bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reconstructive utilisation and outcomes following mastectomy surgery in women with breast cancer treated in England
Authors: Jeevan R
Published: August 2019

Introduction

Breast cancer usually necessitates breast-conserving surgery or mastectomy, which adversely affect appearance and wellbeing. Immediate reconstruction restores the breast mound but its availability and efficacy are uncertain.

Materials and methods

Two discrete datasets were used to evaluate mastectomies in England: Hospital Episode Statistics to measure overall activity and variation over time and by region and a national prospective audit to evaluate immediate reconstruction decision making, complication rates and patient-reported satisfaction with information, choice and outcomes.

Results

The 2005–08 Hospital Episode Statistics analyses identified 20% breast-conserving surgery reoperation rates nationally, frequently involving mastectomy. Rates were higher with in-situ disease present (30% vs 18%) and varied across NHS trusts (10th–90th centiles 12–30%). The 2008–09 national audit examined 18,216 women. The 19% immediate reconstruction rate varied regionally (9–43%), as did 2006–09 Hospital Episode Statistics data (8–32%). A total of 48% of women were offered immediate reconstruction, again varying regionally (24–75%). Offer likelihood fell with increasing age. National immediate reconstruction rates increased from 10% to 23% from 2000 to 2014, but regional variation persisted. Despite high care satisfaction, just 65% of mastectomy patients received the right amount of reconstructive information (90% for immediate reconstruction). Women from deprived areas experienced higher complication rates. Flap-based immediate reconstruction led to greater satisfaction with breast area appearance, emotional and sexual wellbeing and overall outcome than mastectomy; implant-only immediate reconstruction scored no better.

Conclusion

Reconstruction is central to improving breast cancer outcomes. The differential outcomes and persistent regional inequalities identified should facilitate decision making, support improved access to all reconstructive options and inform the development of an optimal patient pathway.
Acute cholecystitis in a patient with heterotaxic anatomy and partial situs inversus
Authors: Sheik-Ali S , Appleton S , Ojukwu N , Sheik-Ali S
Published: August 2019

It is well recognised that situs inversus totalis can make surgery challenging. However, partial situs inversus with heterotaxic anatomy has rarely been reported. While routine, the presence of symptomatic gallstones or cholecystitis can lead to a complex and difficult operation for such patients. We present the case of a patient with heterotaxic anatomy and partial situs inversus with acute cholecystitis.
Household income and sticky floors in children’s cognitive development: Evidence from the United Kingdom Millennium Cohort Study
Authors: Chzhen Yekaterina , Bruckauf Zlata
Published: August 2019

While there is a rich literature on the socio-economic gaps in children’s average cognitive test scores in the United Kingdom, there is less evidence on the differences in children’s transitions along the ability distribution. Using data from five sweeps of the UK Millennium Cohort Study at the ages of 9 months, 3 years, 5 years, 7 years and 11 years, this paper analyses the role of household income, relative to other socio-economic factors, in influencing children’s chances of moving up or down the age-specific cognitive ability distribution as they grow older. Descriptive findings indicate a high level of variability between ages 3 and 11, but children from income-poor households are more likely to get trapped in the bottom of the age-specific cognitive ability distribution. Event history analysis shows that household income protects children from falling into the lowest-performing group without necessarily helping existing low performers improve. In contrast, parental education both protects children from slipping into low performance and helps them move up if they fall into it. While this is, perhaps, disheartening because household income is more amenable to policy than parental education, there is potential for income-enhancing policies to protect children from scoring poorly in the first place.
How have women’s employment patterns during young adulthood changed in Chile? A cohort study
Authors: Madero-Cabib Ignacio , Undurraga Rosario , Valenzuela Cristián
Published: August 2019

The period of young adulthood is a decisive stage for women’s employment pathways. Individual characteristics (such as marriage, parenting and education) and contextual factors (decommodification, defamilialisation and labour-market flexibility, for example) play a significant role in shaping work trajectories during these years. However, due to cultural, social and economic change, employment histories during young adulthood may vary significantly among women of different generations. This study analyses and compares long-term employment patterns during young adulthood (defined as ages 25 to 39) among two cohorts of women born around 1958 (N = 2,244) and 1969 (N = 2,231) in Chile, an under-studied country in life-course research. We analyse four major dimensions of female employment patterns across cohorts – (1) diversity, (2) prevalence, (3) dynamism and (4) socio-demographic characteristics – and propose four corresponding hypotheses. To test these hypotheses, we used data from Chile’s Social Protection Survey – an exceptionally rich longitudinal survey – and employed sequence analysis to construct a typology of labour-force trajectories for each cohort. The results show some elements of continuity between cohorts’ employment patterns, such as their diversity and socio-demographics, as well as important changes in their prevalence and dynamism. In the concluding section, we discuss the contributions of this in-depth single-country study for the field of life-course research, particularly to the cultural and policy implications of the current configuration of women’s working lives.
Harnack inequality and an asymptotic mean-value property for the Finsler infinity-Laplacian
Authors: Mebrate Benyam , Mohammed Ahmed
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we prove a Harnack inequality for nonnegative viscosity supersolutions of nonhomogeneous equations associated with normalized Finsler infinity-Laplace operators.
Viscosity solutions to homogeneous equations are also characterized via an asymptotic mean-value property, understood in a viscosity sense.
Muscarinic Inhibition of Hypoglossal Motoneurons: Possible Implications for Upper Airway Muscle Hypotonia during REM Sleep
Authors: Zhu Lin , Chamberlin Nancy L. , Arrigoni Elda
Published: August 2019

Proper function of pharyngeal dilator muscles, including the genioglossus muscle of the tongue, is required to maintain upper airway patency. During sleep, the activity of these muscles is suppressed, and as a result individuals with obstructive sleep apnea experience repeated episodes of upper airway closure when they are asleep, in particular during rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. Blocking cholinergic transmission in the hypoglossal motor nucleus (MoXII) restores REM sleep genioglossus activity, highlighting the importance of cholinergic transmission in the inhibition of hypoglossal motor neurons (HMNs) during REM sleep. Glutamatergic afferent input from neurons in the parahypoglossal (PH) region to the HMNs is critical for MoXII respiratory motor output. We hypothesized that state-dependent cholinergic regulation may be mediated by this pathway. Here we studied the effects of cholinergic transmission in HMNs in adult male and female mice using patch-clamp recordings in brain slices. Using channelrhodopsin-2-assisted circuit mapping, we first demonstrated that PH glutamatergic neurons directly and robustly activate HMNs (PHGlut→ HMNs). We then show that carbachol consistently depresses this input and that this effect is presynaptic. Additionally, carbachol directly affects HMNs by a variable combination of muscarinic-mediated excitatory and inhibitory responses. Altogether, our results suggest that cholinergic signaling impairs upper airway dilator muscle activity by suppressing glutamatergic input from PH premotoneurons to HMNs and by directly inhibiting HMNs. Our findings highlight the complexity of cholinergic control of HMNs at both the presynaptic and postsynaptic levels and provide a possible mechanism for REM sleep suppression of upper airway muscle activity.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIndividuals with obstructive sleep apnea can breathe adequately when awake but experience repeated episodes of upper airway closure when asleep, in particular during REM sleep. Similar to skeletal postural muscles, pharyngeal dilator muscles responsible for maintaining an open upper airway become hypotonic during REM sleep. Unlike spinal motoneurons controlling postural muscles that are inhibited by glycinergic transmission during REM sleep, hypoglossal motoneurons that control the upper airway muscles are inhibited in REM sleep by the combination of monoaminergic disfacilitation and cholinergic inhibition. In this study, we demonstrated how cholinergic signaling inhibits hypoglossal motoneurons through presynaptic and postsynaptic muscarinic receptors. Our results provide a potential mechanism for upper airway hypotonia during REM sleep.
LA CIUDAD IDEAL DE ROBERT OWEN. UN ESCENARIO PLANIFICADO DEL SOCIALISMO UTÓPICO
Authors: Gómez Arciniegas Carlos Humberto
Published: August 2019

El éxito económico de algunos emprendedores británicos durante los años en que Inglaterra sufrió una grave crisis económica y el desempleo alcanzó niveles alarmantes, los condujo a pensar en transformaciones de índole social. Pionero entre estos fue el galés Robert Owen quien concibió una comunidad avanzada que residiría en una ciudad ideal a partir de su éxito como empresario en Escocia. Propuso un modelo de convivencia ideal en un edificio en un entorno rural donde un grupo de personas trabajaría y viviría felizmente. Sus postulados se basaban en la necesidad de encontrar una ocupación rentable para pobres y desempleados, apoyados en los cambios y adelantos característicos de la revolución industrial. El presente artículo se acerca inicialmente a la fundamentación de Owen para promover cambios profundos en la sociedad de esa época. Seguidamente, pasa a describir cómo se plasmaron sus ideas en un proyecto que para esos tiempos fue considerado como utópico, diseñado por un arquitecto, de quien también se hace referencia, en donde se buscaba el confort, el desarrollo humano y el mejoramiento de la producción en condiciones favorables y equilibradas. Por tanto, el artículo escudriña en la propuesta de Owen, deteniéndose en especificaciones formales y funcionales del proyecto. La parte final se refiere al ocaso de la utopía de este pre urbanista y al legado que de una u otra forma dejaron sus ideales a la sociedad actual.
EL PAISAJE AGROPECUARIO COMO REFERENTE PARA EL ORDENAMIENTO DEL TERRITORIO RURAL. UNA APROXIMACIÓN AL CASO DEL MUNICIPIO DE ONZAGA, SANTANDER
Authors: Muñoz Zea Sandra Marcela
Published: August 2019

El presente artículo centra su atención en la importancia del concepto de los paisajes agrarios como herramienta de diagnóstico que contribuye a la formulación de acciones futuras para el ordenamiento territorial rural en muchas regiones de Colombia. Se parte, por tanto, de una aproximación a la normativa colombiana, específicamente en lo concerniente a la aprehensión del territorio rural, evidenciándose un desconocimiento gubernamental sobre la complejidad del componente territorial. Posteriormente, se desarrolla un ejercicio de análisis con base en experiencias y avances académicos realizados especialmente en Europa, donde se asumen las unidades productivas agropecuarias (UPA) como referentes de la expresión paisajística agraria, dada la complejidad de su estructura, de su conformación, así como su injerencia sobre el paisaje que se establece. Sucesivamente, se explora el concepto de “paisaje” en la planificación del territorio, ligado en particular al paisaje agrario y a sus connotaciones. Por tanto, se acude también a estudio de casos, los cuales contribuyen a crear puntos de reflexión para el conocimiento del paisaje agrario a partir de buenas prácticas documentadas a través de la investigación. En la parte conclusiva, se fortifica el concepto de unidades productivas agropecuarias (UPA) en la interpretación del territorio, lo cual abre un derrotero hacia la identificación de las características paisajísticas naturales del municipio de Onzaga. Finalmente, se articulan las debidas conclusiones del estudio presentado en el artículo, las cuales dejan claro  a intención de crear una mirada prospectiva sobre dicho territorio.
LA BASILICA MINORE DI NUESTRA SEÑORA DEL SOCORRO E IL SUO GRADO DI SICUREZZA STRUTTURALE
Authors: Paradiso Michele , Gómez Arciniegas Carlos Humberto
Published: August 2019

L’articolo si riferisce allo stato di degrado strutturale della Basilica Minore della città di Socorro nella Regione di Santander (Colombia). La Concattedrale di Socorro, recentemente elevata al rango di Basilica Minore, ha meno di un secolo di vita e presenta un quadro fessurativo critico a tal punto da sollecitare la massima urgena per gli interventi di salvaguardia. Dopo un breve escursus storico e la descrizione dell’impianto architettonico, si descrive nel dettagli il quadro fessurativo, alla data del marzo 2017. La Concattedrale presenta un tipico meccanismo di collasso che consiste nello scivolamento verso il basso dei conci dei grandi archi e delle piattabande delle grandi aperture sui fronti estreni. Tale tipo di meccanismo é ascrivibile ad azioni di tipo cinematico, riconducibili a cedimenti fondali. Sopratutto si raccontano le vicende che hanno accompagnato, dal novembre 2016 al maggio 2017, un tentativo, poi fallito, di intervento tecnico da parte delle istituzioni preposte alla salvaguardia del bene, dichiarato peraltro monumento nazionale, fallimento dovuto, in base alle conclusioni della ricerca effettuata, alla mancanza di un piano strategico di salvaguardia del patrimonio storico del Socorro.
LA GUADUA E L’INFORMALE. LA CONOSCENZA STRUTTURALE E LA QUALIFICAZIONE DEI MATERIALI NATURALI NEL BARRIO DE INVASIÓN NUEVA ESPERANZA, KM41, MANIZALES, COLOMBIA
Authors: Paradiso Michele , Muñoz Robledo José Fernando , Galmarini Bianca , D’Ippolito Valentina
Published: August 2019

Nueva Esperanza è un insediamento di tipo informale situato nella regione andina colombiana, nel Dipartimento di Caldas, a cavallo del Río Cauca e sulla via che collega Manizales a Medellín. Come occupazione autogestita con ambizione di legalizzazione, è un modello non estraneo alla gestione colombiana, la cui emergenza abitativa è il risultato dell’instabilità politica e della lunga condizione di guerriglia, concentrata soprattutto in scenario rurale. Il lavoro che presentiamo investiga le forme dell’abitare sviluppatesi in questa comunità, alla luce delle differenti origini sociali e geografiche, formazione e competenze dei residenti. L’oggetto della ricerca è lo studio delle modalità di autocostruzione delle abitazioni in materiali locali (guadua angustifolia) e dell’efficacia delle soluzioni tecniche e costruttive adottate in tale contesto. Conseguente ai risultati dell’attività di rilievo e restituzione dei manufatti architettonici è l’individuazione di tre casi studio rappresentativi per diversi livelli di qualità d’esecuzione, qualità di conservazione, complessità della composizione. Si intravede, allora, un progetto ex novo che assolverà alla duplice intenzione di realizzare un luogo di socializzazione (ad oggi assente) e di sperimentare un cantiere autogestito a scopo didattico, per la valorizzazione del materiale e della tecnologia opportuna al fine di una ricostruzione consapevole delle abitazioni.
USAGE OF BAMBOO POWDER AS AN ADDITIVE IN ADOBE BRICKS AND BAMBOO CANES FRAME FOR THE REINFORCEMENT OF ADOBE STRUCTURE
Authors: Paradiso Michele , Cruz Hernández Ricardo Alfredo , Bizzeti Francesca , Farigu Antonio , Lotti Olimpia
Published: August 2019

The research shows the possibility to improve the resistance of adobe constructions using as a product, the processing waste, the bamboo powder. It can be used as additive in the mixture of the adobe bricks, increasing substantially their resistance. Those new bricks could be combined with an external reinforcement made by bamboo canes. Under normal operating conditions, the bamboo reinforcement does not collaborate with the adobe structure, but in case of strong exceptional events it is able to avoid the collapse of adobe walls. The tested solutions suit to solve many problems in crucial contexts in Latin America. In fact, this system can be built as self-construction, in environmental extremely precarious conditions, and it is also part of the traditional building knowledge of the populations to which it is addressed.
TIMBER STRUCTURAL TECHNIQUES FROM THE DAWN OF THE CIVILIZATION TO THE EXPANSION OF CITIES IN THE XIX CENTURY IN EUROPE AND ITS COLONIES
Authors: Perria Elena
Published: August 2019

This paper is a general description of the state-of-the-art on the European and colonial building techniques found in wooden buildings that currently exist. The description of the use and diffusion of the wooden structures is made by a brief explanation of the relative structural systems, as well as the peculiarities of the elements that compose it, its operating principles, the points of weakness and the joints used. Thus, the English and German techniques of structural timber frameworks are described in detail. On the other hand, other structural techniques and their evolution are presented through a review of works and documents that describe them accurately.
Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for Hanoi city
Authors: Truyen Pham The , Phuong Nguyen Hong
Published: August 2019

In this study, the methodology of probabilistic seismic hazard assessment proposed by Cornell and Esteva in 1968 was applied for Hanoi city, using an earthquake catalog updated until 2018 and a comprehensive seismotectonic model of the territory of Vietnam and adjacent sea areas. Statistical methods were applied for declustering the earthquake catalog, then the maximum likelihood method was used to estimate the parameters of the Gutenberg–Richter Law and the maximum magnitude for each seismic source zone. Two GMPEs proposed by Campbell & Bozorgnia (2008) and Akkar et al., (2014) were selected for use in hazard analysis. Results of PSHA for Hanoi city are presented in the form of probabilistic seismic hazard maps, depicting peak horizontal ground acceleration (PGA) as well as 5-hertz (0.2 sec period) and 1-hertz (1.0 sec. period) spectral accelerations (SA) with 5-percent damping on a uniform firm rock site condition, with 10%, 5%, 2% and 0,5% probability of exceedance in 50 years, corresponding to return times of 475; 975; 2,475 and 9,975 years, respectively. The results of PSHA show that, for the whole territory of Hanoi city, for all four return periods, the predicted PGA values correspond to the intensity of VII to IX degrees according to the MSK-64 scale. As for the SA maps, for all four return periods, the predicted SA values at 1.0 s period correspond to the intensity of VI to VII, while the predicted SA values at 0.2 s period correspond to the intensity of VIII to X according to the MSK-64 scale. This is the last updated version of the probabilistic seismic hazard maps of Hanoi city. The 2019 probabilistic seismic hazard maps of Hanoi city display earthquake ground motions for various probability levels and can be applied in seismic provisions of building codes, insurance rate structures, risk assessments, and other public policy.
Spatial distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in An Chan coastal waters, Phu Yen province using the PlanetScope satellite image
Authors: Hang Nguyen Thi Thu , Hoa Nguyen Thai , Tu Nguyen Van , Lam Nguyen Ngoc
Published: August 2019

Seaweed and seagrass form marine submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), which plays an essential role in economic development and ecological protection in coastal areas. In this study, PlanetScope (PS )imaging data was combined with in situ samplings to demonstrate their ability to map SAV distribution in An Chan commune, Tuy An district, Phu Yen province, Central Vietnam. Thanks to data pre-processing by  Lyzenga’s algorithm and the masking in PS image allow us to remove partly the signals of spectral noises from sun glint effect as well as other random noises. The analysis and accuracy assessment of  SAV classification by four different techniques: DII, enhanced DII, BRI and enhanced BRI were alternately performed. The overall accuracy in the accuracy assessment of SAV classification by the above techniques were alternately 83.33%, 88.58%, 86.17%, and 92.52% respectively. Kappa coefficients in the accuracy assessment of SAV classification by the above techniques were alternately  0.77, 0.84, 0.81 and 0.90 respectively. The results of SAV classification by enhanced BRI technique provided the best accuracies and will be chosen for assessing the distribution of  Submerge  Aquatic Vegetation (SAV) canopies in An Chan coastal waters from PS satellite image. The seagrass beds in An Chan is spread along the coast as well as lie close to the coast of islets. Whereas, the seaweed meadows lie in deeper waters and in the foot of the reefs in 3–4m deep. The total seagrass area in An Chan region was approximately 12.22 ha, with 10.93 ha seagrasses in My Quang, 1.18 ha in Hon Chua and 0.11 ha in Hon Dua. The total seaweed area in An Chan region was approximately 50.32 ha, with 20.20 ha seaweed meadows in My Quang, 22.8 ha in Hon Chua, 5.72 ha in Hon Dua and a small part of 1.60 ha in underwater small reefs.
Granger causality of the socioeconomic development indicator on fiscal management of Brazilian municipalities
Authors: Louzano João Paulo de Oliveira , Abrantes Luiz Antonio , Ferreira Marco Aurélio Marques , Zuccolotto Robson
Published: August 2019

Resumo A relação entre gestão fiscal e desenvolvimento tem sido objeto de muitos estudos aplicados, mas ainda são incipientes os trabalhos que investigam a relação de causalidade entre eles. Partindo da hipótese de que a eficiência na gestão fiscal resultaria em melhores indicadores socioeconômicos municipais, o objetivo desta pesquisa consistiu em investigar a relação entre gestão fiscal e desenvolvimento em 4.317 municípios brasileiros, no período de 2006 a 2013. Adotou-se o modelo de regressão com dados em painel e aplicação de causalidade de Granger. Os resultados indicaram a inexistência de relação de causalidade entre gestão fiscal e desenvolvimento e confirmou a relação de causalidade do desenvolvimento para a gestão fiscal, demonstrando que nem sempre a gestão fiscal eficiente sinaliza o uso eficiente dos recursos públicos para promover o desenvolvimento.
Ultrasound elastography in the evaluation of thyroid nodules: evolution of a promising diagnostic tool for predicting the risk of malignancy
Authors: Moraes Pedro Henrique de Marqui , Sigrist Rosa , Takahashi Marcelo Straus , Schelini Marcelo , Chammas Maria Cristina
Published: August 2019

Abstract The elastic properties of tissue have always been of interest in clinical practice. In the past, the identification of structures that were stiffer on physical palpation would raise the suspicion that “there was something wrong”. With the development and advancement of medicine, there proved to be a true correlation in the prediction of malignancy of a lesion: malignant disease tends to stiffen the affected tissue, either by increased cell proliferation or fibrosis. Palpation is the oldest method for the detection of thyroid nodules, which is informed by the knowledge that malignant thyroid lesions tend to be much harder than benign ones. Unfortunately, palpation is a highly subjective method that is dependent on the size and location of the lesion, as well as on the skill of the physician. In cases where these nodules are very small or are located in deep regions, their detection by palpation is difficult or even impossible. In addition, although a malignant lesion differs in terms of elasticity, it may not have echogenic properties, preventing its detection by conventional ultrasound. Imaging that indicates the stiffness or deformation of tissues, through the use of ultrasound elastography techniques, adds new information related to their structural formation. In this article, we review the basic physical principles of elastography and the evolution of the method for the evaluation of thyroid nodules, as well as the limitations of and future perspectives for its use.
Incorporação de tecnologias nos sistemas de saúde do Canadá e do Brasil: perspectivas para avanços nos processos de avaliação
Authors: Silva Hudson Pacifico da , Elias Flavia Tavares Silva
Published: August 2019

Garantir o acesso equitativo a tecnologias que têm qualidade, segurança, eficácia e custo-efetividade comprovados, bem como assegurar que sua utilização seja baseada em evidências científicas de qualidade, constitui um dos principais desafios dos modernos sistemas de saúde. A avaliação de tecnologias em saúde (ATS) é uma das estratégias mais usadas em todo o mundo para apoiar a tomada de decisão relativa às tecnologias em saúde. O objetivo do artigo é examinar como os sistemas de ATS estão organizados no Brasil e no Canadá e discutir suas implicações para o planejamento da incorporação de tecnologias no Brasil, considerando os desafios impostos pelo processo de regionalização e da constituição das redes de atenção à saúde. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, em perspectiva comparada, com base em dados secundários. Os resultados mostram que os dois países contam com sistemas de ATS fragmentados, com níveis diferenciados de maturidade. Caracterizam-se pela multiplicidade de organizações que atuam no campo da ATS, pela abrangência do escopo das atividades desenvolvidas e pela concentração das atividades em agências/órgãos nacionais. Os dois sistemas têm fragilidades, mas o caso brasileiro apresenta um conjunto de fatores (recursos insuficientes, impacto das decisões judiciais, forte dependência de tecnologias provenientes do exterior, e processos e planejamentos regionais incipientes no campo da ATS) que torna o cenário mais complexo. Argumenta-se que a estrutura regionalizada para o planejamento da incorporação de tecnologias no Canadá pode ser uma experiência interessante para o sistema brasileiro, a despeito das diferenças de contexto entre os dois países.
Detection and epidemiological progress of quiescent avocado diseases
Authors: Fischer Ivan Herman , Moraes Matheus Froes de , Firmino Ana Carolina , Amorim Lilian
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT: One of the major problems in the commercialization of avocados is the incidence of postharvest diseases, especially anthracnose (Colletotrichum spp.) and stem-end rot (Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Fusicoccum aesculi and Neofusicoccum spp.). As there is a lack of epidemiological information on these pathosystems, the objective of this study was to establish a method to detect quiescent infections and characterize their temporal progression and spatial pattern in a commercial orchard. Detection of quiescent infections was evaluated in flowers and fruits that were immature and in commercial harvest stage, treated with paraquat, ethrel or water. Treatment of flowers and immature fruits with paraquat led to rapid detection of Colletotrichum spp. In two seasons of a ‘Hass’ avocado orchard, the incidence of diseases was evaluated from open flowers to fruit harvest, totaling 11 evaluations at biweekly intervals. When fruits reached the harvest stage, the spatial distribution of diseased fruits in the trees was evaluated by means of dispersion index and modified Taylor’s law. Considering the evaluation of temporal disease progression, anthracnose was the most important disease, presenting a high initial incidence of 60 and 86% diseased flowers in the two seasons, respectively, while fruits showed an average disease incidence of 70 and 87%, respectively. Stem-end rot was observed only in fruits since the beginning of their development and presented low incidence (<8% fruits), significantly inferior to that of anthracnose. The diseases showed random dispersion within the trees, indicating that their initial inoculum is evenly distributed in the plants.
Urban mobility performance indicators: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Braga Izaac Paulo Costa , Dantas Hálison Fernandes Bezerra , Leal Marina Reis Deusdará , Almeida Mariana Rodrigues de , Santos Enilson Medeiros dos
Published: August 2019

Abstract This paper aims to identify the most used urban mobility metrics by means of a bibliometric analysis. Therefore, a qualitative and quantitative study was carried out from a selection of 49 articles, between 1989 and 2016. Scopus and Web of Science were used as databases. The performed study verified the predominance of papers focused on environmental and efficiency perspectives in urban transport systems. Furthermore, it was possible to verify the emergence of new approaches such as sustainable mobility, resilient transport and smart mobility. Two hundred and twenty eight categories of metrics and performance indicators were identified and grouped into twelve perspectives. The categorization proposed by this paper can assist researchers on future works on the topic addressed.
Equipamento Automatizado de Soldagem Capacitiva para Termopares
Authors: Fermo Igor Rossi , Sakiyama Rubens Zenko , Souza Marcos de , Andrade Cid Marcos Gonçalves
Published: August 2019

Resumo Os termopares são dispositivos elétricos de simples concepção utilizados na medição de temperatura, e possuem um grande uso na indústria. O termopar necessita de uma junção eficiente para os dois fios metálicos que o compõem, que comumente é feita pela soldagem. O processo de soldagem utilizado para construir um termopar pode ser feito de várias maneiras, e a mais comum e eficiente é a soldagem por descarga capacitiva, que irá fundir a liga e criar uma união, mantendo as propriedades dos metais envolvidos e resultar e uma união homogênea dos dois metais. Este trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver um equipamento capaz de realizar automaticamente esta solda em ambiente inerte, por descarga capacitiva, cujo valor da energia a ser descarregada para a união do termopar é determinada utilizando o princípio da conservação da massa e energia em ligas metálicas e bitolas preestabelecidas de alguns tipos de termopares. Os resultados obtidos com a soldagem de diferentes tipos e bitolas de termopar foram analisados com relação ao aspecto visual e de softwares de análise de imagens, juntamente com curvas de calibração. Os termopares foram considerados de boa qualidade de acordo com os parâmetros de análise estabelecidos, e comparações com termopares comerciais.
Iron oxide/titania composites for radar absorbing material (RAM) applications
Authors: Fisli A. , Winatapura D. S. , Sukirman E. , Mustofa S. , Adi W. A. , Taryana Y.
Published: August 2019

Abstract Iron oxide/titania composites were synthesized by precipitation method. Amount of iron oxide was varied in the composites. The single phase (anatase) was obtained for the weight ratio of 0-20% and three phases (anatase, magnetite and hematite) were found for the weight ratio of 30% and 40% of iron oxide. The crystallite size of titania decreased with increasing of iron oxide content. The specific surface area, total pore volume and BJH pore volume of the sample increased with increasing iron oxide content in the composite. The composites possessed mesoporous characteristic (6.5-9.6 nm in pore diameter) and exhibited ferromagnetic properties. The measurement of the microwave absorption showed that the 40Fe/Ti composite had the best reflection loss of -14 dB at a frequency of 10.9 GHz. This meant that the electromagnetic wave was absorbed 80% in that frequency. Thus, the developed material can be a promising microwave absorbing agent in radar signature reduction.
Reference evapotranspiration based on temperature in Minas Gerais state, Brazil
Authors: Pinheiro Marcus André Braido , Oliveira Aline Lílian Marques , Borges Júnior João Carlos Ferreira , Oliveira Evandro Chaves de , Carvalho Luiz Gonsaga de
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT In the last decades, the areas of irrigated crops in the state of Minas Gerais have grown considerably, contributing to increase agricultural production in the country. Among the techniques of irrigation management, the determination of the water consumption by the plants is based on the reference evapotranspiration (ET0), the objective of this work was to evaluate and calibrate the Hargreaves-Samani (HS) method and a Proposed Method (MP) against the standard Penman-Monteith-FAO method (PM-FAO) for the state of Minas Gerais. For that, data from 52 conventional meteorological stations of the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) were used. ET0 was estimated by the methods cited including the Hargreaves-Samani calibrated method (HScal) based on the mean absolute error (MAE). The analysis of the methods was carried out using the following statistical indicators: root mean square error (RMSE), systematic root mean square error (RMSEs), unsystematic root mean square error (RMSEun), the proportions of systematic and unsystematic mean square error, Willmott’s concordance index (d), confidence index (C) and Pearson correlation coefficient (r). It was verified that after the calibration, the HScal method obtained a superior performance to the original HS method in all the studied stations. It was also observed a superior MP performance with respect to the HScal method, in all stations studied.
Evaluation of soybean breeding lineages to new sources of root-knot nematode resistance
Authors: Hamawaki Osvaldo Toshiyuki , Hamawaki Raphael Lemes , Nogueira Ana Paula Oliveira , Glasenapp Jacqueline Siqueira , Hamawaki Cristiane Divina Lemes , Silva Carolina Oliveira da
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT In Brazil, as the soybean crop expands the losses caused by nematodes as well as its incidence in producing areas have increased. Therefore, this work aimed to develop a non-genetically modified soybean which combines desirable traits as the root-knot nematode resistance, early-maturity, high seed yielding, and high oil and protein contents. Consequently, seeds (F2) derived from the double-crossing between (Guarani x Sambaiba) x (M Soy 6101 x Conquista) were bulked to grow the F3 generation. Following generations were advanced by the SSD method of breeding until F6. Thus, plants showing superior characteristics were planted separately to perform progeny tests and then advanced breeding lines were thoroughly tested and compared to standards in representative environments across several locations in the Midwestern region in Brazil. As a result, we developed an early-soybean with cycle-length of 107 days; usually cycles range from 90 to 160 days. It presents desirable traits as high yield (3677 kg ha-1), Brazilian national average ranged between 2.5 and 3 thousand kg ha-1; broad adaptability, with 19% of oil, and 38.4% of protein on the seeds. Oil and protein standard contents are 20% and 40%, respectively. In addition, it is root-knot nematode (Pratylenchus brachyurus) resistance, not differing statistically (RF = 1.70) from the expected value given by Crotalaria spectabilis (RF = 1.14). Accordingly, we recommend this new cultivar to producers that intend to grow a second crop of either corn or cotton in the summer, or for crop producing areas with high incidence of P. brachyurus.
Neoplastic patients’ knowledge about intestinal parasitoses in southern Brazil
Authors: Jeske S. , Bianchi T. F. , Leon Í. F. , Villela M. M.
Published: August 2019

Abstract Since oncologic patients have been considered an important risk group for parasitic infections, it is fundamental to find out what they know about intestinal parasites. This study aimed at evaluating knowledge that the adult oncologic patients undergoing chemotherapy in the main centers of treatment for cancer in the city of Pelotas, Brazil, has about intestinal parasites. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for collecting data from two hundred oncologic patients who were undergoing chemotherapy. Results showed that 69.5% know what intestinal parasites are and cited Ascaris lumbricoides and Taenia sp. as being the most known ones. The statistical comparison between the group that knows intestinal parasites and the one that does not know about them – associated with socioeconomic variables –, showed that factors that significantly influenced their knowledge were their place of residence, schooling and household income (p≤0.05). Only 36% stated that they know when they are infected with parasites and misdescribed some signs and symptoms. Regarding prevention, 52% mentioned that they do not know how to avoid parasitism. The population under study showed that there are some gaps in its knowledge of the theme under investigation. Therefore, it is important to implement socioeducational measures in hospitals and clinics that treat cancer patients.
Streblid bat flies (Diptera) and other ectoparasites on bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from French Guiana
Authors: Graciolli Gustavo , Guerrero Ricardo , Catzeflis Francois
Published: August 2019

Abstract: Recent field surveys of bats (Chiroptera) in various localities of French Guiana have been accompanied by the collection and preservation of ectoparasites, mainly bat flies (Diptera: Streblidae and Nycteribiidae). Most specimens of ectoparasites was collected haphazardly during the course of bats inventories, but systematic surveys on the whole chiropteran community were realized at five opportunities. Concerning Streblidae, 813 individuals have been examined, which represent 46 species and/or subspecies belonging to 15 genera and 6 taxa for confirmation and/or future description. For Nycteribiidae, 44 individuals of 3 identified species and 2 for confirmation and/or future description. Other ectoparasites have been found (Hemiptera and acarids), which are also listed with details on their bat-host, place and date of collect. For six species of bats in which at least 10 animals were carrying ectoparasites, a brief description of the frequencies of their ectoparasites provides some preliminary characteristics of their infracommunities.
A interação do verbo suporte DAR com os processos de construção da significação no português brasileiro
Authors: Pria Albano Dalla
Published: August 2019

RESUMO O objetivo é apreender o funcionamento de DAR em contexto explícito. O trabalho está fundamentado pela Teoria da Operações Predicativas e Enunciativas cuja metodologia propõe a articulação de processos generalizáveis com a especificidade de conteúdos formalizáveis na prática de construção de significação. Na atividade linguageira, DAR é marca da alteridade constitutiva e do bloqueio ao movimento que busca encarnar um outro termo. São as marcas de asserção do contexto encaixante que dão a exata medida da distância entre a representação visada e o ponto em que se encontra a representação numa situação enunciativa particular.
Análise de padrões de colocações de itens lexicais como identificadores do perfil estilístico tradutório de heart of darkness
Authors: Castro Mayelli Caldas de
Published: August 2019

RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é descobrir se os quatro tradutores de Heart of Darkness para o espanhol capturaram os marcadores de temática de incerteza apontados por Stubbs (2003, 2005). A pesquisa se afilia aos Estudos da Tradução Baseados em Corpus (BAKER, 2000; OLOHAN, 2004) e parte dos achados de Stubbs (2003, 2005) sobre preferências estilísticas do texto-fonte. A visão de estilo adotada é a de Saldanha (2011) e fez-se uso da metodologia de corpus para a investigação dos itens selecionados. Os resultados mostraram diferenças significativas nas escolhas individuais por padrões de colocações dos itens analisados, possibilitando a criação de um perfil estilístico individual das traduções e dos tradutores estudados.
IS THE CAPITAL STRUCTURE STABLE IN BRAZIL?
Authors: TRISTÃO PÂMELA A. , SONZA IGOR B.
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT Purpose: This paper’s objective is to analyze whether the capital structure of Brazilian publicly traded companies remained stable over the last twenty years. Originality/value: The paper is focused on the Brazilian capital market, in which there is a lack in the literature about the study of the leverage behavior and its immaturity, where factors related to the companies and characteristics in contracting leverage alter the demand of credit. Design/methodology/approach: To achieve its objective, initially a graphical analysis of market and book debt evolution was carried out, and a GMM-Sys regression model through panel data was estimated to identify the stability of leverage along time. Findings: The results indicate a reduction of the market leverage with higher statistical significance after 2008, indicating, both in the graphic and the regression analysis, that the use of debt was unstable in the first period analyzed (1995-2007), behavior not observed during the second period (2008-2015) when analyzed market measures in which capital structure stability was prevalent, with considerable reduction of corporate leverage, otherwise, book measures of leverage would have shown a stability trend in leverage patterns. The principal determinants of the capital structure were the tax benefits (book debt) and the size (market debt), supporting trade-off theory.
Government-Subsidized Restaurants as promoters of the realization of the Human Right to Adequate Food: Proposal of an evaluation model
Authors: OLIVEIRA Juliana Theodora Cunha , GABRIEL Cristine Garcia , MACHADO Mick Lennon , RÉOS Marinez Fregulia , SOAR Claudia , VENSKE Débora Kurrle Rieger
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT Objective This article presents an evaluation model for Government-Subsidized Restaurants within the framework of the National Food and Nutrition Security Policy. Methods This is an evaluation study. The Evaluation Matrix was elaborated from five stages: systematized revision for elaboration of the theoretical-logical model; immersion process; construction of the preliminary theoretical-logical model; consensus workshops, through the traditional committee technique; elaboration of the evaluation matrix proposal; and external consensus with specialists in the subject and in the implementation and management of Government-Subsidized Restaurants. Results The proposed matrix contemplates two dimensions: Political-Organizational, with the subdimensions: Management, Structure and Target Public; and Technical-Operational, with the sub-dimensions: Adequate Food, Food and Nutrition Education, and Extended Public Assistance. Twenty-four indicators and 29 measures were listed. Conclusion The findings point to the need for advances in evaluation methodologies that contemplate Food and Nutrition Security as the guiding principle of the actions performed by Government-Subsidized Restaurants. Thus, the evaluation matrix presented aims to contribute to the improvement of the GSR as a multifunctional tool, promoter of Food and Nutrition Security and the realization of the Human Right to Adequate Food within the National Food and Nutrition Security Policy.
Water relations in parsley plants cultivated in brackish nutrient solutions of different cationic natures
Authors: Martins Juliana B. , Santos Júnior José A. , Bartusch Victor P. , Gheyi Hans R. , Bezerra Neto Egídio , Silva Manassés M. da
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT The analysis of plant response to the cationic variability of the waters, in addition to the osmotic component, is indispensable in the context of salt stress. Thus, between October 2017 and February 2018, in Recife, PE, Brazil (8° 1’ 7” S and 34° 56’ 53” W, and altitude of 6.5 m), the present study was carried out to evaluate the water relations of parsley plants (Petroselinum crispum), cv. Graúda Portuguesa, cultivated in brackish nutrient solutions (electrical conductivities of 1.7, 2.7, 3.7, 4.7, 5.7 and 6.7 dS m-1) prepared in waters with different cationic natures (NaCl, CaCl2, KCl and MgCl2). The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 6 x 4 factorial scheme, with five repetitions, and five plants per plot. Two experiments were conducted sequentially under this statistical design; in the first, the evapotranspired depth was replaced with supply water (0.12 dS m-1) and in the second, with the respective brackish water. The increment in nutrient solution salinity influences the fresh and dry biomass and the percentages of total, shoot and root dry masses, and this increment led to different behavior in parsley physiology under the different cationic natures of the water, being less harmful with the use of supply water to replace the evapotranspired depth and with CaCl2 water with electrical conductivity above 5.7 dS m-1, in the replacement with brackish water.
Solar drying of cowpea bean combined with drying in a heat accumulator dryer
Authors: Alves Ronaldo A. , Queiroz Alexandre J. de M. , Figueirêdo Rossana M. F. de , Silva Wilton P. da , Gomes Josivanda P.
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT As solar radiation is abundant in Brazil during most of the year and this source of energy is renewable and non-polluting par excellence, solar drying of agricultural products is a promising methodology. The objective of this study was to dry cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] bean grains using solar energy in different exposure times, adjusting the mathematical models and calculation of the effective diffusivity. Drying was performed during the day with samples exposed to the sun; during the night, half of the samples were put to dry in a heat accumulator dryer for nighttime drying and the other half was left on a laboratory bench as control. Cowpea bean grains had initial and final moisture contents of 65.42 and 6.73% d.b. (after drying in the heat accumulator dryer), respectively. The models Approximation of Diffusion, Page, Verma, Logarithmic and Two Terms were fitted to the drying kinetics and all of them fitted well to the experimental data, with coefficients of determination (R2) higher than 0.98, mean square deviations (MSD) less than 0.01 and chi-square (χ2) values lower than 0.0001. The effective diffusivity values were of the order of 10-11 m2 s-1 for the cowpea bean samples. The heat accumulator dryer was effective as a complement to the drying by exposure to the sun, maintaining a suitable temperature for nighttime drying.
Use of sweet ‘Pêra’ peel as an adsorbent in the treatment of textile effluents
Authors: Nascimento Ketyla K. R. do , Vieira Fernando F. , Almeida Marcello M. de , Buriti Josué da S. , Barros Aldre J. M. , Oliveira Rodrigo J. de
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT The disposal of industrial wastewater into aquatic bodies without proper treatment can cause severe damage to the environment and human health. The objective of this study was to perform the drying of the sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) peel cultivar Pêra and evaluate the viability of its use as biosorbent in the removal of a direct dye. Drying was carried out in an oven with air circulation at temperatures of 60 and 80 ºC. The mathematical models of Page, Henderson and Pabis, Logarithmic, Midilli and Two-term exponential were fitted to the moisture data as a function of time. The material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, point of zero charge, and infrared spectroscopy. In the adsorption study, a complete 24 factorial design was used to analyze the influence of mass, initial concentration, solution pH and contact time on adsorbed quantity (qt) and removal percentage of the dye (R%). In the drying, the two-term exponential model fitted best to the experimental data. The characterization of the material indicated that the adsorbent has zero charge point of 3.5 and porous structure, and the infrared analysis indicated the presence of carboxylic and hydroxyl groups. In the adsorption, the adsorbed quantity of the dye increased under conditions of lower pH and biosorbent mass and higher initial concentration and contact time. The removal percentage of dye increases with higher biosorbent mass. The biosorbent used is a promising waste for the adsorption of the burgundy-16 dye.