bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Bank Credit on Inflation in Jordan by Using Vector Auto Regression Model: A Case Study of Jordan during 1968-2017
Authors: Daood Al-Oshaibat Suleiman , Banikhalid Hmood H.
Published: April 2019

Previous studied revealed mixed results regarding the Banks have an influence on the inflation rate. This study aims at investigating the impact of the bank credit on the inflation rate in Jordan during the period 1968-2017 by using Vector Auto Regression Model (VAR) on the annual data. Necessary tests were conducted for this model such as Unit Root Test, Granger Causality Test, Variance Decomposition and Response Function analysis. The results reveal that there is a mutual effect between the bank credit and the inflation rate. Moreover the study states that there is an explanatory power of the bank credit in explaining the changes in inflations rates in Jordan. Namely, there is a positive effect of the credit bank on the inflation rate in Jordan.
Weltweite Telekommunikationsüberwachung durch Geheimdienste im Spiegelbild der kantischen Idee zum Ewigen Frieden
Authors: Arslan Mehmet
Published: April 2019

According to Kant, the path to an eternal peace demands the foundation of transnational legal relations. Kant’s prediction of the necessity of a global world order becomes true in a remarkable way in light of the world-wide surveillance of telecommunication systems by secret services. In this context his philosophy of peace deserves particular attention. The analysis shows that the said methods of secret services threaten world peace in a Kantian sense and have to be limited.
Return Migration, Reintegration and Sense of Belonging
Authors: Arhin-Sam Kwaku
Published: April 2019

Focusing on the issue of belonging as a substantial human social need, this book studies how skilled Ghanaian returnees cope with their return to their country of origin, depending on their previous experiences in Ghana and the foreign country they lived in for a while. Using the empirical basis of qualitative interview data, the book identifies the relationship between reintegration and sense of belonging, and argues that sense of belonging is a dimension of social reintegration for returning migrants. The key findings of this study show that returnees’ definitions of belonging fall into two categories: individual belonging (belonging to a place) and social/collective belonging (politics of belonging). Within these categories, belonging is defined in relation to being accepted, feeling at home, not being treated differently, having responsibilities and ownership. Individual belonging is thus expressed via feelings of attachment to Ghana as a place, resulting from factors such as memories of cultural and family heritage.
Tarifentwicklungen nach einem Betriebsübergang
Authors: Weber Christian
Published: April 2019

This thesis will appeal to those in both academia and the business world. It deals with the question of whether, after a business transfer in terms of § 613a of the German Civil Code (BGB), the parties in labour contracts are bound by amendments to the collective agreements established in the business of the seller.
First, using a general approach, the thesis examines whether there is a justification for such amendments. In addition to that, it analyses the limits of the amendments, both under German constitutional law as well as under European law. According to the author, the essential criterion for whether the amendments apply to the parties in a labour contract is the ‘predictability’ of the amendments the moment the business transfer occurs.
Subsequently, against the background of this general assumption, the author addresses several individual cases which the German Federal Labour Court (BAG) and the European Court of Justice have ruled on in recent years.
Unionsrechtliche Impulse für das Recht der Massenentlassung
Authors: Brams Isabelle
Published: April 2019

In recent years, the ECJ has paved the way for a uniform European law on collective redundancies. This PhD thesis takes up the corresponding rulings and places them in an overall context. It focuses on the current rulings of the ECJ on the interpretation of the concepts of ‘a company’, ‘dismissal’ and ‘an employee’. Of particular importance in this respect is the Balkaya ruling by the ECJ, which led to a fundamentally new perspective on the managing directors of German limited liability companies. The thesis deals with the legal consequences of this ruling and reveals initial solutions that can be implemented in practice. Finally, it addresses the question of whether employers should be granted the protection of legitimate expectation with regard to the current case law of the ECJ. This study thus paints a comprehensive picture of current developments in the German and European laws on collective redundancies.
Umweltrecht der Europäischen Union
Authors: Epiney Astrid
Published: April 2019

Umweltprobleme weisen häufig einen grenzüberschreitenden Charakter auf, und umweltrechtliche Regeln entfalten vielfältige Auswirkungen auf wirtschaftliche Tätigkeiten. Nicht ohne Grund gehört der Umweltschutz zu den wichtigsten Politikbereichen der Europäischen Union. Das Umweltrecht der Europäischen Union prägt das nationale Umweltrecht ganz maßgeblich.

Vor diesem Hintergrund erörtert Astrid Epiney zum einen umfassend die primärrechtlichen Grundlagen des Umweltrechts der Europäischen Union. Dabei geht es um die Akteure und Instrumente, um die Rechtsgrundlagen (einschließlich der Außenkompetenzen), die dem Primärrecht zu entnehmenden inhaltlichen Vorgaben, die mitgliedstaatlichen Handlungsspielräume und schließlich um Umsetzung, Vollzug, Kontrolle und Rechtsschutz.

Zum anderen behandelt die Autorin das umweltrelevante Sekundärrecht der Europäischen Union, das in vier Bereiche eingeteilt werden kann, nämlich in
die allgemeinen bzw. bereichsübergreifenden Regeln,
das medienschützende Umweltrecht,
die Regelungen, die den Schutz vor bestimmten Tätigkeiten oder Stoffen betreffen,
die Bewirtschaftung der Umweltressourcen, einschließlich des Klimaschutzrechts.

Auch die vierte Auflage des bewährten Handbuchs berücksichtigt und diskutiert umfassend die Rechtsprechung des EuGH und legt den Akzent auf die Herausarbeitung der unionsrechtlichen Vorgaben für das mitgliedstaatliche Recht.
Besondere Typen der Widerklage
Authors: Hanke Annalena
Published: April 2019

This highly significant work in terms of litigation practice critically examines the case law of Germany’s highest courts with regard to third-party counterclaims. In particular, it discusses the recognition of third-party counterclaims as an independent institution of procedural law. This work solves the problems that arise in this respect, above all the question of local jurisdiction, using the existing legally regulated instruments of procedural law. Due to the actual lack of the presupposed loophole in the regulations, it therefore calls into question both the analogous application of § 33 of Germany’s civil procedure code (Zivilprozessordnung) and the judicial development of the law in this area.
La Resolución de Problemas Matemáticos y el Uso de Tecnología Digital en el Diseño de Libros Interactivos
Authors: Santos Trigo Manuel , Camacho Machín Matías
Published: April 2019

Los libros de texto y los materiales de un curso de matemáticas siguen siendo un recurso importante para los estudiantes. En general, estos materiales ayudan a los estudiantes a revisar y extender sus conocimientos acerca de los temas que se estudian en la clase. Incluyen explicaciones de conceptos, definiciones y formas de resolver problemas, además deuna lista de problemas variados que los estudiantes tienen que resolver. Los desarrollos de la tecnología digital están transformando el diseño y uso de los libros de texto en términos de ofrecer un material interactivo donde el estudiante pueda consultar vídeos que expliquen conceptos, revisar otros recursos en línea o compartir y discutir sus acercamientos con otros a través de aplicaciones usando una tableta o un teléfono móvil. En este artículo se presenta un marco, que incluye episodios que caracterizan el proceso de resolver problemas, para el diseño de materiales interactivos donde los estudiantes tienen la oportunidad de representar y explorar problemas dinámicamente, formular conjeturas y relaciones y buscar argumentos que validen o sustenten esas relaciones.

Textbooks are an essential resource that teachers use to organize and guide their students’ learning of mathematics. In general, textbooks help students review and extend their knowledge of the themes that they study in their courses. Digital technology developments are transforming the ways in which textbooks are designed since this technology fosters the inclusion of interactive activities where students can consult videos to review and extend concepts, access and discuss online materials and share and discuss ideas or problem solving approaches within a learning community that include their peers or other students. In this article, we present a framework that aims to help teachers design interactive textbooks via the identification of main problem solving episodes such as understanding the problem statement and the construction of dynamic representations, looking for different ways to solve the problem, extending the initial problem, and communicating results.
La práctica docente del profesor: La enseñanza de fracciones en un aula de primaria a través de situaciones-problema
Authors: González Astudillo María Teresa , Marques Portugal Ricardo Filipe
Published: April 2019

En ese documento se trata de identificar los elementos de la práctica del profesor que permiten generar en el aula una discusión sobre el concepto de fracción y que proporcionan oportunidades de aprendizaje a los alumnos. Para ello partimos de dos situaciones-problemas generadas por el maestro, una de ellas correspondiente a la introducción del concepto y la otra a un momento más avanzado del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje en el que los alumnos tienen que manejar los conceptos aprendidos. La metodología de investigación utilizada es cualitativa, centrada en el estudio de un caso. Los datos se han recogido mediante la grabación de dos sesiones de aula y para su análisis se ha utilizado como marco metodológico el Knowledge Quartet (KQ) haciendo énfasis en las cuatro dimensiones: fundamentación, transformación, conexión y contingencia. Las oportunidades de aprendizaje varían de una tarea a otra. En la primera, al ser una actividad introductoria, están más relacionadas con la conexión mientras que en la segunda tiene más peso la fundamentación y la transformación. Sin embargo, en ambas, la contingencia es un aspecto clave para ahondar en la comprensión de los conceptos.

This document seeks to identify the elements in teachers’ practice that allow generating a discussion in the classroom about the concept of fraction and provide learning opportunities to students. To this end, we start from two situations-problems generated by the teacher, one of them is the introduction of the concept and in the other, which corresponds to a later stage of the teaching-learning process, the students have to handle the concepts learned. The research methodology used is qualitative, since it is based on a case study. The data were collected by recording two classroom sessions and the Knowledge Quartet (KQ) was used as a methodological framework, emphasizing its four dimensions: foundation, transformation, connection and contingency. Learning opportunities vary from one task to another. The first one, on being an introductory activity, is more related to connection, while, in the second, foundation and transformation have more weight. However, in both, contingency emerges as a key aspect to delve into the understanding of the concepts.
Conocimientos matemáticos de futuros maestros en resolución de problemas de 6.º de primaria
Authors: Nortes Martínez-Artero Rosa , Nortes Checa Andrés
Published: April 2019

Para comprobar el nivel de conocimientos matemáticos en resolución de problemas de los estudiantes del Grado de Maestro de Primaria, se aplica a una muestra de 174 estudiantes diez cuestiones de la prueba de Evaluación final de 6.o Educación de Primaria del curso 2015/16, agrupadas en dos unidades de evaluación. Contestaron estudiantes de 2.o, 3.o y 4.o de la Universidad de Murcia y los resultados indican que uno de cada tres estudiantes participantes no supera ninguna de las dos unidades de evaluación y que en 2.o (primer curso con matemáticas) una de las unidades no la supera el 50%. Del total de participantes, tres de cada veinte estudiantes contestan bien a todas las cuestiones y por sexo no existen diferencias significativas en los resultados. La mayor dificultad la encuentran los estudiantes en la equivalencia entre fracción, decimal y porcentaje, en donde tan solo uno de cada cuatro estudiantes contesta correctamente.

To check their knowledge in 6th-year Primary School mathematical problem-solving, 174 undergraduate students doing the Primary Education Degree at the University of Murcia were asked 10 questions from the Official 6th Year Primary Test from the year 2015/16. The test consisted of two units of assessment. Second, third and fourth year students participated in the study and the results show that one in three participants did not pass any of the two units in the exam and that in the second year (the first one with a mathematics subject), for one of the units, half the students failed. The results also show that three in twenty students answered all the questions correctly and there were not significant differences regarding gender. The main difficulty students encountered was the equivalence between fractions, decimal numbers and percentages--only one in four students gave correct answers.
Expansión escolar privada e industrialización en España (1955-75). El caso de Miranda de Ebro
Authors: Méndez Vega M.ª Gloria
Published: April 2019

En el presente artículo se relaciona el crecimiento industrial desarrollado en España a partir de la llegada de los gobiernos tecnocráticos, en los últimos tres lustros del franquismo, con la explosión escolar, que se acusó de una manera especial en aquellas ciudades convertidas en polos industriales, el consiguiente déficit de puestos escolares en esta época y la respuesta privada a esta situación. Como paradigma, se estudia el incesante incremento de la demanda de estos puestos en una ciudad en expansión industrial, Miranda de Ebro (Burgos), y cómo esta demanda fue aprovechada por la iniciativa privada para plantear su oferta particular, en forma de grandes colegios de entidades religiosas ode pequeñas escuelas regentadas por particulares.

This article connects the industrial development in Spain since the coming of the technocratic governments, during the last fifteen years of the Franco regime, with the boom of schooling, especially remarkable in new industrial towns, the consequent shortage of school vacancies during that time and the answer of the private school sector to the new situation. As a paradigm, this article studies the incessant increase of the demand of these vacancies in an industrial town, Miranda de Ebro (Burgos), and how this demand led private schools to start big religious schools or small secular schools.
Percepción de las emociones y su atribución en la formación del docente de Educación Física
Authors: Mujica Johnson Felipe Nicolás
Published: April 2019

Las emociones históricamente no han sido reconocidas por su importancia en el sistema educativo chileno, sino más bien han sido ignoradas en los procesos de aprendizajes. Con el propósito de reivindicar esta situación, el propósito del estudio, es identificar la percepción y atribución emocional de los estudiantes de Pedagogía en Educación Física, en el taller integrado de formación en la práctica 1. El estudio responde al enfoque cualitativo y sus participantes son 19 estudiantes de la cohorte 2016. Los datos fueron recopilados por medio de la técnica del diario personal, grupos focales y entrevistas individuales no estandarizadas, que dieron paso al análisis de los datos, por medio de la teoría fundamentada. Los resultados indican que el alumnado percibe emociones positivas y negativas, las cuales son atribuidas a cuatro principales categorías. La primera de ellas está referida a las acciones del docente, la segunda a las acciones del estudiante, la tercera a los imaginarios del estudiante y la última a sucesos externos a la clase. Se concluye que una labor pedagógica con interacciones comprensivas, alegres y una metodología basada en el enfoque constructivista, en donde el alumnado cumple un rol activo en su aprendizaje, genera una percepción de emociones positivas.

Historically the Chilean educational system has not recognized the importance of emotions; on the contrary they have been ignored in learning processes. In order to denounce this situation, the purpose of this study is to identify emotional perceptions and attributions in students of Pedagogy in Physical Education during their first Practicum placement. The study follows a qualitative approach and the participants are 19 students of year 2016. Data were collected through journal writing, focus groups and non-standardized individual interviews, which gave way to the analysis of the data, through grounded theory. The results indicate that students perceived positive and negative emotions which can be classified within four main categories. The first refers to teachers’ actions, the second to student's actions, the third to students’ imaginaries and the last category to events which are external to the class. It is concluded that pedagogical work which fosters comprehensive and cheerful interactions and a methodology based on constructivist approaches, where students play an active role in their learning, creates perceptions of positive emotions.
Creencias de los estudiantes de educación secundaria sobre la naturaleza de la ciencia y los modelos científicos: un estudio transversal
Authors: Pardo Marín Olga , Solaz-Portolés Joan Josep , Sanjosé López Vicente
Published: April 2019

En este trabajo se lleva a cabo un estudio exploratorio de las creencias de los estudiantes de secundaria de distintos niveles académicos sobre la construcción y naturaleza de la ciencia y de los modelos científicos. Se cumplimentó un cuestionario cuyos ítems están vinculados tanto a la naturaleza, elaboración y validación del conocimiento científico, como a la naturaleza, función, formulación y validación de los modelos científicos. Participaron 216 estudiantes de ESO y Bachillerato (entre 12 y 18 años). De las puntuaciones medias obtenidas por los estudiantes y del ANOVA efectuado puede concluirse que: a) los conocimientos sobre la construcción y naturaleza de la ciencia y de los modelos científicos no son los más adecuados epistemológicamente y no se alteran con la formación académica; b) las ideas sobre modelos científicos son significativamente mejores que en el caso de la construcción del conocimiento científico, independientemente del curso que se trate; y c) sobrevaloran la observación y la experimentación en los procesos de construcción del conocimiento científico.

This exploratory study examines the beliefs of secondary school students at different academic levels regarding the construction and nature of scientific knowledge and scientific models. To this end, a questionnaire was administered to 151 secondary school students in grades 8-12 (ages 12-18). Items included in the questionnaire relate both to nature, elaboration and validation of scientific knowledge and to nature, role, formulation and validation of scientific models. Based on the scores obtained by students and the analyses of variance undertaken, it can be concluded that: a) students' knowledge about the nature of science and scientific models is not epistemologically appropriate and does not improve the higher academic level is; b) students' ideas about scientific models are significantly better than ideas about the construction of scientific knowledge, regardless of academic level; and c) students tend to overvalue the role of observation and experimentation in the processes of scientific knowledge construction.
Trayectorias de empleabilidad de los jóvenes que abandonan el sistema de protección
Authors: Alonso Bello Estefanía , Santana Vega Lidia E. , Feliciano García Luis
Published: April 2019

Las trayectorias de empleabilidad de los jóvenes que salen del sistema de protección se ven condicionadas por su situación de exclusión social. Nuestra investigación persigue: a) analizar las trayectorias de los jóvenes extutelados y b) examinar cómo sus experiencias vitales y laborales influyen en su situación de exclusión. Se realizó un estudio de casos múltiples con cuatro jóvenes inmigrantes y tres nacionales. La selección de los casos tuvo en cuenta: a) haber estado acogido al sistema de protección, b) haber pasado un mínimo de 6 meses en un programa de inserción laboral, c) haber transcurrido 6 años después de finalizar el proyecto de inserción. En el estudio se utilizaron entrevistas, planes de inserción, fichas de trabajo, diarios de campo y registros de control para triangular la información y dar credibilidad a los resultados. Los resultados señalan que: 1) Los jóvenes valoran positivamente el apoyo en el proceso de transición al mercado laboral; b) la inserción social y la salida de la situación de exclusión son más factibles con metas claras y un proyecto de vida definido; 3) la escasa formación y experiencia laboral obstaculizan la adquisición y consolidación de competencias de empleabilidad. Los programas de inserción sociolaboral deben fomentar: a) el análisis de los proyectos de vida, b) la ampliación de las redes de apoyo, y c) el diseño de planes de empleo con apoyo.

Employability trajectories of young people leaving protection systems are conditioned by their situation of social exclusion. The objectives of this study are: a) to analyse the trajectories of young people leaving public protection systems and b) to analyse how their lives and work experiences affect their social exclusion. A multiple case study was conducted. Four young immigrants and three young nationals participated in the study. The participants were selected on the basis of three criteria: a) they should have lived in residential care institutions, b) they should have been in a job placement program for at least 6 months, c) 6 years should have passed since the end of their job placement program. The data were collected using interviews, insertion plans, worksheets, field notes, control records; this allowed the triangulation of the information and gave the results credibility. The results indicate that: 1) young people value positively the support provided in the transition to the labour market; 2) social inclusion and leaving a situation of exclusion are more feasible with clear goals and a well defined life project; 3) poor training and work experience hinder the acquisition and consolidation of employability skills. Labour integration programs should promote: a) the analysis of life projects, b) the expansion of support networks and c) the design of supported employment plans.
Decolonizing Knowledge Organization Systems: Hawaiian Epistemology, Representation and Organization
Authors: Matsuda Shavonn-Haevyn
Published: April 2019

Through examining controlled and natural language representation of Hawaiʻi, this research aims to contribute to an understanding of how Hawaiian epistemology may enrich Hawaiian cultural heritage representation in conventional knowledge organization systems.
EFFECT OF HONEY ADDITION ON RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PROBIOTIC SOY YOGHURT
Authors: Stijepić Milka , Glušac Jovana , Djurdjević- Milošević Dragica
Published: April 2019

Yoghurt is a complex rheological system with 3-dimensional network of chains and clusters of casein micelles in which water is entrapped. The gel structure of set-style yoghurt is influenced by many factors that include milk composition, primary dry matter content, protein content and composition, heat treatment of milk. Protein content of milk has the greatest influence on the gel strength, viscosity and syneresis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of honey addition at different concentrations (0, 2, 4 and 6%)on rheological properties of fermented soymilk products manufactured by probiotics inoculum during 21 day of storage. Rheological analyses were studied by dynamic viscosity, syneresis and water holding capacity. The increase in the honey addition in milk increased viscosity and water holding capacity, while it decreased the syneresis of soy probiotic yoghurt over 21 day of storage.
EFIKASNOST ŠTAMPANIH OGLASA KODIRANIH GASTRONOMSKOM IKONOM
Authors: Nedeljković Uroš , Puškarević Irma
Published: April 2019

Razumevanje prirode procesa kroz koji oglašavanje ili drugi oblici marketinške ko­munikacije utiču na ponašanje potrošača je dugogodišnja oblast istraživanja među marketinškim stručnjacima. Ispitivanje uticaja emocionalne komponente stava na efektivnost oglašavanja u ovom radu se nadovezuje na prethodno istraživanje (Nedeljković, Pinćjer i  Vladić, 2011). Cilj ovog istraživanja jeste da se prikaže na koji način sadržaj oglasa, tj. kodiranje poruka u štampanim oglasima, utiče na emocionalni odgovor. Ali za razliku od prethodnog istraživanja, ovo istraživanje osim emocionalnog odgovora proučava i vreme kašnjenja odgovora ispitanika. Korišćenjem ikoničkog i tropološkog sadržaja u oglasima za uslugu i proizvode hrane i pića, namera je da se utvrdi koji od pomenutih sadržaja izaziva bolje emocionalne reakcije, odnosno, koja vrsta oglasa, konvencionalni ili nekonvencionalni, je efektivnija. Putem eksperimenta, korišćenjem SAM vizuelne metode za samoocenjivanje, vršena su merenja emocionalnog odgovora i vremena kašnjenja odgovora ispitanika za oglase koji prezentuju uslugu ili proizvod hrane i pića, kako bi se utvrdilo kako sadržaj oglasa utiče na emocionalne reakcije ispitanika, a samim tim i na uspeh reklamne kampanje. Rezultati istraživanja upotpunjuju rezultate prethodnog istraživanja i  donose nove zaključke koji ostavljaju prostora za dalje istraživanje u ovoj oblasti.
RAVNOTEŽA I PRORAČUN BROJA STUPNJEVA U OPERACIJI EKSTRAKCIJE ČVRSTO-TEČNO
Authors: Mićić Vladan , Lepojević Žika , Tolić Aleksandar
Published: April 2019

U praksi ekstrakcije čvrsto – tečno posebnu primenu imaju unakrsni, protivstrujni i šaržno protivstrujni tipovi ekstrakcije pa je i ovde njima posvećena pažnja. Ukazano je na osnovne operacione principe ovih tipova ekstrakcije. Razmatrana je ravnoteža u sistemu čvrsto – tečno za koju se pretpostavlja da se može svesti na trokomponentni sistem, pri čemu se dati sistem prikazuje u pravouglom dijagramu. Umesto složenih numeričkih postupaka, koji u osnovi zahtevaju razvoj programa za elektronski računar, ovde je prikazan jednostavan grafički postupak proračuna broja realnih stupnjeva koji se zasniva na primeni modifikovane metode Ponchon Savarita. Dati postupak je prikazan za slučaj jednostepenog kontakta kao i za slučajeve višestepenog unakrsnog i protivstrujnog kontakta. Selektovan je primer proračuna višestepene ekstrakcije čvrsto – tečno i na njemu prikazana primena i korišćenje opisanog grafičkog postupka.
ODABIR ORGANSKOG RASTVARAČA KAO TEČNE MEMBRANE TOKOM TRANSPORTA METALNIH KATIONA
Authors: Suljkanović Mersiha , Nikolić Željka , Nurković Edita
Published: April 2019

Metode određivanja sadržaja teških metala u prirodnim resursima kao i u industrijskim proizvodima, oduvijek su bile predmet brojnih naučnih istraživanja. Metode određivanja metalnih kationa uglavnom su bazirane na principu ″molekulskog raspoznavanja″, koje se zasniva na kompleksiranju metalnih kationa pogodnim ligandima. Efikasnost kompleksiranja uslovljena je kompatibilnošću kationa i liganda, ali i samim okolnostima, tj. medijem u kojem se odvija kompleksiranje.Jedna od tehnika koja se može primijeniti za uspješno razdvajanje i koncentriranje metalnih kationa je transportovanje kroz tečne organske membrane. Proces transporta obuhvata: ekstrakciju, difuziju i povratnu ekstrakciju metalnog kationa. Veća efikasnost kompleksiranja, (veća stabilnost kompleksa) ne mora značiti i efikasniji transport. Veoma značajan je izbor rastvarača kao membrane.U ovom radu su istražene metal-ligand interakcije, sa aspekta vrste rastvarača u kojem se odvijaju. Primjenjene su spektrometrijske (UV/VIS i AAS) tehnike, a istraživanja izvršena na ″model-sistemima″ sastavljenim od: dvovalentnih metalnih kationa (Cd, Pb), liganada               (18-kruna-6, dibenzo-18-kruna-6, TritonX-100), kontra-iona (pikratni ion), te stripping agenasa (tiosulfat). Korišteni su organski rastvarači: dihlormetan, 1,2-dihloretan, hloroform i nitrobenzen. Rezultati su pokazali da među primjenjenim rastvaračima, najveću efikasnost u ulozi tečne membrane ima dihlormetan, kako za sve ispitane metalne katione, tako i za sve primjenjene ligande. Pokazano je da fizičke osobine rastvarača određuju njegovu efikasnost, tako da dihlormetan sa vrijednošću dielektrične konstante (ε = 8.93) nižom od ostalih, kao i manjom viskoznošću (0.4) ima prednost pri izboru kod pripreme tečne membrane za transport ispitanih metalnih kationa.
POREĐENJE KINETIKE PRENOSA MASE ISTO-STRUJNOG I PROTIV-STRUNOG PROCESA OSMOTSKE DEHIDRATACIJE SVINJSKOG MESA
Authors: Lončar Biljana , Filipović Vladimir , Nićetin Milica , Knežević Violeta , Pezo Lato , Ačansk Marijana
Published: April 2019

Postupak osmotske dehidratacije se sastoji od potapanja biološkog materijala, sa određenim sadržajem vode, u koncentrovane vodene rastvore koji sadrže osmotske agense (osmotski rastvor), pri čemu dolazi do prenosa dela mase vode iz ćelijskog materijala u osmotski rastvor. Jedna od mogućnosti povećanja efikasnosti procesa osmotske dehidratacije je primena  protivstrujnog procesa. Praćenje kinetike prenosa mase može da se koristi za procenu efikasnosti procesa osmotske dehidratacije, a primena protivstrujog procesa u osmotskoj dehidrataciji značajno povećava kinetiku prenosa mase u procesu, što dovodi do povećanja sveukupne efikasnost procesa osmotske dehidratacije.Cilj istraživanja je uporedna analiza kinetike prenosa mase u isto-strujnom i protiv-strujnom procesu osmotske dehidratacije svinjskog mesa u tri različita osmotska rastvora.Vreme trajanja procesa i priroda primenjenog osmotskog rastvora su statistički značajno uticali na gubitak vode, prirast suve materije i smanjenje mase u oba tipa procesa.Vrednosti parametara brzine gubitka vode i brzine smanjenja mase u svakom satu procesa i u oba tipa procesa, bile su najviše za R3, zatim za R2, a najmanje vrednosti za R1, dok je za brzinu prirasta suve materije zavisnost obrnuta.Sa protokom vremena trajanja procesa dolazi do većeg razblaženja osmotskih rastvora u istrostrujnim procesima, bržeg pada vrednosti brzine gubitka vode i brzine smanjenja mase i manjeg pada istih vrednosti u protivstrujnim procesima za sva tri osmotska rastvora, tako da do kraja petog sata sve vrednosti brzine smanjenja mase u protivstrujnim procesima su veće od odgovarajućih vrednosti u istrostrujnim procesima.
BIOLOŠKO UKLANJANJE AMONIJUM JONA IZ VODE ZA PIĆE
Authors: Drljača Dijana , Dalmacija Božo , Vukić Ljiljana , Zorić Slobodanka
Published: April 2019

Biološki procesi uklanjanja amonijum jona iz vode za piće, poput biofiltracije, zauzimaju sve više paţnje, s obzirom dase primjenom ovih procesa mogu izbjeći toksiĉni nusproizvodi dezinfekcije, ali i problemi koji se pojavljuju udistribucionom sistemu. Istraţivanja su sprovedena na poluindustrijskom postrojenju („Pilot―) u a.d. „Vodovod― BanjaLuka projektovanom za ispitivanje i optimizaciju procesa pripreme vode za piće iz površinske vode (rijeka Vrbas).Ciklus istraţivanja biološkog uklanjanja amonijum jona na filterima proveden je u ljetnom, jesenjem i zimskom periodupri hidrauliĉkom opterećenju sirove vode od 1,2–2 m3/h. Biološka filtracije na poluindustrijskom postrojenju, praćenaje na jedno- i dvo-medijumskim filterima uz promjenu brzine filtracije i temperature ulazne vode. Pri brzini filtracije od3,3 m/h nije postignuta potpuna nitrifikacija. Nepotpunost nitrifikacije ogleda se u nepotpunosti njene druge faze –nitratifikacije, dok je proces nitritifikacije konstantan na oba filtera (pijesak; pijesak+antracit), za sve primijenjeneinicijalne koncentracije amonijum jona (γ = 0,6-1,3 mg NH4+- N/L). Pri brzini filtracije od 0,8 m/h postiţe se potpunanitrifikacija ĉak i pri sniţavanju temperature sa 11,1° na 8,8°C.
Flavonoidna jedinjenja biljaka roda Achillea L. i njihova biološka aktivnost
Authors: Jokić Nevena , Topalić Trivunović Ljiljana , Rodić Grabovac Branka
Published: April 2019

Biljke iz roda Achillea (familija Compositae) obiluju biološki aktivnim sastojcima, međukojima su najvažnija flavonoidna jedinjenja. Flavonoidi su sekundarni metaboliti kojisu široko zastupljeni u biljnom svijetu i imaju različite funkcije u metabolizmu biljaka.U ovom radu su dati rezultati istraživanja biološke aktivnosti najvažnijih flavonoidnihjedinjenja prisutnih u biljkama roda Achillea među kojima su najzastupljeniji apigenin,luteolin i kvercetin, te njihovi glukozidi. Među flavonoidnim heterozidima pronađenisu monoglukozidi (uglavnom O-glukozidi, C-glukozidi i O-glukuronidi) i diglukozidi(O-diglukozidi, C-diglukozidi, O-rutinozidi). Eksperimenti su pokazali da flavonoidipronađeni u biljkama ovog roda imaju širok spektar bioloških aktivnosti. Istraživanjesprovedeno na terminalnom ileumu zamorčeta je pokazalo spazmolitičku aktivnostapigenina, luteolina i kvercetina. Dokazano je da apigenin i luteolin imaju estrogenuaktivnost, a značajno je i antidijabetičko djelovanje luteolina usljed inhibicije enzimaα-glukozidaze. Na različitim ćelijskim linijama karcinoma je dokazano da kasticin icentaureidin, takođe važni flavonoidi roda Achillea, imaju antitumorsku aktivnost, aeksperiment sproveden na pacovima je pokazao antihipertenzivno djelovanje flavonoidaartemetina. Poznato je da flavonoidi imaju antioksidativno djelovanje, a to je potvrđenoi kod vrsta roda Achillea.
Uporedna analiza svojstava različitih sorti lana uzgojenih u okolini Banjaluke
Authors: Lazić Biljana , Kostić Mirjana , Janjić Svjetlana
Published: April 2019

U okviru ovog rada ispitivana je mogućnost uzgoja i izvršena uporedna analizasvojstava različitih sorti lana uzgojenih u toku jedne godine u nizinskom kontinentalnompodručju u okolini grada Banja Luka (Republika Srpska, Bosna i Hercegovina). Naeksperimentalnim parcelama su zasijane tri sorte lana: Jitka (Češka), Venica (Češka)i Zaječar (Srbija) uz primjenu istih agronomskih uslova, a nakon provedenih ogleda suutvrđeni: visina, prečnik i prinos stabljike, sadržaj sjemena i sadržaj dugih i kratkih vlakana.Za uzorke izdvojenih vlakana su utvrđeni: hemijski sastav (prateće supstance rastvorljive uvodi, masti i voskovi, pektini, α-celuloza, hemiceluloze, lignin i pepeo), fizičko-mehaničkasvojstava (dužina, finoća i prekidna jačina vlakana) i sposobnost zadržavanja vode (SZV).Najbolja svojstva je pokazala češka sorta Venica, kod koje je utvrđena najveća prosječnavisina stabljike i najveći sadržaj vlakana koja su imala najveću dužinu, finoću i jačinu uodnosu na sorte Jitka i Zaječar. Na osnovu provedenih ogleda i dobijenih rezultata možese zaključiti da bi, s obzirom na količinu i kvalitet izdvojenih vlakana, revitalizacija predivoglana na ovom području bila u potpunosti opravdana.
Analiza proteina pšenice kapilarnom gel elektroforezom (cge )
Authors: Savanovic Danica , Grujić Radoslav , Torbica Aleksandra , Savanović Jovo
Published: April 2019

Proteini pšenice se smatraju najvažnijim komponentama koje utiču na pecivnasvojstva brašna. Karakterišu se visokom heterogenošću i velikim rasponom molekulskihmasa. Za razdvajanje i identifikaciju proteina mogu se koristiti različite tehnike. Ciljovog rada je bio da se ispita mogućnosti primjene SDS-kapilarne gel elektroforeze(SDS-CGE) za analizu i kvantifikaciju proteina iz pšeničnog brašna. Razdvajanjeproteina iz tijesta izrađenog od pšeničnog brašna vršeno je pomoću kapilarneelektroforeze (Agilent, CE 7100) uz korištenje SDS-MW Analysis Kit-a (BeckmanCoulter). Podaci o migracionim vremenima i površinama pikova pojedinačnih proteinasa elektoforegrama su analizirani pomoću softvera ChemStation Software (AgilentTechnologies, PaloAlto, CA). Na elektroforegramu, dobijenom nakon analize proteina,razdvojeno je 57 proteina različitih molekulskih masa, u rasponu od 10 kDa do 225kDa. Najveći broj razdvojenih proteina je imao masu od 0 do 20 kDa (22 proteina),dok je broj razdvojenih proteina većih molekulskih masa bio mnogo manji (3 proteinamase od 100 do 150 kDa i 5 proteina su imali mase veće od 150 kDa). Ova metodaomogućava preciznu identifikaciju i kvantifikaciju proteina pšenice i može se koristitiza izučavanje
Removal of organic pollutants from municipal wastewater by a horizontal pilot - scale constructed wetland utilizing Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia - Effectiveness monitoring per season
Authors: Toromanovic Merima , Ibrahimpašić Jasmina , Topalić-Trivunović Ljiljana , Šišić Ifet
Published: April 2019

Constructed wetlands, as an alternative to conventional methods, are systemsdesigned on the basis of the application of natural purification processes that take placein watery and swampy overgrown habitats, with certain microbiological groups. In thewastewater treatment process various types of constructed wetlands can be combinedto achieve a higher efficiency of the purification.In this study, the removal effectiveness of the organic substances from municipalwastewater was monitored, using a horizontal pilot - scale constructed wetlandutilizing Typha latifolia and Phragmites australis. In addition to the measurement oforganic substances content through COD, BOD and KMnO4 consumption, and totaldissolved substances (TDS) in influent and effluent, microbiological sample analysis wasperformed, monitored by total number of coliform bacteria.The aim of this study was to calculate the effectiveness of removing organicsubstances from municipal wastewater, depending on the season, as well as theeffectiveness of eliminating total coliform bacteria.The results of one-year research have shown that the removal effectiveness ofthe organic substances from municipal wastewater, expressed as the chemical oxygendemand (COD), was the highest in summer - 87.82% ± 2.83%, and the lowest in thewinter - 64.51% ± 5.89%. During the study, effectiveness of elimination of total coliformbacteria was 97.88 ± 0.80% and total dissolved substances 71.27% .
ГРАДИТЕЉСКО НАСЉЕЂЕ ШИПОВА
Authors: Малиновић Мирослав
Published: April 2019

У ширем географском смислу, општина Шипово налази се на 440о17’ сје-верне географске ширине и на 170о06’ источне географске дужине.У ужем географском смислу Шипово се налази у југозападном дијелуРепублике Српске, укупне површине 510 км2, на којој живи око 11.000становника.
VERBA VOLANT SCRIPTA MANENT
Authors: Врућинић Љиљана
Published: April 2019

Горан Комар је несумњиво данас највећи и најпродуктивнији истраживач средњовјековних ћириличних натписа. Фокус истраживања у великој мјери усмјерава на подручје Источне Херцеговине, с обзиром да се баш ту чува претежни дио босанскохерцеговачких средњовјековних гробних спомени-ка, познатих као стећци, као и највећи број ћириличних натписа. Не умању-јући значај претходно проведених истраживања натписа на стећцима од стране познатих и признатих истраживача на челу са Видом Вулетићем-Ву-касовићем, и за њим Ћиром Трухелком, а онда, у другоме врхунцу, Марком Вегом и Шефиком Бешлагићем, сусрети са натписима Херцеговине, овом неуморно истраживачу, указивали су на потребу помјерања са нивоа сазна-ња које је ћирилична епиграфика изњедрила до 1970. године, доносећи при том нови приступ, јер искуство говори да се стари натписи „најсигурније читају прстима, а провјеравају очима – „читај како је усјечено“. Ипак оваква метода, била је отежавајућа околност за објављивање резултата истражива-ња у редакцијама научних часописа у Црној Гори и Србији, с обзиром на захтјев рецезената за пружање снимака натписа, а затим цртежа-скица. За аутора ова чињеница има посебну важност, јер жели указати да снимци не обезбјеђују сигурно препознавање словних облика у детаљима, а у великом броју случајева натписи се и не виде. Ранији истраживачи, у првом реду Марко Вего користили су методу гипсаног одливка, без провјеравања на терену, што је резултовало бројним погрешкама и превидима. Управо из тих разлога аутор Зборника „Стари ћирилични натписи Источне Херцего-вине“ наводи појединачно све некрополе и споменике који чувају натписе, како оне које су претходно објављени, тако и они који је овај истраживач открио у своме тернеском истраживању, које је континуирано проводио од 2004. до 2014. године у предјелима херцеговачких општина Требиње, Љубиње, Берковићи (Дабар), Столац, Неум, Чапљина, Невесиње, Гацко, Билећа, касније и Калиновика као и Никшића, Плужина и Херцегег Новог, који су данас на територији Црне Горе.
НОВИ ЖИВОТ ФРЕСАКА У СПОМЕН-КУЋИ НА ТЈЕНТИШТУ
Authors: Шотра Дурсун Вања
Published: April 2019

Меморијални комплекс на Тјентишту подигнут је у спомен на значајну бит-ку између окупационих снага и ослободилачке војске, која се 1943. године одиграла на ширем подручју данашњег Националног парка Сутјеска, а позната је као Пета офанзива. У историјским хроникама Пета непријатељс-ка офанзива (15. мај–15. јун 1943. год.), позната као операција Шварц, имала је за циљ да уништи главну Оперативну групу Народноослободилачке бор-бе и Тита. Сматра се једном од најславнијих и најтрагичнијих епопеја НОБ-а. Утврђен је идентитет 7.356 палих бораца.
A virtual burrow assay for head–fixed mice measures habituation, discrimination, exploration and avoidance without training
Authors: Fink Andrew JP , Axel Richard , Schoonover Carl E
Published: April 2019

We have designed an assay that measures approach and avoidance behaviors in head-fixed mice at millisecond timescale, is compatible with standard electrophysiological and optical methods for measuring neuronal activity, and requires no training. The Virtual Burrow Assay simulates a scenario in which a mouse, poised at the threshold of its burrow, evaluates whether to exit the enclosure or to retreat inside. The assay provides a sensitive readout of habituation, discrimination and exploration, as well as avoidance of both conditioned and innately aversive cues.
Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of a Squash leaf curl virus isolate from Baja California Sur, Mexico
Authors: Medina-Hernández Diana , Caamal-Chan M. Goretty , Vargas-Salinas Mayela , Loera-Muro Abraham , Barraza Aarón , Holguín-Peña Ramón Jaime
Published: April 2019

Background

The begomovirus, squash leaf curl virus (SLCuV) is one of the causal agents of squash leaf curl (SLC) disease, which is among the most destructive diseases of cucurbit crops in tropical, subtropical, and semiarid regions worldwide. This disease was originally reported in the American continent with subsequent spread to the Mediterranean basin. Up to now, SLCuV has only been detected by PCR in Mexico. This study provides the first complete sequence of a Mexican SLCuV isolate from Baja California Sur (BCS). In addition, the genome of the virus was characterized, establishing its phylogenetic relationship with other SLCuV isolates.

Methods

The full genome (DNA-A and DNA-B) was amplified by rolling circle amplification, cloned and sequenced and the open reading frames (ORF) were annotated. Virus identification was performed according to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) criteria for begomovirus species demarcation. To infer evolutionary relationship with other SLCuV isolates, phylogenetic and recombination analyses were performed.

Results

The SLCuV-[MX-BCS-La Paz-16] genome (DNA-A and DNA-B) had 99% identity with SLCuV reference genomes. The phylogenetic analysis showed that SLCuV-[MX-BCS-La Paz-16] is closely related to SLCuV isolates from the Middle East (Egypt, Israel, Palestine and Lebanon). No evidence of interspecific recombination was determined and iterons were 100% identical in all isolates in the SLCuV clade.

Conclusions

SLCuV-[MX-BCS-La Paz-16] showed low genetic variability in its genome, which could be due to a local adaptation process (isolate environment), suggesting that SLCuV isolates from the Middle East could have derived from the southwestern United States of America (USA) and northwestern Mexico.
Rapid Assessment of the Sex Ratio of the Fiddler Crab, Uca tangeri, in Two Mangrove Habitats on the Bonny River
Authors: Torle M. , Miebaka M. , Onwuteaka J.
Published: April 2019

A rapid assessment of the sex ratio of the fiddler crab, Uca tangeri, was undertaken in two mangrove habitats on the Bonny River which were undergoing intense human impact as a result of dredging and urbanization activities. The contrasting adult sex ratios of 4:1 of male to female at Eagle Island and 1:2.6 at Rumuolumini and or juveniles showing 2.4:1 (Eagle Island) and 1:1.8 (Rumuolumini) were highly significant (χ2 test, P<0.05). This shows evidence of studies supporting deviation in Uca spp from the 1:1 proportion. Evidence of anthropogenic activity and intensive socioeconomic exploitation provided no explanation for the contrasting high deviation in ratio of males to females between Eagle Island and Rumuolumeni habitats. Megalopae settlement is evident but the physical, chemical and interspecific cues that determine gender balance are necessary for any intended future conservation planning.
Ageing Induced Hyperproduction of Reactive Oxygen Species and Dysbalance in Enzymatic Link of Antioxidant Defense System of Skin and Therapeutic Efficacy of Artichoke Extract
Authors: Sukoyan Galina V. , Gongadze Nikoloz V. , Demina Natalya B. , Golovach Veronika V. , Tsivtsivadze Edisher T. , Bakuridze Alesha D.
Published: April 2019

Skin aging is multitarget persistence processing that immediately involve hyperproduction of free radicals under influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors and deterioration in intimal antioxidant defense system. The goal of the study was the evaluation of the anti-oxidant potential of artichoke standartizated extracts, 2%, as a protective strategy against skin age-associated oxidative damage caused by D-galactose (D-gal) in rats. 58 female Wistar rats included in the experimental design. D-gal-induced aging was reproduced in 36 animals of main group, and 12 rats included in control group.  All animals in main group were randomized for 3 groups: I – animals with skin aging reproduced model receive saline, II – animals with skin aging rats receive artichoke extracts (with content of chloroagenic acid 2.0%) in a dose of intradermal injection 0.13 mg/kg and main III group - animals with skin aging receive 1.3 mg/kg artichoke extract twice at weeks during 4 weeks. Influence of artichoke extracts restores skin relative weight and leads to decreasing the rate of generation of superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation (LPx), increasing activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and reverse ratio SOD/(catalase+GPx) to the production of H2O2 from superoxide dismutation coupling with the decrease ratio of generated O2-/H2O2. Low-dose of intradermally microinjection of artichoke extracts, 2%, activated the enzymatic link in innate antioxidant defense system in D-gal-induced skin aging model and could be recommended for applications in cosmetics as antiaging mesotherapy.