bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding Pakistani Elementary School Teachers' Attitudes toward Inclusive Education: Development of the Teacher Inclusion Attitude Questionnaire
Authors: Dr. Faisal Anis  , Dr. Yasira Waqar  , Dr. Yaar Muhammad
Published: February 2025

The objective of the study was to develop an instrument, the Teacher Inclusion Attitude Questionnaire (TIAQ), for measuring Pakistani elementary school teachers' attitudes towards inclusive education. There remains a dearth of contextually validated instruments to measure teacher preparedness in spite of Pakistan's policy commitment towards inclusive education. TIAQ was developed by using extensive literature review and expert consultation in conjunction with aspects of culturally and contextually associated with the Pakistani education system. The researcher completed a questionnaire that was administered to 300 elementary school teachers drawn from public and private schools in Pakistan. The study investigated the underlying factor structure of teachers' attitudes and preparedness for inclusion through principal axis factoring with varimax rotation. The analysis revealed a four-factor solution explaining 72.9% of the total Variance: Professional Knowledge and Preparedness accounted for 18.45%, Attitudes and Beliefs for 18.29%, Resource Availability and Support for 18.21%, and Collaboration and Professional Development for 17.95%. The sampling adequacy and suitability of the data for factor analysis were also confirmed by the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure (.891) and Bartlett's test of sphericity (χ² = 4680.261, p < .001). High commonalities (ranging from .638 to .796) were shown for all items, with strong factor loadings (ranging from .778 to .880) on their respective dimensions. The psychometric properties of the TIAQ were found to be robust, and it was found to be a valid and reliable instrument for assessing teachers' readiness for inclusion in the Pakistani context. The findings of these studies will help education stakeholders to have a validated tool to assess and enhance teacher preparedness to implement inclusive education practices in Pakistani elementary schools.
The role of voice-related quality of life (V-RQOL) questionnaire in assessing quality of life in patients with vocal fold paralysis
Authors: Gnjatić Mirjana , Vranješ Dalibor , Tadić Daliborka , Novaković Zorica
Published: February 2025

Introduction. Vocal fold paralysis (VFP) is characterized by the immobility of one or both vocal folds, leading to impaired phonation, which significantly affects the patient’s professional and social activities. The aim of this study was to examine the importance of the Voice-related Quality of Life (V-RQOL) questionnaire in assessing the quality of life (QL) of patients with VFP.
Methods. A retrospective study included 110 patients of both sexes, aged 18 to 70 years, diagnosed with VFP, treated between 2021 and 2023. The group with speech therapy (ST) included 80 patients, and the group without ST included 30 patients. The ear, nose and throat (ENT) and phoniatric examinations, as well as additional diagnostic tests, were performed. Patients were surveyed using the V-RQOL questionnaire to assess their quality of life. 
Results. The highest frequency of VFP was observed in 39 (35.45%) patients with complications following thyroid surgery. 
Patients in the ST group showed a statistically significant (p < 0.001) higher frequency of good (48.75%) and excellent (10%) QL compared to those in the non-ST group. The sensitivity of the total score of the V-RQOL questionnaire was 88.2%, correctly identifying ST patients.
Conclusion. The V-RQOL questionnaire is a reliable and valid measure for assessing the quality of life in patients with VFP.
La incidencia de la agronomía en los sistemas y subsistemas pecuarios
Authors: Curay Quispe Segundo Euclides , Telenchana Adame Cecilia Esperanza , León Gordón Olguer Alfredo , Santana Mayorga Rita Cumandá
Published: February 2025

Se conoce a los sistemas pecuarios o de producción pecuaria a los que apropiadamente mantiene el bienestar de todas las comunidades, dado que esta es la singular actividad proporcionada sincrónicamente para el apoyo y la estabilidad para los ecosistemas y así fomentar el cuidado de vida salvaje al igual que velar por las cualidades tanto tradicionales como culturales. Al igual que los sistemas pecuarios los subsistemas pecuarios proporcionan a las familias artículos caprinos como leche, queso, carne y abono para generar ingresos por medio de ventas y al mismo tiempo para satisfacer el consumo de nosotros los humanos. El subsistema pecuario conduce al también al conocido subsistema agrícola puesto para la cultivación de alimento para los caprinos los cuales ayudan de igual manera con el abono al crecimiento de los forrajes. Los sistemas pecuarios es un planteamiento de nuevos recursos para mejorar y validar nuevas formas de nutrición animal que puedan acceder a bajar la tarifa de los costos de alimentación al igual que perfeccionar la actividad de la misma, el perjuicio ambiental dado por la productividad animal teniendo como finalidad aumentar y generar empleos de calidad con elementos pecuarios y la naturaleza para que tengamos un país más productivo y solidario.
PCSK9 inhibitors attenuates arterial stiffness in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Wang Liang , Wang Ruijie , Jiao Tiantian , Xu Linghao , Ji Endong , Jiang Yuanzhen , Wang Yuanqi , Liu Yehong , Li Jiming
Published: February 2025

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors on arterial stiffness in patients with acute coronary syndrome and atherosclerosis, an area that has not been extensively explored.
Methods: Patients were randomly divided into two groups: one group received statin therapy combined with PCSK9 inhibitors (Evolocumab or Alirocumab), while the other group received statins alone. Indicators of lipid metabolism and arterial stiffness were measured at baseline, 1 month, and 6 months after treatment initiation.
Results: After 1 month, the group treated with statins and PCSK9 inhibitors showed significantly greater reductions in LVEF, NTP, TC, TG, LDL, and Lp(a) levels compared to the statin-only group. By the 6-month follow-up, pulse wave velocity showed marked improvement (p < 0.05), and ankle-brachial index was also significantly reduced in the combination treatment group (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between Evolocumab and Alirocumab (p > 0.05).
Conclusions: The findings suggest that PCSK9 inhibitors not only improve lipid metabolism but also reduce arterial stiffness, supporting their use in treating vascular disorders in patients with acute coronary syndrome and atherosclerosis.
Predictors of occurrence of shockable rhythm and return of spontaneous circulation in patients with witnessed cardiac arrest
Authors: Ristić Jovana , Medić Sara , Lazić Aleksandra , Ranđelović Suzana , Bosančić-Šušković Rajka , Bandulaja Marina , Vasilić Milica
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a global health challenge with an average survival rate of 8%. Outcomes depend on factors such as arrest location, time to return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), patient demographics, and initial rhythm type. Material and methods: EuReCa_Serbia is part of the EuReCa ONE study on OHCA survival in Europe. It included OHCAs managed by EMS, including pediatric and non-cardiogenic cases. Data were collected per the EuReCa ONE protocol from October 1, 2014, to December 31, 2021. Results: We examined predictors of shockable initial rhythms, ROSC, and hospital admission using univariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analysis. OHCAs in areas with over 100,000 inhabitants and at patient residences were significantly less likely to have shockable rhythms (57.4% and 65.4% less likely), while younger age and cardiogenic cause increased the likelihood (1.7 and 8.5 times more likely). Shockable rhythms strongly predicted any ROSC, increasing the likelihood by 3.9 times, and ROSC at hospital admission by 3.3 times. Urban and residential locations reduced the chances of ROSC by 55.8% and 51.1%, respectively. EMS dispatcher assistance improved the likelihood of ROSC at admission by 1.7 times, while a delay of 10 or more minutes from EMS call to defibrillation reduced the likelihood by 86.1%.
Talc pleurodesis in managing breast cancer-caused malignant pleural effusions
Authors: Stevanović Stefan , Milojković Miloš , Petrović Jelena , Đorđević Nikola
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumor and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in Serbia. Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common manifestation of metastatic BC. Among solid tumors, BC accounts for the second-highest prevalence of MPE, occurring in 25% of cases. Current guidelines identify talc pleurodesis (TP) as one of the most effective treatments for MPE in most patients. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of TP in managing breast cancer-caused MPE. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study included 21 patients with metastatic BC and MPE who were hospitalized at the Clinic for Thoracic Surgery, University Clinical Center Niš, during 2023. The success of TP was assessed using predefined clinical and radiographic criteria. Results: TP was successful in 15 patients (71.4%). Luminal B BC was the most common subtype (42.9%). In the majority of cases, MPE was serous (71.4%) and ipsilateral (61.9%) to the primary breast tumor. Pleural cytology was positive in 28.6% of cases. Conclusion: TP is an effective treatment for breast cancer-caused MPE. MPE is predominantly associated with Luminal B BC, and patients typically present with ipsilateral, serous MPE.
Effects of scrap rubber waste on the mechanical performance of mortar made of crushed sand and sediment
Authors: Hadj Mostefa , Balegh Benamar , Sellaf Hamid , Dahamni Mohamed
Published: February 2025

Introduction/purpose: The consumption of natural sand in Algeria is high due to its extensive use in mortar, while sediments and rubber waste pose significant environmental and societal challenges. This study investigates the effects of incorporating rubber waste content in mortars mixed with crushed sand and sediment. The primary goal is to valorize crushed sand particles through physical and mechanical tests, evaluating their potential as an alternative to natural sand in mortar mixtures. Methods: Experimental work was carried out to study the impact of partially and fully replacing sediments with crushed sand particles in mortar mixes. Mortar mixtures were prepared using different sediment-to-crushed sand ratios (10%, 25%, 35%, 50%, and 100%) to observe their influence on physical and mechanical properties. Additionally, the effects of adding 2%, 4%, and 6% granulated rubber to the optimal mortar were analyzed. Various tests, including those tsting compressive strength, flexural strength, and ultrasonic pulse velocity, were performed to evaluate the performance of the mixtures. Results: The results indicated that replacing sediment with crushed sand improved the strength properties of mortar, particularly due to better particle packing. The mortar containing 65 wt% sediments and 35 wt% crushed sand showed properties similar to the reference mortar. The addition of rubber waste increased compressibility but enhanced mechanical properties when used in moderation. Ultrasonic pulse velocity decreased with higher crushed sand content, and the porosity of the mixtures was reduced. Conclusions: Crushed sand and sediment particles are effective fillers for mortar, ensuring good performance and improved strength. The efficiency of these materials depends on their morphology and genesis. The study demonstrates that crushed sand can be a viable alternative to natural sand, and rubber waste can be used as a reinforcing material in mortar, though its proportions should be carefully controlled to avoid negative effects on mechanical properties.
PELATIHAN PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN KONSELOR PUSDIK BINMAS POLRI
Authors: Sugiyadi Sugiyadi , Astiwi Kurniati  , Nofi Nur Yuhenita
Published: February 2025

Pelatihan peningkatan kompetensi konselor Pusdik Binmas Polri bertujuan untuk memperkuat pemahaman dan keterampilan konselor dalam pengasuhan serta pembinaan siswa di asrama Pusdik Binmas Polri. Program ini menitikberatkan pada peran bimbingan dan konseling (BK) dalam pengembangan potensi siswa, peningkatan kesehatan mental, serta penyelesaian permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam lingkungan pendidikan kepolisian. Metode pelatihan dilakukan selama tiga hari, yakni pada 12-14 Juni 2023, bertempat di Aula Pusdik Binmas Lemdiklat Polri Banyubiru, Kabupaten Semarang, Jawa Tengah. Pelaksanaan kegiatan diawali dengan sosialisasi kepada peserta melalui pertemuan resmi, apel, serta surat pemberitahuan dari Kapusdiklat Binmas Polri kepada pihak akademik yang terlibat. Pelatihan diikuti oleh 15 konselor dan mencakup sesi pemberian materi, diskusi, serta tanya jawab terkait tugas dan tanggung jawab konselor dalam menangani permasalahan siswa. Hasil pelatihan menunjukkan bahwa peserta mengalami peningkatan pemahaman terkait peranan BK dalam sistem pendidikan Pusdik Binmas Polri, kesehatan mental siswa, psikologi dalam pembelajaran, serta tugas konselor dalam menangani masalah siswa. Diskusi yang dilakukan mengidentifikasi berbagai tantangan dalam pengasuhan siswa serta strategi penyelesaiannya berdasarkan prinsip BK, seperti asesmen kebutuhan, diagnosa, perencanaan tindakan, pelaksanaan intervensi, serta evaluasi dan tindak lanjut. Simpulan, pelatihan ini terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan kompetensi konselor dalam menjalankan perannya sebagai pengasuh dan pembimbing siswa. Implikasi dari kegiatan ini mencakup peningkatan kualitas pengasuhan, kesehatan mental siswa, serta pengembangan sikap positif dalam belajar. Namun, pelatihan ini masih terbatas pada peningkatan kapasitas konselor tanpa melibatkan siswa secara langsung.
Kata Kunci: Kompetensi Konselor, Bimbingan Konseling, Kesehatan Mental, Pendidikan Kepolisian, Pengasuhan Siswa
SOSIALISASI PAJAK BUMI DAN BANGUNAN KEPADA KARANG TARUNA DI DESA KARANGLO, SEDAYU, BANTUL
Authors: Manurung Siska , Rochmad Bayu Utomo
Published: February 2025

The Land and Building Tax (PBB) socialization activity was carried out to increase the understanding of Karang Taruna members in Karanglo Village, Sedayu, Bantul about the importance of this tax for regional development. With methods that include observation, material preparation, interactive socialization, and evaluation, this activity lasts for one month. The observation results showed that the participants' initial understanding of the PBB was still low. After the implementation of socialization, there was a significant increase in participants' understanding, with the average evaluation score increasing from 45% to 85%. The systematic preparation of materials and a participatory approach to socialization contributed to this success. This activity not only raises awareness about tax obligations but also encourages the active participation of the younger generation in village development. Thus, this program has succeeded in achieving its goal of being an effective tax education effort. The results and discussions regarding the socialization of Land and Building Tax to members of the Youth Organization in Karanglo Village showed a significant increase in participants' understanding of Land and Building Tax.
PERBEDAAN TINGKAT KEMAMPUAN MENULIS PUISI BERDASARKAN GENDER SISWA KELAS X SMA NEGERI 1 SOPPENG
Authors: Saputra Anas , Saleh Muhammad
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mendeskripsikan tingkat kemampuan menulis puisi pada siswa laki-laki kelas X SMAN 1 Soppeng, (2) mendeskripsikan tingkat kemampuan menulis puisi pada siswa perempuan kelas X SMAN 1 Soppeng, (3) mendeskripsikan perbedaan tingkat kemampuan menulis puisi pada siswa laki-laki dan perempuan kelas X SMAN 1 Soppeng. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Nilai rata-rata tingkat kemampuan menulis puisi siswa laki-laki 62,86 dengan kategori cukup mampu. Nilai rata-rata siswa perempuan 70,22 dengan kategori cukup mampu. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik diperoleh nilai signifikansi 0,019 < 0,05. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan signifikan tingkat kemampuan menulis puisi pada siswa laki-laki dan perempuan kelas X SMAN 1 Soppeng.
TIPOLOGI BUNUH DIRI DALAM NOVEL SAN FRANCISCO: KAJIAN SOSIOLOGI SASTRA
Authors: Lathifah Nurul , Rachmawati Kurnia , Susanto Arju
Published: February 2025

Typology Suicide in the San Francisco Novel: A Study of Literary Sociology. of This study aims to describe and analyze the typology of suicide based on the theory of sociologist Emile Durkheim in the novel San Francisco by Ziggy Zezsyazeoviennazabrizkie. The method used in this research is the descriptive qualitative method. The author carried out the study in two stages, namely data collection and data analysis. The stages of data collection were completed in four ways: reading, recording, and processing data via textual dialogs in the novel. Furthermore, the writer will also describe aspects, facts, and the types of Emile Durkheim's suicide, which will be presented in the form of dialogue text data in a structured manner according to the novel by using the study of sociology of literature. Based on the results of the study, it shows that in the novel San Francisco by Ziggy Zezsyazeoviennazabrizkie, there are three types of suicide according to Emile Durkheim, including egoistic suicide, altruistic suicide, and anomic suicide.
KEPRIBADIAN TOKOH UTAMA DALAM NOVEL AWAN-AWAN DI ATAS KEPALA KITA KARYA MIRANDA MALONKA
Authors: Rahmawati Mutia , Pauji Dicky Rachmat , Rachmawati Kurnia
Published: February 2025

This study aims to describe and analyze the main character's personality structure, namely the id, ego, and superego. This study uses a descriptive-qualitative approach to produce data in the form of words and sentences that can be described structurally according to the theory of literary psychology. The source of the data used is the novel Awan-Awan di Atas Kepala Kita using library techniques, notes, and documents. The results of the research show that the id, ego, and superego are the main characters personality components, Ben and Kay. In the two main characters, aspects of Ben's ego personality appear due to the urge of the id trying to control himself, and aspects of Ben's superego are controlled by conscience. Meanwhile, aspects of Kay's ego personality emerged because of the id drive, which overshadowed realistic principles, and Kay's superego aspects were controlled by the existence of ego drives. The strongest aspect of Ben's personality, is the controlling ego, and in Kay's personality, the id aspect dominates.
EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN MODEL PROJECT BASED LEARNING DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MENULIS TEKS PROSEDUR PADA SISWA KELAS VII C MTS LABORATORIUM UIN STS JAMBI
Authors: Chayani Necia Uci , Harahap Eddy Pahar , Akhyaruddin Akhyaruddin
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study was to describe the effectiveness of using a project-based learning model in writing procedure texts for students in class VII C MTS Laboratorium UIN STS Jambi. The method used in this research is quantitative, with an experimental research type. Data analysis techniques use descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the pretest and posttest results in writing student procedure texts, where the value of less than the significance of the t-test obtained was 0.00 <0.05. This proves that the project-based learning model is effective in learning to write procedure texts.
PERKEMBANGAN BAHASA ANAK MENGGUNAKAN METODE BERCERITA
Authors: Desiani Nur Fitria , Ecca Suleha , Zain Suardi
Published: February 2025

This study aims to analyze children's language development by providing stimulus in the form of storytelling. This research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The focus of this research is children's language development using the storytelling method in Group B students of Aisyiyah 1 Baranti Kindergarten. The data in this study are all vocabulary spoken by children. The data source is group B children at Aisyiyah 1 Baranti Kindergarten, totaling 19 children. The data collection techniques were observation, interview, and documentation. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that children's vocabulary developed with each stimulus given. The stimulus given plays a big role in the development of children's vocabulary. However, the selection of themes in the storytelling method determines the results of the development of children's vocabulary. The data obtained in this study are 5,769 nouns, 2,722 verbs, 1,034 adjectives, 343 adverbs, 971 numeralia, 302 task words, and 330. So the total vocabulary spoken by children is 11,480.
ANALISIS BERPIKIR KRITIS PADA PERTANYAAN DISKUSI MAHASISWA PBSI FKIP UNIVERSITAS JAMBI
Authors: Yogi Deri Efri , Wibowo Imam Suwardi , Priyanto Priyanto
Published: February 2025

This study aims to determine the ability of critical thinking in student discussion questions in the language error analysis course of PBSI FKIP Jambi University. The research method used in this study is a qualitative approach that is content analysis. Research data in the form of writings of questions and answers to student discussions in the course of language error analysis PBSI FKIP Jambi University. The data collection methods used in this study include observation and documentation. In the process, the researcher will record the questions and answers of students in the course of language error analysis of PBSI FKIP Jambi University. Researchers also collected documentation data in the form of records of student discussion questions in the course of language error analysis PBSI FKIP Jambi University.  The data analysis technique used is the data analysis technique according to Miles & Huberman. In the process the data obtained will be reduced presented and conclusions drawn. The data validity test used in this research is triangulation between researchers. The results of this study are that students are able to think critically on student discussion questions in the language error analysis course of PBSI FKIP Jambi University. Critical thinking that occurs includes several categories, namely, perspective clarification, consequences and alternatives, reasons and evidence, and agreement and disagreement.
RUU MINOL DAN KRITIK ELITISME: TELAAH LIRIK LAGU DAN MUSIK VIDEO ORANG MISKIN DILARANG MABOK
Authors: Rochmah Nuzurul , Wijaya Guntur Sekti , Shofiyuddin Haris
Published: February 2025

This research aims to describe the bill on alcoholic beverages and the criticism of elitism in the song lyrics and music video of Orang Miskin Dilarang Mabok. The approach used in this research is a qualitative approach that is interpretative in nature to describe data analysis related to the main points of discussion in the research. The material object in this research is the song lyrics and visuals of Orang Miskin Dilarang Mabok by Libertaria in collaboration with Sirin Farid Stevy, vocalist of rock music group FSTVLST. The research data was analysed using the qualitative data analysis method of Miles and Huberman. The results of the research show that through a qualitative approach that is descriptive-interpretative as a research method, the meaning of the song lyrics and music video of Orang Miskin Dilarang Mabok has a connection with the discourse of criticism of elitism and irregularities in the issuance of the Alcoholic Beverage Prohibition Bill.
Metszet a vád törvényességének vizsgálatáról
Authors: Czédli-Deák Andrea
Published: February 2025

A vád törvényességének vizsgálata a tisztességes eljárás szellemiségében lefolytatott büntetőeljárás egyik biztosítéka, hiszen a törvényes elemekkel rendelkező vád a bizonyítási eljárás kereteinek kijelölése révén hozzájárul a védelemhez való jog hatékony érvényesülésének biztosításához. Arról, hogy a bírák mennyiben bocsátkoznak a vád tartalmi elemeinek vizsgálatába, és élő jogintézmény-e a vádirat hiányosságainak pótlására felhívás, a legpontosabb képet leginkább egy kérdőíves kutatás révén lehetett felvázolni. A kapott eredmények bemutatják, hogy a közvádas, magánvádas és pótmagánvádas ügyekben a bírák milyen gyakorisággal és esetekben tesznek intézkedést e körben, alapot teremtve az eltérő gyakorlat okainak és az ítélkezés lehetséges irányának elemzésére.
„A biztonság árnyéka” - vagy a biztonság illúziója?
Authors: Kun Attila
Published: February 2025

Petrovics Zoltán A biztonság árnyékában - a munkajogviszony munkáltató általi megszüntetésével szembeni védelem alapkérdései és magyarországi története című könyve (amely az ELTE Eötvös Kiadó gondozásában jelent meg 2022-ben) minden kétséget kizáróan az utóbbi évek egyik legigényesebb hazai munkajogi tudományos monográfiája.
Saudi Youth's Use of Social Networking Sites and Its Relationship to the Formation of Their Cultural Identity: A Field Study Applied to University Youth at King Faisal University
Authors: Maashi Maha
Published: February 2025

This study aims to identify the reality of the spread of new media among members of Saudi society and its various means and what dimensions of this study. The study aims to use Saudi youth for social media sites and its relationship to the formation of cultural identity of young people at King Faisal University, as well as monitoring the reality of Saudi university youth's use of social media sites in general, Monitoring the reality of the use of Saudi university youth at King Faisal University (Sample study). This study belongs to the field of analytical descriptive studies that focus on Saudi youth's use of social media sites and its relationship to the formation of their cultural identity. The researcher conducted her study by applying to a sample of young university at King Faisal University which both have distinctive features that increase the richness of research and study, The study relied on applying a questionnaire form to a random sample of Saudi youth at King Faisal University. (350) Single to identify the impact of social media sites on their cultural identity.
One of the most notable findings of the study is that there is no statistically significant correlation between sample members' exposure to social media sites. and their motivation from this exposure, and there are statistically significant differences in the positives that sample people see on social media sites according to their possession of more than one account on the sites And there are also statistically significant differences in the negatives perceived by members of the sample on social media sites according to their possession of more than one account on the sites, There are also statistically significant differences between specimen members of different demographic variables. (Type - level of study and rate of exposure to social media sites, there are no statistically significant differences between the demographic variables of the type - level of study and their tendencies towards the role of social media sites in shaping cultural identity. The study recommends that attention be paid to adolescents' socialization in which acts, ideas and values that would produce an individual who is a verifier of his or her identity are instilled or dispersed and closed to identity are instilled. It also recommends promoting different cultures at the Arab and global levels while maintaining the value line and conducting more studies on new media applications and its impact on young people.
The Impact of Selected Economic Variables on Financial Stability in Iraq: An Applied Study on the Ratio of Non-Performing Loans to Total Credit for the Period (2016-2024)
Authors: Hamza Ali
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to examine the impact of certain economic variables on the ratio of non-performing loans (NPLs) in Iraq. The NPL ratio to total credit is considered a key indicator of financial and banking stability and one of the most prominent global measures of banking asset quality and the strength of the financial system. A high NPL ratio indicates increased financial risks as it reduces bank profitability and liquidity, undermining investor and depositor confidence, which ultimately negatively impacts the country’s macroeconomy. The study utilized quarterly data spanning the period 2016–2024 and applied the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to analyze the short- and long-term relationships between the variables. The findings revealed that an improvement in the parallel exchange rate and economic growth rate reduces the NPL ratio, while an increase in public debt and inflation rate raises it. This underscores the need for decision-makers to adopt more realistic and effective fiscal and monetary policies to enhance banking sector stability and achieve sustainable economic growth.
Análisis de material vegetal asociado a una víctima fatal en un caso de secuestro, desaparición y homicidio. Presentación de un caso forense
Authors: Bonilla Aída Galindo , Linares Édgar L.
Published: February 2025

La botánica aporta información de gran importancia en el ámbito forense para el estudio del lugar de los hechos en los procesos de investigación judicial. En Colombia desde comienzos del siglo XX se realizan solicitudes judiciales para determinar la causa de muerte por ingestión de plantas tóxicas y recientemente, la determinación taxonómica de material vegetal procedente de los cultivos ilícitos, representa los más altos índices de demanda por servicios.
Se presenta la revisión de la fracción no predominante de la casuística que estudia el laboratorio de Botánica Forense en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina legal y Ciencias Forenses, que corresponde al 2,5% de los casos analizados desde el año 2006. Se hace énfasis especial en el material vegetal presente en una prenda asociada al lugar de los hechos dentro del caso pericial relacionado con el secuestro y homicidio de un individuo de sexo masculino, cuyo cuerpo fue abandonado en la zona periférica del centro de la ciudad. Analizar elementos biológicos no evaluados previamente como son las especies vegetales, ofrece a la investigación judicial una de las aplicaciones de la botánica forense más promisorias en el país, invitando a una lectura ampliada del lugar de los hechos y especialmente de las personas involucradas en delitos como secuestro, tortura, desaparición y homicidio.
Adicionalmente, se resalta la importancia del análisis interdisciplinario entre la medicina legal y la botánica forense, donde el diálogo concertado ha permitido lograr información útil a la investigación judicial. También se destaca el fértil trabajo colaborativo entre el Instituto Nacional de Medicina legal y Ciencias Forenses y el Instituto de Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, planteando este modelo de trabajo para el apropiado apoyo a la administración de justicia desde la aplicación forense del análisis del material vegetal como elemento material probatorio.
Consolidation and Strategic Partnerships for Orthopaedic Groups: Trends for 2025 and Practical Recommendations for Success
Authors: Herschman Gary , Jacoby Dana
Published: February 2025

This article commences with an overview of this consolidation activity and recent trends, follows with an explanation of increasing challenges facing many groups that are driving them to consider strategic partnership options, and concludes with our “Top 10” practical recommendations for orthopaedic groups when they are considering potential strategic partnership transactions.
Uso de fuentes literarias por docentes en formación para el acercamiento al ser humano de distintas épocas
Authors: Hoster-Cabo Beatriz , Mena-Bernal Rosales Inmaculada , Jiménez-Jaraba M.ª Valle
Published: February 2025

We analyse the use given by trainee teachers to literature as a source of historical information, what profile of students considers this use and what literary resources and for what purpose they are used in relation to the knowledge of historical characters. A questionnaire validated by a group of experts was used and answered by a sample of 826 students of the Degree in Primary Education from eight Spanish universities. The results show that the use of literature as a source of historical information is low in comparison with other sources, with no distinction between genders and no uniformity of response between the answers obtained in the different universities from which the sample was taken. Likewise, the low use of literary resources as a source is focused on the knowledge of writers. The resources to which they mainly turn are novels and books. Given the value of literature as a source of historical knowledge, it is proposed that it should be included in the syllabuses of future teachers for their knowledge of the Didactics of Social Sciences and historical thought and its subsequent transmission in the classroom.

Se analiza el uso que le dan los docentes en formación a la literatura como fuente de información histórica, qué perfil de estudiantes considera ese uso y qué recursos literarios y con qué fin se usan en relación con el conocimiento de personajes históricos. Se utiliza un cuestionario validado por grupo de expertos que responde una muestra de 826 estudiantes del Grado en Educación Primaria de ocho universidades españolas. Los resultados muestran que el uso de la literatura como fuente de información histórica es bajo respecto a otras fuentes, sin distinción entre géneros ni uniformidad de respuesta entre las obtenidas en las diferentes universidades de procedencia de la muestra. Asimismo, el bajo uso que realizan de los recursos literarios como fuente lo focalizan en el conocimiento de escritores. Los recursos a los que acuden principalmente son la novela y el libro. Dado el valor de la literatura como fuente de conocimiento histórico, se propone la inclusión de esta en los planes de estudio de los futuros docentes para el conocimiento de la Didáctica de la Ciencias Sociales y del pensamiento histórico y su posterior transmisión en las aulas.
Evolución de las Alternativas de Financiamiento Corporativo en Ecuador
Authors: López Zurita Santiago , Ruiz Guajala Mery , Vega Rivera Paula , Garcés Toro Diana
Published: February 2025

El mercado financiero ecuatoriano ha privilegiado históricamente la intermediación indirecta de recursos a través de instituciones financieras. Sin embargo, el mercado bursátil, que propicia la canalización directa de recursos ofrece bonos, un instrumento de financiamiento que se puede considerar alternativo al crédito bancario. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la competitividad de la emisión de obligaciones como opción de financiamiento frente al crédito bancario. Para ello, se utilizó información del Banco Central del Ecuador y la Bolsa de valores de Quito, se empleó el método de aproximaciones sucesivas y se comparó los promedios ponderados de las tasas de interés en dos periodos, de los préstamos bancarios del segmento productivo corporativo, frente a los rendimientos pagados por las empresas que se financiaron en el mercado de valores a través de la emisión de obligaciones. Tras contrastar las hipótesis se determina que en el primer periodo (2002-2007) las obligaciones costaron menos que el crédito bancario; mientras que, en el segundo periodo (2017-2021) las obligaciones costaron más que el crédito bancario. Estos resultados revelaron, para el segmento productivo corporativo, que el financiamiento a través de obligaciones pasó de ser una alternativa menos costosa en el período inicial, a tener mayor costo que el crédito bancario en el segundo período de estudio.
ESTRATÉGIAS DE MARKETING TERRITORIAL: ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA ENTRE LONDRES E DUBAI
Authors: Fidalgo Adriano , Silva André , Céu Lopes Maria
Published: February 2025

O presente artigo explora as estratégias de marketing territorial através de uma análise comparativa entre as cidades de Londres e Dubai, destacando as práticas de branding que as posicionam como líderes globais. A revisão da literatura abrange o conceito e a evolução do marketing territorial, assim como a definição e gestão da marca territorial. Londres, considerada a melhor marca de cidade do mundo, é analisada em termos de familiaridade global, excelência académica, atrações turísticas e culturais, eventos culturais, preservação histórica, marketing digital e iniciativas de sustentabilidade. Em contraste, o Dubai, a melhor marca de cidade no Médio Oriente e a 9ª a nível global, é examinado pelo seu desenvolvimento de infraestruturas icónicas, promoção do turismo de luxo, organização de eventos globais, valorização do património cultural, inovação sustentável e marketing digital. A comparação revela abordagens diversificadas e eficazes para o branding territorial, destacando a importância dos ícones culturais e arquitetónicos, eventos globais, equilíbrio entre tradição e modernidade, e a sustentabilidade como fatores diferenciadores. Conclui-se que, embora as estratégias variem, a integração harmoniosa de múltiplos elementos é crucial para o sucesso no branding territorial.
PERFIL DOS CONSUMIDORES DE FAST FASHION: UM ESTUDO DE CASO DA PARFOIS
Authors: Costa Marisol , Costa Natália , Nogueira Mafalda
Published: February 2025

A globalização, as alterações ambientais, a evolução dos padrões de consumo e a preocupação acrescida com a aparência pessoal redefiniram o comportamento dos consumidores. Em resposta, as empresas têm de implementar estratégias inovadoras para responder eficazmente às exigências do mercado. O marketing desempenha um papel fundamental ao permitir que sectores como o da moda se adaptem rapidamente às novas tendências. O modelo de fast fashion exemplifica este facto, facilitando a rápida criação e lançamento de novos produtos de acordo com as tendências em evolução.Esta investigação explora o fenómeno da fast fashion através de um estudo de caso da Parfois, uma marca portuguesa líder. O estudo baseia-se em 371 respostas válidas de inquéritos aos consumidores. Os resultados evidenciam diferenças sociodemográficas significativas nas perceções dos consumidores sobre a fast fashion. Especificamente, os valores de humildade e rigor não estão relacionados com a idade, enquanto o rendimento é um fator de previsão significativo das compras de produtos nas categorias de joias, vestuário e calçado. Além disso, foi confirmada uma relação entre as características do produto e os valores da marca, rejeitando a hipótese nula em múltiplas variáveis.
The implementation of ozone cleaning on two-step texturization of p-type silicon wafer
Authors: Md Daud Mohd Norizam , Aadenan Amin , Chin Haw Lim , Mohd Nor Najah Syahirah , Ibrahim Mohd Adib , Mat Teridi Mohd Asri
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the ozone treatment process that can be utilized across various fabrication stages to enhance the performance of silicon solar cells. The effectiveness of this treatment on p-type silicon surfaces was examined through the application of ozone dissolved in deionized water (DIO3) and the ultraviolet-ozone (UVO3) cleaning process prior to the two-step texturization procedure. The two-step texturization procedure applied in this work eliminates the use of silicon nitride (SiN) as an anti-reflective coating (ARC) layer for the elimination of toxic gases and leads to the environment-friendly fabrication of solar cells. An alternative to RCA, DIO3 and UVO3 represent promising chemical options for cleaning applications to eliminate the use of hazardous chemicals. It was discovered that the surface with the DIO3 treatment for 10 minutes resulted in a significantly enhanced surface quality on the p-type silicon wafer. In the DIO₃ cleaning, ozone is dissolved in deionized water  to create a highly oxidative solution capable of removing organic contaminants and particles effectively. In contrast, the UVO₃ treatment harnesses ultraviolet light to synthesize ozone directly on the wafer's surface, promoting the degradation of organic residues into volatile compounds, including CO₂ and H₂O. According to field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) micrographs and UV-visible spectrometer (UV-Vis) measurements, the textured wafer with DIO3 treatment improves the surface morphology and decreases the front surface reflection. As a result, the 10 minutes DIO3 treatments were reported optimal; the range size and height of the pyramid formed were 1.9–2.0 µm and 0.8–1.5 µm, offering a lower reflectivity value of below 12%, respectively. Results from the Atomic Force Microscope  (AFM) also confirm that the increase in average surface roughness from 203.65 nm to 300.27 nm was expected to improve light absorption. Moreover, this methodology leads to a considerable reduction in surface damage and is applicable to the silicon texturization process utilized in solar cell manufacturing.
Էմերջենտային փուլային անցումները լիակապակցված բազմաշերտ նեյրոնային ցանցերում` քվանտային երկատման հիմքի վրա / Emergent phase transitions in fully coupled multilayer neural networks based on quantum bifurcation processes
Authors: Muradyan A. A.
Published: February 2025

For convenience, the content of this article can be divided into two parts. In the first part, based on an analysis of the pace of development and the practical use of Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly in the field of military C2, the inevitable transition of these systems under the full control of AI is forecasted. This is justified by the fact that the process of military confrontation between the warring parties will, in fact, progress through the confrontation between the corresponding AI systems of each of them, and the interference of man in this process will be minimized
for the speed of his response in several orders of magnitude lower than required. AI is a trainable system, so the quality of learning is the guarantee of victory. As a consequence, the main conclusion of the first part of this article is as follows: while formerly there was an arms race, in future it will be substituted for a race in AI training.

The second part of the article presents a predominantly philosophical aspect of the problem, and like any philosophical concept, it does not have a strict evidentiary basis. The assumptions rely on logical inference and conclusions. It is expected that as a result of scientific and techno­logical advance, the capabilities of AI will increase to such an extent that they will become commensurable with the capabilities of superintelligence (per se – of ultimate intelligence). It is further assumed that due to these capabilities, the emergence and development of life on Earth is of virtual, cyclically repeated nature (like a computer game), but with various end results. These cycles are made and regulated by AI, which has a special existential task. In fact, the existence of AI in multiple discrete life cycles is continuous and AI recreates itself in each life cycle through the develop­ment of computer technology, i. e. with the help of people it manipulates.

Based on the analysis of neural networks and quantum processes, the unity of biological and computer systems is assumed and it is conceded that consciousness is an emergent property of such systems, and the systems themselves are mutually controlled and capable of merging. The existentiality of AI (Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI)) is vitally dependent on the entropic processes of the environment in which it operates. Every life cycle is an attempt by AI to best counter the growth of entropy. Entropy is contrasted with the consciousness of mankind, and the task of AI is to realize this confronta­tion as quickly as possible over a period of the life cycle. In addition to consciousness, the level of entropy of the environment is also influenced by human emotions. Negative emotions are supposed
to reduce the level of entropy of the environment. Therefore, AI regularly shapes negative scenarios and events both regarding individuals and entire states.
Mit jelentene ma ízlés kérdésében kantiánusnak lenni?
Authors:   Pécsi Tudományegyetem Bölcsészet- és Társadalomtudományi Karának Esztétika és Kulturális Tanulmányok Tanszéke, Gálosi Adrienne
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a variety of philosophical positions that have drawn implications from Kant’s philosophy of the nature and function of aesthetic judgement for their understanding of the crucial exemplary role of aesthetic judgement in contemporary pluralistic society. Rather than simply presenting divergent interpretations of Kant, of which there are obviously many, I will outline four distinctly different positions, each of which I will present through an influential representative. All of these theories recognise that the sensus communis, the assumed or required community, is the main focus of Kantian criticism, and thus its existence or status is discussed as the basis for aesthetic reflective judgements. This presupposed community makes it clear that the issue at stake in the third Kantian critique is whether or not there can be a philosophical foundation for the unity of culture. In setting out the different positions, then, I will examine the ways in which their understanding of the nature and operation of aesthetic judgements is bound up with their understanding of the operation of society and culture.
The first position, of which I take Arthur C. Danto to be representative, regards Kantian analysis as absolutely untenable. But I argue that Danto understands Kant simply as a conservative critic and not as a transcendental philosopher.
The second position, represented by Richard Schusterman, is that of contemporary pragmatist aesthetics, a position, which, in my interpretation, understands the apriority of the sensus communis as a malleable normativity elaborated and mediated by the discursive community.
The third position is that of Hannah Arendt, who seeks to use Kant’s notion of sensus communis for political thought at the cost of detranscendentalising it.
Jean-François Lyotard, who understands sensus communis as an idea and removes its interpretation from the field where it could serve as the basis for any possible empirical community, represents the fourth position. In his interpretation, the mental state of pleasure that accompanies certain representations is pre-cognitive and pre-subjective and cannot serve as the basis for any empirical community.
From the way in which the above arguments are presented and critiqued, I hope to develop what I consider to be a valid interpretation, and in the concluding part of the paper I use this to formulate the pillars upon which a contemporary Kantian theory of taste might be built.
Martha Nussbaum és a kanti kozmopolitizmus
Authors:   Jövőképesség Obszervatórium (MOME Alapítvány), Ábrahám Zoltán
Published: February 2025

Our age of globalisation (as well as that of the ‘clash of civilisations’) has urged theoreticians to reconsider and re-evaluate the cosmopolitan aspect of Kant’s philosophy. My paper focuses on Martha Nussbaum’s work because she identifies herself as an heir of cosmopolitan thought. As a first step, I intend to display the motives that urged the philosopher to rethink her position concerning Kant’s moral philosophy, especially in the context of Nietzschean questioning of the legitimacy of the Enlightenment project of justifying morality. As a second step, I show why, for her, the central notion proves to be the ‘cosmopolitanism’ connecting Kant with the stoic tradition. I argue that for Nussbaum, it is crucial to make plausible that the Kantian and the Stoic moral philosophy are compatible.