bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tertiary Review on Explainable Artificial Intelligence: Where Do We Stand?
Authors: van Mourik Frank , Jutte Annemarie , Berendse Stijn E. , Bukhsh Faiza A. , Ahmed Faizan
Published: August 2024

Research into explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods has exploded over the past five years. It is essential to synthesize and categorize this research and, for this purpose, multiple systematic reviews on XAI mapped out the landscape of the existing methods. To understand how these methods have developed and been applied and what evidence has been accumulated through model training and analysis, we carried out a tertiary literature review that takes as input systematic literature reviews published between 1992 and 2023. We evaluated 40 systematic literature review papers and presented binary tabular overviews of researched XAI methods and their respective characteristics, such as the scope, scale, input data, explanation data, and machine learning models researched. We identified seven distinct characteristics and organized them into twelve specific categories, culminating in the creation of comprehensive research grids. Within these research grids, we systematically documented the presence or absence of research mentions for each pairing of characteristic and category. We identified 14 combinations that are open to research. Our findings reveal a significant gap, particularly in categories like the cross-section of feature graphs and numerical data, which appear to be notably absent or insufficiently addressed in the existing body of research and thus represent a future research road map.
Atezolizumab-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Patient with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Kim Hyuk , Shin Yoon E , Yoo Hye-Jin , Kim Jae-Young , Yoo Jeong-Ju , Kim Sang Gyune , Kim Young Seok
Published: August 2024

Background and Objectives: Immune check inhibitor (ICI) colitis is one of most common and adverse side effects of ICI. However, there was no case report of ulcerative colitis (UC)-mimicking colitis after atezolizumab use in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to our knowledge. Materials and Methods: We would like to introduce the case of a patient with Stage IV HCC who complained of abdominal pain, diarrhea and rectal bleeding after two cycles of atezolizumab/bevacizumab chemotherapy and was then diagnosed with UC-mimicking colitis. Results: Endoscopy revealed typical findings of UC, suggesting diagnosis of UC-mimicking colitis. The patient was treated with systemic steroids and oral mesalamine, which significantly improved his symptoms, which were also supported by endoscopic findings. The patient resumed chemotherapy with atezolizumab and bevacizumab without any interruption to the chemotherapy schedule. Conclusions: Early endoscopic evaluation is pivotal to diagnosing UC-mimicking colitis. If diagnosed, UC-based treatments such as steroids and mesalamine should be strongly considered. Given previous reports of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) flare-ups after immunotherapy, routine lower endoscopy, performed together with upper endoscopy before atezolizumab/bevacizumab therapy, is promising to patients.
Economical Experimental Device for Evaluating Thermal Conductivity in Construction Materials under Limited Research Funding
Authors: Fakra Damien Ali Hamada , Rakotosaona Rijalalaina , Ratsimba Marie Hanitriniaina , Randrianarison Mino Patricia , Benelmir Riad
Published: August 2024

African scientific research faces formidable challenges, particularly with limited access to state-of-the-art measurement instruments. The high cost associated with these devices presents a significant barrier for regional research laboratories, impeding their ability to conduct sophisticated experiments and gather precise data. This predicament not only hampers the individual laboratories but also has broader implications for the African scientific community and the advancement of knowledge in developing nations—the financial cost barrier considerably impacts the research quality of these laboratories. Reflection on technical and economical solutions needs to be quickly found to help these countries advance their research. In civil engineering, the thermal conductivity property is the most important measurement for characterizing heat transfer in construction materials. Existing devices (i.e., conductometers) in a laboratory are expensive (approximately EUR 30,000) and unavailable for some African laboratories. This study proposes a new and affordable device to evaluate thermal conductivity in construction materials. The method involves establishing a thermal flux between a heat source (from the Joule effect provided by steel wool where a current is circulating) and a cold source (generated by ice cubes) under steady-state conditions. The development of the cylindrical prototype is based on the comparative flux-meter method outlined in the measuring protocol of the ASTM E1225 standard document. Experiments were conducted on four distinct materials (polystyrene, wood, agglomerated wood, and rigid foam). The results indicate a correct correlation between the experimental values obtained from the newly developed prototype and the reference values found in the literature. For example, concerning the experimental polystyrene study, the detailed case analysis reveals a good correlation, with a deviation of only 4.88%. The percent error found falls within the acceptable range indicated by the standard recommendations of the ASTM E1225 standard, i.e., within 5% acceptable error.
Phenolic Constituents, Photoprotective Effect, and Antioxidant Capacities of Achillea ligustica All
Authors: Bouteche Azza , Touil Ahmed , Akkal Salah , Bensouici Chawki , Nieto Gema
Published: August 2024

The present investigation was performed to figure out the chemical constituents and biological potential of polar extracts (AcOEt and BuOH) from Achillea ligustica, a medicinal species of the Asteraceae family. Liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS) was utilized to conduct a preliminary analysis of the phytochemical profiles of the AcOEt and BuOH extracts. The analysis revealed the existence of twenty compounds in the AcOEt extract and twenty-two in the BuOH extract, classified into various types of secondary metabolites. Subsequently, the exudate from the plant yielded five flavonoids, including two 6-methoxyflavonols identified for the first time in this genus. The isolation of compounds from AcOEt and BuOH extracts was achieved through the combined use of column chromatography (silica gel and Sephadex LH-20) and preparative TLC chromatography. The structures have been elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, alongside comparisons with research data. Our study measured the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and carried out a comprehensive range of antioxidant tests using DPPH, GOR, CUPRAC, reducing power, and O-phenanthroline assays. Both extracts exhibited considerable antioxidant potential and contained high levels of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The photoprotective effect of the AcOEt and BuOH extracts was evaluated in vitro by measuring the sun protection factor. Both extracts exhibited a high capacity for UV radiation absorption. Consequently, this plant presents an intriguing prospect for future research focused on incorporating it into photoprotective cosmetic products and pharmaceutical formulations.
Toxicity and Sublethal Effects of Piper hispidinervum Essential Oil on Behavioral and Physiological Responses of Sitophilus zeamais Populations
Authors: Lopes Lucas M. , Sousa Adalberto H. de , Faroni Lêda R. A. , Silva Marcus V. de A. , Ferraz Maria S. S. , Santos Vanderley B. dos
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of Piper hispidinervum essential oil (PHEO) against 11 Brazilian populations of Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The effects of sublethal doses of PHEO on the behavior (walking and flying), respiration, and population growth (ri) of the insect populations were investigated. PHEO toxicity was determined through concentration–mortality bioassays, with mortality curves established using increasing PHEO concentrations ranging from 140.00 to 1000.00 μL kg−1. Behavior was evaluated based on walking distance, walking time, walking speed, walking time proportion, flight height, and flight takeoff success. Respiration was measured via the respiratory rate, while population growth (ri) was assessed through the instantaneous growth rate. All 11 populations of S. zeamais were susceptible to PHEO, showing no signs of resistance. The populations exhibited varying behavioral and physiological responses to sublethal exposure to PHEO, indicating different mitigation strategies. The results confirm that PHEO possesses insecticidal potential for controlling S. zeamais populations. However, the observed behavioral and physiological responses should be considered when establishing control measures in pest management programs for stored products.
Investigation into the Synergistic Effect of the Zinc Peroxide/Peroxymonosulfate Double-Oxidation System for the Efficient Degradation of Tetracycline
Authors: Li Shefeng , Zhang Yong , Ding Siyu , Li Xuli , Wang Wei , Dong Ningning , Nie Miaomiao , Chen Pei
Published: August 2024

The increasingly severe antibiotic pollution has become one of the most critical issues. In this study, a zinc peroxide/peroxymonosulfate (ZnO2/PMS) double-oxidation system was developed for tetracycline (TC) degradation. A small amount of ZnO2 (10 mg) and PMS (30 mg) could effectively degrade 82.8% of TC (100 mL, 50 mg/L), and the degradation process could be well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Meanwhile, the ZnO2/PMS double-oxidation system showed high adaptability in terms of reaction temperature (2–40 °C), initial pH value (4–12), common inorganic anions (Cl−, NO3−, SO42− and HCO3−), natural water source and organic pollutant type. The quenching experiment and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) characterization results confirmed that the main reactive oxygen species (ROS) was singlet oxygen (1O2). Moreover, three possible pathways of TC degradation were deduced according to the analyses of intermediates. On the basis of comparative characterization and experiment results, a synergistic activation mechanism was further proposed for the ZnO2/PMS double-oxidation system, accounting for the superior degradation performance. The released OH− and H2O2 from ZnO2 could activate PMS to produce major 1O2 and minor superoxide radicals (•O2−), respectively.
Synthesis of Hybrid Molecules with Imidazole-1,3,4-thiadiazole Core and Evaluation of Biological Activity on Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania donovani
Authors: Mijoba Ali , Parra-Giménez Nereida , Fernandez-Moreira Esteban , Ramírez Hegira , Serrano Xenón , Blanco Zuleima , Espinosa Sandra , Charris Jaime E.
Published: August 2024

The aim of this work was to obtain and evaluate, as antiprotozoals, new derivatives of benzoate imidazo-1,3,4-thiadiazole 18–23 based on the concepts of molecular repositioning and hybridization. In the design of these compounds, two important pharmacophoric subunits of the fexnidazole prototype were used: metronidazole was used as a repositioning molecule, p-aminobenzoic acid was incorporated as a bridge group, and 1,3,4-thiadiazole group was incorporated as a second pharmacophore, which at position 5 has an aromatic group with different substituents incorporated. The final six compounds were obtained through a five-step linear route with moderate to good yields. The biological results demonstrated the potential of this new class of compounds, since three of them 19–21 showed inhibitory activity on proliferation, in the order of 50%, in the in vitro assay against epimastigotes of T. cruzi (Strain Y sensitive to nifurtimox and benznidazole) and promastigotes of L. donovani, at a single concentration of 50 μM.
Cytotoxic Activity of Novel GnRH Analogs Conjugated with Mitoxantrone in Ovarian Cancer Cells
Authors: Markatos Christos , Biniari Georgia , Chepurny Oleg G. , Karageorgos Vlasios , Tsakalakis Nikos , Komontachakis Georgios , Vlata Zacharenia , Venihaki Maria , Holz George G. , Tselios Theodore , Liapakis George
Published: August 2024

The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor (GnRH-R) is highly expressed in ovarian cancer cells (OCC), and it is an important molecular target for cancer therapeutics. To develop a new class of drugs targeting OCC, we designed and synthesized Con-3 and Con-7 which are novel high-affinity GnRH-R agonists, covalently coupled through a disulfide bond to the DNA synthesis inhibitor mitoxantrone. We hypothesized that Con-3 and Con-7 binding to the GnRH-R of OCC would expose the conjugated mitoxantrone to the cellular thioredoxin, which reduces the disulfide bond of Con-3 and Con-7. The subsequent release of mitoxantrone leads to its intracellular accumulation, thus exerting its cytotoxic effects. To test this hypothesis, we determined the cytotoxic effects of Con-3 and Con-7 using the SKOV-3 human OCC. Treatment with Con-3 and Con-7, but not with their unconjugated GnRH counterparts, resulted in the accumulation of mitoxantrone within the SKOV-3 cells, increased their apoptosis, and reduced their proliferation, in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of 0.6–0.9 µM. It is concluded that Con-3 and Con-7 act as cytotoxic “prodrugs” in which mitoxantrone is delivered in a GnRH-R-specific manner and constitute a new class of lead compounds for use as anticancer drugs targeting ovarian tumors.
Improved Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Performance of Dealloying Fe75−xCoxSi12.5B12.5 Electrocatalyst
Authors: Zhong Si-Cheng , Cui Zhe , Li Jia , Tian Guang-Run , Zhou Zhong-Hong , Jiao Hong-Fei , Xiong Jie-Fu , Wang Li-Chen , Xiang Jun , Wu Fu-Fa , Zhao Rong-Da
Published: August 2024

The electrocatalytic performance of a Fe65Co10Si12.5B12.5 Fe-based compounds toward alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is enhanced by dealloying. The dealloying process produced a large number of nanosheets on the surface of NS-Fe65Co10Si12.5B12.5, which greatly increased the specific surface area of the electrode. When the dealloying time is 3 h, the overpotential of NS-Fe65Co10Si12.5B12.5 is only 175.1 mV at 1.0 M KOH and 10 mA cm−2, while under the same conditions, the overpotential of Fe65Co10Si12.5B12.5 is 215 mV, which is reduced. In addition, dealloying treated electrodes also show better HER performance than un-dealloying treated electrodes. With the increase in Co doping amount, the overpotential of the hydrogen evolution reaction decreases, and the hydrogen evolution activity is the best when the addition amount of Co is 10%. This work not only provides a basic understanding of the relationship between surface activity and the dealloying of HER catalysts, but also paves a new way for doping transition metal elements in Fe-based electrocatalysts working in alkaline media.
Analytical Inverse QCD Coupling Constant Approach and Its Result for αs
Authors: Malaspina Rocco , Pierini Lorenzo , Shekhovtsova Olga , Pacetti Simone
Published: August 2024

We propose a model for the QCD running coupling constant based on the analytical inverse QCD coupling constant concept with an additional regularization in the low momentum region. Analyticity in the q2-complex plane, where q is the four-momentum transfer, is imposed by methods of the Analytic Perturbation Theory. The model incorporates a peculiar low-momentum behavior for αs(q2) as a divergence at q2=0 to retrieve color confinement, without spoiling its correct high-momentum behavior. This was achieved by means of a two-parameter regularization function, for which we considered three possible analytic expressions. In fact, within the framework of the Analytic Perturbation Theory, αs(q2) assumes a finite value for q2=0, at all perturbative orders (infrared stability), hence the infrared divergence cannot be implemented. For this reason, we found it more straightforward to work with its reciprocal, namely, εs(q2)=1/αs(q2), imposing its vanishing at the origin of the q2-complex plane via the multiplication of the aforementioned regularizing functions and the spectral density. Once the two free parameters of the regularization functions were settled by fitting to the experimental values of αs(q2) at the momenta where these data were available and reliable, the model could reproduce the QCD running coupling constant at any other momentum transferred.
HYDROSAFE: A Hybrid Deterministic-Probabilistic Model for Synthetic Appliance Profiles Generation
Authors: Jaradat Abdelkareem , Alarbi Muhamed , Haque Anwar , Lutfiyya Hanan
Published: August 2024

Realistic appliance power consumption data are essential for developing smart home energy management systems and the foundational algorithms that analyze such data. However, publicly available datasets are scarce and time-consuming to collect. To address this, we propose HYDROSAFE, a hybrid deterministic-probabilistic model designed to generate synthetic appliance power consumption profiles. HYDROSAFE employs the Median Difference Test (MDT) for profile characterization and the Density and Dynamic Time Warping based Spatial Clustering for appliance operation modes (DDTWSC) algorithm to cluster appliance usage according to the corresponding Appliance Operation Modes (AOMs). By integrating stochastic methods, such as white noise, switch-on surge, ripples, and edge position components, the model adds variability and realism to the generated profiles. Evaluation using a normalized DTW-distance matrix shows that HYDROSAFE achieves high fidelity, with an average DTW distance of ten samples at a 1Hz sampling frequency, demonstrating its effectiveness in producing synthetic datasets that closely mimic real-world data.
A Simultaneous Measurement Sensor for Temperature and Curvature Based on Congruent Quasi-Helical Long-Period Fiber Grating
Authors: Sun Haoen , Gong Zaiqiang , Qin Xiangjie , Shen Wenhao , Ma Haiqin , Pan Qiuhong , Tong Chengguo , Yuan Cheng
Published: August 2024

This article presents a long-period fiber-grating sensor based on a congruent quasi-helical structure (CQH-LPFG) with the two-parameter measurement of both temperature and curvature. The CQH-LPFG sensor was manufactured using a high-frequency CO2 laser, and an innovative quasi-helical structure was introduced into the two-parameter measurement of the temperature and curvature of the optical fiber sensor with excellent results. The experiment and analysis demonstrate that the curvature sensitivities of the three resonance peaks in the 1440 nm to 1540 nm transmission spectrum were 11.88 nm/m−1, 8.05 nm/m−1, and 11.11 nm/m−1, and the curvature varied ranging from 0.156 m−1 to 0.494 m−1. The three resonance peaks showed temperature responsivities of 29.87 pm/°C, 24.65 pm/°C, and 36.85 pm/°C, respectively, and the linear fit was of excellent quality. In the case of measuring both curvature and temperature changes simultaneously, the resonant peak wavelength of the CQH-LPFG sensor was demodulated through matrix analysis, with dip A and dip C providing superior simultaneous measurements. These features make it a promising candidate for applications such as engineering machinery and the health inspection of buildings.
A Unique Time-Reversal Algorithm-Enabled Flexible Ultrasound Transducer with a Controllable Acoustic Field
Authors: Jia Lu , Yan Yingzhan , Xu Jing , Gao Yuan
Published: August 2024

Flexible ultrasonic devices represent a feasible technology for providing timely signal detection and even a non-invasive disease treatment for the human brain. However, the deformation of the devices is always accompanied by a change in the acoustic field, making it hard for accurate focusing. Herein, we report a stable and flexible transducer. This device can generate a high-intensity acoustic signal with a controllable acoustic field even when the device is bent. The key is to use a low-impedance piezoelectric material and an island-bridge device structure, as well as to design a unique time-reversal algorithm to correct the deviation of signals after transcranial propagation. To provide an in-depth study of the acoustic field of flexible devices, we also analyze the effects of mechanical deformation and structural parameters on the corresponding acoustic response.
Wearable Sensor-Based Assessments for Remotely Screening Early-Stage Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Johnson Shane , Kantartjis Michalis , Severson Joan , Dorsey Ray , Adams Jamie L. , Kangarloo Tairmae , Kostrzebski Melissa A. , Best Allen , Merickel Michael , Amato Dan , Severson Brian , Jezewski Sean , Polyak Steve , Keil Anna , Cosman Josh , Anderson David
Published: August 2024

Prevalence estimates of Parkinson’s disease (PD)—the fastest-growing neurodegenerative disease—are generally underestimated due to issues surrounding diagnostic accuracy, symptomatic undiagnosed cases, suboptimal prodromal monitoring, and limited screening access. Remotely monitored wearable devices and sensors provide precise, objective, and frequent measures of motor and non-motor symptoms. Here, we used consumer-grade wearable device and sensor data from the WATCH-PD study to develop a PD screening tool aimed at eliminating the gap between patient symptoms and diagnosis. Early-stage PD patients (n = 82) and age-matched comparison participants (n = 50) completed a multidomain assessment battery during a one-year longitudinal multicenter study. Using disease- and behavior-relevant feature engineering and multivariate machine learning modeling of early-stage PD status, we developed a highly accurate (92.3%), sensitive (90.0%), and specific (100%) random forest classification model (AUC = 0.92) that performed well across environmental and platform contexts. These findings provide robust support for further exploration of consumer-grade wearable devices and sensors for global population-wide PD screening and surveillance.
Application of a Multi-Layer Perceptron and Markov Chain Analysis-Based Hybrid Approach for Predicting and Monitoring LULCC Patterns Using Random Forest Classification in Jhelum District, Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Aftab Basit , Wang Zhichao , Wang Shan , Feng Zhongke
Published: August 2024

Land-use and land-cover change (LULCC) is a critical environmental issue that has significant effects on biodiversity, ecosystem services, and climate change. This study examines the land-use and land-cover (LULC) spatiotemporal dynamics across a three-decade period (1998–2023) in a district area. In order to forecast the LULCC patterns, this study suggests a hybrid strategy that combines the random forest method with multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and Markov chain analysis. To predict the dynamics of LULC changes for the year 2035, a hybrid technique based on multi-layer perceptron and Markov chain model analysis (MLP-MCA) was employed. The area of developed land has increased significantly, while the amount of bare land, vegetation, and forest cover have all decreased. This is because the principal land types have changed due to population growth and economic expansion. This study also discovered that between 1998 and 2023, the built-up area increased by 468 km2 as a result of the replacement of natural resources. It is estimated that 25.04% of the study area’s urbanization will increase by 2035. The performance of the model was confirmed with an overall accuracy of 90% and a kappa coefficient of around 0.89. It is important to use advanced predictive models to guide sustainable urban development strategies. The model provides valuable insights for policymakers, land managers, and researchers to support sustainable land-use planning, conservation efforts, and climate change mitigation strategies.
An Adaptive 3D Neighbor Discovery and Tracking Algorithm in Battlefield Flying Ad Hoc Networks with Directional Antennas
Authors: Yuan Yunjie , Ren Gongye , Cai Xingyu , Li Xuguang
Published: August 2024

Neighbor discovery and tracking with directional antennas in flying ad hoc networks (FANETs) is a challenging issue because of dispersed node distribution and irregular maneuvers in three-dimensional (3D) space. In this paper, we propose an adaptive 3D neighbor discovery and tracking algorithm in battlefield FANETs with directional antennas. With time synchronization, a flying node transmits/receives the neighbor discovery packets sequentially in each beam around it to execute a two-way handshake for neighbor discovery. The transmitting or receiving status of each discovery slot depends on the binary code corresponding to the identification of the node. Discovered neighbor nodes exchange their 3D positions in tracking slots periodically for node tracking, and the maximum tracking period is determined by node velocity, beamwidth, and the minimum distance between nodes. By configuring the relevant parameters, the proposed algorithm can also apply to two-dimensional planar ad hoc networks. The simulation results suggest that the proposed algorithm can achieve shorter neighbor discovery time and longer link survival time in comparison with the random scanning algorithm in scenarios with narrow beamwidth and wide moving area. When the frame length increases, the protocol overhead decreases but the average neighbor discovery time increases. The suitable frame length should be determined based on the network range, node count, beamwidth, and node mobility characteristics.
Melt-Extruded High-Density Polyethylene/Pineapple Leaf Waste Fiber Composites for Plastic Product Applications
Authors: Khumalo Mandla Vincent , Sethupathi Murugan , Skosana Sifiso John , Muniyasamy Sudhakar
Published: August 2024

This study examines the impact of Pineapple Leaf Fiber (PALF) loading on the properties of High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE)/PALF composites successfully produced through a melt extrusion process. The melt-extruded HDPE/PALF composites were characterized by their thermal and mechanical properties and their morphologies. Subsequently, adding 5% maleic anhydride (MA) to the HDPE/PALF composite formulation led to significant improvements in the mechanical strength properties. Moreover, adding 10 wt.% PALF and 5% MA to the composites improves the crystallinity (10.38%) and Young’s modulus (17.30%) properties and affects the thermal stability. The optimal formulation is achieved with 10 wt.% PALF filler incorporated into the HDPE composite. This study highlights the promising potential of HDPE/PALF composites for plastic product applications.
Barriers to Digital Services Trade and Export Efficiency of Digital Services
Authors: Wang Xiaomei , Zhang Jia , Zhu Yixin
Published: August 2024

An international rules system on digital trade that can satisfy multilateral interest appeal has not been formed yet despite the rapid growth of digital services trade. Using the panel data of 39 countries from 2010 to 2019, this study applied the stochastic frontier gravity model to analyze the influence of five types of barriers to digital services trade on the export efficiency of digital services. The research results show that infrastructure and connectivity barriers had no significant effect on the export efficiency of digital services. The barriers to electronic transactions and other barriers that affected the trade of digital services were conducive to improving the export efficiency of digital services. In contrast, the barriers to payment systems and intellectual property rights had a restraining effect on the export efficiency of digital services. The results also show that most countries were more efficient when exporting digital services to their major trade partner countries, which indicates a demand-driven characteristic. Based on these conclusions, we propose five recommendations that are helpful to enhance the export efficiency of digital services.
Impact of Operating Scale on Factor Inputs in Grassland Animal Husbandry—Intermediary Effects Based on Market Risk
Authors: Xue Chen , Du Fulin , Yong Mei
Published: August 2024

The Chinese government has made the realization of sustainable development in grassland animal husbandry an important policy objective, and achieving a reasonable input of production factors is the key to realizing that goal. Based on the assumption of “rational economic man”, this study measures the economically optimal inputs and actual input bias of production factors, and constructs an econometric model focusing on analyzing the impact of operation scale on the factor input bias. The results indicate that herdsmen deviate from the economically optimal production input levels in forage, labor, and machinery, with the degree of bias decreasing as the livestock size or pasture size expands. Furthermore, it is established that market risk plays a role in mediating the impact of operation scale on the bias of variable production factors. Overall, large-scale herding households have a smaller bias in factor inputs, and should be promoted to operate on an appropriate scale, while paying attention to the prevention of market risk and the enhancement of information symmetry between herders and factor markets.
Possibility of Implementing Large-Scale Solar Desalination System in the Republic of South Africa
Authors: Msomi Velaphi
Published: August 2024

This paper examines the viability of introducing solar thermal desalination technology as a means to supplement existing water production methods in the Republic of South Africa (RSA). The study provides an overview of the current state of desalination technology in the country. A key aspect of this study involves comparing the RSA with the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, using publicly available studies and reports. The focus of this comparison is to highlight the potential implementation of large-scale solar desalination in the RSA by evaluating the respective resources and environmental data that directly impact the input and output of a thermal desalination system. The study comparatively analyzes the environmental conditions and seawater salinity of the RSA and the MENA region. The RSA receives a higher solar irradiation range of 4.5–6.5 kWh/m2, whereas the MENA region experiences a range of 3.5–5.5 kWh/m2. Additionally, the salinity of the RSA’s seawater ranges between 35 and 35.5 parts per thousand, which is lower than the MENA region’s range of 36–40 parts per thousand. The study also reviews and proposes the adoption of an emerging thermal desalination method that has been successfully tested in the MENA region and other countries, based on its performance.
Innovative Techniques for Electrolytic Manganese Residue Utilization: A Review
Authors: Larbi Andrews , Chen Xiping , Khan Suliman Muhammad , Fangheng Tang
Published: August 2024

Electrolytic Manganese Residue (EMR) is a secondary material generated during the process of manganese production, poses significant environmental challenges, including land consumption and contamination threats to soil and water bodies due to its heavy metal content, soluble manganese, ammonia nitrogen, and disposal issues. This review thoroughly examines EMR, emphasizing its metallurgical principles, environmental impacts, and sustainable treatment methods. We critically analyze various approaches for EMR management, including resource recovery, utilization of construction materials, and advanced treatment techniques to mitigate its environmental challenges. Through an extensive review of recent EMR-related literature and case studies, we highlight innovative strategies for EMR valorization, such as the extraction of valuable metals, conversion into supplementary cementitious materials, and its application in environmental remediation. Our findings suggest that integrating metallurgical principles with environmental engineering practices can unlock EMR’s potential as a resource, contributing to the circular economy and reducing the environmental hazards associated with its disposal. This study aims to deepen the understanding of EMR’s comprehensive utilization, offering insights into future research directions and practical applications for achieving sustainable management of electrolytic manganese waste. Finally, we propose some recommendations to address the issue of EMR, intending to offer guidance for the proper disposal and effective exploitation of EMR.
POLICY DIRECTIONS FOR OPTIMIZING REGIONAL OWNED BUSINESS ENTITIES MANAGEMENT FOR INCREASING REGIONAL INCOME BASED ON GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Authors: Heryanto Bambang , Lubis Efridani L , MM Muhajir , Riyanto Slamet , Fh Fauziah
Published: August 2024

Badan Usaha Milik Daerah (Local Government Enterprise/LGE) is appointed to increase locally generated revenue (PAD) refer to Government Regulation No. 54/2017. However, some of those enterprises did not contribute significantly, for example LGE in Kota Bekasi. The root cause of the failure according to Financial Supervisory Agency (BPK) at least due to six factors: (1) governance system, (2) LGE Development Planning has not been well elaborated so that clear to everyone; (3) No clear vision and mission of LGE; (4) no transperancy in staffing recruitment especially for directors and commissioners; (5) low respond for business permit; and (6) lack of capital. Using qualitative method, the study focus on what the key policy for optimalize LGE management to meet statutory order. Using study document supporting with interview, observation, and documentation, the result of the study shows that the key policy is in four aspect, i.e.: (1) good corporate governance arrangement; (2) clear staff recruitment arrangement; (3) clear evaluation procedur; and (4) profit use arrangement. The recommendation based on the study is further study in different local government could be drawing the picture of the problem comprehensively.
EFFECT OF PRODUCTIVE ZAKAT DISTRIBUTION ON IMPROVING THE STANDARD OF LIFE OF MUSTAHIK IN BEKASI CITY BAZNAS
Authors: Asmawi Muhammad
Published: August 2024

Zakat is an obligation for Muslims. Zakat is a social worship that is intended as an equalizer. Zakat is also a tool that can be used to eliminate the income gap between those who are well off and those who still feel deprived. As we know, productive zakat can be used by mustahik in developing his business so as to increase income and improve his standard of living, even removing himself from a mustahik to become a muzaki. Because, with this productive zakat distribution pattern, BAZNAS will be more careful in studying the problem of poverty which can be caused by a lack of working capital, no job opportunities and a lack of education as a concept of planning and implementation. With this productive zakat distribution pattern, it is hoped that it can help the community in alleviating poverty by increasing the standard of living of its mustahik. The contract used by BAZNAS in Bekasi city is a grant contract, namely giving free of charge to mustahik.
Zakat adalah sebuah kewajiban bagi ummat Islam. Zakat merupakan suatu ibadah sosial yang diperuntukan sebagai pemerata. Zakat juga merupakan salah satu alat yang dapat dipergunakan untuk menghilangkan kesenjangan pendapatan antara yang berkecukupan dengan yang masih merasa kekurangan. Seperti kita ketahui seharusnya zakat produktif dapat dipergunakan oleh mustahik dalam mengembangkan usahanya sehingga meningkatkan pendapatan dan meningkatkan taraf hidupnya, bahkan mengeluarkan dirinya dari mustahik menjadi seorang muzaki. Karena, dengan pola pendistribusian zakat produktif ini, BAZNAS akan lebih cermat dalam mengkaji persoalan kemiskinan yang bisa disebabkan karena kurangnya modal kerja, tidak adanya kesempatan kerja dan minimnya pendidikan sebagai konsep perencanaan dan pelaksanaan. Dengan pola pendistribusian zakat produktif ini diharapkan dapat membantu masyarakat dalam mengentaskan kemiskinan dengan cara meningkatkan taraf hidup para mustahiknya.. Adapun akad yang dipakai BAZNAS kota Bekasi adalah akad hibah yaitu pemberian secara cuma-cuma kepada mustahik.
SHARIA INSURANCE POST PANDEMIC COVID-19
Authors: Harahap Yulia Sari , Sabrina Difa , Rahil Gusfa , Noor Dzulfikri
Published: August 2024

Insurance for modern society is viewed as a need to ensure self-protection and property from the impending doom. The islamic insurance presence is one of the choices of the Muslim community, as the perception of sharia insurance is one of the future costs of investment. The process of claims made by disaster is all on the sharia insurance mechanism. Therefore, it is aimed at the development of sharia insurance in Indonesia and its mechanism and problems in the post of the covid-19 pandemic. The research method used was an earlier research method which was included in the library study method. It is hoped that with the full support of the government's literacy insurance growing and that people will also use sharia insurance products and that non-muslims will also be able to use sharia insurance products and benefit from using them.
Asuransi bagi masyarakat modern dianggap sebagai kebutuhan untuk menjamin perlindungan diri dan harta benda dari musibah yang akan datang. Kehadiran asuransi syariah menjadi salah satu pilihan masyarakat muslim, karena persepsi masyarakat terhadap asuransi syariah merupakan salah satu cara investasi untuk menghadapi resiko di masa yang akan datang. Proses klaim peserta yang tertimpa musibah/bencana semua terdapat pada mekanisme asuransi syariah. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan asuransi syariah di Indonesia serta mekanisme dan problematikanya pada pasca pandemi covid-19. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian terdahulu yang mana termasuk dalam metode studi Pustaka. Diharapkan dengan dukungan penuh pemerintah literasi masyarakat mengenai asuransi syariah meningkat dan masyarakat juga menggunakan produk asuransi syariah bahkan nantinya bukan hanya masyarakat muslim saja yang menggunakan tapi juga masyarakat non-muslim juga dapat menggunakan produk asuransi syariah dan mendapatkan keuntungan dan manfaat menggunakannya.
Kualitas Pelayanan BPJS Kesehatan di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Pratama Muchti Yuda , Yustina Ida , Nurmaini Nurmaini , Zulkarnain Zulkarnain
Published: August 2024

This study aims to analyze the quality of BPJS Health services during the COVID-19 pandemic at the Mampang Health Center based on the dimensions of Tangible, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance and Empathy. This research design uses a quantitative approach with a descriptive type of research. The location of this research is the Mampang Public Health Center, Kotapinang District, South Labuhanbatu Regency. Based on the results of the research conducted by researchers on 150 respondents who were patients or participants who visited the Mampang Public Health Center, Kotapinang District using BPJS Health, the results were (88.6%) rated moderate on Tangible dimensions, (85.7%) assessed on the Reliability dimension, (94.3%) rated it moderate on the Responsiveness dimension, (82.9%) rated it moderate on the Assurance dimension, and (97.1%) rated yes it meets the Empathy dimension. None of the respondents' statements stated that the quality of service was poor even though they were BPJS users.
Pengaruh Latihan Range of Motion terhadap Intensitas Nyeri pada Pasien Post Operasi Fraktur di RSUD Dr. Pirngadi Medan
Authors: Yazid Budiana , Sidabutar Rina Rahmadani
Published: August 2024

Range of motion exercises in postoperative fracture patients can improve blood circulation, reduce pain and accelerate wound healing. If the pain that is felt is not handled properly, the patient will feel afraid when he will move, and cause blood circulation to the part that is being operated on is not smooth. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of range of motion exercises on pain intensity in postoperative fracture patients. This research method uses a one group pretest post test design, this study does not have a control group but in this research design initial observations (pre-test) have been carried out. The sampling technique used in this research is total sampling. Bivariate test using paired t-test. Where the p-value is 0.000 <0.05, which means that there is an effect of range of motion exercises on pain intensity in postoperative fracture patients.
Tinjauan Pelaksanaan Contractor Safety Management System (CSMS) pada Proyek Insulation di Petrochina International Jabung Ltd. Geragai
Authors: Rizti Mitha Pricilia , Aswin Budi , Hubaybah Hubaybah
Published: August 2024

Contractors working on projects must have a CSMS to ensure their safety and health so that the  work process runs smoothly. SKK Migas' 2016 sustainability report shows that by applying the CSMS method for contractors, the number of work accident victims in 2016 decreased by 33.8% from 2015. Therefore this study aims to analyze the description of the implemention of the Contractor Safety Management System (CSMS) Implementation At PetroChina International Jabung Ltd. Geragai By CV. Ekacipta Global Radian. Methods of The type of research used is descriptive qualitative. With K3 supervisor research informants Petrochina International Jabung Ltd, K3 manager CV. RGE, and employees of CV. RGE in the field. Data collection technique with In-depth Interview. Data analysis techniques with data reduction, data presentation, discussion of analysis and drawing conclusions. Commitment management at CV. RGE has been implemented properly and adequately. The CSMS program has been effective in accordance with its objectives and has led to targets set in terms of quantity, but in terms of quality it needs further improvement. Risk control has been implemented in the field where CV. RGE has created a JSA and inspected the site before work started well in advance. Safe behavior measures have also been implemented by CV. RGE by putting up K3 posters, holding safety meetings every morning before starting work, providing training to employees. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is also sufficient. Each employee receives his own PPE and is responsible for his PPE.
Pengalaman Perilaku Remaja tentang Kesehatan Reproduksi pada Masa Covid-19 di SMK Raflesia Depok 2023
Authors: Johara Johara , Ita Ita , Wicaksono Hendik
Published: August 2024

Teenagers' lack of knowledge about reproductive health can cause various problems with their reproductive health. Reproductive health is important for all groups, especially teenagers. Reproductive health is the guidance of physical, mental or social disabilities, not just the absence of disease or disability but all matters related to the reproductive system, its functions and processes. Understanding reproductive health for teenagers is very important. Many problems will arise if teenagers do not have good knowledge about reproductive health. The Covid-19 pandemic is a difficult situation for all people in the world. There are many behavioral adaptations that people make to survive. This situation has a quite serious impact on access to health services, the economy and social life of the community. This condition also affects the reproductive health of teenagers. This is a type of descriptive qualitative research. This research was carried out in stages and over a certain period of time. Researchers try to collect data through interviews and observations by going directly to the field to meet informants. The data obtained will be presented in the form of descriptive words to make it easier to understand according to what is obtained in the field. Apart from describing it in words, researchers also present data in the form of research photographs to emphasize and clarify the results of the research. Researchers describe the experience of adolescent behavior regarding reproductive health during the Covid-19 period at SMK Raflesia Depok 2023.
Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan Terhadap Pencegahan Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) Pada Anak Usia Sekolah
Authors: Suhariati Hindyah Ike , Ruliati Ruliati
Published: August 2024

One of the main health problems that occurs in Indonesian society today is dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Mosquito bites of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus often occur during the rainy season which is the cause of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Every year the incidence of this disease can appear as well as affect the entire age group. Efforts to eradicate Mosquito Nests (PSN) especially by school-age children is still not optimal. In East Java within a period of nine months, from January to September 2022, there were 8,894 cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of Health Education on the prevention of dengue fever in school-age children in Candimulyo State Elementary School 1. Research design using Quasi Experiment (Pre and Post test design ), in this study there was a treatment group. The population in this study was all school-age children who came from grade 5 at Candimul State Primary School 1, using simple random sampling technique. The sample in this study was 40 children. Analysis of paired data (pre and post test) on dengue prevention variables used Wilcoxon sign rank te test with an error rate (α) of 0.05. The results showed that more than half of dengue prevention before counseling was less than 22 people (56.1%), more than half of the prevention DHF after counseling was given good as many as 22 people (56.1%), wilcoxon test results were obtained p = 0.00 < α (0.05) which means that H1 was accepted and HO was rejected. Conclusions in the study is the effect of health education on the prevention of dengue fever in school-age children at Candimulyo State Elementary School 1.
Pengetahuan dan Sikap Remaja tentang Mitigasi Bencana Hidrometeorologi melalui Program SABAR di Sungai Iyu Kecamatan Bendahara Aceh Tamiang
Authors: Sitohang Nur Asnah , Asiah Nur , Oktari Rina Suryani
Published: August 2024

Indonesia is a country with the second largest level of disaster vulnerability in the world after Bangladesh. Almost every year disasters occur in Indonesia. Indonesia, as a disaster-prone country, must have volunteers who are able to provide services to reduce disaster risks. These volunteers have a big role in reducing the risk of disasters. Nurses in providing disaster nursing services can go through programs to increase community resilience. The natural flood disaster that Aceh Tamiang residents just experienced occurred in November 2022. Sungai Iyu Village is one of the areas affected by flooding. The location of SMP Negeri 1 was flooded to a height of 1.5 meters. So the learning process had to be stopped. People took refuge on the side of the road which was safe from flooding. There is no permanent community gathering point yet. The aim of the research is to identify the knowledge and attitudes of SMPN 1 Bendahara students regarding disaster mitigation before and after the SABAR Program training. The aim of the research is to identify the knowledge and attitudes of SMPN 1 Bendahara students regarding disaster mitigation before and after the SABAR Program training. The research design that has been used is descriptive. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. The data analysis that has been used is univariate. The majority of research results regarding adolescent knowledge before the SABAR program training was sufficient (51.4%) and good (24.3%), after training it was sufficient (27%) and good. The majority of teenagers' attitudes before the training agreed (54.1%) and strongly agreed (24.3%) and after the training agreed (51.4%) and strongly agreed (45.9%). Research proves that the SABAR training program can increase teenagers' knowledge and attitudes towards hydrometeorological disaster mitigation.