bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uterine artery Doppler indices throughout gestation in women with and without previous Cesarean deliveries: a prospective longitudinal case–control study
Authors: Yapan Piengbulan , Tachawatcharapunya Suphaphon , Surasereewong Supitchaya , Thongkloung Piyatida , Pooliam Julaporn , Poon Liona C. , Wataganara Tuangsit
Published: December 2022

To determine whether a history of previous Cesarean delivery (CD) impacts uterine artery (UtA) Doppler indices throughout pregnancy. Women with and without CD (NCD) were prospectively enrolled for sequential assessments of the UtA mean/median pulsatility index (UtA-PI), resistance index (UtA-RI), and systolic/diastolic ratio (UtA-S/D) at 11–13 + 6, 14–19 + 6, 30–34 + 6, and 35–37 + 6 weeks’ gestation. Data from 269/269, 246/257, 237/254, and 219/242 CD/NCD participants from each gestational period were available for analysis. Multiples of the median (MoMs) of UtA Doppler indices showed biphasic temporal (Δ) pattern; with an initial dropping until the second trimester, then a subsequent elevation until late in pregnancy (p < 0.05). The measurements and Δs of the UtA indices between CD and NCD were not different (p > 0.05). Mixed-effects modelling ruled out effects from nulliparity (n = 0 and 167 for CD and NCD, respectively) (p > 0.05). History of CD neither influenced the measurements nor the temporal changes of the UtA Doppler indices throughout pregnancy. The biphasic Δs of UtA Doppler indices added to the longitudinal data pool, and may aid in future development of a more personalized prediction using sequential/contingent methodologies, which may reduce the false results from the current cross-sectional screening.
Machine-learning-based ground sink susceptibility evaluation using underground pipeline data in Korean urban area
Authors: Park Jun Hwan , Kang Junggoo , Kang Jaemo , Mun Duhwan
Published: December 2022

Ground subsidence caused by natural factors, including groundwater, has been extensively researched. However, there have been few studies on ground sink caused mainly by artifacts, including underground pipelines in urban areas. This paper proposes a method of predicting ground sink susceptibility caused by underground pipelines. Underground pipeline data, drilling data, and 77 points of ground sink occurrence were collected for five 1 × 1 km urban areas. Furthermore, three ground sink conditioning factors (GSCFs) (pipe deterioration, diameter, and length) were identified by correlation analysis. Pipe deterioration showed the highest correlation with ground sink occurrence, followed by pipe length and pipe diameter in that order. Next, four machine learning methods [multinomial logistic regression (MLR), decision tree (DT) classifier, random forest (RF) classifier, and gradient boosting (GB) classifier] were applied. The results show that GB classifier had the highest accuracy of 0.7432, whereas the accuracy of RF classifier was 0.7407; thus, GB classifier was not significantly more accurate. RF classifier showed the highest reliability (0.84, 0.70, 0.87) according to the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC–ROC) curve. Ground sink susceptibility maps (GSSMs) of the five regions in an urban area were created using RF classifier, which performed the best overall.
Functional connectivity and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations changes in people with complete subacute and chronic spinal cord injury
Authors: Vallesi Vanessa , Richter Johannes K. , Hunkeler Nadine , Abramovic Mihael , Hashagen Claus , Christiaanse Ernst , Shetty Ganesh , Verma Rajeev K. , Berger Markus , Frotzler Angela , Eisenlohr Heidrun , Eriks-Hoogland Inge , Scheel-Sailer Anke , Michels Lars , Wyss Patrik O.
Published: December 2022

After spinal cord injury (SCI), reorganization processes and changes in brain connectivity occur. Besides the sensorimotor cortex, the subcortical areas are strongly involved in motion and executive control. This exploratory study focusses on the cerebellum and vermis. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed. Between-group differences were computed using analysis of covariance and post-hoc tests for the seed-based connectivity measure with vermis and cerebellum as regions of interest. Twenty participants with complete SCI (five subacute SCI, 15 with chronic SCI) and 14 healthy controls (HC) were included. Functional connectivity (FC) was lower in all subjects with SCI compared with HC in vermis IX, right superior frontal gyrus (pFDR = 0.008) and right lateral occipital cortex (pFDR = 0.036). In addition, functional connectivity was lower in participants with chronic SCI compared with subacute SCI in bilateral cerebellar crus I, left precentral- and middle frontal gyrus (pFDR = 0.001). Furthermore, higher amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) was found in the left thalamus in individuals with subacute SCI (pFDR = 0.002). Reduced FC in SCI indicates adaptation with associated deficit in sensory and motor function. The increased ALFF in subacute SCI might reflect reorganization processes in the subacute phase.
Psychiatric symptoms and emotional impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Italian adolescents during the third lockdown: a cross-sectional cohort study
Authors: Mensi Martina Maria , Iacopelli Marta , Orlandi Marika , Capone Luca , Rogantini Chiara , Vecchio Arianna , Casini Erica , Borgatti Renato
Published: December 2022

A previous study showed that about 80% of Italian adolescents reported isolated symptoms of acute or post-traumatic stress during the first lockdown in Italy. We proposed a new questionnaire to investigate the presence of symptoms related to anxiety, panic, depression, eating disorders, sleep disorders, social withdrawal, stress disorders, psychotic symptoms, anti-conservative thoughts, and self-harming acts aggravated by COVID-19 restrictions and possible differences between males and females. 500 adolescents (12–18 years) completed an online survey created using validated scales. 41% of the respondents felt more stress than during the first lockdown. 1.85% showed suprathreshold symptoms for post-traumatic stress disorder and 21% showed isolated symptoms of acute or post-traumatic stress due to the pandemic. In addition, we found psychotic symptoms (16%), panic (25% suprathreshold), anxiety (46.8% suprathreshold), depression (18.7% suprathreshold), eating-related symptoms (51%), sleep difficulties (57%), a tendency to social withdrawal after the pandemic (15%), suicidal ideation (30%), and self-harming behavior (9%). Furthermore, girls showed a more severe level of distress. The results show a high prevalence of symptoms because of the COVID-19 pandemic and confirm the need for easy access to support and treatment service to help contain the bio-psycho-social risk factors prompted by the current pandemic and promptly and effectively manage the consequences.
Comprehensive sequence and expression profile analysis of the phosphate transporter gene family in soybean
Authors: Wei Xiaoshuang , Fu Yu , Yu Renjie , Wu Lei , Wu Zhihai , Tian Ping , Li Siyuan , Yang Xue , Yang Meiying
Published: December 2022

The family of phosphate transporters (PHTs) mediates the uptake and translocation of Pi inside the plants. However, little is known about transporters in soybean. Therefore, Searched the Genome Database for Soybean, 57 GmPHTs family members were identified in soybean, Phylogenetic analysis suggested that members of the PHTs gene family can be divided into six clades. Collinearity analysis revealed that most of the GmPHT genes shared syntenic relationships with PHTs members in Arabidopsis thaliana and that large segment duplication played a major driving force for GmPHTs evolution in addition to tandem duplication. Further analysis of the promoter revealed that light-responsive elements and abiotic stress-responsive elements were widely distributed within the promoter regions of GmPHT genes. Based on RNA-seq data, GmPHTs showed different expression patterns in roots and leaves of soybean treated with long-term low phosphorus and short-term low phosphorus, in addition, the expression levels of GmPHT genes can be regulated by drought stresses, it was implied that the induced expression of GmPHTs could promote phosphorus uptake and transport in soybean and thus adapt to low phosphorus and drought stress, which is the first step dissection of Pi transport system and probably refers to new roles of PHTs genes in soybean.
Fiber-based 3D nano-printed holography with individually phase-engineered remote points
Authors: Plidschun Malte , Zeisberger Matthias , Kim Jisoo , Wieduwilt Torsten , Schmidt Markus A.
Published: December 2022

The generation of tailored light fields with spatially controlled intensity and phase distribution is essential in many areas of science and application, while creating such patterns remotely has recently defined a key challenge. Here, we present a fiber-compatible concept for the remote generation of complex multi-foci three-dimensional intensity patterns with adjusted relative phases between individual foci. By extending the well-known Huygens principle, we demonstrate, in simulations and experiments, that our interference-based approach enables controlling of both intensity and phase of individual focal points in an array of spots distributed in all three spatial directions. Holograms were implemented using 3D nano-printing on planar substrates and optical fibers, showing excellent agreement between design and implemented structures. In addition to planar substrates, holograms were also generated on modified single-mode fibers, creating intensity distributions consisting of about 200 individual foci distributed over multiple image planes. The presented scheme yields an innovative pathway for phase-controlled 3D digital holography over remote distances, yielding an enormous potential application in fields such as quantum technology, life sciences, bioanalytics and telecommunications. Overall, all fields requiring precise excitation of higher-order optical resonances, including nanophotonics, fiber optics and waveguide technology, will benefit from the concept.
Acetylcholine deficit causes dysfunctional inhibitory control in an aging-dependent manner
Authors: Sabandal Paul Rafael , Saldes Erick Benjamin , Han Kyung-An
Published: December 2022

Inhibitory control is a key executive function that limits unnecessary thoughts and actions, enabling an organism to appropriately execute goal-driven behaviors. The efficiency of this inhibitory capacity declines with normal aging or in neurodegenerative dementias similar to memory or other cognitive functions. Acetylcholine signaling is crucial for executive function and also diminishes with aging. Acetylcholine’s contribution to the aging- or dementia-related decline in inhibitory control, however, remains elusive. We addressed this in Drosophila using a Go/No-Go task that measures inhibition capacity. Here, we report that inhibition capacity declines with aging in wild-type flies, which is mitigated by lessening acetylcholine breakdown and augmented by reducing acetylcholine biosynthesis. We identified the mushroom body (MB) γ neurons as a chief neural site for acetylcholine’s contribution to the aging-associated inhibitory control deficit. In addition, we found that the MB output neurons MBON-γ2α’1 having dendrites at the MB γ2 and α’1 lobes and axons projecting to the superior medial protocerebrum and the crepine is critical for sustained movement suppression per se. This study reveals, for the first time, the central role of acetylcholine in the aging-associated loss of inhibitory control and provides a framework for further mechanistic studies.
PHEVIR: an artificial intelligence algorithm that predicts the molecular role of pathogens in complex human diseases
Authors: Zhou Hongyi , Astore Courtney , Skolnick Jeffrey
Published: December 2022

Infectious diseases are known to cause a wide variety of post-infection complications. However, it’s been challenging to identify which diseases are most associated with a given pathogen infection. Using the recently developed LeMeDISCO approach that predicts comorbid diseases associated with a given set of putative mode of action (MOA) proteins and pathogen-human protein interactomes, we developed PHEVIR, an algorithm which predicts the corresponding human disease comorbidities of 312 viruses and 57 bacteria. These predictions provide an understanding of the molecular bases of complications and means of identifying appropriate drug targets to treat them. As an illustration of its power, PHEVIR is applied to identify putative driver pathogens and corresponding human MOA proteins for Type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and inflammatory bowel disease. Additionally, we explore the origins of the oncogenicity/oncolyticity of certain pathogens and the relationship between heart disease and influenza. The full PHEVIR database is available at https://sites.gatech.edu/cssb/phevir/.
Agent-based model using GPS analysis for infection spread and inhibition mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 in Tokyo
Authors: Murakami Taishu , Sakuragi Shunsuke , Deguchi Hiroshi , Nakata Masaru
Published: December 2022

Analyzing the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic outbreak based on actual data while reflecting the characteristics of the real city provides beneficial information for taking reasonable infection control measures in the future. We demonstrate agent-based modeling for Tokyo based on GPS information and official national statistics and perform a spatiotemporal analysis of the infection situation in Tokyo. As a result of the simulation during the first wave of SARS-CoV-2 in Tokyo using real GPS data, the infection occurred in the service industry, such as restaurants, in the city center, and then the infected people brought back the virus to the residential area; the infection spread in each area in Tokyo. This phenomenon clarifies that the spread of infection can be curbed by suppressing going out or strengthening infection prevention measures in service facilities. It was shown that pandemic measures in Tokyo could be achieved not only by strong control, such as the lockdown of cities, but also by thorough infection prevention measures in service facilities, which explains the curb phenomena in real Tokyo.
Human attachment site preferences of ticks parasitizing in New York
Authors: Hart Charles , Schad Laura A. , Bhaskar Jahnavi Reddy , Reynolds Erin S. , Morley Christopher P. , Thangamani Saravanan
Published: December 2022

Ticks transmit several arthropod-borne pathogens in New York State. The primary human-biting ticks in this region are Ixodes scapularis, Amblyomma americanum, and Dermacentor variabilis. Body regions where tick bites human vary depending on the tick species and life stage, and clothing worn by the host. A community tick submission system was used to acquire information about bite-site location prior to pathogen testing to understand species and life stage-specific body-segment preferences. These data resulted in the identification of species-specific preferences for location, with D. variabilis preferentially biting the head and neck and A. americanum preferring the thighs, groin, and abdomen. Ixodes scapularis was found across the body, although it showed a significant life stage difference with adults preferring the head, midsection, and groin, while nymphs/larvae preferred the extremities. Infection with Borrelia burgdorferi resulted in a significant change in attachment site. This provides an assessment of which body region ticks of the most common species in New York are likely to be found.
Urinalysis of individuals with renal hyperfiltration using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy
Authors: Kurultak İlhan , Sarigul Neslihan , Kodal Nil Su , Korkmaz Filiz
Published: December 2022

Abnormal increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR), otherwise known as renal hyperfiltration (RHf), is associated with an increased risk of chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular mortality. Although it is not considered as a disease alone in medicine today, early detection of RHf is essential to reducing risk in a timely manner. However, detecting RHf is a challenge since it does not have a practical biochemical marker that can be followed or quantified. In this study, we tested the ability of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy to distinguish 17 individuals with RHf (hyperfiltraters; RHf (+)), from 20 who have normal GFR (normofiltraters; RHf(−)), using urine samples. Spectra collected from hyperfiltraters were significantly different from the control group at positions 1621, 1390, 1346, 933 and 783/cm. Intensity changes at these positions could be followed directly from the absorbance spectra without the need for pre-processing. They were tentatively attributed to urea, citrate, creatinine, phosphate groups, and uric acid, respectively. Using principal component analysis (PCA), major peaks of the second derivative forms for the classification of two groups were determined. Peaks at 1540, 1492, 1390, 1200, 1000 and 840/cm were significantly different between the two groups. Statistical analysis showed that the spectra of normofiltraters are similar; however, those of hyperfiltraters show diversity at multiple positions that can be observed both from the absorbance spectra and the second derivative profiles. This observation implies that RHf can simultaneously affect the excretion of many substances, and that a spectroscopic analysis of urine can be used as a rapid and non-invasive pre-screening tool.
MFG-E8 has guiding significance for the prognosis and treatment of sepsis
Authors: Wu Wei , Wang Jing , Chen Jingdi , Lu Jiaming , Lao Yaojia , Huang Kai , Lin Jun
Published: December 2022

Sepsis remains a significant clinical challenge. Ferroptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Ferroptosis is associated with oxidative stress, and excessive oxidative stress is suppressed by milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8) under various conditions. However, the role of MFG-E8 in sepsis-induced ferroptosis and oxidative stress is still unclear. First, we collected blood samples from patients with sepsis and detected the expression of serum MFG-E8. Then, the relationship between serum concentrations of MFG-E8 and disease severity was detected. Finally, the effects of MFG-E8 treatment on ferroptosis and oxidative stress in the livers of septic mice were determined. The expression of serum MFG-E8 in healthy subjects was notably higher than that in septic patients. In addition, when nonsurvivors and survivors of sepsis were compared, MFG-E8 levels were considerably lower in the former. The ROC curve for MFG-E8 was also generated. The area under the curve for MFG-E8 was 0.768 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.627–0.909, p = 0.003). The patients were separated into two groups based on the MFG-E8 cut-off value of 3.86 ng/mL. According to the Kaplan‒Meier survival analysis, patients with low MFG-E8 levels had a significantly decreased 28-day survival rate compared with patients with high MFG-E8 levels. High MFG-E8 levels were substantially related to a decreased risk of death, as demonstrated by the Cox proportional hazard model that we utilized. In addition, compared with sham mice, septic mice exhibited liver and kidney damage, and MFG-E8 may have protective effects. The survival study indicated that MFG-E8 could effectively improve the survival rate of septic mice. Treatment with MFG-E8 suppresses oxidative stress and ferroptosis in the livers of septic mice. Serum MFG-E8 levels are lower in septic patients and are negatively related to disease severity. Treatment with MFG-E8 suppresses oxidative stress and ferroptosis in the livers of septic mice, contributing to significantly improved survival in septic mice. These findings showed that MFG-E8 could be a new sepsis predictive biomarker. MFG-E8 may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of sepsis.
Diminished muscle integrity in patients with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva assessed with at-home electrical impedance myography
Authors: Farid Alexander , Golden Emma , Robicheau Sara , Hu Alice , Cheung Kin , Yu Paul B. , Rutkove Seward B. , Upadhyay Jaymin
Published: December 2022

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an ultra-rare disorder involving skeletal dysplasia and heterotopic ossification (HO) of muscle and connective tissue. We aimed to define a novel biomarker in FOP that enables reliable assessment of musculoskeletal tissue integrity. Considering logistical difficulties that FOP patients often face, our goal was to identify an at-home biomarker technique. Electrical impedance myography (EIM) is a non-invasive, portable method that can inform on muscle health. 15 FOP patients (age 10–52) and 13 healthy controls were assessed. Using EIM, multiple muscle groups were characterized per participant in a 45-min period. The Cumulative Analogue Joint Involvement Scale (CAJIS) was implemented to determine mobility burden severity. We additionally evaluated physical activity levels via a Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-based questionnaire. Relative to controls, FOP patients demonstrated significantly lower regional and whole-body phase values at 50 kHz and 100 kHz, indicating more diseased muscle tissue. Lower whole-body phase and reactance values, and higher resistance values, were associated with greater FOP burden (CAJIS score range: 4–30) and lower physical activity levels at 50 kHz and 100 kHz. This study points to the potential utility of EIM as a clinical biomarker tool capable of characterizing muscle integrity in FOP.
Developing current procedural terminology codes that describe the work performed by machines
Authors: Frank Richard A. , Jarrin Robert , Pritzker Jordan , Abramoff Michael D. , Repka Michael X. , Baird Pat D. , Marlene Grenon S. , Mahoney Megan Ruth , Mattison John E. , Silva Ezequiel
Published: December 2022

The “Taxonomy of Artificial Intelligence for Medical Services and Procedures” became part of the Current Procedural Terminology (CPT®) code set effective January 1, 2022. It provides a framework for discrete and differentiable CPT codes which; are consistent with the features of the devices’ output, characterize interaction between the device and the physician or other qualified health care professional, and foster appropriate payment. Descriptors include “Assistive”, “Augmentative”, and “Autonomous”. As software increasingly augments the provision of medical services the taxonomy will foster consistent language in coding enabling patient, provider, and payer access to the benefits of innovation.
Climate, currents and species traits contribute to early stages of marine species redistribution
Authors: García Molinos Jorge , Hunt Heather L. , Green Madeline E. , Champion Curtis , Hartog Jason R. , Pecl Gretta T.
Published: December 2022

Anthropogenic climate change is causing a rapid redistribution of life on Earth, particularly in the ocean, with profound implications for humans. Yet warming-driven range shifts are known to be influenced by a variety of factors whose combined effects are still little understood. Here, we use scientist-verified out-of-range observations from a national citizen-science initiative to assess the combined effect of long-term warming, climate extremes (i.e., heatwaves and cold spells), ocean currents, and species traits on early stages of marine range extensions in two warming ‘hotspot’ regions of southern Australia. We find effects of warming to be contingent upon complex interactions with the strength of ocean currents and their mutual directional agreement, as well as species traits. Our study represents the most comprehensive account to date of factors driving early stages of marine species redistributions, providing important evidence for the assessment of the vulnerability of marine species distributions to climate change.
Volumetric imaging of fast cellular dynamics with deep learning enhanced bioluminescence microscopy
Authors: Morales-Curiel Luis Felipe , Gonzalez Adriana Carolina , Castro-Olvera Gustavo , Lin Li-Chun , El-Quessny Malak , Porta-de-la-Riva Montserrat , Severino Jacqueline , Morera Laura Battle , Venturini Valeria , Ruprecht Verena , Ramallo Diego , Loza-Alvarez Pablo , Krieg Michael
Published: December 2022

Bioluminescence microscopy is an appealing alternative to fluorescence microscopy, because it does not depend on external illumination, and consequently does neither produce spurious background autofluorescence, nor perturb intrinsically photosensitive processes in living cells and animals. The low photon emission of known luciferases, however, demands long exposure times that are prohibitive for imaging fast biological dynamics. To increase the versatility of bioluminescence microscopy, we present an improved low-light microscope in combination with deep learning methods to image extremely photon-starved samples enabling subsecond exposures for timelapse and volumetric imaging. We apply our method to image subcellular dynamics in mouse embryonic stem cells, epithelial morphology during zebrafish development, and DAF-16 FoxO transcription factor shuttling from the cytoplasm to the nucleus under external stress. Finally, we concatenate neural networks for denoising and light-field deconvolution to resolve intracellular calcium dynamics in three dimensions of freely movingCaenorhabditis elegans.
Diverse reactivity of the gem-difluorovinyl iodonium salt for direct incorporation of the difluoroethylene group into N- and O-nucleophiles
Authors: Ge Chenxin , Wang Bin , Jiang Yunchen , Chen Chao
Published: December 2022

The synthesis of gem-difluoroethylene compounds remains a difficult task in organic synthesis. Here, the direct difluoroethylation reactions of N- and O-nucleophiles including amides and acids were realized with a hypervalent iodine reagent: gem-difluorovinyl iodonium salt (DFVI). The reactions were accomplished via a neighbouring group rearrangement. The gem-difluorovinyl iodonium salt was found to display diverse reactivity due to its unique electronic effect and was applied to the incorporation of difluoroethylene group, including difluorovinylation of carboxylic acids, difluorovinylation and 1,3-cyclic fluorovinylation of amides and 1,1-cyclic difluoroethylation of amines.
Electrochemical synthesis of heterodehydro[7]helicenes
Authors: Khalid Md. Imrul , Salem Mohamed S. H. , Sako Makoto , Kondo Masaru , Sasai Hiroaki , Takizawa Shinobu
Published: December 2022

Dehydrohelicenes are some of the most attractive chiroptical materials with unique helical chirality. However, to our knowledge, there are no prior reports on their direct construction by asymmetric methods. In this work, sequential synthesis of aza-oxa-dehydro[7]helicenes via the electrochemical oxidative hetero-coupling of 3-hydoxycarbazoles and 2-naphthols followed by dehydrative cyclization and intramolecular C–C bond formation has been realized. In addition, an efficient enantioselective synthesis through chiral vanadium-catalyzed hetero-coupling and electrochemical oxidative transformations afforded heterodehydro[7]helicene without any racemization. The obtained dehydro[7]helicenes showed intense blue-colored circularly polarized luminescence (|glum| ≈ 2.5 × 10−3 at 433 nm). Thermodynamic and kinetic studies of the racemization barrier of heterodehydro[7]helicenes indicated significant chiral stability with ΔG‡> 140 kJ mol−1.
A trait-based conceptual framework to examine urban biodiversity, socio-ecological filters, and ecosystem services linkages
Authors: Grilo Filipa , McPhearson Timon , Santos-Reis Margarida , Branquinho Cristina
Published: December 2022

Maximizing the functional performance of urban green infrastructure is important to deliver critical ecosystem services that support human well-being. However, urban ecosystems are impacted by social and ecological filters that affect biodiversity, shaping how species’ traits are functionally expressed, thus affecting ecosystem services supply. Our Social–Ecological Traits Framework addresses the impacts of socio-ecological systems on the phenotypic expression of traits and ecosystem services delivery. This functional approach to examining the supply of ecosystem services can improve the incorporation of biodiversity knowledge in urban planning decisions for maximizing the effectiveness of ecosystem services as nature-based solutions under multiple types of social and environmental change.
Bioplastic design using multitask deep neural networks
Authors: Kuenneth Christopher , Lalonde Jessica , Marrone Babetta L. , Iverson Carl N. , Ramprasad Rampi , Pilania Ghanshyam
Published: December 2022

Non-degradable plastic waste jeopardizes our environment, yet our modern lifestyle and current technologies are impossible to sustain without plastics. Bio-synthesized and biodegradable alternatives such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have the potential to replace large portions of the world’s plastic supply with cradle-to-cradle materials, but their chemical complexity and diversity limit traditional resource-intensive experimentation. Here, we develop multitask deep neural network property predictors using available experimental data for a diverse set of nearly 23,000 homo- and copolymer chemistries. Using the predictors, we identify 14 PHA-based bioplastics from a search space of almost 1.4 million candidates which could serve as potential replacements for seven petroleum-based commodity plastics that account for 75% of the world’s yearly plastic production. We also discuss possible synthesis routes for the identified promising materials.
Experimental observation of metal–organic framework–polymer interaction forces and intercalation
Authors: Palomba Joseph M. , Saygin Verda , Brown Keith A.
Published: December 2022

Attaching a MOF crystallite to an atomic force microscope probe results in a system for rapid and quantitative study of interactions between single-crystal MOFs and polymer films. Evidence of polymer intercalation into MOF pores is found.
Aerosol-assisted synthesis of titania-based spherical and fibrous materials with a rational design of mesopores using PS-b-PEO
Authors: Zhang Yuxiao , Wakabayashi Ryutaro , Kimura Tatsuo
Published: December 2022

A rational synthesis of TiO2 based mesoporous materials for the design of their morphology and mesoporous structure by utilizing the flexibility and controllability of PS-b-PEO micelles.
Advances in the device design and printing technology for eco-friendly organic photovoltaics
Authors: Li Haojie , Liu Siqi , Wu Xueting , Yao Shengyi , Hu Xiaotian , Chen Yiwang
Published: December 2022

This perspective systematically discusses strategies of optimization of active layer films in the preparation of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices by green printing.
Regiodivergent metal-catalyzed B(4)- and C(1)-selenylation of o-carboranes
Authors: Lee Kyungsup , Harper Jordan L. , Kim Tae Hyeon , Chan Noh Hee , Kim Dongwook , Ha-Yeon Cheong Paul , Lee Phil Ho
Published: December 2022

Regiodivergent transition metal-catalyzed B(4)- and C(1)-selenylation reactions of o-carboranes have been demonstrated.
Angularly fused diaza-dinaphthopyrenes: regio-selective synthesis, crystal structures and isomer-dependent mechanochromic fluorescent properties
Authors: Kou Yan , Li Guangwu , Han Yi , Li Mengwei , Wang Tingting , Qu Zhiyu , Chen Yulan
Published: December 2022

A one-pot synthesis of the first angularly fused diaza-dinaphthopyrene isomers with central and axial symmetry is reported. They showed isomer-specific crystal structures, tunable optical and redox properties, and turn-on mechanochromic fluorescence.
The thiol-sulfoxonium ylide photo-click reaction for bioconjugation
Authors: Wan Chuan , Hou Zhanfeng , Yang Dongyan , Zhou Ziyuan , Xu Hongkun , Wang Yuena , Dai Chuan , Liang Mingchan , Meng Jun , Chen Jiean , Yin Feng , Wang Rui , Li Zigang
Published: December 2022

Thiol-sulfoxonium ylide photo-click chemistry: an ultrafast and highly cysteine-specific method for protein functionalization and proteome profiling.
Transient HCO/HCOO− species formation during Fischer–Tropsch over an Fe–Co spinel using low Ribblet ratio syngas: a combined operando IR and kinetic study
Authors: Bahri Shashank , Pathak Shailesh , Upadhyayula Sreedevi
Published: December 2022

The comprehensive kinetics of simultaneous CO consumption in a Fischer–Tropsch and water–gas shift reaction network was systematically investigated over a supported FeCo2O4 spinel catalyst.
A novel highly stable two-dimensional boron phase with promising potentials in energy fields
Authors: Zhang Yibo , Yang Mingyang , Zhou Ming , Feng Shijia , Li Wenming , Lin Jiacong
Published: December 2022

A highly stable new monoelemental 2D boron structure inspired by MXenes is discovered and is promising for various energy applications such as high-capacity anodes.
P3-type layered K0.6Cr0.6Ti0.4O2 for potassium storage applications
Authors: Pandey Alok K. , Campéon Benoît D.L. , Konuma Itsuki , Yabuuchi Naoaki
Published: December 2022

P3-type K0.6Cr0.6Ti0.4O2 is synthesized via a solid-state method and is tested as a positive electrode for potassium-ion batteries.
Wavelength‐stabilized ns‐pulsed 2.2 kW diode laser bar with multiple active regions and tunnel junctions
Authors: Ammouri Nor , Christopher Heike , Fricke Jörg , Ginolas Arnim , Liero Armin , Maaßdorf Andre , Wenzel Hans , Knigge Andrea
Published: December 2022

The improvement of the performance of a distributed Bragg reflector laser bar emitting near 905 nm through the use of multiple epitaxially stacked active regions and tunnel junctions is reported. The bar consisting of 48 emitters (each having an aperture of 50 µm) emits an optical power of 2.2 kW in 8 ns long pulses at an injection current of 1.1 kA. This corresponds to an almost threefold increase of the pulse power compared to a bar with lasers having only a single active region. Due to the integrated surface Bragg grating, the bar exhibits a narrow spectral bandwidth of about 0.3 nm and a thermal tuning of only 68 pm/K.
Non‐stationary financial time series forecasting based on meta‐learning
Authors: Hong Anqi , Gao Minghan , Gao Qiang , Peng Xiao‐Hong
Published: December 2022

In this letter, the authors address the challenge in forecasting non‐stationary financial time series by proposing a meta‐learning based forecasting model equipped with a convolution neural network (CNN) predictor and a long short‐term memory (LSTM) meta‐learner. The model is applied to a set of short subseries which are the result of dividing a long non‐stationary financial time series. As a result, a promising performance can be achieved by the proposed model in terms of making more accurate prediction than the traditional CNN predictor and auto regressive (AR)‐based forecasting models in non‐stationary conditions.
Validity and feasibility of remote measurement systems for functional movement and posture assessments in people with axial spondylarthritis
Authors: Hannink Erin , Mansoubi Maedeh , Cronin Neil , Wilkins Benjamin , Najafi Ali A. , Waller Benjamin , Dawes Helen
Published: December 2022

Introduction: This study aimed to estimate the criterion validity of functional movement and posture measurement using remote technology systems in people with and without Axial spondylarthritis (axSpA).

Methods: Validity and agreement of the remote‐technology measurement of functional movement and posture were tested cross‐sectionally and compared to a standard clinical measurement by a physiotherapist. The feasibility of remote implementation was tested in a home environment. There were two cohorts of participants: people with axSpA and people without longstanding back pain. In addition, a cost‐consequence analysis was performed.

Results: Sixty‐two participants (31 with axSPA, 53% female, age = 45(SD14), BMI = 26.6(SD4.6) completed the study. In the axSpA group, cervical rotation, lumbar flexion, lumbar side flexion, shoulder flexion, hip abduction, tragus‐to‐wall and thoracic kyphosis showed a significant moderate to strong correlation; in the non‐back pain group, the same measures showed significant correlation ranging from weak to strong.

Conclusions: Although not valid for clinical use in its current form, the remote technologies demonstrated moderate to strong correlation and agreement in most functional and postural tests measured in people with AxSA. Testing the CV‐aided system in a home environment suggests it is a safe and feasible method. Yet, validity testing in this environment still needs to be performed.
Space‐time adaptive processing algorithm based on hyper beamforming for ionospheric clutter suppression in small‐array high‐frequency surface wave radar
Authors: Li Jiaming , Yang Qiang , Zhang Xin
Published: December 2022

Small‐array high‐frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR) is widely used to monitor maritime targets as it can be used to save on‐land resources. In small‐array HFSWR systems, the main lobe of the receiving angle spectrum is significantly broadened. In complex clutter backgrounds, an extremely wide beam severely influences clutter suppression performance; consequently, targets with a low signal‐to‐clutter ratio (SCR) may be eliminated, or the angle may be barely estimated. This study proposes a space‐time adaptive processing (STAP) algorithm based on hyper beamforming (HBF) to improve the clutter suppression performance of small‐array HFSWR. In addition, HBF can obtain more independent identical distributed training samples than the conventional beamforming; thus, the STAP algorithm can extract the clutter information with high accuracy in the covariance matrix estimation. Moreover, this study combines an efficient STAP algorithm with a joint domain localised (JDL) algorithm to improve clutter suppression. Based on the experimental results, the proposed HBF‐JDL algorithm performs satisfactorily and significantly improves the SCR. Moreover, HBF‐JDL is still applicable at lower SCRs of the target compared with JDL.
Solar energetic electron events measured by MESSENGER and Solar Orbiter
Authors: Rodríguez-García L. , Gómez-Herrero R. , Dresing N. , Lario D. , Zouganelis I. , Balmaceda L. A. , Kouloumvakos A. , Fedeli A. , Espinosa Lara F. , Cernuda I. , Ho G. C. , Wimmer-Schweingruber R. F. , Rodríguez-Pacheco J.
Published: December 2022

Context.We present a list of 61 solar energetic electron (SEE) events measured by the MESSENGER mission and the radial dependences of some parameters associated with these SEE events. The analysis covers the period from 2010 to 2015, when the heliocentric distance of MESSENGER varied between 0.31 and 0.47 au. We also show the radial dependences for a shorter list of 12 SEE events measured in February and March 2022 by spacecraft near 1 au and by Solar Orbiter at about its first close perihelion at 0.32 au.

Aims.We study the radial dependences of the electron peak intensity and the energy spectrum of the electron intensity at the time of the SEE event peak intensity, taking advantage of multi-spacecraft measurements.

Methods.We compiled the list of SEE events measured by MESSENGER and Solar Orbiter using hourly averages to find the prompt component of the near-relativistic (∼70–110 keV) electron peak intensities and to calculate the peak-intensity energy spectra. We also obtained the peak intensities and energy spectra for the same events as measured by the STEREO-A, -B, ACE, or Wind spacecraft when one of these spacecraft was in close nominal magnetic connection with MESSENGER or Solar Orbiter to derive the radial dependences of these SEE parameters.

Results.(1) Because the background intensity level of the particle instrument on board MESSENGER is high, the SEE events measured by this mission are necessarily large and intense; most of them are accompanied by a shock driven by a coronal mass ejection and are widely spread in heliolongitude. The SEE events display relativistic (∼1 MeV) electron intensity enhancements. For this SEE sample, we found that (2) the SEE peak intensity shows a radial dependence that can be expressed asRα, where the median value of theαindex isαMed= −3.3±1.4 for a subsample of 28 events for which the nominal magnetic footpoints of the near 0.3 au and 1 au spacecraft were close in heliographic longitude. (3) The mean spectral indexδof a subset of 42 events for which the energy spectrum could be analysed is ⟨δ⟩= − 1.9 ± 0.3, which is harder than the value found in previous studies using data from spacecraft near 1 au. SEE events observed by Solar Orbiter also display harder energy spectra than previous studies using data obtained near 1 au.

Conclusions.There is a wide variability in the radial dependence of the electron peak intensities, but on average and within uncertainties, the ∝R−3dependence found in previous observational and modelling studies is confirmed. The electron spectral index found in the energy range around ∼200 keV (δ200) of the backward-scattered population near 0.3 au measured by MESSENGER is harder by a median factor of ∼20% and ∼10% when comparing to the near 1 au anti-sunward propagating beam and the backward-scattered population, respectively.
Changes in Health-related Parameters Associated with Sports Performance Enhancement Drugs
Authors: Wiacek Magdalena , Trąbka Bartosza , Tomasiuk Ryszard , Zubrzycki Igor Z
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in health-related parameters caused by the administration of anabolic-androgenic steroids and “fat-burning drugs” during a 6-month competition preparation period. The physiological, biochemical, and anthropometric parameters studied included serum cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, bilirubin, body mass, and percentage of total body fat. Changes in the parameters studied were analyzed at monthly intervals during six months of preparation for competition. The study revealed a continuous increase in body mass, accompanied by a decrease in body fat percentage to the physiologically essential level. Total cholesterol levels remined in the desirable concentration range. The mean levels of triglycerides fluctuated between borderline high and high. Mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels remained within the low range, while low-density lipoprotein cholesterol fluctuated between near-optimal / above-optimal, borderline high, and high levels. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase remained within the high concentration. The bilirubin concentration remained in the desirable range. The blood nitrogen urea concentration fluctuated between normal and elevated levels. Sports-enhancing drugs analyzed in this study do not have an immediate detrimental impact on the selected biochemical, physiological, and anthropometric parameters that define health.
Choriocapillary Flow Correlation with Axial Length in High Myopia – An Angiography Study with Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Széll Noémi , Orosz Zsuzsanna Z. , Facskó Andrea , Sohajda Zoltán
Published: December 2022

Purpose To investigate parameters of retinal and choroidal microcirculation quantitatively with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in high myopic children, and to
explore potential correlations with age, axial length (AL), spherical equivalent (SE), and central retinal thickness (CRT).

Methods En face angiograms were generated with an OCTA device and evaluated with automated density and flow analyzer algorithms. Perfusion parameters were correlated with age, AL,
SE, and CRT using Spearmanʼs rank correlation analysis. Repeatability and reproducibility of perfusion parameter measurements were calculated in a high myopic cohort.

Results Repeatability and reproducibility of OCTA measurements were good, ranging from 3.6 – 6.5%. Strong positive correlation was identified between age and CRT (rho = 0.673,
p = 0.00) as well as between AL and SE (rho = 0.844, p = 0.00). There was a strong negative correlation between AL and choriocapillary flow density (CCFD) (rho = − 0.612, p = 0.00), and a
moderate negative correlation between age and superficial parafoveal retinal vessel density (SPRVD) as well as CCFD (rho = − 0.497, p = 0.013 and rho = − 0.483, p = 0.023, respectively).

Conclusion OCTA appears to be a reliable tool for the quantitative investigation of retinal and choroidal microcirculation in a high myopic pediatric cohort. CCFD reduction was
associated with increasing AL in this cohort.
Exposure and Response Prevention: Evaluation of Tic Severity Over Time for Children and Adolescents with Tourette Syndrome and Chronic Tic Disorders
Authors: Soerensen Camilla Birgitte , Lange Theis , Jensen Sidsel Normann , Grejsen Judy , Aaslet Lone , Skov Liselotte , Debes Nanette Mol
Published: December 2022

Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders are characterized by the presence of tics. Different behavioral therapies have shown to be efficacious for treating tics in children and adolescents, but Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) is a less researched method. However, ERP is a method often used in the clinical setting. Therefore, the present study evaluated the severity of tics over time from beginning of ERP to follow-up approximately 1 year after last training session.

In total, 116 patients treated with ERP face to face or ERP via web-based videoconferencing were included. The primary outcome measure was tic severity measured with the Danish version of the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale.

The results showed that tic severity decreased during ERP and lasted in the follow-up period, with a statistically higher decrease in the group with patients who completed ERP as planned and the group that stopped earlier than planned because of reduction in tics, compared with those who dropped out due to lack of motivation (p < 0.001).

The study concludes that ERP seems to have an immediate and a long-term effect on severity of tics, especially in those who complete the program or those who discontinue earlier due to good results.
Characterization of Neuropsychological Outcomes in a Cohort of Pediatric Patients with Moyamoya Arteriopathy
Authors: Gatti John R. , Peterson Rachel K. , Cannon Alicia , Yedavalli Vivek , Malone Laura A. , Sun Lisa R.
Published: December 2022

Introduction Moyamoya arteriopathy is a severe, progressive cerebral arteriopathy that places affected children at high risk for stroke. Moyamoya has been associated with a range of neuropsychological deficits in adults, but data on many cognitive domains remain limited in the pediatric population and little is known about the neuropsychological profile of children with syndromic moyamoya.

Methods This is a single-center, retrospective cohort study of children with moyamoya arteriopathy followed at our center who underwent neuropsychological testing between 2003 and 2021. Test scores were extracted from neuropsychological reports. Medical records were reviewed with attention to individual neuropsychological test results, medical comorbidities, presence of infarct(s) on neuroimaging, and history of clinical ischemic stroke.

Results Of the 83 children with moyamoya followed at our center between 2003 and 2021, 13 had completed neuropsychological testing across multiple cognitive domains. Compared to age-based normative data, children in this sample had lower scores in overall intelligence (p = 0.003), global executive functioning (p = 0.005), and overall adaptive functioning (p = 0.015). There was no significant difference in overall intelligence between children with (n = 6) versus without (n = 7) a history of clinical stroke (p = 0.368), though children with any radiographic infarct scored lower in this domain (p = 0.032).

Conclusion In our cohort, children with moyamoya demonstrated impaired intelligence and executive functioning, even in the absence of clinical stroke. Neuropsychological evaluation should be considered standard of care for all children with moyamoya, even those without a history of clinical stroke.