bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of solvent cage structure on ionic aggregate structure, and structural morphology in polyether-ester-sulfonate copolymer ionomers
Authors: Liu Jianchuan , Zhang Yaoyi , Luo Yijie , Liu Shuang
Published: February 2025

All-atom molecular dynamics simulations are carried out to understand the solvation cage structure, ionic aggregate structure, and structural morphology of polyether-ester [poly(ethylene oxide), PEO, and poly(tetramethylene oxide), PTMO] sulfonate sodium copolymer ionomers. The pure PEO-Na ionomer shows weak ionic aggregates compared with pure PTMO-Na ionomer, which arises from the formation of a solvation cage structure that ethers oxygen atoms within PEO backbone chains encase ions to shield the coulombic interaction of ionic pairs. By analyzing the difference of solvation cage structure in pure PEO and PTMO-Na ionomers, the changes of ionic aggregate structure and structural morphology of copolymer ionomers upon the content of PEO and temperature are clarified. Specifically, the separated microdomains show a thermally driven mixing tendency as temperature is raised, which is attributed to thermally driven enhancing the ionic aggregates near the interface between PEO and PTMO microdomains, thereby promoting the effective compatibility of interface between PEO and PTMO microdomains. These findings provide a direct link between previous experiments about x-ray scattering [Macromolecules 45, 3962 (2012)] and rheology [Macromolecules 47, 3635 (2014)], which has significant implications for the design and optimization of single-ion conductor material properties.
Secondary flow structure and sediment deposition around flexible and rigid vegetation patches
Authors: Matsumoto Kazumasa , Okamoto Taka-aki , Sanjou Michio , Marjoribanks Timothy I. , Takada Masashi
Published: February 2025

Vegetation plays a crucial role in aquatic systems and characterizes riverine ecosystems. To predict changes in riverine environment, it is essential to understand the influences of vegetation on flow structure and sediment transport. The present study explores the effects of deflection of flexible vegetation elements on vortex structure and sediment deposition around a vegetation patch through flume experiments. First, velocity measurement by particle image velocimetry (PIV) was performed for flows around a single upright/inclined rigid strip blade and around a single/three-row patch of the inclined blades to investigate the effect of deflection of vegetation elements on flow structure. Second, the effects of vegetation flexibility on the flow structure and sediment deposition in the vegetation patch wake region were explored by vertical and horizontal PIV measurements and sediment deposition experiments. In this part, we considered three types of vegetation patch models consisting of rectangular blades arranged in a square lattice array: (1) rigid, emergent vegetation; (2) flexible, submerged vegetation; and (3) rigid, submerged vegetation. In the flexible vegetation case, a rotating secondary flow is generated by the deflection of vegetation elements and significantly contributes to momentum transport into the vegetation patch wake region, while the turbulent mixing by vertical or horizontal vortices determines the wake region behind the rigid vegetation patches. Moreover, the secondary flow around the flexible vegetation patch increases the spanwise sediment transport fluxes across the lateral patch edges and thereby enhances the sediment deposition behind the vegetation patch.
Cercospora Leaf Blight and Purple Seed Stain in Soybean: Insights and Challenges with a South American Perspective
Authors: Sautua Francisco José , Pizá María Cecilia Perez , Scandiani Mercedes , Carmona Marcelo Anibal
Published: February 2025

Cercospora leaf blight (CLB) and purple seed stain (PSS) are caused by several species of
Cercospora
, including
C
.
kikuchii
and
C
. cf.
flagellaris
. These diseases are prevalent in the world’s top soybean-producing regions, where they can lead to significant yield losses. Management strategies currently rely heavily on fungicide applications, but the development of resistance to common fungicides presents a growing challenge. To address this, there is increasing interest in innovative approaches, such as biofungicides, biostimulants, and plant defence inducers, which could offer more sustainable disease control. This case study examines the impact of CLB and PSS, with a focus on the epidemiological factors contributing to their spread, and explores ongoing research aimed at improving the management of these diseases in soybean production.

Information

© The Authors 2025
Presence of enhanced Pauli spin response and of 6 eV plasmonic excitation in Ni metal
Authors: Bhardwaj Shivani , Sihi Antik , Pandey Sudhir Kumar
Published: February 2025

We revisit the electronic structure of Nickel (Ni) using the density functional theory (DFT) and dynamical mean-ﬁeld theory (DMFT) for the theoretical description of its electronic structure properties along with ﬁnite-temperature magnetism. Our study provides a comprehensive account of electronic and magnetic properties with the same set of Coulomb interaction parameters, U=5.78 eV and J=1.1 eV calculated using ﬁrst-principles approach. The nature of theoretical magnetization curves obtained from DFT and DFT+DMFT as well as the experimental curve show deviation from the standard models of magnetism, viz Stoner and spin ﬂuctuation model. In comparison to DFT+DMFT method, temperature dependent DFT approach is found to well describe the ﬁnite-temperature magnentization curve of Ni below critical temperature (T 631 K). The study ﬁnds signiﬁcant Pauli-spin susceptibility contribution to paramagnetic spin susceptibility. Excluding the Pauli-spin response yields a linear Curie-Weiss dependence of the inverse paramagnetic susceptibility at higher temperatures. Also, the presence of mixed valence electronic conﬁguration (3d8, 3d9 and 3d7) is noted. The competing degrees of both the itinerant and localized moment picture of 3d states are found to dictate the ﬁnite-temperature magnetization of the system. Furthermore, the quasiparticle scattering rate is found to exhibit strong deviation from T 2 behaviour in temperature leading to the breakdown of conventional Fermi-liquid theory. In addition to the 6 eV satellite, our calculated electronic excitation spectrum shows the possible presence of satellite feature extending $\sim$10 eV binding energy, which has also been reported experimentally. Interestingly, our G0W0 results ﬁnd the presence of plasmonic excitation contribution to the intensity of famous 6 eV satellite along with the electronic correlation eﬀects, paving way for its reinterpretation.
Compound fault diagnosis of rolling bearings in variable speed based on adaptive chirp mode decomposition and generalized demodulation
Authors: Zhang XiaoLi , Luo Xin , Xiao Yong , Li Xianyao , Liang Wang
Published: February 2025

When rolling bearings work under variable speed conditions and experience compound faults, their vibration signal components become more complex, some of which coexist in a narrow frequency band, and are easy to interfere with each other and coupled together. In some cases, the tachometer cannot or is difficult to install, resulting in insufficient speed information, further increasing the challenge of fault diagnosis. Aiming at the above problem of compound fault diagnosis in variable speed without tachometer , a compound fault diagnosis method of rolling bearings in variable speed based on adaptive chirp decomposition and generalized demodulation is proposed to solve the problem of determining fault components in time-frequency ridges extracted by ridge search algorithm. Firstly, the fast path search algorithm and ridge extraction method are used to fit the rotation frequency equation, and then the instantaneous frequency equation and phase function are obtained by combining the bearing fault characteristic coefficients. Then the signal components and the optimized instantaneous frequency ridge are obtained by adaptive chirp mode decomposition(ACMD) decomposition. Finally, the signal is stabilized by generalized demodulation. The method can optimize the initial instantaneous frequency of the vibration signal, accurately extract the fault characteristic components, and ensure that the time-varying fault characteristic component has a high energy concentration after generalized demodulation, and the result is not interfered by other signal components. Experimental analysis shows that the proposed method can accurately extract the compound fault characteristics of rolling bearings.
VSC-ACGAN: Bearing Fault Diagnosis Model Applied to Imbalanced Samples
Authors: Yang Zhen yu , Mao Runze , ye linchang , Liu Yun , Hu Xiaoxi , Li Yuanjiang
Published: February 2025

The rapid development of deep learning has promoted the application of rolling bearing fault diagnosis techniques. However, in practical applications, the researchers often faces the challenge of a serious imbalance in the proportion of normal and fault states. This imbalance greatly affects the accuracy of diagnosis. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel fault diagnosis framework based on an auxiliary classifier generative adversarial network (ACGAN). Firstly, the stacked contractive autoencoder (SCAE) is cleverly combined with the discriminator network to improve its feature extraction capability and fault diagnosis accuracy. Subsequently, the original algorithm's focus on different types of samples is optimised to improve the generalisation of the diagnostic network. Finally, the stability of the generator network training is optimised with the help of the metric properties of the Kullback-Leibler (KL) scatter, and thus the variational stacked contractive-ACGAN(VSC-ACGAN) model is proposed. The experimental results show that the fault diagnosis accuracy reaches 99.75 with 200 training samples of each class on the Case Western Ruthenian University (CWRU) bearing dataset, which is significantly better than other algorithms. Under the same conditions, on the Jiangnan University (JNU) bearing dataset, the accuracy reaches 99.25, which shows good generalization and provides a broad prospect for future applications.
THE APPLICATION OF THE IMPROVED LOCAL MAXIMUM ITERATIVE SYNCHRONIZING TRANSFORM IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF MECHANICAL FAULTS
Authors: Shi Jianghai , Matthew Dialoke Ejiofor , Zhou Cheng , Cao Hongrui , Lan Hai , Du Minggang , Yang Yang
Published: February 2025

Mechanical equipment functioning in complex settings is regularly affected by time-varying loads, time-varying speeds, transient impacts, and other non-stationary circumstances, which can result in frequent failures. Time-varying loads, time-varying speeds, transient impacts, and other non-stationary situations frequently affect mechanical equipment operating in complex environments, which can lead to frequent failures. An improved local maximum iterative synchrosqueezing transform (ILMISST) method is presented in this paper to diagnose complex mechanical equipment issues. Initially, to generate improved TFR, the iterative instantaneous frequency (IF) estimation operator (ILMISST) is built by combining the local maximum SST (LMSST) and iterative synchrosqueezing transform (ISST) approaches. Following two rounding processes, the iterative IF estimate operator is then assigned to a frequency point to solve the hazy energy problem, sometimes referred to as the non-reassigned points problem, at some designated TF locations. Lastly, research on testing and simulation validates the effectiveness of this method.
Advances in spin properties of plant leaf-derived graphene quantum dots from materials to applications
Authors: Hung Yuan Chih , Wu Jia-Ren , Periasamy Arun Prakash , Aoki Nobuyuki , Chuang Chiashain
Published: February 2025

Over the past decade, graphene quantum dots have gained an inexhaustible deal of attention due to their unique zero-dimensional and quantum confinement properties, which boosted their wide research implication and reliable applications. As one of the promising zero-dimensional member and rising star of the carbon family, plant leaf-derived graphene quantum dots have attracted significant attention from scholars working in different research fields. Owing to its novel photophysical properties including high photo-stability, plant leaf-derived graphene quantum dots have been increasingly utilized in the fabrication of optoelectronic devices. Their superior biocompatibility finds their use in biotechnology applications, while their fascinating spin and magnetic properties have maximized their utilization in spin-manipulation devices. In order to promote the applications of plant leaf-derived graphene quantum dots in different fields, several studies over the past decade have successfully utilized plant leaf as sustainable precursor and synthesized graphene quantum dots with various sizes using different chemical and physical methods. In this review, we summarize the Neem and Fenugreek leaves based methods of synthesis of plant leaf-derived graphene quantum dots, discussing their surface characteristics and photophysical. We highlight the size and wavelength dependent photoluminescence properties of plant leaf-derived graphene quantum dots towards their applications in optoelectronic devices such as white light-emitting diodes and photodetectors, as well as biotechnology applications such as in vivo imaging of apoptotic cells and spin related devices as magnetic storage medium. Finally, we particularly discuss possible ways of fine tuning the spin properties of plant leaf-derived graphene quantum dot clusters by incorporation withsuperconducting quantum interference device, followed by utilization of atomic force microscopy and magnetic force microscopy measurements for the construction of future spin-based magnetic storage media and spin manipulation quantum devices so as to provide an outlook on the future spin applications of plant leaf-derived graphene quantum dots.
An alternative approach to the discrete Shnirelman’s inequality
Authors: Zizza Martina
Published: February 2025

In this paper we examine the discrete Shnirelman’s inequality (Shnirelman 1985 Math. USSR Sb.
56 82–109), which relates the L
2-distance of two discrete configurations of a fluid to the

L
t
1

L
x
2

-norm of the vector field connecting them. Our proof is inspired by (Shnirelman 1985 Math. USSR Sb.
56 82–109), where it was obtained

α
=

1
64

in dimension ν = 2, while here we get

α
⩾

2
7

. Moreover, this bound can be taken

α
⩾

1

ν
+
1

for any dimension

ν
⩾
3

. This is the best bound achieved in a purely discrete context, and connections to the continuous Shnirelman’s inequality are discussed. Our method uses an alternative approach based on volume estimates of permutations, which count the number of maximum cubes that are moved by a permutation P.
Evaluation of motion mitigation strategies for carbon ion therapy of abdominal tumors based on non-periodic imaging data
Authors: Steinsberger Timo , Nakas Anestis , Vai Alessandro , Molinelli Silvia , Donetti Marco , Pullia Marco , Martire Maria Chiara , Galeone Cosimo , Ciocca Mario , Pella Andrea , Vitolo Viviana , Barcellini Amelia , Orlandi Ester , Imparato Sara , Volz Lennart , Baroni Guido , Paganelli Chiara , Durante Marco , Graeff Christian
Published: February 2025

Objective: To identify suitable combination strategies for treatment planning and beam delivery in scanned carbon ion therapy of moving tumors.Approach: Carbon ion treatment plans for five abdominal tumors were optimized on 4DCT data using the following approaches: 4DITV across all phases and within a gating window, single phase uniform dose (SPUD), and an innovative 4D tracking ITV strategy. Delivered single-fraction doses were calculated on time-resolved virtual CT images reconstructed from 2D cine-MRI series, using a Deformable Image Registration pipeline. Treatment plans were combined with various beam delivery techniques: 3D (no motion mitigation), rescanning, gating, beam tracking, and multi-phase 4D delivery with and without residual tracking (MP4D and MP4DRT) to form in total 11 treatment modalities. Single fraction doses were accumulated to simulate a fractionated treatment. Main results: Breath-sampled treatments using the MP4D and MP4DRT delivery techniques were the only to achieve D95 > 95 % for hypofractionated treatments, with little dependence on the number of fractions. A combination of MP4DRT with the new 4D tracking ITV approach resulting in conformal dose distributions and demonstrated the greatest robustness against irregular motion and anatomical changes. Significance: This study demonstrates, that real-time adaptive beam delivery strategies can deliver conformal doses within single fractions, thereby enabling hypofractionated treatment schemes that are not feasible with conventional strategies.
Surface modifications on unirradiated and ion-irradiated tungsten after exposed to deuterium plasma at LHD divertor-leg position
Authors: Zhao Mingzhong , Masuzaki Suguru , Tokitani Masayuki , Yajima Miyuki , Kobayashi Makoto , Yabuuchi Kiyohiro , Oya Yasuhisa
Published: February 2025

In order to clarify the divertor plasma-induced tungsten (W) surface modifications as well as the irradiation defects effect, two kinds of ITER grade W were exposed to the large helical device (LHD) deuterium (D) plasma at the divertor-leg position. One was the iron (Fe) ion irradiated W to produce irradiation defects, and the other was the unirradiated W. The distributions of divertor plasma-induced surface modifications on these two kinds of W were clarified by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A co-deposition layer which was mainly made up of carbon (C) and Fe was formed at the private flux region (>21 mm). No significant surface change was observed at the strike point region (14 – 16 mm). The oxygen-enriched amorphous W structures (OEAWs) caused by plasma surface interactions were observed at the 2- 14 mm (scrape-off layer region (SOL) region) and 20 mm. A the 2-14 mm and 20 mm, the OEAWs density on the pre-irradiated W sample is lower than that on the unirradiated W sample. On the other hand, the OEAWs size on the pre-irradiated W sample is larger than that on the unirradiated W sample at the 8 – 12 mm and 20 mm. While, the OEAWs size on the pre-irradiated W sample is smaller than that on the unirradiated W sample at the 2 – 6 mm. This study implies the possibility of forming OEAWs on the surface of W divertor. And the irradiation defects affect the density and size of OEAWs.
Research on automatic welding process of mid-diameter pipeline construction
Authors: Wang Changjiang , Chen Jiaming , Sha Shengyi , Zhang Yi , Ma Zhifeng , Wang Xinsheng
Published: February 2025

Automatic pipeline welding technology is the preferred technology of the current long-distance oil and gas pipeline welding construction. Pipe root welding technology includes internal root welding and external root welding. The root welding methods in the construction of small and medium-diameter pipelines are mostly manual and semi-automatic root welding, with low welding efficiency. This paper introduces an automatic tungsten argon arc 360° circumferential root welding and flux cored wire upward filling and capping automatic welding process for Φ457 mm×6.4 mm steel pipe as an example, and tests and analyzes the welded joints according to the standard. The test results show that the appearance of the welded joints, non-destructive testing results, and mechanical properties test results are qualified. The process can reduce labor intensity and improve welding efficiency while ensuring the welding quality, which has popularization and application value in the mid-diameter pipeline welding construction.
Structural design and analysis of underwater survival capsule for pumped-storage power station
Authors: Nie Gang , Wang Yifeng , Gao Song , Fu Chenfeng , Yang Yanping , Ma Qichang , Wu Weixiang , Li Jun
Published: February 2025

Pumped-storage, as a leading large-scale energy storage technology, has been widely adopted in power systems. The underground powerhouse area of such stations may experience flooding incidents due to equipment failures and geographic factors, leading to significant casualties and property losses. The survival capsule serves as a reliable escape facility, showing excellent performance in coal mine rescue operations. This paper presents a design for an underwater survival capsule system aimed at addressing flooding incidents in hydropower stations. The design ensures the capsule’s structural integrity with reliable waterproof and pressure-resistant properties, also providing a stable and comfortable internal environment for those evacuees.
Design and analysis of anchor installation device based on CREO and ANSYS
Authors: Yin Yuxing , Xiao Jiacheng , Zhang Yanzun
Published: February 2025

In order to improve the construction efficiency of the bolt support process, after the full mechanical operation is changed to semi-mechanized operation, the phenomenon of loose anchor and non-anchor appears, and the grouting function is still completed by manpower or the next grouting part of the bolt trolley, which leads to complicated construction procedures, poor environment, low application rate of bolt trolley and so on. Therefore, according to the engineering needs, the bolt installation device is designed based on CREO, and the transient dynamic analysis of the bevel gear pair, which is the core part of the device, is carried out by using ANSYS software. The results show that the design meets the strength and construction requirements. The device integrates the functions of inserting anchor, locking anchor and grouting. It adopts a double drive motor and can realize the continuity of the working procedure of “installing bolt-grouting” or “grouting-installing bolt”. It has the advantages of an ingenious structure, convenient maintenance, high interchangeability of parts, higher functional integration, and reduced self-weight of the bolt head. The reliability and safety of bolt support are greatly improved, and the efficiency of bolt support and the utilization rate of the trolley are also improved, which can provide a design reference for the optimization of bolt heads.
Optimization of the powertrain rubber suspension structure
Authors: Dai Jianhui , Song Chongzhi , Wang Longyu , Zeng Zhaosheng
Published: February 2025

In light of the necessity for precise parameter value determination in order to meet stiffness requirements at the initial design stage of the powertrain rubber suspension main spring parameters, this paper proposes the utilisation of an orthogonal experimental analysis in conjunction with a finite element method Taguchi test, employing the Minitab software, in order to achieve comprehensive analysis. It is necessary to consider the width (W), length (L), the angle of two adjacent rubber blocks (Ɵ), the distance from the upper surface of the inner ring (D), and the diameter reduction (r) of the outer ring of the rubber main spring during the vulcanization of the outer ring. ABAQUS was employed to calculate the suspension stiffness, with a particular focus on the V-direction stiffness within the suspension local coordinate system. In order to achieve a closer alignment with the target stiffness value, the genetic algorithm in Matlab was utilized to optimize Pareto on the basis of the orthogonal test data. This ultimately led to the identification of the optimal combination of suspension parameters that satisfied the requisite stiffness value, thereby facilitating the early development of the suspension and reducing the overall time required for this phase of the project.
Research on high-speed milling of high-strength steel
Authors: Luo Zhiwen , Huang Kui , Yuan Guifang , Liang Binyan , He Chao , Liu Hongwei
Published: February 2025

PCrNi3MoVA is a prevalently employed high-strength steel, primarily utilized in aerospace, the national defense industry, the nuclear industry, medicine, and other domains. This study mainly probed into the milling forces and surface roughness of PCrNi3MoVA steel when it was milled at high speed with a 10 mm solid carbide end mill on the side and made a comparison by end milling. The primary factors influencing surface roughness and milling forces in both milling approaches were determined, and a prediction model for cutting forces was obtained.
Failure analysis of cracking of 316L stainless steel corrugated compensator
Authors: Li Xiaowei , Cheng Lei , Xin Yanchao , Du Chenyang
Published: February 2025

the corrugated compensator is a kind of compensation element. In this paper, the cracking problem of a 316L corrugated compensator located under the compressor outlet is analyzed, and the reasons for the failure are found in macro-inspection, chemical composition analysis, metallographic analysis, and energy spectrum analysis. The results of the study indicated that the material of the corrugated compensator did not comply with the manufacturing requirements, and chlorine was found in a corrosive medium. Combined with the dendritic characteristics of metallographic cracks, It is judged that this failure is because the content of Ni element is lower than the standard requirements, which results in a decrease in the material’s resistance to pitting and to chloride ion stress corrosion cracking, which leads to chloride ion stress corrosion cracking of the corrugated compensator and finally leads to leakage failure. At the same time, given the repeated occurrence of similar faults, some reasonable suggestions are put forward.
Investigation of cracks in the feed pipe of reactor in the Coal-to-Oil hydrogenation unit
Authors: Li Xufeng , Lu Shengzi , Deng Cong , Luo Weijian , Yang Ruizeng
Published: February 2025

Pressure pipelines, as special pressure-bearing equipment, are widely used in industries such as petroleum, petrochemicals, chemicals, and electricity. They often operate in environments characterized by high temperatures, high pressures, and corrosive media. Once accidents occur, they can have catastrophic consequences. This paper focuses on the analysis of cracks discovered during regular inspections of a feed pipeline in a hydrogenation unit. Macroscopically, there are approximately 12 cracks, with lengths ranging from 10 to 20 mm, propagating from the outer surface inward but not penetrating the pipe wall. Analytical results show that the material composition, hardness, mechanical properties, and metallographic structure all meet standard requirements, with no signs of material degradation. Subsequently, scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the corrosion products at the crack tips, revealing a high content of chlorine elements. It is inferred that the cracks on the parent material of the pipe are due to chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking, where the cracks initiate from pits on the external surface of the pipeline and propagate inward and axially under the stress corrosion induced by chlorides. Finally, the paper proposes corresponding suggestions for subsequent management, emphasizing the need to control the surface quality of pipelines to avoid deep pits and to inspect and repair the pipeline’s insulation aluminum jacket to prevent rainwater infiltration.
Failure analysis of oil-conveying pipe elbow leakage for marine oil loading arm
Authors: Si Jun
Published: February 2025

The marine oil loading arm, as a special type of transportation equipment, is an efficient and safe oil terminal loading and unloading device. Due to the accumulation of internal impurities in the transportation medium and the influence of coastal moisture and salt spray, oil-conveying pipes are corroded easily. Once corrosion leakage occurs, it can easily cause casualties or environmental pollution. A leakage occurred at the inlet elbow of a marine oil loading arm at a certain oil tanker terminal. Through chemical composition analysis, mechanical analysis, metallographic analysis, and energy spectrum analysis of the elbow, it is shown that the failure of the elbow is caused by oxygen corrosion.
Vehicle aerodynamics characteristics of 35°Ahmed body model in crosswind conditions
Authors: Sun Jiashun , Zhang Lei , He Yunli
Published: February 2025

In order to study the aerodynamic characteristics of the vehicle body in the different crosswinds, the simulation model is employed based on the STAR CCM+CFD, and the unsteady numerical calculations of the flow field around the high-speed vehicle are performed. To comprehensively study the changing behavior of vehicle aerodynamic force under various crosswinds, including in-step, sinusoidal, triangular, and exponential wind, the aerodynamic characteristics of the 35° Ahmed vehicle body model are analyzed. The research results indicate that the crosswind of the step wind has the most significant interference with the vehicle, while the exponential crosswind exerts the weakest effect. The wind patterns do not significantly affect the drag and lift coefficients, but the trend of the lateral force coefficients closely aligns with the lateral wind speed.
The Influence of the surface hardness on the atomization performance of ultrasonic atomizer
Authors: Zhang Fan , Wu Fuhai , Chen Bochuan , Chen Guanxian , Deng Shaozheng , Gui Zhenzhen , Zhang Jianhui
Published: February 2025

In the actual production of ultrasonic atomization, to cater to the consumers’ preference for the appearance of the products, the surface of the ultrasonic atomizer needs to be treated with different machining processes, which tend to affect the surface hardness of the atomizer, and affect the atomization performance of the atomizer. Therefore, the beauty of the appearance and the reduction of atomization performance has become a contradiction in the current industrial production of atomizers. In this study, it is theoretically proved that the hardness is inversely proportional to the atomization rate. Two machining processes are selected among the five common processing techniques for the experiment: (1) mirror polishing treatment of the atomizer, and (2) mirror polishing-sandblasting-plasma spraying treatment of the atomizer. To evaluate various aspects of the atomizer’s performance, several experiments were conducted, focusing on the hardness of the atomizer’s surface, its vibration displacement and the atomization performance. The results indicate that there is an inverse relationship between the atomization rate and the surface hardness, while the atomization rate is directly proportional to the peak vibration displacement. These findings align with the theoretical predictions. Following the process (2) treatment, the atomizer’s surface developed a frosted texture. As a result, its hardness increased by approximately 13.6%, the peak vibration displacement decreased by around 23.46%, and the atomization rate dropped by about 30.59% compared to the untreated atomizer. After the treatment of process (1), the surface of the atomizer had a mirror texture, where the hardness decreased by around 26.8%, the peak vibration displacement increased by approximately 64.2%, and the atomization rate increased by approximately 110.81%, compared with the untreated atomizer. The hardness influences the atomization rate by affecting the vibration displacement of the ultrasonic atomizer.
Dynamic characteristics analysis of a four-degree-of-freedom motion platform
Authors: Lu Jinjin , Jing Manjun , Fan Zhuo , Mao Hongyong , Yi Xiaojun , Fang Zhen , Liu Qian , Xiao Xin
Published: February 2025

Taking a four-degree-of-freedom motion platform as the research object, this paper establishes the ADAMS model of the main structure of the motion platform and the AMESim model of the driving mechanism of a ball screw pair. At the same time, through the co-simulation analysis, the influence of contact stiffness, contact damping, transmission clearance, and transmission friction in the ball screw pair on the dynamic performance of the system is discussed. The simulation results show that there is no coupling relationship between the driving cylinders of horizontal, longitudinal, and vertical motion in the four degrees of freedom attitude of a motion platform. In the pitch motion, there is a coupling relationship between the longitudinal cylinder and the vertical cylinder. The pitching motion of a motion platform and the motion of each electric cylinder can follow the preset motion curve well. The angle error of pitch is not more than 0.09°, and the angular velocity error of pitch is not more than 0.15°/s. The horizontal movement of the pitch axis is not more than 0.07 mm, the longitudinal movement of the pitch axis is not more than 0.19 mm, and the vertical movement of the pitch axis is not more than 0.18 mm. The existence of contact stiffness, contact damping, transmission clearance, and transmission friction of the ball screw pair makes the system oscillation not conducive to rapid stability.
The study of the influence of load amplitude on the fatigue behavior of Al 7075-T6 double-lap bolted joints
Authors: Li Ben , Zhang Mingyuan , Huang Yuanzhe , Li Yingjun , Cui Yuheng
Published: February 2025

To investigate the influence of varying load amplitudes on the fatigue behavior of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy bolted joints, a series of fatigue tests and finite element analyses were conducted across a broad load range of 8 kN to 20 kN, with a constant tightening torque set at 10 N·m. The experimental results indicated no significant wear or fatigue damage was observed in the bolted joints under low load amplitudes. However, as the load amplitude increased, wear was exacerbated at the bolt joint, leading to a transition in failure mode from fretting fatigue to ordinary fatigue. Finite element analysis results revealed that stress amplitude and slip amplitude within the bolt joint increased with rising load amplitudes. Furthermore, the location of maximum stress shifted from the periphery of the hole towards its edge. This shift elucidated why failure modes in bolt joints transition from fretting fatigue to ordinary fatigue as loading conditions change.
Numerical simulation analysis of sandwich structure based on shock wave of shock tube explosion
Authors: Yang Yi , Lin Guowen , Yang Chunhao , Ren Jie
Published: February 2025

The polyurethane-aluminum sandwich structure has good energy absorption characteristics. The dynamic response and impact resistance of this sandwich structure subject to the explosive action of shock wave load is investigated based on the principle of reflection superposition of explosives explosion on the complex boundary. The LS-DYNA software is utilized to compute the pressure distribution within the flow field created by the wall reflection of a 40 g TNT explosion in the shock tube. We obtain the dynamic response by taking the computed pressure at the mouth of the tube as the loading load of the polyurethane sandwich structure. Following the same simulation method, it is predicted how polyurethane sandwich panels of different thicknesses would respond dynamically under the shock wave loading of a 40 g TNT explosion in the shock tube. It is shown that the explosion of 40 g TNT in a shock tube with a cross-section radius of 101.55 mm produces an overpressure curve at the mouth of the tube with a peak value of 1.8 MPa. In the case of a surge tube, when the thickness of the panel (back plate) is increased by 3 mm, the impact of the shock wave load created by the explosion of 40 g TNT reduces the displacement of the sandwich structure’s back plate by 70% and dramatically reduces the plastic deformation.
Numerical simulation and analysis of aerodynamic characteristics of commercial vehicles with different tail fins
Authors: Tang Rongjiang , Yu Tianxing , You Zeyu , Guo Wei , Liu Tong
Published: February 2025

To improve the fuel economy of commercial vehicles, this paper designs two types of commercial vehicle tailfin shapes from the perspective of reducing the wind resistance at the rear of the vehicle, aiming to reduce the influence of the vortex at the rear of the commercial vehicle on the driving performance. Based on the aerodynamic principle, the STAR-CCM+ simulation tool was utilized to simulate the no-tail model, three-surface tail model, and four-surface tail model for the two cases of commercial vehicles with flat compartments and concave compartments, to study the effect of the tail fins of commercial vehicles on the reduction of the tail wind resistance coefficient of commercial vehicles. The results of the study show that the commercial vehicle model with three-side tail fins can reduce the wind resistance by 25.6% in the case of a flat compartment surface and 24% in the case of a concave and convex compartment surface of the commercial vehicle compared to the model without tail fins. In comparison, the four-side tail fins commercial vehicle model only reduces the wind resistance by 22.5% and 16.2% in the same cases. The experiments confirm that the rear wing of the commercial vehicle can effectively mitigate the rear wind resistance. The three-surface tail model has better stability than the four-surface tail model, and the optimization effect is better when the side compartment surface is flat.
Numerical simulations of the compressive fracture behavior for polymer bonded explosives using phase field method
Authors: Hou Jun , Yi Linfu , Liu Xiao , Dong Shengquan , Zhang Jinhan
Published: February 2025

Polymer-bonded explosives (PBX) frequently encounter compressive forces, including those resulting from projectile penetration and accidental drops, throughout their operational lifespan. Utilizing the principles of variational fracture theory in conjunction with the generalized Maxwell viscoelastic constitutive framework, we have developed a viscoelastic phase field constitutive model for PBX, and the mechanical behavior of PBX under compression load is simulated. Firstly, mesh convergence was explored by comparing experimental results and determining two key parameters of the phase field model: mesh size (h) and length size (l
0). Furthermore, the damage and failure modes of PBX under compression load were studied at a strain rate of 891/s. Additionally, through simulating the PBX compression process under different strain rate loads, the force exerted on PBX was examined by analyzing changes in the ratio of Young’s modulus between polymer matrix and explosive particles as well as variations in elastic strain energy and viscous energy during compression. The research findings offer valuable insights into the design of optimized structures, as well as enhancing transportation and storage security for high-performance PBX.
Numerical simulation of impact characteristics of NEPE solid propellant fragments
Authors: Li Siqi , Ma Ji , Lu Chunrui
Published: February 2025

To study the impact initiation characteristics of nitrate plasticized polyether (NEPE) propellant, the fragments, shell casing, thermal layer, and propellant were simulated and the model was established. The effect of fragments on the initiation performance of the NEPE propellant model at different initial velocities was analyzed. When the initial velocity of the fragment increases from 1, 000 m/s to 5, 000 m/s, the time of the occurrence of the explosion is gradually advanced, the detonation area is gradually enlarged, and the peak value is narrower with the increase in velocity.
Research on enhanced turbine blades point cloud registration based on design benchmarks
Authors: Sun Tianyu , Tang Wei , Wang Changxi
Published: February 2025

To address the issue of the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm often yielding optimal registration results instead of accurate ones during the point cloud registration of turbine blades, this study proposes an improved ICP registration algorithm based on design standards. First, the design standard is introduced into the coarse-registered manufacturing point cloud using a ball-filtering algorithm. Then, the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) algorithm is used to solve the registration process and obtain the registration matrix. Finally, the rigidity of the registration is assessed by calculating extrema to determine if it is a local optimum. Iterative adjustments are made until the optimal solution is achieved. Through multiple experiments, it has been shown that the proposed algorithm reduces the average error by approximately 42.9% compared to the classical ICP algorithm and shortens the registration time by about 47.82%.
Determination of precipitation temperature of the precipitated phase of steel containing B enamel
Authors: Fu Xuejian , Xu Chun
Published: February 2025

B-containing low carbon microalloy hot-rolled enamel steel has good scale explosion resistance and high strength. In order to determine the precipitation temperature of the precipitated phase, the DSC curve was obtained by STA499F3 synchronous thermal analyzer, combined with electrolytic extraction and XRD test analysis. The results showed that the precipitation temperature range of Ti4C2S2 was 883°C~898°C, and that of Fe3C was 733°C~763°C.
Structure and properties of Au/N-G composites prepared based on different nitrogen sources
Authors: Song Yan , Xu Jinhan , Sun Yiming , Xu Xinnan , Tan Xin , Du Ming , Hu Jiacheng , Shi Zixuan , Wang Haoyu , Zhang Xiao
Published: February 2025

This study looked at different nitrogen sources used to make nitrogen-doped graphene composites loaded with gold. The structures and properties of the different composites were compared. Nitrogen-doped graphene (N-G) was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were loaded into the samples to make Au/N-G composites. The properties of nitrogen-doped materials prepared with different nitrogen sources as well as gold nano-nitrogen-doped composites (Au/N-G) were compared by TEM, SEM, XPS, and Cyclic voltammetry scanning. Adding urea to N-G materials makes them have more surface pleats and folds, a larger surface area of graphene, and better electrical conductivity. The Au/N-G composites prepared with urea as the nitrogen source have potential for use in electrochemical sensors.
Study on fatigue properties of Al-Mg-Sc-Zr high-strength aluminum materials fabricated by SLM additive manufacturing
Authors: Yang Fan , Shen Peiliang , Ye Dongsen
Published: February 2025

As the most widely used metal material in civil aerospace, aluminum alloy additive manufacturing has great potential for performance and application. Due to the particularity of additive manufacturing processes, defects such as cracks, pores, and inclusions are prone to occur during the manufacturing process, which can affect the fatigue performance of metal materials. This paper takes SLM additive manufacturing of Al-Mg-Sc-Zr high-strength aluminum alloy powder as the research object and compares it with the 2024-T3 aluminum alloy sheet as the benchmark, and its fatigue performance is studied based on the CFQ analysis method engineering system. The results show that the fatigue performance of SLM additive-manufactured Al-Mg-Sc-Zr specimens is related to the printing direction. The CFQ value of the specimens printed in the X-Y direction is about 15% higher than that in the Z direction. Meanwhile, the fatigue performance of SLM additive manufactured Al-Mg-Sc-Zr specimens in the X-Y and Z directions is lower than that of 2024-T3 aluminum alloy sheet parts.
Effect of aging temperature on the exfoliation corrosion behavior of Al-Cu-Li alloy
Authors: Li Shenlan , Liu Chuansheng , Qiu Xiaohui
Published: February 2025

The performance of Al-Cu-Li alloy in terms of its susceptibility to exfoliation corrosion under varying aging temperature conditions was studied, and the effects of aging temperature and time on the exfoliation corrosion resistance were analyzed. The experiments revealed that at the same aging time, increasing the aging temperature has a negative impact on the alloy’s ability to resist exfoliation corrosion. When aged at 150°C and 175°C, the alloy’s exfoliation corrosion resistance continuously decreases as the aging time prolongs. However, when aged at 200°C, the alloy exhibits better exfoliation corrosion resistance in the over-aged state compared to the under-aged and peak-aged states. When the aging temperature is lower than 175°C, the number of T1 phase is crucial in determining the extent of exfoliation corrosion. However, when the aging temperature reaches 200°C, the quantity and arrangement of large secondary particles are the key determinants of the alloy’s resistance to exfoliation corrosion.
Preparation of epoxy porous sound-absorbing material and its sound-absorbing performance research
Authors: Yang Fu , Li Mei , Zhang Xinyang , Lu Lin
Published: February 2025

Porous sound-absorbing materials were prepared with epoxy resin as the matrix and sodium dodecyl sulfate as the blowing agent. Orthogonal experiments were designed, and nine groups of specimens were tested for tensile properties, compressive properties, sound-absorbing properties, and soundproofing properties, respectively. The results of the experiments were analyzed in terms of extreme deviation, and the role of thickness on sound-absorbing properties was also explored. The results showed that the new porous sound-absorbing material had the best overall performance when the additions of epoxy resin and foaming agent were 30% and 10% of the total mass, respectively, in which the average sound absorption coefficient of the material amounted to 0.78, the average sound insulation amounted to 22.2 dB, the compressive strength was 0.75 MPa, the tensile strength was 0.5 MPa, and the abrasion amount was 0.049 g/cm2. When the thickness of the material is 15 mm, the average sound absorption coefficient is 0.82, and its sound absorption effect is optimized.
Topological optimization design of multiphase materials under multiple operating conditions
Authors: Wang Dongtao , Liu Zhen , Tang Chengtie
Published: February 2025

In existing structural topology optimization methods, the main focus is on the topology optimization problem under single operating conditions. However, under various operating conditions, there is uncertainty and complexity among the operating conditions. This paper, based on the topology optimization technology of continuum structures in multiphase materials, conducts relevant research on the structural optimization problem of multiphase materials under multiple working conditions with volume constraints and minimum structural flexibility as the objective. The results show that under multiple operating conditions, the optimized structural topology is clear and has good 0/1 characteristics.
Preface
Authors: Gao Tianpeng
Published: February 2025

Since its inception in 2018, IWEG conferences (International Workshop on Environment and Geoscience) were successfully held for last seven years, Hangzhou (2018, 2019, 2021), online (2020, 2022, 2023, 2024) attracted delegates from a lot of countries and regions including China, Australia, Poland, Slovenia, Japan and so on. As an annual international conference, IWEG aims at being a fast and efficient platform for researchers and scholars worldwide to discuss recent developments in the area of Environment and Geoscience.

There were about 40 experts and scholars attending the conference. Three sessions were included: keynote speeches, oral presentations and poster presentations, covering a wide range of Environment and Geoscience. There were 3 keynote speakers, 4 oral presenters and 6 poster presenter sharing their latest research results and ideas with the audience.

This conference proceeding included 6 accepted articles selected from 49 submissions, all the papers have been through rigorous review and process to meet the requirements of international publication standard. We would like to express our gratitude to the reviewers of these manuscripts, who provided constructive criticism and stimulated comments and suggestions to the authors. We are extremely grateful as organizers, technical program committee and editors and extend our most sincere thanks to all the authors for their excellent contribution and work. Our sincere gratitude also goes to the IOP Publishing editors and managers for their helpful cooperation during the preparation of the proceeding.

List of Technical Program Committee is available in this pdf.