bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real-World Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake and Predictors of Visual Inspection With Acetic Acid Positivity Among Women Living With HIV in Care Programs in Western Kenya
Authors: Mungo Chemtai , Orang'o Omenge , Ofner Susan , Musick Beverly , Yiannoutsos Constantin , Cohen Craig R. , Brown Darron , Wools-Kaloustian Kara , Semeere Aggrey
Published: February 2024

PURPOSE

To achieve the WHO cervical cancer elimination targets, countries globally must achieve 70% cervical cancer screening (CCS) coverage. We evaluated CCS uptake and predictors of screening positive at two public HIV care programs in western Kenya.

METHODS

From October 2007 to February 2019, data from the Family AIDS Care and Education Services (FACES) and Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH) programs in western Kenya were analyzed. The study population included women age 18-65 years enrolled in HIV care. Screening uptake was calculated annually and overall, determining the proportion of eligible women screened. Multivariate logistic regression assessed predictors of positive screening outcomes.

RESULTS

There were 57,298 women living with HIV (WLWHIV) eligible for CCS across both programs during the study period. The mean age was 31.4 years (IQR, 25.9-37.8), and 39% were on antiretroviral therapy (ART) at the first CCS-eligible visit. Of all eligible women, 29.4% (95% CI, 29.1 to 29.8) underwent CCS during the study period, 27.0% (95% CI, 26.5 to 27.4) in the AMPATH program, and 35.6% (95% CI, 34.9 to 36.4) in the FACES program. Annual screening uptake varied greatly in both programs, with coverage as low as 1% of eligible WLWHIV during specific years. Age at first screening, CD4 count within 90 days of screening, current use of ART, and program (AMPATH v FACES) were each statistically significant predictors of positive screening.

CONCLUSION

CCS uptake at two large HIV care programs in Kenya fell short of the WHO's 70% screening target. Screening rates varied significantly on the basis of the availability of funding specific to CCS, reflecting the limitations of vertical funding programs.
Nonlinear Landauer formula for thermal transport of the electrons
Authors: Dong S. H. , Jia K. X. , Liu X. Y. , Geng H. , Sheng L. , Xing D. Y.
Published: February 2024

The Landauer formula, originally formulated in the context of linear transport, has been a powerful tool for studying quantum devices. However, recent research has shown that extending its application to nonlinear and nonreciprocal transport is crucial for a more comprehensive understanding. In this work, we develop a nonlinear Landauer formula for thermal transport of the electrons and apply it to investigate thermal transport in graphene. Our study reveals intriguing phenomena especially in the presence of large temperature gradients and at low system temperatures. At these conditions, higher-order nonlinear currents emerge, indicating the significance of nonlinear effects in thermal transport. Unlike thermoelectric conductivity, thermal conductivity can be decomposed into intrinsic and extrinsic terms. This decomposition is based on whether the contributions rely on the derivative of the transmission coefficient with respect to energy. This nonlinear Landauer formula presented here serves as a valuable tool for future investigations into the intricate interplay between temperature gradients, system temperatures, and thermal transport in quantum devices.
Die Rückabwicklung der Verbraucherverträge nach Ausübung des Widerrufsrechts
Authors: Ζαπριάνος Νικόλαος
Published: February 2024

Η μελέτη πραγματεύεται την εκκαθάριση της σύμβασης αφότου ο καταναλωτής ασκήσει το δικαίωμα αναιτιολόγητης υπαναχώρησης. Ο συγγραφέας μελετά συγκριτικά την οδηγία για τα δικαιώματα του καταναλωτή με το σχέδιο ενός κοινού ευρωπαϊκού νόμου περί πωλήσεων. Το κύριο μέρος του έργου ασχολείται με τις έννομες συνέπειες της υπαναχώρησης, αρχικά στις συμβάσεις πώλησης και έπειτα στις συμβάσεις παροχής υπηρεσιών, την κατανομή των δαπανών και των κινδύνων καθώς και την αποζημίωση για μείωση της αξίας, ωφελήματα κ.λπ. Το έργο εξετάζει τα ζητήματα από την οπτική του γερμανικού δικαίου, λαμβάνει όμως επίσης υπόψη την αυστριακή έννομη τάξη. Η ιδιαίτερη συμβολή της μελέτης έγκειται στο ότι δεν περιορίζεται στην υπαναχώρηση, αλλά αξιοποιεί γόνιμα τα συμπεράσματα και προτείνει ένα ενιαίο σύστημα συμβατικής εκκαθάρισης για όλες τις συμβάσεις, ανεξαρτήτως της ιδιότητας των συμβαλλομένων ως καταναλωτών, ιδιωτών, εμπόρων κ.λπ. και ανεξαρτήτως του λόγου ο οποίος καθιστά αναγκαία την εκκαθάριση της σύμβασης, συμβάλλοντας στη δικαιοπολιτική συζήτηση.
Η συμβολή του φωτορεπορτάζ στη γνώση της ιστορίας εν τη γενέσει της
Authors: Καλλιγιάννη Χριστίνα
Published: February 2024

Στόχος της παρούσας διατριβής είναι να φέρει στο προσκήνιο το έργο των σύγχρονων φωτοδημοσιογράφων, στην Ελλάδα και τον κόσμο, αναδεικνύοντας πώς – μέσα από τις φωτογραφίες επικαιρότητας που μας κατακλύζουν καθημερινά – το κοινό αποκτά μια άμεση αντίληψη της ιστορίας την ώρα που αυτή γράφεται. Θεωρώντας απαραίτητη την αναφορά σε σημαντικά ιστορικά γεγονότα που αποτέλεσαν σημεία σταθμούς για την εξέλιξη τόσο του φωτογραφικού μέσου, όσο και του φωτογραφικού βλέμματος, η έμφαση δίνεται στο έργο που έχει παραχθεί από το μέσον του 20ου αιώνα και μέχρι την προσφυγική και μεταναστευτική κρίση του 2015-2016. Ξεκινώντας από τον πόλεμο του Βιετνάμ και όλα όσα η ιστορική αυτή συγκυρία σηματοδότησε για τη δημοσιογραφική εικόνα, την πρόσληψή της από το ευρύ κοινό και την επιδραστικότητά της, η ανάλυση εστιάζει στη δουλειά συγκεκριμένων φωτοδημοσιογράφων, σε διαφορετικές χρονικές στιγμές και ιστορικές συγκυρίες. Επιδιώκεται με τον τρόπο αυτόν να φανεί ο τρόπος με τον οποίο οι φωτογράφοι βλέπουν τον κόσμο, αλλά και η αποδοχή του έργου των φωτογράφων από το κοινό. Η ραγδαία εξέλιξη της τεχνολογίας και των μέσων επικοινωνίας και μετάδοσης αποτελεί έναν παράγοντα που – χωρίς να εξετάζεται ξεχωριστά – προκύπτει ωστόσο διαρκώς σαν καθοριστικός από τις μαρτυρίες των ίδιων ή των αναλυτών του έργου τους. Τελευταίος σταθμός της διαδρομής αυτής είναι η προσφυγική και μεταναστευτική κρίση του 2015-2016, συγκυρία που εξυπηρετεί δύο σημαντικούς στόχους: αφενός αποτέλεσε την αφετηρία επαναπροσδιορισμών ως προς την απεικόνιση όχι μόνο ανθρώπων αλλά και αντικειμένων, ανάγοντας τους συμβολισμούς σε βασικό στοιχείο του παραχθέντος έργου, αφετέρου αποτελεί ένα άριστο κεφάλαιο του έργου των Ελλήνων φωτοδημοσιογράφων που – λόγω του γεωγραφικού τους και γλωσσικού τους πλεονεκτήματος – ήταν άφθονο, ενδιαφέρον, δημοσιεύθηκε σε διεθνή μέσα και βραβεύθηκε με το σημαντικότερο βραβείο των επαγγελματιών του τύπου, το βραβείο Pulitzer το 2016. Στην πλοήγηση της διατριβής ανάμεσα σε διαφορετικά σημεία του χρόνου και του τόπου και το φωτογραφικό έργο που απαθανάτισε τα γεγονότα, δεν παραγνωρίζονται οι θεωρητικές προσεγγίσεις, που άλλοτε επιβραβεύουν και άλλοτε αμφισβητούν – κάποιες φορές μέχρι ακυρώσεως – το φωτοδημοσιογραφικό έργο. Η αναφορά στις θεωρητικές τοποθετήσεις, είτε για το έργο συγκεκριμένων δημιουργών είτε για το σύνολο της σύγχρονης φωτοδημοσιογραφίας, βοηθούν την έρευνα αφενός να εξετάσει πτυχές – θετικές ή όχι – που διαφορετικά θα διέφευγαν της προσοχής, αφετέρου να ισχυροποιήσει τη θέση της φωτοδημοσιογραφίας, αποδεικνύοντας την παραπλανημένη ή προκατειλημμένη θεωρητική αντιμετώπισή του.
The genome sequence of the Oak Beauty, Biston strataria (Hufnagel, 1767)
Authors: Boyes Douglas , Lees David C. , Holland Peter W.H. ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: February 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Biston strataria (the Oak Beauty; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Geometridae). The genome sequence is 424.0 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 16 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.61 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 18,406 protein coding genes.
The genome sequence of the Stripe-backed Dasysyrphus, Dasysyrphus albostriatus (Fallén, 1817)
Authors: Crowley Liam M. , Wawman Denise C. ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: February 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Dasysyrphus albostriatus (the Stripe-backed Dasysyrphus; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Syrphidae). The genome sequence is 662.5 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 5 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 17.55 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 12,259 protein coding genes.
Modeling of Specialized Training Curricula
Authors: Vasil'chenko N. , Lomakina Tat'yana , Pentin A.
Published: February 2024

The article focuses on the need to modernize approaches to organizing specialized education in high school in connection with the change in vectors of economic and technological development of the country, which are reflected in the latest decisions of the President and government of the Russian Federation. To achieve this task, an organizational and content model of specialized training is presented, which makes it possible to combine the goals of participants in educational relations, including the state, and the requirements of the regulatory framework of Russian education. The result of this combination is a curriculum for specialized training, examples of the compilation of which for a technological profile of an engineering orientation complete the article.
Assessment of Subject Results in the Russian Language in Primary School (Part 1)
Authors: Kuznetsova M.
Published: February 2024

The article discusses the features of the planned subject results recorded in the Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education 2021, the Federal Educational Program of Primary General Education 2023, the Federal Work Program for the academic subject "Russian Language" 2023. A correlation between the planned results and the most appropriate forms of their assessment. Criteria for evaluating frequently encountered forms are given, as well as examples of scoring. Particular attention is paid to assessing the achievements of students in the sections “Speech Development” and “Spelling and Punctuation”, since in terms of the number of results they are the most voluminous, and assessing the success of students in mastering the section “Speech Development” also presents additional difficulties for teachers. The approaches outlined can help teachers avoid excessive subjectivity when assessing the oral and written work of primary schoolchildren.
On the Socio-Economic Factors of Demographic Processes in the Regions of Modern Russia: Mortality
Authors: Basovskiy Leonid , Basovskaya Elena
Published: February 2024

The work attempts to identify the influence of regional socio-economic factors on demographic processes in modern Russia. The influence of these factors on mortality in the regions assessed. The possible influence of regional factors on mortality assessed by identifying the correlation between overall mortality rates in the region and regional economic and socio-economic indicators. The results obtained indicate that it is unlikely that income from business activities, social payments, and the spread of basic general education among the employed population will influence mortality in the regions. It is likely and possible that mortality will decrease under the influence of the growth of average per capita monetary income, median per capita monetary income of the population, and other monetary receipts. A decrease in mortality is possible under the influence of income growth in the fifth group (20% of the population with the highest incomes), under the influence of an increase in the level of education of the employed, the spread of higher and secondary general education among the employed population, and under the influence of the availability of medical care. Income from property and income in all groups of 20% of the population, except for the group with the highest incomes, can contribute to the increase in mortality; the spread of secondary vocational education among the employed population can also contribute to the increase in mortality. The obvious confirmed — policies to increase income levels, levels of education and access to medical care can help reduce mortality.
Navigating the landscape of Postpartum Depression: a comprehensive review
Authors: Panuciak Kinga , Pawlik Paweł , Trąbka Natalia , Demidowicz Gabriela , Lasek Patryk , Lasota Nina , Smerdzyński Maciej , Ściurka Kinga , Kowalczyk Klaudia , Kozicka Karolina
Published: February 2024

Introduction and purpose:

The joyous occasion of childbirth is often overshadowed by the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD), a complex mental health condition affecting mothers globally. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge on PPD, exploring its frequency, risk factors, pathogenesis, symptoms, and impact on maternal and child health.

Description of the State of Knowledge:

Recent studies indicate an alarming increase in PPD rates, with notable racial and socioeconomic disparities. Symptoms of PPD, ranging from mild to severe include mood disturbances, cognitive impairments, and self-harm ideation. The repercussions extend beyond the postpartum period, affecting long-term child development, breastfeeding practices, and the mother-infant bond. Advancements in screening tools, particularly the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), have facilitated early detection. However, creating an environment conducive to open communication about mental health remains a significant challenge. Interventions for PPD include psychotherapeutic approaches, pharmacological interventions, and complementary therapies. Brexanolone, the first FDA-approved drug for PPD, represents a significant breakthrough. Community-based and peer support programs, alongside a multidisciplinary approach involving healthcare professionals and support networks, have shown promise in alleviating PPD symptoms.

Summary:

In conclusion, PPD remains a substantial public health concern. Increased awareness of its multifaceted nature has led to improved screening, diagnosis, and intervention strategies. Ongoing dialogue, supportive environments, and refined treatments are essential for enhancing the well-being of both mothers and their infants in the postpartum period.
Does non-operative treatment of appendicitis can replace surgery? - literature overview
Authors: Mika Dawid , Turek Kamila , Greguła Anna , Kłos Aleksandra , Mazur Bartosz , Stachyrak Karol , Mazurek Aleksandra , Pawlicki Mateusz , Wilanowska Wiktoria , Lambach Maciej
Published: February 2024

Introduction and purpose
Acute appendicitis, a common surgical abdominal ailment, mostly affects individuals in their second or third decade of life, with an annual incidence of about 100 cases per 100,000 persons. This literature review aims to synthesize evidence from diverse sources, summarizing optimal practices for clinical implementation. Surgical intervention, achieving almost 100% cure rates, remains the gold standard, emphasizing challenges in patient qualification for non-surgical approachesNon-operative treatment, considered safe for uncomplicated cases, involves antibiotic therapy, with concerns about antibiotic resistance. Summarizing the current understanding of antibiotic therapy of appendicitis seeks to enhance its effective use, decrease adverse incidents in patients, and contribute to the overall safety of both patients and healthcare providers.
Material and methods
The following review of studies was based on articles obtained from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Key search terms included acute appendicitis, acute appendicitis conservative treatment, appendectomy, surgical abdominal diaseases, antibiothic therapy.
ConclusionsThe literature review highlights the existing challenges in the management of acute appendicitis, acknowledging the efficacy of both methods. While surgical intervention with high cure rates, the increasing popularity of non-operative therapy encourages optimism for comprehensive research in the future. The need for large, randomized studies comparing long-term clinical effectiveness is emphasized, aiming to inform decision-making and optimize patient outcomes.
Ekshumacja szczątków Marszałka Edwarda Śmigłego-Rydza. Wyniki badań
Authors: Szwagrzyk Krzysztof
Published: February 2024

On 2 December 1941, Marshal Edward Śmigły-Rydz, Commander-in-Chief of the Polish Armed Forces until September 1939, died in a safe house in German-occupied Warsaw. The unclear circumstances of his death and questions about the burial place gave birth to several conjectures and opinions, some of them quite sensationalist in nature. In 2021, the Institute of National Remembrance opened what was reported to be the Marshal’s grave in lot 139 in the Warsaw Powązki Cemetery. This paper gives an account of the exhumation and discusses the results of the subsequent medical and identification tests.
Historia y estructura de la Organización Mundial del Comercio
Authors: García-Matamoros Laura Victoria
Published: February 2024

Este primer capítulo está dedicado a la Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC o, en adelante, la Organización). En aras de un análisis comprensivo y consolidado de la materia se expondrán, en primer lugar, los antecedentes históricos de la Organización teniendo como linderos temporales 1948 y 1995 —lo cual no es óbice para referencias que escapen a dicho período—. Posteriormente, se estudiará la estructura de la OMC, sus funciones y el marco normativo sobre el cual se erigen. A manera de cierre, se propone un acápite crítico, visto desde la perspectiva del desarrollo.
Variasi Sebutan untuk Kucing dan Pemaknaannya dalam Akun Mention Confess (Menfess) @Kochengfs
Authors: Puspitaningsih Lestari , Monalisa Monalisa
Published: February 2024

Variations in the appellation of cat are created because cat is marked as something important for humans. One influential factor in the emergence of variations in the appellation is the existence of interaction spaces among cat lovers. One of them is menfess account @kochengfs. This research examines the various appellation for cat and their meanings in the menfess account @kochengfs. The purpose of this research is to describe the variation of appellations for cat and their meanings in the menfess account @kochengfs. This research is included in the qualitative descriptive research. This research uses a semiotic approach with the trichotomous relation theory from Peirce. The data source of this research comes from the mention confess (menfess) account @kochengfs with a corpus of research data in the form of 1,758 tweets taken from 17–24 February 2023. Based on the analysis, there are 214 tweets containing 37 appellations for cat. The appellations are dominated by icon signifying with a total of 24 appellations, then symbols with 12 appellations, and index only 1 appellation. Appellations with icon signifying are based on (a) body shape; (b) body hair; (c) voice imitation; (d) fur color; (e) teeth shape; and (f) physical characteristic.
Are GIC sealants as effective as composite sealants in caries prevention?
Authors: Matharu Aavan Kaur , Olegário Isabel Cristina
Published: February 2024

Fissure sealants (FS) are micro-invasive procedures that have proved to be effective in caries prevention in caries-free, first permanent molars. Within high-caries risk individuals, fissure sealants arrest the caries process in early caries lesions stages. Composite resin (CR) sealants have been recognized as the gold standard FS material; however, new evidence has emerged in relation to GIC sealants in their applicability and longevity. This review provides evidence-based information supporting the effectiveness of GIC sealants in caries prevention in comparison to CR sealants, by assessing their properties, methodology and utility in healthy and anomaly-affected teeth.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article will inform clinicians about the effectiveness of GIC sealants and CR sealants in caries prevention.
Theoretical considerations for root canal re-treatment
Authors: Yeng Thai
Published: February 2024

When considering performing root canal re-treatment, we must first consider why the original treatment failed. Failure of root canal treatments can occur when ideal technical standards for control of the root canal infection are not achieved. Sometimes, extra-radicular infection may prevent a successful treatment outcome. Teeth with post-treatment peri-apical infection can be managed by either non-surgical or surgical root canal re-treatment, both of which aim to restore health to the peri-apical tissues and prolong the survival of the tooth in the oral cavity.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Examples of different clinical circumstances that were considered for root canal re-treatment are presented.
Incidental finding of a horizontal root fracture when considering a tooth for root canal treatment
Authors: Amin Nadine , Qualtrough Alison
Published: February 2024

A 44-year-old female patient was referred to the restorative department at Manchester University Dental Hospital for root canal treatment of the maxillary right lateral incisor, which appeared to have a sclerosed root canal. The tooth had a history of trauma when the patient was 6 years old. A cone beam computed tomography scan of the tooth revealed an incidental finding of a transverse root fracture that was otherwise not visible on the peri-apical radiograph. This highlights the diagnostic challenge of peri-apical radiographs and emphasizes the value of three-dimensional imaging in endodontics. It also highlights the importance of timely referral and management of traumatic dental injuries to reduce the risk of complications in the future.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This case report emphasizes the value of three-dimensional imaging in diagnosis.
A technique for easy removal of excess resin cement
Authors: Farga-Niñoles Ignacio , Teris Mihaela
Published: February 2024

In the context of cementing indirect dental restorations, the inadvertent bonding of excess cement to adjacent teeth poses a multifaceted challenge, affecting aesthetics, periodontal health and chair time. Using PTFE tape as the sole method for isolation can be time consuming, and occasionally presents challenges. The approach described in this Technique Tip involves manually holding a matrix holder to safeguard neighbouring teeth from sandblasting and etching contamination, providing a pragmatic resolution to these issues. It seamlessly integrates with the established practice of using PTFE tapes to prevent unwanted bonding and cement attachment to adjacent teeth.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Combining PTFE and matrix bands optimises bonding of indirect ceramic restorations for periodontal health and efficiency.
Is ChatGPT a trusted source of information for total hip and knee arthroplasty patients?
Authors: Wright Benjamin M. , Bodnar Michael S. , Moore Andrew D. , Maseda Meghan C. , Kucharik Michael P. , Diaz Connor C. , Schmidt Christian M. , Mir Hassan R.
Published: February 2024

Aims

While internet search engines have been the primary information source for patients’ questions, artificial intelligence large language models like ChatGPT are trending towards becoming the new primary source. The purpose of this study was to determine if ChatGPT can answer patient questions about total hip (THA) and knee arthroplasty (TKA) with consistent accuracy, comprehensiveness, and easy readability.

Methods

We posed the 20 most Google-searched questions about THA and TKA, plus ten additional postoperative questions, to ChatGPT. Each question was asked twice to evaluate for consistency in quality. Following each response, we responded with, “Please explain so it is easier to understand,” to evaluate ChatGPT’s ability to reduce response reading grade level, measured as Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL). Five resident physicians rated the 120 responses on 1 to 5 accuracy and comprehensiveness scales. Additionally, they answered a “yes” or “no” question regarding acceptability. Mean scores were calculated for each question, and responses were deemed acceptable if ≥ four raters answered “yes.”

Results

The mean accuracy and comprehensiveness scores were 4.26 (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.19 to 4.33) and 3.79 (95% CI 3.69 to 3.89), respectively. Out of all the responses, 59.2% (71/120; 95% CI 50.0% to 67.7%) were acceptable. ChatGPT was consistent when asked the same question twice, giving no significant difference in accuracy (t = 0.821; p = 0.415), comprehensiveness (t = 1.387; p = 0.171), acceptability (χ2 = 1.832; p = 0.176), and FKGL (t = 0.264; p = 0.793). There was a significantly lower FKGL (t = 2.204; p = 0.029) for easier responses (11.14; 95% CI 10.57 to 11.71) than original responses (12.15; 95% CI 11.45 to 12.85).

Conclusion

ChatGPT answered THA and TKA patient questions with accuracy comparable to previous reports of websites, with adequate comprehensiveness, but with limited acceptability as the sole information source. ChatGPT has potential for answering patient questions about THA and TKA, but needs improvement.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(2):139–146.
A data-driven approach to understanding non-response and restoring sample representativeness in the UK Next Steps cohort
Authors: Silverwood Richard J. , Calderwood Lisa , Henderson Morag , Sakshaug Joseph W. , Ploubidis George B.
Published: February 2024

Non-response is common in longitudinal surveys, reducing efficiency and introducing the potential for bias. Principled methods, such as multiple imputation, are generally required to obtain unbiased estimates in surveys subject to missingness which is not completely at random. The inclusion of predictors of non-response in such methods, for example as auxiliary variables in multiple imputation, can help improve the plausibility of the missing at random assumption underlying these methods and hence reduce bias. We present a systematic data-driven approach used to identify predictors of non-response at Wave 8 (age 25–26) of Next Steps, a UK national cohort study that follows a sample of 15,770 young people from age 13–14 years. The identified predictors of non-response were across a number of broad categories, including personal characteristics, schooling and behaviour in school, activities and behaviour outside of school, mental health and well-being, socio-economic status, and practicalities around contact and survey completion. We found that including these predictors of non-response as auxiliary variables in multiple imputation analyses allowed us to restore sample representativeness in several different settings, though we acknowledge that this is unlikely to universally be the case. We propose that these variables are considered for inclusion in future analyses using principled methods to explore and attempt to reduce bias due to non-response in Next Steps. Our data-driven approach to this issue could also be used as a model for investigations in other longitudinal studies.
Alma Karlin and Alice Schalek Look East: Travel Writing by Central European Women in the Interwar Period
Authors: Drobe Christian
Published: February 2024

Abstract: The article takes a comparative look at Alma Karlin's and Alice Schalek's travelogues from Japan of the 1920s. Both women originated from the former Habsburg Empire and became successful journalists and writers. Their travelogues show the unabating engagement with Japonism, the exotic and the 'other', while introducing new phenomena of modernity, such as women's lives in the big city, into the orbit of travel literature. Although both women came from different social milieus in Central Europe and travelled for different reasons, in their evaluation of foreign cultures they arrive at similar conclusions. This article attempts to explain these conclusions with recourse to their working methods and strategies. Both writers operated in a global journalistic environment, which offered them good earning opportunities. Their many public lectures and the use of the medium of photography further underline the democratization and professionalization of travel writing. Personal hardships (in the case of Karlin) and the confrontation with unfamiliar upshots of modernity lead both women towards conservative stances in their evaluations. Der Aufsatz betrachtet vergleichend die Reiseberichte aus Japan, die Alma Karlin und Alice Schalek in den 1920er Jahren verfasst haben. Beide Frauen stammen aus dem ehemaligen Habsburger Reich und wurden zu erfolgreichen Journalistinnen und Schriftstellerinnen. Ihre Reiseberichte zeigen die fortgesetzte Auseinandersetzung mit dem Japonismus, dem Exotischen und 'Anderen'; zugleich führen sie neue Phänomene der Moderne, wie das Leben der Frau in der Großstadt, in den Diskurs der Reiseliteratur ein. Obwohl beide Frauen aus unterschiedlichen sozialen Milieus in Zentraleuropa kommen und aus unterschiedlichen Gründen reisten, kamen sie doch zu ähnlichen Ergebnissen in der Bewertung der fremden Kultur. Der vorliegende Beitrag versucht, diese Ergebnisse anhand ihrer Arbeitsweisen und Strategien zu erklären. Sie agierten beide in einem weltweiten journalistischen Netzwerk, das ihnen gute Erwerbsmöglichkeiten bot. Ihre vielen öffentlichen Vorträge und der Gebrauch des Mediums Photographie unterstreicht die Demokratisierung und Professionalisierung von Reiseberichten. Persönliche Notlagen im Falle Karlins und insgesamt die Notwendigkeit, immer wieder Phänomene der Moderne und Tradition aus westlicher Perspektive erklären zu müssen, führen beide Reiseschriftstellerinnen zu eher konservativ anmutenden Einschätzungen.
Words Matter: How College Students Use and Understand Terms Related to Dating and Sexual Violence
Authors: Linder Chris , Richards Jessie , Melton Heather , Griffiths Adrienne , Peters Charnell , Lund Hannah
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Dating and sexual violence (DSV) impact significant numbers of students on college and university campuses across the US (Cantor et al., 2019). Unfortunately, college students may not identify their experiences with DSV as such because the language they use to describe their experiences may differ from that used by university administrators in educational and policy materials. Utilizing case study methodology, we conducted 21 focus groups with 53 students and learned that students tend to describe their experiences through specific behaviors (e.g., manipulation and control) rather than terminology encompassing those behaviors (e.g., domestic violence). We provide an overview of the language students use to describe DSV and recommendations for improving policy and education as it relates to addressing DSV among college students.
"It's Not Therapy, But It Feels Right": A Duoethnography on Trauma and Healing in the Student Affairs Profession
Authors: Sergeev Pasha , Johnson Ahjah , Sorensen Erik
Published: February 2024

Abstract: In this duoethnography, the co-authors share their experiences and reactions to trauma as student affairs practitioners in the wake of a car and knife attack at Ohio State University. Our goal in sharing these stories is for readers to join us as collegiate educators in this journey of exploring trauma and the healing process. We want to continue normalizing conversations about trauma, acknowledge the differences in trauma healing due to existing systems of oppression, and encourage readers to consider how we can better support trauma survivors in higher education. We offer considerations for practice moving forward and hope that others can find support and affirmation through the conversations in this study.
Exploring Factors Affecting Students' Deep Approach to Learning in Higher Education: An Empirical Study
Authors: Yang Hui , Zhang Xixi
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Survey responses from 858 undergraduates were examined to determine the key factors affecting students' deep approach to learning at two public institutions. Principal component analysis was adopted to eliminate multicollinearity among factors and extract the key influencing factors. A robust multiple linear regression model was built to explore the collective and individual impacts of the key factors on students' deep approach to learning. Data analysis revealed that institutions should put emphasis on 13 key factors that had significant positive influences on students' deep approach to learning, with the strongest impact (β = 0.695, p < .001) coming from educational goals emphasizing synthesizing, analyzing, evaluating information or experience, and problem-solving; and the weakest impact (β = 0.014, p < .001) related to discipline.
India at 75: Replete with Contradictions, Brimming with Opportunities, Saddled with Challenges
Authors: Acharya Viral V.
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT: I present a perspective on where the Indian economy stands right now. I acknowledge the contradictions that have arisen given the divergent growth path of urban, formal or (stock-market) listed India relative to rural, informal or unlisted India. I also focus on the country's immense opportunities in expanding the digital footprint of finance to last-mile borrowers. I present novel facts on the rising industrial concentration, drawing out its historical evolution, the channels that have caused it to rise recently, and its implications for product price markups and inflation. I recommend that to restore industrial balance, India increase overall competition by reducing import tariffs and reduce the pricing power of its largest conglomerates. I also propose that to restore macroeconomic balance, India reduce fiscal deficit and public sector borrowing requirements as well as rein in inflation, address gaps in skills and education, and restore female labor force participation.
The Health Wedge and Labor Market Inequality
Authors: Finkelstein Amy , McQuillan Casey , Zidar Owen , Zwick Eric
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT: Over half of the US population receives health insurance through an employer with premium contributions creating a flat "head tax" per worker, independent of their earnings. This paper develops and calibrates a stylized model of the labor market to explore how this uniquely American approach to financing health insurance contributes to labor market inequality. We consider a partial-equilibrium counterfactual in which employer-provided health insurance is instead financed by a statutory payroll tax on firms. We find that, under this counterfactual financing, in 2019 the college wage premium would have been 11 percent lower, noncollege annual earnings would have been $1,700 (3 percent) higher, and noncollege employment would have been nearly 500,000 higher. These calibrated labor market effects of switching from head tax to payroll tax financing are in the same ballpark as estimates of the impact of other leading drivers of labor market inequality, including changes in outsourcing, robot adoption, rising trade, unionization, and the real minimum wage. We also consider a separate partial-equilibrium counterfactual in which the current head tax financing is maintained, but 2019 US health care spending as a share of GDP is reduced to the Canadian share; here, we estimate that the 2019 college wage premium would have been 5 percent lower and noncollege annual earnings would have been 5 percent higher. These findings suggest that health care costs and the financing of health insurance warrant greater attention in both public policy and research on US labor market inequality.
Visualizing cross-linguistic reading brains: Universality and interactive specificities
Authors: Lee Jun Ren , Kuo Wen-Jui , Lee Rose Ru-Whui , Tzeng Ovid J. L.
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT: The universality and specificity of cross-linguistic reading have always been a topic of interest to researchers. The earliest controversies started with the issue of whether speech recoding is required for reading non-alphabetic scripts, for example, Chinese and Kanji, whether it is possible to directly access the semantic meaning of a word from orthography without speech recoding, and whether reading non-alphabetic scripts relies on the right rather than the left brain. The abatement of these controversies began with a series of experiments by Ovid Tzeng and William Wang which raised the possibility of universality across different languages. To study how humans read, two kinds of operation must be considered: the human cognitive system and the structure of language. In this paper, we will take the original controversy of non-alphabetic scripts being different from alphabetic scripts in the 1970s as the starting point, and use the current research results of cognitive neuroscience to explain what kind of consensus has been reached right now. In addition, we will use tone as an important feature in the study of Chinese reading, and describe the current research results on tone to highlight the special characteristics of Chinese. Finally, we will propose future research directions. 摘要: 跨語言大腦功能運作的共通性以及特殊性最早期的爭議，起始於非拼 音文字的閱讀，如中文，是否需要語音轉錄，以及非拼音文字的閱讀 是否依靠右腦，而非左腦。這些當年爭議的消減，起始於曾志朗先生 以及王士元先生一系列實驗，提出了語言共通性的可能性。研究人類 如何閱讀，必須考慮兩種系統運作，一個是人類的認知系統，另一個 是語言的結構特性。雖然不同語言間的組字規則、語音結構、字形跟 語音的對應關係不同，但人的認知系統是一致的。整個討論的架構已 經從當年的「求異」，後來的「求同」，到現在的「從同中求異」。 在這一篇論文裡，我們將以當年的爭議為起點，以現在的認知神經科 學的研究成果，闡述當年的爭議，現在取得何種共識，並以聲調做為 中文研究裡的重要項目，說明現在聲調研究成果，藉以突出中文的特 殊性。最後，提出未來的研究建議。
Making some progress on the progressive aspect zài in Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Waltraud Paul , Yan Shanshan
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT: Taking into account data hitherto neglected, this article examines the progressive aspect zài 在 in Mandarin Chinese and related issues. We argue in favour of the constituency [AspP zài 在 [V- zhe 着]] and demonstrate important syntactic and semantic differences between the progressive aspect zài 在 and the durative aspect - zhe 着 . Importantly, unlike ‘ zài 在 V’, ‘V- zhe 着’ is only acceptable as the sole predicate in a root sentence when interpretable as a (derived) state. Otherwise, the presence of the progressive aspect zài 在 is required: ‘ zài 在 V- zhe 着’. This crucial role of zài 在 is often obscured by its phonological fusion ( haplology ) with the preposition zài 在 ‘at’ heading an immediately following prepositional phrase: NP [AspP zài 在 [VP [PP zài 在 NP] [V- zhe 着 NP]]] => NP ZÀI 在 NP V- zhe 着 NP. The presence/absence of an underlying progressive aspect zài 在 (having fused with the preposition zài 在) is reflected in the choice of negation. Since the progressive aspect zài 在 must be negated by méi 没, not bù 不, it follows that no underlying aspectual zài 在 is present when it is bù 不 that negates a VP with a zài 在 PP adjunct: NP bù 不 [VP [PP zài 在 NP] VP]. By contrast, when there is an underlying aspectual zài 在, the negation méi 没 is required, resulting in the surface sequence ‘NP méi 没 ZÀI 在 NP VP’. Finally, given that a subset of auxiliaries, some stative verbs as well as state-denoting ‘V- zhe 着’ are negated by méi 没, negation of ‘ zài 在 VP’ by méi 没 is compatible with the status of ‘ zài 在 VP’ as a state, hence able to be true at a moment. 摘要: 本文探讨迄今为止在汉语进行体标记“在”及相关研究方面被忽略的问 题。我们 赞成 进行体 “ 在 ” 和持续体 “ 着 ” 共现的句法结构为 [AspP 在 [V-着]]，并认为其体现了二者之间重要的句法和语义区别。不 同于“在 V”，当“V-着”表示派生的同质性状态时，它只在根句作为 主要谓词才会被接受。否则，进行体“在”需要出现。“在”的这一关 键性作用常常由于引导介词短语的与它语音融合的介词“在”的出现而 被掩盖。深层结构的进行体“在”的隐现反映在否定词的选择上。由于 进行体“在”必须被“没”否定，而非“不”，所以当“不”否定包含 “在 PP”附加语的 VP 时，进行体“在”不出现。相反，当进行体“在” 出现时，句子被否定时要求“没”出现，从而出现表层结构的顺序为 “NP 没 [[在 NP] VP]”。
Repairs Are Pending
Authors: Goswami Namita
Published: February 2024

Abstract: This essay responds to the polyphonic and prismatic reflections stemming from Subjects That Matter: Philosophy, Feminism, and Postcolonial Theory (2019), especially as the connective and creative works included in this forum seek holistic, profoundly interdisciplinary, and transcontinental discussions on intersectionality and philosophical practice. I seek vibrant, productive connections between diverse projects by attempting to engage a few salient aspects of these contributions as they intersect with the book’s overall stated aims, primarily because my interlocutors’s work leads out of the book rather than burrows into it. This is precisely the forum’s aspirational trajectory, for it showcases multiplicity, discontinuity, divergence, plurality, and profusion, not to dubiously claim the mantle of radicalism, but to move toward systemic change through the precarious, difficult, and essentially historical task of building coalitions. My hope remains that through these lovingly orchestrated moments of exegetical exchange, which confound and limit rather than insulate our habitual disciplinary lexicons, we may roil Eurocentric identity politics and its impoverished understanding of difference.
Moments of Meaning-Making IV: J–L
Authors: Bal Mieke
Published: February 2024

Abstract: The three short pieces below are part of an alphabetically ordered series of entries, which, together, will constitute a non-subject-centered autobiography. Professional memories are merged with personal ones. To underline the fragmentary nature of memory, I call them “vignettes.”
Remedios Varo: The World Beyond
Authors: Carson Margaret
Published: February 2024

Abstract: In 1956, as a young art critic, the Mexican philosopher Juliana González first encountered the paintings of the Spanish surrealist Remedios Varo at the artist’s breakthrough solo exhibition in Mexico City’s Galería Diana. González, greatly impressed, soon befriended the much older Varo and became a regular visitor to her studio, where they talked about her paintings and their shared intellectual interests in literature, psychoanalysis, and philosophy, a conversation that ended with Varo’s untimely death in 1963 at age 54. A few years later, González contributed this essay-homage to the 1966 catalog Remedios Varo . She opens with an evocation of Varo’s masterpiece, the triptych To the Tower , Embroidering the Earth’s Mantle and The Escape —a magnet for viewers at the recent “Surrealism Beyond Borders” exhibition in New York and London—and finds in it keys to the artist’s life and to her attempts through art “to flee this inexorable order toward another reality.” González’s close examination of the contradictions and ambiguities in Varo’s artistry, of “her wise, poetic humor,” and of her quest “to comprehend the universe” remains an essential read almost 60 years later. The catalog in which it first appeared is long out of print, and, to the best of my knowledge, González’s essay has never been republished in Spanish, making the text that follows as much an act of recovery as it is a translation.
Observation of dual-band bound states in the continuum emerging from Mie collective lattice resonances
Authors: Huang Rixing , Zhao Xueqian , Zhang Zhenrong , Li Guangyuan
Published: February 2024

Collective lattice resonances (CLRs) and bound states in the continuum (BICs) are two exciting approaches for achieving high quality factors in metasurfaces. BICs emerging from CLRs have raised great interest for not only the ultrahigh quality factors but also the nonlocal field enhancement. However, experimental demonstrations remain insufficient due to the material absorption or the inappropriate parameter design. Here we experimentally demonstrate dual-band symmetry-protected BICs emerging from Mie CLRs in all-dielectric metasurfaces. We attribute these dual-band BICs to the zero emission at Γ point for the in-plane electric quadrupole and out-of-plane magnetic dipole CLRs, respectively. Such BICs feature nonlocal field enhancement and convenient spectral tunability, which are inherent to CLRs. We expect such nonlocal metasurfaces supporting BICs to find applications especially in nanolasers, nonlinear optics, and biochemical sensing.
Neural-network-based carrier-less amplitude phase modulated signal generation and end-to-end optimization for fiber-terahertz integrated communication system
Authors: Huang Changle , Tao Li , Li Zhongya , Jia Junlian , Dong Boyu , Xing Size , Li Guoqiang , Shi Jianyang , Shen Chao , Li Ziwei , Chi Nan , Zhang Junwen
Published: February 2024

In fiber-terahertz integrated communication systems, nonlinear distortion and inter-symbol interference (ISI) will degrade transmission performance. Pre-compensation is an efficient method to handle the channel distortion as it can avoid noise boosting during channel compensation and reduce receiver side signal processing algorithmic complexity at user-end (UE) considering the asymmetric access scenario. In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a neural-network (NN)-based carrier-less amplitude phase (CAP) modulated signal generation and end-to-end optimization method for a fiber-terahertz integrated communication system. The CAP signal is generated directly from quadrature amplitude modulation symbols and pre-compensated through a transmitter NN, which allows the receiver to demodulate the signal with simple linear digital signal process (DSP). In generating the CAP signal, the NN based transmitter learns a group of filters, which can generate, up-convert, and pre-compensate the signals. Based on the proposed method, a fiber-terahertz integration access system at 220 GHz is demonstrated and a sensitivity gain of 1.2 dB is achieved at a transmission speed of 50 Gbps and the forward error correction (FEC) bit error rate (BER) threshold of 1 × 10−2 compared with the baseline after 10-km fiber transmission and 1-m wireless delivering.