bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Book Reviews
Authors: Cortemünde J.P. , Teeuw A. , Hooykaas C. , Nevermann Hans , Emst P. , Freeman J.D. , Oplt Miroslav , Schuman L.O. , Slametmuljana  , Teeuw A. , Graaf H.J.
Published: July 2020

- L.O. Schuman, Atlas of the Arab world and the Middle East. With an introduction by C.F. Beckingham, Professor of Islamic Studies in the University of Manchester. Amsterdam (Djambatan), 1960.- C. Hooykaas, Hans Nevermann, Stimme des Wasserbüffels, Malaiische Volkslieder, übersetzt und dargestellt. Im Erich Roth-Verlag, Kassel 1956, 244 pp.- A. Teeuw, Slametmuljana, Kaidah Bahasa Indonesia. Penerbit Djambatan Djakarta. I, XII + 207 pp. [1956]; II, XVI + 256 pp. [1957].- P. van Emst, J.D. Freeman, Anthropology in the South Seas. Essays presented to H.D. Skinner. Edited by J.D. Freeman and W.R. Geddes. Thomas Avery & Sons Ltd. New Plymouth, New Zealand. 1959. 267 pp., W.R. Geddes (eds.)- H.J. de Graaf, J.P. Cortemünde, Dagbog fra en Ostindiefart, 1572-75; ved Henning Henningsen. Handels- og Sofartmuseet pa Kronborg. Sohistoriske Skrifter V. Kronborg 1953.- A. Teeuw, Miroslav Oplt, Bahasa Indonésia - Ucebnice Indonéstiny - Indonesian Language. Praha 1960. Státni Pedagogické Nakladatelství. 357 pp.
Little spatial and temporal segregation between coexisting lionfishes (Pterois miles and Pterois radiata) in the Red Sea
Authors: Gavriel Tal , Belmaker Jonathan
Published: July 2020

Spatial and temporal niche partitioning are common strategies to reduce competition between closely related species. While spatial partitioning is widely studied, temporal partitioning, especially in marine environments, is much less documented. The lionfish Pterois miles is common in the Red Sea and have recently established populations within the Mediterranean Sea. However, to date, the sympatric and closely related Pterois radiata has yet to become established outside its native range. In this study, we focus on describing spatio-temporal patterns of activity in P. miles and P. radiata within their native range. This may help understand their coexistence mechanisms and whether the presence of one species can influence the probability of the other species to become established. We used visual surveys across day and night to assess activity patterns and the tendency of the species to co-occur. We found that while P. miles is a flexible crepuscular, P. radiata is strictly nocturnal. However, we detected only slight spatio-temporal segregation between the species. Hence, the coexistence of these two species may not be related to habitat or temporal partitioning. However, we do find a more generalist behavior of P. miles in terms of activity duration, which adds to its known broad diet and habitat use patterns, and may jointly explain its introduction success.
A Deep Learning Based Level Set Model for Pancreas Segmentation
Authors: Gong Zhaoxuan , Guo Wei , Zhou Wei , Zhao Dazhe , Tan Wenjun , Zhang Guodong
Published: July 2020

A deep learning based active contour framework is proposed for pancreas segmentation. Data extension and fractional differential operation are firstly applied for pre-processing. Second, deep learning method is designed to acquire the initial contour of pancreas. Subsequently, an intensity
constrained term is designed to stop the contours at the edges. The intensity constrained term is integrated into a variational active contour model with three terms. The accurate pancreas segmentation is obtained by the evolution of the active contour model. Our approach reaches high detection
dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 83% and sensitivity of 85% in a dataset containing 40 abdominal CT scans. Comparisons with other level set models provide evidence that the proposed method offers desirable performances.
Diagnosis of Fetal Esophageal Atresia by Prenatal MRI and Analysis of Prognostic Factors
Authors: An Peng , Song Ping , An Kun , Liu Xinyi , Zhang Yanting , Gan Ling , Ye Derong , Liang Yuanying , Zhang Shunyu , Zhou Sufen , Xing Limin
Published: July 2020

Objective To investigate the value of prenatal ultrasound and MRI in the diagnosis of types I and III fetal esophageal atresia (EA), in addition to analyzing the factors related to prognosis. Methods The clinical data regarding six cases of type I and 39 cases of type
III EA, with the diagnosis confirmed by postnatal autopsy, MRI, CT, or surgical operation from November 2012 to January 2018, were retrospectively analyzed. Moreover, the prenatal ultrasound and MRI features were summarized. According to the prognosis, 45 fetuses with EA were divided into
study (poor prognosis) and control (better prognosis) groups. Logistic regression was used to analyze the prognostic factors. Results The imaging features of 45 EA cases were as follows: Ultrasound features of fetal EA: polyhydramnios (AFI ≥ 25), continuously absent stomach bubble
(rechecked 48 hours later), and reduced or no fetal swallowing over 30 minutes; the measured values for fetal head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), and estimated fetal weight (EFW) were lower than expected according to the clinical gestational age. MRI features: appearance
of line-like long T1 and long T2 signals from the fetal neck to the esophagus at the upper mediastinal spinal anterior area; esophageal disconnection, sagging, or the appearance of a visible blind-ended pouch, and disappearance of the stomach bubble. Three cases (6.67%, 3/45) were diagnosed
accurately by prenatal ultrasound, while 45 cases (100%, 45/45) were diagnosed accurately by MRI after prenatal ultrasound suggested EA. The incidences of complex cardiovascular malformation, low birth weight ( < 1200 g), EA type (type I), hypoproteinemia, and an esophageal deletion length
> 5 cm were significantly higher in the poor prognosis group than those in the better prognosis group ( P < 0 05). Conclusions Due to interference factors such as fetal movement, excessive skin thickness, skeleton, and surrounding tissues and organs, only 6.67% of types I and
III EA were directly diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound in the present study. The risk factors for poor prognosis of EA were complex cardiovascular malformation, low birth weight, EA type, hypoproteinemia, and esophageal deletion length > 5 cm; when these ultrasound features were found, performing
MRI to diagnose EA and predict prognosis was valuable.
Sensitivity of Pre-Contrast Multiphase versus Conventional Liver MRI in Diagnosing Hepatic Hemangioma
Authors: Chen Wen-Chang , Ho Yen-Hung , Lin Song-Shei , Zhang Lan , Chiang I-Tsang , Lin Wei-Ming
Published: July 2020

Hepatic hemangioma (HH) can be diagnosed noninvasively via dynamic contrast enhancement computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or ultrasonography. Diagnosis HH is based on imaging features such as early arterial phase enhancement and persistence enhancement on portal
or delayed phase. However, differentiating small or atypical hemangiomas from other hepatic masses using these imaging methods maybe be difficult, especially in patients with a medical history of malignant disease. Another challenge in clinical practice is when patients with acute or chronic
renal insufficiency, use MRI contrast agent gadolinium (Gd) with the risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. Differentiating hemangioma from its mimickers on preoperative imaging studies is of critical importance. Our study compared the diagnostic sensitivity of pre-contrast multiphase and
conventional liver MRI. Total 80 patients with HH were participate to our study retrospectively. Imaging was performed using pre-contrast multiphase and conventional liver MRI methods. The size of the nodule/mass to be evaluated was ≥1 cm. All patients MRI images were obtained and classified
into two groups based on the acquisition parameters. The first group with pre-contrast multiphase MRI sequences, and the second group of conventional liver MRI methods included pre-contrast multiphase MRI sequences, contrast-enhanced tri-phase sequences. The study was reviewed and analyzed
by two independence gastrointestinal radiologists, who were blinded to the examination and follow-up study results. The diagnostic sensitivity was compared between pre-contrast multiphase MRI sequences only and conventional liver MRI sequences methods. Based on the observation of two gastrointestinal
radiologists, our results showed mean sensitivity of 90.0% and 97.5% for pre-contrast multiphase MRI and conventional liver MRI, respectively. Pre-contrast multiphase MRI sequence methods may be reliably applied in the diagnosis of HH.
A CMOS Image Sensor with a Novel Passive Pixel Array and High Precision Current Amplifier for a Compact Digital X-ray Detector
Authors: Cheon Jimin , Lee Dongmyung , Choi Hojong
Published: July 2020

An active pixel sensor (APS) in a digital X-ray detector is the dominant circuitry for a CMOS image sensor (CIS) despite its lower fill factor (FF) compared to that of a passive pixel sensor (PPS). Although the PPS provides higher FF, its overall signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is lower
than that of the APS. The required high resolution and small focal plane can be achieved by reducing the number of transistors and contacts per pixel. We proposed a novel passive pixel array and a high precision current amplifier to improve the dynamic range (DR) without minimizing the sensitivity
for diagnostic compact digital X-ray detector applications. The PPS can be an alternative to improve the FF. However, size reduction of the feedback capacitor causes degradation of SNR performance. This paper proposes a novel PPS based on readout and amplification circuits with a high precision
current amplifier to minimize performance degradation. The expected result was attained with a 0.35-μm CMOS process parameter with power supply voltage of 3.3 V. The proposed PPS has a saturation signal of 1.5 V, dynamic range of 63.5 dB, and total power consumption of 13.47 mW.
Therefore, the proposed PPS readout circuit improves the dynamic range without sacrificing the sensitivity.
The Study on Health Information Characteristics and Privacy
Authors: Park Hyun-A
Published: July 2020

Because health information has some different properties from other general data, it is important to understand 'information subject,' 'subject of information generation,' 'subject of information management' according to the characteristics of each medical information. It makes it possible
to develop the appropriate security technology under the current legal regulations. In this paper, we identify some incorrect uses in existing papers, we show that "Patient-Participated on Electronic Health Record Systems" is more appropriate expression rather than "Patient-Controlled on Electronic
Health Record Systems." We discuss three key factors (information subject, subject of information generation, subject of information management) of medical information and 'personal information self-determination.' As a solution for privacy, we suggest the 'Secure and dynamic consent system'
and 'Personally-controlled health record on PHR (Personal Health Records)' should be developed under the current law and the current (or future) integrated medical information system.
Flexible Kernel-Based Fuzzy Means Based Segmentation and Patch-Local Binary Patterns Feature Based Classification System Skin Cancer Detection
Authors: Palpandi S. , Devi T. Meera
Published: July 2020

The high death rates are occurred due to the Melanoma among the skin tumor persons. Melanoma is more dangerous when it raises inside of the skin layer. Hence, watch the wound in depth of the skin is a significant cause to identify melanoma. A (NI) non-invasive computerized dermoscopic
(DS) method is introduced in these study. Existing DS system many faces various challenges includes segmentation and classification for detecting the skin cancer. The objective of the research work to improve the segmentation and classification performance. In DS images hair removal and segmentation
are performed by using Hybrid Laplacian of Gaussian (HLOG) filter and Flexible Kernel-Based Fuzzy Means (FKFCM), whereas Patch-Local binary patterns (LBP) for feature extraction. The extensive experiment are conducted on largest publicly available benchmark dataset such as PH2, Kaggel and
HAM 10000. To validate the performance of proposed technique when compared with traditional segmentation and classification techniques. The proposed system archive 97% of accuracy, 98% sensitivity and 96% of specificity for PH2 dataset. The planned scheme stands out among the few modern literary
sources presented in the context of the analysis of DS images in terms of productivity and accepted methodologies, which proves the reliability of the novel study.
The Tropical Pacific ENSO–Mean State Relationship in Climate Models over the Last Millennium
Authors: Wyman D. Allie , Conroy Jessica. L. , Karamperidou Christina
Published: July 2020

ENSO and the mean zonal sea surface temperature gradient (dSST) of the tropical Pacific are important drivers of global climate and vary on decadal to centennial time scales. However, the relationship between dSST and ENSO cannot be assessed with the short instrumental record, and is uncertain in proxy data, with intervals of both stronger and weaker ENSO postulated to occur with overall strong dSST in the past. Here we assess the ENSO–dSST relationship during the last millennium using general circulation models (GCMs) participating in phase 3 of the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project. Last millennium GCM simulations show diversity in the strength and direction of the ENSO–dSST relationship. Yet, the models that best simulate modern tropical Pacific climate frequently have a more negative ENSO–dSST correlation. Thus, last millennium tropical Pacific climate simulations support the likelihood of enhanced ENSO during decadal to centennial periods of reduced tropical Pacific dSST. However, the alternating directional ENSO–dSST relationship in all model simulations suggests that this relationship is not constant through time and is likely controlled by multiple mechanisms.
A Technique to Minimize Aerosolization During Percutaneous Tracheostomy in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Betancourt-Ramirez Alejandro , Yelon Jay A. , Boland Paul , Amaturo Michael
Published: July 2020

Background

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused respiratory failure in many patients. With no effective treatment or vaccine, prolonged mechanical ventilation is common in survivors. Timing and performance of tracheostomy, for both patient and surgical team safety, remains a question. Here within, we report our experience with percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy with modification to minimize aerosolization.

Methods

A modified percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy technique is described. The technique was performed on 10 patients in the surgical intensive care unit.

Results

Ten patients underwent percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy. There were 7 males, and the average age for the group was 60.8 years. The average number of ventilator days before the operation was 26.3. All procedures were successful, and no patient had any procedure-related complications.

Conclusions

The procedure described was successful in our patient population. We believe that this approach is safe for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and limits aerosolization during the operation.

Level of evidence

Level IV, case series.
Adaptations of a Tertiary Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department in Singapore during the COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: See Anna , Go Lih Khuang , Teo Constance E. H. , Teo Neville Wei Yang , Toh Song Tar
Published: July 2020

Purpose:

The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak which was first reported in Wuhan, China has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. Otorhinolaryngologists deal intimately with pathologies of the head and neck region and upper respiratory tract and have been reported as a vulnerable group of healthcare workers who may be more susceptible to COVID-19 nosocomial infection.

Methods:

In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of the adaptations of Singapore’s largest tertiary Otorhinolaryngology department during the COVID-19 outbreak. This was undertaken via an evidence-based approach. The relevant medical literature and evidence underlying our adaptations are highlighted.

Results:

A four-pronged strategy including (1) personnel segregation, (2) triaging and decantment, (3) use of personal protective equipment and (4) changes in clinical practice was employed. The strategy was bolstered by drawing upon a collective learnt experience from the 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak.

Conclusion:

A rigorous framework which can preserve operationality while navigating the heightened risks during this outbreak is critical for every Otorhinolaryngology department. As the pandemic continues to evolve and more scientific reports of this disease are made available, approaches will need to be morphed.
Achievement Across the Life Span: Perspectives From the Terman Study of the Gifted
Authors: Holahan Carole K.
Published: July 2020

The Terman Study of the Gifted presents a unique opportunity to study the implications of achievement for life satisfaction in adulthood and aging. This article uses a life-span developmental perspective to summarize research concerning the lifetime achievement of the Terman sample, their appraisals of living up to their intellectual abilities, and their approaches to aging. A large majority of the Terman men reached high levels of occupational achievement, while the achievements of the Terman women were more varied. The historical context is important in understanding these gender differences. The participants’ appraisals of having lived up to their intellectual abilities were generally positive, and appraisals were related to lifetime achievement pattern and gender. Early knowledge of being labeled as gifted was negatively related to participants’ appraisals of their life accomplishments in adulthood. Finally, the lives of the Terman Study participants provide insight into possibilities for successful aging.
Religiosity as a predictor of mental health in Egyptian teenagers in preparatory and secondary school
Authors: Abdel-Khalek Ahmed M , Korayem Adel Shokry , Lester David
Published: July 2020

Background:

There have been few studies of religiosity in adolescents and even fewer in Muslim cultures.

Aims:

The present study investigated the associations of religiosity with subjective well-being (WB, and mental and physical health) using samples of Egyptian children and adolescents.

Method:

Samples of Egyptian preparatory school children and secondary school children were administered questions concerning religiosity, mental and physical health and satisfaction with life.

Results:

In study 1, boys obtained significantly higher mean scores than girls did on the self-rating scales of religiosity, mental health, physical health and satisfaction with life. In study 2, boys obtained significantly higher mean scores on the Arabic Scale of Mental Health and the self-rating scales of physical health and happiness. All the Pearson correlation coefficients between religiosity, WB and health were significant and positive in both studies. Predictors of mental health differed for boys and girls, but religiosity played a significant role in the prediction of mental health for the younger boys and for the older girls.

Conclusion:

Religion plays an important role in the lives of the present two samples of Egyptian adolescents
Control and the Health Effects of Work–Family Conflict: A Longitudinal Test of Generalized Versus Specific Stress Buffering
Authors: Badawy Philip , Schieman Scott
Published: July 2020

The stress associated with work-to-family conflict (WFC) and family-to-work conflict (FWC) is well documented. However, surprisingly little is known about the resources that moderate the effects of work–family conflict on health over time. Using four waves of panel data from the Canadian Work, Stress, and Health Study (2011–2017; n = 11,349 person-wave observations), we compare how a core psychosocial resource (personal mastery) and a salient organizationally based resource (schedule control) moderate the health effects of WFC and FWC. After establishing these health effects related to distress and physical symptoms, we discover that mastery has generalized stress-buffering functions whereby it alleviates the health effects of both WFC and FWC. In contrast, schedule control has asymmetrical moderating functions: It attenuates the health effects of WFC only. These findings elaborate and sharpen the scope of resources as moderators in the stress process model—and we integrate these ideas with other conceptual models like the job demands-resources model.
The Purity of Dirt: Revisiting Mary Douglas in the Light of Contemporary Consumer Interpretations of Naturalness, Purity and Dirt
Authors: Ditlevsen Kia , Andersen Sidse Schoubye
Published: July 2020

Food consumption and risks associated with it have changed substantially since the 1960s, yet the interpretation and conceptualization of ‘purity and danger’ have not evolved very much since Mary Douglas’ seminal work on the topic. In this study, we present an empirically based contemporary interpretation of purity and danger in relation to the consumption of food, dietary supplements and health-related everyday routines. Drawing on qualitative interviews from two recent Danish research projects, both situated within the field of consumption, we find that consumption choices are motivated by a (diffuse) sense of danger and anxiety about bodily contamination, resulting in a striving for purity. But in contrast with what was observed by Douglas in the 1960s, today’s purification strategies do not stress hygiene and sterility. Instead they focus on naturalness, even though ‘natural’ products are known to incorporate objectively dirty and non-sterile elements.
Predicting air permeability of multifilament polyester woven fabrics using developed fuzzy logic model
Authors: Alsayed Maher , Çelik Halil İbrahim , Kaynak Hatice Kübra
Published: July 2020

The number of filaments in yarn cross-section, weave density, and weave type are considered the most important factors that affect the property of air permeability of multifilament woven fabrics. Microfilament yarns significantly affect the air permeability property of this type of fabric because of the low porosity between the filaments. This study deals with the development of a fuzzy logic model for predicting the air permeability of multifilament polyester woven fabrics produced from conventional and microfilament yarns. The polyester multifilament yarns used in this study were produced with three different microfilament fineness and two conventional filament fineness levels. The woven fabric samples used in this study were obtained in three weave types: plain, twill, and satin, and with five different weave densities. In accordance with the experimental test results, both regression analysis and fuzzy logic system were built. The air permeability results generated from the developed fuzzy model and the regression equations were compared with the experimental values. Satisfactory and accurate prediction results were obtained with the developed fuzzy logic model. The mean absolute error of the fuzzy model and regression analysis were found to be 2.32%, 12.59%, respectively. Therefore, it was confirmed that the fuzzy model was superior in predicting air permeability.
Modal analysis of 3D needled waste cotton fiber/epoxy composites with experimental and numerical methods
Authors: Lu Linlin , Fan Wei , Meng Xue , Liu Tao , Han Ling , Zhang Tao , Dong Jingjing , Yuan Linjia , Tian Huixia
Published: July 2020

The small-size microstructure models of the 3D needled waste cotton fiber/epoxy composites (3DNWCFCs) were brought out to predict their key vibration parameters (natural frequency and mode shapes) with the finite element analysis method. Six kinds of 3DNWCFCs with different parameters were prepared and tested by the experimental modal analysis method to verify the accuracy of the prediction of the natural frequencies and mode shapes with the finite element method. The effects of the fiber volume content and needling density of the composites on the modal behavior were investigated. The natural frequency of the cantilever beams of the composites increased with the increase of the fiber volume content and increased at first then decreased with the increasing needling density. The effect of needling density on the vibration properties of the composite depended on the degree of damage and entanglement of Z-direction fibers. The comparative analysis of the finite element analysis and the experimental results showed that the small-size microstructure models of the 3DNWCFCs were effective to predict their vibration parameters. Therefore, the small-size finite element models can be used to predict the modal properties of the staple fiber reinforced composites effectively with less time and lower economic costs.
Government debt, land financing and distributive justice in China
Authors: Cai Meina , Fan Jianyong , Ye Chunhui , Zhang Qi
Published: July 2020

Massive funds that are necessary to finance China’s capital-intensive urbanisation are channelled through Local Government Financing Vehicles (LGFVs), which are established by local governments to circumvent the prohibition on borrowing. This study examines LGFV development and how this land financing development strategy influences villagers. We argue that China’s discriminatory land property system and the feature of land being a captive asset allow local governments to transfer their debt pressure to land-losing villagers. Specifically, we find that more indebted local governments take a more extractive approach by paying land-losing villagers less compensation, suggesting the intrinsic connections of the local state, land-centred local public finance and society in China’s urban transformation. Our findings suggest that local governments can be developmental and predatory at the same time. Our arguments are developed using data that combine a self-compiled data set on LGFV debt with the China Household Finance Surveys. It systematically examines the connections between land financing via LGFVs and land-losing villagers. It contributes to a better understanding of the debt-fuelled urbanisation in China and, more broadly, of how the state intervenes in the economy and impacts distributive justice in developing and transition economies.
Governing for and through harmonious community: The emergence of moral clinics in China
Authors: Zhang Shaoying , McGhee Derek
Published: July 2020

In this article, we advocate the adoption of ‘more temporal and processual characters’ to understand contemporary community governance in China. We show that communities in China are seen both as producing moral problems and as being the solutions to these problems. Furthermore, we argue that the establishment of the moral clinic provides an alternative to neoliberal ways of self-governance. In the article, we present moral clinics as a new form of community self-governance whose aim is to achieve a complex balance between various conflicts in the context of China’s unprecedented urbanisation in the name of governing for and through community harmony. Through examining the establishment of moral clinics, we expose how the relationship between the moral ‘hospitalisation’ of society and the socialisation of individuals can be understood in new ways. We argue that the institutionalisation of this ‘moral work’ is a strategy based on old techniques of Chinese traditional medicine that are being enhanced by modern organisational settings. In addition, we examine the micropolitics of the moral clinic through exposing the power relations behind its structural design, and especially its links with the state.
Disentangling Promotive and Buffering Protection: Exploring the Interface Between Risk and Protective Factors in Recidivism of Adult Convicted Males
Authors: Guay Jean-Pierre , Parent Geneviève , Benbouriche Massil
Published: July 2020

The quality of risk assessment instruments has improved greatly during the last 40 years. While assessing protective factors has become common practice, with some instruments now devoted entirely to such assessments, little is known about the effect of risk and protective factors on recidivism. The present study investigates the effects (promotive or buffering protective) of protective factors captured by the LS/CMI for a sample of 18,031 convicted adult males under the supervision of provincial services in Canada. Effects of protective factors and possible interactions between risk and protective factors were investigated using moderation analyses. Results indicate that protective factors can be both promotive and buffering protective for risk and that the benefits of protective factors are related to the risk to which people are exposed. Patterns of protective effects appear to differ for general and violent recidivism. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
Application of geothermal thermometric scale in the study of deep reservoir temperature
Authors: Kai Bian , Xiaojun Niu , Weimin Wang , Xiaojun Wang , Yu Pang , Panchal Balaji
Published: July 2020

The aim of this work is to determine the thermal storage temperature of a deep thermal reservoir, which has a great significance for the effective utilization of geothermal resources. The temperature of the reservoir was estimated by the cation ratio geothermometer and SiO2 geothermometer methods. The results indicate that the K–Mg geothermometer is the best method of the cation ratio methods, with the calculated temperature of 108°C. The average value calculated by the SiO2 method was 107°C. The measured temperature of the GRY1 drilling water sample in the Cangxian arch belt was 108°C. Because the calculated results of the geothermometers were consistent with the measured value of the borehole water, the K–Mg and SiO2 geothermometers are suitable for the estimation of deep heat storage temperatures.
Audit Office Industry Diversity and Audit Quality
Authors: Beardsley Erik L. , Goldman Nathan C. , Omer Thomas C.
Published: July 2020

This study examines the association between the industry diversity of an audit office and audit quality, where industry diversity is the extent to which clients differ by industry classification. We find a negative association between industry diversity and audit quality that is robust to controlling for other audit office and client characteristics. We observe this association while holding the level of audit office specialization or expertise in a particular industry constant. The association is most apparent at the low end of the distribution of industry diversity, where audit offices with the least diverse client portfolios have the highest audit quality. We also find that the association exists for both small and large audit offices as well as both industry specialists and non-industry specialists. However, we do not observe the association when the office audits clusters of clients, where clusters are three or more clients in the same industry.
Analyst Following and Forecast Accuracy After Eliminating the 20-F Reconciliation Between IFRS and U.S. GAAP
Authors: Li Wen , Zhang Huai
Published: July 2020

In 2007, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) decided to allow foreign private issuers to file financial statements prepared according to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) without reconciliation to U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). Using a sample of foreign private issuers from 35 countries/regions during the period of 2005 to 2008, this article investigates how the elimination of the 20-F reconciliation affects financial analysts. We find that it significantly reduces analyst coverage but has no impact on forecast accuracy. We show that analysts who are greatly affected are more likely to terminate their coverage of IFRS firms after the SEC’s rule than other analysts. In addition, we hypothesize and find that eliminating the 20-F reconciliation has a greater impact on firms whose 20-F reconciliation is more useful to analysts. For these firms, the elimination of the 20-F reconciliation significantly reduces both analyst coverage and forecast accuracy. Overall, our results suggest that the elimination of the 20-F reconciliation imposes costs on financial analysts.
Gendered Expectations, Gatekeeping, and Consumption in Craft Beer Spaces
Authors: Nanney Maggie , Chapman Nathaniel G. , Lellock J. Slade , Mikles-Schluterman Julie
Published: July 2020

While women are drinking more craft beer in the United States, the association between masculinity and beer remains intact. Yet sparse research has considered how involvement in craft beer culture may differ across public and elite beer spaces. Public spaces are open settings such as bars or breweries, and elite settings are more closed settings such as bottle shares and beer clubs. In this article, we analyze a questionnaire of 1,102 craft beer drinkers to compare the ways that men and women gain and enact cultural legitimacy within different craft beer spaces. Our focus on public and elite consumption spaces generates two interconnected insights. First, in public spaces, men are assumed to have a natural basic beer knowledge. Women, however, are dismissed as “not real beer drinkers” through men’s gatekeeping. Second, within elite spaces, both men and women must prove their belonging as elite drinkers and ultimately navigate gatekeeping mechanisms. As a result, our work extends consumption and gender literature by showing how inclusive cultural movements rest on the gendering of contextually specific knowledge and the policing of elite status and prestige in public and elite leisure spaces.
Humanly Extended Automation or the Future of Work Seen through Amazon Patents
Authors: Delfanti Alessandro , Frey Bronwyn
Published: July 2020

Amazon’s projects for future automation contribute to anxieties about the marginalization of living labor in warehousing. Yet, a systematic analysis of patents owned by Amazon suggests that workers are not about to disappear from the warehouse floor. Many patents portray machines that increase worker surveillance and work rhythms. Others aim at incorporating workers’ activities into machinery to rationalize the labor process in an ever more pervasive form of digital Taylorism. Patents materialize the company’s desire for a technological future in which workers act and sense on behalf of machinery, becoming its living and sensing appendages. In this new relationship, humans extend machinery and its reach. Through the work-in-progress process of reaching increasing levels of automation, Amazon develops new technical foundations that consolidate its power in the digital workplace.
Mean length of utterance among Mandarin-speaking children with and without DLD
Authors: Wu Shang-Yu
Published: July 2020

This study explored the differences in mean length of utterance (MLU) and mean length of the five longest utterances (MLU5) between 5–6-year-old Mandarin-speaking children, and between typically developing children and children with developmental language disorders (DLD). Eighty-nine typically developing children and 35 children with a DLD participated in this study. The researchers collected, transcribed, and analysed language samples from these children. MLU and MLU5 were analysed and compared between the groups. The results showed that MLU and MLU5 were significantly higher for 6-year-olds than 5-year-olds. Also, both MLU measures were significantly lower for children with DLD than for typically developing children. The findings demonstrate that MLU and MLU5 can be used to evaluate language ability and to identify children with DLD among Mandarin-speaking children aged 5 and 6 years.
Computed tomography angiography as an adjunct to computational fluid dynamics for prediction of oxygenator thrombus formation
Authors: Conway Robert G , Zhang Jiafeng , Jeudy Jean , Evans Charles , Li Tieluo , Wu Zhongjun Jon , Griffith Bartley P
Published: July 2020

Introduction:

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit performance can be compromised by oxygenator thrombosis. Stagnant blood flow in the oxygenator can increase the risk of thrombus formation. To minimize thrombogenic potential, computational fluid dynamics is frequently applied for identification of stagnant flow conditions. We investigate the use of computed tomography angiography to identify flow patterns associated with thrombus formation.

Methods:

A computed tomography angiography was performed on a Quadrox D oxygenator, and video densitometric parameters associated with flow stagnation were measured from the acquired videos. Computational fluid dynamics analysis of the same oxygenator was performed to establish computational fluid dynamics–based flow characteristics. Forty-one Quadrox D oxygenators were sectioned following completion of clinical use. Section images were analyzed with software to determine oxygenator clot burden. Linear regression was used to correlate clot burden to computed tomography angiography and computational fluid dynamics–based flow characteristics.

Results:

Clot burden from the explanted oxygenators demonstrated a well-defined pattern, with the largest clot burden at the corner opposite the blood inlet and outlet. The regression model predicted clot burden by region of interest as a function of time to first opacification on computed tomography angiography (R2 = 0.55). The explanted oxygenator clot burden map agreed well with the computed tomography angiography predicted clot burden map. The computational fluid dynamics parameter of residence time, when summed in the Z-direction, was partially predictive of clot burden (R2 = 0.35).

Conclusion:

In the studied oxygenator, clot burden follows a pattern consistent with clinical observations. Computed tomography angiography–based flow analysis provides a useful adjunct to computational fluid dynamics–based flow analysis in understanding oxygenator thrombus formation.
Factors associated with long-term survival in patients with stroke after coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Wagner Brandie D. , Grunwald Gary K. , Hossein Almassi G. , Li Xinli , Grover Frederick L. , Shroyer A. Laurie W.
Published: July 2020

Objective

Occurrence of a stroke within 30 days following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is an uncommon, but often devastating, complication. This study aimed to identify factors associated with long-term survival (beyond 30 days) in patients with stroke after CABG.

Methods

De-identified patients’ records from the Veterans Affairs Surgical Quality Improvement Program database were used to identify risk factors and perioperative complications associated with survival for up to 20 years in patients with post-CABG stroke. The multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was used for analyzing survival.

Results

The median survival time for patients with stroke (n = 1422) was 6.7 years. The mortality rate for these patients was highest in the first year post-CABG and was significantly elevated compared with non-stroke patients. Survival rates at 1, 5, and 10 years for stroke versus non-stroke patients were 79% vs. 96%, 58% vs. 83%, and 36% vs. 63%, respectively. High preoperative serum creatinine levels, postoperative occurrence of renal failure, prolonged ventilation, coma, and reoperation for bleeding were important predictors of 1-year mortality of patients with post-CABG stroke.

Conclusions

Veterans with post-CABG stroke have a considerably higher risk for mortality during the first year compared with patients without stroke.
Endothelial activation and dysfunction in metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Hayden Melvin R.
Published: July 2020

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection is a serious global concern. Increased morbidity and mortality is associated with older age, male gender, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and smoking. As COVID-19 spreads from coastal borders, both state to state and country to country, our understanding of its pathophysiology has evolved. Age and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) play especially important roles in COVID-19 progression. T2DM is an age-related disease associated with metabolic syndrome, obesity, insulin resistance (hyperinsulinemia), hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and endothelial activation and dysfunction. This review evaluates the relationships and intersection between endothelial cell activation and dysfunction in T2DM and COVID-19. COVID-19 induces multiple injuries of the terminal bronchioles and alveolar blood-gas barrier and associated ultrastructural tissue remodeling. COVID-19 may unmask multiple vulnerabilities associated with T2DM including damage to the endothelial glycocalyx and multiple end-organ macro and microvascular diseases. Unmasking existing vulnerabilities in diabetic patients with COVID-19 is important. Globally, we must come together to better understand why T2DM is associated with increased COVID-19 morbidity and mortality.
Vitamin D levels in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma/diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma
Authors: Graklanov Vasko , Popov Veselin
Published: July 2020

Purpose

To investigate serum vitamin D levels in patients newly diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma/diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (NHL-DLBCL), multiple myeloma (MM) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).

Patients and methods

We measured serum levels of vitamin D by ELISA in 103 patients prior to initiation of treatment, of whom 37 were diagnosed with MM, 32 with CLL and 34 with NHL-DLBCL.

Results

Suboptimal serum vitamin D levels (<30 ng/mL) were observed in all 103 patients. In 14 patients, serum vitamin D levels were between 20 and 30 ng/mL, while all other patients had vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL). Severe vitamin D deficiency (<10 ng/mL) was observed in 32.3% of NHL-DLBCL patients, 28.1% of CLL patients and 81% of MM patients.

Conclusion

We observed low serum vitamin D levels in the majority of patients newly diagnosed with NHL-DLBCL, CLL and MM.
Guidelines of the International Headache Society for controlled trials of preventive treatment of migraine attacks in episodic migraine in adults
Authors: Diener Hans-Christoph , Tassorelli Cristina , Dodick David W , Silberstein Stephan D , Lipton Richard B , Ashina Messoud , Becker Werner J , Ferrari Michel D , Goadsby Peter J , Pozo-Rosich Patricia , Wang Shuu-Jiun , Houle Timothy T , Hoek Thomas C van den , Martinelli Daniele , Terwindt Gisela M ,   on behalf of the International Headache Society Clinical Trials Committee
Published: July 2020

Clinical trials are a key component of the evidence base for the treatment of headache disorders. In 1991, the International Headache Society Clinical Trials Standing Committee developed and published the first edition of the Guidelines for Controlled Trials of Drugs in Migraine. Advances in drugs, devices, and biologicals, as well as novel trial designs, have prompted several updates over the nearly 30 years since, including most recently the Guidelines for controlled trials of preventive treatment of chronic migraine (2018), the Guidelines for controlled trials of acute treatment of migraine attacks in adults (2019), and Guidelines for controlled trials of preventive treatment of migraine in children and adolescents (2019). The present update incorporates findings from new research and is intended to optimize the design of controlled trials of preventive pharmacological treatment of episodic migraine in adults. A guideline for clinical trials with devices will be published separately.
Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation for primary headache: A clinical update
Authors: Silberstein Stephen D , Yuan Hsiangkuo , Najib Umer , Ailani Jessica , Morais Andreia Lopes de , Mathew Paul G , Liebler Eric , Tassorelli Cristina , Diener Hans-Christoph
Published: July 2020

Background

Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) is a proven treatment for cluster headache and migraine. Several possible mechanisms of action by which nVNS mitigates headache have been identified.

Methods

We conducted a narrative review of recent scientific and clinical research into nVNS for headache, including findings from mechanistic studies and their possible relationships to the clinical effects of nVNS.

Results

Findings from animal and human studies have provided possible mechanistic explanations for nVNS efficacy in headache involving four core areas: Autonomic nervous system functions; cortical spreading depression inhibition; neurotransmitter regulation; and nociceptive modulation. We discuss how overlap and interplay among these areas may underlie the utility of nVNS in the context of clinical evidence supporting its safety and efficacy as acute and preventive therapy for both cluster headache and migraine. Possible future nVNS applications are also discussed.

Conclusion

Significant progress over the past several years has yielded valuable mechanistic and clinical evidence that, combined with the excellent safety and tolerability profile of nVNS, suggests that it should be considered a first-line treatment for both acute and preventive treatment of cluster headache, an effective option for acute treatment of migraine, and a highly relevant, practical option for migraine prevention.
Googling migraine: A study of Google as an information resource of migraine management
Authors: Bojazar Rachid , Do Thien Phu , Hansen Jakob Møller , Dodick David W , Ashina Messoud
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Health information is one of the most frequently searched topics on the internet. In this observational cross-sectional study, we evaluated the content of the highest indexed Google search results related to migraine management.

Methods

We identified the five most used search terms related to migraine management via Google Trends in the time period 1 January 2004 to 2 October 2019. We entered each search term into Google’s search engine and retrieved the search results from the first three pages from each search query. We stratified the recommended treatment options and evaluated the websites using the DISCERN tool.

Results

In total, 73 unique websites recommended a total of 77 different migraine treatment options, consisting of 35 (45%) acute and 42 (55%) preventive treatments. For acute treatments, pharmacological options were more frequently recommended (88% of websites), whereas non-pharmacological options were more frequent among preventive treatments (67%). Evaluation of the consumer health information using the DISCERN tool showed that non-governmental organizations had the highest mean total score with 3.8 (±0.19).

Conclusions

Googling when looking for migraine treatments reveals a multitude of management proposals of varying quality. Non-governmental organizations provide the overall highest quality of written consumer health information on migraine treatments among search results. We encourage stakeholders to optimize and distribute high-quality and peer-reviewed information on migraine management.