bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LA LEY DE LA RADIACIÓN NEGRA Y SU RELACIÓN CON LA FUNCIÓN ZETA DE RIEMANN
Authors: Carrillo Martínez Roosevelt , Barrios Escobar Humberto , Duarte Julio Enrique
Published: October 2018

En la ley de radiación térmica, encontrada por Max Plank, para dar explicación teórica a la curva de radiación que habían encontrado los experimentalistas para la radiancia espectral y las leyes de radiación implícitas en dicha radiancia, se encuentra con una integral que conduce a la función Zeta de Riemann y la ley de Stefan-Boltzmann que se cumple en la radiación espectral del cuerpo negro. Se parte de la ley de distribución de Boltzmann; a continuación se presenta la formulación matemática de Planck de la radiación para luego llegar a la solución de dicha ecuación. En este desarrollo se muestra cómo se pueden entrelazar dos principios: uno físico, la ley de radiación negra, con uno matemático, la función zeta de Riemann, y llegar a la deducción de otro principio fundamental: la constante universal de radiación.
USO DE LA ELECTROMIOGRAFÍA DE SUPERFICIE COMO MÉTODO DE EVALUACIÓN EN LA MECÁNICA DEGLUTORIA.
Authors: Alvarez Anaya William Armando , Carrillo Santos Jesus David , Navarro Martinez Isabel Cristina
Published: October 2018

INTRODUCCION con el paso del tiempo la electromiografía ha logrado avances científicos en la evaluación de las funciones estomatognáticas, determinando las características particulares de los medios tecnológicos para la toma del examen, en el análisis e interpretación de resultados, demostrando la pertinencia objetiva de la evaluación electromiografía en la función oral faríngea, sin embargo a la actualidad se evidencia escases de protocolos de evaluación que permite guiar y recoger las señales necesarias para una confirmación diagnóstica en trastornos deglutorios, precisando diferentes mecanismos para la evaluación individual y grupal de los músculos que participan en las funciones deglutorias. METODOS la investigación recolecto información de diferentes bases de datos haciendo uso de descriptores tales como: electromiografía, deglución y disfagia; aplicando el método descriptivo, apoyado en un matriz de análisis. RESULTADOS se realizó búsqueda en diferentes bases de datos y revistas científicas, obteniendo un total de 360 artículos de los cuales según los criterios de inclusión y exclusión definidos se incluyen el presente artículo 14 textos, los cuales aplican electromiografía en la deglución. ANALISIS Y DISCUSION se encontró mayor aplicabilidad de la electromiografía en países como España con 28,57% y a nivel nacional se evidenció solo un 21,42% de artículos relacionados con la temática. CONCLUSIONES se sugiere la continuar en la búsqueda de evidencia que permita emplear la electromiografía como un método diagnóstico.
EFECTOS DEL NUEVO SISTEMA GENERAL DE REGALÍAS (SGR) SOBRE EL DESEMPEÑO FISCAL DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE CASANARE
Authors: Alvarez Sierra José Andrés
Published: October 2018

En este documento se evalúan los efectos de la implementación del Sistema General de Regalías (SGR) sobre el desempeño fiscal del Departamento, entre los recursos más importantes con que cuenta para consolidar el desarrollo y competitividad territorial de Casanare tenemos las regalías, que venían siendo ejecutadas con inequidad, ineficiencia y corrupción. Por esto, el Gobierno nacional realizó la modificación constitucional conocida como Acto Legislativo 005 de 2011. A partir de este acto legislativo se ha venido reglamentando el Sistema General de Regalías (SGR) de manera radical y en especial su distribución, así mismo la forma de cómo acceder y ejecutar dichos recursos. Debido a estos importantes cambios, en el presente documento se realiza un análisis del comportamiento histórico del anterior régimen y el nuevo Sistema General de Regalías (SGR) y el efecto sobre el desempeño fiscal del Departamento de Casanare.
IMPACTO ECONÓMICO, SOCIAL Y FINANCIERO QUE TIENE EL MOTOTAXISMO EN LA CIUDAD DE FLORENCIA CAQUETÁ
Authors: Vargas Luis Fernando , Tróchez Fajardo Kerly Johanna , Tequin Riascos Dina Yaney
Published: October 2018

La falta de oportunidades laborales en Florencia influyó para que la informalidad creciera, el mototaxismo como problemática social; se tomó como objeto de investigación para conocer aspectos sociales, económicos y financieros que repercuten de este medio de trabajo, el objetivo fue conocer el comportamiento de diferentes variables a partir de una encuesta dirigida y aplicada a 333 personas, en su mayoría hombres con un 94%, como resultado se conoció que esta actividad evidencia que el 91% de los encuestados tienen bajo nivel de estudio, los ingresos generados son buenos debido al precio de las tarifas que manejan para cada carrera.
METODOLOGIA: TAMIZ AUDITIVO NEONATAL
Authors: Cañas Sandra Johanna Aguilar , Redondo Andrés Llanos , Nieto Ángela Patricia Ayala , Portilla Edwin Mauricio Portilla , Rangel Rosa Liliana Espinal
Published: October 2018

INTRODUCCIÓN: El propósito de esta revisión fue reunir evidencia disponible sobre metodologías para la realización del tamizaje auditivo neonatal en términos de uso y efectividad (1) METODOS: : se realizó la búsqueda de artículos en bases de datos electrónicas, enmarcado en un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, en relación a la aplicación del tamiz auditivo neonatal universal.RESULTADOS: Fueron incluidos 30 artículos, identificando que las pruebas más aplicadas son OEA Transitorias (TEOAE) y los Potenciales Evocados de Latencia Corta del Tronco Cerebral.ANÁLISIS Y DISCUSIÓN: Se pudo evidenciar que en la aplicación de estas metodologías prevalentes, el profesional de fonoaudiología no siempre está incluido. Los criterios para la realización en la mayoría de los casos está asociado a parámetros de alto riesgo al nacer y no siempre se lleva a cabo en todos los nacimientos como se establece en la política de tamizaje neonatal Universal (2) CONCLUSIONES: Es relevante la participación de personal especializado como otorrinolaringólogos, fonoaudiólogos y audiólogos en la realización del tamiz auditivo(3). Un oportuno diagnóstico, atención y rehabilitación puede marcar la diferencia en el desarrollo infantil, sin embargo no hay suficiente evidencia sobre las conductas a seguir de acuerdo al tipo de hallazgo en el tamizaje auditivo (4)
ANÁLISIS DE FORMANTES VOCÁLICOS NORMALIZADOS Y NO-NORMALIZADOS PARA EL ESPAÑOL COLOMBIANO
Authors: Navia Heriberto J. Rangel , Rodriguez Daniela Andrea Chinchilla , Calderon Jennifer Lisbeth Espinosa
Published: October 2018

INTRODUCCIÓN: Definir valores de referencia para diagnóstico del habla a través de los formantes vocálicos normalizados y no-normalizados del español colombiano.  MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal con inclusión población aleatoria por muestreo estratificado. 111 participantes 45 hombres, 66 mujeres. Recolección de datos con frase vehicular para vocales sostenidas. Analisis No-Normalizado usando mediana y media por genero y edad. Análisis Normalizado a través de Labov y Nearey. RESULTADOS: Los valores de referencia encontrados son: (1) No-Normalizados: /a/ F1 867,03 Hz, F2 1435,85 Hz, /e/  F1 482,69 Hz, F2 2152,30 HZ; /i/ F1 330,48 Hz, F2 2400,11 Hz; /o/; F1 488,62 Hz, F2 984,22Hz; /u/ F1 368,93 Hz, F2 815,88 Hz; (2) Normalizción Labov: /a/ F1 1106,8 Hz, F2 1831,1 Hz, /e/  F1 616,5 Hz, F2 2755,4 Hz; /i/ F1 422 Hz, F2 3072 Hz; /o/; F1 623,7 Hz, F2 1255,8 Hz; /u/ F1 471 Hz, F2 1047,7 Hz; (3) Normalización Nearey /a/ F1 846 Hz, F2 1347 Hz, /e/  F1 467 Hz, F2 1954 Hz; /i/ F1 312 Hz, F2 2190 Hz; /o/; F1 463 Hz, F2 940 Hz; /u/ F1 350 Hz, F2 759 Hz. ANÁLISIS Y DISCUSIÓN: El método de normalización que da cuenta de la conformación acústica y articulatoria del español colombiano es el de Nearey con inclusión del tercer formante para el cálculo del centroide S. CONCLUSIONES: La inclusión del tercer formante durante la normalización de Nearey permite ajustar los valores del Espacio Vocálico a la configuración acústica y articulatoria del español.
RUTA DE FORMACIÓN PARA EL EMPRENDIMIENTO EN EDUCACIÓN BÁSICA PRIMARIA, SECUNDARIA Y MEDIA TÉCNICA…” EN COLOMBIA
Authors: Lobo Rubio Germán E. , Rincón Becerra Carmen Aydé , Palomino Méndez Luis Manuel
Published: October 2018

El presente artículo presenta las conclusionesdel proyecto de investigación titulado: “Eldesarrollo de competencias emprendedoras básicas ytransversales y su relación con el fomento a la cultura delemprendimiento y la generación de empresas exitosas” elcual fue propuesto para evidenciar soluciones asituaciones problemáticas detectadas en elámbito académico relacionados con losprocesos que orientan la formación para elemprendimiento y la praxis de procesosemprendedores.El proyecto tenía por objetivo: Determinar loselementos que intervienen en la construcciónde los estándares Básicos para el desarrollo deCompetencias emprendedoras; que deben serincluidos en los procesos de formaciónintegral para el emprendimiento, desde laeducación básica hasta la educación superior.Dicho proyecto obedece a la necesidad de crearherramientas que orienten los procesos deformación para el emprendimiento obligatoria1en las instituciones públicas y privadas debásica primaria, secundaria y media técnica delpaísComo resultado de la investigación se desarrollola “Ruta de formación para el emprendimiento”que puede ser utilizada por las institucioneseducativas2 para optimizar los procesos deformación integral de los estudiantes, medianteel desarrollo de competencias emprendedorasbásicas y transversales que maximicen suscaracterísticas, valores y capacidades comoemprendedores.Palabras claves: Cultura del em
FACTORES DE RIESGO DE SOBREPESO Y OBESIDAD INFANTIL EN ESCOLARES DE TRES INSTITUCIONES EDUCATIVAS DE CÚCUTA
Authors: Reina Germán Wilches
Published: October 2018

La obesidad infantil es uno de los problemas de salud pública más graves del siglo XXI, la cual se ha incrementado en los últimos años en Colombia hasta en un 18,9%. Con miras de conocer la problemática de nuestra región para poder diseñar estrategias de prevención y control de esta malnutrición por exceso, este trabajo tiene como objetivo Identificar el comportamiento de los factores de riesgos relacionados con el sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil presente en escolares de tercero a quinto grado de primaria del Institución Educativa Gimnasio Domingo Savio, Instituto Técnico Guaimaral, Instituto Educativo Pedro Fortoul del municipio de San José de Cúcuta en el periodo 2016-1. Se estudiaron 70 niños entre 8 y 10 años de edad de 3° a 5° de primaria de las tres instituciones de Cúcuta. Se tomaron medidas antropométricas y a partir del peso y la talla se calculó el índice de masa corporal para la clasificación nutricional según lo estipula la resolución 2121 del 2010 y se relacionó con las horas de ocio, actividad física y horas de sueño que realizaban los estudiantes, que fueron evaluadas mediante la aplicación de una encuesta. Los resultados muestran que el 23% de esta población tiene sobrepeso y un 17% presenta obesidad. El patrón de actividad física en los niños se caracteriza por actividades sedentarias como ver televisión o juegos de video. El patrón de sueño se observa que la mayoría de los escolares no están durmiendo las horas recomendadas.
PROPUESTA DE UN SISTEMA DE RECOMENDACIÓN HIBRIDO SEMÁNTICO DE OBJETOS DE APRENDIZAJE EN EL ÁREA DE EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL BASADO EN LINKED DATA
Authors: Guzman Jaime , Cartagena Jennifer , Perez Carlos , Acevedo Marin Eder
Published: October 2018

Este artículo propone una arquitectura para la recomendación de objetos de aprendizaje en el área de Educación Ambiental utilizando el estándar LOM con el fin de representar recursos educativos en dicha área. La información necesaria para el proceso de recomendación será obtenida mediante la tecnología de datos enlazados en asocio con ontologías para recuperar los recursos desde repositorios de Objetos de Aprendizaje existentes en la Web. Paralelamente este sistema de recomendación hace uso de técnicas de filtrado basado en contenidos y colaborativos que favorece la selección de los objetos de acuerdo a los requerimientos del usuario dando como respuesta el material más adecuado al perfil del usuario
CONTROLADOR ROBUSTO QFT DE TEMPERATURA EN TIEMPO REAL
Authors: Núñez Rodríguez Rafael Augusto , Bohórquez Ramírez Lisseth , Martinez Mora Robert
Published: October 2018

Se presenta el diseño de un controlador robusto basado en la técnica QFT para el control de la temperatura interna de un horno eléctrico, que permita estabilidad robusta con base en el margen de ganancia y margen de fase, y rechazo de perturbaciones a la salida del sistema. Se implementó un sistema de adquisición de datos en tiempo real para capturar la variable de temperatura y variar la potencia promedio aplicada a la resistencia de calefacción, en función de la señal de control. El controlador basado en la teoría de realimentación cuantitativa se validó respecto un controlador PID a partir de índices de desempeño y respuesta transitoria, ante cambios en el punto de operación y perturbaciones de carga en la salida de la planta de temperatura.
REVISIÓN DE LA INCORPORACIÓN DE LA ARQUITECTURA ORIENTADA A SERVICIOS EN LAS ORGANIZACIONES.
Authors: Rosado Gomez Alveiro Alonso , Jaimes Fernández Juan Camilo
Published: October 2018

Las Tecnologías de la Información se ha transformado en la tecnología de negocios de las empresas modernas, son empleadas para gestión de los procesos y por ende de la información que a través de ellos se maneja, por lo que surge el gran desafío de cómo mejorar la capacidad de los sistemas, en este sentido se hace evidente el papel de la arquitectura orientada a servicios (SOA) la cual permite la integración se servicios para que varias aplicaciones puedan acceder desde un solo lugar mejorando significativamente la gestión empresarial desde diferentes contextos como el empresarial, el médico, el militar y el internet de las cosas.
Jóvenes y adolescentes en la agenda de los medios gráficos de la norpatagonia
Authors: Poliszuk Sandra
Published: October 2018

En el artículo la autora analiza la relevancia que tienen los jóvenes y los adolescentes en la cobertura informativa de dos diarios de la región norpatagónica de la Argentina, Noticias de la Costa y Río Negro. En el estudio se demuestra que, de un modo sesgado, la agenda de los medios gráficos locales los presenta vinculados, predominantemente, con acontecimientos delictivos o violentos y, muy por debajo, con temáticas como educación, política, actividades recreativas, género y salud.
Effect of radiographic technique on assessment of liver size in Beagles
Authors: Cha Ahyoung , Park Seungjo , Kim Choelhyun , Yoon Sooa , Lee Dahae , Kim Dongeun , Chang Dong Woo , Choi Jihye
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of respiratory phase, body position, beam center location, and gastric distention on radiographic assessment of liver size in dogs.

ANIMALS 12 Beagles.

PROCEDURES Liver length and the ratio of liver length to T11 length were determined on lateral radiographic views obtained with various techniques. Images were acquired at maximal expiration or maximal inspiration, with dogs in right or left recumbency, with the beam centered on the caudal border of the scapula or the 13th rib, and after food was withheld or with gastric distention. Effects on organs adjacent to the liver were assessed with CT. Changes of the thoracic cavity during the respiratory cycle were investigated with fluoroscopy.

RESULTS Liver length was significantly greater on radiographs obtained at maximal expiration than at maximal inspiration, but there was no increase in the ratio of liver length to T11 length. Body position, beam center location, and gastric distention did not significantly affect liver size. For CT, location of the spleen and stomach and location or size of the liver did not change markedly between right and left recumbency. Fluoroscopy revealed that thoracic width was less at maximal expiration than maximal inspiration.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Liver length was greater at maximal expiration than at maximal inspiration because of a smaller thoracic width. Body position, beam center location, and gastric distention did not affect liver length. The ratio of liver length to T11 length was not significantly affected by any of the factors investigated.
Effects of a nutrient-enriched water with and without poultry flavoring on water intake, urine specific gravity, and urine output in healthy domestic cats fed a dry kibble diet
Authors: Zanghi Brian M. , Wils-Plotz Emma , DeGeer Staci , Gardner Cari L.
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVE To investigate water intake and urine measures in healthy cats provided free-choice access to a nutrient-enriched water with (NWP) or without (NW) added poultry flavoring offered at 3 different volumes in addition to tap water (TW).

ANIMALS 36 domestic shorthair cats.

PROCEDURES Control group cats (n = 4) received dry food with TW ad libitum throughout the study. Cats of the NW and NWP groups (n = 16/group) received the same food with TW only (period 1; 7 days) followed by TW and the assigned treatment ad libitum at 1X, 1.5X, and 2X the volume of TW consumed in period 1 during periods 2 (17 days), 3 (10 days), and 4 (10 days), respectively. Liquid consumption, food intake, and total water intake (from all sources) were measured; urine collected over 48 hours in each period was measured, and urine specific gravity (USG) was determined. Data were analyzed with mixed-effects models.

RESULTS TW and food calorie intake were similar among groups in period 1; TW consumption by control cats did not differ during the study. Liquid consumed by drinking increased 18%, 57%, and 96% for the NWP group in periods 2, 3, and 4, respectively, with increases of 25% and 44% for the NW group in periods 3 and 4, respectively, compared with period 1 values for the same groups. Increased urine output and decreased USG were significantly associated with period and treatment.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Increasing the volumes of NW or NWP offered to healthy cats led to increased free liquid consumption and was associated with greater urine output and dilution as measured by USG. Studies are warranted to determine whether these treatments provide health benefits for cats in need of greater water consumption.
Risk of environmental exposure to small coccidia from wild canid feces in rural Ohio
Authors: Moreno-Torres Karla I. , Sinnott Devinn M. , Wolfe Barbara A. , Marsh Antoinette E. , Saville William J. A. , Moritz Mark , Garabed Rebecca B.
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVE To determine the extent of environmental exposure to heteroxenous coccidia from wild canid feces in southeastern Ohio.

SAMPLE 285 presumed wild canid fecal samples collected across an ecological system in southeastern Ohio.

PROCEDURES Morphological classification and molecular analysis were used to determine the canid genus for collected fecal samples. Microscopic and molecular analysis were used to detect coccidian oocysts and DNA. Several variables were analyzed for associations with coccidian DNA detection or prevalence.

RESULTS Coccidian DNA was detected in 51 of 285 (17.9%) fecal samples. Of those positive samples, 1% (95% confidence interval, 0.4% to 3%) had positive results for Hammondia heydorni and none had positive results for Neospora caninum, for an estimated environmental N caninum prevalence of 0% (95% confidence interval, 0% to 7%)/1-km2 hexagonal area evaluated. Morphological classification revealed that 78.9% (225/285) of fecal samples were from coyotes and 17.2% (49/285) were from foxes. No difference in proportions of coccidian DNA-positive fecal samples was identified among canid species. Environmental temperature and fecal freshness were associated with coccidian DNA detection. Land use type, relative canid density, and cattle density were not associated with the prevalence of coccidian DNA-positive samples.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The low prevalence of coccidia shed in wild canid feces in this study, including the estimated 0% environmental prevalence of N caninum, suggested that the role of the oocyst environmental phase in coccidia transmission to ruminants is likely minor in rural southeastern Ohio.
Effects of furosemide administration to water-deprived inland bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps)
Authors: Parkinson Lily A. , Mans Christoph
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diuretic effects and associated changes in hematologic and plasma biochemical values following SC furosemide administration to water-deprived inland bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps).

ANIMALS 9 bearded dragons.

PROCEDURES In a crossover study design, furosemide (5 or 10 mg/kg) was administered SC every 12 hours for 4 doses or no treatment (control treatment) was provided for the same period. Food and water were withheld. Body weight was recorded before (baseline) and 12 hours after treatment sessions ended and then after 5 minutes of soaking in a water bath. Blood samples were collected at baseline and 12 hours after treatment sessions ended for various measurements.

RESULTS Compared with control values, a significant decrease from baseline in body weight was detected after furosemide treatment at 5 and 10 mg/kg (mean ± SD percentage decrease, 5.5 ± 3.2% and 5.2 ± 4.1%, respectively). Soaking resulted in a significant increase in body weight after the 5- and 10-mg/kg furosemide treatments (mean ± SD percentage increase, 2.9 ± 1.8% and 5.6 ± 2.5%, respectively), compared with change in body weight after the control treatment (0.7 ± 0.7%). Plasma total solids and total protein concentrations increased significantly with both furosemide treatments, and PCV increased significantly with the 10 mg/kg treatment only. No significant or relevant differences were identified in plasma osmolarity or uric acid or electrolyte concentrations.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Furosemide as administered resulted in hemoconcentration and weight loss in bearded dragons, most likely owing to its diuretic effects. With additional research, furosemide could be considered for treatment of congestive heart failure and other conditions requiring diuresis in bearded dragons.
Circulating miR-210 and miR-1246 as potential biomarkers for differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma from metastatic tumors in the liver
Authors: Ahmed Emad K. , Fahmy Shaimaa A. , Effat Heba , Wahab Abdel Hady Abdel
Published: October 2018

Background

To date few reports have pointed out the role of circulating miRNAs in discriminating metastatic liver tumors from primary hepatocellular (HCC) tumors. Such discrimination will have significant therapeutic and prognostic implications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential value of a panel of HCC-related circulating miRNAs (miR-142, miR-182, miR-200a, mir-210, miR-211, miR-302b, miR-324, miR-338, miR-340 and miR-1246) as noninvasive biomarkers for discriminating primary HCC from metastatic tumors in the liver.

Methods

The expression level of the selected miRNAs was quantified by quantitative real time PCR in 33 patients with HCC, 22 patients with metastatic tumors in the liver, and 30 healthy volunteers as control. Mann-Whitney U test was used to evaluate the difference in miRNAs expression between primary and metastatic liver tumors and to study the associations between their relative expression levels and the clinicopathological factors. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of the individual miRNAs.

Results

Statistical analyses revealed a differential expression in the level of serum miR-210 and miR-1246 between the two groups of patients. The sensitivity and specificity of miR-210, for differentiating HCC from metastatic malignancies in the liver were found to be 73.7% and 64.28%, respectively. Whilst, of miR-1246 were 72.2% and 67.8%, respectively. In addition, the differential expression of the two miRNAs was also found to be associated with clinicopathological parameters in the two studied groups.

Conclusions

Serum miR-210 and miR-1246 have some diagnostic value for discriminating patients with metastatic tumors to patients with primary HCC
T cell subsets’ distribution in elite karate athletes as a response to physical effort
Authors: Kostrzewa-Nowak Dorota , Buryta Rafał , Nowak Robert
Published: October 2018

Background

During karate fight muscles work at a very high intensity, and their contractions are extremely strong. The movement pattern contains a great number of feints, dodges, frequent changes in movements’ tempo and direction, hits and kicks, all of which is highly stressful for athlete’s organism, including the immune system.

Methods

T lymphocyte subsets’ distribution and selected cytokines in peripheral blood of three elite karate athletes aged 30 years old (range 21–31 years) with minimum 15 years of training experience were analysed in two experiments: at the beginning of the preparatory phase (a progressive test until exhaustion; an analysis of immune system’s selected parameters and cardiorespiratory fitness measures, including VO2max, VE, AT, MVV, MET, Rf), and during the start-up period (Karate Championships; an analysis of selected parameters of the immune system).

Results

Maximal effort caused an increase in total lymphocyte percentage (p<0.05). A decrease in Th cells in recovery (p<0.05 compared to post-exercise), and an increase in Th naïve cells in recovery (p<0.05) were observed. A significant increase in CD8+central memory cells (p<0.05) was found only after the progressive test, and no changes in both central and effector memory subsets of CD4+cells during the first experiment. An increase (p<0.05) in Treg and Th1 and a decrease (p<0.05) in Th2 cells’ distribution during recovery time were found. Additionally, changes (p<0.05) in TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-12p70 were observed.

Conclusion

Post-effort disorder in immune balance activated compensation pathways involving CD4+cells. Treg and Th1 cells seem to be subsets of key importance involved in the anabolic effect of physical effort, at least among karate athletes.
Novel Associations Between Brca1 Variants C.181 T>G (Rs28897672) and Ovarian Cancer Risk in Saudi Females
Authors: Alyahri Nora , Abdi Saba , Khan Wajahatullah , Elrobh Mohamed , Addar Mohammed H. , Babay Zeneb A. , Alanazi Mohamed , Aldaihan Sooad , Shaik Jilani , Arafah Maha , Parine Narasimha Reddy , Warsy Arjumand
Published: October 2018

Background: Mutations in BRCA1 gene have been implicated in ovarian cancers, and BRCA testing may be conducted in high-risk women. This study was designed to determine the frequency of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) variants in BRCA1 gene and BRCA1 expression in Saudi females with ovarian cancer.

Methods: Expression levels of mRNA of BRCA1 gene were studied in 10 ovarian cancer and 10 normal ovarian tissues, by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The study also included 28 females who had suffered from ovarian cancer and had been successfully operated upon and 90 healthy females with no history of cancer. Blood was drawn in EDTA tubes and used for extraction of DNA. The genotyping was carried out using Taqman® SNP Genotyping kit by RT-PCR. The variants investigated included c.871 T>C (rs799917), c.1040 G>A (rs4986852), c.181 T>G (rs28897672) in BRCA1 gene.

Results: The c.181 T>G (rs28897672) showed significantly different genotype and allele frequencies between the patients and the control subjects (p value = 0.002 and 0.02, respectively). The genotype TG was significantly protective (OR = 0.36, p value = 0.024). The mRNA expression of BRCA1 gene was found to be low in the ovarian cancer tissues.

Conclusions: This study showed that c.181 T>G in BRCA1 genes is associated with the development of ovarian cancer in Saudis. More studies are needed to unveil other SNPs that may be associated with ovarian cancer and to understand the mechanism(s) involved in reducing the expression of BRCA1 gene in ovarian cancer tissues.
Influence of the genetic makeup of common carp on the expression of iron-related genes during Trypanoplasma borreli infection
Authors: Kamińska-Gibas Teresa , Irnazarow Ilgiz , Szczygieł Joanna , Jurecka Patrycja
Published: October 2018

Introduction

Genes related to iron metabolism play an important role in inflammatory response. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of ferritin, transferrin receptors 1a and 1b, and transferrin genes in the response to blood parasite infection in common carp (Cyprinuscarpio L.).

Material and Methods

Two genetically distinct carp groups were used: R3 carp, which are established as being sensitive to parasitic infection, and SA carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus) of wild origin. An established challenge model with Trypanoplasma borreli was applied. Challenged carp were sampled to determine their expression levels of transferrin receptors 1a and 1b, ferritin, and transferrin mRNA. Mortality and serum iron concentration were also measured.

Results

The study revealed contrasting differences in the expression profiles of all key iron regulatory genes except the transferrin gene. In the case of other parameters, significant differences were also observed.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate that the level of parasitic infection depends on the blood iron status. This parameter was related to the origin of the fish.
Genetic analysis of Toxocara spp. in stray cats and dogs in Van province, Eastern Turkey
Authors: Oguz Bekir , Ozdal Nalan , Serdar Deger M.
Published: October 2018

Introduction

Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati are roundworms of dogs and cats. The purpose of this study was to investigate the infection caused by these ascarids in cats and dogs, using microscopic and molecular analysis methods.

Material and Methods

Adult ascarids were gathered from the faeces of dogs and cats in Van province, in 2015–2016. Existing keys and PCR sequencing of the ITS-2 fragment were used to identify the morphological features of the parasite species.

Results

It was observed that out of 20 adult ascarids, 17 and 3 were found to be Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati, respectively. The ITS-2 gene region was amplified by PCR to perform molecular analysis. Genotyping indicated that the dogs and cats were infected with T. canis and T. cati, respectively, and none had Toxascaris leonina.

Conclusion

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the molecular characteristics of adult ascaridoid nematodes from cats and dogs in Turkey. The molecular approaches established in this study enable molecular identification and genetic structure studies of the ascaridoids.
Amitraz marker residues in honey from honeybee colonies treated with Apiwarol
Authors: Pohorecka Krystyna , Kiljanek Tomasz , Antczak Maja , Skubida Piotr , Semkiw Piotr , Posyniak Andrzej
Published: October 2018

Introduction

Amitraz is a formamide exhibiting both acaricidal and insecticidal activity and is frequently used by beekeepers to protect honeybee colonies against Varroa destructor mites. The aim of this apiary trial was to evaluate the impact of honeybee colony fumigation with amitraz on the level of contamination of honey stored in combs.

Material and Methods

Experimental colonies were fumigated four times every four days with one tablet of Apiwarol per treatment. Honey was sampled from combs of brood chambers and combs of supers one day after each amitraz application and from harvested honey. Amitraz marker residues (as a total of amitraz and metabolites containing parts of molecules with properties specific to the 2,4-DMA group, expressed as amitraz) were evaluated in honey.

Results

All analysed samples were contaminated with amitraz metabolites. 2,4-DMA and DMPF were the most frequently determined compounds. The average concentration of amitraz marker residue in honey from groups where a smouldering tablet was located directly in beehives was significantly higher than that of residue in honey from groups with indirect smoke generation. No significant effect on the honey contamination deriving from the place where it was exposed to smoke (combs of brood chambers and supers) was noted. Amitraz marker residues exceeded the MRL in 10% of honey samples from combs.

Conclusion

Fumigation of beehives with amitraz results in contamination of honey stored in combs.
Lack of association between Epstein–Barr virus and mammary tumours in dogs
Authors: Roa López Gustavo A. , Suárez Jhon Jairo , Barato Paola , García Noel Verján
Published: October 2018

Introduction

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a γ-herpesvirus associated with various neoplasms in humans and is a probable aetiological agent in breast cancer; however, a causal relationship has not yet been established. Because of the epidemiological and clinicopathological similarities between breast cancer and canine mammary tumours, dogs have been proposed as a valid model for breast cancer.

Material and Methods

A total of 47 canine mammary gland tumour tissues were processed by routine histopathological technique with haematoxylin-eosin staining and classified according to the type of neoplasm. DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissues and the EBNA-1 gene and the BamHI-W region specific for EBV were evaluated by nested PCR.

Results

The histopathological evaluation revealed 2 benign neoplasms, and many carcinomas: 2 in situ, 9 simple, 3 solid, 10 complex, and 21 mixed. One sample was positive for the EBNA-1 gene, while all were negative for the BamHI-W region.

Conclusion

No association was found between EBV and mammary tumours in dogs. However, here we report for the first time the presence of an EBV gene sequence in a canine mammary tumour. It is likely that detection of EBV might be affected by the quality and quantity of DNA extracted from paraffin-embedded tissues. Additional studies are necessary to establish any association of EBV with mammary gland cancer in humans and in dogs, which could eventually lead to better public health prevention and control.
Effects of repeated lipopolysaccharide treatment on growth performance, immune organ index, and blood parameters of Sprague-Dawley rats
Authors: Zhong Youbao , Zhang Xianlai , Hu Xiaofen , Li Yong
Published: October 2018

Introduction

The study was designed to investigate the effects of repeated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment on growth performance, lymphoid organ indexes, and blood cells in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Material and Methods

Forty healthy weaned Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly equally divided into LPS and control groups. Each rat in the LPS group was injected via the caudal vein with LPS (100 μg/kg b.w.) for 10 days, and the control group was treated with an equal volume of normal saline. On the 1st, 4th, 7th, and 10th days, growth performance, lymphoid organ indexes, and blood cells were evaluated in five necropsied rats.

Results

When rats were treated 3–10 times with LPS, their body weight and average daily gains increased more slowly than in the control group (P < 0.05). Repeated LPS treatment significantly increased spleen weight and the ratio of spleen to body weight (P < 0.05). White blood cells, neutrophils, and neutrophil percentage increased (P < 0.05) remarkably, but lymphocyte percentage, haemoglobin, and blood platelet counts decreased significantly (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

LPS treatment obviously suppresses growth and promotes peripheral immune organ proliferation. It is indicated that host protective mechanism can be activated by multiple small doses of LPS and prevents organs from further damage during stress status.
Dependence of sperm morphology and ejaculate characteristics on sperm concentration in the ejaculates of Hypor boars
Authors: Górski Krzysztof , Kondracki Stanisław , Wysokińska Anna , Iwanina Maria
Published: October 2018

Introduction

Determination of sperm concentration and morphology in ejaculate is essential in evaluating fertility. Sperm shape and dimensions may depend on their concentration in ejaculate. The aim of the study was to evaluate the dependence of Hypor boar morphological and morphometric sperm characteristics on concentration in ejaculate.

Material and Methods

The study was conducted on 120 ejaculates from 12 Hypor boars. Depending on sperm concentration, they were put into three groups: low, medium, and high. Ejaculate sperm concentration was determined with the photometric method. Slides were prepared from semen samples which were evaluated for the morphology of spermatozoa. The preparations for morphological analyses were by the eosin-gentian staining method.

Results

As the sperm concentration in the ejaculate increased, the length, perimeter, and area of the sperm heads also did. In the ejaculates with higher sperm concentration the sperm heads were rounder. The ratios of head dimensions to tail length or total length were the highest in the sperm from ejaculates with the highest concentrations. The highest percentage of morphologically abnormal sperm was noted in ejaculates with low concentrations.

Conclusion

The dimensions and shape of sperm depend on the sperm concentration in the ejaculate. In ejaculates with the highest concentrations, the sperm have larger dimensions. Sperm concentration affects the frequency of morphological anomalies in the spermatozoa.
Evaluation of intestinal damage biomarkers in calves with atresia coli
Authors: Yildiz Ramazan , Ok Mahmut , Ider Merve , Aydogdu Ugur , Naseri Amir , Parlak Kurtulus , Gulersoy Erdem
Published: October 2018

Introduction

Intestinal obstruction such as atresia coli causes pathophysiological changes in gastrointestinal tissue due to the rise of intra-abdominal pressure. The aim of this study is to determine the intestinal damage with intestinal biomarkers in calves with atresia coli.

Material and Methods

The study was conducted on 40 Holstein calves diagnosed with atresia coli with mild to moderate abdominal distention and 10 healthy Holstein calves which served as the control. Blood samples were collected from all calves, and then serum concentrations of intestinal biomarkers were estimated, namely intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IFABP), liver fatty acid binding protein (LFABP), trefoil factor 3 (TFF3), and intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), using commercially available specific bovine ELISA kits. An automatic blood gas analyser was employed for determining the lactate concentration.

Results

The concentrations of serum LFABP (P < 0.01), IFABP, TFF3, IAP, and blood lactate (P < 0.001) were significantly higher in calves with atresia coli than in healthy calves.

Conclusion

The calves affected with atresia coli exhibited severe intestinal damage, and IFABP, LFABP, and TFF3 have significant diagnostic importance and play a useful role in determining the intestinal damage due to intestinal obstruction. High levels of IAP and lactate may serve as a signal for the development of intestinal injury.
Modelling of Ship’s Trajectory Planning in Collision Situations by Hybrid Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Ni Shengke , Liu Zhengjiang , Cai Yao , Wang Xin
Published: October 2018

Ship collision-avoidance trajectory planning aims at searching for a theoretical safe-critical trajectory in accordance with COLREGs and good seamanship. In this paper, a novel optimal trajectory planning based on hybrid genetic algorithm is presented for ship collision avoidance in the open sea. The proposed formulation is established based on the theory of the Multiple Genetic Algorithm (MPGA) and Nonlinear Programming, which not only overcomes the inherent deficiency of the Genetic Algorithm (GA) for premature convergence, but also guarantees the practicality and consistency of the optimal trajectory. Meanwhile, the encounter type as well as the obligation of collision avoidance is determined according to COLREGs, which is then considered as the restricted condition for the operation of population initialization. Finally, this trajectory planning model is evaluated with a set of test cases simulating various traffic scenarios to demonstrate the feasibility and superiority of the optimal trajectory.
An Analysis of Basic Parameters of Ro-Pax Ferries in the Baltic Sea as Guidelines for its Preliminary Design
Authors: Gucma Lucjan , Raczkowska Julia
Published: October 2018

This paper presents results of an analysis of the operating and maneuvering parameters (length, width, draft, main propulsion power and maneuvering equipment, and windage area) of the Ro-Pax ferries over 150m in length. The analysis takes into accounts all ferries operating in the Baltic Sea in 2017. The work also includes route analysis of the collected Ro-Pax units. The influence of port infrastructure is also discussed. The mean optimal Baltic Sea Ro-Pax ferry and its parameters for short term and long term forecasts are presented. This paper may be used as a primary guideline for the determining the optimal Ro-Pax ferry dimensions size for the Baltic lines in terms of preliminary ship design.
Model of a Ducted Axial-Flow Hydrokinetic Turbine – Results of Experimental and Numerical Examination
Authors: Góralczyk Adam , Adamkowski Adam
Published: October 2018

The article presents the numerical algorithm of the developed computer code which calculates performance characteristics of ducted axial-flow hydrokinetic turbines. The code makes use of the vortex lattice method (VLM), which has been developed and used in IMP PAN for years, to analyse the operation of various fluid-flow machines. To verify the developed software, a series of model tests have been performed in the cavitation tunnel being part of IMP PAN research equipment.
Studies of Resistances of Natural Liquid Flow in Helical and Curved Pipes
Authors: Stosiak Michał , Zawiślak Maciej , Nishta Bohdan
Published: October 2018

The main aim of this research was to determine in three ways, i.e. experimentally, analytically and by means of numerical modelling, the resistances of the flow of a natural liquid in a helical pipe and in curved pipes. The analyses were carried out for three pipes: one helical pipe and two curved pipes. Each of the pipes was 2 m long and its inside diameter was 4 mm. The experiment was carried out on a test stand making it possible to measure the rate of the flow of the liquid, the temperature at the pipe’s inlet and outlet and the pressure at the pipe’s inlet and outlet. The resistances of the flow of the liquid were calculated from analytical or empirical formulas found in the literature on the subject. Moreover, numerical modelling was performed using the finite volume element method.
Influence of Geotechnical Conditions on Damage States of Gdansk Bay Coast Cliff Formations
Authors: Mieloszyk Eligiusz , Wyroślak Mariusz
Published: October 2018

A geotechnical aspect of destruction processes of seashores was identified based on the case of erosion of Gdansk Bay Coast cliff formations. Causative factors of landslide were described in the context of natural phenomena, land development and its anthropogenic transformations. Possible directions of theoretical analysis of changes in ground-water relations were indicated.
The Morphosyntax Of English Deverbal Noun In The Straits Times Website
Authors: Ayu Indah Maha Dewi I Gusti , Artawa Ketut , Qomariana Yana
Published: October 2018

The title of this study is “The Morphosyntax of English Deverbal Noun in The Straits Times Website”. This study was conducted in order to find out and analyze the forms and syntactic functions of deverbal noun in The Straits Times website. There were two theories used in this study. The first was the theory proposed by Plag (2002) used to analyze the forms of deverbal noun and the second theory proposed by Quirk (1985) used to analyze the syntactic functions. The data were taken from the lifestyle articles in Straits Times website. The data were collected by documentation method. The collected data were analyzed by using the qualitative method. This study applied formal and informal methods to present the analysis. The result of this study showed that among nominal suffixes forming nouns from verbs stated by Plag, there are seven suffixes found in the data; they are suffix /-age/, /-ance/, /-ant/, /-er/, /-ing/, /-ion/ and /-ment/. Besides, in relation to the syntactic functions, there are four syntactic functions found in the data, they are as part of subject, object, subject complement and object complement functions.
Wacana Pengampunan Pajak: Kajian Kohesi dan Koherensi
Authors: . Sifandi , Simpen I Wayan , Putu Putra Anak Agung
Published: October 2018

Entitled with “The Discourse of Tax Amnesty: The Study of Cohesion and Coherence” this research purpose is to know the instrument of cohesion and coherence which built the discourse of the tax amnesty. The teory used is the discourse teory which are cohesion mentioned by Halliday and R. Hasan (in Dewi, 2010:20) and coherence mentioned by Kridalaksana (in Mulyana, 2005:32). The method used in data collection is scrutinize method which completed by technique note. In data analysis process used agih method which method use the language as the determiner helped by lesap technique and replacement technique afterwards. Furthermore, informal and formal method used as the presentation process of analysis data result. In informal presentation use common words, while the formal presentation use sign and symbol. The data source which used as the analysis materials with total of 62 articles comes up from Kompas. Com issued at February and March 2017. There are some revelation obtained based on the analysis in discourse of the tax amnesty. Firstly, in the discourse of the tax amnesty dicovered that the instrument of cohesion out from grammatical (references, substitution, ellipsis, and conjunction) as well as lexical (repetition, synonym, antonym, collocation, and equivalence). Secondly, the coherence elements in the discourse of the tax amnesty are the causality relationship, instrument goal relationship, conclusion background relationship, leniency results relationship, parafrastis relationship, amplicative relationship, time additive (simultaneous and in sequence) relationship, non-time additives relationship, identification relationship, and spesific generic relationship.
The Women’s Language Features in Moana Movie
Authors: Sanjaya Yosep , Budiarsa Made , Sudana I Gede Putu
Published: October 2018

The title of this paper is The Women’s Language Features in Moana Movie. This study aimed at identifying the women’s language features are applied by women and finding the context of the situation that influenced women’s language. The women’s language is analyzed based on the theory of sociolinguistics which is proposed by Lakoff (1975). The second theory applied to analyze the context of the situation is proposed by Halliday and Hasan (1989) who divides into three concepts: field of discourse, tenor of discourse, and mode of discourse. The data of this study was taken from a movie entitled Moana. The movie was chosen as the data source in this study because it contained many women conversations either formal or informal situation. The analysis comes to a conclusion. There were seven features of women’s language found in the movie entitled Moana, and the context of situation that influenced women language.
Types of Slang Words in the Movie Script of Sausage Party
Authors: Yoga Darma Putra I Made , Alit Ida Setianingsih Ni Ketut , Sena Darmasetiyawan I Made
Published: October 2018

This paper entitled “Types of Slang Words in Sausage Party Movie Script”is aimed to analyze the types of slang words and their types of meaning found in the Sausage Party movie script. The data were taken from internet on Tuesday September 5, 2017. In analyzing the types of slang words and the types of meaning used, descriptive qualitative method and theory proposed by Allan and Burridge (2006) that consists of five types and supporting theory proposed by Geoffrey Leech (1974) that consists of seven types were used. The result shows that there are fifty slang expressions analyzed in this study. The major slang used in this movie script is formed by two or more words and achieve it own meaning that are different from the source word. The slang meaning found in this study mostly express the implicit meaning of the expression. It can be concluded that Sausage Party movie script has a relatively exclusive language.