bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arte y videojuegos: ¿en qué estado se encuentra?
Authors: González-Sancho Roy
Published: February 2025

The arts have varied in its composition and members during the last 100 years. In this way from music, architecture, dance, painting, poetry and sculpture, cinema was incorporated involved in a controversy about its originality or possibilities to develop its own language. In this context, hand in hand with the emergence of Information and Communication Technologies, video games joined into this controversy, with criticisms and accusations that showed parallels spaces with the situation reported by cinematography in its time. Therefore, the general aim of this paper is to analyze the development of the discussion in specialized and academic media about the status of video games as an art form or means of its expression. Among the results, there are extensive statements, works and theoretical developments that manage to justify the artistic status of video games or at least their consideration as a field of artistic expression, which has managed to develop its own language, with a particular aesthetic characterized by the participation and interactivity of the person involved in its use, different from the contemplative experience of the traditional arts.
Drilling speed and bone healing in implantology: evidence-based recommendations
Authors: Bouguezz Adel , Slim Afef , Slimen Noura Ben Haj , Chokri Abdellatif , Hentati Hajer , Selmi Jamil
Published: February 2025

Drilling speed is a critical factor in implantology that influences multiple dimensions of surgical and post-surgical success, including bone healing, osseointegration, and the prevention of thermal damage. This article comprehensively examines the relationship between drilling speed and bone physiology, drawing on recent research to provide actionable, evidence-based guidelines for clinicians. By emphasizing the balance between efficiency and tissue preservation, the article underscores key strategies for minimizing thermal damage, optimizing primary stability, and enhancing long-term implant success. These recommendations are designed to support practitioners in achieving superior clinical outcomes while safeguarding bone vitality.
ФІНАНСОВІ БАЛАНСИ В СИСТЕМІ КІЛЬКІСНИХ ТА ЯКІСНИХ ОЦІНЮВАНЬ ВІДТВОРЮВАЛЬНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ
Authors: Гасанов С. , Кулик А. , Кулик В.
Published: February 2025

Вступ. Фінансові баланси є одним із основних інформаційно-аналітичних інструментів управління господарською діяльністю. Вони будуються на основі методології системи національних рахунків, слугують основою управління фінансовим станом держави та процесами економічного відтворення в галузевому й інституційному розрізах та у зовнішньоекономічному аспекті.Проблематика. Наразі є потреба у побудові проєктного зразка інформаційно-аналітичної системи для аналізу,моніторингу та управління державними фінансами.Мета. Визначення методологічних засад побудови системи фінансових балансів національної економіки та їх використання для комплексного аналізу процесів економічного кругообігу й фінансового стану держави з метою виявлення і подолання негативних тенденцій та проблем, забезпечення стабільного розширеного відтворення національної економіки.Матеріали й методи. Використано систему національних рахунків та ряд похідних фінансових балансів, зокрема модель «витрати-випуск», зовнішньоекономічний баланс, рахунки державного сектору в розрізі інституційних підсекторів, рахунок фінансових активів і пасивів. Застосовано загальнонаукові та спеціальні методи: аналізу, синтезу,групування, порівняння, балансовий, економіко-математичного моделювання.Результати. На основі системи національних рахунків побудовано систему фінансових балансів економіки України (2021 р.), яка комплексно описує процес економічного відтворення, показує зв’язки між інституційними секторами, між секторами та ринками тощо. Баланси підготовлено за агрегованою та розширеною схемою. Поданий інструментарій призначено для експертного оцінювання якісних характеристик процесів економічного відтворення. Пропонований підхід до побудови системи фінансових балансів національної економіки може бути розширений в галузевому та інституційному розрізах.Висновки. Система фінансових балансів якісно характеризує фінансовий стан національної економіки та окремі фінансові процеси. Їх використання дозволяє системно дослідити особливості економічного кругообігу, провести якісну оцінку відтворювальних процесів та розробити дієві механізми відтворення національної економіки.
Copyright Protection on Works Generated by Artificial Intelligence
Authors: ARONOV A. , IDRYSHEVA S.
Published: February 2025

Introduction. Artificial intelligence (AI) has profoundly impacted various aspects of human life, including text generation, software development, and art creation. Many sport and business news articles available online have been authored by AI. Under the current legal frameworks in many jurisdictions, AI-generated works have generally been regarded as tools. However, the evolution of advanced AI technologies has significantly challenged this traditional perspective.Problem Statement. The rise of AI has introduced significant challenges to intellectual property law, particularly copyright. In the context of copyright, AI-generated works have sparked legal disputes regarding whether AI can be recognized as the author of creative works, how such works should be protected, and who holds the rights to them.Purpose. This study aims to critically analyze copyright issues related to AI-generated works, identify the legal regulations governing such works in developed countries, and propose recommendations to enhance Kazakhstani copyright law for AI-generated outputs.Materials and Methods. The research has employed comparative legal analysis, general scientific methods, and specific scientific approaches.Results. Drawing on foreign practices, the study has concluded that the individual who has made the necessary arrangements for the creation of AI-generated works should be recognized as the author.Conclusions. The paper provides practical recommendations for improving Kazakhstani legislation on copyright protection for AI-generated works. The findings may serve as a valuable resource for future legal research on regulating copyright for AI-generated outputs.
Decoding Hearts: Genetic Insights and Clinical Strategies in Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Stark Christopher M. , Hughes Brian N. , Schacht John Paul , Urbina Theresa M.
Published: February 2025

Structural congenital heart disease (CHD) represents a heterogeneous group of cardiac anomalies of variable embryologic and molecular origins. A basic understanding of the genetics implicated in nonsyndromic (isolated) and syndromic structural CHD can better inform management decisions and family counseling. When a fetus or neonate develops CHD as a result of a genetic cause, it can be due to a mutation or a monogenic, oligogenic, or polygenic pathogenic variant. In this review, we summarize basic cardiac embryology in the context of genetic signaling pathways and proteins that are commonly implicated in syndromic and nonsyndromic structural CHD. We also provide an overview of the basic genetic evaluation in infants with common syndromic structural CHD.
Applications of Metabolomics and Lipidomics in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Reiss Jonathan D. , Mataraso Samson J. , Holzapfel Lindsay F. , Marić Ivana , Kasowski Maya M. , Martin Camilia R. , Long Jonathan Z. , Stevenson David K. , Shaw Gary M. ,   on behalf of the Stanford Metabolic Health Center
Published: February 2025

The metabolome and lipidome comprise the thousands of molecular compounds in an organism. Molecular compounds consist of the upstream metabolic components of intracellular reactions or the byproducts of cellular pathways. Molecular and biochemical perturbations are associated with disorders in newborns and infants. The diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism has relied on targeted metabolomics for several decades. Newer approaches offer the potential to identify novel biomarkers for common diseases of the newborn and infant. They may also elucidate novel predictive or diagnostic measures for a variety of health trajectories. Here, we review the relevance of the metabolome and lipidome for common disorders and highlight challenges and opportunities for future investigations.
Manifestations of Disobedience and Behavior by the Belzec Camp’s Vakhmans (According to the Archive Materials)
Authors: Trusko B.O.
Published: February 2025

The article presents the forms of disobedience and misconduct which were inherent to the vakhman staff` way in the Belzec death camp in 1942–1943. The research is based on the archival sources. It is found out that the most common form of resistance was escape. It is shown that the main reason of escape acts were the denunciation and the mutual distrust among the prisoners of war and german staff. This made it impossible for the Vakhmans to revolt collectively, and the coalition of these groups with other personnel, such as the Kappos, and made it possible for the camp security to respond in a timely manner. We found out that the escapes of the vakhmans had several stages: from the isolated cases, widespread at the beginning of the Belzec death camp existence, to organized groups that have become common since the autumn of 1942. We also found that another common type of offenses were the theft of the property of the killed camp prisoners, the various mechanisms used by the vakhmans were charted, and how the German staff tried to prevent it. The main problems of studying this issue are highlighted: contradictions in the dates of events and the lack of truth from witnesses. It is stated that there was a different system of punishment, for different ethnic groups of vakhman. The misconduct and offenses of the vakhmans, including theft, various violations of discipline, and fights are analyzed. We assume that the cause of most of the offenses was excessive consumption of alcohol. Various types of punishment – from imprisonment to were characterized. All above mentioned makes it possible to argue that the Vakhmans were not only the “tools” of the Reinhard Operation, but also a destructive factor in in its implementation.
«Злочин і покарання»: історія Петра Кубіса – коменданта нацистського табору військовополонених у Дніпропетровську
Authors: Чепурко О. О. , Бойко О. В.
Published: February 2025

Уперше предметом дослідження є постать Петра Кубіса та його діяльність на посаді коменданта нацистськоготабору радянських військовополонених в окупованому Дніпропетровську. Здійснено реконструкцію біографії ПетраКубіса, проаналізовано документи його архівно-слідчої справи; встановлено факт існування табору для радянськихвійськовополонених на території Дніпропетровського металургійного заводу «Комінтерн» в 1942–1943 рр.; охарактеризовано режим і порядок утримання військовополонених, особливості їхньої праці та забезпечення; розкрито обставини арешту, процес досудового розслідування і зміст обвинувачень П. Кубіса радянськими слідчимиорганами «Смерш», а також з’ясовано остаточні результати розгляду його справи (вирок і покарання).
Повоєнні судові процеси над організаторами та виконавцями «Операції 1005» та їх відображення в німецькій пресі 60х років ХХ століття.
Authors: Шляхтич Р. П.
Published: February 2025

У дослідженні пропонується аналіз судового процесу у Штутгарті наприкінці 1960х років, коли на лаві підсудних опинились виконавці «Операції 1005». В 1942 році, для того щоб приховати сліди своїх злочинів, головно жертв масових вбивств, на окупованих нацистами територіях відбувається «Операція 1005». В ході її реалізації в місцях масових вбивств відбувалось спалення трупів та знищення інших слідів нацистських злочинів. Саме цей злочин став предметом деяких повоєнних судових процесів у ФРН, зокрема і у Штутгарті.
Ідеологія та практика нацизму в контексті сучасних викликів (Рецензія на монографію: Давлєтов О. НСДАП: від ідеології антисемітизму до Голокосту (1919–1939 рр.). Дніпро: Український інститут вивчення Голокосту «Ткума»; ПП «Ліра ЛТД», 2023. 304 с.).
Authors: Нечаєва-Юрійчук Н. В. , Троян С. С.
Published: February 2025

Наукове дослідження присвячене аналізу сутності націонал-соціалізму та фашизму, їхніх ідеологічних і політичних джерел, місця в історії світової цивілізації. Автор опрацював значний масив джерел і літератури, підібрав оригінальний ілюстративний матеріал. Праця О. Давлєтова спонукає до подальших пошуків відповідей на питання щодо ролі та місця націонал-соціалізму в історії світової цивілізації, його наслідків для наступних поколінь.
Türkiye’de yenilenebilir enerji üretiminin ihracata etkisi
Authors: Yıldız Tolunay
Published: February 2025

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'deki yenilenebilir enerji üretiminin ihracata etkisi incelenmiştir. Özellikle Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklarını Destekleme Mekanizması (YEKDEM) çerçevesinde yürütülen politikaların yenilenebilir enerji üretimindeki yeri incelenmiştir. Yıllık yenilenebilir enerji üretim verileri ile ihracat verileri arasındaki ilişkiyi anlamak amacıyla regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Analiz sonuçları, yenilenebilir enerji üretiminin Türkiye'nin ihracatını olumlu yönde etkilediği ve artırdığı sonucuna varmaktadır.
НАПОЇ ЯК НЕЗАМІННИЙ КОМПОНЕНТ РАЦІОНУ ХАРЧУВАННЯ СПОРТСМЕНІВ
Authors: Біленька І. Р. , Тележенко Л. М. , Біленький П. К.
Published: February 2025

Анотація.  Високим досягненням у професійному спорті передують надмірні фізичні, психоемоційні навантаження під час тренувань та змагань, при яких в організмі спортсмена відбуваються порушення гідробалансу, водно-сольового обміну та інші процеси, які призводять не тільки до втоми та погіршення самопочуття, а й до виникнення певних захворювань. Вирішити ці проблеми можливо завдяки введенню у раціони харчування спортивних напоїв, ринок яких в Україні тільки починає розвиватися, а продукція, що представлена у спеціалізованих магазинах, переважно імпортного виробництва. Слід також врахувати, що дедалі більше людей в Україні виявляють увагу до здорового способу життя, в якому заняття спортом є невід’ємною частиною. У статті наведено аналіз літературних джерел щодо використання напоїв у харчуванні спортсменів. Проаналізовано сучасний ринок вітчизняних спортивних продуктів, серед яких значне місце належить спортивним напоям спрямованої фізіологічної дії. Визначено, що вода і напої є рідинами, які мають різну дію на організм людини. Розглянуті питання, пов’язані зі споживанням різних видів спортивних напоїв в залежності від фізичного навантаження. Розглянуто вплив води на організм спортсменів як рецептурної складової напоїв з метою підтримки водного та водно-сольового балансів в організмі спортсмена. Показано, що під час занять спортом відбувається зневоднення організму спортсмена, що впливає на його аеробну працездатність. Наведена класифікація спеціалізованих спортивних напоїв в залежності від досягнення поставленої мети, приведена їх характеристика та визначено цільове призначення кожної категорії напоїв. Розглянута класифікація напоїв за вмістом вуглеводів та електролітів. Показано, що електроліти, які містяться в напоях сприяють відновленню рівня мінеральних речовин в організмі, які швидко втрачаються через потовиділення під час фізичної активності. За наявності дефіциту мінеральних речовин в організмі спортсменів їхні фізичні можливості знижуються, тому важливим є дослідження ролі мінеральних речовин в організмі спортсмена. Вказані природні джерела мінеральних речовин, які можуть бути використані в якості рецептурних інгредієнтів при розробці спеціалізованих напоїв. Спеціалізовані напої підвищують переносимість надмірних навантажень, а також опірність як до психоемоційних стресових ситуацій, так і до несприятливих зовнішніх факторів, у т.ч. пов’язаних з кліматичними змінами, де можуть відбуватися змагання. У статті привернута увага емульсійним напоям, які можуть одночасно постачати до організму людини білки, жири, вуглеводи у рекомендованому співвідношенні, а також харчові волокна, органічні кислоти, вітаміни, мікроелементи та біологічно активні сполуки. Надані рекомендації щодо використання напоїв у харчуванні спортсменів.
Linguistic and behavioral alignment in writing: A scoping review
Authors: Vasylets Olena , Marín Javier
Published: February 2025

This article reports on a scoping review of the literature exploring the alignment between behavioral and linguistic units in L1 and L2 writing. Behavioral units in writing were assessed using keystroke logging measures of pauses, bursts, and revisions. Linguistic units were operationalized based on lexical and syntactic definitions from the literature. Nine empirical studies met the inclusion criteria. Most of these studies focused on L1 English writing by adult participants, although some explored other first languages, such as German, Dutch, and French. The identified L2 studies focused exclusively on English. Due to the limited number and high heterogeneity of the studies, no definitive conclusions can be drawn. However, meaningful links between behavioral and linguistic units were detected. In addition to confirming some previously known phenomena, the studies provided new evidence on online processing during pauses, revealed certain idiosyncrasies in L1 versus L2 writing cognition, and offered new insights into the nature of revision. We provide a critical interpretation of the results, propose new research directions, and recommend solutions.
Pauses during a writing process in two typologically different languages
Authors: Ivaska Ilmari , Toropainen Outi , Lahtinen Sinikka
Published: February 2025

This study investigates how pausing behaviour within a writing session is associated with the writer's language proficiency, focusing on Finnish and Swedish as both first language (L1) and learner language (L2). The data were collected through keyboard logging software and evaluated using CEFR-based assessments of the resulting texts. The relationship was analysed using ordinal mixed-effects logistic regression modelling, where proficiency is modelled as a function of various variables related to pausing behaviour. The results show that the L2 writing process reflects the writer's proficiency. However, there is a significant difference between L2 writers of Swedish and L2 writers of Finnish compared to L1 writers. The advanced L2 writers of Swedish behave similarly to the L1 Swedish writers. In contrast, even the most advanced L2 writers of Finnish have pause lengths and linguistic contexts that are more similar to the less advanced L2 writers than the L1 writers. In addition, the pauses between words do not indicate any clear proficiency-related patterning, leaving only within-word pauses as a robust indicator of proficiency, especially in Swedish. Unlike most writing process research, this study's parallel design allows for contrasting two typologically diverging languages while controlling for other contextual variables. Future studies could explore the grammatical nature of pause locations across the analysed languages.
Units of linguistic analysis in written production: From the case of enunciative irruptions
Authors: Mahrer Rudolf , Zuccarino Giovanni
Published: February 2025

This contribution aims to address the following question: "What types of linguistic units constitute a step in writing process?". The authors propose a pragmatics of the textualization process, emphasizing the significance of operations in constructing meaning during the production of text. Using the example of "enunciative irruptions", they explore the difference between edition (i.e. mental elaboration of the linguistic signs to be emitted) and emission units, revealing instances where verbal elements are born during emission. The study concludes with a phenomenology of textualization, interpreting these operations as meaningful behaviors that reflect the writer's process of discovery and self-construction. The authors argue for a closer examination of production writings, despite the lack of direct temporal data, as it aligns the analyst with the writer's use of this type of documents experience and emphasizes the importance of textualization operations over pauses in understanding the dynamics of written production.
The Shell Seeker: Oyster Larvae Sampling with the PlanktoScope v2
Authors: Milton Marco , Cosper Kendall , Du Clos Kevin
Published: February 2025

This protocol is for sampling oyster larvae using a battery-powered pump and the PlanktoScope flow through an imaging system. Oyster reefs can only grow when larval recruitment exceeds adult mortality, so quantifying larval abundances is crucial for protecting and restoring of reefs. Oyster larvae are difficult to study in the field, however, due to their low and patchy abundances, so field measurements are rare. We developed this protocol to facilitate rapid and repeatable field measurements of oyster larval abundance.
Protocol to isolate and fix nuclei from flash frozen mouse brain for IGVF SHARE-seq v1
Authors: Rebboah Elisabeth
Published: February 2025

This protocol describes isolation of nuclei from brain tissues of 10-week-old B6J and CASTJ mice, preparation of a single nucleus suspension, selection for nuclei using Miltenyi Biotec’s Anti-Nucleus MicroBeads, and fixation for SHARE-seq using part of the Broad Institute protocol. We processed 8 samples at once (2 males and 2 females per strain) with two technicians in parallel. This protocol takes about 3 hours from start to finish. We have successfully tested this protocol with mouse brain cortex (either left or right side) and diencephalon (thalamus+hypothalamus)+pituitary.
smFISH in C. elegans embryos v1
Authors: Breimann Laura
Published: February 2025

This protocol walks through the different steps of RNA smFISH for C. elegans embryos. It discusses probe design, sample preparation, staining, mounting and imaging steps. The goal of the protocol is prepare C. elegans embryos optimally for staining, while preserving structure and mRNA of the samples. A successful staining results in low background and high SNR staining of the target mRNA.
SeV fluorescent reporter virus titration by TCID50 v1
Authors: Lopez Carolina
Published: February 2025

Protocol to titer rSeV carrying a fluorescent reporter
Protocol for Gibson Assembly (NEBuilder® HiFi DNA Assembly) v2
Authors: Lopez Carolina
Published: February 2025

Procedure for cloning using Gibson Assembly NEBuilder‱HiFi DNA Assembly Master Mix
ELT Textbook Development: Bridging the Gap Between Theory and Practice
Authors: Erkir Sarp , Alkhaldi Ali Ata
Published: February 2025

This study explores ways in which textbook development can play a crucial role in bridging the gap between theory and practice in English language teaching (ELT), specifically focusing on English as a Second Language (ESL) materials. Textbooks play a pivotal role in ELT instruction; however, their impact in practice often fails to meet their theoretical intentions. This research investigates how ELT textbook development, when guided by the principles of second language acquisition (SLA), can more effectively address the diverse needs of learners while meeting the contextual demands of various educational environments. Following a qualitative approach involving ESL teachers, this study examines the existence and/or lack of alignment between national language education goals, such as fluency, and the structure and content of available ELT textbooks. It also aims to highlight areas where this alignment can be further improved. Findings of the study point to a clear need for culturally relevant, flexible, and inclusive ELT textbooks that not only foster communicative skills, but also cater to diverse learner preferences, and also facilitate the creative practices of teachers. This study has suggested some principles for developing ELT textbooks. Recommendations for continued research into textbook evaluation and development are also made to support ESL instructors further in diverse settings.
Vietnamese Intermediate-Level EFL Students’ Perceptions of the Effects of the Instructor’s Use of Persuasive Graphic Organizer on Speaking Performance
Authors: Nguyen Phat H. , Nguyen Phuong Nam T.
Published: February 2025

The current study elucidated Vietnamese intermediate-level EFL students’ perceptions of the effects of the instructor’s use of persuasive graphic organizer, a teaching scaffold for speaking, on speaking performance and self-efficacy during speaking practice. Three classes, comprising a total of 89 Vietnamese undergraduate students at intermediate level enrolled in a General English 4 course at a university, were purposively selected for the experimental phase. Participants completed persuasive graphic organizer in each speaking lesson as a scaffold to enhance their speaking performance. At the end of the training course, all participants completed a 36-item questionnaire covering seven dimensions related to the effectiveness of the graphic organizer on speaking performance. Results from the quantitative strand indicated that students demonstrated (i) a higher level of interest in the scaffold, (ii) a higher level of speaking self-efficacy, (iii) self-perceived effective use of the strategy as well as (iv) developing speaking skills. The last part of this paper will discuss the scaffold’s utilization and impacts on Vietnamese EFL learners’ language acquisition in a real classroom context.
EFL Students' Experiences of Burnout in a 3-Semester Academic Year: The Role of Enjoyment and Grit
Authors: Almutlaq Sana A. , Alsaleh Ziyad M.
Published: February 2025

This study takes a closer look at how grit, burnout, and foreign language enjoyment (FLE) interact among Saudi EFL learners over the course of a three-semester academic year. The research emphasizes just how much these factors can influence students’ learning experiences and academic results. By focusing on grit and enjoyment as potential protective factors, the study sheds light on ways educators can better support student well-being and improve language learning outcomes. Using structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the proposed relationships, the study found that enjoyment plays a key role in mediating the connection between grit and burnout. These findings provide valuable insights for EFL teachers and suggest strategies that could help reduce burnout and create a more positive learning environment.
Exploring YouTube-Based Learning in Boosting EFL Learners’ Speaking Competence and Learning Autonomy
Authors: Menggo Sebastianus , Widiasri Dewa Ayu , Krismayani Ni Wayan , Susanto Indra
Published: February 2025

The exploration of YouTube-based learning in the context of speaking classes has been limited. However, utilizing YouTube as a learning tool holds the potential for students to improve their speaking skills and English learning autonomy. This study aimed to investigate the impact of utilizing YouTube as a learning platform on the development of students' speaking abilities and English learning autonomy. The present study used a quasi-experimental, with the speaking scoring rubric being applied as the research instrument. The researcher administered pre-and post-tests to assess how the YouTube-based teaching technique affected students' speaking competence and learning autonomy. The research sample consisted of 55 students from the English study program at Universitas Katolik Indonesia Santu Paulus Ruteng, who were selected using a simple random sampling procedure. Findings indicate that the average score of the experimental group (72.69) was higher than the control group (66.15). YouTube-based learning has also successfully promoted students' autonomous speaking practice (4.12), indicating a high level of learning autonomy. The findings suggest the substantial impact of utilizing YouTube as a platform for facilitating the achievement of speaking competence.
Instructional Technology and Learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL): Insights Into Digital Literacy From Saudi Environment
Authors: Deen Abdul Aziz Mohamed Mohamed Ali El , Mahmoud Montasser Mohamed Abdelwahab
Published: February 2025

This study delves into the utilization of Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs) in the context of learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL) among students enrolled at the College of Languages and Translation, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU). Within the academic context, the incorporation of Learning Management Systems (LMSs), such as Blackboard, represents a significant aspect of educational technology aimed at enhancing the integrated teaching and learning process. This study employs a mixed-methods, descriptive-explanatory design, using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. It collected, analyzed, and systematized data from 310 students, who represented various levels of English proficiency, drawn from a total population of 598 students. The study provided valuable insights into the capabilities and advantages of using LMSs as teaching aids in EFL education. Additionally, it offered recommendations for optimizing the use of these pedagogical tools, based on current research and practical suggestions from the students. This research also highlights several avenues for future investigation in the field of EFL instruction and educational technology.
A Flight of Stairs in “Home Burial”
Authors: Zhang Junli , Zhao Xue
Published: February 2025

Robert Frost is very good at using metaphors in his poems. The employment of metaphors endows his poems with rich emotions and thought, which is probably what Frost calls “emotion has found thought and thought has found words”. The loss of a child, in “Home Burial”, brings about the vastly different views of the husband and wife towards family, love, and children. The half-shut and half-open door is often taken as an example by scholars to symbolize the deadlock the couple is in. In fact, that flight of stairs is also symbolic of the separation and isolation of this couple. The setting of the poem is the staircase of the house, which will show how the position of the husband and wife in relation to the stairs influences their right of speech.
Morphosemantic Role of the Regular Plural Morpheme Within English Compounds
Authors: Alshehri Amira Abdullah
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the semantic role of the regular plural morpheme in the modifiers of English compounds (e.g., publications catalogue, weapons inspection), specifically examining whether this morpheme functions solely as a grammatical connector or also contributes semantic meaning. Sixty-seven monolingual native English speakers rated the acceptability of 80 sentences containing novel compounds with a medial regular plural morpheme. The compounds were divided into two types: those referring to many tokens of the same entity, such as *cars collection, and those referring to multiple types within a category, such as vehicles exhibition. The results revealed a statistically significant preference for compounds referring to multiple types, with participants rating these compounds as more acceptable than those indicating many tokens of the same entity. Such results provide evidence that the regular plural morpheme inside compounds contributes to semantic distinctions when it denotes categorical diversity. The findings have important implications for linguistic theory, demonstrating that the regular plural morpheme within compounds is not simply a grammatical linking element observed in noun compounds of other Germanic languages, but rather one that carries morphosemantic weight. In conclusion, the study argues that the regular plural within compounds operates similarly to lexical plurals, contributing semantic distinctions beyond its function as an inflectional marker.
A Proposed Genre Task-Based Syllabus for the Legal Translation Classroom
Authors: Salamah Dania A.
Published: February 2025

In light of the importance of legal translation in the context of Saudi Arabia, this paper attempts to propose a genre task-based syllabus for teaching legal translation in translator training programs in higher education institutions. The proposed syllabus integrates task-based teaching and genre-based teaching due to the relevance of both approaches to translation teaching. Borrowed from the field of language teaching, task-based teaching naturally lends itself to teaching translation since language tasks and translation tasks have several aspects in common; they both perform communicative functions, have clear outcomes, and require linguistic and non-linguistic knowledge and skills. Furthermore, the role of genre in translation and translator training is also significant due to the linguistic and communicative features unique to different types of texts that require training and experience. For this reason, developing genre awareness among trainee translators is necessary to equip them with the knowledge that enables them to navigate the translation decision-making process. The objective of the proposed syllabus was to implement a genre-based translator training model using a task cycle that is suitable for translation teaching. Upon implementation, it is anticipated that the proposed syllabus will achieve the intended learning outcomes by developing the trainees’ translation competence and raising their awareness of the features of the legal genre.
Virtual Linguistic Landscape in Saudi Arabia: A Sociosemiotic Analysis of Three Entertainment Events
Authors: Alkhalil Samar F. A.
Published: February 2025

Given the widespread use of social media where communication can take different shapes, this study explores the virtual linguistic landscape of three entertainment events held in Saudi Arabia: Riyadh Season, Diriyah Season, and Jeddah Season. Using a sociosemiotic approach, the study quantitively and qualitatively analyses 210 images of promotional materials posted on the X accounts of these events. It examines the choice of languages, the prominence given to the selected languages, and the form of language presentation, including the order of languages, font size, amount of information, and translation of texts in the bi/multilingual signs. The analysis reveals a coexistence of Arabic and English, with Arabic being more preferred in bi/multilingual signs and English predominating in monolingual signs. Chinese has a minimal presence, which suggests a growing appreciation or demand for it in accordance with current trends in the country. The study provides insight into how linguistic practices adapt to social changes and trends nationwide.
Attitudes of Upper Primary and Secondary Students Towards Writing and Its Relationship to Their Practice of Written Topics From Their Teachers’ Viewpoint in Jordan
Authors: Mistareehi Hussein H. , Alsous Sameer A.
Published: February 2025

The study aimed to explore the attitudes of upper primary and secondary school students toward writing and how these attitudes relate to their engagement with written assignments, as perceived by their teachers in Jordan. Utilizing a descriptive and correlational approach, the research sample included 144 randomly chosen Arabic language teachers from Amman's Directorate of Education of the University Brigade. Data was collected through a questionnaire. Findings revealed a statistically significant positive correlation between students' attitudes towards writing and their engagement with written tasks. Students' attitudes were generally average, with variations based on gender (favouring females), school stage (favouring upper primary, secondary, and upper secondary levels), school type (favouring government schools), and years of experience (favouring those with 11-15 years). There were no significant differences in overall writing practices by sex, scientific qualification, or school stage. However, practices varied with years of experience (favouring those with 1-5 years) and did not favour government schools.
The Phonological Adaptation of English Loanwords in Jizani Arabic: An OT Analysis
Authors: Bosli Raneem
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a phonological analysis of English loanwords within Jizani Arabic (JA). JA is a Saudi dialect spoken in the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia, specifically in Jizan City, the capital of Jazan province. This study investigates the phonological adaptation of loanwords at both the segmental and suprasegmental levels using optimality theory (OT) constraints (Prince & Smolensky, 1993, 2004). A corpus consisting of 114 English loanwords that have been integrated into JA was analysed using the data elicitation technique. The study’s 15 participants are monolingual native speakers of JA. The results of the segmental adaptation show that JA speakers tend to use a process of nativisation to replace the sounds of both consonants and vowels in English loanwords that do not exist in JA with phonemes that are available in JA’s phonemic inventory. At the suprasegmental level, the stress of the loanwords falls on the heaviest syllable, following the stress pattern that governs words that are original to JA.
Dissecting the Rise of Ideological Constructs in Educators’ Pedagogical Discourse: A Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Hasnah Yenni , Saragih Amrin , Murni Sri M.
Published: February 2025

Contemporary classrooms have undergone significant transformations, evolving from a primary emphasis on acquiring knowledge to a crucial role in shaping individual ideologies among learners. Thus, the current inquiry intends to shed light on the means by which the instructional discourse enacted by teachers in the classroom raises the ideologies of learners. In order to acquire a set of representative data, an in-depth examination of the pedagogical discourse articulated by distinct educators was undertaken. It is posited that the application of Fairclough’s (1992) CDA framework encompassing text analysis, discursive practice, and social practice is considered pertinent for critically unveiling the underlying ideological constructs that emerged within the discourses. The research findings meticulously delineate ideologies that incorporate the principles of academic integrity and diligence, self-reflection and emotional awareness, critical thinking and independence, inclusivity and engagement, resilience, and continuous improvement. These elements are prominently highlighted and strongly promoted in academic contexts, especially in educational settings. To proficiently bolster the previously mentioned ideologies, language fulfills a crucial role in the complex mechanisms of ideological dissemination by utilizing a blend of imperatives, conditional frameworks, reflective and open-ended questions, and colloquial expressions, alongside a supportive tone and humor. The proactive endorsement and nurturing of diverse ideological frameworks significantly contribute to the comprehensive development of students, enhancing their progression not solely in academic pursuits but also in personal and social spheres. Hence, it is imperative to integrate various ideological frameworks into the classroom to embody the students' holistic development.
Power Reflections in the Illocutionary Acts of Consumers and Drivers in the Indonesian Context
Authors: Risnawati Eris , Gunawan Wawan , Fatinova Dede , Kurniawan Muh. Ardian , Setyawan Harits , Mubarok Yasir
Published: February 2025

Speech acts between speakers and hearers are quite diverse and interesting in heterogeneous social interactions. This study aims to reveal how illocutionary speech acts are manifested between consumers and drivers within the Gojek application. This study used qualitative method. The data source, which was 55 conversations in the Gojek App, was collected in January-July 2024. After the data is collected, it is then classified the type of illocutionary, based on Searle's (1969) theory. The results showed that there were 55 data of illocutionary speech acts found, as many as 20 (36%) assertive speech acts, 27 (49%) directive speech acts, 2 (4%) commissive speech acts and 6 (11%) expressive speech acts. In this study, the most dominant illocutionary speech acts were directive illocutionary acts with 27 data. Directive speech acts with commanding functions have the greatest data, specifically 24 data. This shows that the driver is a service worker, while the customer is a service tenant; hence, in acting speech, the customer has more ordering rights than the driver, as the customer is viewed as the superior party and the driver is viewed as the subordinate party.
“Modest Proposals”: Ironic Discursive Acts Against China’s Three-Child Policy From Weibo Users
Authors: Zhang Yifen
Published: February 2025

This study adds to the growing literature on irony in Chinese social media through a case study of 39 “modest proposals” for enforcing China’s three-child policy on Weibo. Using the media discourse analysis approach, this study highlights the interplay of language, culture and media within the framework of the pretense theory of irony. Six frequent themes of “modest proposals” were analysed in detail. This study suggests that by means of “modest proposals” for promoting fertility, Weibo users intended to implicitly communicate criticism of the three-child policy and those who advocated or stipulated it, and demonstrate communal discursive acts against mainstream discourses and dominant ideology. This study not only demonstrates a strategy of irony in response to the three-child policy in Chinese social media, but also sheds light on the phenomenon of ironic discursive activism in Chinese cyberspace.
Using Cartoon Video-Based Instruction for Developing Oral Fluency of Jordanian Grade 4 EFL Pupils
Authors: Almawadeh Nofah Sameh
Published: February 2025

This study explored the effect of using cartoon videos on developing the oral fluency of Jordanian grade 4 EFL pupils. The participants included 42 pupils who were selected from two classes; a class of 20 pupils and a class of 22 pupils. The two classes made up the control group and the experimental group respectively. Furthermore, oral fluency pretest and posttest were designed, and the quantitative approach was used to assess the oral fluency of both groups. Significantly, the post-test results revealed differences between the scores of the control group and the experimental group, as the pupils in the experimental group had higher scores than the control group's pupils. Thus, videos had a positive effect on developing the experimental group's oral fluency. The study recommends the integration of cartoon videos-based instruction into the grade 4 EFL curriculum in Jordan.
Evaluative Language: Attitudinal Resources in Vietnamese History Textbooks
Authors: Nguyen Hong B. , Vu Hanh T. , Bui Trang T.T. , Vu Trang T.T. , Dang Ha T.K.
Published: February 2025

It is agreed by many scientists that evaluation is a very important aspect of language that merits deep investigation. However, it seems that the Vietnamese linguistic community is not very familiar with this term. In an effort to shed more light on the use of evaluative language in Vietnamese, this study looks at how evaluative language is expressed in Vietnamese History textbooks. This paper uses Martin and White's (2005) Appraisal framework to analyze how evaluative language is used in a corpus of 15 units selected from three History textbooks currently applied in high schools in Vietnam. More precisely, the study examines in-depth the frequency and realizations of various Attitudinal resources. The findings indicate that Judgment predominates among the Attitudinal resources while the language of emotional evaluation (Affect) only makes up a minor percentage. Furthermore, in terms of polarization, there are more positive evaluations than negative ones. It is hoped that the research will be useful to History textbook writers and learners/readers as well as those who are concerned about how history is conveyed in Vietnam from the perspective of evaluation through language.
Heat influence on sustainable rubberized concrete mixes
Authors:   Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq, Makki Ola Mazen
Published: February 2025

Rubberized concrete (Rubcrete) usually minimizes concrete brittleness and increases conventional concrete's energy absorption as well as the brittleness. Exposing elevated heat deteriorates the strength of traditional concrete and causes rubber dilution. The article investigated replacing aggregate with rubber to enhance the dynamic properties of concrete and discussed many parameters like replacement type, replacement amount, effect of heat and heat increment. Also, many properties, such as unit weight, compressive strength, tensile strength and modulus of rupture, were investigated and discussed for two types of rubber versus aggregate replacement and 10%,20% and 30% percentages. It was concluded that the rubcrete strength was reduced more than the normal concrete due to the presence of rubber, which made the rubber melt inside the concrete pores and caused internal residual stresses due to the hydrostatic pressure. It's not recommended to use rubberized concrete in construction sites exposed to high-temperature rise, like baking ovens or nearby, because the rubberized concrete loses its strength to the fourth or half after exposure to heat.
Investigation of CFRP strengthening efficiency experimentally and analytically on reinforced concrete beams
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Türkiye, Sengun Kadir , Arslan Guray ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Türkiye
Published: February 2025

The influence of stirrups, shear span to effective depth ratio, FRP strengthening configuration, and strip width to spacing ratio over the experimental performance of the CFRP-strengthened beams and the estimation accuracy of a total of eleven analytical expressions were evaluated in this study. The main findings obtained in the experimental investigation were as follows. CFRP Strengthening enhanced the load-carrying capacities in all series by an average of 44% with regard to the reference specimens. The use of CFRP for strengthening beams enhanced the maximum deflection and ductility of RC beams across all series. The reduction in stiffness owing to the shear cracks occurring diagonally was more apparent in the reference beams without strengthening. There was no significant difference in the failure loads and CFRP contribution to the strength of both side-bonded and U-wrapped beams when CFRP debonding controlled the failure of the specimens. The failure loads of the strengthened beams and CFRP contribution to strength occur lower as a/d increased. The shear contribution of CFRP was found to be lower in beams with stirrups compared to those without. The investigated equations had more reliable and consistent predictions in beams without stirrups in comparison to the beams with stirrups in both side-bonded and U-wrapped beams. The predictions of the ACI 440.2R, Fib-TG 9.3, CNR-DT200, and CSA-S806 yielded highly inconsistent and unconservative results when the stirrups ratio (ρw) is greater than 0.003.