bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Individual differences in naturalistic learning link negative emotionality to the development of anxiety
Authors: Villano William J. , Kraus Noah I. , Reneau Travis R. , Jaso Brittany A. , Otto A. Ross , Heller Aaron S.
Published: January 2023

Organisms learn from prediction errors (PEs) to predict the future. Laboratory studies using small financial outcomes find that humans use PEs to update expectations and link individual differences in PE-based learning to internalizing disorders. Because of the low-stakes outcomes in most tasks, it is unclear whether PE learning emerges in naturalistic, high-stakes contexts and whether individual differences in PE learning predict psychopathology risk. Using experience sampling to assess 625 college students’ expected exam grades, we found evidence of PE-based learning and a general tendency to discount negative PEs, an “optimism bias.” However, individuals with elevated negative emotionality, a personality trait linked to the development of anxiety disorders, displayed a global pessimism and learning differences that impeded accurate expectations and predicted future anxiety symptoms. A sensitivity to PEs combined with an aversion to negative PEs may result in a pessimistic and inaccurate model of the world, leading to anxiety.
Robust and tunable performance of a cell-free biosensor encapsulated in lipid vesicles
Authors: Boyd Margrethe A. , Thavarajah Walter , Lucks Julius B. , Kamat Neha P.
Published: January 2023

Cell-free systems have enabled the development of genetically encoded biosensors to detect a range of environmental and biological targets. Encapsulation of these systems in synthetic membranes to form artificial cells can reintroduce features of the cellular membrane, including molecular containment and selective permeability, to modulate cell-free sensing capabilities. Here, we demonstrate robust and tunable performance of a transcriptionally regulated, cell-free riboswitch encapsulated in lipid membranes, allowing the detection of fluoride, an environmentally important molecule. Sensor response can be tuned by varying membrane composition, and encapsulation protects from sensor degradation, facilitating detection in real-world samples. These sensors can detect fluoride using two types of genetically encoded outputs, enabling detection of fluoride at the Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level of 0.2 millimolars. This work demonstrates the capacity of bilayer membranes to confer tunable permeability to encapsulated, genetically encoded sensors and establishes the feasibility of artificial cell platforms to detect environmentally relevant small molecules.
Better insurance could effectively mitigate the increase in economic growth losses from U.S. hurricanes under global warming
Authors: Otto Christian , Kuhla Kilian , Geiger Tobias , Schewe Jacob , Frieler Katja
Published: January 2023

Global warming is likely to increase the proportion of intense hurricanes in the North Atlantic. Here, we analyze how this may affect economic growth. To this end, we introduce an event-based macroeconomic growth model that temporally resolves how growth depends on the heterogeneity of hurricane shocks. For the United States, we find that economic growth losses scale superlinearly with shock heterogeneity. We explain this by a disproportional increase of indirect losses with the magnitude of direct damage, which can lead to an incomplete recovery of the economy between consecutive intense landfall events. On the basis of two different methods to estimate the future frequency increase of intense hurricanes, we project annual growth losses to increase between 10 and 146% in a 2°C world compared to the period 1980–2014. Our modeling suggests that higher insurance coverage can compensate for this climate change–induced increase in growth losses.
Concurrent stiffening and softening in hydrogels under dehydration
Authors: Xu Shuai , Zhou Zidi , Liu Zishun , Sharma Pradeep
Published: January 2023

Hydrogels are an extraordinary soft matter system that serve as a laboratory for a rich plethora of multiphysical phenomena and find applications that range from biocompatible sensors to soft robots. Here, we report a peculiar experimental observation suggesting concurrent stiffening and softening in hydrogels during the dehydration process. Theories based on Flory’s work fail to capture the scaling of mechanical behavior with water content, observed in our experiments. We perform coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the mechanisms underpinning the odd softening-stiffening behavior during dehydration and propose a theoretical model to correctly represent the underlying physics and the divergence from Flory-based theories.
Assessment of systemic AAV-microdystrophin gene therapy in the GRMD model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Birch Sharla M. , Lawlor Michael W. , Conlon Thomas J. , Guo Lee-Jae , Crudele Julie M. , Hawkins Eleanor C. , Nghiem Peter P. , Ahn Mihye , Meng Hui , Beatka Margaret J. , Fickau Brittany A. , Prieto Juan C. , Styner Martin A. , Struharik Michael J. , Shanks Courtney , Brown Kristy J. , Golebiowski Diane , Bettis Amanda K. , Balog-Alvarez Cynthia J. , Clement Nathalie , Coleman Kirsten E. , Corti Manuela , Pan Xiufang , Hauschka Stephen D. , Gonzalez J. Patrick , Morris Carl A. , Schneider Joel S. , Duan Dongsheng , Chamberlain Jeffrey S. , Byrne Barry J. , Kornegay Joe. N.
Published: January 2023

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive muscle wasting disease caused by the absence of dystrophin, a membrane-stabilizing protein encoded by theDMDgene. Although mouse models of DMD provide insight into the potential of a corrective therapy, data from genetically homologous large animals, such as the dystrophin-deficient golden retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) model, may more readily translate to humans. To evaluate the clinical translatability of an adeno-associated virus serotype 9 vector (AAV9)–microdystrophin (μDys5) construct, we performed a blinded, placebo-controlled study in which 12 GRMD dogs were divided among four dose groups [control, 1 × 1013vector genomes per kilogram (vg/kg), 1 × 1014vg/kg, and 2 × 1014vg/kg;n= 3 each], treated intravenously at 3 months of age with a canine codon-optimized microdystrophin construct, rAAV9-CK8e-c-μDys5, and followed for 90 days after dosing. All dogs received prednisone (1 milligram/kilogram) for a total of 5 weeks from day −7 through day 28. We observed dose-dependent increases in tissue vector genome copy numbers; μDys5 protein in multiple appendicular muscles, the diaphragm, and heart; limb and respiratory muscle functional improvement; and reduction of histopathologic lesions. As expected, given that a truncated dystrophin protein was generated, phenotypic test results and histopathologic lesions did not fully normalize. All administrations were well tolerated, and adverse events were not seen. These data suggest that systemically administered AAV-microdystrophin may be dosed safely and could provide therapeutic benefit for patients with DMD.
Latest Advances in Laboratory Detection of Mycoplasma genitalium
Authors: Waites Ken B. , Crabb Donna M. , Ratliff Amy E. , Geisler William M. , Atkinson T. Prescott , Xiao Li
Published: January 2023

Mycoplasma genitalium
is an important sexually transmitted pathogen affecting both men and women. Its extremely slow growth
in vitro
and very demanding culture requirements necessitate the use of molecular-based diagnostic tests for its detection in clinical specimens.
In Vitro
and
In Vivo
Coinfection and Superinfection Dynamics of Mayaro and Zika Viruses in Mosquito and Vertebrate Backgrounds
Authors: Brustolin Marco , Pujhari Sujit , Terradas Gerard , Werling Kristine , Asad Sultan , Metz Hillery C. , Henderson Cory A. , Kim Donghun , Rasgon Jason L.
Published: January 2023

Epidemiological and clinical studies indicate that multiple arboviruses are cocirculating in human populations, leading to some individuals carrying more than one arbovirus at the same time. In turn, mosquitoes can become infected with multiple pathogens simultaneously (coinfection) or sequentially (superinfection).
Heterogeneous Distribution of Proton Motive Force in Nonheritable Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Lee Annie H. , Gupta Rachit , Nguyen Hong Nhi , Schmitz Isabella R. , Siegele Deborah A. , Lele Pushkar P.
Published: January 2023

Bacterial cells with low PMF may survive antibiotic stress due to dormancy, which favors nonheritable resistance without genetic mutations or acquisitions. On the other hand, cells with high PMF are less tolerant, as PMF helps in the uptake of certain antibiotics.
Metagenome-Assembled Genome Sequence of a Strain of Burkholderia cepacia Isolated from the Gut of Macrotermes bellicosus in Nigeria
Authors: Lenka Jessica L. , Yakubu Bitrus , Kutshik Richard J. , Joel Enoch B. , Tukur Aminu , Longdet Ishaya Y.
Published: January 2023

The efficiency of the termite
Macrotermes bellicosus
at digesting lignocellulose is due to its gut bacterial symbionts. We report the metagenome-assembled genome sequence of
Burkholderia cepacia
UJ_SKK_1.2, reconstructed from metagenomes produced from
Macrotermes bellicosus
gut microbiota. The 7,460,271-bp genome obtained consists of 6,763 protein-coding sequences, with 6,719 functionally assigned genes and 59 RNA genes.
Complete Genome Sequence of
Sphingopyxis
sp. Strain PET50, a Potential Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)-Degrading Bacterium Isolated from Compost
Authors: Lago-Maciel Ana , Nielsen Tue K. , Jensen Kenneth , Nicolaisen Mette H. , Hennessy Rosanna C.
Published: January 2023

We report the complete genome sequence of a potential polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-degrading bacterium,
Sphingopyxis
sp. strain PET50, isolated from compost.
Genome Sequence of Bjerkandera adusta Strain Dec 1, a Basidiomycete Secreting DyP-Type Peroxidase
Authors: Sugawara Kanako , Sugano Yasushi
Published: January 2023

We report the draft genome sequence of
Bjerkandera adusta
Dec 1, a basidiomycete that was isolated from the soil in Yokohama, Japan, using the Illumina HiSeq platform.
B. adusta
Dec 1 was identified as a fungus that degrades persistent anthraquinone dyes, and the novel peroxidase DyP was responsible for this degradation.
Metagenome-Assembled Genome Sequence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Strain UJ_SKK_5.5, Obtained from the Gut Microbiome of a Macrotermes bellicosus Termite Collected from Hot, Arid Nigeria
Authors: Joel Enoch B. , Lenka Jessica L. , Yakubu Bitrus , Kutshik Richard J. , Tukur Aminu , Longdet Ishaya Y.
Published: January 2023

The metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) sequence of
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
strain UJ_SKK_5.5 was obtained from the gut microbiome of
Macrotermes bellicosus
(termite) from hot, arid Nigeria. The assembled genome (4,313,335 bp) contains 157 contigs, the
N
50
is 41,072 bp, the GC content is 66.57%, and there are 3,925 protein coding sequences, 3,886 proteins with functional assignments, 39 pseudogenes, and 67 RNA genes.
Complete Genome Sequence of Vulcanisaeta souniana Strain IC-059, a Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Isolated from Hot Spring Water in Japan
Authors: Kato Shingo , Itoh Takashi , Wu Linhuan , Ma Juncai , Ohkuma Moriya
Published: January 2023

Vulcanisaeta souniana
strain IC-059
T
(=JCM 11219
T
) is an anaerobic hyperthermophilic archaeon isolated from a Japanese hot spring field. Here, we report the complete genome sequence (2.43 Mbp) of this strain using a hybrid approach with Illumina short-read sequencing and Nanopore long-read sequencing.
Genome Sequence of Gordonia rubripertincta Phage Survivors, a Cluster CT Siphovirus
Authors: Amend Amber M. , Bifone Jacob P. , Brewer Justin C. , Denton Makayla N. , Gilbert Eden B. , Grimm Abigail C. , Hogan Jaden M. , Kelley Reagan M. , Kelly-Brooner Lennon J. , Mukerji Jit A. , Osterhoudt Matthew , Senn Cody R. , Smith Bethanie R. , Stillwell Olive G. , Vo Jimmy , Watt Danielle K. , Connerly Pamela L. , Rueschhoff Elizabeth E.
Published: January 2023

Bacteriophage Survivors is a siphovirus isolated from
Gordonia rubripertincta
NRRL B-16540. Survivors has a 45,436-bp genome encoding 69 predicted protein-coding genes, of which 32 have assigned functions. Based on gene content similarity to sequenced actinobacteriophages, Survivors is assigned to phage cluster CT.
Draft Genome Sequence of Aspergillus lacticoffeatus WU-2020, a Citric Acid Producer Suitable for Solid Culture That Belongs To Aspergillus Section
Nigri
Authors: Yoshioka Isato , Takahashi Hiroki , Kusuya Yoko , Yaguchi Takashi , Shibata Akira , Kirimura Kohtaro
Published: January 2023

Aspergillus lacticoffeatus
WU-2020 is a citric acid hyperproducer that is suitable for solid culture. Here, we present a high-quality draft of its genome sequence (35.9 Mb), which consists of 11 scaffolds and contains 11,490 genes. We also present the mitochondrial genome, which is 31.3 kb in length.
Friend or Foe: Whole-Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa TG523, Isolated from the Gut of a Healthy Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Paul Sulav Indra , Rahman Ashikur , Rahman Md Mahbubur
Published: January 2023

Here, we present the genomic features of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
TG523, which was isolated from the gut of a healthy Nile tilapia (
Oreochromis niloticus
). With a genome size of 6,381,902 bp with 5,931 open reading frames, the genome harbored genes predicted to have antibacterial activity and those which are implicated in virulence.
De novo
Genome Assessment of Serratia marcescens SGT5.3, a Potential Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium Isolated from the Surface of Capsicum annuum Fruit
Authors: Mamphogoro Tshifhiwa Paris , Kamutando Casper Nyaradzai , Maboko Martin Makgose , Aiyegoro Olayinka Ayobami , Babalola Olubukola Oluranti
Published: January 2023

Serratia marcescens
SGT5.3, a potential plant growth-promoting strain with a wide range of functions, was isolated from the surface of
Capsicum annuum
fruit. Here, we report the whole-genome sequence of this bacterium. Gene prediction revealed various functional genes potentially involved in plant growth promotion and development.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Cognatishimia activa Strain Assembled from the Phycosphere of the Marine Diatom Skeletonema tropicum
Authors: Guo Kangli , Xu ShuaiShuai , Liu Yuanhao , Chen Zhuo , Hou Shengwei
Published: January 2023

Cognatishimia activa
, previously known as
Thalassobius activus
, has been frequently isolated from marine environments. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of
C
.
activa
strain SOCE 004, assembled from the phycosphere of a long-term laboratory-maintained culture of the diatom
Skeletonema tropicum
.
Arcanobacterium pinnipediorum Strain DSM 28752 Isolated from a Harbour Seal: Complete Genome Sequence
Authors: Borowiak Maria , Kreitlow Antonia , Malorny Burkhard , Alssahen Mazen , Lämmler Christoph , Prenger-Berninghoff Ellen , Ewers Christa , Siebert Ursula , Plötz Madeleine , Abdulmawjood Amir
Published: January 2023

The genus
Arcanobacterium
is constantly growing as novel species are identified. In particular, harbor seals have proven to be a common reservoir for bacteria of this genus. Here, we announce the complete genome sequence of another
Arcanobacterium
species—namely,
Arcanobacterium pinnipediorum
strain DSM 28752, isolated from a harbor seal.
Genome Sequences of Three Common Bacterial Isolates from Wastewater from the Water Processor Assembly at the International Space Station
Authors: Velez Justiniano Yo-Ann , Lim Chae Hee , Dunlap Darren S. , Sysoeva Tatyana A.
Published: January 2023

Bacteria from the genera
Burkholderia
,
Ralstonia
, and
Methylobacterium
were consistently detected in water of the life support systems at the International Space Station. Here, we report complete genomes of recent isolates that are representative of these genera to support future studies in biofilm and wastewater treatment in space habitats.
Complete Genome Sequence of Streptococcus thermophilus VHProbi R08, Isolated from Fermented Sour Porridge
Authors: Li Kailing , Cui Hongchang , Duan Zhi
Published: January 2023

Streptococcus thermophilus
VHProbi R08 is a bacterial strain isolated from fermented sour porridge in northern China. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of VHProbi R08, which comprises 1,848,461 bp, 1,906 protein-coding genes, 57 tRNA genes, and 15 rRNA genes.
Complete Genome Sequences of Two Salmonella enterica Strains Isolated from Chicken Carcass Rinse Water in Thailand
Authors: Ledlod Sudarat , Thuamkaew Phatcharaporn , Luecha Phanthipha , Arigul Tantip , Kruasuwan Worarat , Wankaew Natnicha , Khongchatee Adison , Jenjaroenpun Piroon , Wongsurawat Thidathip
Published: January 2023

We report the circularized complete genome sequences, containing a circular chromosome and two circular plasmids, of strains SalSpp05 (4.9 Mbp) and SalSpp10 (4.8 Mbp), which were isolated from chicken carcass rinse water samples; the sequences were obtained by combining Oxford Nanopore Technologies long-read data and Illumina short-read data. Whole-genome alignments indicated that both strains belong to
Salmonella enterica
.
Immunomagnetic Capture of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Selectively Modifies the Fecal Microbiota and Its Immunomodulatory Profile
Authors: Marcos-Fernández Raquel , Riestra Sabino , Alonso-Arias Rebeca , Ruiz Lorena , Sánchez Borja , Margolles Abelardo
Published: January 2023

There is increasing interest in deciphering the contribution of gut microbiota species to health and disease amelioration. The approach proposed herein provides a novel and affordable strategy to probe deeply into microbiota-host interactions by strategically modifying the relative abundance of specific gut microbes, hence facilitating the study of their contribution to a given trait of the microbiota.
HSF1 Attenuates the Release of Inflammatory Cytokines Induced by Lipopolysaccharide through Transcriptional Regulation of
Atg10
Authors: Tan Hong , Huang Feifei , Huang Meiyuan , Wu Xia , Tong Zhongyi
Published: January 2023

HSF1 plays an important protective role in endotoxemic mice. However, the protective mechanisms of HSF1 are poorly understood.
Fatty Acyl Coenzyme A Synthetase Fat1p Regulates Vacuolar Structure and Stationary-Phase Lipophagy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Qiu Fan , Kang Na , Tan Jinling , Yan Sisi , Lin Leiying , Cai Lipeng , Goodman Joel M. , Gao Qiang
Published: January 2023

The ability to sense environmental changes and adjust the levels of cellular metabolism is critical for cell viability. Autophagy is a recycling process that makes the most of already-existing energy resources, and the vacuole/lysosome is the ultimate autophagic processing site in cells.
Recurrence of primitive germ cell tumour 20 years on
Authors: Younan Helen-Cara , Keogh Georgina , Seckl Michael , Sarwar Naveed
Published: January 2023

We present a case of a woman in her 20s, with a prior history of paediatric sacrococcygeal germ cell tumour, presenting with a 6-month history of perianal pain. An MRI pelvis revealed a heterogeneous soft tissue mass causing destruction of the sacrococcygeal bone. A staging CT demonstrated metastatic deposits in the lungs and hypodense foci in the liver suspicious of metastatic disease. Her alpha-fetoprotein levels were raised and a CT-guided biopsy was in keeping with recurrent germ cell tumour. She was referred to a national centre for the treatment of germ cell tumours in adults and was rechallenged with cisplatin-based multiagent chemotherapy with a curative intent. This case raises the important question of how long we should follow-up these patients and whether they can ever be safely discharged from oncology surveillance.
Oral soft-tissue myxoma
Authors: Chauhan Keerti , Manjunatha Bhari Sharanesha , Mehendiratta Monica , Lakhanpal Manisha
Published: January 2023

Oral soft-tissue myxomas of the oral cavity have been sparsely cited in the medical literature worldwide. This could be due to other clinically and/or histologically similar lesions requiring accurate differential diagnosis by experienced physicians and pathologists. Although myxomas are benign and do not metastasise, they have higher rates of recurrence and deserve proper attention and to be reported as well. Soft-tissue myxomas of the oral cavity are extremely rare and very few cases have been reported in the literature. The article describes a soft-tissue myxoma in a male patient in his 40s and review of published cases.
Comparison of the Journey II bicruciate stabilised (JII-BCS) and GENESIS II total knee arthroplasty for functional ability and motor impairment: the CAPAbility, blinded, randomised controlled trial
Authors: McNamara Iain , Pomeroy Valerie , Clark Allan B , Creelman Graham , Whitehouse Celia , Wells J , Harry B , Smith Toby O , High Juliet , Swart Ann Marie , Clarke Celia
Published: January 2023

Objectives

To determine if a newer design of total knee replacement (TKR) (Journey II BCS) produces superior patient-reported outcomes scores and biomechanical outcomes than the older, more established design (Genesis II).

Setting

Patients were recruited from an NHS University Hospital between July 2018 and October 2019 with surgery at two sites. Biomechanical and functional capacity measurements were at a University Movement and Exercise Laboratory.

Participants

80 participants undergoing single-stage TKR.

Interventions

Patients were randomised to receive either the Journey II BCS (JII-BCS) or Genesis II TKR.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Primary outcome was the Oxford Knee Score (OKS), at 6 months. Secondary outcomes were: OKS Activity and Participation Questionnaire, EQ-5D-5L and UCLA Activity scores, Timed Up and Go Test, 6 min walk test, lower limb kinematics and lower limb muscle activity during walking and balance.

Results

This study found no difference in the OKS between groups. The OKS scores for the JII-BCS and Genesis II groups were mean (SD) 42.97 (5.21) and 43.13 (5.20) respectively, adjusted effect size 0.35 (-2.01,2.71) p=0.771

In secondary outcome measures, the Genesis II group demonstrated a significantly greater walking range-of-movement (50.62 (7.33) vs 46.07 (7.71) degrees, adjusted effect size, 3.14 (0.61,5.68) p=0.02) and higher peak knee flexion angular velocity during walking (mean (SD) 307.69 (38.96) vs 330.38 (41.40) degrees/second, adjusted effect size was 21.75 (4.54,38.96), p=0.01) and better postural control (smaller resultant centre of path length) during quiet standing than the JII-BCS group (mean (SD) 158.14 (65.40) vs 235.48 (176.94) mm, adjusted effect size, 59.91 (–105.98, –13.85) p=0.01.).

Conclusions

In this study population, the findings do not support the hypothesis that the Journey II BCS produces a better outcome than the Genesis II for the primary outcome of the OKS at 6 months after surgery.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN32315753.
Diabetes as a risk factor for the onset of frozen shoulder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dyer Brett Paul , Rathod-Mistry Trishna , Burton Claire , van der Windt Danielle , Bucknall Milica
Published: January 2023

Objective

Summarise longitudinal observational studies to determine whether diabetes (types 1 and 2) is a risk factor for frozen shoulder.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources

MEDLINE, Embase, AMED, PsycINFO, Web of Science Core Collection, CINAHL, Epistemonikos, Trip, PEDro, OpenGrey and The Grey Literature Report were searched on January 2019 and updated in June 2021. Reference screening and emailing professional contacts were also used.

Eligibility criteria

Longitudinal observational studies that estimated the association between diabetes and developing frozen shoulder.

Data extraction and synthesis

Data extraction was completed by one reviewer and independently checked by another using a predefined extraction sheet. Risk of bias was judged using the Quality In Prognosis Studies tool. For studies providing sufficient data, random-effects meta-analysis was used to derive summary estimates of the association between diabetes and the onset of frozen shoulder.

Results

A meta-analysis of six case–control studies including 5388 people estimated the odds of developing frozen shoulder for people with diabetes to be 3.69 (95% CI 2.99 to 4.56) times the odds for people without diabetes. Two cohort studies were identified, both suggesting diabetes was associated with frozen shoulder, with HRs of 1.32 (95% CI 1.22 to 1.42) and 1.67 (95% CI 1.46 to 1.91). Risk of bias was judged as high in seven studies and moderate in one study.

Conclusion

People with diabetes are more likely to develop frozen shoulder. Risk of unmeasured confounding was the main limitation of this systematic review. High-quality studies are needed to confirm the strength of, and understand reasons for, the association.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42019122963.
Heartwatch: an Irish cardiovascular secondary prevention programme in primary care, a secondary analysis of patient outcomes
Authors: Homeniuk Robyn , Stanley Fintan , Gallagher Joseph , Collins Claire
Published: January 2023

Objectives

To investigate patient follow-up data from Heartwatch: Ireland’s secondary prevention programme for cardiovascular disease delivered in general practice.

Design

Retrospective descriptive study based on secondary analysis of routinely collected data from Heartwatch.

Setting

Heartwatch targeted 20% of general practices in Ireland and recruited 475 general practitioners across 325 practices.

Participants

The patient population included people with a history of acute myocardial infarction, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or a coronary artery bypass graft. Over 16 000 patients entered the programme however, to assess the long-term progress of patients, we identified a cohort of 5700 patients with at least 8 years in the programme.

Interventions

A standard protocol for continuing care of patients for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease was administered by general practices. The programme was designed using WHO and European Society of Cardiology guidelines on secondary prevention.

Outcome measures

A Continuing Care (CCare) score out of eight was the primary outcome measure used. It was calculated based on programme targets for well-known cardiovascular risk factors: exercise, systolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, optimally controlled glucose, smoking status, and pharmacological treatment.

Results

After 1 year, 37% of the 8-year cohort had achieved a CCare score >5 increasing to 44% after year 8. Patient sex was predictive of better scores; male patients had almost a half-point advantage (0.432, 99% CI: 0.335 to 0.509). Patients who enrolled earlier following their qualifying event and patients with more frequent visits were also more likely to achieve higher CCare scores.

Conclusions

Overall, patients are not likely to meet all targets set by secondary prevention guidelines, however, supporting patient self-management may impact on this. Early enrolment after a cardiac event and frequent structured care visits should be priorities in the design and implementation of similar programmes. Ongoing evaluation of them is necessary to improve outcomes.
Mediating effects of psychological capital on the relationship between workplace violence and professional identity among nurses working in Chinese public psychiatric hospitals: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chang Tiantian , Jiang Xiaoyu , Wei Junlin , Zhao Jinghua , Li Zhiqiang , Li Hongli
Published: January 2023

Objective

To examine the relationship between workplace violence (WPV) and professional identity among Chinese psychiatric nurses and the mediating effects of psychological capital (PsyCap) from this association.

Setting

Seven public tertiary psychiatric hospitals in Liaoning Province, China.

Participants

A total of 952 psychiatric nurses were recruited for this study. Registered nurses who have been engaged in psychiatric nursing for more than 1 year were eligible as participants in this investigation.

Outcome measures

Questionnaires consisting of the Workplace Violence Scale, the Occupational Identity Scale, the Psychological Capital Questionnaire and a demographic data sheet were used to collect participant information. We used hierarchical multiple regression and asymptotic and resampling strategies to examine the mediating role of PsyCap in the relationship between WPV and professional identity.

Results

WPV was negatively associated with professional identity after controlling for demographic factors (β=−0.353; p<0.001). PsyCap mediated the relationship between WPV and professional identity, according to the mediation analysis (a×b=−0.150, bias-corrected and accelerated 95% CI (BCa 95% CI) (−0.185 to −0.115); p<0.001). In addition, two dimensions of PsyCap: hope (a×b=−0.075, BCa 95% CI (−0.104 to −0.049); p<0.001) and resilience (a×b=−0.064, BCa 95% CI (−0.090 to −0.039); p<0.001) mediated the association between WPV and professional identity. For professional identity, hope, resilience and PsyCap mediation accounted for 21.6%, 18.1% and 42.4%, respectively.

Conclusions

Based on these findings, PsyCap could partially mediate the relationship between WPV and professional identity. Therefore, hospital administrators should implement measures to prevent and reduce WPV and provide nurses with skills training programmes to improve the PsyCap such as hope and resilience.
Public perceptions on the application of artificial intelligence in healthcare: a qualitative meta-synthesis
Authors: Wu Chenxi , Xu Huiqiong , Bai Dingxi , Chen Xinyu , Gao Jing , Jiang Xiaolian
Published: January 2023

Objectives

Medical artificial intelligence (AI) has been used widely applied in clinical field due to its convenience and innovation. However, several policy and regulatory issues such as credibility, sharing of responsibility and ethics have raised concerns in the use of AI. It is therefore necessary to understand the general public’s views on medical AI. Here, a meta-synthesis was conducted to analyse and summarise the public’s understanding of the application of AI in the healthcare field, to provide recommendations for future use and management of AI in medical practice.

Design

This was a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies.

Method

A search was performed on the following databases to identify studies published in English and Chinese: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of science, Cochrane library, Embase, PsycINFO, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP. The search was conducted from database inception to 25 December 2021. The meta-aggregation approach of JBI was used to summarise findings from qualitative studies, focusing on the public’s perception of the application of AI in healthcare.

Results

Of the 5128 studies screened, 12 met the inclusion criteria, hence were incorporated into analysis. Three synthesised findings were used as the basis of our conclusions, including advantages of medical AI from the public’s perspective, ethical and legal concerns about medical AI from the public’s perspective, and public suggestions on the application of AI in medical field.

Conclusion

Results showed that the public acknowledges the unique advantages and convenience of medical AI. Meanwhile, several concerns about the application of medical AI were observed, most of which involve ethical and legal issues. The standard application and reasonable supervision of medical AI is key to ensuring its effective utilisation. Based on the public’s perspective, this analysis provides insights and suggestions for health managers on how to implement and apply medical AI smoothly, while ensuring safety in healthcare practice.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42022315033.
Effectiveness of non-pharmacological treatments for postpartum depression: an umbrella review protocol
Authors: Lu Xiaofei , Yang Zhuoxin , Liu Fan , Zhou Yumei , Xu Yuqin , Zhuo Yuanyuan , Huang Xingxian , Gong Mingqiang
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Non-pharmacological treatments for postpartum depression have been investigated in various systematic reviews, and their efficacy has been evaluated. However, the quality of the evidence as a whole has not been quantified. The quality of this evidence may influence the choice of interventions and even cause misleading clinical decisions. This study aims to provide an objective presentation of the methodological bias and identify treatments supported by solid evidence.

Methods and analysis

For the purpose of conducting systematic reviews and meta-analyses, a comprehensive search of the relevant published literature will be conducted in English databases such as PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO and Scopus, as well as in four Chinese databases: the Chinese Biomedical Databases (CBM), Wan fang database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and VIP Database (VIP). The time of publication will be limited from their inception to 31 May 2022. We will extract the following data from the included literature: title, first author, journal type of included literature, number and sample size, intervention/control measures, outcome indicators and main study outcomes. The Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews-2 will be used to measure the quality of the methods. In addition, we will use the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement to evaluate the quality of the reporting, as well as the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation to evaluate the quality of the evidence.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021285470.
Do expectations determine postoperative disability in women with endometriosis? Study protocol for a clinical mixed-methods observational cohort study
Authors: Hirsing Nina , Meyrose Ann-Katrin , Buchweitz Olaf , Nestoriuc Yvonne
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Overall, 20%–30% of women with endometriosis report endometriosis-related disability after successful laparoscopy. This indicates a potential impact of psychological factors, such as expectations, on treatment outcomes. It is already known that expectations determine treatment outcomes in various health conditions, such as cardiologic or gynaecology. Therefore, we investigate the impact of expectations and other psychological factors on patients’ course of treatment outcomes after laparoscopy.

Methods and analysis

A longitudinal mixed-methods study with N=300 women treated at a specialised centre of surgical endoscopy and endometriosis will be conducted with one preoperative and eight postoperative assessments of endometriosis-related disability and a priori specified predictors such as expectations.

Additionally, two subsamples (each ~n=30) will be either interviewed about their endometriosis-related disability, expectations, and experiences of laparoscopy before and after surgery or asked once per day for 30 consecutive days using ambulatory assessments. Quantitative data will be analysed using multilevel modelling for longitudinal data. Structural content analysis will be used for qualitative data.

Discussion

To optimise treatment for women with endometriosis, it is essential to understand how treatment expectations and other psychological and medical factors influence treatment outcomes after laparoscopy.

Ethics and dissemination

The Ethics Committee of the Psychotherapeutenkammer Hamburg, Germany, gave ethical approval (ROXWELL-2021-HH, 25 June 2021).

Trial registration number

ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT05019612).
Using co-design to improve the client waiting experience at an outpatient mental health clinic
Authors: Darkwa Maame , Engel Katrina , Findlay Zoe , Voyer Anne-Marie , Waddell Andrea E
Published: January 2023

Prolonged wait times in healthcare are a complex issue that can negatively impact both clients and staff. Longer wait times are often caused by a number of factors such as overly complicated scheduling, inefficient use of resources, extraneous processes, and misalignment of supply and demand. Growing evidence suggests a correlation between wait times and client satisfaction. This relationship, however, is complex. Some research suggests that client satisfaction with wait times may be improved with interventions that enhance the waiting experience and not actual wait times. This project aimed to improve the average daily rating of the client waiting experience by 1 point on a 7-point Likert scale.

A quality improvement study was conducted to analyse client satisfaction with wait times and enhance clients’ satisfaction while waiting. Quality improvement methods, mainly co-design sessions, were used to co-create and implement an intervention to improve clients’ experience with waiting in the clinic.

The project resulted in the implementation of a whiteboard intervention in the clinic to inform clients where they are in the queue. The whiteboard also included static data summarising the average wait times from the previous month. Both aspects of the whiteboard were designed to allow patients to better approximate their wait times. Though the quantitative analysis did not reveal a 1-point improvement on a 7-point Likert scale, the feedback from staff and clients was positive. Since implementation, clinic staff and management have developed the intervention into a high-fidelity digital board that is still in use today. Furthermore, the use of the intervention has been extended locally, with additional ambulatory clinics at the hospital planning to use the set-up in their clinic waiting rooms.
Survey of liver pathologists to assess attitudes towards digital pathology and artificial intelligence
Authors: McGenity Clare , Randell Rebecca , Bellamy Christopher , Burt Alastair , Cratchley Alyn , Goldin Robert , Hubscher Stefan G , Neil Desley A H , Quaglia Alberto , Tiniakos Dina , Wyatt Judy , Treanor Darren
Published: January 2023

Aims

A survey of members of the UK Liver Pathology Group (UKLPG) was conducted, comprising consultant histopathologists from across the UK who report liver specimens and participate in the UK National Liver Pathology External Quality Assurance scheme. The aim of this study was to understand attitudes and priorities of liver pathologists towards digital pathology and artificial intelligence (AI).

Methods

The survey was distributed to all full consultant members of the UKLPG via email. This comprised 50 questions, with 48 multiple choice questions and 2 free-text questions at the end, covering a range of topics and concepts pertaining to the use of digital pathology and AI in liver disease.

Results

Forty-two consultant histopathologists completed the survey, representing 36% of fully registered members of the UKLPG (42/116). Questions examining digital pathology showed respondents agreed with the utility of digital pathology for primary diagnosis 83% (34/41), second opinions 90% (37/41), research 85% (35/41) and training and education 95% (39/41). Fatty liver diseases were an area of demand for AI tools with 80% in agreement (33/41), followed by neoplastic liver diseases with 59% in agreement (24/41). Participants were concerned about AI development without pathologist involvement 73% (30/41), however, 63% (26/41) disagreed when asked whether AI would replace pathologists.

Conclusions

This study outlines current interest, priorities for research and concerns around digital pathology and AI for liver pathologists. The majority of UK liver pathologists are in favour of the application of digital pathology and AI in clinical practice, research and education.
T lymphocytes induce human cancer cells derived from solid malignant tumors to secrete galectin-9 which facilitates immunosuppression in cooperation with other immune checkpoint proteins
Authors: Schlichtner Stephanie , Yasinska Inna M , Lall Gurprit S , Berger Steffen M , Ruggiero Sabrina , Cholewa Dietmar , Aliu Nijas , Gibbs Bernhard F , Fasler-Kan Elizaveta , Sumbayev Vadim V
Published: January 2023

Background

Galectin-9 is a member of the family of lectin proteins and crucially regulates human immune responses, particularly because of its ability to suppress the anticancer activities of T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Recent evidence demonstrated that galectin-9 is highly expressed in a wide range of human malignancies including the most aggressive tumors, such as high-grade glioblastomas and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, as well as common malignancies such as breast, lung and colorectal cancers. However, solid tumor cells at rest are known to secrete either very low amounts of galectin-9 or, in most of the cases, do not secrete it at all. Our aims were to elucidate whether T cells can induce galectin-9 secretion in human cancer cells derived from solid malignant tumors and whether this soluble form displays higher systemic immunosuppressive activity compared with the cell surface-based protein.

Methods

A wide range of human cancer cell lines derived from solid tumours, keratinocytes and primary embryonic cells were employed, together with helper and cytotoxic T cell lines and human as well as mouse primary T cells. Western blot analysis, ELISA, quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR, on-cell Western and other measurement techniques were used to conduct the study. Results were validated using in vivo mouse model.

Results

We discovered that T lymphocytes induce galectin-9 secretion in various types of human cancer cells derived from solid malignant tumors. This was demonstrated to occurviatwo differential mechanisms: first by translocation of galectin-9 onto the cell surface followed by its proteolytic shedding and second due to autophagy followed by lysosomal secretion. For both mechanisms a protein carrier/trafficker was required, since galectin-9 lacks a secretion sequence. Secreted galectin-9 pre-opsonised T cells and, following interaction with other immune checkpoint proteins, their activity was completely attenuated. As an example, we studied the cooperation of galectin-9 and V-domain Ig-containing suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) proteins in human cancer cells.

Conclusion

Our results underline a crucial role of galectin-9 in anticancer immune evasion. As such, galectin-9 and regulatory pathways controlling its production should be considered as key targets for immunotherapy in a large number of cancers.
JAK inhibitors disrupt T cell-induced proinflammatory macrophage activation
Authors: Nyirenda Mukanthu H , Nijjar Jagtar Singh , Frleta-Gilchrist Marina , Gilchrist Derek S , Porter Duncan , Siebert Stefan , Goodyear Carl S , McInnes Iain B
Published: January 2023

Objectives

Macrophage subsets, activated by T cells, are increasingly recognised to play a central role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis. Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors have proven beneficial clinical effects in RA. In this study, we investigated the effect of JAK inhibitors on the generation of cytokine-activated T (Tck) cells and the production of cytokines and chemokines induced by Tck cell/macrophage interactions.

Methods

CD14+monocytes and CD4+T cells were purified from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from buffy coats of healthy donors. As representative JAK inhibitors, tofacitinib or ruxolitinib were added during Tck cell differentiation. Previously validated protocols were used to generate macrophages and Tck cells from monocytes and CD4+T cells, respectively. Cytokine and chemokine including TNF, IL-6, IL-15, IL-RA, IL-10, MIP1α, MIP1β and IP10 were measured by ELISA.

Results

JAK inhibitors prevented cytokine-induced maturation of Tck cells and decreased the production of proinflammatory cytokines TNF, IL-6, IL-15, IL-1RA and the chemokines IL-10, MIP1α, MIP1β, IP10 by Tck cell-activated macrophages in vitro (p<0.05).

Conclusions

Our findings show that JAK inhibition disrupts T cell-induced macrophage activation and reduces downstream proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine responses, suggesting that suppressing the T cell-macrophage interaction contributes to the therapeutic effect of JAK inhibitors.
Effects of the omega-3 fatty acid DHA on histone and p53 acetylation in diffuse large B cell lymphoma
Authors: Bakhshi Tanner J. , Way Tanner , Muncy Bradley , Georgel Philippe T.
Published: January 2023

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) often develops resistance and/or relapses in response to immunochemotherapy. Epigenetic modifiers are frequently mutated in DLBCL, i.e., the lysine (histone) acetyltransferases CREBBP and EP300. Mutations in CBP/p300 can prevent the proper acetylation and activation of ( i) enhancer sequences of genes required for essential functions (e.g., germinal center exit and differentiation) and ( ii) the tumor suppressor p53. Based on evidence that omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 FAs) affect histone acetylation in various cancers, we investigated whether ω-3 FA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) could modify levels of histone and p53 acetylation in three DLBCL cell lines (at different CREBBP/EP300 mutational status) versus normal B cells. Exposure to DHA at clinically attainable doses was shown to significantly alter the genome-wide levels of histone posttranslational modifications in a cell-line-dependent and dose-dependent manner. Although histone acetylation did not increase uniformly, as initially expected, levels of p53 acetylation increased consistently. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction results revealed significant changes in expression of multiple genes, including increased expression of CREBBP and of PRDM1 (required for differentiation into plasma cells or memory B cells). Taken together, our results provide (to our knowledge) the first characterization of the epigenetic effects of ω-3 FAs in DLBCL.
ISF: Security Analysis and Assessment of Smart Home IoT-based Firmware
Authors: Bhardwaj Akashdeep , Kaushik Keshav , Alshehri Mohammed , Mohamed Ahmed Abo-Bakr , Keshta Ismail
Published: January 2023

The applications and services offered by the Internet of Things (IoT) have grown significantly during the past few years. Device makers and corporate suppliers have taken notice of this, which has led to a sudden inflow of new-age firms. Confidential data and information are involved as IoT device use rises. IoT device security has emerged as a major issue and is becoming more and more significant. Appropriate security measures are needed to prevent dangers and hazards associated with the adoption of smart technology in smart cities and houses that run IoT devices, according to security evaluations. In order to safeguard the smart home environment, our research focuses on IoT device firmware. The security methodology presented in this research may be used to analyze and investigate IoT firmware, revealing sensitive data and hardcoded user IDs and passwords that can be used in future attacks and breach of IoT devices. The authors put out an idea for how real-time datasets produced by IoT search engines may be analyzed using keywords according to different device kinds, locations, and manufacturers. The results showed that it took device owners 11–13 months to upgrade the firmware. Only HP and Cisco routinely provided firmware updates to protect IoT devices among IoT device makers.
Titanium Dioxide Nanocluster Modified Lignite-Based Nanoporous Carbon for Capacitive Deionization
Authors: Zhao Chunxia , Chen Yekai , Yu Zhaogang , Chen Qiushuang , Qi Yanyuan , Jian Zelang , Hu Shengfei , Chen Wen
Published: January 2023

With the development of capacitive deionization (CDI) technology, low-cost and high-performance capacitive deionization electrode materials have received great attention. Herein nanoporous carbon (NPC) was prepared using lignite as the carbon source in this work. The as-prepared NPC has a hierarchical nanoporous structure with micro-, meso- and macro-sized pores. Its specific surface area can reach 3581 m2 g−1. Then TiO2 nanoclusters modified NPC composites were fabricated for better CDI performance due to their synergistic electrochemical behaviour and properties. The results show that the size of TiO2 nanoclusters is 3–5 nm. TiO2 nanoclusters are uniformly dispersed in the composites which retain the hierarchical nanoporous structure and possess high specific surface area up to 3703 m2 g−1. Compared with NPC, the performance of xTiO2@NPC was significantly improved. The specific capacitance of 10TiO2@NPC is 193.45 F g−1 with 95% capacity retention after 5000 cycles. Its CDI adsorption capacity is up to 11.23 mg g−1, which is 1.55 times of NPC (7.24 mg g−1). It provides promising candidate materials for low-cost, industrial CDI applications with high performance through a facile method.