bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Awareness, Views, and Expectations about COVID-19 Vaccinations
Authors: Anand P. J. Swathy , Shankar Kiran S. , Haneef Teena , Nair Lekshmy S. R. , Seniya K. M. , Soorya R. A.
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

Several vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been licensed and are being administered worldwide in various countries. However, the awareness, behaviors, and expectations of COVID-19 vaccines among dental clinic patients are poorly understood.

Methods:

An e-survey was carried out among 1800 patients who visited dental clinics in India. The survey was carried out using a questionnaire of four parts and informed consent (i.e. sociodemographics, knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions). The investigators used Internet methods for data collection during the pandemic.

Results:

The mean awareness score was significantly higher among participants who reported having a university/higher level of schooling, being in the upper socioeconomic status community, living in cities, and having previously received all required vaccines. The mean attitude score was slightly higher for participants who reported being female and had a history of getting all required vaccinations. Just over half (52%) of participants felt everyone should be vaccinated. This interpretation was slightly higher among females than males (56.9% vs. 47.9%, P = 0.004).

Conclusions:

The results indicate that patients attending dental clinics in India have insufficient awareness but more optimistic attitudes about the COVID-19 vaccine. Immediate health promotion campaigns must be implemented before vaccine schedules in order to increase awareness.
Evaluation of the Effect of Different Types of Fluoride on Tensile Properties and Surface Roughness of Different Titanium-Based Archwires
Authors: Balakrishnan Rajkumar , Jeri Sumaya Yousuf , Rekha V. R. , Singh Gangesh Bahadur , Deepak P. R. , Nair Achuthan
Published: February 2023

Objectives:

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of different types of fluoride on tensile properties and surface roughness of titanium based archwires clinically.

Materials and methods:

Three groups of archwires, namely nickel–titanium (NiTi), heat activated NiTi, and TMA was evaluated clinically. Each group comprised four subgroups, namely as received group, nonfluoride control group, APF gel group (received one application of 1.23% APF gel), and sodium fluoride mouthwash group (patients rinsed twice daily with 0.2% sodium fluoride mouthwash). All the archwires were removed after 3 weeks of clinical use and evaluated for surface roughness with three dimensional optical profiler. Tensile strength and elongation rate was determined with Instron universal testing machine.

Results:

NiTi, heat activated NiTi, and TMA archwires with APF gel application showed the highest reduction in tensile strength and elongation rate and highest value for surface roughness, followed by sodium fluoride mouthwash group and finally wires without fluoride application. NiTi wires had the highest reduction in tensile strength with APF gel followed by heat activated NiTi and TMA.

Conclusion:

APF gel with highest concentration of fluoride caused most degradation in the tensile properties and surface roughness of titanium based arch wires.
A Comparative Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Added Auxiliary Features, Occlusal Surface Modifications, and Reduction of Total Occlusal Convergence on the Resistance of Full Veneer Metal Crowns on a Molar Tooth with Inadequate Resistance Form
Authors: Agrawal Nitu , Chaudhari Rahul Kishore , Gheware Anjali Gaurishankar , Syed Azeem Ul Yaqin , Rashidi Tabish , Bhutta Hadeer
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

Single crowns or fixed partial dentures retainers usually get dislodged due to inadequate resistance form. Hence, it is prudent to evaluate features of a tooth preparation, which can prevent these failures.

Aim:

To evaluate the effect of auxiliary features, occlusal surface modifications, and total occlusal convergence (TOC) on the resistance of a full veneer crown.

Materials and Methods:

An ivorine mandibular molar tooth was prepared with features of inadequate resistance form, i.e., 2.5 mm axial wall height and TOC of 20°. Seven auxiliary preparation features were subsequently added one by one to it. They were mesiodistal grooves, buccolingual and mesiodistal grooves, buccolingual grooves, mesiodistal boxes, occlusal inclined planes, 8° reduced TOC in the cervical aspect, and mesiodistal grooves added to 8° reduced TOC in the cervical aspect. Ten dies with their respective crowns were prepared for each group. Resistance testing of all the samples was performed on the INSTRON testing machine.

Results:

Modification of the overtapered die preparation by reducing the TOC to 8° in the cervical 1.5 mm of the axial wall and then subsequently adding mesiodistal grooves to the reduced TOC cervically offered the greatest resistance to dislodgment statistically.

Conclusion:

For an overtapered preparation, reducing the TOC to 8° in the cervical aspect and subsequently adding proximal grooves can provide maximum resistance form.
Is Open Reduction and Internal Fixation Sacrosanct in the Management of Subcondylar Fractures
Authors: Dayalan Nandini , Kumari Bhawna , Khanna Shilpa Sunil , Ansari Faisal Mohiuddin , Grewal Ramandeep , Kumar Sanket , Tiwari Rahul V. C.
Published: February 2023

Purpose:

This paper is intended to compare and evaluate the better treatment option in the management of subcondylar fractures of the mandible.

Materials and Methods:

This study included 20 patients who were diagnosed clinically and radiologically to have sustained an isolated subcondylar fracture of the mandible. They were divided into two groups randomly. Group I included 10 patients who underwent treatment by intermaxillary fixation alone followed by active physiotherapy in the form of conservative management. Group II included 10 patients who underwent treatment by surgical intervention for open reduction and internal fixation under general anesthesia following elastic guidance. Factors such as maximal mouth opening, pain scores, and deviation of mandible on mouth opening were taken into consideration and evaluated.

Results:

It is observed that the patients in Group I had weight loss and restrictions in their social well-being in the early recovery phase, in addition to delay in return to function. In spite of the early return to function, patients in Group II were subjected to all kinds of surgical complications such as transient facial nerve injury, infection, and unesthetic scar. The maximal mouth opening and deviation of the mandible on mouth opening remained almost the same in both groups.

Conclusion:

A regular follow up of operated patients post trauma is essential to obtain morphological and functional recovery. When the respective advantages and disadvantages of both treatment options were compared and evaluated, it was observed that patients treated by closed reduction had a better clinical and psychological outcome.
The Association between Chronic Heroin Smoking and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Bitar Ahmad Naoras , Khan Amer Hayat , Sulaiman Syed Azhar Syed , Ali Irfhan Ali Bin Hyder , Khan Irfanullah
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

Little is known about the correlation between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heroin smoking. Heroin smoking is a recent underinvestigated problem. The goal of this study is to study the impact of heroin smoking among COPD patients.

Methods:

This is a descriptive clinical study. A combination of self-reporting questionnaires and data extraction tools were used to collect information during baseline tests, interviews, and follow-ups. Patients' medical, clinical, and socioeconomic history were recorded. Participants were recruited using random sampling from multiple centers.

Results:

Out of 1034 COPD patients, heroin smokers represented the vast majority of addiction cases (n = 133). Heroin smokers were leaner than non-addicts (19.78 ± 4.07 and 24.01 ± 5.6, respectively). The most common type of comorbidities among heroin smokers was emphysema (27%). Both the forced expiratory volume (FEV1)/forced vital capacity ratio and FEV1% predicted were lower among heroin smokers than non-addicts (52.79 ± 12.71 and 48.54 ± 14.38, respectively). The majority of heroin smokers (55%) had advanced COPD, and at least 15% of heroin smokers suffered from frequent respiratory failure. The mean ± SD for COPD onset age among heroin smokers was 44.23 ± 5.72, and it showed a statistically significant correlation (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Heroin smoking might be linked to the onset of COPD. Heroin smokers showed a significantrespiratory impairment compared to tobacco smokers of the same age group.
Sturge–Weber Syndrome and Glaucoma
Authors: Anbuselvan Sambavi , Venkatachalam Paneerselvam
Published: February 2023

Sturge–Weber syndrome (SWS) is a neurocutaneous syndrome characterized by capillary venous malformations in the skin, eye, and brain with the occurrence of angiomas of the face, choroid, and leptomeninges. The characteristics signs include facial port-wine birth mark, glaucoma, choroidal hemangioma with brain malformations, and cognitive abnormalities. In this article, we have documented the case report of a 24-year-old male with SWS presenting with glaucoma.
Association of Human Papilloma Virus in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Venkatesh Arvind , Elengkumaran S. , Ravindran C. , Malathi N.
Published: February 2023

Background:

The percentage of cancers of the tongue and palatine tonsils has continued to increase by 2%–4% among younger men. This increased prevalence of a subsection of oropharyngeal carcinoma can be associated with human papillomavirus (HPV). Among the head-and-neck cancers, a strong association with HPV infection is evident with oropharyngeal cancers, particularly tonsillar and basal tongue cancers.

Objectives:

Oral carcinoma, with an overall incidence of 16.1 adults per 100,000, is one of the leading malignancies worldwide, presenting a noticeable geographic variation in its distribution. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) being the most common of all oral malignancies, the objective of the study is to detect the HPV antigen p16 over-expression in patients with oral SCC using immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Materials and Methods:

Oral SCC (OSCC) diagnosed formalin-fixed-paraffin embedded blocks were processed for IHC.

Results:

Out of 50 cases, 3 were deferred due to insufficient tumor sample and 2/47 cases were p16 positive and the site was the lateral border of the tongue.

Conclusion:

The HPV antigen overexpression in patients with OSCC was investigated to detect the incidence of HPV in SCC of oral cavity. P16 was used as a marker for the detection of OSCC using IHC in HPV-induced OSCC. Positives were detected thus concluding the significance of studying HPV expression during diagnosis.
COVID-2019–2020–2021
Authors: Reddy S. Ganesh Kumar , Mantena Maanini , Garlapati Sameer Krishna Prasad , Manohar B. Prasanth , Singh Harpreet , Bajwa Karan Singh , Tiwari Heena
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

The world has faced the pandemic of COVID-19 in March 2020 and still it continues to affect in 2021. There is a great variation about the course of the disease and its features. Hence, in the present systemic review, we intend to determine the pooled estimations in the clinical features and prognosis along with the subgroups based on the severity of the disease in various regions of the world.

Materials and Methods:

Online data were collected from the search engines of EBSCO, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The searched terms were COVID 19, CORONA, SARS-CoV-2, clinical features, Wuhan, etc. The study articles were collected that from January 2020 to February 2021. Based on the PRISMA guidelines, a meta-analysis was performed.

Results:

A total of 5067 articles were selected, of which 176 were finalized for the study. There were a total of 11 countries that were included, with a total of 2½ lakh participants. Mean age was 47.5 years. Around 22.5% had comorbidities. The mortality was 5.5%. We observed a strong association between the medical condition of the patient and the severity of the infection. In severe cases, the most common symptoms were respiratory and gastrointestinal. The mortality was registered in those with pneumonia and end-organ failure.

Conclusion:

It can be concluded from this meta-analysis that in a fourth of the positive patients, the disease was severe. In nearly 6% of the COVID-19 patients, mortality was seen. Patients with comorbidities and the severe form of the disease should be closely monitored.
Evaluation of Root Dentinal Damage Associated with ProTaper Gold, WaveOne Gold, and ProTaper Next during Cleaning and Shaping Procedures
Authors: Koroth Sarin , Ponnappa K. C. , Simon Elsy P. , Bharath Subin , Vivek V. J. , Raveendran Chandini
Published: February 2023

Aim:

The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the incidence of dentinal defects after root canal shaping using rotary nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) instruments (ProTaper Gold [PTG] and ProTaper Next [PTN]) and reciprocating instrument (WaveOne Gold [WOG]).

Materials and Methods:

One hundred human mandibular premolars with single root and single canal with canal curvature <10° were randomly divided into five groups (n = 20 teeth per group). The root canals were instrumented using hand K-files (positive control), full sequence rotary files PTG and PTN, and reciprocating single-file system WOG. One group was left unprepared and served as negative control. Roots were sectioned horizontally at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex and evaluated under a stereomicroscope.

Results:

PTG, WOG, and PTN showed dentinal defects in 40%, 53.3%and 30% of the samples, respectively.

Conclusion:

Irrespective of motion kinematics, dentinal defects are observed in all the Ni-Ti file groups. Within the limitations of the present study and the available literature, incidence of dentinal defects is less with instruments working in continuous rotation rather than instruments with reciprocating motion.
Survey of Stress in COVID Patient Post Treatment
Authors: Kancherla Neeraj , Garlapati Sameer Krishna Prasad , Raparla Yeswanth Kumar , Jamil Maria , Jamil Javairia , Mannava Sai Mahitha
Published: February 2023

Aim:

The purpose of our study was to examine the mental health status of patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) who were hospitalized.

Methodology:

In this cross-sectional study, 106 inpatients with COVID-19 who had stable clinical conditions were evaluated psychologically by questionnaire: Depression, anxiety, and stress scales-21 (DASS-21).

Results:

About one-third of patients had comorbidities. In totality, 97.2% of patients with COVID-19 had some grade of depression. Extent of depression, assessed with the help of the DASS questionnaire, was 85.8%. All patients (100%) had serious (0.9%) and grave level of (99.1%) anxiety. Regarding to stress levels, 97.1% of patients had some degree of stress. In the worsening of stress category, 84.9% of patients had high-stress levels.

Conclusion:

The presence of such increased prevalence and seriousness of psychiatric disorders among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 underlines the necessity for serious consideration to the mental health standing of these patients.
Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitude, Awareness, Fear, and Anxiety Levels in Pateints Visisting the Routine Dental Outpatient Department during COVID 19 Pandemic - A Cross-sectional Hospital-Based Observational Research
Authors: Vohra Puneeta , Verma Rajnish Kumar , Mongia Jeswin Singh , Kumar Pratiksha , Sukhija Hemani , Singh Richa , Tiwari Heena
Published: February 2023

Background:

Since the COVID 19 pandemic has hit worldwide wide being one of the biggest psychological menace that had an impact on all socioeconomic strata as well age group of society. Looking at the present scenario of confusion and anxiety a cross-sectional research was planned to see the level of fear and anxiety among a patient who is already having concern about his oral health and when he comes to a dental outpatient department (OPD) what are his main areas of concern and anxiety.

Methodology:

Cross-sectional study was planned in faculty of dental sciences, all the patients coming to dental OPD over a period of 3 months from November 2020 to March 2021 were asked to self-fill or fill with assistance a google form compromising of 10 multiple response questionnaire validated according to previous studies and surveys. Later on, the data was compiled and evaluated.

Results:

Out of 511 Patients enrolled in the study after taking their online consent. 28.2% of population did not know about COVID 19. 67.4% were aware about the pandemic whereas 4.4% were confused and did not know about the complete scenario. 36.9% of population were not in stress and 62.4% were in stress and had anxiety regarding their visit for dental check up and treatment. 30.4% had no fear of catching the infection from dental procedure, 62.4% had fear and 7.2% of population was ignorant regarding the same. About 70.7% had quarantined themselves before coming for dental treatment. 62.4% were willing for dental treatment post-vaccination and 26% were not willing for treatment 11.6% were not sure. After applying statistical analysis, it was found that P < 0.05 and people coming to dental OPD were in lot of stress and anxiety regarding the dental procedures during the COVID pandemic.

Conclusion:

Since the global pandemic has caused major worry among the populations but still there are many who are not so anxious. Knowledge and awareness regarding the disease and vaccination have led to a wave of calmness in some, but still many people have been impacted and are in major dilemma whether they should get a dental treatment or should delay it ??
Assessment of Serum Selenium and Ceruloplasmin in Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Cancer
Authors: Mampilly Mathew O. , Ravindran Nidhi , Parambil Mohamed Shajith , Nilesh Kumar , Jayagopalan Parvathi , Dhamali Debjit
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

Despite extensive research and development, potentially malignant disorders (PMDs) of the oral cavity and oral cancer remain a serious concern. Diet and immunity have been identified as important modifiable factors in such diseases.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 20 patients and 10 healthy individuals, aged 30–60 years, were chosen from the outpatient Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yenepoya Dental College and hospital, Karnataka. The participants were grouped into three: Group 1: (10 healthy individuals), Group 2: (10 oral leukoplakia patients) and Group 3: (10 squamous cell carcinoma patients). Blood was chosen as the investigative medium. Ceruloplasmin was estimated by the diamine oxidase method. The technique of atomic absorption developed by Sir Alan Walsh in 1950 has become the preferred method of elemental analysis of selenium (atomic absorption spectrometer). Statistical analysis of the data obtained was done using one-way ANOVA test and the Turkey multiple comparisons test.

Results:

The intergroup comparison of ceruloplasmin shows that the mean value of Group I (Control) was 31.746 mg/dl, the mean value of Group II (leukoplakia) was 81.411 mg/dl, and the mean value of Group III (squamous cell carcinoma) was 90.7120 mg/dl. The intergroup comparison of selenium levels shows that the mean value of Group I (Control) was 119.937 (ng/ml), the mean value of Group II (leukoplakia) was 109.17 (ng/ml), and the mean value of Group III (squamous cell carcinoma) was 99.6230 (ng/ml).

Conclusion:

Antioxidants are an important defense system against free radical damage to cells. Ceruloplasmin and selenium levels in serum could be used as disease markers in leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma.
Autorotation of the Mandible as Sequelae to Maxillary Intrusion
Authors: Reddy S. Ganesh Kumar , Ibrahim Hisham M. , Bhardwaj Shweta , Potdar Suraj , Kumar Akshay , Uppal Ashish , Tiwari Heena
Published: February 2023

Background:

Autorotation of the mandible is a normally anticipated phenomenon following a surgical superior repositioning of the maxilla in clinical situations where patients have an excessive gummy smile. Prediction of the surgical treatment outcome following a presurgical orthodontic treatment is a critical element in the surgical treatment planning.

Materials and Methods:

The relevant articles were selected by hand search and electronic media (Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane) from 1982 to 2020. All the relevant articles were properly screened, and findings were extracted from the articles.

Results:

It was observed that, following maxillary intrusion, mandible would eventually autorotate to take a new occlusion. Mandibular autorotation as a result of maxillary intrusion would lead to minimal shortening of the lower lip in the vertical plane. It was observed that the amount of mandibular autorotation correlates with the extent of maxillary impaction. Studies have shown that there is a passive soft-tissue response which may be attributed to the fact that no muscular detachment had been affected in the lower lip and soft-tissue chin region during the maxillary surgery.

Conclusion:

It is observed that there is a definite influence on the mandibular and chin positions as a result of maxillary intrusion and autorotation of the mandible. Every 1 mm of maxillary superior impaction, the chin moved 0.6 mm vertically and 0.2 mm horizontally. There is an appreciable shortening of the lower lip length.
Efficacy of Spironolactone in Adult Acne in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients an Original Research
Authors: Rani Neha , Kumar Prashant , Mishra Anup Kumar , Sankuratri Bala Yadu Vamsi , Sethi Sanjana , Gelada Kalyani , Tiwari Heena
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

This prospective clinical trial was designed to assess the effects of a long-term therapy with spironolactone, with and without dietary-induced weight-loss, on clinical features, lipid profile, and insulin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Materials and Methods:

Twenty-five patients (range of age 16–32 year; 13 lean and 12 overweight) fulfilling formal diagnostic criteria for PCOS (oligomenorrhea and/or amenorrhea, biochemical and/or clinical evidence of hyperadrogenism) were studied at baseline and then received oral spironolactone (100 mg/die) for 12 months; association with lifestyle modifications was recommended to all overweight patients. Clinical, endocrine, and metabolic parameters (oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT], lipid profile) were measured at baseline and at the end of the antiandrogen treatment.

Results:

The therapy was associated with a significant average decline of triglycerides in overweight subjects and with increased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels in lean patients. The insulin levels at 60 min during OGTT, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance and area under curve of insulin were significantly lowered in overweight women after 12 months of spironolactone and weight loss and no negative changes in insulin secretion and sensitivity were observed in PCOS women after pharmacological treatment alone.

Conclusion:

The efficacy of spironolactone on the androgenic clinical aspects of PCOS has been confirmed in this study. Furthermore, our data show that long-term treatment with spironolactone exerts no negative effects on lipoprotein profile and glucose metabolism; more relevant beneficial effects on glucose and lipid metabolism were observed when the antiandrogen was associated with weight loss in overweight PCOS women.
Awareness and Knowledge of Different Types of Face Masks amid the COVID-19 Pandemic among Health-Care Professionals across Kingdom of Saudi Arabia an Original Research
Authors: Almomen Khadijah Ali , Alghamdi Hanan Ahmed , Ahmad Hend Abdrahman , AlJaafar Leena Faisal , Alawad Marwa Salman , Alharbi Mayar Saad , Abaalkhail Nouf
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

With the attack of the COVID-19 pandemic on the world, many countries have opted for the lockdown for preventing the spread of the virus. There have been many proposals for the prevention at individual level. These include repeated washing of hands, the sanitization, and the usage of the mouth masks. There have been many studies that suggested various types of the mouth masks for the prevention of the infection. Hence, in the present study, we intend to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of the health-care personnel of the different types of the face masks.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted the present review by the cross sectional survey method. The study is questionnaire based that was done for a period of 6 months. The survey was done by online only. The participation was voluntary and done in the state wide hospitals in the kingdom of the Saudi Arabia. The survey compromised twenty questions that assessed the knowledge and awareness of the health-care personnel of the different types of the face masks.

Results:

The total number of the participants was 1000. All were aware of the proper usage of the masks. There was noted enough awareness of the types of the masks among the participants. However, the awareness can further be enhanced.

Conclusion:

At the present condition of the infection rate, there may be a third wave of the pandemic around the world. As it has been shown in many studies that these barriers have prevented the infection rate, the wisdom points toward the prevention of the disease. The awareness has increased among the health care and also the personnel are conscious of the types of the masks. The same can be evaluated for the general public and the method of the mask wear can be appraised.
Microleakage at Implant Abutment and Prosthesis Interface in Cemented Implant-Supported Prosthesis
Authors: Kumari Soni , Jadhav Manish Shivaji , Gupta Vishal , Isaac Tarun Koshy , Subramanium Angel , Kumar Vinit
Published: February 2023

Background:

Dental implants have an important role in mainstream dental practice today to restore esthetics. The present study was conducted to evaluate the microleakage at implant abutment and prosthesis interface in cemented implant-supported prosthesis.

Materials and Methods:

The present study comprised sixty replicas of abutment analog with length 5 mm, width of platform 4.8 mm, and taper 6° which were milled and divided into three groups. In Group I, nickel–chromium copings were fabricated; marginal gap was evaluated with optical microscope and luted with zinc oxide noneugenol cement, Group II with zinc polycarboxylate cement, and Group III with zinc phosphate cement. Microleakage was scored by the method used by Tjan et al.

Results:

The mean microleakage score in Group I was 2.5, in Group II was 1.9, and in Group III was 1.05. The difference was significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

All cements showed microleakage. Minimum microleakage was seen with zinc phosphate cement than zinc oxide noneugenol cement and zinc polycarboxylate cement.
Phenotypic Expression of Oral Fibroblasts Derived from Oral Submucous Fibrosis
Authors: Banerjee Abhishek , Mampilly Mathew O. , Kamath V. V. , Athreya Vijayaraghavan , Kotrashetti Vijayalakshmi , Srivastava Kumar Chandan , Shrivastava Deepti
Published: February 2023

Objective:

The present study aimed to establish cell lines of fibroblast from human OSF tissues and their response to varying concentrations of arecoline. The various morphological forms of fibroblasts were identified to establish phenotypic change.

Materials and Method:

Fibroblast cell lines were obtained from control samples as well as from OSF cases. The cell lines were treated with 50/100/150/300/500 ug/ml of arecoline and morphology were determined.

Results:

Three morphological forms were detected; F1 spindle, F2 epitheloid and the F3 stellate. The F3 to F1 ratio was higher in OSF. Arecoline at 50ug/ml was stimulatory and at 150ug/ml cytotoxic to the cell lines.

Conclusion:

Arecoline seems to enhance proliferation of the fibroblast at lower concentrations but cytotoxic at higher levels. This is probably due to the generation of new cell lines and response of the arecoline receptors indicating phenotypic change.
A Radiological Evaluation of Bone Healing in Postextraction Sockets Following Bone Grafting Using Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate and Calcium Phosphosilicate
Authors: Saha Alangkar , Sathish R. , Setty Suhas , Maji Abhijit , Saha Jayanta , Chatterjee Abhishek
Published: February 2023

Background:

Healing unbinds a well choreographed array of cellular, physiologic, biochemical, and molecular processes directed toward restoring the integrity and functional capacity of the damaged structures. The rate and degree of healing vary among individuals but is greatest during the first few months or years after tooth loss. Evidence suggests that alveolar bone ridge resorption may be prevented, initially by reconstructive surgical techniques using several materials which are employed at the time of extraction. This droves to the development of bone substitutes materials such as hydroxyapatite, beta tricalcium phosphate (β TCP), and bioactive glasses. These regenerative materials not only act as an osteoconductive scaffold but also interact with the surrounding tissues and impart an osseostimulatory effect.

Methods:

Twenty adult patients who required bilateral removal of homologous tooth, were informed and described regarding post extraction socket grafting using β TCP and CPS followed by covering with Collagen Membrane. Radiographic densitometry evaluation of postoperative visits of immediate; 1st month; 3rd month; and 6th month using orthopantomograph was done.

Results:

The Karl Pearson's Correlation coefficient was used to determine the degree of bone density with adjacent bone preoperatively and postoperatively. The statistical evaluation, CPS was more superior to β TCP, with a difference of 58.75 and P value showed more significance (<0.0001).

Conclusion:

This article evaluates radiographically quality and quantity of bone formation in the socket, following extraction and bone grafting using Calcium Phosphosilicate (CPS) and β TCP, it is concluded that the two modalities of treatment were efficient in improving the clinical outcome parameters as well as showed comparable regenerative effects when used in the treatment of “socket grafting” while between them CPS more superior to β TCP biomaterials by Osteogenic properties.
Assessment of Oral Health Status of Patients Undergoing Fixed Orthodontics
Authors: Kumar Amit , Singh Jaideep , Wasnik Milind , Mongia Jai Prakash , Mahobia Tanusha , Bansal Vishwas , Almansour Ali Hussain Mohammed
Published: February 2023

Background:

The incidence of dental caries and gingival disease is at higher level in orthodontic patients. The present study demonstrated oral health status of patients undergoing fixed orthodontics.

Methodology:

A total of 168 patients age ranged 12–17 years who were undergoing orthodontic treatment for 2 years of both genders were recruited. The assessment of dental caries as Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) score and plaque index was determined at first, second, and last visits.

Results:

Age 12 years had 22 males and 28 females, 13 years had 14 males and 22 females, 14 years had 8 males and 18 females, 15 years had 7 males and 15 females, 16 years had 6 males and 14 females, and 17 years had 9 males and 5 females. The mean DMFT score in age group 12 years was 1.74 and 2.24 at first and third visits, respectively, at 13 years was 1.60 and 2.04 at first and third visits, respectively, at 14 years was 2.38 and 2.72 at first and third visits, respectively, at 15 years was 1.74 and 2.08, at 16 years was 3.32 and 3.56 and at 17 years was 3.40, and 3.64 at first and third visits, respectively.

Conclusion:

There was significant higher dental caries and plaque index in age group 12 years.
Knowledge and Awareness of Jaw Relation among Dental Interns
Authors: Paul Marciano John Vialli , Manimaran P. , Kumar C. Dhinesh , Simon Eucharist Paul , Paul Vindha
Published: February 2023

Aims:

This study aims to explore the awareness among the interns regarding the jaw relation procedures. Jaw relation is one of the most important criteria for the fabrication of complete dentures to provide a satisfactory oral function for the aging population.

Settings and Design:

The study design was a descriptive survey.

Materials and Methods:

A self-administered questionnaire was designed and distributed among 202 interns in three different colleges in Salem and Namakkal in Tamil Nadu using Stratified Proportionate Random Sampling Technique. The survey included a questionnaire with ten questions to assess the knowledge and awareness of jaw relation procedures among the interns.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The statistical tools used to analyze the levels of awareness among the interns were frequencies and percentage analysis. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used to investigate the relationship between awareness among interns, with respect to gender, age, and complete dentures done, with the level of significance at P < 0.05 using Microsoft Excel and SPSS software version 23.

Results:

The awareness prevalent regarding jaw relation and its procedures among the respondents was 83%. There was a statistically significant relationship between maximum complete dentures done and awareness among interns (P < 0.001). Complete dentures made a significant contribution to the prediction of awareness (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:

To improve the awareness among the interns increased educational programs, clinical training and greater patient exposure to the clinical application of jaw relation procedures to construct complete dentures are needed during their undergraduate education.
Platelet-Rich Plasma and Platelet-Rich Fibrin as a Regenerative Tool
Authors: Inbarajan Athiban , Veeravalli Padmanabhan Thallam , Seenivasan Madhan Kumar , Natarajan Shanmuganathan , Sathiamurthy Anusha , Ahmed Shakir R , Vaidyanathan Anand Kumar
Published: February 2023

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) are used as a valuable adjunct in the treatment of maxillofacial rehabilitation. PRP used along with growth hormone helps in bone healing and tissue regeneration in the areas affected by bone and soft tissue-related defects. It aids not only in faster and better healing of the surgically debrided area but also in regeneration of the bone at a faster rate. This review comprises the applications of PRP and PRF and their uses in various procedures.
Maternal Periodontal Disease
Authors: Alrumayh Abdulwahab , Alfuhaid Fahad , Sayed Arshad Jamal , Tareen Sabahat Ullah Khan , Alrumayh Ibtehal , Habibullah Mohammed Ali
Published: February 2023

Background and Aims:

In periodontal disease, pathogenic inflammatory factors hold a vital part in adverse pregnancy outcomes. In recent years, there has been a large amount of literature concerning the association between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth (PTB) and low-birth-weight baby (LBWB). In the Middle-east region, reports indicate a higher rate of adverse pregnancy outcomes, and periodontitis is believed to be one of several risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes. This cross-sectional, epidemiological study aimed to investigate the prevalence of periodontal diseases among pregnant women in the Qassim region and its association as a possible risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Materials and Methodology:

This was a cross-sectional, epidemiological study of 380 pregnant women from the 8th week postconception to parturition who were attending to Maternal and Children's Hospital in Buraidah, Qassim, KSA. The data were collected through questionnaire and oral examination. Plaque scores (Silness and Loe) and gingival disease scores (Ramfjord Periodontal Disease Index [PDI]) were used to assess oral hygiene status. The questionnaire data collected included gestational age, plaque control habits, previous incidences of premature birth, and awareness of expectant mothers about periodontal disease.

Results:

Data were collected for 380 participants. Our results based on the plaque index and PDI showed that all (100%) of these 380 pregnant women suffered periodontal diseases (gingivitis 78.9% and periodontitis 21.1%). The distribution of gingivitis was the highest among 3rd trimester patients and lowest among 1st trimester patients. Mild-to-moderate types of periodontitis (4 mm–5 mm) were more prevalent among the participants compared with severe (more than 6 mm) forms of periodontitis with a higher prevalence in the 3rd trimester (7–9 months) of gestational age.

Conclusions:

A very strong significant association of pregnancy and periodontal disease in the Saudi population (Qassim Region) and periodontal disease is risk factor for PTB and LBWB for these patients.
Extracorporeal Plating of High-Level Condyle fracture Through Retromandibular Approach – A Technical Note
Authors: Murugan R. , Thiruneelakandan S. , Manojprabhakar Meera , Srivatson V.
Published: February 2023

The complex anatomy of the mandibular condyle makes its fracture management challenging and debatable. Apart from this, the approaches to condyle are also challenging as most of them depend on the surgical expertise. The retromandibular approach which was initially proposed for the vertical sub condylar osteotomies was later popularized for condyle fracture management. It is considered to be a gold standard approach in the management of low condylar fractures. Although it has its own demerits in managing high condylar fracture due to its poor access and visibility, the major complications of temporary facial nerve paresis and sialocele are very less compared to other approaches. However, modified extracorporeal plating combined with retromandibular approach proves to be effective in managing high condylar fracture. In this article, we discuss about a case of bilateral neck of condyle fracture that has been managed with the combined modified extracorporeal plating with retromandibular approach and has been followed with no complications for about 1 year.
Impact of Tooth Loss Position on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Adults Treated in the Community
Authors: Imam Ahmad Yahya
Published: February 2023

Background:

Tooth loss is known to have negative effects on both functional and psychological oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), but the impact of the position of the tooth loss (i.e. anterior or posterior) on the different psychosocial dimensions of OHRQoL has yet to be examined. Here, we examined how the position of lost teeth impacts the different dimensions of OHRQoL.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional epidemiological study of adults aged 18 years and older attending routine examinations at primary care dental centers in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Demographic information was collected, and OHRQoL was assessed using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) (Arabic form). Differences in total and subdomain OHIP-14 scores between individuals without tooth loss and those with ≥1 anterior or posterior missing teeth were assessed using Student's t-test, and analysis of covariance was used to assess the association between the presence and absence of missing teeth in each compartment and total and subdomain OHIP-14 scores after controlling for age, gender, and income.

Results:

The overall prevalence of tooth loss was 76%. In multivariate analysis controlling for age, gender, and income as covariates, anterior missing teeth were significantly associated with higher OHIP-14 total, physical pain, physical disability, psychological disability, and social disability scores, accounting for 6%–12% of the score variance. However, posterior missing teeth were only associated with total OHIP-14 and functional limitations domain scores, accounting for 6% and 7% of the variance, respectively.

Conclusions:

Here, we show for the first time the impact of the location of missing teeth on different OHRQoL dimensions. Anterior tooth loss has a wide-ranging impact on both physical and psychosocial functioning compared to posterior tooth loss, suggesting that anterior tooth restoration should be prioritized when treatment planning. The position of lost teeth must be considered in addition to the number of losses when examining the impact of tooth loss and its treatment on OHRQoL.
Evaluation of Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Serum Tartrate-resistant Acid Phosphatase Levels in Subjects with Clinically Healthy Periodontium and Chronic Periodontitis – A Clinico-biochemical Study
Authors: Baddam Harshitha , Vivekanandan Gopinath , Kondreddy Kameswari , Peddi Swapna , Chitnis Pranjal Praveen , Singh Yash Pal , Tiwar Rahul V. C.
Published: February 2023

Background:

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease with conglomerate etiology making it difficult to diagnose at the early stages. Potential biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) would determine the presence of the current disease activity, predict sites vulnerable for future breakdown, and assess the response to periodontal interventions. Merely elevated levels of inflammatory soft-tissue markers do not indicate bone destruction. Since there is no single ideal biomarker established, bone-related biomarkers such as telopeptide of type I collagen, osteocalcin, calprotectin, osteopontin, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) seem to hold great promise as predictive markers to determine bone destruction and active phases in the disease progression. The present study is intended to explore the biologic plausibility of the levels of TRAP in health and chronic periodontitis.

Materials and Methods:

The present cross-sectional clinico-biochemical study comprised 30 systemically healthy subjects with 15 periodontally healthy and 15 chronic periodontitis subjects who were age and gender matched. GCF and blood samples were collected from all the patients. TRAP estimation was done in both the samples using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The data were analyzed using independent t-test and Pearson correlation test.

Results:

Serum and GCF TRAP levels in chronic periodontitis subjects were significantly higher when compared to the periodontally healthy group. There were no significant correlations found among serum and GCF TRAP levels with increasing age and gender in both the groups. An increase in disease severity, i.e., increase in probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level, did not show correlation with the GCF and serum TRAP levels in the chronic periodontitis group.

Conclusion:

Based on the findings of the present study, increased GCF TRAP levels in chronic periodontitis seem to be a potential marker for identifying ongoing periodontal destruction.
Current Pharmacological Treatment of Tinnitus
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar , Dubey Debasmita
Published: February 2023

Tinnitus is the phantom perception of sound. The pathophysiology of tinnitus is poorly understood in medicine. It is a highly prevalent disorder and treatment is still elusive. Tinnitus is a common otologic symptom presented by patients in the outpatient department of otolaryngology. In some people, tinnitus is a fairly minor irritation but for many, it intrudes to such a degree that it affects their ability to lead a normal life. Individuals who suffer from disabling tinnitus often need medical treatment from an otologist, neurologist, or psychiatrist with the hope of finding a medication that can completely switch off their tinnitus and bring back silence. The available treatment for tinnitus patients is diverse. These include counseling, cognitive behavioral therapies, tinnitus retraining therapy, and input to the auditory system such as hearing aids and cochlear implants. The pharmacological treatment for tinnitus patients is often less discussed in the literature. The search for effective tinnitus treatment faces considerable challenges. Tinnitus is only a symptom that might be the result of different underlying pathologies. Thus, heterogeneity within tinnitus patients is expected and the drug discovery endeavor faces a “one drug will not fit all” scenario. Tinnitus today is still clinically challenging and most patients want a drug that could reduce or even abolish their phantom sound. The objective of this review article is to discuss the current pharmacological treatment of tinnitus.
Antimicrobial Activities of the Soft-Tissue Ethanolic Crude Extracts of Corbiculid Clam, Corbicula Fluminea and Cyrenid Clam, Geloina Expansa
Authors: De Guzman Marco F. , T. Argente Francis Albert
Published: February 2023

Objective:

The emergence of new infectious diseases and the increased in bacterial resistance to diseases have led to the search for potential sources of antimicrobials. Bivalves have been found to possess bioactive compounds that have tremendous potential in medical science. Corbicula
fluminea and Geloina expansa are bivalves that can survive in extreme environmental conditions and are surrounded by various microbes; these may have facilitated the potential production of different bioactive compounds with unique features to protect against pathogenic microorganisms.

Materials and Methods:

Antimicrobial activity of various concentrations of the ethanolic crude extracts (ECEs) of C.
fluminea and G.
expansa were tested against bacteria and fungi using the standard disk diffusion technique. There were three bacteria used in the antibacterial assay, namely Escherichia
coli (Gram-negative), Pseudomonas
aeruginosa (Gram-negative bacteria), Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive), and for antifungal assay, the fungi, Candida
albicans, and Aspergillus
niger were used.

Results:

The ECEs of C.
fluminea showed 12.67-h activity on E. coli with an inhibition zone (IZ) range of 10–12.8 mm and for G.
expansa showed an IZ range of 9.6–14.4 mm. A similar IZ range for C.
fluminea (10.6–12.4 mm) and G.
expansa (9.8–13.6 mm) was observed in P.
aeruginosa with an efficacy time of 14 h and 17.3, respectively. S.
aureus test cultures also showed activity of C.
fluminea ECEs with an IZ range of 0.00–17 mm and efficacy time of 15 h, while G.
expansa showed a mean of 15.6 mm. The two fungal strains tested showed activity of C.
fluminea, and G.
expansa ECEs, an IZ range of 8.3–12.2 mm was observed in A.
niger while C.
albicans showed activity with an IZ range of 9.6–12.8 mm. The ECE's concentrations of 50 and 100 mg/ml of C.
fluminea and G.
expansa showed a significantly higher result than positive control against P.
aerigunosa.

Conclusions:

The study showed that C.
fluminea and G.
expansa are potential sources of antimicrobial compounds. Identification, extraction, and purification of such compounds are recommended for future studies.