bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of orally administered DL-α-lipoic acid in dogs
Authors: Zicker Steven C. , Avila Albert , Joshi Dinesh K. , Gross Kathy L.
Published: November 2010

Objective—To determine the pharmacokinetics of DL-α-lipoic acid in dogs when administered at 3 dosages via 3 methods of delivery.

Animals—27 clinically normal Beagles.

Procedures—In a 3 × 3 factorial Latin square design, 3 dosages (2.5, 12.5, and 25 mg/kg) of DL-α-lipoic acid were administered orally in a capsule form and provided without a meal, in a capsule form and provided with a meal, and as an ingredient included in an extruded dog food. Food was withheld for 12 hours prior to DL-α-lipoic acid administration. Blood samples were collected before (0 minutes) and at 15, 30, 45, 60, and 120 minutes after administration. Plasma concentrations of DL-α-lipoic acid were determined via high-performance liquid chromatography. A generalized linear models procedure was used to evaluate the effects of method of delivery and dosage. Noncompartmental analysis was used to determine pharmacokinetic parameters of DL-α-lipoic acid. Nonparametric tests were used to detect significant differences between pharmacokinetic parameters among treatment groups.

Results—A significant effect of dosage was observed regardless of delivery method. Method of delivery also significantly affected plasma concentrations of DL-α-lipoic acid, with extruded foods resulting in lowest concentration for each dosage administered. Maximum plasma concentration was significantly affected by method of delivery at each dosage administered. Other significant changes in pharmacokinetic parameters were variable and dependent on dosage and method of delivery.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Values for pharmacokinetic parameters of orally administered DL-α-lipoic acid may differ significantly when there are changes in dosage, method of administration, and fed status.
Evaluation of fluid pressures of common wound-flushing techniques
Authors: Gall Trent T. , Monnet Eric
Published: November 2010

Objective—To evaluate fluid pressures generated via common wound-flushing techniques.

Sample Population—24 combinations of bottles, needles, a syringe, and a bag.

Procedures—12 medically trained individuals used the following devices to forcefully expel fluid as for wound flushing: full and half-full 1-L and 500-mL bottles with holes in the cap made with 16-, 18-, 20-, and 22-gauge needles; a 35-mL syringe with the same needle sizes; and a 1-L bag placed in a cuff pressurized to 300 mm Hg, with the same needle sizes. Fluid expulsion pressures were measured and compared.

Results—The highest pressure generated with the bottle was 3.90 — 1.30 psi (mean — SD) with a 16-gauge needle and a full 1-L bottle. The highest pressure generated with the 35-mL syringe was 18.40 — 9.80 psi with a 16-gauge needle. The lowest pressure generated with the 35-mL syringe was 16.70 — 6.50 psi with an 18-gauge needle. The bag under pressure generated a pressure of 7.3 — 0.1 psi with a 16-gauge needle. Needle size did not have a significant effect.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Solution bottles of any size and needle gauge do not meet the requirement for satisfactory flushing pressure of 7 to 8 psi. Use of a 35-mL syringe can produce pressure substantially > 7 to 8 psi, which could damage tissues. The most consistent delivery method to generate 7 to 8 psi was use of a 1-L plastic bag within a cuff pressurized to 300 mm Hg.
Brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome in dogs: 90 cases (1991–2008)
Authors: Fasanella Frank J. , Shivley Jacob M. , Wardlaw Jennifer L. , Givaruangsawat Sumalee
Published: November 2010

Objective—To determine the prevalence of individual anatomic components of brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome (BAOS), including everted tonsils, and analyze the frequency with which each component occurs with 1 or more other components of BAOS in brachycephalic dogs.

Design—Retrospective case series.

Animals—90 dogs with BAOS.

Procedures—Medical records were reviewed for signalment, clinical signs at time of admission, historical and physical examination findings, BAOS components found on laryngoscopic examination of the pharynx and larynx, surgical procedures performed, and perioperative complications.

Results—English Bulldogs (55/90 [61%]), Pugs (19/90 [21%]), and Boston Terriers (8/90 [9%]) were the most common breeds with BAOS. The most common components of BAOS were elongated soft palate (85/90 [94%]), stenotic nares (69/90 [77%]), everted laryngeal saccules (59/90 [66%]), and everted tonsils (50/90 [56%]). Dogs most commonly had 3 or 4 components of BAOS, with the most common combination being stenotic nares, elongated soft palate, everted laryngeal saccules, and everted tonsils. Dogs with stenotic nares were significantly more likely to have everted laryngeal saccules (50/69 [72%]), and dogs with everted laryngeal saccules were significantly more likely to have everted tonsils (39/59 [66%]). Postoperative surgical complications occurred in 12% (10/83) of dogs that received corrective surgery. No specific BAOS component made dogs more likely to have complications.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The prevalence of components of BAOS in brachycephalic dogs of this study differed from that reported previously, especially for everted tonsils. Thorough examination of the pharynx and larynx is necessary for detection of BAOS components.
Response rate after administration of a single dose of doxorubicin in dogs with B-cell or T-cell lymphoma: 41 cases (2006–2008)
Authors: Beaver Lynda M. , Strottner Gabriele , Klein Mary K.
Published: November 2010

Objective—To determine the response rate after administration of a single dose of doxorubicin in dogs with B-cell or T-cell multicentric or thymic lymphoma.

Design—Retrospective case series.

Animals—41 client-owned dogs with lymphoma.

Procedures—Medical records of dogs in which lymphoma was diagnosed between February 2006 and October 2008 were reviewed. Entry criteria included that dogs had a confirmed lymphoma that was immunophenotyped to be of B-cell or T-cell origin. Only dogs that received doxorubicin alone as their first chemotherapy treatment and were evaluated 1 week later were included in the study. Dogs were excluded when they had received prior treatment with corticosteroids. Medical records were reviewed to obtain signalment, stage and substage of lymphoma, and immunophenotype and to determine whether the dog had hypercalcemia at the time of diagnosis.

Results—Dogs with T-cell lymphoma had a significantly lower response rate to doxorubicin than did dogs with B-cell lymphoma. Twenty-five of 29 (86.2%) dogs with B-cell lymphoma had a complete response, compared with 2 of 12 dogs in the T-cell group that had a complete response. The overall response rate of dogs with B-cell lymphoma was 100%, compared with a response rate of 50% in dogs with T-cell lymphoma.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Standard-of-care chemotherapy protocols for the treatment of dogs with lymphoma include doxorubicin. Many dogs with T-cell lymphoma did not respond to doxorubicin; therefore, multiagent protocols containing doxorubicin may not be optimal. Alternative protocols should be considered for dogs with T-cell lymphoma that do not respond to doxorubicin.
Panniculitis attributable to Mycobacterium goodii in an immunocompetent dog in Georgia
Authors: Krimer Paula M. , Phillips Kelly M. , Miller Doris M. , Sanchez Susan
Published: November 2010

Case Description—A 5-year-old 38.3-kg (84.5-lb) mixed-breed dog was examined because of acute onset of lethargy and anorexia. Four days later, a raised, firm, warm 15 × 10-cm lesion was detected in the right caudal paralumbar area.

Clinical Findings—Cephalexin treatment yielded a poor response. Formalin-fixed tissue and fluid samples from the cystic areas of the lesion were submitted for cytologic and histologic examinations, routine bacterial and mycobacterial culture, and genus identification and 16S partial sequencing via PCR assays. Cytologic examination revealed chronic pyogranulomatous inflammation. Histologic examination by use of routine, Giemsa, silver, acid-fast, and modified acid-fast stains revealed multifocal nodular granulomatous panniculitis without identifiable organisms. Mycobacteria were initially identified via PCR assay and mycobacterial culture within 3 days. Mycobaterium goodii was speciated by use of partial 16S RNA sequence analysis.

Treatment and Outcome—The lesion resolved after long-term treatment with a combination of rifampin and clarithromycin and insertion of a Penrose drain. There has been no recurrence of the condition.

Clinical Relevance—M goodii is an environmental rapidly growing mycobacterium and is a zoonotic pathogen. Infections have not been previously reported in domestic animals in North America, although there are rare reports of infection in humans associated with surgery, especially surgical implants. Domestic animals are a potential sentinel for this non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection in humans, although lack of speciation in infections of domestic animals likely underestimates the potential public health importance of this pathogenic organism. Current microbiological molecular methods allow for a rapid and inexpensive diagnosis.
Comparison of complications and long-term survival rates following hand-sewn versus stapled side-to-side jejunocecostomy in horses with colic
Authors: Freeman David E. , Schaeffer David J.
Published: November 2010

Objective—To evaluate survival rate and complications after jejunocecostomy in horses with colic and to compare outcomes after hand-sewn versus stapled side-to-side jejunocecostomy.

Design—Retrospective cohort study. Animals—32 horses.

Procedures—Information was retrieved from medical records and through telephone calls on horses that had a hand-sewn or stapled side-to-side jejunocecostomy for treatment of colic, which was performed by or under the supervision of the same surgeon. KaplanMeier life table analysis was used to compare survival times and rates between horses that underwent a hand-sewn or stapled side-to-side anastomosis.

Results—32 horses met inclusion criteria; 22 underwent a hand-sewn anastomosis, and 10 underwent a stapled anastomosis. Horses in the stapled group had a significantly greater prevalence of postoperative colic and combined postoperative colic and reflux than horses in the hand-sewn group. In the hand-sewn group, repeated celiotomy was performed within the same hospitalization period for 3 of 22 horses; in the stapled group, 4 of 10 horses had repeated celiotomies. Hospital discharge rates (ie, short-term survival rates) were similar between horses in the hand-sewn group (20/22 horses) and those in the stapled group (9/10 horses). Long-term survival rates were similar for both groups, ranging from 5 to 126 months. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Short- and long-term results justify use of jejunocecostomy in horses. Despite similar survival rates between groups, horses that underwent a stapled anastomosis had significantly greater prevalences of postoperative complications than horses that underwent a hand-sewn anastomosis, suggesting that horses were sensitive to minor differences in anastomosis techniques.
Repeated testing by use of culture and PCR assay to detect Tritrichomonas foetus carrier bulls in an infected Nebraska herd
Authors: Ondrak Jeff D. , Keen James E. , Rupp Gary P. , Kennedy James A. , McVey D. Scott , Baker William D.
Published: November 2010

Objective—To compare methods for identification of bulls that were carriers for Tritrichomonas foetus during an outbreak on a large beef ranch and determine whether the percentage of nonpregnant cows was associated with the percentage of bulls infected with T foetus.

Design—Epidemiological study.

Animals—121 Angus and Hereford bulls (1.5 to 6 years old) and 2,960 Angus-cross cows (2.5 to 14 years old) managed as 5 herds on a Nebraska beef ranch.

Procedures—3 sequential preputial scrapings collected from the bulls at 12- to 27-day intervals were cultured, and cultures were examined for live T foetus daily for 5 days. On day 5, aliquots of the culture fluid were tested by means of T foetus-specific gel and real-time PCR assays. Cows were tested for pregnancy by means of rectal palpation.

Results—For 361 preputial scrapings obtained from 121 bulls, results of culture and gel PCR assay were in close agreement. The real-time PCR assay had similar sensitivity to culture and the gel PCR assay but generated more false-positive results. Twenty-four of the 121 (19.8%) bulls were identified as infected with T foetus. For the 5 ranch herds, there was a positive linear correlation between percentage of infected bulls (range, 0% to 40%) and percentage of nonpregnant cows (range, 8.3% to 19.2%).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that a combination of culture and the gel PCR assay performed on 3 sequential preputial scrapings was the best method for identifying bulls that were carriers for T foetus during this herd outbreak.
Self-Leadership and Volition: Distinct and Potentially Supplemental Constructs?
Authors: Heiss Christian , Engbert Kai , Gröpel Peter , Ziegler Matthias , Brand Ralf
Published: November 2010

Self-leadership and volition are conceptually similar concepts. Both propose self-influence strategies that aim to improve the motivation and self-direction necessary to perform well. The present study assesses whether self-leadership strategies maintain construct-specific variance when compared with the similar strategies of volition. Results from a questionnaire study ( N = 320) indicate that self-leadership and volitional strategies are distinguishable and only moderately ( r=.33) correlated. Self-leadership, therefore, supplements volition during goal attainment. Findings are discussed in light of the Rubicon model of action phases.
A Model for Judgments of Work Values and Job Satisfaction
Authors: Borg Ingwer
Published: November 2010

First, a discussion is presented of some previous research results on the relation of a person's assessment of the importance (“value”) of an object and his or her attitude toward that object, in particular on the relation of work values with job satisfaction. Then, a model is formulated and simulated to explain how both types of judgments are generated. In Phase 1, the elements of the mental representation of the respective attitude object are aggregated by two composition rules to an overall satisfaction and an overall importance judgment, respectively. In addition, possible dissonance of high importance and low satisfaction is reduced by a coping function.
Measuring Service Learning Outcomes: Test-Retest Reliability of Four Scales
Authors: Weber James E. , Weber Paula S. , Young Margaret A.
Published: November 2010

Previous research efforts have developed and validated various scales potentially useful in evaluating service learning outcomes. The developmental efforts reported for the four scales examined in this study did not include the test-retest reliabilities that would provide assurance to service learning researchers of the long-term stability and therefore usefulness of these measures. Summary estimates of 13-wk. test-retest reliabilities for the scales Civic Participation, Self-efficacy Toward Service, Attitude Toward Helping Others, and College Education's Role in Addressing Social Issues provide service learning researchers with evidence of stability of the scales over the typical duration of service learning courses.
Relations between Self-Leadership and Scores on the Big Five
Authors: Furtner Marco R. , Rauthmann John F.
Published: November 2010

The recent construct of Self-leadership, which includes cognitive and behavioral strategies of managing oneself, has yet to be examined for associations with central personality dimensions such as the Big Five and their higher-order factors (Alpha, Beta). It was hypothesized that Self-leadership and its subfacets would be significantly correlated with all Big Five traits except Agreeableness, albeit higher with Extraversion and Openness to Experiences as it should pertain more strongly to agentic than communal traits. Analyses in university students ( N = 168) indicated that Self-leadership and its facets were more strongly related to Beta (Agency) than Alpha (Communion), and, although there were mostly positive correlations, Self-leadership should be distinguished from the Big Five traits. Findings are discussed regarding Self-leadership's associations with the Big Five traits and higher-order factors.
Sequelae of Prospective versus Retrospective Reports of Adverse Childhood Experiences
Authors: Hardt J. , Vellaisamy P. , Schoon I.
Published: November 2010

Retrospective assessment of adverse childhood experiences is widely used in research, although there are concerns about its validity. In particular, recall bias is assumed to produce significant artifacts. Data from a longitudinal cohort (the British National Child Development Study; N = 7,710) and the retrospective Mainz Adverse Childhood Experiences Study ( N = 1,062, Germany) were compared on 10 adverse childhood experiences and psychological adjustment at age 42 yr. Between the two methods, no significant differences in risk effects were detected. Results held for bivariate analyses on all 10 childhood adversities and a multivariate model; the later comprises the childhood adversities which show significant long-term sequelae (not always with natural parent, chronically ill parent, financial hardship, and being firstborn) and three covariates. In conclusion, the present data did not show any bias in the retrospective assessment.
Positive and Negative Affect, Life Satisfaction, and Coping with Stress by Attachment Styles in Turkish Students
Authors: Deniz M. Engin , Işik Erkan
Published: November 2010

The purpose was to investigate positive and negative affect, life satisfaction, and coping with stress in relation to attachment styles. Undergraduate students ( N = 421) completed the Relationship Scales Questionnaire, the Positive and Negative Affect Scale, the Satisfaction With Life Scale, and the Coping with Stress Scale. Results indicated that secure attachment style was the unique predictor of positive affect while fearful and preoccupied attachment styles significantly predicted negative affect. Regarding life satisfaction, a positive correlation with secure attachment style and a negative correlation with fearful and preoccupied styles were seen. However, the unique predictor of life satisfaction was preoccupied attachment style. In terms of coping with stress, there was no significant association between attachment variables and avoidance coping style, but significant links were observed between problem-focused coping and dismissing, and fearful and preoccupied attachment styles.
Additional Psychometric Data for a Portuguese Scale to Assess History of Depressive Symptomatology with a Community Sample
Authors: Campos Rui C.
Published: November 2010

The Depressive History Questionnaire is shown to have a single factor and acceptable internal consistency reliability in a sample of 205 community participants.
Personality Functioning in Patients with a Progressive Course of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Lorio Rita , Moressa Giuseppe , Meneghello Francesca , Salcuni Silvia , Zennaro Alessandro , Ferro Laura , Stabile Maria Rosaria , Tonin Paolo
Published: November 2010

This study intended to describe general personality functioning in patients with a progressive course of multiple sclerosis. 55 consecutive rehabilitation inpatients with progressive course of multiple sclerosis were assessed with a multimethod test battery: the Expanded Disability Status Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, and the Rorschach Test administered and scored with Comprehensive System. The control group comprised 55 healthy participants with similar sociodemographic characteristics. Specific differences were found for both cognitive and affective aspects, as the patients with progressive course of multiple sclerosis had less positive self-image, less effective mediation processing, and an affective approach to reality. Present data illustrated the usefulness of examining patients with a progressive course of multiple sclerosis to identify abilities and difficulties in cognitive and affective patterns, and support better adaptation to relationships and the environment.
Trait Emotional Intelligence and Disposition for Forgiveness
Authors: Carvalho Daniela , Neto Félix , Mavroveli Stella
Published: November 2010

The association of trait emotional intelligence with a disposition for forgiveness was explored. In addition, the relationship between emotional intelligence and affect was also examined. A sample of 268 Portuguese students completed measures of trait emotional intelligence, disposition to forgive, and affect. Results demonstrated that trait emotional intelligence scores were negatively associated with lasting resentment and negative affect and positively associated with positive affect.
Greater Pressor Reactivity in Women with Pre-Eclampsia is Not Related to Specific Psychological or Emotional Stressors
Authors: Rossi Nicolino C. F. , Montebarocci Ornella , Surcinelli Paola , Baldaro Bruno , Immordino Vincenzo , Borghi Claudio
Published: November 2010

To investigate whether emotional or psychosocial factors could be significantly related with the development of pre-eclampsia, 15 pregnant women with early diagnosis of pre-eclampsia and 15 normotensive pregnant controls of comparable age (23–37 yr.), gestational age (10–37 wk.), parity (70% primiparous), amount of instruction, and marital status underwent a blood pressure monitoring during a specific psychological assessment based on a semistructured interview followed by the administration of three different questionnaires: the Symptom Checklist 90–Revised, the Perceived Stress Questionnaire–Recent, and the Questionnaire about Social Relationships. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were measured at 2-min. intervals by an automatic device both during the interview and the questionnaires' administration. Both systolic and diastolic responses were significantly increased in both groups during the interview (ΔSBP = 15 vs 10%; ΔDBP = 28 vs 15.8%), whereas no differences were observed in blood pressure while answering questionnaires. Conversely, differences in questionnaire responses between groups were not statistically significant. Present results confirm a greater pressor reactivity in these women with pre-eclampsia but does not specifically support that this was related to psychological or emotional stress.
Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) May be Valid in Men Ages 18 to 20
Authors: Strunk Kamden K. , Sutton Geoffrey W. , Skadeland Dean R.
Published: November 2010

The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) provides standardized scores for adults ages 20 to 89 years. However, there are situations in which the use of the RBANS for adults ages 18 to 20 years may be appropriate and have practical advantages. Thus, at present, an examiner who uses the RBANS for adult patients must rely on an entirely different evaluation tool for those adult patients under the age of 20 years. This preliminary investigation suggests the RBANS is a valid measure for men ages 18 to 20 years.
Regression toward the Mean or Heuristic Processing in Detecting Deception?: Reply to Elaad (2010)
Authors: Masip Jaume , Garrido Eugenio , Herrero Carmen
Published: November 2010

Masip, et al. (2009) conducted a study in which observers had to make truth–lie judgments at the beginning, middle, or end of a series of videotaped statements. They found a decline in truth judgments over time and explained this finding in terms of information processing mode. Recently, Elaad (2010) challenged this explanation and contended that the decline could be a result of regression toward the mean. In the present paper, it is argued that because Masip, et al. took multiple Moment 1 judgments over time and then averaged across judgments, regression toward the mean was extremely unlikely. Furthermore, the decrease in truth judgments was found under several separate conditions; this cannot be explained by random fluctuations alone. Finally, Masip, et al.'s data were re-analyzed adjusting for the effects of regression toward the mean. The outcomes of these analyses were the same as those reported in the original article.
Maximum-Corrected and Chance-Corrected Measures of Effect Size for the Mantel–Haenszel Test
Authors: Berry Kenneth J. , Johnston Janis E. , Mielke Paul W.
Published: November 2010

Two measures of effect size are described for the Mantel–Haenszel test. Both measures belong to the r-family of effect size measures. One measure is based on a maximum-corrected model, and the second measure is based on a chance-corrected model.
Scale Validation via Quantifying Item Validity Using the Dm Index
Authors: Taras Vasyl , Kline Theresa
Published: November 2010

While most validity indices are based on total test scores, this paper describes a method for quantifying the construct validity of items. The approach is based on the item selection technique originally described by Piazza in 1980. Unfortunately, Piazza's P2 index suffers from some substantial limitations. The Dm coefficient provides an alternative which can be used for item selection and provides a validity index for a set of items. The index is similar to that of traditional criterion-related validity indices. Criterion-related validity is used to demonstrate the accuracy of hypothesized relations of the measure with outcome variables of interest in research and practice. This method may be useful when the sample of items or persons is small, rendering more traditional approaches such as factor analysis or item response theory inappropriate. An example of how to use the technique is provided.
Independent Effects of Personality and Sex on Self-Estimated Intelligence: Evidence from Austria
Authors: Stieger Stefan , Kastner Cornelia K. , Voracek Martin , Von Stumm Sophie , Chamorro-Premuzic Tomas , Furnham Adrian
Published: November 2010

-The effects of sex and personality traits on self-estimates of intelligence were examined in a sample of 302 Austrian adults (143 men, 159 women). Confirming previous research, men had higher self-estimates of logical and spatial abilities than did women, and these differences were partly explained in terms of women's higher Neuroticism scores. Neuroticism (negatively) and openness (positively) accounted significantly for variances in self-estimates of spatial and logical intelligence. However, sex had stronger direct and indirect effects on self-estimates of intelligence. Sex and personality effects appear to be largely independent. thus, being male, emotionally stable, and open to new experiences is likely to result in higher self-estimates of spatial and logical abilities.
The Odd Effect and Multiple Meanings in English of the Words “Odd” and “Even”
Authors: Hines Terence M.
Published: November 2010

Under a variety of conditions, people take longer to make judgments about odd than about even digits and digit names. In English the words “odd” and “even” have multiple meanings. Perhaps the multiple meanings of these words are responsible for the slowing of responses to odd stimuli. This hypothesis was tested using participants who spoke no English and in whose native language, Polish, the words for the mathematical concepts of odd and even do not have multiple meanings.
Home Literacy Experiences and Literacy Acquisition among Children in Guangzhou, South China
Authors: Chen Xiao , Zhou Hui , Zhao Jindong , Davey Gareth
Published: November 2010

Sénéchal's research in the West with English- and French-speaking children included positive relations of the development of literacy skills with home literacy experiences. There is a need to extend this research to other countries, especially in China where few studies have been done. This study examined relations of parental reports of formal and informal home literacy variables with Chinese children's vocabulary and written language development. Consistent with previous studies in the West, informal home literacy experiences were associated with Chinese children's vocabulary knowledge, and formal literacy experiences with reading skills. These findings fit previous research which distinguishes formal and informal literacy experiences in relation to children's performance on reading and language skills, and indicates reading to children is less effective for acquisition of print-specific skills.
Self-Leadership and Physical Vitality
Authors: Müller Günter F. , Georgianna Sibylle , Roux Gregor
Published: November 2010

The current study examined the extension of an approach to self-leadership using strategies which focus on (1) constructive thoughts, (2) natural rewards, and (3) effective behavior. The suggested extension refers to strategies which improve physical vitality, fitness, and well-being. A sample of 163 students answered scale items selected and composed to measure the four categories of self-leadership strategies. Confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation modelling indicated that strategies focusing on physical vitality, fitness, and well-being represent an independent category of self-leadership strategies. Implications for research and application were discussed.
Relations of Familiarity with Reasoning Strategies in Conspiracy Beliefs
Authors: Bost Preston R. , Prunier Stephen G. , Piper Allen J.
Published: November 2010

The prevalence and resilience of conspiracy beliefs suggest that such beliefs may derive in part from general information-processing mechanisms. Two predictions were tested: conspiracy beliefs would increase as familiarity with the conspiracy increased, and conspiracy beliefs would rest in part on the perception of the alleged conspirators' motive. Participants read condensed versions of four real-life conspiracy theories of varying familiarity, rated their belief in the conspiracies, and explained their ratings. Although belief was not associated with familiarity, participants used different justifications for their beliefs about familiar and unfamiliar conspiracies, relying prominently on motive when the conspiracy was unfamiliar. Preliminary data suggested that participants' beliefs in conspiracies may have been equally strong when they reasoned only in terms of motive as when they reasoned in terms of documented evidence. An additional finding suggested also that beliefs in conspiracies may increase as affiliation with the victim of the alleged conspiracy increases.
Paranormal Beliefs and Religiosity: Chinese Version of the Revised Paranormal Belief Scale
Authors: Shiah Yung-Jong , Wu Ming-Hsun , Tam Wai-Cheong Carl , Chang Frances
Published: November 2010

This paper reports an initial study investigating the relations of paranormal beliefs with religiosity in a Chinese sample, as well as the development of a Chinese version of the Revised Paranormal Belief Scale and a test of its psychometric properties with 310 college students (5.5% Christians, 21.3% Buddhists, 61% believers in traditional Chinese religions, and 12% atheists). The reliability and validity of the Chinese version were satisfactory. In general, traditional Chinese religious believers had higher scores on paranormal belief than did Christians and atheists, and the mean total score of the Chinese participants was higher than previously reported in a Western sample. It was concluded that the greater involvement of practitioners of traditional Chinese religions in activities emphasizing paranormal experiences might contribute to their greater paranormal belief, especially as compared to the minority Christian group. The results are consistent with the idea that Christianity may offer the least support for paranormal belief.
Moral Reasoning and Moral Orientation of U.S. and Turkish University Students
Authors: Kuyel Nilay , Glover Rebecca J.
Published: November 2010

Participants from an individualistic society (USA) were compared with participants from a collectivistic society (Turkey) in terms of moral reasoning and orientation (justice and care). A total of 396 undergraduates (203 U.S. students, 193 Turkish students) between the ages of 18 and 46 years were administered the original version of the Defining Issues Test and the Measure of Moral Orientation. Turkish participants received higher mean principled scores than did the U.S. participants, and female participants received higher mean principled scores than did male participants. Turkish participants also scored significantly higher on the justice and care orientations than U.S. participants, and female participants scored significantly higher on the justice and care orientations than male participants.
Examination of the Relations of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and the Neo–4 Personality Inventory in a Polish Sample
Authors: Klinkosz Waldemar , Iskra Justyna
Published: November 2010

The present study was designed to replicate McCrae and Costa's research findings on the relation of NEO–4 domains with the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator scales in a Polish sample of 300 psychology student volunteers (175 women, 125 men). Their mean age was 22.3 yr. ( SD = 4.5). Correlations for scores on the MBTI scales with NEO–4 domains ranged from .72 to .02 for Extraversion, from -.60 to -.16 for Openness to experience, from -.56 to -.04 for Agreeableness, and from .55 to -.07 for Conscientiousness. Two domains assessed with the NEO–4 correspond to preferences measured by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.
Psychometric Properties of the Coping Response Inventory with Brazilian Adolescents
Authors: Zanini Daniela S. , Mendonça Helenides , Forns Maria , Kirchner Teresa
Published: November 2010

To analyze the psychometric properties of the Coping Response Inventory–Youth Form (CRI–Y) and its applicability, 426 Brazilian adolescents (43.3% boys, 56.7% girls), ages 12 to 18 years ( M = 16.5, SD = 1.6), completed the authorized Brazilian/Portuguese version of the 1993 original. Analysis showed higher use of Approach coping and Emotional Discharge by the girls. The inventory showed internal consistency reliability was similar to that of the original scale. A two-factor structure reflecting Approach and Avoidance coping was found; however, the distribution of loadings of specific coping scales on this two-factor structure did not fit the original Moos model. The criterion validity analyzed by the use of the Youth Self-Report showed significant positive relation between the Avoidance dimension and Psychopathological symptoms for boys and girls. Data were discussed with respect to coping theory, assessment, and cultural influences.
Pre-Employment Integrity Testing across Multiple Industries
Authors: Fine Saul
Published: November 2010

Despite the robust meta-analytic data available, very little comparative research exists on validities of integrity measures within specific industries. Among a sample of 2,456 Israeli job applicants, integrity scores were found to be significantly correlated with self-reported counterproductive work behaviors across eight different industries, with no evidence of adverse impact by gender, age, or national origin. These results are believed to be of practical importance to the diverse organizations administering integrity tests.
A Pilot Study for the Analysis of Dream Reports Using Maslow's Need Categories: An Extension to the Emotional Selection Hypothesis
Authors: Coutts Richard
Published: November 2010

The emotional selection hypothesis describes a cyclical process that uses dreams to modify and test select mental schemas. An extension is proposed that further characterizes these schemas as facilitators of human need satisfaction. A pilot study was conducted in which this hypothesis was tested by assigning 100 dream reports (10 randomly selected from 10 dream logs at an online web site) to one or more categories within Maslow's hierarchy of needs. A “match” was declared when at least two of three judges agreed both for category and for whether the identified need was satisfied or thwarted in the dream narrative. The interjudge reliability of the judged needs was good (92% of the reports contained at least one match). The number of needs judged as thwarted did not differ significantly from the number judged as satisfied (48 vs 52%, respectively). The six “higher” needs (belongingness, esteem, cognitive, aesthetic, self-actualization, and transcendence) were scored significantly more frequently (81%) than were the two lowest or “basic” needs (physiological and safety, 19%). Basic needs were also more likely to be judged as thwarted, while higher needs were more likely to be judged as satisfied. These findings are discussed in the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs as a framework for investigating theories of dream function, including the emotional selection hypothesis and other contemporary dream theories.
Classroom Ecology: Relations between Seating Location, Performance, and Attendance
Authors: Marshall P. Douglas , Losonczy-Marshall Marta
Published: November 2010

Data from 70 classes and 1,829 students over a period of 15 years were analyzed. Grade and attendance differences were analyzed for five different seating configurations: by row, by column, the front of the room versus the back of the room, the center of the room versus the perimeter of the room, and the middle of the room versus the sides of the room. Results utilizing numeric percentage grades and attendance percentages indicated students sitting in the more central parts of the class had higher percentage grades and attended classes more frequently than those students sitting in the less central parts of the class. Women attended class more frequently than men, yet there were no sex differences on grades.
Brain Parasites and Suicide
Authors: Lester David
Published: November 2010

In a sample of 20 European nations, the prevalence of the brain parasite Toxoplasma gondii was positively associated with national suicide rates for men and women.
Suicides from the Golden Gate Bridge: Have They Changed over Time?
Authors: Yeh Cynthia , Lester David
Published: November 2010

224 suicides from the Golden Gate Bridge in 1999–2009 were younger than other suicides handled by the Marin County Coroner but did not differ by sex or race. Those witnessed did not differ from those not witnessed. Compared to suicides from the bridge in the 1970s, recent suicides were older, more often male, and more often nonwhite.
Organ Donation and Suicide
Authors: Lester David , Hathaway Domenique
Published: November 2010

For the period 1994-2005 in the USA, suicides were less likely to be organ donors than were victims of homicide and motor vehicle accidents.
Differences in Attributions of Mental Illness and Social Distance for Portrayals of Four Mental Disorders
Authors: Kasow Zachary M. , Weisskirch Robert S.
Published: November 2010

For individuals with mental illness, others' perceptions of mental illness often limit integration into communities. Perceptions of mental illness manifest as social stigma in the form of social distance and may depend on individuals' attributions of the origins of mental illness. 180 university students completed a survey on attribution of mental illness and social distance across several disorders (psychiatric and physical). Participants indicated greater social distance for severe mental illness (i.e., schizophrenia) than less severe mental illness and physical illness. More desire for social distance may be related to unfamiliarity with severe mental illness rather than less severe mental and physical illnesses. Greater understanding of how individuals perceive mental illness can inform efforts to educate the public.
An Exploratory Study of Students' Use of Cell Phones, Texting, and Social Networking Sites
Authors: Angster Alexa , Frank Michael , Lester David
Published: November 2010

In a sample of 128 undergraduate students, a higher frequency of texting to others was associated with finding the relationships with those others less fulfilling. Similarly, having more social network “friends” was associated with finding the relationships with those individuals less fulfilling.
Similarities between Prescott Lecky's Theory of Self-Consistency and Carl Rogers' Self-Theory
Authors: Merenda Peter F.
Published: November 2010

The teachings of Prescott Lecky on the self-concept at Columbia University in the 1920s and 1930s and the posthumous publications of his book on self-consistency beginning in 1945 are compared with the many publications of Carl Rogers on the self-concept beginning in the early 1940s. Given that Rogers was a graduate student at Columbia in the 1920s and 1930s, the striking similarities between these two theorists, as well as claims attributed to Rogers by Rogers' biographers and writers who have quoted Rogers on his works relating to self-theory, strongly suggest that Rogers borrowed from Lecky without giving him the proper credit. Much of Rogers' writings on the self-concept included not only terms and concepts which were original with Lecky, but at times these were actually identical.
Hip Joint Capsule Disruption in a Young Female Gymnast
Authors: Greenberg Elliot , Wells Lawrence
Published: November 2010

The patient was an 11-year-old competitive gymnast with a 6-month history of left anteromedial hip pain and an internal snapping sensation, after experiencing pain and a deep “pop” in her hip after performing a hip hyperabduction maneuver. Hip radiographs taken at the time of the injury were normal. Despite activity modification, the patient's symptoms persisted. The patient was then referred to an orthopaedic surgeon who ordered magnetic resonance imaging of the patient's left hip, which was interpreted as normal. The orthopaedic surgeon recommended conservative management by a physical therapist. Following 2 months of treatment by the physical therapist, strength testing of the left hip was normal; however, hip range-of-motion findings were unchanged, and the patient was not able to return to gymnastics secondary to persistent pain, prompting referral to the orthopaedic surgeon. A magnetic resonance arthrogram was obtained, which revealed a possible capsular perforation or partial detachment of the distal posterior insertion of the joint capsule of the left hip. Based upon the physical examination findings and results from magnetic resonance imaging, the orthopaedic surgeon recommended strict avoidance from gymnastics, as well as any lower extremity stretching or impact activities for 6 months.

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(11):761. doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.0418
Spinal Schwannoma in a Young Adult
Authors: Desai Mehul J. , Padmanabhan Girish
Published: November 2010

The patient was a 19-year-old male, who was referred to a university spine center for joint evaluation by a physician and a physical therapist, for a chief complaint of persistent low back pain and right quadriceps tightness that were worse at night. The patient began experiencing his symptoms 5 months earlier while rock climbing. Prior to this evaluation, radiographs of the lumbar spine had been completed and were interpreted as normal. Additionally, treatment by a physical therapist did not result in improvement and the patient was not able to return to his preinjury activity level. Despite the lack of physical examination findings, magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine was ordered. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 4-cm mass in the distal thoracic spinal canal. The findings were consistent with a schwannoma, a nerve sheath tumor that is typically benign. However, given the large size of this schwannoma and the potential for neurologic compromise, surgical resection was recommended. Following surgical intervention, the patient was treated by a physical therapist and is currently asymptomatic after returning to his preinjury activities.

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(11):762. doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.0419
Electromyographic Analysis of Transversus Abdominis and Lumbar Multifidus Using Wire Electrodes During Lumbar Stabilization Exercises
Authors: Okubo Yu , Kaneoka Koji , Imai Atsushi , Shiina Itsuo , Tatsumura Masaki , Izumi Shigeki , Miyakawa Shumpei
Published: November 2010

Study Design

Experimental laboratory study.

Objectives

To measure trunk muscle activity using wire electrodes during lumbar stabilization exercises and to examine if more effective exercises to activate the deep trunk muscles (local muscles) exist.

Background

Lumbar stabilization exercises are performed to improve motor control of trunk muscles. However, the magnitude of activation of local muscles during lumbar stabilization exercises is not clear.

Methods

Nine healthy men with no history of lumbar spine disorders participated in the study. Fine-wire electrodes were inserted into the transversus abdominis (TrA) and lumbar multifidus, bilaterally. In addition, surface electrodes were attached to the rectus abdominis, external obliques, and erector spinae, bilaterally. Electromyographic signal amplitude was measured during the following exercises: elbow-toe, hand-knee, back bridge, side bridge, and curl-up. Two-way analyses of variance were used to compare muscle activity level among exercises and between sides for each muscle.

Results

The exercise showing the greatest activity level for the TrA was elbow-toe exercise with contralateral arm and leg lift. In addition, for the TrA, a significant side-to-side difference in activation level was demonstrated for 7 of the 11 exercises that were performed. The activity level of the multifidus was greatest during the back bridge exercises. The curl-up exercise generated the highest activity level for the rectus abdominis and the back bridge, with single-leg lift exercises generating the highest erector spinae activity.

Conclusions

The exercises investigated in this study resulted in a wide range of effort level for all 5 muscles monitored. Many of the exercises also resulted in an asymmetrical (right versus left side) activation level for a muscle, including the TrA. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(11):743–750. doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.3192
Lumbar disc rehydration postimplantation of a posterior dynamic stabilization system
Authors: Cho Bo Young , Murovic Judith , Park Kyung Woo , Park Jon
Published: November 2010

Biological attempts at disc regeneration are promising; however, disc degeneration is closely related to other predisposing factors such as alteration of disc height, intradiscal pressure, load distribution, and motion. The restoration of the physiological status of the affected spinal segment is thus necessary prior to attempts at disc regeneration. Dynamic stabilization systems now offer the potential of a mechanical approach to intervertebral disc regeneration.

The authors used decompression and placement of the BioFlex dynamic stabilization device to treat a young male patient with disc degeneration. This patient underwent follow-up, and he was found to gradually improve both neurologically and radiographically. On MR imaging performed 1 year postoperatively, he had an increase in disc height and disc rehydration. This case and the concept of disc rehydration are presented in this paper.