bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consumption of 100% Fruit Juice and Body Weight in Children and Adults
Authors: Nguyen Michelle , Jarvis Sarah E. , Chiavaroli Laura , Mejia Sonia Blanco , Zurbau Andreea , Khan Tauseef A. , Tobias Deirdre K. , Willett Walter C. , Hu Frank B. , Hanley Anthony J. , Birken Catherine S. , Sievenpiper John L. , Malik Vasanti S.
Published: January 2024

Importance

Concerns have been raised that frequent consumption of 100% fruit juice may promote weight gain. Current evidence on fruit juice and weight gain has yielded mixed findings from both observational studies and clinical trials.

Objective

To synthesize the available evidence on 100% fruit juice consumption and body weight in children and adults.

Data Sources

MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched through May 18, 2023.

Study Selection

Prospective cohort studies of at least 6 months and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of at least 2 weeks assessing the association of 100% fruit juice with body weight change in children and adults were included. In the trials, fruit juices were compared with noncaloric controls.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Data were pooled using random-effects models and presented as β coefficients with 95% CIs for cohort studies and mean differences (MDs) with 95% CIs for RCTs.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Change in body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) was assessed in children and change in body weight in adults.

Results

A total of 42 eligible studies were included in this analysis, including 17 among children (17 cohorts; 0 RCTs; 45 851 children; median [IQR] age, 8 [1-15] years) and 25 among adults (6 cohorts; 19 RCTs; 268 095 adults; median [IQR] age among cohort studies, 48 [41-61] years; median [IQR] age among RCTs, 42 [25-59]). Among cohort studies in children, each additional serving per day of 100% fruit juice was associated with a 0.03 (95% CI, 0.01-0.05) higher BMI change. Among cohort studies in adults, studies that did not adjust for energy showed greater body weight gain (0.21 kg; 95% CI, 0.15-0.27 kg) than studies that did adjust for energy intake (−0.08 kg; 95% CI, −0.11 to −0.05 kg; P for meta-regression <.001). RCTs in adults found no significant association of assignment to 100% fruit juice with body weight but the CI was wide (MD, −0.53 kg; 95% CI, −1.55 to 0.48 kg).

Conclusion and Relevance

Based on the available evidence from prospective cohort studies, in this systematic review and meta-analysis, 1 serving per day of 100% fruit juice was associated with BMI gain among children. Findings in adults found a significant association among studies unadjusted for total energy, suggesting potential mediation by calories. Further trials of 100% fruit juice and body weight are desirable. Our findings support guidance to limit consumption of fruit juice to prevent intake of excess calories and weight gain.
Review of fault models for reproducing and predicting strong ground motions and permanent displacements—findings in the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake
Authors: Dan Kazuo
Published: January 2024

For accurate evaluation of the impact of earthquakes to structures in the vicinity of the earthquake faults, it has been required to develop appropriate calculation methods for short‐ and long‐period ground motions and permanent displacements. The 2016 Kumamoto, Japan, earthquake provided these kinds of records, and several research papers have been published to propose methods for reproducing or predicting them. I reviewed these papers and summarized probable methods for evaluating fault parameters for broadband‐period ground motions in areas very close to the faults.
Overcoming biodiversity blindness: Secondary data in primary citizen science observations
Authors: Pernat Nadja , Canavan Susan , Golivets Marina , Hillaert Jasmijn , Itescu Yuval , Jarić Ivan , Mann Hjalte M. R. , Pipek Pavel , Preda Cristina , Richardson David M. , Teixeira Heliana , Vaz Ana Sofia , Groom Quentin
Published: January 2024

In the face of the global biodiversity crisis, collecting comprehensive data and making the best use of existing data are becoming increasingly important to understand patterns and drivers of environmental and biological phenomena at different scales.

Here we address the concept of secondary data, which refers to additional information unintentionally captured in species records, especially in multimedia‐based citizen science reports. We argue that secondary data can provide a wealth of ecologically relevant information, the utilisation of which can enhance our understanding of traits and interactions among individual organisms, populations and biodiversity dynamics in general.

We explore the possibilities offered by secondary data and describe their main types and sources. An overview of research in this field provides a synthesis of the results already achieved using secondary data and different approaches to information extraction.

Finally, we discuss challenges to the widespread use of secondary data, such as biases, licensing issues, use of metadata and lack of awareness of this trove of data due to a missing common terminology, as well as possible solutions to overcome these barriers.

Although the exploration and use of secondary data is only emerging, the many opportunities identified show how these data can enrich biodiversity research and monitoring.
Toward High‐Performance All‐Solid‐State Thin Film FeOxSy/LiPON/Li Microbatteries via Dual‐Interface Modification
Authors: He Yan , Xia Qiuying , Liu Wei , Wu Chuanzhi , Wang Jinshi , Cai Yu , Guo Yifei , Zan Feng , Xu Jing , Xia Hui
Published: January 2024

Featuring high theoretical capacity, low cost, and low preparation temperature, Li‐free cathodes are considered promising for all‐solid‐state thin‐film lithium microbatteries (TFBs). In this work, a Li‐free cathode of amorphous FeOxSy film is prepared, followed by the fabrication and investigation of FeOxSy/LiPON/Li TFBs. It is found that the structural degradation at both the LiPON/Li and FeOxSy/LiPON interfaces results in a rapid capacity loss for the TFB during electrochemical cycling. To achieve both high rate capability and long cycle life for the TFB, a dual‐interface modification approach using amorphous Al2O3 as an interlayer is proposed. During the TFB cycling, the Al2O3 interlayer not only enables robust LiPON/Li contact by preventing the formation of Li voids but also blocks the diffusion of Fe element from FeOxSy to LiPON electrolyte, effectively suppressing the interfacial resistance growth. Consequently, the dual‐interface modified TFB achieves greatly improved rate capability (194.3 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1) and cycle performance (71% capacity retention after 800 cycles), which are superior to the pristine TFB and single‐interface modified TFB. This work advances the fundamental understanding of the failure mechanisms at the solid‐solid electrode/electrolyte interfaces, offering a feasible interfacial modulation strategy to develop advanced all‐solid‐state lithium batteries.
Photoacoustic‐Imaging‐Guided Photothermal Regulation of Calcium Influx for Enhanced Immunogenic Cell Death
Authors: Wang Mengxin , Xue Fengfeng , An Lu , Wu Dan , Sha Shuang , Huang Gang , Tian Qiwei
Published: January 2024

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) induced by calcium ion (Ca2+) overload has attracted significant attention owing to its ability to activate the immune system and generate durable antitumor immune responses. However, the slow release of Ca2+ by commonly used nanomodulators provides tumor cells with the opportunity to efficiently eliminate excess Ca2+ through ion channels, thus diminishing the therapeutic efficacy. Consequently, it is crucial to explore strategies for rapid Ca2+ release. To address this issue, a glutathione‐triggered Ca(IO3)2@starch‐based Ca2+ nanobomb is presented. This nanobomb not only enables accurate and efficient Ca2+ delivery to the tumor site but also exploits glutathione‐triggered photoacoustic (PA) imaging‐guided photothermal precise control of TRPV1 ion channel activation for enhancing the Ca2+ influx. Both in vitro and in vivo results confirm that the photothermally regulated Ca2+ influx based on this Ca2+ nanobomb effectively promotes ICD and stimulates immune infiltration in tumor tissues, ultimately leading to the effective inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis. The developed Ca2+ nanobomb presents a potential strategy to enhance ICD based on Ca2+ overload, thus addressing the challenges associated with precise and timely regulation of Ca2+ influx and offering prospects for improved antitumor immunotherapy.
Synthesis of Metalloborophene Nanoribbons on Cu(110)
Authors: Weng Xiao‐Ji , Zhu Yi , Xu Ying , Bai Jie , Zhang Zhuhua , Xu Bo , Zhou Xiang‐Feng , Tian Yongjun
Published: January 2024

Metalloborophene, characterized by the presence of metal‐centered boron wheels denoted as M©Bn, has garnered considerable attention in recent years due to its versatile properties and potential applications in fields such as electronics, spintronics, and catalysis. However, the experimental verification of metalloborophene is challenging, mainly due to the unconventional 2D boron networks. In this study, scanning tunneling microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, low energy electron diffraction, and first‐principles calculations are employed to unveil Cu©B8 metalloborophene nanoribbons formed via spontaneous alloying after the deposition of boron on a heated Cu(110) substrate under ultrahigh vacuum condition. The thermodynamically preferred precursor, the anchoring of boron network to metal atoms, and anisotropic lattice mismatch are identified as pivotal factors in the formation of these metalloborophene nanoribbons. This discovery expands the repertoire of 2D materials and offers a potential pathway for the synthesis of other metalloborophenes.
Enhanced Al‐Storage Performance by Electronic Properties Optimization and Structural Customization in MOF‐Derived Heterostructure
Authors: Kang Rongkai , Du Yiqun , Zhang Dongmei , Sun Chenyi , Wang Han , Zhang Xingchang , Wan Jiaqi , Chen Guowen , Zhang Jianxin
Published: January 2024

Chalcogenide cathodes with multi‐electron transfer characteristics are indispensable to aluminum‐ion batteries (AIBs). Nevertheless, their grievous capacity degradation and sluggish reaction kinetics remain fundamental challenges for the practical application. Herein, a Cu2S/Ni3S2 multiphase structure within the metal‐organic frame (MOF) derived carbon decoration layer (CNS@MC) is constructed to elevate the intrinsic electronic properties of chalcogenide cathode and realize high‐performance AIBs. The existence of outer carbon layer and strong orbital interaction at inner heterointerfaces eliminates the bandgap and arises more electrons at Fermi level, efficiently reducing the energy barrier for electron transfer and achieving high reactivity within cathodes. The CNS@MC also presents a strong electronic interaction with active solvent groups, which is beneficial to capture Al3+ and facilitate the three‐electron charge‐storage reactions. Experimental results demonstrate that the tailored CNS@MC cathode possesses superior redox kinetics due to the sufficient surface area and rapid Al‐ion diffusion during cycling. Meanwhile, the robust CNS@MC delivers ultra‐high electrochemical stability (131.1 mAh g−1 over 3500 cycles) with high coulombic efficiency and outstanding rate performance. This work offers new opportunities for optimizing the intrinsic properties of the chalcogenide electrodes based on MOF derivatives and heterostructure, providing novel thoughts for designing high‐performance AIBs.
General Scalable Synthesis of Mesoporous Metal Oxide Nanosheets with High Crystallinity for Ultralong‐Life Li–S Batteries
Authors: Wang Biao , Tang Jiayi , Jia Suyue , Xing Zhanqi , Chen Shaowei , Deng Yu , Meng Xiangkang , Tang Shaochun
Published: January 2024

Mesoporous metal oxide nanosheets (MMONs) are demonstrated great promise for various catalytic applications such as water splitting, CO2 reduction, and metal–sulfur batteries. However, limited by the conventional high‐temperature synthetic routes, the prepared MMONs expose only a small portion of the effective catalytic sites, which greatly restricts their electrocatalytic activity. Herein, a facile and general glycine‐assisted strategy is developed to synthesize a series of MMONs with high crystallinity and remarkable porosity. Impressively, single‐phase perovskite type MMONs containing up to ten metal cations can be synthesized easily using this method without any further purification step. As a proof of concept, the Li–S cell with mesoporous LaFe0.4Co0.2Ni0.2Cu0.2O3 nanosheets as catalyst achieves superior ultralong cycling life over 1500 cycles at 2 C with only 0.041% capacity decay per cycle and a high areal capacity reaching 6.0 mAh cm−2 at a low electrolyte/sulfur ratio of 5.9 µL mg−1. The improved performance is attributed to abundant active sites and synergistic contribution of multicomponent. This work paves a new avenue for the general synthesis of advanced MMONs and will inspire the practical applications in different fields.
Physically and Chemically Stable Molybdenum‐Based Composite Electrodes for p–i–n Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Fan Rundong , Sun Wei , Li Congmeng , Chen Yihua , Xie Haipeng , Gao Yongli , Ma Yue , Peng Zongyang , Huang Zijian , Yin Ruiyang , Pei Fengtao , Zhou Wentao , Wu Yuetong , Liu Huifen , Li Kailin , Song Tinglu , Zou Dechun , Zai Huachao , Li Hui , Chen Qi , Wang Qian , Zhou Huanping
Published: January 2024

Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have garnered much attention in recent years. Despite the remarkable advancements in PSCs utilizing traditional metal electrodes, challenges such as stability concerns and elevated costs have necessitated the exploration of innovative electrode designs to facilitate industrial commercialization. Herein, a physically and chemically stable molybdenum (Mo) electrode is developed to fundamentally tackle the instability factors introduced by electrodes. The combined spatially resolved element analyses and theoretical study demonstrate the high diffusion barrier of Mo ions within the device. Structural and morphology characterization also reveals the negligible plastic deformation and halide‐metal reaction during aging when Mo is in contact with perovskite (PVSK). The electrode/underlayer junction is further stabilized by a thin seed layer of titanium (Ti) to improve Mo film's uniformity and adhesion. Based on a corresponding p–i–n PSCs (ITO/PTAA/PVSK/C60/SnO2/ITO/Ti/Mo), the champion sample could deliver an efficiency of 22.25%, which is among the highest value for PSCs based on Mo electrodes. Meanwhile, the device shows negligible performance decay after 2000 h operation, and retains 91% of the initial value after 1300 h at 50–60 °C. In summary, the multilayer Mo electrode opens an effective avenue to all‐round stable electrode design in high‐performance PSCs.
Heterojunction‐Induced Rapid Transformation of Ni3+/Ni2+ Sites which Mediates Urea Oxidation for Energy‐Efficient Hydrogen Production
Authors: Guo Peng , Cao Shoufu , Huang Wenjing , Lu Xiaoqing , Chen Weizhe , Zhang Youzi , Wang Yijin , Xin Xu , Zou Ruiqing , Liu Sibi , Li Xuanhua
Published: January 2024

Water electrolysis is an environmentally‐friendly strategy for hydrogen production but suffers from significant energy consumption. Substituting urea oxidation reaction (UOR) with lower theoretical voltage for water oxidation reaction adopting nickel‐based electrocatalysts engenders reduced energy consumption for hydrogen production. The main obstacle remains strong interaction between accumulated Ni3+ and *COO in the conventional Ni3+‐catalyzing pathway. Herein, a novel Ni3+/Ni2+ mediated pathway for UOR via constructing a heterojunction of nickel metaphosphate and nickel telluride (Ni2P4O12/NiTe), which efficiently lowers the energy barrier of UOR and avoids the accumulation of Ni3+ and excessive adsorption of *COO on the electrocatalysts, is developed. As a result, Ni2P4O12/NiTe demonstrates an exceptionally low potential of 1.313 V to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 toward efficient urea oxidation reaction while simultaneously showcases an overpotential of merely 24 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for hydrogen evolution reaction. Constructing urea electrolysis electrolyzer using Ni2P4O12/NiTe at both sides attains 100 mA cm−2 at a low cell voltage of 1.475 V along with excellent stability over 500 h accompanied with nearly 100% Faradic efficiency.
Simultaneous Enhancement of Thermal Insulation and Impact Resistance in Transparent Bulk Composites
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Zhou Jianyu , Wu Kaijin , Zhang Shuaishuai , Xie Lili , Gong Xinglong , He Linghui , Ni Yong
Published: January 2024

Transparent bulk glass is highly demanded in devices and components of daily life to transmit light and protect against external temperature and mechanical hazards. However, the application of glass is impeded by its poor functional performance, especially in terms of thermal isolation and impact resistance. Here, a glass composite integrating the nacre‐inspired structure and shear stiffening gel (SSG) material is proposed. Benefiting from the combination of these two elements, this nacre‐inspired SSG/glass composite (NSG) exhibits superior thermal insulation and impact resistance while maintaining transparency simultaneously. Specifically, the low thermal conductivity of the SSG combined with the anisotropic heat transfer capability of the nacre‐inspired structure enhances the out‐of‐plane thermal insulation of NSG. The deformations over large volumes in nacre‐inspired facesheets promote the deformation region of the SSG core, synergistic effect of tablet sliding mechanism in nacre‐inspired structure and strain‐rate enhancement in SSG material cause the superior impact resistance of overall panels in a wide range of impact velocities. NSG demonstrates outstanding properties such as transparency, light weight, impact resistance, and thermal insulation, which are major concerns for the application in engineering fields. In conclusion, this bioinspired SSG/glass composite opens new avenues to achieve comprehensive performance improvements for transparent structural materials.
MBene with Redox‐Active Terminal Groups for an Energy‐Dense Cascade Aqueous Battery
Authors: Zhang Zishuai , Li Yi , Mo Funian , Wang Jiaqi , Ling Wei , Yu Miao , Huang Yan
Published: January 2024

Two‐dimensional (2D) transition metal borides (MBenes), new members of the 2D materials family, hold great promise for use in the electrocatalytic and energy storage fields because of their high specific area, high chemical activity, and fast charge carrier mobility. Although various types of MBenes are reported, layered MBenes featuring redox‐active terminal groups for high energy output are not yet produced. A facile and energy‐efficient method for synthesizing MBenes equipped with redox‐active terminal groups for cascade Zn||I2 batteries is presented. Layered MBenes have ordered metal vacancies and ─Br terminal groups, enabling the sequential reactions of I−/I0 and Br−/Br0. The I2‐hosting MBene‐Br cathode results in a specific energy as high as 485.8 Wh kg−1 at 899.7 W kg−1 and a specific power as high as 6007.7 W kg−1 at 180.2 Wh kg−1, far exceeding the best records for Zn||I2 batteries. The results of this study demonstrate that the challenges of MBene synthesis can be overcome and reveal an efficient path for producing high‐performance redox‐active electrode materials for energy‐dense cascade aqueous batteries.
Synthesis of High Refractive Index Polymer Thin Films for Soft, Flexible Optics Through Halomethane Quaternization of Poly(4‐Vinylpyridine)
Authors: Huo Ni , Rivkin Jeremy , Jia Ruobin , Zhao Yineng , Tenhaeff Wyatt E.
Published: January 2024

Applications in soft, flexible optical, and optoelectronic applications demand polymer thin film coatings that can accommodate substantial physical deformations. The preparation of high refractive index polymers (HRIPs) through the quaternization of poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (P4VP) thin films with (di)halomethanes is presented. P4VP thin films are prepared by initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) and then quaternized through exposure to saturated vapors of iodomethane (CH3I), dibromomethane (CH2Br2), and diiodomethane (CH2I2), resulting in refractive indices (RI) as high as 1.67, 1.71, and 2.07, respectively (at 632.8 nm). Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the quaternization of pyridine pendant groups on the polymer chain to n‐methylpyridinium with primarily an iodide or bromide counterion, though a minor fraction of polyiodides are also detected. Additionally, these films demonstrate superior thermal stability, retaining their refractive index and thickness after thermal excursions to 200 °C. The halogenated P4VP films exhibit superior mechanical flexibility relative to conventional inorganic coatings (Al2O3 and Ta2O5) and do not fracture at uniaxial tensile strains as high as 10%. This new material chemistry and fabrication approach method may enable advanced optical designs and functionality in a wide range of substrates and device architectures.
Silk‐Based Functional Inks with Color‐Tunable Light Upconversion for Printing on Arbitrary Surfaces
Authors: Ahn Junyong , Kim Taehoon , Omenetto Fiorenzo G. , Park Junyong
Published: January 2024

A biocompatible and versatile silk‐based functional ink with hydrophilic upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) that can be printed or painted on arbitrary substrates, including biological surfaces is demonstrated. Hydrophilic UCNPs, ready to be dispersed in aqueous silk fibroin solution, are synthesized in large quantities via facile hydrothermal synthesis using citric acid. Based on a systematic study of dopant control to achieve robust red emission from citrate‐capped UCNPs, three primary colors are obtained, which serve as the basis for the expansion of the color palette. The synthesized UCNPs are homogeneously dispersed in regenerated silk fibroin solutions derived from Bombyx mori cocoons to produce water‐based functional inks. Cyan, magenta, and yellow (CMY) inks are created by combining red, green, and blue (RGB) inks. Demonstrator devices, where a variety of colorful patterns and codes are revealed only under near‐infrared irradiation, are realized through stencil printing or brush painting on flexible polymer films, fruit, leaves, silkworm cocoons, and pig skin. The patterns and codes are highly heat resistant (≈230 °C) and can be easily washed off with water after use. The printable/paintable inks and functions proposed here will provide new opportunities for applications where sustainability, biocompatibility, and intentional luminescence are simultaneously required.
Thermally Stable NIR Emission from Disordered Ba5La3MgAl3O15:Cr3+ with Peak Wavelength Beyond 900 nm
Authors: Xu Mengdi , Li Zhongyuan , Li Qiqi , Mou Tinglin , Wang Xuesong , Yan Dong , Li Ye , Zhou Xianju , Fang Zhen , Ning Lixin
Published: January 2024

Broadband near‐infrared (NIR) emissions in the long wavelength region with simultaneous high efficiency and thermal stability are desirable for NIR phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diodes (NIR pc‐LEDs) light sources. Herein, a novel broadband NIR‐emitting phosphor is reported, Ba5La3MgAl3O15:Cr3+ (BLMAO:Cr3+), which exhibits a NIR emission band spanning 700–1300 nm with maximum peak wavelength (λmax) at 925 nm and full width at half maximum of 160 nm. The optimized phosphor achieves an internal quantum efficiency of 66%, and the integrated emission intensity at 423 K remains 61% of that at room temperature, which surpasses most Cr3+‐activated phosphors emitting in the long‐wavelength NIR region (λmax > 900 nm). The NIR luminescence properties are elucidated on the basis of density functional calculations of the multiple Cr3+ local structures as generated by the Ba/La occupation disorder in the host material. The applications of the NIR phosphor in pc‐LED devices are demonstrated, showing potential in night‐vision and nondestructive examination. The results indicate that BLMAO:Cr3+ is a promising phosphor with highly efficient and thermally stable broadband NIR emission for NIR LED light sources.
Nitrosonium Ion Catalyzed Oxidative Bromination of Arenes
Authors: Chen Pin‐Hsien , Hsu Shu‐Jung , Hou Duen‐Ren
Published: January 2024

A nitrosonium catalyzed bromination of electron‐rich arenes has been developed, using bromide salts as bromine sources, oxygen gas as a terminal oxidant and Brønsted acids (sulfuric acid, TFA or HBr). This arene bromination process is free of transition metals, proceeding in acetic acid and under mild temperatures (25–50 °C) to give brominated arenes with good to excellent yields. Our mechanistic studies indicated that this oxidative bromination of arenes reaction is catalyzed by nitrosnium ion (NO+), without the involvement of Br2 or Br+. The kinetic isotope effect of this reaction was measured using pentadeuteriophenyl phenyl ether (kH/kD=1.1).
Borylated Cyclopentanes via Atom Transfer Radical [3+2] Annulation
Authors: Cirule Dace , Dénès Fabrice , Gnägi‐Lux Manuel , Rohrbach Simon , Renaud Philippe
Published: January 2024

An atom transfer radical [3+2] annulation (ATRAn) reaction involving alkenyl boronic esters and homoallylic iodides provides a rapid access to polysubstituted borylated cyclopentanes. A variety of α‐substituted vinylboronic esters are suitable substrates and offer unique opportunities for further modification of the formed 5‐membered ring. For instance, the oxidation of the boronic ester to an alcohol allows the preparation of products that corresponds to an annulation involving the enol form of acetone. Substitution of the iodide by a nucleophile such as lithium methoxide without modifying the boronic ester moiety is also feasible. Finally, by using a (3‐acetoxyprop‐1‐en‐2‐yl)boronic ester, a facile 1,2‐elimination reaction provided a methylenecyclopentane. In this case, the alkenylboronate radical trap acts as an equivalent to allene, a building block so far elusive for preparative radical reactions.
Fluorocyclization of 2‐Alkynylbenzoates: Synthesis of Fluorinated Isocoumarins by N‐Fluoropyridinium Salts
Authors: Sakagami Haruki , Tsubouchi Akira , Saito Akio
Published: January 2024

Herein, we describe metal‐free fluorocyclization of 2‐alkynylbenzoates by N‐fluoropyridinium salts. The present method allows the selective synthesis of 4‐fluoroisocoumarins and 3,4,4‐trifluoroisochromanones by minor modification of the reaction conditions.
Fracture Prediction of Hydrogel Using Machine Learning and Inhomogeneous Multiscale Network
Authors: Zheng Shoujing , You Hao , Lam K. Y. , Li Hua
Published: January 2024

Hydrogels are soft polymeric materials with promising applications in biomedical fields. Understanding their fracture behavior is crucial for optimizing device design and performance. However, predicting hydrogel fracture is challenging due to the complex interplay between material properties and environmental factors. In this study, a machine learning (ML) approach to predict hydrogel fracture behavior is presented. A multiscale hydrogel fracture model is developed to generate simulation data, which is used to train a predictive neural network model. The ML model utilizes a hierarchical architecture of convolution long short‐term memory units to capture spatial and temporal dependencies in the data. Model predictions are found to closely match simulation results with high accuracy, demonstrating the ability to learn complex fracture processes. Comparison of crack lengths shows the model can generalize across different material parameters. This work highlights the potential of ML for advancing the understanding of hydrogel fracture and soft matter failure. The presented approach provides an efficient framework for predicting fracture in complex materials and systems.
Fast‐Response Variable‐Stiffness Magnetic Catheters for Minimally Invasive Surgery
Authors: Piskarev Yegor , Sun Yi , Righi Matteo , Boehler Quentin , Chautems Christophe , Fischer Cedric , Nelson Bradley J. , Shintake Jun , Floreano Dario
Published: January 2024

In minimally invasive surgery, such as cardiac ablation, magnetically steered catheters made of variable‐stiffness materials can enable higher dexterity and higher force application to human tissue. However, the long transition time between soft and rigid states leads to a significant increase in procedure duration. Here, a fast‐response, multisegmented catheter is described for minimally invasive surgery made of variable‐stiffness thread (FRVST) that encapsulates a helical cooling channel. The rapid stiffness change in the FRVST, composed of a nontoxic shape memory polymer, is achieved by an active cooling system that pumps water through the helical channel. The FRVST displays a 66 times stiffness change and a 26 times transition enhancement compare with the noncooled version. The catheter allows for selective bending of each segment up to 127° in air and up to 76° in water under an 80 mT external magnetic field. The inner working channel can be used for cooling an ablation tip during a procedure and for information exchange via the deployment of wires or surgical tools.
Self‐Confined Dewetting Mechanism in Wafer‐Scale Patterning of Gold Nanoparticle Arrays with Strong Surface Lattice Resonance for Plasmonic Sensing
Authors: Chen Zhiming , Cao An , Liu Dilong , Zhu Zhaoting , Yang Fan , Fan Yulong , Liu Rui , Huang Zhulin , Li Yue
Published: January 2024

A self‐confined solid‐state dewetting mechanism is reported that can fundamentally reduce the use of sophisticated nanofabrication techniques, enabling efficient wafer‐scale patterning of non‐closely packed (ncp) gold nanoparticle arrays. When combined with a soft lithography process, this approach can address the reproducibility challenges associated with colloidal crystal self‐assembly, allowing for the batch fabrication of ncp gold arrays with consistent ordering and even optical properties. The resulting dewetted ncp gold nanoparticle arrays exhibit strong surface lattice resonance properties when excited in inhomogeneous environments under normal white‐light incidence. With these SLR properties, the sensitive plasmonic sensing of molecular interactions is achieved using a simple transmission setup. This study will advance the development of miniaturized and portable devices.
Microneedle Sensors for Point‐of‐Care Diagnostics
Authors: Hu Yubing , Chatzilakou Eleni , Pan Zhisheng , Traverso Giovanni , Yetisen Ali K.
Published: January 2024

Point‐of‐care (POC) has the capacity to support low‐cost, accurate and real‐time actionable diagnostic data. Microneedle sensors have received considerable attention as an emerging technique to evolve blood‐based diagnostics owing to their direct and painless access to a rich source of biomarkers from interstitial fluid. This review systematically summarizes the recent innovations in microneedle sensors with a particular focus on their utility in POC diagnostics and personalized medicine. The integration of various sensing techniques, mostly electrochemical and optical sensing, has been established in diverse architectures of “lab‐on‐a‐microneedle” platforms. Microneedle sensors with tailored geometries, mechanical flexibility, and biocompatibility are constructed with a variety of materials and fabrication methods. Microneedles categorized into four types: metals, inorganics, polymers, and hydrogels, have been elaborated with state‐of‐the‐art bioengineering strategies for minimally invasive, continuous, and multiplexed sensing. Microneedle sensors have been employed to detect a wide range of biomarkers from electrolytes, metabolites, polysaccharides, nucleic acids, proteins to drugs. Insightful perspectives are outlined from biofluid, microneedles, biosensors, POC devices, and theragnostic instruments, which depict a bright future of the upcoming personalized and intelligent health management.
Cleanroom‐Free Direct Laser Micropatterning of Polymers for Organic Electrochemical Transistors in Logic Circuits and Glucose Biosensors
Authors: Enrico Alessandro , Buchmann Sebastian , De Ferrari Fabio , Lin Yunfan , Wang Yazhou , Yue Wan , Mårtensson Gustaf , Stemme Göran , Hamedi Mahiar Max , Niklaus Frank , Herland Anna , Zeglio Erica
Published: January 2024

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are promising devices for bioelectronics, such as biosensors. However, current cleanroom‐based microfabrication of OECTs hinders fast prototyping and widespread adoption of this technology for low‐volume, low‐cost applications. To address this limitation, a versatile and scalable approach for ultrafast laser microfabrication of OECTs is herein reported, where a femtosecond laser to pattern insulating polymers (such as parylene C or polyimide) is first used, exposing the underlying metal electrodes serving as transistor terminals (source, drain, or gate). After the first patterning step, conducting polymers, such as poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), or semiconducting polymers, are spin‐coated on the device surface. Another femtosecond laser patterning step subsequently defines the active polymer area contributing to the OECT performance by disconnecting the channel and gate from the surrounding spin‐coated film. The effective OECT width can be defined with high resolution (down to 2 µm) in less than a second of exposure. Micropatterning the OECT channel area significantly improved the transistor switching performance in the case of PEDOT:PSS‐based transistors, speeding up the devices by two orders of magnitude. The utility of this OECT manufacturing approach is demonstrated by fabricating complementary logic (inverters) and glucose biosensors, thereby showing its potential to accelerate OECT research.
Redesign of Anode Catalyst for Sustainable Survival of Fuel Cells
Authors: Ko Keonwoo , Kim Dongsu , Min Jiho , Sravani Bathinapatla , Kim Yunjin , Lee Sanghyeok , Sul Taejun , Jang Segeun , Jung Namgee
Published: January 2024

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) suffer from severe performance degradation when operating under harsh conditions such as fuel starvation, shut‐down/start‐up, and open circuit voltage. A fundamental solution to these technical issues requires an integrated approach rather than condition‐specific solutions. In this study, an anode catalyst based on Pt nanoparticles encapsulated in a multifunctional carbon layer (MCL), acting as a molecular sieve layer and protective layer is designed. The MCL enabled selective hydrogen oxidation reaction on the surface of the Pt nanoparticles while preventing their dissolution and agglomeration. Thus, the structural deterioration of a membrane electrode assembly can be effectively suppressed under various harsh operating conditions. The results demonstrated that redesigning the anode catalyst structure can serve as a promising strategy to maximize the service life of the current PEMFC system.
Understanding the Distance Effect of the Single‐Atom Active Sites in Fenton‐Like Reactions for Efficient Water Remediation
Authors: Zhang Shuaiqi , Lu Zhicong , Hu Chun , Li Fan
Published: January 2024

Emerging single‐atom catalysts (SACs) are promising in water remediation through Fenton‐like reactions. Despite the notable enhancement of catalytic activity through increasing the density of single‐atom active sites, the performance improvement is not solely attributed to the increase in the number of active sites. The variation of catalytic behaviors stemming from the increased atomic density is particularly elusive and deserves an in‐depth study. Herein, single‐atom Fe catalysts (FeSA‐CN) with different distances (dsite) between the adjacent single‐atom Fe sites are constructed by controlling Fe loading. With the decrease in dsite value, remarkably enhanced catalytic activity of FeSA‐CN is realized via the electron transfer regime with peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. The decrease in dsite value promotes electronic communication and further alters the electronic structure in favor of PMS activation. Moreover, the two adjacent single‐atom Fe sites collectively adsorb PMS and achieve single‐site desorption of the PMS decomposition products, maintaining continuous PMS activation and contaminant removal. Moreover, the FeSA‐CN/PMS system exhibits excellent anti‐interference performance for various aquatic systems and good durability in continuous‐flow experiments, indicating its great potential for water treatment applications. This study provides an in‐depth understanding of the distance effect of single‐atom active sites on water remediation by designing densely populated SACs.
Photochemically and Thermally Programmed Optical Multi‐States from a Single Diacetylene‐Functionalized Cyanostilbene Luminogen
Authors: Koo Jahyeon , Hyeong Jaeseok , Jang Junhwa , Wi Youngjae , Ko Hyeyoon , Rim Minwoo , Lim Seok‐In , Na Seok‐In , Choi Yu‐Jin , Jeong Kwang‐Un
Published: January 2024

To develop advanced optical systems, many scientists have endeavored to create smart optical materials which can tune their photophysical properties by changing molecular states. However, optical multi‐states are obtained usually by mixing many dyes or stacking multi‐layered structures. Here, multiple molecular states are tried to be generated with a single dye. In order to achieve the goal, a diacetylene‐functionalized cyanostilbene luminogen (DACSM) is newly synthesized by covalently connecting diacetylene and cyanostilbene molecular functions. Photochemical reaction of cyanostilbene and topochemical polymerization of diacetylene can change the molecular state of DACSM. By thermal stimulations and the photochemical reaction, the conformation of polymerized DACSM is further tuned. The synergetic molecular cooperation of cyanostilbene and diacetylene generates multiple molecular states of DACSM. Utilizing the optical multi‐states achieved from the newly developed DACSM, switchable optical patterns and smart secret codes are successfully demonstrated.
DNA Adjuvant Hydrogel‐Optimized Enzymatic Cascade Reaction for Tumor Chemodynamic‐Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhao Yan , Du Jiangnan , Xu Zihui , Wang Lihua , Ma Lan , Sun Lele
Published: January 2024

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) shows immense potential in cancer treatment as it not only directly kills tumor cells but also induces anti‐tumor immune responses. However, the efficacy of CDT is hampered by challenges in targeting CDT catalysts specifically to tumors using nanomaterials, along with the limitations of low H2O2 levels and short catalyst duration within the tumor microenvironment. In this study, DNA adjuvant hydrogel to arrange a glucose oxidase‐ferrocene cascade for continuously generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) from glucose in situ for tumor CDT combined with immunotherapy is employed. By precisely tuning the catalyst spacing with DNA double helix, ROS production efficiency is elevated by up to nine times compared to free catalysts, resulting in stronger immunogenetic cell death. Upon intratumoral injection, the DNA hydrogel system elicited potent anti‐tumor immune responses, thereby effectively inhibiting established tumors and rejecting re‐challenged tumors. This work offers a novel platform for integrated CDT and immunotherapy in cancer treatment.
Salivary Amylase‐Responsive Buccal Tablets Wipe Out Chemotherapy‐Rooted Refractory Oral Mucositis
Authors: Zhang Yan , Wang Taixia , Dong Xiulin , Zhu Chunyan , Peng Qiuxia , Liu Chang , Zhang Yifeng , Chen Fubo , Zhang Kun
Published: January 2024

Oral mucositis (OM) is the most common and refractory complication of cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy, severely affecting patients’ life quality, lowering treatment tolerance, and discouraging patient compliance. Current OM delivery systems mostly affect the comfort of patient use and lead to poor compliance and unsatisfactory effects. Herein, salivary amylases (SAs)‐responsive buccal tablets consisting of porous manganese‐substituted Prussian blue (PMPB) nanocubes (NCs), anti‐inflammatory apremilast (Apr) and starch controller have been engineered. PMPB NCs with large surface area can serve as carriers to load Apr, and their multienzyme‐mimicking activity enables them to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), which thus synergize with Apr to mitigate inflammation. More significantly, the starch controller can respond to abundant SAs in the oral cavity and realize the cascade, continuous, and complete drug release after enzymatic decomposition, which not only aids with high tissue affinity to prolong the resistance time but also improves the comfort of use. The preclinical study reveals that contributed by the above actions, such buccal tablets mitigate inflammation, promote endothelium proliferation and migration, and accelerate wound healing for repressing chemotherapy‐originated intractable OM with positive oral microenvironment and shorter recovery time, thus holding high potentials in clinical translation.
Sustainable Soft Electronics Combining Recyclable Metal Nanowire Circuits and Biodegradable Gel Film Substrates
Authors: Liu Yuxuan , Ahmad Mesbah , Venditti Richard A. , Velev Orlin D. , Zhu Yong
Published: January 2024

Direct disposal of used soft electronics into the environment can cause severe pollution to the ecosystem due to the inability of most inorganic materials and synthetic polymers to biodegrade. Additionally, the loss of the noble metals that are commonly used in soft electronics leads to a waste of scarce resources. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop “green” and sustainable soft electronics based on eco‐friendly manufacturing that may be recycled or biodegraded after the devices’ end of life. Here an approach to fabricating sustainable soft electronics is demonstrated where the expensive functional materials can be recycled and the soft substrate can be biodegradable. A stretchable agarose/glycerol gel film is used as the substrate, and silver nanowires (AgNWs) are printed on the film to fabricate the soft electronic circuits. The mechanical and chemical properties of the agarose/glycerol gel films are characterized, and the functionality of the printed AgNW electrodes for electrophysiological sensors is demonstrated. The demonstration of the biodegradability of the agarose/glycerol and the recyclability of AgNWs points toward ways to develop sustainable and eco‐friendly soft electronics.
Efficient Solar Driven Upgrading of N2 to Urea Through Photoredox Reactions on Pt Cluster/TiO2
Authors: Yang Weiping , Xiao Lei , Dai Weidong , Mou Shiyong , Dong Fan
Published: January 2024

Synthetic nitrogen fertilizers, such as urea, are instrumental in augmenting agricultural output and addressing the demands of a growing population. Nevertheless, conventional urea production heavily relies on energy‐intensive processes. In this study, an environmentally friendly photocatalytic method is proposed for directly and selectively synthesizing urea from nitrogen (N2) and methanol (CH3OH using a Pt cluster‐decorated TiO2 catalyst (Pt cluster/TiO2). Remarkably, the Pt cluster/TiO2 exhibits outstanding urea synthesis performance with a rate of 105.68 µmol g−1 h−1 and N‐selectivity of 97.29 ± 0.79%, representing the highest level of photocatalytic urea synthesis from N2. Further analysis with density functional theory (DFT) calculation reveals that the “σ–π*” donor–acceptor interaction occurred between Pt clusters and N2, efficiently reducing the N2 hydrogenation barrier. EPR experiments demonstrate that photogenerated electrons (e−) and hole (h+) are synchronously consumed through N2 reduction and CH3OH oxidation, thereby accelerating urea synthesis. The crucial step of C─N coupling is initiated by the reaction between *NH─NH and *CHO intermediate, facilitated by the low energy barrier on Pt cluster/TiO2. This work suggests an mild route of urea production and provides profound insights into the underlying chemistry of the C─N coupling reaction, which can guide the sustainable synthesis of essential indispensable chemicals.
Experimental study of a novel mouse model of tibial shaft fracture combined with blunt chest trauma
Authors: Zhang Bing , Fu Tingting , Han Yi , Li Gongke , Wan Xianyao , Li Yong
Published: January 2024

Backgroud

Thoracic Trauma and Limb Fractures Are the Two most Common Injuries in Multiple Trauma. However, there Is Still a Lack of Mouse Models of Trauma Combining Tibial Shaft Fracture (TSF) and Thoracic Trauma. In this Study, we Attempted to Develop a Novel Mouse Model of TSF Combined with Blunt Chest Trauma (BCT).

Methods

A total of 84 C57BL/6J male mice were used as the multiple trauma model. BCT was induced by hitting the chests of mice with heavy objects, and TSF was induced by hitting the tibia of mice with heavy objects after intramedullary fixation. Serum specimens of mice were received by cardiac puncture at defined time points of 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h.

Results

Body weight and body temperature tended to decrease within 24 h after multiple trauma. Hemoglobin analyses revealed a decrease during the first 24 h after multiple trauma. Some animals died by cardiac puncture immediately after chest trauma. These animals exhibited the most severe pulmonary contusion and hemorrhage. The level of lung damage varied in diverse mice but was apparent in all animals. Classic hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)‐stained paraffin pulmonary sections of mice with multiple trauma displayed hemorrhage and an immunoinflammatory reaction. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum samples of mice with multiple trauma showed an upregulation of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐1α (TNF‐1α) compared with the control group. Microimaging confirmed the presence of a tibia fracture and pulmonary contusion.

Conclusions

The novel mouse multiple trauma model established in this study is a common trauma model that shows similar pathological mechanisms and imaging characteristics in patients with multiple injuries. This study is useful for determining whether blockade or intervention of the cytokine response is beneficial for the treatment of patients with multiple trauma. Further research is needed in the future.
A case of multiple organ injury resuscitated by collaboration of damage control surgery and interventional radiology in hybrid emergency room
Authors: Omoto Ryosuke , Umemura Yutaka , Kato Masanari , Nakahori Yasutaka , Fujimi Satoshi
Published: January 2024

Background

Hybrid emergency room systems, namely hybrid ER (HER), enable us to perform computed tomography (CT), surgery, and interventional radiology (IVR) without patient transfer. HER significantly shortened the time to CT after arrival and allowed us to achieve early intervention, resulting in reduced mortality from exsanguination in patients with severe blunt trauma.

Case Presentation

We encountered a patient diagnosed with left common iliac artery occlusion and dissection caused by blunt traumatic compressive abdominal injury with transection of the small intestine, kidney, and adrenal and pelvic ring fractures. Although the patient experienced cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) immediately after CT, we performed damage control surgery (DCS) and IVR after temporary aortic occlusion in the HER and resuscitated the patient.

Conclusion

The present case, in which rapid diagnosis and intervention were performed and the patient was successfully resuscitated, supports the efficacy of the HER system for managing severe blunt trauma.