bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of the combination of ezetimibe and statins for hyperlipidemia
Authors: Yang Tianfu , Li Weijuan , Chen Weiwei , Zhu Donghong , Ren Yuxi , Huang Xiongfeng
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Hyperlipidemia is increasingly recognized as a significant global health issue, often associated with conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. While statins are frequently prescribed to manage lipid levels, recent studies indicate that reliance solely on statin therapy may present certain disadvantages, including prolonged treatment durations, the potential for drug resistance, and various adverse effects. Research indicates that the combination of ezetimibe and statins demonstrates a favorable therapeutic effect in the management of hyperlipidemia. However, existing studies have not consistently confirmed these benefits, and there is no current meta-analysis available. As a result, we will perform a meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness and safety of the combination of ezetimibe and statins in managing hyperlipidemia, aiming to offer evidence-based medical guidance for clinical practice.

Methods and analysis

The systematic review and meta-analysis will adhere to the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. We will search for randomized controlled trials that investigate the efficacy and safety of the combination of ezetimibe and statins in treating hyperlipidemia, based on specific criteria. The following electronic databases will be searched by two researchers for relevant records published up to October 1, 2024: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in Cochrane Library, Embase.com, Web of Science, MEDLINE (via PubMed), Wanfang China Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) and Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP). They will also check references and relevant journals manually. Two independent reviewers will handle screening, data extraction, and quality assessment. Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias analysis will be performed to assess consistency and reliability. Review Manager 5.4 will be used for data analysis and synthesis, while the GRADE approach will be employed to evaluate the overall study’s evidence quality.

Expected results

The findings of this systematic review will be shared with various stakeholders who are interested in the combination of ezetimibe and statins for hyperlipidemia. This will offer valuable insights for researchers undertaking future investigations and for clinical practitioners specializing in the treatment of hyperlipidemia.

Ethics and dissemination

This study is based on a secondary analysis of the literature, so ethical review approval is not required. The final report will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

Study registration

The protocol of the systematic review has been registered on Open Science Framework, with a registration DOI https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/TEVUY.
Assessing the effectiveness of fuzzy logic-based models for predicting sports event outcomes: A CRITIC-VIKOR approach
Authors: Liu Taibo
Published: December 2024

Incorporating fuzzy logic-based models into sports prediction has generated significant interest due to the intricate nature of athletic events and the many factors influencing their outcomes. This study evaluates the effectiveness of fuzzy logic-based models in predicting sports event outcomes using a hybrid CRITIC-VIKOR approach. The objective is to improve the accuracy and reliability of sports predictions by addressing the complexity and uncertainty inherent in sports data. The study utilizes a comprehensive dataset comprising historical data on team performance, player statistics, and other relevant factors influencing sports outcomes. The CRITIC method determines each criterion’s importance, while the VIKOR method ranks the predictive models to identify the optimal choice. Key findings indicate that the proposed hybrid approach significantly enhances the precision of predictions compared to traditional methods. The best-performing model identified through this approach provides reliable decision support for sports analysts, coaches, and managers. The study recommends incorporating this integrated model into sports analytics for better team management and sports betting decision-making.
Machine learning methods for predicting essential metabolic genes from Plasmodium falciparum genome-scale metabolic network
Authors: Isewon Itunuoluwa , Binaansim Stephen , Adegoke Faith , Emmanuel Jerry , Oyelade Jelili
Published: December 2024

Essential genes are those whose presence is vital for a cell’s survival and growth. Detecting these genes in disease-causing organisms is critical for various biological studies, including understanding microbe metabolism, engineering genetically modified microorganisms, and identifying targets for treatment. When essential genes are expressed, they give rise to essential proteins. Identifying these genes, especially in complex organisms like Plasmodium falciparum, which causes malaria, is challenging due to the cost and time associated with experimental methods. Thus, computational approaches have emerged. Early research in this area prioritised the study of less intricate organisms, inadvertently neglecting the complexities of metabolite transport in metabolic networks. To overcome this, a Network-based Machine Learning framework was proposed. It assessed various network properties in Plasmodium falciparum, using a Genome-Scale Metabolic Model (iAM_Pf480) from the BiGG database and essentiality data from the Ogee database. The proposed approach substantially improved gene essentiality predictions as it considered the weighted and directed nature of metabolic networks and utilised network-based features, achieving a high accuracy rate of 0.85 and an AuROC of 0.7. Furthermore, this study enhanced the understanding of metabolic networks and their role in determining gene essentiality in Plasmodium falciparum. Notably, our model identified 9 genes previously considered non-essential in the Ogee database but now predicted to be essential, with some of them potentially serving as drug targets for malaria treatment, thereby opening exciting research avenues.
DC algorithm for estimation of sparse Gaussian graphical models
Authors: Shiratori Tomokaze , Takano Yuichi
Published: December 2024

Sparse estimation of a Gaussian graphical model (GGM) is an important technique for making relationships between observed variables more interpretable. Various methods have been proposed for sparse GGM estimation, including the graphical lasso that uses the ℓ1 norm regularization term, and other methods that use nonconvex regularization terms. Most of these methods approximate the ℓ0 (pseudo) norm by more tractable functions; however, to estimate more accurate solutions, it is preferable to directly use the ℓ0 norm for counting the number of nonzero elements. To this end, we focus on sparse estimation of GGM with the cardinality constraint based on the ℓ0 norm. Specifically, we convert the cardinality constraint into an equivalent constraint based on the largest-K norm, and reformulate the resultant constrained optimization problem into an unconstrained penalty form with a DC (difference of convex functions) representation. To solve this problem efficiently, we design a DC algorithm in which the graphical lasso algorithm is repeatedly executed to solve convex optimization subproblems. Experimental results using two synthetic datasets show that our method achieves results that are comparable to or better than conventional methods for sparse GGM estimation. Our method is particularly advantageous for selecting true edges when cross-validation is used to determine the number of edges. Moreover, our DC algorithm converges within a practical time frame compared to the graphical lasso.
Neuroblastoma-derived hypoxic extracellular vesicles promote metastatic dissemination in a zebrafish model
Authors: Fietta Anna , Fusco Pina , Germano Giuseppe , Micheli Sara , Sorgato Marco , Lucchetta Giovanni , Cimetta Elisa
Published: December 2024

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a valuable model organism for studying human biology due to its easy genetic manipulation and small size. It is optically transparent and shares genetic similarities with humans, making it ideal for studying developmental processes, diseases, and drug screening via imaging-based approaches. Solid malignant tumors often contain hypoxic areas that stimulate the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), lipid-bound structures released by cells into the extracellular space, that facilitate short- and long-range intercellular communication and metastatization. Here we investigate the effects of EVs derived from neuroblastoma (NB), a pediatric solid tumor, on metastatic niche formation using the zebrafish as an in vivo model. Intravascular injection in zebrafish embryos allows a non-invasive visualization of EVs dispersion, uptake, and interactions with host cells. To improve repeatability of our results and ease the injection steps, we used an agarose device replica molded from a custom designed micromilled aluminum mold. We first demonstrated that EVs released under hypoxic conditions promote angiogenesis and are more easily internalized by endothelial cells than those purified from normoxic cells. We also showed that injection of with hypoxic EVs increased macrophages mobilization. We then focused on the caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT) region of the embryo as a potential metastatic site. After hypoxic EVs injection, we highlighted changes in the expression of mmp-9 and cxcl8b genes. Furthermore, we investigated the ability of NB-derived EVs to prime a metastatic niche by a two-step injection of EVs first, followed by NB cells. Interestingly, we found that embryos injected with hypoxic EVs had more proliferating NB cells than those injected with normoxic EVs. Our findings suggest that EVs released by hypoxic NB cells alter the behavior of recipient cells in the zebrafish embryo and promote metastatic outgrowth. In addition, we demonstrated the ability of the zebrafish embryo to be a suitable model for studying the interactions between EVs and recipient cells in the metastatic process.
Dinâmicas de urbanização e estratégias de gestão territorial: o caso do Chapéu do Sol em Várzea Grande, Brazil
Authors: Carignani Gisele , Tomaz de Oliveira Caio César
Published: December 2024

O estudo aborda as dinâmicas de urbanização e estratégias de gestão territorial em Várzea Grande, parte da Região Metropolitana do Vale do Rio Cuiabá (RMVRC). A pesquisa analisa criticamente a produção e organização do espaço urbano, especialmente em áreas de expansão sem infraestrutura, em contraste com os vazios urbanos nas regiões consolidadas da cidade. O objetivo é identificar fatores que contribuem para a configuração urbana atual e desafios na gestão do crescimento urbano. A metodologia combina revisão bibliográfica e análise documental. A revisão envolveu literatura sobre urbanização, planejamento urbano e legislações municipais, além de processos históricos de Várzea Grande. A análise documental examinou leis municipais, incluindo o Plano Diretor, a Lei de Parcelamento do Solo Urbano e a Lei de Zoneamento. Ferramentas de geoprocessamento e sistemas de informação geográfica (SIG) mapearam a distribuição espacial das infraestruturas, uso do solo e padrões de crescimento urbano. Os resultados indicam que a expansão urbana em Várzea Grande é frequentemente induzida para áreas carentes de infraestrutura, enquanto grandes vazios urbanos permanecem nas áreas consolidadas. Essa dinâmica resulta em desafios significativos para o planejamento urbano sustentável e eficaz, exigindo abordagens integradas que considerem a infraestrutura existente e promovam a ocupação racional dos espaços urbanos.
Análisis de patrones de consumo energético en centros de salud de baja complejidad en Tucumán, Argentina
Authors: Fernández Amalita , Garzón Beatríz Silvia
Published: December 2024

En la ciudad de San Miguel de Tucumán existen 27 edificios públicos que funcionan como Centros de Atención Primaria de Salud. En estudios previos, se demuestra que el desempeño térmico de la envolvente de los mismos resulta deficiente y, en consecuencia, el uso de sistemas activos de climatización es muy intensivo. El presente trabajo analiza el consumo energético de dichos Centros y pretende hallar una correlación entre este, la temperatura del aire exterior y las principales características formales y constructivas. Para ello, se toma una muestra de 14 casos representativos basados en un previo censo de las características de los centros y un recorte temporal de los últimos dos años, 2022 y 2023 completos. A partir de este análisis se demuestra que el ítem más representativo de consumo energético en los Centros de Atención Primaria de Salud es el acondicionamiento térmico. Se pretende, en trabajos futuros, generar medidas tendientes a disminuir el consumo energético desde las mejoras tecnológicas de la envolvente.
Editorial
Authors: Arroyo Julio , Rotman Sofía Bárbara
Published: December 2024

Editorial ARQUISUR Revista #26
lugar del “pasado nacional” en la formación de docentes de Historia en la provincia de Buenos Aires. Una aproximación desde el Diseño Curricular
Authors: Wiurnos Natalia Carolina , Bidone Matías Alberto
Published: December 2024

En este artículo analizamos el nuevo plan de estudios del Profesorado de Historia de la provincia de Buenos Aires (vigente a partir de 2022). Por un lado, nos preguntamos sobre el grado de articulación y diálogo que el mismo mantiene con las renovadas perspectivas teóricas e historiográficas presentes en los Diseños Curriculares del nivel secundario y, por otro, cuál es el tratamiento y lugar que ocupan en la formación docente algunas temáticas o contenidos que aparecen tradicionalmente vinculados al “pasado nacional” y, durante mucho tiempo, resultaron centrales en la definición identitaria y ciudadana que se buscó forjar desde el plano educativo. También, con el fin de enriquecer el abordaje del nuevo documento curricular, trazamos algunas comparaciones entre éste y el antiguo Diseño Curricular (1999) para la formación de profesoras/es en Historia.
aula, entre la historia y la conmemoración. Reflexiones y propuestas para revisar efemérides decimonónicas desde el profesorado universitario en Historia
Authors: Mazzoni María Laura , Kloster Mariano Ignacio
Published: December 2024

En este trabajo proponemos revisar algunas de las conmemoraciones patrias de las efemérides del siglo XIX. A partir de la experiencia del dictado de una materia de grado en el Profesorado de Historia de la Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, buscamos analizar el vínculo entre el relato histórico y el acto escolar. Consideramos que la efeméride puede ser resignificada como momento de visibilización de actores, fenómenos y conceptos relegados. A partir de este supuesto, nuestro objetivo es analizar tres aspectos clave que se desarrollan en las secciones de este trabajo. Primero, examinamos cómo se establecen ciertas efemérides y el papel de los historiadores en este proceso. Luego, evaluamos críticamente tanto las efemérides como el propósito educativo de la enseñanza de la historia en la educación secundaria. Finalmente, a través de casos concretos, observamos cómo las conmemoraciones de estas fechas pueden ofrecer nuevas perspectivas y significados.
efectividad de la Empatía Histórica como recurso didáctico en la enseñanza de la Historia de Género
Authors: Soto-Benavides Catalina , Yáñez-Valencia Constanza , Vera-Sagredo Angélica
Published: December 2024

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar la efectividad de la Empatía Histórica como recurso didáctico en la enseñanza de la Historia de Género para estudiantes de la región del Biobío, Chile. El estudio se basó en un enfoque cualitativo con un diseño fenomenológico y contó con una muestra de 120 estudiantes de educación secundaria. Para cumplir con el objetivo del estudio, se analizaron las bitácoras de trabajo realizadas por los estudiantes en cuatro actividades. Los resultados indicaron una comprensión y un rol activo frente a los roles de género por parte de los estudiantes. Sin embargo, se observó un reduccionismo histórico en la comprensión de ciertos aspectos de la experiencia femenina. En cuanto a la Empatía Histórica, los estudiantes lograron contextualizarse en la historia, evitando el presentismo, y pudieron identificar las emociones que habrían sentido los personajes históricos.
MATHEMATICAL SUPPORT FOR HIERARCHICAL DIGITAL CONTROL OF A COMPLEX TECHNOLOGICAL OBJECT
Authors:   Tula State University, Larkin E.V. , Bogomolov A.V. ,   Federal Research Center “Informatics and Control” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Privalov A.N. ,   Tula State Pedagogical University named after L.N. Tolstoy, Akimenko T.A. ,   Tula State University
Published: December 2024

The paper investigates the synthesis of mathematical support for hierarchical digital control of a complex technological object based on universal controllers with flexible programming. In order to overcome the limitations on the performance of controllers operating in real time, with the complexity of control laws and the expansion of the classes of controlled objects, controllers can be divided into strategic, tactical and functional-logical hierarchical levels. The authors define the functions and construct the algorithms for processing data by the controllers of each hierarchical level. The coordinated functioning of the digital control system under study is reduced to the exchange of data between controllers of different levels, carried out programmatically, equally for controllers of all levels. The authors obtain the dependencies for calculating the estimate of the restart period of control programs operating on the Hamiltonian cycle, and the data transmission delay for the case when the proportional-integraldifferentiative regulator algorithm is implemented on the controllers of the tactical and functionallogical levels. The paper highlights the features of controlling the operating modes of the controllers of the tactical and functional-logical levels due to the implementation of a neural network at the strategic level.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF AN AC DIESEL GENERATOR WITH STATIC LOAD
Authors:   Engineering company “Neotech Marine”, Odinaev V.A. , Shigapov I.I. ,   Main Command of the Navy, Dolgov V.A. ,   Engineering company “Neotech Marine”, Saskov K.G. ,   Engineering company “Neotech Marine”
Published: December 2024

The solution to the problem of technical diagnostics of the state of power plants on board surface ships and non-nuclear submarines requires the use of portable diagnostic systems. Their key element is a mathematical model of a diesel generator. The paper presents a comprehensive mathematical model of a diesel generator as a result of combining mathematical models of a diesel engine and a synchronous generator. The operation of a diesel engine is modeled on the basis of an aggregated basic mathematical model of a marine internal combustion engine, implemented on the example of a diesel generator plant of a non-nuclear submarine. The mathematical model of a synchronous generator is implemented by a system of differential equations taking into account the design features of a single generator. It allows calculating estimates of the reference characteristics of serviceable diesel generators in specified external conditions and operating modes and simulating typical faults. The use of the developed mathematical model makes it possible to obtain a quantitative estimate and categorize the technical condition of a diesel generator based on the analysis of deviations of actual values of diagnostic parameters from the reference values, reduced to the current parameters of the mode and external operating conditions. It also helps simulate possible faults of the diagnostic object to predict the technical condition and risks of deviation from the normal operating mode. The modeling results are the basis for the automated formation of recommendations for the operation, maintenance and repair of diesel generators used in power plants of surface ships and non-nuclear submarines.
MATHEMATICAL SUPPORT FOR MONITORING POLLUTANT EMISSIONS FROM VEHICLES IN THE REGULATED INTERSECTION AREA BASED ON NEURAL NETWORK ALGORITHMS
Authors:   South Ural State University, Shepelev V.D. , Glushkov A.I. ,   South Ural State University, Levashev A.G. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University
Published: December 2024

Abstract. In modern cities, environmental issues related to motor transport occupy an increasingly important place in the management system of urban transport flows. Vehicles emit the greatest amount
of exhaust gases during sudden changes in traffic modes, which is typical of signalized intersections. Traffic congestion situations also occur more often at intersections, when a large concentration of traffic creates an unfavorable environmental background. To obtain operational information about the parameters of the intensity of traffic flows, the authors used neural network algorithms for recognizing vehicles from video streams received from stationary street surveillance cameras at city intersections. An optimized algorithm for the operation of a trained neural network (YOLOv4) allows for extracting and interpreting data on traffic flow parameters in real time. As part of the study, the developed mathematical models made it possible to implement real-time monitoring of the amount and concentration of pollutants from vehicles in the controlled intersection zone. The calculation of the amount of pollutants released into the atmosphere from transport is carried out taking into account the average speed, type of vehicle and idle time in the measurement area. An appropriate software system can serve as a basis for predicting the difficulty levels and environmental risks of various atypical traffic situations.
Exploring Growth of Gracilaria sp. using the Raft Culture Method
Authors: Ilac Adora Giron , Foronda Joanna Mae Saoadan , Ayop Antonio Narollo , Europa-Morales Anna Liza Villanueva , Ruadap May Evellia Valencia
Published: December 2024

The seaweed Kawkawayan (Gracilaria sp.), marketed as a food product in the Ilocos Region, has the potential for high profitability due to its growing demand across various industries. The research, conducted in Sinait, Ilocos Sur, used the raft culture method to assess growth by measuring average weight every 15 days and analyzing its relationship with seawater parameters (dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, salinity, water current, conductivity, water temperature, and total dissolved solids).  The data were analyzed using a descriptive correlation design, employing the Mean and Pearson Product Moment of Correlation. A 3.5 X 5 m raft with six monolines containing 23 seedlings was installed in the culture site. The results indicated that pH, conductivity, TDS, and turbidity were within the normal range, whereas temperature, salinity, DO, and water current were above the average. Gracilaria's weight increased consistently every 15 days, reaching a peak of 22.99 g on the 105th day. However, there was no significant correlation between the weight gain and the measured seawater parameters. The fluctuations in Gracilaria’s weight were linked to thallus breakdown caused by vigorous water movements. The study’s findings should be made available to fisherfolks in the coastal community who cultivate Gracilaria; optimal cultivation of this seaweed can be obtained when disturbances are minimal particularly from February to May thus boosting aquaculture productivity. Alternative cultivation methods like tubular nets and cage systems, along with valuable seaweed species, are recommended. Fisherfolks’ participation is crucial for their success and the future of seaweed farming and marine resource conservation.
Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Benthic Dinoflagellates on Artificial Substrate at Seribu Islands Waters
Authors: Widiarti Riani , Ilyas Ahmad Jutrzenka , Triputra Kresnanda , Kusuma Muhammad Praja , Rachman Arief , Hii Tan Toh
Published: December 2024

Damage to coral reef ecosystems and changes in water quality are capable of increasing the abundance of benthic dinoflagellates which could cause Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP). Therefore, this research aimed to observe spatial and temporal abundance of those potential benthic dinoflagellates and analyze their relationship with environmental factors. Sampling was carried out on September 21-24, 2023 in Pramuka Island, Seribu Islands district, with different treatments, namely depth, location and time. Research conducted by deploy several series of artificial substrates into the waters, and the benthic dinoflagellates were collected from the artificial substrate placed in 1, 3, and 5 meter of water depths for 24, 48, and 72 hours at Odi, Mazu, and Villa Delima Piers. Cell densities were determined by enumeration using a Sedgewick Rafter Counting Chamber under a light microscope, and the relationship with environmental parameters was analyzed by using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed that 4 genera of benthic dinoflagellates which had the potential to cause CFP, were attached to the artificial substrate, namely Amphidinium, Coolia, Ostreopsis, and Prorocentrum. Prorocentrum cells were observed in highest number on artificial substrates at every treatment with different depths, locations, and times. Furthermore, the PCA analysis showed the abundance of Prorocentrum was influenced by the most typical environmental parameters at each depth, location, and time, namely temperature, nitrate, DO, and light intensity. The research provided valuable information on the benthic dinoflagellates both spatially and temporally, through international standard methods in order to prevent and anticipate negative impacts caused by CFP.
Efficacy, Safety, and Ergonomics of the EMS Swiss Lithoclast® Trilogy in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Review
Authors:   Specialty Doctor, Department of Urology, Whiston Hospital, Prescot, Liverpool, L35 5DR, United Kingdom, Ishfaq Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Purpose: The Swiss Lithoclast Trilogy® is a novel percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) technology used for kidney stone fragmentation. It has a trifecta effect, including mechanical fragmentation, ultrasound lithotripsy, and suction to remove stone fragments. Some comparative studies have reported a higher stone-free rate, increased safety and lower operative time, yet robust evidence remains inconclusive. We reviewed studies investigating clinical safety, efficacy, and ergonomics of PCNL for treating renal stones. Methods: We reviewed 11 studies investigating Swiss Lithoclast® Trilogy for PCNL from 2017 until September 2024. eywords were used to search PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science databases for relevant studies. After applying eligibility criteria and excluding animal and laboratory studies, 11 studies were included in this systematic review. Data was extracted for efficacy, safety, and ergonomics and analyzed to synthesize the results. Results: Out of 11, 2 were retrospective cohorts and 09 were prospective studies. The Swiss Lithoclast® Trilogy exhibited higher efficacy in stone fragmentation and clearance than traditional techniques. For mini PCNL, the stone fragmentation rate was reported up to 15.75 ± 20.81 mm3/sec. For supine PCNL, the stone fragmentation rate was 20.33 +/- 27.83mm3/sec. Lastly, Swiss Lithoclast® Trilogy was associated with high ergonomic satisfaction, and no significant complications. Conclusions: EMS Swiss Lithoclast Trilogy® for PCNL exhibits efficacy and safety with variable ergonomics. However, limited data are available and further prospective and randomized trials comparing EMS Swiss Lithoclast® Trilogy with equivalent technologies for PCNL are warranted to determine its role relating to the stone type and procedure.
Exploring the Therapeutic Effects of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation on Motor Function, Cognition, and Quality of Life in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors:   College of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Technology, King Saud University, Riyadh,12372, Saudi Arabia, Alokaily Ahmad O.
Published: December 2024

Background: Parkinson's Disease (PD) significantly impacts both cognition and quality of life, posing a substantial burden on patients and healthcare systems. However, there is hope on the horizon. Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has emerged as a potential therapeutic intervention with the power to mitigate these effects. While the evidence regarding its efficacy remains fragmented, the potential it holds is promising. Objective: The present review explores the effects of noninvasive brain stimulation on cognition and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: A comprehensive search was carried out in electronic databases to find pertinent articles on noninvasive brain stimulation, such as Transcranial direct stimulation (tDCS) and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), in patients with PD. The methodological quality of the included studies was checked using the PEDro scale. Results: A total of 11 studies were finally included in the studies published between 2012 and 2023. Results indicated that a complex relationship exists between cognition and noninvasive brain stimulation. Additionally, possible therapeutic benefits apart from cognition were identified when examining the quality of life in patients with PD. Conclusion: The present review highlights the complex relationship between quality of life and cognitive functioning. In addition, it summarizes the studies performed on noninvasive brain stimulation in PD. These therapies also proved potent in improving general well-being and cognitive domains. More research is needed to determine the best procedures and interventions with suitable therapeutic outcomes.
Actionable recommendations for redesigning a pre-clinical dental course
Authors: Rungnava Punyanit , Markauskaite Lina , Goodyear Peter
Published: December 2024

Simulations are increasingly used in dental education for developing students’ dexterity skills and improving the effectiveness of pre-clinical practice and assessment. The challenge is to embed these technologies into larger instructional frameworks, and to make contemporary teaching and learning practices and environments effective. This study focuses on investigating current simulation-based practices in a pre-clinical laboratory course in a Thai dental school. The purpose is to identify the aspects of the course design that need improvement. Ethnography is used to explore the current situation while an activity-centred analysis and design (ACAD) framework is used to analyse the design of arrangements in the laboratory setting (Goodyear & Carvalho, 2014). This paper reports some results from the students’ interviews after the simulation-based laboratory practice. It focuses on epistemic affordances and constraints and shows that these affordances and constraints are not solely embedded in the design of the simulation system, but emerge with the activity from the interaction between the students’ personal resources that they bring to the situation and design of the broader learning environment. We illustrate how these results could be used for offering actionable recommendations for improving the course design.
Struggle town?
Authors: Nawaz Sadia , Kennedy Gregor , Bailey James , Mead Chris , Horodyskyj Lev
Published: December 2024

A considerable amount of research on emotions and learning has been undertaken in recent years. Confusion has been noted as a particularly important emotion as it has the potential to trigger students’ engagement in learning tasks. However, unresolved confusion may turn into frustration, boredom and ultimately disengagement. The study reported in this paper investigated whether learning analytics could be used to successfully determine indicators or patterns of interactions that may be associated with confusion in a simulation-based learning environment. The findings of the study indicated that when taken individually, measures on specific learning tasks only hint at when students are struggling, but when taken together these indicators present a pattern of student interactions or a student profile that could be indicative of confusion.
Designing for learning with mobile and social media tools
Authors: Narayan Vickel , Herrington Jan , Cochrane Thom
Published: December 2024

Over the last decade, mobile and social media (MSM) tools have been in a constant flux. A growing ecology of tools and affordances have enabled multiple types of user actions and abilities never witnessed or imagined before. Educators all around the world are actively exploring and investigating learning and teaching design and approaches to harness some of these opportunities for improved student learning outcomes. This paper discusses the findings from a PhD study that used a design- based research approach to investigate how MSM tools could be used to facilitate learner-driven and determined learning (heutagogy). A set of draft design principles was formulated to guide the development of a course—implemented and evaluated over two years. A summary of the findings from the study is discussed and a set of refined design principles is provided—capable of guiding educators in designing significant learning experiences using MSM tools.
Typed versus handwritten essay exams
Authors: Masterman Elizabeth
Published: December 2024

In moving from handwritten to typed essay-based examinations (e-exams), the salient issue from an academic perspective is equivalence: can exams in the two modes be considered the same? This paper reports the findings of a literature survey addressing this question, conducted prior to a trial of e-exams at a leading university. The survey sought to establish whether the move results in changes in students’ strategies when composing an exam answer, and the resulting product, and changes in academics’ perception of typed exam scripts and their strategies in marking on screen. The research team concluded that the two modes of exam are not equivalent, even though differences in the marks achieved by students may be statistically insignificant. Recommendations arising from the analysis include moving to e-exams as the sole mode; supporting students and academics to develop IT proficiency for assessment; and capitalizing on the analytics available in e-exam tools to minimize the inequities that arise when exams are conducted in a single mode.
Visualizing Learner Behaviour in MOOCs using Sankey Diagrams
Authors: Lundqvist Karsten , Godinez Michael , Warburton Steven
Published: December 2024

It can be difficult to assess the design of, and learning, within Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). It is especially hard when trying to analyse this at the level of the individual learner. This study has developed a tool, inspired by Sankey diagrams, to visualise learners’ behaviour and paths through MOOC content. This tool can be used to investigate if learners are interacting with the content as planned when the course was designed. It has been designed iteratively through four stages of rapid prototyping. This paper presents the narrative of the development of the tool with an emphasis on validation via feedback from three user groups at each prototype stage.
Change is difficult
Authors: Hook Josephine , Macfarlan Barbara , Smith Tammy
Published: December 2024

Monash University is transforming its educational offering with a focus on students actively engaging in their learning experiences with educators changing their teaching practice so as to make that happen. The disruption to traditional approaches to education through innovative curricula, multi-faceted modes of delivery and purposeful learning spaces is challenging our educators to think about how students learn, and how to provide students with a quality educational experience. The University has employed a group of Educational Designers (EDs) and embedded these in each of the ten faculties to lead the change. The EDs interpret and implement the University education agenda within their faculties, partnering with academics to innovate teaching and learning across the University.
This paper draws on case study methodology utilising two case studies, from the Arts and Science Faculties, to demonstrate how the EDs have enabled sustainable educational transformation. Despite working across ten faculties with various foci for enhancement, the EDs have coordinated their efforts to build staff capacity and resilience through a range of practical support strategies and programs. The strength of this support is grounded in the relationships that they are able to develop with our academic partners over time.
Do-it-yourself e-Exams
Authors: Hillier Mathew , Grant Scott
Published: December 2024

This paper focuses on a small case study in which we developed and tested a set of spreadsheets as a 'do-it-yourself' e-examination delivery and marking environment. A trial was conducted in a first-year university level class during 2017 at Monash University, Australia. The approach enabled automatic marking for selected response questions and semi-automatic marking for short text responses. The system did not require a network or servers to operate therefore minimising the reliance on complex infrastructure. We paid particular attention to the integrity of the assessment process by ensuring separation of the answer key from the response composition environment. Students undertook a practice session followed by an invigilated exam. Student's perceptions of the process were collected using pre-post surveys (n = 16) comprising qualitative comments and Likert items. The data revealed that students were satisfied with the process (4 or above on 5-point scales). Comments revealed that their experience was in part influenced by their level of computer literacy with respect to enabling skills in the subject domain. Overall the approach was found to be successful with all students successfully completing the e-exam and administrative efficiencies realised in terms of marking time saved.
Technology-enabled feedback
Authors: Deneen Christopher , Munshi Cassim
Published: December 2024

Globally, there are significant policy initiatives and commitment of resources towards technology- enabled feedback (TEF) adoption across the k-16 spectrum. TEF suffers from chronic problems, however. Sustained integration of TEF into curricula is infrequent; technology abandonment remains common. This paper explores the gap between TEF aspiration and adoption through a review of relevant literature. The literature review is treated as act of research; a sequential method of identifying, evaluating, and critically analysing sources was applied and is thoroughly explained. Findings are presented and discussed. These include a fundamental quality concern within the field of TEF research that may impact legitimacy of research to inform both further research and sustained adoption. Recommendations are made for addressing concerns and achieving progress.
Digital Literacy Expectations in Higher Education
Authors: Coldwell-Neilson J.
Published: December 2024

Despite the widespread use of the term digital literacy, there is no common understanding of what it means or what skills and capabilities should be captured within it. The impact for higher education is that the term is misunderstood and significant assumptions are made regarding students’ digital literacy capabilities. The study reported in this paper explores the mismatch between academic expectations and perceptions of students’ digital literacy capabilities. Data was collected via a survey distributed to all Australian higher education institutions. Outcomes indicate that academics expectations are far higher than what they observe of students’ digital literacy capabilities and that digital literacy skills are not being adequately scaffolded and extended through the curriculum. Improving digital literacy outcomes will not occur until responsibility for teaching these capabilities is explicitly expressed and actioned in the context of disciplines and that opportunities are included throughout students’ educational experiences to scaffold digital literacy learning.
Comparing spaced repetition algorithms for legal digital flashcards
Authors: Colbran Stephen , Jones Wayne , Milburn John
Published: December 2024

This study compares two digital flashcard spaced repetition algorithms to evaluate whether the SuperMemo 2 (SM2) algorithm produces better outcomes for law student learning as measured by assessment results than the older Leitner algorithm. Academic staff prepared hundreds of digital flashcards related to an undergraduate law unit – Introduction to law. Undergraduate law students (n=47) were randomly assigned flashcards using two variations of a software program FlashCram, one version of which used a simple Leitner algorithm, another version the SM2 algorithm for spaced repetition. Students completed three practical assignments, two worth 10%, one worth 20%. and a theoretical examination worth 60% of their final grade. The results confirmed SuperMemo 2 to be a superior algorithm over Leitner with respect to the theoretical examination. There was no significant difference between the algorithms for practical assessment that was skills based, not dependent on memory and not subject to any significant time pressure. The results suggest that the usefulness of spaced repetition digital flashcard systems for legal studies may depend upon the nature of the assessment task.
‘Everything is connected’
Authors: Bryant Peter
Published: December 2024

How students engage in learning outside the classroom is complex and in part a self-determined activity. Occurring in spaces on and off campus and using technology students themselves bring to their learning or provided for them by the University, self-directed learning has increasingly become a fractured, unsupported and unstructured component of modern higher education. This article draws on the digital stories of 182 students at the London School of Economics and Political Science (UK) to interrogate how students respond and react to the requirements of learning arising from classroom teaching and summative assessment. The stories exposed liminal spaces in which students are constructing learning in unique and some fragile interconnections between life, work, play and learning.
Developing collegial cultures of teaching innovation
Authors: Blair Heidi , Maddock Louise , Poulsen Simone
Published: December 2024

Fostering cultures of teaching innovation contributes to the transformation of learning and teaching practices in higher education. Enabling university colleagues to share their practice stories is essential for the development of collegial and collaborative communities of practice that provide peer support for colleagues engaged in continuing professional learning related to learning and teaching practice enhancement. This paper describes a university-wide technology-enhanced professional learning strategy aiming to provide a dynamic collection of multimedia digital narratives of teaching practices via an open education resources (OER) repository. This study investigated the factors that motivated university colleagues to share their learning and teaching experiences and practices, the value of sharing their practice with others and the perceived impact of creating these narratives. The results of a preliminary online survey of contributors included that respondents were very strongly motivated to share their practices with peers (92%) and found the process valuable for promoting reflective practice (75%). Semi- structured interviews with contributors indicated the value of collegial conversations involved in creation of the resources. Implications for developing sustainable cultures of university teaching innovation in discipline contexts and future directions for further studies are discussed.
Digital identity and e-reputation
Authors: Al-Mahmood Reem , Corbin Jenny , Balavijendran Logan , Ondracek Caroline
Published: December 2024

How and why is one’s digital identity and e-reputation so important? This question underpins the “Digital Identity: Making Your Mark!” adaptive eLearning module which empowers students to critically engage and evaluate the impact of their e-reputation and the power of Social Media on their academic, professional and social lives – a vital digital literacy. The online adaptive module was developed by an Australian university cross-disciplinary team of academics, educational designers and librarians with the Australian-based global adaptive e-learning company, Smart Sparrow. The module’s aim is to engage students via transformative personalised eLearning activities to explore the impact of their digital identities, e-reputation and the power of Social Media on their lives. Students explore how their e-reputation across various Social Media platforms can influence their social, academic, and professional spheres by interrogating their Social Media use and what constitutes responsible and ethical “digital citizenship”. This paper showcases the module’s design, innovations, and user evaluations that highlight its significant impact and success encapsulated in student voices, “Very eye-opening and engaging!” and “It taught me how to be a better person online!”
Designing personalised, automated feedback to develop students’ research writing skills
Authors: Abel Sophie , Kitto Kirsty , Knight Simon , Buckingham Shum Simon
Published: December 2024

Constructive and formative feedback on writing is crucial to help Higher Degree Research (HDR) students develop effective writing skills and succeed, both in their degree and beyond. However, at the start students have a poor grasp of good academic writing, and HDR supervisors do not always have the time or the writing expertise to provide quality, constructive, formative feedback to students. One approach to address this problem is provided by Writing Analytics (WA), using text analytics to provide timely, formative feedback to students on their writing, in the process introducing a clear set of terms to describe important features of academic writing. This paper describes how Swales’ (1990) Create A Research Space (CARS) model was used to extend a writing analytics tool such that it could be applied to HDR students’ writing, and how good feedback practices were employed to design constructive automated feedback. This work summarises a process that can be used to develop theory driven writing analytics tools that should facilitate thesis writing.
Considerations for designing H5P online interactive activities
Authors: Wilkie Sonia , Zakaria Ghaith , McDonald Tania , Borland Rosemary
Published: December 2024

Online Interactive Activities are becoming increasingly popular at many universities as a method for introducing Blended Active Learning experiences. The advancement of technology has meant that the toolkits no longer require experienced multimedia designers to create content. Teachers and Educational Support Staff have been given the power to design and develop their own activities. Whilst many people understand that the technical parameters of the tools need to be understood, elements of design also need to be considered and appreciated for the development of quality learning experiences. In this paper we consider design principles to prompt active learning and encourage student engagement.