bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
effect of halal tour, word of mouth, price and social media on visiting decisions to non muslim countries at pt.tour and travel antavaya palembang
Authors: Rusmalita Utami Desfika , Misniwati Misniwati , Aryanti Aryanti
Published: January 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of the halal tour, word of mouth, price and social media on visiting decisions to non-muslim countries at PT.Tour and Antavaya Travel Palembang. The source of data is primary data through questionnaire. The sample of this study was 110 respondents, technique with purposive sampling method. This research used quantitative methods. with the multiple regression analysis method. The research variables consist of independent variables : 1.Halal Tour, 2.Word of mouth 3.Price 4.Social Media. While the dependent variable is the decision to visit. The result showed a halal tour didn’t significantly influence  the visiting decision. Word of mouth,  price, and social media are significantly influence on visiting decision.
influence of fundamental analysis and systematic risk towards stock price of banks in Indonesia
Authors: Purwanto Purwanto , Safira Erynda Bhita
Published: January 2022

This research aims to identify and gives the empirical proven of significant influences in partial and simultaneously of four independent variables towards the stock price. In addition, this research chooses the population in the banking industry listed on the LQ45 index during the period of 2011-2014. Through purposive sampling and pooling data, this research has got 96 observations from six companies in four years with a quarterly basis that fulfills the criteria. Based on the result, there is debt to equity ratio, earnings-per-share, and return on equity which having significant influences towards the stock price. On the other hand, systematic risk has no significant influence on the stock price. Simultaneously, those four independent variables provide 69.7% influences to the dependent variable. The rest, 30.3%, is influenced by other factors outside this research. Moreover, earnings-per-share is chosen as the most significant factor that influences stock price.
EFFECT OF INFLATION ON THE NUMBER OF MEDIUM SMALL MICRO ENTERPRISES (MSMEs) 2016 - 2019 IN SUKOHARJO REGENCY
Authors: Sulistiyono Sulistiyono , Nuriyaningsih Irma , Fiorentina Frisca Nastasya , Putri Gustita
Published: January 2022

Inflation, in brief, has the meaning of a tendency to increase the prices of goods and services in general and continuously. Inflation will affect macroeconomic activities, micro, and investment activities. This inflationary condition is also bothersome for producers as owners of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). In 2016, the number of MSMEs in the Sukoharjo Regency was 11,187 and increased in 2019 by 20,030. However, the increase in the number of MSMEs is, in fact, inversely related to the decreasing inflation rate. In 2016 the inflation rate was 2.34%, and in 2019 the inflation rate was 2.13%. The sample used in this study were all MSMEs registered at the Industry and Trade Service (Disperindag) of Sukoharjo Regency in 2016-2019. the number of MSMEs in the Regency increased. In 2017 there were 19,804 units, then to 20,580 in 2018. The increase was 8,617 pieces per year. The results of the data analysis show that inflation has an effect on the number of MSME players in Sukoharjo Regency. This means that the higher the inflation rate, the number of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises players will decrease.
EFFECT OF EXPERIENTIAL MARKETING ON CUSTOMER LOYALTY: THE ROLE OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AS A MEDIATOR
Authors: Aufa Nadya Nabila
Published: January 2022

This research examines experiential marketing and its effect on customer loyalty with customer satisfaction as a mediator. This research is based on two theories; expectation-confirmation theory (ECT) and satisfaction-loyalty theory. This article was made because the development of the marketing concept has grown rapidly, therefore, that it no longer focuses on its products, but focuses on its consumers, hence, that an interesting experience will provide something different for consumers to enjoy their products or services. In an effort to provide a theoretical basis for the role of customer satisfaction in mediating experiential marketing on customer loyalty, researcher propose a framework that describes consumer behavior. These are expected to have an impact on the perceived experience by customer will create satisfaction, therefore, customers become loyal. Researcher further posit that the relationships between experiential marketing and customer loyalty are indirect, but through the perceived satisfaction by customers. Finally, researcher present customer satisfaction as a mediator between experiential marketing and customer loyalty. Implications for management and future research are presented.
FACTORS OF VILLAGE STATE-OWNED COMPANY ARE IN ACTIVE IN JAMBI PROVINCE
Authors: Lubis Tona Aurora , Firmansyah Firmansyah
Published: January 2022

This study aims to formulate a model of the inactive Village State-Owned Company factors in Jambi Province. This type of research is a type of qualitative research with a phenomenological type. This qualitative research analysis was assisted by using the Nvivo qualitative research software. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the main factors causing the inactivity of BUMDes in Jambi province can be divided into 3, which are BUMDes management factors, village officials, and the community.
Amelioration of endothelial dysfunction by sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors: pieces of the puzzle explaining their cardiovascular protection
Authors: Li Xiaoling , Preckel Benedikt , Hermanides Jeroen , Hollmann Markus , Zuurbier Coert , Weber Nina
Published: January 2022

Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i’s) significantly
improve cardiovascular outcome in both diabetic and non-diabetic
patients. Preclinical studies suggest that SGLT-2i’s directly affect
endothelial function in a glucose-independent manner. The effects of
SGLT-2i’s include reduction of oxidative stress and inflammatory
reaction in endothelial cells. Furthermore, SGLT2i’s have been shown to
restore endothelial-related vasodilation and to regulate angiogenesis.
The favorable cardiovascular effects of SGLT-2i’s might be mediated via
multiple pathways: 1) by inhibition of the overactive sodium-hydrogen
exchanger; 2) by reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
phosphate oxidases expression; 3) by alleviation of mitochondrial
injury; 4) by the suppression of inflammatory-related signaling pathways
(e.g. by affecting nuclear factor kappa beta); 5) by modulation of
glycolysis, as well as 6) by restoring impaired nitric oxide
bioavailability. This review focuses on the most recent progress and
existing gaps in preclinical investigations concerning the direct
effects of SGLT-2i’s on endothelial dysfunction and their underlying
mechanisms.
Kippenhahn curves of some tridiagonal matrices
Authors: Bebiano Natália , da Providência , Spitkovsky Ilya , Vazquez Kenya
Published: January 2022

Tridiagonal matrices with constant main diagonal and reciprocal pairs of
off-diagonal entries are considered. Conditions for such matrices with sizes
up to 6-by-6 to have elliptical numerical ranges are obtained.
Measure of noncompactness and JS-Presic fixed point theorems and its applications to a system of integral equations
Authors: Parvaneh Mohsen , Farajzadeh Ali
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we gain a new extension of well-known Darbo?s fixed point
theorem in a Banach space. Our results provide several expressions which all
are generalizations of Darbo?s fixed point theorem. As applications, we
obtain some Presic type extensions of Darbo fixed point theorem which help
us in the studying of the existence of solution for a system of functional
integral equations in BC(R+). Finally, we provided an example to demonstrate
the efficacy of our results.
Substitution vector-valued integral type operators on Orlicz spaces
Authors: Moayyerizadeh Zahra
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we consider some fundamental properties of a substitution
vector-valued integral operator Tu? from Orlicz space L?(?) to Hilbert space H
by the language of conditional expectation operators. First, we present
necessary and sufficient conditions for boundedness and compactness Tu? from
L?(?) to H. Next, we investigate the problem of conditions on the generating
Young functions, the functions u, ? and h = d(? ? ?-1)/d?, under which
operator Tu? is of closed range or finite rank. Finally, we determine the
lower and upper estimates for the essential norm of Tu? on Orlicz spaces
under certain conditions.
Inequalities for the maximum modulus of univariate constrained polynomials
Authors: Milovanovic Gradimir , Mir Abdullah
Published: January 2022

This paper deals with the problem of finding some upper bound estimates for
the maximum modulus of a univariate complex polynomial on a disk under
certain constraints on the zeros and on the functions involved. A variety of
interesting results follow as special cases from our general results.
Topobooleans and Boolean contact algebras with interpolation property
Authors: Estaji Ali , Haghdadi Toktam , Ostad Javad
Published: January 2022

In this paper we study the connections between topobooleans [A.A. Estaji, A.
Karimi Feizabadi, and M. Zarghani, Categ. Gen. Algebr. Struct. Appl. 4
(2016), 75-94] and Boolean contact algebras with the interpolation property
(briefly, ICAs) [G. Dimov and D. Vakarelov, Fund. Inform. 74 (2006),
209-249]. We prove that every complete ICA generates a topoboolean and,
conversely, if a topoboolean satisfies some natural conditions then it
generates a complete ICA which, in turn, generates it. We introduce the
category ICA of ICAs and suitable morphisms between them. We show that the
category ICA has products and every ICA-monomorphism is an injective
function. We prove as well that if A and B are complete Boolean algebras, f
: B1 ? B2 is a complete Boolean homomorphism and (A,C) is an ICA, then B
possesses a final ICA-structure in respect of f.
On structure space of the ring B1(X)
Authors: Deb Ray , Mondal Atanu
Published: January 2022

In this article, we continue our study of the ring of Baire one functions on
a topological space (X,?), denoted by B1(X), and extend the well known M.
H. Stones?s theorem from C(X) to B1(X). Introducing the structure space of
B1(X), an analogue of Gelfand-Kolmogoroff theorem is established. It is
observed that (X,?) may not be embedded inside the structure space of
B1(X). This observation inspired us to introduce a weaker form of embedding
and show that in case X is a T4 space, X is weakly embedded as a dense
subspace, in the structure space of B1(X). It is further established that
the ring B*1(X) of all bounded Baire one functions, under suitable
conditions, is a C-type ring and also, the structure space of B*1(X) is
homeomorphic to the structure space of B1(X). Introducing a finer topology ?
than the original T4 topology ? on X, it is proved that B1(X) contains free
maximal ideals if ? is strictly finer than ?. Moreover, in the class of all
perfectly normal T1 spaces, ? = ? is necessary as well as sufficient for B1(X)
= C(X).
Optimal integrability for some integral system of Wolff type
Authors: Li Ling
Published: January 2022

In the paper, we obtain the optimal integrability for positive solutions of
the following integral system involving Wolff potentials: {u(x) =
W?,?(vq)(x); x ?, Rn, v(x) = W?,?(up)(x), x ? Rn, where p,q > 0,? > 0, ? > 1
and 0 < ?? < n. Ma, Chen and Li [Advances in Mathematics, 226(2011),
2676-2699] developed the regularity lifting method and obtained the optimal
integrability for p > 1, q > 1. Here, based on some new observations, we
overcome the difficulty there, and derive the optimal integrability for the
case of p > 0,q > 0 and pq > 1. This integrability plays a key role in
estimating the asymptotic behavior of positive solutions.
Minkowski-type inequalities using generalized proportional Hadamard fractional integral operators
Authors: Nale Asha , Panchal Satish , Chinchane Vaijanath
Published: January 2022

The main objective of present investigation is to obtain some Minkowski-type
fractional integral inequalities using generalised proportional Hadamard
fractional integral operators which is introduced by Rahman et al. in the
paper (Certain inequalities via generalized proportional Hadamard fractional
integral operators), Advances in Differential Equations, 2019, 454(2019). In
addition, we establish some other fractional integral inequalities for
positive and continuous functions.
Strong super convergence of the balanced Euler method for a class of stochastic Volterra integro-differential equations with non-globally Lipschitz continuous coefficients
Authors: Zhang Wei
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we propose the balanced Euler method of a class of stochastic
Volterra integro-differential equations with non-globally Lipschitz
continuous coefficients. The moment boundedness is studied and the strong
convergence is shown to be 1. Moreover, the theoretical results are
illustrated by a numerical example.
New rhodium(III)-ED3AP complex: Crystal structure, characterization and computational chemistry
Authors: Radovanovic Marko , Ristic Marija , Zlatar Matija , Heinemann Frank , Matovic Zoran
Published: January 2022

Only one (trans(O5)-Na[Rh(ED3AP)]?3H2O) of possible two isomers was synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray analysis, IR and UV?Vis spectroscopy. Computational analysis of both isomers was performed with three levels of theory (B3LYP/TZV, BP86/TZV, OPBE/TZV), which gave consistent results. The more stable isomer by total energy and ligand field stabilization energy (LFSE) was trans(O5) which appeared in synthesis. The calculation of excited state energies complied with UV?Vis spectra, especially with OPBE functional. The results of excited state energy pointed out the differences among isomers in means of a splitting pattern of 1T2g excited state term. Both isomers have a strongly delocalized structure, according to the natural bonding orbital (NBO) analysis. NBO analysis shows that the trans(O5) isomer is more stable than trans(O5O6) for approx. 87 kJ/mol. Therefore, only the trans(O5) isomer is present in the reaction mixture.
Structural, vibrational and magnetic characterization of copper doped CoMn2O4 nano-particles synthesized by chemical route
Authors: Shashidharagowda H. , Mathad Shridhar , Abbigeri Megha
Published: January 2022

The Co1-xCuxMn2O4 samples were effectively synthesized by means of chemical
reagents and highly scalable co-precipitation technique. X-ray diffraction
investigation affirmed the tetragonal structure possessed by Co1-xCuxMn2O4
with crystal size ranging from 12 nm to 22 nm. The crystallite size and
micro strain values were correlated using Williamson-Hall plot and
size-strain plot method. SEM images showed highly porous, less dense,
agglomerated grains with grain size from 3.93 ?m to 13.73 ?m. Vibrational
characterization of the samples was completed using FTIR spectra and Raman
spectra which affirm the tetragonal structure. The magnetic characterization
demonstrates the ferromagnetic nature of the materials which varies with
copper substitution
PTPN2 Regulates the Interferon Signaling and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response in Pancreatic β-Cells in Autoimmune Diabetes
Authors: Elvira Bernat , Vandenbempt Valerie , Bauzá-Martinez Julia , Crutzen Raphaël , Negueruela Javier , Ibrahim Hazem , Winder Matthew L. , Brahma Manoja K. , Vekeriotaite Beata , Martens Pieter-Jan , Singh Sumeet Pal , Rossello Fernando , Lybaert Pascale , Otonkoski Timo , Gysemans Conny , Wu Wei , Gurzov Esteban N.
Published: January 2022

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from autoimmune destruction of β-cells in the pancreas. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are candidate genes for T1D and play a key role in autoimmune disease development and β-cell dysfunction. Here, we assessed the global protein and individual PTP profiles in the pancreas from nonobese mice with early-onset diabetes (NOD) mice treated with an anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. The treatment reversed hyperglycemia, and we observed enhanced expression of PTPN2, a PTP family member and T1D candidate gene, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones in the pancreatic islets. To address the functional role of PTPN2 in β-cells, we generated PTPN2-deficient human stem cell–derived β-like and EndoC-βH1 cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that PTPN2 inactivation in β-cells exacerbates type I and type II interferon signaling networks and the potential progression toward autoimmunity. Moreover, we established the capacity of PTPN2 to positively modulate the Ca2+-dependent unfolded protein response and ER stress outcome in β-cells. Adenovirus-induced overexpression of PTPN2 partially protected from ER stress–induced β-cell death. Our results postulate PTPN2 as a key protective factor in β-cells during inflammation and ER stress in autoimmune diabetes.
Ensihoitajien kokemuksia ikääntyneiden kaltoinkohtelusta
Authors: Salminen-Tuomaala Mari , Tiainen Juha , Paavilainen Eija
Published: January 2022

Ikääntyneiden kaltoinkohtelu ja heidän hoitonsa laiminlyöminen on globaali ongelma, joka on huolestuttavasti lisääntynyt viime vuosina. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli kuvata sairaalan ulkopuolisen ensihoidon työntekijöiden kokemuksia ikääntyneiden kaltoinkohtelun ilmenemisestä. Tavoitteena oli tuottaa tietoa kaltoinkohdeltujen ikääntyneiden hoitotyön kehittämiseksi. Tutkimusaineisto kerättiin Webropol-kyselynä yhden sairaanhoitopiirin ensihoitajilta sekä Suomen Ensihoitoalan Liiton kautta Suomessa toimivilta ensihoitoalan ammattilaisilta 1.11.2019–29.2.2020. Tutkimuskyselyyn osallistui 200 henkilöä. Kvalitatiivinen tutkimusaineisto analysoitiin induktiivisella sisällönanalyysillä ja kvantitatiivinen tutkimusaineisto SPSS for Windows 22 -ohjelmalla. Yli puolet (56 %) vastaajista oli kohdannut melko tai erittäin paljon ikääntyneiden kaltoinkohtelua ensihoitotehtävien yhteydessä. Ikääntyneiden kaltoinkohtelu ilmenee tutkimustulosten mukaan monimuotoisena. Ensihoitajien tunnistama ikääntyneiden kaltoinkohtelu on psykososiaalista, fyysistä, taloudellista ja teknologista. Lisäksi se ilmenee laiminlyönteinä perustarpeiden ja asumisolosuhteiden huomioimisessa sekä voinnin seuraamisessa ja sairauksien hoidossa. Kaltoinkohtelijana tai hoidon ja huolenpidon laiminlyöjänä on joko iäkkään ihmisen läheinen, usein omaishoitaja tai muu perheenjäsen, tai kotihoidon tai kotisairaanhoidon ammattilainen.
Experiences of elder abuse in out-of-hospital emergency care
Elder abuse and neglect are a global problem, which has increased alarmingly in recent years. The purpose of this study was to describe out-of-hospital emergency care providers’ experiences of elder abuse identification and forms of abuse, and the aim was to produce knowledge that can be used to develop care services for abused older people. The research data were generated between 1 January 2019 and 29 February 2020 with emergency care providers of one hospital district and with members of the Finnish Association of Paramedics and A & E Nursing Professionals across Finland using the Webropol survey tool. The study involved 200 participants. Qualitative data were analysed by inductive content analysis, while quantitative data were analysed using SPSS for Windows 22. More than half (56%) of the emergency care providers had encountered rather much or very much elder abuse in the context of emergency responses. According to the results, they had witnessed various forms of elder abuse. The abuse identified by the emergency care providers included psychosocial, physical, economic, and technological abuse. In addition, it involved neglecting the older people’s basic needs, and failing to attend to their living conditions, to observe their condition, and to care for their illnesses. The abuse and neglect of care and nursing needs was carried out by either persons close to the old person, often a family caregiver or other family member, or by home care or home nursing professionals.
Minimum Permissible Outdoor Air Flow Rate for Removing Substances from the Room Considering the Effect of the Harmful Action Summation
Authors:   ISPU, Sokolov A.K.
Published: January 2022

For the first time it was proposed when assessing safety of the air environment by the sum of relative concentrations of the harmful substances with the effect of summation of action, to consider not only the substances emitted in the room, but also other substances entering the room only with the supply air. To calculate minimum allowable intake air flow rate L, which ensures safety of the substances with the summation of the action, the formula is proposed, which is obtained by jointly solving the air safety conditions, and the dependences of the concentrations of harmful substances in the working area on the air flow rate, its contamination, and other factors. The example of an illustrative calculation of the minimum allowable intake air flow rate for three substances with a summation of the harmful effect is given. Of these, the first two substances are released in the room and come with the supply air, and the third substance enters the room only with the supply air. It is shown that when the air flow rate is found, the sum of the relative concentrations of three substances in the room is equal to one, that is, the safety condition is met at the limit. At the same time considering the substance in the supply air, which was not released in the room, required (in the example considered) an increase in the air consumption L by 20 %. Similar calculations L were performed based on the method of SP 60.13330.2020, according to which, when several harmful substances with the effect of summation of action are released in the room, the air exchange L should be determined by the sum of the air consumption Lв calculated for each substance. It was established that the expenses found by this method turned out to be 20–30 % less safe, therefore, they are not correct and do not ensure safety. The new method for calculating L, described in the article, is proposed to be considered in the regulatory documents.
On the Issue of Improving the Operational Safety of Industrial Structures Based on the Results of Nondestructive Testing
Authors:   Russian Academy of Engineering, Fedotov M.Yu. , Budadin O.N. ,   Joint Stock Company «Central Research Institute of Special Engineering», Kozelskaya S.O. ,   Joint Stock Company «Central Research Institute of Special Engineering»
Published: January 2022

The main methods of assessing critical defects of industrial structures are considered and analyzed, among which special attention is paid to the method based on the verification of non-destructive testing techniques in operating conditions of industrial structures close to real ones, as well as the method of assessing defects by risk criteria. It is shown that the main disadvantage of the known methods is the lack of a link between the types and characteristics of real defects and non-destructive testing methods that are optimal by one criterion or another for the control of industrial structures. A comprehensive experimental technique for determining the parameters of minimum defects in a real industrial structure made of polymer composite materials is proposed, which combines the advantages of using traditional methods and means of non-destructive testing with a probable approach, which together allow to identify the entire range of critical defects that directly affect the resource and operational safety of industrial structures. As the defects of the composite structure used to study the developed technique, spatial defects in the form of delamination between layers of reinforcing filler were considered, as the most critical from the point of view of the resource of the structure and the safety of its operation. Based on the results of experimental studies, it is established that for a specific structure it is advisable to determine the minimum values of defects geometric parameters. This, in turn, allowed to manufacture an appropriate standard sample with similar artificial defects, adjust the flaw detector to its parameters, and conduct non-destructive testing. It is experimentally confirmed that this approach allows to increase the reliability of non-destructive testing of industrial structures by identifying the entire spectrum of defects characteristic of the case under consideration, which directly affect the reliability, resource, and safety of their operation.
Exploring Aluminum Alloy Metal Matrix Composites in EDM Using Coupled Factor-level-present Worth Analysis and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process
Authors: Okponyia K.O. , Oke S.A.
Published: January 2022

This paper targets two improvement aspects of the electrical discharge machining (EDM) process. First, it formulates the EDM problem as an economic issue incorporating the present worth analysis into the factor-level framework and solves it with the performance analysis flow diagram. Second, it conceptualizes the EDM process as imprecision and uncertainty and solves it with the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) approach. At present, these methods are not accessible to the EDM process engineer to machine the work material, AA6061/10%Al2O3AMMCs. In this study, the EDM process application using these methods on AA6061/10%Al2O3AMMCs is considered. This paper investigates the use of fuzzy AHP multi-criteria and the present worth method to produce a structured approach to model multi-response problem of EDM process parametric optimization concerning composite named AA6061/10%Al2O3AMMCs to obtain a robust design and the best parametric selection. The selected performance measures for the inputs to attain the performance flow analysis using the present worth method are MRR = 17.932 to 31.753 mg/min, TWR = 0.171 to 0.289 mg/min, SR = 8.228 to 12.680 mm and OV = 0.292 to 0.406 mm. The performance flow analysis reveals a present with a value of 1.604 based on the equivalence analysis of the flow diagram's positive and negative sides. The FAHP results showed the enhanced values of 0.1051, 0.2290, and 0.6658 for peak current, pulse on time, and duty factor, respectively. The approach is novel and has not been implemented elsewhere to solve the problem for the combination of materials studied.
A cost-utility analysis of the impact of electronic nicotine delivery systems on health care costs and outcomes in Canada
Authors: Pound Catherine M. , Coyle Doug
Published: January 2022

Introduction

We determined the impact of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) on health outcomes and costs in Canada, based on their effect on smoking cessation and smoking initiation rates.

Methods

We used gender-specific Markov models to estimate lifetime discounted life years, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and smoking-related health care costs for cohorts of males and females aged 15 to 19 years, in scenarios in which (1) ENDS areavailable (status quo); (2) ENDS are completely unavailable; and (3) ENDS are available for smoking cessation through health care provider prescription, in addition to currently recognized smoking cessation tools. Analysis was from the perspective of a publicly funded health care system.

Results

Outcomes are expressed per 1000 individuals and based on expected values obtained through a Monte Carlo simulation of 10 000 replications. For males aged 15 to 19 years, life years, QALYs and smoking-related health care costs were 41 553, 35 871 and CAD 79 645 964, respectively, when ENDS were available; 41 568, 35 894 and CAD 79 645 960 when ENDS were unavailable; and 41 570, 35 897 and CAD 79 605 869 when ENDS were available through prescription only. For females, life years, QALYs and smoking-related health care costs were 43 596, 37 416 and CAD 69 242 856, respectively, when ENDS were available; 43 610, 37 438 and CAD 69 085 926 when ENDS were unavailable; and 43 611, 37 438 and CAD 69 076 034 when ENDS were available through prescription only. Thus, situations in which ENDS are unavailable, or available through prescription only are dominant over the status quo.

Conclusion

These results show that a policy change whereby ENDS were unavailable to the Canadian population or available through prescription only would likely increase population health and reduce health care costs.
EFL Learner’s Literary Competence Mapping through Reader-Response Writing Assessed using CCEA GCSE Mark Scheme
Authors: Suprayogi Suprayogi , Samanik Samanik , Novanti Elza Aqilla , Ardesis Yoana
Published: January 2022

Abstract: In literary education, literary competence lies in important position as it reflects students’ critical thinking ability to understand text as a whole and connect it to both their experience and social phenomenon. Recently, the research on literary competence focuses on the implementation of reader-response writing; however, it rarely highlights the importance of literary competence mapping through the quantification of the responses. This research aims at revealing the implementation of students’ literary competence mapping by using reader-response writing and The Council for the Curriculum Examinations and Assessment (CCEA) General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) Mark Scheme for literature subject for the assessment. Seven reader response strategies by Beach and Marshal (1991) were used as the framework. Selecting 21 students of English Literature in Prose Analysis class as the research object, this research employed qualitative descriptive method. The result shows, in completing seven reader responses, students provide various answers reflecting their ability to get into the stories. The students mostly find it difficult to describe setting of place and time and their influence to the plot of the story. In assessment process, several adjustments on distributing points of CCEA GCSE Mark Scheme for literature subject.  Mark Scheme in each strategy have been made. Almost half of the students are in the band 4 and band 5 meanwhile the rest of them are in band 2 and band 3. This research concludes that reader-response writing and CCEA GCSE Mark Scheme can be alternative to map the students’ literary competence. The research further suggest that the students should be exposed more on the analysis of setting and on the argumentation building on how they should provide sufficient reason and textual evidence. In addition, the lecturer should also emphasize the expected competence level the English Literature students should acquire.
Surface Modifications of Dental Implant and its Clinical Performance: A Review
Authors: Rahimi SN , Tengku Mohd Ariff TF , Affendi NHK , Ahmad R
Published: January 2022

Objectives: This review paper aims to provide an overview of various commercially available dental implant surface modifications and treatments, as well as their reported clinical performances. This knowledge would be useful for the practicing clinician in understanding the healing mechanism associated with each type of implant and in selecting the right type of implant for a specific clinical condition. Methods: An electronic search of literatures was performed in PubMed and Scopus database dated from January 1990 until July 2021. The search keywords were dental implant, surface modification, surface treatment, survival rate and/ or clinical performance as MeSH term. Only relevant studies that were published in English, journal article are summarized and discussed in this review. Results: In the last decade, implant surfaces were manufactured in a concerted effort to provide bone in a faster and improved osseointegration process. A variety of surface modifications have been developed and are currently being used to enhance clinical performance, including turned (machined), hydroxyapatite-coated surface, titanium plasma-sprayed, grit-blasted, acid-etched, anodization, laser-microtextured as well as combinations thereof.  Conclusion: Dental implant survival rate relies heavily on the successful integration into the jawbone. Geometry and surface topography are critical to the short- and long-term performance of dental implants. Implant surface modifications expedited osseointegration process, which in turn, early and immediate loading of dental implants has emerged as a viable alternative to the conventional loading protocol.
KEBIJAKAN PEMIMPIN NEGARA DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAIDAH FIKIH : TASARRUF AL-IMAM MANUTUN BIL MASLAHAH
Authors: Idrus Achmad Musyahid
Published: January 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menemukan jawaban terhadap geneologi akar kata kaidah تَصَرُّفُ الْأِمَاِم عَلَى الرَّاعِيَّةِ مَنُوْطٌ بِالْمَصْلَحَةِ, menemukan jawaban atas sumber perumusan kaidah ini dan menemukan jawaban terhadap prinsip kemaslahatan yang terkandung dalam sebuah prodak perundang-undangan negara. Pendekatan normatif terhadap nas Alquran dan hadis dan hasil ijtihad ulama, pendekatan sosiologis  serta pendekatan filosofis terhadap objek penelitian terkait kebijakan pemimpin negara dalam perspektif kaidah fikih تَصَرُّفُ الْأِمَاِم عَلَى الرَّاعِيَّةِ مَنُوْطٌ بِالْمَصْلَحَةِ. Hasil penelitian menemukan tiga hal penting yaitu; 1) geneologi akar kata kaidah ini yaitu; تَصَرُّف yang berarti memalingkan, الْأِمَاِم  berarti pemimpin, الرَّاعِيَّةِ berarti rakyat dan مَنُوْطٌ berarti diikat serta الْمَصْلَحَةِ  berarti kemaslahatan. 2) Sumber pembentukan kaidah تَصَرُّفُ الْأِمَاِم عَلَى الرَّاعِيَّةِ مَنُوْطٌ بِالْمَصْلَحَةِ berasal dari fatwa Imam Asy-Syafi’i, yaitu مَنْزِلَةُ اْلاِمَامِ مِنَ الرَّعِيِّةِ مَنْزِلَةُ الْوَلِىِّ مِنَ الْيَتِيْم. 3) Ada lima bentuk kemaslahatan dalam kaidah تَصَرُّفُ الْأِمَاِم عَلَى الرَّاعِيَّةِ مَنُوْطٌ بِالْمَصْلَحَةِ , yaitu kemaslahatan terhadap agama, kemaslahatan jiwa, kemaslahatan akal, kemaslahatan keturunan dan kemaslahatan harta.
Preliminary results regarding the seed yield of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) plants harvested at different stages of seed maturity
Authors: Biró-Janka Béla , Molnár Katalin , Székely Norbert , Nyárádi Imre-István
Published: January 2022

During the study, the characteristics of flower heads and seed yield of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) plants harvested at different stages of seed maturity (achenes from different types of heads – primary, secondary, and tertiary ramifications) were measured. The number of total flower heads (inflorescences), heads with mature seeds, and the diameter of heads with mature seeds and weight of seeds of the above mentioned fractions per plant were calculated. The results show that there are significant differences among treatments regarding several parameters. The plants were harvested when 90% of the heads formed on the primary ramifications and 75% of the heads formed on the secondary ramifications, having mature seeds superior to plants with 50% of the secondary heads with mature seeds.
Human Testosterone and Lactate Values from Flywheel Ergometry: Effect of Contractile Mode and Work Volume
Authors: Caruso John F. , Urquhart Melissa A. , Giebel Rachel M. , Barbosa Amanda G. , Craig Christy E. , Mason Melissa L. , Unruh Kayla D. , Borgsmiller Jake A. , Potter William T.
Published: January 2022

In-flight resistive exercise workouts are performed on novel flywheel-based hardware. Designs of such workouts may be better served by measuring changes to lactate and testosterone values. To make workouts pertinent to μg they should utilize unique features of flywheel-based hardware, such as the option to exert eccentric torque. Our study compares changes to blood lactate and testosterone concentrations ([BLa-], [T]) from leg press workouts that differ by contractile mode and work volume, on a flywheel ergometer. Subjects performed three workouts; two entailed two sets of concentric-eccentric (CE2) or concentric-only (CO2) actions. A third involved four sets of concentric-only actions (CO4). Workouts entailed eight-repetition sets with 90-second rest periods. Total work (TW) was quantified per workout. [T] were assessed, both pre- and post-exercise. [BLa-] were measured pre- and at 0-, 5-, 10-, 15-, and 20-minutes post-exercise. TW was assessed with a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). [BLa-] and [T] were evaluated with two- and three-factor ANOVAs, respectively. Scheffe’s test was our post-hoc. TW data had an inter-workout (CE2, CO4 > CO2) difference. [BLa-] included a two-way interaction as CO4 workouts evoked higher post-exercise values. Results for [T] produced gender (men > women) and time (post > pre) main effects. Our results imply flywheel-based workouts with a large volume of concentric actions evoke no greater increase in [T] than workouts with only half the muscle shortening activity, despite attainment of higher TW and post-workout [BLa-].
Antioxidant and antifungal activities of essential oils from Algerian spontaneous plants against five strains of Fusarium spp.
Authors: Elhouiti F. , Benabed K.H. , Tahri D. , Ouinten M. , Yousfi M.
Published: January 2022

The present study evaluates the antioxidant and antifungal effects of essential oils (EOs) from Thymus vulgaris, Thymus algeriensis, Mentha piperita, Mentha pulegium, Artemisia herba-alba and Artemisia campestris, on five strains of Fusarium. The chemical composition of EOs of T. vulgaris, T. algeriensis, A. herba-alba, M. piperita and M. pulegium is characterized by a dominance of the family of oxygenated monoterpenes with 73.85%, 59.41%, 70.01%, 60.01% and 87.2%, respectively. On the other hand, the EO of A. campestris showed a diverse composition by similar percentages between all families. The two strains BD17 and INRA 349 were found to be resistant to low concentrations of EOs from T. algeriensis, A. campestris and A. herba-alba, sensitive to EOs of M. pulegium and M. piperita and very sensitive to T. vulgaris EO (0.25 μl/ml). A high antioxidant effect was recorded by T. vulgaris EO in BCB assay with an effective concentration (0.5 mg/ml) 3 to 60 times higher compared to the other EOs tested. This antioxidant capacity of T. vulgaris EO was also recorded with DPPH assay at an EC50=1.41 mg/ml.
Temporary migration as a mechanism for lasting cultural change: evidence from Nepal
Authors: Janzen Sarah , Noray Savannah
Published: January 2022

When a husband migrates, his wife may control more household resources and therefore change how the household spends income. Given the prevalence of seasonal migration in developing countries, even these temporary changes could affect economic development. The extent to which these changes persist after migration spells will magnify these consequences. Using panel data on rural households in Nepal, we examine how a husband's migration interacts with intrahousehold decision-making and consumption patterns both during and after migration spells. We find that a husband's absence is associated with a 10 percentage point increase in the expenditure decisions over which the wife has full control. This coincides with a shift away from expenditures on alcohol and tobacco in favor of children's clothing and education. Importantly, we find that migrant husbands resume their role in decisions following their return, but decisions are more likely to be made jointly. These persistent effects are consistent with a model in which households are pushed to a new, more-equitable equilibrium and then are driven to form habits, which, in turn, cause the new equilibrium to stick, thus facilitating long-term cultural change in gender norms.
Review on Anastomotic Leak Rate after ICG Angiography during Minimally Invasive Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Yotsov Tsanko I. , Karamanliev Martin P. , Maslyankov Svilen I. , Dimitrov Dobromir D.
Published: January 2022

Colorectal cancer is the 3rd most common type of cancer worldwide. The most devastating complication after colorectal surgery remains the anastomotic leak (AL). Many techniques have been developed to reduce its rate. One such new method is perfusion angiography using indocyanine green (ICG). A literary search in PUBMED on 1.03.2021 for full-text English articles published between 2014 and 2021 was performed. ICG, colorectal cancer, and angiography were the keywords we used. The review was performed following the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The literature search yielded 27 results when searching the database of PUBMED with the above keywords. Twenty-one out of 27 identified articles were included. Six were excluded from the analysis – four case reports, one review on the evolution of treating gastrointestinal cancers, and one containing no information on AL rate with ICG. One included article was RCT, sixteen were cohort studies, and four were meta-analyses or reviews. All articles reported a reduction in the anastomotic leak rate. However, the reduction was significant only in nine of them. Anastomotic leak is a severe complication and a subject of extensive research. Perfusion angiography with ICG is a step towards predicting and preventing AL, although it does not guarantee success in all cases.
Central Bank Intervention in the Inflation Targeting
Authors: Krušković Borivoje D.
Published: January 2022

This paper analyses the impact of central bank interventions in the inflation targeting regime. The results of empirical studies in this paper show if there is a shock of the exchange rate, which would lead to depreciation of the exchange rate, a central bank may decide to mush instability on the foreign exchange market with foreign exchange interventions, thereby preventing the sudden exchange rate depreciation, which would then require a smaller reaction by the interest rate. Namely, through foreign exchange interventions, the central bank greatly absorbs the depreciation shock and, consequently, inflation is lower. As a result of lower price growth, the need for a monetary policy response to an interest rate is also lower. Based on this example, we can see that central bank intervention in some cases can be very useful in order to correct disturbances in the foreign exchange market. Therefore, some central banks accumulate foreign exchange reserves at a very high level so as to have enough space for foreign exchange intervention, without the risk of falling foreign exchange reserves below the optimum level.
Landscape Changes of Rural Protected Landscape Areas in Czechia: From Arable Land to Permanent Grassland – From Old to New Unification?
Authors: Janík Tomáš , Skokanová Hana , Borovec Roman , Romportl Dušan
Published: January 2022

The Czech rural landscape is a subject of research because it is affected by both intensification and extensification of land cover. This landscape was influenced in recent decades by political and socio-economic changes; we studied how these changes were reflected in the land cover development in protected areas. We selected ten Protected landscape areas (PLAs) with a significant share of open agricultural landscape and focused on land cover changes from the 1950s till the present with four milestones (1950s, 1990, 2004-2006, 2016-2019). Based on vectorised land cover data, analyses of land cover changes, land cover flows and landscape structure were performed.

More than one third of the studied area had changed. Forests dominated and enlarged its extent (from 39 % to 47 %); land cover flow (LCF) from arable land to permanent grassland was the largest process during study period (17% of study area) and it expanded after 1990. Other major LCF is forest spreading on permanent grassland (5 %) and arable land (3 %).

Trends of landscape metrics describing landscape structure are ambiguous and differ between PLAs. In total, Shannon’s diversity index (SDI), Shannon’s evenness index (SEI), and Mean Patch Size (MPS) increased and Number of Patches (NumP) decreased. SDI and SEI show improvement through time; however increasing anthropogenic areas are considered as factor contributing to this positive trend, despite the negative role of these categories in ecological stability. MPS and NumP show ongoing homogenization and unification of the landscape; however it differs between PLAs, with some having more favourable conditions and trends towards higher landscape heterogeneity.

To conclude, homogenous landscape structure remains present in Czech rural PLAs; however, there has been a huge shift to more extensive agricultural land cover, which is similar to some European protected areas.
Dansens dannende potensial
Authors: Olsen Birgitte Kaufmann
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this presentation is to communicate the main arguments from my master’s thesis, «The Liberal Learning Potential in Dance» (Olsen 2019). The thesis focuses on the potential and power that lies in dance and dance teaching in connection with liberal learning, defined as human growth at folk high schools. I present the four liberal learning potentials in dance that formed the basis for the thesis and their relation to the experiences of previous students, as well as the didactic thinking of my colleagues and I. This thesis brings new knowledge about what liberal learning in/through dance can be. This is of relevance both to the context of folk high school in particular and to the wider discussion of aesthetic subjects in society and the school system. Norwegian schools, like folk high schools, have a mission to facilitate human growth. This thesis is a voice that indirectly speaks of the place of dance in Norwegian schools and teacher education from a liberal learning perspective.
Pairing Degree-WH Clauses in Mandarin
Authors: Zhang Niina Ning
Published: January 2022

In Mandarin, if two-degree wh-question-like clauses are combined, the wh-phrases do not have a question reading. This paper argues that such a paired-wh declarative is an equative comparison construction, like the as…as equative in English, and the first clause denotes the standard of the comparison. Such declaratives, like a degree comparison construction, are derived by the occurrence of a comparison quantifier, and predicate abstraction applies to each clause. The paired wh-forms are the variables. This research shows that Mandarin does have degree quantificational comparison constructions, and it is possible for both clauses of a comparison construction to have a wh-form.
Efek Bahan Ajar IPA Terpadu Sistem Pernapasan dan Ekskresi Terintegrasi Strategi CTL pada Kinerja Akademik Siswa SMP
Authors: Sari Wiwit Mila , Asrizal* Asrizal , Afrizon Renol
Published: January 2022

The 21st century demands quality human resources and they have good performance. The goal of the 21st century is to produce people who have the ability to think critically, have strong character, and use information and communication technology. This ability can be developed in the integrated science learning process. However, the implementation of integrated science learning in schools and the integration of learning materials in integrated science books were still low. The solution to the problem was to use integrated science learning material of the excretory and respiratory system with a CTL strategy known as relating, experiencing, applying, cooperating, transferring or REACT. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of using science learning material on the theme of the integrated excretory and respiratory system with REACT strategy to develop the academic performance of grade VIII students. The design of this research was a non-equivalent control group design with only posttest. The subject in this research was grade VIII students of SMPN 8 Padang. The instrument for collecting data consists of three parts, namely a multiple-choice written test to measure knowledge, an observation sheet to measure attitudes, and a performance assessment sheet to measure discovery skills.Research data for aspects of knowledge, attitudes, and discovery skills have a normal distribution and homogeneous variance. For this reason, a two-mean comparison test for two independent sample groups was used to determine differences in academic performance for these three aspects.The important result of this research is that the use of integrated science learning material with REACT strategy of the excretory and respiratory system theme has a significant effect on the academic performance of students in terms of knowledge, attitudes, and discovery skills