bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the Dynamics of Shared Autonomous Vehicle Acceptance: Insights into the General Acceptance Factor, Social Preferences, and Design Components
Authors: Aasvik Ole , Ulleberg Pål , Hagenzieker Marjan
Published: January 2024

The technology behind shared autonomous vehicles (SAVs) is developing rapidly and may revolutionize public transport in metropolitan areas. To take full advantage of the potential benefits, it is paramount to understand the public acceptance of this new technology. One of the leading models for explaining technology uptake is the UTAUT (Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology). This model is vast and has received numerous suggested extensions and revisions, even being developed into the Multi-Level Model of Autonomous Vehicle Acceptance (MAVA). More research is needed to consolidate the model to best measure the acceptance of SAVs, and to determine which extensions capture the unique social situation arising within SAVs. The current study used survey data from 1902 respondents to perform a principal component analysis (PCA) of key constructs suggested by the MAVA. We found that these items were reducible to a single general acceptance factor (GAF), with three additional constructs measuring interpersonal security, sociability, and attractivity. The GAF was, by a large margin, the most efficacious predictor of intention to use SAVs. The overlap between GAF and intention to use may suggest that these are best conceptualized as a single component. The GAF could be further reduced to as little as two predictors, trust and usefulness, accounting for over 70 % of the variance in intention to use. There is, however, also an argument to be made that the other three components of SAV acceptance may be important for capturing different nuances of the service. Interaction terms show that there is differences between genders in their rating of sociability, and how this impacts intentions to use SAVs. Our results have important implications for future research within the field. It cements the importance of trust and usefulness and corroborates the claim that acceptance of SAVs is best represented by a single latent component. However, more research should investigate the individual level moderating effects on the other components, as this may unlock new insights about how best to design a future SAV service.
Organizational Change
Authors: patonah silpia fitri
Published: January 2024

Para ahli manajemen perubahan telah mengembangkan daftar panjang alasan mengapa orang tidak menerima perubahan banyak dari alasan-alasan ini berhubungan dengan kurangnya motivasi, seperti ketika karyawan memperkirakan bahwa konsekuensi negatif yang mungkin ditimbulkan oleh perubahan terhadap mereka lebih besar daripada manfaatnya. Faktor lainnya adalah ketidakmampuan untuk berubah karena kurangnya keterampilan dan pengetahuan yang memadai. Karyawan juga tanpa disadari menolak perubahan karena mereka kurang memahami dengan jelas apa yang diharapkan dari mereka
Team Dinamics
Authors: Vadya Sahra
Published: January 2024

Tim adalah kelompok dari dua atau lebih orang yang berinteraksi dan mempengaruhi satu sama lain, salingbertanggung jawab untuk mencapai tujuan bersama, dan menganggap diri mereka sebagai entitas sosialdalam sebuah organisasi.
Syariah Islam APBN
Authors: Gustiawan Restu
Published: January 2024

APBN atau Anggaran Pendapatan Belanja Negara
Magmatic Controls on Volcanic Sulfur Emissions at the Iceland Hotspot
Authors: Ranta Eemu , Halldórsson Sæmundur , Óladóttir Bergrún , Pfeffer Melissa , Caracciolo Alberto , Bali Eniko , Guðfinnsson Guðmundur , Kahl Maren , Barsotti Sara
Published: January 2024

Outgassing of S (as SO2) is one of the principal hazards posed by volcanic eruptions. However, S emission potentials of most volcanoes globally are poorly constrained due to a short observational record and an incomplete understanding of the magmatic processes that influence pre-eruptive S concentrations. Here, we use a compilation of published and new data from melt inclusions—which preserve magmatic S concentrations prior to eruptive degassing—from the Iceland hotspot to evaluate the effects of mantle melting and crustal magmatic processes on the S budgets of Icelandic melts. We apply the petrological method to estimate S emission potentials (∆Smax) for 68 eruptions from 22 of the ~33 presently active volcanic systems in Iceland. We show that the S systematics of Icelandic melts are strongly regulated by the sulfide solubility limit. Sulfide-saturated conditions during lower-degree mantle melting, prevalent at off-rift zones, likely explains an observed decoupling between S and Cl. Modelled sulfide solubility peaks in evolved basalts (4-6 wt.% MgO), coinciding with highest melt inclusion S concentrations. Highest ∆Smax (2100–2600 ppm) are found in the Hekla 1913 CE, Eldgjá 934 CE and Surtsey 1963-67 CE eruptions in the South Iceland Volcanic Zone. Our results extend the record of volcanic sulfur emissions back in time and can be used to assess volcanic gas hazards at Icelandic volcanoes where no direct measurements are available. Broadly, the results underline the governing role of sulfide solubility during melting and magma differentiation in controlling the eruptible S contents of hotspot magmas.
Thera-Turing Test: A Framework for Evaluating Mental Health Artificial Intelligence-Based Chatbots
Authors: Bunge Eduardo , Desage Christina
Published: January 2024

AI-based chatbots have emerged as popular tools for addressing mental health concerns. While research has primarily focused on usability or outcome measures, there is a scarcity of studies examining the quality of chatbot-delivered conversations. This article emphasizes the importance of evaluating chatbot content by drawing parallels with the rigorous training and evaluation process for human therapists. The Thera-Turing Test (TTT) proposes a comprehensive evaluation model that scrutinizes chatbot conversations independently, reducing potential bias. The TTT recommends that judges rate user conversations with the chatbot without knowing that AI-chatbots delivered those conversations. The components of the TTT include timing, conversation creation, specific vs. full assessment, selection criteria for conversations and the judges, and the assessment scale. The proposed TTT scale encompasses safety, text-based therapy specifics, confidentiality, ethical standards, common factors, specific factors, cultural awareness, referrals, and readiness for “practice” (or full-scale launch). Alternative approaches to chatbot evaluation are also explored, and potential critiques are addressed, highlighting the unique challenges of text-based therapy interactions. The Thera-Turing Test offers a promising avenue for ensuring the quality and effectiveness of mental health chatbots, contributing to the delivery of high-quality mental health care at scale.
Standing Enhances Esports Performance and Executive Function for Short Durations, but Not for Long: Implications for Positive Sitting
Authors: Matsui Takashi , Mine Yuji , Takahashi Shion , Funabashi Daisuke , Yoshitake Seiji , Matsuoka Hiroki , Yamaguchi Takafumi , Dobashi Shohei , Sakairi Yosuke , Yoshimoto Hisashi , Takagi Hideki , Morita Mai , Shiodera Akiyoshi , Mineno Ayumi , Asada Haruyuki
Published: January 2024

Humans evolved to sit in a squatting, whereas industrialization/digitization promoted sitting on a chair for prolonged digital cognitive activities, as represented by esports, contributing to unhealthy lifestyles. Although moderate standing, a countermeasure against prolonged sitting, promotes not only health but also cognitive performance, postural influence on esports play remains unknown. Here, we show that moderate standing (≤60 minutes) improves mood and executive/esports performances, but prolonged standing (>60 minutes) causes cognitive fatigue, leading to lowered performances. We first conducted a crossover session of virtual football gaming for a maximum of three hours while standing or sitting in collegiate casual players. In the initial 30 minutes, standing increased vitality and pleasure, executive function assessed by Flanker interference, and shot performance. Heart rate, pupil size, and salivary cortisol and testosterone were higher in the standing condition. Beyond 60 minutes, standing slowed interference with increased conceded goals, and 50% of the participants retired during play. We next tested the effect of leaning forward in a seated position. Leaning forward enhanced vitality and pleasure, interference, and shot and pass performance than reclining during the initial 60 minutes, but led to lower interference and cognitive accuracy after 120 minutes. Reclining slowed interference from the early phase, but accuracy remained unchanged throughout playing. Our findings provide evidence for leaning forward seating as an alternative active sitting mirroring the cognitive dynamics of standing esports play. Reclining supports cognitive endurance with higher accuracy. Modifying posture to match cognitive demands could encourage active and healthy lifestyles in the digital age.
Deepfake Detection in Super-Recognizers and Police Officers
Authors: Ramon Meike , Vowels Matthew J , Groh Matthew
Published: January 2024

The present study is the first empirical investigation of the relationshion between human deepfake detection performance (DDP) and individuals' face identity processing ability. Using videos from the Deepfake Detection Challenge, we investigated DDP in two unique observer groups: Super-Recognizers (SRs) and "normal" officers from within the 18K members of the Berlin Police. SRs were identified either via previously proposed lab-based procedures or the only existing tool for SR identification involving increasingly challenging, authentic forensic material: the Berlin Test For Super-Recognizer Identification (beSure®). Participants judged either pairs of videos, or single videos in a 2-alternative forced-choice decision setting (i.e., which of the pair, or whether a single video was a deepfake or not). We explored speed-accuracy trade-offs, compared DDP between lab-identified SRs and non-SRs, and police officers as a function of their independently measured face identity processing (FIP) ability. Interestingly, we found no relationship between DDP and FIP ability. Further work using static deepfakes created with current state-of-the-art generative models is needed to determine the value of SR deployment for deepfake detection in law enforcement.
The Moral Career of the Genocide Perpetrator: Cognition, Emotions, and Dehumanization as a Consequence, Not a Cause, of Violence
Authors: Luft Aliza
Published: January 2024

Scholars have long argued that dehumanization causes violence. However, others have recently argued that those who harm do so because they feel pressured or view violence as justified. Examining the Rwandan genocide, this article contends that contradictory theories of dehumanization can be reconciled through consideration of cultural and moral sociology. Research on culture and action demonstrates that when people strive to implement new practices, they often explicitly work through them cognitively and emotionally. With time, however, these conscious processes diminish until actions that were once new proceed with ease. In another vein, morality research suggests our affective responses to actions indicate their moral significance; when we do not react emotionally to actions, they are morally irrelevant. Herein, I combine these ideas with a temporal analysis of Hutus’ recollections of killing Tutsi and find cognitive, emotional, and relational transformations rendered killing mundane over time. Dehumanization was a consequence of violence, not a cause.
Centering Relationality and CARE for Stewardship of Indigenous Research Data
Authors: Belarde-Lewis Miranda , Littletree Sandy , Braine Iisaaksiichaa Ross , Srader Kaitlin , Palmer Carole
Published: January 2024

The CARE Principles for Indigenous Data Governance are a seminal advance in the stewardship of Indigenous data. The Data Services for Indigenous Scholarship and Sovereignty (DSISS) project is working to guide how research libraries and data repositories can apply the CARE principles to support scholars of Indigenous culture and language. Building on a set of foundational case studies of Indigenous scholarship, this paper reports on analysis of formal engagement activities with scholars, Indigenous community members, and data professionals. We discuss three prominent themes— ownership, trust, and relational accountability—and their implications for concrete steps toward implementation of the CARE principles in research data services (RDS). The results show that sustaining and furthering Indigenous scholarship and data sovereignty in alignment with CARE requires infrastructure and services that attend to a mix of interrelated, and potentially divergent, interest of scholars, Indigenous communities, and institutions. For data professionals, expertise is needed in Indigenous research methods and the sensitivities and distinctiveness inherent in Indigenous ways of knowing, while stewarding institutions will need to make significant investments in restorative trust- building as genuine extensions of relational accountability.
ANALYSIS OF SPECIES COMPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF WEEDS IN CABBAGE (BRASSICA OLERACEA L.) IN SENDURO DISTRICT LUMAJANG REGENCY
Authors:   Program Studi Agroteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Jember, Farizal Enggar Riswanda
Published: January 2024

Cabbage is an annual vegetable crop. The presence of weeds in cabbage plants can reduce productivity. Weed composition is a weed community that grows in a field. The purpose of this study was to determine the composition of weeds and dominant weeds in cabbage cultivation. The method used is the point intercept method, namely by determining 9 plots on 2 cabbage cultivation lands. Data were analyzed qualitatively and descriptively. The variables observed included relative frequency, relative dominance, summed dominance ratio (SDR), and weed community coefficient (C). The results showed that the highest relative frequency value in land A namely Persicaria nepalensis was 23,68%, while in land B namely Drymaria cordata L. was 21.95%. The highest relative dominance value was in land A namely Persicaria nepalensis which was 29.06%, while in land B namely Drymaria cordata L. which was 31.45%. The highest SDR value was in land A namely Persicaria nepalensis which was 26.37%, while in land B namely Drymaria cordata L. which was 26.70%. The C value in land A and land B is 74.43%, and the weed community in land A and land B is not significantly different. Analysis of the composition of weed species in cabbage land between A and land there is a difference.
Educational Renewal During Muhammad Ali Period and Its Impact on The Al-Azhar Educational Institution
Authors: Hasneli Hasneli , Meirison Meirison , Muhammadi Qasem
Published: January 2024

This article describes Muhammad Ali's educational endeavors since he came to power in 1805. Muhammad Ali built schools and brought in European teachers to teach, and he aimed to take advantage of scientific developments in European countries to create a modern Egypt. By conducting a literature study and a qualitative approach, we analyze the sources obtained and describe them historically using a qualitative approach. Muhammad Ali had strong ambitions to become the sole ruler of the Middle East and his descendants. For this reason, a strong army is needed for this ambition. A strong military cannot come without medicine, chemistry, physics, civil engineering, and language education. His efforts succeeded brilliantly after experiencing obstacles almost on par with all European countries. However, this effort is detrimental to Islamic Education and Al-Azhar by building schools that sometimes do not follow Islamic teachings and rule out Arabic as the language of the Koran. Even so, public Education did not continue and run as it should because Western countries stopped Muhammad Ali's ambition to build a modern state. After all, the interests of the West and Russia were disrupted.
Kemampuan Pemodelan Matematika Siswa pada Topik Program Linear Konteks Palembang Lamonde
Authors: Hauda Nabilah , Zulkardi Zulkardi , Susanti Ely
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan pemodelan siswa pada topik program linear dalam konteks lamonde Palembang. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 3 siswa kelas XI di Palembang. Penelitian dilakukan dalam tiga tahap, tahap persiapan, tahap implementasi, dan tahap analisis data kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tes dan wawancara. Dalam pengujian diberikan 2 soal dengan menggunakan konteks Palembang Lamonde yang telah divalidasi oleh validator. Setelah mendapatkan hasil dari siswa, data dari soal tes dianalisis untuk mendapatkan hasil bahwa ada beberapa indikator yang dipenuhi dengan melihat hasil soal tes dan wawancara dengan siswa namun ada juga indikator yang tidak terpenuhi pada soal kedua, yaitu indikator yang menafsirkan hasil matematika yang diperoleh di dunia nyata karena siswa lupa menuliskan kesimpulan dari jawaban yang mereka dapatkan.
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif melalui Model Pembelajaran PjBL Materi Industri Non-Bank di SMAN 13 Palembang
Authors: Aldy Hayril , Sukmawati Neli , Siti Fatimah
Published: January 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif dengan bantuan  model pembelajaran Project Based Learning materi industri non-bank pada peserta didik kelas X.3 di SMAN 13 Palembang. Pelakasanaan penelitian ini di SMA Negeri 13 Palembang pada semester genap tahun pelajaran 2022-2023 dengan subjek penelitian kelas X.3 berjumlah 39 siswa. Prosedur penelitian tindakan kelas mencakup perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan observasi, dan refleksi yang bersifat siklus. Metode penelitian ini adalah data kuantitatif yang diperoleh dari hasil tes peserta didik selama proses pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian dan pembahasan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan rerata berpikir kreatif pada siklus I ke siklus II sebesar 56,40%. Kemudian adanya peningkatan pada siklus II ke siklus III sebesar 7,69% dan peningkatan pada siklus I ke siklus III sebesar 64,09%, pada kategori penilaian sangat baik. Disarankan pendidik dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif peserta didik dalam memberikan gagasan untuk menyelesaikan masalah
Mengungkap Praktik Fraud Government dalam Semiotika Akuntansi Puisi "Koruptor di Negeri Bisu" Karya Cucuk Espe”
Authors: Devika  , Desyana Gita
Published: January 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengungkap praktik Fraud Government yang berkaitan dengan hak rakyat yang menjadi objek fraud melalui analisis makna puisi "Koruptor di Negeri Bisu" Karya Cucuk Espe. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik penulisannya adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Analisis yang dilakukan adalah dengan menggunakan konsep semiotika Charles Sanders Pierce berdasarkan ikon, indeks, dan simbol dengan pendekatan akuntansi. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa Fraud Government cenderung memperburuk kesenjangan ekonomi yang merugikan negara karena dapat menurunkan kepercayaan investor terhadap negara. Puisi "Koruptor di Negeri Bisu" Karya Cucuk Espe dipilih sebagai subjek penelitian, sedangkan objek penelitian adalah semiotika dalam makna puisi tersebut. Waktu penelitian artikel ini dilakukan pada 12 April 2023 hingga 27 Mei 2023. Implikasi ditujukan kepada pemerintahan karena pejabat pemerintahan gagal dalam pemenuhan tugas membahagiakan rakyat dengan memberikan hak yang seharusnya diterima oleh rakyat. Penelitian sebelumnya lebih mengungkapkan makna dari sosial dan hukum, sedangkan dalam penelitian ini mengungkapkan makna dari sisi akuntansi
Pengaruh Personality Characteristics, Workload, Role Conflict, Terhadap Reduced Audit Quality Practices Melalui Burnout sebagai Variabel Intervening
Authors: Prabowo Adia Adi , Nurhayati Ida
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh personality characteristics, workload, dan role conflict terhadap reduced audit quality practices melalui burnout sebagai variabel intervening. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian ini terdiri dari pegawai yang bekerja pada kantor KAP wilayah Yogyakarta, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 90 orang. Untuk menganalisis hasil penelitian menggunakan analisis PLS-SEM dengan melakukan pengujian model pengukuran (Outer Model) dan model struktural (Inner Model). Penelitian ini memperoleh hasil: burnout, role conflict, dan personality characteristic berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap reduced audit quality practices, personality characteristics, dan role conflict berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap burnout, sedangkan workload tidak berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap burnout, workload tidak berpengaruh positif dan dapat diabaikan terhadap penurunan reduced audit quality practices, personality characteristics dan workload berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap penurunan kualitas audit setelah burnout, dan role conflict berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap reduced audit quality practices setelah burnout
Efektivitas Model Project Based Learning (PjBL) dalam Pembelajaran Ekonomi SMA pada Kurikulum Merdeka
Authors: Pratiwi Nova , Ahman Eeng , Disman
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik Systematic Literature Review (SLR) untuk menguji efektivitas model pembelajaran berbasis proyek (PjBL). Dalam penelitian ini, hasil pencarian dari database Google Scholar tahun 2020–2023 dengan kata kunci PjBL terdapat 500 artikel, disaring berdasarkan kriteria inklusi sehingga diperoleh 36 artikel yang digunakan sebagai studi primer yang dianalisis berdasarkan kemampuan yang dalam penelitian. Hasil dari analisis telah review artikel ini diperoleh temuan bahwa model PjBL berpengaruh positif dan efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif, hasil belajar dan prestasi, efektif meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi, kritis dan kreatif, dan meningkatkan sikap kepercayaan diri, motivasi belajar dan keaktifan peserta didik pada peningkatan sekolah menengah atas pada kurikulum merdeka. Saran bagi peneliti selanjutnya yaitu memperluas ukuran sampel untuk memperoleh visualisasi yang lebih lengkap tentang efektivitas model PjBL dalam pembelajaran ekonomi di berbagai tingkatan, evaluasi dalam kaitannya dengan model pembelajaran yang berbeda, dan menentukan unsur-unsur yang berkontribusi terhadap efektivitas model PjBL
Tinjauan Yuridis Terhadap Perbuatan Aborsi Akibat Pemerkosaan Berdasarkan Ketentuan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan
Authors: Irwanto Engga Lift , Khairani
Published: January 2024

Fenomena Aborsi bukanlah menjadi suatu pristiwa hukum baru di Indonesia, dimana aborsi dijadikan suatu alternatif bagi kaum hawa khususnya untuk mencegah terjadinya pertumbuhan janin. Menurut Fact Abortion, Info Kit on Women’s Health oleh Institute For Social, Studies and Action, dalam istilah kesehatan aborsi didefinisikan sebagai penghentian kehamilan setelah tertanamnya telur (ovum) yang telah dibuahi rahim (uterus), sebelum janin (fetus) mencapai 20 minggu. Dalam pelaksanaan aborsi tidak selalu bertentangan dengan hukum karena ada perbuatan aborsi legal apabila memenuhi kriteria tertentu sebagaimana yang diatur di dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan dan di dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 61 Tahun 2014 Tentang Kesehatan Reproduksi. Dimana persoalan tersebut akan dijawab dengan rumusan masalah, pertama bagaimana pengaturan hukum dan pandangan norma yang hidup dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat terkait legalisasi aborsi di Indonesia?, Kedua bagaimana membuktikan adanya tindak pidana pemerkosaan dan metode dalam melakukan aborsi (pengguguran kandungan) akibat korban pemerkosaan ?. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif. Dimana dari hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa aborsi Setiap Orang dilarang melakukan aborsi, kecuali dengan kriteria yang diperbolehkan sesuai dengan ketentuan dalam kitab undang-undang hukum pidana, misalnya korban pemerkosaan ataupun karena gangguan kehamilan serius.
Treading the Thin Line Between Health Ethics and Patient Care in the Application of Telemedicine: The Case of Sound Ethical Guidelines in Telemedicine in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Mhango Malizgani , Chitungo Itai , Sihlahla Irvine , Moyo Enos , Denhere Knowledge , Dzinamarira Tafadzwa
Published: January 2024

The entry of technology and digital platforms into the health sector has allowed for the expansion of healthcare from traditional healthcare facilities, thereby overcoming geographical barriers and giving birth to telemedicine. Information technologies enable the delivery of healthcare services, even when distance is a critical factor. These technologies facilitate the exchange of valid information for diagnosis, treatment, and management of diseases and injuries. They also aid in research and evaluation, and support the continuing education of healthcare providers. These efforts are aimed at improving the health of individuals and communities. However, despite providing a platform where health can be easily accessible to all despite location, telemedicine also exposes patients to unethical practices, such as leaking their data to non-intended users and sometimes hackers, highlighting the need for sound ethical governance practices. There is a need for ethical governance and regulatory frameworks for the application and use of digital technology in health, which will minimise the infringement of patients' ethical rights and privacy.
Questioning the Moratorium on Synthetic Phenomenology
Authors: Krzanowski Roman
Published: January 2024

In a paper published in 2021, Prof. Thomas Metzinger proposed a global moratorium on development of synthetic phenomenology, with this beginning in 2021 and lasting until 2050, arguing that the development of conscious artifacts would bring about an explosion of human-like suffering on a global scale. We posit that Prof. T. Metzinger’s argument for a global moratorium, as it has been formulated, is not sound. However, Prof. T. Metzinger’s proposal, putting aside his claims about explosion of suffering, can be taken as a generic warning against uncontrolled development of AI - the position we fully agree with.
Sleep Quality Patterns, Determinants, and Academic Performance Impact among Medical Students in a Private Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Hasmain Seema , Saif Soha , Asif Ahsan
Published: January 2024

Background: The study aimed to discern the sleep quality pattern, its determinants, and its impact on the academic performance of medical students in a private medical college in Lahore.
Methods: Conducted from June to December 2021, this descriptive cross-sectional study obtained ethical approval from the Institutional Review Board. Data were collected through a pretested self-administered questionnaire with sociodemographic and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) sections. SPSS version 20 facilitated data entry and analysis. The Chi-square test (p≤0.05) examined sociodemographic correlations, and a revised Chi-square assessed the relationship between PSQI score and GPA. Pearson Chi-square test explored associations between sleep patterns and influencing factors.
Results: Among 473 medical students, 78.2% exhibited poor sleep quality. Age, gender, and family type showed no significant relationship with sleep quality. However, a notable association emerged between sleep duration and students' study year (p=0.017). The use of sleep medication and daytime dysfunction displayed significant associations with the study year (p<0.000 and p=0.002, respectively). Only final-year undergraduates demonstrated a statistically significant connection between sleep quality and academic performance (p=0.05).
Conclusion: A substantial proportion of medical students experienced poor sleep quality. While sleep quality did not significantly impact the academic performance of most students, a noteworthy association was observed among final-year students.
Satisfaction of Patients' Attendants in the Emergency Department of DHQ Hospital, Gujranwala, Pakistan
Authors: Aftab Khan Kauser , Anwar Sumair , Javed Muhammad Touseef , Ali Zara , Yaqoob Mohmmad Arsalan , Zafar Labiqa
Published: January 2024

Background: This study aims to assess satisfaction with the treatment and services provided by the Emergency Department (ED) at District Headquarters Hospital (DHQ) Gujranwala. The objective is to identify the barriers faced by attendants of patients in the Emergency Department of DHQ Hospital, Gujranwala.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the Emergency Department of DHQ Gujranwala from August to October 2021, with ethical approval from the Gujranwala Medical College Ethical Review Board. The sample size comprised 384 consenting participants. A structured questionnaire, including multiple questions with relevant sub-categories of yes and no, was utilized. Z-scores with p-values were calculated to determine significant/insignificant differences in bi-responses. A significance level of p < 0.05 was considered with a 95% confidence interval.
Results: The majority of attendants were from urban areas (54.7%). Satisfaction levels were notably high for separate beds, seating, and appropriate privacy, with 64-67% expressing contentment. Respondents reported satisfaction with the behavior of doctors, gatekeepers, nurses, and sweepers. Other aspects contributing to satisfaction included guidance about indoor admission (74.2%), sanitation conditions (63.8%), drug availability (74%), prompt treatment initiation (71.9%), comprehension of doctors' explanations (79.4%), and consideration of treatment options (68%).
Conclusion: Patients' attendants generally responded positively, expressing satisfaction with the hospital's services.
The Pandemonium of Malaria in the Rural Population of District Khairpur During the 2022 Monsoon Flood
Authors: Buriro Ashfaq Ahmed , Memon Ali Muhammad , Sadiq Noman , Warsi Jamshed , Mughal Zaib- Un- Nisa , Mangi Autif Hussain , Mangi Rozina , Mahar Benazir
Published: January 2024

Background: The recent monsoon flood in Pakistan triggered a surge in various diseases, particularly affecting Sindh. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of malaria in the Khairpur district during the flood pandemic.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Khairpur district on the rural population during the flood pandemic of 2022, spanning from August to September. Due to the flood, numerous patients exhibited fever and malaria-related symptoms. Using convenient purposive sampling, all symptomatic patients underwent malaria testing through the ICT (immunochromatographic test) method.
Results: Throughout the study period, 2383 individuals presented with malaria-like symptoms. Among them, 1932 individuals tested positive for malaria, resulting in a prevalence of 81.1%. Among the malaria-positive cases, Plasmodium vivax was detected in 1431 (74%) cases, while Plasmodium falciparum was identified in 501 (26%) individuals. Notably, 85% of males, 67% of non-pregnant females, 36% of pregnant females, 65% of children up to 8 years old, and 95% of children aged 9-18 were afflicted with malaria.
Conclusion: The prevalence of malaria in flood-affected areas is alarmingly high. While the elevated prevalence of Plasmodium vivax poses a substantial health risk, the presence of Plasmodium falciparum may lead to severe complications.
Perceptions and Attitudes Regarding Self-Medication among Undergraduate Students of Islamabad
Authors: Asif Raima , Hassan Uzma , Jafffry Tamkeen , Shan Hina , Zulfiqar Rubab , Tabassum Hina
Published: January 2024

Background: Self-medication, a common human behavior, involves individuals self-administering treatment without professional oversight to alleviate illness or conditions. This study aimed to evaluate perceptions and attitudes and identify associations between sociodemographic variables and self-medication among undergraduate students.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the National University of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, from June to August 2022. A sample of 200 undergraduate students across various disciplines (Public Health, Social Sciences of Health, Human Nutrition & Dietetics, Biological Sciences, and Psychology) was determined using the open epi calculator. Inclusion criteria comprised students willing to participate and available during data collection, with exclusion based on major comorbidities. Chi-square tests explored crude associations between categorical outcome variables and related factors.
Results: Out of the 200 students, 42 (21%) were boys, and 158 (79%) were girls. Most students (94%) had pursued F-Sc (Premedical) for secondary education. A majority (117) of students had highly educated fathers. Over 75% strongly disagreed with obtaining medicines without a prescription. More than half agreed that dosing rules should be more lenient. Father's occupational status (p=0.001), respondent's place of residence (p=0.040), and respondent's secondary education (p=0.0372) were significantly associated with self-medication practices.
Conclusion: Significant associations were identified between the father's occupational and educational status, the respondent's secondary education, and self-medication practices among undergraduate students.
Decomposing Socio-Economic Inequalities in Infant Mortality in Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Mehmood Gahssan , Bashir Saima
Published: January 2024

Background: Despite overall improvements in living standards and population health, child health inequality persists in Pakistan, particularly reflected in one of the highest Infant Mortality Rates (IMR) in the South Asian region. This study aims to discern the distinct contributions of various factors to socioeconomic inequality in infant mortality within the Punjab province, utilizing data from the latest Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS Punjab 2017-2018). The primary objective is to identify key factors significantly contributing to the observed inequality in infant mortality within the region.
Methods: Employing MICS Punjab 2017-18 data, we utilized the concentration index to measure socioeconomic inequality in infant mortality. Subsequently, the concentration index was decomposed to reveal the determinants of this inequality.
Results: Within the Punjab province, household economic status emerged as the predominant contributor to infant mortality inequality (42.35%), followed by maternal education (35.52%), rural residence (11.45%), and mother’s age (10.44%).
Conclusion: The study findings underscore that socioeconomic inequality in infant mortality in Punjab is influenced not only by the functions of the healthcare system but also by factors extending beyond the purview of health authorities and healthcare delivery systems.
Energy Drink Consumption and Eating Habits among Students of a Public Sector University in Islamabad, Pakistan
Authors: Saghir Ayesha , Kausar Sumiaya , Khan Zarnigar , Iftikhar Maryum , Akbar Zainab , Gulab Syeda Ambreen , Khan Rukhsana , Akhtar Mahwish
Published: January 2024

Background: Energy drinks are widely consumed globally, with various brands strategically targeting the younger generation through marketing and advertising. Despite potential impacts on general health and dietary patterns, the youth often succumb to the allure of promised benefits, such as enhanced metabolism. This study aims to investigate the relationship between Energy Drink (ED) consumption, dietary habits among Air University (AU) students, and the motivations behind consuming energy drinks.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted across different departments of Air University, involving 103 students aged 19-25 years (52 males, 51 females). Data was collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Inferential statistics employed the chi-square test to determine the association between ED consumption and AU students' dietary habits.
Results: Among the 103 students, 31% (n=32) reported energy drink consumption, with 62.5% (n=19) not restricting consumption to special occasions. Non-ED consumers demonstrated greater awareness of energy drink side effects and exhibited better decision-making regarding the intake of various healthy food substances on a daily basis compared to ED consumers.
Conclusion: The study revealed a substantial proportion (31%) of ED consumers among AU students, indicating a lack of awareness regarding side effects and unhealthy dietary habits among this group.
Frequency of Hepatitis B and C Viruses in Patients with Malignancies in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Shaikh Zulfiqar Ali , Soomro Sahar , Uddin Fareed , Ahmad Usama , Hashmi Shahkamal , Zaidi Syeda Kashaf , Zaidi Maheen , Ahmed Huzefa , Noor Noshaba , Memon Uzma
Published: January 2024

Background: Hepatitis, a viral infection affecting the liver, can progress to cirrhosis or cancer. Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C, distinct viral strains, induce acute or chronic liver inflammation. Individuals with chronic hepatitis face an elevated risk of extra-hepatic cancers. Various hypotheses explore the mechanisms of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in tumorigenesis. This study aims to ascertain the prevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses among patients with malignancies in a tertiary care hospital in Karachi.
Methods: We conducted as a cross-sectional study, data were collected from Dr. Ruth Pfau Civil Hospital, Karachi, a tertiary care facility, between May 2020 and July 2020. Out of 257 cancer-diagnosed patients, informed about and assured of the questionnaire's confidentiality, data were collected and analyzed.
Results: Among the 257 patients, 56.42% were females and 43.57% males, with a mean age of 47.5 years. Breast cancer was the most common type, identified in 20.2% of patients. Overall, 36.96% of patients had either HBV or HCV, with no instances of coinfection. Positivity rates were 21.4% for HBV and 15.56% for HCV. No significant associations were observed between cancer types and Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) or Anti-Hepatitis C Antibodies (Anti-HCV Ab).
Conclusion: Close surveillance of cancer patients is crucial, monitoring HBV antibody titers, and enrollment in hepatitis B immunization programs are recommended. Additionally, monitoring Anti-HCV status is advised.
An Experience from Public Sector tertiary care Hospital:Secondary data analysis of Dengue patients from 2013-2022
Authors: Noreen Khola , Ali Kashif , Meraj Lubna , Umar Muhammad , Khan Muhammad  Mujeeb , Dar Savida Ilyas
Published: January 2024

Background: This study aims to identify patient number trends in three tertiary care hospitals affiliated with Rawalpindi Medical University by conducting a secondary data analysis of past hospital records.
Methods: A retrospective study, spanning from 2013 to 2022, was undertaken in three tertiary care hospitals (Holy Family Hospital, District Head Quarters Hospital, and Benazir Bhutto Hospital) affiliated with Rawalpindi Medical University. The analysis included data on outpatient department (OPD) visits, admission rates, confirmed cases, morbidity and mortality variables related to Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS), fatalities, expiries %, and the predominant Dengue virus genotype. Statistical analysis utilized SPSS version 25.0.
Results: The records encompassed 299,101 OPD patients in the three allied hospitals. Over the past decade, an epidemic occurred in 2019, witnessing a surge—87,680 OPD cases, 14,879 admissions, and 11,942 confirmed cases. A second peak in the current year saw 32,940 cases. Maximum fatalities occurred in 2021 (0.68%), followed by 2013 (0.57%). Dominant Dengue serotype was DEN-2, except in 2022, which showed both DEN-1 (40%) and DEN-2 (60%).
Conclusion: Trend analysis of dengue cases from 2013 to 2022 revealed a peak in 2019, followed by the current year (2022), indicating a significant increase. The rise during the current epidemic, coupled with a new serotype (DEN-1), may be linked to human migration due to recent floods, population displacement, and virus evolution, evident in increased cases with different serotypes.
Digestive Disorders among the Shift and the Day-Working Nurses in Public and Private Hospitals of Peshawar, Pakistan
Authors: Arif Ijaz , Ali Sardar , Zeb Hussan , Khan Asghar , Rafi Haseena , Ali Arshad
Published: January 2024

Background: This study aimed to assess the impact of shift work on digestive disorders among nurses in public and private sector hospitals in Peshawar. Employing an analytical cross-sectional design, data were collected at Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar and Northwest General Hospital Peshawar between May 2017 and August 2018.
Methods: A total of 252 nurses participated, with 227 providing responses. Data, obtained through a self-administered questionnaire via convenience sampling, received approval from the Ethical Committee and Advanced Studies and Research Board of Khyber Medical University, Peshawar. Demographic variables and participant responses were analyzed using frequency, percentages, and the Chi Square test to explore associations with digestive disorders. A P value less than 0.05 denoted statistical significance.
Results: The study revealed that current shift work significantly impacted digestive complaints. Notably, 40.7% of day workers and 54.6% of shift workers experienced digestive disorders (P = 0.037). Moreover, public sector hospital nurses demonstrated lower susceptibility to digestive disorders, with rates of 46.8% and 49.1% for public and private organizations, respectively (P = 0.730).
Conclusion: This research indicates that nurses engaged in continuous night shifts are notably predisposed to digestive disorders, while the type of hospital (public or private) does not significantly influence such disorders.
Deductive approach to redox titration and kinetic-spectrophotometric methods for quantitative determination of ampicillin
Authors:   National University of Pharmacy, Karpova S.P. , Zhuravel I.O. , Kolisnyk S.V. , Golik M.Yu. , Kryskiv O.S.
Published: January 2024

The article considers the search for new analytical reactions that can be the basis of quantitative analytical determinations of penicillins. The optimal conditions for these reactions were determined. We developed two unified procedures have been and established the possibility of quantitative determination by the methods of kinetic-spectrophotometry and redox titration of ampicillin in a pure substance and drug by using potassium caroate. The scheme of the chemical transformation of ampicillin with the reaction of potassium caroate was proposed. The kinetics of the conjugated reactions of S-oxidation and perhydrolysis of ampicillin with potassium caroate in alkaline medium was studied by an increase in the light absorbance of the reaction product at 290 nm. The appearance of a new wave in kinetic-spectrophotometry created the possibility of developing a new procedure for the quantitative determination of ampicillin. The reaction rate was monitored spectrally and displayed in real time. A differential variation of the tangent method was used to process the kinetic data.
Evaluation of available adsorbents for the dry washing of the wasted frying oil based crude ethyl esters
Authors:   V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Konovalov S.V. , Zubenko S.O. , Patrylak L.K. , Povazhnyi V.A. , Davitadze D.Z.
Published: January 2024

Russia's invasion of Ukraine strongly actualized the issue of liquid biofuels production. Ethyl esters biodiesel may be produced from widely available domestic Ukrainian oils and locally produced bioethanol. Dry washing with adsorbents is an advanced biodiesel purification technique. There is still a lack of information on the dry washing of alkaline ethanolysis products, especially concerning the removal of heavy contaminants, originating from partially polymerized waste oils. Current work deals with the investigation of available materials as adsorbents for the purification of crude ethyl esters (88% esters, 1.61% monoacylglycerols, 0.73% diacylglycerols, 0.19% tryacylglyceroles, 1.04% soaps, 0.12% fatty acids, 1.07% glycerol, and 0.17% ethanol). Esters were prepared via alkaline-catalyzed transesterification of wasted frying sunflower oil (2.46 mg KOH/g, 7.1% palmitic, 3.5% stearic, 27.7% oleic, and 59.3% linoleic acids). Activated anthracite, synthetic carbon Chemviron, colloidal silica, meta-kaolin, talc, and bentonite were evaluated as adsorbents. All samples provided the removal of the majority of soaps and glycerol, decreased the ethanol concentration, and, in most cases, acid value. Dry washing had almost no impact on the acylglycerols content. Activated carbons, characterized by a combination of developed micro- and mesoporosity, produced the greatest results, including a minor amount of monoacylglycerols removal. However, none of the adsorbents provided the removal of heavy oligomer contaminants, which is indirectly indicated by no higher than 90% esters content in treated samples. Improvement of these characteristics may be achieved by vacuum distillation.
Regio- and stereo-selective halogen-induced cyclization of terminal alkynyl thioethers of 3-phenylquinazoline-4-one
Authors:   State University ''Uzhhorod National University", Kut D.Zh. , Kut M.M. , Ostapchuk E.M. , Onysko M.Yu.
Published: January 2024

The present work reports the results of the study of the electrophilic heterocyclization of terminal alkynyl thioethers of quinazoline-4-one under the action of halogens. Starting 2-(but-3-in-1-ylthio)-3-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one and 2-(pent-4-in-1-ylthio)-3-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one were prepared by alkylation of 2-thioxoquinazolin-4-one with butynyl and pentynyl bromide in an alcoholic-alkaline medium, respectively. It was determined that the interaction of 2-(but-3-in-1-ylthio)-3-phenylquinazoline-4(3H)-one with bromine, iodine and iodine bromide is regio- and stereo-selective and leads to the formation of 1-(halogenomethylidene)-6-oxo-5-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-[1,3]thiazino[3,2-a]quinazolinium halides of angular structure as E-isomers. On the contrary, the halogen-induced heterocyclization of 2-(pent-4-in-1-ylthio)-3-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one leads to the annelation of thiazepine cycle to quinazoline core with formation of E-1-(bromomethylidene)-7-oxo-6-phenyl-1,2,3,4,6,7-hexahydro-[1,3]thiazepino[3,2-a]quinazolinium tribromide and E-1-(iodomethylidene)-7-oxo-6-phenyl-1,2,3,4,6,7-hexahydro-[1,3]thiazepino[3,2-a]quinazolinium monobromide. It was found that an increase in the carbon length of the terminal alkynyl substituent by one methylene group affects the regioselectivity of the halocyclization process, but does not affect the stereoselectivity.