bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Guidelines for the manufacture of heavy ductile iron castings
Authors: Rączka Marek , Pysz Stanisław , Piotrowski Krzysztof
Published: January 2021

This study is devoted to the analysis of the impact that the basic constituents
of ductile iron (carbon and silicon) and spheroidising treatment combined
with inoculation exert on the final properties of heavy ductile iron castings.
To evaluate the possibility of the application of ductile iron technology in the
manufacture of castings for wind power plants, simulations were conducted
on cast hubs of the rotor blades for wind turbines. For this type of product, it
is necessary to produce castings characterised by a ferritic matrix (over 90%
ferrite) and to reduce the amount of pearlite and graphite to a minimum, both of
which are considered as the main structural constituents that affect the casting
properties. The key guidelines for the manufacture of heavy castings from
ductile iron, wind turbines included, were discussed, with particular emphasis
placed on the process of spheroidising treatment and inoculation, both of which
are aimed at producing in the structure of castings a spheroidal graphite of a size
from 5 to 12 mm (class V to VI) and a ferritic structure in an amount exceeding
90%. This article is the result of the work done by Krakodlew S.A to implement
research project No. POIG 01.04.00-12-116/12, supported by the National
Centre for Research and Development and financed by the European Regional
Development Fund, measure 1.4 POIG (Execution of industrial research and
development in the company Krakodlew S.A., 2014).
Climate change and migration in Asia and the Pacific: trends and implications
Authors: Moiseeva E. M.
Published: January 2021

В статье приводится краткое описание различных эффектов изменения климата, как быстро, так и медленно прогрессирующих, и анализируется их влияние на социально-экономическую ситуацию и миграцию в странах Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона (АТР). В рамках исследуемой проблемы данный регион особенно интересен для изучения, поскольку в нём изменение климата уже оказывает заметное воздействие на жизнь и хозяйственную деятельность людей. Кроме того, регион занимает первое место по количеству стихийных бедствий, которые могли быть спровоцированы изменением климата. Таким образом, изучение климатических миграций в АТР актуально не только с точки зрения понимания насущных проблем региона, но и для построения прогнозных сценариев миграций в других регионах мира по мере ухудшения климатических условий и экологической ситуации в них.
Integration of foreign students studying at Primorsky Krai universities into the local student community
Authors: Sokolovskiy A. Ya
Published: January 2021

В настоящей работе исследуются особенности интеграции иностранных студентов, обучающихся в Дальневосточном федеральном университете, в местное студенческое сообщество. Анализируется динамика привлечения иностранных студентов в вузы Приморского края, выбор ими специальностей, а также комплекс факторов, благодаря которым вузы Приморского края, и, в частности, ДВФУ, являются привлекательными для иностранной молодежи. На примере ДВФУ рассматриваются наиболее успешные практики интеграции иностранных студентов в принимающее сообщество. Показывается, что дополнительными факторами можно считать наличие хорошо отлаженной рекрутинговой системы, а также филиальной сети и представительств вузов за рубежом. Также анализируются те проблемы, с которыми сталкиваются иностранные студенты: недостаточное знание русского языка для освоения программ профессиональной подготовки, наличие определенной культурной дистанции.
Modern migration legislation and migration policy in the countries of North-East Asia
Authors: Gamerman E. V.
Published: January 2021

Миграционные процессы первой четверти ХХI века являются уникальными по своим масштабам, причинам, охватам стран и регионов. Затронули они и такой субрегион мирового глобального пространства, как Северо-Восточная Азия. В него входят такие страны, как Япония, два Корейских государства, Китай и Тайвань, Монголия. То есть это регион, в состав которого входит государство с самой высокой на сегодняшний день численностью населения в мире — Китай, а также страна с очень высокой плотностью, самым моноэтническим населением и в целом негативным общественным отношением к мигрантам — Япония. Помимо этого, Республика Корея, с одной из самых «зеленых» и инновационных экономик в мире, и которая на сегодня включилась в международную борьбу на рынке трудовых ресурсов за высококвалифицированные кадры.
ASEAN migration strategies and programs
Authors: Ledeneva V. Yu
Published: January 2021

Международная миграция — это один из ключевых факторов, определяющих контуры развития Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона. Согласно оценкам Организации Объединенных Наций, в 2017 г. в странах и территориях Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона насчитывалось 67,2 млн. международных мигрантов. И проявляет себя в форме низкоквалифицированной рабочей силы, высококвалифицированной миграции, принудительной миграции, миграции студентов и миграции с целью заключения брака. В статье рассматриваются некоторые стратегии и программы миграции страны АСЕАН на примере двух групп основных стран миграционного процесса. На основе вторичных данных проводится анализ комплексных стратегий, направленных на придание миграции в странах Юго-Восточной Азии безопасного, упорядоченного и легального характера.
Demographic processes, migration, and implementation of national programs in the Russian Far East
Authors: Avdeev Yu. A.
Published: January 2021

В настоящей работе проблемы развития Дальнего Востока рассмотрены через призму демографических и миграционных процессов в стране. Сформулирована задача абсолютного роста населения региона, в которой приоритеты определяются исходя из существенной деформации структуры населения за три десятилетия, а также из понимания неизбежности смены хозяйственной специализации. Это предлагается положить в основу Национальной программы развития Дальнего Востока, что обеспечит позитивную динамику социально-экономического развития региона, и выход на качественно иной уровень интеграционного взаимодействия со странами Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона.
Approaches to GIS visualization of migration in the Far Eastern Federal District
Authors: Miryazov T. R.
Published: January 2021

Анализ и прогнозирование миграционной ситуации является приоритетным направлением в исследовании ситуации в Дальневосточном федеральном округе. В первую очередь, это связано с активным развитием добывающей промышленности и приграничным положением со странами Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона. В связи со сложной структурой миграционных процессов, важным инструментом в работе с данными являются геоинформационные системы (ГИС). В данной статье рассматриваются основные подходы к ГИС-визуализации статистических данных по миграции и изменению численности населения регионов Дальнего Востока. Приводятся примеры использования картографических материалов для анализа миграционной ситуации.
Personalized Law and Fundamental Rights
Authors: Misostishkhov Tembot Z.
Published: January 2021

In recent years, scholars have focused increased attention on the idea of personalized law. It suggests the creation and enforcement of individualized legal norms based on the algorithmic processing of data in the similar manner companies personalize their services using Big Data tools. The article aims to define the role and position of personalized law and to evaluate the risks and consequences of personalization in the context of the emerging digital economy. The research analyses the theoretical grounds of personalized law and justifies its interpretation from the perspective of Hart’s legal positivism striking a balance between the sociological facticity of law and normativism. The study reveals the content, essential features of personalized law and defines its concept. The author analyses the correlation of personalized law with fundamental rights, thus evaluating the risks and consequences of personalization. Particularly, the errors of the approximation of a person’s actual will could occur as part of algorithmic decision-making thereby resulting in discrimination. It appears reasonable that at the beginning, algorithmic personalization should cover only those domains which have the minimal risk of the violation of fundamental norms and of intrusion into the field of social debates. The study underscores, that the transparency of the public sector and of the data-based algorithmic decision-making process is crucial in the context of personalized law, but nevertheless could debase its idea due to opportunistic practices. The issues identified during the research lead one to suggest that professionals who have both legal education and expertise in computer sciences would be in demand in the future. Such professionals could perform the role of independent experts and neutral authority monitoring compliance with data subject’s rights.
IMPLEMENTATION OF RIGHTS IN RELATION TO AIR SPACE
Authors: Kulikova Y. A.
Published: January 2021

The author explores the problem of using and building up the air space as an object of civil right as well as a separate part of a land plot
THE CURRENT STATE OF SUFFRAGE AND ELIGIBILITY
Authors: Lebedeva Y. N.
Published: January 2021

The article considers the latest changes in suffrage and eligibility in a sphere of electoral law, including the current prospect of amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation
ANY LABOR MUST BE PAID... (THE POSSIBILITY OF PAYMENT DURING DELIVERING GOODS FOR STATE AND MUNICIPAL NEEDS)
Authors: Bermes E. A.
Published: January 2021

The article considers the problem of delivery of goods exceeding the volume stipulated by the parties in the absence of a written agreement of the parties, which entails a refusal to pay and, as a result, losses on the sup-plier's side. The author suggests ways to solve this problem by making changes to the legislation that allow additional delivery of goods without conducting a new procurement procedure
BUDGET FORECASTING AND PLANNING: LOCAL AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE
Authors: Lemeshko E. Y.
Published: January 2021

Budget forecasting and planning plays an important role in conducting a sound financial policy. The effectiveness of processes and methods of budget forecasting and planning directly affects the economy of both the state and each territorial entity. The experience gained by foreign countries can be used in the process of reforming budget planning and forecasting in Russia
PECULIARITIES OF THE MARKET OF COSMETIC SERVICES IN KHABAROVSK
Authors: Mazankova T. V. , Kozchenko D. A.
Published: January 2021

The Russian and regional market of cosmetic services, in contrast to the world market, is mainly represented by independent organizations and is highly competitive. Analysis of the market of cosmetic services in Khabarovsk revealed a high potential of the market for eyelash extensions services. A fairly capacious consumer market has been formed, with up to a third of consumers agreeing to receive the service not in the salon, but at the master's home. This is the basis for the development of individual entrepreneurship in the provision of this type of service. It is important to remove some of the masters who provide services "at home" from the shadows. The creation of a training center for eyelash extensions, which would provide its services for masters and individual entrepreneurs of the Far East, will contribute to the further development of the market.
A First-principle Simulation of Blast-wave Emergence at the Photosphere of a Neutron Star Merger
Authors: Lundman Christoffer , Beloborodov Andrei M.
Published: January 2021

We present the first ab initio simulation of a radiation-mediated shock emerging at the photosphere of a relativistic outflow. The simulation is performed using our code radshock that follows fluid dynamics coupled to time-dependent radiative transfer, calculated with the Monte-Carlo method. We use the code to examine the radiative blast wave emerging from neutron star merger GW170817. It was previously proposed that the merger ejected a dark, relativistically expanding, homologous envelope, and then an explosion inside the envelope produced the observed gamma-ray burst GRB 170817A. Our simulation demonstrates how the shock wave generates radiation as it propagates through the envelope, approaches its photosphere, releases the radiation, and collapses, splitting into two collisionless shocks of a microscopic thickness. We find the light curve and the spectral evolution of the produced gamma-ray burst; both are similar to the observed GRB 170817A.
Improving of reparative osteogenesis in patients diagnosed with chronic generalised periodontitis
Authors: Sliusarenko Nazar , Oktysyuk Yuriy , Rozhko Mykola
Published: January 2021

Pathological condition of periodontal structures presents a most complicated and wide spread problem in modern stomatology. According to data provided by WHO the periodontal disorders affect from 55 % up to 99% of population between the ages of 15 to 20 years and varies from 65% up to 98% in the age group from 35 to 44 years.

It has to be emphasized that there is none a single efficient treatment of generalized chronic periodontitis. Therefore, it is vital to improve the existent methods and find the new ones in diagnosis and management of periodontal disorders. The latter remains an actual subject of modern periodontology and surgical stomatology and exceeds a strategic doctrine on the whole.

The article demonstrates the results gained by surgical treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis, III degree of severity obtained by administration of bone-plastic material “Osteoplast-К” together with barrier membrane “Parodoncol” and pharmacological agent with immunomodulating effect «Extra Erbisol». We have observed the high efficiency of the recommended treatment that was proved by positive dynamic of alkali nephosphatase (ALP) in the blood serum of the main group over the period from 4 to 30 days by 21,7% comparing to the initial level (р < 0,05). This investigation suggests that there is higher alveolar bone regeneration in the patients from the main group after the introduced treatment comparing to the control group. On the other hand, activity of aminotranspherase did not changed significantly before and after operation in the control group. The findings also prove that there is no harmful influence of pharmacological agents used in this scheme.
The Political Economy of Revolution and Institutional Change: the Elite and Mass Revolutions
Authors: Vahabi Mehrdad , Batifoulier Philippe , Da Silva Nicolas
Published: January 2021

Dans cet article nous interrogeons une difficulté profonde de la littérature économique portant sur les questions du conflit et de révolution. Le conflit en général et la révolution en particulier ne sont pas nécessairement négatifs ou le « côté obscur de l’intérêt personnel » ou de mauvaises choses. Ils peuvent être la source d’efficacité politique et économique en fonction de leur incidence sur le changement institutionnel. La révolution échappe à la dichotomie d’Hirschman sur les mécanismes correctifs, prise de parole ( voice ) versus défection ( exit ). Nous considérons la révolution comme un cri ou hurlement ( scream ) qui conduit à rejeter les règles du jeu existantes et à proposer de nouvelles règles du jeu. Notre cadre théorique suggère que les révolutions sont une source d’innovation institutionnelle caractérisée par un processus de dé-institutionnalisation et de ré-institutionnalisation. La sélection adaptative, au sens de Veblen, fondée sur la différenciation, l’héritage et la sélection via une lutte pour la survie, fournit une explication endogène à ces processus. Nous explorons alors l’impact de la révolution sur le changement institutionnel en nous intéressant à deux types de révolutions, les révolutions d’élite et les révolutions de masse. Les premières sont dirigées par une fraction des anciennes élites, tandis que les secondes sont guidées par des groupes sociaux et des classes sociales qui étaient auparavant non dominantes. La Glorieuse révolution britannique de 1688 et la Révolution française de 1789 sont des figures emblématiques de ces deux types de révolutions. La séparation entre la propriété et la souveraineté a été accomplie par ces deux révolutions mais par différentes voies d’innovations institutionnelles. Nos références sur la Révolution britannique sont exclusivement limitées aux anciens et aux néo-institutionnalistes afin de discuter leur cadre théorique et une conception du conflit centrée sur la négociation. Notre analyse de la Révolution française s’appuie sur notre propre cadre théorique et sur les éléments de preuve empiriques disponibles dans littérature historique.
Assisted Living: Optimal Person–Environment Fit
Authors: Siegel Elena O. , Bowers Barbara J. , Carder Paula , Young Heather M.
Published: January 2021

Assisted living (AL) is a well-established alternative to nursing homes, promoting autonomy and choice in a residential environment. This article examines the opportunities that AL affords for older adults and areas for further research to optimize the fit between resident needs and the AL environment. The model of person–environment fit provides an organizing framework for our commentary. The environment of AL emphasizes choice, independence, and privacy. The acuity of health care needs in AL residents has evolved since its inception. Unlike earlier residents, many today live with multiple chronic conditions and need for functional supports. Regulated by states, there is high variability in oversight, staffing, and resources available in AL. Families play an important role in supporting residents, yet expectations for their engagement may not be clear. Descriptive research abounds but there is a need for more sophisticated approaches to understanding how the AL environment can provide optimal supports for older adults, across all states and across income and racial/ethnic groups. There are several methodological challenges to AL research, including the high variability among AL settings and across states, the lack of common data elements, and difficulty accessing representative samples. With the popularity of AL as an option, it will be important to continue to examine how this environment can evolve to meet the changing needs of the resident population, while balancing the elements of autonomy and affordability. [
Research in Gerontological Nursing, 14
(1), 5–12.]
Distribución y consumo de cuentas de fluorita y translúcidas en la península ibérica del VI al II milenios ANE
Authors: Garrido-Cordero José Ángel , Odriozola Carlos P. , Sousa Ana C. , Gonçalves Victor S. , Cardoso João Luís
Published: January 2021

Los minerales translúcidos fueron apreciados por las sociedades prehistóricas por su rareza, y fueron utilizados como elementos altamente simbólicos. Este trabajo aborda el uso y la caracterización de las cuentas translúcidas de la península ibérica, mediante análisis químico (espectroscopía Raman, espectrómetro de fluorescencia de rayos X portátil, difracción de rayos X y espectroscopia en región visible y en infrarrojo cercano) y contextual, junto a una revisión de la bibliografía arqueológica sobre la producción y uso de adornos y elementos translúcidos durante la Prehistoria Reciente ibérica. Un total de 54 cuentas de 47 yacimientos, mayoritariamente funerarios, han sido analizadas; 33 fueron trabajadas en fluorita, mientras que las restantes 21 fueron realizadas en distintos minerales translúcidos (calcita, cuarzo y varios silicatos). La escasez de adornos translúcidos en el registro arqueológico, su escala regional y suprarregional de intercambio, y su asociación recurrente a otros elementos de prestigio en contextos singulares refuerzan la hipótesis del alto estatus de sus poseedores/portadores.
Prácticas ganaderas y minería neolítica: nuevos datos de las minas de variscita de Gavà (Barcelona)
Authors: Navarrete Vanessa , Bosch Josep , Saña Maria
Published: January 2021

Las prácticas ganaderas han jugado un papel importante en la organización socioeconómica de las sociedades mineras. Este trabajo presenta los resultados del análisis arqueozoológico y tafonómico de los restos de fauna recuperados en la Mina16 en Gavà (Barcelona). Los análisis de los restos de fauna se utilizaron para determinar la importancia ganadera en las prácticas de subsistencia, el origen y la dinámica de depósito del conjunto faunístico en el relleno de la Mina16. Las actividades mineras en Gavà no reemplazaron la producción especializada de subsistencia, sino que la complementaron. Los resultados sugieren que los restos de fauna encontrados en las minas fueron residuos de producción y consumo, lo que proporciona evidencia nueva y complementaria del asentamiento asociado con las estructuras mineras.
Students Perception about the Use of Jupyter Notebook in Power Systems Education
Authors: Nwulu Nnamdi I , Damisa Uyikumhe , Gbadamosi Saheed Lekan
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine students’ computer attitudes and experience, as well as students’ perceptions about the use of Jupyter notebook in the Electrical Engineering context, specifically in teaching Power Systems. Forty-five power systems students in the department of Electrical Engineering Science at the University of Johannesburg took part in this study. Results suggest that students hold favorable computer attitudes and perception about the use of the Jupyter notebook in power systems education. Furthermore, the feedback from respondents can help software developers make informed decision about aspects of the application to improve.
Intelligent Car Anti-Theft Face Recognition System
Authors: V Akila , K Sriharshini , P Sravani , D Sravanthi , Gopi Rishita , T Sheela
Published: January 2021

Abstract - Security and safety of the car is the major problem of vehicle users in the present situation. The growth in Biometric Technologies has provided a way to solve the safety and security problems. Here, we use Open CV Face Detection Subsystem (FDS) which works using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) module along with Arduino. This model provides a cheaper cost security system for four or more-wheeled vehicles. This project describes the foremost module for Open CV Face Detection Subsystem (FDS) which takes photos of driver using Open CV algorithm and compare it in database provided with photos of different drivers. The other modules are being useful to send all the authorized information about vehicle to the owner. The whole system works based on Arduino module. This system we can keep track of our vehicle in a very cheaper cost and more accurate. Using this system the identification of the thief will be easy and tracking the location of the car will be faster and cheaper than earlier method.
Web Based Recognition and Translation of American Sign Language with CNN and RNN
Authors: Bendarkar Dhanashree Shyam , Somase Pratiksha Appasaheb , Rebari Preety Kalyansingh , Paturkar Renuka Ramkrishna , Khan Arjumand Masood
Published: January 2021

Individuals with hearing hindrance utilize gesture based communication to exchange their thoughts. Generally hand movements are used by them to communicate among themselves. But there are certain limitations when they communicate with other people who cannot understand these hand movements. There is a need to have a mechanism that can act as a translator between these people to communicate. It would be easier for these people to interact if there exists direct infrastructure that is able to convert signs to text and voice messages. As of late, numerous such frameworks for gesture based communication acknowledgment have been developed. But most of them are made either for static gesture recognition or dynamic gesture recognition. As sentences are generated using combinations of static and dynamic gestures, it would be simpler for hearing debilitated individuals if such computerized frameworks can detect both the static and dynamic motions together. We have proposed a design and architecture of American Sign Language (ASL) recognition with convolutional neural networks (CNN). This paper utilizes a pretrained VGG-16 architecture for static gesture recognition and for dynamic gesture recognition, spatiotemporal features were learnt with the complex architecture, called deep learning. It contains a bidirectional convolutional Long Short Term Memory network (ConvLSTM) and 3D convolutional neural network (3DCNN) and this architecture is responsible to extract  2D spatio temporal features.
Le corps au cœur de la sémiose dans l’action didactique conjointe. Illustration en éducation musicale à l’école primaire au sein du dispositif DEMOS
Authors: Le Paven Jarno Maël , Nillès Marianne
Published: January 2021

Cette étude s’intéresse à la sémiose (production et déchiffrement de signes) dans l’action conjointe professeur/élèves et élèves/élèves en classe de cours moyen première année, lors de cours d’éducation musicale suivis au sein du dispositif DEMOS (Dispositif d’éducation musicale et orchestrale à vocation sociale). Ce dispositif vise à ouvrir l’accès à l’apprentissage musical et à la pratique en orchestre symphonique à des élèves issus de quartiers relevant de la politique de la ville ou de zones rurales peu dotées en institutions culturelles. Ce travail s’appuie sur une étude de cas portant sur des leçons de trompette menées par une enseignante d’un conservatoire à rayonnement régional. Il s’inscrit dans le cadre de la théorie de l’action conjointe en didactique. À partir d’extraits filmés d’une séquence d’enseignement et d’entretiens menés avec l’enseignante, nous montrons comment l’ingéniosité qu’elle développe, afin d’enseigner la pratique instrumentale à un groupe de cinq élèves, sans passer par un travail écrit préalable, conduit ce groupe à co-construire un système de signes qui lui permet de s’approprier les savoirs nécessaires à la production d’une œuvre commune. Nous analysons la façon dont ces signes, qui positionnent le corps au cœur des stratégies d’enseignement-apprentissage, favorisent les ajustements individuels et collectifs nécessaires au développement de compétences qui, dépassant les seuls apprentissages « musicaux », s’inscrivent en phase avec les enjeux de socialisation du projet DEMOS.
Entre a República e a Província: administração fiscal em tempo de guerra no Rio Grande de São Pedro, 1835-1845
Authors: Miranda Márcia Eckert
Published: January 2021

O início do período Regencial (1831-1840) no Brasil foi marcado pelo movimento de transformação das instituições e normas herdadas do período colonial, abrangendo a justiça, o serviço militar de segunda linha, entre outras. Na área fiscal, essas reformas se deram inicialmente pela a lei do orçamento de 1832 que estabeleceu a divisão dos impostos e despesas que cabiam ao governo central e às províncias e pelo Ato Adicional de 1834 à Constituição que concedeu às assembleias provinciais o poder de legislar sobre seus impostos. Em consequência, as províncias tiveram que progressivamente estabelecer órgãos e nomear funcionários encarregados da administração fazendária. No Rio Grande do Sul, a província mais meridional do Brasil, esse movimento foi especialmente conturbado devido à guerra civil (1835-1845) e à secessão do território provincial sob o controle dos rebeldes que proclamaram uma república, o Estado Rio-Grandense. O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar como se deu a administração tributária em tempo de guerra nas duas entidades políticas existentes no território sul-rio-grandense entre 1836 e 1845, observando os limites impostos pela necessidade de mobilizar recursos para o conflito e pela relação como governo central brasileiro.
À frente da edição e na liderança do laicato: cultura, política e periodismo católico no Brasil de 1935
Authors: Peixoto Renato Amado , Rodrigues Cândido Moreira
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo tem como objeto de trabalho o estudo do surgimento e da consolidação de um projeto político-cultural da elite intelectual católica organizada a partir do Centro D. Vital, voltado ao trabalho com a chamada ‘Boa Imprensa’ como forma de mediação entre o religioso, o político e o social. A escolha dessa abordagem se insere numa problemática já clássica na historiografia sobre a reorganização do catolicismo no Brasil: o engajamento de intelectuais católicos no emprego de meios caros à modernidade – a Imprensa – e que haviam sido alvos de sua própria crítica. Buscamos evidenciar as especificidades das expressões religiosas e atitudes políticas de dois periódicos católicos, a Revista A Ordem, do Centro D. Vital do Rio de Janeiro, e do diário A Ordem, órgão oficioso da Diocese de Natal. A metodologia utilizada é a análise dos editoriais e artigos dos periódicos, e focaremos no exame dos conteúdos no tocante ao tema do comunismo até o Levante de 1935. Nossa pesquisa busca explicar o investimento no periodismo católico, enquanto uma prática de agregação e defesa, que preparou ideais religiosos, criou e compartilhou uma cultura política integrando as diversas espacialidades do catolicismo no território brasileiro. Essa interdependência no campo católico possibilitou a existência de uma rede de imprensa informal centrada no Rio de Janeiro. E avançamos a ideia de que a função de editor e redator dos periódicos ligou-se à atuação política de tal modo que acabaria se atribuindo uma função de liderança sobre o nascente laicato católico.
A construção do Banco Mundial como ator político, intelectual e financeiro do desenvolvimento capitalista internacional (1940-81)
Authors: Pereira João Márcio Mendes
Published: January 2021

Com mais de 75 anos de história, o Banco Mundial tem evidenciado notável capacidade de crescer de maneira incremental, adaptando-se às mudanças da economia política internacional. Este artigo analisa a construção do Banco Mundial como ator político, intelectual e financeiro do desenvolvimento capitalista internacional, discutindo as formas pelas quais se deu essa construção, que meios principais foram utilizados, que contradições ele enfrentou e a quais pressões e interesses respondeu. A despeito da fachada técnica, o Banco sempre atuou, ainda que de diferentes formas, na interface dos campos político, econômico e intelectual, em função da sua condição singular de emprestador, formulador de políticas e indutor de ideias e prescrições sobre o que fazer em matéria de desenvolvimento capitalista. Nessa trajetória sinuosa, mas ascendente, o Banco assumiu um lugar central entre as demais agências de desenvolvimento nascidas após a Segunda Guerra Mundial. O texto se baseia em documentação primária e vasta bibliografia. O argumento central é o de que o Banco Mundial somente se consolida como agência de desenvolvimento com a gestão de McNamara (1968-81).
Entrepreneurial Pillars and Women Entrepreneurship Relationship in OECD Countries
Authors: Barrachina Mercedes , Garcia Centeno Maria del Carmen , Calderón Patier Carmen
Published: January 2021

This chapter has the main objective of investigating whether there is a relationship between the main pillars considered in the “Global Competitiveness Report” database and the rate of female entrepreneurship in OECD countries with available data using the fsQCA methodology. These pillars are the basic ones (institutions, infrastructure, macroeconomic environment, primary education, and health), the efficiency enhancers (higher education, efficiency of the goods market, efficiency of the labor market, development of the financial market, technological preparation, size market), and the pillars related to innovation (business sophistication and innovation itself). It is based on the data available for the OECD countries for the year 2016, which cover different geographical areas. The purpose of this analysis is to extract specific conclusions about potential entrepreneurship policies that could be applied, government programs that could be developed, and specific measurements to be designed to improve female entrepreneurship at national level.
Role of Digitalization Post-Pandemic for Development of SMEs
Authors: Joseph Emil , M. Dhanabhakyam M.
Published: January 2021

SMEs are the backbone of India's economy; due to the serious effect of the pandemic COVID-19, almost all the sectors are in a serious threat. This also reflects the SME sector more than any of the sectors. In this chapter, the researcher will analyze the problems faced by SMEs due to the pandemic. For the purpose of analysis, the researcher uses various statistical tools. Most of the data are collected from secondary sources and some of the data are collected using primary sources by issuing questionnaires through social media. SMEs are key players in the global landscape, especially in emerging economies. According to the World Bank, SMEs account for 90% of businesses and more than 50% of jobs. SMEs around the world focus on services, which are characterized by low access costs and low resource requirements. However, there is also a large diversity of SMEs due to different market conditions. According to the country's Ministry of Economy, SMEs represent more than 98% of the total number of companies operating in the country.
SME Financial Inclusivity for Sustainable Entrepreneurship in Namibia During COVID-19
Authors: Randa Isaac Okoth , Atiku Sulaiman Olusegun
Published: January 2021

The general reduction in the supply of labor, disruptions of supply chains, sudden loss of demand, and revenue by COVID-19 pandemic have negatively affected SMEs leading to their inability to operate normally causing liquidity constraints. Presumably, financial systems that reduce information asymmetry, transaction costs, ease external financial constraints, moderate market frictions, and ameliorate structural impediments limiting entrepreneurs and economic agents are instrumental. This chapter adopts an interpretive research perspective mainly employing documentary and secondary data analysis to explore descriptively the state of financial inclusivity and sustainable entrepreneurship in Namibia. Financial inclusivity explains entrepreneurship resilience through reduction of credit constraints embedded in irrecoverable start-up costs, limits operational innovations, hinders building production facilities and constructing distribution networks. Adopting SMEs' financial health framework, this study concludes that a multi-sectoral approach to SMEs' financial inclusivity is promising.
State Support of Russian Small and Medium-Sized Business in the COVID-19 Pandemic and Development Prospects
Authors: Burdenko Elena Viktorovna , Bykasova Elena Vyacheslavovna , Mudrova Svetlana Vladimirovna
Published: January 2021

The chapter provides a retrospective analysis of entrepreneurship development in Russia from the 9th century to 2020. It highlights four periods in the development of SMEs in Russia and gives characteristics of each of the periods. It also highlights criteria for classifying enterprises as small and medium-sized businesses according to Russian legislation. A retrospective analysis of government programs to support SMEs from 1994 to 2020 was carried out. The state support program, effective since 2016, “Strategy for the Development of Small and Medium-Sized Businesses in the Russian Federation for the Period Ending 2030,” is considered in detail. Attention is paid to target indicators of SME development until 2030. An analysis of measures of state support for SMEs in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic has been carried out, highlighting the most affected industries. An analysis of SMEs by region of Russia was also carried out. An analysis of SMEs in effected industries in the post-pandemic period is carried out.
Strategies for Sustainability of IE3H Sector in the COVID-19 Era
Authors: Baragde Dileep Baburao
Published: January 2021

Ever since independence, industries have been the temples of modern India. Now, with a fast-growing IE3H sector, policymakers have focused on strengthening IT, hospitality, and hygiene with investments in basic services such as health and education. When it comes to public infrastructure, they have also predominantly supported development in India. The Indian economy was weakening even before the pandemic struck the world. Yet, this is not co-morbidity. The economy has always displayed remarkable resilience and has the ability to face the challenge. However, the economic blueprint for the country will need to be redrawn, at least for one or two years, with survival and revival taking precedence over expansion and growth. This is the time to strengthen the foundations of the economy, such as the IT, hospitality, hygiene, health, and education sectors.
Investigation of the Physical Learning Environment of Distance Learning Under COVID-19 and Its Influence on Students' Health and Learning Satisfaction
Authors: Zhao Lixin , Hwang Wu-Yuin , Shih Timothy K.
Published: January 2021

Most undergraduates in Mainland China receive distance education from home because of the COVID-19 outbreak. The unique physical environment of distance learning may have effects not only on student learning but also on student physical and mental health. This study reviewed related studies of the physical learning environment and its influence on learners' physical and mental health. Using factor analysis, the authors developed a questionnaire to measure students' perceptions towards their physical learning environment and their physical and mental health and verified the reliability. Regression analysis was used to explore the influence of physical environment perception on physical health and mental health perception, as well as the predictive ability of these three factors on learning satisfaction. The results of this study provide researchers and educators with insight into learners' perceptions of the physical learning environment and their physical and mental health under COVID-19 and offer suggestions for improving distance-learning satisfaction.
Food safety in collective catering: knowledge, attitudes and correct application of GHP/GMP knowledge among foodservice workers
Authors: Disanto Chiara , Celano Giuseppe , Dambrosio Angela , Quaglia Nicoletta Cristiana , Bozzo Giancarlo , Tritto Antonio , Celano Gaetano Vitale
Published: January 2021

Food safety critically reliant on the behaviors adopted by foodservice personnel, involved in various stages of meal preparation, from the supply of raw food materials until its distribution to the consumer. The purpose of this work was to collect information on the level of knowledge on food safety, the correct application of the Good Hygiene Practices (GHP) and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and the attitudes of the operators involved in collective catering. The survey was conducted among 15 social catering companies in Apulia (Italy) using a modified Sharif and Al-Malki (2010) anonymous questionnaire intended to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the food handlers. The results highlight the need to improve both knowledge and practices regarding food hygiene and safety in order to minimize the risk of transmitting foodborne diseases. More careful planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of training programs for foodservice workers is required, taking into consideration the provisions of European food laws.
LEONI AND HAYEK ON NOMOS AND PHYSIS
Authors: Cubeddu Raimondo
Published: January 2021

Nel 1949, mettendo a disposizione degli studenti pavesi di Giurisprudenza delle Dispense dal titolo Il pensieroantico, Bruno Leoni non immaginava che stava contribuendo a porre le basi per una riformulazionedi quella che nello stesso anno Friedrich A. von Hayek aveva chiamato la tradizione del “true individualism” tracciando così una nuova storia delle origini e dello sviluppo della tradizione liberale. infatti, dopoaver descritto l’origine dei concetti di nomos e di physis nella filosofia greca, in quelle DispenseLeoni intende la soluzione epicurea e la sua dottrina del contratto come un qualcosa di “eccezionale importanza per lo sviluppo della speculazione intorno al diritto ed allo Stato nell’età moderna”. Accennato all’importanza che negli stessi anni Ludwig von Mises e Leo Strauss attribuiranno all’epicureismo nella nascita della ‘modernità, il saggio analizza la tesi leoniana sul rapporto tra nomos e physis e, illustratane l’affinità con la tesi di Carl Menger sulla nascita “irriflessa” delle principali istituzioni sociali e del diritto, mostra il modo in cui tale rapporto ha influenzato Hayek e come si rifletta nella di lui (e di Michael Oakeshott) dicotomia tra i modelli istituzionali ‘nomocratici’ e quelli ‘teleocratici’. Un breve cenno, nel finale, al modo in cui tracce della dottrina epicurea del contratto possono essere ravvisate nella teoria dello “scambio di pretese” che Leoni pone all’origine del diritto.
Glutathione (GSH) improves sperm quality and testicular morphology in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice
Authors: Abdullah Fathiah , Nor-Ashikin Mohamed Noor Khan , Agarwal Renu , Kamsani Yuhaniza Shafinie , Abd Malek Mastura , Bakar Nor Salmah , Mohammad Kamal Aqila-Akmal , Sarbandi Mimi-Sophia , Abdul Rahman Nor-Shahida , Musa Nurul Huda
Published: January 2021

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is known to cause reproductive impairment. In men, it has been linked to altered sperm quality and testicular damage. Oxidative stress (OS) plays a pivotal role in the development of DM complications. Glutathione (GSH) is a part of a nonenzymatic antioxidant defense system that protects lipid, protein, and nucleic acids from oxidative damage. However, the protective effects of exogenous GSH on the male reproductive system have not been comprehensively examined. This study determined the impact of GSH supplementation in ameliorating the adverse effect of type 1 DM on sperm quality and the seminiferous tubules of diabetic C57BL/6NTac mice. GSH at the doses of 15 mg kg−1 and 30 mg kg−1 was given intraperitoneally to mice weekly for 6 consecutive weeks. The mice were then weighed, euthanized, and had their reproductive organs excised. The diabetic (D Group) showed significant impairment of sperm quality and testicular histology compared with the nondiabetic (ND Group). Diameters of the seminiferous lumen in diabetic mice treated with 15 mg kg−1 GSH (DGSH15) were decreased compared with the D Group. Sperm motility was also significantly increased in the DGSH15 Group. Improvement in testicular morphology might be an early indication of the protective roles played by the exogenous GSH in protecting sperm quality from effects of untreated type 1 DM or diabetic complications. Further investigation using different doses and different routes of GSH is necessary to confirm this suggestion.
Long-term outcomes of EUS-guided lauromacrogol ablation for the treatment of pancreatic cystic neoplasms
Authors: Du Chen , Chai Ningli , Linghu Enqiang , Li Huikai , Feng Xiuxue , Ning Bo , Wang Xiangdong , Tang Ping
Published: January 2021

Background and Objectives:

We initially reported EUS-guided lauromacrogol ablation (EUS-LA) to treat pancreatic cystic neoplasms (PCNs); however, its long-term effectiveness remains unknown. This study was performed to further determine the effectiveness of EUS-LA in a larger population with a long-term follow-up based on 5 years of experience with EUS-LA.

Materials and Methods:

From April 2015 to April 2020, 279 patients suspected of having PCNs were prospectively enrolled, and seventy patients underwent EUS-guided ablation using lauromacrogol alone. Fifty-five patients underwent follow-up, 35 of whom had a follow-up duration of at least 12 months. The effectiveness of ablation was determined based on volume changes.

Results:

Among the fifty female and twenty male patients with an overall mean age of 50.3 years, cysts were located in the head/neck of the pancreas in 37 patients (52.9%) and in the body/tail of the pancreas in 33 patients (47.1%). The adverse events rate was 3.6% (3/84), with 14 patients undergoing a second ablation. Among the 55 patients who underwent follow-up, the median cystic volume sharply decreased from 11,494.0 mm3 to 523.6 mm3 (P < 0.001), and the mean diameter decreased from 32.0 mm to 11.0 mm (P < 0.001). Postoperative imaging showed complete resolution (CR) in 26 patients (47.3%) and partial resolution (PR) in 15 (27.3%) patients. CR was observed in 18 (51.4%), and PR was observed in 9 (25.7%) patients among the 35 patients followed for at least 12 months.

Conclusions:

EUS-LA was effective and safe for the treatment of PCNs with stable effectiveness based on at least 12 months of follow-up.
Pediatric keratoconus - Current perspectives and clinical challenges
Authors: Anitha Venugopal , Vanathi Murugesan , Raghavan Anita , Rajaraman Revathi , Ravindran Meenakshi , Tandon Radhika
Published: January 2021

Keratoconus is an ectatic corneal disease characterized by progressive stromal thinning, irregular astigmatism, and defective vision. It can be unilateral or bilateral with asymmetric presentation. It starts at puberty and either progresses rapidly to an advanced stage of the disease or stops in case of delayed onset and slow progression. Pediatric keratoconus is more aggressive than in adults and the management protocols differ because of various rationales such as accelerated progression, advanced stage of disease at the time of diagnosis and co-morbidities. It poses a burden to the society as it affects the quality of life, social, and educational development in children. Hence early diagnosis, recognition of progression, and timely intervention with collagen crosslinking is imperative to arrest the worsening. Association with systemic syndromes and ocular comorbidities can be of concern in pediatric keratoconus. Severe ocular allergy when associated hastens progress and complicates timely intervention of crosslinking treatment and compliance to contact lens wear. Keratoplasty in pediatric keratoconus has good outcomes but can encounter frequent suture-related concerns. This article discusses the epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical challenges, and current perspectives of management of pediatric keratoconus.
Extent of multifocality with corneal manipulation in manual small incision cataract surgery with monofocal posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation
Authors: Bandrakalli Parasappa , Rani Vidya , Yogesh R B , Bagrecha Nirmal Kumar , Pavan G
Published: January 2021

Purpose:

To compare the visual outcome in terms of multifocality in Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery (MSICS) with and without intraoperative manipulation of corneal curvature.

Methods:

This was a prospective study on 80 subjects (80 eyes) who underwent MSICS with monofocal posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) implantation between January 2018 and October 2019. Intraoperative manipulation of corneal curvature using viscoelastics was performed during MSICS in 40 subjects (cases) while this intraoperative manipulation was not performed in the remaining 40 subjects (controls). Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) and uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA) were compared at day 1, 7, 30 and 180postoperatively.

Results:

At 1 month and 6 months of follow up, UDVA was comparable in the 2 groups. UNVA was better in cases than controls at 1 month and6 months (P < 0.001). At 6 months of follow up,76% of cases with UDVA of 6/9 or better had UNVA of N8 while only 15% of controls with UDVA of 6/9 or better had UNVA of N8 (P <0.001). Mean near add requirement to achieve a best corrected near vision (BCNV)of N6 at 6 months was significantly lesser (P =0.002) in cases (+2.05 D) compared to controls (+2.43D).

Conclusion:

MSICS with intra operative manipulation of corneal curvature resulted in better unaided near visual acuity compared to that without intra operative manipulation of corneal curvature, without compromising unaided distant visual acuity.