bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dogs’ reaction to inequity is affected by inhibitory control
Authors: Brucks Désirée , Range Friederike , Marshall-Pescini Sarah
Published: November 2017

Inequity aversion is thought to act as a mechanism to ensure cooperation and has been studied in many different species, consistently revealing inter-individual variation. Inhibitory control has been proposed to act as one factor responsible for this variation since individuals need to inhibit performing the required action and/or refuse rewards in order to exhibit inequity aversion. Here, we investigated if dogs’ sensitivity to inequity is affected by their capacity for inhibitory control, assessed in a test battery and questionnaire. Overall, dogs showing high compulsivity scores (i.e. repetitive behaviours independent of feedback) were more motivated to participate in the inequity task independent of the rewarding scheme. Dogs were more sensitive to inequity and individual contrast if they exhibited a slower decision speed in the inhibition tasks. Furthermore, less persistent and more impulsive dogs were more sensitive to reward inequity, potentially due to having a lower tolerance level for frustration. Results indicate that aspects of inhibitory control can explain the variation in dogs’ inequity response, highlighting one of the mechanisms underlying responses to inequity. Emphasising the importance to design paradigms, which allow us to disentangle capacities to recognise inequity from the inability to react to it due to poor inhibitory control abilities.
Design rules for the preparation of low-cost hole transporting materials for perovskite solar cells with moisture barrier properties
Authors: Petrus Michiel L. , Music Arif , Closs Anna C. , Bijleveld Johan C. , Sirtl Maximilian T. , Hu Yinghong , Dingemans Theo J. , Bein Thomas , Docampo Pablo
Published: November 2017

A series of azomethine-based HTMs is synthesized using simple condensation chemistry. Their photovoltaic performance and moisture barrier properties are presented.
Low-temperature colloidal synthesis of CuBiS2 nanocrystals for optoelectronic devices
Authors: Wang Jian-Jun , Akgul Mehmet Zafer , Bi Yu , Christodoulou Sotirios , Konstantatos Gerasimos
Published: November 2017

A new facile colloidal synthesis of CuBiS2 nanocrystals has been developed and the prototype solar cell has presented a decent performance.
Enhancing moisture-tolerance and photovoltaic performances of FAPbI3 by bismuth incorporation
Authors: Hu Yanqiang , Qiu Ting , Bai Fan , Miao Xiaoliang , Zhang Shufang
Published: November 2017

The partial substitution of B-site Pb2+ by Bi3+ in FAPbI3 perovskites greatly improved the moisture stability and photovoltaic performance.
Suppressed intrinsic excitation and enhanced thermoelectric performance in AgxBi0.5Sb1.5−xTe3
Authors: Xing Tong , Liu Ruiheng , Hao Feng , Qiu Pengfei , Ren Dudi , Shi Xun , Chen Lidong
Published: November 2017

A maximum ZT of 1.25 at 400 K and an average ZT value of approximately 1.03 between 300 and 600 K were achieved in Ag0.002Bi0.5Sb1.498Te3 by successfully suppressing the intrinsic excitation.
Steroidogenic abnormalities in translocator protein knockout mice and significance in the aging male
Authors: Barron Anna M. , Ji Bin , Kito Seiji , Suhara Tetsuya , Higuchi Makoto
Published: November 2017

The translocator protein (TSPO) has been proposed to act as a key component in a complex important for mitochondrial cholesterol importation, which is the rate-limiting step in steroid hormone synthesis. However, TSPO function in steroidogenesis has recently been challenged by the development of TSPO knockout (TSPO-KO) mice, as they exhibit normal baseline gonadal testosterone and adrenal corticosteroid production. Here, we demonstrate that despite normal androgen levels in young male TSPO-KO mice, TSPO deficiency alters steroidogenic flux and results in reduced total steroidogenic output. Specific reductions in the levels of progesterone and corticosterone as well as age-dependent androgen deficiency were observed in both young and aged male TSPO-KO mice. Collectively, these findings indicate that while TSPO is not critical for achieving baseline testicular and adrenal steroidogenesis, either indirect effects of TSPO on steroidogenic processes, or compensatory mechanisms and functional redundancy, lead to subtle steroidogenic abnormalities which become exacerbated with aging.
First biochemical and crystallographic characterization of a fast-performing ferritin from a marine invertebrate
Authors: De Meulenaere Evelien , Bailey Jake Brian , Tezcan Faik Akif , Deheyn Dimitri Dominique
Published: November 2017

Ferritin, a multimeric cage-like enzyme, is integral to iron metabolism across all phyla through the sequestration and storage of iron through efficient ferroxidase activity. While ferritin sequences from ∼900 species have been identified, crystal structures from only 50 species have been reported, the majority from bacterial origin. We recently isolated a secreted ferritin from the marine invertebrate Chaetopterus sp. (parchment tube worm), which resides in muddy coastal seafloors. Here, we present the first ferritin from a marine invertebrate to be crystallized and its biochemical characterization. The initial ferroxidase reaction rate of recombinant Chaetopterus ferritin (ChF) is 8-fold faster than that of recombinant human heavy-chain ferritin (HuHF). To our knowledge, this protein exhibits the fastest catalytic performance ever described for a ferritin variant. In addition to the high-velocity ferroxidase activity, ChF is unique in that it is secreted by Chaetopterus in a bioluminescent mucus. Previous work has linked the availability of Fe2+ to this long-lived bioluminescence, suggesting a potential function for the secreted ferritin. Comparative biochemical analyses indicated that both ChF and HuHF showed similar behavior toward changes in pH, temperature, and salt concentration. Comparison of their crystal structures shows no significant differences in the catalytic sites. Notable differences were found in the residues that line both 3-fold and 4-fold pores, potentially leading to increased flexibility, reduced steric hindrance, or a more efficient pathway for Fe2+ transportation to the ferroxidase site. These suggested residues could contribute to the understanding of iron translocation through the ferritin shell to the ferroxidase site.
EPOR2/βcR2-independendent effects of low-dose epoetin-α in porcine liver transplantation
Authors: Kebschull Linus , Theilmann Leon Franz Christoph , Mohr Annika , Uennigmann Wencke , Stoeppeler Sandra , Heitplatz Barbara , Spiegel Hans-Ullrich , Bahde Ralf , Palmes Daniel Michael , Becker Felix
Published: November 2017

Ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) remains a key component of graft damage during transplantation. Erythropoietin (EPO) induces anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects via the EPOR2/βcR2 complex, with a potential risk of thrombosis. Previous work indicates that EPO has EPOR2/βcR2-independent protective effects via direct effects on the endothelium. As the EPOR2/βcR2 receptor has a very low affinity for EPO, we aimed to test the hypothesis that EPO doses below the level that stimulate this receptor elicit cytoprotective effects via endothelial stimulation in a porcine liver transplantation model. Landrace pigs underwent allogenic liver transplantation (follow-up: 6 h) with a portojugular shunt. Animals were divided into two groups: donor and recipient treatment with low-dose EPO (65 IU/kg) or vehicle, administered 6 h before cold perfusion and 30 min after warm reperfusion. Fourteen of 17 animals (82.4%) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. No differences were noted in operative values between the groups including hemoglobin, cold or warm ischemic time. EPO-treated animals showed a significantly lower histopathology score, reduced apoptosis, oxidative stress, and most important a significant up-regulation of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS). Donor and recipient treatment with low-dose EPO reduces the hepatic IRI via EPOR2/βcR2-independent cytoprotective mechanisms and represents a clinically applicable way to reduce IRI.
Emerging candidate treatment strategies for Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome
Authors: Strandgren Charlotte , Revêchon Gwladys , Carvajal Agustín Sola , Eriksson Maria
Published: November 2017

Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS, progeria) is an extremely rare premature aging disorder affecting children, with a disease incidence of ∼1 in 18 million individuals. HGPS is usually caused by a de novo point mutation in exon 11 of the LMNA gene (c.1824C>T, p.G608G), resulting in the increased usage of a cryptic splice site and production of a truncated unprocessed lamin A protein named progerin. Since the genetic cause for HGPS was published in 2003, numerous potential treatment options have rapidly emerged. Strategies to interfere with the post-translational processing of lamin A, to enhance progerin clearance, or directly target the HGPS mutation to reduce the progerin-producing alternative splicing of the LMNA gene have been developed. Here, we give an up-to-date resume of the contributions made by our and other research groups to the growing list of different candidate treatment strategies that have been tested, both in vitro, in vivo in mouse models for HGPS and in clinical trials in HGPS patients.
Neurorehabilitation With Hispanic/Latino Populations: Psychological Perspectives on Interprofessional Communication
Authors: Altarriba Jeanette , Kazanas Stephanie A.
Published: November 2017

Recent research at the intersection between multicultural psychology and rehabilitation psychology has acknowledged the linguistic and cultural factors affecting therapeutic outcomes. For Hispanic patients, their growing population, limited access to adequate healthcare, and numerous risk factors present unique challenges to their therapists. Hispanic patients may require the use of a translator, whose ability to directly translate emotional meanings can be limited by their own experience with the patient's cultural background and specific dialect. Moreover, functional and cognitive assessments may be limited by their generalizability to a variety of Hispanic subpopulations. Religious considerations must also be met, as a patient's adherence to treatment may depend on their understanding and belief in the value of the therapeutic process. As a result of these cultural considerations, Hispanic patients often experience poor outcomes relative to non-Hispanic patients, including limited functional independence, fewer opportunities for on-the-job support, and a higher risk for related illnesses and conditions. Family support, an integral component of a Hispanic patient's neurorehabilitation team, may suffer similar negative outcomes, the result of a familial obligation to preserve the family unit. Therapists are encouraged to consider these linguistic and cultural factors of treatment in order to promote better outcomes for patients and their families.
Technique for wireless reading of passive microfluidic sensors
Authors: Henry D. , Aubert H. , Pons P. , Lorenzo J. , Lázaro A. , Girbau D.
Published: November 2017

The remote reading of high‐resolution microfluidic and passive (i.e. batteryless and chipless) temperature sensors is focused. These sensors are remotely interrogated from a 24 GHz frequency‐modulated continuous‐wave radar performing a mechanical beam scanning for locating the sensors and measuring the variation of sensors electromagnetic echo level due to temperature fluctuation. From radar measurement data, an estimator is proposed here for determining the meniscus position of the fluid inside the sensors microchannel and for deriving the temperature at the sensors location. It is shown that the estimator presents a convenient linear dependence with the meniscus position at the sensor location. The smallest measurable variation of the meniscus position is of 40 µm.
Convolutional neural network‐based cow interaction watchdog
Authors: Ardö Hakan , Guzhva Oleksiy , Nilsson Mikael , Herlin Anders H.
Published: November 2017

In the field of applied animal behaviour, video recordings of a scene of interest are often made and then evaluated by experts. This evaluation is based on different criteria (number of animals present, an occurrence of certain interactions, the proximity between animals and so forth) and aims to filter out video sequences that contain irrelevant information. However, such task requires a tremendous amount of time and resources, making manual approach ineffective. To reduce the amount of time the experts spend on watching the uninteresting video, this study introduces an automated watchdog system that can discard some of the recorded video material based on user‐defined criteria. A pilot study on cows was made where a convolutional neural network detector was used to detect and count the number of cows in the scene as well as include distances and interactions between cows as filtering criteria. This approach removed 38% (50% for additional filter parameters) of the recordings while only losing 1% (4%) of the potentially interesting video frames.
Trip planning within a multimodal urban mobility
Authors: Ulloa Luis , Lehoux‐Lebacque Vassilissa , Roulland Frédéric
Published: November 2017

To address the current challenges of mobility in large urban areas, the authors wish to make practical the experience of multimodal travels, where a range of complementary transportation services are offered to an individual. Making multimodal travels is, however, still complex and the burden is let to the traveller. In this paper, the authors present their work for making the user experience of planning a trip in a multimodal mobility context simple and efficient. The authors recall the technical challenges and literature associated with such planning which must be truly multimodal, real‐time and contextualised to the user preferences. The authors then describe the main features, differentiation, and advantages of the Xerox Trip Planner system, their solution for the computation of multimodal trips. The authors explain their path alternative generation method and a way to allow for more complex transfer mode sequences in the so‐called round‐based multimodal trip planning algorithms. The authors also present a comparative study with data from the city of Adelaide, Australia, which assesses the dynamic planning component of their solution with the other options available in this city.
Over‐voltage modelling and simulation analysis of offshore wind farm
Authors: Zhankui Zhang , Yan Li , Yongning Chi , Linjun Wei , Chao Liu
Published: November 2017

Compared with onshore wind power, offshore wind power has many advantages. However, the over‐voltage problem is one of the challenges faced by offshore wind farms connected to the grid by a long distance AC submarine cable. Since large capacitive charging of a long alternating current (AC) transmission line, capacitance reaction of no loaded line will cause severe over‐voltage when the output power of offshore wind power is low. At first, the composition of the offshore wind farm transmission system is described, then based on the EMTP software, the frequency over‐voltage and operating over‐voltage simulation model of a typical offshore wind farm transmission system is established and the simulation calculation is made, finally, based on the results of simulation and analysis, the limitations and optimisation measures are provided to avoid the over‐voltage problem.
Study on the dynamic reactive power characteristics of MMC‐MTDC for wind farm integration
Authors: Jiang Mang , Guo Qinglai , Sun Hongbin , Zhang Boming , Cheng Lin , Niu Shuanbao
Published: November 2017

The modular multilevel converter‐multi‐terminal high‐voltage direct current (MMC‐MTDC) system is a superior alternative applied to the integration of large‐scale renewable energy due to its technical advantages compared with the conventional high‐voltage direct current. Based on power systems computer aided design/electro magnetic transient in DC system (PSCAD/EMTDC), a four‐terminal MMC‐MTDC transmission system for a wind farm integration model is built and then several scenarios, simulation results and corresponding analyses about the dynamic reactive power characteristics are presented. The result shows that MMC‐MTDC has a rapid and independent alternating current (AC) voltage regulation ability and effective dynamic reactive power reserves, which has a positive effect under wind power stochastic fluctuations and AC fault conditions.
Portable microfluidic chip electrophoresis device with integrated Pt electrodes for the analysis of AgNPs
Authors: Han Haitao , Zheng Zhaoxia , Pan Dawei , Wang Chenchen , Hu Xueping , Wang Yongcong
Published: November 2017

A portable electrophoresis device based on the SU‐8/Pyrex microfluidic chip with integrated three 100 μm platinum (Pt) thin‐film electrodes (working, reference, and auxiliary) was adapted for the analysis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The microfluidic platform includes the main electrophoresis instrument, reusable holder, and microfluidic chip with integrated Pt electrodes. The electrochemical oxidation behaviours of AgNPs on Pt thin‐film electrode were investigated by using cyclic voltammetry, while the electrophoresis behaviours of AgNPs were studied on the ‘Lab‐on‐a‐chip’ platform. The influences of parameters including running buffer, separation voltage, and detection potential on the electrophoresis behaviours of AgNPs were all investigated. The results showed that AgNPs could be oxidised at 0.2–0.4 V [phosphate buffer solution buffer, pH 7.0] on the Pt thin‐film electrode. The peak current enhanced with the increase of separation voltage, while the retention time decreased. The peak current varied with the detection potential and reached the highest value at 0.4 V. This microfluidic platform could be a fast and portable detection system for the analysis of total AgNPs.
Metabolic Endotoxemia-Activated Macrophages Promote Pancreatic β Cell Death via IFNβ-Xaf1 Pathway
Authors: Tsuruta Mitsudai , Iwashita Misaki , Shinjo Takanori , Matsunaga Hiroaki , Yamashita Akiko , Nishimura Fusanori
Published: November 2017

Metabolic endotoxemia has been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. In addition to adipose tissue inflammation, inflammatory cell infiltration is also observed in islets, although its effect on islets is largely unknown. We hypothesized that macrophage infiltration into islets leads to impairment of α or β cell function, which ultimately act to exacerbate the pathophysiology of diabetes. Gene expression in a murine α cell line, αTC1, and β cell line, βTC6, was investigated by DNA microarray after co-culturing the cells with a murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7, in the presence or absence of bacterial endotoxin. Among the genes showing highly upregulated expression, genes specifically upregulated only in β cells were evaluated to determine the roles of the gene products on the cellular function of β cells. In both α and β cells, expression of type I interferon-responsive genes was highly upregulated upon endotoxin stimulation. Among these genes, expression of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (Xiap)-associated factor 1 (Xaf1) gene, which is associated with the induction of apoptosis, was specifically enhanced in β cells by endotoxin stimulation. This upregulation appeared to be mediated by macrophage-derived interferon β (IFNβ), as endotoxin-stimulated macrophages produced higher amounts of IFNβ, and exogenous addition of IFNβ into βTC6 cultures resulted in increased Xaf1 protein production and cleaved caspase 3, which accelerated β-cell apoptosis. Macrophages activated by metabolic endotoxemia infiltrated into islets and produced IFNβ, which induced β-cell apoptosis by increasing the expression of Xaf1.
Quantum torus symmetries of the CKP and multi-component CKP hierarchies
Authors: Liu Qiufang , Li Chuanzhong
Published: November 2017

In this paper, we construct a series of additional flows of the C type Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (CKP) hierarchy and the multi-component CKP hierarchy, and these flows constitute an N-fold direct product of the positive half of the quantum torus symmetry. Comparing to the W∞ infinite dimensional Lie symmetry, this quantum torus symmetry has a nice algebraic structure with double indices.
Neurological Sequelae of Adult Meningitis in Africa: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Goldberg Drew W , Tenforde Mark W , Mitchell Hannah K , Jarvis Joseph N
Published: November 2017

The high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa has markedly changed the epidemiology and presentation of adult meningitis. We conducted a systematic review using PubMed, Embase, Ovid, CENTRAL, and African Index Medicus to identify studies in Africa with data on neurological outcomes in adults after meningitis. We found 22 articles meeting inclusion criteria. From 4 studies with predominately pneumococcal meningitis, a median of 19% of survivors experienced hearing loss up to 40 days. Two studies of cryptococcal meningitis evaluated 6- to 12-month outcomes; in one, 41% of survivors had global neurocognitive impairment and 20% severe impairment at 1 year, and in a second 30% of survivors had intermediate disability and 10% severe disability at 6 months. A single small study of patients with tuberculosis/HIV found marked disability in 20% (6 of 30) at 9 months. Despite the high burden of meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa, little is known about neurological outcomes of patients with HIV-associated meningitides.
Poverty and Arbovirus Outbreaks: When Chikungunya Virus Hits More Precarious Populations Than Dengue Virus in French Guiana
Authors: Bonifay Timothée , Douine Maylis , Bonnefoy Clémence , Hurpeau Benoit , Nacher Mathieu , Djossou Félix , Epelboin Loïc
Published: November 2017

Background

Since 2013, 3 successive arbovirus outbreaks, dengue (DENV), chikungunya (CHIKV), and Zika virus, have occurred in French Guiana (FG). The primary objective of this study was to describe the socioeconomic indicators of the first patients infected with CHIKV during the outbreak of 2014. The secondary objective was to compare those patients with patient infected by DENV and with the local population.

Methods

A monocentric, retrospective, case-control study was conducted in Cayenne hospital in FG comparing a group of patients infected with CHIKV in 2014 with a group infected with DENV in 2013. Children aged less than 15 years and pregnant women were excluded.

Results

A total of 168 CHIKV patients were compared with 168 DENV patients. Factors associated with CHIKV were living in poor neighborhoods (82% vs 44%; odds ratio [OR], 5.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.35–10.2), having a precarious status (54% vs 33%; OR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.49–3.78), and being born abroad (70% vs 35%; OR, 4.35; 95% CI, 2.69–7.06).

Conclusions

The present results suggest that early in the epidemic, the populations most at risk for CHIKV infection were the most socially vulnerable populations in the poorest neighborhoods, whereas DENV appeared to have affected a richer population and richer areas.
Update on questionnaires for assessing adherence to inhaler devices in respiratory patients
Authors: Plaza Vicente
Published: November 2017

Purpose of review

It has been estimated that adherence to inhaled medications in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is around 50%. This low adherence rate increases morbidity and mortality of these disorders. The objective of this review was to update information on main questionnaires used in daily for assessing adherence to inhalers of patients with chronic respiratory diseases.

Recent findings

The test of the adherence to inhalers (TAI) is a recently developed and validated 12-item questionnaire to assess adherence to inhalers of aerosolized drugs in patients with asthma or COPD. The instrument can easily identify nonadherence, classify the level of adherence into good, intermediate and poor, and establish three nonadherence behaviour patterns of erratic, deliberate, and unwitting, which are useful for tailoring corrective measures.

Adherence to inhaler devices may be underestimated with the use of validated self-report questionnaires as compared with other more sensitive methods. However, validated self-report questionnaires are more advantageous from a cost-effective perspective in clinical practice. The recently validated TAI is a reliable and homogeneous instrument to identify easily nonadherence and behavioural barriers to the use of inhalers in patients with asthma or COPD.
Safety Outcomes Following Spine and Cranial Neurosurgery: Evidence From the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program
Authors: Rock Andrew K. , Opalak Charles F. , Workman Kathryn G. , Broaddus William C.
Published: November 2017

Background:

The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) was used to establish predictors for 30-day postoperative complications following spine and cranial neurosurgery.

Materials and Methods:

The ACS-NSQIP participant use files were queried for neurosurgical cases between 2005 and 2015. Prevalence of postoperative complications following neurosurgery was determined. Nested multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify demographic, comorbidity, and perioperative characteristics associated with any complication and mortality for spine and cranial surgery.

Results:

There were 175,313 neurosurgical cases (137,029 spine, 38,284 cranial) identified. A total of 23,723 (13.5%) patients developed a complication and 2588 (1.5%) patients died. Compared with spine surgery, cranial surgery had higher likelihood of any complication (22.2% vs. 11.1%; P<0.001) and mortality (4.8% vs. 0.5%; P<0.001). In multivariable analysis, cranial surgery had 2.73 times higher likelihood for mortality compared with spine surgery (95% confidence interval, 2.46-3.03; P<0.001), but demonstrated lower odds of any complication (odds ratio, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.90-0.97; P<0.001). There were 6 predictors (race, tobacco use, dyspnea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic heart failure, and wound classification) significantly associated with any complication, but not mortality. Paradoxically, tobacco use had an unexplained protective effect on at least one complication or any complication. Similarly, increasing body mass index was protective for any complication and mortality, which suggests there may be a newly observed “obesity paradox” in neurosurgery.

Conclusions:

After controlling for demographic characteristics, preoperative comorbidities, and perioperative factors, cranial surgery had higher risk for mortality compared with spine surgery despite lower risk for other complications. These findings highlight a discrepancy in the risk for postoperative complications following neurosurgical procedures that requires emphasis within quality improvement initiatives.
Correlation of cementation technique with bone stock preservation in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: M. Abdeldayem Sherif , Eid Mohamed A.M.
Published: November 2017

Background:

The purpose of this study was to detect the change in size of the trial plastic insert needed to achieve maximal coronal plane stability in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with the knee in full extension before and after cementation of the final components.

Methods:

In 64 consecutive primary total knee arthroplasties, the sizes of the plastic trial inserts fulfilling the above criteria were recorded before and the after cementation of the final components using a definite cementation technique that ensures proper seating of the components in a fully extended knee.

Results:

A statistically significant (P<0.05) increase of the definite polyethylene insert size with a mean difference of 2 mm was found. There was no statistically significant difference in the result between men and women, between fixed and mobile bearing designs, or between the two implant systems used in this study.

Conclusions:

We concluded that proper seating of the components with our cementation technique would leave an extra space of 2 mm to the residual extension gap. In view of this result, the knee arthroplasty surgeon could save 2 mm of unnecessary proximal tibial resection and preserve the extra bone stock for future revision surgery.
Histological Osteoarthritic Changes in the Human Cervical Spine Facet Joints Related to Age and Sex
Authors: Uhrenholt Lars , Charles Annie Vesterby , Gregersen Markil , Hartvigsen Jan , Hauge Ellen-Margrethe
Published: November 2017

Study Design.

Cross-sectional autopsy study.

Objective.

Quantify histological changes in the lower cervical spine facet joints with regard to age and sex using systematic random sampling of entire joints.

Summary of Background Data.

Neck pain is a common debilitating musculoskeletal condition and one of the highest ranked causes of years lived with disability. The cause of neck pain is multifactorial and osteoarthritis is one potential cause. The cervical spine facet joints have been implicated in the etiology of chronic neck pain. Hence, a detailed description of their anatomy and age- and sex-related changes is needed.

Methods.

The lower four cervical spine segments (C4-C7 included) were obtained from 72 subjects during autopsy; 29 women (median age 53 years [22–77]) and 43 men (median age 38 years [20–78]). A total of 1132 articular facets were embedded in toto in hard plastic and sliced into 3-mm thick sections from where 10 μm thick histological sections were produced. Morphological variables were evaluated microscopically and histomorphometric variables were retrieved using random sampling methods. Data were analyzed with a linear regression model.

Results.

Significant associations were found between increasing age and in particular splitting, fissures, osteophytes, thickness of the calcified cartilage, and subchondral bone plate. The thickness of the calcified cartilage and subchondral bone plate increased with increasing age, whereas the hyaline cartilage thickness decreased. Males had more extensive degenerative changes in the cartilage.

Conclusion.

Using semiquantitative histological methods, degenerative findings were observed at all spinal levels involving the articular cartilage and the osseous structures of the cervical spine facet joints similar to those observed in larger weight-bearing joints. In particular, the thickening of the calcified cartilage and the subchondral bone identified the osteocartilaginous junction as an important area in osteoarthritis. These findings may be relevant for the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.

Level of Evidence: 3
Prognostic Factors and Treatment of Spinal Astrocytomas
Authors: Zou Yingjie , Sun James , Zhou Yangying , Bai Harrison Xiao , Huang Xiangyan , Babu Ranjith , Landi Alessandro , Foong Kap Sum , Zhang Zishu , Woo John H. , Tao Yongguang , Li Xuejun , Tang Xiangqi , Xiao Bo , Zhang Paul J. , Yang Li
Published: November 2017

Study Design.

Retrospective cohort analysis of patients with spinal astrocytoma from multi-institutional data and the literature.

Objective.

To determine the prognostic factors, treatment, and survival of patients.

Summary of Background Data.

Our current understanding of the epidemiology, prognosis, and optimal treatment of spinal astrocytoma is limited. The literature is confined to case reports or small institutional case series.

Method.

Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, treatments, and outcomes were extracted. Univariate Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to identify prognostic factors followed by multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed on pre- and postoperational functional status as measured by McCormick score.

Results.

Ninety-four patients from four institutions and 339 patients from the literature were included. For the multi-institutional cohort, WHO grade IV tumors had shorter progression-free survival (PFS) than those of lower grades, whereas gross total resection (GTR) (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.14–1.27, P = 0.124) trended toward longer PFS when compared to subtotal resection (STR). Age 18 years or older, paresthesia as a presenting symptom, and higher WHO grade were associated with shorter overall survival (OS), whereas thoracic tumor location when compared to cervical tumor location, biopsy when compared to STR, and radiotherapy (HR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.20–0.88, P = 0.022) were associated with longer OS. For the literature cohort, GTR (HR 0.43, 95% CI: 0.24–0.77, P = 0.005) was associated with longer PFS when compared to STR, whereas higher WHO grade was associated with shorter PFS. Higher WHO grade and recurrence/progression were associated with shorter OS. Postoperative McCormick score was significantly higher than preoperative score (P < 0.001), but subgroup analysis of the change in McCormick score by extent of resection revealed no differences among groups (P = 0.551).

Conclusion.

In patients with spinal astrocytomas, GTR likely resulted in longer PFS when compared to STR. Adjuvant radiotherapy appears to be effective in improving survival outcomes for high-grade tumors.

Level of Evidence: 4
An Ecological Model of Well-being After Sexual Assault
Authors: Wadsworth Pamela , Krahe Eve , Searing Kim
Published: November 2017

In this article, the authors describe factors that enhance or detract from well-being after adult sexual assault from the perspective of sexual assault victims and survivors. The authors present a holistic view of the complex ways in which women respond to and cope with the impact of adult sexual assault while trying to create a sense of well-being. The forces that facilitate or detract from well-being are organized into an ecological model. The data originate from a grounded theory study in 2015, with 22 adult female adult sexual assault victims/survivors.
An Ecological Approach to Understanding Preventive Service Utilization Among the Underserved
Authors: Coplan Bettie
Published: November 2017

Preventive services have the potential to reduce health disparities; however, these services are underutilized, particularly among the underserved. Patients with low socioeconomic status and racial and ethnic minorities experience significant health disparities related to cancer and infectious and chronic diseases but face multilevel challenges accessing preventive care. The purpose of this article is to enhance understanding of preventive service utilization among underserved patients by providing an ecological framework that addresses factors at multiple levels that influence patient care. In addition to factors that directly impact the patient, the framework incorporates influences on the patient's experience of the health system.
Families and the Juvenile Justice System
Authors: Amani Bita , Milburn Norweeta G. , Lopez Susana , Young-Brinn Angela , Castro Lourdes , Lee Alex , Bath Eraka
Published: November 2017

We conducted focus groups with defense lawyers, clinicians, and education advocates to gather their perspectives on families' experiences with the juvenile justice system. Our quantitative descriptive analysis identified a range of themes such as discussions about the poor treatment of families as well as recommendations for a shifting of power to families. These perspectives may provide insights about the context in which families are expected to participate in interventions, meet probationary demands, and provide for their youth's well-being. The results support evidence gathered from families about the impact of youth incarceration on their lives and has implications for practitioners and researchers working with families whose youth have been incarcerated.
Voices of the Filipino Community Describing the Importance of Family in Understanding Adolescent Behavioral Health Needs
Authors: Javier Joyce R. , Galura Kristina , Aliganga Frank Anthony P. , Supan Jocelyn , Palinkas Lawrence A.
Published: November 2017

Filipinos are a large, yet invisible, minority at high risk for adolescent behavioral health problems. Limited research describes the family as offering a source of positive support for some Filipino youths and yet for some it is also a source of stress and isolation, leading to struggles with adolescent depression and suicidal behavior. This article describes a qualitative study that investigates the role of family when understanding behavioral health needs among Filipino adolescents. Findings highlight the importance of addressing family cohesion when designing interventions aimed at improving the well-being of Filipino youth.
Demographic Predictors of Family Functioning and Its Change Over the First 5 Years Postpartum
Authors: Vivekanandarajah Sinthu , Wen Li Ming , Baur Louise
Published: November 2017

There are very few longitudinal studies examining family functioning in early childhood. This was a prospective cohort study to identify maternal sociodemographic factors associated with family functioning over the first 5 years postpartum, using data from the Healthy Beginnings Trial. Family functioning was measured using the General Functioning Subscale of the McMaster Family Assessment Device. A total of 667 first-time mothers participated, of which 369 remained at 5 years. Family functioning did not change significantly over the 5 years. Mothers being Australian born, being employed, and having a partner were predictors for healthy family functioning. Targeting support for immigrants, low-income and single-mother families may therefore improve family functioning.
The HEART Pathway and Hospital Cost Savings
Authors: Yau Amy A. , Nguyendo Long T. , Lockett LaKeesha L. , Michaud Edward
Published: November 2017

Chest pain is a common complaint in emergency departments. Several guidelines and tools exist to help the clinician determine need for hospitalization. For low-risk patients, clinical judgment can underestimate a patient’s risk of major adverse cardiac event. Implementation of an advanced diagnostic protocol with the HEART Pathway can reduce hospital cost. For our academic institution, we saw an approximate $1 million in total savings during the initial implementation year along with increased outpatient visits. In addition, an increase in outpatient visits confirmed previous estimates that implementation of the HEART Pathway results in >20% reduction of hospital costs. We also identify challenges and considerations for facilities looking to repeat our successes.
Potassium Chloride Sustained Release Dosing Pathway in an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Cook Bryan M. , Carter Danielle M. , Dell’Orfano Heather , Matta Lina
Published: November 2017

Potassium supplementation can be administered intravenously or orally with either immediate release or sustained release formulations. Sustained release potassium chloride allows for delayed absorption and peak effects. In the inpatient setting, it is important to monitor and prevent both hypokalemia and hyperkalemia. Our tertiary-care academic hospital created a clinical pathway for sustained release potassium chloride supplementation in the inpatient population. Our clinical pathway for sustained release potassium chloride creates dosing restrictions designed to prevent hyperkalemia, while allowing exceptions for patients with high requirements.
USE OF A THRESHOLD OF INTERLEUKIN-10 AND IL-10/IL-6 RATIO IN OCULAR SAMPLES FOR THE SCREENING OF VITREORETINAL LYMPHOMA
Authors: Pochat-Cotilloux Celine , Bienvenu Jacques , Nguyen Anh-Minh , Ohanessian Robin , Ghesquières Hervé , Sève Pascal , Garnier Lorna , Kodjikian Laurent
Published: November 2017

Purpose:

To determine a threshold for interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-10/IL-6 ratio in the aqueous humor (AH) and the vitreous for the screening of vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL).

Methods:

One hundred nineteen patients for whom IL-10 and IL-6 in the AH and/or vitreous had been measured were included: 16 patients with a final diagnosis of VRL and 103 patients with final diagnosis of uveitis. Groups were compared according to IL-10 and IL-6 levels and demographic data.

Results:

In patients with VRL (Group 1), mean IL-10 values were 5,636 pg/mL, and in patients with uveitis (Group 2), 6.7 pg/mL in the vitreous and 190 pg/mL in Group 1 and 8.6 pg/mL in the AH. In Group 1, the mean IL-10/IL-6 ratio was 29.02 in the vitreous and 10.9 in the AH; in Group 2, ratio was 0.1 in both humors. These values were significantly different between patients with VRL and with uveitis (P < 0.001). A cutoff of 65 pg/mL and 30 pg/mL IL-10 in the vitreous and AH, respectively, was associated with sensitivity of 93% and 78%, respectively, and specificity of 100% and 97%, respectively. A ratio higher than 1 in the vitreous had sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 100%.

Conclusion:

Vitreoretinal lymphoma diagnosis is difficult, and tools like interleukin measurements in AH and vitreous can make it easier. The use of a cutoff for IL-10 and IL-10/IL-6 ratio could allow for an earlier diagnosis that may improve prognosis.
OUTCOMES OF PNEUMATIC RETINOPEXY PERFORMED BY VITREORETINAL FELLOWS
Authors: Emami-Naeini Parisa , Vuong Vivian S. , Tran Steven , Morse Lawrence S. , Moshiri Ala , Park Susanna S. , Yiu Glenn
Published: November 2017

Purpose:

To evaluate the anatomical and visual outcomes of patients who underwent pneumatic retinopexy by vitreoretinal fellows.

Methods:

We included 198 eyes (198 patients) that underwent pneumatic retinopexy by vitreoretinal fellows at a single academic institution between November 2002 and June 2016. Main outcomes were single-operation success and final anatomical success in retinal reattachment, as well as visual acuity at 3 months and 6 months after treatment.

Results:

Single-operation success rate was 63.6% at 3 months and 59.5% at 6 months. Final anatomical reattachment was achieved in 92.9% (n = 184) and 96.6% (n = 143) at 3 months and 6 months, respectively. Logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity improved from 0.72 ± 0.1 (∼20/100 Snellen) at baseline to 0.36 ± 0.06 (∼20/40 Snellen) at 6 months (P < 0.001). There was no statistical difference in anatomical success rates or visual outcomes between cases performed by first- or second-year fellows (P > 0.50). Single-operation success was associated only with size of detachment (P = 0.01). Visual outcome was associated with macula status at baseline (P = 0.032) and number of reoperations (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Anatomical and visual outcomes of fellow-performed pneumatic retinopexy are comparable with those reported in the previous literature.
VASCULAR ABNORMALITIES IN DIABETIC RETINOPATHY ASSESSED WITH SWEPT-SOURCE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY WIDEFIELD IMAGING
Authors: Schaal Karen B. , Munk Marion R. , Wyssmueller Iris , Berger Lieselotte E. , Zinkernagel Martin S. , Wolf Sebastian
Published: November 2017

Purpose:

To detect vascular abnormalities in diabetic retinopathy using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) widefield images, and to compare the findings with color fundus photographs (CFPs) using Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study severity grading.

Methods:

3 mm × 3 mm and 12 mm × 12 mm scans were acquired to cover 70° to 80° of the posterior pole using a 100-kHz SS-OCTA instrument. Two masked graders assessed the presence of vascular abnormalities on SS-OCTA and the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study level on CFP. The grading results were then compared.

Results:

A total of 120 diabetic eyes (60 patients) were imaged with the SS-OCTA instrument. Cohort 1 (91 eyes; SS-OCTA grading only) showed microaneurysms in 91% (n = 83), intraretinal microvascular abnormalities in 79% (n = 72), and neovascularization in 21% (n = 19) of cases. Cohort 2 (52 eyes; CFP grading compared with SS-OCTA) showed microaneurysms on CFP in 90% (n = 47) and on SS-OCTA in 96% (n = 50) of cases. Agreement in intraretinal microvascular abnormality detection was fair (k = 0.2). Swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography detected 50% of intraretinal microvascular abnormality cases (n = 26), which were missed on CFP. Agreement in detecting neovascularization was moderate (k = 0.5).

Conclusion:

Agreement in detection of diabetic retinopathy features on CFP and SS-OCTA varies depending on the vascular changes examined. Swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography shows a higher detection rate of intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (P = 0.039), compared with Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grading.
POPPER MACULOPATHY: LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP AND CASE SERIES
Authors: Hui Michelle , Galvin Justin , Chilov Michael , Gabrielle Pierre-Henry , Fung Adrian T.
Published: November 2017

Purpose:

To report a case series of popper maculopathy.

Methods:

Clinical history, examination findings, retinal imaging, and progress of the disease are described.

Results:

Four male patients with a mean age of 37 years (range 25–48) and different duration of popper use (ranging from first time user to chronic user) presented with central scotomata, phosphenes, or photophobia. Optical coherence tomography in all cases demonstrated subfoveal disruption of the ellipsoid zone. Three cases also showed hyperreflectivity of the ellipsoid zone, and one case had a foveal detachment. Chronic user of poppers was associated with more severe macular changes. One patient had a 3-year follow-up and demonstrated complete resolution of signs on retinal imaging after ceasing popper use.

Conclusion:

Popper maculopathy may show complete resolution of signs on long-term follow-up, even after chronic popper ingestion.
Single-Sided Deafness: Impact of Cochlear Implantation on Speech Perception in Complex Noise and on Auditory Localization Accuracy
Authors: Döge Julia , Baumann Uwe , Weissgerber Tobias , Rader Tobias
Published: November 2017

Objective:

To assess auditory localization accuracy and speech reception threshold (SRT) in complex noise conditions in adult patients with acquired single-sided deafness, after intervention with a cochlear implant (CI) in the deaf ear.

Study Design:

Nonrandomized, open, prospective patient series.

Setting:

Tertiary referral university hospital.

Patients:

Eleven patients with late-onset single-sided deafness (SSD) and normal hearing in the unaffected ear, who received a CI. All patients were experienced CI users.

Intervention:

Unilateral cochlear implantation.

Main Outcome Measures:

Speech perception was tested in a complex multitalker equivalent noise field consisting of multiple sound sources. Speech reception thresholds in noise were determined in aided (with CI) and unaided conditions. Localization accuracy was assessed in complete darkness. Acoustic stimuli were radiated by multiple loudspeakers distributed in the frontal horizontal plane between −60 and +60 degrees.

Results:

In the aided condition, results show slightly improved speech reception scores compared with the unaided condition in most of the patients. For 8 of the 11 subjects, SRT was improved between 0.37 and 1.70 dB. Three of the 11 subjects showed deteriorations between 1.22 and 3.24 dB SRT. Median localization error decreased significantly by 12.9 degrees compared with the unaided condition.

Conclusion:

CI in single-sided deafness is an effective treatment to improve the auditory localization accuracy. Speech reception in complex noise conditions is improved to a lesser extent in 73% of the participating CI SSD patients. However, the absence of true binaural interaction effects (summation, squelch) impedes further improvements. The development of speech processing strategies that respect binaural interaction seems to be mandatory to advance speech perception in demanding listening situations in SSD patients.