bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deciphering the Endophytic and Rhizospheric Microbial Communities of a Metallophyte Commelina communis in Different Cu-Polluted Soils
Authors: He Li , Ren Yanzhen , Zeng Weimin , Wu Xueling , Shen Li , Yu Runlan , Liu Yuandong , Li Jiaokun
Published: August 2021

Metallophytes microbiota play a key role in plant growth and resistance to heavy metal stress. Comparing to the well-studied single or some specific plant growth-promoting (PGP) bacterial strains, our current understanding of the structural and functional variations of microbiome of metallophytes is still limited. Here, we systematically investigated the endophytic and rhizosphere bacterial community profiles of a metallophyte Commelina communis growing in different Cu-polluted soils by high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that the rhizosphere communities of C. communis exhibited a much higher level of diversity and richness than the endosphere communities. Meanwhile, shifts in the bacterial community composition were observed between the rhizosphere and endosphere of C. communis, indicating plant compartment was a strong driver for the divergence between rhizosphere and endosphere community. Among the environmental factors, soil Cu content, followed by OM, TP and TN, played major roles in shaping the bacterial community structure of C. communis. At the highly Cu-contaminated site, Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas were the predominant genera in the endophytic and rhizospheric bacterial communities, respectively, which might enhance copper tolerance as PGP bacteria. In summary, our findings will be useful to better understand metallophyte–microbe interactions and select suitable bacterial taxa when facilitating phytoremediation.
In Vivo Confirmation of the Antimicrobial Effect of Probiotic Candidates against Gardnerella vaginalis
Authors: Kim Hyemin , Kim YongGyeong , Kang Chang-Ho
Published: August 2021

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is caused by a microbial imbalance of the vaginal ecosystem, causing genital discomfort and potentially even various complications in women. Moreover, research on the treatment or prevention of BV is increasing. In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial and anti-inflammation effects of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) Ligilactobacillus salivarius MG242, Limosilactobacillus fermentum MG901, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MG989 in a BV-induced mice model. The oral administration of the LAB significantly inhibited the growth of Gardnerella vaginalis up to 43% (p < 0.05). The LAB downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) and myeloperoxidase (p < 0.05). Upon histological examination, the exfoliation of epithelial cells in the vaginal tissues was found to be reduced in the probiotic administration group compared to the infected group. In addition, the LAB tolerated the gastric and/or intestinal simulated conditions and proliferated, showing potential in promoting health based on hemolysis activity, antibiotic susceptibility, enzyme activity, and lactic acid production. Altogether, our results showed that the investigated LAB may be a good food ingredient candidate for ameliorating BV in women.
Comprehensive Profiling of Microbiologically Induced CaCO3 Precipitation by Ureolytic Bacillus Isolates from Alkaline Soils
Authors: Šovljanski Olja , Pezo Lato , Stanojev Jovana , Bajac Branimir , Kovač Sabina , Tóth Elvira , Ristić Ivan , Tomić Ana , Ranitović Aleksandra , Cvetković Dragoljub , Markov Siniša
Published: August 2021

Microbiologically induced CaCO3 precipitation (MICP) is a well-known bio-based solution with application in environmental, geotechnical, and civil engineering. The significance of the MICP has increased explorations of process efficiency and specificity via natural bacterial isolates. In this study, comprehensive profiling of five soil ureolytic Bacillus strains was performed through a newly formed procedure that involved six steps from selection and identification, through kinetic study, to the characterization of the obtained precipitates, for the first time. To shorten the whole selection procedure of 43 bioagents with the MICP potential, Standard Score Analysis was performed and five selected bacteria were identified as Bacillus muralis, B. lentus, B. simplex, B. firmus, and B. licheniformis by the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Despite following the targeted activity, kinetic studies were included important aspects of ureolysis and the MICP such as cell concentration, pH profiling, and reduction in calcium ion concentration. At the final step, characterization of the obtained precipitates was performed using FTIR, XRD, Raman, DTA/TGA, and SEM analysis. Although all tested strains showed significant potential in terms of precipitation of calcite or calcite and vaterite phase, the main differences in the MICP behavior can be observed at the bacterial strain level. B. licheniformis showed favorable behavior compared to the reference Sporosarcina pasteurii DSM 33.
Polyphenols Content and In Vitro α-Glycosidase Activity of Different Italian Monofloral Honeys, and Their Effect on Selected Pathogenic and Probiotic Bacteria
Authors: Fratianni Florinda , Ombra Maria Neve , d’Acierno Antonio , Caputo Lucia , Amato Giuseppe , De Feo Vincenzo , Coppola Raffaele , Nazzaro Filomena
Published: August 2021

We evaluated the polyphenol content and the α-glucosidase activity exhibited by different monofloral honeys of Italian origin. Their capacity to act on different pathogenic (Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus) as well as probiotic bacteria (Lacticaseibacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus gasseri, and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus) was also assessed. Total polyphenols varied between 110.46 μg/g of fresh product (rhododendron honey) and 552.29 μg/g of fresh product (strawberry tree honey). Such result did not correspond to a parallel inhibitory α-glycosidase activity that, in each case was never higher than 33 μg/mL. Honeys were differently capable to fight the biofilm formation of the pathogens (inhibition up to 93.27%); they inhibited the in vitro adhesive process (inhibition up to 84.27%), and acted on mature biofilm (with values up to 76.64%). Their effect on bacterial metabolism was different too. Honeys were ineffective to inhibit E. coli mature biofilm nor to act on its metabolism. The action of the honey on probiotic strains seemed almost always stimulate their growth. Thus, these monofloral honeys might exhibit effects on human health and act positively as prebiotics.
Assessment of Ecotoxicity of Incinerated Sewage Sludge Ash (ISSA)
Authors: Kępys Waldemar , Śliwka Małgorzata , Pawul Małgorzata
Published: August 2021

Combustion in fluidised bed boilers is one of the most commonly used methods of treatment of municipal sewage sludge. Fly ash (FA) and air pollution control (APC) residues are the solid by-products generated by flue gas treatment. There are significant differences in the chemical composition of these wastes. FA is composed of mainly SiO2, P2O5, CaO and metals such as Zn, Ti, Cu, Cr, Pb and Ni. APC residues mainly contain SO3 and Na2O. The leachability tests that were carried out indicate that these wastes display very low leachability of heavy metals (for example leachability of Pb was equal 0.0004 mg·dm−3 in both wastes, leachability of Cd was equal 0.0012 mg·dm−3 in FA an 0.00004 mg·dm−3 in APC). On the other hand, very high sulphate concentrations (49,375 mg·dm−3) were found in water extract for the APC residues. In order to determine the toxicity of these wastes for plants, pot experiments with different additions of waste to the soil were carried out (on Lepidium sativum and Sinapis alba). Tests based on seeds germinations (on Lepidium sativum) in water extracts from waste (in different concentrations) were also performed. The results obtained indicate the very high toxicity of APC residues. Complete inhibition of germination and growth of the test plants was found for all concentrations of the tested waste in water extract and for all additions of waste to the soil in pot experiments. Seed germination tests on water extracts from FA did not show any toxicity of this waste. Pot tests with FA showed their toxicity only with a high (30%) addition in soil.
Selective Disintegration Justification Based on the Mineralogical and Technological Features of the Polymetallic Ores
Authors: Aleksandrova Tatiana , Nikolaeva Nadezhda , Afanasova Anastasia , Romashev Artyem , Kuznetsov Valentin
Published: August 2021

Deterioration of mineralogical and physical characteristics of mineral raw materials results in the formation of the primary task for the comminution processes—reduction in the size of ore to obtain a material with a certain granulometric composition, which in turn is achieved by overgrinding of raw materials and, consequently, an increase in energy costs. The work aimed to justify the possibility of selective disintegration of mineral assemblages of polymetallic ores of various genesis at the stage of crushing based on in-depth investigation and revealing of interrelation and mutual influence of mineralogical-geochemical features, textural-structural and technological properties. Structural and textural features have been studied by the methods of computed X-ray microtomography. Experimental and theoretical investigations of mineralogical and technological parameters of raw materials, as well as research on crushing using different types of crushers, made it possible to substantiate the possibility of selective disintegration for polymetallic ores.
Theoretical Investigation on Rare Earth Elements of Y, Nd and La Atoms’ Adsorption on the Kaolinite (001) and (001¯) Surfaces
Authors: Zhao Jian , Wang Zheng , Gao Wei , Wang Yi-Fei , Huang Bo-Wen
Published: August 2021

With the growing demand of rare earth elements, the recovery of rare earth elements is a major issue for researchers in related fields. Adsorption technology is one of the most effective and popular recovery methods. Therefore, the adsorption mechanism of Yttrium (Y), Neodymium (Nd), and Lanthanum (La) atoms on the kaolinite (001) and (001¯) surfaces was examined by density functional theory (DFT). The most stable adsorption sites on the kaolinite (001) surface for Y atoms was the bridge site, and the hollow site was the most favorable adsorption site for Nd and La atoms with high adsorption energy. However, the adsorption energies of kaolinite (001¯) surface sites for Y, Nd, and La atoms were much lower than the (001) surface sites, indicating that the adsorption capability of the hydroxylated (001) surface is stronger. The effects of coverage on adsorption position, energy, and structures were entirely investigated on top, bridge, and hollow sites of the kaolinite (001) surface from 0.11 to 1.0 monolayers (ML). The adsorption energy of Y, Nd, and La atoms on three kinds of sites increased with increasing of the coverage implied the stronger capability of surface adsorption. The recovery capability of kaolinite for the rare earth atoms was in the order of La > Nd > Y. The changes in the atomic structure, charge density, and electron density of states for Y, Nd, and La/kaolinite (001) before and after adsorption were also analyzed in depth.
Supercritical CO2 Assisted Impregnation of Ibuprofen on Medium-Chain-Length Polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHA)
Authors: Meneses Liane , Craveiro Rita , Jesus Ana Rita , Reis Maria A. M. , Freitas Filomena , Paiva Alexandre
Published: August 2021

In this work, we propose the utilization of scCO2 to impregnate ibuprofen into the mcl-PHA matrix produced by Pseudomonas chlororaphis subs. aurantiaca (DSM 19603). The biopolymer has adhesive properties, is biocompatible and has a melting temperature of 45 °C. Several conditions, namely, pressure (15 and 20 MPa) and impregnation time (30 min, 1 h and 3 h) were tested. The highest ibuprofen content (90.8 ± 6.5 mg of ibuprofen/gPHA) was obtained at 20 MPa and 40 °C, for 1 h, with an impregnation rate of 89 mg/(g·h). The processed mcl-PHA samples suffered a plasticization, as shown by the decrease of 6.5 °C in the Tg, at 20 MPa. The polymer’s crystallinity was also affected concomitantly with the matrices’ ibuprofen content. For all the impregnation conditions tested the release of ibuprofen from the biopolymer followed a type II release profile. This study has demonstrated that the mcl-PHA produced by P. chlororaphis has a great potential for the development of novel topical drug delivery systems.
Chemical Characterization and Anti-HIV-1 Activity Assessment of Iridoids and Flavonols from Scrophularia trifoliata
Authors: Guzzo Francesca , Russo Rosita , Sanna Cinzia , Celaj Odeta , Caredda Alessia , Corona Angela , Tramontano Enzo , Fiorentino Antonio , Esposito Francesca , D’Abrosca Brigida
Published: August 2021

Plants are the everlasting source of a wide spectrum of specialized metabolites, characterized by wide variability in term of chemical structures and different biological properties such antiviral activity. In the search for novel antiviral agents against Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) from plants, the phytochemical investigation of Scrophularia trifoliata L. led us to isolate and characterize four flavonols glycosides along with nine iridoid glycosides, two of them, 5 and 13, described for the first time. In the present study, we investigated, for the first time, the contents of a methanol extract of S. trifoliata leaves, in order to explore the potential antiviral activity against HIV-1. The antiviral activity was evaluated in biochemical assays for the inhibition of HIV-1Reverse Transcriptase (RT)-associated Ribonuclease H (RNase H) activity and HIV-1 Integrase (IN). Three isolated flavonoids, rutin, kaempferol-7-O-rhamnosyl-3-O-glucopyranoside, and kaempferol-3-O-glucopyranoside, 8–10, inhibited specifically the HIV-1 IN activity at submicromolar concentration, with the latter being the most potent, showing an IC50 value of 24 nM.
Novel Putative Positive Modulators of α4β2 nAChRs Potentiate Nicotine Reward-Related Behavior
Authors: Cooper Skylar Y. , Akers Austin T. , Journigan Velvet Blair , Henderson Brandon J.
Published: August 2021

The popular tobacco and e-cigarette chemical flavorant (−)-menthol acts as a nonselective, noncompetitive antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), and contributes to multiple physiological effects that exacerbates nicotine addiction-related behavior. Menthol is classically known as a TRPM8 agonist; therefore, some have postulated that TRPM8 antagonists may be potential candidates for novel nicotine cessation pharmacotherapies. Here, we examine a novel class of TRPM8 antagonists for their ability to alter nicotine reward-related behavior in a mouse model of conditioned place preference. We found that these novel ligands enhanced nicotine reward-related behavior in a mouse model of conditioned place preference. To gain an understanding of the potential mechanism, we examined these ligands on mouse α4β2 nAChRs transiently transfected into neuroblastoma-2a cells. Using calcium flux assays, we determined that these ligands act as positive modulators (PMs) on α4β2 nAChRs. Due to α4β2 nAChRs’ important role in nicotine dependence, as well as various neurological disorders including Parkinson’s disease, the identification of these ligands as α4β2 nAChR PMs is an important finding, and they may serve as novel molecular tools for future nAChR-related investigations.
Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship Evaluation of MDA-MB-231 Cell Anti-Proliferative Leads
Authors: Gandhi Ajaykumar , Masand Vijay , Zaki Magdi E. A. , Al-Hussain Sami A. , Ghorbal Anis Ben , Chapolikar Archana
Published: August 2021

In the present endeavor, for the dataset of 219 in vitro MDA-MB-231 TNBC cell antagonists, a (QSAR) quantitative structure–activity relationships model has been carried out. The quantitative and explicative assessments were performed to identify inconspicuous yet pre-eminent structural features that govern the anti-tumor activity of these compounds. GA-MLR (genetic algorithm multi-linear regression) methodology was employed to build statistically robust and highly predictive multiple QSAR models, abiding by the OECD guidelines. Thoroughly validated QSAR models attained values for various statistical parameters well above the threshold values (i.e., R2 = 0.79, Q2LOO = 0.77, Q2LMO = 0.76–0.77, Q2-Fn = 0.72–0.76). Both de novo QSAR models have a sound balance of descriptive and statistical approaches. Decidedly, these QSAR models are serviceable in the development of MDA-MB-231 TNBC cell antagonists.
Evaluation of the Free Radical Scavenging Activities of Ellagic Acid and Ellagic Acid Peracetate by EPR Spectrometry
Authors: Kumar Ajit , Kaushik Preeti , Incerpi Sandra , Pedersen Jens Z. , Goel Sanjay , Prasad Ashok K. , Rohil Vishwajeet , Parmar Virinder S. , Saso Luciano , Len Christophe
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities of ellagic acid (EA) and ellagic acid peracetate (EAPA) by measuring their reactions with the radicals, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and galvinoxyl using EPR spectroscopy. We have also evaluated the influence of EA and EAPA on the ROS production in L-6 myoblasts and rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation catalyzed by NADPH. The results obtained clearly indicated that EA has tremendous ability to scavenge free radicals, even at concentration of 1 µM. Interestingly even in the absence of esterase, EAPA, the acetylated product of EA, was also found to be a good scavenger but at a relatively slower rate. Kinetic studies revealed that both EA and EAPA have ability to scavenge free radicals at the concentrations of 1 µM over extended periods of time. In cellular systems, EA and EAPA were found to have similar potentials for the inhibition of ROS production in L-6 myoblasts and NADPH-dependent catalyzed microsomal lipid peroxidation.
Naturally Derived Silicone Surfactants Based on Saccharides and Cysteamine
Authors: Lusterio Adrien , Brook Michael A.
Published: August 2021

Silicone surfactants are widely used in many industries and mostly rely on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as the hydrophile. This can be disadvantageous because commercial PEG examples vary significantly in polydispersity—constraining control over surface activity of the surfactant—and there are environmental concerns associated with PEG. Herein, we report a three-step synthetic method for the preparation of saccharide-silicone surfactants using the natural linker, cysteamine, and saccharide lactones. The Piers–Rubinsztajn plus thiol-ene plus amidation process is attractive for several reasons: if employed in the correct synthetic order, it allows for precise tailoring of both hydrophobe and hydrophile; it permits the ready utilization of natural hydrophiles cysteamine and saccharides in combination with silicones, which have significantly better environmental profiles than PEG; and the products exhibit interesting surface activities.
Initial Decomposition Mechanism of 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) under Shock Loading: ReaxFF Parameterization and Molecular Dynamic Study
Authors: Du Lixiaosong , Jin Shaohua , Nie Pengsong , She Chongchong , Wang Junfeng
Published: August 2021

We report a reactive molecular dynamic (ReaxFF-MD) study using the newly parameterized ReaxFF-lg reactive force field to explore the initial decomposition mechanism of 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) under shock loading (shock velocity >6 km/s). The new ReaxFF-lg parameters were trained from massive quantum mechanics data and experimental values, especially including the bond dissociation curves, valence angle bending curves, dihedral angle torsion curves, and unimolecular decomposition paths of 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), 1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and 1,1-Diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7). The simulation results were obtained by analyzing the ReaxFF dynamic trajectories, which predicted the most frequent chain reactions that occurred before NTO decomposition was the unimolecular NTO merged into clusters ((C2H2O3N4)n). Then, the NTO dissociated from (C2H2O3N4)n and started to decompose. In addition, the paths of NO2 elimination and skeleton heterocycle cleavage were considered as the dominant initial decomposition mechanisms of NTO. A small amount of NTO dissociation was triggered by the intermolecular hydrogen transfer, instead of the intramolecular one. For α-NTO, the calculated equation of state was in excellent agreement with the experimental data. Moreover, the discontinuity slope of the shock-particle velocity equation was presented at a shock velocity of 4 km/s. However, the slope of the shock-particle velocity equation for β-NTO showed no discontinuity in the shock wave velocity range of 3–11 km/s. These studies showed that MD by using a suitable ReaxFF-lg parameter set, could provided detailed atomistic information to explain the shock-induced complex reaction mechanisms of energetic materials. With the ReaxFF-MD coupling MSST method and a cheap computational cost, one could also obtain the deformation behaviors and equation of states for energetic materials under conditions of extreme pressure.
Magnetic Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon Nanocomposite for Pb(II) Adsorption from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Alzahrani Fatimah Mohammed , Alsaiari Norah Salem , Katubi Khadijah Mohammedsaleh , Amari Abdelfattah , Elkhaleefa Abubakr M. , Rebah Faouzi Ben , Tahoon Mohamed A.
Published: August 2021

We report in the present study the in situ formation of magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4 or Fe) within porous N-doped carbon (Fe3O4/N@C) via simple impregnation, polymerization, and calcination sequentially. The synthesized nanocomposite structural properties were investigated using different techniques showing its good construction. The formed nanocomposite showed a saturation magnetization (Ms) of 23.0 emu g−1 due to the implanted magnetic nanoparticles and high surface area from the porous N-doped carbon. The nanocomposite was formed as graphite-type layers. The well-synthesized nanocomposite showed a high adsorption affinity toward Pb2+ toxic ions. The nanosorbent showed a maximum adsorption capacity of 250.0 mg/g toward the Pb2+ metallic ions at pH of 5.5, initial Pb2+ concentration of 180.0 mg/L, and room temperature. Due to its superparamagnetic characteristics, an external magnet was used for the fast separation of the nanocomposite. This enabled the study of the nanocomposite reusability toward Pb2+ ions, showing good chemical stability even after six cycles. Subsequently, Fe3O4/N@C nanocomposite was shown to have excellent efficiency for the removal of toxic Pb2+ ions from water.
Study of Titanium–Silver Monolayer and Multilayer Films for Protective Applications in Biomedical Devices
Authors: Mina-Aponzá Sebastián , Castro-Narváez Sandra Patricia , Caicedo-Bejarano Luz Dary , Bermeo-Acosta Franklin
Published: August 2021

The search for coatings that extend the useful life of biomedical devices has been of great interest, and titanium has been of great relevance due to its innocuousness and low reactivity. This study contributes to the investigation of Ti/Ag films in different configurations (monolayer and multilayer) deposited by magnetron sputtering. The sessile droplet technique was applied to study wettability; greater film penetrability was obtained when Ag is the external layer, conferring high efficiency in cell adhesion. The morphological properties were characterized by SEM, which showed porous nuclei on the surface in the Ag coating and crystals embedded in the Ti film. The structural properties were studied by XRD, revealing the presence of TiO2 in the anatase crystalline phase in a proportion of 49.9% and the formation of a silver cubic network centered on the faces. Tafel polarization curves demonstrated improvements in the corrosion current densities of Ag/Ti/Ag/Ti/Ag/Ti/Ag/Ti and Ti/Ag compared to the Ag coating, with values of 0.1749, 0.4802, and 2.044 nA.m−2, respectively. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis and the yeasts Candida krusei and Candida albicans, revealing that the Ti/Ag and Ag/Ti/Ag/Ti/Ag/Ti/Ag/Ti coatings exhibit promise in biomedical material applications.
Optimization of α-Fe2O3 Nanopillars Diameters for Photoelectrochemical Enhancement of α-Fe2O3-TiO2 Heterojunction
Authors: Baldovi Herme G.
Published: August 2021

Global warming is pushing the world to seek to green energy sources and hydrogen is a good candidate to substitute fossil fuels in the short term. In future, it is expected that production of hydrogen will be carried out through photo-electrocatalysis. In this way, suitable electrodes that acts as photoanode absorbing the incident light are needed to catalyse water splitting reaction. Hematite (α-Fe2O3) is one of the most attractive semiconductors for this purpose since it is a low-cost material and it has a suitable band gap of 2.1 eV, which allows the absorption of the visible region. Although, hematite has drawbacks such as low carrier mobility and short holes diffusion lengths, that here it has been tried to overcome by nanoengineering the material, and by using a semiconductor as a scaffold that enhances charge carrier separation processes in the electrode. In this work, we fabricate ultrathin quasi transparent electrodes composed by highly ordered and self-standing hematite nanopillars of a few tens of nanometers length on FTO and TiO2 supports. Photoanodes were fabricated utilizing electron beam evaporation technique and anodized aluminum oxide templates with well-defined pores diameters. Thus, the activity of the compact layer hematite photoanode is compared with the photoanodes fabricated with nanopillars of controllable diameters (i.e., 90, 260 and 400 nm) to study their influence on charge separation processes. Results indicated that optimal α-Fe2O3 photoanodes performance are obtained when nanopillars reach hundreds of nanometers in diameter, achieving for photoanodes with 400 nm nanopillars onto TiO2 supports the highest photocurrent density values.
High-Yield Growth and Tunable Morphology of Bi2Se3 Nanoribbons Synthesized on Thermally Dewetted Au
Authors: Sondors Raitis , Kunakova Gunta , Jasulaneca Liga , Andzane Jana , Kauranens Edijs , Bechelany Mikhael , Erts Donats
Published: August 2021

The yield and morphology (length, width, thickness) of stoichiometric Bi2Se3 nanoribbons grown by physical vapor deposition is studied as a function of the diameters and areal number density of the Au catalyst nanoparticles of mean diameters 8–150 nm formed by dewetting Au layers of thicknesses 1.5–16 nm. The highest yield of the Bi2Se3 nanoribbons is reached when synthesized on dewetted 3 nm thick Au layer (mean diameter of Au nanoparticles ~10 nm) and exceeds the nanoribbon yield obtained in catalyst-free synthesis by almost 50 times. The mean lengths and thicknesses of the Bi2Se3 nanoribbons are directly proportional to the mean diameters of Au catalyst nanoparticles. In contrast, the mean widths of the Bi2Se3 nanoribbons do not show a direct correlation with the Au nanoparticle size as they depend on the contribution ratio of two main growth mechanisms—catalyst-free and vapor–liquid–solid deposition. The Bi2Se3 nanoribbon growth mechanisms in relation to the Au catalyst nanoparticle size and areal number density are discussed. Determined charge transport characteristics confirm the high quality of the synthesized Bi2Se3 nanoribbons, which, together with the high yield and tunable morphology, makes these suitable for application in a variety of nanoscale devices.
Evaluation of the In Vitro Biocompatibility of PEDOT:Nafion Coatings
Authors: Guzzo Sonia , Carli Stefano , Pavan Barbara , Lunghi Alice , Murgia Mauro , Bianchi Michele
Published: August 2021

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-Nafion (PEDOT:Nafion) is emerging as a promising alternative to PEDOT-polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) in organic bioelectronics. However, the biocompatibility of PEDOT:Nafion has not been investigated to date, limiting its deployment toward in vivo applications such as neural recording and stimulation. In the present study, the in vitro cytotoxicity of PEDOT:Nafion coatings, obtained by a water-based PEDOT:Nafion formulation, was evaluated using a primary cell culture of rat fibroblasts. The surface of PEDOT:Nafion coating was characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and water contact angle measurements. Fibroblasts adhesion and morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and AFM measurements. Cell proliferation was assessed by fluorescence microscopy, while cell viability was quantified by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and neutral red assays. The results showed that PEDOT:Nafion coatings obtained by the water dispersion were not cytotoxic, making the latter a reliable alternative to PEDOT:PSS dispersion, especially in terms of chronic in vivo applications.
Active Modulating the Intensity of Bifocal Metalens with Electrically Tunable Barium Titanate (BTO) Nanofins
Authors: Qin Shuai , Huang Hui , Jie Kaiqian , Zeng Sirui , Chen Li , Liu Hongzhan , Guo Jianping , Meng Hongyun , Wang Faqiang , Yang Xiangbo , Wei Zhongchao
Published: August 2021

The multifocal metalens with an adjustable intensity has great potential in many applications such as the multi-imaging system, but it is less studied. In this paper, by combining the electro-optic material barium titanate (BTO) with the Pancharatnam-Berry phase, an electrically modulated bifocal metalens in a visible light band is innovatively proposed. Due to the electro-optic effect, we can control the refractive index of the BTO nanofins to vary between 2.4 and 3.07 by applying different voltages (0–60 V). Thus, the method of modulating the intensity ratio of the two focal points is applying an electric field. It is different from using phase change materials or changing the ellipticity of incident light, the strategies proposed in previous studies. Moreover, when the applied voltage is 0 V or 60 V, the bifocal metalens becomes a single focal metalens with different focal lengths, and the full width at half maximum of each focal point is close to the diffraction limit. It has great potential in applications of optical storage, communication and imaging systems.
Improvement of PMMA Dental Matrix Performance by Addition of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Clay Nanotubes
Authors: Cascione Mariafrancesca , De Matteis Valeria , Pellegrino Paolo , Albanese Giovanni , De Giorgi Maria Luisa , Paladini Fabio , Corsalini Massimo , Rinaldi Rosaria
Published: August 2021

Over the last decades, several materials have been proposed for the fabrication of dental and mandibular prosthetic implants. Today, the poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) resin is the most spread material, due to its ease of processing, low cost, aesthetic properties, low weight, biocompatibility, and biostability in the oral cavity. However, the porous surface (which favors the adhesion of microorganisms) and the weak mechanical properties (which lead to wear or fracture) are the major concerns. The inclusion of engineered nanomaterials in the acrylic matrix could improve the performances of PMMA. In this study, we added two different kind of nanomaterials, namely titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) and halloysite clay nanotubes (HNTs) at two concentrations (1% and 3% w/w) in PMMA. Then, we assessed the effect of nanomaterials inclusion by the evaluation of specific physical parameters: Young’s modulus, roughness, and wettability. In addition, we investigated the potential beneficial effects regarding the Candida albicans (C. albicans) colonization reduction, the most common yeast responsible of several infections in oral cavity. Our experimental results showed an improvement of PMMA performance, following the addition of TiO2NPs and HNTs, in a dose dependent manner. In particular, the presence of TiO2NPs in the methacrylate matrix induced a greater increase in PMMA stiffness respect to HNTs addition. On the other hand, HNTs reduced the rate of C. albicans colonization more significantly than TiO2NPs. The results obtained are of great interest for the improvement of PMMA physico-chemical properties, in view of its possible application in clinical dentistry.
Truths and Myths in Pediatric Migraine and Nutrition
Authors: Papetti Laura , Moavero Romina , Ferilli Michela A. N. , Sforza Giorgia , Tarantino Samuela , Ursitti Fabiana , Ruscitto Claudia , Vigevano Federico , Valeriani Massimiliano
Published: August 2021

The link between migraine and nutrition can be explored from several points of view. Lifestyle and, in particular, aspects of nutrition can have a significant impact on the course of pediatric migraine. In addition, some dietary treatments, such as the ketogenic diet, and some active ingredients present in foods (nutraceuticals) may have a therapeutic effect on migraine. A diet that can control weight gain and obesity has beneficial effects on migraine severity. On the other hand, when we talk about the link between nutrition and headaches, it is also necessary to point out that some public information is actually fake news that has no scientific basis. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the salient points linking pediatric migraine to nutritional principles, focusing on the relationship between weight and headaches, the therapeutic effect of food for medical purposes, the ketogenic diet as a migraine treatment, and the relationship between migraine and dietary habits.
Healthy Eating Index-2015 Scores Vary by Types of Food Outlets in the United States
Authors: Vinyard Magdalena , Zimmer Meghan , Herrick Kirsten A. , Story Mary , Juan Wenyen , Reedy Jill
Published: August 2021

Diet quality in the United States is improving over time but remains poor. Food outlets influence diet quality and represent the environments in which individuals make choices about food purchases and intake. The objective of this study was to use the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) to evaluate the quality of foods consumed from the four major outlets where food is obtained—stores, full-service restaurants, quick-services restaurants, and schools—and to assess changes over time. This cross-sectional study used 24 h dietary recall data from eight cycles (2003–2004 to 2017–2018) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Linear trend estimation was used to test for changes in HEI scores over time, and balanced repeated replicate weighted linear regression was used to test for differences in total and component scores between types of food outlets. Overall, Americans are not consuming a mix of foods from any major category of food outlet that aligns with dietary guidelines. The total score for schools (65/100 points) and stores (62/100 points) was significantly higher than full-service (51/100 points) and quick-service (39/100 points) restaurants (p < 0.0001). HEI scores significantly improved over time for schools (p < 0.001), including an increase in whole grains from less than 1 point in 2003–2004 to 7 out of 10 points in 2017–2018. In 2017–2018, schools received the maximum score for total fruits, whole fruits, and dairy. Continued research on strategies for improving the quality of foods consumed from restaurants and stores is warranted.
The Relationship between Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, Intake of Specific Foods and Depression in an Adult Population (45–75 Years) in Primary Health Care. A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study
Authors: Oliván-Blázquez Bárbara , Aguilar-Latorre Alejandra , Motrico Emma , Gómez-Gómez Irene , Zabaleta-del-Olmo Edurne , Couso-Viana Sabela , Clavería Ana , Maderuelo-Fernandez José A. , Recio-Rodríguez José Ignacio , Moreno-Peral Patricia , Casajuana-Closas Marc , López-Jiménez Tomàs , Bolíbar Bonaventura , Llobera Joan , Sarasa-Bosque Concepción , Sanchez-Perez Álvaro , Bellón Juan Ángel , Magallón-Botaya Rosa
Published: August 2021

Background: The relationship between the quality of the diet and the adherence to the Mediterranean diet with the presence of persistent or recurrent depressive symptoms have been described. The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the intake of specific foods in primary care patients aged 45 to 75, having subclinical or major depression. The study also specifically analyzes this relationship in individuals suffering from chronic diseases. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. 3062 subjects met the inclusion criteria from the EIRA study. Sociodemographic variables, clinical morbidity, depression symptomatology (PHQ-9) and adherence to Mediterranean diet (MEDAS) were collected. Results: Being female, younger, with a higher BMI, consuming more than 1 serving of red meat a day and drinking more than one carbonated or sugary drink daily, not consuming 3 servings of nuts a week and not eating 2 vegetables cooked in olive oil a week are predictors of having higher depressive symptomatology. Conclusions: Assessing the type of diet of patients presenting depressive symptoms and promoting adherence to a healthy diet is important, especially in patients with chronic diseases. However, depression is a very complex issue and the relationship between nutrition and depression must be further examined.
The Mean of Milk: A Review of Human Milk Oligosaccharide Concentrations throughout Lactation
Authors: Soyyılmaz Buket , Mikš Marta Hanna , Röhrig Christoph Hermann , Matwiejuk Martin , Meszaros-Matwiejuk Agnes , Vigsnæs Louise Kristine
Published: August 2021

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are non-digestible and structurally diverse complex carbohydrates that are highly abundant in human milk. To date, more than 200 different HMO structures have been identified. Their concentrations in human milk vary according to various factors such as lactation period, mother’s genetic secretor status, and length of gestation (term or preterm). The objective of this review is to assess and rank HMO concentrations from healthy mothers throughout lactation at a global level. To this aim, published data from pooled (secretor and non-secretor) human milk samples were used. When samples were reported as secretor or non-secretor, means were converted to a pooled level, using the reported mean of approximately 80/20% secretor/non-secretor frequency in the global population. This approach provides an estimate of HMO concentrations in the milk of an average, healthy mother independent of secretor status. Mean concentrations of HMOs were extracted and categorized by pre-defined lactation periods of colostrum (0–5 days), transitional milk (6–14 days), mature milk (15–90 days), and late milk (>90 days). Further categorizations were made by gestational length at birth, mother’s ethnicity, and analytical methodology. Data were excluded if they were from preterm milk, unknown sample size and mothers with any known disease status. A total of 57 peer-reviewed articles reporting individual HMO concentrations published between 1996 and 2020 were included in the review. Pooled HMO means reported from 31 countries were analyzed. In addition to individual HMO concentrations, 12 articles reporting total HMO concentrations were also analyzed as a basis for relative HMO abundance. Total HMOs were found as 17.7 g/L in colostrum, 13.3 g/L in transitional milk, and 11.3 g/L in mature milk. The results show that HMO concentrations differ largely for each individual HMO and vary with lactation stages. For instance, while 2′-FL significantly decreased from colostrum (3.18 g/L ± 0.9) to late milk (1.64 g/L ± 0.67), 3-FL showed a significant increase from colostrum (0.37 g/L ± 0.1) to late milk (0.92 g/L ± 0.5). Although pooled human milk contains a diverse HMO profile with more than 200 structures identified, the top 10 individual HMOs make up over 70% of total HMO concentration. In mature pooled human milk, the top 15 HMOs in decreasing order of magnitude are 2′-FL, LNDFH-I (DFLNT), LNFP-I, LNFP-II, LNT, 3-FL, 6′-SL, DSLNT, LNnT, DFL (LDFT), FDS-LNH, LNFP-III, 3′-SL, LST c, and TF-LNH.
Reptile Host Associations of Ixodes scapularis in Florida and Implications for Borrelia spp. Ecology
Authors: De Jesus Carrie , Bhosale Chanakya , Wilson Kristen , White Zoe , Wisely Samantha M.
Published: August 2021

Host associations of the tick vector for Lyme Borreliosis, Ixodes scapularis, differ across its geographic range. In Florida, the primary competent mammalian host of Lyme disease is not present but instead has other small mammals and herpetofauna that I. scapularis can utilize. We investigated host–tick association for lizards, the abundance of ticks on lizards and the prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (sl). To determine which lizard species I. scapularis associates with, we examined 11 native lizard species from historical herpetological specimens. We found that (294/5828) of the specimens had attached ticks. The most infested species were Plestiodon skinks (241/1228) and Ophisaurus glass lizards (25/572). These species were then targeted at six field sites across Florida and sampled from June to September 2020, using drift fence arrays, cover boards and fishing. We captured 125 lizards and collected 233 immature I. scapularis. DNA was extracted from ticks and lizard tissue samples, followed by PCR testing for Borrelia spp. Of the captured lizards, 69/125 were infested with immature I. scapularis. We did not detect Borrelia spp. from tick or lizard tissue samples. Overall, we found that lizards are commonly infested with I. scapularis. However, we did not detect Borrelia burgdorferi sl. These findings add to a growing body of evidence that lizards are poor reservoir species.
Impact of Environmental Indicators on the COVID-19 Pandemic in Delhi, India
Authors: Mangla Sherry , Pathak Ashok Kumar , Arshad Mohd. , Ghosh Doyel , Sahoo Prafulla Kumar , Garg Vinod Kumar , Haque Ubydul
Published: August 2021

Currently, there is a massive debate on whether meteorological and air quality parameters play a crucial role in the transmission of COVID-19 across the globe. With this background, this study aims to evaluate the impact of air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, CO, NO, NO2, and O3) and meteorological parameters (temperature, humidity, wind speed, and rainfall) on the spread and mortality due to the COVID-19 outbreak in Delhi from 14 Mar 2020 to 3 May 2021. The Spearman’s rank correlation method employed on secondary data shows a significant correlation between the COVID-19 incidences and the PM2.5, PM10, CO, NO, NO2, and O3 concentrations. Amongst the four meteorological parameters, temperature is strongly correlated with COVID-19 infections and deaths during the three phases, i.e., pre-lockdown (14 March 2020 to 24 March 2020) (r = 0.79), lockdown (25 March 2020 to 31 May 2020) (r = 0.87), and unlock (1 June 2020 to 3 May 2021) (r = −0.75), explaining the variability of about 20–30% in the lockdown period and 18–19% in the unlock period. NO2 explained the maximum variability of 10% and 7% in the total confirmed cases and deaths among the air pollutants, respectively. A generalized linear model could explain 80% and 71% of the variability in confirmed cases and deaths during the lockdown and 82% and 81% variability in the unlock phase, respectively. These findings suggest that these factors may contribute to the transmission of the COVID-19 and its associated deaths. The study results would enhance the ongoing research related to the influence of environmental factors. They would be helpful for policymakers in managing the outbreak of COVID-19 in Delhi, India.
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of 4-((1R,2R)-3-Hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methoxypropan-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol Isolated from Juglans mandshurica Maxim. in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages and Zebrafish Larvae Model
Authors: Cho Su-Hyeon , Park SeonJu , Jeong Hoibin , Kim Song-Rae , Jeong Myeong Seon , Choi Miri , Kim Seung Hyun , Kim Kil-Nam
Published: August 2021

Juglans mandshurica Maxim., a traditional folk medicinal plant, is widely distributed in Korea and China. In our previous study, we isolated a new phenylpropanoid compound, 4-((1R,2R)-3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methoxypropan-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol (HHMP), from J. mandshurica. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of HHMP on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and zebrafish larvae. HHMP significantly inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 production in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, HHMP treatment considerably suppressed LPS-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. We also demonstrated the mechanisms of HHMP inhibition of inflammatory responses in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells via Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining. Furthermore, HHMP significantly inhibited NO production in LPS-stimulated zebrafish larvae. Consequently, we established that HHMP significantly inhibited the LPS-induced activation of NF-κB and MAPK and the nuclear translocation of p65 in RAW 264.7 cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the effect of HHMP on LPS-induced inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo, suggesting its potential to be used as a natural anti-inflammatory agent.
The Positive Correlations between the Expression of Histopathological Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme 2O Staining and Prostate Cancer Advancement
Authors: Kim Jae-Heon , Yang Hee-Jo , Lee Chang-Ho , Jeon Youn-Soo , Park Jae-Joon , Lee Kwang-Woo , Kim Jae-Ho , Park Su-Yeon , Song Su-Jung , Kim Yon-Hee , Moon Ah-Rim , Lee Ji-Hye , Song Yun-Seob
Published: August 2021

Background: The mTOR signaling pathway is inactivated by AMPK’s tumor-suppressing function. It is recognized that ubiquitin conjugating enzyme 2O (UBE2O), which directly targets AMPK for ubiquitination and degradation, is intensified in human cancers. Methods: This study investigated the clinical data about prostate cancer. Examination was also carried out into tissue microarrays (TMA) of human prostate cancer (n = 382) and adjacent non-neoplastic tissues around prostate cancer (n = 61). The TMA slides were incubated with antibodies against UBE2O, and the cores were scored by the pathologist blind to cancer results. Results: Very strong positive correlations were identified between the expression of UBE2O staining and high PSA and pathological stage of prostate cancer. Cox’s proportional hazard analysis established correlations between the following: (1) positive surgical margin and biochemical recurrence free survival, (2) PSA grade and clinical recurrence free survival, (3) regional lymph node positive and clinical recurrence free survival, (4) adjuvant treatment and overall survival, and (5) pathological T stage and overall survival. Conclusion: There is a positive correlation between the expression of UBE2O staining and prognosis for prostate cancer. Thus, a prostate cancer prognosis can be assessed with the expression of UBE2O staining.
Synthesis and Biological Activities of Pyrazino[1,2-a]indole and Pyrazino[1,2-a]indol-1-one Derivatives
Authors: Zhang Kena , Tran Christine , Alami Mouad , Hamze Abdallah , Provot Olivier
Published: August 2021

This review concerns the synthesis and biological activities of pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles and pyrazino[1,2-a]indol-1-ones reported since 1997 and the discovery of biological activity of pyrazinoindole derivatives. In the first part, we first presented the synthetic routes that have been reported from a methodological point of view to access the pyrazinoindole unit according to cyclization reactions using or not using metal catalysts. Then, syntheses and neuropsychiatric, auto-immune, anti-infectious and anti-cancer properties of pyrazinoindoles were detailed. In the second part, we first reported the main accesses to pyrazinoindol-1-one substrates according to Michael reactions, metal-catalyzed and metal-free cyclization reactions. The syntheses and anti-cancer, anti-infectious, anti-allergenic and neuropsychiatric properties of pyrazinoindolones were next described and discussed.