bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus L.) Skin and Development of a Digital Histomorphometric Tool to Analyse It
Authors: Johansson Gunhild Seljehaug , Ytteborg Elisabeth , Timmerhaus Gerrit , Johansen Lill‐Heidi
Published: February 2025

Lumpfish are commonly used as cleaner fish in the production of Atlantic salmon as a preventive measure against sea lice. This, and other procedures, are stressful and may harm the cleaner fish. In this work, lumpfish skin was studied to understand this organ better and to develop tools to analyse and monitor lumpfish skin health. Three different sample sets were used: preadult lumpfish from a land‐based hatchery, adult lumpfish from a salmon farm and adult lumpfish before and after a delousing at a commercial salmon farm. We developed a digital histomorphometric algorithm in Aiforia to better quantify structures and measure skin features and to study the effects of delousing treatment on lumpfish skin. Results show that lumpfish skin is highly complex. The specific cells and their integrity are important for the fish to maintain homeostasis and protect against the outer environment. Damages in skin are induced during or after delousing, and these damages may make the fish more susceptible to secondary infections. The detected damages may be difficult to observe through visual inspections, and in‐depth analyses at the cellular level may be needed to understand the impact of different stressors on lumpfish health.
Use of Indices Combining Diastolic and Systolic Tissue Doppler Variables to Evaluate Right Ventricular Function in Dogs With Pulmonary Stenosis
Authors: Winter Randolph L. , Maneval Kara L. , Ferrel Claudio Serrano
Published: February 2025

Background

Indices combining diastolic and systolic tissue Doppler variables, the Ee′s′ index (E/[e′ × s′]) and e′a′s′ index (e′/[a′ × s′]), have aided detection of myocardial dysfunction and in prediction of poor outcomes in humans with cardiovascular diseases. Studies of Ee′s′ and e′a′s′ indices in dogs have not been performed.

Hypothesis/Objectives

Dogs with pulmonary stenosis (PS) have elevated right ventricular (RV) Ee′s′ and e′a′s′ indices compared to healthy dogs, which will decrease after pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty (BV) or stent implantation.

Animals

Thirty client‐owned dogs (15 healthy, 15 with PS).

Methods

Cross‐sectional study. All dogs had echocardiography performed, including the measurement of RV diastolic and systolic variables and calculation of the Ee′s′ and e′a′s′ indices. Dogs with PS had echocardiography performed prior to and after interventional procedures.

Results

The Ee′s′ index was lower (p = < 0.001) in healthy dogs (median 0.43, range 0.23–0.74) compared to dogs with PS pre‐operatively (1.49, 0.28–3.79). The e′a′s′ index was lower (p = 0.039) in healthy dogs (mean 8.03 ± 3.28) compared to dogs with PS pre‐operatively (11.39 ± 4.03). Compared to pre‐operative values, the Ee′s′ index (1.01, 0.36–1.62) and e′a′s′ index (8.35 ± 3.29) decreased (p = 0.018, p = 0.001, respectively) after pulmonary intervention in dogs with PS.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Dogs with PS have RV myocardial dysfunction that can be measured with Ee′s′ and e′a′s′ indices, and these values can be used to monitor response to pulmonary intervention over time. These findings suggest that calculation of Ee′s′ and e′a′s′ indices might have clinical importance in long‐term management of dogs with PS.
Sexual dichromatism increases with altitude in birds with ultraviolet sensitive vision
Authors: Villar D. A. , Marino Jorgelina , Gosler Andrew G.
Published: February 2025

The harsher environment of higher altitudes increases selection for biparental care and increases extrinsic mortality, both of which are expected to reduce the strength of sexual selection. The intensity of sexual selection is often studied using sexual dimorphism as a proxy, especially sexual dichromatism. In birds, multiple studies have shown that sexual dichromatism decreases with increasing altitude. However, those studies have either used small datasets or have used human scoring of sexual dichromatism, potentially missing out on significant levels of cryptic dichromatism. This study includes the measure of subjective sexual dichromatism of the Vorobyev‐Osorio colour discrimination model of sexual dichromatism in 758 species of bird with UV‐sensitive visual systems and tests whether a relationship exists between altitude and sexual dichromatism. We found a significant positive relation between altitude and sexual dichromatism when accounting for the UV‐sensitive vision of Passeriformes, Charadriiformes, Psittaciformes and Struthioniformes, but not when dichromatism is measured using human scoring. This suggests that there might be a greater selection pressure for females to select high‐quality males in harsher, higher altitude, environments and that this signalling is primarily done in the ultraviolet range. We suggest that macroecologists should pay closer attention to the receiver psychology of signals even when studying a large number of species and that not doing so could lead to misleading or spurious macroecological and/or macroevolutionary patterns.
Effects of Remote Ischemic Conditioning on Postoperative Recovery After Hepatectomy: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Tian Chun , Tian Hongni , Li Wenlang , Chen Jie , Guo Qiao , Duan Guangyou , Huang He
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims

Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) has shown promise in preclinical and clinical studies, but its effectiveness in reducing hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injuries (HIRIs) and enhancing postoperative recovery after hepatectomy remains uncertain. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of perioperative RIC (PRIC) on postoperative recovery in patients undergoing hepatectomy.

Methods

A randomised controlled trial was performed. A total of 135 eligible patients were randomised to either a control group (sham RIC), a PRIC‐1 group (RIC once daily for 3 days starting on the day of surgery) or a PRIC‐2 group (RIC twice daily). The primary outcome was the time to 2 times the upper limit of normal (2ULN) alanine transaminase (ALT) levels post‐hepatectomy. Secondary outcomes included time to reach 2ULN for aspartate transaminase (AST) levels, the area under the concentration–time curve on postoperative Day 7 (AUC‐POD7) for ALT, AST, total bilirubin and lactic acid, as well as assessments of gastrointestinal function and postoperative complications.

Results

Median time to 2ULN ALT was shorter in the PRIC‐1 and PRIC‐2 groups than in the control group (PRIC‐1: 5.0 [3.5, 6.0] vs. control: 7.0 [7.0, 10.0] days, p < 0.001; PRIC‐2: 5.0 [4.0, 8.0] vs. control: 7.0 [7.0, 10.0] days, p < 0.001). The AUC‐POD7 for ALT and AST, time to 2ULN AST, time to gastrointestinal tolerance and postoperative complications were significantly improved in the PRIC groups compared with thecontrols.

Conclusions

PRIC is safe and effective in reducing HIRIs and enhancing recovery post‐hepatectomy. Once‐daily PRIC offers similar benefits to twice‐daily PRIC.

Trial Registration

NCT06130436 (ClinicalTrials.gov)
Agreement between extrapolated corneoscleral topographical data obtained during natural and retracted eyelid positions
Authors: Hughes Rohan P. J. , Iqbal Asif , Hoffmann Grace , Holden Joseph , Kitson Rebecca , Nguyen‐Tran Huan , Thompson Erika , Xiao Julie , Vincent Stephen J.
Published: February 2025

Purpose

To examine the influence of aperture size (corneoscleral data coverage) on extrapolated scleral sagittal height data generated by the Pentacam HR derived from the Corneo Scleral Profile (CSP) software, by comparing measurements obtained during natural and retracted eyelid positions.

Methods

Corneoscleral topography of the left eye of 20 young (age: 22 [3] years) healthy adults with normal corneas was measured using the Pentacam HR CSP with the eyelids in their natural primary gaze resting position and during eyelid retraction with a wire speculum. The measured and extrapolated sagittal height data were exported from the instrument and analysed over a range of chord diameters (10.0, 12.5, 15.0 and 17.5 mm) and locations (superior, inferior, nasal and temporal) using customised software.

Results

Eyelid retraction increased data coverage (% of available data points within 360°) for the 12.5 and 15.0 mm chord diameters (by 25% and 35%, respectively, p < 0.001), but by less than 10% for the 10.0 and 17.5 mm chord diameters. Significant differences in extrapolated sagittal height data were observed between the natural and retracted eyelid positions with respect to chord diameter and location (both p < 0.001), with the greatest difference observed superiorly for a 17.5 mm chord diameter (mean extrapolated sagittal height difference, retracted minus natural: −447 ± 401 μm, p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Eyelid retraction substantially increased data coverage for the 12.5 and 15.0 mm chord diameters. Significant differences in the extrapolated sagittal height data generated from measurements obtained during natural and retracted eyelid positions were observed for the superior location (12.5, 15.0 and 17.5 mm chord diameters) and inferior and nasal locations (17.5 mm chord diameter). Extrapolated sagittal height values obtained during the natural eyelid position were typically greater than those obtained with eyelid retraction, most likely due to the amount of measured data available for extrapolation.
Toxoplasma gondii (GRA10): A Closer Glance Into Immunogenic and Biochemical Characteristics Using In Silico Approach
Authors: Khadem Mohammadi Mahdi , Ghaffari Ali Dalir
Published: February 2025

Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate, intracellular, protozoan parasite, is known to infect a wide range of warm‐blooded animals, including livestock, marine mammals and humans leading to the development of toxoplasmosis. The dense granule antigens (GRAs) have garnered crucial role in parasite survival, virulence and the formation of the parasitophorous vacuole. The study focusing on the GRA10 protein of T. gondii aims to elucidate its features further to support its potential inclusion in future vaccine formulations. The present study provided an exhaustive elucidation of the key characteristics of the GRA10 protein, encompassing its presence of a transmembrane domain, physico‐chemical properties, subcellular localization, potential epitopes recognised by B‐cells and T‐cells, secondary and tertiary structures, as well as other significant attributes of this protein. The results indicated that the GRA10 protein possesses a total of 192 possible post‐translational modification sites, with no transmembrane domains being detected within its structure. In terms of secondary structure, the GRA10 protein is composed of 27.74% alpha‐helix, 13.53% extended strand and 58.72% random coil elements. Additionally, various potential B‐ and T‐cell epitopes were pinpointed for the GRA10 protein, suggesting its immunogenic properties. The assessment of antigenicity and allergenicity further confirmed that GRA10 is immunogenic but non‐allergenic, making it a promising candidate for further study. Furthermore, the induction of IFN‐γ and IL‐4 highlighted the ability of related MHC‐II molecules to interact with GRA10, indicating its potential role in immune responses. These findings shed light on the multifaceted nature of the GRA10 protein and its significance in immunological processes. The study presented crucial fundamental and theoretical information regarding GRA10 in order to facilitate the creation of a potent vaccine against both acute and chronic toxoplasmosis, warranting additional in vivo examinations.
A Review and New Insights Into Spermatogenesis From Single‐Cell RNA Sequencing
Authors: Wang Zhiqiang , Xiao Nan , Han Qing , Qi Yunjia , Shi Deshun , Luo Chan
Published: February 2025

As the most primitive germ cells in the testis, spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) not only constantly renew themselves to ensure their quantity, but also differentiate into mature sperm cells to complete spermatogenesis and transmit genetic information to the next generation. Successful spermatogenesis is inseparable from niche regulation, which provides factors that enhance the self‐renewal of SSCs to maintain their numbers and directs the appropriate differentiation of spermatogonia. Some progress has been achieved in the definition and isolation of SSCs. However, a high degree of cellular heterogeneity is found in the testis, revealing a combination of various cell types at different developmental stages and a lack of specific molecular markers (especially in domestic animals) for fully screening and purifying SSCs. These factors have considerably hindered further research into the mechanisms of maintenance, self‐renewal, and differentiation of SSCs, as well as limited their isolation, purification, and applications. Accumulated studies have recently successfully employed single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) as a novel approach to detailing the classification of cell subsets, mining specifically expressed genes in different cell types, and accurate identification of specific cell types. This review summarises the progress of SSCs identification and offers new insights into the SSCs developmental trajectory from single‐cell RNA sequencing.
Sphagnum moss layer growth after restoration of forestry‐drained peatlands in Finland
Authors: Laatikainen Amanda , Kolari Tiina H. M. , Tahvanainen Teemu
Published: February 2025

Restoration of forestry‐drained peatlands aims to restore near‐natural hydrology and peat‐forming vegetation. Particularly, Sphagnum mosses are important for carbon (C) sequestration through peat accumulation. We investigated the new Sphagnum moss layer in 18 restored peatlands circa 10 years after restoration. The sites were monitored for vegetation, water level, and water chemistry. The post‐restoration moss layer had grown on average to 14.9 ± 5.2 cm in thickness, measured from peat cores. An independent method using rooting depths of small pines (Pinus sylvestris) indicated a 15.4 ± 5.4 cm average thickness of the newly formed moss layer. The average dry mass of the post‐restoration moss layer was 2882 ± 1318 g/m2. Apparent accumulation rates in the moss layer were 132.5 ± 59.8 g m−2 yr−1 for C and 2.36 ± 0.91 g m−2 yr−1 for nitrogen (N). Growth rates were significantly connected to mire type, latitude, and water quality. Thick moss cover developed well under relatively wet baseline conditions and with water level rise near the pre‐restoration peat surface. Moss growth was generally greater in open “oligotrophic” peatlands than in forested or “mesotrophic” sites. N concentration, pH, and electric conductivity of pore water correlated negatively with growth, while phosphorus showed no significant correlations. Our results indicate that a thick Sphagnum moss layer forms rapidly during the first 10 years after successful restoration, with C sequestration rates commonly exceeding those of pristine bogs. Restoration of south‐boreal acidic, nutrient‐poor peatlands where forest drainage has been unsuccessful appears most promising regarding C sequestration by peat mosses.
Water outage predictions for natural hazards using synthetic water distribution systems
Authors: Pagan‐Cajigas Zaira , Guikema Seth , Otaduy‐Ramirez Rosalia , Woolley Vanessa , Smith Kaleb , Hu Tongxing , Chen Thomas
Published: February 2025

Hazards can impact water systems, leading to water outages that result in economic, environmental, and societal losses. Modeling a system's behavior helps develop short‐term restoration strategies and long‐term resilience planning. However, data on the topology and operational characteristics of real water systems are often unavailable outside of the utility operating the system, limiting the ability of others depending on the system to understand its vulnerability and resilience. We address this limitation by developing an algorithm that generates a synthetic water distribution system using only publicly available data. Our approach provides hydraulic information at the building level to support infrastructure resilience assessments. We validated our model by comparing the network topologic and hydraulic properties with data from the real water system of Ann Arbor, Michigan. Our synthetic model results indicate that 95% of the simulated building‐level pressures were within PSI of the hydraulic model data from the existing system. To demonstrate an application of our model, we simulated water outages at the building level using hazard loading and fragility functions corresponding to an earthquake scenario.
Affected Realism and Imitated Perception: Ekphrasis and Orthodox Space in Leskov and Chekhov
Authors: Roberts Tom
Published: February 2025

Nikolai Leskov and Anton Chekhov frequently portray Russian Orthodox sites and services in their fiction. Examining Leskov’s novella The Sealed Angel, and three early Chekhov stories, this article explores how the two authors represent Orthodox liturgical space through the Byzantine technique of ekphrasis, a descriptive method used to present church architecture in sermons, hymns, encomia, and prayers. Rather than objectively describing church architecture and interior space, ekphrasis reproduces the site’s aesthetic and affective impact on the speaker, who recounts this idealized experience to evoke an emotional response. Ekphrastic technique therefore contradicts mimetic procedures of realist representation, prioritizing the impression produced by the material image over descriptive accuracy. Leskov and Chekhov present Orthodox sites as they are imaginatively perceived, in idealist approximations of liturgical space that more faithfully reflect the nature of liturgical experience. Both authors dramatize character point of view and voice to call forth an embodied, affective experience of Orthodox space—transposing the reader to a fictive setting, and simulating spatial presence and perception. By reviving classical ekphrasis, Leskov and Chekhov also parody realist mimetic conventions, and advance the historical development of realism itself.
Associations of 24‐h Movement Behaviors With Incidence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors: The Finnish Retirement and Aging Study
Authors: Suorsa Kristin , Leskinen Tuija , Pasanen Jesse , Pentti Jaana , Vahtera Jussi , Stenholm Sari
Published: February 2025

Low physical activity, high sedentary time (SED), and inadequate sleep increase cardiovascular disease risk, but the codependency between these 24‐h movement behaviors has often been neglected. This study examined associations between 24‐h movement behaviors and incidence of cardiovascular risk factors. The study included 866 adults (mean age 62.4 years, SD 1.1) from the Finnish Retirement and Aging study who participated in wrist‐accelerometry measurements between 2014 and 2018. Incident register‐based cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, and questionnaire‐based obesity were followed up over on average 3‐year follow‐up. Compositional Cox regression models were adjusted for age, sex, occupation, smoking, and heavy alcohol consumption. We recorded 84 (17%) new cases of hypertension, 66 (9%) dyslipidemia, 28 (3%) type 2 diabetes, 43 (6%) obesity, and 94 (26%) any of these cardiovascular risk factors. Compared to mean composition (7.8 h sleep, 11.0 h SED, 4.2 h light physical activity [LPA], 60 min moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity [MVPA]), having 10 min more MVPA at the cost of other behaviors was associated with 5%–7% risk reduction in hypertension, 10%–13% in obesity, and 6%–7% in any cardiovascular risk factor. Among the least active (sleep 7.9 h, SED 12.1 h, LPA 3.6 h, MVPA 24 min), the risk reductions were nearly twofold. In conclusion, when accounting the interdependence of movement behaviors, MVPA associated with highest risk reduction in hypertension and obesity, especially among the least active participants. This suggests that even a small increase in daily MVPA could help prevent development of cardiovascular risk factors.
A Vote for Homophobia? Variation in Homophobic Beliefs Among Trump Voters by Political Affiliation and Beliefs
Authors: Eidelhoch Anne N. M. Getz
Published: February 2025

Mainstream homophobia is trending. From the onslaught of viral social media accounts that spread homophobia to the incorporation of prejudicial talking points on news platforms, the rhetoric that is being trafficked today has direct roots in an earlier wave of American homophobia; the characterization of the LGBT+ community as inherent child predators, or “groomers.” While the language of groomerism and explicit homophobia is associated with the political right and supporters of Donald Trump, the variation of homophobic belief among his nontraditional supporters has yet to be interrogated. This paper analyzes the level of homophobic beliefs among voters for Donald Trump (N = 560) in the 2020 presidential election stratified by political party affiliation and political beliefs using nationally representative data from the 2022 General Social Survey. Among the N = 560 Trump voter respondents, 64.87% were Republican and 36.13% were other political party members, 69.86% were conservative and 30.14% had other political views. Homophobic beliefs are measured by both belief in the right to gay marriage and the morality of gay relationships. Results from logistic regressions indicate a significantly higher level of homophobic beliefs among conservative and Republican Trump voters compared to Trump voters of other political views and affiliations respectively, controlling for age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Conservatism was found to be the strongest predictor of homophobic beliefs in morality of relationships and marriage respectively (OR: 2.61, p < 0.001; OR: 2.43, p < 0.001). Results highlight a need for further research on the causes of the increased propensity to hold homophobic views and the power of virtually based movements to take hold in offline spaces.
Effectiveness of school-based programs for type 2 diabetes mellitus prevention for school children and adolescents: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Neelapaichit Nareemarn , Phonyiam Ratchanok , Witwaranukool Porawan
Published: February 2025

Objective:

The objective of this review will be to synthesize the effectiveness of school-based programs for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevention for school children and adolescents.

Introduction:

Schools function as a fundamental platform for communicating health-related knowledge, such as information on preventing chronic diseases such as diabetes. However, the effectiveness of school-based programs for preventing T2DM in children and adolescents remains unclear.

Inclusion criteria:

This review will consider both experimental and quasi-experimental study designs, including randomized controlled trials, cluster randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials, before and after studies, and interrupted time-series studies. School children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years (in Grades 1 to 12) of any ethnicity will be considered. This review will consider studies on T2DM prevention and education programs in school settings. Comparators will include no treatment, standard care, or waitlist controls, with outcomes covering diabetes risk factors, knowledge, health literacy, insulin sensitivity, fasting blood glucose, and glycated hemoglobin. These parameters will be assessed using validated instruments.

Methods:

This review will follow the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of effectiveness. The databases to be searched will include MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, and Scopus. Two independent reviewers will select studies, critically appraise them using the standard JBI critical appraisal instruments, and extract data. Studies will be pooled in a meta-analysis or presented narratively. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach will be used to grade the certainty of the evidence.

Systematic review registration number:

PROSPERO CRD42024499998.
Evolución de la práctica de actividad física durante la transición de la educación primaria a secundaria obligatoria
Authors: Franco Arévalo David , De la Cruz Sánchez Ernesto , Feu Sebastián
Published: February 2025

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo conocer los cambios en el nivel de actividad física durante la transición en la etapa escolar que va de 6º de Educación Primaria a 1º de Educación Secundaria. Se ha realizado un estudio longitudinal descriptivo utilizando un cuestionario como instrumento de recogida de datos. La muestra total estaba formada por 542 alumnos, 50.2% eran chicos y 49.8% chicas con edades comprendidas entre 11-13 años, que fueron entrevistados en dos ocasiones: durante el sexto curso de educación primaria y posteriormente en primero de educación secundaria. Se utilizó el cuestionario de actividad física para niños Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C), validado y traducido al castellano por Martínez-Gómez, et al. (2009). Los chicos son más activos que las chicas en ambas etapas, produciéndose un mayor aumento del número de chicas inactivas durante la transición de la Educación Primara a la Educación Secundaria.
Producción académica en psicometría en Iberoamérica: Un estudio bibliométrico
Authors: Herrera Rojas Aura Nidia , Rivera Victor Alexander
Published: February 2025

La bibliometría es una herramienta de investigación útil para caracterizar la producción científica en áreas y periodos de tiempo específicos. Este tipo de estudios se han venido usando en psicología desde hace varios años, aunque hasta el momento no hay ninguno que trate de caracterizar la producción académica en psicometría. Este estudio tiene como objetivo explorar la producción científica en psicometría, contenida en las 36 principales revistas generales de psicología en Iberoamérica (9 países) en un periodo de doce años (2009 a 2020). Se realizó una revisión de 12438 artículos, de los que 1992 resultaron categorizados como psicométricos. Los resultados fueron organizados por variables relacionadas con revistas, con autores y también se hallaron algunos indicadores de colaboración. Se logró establecer un panorama general de la psicometría en la región y proponer nuevas posibilidades respecto al uso de la información bibliométrica como herramienta para fortalecer el avance de la psicometría iberoamericana.
Magnetohydrodynamics in liquid metal interfacial flows
Authors: Ni Ming-Jiu , Yang Juan-cheng , Zhang Dr. Jie
Published: February 2025

Liquid metal interfacial flows occur in the fields of nuclear fusion and electromagnetic metallurgy. Due to the electrically conductive characteristics of the liquid metal, the presence of magnetic fields in these application scenarios has significant impacts on the interfacial flow behaviors. Then typical interfacial flows under the influence of magnetic fields, such as the free surface liquid metal flow, the liquid metal droplet impacting problems, and the bubble motion in liquid metal, are discussed in the present review. We comprehensively illustrate the flow characteristics of free surface liquid metal flow, the spreading of liquid metal droplets impacting onto solid or liquid surfaces, outcomes of collisions between metal droplets, and bubble dynamics in liquid metal, under the influence of magnetic fields along different directions. Meanwhile, we briefly review the current concepts of liquid metal free surface flow for the plasma facing comonents (PFCs) in fusion reactors and finally make a summary for the open questions related to the fundamental research and industrial applications of interfacial flow magnetohydrodynamics in the future.
Kinesiophobia in Collegiate Athletes and Nonathletes With and Without Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Perez Nadia M. , Griffin L. Kent , Osborne Randall E. , Koldenhoven Rachel M.
Published: February 2025

Context: Kinesiophobia is a substantial psychological factor that may impact sport performance and activities of daily living for individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI). The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of kinesiophobia between collegiate athletes and nonathletes with and without CAI using quantitative and qualitative analyses. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Methods: A Qualtrics survey was distributed to college students. Ankle health status was evaluated using the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure Sport subscale, Identification of Functional Ankle Instability, and history questions. Kinesiophobia was assessed using the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia-11. A 4 × 2 analysis of variance was used to assess differences in athlete status (NCAA Division 1, intramural, club, and nonathlete) and ankle health status (CAI and healthy). An open-ended question was added to understand how kinesiophobia impacts individuals CAI. Data were analyzed via content analysis. Results: Of the 531 respondents who completed the survey, 140 (116 = CAI and 24 = healthy) met the inclusion criteria for the study. There was a significant main effect for ankle health status for the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure Sport (CAI = 62.68 [15.11]%, healthy = 99.57 [0.01]%), Identification of Functional Ankle Instability (CAI = 21.63 [5.34], healthy = 2.42 [2.93]), and Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia-11 (CAI = 26.04 [6.22], healthy = 16.75 [5.50]). There were no significant main effects for athlete status or interactions for any variables. Perceptual and behavioral responses were to major categories identified with the qualitative analysis. Fear, pain, and instability were higher order themes within perceptual responses. Activity avoidance and bracing were higher order themes within behavioral responses. Conclusion: This study highlights the significant role of kinesiophobia in individuals with CAI, with those affected reporting higher levels of fear, pain, and instability compared with healthy individuals. Behavioral adaptations such as activity avoidance and bracing were common among qualitative responses. While no differences were observed across athlete statuses, these findings underscore the need for tailored interventions addressing both physical and psychological factors to improve outcomes for individuals with CAI.
A modular cell-free protein biosensor platform using split T7 RNA polymerase
Authors: McSweeney Megan A. , Patterson Alexandra T. , Loeffler Kathryn , Cuellar Lelo de Larrea Regina , McNerney Monica P. , Kane Ravi S. , Styczynski Mark P.
Published: February 2025

Conventional laboratory protein detection techniques are not suitable for point-of-care (POC) use because they require expensive equipment and laborious protocols, and existing POC assays suffer from long development timescales. Here, we describe a modular cell-free biosensing platform for generalizable protein detection that we call TLISA (T7 RNA polymerase–linked immunosensing assay), designed for extreme flexibility and equipment-free use. TLISA uses a split T7 RNA polymerase fused to affinity domains against a protein. The target antigen drives polymerase reassembly, inducing reporter expression. We characterize the platform and then demonstrate its modularity by using 16 affinity domains against four different antigens with minimal protocol optimization. We show that TLISA is suitable for POC use by sensing human biomarkers in serum and saliva with a colorimetric readout within 1 hour and by demonstrating functionality after lyophilization. Altogether, this technology has the potential to enable truly rapid, reconfigurable, modular, and equipment-free detection of diverse classes of proteins.
NAT10-mediated mRNA
N
4
-acetylation is essential for the translational regulation during oocyte meiotic maturation in mice
Authors: Chen Lu , Wang Wen-Jing , Liu Shao-Yuan , Su Rui-Bao , Wu Yu-Ke , Wu Xuan , Zhang Song-Ying , Qiao Jie , Sha Qian-Qian , Fan Heng-Yu
Published: February 2025

The precise translational regulation of maternal messenger RNAs (mRNAs) drives mammalian oocyte maturation. However, the function and mechanism of posttranscriptional chemical modifications, especially the newly identified
N
4
-acetylcytidine (ac
4
C) modification catalyzed by
N
-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10), are unknown. In this study, we developed a low-input ac
4
C sequencing technology, ac
4
C LACE-seq, and mapped 8241 ac
4
C peaks at the whole-transcriptome level using 50 mouse oocytes at the germinal vesicle stage. Oocyte-specific
Nat10
knockout wiped out ac
4
C signals in oocytes and caused severe defects in meiotic maturation and female infertility. Mechanically,
Nat10
deletion led to a failure of ac
4
C deposition on mRNAs encoding key maternal factors, which regulate transcriptome stability and maternal-to-zygotic transition.
Nat10
-deleted oocytes showed decreased mRNA translation efficiency due to the direct inhibition of ac
4
C sites on specific transcripts during meiotic maturation. In summary, we developed a low-input, high-sensitivity mRNA ac
4
C profiling approach and highlighted the important physiological function of ac
4
C in the precise regulation of oocyte meiotic maturation by enhancing translation efficiency.
Atlantification advances into the Amerasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Polyakov Igor V. , Pnyushkov Andrey V. , Charette Matthew , Cho Kyoung-Ho , Jung Jinyoung , Kipp Lauren , Muilwijk Morven , Whitmore Laura , Yang Eun Jin , Yoo Jaeill
Published: February 2025

Atlantification—the northward inflow of anomalous waters and biota from the Atlantic into the polar basins—has wide-ranging climatological ramifications. We present previously unknown observational evidence that the atlantification processes are strengthening in the eastern Eurasian Basin. The primary example is the diminishing sea ice, which is related to a powerful ocean-heat/ice-albedo feedback, which accelerates sea-ice losses. Furthermore, we observe that atlantification is extending far beyond the Lomonosov Ridge into the Makarov Basin of the Arctic Ocean where upper ocean ventilation creates a new and unique ecological environment. The eastern part of the Siberian Arctic Ocean is still strongly stratified, but the atlantification-driven shoaling of warm, salty, and nutrient-rich intermediate waters already has important ecological consequences there. Disentangling the role of atlantification in multiple and complex high-latitude changes should be a priority in future modeling and observational efforts.
Non-Hermitian singularities in scattering spectra of Mie resonators
Authors: Zhang Fan , Solodovchenko Nikolay S. , Fan Hangkai , Limonov Mikhail F. , Song Mingzhao , Kivshar Yuri S. , Bogdanov Andrey A.
Published: February 2025

Non-Hermitian systems are known to have unique singularities, notably exceptional points. Mie resonators demonstrate fruitful electromagnetic multipole interference effects in scattering behavior. The research of these non-Hermitian singularities is typically conducted independently with the analysis of scattering interference. Here, we demonstrate fundamental relationships between non-Hermitian singularities and observe their manifestation in the scattering spectra. We reveal that exceptional points always exist in the anapole regime, and diabolic points are associated with superscattering. We confirm our theoretical findings in the microwave experiment by measuring the extinction spectra of subwavelength Mie-resonant ceramic rings. Our study underpins the generic behavior of non-Hermitian singularities in the scattering spectra of subwavelength Mie resonators, uncovering their special applications in non-Hermitian nonlinear optics and topological photonics.
Nervous system–wide analysis of all
C. elegans
cadherins reveals neuron-specific functions across multiple anatomical scales
Authors: Majeed Maryam , Liao Chien-Po , Hobert Oliver
Published: February 2025

Differential expression of cell adhesion proteins is a hallmark of cell-type diversity across the animal kingdom. Gene family-wide characterization of their organismal expression and function is, however, lacking. Using genome-engineered reporter alleles, we established an atlas of expression of the entire set of 12 cadherin gene family members in the nematode
Caenorhabditis elegans
, revealing differential expression across neuronal classes, a dichotomy between broadly and narrowly expressed cadherins, and several context-dependent temporal transitions in expression across development. Engineered mutant null alleles of cadherins were analyzed for defects in morphology, behavior, neuronal soma positions, neurite neighborhood topology and fasciculation, and localization of synapses in many parts of the nervous system. This analysis revealed a restricted pattern of neuronal differentiation defects at discrete subsets of anatomical scales, including a novel role of cadherins in experience-dependent electrical synapse formation. In total, our analysis results in previously little explored perspectives on cadherin deployment and function.
Supplemental Material: Strong asperities nucleate earthquakes on laboratory faults
Authors: Barbery Monica R. , al. et
Published: February 2025

Additional data, results, and sample and apparatus details.
Are post-exercise plasma glucose elevations involved in exercise-induced appetite suppression?
Authors: Bornath Derek P.D. , McCarthy Seth F. , Tucker Jessica A.L. , Cohen Tamara R , Medeiros Philip J. , Hazell Tom J
Published: February 2025

Changes in glucose and insulin are potentially involved in the appetite-regulatory effects of exercise considering their role post-prandially. Purpose: To examine if glucose and insulin play a role in post-exercise appetite regulation. Methods: 12 participants (M=8; 26±5 y) completed 3 experimental sessions in a systematically rotated randomized crossover design: 1) no-exercise control (CTRL); 2) moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT; 30-min, 70% maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O2max)); and 3) sprint interval training (SIT; 4 x 30-s “all-out” sprints, interspersed with 4-min rest). Plasma glucose, insulin, acylated ghrelin, active peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY), active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and overall appetite perceptions were measured pre-exercise, 0-, 30-, 60-, and 120-min post-exercise. Energy intake was recorded the day before, of, and after experimental sessions. Results: Glucose was elevated 0-min post-exercise (p<0.097, d>0.52) compared to CTRL with no differences between exercise bouts. Acylated ghrelin was suppressed by MICT (60-, 120-min) and SIT (0-, 30-, 60-, 120-min; p<0.080, d> 0.56) compared to CTRL, while also suppressed in SIT compared to MICT at 30-, 60-, 120-min (p<0.026, d>0.74). GLP-1 was elevated following MICT (0-, 30-, 60-min) and SIT (60-min; p<0.094, d>0.53) compared to CTRL and following MICT compared to SIT (0-min; p=0.005, d=1.03). Overall appetite was suppressed by SIT post-exercise (p<0.058, d>0.61) compared to CTRL and MICT, and by MICT 0-min post-exercise compared to CTRL (p=0.036, d=0.71). There were no exercise effects on insulin, PYY, or free-living energy intake (p>0.217, ηp2<0.130). Conclusion: Glucose and insulin do not appear to play a role in exercise-induced appetite suppression.
Carnosine-enriched functional food enhances micro- and macrovascular endothelium-independent vasodilation in competitive athletes – a randomized study
Authors: Perić Leon , Drenjancevic Ines , Jukić Ivana , Boris Alina , Šušnjara Petar , Kolobarić Nikolina , Mihaljević Zrinka , Kralik Zlata , Kralik Gordana , Košević Manuela , Galović Olivera , Stupin Ana
Published: February 2025

This randomized interventional study aimed to investigate the effect of carnosine-enriched chicken meat consumption on systemic endothelium-dependent and -independent micro- and macrovascular reactivity in thirty-five healthy competitive male athletes. Both forearm skin micro- and macrovascular endothelium-independent vasodilation were increased, and diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure (BP) were decreased in Carnosine group (n=19) following the 3-week dietary protocol. Microvascular endothelium-dependent response (PORH) was increased in the Carnosine group and significantly associated with decreased mean arterial BP level. Following dietary protocol, Controls (n =16) had substantially higher urate (but still normal) levels than the Carnosine group. Carnosine supplementation in the form of functional food enhances endothelium-dependent and vascular smooth muscle-dependent vasodilation in peripheral micro- and microcirculation. Carnosine's effect on vascular endothelium could be attributed to its blood pressure-lowering effect. Results suggest that carnosine has the potential to resist hyperuricemia in healthy individuals. (NCT05723939)
The MacKenzie Mountains, Northwest Territories, Earthquake Sequence of 1953 to 1957
Authors: Cassidy John F. , Bent Allison
Published: February 2025

The northern Canadian Cordillera is a region of intense, poorly understood seismicity. Between 1953 and 1957, five moderate to large earthquakes (M=5.8-6.4) struck the remote northern MacKenzie Mountains. We utilize historical seismograms, felt reports and other information to define the epicentres, focal depths, magnitudes, and focal mechanisms of this previously unstudied earthquake sequence. The 1953 and 1955 earthquakes were felt (up to intensity V) to distances of 230-280 km. Magnitudes (Mw) were determined at 6.3 and 6.4, respectively. Epicentres were relocated using path corrections obtained from well-recorded modern earthquakes (M=4.5-5) in this region. The relocated epicentres are distributed in an ESE-WNW direction over ~45 km. The 1955 mainshock and largest aftershock are separated by ~20 km, with the aftershock located NNE of the mainshock. The 1957 (M=5.8) earthquake is located a similar distance and direction from the 1956 (M=6.1) earthquake, suggesting that it may be an aftershock of that event. Focal mechanisms and depths were determined using body wave modelling. Depths ranged from 9-15 km, and focal mechanisms show thrust faulting along either a NNE-plane or a SSW-dipping plane. The orientation of the ESE-WNW striking nodal plane is consistent with the distribution of epicentres and the regional geology. The NNE-SSW striking, shallow-dipping P-axes are consistent with the regional stress field. This study reveals numerous similarities with the 1985-1988 Nahanni earthquake sequence, including shallow, thrust faulting, earthquakes over several years, and likely caused by stresses transmitted from the plate boundary (700+ km to the west), activating favourably oriented thrust faults.
Causality Assessment of Adverse Events by Healthcare Professionals in an Academic Hospital Setting: A Descriptive Retrospective Study
Authors: Corbin Sonia , Lavallée Maude , Pradhan Pallavi , Thibault Magalie , Méthot Julie , Guefack Djiokeng Laura Blonde , Berard Anick , Piché Marie-Eve , Escobar Gimenes Fernanda Raphael , Darveau Rosalie , Cloutier Isabelle , Leclerc Jacinthe
Published: February 2025

Background. Assessing the causality of a drug product-related adverse event (AE) is a very important aspect of pharmacovigilance. However, it is unclear whether AEs are investigated for causality in a hospital setting. Objectives. The aims of this study were to: 1) evaluate the proportion of AEs for which causality is sought and, 2) list the causality assessment (CA) tools used by healthcare professionals. Methods. This retrospective study includes 500 randomized patients (125 patients/year) admitted to a tertiary care academic hospital between 2018-2021. Electronic medical records were reviewed and relevant variables were extracted: 1) demographic, 2) hospitalization, 3) drug product, 4) AE and, 5) CA. A descriptive analysis was carried out (median, minimum-maximum, proportion) to characterize our sample. Results. The characteristic of our sample was as follows: median age 69 years old (range: 21-96 yrs), 43.6% female, median comorbidities/patient 4 (0-12), and median hospital stay of 3 days (1-19). We identified a total of 9,568 drug products and 2,541 AEs, among these, 302 (8.4%) were SAEs. No CA (n=0) or CA tools (n=0) were found in our sample. Conclusion. In this study, we report that no AEs, whether serious or non-serious, were subject to documented CA.
Low-cost ODMR experiments with nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamonds: a didactical approach to theory and experiment
Authors: Haverkamp Nils , Pusch Alexander , Gregor Markus , Heusler Stefan
Published: February 2025

In recent years, nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond have attracted much interest as tools for magnetic field sensing and imaging. Parallel to this progress in science, also in science education, huge advancements are seen, which might even be called an educational quantum revolution, which just has started to emerge.

In this article, we present an experimental setup for optically detectable magnetic resonance (ODMR) in micro-diamonds with nitrogen-vacancy centers (NV centers) which extends the recent work presented in Stegemann et al. (Eur J Phys. 44(3):035402, 2023) in view of better accessibility both from a technical perspective and from an didactical perspective. We improved the mechanical setup, and in particular the output of the measured values, which is now carried out by a microcontroller and is directly accessible to digital devices instead of the need of an oscilloscope. In this way, we increase the accessibility of the experimental setup for learners. Concerning modeling of the theoretical foundations, we discuss the importance of symmetries of the wave function for understanding quantum physics and introduce visualizations for the spin and orbit part of the wave function. Furthermore, we present first empirical data (

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), indicating possible paths for successful dissemination of the experiments to educators.
The Reach of Fairness
Authors: Cohen Joshua , Liu Lydia Tingruo
Published: February 2025

In conversation with Barocas, Hardt, and Narayanan’s Fairness and Machine Learning (FaML), we seek to broaden the scope of normative argument about machine learning and algorithmic decision making. Beginning from an understanding of fair cooperation among free and equal persons as a fundamental political value, we argue that concerns about fairness and machine learning need to be expanded in three ways. First, unfairness and discrimination are not only a matter of systematic group subordination. We consider other forms of unfairness that are not about disadvantaged groups but about removing barriers to opportunity, and suggest practical implications for algorithmic decisions. Secondly, while we broadly agree with FaML’s approach to fair organizational decisions, we underscore the limits of a focus on fair organizational decisions in advancing equality of opportunity in society. Finally, drawing on Rawls, we present aspects of a fair society that are not simply matters of equal opportunity, and consider some broader, under-explored ramifications of algorithms and AI on societal fairness. Specifically, we suggest the implications that AI deployment at scale has for fair distribution of income and wealth, political liberties, and public deliberation.