bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Energy Efficiency Design of Self-Insulation System with Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Block in Cold Regions
Authors: Miao Ji Kui , Bing Qing De
Published: January 2014

Self-insulation wall made of autoclaved aerated concrete has integrated the functions of structure and insulation in one; it has become the focus of the development of outer wall energy-saving technologies. To study the feasibility of the autoclaved aerated concrete block wall in the cold regions, we take one office building in Jinan City as an engineering example, present the construction practices of the self-insulation wall and the thermal bridge, and carry out the numerical simulation analysis of the energy consumption. The results show that autoclaved aerated concrete self-insulation wall meet the office building energy efficiency design standards for cold areas. Based on the analysis of the wall thermal parameter, the optimum thickness of the block masonry and insulating layer of thermal bridge are proposed for engineering designers reference.
Technical System and Application Strategy of Digital Urban Planning Management
Authors: Liu Jing , Sun Hai Jun
Published: January 2014

Based on comprehensive description of current development situation and characteristic, the article systematically summaries and analysis current problem and development trend after revisiting development concept and significance, then builds up scientific and practical technical system of digital urban planning management, analysis main key technology, finally brings up corresponding application strategies.
Extraction of Ningxia Region New Rural Living Environment to Repair again
Authors: Wang Xiao Yan
Published: January 2014

The merits of the rural human settlements environment is an important symbol of measuring the quality of peasants' living. Farmers begin to pay close attention to the quality of the rural residential environment, such as safety, comfort, convenience and a sense of belonging. This study with the Ningxia new rural as research object, from the living conditions, the new village construction situation, the living environment satisfaction in the process of optimization problems, explored the causes of problems of the rural residential environment, for the next phase of the new sformation to provide reference and help.
A Study on the Strategy of Constructing Urban Water System in North Cold City - A Case Study of Dolon-Nuur Town, Inner Mongolia
Authors: Rong Li Hua , Lv Hui Fen
Published: January 2014

Urban water system is the lifeblood of urban development and it has special effects in the urban landscape structure and function. In urban Planning and construction, water system should be carefully constructed under the water decides urban concept and the principles of overall coordination, ecological priority and local characteristics to realize the harmony of human and nature. The master plan of Dolon-nuur Town discusses the strategy of constructing urban water system in north winter city, and put forward to build perfect urban water structure, rich waterfront function, pay attention to flood control and detention, conform the monsoon, waterfront greening collocation, make full use of resources of ice and snow and avoid the pollution, in view of the cold city features.
Historical Architectures Renovation Strategy under the Guidance of the Ecologic Concept
Authors: Zhang Jun , Zou Yu Hong
Published: January 2014

In the light of the current status concerning the update of historical building,this thesis proposes that the update of historical building should be combined with ecological concepts, to apply eco-design elements in the renovation of historical architectures, integrate eco-design techniques into the historical architectures renovation strategy and achieve the ecological transformation of the system so as to promote eologicalization in the historical architectures renovation system.
Study of Fractal Structure Characteristics of Urban System in Northern Shaanxi
Authors: Zhou Zai Hui , Ma Jing
Published: January 2014

Based on the fractal theory,a quantitative research of the hierarchical structure of urban system, spatial structure and spatial agglomeration characteristics in Northern Shaanxi was made. Working on a major database of Northern Shaanxi non-agricultural population over 2012,traffic map of Shaanxi Province. The results indicate that Yanan and Yulin urban system scale is more concentrated and distribution is more balanced. The Transport accessibility between towns is better. Towns can develop economic cooperation by using infrastructure. The spatial distribution features of urban system in two cities is relatively concentrated. Towns is mainly in the valley along the river which is the main development axes of the urban system. The spatial distribution of urban system in Northern Shaanxi is decreasing from the center to the periphery .The town system presents a cluster distribution.
Thinking of Village Construction in Central Region under the Context of Labor Migration
Authors: Yi Pan , Xin Li , Guo Sheng Yu
Published: January 2014

China’s 30 years’ rapid urbanization process is not a usual one but a particular process promoted in the dual social-economic structure like household registration policy and land system, According to the sixth census, China's floating population has reached 261 million, that is, among every three Chinese city's residents, there is one person belonging to the “Migrant-urbanization” group made up of migrant peasant workers. Large number of rural labor migration, on the one hand, it causes false components in the process of urbanization, on the other hand, it brings a lot of problems to village construction of the central region which is considered as population exporter. It also somehow gradually formed the result of the "amphibious" population who was not engaged in agricultural production, localization tendency of rural industries, sidelined agriculture, and the disordered development of towns and villages. This paper is based on the background that regional labor movement from backward areas to developed coastal areas.Furthermore, this paper analyzes both the positive effects and the negative impact of labor migration which brought about to the construction of the central region village in China. Finally, this paper proposed three strategies about construction of the central region village in China with the aim to contribute to the much better sustainable development of rural villages and improve the co-development of both the rural and urban areas, first, how to arrange the surplus rural laborers; how to make rural land use more economically and intensively; and how to balance the development of urban and rural areas.
The Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in Wastewater Biological Treatment Field
Authors: Peng Si Mai , Chen Yi Di , Guo Wan Qian , Yang Shan Shan , Wu Qing Lian , Luo Hai Cao , Ren Nan Qi
Published: January 2014

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), which is a widely used technique, has been applied to the wastewater biological treatment field recently. It can clearly reveal the inner flow state that is the hydraulic condition of a biological reactor. In engineering, it is able to guide the optimization, and even the design. This paper reviews the application of CFD in the main biological reactors, including: stabilization pond, membrane bioreactor and activated sludge reactor. In addition, the existing difficulties are thoroughly analyzed from three aspects: the current researches, the limitation of the studies and the reasons of the limitation. The ultimate purpose of this review is to point out the developing direction of the research and to inspire researchers to expand the use of CFD in this field.
Occurrence and Treatment of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Surface Water around the Global Region
Authors: Guo Wan Qian , Cao Hai Ou , Zhou Xian Jiao , Yin Ren Li
Published: January 2014

The occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in surface water, and their potential impacts on human health are emerging issues all over the world. This paper summarizes the data from worldwide research groups, aiming to illustrate the occurrence of PPCPS, and their potential threatens to human health. Furthermore, the current efficient treatment methods for the PPCPS were discussed as well.
Method Development for Low Phosphate Measurement
Authors: Jin Wei , He Xin , Liu Fang
Published: January 2014

Recently, many studies have suggested phosphate limitation (<0.25ugP/l) as an option to control biofouling in RO system. It becomes to be able to develop a method to determine phosphate in seawater, having a limit of detection at least less than 0.25ugP/l. Therefore, this paper aimed at method development for phosphate measurement at very low concentration, which was carried out by modifying the existing ascorbic acid method with hexanol extraction and the result show that LOD was lowered to 0.13ugP/l after modification.
The Application of Combined Sewage Treatment Technology in Rural Polluted Water Prevention and Control
Authors: Liao Qiu Yang , You Shao Hong , Chen Meng Hua , Yang Ming Yun
Published: January 2014

With the constant development of new socialist countryside in our country and the new requirement of eco-environments construction proposed in the 18th National Party Congress. Sewage treatment equipments in rural area are in great demand year by year. New technologies in rural areas aim at dealing with sewage increase continuously. This thesis introduces the water quality of water system and lakes in our country, analyzing the influence of rural pollution, pointing out the current problems when we tackle with water pollution. The last part is the application of several small combined sewage treatment machines used in water pollution prevention and control in rural area.
Vehicle Air Quality Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation
Authors: Wang Ruo Jun , Xu Yan Ying
Published: January 2014

Vehicle air quality is attracted attention more and more with the increase of private vehicles popularization rate but the air quality evaluation is difficult to achieve standardization in the short term. The main pollutants affecting vehicle air quality were analyzed. Index factors were identified and the classification method of vehicle air quality evaluation were determined combining with China and international air quality standards. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was established for vehicle air quality evaluation. According to the degree of different pollutants harm to human body, weight of each index factor was determined. The evaluation results would provide theoretical basis for the comparison of different vehicle air quality conditions and vehicle air pollution control.
Research of Red Tide Algae Images Feature Selection Method Based on ReliefF and SBS
Authors: Li Shu Fang , Jia Qin , Liang Hong
Published: January 2014

In order to Red Tide algae present real-time automatic classification method of high accuracy rate, this paper proposes using ReliefF-SBS for feature selection. Namely feature analysis about Red Tide algae image original data set. And on this basis, feature selection to remove the irrelevant features and redundant features from the original feature set feature, to get the optimal feature subset, and reduce their impact on the classification accuracy. Meanwhile compare the classification results before and after SVM and KNN two kinds feature selection classifiers.
Research on the Factors of Wind Direction and Distance in the Impact of Sand Source on its Neighborhood: An Example from Three Regions of Southern Xinjiang, China
Authors: Qian Yan , Bai Chun Guang , Chen Bai Quan , Mu Gui Jin
Published: January 2014

Wind-blown sand is now one of the most serious environmental issues around the world. The properties of wind and the distance from sand source to the affected locations are two most important factors for assessing the effect of the sand source on its neighborhood. To acquire better assessment result, the methods of wind vector interpolation and the measurement of the distance from sand source to the affected location have been researched. The adopted interpolation procedure for wind vector includes three steps: 1) resolve the existing wind vectors, 2) interpolate based on the resolved wind vectors using inverse distance weighted interpolation, and 3) compose the interpolated wind vectors. This paper also presents a new measuring method and its theoretical basis to acquire the distance from sand source to the affected location. This paper claims that the distance along the wind direction, based on which the range of the damage can be acquired, is more valuable for the damage evaluation. The presented method has been applied to three regions of Southern Xinjiang, China.
Studies on Coupled Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Model of Hot Rock
Authors: Ma Jie
Published: January 2014

Numerical model of thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling processes of radioactive waste during the long-time disposal is established with the multi-fields coupling theory, based on the theory of continuum mechanics, thermo elastic material mechanics, and considered the influence of the variation of water viscosity due to temperature variation on permeability of pore water. The whole process of excavation，heating phase and cooling phase have been simulated in the calculation；and the calculated results are analyzed. It indicates that the anisotropy of thermo-hydro-mechanical behavior of the argillite rock is the main factor affecting temperature distribution，pore pressure and stress fields. The results make clear that the differences of coupling action and uncoupling action are obvious and the effects of coupling cannot be ignored.
Renovation of "Workers Village" with Overall Protection Type in Western Countries and Renovation of "Workers Village" with Museum-Style in Railway West in China
Authors: Fu Yao , Wang Lin
Published: January 2014

The thesis Introduced an important part of the industrial heritage--“Workers Village”.And it mainly compared two different renovation of the practice of "worker village",analyzed the causes of "worker village" with overall protection type in western country and the renovation of the “workers village”with Museum-style in our country including some misunderstanding,as well as talked "Workers Village" renovation practical significance for our country.It highlighted value of the re-use "worker village" renovation, economic value, cultural value. It also pointed out an important position in the industrial heritage of urban development.
Study on Optimal Controlling Strategy of Backwashing Process in Biological Aerated Filter
Authors: Zhang Shou Bin , Qiu Li Ping , Xie Kang
Published: January 2014

Basing on comprehensive analysis of the existing backwashing modes of Biological Aerated Filter (BAF), air and water combined backwashing was taken as the most efficient and economic mode for BAF backwashing in this study to ensure operating stability and backwashing effect. Then the relevant parameters, involved in air flushing, air and water combined washing and water rinsing, were optimized reasonably. In this paper, the optimal backwashing control strategy was recommended as follows: air backwashing 3 minutes with air backwashing intensity of 10 L/m2·s,secondly, air and water combined backwashing 3 minutes with both air and water backwashing intensity of 10 L/m2·s,at last,water rinsing for 9 minutes with water rinsing intensity of 10 L/m2·s. To discuss the influence of backwashing process on treatment efficiency of BAF, the changes of headloss and contaminants concentration of BAF before and after backwashing was also investigated in this study. The experimental results revealed that under the optimal backwashing control strategy the water flux could be recovered soon after backwashing. Although the contaminants concentration in initial filtrated water increased slightly, the treatment efficiency of BAF reactors could be back to normal in 2 hours.
The Classification of Residential Defects (Case Study: Citra Garden Residence in Indonesia)
Authors: Nurlaelah Azis , Sudjadi Usman
Published: January 2014

The classification of residential defects (case study: Citra Garden Residence in Indonesia) was studied. This study aims to more satisfied customers. The study begins with the literature review to formulate the classification of house defects. Then classify the defect of house into two, namely the classification of house defects based on period of post hand over, and the classification of house defects based on category of the defects. Further studies followed by dividing the classification of house defects based on period of post-hand over into three parts, namely before hand over period (inviting time), hand over period, and post-hand over period. The next step is to check the complaint report from the customer service in Citra Garden Residence in Indonesia to quantificate the defects of the house. The classification of house defects based on category of the defects divided into two, namely structural defect (minor, moderate, serious), and nonstructural defect (minor, moderate, serious). The next step is also to check the complaint report from the customer service in Citra Garden Residence in Indonesia to quantificate the defects of the house.The results show that complaint hand over in the level minor defect is the highest complaint. Complaint in the serious defect is the lowest complaint.
Study on the β1→α+β2 Transformation Kinetics of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy by DSC
Authors: Zhang Rong Hua , Wu Biao , Zheng Xiao Ping
Published: January 2014

The temperature and duration of β1→α+β2 transformation of Ti-6Al-4V alloy in cooling process were measured by differential scanning calorimetry, and transformation activation energy and Avrami exponent of β1→α+β2 were also calculated. The results show that the cooling rate is in the range of 在5～20°C/min, the transformation temperature and the transformation duration β1→α+β2 transformation of Ti-6Al-4V alloy decreased with the increasing cooling rate, its transformation activation energy decreased with the increasing phase transformation volume fraction, and Avrami exponent was between 1 and 2 at 660°C.
The Underwater Project Management in 'Dong Fang' Offshore Oil Engineering
Authors: Fang Jian , Yu Qing Hua , Xu Lu
Published: January 2014

CNOOC laid offshore oil and natural gas pipelines for offshore drilling platforms. The engineering included laying the pipelines from offshore drilling platform to landing zone, laying the pipelines between two platforms, and installing vertical pipes for platforms. Aiming at the characteristics in the diving project management, this paper analyzes and evaluates the difficulties and risks of underwater work, puts forward the corresponding safety managements. These measures ensure the underwater operations safely and smoothly. The engineering lasts 195 days, uses 160 diving equipments, and dives 282 person-times. The total diving time is 17900 minutes, and the maximum diving depth is 70 meters.
Identification Method for Shallow Gas Layers in Cased Well
Authors: Tang Xiao Min , Deng Xin , Fu Jian , Hou Lin
Published: January 2014

In this paper, based on log response in gas formation, effective identification curves for shallow gas reservoirs are preferred from casedhole compensated neutron log, neutron lifetime log and openhole logs, and 4 parameters and 5 overlap curves are developed for identification of shallow gas reservoirs in cased wells. A gas reservoir in cased wells is interpreted with proposed identification methods. The gas production testing results shows that the proposed methods can determine shallow gas reservoirs in cased wells accurately.
Mechanical Characteristics of Inorganic Binder Stabilized Iron Tailings
Authors: Li Hong Bin , Zhao Fei , Ning Bao Kuan
Published: January 2014

As the largest solid waste in China, iron tailings have brought a huge impact and potential safety hazard to resources, environment and land. In this paper, using the stress-strain controlled soil mechanics tri-axial apparatus, the author researched the mechanics performance of the cement stabilized iron tailings in the laboratory. The result shows: Along with the increase of the cement dosage, stabilized material strength has improved significantly; Under the confining pressure from 300kPa to 500kPa, the increase of confining pressure is proportional to the strength of stabilized material. Moreover, lower cement content (3%-5%) of stabilized material, its stress-strain curve is similar to those of clayey soil, it has clear plastic yield characteristics; on the contrary, higher dosage of cement stabilized material (7%-9%), the plastic reduced and strength increased. Keywords: cement stabilized iron tailings; cement dosage; stress-strain curve; strength; confining pressure
Fault System Study in South Beir Sag
Authors: Huo Yan , Zhang Zheng He
Published: January 2014

The Tamt basin is a Mesozoic-Cenozoic rift basin. Strongly influenced by the late tectonism, the basin structure and evolution has a very complex process. Based on Interpretation of 3D seismic data, the faults are divided into four categories in the system, that is, extensional normal faults, shear or torsional tensional normal faults, shear compression thrust faults and reversible faults. Major faults in the evolutionary sequence are divided into early development, late development, and long-term development, with good correlation between the formation and evolution of the basin. On the surface, the fault strike shift from NNE and NE to SN-trending and NNW. For the sector, fault system can be divided into the lower stretch fault system and the upper strike-slip fault system by the T22 seismic reflection layer. The structure style in South Beir Sag can be summed up as rift style, transtension style, transpression reverse style into three categories, and the different structural styles play an important role in the distribution of oil and gas. The results have positive guidance to oil and gas exploration in South Beir sag.
Preparation and Photoluminescent Properties of Ce3+, Yb3+ Co-Doped YF3 Nanophosphors for Solar Cells
Authors: Li Su Wen , Yue Ming
Published: January 2014

An efficient near-infrared (NIR) quantum cutting (QC) nanophospors with Ce3+, Yb3+ co-doped in YF3 had been prepared by hydrothermal method and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), photoluminescence spectra and decay dynamics. The obtained nanorods were uniform and monodisperse. Under the excitation of 5d level of Ce3+, an intense NIR emission at 900 1100 nm was observed which match to the energy of Si band gap of Si - based solar cells. In the Ce3+, Yb3+ codoped YF3, the lifetime of Ce3+ decreases and the quantum efficiency (QE) increases with increasing Yb3+ concentration.
The Countermeasures Research on the Livable Environment Construction of Shenyang Tiexi Old Industrial Relocation Zone
Authors: Cheng Wei , Wang Yi Kun , Qiu Li Juan
Published: January 2014

The article analyses the livable environment construction of Shenyang Tiexi old industrial relocation zone. By investigating the conditions of the livable environment construction it sums up the experiences and problems in the process of the construction of the livable environment of Shenyang Tiexi District, and then it puts forward the development strategy of the livable environment construction, which aims at realizing the target of the livable environment construction of the old industrial relocation zone.
Expression of a Recombinant Endo-β-1,4-Xylanase in Pichia pastoris and its Application in Degradation of Corn Stalk
Authors: Li Qi , Xi Li Ya , Feng Yi Yang , Zhao Lin Guo , Li Fei
Published: January 2014

The optimization of xylanase expression by recombinantPichia pastoriswere carried out in this study. Several factors were evaluated and the conclusion were as follow: the optimal conditions were in shake flask cultivation with the rotate speed 180 r/min using BMGY medium with initial pH 7.0, initial OD6001.0, 0.1% histidine, 0.05% tween80. 1.0% methanol was added into the culture every 24 h. The xylanase activity was up to 1527 U/mL at the optimal conditions after 15 days. The optimum pH and temperature were pH5.0 and 50°C. The recombinant xylanase was stable over a pH range of 2.0-8.0. The optimal conditions of degradation were as below: after 20 h, with the pH 5.0 and temperature 45°C, 2.0% of substrate concentration, 100 U/mL of enzyme dosage and 0.05% of tween80 concentration,the degradation of xylan was the best, which indicating great potential in the bioconversion of lignocellulosic waste to xylooligosaccharide.
Biological Characteristics for Mycelial Growth of Agaricus bisporus
Authors: Ma Yan , Guan Chu Yu , Meng Xian Jun
Published: January 2014

The biological characteristics of Agaricus bisporus mycelia were reported in this study. Biological characteristics of mycelium growth, including carbon source, nitrogen source, carbon-nitrogen ratio, temperature, pH and growth regulators, were investigated. The results indicated that the optimum carbon and nitrogen sources for mycelial growth were glucose and yeast extract fermentation, respectively. The optimum carbon-nitrogen ratio of culture was 20:1～30:1; the optimum temperature was 22～24°C and the optimum pH was 7.0～7.5. Analysis of growth regulators revealed that VC and VB1 were essential in promoting the mycelial growth of white button mushrooms.
Assessment Indexes System of Marine Ecosystem Damage Caused by Oil Spill
Authors: Liu Wei Feng , Zhang Shu Xia , Yu Jing , Zang Jia Ye
Published: January 2014

Index and methods for assessment is a foundation of precise qualitative and quantitative analysis for ecosystem damage caused by oil spill in ocean. The connotation of ecosystem damage assessment of oil spill in ocean is put forward based on marine ecosystem service value theory and damage mechanism and feature of oil spill. Using frequency analysis and expert advice method, assessment index system is set up, which contain seven indexes of fishery resources supply, gas regulation, waste disposal, disaster defense, entertainment, biodiversity conservation and ecological restoration.
Antibacterial and Wash Durability Properties of Untreated and Treated Cotton Fabric Using MgO and NiO Nanoparticles
Authors: Suresh J. , Yuvakkumar R. , Nathanael A. Joseph , Sundrarajan M. , Hong Sun Ig
Published: January 2014

We report an antibacterial and wash durability behaviour of MgO and NiO nanoparticles treated cotton fabric using sodium alginate as cross linker. The metal oxide nanoparticles treated cotton fabric using sodium alginate as a crosslinker was characterized employing SEM-EDX and their antibacterial activity was analyzed. The enhanced zone of inhibition and wash durability behaviour was observed for NiO nanoparticles treated fabric. However, MgO nanoparticles showed less significant antibacterial and wash durabilty activities when compared to NiO nanoparticles treated cotton fabrics.
Interface Bonding and its Effect on the Mechanical Properties in Roll-Bonded Cu/Al/Cu Hybrid Alloy
Authors: Lee In Ho , Lee Kap Ho , Kim Hwan Tae , Hong Sun Ig
Published: January 2014

Cu-Cr/Al-Fe-Cr/Cu-Cr clad-composite was processed by cold roll-bonding and the effect of interface bonding on the mechanical properties was examined. The clad plates were peeled-off and their separated fracture surface was analyzed. The interface of as-roll-bonded Cu-Cr/Al-Fe-Cr/Cu-Cr hybrid composite was observed to be intact and the interface intermetallics were visible in Cu-Cr/Al-Fe-Cr/Cu-Cr heat-treated at 450°C. The effective area fraction of region with strong mechanical metallic bonding for the as-roll-bonded Cu-Cr/Al-Fe-Cr/Cu-Cr hybrid composite was observed to be lower than that observed in Cu/Al/Cu. The less effective bonding in Cu-Cr/Al-Fe-Cr/Cu-Cr in roll-bonding is thought to be due to the higher strengths of Cu-Cr and Al-Fe-Cr than Cu and Al of commercial purity. The decrease of strength of Cu-Cr/Al-Fe-Cr/Cu-Cr hybrid composite after heat treatment is associated with the softening of Al-Fe-Cr matrix at 450°C, which is far greater than precipitation strengthening of Cu-Cr at 450°C.
Analysis of Relationship between Sensory Quality and Physiochemical Indexes of Natural Fermented Soybean Paste
Authors: Tian Tian , Wu Jun Rui , Yue Xi Qing
Published: January 2014

The principal component analysis (PCA) of natural fermented soybean pastes which were collected in Liaoning province was detected. Further, the relationship between the sensory quality and physiochemical indexes was analyzed to establish the sensory evaluation system for natural fermented bean paste. Results showed that sensory quality was related to the physiochemical indexes of soybean pastes. Physiochemical indicators can be used to indirectly evaluate its sensory quality.
The Effect of Electro-Deposition Current Density to Silicon Steel’s Surface Topography and Microstructure
Authors: Li Hui , Li Yun Gang
Published: January 2014

This experiment shows the effect of Electro-deposition current density to silicon steels surface topography and microstructure, which is useful to determine the best process of electro-plating current density.
Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on Compressive Properties of Aluminum Bronze
Authors: Zhang Rong Hua , Wu Biao , Zheng Xiao Ping
Published: January 2014

The microstructure, compressive fracture morphology and compressive strength of aluminum bronze before and after cryogenic treatment were observed and measured by OM, SEM and electron universal testing machine, and the effect of cryogenic treatment on compressive properties of aluminum bronze were investigated. The results show that cryogenic treatment can reduce the compressive strength of aluminum bronze, and after cryogenic treatment and at 600°C for 5min, its compressive strength is increased. And the microstructure of aluminum bronze has a good correspondence with its compressive strength.
Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Analysis of Copper Tailings Solidifying with Different Cementitious Materials
Authors: Huang Xu Quan , Hou Hao Bo , Zhou Min , Wang Wei Xin
Published: January 2014

With new type steel slag-blast furnace slag-fluorgypsum-based cemented material, P O42.5 cement, commonly used cementation agent in China, mechanical properties and microstructure of tailings solidification bodies are studied. The hydration products and morphology tailings concretion body in 60 days are analyzed by SEM and XRD test, which reveals the tailings cementation mechanism solidifying with different cementitious material. Furthermore, a large number of slender bar-like ettringite crystals and filamentous network-like calcium-silicate-hydrate gels bond firmly each other, which is the most important reason why steel slag-blast furnace slag-fluorgypsum base cemented material has the best tailings cementation mechanical properties.
Municipal Solid Waste Management Practice in China - A Case Study in Hangzhou
Authors: Ma Jing Ying , Zhan Jian Yi , Zhang Yue Jun
Published: January 2014

The management of municipal solid waste (MSW) in China is facing urgent problems with rapid industrialization and urbanization. This article focused on the status of Hangzhou, capital city of Zhejiang province, China. The regulations, policies, implementation, barriers and solutions about source separation, separate collection, clean & direct transportation, treatment and disposal were introduced. Source separation, separate collection and clean & direct transportation were seriously carried out from 2010. MSW was classified into four kinds, such as kitchen waste, hazardous waste, recyclable waste and other waste. Four kinds of wastes were collected, transported, treated and disposed, respectively. At the same time, a questionnaire survey was conducted in 2011 on 200 households in Xiasha and Gongshu Districts in Hangzhou. The results indicate that many citizens cannot effectively and correctly separated different kinds of solid wastes. Kitchen waste was directly disposed in landfill, because there is no composting plant in Hangzhou City. The collection of recoverable waste and hazardous waste was not in control of municipal solid waste management (MSWM) system. In order to optimize MSWM system in Hangzhou, the government and the citizen must make efforts in source separation, comprehensive treatment system, effective regulations and policies.
Experimental Study on Comprehensive Recovery of Valuable Minerals from Flotation Tailings in Copper-Molybdenum Mine
Authors: Tan Xin , Wu Wei Guo , Wang Zhong Ming , Tan Xin , Liu Hai Ying
Published: January 2014

In this paper, the mineral processing experimental study on the flotation tailings which are stored in the tailings pond of a copper-molybdenum mine is conducted, with a large content of slimes and kaolinite in the tailings and the fine particle sizes and poor locked particles of most of valuable minerals disseminated in the gangue minerals taken into consideration. Based on the mineralogical characteristics of the ore, a combined process is adopted in order to recover copper, molybdenum, sulfur and iron minerals from the ore, this process contains a series of steps in a particular sequence, which are pre-desliming of the ore, bulk flotation of copper and molybdenum of the coarse fraction, separation of Cu-Mo, separating sulfur from bulk flotation tailings and low-intensity magnetic separation of iron from sulfur flotation tailings. The results of the closed circuit test show that it can be obtained copper concentrate with a Cu grade of 20.61% and a recovery rate of 28.52%, molybdenum concentrate with a Mo grade of 36.00% (containing 20% C) and a recovery rate of 43.35%, sulfur concentrate with a S grade of 35.66% and a recovery rate of 42.58%, and iron concentrate with a Fe grade of 68.40% and a recovery rate of 6.85% (75% of phase recovery of magnetite).
Experimental Study on Production of Activated Carbons from Furfural Residues
Authors: Yin Yu Lei , Li Ai Min , Zhang Zhi Kun
Published: January 2014

The activated carbons (ACs) were prepared by furfural residues with the activation of water vapor. The optimum condition of preparation was investigated by orthogonal experiment. The influences of carbonization temperature and time, activation temperature and time, quantity of steam on the adsorption behavior of the ACs were investigated. The experimental response varied between: 24.7-38.7% for the total yield, 29-162mg/g for the adsorption of methylene blue (AMB), 495.2-904.7 mg/g for the adsorption of iodine (AI), 113.9-524m2/g for the surface areas calculates by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (SBET). The optimal activated carbon is obtained when using 600°C as carbonization temperature, 900°C as activation temperature and 25min as carbonization and activation time. The results indicated that under optimum conditions the methylene blue of AC was 163mg/g, the iodine of AC was 904.7mg/g, the surface areas (SBET) of AC was 524m2/g, and the Yield of AC was 30.6%.
One-Stop Pattern in Harmless Treatment and Disposal of Industrial Solid Waste
Authors: Chen Jeffrey Min Hsin , Wei Di
Published: January 2014

It is suggested that industrial solid waste has a wide variety of types. It has complex composition and huge amount, which is proved to be one of the main sources of environment contamination. The damage degree to the environment of industrial solid waste is as dangerous as water pollution and atmospheric pollution. Based on the severe circumstance of industrial solid waste in a worldwide range, this article aimed to describes the definition, classification and the status of disposal, comprehensive utilization and discharge of industrial solid waste in China. And from the view of engineering, puts forward some countermeasures for industrial solid waste disposal - one-stop harmless disposal technology.
Study on Flotation Technique to Recycle Copper from Tailings
Authors: Chen Dong , Yu Yue , Liu Li Min , Han Zhi Bin
Published: January 2014

A copper dressing plant in Jiangxi province of China deals with raw ore in the capacity of 185,000 t/a, and its copper recovery is 86.5% while 13.5% copper still remained in tailings, and a considerable amount of copper is lost in coarse particles tailings. Coarse particles with large size and big mass are very easily detached from bubbles in flotation process, so it is difficult for the plant to use original flotation process and equipments to deal with copper ore. To recycle copper from tailings produced by original flotation circuit, laboratorial experiments were carried out, and then recycle system for that tailing was established and two steps beneficiation process was determined. The first step beneficiation only include one rougher bank, and two sets of CGF-40 flotation cells specially designed by BGRIMM(Beijing General Research of Mining and Metallurgy) for coarse mineral particles were used. The second step beneficiation consisted of one rougher bank, one scavenger bank and two cleaner banks, which is designed to further process froth product from step one. Based on that recycle system, the effect of the reagent and the operation parameters on flotation results was also investigated. The industrial test result shows that the copper recovery of entire recycle system is above 20% while the copper grade of 0.3% (equivalent to copper grade of raw ore). It is estimated that 3,000 tons of copper would be recycled per year using this flotation technique.
Environmental Impacts of Lead Ore Mining and Smelting
Authors: Singh Narendra , Li Jin Hui
Published: January 2014

Present day lead pollution is an environmental hazard of global proportions. A correct determination of natural lead levels is very important in order to evaluate anthropogenic lead contributions. In this paper, the impact of mining and smelting of lead metal ores on environmental quality is described. Globally mines produce large amounts of waste because the ore is only a small fraction of the total volume of the mined material. In the metal industry, production of lead, causes the greatest degradation of the environment. Lead smelters release large quantities of Cd and Pb into the environment as well as smelting and refining produce gaseous (CO2, SO2, NOx, etc.) and particulate matter emissions, sewage waters, and solid wastes; however, these pollutants take a lead to effects human health. A quantitative evaluation of the environmental health effects of lead mining and smelting is difficult because of the complexity of factors involved and lack of consistent methodology. Nevertheless, the investigation indicates that negative health effects could arise from lead mining and smelting.
Environmentally Benign Solution for Recycling Electronic Waste Using the Principles of Green Chemistry
Authors: Jiang Ping , Song Yu Xin , Chen Bi Qin , Harney Megan , Korzenski Michael B.
Published: January 2014

In electronic waste recycling industry, printed wire boards (PWBs)/integrated chips (ICs) recycling is one of the most challenge tasks due to the fact that PWBs/ICs are diverse and complex in terms of materials and components makeup,as well as the original equipment manufacturing processes. In this paper, we will present environmental benign solution to recover valuable metals from PWB and integrated circuit chips (ICs) dissembled from waste PWB, based on green chemistry methodologies. We will demonstrate that the process/chemistry can selectively separate and recover precious metals from base metals. The 95%-99% recovery rate of precious metals can be achieved from the recycling of PWB and integrated circuit chips.
E-Waste Management in Japan: A Focus on Appliance Recycling
Authors: Yoshida Fumikazu , Yoshida Haruyo
Published: January 2014

As 10 years have passed since the Japanese home electrical appliance recycling system came into operation, the results of the system have become clearer, and it is therefore time for us to analyze and evaluate its performance in terms of both the environment and the economy. The system covers 4 specified house appliances, and although roughly 2/3 of these discarded appliances are collected and recycled formally by the manufactures, the greater part of the remaining 1/3 is exported as used items or scrap. Consequently, the government has issued guidelines for the reuse and recycling as countermeasures against illegal dumping and to regulate the export of e-scrap.
Positive and Negative Impacts of Carbon Taxes in China: A Cost-Benefit Perspective
Authors: Zhang Li Li
Published: January 2014

Nowadays, China was suffering great pressure from international society to reduce its CO2emissions. One potential option is to introduce a carbon tax into Chinas tax system, which may promote enterprises to reduce their CO2emissions but also undermine Chinas economy and result in living cost increasing. Through analyzing and comparing the positive and negative impacts of the carbon tax policy, this paper seeks to figure out whether a carbon tax is worthy to be adopted. It then turns to discuss what types of carbon tax are more suitable for Chinas economy promotion and environment protection from a cost-benefit perspective.
Effects of Co-Substrates and Mixing Ratio on the Anaerobic Digestion of Navel Orange Waste
Authors: Qiu Jin Rong , Fu Yun Long , Liu Qing Yun , Li Shun Yi , Peng Hai Jun , Pang Zhi Hua , Xu Zhen Cheng
Published: January 2014

The Gannan region is the largest navel orange planting area in the world and has the largest production in China. However, about 5 million tons of navel orange waste (NOW) produced annually. NOW has a great environmental risk because of its high content of organic matter and moisture. Anaerobic digestion of NOW with high nitrogen content waste is a promising alternative to treat these wastes. The effect of swine manure (SM), waste active sludge (WAS) as co-substrates and different mixing ratio were examined in three batch-scale studies. In the first investigation, co-digestion of NOW with SM resulted low methane yield and high concentration of VFAs. In the second investigation, NOW was co-digested with WAS, the methane yield was improved by 260% when the mixing ratio of NOW to WAS (VS/VS) was shifted from 1:2 to 2:1. In the third investigation, the co-digestion of NOW with SM and WAS was conducted. Co-digestion of three substrates has higher methane yield than that of previous two studies, with the exception of equal amounts of NOW with co-substrates (mixing ratio of NOW to SM to WAS was 2:1:1). The highest methane yield of all experiments was 0.20 m3 kg-1VS added while the mixing ratio of NOW to SM to WAS was 1:2:1. It seemed to obtain stable digestion performance, the mixing ratio of co-substates to NOW should not be lower than 1:1. WAS was a better co-substrate than SM, as WAS was capable to supply more organic nitrogen to create positive synergistic effects.
Chemical and Mineralogical Characterizations of Cobalt Precursor Recovered from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries with Incineration Process
Authors: Zhang Tao , He Ya Qun , Ge Lin Han , Li Hong , Wu Shan
Published: January 2014

The chemical and mineralogical characterizations of cobalt precursor recovered from spent lithium-ion batteries with incineration process was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It indicates that Co exists in the form of LiCoO2. However, after thermal treatment, complex products including LiCoO2, Co3O4, and Co2AlO4 etc. generated, in which Co3O4 has strong signal. The XPS spectra shows that Li(1-x)CoO2 and LiCoO2 are the main chemical state of Co in the original sample, but after thermal treatment, the chemical state changes to Co3O4. Besides, there are undecomposed Li(1-x)CoO2, CoF3 and Co. Analyses indicate that Co is enriched after thermal treatment and chemical state of some Co have been certified.
A Holistic Model of Leakage Risk Assessment in a Hazardous Waste Landfill
Authors: Xu Ya , Dong Lu , Nai Chang Xin , Liu Yu Qiang , Liu Jing Cai
Published: January 2014

Risk-based method has been increasingly frequently used by regulators and managers in modern landfill to scientifically manage solid waste and reduce its environmental hazards. As far as hazardous waste landfill is concerned, the main risk can be identified as the leakage of leachate. To quantify the uncertainties and its influences on risk assessment of leachate leakage, EPACMTP model with the involvement of Monte Carlo method is used to propagate the randomness of input parameters; Fault tree analysis method is employed to compute the uncertainties of liner damage; and the last, health risk assessment model was also integrated into to form a holistic model of leakage risk assessment.. A hazards waste landfill located in the southwest China is taken as a case study. The assessment result indicates that 1) the main exposure pathway is oral intake;2) The total non-carcinogenic risks for adult and for child are, accordingly, equal to 0.68 and 0.75, which under most circumstance is acceptable.
Management Countermeasures of Spent Fluorescent Lamps (SFLs) in Lanzhou
Authors: Li Zhong Guo
Published: January 2014

Lanzhou is one of the largest and most important cities in the west part of China. Similar to other megacities in China, Lanzhou produces a lot of SFLs (Spent Fluorescent Lamps) each year too. SFLs in Lanzhou come from four sources: Industrial, commercial, municipal and residential. Consumers of fluorescent lamps have different concepts on how to manage SFLs well. These concepts are established based on their own social cultural norms, moral values and environmental awareness. Most of them are both ineffective and unscientific; SFLs are discarded regularly into trash and buried in landfills. So how to manage SFLs efficiently and effectively becomes a great challenge. So far, no professional companies can collect, dispose, and manage with SFLs well in Lanzhou area. It is necessary and urgent to establish management funds for collecting and disposing SFLs. This article has built a recycling management mode of SFLs, and has done some explanations on how to implement the model.
Healthcare Waste Management Policy Assessment in China
Authors: Zhang Xin Hua , Ogunseitan Oladele A. , Xu Ming Jiang , Chen Meng Jun
Published: January 2014

Healthcare waste management represents a challenge in China due to insufficient legislation and financial investment, lack of awareness and effective regulations, lack of trained clinical staffs in the waste management framework etc. This study considered the issues of existing healthcare waste management practice and put forward the policy suggestions.
Influence Factors in Clogging of Landfill Leachate Collection System
Authors: Bian Xiao Lin , Liu Jian Guo
Published: January 2014

A common failure mode for landfills is clogging of the leachate collection system. Based on the studies of clogging about landfill leachate collection system, the influence factors about clog were comprehensively and systematically analyzed .The results show that calcium is the dominant mineral of the dry mass of clog material, and CaCO3 is the main component of the clog. The growth of biomass, minerals precipitation and deposition of suspend inorganic particles are the three major mechanisms for the clogging of LCSs. However, the clogging rate and extend of LCSs is affected by particle size of the granular media, pipe spacing and pipe diameter, filter-separator layer, mass loading, saturated or unsaturated conditions and temperature. These conclusions have profound guiding significance for the design and operation of landfill leachate collection system.