bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Application of Artificial Neural Network Model for Optimal Operation of a Reservoir System Towards Meeting Irrigation Demands
Authors: Hasim Sheak
Published: July 2023

Nine different ANN models are developed for the Kangsabati reservoir,
India with a various sets of input and target variables. A three-layer
fully connected feed forward multilayer network is used for all models.
As for the input and target dataset required for training of each model,
optimal solutions obtained from the deterministic DP model with
generated inflow sequences are used. Back propagation algorithm is used
during training. Regression parameters obtained from training under each
model, are used to identify the better model. For this purpose, a new
parameter $\phi$ is defined to select the best model
performed. Simulation is done using the observed inflow record of 32
years, resulting nine monthly release policies which are compared with
the release policy obtained from conventional DP and through error
analysis in terms of statistical parameters. Finally, the best model is
selected. The performance of the selected model is analysed by Monthly
surplus/deficit plot in Kharif \& Rabi season. Overall,
the performance of the selected ANN Model is satisfactory and acceptable
as an optimising model for reservoir operation.
Quantifying the Effect of Snow-Ice Formation on Snow Depth and Density over Arctic Sea Ice
Authors: Merkouriadi Ioanna , Liston Glen , Sallila Heidi
Published: July 2023

This study quantified the effect of snow-ice formation on SnowModel-LG
snow depth and density products. We coupled SnowModel-LG, a modeling
system adapted for snow depth and density reconstruction over sea ice,
with HIGHTSI, a 1-D sea ice thermodynamic model. Pan-Arctic model
simulations were performed over the period 1 August 1980 through 31 July
2022. We compared snow depth and density from the coupled product
(SnowModel-LG_HS) to the original outputs of SnowModel-LG. In
SnowModel-LG_HS, domain average snow depth decreased by 22%, and snow
density increased by 2% when compared to SnowModel-LG. The differences
were much larger in the Atlantic sector. Our simulations suggest that
when snow-on-sea-ice models account for snow-ice formation, snow depth
can be remarkably reduced. Sea ice thickness retrievals from CryoSat-2
were guided by both snow products. Averaged across the CryoSat-2 era
(2011-2022), domain average sea ice thickness retrievals decreased by
10% when snow-ice was accounted for.
GNSS Scintillations in the Cusp, and the Role of Precipitating Particle Energy Fluxes
Authors: Ivarsen Magnus Fagernes , Jin Yaqi , Spicher Andres , Maurice Jean-Pierre St.- , Park Jaeheung , Billett Daniel
Published: July 2023

Using a large dataset of ground-based GNSS scintillation observations
coupled with in-situ particle detector data, we perform a statistical
analysis of both the input energy flux from precipitating particles, and
the observed prevalence of density irregularities in the northern
hemisphere cusp. By examining geomagnetic activity trends in the two
databases, we conclude that the occurrence of irregularities in the cusp
grows increasingly likely during storm-time, whereas the precipitating
particle energy flux does not. We thus find a weak or nonexistent
statistical link between geomagnetic activity and precipitating particle
energy flux in the cusp. This is a result of a documented tendency for
the cusp energy flux to maximize during northward IMF, when density
irregularities tend not to be widespread. Their number clearly maximizes
during southward IMF. At any rate, even though ionization and subsequent
density gradients directly caused by soft electron precipitation in the
cusp are not to be ignored for the trigger of irregularities, our
results point to the need to scrutinize additional physical processes
for the creation of irregularities causing scintillations in and around
the cusp. While numerous phenomena known to cause density irregularities
have been identified and described, there is a need for a systematic
evaluation of the conditions under which the various destabilizing
mechanisms become important and how they sculpt the observed ionospheric
‘irregularity landscape’. As such, we call for a quantitative assessment
of the role of particle precipitation in the cusp, given that other
factors contribute to the production of irregularities in a major way.
Gravel-bed river morphodynamic processes throughout a very large flood event from numerical modeling
Authors: Yu Qingcheng , Rennie Colin David , Slaney Jonathan M.
Published: July 2023

Due to the lack of numerical modeling and continuous in-situ monitoring
of flow and sediment transport data, the mechanism of local-scale
morphodynamic processes during very large floods are not fully
understood. Thus, this study employs Delft3D to develop a
two-dimensional (2-D) morphodynamic model to simulate and analyze the
morphodynamic process of a gravel-bed river during an 80-year flood
event in Calgary, Canada. The model was calibrated using velocimetry
data and validated against the measured post-flood bed elevation data.
The coefficient of determination (R2) and ratio of the root-mean-square
error to the standard deviation (RSR) between the modeled and measured
bed elevation was 90% and 0.33, respectively, which demonstrates the
reliability of the model. The modeled flow velocity, bedload transport
rate, surface sediment sizes, and corresponding morphological changes at
different flood stages are presented and analyzed. Results show that bed
incision and the mid-channel bar continuously developed throughout the
flood while bank erosion and the growth of bank-attached bar mainly
happened during the rising and peak periods. We found that the timing
and duration of major morphological changes during a flood event varies
from site to site within a reach, but is similar for similar
morphological units. We also found that the spatial variation of channel
planform is the dominant determinant of major morphological changes
during floods, while flood events trigger the sediment motion and result
in actual deposition or erosion. Improvements are needed in terms of the
modeling of bedload transport and bed stratigraphy.
Approximating 3D Models of Planetary Evolution in 2D: A Comparison of Different Geometries
Authors: Fleury Aymeric , Plesa Ana-Catalina , Hüttig Christian , Breuer Doris
Published: July 2023

Regardless of the steady increase of computing power during the last
decades, 3D numerical models continue to be used in specific setups to
investigate the thermochemical convection of planetary interiors, while
the use of 2D geometries is still favored in most exploratory studies
involving a broad range of parameters. The 2D cylindrical and the more
recent 2D spherical annulus geometries are predominantly used in this
context, but the extent to how well they reproduce the 3D spherical
shell in comparison to each other, and in which setup, has not yet been
extensively studied. Here we performed a thorough and systematic study
in order to assess which 2D geometry reproduces best the 3D one. In a
first set of models, we investigated the effects of the geometry on
thermal convection in steady-state setups while varying a broad range of
parameters. Additional thermal evolution models of three terrestrial
bodies, respectively Mercury, the Moon, and Mars, which have different
interior structures, were used to compare the 2D and 3D geometries. Our
study shows that the spherical annulus geometry improves results
compared to cylindrical geometry when reproducing 3D models. Our results
can be used to determine for which setup acceptable differences are
expected when using a 2D instead of a 3D geometry.
Book Review: "Prisoners of Geography" by Tim Marshall
Authors: Ahn Young-Jin , Juraev Zuhriddin
Published: July 2023

This book review essay looks at Tim Marshall’s ”Prisoners of Geography” and its in-depth examination of the interplay between geography and international politics. The aim is to highlight the book’s key themes, including geopolitics, borders, trade routes, geopolitical conflict and colonial legacies. Through insightful analysis and engaging text, Marshall uncovers the central role that geography plays in shaping our world. The book’s continuing relevance is underlined by its links to significant global events and the author’s forward-looking questions. By recognising the practical factors that influence decision-making, rather than the purely ideological, the book offers a fresh perspective on current political and economic turmoil. The examination of the influence of geography and the call for increased international cooperation makes it a valuable resource for students of geography and anyone interested in political geography and globalisation.
Critical role of vertical radiative cooling contrast in triggering episodic deluges in small-domain hothouse climates
Authors: Song Xinyi , Abbot Dorian Schuyler , Yang Jun
Published: July 2023

Seeley and Wordsworth (2021) showed that in small-domain cloud-resolving
simulations the pattern of precipitation transforms in extremely hot
climates (≥320 K) from quasi-steady to organized episodic deluges, with
outbursts of heavy rain alternating with several dry days. They proposed
a mechanism for this transition involving increased water vapor
absorption of solar radiation leading to net lower-tropospheric
radiative heating. This heating inhibits lower-tropospheric convection
and decouples the boundary layer from the upper troposphere during the
dry phase, allowing lower-tropospheric moist static energy to build
until it discharges, resulting in a deluge. We perform cloud-resolving
simulations in polar night and show that the same transition occurs,
implying that some revision of their mechanism is necessary. We show
that episodic deluges can occur even if the lower-tropospheric radiative
heating rate is negative, as long as the magnitude of the
upper-tropospheric radiative cooling is about twice as large. We find
that in the episodic deluge regime the mean precipitation can be
inferred from the atmospheric column energy budget and the period can be
predicted from the time for radiation and reevaporation to cool the
lower atmosphere.
Making a Superbolt: Reconciling Observations of the Optically Brightest Lightning on Earth from Different Satellites
Authors: Peterson Michael Jay
Published: July 2023

We previously documented geographic distributions of the optically
brightest lightning on Earth – known as “superbolts” – using two
space-based instruments: the photodiode detector (PDD) on the Fast
On-orbit Recording of Transient Events (FORTE) satellite and the
Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) on NOAA’s newest Geostationary
Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES). In this study, we further
examine the superbolts identified by the PDD and GLM to reconcile the
differences between their geographic distributions. We find that both
the physical extent of the parent flash and the development speed of its
leaders are important for making a superbolt.

The oceanic PDD superbolts tend to occur early in flashes that rapidly
expand laterally into long-horizontal “megaflashes.” The top GLM
superbolts occur over land at later times in particularly large
megaflashes that grow more slowly until they extend over multiple
hundreds of kilometers. The FORTE PDD missed these delayed superbolts
due to limitations in its triggering.

Coincident TRMM measurements show that the warm season megaflash
superbolts detected by LIS/GLM and Turman’s (1977) wintertime oceanic
superbolts also observed by the PDD occur in otherwise similar
thunderstorm environments. Both are marked by: low storm heights
(< 10 km), widespread rainfall near the surface, small
infrared brightness temperature gradients, and low flash rates. We
suggest that the vertically-compact, stratiform nature of these clouds
allows them to store more charge between flashes, providing favorable
conditions for superbolt production.
Uncovering the dynamics of multi-sector impacts of hydrological extremes: a methods overview
Authors: Brito Mariana Madruga de , Sodoge Jan , Fekete Alexander , Hagenlocher Michael , Koks Elco , Kuhlicke Christian , Messori Gabriele , de Marleen Carolijn Ruiter, , Schweizer Pia-Johanna , Ward Philip J.
Published: July 2023

Hydrological extremes, such as droughts and floods, can trigger a
complex web of compound and cascading impacts due to interdependencies
between coupled natural and social systems. However, current
decision-making processes typically only consider one impact and
disaster event at a time, ignoring causal chains, feedback loops, and
conditional dependencies between impacts. Analyses capturing these
complex patterns across space and time are thus needed to better inform
effective adaptation planning. This perspective paper aims to bridge
this critical gap by presenting methods for assessing the dynamics of
the multi-sector compound and cascading impacts (CCI) of hydrological
extremes. We discuss existing challenges, good practices, and potential
ways forward. Rather than pursuing a single methodological approach, we
advocate for methodological pluralism. We see complementary roles for
analyses building on quantitative (e.g. data-mining, systems modeling)
and qualitative methods (e.g. mental models, qualitative storylines). We
believe the data-driven and knowledge-driven methods provided here can
serve as a useful starting point for understanding the dynamics of both
high-frequency CCI and low-likelihood but high-impact CCI. With this
perspective, we hope to foster research on CCI to improve the
development of adaptation strategies for reducing the risk of
hydrological extremes.
FaIRGP: A Bayesian Energy Balance Model for Surface Temperatures Emulation
Authors: Bouabid Shahine , Sejdinovic Dino , Watson-Parris Duncan
Published: July 2023

Emulators, or reduced complexity climate models, are surrogate Earth
system models that produce projections of key climate quantities with
minimal computational resources. Using time-series modelling or more
advanced machine learning techniques, data-driven emulators have emerged
as a promising avenue of research, producing spatially resolved climate
responses that are visually indistinguishable from state-of-the-art
Earth system models. Yet, their lack of physical interpretability limits
their wider adoption. In this work, we introduce FaIRGP, a data-driven
emulator that satisfies the physical temperature response equations of
an energy balance model. The result is an emulator that (i) enjoys the
flexibility of statistical machine learning models and can learn from
observations, and (ii) has a robust physical grounding with
interpretable parameters that can be used to make inference about the
climate system. Further, our Bayesian approach allows a principled and
mathematically tractable uncertainty quantification. Our model
demonstrates skillful emulation of global mean surface temperature and
spatial surface temperatures across realistic future scenarios. Its
ability to learn from data allows it to outperform energy balance
models, while its robust physical foundation safeguards against the
pitfalls of purely data-driven models. We also illustrate how FaIRGP can
be used to obtain estimates of top-of-atmosphere radiative forcing and
discuss the benefits of its mathematical tractability for applications
such as detection and attribution or precipitation emulation. We hope
that this work will contribute to widening the adoption of data-driven
methods in climate emulation.
Characterizing Offshore Freshened Groundwater Salinity Patterns using Trans-dimensional Bayesian Inversion of Controlled Source Electromagnetic Data: A Case Study from the Canterbury Bight, New Zealand
Authors: Faghih Zahra , Haroon Amir , Jegen Marion , Gehrmann Romina , Schwalenberg Katrin , Micallef Aaron , Dettmer Jan , Berndt Christian , Mountjoy Joshu J Joseph , Weymer Bradley A.
Published: July 2023

Although marine controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM) methods are
effective for investigating offshore freshened groundwater (OFG)
systems, interpreting the spatial extent and salinity of OFG remains
challenging. Integrating CSEM resistivity models with information on
sub-surface properties, such as host-rock porosity, allows for estimates
of pore-water salinity. However, deterministic inversion approaches pose
challenges in quantitatively analyzing these estimates as they provide
only one best-fit model with no associated estimate of model parameter
uncertainty. To address this limitation, we employ a trans-dimensional
Markov-Chain Monte-Carlo inversion on marine CSEM data, under the
assumption of horizontal stratification, collected from the Canterbury
Bight, New Zealand. We integrate the resulting posterior distributions
of electrical resistivity with borehole and seismic reflection data to
quantify pore-water salinity with uncertainty estimates. The results
reveal a low-salinity groundwater body in the center of the survey area
at varying depths, hosted by consecutive silty- and fine-sand layers
approximately 20 to 60 km from the coast. These observations support the
previous study’s results obtained through deterministic 2-D inversion
and suggest freshening of the OFG body closer to the shore within a
permeable, coarse-sand layer 40 to 150 m beneath the seafloor. This
implies a potential active connection between the OFG body and the
terrestrial groundwater system. We demonstrate how the Bayesian approach
constrains the uncertainties in resistivity models and subsequently in
pore-water salinity estimates. Our findings highlight the potential of
Bayesian inversions in enhancing our understanding of OFG systems,
providing crucial boundary conditions for hydrogeological modeling and
sustainable water resource development.
Türkiye ve Rusya Ders Kitaplarındaki Görsellerde Kadın İmajı
Authors: Özgür Berra , Şimşek Ahmet
Published: July 2023

Araştırmanın amacı, iki farklı ülke ders kitaplarındaki kadın imajına yönelik yaklaşım farkını ele almaktır. Bu amaçla 2021-2022 eğitim-öğretim döneminin Türkiye’de ilkokul düzeyinde okutulan Hayat Bilgisi ile Rusya’daki Etraftaki Dünya isimli ders kitapları incelenmiştir. İlgili ders kitaplarındaki görsel ögelerde; yetişkin kadın ve erkeklerin gösterilme sıklığı, meslekleri ve hangi eylemler içerisinde sunuldukları incelenmiştir. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmış, araştırma verileri doküman incelemesi yoluyla elde edilmiştir. Mevcut veriler betimsel analiz yöntemi ile çözümlenmiştir. Çalışma sonunda elde edilen bulgular, Türkiye’de okutulan Hayat Bilgisi ders kitaplarında kadınların görünür olma oranının erkeklerin görünür olma oranından fazla olduğunu göstermektedir. Üstelik kadınlar, statüsü yüksek mesleklerde resmedilmiştir. Kitapta erkeklerin örneklendirildiği bazı mesleklerde kadınlara yer verilmediği de görülmüştür. Fakat bunun yanı sıra kadın ve erkek iş bölümünü içeren örneklere az da olsa rastlanmıştır. Rusya’da ilkokulda okutulan Etraftaki Dünya ders kitabında ise kadının gösterilme oranı ve meslek çeşitliliği erkeklere göre azdır. Bu ders kitabında kadınlar, ev işleriyle daha çok ilişkilendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak ders kitaplarında toplumsal cinsiyet temsilleri açısından kadın imajının sunumunun, Türkiye’deki Hayat Bilgisi ders kitaplarında Rusya’daki Etraftaki Dünya ders kitaplarına göre cinsiyet eşitliği göstermede daha başarılı olduğu söylenebilir. Buna rağmen her iki ülke ders kitabında da görsellerin toplumsal cinsiyet yargılarına sahip olduğu ifade edilebilir. Bu çerçevede ders kitapları meslek grupları gösteriminde bir eşitlik içinde yaklaşılması ve başarılı kadın imajı örneklerine daha fazla yer verilmesi önerilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Hayat bilgisi; Etraftaki dünya; Ders kitabı; Toplumsal cinsiyet; Cinsiyet eşitliği; İlkokul.
0-1 Yaş Bebeği Olan Annelerin Ebeveyn Öz Düzenleme Yeterliliklerinin Bazı Değişkenlere Göre İncelenmesi
Authors: Yılmaz-Bursa Gülhan , Aksoy Ayşe Belgin
Published: July 2023

Ebeveynlerin kendilerini duygusal, davranışsal ve bilişsel olarak düzenlemeleri ebeveyn olma rolüne uyum konusunda önemlidir. Ebeveynlerin özdüzenleme konusunda başarılı olmalarını etkileyen çok sayıda faktör bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada annelerin ebeveyn öz düzenleme algılarının çeşitli değişkenlere göre incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma, nicel araştırma desenlerinden biri olan betimsel tarama modeline uygun olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Eskişehir ili Tepebaşı ve Odunpazarı ilçelerinde ikamet eden 0-1 yaşta bebeği olan 170 anne oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın verileri Hamilton, Matthews ve Crawford (2015) tarafından geliştirilen Ebeveyn Olarak Ben: Ebeveyn Öz Düzenleme Ölçeği ile elde edilmiştir. Çalışmanın verileri Kolmogorov-Simirnov normallik testi ile normal dağılım gösterdiği için betimsel istatistikler, t Testi ve Anova Testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Ebeveyn öz düzenleme algısının annenin yaşına, öğrenim durumuna, kendi bebeğinden önce başka bir bebeğin bakımından sorumlu olma durumuna göre farklılık gösterdiği saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Ebeveyn öz düzenleme; Öz düzenleme; Anne; Bebek.
Dean Concept from The Perspective of The Faculty of Science and Literature Students
Authors: Demirbilek Nesip
Published: July 2023

The aim of the study is determined how university students conceptualize and perceive the concept of dean through metaphors. In the study, phenomenological design, one of the qualitative research methods, was used, and a purposeful sampling technique was used to determine the participants. A total of 101 students studying at Bingöl University Faculty of Literature in the 2020-2021 academic year were included in the research. The “content analysis” technique was used to analyze the data. According to the results of the research, the categories in terms of frequency; authorized (f=19), unreachable and unknown (f=17), guiding and enlightening (f=17), guarding and protecting (f=14), solution-generating (f=10), basic need (f=8) useful and valuable (f=7) useless and unreliable (f=6), and biased (f=3); It is seen that there are categories. As a result of the research, with the effect of the high-power distance in Turkish society, it has been determined that Bingöl University Faculty of Arts and Sciences students have the perception that it will not be possible to reach the dean and the dean and have a paternalist perspective. Considering students’ perceptions and expectations, deans are recommended to act with open communication and a management approach that is closer to the student.

Keywords: Authority; Dean; High power distance; Paternalism; Unreachable.
Okuma Güçlüğü Olan Üçüncü Sınıf Öğrencisinin Yankılayıcı Okuma ve SQ4R Stratejileri Yoluyla Okuma Becerisinin Geliştirilmesi
Authors: Ulu-Bilim Hacer
Published: July 2023

Okuma becerisi bireylere öğrenim hayatının ilk yıllarında kazandırılmaktadır. Bu becerinin kazandırılamaması ya da geliştirilememesi bireyin akademik hayatının her döneminde sorun olarak karşısına çıkmasının yanı sıra günlük hayatına da olumsuz yansımaları bulunmaktadır. Bu açıdan okuma becerilerindeki sorunların belirlenmesi ve sorunlara göre müdahalede bulunulması gerekmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı okuma güçlüğü olan ilkokul üçüncü sınıf öğrencisinin okuma güçlüğünün giderilmesinde yankılayıcı okuma ve SQ4R stratejisinin etkisini araştırmaktır. Çalışma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden eylem araştırması deseninde tasarlanmıştır. Kuramsal çerçeve ve öğrencinin okuma becerisi dikkate alınarak bireyselleştirilmiş okuma programı hazırlanmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak “Yanlış Analiz Envanteri”, okuma metinleri ve video kayıtları kullanılmıştır. Bu uygulama, toplam yirmi beş ders saatinde tamamlanmıştır. Araştırma sonucu, öğrencinin okuma düzeyinin endişe düzeyinden öğretim düzeyine yükseldiğini göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Okuma güçlüğü; Kelime tanıma; Okuduğunu anlama düzeyi.
Determination of parameters of magnetically coupled coils based on mathematical models of their magnetic circuits
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Horyachko Vsevolod , Hamola Orest ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Ryzhyi Taras ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: July 2023

Calculation of electromagnetic parameters of static and dynamic magnetically coupled inductors based on mathematical models of their magnetic circuits is proposed. The inductance and mutual inductance of such coils are determined using the geometric dimensions of the coils themselves, their relative location, and the physical parameters of the environment.
Optical study and simulation of diffusion of copper ions in the linbo3 crystal
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Scientific Research Company 'Electron-Carat', Sugak Dmytro , Yakhnevych Uliana ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Buryi Oleh ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Syvorotka Ihor ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Hurskyy Stepan ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: July 2023

The article deals with research into the processes of diffusion and drift of copper ions in a lithium niobate crystal after annealing in the presence of a copper film deposited on the crystal surface. For this purpose, there are chosen temperatures T = 600, 650, 700, 750 and 800°C, with the duration of high-temperature annealing being 6 hours for each sample. The optical absorption spectra of the samples are recorded in the direction perpendicular to the direction of diffusion at different distances from the edge of the crystal. Absorption bands of Cu+ (400 nm) and Cu2+ (1000 nm) ions are observed in all the samples annealed. The intensity of the bands varies depending on the annealing temperature and the distance from the diffusion source. Concentrations of copper ions are calculated using the Smakula–Dexter formula. Depth dependences of the Cu ions concentration are approximated within the framework of the model, taking into account both diffusion and drift of Cu ions. Experimental spatial distributions of copper ion concentrations are well approximated by theoretical curves calculated within the framework of the mathematical model of diffusion. The diffusion coefficients determined from the approximations are well-agreed with the available data from the literature.
Semantic study: Polysemi in arabic form of verb and noun
Authors:   Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Arab, Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember, Cinta Fitria , Irawan Bambang ,   Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Arab, Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember, Hasan Nur ,   Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Arab, Universitas Islam Malang
Published: July 2023

In semantic studies, there is a relationship between words and meaning. However, language learners often experience difficulties in assigning meaning to a word or sentence. The purpose of this research is to find out in depth about polysemy, the causes of its occurrence and examples of polysemy in verb and noun forms. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. Data collection techniques use library research using journals and books that are relevant to the discussion. Data analysis techniques use the relevant data collection stages, data reduction, grouping and selecting the necessary data, then providing temporary conclusions and verifying the data. The final stage is data collection and data presentation systematically (data display). The results of this study are polysemy is a relationship between words that are often used in several sentences or different contexts, or can be interpreted as a word that has more than one meaning. So that polysemy has a basic meaning and a derived meaning. The main causes of polysemy are; (1) dialect development (2) figurative language, (3) sharaf rules, (4) mixing of other languages and (5) language development. Polysemy can occur as nouns and verbs. Words that contain polysemy meaning can occur in noun and verb forms. An example of polysemy is the noun يد which has many meanings, including hands, help/power/strength, thief, power/will, guidance, giver, cash (cash) and virtue/kindness. The word وجه has many meanings including face, beginning/beginning, surrender, not feeling humiliated, right, actually, absolutely, substance, apostasy and equality. The word قام in the Qur'an has many meanings, including standing, implementing, replacing and held. The verb نصر when experiencing derivation has many meanings including helping, being Christian, helping each other, winning and asking for help.
Anesthetic Management of a Patient with Poland’s syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Jun Young Eun , Jung Yun Do , Kang Lee Kyeong , Kim Kyu Nam
Published: July 2023

Poland syndrome is a rare congenital disease characterized by various degrees of chest wall defects, such as deficits in the small thoracic muscle and defects in the neuromuscular region of the small thoracic muscle. In addition, this condition may present with loss or weak development of the papilla and breasts and can be accompanied by brachydactyly, syndactyly, and limb defects in the hands and feet on the same side. Poland syndrome also may cause various deformities in the heart, lungs, and kidneys. These lung deformities can produce hypoventilation and hypoxia as the function of the respiratory muscle decreases, leading to increased pulmonary complications postoperatively. Since these patients also have an increased risk of malignant hyperthermia, careful attention is required in the selection of drugs for inducing general anesthesia. We would like to report an experience of general anesthesia for breast reconstruction in a 20-year-old female patient with Poland syndrome.
Unusual Case of Acute Subdural Hematoma after Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy: A Case Report and Comprehensive Literature Review
Authors: Echnin Jihad , Nassima Daite  , Nassima Daite  , Abdelkedouss Laaidi  , Said Hilmani  , Khadija Ibahioin  , Abdessamad Naja  , Abdelhakim Lakhdar
Published: July 2023

Background: Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is a valuable treatment for obstructive hydrocephalus, but it is not without complications. We present a rare case of acute subdural hematoma following ETV and provide a literature review on the subject.

Case Description: A 23-year-old patient underwent ETV in 2016 for hydrocephalus, resulting in symptom improvement. Four years later, the patient experienced a recurrence of symptoms and underwent a second ETV. Meningitis developed, causing a decline in neurological status. Imaging revealed a calcified mesencephalic lesion, tri-ventricular hydrocephalus, and an acute right parieto-temporo-occipital subdural hematoma. Surgical evacuation and external ventricular drainage were performed, followed by CSF sterilization and a self-adjusting valve placement.

Conclusion: Excessive CSF loss during ETV may contribute to subdural hematoma. ETV remains the preferred treatment for non-communicating hydrocephalus, and enhanced training and experience can reduce complication rates.
Emotional Deprivation and Its Relation to Psychological Compatibility among Jerusalemite Palestinian Ex-Detainees Who Were in Israeli Prisons
Authors: Sabbah Suheir S. , Barqan Nura , Halabiyah Fadwa
Published: July 2023

The harsh conditions to which Palestinian prisoners are exposed are a human experience that carries deep psychological meanings, thereby exposing them to multiple types of traumas, whether physical, material, moral and political violence. This in itself negatively affects their emotions and their compatibility in the future when they are freed from captivity, which consequently affects their psychological compatibility. From this viewpoint, the study aimed to identify the emotional deprivation and its relationship to psychological compatibility among Palestinian ex-detainees in the city of Jerusalem. The study population consisted of 3,613 freed prisoners in Jerusalem. The study sample comprised from 103 released prisoners who were chosen by the accessibility sampling method due to the difficulty of accessing the prisoners. The study used the descriptive correlative approach such that the following two tools were used: emotional deprivation and psychological compatibility, and the validity and reliability of the study tools were verified. The results showed that the level of emotional deprivation and psychological compatibility of the released prisoners in Jerusalem was moderate, with a mean of 2.59 and 3.42, respectively. There was an inverse relationship between emotional deprivation and psychological compatibility among the Palestinian ex-detainees in Jerusalem.
Sick Role in Nigeria Education: The Way Forward
Authors: Arogundade Abiola Oluyemi
Published: July 2023

Weighing the challenges in Nigerian educational institutions, the sick role of Talcott Parson is deployed to examine the dysfunction of the institution. This paper engaged the theoretical perspective as well as relevant literature to investigate the challenges and suggested how to reduce undue interruption of academic activities caused mostly by strike actions. The paper contributed a logical conclusion that the education institution's sick role poses a great danger to both the institution system, staff welfare, student education process and society at large, hence, there is a need for a strongwill between government and the institutions labour union is necessary to address the challenges in Nigerian Educational Institutions. In addition, the government should deploy appropriate legal action for negotiating the demands of labour unions  effectively before strike actions.
Book Reviews, 13(2)
Authors:   Island Studies Journal
Published: July 2023

Book reviews, 13(2).
Investigating the English Pronunciation Problems for Non-Native Speakers of the Language: A Study on Charmo University Students
Authors:   English Department, College of Education, Charmo University, Chamchamal, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, Muhammed Areen
Published: July 2023

There are plenty of articles and papers focusing on second language learning and its methods; however, very few studies can be found to investigate the pronunciation problems of undergraduate students. In addition, understanding pronunciation is an important part of communicative competence. It is widely approved that students should master pronunciation to be able to grasp the language adequately; moreover, many solutions have been carried out. Yet, students should find out the problems to be able to fix the issues. The purpose of this study is to investigate the problems non-native speakers of English have, especially undergraduate students. Students with better and acceptable pronunciation can easily improve their other language skills than those with weak pronunciation. Throughout the study, university students were used as the tool to investigate the problems and later suggestions, recommendations, and solutions were given based on the data the researcher found. In this research two methods of data collection were used; qualitative (Interview) and quantitative (Questionnaire) were used on Charmo University / English Department Students.
An Eco-Critical Study of James Hilton’s Lost Horizon and Random Harvest
Authors:   Department of General Education, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, Perot Shwana
Published: July 2023

Eco-criticism is an environmentally focused literary study that seeks to uncover the root causes of environmental problems. It emerged as a revolt against human being’s anthropocentric attitude of destruction, and suppression toward nature. James Hilton is one of the novelists whose writings unravel one of the vilest acts of human being. The devastating effects of warfare on humankind and environment are a key theme in his works. Hilton, in Lost Horizon and Random Harvest, depicts a world where war and armed conflicts have wreaked havoc on civilization and the ecosystem. Hilton expresses his concern about the destructive ways that humans treat the planet and emphasizes that destroying the environment will lead to the extinction of humanity. Through the critical lenses of eco-criticism, this study sought to examine the disastrous effects of warfare and armed conflict on humans and nature in the aforementioned novel.
"HE" A Short Story by Katherine Ann Porter, A Psycholinguistic Analysis of Barthesean & Darridean Approaches
Authors:   Department of English, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, Al-Faris Suhair
Published: July 2023

The purpose of the current study is to demonstrate the process of analyzing a text of a short story through adopting the approach of “Readerly text” and “Plurality by employing two analytical theories of Barthes and Darrida respectively. In addition, the researcher adopted a psycholinguistic analysis method along with the two aforementioned approaches in order to add a valuable dimension to the interpretation of these two approaches. The analytical methodology is applied on a short story entitled “He” by Kathrine Ann Porter (1927) by classifying it into 27 lexias and analyzing it utilizing the “five codes” of Barthes and the “deconstruction theory” of Darrida with a psycholinguistics interference. This study provides the reader with the ability of creating meaning throughout the process of reading according to the social, cultural, scientific and psychological setting. However, the meaning gained is not a stable entity. Within these two approaches comes the psycholinguistic analysis of the text to support the concept that proposes that each linguistic means has psycholinguistic dimension
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN SISWA DENGAN MENERAPKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN NHT DI KELAS VI SD NEGERI 098 PIDOLI
Authors: Nuriana Nuriana
Published: July 2023

Abstract: Efforts to Improve Student Understanding by Applying the NHT Learning Model In Grade VI SD Negeri 098 Pidoli. In Cycle I, the average test score 69 with learning completeness is 44.82% and in Cycle II the average test score 83 with learning completeness increased to 89.65%, and succeeded in giving a complete learning outcome in a classical manner. The Numbered Heads Together (NHT) learning model provides a change in student learning activities. Student activity data according to observer observation in Cycle I are writing / reading (38,8%), doing LKS (27,9%), asking fellow friend (17%), asking teacher (11,7%), and not relevant to KBM (4.6%). Student activity data according to observation in Cycle II, among others, write / read (21,3%), Working on LKS (49,6%), ask fellow friend (18,3%), ask teacher (7,9%), which is not relevant to KBM (2.9%). So that improves student learning activities in two cycles. Keywords: NHT Learning Model, Understanding Learning, Learning Activity Abstrak : Upaya Meningkatkan Pemahaman Siswa Dengan Menerapkan Model Pembelajaran NHT Di Kelas VI SD Negeri 098 Pidoli. Pada Siklus I ratarata nilai tes 69 dengan ketuntasan pembelajaran sebesar 44,82% dan pada Siklus II rata-rata nilai tes 83 dengan ketuntasan pembelajaran naik menjadi 89,65%, dan berhasil memberikan ketuntasan hasil belajar secara klasikal.Model pembelajaran Numbered Heads Together (NHT) memberikan perubahan aktivitas belajar pada siswa. Data aktivitas siswa menurut pengamatan pengamat pada Siklus I antara lain menulis/membaca (38,8%), mengerjakan LKS (27,9% ), bertanya sesama teman (17%), bertanya kepada guru (11,7%), dan yang tidak relevan dengan KBM (4,6%). Data aktivitas siswa menurut pengamatan pada Siklus II antara lain menulis/membaca (21,3%), Mengerjakan LKS (49,6%), bertanya sesama teman (18,3%), bertanya kepada guru (7,9%), dan yang tidak relevan dengan KBM (2,9%).Sehingga terjadi perbaikan aktivitas belajar siswa dalam dua siklus. Kata Kunci : Model Pembelajaran NHT, Pemahaman Belajar, Aktivitas Belajar
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN STAD SEBAGAI PERBAIKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR PKN SISWA DI KELAS IV SD NEGERI 027 HUBARA
Authors: Derhani Derhani
Published: July 2023

Abstract: Application of Cooperative Learning Model of STAD as Improvement of Student Achievement Student PKN In Grade IV SDN 027 Huraba. Learning Civics in SDN 027 Huraba has not given a complete learning classical without remedial program. This condition is caused by the activity or active activities of students in learning is still low. It should be pursued learning which beroientasi on student activity (nurse at student) to improve student achievement.The research was conducted on the fourth grade students of SDN 027 Huraba with the number of 23 students. After the study lasted for two cycles can be concluded. Student activity data according to observer observation in cycle I are: reading / reading (52%), working (15,8%), asking fellow friend (12,9%), asking teacher (10%), and irrelevant KBM (10%) Student activity data according to observation in cycle II are: reading / reading (28%), working (23%), asking fellow friends (20%), asking teacher (13,0%), and not relevant to KBM (16.1%) Keywords: Improvement of Learning Achievement, Civics, Students, Learning ModelSTAD Abstrak : Penerapan Model Pembelajaran STAD Sebagai Perbaikan Prestasi Belajar PKN Siswa Di Kelas IV SDN 027 Huraba. Pembelajaran PKn di SDN 027 Huraba belum memberikan ketuntasan belajar klasikal tanpa program remedial. Kondisi ini disebabkan oleh aktivitas atau keterlibatan aktif siswa dalam pembelajaran masih rendah sehingga prestasi belajar siswa juga rendah. Perlu diupayakan pembelajaran yang beroientasi pada aktivitas siswa (berpusat pada siswa) untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa.Penelitian dilakukan pada siswa kelas IV SDN 027 Huraba dengan jumlah 23 siswa. Setelah penelitian berlangsung selama dua siklus dapat disimpulkan bahwa. Data aktivitas siswa menurut pengamatan pengamat pada siklus I antara lain:membaca/membaca(52%),bekerja (15,8% ), bertanya sesama teman (12,9%), bertanya kepada guru (10%), dan yang tidak relevandengan KBM (10%).Data aktivitas siswa menurut pengamatan pada siklusII antara lain: membaca/membaca (28%), bekerja (23%), bertanya sesama teman (20%), bertanya kepada guru (13,0%), dan yang tidak relevan dengan KBM (16,1%). Kata Kunci : Perbaikan Prestasi Belajar, PKn, Siswa, Model Pembelajaran STAD
PENERAPAN MODELLEARNING TOGETHER DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN GURU MENYUSUN RPP DI SEKOLAH BINAAN KECAMATAN MEDAN AREA
Authors: Hutagalung Jonter
Published: July 2023

Abstract :Implementation of Learning Together Model In Improving Teacher's Capacity of Preparing RPP in Binuran District of Medan Area.This study aims to improve the ability of teachers in preparing the Learning Implementation Plan through the implementation of cooperative method of Learning Together model in the Binaan school district Medan Area Medan city lesson 2015/2016. The study was conducted in SMP Negeri 13 Medan with Subject in research is the teacher of subjects of Christian Religious Education amounted to 9 people from the Binaan School of Medan Area Medan sub district. Based on the analysis in cycle I, from 10 aspects of observation there are 7 aspects get enough category and 3 aspects in the category less. Furthermore, in Cycle II shows 10 aspects of observation entirely get good category and even some aspects almost reach the category very well. The results of this study indicate that the method of learning together can improve the competence of teachers in preparing the RPP. It can be proven from the result of teacher competence assessment in preparing the RPP from Cycle I to Cycle II Keywords: Ability, Teacher, PAK, RPP, Learning Together Method Abstrak :Penerapan Model Learning Together Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Guru Menyusun RPP Di Sekolah Binaan Kecamatan Medan Area. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan guru dalam menyusun Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran melalui penerapan metode kooperatif model Learning Together di Sekolah Binaan kecamatan Medan Area kota Medan tahun pelajaran 2015/2016. Penelitian dilakukan di SMP Negeri 13 Medan dengan Subjek dalam penelitian adalah guru pengampu mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen berjumlah 9 orang dari Sekolah Binaan kecamatan Medan Area kota Medan. Berdasarkan analisa pada siklus I, dari 10 aspek pengamatan terdapat 7 aspek mendapatkan kategori cukup dan 3 aspek dalam kategori kurang. Selanjutnya, pada Siklus II menunjukkan 10 aspek pengamatan seluruhnya mendapatkan kategori baik bahkan beberapa aspek hampir mencapai kategori sangat baik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa metode learning together dapat meningkatkan kompetensi guru dalam menyusun RPP. Hal itu dapat dibuktikan dari hasil penilaian kompetensi guru dalam menyusun RPP dari Siklus I ke Siklus II Kata Kunci :Kemampuan, Guru, PAK, RPP, Metode Learning Together
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS BELAJAR IPA MELALUI METODE CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING DI KELAS V SD NEGERI NO. 190 KOTANOPAN KECAMATAN KOTANOPAN
Authors: Salamah G
Published: July 2023

Abstrak : Upaya Meningkatkan Aktivitas Belajar IPA Melalui Metode Contextual Teaching And Learning Di Kelas V SD Negeri No. 190 Kotanopan Kecamatan Kotanopan. Berdasarkan hasil test pra siklus hanya 7 siswa (31,8%) yang memperoleh nilai 70 ke atas (tuntas). Sedangkan 15 siswa yang lain (68,2%) mendapat nilai dibawah 70 (tidak tuntas). Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana penggunaan metode tersebut dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada materi memahami Rangka Manusia di Kelas V SD Negeri No. 190 Kotanopan Kecamatan Kotanopan Kabupaten Mandailing Natal. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 22 orang, 13 perempuan dan 9 laki-laki. Pada siklus I presentase ketuntasan belajar 54,5% dan ketuntasan kelas 62,5%. Pada siklus II diperoleh presentase ketuntasan belajar 100% dan ketuntasan kelas 85,9%. Aktivitas belajar IPA siswa pada siklus I sebesar 61,9%, sedangakan pada siklus II sebesar 74,5%. Nilai rata-rata pada siklus I sebesar 65 dan pada siklus II menjadi 77,3.Kata Kunci : Contextual Teaching and Learning, Mata Pelajaran IPA, Aktivitas Siswa dan Hasil Nilai Belajar
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA PELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM MELALUI METODE PEMBELAJARAN CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING MATERI POKOK HARI AKHIRAT (KIAMAT) DI KELAS VI SDN 213 HUTARIMBARU TAHUN PELAJARAN 2016/2017
Authors: Lubis Mardiah
Published: July 2023

Abstract : Efforts to Increase Student Learning Outcomes In Islamic Education Lessons Through Learning Methods Contextual Teaching and Learning Basic Matter of the Hereafter (Doomsday) in Class VI SD Negeri No. 213 Hutarimbaru Lessons 2016/2017. This study aims to determine the extent to which the use of these methods can improve student learning outcomes on the material to understand the Human Framework in Class VI State Elementary School. 213 Hutarimbaru Kotanopan Sub-district, Mandailing Natal District. The subjects of this research are the students of Grade VI of SD Negeri No. 213 Hutarimbaru Kotanopan Sub-district, Mandailing Natal Regency with 22 students, 13 of them female and 9 male. From the research, it is found that the improvement of the learning result after the action is done. And in the end there is a significant influence between the learning model Contextual Teaching and Learning on student learning outcomes, the higher the student activity in learning will be the higher the value of learning results obtained. Keywords : Contextual Teaching and Learning Method, Learning OutcomesAbstrak : Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Melalui Metode Pembelajaran Contextual Teaching and Learning Materi Pokok Hari Akhirat (Kiamat) di Kelas VI SD Negeri No. 213 Hutarimbaru Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana penggunaan metode tersebut dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada materi memahami Rangka Manusia di Kelas VI SD Negeri No. 213 Hutarimbaru Kecamatan Kotanopan Kabupaten Mandailing Natal. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa Kelas VI SD Negeri No. 213 Hutarimbaru Kecamatan Kotanopan Kabupaten Mandailing Natal dengan jumlah siswa 22 orang, 13 orang diantara perempuan dan 9 orang laki-laki. Dari penelitian yang dilaksanakan diperoleh peningkatan hasil belajar setelah dilaksanakan tindakan. Dan pada akhirnya terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara model pembelajaran Contextual Teaching and Learning terhadap hasil belajar siswa, semakin tinggi aktivitas siswa dalam belajar akan semakin tinggi pula nilai hasil belajar yang diperoleh.Kata Kunci : Metode Contextual Teaching and Learning, Hasil Belajar