bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF SHAPING EFFICACY AND CANAL CENTERING ABILITY OF RECIPROCATING HANDPIECE WITH STAINLESS STEEL K FILE, NITI K FILE AND WAVEONE USING CBCT.
Authors: Balagopal Sundaresan , Sathya Bahavathi Anandhan Hema , Charanya C , James Vandana , Navabharathy Vasudevan , Abirami V
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Continuously tapered form of root canal and to maintain the original shape and position of the apical foramen is the key element in root canal treatment. However, canal curvature may cause difficulty in instrumentation. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the shaping efficacy and centering ability of reciprocating handpiece with stainless steel (SS) K files and Nickel Titanium (NiTi) K files in 90 degree and WaveOne gold file system in 150 counterclockwise and 30 clockwise reciprocation using cone bean computer tomography.

Materials and methods: Thirty freshly extracted human mandibular molars with fully formed apices were taken for the study and 11 mm of distal roots were used for the study. They were divided into three groups (n=10). All the three groups were instrumented using reciprocating handpiece. The file system used for Group 1, 2 and 3 are SS k file, NiTi K files, and WaveOne gold file respectively.

Statistical analysis: Data was tabulated and One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey post hoc honestly significant difference (HSD) test were conducted at p=0.05 significance.

Results: The results revealed significant variations in shaping efficacy and centering ability at various level by all the three file system. A good canal taper and improved shaping efficacy was significantly reported in favor of WaveOne gold reciprocating file.

Conclusion: The WaveOne Gold showed better shaping ability whereas the canal centering ability at the coronal, middle and the apical third were not found uniform for the three tested instrument.

Keywords: Shaping efficacy, Canal centering, reciprocating handpiece, NiTi files, WaveOne Gold, CBCT
OUTCOME OF INTRAMEDULLARY NAILING OF PROXIMAL THIRD RADIUS FRACTURES IN ADULTS USING TALWALKAR SQUARE NAIL.
Authors: Ansari Naved F , Kothadia Pradeep , Shinde Raviraj , Biraris Sandeep , Pawar Eknath , Sonavane Dhiraj
Published: August 2020

Background : In the management of Proximal Third Radius Fractures in Adults it is very important to take care of posterior Interosseous nerve, regain the length of the bones, maintaining the radial bow, good apposition, intact fracture haematoma and alignment without any malrotation, early mobilization of wrist and elbow to get good results. Intra medullary nailing of these fractures can be considered as a good alternative method. The aim of the study was to evaluate results of intramedullary nailing using Talwalkar square nails in adult forearm fractures.

Method: It’s a prospective multicentric study where we treated 92 adult patients with Proximal Third Radius Fractures, isolated or along with ulna fracture with over the period of four years may 2013 to may 2018 with a follow up for one years.

Result:  The average time to complete union was 12.1 (SD +3.2) weeks with cast support for a mean of 8.5 weeks. Union was achieved in 88 out of 92 patients. Using the Grace and Eversmann rating system, 57 patients were excellent, 24 were good, and 7 had an acceptable result. Four patients had non-unions, 2 for the radius and two for the ulna. There were three cases of superficial infection, two had olecranon bursitis. Complication rates associated with the use of square nails were lower compared to plate osteosynthesis and locked intramedullary nails. To control rotation postoperatively, there is a need for application of an above-elbow cast after nailing. There were no incidences of Posterior Interrosseous Nerve injury

Conclusion: Use of Talwalkar’s design of the square nail has resulted in and continues to result in predictable and good results. Complication rates are lower as compared to plate osteosynthesis, although application of above-elbow cast after nailing is a downside of the procedure. The square nail still has a future in repair of forearm fractures considering its complications rates, cost and acceptable results.

Keywords: Proximal Radius fractures, square nail, Talwalkar Nail, closed intramedullary nailing, radius-ulna nailing
OCCLUSAL CONSIDERATIONS IN IMPLANT DENTISTRY
Authors: Bharali Kadambari , Das Manjula , Nongthombam Rajesh. S. , Kumar Arunoday , Quazi Syeda Shamima Nastaran
Published: August 2020

Occlusion is considered to be one of the most important factors contributing to implant success. It is an occlusal scheme which reduces the force at the crestal bone and the implant interface. Therefore, it becomes imperative for the clinician to be well versed with the different concepts when rehabilitating with implant prosthesis. The occlusal rehabilitation schemes for implant-supported prostheses are derivatives of the occlusal scheme for natural dentition. The implant-protected occlusion (IPO) scheme has been designed to obtain an improved longevity of both the dental implant and the prosthesis. The article reviews the concepts of IPO and their different clinical applicability.

Keywords: Dental Implant, Occlusion, Implant Protected Occlusion (IPO).
A STUDY ON IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN ADOLESCENT GIRLS
Authors: Bhati Sanju , Verma Vijay Pal
Published: August 2020

Background: Nutritional anemia is a global problem of immense health significance affecting persons of all age and economic group. Anemia is one of the most common hematological abnormalities found in children. It can be defined as the reduction in oxygen-carrying capacity or as a reduction in the red cell mass of the body

Methods: This was cross-sectional study. All the adolescent girls studying in standards 9th - 12th class who were given consent to hemoglobin estimation were included in the study.

Results: The mean age of adolescent girls were 12.09±2.15 years and mean Hb level was 10.05±2.1gm/dl. The association between SES and anemia was found statistically significant. The association between type of family and anemia was also found statistically significant.

Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls is alarmingly high in India.

Keywords: Prevalence, Anemia, Adolescent.
Research on the Application of Archives and Historical Materials in the Study of the History of the Republic of China (1912—1949)
Authors: Pei Shidong , Wang Qihang
Published: August 2020

The history of the Republic of China is a very important history in the modern history of our country. During this period, great changes took place in China and the Revolution of 1911 abolished monarchy; then the Communist Party of China led the Chinese people in the struggle for national liberation and established the People’s Republic of China. Therefore, studying the history of the Republic of China is an inevitable requirement for historical development. To this end, this article starts with exploring the research connotation and value of the history of the Republic of China, comprehensively collects archival historical data, insists on using the historical materialist methodology to conduct research on the history of the Republic of China, and discriminates historical materials objectively and fairly. Three aspects have been studied and discussed.
Culture Default and Principles of Translation Compensation in Literary Translation — a Case Study of Book III of Ashoka the Great
Authors: Zhen Cheng
Published: August 2020

As a historical novel about the Peacock Dynasty in India, Ashoka the Great, to some extent, reflects the ancient Indian culture, so it is of great translation value for cultural exchange. When translating the third volume of Ashoka the Great, the author found a large number of expressions with Indian characteristics hindering readers' understanding of the TT. Both sides of the communication have the same background knowledge, so they can omit the elements which are self-evident to both sides. The omitted part can be called cultural default. Therefore, the strategies of translation compensation should be adopted to solve the problem of understanding caused by cultural default in order to promote communication between different cultures successfully. After summarizing the principles of translation compensation based on previous studies, the author analyzes the parts of culture default in this novel and uses five principles of translation compensation: literal translation with a footnote, paraphrasing, amplification, domestication and foreignization. The present author hopes this paper can provide effective reference for the translation of Ashoka the Great.
Review on Emotional Labour—a Case Study of the President Club Scandal
Authors: Gong Hui
Published: August 2020

The research of emotional labour had started 20 years ago, and the existing literature is the research mostly cover on the influence factors of emotional labour from the micro level. This study is based on a specific case of the President Club scandal, by using the concepts of emotional labour, the author discusses the relationship between personal factors and emotional labour. In addition, the reasons which result in the scandal in a charity fund-raise party has been illustrated with examples and issues from the case.
Hubungan Kejadian Ko-Infeksi Soil-Transmitted Helminths pada Pasien Tuberkulosis dengan Jumlah Eosinofil di Kecamatan Kalisat Kabupaten Jember
Authors: Normaningtyas Widhiasari , Shodikin Muhammad Ali , Raharjo Angga Mardro , Agustina Dini , Mufida Diana Chusna , Armiyanti Yunita
Published: August 2020

Abstrak: Tuberkulosis (TB) menjadi masalah kesehatan utama baik lingkup global maupun nasional. Tuberkulosis menyebabkan status gizi kurang baik. Status gizi yang kurang baik dapat disebabkan oleh infeksi kronis, salah satunya infeksi cacing usus terutama Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STH). Ko-infeksi STH pada pasien TB selain mempengaruhi status gizi, juga akan mempengaruhi respon imun pasien. Respon imun pada pasien ko-infeksi STH akan menghambat respon imun Th 1 dalam melawan TB serta akan didapatkan peningkatan eosinofil (eosinofilia). Tujuan utama dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jumlah eosinofil pada pasien tuberkulosis terhadap ko-infeksi STH di Kecamatan Kalisat, Kabupaten Jember. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional dengan desain analitik cross sectional. Populasi yang digunakan adalah pasien TB di Kecamatan Kalisat dalam periode waktu September – Desember 2019. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer berupa hasil pemeriksaan darah dengan metode hitung jenis dan hasil pemeriksaan feses menggunakan metode sedimentasi dan floatasi. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji Fisher. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kejadian koinfeksi STH pada pasien TB di Kecamatan Kalisat Kabupaten Jember sebesar 3,6% dan disebabkan oleh Hookworm. Hasil uji Fisher menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara jumlah eosinofil dengan kejadian koinfeksi STH pada pasien TB di Kecamatan Kalisat Kabupaten Jember dengan nilai p-value 1,000.

Kata kunci: Tuberkulosis, Soil-Transmitted Helminths, Eosinofilia
Glíman við þögn Guðs í kvikmynd Martins Scorsese, Silence
Authors: Gunnarsson Gunnar J.
Published: August 2020

The article focuses on Martin Scorsese's film, Silence, which is based on a novel by Shusaku Endo. The story is about two Jesuit priests who go to Japan in search of their mentor, because of rumors that he had denied his faith. When they come to Japan, they face fierce persecution against Christian people. After the death of one of them the story follows the other one. His faith is seriously threatened when he experiences God's silence in these terrible circumstances. The struggle with the absence and silence of God when facing suffering and pain has long been a matter of contemplation. Examples of such are widely seen, e.g. in the lamentations and hymns of the Old Testament. The article examines how Scorsese's film deals with that struggle in the light of his Catholic background. It also examines how the close identification with Ch
Ritdómur: Reformationen i dansk kirke og kultur
Authors: Hugason Hjalti
Published: August 2020

Reformationen i dansk kirke og kultur,

1. bindi: 1517–1700, 443 bls.
2. bindi: 1700–1914, 464 bls.
3. bindi: 1914–2017, 611 bls.

Ritstjórar Niels Henrik Gregersen og Carsten Bach-Nielsen, Óðinsvéum: Syddansk Universitetsforlag, 2017
Spekin og síðnútíminn. Önnur nálgun í samstæðilegri guðfræði
Authors: Eyjólfsson Sigurjón Árni
Published: August 2020

This article concerns itself with the shifts in approach taking place within systematic theology. In the field, there is a tendency to move away from all-encompassing systems towards a more restricted treatment of particular issues and their ambiguity. The article deals with the writings of one of the representatives of this development from German speaking scholarship, Hartmut Rosenau, a Lutheran theologian. By grounding his theology in the Biblical wisdom tradition, Rosenau questions the significance of tradition and eschatology, focusing on the value of everyday-life as it is described in the Old Testament and the Lutheran doctrine on justification by faith.
Lúther á eylandinu. Viðtökur siðbótar á Íslandi frá sextándu til átjándu aldar
Authors: Ólafsson Skúli S.
Published: August 2020

In this article the focus in on the influence of Luther’s works in Iceland from the time of the Reformation to the 18th century. It is maintained that Luther had less impact within Iceland at this particular period of time, than was the case elsewhere within the Danish kingdom, the reason being the isolation of the Icelandic nation, and the small number of educated scholars in the society. An Icelandic Lutheran self-identity was not established, mainly because the country did not have any neighboring states with a different Christian creed. Furthermore, Icelandic authorities did not publish any of Luther’s writings written prior to the Peasant’s revolt (1524–1525), where Luther confronted the established culture, and encouraged people to be independent in their thinking. A list of Luther’s works published in Icelandic, reveals that they are very few compared to numerous other religious publications. The Small Catechism is an exception, because how often it was published. In his Catechism, Luther validated the society’s class structure, and reiterated that each individual should remain obedient to his or her authorities.
Ritdómur: Húsið okkar brennur
Authors: Guðmundsdóttir Arnfríður
Published: August 2020

Húsið okkar brennur, eftir Gretu Thunberg, Malenu Ernman, Beatu Ernman, Svante Thunberg, þýð. Eyrún Edda Hjörleifsdóttir, Reykjavík: JPV, 2019, 303 bls.
Status of Triple Antigen Test among Community Acquired Febrile Illness Patient attended at Tertiary Care Hospital, Bogura
Authors: Yasmin Taslima , Yusuf Md Abdullah , Mowla Mohammed Golam , Afrin Mst Jeneya , Akhter Shamima , Sayam Mohammed Abdur Nur
Published: August 2020

Background: Bacterial etiologies of febrile illnesses have significantly become important due to high mortality and morbidity.

Objective: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of rickettsial fever, brucellosis, and typhoid fever by triple antigen test.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at TMSS Medical College Bogura district in Bangladesh for 6 months. Febrile patients aged from 1 to 65 years of both sexes were recruited from the outpatient department of this Medical College Bogura. Blood sample were taken from all patients for antibody test by microscopic plate agglutination test according to manufacturer instruction.

Results: A total of 140 patients were enrolled and 74/140 (52.86%) patients were positive by any of three antigens, among them female were 54/74 (72.97%), most common age group was 21 to 30 years which was 22/74(29.73%), TO titre was greater than TH titre, which was 24/36 (66.66%).

Conclusion: The study has underscored the importance of febrile antigen detection for bacterial diseases including zoonosis such as ricketial fever, brucellosis and typhoid fever in febrile patient and thus reducing diagnostic dilemma of febrile diseases. However, further diagnostic tests for diagnosis of febrile illnesses also needed. This will be helpful for febrile patients to receive the correct diagnoses and facilitation of accurate and prompt treatment.

Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases 2020;7(1):18-21
SOLUSI NUMERIK PERSAMAAN NON-LINIER DENGAN METODE BISECTION DAN REGULA FALSI
Authors: Wigati Jatining
Published: August 2020

Model matematika sangat dibutuhkan untuk memecahkan masalah dalam berbagai disiplin ilmu pengetahuan; bidang fisika, kimia, ekonomi, bidang rekayasa atau teknik. Model matematika yang disedehanakan dan linier sering tidak representatif untuk diaplikasikan dalam desain. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan solusi numerik untuk persamaan non-linier agar dapat diaplikasikan secara nyata pada bidang desain. Tujuan percobaan makalah ini adalah untuk membandingkan akurasi dan kecepatan iterasi metode bisection dan regula falsi menggunakan Scilab v.6.6.0, dan untuk mendeskripsikan secara objektif aplikasi penyelesaian secara numerik pada desain. Persamaan non-linier yang digunakan sebagai simulasi adalah fungsi transedental, f(x), yang mengandung trigonometri. Domain x ditentukan -4 kurang dari x kurang dari 4. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa: 1) pada nilai error 1x10 -5 , didapatkan akar-akar persamaan yang sama. Meskipun demikian, terdapat perbedaan jumlah iterasi yang dibutuhkan masing-masing metode; metode bisection memer-lukan 19 kali iterasi, sedangkan metode regula falsi hanya memer-lukan 8 dan 12 kali iterasi untuk menemukan akar persamaan positif dan negative secara berturut-turut, dan 2) pemrograman ini dapat digunakan untuk menyelesaikan persamaan non-linier lain, baik aljabar maupun transedental, dengan mengganti definisi f(x) di awal program.
PENGARUH KADAR GARAM DAPUR (NaCl) DALAM MEDIA PENDINGIN TERHADAP TINGKAT KEKERASAN PADA PROSES PENGERASAN BAJA ST-60
Authors: Aziza Yuliana
Published: August 2020

Pengerasan bahan (hardening) merupakan salah satu proses perlakuan panas dengan kondisi non-equilibrium. Proses pengerasan baja dilakukan untuk memperbaiki sifat mekanis baja yakni sifat kekerasan yang dibutuhkan dalam dunia industri sebagai bahan pembuatan komponen otomotif dan konstruksi pemesinan.Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat kekerasan baja ST-60 setelah mengalami perlakuan hardening dengan media pendingin air yang dicampur dengan garam dapur (NaCl) sebanyak 20 %, 25%, dan 30 %. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif. Sedangkan desain penelitiannya adalah penelitian eksperimental yang dilakukan di laboratorium. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis uji beda t dan anova yakni uji paired sample t test dan one way anova. Objek penelitian ini adalah baja karbon menengah ST-60 yang kemudian diberi perlakuan yakni hardening dengan media pendingin yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata nilai kekerasan pada baja ST-60 dengan media pendingin 20 % NaCl sebesar 264.5 HV, untuk kadar garam 25% NaCl menunjukkan angka kekerasan 278 HV, sedangkan baja dengan kadar 30 % NaCl sebesar 311 HV. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan nilai kekerasan pada baja ST-60 antara sebelum dan setelah mengalami proses hardening yang kemudian didinginkan dengan media pendingin larutan garam 20 %, 25% dan 30 % sehingga dapat sisimpulkan bahwa kadar garam dapur (NaCl) berpengaruh terhadap tingkat kekerasan baja ST-60. Tingkat kekerasan baja akan meningkat seiring bertambahnya kadar garam yang dimasukkan kedalam media larutan pendingin baja ST60. Tingkat kekerasan baja tertinggi dicapai pada spesimen yang dikeraskan dan didinginkan dengan media pendingin larutan garam dengan kadar 30 % NaCl.
Aspectos relevantes de la convergencia a NIC-SP en los bienes patrimoniales del sector público no financiero
Authors: Chérrez-Jaramillo Maricela , Narváez-Zurita Cecilia , Erazo-Alvarez Juan , Torres-Palacios Mireya
Published: August 2020

Las Normas Internacionales de Contabilidad enfocadas al sector público (NICSP) emitidas por el Consejo de Normas Internacionales (IPSASB), constituyen estándares altos en la gestión de información financiera-contable. En la actualidad varios países del mundo han adoptado estos estándares, como es el caso de Ecuador. El presente estudio fue desarrollado en el Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado Municipal de Azogues (GADMA), frente a la necesidad de reconocer y registrar los bienes patrimoniales en los estados financieros; el objetivo de la investigación consiste en plantear un proceso para la implementación de la NIC-SP 17 para el reconocimiento de los bienes patrimoniales. La metodología empleada en esta investigación fue de tipo no experimental y transversal, pues las variables se analizaron en su estado natural y en un solo momento del tiempo. En el diagnóstico se determinó la inexistencia de una norma específica que controle los bienes patrimoniales, su inventario fue levantado por última vez hace más de diez años por el Instituto Nacional Patrimonio y Cultural (INPC) y no por el GADMA, la gran mayoría de estos bienes no se encuentran bajo el dominio de la institución. Se concluye que con la implementación de la NIC-SP 17 se obtendrá información confiable para el reconocimiento de los activos de la Municipalidad los mismos que deberán ser registrados en la cuenta de Bienes de Patrimonio Nacional Histórico Artístico y/o Cultural como es el caso del cementerio Municipal, el Museo Rodrigo Pesántez y la Quinta San José; con ello la entidad presentará estados financieros razonables.
Estandarización digital basada en XBRL para el sector público no financiero
Authors: Ortíz-Guamán Fernanda , Narváez-Zurita Cecilia , Erazo-Alvarez Juan , Torres-Palacios Mireya
Published: August 2020

En la presente investigación se profundiza la necesidad de automatización en informes financieros mediante XBRL y las Normas Internacionales de Contabilidad para el Sector Público como lenguaje de interacción informática en las instituciones públicas del sector no financiero, el cual pretende la estandarización en el procesamiento de reportes económicos y de este modo, alcanzar mayor presencia en la economía internacional; el artículo tiene como objetivo proporcionar un instructivo básico para la generación de informes financieros bajo XBRL orientado a entidades del sector público no financiero regidas por el Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas como mecanismo de automatización de un lenguaje común en la transmisión de la información financiera para la toma de decisiones. Dada las cualidades de la investigación se desarrolló dentro del enfoque cualitativo, en el cual se amplía el análisis de manera transversal con revisión documental utilizando los métodos inductivo-deductivo e histórico-lógico. Por consiguiente, los resultados se basan en la integración de normativa contable y la estandarización mediante la elaboración de un instructivo básico para la generación de informes financieros bajo XBRL orientado a entidades del sector público no financiero, siendo el estado ecuatoriano a través de los entes de control un eje fundamental en fomentar la aplicación de un lenguaje comercial.
Auditoría de la responsabilidad social corporativa en el sector financiero popular y solidario
Authors: Torres-Flores Ana , Narváez-Zurita Cecilia , Erazo-Alvarez Juan , Torres-Palacios Mireya
Published: August 2020

En actualidad la responsabilidad social empresarial (RSE) tiene importancia a nivel mundial y está relacionada a las acciones que efectúan las organizaciones que tienen repercusiones sobre la sociedad; este tipo de responsabilidad está ligada con la productividad, la reducción de costos y la obtención de beneficios tratando de no afectar el medio ambiente. Bajo lo expuesto, la auditoría a la responsabilidad social corporativa es considerada como un control posterior en una organización; es decir, es una herramienta para evaluar las actividades, procesos e impactos en la sociedad y en el medio ambiente. En la ciudad de Cuenca-Ecuador se ha determinado que más del 80% de las instituciones del sector financiero de economía popular y solidaria no realizan auditorias de responsabilidad social, por esta razón el objetivo de la presente investigación consiste en diseñar una guía de procedimiento de auditoría de responsabilidad social para las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito de este sector. La metodología utilizada fue de tipo no experimental con un enfoque mixto, el método cuantitativo se aplicó para el análisis estadístico de los datos recopilados a través de la encuesta, mientras que, el método cualitativo se aplicó para el análisis de la literatura especializada, además se utilizaron los métodos inductivo – deductivo, analítico – sintético. Entre los principales resultados se determinó que todas las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito tienen que evaluar el cumplimiento de los proyectos de responsabilidad social mediante el grupo auditor, quienes analizarán la eficiencia y eficacia de dichos proyectos, finalmente, se concluye la importancia de aplicar la guía de procedimientos de auditoría propuesta para obtener información relevante sobre la responsabilidad social de este sector económico y sobre todo el seguimiento de las falencias encontradas en los programas de responsabilidad social.
La auditoría interna y su importancia en los procesos contables en el sector público no financiero
Authors: Tamay-García Miguel , Narváez-Zurita Cecilia , Erazo-Alvarez Juan , Torres-Palacios Mireya
Published: August 2020

La auditoría interna en las entidades públicas constituye una herramienta ideal para garantizar el cumplimiento de los principios constitucionales y la rendición de cuentas. Su efectividad se manifiesta en transacciones contables conforme las autorizaciones por parte de la administración, registro oportuno en el período en el cual se dieron, en las cuentas correspondientes y con el valor correcto. En este contexto, basado en las normas de control interno para las entidades del sector público; norma 405 Administración Financiera – Contabilidad Gubernamental, se plantea como objetivo diseñar un modelo de auditoría interna y determinar su importancia en los procesos contables del Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado (GAD) de la parroquia de San Joaquín perteneciente al Cantón Cuenca, Provincia del Azuay – Ecuador, como mecanismo de transparencia, confiabilidad integridad y oportunidad de la información contable, para que surja efecto fue necesario la aplicación de un enfoque mixto de investigación, el enfoque cuantitativo permitió, a través de un cuestionario, la recolección, análisis de datos y medición numérica, para determinar con fidelidad el nivel de confianza y riesgo de la entidad con respecto al control interno aplicado a los procesos contables y por otra parte, el enfoque cualitativo, con el propósito de comprender su funcionamiento en correspondencia con las normas que rigen su comportamiento. Los resultados resaltan su importancia porque proporciona un conjunto de normas, políticas y procedimientos para que los procesos contables se realicen bajo los principios de eficacia y eficiencia, garantizando la veracidad, integridad y la información financiera razonable.
Importancia de la auditoría al presupuesto administrativo en los Gobiernos Autónomos Descentralizados
Authors: Álvarez-Sanango Priscila , Narváez-Zurita Cecilia , Torres-Palacios Mireya , Lituma-Yascarabay Mónica
Published: August 2020

El Presupuesto General del Estado es una herramienta que gestiona los ingresos, gastos y financiamientos fiscales, de estos rubros depende la operatividad de los sectores que administra el Estado. El GAD Municipal de Azogues en los últimos años no ha sido objeto de auditoría a la gestión y ejecución presupuestaria relacionada a los planes, proyectos y programas, bajo este contexto el presente estudio tiene como objetivo diseñar un modelo de Auditoría Gubernamental con énfasis en la gestión administrativa y ejecución presupuestaria. La investigación fue de tipo no experimental porque la data obtenida no se alteró bajo ninguna circunstancia; su alcance fue descriptivo -transversal con un enfoque cualitativo, pues la información tomada de las fuentes bibliográficas del año 2019 se centra en una revisión teórica de la Contabilidad Gubernamental, gestión administrativa, ciclo presupuestario y Auditoría plasmadas en el marco teórico, en el diagnóstico y en la propuesta.
Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Induced by Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking Despite Possible Protective Effects of Exercise Training: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Taati Behzad , Arazi Hamid , Suzuki Katsuhiko
Published: August 2020

The prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS), which is also known as ghalyan, shisha or hookah, is increasing rapidly around the world, especially among youth. Growing interest in this form of tobacco smoking can be traced, in part, to the use of flavored tobacco products, social acceptability as a safer option than cigarettes, and its consideration as a relaxation method or entertainment. However, there is a well-established association between WTS and oxidative stress that causes irreversible chronic pathological conditions such as cardiovascular and respiratory problems, as well as different types of cancers, and thus increases the risk of mortality. Clearly, induction of inflammation status through increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn leads to oxidative stress and harm to lipids, DNA, and proteins, is the most plausible mechanism to explain the potential harmful effects of WTS. Unlike WTS, well-designed exercise training programs increase ROS to the extent that it is beneficial to the body. In this study, we aimed to review available evidence on the impact of exercise training on oxidative stress and inflammation status. We also summarize the effect of acute and chronic WTS on different exercise capacities.
A Regional-Scale Landslide Early Warning System Based on the Sequential Evaluation Method: Development and Performance Analysis
Authors: Park Joon-Young , Lee Seung-Rae , Kim Yun-Tae , Kang Sinhang , Lee Deuk-Hwan
Published: August 2020

A regional-scale landslide early warning system was developed in collaboration with a city government. The structure and distinctive features of the system are described in detail. This system employs the principles of the sequential evaluation method that consecutively applies three different evaluation stages: statistical, physically based, and geomorphological evaluations. Based on this method, the system determines five phases of warning levels with improved levels of certainty and credibility. In particular, the warning levels are systematically derived to enable the discrimination of slope failures and debris flows. To provide intuitive and pragmatic information regarding the warning capabilities of the system, a comprehensive performance analysis was conducted. Early warning level maps were generated and a historical landslide database was established for the study period from 2009 to 2016. As a result, 81% of historical slope failures and 86% of historical debris flows were correctly predicted by high-class warning levels. Miscellaneous details associated to the timing efficiency of warnings were also investigated. Most notably, five high-class warning level events and four landslide events were recorded for a study region during the eight-year period. The four landslide events were all successfully captured by four out of the five warning events.
Differential Influences of Teleconnections from the Indian and Pacific Oceans on Rainfall Variability in Southeast Asia
Authors: Amirudin Abdul Azim , Salimun Ester , Tangang Fredolin , Juneng Liew , Zuhairi Muhamad
Published: August 2020

This study investigates the individual and combined impacts of El Niño and the positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) on the Southeast Asia (SEA) rainfall variability. Using composite and partial correlation techniques, it is shown that both inter-annual events have individually distinct impacts on the SEA rainfall anomaly distribution. The results showed that the impacts of the co-occurrence of El Niño and IOD events are significant compared to the individual effects of pure El Niño or pure IOD. During June-July-August and September-October-November, the individual impacts of the pure El Niño and IOD events are similar but less significant. Both events caused negative impacts over the southern part of SEA during June-July-August (JJA) and propagated northeastward/eastward during September-October-November (SON). Thus, there are significant negative impacts over the southern part of SEA during the co-occurrence of both events. The differential impacts on the anomalous rainfall patterns are due to the changes in the sea surface temperature (SST) surrounding the region. Additionally, the differences are also related to the anomalous regional atmospheric circulations that interact with the regional SST. The anomalous Walker circulation that connects the Indian Ocean and tropical Pacific Ocean also plays a significant role in determining the regional anomalous rainfall patterns.
Simulations of Ion-Guiding Through Insulating Nanocapillaries of Varying Diameter: Interpretation of Experimental Results
Authors: Stolterfoht Nikolaus
Published: August 2020

The guiding of highly charged ions through a single nanocapillary is simulated in comparison with previous experiments performed with highly insulating polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The simulations are carried out using 3-keV Ne7+ ions injected into capillaries with diameters ranging from 100 nm to 400 nm. In the calculations, non-linear effects are applied to model the charge transport along the capillary surface and into the bulk depleting the deposited charges from the capillary walls. In addition to the surface carrier mobility, the non-linear effects are also implemented into the bulk conductivity. A method is presented to determine the parameters of the surface charge transport and the bulk conductivity by reproducing the oscillatory structure of the mean emission angle. A common set of charge depletion rates are determined with relatively high accuracy providing confidence in the present theoretical analysis. Significant differences in the oscillatory structures, experimentally observed, are explained by the calculations. Experimental and theoretical results of the guiding power for capillaries of different diameters are compared. Finally, dynamic non-linear effects on the surface and bulk relaxation rates are determined from the simulations.
The Influence of Nasturtium officinale R. Br. Agar and Agitated Microshoot Culture Media on Glucosinolate and Phenolic Acid Production, and Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Klimek-Szczykutowicz Marta , Szopa Agnieszka , Dziurka Michał , Komsta Łukasz , Tomczyk Michał , Ekiert Halina
Published: August 2020

This paper presents an optimization of conditions for microshoot cultures of Nasturtium officinale R. Br. (watercress). Variants of the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing different plant growth regulators (PGRs): cytokinins—BA (6-benzyladenine), 2iP (6-γ,γ-dimethylallylaminopurine), KIN (kinetin), Zea (zeatin), and auxins—IAA (3-indoleacetic acid), IBA (indole-3-butyric acid), 2,4-d (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), IPA (indole-3-pyruvic acid), NAA (naphthalene-1-acetic acid), total 27 MS variants, were tested in agar and agitated cultures. Growth cycles were tested for 10, 20, or 30 days in the agar cultures, and 10 or 20 days in the agitated cultures. Glucosinolate and phenolic acid production, total phenolic content and antioxidant potential were evaluated. The total amounts of glucosinolates ranged from 100.23 to 194.77 mg/100 g dry weight of biomass (DW) in agar cultures, and from 78.09 to 182.80 mg/100 g DW in agitated cultures. The total phenolic acid content varied from 15.89 to 237.52 mg/100 g DW for the agar cultures, and from 70.80 to 236.74 mg/100 g DW for the agitated cultures. Extracts of the cultured biomass contained higher total amounts of phenolic acids, lower total amounts of glucosinolates, a higher total phenolic content and similar antioxidant potentials compared to plant material. The analyses performed confirmed for the first time the explicit influence on secondary metabolite production and on the antioxidant potential. The significance was statistically estimated in a complex manner.
Foliar Spray of Fe-Asp Confers Better Drought Tolerance in Sunflower as Compared with FeSO4: Yield Traits, Osmotic Adjustment, and Antioxidative Defense Mechanisms
Authors: Ali Qasim , Ali Shafaqat , El-Esawi Mohamed A. , Rizwan Muhammad , Azeem Muhammad , Hussain Abdullah Ijaz , Perveen Rashida , El-Sheikh Mohamed A. , Alyemeni Mohammed Nasser , Wijaya Leonard
Published: August 2020

Different techniques are being employed to reduce the adverse effects of water stress on seed yield and quality of crop plants. The current study aimed to improve the water stress tolerance of field-grown sunflower by foliar-supplied ecofriendly iron-chelated aspartate (Fe-Asp) in comparison with FeSO4. Water stress decreased the plant growth and yield, accompanied with disturbed water relations, nutrient acquisition, accumulation of amino acids, and antioxidative defense mechanisms. However, lipid peroxidation, total anthocyanin, and photosynthetic pigments were increased. Fertigation of FeSO4 and Fe-Asp as foliar sprays proved effective to reduce the negativities of limited irrigation on biomass production and seed yield, accompanied with a reduction in lipid peroxidation and improvements in water relations, antioxidative defense mechanisms, and leaf photosynthetic pigments. In comparison with FeSO4, foliary applied Fe-Asp better improved the plant water relations with more accumulation of essential amino acids and nutrient acquisition, especially leaf aspartate (Asp) and Fe accumulation which showed better translocation. Overall, foliary applied Fe-Asp proved better for induction of drought tolerance in sunflower plants as compared with FeSO4. The study recommended the use of the ecofriendly Fe-Asp as a foliar spray for better growth and production of sunflower under limited irrigation.
Deciphering the Mechanism of Silver Catalysis of “Click” Chemistry in Water by Combining Experimental and MEDT Studies
Authors: Ben El Ayouchia Hicham , Bahsis Lahoucine , Fichtali Ismail , Domingo Luis R. , Ríos-Gutiérrez Mar , Julve Miguel , Stiriba Salah-Eddine
Published: August 2020

A combined experimental study and molecular electron density theory (MEDT) analysis was carried out to investigate the click of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives by Ag(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (AgAAC) reaction as well as its corresponding mechanistic pathway. Such a synthetic protocol leads to the regioselective formation of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles in the presence of AgCl as catalyst and water as reaction solvent at room temperature and pressure. The MEDT was performed by applying Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations at both B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) (LANL2DZ for Ag) and ωB97XD/6-311G(d,p) (LANL2DZ for Ag) levels with a view to decipher the observed regioselectivity in AgAAC reactions, and so to set out the number of silver(I) species and their roles in the formation of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles. The comparison of the values of the energy barriers for the mono- and dinuclear Ag(I)-acetylide in the AgAAC reaction paths shows that the calculated energy barriers of dinuclear processes are smaller than those of the mononuclear one. The type of intramolecular interactions in the investigated AgAAC click chemistry reaction accounts for the regioselective formation of the 1,4-regiosisomeric triazole isomer. The ionic character of the starting compounds, namely Ag-acetylide, is revealed for the first time. This finding rules out any type of covalent interaction, involving the silver(I) complexes, along the reaction pathway. Electron localization function (ELF) topological analysis of the electronic structure of the stationary points reaffirmed the zw-type (zwitterionic-type) mechanism of the AgAAC reactions.
Smart Food Packaging Designed by Nanotechnological and Drug Delivery Approaches
Authors: Motelica Ludmila , Ficai Denisa , Oprea Ovidiu Cristian , Ficai Anton , Andronescu Ecaterina
Published: August 2020

This paper offers a general view of the solutions that are able to confer bioactivity to the packaging materials, especially antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. These properties can be induced by the nature of the polymers blend or due to the addition of ternary components from natural agents (essential oils or other extracts) to synthetic organic and inorganic agents, including nanoparticles with a broad antimicrobial activity such as metals (e.g., Ag, Au, Cu) or metal oxide (e.g., TiO2, ZnO) nanoparticles, and even bacterial cells such as probiotics. Many times, these components are synergistically used, each of them assuring a specific role or potentiating the role of the other components. The antimicrobial activity can be induced due to the applied coatings or due to the whole bulk material. Along with an increasing food stability which means a longer shelf-life some smart packaging can be exploited in order to highlight the freshness of the food. These act as a sensor (usually pH sensitive but also other mechanisms can be exploited such as aggregation/agglomeration of AuNPs leading to color change or even aldehyde-specific reactions such as the Cannizzaro reaction), and thus, consumers can be confident about the freshness of the food, especially perishable food such as seafood or fish.
Towards a Large-Area Freestanding Single-Crystal Ferroelectric BaTiO3 Membrane
Authors: Wang Qixiang , Fang Hong , Wang Di , Wang Jie , Zhang Nana , He Bin , Lü Weiming
Published: August 2020

The fabrication and transfer of freestanding single-crystal ferroelectric membranes deserve intensive investigations as to their potential applications in flexible wearable devices, such as flexible data storage devices and varied sensors in E-skin configurations. In this report, we have shown a comprehensive study approach to the acquisition of a large-area freestanding single-crystal ferroelectric BaTiO3 by the Sr3Al2O6 scarification layer method. By controlling the thickness of the BaTiO3 and Sr3Al2O6, the exposed area of the Sr3Al2O6 interlayer, and the utilization of an additional electrode La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 layer, the crack density on the freestanding BaTiO3 can be dramatically decreased from 24.53% to almost none; then, a more than 700 × 530 μm2 area high-quality freestanding BaTiO3 membrane can be achieved. Our results offer a clear and repeatable technology routine for the acquisition of a flexible large-area ferroelectric membrane, which should be instructive to other transition metal oxides as well. Our study can confidently boost flexible device fabrication based on single-crystal transition metal oxides.
Relationship among Initial Texture, Deformation Mechanism, Mechanical Properties, and Texture Evolution during Uniaxial Compression of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Su Hui , Chu Zhibing , Xue Chun , Li Yugui , Ma Lifeng
Published: August 2020

Cuboid samples with significant initial texture differences were cut from extruded AZ31 Mg alloy samples, whose long axis and bar extrusion direction ED were 0° (sample E0), 45° (sample E45), and 90° (sample E90). The relationship among the initial texture, deformation mechanism, mechanical properties, and texture evolution of the AZ31 Mg alloy was investigated systematically using a compression test, microstructure characterization, and the Viscoplastic Self-Consistent (VPSC) model. Results revealed a close relationship among them. By influencing the activation of the deformation mechanism, the deformation under different initial textures resulted in obvious mechanical anisotropy. Compared with E0 and E90, the initial texture of E45 was more conducive to the improvement of reforming ability after pre-compression. Meanwhile, the initial texture significantly affected the microstructure characteristics of the material, especially the number and morphology of the {10–12} tensile twins. Texture results showed that the priority of deformation mechanism depended on the initial texture and led to the difference in texture evolution.
Synthesis of Two Novel Azilsartan Cocrystals: Preparation, Physicochemical Characterization and Solubility Studies
Authors: Gao Lei , Zhang Xian-Rui
Published: August 2020

Azilsartan is a novel angiotension II receptor blocker primarily used to treat high blood pressure. This is not a formulation-friendly molecule largely due to the inherent water-solubility pitfalls. In this paper, two novel cocrystals of azilsartan (AZ) were studied (AZ-BIP, AZ-BPE; BIP = 4,4′-bipyridine, BPE = trans-1,2-bis (4-pyridyl) ethylene) by solution crystallization. The structures of these two cocrystals were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), including the single-crystal structure determination of AZ-BIP and AZ-BPE. In the cocrystals AZ-BIP (2:1) and AZ-BPE (2:1), two AZ molecules and one coformer formed a sandwich structure through N-H…N interactions. These sandwich structures were extended into a one-dimensional structure through O-H…N hydrogen bonds. The equilibrium solubility study demonstrated that the AZ-BIP and AZ-BPE cocrystals both showed higher solubility than azilsartan in water.
A Systematic Review of the Diagnostic Methods of Small Fiber Neuropathies in Rehabilitation
Authors: Chiaramonte Rita , Romano Marcello , Vecchio Michele
Published: August 2020

This systematic review describes the several methods to diagnose and measure the severity of small fiber neuropathies and aims to guide the physician to define all the diagnostic approaches for adopting the best strategies described in the current literature. The search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. Two reviewers independently reviewed and came to consensus on which articles met inclusion/exclusion criteria. The authors excluded all the duplicates, animals’ studies, and included the English articles in which the diagnostic measures were finalized to assess the effectiveness of rehabilitation and pharmacologic treatment of patients with small fiber neuropathies. The search identified a total of 975 articles with the keywords “small fiber neuropathy” AND “rehabilitation” OR “therapy” OR “treatment”. Seventy-eight selected full-text were analyzed by the reviewers. Forty-one publications met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. Despite the range of diagnostic tools for the assessment of small fiber neuropathy, other robust trials are needed. In addition, always different diagnostic approaches are used, a unique protocol could be important for the clinicians. More research is needed to build evidence for the best diagnostic methodologies and to delineate a definitive diagnostic protocol.