bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mercapturate Pathway in the Tubulocentric Perspective of Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Gonçalves-Dias Clara , Morello Judit , Correia M. João , Coelho Nuno R. , Antunes Alexandra M.M. , Macedo Maria Paula , Monteiro Emília C. , Soto Karina , Pereira Sofia A.
Published: January 2019

Background: The recent growing evidence that the proximal tubule underlies the early pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is unveiling novel and promising perspectives. This pathophysiological concept links tubulointerstitial oxidative stress, inflammation, hypoxia, and fibrosis with the progression of DKD. In this new angle for DKD, the prevailing molecular mechanisms on proximal tubular cells emerge as an innovative opportunity for prevention and management of DKD as well as to improve diabetic dysmetabolism. Summary: The mercapturate pathway (MAP) is a classical metabolic detoxification route for xenobiotics that is emerging as an integrative circuitry detrimental to resolve tubular inflammation caused by endogenous electrophilic species. Herein we review why and how it might underlie DKD. Key Messages: MAP is a hallmark of proximal tubular cell function, and cysteine-S-conjugates might represent targets for early intervention in DKD. Moreover, the biomonitoring of urinary mercapturates from metabolic inflammation products might be relevant for the implementation of preventive/management strategies in DKD.
Co-Occurring Symptoms Contribute to Persistent Fatigue in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Feng Li Rebekah , Fuss Timothy , Dickinson Kristin , Ross Alexander , Saligan Leorey N.
Published: January 2019

Purpose: Cancer-related fatigue is one of the most debilitating side effects of cancer and cancer therapy. We aimed to investigate co-occurring symptoms associated with persistent fatigue in men receiving external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for nonmetastatic prostate cancer. Methods: A sample of 47 men with prostate cancer scheduled to receive radiotherapy (RT) were followed at baseline and 1 year after RT. Clinical and demographic data were obtained from chart review. Symptom measurements included urinary dysfunction (American Urological Association symptoms score), fatigue (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Fatigue questionnaire), sleep disturbance (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System – Sleep Disturbance form), pain (physical well-being domain pain item of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – General), and depressive symptoms (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale). Paired t tests, correlations, general linear models, and logistic regressions were used to determine associations between fatigue and other symptom scores. Results: At 1 year after RT, 34% of subjects continued to experience fatigue. Urinary dysfunction was the best clinical predictor of persistent fatigue. Pain and depressive symptoms further improved the predictive power of the model. A multivariate linear regression model containing all these three clinical variables (urinary dysfunction, pain, and depressive symptoms) explained 74% of total variance associated with persistent fatigue after RT. Conclusions: Persistent fatigue at 1 year after EBRT in prostate cancer survivors is likely related to a cluster of symptoms elicited by chronic inflammation. Therapies that target each of these symptoms will likely reduce fatigue in this patient population.
Viral Exploration of Negative Acute Febrile Cases Observed during Chikungunya Outbreaks in Gabon
Authors: Simo Tchetgna Huguette  , Sem Ouilibona Rita  , Nkili-Meyong Andriniaina Andy , Caron Melanie , Labouba Ingrid , Selekon Benjamin , Njouom Richard , Leroy Eric M. , Nakoune Emmanuel  , Berthet Nicolas
Published: January 2019

Non-malarial febrile illness outbreaks were documented in 2007 and 2010 in Gabon. After investigation, these outbreaks were attributed to the chikungunya and dengue viruses (CHIKV and DENV). However, for more than half of the samples analyzed, the causative agent was not identified. Given the geographical and ecological position of Gabon, where there is a great animal and microbial diversity, the circulation of other emerging viruses was suspected in these samples lacking aetiology. A total of 436 undiagnosed samples, collected between 2007 and 2013, and originating from 14 urban, suburban, and rural Gabonese locations were selected. These samples were used for viral isolation on newborn mice and VERO cells. In samples with signs of viral replication, cell supernatants and brain suspensions were used to extract nucleic acids and perform real-time RT-PCR targeting specific arboviruses, i.e., CHIKV, DENV, yellow fever, Rift Valley fever, and West Nile and Zika viruses. Virus isolation was conclusive for 43 samples either on newborn mice or by cell culture. Virus identification by RT-PCR led to the identification of CHIKV in 37 isolates. A total of 18 complete genomes and 19 partial sequences containing the E2 and E1 genes of CHIKV were sequenced using next-generation sequencing technology or the Sanger method. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete genomes showed that all the sequences belong to the East Central South Africa lineage. Furthermore, we identified 2 distinct clusters. The first cluster was made up of sequences from the western part of Gabon, whereas the second cluster was made up of sequences from the southern regions, reflecting the way CHIKV spread across the country following its initial introduction in 2007. Similar results were obtained when analyzing the CHIKV genes of the E2 and E1 structural proteins. Moreover, study of the mutations found in the E2 and E1 structural proteins revealed the presence of several mutations that facilitate the adaptation to the Aedes albopictus mosquito, such as E2 I211T and E1 A226V, in all the Gabonese CHIKV strains. Finally, sequencing of 6 additional viral isolates failed to lead to any conclusive identification.
Characterization of the Hippocampal Neuroimmune Response to Binge-Like Ethanol Consumption in the Drinking in the Dark Model
Authors: Grifasi Isabella R. , McIntosh Scot E. , Thomas Rhiannon D. , Lysle Donald T. , Thiele Todd E. , Marshall S. Alex
Published: January 2019

Objectives: Alcohol dependence leads to dysregulation of the neuroimmune system, but the effects of excessive alcohol consumption on key players of the neuroimmune response after episodic binge drinking in nondependence has not been readily assessed. These studies seek to determine how the neuroimmune system within the hippocampus responds to binge-like consumption prior to dependence or evidence of brain damage. Methods: C57BL/6J mice underwent the drinking in the dark (DID) paradigm to recapitulate binge consumption. Immunohistochemical techniques were employed to determine the effects of ethanol on cytokine and astrocyte responses within the hippocampus. Astrocyte activation was also assessed using qRT-PCR. Results: Our results indicated that binge-like ethanol consumption resulted in a 3.6-fold increase in the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β immunoreactivity in various regions of the hippocampus. The opposite effect was seen in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Binge-like consumption resulted in a 67% decrease in IL-10 immunoreactivity but had no effect on IL-4 or IL-6 compared with the water-drinking control group. Moreover, astrocyte activation occurred following ethanol exposure as GFAP immunoreactivity was increased over 120% in mice that experienced 3 cycles of ethanol binges. PCR analyses indicated that the mRNA increased by almost 4-fold after one cycle of DID, but this effect did not persist in abstinence. Conclusions: Altogether, these findings suggest that binge-like ethanol drinking prior to dependence causes dysregulation to the neuroimmune system. This altered neuroimmune state may have an impact on behavior but could also result in a heightened neuroimmune response that is exacerbated from further ethanol exposure or other immune-modulating events.
Optimizing the Diagnostic Role of Alpha-Fetoprotein and Abdominal Ultrasound by Adding Overexpressed Blood mRNA Matrix Metalloproteinase-12 for Diagnosis of HCV-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Elshimi Esam , Sakr Mostafa Abdel-Samed Mostafa , Morad Wesam Saber , Mohammad Lobna
Published: January 2019

Background and Aims: Matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) is involved in tumor invasiveness and metastasis and significantly overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues. We aimed to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of blood mRNA MMP-12 overexpression in patients with HCC. Patients and Methods: From January 2017 to June 2017, 100 patients with HCC (HCV-related cirrhosis) and 100 patients with HCV-related cirrhosis (without HCC) were included in this study. All patients were subjected to triphasic CT abdomen when indicated, liver profile, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and molecular characterization of metalloproteinase-12 expression. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between both groups regarding CBC parameters and liver profile (p value > 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between patients with and without HCC regarding blood mRNA MMP-12 overexpression (p value < 0.01), blood mRNA MMP-12, and/or AFP (sensitivity 84.0%, specificity 60.0%, PPV 51.2%, and NPP 88.2%). The accuracy of mRNA MMP-12 and/or AFP in detection of HCC was 68.0%. Conclusion: Blood mRNA MMP-12 has a good sensitivity and a bad specificity but is accurate in HCC diagnosis. Adding blood mRNA MMP-12 to AFP optimizes the current screening program to improve early diagnosis of HCC and hence better prognosis.
Cardiovascular Outcomes in African Americans with Sickle Cell Trait and Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Olaniran Kabir O. , Eneanya Nwamaka D. , Allegretti Andrew S. , Zhao Sophia H. , Achebe Maureen M. , Thadhani Ravi I.
Published: January 2019

Background: Sickle cell trait (SCT) is common among African Americans and has been historically considered to be benign. Recently, SCT has been associated with an increased risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease in the general population. Our understanding of SCT has been extrapolated largely from data of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Notably, in SCD, the outcomes differ by sex. The effect of SCT on cardiovascular risk in the African American CKD population is unknown, and the interaction between SCT and sex on cardiovascular risk has not been investigated. Methods: We performed a 2-center retrospective cohort study of all African American patients with SCT using international classification of disease diagnosis codes and CKD (using the 2012 Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria) with at least 1 year of follow-up between January 2005 and December 2017. A reference group of ­African American CKD patients without SCT was used as a comparator during the same period. SCT patients and the reference patients were matched at baseline for age, sex, comorbidities, and proteinuria. Primary outcomes were incident coronary artery disease (CAD), incident stroke, and all-cause mortality. Analysis of effect modification between sex and SCT on primary outcomes was performed. Results: We identified 621 African American CKD patients, 217 SCT patients, and 404 reference patients. The mean age was 56 ± 13 years and 66% were female. The mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was 69 ± 30 mL/min. The mean follow-up time was 8 ± 4 years. There were no significant differences in the primary outcomes comparing SCT patients to matched controls. The interaction term between SCT and sex, however, was significant in the CAD model (p < 0.01). Stratification by sex showed no increased risk in females but a significantly increased risk for CAD in male SCT patients (hazard ratio [HR] 2.14; 95% CI 1.18–3.86), which persisted after multivariable analysis (HR 2.13; 95% CI 1.17–3.86). Conclusion: SCT is associated with an increased risk for CAD in African American males with CKD. The excess risk in males with SCT appears to follow the same pattern as risk in males with SCD. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Proteomic Landscape of Aldosterone-Producing Adenoma
Authors: Swierczynska Marta M. , Betz Matthias J. , Colombi Marco , Dazert Eva , Jenö Paul , Moes Suzette , Pfaff Cécile , Glatz Katharina , Reincke Martin , Beuschlein Felix , Donath Marc Y. , Hall Michael N.
Published: January 2019

Primary aldosteronism is a disease of excessive production of adrenal steroid hormones and the most common cause of endocrine hypertension. Primary aldosteronism results mainly from bilateral adrenal hyperplasia or unilateral aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA). Primary aldosteronism cause at the molecular level is incompletely understood and a targeted treatment preventing excessive adrenal steroid production is not available. Here, we perform deep quantitative proteomic and phosphoproteomic profiling of 6 pairs of APA and adjacent nontumoral adrenal cortex. We show that increased steroidogenesis in APA is accompanied by upregulation of steroidogenic enzymes (HSD3B2, CYP21A2, CYP11B2) and of proteins involved in cholesterol uptake (LSR). We demonstrate that HSD3B2 is phosphorylated at Ser95 or 96 and identify a novel phosphorylation site, Ser489, in CYP21A2, suggesting that steroidogenic enzymes are regulated by phosphorylation. Our analysis also reveals altered ECM (extracellular matrix) composition in APA that affects ECM-cell surface interactions and actin cytoskeleton rearrangements. We show that RHOC, a GTPase controlling actin organization in response to extracellular stimuli, is upregulated in APA and promotes expression of the aldosterone synthase gene
CYP11B2
. Our data also indicate deregulation of protein N-glycosylation and GABAergic signaling in APAs. Finally, we find that mTORC1 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1) signaling is the major pathway deregulated in APA. Our study provides a rich resource for future research on the molecular mechanisms of primary aldosteronism.
Deep Vascular Phenotyping in Patients With Renal Multifocal Fibromuscular Dysplasia
Authors: Bruno Rosa Maria , Marais Louise , Khettab Hakim , Lorthioir Aurélien , Frank Michael , Jeunemaitre Xavier , Laurent Stéphane , Boutouyrie Pierre , Azizi Michel
Published: January 2019

Arterial fibromuscular dysplasia is a nonatherosclerotic, noninflammatory vascular disease, whose pathophysiology is still unknown. We performed deep image-based vascular phenotyping of nonaffected arteries to look for systemic vascular alterations in fibromuscular dysplasia. This single center cross-sectional study included 50 patients with multifocal renal fibromuscular dysplasia, 50 hypertensive patients, and 50 healthy controls, matched for age, sex, and ethnicity; hypertensive patients were matched also for blood pressure. Brachial artery endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent dilation were studied by echotracking. Aortic stiffness was assessed by carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity. We quantified the presence of supernumerary acoustic interfaces within the common carotid wall by the triple signal (TS) score. We plotted the Young incremental elastic modulus/stress curves for common carotid artery, derived from echotracking and tonometry. Patients with fibromuscular dysplasia had impaired endothelium-independent dilation (adjusted
P
=0.002), smaller brachial artery diameter but comparable endothelium-dependent dilation and aortic stiffness. The prevalence of TS score >6 was 56%, 40%, 24% in patients with fibromuscular dysplasia, hypertensives, and controls, respectively (
P
=0.005). Fibromuscular dysplasia remained significantly associated with TS in the multiple regression model (
P
=0.022). Impaired endothelium-dependent dilation was present only in patients with fibromuscular dysplasia, TS score >6 (
P
=0.047). Incremental elastic modulus was higher for a given wall stress (80 kPa) in the presence of a TS score >6, especially in fibromuscular dysplasia. In conclusion, nonclinically affected large- and medium-sized arteries in patients with multifocal renal fibromuscular dysplasia exhibit a cluster of diffuse alterations in smooth muscle cell function, arterial geometry, wall characteristics, and mechanical properties.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01935752
Determinants of Case Fatality After Hospitalization for Stroke in France 2010 to 2015
Authors: Gabet Amélie , Grimaud Olivier , de Peretti Christine , Béjot Yannick , Olié Valérie
Published: January 2019

Background and Purpose—

The aims of this study were to (1) describe early and late case fatality rates after stroke in France, (2) evaluate whether their determinants differed, and (3) analyze time trends between 2010 and 2015.

Methods—

Data were extracted from the Système National des données de santé database. Patients hospitalized for stroke each year from 2010 to 2015, aged ≥18 years, and affiliated to the general insurance scheme were selected. Cox regressions were used to separately analyze determinants of 30-day and 31- to 365-day case fatality rates for each stroke type (ischemic, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage).

Results—

In 2015, of the 73 124 persons hospitalized for stroke, 26.8% died in the following year, with the majority of deaths occurring within the first 30 days (56.9%). Nonadmission to a stroke unit, older age, and having comorbidities were all associated with a poorer 30-day and 31- to 365-day prognosis. Female sex was associated with a lower 31- to 365-day case fatality rate for all patients with stroke. Living in an area with a high deprivation index was associated with both higher 30-day and 31- to 365-day case fatality rates for all stroke types. Between 2010 and 2015, significant decreases in both 30-day and 31- to 365-day case fatality rates for ischemic patients were observed.

Conclusions—

Case fatality rates after stroke remained high in 2015 in France, despite major improvements in stroke care and organization. Improvement in stroke awareness and preparedness, particularly in the most deprived areas, together with better follow-up after the acute phase are urgently needed.
New species of Bauhinia (Cercidoideae: Leguminosae) from Thailand
Authors: CHATAN WANNACHAI , PROMPROM WILAWAN
Published: January 2019

Bauhinia thailandica, a new species in the tribe Cercideae, subfamily Cercidoideae in the Leguminosae collected from the Northeast of Thailand, is described and illustrated. It is similar to B. acuminata and B. hirsuta but easily distinguished by their habits, indumentum, floral bud, hypanthium, petal and bud. The distinguishing characters of these three species are discussed. A key to Bauhinia species in Thailand is included.
Ichneumonid (Hymenoptera) parasitoids of overwintering Hyphantria cunea (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) pupae in hazelnut plantations of the central Black Sea region of Turkey
Authors: SULLIVAN G. T. , KARACA I. , OZMAN-SULLIVAN S. K. , KOLAROV J.
Published: January 2019

Overwintering pupae of the phytophagous lepidopteran pest Hyphantria cunea (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) were collected from 38 hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) plantations in Samsun province, Turkey. Five species of ichneumonids, Virgichneumon dumeticola (Gravenhorst), V. albilineatus (Gravenhorst), Enicospilus ramidulus (L.), Pimpla rufipes (Miller) and one Gelis sp. were reared. Average parasitism was 0.13% and 2.33% for 2008 and 2009, respectively. Highest site parasitism was 14.9% and highest site diversity was 4 species. Virgichneumon dumeticola was the commonest species, with 73% of the total speciments. Virgichneumon albilineatus and E. ramidulus are reported for the first time from H. cunea, and V. albilineatus is also reported for the first time from Turkey. Gelis sp. is reported for the first time as a parasitoid of H. cunea in Turkey.
A contribution to the Heptageniidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) of Thailand and Malaysia
Authors: BRAASCH DIETRICH , BOONSOONG BOONSATIEN
Published: January 2019

A brief survey of Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera) from Thailand and Malaysia is presented. New for science are Afronurus namnaoensis sp. nov., Compsoneuria langensis sp. nov., Epeorus inthanonensis sp. nov., Epeorus (Belovius) khayengensis sp. nov. and Epeorus nguyenbaeorum sp. nov., from Thailand and Compsoneuria perakensis sp. nov. from Malaysia; the new species originate from rivers and streams in the north of Thailand and from some streams in peninsular Malaysia. For the first time, the male of Asionurus primus Braasch & Soldán, 1986 is described and a larva of supposed Iron longitibius Nguyen & Bae, 2004 is illustrated from Thailand. Compsoneuria (Siamoneuria) kovaci Braasch, 2006 was originally not adequately placed in Compsoneuria Eaton, 1881. Its true affiliation remains unclear. Supposed Epeorus hieroglyphicus Braasch & Soldán, 1984, redescribed by Nguyen and Bae (2004), is renamed to Epeorus nguyenbaeorum sp. nov. Two new findings of Heptageniidae are reported from Thailand: Epeorus bifurcatus Braasch & Soldán, 1979 and Iron martinus Braasch & Soldán, 1984. Rhithrogeniella ornata Ulmer, 1939 is recorded from Malaysia for the first time.
On the biology of Ceratopemphigus zehntneri Schouteden (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a gall-forming aphid on Ligustrum robustum subsp. walkeri (Oleaceae), in Sri Lanka
Authors: COCK MATTHEW J. W. , SHAW RICHARD H. , BLACKMAN ROGER L.
Published: January 2019

Observations on the biology, ecology, galls and associated insects of Ceratopemphigus zehntneri Schouteden (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a gall-forming aphid on Ligustrum robustum subsp. walkeri (Oleaceae) in Sri Lanka, are presented. Stages of gall formation and details of different stages of the aphid are illustrated. The implications for biological control of L. robustum walkeri in Mauritius and La Réunion are discussed.
The larva of Perilestes attenuatus Selys, 1886 (Odonata: Perilestidae) from Amazonas, Brazil
Authors: NEISS ULISSES GASPAR , HAMADA NEUSA
Published: January 2019

The larva of Perilestes attenuatus Selys, 1886 is described and illustrated based on exuviae of reared larvae and lastinstar larvae collected in Manaus, Amazonas state, Brazil. The larva of P. attenuatus can be distinguished from that of P. fragilis, the only other species of which the larva has been described, by the presence of a pair of tubercles on the ligula and by the arrangement of the spines and hooks on the abdominal segments.
Review of the genus Paramanota Tuomikoski (Diptera, Mycetophilidae), with the description of new fossil and recent species
Authors: HIPPA HEIKKI
Published: January 2019

The genus Paramanota includes the following species: P. awanensis Hippa, Jaschhof & Vilkamaa (Peninsular Malaysia), P. bifalx sp. n. (Thailand), P. furcillata sp. n. (Thailand), P. grandaeva sp. n. (Baltic amber), P. orientalis Tuomikoski (Burma and Thailand), P. paxillosa sp. n. (Thailand), P. peninsulae Hippa, Jaschhof & Vilkamaa (Peninsular Malaysia), P. schachti Papp, and P. sumatrana Hippa, Jaschhof & Vilkamaa (Sumatra). P. orientalis is redescribed. A key to the species is given. Generic characters of Paramanota are discussed.
Psoquilla infuscata Badonnel (Psocoptera: Psoquillidae) in the Western Hemisphere with description of the male and brachypterous form
Authors: MOCKFORD EDWARD L. , ALDRETE ALFONSO N. GARCÍA
Published: January 2019

Psoquilla infuscata Badonnel, previously known from a single locality in coastal West Africa, is recorded from southern Mexico, Belize, Panamá, Suriname, and Perú. The original description is based entirely on macropterous females, while our material includes brachypterous forms of both sexes as well as macropterous specimens. Augmented descriptions of adults of this species and its only congener, Psoquilla marginepunctata Hagen are presented. The synonymy of Heteropsocus dispar Verrill with P. marginepunctata is confirmed. We attempt to homologize the skeletal parts of the complex phallosome of the Psoquillidae and the subfamily Perientominae in the closely related family Lepidopsocidae.
Two new species of Rhagovelia in the salina group from Colombia (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Veliidae)
Authors: PADILLA-GIL DORA N.
Published: January 2019

Rhagovelia rosarensis sp. nov. and Rhagovelia aguaclara sp. nov. from south-west Colombia are described and placed in the salina group. A key to the species of Rhagovelia in the salina group from Colombia, and habitat and distribution information for some species are provided.
Correction relating to the occurrence of Macrolophus pygmaeus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Bryocorinae: Dicyphini) in New Zealand reported in 2008
Authors: FLYNN A. , EYLES A. C. , GEORGE S.
Published: January 2019

Eyles et al. (2008) noted the first occurrence of Macrolophus pygmaeus (Rambur, 1839)  in New Zealand in 2007, with a site locality reported as the Auckland Botanic Gardens.
Geographic and altitudinal range extension of Oreobates amarakaeri Padial et al., 2012 (Anura: Craugastoridae)
Authors: TTITO ALEX , CATENAZZI ALESSANDRO
Published: January 2019

The genus Oreobates Jiménez de la Espada (1872) is monophyletic, and currently 24 species of Oreobates have been named (Köhler & Padial, 2016). Oreobates distributed from southern Colombia to central Brazil and northwestern Argentina (Köhler & Padial, 2016; Teixeira, Amaro, Recoder, De Sena, & Rodrigues, 2012). Most species of Oreobates occur in the cloud and montane forests of the tropical and subtropical Andes from Ecuador to Argentina (Padial et al., 2012). Padial et al., (2012) described Oreobates amarakaeri with two specimens collected in 2008 between 685–1000 m a.s.l. in Distrito Camanti, Quispicanchis Province, Department of Cusco, Peru (Figure 1). Herein we report four additional specimens of O. amarakaeri, extending its distributional and altitudinal ranges in southern Peru. We collected specimens during our surveys in the Departments of Cusco and Puno.
Effect of Mental Health Screening and Integrated Mental Health on Adolescent Depression–Coded Visits
Authors: Rinke Michael L. , German Miguelina , Azera Bridget , Heo Moonseong , Brown Nicole M. , Gross Rachel S. , Bundy David G. , Racine Andrew D. , Duonnolo Carmen , Briggs Rahil D.
Published: January 2019

Adolescent depression causes morbidity and is underdiagnosed. It is unclear how mental health screening and integrated mental health practitioners change adolescent depression identification. We conducted a retrospective primary care network natural cohort study where 10 out of 19 practices implemented mental health screening, followed by the remaining 9 practices implementing mental health screening with less coaching and support. Afterward, a different subset of 8 practices implemented integrated mental health practitioners. Percentages of depression-coded adolescent visits were compared between practices (1) with and without mental health screening and (2) with and without integrated mental health practitioners, using difference-in-differences analyses. The incidence of depression-coded visits increased more in practices that performed mental health screening (ratio of odds ratios = 1.22; 95% confidence interval =1.00-1.49) and more in practices with integrated mental health practitioners (ratio of odds ratios = 1.58; 95% confidence interval = 1.30-1.93). Adolescent mental health screening and integrated mental health practitioners increase depression-coded visits in primary care.
A practical approach to active lateral suspension for railway vehicles
Authors: Park Joonhyuk , Shin Yujeong , Hur Hyunmoo , You Wonhee
Published: January 2019

Background:

Active lateral suspension (ALS) technologies have been well developed for several decades, but they have not been widely used in service operation due to relatively high costs for implementation and maintenance and concerns about fail-safe. Therefore, this paper suggests a more practical approach for the active suspension system, designed to achieve target performance with easy implementation and maintenance and high fail-safe.

Methods:

The control performance target and actuator type are determined from the vibration energy that the ALS has to absorb along the weight function for ride quality evaluation. The installation position of actuator and sensor is decided to decrease the time that it takes for field engineers to check the actuator for maintenance. In addition to fail-safe function of ALS system, conventional hydraulic lateral damper is installed in parallel with ALS to reduce the concern about fail-safe of the ALS.

Results:

Through the roller rig and filed tests, the performance of the proposed ALS was validated. Lateral ride quality was improved 7.1dB and 6.7dB in the roller rig test and field test, respectively. The fail-safe strategy was also verified during the filed test.

Conclusion:

Test results show that the suggested ALS is designed appropriately and can be used in practical implementation.
Analysis of measurement uncertainty of a surface acoustic wave micro-pressure sensor
Authors: Huang Jian , Li Yuanyuan , Jiang Bei , Cao Le
Published: January 2019

As an important support for test and control projects, sensor’s performance is directly related to the accuracy of the measurement. To fully analyze the sources of measurement uncertainty for a surface acoustic wave micro-pressure sensor, in this study the Monte Carlo method and Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement to evaluate measurement uncertainty of sensors are used, the sensing experiment was conducted and the measurement addition model was established. We determined the source of measurement uncertainty for a surface acoustic wave micro-pressure sensor. The results show that the Monte Carlo method can obtain a more reliable and accurate inclusion interval in the measurement uncertainty evaluation of a surface acoustic wave micro-pressure sensor.
Living with schizophrenia: Perspectives of Turkish people with schizophrenia from two Patient Associations on how the illness affects their lives
Authors: Karanci Nuray A , Aras Aylin , Kumpasoğlu Guler Beril , Can Demet , Çakır Ekin , Karaaslan Cemrenur , Semerci Mine , Tüzün Duygu
Published: January 2019

Background:

Schizophrenia is a chronic mental illness affecting the social and occupational lives of the sufferers and posing a considerable burden on the patients and their families. Furthermore, negative societal reactions and the internalization of these attitudes exacerbate the difficulties encountered. This study examines the perspectives of Turkish people with schizophrenia on how they view the impact of the illness on their lives, the societal reactions and attitudes to schizophrenia and whether they agree with these reactions.

Methods:

Twenty-three adult participants, all members of two schizophrenia associations in Ankara, capital of Turkey, were recruited. Semistructured interviews were used to find out their perspectives on how the illness affected their lives, how the society reacts to them and their views on these reactions. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and thematic analysis was used to capture the general and the subthemes.

Results:

The findings suggest that causal attributions for the illness, the impact of illness on various life domains, challenges of living with the illness and finally stigmatization are general categories that capture the perspectives of the participants.

Conclusion:

People diagnosed with schizophrenia experience the impacts and burdens of their illness in various domains of their lives and negative societal reactions heighten these burdens. It seems important to consider the challenges faced by people with schizophrenia in living with their illness and the impacts of negative societal behaviors and attitudes in offering psychosocial interventions programs for supporting this group. Furthermore, combating negative societal attitudes also seems to be necessary.
Educating for a Better Tomorrow
Authors: Eversull Frank L.
Published: January 2019

Revision of our present curricula and educational practices is necessary if the schools would do their part.
Consider the Atypical Child
Authors: Patry Frederick L.
Published: January 2019

A mental hygienist here discusses the handicapped pupil and what may be done to give him his chance.
Re-Sawing the School Log
Authors: Bruning William C.
Published: January 2019

In this imaginary radio talk, introduced by Principal Frederick J. Reilly, a radical regrouping of school years is proposed.
Trends in Teacher Preparation
Authors: Ade Lester K.
Published: January 2019

Seven points of progress in the art of equipping teachers for their professional duties, are here noted.
The Schools' Most Powerful Ally
Authors: Holbeck Elmer S.
Published: January 2019

The Parent Teacher Association with its 1,500,000 recorded members can be a mighty force for childhood.
Why Some Teachers Fail
Authors: Chrisman Lewis H.
Published: January 2019

“Being blind to one's own weakness is the surest road to becoming an educational futility.” The author cites cases.
Mental Hygiene's Highest Use
Authors: Kelly William A.
Published: January 2019

“Character training and mental hygiene must function together, or character formation becomes merely a slogan.”
A Plan to Relieve “George”
Authors: Condon A. E.
Published: January 2019

The author advances a proposal for mobilizing the citizens of a State in support of their schools.
A Key to Successful Teaching
Authors: Breitwieser J. V.
Published: January 2019

Any good teacher can master the technique of Positive or Affirmative teaching, and so become a better teacher. This article tells both why and how.
Can He Apply His Knowledge?
Authors: Melbo Irving E.
Published: January 2019

Not what the pupil knows but what he can do with what he knows, should be the test of successful learning.
The Forgotten Kit of Tools
Authors: Simley Irvin T.
Published: January 2019

“Good citizenship is a matter of attitudes, interests, standards, ideals” — not intellect alone.
Compassion and Caring: Missing Concepts in Social Studies Programs
Authors: Oliner Pearl
Published: January 2019

Current social studies curricula in elementary and secondary schools reflect a generally humanistic perspective. They nonetheless suffer from a serious omission: they do not include the study of prosocial behaviors, that is, behaviors that evidence altruism, generosity, compassion, and caring.

This omission has serious consequences, for it tends to legitimize the view that human behaviors are basically self-serving. It leaves little for youth to emulate in terms of their own prosocial behaviors. Since citizenship education is a primary concern of the social studies curriculum, it behooves curriculum developers to fashion programs that will help youth behave in caring and concerned ways toward others.

Such programs need to include at least three elements: (1) opportunities for students to conceptualize prosocial behaviors, (2) opportunities for students to develop social cognition skills, and (3) the provision of prosocial models. Conceptualization focuses on the analysis of altruistic, generous, and caring behaviors in various periods and places in history. Social cognition includes those skills relating to understanding the feelings, intentions, and thoughts of others. Prosocial models include real figures of all ages and groups who have shown care and concern for others in ordinary and extraordinary ways.
Predictive equation to estimate post-mortem interval using spectrophotometric blood-colour values
Authors: Usumoto Yosuke , Kudo Keiko , Tsuji Akiko , Ihama Yoko , Ikeda Noriaki
Published: January 2019

Forensic pathologists use post-mortem phenomena to estimate the post-mortem interval (PMI). We have reported on the usefulness of post-mortem lividity spectrophotometric values to estimate PMIs. Here, we focused on blood colour, looking for associations between blood colour, age and PMI. We generated predictive equations for blood-colour values and the PMI. We included data from a total of 129 cadavers (84 males and 45 females). We measured the colour of 124 left ventricular blood ( L*l, a*l, b*l), 123 right ventricular blood ( L*r, a*r, b*r) and 57 femoral blood ( L*f, a*f, b*f) samples. We found no significant associations between blood colour and age or between blood colour and the PMI, but the values of a*l, b*l, a*r and b*r were significantly increased with increased age, and those of L*f, a*f and b*f were significantly decreased with increased PMI. We created equations to estimate blood colour. The equations for femoral blood colour had higher adjusted R2 values and lower root mean square error values than those for left and right ventricular blood colours. We generated equations to estimate PMIs using blood-colour values and autopsy findings. Our estimated PMIs up to 67 hours had accuracies within 8.84 hours, without measuring post-mortem lividity colour or considering the age of the deceased. This is the first study to estimate PMIs based on blood-colour spectrophotometric values.
Religion in the public schools: An examination of school personnel knowledge of the law and attitudes toward religious expression
Authors: Herbstrith Julie C. , Kuperus Sarah , Dingle Kathleen , Roth Zachary C.
Published: January 2019

Many Americans are familiar with the First Amendment, but its application to prayer and religious activities in public schools is often misunderstood. Religious beliefs are increasingly diverse in the United States. Therefore, it seems imperative that school personnel are aware of the law and sensitive to an array of religious practices. We conducted two studies that explored school personnel’s (a) understanding of laws on religious expression in public schools; (b) attitudes toward religious expression in public schools; and (c) tolerance for different religions. Key Study 1 findings were that school personnel with more service years had less accurate knowledge of religious expression laws than school personnel with fewer service years, and more knowledge was related to increased sensitivity to religious practices in schools. Study 2 conceptually replicated these relations with a sample of pre-service teachers and found that Right-wing Authoritarianism mediated the relation between knowledge of the law and religious sensitivity, presenting an avenue for interventions to increase religious sensitivity.
Changing Institutions, Changing Net Nutrition: A Difference-in-Decompositions Approach to Understanding the U.S. Transition to Free-Labor
Authors: Carson Scott Alan
Published: January 2019

The body mass index (BMI) reflects current net nutrition and health during economic development. This study introduces a difference-in-decompositions approach to show that although 19th century African American current net nutrition was comparable to working-class Whites, it was made worse-off with the transition to free-labor. BMI reflects net nutrition over the life-course, and like stature, slave children’s BMIs increased more than Whites as they approached entry into the adult slave labor force. Agricultural worker’s net nutrition was better than workers in other occupations but was worse-off under free-labor and industrialization. Within-group BMI variation was greater than across-group variation, and White within-group variation associated with socioeconomic status was greater than African Americans.
Thinking with and beyond the informal–formal relation in urban thought
Authors: McFarlane Colin
Published: January 2019

This commentary to the special issue on ‘Transcending (in)formal urbanism’ reviews key threads common across the issue and opens up questions as to the work that the informal–formal dynamic does for urban studies. It points out the general agreement in that none of the papers rejects the utility of the category of informal and that the terms informal and formal still have value and utility. In doing so, the special issue articles offer three key contributions to demonstrate the ways in which the informal either composes or becomes a close partner to the formal, de-link informality from its more commonplace registers, and sketch how the formal and informal have always been blurred in practice. Centrally, this calls for a critical reflection on the structures of thought through which the informal–formal relation emerges. It advances an understanding of how informal and formal operate as a kind of ‘intellectual governmentality’ reiterating the same ways of seeing, carving up, and analysing the city, getting in the way of our ability to research urbanism differently. The appreciation of the informal–formal dynamic is situated as part of the challenge to build a more global urban studies that works with multiple ways of knowing and researching. To what extent does remaining within a structure of thought around the informal–formal relation enable or get in the way of that? Borrowing alternatives from movements to ‘provincialising’ that structure of thought, this commentary calls for a renewed interest in the potential, and limits, of the informal–formal inheritance in urban thought.
New Perspectives on New Deal Housing Policy: Explicating and Mapping HOLC Loans to African Americans
Authors: Michney Todd M. , Winling LaDale
Published: January 2019

Scholarship on the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC) has typically focused on this New Deal housing agency’s invention of redlining, with dire effects from this legacy of racial, ethnic, and class bias for the trajectories of urban, and especially African American neighborhoods. However, HOLC did not embark on its now infamous mapping project until after it had issued all its emergency refinancing loans to the nation’s struggling homeowners. We examine the racial logic of HOLC’s local operations and its lending record to black applicants during the agency’s initial 1933-1935 “rescue” phase, finding black access to its loans to have been far more extensive than anyone has assumed. Yet, even though HOLC did loan to African Americans, it did so in ways that reinforced racial segregation—and with the objective of replenishing the working capital of the overwhelmingly white-owned building and loans that held the mortgages on most black-owned homes.
Chondroid Syringoma of the Scalp: Case Report and Discussion of Clinical Features, Histopathology, and Treatment
Authors: Paik Young S. , Liess Benjamin D.
Published: January 2019

Chondroid syringoma is a generally benign, adnexal tumor most commonly found in the head and neck. It is typically diagnosed retrospectively from histopathology, and careful evaluation must differentiate it from tumors of salivary gland origin. It presents as a slowly growing, subcutaneous or intradermal nodule. Treatment consists of wide local excision with a margin of normal tissue. We report a case involving a 51-year-old man with a chondroid syringoma arising from the scalp. Clinical features, histopathology, and treatment are discussed.
The use of a Covered Stent in Carotid Blowout Syndrome
Authors: McGettigan Brian , Parkes William , Gonsalves Carin , Eschelman David , Keane William , Boon Maurits S.
Published: January 2019

Rupture of the extracranial carotid arteries or their major branches is known as carotid blowout syndrome (CBS). CBS is a well-recognized complication of cancer of the head and neck and subsequent radiation therapy. A few treatment modalities are available, including open ligation and different endovascular techniques, but questions regarding both the immediate and delayed complications of these procedures persist. In this case report, we describe the management of acute CBS in a 54-year-old man who had previously been treated for follicular thyroid carcinoma. The patient was hemorrhaging from a pseudoaneurysm of the left common carotid artery. A self-expanding polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) -covered stent was successfully deployed endovascularly, and this resulted in cessation of the bleeding and restoration of flow through the vessel. We examine the covered-stent approach to treating acute CBS, and we discuss other treatment approaches that have been described in the literature.
Massive Lymphoid Hyperplasia Presenting with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Secondary to Lingual and Palatine Tonsil Hyperplasia
Authors: Acar Gül Özbilen , Yener Murat , Cansiz Harun , Acioğlu Engin , Tuziner Nukhet
Published: January 2019

Lingual tonsil hyperplasia is a rare condition that may cause obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). In the management of OSA, the lingual tonsils should be evaluated during the otorhinolaryngologic examination. We report the case of a 66-year-old man with findings of upper airway obstruction secondary to excessive lingual and palatine tonsil hyperplasia and with MRI findings of bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy. We review the clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic aspects of this case, and we discuss the surgical options for treating massive reactive lymphoid hyperplasia in conjunction with OSA.
Unilateral Macroglossia as Sole Presenting Manifestation of Internal Carotid Artery Dissection
Authors: Stübgen Joerg-Patrick
Published: January 2019

A patient presented with acute-onset, painless, unilateral enlargement of the tongue. Steroid treatment for angio-edema was ineffective, and a biopsy of an apparent mass of the tongue base showed normal tissue. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging showed enlargement, enhancement, asymmetric T2 hyperintensity of the left half of the tongue, and dissection of the left cervical internal carotid artery (ICA) at the skull base. Unilateral enlargement of the tongue due to acute neurogenic denervation may be the sole clinical presentation of a spontaneous arterial dissection at the skull base. The hypoglossal neuropathy resulted from compression by the pseudoaneurysmal ICA dilatation or ischemia from interruption of the vasa nervorum.
Intermittently Symptomatic Tracheal Diverticulum: A Case of a Rare Clinical Phenomenon
Authors: Smelley Christopher L. , Bowen Rebecca , Cherie-Ann O. Nathan
Published: January 2019

Tracheal diverticula are rarely encountered, and only a handful of cases have been described in the literature. In most of these cases the patient was asymptomatic. When symptoms have occurred, they usually had an airway component such as cough, dyspnea, and recurrent respiratory infection. Imaging techniques—particularly computed tomography—are beneficial for diagnosing a tracheal diverticulum because bronchoscopy can sometimes miss the point of communication with the trachea. We report the case of a 62-year-old woman with a tracheal diverticulum that manifested as an intermittent, painful right neck mass with associated cough, dysphonia, dysphagia/ odynophagia, and an occasional strangulation/choking sensation.
Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy Appears to Impair Nasal Mucociliary Clearance
Authors: Yigit Ozgur , Kirgezen Tolga , Taskin Umit , Yener Murat
Published: January 2019

We conducted a prospective study of 50 adults to investigate changes in nasal mucociliary clearance following endoscopic intranasal dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). Each operation was performed with the use of a drill to perforate the lateral nasal wall in order to reach the lacrimal sac. Each patient's mucociliary clearance time (MCT) was determined by the saccharin test on both the operated and nonoperated sides; the preoperative times were compared with postoperative measurements made 1 and 3 months following DCR. Preoperatively, the mean MCTs were 14.48 minutes on the operated side and 14.50 minutes on the nonoperated side—not a statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). Postoperatively, the corresponding MCTs were 25.22 and 14.98 minutes at 1 month and 18.44 and 15.62 minutes at 3 months. On the operated side, both postoperative MCTs were significantly longer than the preoperative value (p < 0.001), while on the nonoperated side, neither postoperative MCT was significantly different from the preoperative value (p > 0.05). Also, the postoperative MCTs were significantly longer on the operated side than on the nonoperated side at both 1 month (p < 0.001) and 3 months (p < 0.05). Only 1 of the 50 operations was considered to be unsuccessful; the reason for this surgical failure was the patient's ongoing complaints of chronic postoperative dacryocystitis. We conclude that endoscopic DCR disturbs mucociliary clearance. Changes in MCTs may be attributable to injury to the nasal mucosa or to the continuous flow of tears through the nasal mucosa.