bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen fixation and transcriptome of a new diazotrophic
Geomonas
from paddy soils
Authors: Liu Guo-Hong , Yang Shang , Han Shuang , Xie Cheng-Jie , Liu Xing , Rensing Christopher , Zhou Shun-Gui
Published: October 2023

Nitrogen gas (N
2
) fixation driven by diazotrophs is a crucial process for supplying nitrogen to paddy soil ecosystems. The genus
Geomonas
has been considered to be an important potential diazotroph in paddy soils, but direct experimental evidence of the nitrogen-fixing ability of
Geomonas
in pure culture is still lacking. Hence, we aimed to demonstrate this nitrogen-fixing capability and shed light on how this process was regulated in response to ammonium (NH
4
+
) in
Geomonas
. In this study, we determined that a key nitrogenase gene (
nifH
) was present in 50 isolates from paddy soils. Members of
Geomonas
contained the minimum nitrogen fixation gene cluster (
nifBHDKEN
) based on genomic analysis, implying
Geomonas
species had the potential to fix nitrogen. Acetylene reduction assay (ARA),
15
N
2
isotope labeling, and total nitrogen accumulation assays validated that
Geomonas
was, indeed, able to fix nitrogen in pure culture. Under nitrogen-fixing conditions, the cell morphology of
Geomonas
changed from short rod-shaped (with NH
4
+
) to long rod-shaped and flagella became longer and thicker. The expression of genes correlated to nitrogen fixation in the
Geomonas
transcriptome was quantified in response to NH
4
+
. Expression of genes associated with nitrogenase, flavin-based electron bifurcation complexes (such as the FixAB system), NH
4
+
uptake, and transformation (e.g., glutamine and glutamate synthetases) were significantly upregulated under nitrogen-fixing conditions, suggesting these mechanisms might be involved in N
2
fixation in
Geomonas
. These results were verified by RT-qPCR. Taken together, our results demonstrate that
Geomonas
species possess the ability to fix N
2
and expand our understanding on the ecological significance and potential applications of
Geomonas
in paddy soil ecosystems.

IMPORTANCE

The ability of
Geomonas
species to fix nitrogen gas (N
2
) is an important metabolic feature for its application as a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium. This research is of great importance as it provides the first comprehensive direct experimental evidence of nitrogen fixation by the genus
Geomonas
in pure culture. We isolated a number of
Geomonas
strains from paddy soils and determined that
nifH
was present in these strains. This study demonstrated that these
Geomonas
species harbored genes encoding nitrogenase, as do
Geobacter
and
Anaeromyxobacter
in the same class of
Deltaproteobacteria
. We demonstrated N
2
-dependent growth of
Geomonas
and determined regulation of gene expression associated with nitrogen fixation. The research establishes and advances our understanding of nitrogen fixation in
Geomonas
.
Complete genome sequence of
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
strain PH1273, isolated from aquacultured shrimp in the Philippines
Authors: Salazar John Raymond B. , Santos Mary Nia M. , Palaad Jeremy L. , Yen Hsi-Ching , Castellano Jose Louis A. , dela Peña Leobert D. , Amar Edgar C. , Lai Erh-Min , Kuo Chih-Horng
Published: October 2023

We announce the complete genome sequence of
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
strain PH1273. This strain was collected from a
Penaeus vannamei
pond in the Philippines in 2015. Genome analysis revealed that it lacks the gene
pirAB
responsible for causing acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease but encode multiple secretion systems and the associated effectors.
Conserved, yet disruption-prone, gut microbiomes in neotropical bumblebees
Authors: Villabona Nickole , Moran Nancy , Hammer Tobin , Reyes Alejandro
Published: October 2023

Bumblebees are important pollinators in natural ecosystems and agriculture, but many species are declining. Temperate-zone bumblebees have host-specific and beneficial gut microbiomes, which may have a role in mediating the effects of stressors. However, there is almost no published information on the gut microbiomes of tropical bumblebees. As temperate and tropical bumblebees encounter different floral resources and environmental conditions, their microbiomes could differ. Here, we characterized the gut microbiomes of four neotropical
Bombus
species and, for comparison, co-occurring solitary bees (genus
Thygater
). We collected wild-foraging bees from multiple sites in central Colombia and used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to characterize their gut microbiomes. DNA barcoding and morphology were used to identify bumblebee species. We found that the microbiomes of neotropical bumblebees cluster with those of closely related temperate-zone species, in agreement with a model of bumblebee-symbiont codiversification. There was no evidence of geographic differences in microbiome composition between neotropical and temperate-zone bumblebees. These results suggest that the microbiome was conserved during bumblebee dispersal from North America, despite major shifts in ecology and life history. As previously observed in temperate-zone species, some neotropical bumblebees have highly disrupted microbiomes, in which conserved gut bacterial symbionts are replaced by environmental microbes. In these individuals, the gut microbial profile is more like that of solitary bees than of conspecifics. The gut parasites
Nosema
and
Crithidia
are also prevalent and associated with microbiome disruption. Our findings provide insights into the biogeography of bee microbiomes and a foundation for studying bee-microbe-stressor interactions in the neotropics.

IMPORTANCE

Social bees are an important model for the ecology and evolution of gut microbiomes. These bees harbor ancient, specific, and beneficial gut microbiomes and are crucial pollinators. However, most of the research has concentrated on managed honeybees and bumblebees in the temperate zone. Here we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to characterize gut microbiomes in wild neotropical bumblebee communities from Colombia. We also analyzed drivers of microbiome structure across our data and previously published data from temperate bumblebees. Our results show that lineages of neotropical bumblebees not only retained their ancient gut bacterial symbionts during dispersal from North America but also are prone to major disruption, a shift that is strongly associated with parasite infection. Finally, we also found that microbiomes are much more strongly structured by host phylogeny than by geography, despite the very different environmental conditions and plant communities in the two regions.
Metabolic modeling predicts unique drug targets in
Borrelia burgdorferi
Authors: Gwynne Peter J. , Stocks Kee-Lee K. , Karozichian Elysse S. , Pandit Aarya , Hu Linden T.
Published: October 2023

The Lyme disease bacterium
Borrelia burgdorferi
is extremely host dependent, with a small genome and correspondingly limited metabolism. As such, it is an excellent candidate for the development of targeted, narrow-spectrum antimicrobials. To accelerate drug discovery in this fastidious bacterium,
in silico
genome-scale metabolic modeling was used to construct a map of
B. burgdorferi
’s metabolism. This map was used to predict essential genes and enzymes; experimental data validated these predicted hits as viable drug targets. Repurposing existing small-molecule inhibitors, it is shown that inhibition of two predicted essential enzymes (pyridoxal kinase and serine hydroxymethyltransferase) selectively kills
B. burgdorferi
in culture. Thus, the essential processes identified here represent targets for the development of narrow-spectrum antimicrobials. This pipeline, pairing
in silico
discovery with validation in culture, may be useful for other genetically intractable pathogens.

IMPORTANCE

Lyme disease is often treated using long courses of antibiotics, which can cause side effects for patients and risks the evolution of antimicrobial resistance. Narrow-spectrum antimicrobials would reduce these risks, but their development has been slow because the Lyme disease bacterium,
Borrelia burgdorferi
, is difficult to work with in the laboratory. To accelerate the drug discovery pipeline, we developed a computational model of
B. burgdorferi
’s metabolism and used it to predict essential enzymatic reactions whose inhibition prevented growth
in silico
. These predictions were validated using small-molecule enzyme inhibitors, several of which were shown to have specific activity against
B. burgdorferi
. Although the specific compounds used are not suitable for clinical use, we aim to use them as lead compounds to develop optimized drugs targeting the pathways discovered here.
Clinical presentation of childhood soft tissue sarcomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ni Cheallaigh Lorna , Liu Jo-Fen , Fern Lorna , Winyard Paul , Walker David , Ball-Gamble Ashley , Shanmugavadivel Dhurgshaarna
Published: October 2023

Background

Time to diagnosis (TTD) of childhood soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is significantly associated with survival. This review aims to identify pre-diagnostic symptoms/signs to inform earlier diagnosis interventions.

Methods

Medline, Embase, Cochrane and Web-of-Science were searched between January 2010 and February 2021 for studies including children (<18 years) diagnosed with STS, with no language restrictions. Pooled proportions of symptoms/signs were calculated and subanalysed by tumour location and age.

Results

Fifty-nine eligible studies were identified, totalling 2462 cases. The most frequent symptoms were lump/swelling (38%, 95% CI 27% to 51%), pain (6%, 95% CI 3% to 10%), cutaneous changes (4%, 95% CI 0 to 9%), localised eye swelling (3%, 95% CI 0 to 7%), cranial nerve deficits (2%, 95% CI 0 to 5%) and constitutional symptoms (2%, 95% CI 0 to 5%).

Symptoms varied by location and age. Localised eye swelling (20%, 95% CI 3% to 45%), cranial nerve deficits (14%, 95% CI 4% to 28%) and impaired visual function (6%, 95% CI 0 to 17%) were frequent in head and neck tumours. For abdomen/pelvic tumours, urinary symptoms (24%, 95% CI 5% to 15%), abdominal distension/discomfort (22%, 95% CI 4% to 47%), genital lump/swelling (16%, 95% CI 1% to 42%), constitutional symptoms (9%, 95% CI 0%] to 23%), vaginal bleeding (7%, 95%C I 0 to 21%) and bowel habit changes (6%, 95% CI 0 to 17%) were frequent.

In <5 years, consumptive coagulopathy (16%, 95% CI 0 to 48%), cutaneous changes (5%, 95% CI 0 to 40%), genital lump/swelling (4%, 95% CI 0 to 14%), reduced mobility (3%, 95% CI 0 to 11%), vaginal bleeding (2%, 95% CI 0 to 11%) and bleeding/bruising/petechiae (2%, 95% CI 0 to 20%) were frequent compared with lump/swelling, constitutional symptoms, pain and headaches which were frequent among >11 years.

Conclusions

For STS, pre-diagnostic symptoms differ by age and location, highlighting the need to tailor early diagnosis interventions.
Towards the validation of quantitative contrast sensitivity as a clinical endpoint: correlations with vision-related quality of life in bilateral AMD
Authors: Vingopoulos Filippos , Bannerman Augustine , Zhou Paul , Koch Thomas , Wescott Hannah E , Kim Leo , Vavvas Demetrios , Miller Joan W , Miller John B
Published: October 2023

Aim

To investigate if active learning of contrast sensitivity (CS) in bilateral age-related macular degeneration (AMD) correlates better than visual acuity (VA) with vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) using factor analysis-calibrated National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (NEI VFQ-25).

Methods

Prospective cross-sectional observational study in 93 patients (186 eyes) with bilateral AMD. CS was measured in one eye at a time with the quantitative CS function (qCSF) method (Adaptive Sensory Technology). Same-day VRQoL was assessed with factor analysis-calibrated NEI VFQ-25 visual function and socioemotional scales. Mixed-effects multiple linear regression analyses evaluated the associations of the qCSF outcomes and VA with the NEI VFQ-25 scales. A subgroup analysis on patients with AMD with VA more than 20/25 in both eyes was performed.

Results

Compared with VA, CS outcomes were associated with larger effect on both visual function scale (standardised beta coefficients (β*) for area under the logarithm of CSF (AULCSF) curve and CS thresholds at 1.5, 3 and 6 cycles per degree (cpd): β*=0.50, 0.48, 0.52, 0.46, all p<0.001, respectively, vs β*=−0.45 for VA, all p<0.001) and socioemotional scale (β* for AULCSF and CS threshold at 6 cpd: β*=0.44, 0.44 vs β*=−0.42 for VA, all p<0.001). In patients with AMD with VA more than 20/25 in both eyes (N=20), both VFQ-25 scales and all CS outcomes were significantly reduced.

Conclusions

qCSF-measured CS strongly correlates with patient-reported VRQoL in bilateral AMD, even stronger than VA does. This study further validates qCSF-measured CS as a promising functional endpoint for future clinical trials in AMD.
Factors affecting female sexual well-being: a 5-year follow-up of a randomised clinical trial on post-abortion contraception
Authors: Bosas Janina , Toffol Elena , Pohjoranta Elina , Mentula Maarit J , Hurskainen Ritva , Suhonen Satu , Heikinheimo Oskari
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Sexual well-being is associated with general well-being. Several factors, such as overweight, infertility, anxiety and sex hormones, also play a role, but the effects of hormonal contraception remain a point of debate. We characterised the factors associated with sexual well-being in fertile-aged women following induced abortion.

Methods

A 5-year follow-up of a nested, longitudinal, cohort study examining the effects of routine provision of intrauterine contraception as part of abortion care. Sexual well-being, anxiety and quality of life were assessed annually using validated questionnaires (McCoy Female Sexuality Questionnaire, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and EuroQoL), along with data on general and reproductive health, and relationship status. Of the 742 women participating in the trial, 290 (39%) provided sufficient follow-up data and were included in this study.

Results

Based on trajectories of McCoy scores across the 5-year follow-up, two groups were identified: those with stable and higher (n=223, 76.9%) and those with declining sexual well-being (n=67, 23.1%). Women in the group of declining sexual well-being had significantly higher levels of anxiety and lower quality of life at all time points. They also had chronic diseases more often and were less happy in their relationships. No differences were found in method of contraception when classified as hormonal versus non-hormonal, or long-acting versus short-acting reversible contraception.

Conclusions

Lower anxiety and higher quality of life are associated with stable and higher sexual well-being. Method of contraception or relationship status are not associated with sexual well-being during long-term follow-up in fertile-aged women.
Prepayment meters strongly associated with multiple types of deprivation and emergency respiratory hospital admissions: an observational, cross-sectional study
Authors: Ding Xuejie , Akimova Evelina T , Zhao Bo , Dederichs Kasimir , Mills Melinda C
Published: October 2023

Background

Prepayment meters (PPMs) require energy to be paid in advance. Action groups and media contend that PPMs are concentrated in the most vulnerable groups, prone to run out of credit and experience financial burden. This led to forced installation for those over age 85 being banned in April 2023 and a ‘prepayment premium’ scrapped in July 2023. Yet, we lack empirical evidence of which groups PPMs are concentrated. This ecological study examines the extent to which PPMs are associated with multiple measures of structural social, economic and health deprivation to establish evidence-based policy.

Methods

Combining multiple regional data and census estimates at the Lower Layer Super Output Area and the Middle Layer Super Output Area level from England and Wales, we use Spearman’s rank correlation, Pearson correlation and multivariate linear regression to empirically establish associations between PPMs and multiple types of deprivation.

Results

Higher PPM prevalence is strongly associated with: lower income, receipt of employment benefits, ethnic minorities, lower education and higher health deprivation. Higher PPM prevalence is strongly associated with higher income deprivation affecting children, the elderly and social rental properties. PPMs are significantly associated with emergency hospital admissions for respiratory diseases in England, even after controlling for confounders (coefficient=1.81; 95% CI 1.51 to 2.11).

Conclusions

We found empirical evidence that PPM users are concentrated among the population who already experience multiple disadvantages. Furthermore, PPM concentrated areas are associated with higher emergency hospital admissions for respiratory diseases.
Micro-mechanical behavior of nanosilica-treated high-sulfate soils
Authors: Biswas Nripojyoti , Puppala Anand J. , Chakraborty Sayantan , Little Dallas N.
Published: October 2023

The addition of calcium (Ca)-based stabilizers to sulfate-rich expansive soils is associated with the formation of ettringite, a deleterious reactant that can cause moderate-to-severe swell-related damage to overlying lightweight infrastructures. This research study was conducted to understand the effects of combining nanosilica admixtures with a traditional Ca-based stabilizer to effectively treat high-sulfate soils with an intent to suppress the ettringite formation. Engineering and microstructural studies were thus performed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the behavior of sulfate-bearing soils treated with lime in the presence of amorphous nanosilica. The engineering studies on treated and untreated soils included strength tests before and after capillary soaking, free swell strain tests, and resilient moduli studies that were performed to study and understand the macrostructural behavior of these soils at different curing periods. Supplemental studies using scanning electron microscope imaging and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, thermal analyses using differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction studies were also conducted to determine the microstructural changes that occur within these sulfate-rich soils. The results showed that additional silica phases furnished from nanosilica suppressed the precipitation of ettringite and correspondingly increased the formation of cementitious phases. This study also provided ample evidence that the application of amorphous siliceous nanomaterials positively impacts chemical treatments and reduces the precipitation of ettringite in sulfate-rich soils, thus enhancing their engineering performance.
Optical lines of Xe9+ and Xe10+ ions measured at a low-energy electron beam ion trap
Authors: Niu Ben , Zhang Yizhuo , Chen Jihui , Meng Shiyan , Yao Ke , Zou Yaming , Li Jiguang , He Zhencen , Meng Ju
Published: October 2023

This work reported the investigation of optical spectra of Rh-like Xe9+ and Ru-like Xe10+ ions at a low-energy electron beam ion trap. The line from 4 d9 2D3/2–2D5/2  M1 transition of Xe9+ ions was remeasured, the wavelength of which was determined to be 598.365(5) nm, and the uncertainty was significantly improved. In the region of 200–700 nm, four spectral lines emitted from Xe10+ ions were directly observed for the first time. The relativistic many-body perturbation method was adopted for the investigation of fine structure in Xe10+ ions. The theoretical and experimental results were in good agreement within 2%, and the four observed lines of Xe10+ ions were identified.
Impact of plastic pollution on atmospheric carbon dioxide
Authors: Gurgacz Natalia S. , Kvale Karin , Eby Michael , Weaver Andrew J.
Published: October 2023

Since the beginning of its large-scale production in the early 20th century, plastics have remained an important material in widespread use throughout modern society. Nevertheless, despite possessing many benefits, plastics are resistant to degradation and instead accumulate in the ocean and terrestrial sediments, thereby potentially affecting marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Plastics release CO2 throughout their entire lifecycle; during the extraction of materials used in their production, through plastic–carbon leaching in the marine and terrestrial environment, and during their different end-of-life scenarios, which include recycling, landfill, and incineration. Here, we use the University of Victoria earth system climate model to quantity the effects on atmospheric CO2 and the ocean carbon cycle by using upper-bound estimates of carbon emissions from marine plastic–carbon leaching or land-based incineration. Despite the suggestions of some, our results indicate that it has only a very minor influence and an insignificant effect on the earth's global climate system. This holds even if plastic contamination increases well beyond current levels. On the other hand, carbon emissions associated with plastic production and incineration have a greater impact on climate while still dwarfed by emissions associated with the combustion of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) and other anthropogenic sources. Our results have important policy implications for ongoing United Nations Environment Programme Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee on Plastic Pollution negotiations.
Not All That It Seems: Narrowing of Gender Gaps in Employment during the Onset of COVID-19 in Indonesia
Authors: HALIM DANIEL , HAMBALI SEAN , PURNAMASARI RIRIN SALWA
Published: October 2023

This paper studies the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on Indonesia’s labor market, using the exogenous timing of the pandemic in a seasonal difference-in-differences framework. We use multiple rounds of Indonesia’s National Labor Force Survey to establish a pre-pandemic employment trend and attribute any difference from this trend to the estimated effect of the pandemic on employment outcomes. We find mixed impacts of the pandemic on Indonesia’s labor market. While the pandemic has reduced the gender gap in employment participation due to the “added worker effect” among women, it has also lowered overall employment quality among both women and men. The increase in female employment was mainly driven by women in rural areas without a high school education entering either informal agricultural employment or unpaid family work. For men, the pandemic had negative employment impacts for all subgroups. Among the employed, both women and men work fewer hours and earn lower wages.
Trust as Key to Health Sector Reforms
Authors: KULKARNI VANI S. , KULKARNI VEENA S. , GAIHA RAGHAV
Published: October 2023

Globally, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has sparked unexpected and violent outbursts against doctors, nurses, and other health personnel. In the Indian context, studies on violence against doctors and other medical staff largely focus on supply-demand imbalances in health care, overcrowding, drug shortages, negligence of critical care patients, lack of diagnostic and other essential devices (e.g., X-ray and ultrasound equipment and oxygen cylinders), deaths of patients, and bribery and corruption (collusion between doctors and pharmaceutical companies). While these factors explain such violence against medical personnel partly, we argue that it is largely rooted in a lack of trust in doctors and hospitals, which eroded rapidly during the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyze the covariates of trust in public and private health-care providers based on an all-India panel survey and delineate policies to rebuild trust, especially in public health care.
Dirac particles with screened Kratzer–Hulthen plus ring-shaped potential in noncompact extra dimensions
Authors: Likéné A. Atangana , Ema’a Ema’a J. M. , Abiama P. Ele , Ben-Bolie G. H.
Published: October 2023

To describe the four fundamental interactions observed in the universe, we used the Dirac equation containing an interaction of the screened Kratzer and the Hulthen potential with a ring-shaped term. We study the energy spectra of spin-[Formula: see text] particles in noncompact extra dimensions. The polar and angular parts of the N-dimensional Dirac equation are solved using the Nikiforov–Uvarov method. The transcendental energy equation and the associated two components spinor wavefunctions of the spin-[Formula: see text] particles are obtained. Moreover, we obtained the nonrelativistic limit of our results by mean of a specific mapping. Some special cases of the proposed potential have been discussed, and their corresponding eigenvalue energies were determined. Finally, we proposed that our results can be used in many branches of physics, to investigate scenarios in extra dimensions where spin-[Formula: see text] particles are involved. To test the reliability of our model, we computed the numerical values of the energy spectra of lithium hydride and hydrogen chloride diatomic molecules using a special case of the proposed potential. The energy spectra are calculated for different quantum numbers [Formula: see text] at different values of the dimensionality of the space. The results of this research are overall in good agreement with the theoretical studies of similar investigation.
RollBack: A New Time-Agnostic Replay Attack Against the Automotive Remote Keyless Entry Systems
Authors: Csikor Levente , Lim Hoon Wei , Wong Jun Wen , Ramesh Soundarya , Parameswarath Rohini Poolat , Chan Mun Choon
Published: October 2023

Automotive Keyless Entry (RKE) systems provide car owners with a degree of convenience, allowing them to lock and unlock their car without using a mechanical key. Today’s RKE systems implement disposable rolling codes, making every key fob button press unique, effectively preventing simple replay attacks. However, a prior attack called RollJam was proven to break all rolling code–based systems in general. By a careful sequence of signal jamming, capturing, and replaying, an attacker can become aware of the subsequent valid unlock signal that has not been used yet. RollJam, however, requires continuous deployment indefinitely until it is exploited. Otherwise, the captured signals become invalid if the key fob is used again without RollJam in place.

We introduce RollBack, a new replay-and-resynchronize attack against most of today’s RKE systems. In particular, we show that even though the one-time code becomes invalid in rolling code systems, replaying a few previously captured signals consecutively can trigger a rollback-like mechanism in the RKE system. Put differently, the rolling codes become resynchronized back to a previous code used in the past from where all subsequent yet already used signals work again. Moreover, the victim can still use the key fob without noticing any difference before and after the attack.

Unlike RollJam, RollBack does not necessitate jamming at all. In fact, it requires signal capturing only once and can be exploited at any time in the future as many times as desired. This time-agnostic property is particularly attractive to attackers, especially in car-sharing/renting scenarios in which accessing the key fob is straightforward. However, while RollJam defeats virtually any rolling code–based system, vehicles might have additional anti-theft measures against malfunctioning key fobs, hence against RollBack. Our ongoing analysis (with crowd-sourced data) against different vehicle makes and models has revealed that ∼ 50% of the examined vehicles in the Asian region are vulnerable to RollBack, whereas the impact tends to be smaller in other regions, such as Europe and North America.
Open-Circuit Potential Drift in Intercalation Electrodes: Role of Charge Redistribution in a Prussian Blue Analog
Authors: Pothanamkandathil Vineeth , Boualavong Jonathan , Gorski Christopher A.
Published: October 2023

Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) are used as electrode materials in energy storage and water deionization cells due to their reversible cation intercalation capability. Despite extensive research on their performance and intercalation mechanisms, little attention has been given to their behavior under open-circuit conditions. Recent studies using symmetrical PBA electrodes in two electrode deionization cells reported that after constant current cycling in dilute NaCl (<0.2 M), the cell voltage dropped under open-circuit conditions, which substantially increased the amount of energy consumed for deionization. However, it remains unclear which electrode (anode/cathode) experienced potential drift and if it was influenced by the low salinity of the electrolyte. Here, we performed a series of electrochemical experiments under different charging and discharging regimes and electrolyte compositions to determine the processes that contributed most significantly to open-circuit potential drift. The data indicated that charge redistribution within the electrode was the main contributor to open circuit potential drift, with electrode dissolution and parasitic reactions playing negligible roles. A one-dimensional finite element model was constructed to simulate charge redistribution by accounting for cation diffusion under open-circuit conditions. The open-circuit potential profiles generated by the model were validated against experimental trends, confirming the occurrence of charge redistribution. A Monte Carlo analysis of the model was conducted to determine the relationship of potential drift to key factors such as applied current, electrode thickness, diffusion coefficient of intercalating ions, and intercalation capacity. Subsequently, a dimensionless number (Da) was developed based on the Dahmköhler number to relate the extent of potential drift resulting from combinations of these factors. The analyses revealed a strong positive correlation between simulated potential drift and Da. Among the key factors studied here, the diffusion coefficient and applied current had the largest impact on Da and, consequently, on potential drift.
Electrochemical Quantification of Dopamine Sensing in Human Samples Using Bromine Doped Layered gC3N4 Nanosheets
Authors: Vasu Dhanapal , Ravi Pavithra V , Subramaniyam Vinodhini , Pichumani Moorthi , You Yu-Feng , Chiu Te-Wei
Published: October 2023

The halogen, bromine (Br) doped layered graphitic carbon nitride (gCN) nanosheets are constructed for a novel electrochemical detection of dopamine (DA). The Br is successfully immobilized in the gCN host lattice, in which Br provides an N-vacancy for -C-N bonding to improve electron transfer and enhance its electrocatalytic properties. The prepared nanosheets are studied by various analytical analyses and the electrochemical behavior of the designed electrode is studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The Br-gCN decorated screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) has superior electrochemical activity and is stable during exposure to varied pH, however, exhibited better catalytic activity at pH 7. The Br-gCN/SPEC electrodes and their high electrocatalytic performance are used for the detection of dopamine with a lower limit of detection (LoD) of 5 nM concentration. The Br-gCN decorated electrodes exhibited satisfactory results for cyclic stability (up to 100th cycle), repeatability (up to 6 cycles), reproducibility of similarly constructed 6 electrodes, and their electrochemical performance. Furthermore, the fabricated sensor also exhibited a better recovery (>80%) for real-time urine sample analyses.
A Comprehensive Review on Oil Palm Fibre Implementations in Medical Sector
Authors: Babu Nurul Syafika Atikah , Alawi Rabihah , Muttlib Nor Aidaniza Abdul , Karobari Mohmed Isaqali
Published: October 2023

Objective. Reviewing oil palm fibre (OPF) utilisation in various medical sectors. Background. The OPF, especially in nanocellulose form, is frequently used due to its exceptional mechanical attributes, considerable surface area, versatility for surface functionalisation, biocompatibility, and nontoxicity. Method. Only articles published in the last ten years (2012-2022) and written in English were reviewed in this study. An electronic search was conducted in Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and PubMed using the terms “oil palm fibres in the medical field” and “oil palm fibre.” Results. Among the 459 articles obtained, only 24 were accessible as full text and satisfied the parameters set in this study. Conclusion. The OPF could be widely employed in the medical domain, particularly the biomedical branch, for drug delivery, tissue engineering, wound dressing, and antimicrobial agent transporters. The substance also demonstrated promising results and significant capacities to be utilised and further studied.
Pemphigus Foliaceus after COVID-19 Vaccination: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Pham Nguyen Nhat , Nguyen Thuy Thi Phan , Vu Thao Thi Phuong , Nguyen Hao Trong
Published: October 2023

Autoimmune bullous diseases (AIBDs) following coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccination have been previously documented in medical literature, given the comparable nature of the RNA antigen in these vaccines to that of the cellular nuclear matter. However, pemphigus foliaceus has been reported less frequently than other postimmunization AIBDs worldwide. Two women were admitted to our hospital with skin erosion over their faces, trunks, and extremities after receiving COVID-19 vaccination. Upon examination and consultation with pathologists, the diagnosis of pemphigus foliaceus was confirmed for both patients. In an effort to contribute to the knowledge on this intriguing topic, we present these two aforementioned cases of pemphigus foliaceus following COVID-19 vaccination, which may initially appear as a typical occurrence but exhibit some noteworthy characteristics.
Finding the Best Station to Use Buildings Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPVs) in Eight Different Climates of Iran: Effect of Wind Speed and Photovoltaic Modules Type
Authors: Talebi Marzieh , Jahangiri Mehdi , Riahi Rashid
Published: October 2023

Buildings consume a significant amount of energy worldwide. Therefore, providing a part of this energy consumption with renewable energy, and reducing energy consumption, can lead to reducing pollutants. Due to the importance of the abovementioned points, this work aims to supply part of the required electricity in the buildings by using solar cells in eight climates of Iran. According to the available photovoltaic modules in the Iranian market, the study has been performed for six different types of solar cells. Considering the effect of temperature and wind speed on the efficiency of solar cells has made the results of the present work more consistent with reality. The simulations are performed for 25 years of the project’s useful life using HOMER V2.81 software, and the studied system is connected to the grid. The conclusions displayed that the Passive Emitter Rear Cell Silicon (perc-si) has the highest efficiency (21.22%–22.8%). Marand station is economically suitable (total net present cost (NPC) of 3180$ for a polycrystalline panel), and Gonbad station is appropriate because of high solar energy production (9183 kWh/year) and low environmental pollution (12602.9 kg/year). Due to the diversity and breadth of Iran’s climates, the results of the present study can be used for other areas with similar climates.
Classical and Quantum Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensing
Authors: Mpofu K. T. , Ombinda-Lemboumba S. , Mthunzi-Kufa P.
Published: October 2023

Surface plasmon resonance is an optical phenomenon first discovered in 1902. The phenomenon has since had many applications, particularly in biosensing. In this paper, we review surface plasmon resonance-based biosensing, look at recent progress made in integrating quantum resources to develop surface plasmon resonance-based biosensors into a class of surface plasmon resonance biosensors commonly referred to as quantum surface plasmon resonance biosensors, and examine the advantages which quantum biosensors bring. We will review recent experimental and theoretical work showing that making use of quantum states of light offers a great enhancement in the precision of our biosensor, as they can go below the shot-noise limit (standard quantum limit) of precision in intensity noise detection. An overview of the surface plasmon resonance mechanism, its applications, and some limitations, as well as a report on recent research to address certain limitations and quantum-based surface plasmon resonance sensing, are provided.
Wild Mushrooms: Potential Natural Sources of Antioxidant and Anti‐Quorum Sensing Bioactive Compounds for Medical Applications
Authors: Gebreyohannes Gebreselema , Sbhatu Desta Berhe , Nyerere Andrew , Bii Christine , Gebrehiwot Abrha Gebreselema
Published: October 2023

Objective. This study was aimed at determining the antioxidant, anti‐quorum sensing, and in vitro cytotoxic activities of five wild mushroom extracts. Methods. Wild mushrooms of Auricularia auricula-judae, Termitomyces umkowaani, Trametes elegans, Trametes versicolor, and Microporus xanthopus were collected from Arabuko‐Sokoke and Kakamega National Forests, in Kenya. Specimens were identified and extracted using chloroform (CHL), 70% ethanol (Eth), and hot water (HW) solvents. Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the extracts were determined using 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Vero cell lines, respectively, while anti‐quorum sensing activities were tested against Chromobacterium violaceum. All data were compared using relevant descriptive and inferential statistics at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. Results. A total of 35 wild mushrooms were collected, identified, and classified into 14 genera. Among screened mycochemicals, fatty acids, flavonoids, polyphenols, and saponins were detected at higher concentrations. The highest free radical scavenging activities of A. auricula-judae, T. umkowaani, T. elegans, and T. versicolor were observed in 70% Eth extract with the percentage values of 76.40 ± 0.12%, 68.40 ± 0.01%, 62.40 ± 0.07%, and 66.40 ± 0.04%, respectively, whereas the HW extract of Microporus xanthopus showed free radical scavenging activity at 65.90 ± 0.02%. None of the extracts, at the tested concentrations (up to 1000 µg/mL), had shown cytotoxic activity against the Vero cell line. The HW extract of T. umkowaani and the 70% Eth extract of T. versicolor showed a statistically significant difference in the inhibitory activity of violacein production against C. violaceum at the concentration of 200 µg/mL. Conclusions. The antioxidant activity of wild mushrooms can help to tackle the diseases caused by free radicals. The anti‐quorum sensing potential of wild mushrooms could also provide future alternatives to conventional drug therapies cost‐effectively. Further detailed chemistry of the bioactive compounds and their possible mechanisms of action responsible for the observed antioxidant and anti‐quorum sensing activities are needed.
GLAD Fabricated Self-Powered Photodetector Based on WO3 with SiO2 as Interfacial Layer
Authors: Alam Mir Waqas , Meitei Ph. Nonglen , Aldughaylibi Fatimah Saeed , BaQais Amal , Waheed-Ur-Rehman Mir , Ali Mohamad Akbar , Maghanga Christopher M.
Published: October 2023

Photodetectors based on one-dimensional structures have recently attracted great interest due to their high surface-to-volume ratio and light-trapping efficiency. In this study, a self-powered photodetector based on vertically aligned WO3 nanorod with SiO2 as an interfacial layer has been fabricated using glancing angle deposition. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis confirms the successful growth of WO3 nanorod and SiO2 thin film with a thickness of ~125 nm and ~70 nm, respectively. The device’s optical properties were also analysed using UV-visible spectroscopy, which revealed a wide bandgap and an intense absorption peak in the ultraviolet region. The electrical analysis showed a nonlinear rectifying current-voltage behaviour with high photosensitivity. Additionally, the photodetector exhibits a fast response of 0.31 s rise time and 0.32 s fall time at 0 V. Moreover, the devices possess a high detectivity and a responsivity of 0.68 mA/W. Thus, the obtained finding reveals a potential candidate for self-powered photodetector application.
Modeling the Influence of Ground-Granulated Blast Furnace Slag on Hydration of Cement
Authors: Yadeta Andualem , Goyal Pradeep , Sarkar Raju
Published: October 2023

Portland cement is usually substituted with granulated blast furnace slag to make a slag-blended cement. A slag-incorporating cement has a more complicated hydration process than Portland cement due to the interactions between the slag reaction and the hydration of Portland cement in the cementitious systems. Understanding the effect of slag substitution on the hydration of cement is still challenging; hence, this research is aimed at predicting the hydration of slag-incorporating cement. To achieve this, the extended CEMHYD3D model was employed to predict the hydration of a slag-blended cement. The simulation was done with cement paste samples made with various water-to-cement ratios and different slag substitution levels, in which the interaction between the hydration of Portland cement and the reaction of slag was considered. The prediction model has been validated with experimental results and verified to be successful in predicting the hydration of slag-blended cement.
PET/CT Biomarkers Enable Risk Stratification of Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Enrolled in the LOTIS-2 Clinical Trial
Authors: Alderuccio Juan Pablo , Reis Isildinha M. , Hamadani Mehdi , Nachiappan Muthiah , Leslom Salman , Kahl Brad S. , Ai Weiyun Z. , Radford John , Solh Melhem , Ardeshna Kirit M. , Hess Brian T. , Lunning Matthew A. , Zinzani Pier Luigi , Stathis Anastasios , Carlo-Stella Carmelo , Lossos Izidore S. , Caimi Paolo F. , Han Sunwoo , Yang Fei , Kuker Russ A. , Moskowitz Craig H.
Published: October 2023

Purpose:

Significant progress has occurred in developing quantitative PET/CT biomarkers in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Total metabolic tumor volume (MTV) is the most extensively studied, enabling assessment of FDG-avid tumor burden associated with outcomes. However, prior studies evaluated the outcome of cytotoxic chemotherapy or chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy without data on recently approved FDA agents. Therefore, we aimed to assess the prognosis of PET/CT biomarkers in patients treated with loncastuximab tesirine.

Experimental Design:

We centrally reviewed screening PET/CT scans of patients with relapsed/refractory DLBCL enrolled in the LOTIS-2 (NCT03589469) study. MTV was obtained by computing individual volumes using the SUV ≥4.0 threshold. Other PET/CT metrics, clinical factors, and the International Metabolic Prognostic Index (IMPI) were evaluated. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between biomarkers and treatment response. Cox regression was used to determine the effect of biomarkers on time-to-event outcomes. We estimated biomarker prediction as continuous and binary variables defined by cutoff points.

Results:

Across 138 patients included in this study, MTV with a cutoff point of 96 mL was the biomarker associated with the highest predictive performance in univariable and multivariable models to predict failure to achieve complete metabolic response (OR, 5.42; P = 0.002), progression-free survival (HR, 2.68; P = 0.002), and overall survival (HR, 3.09; P < 0.0001). IMPI demonstrated an appropriate performance, however, not better than MTV alone.

Conclusions:

Pretreatment MTV demonstrated robust risk stratification, with those patients demonstrating high MTV achieving lower responses and survival to loncastuximab tesirine in relapsed/refractory DLBCL.
Conventional Tools for Predicting Satisfactory Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in HR+/HER2− Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Oprea Adela Luciana , Gulluoglu Bahadir , Aytin Yusuf Emre , Eren Ozgur Can , Aral Canan , Szekely Tiberiu- Bogdan , Tastekin Ebru , Kaya Handan , Bademler Süleyman , Karanlık Hasan , Sezer Atakan , Ugurlu Mustafa Umit , Turdean Sabin Gligore , Georgescu Rares , Marginean Claudiu
Published: October 2023

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the role of Magee Equation 3 (MagEq3), IHC4 score, and HER2-low status in predicting “satisfactory response (SR)” to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in HR+/HER2− breast cancer (BC) patients. Methods: In a retrospective study, female patients of any age with T1–4, N0–2, M0 HR+/HER2− BC who received NAC and underwent adequate locoregional surgical treatment were included. Patients were grouped according to 2 outcomes: (a) overall response to NAC in breast and axilla by using residual cancer burden (RCB) criteria and (b) axillary downstaging after NAC by using N staging. 2 cohorts for overall response were overall SR (RCB 0–1) and no SR (RCB 2–3). On the other hand, for axillary downstaging, 2 cohorts constituted from axillary SR (ypN0 and ypN0i+) and no SR (ypNmic-N3). MagEq3 and IHC4 scores were calculated from their pathological tumor slides in each patient. HER2 status was categorized as either “no” or “low.” In addition, patient age, family history, tumor histology, stage at admission, and Ki-67 status were compared between cohorts according to predefined outcomes. Results: In a total of 230 BC patients, 228 patients were included to compare according to their RCB levels. The mean age of patients with overall SR was significantly lower than those without. Patients with high Ki-67 expression, high (>30) MagEq3 score, high ICH4 quartile, and HER2-low status had significantly more overall SR. On the other hand, only patients with high Ki-67 expression had significantly more axillary SR. MagEq3 score levels, ICH4 quartiles, and HER2 status were similar between patients with axillary SR and not. Conclusion: MagEq3 and IHC4 tools seemed to be useful to predict those HR+/HER2− BC patients who are most likely to get benefit from NAC. But, only high Ki-67 expression level significantly predicted satisfactory axillary downstaging in HR+/HER2− BC patients.
As cinco faces do agronegócio: mudanças climáticas e territórios indígenas
Authors: Pompeia Caio
Published: October 2023

Com as pressões globais sobre problemas socioambientais nas cadeias de commodities agropecuárias no Brasil, há maior estímulo para a diferenciação entre os atores do agronegócio que operam no país. Por meio de um gradiente, este artigo analisa cinco correntes de posições desses atores sobre questões socioambientais. Associando cada corrente a um ator empresarial específico, o trabalho também examina em que medida as posições são desdobradas em ações políticas efetivas. Os materiais empíricos advêm de documentos patronais e corporativos, observação participante de longa duração em núcleos políticos e entrevistas com líderes empresariais. Os resultados demonstram a ampliação de divergências programáticas entre tais atores, mas também evidenciam consideráveis contradições nesse processo.
O dom de jogar e o torcer sem dom: extensões de uma categoria no contexto do futebol
Authors: Toledo Luiz Henrique de
Published: October 2023

Esse artigo pretende avaliar como a noção de dom se comporta nos contextos de futebol. A discussão envolverá a articulação e percepção dialética de dois domínios convencionais contíguos e constitutivos da prática, o jogar e o torcer, tomados como qualidades sensíveis e fundamentos daquilo que será metaforizado por cultura do futebol. Do ponto de vista da proposta analítica e metodológica do chamado modelo das relações busca-se argumentar a favor das percepções do olhar, faculdade conectiva entre aqueles dois domínios, que ajuízam as extensões de significados que o dom pode alcançar. O argumento central é que estamos diante menos de sistemas, mas espalhamentos contextuais do dom, misturando aquilo que sociológica e historicamente as convenções simbólicas mantiveram apartadas e hierarquizadas entre práticas do jogar e torcer.