Takes Action), which took place in downtown Montreal as part of the celebrations for the city’s 375th anniversary in May 2017. Cuisine ta ville temporarily transformed the Place des arts esplanade into a reimagined ‘refugee camp,’ inviting Montreal refugees and other Montrealers into intimate encounters organized around the sharing of soup and conversation. Refugees and their friends hosted other Montrealers in theatricalized ‘soup kitchens,’ and strangers were invited by ‘maîtres d’hôtel’ to have an exchange about the question, “How do you define the concept of home?” This article interprets the urban dramas of homemaking and hospitality that were staged in Cuisine ta ville alongside the situation of refugees in contemporary Quebec.
Effizienzbetrachtung eines gekoppelten Energieversorgungs-systems in der Industrie
Authors: Emde Alexander , Bogdanov Ivan , Königer Mariel , Sauer Alexander
Published: October 2018

Kurzfassung

Steigende Energiepreise und strenge Umweltauflagen verlangen den Einsatz von effizienten und umweltschonenden Energieversorgungssystemen in der Industrie. Eine bereits bewährte Technologie ist die Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung (KWK). Der vorliegende Beitrag präsentiert die Auslegung und die Effizienzanalyse eines Energieversorgungssystems bestehend aus KWK, Wärmespeicher und Hochtemperatur-Wärmepumpe, mit dem Ziel der energetischen Optimierung des industriellen Gesamtsystems.
Licht optimieren und Kosten senken
Authors: Hangst Daniel
Published: October 2018

Kurzfassung

Im modernen Fabrikbetrieb kann Licht ein entscheidender Kostenfaktor sein. Zudem sollten Gewerbehallen möglichst arbeitsfreundlich ausgeleuchtet sein. Herkömmliche Beleuchtung gelangt bei beiden Anforderungen aber schnell an ihre Grenzen. Moderne Lösungen mit hocheffizienten LEDs jedoch leuchten Hallen bedarfsgerecht und blendarm aus und bieten zugleich großes Potenzial, um Energie einzusparen und den Wartungsaufwand zu reduzieren.
Qualifizierungsbedarfe für die Mensch-Roboter-Kollaboration
Authors: Weber Marc-André , Schüth Nora Johanna , Stowasser Sascha
Published: October 2018

Kurzfassung

Kollaborierende Roboter gewinnen zunehmend an Bedeutung zur Unterstützung manueller Arbeitsvorgänge in industriellen Produktionsumgebungen. Damit einher geht ein hoher Qualifizierungsbedarf zur Sicherstellung eines produktiven sowie sicheren Einsatzes der Anlagen. In diesem Beitrag wird der Schwerpunkt auf mögliche Qualifizierungsansätze und deren Nutzen gelegt.
Reifegradbasierte Auditierung von Weiterbildungsmaßnahmen in Lernfabriken
Authors: Metternich Joachim , Schuh Günther , Enke Judith , Molitor Marco , Kreß Antonio , Schlosser Tino , Gerschner Katharina , Goppold Marvin
Published: October 2018

Kurzfassung

Der Beitrag beschreibt die Anwendung eines Auditverfahrens für Lernfabriken an einem konkreten Beispiel. Für eine ausgewählte Weiterbildungsmaßnahme werden die Auditergebnisse aufgezeigt und Handlungsansätze abgeleitet. Dies wird durch eine Kooperation der Forschungsprojekte innowas „Innovative Weiterbildung mit Autorensystemen“ und RQLes „Reifegradbasierte, multidimensionale Qualitätsentwicklung von komplexen Lernsystemen“ des Förderschwerpunkts innovatWB erst ermöglicht. Für das Projekt innowas wird der entwickelte Weiterbildungsprozess auditiert und Verbesserungspotenziale zur Weiterentwicklung aufgezeigt. Das Projekt RQLes profitiert durch eine Anwendung der Projektergebnisse und durch die Evaluation des entwickelten Modells.
Karkasnyi podkhod v izuchenii prostranstvennoi struktury territorii
Authors: Chibiliova Valentina Petrovna , Chibiliov Anton Aleksandrovich
Published: October 2018

The study of existent spatial structures and processes evoked by them is accompanied with the study of structure features of a territory where they function and develop. The framework approach applied in studying and constructing a spatial territory structure can be considered as a way of nature use management and as a strategy of territorial planning of a cultural landscape in an old cultured region, which let to support a balance between conservation and use of natural resources. Sustainable development of a territory depends on the knowledge sufficiency of natural, social and economical processes in the region.
Regional'nyi podkhod v professional'noi deiatel'nosti pedagoga kak odno iz glavnykh napravlenii obrazovatel'nogo protsessa
Authors: Boldyrikhina Valentina Nikitichna
Published: October 2018

The work deals with the problem of the readiness of future teachers to apply a regional approach in professional activities, one of the options for solving which is proposed to use both theoretical and practical orientation in the preparation of students, and which is implemented, on the one hand, through the use of research and design tasks of the relevant subjects in the classroom, in extracurricular and independent work of students. In this regard, the classification of research and design tasks is proposed, and the need to comply with the pedagogical conditions for their application is emphasized. On the other hand, the importance of involving students in the process of interaction of the university with local educational organizations to form the readiness of future teachers to use a regional approach in their professional activities is pointed out.
A ADOÇÃO DE CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES POR CASAIS DO MESMO SEXO NO BRASIL: PERSPECTIVAS JURÍDICAS E PSICOLÓGICAS
Authors: Cabral Miucha Lins , Coutinho Ana Luísa Celino
Published: October 2018

Este artigo tem o objetivo de refletir sobre a adoção por casais do mesmo sexo no Brasil sob as perspectivas jurídicas e psicológicas. Através das concepções desses lugares do saber, busca-se promover um diálogo interdisciplinar, enriquecendo a discussão sobre a temática. Para tanto, utiliza-se o método dedutivo de abordagem e o método histórico de procedimento. No que se refere às técnicas de pesquisa, fez-se uso da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Conclui-se que a orientação sexual dos adotantes não interfere na qualidade do vínculo parental nem no desenvolvimento do adotado e que negar esse tipo de adoção baseando-se apenas na orientação sexual dos adotantes é um desrespeito explícito aos princípios da igualdade, dignidade humana e melhor interesse da criança.
LOS ESTÁNDARES INTERNACIONALES, ¿SON FUENTES DE DERECHO INTERNACIONAL PÚBLICO?
Authors: Pastori Alejandro
Published: October 2018

Padrões internacionais têm sido úteis para o desenvolvimento de áreas de Direito Internacional com escassa produção de normas rígidas, até que o próprio padrão se torne norma, devido à sua aplicação e aceitação pelos próprios Estados, em um exemplo perfeito de materialização do natureza evolutiva e dinâmica do Direito Internacional. No entanto, dada a ampla margem de discrição do juiz internacional na aplicação das normas internacionais, é necessário refletir sobre seus perigos. A crescente tecnificação e a ampla casuística em matéria de controvérsias do direito ambiental, do direito internacional dos investimentos e dos direitos humanos dificultam o estabelecimento de padrões fixos ao longo do tempo. Diante disso, este artigo procura responder às seguintes questões: quem define os padrões internacionais e com base em quais interesses? Um padrão pode se tornar uma fonte de direito? Existe alguma indicação nos regulamentos internacionais de quais são os padrões que devem ser aplicados, ou é o juiz que aplicará "o mais reconhecido"? Qual o papel do juiz internacional na criação de novos padrões e quais são as conseqüências de sua ampla margem de apreciação?
METHODICAL APPROACHES TO FORMING ORGANIZATIONAL PROVISION OF EFFICIENT USE OF INNOVATIVE POTENTIAL TECHNOLOGICAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Authors: BUTENKO A.I. , SHLAFMAN N.L. , BONDARENKO O.V.
Published: October 2018

Topicality. The urgency of the problem of state support for the development and efficient use of the innovative potential of technological entrepreneurship in Ukraine today is growing due to the need to improve the institutional base of innovation activity of business structures, which will facilitate the acquisition of knowledge, stimulate their transformation into technical and technological ideas, access to the national and global technology market and knowledge-based products that provide business sustainability that uses the knowledge, results, and technology to fool tion of new products and services that alter the structure of the economy.
Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to develop guidelines on the development of an organizational support system for the development and effective use of the innovative potential of technological entrepreneurship in Ukraine.
Research results. Proposed methodical approaches to the formation of organizational support for the effective use of innovative potential of technological entrepreneurship in Ukraine. The organizational principles of determining the priorities of technological development of the country for the long-term period are worked out; a subsystem of communication between research and development organizations, among themselves and with other socio-social, entrepreneurial and state institutions, and the development of promising forms of cooperation in science and business in Ukraine. The implementation of the concept of network interaction, which is an important mechanism for realization of the state policy of developing innovative goods markets based on the use of technological entrepreneurship potential, as well as the organizational principles of the choice of priority markets for innovative products, is proposed.
Conclusions. A promising area of implementation of the proposed methodological approaches is the creation of technological platforms, using the latest information and communication technologies. Since the level of development of domestic production of innovative high value added goods depends on the state's ability to create the necessary conditions in a timely manner and to improve the incentives aimed at exploiting the potential of technological entrepreneurship for the development and introduction of the latest technologies in all branches of the economy, then all entrepreneurs need to create Equal conditions, as well as the establishment of a system of partnerships between different forms of business, which will ensure effective cooperation Identity and profitability.
HARDENING AND EFFLORESCENCE RESISTANCE OF CEMENT MORTARS MODIFIED BY BLACK SHALE
Authors: Belykh S. A. , Chikichev A. A. , Il''ina L. V. , Kudyakov A. I.
Published: October 2018

The paper presents results of research into plaster coating of brick walls in humid premises. It is found that the addition of black shale and waste from flotation gold extraction from ores in the amount of 10 % of the cement bulk, increases the structure formation and strength of mortars by 34 %. X-ray phase and differential thermal analyses show that the increase in the rate of structure formation of mortars is due to the interaction of hydraulically active ground black shale with portlandite accompanied by the formation of calcium hydrosilicates. In mortars with the black shale addition, 1–2 nm pores form, which explain the increased resistance of mortars to the effloresce formation on the surface of plaster coatings of brick walls.
KRASNOYARSK AGGLOMERATION: ORIGINS AND STAGES OF FORMATION IN THE 20th AND EARLY 21st CENTURIES
Authors: Tsarev V. I. , Ivanova A. S.
Published: October 2018

The article deals with the historical background and the formation of Siberia – Krasnoyarsk urban agglomeration in the 20th and early 21st centuries. The factors that contributed to the growth of the Krasnoyarsk-city are shown as well as transformation stages of the neighbouring settlements. The results of design works and practical measures aimed at the formation of the planning structure of the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration are described for the period under review. It is shown that the analysis of identified regularities of the development of a large historical city at different stages is important not only for studying urban development trends, but also for modern project activities.
SCOTTISH MODERN IN DESIGN WORKS OF C.R. MACKINTOSH AND M. MACDONALD
Authors: Polyakov E. N. , Donchuk T. V.
Published: October 2018

The article is devoted to the creative heritage of Charles Rennie Mackintosh (1868–1928), the outstanding Scottish architect and Margaret MacDonald Macintosh (1865–1933), his wife, an artist-designer. Their life and main character traits which predetermined the choice of their future profession are considered. A brief overview is given to the main stages of their professional development. In the Glasgow School of arts they organized the famous creative group „The Four‟ which created a unique Glasgow style. They participated in international exhibitions of Art Nouvea, engaged in successful architectural and design practice including the development of unique geometrical pictures and Macintosh style furniture, floral and landscape paintings. The paper describes the tragic end of their creative career, departure from Glasgow, posthumous rehabilitation and international recognition. Their style preferences in the world architecture and design are shown as well specific features of their unique style. The articlepresents three of the most famous design projects of the Macintosh spouses made in the tradition of Glasgow style. Here belong interiors of Cranston tea rooms, Hill House in Helensburgh, Scotland and Bassett-Lowke Northampton house. At present, many Macintoshes works are successfully restored, their museums and exhibitions are organized.
EXTERNAL REINFORCEMENT OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES USING COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Authors: Rimshin V. I. , Merkulov S. I.
Published: October 2018

The paper describes the main directions of non-metallic composite application in concrete reinforcement. The development routes of the structural analysis with composite reinforcement are formulated. The reinforced concrete structure combines the elastic reinforcement element with an adhesive composition having inelastic properties. It is shown that the structural reliability is ensured by adhesion of composite core reinforcement to the concrete. When performing external reinforcement of composite materials, it is necessary to ensure the joint operation of reinforcing elements and the main structure. Today, design methods of concrete structure reinforcement with composite materials do not take into account shear strains in the contact seam. Adhesion of composite material to concrete is indirectly assessed by introducing the service factor of composite material when its design resistance is assigned.

 Experimental studies concern concrete structures  reinforced by bent elements with external reinforcement made of various composite materials. Reinforced concrete beams with A500 and A600 class reinforcement are considered. Test beams are reinforced with fiberglass, coal and carbonates canvases. Some of test beams have U-shaped anchors at the ends and are made of composite materials. Reinforced beams fracture by different schemes: composite peeling due to the adhesive destruction in the area of formation of normal and inclined cracks, compositepeeling with the destruction of protective layer, composite rupture. A part of reinforced concrete beams before the reinforcement are cracked in the stretched zone. Cracks do not affect the load-bearing capacity of reinforced beams.
Haset ve Psikopatoloji İlişkisinin Film Örnekleriyle EleAlınması
Authors: CANBOLAT Fazilet
Published: October 2018

“Haset” bireyin kendisinde olmayan ve bir başka kişinin sahip olduğu bir özelliği arzulaması ve malum kişinin bu özellikten yoksun olmasını dilemesi olarak tanımlanır (Parrot & Smith, 1993). Melanie Klien (1957), anne göğsünün hasedin asıl ilgi odağı ve başlangıç noktası olduğunu ileri sürer; zira meme bazen paylaşılan ancak çoğu zaman geri çekilen bir nesne olmakla birlikte bebeğin kendine ait veya kontrolü altında değildir. Anne ismindeki sahibin dilerse bu süt ve sevgi kaynağını kendine saklayabileceğini fark eden bebek, kendisini besleyen bu nesneye sadistçe saldırıp, bilinçdışı fantezisinde onu tahrip etme, çürütme ve hatta yok etme arzusu duyabilir. Ağıt (Elegy) filminde Kepesh’in Consuela’ya karşı hissettiği düşünülen hasedin de aynı yolla çözümlenmeye çalışılmış olması Klein’ın teorisinin daha iyi anlaşılmasını sağlayacaktır. Diğer taraftan, Ninivaggi’nin haset teorisine göre, haset zihnin katmanları olan id-ego-süperego üçlüsü arasında ortaya çıkan bir duygudur ve egonun id’e karşı duyduğu ilkel haset, tüm hasetlerin indirgenemez temelidir (2010). Ninivaggi (2010) insanın iç dünyasının haset yüzünden, kaos ve bütünleşememişlik yeri olduğunu ileri sürer ki bu kaos ve bütünleşememişlik hali de psikopatolojinin oluşumunda önemli etmenlerdendir. Amadeus filminde Salieri’nin Mozart’a duyduğu haset ve kendi iç dünyasında yarattığı tahribat Ninivaggi’nin haset teorisine göre yorumlanacaktır. Haset psikoterapi seanslarında terapötik ilişki içerisinde de ortaya çıkabilecek bir duygu olup, bu makalede hastanın terapiste duyduğu hasedin anlamı ve ele alınma stratejileri ile ilgili de bilgi verilmiştir.
Banke – specifikum financijske intermedijacije
Authors: Dobrojević Goran , Jagodić Davor
Published: October 2018

The global financial crisis has given some troubled banks at that time a
frequently used epithet “too-big-tofail”, which tells how those banks became of systemic importance and their failure meant a real danger of the entire financial system collapsing so governments were saving them from bankruptcy with public money. This paper seeks the answer to the question whether there is something that banks can do which is not possible on the capital market? Is such attention paid to banks justified by their really special nature and do they actually perform some unique functions for which they cannot be replaced by other types of financial intermediaries? This article presents an overview of the research into whether banks are characterized by some specific features

versus all other types of intermediaries. The results of the research show that banks have a specific position

because of the services they provide - they facilitate payment transactions; they are a source of liquidity to all other economic entities and the channel of the monetary transmission mechanism; they improve efficiency of savings allocation through the transformation of maturity, risk and size of capital, thus affecting the formation

of the cost of capital; they participate in the creation of money, etc. At the end of this paper, it is concluded that the specialty of banks cannot be substituted by bonds on the capital market, but the possible replacement of existing money with its digital form and the introduction
of the direct monetary transmission mechanism could change the bank’s special status in the financial system.
A RARE CASE OF SPACE OCCUPYING LESION OF BRAINSTEM IN AN ELDERLY MALE PATIENT
Authors: S Jayanth S , P Ambali A , Mulimani M S
Published: October 2018

An elderly male patient aged 65 presented to us with history of swaying towards left side of the body since 1 month with normal higher mental functions and neurological examination suggestive of cerebellar ataxia. MRI Brain plus contrast was suggestive of an irregular, ill-defined heterogeneous enhancing lesion with few necrotic areas within and few foci of blooming on FFE (Fast Field Echo imaging technique) with significant perilesional oedema involving right thalamus and brainstem showing Choline peak on MR Spectroscopy.

Keywords: Neurological examination; Cerebellar ataxia; MRI brain; FFE.
Responsiveness of measurements of lower-limb muscle strength obtained with a hand-held dynamometer from patients with stroke
Authors: Bohannon Richard W. , Andrews A. Williams , Glenney Susan Sullivan
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND: The responsiveness of measurements obtained by hand-held dynamometry (HHD) is largely unexplored.

OBJECTIVE: A secondary analysis of data from a clinical cohort of patients (N=55) admitted for inpatient rehabilitation following acute stroke was completed to determine the responsiveness of measures of lower extremity muscle strength.

METHOD: The isometric strength of hip flexion, knee extension, and ankle dorsiflexion was measured bilaterally in 55 patients using HHD. Independence in bed-to-chair transfers, level ground gait, and stair negotiation was determined using an ordinal mobility scale. All measures were obtained at admission and discharge.

RESULTS: Over the course of rehabilitation muscle strength increased significantly (p⩽ 0.002) in all 3 lower limb muscle actions of both the weaker and stronger sides. Effect sizes (0.19–0.43) and standardized response means (0.45–0.79) were mostly small to moderate but tended to be greater on the weaker side than the stronger side. The minimum detectable change (95%) values ranged from 33.2 to 87.5 N and were higher on the stronger than on the weaker side. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for identifying minimal clinically important differences revealed cut-points between −12.9 and 52.9 Newtons for strength increases differentiating patients who did and did not demonstrate improved mobility.

CONCLUSION: HHD is capable of detecting changes in lower limb strength after stroke but the responsiveness, as indicated by effect size, standardized response mean, minimum detectable change and minimal clinically importance is limited.
Effects of holographic bracelet on balance and muscle performance in soccer players: A quintuple-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover randomized clinical trial
Authors: de Paula Lima Pedro Olavo , Rebouças Nahra Santos , Chaves Shalimá Figueirêdo , e Silva Rômulo Lemos , Medeiros Marcela Nicácio , de Oliveira Rodrigo Ribeiro
Published: October 2018

This study aimed to analyze the influence of holographic bracelets on body balance and peak torque in soccer athletes through a quintuple-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover randomized trial. Twenty-eight male athletes were evaluated in a stabilometric baropodometer(DIASU®) and performed a protocol involving concentric contractions of the knee at 60°/s. Athletes were evaluated in three situations: no bracelet (baseline), with a placebo bracelet (PB) and holographic bracelet (HB). Comparing the mean torque peak at 60°/s during knee extension, there was no statistical difference for the dominant limb (p=0.713) and non-dominant (p=0.996) between the baseline, PB and HB groups. No statistical difference was found comparing the mean oscillation ellipses from the right foot with eyes open (p=0.359) and with eyes closed (p=0.173), as well as from the left foot with eyes open (p=0.891) and with eyes closed (p=0.778). In conclusion, holographic bracelet has no influence on either body balance or knee muscle performance in athletes.
Reproducibility of concentric and eccentric isokinetic multi-joint leg extension measurements using the IsoMed 2000-system
Authors: Dirnberger Johannes , Huber Christoph , Hoop Dennis , Kösters Alexander , Müller Erich
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND: Several investigations have reported reproducibility for isokinetic single-joint (SJ) knee strength measurements. However, to date, only a few studies have concentrated on multi-joint (MJ) leg strength measurements.

OBJECTIVE: This study is the first to investigate reproducibility for MJ leg strength measurements using the IsoMed 2000-system, which recently was introduced into the market.

METHODS: Peak Force (PF) of forty-one healthy male subjects (mean age: 24.4 years) performing concentric and eccentric MJ leg extension at standardized mean knee-joint angular velocities 40 and 80°/s (i.e. individual linear foot velocities of 0.12–0.19 and 0.24–0.38 m/s, respectively) was measured in three identical sessions (T1–T3), separated by 10–14 days. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied for detection of systematic errors over sessions. Reproducibility was calculated between consecutive pairs of sessions (T1–T2; T2–T3) using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC 2,1) and standard error of measurement (SEM).

RESULTS: Significant increases in mean measurement values of ≈ 2–4% from T1 to T2/T3 could be seen for concentric measurements at 40°/s and overall eccentric measurements. Reproducibility calculations revealed ICC-values of 0.823–0.956 and 0.911–0.978 with corresponding measures of SEM of 72.1–175.3 and 49.3–125.3 N for T1–T2 and T2–T3, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: Moderate to high reproducibility was shown for the IsoMed 2000-system in measuring PF during concentric and eccentric isokinetic leg extension. However, as data indicate the presence of an initial practice-based improvement, we recommend the consideration of a familiarisation session in practice.
The effect of strength exercises at different angular velocities on muscular LDH and CK
Authors: Kafkas Muhammed Emin
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND: Serum creatine kinase (CK) enzyme activity and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentrations are used as indicators of muscle cell membrane state and muscular damage after exercise. The present study examined the effect of concentric strength exercises done at different angular velocities and different stopover durations between sets on the LDH concentrations and CK enzyme activity of participants.

METHOD: The study included 32 sedentary male volunteers (21.35 ± 3.10 years, 71.80 ± 6.20 kg and 178.40 ± 11.90 cm). Subjects were randomly separated into four different groups according to stopover: a) a group performing concentric muscle strength exercises at 60°/s with 1-min stopover (CEG1-60°), b) a group with 3-min stopover (CEG3-60°), c) a group performing concentric muscle strength exercises at 120°/s with 1-min stopover(CEG1-120°), and d) a group with 3-min stopover (CEG3-120°). The LDH and CK concentrations of the four groups were measured pre- and post-exercise and at 24, 48 and 72 hours.

RESULTS: Within both CEG1-120° and CEG3-120°, there were significant differences in LDH concentrations between pretest-24-h times (p< 0.05). The LDH concentrations were the highest at 24-h for all groups. When the LDH concentrations were compared between both CEG1-60° vs. CEG1-120° and CEG3-60° vs. CEG3-120° significant differences were found between pretest-posttest and pretest-24-h times. LDH concentrations were higher for both CEG1-60° and CEG3-60°.

CONCLUSION: Concentric muscle exercises performed at different angular velocities result in differences in both LDH and CK values. These differences are particularly evident following higher intensity exercises. Thus, high-intensity concentric muscle exercises may increase the risk of muscle damage among beginners and amateur sportsmen.
Men and women experience similar muscle damage after traditional resistance training protocol
Authors: Radaelli R. , Bottaro M. , Wagner D.R. , Wilhelm E.N. , Pompermayer M.G. , Pinto R.S.
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND: Contradictory results exist regarding sex-related differences following exercise-induced muscle damage and little is known concerning the follow-up of a traditional resistance exercise protocol.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate sex differences-related time course of recovery following a traditional strength training protocol (4 sets at 80% of 1-RM).

METHODS: Ten women and ten men participated in the study. Peak torque (PT), arm circumference (CIR), delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), muscle thickness (MT) and echo intensity (EI) were measured before (Pre), immediately post (0 hours), 24, 48, and 72 hours after.

RESULTS: Men demonstrated significantly greater relative strength loss than women at 0 h (−26.8 ± 5.0% vs. −15.5 ± 12.4%; P < 0.05), with no significant difference at other time points. Men also experienced a larger increase of CIR (p < 0.05) and MT (p < 0.05) at 0 h compared to women, with no significant difference at other time points. At 72 h, men showed a significantly greater development of DOMS (p < 0.05). EI revealed no sex differences.

CONCLUSION: Following a traditional strength training protocol the recovery appears to be similar in untrained young women and men. Furthermore the next training session should not take place before a rest period of at least 72 h.
Agreement of three vs. eight isokinetic preset velocities to determine knee extensor torque- and power-velocity relationships
Authors: Lemaire A. , Ripamonti M. , Ritz M. , Rahmani A.
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND: Torque and power-velocity relationships obtained during isokinetic evaluation can be useful for rehabilitation program. Nevertheless, their determination requires a substantial number of measures using different velocities, inducing time-consuming protocols.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to assess the agreement between a short isokinetic protocol, including three angular velocities ( $P_{3}$ ) and a longer one including eight angular velocities ( $P_{8}$ ).

METHODS: Sixteen healthy male subjects performed isokinetic knee extensions at several preset velocities during two protocols. The first included eight velocities ranging from 60 to 270°/s ( $P_{8}$ ), whereas the second ( $P_{3}$ ) consisted of three velocities (90, 180 and 240°/s). Mechanical parameters: theoretical maximal isometric torque $T_{0}$ , theoretical maximal velocity $V_{0}$ , and maximal power $P_{max}$ , were extrapolated from torque- and power-velocity relationships for both $P_{8}$ and $P_{3}$ .

RESULTS: The torque- and power velocity relationships drawn from each protocol were in agreement since no significant differences were found for either each extrapolated mechanical parameters, between the slopes of the torque-velocity relationships, or between the polynomial regression coefficients of the power-velocity relationships resulting from $P_{8}$ and $P_{3}$ .

CONCLUSION: The agreement between the short and long protocols allows reduction of fatigue and loss of motivation that may occur during full velocities testing particularly during rehabilitation program.
The effect of long-term gymnastic exercises on body composition changes in women after mastectomy
Authors: Socha Małorzata , Pilch Urszula , Sobiech Krzysztof Andrzej , Woźniewski Marek
Published: October 2018

This study describes the effects of regular 4-year-long rehabilitation exercises based on a 45 min exercise session 3 times/w, on changes in body composition of 23 postmenopausal women (experimental group– E) following mastectomy. Anthropometric measurements and body composition (BIA method) were compared between the E women and a control (C) group of non-exercising women (N=20) who underwent the same surgical procedure. Following four years of regular exercise, significant increase in body cell mass (BCM) [kg, %] and intracellular water (ICW) [1] was observed (P < 0.05), whereas the content of extracellular water (ECW) [%] and extracellular mass (ECM) [kg] decreased (P<0.05). Body mass, body mass index (BMI) and fat mass (FM) [kg, %], did not change significantly. Central fat deposition measured by waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and the waist circumference increased (P< 0.05), whereas hip circumference did not change. Compared to the C group the E group had a lower BCM, BMI, FM [kg, %], ECW [l, %] and ECM [kg] (P < 0.05), and a higher total body water (TBW) [%], fat-free mass (FFM) [%] and BCM [%] content (P < 0.05). Hence, regular exercise may have a positive effect on the abovementioned factors which are considered among breast cancer risk factors after mastectomy.
Reliability of one-repetition maximum test in untrained young adult men and women
Authors: Ribeiro Alex Silva , do Nascimento Matheus Amarante , Salvador Emanuel Péricles , Gurjão André Luiz Demantova , Avelar Ademar , Ritti-Dias Raphael Mendes , Mayhew Jerry L. , Cyrino Edilson Serpeloni
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND: The one repetition maximum (1RM) test is the most widely used method to analyze muscular strength. However, the 1RM reliability may be dependent on gender.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to investigate the reliability of one-repetition maximum (1RM) test in untrained young adult men and women.

METHODS: Thirteen men and eleven women between 18–35 years were recruited. All subjects performed the 1RM tests in the bench press (BP), Smith machine squat (SQ), and arm curl (AC) in four sessions separated by 48 to 72 hours of recovery. At each measurement session, the subjects performed exercise-specific warm-ups and were given three attempts to reach a peak strength level for each exercise.

RESULTS: There was a significant session-by-time interaction (P< 0.05) in BP and SQ, while men reached a stabilized load between sessions 2–3, women stabilized their load between sessions 1–2. Significant increases (P < 0.05) in maximal strength occurred between session 1 and 4 in BP (men=+10.5%, women=+13.1%), SQ (men=+17.6%, women=+20.7%), and AC(men=+7.5%, women=+11.7%).

CONCLUSION: We conclude that the reliability of the 1RM tests in multiple-joint exercises may be gender dependent.
Specific joint angle assessment of the shoulder rotators
Authors: Ruas Cassio V. , Pinto Ronei S. , Hafenstine Rex W. , Pereira Maria C.C. , Brown Lee E.
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND: Independent peak torque (IPT) ratios may lead to misinterpretation of shoulder rotator imbalances.

OBJECTIVE: To compare shoulder rotator IPT conventional ratio (CR) and dynamic control ratio (DCR) with ten-degree angle specific torque (AST) CR and DCR.

METHODS: Twenty healthy adult males (24.65 ± 2.4 yrs) performed concentric (C) and eccentric (E) internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) of the right shoulder on an isokinetic dynamometer at 60°/s and 180°/s through 150° of ROM.

RESULTS: IPT DCR was significantly different than AST DCR at several angles at both test speeds. IPT CR were not significantly different than any AST CR at either speed. The last 3 ten degree AST DCR were also compared. AST DCR was significantly different at two angles at 60°/s and at three angles at 180°/s.

CONCLUSION: DCR analysis should use a ten degree AST interpretative approach in order to avoid erroneous interpretations of shoulder rotator strength imbalances. IPT ratio tests should only be used to calculate CR.
Short-term effects of anaerobic lactic exercise on knee proprioception of track and field athletes
Authors: Romero-Franco N. , Martínez-López E.J. , Hita-Contreras F. , Lomas-Vega R. , Martínez-Amat A.
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND: Proprioception is affected during sports events, thus jeopardizing performance and even the well-being of athletes. To effectively control the injury risk and performance, sport professionals should find out how long the proprioceptive damage lasts.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze acute effects of an anaerobic lactic exercise on the knee joint position sense of athletes and the duration of these effects until twenty-four hours later.

METHODS: Fifteen athletes performed two training sessions one week apart: Warm-up: 30-minute warm-up; and Lactic Exercise: 30-minute warm-up and an anaerobic lactic exercise session. All athletes carried out a joint position sense test of knee, as well as a blood lactate and heart rate analysis before(Pre), just after (Post $_{0Min}$ ), thirty minutes after (Post $_{30Min}$ ) and 24 hours (Post $_{24H}$ ) after each training session.

RESULTS: Absolute angular error in knee positioning increased just after Lactic Exercise with statistically higher values than after Warm-up Exercise(p=0.001) and gradually decreased toward 24 hours later. Relative angular error in knee positioning decreased statistically significant 24 hours after Lactic Exercise (p=0.021).

CONCLUSION: Anaerobic lactic exercise immediately depletes the accuracy of knee joint position sense, although it is recovered 30 minutes later. After 24 hours, knee joint position sense is better than baseline.
The effect of force sensation on the ability to control muscle force during fatigue condition
Authors: Kiyama Ryoji , Kawada Masayuki , Tokunaga Ken , Ohwatashi Akihiko , Fukudome Kiyohiro , Yone Kazunori , Yoshimoto Yoichi , Ohshige Tadasu , Maeda Tetsuo
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Proprioceptive information from muscle receptors is important in force control and disturbed sensation due to fatigue may reduce the precision of force control. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between force sensation and force control ability in knee extensor muscles during fatigue.

METHODS: Eighteen healthy young volunteers participated in this study. Force matching tasks with and without feedback were performed immediately before and after the fatigue protocol consisting of 20 s isometric contractions. The target force was 10% and 30% of the maximal voluntary contraction force in the pre-fatigue protocol. The accuracy of force control ability was estimated by the root mean square error (RMS error) and average difference (average error) between the target and output force. Surface electromyograms were recorded simultaneously from the quadriceps.

RESULTS: In the 30% task, there was a significant interaction effect of fatigue and feedback condition in RMS error and average error. RMS error and average error were degenerated significantly by fatigue in the feedback removal condition, but not in the feedback condition. Though the activation of quadriceps was increased by fatigue, increase of muscle activation was lower in the feedback removal condition than that in the feedback conditions.

CONCLUSION: Since participants controlled their force output depending on the force sensation in the feedback removal condition, these results indicate that the decline in force sensation may be a significant factor in the decreases of accuracy in force output during fatigue.
Isokinetic cross-training effect in foot drop following common peroneal nerve injury
Authors: Manca Andrea , Pisanu Francesco , Ortu Enzo , De Natale Edoardo , Ginatempo Francesca , Dragone Daniele , Leali Paolo Tranquilli , Deriu Franca
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND: To our knowledge, no studies on foot drop (FD) caused by peripheral nerve lesion have investigated whether unilateral training of the unaffected ankle dorsiflexors induced a clinically meaningful strength improvement in the affected-untrained leg, namely a cross-training (CT) effect.

METHOD: A 59-year-old man, who suffered since childhood from surgically-induced damage of the common peroneal nerve, performed an 8-week maximal-intensity isokinetic training of the healthy leg. Before and after training, patient underwent: bilateral isokinetic testing; functional and mobility tests including 6-minute walking test, 10-meter walking test, timed-up-and-go test and ankle ROM; neurophysiological recordings including motor thresholds, cortical silent period of the hemisphere innervating the affected tibialis anterior and mean EMG recruitment.

RESULTS: After cross-training, the affected-untrained dorsiflexors showed notable increases in all dynamometric parameters. Similarly, all functional tests improved considerably. The cortical silent period was reduced and the maximal EMG recruitment increased.

CONCLUSIONS: Improvements in muscle performance and neurophysiological drive in the affected non-trained limb due to training of the unaffected side indicate that cross-training may be a viable rehabilitative approach to foot drop.
Shoulder girdle protraction strength and dynamic performance of the upper limb in individuals with scapular winging: \newline A preliminary study
Authors: Kim Yang-Gon , Kang Min-Hyeok , Kim Ji-Won , An Duk-Hyun , Oh Jae-Seop
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND: Although strength exercises for shoulder girdle protraction (SGP) have been emphasized in subjects with scapular winging, few experimental studies have SGP strength measured this function in this cohort.

OBJECTIVE: To compare SGP strength and performance of the upper quarter closed-kinetic-chain in healthy subjects and patients with scapular winging.

METHODS: Twenty-six men (13 patients with scapular winging, 13 controls) exerted maximal isometric SGP force against a force-measurement device while the upper quarter Y-balance test was conducted to examine the performance of the upper quarter closed-kinetic-chain using a Y-balance kit.

RESULTS: The SGP strength in the patient group was significantly lower than that of the control group (p=0.001) while the scores on the Y-balance did not differ between the groups. The correlation between strength and motion of the upper limb during performance of upper quarter closed-kinetic-chain was relatively low (r=0.394, p=0.046). A sensitivity analysis has indicated that based on the extreme values of the patient group (the maximal individual SGP strength score) and the control group (the minimal individual strength score), 4 of the patients and 8 of the healthy participants, would have been categorized as uninvolved (false negatives) and involved (false positives), respectively. However based on the mean SGP strength score, only one patient crossed into the control subjects distribution while none of the control subject have crossed into the patients distribution.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that although scapular winging may be associated with SGP weakness, particularly in cases where the isometric force is less than 130 N. However, great care has to be taken in interpretation of findings while further research should be encouraged.
Shoulder Extension Strength Is Influenced by Elbow Position
Authors: Hills Morgan , Bohannon Richard W.
Published: October 2018

The primary purpose of this study was to determine if shoulder extension strength is influenced by elbow position (flexed versus extended). Secondary purposes were to describe the affects of gender, arm dominance, and trial on shoulder extension strength. Thirty subjects (14 men, 16 women) with no pathology of the upper extremities participated. They performed with each extremity in a random order two trials of maximum voluntary shoulder extension with the elbow flexed versus extended. Shoulder strength measurements were obtained with a hand-held dynamometer. A 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 analysis of variance showed that elbow position, gender, arm dominance, and trial all had significant effects. Because shoulder extension strength is greater with the elbow flexed and because subjects with some pathologies are unable to perform shoulder extension with the elbow extended, we recommend the elbow flexed position.
Relationship Between Habitual Physical Activity and Isometric Peak Torque of Knee Extensors and Plantar Flexors of Older Men and Women
Authors: Graves Joretta M. , Ragnarsdottir Maria , Ellingham Corinne T. , Amundsen Louis R.
Published: October 2018

The purposes of this study were to examine the relationship between physical activity level (PAL) and isometric peak torque (PT) of the knee extensor (KE) and ankle plantar flexor (PF) muscles of people 51 to 90 years of age, and to examine changes in PAL and PT by decade of age for men and women. Isometric PT of the KE and PF was measured using the Minnesota System for Isometric Muscle Strength (SIMS). Seventy-nine healthy subjects (39 men and 40 women) were tested. PT decreased as age increased. The correlation between PAL and PT was significant for both muscle groups for all 79 subjects. The women showed a progressive decline in both PAL and PT. The PAL of men changed very little until the age of 80, and decreased rapidly between the 8th and 9th decades of life. PT appeared to gradually decrease up to age 80 and decline more rapidly between the 8th and 9th decades of life. Thus PAL and PT of the knee extensors and ankle plantar flexors decrease in a similar pattern with age.
Reliability and Objectivity of the Nicholas Manual Muscle Tester with Children
Authors: Horvat Michael , McManis Beth G. , Seagraves Frank E.
Published: October 2018

The ability to obtain adequate strength assessment of young children in field-based settings is difficult because of limited instrumentation, differentiation between absolute and relative strength, frequency of zero scores, and adequacy of testing instruments. More precise testing devices are needed if teachers or clinicians are to make more informed decisions concerning the development of strength in children. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the objectivity and reliability of the measurements obtained by the Nicholas Manual Muscle Tester from elementary school-aged children. The objectivity correlation coefficients ranged from 0.49 to 0.95 for two judges and 0.33 to 0.91 for a single judge. Internal consistency reliability ranged from 0.75 to 0.95 for three trials and from 0.49 to 0.91 for a single trial. Stability reliability ranged from 0.78 to 0.96 for 2 days and from 0.64 to 0.93 for a single day. It was concluded that three trials produced the most reliable measures for children and that specific actions using large muscle groups, such as the quadricep extension, will yield the most reliable measures.
A Biomechanical Comparison Study of the Adapted Orthotron KT-II, with Stress Indicators, to the Cybex II for the Purpose of Isokinetic Testing of the Knee
Authors: Fleshman Sue A. , Keppler Mark V.
Published: October 2018

The reliability of the specially adapted Orthotron KT-II, with stress indicators, has been examined as compared with the Cybex II, which is the established mechanism for isokinetic testing of the knee. Two testing speeds were used with the HUMAC/software system for each machine: 60 deg/sec, and 240 deg/sec. Forty-four healthy men and women, both athletes and nonathletes, with no previous knee injuries, were selected from a university population. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Subjects tested once on each machine, with at least a 48-hour recovery period between testing sessions. A two-way analysis of variance was conducted for type of machine and order of machine testing. Sample means for nine measurements of muscular performance, selected from the Humac menu, were compared. What may be significant clinical and statistical differences were found in four of the measurements: (1) work per repetition to body weight ratio; (2) fatigue index; (3) force decay; and (4) total range of motion. Due to problems in achieving proper joint-axis alignment on the Orthotron KT-II, as compared with the Cybex II, position parameters were manipulated mathematically such that both machines had the same zero baseline for reference. Significant amounts of variance were attributed to differences in height, weight, sex, and activity status among subjects in the two groups. The inherent differences between a mechanical hydraulic system such as the Orthotron KT-II, compared with an electrically powered system such as the Cybex II seemed to be most evident in the measurement of fatigue index. Test scores on the Orthotron KT-II tended to show less fatigue than the Cybex II over the same test interval. All other measurements of muscular performance showed insignificant differences between the sample means on the two machines.
Reliability of Absolute and Ratio Data In Assessment of Knee Extensor and Flexor Strength
Authors: Kramer John F. , Ingham-Tupper Susan , Walters-Stansbury Karen , Stratford Paul , MacDermid Joy
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this investigation was to compare reliability coefficients and standard errors of measurement (SEM) for absolute (peak torque in newtonmeters) and ratio (concentric/eccentric (C/E)) and knee flexion/extension (KF/KE) ratios—as percentages) data. Forty healthy volunteers (20 men and 20 women) completed knee extension and flexion tests on two occasions within a 2-week period. On each occasion, two concentric and two eccentric muscle actions, with a 5-second rest between muscle actions, were completed from 90° to 5° flexion at 60 deg/sec angular velocity. For each gender, absolute scores were characterized by higher interrepetition, interoccasion, and overall intraclass correlation coefficients and lower relative measurement error (SEM/SD) than were either C/E or KF/KE ratios. These results do not discount the utility of ratio data, but suggest that to maximize reliability, ratio data should be acquired using more repetitions and/or occasions than is the case when using absolute data.