bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can Someone Be Unworthy to Exercise Their Right to Vote?
Authors: Kurunczi Gábor
Published: December 2024

Over time, the generality of the right to vote has become an accepted principle, but it is still possible to disenfranchise a person if they have committed a crime. In international practice, this ground for disenfranchisement is considered accepted, but the ECtHR has pointed out that individualization and discretion are essential. National practice in this respect is quite varied: in some countries, offenders are automatically excluded, but in other countries, this should not happen in any case, and in the third category the disfranchisement is only possible on a case-by-case basis. According to the current Hungarian legislation, the exclusion is only possible if the offender is sentenced to a custodial sentence and is also disqualified from public affairs. The Hungarian practice is in line with the ECtHR practice, however, on the basis of statistical, disenfranchisement for criminal offences remains quasi-automatic. Therefore, the study also outlines possible solutions that could make the Hungarian legislation more forward-looking.
Joachim Lelewel, poseł żelechowski
Authors: Mycielski Maciej
Published: December 2024

Historyk Joachim Lelewel został wybrany na posła z powiatu żelechowskiego w 1828 r. W artykule została omówiona kwestia jego praw wyborczych oraz okoliczności wyboru. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono reprezentowaniu przez Lelewela interesów ziemiaństwa tego powiatu.
Browary Ziem Zachodnich i Północnych w latach 1945-1951: Tom 1
Authors: Dryja Sławomir
Published: December 2024

The main goal of this study is an attempt to present, in the form of a monograph, the history of the brewing and malting industry in the early postwar years in territories by which Poland was expanded in 1945, commonly referred to as the Recovered Territories. Taking into account the propaganda undertones of the term, the present study will use “West and East Territories”, a more neutral description, to refer to the aforementioned regions. It is important to note that the subject of the development of the brewing industry after the end of World War II is all but non-existent in Polish academic literature. Thus, the present monograph is intended to address this shortage.
The Catalogue (Volume 2 of this study) contains details of 230 breweries. A note on one additional facility was found after the study had been submitted for publication, increasing the number of the plants described in the catalogue to 231. A brewery was listed in the catalogue if its existence during World War II or shortly before the outbreak of the war could be confirmed. The data were sourced from information sheets kept in the archive Gesellschaft für Geschichte des Brauwesens in Berlin, verified on the basis of industrial prospectuses “Die Brauereien und Mälzereien im Deutschen Reich” published in the years 1938-1942. Some plants had already been closed down when their details were recorded; still, they were included in this study. A second criterion required that the plants had to be mentioned in post-war documents, archival records stored in Polish archives, press releases, conservation or maintenance sources. Obviously, only one requirement had to be met for a plant to be listed in the catalogue (i.e. its presence in German or Polish sources).
Evaluation of the Effect of Diet Adherence on Nutritional Status and Metabolic Control in Children with Phenylketonuria Consuming a Phenylalanine-Restricted Diet: A Single-Center Study
Authors: Özen Yeşil Burcu , Koç Nevra , Köseler Beyaz Esra , Kucukcongar Aynur , Bilginer Gürbüz Berrak , Kasapkara Çiğdem Seher
Published: December 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the dietary habits of patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) in different age groups, to assess energy, protein and phenylalanine intakes, and to evaluate dietary compliance and its effect on metabolic control.

Material and Methods: The study, conducted between 1 March 2022 and 30 September 2022, the study involved 20 children aged 2-18 diagnosed with PKU at the Department of Pediatric Metabolism Outpatient Clinic of Ankara Bilkent City Hospital. Participants were evaluated for diet compliance and had their blood phenylalanine and tyrosine levels were measured.

Results: Among the 20 patients, 42.9% (n=9) were female and 57.1% (n=11) were male, with a mean age of 4.7±3.22 years. Age distribution was 70% (n=14) aged 2-6, 20% (n=4) aged 6-10, and 10% (n=2) aged 10-13. Patients attended four follow-ups over six months. A moderate negative correlation was found between daily dietary phenylalanine and blood phenylalanine levels in the first and last controls, and a high negative correlation in the 2nd and 3rd controls (p=0.006, p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.013). A positive moderate correlation was found between the frequency of daily amino acid mixture consumption and diet compliance (p=0.025). Increased meal frequency improved diet compliance. No significant relationship was found between blood phenylalanine levels and amino acid mixture consumption, diet compliance, or daily amino acid mixture consumption frequency.

Conclusion: In PKU, nutritional habits, daily phenylalanine intake and amino acid mixture consumption frequency impact dietary compliance and metabolic control. Lifelong medical nutrition therapy requires multidisciplinary team support, frequent follow-ups and adherence to the recommended diet.
Impact of the COVID-19 Era on Phenylalanine Levels and Classical Phenylketonuria Patients Follow-Up: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Kahraman Ayca Burcu , Yıldız Yılmaz , Geçici Neslihan Nisa , Çıkı Kısmet , Erdal İzzet , Akar Halil Tuna , Dursun Ali , Tokatli Ayşegül , Sivri Serap
Published: December 2024

Objective: Phenylketonuria is a metabolic disorder resulting from mutations in the PAH gene, causing elevated blood phenylalanine (Phe) levels which can lead to severe neurological damage if untreated. The primary treatment is a lifelong low-protein diet with amino acid substitutes and micronutrient supplements. During the COVID-19 pandemic, classical phenylketonuria (PKU) patients faced significant challenges, including restricted access to routine care like clinical visits and metabolic control monitoring. The aim of the this study was to examine the disruptions in outpatient visits, the variances in pre- and post-pandemic Phe levels, and clinical severity among patients who contracted COVID-19.

Material and Methods: Starting from the pandemic date of March 11, 2020, demographic data, laboratory characteristics, and details about COVID-19 infection were retrospectively reviewed for classical PKU patients with accessible electronic records from March 2018 to March 2022.

Results: When the median blood Phe levels before and after the pandemic were compared, a significant difference was found. We observed that adult patients diagnosed with classical PKU often defaulted on their follow-up appointments.

Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted the follow-up and management of classical PKU patients. However, no severe COVID-19 cases were reported among this population, suggesting they did not face an increased risk from the infection. This study emphasizes the critical need to develop robust strategies for patient engagement and follow-up, especially for adult classical PKU patients who are at risk of discontinuing routine care.
Supporting staff
Authors: Hannan Louise
Published: December 2024

Louise Hannan, PhD student at the Centre for Research and Early Childhood and lecturer at University Centre Somerset, shares more about a project which investigated how self-care and well-being strategies can support staff to navigate the challenges and successes of the working in early years.
How to keep tax bills low: advice for residential and care home owners
Authors: Bernstein Adam
Published: December 2024

Adam Bernstein discusses tips for lowering tax bills and avoiding scrutiny on tax returns.
Inheritance of Sterile Traits in Fifth Generation Chinese Cabbage and Evaluation of Yield Components
Authors:   Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand, Boonlao Patiphan , Jeeatid Nakarin ,   Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand, Thippachote Kamon ,   Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand, Pusadee Tonapha ,   Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand, Kumchai Jutamas ,   Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand,   Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology, Office of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation. (AG-BIO/MHESI), Bangkok 10900, Thailand
Published: December 2024

Chinese cabbage is a popular vegetable in Thailand and internationally. In Thailand, the majority of seeds used by farmers for cultivation are imported, a trend driven by increasing demand from both farmers and consumers. To reduce reliance on imported Chinese cabbage seeds and develop varieties suited to Thailand's environment, experiments have focused on transferring the genetic traits of Chinese cabbage into regular varieties through backcrossing methods. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with seventeen treatments, including five fertile varieties, six backcrossed varieties, and six commercial varieties, was used in our experiments. Results from the experiments indicated that, by the fifth generation, backcrossed Chinese cabbage varieties showed no pollen staining, distinguishing them from other varieties that exhibited normal pollen staining. In terms of yield components and desirable horticultural traits, two backcrossed (BC) varieties, BC5 142-6-5 and BC5 142-7-12, demonstrated statistically similar pre-trimming and post-trimming weights compared to commercial varieties, along with a shape index close to the desired market standard of 1.6. Additionally, other potential varieties, such as BC5 23-9-3 and BC5 27-8-7, alongside fertile varieties, 23-9-3, 23-8-7, 27-8-7, and 142-6-5, showed promise as male lines. These findings underscore several promising varieties for further breeding. These new backcross lines could serve as female lines for developing hybrids in Thailand, exhibiting high post-trimming yields and desirable head characteristics that align with consumer preferences.
Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in People Living Near the Mine-Closure in Tak Province
Authors:   Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Lampang 52190, Thailand, Phadermrod Chaiwat , Srivieng Patsiri ,   Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Lampang 52190, Thailand
Published: December 2024

Heavy metals including lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and cadmium (Cd) can damage the kidney, liver, brain, lungs, blood composition, and other vital organs. As a result, their toxicity, especially when contaminated in food, water, and soil, can be harmful to human health. This study evaluated the risk of adverse health effects to residents near closed zinc mines in Tak Province, Thailand. Data was collected from three subdistrict sites and analyzed for probable health risk. Scenario pathways were oral and dermal contact of heavy metals; including Pb, Zn, and Cd, in four age groups with average daily dose and hazard quantification; hazard index (HI); and cancer risk (CR) considered. Results were that carcinogen risk quantification exceeded the recommended limit (CR ≤10-6) in all scenarios, and the hazard index for non-carcinogenic risk was below the acceptable level (HQ ≤1), in which Cd dominated for all categories. These findings suggest that all medias and food products should be appropriately monitored, especially with carcinogenic surveillance, to mitigate health effects on residents.
Defining the extracellular matrix in non-cartilage soft-tissues in osteoarthritis: a systematic review
Authors: Raza Iwan G. A. , Snelling Sarah J. B. , Mimpen Jolet Y.
Published: December 2024

Aims

Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a critical determinant of tissue mechanobiology, yet remains poorly characterized in joint tissues beyond cartilage in osteoarthritis (OA). This review aimed to define the composition and architecture of non-cartilage soft joint tissue structural ECM in human OA, and to compare the changes observed in humans with those seen in animal models of the disease.

Methods

A systematic search strategy, devised using relevant matrix, tissue, and disease nomenclature, was run through the MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases. Demographic, clinical, and biological data were extracted from eligible studies. Bias analysis was performed.

Results

A total of 161 studies were included, which covered capsule, ligaments, meniscus, skeletal muscle, synovium, and tendon in both humans and animals, and fat pad and intervertebral disc in humans only. These studies covered a wide variety of ECM features, including individual ECM components (i.e. collagens, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins), ECM architecture (i.e. collagen fibre organization and diameter), and viscoelastic properties (i.e. elastic and compressive modulus). Some ECM changes, notably calcification and the loss of collagen fibre organization, have been extensively studied across osteoarthritic tissues. However, most ECM features were only studied by one or a few papers in each tissue. When comparisons were possible, the results from animal experiments largely concurred with those from human studies, although some findings were contradictory.

Conclusion

Changes in ECM composition and architecture occur throughout non-cartilage soft tissues in the osteoarthritic joint, but most of these remain poorly defined due to the low number of studies and lack of healthy comparator groups.

Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2024;13(12):703–715.
Rabelais in the Whig World: Religious Persecution, Forced Migration and the Politics of Literary Translation in Post-Revolutionary England
Authors: Mcdowell Nicholas
Published: December 2024

Abstract: The commentary that Pierre Antoine Le Motteux (1663-1718) added to the English translations of Rabelais that he issued in 1694, in which he interpreted the comic episodes of Gargantua and Pantagruel as "satirical allegories" on historical events and personalities in sixteenth-century France, has been mocked by commentators from Alexander Pope to Mikhail Bakhtin as a narrow, philistine way to read literature. This article recovers the personal context of religious persecution and forced migration that shaped the approach to reading Rabelais of Motteux, a Huguenot refugee in post-Revolutionary London. It also recovers the public context in which Motteux's translation and commentary were composed and published, relating them to the principles espoused by leading Whig writers, publishers, and politicians. Finally, it is suggested that Motteux's approach to Rabelais as an allegory that can be deciphered with the correct historical "key" influenced notable instances in the eighteenth-century development of English comic fiction, including Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels (1726) and Laurence Sterne's A Political Romance (1759).
Shared Breath, Common Sense: Encounters between Western and Amerindian Thought
Authors: Weber Elisabeth
Published: December 2024

Abstract: Emanuele Coccia's The Life of Plants proposes to "reopen the question of the world" through the deceptively simple, yet radical fact that all breathing living beings breathe because of plants. Refuting the metaphysical assumption that breath as spirit ( psyché rather than pneuma ) inhabits a higher ontological order than matter, Coccia fundamentally adjusts the claim of animal superiority over plants. As original as this approach might appear in contemporary Western thought, for Indigenous traditions, it is age-old. In the middle of the 19th century, it also deeply inspired Alexander von Humboldt's Kosmos . Not deterred by the "epistemic disconcertment" (H. Verran) between disparate knowledge traditions—Western/Northern and Amerindian—the Potawatomi scientist-botanist-ecologist Robin Wall Kimmerer engages in a practice of translative curiosity which, in the age of climate disaster, is more critical than ever. What Coccia's, Humboldt's and Kimmerer's approaches share is a radically expanded, literally vital understanding of sensus communis .
Home as Sacrament: Blackness and Belonging in Modern America
Authors: Wallace Maurice O. , Holloway Karla FC
Published: December 2024

Abstract: In the summer of 2024, two friends and former colleagues at Duke University engaged in a dialogue about visions of home in African American cultural life and imagination. Prompted by Southern Cultures guest editors Blair LM Kelley and LeRhonda S. Manigault-Bryant, Professors Karla FC Holloway and Maurice O. Wallace mused on the nonplace of home, touching on race, class, history, environment, spirituality, and Indigeneity. Their unscripted exchange explored the definition of home as variable: Home is a familiar space, a place of shared memories; it is sanctuary and belonging; it evokes feelings of love, safety, kindness, and security. Home encompasses structure and architecture, kitchens and gardens, plants and wildlife. An expanded view takes into account a home's meaning and intention, and this view recalls the ancestral, the original people who lived in a particular location. The colleagues reflected that home allows a temporary occupancy in places that will change, and that the spirit of home might be transportable.
Computational investigation of naturally occurring anticancer agents in regulating Hedgehog pathway proteins
Authors: Pai Renu , Sirigiri Divijendranatha Reddy , Malempati Rajyalakshmi , Vinjamuri Saisha
Published: December 2024

Embryonic development in humans is controlled by the Hedgehog pathway, which becomes inactive in mature tissues. Except for tissue maintenance and healing, activation of this pathway results in tumorigenesis with only a few exceptions. The drugs currently in use have shown no effectiveness in blocking the key proteins responsible for tumorigenesis. Therefore, it is crucial to find new inhibitors that can stop the abnormal activation of the pathway. A preliminary Insilco screening of naturally occurring compounds was carried out to identify potential inhibitors of the pathway. Docking of seventeen naturally occurring antitumorigenic compounds against the four key proteins of the regulatory proteins of the Hedgehog pathway using AutoDock v4.2.6 software was carried out. Liriodenine exhibited the strongest binding affinity towards three out of the four regulatory proteins (-7.61 kcal/mol with Smoothened, -8.14 kcal/mol with Patched-I, and -6.15 kcal/mol with Gli-II) of the Hedgehog pathway, whereas 2’,4-dihydroxy-3-methoxychalcone displayed the highest binding affinity of -7.04 kcal/mol with the Sonic Hedgehog protein. Additional molecular dynamic simulation was conducted using Gromacs with Liriodenine and 2’,4-dihydroxy-3-methoxy chalcone. Every protein-ligand complex underwent simulation using v5.1.4 software for a duration of 100 nanoseconds. The findings from the simulation indicate that Liriodenine and 2’,4-dihydroxy-3-methoxy chalcone form a strong bond with their corresponding protein. Our findings show that the two aforementioned molecules have potential as new inhibitors of the pathway and should be further investigated in both invitro and in vivo experiments.
Inhibitory effect of Zhujing Pill on myopia progression: Mechanistic insights based on metabonomics and network pharmacology
Authors: Du Yongle , Pang Mengran , Chen Haoyu , Zhou Xiangkun , Geng Ruyue , Zhang Yanan , Yang Linqi , Li Jiawen , Han Yufeng , Liu Jinpeng , Zhang Ruixue , Bi Hongsheng , Guo Dadong
Published: December 2024

Objectives

This study endeavored to uncover the mechanisms by which Zhujing pill (ZJP) slows myopia progression.

Methods

We employed biometric analyses to track diopter and axial length changes in guinea pigs with negative lens-induced myopia (LIM). Through integrating metabonomics and network pharmacology, we aimed to predict the anti-myopic targets and active ingredients of ZJP. Subsequent analysis, including real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting (WB), assessed the expression levels of CHRNA7, LPCAT1, and NOS2 in retinal tissues.

Key findings

Our findings demonstrate that ZJP significantly mitigates diopter increase and axial elongation in LIM guinea pigs. Metabonomic analysis revealed significant changes in 13 serum metabolites, with ZJP reversing the expression of 5 key metabolites. By integrating metabonomics with network pharmacology, we identified core targets of ZJP against myopia and constructed a compound-gene-disease-metabolite network. The expressions of LPCAT1 and CHRNA7 were found to decrease in the LIM group but increase with ZJP treatment, whereas NOS2 expression showed the opposite pattern.

Conclusions

This investigation provides the first evidence of ZJP’s multifaceted effectiveness in managing myopia, highlighting its impact on multiple components, targets, and pathways, including the novel involvement of LPCAT1 and CHRNA7 in myopia pathogenesis.
Research on the relationship between virtual social interaction and the degree of loneliness based on algorithm matching technologies: A quantitative analysis on the SOUL APP-A virtual social software for strangers
Authors: Liu Linsha
Published: December 2024

This study examines the relationship between virtual social interaction and people’s social behaviors and psychology using algorithm matching technologies and questionnaire surveys. The focus is on interpersonal communication on virtual social platforms. The findings indicate that engaging in virtual social networking is often accompanied by a high level of loneliness. Users who experience social anxiety in the real world tend to feel more lonely, and this loneliness is exacerbated by presenting an unreal version of oneself and having distrust in virtual social networking. Users with higher anxiety and loneliness levels are more likely to use the algorithm matching function of virtual social networking, engage in false self-presentation, and have less trust in the platform. Since the inherent flaws of virtual social networking cannot be eliminated solely through algorithm matching, a potential solution is to introduce more offline to online social functions for strangers. This exploration of actual matching on social platforms may help reduce users’ loneliness.
Characteristics of wild hazelnut populations in Northeast China and selection of superior provenances
Authors: Yuan Qiwen , Chen Yang , Zhang Dongyang , Yang Siyu , Yang Minghui , Zhu Xuesong , Guan Chunyu
Published: December 2024

China possesses a copious and geographically diverse reservoir of hazel (Corylus spp.) resources, albeit scholarly endeavors focusing on the selection and domestication of indigenous wild hazelnut strains remain scant. To develop and utilize high-quality wild hazelnut resources, this study selected eight populations of wild hazelnuts from seven different provenances in Heilongjiang Province, China. Natural hybrid seeds of eight populations were sown in the Chohai Forest Farm in Longjiang County, Heilongjiang Province, in 2018. In April 2020, two-year-old seedlings were used to establish a provenance trial forest, thereby initiating the provenance trial. Growth parameters were measured using electronic calipers, and pollen characteristics were observed under an electron microscope. The trials meticulously explored the trees’ flowering biology, growth parameters, and the economic attributes of the produced nuts. Principal component analysis was employed to comprehensively assess differences among the wild hazelnut populations from various provenances, aiming to identify superior wild hazelnut provenances. The results unveiled significant geographical variations among the tested provenances across several facets: the flowering period of male blossoms extended from April 2nd to April 19th, while female flowering occurred within the timeframe of April 2nd to April 22nd. Moreover, pollen grain morphology demonstrated variability, with the polar axis ranging from 14.02 to 17.09 micrometers, the equatorial axis spanning 16.02 to 18.75 micrometers, and the ratio of polar to equatorial axes fluctuating between 0.88 and 0.92. Through correlation analyses, nut length emerged as a pivotal determinant significantly influencing both kernel weight and the hundred-grain weight. A principal component analysis (PCA) further consolidated these findings, selecting the Nehe-originated variegated Corylus heterophylla as the superior provenance based on a comprehensive evaluation of its combined traits. This study constitutes a seminal contribution to the hazelnut breeding endeavor in China, establishing a robust foundation for informed cultivation strategies geared towards optimizing both the yield and the quality of hazelnut resources, thereby advancing the understanding and exploitation of China’s wild hazelnut biodiversity.
Evaluation of the immune status of dogs vaccinated against rabies by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using crude preparations of insect cells infected with a recombinant baculovirus encoding the rabies virus glycoprotein gene
Authors: Santosh A. K. , Kumar Deepak , Kaur Charanpreet , Gupta Priya , Jasmeen Pagala , Dilip L. , Kavitha G. , Basagoudanavar Suresh , Hosamani Madhusudan , Balamurugan V. , Sharada R. , Rathnamma D. , Sunil K. M. , Hegde Nagendra R. , Isloor Shrikrishna
Published: December 2024

Evaluation of the effectiveness of vaccination of animals against rabies is not routinely implemented. In cases where it is carried out, the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT) or the fluorescent antibody virus neutralization (FAVN) test are the recommended tests. However, both of these tests require handling of live rabies virus (RABV), and are cumbersome to perform. In view of this, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been proposed as a surrogate test; however, availability of appropriate antigen is a major impediment for the development of ELISAs to detect anti-rabies antibodies. The most widely used antigen is the RABV glycoprotein (G) purified from cell culture-propagated virus, which requires a biosafety level 3 containment. The alternative is to use recombinantly expressed G, which needs to be to be properly glycosylated and folded to serve as the best antigen. The most suitable system for its production is the baculovirus expression system (BVES). However, purification of RABV G is challenging. We therefore tested partially purified preparations in the form of extracts of insect cells infected with baculovirus expressing RABV G, against sera from vaccinated dogs in an indirect ELISA. The results showed good concordance against RFFIT, with sensitivity and specificity of 90.48% and 80.00%, respectively. The system may be used for quick screening to determine the presence and an approximate level of antibodies, and can be modified to enable monitoring of mass dog vaccination programs, as well as to facilitate certification of dogs intended for international travel and transportation.
Are the Culex pipiens biotypes pipiens, molestus and their hybrids competent vectors of avian Plasmodium?
Authors: Gutiérrez-López Rafael , Yan Jiayue , Gangoso Laura , Soriguer Ramón , Figuerola Jordi , Martínez-de la Puente Josué
Published: December 2024

The common house mosquito Culex pipiens s.l., widely distributed in Europe, Africa, and North America has two recognized biotypes, Cx. pipiens biotype pipiens and Cx. pipiens biotype molestus, which hybridize. Despite their morphological similarities, these biotypes may exhibit ecological differences. This complex ecological mosaic may affect the interaction of Cx. pipiens with pathogens like avian Plasmodium, which is transmitted to wildlife. Although the vector competence for Cx. pipiens biotype molestus has been well studied, there is a lack of studies comparing the vector competence of Cx. pipiens biotype pipiens and their hybrids for the transmission of avian Plasmodium. Here, we evaluated the vector competence of the Cx. pipiens biotypes pipiens, molestus and their hybrids for the transmission of two avian Plasmodium species. Mosquitoes were allowed to feed on blood of wild infected birds and the presence of DNA of Plasmodium in head-thorax and saliva of mosquitoes was molecularly evaluated at 13 day-post exposure. The transmission rates (i.e., the detection of parasite DNA in mosquito saliva) for Plasmodium cathemerium were similar for the two biotypes of Cx. pipiens and their hybrids while Plasmodium relictum DNA was only found in the saliva of Cx. pipiens biotype pipiens. In addition, P. cathemerium was significantly more prevalent than P. relictum in the saliva of Cx. pipiens biotype pipiens. Our results suggest that avian Plasmodium is transmitted by both Cx. pipiens biotypes and their hybrids although differences could be found depending of the parasite species studied. Differences in the abundance of each biotype and their hybrids within areas characterized by distinct environmental conditions, along with variations in their blood-feeding patterns and the parasites infecting birds, could ultimately determine differences in the relevance of each Cx. pipiens biotype in the transmission of avian Plasmodium.
Metaphors of young-onset dementia in the illness narratives of those with the condition
Authors: Miyamasu Flaminia
Published: December 2024

This study identified and analyzed metaphors related to the lived experience of young-onset dementia that were used in nine illness narratives written by people with the condition. A final set of 1111 MEs sorted into 30 source domain categories were grouped according to six target domain categories reflecting the biologic (the person with dementia’s body/brain), psychologic (suffering with dementia, coping with dementia, dementia itself, the person with dementia), and social (the social experience of dementia) aspects of having dementia. Notably, many of the metaphors were similar to previously reported metaphors of illness, such as fight and journey, and other metaphors of embodiment, as well as disease as enemy, body as container, and body as machine. In addition, although negative conceptualizations were in the majority, almost one-third of the metaphoric expressions, belonging to the fight and journey source domain categories, reflected mainly positive images. The commonality of metaphor types with those of other illness experiences supports the notion of shared metaphors across illness contexts. Moreover, in contrast to the dehumanizing and stigmatizing terms that have previously been used to socially construct dementia, the positivity of metaphoric images identified here indicates the authors’ proactive and affirming conceptualizations of their experience of dementia. Health care professionals can draw on this study’s findings to help their own patients make sense of and cope with dementia.
Personal and workplace factors influencing the resilience of nurses caring for women with cervical cancer in a resource-constrained setting in Ghana
Authors: Oware Jennifer , Iddrisu Merri , Konlan Kennedy Dodam , Dzansi Gladys
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Cervical cancer has been identified as the fourth most common form of malignancy affecting and killing women globally. Nurses caring for cervical cancer patients are exposed to emotional and psychological distress due to late presentation and the burden of care. Resilience has been identified as one of the effective ways of helping nurses to cope well with the stress of oncology nursing, but this remains undetermined in Ghana

Aim

This study explored personal and workplace factors influencing the resilience of nurses caring for women diagnosed with advanced cervical cancer (stage III and IV) in a resource-constrained setting in Ghana

Method

Using a qualitative approach, we recruited twenty nurses and midwives who had worked for a year and above caring for advanced-stage cervical cancer patients at the national referral hospital in Ghana. We conducted in-depth interviews between July, 2022 to September, 2022 which were audio-taped with participants’ consent. Transcription was done verbatim, and analysis conducted using thematic analysis approach with the aid of NVivo 10.0.

Results

The results revealed experience as a safety toolkit, inherent desire to help/care for the patient, emotional numbness and maintaining professional outlook as personal factors influencing resilience among the participants. Regarding the workplace factors influencing resilience, we identified the main theme of demands of caregiving for advanced cervical cancer patients with the following sub-themes; severity of cases managed, nature of care rendered, activities of care given, reshuffling, schedules and gender mirroring as an exacerbator of psychological suffering.

Conclusion

Resilience among nurses and midwives caring for terminally ill cervical cancer patients is influenced by longer years of service, intrinsic motivation to work as a nurse, and the defense strategy of emotional numbness and professionalism at the individual level. Also, the huge demand of caregiving serves as a major workplace factor affecting the resilience of nurses and midwives. We recommend strategies such as regular ward conferences and in-service trainings aimed at enhancing job-experience, inherent desire to render care and professionalism be adopted in resource-constrained settings to improve nurses’ resilience. In addition, political actors and management of hospitals must prioritize allocation of resources for advanced cervical cancer care with particular focus on providing more specialized nurses and midwives.
Diagnostic potential of genomic blood biomarkers of pulmonary fibrosis in a prospective cohort
Authors: He Daniel , Shannon Casey P. , Hirota Jeremy A. , Ask Kjetil , Ryerson Christopher J. , Tebbutt Scott J.
Published: December 2024

Fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) result from excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the lung, causing irreversible damage to the lung architecture. Clinical management of ILDs differs depending on the diagnosis, but differentiation between subtypes can be difficult and better clinical biomarkers are needed. In this study, we use a 166-gene NanoString assay to investigate whether there are ILD subtype-specific transcripts in whole blood. We identified one transcript, killer cell lectin like receptor 1 (KLRF1), as differentially expressed between idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and systemic sclerosis-associated ILD (SSc-ILD), and identified two transcripts (VCAN, LTK) associated with IPF expression against other ILD subtypes. These findings were validated by examining their expression in ILD lung, with KLRF1 expression significantly higher in SSc-ILD compared to IPF and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) samples. Taken together, this pilot study provides support for the use of the peripheral transcriptome in identifying diagnostic biomarkers of ILD with biological relevance.
Study of electric field distribution on plasma and plasma catalysis reactor for different electrode configurations and pellet sizes
Authors: Deo Jai Vardhan , Madhukar Apeksha
Published: December 2024

In various non thermal plasma based applications, the dynamics of electric fields and charged particle interactions are crucial. In order to find an efficient plasma reactor, the effects of different electrode configurations for the plasma approach and pellet packaging & optimal sizing for the plasma catalysis approach were studied for 6 different types of volume discharge and surface discharge reactor using COMSOL Multiphysics 6.0. The different electrode configurations viz. concentric cylindrical, square and helical as volume discharged reactors and floating & 2 types of non-floating electrodes as surface discharge reactors are considered. The effect of different size (diameter 1/3/5 mm) of pellets were studied for helical and cylindrical plasma reactors for plasma catalysis. The simulated results were then experimentally verified and validated for production of ozone and the conversion or reduction of NOx from diesel exhaust.
Optical emission spectroscopy of breaking arc plasma between consumable electrodes
Authors: Murmantsev Aleksandr , Bartlová Milada , Šimek David , Valenta Jiří , Kloc Petr , Apanasenko Vladyslav
Published: December 2024

The investigation focuses on the optical emission spectroscopy of plasma generated by breaking arc between single-component Cu and composite Cu-W electrodes manufactured using shock sintering technology at temperature of 750°C. The electrodes were subjected to arc currents of 4, 50, and 104 A. Optical emission spectroscopy with high spectral and temporal resolution was employed to investigate the plasma with copper and tungsten vapour admixtures. The temporal evolution of temperature in the plasma was determined by the Boltzmann plot technique based on the emission intensities of Cu I spectral lines. Temporal evolution of electron densities were determined from the full width at half maximum of Cu I 515.3 nm spectral line. These initial plasma parameters integrated over the volume of breaking arc were utilized to calculate the temporal evolution of plasma compositions and contents of metal vapours admixtures in discharge gap.
Enhancing Plasma Torch Efficiency: Wet Steam Cooling
Authors: Essiptchouk Alexei
Published: December 2024

The efficient use of wet steam for plasma torch cooling and water plasma generation is important for reliable plasma generator design. Wet steam, due to phase transformation capability, improves heat removal at lower gas flow rates if compared to liquid water. To evaluate the wet steam cooling potential, a numerical model is proposed, incorporating governing equations (mass, momentum, energy, current, and Ampere's law) are expressed in the cylindrical coordinate system. The model is applied to investigate the wet steam cooling feasibility for the anode of a direct current plasma torch with non-transferred arc. Electric arc modeling examines anode spot location and anode surface temperature distribution for a 120 A arc current and gas flow rates of 42, 90, and 140 l/min under steady flow conditions. Analysis of spatial vapor content distribution in the refrigeration channel highlights unfavorable conditions when wet steam becomes dry.
No es solo cuestión de hectáreas. Reflexiones sobre el control del territorio de una empresa forestal transnacional en la provincia de Misiones (Argentina)
Authors: Ramirez Delia Concepción
Published: December 2024

En este artículo se caracterizan las formas de acceso y control de los recursos que despliega una mega empresa forestal en la región del Alto Paraná misionero, atendiendo en los mecanismos de acaparamiento de la tierra, que en el caso también implican extranjerización, y a las dinámicas globales vinculadas al modelo de agronegocio forestal. El argumento principal que se despliega, a partir de una investigación extensa, es que conjunto de prácticas materiales y simbólicas que refuerzan la presencia de la empresa transnacional en el territorio local y sus patrones de control son nodales para los procesos de acaparamiento de tierras contemporáneos.
nueva ruta para los abordajes metodológicos en las prácticas de extensión: el caso de la Escuela de Planificación y Promoción Social
Authors: Chavarria Briceño Randy , Pereira Ortega Jazmín , Vargas Venegas Marta , Ortega Ortega Ángel
Published: December 2024

A lo largo de 50 años de existencia, la Escuela de Planificación y Promoción Social de la Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, ha curricularizado cuatro cursos prácticos en el marco de la carrera. El artículo recupera los esfuerzos realizados en su nueva malla curricular en procura de mayor integración del componente teórico y metodológico en la formación de profesionales críticos en planificación.
La incorporación de los cursos prácticos al plan de estudios fue un anhelo de las personas fundadoras para promover el ejercicio de la planificación de manera participativa y diseñar estrategias que aporten a la transformación social. Para ello, desde 1970 los cursos prácticos son alineados a los objetivos de los programas y proyectos de extensión de la carrera, en los cuales el estudiantado se incorpora como miembro de los equipos extensionistas en el marco de la estrategia de formación profesional.
Historias, memorias y territorios: reflexiones en torno a metodologías en la construcción colectiva de historias barriales en Montevideo
Authors: Cassanello Carina , Abbadie Lucia
Published: December 2024

La intención de este artículo es problematizar la metodología de abordaje de la historia barrial desarrollada en experiencias integrales en la Universidad de la República. En ese sentido, se desarrollan las dimensiones teóricas que organizan nuestra mirada y las técnicas desplegadas para el abordaje de las diversas memorias colectivas que emergen en los territorios indagados. Por un lado, partimos de la perspectiva de la integralidad que busca generar procesos de producción de conocimiento socialmente pertinente a partir de diálogos de saberes, y desde allí problematizamos en torno a las dimensiones metodológicas y técnicas utilizadas en estos procesos. Por otro lado, integramos una perspectiva interdisciplinaria que procura poner en diálogo las disciplinas históricas y antropológicas para potenciar los cruces entre memoria, historia y territorialidades.
Potencialidades de la Investigación–Acción–Participativa en extensión universitaria desde el campo de la comunicación social
Authors: Gaitán Matías
Published: December 2024

Las reflexiones contenidas en este artículo tienen como punto de partida una experiencia de adscripción en la cátedra de Planificación y Evaluación de Proyectos de Comunicación de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Comunicación, de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, y la participación durante el ciclo lectivo 2023 en el Programa de Curricularización de la Extensión Universitaria. Además, esta experiencia se encuentra en estrecha vinculación con el trabajo del autor como becario de la Secretaría de Extensión Universitaria de la misma casa de estudios, también durante el año 2023. Se hace énfasis en las posibilidades que brinda la metodología de Investigación–Acción–Participativa a la hora de asumir perspectivas críticas desde la extensión universitaria y la comunicación social como prácticas transformadoras para todos los sujetos involucrados, tanto universitarios como extrauniversitarios.
Reseña de libro/ Historia y presente de la extensión universitaria: diálogos Sur–Norte. Memoria del seminario internacional
Authors: Dougnac Paulette
Published: December 2024

Historia y Presente de la Extensión Universitaria: Diálogos Sur–Norte compila y amplía las ponencias realizadas durante el seminario internacional del mismo nombre, organizado en la Universidad de la República de Uruguay en 2022. Con experiencias y reflexiones de autores provenientes de Uruguay, Argentina, Chile, Brasil y Estados Unidos, el texto es parte de un esfuerzo colectivo por cimentar un diálogo global sobre la extensión universitaria.
El libro puede consultarse por capítulo o recorrerse como un todo, donde el diálogo aparece como eje. No solo el diálogo entre sur y norte (geográfico y epistémico). También el diálogo entre pasado y presente; el diálogo entre investigación, docencia y extensión; el diálogo entre las universidades del sur global; el diálogo de saberes; el diálogo entre distintos modelos de universidad; el diálogo entre universidad y sociedad. El diálogo como elemento constituyente de la extensión.
Mini Box Theater: Development and Validation of an Innovative Storytelling Media for Children Aged 5-6 Years
Authors: Sedana Suci I Gede , Marsono  , Suyanta I Wayan , Sindu Putra Ida Bagus Komang , Kamalia Jaya Praptika , Eka Suciari Putri Ida Ayu
Published: December 2024

This research focuses on developing and validating the Mini Box Theater as an innovative storytelling medium for children aged 5-6 years at Bali Kumara Batubulan Kindergarten. The study followed the Research and Development (R&D) methodology, utilising the ADDIE and Dick and Carey models. The objectives were to design, develop, and assess the feasibility of the Mini Box Theater for enhancing storytelling activities. Data were collected through observations, teacher interviews, and expert validation from five validators specialising in early childhood education and media development. Content validation involved evaluating storytelling components such as literacy, children's ability to express feelings, and participation in pre-reading activities. Media validation focused on technical aspects like design, material suitability, and ease of use. The results demonstrated high content validity, with a Content Validity Ratio (CVR) 1 for all items. Based on expert feedback, revisions were made to improve the media’s visual appeal and enhance character interactions. Limitations of the study included the absence of comprehensive field testing due to time constraints. Despite this, the Mini Box Theater shows promise for improving children's storytelling skills, vocabulary, and cultural awareness. Future research should focus on field testing to assess the media's effectiveness in real classroom settings and explore its potential for broader educational applications. This study contributes to early childhood education by offering a culturally relevant and engaging tool for language development.
Parenting Stress and Styles as Predictors of Verbal Aggression in Early Childhood: A Study in Pemalang Kindergartens
Authors: Uni Haryanti Dwi , Liftiah Liftiah , Diana
Published: December 2024

Verbal aggression in early childhood, often characterised by behaviours such as mocking, cursing, and insulting, is a growing concern influenced by parenting stress and parenting styles. This study aims to analyse the relationship between parenting stress and parenting styles and their effects on verbal aggression in young children. A quantitative descriptive approach was employed, involving 125 parents from seven kindergartens in Pemalang Regency. Data collection utilised validated questionnaires, and the sample was determined through proportional sampling. The analysis included descriptive statistics, partial significance testing (T-test), and linear regression. The findings reveal that parenting stress has a significant effect on verbal aggression, with a significance value of 0.002 (< 0.050). Parenting style was also shown to significantly influence verbal aggression, with a significance value of 0.000 (< 0.050). Collectively, these variables were found to substantially contribute to the level of verbal aggression in early childhood. This research underscores the importance of addressing parenting stress and promoting positive parenting styles to mitigate verbal aggression in young children. Limitations include focusing solely on parenting variables and the absence of longitudinal analysis. Future research should explore additional contributing factors, such as socioeconomic status and child temperament, to develop comprehensive intervention strategies.