bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography in imaging pediatric cataract
Authors: Bhardwaj Anand , Kaur Savleen , Sukhija Jaspreet , Gupta Parul Chawla , Ram Jagat
Published: May 2023

Purpose:

To determine the morphology of pediatric cataracts and assess the status of the anterior and posterior capsules preoperatively on swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) and compare the findings to those of intraoperative examination. Secondly, we aimed to obtain biometric measurements on ASOCT and compare them to those obtained on A-scan/optical methods.

Methods:

This was a prospective and observational study carried out at a tertiary care referral institute. ASOCT scans for anterior segment were obtained preoperatively for all patients, aged <8 years, scheduled for paediatric cataract surgery. The morphology of the lens and capsule and biometry were performed on ASOCT and the same were assessed intraoperatively. The main outcome measures were comparison of ASOCT findings to intraoperative findings.

Results:

The study included 33 eyes of 29 patients (range 3 months–8 years). The morphological characterization of cataract on ASOCT was accurate in 31/33 (94%) cases. ASOCT accurately identified fibrosis and rupture of the anterior and posterior capsules in 32/33 (97%) cases each. In 30% of eyes, ASOCT gave additional information preoperatively compared to the slit lamp. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) calculation revealed a good agreement between the keratometry values obtained on ASOCT and those obtained preoperatively with a handheld/optical keratometer (ICC = 0.86, P = 0.001).

Conclusion:

ASOCT is a valuable tool that could provide complete preoperative information of the lens and capsule in pediatric cataract cases. In children as young as 3 months of age, intraoperative risks and surprises could be diminished. The keratometric readings are highly dependent on patient cooperation but show good agreement with the handheld/optical keratometer readings.
Cold bandage contact lens use reduces post-photorefractive keratectomy or corneal collagen-crosslinking pain perception in patients
Authors: Shetty Rohit , Shetty Naren , Shirodkar Sailie , Ashok Nikhil , Sethu Swaminathan , Ghosh Arkasubhra , Khamar Pooja
Published: May 2023

Purpose:

To compare post-operative pain perception using bandage contact lens (BCL) stored at 2–8°C (Cold BCL, CL-BCL) or room temperature (23 – 25°C, RT-BCL) after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) or corneal collagen-crosslinking (CXL) and determine status of nociception associated factors.

Methods:

In this prospective interventional study, 56 patients undergoing PRK for refractive correction and 100 keratoconus (KC) undergoing CXL were recruited following approval from the institutional ethics committee with informed consent. Patients undergoing bilateral PRK received RT-BCL on one eye and CL-BCL on the other. Pain was graded by Wong–Baker scoring on the first post-operative day (PoD1). Expression of transient receptor potential channels (TRPV1, TRPA1, TRPM8), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and IL-6 was measured in cellular content from used BCLs collected on PoD1. Equal number of KC patients received RT-BCL or CL-BCL post-CXL. Pain was graded by Wong–Baker scoring on PoD1.

Results:

Pain scores on PoD1 were significantly (P < 0.0001) reduced in subjects receiving CL-BCL (Mean ± SD: 2.6 ± 2.1) compared to RT-BCL (6.0 ± 2.4) post-PRK. 80.4% of subjects reported reduced pain scores with CL-BCL. 19.6% reported no change or increased pain scores with CL-BCL. TRPM8 expression was significantly (P < 0.05) increased in BCL of subjects reporting reduced pain with CL-BCL compared to those who did not. Pain scores on PoD1 were significantly (P < 0.0001) reduced in subjects receiving CL-BCL (3.2 ± 2.1) compared to RT-BCL (7.2 ± 1.8) post-CXL.

Conclusion:

The simple approach of using a cold BCL post-operatively substantially reduced pain perception and could overcome post-operative pain-related limited acceptance of PRK/CXL.
Effectiveness of 0.01% atropine in anisomyopic children
Authors: Hussain Azfira , Gopalakrishnan Aparna , Chowdhury Saurav , Agarkar Sumita
Published: May 2023

Purpose:

To investigate the change in ocular parameters of anisomyopic children treated with 0.01% atropine.

Methods:

This retrospective study analyzed the data of anisomyopic children who underwent comprehensive examination at a tertiary eye center in India. Anisomyopic subjects (difference of ≥1.00 D) of age 6–12 years who were treated with 0.01% atropine or prescribed regular single vision spectacle and had follow-ups of more than 1 year were included.

Results:

Data from 52 subjects were included. No difference was observed in the mean rate of change of spherical equivalent (SE) of more myopic eyes between 0.01% atropine (−0.56 D; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.82, −0.30) and single vision lens wearers (−0.59 D; 95% CI: −0.80, −0.37; P = 0.88). Similarly, insignificant change in the mean SE of less myopic eyes was noted between the groups (0.01% atropine group, −0.62 D; 95% CI: −0.88, −0.36 vs. single vision spectacle wearer group, −0.76 D; 95% CI: −1.00, −0.52; P = 0.43). None of the ocular biometric parameters showed any difference between the two groups. Though anisomyopic cohort treated with 0.01% atropine revealed a significant correlation between the rate of change of mean SE and axial length in both eyes (more myopic eyes, r = −0.58; P = 0.001 and less myopic eyes, r = −0.82; P < 0.001) compared to single vision spectacle wearer group, the change was not significant.

Conclusion:

Administration of 0.01% atropine had minimal effect on reducing the rate of myopia progression in anisomyopic eyes.
Outcomes of therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty in Pythium insidiosum keratitis managed with a combination of antibiotics
Authors: Kate Anahita , Thigale Uma , Ponnapati Lakshmi Prasanna , Chaudhary Simmy , Vishwakarma Pratima , Sharma Savitri , Bagga Bhupesh
Published: May 2023

Purpose:

To describe the clinical outcomes of therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty (TPK) in patients with Pythium insidiosum keratitis following treatment with anti-pythium therapy (APT) consisting of linezolid and azithromycin.

Methods:

A retrospective review of medical records from May 2016 to December 2019 of patients with P. insidiosum keratitis was carried out. Patients who were treated with APT for a minimum of 2 weeks and then subsequently underwent TPK were included in the study. Data on demographic characteristics, clinical features, microbiology characteristics, and intraoperative details, postoperative outcomes were documented.

Results:

A total of 238 cases of Pythium keratitis were seen during the study period and 50 cases that satisfied the inclusion criteria were included. The median of the geometric mean of the infiltrate was 5.6 mm (IQR 4.0–7.2 mm). The patients received topical APT for a median of 35 days (IQR 25–56) prior to surgery. The most common indication of TPK was worsening keratitis (41/50, 82%). No recurrence of infection was observed. An anatomically stable globe was noted in 49/50 eyes (98%). The median graft survival rate was 2.4 months. A clear graft was present in 10 eyes (20%) with a final median visual acuity of 20/125 after a median follow-up period of 18.4 months (IQR 11–26 months). Graft size of less than 10 mm [OR: 5.824 (CI:1.292-41.6), P = 0.02] was found to be significantly associated with a clear graft.

Conclusion:

Performing TPK following the administration of APT has good anatomical outcomes. A smaller graft of <10 mm was associated with a higher chance of graft survival.
Prediction of spherical equivalent refraction and axial length in children based on machine learning
Authors: Zhu Shaojun , Zhan Haodong , Yan Zhipeng , Wu Maonian , Zheng Bo , Xu Shanshan , Jiang Qin , Yang Weihua
Published: May 2023

Purpose:

Recently, the proportion of patients with high myopia has shown a continuous growing trend, more toward the younger age groups. This study aimed to predict the changes in spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and axial length (AL) in children using machine learning methods.

Methods:

This study is a retrospective study. The cooperative ophthalmology hospital of this study collected data on 179 sets of childhood myopia examinations. The data collected included AL and SER from grades 1 to 6. This study used the six machine learning models to predict AL and SER based on the data. Six evaluation indicators were used to evaluate the prediction results of the models.

Results:

For predicting SER in grade 6, grade 5, grade 4, grade 3, and grade 2, the best results were obtained through the multilayer perceptron (MLP) algorithm, MLP algorithm, orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm, OMP algorithm, and OMP algorithm, respectively. The R2
of the five models were 0.8997, 0.7839, 0.7177, 0.5118, and 0.1758, respectively. For predicting AL in grade 6, grade 5, grade 4, grade 3, and grade 2, the best results were obtained through the Extra Tree (ET) algorithm, MLP algorithm, kernel ridge (KR) algorithm, KR algorithm, and MLP algorithm, respectively. The R2
of the five models were 0.7546, 0.5456, 0.8755, 0.9072, and 0.8534, respectively.

Conclusion:

Therefore, in predicting SER, the OMP model performed better than the other models in most experiments. In predicting AL, the KR and MLP models were better than the other models in most experiments.
Evaluation of applicants unable to perform military service due to eye disease in terms of disease etiology and preventability: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Durmuş Ece Berire Şeyma , Güneş İrem
Published: May 2023

Purpose:

Our study’s goal was to investigate the individuals who took a pre-military examination and were pronounced “unfit for military service,” in terms of etiological grouping, legal blindness, and whether or not the illness could have been prevented.

Methods:

The files of 174 individuals deemed “unfit for military service” due to eye disease at the State Hospital Ophthalmology Department between January 2018 and January 2022 were retrospectively evaluated. The disorders were classified as refractive error, strabismus, amblyopia-related, congenital, hereditary, infectious/inflammatory, degenerative, and trauma-related pathologies. The reasons for unsuitability for military service were classified according to monocular and binocular legal blindness, preventability, and treatability with early diagnosis.

Results:

In our study, the reasons associated with refractive error, strabismus, and amblyopia were placed first in the etiology of unsuitability for military service (40.2%). The next most prevalent condition was trauma (19.5%), which was followed by degenerative (18.4%), congenital (10.9%), hereditary (6.9%), and infectious/inflammatory disorders (4.0%). There was a history of penetrating trauma in 79.4% of trauma patients and blunt trauma in 20.6% of patients. When the etiology was evaluated, 19.5% were in preventable and 51.2% were in treatable group with early diagnosis. In our study, legal blindness was detected in 116 patients. Of these patients, 79% had monocular legal blindness and 21% had binocular legal blindness.

Conclusion:

It is vital to investigate the etiology of visual disorders, control preventable causes, and determine the methods that will provide early diagnosis and treatment of curable causes.
Globe rupture with aphakia, aniridia, secondary glaucoma and late corneal decompensation: A multi-staged approach to management
Authors: Bhasin Purendra , Panday Manish , Dhanapal Praveen
Published: May 2023

Severe blunt ocular trauma may result in immediate and delayed complications requiring appropriate management algorithms. We hereby report a case of globe rupture, aphakia, traumatic aniridia, and secondary glaucoma in a 33-year-old male following road traffic accident. He was treated initially by primary repair followed by novel combined approach of aniridia IOL with Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation. Delayed corneal decompensation required deferred penetrating keratoplasty. After a follow-up of 3.5 years after last surgery, patient maintains good functional vision with stable IOL, clear corneal graft and controlled intraocular pressure. A meticulously planned and staged management approach appears better suited in complex ocular trauma in such scenarios giving a good structural and functional outcome.
Binocular vision therapy for the treatment of Amblyopia—A review
Authors: Chaturvedi Isha , Jamil Rana , Sharma Pradeep
Published: May 2023

Amblyopia is a monocular or binocular reduction in visual acuity that results from prolonged visual deprivation in the early years of life. It is second only to refractive error as a cause of poor vision in children. The gold standard treatment of amblyopia includes patching and, less commonly, atropine penalization and filters. These therapies are aimed at improvements in the visual acuity of the amblyopic eye alone. They have compliance and psychosocial issues and gains are accrued after prolonged periods. Experimental studies have demonstrated the presence of binocular cortical communication even in amblyopes and neural plasticity in late childhood as well as adulthood. On this basis, binocular vision therapy aimed at the stimulation of both eyes rather than forced use of the amblyopic eye was developed. Such therapies involve visual tasks designed in such a way that they can be completed only by binocular viewing. These tasks vary from simple game play using red-green glasses, to engaging 3D games and movie viewing. Preliminary data suggest that binocular vision therapy has led to lasting improvements in visual acuity and can be a useful adjunct, if not replacement, to the conventional treatment of amblyopia. In this article, we aim to describe the various binocular vision therapies and review the available literature on the same.
Lost-to-follow-up: A study on corneal transplantation from Eastern India
Authors: Dutta Anirban , Panigrahi Swayam P , Mohamed Ashik , Das Sujata
Published: May 2023

Purpose:

This study aims to analyze the pattern of follow-ups and the reasons for follow-up loss in keratoplasty cases in a tertiary eye care center.

Methods:

This is a single-center retrospective cross-sectional study. During the study period, 165 eyes underwent corneal transplantation. The data on the demographic features of the recipients and the indications of keratoplasty, including visual acuity before and after surgery, duration of follow-up, and the condition of the graft at the last follow-up, were collected. The primary outcome was to determine the factors causing lost-to-follow-up (LTFU) among graft recipients. LTFU was defined when a patient failed to adhere to any of the following seven follow-up visits since the surgery: 4 ± 2 weeks, 3 ± 1 months, 6 ± 1 months, 12 ± 2 months, 18 ± 2 months, 24 ± 3 months, and 36 ± 6 months. The secondary outcome was to analyze the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) among patients available for the final follow-up.

Results:

The recipient follow-up rates at 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months were 68.5%, 57.6%, 47.9%, 42.4%, and 35.2%, respectively. Old age and distance to the center were significant factors for lost-to-follow-up. A failed graft as an indication for transplantation and those undergoing penetrating keratoplasty for optical purposes were significant factors for completing follow-up.

Conclusion:

The inability to follow-up after corneal transplantation is a common challenge. Elderly patients and those living in remote areas must be prioritized for follow-ups.
Intraocular lens formula calculation in pediatric eyes: Do we have an answer? A retrospective comparison between Sanders–Retzlaff–Kraff II and Barret’s formula
Authors: Badakere Akshay , Ghaisas Shamika P , Akshya P , Natarajan Viswanathan , Guha Sujata , Agarkar Sumita
Published: May 2023

Purpose:

The ideal formula for intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation following cataract surgery in pediatric eyes till date has no answer. We compared the predictability of the Sanders–Retzlaff–Kraff (SRK) II and the Barrett Universal (BU) II formula and the effect of axial length, keratometry, and age.

Methods:

This was a retrospective analysis of children who were under eight years of age and who underwent cataract surgery with IOL implantation under general anesthesia between September 2018 and July 2019. The prediction error of SRK II formula was calculated by subtracting the target refraction and the actual postoperative spherical equivalent. Preoperative biometry values were used to calculate the IOL power using the BU II formula with the same target refraction that was used in SRK II. The predicted spherical equivalent of the BU II formula was then back-calculated using the SRK II formula with the IOL power obtained with the BU II formula. The prediction errors of the two formulae were compared for statistical significance.

Results:

Seventy-two eyes of 39 patients were included in the study. The mean age at surgery was 3.8 ± 2 years. The mean axial length was 22.1 ± 1.5 mm, and the mean keratometry was 44.7 ± 1.7 D. The group with an axial length >24 mm showed a significant and strong positive correlation (r = 0.93, P = 0) on comparison mean absolute prediction errors using the SRK II formula. There was a strong negative correlation between the mean prediction error in the overall keratometry group using the BU II formula (r = −0.72, P < 0.000). There was no significant correlation between age and refractive accuracy using the two formulae in any of the subgroups of age.

Conclusion:

There is no perfect answer to an ideal formula for IOL calculation in children. IOL formulae need to be chosen keeping in mind the varying ocular parameters.
Study of the relationship between serum lipid levels and primary open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Joshi Rajesh Subhash , Adatiya Vaishnavi Hitesh
Published: May 2023

Purpose:

To determine the association between serum lipid levels and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Methods:

In this case-control study, 50 patients with POAG documented by clinical tests using standard ophthalmologic equipment and 50 age-matched controls were investigated. Twelve-hour fasting serum lipid profiles, including total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), and high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), were compared between the cases and controls.

Results:

The mean age of cases and controls was 62.84 ± 9.68 and 60.12 ± 8.65, respectively (P = 0.65). High total cholesterol levels (>200 mg/dl) were found in 23 cases (46%) and 8 controls (16%); high serum triglyceride levels (>150 mg/dl) were found in 24 cases (48%) and 7 controls (14%); high LDL levels (130 mg/dl) were found in 28 cases (56%) and 9 controls (18%); and low HDL levels (<40 mg/dl) were found in 38 cases (76%) and 30 controls (60%). The mean total cholesterol levels were 205.24 ± 36.90 mg/dl in cases and 177.68 ± 22.56 mg/dl in controls (P < 0.001); the mean serum triglyceride levels were 150.42 ± 49.55 mg/dl and 130.84 ± 23.16 mg/dl, respectively (P = 0.013); and the mean LDL levels were 139.50 ± 31.03 mg/dl and 114.96 ± 17.73 mg/dl, respectively (P < 0.001). The mean cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL levels were significantly higher in cases than in controls (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The present study shows that higher proportion of POAG patients have dyslipidemia compared to age-matched controls. Though these findings need to be replicated by others. This study opens new vistas for further studies, such as lowering dyslipidemia, lowering the intra-ocular pressure and incidence of POAG, and whether the use of statins to reduce dyslipidemia affects the progression of POAG.
Distinct gene expression profiles underlie morphological and etiological differences in pediatric cataracts
Authors: Shanbagh Shaika , Matalia Jyoti , Kannan Ramaraj , Shetty Rohit , Panmand Pratibha , Muthu Sumitha O , Chaurasia Shyam S , Deshpande Vrushali , Bhattacharya Shomi S , Gopalakrishnan Abilash V , Ghosh Arkasubhra
Published: May 2023

Purpose:

Pediatric cataract is a major cause of preventable childhood blindness worldwide. Although genetic mutations or infections have been described in patients, the mechanistic basis of human cataract development remains poorly understood. Therefore, gene expression of structural, developmental, profibrotic, and transcription factors in phenotypically and etiologically distinct forms of pediatric cataracts were evaluated.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study included 89 pediatric cataract subjects subtyped into 1) prenatal infectious (cytomegalovirus, rubella, and combined cytomegalovirus with rubella infection), 2) prenatal non-infectious, 3) posterior capsular anomalies, 4) postnatal, 5) traumatic, and 6) secondary, and compared to clear, non-cataractous material of eyes with the subluxated lenses. Expression of lens structure-related genes (Aqp-0, HspA4/Hsp70, CrygC), transcription factors (Tdrd7, FoxE3, Maf, Pitx 3) and profibrotic genes (Tgfβ, Bmp7, αSmA, vimentin) in surgically extracted cataract lens material were studied and correlated clinically.

Results:

In cataract material, the lens-related gene expression profiles were uniquely associated with phenotype/etiology of different cataracts. Postnatal cataracts showed a significantly altered FoxE3 expression. Low levels of Tdrd7 expression correlated with posterior subcapsular opacity, whereas CrygC correlated significantly with anterior capsular ruptures. The expression of Aqp0 and Maf was elevated in infectious cataracts, particularly in CMV infections, compared to other cataract subtypes. Tgfβ showed significantly low expression in various cataract subtypes, whereas vimentin had elevated gene expression in infectious and prenatal cataracts.

Conclusion:

A significant association between lens gene expression patterns in phenotypically and etiologically distinct subtypes of pediatric cataracts suggests regulatory mechanisms in cataractogenesis. The data reveal that cataract formation and presentation is a consequence of altered expression of a complex network of genes.
The Impact of Soy Isoflavone Supplementation on the Menopausal Symptoms in Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Khapre Shrutika , Deshmukh Ujjwala , Jain Sheela
Published: May 2023

Introduction:

Approximately one-third of a woman's life is spent in the menopausal phase. The unpleasant menopausal symptoms are unacceptable as a part of routine life. Indications of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) are for alleviation of vasomotor symptoms, prevention of osteoporosis, and genitourinary symptoms associated with menopause. MHT is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, cerebrovascular accidents, and coronary heart disease. Soy isoflavones have been extensively used as an alternative treatment in patients who cannot take MHT. The evidence of the efficacy of isoflavones in the literature is equivocal.

Aim:

The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of soy isoflavone supplementation on menopausal symptoms in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women and to evaluate the effect on blood pressure (BP) and body mass index (BMI).

Materials and Methods:

A questionnaire-based prospective observational study was undertaken involving 39 perimenopausal and 61 postmenopausal women, who were prescribed 40 mg soy isoflavone supplements twice daily for 12 weeks. Menopause Rating Scale questionnaire was given to the patients before starting soy isoflavone therapy and at the end of the treatment; BP and BMI were also noted.

Results:

The total score of both the groups was comparable at baseline. Among perimenopausal and postmenopausal women, the highest score was noted in symptoms of somatic domain. At the completion of our study, the total scores improved significantly by 38.6% and 33.3% in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women, respectively. The greatest improvement was seen in somatic subscale (42.5%) and psychological subscale (42.5%) and the least in urogenital subscale (16.1%) for perimenopausal women. For postmenopausal women, the greatest improvement was seen in psychological subscale (40.0%) and the least in urogenital subscale (14.2%).

Conclusion:

Soy isoflavone supplementation is beneficial in both perimenopausal and postmenopausal women, more so in perimenopausal women. There is no beneficial effect of soy isoflavone supplementation on lowering systolic BP and BMI.
Knowledge and Perceptions Regarding Climacteric Among Rural Women in Jammu District of UT of J and K, India
Authors: Bala Kiran , Gupta Riya , Gupta Rajiv Kumar , Akhtar Najma
Published: May 2023

Background:

The word Climacteric is shrouded in a culture of silence in our country, more so in the vast rural swathes of India. This survey was carried out to assess the knowledge and perceptions regarding climacteric in rural females of the Jammu district.

Materials and Methods:

The present study was conducted in the Kot-Bhalwal health block of Jammu district. A sample of 215 was calculated assuming a minimum prevalence of 65% of menopausal symptoms. Using a two-step simple random sampling technique, a total of 245 postmenopausal women from four villages of the health block were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire.

Results:

Among the sources of information about climacteric, family and friends were prime sources followed by community elders. About one-third (35.10%) of the respondents had no discussion about climacteric with anyone. The majority of the participants had a positive perception of climacteric and described it as a feeling of relief. About 77.9% of study participants rated their health as poor to fair. However, about one-fourth of women had taken health checkups for menopause-related symptoms. None of the respondents had any clue about oncological screening.

Conclusion:

Despite positive perceptions, there is a need to dispel the misconceptions with rigorous awareness and counseling. The role of village-level health workers along with ANM at Sub Health Centers/Health and wellness centers is the game-changer in this context. Every opportunity including Antenatal clinics should be utilized to educate as well as screen menopausal females for various health problems.
Trisections in colored tensor models
Authors: Martini Riccardo , Toriumi Reiko
Published: May 2023

We give a procedure to construct trisections for closed manifolds generated by colored tensor models without restrictions on the number of simplices in the triangulation, therefore generalizing previous works in the context of crystallizations and PL-manifolds. We give a description of how trisection diagrams can arise from colored tensor model graphs for closed 4-manifolds. We further speculate on generalization of similar constructions for a class of singular-manifolds generated by simplicial colored tensor models.
A growth estimate for the monodromy matrix of a canonical system
Authors: Pruckner Raphael , Woracek Harald
Published: May 2023

We investigate the spectrum of 2-dimensional canonical systems in the limit circle case. It is discrete and, by the Krein–de Branges formula, cannot be more dense than the integers. But in many cases it will be more sparse. The spectrum of a particular selfadjoint realisation coincides with the zeroes of one entry of the monodromy matrix of the system. Classical function theory thus establishes an immediate connection between the growth of the monodromy matrix and the distribution of the spectrum.

We prove a general and flexible upper estimate for the monodromy matrix, use it to prove a bound for the case of a continuous Hamiltonian, and construct examples which show that this bound is sharp. The first two results run along the lines of earlier work by R. Romanov, but significantly improve upon these results. This is seen even on the rough scale of exponential order.
Discrete approximations to Dirac operators and norm resolvent convergence
Authors: Cornean Horia , Garde Henrik , Jensen Arne
Published: May 2023

We consider continuous Dirac operators defined on

\mathbf{R}^d

,

d\in\{1,2,3\}

, together with various discrete versions of them. Both forward-backward and symmetric finite differences are used as approximations to partial derivatives. We also allow a bounded, Hölder continuous, and self-adjoint matrix-valued potential, which in the discrete setting is evaluated on the mesh. Our main goal is to investigate whether the proposed discrete models converge in norm resolvent sense to their continuous counterparts, as the mesh size tends to zero and up to a natural embedding of the discrete space into the continuous one. In dimension one we show that forward-backward differences lead to norm resolvent convergence, while in dimension two and three they do
not
. The same negative result holds in all dimensions when symmetric differences are used. On the other hand, strong resolvent convergence holds in all these cases. Nevertheless, and quite remarkably, a rather simple but non-standard modification to the discrete models, involving the mass term, ensures norm resolvent convergence in general.
Generalised norm resolvent convergence: comparison of different concepts
Authors: Post Olaf , Zimmer Sebastian
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we show that the two concepts of generalised norm resolvent convergence introduced by Weidmann and the first named author of this paper are equivalent.We also focus on the convergence speed and provide conditions under which the convergence speed is the same for both concepts. We illustrate the abstract results by a large number of examples.
Theoretical analysis of a discrete population balance model with sum kernel
Authors: Kaushik Sonali , Kumar Rajesh , da Costa Fernando P.
Published: May 2023

The Oort–Hulst–Safronov equation is a relevant population balance model. Its discrete form, developed by Pavel Dubovski, is the main focus of our analysis. The existence and density conservation are established for non-negative symmetric coagulation rates satisfying

V_{i,j} \leqslant i+j

,

\forall i,j \in \mathbb{N}

. Differentiability of the solutions is investigated for kernels with

V_{i,j} \leqslant i^{\alpha}+j^{\alpha}

where

0 \leqslant \alpha \leqslant 1

with initial conditions with bounded

(1+\alpha)

-th moments. The article ends with a uniqueness result under an additional assumption on the coagulation kernel and the boundedness of the second moment.
Hazard identification and risk assessment for occupational safety and health in the limestone quarries transportation
Authors: . Hoan Ngoc Do , . Hieu Quang Tran , Nguyen An Dinh , Nguyen Tho Anh ,   Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, Hanoi, Vietnam  Innovations for Sustainable and Responsible Mining (ISRM), Hanoi, Vietnam  Vietnam National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
Published: May 2023

In quarries for building material, the primary transportation mode is by truck due to its high mobility that is suitable for the actual terrain conditions of the mine. The characteristic of transportation work in these mines is the large amount of cargo transportation, steep slopes, small turning radius, and therefore always potential hazards and risks for workers at the mine. The article presents a method for evaluating the points to identify and assess the level of occupational safety and health risks in transportation activities in quarries for building material, based on which control solutions are proposed to ensure safety and occupational health during the production and business process of construction material mines. From identifying and evaluating the level of risks, they are quantified into risk levels to assess the potential loss of occupational safety at each specific stage of the transportation process in the mine. This is a quantitative method that allows for the easy evaluation of occupational safety and health risk levels through quantifiable values obtained by expert scoring and surveys of worker opinions at the production site. This evaluation is based on separate assessments of factors such as estimating the consequences of injury to workers, the frequency of occupational accidents, and the ability to recognize occupational hazards. Through this assessment, a classification table is proposed for workers to understand and implement occupational safety and health procedures correctly, avoiding occupational accidents and unnecessary occupational diseases.
Main activities of representatives of Ukrainian political emigration in France during the interwar period
Authors: Kadriu Arian
Published: May 2023

After the defeat in the struggle for independence of Ukraine in 1917-1921, the Ukrainian people faced the question of defending their national interests and protecting their own identity. The events and phenomena that took place in the next 20 years after the Ukrainian revolution were crucial for both Ukrainian and pan-European statehood. The purpose of the study was to: determine the prerequisites, nature, and features of political emigration from Ukraine, in particular, to France, in the interwar period; outline the main activities of Ukrainian political emigrants at the end of the Third French Republic; analyse the main results and consequences of the activities of emigrants from Ukraine in the political and economic field of France and Europe. The main method of scientific knowledge that was used during the writing of this study is the historical-systematic method, by which, using the system principle, key facts, events, and phenomena that took place during the Ukrainian political emigration to France between the First and Second World Wars were identified and structured; the main consequences of the emigrant movement of Ukrainians for the political and social life of France and European countries were outlined and structured. The main results obtained in the course of the study of the presented subject are as follows: the prerequisites and reasons for the emigration of Ukrainians to France after the end of the Ukrainian revolution of 1917-1921 were described, the key areas of activity of representatives of the Ukrainian political elite in Paris were identified, the main consequences and important events that played a historical role in the establishment of Ukrainian statehood during the time of the Third French Republic, as a component of a single European community, were formulated. The results of the study and the conclusions that were obtained during the examination of this issue can be used as a theoretical basis for further research in this area; in addition – for higher education institutions in history, political science, and country studies – as an example of one of the stages of the national struggle of the Ukrainian people for the right to create their own independent state; for scientists in the field of history, archaeology, documentary – as a subject of study to better understand the root causes and consequences of events on the scale of global geopolitical changes; for other scientists whose field of activity is related to the subject of the study
A humanição do sagrado: devoção, liturgia e imagens no Livro de Horas 50, 1, 016 (Paris, c. 1460)
Authors: Marqués de Souza Patricia
Published: May 2023

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as funções devocionais das iluminuras presentes no Livro de Horas 50, 1, 016. Segundo o estudo desenvolvido pelo medievalista François Avril, este códice foi executado pelo Mestre de Coetivy por volta de 1450 em Paris e, atualmente, faz parte do fundo histórico da Fundação Biblioteca Nacional do Rio de Janeiro. Neste sentido, nossa intenção neste artigo é apresentar, brevemente, o contexto de criação e popularização dos Livros de Horas na Europa medieval para, posteriormente, realizarmos um estudo de caso sobre o códice em francês que pertenceu à Casa do Infantado da Real Biblioteca Portuguesa.
Comparison of Garbage Enzyme Solutions in Treating Domestic Waste Water
Authors: Henan E Fathima , Abraham Reena
Published: May 2023

Garbage enzyme solutions are prepared by fermentation of kitchen waste mainly vegetable and fruit peeled wastes by adding jaggery and water into it. In this paper solutions made in three different compositions are taken, one with only vegetable peels and one with only fruit peel and the last one with a mix of vegetable and fruit peeled waste and add it into domestic water which is collected from the kitchen of own house in three different percentages and find the best enzyme solution and its optimum percentage and analyzing its various applications. A comparative study of both the enzyme solution was done 60 days after filtration of the enzyme solutions. Garbage enzyme solution (10%) was found more effective in treating synthetic greywater. Hence it can be reused for irrigation purposes.
Studienvorbereitung internationaler Studieninteressierter an staatlichen Studienkollegs – Angebot, Nachfrage und Bedarf
Authors: Ramirez Rocio , Laska Olivia , Korthase Sophie
Published: May 2023

Die Bewerbungszahlen internationaler Studieninteressierter in Deutschland zeigen, dass die Anzahl derjenigen, die an einer Studienvorbereitungsmaßnahme teilnehmen müssen, die Anzahl der staatlichen Studienkollegplätze übersteigt. Die begrenzte Anzahl der Studienkollegsplätze erfordert eine Auswahl der Bewerberinnen und Bewerber. Es gibt Bewerberinnen und Bewerber, die die formalen Voraussetzungen für die Einladung zur Aufnahmeprüfung am Studienkolleg erfüllen, aber nicht eingeladen werden. Andere Bewerberinnen und Bewerber legen die Prüfung ab, scheiden aber im Rankingverfahren aus, weil die Kurskapazitäten nicht ausreichen. Ob und wie viele von ihnen sich erneut bewerben, auf alternative Studienvorbereitungsmaßnahmen ausweichen oder sich gegen ein Studium in Deutschland entscheiden, ist bisher unbekannt. Insgesamt gestalten sich die Wege internationaler Studienbewerberinnen und -bewerber zum Studium, abhängig von der Herkunft ihrer Bildungszeugnisse, dem Bewerbungsprozess, den Möglichkeiten der Studienvorbereitung sowie den Selektionskriterien sehr heterogen. Die daraus resultierende Komplexität spricht für eine Anpassung der Studienzulassung und Studienvorbereitung.
Assessing the Viability of Using Autorickshaws for Urban Freight Delivery in India
Authors: Rao Rohan , Maiti Sudeept , Mulukutla Pawan
Published: May 2023

The new WRI India research paper ‘Assessing Viability of Using Autorickshaws for Urban Freight Delivery’ explores the feasibility of a dual-utility strategy for autorickshaws and examines its potential impacts on driver incomes, safety, and the environment. It finds that using autorickshaws to transport freight as well as people could enable drivers to make more productive use of existing vehicles. It could also raise driver incomes by around 15 percent, reduce logistics costs for small and medium enterprises, make vehicle use more efficient, and help mitigate greenhouse gas emissions.
PENGARUH PENGEMBANGAN KARIR DAN KONFLIK TERHADAP PRODUKTIFITAS KERJA PADA BADAN PENGELOLA KEUANGAN, PENDAPATAN DAN ASET DAERAH KABUPATEN KARO
Authors: Sinaga Frisderesia , Laia Deniskaria
Published: May 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat Pengaruh Pengembangan Karir dan Konflik Terhadap Produktifitas Kerja di Badan Pengelola Keuangan Pendapatan dan Aset Daerah Kabupaten Karo”. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 41 orang”. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner. Dari hasil uji statistik regresi linier berganda bahwa secara parsial diketahui nilai thitung X1 (7,780 > ttable = 1,682 artinya terdapat pengaruh yang pengembangan karir terhadap produktifitas kerja. Nilai thitung X2 (3,462) > ttable = 1.682 artinya terdapat pengaruh konflik terhadap produktifitas kerja. Secara simultan terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan pengembangan karir dan konflik terhadap pengembangan karir. Hal ini dibuktikan bahwa pengujian secara parsial (uji-F) diketahui Fhitung > Ftabel dan nilai sig-p < 0.05. Nilai adjusted R Square : 0,782 artinya bahwa besaran pengaruh pengembangan karir dan konflik secara simultan terhadap produktifitas kerja sebesar 78,2%. Variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap produktifitas kerja adalah pengembangan karir sebesar 67%. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah ada pengaruh pengembangan karir terhadap produktifitas kerja, ada pengaruh konflik terhadap produktifitas kerja, dan ada pengaruh pengembangan karir dan konflik terhadap produktifitas kerja.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEPUASA PELANGGAN PDAM TIRTANADI SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Waruwu Murniaman , Panggabean Aris
Published: May 2023

Air adalah sumber daya alam  yang  sangat  dibutuhkan semua makhluk hidup, tidak terkecuali dengan manusia..Semua aktivitas kehidupan yang kita lalui membutuhkan sumber air itu sendiri. Kebutuhan masyarakat akan air secara umum dapat dipenuhi oleh salah satu perusahaan air yaitu, PDAM (Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum). Kepuasan pelanggan adalah respon dari perilaku yang ditunjukkan oleh pelanggan dengan membandingkan antara kinerja atau hasil yang dirasakan sesuai dengan apa yang diharapkan.

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi kepuasan pelanggan PDAM Tirtanadi Sumatera Utara khususnya PDAM Tirtanadi Cabang padang Bulan. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data primer dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner. Sampel yang diteliti ada sebanyak 92 responden. Hasil analisis dengan metode analisis faktor menunjukkan bahwa dari 24 variabel, terbentuk 8 faktor yang mempengaruhi kepuasan pelanggan PDAM Tirtanadi Sumatera Utara. Faktor yang paling dominan mempengaruhi kepuasan pelanggan PDAM Tirtanadi adalah faktor kualitas produ/air, yaitu sebesar 24,984%. Faktor lain yang mengikutinya adalah faktor kemudahan/pembayaran, harga, emosional, lokasi yang strategis, kualitas pelayanan, fasilitas dan ketanggapan/cepat tanggap. Dari kedelapan faktor pembentuk, 72,663% menjelaskan alasan konsumen puas terhadap pelayanan PDAM Tirtanadi sedangkan sisanya 27,337% diterangkan oleh faktor lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini.
ANALISIS PENGENDALIAN PERSEDIAAN BARANG DAGANG MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PERSEDIAAN ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY (EOQ) PADA PT. KIMIA FARMA APOTEK CABANG ISKANDAR MUDA MEDAN
Authors: Manik Arnita , Marbun Novita Sari
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah perhitungan Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) dapat dijadikan sebagai Pengendalian Persediaan Barang Dagang pada PT. Kimia Farma Apotek Cabang Iskandar Muda. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan membandingkan antara metode pengendalian persediaan menurut kebijakan perusahaan dengan metode Economic Order Quantity (EOQ). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu dengan langkah (1) Mengumpulkan informasi mengenai jumlah persediaan barang dagang pada semester pertama tahun 2020. (2) Mengolah data-data tersebut untuk mengetahui pengendalian persediaan barang dagang berdasarkan kebijakan perusahaan. (3) Menganalisis data-data yang telah diolah tersebut menggunakan metode Economic Order Quantity (EOQ). Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) lebih efisien dari metode yang digunakan oleh perusahaan. Penerapan metode Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) dapat mengurangi total biaya yang harus dikeluarkan oleh perusahaan yaitu sebesar Rp69.235. Dengan metode EOQ ini dapat menghindari terjadinya keterlambatan penyediaan barang dagang, karena penyediaan barang dagang dapat dipastikan konstan dan sesuai leadtime. Maka mencapai tujuan penelitian, perusahaan sebaiknya menggunakan metode Economic Order Quantity (EOQ).
ANALISIS PERENCANAAN DAN PENGAWASAN BIAYA PRODUKSI PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA (BEI) PERIODE 2019-2021
Authors: Buulolo Meslina , Hawa Rosmidar , Sinaga Agam , Partogi Torang
Published: May 2023

Tujuan diadakan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan tentang pengawasan dan perencanaan biaya produksi pada perusahaan manufaktur PT Alakasa Industrindo Tbk periode 2019-2021. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yakni kualitatif deksriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa dokumentasi serta data sekunder yang digunakan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan telah menggunakan pendekatan Top Down and Bottom Up yang melibatkan seluruh pemegang kepentingan. Cukup baik dan efektif perencanaan dan pengawasan biaya produksi sebab tidak adanya hambatan perusahaan atau terjadinya varians. Sedangkan, efektifitasnya berdasarkan penggolongan pengukuran efektifitas dan hasil persentase dari perbandingan realisasi dan anggarannya. Bagi penelitian selanjutnya, hendaknya menggunakan perusahaan yang berbeda agar lebih mendalam kajiannya.
Հին հայերենի երկբարբառային և եռաբարբառային կազմությունների հարցի շուրջ
Authors: Պետրոսյան Վարդան
Published: May 2023

Հին հայերենի երկբարբառային և եռաբարբառային կազմությունների տարբերակումը եղել և այսօր էլ մնում է հայերենագիտության ամենից խնդ­րա­­հա­րույց հարցերից մեկը: Կախված տարբերակման հիմքում դրվող չափանիշներից՝ էականորեն կա­րող են փոխվել դրանց ոչ միայն քանա­կական, այլև որակական բնութագրերը: Այդ բաղադրիչների նկատմամբ տա­րա­հատկանիշ չափորոշիչների կիրառումը հիմք է տալիս առանձնացնելու երկբարբառներ, երկբարբառակերպեր և եռա­բար­բառակերպեր և դրանք դասակարգելու ըստ կայուն և ոչ կայուն տեսակ­ների: Առաջին տեսակին վերաբերում են նրանք, որոնք, անկախ բառի (/բա­ռա­ձևի) կրած ձևա­փո­խությունից (հոլովում, խոնարհում, բառաբաղադրում), միշտ արտա­բեր­վում են միևնույն վանկում և վերաբերում են միևնույն ձևույթին: Երկ­րորդ տե­սակին վերաբերում են նրանք, որոնց երկբարբա­ռային/եռա­բար­բա­ռային բնույթը պայմանավորված է հնչաշղթայում զբաղեցրած դիրքով, այն է՝ հնչա­շղ­թա­յի տրոհ­ման կամ փոփոխության դեպքում նրա բաղադրիչները կարող են հայտ­նվել տար­բեր վանկերում կամ անջատվել ձևույթային կարով: Հին հայերենի երկբարբառներից կայուն էր միայն եա (ea)-ն, որը հնչույթաբանորեն համարժեք էր մեկ բարդ հնչույթի: Մյուսները ոչ կայուն, երկհնչույթ կառույցներ էին: Երկ­բար­բա­ռակերպերն ու եռաբարբառակերպերը գերազանցապես, եթե ոչ՝ բացար­ձա­կո­րեն, վերաբերում էին կայուն տեսակին: Վերոհիշյալ չափանիշների կիրառումը հիմք է տալիս հին հայերենում տարբերակելու 1 կայուն և 7 ոչ կայուն երկբարբառ, 15 երկբարբառակերպ և 15 եռաբարբառակերպ:
Main Factors Conditioning the Absence of the Final ր and the Origin of the Final ի of the Imperative Singular in Armenian Dialects
Authors: Avetyan Sargis
Published: May 2023

The 2 sg. Imperative, which was formed in several ways in Old Armenian, has displayed a general tendency toward uniformity in the course of the further development of the Armenian language. In this respect, the strong analogical interaction between the imperative forms of simple verbs of the ե and ի conjugations is especially remarkable. Whereas in some dialects the original distinction between active vs. medio-passive inflection has been preserved, in other dialects simple verbs of the former ե and ի conjugations have coalesced into a single conjugation type partially or fully, whereby either the ending -իր or -է (< Old Arm.-եա՛) of the 2 sg. Imperative has been generalized as a result of analogical extension. Furthermore, on the one hand, the final ր of the Imperative sg. ending -իր has been lost either by phonetic change or by analogy in a number of dialects, and on the other hand, the final vowel -է (going back to the Old Armenian diphthong -եա՛) of the 2 sg. Imperative has undergone further change է>ի in the same dialectal areas. Hence, the final ի of the 2 sg. Imperative in such cases may in principle have resulted either from the phonetic and/or analogical loss of the final ր in the ending -իր or from the phonetic change է>ի. It is not infrequently hard to say unequivocally which of the two aforementioned developments is responsible for the appearance of the form in question. Besides, it is sometimes far from clear whether phonetic change or analogy has entailed the actual disappearance of the final ր in the ending -իր in a particular dialect. In this respect, the retention vs. loss of the final ր in the 2 sg. Imperative of irregular verbs mainly serves as a guideline for revealing the actual cause (namely, articulatory vs. analogical motivation) of the lack of the final ր in the 2 sg. Imperative of regular verbs, though the final ր of the 2 sg. Imperative of some irregular verbs is likely to have been restored secondarily by analogy with the 2 pl. Imperative in a few instances.