bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Valuing Standard Essential Patents in the Knowledge Economy
Authors: Heiden Bowman
Published: July 2019

This paper comparatively examined the valuation methodologies put forward and accepted in four recent FRAND cases adjudicated in the US in 2013-14 and found a link to the business models (i.e. value logics) employed by the actors and the type of standards involved. This indicates that the value of standard essential patents (SEPs) may be dependent on the market structure under which standards are developed. Additionally, valuation models based on prior license agreements seem to currently produce higher valuations of SEPs, everything else equal. However, a lack of agreement by the different courts regarding similar valuation methods indicates the value of SEPs still lacks consensus on both legal and economic grounds, especially in relation to new knowledge-based business models and norms. This suggests that policy makers (both within SSOs and government) should take pause in further defining IPR policies and adopting new patent regulations without a deeper understanding of the potential impact to both dynamic and static economic efficiency in respect to an emerging new division of innovation labor and knowledge-based business models. This is particularly relevant as the studied cases confirm that lack of empirical evidence that perceived problems such as patent holdup and royalty stacking are more than a merely contractual/transactional phenomenon that can't well be addressed on a case-by-case basis by the courts.
Publishing Industry
Authors: Daidj Nabyla
Published: July 2019

The general aim of this chapter is to show digitalization is one of the main threats that is shaping the publishing industry value chain and company business models. The analysis of the publishing industry structure is conducted from the perspective of international features. The value chain system of printed media publishing business is explored with more in-depth analysis of its elements. The primary objective of this research is to establish practical outcomes of Internet influence on the structure and business model of publishing companies. As rapid development in the IT sector and the Internet can be considered a crucial risk factor for contemporary publishing business, it creates new business models and changes the industry structure. Publishers progressively respond to changing consumer demands, especially around digital content. Effective pricing strategies for digital content will be the major challenge for magazine publishers.
Entrepreneurial or Not?
Authors: Buckley Chitra
Published: July 2019

UK fashion micro-enterprises, often founded by creative individuals, need to be entrepreneurially oriented and develop a business model that sustains their growth during the critical early phase. Literature on this phase offers guidance in best practice and survival strategies for the operational challenges that emerge, however the business models that sustain enterprise development and provide the blueprint for growth strategies have not been examined. This chapter explores how micro-enterprises integrate entrepreneurial actions into their business models. By applying literature on best practice in fashion designer businesses and entrepreneurial orientation (EO) to the business model concept, a conceptual framework is developed and serves as a point of reference to analyse the current business models of five micro-enterprises. The study finds that business models in this segment of the fashion sector are asymmetrical and EO emerges in some components of the business model and not others.
How to Create a Breakthrough Innovation
Authors: David Raphael Kling
Published: July 2019

We are witnessing the biggest transformation in the technology in the modern society increasing dramatically the data usage, more efficient services, and customized product/services. In the globalized world, the traditional incremental innovation, in some cases, might not be enough to defeat the competition and make a successful business in the long term. In order to compete in a competitive market, the entrepreneurs constantly look for new ways to create a breakthrough innovation. The aim of this chapter is to discuss disruptive innovation and strategies for creating disruptive business combining futures research methodologies with business model framework. In order to meet the objective, an analysis of state of art has been carried out providing an overview of disruptive Innovation and the main “future research” methodologies (Delphi method, casual layered analysis, scenario method, and technology roadmapping). A combined model of technology roadmapping methodology with business model canvas is proposed to model disruptive innovation and a case study is presented.
The Role and Implementation of New Technologies in the ELT (English Language Teaching)
Authors: Srebnaja Jekaterina
Published: July 2019

Emerging technologies have become a part of daily life of each student. To keep up with time, education has to evolve and customize providing the learner with a more meaningful learning environment. More and more teachers are introducing Learning Technologies (LT) for training purposes since they can serve as powerful tools for efficient student participatory learning. The technology-aided learning environment enhances learning outcomes in language acquisition and stimulates the implementation of quality learning. The aim of this research is to emphasize the importance of applications of learning technologies in the language classroom and to present an overview of the practical tools available for technology-mediated language learning, their effective ICT implementation and use. The study analyzes the strategies and techniques for the ICT integration by means of introducing the Computer Language Lab (CLL) in the Secondary School Setting. It describes personal experience and best practice in the use of learning technologies with secondary school students.
World Language Learning
Authors: Burns Rachel , Rubin Donald , Tarrant Michael A
Published: July 2019

Research on the impacts of study abroad participation on world language proficiency indicates positive and significant associations between sojourning abroad and students' self-reported language skills. In recent years, student engagement and ‘deep-learning' have been found to exert powerful effects on student learning outcomes. However, the extent to which student engagement serves as a pathway to mediate and enhance the impact of study abroad on language learning has not been examined. This chapter uses pre- and post-test surveys and applies experiential learning theory (ELT) to model gains in language proficiency for students who studied world languages abroad versus on-campus. Results of mixed factorial ANOVA and regression path analysis indicate that students who studied world languages abroad experienced significantly greater gains in deep-learning and world language proficiency than students who studied world languages on-campus. This chapter is among the first to connect student deep-learning and engagement to world language learning.
Individualization of Foreign Language Teaching through Adaptive eLearning
Authors: Kostolanyova Katerina , Nedbalova Stepanka
Published: July 2019

Lifelong learning has become an essential part of each profession. For this reason, personalized and adaptive learning has been drawing attention of professionals in the field of formal as well as informal education in the last few years. The effort has been made to design adaptive study supports regarding students' requirements, abilities and current knowledge. In the Czech Republic, particularly at the University of Ostrava, a team of educators, didactics professionals and IT professionals has been applying their mind to personalized learning in the electronic environment. They have been developing a suitable learning environment to fit students' learning styles. The paper describes a general model and a theory of adaptive eLearning from the perspective of the University of Ostrava professionals. It also demonstrates hard facts of the research in the field of language learning. This paper, Individualization of foreign language teaching through adaptive eLearning, is an extended version of the paper published in the ICWL 2015 workshop proceedings.
Bridging the L1-L2 Divide
Authors: Morgan Bridget M.
Published: July 2019

This chapter engages the reality of the university classroom that includes Heritage-Learners (HL) and second-language learners (L2) of Spanish. Rather than furthering the “what if” considerations of the idealized heritage learner in a quasi-homogenous group and specialized course track, the author focuses on the very pressing question of ways in which HL and L2 populations face similar learning challenges in an intermediate-level Spanish writing course. Drawing on research about learner-centered and HL and L2 language-learning pedagogies, the author discusses how implementation of progressive assignment design and targeted learning skills development supported L2 students and transitional bilinguals in the mixed classroom. Finally, the limits of this mixed classroom model for HL and L2 learners are discussed.
Use of the Codes of Audio-Visual Media
Authors: Yeromin Mykola , Charskykh Igor
Published: July 2019

This chapter has a purpose to persuade college and university professors to re-consider the role of audio-visual media in the processes of higher education and language learning and give it a try as a great way for educating and building close multi-cultural relation between students and professors, regardless of national and/or cultural background. Its contents are highlighted by examples of successful use of audio-visual media in language learning and intentions to formulate the path, which methodology will follow in the recent future, considering the wide-spread of “new media” and Internet, which make communications more global and international than ever. Also included are the recommendations, based on authors experience in the field of study and exclusive quotations (some of which were previously unpublished and gathered in-field by authors).
Language Skills Training Through Mobile Apps
Authors: Viswanathan Revathi
Published: July 2019

With the advancement in technological tools and devices, language teachers can foster learning of communication skills through mobile devices. There is a growing interest among students to use the latest gadgets for getting connected with their peers. It must be admitted that the usage of these devices would bring in a real revolution in the teaching and learning process. It has been widely accepted that mobile learning promotes students' active participation. Teachers also now understand that one of their responsibilities is to create more opportunities to make their students practice language skills. Although numerous researches has been done in the field of English Language Teaching in India, research on mobile assisted language learning is still in an infancy stage. In this chapter, the author discusses the possibility of offering training through mobile apps, based on research she conducted recently.
The Effect of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) Learning-Language Lab vs. Mobile-Assisted Learning
Authors: Shih Ru-Chu
Published: July 2019

In recent years, the rapid advancement of information technology has had a great impact on our daily life and changed the world in which we operate; in particular, mobile devices have become more portable and powerful than ever. As a result, mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) and ubiquitous learning have been widely adopted in a variety of studies. However, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of teaching English for specific purposes (ESP), i.e., the Business Language Testing Service (BULATS) for college students in a language laboratory and through the mobile LINE app. A total of 72 college students were randomly assigned to two groups, a language lab group and a mobile learning group, for 10 weeks of instruction. The findings revealed that the students in the mobile learning group had significantly positive attitudes toward the teaching method and learning content and high user satisfaction. In addition, the learning performance of the students in the mobile learning group was better than that in the language lab group.
Using YouTube and WeChat to Promote Communicative and Intercultural Competence in Japanese and Mandarin
Authors: Carter Beverly-Anne , He Min , Kawasaki Tsubura
Published: July 2019

Web 2.0 technologies are omnipresent in the lives of the digital natives who are the majority of learners in the language centre's non-specialist programme. However, there is no automatic transfer from personal to pedagogical use especially when linguistic and intercultural competence is also at play. The Japanese and Chinese teachers, who are the chapter's co-authors see technology as an affordance and thus necessary for developing their students' proficiency. The chapter examines learners' perspectives on the technology used and whether it facilitates the degree of engagement intended.
iPad and iPod in the Language Classrooms
Authors: Pellerin Martine
Published: July 2019

The chapter examines how the use of emergent mobile technologies such as iPad and iPod in the classroom with young language learners can promote innovative learning environments and authentic oral language learning experiences. The chapter is based on a collaborative action research (CAR) project involving young French language learners in primary schools in a western province of Canada. Findings show that the affordances of mobile technologies support the creation of innovative learning environments and authentic oral language learning experiences through collaborative dialogue and peer-peer scaffolding among young language learners. The outcomes of the inquiry also demonstrate that the use of mobile devices such as iPad and iPod promotes the emergence of metacognitive reflection among learners, as well as a greater sense of agency and autonomy.
Mentoring Teacher Assistants to Use Online Tools
Authors: Perez Grisel M. Garcia
Published: July 2019

This chapter indicates how a group of Teaching Assistants (TAs) was trained in the use of technology to help students enrolled in large first year Spanish classes excel in learning of Spanish as a foreign language. Framed by the Communities of Practice theory proposed by Wenger (1998), this study supports the theory that by examining their practices, trainees may become more effective in what they learn. Six TAs participated in the study and their reflection-on-action logs were examined and compared to the trainer's personal observations. Interpretation of the results was then carried out by comparing parallel and dissimilar ideas which were then used as focus for discussion. Outcomes support the theory that communities of practice and reflective inquiry are valuable teacher training tools.
Online Intercultural Exchanges Through Digital Storytelling
Authors: Sevilla-Pavón Ana , Nicolaou Anna
Published: July 2019

This article focuses on the affordances of a digital storytelling project in developing students' language, digital and other skills: learning and innovation, creativity, critical thinking, problem solving, team working, and life and career skills. The project was undertaken by university English for Specific Purposes students and was conducted within an Online Intercultural Exchange between the Cyprus University of Technology and the University of Valencia. Its design was based on a Project-Based Learning (PBL) methodology. It incorporated active learning and multimodal resources and capabilities. The need for transforming language teaching pedagogies was borne in mind, as it is necessary for responding to an era of changes which requires students to be active producers of content, innovative, motivated and engaged in their own learning. The qualitative and quantitative findings were drawn from data gathered by means of an evaluation questionnaire administered to students upon completion of the project.
Translingual and Digital Ecologies
Authors: Jiang Jialei
Published: July 2019

Scholarship in cloud pedagogy has provided intriguing lenses through which researchers enhance pedagogical approaches for digital composition classrooms. However, there is a lack of discussion on how cloud pedagogy could be employed to benefit second language learners of writing. Scholars in both digital and translingual areas of research have touched on conceptualizing their theories through multimodal, collaborative, and ecological perspectives of writing. Therefore, this article looks into the theories and practices of translingualism, and explore how translingual writing can be merged and integrated into the multimodal applications of cloud-based learning. Following and expanding the practices of digital composition, this paper aims to argue for an ontological shift to a translingual view of cloud-based writing and examine how it informs second language learning.
Challenges in Using Cloud Technology for Promoting Learner Autonomy in a Spanish Language Course
Authors: Kannan Jaya , Munday Pilar
Published: July 2019

In a digitally networked classroom, the learner connects with peers, instructors, and open resources, be they human experts or online resources in non-linear combinations. As a result, the learner must navigate a complex web of associations and pathways. Thus the teacher practitioner who uses the networked medium as the platform for facilitating language learning has the challenge of developing methodologies, task-based activities, and a selection of tools to frame a learning ground that will provide maximum opportunity for the student to strengthen learning. This chapter will present a case study of a teacher practitioner's pedagogical design process in an online undergraduate course, “Advanced Grammar and Culture through Social Media.” The main focus of this case study is to identify key challenges for pedagogical design and offer the rhizomatic approach as a model to promote learner autonomy.
Contextualizing Language Learning With Street View Panoramas
Authors: Shih Ya-Chun
Published: July 2019

The latest street view technology enables language learners to look around and navigate interactively from remote worldwide locations via the internet. In addition to the enhanced feeling of immersion, the realistic scenes in a street view panorama help to represent the real world and make language learning more engaging and meaningful. This chapter explores the potential for extending a virtual English as a foreign language classroom with online street view panoramas. The program aims to create an immersive environment within which students complete a task-based learning activity; the task design is based on Schank's (1996) goal-based scenarios. The results reveal that street view technologies hold great potential to enhance language learners' communicative competence. Future research is needed to look into learners' experience in this new learning environment and to examine the use of street view panoramas in other disciplines.
Aggressions of the Socio-Economic System on the Natural Capital
Authors: Popescu Constanţa , Popescu Constantin , Hrestic Maria Luiza
Published: July 2019

Nearly 250 million years ago, the Earth was shaken by the amplest extinction known so far, which led to the extinction of up to 96% of all the marine species, 70% of the vertebrate species, and almost all the insects. This extinction affected the whole range of biodiversity so much. Nature took almost 10 million years to recover after this event. Life was really in danger on our planet at that moment, due to the dismal conditions that were created, and the current research shows that these dire conditions continued to occur, in the natural environment, after that, triggering numerous outbreaks that occurred for five to six million years following the initial crisis, triggered by the carbon rise and the repeated shortages of oxygen, the increased warming and other such adverse effects, which, once initiated, were uncontrollable and had disastrous effects. When life returned to normal and, gradually, after several million years, a new beginning was possible, the significant elements that caused the disaster - global warming, acid rain - sound strangely familiar to us today.
Design for Autonomy
Authors: Clouse Carey
Published: July 2019

This chapter describes one series of climate-adaptive design innovations found in Ladakh, north India. Five different water management techniques chart the region's unique and highly specialized response to water scarcity, and in so doing highlight important lessons for climate-adaptive planning elsewhere. In this case study, the dispersed, community-based water management strategies practiced in Ladakh suggest a level of design thinking that supports environmental stewardship, economic autonomy, cultural consciousness and social cohesion.
Environmental Audit in Integrated Audit System
Authors: Caraiani Chirața , Lungu Camelia I. , Dascălu Cornelia , Colceag Florian
Published: July 2019

The niche of a narrow literature in the field inspires the core objective of this chapter which is to develop a coherent and eco-efficient outline for environmental audit in an integrated audit management system. The research paradigm is based on the stakeholder theory refined with Hart's vision of the entity based on natural resources in order to recognize the natural environment as the main stakeholder of any entity. The revision of the literature enables ascertaining the determining factors for an environmental audit integrated in the audit management system. The result is built on the management component of the continuous improvement and creates knowledge for a way of action to implement an environmental management system and environmental auditing and implicitly, to react to social corporate responsibility. Future researches regard the increase the auditor's role in integrating various areas of the sustainability reports.
The Temporal and Spatial Development of Organic Agriculture in Turkey
Authors: Kocadağlı Aylin Yaman
Published: July 2019

The world's population is increasing rapidly and the food need for the increasing population has been growing also. In the 21st century, efforts for the sustainable use of the natural resources have been raised all around the world. Agriculture has always been on the center of discussions and developments as an activity carried out depending on the nature. Therefore, the sustainable agricultural systems have gained a considerable importance in recent years. This chapter will examine the temporal and spatial development of the organic agriculture in Turkey. The current situation of the agricultural sector in Turkey will be reviewed and the need for a sustainable agricultural system in Turkey be analyzed. The temporal and spatial change of the organic agricultural areas, numbers of producers and products, and organic production amounts in Turkey will be put forward. Also, the organic agricultural potential of Turkey will be evaluated and the reasons for not exploiting this potential will be investigated.
Strengthening Food Security With Sustainable Practices by Smallholder Farmers in Lesser Developed Economies
Authors: Naraine Leighton , Meehan Kevin
Published: July 2019

Smallholder farming has played a key role in reducing world hunger and the focus now turns to consolidating these gains. What practices and policies will enable smallholders to sustain their livelihoods and strengthen food security? Following a brief discussion of agricultural models, and the global shift to sustainable development goals, this chapter examines practices of smallholder farmers in St. Kitts with examples from elsewhere. Assessing what has worked and what barriers continue to limit smallholder success, the chapter offers a list of adaptive strategies, policy recommendations, and areas for future research that can maximize smallholder farming impact on food security. Suggested priorities include: focusing research and policies on individual farm enterprises; moving toward an integrated farm model; adopting best practices in marketing, distribution, and accounting; improving government support; and adapting education programs to include modernized curricula, non-formal education, and the use of ICTs for training and extension at all levels.
Importance of Sustainable Rural Development Through Agrarian Reforms
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Partha , Sinha Madhabendra , Sengupta Partha Pratim
Published: July 2019

The chapter tries to find out the relationship between public expenditures on infrastructure related to agriculture and allied factors and agricultural sustainability in Indian context. India has been suffering from appalling chronic poverty and to reduce the same, we need to focus on rural development, particularly in agriculture as it is unavoidable relation with economic development. Gini index of India is 33.9 (2011) i.e. asymmetrical wealth distribution exists. India is being burdened with a population of 1.2 billion as in 2015. The reciprocal relationship between agrarian reform and democratic development is pronounced. Agrarian reform was one of the focal points around which social mobilization occurred. Sustainable rural development could be achieved by a new balance as we find from some econometric model, which is being sought between agriculture and public expenditure and also export of agricultural produce. Adopting bottom-up agricultural development approaches which emphasize the involvement of the rural people in the implementations of different development programmes may escalate agrarian reforms.
The Collective Aestheticization of Farming as Participatory Civic Engagement
Authors: Coats Cala
Published: July 2019

This chapter is a case study that traces the life of a young artist farmer who developed a community-based educational farm. The case study illuminates networked connections between small-scale farming, a revitalized interest in handmade production, and a burgeoning desire for a living ethics rooted in direct engagements. This chapter reveals the breadth of the handmade revolution, tracing a singular example to investigate the desire to become a small-scale farmer; the network of apprenticing makers, farmers, and artists; the necessary participatory aestheticization of the farm as a marketing strategy and mode of cultural consumption; and the ethical complexity of sustaining the life of a young farmer in the current organic and locally-grown marketplace.
Inter Linkages of Water, Climate, and Agriculture
Authors: Londhe Sunil
Published: July 2019

Climate is the primary determinant of agricultural productivity and evidence shows possibility of shifts in earth's climate. Concern over the potential effects of long-term climatic change on agriculture has been raised over the past decade. Change in the climatic conditions on the globe created threat to the availability water for agriculture production. The present chapter is an attempt to distil what is known about the likely effects of climate change on water availability to agriculture for food security and nutrition in coming decades. Apart from few exceptions, the likely impacts of climate change on agriculture water resources in the future are not understood in any great depth. There are many uncertainties as to how changes in various environmental parameters will interact with the availability of water and further agriculture production. The future consequences of water resources on agriculture are discussed and summarized. Possible mitigation and adaptations to changing water availability for agriculture are also discusses.
Social and Environmental Impacts on Agricultural Development
Authors: Bekele Frances , Bekele Isaac
Published: July 2019

Addressing environmental and social impacts on agricultural development and food security is a global priority since increased food production of 60-70% is estimated to be required by 2050 to feed the growing world population. In developing nations, the situation is more acute since fewer social, technological and financial resources are available to combat climate change, which is expected to have negative effects on agricultural production, and there are other constraints to achieving food security. This chapter explores the social and environmental issues affecting agricultural production facing farmers and other agricultural practitioners, policy makers, institutions and stakeholders in the developing world. It will also address how progress in research in emerging economies can be put to maximum benefit in the face of these existing social and environmental challenges. A cohesive strategy to address these challenges is presented.
An Analysis of Mobile Phone Use in Nigerian Agricultural Development
Authors: Ogbeide Osadebamwen Anthony , Ele Ideba
Published: July 2019

This study used 328 smallholder farmer respondents to investigate its objectives of how farmers use mobile phone technology, what benefits they have gained from the use, and the constraints encountered during the process. The quantitative data collected through a process of questionnaire administration were analysed using Stata 12 software. The results indicate that mobile phone usage for farm and other social purposes has increased with farmers. The farmers also spend almost 40% of their phone bills on farm-related activities and that seeking market information represented 17.32% of the total phone bill in a month. Increased efficiency in input delivery, market access, and output distribution were reported as some of the advantages of using mobile phones. This study was conducted in a region where its general characteristics may not reflect that of the entire country thus generalisation of the study may be limited, so the data should be cautiously use.
Assessing the Readiness of Farmers Towards Cold Chain Management
Authors: Joshi Rohit , Joshi Sudhanshu
Published: July 2019

The purpose of the paper is to gain an insight into the current status of farmers' awareness and practices towards maintaining the postharvest cold chain. The related hypotheses are developed and tested. The major findings include- marginalized and small farms, literacy and poor awareness level are the main causes for the backwardness of Indian farmers. Also, lack of funds forces farmers to ignore the use of cold storage. Further, multi-intermediaries and fluctuating consumer prices result farmers in not getting fair share of the consumer rupee. One of the major challenges in front of fresh food industry in India is to reduce postharvest losses across the chain through increasing awareness level of famers towards cold chain, building market information systems to assist farmers in decision-making and improving food safety and quality of farm produce available in the market.
Segmenting Paddy Farmer's Attitude and Behavior
Authors: Adnan Nadia , Nordin Shahrina Md , Noor Amir Noor
Published: July 2019

Agriculture is the major driving force of Malaysian economic. The aim of this research study is to segment the behavior of paddy farmers in Malaysia and understand how they influence adoption, a green fertilizer technology (GFT). The first objective of this chapter is to establish the thinking which enables a society to bridge the gap between embracing GFT among paddy farmer in Malaysia. Furthermore, the study builds the conceptual framework and examine the relationship among the relevant construct of this conceptual framework which was found by critically examining the different agricultural innovation literature. To make this conceptual framework robust it is found in the literature that theory of planned behavior and theory of reasoned action play a major role in segment farmer's behavior towards the adoption of GFT. Policy implications and/or suggestions for future research are deliberated for each issue and factor that affecting the adoption of GFT.
Clash of Cultures
Authors: Loy Jennifer , Canning Samuel
Published: July 2019

In 2012, a Belgian company called Materialise hosted a fashion show featuring designs from a worldwide millinery competition. The featured pieces were paraded down a catwalk by professional models, and an overall winner chosen. What made this fashion show unusual was that the attendees were predominantly clinical and industrial engineers, and the host was a specialist engineering and software development company that emerged in 1990 from a research facility based at Leuven University. Engineers and product designers rather than fashion designers created the millinery and the works were all realized through additive manufacturing technology. This chapter provides an example of how fashion design has become a creative stimulus for the development of the technology. It illustrates how disruptive creativity has the potential to advance scientific research, with the two worlds of engineering and fashion coming together through a collaboration with industrial design. The chapter highlights the challenges and possible implications for preparing trans-disciplinary research teams.
Recent Advancements in Customized Investment Castings Through Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Singh Sunpreet , Prakash Chander , Uthayakumar M.
Published: July 2019

Conventional investment casting (IC) has suffered from numerous limitations such as rigidity of the process, longer production cycles, higher tooling cost, and waste during different manufacturing stages. With the invent of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, it is now possible to overcome the aforesaid issues along with additional benefits in terms of comparatively better quality characteristics of the resulting castings. The collaboration of AM and IC provided numerous avenues, specifically in biomedical, aerospace, and automobile sectors. AM technologies supported the IC process both in direct and indirect ways where these systems can be used for both job and mass production applications, respectively. In the chapter, the author will try to discuss the assistance of AM process to IC in detail. Each and every step to be followed will be supported with the practical findings, either by the contributing author or published somewhere else. Moreover, some of the case studies will be discussed in detail to highlight the practical importance of the duo.
Innovation in Product Design
Authors: Ramakrishnan Ravi , Gaur Loveleen
Published: July 2019

The IoT and 3D printing can become a potent combination when it comes to launching new business initiatives driven by hard-core data and analytics and not really based on human perceptions or limited survey data. Previous empirical research has shown that drivers of new product performance are a mix of strategic, development process, organizational, and market environmental factors. This chapter attempts (1) to understand how introduction of IoT sensors embedded in customer appliances or wearable's sending real time customer information coupled with rapid prototyping using remotely located 3D printers can help address design considerations for new products, and (2) to provide an overview of how using IoT data and 3D printers for new product development and prototyping as an early stage activity can be done without using human imagination of restricted market survey data.
Recent Trends in 3D Printing of Dental Models
Authors: Mohan Kayalvizhi
Published: July 2019

This chapter introduces the recent trend in 3D printing (3DP) in dentistry. The advantage and disadvantages of 3DP are discussed. It elaborates on different types of 3DP techniques involved and their significance. The chapter further discuss about the biomaterial used. It also describes the complete steps involved in 3DP such as image acquisition, modeling, segmentation, and printing techniques. The merits and demerits of the different methodologies pertaining to steps involved in 3DP are illustrated. Rapid prototyping in dental implants is discussed in detail. It ends with review of a case study in implementing the technique.
Lessons From the Private Sector
Authors: O'Brien Jamie
Published: July 2019

The primary aim of this chapter is to operationalize a knowledge assessment framework (KAF) using two exploratory case studies. The development of a KAF is important for the public sector for three reasons. First, the use of knowledge assessment allows firms to pinpoint knowledge gaps. Second, it allows firms to manage knowledge more effectively. Third, it gives public sector organizations a diagnostic tool with which to gauge their knowledge base. The effective management of knowledge can be considered a competency that enables a greater level of service to be extracted from other resources within the organization.
Cross-Functional Teams in Support of Building Knowledge Capacity in Public Sector
Authors: Badawi Sherine , Reyad Sameh , Al-Sartawi Abdalmuttaleb M. A. Musleh
Published: July 2019

Dynamic environmental changes nowadays have led organizations to look for many ways to respond to those changes. With increasing competition in markets, management approaches have emerged that helped organizations survive. This chapter presents the concept of cross-functional teams which develops a knowledge-sharing network that transforms organizations from traditional hierarchy base to informational base, and how it supports building knowledge capacity inside public sector organizations. Members of cross –functional teams belong to different branches of knowledge, and therefore have different backgrounds. They cooperate until the required task is completed successfully. This chapter concluded that cross- functional teams support building knowledge capacities in organizations. Recommendations were suggested based on the findings.
Measuring the Impact of Knowledge Management (KM) on Performance in the Public Sector in India
Authors: Joshi Himanshu , Chawla Deepak
Published: July 2019

This chapter is aimed at understanding how KM impact organizational performance. The chapter discusses KM perspectives, specially KM in public sector organizations, its dimensions and impact on performance. A review of literature and focus group discussion (FGD) was conducted. The sample was drawn from cross-section of various industries like manufacturing, power, pharmaceutical, etc. Some personal interviews were also conducted. Based on the review of literature, FGD, and personal interviews, an instrument was designed encompassing various statements related to KM as well as performance. Since there are not many public sector enterprises in India which are formally implementing KM, a convenience sampling was used. The study employs a mixed-method approach for data collection and appropriate statistical techniques are used to meet the objectives. The study proposes a conceptual framework for understanding KM dimensions and its impact on performance improvements. At the end of the chapter, recommendations for public sector companies for enhancing organizational performance are discussed.
Impact of Spiritual Intelligence on Leadership
Authors: Mehta Mita Nishant , Yadav Vijaylaxmi , Pancholi Richa , Chandani Arti , Mandir Nirav A.
Published: July 2019

The chapter analyzes the impact of spiritual intelligence on leadership. The research includes both primary and secondary data. The data is collected through two surveys: SISRI 24 for measuring the spiritual intelligence and MLQ for measuring the leadership traits of the respondents. The research population consist of 15 corporate leaders varied from Banking to IT to manufacturing industry. The authors also included some university professors for their research and study. SPSS software was used to do statistical analysis. The data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics including mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum scores, correlation formula, and multiple regression analysis. The outcomes demonstrate noteworthy positive connections, both simple and multiple, between spiritual intelligence and transformational leadership style in the corporate leaders in different sectors. As spiritual intelligence is an applied aspect of spirituality; it is recommended that spirituality be strengthened in corporate leaders in order to improve their leadership.
Science, Spiritualism, and Language
Authors: Padhy Lily Kumari , Mishra Deepanjali
Published: July 2019

Since the time of human civilization, the punitive investigations in the three determinant demeanors, which impinge from Plato to Tagore and from Newton to Einstein are language, science, and spiritualism. The ultimate nobility of the three is to discover the nature of reality. Reality is much more profound; but is scarcely comprehended by the ailing minds of modern men. Science and spirituality help in analyzing the matter of reality deeply and unveil the wide spectrum of topics from consciousness to cosmology and from scientific mystery to mathematical derivations and language helps its transformation and transition from generation to generation. The three aspects solemnly commit disciplining individuals to get eternal bliss, accomplishing the concepts of realism and idealism.
Veganism in the Bhagwad Gita
Authors: Ranjan Pratyush , Pujari Sanskruti
Published: July 2019

This chapter will start by giving a brief description about the most contextually relevant portions of the Bhagwad Gita (the Song of the Spirit) and go on to establish its stark opposition to egoism in general and anthropocentrism, in particular, which is responsible for most of the global problems in the age of the Anthropocene. It contends that anthropocentrism (including speciesism) is guilty for the globalized industry of animal agriculture that is responsible for large-scale suffering and various major global problems. It then seeks directions from the Gita on the appropriate principled responses to the industry, including that of changing dietary habits towards plant-based sources, before finally exploring whether the Gita would promote veganism.
A Theory-Practice Research Framework for Video-Enhanced Learning, Assessment, and Feedback
Authors: McDowell James
Published: July 2019

This chapter discusses a two-year project that explored the impact of video-enhanced learning, assessment, and feedback on undergraduate first-year students in higher education. Underpinned by a pragmatist epistemology, and arguing the case for a design-based methodological approach within a theoretical framework embracing the cognitive theory of multimedia learning, the community of inquiry, and the conversational framework, the chapter explores contemporary research into assessment and feedback, uses of technology-enhanced learning to promote inclusivity, and educational applications of asynchronous video.
Towards a Dialogic Model of Video-Enhanced Learning, Assessment, and Feedback
Authors: McDowell James
Published: July 2019

This chapter discusses the implementation of research designed to investigate how video-enhanced learning, assessment, and feedback involves a dialogic approach and contributes to the concept of an integrated model of practice. It builds on the theoretical framework underpinned by both cognitive and social forms of constructivism. Developing design exemplars for video-enhanced learning, assessment, and feedback, three research cycles explored learner-artefact and learner-tutor interactions. The first cycle introduces instructional tutorial videos, freeing up time for formative feedback; the second cycle sees formative video-feedback situated within a conversational framework and video-enhanced assessment activities replace documentation tasks; while the third cycle introduces refinements to the frequency of feedback and regular video diaries, forming an integrated model of video-enhanced learning, assessment, and feedback.
Male-to-Female (MtoF) gender affirming surgery: Modified surgical approach for the glans reconfiguration in the neoclitoris (M-shape neoclitorolabioplasty)
Authors: Cocci Andrea , Rosi Francesco , Frediani Davide , Rizzo Michele , Cito Gianmartin , Trombetta Carlo , Vedovo Francesca , Grisanti Caroassai Simone , Delle Rose Augusto , Matteucci Valeria , Buccianti Piero , Ceccarelli Cristina , Carini Marco , Minervini Andrea , Morelli Girolamo
Published: July 2019

Purpose: The aim of this article is to describe our modified surgical technique for the reconfiguration of the glans in the clitoris and the labia minora, known as the “M-shape neoclitorolabioplasty”. Methods: The glans with all its neurovascular bundle is isolated from the corpora cavernosa, incised in Y-shape mode and spread in order to obtain an M-shape glandular flap. The “belly” of the M-shape glans will constitute the triangular neoclitoris meanwhile the lateral flaps will constitute the labia minora. The inferior apex of the neoclitoris is fixed to the superior apex of the previously spatulated urethra. The two glans flaps are incised transversally to increase their length and sutured to the sides of the spatulated urethra forming the labia minora. Our technique permits to create an aesthetically pleasing neovagina preserving all the glandular erogenous sensitivity. Results: 94 patients have been treated with our modified technique of male-to-female (MtoF) gender affirming surgery. At median follow-up of 27.57 months, 81 (86.1%) patients reported vaginal intercourse and 78 (82.9%) patients referred presence of erogenous sensitivity during dilatations, intercourse or masturbations. All the glandular tissue is preserved and reconfigured forming the neoclitoris and the labia minora. The M-shape reconfiguration permit to create an aesthetically pleasant neoclitoris. Conclusions: This technique could be applied safely and easily to patients undergoing gender affirming surgery, allowing the creation of a neovagina with the best possible erogenous sensitivity without losing aesthetical results.
Klinefelter’s syndrome and taurodontism
Authors: Giambersio Emilia , Barile Vincenzo , Giambersio Antonio Marcello
Published: July 2019

Objective: Taurodontism is a dental anomaly characterized by an enlarged pulp chamber and apycal displacement of the pulpar floor. The prevalence of taurodontism in normal population is controversial. It has been reported that taurodontism is frequently observed in Klinefelter’s patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of taurodontism in a group of Italian Klinefelter’s patients and in a randomly selected male population of Italy and to compare the results with published data. Materials and methods: Digital panoramic radiographs of 16 Klinefelter’s patients and of 100 normal males were retrospectively studied in order to investigate the prevalence of taurodontism in these groups of patients. Results: Taurodont teeth were observed in 2 of the 16 Klinefelter’s patients (12.5%) and in 2 of 100 normal males (2.0%). Conclusions: Our results confirm the higher prevalence of taurodontism in Klinefelter’s patients compared to the normal population (12.5% vs. 2.0%). Due to the wide discrepancy of incidence of taurodontism reported in literature (0.04%-48.0% in normal population; 12.5%-88.0% in Klinefelter’s patients), we conclude that it is not possible to state which is the prevalence of taurodontism in a normal population nor among Klinefelter’s patients.
A rare cause of clitoromegaly: Epidermoid cyst
Authors: Karaci Selman , Kulaksiz Deniz , Sekerci Cagri Akin
Published: July 2019

Clitoromegaly due to non-hormonal causes is rare. In this case, we aimed to present an epidermal cyst that caused clitoromegaly after traditional female circumcision. A 22-year-old African female was referred to our clinic with enlarged clitoris. There is a mobile, soft, nonfluctuant mass with a size of 6 cm originating from the clitoral region at physical examination. Under spinal anesthesia the clitoral mass was excised totally and labioplasty was performed. Histopathologic examination was reported as epidermal cyst. Epidermal cyst should be considered after hormonal reasons are excluded in patients with clitoromegaly who have a history of trauma.