bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is minimally invasive surgery of lesions in the right superior segments of the liver justified? A multi‐institutional study of 245 patients
Authors: Gholami Sepideh , Judge Sean J. , Lee Ser‐Yee , Mashayekhi Kiarash , Goh Brian K. P. , Chan Chung‐Yip , Nuño Miriam A. , Gönen Mithat , Balachandran Vinod P. , Allen Peter J. , Drebin Jeffrey A. , Jarnagin William R. , D' Angelica Michael I. , Kingham Thomas Peter
Published: August 2020

Background

Controversy exists regarding the safety and feasibility of minimally invasive resection for lesions in segments 7 or 8. We compare outcomes of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and Open parenchymal sparing liver resections at two high‐volume centers.

Methods

From 2003 to 2016 we identified patients who underwent MIS or Open resections for lesions in segments 7 or 8 at two institutions (MSKCC and SGH). Outcomes were compared using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

Two‐hundred and forty‐five patients underwent resection of lesions in segments 7 or 8 (MIS 30% and Open 70%). Compared to the Open group, the MIS group had longer operative time (223 ± 88 vs 188 ± 72 minutes, P = .003), lower blood loss (297 ± 287 vs 448 ± 670 mL, P = .03), and shorter mean length of stay (5.2 ± 7.4 vs 8.3 ± 11.7 days, P < .001), which remained significant on multivariate analysis. No differences in Pringle time, rate of postoperative complications, or R0 resections were detected.

Conclusions

With appropriately selected patients treated by experienced MIS hepatopancreatobiliary surgeons, MIS resection of segments 7 or 8 is safe with similar rates of complications and R0 resections, with significantly less blood loss and shorter length of stay.
Reliability of Sonography‐based Volume Computer Aided Diagnosis in the Normal Fetal Heart
Authors: Hu Wan Yu , Yu Yan Cheng , Dai Li Ya , Li Shi Yan , Zhao Bo Wen
Published: August 2020

Objectives

To explore the inter‐ and intra‐observer reliability of Sonography‐based Volume Computer Aided Diagnosis (SonoVCAD) in the display of 8 diagnostic planes of fetal echocardiography and to evaluate its efficiency.

Methods

Three‐dimensional volume data sets of the 56 normal singleton fetuses were acquired from a 4‐chamber view by using a volume probe. After processing the data sets by using SonoVCAD, 8 cardiac diagnostic planes were displayed automatically. Three doctors with different experiences of performing fetal echocardiography evaluated each diagnostic plane and the success rates of 8 diagnostic planes were calculated. Inter‐observer and intra‐observer reliabilities were estimated by Cohen's kappa statistics.

Results

A total of 276 volume data sets acquired from the 56 normal fetuses were used for SonoVCAD analysis and display. The success rate of each diagnostic section was more than 90%, ranging from 90.6% to 99.6%. Among 276 volumes, 81.5% (225/276) of volumes were able to generate all 8 diagnostic views successfully. Moderate to substantial agreement (kappa, 0.509–0.794) was found between 2 less experienced operators. Moderate to near‐perfect agreement (kappa, 0.439–0.933) was found between an expert and 2 less experienced sonographers. Intra‐observer reliability was substantial to near‐perfect (kappa, 0.602–0.903). The efficiency of SonoVCAD was assessed. The expert spent less time than 2 less experienced examiners (P < 0.001) but no significant difference was found between 2 less experienced examiners (P = 0.176). Besides, SonoVCAD consumed significantly less time than 2‐dimensional ultrasound (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

SonoVCAD can significantly improve the success rates of 8 diagnostic planes in fetal echocardiography with low operator dependency, good reproducibility and high efficiency.
Current Management of Large Vestibular Schwannomas for NF2 Patients in a National Reference Center
Authors: Comes Pierre‐Cyril , Peyre Matthieu , Sanson Marc , Sterkers Olivier , Bernardeschi Daniele , Kalamarides Michel
Published: August 2020

Objective

Recently, treatment decision making for large vestibular schwannomas (VS) in patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) has become increasingly challenging due to the availability of multiple therapeutic options including surgery, bevacizumab (an anti‐VEGF), radiosurgery, and observation; and it often remains an arbitrary decision based on local practices without firm recommendations. Our objective is to discuss the multimodal treatment options for Koos IV VS in a national reference center for NF2.

Study Design

Single‐institution retrospective cohort study.

Methods

All NF2 patients with Koos IV VS who visited our center, the National Reference Center for NF2 Rare Disease in Pitié‐Salpétrière Hospital of Paris, between January 2016 and December 2018 were included. Clinical charts, radiology, operative reports, and audiograms were reviewed.

Results

Among 54 NF2 patients with Koos IV VS (mean maximum extrameatal diameter: 34 mm; range:17–62 mm), 27 were operated on for 28 VS; 21 were treated with bevacizumab; and six were observed. In the surgical group, VS resections were gross total, near‐total, subtotal, or partial in 32%, 25%, 32%, and 11%, respectively; and a good (House‐Brackmann grades I–II) facial nerve function was achieved in 81.5% at 1 year. Hearing was preserved in 14%, 78%, and 66% of the surgical (n = 7), bevacizumab (n = 9), and observation (n = 3) patients, respectively.

Conclusion

All therapeutic options, including surgery and/or bevacizumab and occasionally observation, should be proposed to NF2 patients with large VS in the setting of dedicated centers. A decision‐making tree is proposed for Koos IV VS management based on tumor evolution, hearing and clinical status of the patient, and contralateral VS size.

Level of Evidence

4, case series study, historically controlled study Laryngoscope, 131:E98–E107, 2021
Can Ophthalmologic Examination Predict Abducens Nerve Recovery After Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery?
Authors: Whelan Rachel L. , McDowell Michael , Chou Courtney , Medsinge Anagha , Lee Jennifer , Gardner Paul A. , Snyderman Carl H. , Stefko S. Tonya , Wang Eric W.
Published: August 2020

Objectives

While abducens nerve palsy (ANP) is a known risk in the setting of some endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery (ESBS), frequency and prognosis of post‐operative palsy remain unknown. Our goals were to determine the frequency and prognosis of ANP after high‐risk ESBS, and identify factors associated with recovery.

Methods

Retrospective case series of all patients with pathology at highest risk for abducens nerve injury (pituitary adenoma, chordoma, meningioma, chondrosarcoma, cholesterol granuloma) generated a list of patients with abducens nerve palsy after ESBS performed from 2011–2016. A validated ophthalmologic clinical grading scale measuring lateral rectus duction from 0 to −5 (full motion to inability to reach midline) was measured at multiple time points to assess recovery of ANP.

Results

Of 655 patients who underwent ESBS with increased risk of abducens injury, 40 (6.1%) post‐operative palsies were identified and 39 patients with dedicated examination at multiple time points were included in subsequent analysis. Complete resolution was noted in 25 patients (64%) within 12 months. While 19 of 23 (83%) with a partial palsy had complete resolution, only six of 16 (38%) with a complete palsy resolved entirely (P = .005; Fisher's exact test). All six patients with delayed onset of palsy resolved (P = .070; Fisher's exact test). Meningioma and chordoma had higher rates of both temporary and permanent post‐operative ANP (P < .0001; Fisher's exact).

Conclusions

The frequency of post‐operative ANP following ESBS is low, even in high‐risk tumors. While only a minority of complete abducens nerve palsies recover, patients with partial or delayed palsy post‐operatively are likely to recover function without intervention.

Level of Evidence

IV Laryngoscope, 131:513–517, 2021
Predictors of Increased Surgical Drain Output following Type I Thyroplasty for Glottic Insufficiency
Authors: Lenze Nicholas R. , Ghodke Ameer , Shah Rupali N. , Buckmire Robert A.
Published: August 2020

Objective

To determine predictors of increased drain output following type I thyroplasty for glottic insufficiency.

Study Design

Retrospective chart review.

Methods

A retrospective review was conducted for patients who underwent type I thyroplasty for glottic insufficiency from 2014–2019. The primary outcome was 24‐hour drain output. Increased drain output was defined as >50th percentile for the sample. Univariate logistic regression models and linear regression models were used.

Results

There were 84 patients with a mean age of 58.9 (SD 16.9) years. Twenty‐four–hour drain output ranged from 0 to 29 mL with a mean of 9.47 (SD 6.49) mL. Patients with a history of tobacco use (OR 3.33; 95% CI, 1.24–8.95; P = .017) and prior neck surgery (OR 3.52; 95% CI, 1.26 to 9.83; P = .016) were significantly more likely to have increased drain output following surgery; these patients had a mean increase in 24‐hour drain output of 3.51 mL (95% CI, 0.52 to 6.51; P = .022) and 1.74 mL (95% CI, –1.41 to 4.89; P = .274), respectively. Type of implant (Gore‐Tex vs. Silastic; P = .425) and operative technique (unilateral vs. bilateral; P = .506) were not significantly associated with drain output.

Conclusion

History of tobacco use and prior surgery of the neck predict increased drain output following type I thyroplasty surgery. These patients may derive the most benefit from surgical drain placement. More research is needed to confirm these findings and elucidate potential mechanisms.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 131:1557–1560, 2021
Influence of soil evolution on the heavy metal risk in three kinds of intertidal zone of the Pearl River Estuary
Authors: Liao Jianbo , Deng Sheng , Liu Xinhui , Lin Hui , Yu Chenghao , Wei Chaohai
Published: August 2020

Human activities and the increasing emphasis on coastal protection contribute to the diversity and evolution of intertidal soil. But, less is known about the influence of soil evolution on the heavy metal risk in intertidal zones. In this study, soil samples were collected from three kinds of intertidal zone in the Pearl River Estuary, including bare beach (BB), a spartina growing area (SGA), and a mangrove growing area (MGA), to reveal the influence of key factors on the heavy metal risk. The results showed that the highest concentrations of Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu, Ni, and Cr mainly existed in the surface layer of SGA and MGA and decreased with depth, reaching 3.57, 365.26, 91.24 95.12, 58.47, and 111.35 mg kg−1, respectively. Residual fractions were the main geochemical fractions and increased with depth, while exchangeable fractions showed the opposite trend. Based on the geoaccumulation index, soils were moderately to extremely polluted by Cd and partially to moderately polluted by Zn, Cu, and Ni. Cd had high potential adverse effects (ranging from 25.29 to 45) in MGA according to the risk assessment code. Correlation and principal component analyses indicated that soil organic carbon (SOC), clay, pH, Fe, and Mg were the key factors that affected the heavy metal risk. Linear regression revealed that SOC and clay were positively correlated with the pollution level of heavy metals, while clay and Fe were positively correlated with the ecological risk. Consequently, the variation in properties due to intertidal soil evolution may modulate the risk of heavy metals.
The long‐term effects of underground mining on the growth of tree, shrub, and herb communities in arid and semiarid areas in China
Authors: Mi Jiaxin , Yang Yongjun , Hou Huping , Zhang Shaoliang , Raval Simit , Chen Zanxu , Hua Yifei
Published: August 2020

Underground mining (as opposed to open‐cast) often causes large‐scale subsidence, leading to various types of disturbances to surface vegetation. Adequate quantitative assessment of the long‐term effects of underground mining on the growth of different plant communities is important and still lacking. To address these issues, a vegetation growth contract model (VGCM) was proposed, and six indicators including the growth trend (GT), annual growth (AG), normalized spectrum entropy (Hsn), as well as the average value of annual‐average normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI; ANDVIave), annual‐maximum NDVI (ANDVImax), and annual‐minimum NDVI (ANDVImin) were selected. The long‐term effects of underground mining (EM) on the herb, shrub, and tree communities in the Nanjiao mining area, China, from 1987 to 2017 were evaluated. The results show that the plant communities, which maintained the same type in the areas influenced and not influenced by mining, accounting for 48.07% and 46% of the total area, respectively. As for these plant communities, underground mining had a significant negative effect on the AG, ANDVIave, and ANDVImax of both the herb and tree communities, while it had a positive effect on the GT and Hsn of the shrub community. Overall, underground mining had a negative effect on these three types of plant communities, and the EMs of the herb, tree, and shrub communities were −15.10, −6.79, and −4.03%, respectively. This research could provide a reference for evaluating the long‐term effects of mining activities on vegetation, and also give more insights into the effects of underground mining on different plant communities.
Recovery from multi‐millennial natural coastal hypoxia in the Stockholm Archipelago, Baltic Sea, terminated by modern human activity
Authors: van Helmond Niels A. G. M. , Lougheed Bryan C. , Vollebregt Annika , Peterse Francien , Fontorbe Guillaume , Conley Daniel J. , Slomp Caroline P.
Published: August 2020

Enhanced nutrient input and warming have led to the development of low oxygen (hypoxia) in coastal waters globally. For many coastal areas, insight into redox conditions prior to human impact is lacking. Here, we reconstructed bottom water redox conditions and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) for the coastal Stockholm Archipelago over the past 3000 yr. Elevated sedimentary concentrations of molybdenum indicate (seasonal) hypoxia between 1000 b.c.e. and 1500 c.e. Biomarker‐based (TEX86) SST reconstructions indicate that the recovery from hypoxia after 1500 c.e. coincided with a period of significant cooling (∼ 2°C), while human activity in the study area, deduced from trends in sedimentary lead and existing paleobotanical and archeological records, had significantly increased. A strong increase in sedimentary lead and zinc, related to more intense human activity in the 18th and 19th century, and the onset of modern warming precede the return of hypoxia in the Stockholm Archipelago. We conclude that climatic cooling played an important role in the recovery from natural hypoxia after 1500 c.e., but that eutrophication and warming, related to modern human activity, led to the return of hypoxia in the 20th century. Our findings imply that ongoing global warming may exacerbate hypoxia in the coastal zone of the Baltic Sea.
No evidence for hybridization between Calanus finmarchicus and Calanus glacialis in a subarctic area of sympatry
Authors: Choquet Marvin , Burckard Gauthier , Skreslet Stig , Hoarau Galice , Søreide Janne E.
Published: August 2020

In the North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean, four species of the copepod genus Calanus dominate the zooplankton biomass. Because of their morphological resemblance, knowledge of their respective distribution range has long been biased by misidentification, until the recent use of molecular tools uncovered numerous areas of sympatry. As hybridization between Calanus finmarchicus and Calanus glacialis has been claimed in the East‐Canadian Arctic based on microsatellites, we investigated further the potential for interbreeding in newly uncovered areas of sympatry. Calanus species and stage composition were analyzed during winter in two Norwegian subarctic fjords, using molecular markers developed specifically for species identification and hybrid detection between C. finmarchicus and C. glacialis. Overall, C. glacialis were the most abundant throughout the winter, followed by C. finmarchicus and Calanus hyperboreus with only a few records of Calanus helgolandicus. The presence of C. glacialis, C. hyperboreus, and C. finmarchicus' nauplii was recorded, indicating that these species reproduce locally. In January and February, the simultaneous occurrence of males and females of both C. finmarchicus and C. glacialis suggested a potential for interspecies mating. However, genetic admixture tests performed on all 1126 individuals revealed no signal of hybridization, implying a strong reproductive isolation mechanism. We conclude that no evidence supports a potential for hybridization between C. finmarchicus and C. glacialis.
Connecting community‐delivered evidence‐based programs and the healthcare system: Piloting a learning “wellcare” system
Authors: Redmond Sarah , Leppin Aaron L. , Fischer Karen , Hanson Gregory , Doubeni Chyke , Takahashi Paul
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Many evidence‐based programs (EBPs) have been determined in randomized controlled trials to be effective, but few studies explore the real‐world effectiveness of EBPs implemented in the natural community setting. Our study evaluated whether a novel linked infrastructure would enable such insights and continuous improvement as part of a learning healthcare‐community bridged “wellcare” ecosystem.

Methods

We created a secure, web‐based data entry and storage platform with a network of Minnesota community‐based organizations to record EBP participants' demographics and attendance, and program details. We then linked participant's information to their Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP) medical records. With this infrastructure, we conducted a proof of concept, retrospective cohort study by matching EBP participants to REP controls and comparing medical record‐documented outcomes over 1 year follow‐up.

Results

We successfully linked EBP participant records with medical records in 77.6% of cases, and the infrastructure proved feasible and scalable. Still, key challenges remain in obtaining participant consent for data sharing. Upfront resource investments and the availability of REP‐like warehouses limit generalizability. Optimal learning will be improved by enhancements that better track program fidelity. Our pilot study established a proof‐of‐concept, but sample sizes (n = 99 for falls prevention and n = 97 chronic disease/pain management EBP completers) were too small to detect significant differences in hospital admittance as compared to matched controls for either EBP group, (OR = 0.66[0.36, 1.19]) and (OR = 0.81[0.43, 1.54]), respectively. Events were too rare to gather meaningful information about effects on fall rates.

Conclusions

Our pilot demonstrates the feasibility of developing an online infrastructure that connects information from community leaders with medical record documented health outcomes, bridging the knowledge gap between community programs and the health care system. Insights gleaned from our infrastructure can be used to continuously shape community program delivery to reduce the need for formal health care services.
Processing and Properties of Melt Processable UHMW‐PE Based Fibers Using Low Molecular Weight Linear Polyethylene's
Authors: Houben Simon J. A. , Verpaalen Rob C. P. , Engels Tom A. P.
Published: August 2020

The rheology, solid state drawability, morphology, and mechanical properties of polyethylene blends containing ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW‐PE) and linear‐low molecular weight polyethylene waxes (PEwax) are explored. Addition of PEwax enables melt processing of UHMW‐PE and improves solid state drawability, providing opportunities in recycling of UHMW‐PE waste. Small angle X‐ray scattering results show that both PEwax and UHMW‐PE align fully in the drawing direction, irrespective whether the PEwax has an Mn below or above the critical molecular weight at which entanglements can form (Mc). Tensile moduli of drawn specimen are in accordance to the Irvine–Smith model confirming that both UHMW‐PE and PEwax align in the drawing direction and no chain slip occurs toward zero strain and both UHMW‐PE and PEwax fractions, irrespective of their molecular weight, contribute fully to the modulus. Tensile strength of the blends scales according to the rule of mixtures where PEwax below Mc scale toward zero and those above Mc do contribute to the tensile strength. Modulus hence can be regarded as insensitive to the molecular weight of the PEwax used, whereas strength does show to be sensitive to the molecular weight of the PEwax.
Experimental Investigation and Modeling of the Dynamic Resistance Response of Carbon Particle‐Filled Polymers
Authors: Mersch Johannes , Winger Hans , Nocke Andreas , Cherif Chokri , Gerlach Gerald
Published: August 2020

Carbon particle‐filled polymers are frequently used as stretchable conductors and strain sensors. Many of the proposed resistance‐based stretchable strain sensors show non‐monotonic strain response, especially under dynamic conditions. This is commonly attributed to the competing destruction and reformation of the conductive network, but the underlying mechanism is still unknown. Therefore, systematic cyclic tensile tests are performed with carbon black‐filled silicone yarns, which show that the non‐monotonic behavior found depends on strain rate, strain history, and maximum applied strain. Based on the experimental results, a novel model is developed that incorporates the visco‐elastic nature of the polymer and representations of the percolative networks in strain direction as well as the transversal direction. It is shown that the non‐monotonic behavior is a result of the combination of visco‐elasticity and transversal contraction of the percolative network. The model is an equivalent circuit model and its simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The model can be used to further understand the strain sensing behavior of conductive polymers and optimize sensor systems.
Robust Candy‐Floss‐Like Poly(l‐lactide) Fibrous Filters Driven by Sodium‐Dodecyl‐Benzene‐Sulfonate for High Efficient Dye/Oil Separation
Authors: Di Yunpeng , Xing Bin , Hu Wenfeng , Ke Qinfei , Zhao Yi
Published: August 2020

3D and robust Poly(l‐lactide) (PLLA) fibrous materials has been fabricated via electrospinning and evaporation welding for high‐efficiency dye adsorption and oil/water separation simultaneously. Herein, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) in spinning solution has been found to stimulate fibrous materials forming 3D candy‐floss‐like structure with high porosity and surface area. Also, SDBS doped on fibers surface facilitates dye adsorption and oil separation of the fibrous materials in effluent. Environmentally friendly SDBS‐driven 3D electrospun PLLA fibrous materials have high porosity (99.91%) and stable big pore size (7.39 µm), showing high adsorption capacity of 581.78 mg g−1 toward methylene blue (MB) and 14.67 times improved oil/water separation efficiency compared to traditional 2D PLLA fibrous materials. Moreover, the concept of SDBS stimulated 3D nanofibrous materials can be readily extended to other polymers, paving a new way to fabricate high‐efficient dye adsorption and oil/water separation 3D fibrous filters for industrial waste water remediation.
Binding Interaction Between Boronic Acid Derivatives with Monosaccharaides: Effect of Structural Change of Monosaccharaides Upon Binding Using S–V Plots
Authors: Bhavya P. , Melavanki Raveendra , Narayanappa C. K. , Kusanur Raviraj , U. Meghana , B. Suma
Published: August 2020

Sugar sensing and continuous monitoring of glucose (CGM) play an important and vital role in controlling diabetes. The present enzyme‐based sugar sensors have their own drawbacks. Problems associated with them have encouraged alternate approaches to design new sensors. Among many, fluorescent intensity change based sensors are drawing more attention. Fluorescence sensors based on boronic acid derivatives are more popular because of their ability to reversibly bind diol‐containing compounds. Here, the binding ability of two boronic acid derivatives, namely 2‐methylphenyl boronic acid (B1) and 3‐methoxyphenyl boronic acid (B2) with mono saccharides (sugars), is under investigation. The sugar concentration is kept nearly 1000 times more than that of boronic acid. The interactions of B1 and B2 with three saccharides (d‐sorbitol, dextrose, and fructose) are studied by absorbance and steady‐state fluorescence. Both B1 and B2 fluorescence is quenched by formation of esters with saccharides. The results of absorbance and fluorescence measurements indicate that the studied sugars can be ordered by their affinity to B1 as: d‐sorbitol > xylose > dextrose and for B2 as: dextrose > xylose > d‐sorbitol. In each case, slope of modified S–V plots is nearly one indicating only a single binding site in boronic acids for sugars.
Distributions of Molecular Weights and 3D Sizes of Hyperbranched Polymers Formed in Batch Self‐Condensing Vinyl Polymerization
Authors: Tobita Hidetaka
Published: August 2020

It is known that the step polymerization of AB2‐type monomer leads to form random hyperbranched architecture, irrespective of the reactivity of the second B group. On the other hand, the hyperbranched structure formed in the self‐condensing vinyl polymerization of AB* monomer is now shown to be nonrandom because of the persistent history‐dependent connection through the A* group. The molecular weight distribution deviates from that of the random branched polymers. On the other hand, the nonrandom effect on the 3D architecture is rather small, and the expected g‐ratio of the unperturbed mean‐square radius of gyration 〈s2〉0 of the branched molecule to that of a linear molecule for a given number k of branch points agrees well with the Zimm–Stockmayer equation that assumes random branching of primary chains having the most probable distribution.
Microbial interaction between the succinate‐utilizing bacterium Phascolarctobacterium faecium and the gut commensal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron
Authors: Ikeyama Nao , Murakami Takumi , Toyoda Atsushi , Mori Hiroshi , Iino Takao , Ohkuma Moriya , Sakamoto Mitsuo
Published: August 2020

A large variety of microbes are present in the human gut, some of which are considered to interact with each other. Most of these interactions involve bacterial metabolites. Phascolarctobacterium faecium hardly uses carbohydrates for growth and instead uses succinate as a substrate. This study investigated the growth behavior of the co‐culture of the succinate‐specific utilizer P. faecium and the succinogenic gut commensal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. Succinate production by B. thetaiotaomicron supported the growth of P. faecium and concomitant propionate production via the succinate pathway. The succinate produced was completely converted to propionate. This result was comparable with the monoculture of P. faecium in the medium supplemented with 1% (w/v) succinate. We analyzed the transcriptional response (RNA‐Seq) between the mono‐ and co‐culture of P. faecium and B. thetaiotaomicron. Comparison of the expression levels of genes of P. faecium between the mono‐ and co‐cultured conditions highlighted that the genes putatively involved in the transportation of succinate were notably expressed under the co‐cultured conditions. Differential expression analysis showed that the presence of P. faecium induced changes in the B. thetaiotaomicron transcriptional pattern, for example, expression changes in the genes for vitamin B12 transporters and reduced expression of glutamate‐dependent acid resistance system‐related genes. Also, transcriptome analysis of P. faecium suggested that glutamate and succinate might be used as sources of succinyl‐CoA, an intermediate in the succinate pathway. This study revealed some survival strategies of asaccharolytic bacteria, such as Phascolarctobacterium spp., in the human gut.
Efficacy of Istradefylline for the Treatment of ADCY5‐Related Disease
Authors: Miyamoto Ryosuke , Kawarai Toshitaka , Takeuchi Toshiaki , Izumi Yuishin , Goto Satoshi , Kaji Ryuji
Published: August 2020

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Rare and novel variants of PRKN and PINK1 genes in Vietnamese patients with early‐onset Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Ton Nguyen Dang , Thuan Nguyen Duc , Thuong Ma Thi Huyen , Ngoc Tran Thi Bich , Nhung Vu Phuong , Hoa Nguyen Thi Thanh , Nam Nguyen Hoai , Dung Hoang Thi , Son Nhu Dinh , Ba Nguyen Van , Bac Nguyen Duy , Tai Tran Ngoc , Dung Le Thi Kim , Hung Nguyen Trong , Duong Nguyen Thuy , Ha Nguyen Hai , Hai Nong Van
Published: August 2020

Background

Early‐onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD) refers to that of patients who have been diagnosed or had onset of motor symptoms before age 50, accounting for 4% of Parkinson's disease patients. The PRKN and PINK1 genes, both involved in a metabolic pathway, are associated with EOPD.

Methods

To identify variants associated with EOPD, coding region of PARKIN and PINK1 genes in 112 patients and 112 healthy individuals were sequenced. Multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification kit was used to determine EOPD patients that carried mutations in PRKN and PINK1 genes.

Results and Conclusion

Three rare and three novel mutations in total of 14 variants of PARKIN and PINK1 were detected in the EOPD cohorts. Mutations of PRKN and PINK1 genes were found in five (4.4%) patients, which were four patients with compound heterozygous variants in the PRKN and one case with a homozygous mutation of the PINK1 gene. The novel mutations might reduce the stability of the PRKN and PINK1 protein molecules. The frequency of homozygous mutant genotype p.A340T of the PINK1 in the EOPD cohort was higher than in control (p = 0.0001, OR = 5.704), suggesting this variant might be a risk factor for EOPD. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of PRKN and PINK1 genes conducted on Vietnamese EOPD patients. These results might contribute to the genetic screening of EOPD in Vietnam.
Numerical investigation of hydraulic‐thermal performance and entropy generation of compact heat sinks with SiO2‐water nanofluids
Authors: Fadhil Ahmed M. , Khalil Wissam H. , Al‐damook Amer , Ahmadi Mohammad Hossein , Ghalandari Mohammad , Yusaf Talal
Published: August 2020

The generated heat from photovoltaic (PV) cells, electronic device, transformer, internal combustion (IC) engine, and so forth can be mentioned as the most critical issues confronting modern industries. Leading to high temperature causes a problem in devices and sometimes cause damage. A mini‐heat sink is one of the common ways to cool and remove created heat from these engineering devices. This research used compact heat sinks, combined pins, and plate fins, with using SiO2‐water nanofluids for enhancing the hydro‐thermal performance and entropy generation of heat sinks. The computational investigation and simulation of compact heat sinks are performed by using ANSYS‐FLUENT 14.5. The compact heat sinks include three different pins cross‐section: circular (PCP), square (PSP), and elliptic (PEP) as well as flat finned heat sinks as a standard case. SiO2‐water nanofluids with the various nanoparticles volume fraction of 0% to 5% have been examined for Reynolds number range between 100 and 1,000. The main data display that the supreme Nusselt number is for PCP around 93% and 100% for 0% and 5% SiO2‐water, respectively compared with plate fins heat sink. The PCP and PSP have the lowest base temperature, around 25% for 0% and 5% nanofluids. Furthermore, atRe= 1,000, the highest hydro‐thermal performance is for PEP at 1.44 and 1.52 for pure water and SiO2‐water, respectively. While, the most magnificent hydro‐thermal performance is for PCP at 1.44 and 1.50 for pure water and SiO2‐water, respectively, asRe= 800. Moreover, the PCP and PSP have the smallest total entropy generation, approximately 42% for pure water and 5% SiO2‐water among other heat sinks. Thus, it is recommended to use this kind of heat sinks with nanofluids instead of traditional coolant of PV cells.
Compact MIMO antenna with high port isolation for triple‐band applications designed on a biomass material manufactured with coconut husk
Authors: Biswas Ashim Kumar , Swarnakar Partha Sarathi , Pattanayak Soumya Sundar , Chakraborty Ujjal
Published: August 2020

A compact two‐element multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna is proposed for triple‐band applications with very high port isolation. The structure is constructed in‐house with a flexible biomass material which is coconut husk. Two metallic “8”‐shaped antenna structures are employed manually on the substrate to serve as MIMO elements. Frequency bands of the antenna for (S11 ≤ −10 dB) are obtained from 2.04 to 2.51 GHz, 4.43 to 5.35 GHz, and 6.76 to 8.78 GHz. The antenna fulfills the wireless local area network (WLAN) (2.4‐2.485/5.15‐5.35 GHz), fixed‐mobile (4.45‐5.15 GHz), and International telecommunication union (ITU) (8‐8.5 GHz) application bands. A stub with three sub‐sections is integrated in the ground to improve the overall triple‐band port isolation characteristics. It is found that the minimum port isolation for entire application bands is greater than 20 dB. This low correlation between the elements is further confirmed by low value of envelope correlation coefficient (ECC < 0.14) and high value of diversity gain (DG > 9.98 dB). Channel capacity loss (CCL < 0.22 bit/s/Hz) and mean effective gain (MEG = ±0.19 dB) are also found within acceptable ranges. Characterization of the substrate material of the proposed MIMO antenna is rigorously investigated by analyzing its dielectric constant and loss tangent. Simulated and measured results ratify that the antenna is fit for triple‐band MIMO applications.
Compact dual‐band circularly polarized filtering patch antenna using dispersive delay line
Authors: Wang Wenwei , Chen Chunhong , Wang Shiyan , Wu Wen
Published: August 2020

A compact dual‐band circularly polarized (CP) filtering patch antenna is proposed by adopting the dispersive delay line (DDL) in this article. The in‐band and out‐of‐band phase differences of two orthogonal components are effectively controlled by the DDL to realize opposite polarization states. As perfect isolation is achieved between left‐hand circular polarization and the right‐hand one in CP antenna, by controlling the parameters of DDL, four radiation nulls are presented simultaneously, and their locations are directly determined by the phase difference, thus obtains good filtering performance with compact structure. For demonstration, dual‐band CP patch antenna is designed at 2.4 and 5.8 GHz for WLAN applications based on DDL. The simulated and measured results of fabricated prototypes show good agreement. Good out‐of‐band rejection is observed in this design, which verifies the feasibility of the proposed CP filtering strategy.
Performance of a noncoherent decoder for spectral amplitude‐coding electronic‐code division multiple access
Authors: Aguilar‐Torrentera Jorge , Galvan‐Tejada Giselle M. , Orozco‐Lugo Aldo G. , Darwazeh Izzat Z.
Published: August 2020

The performance of a noncoherent decoder based on a pair of distributed‐based transversal filters architecture is reported. Analysis based on experimental results validates the decoder as a proof‐of‐concept using microwave integrated circuits. Front‐end transversal filters are designed with large degree of freedom to generate and correlate temporal phase‐coded signals. Receiving functions are aligned with slots of spectrally encoded channels to make available spectral amplitude‐coding electronic‐code division multiple access. Noncoherent ultra‐wideband receiver concepts are applied to model the decoder synchronized to shot noise pulse trains. The despreading operation involves capturing sufficient amount of energy to demodulate matched and unmatched users. Electronic transversal filters implemented with a suitable number of taps allow bipolar detection of concurrent users whereas the noncoherent reception of energy of sub‐bands is fundamental to achieve orthogonality among channels, as we show in this article.
Two‐dimensional long‐period fiber grating sensor for touch applications
Authors: Barino Felipe O. , Ébias Guilherme , Bittencourt Júlia , Discini Daniel , dos Santos Alexandre Bessa
Published: August 2020

In this study we present a two‐dimensional force sensor based on a single long‐period fiber grating (LPG) to be applied to robotic manipulators grasping control. The measuring force is applied to the fiber transverse section and this lateral compression induces birefringence on the fiber, which splits the LPG resonant dip into two. We track these dips using polarized controlled light and process the LPG spectra using artificial neural networks to determine the force intensity and direction. Finally, our single sensor proposal for 2D forces measurement can estimate an applied force with 0.2148 N and 5.977 deg. error.
Simultaneous QSM and metabolic imaging of the brain using SPICE: Further improvements in data acquisition and processing
Authors: Guo Rong , Zhao Yibo , Li Yudu , Wang Tianyao , Li Yao , Sutton Brad , Liang Zhi‐Pei
Published: August 2020

Purpose

To achieve high‐resolution mapping of brain tissue susceptibility in simultaneous QSM and metabolic imaging.

Methods

Simultaneous QSM and metabolic imaging was first achieved using SPICE (spectroscopic imaging by exploiting spatiospectral correlation), but the QSM maps thus obtained were at relatively low‐resolution (2.0 × 3.0 × 3.0 mm3). We overcome this limitation using an improved SPICE data acquisition method with the following novel features: 1) sampling (k, t)‐space in dual densities, 2) sampling central k‐space fully to achieve nominal spatial resolution of 3.0 × 3.0 × 3.0 mm3 for metabolic imaging, and 3) sampling outer k‐space sparsely to achieve spatial resolution of 1.0 × 1.0 × 1.9 mm3 for QSM. To keep the scan time short, we acquired spatiospectral encodings in echo‐planar spectroscopic imaging trajectories in central k‐space but in CAIPIRINHA (controlled aliasing in parallel imaging results in higher acceleration) trajectories in outer k‐space using blipped phase encodings. For data processing and image reconstruction, a union‐of‐subspaces model was used, effectively incorporating sensitivity encoding, spatial priors, and spectral priors of individual molecules.

Results

In vivo experiments were carried out to evaluate the feasibility and potential of the proposed method. In a 6‐min scan, QSM maps at 1.0 × 1.0 × 1.9 mm3 resolution and metabolic maps at 3.0 × 3.0 × 3.0 mm3 nominal resolution were obtained simultaneously. Compared with the original method, the QSM maps obtained using the new method reveal fine‐scale brain structures more clearly.

Conclusion

We demonstrated the feasibility of achieving high‐resolution QSM simultaneously with metabolic imaging using a modified SPICE acquisition method. The improved capability of SPICE may further enhance its practical utility in brain mapping.
Growth Dynamics of Invasive Blue Catfish in Four Subestuaries of the Chesapeake Bay, USA
Authors: Hilling Corbin D. , Jiao Yan , Bunch Aaron J. , Greenlee Robert S. , Schmitt Joseph D. , Orth Donald J.
Published: August 2020

Biological invasions occur as a multistage process, and life history traits can change during the invasion process. Blue Catfish Ictalurus furcatus were introduced in three Virginia tidal tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay during the 1970s and 1980s but have expanded their range to almost all large tributaries of the bay. An understanding of the species’ growth is important for evaluating impacts on other resident species and population dynamics. Virginia Blue Catfish exhibited wide variability in individual growth, prompting the testing of six alternative hypotheses (similar growth across space and time as well as variable growth by river system, sampling year, cohort, and both river system and time) on its growth dynamics within four Virginia tidal rivers (James, Mattaponi, Pamunkey, and Rappahannock rivers) over the period 2002–2016. Blue Catfish growth in Virginia was best explained by a model considering cohort and river as random effects. The Rappahannock River was the first in Virginia to receive Blue Catfish; growth was slower in this river than in the other systems during the observation period. Growth rates declined for all ages examined in the James, Mattaponi, and Pamunkey rivers but only for ages 7, 10, and 13 in the Rappahannock River. We did not generally observe synchronous growth responses among rivers, supporting that finer-scale factors may be influencing growth rates. This work suggests that the growth rates of nonnative species may decline over time and that comparisons of nonnative growth may be most useful when variability over space and time is considered.
Embedded discontinuity approach for coupled hydromechanical analysis of fractured porous media
Authors: Jameei A. A. , Pietruszczak S.
Published: August 2020

In this paper, a new continuum approach for the coupled hydromechanical analysis of fractured porous media is proposed. The methodology for describing the hydraulic characteristics invokes an enriched form of Darcy's law formulated in the presence of an embedded discontinuity. The constitutive relations governing the hydromechanical response are derived by averaging the fluid pressure gradient and the discontinuous displacement fields over a selected referential volume of the material, subject to some physical constraints. The framework incorporates an internal length scale which is explicitly embedded in the definition of gradient operators. The respective field equations are derived following the general form of balance equations in interacting continua. The conventional finite element method is then employed for the spatial discretization, and the generalized Newmark scheme is used for the temporal discretization. The proposed methodology is verified by some numerical examples dealing with a steady‐state flow through fractured media as well as a time‐dependent consolidation in the presence of a discontinuity.
Mechanical‐probabilistic formulation of the soil–structure interaction, accounting for the average shear wave velocity
Authors: Attal Riadh , Grange Stéphane , Baroth Julien , Dahmani Abdelnasser
Published: August 2020

This work proposes a mechanical‐probabilistic formulation of the soil–structure interaction, taking into account the variability of the mean velocity of shear wave seismic load. This work aims at studying the sensitivity of the seismic response of a reinforced concrete frame structure by accounting for different seismic scenarios. For this purpose, the simplified model of a two‐story structure system has been developed. This model is based both on a macro‐element approach and on a stochastic collocation method. The sensitivity of the maximum displacement of the structure under different average shear wave velocities is studied. This aim in view, Gaussian or lognormal random variables are arbitrarily chosen to model this velocity. Analysis of the seismic vulnerability of the soil–structure system leads to cumulative distribution functions, which sometimes show significant differences for the same soil class in the sense of the European standard for the design of structures for earthquake resistance.
Associations between nighttime and daytime maximum voided volumes: Relevance for nocturia?
Authors: Monaghan Thomas F. , Bliwise Donald L. , Dmochowski Roger R. , Lazar Jason M. , Birder Lori A. , Everaert Karel , Weiss Jeffrey P.
Published: August 2020

Aim

The relationship between maximum voided volumes (MVV) during the night and day is poorly understood. Such measurements are important because they are often used to indicate functional bladder capacity (FBC), a relevant parameter for nocturia. This study examined the association of such nighttime and daytime measurements in men with nocturia.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 356 24‐hour voiding diaries showing ≥2 nocturnal voids from 220 men at an outpatient urology clinic. We defined small FBC as MVV ≤ 200 mL.

Results

A total of 131 entries demonstrated a nocturnal MVV ≤ 200 mL, of which a majority (98 [74.8%]) also showed a 24‐hour MVV ≤ 200 mL (ie, global small FBC), and 33 (25.2%) exceeded the 200 mL threshold during the day (ie, nocturnal‐specific small FBC). Correspondingly, among voiding diaries without global small FBC (n = 258), most (225/258 [87.2%]) showed a nocturnal MVV > 200 mL. Data were similar when analyzing only the first complete voiding diary per case, when limiting analyses to those without benign prostatic obstruction, and when limiting analyses to cases with nocturnal polyuria.

Conclusion

Nocturia may be attributable to nocturnal‐specific small FBC or global small FBC. Although the etiology of nocturnal‐specific small FBC remains unclear, it was present in a significant minority of patients with small FBC, thus necessitating more directed research. Conversely, diminished nocturnal MVV was nevertheless relatively uncommon in the absence of global small FBC, such that nocturnal‐only voiding diaries may provide a rational alternative for follow‐up evaluation in patients with nocturia due to global small bladder capacity.
Terminology and concepts for the characterization of in vivo MR spectroscopy methods and MR spectra: Background and experts' consensus recommendations
Authors: Kreis Roland , Boer Vincent , Choi In‐Young , Cudalbu Cristina , de Graaf Robin A. , Gasparovic Charles , Heerschap Arend , Krššák Martin , Lanz Bernard , Maudsley Andrew A. , Meyerspeer Martin , Near Jamie , Öz Gülin , Posse Stefan , Slotboom Johannes , Terpstra Melissa , Tkáč Ivan , Wilson Martin , Bogner Wolfgang
Published: August 2020

With a 40‐year history of use for in vivo studies, the terminology used to describe the methodology and results of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has grown substantially and is not consistent in many aspects. Given the platform offered by this special issue on advanced MRS methodology, the authors decided to describe many of the implicated terms, to pinpoint differences in their meanings and to suggest specific uses or definitions. This work covers terms used to describe all aspects of MRS, starting from the description of the MR signal and its theoretical basis to acquisition methods, processing and to quantification procedures, as well as terms involved in describing results, for example, those used with regard to aspects of quality, reproducibility or indications of error. The descriptions of the meanings of such terms emerge from the descriptions of the basic concepts involved in MRS methods and examinations. This paper also includes specific suggestions for future use of terms where multiple conventions have emerged or coexisted in the past.
New analysis and application of fractional order Schrödinger equation using with Atangana–Batogna numerical scheme
Authors: Akçetin Eyüp , Koca Ilknur , Kiliç Muhammet Burak
Published: August 2020

In this work, an analytical approximation to the solution of Schrodinger equation has been provided. The fractional derivative used in this equation is the Caputo derivative. The existence and uniqueness conditions of solutions for the proposed model are derived based on the power law. While solving the fractional order Schrodinger equation, Atangana–Batogna numerical method is presented for fractional order equation. We obtain an efficient recurrence relation for solving these kinds of equations. To illustrate the usefulness of the numerical scheme, the numerical simulations are presented. The results show that the numerical scheme is very effective and simple.
A study over the general formula of regression sum of squares in multiple linear regression
Authors: Korkmaz Mehmet
Published: August 2020

In this study, in addition to the formula of regression sum of squares (SSR) in linear regression, a general formula of SSR in multiple linear regression is given. The derivations of the formula presented are given step by step. This new formula is proposed for estimation of the SSR in multiple linear regression. By using this formula, the researcher can find easily SSR and so the researcher can compose easily the table of variance analysis to interpret the regression made.