bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proteome capacity constraints favor respiratory ATP generation
Authors: Shen Yihui , Dinh Hoang V. , Cruz Edward , Call Catherine M. , Baron Heide , Ryseck Rolf-Peter , Pratas Jimmy , Subramanian Arjuna , Fatma Zia , Weilandt Daniel , Dwaraknath Sudharsan , Xiao Tianxia , Hendry John I. , Tran Vinh , Yang Lifeng , Yoshikuni Yasuo , Zhao Huimin , Maranas Costas D. , Wühr Martin , Rabinowitz Joshua D.
Published: August 2022

Cells face competing metabolic demands. These include efficient use of both limited substrates and limited proteome capacity, as well as flexibility to deal with different environments. Flexibility requires spare enzyme capacity, which is proteome inefficient. ATP generation can occur via fermentation or respiration. Fermentation is much less substrate-efficient, but often assumed to be more proteome efficient 1–3, thereby favoring fast-growing cells engaging in aerobic glycolysis 4–8. Here, however, we show that mitochondrial respiration is actually more proteome-efficient than aerobic glycolysis. Instead, aerobic glycolysis arises from cells maintaining the flexibility to grow also anaerobically. These conclusions emerged from an unbiased assessment of metabolic regulatory mechanisms, integrating quantitative metabolomics, proteomics, and fluxomics, of two budding yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Issatchenkia orientalis, the former more fermentative and the latter respiratory. Their energy pathway usage is largely explained by differences in proteome allocation. Each organism’s proteome allocation is remarkably stable across environmental conditions, with metabolic fluxes predominantly regulated at the level of metabolite concentrations. This leaves extensive spare biosynthetic capacity during slow growth and spare capacity of their preferred bioenergetic machinery when it is not essential. The greater proteome-efficiency of respiration is also observed in mammals, with aerobic glycolysis occurring in yeast or mammalian cells that maintain a fermentation-capable proteome conducive to both aerobic and anaerobic growth.
Fgf9-Nolz-1-Wnt2 Signaling Axis Regulates Morphogenesis of the Lung
Authors: Chen Shih-Yun , Liu Fu-Chin
Published: August 2022

Morphological development of the lung requires complex signal crosstalk between the mesenchymal and epithelial progenitors. Elucidating the genetic cascades underlying the signal crosstalk is essential to understanding the morphogenesis of the lung. Here, we have identified Nolz-1/Znf503 as a mesenchymal lineage-specific transcriptional regulator that plays a key role in lung morphogenesis. The null mutation of Nolz-1 resulted in a severe hypoplasia phenotype, including decreased proliferation of mesenchymal cells, aberrant differentiation of epithelial cells, and defective growth of epithelial branches. The deletion of Nolz-1 also downregulated the expressions of Wnt2, Lef1, Fgf10, Gli3 and Bmp4. Mechanistically, we found that Nolz-1 regulated lung morphogenesis primarily through Wnt2 signaling. Loss of function and overexpression studies demonstrated that Nolz-1 transcriptionally activated Wnt2 and downstream β-catenin signaling to control mesenchymal cell proliferation and epithelial branching. The Nolz-1-Wnt2 axis was also supported by evidence that exogenous Wnt2 could causally rescue defective proliferation and epithelial branching in Nolz-1 knockout lungs. Finally, we have identified Fgf9 as an upstream regulator of Nolz-1. Collectively, Fgf9-Nolz-1-Wnt2 signaling represents a novel signaling axis in the control of lung morphogenesis. These findings are also relevant to lung tumorigenesis in which a pathological function of Nolz-1 is involved.
Deciphering transcriptional networks during human cardiac development
Authors: Canac Robin , Cimarosti Bastien , Girardeau Aurore , Forest Virginie , Olchesqui Pierre , Poschmann Jeremie , Redon Richard , Lemarchand Patricia , Gaborit Nathalie , Lamirault Guillaume
Published: August 2022

Human heart development is governed by transcription factor (TF) networks controlling dynamic and temporal gene expression alterations. Therefore, to comprehensively characterize these transcriptional regulations, day-to-day transcriptomic profiles were generated throughout the directed cardiac differentiation, starting from three distinct human induced pluripotent stem cell lines from healthy donors (32 days). We applied an expression-based correlation score to the chronological expression profiles of the TF genes, and clustered them into 12 sequential gene expression waves. We then identified a regulatory network of more than 23 000 activation and inhibition links between 216 TFs. Within this network, we observed previously unknown inferred transcriptional activations linking IRX3 and IRX5 TFs to three master cardiac TFs: GATA4, NKX2-5 and TBX5. Luciferase and co-immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that these 5 TFs could (1) activate each other’s expression, (2) interact physically as multiprotein complexes and (3) together, finely regulate the expression of SCN5A, encoding the major cardiac sodium channel. Altogether, these results unveiled thousands of interactions between TFs, generating multiple robust hypotheses governing human cardiac development.
Exploring bullying behaviors from the perspective of physicians and nurses in Jordanian public hospitals
Authors: Ababneh Raed , Abu Ahmadah Walaa
Published: August 2022

Purpose

This study aims to explore the perception of physicians and nurses toward the prevalence of workplace bullying behaviors (verbal, physical, social, and cyber) in Jordanian public hospitals.

Design/methodology/approach

The study population consisted of 1,056 physicians and nurses working on the day and night shifts in four leading public hospitals in Jordan. A convenient nonprobability sample of 460 physicians and nurses was chosen randomly to answer the self-administrated questionnaire developed by the authors. Descriptive and inferential statistics were conducted using SPSS 26.0. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Findings

Participants reported that the prevalence of workplace bullying behaviors was 23% (M = 1.15). The practice of the bullying types was in descending order as follows: verbal (25%), social (24.8%), physical (21.4%), and cyber (21%). Abusers spread rumors about the victims (31%), verbally harass them for provocation (29%), physically damage their things without any reason (26%), and make fun of their posts on social media (21%). Cyberbullying was significantly and strongly associated with social bullying (0.88). Ph.D. and master's holders reported higher practice of workplace bullying behaviors than respondents who hold a diploma or a bachelor's degree. In addition, respondents who work the day shift reported higher verbal bullying than the night shift respondents.

Practical implications

There is a need to develop effective policies and procedures that tackle the practice of workplace bullying by educating employees about the nature of workplace bullying, its effects on individual and organizational outcomes, and how to prevent its adverse consequences.

Originality/value

This is one of the first comprehensive studies in the Arab context that explores workplace bullying against physicians and nurses.
A systematic literature review for authorization and access control: definitions, strategies and models
Authors: Mohamed Aya Khaled Youssef Sayed , Auer Dagmar , Hofer Daniel , Küng Josef
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Authorization and access control have been a topic of research for several decades. However, existing definitions are inconsistent and even contradicting each other. Furthermore, there are numerous access control models and even more have recently evolved to conform with the challenging requirements of resource protection. That makes it hard to classify the models and decide for an appropriate one satisfying security needs. Therefore, this study aims to guide through the plenty of access control models in the current state of the art besides this opaque accumulation of terms meaning and how they are related.

Design/methodology/approach

This study follows the systematic literature review approach to investigate current research regarding access control models and illustrate the findings of the conducted review. To provide a detailed understanding of the topic, this study identified the need for an additional study on the terms related to the domain of authorization and access control.

Findings

The authors’ research results in this paper are the distinction between authorization and access control with respect to definition, strategies, and models in addition to the classification schema. This study provides a comprehensive overview of existing models and an analysis according to the proposed five classes of access control models.

Originality/value

Based on the authors’ definitions of authorization and access control along with their related terms, i.e. authorization strategy, model and policy as well as access control model and mechanism, this study gives an overview of authorization strategies and propose a classification of access control models providing examples for each category. In contrast to other comparative studies, this study discusses more access control models, including the conventional state-of-the-art models and novel ones. This study also summarizes each of the literature works after selecting the relevant ones focusing on the database system domain or providing a survey, a classification or evaluation criteria of access control models. Additionally, the introduced categories of models are analyzed with respect to various criteria that are partly selected from the standard access control system evaluation metrics by the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
Challenges of rural women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh to survive their family entrepreneurship: a narrative inquiry through storytelling
Authors: Rahman Md. Mizanur , Dana Leo-Paul , Moral Iqbal Hossain , Anjum Nishath , Rahaman Md. Saidur
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Family entrepreneurship benefits women because of their economic, family, and social needs. But, as rural women, it is not much easy for them to maintain their family entrepreneurship successfully. Thus, this paper aims to explore the main challenges faced by rural women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh to survive their family entrepreneurship.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is qualitative in nature, based on narrative inquiry. The purposive sampling technique was used as a part of a non-probability sampling method to collect the data from rural women entrepreneurs from three districts (Khulna, Shatkhira, and Sylhet) in Bangladesh engaged in family entrepreneurship. No new information was found after collecting the data from seven (07) respondents; thus, they were chosen as the final sample size.

Findings

The findings show that rural women entrepreneurs faced primarily social and cultural, financial, and skill-related challenges, though they face other challenges to survive their family entrepreneurship. The attitude and perception of society toward women and their roles are at the root of social and cultural barriers. Researchers also found that financial challenges have a colossal impact on rural women and the other problem.

Practical implications

Although entrepreneurial activities are essential for socio-economic development in these developing countries, this research adds to the existing information by highlighting the main challenges that rural women face when they want to be business owners and entrepreneurs.

Originality/value

Research on rural women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh is limited and new. This study can provide an overview of the challenges faced by the rural women entrepreneurs and provide them with a blueprint for the development of women entrepreneurs in developing countries.
Barriers impeding circular economy (CE) uptake in the construction industry
Authors: Osei-Tutu Safowaa , Ayarkwa Joshua , Osei-Asibey Dickson , Nani Gabriel , Afful Aba Essanowa
Published: August 2022

Purpose

This study aimed to identify barriers impeding circular economy (CE) uptake in the construction industry in literature, categorize them for the development of a framework and to seek the interrelationships among the categorized barriers. This allowed for identifying integrated solutions to holistically address the barriers. The study also sought to identify the “hot” themes, the knowledge gaps and future research directions on barriers impeding CE.

Design/methodology/approach

Forty-eight relevant articles were desk reviewed from different construction peer-reviewed journals and published conference papers. A scientometric analysis allowed for co-occurrence of keywords relating to CE. A content analysis enabled the identification of 79 barriers impeding the uptake of CE in the construction industry which were further categorized into six distinct categories for the development of a framework showing the interrelationships among the categorized barriers.

Findings

The identified barriers include construction sector inertia, lack of design standards, lack of knowledge, awareness and understanding, design cost, and perception of second-hand materials as substandard among others. The study categorized the identified barriers for better understanding into six different groups: cultural barriers, social barriers, environmental barriers, economic barriers, technical barriers and technological barriers. Strategies to address the barriers were also proposed. The interrelationships among the various barriers were also shown in a proposed framework to educate professionals on the interconnectivity of the barriers.

Practical implications

Categorization of the various barriers impeding CE uptake contributes to the body of knowledge. Also, the interrelationships among the various categorized barriers in the framework will enable construction professionals make informed decisions regarding the successful integration of CE in the industry, better appreciate the barriers that impede CE uptake and apply strategies to holistically address the barriers. This will expand current knowledge outside the narrow scope of isolated barriers.

Social implications

To the global construction industry, the review presents a list of barriers and their interrelationships that could provide implementation strategies for the uptake of CE in the industry.

Originality/value

The geographical scope of this study is not limited, and therefore encourages wide applicability of the findings to the global construction industry.
The power of forecasts to advance ecological theory
Authors: Lewis Abigail S. L. , Rollinson Christine R. , Allyn Andrew J. , Ashander Jaime , Brodie Stephanie , Brookson Cole B. , Collins Elyssa , Dietze Michael C. , Gallinat Amanda S. , Juvigny‐Khenafou Noel , Koren Gerbrand , McGlinn Daniel J. , Moustahfid Hassan , Peters Jody A. , Record Nicholas R. , Robbins Caleb J. , Tonkin Jonathan , Wardle Glenda M.
Published: August 2022

Ecological forecasting provides a powerful set of methods for predicting short‐ and long‐term change in living systems. Forecasts are now widely produced, enabling proactive management for many applied ecological problems. However, despite numerous calls for an increased emphasis on prediction in ecology, the potential for forecasting to accelerate ecological theory development remains underrealized.

Here, we provide a conceptual framework describing how ecological forecasts can energize and advance ecological theory. We emphasize the many opportunities for future progress in this area through increased forecast development, comparison and synthesis.

Our framework describes how a forecasting approach can shed new light on existing ecological theories while also allowing researchers to address novel questions. Through rigorous and repeated testing of hypotheses, forecasting can help to refine theories and understand their generality across systems. Meanwhile, synthesizing across forecasts allows for the development of novel theory about the relative predictability of ecological variables across forecast horizons and scales.

We envision a future where forecasting is integrated as part of the toolset used in fundamental ecology. By outlining the relevance of forecasting methods to ecological theory, we aim to decrease barriers to entry and broaden the community of researchers using forecasting for fundamental ecological insight.
Central sensitisation in pelvic pain: A cohort study
Authors: Ryan Amelia , Healey Martin , Cheng Claudia , Dior Uri , Reddington Charlotte
Published: August 2022

Background

Central sensitisation (CS) leads to pain amplification and impacts on the management of pelvic pain (PP). Identification of CS in patients with PP may provide additional treatment pathways and improve patient outcomes.

Aims

The aims are to quantify the prevalence of questionnaire‐predicted CS (QPCS) in patients presenting with PP and investigate associations between QPCS and clinical variables.

Materials and methods

This was an observational, cross‐sectional study. Subjects with PP completed a questionnaire comprising four validated tools: the Central Sensitisation Inventory (CSI) for QPCS, Pain Catastrophising Scale for Catastrophising Trait, Bladder Pain/Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Score for bladder pain syndrome (BPS) and the Rome IV criteria for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Results

One hundred and eleven women were enrolled in the study; 74.8% (n = 83) had a CSI score of >40, indicating the presence of QPCS. Subjects with QPCS were more likely to screen positive for catastrophising trait (odds ratio (OR) 3.57, 95% CI 1.19–10.76, P = 0.02), BPS (OR 11.77, 95% CI 2.13–64.89, P = 0.005) and IBS (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.05–6.43, P = 0.04). They were more likely to experience pain for more than two years (OR 4.98, 95% CI 1.94–12.82, P = 0.001) and other pain symptoms involving bladder (OR 9.87, 95% CI 2.52–38.67, P = 0.001), bowel (OR 3.13, 95% CI 1.31–7.48, P = 0.01), back (OR 4.17, 95% CI 1.66–10.51, P = 0.002) and vulva (OR 3.61, 95% CI 1.21–10.82, P = 0.02). They also had higher previous diagnoses of mental health disorder (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.5–8.4, P = 0.005) or IBS (OR 8.9, 95% CI 1.6–49.1, P = 0.01).

Conclusions

QPCS occurs frequently in patients with PP, and subjects with QPCS experience more prolonged and complex pain.
Urban plant diversity in Kazakhstan: Effects of habitat type, city size and macroclimate
Authors: Vakhlamova Tatyana , Wagner Viktoria , Padullés Cubino Josep , Chytrý Milan , Lososová Zdeňka
Published: August 2022

Questions

Urbanisation has accelerated the spread of alien and apophytic species around the world including the drylands of continental inland Asia. However, few studies have examined the patterns and drivers of urban plant diversity in this region. We ask how habitat type, city size and macroclimate affect species richness and composition of alien, apophytic and non‐apophytic indigenous plants in cities of the steppe and forest‐steppe zones of Kazakhstan.

Location

Ten cities in central and northeastern Kazakhstan, Middle Asia.

Methods

Using a standardized sampling protocol, we recorded spontaneously occurring vascular plant species in 1‐ha plots in seven habitat types (central square, boulevard, residential area, park, early‐successional vacant site, mid‐successional vacant site and railway station) in five large (>100,000 inhabitants) and five small (<100,000 inhabitants) cities. We used linear mixed‐effect models to quantify the effects of habitat type, city size and macroclimate on species richness and the proportion of alien, apophytic and non‐apophytic indigenous plants.

Results

Plant species richness differed significantly among habitat types, with the lowest richness in central squares, and the highest in railway stations and residential areas. Apophytic species were most numerous in railway stations and alien species in residential areas. The richness of alien, apophytic and non‐apophytic indigenous species varied more among habitats than among cities. The proportion of apophytes increased linearly with annual precipitation. The largest differences in species composition were between disturbed sites in city centres (squares, boulevards and parks) and early‐successional, mid‐successional and railway station sites. Large and small cities also differed in species composition.

Conclusions

Plant diversity in cities of northern Kazakhstan depends mainly on habitat type and less on macroclimate. Overall, cities in inland continental Asia follow patterns of urban species diversity observed in other Asian and European cities.
Examining attention given to threats to elephant conservation on social media
Authors: Hammond Niall L. , Dickman Amy , Biggs Duan
Published: August 2022

Although social media is growing rapidly as a news source, including for disseminating conservation information, studies comparing attention given to differing threats to species on social media are almost non‐existent. As the amount of attention given to differing threats can influence what people perceive to be important and impact the formation of environmental policies, it is vital that conservationists understand which issues are being discussed online. Using elephants (Loxodonta Africana,Loxodonta cyclotis, andElephas maximus) as test species, we conducted a content analysis of tweets about elephants posted to Twitter during 2019. According to the global conservation authority, the International Union for Conservation of Nature, the most pressing threats to the conservation of wild elephant populations are habitat loss, human‐elephant conflict, and poaching, with the magnitude of each threat differing between the three species of elephants. Our Twitter analysis revealed that these major threats were infrequently discussed, with habitat loss being the most infrequently discussed (<1% of all tweets). Instead, elephant welfare issues, such as tourist elephant rides, were the most frequently discussed topic (23%). Users from non‐elephant range countries were the dominant voice on Twitter (72% of tweets with an identifiable location), with these tweets likely to discuss elephant welfare concerns and trophy hunting, which is not a threat to elephant conservation. Conversely, tweets from users from African elephant range countries (14%) were more likely to discuss human‐elephant conflict, poaching, and promote elephant tourism. Similarly, users from Asian elephant range countries (13%) were likely to discuss human‐elephant conflict and elephant tourism but unlikely to tweet about poaching. Given the relatively low representation of local stakeholders and the limited coverage of key conservation threats, there is a need to ensure that social media discussions do not overly influence decision‐makers.
The dynamism fish‐plant association: Ontogenetic variations in assemblage attributes in neotropical floodplain lakes
Authors: Iquematsu Marcia Sayuri , Cunha Eduardo Ribeiro , Bialetzki Andréa
Published: August 2022

Structural habitat complexity provided by macrophytes is expected to increase richness and abundance of fish species. However, this topic is rarely investigated simultaneously at different periods of fish development. We sampled fish within macrophyte stands and in non‐vegetated areas at floodplain lakes and tested the hypothesis that the presence of macrophytes increases abundance and species richness of fish, in addition to changes in species composition, at different periods of fish development. Our findings demonstrated that, in different period of fish development, the highest values of fish species richness and abundance were found at sites colonised by macrophytes. Similarly, changes in fish species composition were observed between habitats colonised by macrophytes and non‐vegetated areas. Therefore, the results demonstrate that macrophyte presence plays an important role in regulating fish community structure at different periods of fish development.
INEQUALITY AND PANEL INCOME CHANGES: CONDITIONS FOR POSSIBILITIES AND IMPOSSIBILITIES
Authors: Duval‐Hernández Robert , Fields Gary S. , Jakubson George H.
Published: August 2022

Income changes in an economy are usually assessed through the changes over time in cross‐sectional variables such as economy‐wide inequality. An alternative is to use panel data to gauge income changes among identified income recipients. In this article, we analyze these two approaches taken together, each measured in multiple ways. We establish that under specific conditions, it is impossible to have falling inequality together with divergent panel income changes. We also provide conditions explaining when rising inequality can arise together with convergent panel changes. We provide the intuition behind these results and show when such results fail to hold.
Newton non-degenerate -constant deformations admit simultaneous embedded resolutions
Authors: Leyton-Álvarez Maximiliano , Mourtada Hussein , Spivakovsky Mark
Published: August 2022

Let $ {\mathbb {C}}^{n+1}_o$ denote the germ of $ {\mathbb {C}}^{n+1}$ at the origin. Let $V$ be a hypersurface germ in $ {\mathbb {C}}^{n+1}_o$ and $W$ a deformation of $V$ over $ {\mathbb {C}}_{o}^{m}$. Under the hypothesis that $W$ is a Newton non-degenerate deformation, in this article we prove that $W$ is a $\mu$-constant deformation if and only if $W$ admits a simultaneous embedded resolution. This result gives a lot of information about $W$, for example, the topological triviality of the family $W$ and the fact that the natural morphism $(\operatorname {W( {\mathbb {C}}_{o})}_{m})_{{\rm red}}\rightarrow {\mathbb {C}}_{o}$ is flat, where $\operatorname {W( {\mathbb {C}}_{o})}_{m}$ is the relative space of $m$-jets. On the way to the proof of our main result, we give a complete answer to a question of Arnold on the monotonicity of Newton numbers in the case of convenient Newton polyhedra.
On the Fukui–Kurdyka–Paunescu conjecture
Authors: Fernandes Alexandre , Jelonek Zbigniew , Sampaio José Edson
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we prove the Fukui–Kurdyka–Paunescu conjecture, which says that sub-analytic arc-analytic bi-Lipschitz homeomorphisms preserve the multiplicities of real analytic sets. We also prove several other results on the invariance of the multiplicity (respectively, degree) of real and complex analytic (respectively, algebraic) sets. For instance, still in the real case, we prove a global version of the Fukui–Kurdyka–Paunescu conjecture. In the complex case, one of the results that we prove is the following: if$(X,0)\subset (\mathbb {C}^{n},0)$,$(Y,0)\subset (\mathbb {C}^{m},0)$are germs of analytic sets and$h\colon (X,0)\to (Y,0)$is a semi-bi-Lipschitz homeomorphism whose graph is a complex analytic set, then the germs$(X,0)$and$(Y,0)$have the same multiplicity. One of the results that we prove in the global case is the following: if$X\subset \mathbb {C}^{n}$,$Y\subset \mathbb {C}^{m}$are algebraic sets and$\phi \colon X\to Y$is a semi-algebraic semi-bi-Lipschitz homeomorphism such that the closure of its graph in$\mathbb {P}^{n+m}(\mathbb {C})$is an orientable homological cycle, then${\rm deg}(X)={\rm deg}(Y)$.
Perfluorocubane—a tiny electron guzzler
Authors: Krafft Marie Pierre , Riess Jean G.
Published: August 2022

Perfluorination gives cubane the capacity to host an extra electron in its inner structure
Supplemental Material: Orbitally paced global oceanic deoxygenation decoupled from volcanic CO2 emission during the middle Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Event 1b (Aptian-Albian transition)
Authors: Wang Yi , al. et
Published: August 2022

Detailed methods, all data (Tables S1–S3), and the Cretaceous Tl mass-balance modeling.  
Supplemental Material: Chronostratigraphic correlation of the Upper Silurian Salina Group for the the Michigan and Appalachian Basins through coupled (δ13Ccarb) chemostratigraphy and subsurface geophysical analyses
Authors: Oborny S.C. , al. et
Published: August 2022

Plates S1-S6: Geophysical cross-sections of Upper Silurian-Lower Devonian strata in Ohio. Table S1: Isotopic data. 
Factors influencing self-care behaviours of patients with type 2 diabetes in China based on the health belief model: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hu Yue , Liu Huijun , Wu Jie , Fang Guixia
Published: August 2022

Objectives

The study aimed to explore the status and predictors of self-care behaviours in patients with type 2 diabetes in China based on the health belief model.

Design

The cross-sectional study included 1140 patients aged ≥36 years with type 2 diabetes who had established health records in community health service institutions. A questionnaire was designed based on the health belief model, which mainly included perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, effectiveness, sociodemographic characteristics and self-care behaviours.

Setting

Using a multistage sampling method, 36 villages and communities were randomly selected in China.

Participants

A total of 1260 patients with type 2 diabetes were contacted, but 118 refused to participate in the study. Of the 1142 participants, two were subsequently excluded, and the final number of participants included in the study was 1140 (90.5% response rate).

Results

The average score of health beliefs was 0.71 (SD=0.08). The logistic regression analysis showed that sex, region, perceived severity, perceived barriers and perceived benefits were related to self-care behaviours.

Conclusions

Perceived severity, benefits and barriers were key factors affecting self-care behaviours in patients with type 2 diabetes; health education for patients should be strengthened to improve the self-care level of patients with diabetes.
Factors affecting vaccination demand in Indonesia: a secondary analysis and multimethods national assessment
Authors: Jusril Hafizah , Rachmi Cut Novianti , Amin Mohammad Ruhul , Dynes Michelle , Sitohang Vensya , Untung Andi Sari Bunga , Damayanti Rita , Ariawan Iwan , Pronyk Paul M
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Vaccine hesitancy remains a major barrier to immunisation coverage worldwide. We explored influence of hesitancy on coverage and factors contributing to vaccine uptake during a national measles–rubella (MR) campaign in Indonesia.

Design

Secondary analyses of qualitative and quantitative data sets from existing cross-sectional studies conducted during and around the campaign.

Methods

Quantitative data used in this assessment included daily coverage reports generated by health workers, district risk profiles that indicate precampaign immunisation programme performance, and reports of campaign cessation due to vaccine hesitancy. We used t-test and χ2 tests for associations. The qualitative assessment employed three parallel national and regional studies. Deductive thematic analysis examined factors for acceptance among caregivers, health providers and programme managers.

Results

Coverage data were reported from 6462 health facilities across 395 districts from 1 August to 31 December 2018. The average district coverage was 73%, with wide variation between districts (2%–100%). One-third of districts fell below 70% coverage thresholds. Sixty-two of 395 (16%) districts paused the campaign due to hesitancy. Coverage among districts that never paused campaign activities due to hesitancy was significantly higher than rates for districts ever-pausing the campaign (81% vs 42%; p<0.001). Precampaign adequacy of district immunisation programmes did not explain coverage gaps (p=0.210). Qualitative analysis identified acceptance enablers including using digital health monitoring and feedback systems, increasing caregiver knowledge and awareness, making immunisation social norm, effective cross-sectoral collaboration, conducive service environment and positive experiences for mothers and children. Barriers included misinformation diffusion on social media, halal–haram issues, lack of healthcare provider knowledge, negative family influences and traditions, previous poor experiences and misinformation on adverse events.

Conclusion

Barriers to vaccine uptake contributed to coverage gaps during national MR campaign in Indonesia. A range of supply-related and demand-related strategies were identified to address hesitancy contributors. Advancing a portfolio of tailored multilevel interventions will be critical to enhance vaccine acceptance.
Developing an evidence-informed model of long-term life care at home for older adults with medical, functional and/or social care needs in Ontario, Canada: a mixed methods study protocol
Authors: Giosa Justine L , Saari Margaret , Holyoke Paul , Hirdes John P , Heckman George A
Published: August 2022

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated existing challenges within the Canadian healthcare system and reinforced the need for long-term care (LTC) reform to prioritise building an integrated continuum of services to meet the needs of older adults. Almost all Canadians want to live, age and receive care at home, yet funding for home and community-based care and support services is limited and integration with primary care and specialised geriatric services is sparse. Optimisation of existing home and community care services would equip the healthcare system to proactively meet the needs of older Canadians and enhance capacity within the hospital and residential care sectors to facilitate access and reduce wait times for those whose needs are best served in these settings. The aim of this study is to design a model of long-term ‘life care’ at home (LTlifeC model) to sustainably meet the needs of a greater number of community-dwelling older adults.

Methods and analysis

An explanatory sequential mixed methods design will be applied across three phases. In the quantitative phase, secondary data analysis will be applied to historical Ontario Home Care data to develop unique groupings of patient needs according to known predictors of residential LTC home admission, and to define unique patient vignettes using dominant care needs. In the qualitative phase, a modified eDelphi process and focus groups will engage community-based clinicians, older adults and family caregivers in the development of needs-based home care packages. The third phase involves triangulation to determine initial model feasibility.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has received ethics clearance from the University of Waterloo Research Ethics Board (ORE #42182). Results of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and local, national and international conferences. Other forms of knowledge mobilisation will include webinars, policy briefs and lay summaries to elicit support for implementation and pilot testing phases.
Global monitoring of public interest in preventive measures against COVID-19 via analysis of Google Trends: an infodemiology and infoveillance study
Authors: Ito Tomoo
Published: August 2022

Objectives

The COVID-19 pandemic has influenced people’s concerns regarding infectious diseases and their preventive measures. However, the magnitude of the impact and the difference between countries are unclear. This study aimed to assess the magnitude of the impact of COVID-19 on public interest and people’s behaviours globally in preventing infectious diseases while comparing international trends and sustainability.

Design

An infodemiology and infoveillance study.

Setting

The study employed a web-based data collection to delineate public interest regarding COVID-19 preventive measures using Google Trends.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

A relative search volume was assigned to a keyword, standardising it from 0 to 100, with 100 representing the highest share of the term searches. The search terms “coronavirus”, “wash hand”, “social distancing”, “hand sanitizer” and “mask” were investigated across 196 different countries and regions from July 2018 to October 2021 and weekly reports of the relative search volume were obtained. Persistence of interest was assessed by comparing the first 20 weeks with the last 20 weeks of the study period.

Results

Although the relative search volume of “coronavirus” increased and was sustained at a significantly higher level (p<0.05) than before the pandemic declaration, globally, the trends and sustainability of the interest in preventable measures against COVID-19 varied between countries and regions.

Conclusions

Sustained interest in preventive measures differed globally, with regional differences noted among Asia, Europe, Africa and the Americas. The global differences should be considered for implementing effective interventions against COVID-19. The increased interest in preventive behaviours against COVID-19 may be related to overall infectious disease prevention.
No-biopsy strategy for coeliac disease is applicable in adult patients: a ‘real-world’ Scottish experience
Authors: Hoyle Aoisha , Gillett Peter , Gillett Helen R , Borg Reuben , Nottley Steven , Farrow Samantha , Elgoweini Maha , Elhassan Mohamed , Fletcher Jonathan , Whannel Gemma , Gracie Edel , Morgan Sarah , Jafferbhoy Hasnain , Dunbar Laura , Reid Gordon , Metcalfe Emma L , Smith Graeme , Harris Sarah , Robertson Calum , Thomas Moira , Younger Hazel , Furrie Elizabeth
Published: August 2022

Objective

Emergency interim guidance from the British Society for Gastroenterology (BSG) states that a no-biopsy strategy is possible to diagnose coeliac disease (CD) in adults with elevated transglutaminase IgA antibody (TGA-IgA) levels. We aimed to determine if the suggested TGA-IgA ≥10× ULN is safe and robust in making the diagnosis in adult patients in Scotland. We also aimed to establish if any important co-diagnoses would be missed if no biopsy was performed.

Method

All positive coeliac serology results for patients aged >15 years in Scotland in 2016 (Grampian 2019) were accessed. Data were collected on demographics, TGA-IgA titres, D1 sampling, histology and macroscopic findings at upper and lower gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy.

Results

1037/1429 patients with positive serology proceeded to biopsy, of which 796/1037 (76.8%) were diagnosed as CD. A total of 320/322 (99.37%) patients with TGA-IgA ≥10× ULN were diagnosed as CD giving the cut-off a positive predictive value of 99.38%. No significant co-pathology was found at endoscopy in these patients.

Conclusion

Our results show that a no-biopsy strategy using a cut-off of TGA-IgA ≥10× ULN is safe to diagnose CD and that no important pathology would be missed. The European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition 2020 and BSG COVID-19 interim guidelines are applicable to adult patients in Scotland.
Non-Rational and Rational Transfinite Interpolation Using Bernstein Polynomials
Authors: Provatidis Christopher G.
Published: August 2022

It is shown that the standard transfinite interpolation in quadrilateral patches may be written in terms of two sets of Bernstein polynomials. The former set is of the same degree with the corresponding blending functions while the latter is of the same degree with the Lagrange polynomials which operate like trial functions along each of the four edges as well as the additional inter-boundaries of the patch. The replacement of the Lagrange polynomials by the Bernstein ones allows the use of control points useful for design. Also it allows the determination of weights that may ensure accurate representation of quadric surfaces including those of revolution (spheres, ellipsoids, hyperboloids, etc). The presentation restricts to the standard Gordon formulation, which refers to structured stencils, similar to rectangular plates reinforced with longitudinal and transverse stiffeners. As an example, the proposed formula is applied to the geometric representation of a cylindrical and a spherical patch. In the latter case a nonlinear programming optimization technique was applied, starting with initial data pertinent to a tensor product surface, from which original weights and control points were obtained for the accurate representation of a spherical cap. In addition, the involved shape functions were successfully applied to the numerical solution of a boundary value problem.
Multiclass Classification for Detection of COVID-19 Infection in Chest X-Rays Using CNN
Authors: Alharbi Rawan Saqer , Alsaadi Hadeel Aysan , Manimurugan S. , Anitha T. , Dejene Minilu
Published: August 2022

Coronavirus took the world by surprise and caused a lot of trouble in all the important fields in life. The complexity of dealing with coronavirus lies in the fact that it is highly infectious and is a novel virus which is hard to detect with exact precision. The typical detection method for COVID-19 infection is the RT-PCR but it is a rather expensive method which is also invasive and has a high margin of error. Radiographies are a good alternative for COVID-19 detection given the experience of the radiologist and his learning capabilities. To make an accurate detection from chest X-Rays, deep learning technologies can be involved to analyze the radiographs, learn distinctive patterns of coronavirus’ presence, find these patterns in the tested radiograph, and determine whether the sample is actually COVID-19 positive or negative. In this study, we propose a model based on deep learning technology using Convolutional Neural Networks and training it on a dataset containing a total of over 35,000 chest X-Ray images, nearly 16,000 for COVID-19 positive images, 15,000 for normal images, and 5,000 for pneumonia-positive images. The model’s performance was assessed in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, and it achieved 99% accuracy, 0.98 precision, 1.02 recall, and 99.0% F1-score, thus outperforming other deep learning models from other studies.
Multimotor Drive Control Method of Upper-Retort-Robot Based on Machine Vision
Authors: Xiao Jie , Kang Wanjie , He Guofeng , Li Xiangchen , Yan Genglong
Published: August 2022

In the cold season, wine aids in maintaining body temperature and is advised for military officers. This paper proposes a study on the multimotor drive control method of the upper-retort-robot based on machine vision for wine brewing automation to meet the demand of military areas located in cold regions, as wine is recommended to keep soldiers’ body temperatures normal in China’s extremely cold regions. Based on machine vision, the target is converted into an image signal by an image pickup device and is sent to the image processing system. Pixel distribution, brightness, color, and other data are transformed to digital signals, and target attributes are retrieved to control the field equipment’s operations. The Monte-Carlo approach is used to generate joint variables at random within each joint’s fluctuation range. The positive aspects of kinematics model are utilized and the working space of the upper-retort-robot is calculated using multimotor drive control method. The multimotor drive compensates the harmonic ripple torque and establishes the fault-tolerant automatic control of the system to maintain quality of the liquor. The results of the experiments reveal that the robot arm can reach any place within the barrel’s set range. To control the quality of the liquor, the robot will function in an automatic manner. The robot’s transmission performance is capable of meeting the requirements for automated liquor quality control during the production of wine from grapes. The results show that the suggested multimotor drive control (MMDCM) approach is robust and viable in terms of robot transmission performance and dexterity.
Exploration and Application of College Students’ Management Model during the Epidemic Based on Big Data Technology
Authors: Liang Botong
Published: August 2022

In the face of the sudden new crown pneumonia epidemic, “retroversions” across the country are facing difficulties, fighting with their lives on the front line of the fight against the epidemic, and protecting the lives and health of the people across the country with love. As an important position for epidemic prevention work, colleges and universities, in order to maintain the physical and mental health of students, use the grid management model to closely organize the student management work network, and extend the epidemic prevention and control work to the “end” of student management, so as to effectively strengthen the epidemic prevention work position in colleges and universities. In today’s era of big data, internet technology has brought great convenience to people, and people are also subtly enjoying the benefits of the era of big data in production and life. This study mainly discusses the combination of big data technology and efficient managers to deal with the management of students in the era of big data more scientifically and reasonably, and at the same time, colleges and universities do a good job in the practical significance and role of grid work mode for students under the normalization of the antiepidemic situation mode, to drive the overall development of colleges and universities and promote the improvement of college management level.
The Design of University Coordination Utility Management and Online Repair Platform Based on Multivariate Statistical Analysis with Random Matrix
Authors: Wang Xu
Published: August 2022

In this paper, the random matrix of multivariate statistical analysis is used to conduct in-depth research and analysis of the university coordination utility management and online repair platform. Considering that the chunking of variables based on mechanistic knowledge is not easy to achieve, firstly, the maximum correlation and minimum redundancy algorithm is used to portray the correlation more accurately between process variables and remove the redundancy between variables to provide the optimal variable input for the base model. The multivariate mean control chart was used to calculate the offset between the data of each test group of the contact network and the overall mean and standard values of the contact network parameters under different correlations among the contact network parameters. Based on the daily work research and process document sampling of the university coordination utilities management department, the requirement analysis and design of the target system were completed, and a university coordination utility management system based on BS architecture was developed. Student information is lost, data statistics are wrong, etc., so that the business work of other departments of the school cannot be carried out smoothly. The whole platform can be divided into several submodules according to the functions: super administrator module, administrator module, staff module, and user module, and the detailed design scheme of each module is described in detail. At the same time, the logistic regression model is trained using the collected data sets, and the training scheme of the model is designed. The mathematical model of logistic regression and the related algorithm are used to decide whether to purchase maintenance equipment at this stage and the quantity of purchase. Finally, a new monitoring index is proposed to monitor the process status. MNPE-GMM not only maintains most of the local structural information of the window dataset in the feature subspace but also reduces the computational complexity of GMM in the fault detection process. The MNPE-GMM method can effectively improve the fault detection rate of multimodal intermittent processes by introducing new statistics.