bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HIGHER ORDER THINGKING (HOT) PROBLEMS TO DEVELOP CRITICAL THINKING ABILITY AND STUDENT SELF EFFICACY IN LEARNING MATHEMATICS PRIMARY SCHOOLS
Authors: Syarifah Triana Jamilatus , Usodo Budi , Riyadi Riyadi
Published: October 2019

Kompetensi dalam kurikulum 2013 adalah mengembangkan kreativitas, rasa ingin tahu, kemampuan merumuskan pertanyaan untuk membentuk pikiran kritis yang perlu untuk hidup cerdas dan belajar sepanjang hayat sehingga, siswa perlu dibekali dengan kemampuan-kemampuan tertentu untuk mengembangkan dan mengevaluasi argumen dalam suatu pemecahan masalah tertentu. Salah satu kemampuan yang harus dikembangkan untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut adalah kemampuan berpikir kritis. Kemampuan berpikir kritis adalah kemampuan untuk mengidentifikasi, menganalisis, dan memecahkan masalah secara kreatif dan logis sehingga mampu menghasilkan keputusan yang tepat. Sementara itu, kemampuan berpikir kreatif dipengaruhi oleh keyakinan akan kemampuan diri yang dinamakan self efficacy. Self-efficacy ini berbeda dengan aspirasi (cita-cita), karena cita-cita menggambarkan sesuatu yang ideal yang seharusnya (dapat dicapai), sedang efikasi menggambarkan penilaian kemampuan diri. Untuk mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir  kritis dan self efficacy, pembelajaran matematika haruslah mengarah pada soal-soal tidak algoritmik dan komplek dalam menyelesaikan suatu masalah atau tugas, dan juga tidak dapat diprediksi, pendekatan latihan yang tepat, atau petunjuk yang tegas yang disarankan oleh tugas, petunjuk tugas atau contoh jalan keluar. Soal-soal yang seperti itu dikategorikan soal Higher Order Thingking (HOT). Oleh karena itu, soal kategori Higher Order Thingking (HOT) dapat digunakan untuk mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan self efficacy siswa dalam pembelajaran matematika siswa di sekolah dasar.
SUBJECT SPECIFIC PAEDAGOGIC (SSP) BASED ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILL (HOTS) TO IMPROVE THE ABILITY OF SD TEACHERS IN SURAKARTA
Authors: Istiyati Siti , Kartono Kartono , Atmojo Idam Ragil Widianto
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this service is to train elementary school teachers in the administrative area of Surakarta city to have capabilities that are in accordance with the times or disruption era. In detail, the aim of this activity is to improve the ability of teachers to develop high order-based specific pedagogic (SSP) subjects. thinking skill (HOTs). The subject of this service is an elementary school teacher in the city of Surakarta. The method used in this service begins the Workshop, Practices, and Implementation. In conducting this training the subjects were asked to work on tests related to the development of the SSS based HOTs. Analysis of the data used is pre-test and post-test. The result of this activity is that there is an increase in the knowledge and understanding of teachers regarding the development of SSS based on HOTs
THE INFLUENCE OF USING AUDIOVISUAL MEDIA AND LEARNING MOTIVATION OF CHILDREN STORIES WRITING ABILITY
Authors: Alif Salwaa Nadiya , Slamet St. Y. , Yulianti Yulianti
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this research is to find out : (1) the different of writing children stories ability of students that teached by audiovisual media within audio media, (2) the different of writing children stories ablility of students that have the high learning motivationand low learning motivation, (3) the interaction between teaching media and learning motivation on the writing children stories ability. This research includes a Quasi Experimental methode design by 2 × 2 factorial design. Populaton of the research are all students at fourth grade elementary school in Laweyan district Surakarta in the academic year of 2017/2018. The selected sample are Bratan III No. 187 Elementary School and Karangasem II Elementary School. This research used Two Ways Anava data analysis technique. The result of this research are : (1) there is different of writing children stories ability of students that teached by audiovisual media within audio media with FA value = 15,70 > F0,05;1;63 = 3,481; (2) there is different of writing children stories ablility of students that have the high learning motivationand low learning motivation with FB value = 3,80 > F0,05;1;63 = 3,481; (3) there is no interaction between teaching media and learning motivation on the writing children stories ability with FAB value = -0,10 < F0,05;1;63 = 3,481.
CHANGES IN THE ROLE OF TEACHERS IN IT-BASED MATHEMATICAL LEARNING IN DISRUPTION ERA
Authors: Trisnani Novy
Published: October 2019

Educational disruption is a change in the form of technological evolution that targets the education system, especially in the learning process that occurs in schools. Disruption in learning results in a shift in the role of students and teachers. As a result there is a shift in the role of students and teachers. The teacher's role shifts to being a mentor, facilitator, motivator, even inspirers develop imagination, creativity, character, and team work. However, a technology cannot create soul. The teacher's spirit familiarizes the professional attitude of the noble personality, humanist and exemplary. The role of the teacher in helping students is to create enjoyable learning, which gives space for the unique potential of every human child to grow, which builds three basic aspects of human skills to live in the digital era, namely having a balance of exercise, behavior (character), and a strong and persistent work ethic.
THE ROLE OF PRINCIPAL IN CURRICULUM AND LEARNING MANAGEMENT
Authors: Palupi Bening Sri , Esti Ervina
Published: October 2019

This study aims to describe the role of school principals in curriculum and learning management at SDN Manahan Banjasarsari District Surakarta City. The formulation of this research is how the role of school principals in curriculum and learning management, to obtain the data used interview techniques and filling questionnaires. The validity of the data is done by means of source triangulation, ie analyzing the results of interviews and questionnaires based on the theory used and relevant research studies as a comparison material. Data analysis technique used is interactive analysis. The results can be concluded that the role of school principals in curriculum management and learning in SDN Manahan is more likely to play a role as a curriculum tool maker. This can be seen from the headmaster not only providing socialization of the 2013 curriculum to teachers and school committees, but also providing socialization to parents.
CREATIVE THINKING: REVIEWED FROM INFORMATION PROCESSING MODEL (IPM) FOR PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS
Authors: Atmojo Idam Ragil Widianto , Sajidan Sajidan , Winarno Widha , Ashadi Ashadi
Published: October 2019

Memory is a structured system and causes organisms to be able to record facts and use knowledge to guide their behavior. Memory is also said to be a tool that serves to capture, process and use it when needed. Memory takes place through three processes, namely encoding, storage, and retrieval. The brain works through the information process by processing information through sensory stimulation and storing it into memory and involving thinking activities. Increasing the potential for creative thinking, the incoming stimulus is determined by personal situational factors. The purpose of this literature study is to find out that creative thinking is the result of information processing that occurs in human memory. The results of this literature study show that situational factors that are external or attention getter and prominent characteristics such as visual movements, novelty, clarity (fluency), new and extraordinary stimuli attract attention so that they can influence positive perception that goes into short-term memory. Through thinking activities, one's ideas and concepts developed through the process of relationships between the parts of information stored in him. Thinking is done to understand reality in order to make decisions (decision making), problem-solving (problem-solving) and produce new ones (creativity).
REALISTIC MATHEMATIC EDUCATION CAN IMPROVE THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE CONCEPT OF MATHEMATIC LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Authors: Kurino Yeni Dwi
Published: October 2019

Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah rendahnya pemahaman konsep matematika pada pembelajaran matematika di SD negeri Sindangkasih. Rendahnya pemahaman komnsep tersebut dilihat dari hasil belajar siswa pada pelajaran matematika, yaitu banyak siswa yang masih dibawah KKM. Dalam hal ini guru mengupayakan agar siswa dalam belajar matematika lebih bersifat nyata atau kongkrret yaitu dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran realistic mathematic education. Dengan demikian, siswa mampu menemukan caranya sendiri untuk memecahkan masalah dalam pelajaran matemtika di kehidupan sehari-hari. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu Penelitian Tindakan Kelas.Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus yang terdiri dari beberapa tindakan yang membahas materi matematika pada kelas V sekolah Dasar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan realistic mathematic education, maka pemahaman konsep meningkat. Hal ini terlihat pada tes yang diberikan peneliti kepada seliuruh siswa dikelas V Sekolah Dasar Sindangkasih yaitu terdapat peningkatan dari rata-rata nilai pemahamn konsep  data awal 50, siklus I rata-rata nilai 65 dan siklus II dengan rata-rata nilai  90. Interaksi siswa dengan siswa maupun siswa dengan guru lebih kondusif, hasil pemahaman konsep siswa tiap tindakan selama penelitian berlangsung mengalami peningkatan
FINDING HOTS-BASED MATHEMATICAL LEARNING IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Surya Anesa , Sularmi Sularmi , Istiyati Siti , Prakoso Rahmat Fajar
Published: October 2019

Pendekatan pembelajaran pada era sekarang ini sudah bergeser pada pembelajaran yang aktif, kreatif, kritis dan menyenangkan, sehingga akan tercipta pembelajaran yang bermakna. Hal tersebut dilandasi oleh tantangan pendidikan abad 21, yang menuntut siswa agar memiliki keterampilan berkomunikasi dan penguasaan ilmu pengetahuan teknologi melalui proses pembelajaran. Pelaksanaan pendidikan di Indonesia saat ini sudah mengarah pada tantangan abad 21, hal tersebut dibuktikan dari diterapkannya Kurikulum 2013 yang menekankan pada proses pembelajaran. Kendala yang ditemukan selama ini adalah masih sulit sekali melatih keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi pada siswa. Hal tersebut tidak hanya ditemui pada tingkatan sekolah lanjut, akan tetapi dari tingkatan sekolah dasar. Pentingnya melatih keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi pada siswa sejak tingkatan sekolah dasar adalah untuk mengembangkan pola pemikiran berkelanjutan pada siswa. Namun, kecenderungan pembelajaran matematika yang diajarkan saat ini masih menekankan pada keterampilan berpikir tingkat rendah. Indikasinya bisa dilihat dari pembelajaran selalu menggunakan metode menghafal dari buku. Selain itu, kebanyakan guru masih sulit mengajarkan dan membiasakan cara berpikir tingkat tinggi pada peserta didiknya. Hal tersebut dikarenakan masih kurangnya pengetahuan guru mengenai implementasi pembelajaran HOTS. Pada dasarnya untuk melatih keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi diperlukan keterampilan berpikir tingkat rendah sebagai dasar, tetapi akan lebih baik keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi mulai dilatih sejak siswa tingkat sekolah dasar. Keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi ini akan membuat siswa mampu meningkatkan kemampuan berkomunikasi dan penguasaan ilmu pengetahuan sesuai dengan tantangan pendidikan abad 21.
THE USE OF THE SCHOOL LIBRARY AT THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL SD NEGERI 2 PEJAGOAN
Authors: Safitri Nurul , Widiyani Tri Purna , Hanifah Umi , Hidayah Ratna
Published: October 2019

Libraries are important facilities in schools. One of the schools that has a library is SD Negeri 2 Pejagoan. Obsviously school libraries are used by students and teachers to support learning. But not all school libraries are well untilized. The purpose of this study was to describe the use of school libraries in SD Negeri 2 Pejagoan. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method with data retrieval techniques, interviews, and observations. Extracting data involves there components, they are students, to teachers, and librarians. The results of this study are that the school library in the SD Negeri 2 Pejagoan has been used well. Research indicators are based on the size of the library collection, attendance intensity, and service. The percentages of the library collection 83.2% have been well benefited, while a percentage of attendance at 66.1 percent each day, and 93% of the visitors have been greatly assisted by the service provided by the library. Implementation of this study is to get the school to use the library at maximum.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THEMATIC LEARNING IN THE SD N 6 PANJER KEBUMEN
Authors: Purwanti Septy Dewi , Septiningrum Eka Setya , Hidayat Akbar Maulana , Hidayah Ratna
Published: October 2019

Thematic learning integrates competencies from subjects into themes, which are related to the experience and environment of students.The government requires the transfer of curriculum from KTSP to the 2013 curriculum in the hope of perfecting and overcoming weaknesses in the learning patterns in the previous curriculum. Thematic learning has been implemented in the Kebumen area, one of which is SD N 6 Panjer which has implemented thematic learning in grade I, II, IV, and V. This research want to describe the implementation of thematic learning in SD Negeri 6 Panjer. This research includes qualitative research. Data collection techniques using observation at SD N 6 Panjer. The results showed that the implementation of thematic learning in SD N 6 Panjer in grades I, II, IV, and V was not fully in accordance with the six thematic learning characteristics: 1) student-centered, 2) direct experinces, 3) the separation of subjects was not so clearly, 4) presents the concept of various contents, 5) is flexible, 6) uses the principle of learning while playing.
FAIRY TALE STORIES AS THE CULTURAL GROWER OF LITERACY READING FOR PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Mustakimah Siti , Priyatnomo Maulida Ajeng , Chamdani Muhamad
Published: October 2019

The children's ability on literacy is essential for their ability development and academical achievement. The purposes of this article are 1) describing fairy tale stories, 2) describing the culture of literacy reading, 3) describing fairy to grower of literacy for primary school students. The research method used was literature study. The data was obtained by doing research study towards some literatures, books, reports and notes included the research problems. The results of this research explains about 1) the description of fairy tale stories, 2) the description of the culture of literacy reading, 3)the description of the usage of fairy tale stories as the literacy culture for children in primary school. The conclusion of this research is that fairy tale is fictional, imaginative, morale and understandable story so that it could be used as an alternative in growing the literacy culture particularly literacy reading for primary school students.
IMPLEMENTATION OF COLLAGE SKILLS ON EARLY CHILDHOOD CREATIVITY
Authors: Susiani Tri Saptuti , Priyatnomo Maulida Ajeng , Tantifah Laras
Published: October 2019

Creativity is one of the values in character education. But the fact is, according to Yohana (2013: 2) most children's artistic creativity is only extracted through drawing or coloring. Children will surely get bored if they only draw or color, therefore a breakthrough makes creativity through collage skills. The objectives of this study are: 1) Describe what collage skills are 2) Describe the creativity of early childhood; 3) Explain that collage skills can foster early childhood creativity. The method used is literature study which comes from books, literacy, notes, and reports that can be solved. The results of this study are; 1) Description of collage skills; 2) Description of the creativity of early childhood; 3) Collage skills can foster early childhood creativity. The conclusion of this study is that collage skills can foster early childhood creativity.
CREATIVE CHARACTER EDUCATION IN THE UTILIZATION OF USED GOODS INTO VERTICULTURE IN CLASS IV SD N 7 KUTOSARI KEBUMEN
Authors: Susiani Tri Saptuti , Khanasah Noviatun
Published: October 2019

Humans use goods and services to meet the needs every day increasing. One alternative in overcoming this is to recycle used goods. Through creative character education for students class four of SD N 7 Kutosari by utilizing used items to become verticultur. The method used in this study is the stage of action research. The results of this study showed a significant increase in the first cycle shorting trash be based on his species and the second cycle showed the high creativity of students in the use of used plastic bottles as verticultur.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE LITERACY MOVEMENT THROUGH THE SCHOOL PROGRAM "RaYa KaTa" and "PerSis SiPil”
Authors: Aisyah Dwi Wahyuning , Joharman Joharman
Published: October 2019

This paper aims to set out the efforts of improving the literacy of students activities as implementation of GLS (movement of the Lietarsi school) in SDN Jenang 02 through the program "Kingdom of the word" literacy-based learning, and PIRLS. The dlaksanakan method in this program includes three stages namely conditioning, removing deprecated, and learning. Conditioning phase done by Kilah (Daily Literacy Activities), the development phase is done with a clip (Pekanan Literacy Activities), clubs (Monthly Literacy Activities), and the Coaster (Manasuka Literacy Activities). Meanwhile, the learning phase is done with the integration of literacy PIRLS in learning that one of his efforts is the development of learning materials Literacy based PIRLS. The results obtained from the program's Kingdom Said is the increased student visits to the school library, increasing circulation of loaning and restoration of books in the school library, cultivate students ' motivation to more optimally utilize and develop a reading corner in the classroom, make a collection of student work in the form of a book of pantun collection, poems, and short stories. While learning programs that integrate Literacy PIRLS generally improve students ' ability in understanding readings so that interest and motivation in literacy activities also increased.
COLLABORATIVE ACADEMIC SUPERVISION TO IMPROVE INSTRUCTIONAL COMPETENCY IN IMPLEMENTATION CURRICULUM 2013 IN ALIAN DISTRICT
Authors: Karsiyem Karsiyem
Published: October 2019

Tujuan Penelitian Tindakan Sekolah ini adalah ingin memperoleh informasi  bahwa supervisi akademik pendekatan kolaboratif  teknik individual dapat meningkatkan kemampuan dalam pembelajaran dengan  menerapkan Kurikulum 2013 bagi guru kelas I di sekolah binaan Kecamatan Alian tahun 2018. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa supervisi akademik pendekatan kolaboratif teknik individual dapat meningkatkan kemampuan pembelajaran dengan menerapkan Kurikulum 2013 pada guru kelas I di sekolah binaan Kecamatan Alian tahun 2018.Hal ini terbukti pada hasil penelitian dari setiap siklus kemampuan pembelajaran dalam menerapkan Kurikulum 2013 bagi guru kelas I meningkat. Pada kondisi awal nilai rata-rata  silabus guru kelas I  adalah 62, 9. Nilai rata-rata  RPP guru kelas I  adalah 65, 7. Nilai rata-rata  pelaksanaan pembelajaran dengan menerapkan Kurikulum 2013 guru kelas I  adalah 64,7. Siklus I nilai rata-rata silabus 72,6. Nilai rata-rata  RPP 72,2, dan nilai rata-rata pelaksanaan pembelajaran dengan menerapkan Kurikulum 2013 adalah 70,6. Pada siklus II nilai rata-rata silabus 74,8. Nilai rata-rata  RPP 77,0. Nilai rata-rata pelaksanaan pembelajaran dengan menerapkan Kurikulum 2013 adalah 79,3. Siklus III nilai rata-rata silabus 79,8. Nilai rata-rata  RPP 81,5. dan nilai rata-rata pelaksanaan pembelajaran dengan menerapkan Kurikulum 2013 adalah 83,9.Dengan demikian penelitian ini dinyatakan berhasil.
ANALYSIS OF CRITICAL THINKING IN CLASS 4 STUDENTS OF SDN 2 KUTOSARI IN THEMATIC LEARNING 2013 CURRICULUM
Authors: Saputri Marchelina Dwi , Suryandari Kartika Chrysti
Published: October 2019

Thematic learning in 2013 curriculum  has competence time front that is ability thinking clear and critical. Student could said have ability critical thinking if they pass by 6 steps of Critical thinking.  So this study was a purpose was to analyze critical thinking in class 4 students of SD N 2 Kutosari in thematic learning 2013 curriculum. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The research subjects were the fourth grade studenst of SD N 2 Kutosari. Data collection though observation, documentation and interview to the fourth grade student. Result research show ability critical thinking of class 4 student of SDN 2 Kutosari already exists, but students do not always think critically but only in limited learning. conducted students begin to be critical with 47,72% of students able to think critically. So the teacher lures students to think critically based on six step of critical thinking
ANALYSIS OF THE APPLICATION OF BASIC TEACHING SKILLS AS PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS FOR TEACHER IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Authors: Indriani Leny Retno , Indrawati Kurnia , Nafi’ah Khafidatun , Susiani Tri Saptuti
Published: October 2019

Educators or teachers are professionals, one of the tasks of the teacher is to plan and carry out the learning process. It is stated in the Republic of Indonesia Law on the Nasional Education System. In the process of learning, there are eight basic teaching skills that needs to be mastered by a teacher. Therefore, this study aims to describe the professionalism of teacher in the application of basic teaching skills. This research is conducted by using descriptive techniques. The data of this research are qualitative data that are gained by describing the observation sheets. The result showed that all skills have been implemented by the pre-service teachers of PGSD UNS, but there are several basic skills aspect that have not been fully implemented. This aspect is create variations. Therefore, all aspects of basic teaching skills include create variations need to be implemented to develop teacher the profesionalism.
Libyan PR Participants’ Perceptions of and Motivations for Studying PR in Libya
Authors: Elareshi Mokhtar , Bajnaid Ayman
Published: October 2019

Public relations in Libya is very much a new phenomenon, even compared with other Arab countries, although there are PR practices growing in tandem with some large local businesses and organisations. Based on the assumption that PR continues to play a vital role in communities and businesses, it is important to reconsider and evaluate its practices regularly, especially in terms of teaching and skills (including its curriculum). This study explores the quality of the educational PR curriculum, training and taught courses in Libyan universities by focusing on the perceptions of Libyan PR’s academic professionals and senior PR students, covering roughly more than a quarter-century of teaching at undergraduate and postgraduate levels. It examines how university PR students are taught, what strategies and modules are applied and how professionals and students evaluate the PR curriculum and their practical advantages. Based on a survey (N=367) and interview (N=15) approach, the overall findings revealed that the PR curriculum needed to be updated and that PR should be recognised as a practical, not a theoretical, subject and should have its own union helping to provide more training programmes in an updated setting.
Identification and Preliminary Toxicological Assessment of a Non-Regulated Mineral Fiber: Fibrous Antigorite from New Caledonia
Authors: Petriglieri Jasmine Rita , Laporte-Magoni Christine , Salvioli-Mariani Emma , Tomatis Maura , Gazzano Elena , Turci Francesco , Cavallo Alessandro , Fubini Bice
Published: October 2019

The rising awareness about the risk due to asbestos environmental exposure has led to a new interest in the investigation of non-regulated mineral fibers. Evidence of chronic diseases has been described in individuals exposed to naturally occurring asbestiform (NOA) minerals in Turkey (erionite), Italy (fluoro-edenite), and the United States (winchite/richterite). In New Caledonia, an increased incidence of asbestos-related diseases was correlated with the natural occurrence of fibrous serpentines chrysotile and fibro-lamellar antigorite in outcrops, roadways, and soils. A minor amount of tremolite asbestos was also observed, increasing the health hazard. By adopting a precautionary principle, New Caledonia legislation classified antigorite as regulated asbestos, even if limited toxicity assessment is available. Caledonian antigorite exhibits a wide range of natural shapes, morphologies, and degrees of alteration as a result of pedogenic alteration induced by subtropical conditions. As the alteration increases, lamellar antigorite gradually cleaves into fibrous-like particles, assuming a fibro-lamellar habit. An increase in the emission of inhalable (potentially asbestiform) fibers in air was observed. To understand this mechanism, a multidisciplinary mineralogical and geochemical investigation was carried out. Additionally, several in vitro tests have been performed on three antigorite samples, subjected to different levels of alteration, to collect preliminary information on antigorite toxicity. Alteration modifies the surface reactivity of antigorite. The circulation of fluids induces a mechanical stress and an elemental exchange at mineral/water interface, promoting the loss of cohesion of the mineral structure and affecting the surface chemistry and toxicity of fibrous (asbestiform) antigorite.
Nasopharyngeal carriage, spa types and drug susceptibility profiles of Staphylococcus aureus from healthy children under 5 years in eastern Uganda
Authors: Kateete David , Asiimwe Benon B , Mayanja Raymond , Mujuni Brian , Bwanga Freddie , Najjuka Christine F , Källander Karin , Rutebemberwa Elizeus
Published: October 2019

Background:
Staphylococcus aureus carriage is a known risk factor for staphylococcal disease. However, the carriage rates vary by country, demographic group and profession. This study aimed to determine the S. aureus carriage rate in children in Eastern Uganda, and track Staphylococcus strains that can cause infection in Uganda.
Methods:
Nasopharyngeal samples from 742 healthy children under 5 years residing in the Iganga/Mayuge Health & Demographic Surveillance Site in Eastern Uganda were processed for isolation of S. aureus. Antibiotic resistance based on minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) was determined by the BD Phoenix™ automated identification & susceptibility testing system. Genotyping was performed by spa typing.
Results:
The processed samples yielded 144 S. aureus isolates (one per child) therefore, the S. aureus carriage rate in children was 19.4% (144/742). Thirty one percent (45/144) of the isolates were methicillin resistant (MRSA) yielding a carriage rate of 6.1% (45/742). All MRSA isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, linezolid and clindamycin however, compared to methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) (68.8%, 99/144), MRSA isolates were more resistant to non-beta-lactam antimicrobials –tetracycline (91.1%, 41/45), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (73.3%, 33/45), erythromycin (75.6%, 34/45), chloramphenicol (60%, 27/45), gentamicin (55.6%, 25/45) and ciprofloxacin (35.6%, 16/45). Furthermore, one MRSA isolate was mupirocin resistant and 42 (93.3%, 42/45) were multidrug resistant (MDR); three (3%, 3/99) MSSA isolates were mupirocin and clindamycin resistant, while 61 (61.6%, 61/99) were MDR. All MSSA/MRSA isolates were susceptible to rifampicin, vancomycin and linezolid but only three MSSA were pan-susceptible to antibiotics. Seven spa types were detected in MRSA, of which t037 & t064 were predominant and associated with SCCmec types I & IV, respectively. Fourteen spa types were detected in MSSA, of which t645 & t4353 were predominant.
Conclusions:
S. aureus (MSSA/MRSA) carriage rate in children in Eastern Uganda is high and comparable to rates for hospitalized patients in Kampala city. The detection of mupirocin resistance is worrying as it could rapidly increase if mupirocin is administered in a low-income setting. S. aureus strains of spa types t064, t037 (MRSA) and t645, t4353 (MSSA) are prevalent and could be responsible for majority of staphylococcal infections in Uganda.
Association between family history and essential hypertension in Han population in Shanghai China
Authors: anle li , Peng Qian , Shao Yue Qin , Zhang Yi Ying , Xiang Fang
Published: October 2019

Backgrounds

Genetic factor is one of important influencing factors of essential hypertension, and family history (FH) is an important marker of genetic factors.Objective

To explore the association between family history and essential hypertension in Han population in Shanghai China.Methods

The method of case-control study was used,342 cases of hypertension and 342 controls were selected and investigate their nuclear family members in the both study groups. The diagnostic information of hypertension in all relatives of these two groups was investigated. The method of genetic epidemiology research was used to explore the effect of family history.Results

The average prevalence of hypertension was 23.32%. The prevalence of hypertension of first-degree relatives was 33.99%; the prevalence of second- degree relatives was 17.60%; the prevalence of third-degree relatives was 13.51%. All prevalence of hypertension of case group relatives was significantly higher than that of control group relatives. The average onset age in population with positive FH is 48.74±11.16 years old, and the average onset age in population with negative FH is 54.38±9.87 years old. The difference about two FH groups showed statistically significant (t=4.589, P<0.001). The average onset age of offspring with father, mother, grandpa, grandma, maternal grandpa or maternal grandma positive was respectively 48.42, 49.16, 39.55, 39.88, 43.67 or 43.64 years old; and the average onset age of children with father, mother, grandpa, grandma, maternal grandpa or maternal grandma negative was respectively 51.90, 51.17, 51.07, 51.08, 50.50 or 50.57 years old. The difference about two groups showed statistically significant.Conclusion

Family history had a positive effect on the occurrence of hypertension, and lead to earlier age of onset of offspring. The effects were different among parent and grandparent in Han in Shanghai China.
The phylogenetic significance of the morphology of the syrinx, hyoid and larynx, of the Southern Cassowary, Casuarius casuarius (Aves, Palaeognathae)
Authors: McInerney Phoebe Louise , Lee Michael S. Y. , Clement Alice M. , Worthy Trevor H.
Published: October 2019

The Palaeognathae are a basal clade within Aves and include the large and flightless ratites and the smaller, volant tinamous. Although much research has been conducted on various aspects of palaeognath morphology, ecology, and evolutionary history, there are still areas which require investigation. This study aimed to fill gaps in our knowledge of the Southern cassowary, Casuarius casuarius , for which information on the skeletal systems of the syrinx, hyoid and larynx is lacking despite these structures having been recognised as performing key functional roles associated with vocalisation, respiration and feeding. Previous research into the syrinx and hyoid have also indicated these structures to be valuable for determining evolutionary relationships among neognath taxa, and thus be informative for palaeognath phylogenetic analyses, which still exhibits strong conflict between morphological and molecular trees. We documented variation across palaeognaths in the skeletal character states of the syrinx, hyoid, and larynx, using both the literature and novel observations (e.g. of cassowary). Notably the molecular moa-tinamou clade was found to share morphological character traits including the ossification of the cricoid and arytenoid cartilages, and an additional cranial character, the articulation between the maxillary process of the nasal and the maxilla. These findings contributed to optimisation of syrinx, hyoid and larynx characters showing increased phylogenetic support for palaeognath relationships derived from a molecular and morphological combined-data topology.
Cost of incorrect application of antithrombotic prophylaxis prior to invasive procedures
Authors: Cuevas María Victoria , Martínez-Sancho Ignacio , Arribas Jana , García-Díaz Covadonga , Cuevas Beatriz
Published: October 2019

Background

We analyze the cost of an incorrect application, by the haematologist, of bridging anticoagulation in patients with low-risk atrial fibrillation (AF) needing interruption of treatment prior to a scheduled invasive procedure. Although not recommended, bridging therapy is widely used, resulting in avoidable costs and increased workload.

Methods

Observational retrospective study. We recorded demographic and clinical data including age, sex, type of procedure, use of bridging therapy with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), and haemorrhagic complications within 30 days of acenocoumarol withdrawal.

Results

Acenocoumarol was stopped in 161 patients, 97 (60%) were male and 64 (40%) female. Average age was 76,11 ± 8,45 years. Procedures included: minor surgical intervention 58 (36%), colonoscopy 61 (38%), gastroscopy 11 (7%), breast biopsy 4 (2.5%), prostate biopsy 4 (2.5%), infiltration 5 (3%), and other 18 (11%). All patients received bridging anticoagulation with LMWH (40mg enoxaparin per day) 3 days before and 3 days after the procedure (6 doses). We used a total of 966 doses, at €4.5 per unit, resulted in €4,347 of total cost. No complications occurred in 156 patients (97%). Haemorrhage was observed in 5 cases: 1 major haemorrhage needing 6 days of hospital stay and transfusion, and 4 minor haemorrhages (2 patients needed emergency attendance and 2 required hospital admission for 3 and 2 days, respectively). The cost of emergency care was €237.36, and the cost of hospital stay was €6860.81 (€623.71 per day, for 11 days). The total cost of the incorrect application of the protocol was €11445.17.

Conclusion

Guidelines about bridging anticoagulation in low risk AF patients undergoing scheduled invasive procedures were not followed. This practice increments the complications and supposes an increase in costs besides to an inadequate use of the human resources.
Validation of the Clinical Frailty Score (CFS) in French language
Authors: ABRAHAM PAUL , COURVOISIER Delphine S. , ANNWEILER Cedric , LENOIR Cliff , MILLIEN Thomas , DALMAZ Francoise , FLATTEN Hans , MORENO Rui , CHRISTENSEN Steffen , GUIDET Bertrand , Bendjelid Karim , WALDER Bernhard , PINTO Bernardo BOLLEN
Published: October 2019

Background
Very old critical ill patients are a rapid expanding group in the ICU. To better understand the magnitude of the challenges involved in intensive care practice for an ageing population and discuss a rational allocation of resources (admission, triage and level of care) for such patients, healthcare practitioners need a reliable evaluation of frailty.
In order to promote the adequate use of the clinical frailty Scale (CFS) in a wider panel of countries, we aimed to develop, validate and characterise a French (FR) version from the originale English (EN) CFS.
Results
Inter-rater reliability was 0.87 (95%CI: 0.76-0.93) between doctors for the original CFS version and 0.76 (95%CI: 0.57-0.87) between nurses for the FR version. Inter-rater variability between doctor and nurse was 0.75 (95%CI: 0.56-0.87) for the original version, and 0.73 (95%CI: 0.52-0.85) for the FR version.
Test-retest (stability) with the original vs the FR version was 0.86 (95%CI: 0.72-0.93) for doctors and 0.87 (95%CI: 0.76-0.93) for nurses.
Differences between the evaluations of the CFS-EN and CSF-FR were not different from 0, with a mean difference of 0.06 (95%CI -0.24, 0.36) for the EN version and -0.03 (95%CI -0.47, 0.41) for the FR version. Agreement between the FR and the EN version for doctors was similar. Average original version ratings were slightly lower than FR version ratings, though this difference did not reach significance: -0.29 (95%CI -0.54, 0.04).
There were no significant differences in the CFS scores between participants who died within 30 days and participants who survived for either the original (median survived: 4.7, median died: 4.0, p=0.52) or FR (median survived: 4.7, median died: 4.5, p=0.56) versions
Conclusion
In this prospective cohort of very old intensive care participants we developed and tested the basic psychometric properties (internal consistency, reproducibility) of a French version of the CFS. This manuscript provides clinically meaningful psychometric properties that have not been previously reported in any other language, including in the original EN version.
The French cultural adaptation of this CFS has adequate psychometric properties for doctors or nurses to evaluate frailty in very old intensive care patients.
Absorbable suture can be effectively and safely used to close the mesenteric defect in a Gastric bypass Sprague-Dawley Rat Model
Authors: Yao Libin , Dolo Ponnie Robertlee , Shao Yong , Li Chao , Widjaja Jason , Hong Jian , Zhu Xiaocheng
Published: October 2019

Background: To observe if closing the mesenteric defect with absorbable sutures creates a safe adhesion compared to non-absorbable suture after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.Methods: Rats were randomly assigned to 5 experimental groups according to the different suture materials used in closing the mesenteric defects (Peterson’s space) after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Group A (control group), Group B (non-absorbable suture, Prolene suture), Group C (biological glue), Group D (non-absorbable suture, polyester suture) and Group E (absorbable suture). All rats were followed up for 8 weeks postoperatively and underwent laparotomy to observe the degree of adhesion and closure of the mesenteric defect.Results: No significant difference was found in the decrease in food intake and body weight among all groups. No internal hernia (IH) occurred in any group. The mesenteric defects of Group A remained completely visible without any closure or adhesion. Multiple gaps were found between the Prolene suture and the mesentery along the suture line in Group B. The mesenteric defects of Group C were complete closed with multiple adhesions of the small intestine and the greater omentum. The mesenteric defects in both Group D and Group E closed completely. The average adhesion scores in Group A and Group B were 0 and 0.33±0.52 respectively. The average adhesion score in group C (3.83±0.41) was higher than the other groups (p＜0.05). The average adhesion scores in Group D and E were similar (3.17±0.41 and 3.00±0.00 respectively).
Conclusion: Absorbable suture created a safe adhesion score between the mesentery which was not inferior to non-absorbable sutures.
Prolotherapy injections and physiotherapy used singly and in combination for lateral epicondylalgia: A single-blinded randomised clinical trial.
Authors: Yelland Michael , Rabago David , Ryan Michael , Ng Shu-Kay , Vithanachchi Dinusha , Manickaraj Nagarajan , Bisset Leanne
Published: October 2019

Background Lateral epicondylalgia (tennis elbow) is a common, debilitating and often treatment-resistant condition. Two treatments thought to address the pathology of lateral epicondylalgia are hypertonic glucose plus lignocaine injections (prolotherapy) and a physiotherapist guided manual therapy/exercise program (physiotherapy). This trial aimed to compare the short- and long-term clinical effectiveness, cost effectiveness, and safety of prolotherapy used singly and in combination with physiotherapy. Methods Using a single-blinded randomised clinical trial design, 120 participants with lateral epicondylalgia of at least six weeks’ duration were randomly assigned to prolotherapy (4 sessions, monthly intervals), physiotherapy (weekly for 4 sessions) or combined (prolotherapy+physiotherapy). The Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE) and participant global impression of change scores were assessed by blinded evaluators at baseline, 6, 12, 26 and 52 weeks. Success rate was defined as the percentage of participants indicating elbow condition was either 'much improved' or 'completely recovered.’ Analysis was by intention-to-treat. Results 88% completed the 12-month assessment. At 52 weeks, there were substantial, significant improvements compared with baseline status for all outcomes and groups, but no significant differences between groups. The physiotherapy group exhibited greater reductions in PRTEE at 12 weeks than the prolotherapy group (p = 0.014).Conclusion There were no significant differences amongst the Physiotherapy, Prolotherapy and Combined groups in PRTEE and global impression of change measures over the course of the 12-month trial.
Single-center Experience in the Treatment of Extremely Medial Clavicle Fractures with Vertical Fixation of Double-plate
Authors: Liu He , Zhang Ziyan , Yuan Baoming , Ren Guangkai , Yu Junlong , Peng Chuangang , Wu Dankai
Published: October 2019

Background: Patients suffering from medial clavicle fractures combined with displacement need surgical intervention. This research reports the effect of double-plate fixation as an innovative procedure in the treatment of extremely medial clavicle fractures.Methods: Nine patients complaint of extremely medial clavicle fracture were enrolled in this research from Mar 2017 to March 2018. Patients were treated with an open reduction and internal fixation using the double-plate technique. Postoperative X-ray was taken regularly to observe the fracture healing at each visit, and the related complications were also recorded. The rating score systems of Constant Murley score of treated shoulder and contralateral shoulder, Rowe score as well as American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) were questionnaire to evaluate postoperative shoulder joint function.Results: All patients achieved postoperative fracture healing with no complications. Only one patient complained of slight restriction, two patients complained of pain during overhead work, and another patient occurred plate breakage. Meanwhile, the Constant Murley scores of treated and contralateral shoulder were 94.1 and 98.5 points, respectively, indicating the similar shoulder function. Furthermore, the Rowe and ASES scores of the involved shoulder were 96.7 and 96.3 points at average, respectively.Conclusions: It is the first time to introduce the surgical technique of vertical double-plate fixation for stable fixation of extremely medial clavicle fractures, which could provide the surgeons an alternative method for this type of fracture.
Catastrophic Healthcare Expenditure and Coping Strategies among Patients Attending Cancer Treatment Services in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Kasahun Gebremicheal Gebreslassie , Gebretekle Gebremedhin Beedemariam , Gecho Yohannes Hailemichael , Woldemariam Aynalem Abraha , Fenta Teferi Gedif
Published: October 2019

Background: With the rapid increase in magnitude and mortality of cancer, which is costly disease to manage, several patients particularly in developing countries are facing a huge financial burden. Objective: The purpose of the study was to examine the level of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE), identify associated factors and coping strategies among patients attending cancer treatment services in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional survey of patients with cancer was conducted in public and private hospitals between January and March 2018. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. All direct medical and nonmedical expenditures were measured and reported as expenditure (US$) per patient (1US$ equivalent to 23.41 Ethiopian Birr). The CHE was estimated using a threshold of 10% of annual household income. Results: A total of 352 (response rate of 87.1%) participants were interviewed. Majority (73.3%) of the respondents were females; most (94%) from public hospitals and their mean (±SD) age was 48±13.2years. Breast (37%) and Cervical (16.5%) cancers accounted the largest proportion. Vast majority (74.4%) of patients experienced CHE with mean overall expenditure of $2366 per patient (median: $1708). Medical expenditure shared the highest overall expenditure (83.6%) with mean medical and nonmedical costs of $1978 (median: $1394) and $388 (median: $222), respectively. Patients who took greater than six cycles of chemotherapy (AOR: 3.64; 95%CI: 1.11-11.92), and age (AOR: 1.03; 95%CI: 1.01-1.06) were significantly associated with CHE. Household saving (85.5%) followed by financial support (43.0%) were the main coping strategies. Conclusion: A substantial number of patients with cancer are exposed to CHE with considerable medical expenditure. Hence, mobilizing the health insurance scheme is urgently needed to ensure financial risk protection and realize universal health coverage for patients with cancer.
Integrative analysis of outer membrane vesicles proteomics and whole-cell transcriptome analysis of eravacycline induced Acinetobacter baumannii strains
Authors: Kesavan Dinesh Kumar , Vasudevan Aparna , Wu Liang , Chen Jianguo , Su Zhaoliang , Wang Shengjun , Xu Huaxi
Published: October 2019

Background Acinetobacter baumannii is a multidrug resistant (MDR) hazardous bacterium with very high antimicrobial resistance profiles. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) help directly and/or indirectly towards antibiotic resistance in these organisms. The present study aims to look on the proteomic profile of OMV as well as on the bacterial transcriptome upon exposure and induction with eravacycline, a new synthetic fluorocycline. RNA sequencing analysis of whole cell and LC–MS/MS proteomic profiling of OMV proteome abundance were done to identify the differential expression among the eravacycline-induced A. baumannii ATCC 19606 and A. baumannii clinical strain JU0126.Results The Differential expressed genes from the RNA sequencing and were analysed using R package and bioinformatics software and tools. Genes encoding drug efflux and membrane transport were upregulated among the DEGs from both ATCC 19606 and JU0126 strains. As evident with the induction of eravacycline resistance, ribosomal proteins were upregulated in both the strains in the transcriptome profiles and also resistance pumps, such as MFS, RND, MATE and ABC transporters. High expression of stress and survival proteins were predominant in the OMVs proteome with ribosomal proteins, chaperons, OMPs OmpA, Omp38 upregulated in ATCC 19606 strain and ribosomal proteins, toluene tolerance protein, siderophore receptor and peptidases in the JU0126 strain. The induction of resistance to eravacycline was supported by the presence of upregulation of ribosomal proteins, resistance conferring factors and stress proteins in both the strains of A. baumannii ATCC 19606 and JU0126, with the whole-cell gene transcriptome towards both resistance and stress genes while the OMVs proteome enriched more with survival proteins.Conclusion The induction of resistance to eravacycline in the strains were evident with the increased expression of ribosomal and transcription related genes/proteins. Apart from this resistance conferring efflux pumps, outer membrane proteins and stress related proteins were also an essential part of the upregulated DEGs. However, the expression profiles of OMVs proteome in the study was independent with respect to the whole cell RNA expression profiles with low to no correlation. This indicates the possible role of OMVs to be more of back-up additional protection to the existing bacterial cell defence during the antibacterial stress.