bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Screening and Identification of Yeasts Antagonistic to Pathogenic Fungi Show a Narrow Optimal pH Range for Antagonistic Activity
Authors: CHEN PEI-HUA , CHOU JUI-YU
Published: April 2017

Microbes have evolved ways of interference competition to gain advantage over their ecological competitors. The use of secreted antagonistic compounds by yeast cells is one of the prominent examples. Although this killer behavior has been thoroughly studied in laboratory yeast strains, our knowledge of the antagonistic specificity of killer effects in nature remains limited. In this study, yeast strains were collected from various niches and screened for antagonistic activity against one toxin-sensitive strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and three pathogenic fungi. We demonstrate that some strains with antagonistic activity against these pathogenic fungi can be found in antagonist culture tests. These yeasts were identified as members of Trichosporon asahii, Candida stellimalicola, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Ustilago esculenta, Aureobasidium pullulans, and Pichia kluyveri. The results indicated that the antagonistic activity of these killer yeasts has a narrow optimal pH range. Furthermore, we found that the antagonistic activity of some species is strain-dependent.
Use of Amplification Fragment Length Polymorphism to Genotype Pseudomonas stutzeri Strains Following Exposure to Ultraviolet Light A
Authors: LOMBARDI LISA , ZOPPO MARINA , RIZZATO COSMERI , EGAN COLIN GERARD , SCARPATO ROBERTO , TAVANTI ARIANNA
Published: April 2017

Changes in ultraviolet light radiation can act as a selective force on the genetic and physiological traits of a microbial community. Two strains of the common soil bacterium Pseudomonas stutzeri, isolated from aquifer cores and from human spinal fluid were exposed to ultraviolet light. Amplification length polymorphism analysis (AFLP) was used to genotype this bacterial species and evaluate the effect of UVA-exposure on genomic DNA extracted from 18 survival colonies of the two strains compared to unexposed controls. AFLP showed a high discriminatory power, confirming the existence of different genotypes within the species and presence of DNA polymorphisms in UVA-exposed colonies.
Vital Staining of Bacteria by Sunset Yellow Pigment
Authors: GAO PENG , SUN CHENGMING , LI YUXIA , ZOU XIAOHUA , WU XUN , LING YAN , LUAN CAIFU , CHEN HUIPENG
Published: April 2017

In this study, we describe a method for discriminating pathogenic bacteria with a dye. First, we determined that among several colours tested, the sunset yellow pigment easily coloured Escherichia coli bacteria yellow. Next, we demonstrated that E. coli O157:H7, Shigella flexneri O301, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis could all be well marked by sunset yellow pigment. Finally, we performed bacterial viability assays and found there was no effect on bacterial growth when in co-culture with sunset yellow. Our results suggest that sunset yellow is suitable pigment to dye microorganisms.
Antiviral Resistance of Splenocytes in Aged Mice
Authors: ZACZYŃSKA EWA , ARTYM JOLANTA , KOCIĘBA MAJA , BURSTER TIMO , KRUZEL MARIAN , PAPROCKA MARIA , ZIMECKI MICHAŁ
Published: April 2017

We compared the susceptibility to viral infection of splenocytes, isolated from young versus old CBA mice, and evaluated the antiviral actions of lactoferrin in splenocytes infected with Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV). Recombinant mouse lactoferrin (rmLF) and bovine lactoferrin (bLF) were used. There were no differences in the susceptibility to EMCV infection in the studied age categories. Both types of lactoferrins were protective in young and old mice. The study confirmed the undisturbed viral resistance in old mice and the protective actions of lactoferrin in viral infection. The antiviral action of the homologous mouse lactoferrin was demonstrated for the first time.
Social Transformation and Online Technology
Authors: Maboloc Christopher Ryan ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2017

The Internet age has seen the influential rise of social media. Consumer culture is tied to this modern phenomenon. This paper begins with an exposition of Herbert Marcuse’s grounding in phenomenology and his subsequent critique of Heidegger’s apolitical Dasein. In explicating Marcuse’s critical theory of technology, this paper will retrace Hegel’s influence on Marcuse in the idea of the dialectic. The dialectic is an integral aspect of social transformation. While modern technology may be value-neutral, it is argued herein that the lack of depth in social media provokes thought and invites critical dissent. Marcuse believes in the capacity of modern tools to effect social reform through adaptation. But emerging pathologies from online technology also have pressing challenges. For instance, social media makes manifest a dominant order that can be manipulative. It can be said that particular interests, notably from business and capitalists, shape the type of consumer culture that online technology promotes. In advancing Marcuse’s relevance in today’s Internet age, the paper will explore how social media as a platform can truly liberate the individual from the ills that consumerism peddles online.
Safety of belimumab in association with denosumab in a patient affected by Lupus Erythematosus: a case report
Authors: Scarati Marco , Parisi Simone , Borrelli Richard , Bruzzone Maria , Priora Marta , Peroni Clara Lisa , Fusaro Enrico
Published: April 2017

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by multisystemic involvement. Owing to multifactorial etiologies, low bone mineral density (BMD) osteoporosis (OP) and fragility fractures (FFx) have been very frequently documented in these patients. Appropriate treatments to minimize underlying immunologic disease activity remain mandatory, and the development of strategies to prevent and treat important complications as osteoporosis is needed.We present the clinical case of a female SLE patient treated simultaneously with belimumab (anti-BLyS) for the underlying disease, and denosumab (anti-RANKL) for concomitant severe osteoporosis. As these monoclonal antibodies have been recently introduced into the market, their combination has not been reported in literature yet. In this case, the combined administration proved a viable option for a SLE patient with osteoporosis and bisphosphonates contraindications.
Barriers and facilitators to HIV testing among young men who have sex with men and transgender women in Kingston, Jamaica: a qualitative study
Authors: Logie Carmen H. , Lacombe‐Duncan Ashley , Brien Natasha , Jones Nicolette , Lee‐Foon Nakia , Levermore Kandasi , Marshall Annecka , Nyblade Laura , Newman Peter A.
Published: April 2017

Introduction: Young men who have sex with men (MSM) in Jamaica have the highest HIV prevalence in the Caribbean. There is little information about HIV among transgender women in Jamaica, who are also overrepresented in the Caribbean epidemic. HIV‐related stigma is a barrier to HIV testing among Jamaica's general population, yet little is known of MSM and transgender women's HIV testing experiences in Jamaica. We explored perceived barriers and facilitators to HIV testing among young MSM and transgender women in Kingston, Jamaica.

Methods: We implemented a community‐based research project in collaboration with HIV and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) agencies in Kingston. We held two focus groups, one with young (aged 18–30 years) transgender women (n = 8) and one with young MSM (n = 10). We conducted 53 in‐depth individual semi‐structured interviews focused on HIV testing experiences with young MSM (n = 20), transgender women (n = 20), and community‐based key informants (n = 13). We conducted thematic analysis to identify, analyze, and report themes.

Results: Participant narratives revealed social‐ecological barriers and facilitators to HIV testing. Barriers included healthcare provider mistreatment, confidentiality breaches, and HIV‐related stigma: these spanned interpersonal, community and structural levels. Healthcare provider discrimination and judgment in HIV testing provision presented barriers to accessing HIV services (e.g. treatment), and resulted in participants hiding their sexual orientation and/or gender identity. Confidentiality concerns included: clinic physical arrangements that segregated HIV testing from other health services, fear that healthcare providers would publicly disclose their status, and concerns at LGBT‐friendly clinics that peers would discover they were getting tested. HIV‐related stigma contributed to fear of testing HIV‐positive; this intersected with the stigma of HIV as a “gay” disease. Participants also anticipated healthcare provider mistreatment if they tested HIV positive. Participants identified individual (belief in benefits of knowing one's HIV status), social (social support) and structural (accessible testing) factors that can increase HIV testing uptake.

Conclusions: Findings suggest the need for policy and practice changes to enhance confidentiality and reduce discrimination in Jamaica. Interventions to challenge HIV‐related and LGBT stigma in community and healthcare settings can enhance access to the HIV prevention cascade among MSM and transgender youth in Jamaica.
Evolution of the hypoxia-sensitive cells involved in amniote respiratory reflexes
Authors: Hockman Dorit , Burns Alan J , Schlosser Gerhard , Gates Keith P , Jevans Benjamin , Mongera Alessandro , Fisher Shannon , Unlu Gokhan , Knapik Ela W , Kaufman Charles K , Mosimann Christian , Zon Leonard I , Lancman Joseph J , Dong P Duc S , Lickert Heiko , Tucker Abigail S , Baker Clare V H
Published: April 2017

The evolutionary origins of the hypoxia-sensitive cells that trigger amniote respiratory reflexes – carotid body glomus cells, and ‘pulmonary neuroendocrine cells’ (PNECs) - are obscure. Homology has been proposed between glomus cells, which are neural crest-derived, and the hypoxia-sensitive ‘neuroepithelial cells’ (NECs) of fish gills, whose embryonic origin is unknown. NECs have also been likened to PNECs, which differentiate in situ within lung airway epithelia. Using genetic lineage-tracing and neural crest-deficient mutants in zebrafish, and physical fate-mapping in frog and lamprey, we find that NECs are not neural crest-derived, but endoderm-derived, like PNECs, whose endodermal origin we confirm. We discover neural crest-derived catecholaminergic cells associated with zebrafish pharyngeal arch blood vessels, and propose a new model for amniote hypoxia-sensitive cell evolution: endoderm-derived NECs were retained as PNECs, while the carotid body evolved via the aggregation of neural crest-derived catecholaminergic (chromaffin) cells already associated with blood vessels in anamniote pharyngeal arches.
Türk Soylu Öğrencilerin Türkiye Türkçesi Sözlü Anlatım Çalışmalarının “Konuşma Becerisi Değerlendirme Ölçeği”ne Göre Analizi: Gagauz Örneği / Analysis of Turkic Students Verbal Expression Studies in Turkey Turkish Language by “Speaking Skill Assessment Scale”
Authors: Kurt Berker
Published: April 2017

Abstract

In this study, the situation of the Turkic students’ verbal expressions of Turkey Turkish was evaluated with the special action of Gagauz Turks. The research findings reveal that Gagauz Turks depend on their mother language in terms of word choice, pronunciation, emphasis and sentence structure in verbal expressions. The similarity between Gagauz Turkish and Turkey Turkish is the main determinant for this situation. Research findings show that if the students were not to comprehend the similarities between the two languages this would have a negative impact on the verbal expression of Turkey Turkish. Therefore, as a result of the research, it is concluded that in order to improve the speaking ability of Turkey Turkish in teaching Turkic, it is necessary to take into account the mother language features that the target language has and to plan teaching accordingly.

Öz

Bu çalışmada Türk soylu öğrencilerin Türkiye Türkçesi sözlü anlatımlarındaki durumları Gagauz Türkleri özelinden hareketle değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma bulguları, Gagauz Türklerinin sözlü anlatımlarında sözcük seçimi, telaffuz, vurgu ve cümle yapısı açısından ana dillerine bağlı kaldıklarını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu durumun oluşmasında Gagauz Türkçesi ile Türkiye Türkçesi arasındaki benzerlik önemli bir etkendir. Araştırma bulguları, öğrencilerin iki dil arasındaki benzerlik ve farklılıkları yeterince kavrayamamış olmalarının Türkiye Türkçesi sözlü anlatımlarını olumsuz olarak etkilediğini göstermektedir. Dolayısıyla, araştırma sonucunda, Türkiye Türkçesinin Türk soylulara öğretiminde konuşma becerisinin geliştirilmesi için hedef kitlenin sahip olduğu ana dil özelliklerinin göz önünde tutulması ve öğretimin buna göre planlanması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır. 
MONITORAMENTO TECNOLÓGICO SOBRE BATERIAS APLICADAS À INDÚSTRIA AUTOMOTIVA: ESTUDO DO MERCADO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Dos Santos Diana Ribeiro , Santos Rocha Carla Alencar
Published: April 2017

O presente estudo caracteriza as tecnologias de armazenamento de energia com foco de aplicação na indústria automotiva, apresentando sua evolução. Investiga também o posicionamento brasileiro no desenvolvimento de tais tecnologias, bem como o interesse comercial das mesmas através da prospecção e análise de sua proteção industrial no Brasil. Para a elaboração do estudo do mercado brasileiro foram levantados os dados de depósitos de patentes no Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial (INPI) através da base de dados Questel. As tecnologias para armazenamento de energia mais propagadas na indústria automotiva são as baterias do tipo chumbo ácido, níquel hidreto metálico e íon-lítio. Entretanto, essas tecnologias ainda necessitam de aprimoramentos como aumento de densidade energética e da vida útil, bem como em questões de segurança. A indústria de baterias e de componentes para as baterias deve se aquecer em todo o mundo em virtude da difusão de veículos elétricos e híbrido.
A PROSPECÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA NO AUXÍLIO AO PROCESSO DE DEFINIÇÃO DE TEMAS DE P&D PARA EMPRESAS DO SETOR DE INFORMÁTICA
Authors: Da Silva Cristiano Rodrigo , Viana Laís Santana , Moreira Lorena Caires , Segundo Gesil Amarante , Noia Angye Cassia
Published: April 2017

O Polo de Informática de Ilhéus surgiu em 1995 com intuito de incentivar a interiorização industrial, por meio da instalação de indústrias de informática, eletrônicos e telecomunicações. As rápidas mudanças tecnológicas inerentes ao setor tornam a definição de temas de P&D um fator crítico para a estratégia de aumento da competitividade e sobrevivência no mercado globalizado. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente trabalho é investigar a utilização da prospecção tecnológica como ferramenta de apoio ao processo de definição de temas de P&D no setor de informática, por meio de um estudo de prospecção de um insumo tecnológico de produção comum às empresas do Polo de Informática de Ilhéus: os microprocessadores. O estudo possui caráter quantitativo e qualitativo, com pesquisa do tipo exploratória e envolveu a realização de revisão da literatura para construção do referencial teórico e prospecção tecnológica do tipo análise de patentes, utilizando o software Patent Insight Pro.
PROSPECÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA SOBRE MORINGA OLEÍFERA APLICADA À CIÊNCIA E TECNOLOGIA DE ALIMENTOS
Authors: Barretto Lilia Calheiros de Oliveira , Gois Joicy Manuela Vilanova , De Oliveira Dian Souza , Gama Gennaro Junho , Da Silva Gabriel Francisco , Dos Santos João Antônio Belmino
Published: April 2017

A Moringa oleifera Lam. é uma espécie arbórea originária do noroeste indiano, cultivada graças ao seu valor alimentar, alto teor proteico, usos na medicina tradicional, indústria e tratamento de água para o consumo humano. Por apresentar tais características, a moringa tem um grande potencial para cultivo comercial. As características de adaptação climática e de solo da planta a tornam implementável como cultivo tanto em escala industrial quanto de subsistência em grandes extensões do território brasileiro. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar os resultados de pesquisa relativos às aplicações da moringa na tecnologia de alimentos através de pedidos de patentes. Utilizou-se as bases World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial (INPI) e European Patent Office (Espacenet). O período coberto por esta pesquisa baseia-se no período máximo permitido por cada base de dado consultada, e é corrente ao mês de outubro de 2013.
ERA DA INDETERMINAÇÃO? FRANCISCO DE OLIVEIRA E PROCESSO DECISÓRIO POLÍTICO NO BRASIL CONTEMPORÂNEO.
Authors: Patschiki Lucas
Published: April 2017

Neste artigo discutiremos algumas conclusões de Francisco de Oliveira em relação ao processo decisório político, à democracia e ao Estado brasileiro contemporâneo – atentando para o que denomina “era da indeterminação”, base para suas teses posteriores, como da “hegemonia às avessas”. Partimos de um lugar semelhante, buscando as mudanças na política e no Estado a partir das transformações realizadas na transição democrática e das exigências da implementação do projeto ultraliberal, relacionando estas com a minimização do poder decisório político dos partidos, assim buscando a importância da organização da classe dominante em instâncias da sociedade civil.
IMAGINÁRIO SOCIALISTA
Authors: Katz Claudio
Published: April 2017

Quatro modos de renovação do socialismo na América Latina ocupa a tradição de um projeto que promove a igualdade, a expansão da propriedade pública e auto-determinação popular. O sucesso inicial do programa assustou os governantes e gerou grandes conquistas sociais.

O alívio dos bancos refuta estatismo socialista neoclássica ea adaptação heterodoxo ao neoliberalismo contradiz a existência de vários modelos capitalistas acusações. A economia soviética feito enormes progressos, mas nunca ameaçou a supremacia dos Estados Unidos.

O colapso da União Soviética enriquecimento pelas ambições de seus líderes, mas a tentativa socialista era verdade na seqüência histórica de ensaios igualitários. Os tormentos do capitalismo induzir recriar essas experiências, o que corresponde socialistas chamam sem hesitação. Este projeto envolve a convergência com as estratégias de unidade continental anti-imperialismo da América Latina

 
ESCOLA E ESTRATÉGIA POLÍTICA NA ATUALIDADE DO MST
Authors: Bahniuk Caroline , Vendramini Célia Regina
Published: April 2017

O artigo analisa a atualidade da educação escolar no MST. Destaca os limites e as potencialidades das escolas em relação à estratégia socialista, a partir da análise de algumas experiências escolares nas áreas de Reforma Agrária. A relação com o Estado, a formação omnilateral, a relação entre trabalho e educação, a atualidade, o conhecimento escolar, bem como a auto-organização dos estudantes e a organização dos educadores, foram dimensões elencadas na análise.  No contexto do capitalismo contemporâneo e da crescente mercantilização da educação concluímos que a relação entre escola e estratégia política no MST apresenta oscilações na direção da conservação e da transformação social.
RELATÓRIO SOBRE A QUESTÃO AGRÁRIA
Authors: Lenin Vladimir Iilich Ulianov
Published: April 2017

Camaradas, a questão agrária foi discutida pelo nosso partido tão pormenorizadamente, já durante a primeira revolução, que temos actualmente, penso eu, suficiente preparação, e confirma-o indirectamente o facto de a comissão da conferência, formada por camaradas que conhecem de perto este problema e se interessaram por ele, ter aprovado o projecto de resolução proposto sem emendas fundamentais. Por isso, limitar-me-ei a algumas observações muito breves. Como o projecto distribuído em provas de imprensa está em poder de todos os membros, não é necessário lê-lo na totalidade.
A global scale picture of ionospheric peak electron density changes during geomagnetic storms
Authors: Kumar Vickal V. , Parkinson Murray L.
Published: April 2017

Changes in ionospheric plasma densities can affect society more than ever because of our increasing reliance on communication, surveillance, navigation, and timing technology. Models struggle to predict changes in ionospheric densities at nearly all temporal and spatial scales, especially during geomagnetic storms. Here we combine a 50 year (1965–2015) geomagnetic disturbance storm time (Dst) index with plasma density measurements from a worldwide network of ~132 vertical incidence ionosondes to develop a picture of global scale changes in peak plasma density due to geomagnetic storms. Vertical incidence ionosondes provide measurements of the critical frequency of the ionospheric F2 layer (foF2), a direct measure of the peak electron density (NmF2) of the ionosphere. By dissecting the NmF2 perturbations with respect to the local time at storm onset, season, and storm intensity, it is found that (i) the storm‐associated depletions (negative storm effects) and enhancements (positive storm effects) are driven by different but related physical mechanisms, and (ii) the depletion mechanism tends to dominate over the enhancement mechanism. The negative storm effects, which are detrimental to HF radio links, are found to start immediately after geomagnetic storm onset in the nightside high‐latitude ionosphere. The depletions in the dayside high‐latitude ionosphere are delayed by a few hours. The equatorward expansion of negative storm effects is found to be regulated by storm intensity (farthest equatorward and deepest during intense storms), season (largest in summer), and time of day (generally deeper on the nightside). In contrast, positive storm effects typically occur on the dayside midlatitude and low‐latitude ionospheric regions when the storms are in the main phase, regardless of the season. Closer to the magnetic equator, moderate density enhancements last up to 40 h during the recovery phase of equinox storms, regardless of the local time. Strikingly, high‐latitude plasma densities are moderately enhanced for up to 60 h prior to the actual onset of storms during the equinoxes and summer; a potential precursor of a geomagnetic storm.
Early formation of preferential flow in a homogeneous snowpack observed by micro‐CT
Authors: Avanzi Francesco , Petrucci Giacomo , Matzl Margret , Schneebeli Martin , De Michele Carlo
Published: April 2017

We performed X‐ray microtomographic observations of wet‐snow metamorphism during controlled continuous melting and melt‐freeze events in the laboratory. Three blocks of snow were sieved into boxes and subjected to cyclic, superficial heating or heating‐cooling to reproduce vertical water infiltration patterns in snow similarly to natural conditions. Periodically, samples were taken at different heights and scanned. Results suggest that wet‐snow metamorphism dynamics are highly heterogeneous even in an initially homogeneous snowpack. Consistent with previous work, we observed an increase with time in the thickness of the ice structure, which is a measure of grain size. However, this was coupled with large temporal scatter between consecutive measurements of the specific surface area and of the statistical moments of grain thickness distributions. Because of marked differences in the right tail, grain thickness distributions did not show shape invariance with time, contrary to previous analyses. In our experiments, wet‐snow metamorphism showed two strikingly different patterns: homogeneous coarsening superimposed by faster heterogeneous coarsening in areas that were affected by preferential percolation of water. Liquid water movement in snow and fast structural evolution may be thus intrinsically coupled by early formation of preferential flow at local scale. These observations suggest that further experiments are highly needed to fully understand wet‐snow metamorphism and infiltration patterns in a natural snowpack.
Development of an experimental approach to study coupled soil‐plant‐atmosphere processes using plant analogs
Authors: Trautz Andrew C. , Illangasekare Tissa H. , Rodriguez‐Iturbe Ignacio , Heck Katharina , Helmig Rainer
Published: April 2017

The atmosphere, soils, and vegetation near the land‐atmosphere interface are in a state of continuous dynamic interaction via a myriad of complex interrelated feedback processes which collectively, remain poorly understood. Studying the fundamental nature and dynamics of such processes in atmospheric, ecological, and/or hydrological contexts in the field setting presents many challenges; current experimental approaches are an important factor given a general lack of control and high measurement uncertainty. In an effort to address these issues and reduce overall complexity, new experimental design considerations (two‐dimensional intermediate‐scale coupled wind tunnel‐synthetic aquifer testing using synthetic plants) for studying soil‐plant‐atmosphere continuum soil moisture dynamics are introduced and tested in this study. Validation of these experimental considerations, particularly the adoption of synthetic plants, is required prior to their application in future research. A comparison of three experiments with bare soil surfaces or transplanted with a Stargazer lily/limestone block was used to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed approaches. Results demonstrate that coupled wind tunnel‐porous media experimentation, used to simulate field conditions, reduces complexity, and enhances control while allowing fine spatial‐temporal resolution measurements to be made using state‐of‐the‐art technologies. Synthetic plants further help reduce system complexity (e.g., airflow) while preserving the basic hydrodynamic functions of plants (e.g., water uptake and transpiration). The trends and distributions of key measured atmospheric and subsurface spatial and temporal variables (e.g., soil moisture, relative humidity, temperature, air velocity) were comparable, showing that synthetic plants can be used as simple, idealized, nonbiological analogs for living vegetation in fundamental hydrodynamic studies.
High‐frequency internal waves and thick bottom mixed layers observed by gliders in the Gulf Stream
Authors: Todd Robert E.
Published: April 2017

Autonomous underwater gliders are conducting high‐resolution surveys within the Gulf Stream along the U.S. East Coast. Glider surveys reveal two mechanisms by which energy is extracted from the Gulf Stream as it flows over the Blake Plateau, a portion of the outer continental shelf between Florida and North Carolina where bottom depths are less than 1000 m. Internal waves with vertical velocities exceeding 0.1 m s−1 and frequencies just below the local buoyancy frequency are routinely found over the Blake Plateau, particularly near the Charleston Bump, a prominent topographic feature. These waves are likely internal lee waves generated by the subinertial Gulf Stream flow over the irregular bathymetry of the outer continental shelf. Bottom mixed layers with O(100) m thickness are also frequently encountered; these thick bottom mixed layers likely form in the lee of topography due to enhanced turbulence generated by O(1) m s−1 near‐bottom flows.
A Micromechanical Approach Investigating the Effects of Percolating Eutectic Network on Mechanical Behavior of Magnesium Alloys
Authors: Zhang Bao
Published: April 2017

A novel two‐dimensional (2D) micromechanical model presented is capable of predicting eutectic network strength and structural efficiency consistent with computed results on the basis of three‐dimensional (3D) actual morphology of eutectic network, and shows considerable advantages in terms of efficiency, practicability and computation cost. Another critical advantage lies in the capability of evaluating network‐matrix interaction and the incorporation of interaction strength leads to an improved agreement between numerical and experimental flow behavior of the Mg alloy. The analysis also suggests that network‐matrix interaction is comparable with dispersion and network strengthening with respect to the contribution to alloy yield strength.
Synchronous Growth of High‐Quality Bilayer Bernal Graphene: From Hexagonal Single‐Crystal Domains to Wafer‐Scale Homogeneous Films
Authors: Wu Jun , Wang Junyong , Pan Danfeng , Li Yongchao , Jiang Chenghuan , Li Yingbin , Jin Chen , Wang Kang , Song Fengqi , Wang Guanghou , Zhang Hao , Wan Jianguo
Published: April 2017

The precise control of the domain structure, layer thickness, and stacking order of graphene has attracted intense interest because of its great potential for nanoelectronics applications. Much effort has been devoted to synthesize semiconducting Bernal (AB)‐stacked bilayer graphene because of its tunable band structure and electronic properties that are unavailable to single‐layer graphene. However, fast growth of large‐scale bilayer graphene sheets with a high AB‐stacking ratio and high mobility on copper poses a tremendous challenge, which has to overcome the self‐limiting effect. This study reports a low‐cost but facile method to rapidly synthesize bilayer Bernal graphene by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition using polystyrene as the feedstock. The bilayer graphene grains and continuous film obtained are of high quality and exhibit field‐effect hole mobilities as high as 5700 and 2200 cm2 V−1 s−1 at room temperature, respectively. In addition, a synchronous growth mechanism of bilayer graphene is revealed by monitoring the growth process, resulting in a high surface coverage of nearly 100% for a near‐perfect AB‐stacking order. This new synthesis route is significant for industrial application of bilayer graphene and investigation of the growth mechanism of graphene by the chemical vapor deposition process.
Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in multiple myeloma patients with light chain deposition disease
Authors: Mohan Meera , Buros Amy , Mathur Pankaj , Gokden Neriman , Singh Manisha , Susanibar Sandra , Jo Kamimoto Jorge , Hoque Shadiqul , Radhakrishnan Muthukumar , Matin Aasiya , Davis Cynthia , Grazziutti Monica , Thanendrarajan Sharmilan , van Rhee Frits , Zangari Maurizio , Davies Faith , Morgan Gareth , Epstein Joshua , Barlogie Bart , Schinke Carolina
Published: April 2017

Light chain deposition disease (LCDD) is characterized by monotypic immunoglobulin depositions which will eventually lead to loss of organ function if left untreated. While the kidney is almost always affected, the presence and degree of LCDD in other organs vary. Ten to thirty percent of LCDD patients have underlying Multiple Myeloma (MM), yet outcome and prognostic markers in this particular patient group are still lacking. Here, we analyzed 69 patients with MM and biopsy proven LCDD and report on renal and extra‐renal involvement and its impact on prognosis as well as renal response depending on hematologic response. Coexisting light chain diseases such as AL amyloid and cast nephropathy were found in 30% of patients; those with LCDD and concurrent amyloid tended to have shorter survival. Cardiac involvement by LCDD was seen in one‐third of our patients and was associated with shorter overall survival; such patients also had a significantly higher risk of treatment‐related mortality (TRM) after stem cell transplant (SCT) compared to LCDD patients without cardiac involvement. This study highlights that MM patients with LCDD present with different clinical features compared to previously reported LCDD cohorts. Rapid initiation of treatment is necessary to prevent progressive renal disease and worse outcome. Coexisting light chain diseases and cardiac involvement are more common than previously reported and confer worse clinical outcome, emphasizing the need for careful patient careful patient evaluation and treatment selection.
Associations between elevated pre‐treatment serum cytokines and peripheral blood cellular markers of immunosuppression in patients with lymphoma
Authors: Binder Moritz , O'Byrne Megan M. , Maurer Matthew J. , Ansell Stephen , Feldman Andrew L. , Cerhan James , Novak Anne , Porrata Luis F. , Markovic Svetomir , Link Brian K. , Witzig Thomas E.
Published: April 2017

Higher ratios of the pre‐treatment peripheral blood absolute lymphocyte (ALC) to absolute monocyte counts (AMC) are associated with improved outcomes in lymphoma. Conversely, elevated pre‐treatment serum cytokines are associated with inferior outcomes. The relationship between pre‐treatment serum cytokines and ALC/AMC ratios remains unknown. We studied twelve serum cytokines and the ALC/AMC ratios in 390 patients with untreated diffuse large B‐cell, follicular, mantle cell, T‐cell, and Hodgkin lymphoma. Different pre‐treatment serum cytokine concentrations correlated with ALC, AMC, and ALC/AMC ratios depending on the lymphoma type. In the entire cohort (n = 390) lower ALC/AMC ratios modestly correlated with higher IL‐2R (r = −0.36), IL‐12 (r = −0.17), IP‐10 (r = −0.23), and MIG (r = −0.32) concentrations (p < 0.001). Elevated IL‐2R was independently associated with suppressed ALC (OR 2.69, 95% CI 1.77–4.07,p < 0.001), elevated AMC (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.34–3.14,p < 0.001), and suppressed ALC/AMC ratios (OR 3.51, 95% CI 2.31–5.34,p < 0.001). Both elevated IL‐2R (HR 2.27, 95% CI 1.48–3.49,p < 0.001) and suppressed ALC/AMC ratios (HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.03–2.28,p = 0.037) were independently associated with inferior overall survival. These data support the notion that elevated serum cytokines are immunosuppressive and provide further rationale to target the tumor microenvironment for therapeutic benefit.
Topotactic Epitaxy of SrTiO3 Mesocrystal Superstructures with Anisotropic Construction for Efficient Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Zhang Peng , Ochi Tomoya , Fujitsuka Mamoru , Kobori Yasuhiro , Majima Tetsuro , Tachikawa Takashi
Published: April 2017

The higher‐order structures of semiconductor‐based photocatalysts play crucial roles in their physicochemical properties for efficient light‐to‐energy conversion. A novel perovskite SrTiO3 mesocrystal superstructure with well‐defined orientation of assembled cubic nanocrystals was synthesized by topotactic epitaxy from TiO2 mesocrystals through a facile hydrothermal treatment. The SrTiO3 mesocrystal exhibits three times the efficiency for the hydrogen evolution of conventional disordered systems in alkaline aqueous solution. It also exhibits a high quantum yield of 6.7 % at 360 nm in overall water splitting and even good durability up to 1 day. Temporal and spatial spectroscopic observations revealed that the synergy of the efficient electron flow along the internal nanocube network and efficient collection at the larger external cubes produces remarkably long‐lived charges for enhanced photocatalysis.
Palladium in der chemischen Synthese und Modifizierung von Proteinen
Authors: Jbara Muhammad , Maity Suman Kumar , Brik Ashraf
Published: April 2017

In den letzten Jahren hat das Gebiet der ortsspezifischen Modifizierung von Proteinen aufgrund seiner Bedeutung für die Entwicklung neuer Therapeutika, das Verständnis biochemischer und zellulärer Verhaltensweisen von Proteinen und verwandte Forschungsgebiete erhebliche Beachtung gefunden. Durch die Gegenwart einer großen Anzahl reaktiver funktioneller Gruppen im betreffenden Protein und in der zellulären Umgebung stellt die Modifizierung einer spezifischen Stelle eine besonders schwierige Aufgabe dar. Mit der Entwicklung ausgeklügelter chemischer Methoden ist es nun möglich, eine bestimmte Stelle eines Proteins hinsichtlich einer gewünschten Modifizierung zielgerichtet anzugehen, obgleich noch nicht alle Probleme gelöst sind. In diesem Zusammenhang haben Übergangsmetall‐gesteuerte Reaktionen, insbesondere Palladium‐vermittelte C‐C‐Bindungsbildungen und C‐O‐Bindungsspaltungen, aufgrund der einzigartigen katalytischen Eigenschaften von Palladium breites Interesse gewonnen. Palladium‐Chemie wird derzeit intensiv für Protein‐Modifizierungen in vitro, auf der Zelloberfläche und im Zellinneren untersucht. Erst kürzlich wurden Palladium‐Komplexe für die schnelle Entfernung mehrerer weithin eingesetzter Cystein‐Schutzgruppen sowie für die Entfernung von Löslichkeits‐Tags zur Ermöglichung einer chemischen Protein‐Synthese eingesetzt. Dieser Kurzaufsatz beleuchtet die Fortschritte und erörtert, wie vorhandene Kenntnisse der Palladium‐Chemie kleiner Moleküle eindrucksvoll auf das Gebiet der chemischen Protein‐Synthese und ‐Modifizierung übertragen werden können.
Subnanomolar Detection of Oligonucleotides through Templated Fluorogenic Reaction in Hydrogels: Controlling Diffusion to Improve Sensitivity
Authors: Al Sulaiman Dana , Chang Jason Y. H. , Ladame Sylvain
Published: April 2017

Oligonucleotide‐templated reactions are valuable tools for nucleic acid sensing both in vitro and in vivo. They are typically carried out under conditions that make any reaction in the absence of template highly unfavorable (most commonly by using a low concentration of reactants), which has a negative impact on the detection sensitivity. Herein, we report a novel platform for fluorogenic oligonucleotide‐templated reactions between peptide nucleic acid probes embedded within permeable agarose and alginate hydrogels. We demonstrate that under conditions of restricted mobility (that is, limited diffusion), non‐specific interactions between probes are prevented, thus leading to lower background signals. When applied to nucleic acid sensing, this accounts for a significant increase in sensitivity (that is, lower limit of detection). Optical nucleic acid sensors based on fluorogenic peptide nucleic acid probes embedded in permeable, physically crosslinked, alginate beads were also engineered and proved capable of detecting DNA concentrations as low as 100 pm.
Direct Self‐Assembly of a 2D and 3D Star of David
Authors: Song Bo , Zhang Zhe , Wang Kun , Hsu Chih‐Hao , Bolarinwa Olapeju , Wang Jing , Li Yiming , Yin Guang‐Qiang , Rivera Edwin , Yang Hai‐Bo , Liu Changlin , Xu Bingqian , Li Xiaopeng
Published: April 2017

Two‐ and three‐dimensional metallosupramolecules shaped like a Star of David were synthesized by the self‐assembly of a tetratopic pyridyl ligand with a 180° diplatinum(II) motif and PdII ions, respectively. In contrast to other strategies, such as template‐directed synthesis and stepwise self‐assembly, this design enables the formation of 2D and 3D structures in one step and high yield. The structures were characterized by both one‐dimensional (1H, 13C, 31P) and two‐dimensional (COSY, NOESY, DOSY) NMR spectroscopy, ESI‐MS, ion‐mobility mass spectrometry (IM–MS), AFM, and TEM. The stabilities of the 2D and 3D structures were measured and compared by gradient tandem mass spectrometry (gMS2). The high stability of the 3D Star of David was correlated to its high density of coordination sites (DOCS).
Role of Knoevenagel condensate pyrazolone derivative Schiff base ligated transition metal complexes in biological assay and cytotoxic efficacy
Authors: Paulpandiyan Rajakkani , Arunadevi Alagarraj , Raman Natarajan
Published: April 2017

A new bioessential Knoevenagel condensate Schiff base ligand (L) was synthesized by the reaction of 3‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxybenzyl)pentane‐2,4‐dione and 4‐aminoantipyrine. The ligand forms monomeric divalent transition metal complexes (1–4) which were characterized using spectral and analytical data. All these complexes have the general formula [ML]Cl2, where M = Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II). They are electrolytic in nature and adopt square planar geometry. The binding propensity of these complexes with calf thymus DNA was investigated using absorption spectrophotometric titration, cyclic voltammetry and viscosity measurements. The binding constant values imply that the complexes bind with DNA via intercalation mode. The in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities reveal that the complexes have good antimicrobial efficacy against a set of pathogens. The nucleolytic cleavage activity of these complexes on pUC18 DNA was investigated using agarose gel electrophoresis. Also, the in vitro cytotoxicity of the synthesized complexes against a panel of human tumour cell lines (MCF‐7 and HeLa) and normal cell lines (NHDF and HEK) was assayed using the MTT method. Interestingly, complex 1 exhibits more potent anticancer activity than cisplatin and other complexes.
FTutor: An interactive guide to the fundamentals of frequency analysis
Authors: Sečkář Petr , Svoboda David
Published: April 2017

In image processing, the field of frequency analysis plays an important and irreplaceable role. Due to the knowledge of which frequencies correspond to which image characteristics, we can efficiently solve tasks such as smoothing, edge detection, regular pattern detection or removal, and image compression. Therefore, understanding of basic principles is of great importance for people working in fields requiring signal and image processing knowledge and skills. The key link between the standard image domain and frequency domain is provided by the well‐known Fourier transform. Even though this transform is commonly understood as a standard framework for frequency analysis, proper understanding of its fundamentals is often hindered by many people's preoccupation with complex numbers and trigonometric functions. In this paper, we introduce a novel application called FTutor. It aims to serve as an interactive guide for those who are beginning to learn about the Fourier transform and want to properly understand its principles. In particular, FTutor is designed for use by the students and teachers of image processing courses to simplify and ease the process of understanding the frequency domain. The application is freely available from http://cbia.fi.muni.cz/projects/ftutor.html together with its source code. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 25:508–520, 2017; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21817
A multipurpose toolkit for teaching DSP in an undergraduate course
Authors: Joseph Diya , Chawla Prateek , Chander Harish , Rawat Tarun Kumar
Published: April 2017

Teaching an introductory course in Digital Signal Processing (DSP) involves the careful selection and arrangement of essential topics from the vast expanse of the subject. A substantial amount of effort from the teacher is required to deliver mathematical and algorithmic concepts. In this paper, we present a Windows Store App which can be used as a teaching aid for an introductory undergraduate DSP course. The app has six modules. Four of the modules demonstrate problems which require complex calculations, viz. linear convolution, circular convolution, radix‐2 Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter design. These modules display elaborate butterfly diagrams and matrix multiplications to enhance pedagogy. The other two modules form a digital signal processor toolkit based on a hypothetical 16‐bit floating‐point digital signal processor, with a simple instruction set. The app has been used to teach a course on DSP and a positive feedback was received from the students. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 25:530–541, 2017; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21819
Three's a crowd: The impact of the organisation on the fee practices of volunteer therapists
Authors: Cooper Hannah Marie
Published: April 2017

Aims

To explore how therapists experience significant events surrounding the fee within a voluntary organisation setting when tasked with sustaining fee payments without financial gain to themselves.

Method

A qualitative study involving semi‐structured interviews with twelve therapists of varying modalities, practising voluntarily within a counselling organisation. Participants shared a significant event surrounding the fee, their response, the sense they made of it and its lasting impact. Transcriptions were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

Findings captured a rich set of experiences that roused powerful tensions involved in a therapeutic consideration of money, grouped into four main areas of impact: Impact from Within, Impact from Outside, Impact on Therapist and Legacy. Belief in its strengthening presence within the therapeutic dyad was in stark conflict with the threat it posed to rupture the relationship and revealed powerful dissonance, impacted further by the complex tripartite dynamic fostered by the organisation.

Conclusions

Money can be worked with creatively to facilitate movement within therapy. However, this is most often achieved only after therapist and client have tolerated considerable discomfort when money is concretely handled outside the therapeutic space. Less risk of rupture occurs when the fee is contained within the therapeutic relationship, and when responsibility is assumed by the therapist from the outset.
Embodied situatedness and emotional entanglement in research – An autoethnographic hybrid inquiry into the experience of doing data analysis
Authors: Bager‐Charleson Sofie , Kasap Zeynep
Published: April 2017

Background

In clinical practice, counsellors and psychotherapists rely heavily on their emotional and embodied responses as part of their data gathering. What happens with this epistemological positioning when we generate knowledge in therapy research? Aim: As therapists– researchers, we are intrigued by what Bondi (2012, Qualitative Inquiry, 19, 9) refers to as a gap between therapeutic practice and research. There are many angles to this ‘gap’, but we have focused on the how to conceptualise and act on our embodied responses during our data analysis phase, with an interest in the emotional entanglement between researchers and the researched.

Materials & Methods

There is relatively little written about therapists’ relational, emotional or embodied response during the data analysis stage. Using some experiences from a recent mixed‐method study into the impact of training on multilingual therapists, we will revisit our research process within an autoethnographic hybrid (Stanley 2013) approach, influenced by introspective and intersubjective reflexivity (Finlay and Gough, 2003, Reflexivity: A practical guide. London: Blackwell) with personal experience as a route through which to produce academic knowledge.

Results

The study involved emotional entanglement on different levels; linguistically, personally and as an underpinning grappling with worldviews in light of the researchers’ different epistemic origins.

Concluding Discussion

Being in a no‐mans‐land between old and new understandings triggered a sense of loss of theory and challenged temporarily our sense of selves. Bion (1961, Learning from experience. London: Karnac) and Gendlin (1997, A process model. New York: Focusing Institute) are examples of ‘frameworks’ which helped to welcome the feeling of lost‐ness, rather than feeling threatened and overwhelmed. The process reminds of the epistemic positioning we learn to adopt in our therapeutic practice. Gendlin (1997) refers to this kind ‘staying with’ the ‘body‐feel’ as means of generating new understandings. The purpose of this article has not been to offer a step by‐step approach to data analysis, but rather to join Stanley's (2013, Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 44, 143) ‘call for accounts’ about what it feels like to do research. Some stages involved excitement, growth, harmony and enrichment, other felt surprisingly unsettling as our own prior understanding expanded. This article only scrapes the surface but might stimulate further discussions around the researcher's use of self at different stages of the process. Therapists are increasingly encouraged to develop research informed practice; this article suggests that our attention also turns to practice informed research, to create platforms for discussions around emotional entanglement with greater epistemic congruence between relational, emotionally attuned practice for both therapists and researcher.