bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fraud and free riding in tropical forests - on the potential for certification to enforce sustainable resource use indirectly
Authors: Lippert Christian
Published: August 2024

Certification schemes for forest products are understood by many as a way to promote sustainable resource use when it is impossible to rely on direct enforcement of process standards. Based on the concept of ‘Self-Enforcing Contracts’, this study develops a market model that simulates the simultaneous partial equilibrium for both certified wood units and physically identical units that are produced without observing certain ecological standards. By illustrating the interplay of supply and demand in a world characterised by incomplete information, opportunistic behaviour and free riding, the model simulations, along with some empirical evidence from tropical forestry, indicate that certification will very likely fall short of preventing degradation of tropical forests. This is especially true in politically and economically unstable situations. Consequently, institutions other than markets are needed to govern the way natural resources are used. The problem of tropical forest degradation must be resolved primarily through forest legislation and improved governance structures and not through eco-labelling.
Tempora mutantur, nos et mutamur in illis
Authors: Theuvsen Ludwig
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Entwicklung der Milcherzeugung in ausgewählten Regionen Baden-Württembergs - Prognose und kritische Entscheidungsfaktoren
Authors: Rothfuß Kathrin , Zondler Anke , Engler Barbara , Doluschitz Reiner
Published: August 2024

The abolition of the EU Milk Quota Regulation in 2015 will require milk producers to adapt. Their having to adapt is likely lead to structural changes both at regional level and at farm level. 411 milk producers in Baden-Wuerttemberg were surveyed in the course of the study (1 050 questionnaires, feedback 39 %). The main objective was to examine their likely reactions to the abolition of the milk quota regulation. The forecast shows that even in a favoured region for milk production, the overall output of milk could be reduced. Two groups of milk producers are compared by discriminant analysis. The farmers of the first group plan to quit milk production whereas the farmers of the second group intend to increase the output of milk. There is evidence that farm size alone is not the only discriminating factor in different regions, but that organisation on a sideline basis and the attitude of the farm operators also play a role.
Effects of Agri-Environment Programs and the Less-Favoured Area Scheme on Farm Input Use: Results from Propensity Score Matching
Authors: Pufahl Andrea , Weiss Christoph R.
Published: August 2024

The paper applies a semi-parametric matching approach (propensity score matching) to evaluate the effects of agri-environment (AE) programs and the less-favoured area (LFA) scheme on input use (land, labour, capital, livestock, fertilizer and pesticides) and farm output of individual farms in Germany. The analysis reveals a positive and significant effect of both farm programs on the area under cultivation, in particular on grassland, resulting in a decrease of cattle livestock density. Furthermore, participation to AE programs significantly reduced the purchase of fertilisers. For both farm programs, no significant effect on farm sales is observed. Furthermore, the magnitude of program effects increases along with increasing program payments. Key words: Evaluation; agri-environment programs; less-favoured area scheme; propensity score matching
The Political Economy of the Most Radical Reform of the Common Agricultural Policy
Authors: Swinnen Jo
Published: August 2024

The 2003 reform of the European Union’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) under Commissioner Fischler was the most radical in the history of the CAP. This paper analyzes the causes and constraints of the 2003 reform. The paper argues that an unusual combination of pro-reform factors such as institutional reforms, changes in the number and quality of the political actors involved in the reform process, and strong calls to reform from external factors came together in the first few years of the 21st century, allowing this reform to be possible.
Dissertationen SS 2008 – WS 2009/10 aus dem Bereich der Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften des Landbaus
Authors: GJAE
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
The Reputation of the German Meat Sector: A Structural Equation Model
Authors: Albersmeier Frederike , Spiller Achim
Published: August 2024

The German meat industry is increasingly subject to subject to controversy in public debate. The companies within the sector continue to be rather passive regarding this issue. As a consequence, the differences in opinion between society and meat industry have widened in recent years. Indications of a lack of acceptance are, for instance, public campaigns against agricultural building projects, reduced trust in the industry and increasing popularity of vegetarians in the population. In order to investigate the extent of these difficulties, this study analyses the reputation of the meat sector, using the Partial Least Squares Method (PLS). The results indicate that interest in and knowledge about the sector are generally rather poor.
IAMO Forum 2011
Authors: GJAE
Published: August 2024

No summary available.
Reflections on the Exceptional Treatment of Agriculture in the WTO
Authors: Josling Tim
Published: August 2024

The GATT gave special treatment to agriculture by allowing quantitative import restrictions when domestic output was also controlled, and made an exception to the ban on export subsidies by allowing them for primary products, subject to somewhat weak and imprecise conditions. Both were concessions to the operation of domestic farm policies in developed countries, primarily the US and the UK and later Canada and the EU, and full advantage was taken of these legal exceptions. Subsidies in general had been treated leniently in the GATT with merely the obligation to notify if they impacted upon exports. Domestic subsidies for agricultural products had significant impacts on both imports and exports and were seen to be a significant part of the trade problem, but operated under minimal constraints. So the exceptional treatment of agriculture in the GATT had led to a dysfunctional trade regime. The Uruguay Round faced up to the inchoate conditions on world markets and the deterioration of trade relations that these exclusions allowed. The Agreement on Agriculture (URAA) specifically banned quantitative restrictions on imports, except those introduced to guarantee access and banned new export subsidies, capping and reducing existing expenditures on the programs and the volumes that could be subsidized. Domestic subsidies that were deemed to be most trade-distorting were capped and modestly reduced. The Doha Round would, if completed, eliminate export subsidies, severely limit the ability to provide trade-distorting support, and reduce the bound tariffs by a considerable extent. The URAA was negotiated at a time when the US and the EU were the main players in the agricultural policy space and it represented a way of disciplining trade to avoid conflicts and reduce protection. Domestic policies were reformed in a way that was consistent with the URAA constraints. If the Doha Round is successful, most of the special provisions for agriculture will no longer be needed. But at that stage the URAA may inadvertently hamper the process of developing trade rules that meet new challenges.
Impact of Biogas Production on Farmland Rental Rates in Germany
Authors: Habermann Hendrik , Breustadt Gunnar
Published: August 2024

Biogas production has received considerable attention in Germany. Especially during the last years many biogas plants have been built due to increased feed-in tariffs for electricity guaranteed by the German renewable energy law. We analyse whether the use of arable and pasture land to produce ‘feed’ for the biogas plants increases farmland rental rates. The analysis is based on farm-level data of newly contracted rental agreements in 2005 and 2006 collected by the national agricultural census. We apply a spatial econometric approach to estimate the determinants of rental rates which explicitly takes dependence among neighbouring rental rates into account. Agricultural biogas production, measured as the share of acreage cultivated with energy crops, increases the rental rates in Western Germany significantly, but not in Eastern Germany. The estimated annual sum of additional rental payments due to biogas production projected on the whole rented acreage in Western Germany amounts to approximately € 7 – 9 m. However, for rental agreements contracted after 2006 a higher impact on rental prices is expected.
Are Business Management Games a Suitable Tool for Analyzing Bounded Rational Behavior of Economic Agents?
Authors: Mußhoff Oliver , Hirschauer Norbert , Hengel Philipp
Published: August 2024

Regulatory policies often aim to steer the behaviour of economic agents by changing their framework conditions. Assessing the impact of such policies requires forecasts of how humans adapt to changes in their economic environment. A prerequisite for a meaningful policy impact analysis is a profound knowledge why and to what extent economic agents behave in a bounded rational way. We propose that business management games be used to contribute to a better understanding since they provide an inexpensive opportunity to reach beyond the existing anecdotic evidence of “behavioural anomalies”. Modifying an existing business management game, in which investment, financing and production decisions have to be made, we demonstrate how bounded rationality can be quantified and separated into its two components: incomplete information and limited cognitive abilities. The resulting data indicate that the decisions made by the participants of the game have been strongly influenced by bounded rationality. They also show that both incomplete information and limited cognitive abilities are relevant components of the bounded rationality that has been displayed by the players. Regulatory impact analysts who base their forecasts a priori on the standard rational choice assumption cause the risk of measures being designed for economic agents that do not exist in reality.
Biogas Production in Germany – Should the Energetic Use of Manure be Explicitly Promoted?
Authors: Thiering Jochen , Bahrs Enno
Published: August 2024

For the politically desired increase in the use of renewable energies, in particular an increase of biogas production based on agricultural residues such as manure is regarded as beneficial. Although this residue can be supplied without any production costs, the biogas production made in Germany increased especially based on cultivated energy crops. The predominant part of the accruing manure is not used yet. In this paper, therefore, the need for additional promotion of energetic use of manure is discussed. The results based on literature values and investment calculations show that the avoidance of greenhouse gases (GHG) with biogas from manure causes a high potential and low external cost compared to biogas of corn silage. Manure transports influence the costs of GHG mitigation strongly; nevertheless low transport distances may be accepted. However, individual economic barriers exist for the use of manure instead of energy crops. An increase of manure proportion often increases the electricity production costs especially if manure has to be transported. In conclusion, it seems to be appropriate to promote the energy use of manure with the aim of a high utilization of the existing potential and an avoidance of unwanted effects to the land markets.
The Response of the German Agricultural Sector to the Envisaged Biofuel Targets in Germany and Abroad: A CGE Simulation
Authors: Sorda Giovanni , Banse Martin
Published: August 2024

This article analyses the impact of national, European and global biofuel targets on German food production and land allocation until 2020. The LEITAP General Equilibrium Model simulates the interaction of agricultural and energy markets in response to the envisaged expansion of the biofuel industry. First generation biofuels are integrated in the production structure of the petroleum sector. Second generation biofuels are modelled indirectly via estimated bottom-up reductions in land available for agriculture. Biofuel targets are set exogenously according to the current policy goals. The model recursively responds to increments in the biofuel mandates over three time intervals. Each country or region is required the meet its respective target and is allowed to subsidize biofuel consumption through a budget-neutral mechanism. Thanks to a nested land specification, changes in land use take into account variable elasticities of substitution among different cultivations. The results indicate that German production of biofuel crops substantially increases. In particular, oilseed output experiences a remarkable growth. Land allocation and land prices also change significantly. However, higher production does not suffice to satisfy the demand for biofuels feedstock, and imports of oilseeds and sugar rise considerably. Moreover, the model suggests that the growth in biofuel crop production among the remaining EU-26 countries is driven by the new Member States of the EU, and that the supply of EU biofuel crops also has to be enhanced by imports from abroad. Biofuel policies outside Europe show only little additional impact on German agriculture. The projected changes in food commodity prices are in line with the results of other CGE analyses, although prices rise to a lesser extent than projected in studies based on Partial Equilibrium Models.
Der Markt für Milch und Milcherzeugnisse
Authors: Fahlbusch Markus , Steffen Nina , Brümmer Bernhard , Spiller Achim
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Der Markt für Fleisch und Fleischprodukte
Authors: Efken Josef , Bergschmidt Angela , Deblitz Claus , Haxsen Gerhard , Pelikan Janine
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
EU-weite (Regional- und Betriebsgruppen-) Effekte durch Prämienentkopplung und -harmonisierung in Folge der Health-Check-Reform
Authors: Britz Wolfgang , Gocht Alexander , Domínguez Ignacio Pérez , Jansson Torbjörn , Grosche Stephanie-Carolin , Zhao Na
Published: August 2024

This article investigates the income effects of decoupled payments distributed at the farm-type or uniformly at the regional level within the European Union. The analysis was conducted using detailed information on the implementation of the Health Check policy package for agricultural activities in each of the 27 member states, which is included in the Common Agricultural Policy Regionalised Impact (CAPRI) model. In the simulation experiments, the transition from individual to uniform per-hectare rates at the country level was explicitly modelled. The results show significant income shifts only for single products, such as durum wheat. Moreover, income was redistributed away from traditional “Grandes Cultures” crop production to fodder production, an effect primarily caused by the capitalisation of decoupled premiums on previously unsubsidised land. Cattle, sheep and goat production was primarily affected in the animal sector. Land values are expected to increase considerably, especially those of grasslands.
Data Quality of Performance Measurement Systems based on Internal and External Accounting in the Inter-Company Evaluation of Pig Production and Hog Fattening
Authors: Morfeld Ulf , Stahlschmidt Michael , Krieter Joachim
Published: August 2024

Subject of the paper presented here is the analysis of benchmarking systems, which are used in consulting for the comparison of pig farms and for the identification of success factors. There are mainly traditional full costing and marginal costing systems used. Opinions about the necessity and the quality of full-cost accounting are controversial. In the paper will be identified how cost accounting systems reflect the operational reality for inter-company comparison and can be used as a valid basis for recommendations for management decisions. Further, the source of the data is questioned. For economic reasons, it is recommended by some organizations to use accounting information or data of the financial statements for analysis. In the paper will be clarified how data from the external accounting system can be used for benchmarking, or whether the separate collection of data, such as the ZDS Erzeugerringdatenbank, is necessary and reasonable.
Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Karagiannis Giannis , Salhofer Klaus
Published: August 2024

No summary available.
Dissertationen SS 2012 – WS 2012/13 aus dem Bereich der Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften des Landbaus
Authors: GJAE
Published: August 2024

No summary available.
Calibrating Agri-Environmental Schemes using a Two-Stage Discrete Choice Experiments
Authors: Breustedt Gunnar , Schulz Norbert , Latacz-Lohmann Uwe
Published: August 2024

Discrete choice experiments (DCE) have been in-creasingly applied to assess farmers’ preferences for alternative designs of hypothetical agri-environmental schemes. We extend the DCE approach by asking farmers not only to choose among alternative conservation contracts but also to choose the land area they would put under contract. This extended approach allows us to formulate optimal contracts (in terms of management prescriptions and payment levels) taking explicitly account of the effect of contract design and farm characteristics on the participation area. We use a multinomial Heckman model. In its first stage, we estimate the probabilities of specific contract types being chosen and the corresponding marginal willingness to accept (WTA) figure. In the second stage, we identify the factors affecting the land area offered under contract by means of an OLS regression which takes account of the sample selection bias from first-stage choices. Based upon the estimates from both stages, contracts for a hypothetical conservation scheme are optimized such that environmental benefit is maximized given alternative program budgets. The results show that the optimal design of conservation contracts is sensitive to the program budget.
Ankündigung: GJAE-Seminar Anfang März 2014 in Frankfurt
Authors: GJAE
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Convenient Prices in the Quick Service Sector
Authors: Möser Anke , Kriep Laura
Published: August 2024

Due to changes in demographic and social circumstances, the importance of food-away-from-home consumption increases. However, detailed facts on pricing strategies in this sector are still missing in Germany. This paper aims to provide cross-sectional evidence of pricing strategies in the quick servicesector. The focus lies on convenient prices, which according to KNOTEK (2011) simplifies the purchase due to a lower number of necessary monetary units. Convenient prices that match round prices ending on monetary denominations prevail. The only exceptions are fast-food-restaurants, which offered often odd prices. Consequently, in these stores at least one monetary unit more than in takeaway shops would be necessary to pay for the products. The study shows that there are common principles in pricing strategies in the quick service sector and the retailing sector, but also differences.
Call for Papers 55th GEWISOLA-Annual Conference, September 23-25, 2015, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen
Authors: GJAE
Published: August 2024

No summary available.
Der Weltmarkt für Getreide
Authors: Balkhausen Oliver , Vogel Stefan , König Nikolaus
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Risk Reduction Potential of Weather Index-based Insurance in Agribusiness – The Importance of the Aggregation Level of Yield Time Series
Authors: Pelka Niels , Mußhoff Oliver
Published: August 2024

Weather index-based insurance is not sufficiently used in agriculture as of yet. Basis risks are considered to be a major reason for this. By the use of weather in-dex-based insurance, basis risks remain with the farmer. However, weather index-based insurance can be interesting for agribusiness companies, specifically those which aggregate yields of several farms amongst themselves. This paper investigates the importance of the aggregation level of yield time series for the hedg-ing effectiveness of weather index-based insurance following the example of a sugar processing company. This investigation is based on empirical sugar beet yield data from 40 sugar beet producing farms in Northern Germany. Furthermore, we work with the aggregated sugar yield time series of roughly 5,000 farms, which account for sugar beets used in the sugar processing company in question. At the same time, this highly aggregated yield time series de-scribes the quantity risk of the sugar processing com-pany. Our results empirically show that in conse-quence of aggregating the sugar yield time series, basis risk is diminished and risk reduction potential is raised through the use of weather index-based insur-ance. The risk reduction potential of weather index-based insurance can, therefore, be underestimated if it is derived from studies pertaining to yield time series at the individual farm level. The focus of the present study may be relevant for agribusiness companies, as well as for potential providers of weather derivatives.
Citizens’ Evaluation of Animal Welfare on Pictures of Intensive Broiler Fattening: A Survey Experiment
Authors: Busch Gesa , Schwetje Carolin , Spiller Achim
Published: August 2024

Based on media discussion about animal production systems and animal welfare in Germany that mainly relies on pictures, this study analyses the citizen perception of intensive broiler fattening. In a survey experiment, five pictures from a 40,000 broiler barn were shown to citizens. The pictures were taken in the same barn but vary in age of the animals and stocking densities. The sample was split to avoid the five pictures from influencing the perception and each participant was shown only one picture. Overall, the evaluation of the pictures was very negative. Only the picture showing day-old-chicks was perceived as favorable (stocking density: 0.8 kg/m²). This is a challenge for the communication of animal welfare standards because the reductions, inter alia currently being discussed in science and politics of stocking densities were not perceived as an animal welfare advantage from a citizen perspective.
Intensification Plans of Austrian Farmers beyond Dairy Quotas – An Empirical Model to Explain Planned Behaviour
Authors: Larcher Manuela , Schönhart Martin , Schmid Erwin , Vogel Stefan
Published: August 2024

This article analyses intensification plans of Austrian dairy farmers after the abolition of the EU milk quota regime in 2015. Binary logistic regression models have been developed using survey data (N = 455) on farmers’ values, believes, expectations, and plans. The models are tested on its ability to predict intensification plans in dairy production. The results indicate that midterm plans are mainly determined by farmers’ attitudes towards own behaviour as well as perceptions on behavioural control. Orientation towards farm enlargement and optimistic perceptions on management options after the abolition of the milk quota in 2015 are preconditions for intensification plans even if farm succession strategies are already settled and farm resource endowments are seen sufficient.
The Political Economy of Biotechnology
Authors: Zilbermann David , Graff Gregory , Hochmann Gal , Kaplan Scott
Published: August 2024

The introduction of GE to agriculture has encoun-tered strong resistance, reflecting conflicting groups within and between countries. This has resulted in a regulatory environment that has limited the application of GE mostly to feed and fiber and practically restricted its application in food. While agricultural biotechnology has already provided significant benefits, much of its potential has not been reached. Regulation of agricultural biotechnology reflects conflicting interests and varying political power of different groups. The relatively supportive regulation of biotechnology in the U.S. reflects that it is an American technology, and supporting groups like the farm lobby, technology manufacturers, and U.S. consumers outweigh the objections of environmentalists and other opposition to the technology. In Europe, growing concern about environmental side-effects of agriculture, the fact that GE technology was imported, and the power of environmental groups has resulted in restrictive regulation. To a large extent, the fate of GE depends on the level of goodwill it generates among voters, and as long as a large segment of the population is apprehensive about its benefits, heavy restrictions about the technology that prevent it from reaching its potential will persist.
Der Weinmarkt
Authors: Hoffmann Dieter
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
What Influences the Growth of Organic Farms? Evidence from a Panel of Organic Farms in Germany
Authors: Brenes-Muñoz Thelma , Lakner Sebastian , Brümmer Bernhard
Published: August 2024

Organic farming is one of the fastest-growing branches of agriculture in Germany. The net increase in the number of hectares comes partly from the conversion of conventional farms, but also in part from the acreage expansion of existing organic farms. So far, empirical research has focused on analysing conversion to organic farming, and lately on reversion to conventional farming. However, changes in individual organic farm sizes have remained ignored by empirical researchers. Additionally, the occurrence and the extent of farm growth are largely dependent on the regional conditions of land market, farm structure and policy measures. Therefore, it remains unclear what other factors besides increasing demand for organic products might influence growth of organic farms. The main objective in this study is to determine whether organic farms are changing their scale of operation and, if so, which factors contribute to – or stagnate – farm growth and to what extent. To answer these questions we analyse growth in a unique panel dataset of 453 farms over the 1993-2005 period using the system generalised method of moments estimator (SGMM). The results reveal that all farms increase area by a maximum of 10 ha and large farms change farm size more frequently than smaller ones. Increases in organic area are influenced by subsidies for organic farming and intensity of livestock production. Farm growth measured in terms of output is affected by farm size, land, capital, soil quality, and intensity of livestock production.
Determinants of Consumers’ Willingness-to-pay for Fairly-produced, Locally Grown Dairy Products
Authors: Emberger-Klein Agnes , Menrad Klaus , Heider Dominik
Published: August 2024

At the end of the last decade, several regional marketing projects were launched in the dairy sectors of various Alpine countries with the aim of creating a higher added value for milk products and allowing fair prices for the dairy farmers involved. The projects wanted to offer an alternative marketing channel for the farms in these regions by marketing ‘fairly-produced, locally grown products’. The aim of this study is to analyze the determinants of consumers’ willingness-to-pay (WTP) for fairly-produced, locally grown products using two different WTP measures: the first one describes a more general willingness-to-pay (WTPGEN) and the second one quantifies the price premium (WTPQUAN) respondents are willing to pay. The influence of both person-related and environmental factors, which are known to have an impact on food-related consumption behavior, was determined introducing and using the Shapley value (SV) decomposition of R2. This concept is commonly used in the commercial marketing context, but until now it has rarely been applied in academic research on food-related consumption behavior, even though it provides interesting advantages. The results show that consumers’ WTP for fairly-produced, locally grown products is influenced by person-related factors as well as by environmental factors. In the case of WTPQUAN, a dominant influence by consumers’ price consciousness can be observed, while a higher relative importance of the more global constructs of norms, stated preferences, and values can be detected when ex-plaining WTPGEN.
Do Growth Rates Depend on the Initial Firm Size? Evidence for the German Agribusiness
Authors: Höhler Julia , Kühl Rainer
Published: August 2024

The agribusiness is in flux: how will the population of firms develop, and which consequences will arise for competition? In 1931, GIBRAT stated the firm size and growth rate to be independent. Testing the validity of Gibrat’s Law for the agribusiness allows drawing conclusions on future developments of concentration. After the examination of 454 manufacturing downstream enterprises in Germany, we reject Gibrat’s Law and find small firms to grow stronger than bigger firms in relation to their initial size. Our results emphasize the application of Gibrat’s Law to subsectors and size classes as well as to the agribusiness as a whole.
Job Preferences of Dairy Farmers in Eastern Switzerland: A Discrete Choice Experiment
Authors: Lips Markus , Gazzarin Christian , Telser Harry
Published: August 2024

Using a discrete choice experiment and a mixed-effects logit model, this article analyses the job preferences of 300 dairy farmers in the eastern part of Switzerland who intend to stay in milk production. The results show that a shift to suckler cow husbandry plus additional employment or to a job completely outside of agriculture would only be considered by dairy farmers in exchange for
The EU-Argentinean Trade Dispute on Biodiesel: An Economic Assessment
Authors: Gohin Alexandre , Levert Fabrice , Forslund Agneta
Published: August 2024

Argentina has a long record of taxing agricultural exports. In 2013, the European Commission started to impose antidumping duties on exports of Argentinean biodiesel. They were considered being dumped due to reduced export taxes compared to those applied to soybean oil exports. The objective of this paper is to analyze the economic consequences of these Argentinean differential taxes on the European biodiesel and related sectors. Thanks to an original model simulating the world markets of main arable crops, we first analyze the results of an increase of the export tax on biodiesel only. We then simulate the consequences of a reduction of export taxes on soybean products. Finally, we assess the impacts of the overall Argentinean policy of differentiated taxation of agricultural exports. One main conclusion is that European biodiesel producers are relatively more penalized than biodiesel producers in other countries by the current Argentinean policy, due to a relatively greater production of rapeseed. US and Brazilian producers suffer from welfare losses in all scenarios due to the indirect effects on soybean markets. The welfare impacts on consumers and taxpayers are often opposite to the welfare impacts on producers, leading to small global welfare effects.
Which Animal Welfare Measures should be implemented in Animal Welfare Programs? A Stakeholder Analysis
Authors: Heise Heinke , Theuvsen Ludwig
Published: August 2024

In response to the growing number of citizens who express concerns about farm animal welfare in intensive, modern livestock farming, a number of programs that sell meat and other food products of animal origin from more animal friendly production systems (so called animal welfare programs) have emerged on the market in recent years. To successfully establish an animal welfare program in the market, the acceptance of several stakeholders along the supply chains of food products of animal origin is needed. For this reason, based on three quantitative empirical studies, this study investigates the perceived importance and practicability of 13 often discussed animal welfare measures from farmers’, veterinarians’ and consumers’ point of view. The results show that the evaluations of the animal welfare measures surveyed differ widely between the stakeholder groups. However, the results also give evidence that it is not impossible to develop an animal welfare program which meets the common concerns of consumers regarding animal welfare and at the same time is accepted by the experts directly involved in livestock production. For some animal welfare measures, there is still research demand to improve the practicability in conventional livestock farming. This is particularly urgent for the provision of outdoor access and the renouncement of curative interventions such as tail docking or teeth clipping as consumers rate these animal welfare measures as important for the wellbeing of animals while, at the same time, conventional farmers rate their practicability rather low. From the results, first implications for the conception of animal welfare programs can be derived. Thus, our study can help to establish a broader market segment for products from more animal friendly production system. In this way the more and more critical discourse between the broader public and the agricultural sector can be mitigated.
Analysis of Stakeholders’ Expectations for Dairy Sector Development Strategies from a Central-Eastern and Western European Perspective
Authors: Kuipers Abele , Malak-Rawlikowska Agata , Stalgiene Aldona , Klopčič Marija
Published: August 2024

The development paths chosen by farmers and the critical success factors involved can be better understood when the business context in which these farmers operate is known. Also, interaction in the chain contributes to the strength of the chain. This raises questions such as do chain parties cooperate and is there a certain consensus concerning the future strategic route? This article provides a unique analysis of how stakeholders envisage the future of dairy farming in a period of radical policy change and what barriers they foresee to their objectives. The questionnaire used examined perceptions on development strategies, availability of resources, opportunities & threats (O&T), farmer skills and future expectations. In 2015 and early 2016, a total of 161 completed questionnaires were collected from stakeholders (leading persons in the dairy chain) in the Netherlands, Slovenia, Lithuania and Poland. Data were analysed by PCA, ANOVA, cluster and stepwise regression methods. Eight strategic clusters of stakeholders were found. Farm expansion and specialisation was the most expected development strategy (57% of stakeholders). Almost one fourth of the stakeholders took a wait and see approach, of which 15% looked for opportunities to activate at a particular moment in time, while 8% were generally pessimistic about the future. Diversification in combination with organic farming was chosen by 5% of the stakeholders, 10% of stakeholders focused on cooperation, service and high tech, and another 5% placed their trust in skills, subsidies and labour. The opinions of stakeholders were highly affected by the country of origin, while only minor variations in opinions were observed between different categories of stakeholders. Polish stakeholders showed the most specialised view on the dairy chain, but they scored relatively low on cooperation. Development towards diversification and organic agriculture received higher scores in Slovenia and Lithuania compared to the Netherlands and especially to Poland. Netherlands’ stakeholders were the most positive about the future e.g. they foresee expansion and market opportunities. It was shown that strategies, resources and O&T each directly affect future expectations, which was in agreement with the hypothetical model used.
Einladung zur Einreichung von Beiträgen 58. Jahrestagung der GEWISOLA, 12.-14. September 2018 an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel
Authors: GJAE
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Aspekte der Agrarpolitik 2016
Authors: Demoustier Jana , Herzfeld Thomas
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Der Markt für Milch und Milcherzeugnisse im Jahr 2016
Authors: Ermann Manuel , Fahlbusch Markus , Kühl Sarah , Brümmer Bernhard , Schulze-Ehlers Birgit
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Der Markt für Fleisch und Fleischprodukte
Authors: Efken Josef , Simon Bernhard J. , Krupp John R. , Hortmann-Scholten Albert
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Economic Crisis and the Fragility of Comparative Advantage in European Agriculture
Authors: Bojnec Štefan , Fertő Imre
Published: August 2024

The paper investigates the impact of the economic crisis on the duration of comparative advantage of agri-food products in European Union member states during the period 2000-2014 using normalised revealed comparative advantage indices. Specifically, we examine how the economic crisis affected comparative advantage indices at 1) the start of a period of comparative advantage, 2) during a period of comparative advantage, and 3) how quickly comparative advantage grew within a defined period. Duration and regression analyses are applied to examine the fragility of comparative advantage indices using alternative model specifications and estimation procedures. Estimations suggest that the comparative advantage for most agri-food products is short lived. Economic crisis reduces the duration and growth of comparative advantage, while spell duration, lag in comparative advantage and product differentiation reduce the probability of failure of duration of comparative advantage. Economic crisis and the duration of a period after-crisis reduce, and a period after-crisis and crisis-duration increase the growth of comparative advantage. These results are relevant for EU agri-food exporting countries, as the fragility of comparative advantage is found to be driven by both endogenous factors and the exogenous macro-economic-related shock of economic crisis. Exit from economic crisis and product differentiation have strengthened the comparative advantage of EU-28 member states in terms of differentiated agri-food product varieties for final consumption.
A Foresight Study of European East-West Agrifood Trade Options
Authors: Philippidis George , Sanjuán Ana , Tabeau Andrzej , Van Berkum Siemen , Verma Monika
Published: August 2024

Taking a trade perspective with a focus on agrifood markets, the current foresight study employs a computable general equilibrium simulation model to quantify the implications of different future pathways of European East-West trade relations for the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), thereby providing insight on how best to orientate their political and trade strategies. Comparing with a baseline, two optimistic pathways explore greater market access, both within Europe (‘Deep integration’) and globally (‘trade liberalisation’). In contrast, an isolationist ‘trade bloc’ pathway reflecting a deteriorating political situation between Russia and the West is also examined.
In the ‘baseline’, Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement (DCFTA) members realise market gains, whilst intra-CIS trade diversion effects are small. The ‘deep integration’ scenario (‘liberalisation’ scenario) generates significant relative benefits for DCFTA signatories’ agrifood (non-agrifood) activities. In both of these trade reform narratives, the Eurasia Economic Union (EAEU) economic gains are biased in favour of Russia’s energy sector resulting in greater import dependence on agrifood commodities from the EU. The isolationist trade narrative nurtures EAEU agrifood activity, although at the cost of its macroeconomic growth.
Perception and Evaluation of a Pig Fattening Pen Based on Film Material in an Online Survey Experiment with German Citizens
Authors: Wernsmann Anna , Wildraut Christiane , Von Meyer-Höfer Marie , Mergenthaler Marcus
Published: August 2024

As many parts of today’s society have only few direct connections to farming, an increasing alienation of the population from agriculture is noticed in Germany. Especially pig farming is criticised due to a discrepancy between farmers’ and citizens’ perception of animal welfare in modern livestock farming. With regard to the increasing use of the internet, social media, picture and film materials have become essential in communication about livestock production. In this context, it is important to deal with the effects of pictures and videos on citizens’ perception and evaluation. In general, the perception of videos is affected by the viewers’ characteristics. Apart from that, the perception of videos is affected by picture design and picture elements. The aim of the present study is to analyse people’s perceptions and evaluations of film material showing a pig fattening pen. For this purpose, 464 participants were randomly shown four out of sixteen videos in an online experiment. The videos varied according to housing conditions (e.g. weight of the pigs, stocking density) and recording conditions (e.g. camera angle, lighting conditions). A cluster analysis based on belief in animal mind, interest and knowledge about pig farming and meat consumption was conducted. Subsequently, the identified segments, the different housing con-ditions and the recording conditions of the videos were used as independent variables to perform an analysis of variance with the evaluations of the videos as dependent variable.
The results show that the identified clusters significantly differ in the evaluations of the videos. Furthermore, housing conditions have a higher impact than recording conditions. The results indicate that high stocking densities lead to negative evaluations. It can be assumed that respondents do not recognise minor differences in film material. In general the videos were rated poorly. This implies for PR that improving recording conditions of the videos might not lead to a better evaluation of livestock farming than improving housing conditions. Different information requirements in different clusters should be considered in agricultural PR.
GEWISOLA-Auszeichnungen 2018
Authors: GJAE
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Agricultural Professionalization of Austrian Family Farm Households – the Effects of Vocational Attitude, Social Capital and Perception of Farm Situation
Authors: Larcher Manuela , Engelhart Reinhard , Vogel Stefan
Published: August 2024

Household strategies of farming families refer to the medium to long-term orientation of the farm operation. They also constitute the goal and the framework for entrepreneurial behavior and reflect the living concept of the farming family as well as the operative processes of adapting the farm to a changing environment. In this study we explore on the household strategy agricultural professionalization of farmers according to their vocational attitudes, their social capital and their assessments of farming and family resources. A binary logistic regression was applied to data from a survey of 388 farmers in the Austrian district of St. Poelten. The final explanatory model demonstrates that a high level of social capital in family and community in combination with a positive assessment of the survivability of a farm and a positive attitude towards one’s vocation render it very likely that plans are made for agricultural professionalization.
Price and Volatility Spillovers of the Producer Price of Milk between some EU Member States
Authors: Szenderák János , Popp József , Harangi-Rákos Mónika
Published: August 2024

The aim of this analysis is to compute the return and volatility spillovers of raw milk prices paid to producers in Germany, Hungary, Italy and Poland with the inclusion of world prices, in the time period between January 2003 and June 2017. This study poses the questions: what is the level of spillovers of the producer price of milk among these Member States? Has the level of spillovers
(Dis-)Satisfaction in Agriculture? An Explorative Analysis of Job and Life Satisfaction in East Germany
Authors: Jantsch Antje , Weirowski Tobias , Hirschauer Norbert
Published: August 2024

Attractive working and living conditions are crucial in the competition for skilled workers. While the overall number of studies that investigate job and life satisfaction has increased substantially over the last few years, detailed regional and branch specific descriptions of the job and life satisfaction of agricultural workers are lacking. Based on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) for the years 2000 to 2015, we explore the job and life satisfaction of the agricultural workforce in crop production in East Germany in comparison to other sectors of the economy. The main findings of this study are: (i) the job satisfaction of agricultural workers (crop production) is considerably higher than their life satisfaction, whereas in other sectors job and life satisfaction levels are very similar. (ii) Compared to other sectors of the economy, agricultural workers (crop production) report higher levels of job satisfaction. (iii) Similarly, job satisfaction among unskilled agricultural workers exceeds the job satisfaction of unskilled workers in other sectors of the economy. These results do not indicate that poor working conditions in agriculture are the main reason for the shortage of (skilled) labor in the agricultural sector.
German Bioeconomy: Economic Importance and Concept of Measurement
Authors: Iost Susanne , Labonte Naemi , Banse Martin , Geng Natalia , Jochem Dominik , Schweinle Jörg , Weber Sascha , Weimar Holger
Published: August 2024

In recent literature concept and implications of bio¬economy are being discussed extensively and in many cases the term bioeconomy rather serves as a framework for discussion than as an operational basis for estimating size and economic importance. Nevertheless, several of such estimates exist on national and European level. Due to the application of different and sometimes not comprehensible methodology, these estimates cannot be properly compared and evaluated. Therefore, the objective of this article is the development of a transparent method for estimating the economic importance of bioeconomy and the application of this method to provide a comprehensive estimate of the German bioeconomy. Our analysis bases on various official statistics and refers to the year 2014. The size of the bioeconomy is described by the indicators employment, gross value added and turnover. We estimate bioeconomy related employment to range between 3.7-4 million jobs, bio-based gross added value to reach 116-135 bill. EUR and bio-based turnover to range between 451-520 bill. EUR. Challenges in estimating economic importance are data availability and the fact that existing classifications of economic activities do not allow distinguishing fossil-based and bio-based economic activities.
Aspekte der Agrarpolitik 2018
Authors: Demoustier Jana , Herzfeld Thomas
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Der Markt für Fleisch und Fleischprodukte
Authors: Efken Josef , Thies Annika , Meemken Jakob
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Der Markt für Bioenergie
Authors: Rübcke von Veltheim Friedrich , Deutsch Maximilian , Beer Lara , Schaper Christian , Otter Verena
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.