bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Telemedicine in a Rural Memory Disorder Clinic—Remote Management of Patients with Dementia
Authors: Azad Nahid , Amos Stephanie , Milne Kelly , Power Barbara
Published: December 2012

BackgroundThere are many reasons to develop telemedicine clinics for assessment and management of dementia. Time constraints, location, and poor weather conditions can all impact on the ability of patients and providers to attend rural clinics. The utility of telemedicine in the diagnosis of dementia and subsequent follow-up appears promising in the literature, as it provides a viable means of assessing cognition in patients in remote areas with limited access to medical specialists.Methods & ResultsThis study explored the feasibility of introducing a telemedicine memory disorder follow-up clinic in a rural community. The evaluation of 32 clinic sessions found high levels of satisfaction, with over 90% of physicians and patients indicating that they’d be willing to use video conferencing again. Physicians overwhelmingly felt the sessions provided enough information to assist in clinical decision-making (96%), and patients and CCAC Case Managers/Geriatric Assessors felt able to present the same information by video conferencing as in person (92% for both groups). The telemedicine clinic provided a number of favourable results such as: timely access to specialist care in the patient’s own community; fewer cancelled clinics; enhanced care transitions between the follow-up clinic and primary care with the support of a case manager/geriatric assessor; and enhanced follow-up for a complex patient population. In addition, the telemedicine initiative freed up spaces for “in-person” clinics. This allowed them to focus on new patient assessments.ConclusionsThe high satisfaction rates amongst all key stakeholders affirm that telemedicine is a viable option and worth continued efforts at shaping and developing, particularly in regions where local physician specialists are a scare resource.
Recommendations of the 4th Canadian Consensus Conference on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia (CCCDTD4)
Authors: Gauthier Serge , Patterson Christopher , Chertkow Howard , Gordon Michael , Herrmann Nathan , Rockwood Kenneth , Rosa-Neto Pedro , Soucy Jean-Paul
Published: December 2012

The 4th CCCDTD convened in May 2012 in Montreal with the primary aim of updating the previous diagnostic approach to AD, taking into account the revised diagnostic criteria proposed by the International Working Group (IWG) and the recommendations made by the National Institute on Aging—Alzheimer Association workgroups.
Special Issue on Cognitive Disorders
Authors: Madden Ken
Published: December 2012

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Discussion: Effect of Changing Water Quality on Galvanic Coupling
Authors: Edwards Marc A.
Published: December 2012

Discussion and partial explanation for substantive errors in the March 2012 peer‐reviewed Journal article (Effect of Changing Water Quality on Galvanic Coupling) written by Boyd et al. This article includes Boyd et al's response.
Don't Know Where to Begin With Cyber Security? You May Already Be on Your Way
Authors: Spence Shannon , Eifert Dave
Published: December 2012

Water and wastewater professionals have it tough: budgets seem to always be shrinking and regulations are continually being added. Add to this the increasing threat to industrial control systems from malware such as Stuxnet, Flame, Shamoon, and other intentional and accidental cyber hazards, and it is easy to understand why many utility managers feel too confused to even get started toward making their municipality more cyber secure.
Stress Response and Pathogenicity of the Necrotrophic Fungal PathogenAlternaria alternata
Authors: Chung Kuang-Ren
Published: December 2012

The production of host-selective toxins by the necrotrophic fungusAlternaria alternatais essential for the pathogenesis.A. alternatainfection in citrus leaves induces rapid lipid peroxidation, accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and cell death. The mechanisms by whichA. alternataavoids killing by reactive oxygen species (ROS) after invasion have begun to be elucidated. The ability to coordinate of signaling pathways is essential for the detoxification of cellular stresses induced by ROS and for pathogenicity inA. alternata. A low level of H2O2, produced by the NADPH oxidase (NOX) complex, modulates ROS resistance and triggers conidiation partially via regulating the redox-responsive regulators (YAP1 and SKN7) and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (HOG1) mediated pathways, which subsequently regulate the genes required for the biosynthesis of siderophore, an iron-chelating compound. Siderophore-mediated iron acquisition plays a key role in ROS detoxification because of the requirement of iron for the activities of antioxidants (e.g., catalase and SOD). Fungal strains impaired for the ROS-detoxifying system severely reduce the virulence on susceptible citrus cultivars. This paper summarizes the current state of knowledge of signaling pathways associated with cellular responses to multidrugs, oxidative and osmotic stress, and fungicides, as well as the pathogenicity/virulence in the tangerine pathotype ofA. alternata.
Antropologia, saúde e envelhecimento
Authors: Coimbra Jr. Carlos E. A.
Published: December 2012

Coletânea de artigos que se propõe a desvendar os rótulos impostos pela sociedade à 'terceira idade'. Dessa forma, poderemos acompanhar as transformações ocorridas nessa faixa etária, como o crescimento demográfico, e refletir sobre o idoso do futuro. Analisa-se, na obra, o envelhecimento sob o ponto de vista dos próprios idosos e idosas, revelando o que significa ser saudável para eles e elas. Constrói um idoso que protagoniza sua própria história, em vez de se corroborar a idéia estereotipada do velho como um fardo para a família e para a sociedade.
Urgências e emergências em saúde: perspectivas de profissionais e usuários
Authors: Giglio-Jacquemot Armelle
Published: December 2012

A obra pretende desvendar o que seja uma urgência ou uma emergência em saúde a partir de duas perspectivas: a dos usuários e a dos profissionais da rede pública. A autora mostra um universo dinâmico e complexo a partir de um trabalho antropológico realizado na Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, em São Paulo. São decisões médicas, muitas vezes de suma importância para a manutenção da vida, muitas vezes questionáveis sob o ponto de vista ético. Cabe lembrar que o livro não só trabalha com a dicotomia médico/paciente, mostrando para o leitor outros atores envolvidos no trabalho na emergência e revelando que muitas vezes as ações médicas são antecedidas por pequenos passos e atitudes peculiares de significativa importância que não podem ser desconsiderados, como a de um motorista de ambulância ou o porteiro do hospital.
A general stability criterion for switched linear systems having stable and unstable subsystems
Authors: Martín Jesús San , O'Farrell Anthony G.
Published: December 2012

We report conditions on a switching signal that guarantee that solutions of a switched linear system converge asymptotically to zero. These conditions apply to continuous, discrete‐time and hybrid switched linear systems, those having both stable subsystems and mixtures of stable and unstable subsystems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Superparamagnetic Ag@Co‐Nanocomposites on Granulated Cation Exchange Polymeric Matrices with Enhanced Antibacterial Activity for the Environmentally Safe Purification of Water
Authors: Alonso Amanda , Muñoz‐Berbel Xavier , Vigués Núria , Rodríguez‐Rodríguez Rosalía , Macanás Jorge , Muñoz Maria , Mas Jordi , Muraviev Dmitri N.
Published: December 2012

Cation exchange polymeric matrices are widely used in water treatment protocols to reduce the mineral content of hard waters, even for human consumption. However, they are not antibacterial and flowing bacteria can be trapped in their structures and proliferate, thus acting as microbial contamination sources. Here, Ag@Co‐nanoparticles (Ag@Co‐NPs) with a low‐cost superparamagnetic Co0‐core and an antibacterial Ag‐shell are synthesized on granulated cation exchange polymeric matrices under soft reaction conditions. The presence of these NPs provides the final nanocomposite (NC) with additional functionalities (superparamagnetism and antibacterial activity) making it ideal for water purification applications. Ag@Co‐NPs are synthesized in situ on four cation exchange polymeric matrices containing either strong (sulfonic) or weak (carboxylic) acid functional groups homogeneously distributed (C‐type) or concentrated on an external shell (SST‐type) by the intermatrix synthesis (IMS) method. The NCs are characterized (metal content, NP size and distribution, metal oxidative state, and metal release) and evaluated for water purification applications.
Gis analysis of patch use and group cohesiveness of bearded sakis (chiropotes sagulatus) in the upper essequibo conservation concession, guyana
Authors: Shaffer Christopher A.
Published: December 2012

This study examines how northern bearded sakis (Chiropotes sagulatus) in Guyana adjust group cohesiveness according to the distribution and quality of food patches. I introduce a GIS based method for quantifying food patch quality and how it relates to bearded saki group spread and group size. While the concept of food patch is central to most models of primate socioecology, defining what constitutes a patch has been notoriously problematic in primate studies. In addition, researchers have struggled to quantify group spread and group cohesiveness. Advances in spatial analysis software in the last decade now allow primate researchers to better quantify these variables. Group spread in bearded sakis was not significantly greater in lower quality patches and sakis were not more spread out during feeding than during other activities. However, the study group was significantly less spread out during social behavior. Bearded saki group size was significantly correlated with both monthly fruit abundance and patch quality. In fact, mean daily patch quality explained ∼40% of the variation in foraging party size. These results suggest that bearded sakis may rely on a highly fluid social structure to mitigate the effects of intragroup feeding competition while living in large groups. Sakis do not adjust group spread on a patch‐by‐patch basis but rather fission into smaller foraging parties when resources become scarce seasonally and patch quality is low. This study shows that GIS is a powerful tool for modeling the relationship between group cohesiveness and resource quality and distribution. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New Directions in Industrial Chemical Research as Reflected inAngewandte Chemie
Authors: Kreimeyer Andreas
Published: December 2012

With its growing complexityand cross‐linking of its disciplines, the profile of chemical sciences has changed radically over the last few decades: whereas individual molecules were originally the focus, emphasis has now shifted to intelligent chemistry in the form of holistic systems. How academia and industry find sustainable answers depends not least on the quality of the scientific dialogue, as documented and championed byAngewandte Chemiefor 125 years.
Robust Exponential Stability and Stabilization of a Class of Nonlinear Stochastic Time‐Delay Systems
Authors: Li Yanjiang , Zhang Xian , Yuan Meng
Published: December 2012

This paper presents new exponential stability and delayed‐state‐feedback stabilization criteria for a class of nonlinear uncertain stochastic time‐delay systems. By choosing the delay fraction number as two, applying the Jensen inequality to every sub‐interval of the time delay interval and avoiding using any free weighting matrix, the method proposed can reduce the computational complexity and conservativeness of results. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, exponential stability and delayed‐state‐feedback stabilization conditions of nonlinear uncertain stochastic systems with the state delay are obtained. In the sequence, the delayed‐state‐feedback stabilization problem for a nonlinear uncertain stochastic time‐delay system is investigated and some sufficient conditions are given in the form of nonlinear inequalities. In order to solve the nonlinear problem, a cone complementarity linearization algorithm is offered. Mathematical and/or numerical comparisons between the proposed method and existing ones are demonstrated, which show the effectiveness and less conservativeness of the proposed method.
Dynamic Output Feedback Consensualization of Uncertain Swarm Systems with Time Delays
Authors: Xi Jianxiang , Shi Zongying , Liu Guangbin , Zhong Yisheng
Published: December 2012

Consensus analysis and design problems of high‐dimensional discrete‐time swarm systems in directed networks with time delays and uncertainties are dealt with by using output information. Two subspaces are introduced, namely a consensus subspace and a complement consensus subspace. By projecting the state of a swarm system onto the two subspaces, a necessary and sufficient condition for consensus is presented, and based on different influences of time delays and uncertainties, an explicit expression of the consensus function is given which is very important in applications of swarm systems. A method to determine gain matrices of consensus protocols is proposed. Numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate theoretical results.
Estimation of a monotone percentile residual life function under random censorship
Authors: Franco‐Pereira Alba M. , de Uña‐Álvarez Jacobo
Published: December 2012

In this paper, we introduce a new estimator of a percentile residual life function with censored data under a monotonicity constraint. Specifically, it is assumed that the percentile residual life is a decreasing function. This assumption is useful when estimating the percentile residual life of units, which degenerate with age. We establish a law of the iterated logarithm for the proposed estimator, and its ‐equivalence to the unrestricted estimator. The asymptotic normal distribution of the estimator and its strong approximation to a Gaussian process are also established. We investigate the finite sample performance of the monotone estimator in an extensive simulation study. Finally, data from a clinical trial in primary biliary cirrhosis of the liver are analyzed with the proposed methods. One of the conclusions of our work is that the restricted estimator may be much more efficient than the unrestricted one.
Determination of gymnemagenin in rat plasma using high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry: application to pharmacokinetics after oral administration of Gymnema sylvestre extract
Authors: Kamble Bhagyashree , Gupta Ankur , Patil Dada , Khatal Laxman , Janrao Shirish , Moothedath Ismail , Duraiswamy Basavan
Published: December 2012

A sensitive and rapid high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for the determination of gymnemagenin (GMG), a triterpene sapogenin from Gymnema sylvestre, in rat plasma using withaferin A as the internal standard (IS). Plasma samples were simply extracted using liquid–liquid extraction with tetra‐butyl methyl ether. Chromatographic separation was performed on Luna C18 column using gradient elution of water and methanol (with 0.1% formic acid and 0.3% ammonia) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. GMG and IS were eluted at 4.64 and 4.36 min, ionized in negative and positive mode, respectively, and quantitatively estimated using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Two MRM transitions were selected at m/z 505.70 → 455.5 and m/z 471.50 → 281.3 for GMG and IS, respectively. The assay was linear over the concentration range of 5.280–300.920 ng/mL. The mean plasma extraction recoveries for GMG and IS were found to be 80.92 ± 8.70 and 55.63 ± 0.76%, respectively. The method was successfully applied for the determination of pharmacokinetic parameters of GMG after oral administration of G. sylvestre extract. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Environmental Management Evolution: Empirical Evidence from Spain and Italy
Authors: Ormazabal M. , Sarriegi J.M.
Published: December 2012

This research is focused on a survey conducted among Spanish and Italian companies in order to define the environmental management evolution within firms. Through this survey, a number of maturity stages were defined and validated, and the identification of the relevant factors for each of the maturity stages was made. Survey results show that companies start with environmental management issues due to legislation requirements. Afterwards, firms go through a training phase, continuing with the systematization stage, then look for economic benefits through ecological improvements (ECO2 stage) and finish with the eco‐innovation and leading green company stages. The survey has shown that the maturity stages have application in all types of industrial sector. These are useful for those firms that want to make progress in environmental matters, as it helps them to identify at which maturity stage they are and what are the factors that they need to take into account to move forward. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Elicitation of galanthamine production by leucojum aestivum shoots grown in temporary immersion system
Authors: Schumann Anika , Torras‐Claveria Laura , Berkov Strahil , Claus Diana , Gerth André , Bastida Jaume , Codina Carles
Published: December 2012

The influence of different elicitors (copper sulfate, silver nitrate, salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate), on both the growth and alkaloid production of Leucojum aestivum shoots grown in a temporary immersion system was studied. Seven Amaryllidaceae alkaloids and three protoalkaloids were quantitatively determined by GC‐MS analysis in leaves and bulblets, separately. Methyl jasmonate was found to significantly improve the production of galanthamine (GAL) in both leaves and bulblets. The content of GAL released to the liquid nutrient medium was also measured. The release of GAL into the liquid medium took place mainly in the first 2 weeks determined by harvesting the liquid nutrient medium after 2 weeks and measuring the GAL content (1st subculturing step). © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 29: 311–318, 2013
With the back against the wall: TAVI in a patient with endocarditis
Authors: Albu Ciprian , Swaans Martin J. , ten Berg Jurien M.
Published: December 2012

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) is currently a well‐established therapeutic option in patients with severe aortic stenosis considered at prohibitive risk for open heart aortic valve replacement (Cribier et al., Circulation 2002;106:3006‐3008; Leon et al., Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006;18:165‐174). We report a case of a patient with endocarditis by severe homograft aortic stenosis for which a TAVI procedure was performed with an excellent result. The patient was undergoing a presurgery standard screening in preparation for a planned aortic valve replacement operation when he developed a Staphyloccocus aureus sepsis. Transoesophageal echocardiography demonstrated an aortic valve vegetation. A few days later, the patient developed a stroke probably due to embolization of a vegetation. Given the clinical severity of the case a standard open heart aortic valve replacement was considered too risky and the patient underwent a TAVI procedure. Postintervention the patient had a spectacular evolution with fast normalization of the septic shock parameters and clinical status. Antibiotics were continued for a total of nine weeks. By the ambulatory controls at three weeks, two months and six months postdischarge, the patient was completely asymptomatic and his echocardiography showed a normally functioning aortic valve without indications of endocarditis. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Outcomes of a modified approach to transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects
Authors: Landman Geri , Kipps Alaina , Moore Phillip , Teitel David , Meadows Jeffery
Published: December 2012

Objectives

To describe the immediate and midterm results of a modified method for transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects (pmVSDs).

Background

Transcatheter closure of pmVSDs has been associated with development of heart block due to impingement on the ventricular conduction system. Ventricular septal aneurysms (VSAs) are common; the VSA tissue can serve as a target for the device without necessitating direct contact with the conduction system.

Methods

Between 2004 and 2011, 15 patients underwent transcatheter closure of a pmVSD utilizing a device implanted into a VSA. Catheterization reports were examined in addition to pre‐closure, post‐closure, and current clinical, ECG, and echocardiographic data.

Results

The median age was 20 years (4–61 years), and the most common indication for closure was increasing LV dilation. Four different Amplatzer devices were utilized. Following device implantation there was a decrease in Qp:Qs (1.7–1.1) and in RV:LV pressure ratio (0.36–0.31). There were no deaths, no device embolizations, and no new heart block or PR interval prolongation. Three patients developed a new right bundle branch block (RBBB). The median follow‐up time was 1.5 years (4 months to 7.1 years). Two patients required further procedures for important residual shunting. Six continued to have a “trivial/small” residual leak, but only one had any degree (mild) of residual LV dilation. None of the complications were significantly associated with age or weight at the time of procedure, original size of the VSD, or size or type of the device used.

Conclusion

Transcatheter closure of pmVSD with placement of the device into the VSA is safe and effective, and may result in fewer instances of atrioventricular block and valve abnormalities than have been reported with alternative methods of pmVSD device closure. Persistent VSDs and new RBBBs remain an important issue. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structural Analysis of Cu10Zr7.
Authors: Figini Albisetti A. , Biffi C. A. , Tuissi A.
Published: December 2012

The title compound is synthesized by melting the elements in an inert atmosphere of 400 mbar Ar and its crystal structure is newly refined from powder XRD data by the Rietveld method.
ChemInform Abstract: Yellowish‐Orange Luminescence in Sr8Al12O24S2:Eu2+ Phosphor.
Authors: Dong Kai , Li Zhenlong , Xiao Siguo , Xiang Zhifeng , Zhang Xuean , Yang Xiaoliang , Jin Xiangliang
Published: December 2012

The title phosphor is synthesized by a two‐stage solid state reaction of SrCO3, Al2O3, SrSO4, Li2CO3, Eu2O3, and Er2O3 (calcination at 1200—1250 °C for 8 h followed by annealing at 900—1100 °C under reducing atmosphere).
ChemInform Abstract: Enhanced Catalyst Activity and Enantioselectivity with Chirality‐Switchable Polymer Ligand PQXphos in Pd‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Silaborative Cleavage of meso‐Methylenecyclopropanes.
Authors: Akai Yuto , Yamamoto Takeshi , Nagata Yuuya , Ohmura Toshimichi , Suginome Michinori
Published: December 2012

Due to long‐range steric effects, rate enhancements and higher enantioselectivities are observed in the palladium‐catalyzed desymmetrization of meso‐methylenecyclopropanes (I), when polymer‐based phosphine ligands are used instead of the corresponding monomeric palladium species.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Oxaziridine‐Mediated Oxidation of C—H Bonds.
Authors: Motiwala Hashim F. , Guelgeze Belgin , Aube Jeffrey
Published: December 2012

In the presence of copper catalysts oxaziridines such as (I), (V), (VIII), and (XV) are found to undergo regio‐ and chemoselective oxidation to afford allylic, propargylic, or benzylic alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Isopropenyl Acetate, a Remarkable, Cheap and Acylating Agent of Amines under Solvent‐ and Catalyst‐Free Conditions: A Systematic Investigation.
Authors: Pelagalli Romina , Chiarotto Isabella , Feroci Marta , Vecchio Stefano
Published: December 2012

The title reagent is an efficient nontoxic, biodegradable acetyl source affording the corresponding acetamides in very high yields without any purification.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Alkene Arylation with Diaryliodonium Salts.
Authors: Phipps Robert J. , McMurray Lindsay , Ritter Stefanie , Duong Hung A. , Gaunt Matthew J.
Published: December 2012

A new approach to the arylation of simple alkenes is developed, involving their reaction with aryliodonium triflates (II) in the presence of copper catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Ceric Ammonium Nitrate as the Novel Oxidizing Agent for the Facile Synthesis of (Dichloroiodo)arenes.
Authors: Tale Nilesh P. , Shelke Amol V. , Karade Nandkishor N.
Published: December 2012

CAN is shown to be an efficient oxidizing agent for the preparation of (dichloroiodo)arenes from the corresponding iodoarenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Ru‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of 3,5‐Diketo Amides: Simultaneous Control of Chemo‐ and Enantioselectivity.
Authors: Li Wanfang , Fan Weizheng , Ma Xin , Tao Xiaoming , Li Xiaoming , Xie Xiaomin , Zhang Zhaoguo
Published: December 2012

Highly chemo‐ and enantioselective reduction of 3,5‐diketo amides (I) and (III) is achieved using a chiral Ru‐SunPhos‐catalyst complex.
ChemInform Abstract: Sodium Benzoate as a Green, Efficient, and Recyclable Catalyst for Knoevenagel Condensation.
Authors: Liu Qing , Ai Hong‐Mei
Published: December 2012

Sodium benzoate is shown to be an efficient catalyst for the Knoevenagel condensation of aromatic aldehydes and active methylene compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Michael Addition of Malonates to Aromatic α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes Organocatalyzed by (S)‐2‐[Bis(3,4,5‐trifluorophenyl)trimethylsilanyloxymethyl]pyrrolidine.
Authors: Ye Haiwei , Zheng Yemin , Yu Chuanming , Zhong Weihui
Published: December 2012

The reaction can also be conducted by using diethyl malonate leading to similar results.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Cross‐Coupling of Phenols Using Nonafluorobutanesulfonyl Fluoride.
Authors: Ikawa Takashi , Saito Kozumo , Akai Shuji
Published: December 2012

Optimized conditions are developed for C—C couplings starting from phenols.
ChemInform Abstract: Ni(cod)2/PCy3‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Dihaloarenes with Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Dong Cheng‐Guo , Hu Qiao‐Sheng
Published: December 2012

Optimized conditions are applied to a broad spectrum of dihalogen substrates to form the desired polyarylated products as main or exclusive components.
ChemInform Abstract: Antimycobacterial Activity: A Facile Three‐Component [3 + 2]‐Cycloaddition for the Regioselective Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Dispiropyrrolidines.
Authors: Wei Ang Chee , Ali Mohamed Ashraf , Yoon Yeong Keng , Ismail Rusli , Choon Tan Soo , Kumar Raju Suresh , Arumugam Natarajan , Almansour Abdulrahman I. , Osman Hasnah
Published: December 2012

The reaction proceeds via [3+2]‐cycloaddition of azomethine ylides generated in situ from the decarboxylative condensation of ninhydrin and sarcosine with the appropriate dipolarophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Enantiomerically Pure Spirooxindolopyrrolizidines via a Three‐Component Asymmetric 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction of Azomethine Ylides Derived from Isatin.
Authors: Taghizadeh Mohammad Javad , Arvinnezhad Hamid , Samadi Saadi , Jadidi Khosrow , Javidan Abdollah , Notash Behrouz
Published: December 2012

Non‐stabilized azomethine ylides, generated is situ from isatin derivatives (I) and (S)‐proline readily react with chiral cinnamoyl oxazolidinones to give novel polycyclic spirooxindolopyrrolizidines.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Ultrasound‐Promoted One Pot Synthesis of Spiroacenaphthylene Pyrazolotriazole and Pyrazolophthalazine Derivatives.
Authors: Rezaei Seyed Jamal Tabatabaei , Bide Yasamin , Nabid Mohammad Reza
Published: December 2012

The three‐component condensation offers a convenient synthesis of various spirocyclic adducts containing a pyrazole unit.
ChemInform Abstract: A Complementary Approach to 3,5‐Substituted Pyrazoles with Tosylhydrazones and Terminal Alkynes Mediated by TfOH.
Authors: Liu Ping , Xu Qian‐Qian , Dong Chao , Lei Xinsheng , Lin Guo‐qiang
Published: December 2012

The optimized conditions shown are necessary for a successful result.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of New Benzopyranopyridines via Friedlaender Condensation.
Authors: Siddiqui Zeba N.
Published: December 2012

Condensation of chromone derivatives (I) with cyclic active methylene compounds is best accomplished in refluxing water.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Palladium‐Mediated or Base‐Induced 5‐endo‐dig Cyclization of C5‐Alkynylated Pyrimidine Derivatives: Conventional and Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Novel Furo[2,3‐d]pyrimidines.
Authors: Gazivoda Kraljevic Tatjana , Bistrovic Andrea , Dedic Matea , Kraljevic Pavelic Sandra , Sedic Mirela , Raic‐Malic Silvana
Published: December 2012

With exception of product (IIIa), yields are generally higher under conventional conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Approach to Functionalized 5,7,8,9‐Tetrahydropyrimido[4,5‐b][1,4]diazepin‐6‐ones Using Intramolecular Palladium‐Catalyzed Amidation.
Authors: Carr Greory R. , Feron James L. , Johnson Paul D. , Roberts Craig A. , Rudge David A. , Simpson Iain , Wrigley Gail L.
Published: December 2012

A novel Pd‐catalyzed intramolecular cyclization is developed to synthesize the title compounds (VI) from readily available 4‐bromopyrimidine derivatives (V).
ChemInform Abstract: A Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Reaction of 2‐(2‐Ethynylphenyl)oxirane, Sulfonyl Azide, with 2‐Isocyanoacetate
Authors: Li Shaoyu , Wu Jie
Published: December 2012

as a novel and straightforward route for the efficient construction of spirooxepine‐imidazoles (IV)
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Reactions of Secondary Phosphine Chalcogenides with Vinyloxyalkylamines: Synthesis of a Novel Family of Functional Phosphinochalcogenoic Amides.
Authors: Gusarova Nina K. , Volkov Pavel A. , Ivanova Nina I. , Oparina Ludmila A. , Kolyvanov Nikita A. , Vysotskaya Oksana V. , Larina Ludmila I. , Trofimov Boris A.
Published: December 2012

The utility of products (III) in further syntheses is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Cysteine as a Sustainable Sulfur Reagent for the Protecting‐Group‐Free Synthesis of Sulfur‐Containing Amino Acids: Biomimetic Synthesis of L‐Ergothioneine in Water.
Authors: Erdelmeier Irene , Daunay Sylvain , Lebel Remi , Farescour Laurence , Yadan Jean‐Claude
Published: December 2012

The preparation of L‐ergothioneine (IV) and 2‐thiohistidine compounds in a one‐pot, two‐step procedure in water involves the regioselective, bromine‐induced introduction of cysteine followed by thermal cleavage in the presence of a thiol.
ChemInform Abstract: A Modular Synthesis of Dithiocarbamate Pendant Unnatural α‐Amino Acids.
Authors: Saha Amit , Baig R. B. Nasir , Leazer John , Varma Rajender S.
Published: December 2012

Unnatural α‐amino acid derivatives (IV), (VII), (IX) and (XI) containing dithiocarbamate side chains are synthesized by a one‐pot reaction of in situ generated dithiocarbamate anions with sulfamidates, e.g. (III) and (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Deoxygenation/Dimerization of Sugar Derivatives with BF3·Et2O—Et3SiH: Synthesis of a β‐Isonucleoside (IV).
Authors: Mukherjee Subhrangshu , Roy Biswajit G. , Das Soumendra N. , Mandal Sukhendu B.
Published: December 2012

Treatment of sugar derivatives such as (I) and (V) according to A) results in formation of hitherto unknown dimeric products.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Hydrolysis of Phosphonate Diesters: An Efficient Protocol for the Preparation of Phosphonic Acids.
Authors: Jansa Petr , Baszczynski Ondrej , Prochazkova Eliska , Dracinsky Martin , Janeba Zlatko
Published: December 2012

A highly efficient methodology for the hydrolysis of organo‐phosphonates, especially acyclic nucleoside phosphonate diesters (15 examples) to the corresponding phosphonic acids using equimolar amounts of hydrochloric acid is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of HfO2 Nanoparticles by Sonochemical Approach.
Authors: Ramadoss Ananthakumar , Kim Sang Jae
Published: December 2012

HfO2 nanoparticles are synthesized by high intensity ultrasonic irradiation of an aqueous solution of HfCl4 and NaOH under ambient conditions for 1 h.
ChemInform Abstract: Techniques Coupling for Catalyst Characterization
Authors: Beale Andrew M. , O'Brien Matthew G. , Weckhuysen Bert M.
Published: December 2012

Review: 78 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Interaction of Hydrogen with Rare Earth and Palladium Nanoparticles: Basic Issues and Novel Devices
Authors: Khanuja Manika , Kala Shubhra , Sengar Saurabh K. , Mehta B. R.
Published: December 2012

Review: 32 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Composite Metal‐Oxide Nanocatalysts
Authors: Liu Shuhua , Bai Shi‐Qiang , Zheng Yuangang , Shah Kwok Wei , Han Ming‐Yong
Published: December 2012

Review: ≫ 120 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies of the Electronic Properties of N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands in the Context of Homogeneous Catalysis and Bioorganometallic Chemistry
Authors: Kumar Anuj , Ghosh Prasenjit
Published: December 2012

Review: ca. 200 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: C—C Bond Formation in Diiron Complexes
Authors: Mazzoni Rita , Salmi Mauro , Zanotti Valerio
Published: December 2012

Review: 125 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in New Multicomponent Synthesis of Structurally Diversified 1,4‐Dihydropyridines
Authors: Wan Jie‐Ping , Liu Yunyun
Published: December 2012

Review: 76 refs.
Cost optimization of virtual infrastructures in dynamic multi‐cloud scenarios
Authors: Lucas‐Simarro Jose Luis , Moreno‐Vozmediano Rafael , Montero Ruben S. , Llorente Ignacio M.
Published: December 2012

The number of providers in the cloud computing market is increasing at a rapid pace. They offer a wide range of pricing schemes, different types of instance, or even different value‐added features to differ from other competitors, making the cloud market more complex. Cloud brokering enable users to choose the best cloud provider for their needs and avoid particular providers' lock in. Moreover, the use of multiple clouds offers several benefits such as scalability of services, improvement in fault tolerance, or cost reduction. However, users still find difficult the decision of where to deploy their resources as they have to handle too much information. The use of cloud brokering mechanisms is useful to reduce the complexity of using a multi‐cloud environment. In this paper, we show a cloud broker architecture for deploying virtualized servers across available clouds. This architecture uses a scheduling module to obtain an optimal placement of a virtual infrastructure while making it transparent for users. We focus our investigation on dynamic cloud scenarios in terms of variable resource prices, taking into account the virtual machine migration overhead issue. We evaluate the performance of several use cases applied in real scenarios, and we show the improvement potential of using brokering mechanisms in dynamic deployments compared with static ones. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Control of Movement Following Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Kozlowski Dorothy A. , Leasure J. Leigh , Schallert Timothy
Published: December 2012

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in a variety of impairments in cognition, mood, sensation, and movement, depending upon the location and severity of injury. Although not as extensively studied as cognitive impairments, motor impairments are common, especially in moderately to severely injured patients. The recovery of these deficits is not usually complete; however, extensive effort is put into the rehabilitation of motor skills to enhance independence and quality of life. Understanding the motor recovery process and how it can be influenced by rehabilitation has been extensively studied in animal models of stroke and focal lesions, albeit to a lesser extent following animal models of TBI. Injury‐induced neural plasticity is intricately involved in motor recovery and influenced by behavioral compensation and rehabilitation following stroke and focal lesions. New studies in animal models of TBI indicate that neural plasticity and the processes of motor recovery and rehabilitation following brain injury may not mirror those processes shown to occur following stroke. Further examination of motor recovery, rehabilitation, and plasticity in animal models of TBI as well as in individuals with TBI will be necessary to fully understand the control of movement following brain injury. © 2013 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol3:121‐139, 2013.
Central Sleep Apnea
Authors: Javaheri S. , Dempsey J.A.
Published: December 2012

Neurophysiologically, central apnea is due to a temporary failure in the pontomedullary pacemaker generating breathing rhythm. As a polysomnographic finding, central apneas occur in many pathophysiological conditions. Depending on the cause or mechanism, central apneas may not be clinically significant, for example, those that occur normally at sleep onset. In contrast, central apneas occur in a number of disorders and result in pathophysiological consequences. Central apneas occur commonly in high‐altitude sojourn, disrupt sleep, and cause desaturation. Central sleep apnea also occurs in number of disorders across all age groups and both genders. Common causes of central sleep apnea in adults are congestive heart failure and chronic use of opioids to treat pain. Under such circumstances, diagnosis and treatment of central sleep apnea may improve quality of life, morbidity, and perhaps mortality. The mechanisms of central sleep apnea have been best studied in congestive heart failure and hypoxic conditions when there is increased CO2sensitivity below eupnea resulting in lowering eupneic PCO2below apneic threshold causing cessation of breathing until the PCO2rises above the apneic threshold when breathing resumes. In many other disorders, the mechanism of central sleep apnea (CSA) remains to be investigated. © 2013 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol3:141‐163, 2013.
How Animals Move: Comparative Lessons on Animal Locomotion
Authors: Schaeffer Paul J. , Lindstedt Stan L.
Published: December 2012

Comparative physiology often provides unique insights in animal structure and function. It is specifically through this lens that we discuss the fundamental properties of skeletal muscle and animal locomotion, incorporating variation in body size and evolved difference among species. For example, muscle frequenciesin vivoare highly constrained by body size, which apparently tunes muscle use to maximize recovery of elastic recoil potential energy. Secondary to this constraint, there is an expected linking of skeletal muscle structural and functional properties. Muscle is relatively simple structurally, but by changing proportions of the few muscle components, a diverse range of functional outputs is possible. Thus, there is a consistent and predictable relation between muscle function and myocyte composition that illuminates animal locomotion. When animals move, the mechanical properties of muscle diverge from the static textbook force‐velocity relations described by A. V. Hill, as recovery of elastic potential energy together with force and power enhancement with activation during stretch combine to modulate performance. These relations are best understood through the tool of work loops. Also, when animals move, locomotion is often conveniently categorized energetically. Burst locomotion is typified by high‐power outputs and short durations while sustained, cyclic, locomotion engages a smaller fraction of the muscle tissue, yielding lower force and power. However, closer examination reveals that rather than a dichotomy, energetics of locomotion is a continuum. There is a remarkably predictable relationship between duration of activity and peak sustainable performance. © 2013 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol3:289‐314, 2013.
Porphyrin and Heme Metabolism and the Porphyrias
Authors: Bonkovsky Herbert L. , Guo Jun‐Tao , Hou Weihong , Li Ting , Narang Tarun , Thapar Manish
Published: December 2012

Porphyrins and metalloporphyrins are the key pigments of life on earth as we know it, because they include chlorophyll (a magnesium‐containing metalloporphyrin) and heme (iron protoporphyrin). In eukaryotes, porphyrins and heme are synthesized by a multistep pathway that involves eight enzymes. The first and rate‐controlling step is the formation of delta‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA) from glycine plus succinyl CoA, catalyzed by ALA synthase. Intermediate steps occur in the cytoplasm, with formation of the monopyrrole porphobilinogen and the tetrapyrroles hydroxymethylbilane and a series of porphyrinogens, which are serially decarboxylated. Heme is utilized chiefly for the formation of hemoglobin in erythrocytes, myoglobin in muscle cells, cytochromes P‐450 and mitochondrial cytochromes, and other hemoproteins in hepatocytes. The rate‐controlling step of heme breakdown is catalyzed by heme oxygenase (HMOX), of which there are two isoforms, called HMOX1 and HMOX2. HMOX breaks down heme to form biliverdin, carbon monoxide, and iron. The porphyrias are a group of disorders, mainly inherited, in which there are defects in normal porphyrin and heme synthesis. The cardinal clinical features are cutaneous (due to the skin‐damaging effects of excess deposited porphyrins) or neurovisceral attacks of pain, sometimes with weakness, delirium, seizures, and the like (probably due mainly to neurotoxic effects of ALA). The treatment of choice for the acute hepatic porphyrias is intravenous heme therapy, which repletes a critical regulatory heme pool in hepatocytes and leads to downregulation of hepatic ALA synthase, which is a biochemical hallmark of all forms of acute porphyria in relapse. © 2013 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol3:365‐401, 2013.
Hepatocyte Polarity
Authors: Treyer Aleksandr , Müsch Anne
Published: December 2012

Hepatocytes, like other epithelia, are situated at the interface between the organism's exterior and the underlying internal milieu and organize the vectorial exchange of macromolecules between these two spaces. To mediate this function, epithelial cells, including hepatocytes, are polarized with distinct luminal domains that are separated by tight junctions from lateral domains engaged in cell‐cell adhesion and from basal domains that interact with the underlying extracellular matrix. Despite these universal principles, hepatocytes distinguish themselves from other nonstriated epithelia by their multipolar organization. Each hepatocyte participates in multiple, narrow lumina, the bile canaliculi, and has multiple basal surfaces that face the endothelial lining. Hepatocytes also differ in the mechanism of luminal protein trafficking from other epithelia studied. They lack polarized protein secretion to the luminal domain and target single‐spanning and glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored bile canalicular membrane proteins via transcytosis from the basolateral domain. We compare this unique hepatic polarity phenotype with that of the more common columnar epithelial organization and review our current knowledge of the signaling mechanisms and the organization of polarized protein trafficking that govern the establishment and maintenance of hepatic polarity. The serine/threonine kinase LKB1, which is activated by the bile acid taurocholate and, in turn, activates adenosine monophosphate kinase‐related kinases including AMPK1/2 and Par1 paralogues has emerged as a key determinant of hepatic polarity. We propose that the absence of a hepatocyte basal lamina and differences in cell‐cell adhesion signaling that determine the positioning of tight junctions are two crucial determinants for the distinct hepatic and columnar polarity phenotypes. © 2013 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol3:243‐287, 2013.
Renal Ammonia Metabolism and Transport
Authors: Weiner I. David , Verlander Jill W.
Published: December 2012

Renal ammonia metabolism and transport mediates a central role in acid‐base homeostasis. In contrast to most renal solutes, the majority of renal ammonia excretion derives from intrarenal production, not from glomerular filtration. Renal ammoniagenesis predominantly results from glutamine metabolism, which produces 2 NH4+and 2 HCO3−for each glutamine metabolized. The proximal tubule is the primary site for ammoniagenesis, but there is evidence for ammoniagenesis by most renal epithelial cells. Ammonia produced in the kidney is either excreted into the urine or returned to the systemic circulation through the renal veins. Ammonia excreted in the urine promotes acid excretion; ammonia returned to the systemic circulation is metabolized in the liver in a HCO3−‐consuming process, resulting in no net benefit to acid‐base homeostasis. Highly regulated ammonia transport by renal epithelial cells determines the proportion of ammonia excreted in the urine versus returned to the systemic circulation. The traditional paradigm of ammonia transport involving passive NH3diffusion, protonation in the lumen and NH4+trapping due to an inability to cross plasma membranes is being replaced by the recognition of limited plasma membrane NH3permeability in combination with the presence of specific NH3‐transporting and NH4+‐transporting proteins in specific renal epithelial cells. Ammonia production and transport are regulated by a variety of factors, including extracellular pH and K+, and by several hormones, such as mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids and angiotensin II. This coordinated process of regulated ammonia production and transport is critical for the effective maintenance of acid‐base homeostasis. © 2013 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol3:201‐220, 2013.
Physiology of Cholangiocytes
Authors: Tabibian James H. , Masyuk Anatoliy I. , Masyuk Tetyana V. , O'Hara Steven P. , LaRusso Nicholas F.
Published: December 2012

Cholangiocytes are epithelial cells that line the intra‐ and extrahepatic ducts of the biliary tree. The main physiologic function of cholangiocytes is modification of hepatocyte‐derived bile, an intricate process regulated by hormones, peptides, nucleotides, neurotransmitters, and other molecules through intracellular signaling pathways and cascades. The mechanisms and regulation of bile modification are reviewed herein. © 2013 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol3:541‐565, 2013.
Sustainable Development in Iran: An Exploratory Study of University Students' Attitudes and Knowledge about Sustainable Developmenta
Authors: Bahaee Mahmood , Perez‐Batres Luis A. , Pisani Michael J. , Miller Van V. , Saremi Mahmoud
Published: December 2012

In this paper, we explore the perceptions of Iranian undergraduate college students of the concept of sustainable development (SD). In so doing, we measure students' attitudes and knowledge on the various aspects of the SD paradigm. The results indicate that while most Iranian students surveyed have a positive perception of SD, their attitudes and knowledge about it is linked to certain demographic characteristics. For example, Iranian female college students are more knowledgeable about SD than their male Iranian counterparts. Implications of these findings are further explored. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Corporate Supply Chain Responsibility: Drivers and Barriers for Sustainable Food Retailing
Authors: Chkanikova Olga , Mont Oksana
Published: December 2012

The paper aims to provide a systematic overview of the drivers and barriers for food retailers to implement corporate supply chain responsibility. The research is based on a literature analysis and semi‐structured interviews with food retailers, with primary focus on Swedish conventional supermarket chains. The paper contributes to the existing body of research by providing the food retailers’ own perspective on the factors that trigger addressing sustainability concerns in their supply chain and by providing a taxonomy of drivers and barriers. As a result, a number of additional factors that influence the launch of responsible supply chain practices have been identified. Interestingly some of these factors are beyond the trivial driver‐barrier dichotomy. This paper is of interest to food retailers who aim to design sustainable supply chain strategies and justify associated investments, and for policymakers who aim to support retailers in their transition towards sustainable practices. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.