bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retroviral lineage analysis reveals dual contribution from ectodermal placodes and neural crest cells to avian olfactory sensory and GnRH neurons
Authors: Koontz Alison , Urrutia Hugo A. , Bronner Marianne E.
Published: May 2022

The origin of the neurons and glia in the olfactory system of vertebrates has been controversial, with different cell types attributed to being of ectodermal placode versus neural crest lineage, depending upon the species. Here, we use replication incompetent avian retroviruses to perform a prospective cell lineage analysis of either presumptive olfactory placode or neural crest cells during early development of the chick embryo. Surprisingly, the results reveal a dual contribution from both the olfactory placode and neural crest cells to sensory neurons in the nose and gonadotropin‐releasing hormone neurons migrating to the olfactory bulb. We also confirm that olfactory ensheathing glia cells are solely derived from the neural crest. Finally, our results show that neural crest cells and olfactory placode cells contribute to p63 positive cells, likely to be basal stem cells of the olfactory epithelium. Taken together, these finding provide evidence for previously unknown contributions of neural crest cells to some cell types in the chick olfactory system and help resolve previous discrepancies in the literature.

Key Points

Modified retroviruses were used to permanently label progenitor cells of the neural crest and olfactory placode for the long‐term lineage analysis of olfactory cells.

Both neural crest cells and olfactory placode cells contribute to olfactory neurons and supporting cells of the olfactory epithelium.

The gonadotropin‐releasing hormone neurons that arise in the nose and migrate toward the hypothalamus during development also receive contributions from both neural crest and placode cells.
Obesity accelerates acute promyelocytic leukemia in mice and reduces sex differences in latency and penetrance
Authors: Kincaid John W. R. , Weiss Gretchen , Hill‐Baskin Anne E. , Schmidt Heidi M. , Omoijuanfo Ovwoioise , Thompson Cheryl L. , Beck Rose C. , Berger Nathan A.
Published: May 2022

Objective

Obesity has emerged as a prominent risk factor for multiple serious disease states, including a variety of cancers, and is increasingly recognized as a primary contributor to preventable cancer risk. However, few studies of leukemia have been conducted in animal models of obesity. This study sought to characterize the impact of obesity, diet, and sex in a murine model of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL).

Methods

Male and female C57BL/6J.mCG+/PR mice, genetically predisposed to sporadic APL development, and C57BL/6J (wild type) mice were placed on either a high‐fat diet (HFD) or a low‐fat diet (LFD) for up to 500 days.

Results

Relative to LFD‐fed mice, HFD‐fed animals displayed increased disease penetrance and shortened disease latency as indicated by accelerated disease onset. In addition, a diet‐responsive sex difference in APL penetrance and incidence was identified, with LFD‐fed male animals displaying increased penetrance and shortened latency relative to female counterparts. In contrast, both HFD‐fed male and female mice displayed 100% disease penetrance and insignificant differences in disease latency, indicating that the sexual dimorphism was reduced through HFD feeding.

Conclusions

Obesity and obesogenic diet promote the development of APL in vivo, reducing sexual dimorphisms in disease latency and penetrance.
In Silico Design and SAR Study of Dibenzyl Trisulfide Analogues for Improved CYP1A1 Inhibition
Authors: Clarke Nishani , Irvine William
Published: May 2022

Dibenzyl trisulfide (DTS) is a natural compound with potential cancer‐preventive properties occurring inPetiveria alliaceaL., an ethnomedicinal plant native to the Americas. Previous studies revealed its inhibitory activity toward cytochrome P450 (CYP)1 enzymes, key in the activation of environmental pollutants. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to design novel DTS analogues, aimed at improving not only inhibitory activity, but also specificity toward CYP1A1. This was achieved by targeting interactions with CYP1A1 residues of identified importance. Three‐dimensional structures for the novel analogues were subjected to molecular docking with several CYP isoforms, before being ranked in terms of binding affinity to CYP1A1. With three hydrogen bond donors, two hydrogen bond acceptors, a molecular mass of 361 Da, and a log Pof 3.72, the most promising DTS analogue obeys Lipinski's rule of five. Following synthesis and in vitro validation of its CYP1A1‐inhibitory properties, this compound may be useful in future cancer‐preventive approaches.
Genetic loci associated with freezing tolerance in a European rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) diversity panel identified by genome‐wide association mapping
Authors: Chao Wun S. , Li Xuehui , Horvath David P. , Anderson James V.
Published: May 2022

Winter biotypes of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) require a vernalization treatment to enter the reproductive phase and generally produce greater yields than spring rapeseed. To find genetic loci associated with freezing tolerance in rapeseed, we first performed genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) on a diversity panel consisting of 222 rapeseed accessions originating primarily from Europe, which identified 69,554 high‐quality single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Model‐based cluster analysis suggested that there were eight subgroups. The diversity panel was then phenotyped for freezing survival (visual damage and Fv/Fo and Fv/Fm) after 2 months of cold acclimation (5°C) and a freezing treatment (−15°C for 4 h). The genotypic and phenotypic data for each accession in the rapeseed diversity panel was then used to conduct a genome‐wide association study (GWAS). GWAS results showed that 14 significant markers were mapped to seven chromosomes for the phenotypes scored. Twenty‐four candidate genes located within the mapped loci were identified as previously associated with lipid, photosynthesis, flowering, ubiquitination, and cytochrome P450 in rapeseed or other plant species.
A non‐chemical weed control strategy, introducing duckweed into the paddy field
Authors: Wang Feng , Wang Shuang , Xu Shuhan , Shen Jianying , Cao Linkui , Sha Zhimin , Chu Qingnan
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Herbicide resistance in weeds and environmental pollution resulting from excessive application of chemical herbicides keeps increasing. Development of environment‐friendly and effective weed management strategies are required for sustainable agricultural production. In this study we investigated the effects of duckweeds (Landoltia punctata (G. Meyer) Les & D. J. Crawford and Spirodela polyrhiza (Linnaeus) Schle iden) introduction on the weed community and rice growth in paddy fields.

RESULTS

The study was conducted in the two rice‐growing seasons (2018 and 2019) with three treatments: rice grown without duckweed introduction (CK), with L. punctata introduction (LP), and with S. polyrhiza introduction (SP). On average, LP and SP significantly reduced total weed density by more than 90% and 97%, respectively. Early in the rice‐growing season, both duckweed species completely prevented weed growth. Further, both species significantly promoted rice plant growth in the advanced stages. SP significantly improved grain yield of rice by 23%. Light transmittance, temperature of the floodwater and soil, floodwater pH, and dissolved oxygen content significantly decreased following introduction of the duckweeds, indicating that the duckweeds introduction might inhibit weeds growth by altering environmental factors.

CONCLUSION

This study provides a possible environment‐friendly way to inhibit weed biomass in the paddy field by introducing duckweeds and interpreted the possible reasons of the impacts of duckweed on environmental variables. Weed control is beneficial for rice growth. Duckweed coverage might be limited in open fields and the associated practice requires additional investigation. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Insights into the genetic spatial structure of Nicaraguan weedy rice and control of its seed spread
Authors: Hsu Wei‐Chun , Wu Dong‐Hong , Chen Szu‐Wu , Castillo Sergio Antonio Cuadra , Huang Sih‐Dun , Li Charng‐Pei , Wang Yun‐Ping
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

The genetic backgrounds and occurrence patterns of weedy rice (WR, Oryza sativa) are highly diverse, and so are the challenges facing its control among countries. WR control is difficult because it is similar to cultivated rice and manual removal is one of the few options for control. Understanding the ecology of WR will aid efforts to break its life cycle and establish long‐term management strategies under both irrigated and rainfed systems.

RESULTS

Nicaraguan WR (NWR) plants were genetically closer to the AUS and Indica pools in terms of to genetic distance. A map of admixture coefficients suggested a pattern of long‐distance dispersal and spread of NWR across Nicaragua, which has likely been facilitated by commercial activities and sharing of harvesting equipment between border cities or important trading ports and inland regions. Moreover, the NWR plants from the soil seedbank in irrigated regions showed different habitats and lower grain number per panicle compared with plants spread by seed‐mediated contamination. In addition, grain indexes showed that length‐to‐width ratio was a better indicator than awn length for distinguishing between NWR and Nicaraguan Indica cultivars.

CONCLUSION

Analysis of the population structure and habitats of NWR revealed five clusters derived from seed‐mediated contamination in rainfed upland regions, plants from the soil seedbank in irrigated double‐cropping regions, and pollen‐mediated contamination across both regions. Field weed management before harvesting and seed purification based on the length‐to‐width ratio can be conducted to improve the efficiency of long‐term control of WR in Nicaragua. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Discovery, synthesis, and optimization of teixobactin, a novel antibiotic without detectable bacterial resistance
Authors: Qi Yun‐Kun , Tang Xiaowen , Wei Ning‐Ning , Pang Cheng‐Jian , Du Shan‐Shan , Wang KeWei
Published: May 2022

Discovering new antibiotics with novel chemical scaffolds and antibacterial mechanisms presents a challenge for medicinal scientists worldwide as the ever‐increasing bacterial resistance poses a serious threat to human health. A new cyclic peptide‐based antibiotic termed teixobactin was discovered from a screen of uncultured soil bacteria through iChip technology in 2015. Teixobactin exhibits excellent antibacterial activity against all the tested gram‐positive pathogens and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including drug‐resistant strains. Given that teixobactin targets the highly conserved lipid II and lipid III, which induces the simultaneous inhibition of both peptidoglycan and teichoic acid synthesis, the emergence of resistance is considered to be rather difficult. The novel structure, potent antibacterial activity, and highly conservative targets make teixobactin a promising lead compound for further antibiotic development. This review provides a comprehensive treatise on the advances of teixobactin in the areas of discovery processes, antibacterial activity, mechanisms of action, chemical synthesis, and structural optimizations. The synthetic methods for the key building block l‐allo‐End, natural teixobactin, representative teixobactin analogs, as well as the structure–activity relationship studies will be highlighted and discussed in details. Finally, some insights into new trends for the generation of novel teixobactin analogs and tips for future work and directions will be commented.
Comprehensive Law‐of‐Approach‐to‐Saturation for the Determination of Magnetic Anisotropy in Soft Magnetic Materials
Authors: Sivaranjani Kottaipalayam Somasundaram , Jacob George Antilen , Joseyphus Raphael Justin
Published: May 2022

Magnetocrystalline anisotropy is a crucial parameter that determines the suitability of magnetic material in a wide range of emerging applications. The law‐of‐approach‐to‐saturation (LAS), utilized to obtain the magnetocrystalline anisotropy from hysteresis loops, is not satisfactory for materials with cubic anisotropy as they are two orders higher than the bulk value. Herein, a modified formulation to LAS is presented, where the reduction in effective magnetic anisotropy (K) values due to Fe oxide phases in Fe particles over wide size ranges is accounted. The value ofKdecreases from 4.2 × 104 J m−3for the Fe particles of average size 210 nm to 1.2 × 104 J m−3for the 20 nm particles due to the increase in the iron oxide fraction with size reduction. The effective magnetic anisotropy obtained from the modified LAS has been validated from the ferromagnetic resonance studies for particles of the smallest size.
A new evolutionism based self‐adaptive multi‐objective optimization method to predict software cost estimation
Authors: Gouda Sunil Kumar , Mehta Ashok Kumar
Published: May 2022

One of the major challenge that organizations face in the present environment is having an efficient model for software cost estimation (SCE). In this article, the significance of the meta‐heuristic algorithm in addressing various optimization challenges faced in mathematical models and software applications is discussed. The proposed method uses the new evolutionism‐based self‐adaptive mutation operator to solve the multi‐objective optimization problems. This approach addresses the issues that exist in multi‐objective differential evolution algorithms. To improve diversity among candidate solutions, the Pareto optimality principle is integrated with the evolutionism‐based self‐adaptive mutation operator in a multi‐objective DE algorithm. To reduce the time complexity of Pareto dominance, we have adopted the non‐dominated sorting algorithm. We used eight benchmark test functions to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, and it outperformed the most recent multi‐objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs). Furthermore, this article explores software engineering problems like SCE by using the proposed approach, where SCEs are accurately predicted by optimizing the tuning parameters of the multi‐objective constructive cost model. The proposed algorithm achieves better cost prediction as compared to the other standard benchmark algorithms for all objective problems in terms of prediction, mean absolute error, and root mean square error.
The Modified Analytical Model of Sine Pole‐Shaping Surface‐Mounted PM Motor
Authors: Wang Fang , Zhao Faqiang , Ruan ZhiBang , Liu Ying , Lai Hanke
Published: May 2022

According to the air‐gap flux density (AGFD) and the thickness of the permanent magnet (PM) in the direction of magnetization, this paper proposes a modified analytical model for the sine pole‐shaping surface‐mounted permanent magnet motor (SPMM) under parallel magnetization. The construction of the model also involves the Carter coefficient formula, the principle of magnetic‐circuit equivalence, and the distributed magnetic‐circuit method, which are used to deal with such influential factors as stator slotting, interpolar magnetic leakage, edge effect, and magnetic‐circuit saturation. Then, a finite‐element model is established to verify the analytical model through simulation. The results show that the fundamental amplitude of AGFD of the modified sine pole‐shaping motor is respectively 6.4 and 0.15% higher than that of the simplified sine pole‐shaping motor and the eccentric pole‐shaping motor, and that the total harmonic distortion of AGFD the former is respectively 67.2 and 11.1% lower than that of the latter, thereby causing an increase in average torque of the sine pole‐shaping motor and a decrease in its radial electromagnetic harmonics and torque ripple. Experiments show that both the modified analytical and finite‐element model are accurate. And, the proposed analytical model which does not need ergodic scanning as the eccentric pole‐shaping method can further optimize the electromagnetic performance of the motor. It can not only improve the motor design but also provide reference for the optimal design of high‐quality PM motors. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Development and validation of an optimized marker set for genomic selection in southern U.S. rice breeding programs
Authors: Cerioli Tommaso , Hernandez Christopher O. , Angira Brijesh , McCouch Susan R. , Robbins Kelly R. , Famoso Adam N.
Published: May 2022

The potential of genomic selection (GS) to increase the efficiency of breeding programs has been clearly demonstrated; however, the implementation of GS in rice (Oryza sativa L.) breeding programs has been limited. In recent years, efforts have begun to work toward implementing GS into the Louisiana State University (LSU) Agricultural Center rice breeding program. One of the first steps for successful GS implementation is to establish a suitable marker set for the target germplasm and a reliable, cost‐effective genotyping platform capable of providing informative marker data with an adequate turnaround time. The objective of this study was to develop a marker set for routine GS and demonstrate its effectiveness in southern U.S. rice germplasm. The utility of the resulting marker set, the LSU500, for GS applications was demonstrated using four years of breeding data across 7,607 experimental lines and four elite biparental populations. The predictive ability of GS ranged from 0.13 to 0.78 for key traits across different market classes and yield trials. Comparisons between phenotypic selection and GS within biparental populations demonstrates similar performance of GS compared with phenotypic selection in predicting future performance. The prediction accuracies obtained with the LSU500 marker set demonstrates the utility of this marker set for cost‐effective GS applications in southern U.S. rice breeding programs. The LSU500 marker set has been established through the genotyping service provider Agriplex Genomics, and in the future, it will undergo improvements to reduce the cost and increase the accuracy of GS.
Analgesic comparison between topical irrigation (splash block) versus injection of lidocaine on the ovarian pedicle in canine ovariectomy
Authors: Cicirelli Vincenzo , Lacalandra Giovanni Michele , Cseh Sandor , Mrenoshki Daniela , Lillo Edoardo , Bianchi Francesco Paolo , Aiudi Giulio Guido
Published: May 2022

Objectives

The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic efficacy of topical irrigation versus injection of lidocaine on the ovarian pedicle to provide analgesia in bitches ovariectomy. In the current study were monitored: increased blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate to identify an acute intraoperative nociceptive response. These parameters were registered at six times during the surgical procedure: grasping of the ovary (time 1), dissection of the mesosalpinx (time 2), tightening of the first loop ligature (time 3), tightening of the second loop ligature (time 4), transection of the ovarian pedicle (time 5) and release of the ovary (time 6).

Material and Methods

Forty healthy bitches were randomly assigned in two groups (n = 20) to receive topical irrigation (splash block) of 2% lidocaine (C group) on both ovarian pedicle (2 mg/kg each), or an equal volume of lidocaine was injected at the same sites (R group).

Results

The results of the present study suggest that splash block may provide intraoperative analgesic effects equivalent to injection in the ovarian pedicle in dogs that have undergone ovariectomy. The lidocaine improved surgical analgesia during canine ovariectomy in both groups, and this action is not affected by the inoculation technique.

Clinical significance

Pain management in veterinary patients is a crucial component of appropriate patient care. Therefore, the need for achieving safer anaesthesia for surgical intervention is gaining much attention. Ovariectomy is a common surgical procedure in bitches with medium level of pain. This study concluded that considering its relative simplicity, low cost, and safety, both techniques could be used in daily clinical practice.
Aktualisierte Empfehlungen zur infektiologischen Versorgung von Flüchtlingen im Kindes- und Jugendalter in Deutschland (Stand 30. März 2022), angemeldet als S1-Leitlinie (AWMF-Register Nr. 048-017)
Authors: Pfeil Johannes ,   DGPI, Bialek Ralf , Heininger Ulrich , Liese Johannes , Simon Arne , Stich August , Assaad Kholoud ,   BVÖGD, von Both Ulrich ,   DAKJ/Bündnis Kinder- und Jugendgesundheit, Janda Aleš , Kitz Christa , Kobbe Robin ,   GTP, Kunze Mirjam ,   DGGG, Lindert Judith ,   DGKCH, Ritz Nicole ,   PIGS, Trapp Stefan ,   BVKJ, Fressle Roland , Hufnagel Markus ,   DGKJ
Published: May 2022

Hintergrund

Mit etwa 190.000 Asylanträgen im Jahr 2021 ist Deutschland das wichtigste Aufnahmeland von Asylsuchenden in Europa.

Die vorliegenden Handlungsempfehlungen sollen eine Grundlage für eine evidenzbasierte und zielgerichtete infektiologische Versorgung minderjähriger Flüchtlinge schaffen.

Ziele

Die Handlungsempfehlungen sollen medizinisches Personal in der Versorgung minderjähriger Flüchtlinge unterstützen, um

1. einen unvollständigen Impfschutz frühzeitig zu erkennen und zu vervollständigen;

2. übliche Infektionskrankheiten zu diagnostizieren und zu behandeln;

3. in Deutschland seltene Infektionskrankheiten frühzeitig zu erkennen und zu therapieren.

Material und Methoden

Die Handlungsempfehlungen wurden als AWMF-Leitlinie Stufe 1 verfasst.

Entsprechend wurden die Empfehlungen durch eine repräsentativ zusammengesetzte Expertengruppe der beteiligten Fachgesellschaften im informellen Konsens erarbeitet und final von den Vorständen der Fachgesellschaften offiziell verabschiedet.

Ergebnisse

Es werden Empfehlungen ausgesprochen, für den Umfang der Anamnese und der körperlichen Untersuchung minderjähriger Flüchtlinge. Für alle minderjährigen Flüchtlinge werden die Bestimmung eines Differenzialblutbildes sowie Untersuchungen auf Tuberkulose und Hepatitis B empfohlen.

Je nach Herkunft und Alter werden weitere gezielte Untersuchungen z. B. auf Hepatitis C, HIV oder Schistosomiasis empfohlen. Zur raschen Vervollständigung des Impfstatus wird eine alters- und indikationsbezogene Priorisierung einzelner Impfungen vorgenommen.

Diskussion

Angesichts anhaltend hoher Flüchtlingszahlen ist eine weitere Professionalisierung der medizinischen Versorgung minderjähriger Flüchtlinge notwendig. Hierzu sollten die notwendigen strukturellen und personellen Rahmenbedingungen geschaffen werden.
Keratitis durch Fusarien – eine zunehmende Bedrohung in Deutschland?
Authors: Kovalchuk Bogdana , Khoramnia Ramin , Tóth Marcell , Horner Susanne , Auffarth Gerd U. , Augustin Victor A.
Published: May 2022

Hintergrund

Galt die mykotische Keratitis durch Fusarien in Industrienationen bisher als Seltenheit, so ist in den letzten Jahren ein Anstieg der Fusarien-Keratitiden auch in Deutschland zu verzeichnen. Anhand der folgenden Studie möchten wir gegenüber dem klinischen Krankheitsbild sensibilisieren sowie diagnostische und therapeutische Möglichkeiten aufzeigen.

Methodik

In dieser monozentrischen, retrospektiven Fallserie wurden alle Patienten der Universitäts-Augenklinik Heidelberg im Zeitraum von 2011 bis 2021 eingeschlossen, bei denen ein mikrobiologischer Nachweis von Fusarium Spezies gelang.

Ergebnisse

Insgesamt 13 Fälle mit mikrobiologischem Nachweis von Fusarium Spezies konnten identifiziert werden, auffällig war eine Häufung im Jahr 2021. Die Patienten waren zu 76,9 % weiblich und zu 76,9 % Kontaktlinsenträger. Nur in 4 Fällen gelang die Erregeridentifizierung aus dem initialen Hornhautabradat. Die durchschnittliche Dauer bis zur Verdachtsdiagnose einer mykotischen Genese betrug 13,1 Tage, die mittlere Dauer bis zum Erregernachweis 14,6 Tage ab Symptombeginn. Alle getesteten Erreger wiesen Resistenzen gegen mindestens ein gängiges Antimykotikum auf. Die Therapie mittels perforierender Keratoplastik war bei 70 % der Fälle erforderlich, in 57,1 % kam es dabei zu einem Rezidiv. In 80 % betrug der beste dokumentierte Visus nach Fusarien-Keratitis in unserer Fallserie ≤ 0,4.

Schlussfolgerung

Bei erschwerten Nachweismöglichkeiten und hoher Resistenzlage kommt es bei der Fusarien-Keratitis meist zu einem verspäteten Therapiebeginn mit reduzierter Visusprognose. Bei Vorliegen von Risikofaktoren und Nicht-Ansprechen auf Antibiotika muss frühzeitig eine antimykotische Therapie eingeleitet und ggf. eine Keratoplastik erwogen werden.
Implementation of prehabilitation in colorectal cancer surgery: qualitative research on how to strengthen facilitators and overcome barriers
Authors: Heil Thea C. , Driessen Elisabeth J. M. , Argillander Tanja E. , Melis René J. F. , Maas Huub A. A. M. , Olde Rikkert Marcel G. M. , de Wilt Johannes H. W. , van Munster Barbara C. , Perry Marieke
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Prehabilitation is increasingly offered to patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) undergoing surgery as it could prevent complications and facilitate recovery. However, implementation of such a complex multidisciplinary intervention is challenging. This study aims to explore perspectives of professionals involved in prehabilitation to gain understanding of barriers or facilitators to its implementation and to identify strategies to successful operationalization of prehabilitation.

Methods

In this qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were performed with healthcare professionals involved in prehabilitation for patients with CRC. Prehabilitation was defined as a preoperative program with the aim of improving physical fitness and nutritional status. Parallel with data collection, open coding was applied to the transcribed interviews. The Ottawa Model of Research Use (OMRU) framework, a comprehensive interdisciplinary model guide to promote implementation of research findings into healthcare practice, was used to categorize obtained codes and structure the barriers and facilitators into relevant themes for change.

Results

Thirteen interviews were conducted. Important barriers were the conflicting scientific evidence on (cost-)effectiveness of prehabilitation, the current inability to offer a personalized prehabilitation program, the complex logistic organization of the program, and the unawareness of (the importance of) a prehabilitation program among healthcare professionals and patients. Relevant facilitators were availability of program coordinators, availability of physician leadership, and involving skeptical colleagues in the implementation process from the start.

Conclusions

Important barriers to prehabilitation implementation are mainly related to the intervention being complex, relatively unknown and only evaluated in a research setting. Therefore, physicians’ leadership is needed to transform care towards more integration of personalized prehabilitation programs.

Implications for cancer survivors

By strengthening prehabilitation programs and evidence of their efficacy using these recommendations, it should be possible to enhance both the pre- and postoperative quality of life for colorectal cancer patients during survivorship.
The use of water stable isotopes for a better understanding of hydrogeological processes in Haiti: overview of existing δ18O and δ2H data
Authors: Gourcy L. , Adamson J. K. , Miner W. J. , Vitvar T. , Belizaire D.
Published: May 2022

Isotope hydrological studies carried out since 1987 in Haiti have proven to be effective in improving conceptual models of the principal aquifers in this Caribbean island nation. However, many of these studies have been limited and are mostly unpublished. It is, therefore, important to share the available datasets with scientists and water managers to support further studies and guide decision-making. Eleven datasets were compiled in a unique database for continued advancement and application. This dataset now contains 248 δ18O and δ2H results from water samples collected at 190 locations throughout the country. δ18O and δ2H values range, respectively, from –3.8 to –8.95‰ and –67.4 to –16.8‰ for precipitation (n = 5), 0.9 to 2.76‰ and 8.8 to 18.4‰ for lakes (n = 4), –2.61 to 4.98‰ and –26.63 to 28.2‰ for rivers (n = 11), –5.11 to –2.6‰ and –29.8 to –6.9‰ for springs (n = 82) excluding hot springs, and –5.1 to –1.37‰ and –29.4 to –2.9‰ for boreholes (n = 142). The overall presentation of the available data is complemented with an overview of the studies in which stable isotope data acquisition was performed. The global dataset is presented under three primary contexts: (1) elaboration of a local isotope meteoric water line of equation δ2H = 7.2δ18O + 8.8 supported with data predominately from the Ouest jurisdictional department, (2) spatial variability analysis of the dataset, and (3) definition of the altitude gradient (per 100 m) using freshwater springs of the Plaine du Cul-de-Sac/Massif de la Selle area of –6.67‰ for δ2H and –0.09‰ for δ18O.
A longitudinal study of the arterio-venous fistula maturation of a single patient over 15 weeks
Authors: Colley Eamonn , Carroll John , Anne Simmons , Shannon Thomas , Ramon Varcoe , Tracie Barber
Published: May 2022

Arterio-venous fistula creation is the preferred vascular access for haemodialysis, but has a large failure rate in the maturation period. Previous research, considering the remodelling mechanisms for failure-to-mature patients, has been limited by obtaining the patient-specific boundary conditions at only a few points in the patient history. Here, a non-invasive imaging system was used to reconstruct the three-dimensional vasculature, and computational fluid dynamics was used to analyse the haemodynamics for one patient over 15 weeks. The analysis suggested evidence of a control mechanism, which adjusts the lumen diameter to keep the wall shear stress near constant in the proximal regions of the vein and artery. Additionally, the vein and artery were shown to remodel at different growth rates, and the blood flow rate also saw the largest increase within the first week. Wall shear stress at time of creation may be a useful indicator for successful AVF maturation.
Attention-based residual autoencoder for video anomaly detection
Authors: Le Viet-Tuan , Kim Yong-Guk
Published: May 2022

Automatic anomaly detection is a crucial task in video surveillance system intensively used for public safety and others. The present system adopts a spatial branch and a temporal branch in a unified network that exploits both spatial and temporal information effectively. The network has a residual autoencoder architecture, consisting of a deep convolutional neural network-based encoder and a multi-stage channel attention-based decoder, trained in an unsupervised manner. The temporal shift method is used for exploiting the temporal feature, whereas the contextual dependency is extracted by channel attention modules. System performance is evaluated using three standard benchmark datasets. Result suggests that our network outperforms the state-of-the-art methods, achieving 97.4% for UCSD Ped2, 86.7% for CUHK Avenue, and 73.6% for ShanghaiTech dataset in term of Area Under Curve, respectively.
Cryptic extinction risk in a western Pacific lizard radiation
Authors: McDonald Peter J. , Brown Rafe M. , Kraus Fred , Bowles Philip , Arifin Umilaela , Eliades Samuel J. , Fisher Robert N. , Gaulke Maren , Grismer L. Lee , Ineich Ivan , Karin Benjamin R. , Meneses Camila G. , Richards Stephen J. , Sanguila Marites B. , Siler Cameron D. , Oliver Paul M.
Published: May 2022

Cryptic ecologies, the Wallacean Shortfall of undocumented species’ geographical ranges and the Linnaean Shortfall of undescribed diversity, are all major barriers to conservation assessment. When these factors overlap with drivers of extinction risk, such as insular distributions, the number of threatened species in a region or clade may be underestimated, a situation we term ‘cryptic extinction risk’. The genusLepidodactylusis a diverse radiation of insular and arboreal geckos that occurs across the western Pacific. Previous work onLepidodactylusshowed evidence of evolutionary displacement around continental fringes, suggesting an inherent vulnerability to extinction from factors such as competition and predation. We sought to (1) comprehensively review status and threats, (2) estimate the number of undescribed species, and (3) estimate extinction risk in data deficient and candidate species, inLepidodactylus. From our updated IUCN Red List assessment, 60% of the 58 recognized species are threatened (n = 15) or Data Deficient (n = 21), which is higher than reported for most other lizard groups. Species from the smaller and isolated Pacific islands are of greatest conservation concern, with most either threatened or Data Deficient, and all particularly vulnerable to invasive species. We estimated 32 undescribed candidate species and linear modelling predicted that an additional 18 species, among these and the data deficient species, are threatened with extinction. Focusing efforts to resolve the taxonomy and conservation status of key taxa, especially on small islands in the Pacific, is a high priority for conserving this remarkably diverse, yet poorly understood, lizard fauna. Our data highlight how cryptic ecologies and cryptic diversity combine and lead to significant underestimation of extinction risk.
A method of constructing 2-resolvable t-designs for $$t=3,4$$
Authors: van Trung Tran
Published: May 2022

The paper introduces a method for constructing 2-resolvable t-designs for $$t=3,4$$

t
=
3
,
4

. The main idea is based on the assumption that there exists a partition of a t-design into Steiner 2-designs. A remarkable property of the method is that it enables the construction of 2-resolvable t-designs with a large variety of block sizes. For $$t=4$$

t
=
4

, it is required that the Steiner 2-designs of the partition are projective planes and this case would also lead to a construction of 3-resolvable 5-designs. For instance, we show the existence of an infinite series of 3-resolvable 5-designs having $$N=5$$

N
=
5

resolution classes with parameters 5-$$(14+8m,7, 10(9+8m)(1+m))$$

(
14
+
8
m
,
7
,
10
(
9
+
8
m
)
(
1
+
m
)
)

for any $$m \ge 0$$

m
≥
0

as a byproduct. Moreover, it turns out that the method is very effective, as it yields infinitely many 2-resolvable 3-designs. However, the question of simplicity of the constructed designs has not been yet investigated.
Cohort Succession in the Timing of Marriage Among the Children of Turkish and Moroccan Immigrants
Authors: Wachter Gusta G. , de Valk Helga A. G.
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we introduce cohort succession in the study of marriage behaviour among the children of immigrants. Research among majority populations in developed countries has shown an overall increase in age at first marriage. Yet whether a similar change is occurring across successive cohorts of children of immigrants is unknown but relevant given the growing shares of children of immigrants in developed countries. Using full population register data from the Netherlands, we test the theoretical assumptions of cohort succession with event history models for the timing of first marriage across entire Turkish and Moroccan second-generation birth cohorts. In line with the expectations based on diffusion theories, we find clear evidence that younger birth cohorts postpone marriage. Moreover, the marriage timing of especially the Turkish second generation and Dutch majority population converges across birth cohorts. Our findings call for a more differentiated study of the children of immigrants acknowledging diffusion of new demographic behaviour among these groups.
Building a framework of a supportive pedagogical culture for teaching and pedagogical development in higher education
Authors: Myllykoski-Laine Siru , Postareff Liisa , Murtonen Mari , Vilppu Henna
Published: May 2022

The teaching and pedagogical development of academic communities is influenced by different contextual elements, which may not be apparent in everyday community practices, but may become evident through deeper reflection of the context. This study approaches these elements from the perspective of a supportive pedagogical culture for teaching and pedagogical development. The data consist of Finnish university teachers’ descriptions of teaching and its development in their work communities through thematic interviews (N = 51). Through inductive qualitative content analysis, meaningful elements of the communities’ pedagogical culture were identified, which represent (a) values and attitudes, (b) norms and principles, and (c) practices and structures in the community. The study proposes a framework of supportive elements of pedagogical culture that should be acknowledged when promoting the development of teaching in university communities. Based on the findings, it is especially important to establisha culture of sharingand to promote the value of teaching through various cultural elements.
Image Based Measurement of Individual Fiber Lengths for Randomly Oriented Short Fiber Composites
Authors: Wang Siqi , Yatagawa Tatsuya , Suzuki Hiromasa , Ohtake Yutaka
Published: May 2022

Among a wide range of fiber-reinforced composites, those with randomly oriented short fibers, which are also known as random-chopped fiber-reinforced composites (RaFCs), are the most common composites owing to its ease of manufacturing, flexibility of composite shapes, and good material properties, including light weight and high stiffness. These properties of RaFCs are involved with the lengths and distributions of fibers inside the composites. However, inspecting the fiber lengths and distribution remains a challenging problem, particularly when the lengths and locations of individual fibers need to be distinguished using only X-ray transmission images. The main difficulty arises from the variety of fiber widths and their frequent intersections. To address this problem, this paper proposes a comprehensive software system to localize fibers and measure their lengths. Our system is inspired by a previous work for tracing human hair strands. To adopt the previous method for RaFCs, our system extends classic Gabor filter to explore the locally best parameter sets to suit different fiber shapes. With this adaptive filter, we can extract the locations and orientations of local fibers more robustly for RaFCs. Then individual fibers are traced by solving an initial value problem of an ordinary differential equation. To avoid erroneous tracing which typically occurs at intersections, our method traces only the non-intersecting parts of the fibers initially. After that, we connect the fiber segments using the proximity of their endpoints and the orientations. Through experimental validations on different fiber samples, we demonstrate the stability of the fiber tracing and the robustness of the fiber length calculation. Our system works properly even for X-ray radiographic images of heavily tangled fibers in carbon-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic laminates taken by X-ray Talbot–Lau interferometer.
HPC acceleration of large (min, +) matrix products to compute domination-type parameters in graphs
Authors: Garzón Ester M. , Martínez José Antonio , Moreno Juan José , Puertas María Luz
Published: May 2022

The computation of the domination-type parameters is a challenging problem in Cartesian product graphs. We present an algorithmic method to compute the 2-domination number of the Cartesian product of a path with small order and any cycle, involving the $$(\min ,+)$$

(
min
,
+
)

matrix product. We establish some theoretical results that provide the algorithms necessary to compute that parameter, and the main challenge to run such algorithms comes from the large size of the matrices used, which makes it necessary to improve the techniques to handle these objects. We analyze the performance of the algorithms on modern multicore CPUs and on GPUs and we show the advantages over the sequential implementation. The use of these platforms allows us to compute the 2-domination number of cylinders such that their paths have at most 12 vertices.
Fertility Dynamics and Life History Tactics Vary by Socioeconomic Position in a Transitioning Cohort of Postreproductive Chilean Women
Authors: Varas Enríquez Pablo José , McKerracher Luseadra , Montalva Rivera Nicolás
Published: May 2022

Globally, mortality and fertility rates generally fall as resource abundance increases. This pattern represents an evolutionary paradox insofar as resource-rich ecological contexts can support higher numbers of offspring, a component of biological fitness. This paradox has not been resolved, in part because the relationships between fertility, life history strategies, reproductive behavior, and socioeconomic conditions are complex and cultural-historically contingent. We aim to understand how we might make sense of this paradox in the specific context of late-twentieth-century, mid–demographic transition Chile. We use distribution-specific generalized linear models to analyze associations between fertility-related life-history traits—number of offspring, ages at first and last reproduction, average interbirth interval, and average number of live births per reproductive span year—and socioeconomic position (SEP) using data from a cohort of 6,802 Chilean women born between 1961 and 1970. We show that Chilean women of higher SEP have shorter average interbirth intervals, more births per reproductive span year, later age at first reproduction, earlier ages at last reproduction, and, ultimately, fewer children than women of lower SEP. Chilean women of higher SEP consolidate childbearing over a relatively short time span in the middle of their reproductive careers, whereas women of lower SEP tend to reproduce over the entirety of their reproductive lifespans. These patterns may indicate that different SEP groups follow different pathways toward declining fertility during the demographic transition, reflecting different life-history trade-offs in the process.
Trust and Psychedelic Moral Enhancement
Authors: Gordon Emma C.
Published: May 2022

Moral enhancement proposals struggle to be both plausible and ethically defensible while nevertheless interestingly distinct from both cognitive enhancement as well as (mere) moral education. Brian Earp (Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement83:415–439, 12) suggests that a promising middle ground lies in focusing on the (suitably qualified) use of psychedelics asadjunctsto moral development. But what would such an adjunctive use of psychedelics look like in practice? In this paper, I draw on literature from three areas where techniques for moral development have been discussed: psychotherapy (e.g., Overholser 2010; Burns 1980) education (e.g., Uhl and Lütge, 2018), and AI-assisted enhancement (e.g., Lara and Deckers,Neuroethics13(3):275–287, 17) in order to propose more concrete ways in which to use psychedelics as adjuncts to moral development. It is shown that in each of these areas, we can see thattrustingrelationships (e.g., Baier 1986; Hawley 2019) between the facilitator and the agent will very plausibly maximize the success of this type of moral enhancement. Finally, I appeal to literature on informed consent for use of psychedelics (e.g., Smith and Sisti,Journal of Medical Ethics, 22; Johnson et al.,The Journal of Psychopharmacology22(6):603–20, 23) and on the therapeutic relationship in psychotherapy (e.g., Dryden and Reeves 2013; Horvath et al. 2011) to outline concrete suggestions for facilitating dimensions of trust most likely to maximize the benefits of (adjunctive) psychedelic moral enhancement. The result is a newly detailed practical proposal for how we might best facilitate moral enhancement by using drugs as adjuncts to moral development
Rotation Bounds for Hölder Continuous Homeomorphisms with Integrable Distortion
Authors: Clop A. , Hitruhin L. , Sengupta B.
Published: May 2022

We obtain sharp rotation bounds for the subclass of homeomorphisms$$f:{\mathbb {C}}\rightarrow {\mathbb {C}}$$f:C→Cof finite distortion which have distortion function in$$L^p_{loc}$$Llocp,$$p>1$$p>1, and for which a Hölder continuous inverse is available. The interest in this class is partially motivated by examples arising from fluid mechanics. Our rotation bounds hereby presented improve the existing ones, for which the Hölder continuity is not assumed. We also present examples proving sharpness.
Rapid Evaluation and Response to Impacts on Critical End-Use Loads Following Natural Hazard-Driven Power Outages: A Modular and Responsive Geospatial Technology
Authors: Royer Patrick D. , Du Wei , Schneider Kevin
Published: May 2022

The disparate nature of data for electric power utilities complicates the emergency recovery and response process. The reduced efficiency of response to natural hazards and disasters can extend the time that electrical service is not available for critical end-use loads, and in extreme events, leave the public without power for extended periods. This article presents a methodology for the development of a semantic data model for power systems and the integration of electrical grid topology, population, and electric distribution line reliability indices into a unified, cloud-based, serverless framework that supports power system operations in response to extreme events. An iterative and pragmatic approach to working with large and disparate datasets of different formats and types resulted in improved application runtime and efficiency, which is important to consider in real time decision-making processes during hurricanes and similar catastrophic events. This technology was developed initially for Puerto Rico, following extreme hurricane and earthquake events in 2017 and 2020, but is applicable to utilities around the world. Given the highly abstract and modular design approach, this technology is equally applicable to any geographic region and similar natural hazard events. In addition to a review of the requirements, development, and deployment of this framework, technical aspects related to application performance and response time are highlighted.
Research on energy saving technology at mobile edge networks of IoTs based on big data analysis
Authors: Xie Chaochen , Hua Qiaozhi , Zhao Jianzhou , Guo Rujing , Yao Haiyan , Guo Lixia
Published: May 2022

The 5G IoT is very complicated and there are many factors that affect the network performance. Presently, the optimization of network is still the focus of research. Although the existing literature has done a large number of researches in this aspect, there have always been problems, such as complex algorithms. Based on the previous research, we propose a big data mining analysis method, which improves the comprehensive performance of the network by analyzing the relationship of massive data variables so as to optimize the combination of the network. In this paper, according to each of terminal variables at any moment such as power consumption, bandwidth, noise power, subcarrier bandwidth, interference power and coding efficiency, etc. we develop the mathematical modeling of principal component multiple regression. Then we simulate this scheme by edge computing technology and combine it with intelligent algorithms. The research results show that this method can effectively predict the data concerned, and the residual is the smallest. Therefore, the research provides an important basic for application of the approach to the mobile edge network optimization of IoTs.