bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correction to: The mTOR-S6 kinase pathway promotes stress granule assembly
Authors: Sfakianos Aristeidis P. , Mellor Laura E. , Pang Yoke Fei , Kritsiligkou Paraskevi , Needs Hope , Abou-Hamdan Hussein , Désaubry Laurent , Poulin Gino B. , Ashe Mark P. , Whitmarsh Alan J.
Published: October 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Membrane-bound TNF mediates microtubule-targeting chemotherapeutics-induced cancer cytolysis via juxtacrine inter-cancer-cell death signaling
Authors: Zhang Jing , Yang Yu , Zhou Shen’ao , He Xueyan , Cao Xuan , Wu Chenlu , Hu Hong , Qin Jie , Wei Gang , Wang Huayi , Liu Suling , Sun Liming
Published: October 2019

Microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) are a class of most widely used chemotherapeutics and their mechanism of action has long been assumed to be mitotic arrest of rapidly dividing tumor cells. In contrast to such notion, here we show—in many cancer cell types—MTAs function by triggering membrane TNF (memTNF)-mediated cancer-cell-to-cancer-cell killing, which differs greatly from other non-MTA cell-cycle-arresting agents. The killing is through programmed cell death (PCD), either in way of necroptosis when RIP3 kinase is expressed, or of apoptosis in its absence. Mechanistically, MTAs induce memTNF transcription via the JNK-cJun signaling pathway. With respect to chemotherapy regimens, our results establish that memTNF-mediated killing is significantly augmented by IAP antagonists (Smac mimetics) in a broad spectrum of cancer types, and with their effects most prominently manifested in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models in which cell–cell contacts are highly reminiscent of human tumors. Therefore, our finding indicates that memTNF can serve as a marker for patient responsiveness, and Smac mimetics will be effective adjuvants for MTA chemotherapeutics. The present study reframes our fundamental biochemical understanding of how MTAs take advantage of the natural tight contact of tumor cells and utilize memTNF-mediated death signaling to induce the entire tumor regression.
Structural consequences of arrested foveal development in preterms with persisting signs of immaturity
Authors: Sjöstrand Johan , Popović Zoran
Published: October 2019

Purpose

To evaluate the impact of structural changes in a limited sample of adult preterms with foveal immaturity from optical coherence tomography (OCT) B-scan images and to estimate layer displacement and changes in areal and volume magnification within the inner fovea.

Subjects and methods

Layer thickness was measured in conventional and directional OCT scans from eight preterms with different degrees of foveal immaturity (24–33 weeks of gestation, 22–33 years of age) and five controls (20–33 years of age). We obtained reflectivity profiles of the outer plexiform layer (OPL) and manual segmentation data of the inner nuclear layer (INL) and the combined ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner plexiform layer (IPL) at specified eccentricities from 300 to 900 µm. Displacement of cumulative thickness curves of preterms compared with that of the controls was used to estimate retardation of layer displacement. Changes in areal magnification and layer thickness were used to construct a structural model of redistribution within the fovea of preterms.

Results

Retardation of centrifugal layer displacement of OPL and all inner retinal layers (IRL) was marked in both preterm groups with foveal immaturity, whereas retardation was marginal in the preterm group without clinical signs of immaturity. Retarded displacement within the IRL and OPL had a major impact on available space within the central fovea.

Conclusions

A marked retardation of displacement was demonstrated for all IRL within the immature fovea of preterms with decreased areal and volume magnification and reduced space available for synaptic communication coupled to the degree of immaturity.
Minute-scale persistence of a GPCR conformation state triggered by non-cognate G protein interactions primes signaling
Authors: Gupte Tejas M. , Ritt Michael , Dysthe Matthew , Malik Rabia U. , Sivaramakrishnan Sivaraj
Published: October 2019

Despite the crowded nature of the cellular milieu, ligand–GPCR–G protein interactions are traditionally viewed as spatially and temporally isolated events. In contrast, recent reports suggest the spatial and temporal coupling of receptor–effector interactions, with the potential to diversify downstream responses. In this study, we combine protein engineering of GPCR–G protein interactions with affinity sequestration and photo-manipulation of the crucial Gα C terminus, to demonstrate the temporal coupling of cognate and non-cognate G protein interactions through priming of the GPCR conformation. We find that interactions of the Gαs and Gαq C termini with the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR), targeted at the G-protein-binding site, enhance Gs activation and cyclic AMP levels. β2-AR–Gα C termini interactions alter receptor conformation, which persists for ~90 s following Gα C terminus dissociation. Non-cognate G-protein expression levels impact cognate signaling in cells. Our study demonstrates temporal allostery in GPCRs, with implications for the modulation of downstream responses through the canonical G-protein-binding interface.
Pan-cancer whole-genome analyses of metastatic solid tumours
Authors: Priestley Peter , Baber Jonathan , Lolkema Martijn P. , Steeghs Neeltje , de Bruijn Ewart , Shale Charles , Duyvesteyn Korneel , Haidari Susan , van Hoeck Arne , Onstenk Wendy , Roepman Paul , Voda Mircea , Bloemendal Haiko J. , Tjan-Heijnen Vivianne C. G. , van Herpen Carla M. L. , Labots Mariette , Witteveen Petronella O. , Smit Egbert F. , Sleijfer Stefan , Voest Emile E. , Cuppen Edwin
Published: October 2019

Metastatic cancer is a major cause of death and is associated with poor treatment efficacy. A better understanding of the characteristics of late-stage cancer is required to help adapt personalized treatments, reduce overtreatment and improve outcomes. Here we describe the largest, to our knowledge, pan-cancer study of metastatic solid tumour genomes, including whole-genome sequencing data for 2,520 pairs of tumour and normal tissue, analysed at median depths of 106× and 38×, respectively, and surveying more than 70 million somatic variants. The characteristic mutations of metastatic lesions varied widely, with mutations that reflect those of the primary tumour types, and with high rates of whole-genome duplication events (56%). Individual metastatic lesions were relatively homogeneous, with the vast majority (96%) of driver mutations being clonal and up to 80% of tumour-suppressor genes being inactivated bi-allelically by different mutational mechanisms. Although metastatic tumour genomes showed similar mutational landscape and driver genes to primary tumours, we find characteristics that could contribute to responsiveness to therapy or resistance in individual patients. We implement an approach for the review of clinically relevant associations and their potential for actionability. For 62% of patients, we identify genetic variants that may be used to stratify patients towards therapies that either have been approved or are in clinical trials. This demonstrates the importance of comprehensive genomic tumour profiling for precision medicine in cancer.
Yolk–shell structured Au@Ag@mSiO2 as a probe for sensing cysteine enantiomers and Cu2+ based on circular dichroism
Authors: Wang Jing , Xu Xu , Qiu Xiaolin , Zhang Shuaishuai , Peng Yinxian
Published: October 2019

Novel yolk–shell structured Au@Ag@mSiO2 was fabricated and used as a probe for recognition and quantification of cysteine enantiomers and Cu2+.
A fluorescent probe for butyrylcholinesterase activity in human serum based on a fluorophore with specific binding affinity for human serum albumin
Authors: Yoo Soyeon , Han Min Su
Published: October 2019

We report a novel turn-on sensing probe for the detection of butyrylcholinesterase activity in human serum using a fluorophore with high binding affinity for HSA.
Sb2S3 nanoparticles anchored on SnO2 nanofibers: a high-performance hybrid electrocatalyst toward ammonia synthesis under ambient conditions
Authors: Di Li Di Li , Chen Xingxing , Liu Yi-Tao , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin
Published: October 2019

We report on a high-performance hybrid electrocatalyst, consisting of Sb2S3 nanoparticles anchored on SnO2 nanofibers, which exhibits high ammonia yield and faradaic efficiency.
Stacked aryl groups inP-resolved cyclic phosphonamides as a new conformational constraint
Authors: Capozzi Maria Annunziata M. , Pigliacelli Claudia , Terraneo Giancarlo , Cardellicchio Cosimo
Published: October 2019

π–π stacking as a conformational constraint in theP-resolved cyclic phosphonamides.
Memory effects in single-molecule force spectroscopy measurements of biomolecular folding
Authors: Pyo Andrew G. T. , Woodside Michael T.
Published: October 2019

The force probes used in force spectroscopy measurements of folding induce memory, which can be quantified from the autocorrelation function.
Importance of a crystalline water network in docking-based virtual screening: a case study of BRD4
Authors: Zhong Haiyang , Wang Zhe , Wang Xuwen , Liu Hui , Li Dan , Liu Huanxiang , Yao Xiaojun , Hou Tingjun
Published: October 2019

As a member of the bromodomain and extra terminal domain (BET) protein family, bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) is an epigenetic reader and can recognize acetylated lysine residues in histones.
Adsorbate induced modulation of strain effects on work functions of a tungsten (100) surface
Authors: Leung Tsan-Chuen , Hu Han , Liu An Ju , Lin Ming-Chieh
Published: October 2019

The effects of strain on the work functions of tungsten surfaces covered with a monolayer of adsorbates have been studied systematically using ab initio density functional theory.
Promotional effect of in situ generated hydroxyl on olefin selectivity of Co-catalyzed Fischer–Tropsch synthesis
Authors: Qi Yanying , Aaserud Christian , Holmen Anders , Yang Jia , Chen De
Published: October 2019

OH-induced weak olefin adsorption and low olefin hydrogenation activity could rationalize the enhancement effect of water on the olefin selectivity and the particle size dependence of the water effect in FTS.
The role of metastability in enhancing water-oxidation activity
Authors: Vonrüti Nathalie , Aschauer Ulrich
Published: October 2019

Defective surfaces resulting from metastability-induced dissolution can strongly enhance the water oxidation activity of oxide catalysts.
A theoretical study of the geometries, and electronic and surface properties of sphere-like (SiB)2n (n = 6–27, 30) functional nanomaterials
Authors: Zhao Run-Ning , Lu Zi-Chen , Chen Rui , Han Ju-Guang
Published: October 2019

The geometries and electronic properties of (SiB)2n (n = 6–27, 30) clusters are systematically investigated based on the gradient corrected Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof exchange–correlation functional.
Reactive mode composition factor analysis of transition states: the case of coupled electron–proton transfers
Authors: Maldonado-Domínguez Mauricio , Bím Daniel , Fučík Radek , Čurík Roman , Srnec Martin
Published: October 2019

The kinetic energy distribution in the reactive mode in transition states correlates the asynchronicity of CPET with relative kinetic isotope effects.
Paired electrocatalytic hydrogenation and oxidation of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural for efficient production of biomass-derived monomers
Authors: Chadderdon Xiaotong H. , Chadderdon David J. , Pfennig Toni , Shanks Brent H. , Li Wenzhen
Published: October 2019

Electrocatalytic hydrogenation and oxidation of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural in one paired electrolyzer produces two biorenewable monomers with a combined electron efficiency of 187%.
Determination of copper-based mineral species by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and chemometric methods
Authors: Álvarez Jonnathan , Velásquez Marizú , Myakalwar Ashwin Kumar , Sandoval Claudio , Fuentes Rodrigo , Castillo Rosario , Sbarbaro Daniel , Yáñez Jorge
Published: October 2019

The direct identification of mineral species in raw rocks was performed using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS).
Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in the analysis of metals, chemicals and materials
Authors: Carter Simon , Clough Robert , Fisher Andy , Gibson Bridget , Russell Ben , Waack Julia
Published: October 2019

This review covers advances in the analysis of advanced materials, metals, fuels and lubricants, nanostructures, ceramics, refractories, organic and inorganic chemicals, catalysts and nuclear materials by a range of techniques including X-ray, ICP, LIBS, mass spectrometry, synchrotron-based techniques, plus non-destructive and ablation surface techniques.
Polymer-supported eosin Y as a reusable photocatalyst for visible light mediated organic transformations
Authors: Sridhar Arunasalam , Rangasamy Rajmohan , Selvaraj Mari
Published: October 2019

Rapid synthesis of highly stable polymer-supported eosin Y for visible light-driven photoxidation of thioethers to sulfoxides and phenylboronic acids to phenols.
Relevant electronic interactions related to the coordination chemistry of tetracyanometallates. An XPS study
Authors: Cano A. , Monroy I. , Ávila M. , Velasco-Arias D. , Rodríguez-Hernández J. , Reguera E.
Published: October 2019

In the K2[M(CN)4]·xH2O (M = Ni, Pd, Pt) series, the CN ligand is found to donate electron density to the K ion, which is detected as a decrease in the K 2p BE. The charge donated is proportional to that removed from the inner metal (M) via π-back bonding.
Reaction kinetic properties of 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene: a DFTB study of thermal decomposition
Authors: He Zheng-Hua , Yu Yi , Huang Yao-Yao , Chen Jun , Wu Qiang
Published: October 2019

C–NH2bond breakage and N–N bond formation are the rate-controlling steps for TATB thermal decomposition.
An insight into the outer- and inner-sphere electrochemistry of oxygenated single-walled carbon nanohorns (o-SWCNHs)
Authors: Ambolikar Arvind S. , Guin Saurav K. , Neogy Suman
Published: October 2019

The electrocatalysis/interference of single-walled carbon nanohorns (o-SWCNHs) in relation to outer-sphere and inner-sphere electron transfer reactions.
Understanding PDE4's function in Alzheimer's disease; a target for novel therapeutic approaches
Authors: Tibbo Amy J. , Tejeda Gonzalo S. , Baillie George S.
Published: October 2019

Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) have long been considered as targets for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and a substantial body of evidence suggests that one sub-family from the super-family of PDEs, namely PDE4D, has particular significance in this context. This review discusses the role of PDE4 in the orchestration of cAMP response element binding signaling in AD and outlines the benefits of targeting PDE4D specifically. We examine the limited available literature that suggests PDE4 expression does not change in AD brains together with reports that show PDE4 inhibition as an effective treatment in this age-related neurodegenerative disease. Actually, aging induces changes in PDE4 expression/activity in an isoform and brain-region specific manner that proposes a similar complexity in AD brains. Therefore, a more detailed account of AD-related alterations in cellular/tissue location and the activation status of PDE4 is required before novel therapies can be developed to target cAMP signaling in this disease.
Influence of Altered Auditory Feedback on Oral–Nasal Balance in Speakers of Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: de Boer Gillian , Marino Viviane , Berti Larissa , Fabron Eliana , Spazzapan Evelyn Alves , Bressmann Tim
Published: October 2019

Purpose

This study explored the role of auditory feedback in the regulation of oral–nasal balance in speakers of Brazilian Portuguese.

Method

Twenty typical speakers of Brazilian Portuguese (10 male, 10 female) wore a Nasometer headset and headphones while continuously repeating stimuli with oral and nasal sounds. Oral–nasal balance was quantified with nasalance scores. The signals from 2 additional oral and nasal microphones were played back to the participants through the headphones. The relative loudness of the nasal channel in the mix was gradually changed, so that the speakers heard themselves as more or less nasal.

Results

A repeated-measures analysis of variance of the mean nasalance scores of the stimuli at baseline, minimum, and maximum nasal feedback conditions demonstrated significant effects of nasal feedback condition (
p
< .0001) and stimuli (
p
< .0001). Post hoc analyses demonstrated that the mean nasalance scores were lowest for the maximum nasal feedback condition. The scores of the minimum nasal feedback condition were significantly higher than 2 of 3 baseline feedback conditions. The speaking amplitude of the participants did not change between the nasal feedback conditions.

Conclusions

Increased nasal signal level feedback led to a compensatory adjustment in the opposite direction, confirming that oral–nasal balance is regulated by auditory feedback. However, reduced nasal signal level feedback resulted in a compensatory response that was lower in magnitude. This suggests that, even in Brazilian Portuguese, a language with phonetic and phonological vowel nasalization, decreased nasality was not perceived as critically as increased nasality by the speakers.
Massive and old quiescent galaxies at high redshift
Authors: Girelli Giacomo , Bolzonella Micol , Cimatti Andrea
Published: October 2019

Aims. Questions of how massive quiescent galaxies rapidly assembled and how abundant they are at high redshift are increasingly important in the study of galaxy formation. Looking at these systems can shed light on the processes of galaxy mass assembly and quenching of the star formation at early epochs. In order to address these questions, we aim to identify and characterize massive quiescent galaxies from z ∼ 2.5 out to the highest redshifts at which these systems can be found. The final purpose is to compare the results with the predictions of state-of-the-art semi-analytical models of galaxy formation and evolution.

Methods. We defined observer-frame color–color diagrams to optimally select quiescent galaxies at z >  2.5 and applied them to the COSMOS2015 catalog. We refined the spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting analysis for the selected candidates to confirm their quiescent nature, then derived their number density, mass density, and stellar mass functions. Finally, we compared the results with previous observations and some current semi-analytic models.

Results. We selected candidates for quiescent galaxies in the redshift range 2.5 ≲ z ≲ 4.5 from the COSMOS2015 catalog by means of two color–color diagrams. The additional SED fitting analysis allowed us to select 128 galaxies, consistent with being massive (log(M*/M⊙)≥10.6), old (ages ≳0.5 Gyr), and quiescent (log(sSFR [yr−1]) ≤ −10.5) objects at high redshift (2.5 <  z <  4.5). Their number and mass densities are in fair agreement with previous observations and, if confirmed, show a discrepancy with current semi-analytical models of galaxy formation and evolution, that underpredict the number of massive quiescent systems up to a factor of ∼12 at 2.5 ≤ z <  3.0 and ∼10 at z ∼ 4.0. The evolution of the stellar mass functions (SMFs) of these systems is similar to previous estimates and indicates a disagreement with models, particularly with regard to the shape of the SMF.

Conclusions. The present results add further evidence to the possibility that massive and quiescent galaxies can exist out to at least z ∼ 4. If future spectroscopic observations carried out with, for example, the James Webb Space Telecope (JWST), confirm the substantial presence of such a population, further work on modeling the stellar mass assembly, as well as supermassive black hole accretion and feedback processes at early cosmic epochs, is needed to understand how these systems formed, evolved, and quenched their star formation.
Lyman continuum escape fraction and mean free path of hydrogen ionizing photons for brightz∼ 4 QSOs from SDSS DR14
Authors: Romano M. , Grazian A. , Giallongo E. , Cristiani S. , Fontanot F. , Boutsia K. , Fiore F. , Menci N.
Published: October 2019

Context.One of the main challenges in observational cosmology is related to the redshift evolution of the average hydrogen (HI) ionization in the Universe, as evidenced by the changing in ionization level of the intergalactic medium (IGM) through cosmic time. Starting from the first cosmic reionization, the rapid evolution of the IGM physical properties in particular poses severe constraints for the identification of the sources responsible for maintaining its high level of ionization up to lower redshifts.

Aims.In order to probe the ionization level of the IGM and the ionization capabilities of bright quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) atz = 4, we selected a sample of 2508 QSOs drawn from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS, DR14) in the redshift interval 3.6 ≤ z ≤ 4.6 and absolute magnitude range −29.0 ≲ M1450 ≲ −26.0. Particularly, we focus on the estimate of the escape fraction of HI-ionizing photons and their mean free path (MFP), which are fundamental for characterizing the surrounding IGM.

Methods.Starting from UV/optical rest-frame spectra of the whole QSO sample from the SDSS survey, we estimated the escape fraction and free path individually for each of the QSOs. We calculated the Lyman continuum (LyC) escape fraction as the flux ratio blueward (∼900 Å rest frame) and redward (∼930 Å rest frame) of the Lyman limit. We then obtained the probability distribution function (PDF) of the individual free paths of the QSOs in the sample and studied its evolution in luminosity and redshift, comparing our results with those in literature.

Results.We find a lower limit to the mean LyC escape fraction of 0.49, in agreement with the values obtained for both brighter and fainter sources at the same redshift. We show that the free paths of ionizing photons are characterized by a skewed distribution function that peaks at low values, with an average of ∼49 − 59 proper Mpc atz ∼ 4, after possible associated absorbers (AAs) were excluded. This value is higher than the one obtained at the same redshift by many authors in the literature using different techniques. Moreover, the PDF of free path gives information that is complementary to the MFP derived through the stacking technique. Finally, we also find that the redshift evolution of this parameter might be milder than previously thought.

Conclusions.Our new determination of the MFP atz ∼ 4 implies that previous estimates of the HI photoionization rate ΓHIavailable in the literature should be corrected by a factor of 1.2−1.7. These results have important implications when they are extrapolated at the epoch of reionization.
Reconstructing solar magnetic fields from historical observations
Authors: Virtanen I. O. I. , Virtanen I. I. , Pevtsov A. A. , Mursula K.
Published: October 2019

Context. The axial dipole moments of emerging active regions control the evolution of the axial dipole moment of the whole photospheric magnetic field and the strength of polar fields. Hale’s and Joy’s laws of polarity and tilt orientation affect the sign of the axial dipole moment of an active region. If both laws are valid (or both violated), the sign of the axial moment is normal. However, for some active regions, only one of the two laws is violated, and the signs of these axial dipole moments are the opposite of normal. Those opposite-sign active regions can have a significant effect, for example, on the development of polar fields.

Aims. Our aim is to determine the axial dipole moments of active regions identified from magnetographic observations and study how the axial dipole moments of normal and opposite signs are distributed in time and latitude in solar cycles 21−24.

Methods. We identified active regions in the synoptic maps of the photospheric magnetic field measured at the National Solar Observatory (NSO) Kitt Peak (KP) observatory, the Synoptic Optical Long term Investigations of the Sun (SOLIS) vector spectromagnetograph (VSM), and the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) aboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), and determined their axial dipole moments.

Results. We find that, typically, some 30% of active regions have opposite-sign axial moments in every cycle, often making more than 20% of the total axial dipole moment. Most opposite-signed moments are small, but occasional large moments, which can affect the evolution of polar fields on their own, are observed. Active regions with such a large opposite-sign moment may include only a moderate amount of total magnetic flux. We find that in cycles 21−23 the northern hemisphere activates first and shows emergence of magnetic flux over a wider latitude range, while the southern hemisphere activates later, and emergence is concentrated to lower latitudes. Cycle 24 differs from cycles 21−23 in many ways. Cycle 24 is the only cycle where the northern butterfly wing includes more active regions than the southern wing, and where axial dipole moment of normal sign emerges on average later than opposite-signed axial dipole moment. The total axial dipole moment and even the average axial moment of active regions is smaller in cycle 24 than in previous cycles.
Evaluation of breeding potential of wild grape originating from Armenia
Authors: Margaryan K. , Maul E. , Muradyan Z. , Hovhannisyan A. , Melyan G. , Aroutiounian R.
Published: October 2019

Crop wild relatives provide a useful source of genetic variation and represent a large pool of genetic diversity for new allelic variation required in breeding programs. Armenia is an important center of origin both for cultivatedVitis viniferassp. sativaand wildVitis viniferassp.sylvestris.Owing to recent prospection in Armenian woods and river floodplains many forms of wild grapevine were discovered and inventoried, which is an important prerequisite to unlock their breeding potential in the future. The fact that some genotypes ofV. sylvestriscan withstand the diseases is likely to be due to a more efficient basal immunity. The overall goal of the proposed research was to characterize the diversity ofV. sylvestrisfrom Armenia with respect to its capacity for stilbene biosynthesis, which might be exploited as genetic resource for resistance breeding. The realized research stimulates the recovery, characterization and preservation of wild grape germplasm, presently at risk of extinction. The recovery and characterization of wild genotypes will be the base of selection of genetic traits important in breeding programs for the generation of biotic and changing climate tolerant grapevine varieties and rootstocks, both necessary for the future of viticulture in Armenia and in Europe.
Selection of plant species for permanent ground cover in vineyards: Looking for an agronomic and environmental optimum
Authors: Delabays N. , Grogg A.F. , Mota M. , Piantini U.
Published: October 2019

The installation of a permanent ground cover in vineyards offers numerous agronomic (soil protection, soil fertility) and environmental (reduced leaching of nutrients and of plant protection products, reduced use of herbicides, biodiversity) benefits. Nevertheless, such ground covers are not always free of drawbacks (competition for water and nitrogen, increased risk of frost, management). For the growers, the challenge is to manage the green ground covers in such a way as to preserve their advantages while limiting these drawbacks. Among the tools available to the winegrower is the sowing of a seed mixture composed of selected species: a choice depending of the soil and climatic conditions of the parcel, but also of the different, and sometime contradictory, objectives of the grower. This paper lists the agronomic and environmental issues addressed by the installation of a permanent ground cover in vineyards. It describes two concrete situations – ground cover for vineyards integrated in agro-ecological networks and green cover on the row of vines (as alternative to glyphosate) – for which, according to the objectives and the impacts, a choice of plant species is proposed. At last, it presents the trials now carried out to validate and optimize those selections, as well as the first observations and results gathered to date.
Study of less widespread and rare Georgian wine grape varieties
Authors: Mamasakhlisashvili L. , Ujmajuridze L.
Published: October 2019

The genetic biodiversity of the Georgian genome of vine is a resource that creates Georgian viticulture – winemaking basis. According to its species diversity Solomon Cholokashvili Jigaura National International Category Collection GEO 038 of Mtskheta Municiality is really very interesting. On the background of the climate global changes it is necessary to complexly re-study the less widespread and rare grape varieties – according to fenological, chemical and enocarpological characteristics, and others, to spread them on their wide range – for the purpose of diversity of entrepreneurial varieties. In addition, information received as a result of the research will be used in variety breeding, as the original material for the parent couple's target selection. The study of the species for research was performed in field and laboratory conditions by complex using of different research methods.
Study of the viticultural technical itineraries carbon footprint at fine scale
Authors: Adoir E. , Penavayre S. , Petitjean T. , De Rességuier L.
Published: October 2019

Viticulture faces two challenges regarding climate change: adapting and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Are these two challenges compatible? This is one of the questions to which Adviclim project (Life project, 2014–2019) provided tools and answers. The assessment of greenhouse gas emissions was implemented at the scale of the plot using a life cycle approach: calculating the carbon footprint. This approach makes it possible to take into account the emissions generated during each stage of the life cycle of a product or a service: in this case, the cultivation of one hectare of vine for one year. Carbon footprint was assessed for the 5 pilot sites of the Adviclim project: Saint-Emilion (France), Coteaux du Layon/Samur (France), Geisenheim (Germany), Cotnari (Romania) and Plompton (United Kingdom). An important work for primary data collection regarding observed practices was carried out with a sample of reresentative farms for these 5 sites, and for one to three vintages depending on the site. Beyond the question asked in the project, the calculation of these carbon footprints made it possible to (i) make winegrowers aware of the life cycle approach and the share of direct emissions generated by viticulture, (ii) acquire new references on the technical itineraries and their associated emissions, (iii) improve the adaptation of the methodology for calculating the carbon footprint to viticulture.
L'Analyse du Cycle de Vie pour réduire l'impact environnemental de la viticulture biologique
Authors: Renaud-Gentié C. , Dieu V. , Thiollet-Scholtus M. , van der Werf H.M.G. , Perrin A. , Mérot A.
Published: October 2019

Contexte : La viticulture est très exigeante en intrants. La viticulture biologique est souvent considérée comme un système durable, mais elle a des impacts environnementaux. L'analyse du cycle de vie (ACV) permet de discriminer les itinéraires viticoles. Objectif : Notre article présente et discute l'intérêt de l'ACV pour évaluer, comparer et améliorer les itinéraires viticoles biologiques par une comparaison (i) des inventaires des pratiques, (ii) des inventaires du cycle de vie (ICV) et (iii) des ACV. Matériel et méthodes : Huit cas ont été étudiés dans trois régions viticoles françaises et deux années. L'ICV et l'ACV ont été calculés, cinq impacts ont été sélectionnés par corrélations (changement climatique, eutrophisation de l'eau douce, écotoxicité terrestre, acidification terrestre, eutrophisation marine). Résultats et discussion : des différences importantes entre les cas pour les pratiques et les quantités d'intrants ont été observées et l'étude des impacts sur le changement climatique a révélé la hiérarchie d'importance des opérations notamment mécaniques et un classement différent pour des impacts au kg de raisin et à l'ha de vigne. Les défis de l'ACV sont de mieux prendre en compte le soufre et le cuivre ; enrichir les bases de données sur les engrais organiques ; et construire des indicateurs de biodiversité. Conclusion : L'ACV est meilleure que les inventaires des pratiques pour évaluer la viticulture biologique. Mots-clés : évaluation environnementale, viticulture durable, conduite de la vigne, cuivre, carburant, fertilisation.
Composizione in antociani e flavonoli di vini prodotti nel territorio svizzero
Authors: Marchi D. , Lanati D. , Mazza G. , Cascio P.
Published: October 2019

In questa nota sono presentati i risultati delle determinazioni del profilo degli antociani e dei flavonoli di vini prodotti con uve di alcune varietà a frutto colorato prodotte a Nord della Svizzera, nel cantone di Schaffhausen , nella regione di Klettgau. I vini sono stati ottenuti da uve delle varietà diVitis viniferaCabernet Dorsa, Gamaret, Dornfelder, Acolon e di un incrocio interspecifico Sylvaner × Müller Thurgau × Chambourcin (Regent). Il profilo degli antociani dei vini delle varietà diVitis viniferastudiate è risultato a netta prevalenza di molecole trisostituite all'anello laterale (soprattutto malvidina-3-glucoside e suoi derivati acilati). Il vino Regent si è rivelato ricco di antociani 3,5-diglucosidi (soprattutto della malvidina) che hanno superato in proporzione i monoglucosidi. Di rilevante interesse è risultato il profilo dei flavonoli per la presenza nei vini, appena dopo la fine della fermentazione alcolica, di quercetina aglicone, di solito assente nell'uva. I vini Acolon e Regent sono risultati i più ricchi di quercetina aglicone. L'origine della quercetina aglicone nei vini esaminati in questo lavoro è stata attribuita all'idrolisi che le forme glicosilate di questo flavonolo hanno subito, probabilmente per via enzimatica, già durante la macerazione fermentativa.
Astringency estimation of wines maturing in different types of containers
Authors: Basalekou M. , Pappas C. , Tarantilis P. , Kyraleou M. , Cotea V. , Kallithraka S.
Published: October 2019

Astringency is a parameter of great importance for wine quality. During wine maturation in wooden barrels it can be enhanced by tannins extracted by the wood. However, their concentration is not directly correlated with astringency. Mean Degree of Polymerization (mDP) is often employed to characterize the structural characteristics of tannins in wines, providing also information on their proanthocyanidin content. The prodelphinidin content (%P), as well as the percentage of epigallocatechin (EGC) in extension and terminal units, have been negatively linked with astringency. Since the intensity of astringency is a decisive factor for the quality of a barrel-aged wine in this experiment, the structural characteristics of wine proanthocyanidins were determined in four different Greek wines, two white (Vilana and Dafni) and two red (Kotsifali and Mandilari). All wines matured for nine months in different types of containers (stainless steel tanks and barrels made of different woods). The prodelphinidin (terminal or extension) content was determined by means of phloroglucinolysis, followed by HPLC-UV-MS analysis, while astringency was assessed by a panel of trained tasters. Multivariate analysis showed that only white wines that matured in Acacia barrels contained high %P values independently of the variety used and were characterized as less astringent by the panel. Moreover, the determination of %extension and terminal EGC units revealed that the tannins of the wines maturing in Acacia barrels, contain higher amounts of EGC as terminal units. These findings could be used by winemakers in order to select the appropriate type of barrel according to the type of wine.

Keywords: Astringency, proanthocyanidin, tannin, barrel
Comment les méthodes sensorielles innovantes peuvent-elles contribuer au déploiement de variétés résistantes en France ?
Authors: Chatelet B. , Otheguy M. , Honoré-Chedozeau C.
Published: October 2019

Ces dernières années, des nouvelles variétés visant à répondre aux enjeux environnementaux et sociétaux ont été créées dans différents pays européens. Certaines de ces variétés résistantes au mildiou et/ou à l'oïdium ont récemment été classées en France mais leur caractérisation sensorielle reste méconnue des vignerons. Pour les guider dans leurs choix de plantation, trois études ont été conduites afin de définir soit 1) la proximité sensorielle des vins de variétés résistantes par rapport aux vins de cépages emblématiques connus, et/ou 2) l'impact sensoriel d'un assemblage avec les cépages traditionnels. Deux méthodes sensorielles innovantes ont été utilisées: le positionnement sensoriel polarisé (PSP) et le tri libre. Le PSP a permis de déterminer si les vins issus de variétés résistantes se rapprochaient des caractéristiques sensorielles des vins de cépages français de référence dans deux études. Le tri libre a permis d'évaluer l'impact de différents niveaux d'assemblage de vins de variétés résistantes sur la perception de différents vins de cépage dans une troisième étude. Cette communication montre à la fois, l'intérêt d'appliquer ces deux méthodes sensorielles innovantes aux vins et des informations sensorielles conduisant à une meilleure appropriation de ces différentes variétés à travers les vignobles et leurs contextes régionaux.
Approaches to limit S-off-flavors during white wine fermentation with specific emphasis on yeast nitrogen nutrition
Authors: Wegmann-Herr P. , Ullrich S. , Durner D.
Published: October 2019

Low molecular weight volatile sulfur compounds are associated with the “reductive” off flavor of wines. The formation of 15 sulfide off-flavor compounds has been monitored with a novel HS-SPME GC-PFPD method and SIDA quantification during white wine fermentation. Since it is known that glutathione (GSH) might buffer nitrogen stress of the yeast but can also lead to an increase of S-off-flavors, the effect of GSH addition was investigated. Fermentations were carried out in triplicate with Riesling musts showing low NOPA concentrations whereby we evaluated the effect of diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAHP), pantothenic acid, inactive dry yeast based nutrient (IDY) and must oxidation. It could be shown that only the addition of 0.6 g/L IDY increased fermentation speed and completed fermentations. The addition of IDY as well as GSH lead to a significant increase in H2S formation. Total yeast cells were increased by must oxidation thus leading to faster fermentation whereby no significant difference in S-off-flavors could be observed. The addition of GSH did not affect yeast viability but increased significantly the negative effect of IDY addition regardless the S-off-flavor investigated. In all fermentations the use of DAHP reduced significantly S-off-flavor formation and could completely prevent both S-Methyl thioacetate and S-Ethyl thioacetate development. Under nitrogen deficient conditions, GSH can be used in white wine making when combined with DAHP.
Die neue EU-Spirituosenverordnung und ihr neues Schutzsystem für geografische Angaben im Spirituosensektor und somit auch für Spirituosen weinbaulichen Ursprungs (z.B. Cognac)
Authors: Albrecht W.
Published: October 2019

Die neue Spirituosen-Verordnung (EU) 2019/787 regelt auch künftig produktspezifisch den Schutz von eingetragenen geografischen Angaben für Spirituosen mit Ursprung in der EU und in Drittstaaten (sog. Geoschutz), bringt jedoch eine Reihe von Änderungen mit sich, die weitgehend dem horizontalen Geoschutzsystem für sonstige Agrarprodukte und Lebensmittel, das in der Verordnung (EU) Nr. 1151/2012 verankert, entlehnt sind. So werden nicht nur die Begriffe „Produktspezifikation“ und „Einziges Dokument“ übernommen, sondern auch das zweistufige Eintragungsverfahren sowie die Vorschrift, dass nur noch private Schutzvereinigungen das Recht haben, Anträge auf Eintragung von g.A. zu stellen. Geografische Angaben sind bereits seit 1. Januar 1996 im WTO-Übereinkommen über handelsbezogene Aspekte des geistigen Eigentums (TRIPS) geschützt und sind seit 2015 durch die Genfer Akte auch in der Lissabonner Verbandsübereinkunft, die von der WIPO verwaltet wird, neben den geschützten und kontrollierten Ursprungsbezeichnungen als qualifizierte Herkunftsbezeichnungen international anerkannt.
Table grapes as functional food: Consumer preferences for health and environmental attributes
Authors: Seccia A. , Viscecchia R. , Nardone G.
Published: October 2019

Consumers' interest towards food with healthy and sustainable characteristics is growing and companies try to address such trend through the supply of products with characteristics for which consumers show willingness to pay a premium price. Table grapes could be considered a product with functional characteristics since offer a wealth of health benefits due to their high nutrient and antioxidant contents. Moreover, its production and distribution are increasingly affected by sustainability concerns. On the basis of these considerations, the objective of this paper is to evaluate the consumer preferences for health and environmental attributes of table grapes. For this purpose, a nationwide survey was conducted in Italy using the Computer Assisted Web Interviewing (CAWI) method and the Best- Worst Scaling Method (BWS) for data analysis. The survey is divided into sections which consider, besides the socio-demographic characteristics of respondents, questions about their preferences related to specific attributes of table grapes (variety, color, seedless, organic or conventional production, origin) and to nutritional and sustainable characteristics reported on the label. Results could be of interest for companies which can focus their marketing strategies on specific characteristics of the product, and for policy makers who are asked to take decisions for public health.
Le paradoxe du risque relatif
Authors: Bucella F.
Published: October 2019

Le paradoxe du risque relatif s'exprime de manière simple. Il consiste à cacher le risque réel, soit le risque absolu, en se concentrant sur l'augmentation ou la diminution du risque, soit le risque relatif. Il y a deux versions du paradoxe. La première postule que l'augmentation du risque peut être importante, mais le risque lui-même reste très faible. Si le risque de base est de 1 sur 10 millions (0.00001 %), une augmentation de 100 % sera perçue comme très grande, alors que le risque n'est que de 2 sur 10 millions (0.00002 %). Il s'agit de la version molle du paradoxe du risque relatif, la plus pernicieuse. La deuxième version du paradoxe du risque relatif, la version dure, est la suivante. En se concentrant sur l'augmentation (ou la diminution) du risque, on fait comme si le comportement de base n'avait aucun risque (ou était certain). Si vous dites que les personnes qui consomment un verre de vin par jour augmentent le risque de développer certaines pathologies de 0.5 %, vous pourriez croire que les personnes qui ne consomment aucun verre de vin sont protégées. Inversement, si vous dites que consommer des fruits et du vin rouge diminue la probabilité d'apparition de la dysfonction érectile de 19 %, vous pourriez croire que les personnes qui ne suivent pas ce régime sont certaines d'être atteintes de la pathologie. Dans un monde idéal, il faudrait exprimer les risques de manière absolue et non relative afin de donner une meilleure perception de la réalité. Cela éviterait les écueils des versions molles et dures du paradoxe du risque relatif.
Photonique sur silicium : des réseaux à fibres au traitement optique de données
Authors: Kopp Christophe , Bernabe Stéphane , Achouche Mohand , Le Beux Sébastien
Published: October 2019

La technologie photonique intégrée sur silicium s’est développée depuis les années 2000 avec comme objectif principal de répondre au besoin croissant du réseau internet en composants d’émission et de réception à très haut débit sur fibre optique. Aujourd’hui, plusieurs fonderies proposent des plateformes matures et des produits sont commercialisés. Une nouvelle génération technologique est développée afin d’élargir les domaines d’application de la transmission au traitement optique de données.
Déplacement de la diane et de ses plantes hôtes lors du projet de renforcement des digues du Rhône
Authors: Fadda S. , Blanchard B. , Bernacchi A.
Published: October 2019

L’opération de génie écologique présentée dans cet article s’est inscrite dans le cadre des travaux de renforcement de 13 km de digue en rive droite du Rhône entre Beaucaire et Fourques (département du Gard, France), portés par le Syndicat mixte interrégional d’aménagement des digues du delta du Rhône et de la mer (Symadrem). Lors des inventaires écologiques préalables aux travaux, destinés à établir l’étude d’impacts réglementaire, la diane, espèce de papillon protégée, et sa plante hôte, l’aristoloche à feuilles rondes, ont été détectées sur des secteurs voués à la destruction. Afin de l’éviter, une mesure de réduction expérimentale a été proposée. Le principe était de transférer les principaux sites de pontes de la diane vers une parcelle sans enjeu écologique et présentant des conditions stationnelles favorables à la reprise de la plante hôte et à la réoccupation en reproduction du papillon. Après avis favorable du Conseil national de la protection de la nature (CNPN), la mesure a pu être réalisée. Ainsi, les habitats, avec la végétation associée, ont été déplacés par transfert de plaques de sol. Les chenilles de diane ont également été transloquées manuellement et remises sur la parcelle déplacée. Deux ans après la mise en place de la mesure, plus de 60 % des effectifs initiaux d’aristoloche ont pu être retrouvés. La diane est également présente avec une reproduction avérée comme l’attestait la présence de plus d’une centaine de chenilles. Le succès de l’opération de translocation par plaques de sol donne ainsi une perspective très intéressante et offre une mesure assez simple et peu coûteuse à mettre en place à proposer lors d’étude d’impacts.