bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bend-insensitive bismuth-doped P2O5-SiO2 glass core fiber for a compact O-band amplifier
Authors: Firstov Sergei , Khegai Aleksandr , Riumkin Konstantin , Ososkov Yan , Firstova Elena , Melkumov Mikhail , Alyshev Sergey , Evlampieva Elena , Iskhakova Liudmila , Lobanov Aleksey , Khopin Vladimir , Abramov Alexey , Yashkov Mikhail , Guryanov Alexey
Published: March 2020

For the first time, we report on the fabrication of a bend-insensitive single-mode bismuth (Bi)-doped

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5

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fiber having a depressed cladding design and study its gain characteristics at a spectral region of 1.3–1.4 µm. It was shown that the obtained Bi-doped fiber can efficiently operate in the spectral band even at a bend radius of 1.5 cm. In addition, it was shown that this type of fiber has a smaller mode-field diameter in comparison with a step-index single-mode Bi-doped

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fiber with

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that resulted in a decrease of saturation power and, as a consequence, in a reduction of the total pump power required to a high-level-gain operation. The laser and gain experiments show the possibility of the construction of a compact high-performance optical amplifier for O-band based on the depressed-cladding Bi-doped fiber.
40  kHz, 20  ns acousto-optically Q-switched 4  µm Fe:ZnSe laser pumped by a fluoride fiber laser
Authors: Uehara Hiyori , Tsunai Takanori , Han Bingyu , Goya Kenji , Yasuhara Ryo , Potemkin Fedor , Kawanaka Junji , Tokita Shigeki
Published: March 2020

An actively

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-switched mid-infrared Fe:ZnSe laser pumped by a continuous wave fluoride fiber laser has been developed. Stable operation with a pulse duration of 20 ns and a repetition rate of 40 kHz at 4 µm was achieved. The maximum peak power was 1.1 kW. The high-repetition rate, high-peak power nanosecond pulsed laser, which has been created for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, in an actively

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-switched Fe:ZnSe laser, should prove a suitable light source for laser processing and molecular sensing.
Inverse design of a spatial filter in edge enhanced imaging
Authors: Zhu Xinlei , Yao Hainan , Yu Jiayi , Gbur Greg , Wang Fei , Chen Yahong , Cai Yangjian
Published: March 2020

A spatial filter, as a key element in edge enhanced imaging, determines the resolution and the contrast of imaging. However, the conventional spiral phase filter (SPF) results in background noise near the edges of objects in the formed images due to the fact that the point spread function (PSF) of the SPF has sub-oscillations that decrease the edge resolution. In this Letter, we propose a method for inversely designing the spatial filter, aiming to achieve high-resolution images. We show that the sub-oscillations in the PSF of the filter can be, in principle, completely suppressed. Further, we experimentally demonstrate the edge enhancement, with high resolution, for both amplitude and phase objects by using our own designed filter. Our method may find potential applications in fingerprint identification and image processing.
Low-complexity equalization scheme for suppressing FFE-enhanced in-band noise and ISI in 100 Gbps PAM4 optical IMDD system
Authors: Li Di , Song Haiping , Cheng Wen , Cheng Mengfan , Fu Songnian , Tang Ming , Liu Deming , Deng Lei
Published: March 2020

The commonly used feed-forward equalizer (FFE) in an intensity modulation and direct-detection (IMDD) system is seriously restrained by the enhanced in-band noise in the high-frequency region. In this Letter, a low-complexity equalization scheme including FFE, post-filter (PF), and a newly designed interference cancellation (IC) algorithm is proposed to cope with the FFE-enhanced noise and serious inter-symbol interference (ISI) simultaneously. In our experiment, the achieved bit error rate value of 100 Gb/s optical double-sideband (ODSB) four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) signal transmission over 10 km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) can go below the 20% overhead soft-decision forward error correction threshold of

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when the FFE is replaced by the proposed equalizer. Even a 100 Gb/s optical single-sideband (OSSB) PAM4 signal can be successfully transmitted over 80 km SSMF. The results show that the proposed

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algorithm can effectively suppress the FFE-enhanced noise and ISI with a quite low increase in complexity. Moreover, compared to the joint FFE, PF, and maximum likelihood sequence detection (MLSD) algorithm, the proposed

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algorithm has 1.2 dB and 0.4 dB power penalties after 10 km SSMF in ODSB and 80 km SSMF in OSSB cases, respectively. However, the complexity of this IC algorithm is approximately 3% that of the MLSD.
Research and Industry News
Authors: Daukantas Patricia , Kim Meeri , Schulz William , Wills Stewart
Published: March 2020

Atomic-scale resolution in space and time / Deep-UV laser diode /
Analyzing moon dust / Long-wave photodetector / Seeing sprays two ways /
Photonics aids sustainability / Smartphones and 3D sensing /
Hyper-spectral imaging of butterfly wings
Resultados y seguimiento de la rehabilitación vestibular
Authors: Benito-Orejas José Ignacio , Alonso-Vielba José , Valda-Rodrigo José , Cifuentes-Navas Viviana Andrea
Published: March 2020

Introducción y objetivo: La rehabilitación Vestibular (RV) consiste en la realización de un programa de ejercicios orientado hacia las necesidades específicas del paciente. La colaboración y el apoyo psicológico son también elementos clave para conseguir una óptima recuperación. Las técnicas han evolucionado en las últimas décadas y disponemos del suficiente conocimiento para avalar su eficacia, que intentaremos ir presentando a lo largo de este capítulo.Método: Revisión narrativa.Resultados: La RV es un tratamiento seguro y eficaz. Es recomendable una intervención temprana a fin de prevenir las caídas y aliviar los síntomas cuanto antes; pero los pacientes con alteraciones crónicas también se benefician. La RV es efectiva en trastornos vestibulares periféricos y centrales. Se desconoce la frecuencia, duración óptima y número total de visitas necesarias para obtener los mejores resultados, pero dependerá de la respuesta del paciente. No hay un programa único que pueda ser eficaz a todo el que sufra de un trastorno vestibular. Conclusión: La RV es actualmente el estándar de tratamiento para muchos tipos de patología vestibular y creemos que debe ser proporcionado por fisioterapeutas especializados en esta terapia.
Rehabilitación vestibular con posturografía dinámica
Authors: Cordero-Civantos Cristina , Calle-Cabanillas Maria Isabel , Álvarez-Gómez Laura
Published: March 2020

La rehabilitación vestibular es fundamental en el tratamiento de la inestabilidad actuando sobre la compensación se mejora el equilibrio y la calidad de vida del paciente. En este artículo, nos centraremos en la utilidad y en los aspectos practicos de la posturografía dinámica computarizada en el diseño de un programa de rehabilitación vestibular
Erectile dysfunction and the biochemical/molecular/ regulation of human penile arteries
Authors: Király István Előd
Published: March 2020

1.Flow mediated vasodilation as a new, non-invasive diagnostic procedure in the examination of vascular type erectile dysfunction. 2.CNP has a strong vasodilatation effect on human resistance vessels in the presence of NO synthase and cyclooxygenase enzyme inhibitors 3.That relaxation demonstrates a similar characteristics as an EDHF released by Ach 4.CNP has a smooth muscle cells hyperpolarization effect similar to Ach 5.Our examinations prove CNP is an EDHF in human penile resistance vessels which plays an essential role in the reduction of vessel tone supporting erection. 6.CNP or its similar compounds may be successful in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. 7.NO and EDHF take part in the endothelium dependence relaxation human penile intracavernosus arteries. 8.BKC channels play an essential role in the establishment of the effect enduced by both of NO and EDHF 9.During our examination the opening compounds of BKC channels are assumed to be effective in the treatment of disregulation of penile arteries. 10.The Hungarian implementation of female to male sexual reassignment operation Development of the surgical technique in our Department of Urology has lead to better functional and esthetical results. These modifications are the following -The turned down u-shape perineal incision was exchanged by median sagittal incision-The expert preparation of neurovascular bundle -Reaching clitoral orgasm a greater part of the glans is used at the creation of clitoris, one part of it is deepithelialized and it is sunk under the skin. The fixing sutures of the neo clitoris is placed into foreskin to avoid circular damage.
Cognitive Processes to Understand Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Máttyássy Adrienn
Published: March 2020

Cognitive psychology represents useful approach for understanding clinical psychiatric conditions. It is also an important tool to understand the neuronal foundation of alcohol use disorder (AUD), promises the discovery of a possible endophenotype and could help to create proper pharmacological and psychological treatments (Bernardin et al. 2014; Fein et al. 1990). Then again, identifying brain processes and related cognitive dysfunctions resulting in an increased vulnerability for AUD may provide a possibility to recognize AUD at an earlier stage and as a consequence it could be important in creating better prevention programs too. It is well known for a long time that alcohol is a neurotoxic agent that influences numerous cognitive processes, and it is also widely accepted that the abstinence period after alcohol cessation shows a gradual improvement of these functions (Fein et al. 1990; Crews and Nixon 2009). Therefore, in our research we focused in particular on memory functions and mentalization processes in an attempt to investigate patients after longer periods of abstinence (more than 6 months) to exclude the direct toxic effect of alcohol and allow a longer regeneration period. The main goals of this work were to investigate the following: I. To examine the associative learning functions in intermediate-term abstinent alcohol dependence patients. II. To assess social cognitive functions by employing tests to investigate complex emotional recognition in intermediate-term alcohol dependence subjects.
INFLUÊNCIA DE VARIÁVEIS AMBIENTAIS NA OCORRÊNCIA DA DENGUE UTILIZANDO GEOPROCESSAMENTO EM TERESINA, PIAUÍ
Authors: Souza Valladares Gustavo , Hassum Izabella Cabral , Albuquerque Emanuel Lindemberg Silva , Santos Antônio Carlos dos
Published: March 2020

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a distribuição sazonal da dengue no município de Teresina/PI no ano de 2017, e fazer uma análise correlacionando aspectos ambientais com a distribuição da doença. A área de estudo corresponde a um semicírculo no entorno da área urbana de Teresina, distando 288 m da região mais periférica, sendo limitada pelo estado do Maranhão a oeste. Foi avaliada a distribuição do número de casos de dengue nos anos de 2015 a 2017. A precipitação pluviométrica e a temperatura do ar foram avaliadas para o ano de 2017. Por meio de sensoriamento remoto e do uso de imagens do Landsat 8 foram estimados os corpos d’água, pelo índice NDWI, e a cobertura vegetal pelo índice NDVI, para os meses de maio a outubro de 2017, contemplando do período chuvoso ao de estiagens. Os resultados demonstraram que a maior incidência da dengue no primeiro semestre dos anos é reflexo de condições ideais da temperatura do ar, da maior precipitação pluviométrica, que reflete na maior superfície ocupada por corpos d’água e maior cobertura vegetal, favorecendo o desenvolvimento do vetor e da doença. Os resultados obtidos com a presente pesquisa indicam claramente a ocorrência da doença correlacionada com fatores ambientais e a sua sazonalidade. A análise dessa pesquisa pode ajudar o poder público no controle do vetor e consequentemente da doença, indicando que no primeiro semestre dos anos deve-se tomar medidas mais efetivas no controle populacional do Aedes aegypti.
QUALIDADE DOS RECURSOS HÍDRICOS NA COMUNIDADE FLUTUANTE LAGO DO CATALÃO, IRANDUBA - AM
Authors: Ramos Marcos Fabrício Leal , Wachholz Flávio , Silva Neto João Cândido André da
Published: March 2020

Na região amazônica existe a maior disponibilidade hídrica superficial do Brasil. Contudo parte da população não tem acesso à água tratada para o abastecimento doméstico, o qual requer certos padrões de qualidade. Neste contexto a comunidade flutuante Lago do Catalão abriga 86 famílias, onde a utilização desse recurso in natura para usos múltiplos propicia a contaminação por agentes biológicos que favorecem a proliferação de doenças de veiculação hídrica. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade da água do Lago do Catalão onde se localiza a comunidade do Catalão, por meio das seguintes variáveis: coliformes fecais, temperatura, potencial hidrogeniônico (pH), condutividade elétrica (CE), transparência, oxigênio dissolvido (OD) e turbidez para verificar se essas estão de acordo com usos realizados pela população e legislação vigente. A metodologia consistiu na verificação dos usos da água pelos moradores através de entrevistas. Foram realizados trabalhos de campo para coleta de amostras de água in loco no período da enchente e na cheia. Portanto, de acordo com os resultados obtidos através das variáveis analisadas, a água do lago não está adequada para alguns usos realizados pela comunidade, segundo a legislação brasileira.
QUESTIONANDO AS DELIMITAÇÕES CARTOGRÁFICAS DA CULTURA
Authors: Silveira da Silva Leonardo Luiz , Costa Alfredo
Published: March 2020

Partindo da reflexão sobre a natureza híbrida, permeável e dinâmica da cultura, esteartigo traça uma reflexão sobre as possibilidades de sua representação cartográfica.Declarando a cultura como uma entidade intangível ou mesmo “uma imaginaçãocoletiva” e tendo como sustento teórico a argumentação de Benedict Andersonacerca da ideia de nação, analisa-se a hipótese de que a delimitação de elementosculturais ou da cultura propriamente dita é equivocado. Para tanto, parte dopressuposto que as representações culturais possuem pretensões totalizantes, nãopassando, contudo, de expressões individuais ou de coletividades precisas. O artigoapresenta ainda os mapas mentais como formas de superar os dilemas darepresentação de elementos culturais, desde que os mesmos abandonem apretensão da totalidade e se apresentem como expressões da experiência individualou de grupos bem delimitados. Neste particular, os mapas mentais não devemaspirar se constituírem como representações da cultura propriamente dita, que sãoessencialmente totalizantes e incompatíveis com as interpretações individuais ou degrupos restritos
MAPEAMENTO DIGITAL DE FORMAS DE RELEVO NO AMBIENTE COSTEIRO DO PARANÁ
Authors: Comerlato Taísa , Lamour Marcelo Renato , Silveira Claudinei Taborda da
Published: March 2020

As formas de relevo das regiões costeiras frequentemente representam um desafio aos métodos de mapeamento geomorfológico, principalmente pela suavidade das feições topográficas. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o mapeamento digital das formas de relevo nesse ambiente, com o uso combinado da geomorfometria e técnicas de processamento digital de imagem. A área de estudo localiza-se na região do litotal Sul do Paraná, com abrangência na baia de Guaratuba e seu entorno, onde ocorrem extensas planícies costeiras associadas as encostas da Serra do Mar. A análise utilizou uma composição entre o Mapeamento Digital do Relevo, apoiado nas análises dos atributos geomorfométricos derivados de um Modelo Digital de Terreno, e do Processamento Digital de Imagem, pela análise das diferenças espectrais dos níveis de umidade da vegetação. Desta forma, foi possível a identificação de diversas formas de relevo (Morros, Planícies, Terraços, Rampas, etc.) em uma escala 1:25.000. Portanto, o resultado mais significativo deste trabalho foi um novo método semi-automatizado de mapeamento geomorfológico, eficaz (98%) em identificar feições de amplitudes topográficas distintas.
PENGARUH METODE SOSIODRAMA TERHADAP PERILAKU SOPAN SANTUN SISWA MAN 3 BANTUL
Authors: Muzaki Akhmad , Casmini Casmini
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTPoliteness among students begin to decline, phenomenon occured in schools many students who do not understand the behavior of courtesy in relationships in the school environment. Therefore, guidance and counseling services are expected to overcome this phenomenon. This research intend to find out and analyze the effect of sociodrama method on students manners. The type of research is experimental research with research subjects totaling 15 students. Data collection technique uses courtesy scale, observation, interview and documentation. In addition, data analysis technique uses paired samples test (T-test). The results of data analysis obtained from the average pretest score is 138,40 while the average posttest score is 143,67. Based on these data show that there is an average increase of -5,267. Correlation value obtained from paired samples test (T-test) is 0,915 with significant 0,000. T-count Value is -3,088 with sig. (2-tailed) value is 0,008. T-count (-3,008) ≥ t-table (2,145) and sig. (2-tailed) value is 0,008 ≤ 0,05. These data mean that Ha in this research is accepted and Ho is rejected so that there are different an average manners before and after treatment (sociodrama method). Thereby, sociodrama method influences the behavior of student’s manners MAN 3 Bantul.Keywords: Sociodrama Method, The Behavior of Courtesy
RUQYAH SEBAGAI PENGOBATAN BERBASIS SPIRITUAL UNTUK MENGATASI KESURUPAN
Authors: Afiyatin Alfiyah Laila
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe existence of spiritual involvement in handling possession, this purpose article to describe the implementation of ruqyah possessed by patients in Nashrun Minallah boarding school and spiritual interpretation in the implementation of ruqyah. This type of research is qualitative, with interview and observation research methods. The research subjects are 1 ruqyah and 1 assistant. The results showed that two types of trance experienced by patients were possessed by psychic and physical disorders, the main process in ruqyah was blades, then safeguards developed by patients with independent ruqyah with necessary health assistance. Spiritual has a significant role in the ruqyah process which is carried out to deal with patients suffering from spiritual illness in the form of possession. Keywords: ruqyah, spiritual medicine, possessed.
Colonialidad/ decolonialidad de la conversación, las referencias y las citaciones
Authors: Gomez Pedro pablo
Published: March 2020

Como bien lo ha explicado el sociólogo peruano Aníbal Quijano, desde los inicios de la modernidad, en sus centros hegemónicos, fue elaborado un modo de producir conocimientos que da cuenta de las necesidades cognitivas del capitalismo. Ese modo de conocer, denominado racional, que por su origen y carácter es eurocéntrico, fue impuesto y admitido en el mundo capitalista como emblema de la modernidad y como la única forma válida de racionalidad. Esa modernidad/racionalidad se ha mantenido como perspectiva cognitiva del capitalismo colonial que naturaliza la experiencia de la gente dentro del patrón colonial de poder.
Какая она, престижная работа? Реконструкция представлений молодёжи на основе прочтения рисуночных данных
Authors: ПАШКЕВИЧ Анна Валерьевна , САПРЫКИНА Татьяна Александровна
Published: March 2020

Вопросы, которые поднимались в ходе предлагаемого читателям исследования, можно сформулировать следующим образом: как молодежь представляет себе престижную работу, какими признаками она обладает и чем отличается от остальных (непрестижных) видов деятельности? Каковы эти представления, если раскрыть их в виде изображений – визуальных данных? В статье рассмотрены представления о престижной работе, полученные на основе применения рисуночной техники. Преимущество невербальной методики состоит в том, что респондент может сам определять смысловую композицию, поскольку здесь нет ограничений в виде заранее заданных исследователем вариантов ответов и когнитивных рамок на поставленный вопрос. Авторам удалось выявить, какие символы и характеристики престижной работы являются ключевыми, а какие, напротив, не акцентуированы в представлениях молодежи. На основе интерпретации рисунков выделены 12 устойчивых типов представлений о престижной работе. Мы не стремились противопоставить вербальным методикам что-то другое, наша задача – продемонстрировать и популяризировать возможности использования невербальных техник в социологическом исследовании.
Ischemic Preconditioning Improves Resistance Training Session Performance
Authors: da Silva Novaes Jefferson , da Silva Telles Luiz Guilherme , Monteiro Estêvão Rios , da Silva Araujo Gleisson , Vingren Jakob L. , Silva Panza Patrícia , Reis Victor Machado , Laterza Mateus Camaroti , Vianna Jeferson Macedo
Published: March 2020

da Silva Novaes, J, da Silva Telles, LG, Monteiro, ER, da Silva Araujo, G, Vingren, JL, Silva Panza, P, Reis, VM, Laterza, MC, and Vianna, JM. Ischemic preconditioning improves resistance training session performance. J Strength Cond Res 35(11): 2993–2998, 2021—The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in a resistance exercise (RE) training session on the number of repetitions performed, total volume, and rating of perceived exertion in recreationally trained and normotensive men. Sixteen recreationally trained and normotensive men completed 3 RE sessions in a counterbalanced and randomized order: (a) IPC protocol using 220 mm Hg followed by RE (IPC), (b) IPC cuff control protocol with 20 mm Hg followed by RE (CUFF), and (c) no IPC (control) followed by RE (CON). RE was performed with 3 sets of each exercise (bench press, leg press, lateral pulldown, hack machine squat, shoulder press, and Smith back squat) until concentric muscular failure, at 80% of one repetition maximum, with 90 seconds of rest between sets and 2 minutes of rest between exercises. Ischemic preconditioning and CUFF consisted of 4 cycles of 5 minutes of occlusion/low pressure alternating with 5 minutes of no occlusion (0 mm Hg) using a pneumatic tourniquet applied around the subaxillary region of the upper arm. For each condition, the number of repetitions completed, total volume of work performed, and rating of perceived exertion were determined. No significant difference was found for rating of perceived exertion between any experimental protocol. Ischemic preconditioning significantly (p < 0.05) increased the number of repetitions across exercises. Consequently, total volume performed (sum of total number of repetitions x load for each exercise) was significantly higher in IPC (46,170 kg) compared with CON (34,069 kg) and CUFF (36,590 kg) across all exercises. This work may have important implications for athletic populations because it demonstrates increase in muscle performance outcomes during a single RE session. Therefore, performing IPC before RE could be an important exercise prescription recommendation to increase maximum repetition performance and total volume of work performed and thus potentially increase desired training adaptations (i.e., strength and hypertrophy).
Emotional Stress Induces Structural Plasticity in Bergmann Glial Cells via an AC5–CPEB3–GluA1 Pathway
Authors: Bender Crhistian Luis , Sun Xingxing , Farooq Muhammad , Yang Qian , Davison Caroline , Maroteaux Matthieu , Huang Yi-shuian , Ishikawa Yoshihiro , Liu Siqiong June
Published: March 2020

Stress alters brain function by modifying the structure and function of neurons and astrocytes. The fine processes of astrocytes are critical for the clearance of neurotransmitters during synaptic transmission. Thus, experience-dependent remodeling of glial processes is anticipated to alter the output of neural circuits. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie glial structural plasticity are not known. Here we show that a single exposure of male and female mice to an acute stress produced a long-lasting retraction of the lateral processes of cerebellar Bergmann glial cells. These cells express the GluA1 subunit of AMPA-type glutamate receptors, and GluA1 knockdown is known to shorten the length of glial processes. We found that stress reduced the level of GluA1 protein and AMPA receptor-mediated currents in Bergmann glial cells, and these effects were absent in mice devoid of CPEB3, a protein that binds to GluA1 mRNA and regulates GluA1 protein synthesis. Administration of a β-adrenergic receptor blocker attenuated the reduction in GluA1, and deletion of adenylate cyclase 5 prevented GluA1 suppression. Therefore, stress suppresses GluA1 protein synthesis via an adrenergic/adenylyl cyclase/CPEB3 pathway, and reduces the length of astrocyte lateral processes. Our results identify a novel mechanism for GluA1 subunit plasticity in non-neuronal cells and suggest a previously unappreciated role for AMPA receptors in stress-induced astrocytic remodeling.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAstrocytes play important roles in synaptic transmission by extending fine processes around synapses. In this study, we showed that a single exposure to an acute stress triggered a retraction of lateral/fine processes in mouse cerebellar astrocytes. These astrocytes express GluA1, a glutamate receptor subunit known to lengthen astrocyte processes. We showed that astrocytic structural changes are associated with a reduction of GluA1 protein levels. This requires activation of β-adrenergic receptors and is triggered by noradrenaline released during stress. We identified adenylyl cyclase 5, an enzyme that elevates cAMP levels, as a downstream effector and found that lowering GluA1 levels depends on CPEB3 proteins that bind to GluA1 mRNA. Therefore, stress regulates GluA1 protein synthesis via an adrenergic/adenylyl cyclase/CPEB3 pathway in astrocytes and remodels their fine processes.
Costs and Use for Children With Medical Complexity in a Care Management Program
Authors: Bergman David A. , Keller David , Kuo Dennis Z. , Lerner Carlos , Mansour Mona , Stille Christopher , Richardson Troy , Rodean Jonathan , Hudak Mark
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Children with medical complexity (CMC) comprise only 6% of the pediatric population, account for ∼40% of pediatric health care spending, and provide an important opportunity for cost saving. Savings in this group can have an important impact on pediatric health care costs. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of a multicenter care management program on spending and use in CMC.

DESIGN AND METHODS:

We conducted a prospective cohort analysis of a population of 4530 CMC enrolled in a learning collaborative designed to improve care for CMC ages 0 to 21 years identified using 3M Clinical Risk Group categories 5b through 9. The primary outcome was total per-member per-year standardized spending; secondary outcomes included inpatient and emergency department (ED) spending and use. We used a 1:1 propensity score match to compare enrolled patients to eligible nonenrolled patients and statistical process control methods to analyze spending and usage rates.

RESULTS:

Comparison with the matched group showed a 4.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.9%–7.3%) decrease in total per-member per-year spending (P < .001), a 7.7% (95% CI: 1.2%–13.5%) decrease in inpatient spending (P = .04), and an 11.6% (95% CI: 3.9%–18.4%) decrease in ED spending (P = .04). Statistical process control analysis showed a decrease in hospitalization rate and ED visits.

CONCLUSIONS:

CMC enrolled in a learning collaborative showed significant decreases in total spending and a significant decrease in the number of hospitalizations and ED visits. Additional research is needed to determine more specific causal factors for the results and if these results are sustainable over time and replicable in other settings.
Catálogo actualizado de las plantas vasculares del Parque Nacional Isla del Coco, Costa Rica
Authors: Estrada-Chavarría Armando , Sánchez-González Joaquín , Rodríguez-González Alexander
Published: March 2020

Introducción: La flora de la Isla del Coco ha sido objeto de diversos esfuerzos de recolecta, estudios y publicaciones desde hace más de 300 años, hasta llegar a registrarse 263 especies; no obstante, una exploración reciente permitió determinar que se han presentado muchos cambios nomenclaturales, de clasificación y de incremento de especies desde la última publicación, lo cual hace necesario la publicación de una lista actualizada de especies. Objetivo: Elaborar un catálogo actualizado de las plantas vasculares de la Isla del Coco. Métodos: Mediante la búsqueda y revisión de ejemplares de herbario, publicaciones y recolecta de plantas entre 2016 y 2017, se elaboró una lista actualizada de plantas de la isla. Además, se determinó la riqueza estimada y la calidad del inventario utilizando estimadores de biodiversidad y la proporción de especies de acuerdo a su forma, hábitat epífito y procedencia. Resultados: Se registraron 296 especies de plantas vasculares, en 199 géneros y 82 familias, lo cual representa alrededor de un 80 % de la diversidad esperada según los estimadores utilizados (Chao-1 y ecuación de Clench). Del total, 219 (74%) especies son nativas y 77 (26%) son introducidas. Las especies nativas incluyen angiospermas (53%), helechos (44%) y licófitos (3%) y las introducidas solo angiospermas. Se indican las familias y géneros más diversos y las especies más comunes o abundantes. Se presenta un endemismo del 22% (48 spp.) de la flora nativa, compuesto principalmente por helechos (58%). La flora presenta una alta proporción de especies herbáceas (63%) y una baja representación de especies arborescentes (12%) y de bejucos y enredaderas (8%). También se presenta una alta proporción de epífitas, con un 20% del total de la flora, compuesto mayormente por helechos (69%). Este estudio adicionó 45 nuevas especies a la isla, de las cuales 16 son especies nuevas para la ciencia y endémicas para la isla y ocho son especies introducidas. También se actualizaron o corrigieron 36 nombres de especies en comparación con Trusty et al. (2006). Se proporciona un catálogo de especies con anotaciones. Conclusiones: La flora de la Isla del Coco presenta ciertas particularidades que la distinguen de otras islas oceánicas del Pacífico, en especial por la alta proporción de helechos endémicos y la alta diversidad de este grupo en general y el porcentaje relativamente bajo de endemismo. También es característico la baja diversidad de especies arbóreas, con una alta dominancia de Sacoglottis holdridgei en todos los bosques de la Isla y la alta proporción de especies epífitas, compuesto principalmente por helechos. La proporción de especies introducidas es relativamente baja en comparación con otras islas oceánicas del Pacífico.
Aracnofauna (Arachnida) de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica, con la descripción de tres nuevas especies
Authors: Víquez Carlos
Published: March 2020

Introducción: Los arácnidos de la isla del Coco representan 50 especies, ubicadas en seis órdenes y 26 familias. El trabajo de actualización del conocimiento de la fauna de este grupo de animales en la isla inició no sistemáticamente hace más de 127 años, donde un escorpión se convirtió en el primer espécimen citado del grupo. Objetivo: Actualizar la lista de especies de arácnidos para la Isla del Coco, aportando nueva información sobre taxones poco conocidos y describiendo nuevas especies. Métodos: Durante dos expediciones, llevadas a cabo del 11 al 22 de abril 2013 y del 8 al 18 julio 2017, se recolectaron arácnidos con métodos manuales y trampas, se preservaron en etanol y se realizaron las identificaciones en laboratorio. Los rangos de distribución están basados en el catálogo de arañas del mundo, las identificaciones realizadas, se respaldan en la literatura específica citada para cada caso y las sugerencias biogeográficas presentadas de los grupos o especies tratadas, surgen del análisis de los patrones de distribución general que presenta el género o grupo citado. Resultados: Los hallazgos principales incluyen la adición de nuevos registros de especies para la isla, un orden, 11 familias y 29 especies, de las cuales tres son nuevas para la ciencia. Conclusiones: Es necesario continuar con el inventario de la aracnofauna de la isla, principalmente en los sectores que no han podido ser previamente muestreados. A nivel biogeográfico la fauna de arañas que habita la isla está mayormente relacionadas con Centroamérica, mientras que las especies de hábitos cosmopolitas posiblemente sean de reciente introducción.
Aerial plankton from the Eastern Tropical Pacific
Authors: Cotoras Darko D. , Zumbado Manuel A.
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Small terrestrial invertebrates disperse in a passive manner through wind currents, forming what is known as aerial plankton, which has not been surveyed yet for the Eastern Tropical Pacific. Documenting the aerial plankton of Isla del Coco will allow to better understand the colonization process of this highly diverse island. Objective: Characterize the aerial plankton present on the transect Puntarenas – Isla del Coco. Methods: Specimens were collected using entomological nets on 2 roundtrip voyages during the months of July and August of 2017 and 2018, respectively. Results: A total of 10 morpho-species were collected corresponding to the orders: Diptera (Ceratopogonidae, Milichiidae, and Nematocera of a non-identified family), Hymenoptera (Chalcidoidea: Agaonidae), Hemiptera (Scutelleridae and Coreidae) and Lepidoptera (Sphingidae). Diptera and Hymenoptera were collected on the nets; while, Hemiptera and Lepidoptera were found on the deck of the boat. No spiders were collected. The Diptera and Hymenoptera families, as well as the family Coreidae (Hemiptera), have been previously recorded on this type of surveys across the tropical Pacific. Conclusions: Two of the taxa collected by nets, Ceratopogonidae (Diptera) and Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera), have representatives on Isla del Coco, which could provide direct support for wind dispersal as a colonization mechanism for these groups. We also detected other insects (i.e. Lepidoptera and Scutelleridae-Hemiptera) which most likely reached the boat by their own means providing evidence of their dispersal abilities. This research provides data to further expand on questions about the mechanisms of island colonization.
Community structure of coral reef zooplankton in Isla del Coco National Park, a natural World Heritage site in the Eastern Tropical Pacific
Authors: Esquivel-Garrote Octavio , Morales-Ramírez Álvaro
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Zooplankton is a major link between primary producers and the following trophic levels, and in coral reefs they represent an energy source for corals and involve complex assemblies integrating a wide variety of species form different functional groups. Objective: To define interannual changes in zooplankton assemblies in coral reefs of Isla del Coco. Methods: Three coral reefs system were sampled. Two or three samples were taken by surface horizontal trawls in each coral reef from 2009 to 2012, using conical zooplankton nets of 200 and 500 µm mesh sizes at different times of the day. Physical and chemical variables were measured before zooplankton sampling. Results: We identified 24 taxonomic groups of macrozooplankton and 22 of mesozooplankton. Copepods were the most abundant taxa (87.1%) of the total abundance of mesozooplankton and macrozooplakton (58.9%); however, chaetognaths (35.6%) exceeded copepods (35.4%) in abundance in macrozooplankton samples during 2011. Mesozooplankton samples showed higher abundance (68753.2±9123.2 ind m-3) and biomass (85.14±11.3 mg DW m-3) than macrozooplankton samples (4454.9±751.0 ind m-3, 22.8±3.8 mg DW m-3). The interannual macrozooplankton community structure did not change significantly (ANOVA, p=0.368), but did change for mesozooplankton (ANOVA, p=0.001). Variations in physical and chemical variables influenced the community structure for both meso and macrozooplankton, increasing or decreasing organism abundance. Conclusions: Coral reef zooplankton of Isla del Coco resembles that of other coral reefs under the influence of oceanic conditions, with a fauna formed mainly by calanoid copepods, chaetognaths and appendicularians, and depending on oceanographic conditions, the abundance of these groups can change.
Nocturnal variation of the zooplankton community in coral reef substrates at Isla del Coco National Park (Eastern Tropical Pacific)
Authors: Esquivel-Garrote Octavio , Morales-Ramírez Álvaro
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Zooplankton is a major link in coral reef food webs and a source of nutrients for corals. Demersal zooplankton in coral reefs makes diel migrations at night to avoid predation by fish and corals, increasing abundance and biomass at night. Objectives: To study the composition and variation of the demersal and pelagic zooplankton community at night and to increase the taxonomic knowledge of the benthic copepod fauna over different substrates of a coral reef. Methods: Traps made of plastic, with a 100 μm mesh size collector cup attached, were placed for 12 hours between 5-10 m depth over four substrates: (1) sand, (2) small and (3) big colonies of Porites lobata, and (4) dead and alive corals. Sampling started at dusk (1800 h), and the collector cups were collected and replaced at 2100 and 0000, and the last samples removed at down (0600 h). Results: The highest abundance of zooplankton was capture over P. lobata colonies between 0000 to 0600 h. Copepods (adults, copepodites, and nauplii) dominated the community structure and were more abundant during all the time intervals and substrates. Pelagic copepods were more abundant than the benthic, however, not more diverse. Among the benthic copepods, 20 new records of harpacticoids and calanoids were registered for Isla del Coco and Costa Rican waters. Appendicularians and decapod larvae were also abundant. Changes in coral reef community structure were related with time and not with the kind of substrate, although some taxa were found only in a specific time interval or substrate. Conclusions: Community structure and abundance of demersal and pelagic coral reef zooplankton in Chatham Bay were dominated by copepods, larvaceans and decapod larvae, similar to other coral reefs around the world. The highest abundance peak of organisms in the water column between 0000 to 0600 h could be related to diel migration.
Residencia del tiburón punta blanca de arrecife, Triaenodon obesus, (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae) en las bahías Chatham y Wafer del Parque Nacional Isla del Coco, Costa Rica
Authors: López-Garro Andrés , Zanella Ilena , Golfín-Duarte Geiner , Pérez-Montero Maikel
Published: March 2020

Introducción: El tiburón punta blanca (Triaenodon obesus) es una especie de arrecife de aguas tropicales, no migratoria, que ha demostrado no tener una alta conectividad costera, como la observada para otras especies de tiburón, sin embargo posee la distribución más amplia de todas las demás especies de tiburón de arrecife del Indo-Pacífico. T. obesus, es una de las especies de tiburón más comunes en el Parque Nacional Isla del Coco (PNIC), y no presenta una estacionalidad marcada. En las bahías localizadas en el norte del PNIC, Bahía Chatham y Bahía Wafer, reside una saludable población del tiburón punta blanca de arrecife. A pesar de ser una especie abundante en las bahías Chatham y Wafer del PNIC, la información sobre su residencia resulta escaza. Objetivo: Conocer sobre el uso de hábitat y los movimientos del tiburón punta blanca de arrecife mejorará su manejo en el PNIC y en otros lugares del Pacífico Tropical Oriental. Para esto se realizó un estudio preliminar sobre la residencia en las bahías Chatham y Wafer del PNIC, utilizando telemetría acústica. Métodos: Se realizó una expedición de marcaje de tiburones al Parque Nacional Isla del Coco entre el 25 de noviembre al 5 de diciembre del 2014. Durante esta expedición se realizaron 2 giras nocturnas entre las 18:00 y las 22:00 a Bahía Chatham y Bahía Wafer y se marcaron 8 individuos de T. obesus con telemetría acústica y se instalaron dos receptores, uno en cada bahía. Resultados: Entre noviembre 2014 y diciembre 2015 los tiburones punta blanca marcados fueron detectados por los receptores instalados en las bahías en un total de 278 706 ocasiones. Los tiburones T. obesus marcados permanecieron largos periodos en las bahías Chatham y Wafer, El índice de Residencia (IR) medio de los T. obesus marcados fue de 0.97±0,03, reportando una tendencia en la baja del número total de detecciones durante las horas nocturnas. Los tiburones punta blanca de arrecife mostraron una alta fidelidad al sitio de marcaje, que se ve reflejado en los elevados índices de residencia reportados, particularmente altos en comparación con otras especies de tiburón de arrecife. Las detecciones de los tiburones en las bahías tienden a disminuir a partir de las 18:00 horas, cuando el tiburón punta blanca se vuelve activo para cazar en el arrecife. Conclusiones: En conclusión, los tiburones punta blanca poseen una alta residencia y fidelidad, lo cual confirma su bajo rango de hogar. El Área Marina Protegida de la Isla del Coco probablemente brinda una protección efectiva a la población del tiburón punta blanca de la pesca ilegal.
A diagnostic challenge in clinical laboratory: Misidentification of Neisseria subflava as Neisseria meningitidis by MALDI-TOF MS
Authors: Unalan-Altintop Tugce , Karagoz Alper , Hazirolan Gulsen
Published: March 2020

MALDI-TOF MS provides fast, easy to perform and cost-effective diagnosis in clinical microbiology laboratories, however in some cases results of MALDI-TOF MS should be confirmed with additional tests. This confirmation is especially important for causes of life-threatening infections like Neisseria meningitidis. In our laboratory, three isolates were identified as N. meningitidis by Bruker MALDI Biotyper (BD, USA) between April 2018 and March 2019 from clinical specimens of blood, sputum, and urine. 16S rRNA sequencing was performed for further investigation. Two of the isolates were identified as Neisseria subflava and only one was confirmed as N. meningitidis by sequencing. These results show that MALDI-TOF MS is not always reliable in the diagnosis of N. meningitidis and clinical microbiologists should confirm these results with additional tests. Also, clinical correlations should be determined. Accurate identification of this microorganism is very important because of the necessity of prophylactic antimicrobial usage and biosafety precautions. Enlarged databases of Neisseria species are needed to overcome this problem.
A representação do conceito de liberdade em “Merli” – uma práxis pedagógica
Authors: Mantovani José Pascoal , Novaes Bruno
Published: March 2020

Nesse artigo temos como objetivo analisar a representação do conceito de liberdade na primeira temporada da série “Merli”, veiculada no canal de streaming Netflix. Nela, pretendemos verificar como o professor de Filosofia Merli Bergeron trabalha conceitos libertários e suscita reflexões críticas em seus alunos sobre os padrões de convívio socialmente impostos pelas instituições primárias e secundárias. Ao mesmo tempo, pretendemos abordar a personalidade do professor, discutindo sobre o convívio que ele mantém com os colegas de trabalho e seus alunos, assim como em sua vida particular, para visualizarmos se, de fato, ele pratica aquilo que discursa aos estudantes durante suas aulas. Haverá um foco maior na relação dele com o aluno Ivan Basco, que sofre com agorafobia e recebe aulas particulares de Merli para superar sua situação de isolamento. Em um primeiro momento, com caráter introdutório, iremos discutir sobre a importância da discussão de liberdade na contemporaneidade. A seguir, exporemos conceitos formulados por diversos pensadores acerca do que é a liberdade e sua importância para a emancipação humana. A partir disso, serão abordadas informações básicas sobre a produção da série, como os diretores, veiculadores e atores envolvidos para, por fim, executarmos a análise dos capítulos do seriado e apresentarmos nossas considerações finais. Diversos teóricos pertinentes a esse trabalho serão utilizados na revisão bibliográfica. Como metodologias de análise fílmica usaremos, para verificação estrutural do filme, a metodologia de análise fílmica de Manuela Penafria (2009) e, para visualização das formas simbólicas, a Hermenêutica de Profundidade, proposta por John Thompson em “Ideologia e Cultura Moderna” (2002).
Rede de Distribuição e a Comunicação Interna: Elos entre a Cadeia de Produção de Tilápia
Authors: Ronqui Oliva Angela Simone , Oliva Rafael Augusto , Ronqui Roberto Gabriel , Queiroz Timóteo Ramos
Published: March 2020

A comunicação inserida em uma rede de distribuição detém um papel fundamental na articulação e integração dos diferentes elos da estrutura produtiva da piscicultura, representando um fator chave para que a cadeia de abastecimento seja coordenada de forma eficiente a fim de gerar vantagem competitiva na produção e distribuição de Tilápias. Neste estudo, objetivou-se diagnosticar quais aspectos positivos ou negativos referentes à comunicação ou falta dela, que causam impactos na cadeia produtiva. A pesquisa é exploratória e descritiva, utilizando um estudo de caso, com o apoio da técnica de entrevista semiestruturada, para evidenciar os aspectos inerentes à comunicação nos elos da Cadeia Produtiva da Tilápia, com foco em produtores do município de Palmital/SP. O problema analisado é referente às barreiras causadas pela comunicação e o impacto causado em ambiente organizacional. Os resultados obtidos referentes aos problemas de comunicação mais recorrentes, acontecem por motivos desde um pedido que é realizado fora do prazo, até uma entrega efetuada com atraso ou não efetuada, sem nenhum aviso ao cliente. Pretendeu-se, com este artigo, realizar uma análise das atividades envolvidas na comunicação empreendida na cadeia de distribuição de Tilápia, evidenciando as práticas e cuidados necessários para a realização das atividades de forma a minimizar os problemas decorrentes dos ruídos de comunicação.
De “vítimas virtuais” a “feitores contemporâneos”. Jornalismo de sensações e notícias sobre linchamentos
Authors: Barbosa Marialva Carlos , Fontella Angelica
Published: March 2020

A partir da análise da matéria de capa - ganhadora do Prêmio ExxonMobil, antigo prêmio Esso - do jornal Extra, “Do tronco ao poste” (08 de julho de 2015), o objetivo desse artigo é refletir sobre a relação entre mídia e violência. Para isso, iremos considerar a dimensão histórica das notícias qualificadas muitas vezes como sensacionais e que classificamos como pertencentes ao universo do “jornalismo de sensações”, mostrando que há um “fluxo do sensacional” que constrói as práticas e escolhas narrativas que são reatualizadas na longa duração. Há, portanto, na nossa percepção, permanências dessas temáticas que se configuram e se reatualizam no tempo, não apenas a partir das estratégias memoráveis, mas sobretudo a partir de uma imaginação duradoura sobre o inominável e o trágico.
World Economic Forum: present and future
Authors: Miró Albert-Pol
Published: March 2020

Editorial presenting the summary of what was developed at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland.