bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural Stress–Fatigue Life Curve Improvement of Spot Welding Based on Quasi-Newton Method
Authors: Qin Yahang , Xiao Shoune , Lu Liantao , Yang Bing , Li Xiangjie , Yang Guangwu
Published: May 2020

∆F-N curves are usually used to predict the fatigue life of spot welding in engineering, but they are time-consuming and laborious and not universal. For the purpose of predicting the fatigue life of spot welding accurately and efficiently, tensile–shear fatigue tests were conducted to obtain the fatigue life of spot-welded specimens with different sheet thicknesses combinations. These specimens were simulated by using the finite element method, and the structural stress was theoretically calculated. In the double logarithmic coordinate system, the structural stress–fatigue life (S–N) curve of spot welding was fitted by the least-squares method, based on the quasi-Newton method. The square of the correlation coefficient of the S-N curve was taken as the optimization objective, with the correction coefficients of force, bending moment, spot welding diameter, and sheet thickness as the variables. During the optimization process, three different ways were utilized to get three optimized spot welding S–N curves, which are suitable for different situations. The results show that the fitting effect of the S–N curve is improved, the data points are more compact, and the optimization effect is significant. These S–N curves can be used to predict the fatigue life, which provide the basis for practical engineering application.
Development of a convenient detection method for Trichomonas vaginalis based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification targeting adhesion protein 65
Authors: Li Yuhua , Wang Shuai , Li Haoran , Song Xiaoxiao , Zhang Hao , Duan Yujuan , Luo Chengyang , Wang Bingli , Ji Sifan , Xie Qing , Zhang Zhenchao
Published: May 2020

Background

Trichomoniasis resulting from Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) has been considered as a commonly seen disease with the transmission way of sex. At present, the detection methods of T. vaginalis mainly include wet mount microscopy, culture, PCR, immunofluorescence and ELISA. However, all of these detection methods exist shortcomings.

Methods

In this study, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay that targeted the species-specific sequence of adhesion protein 65 (AP65) gene had been conducted to detect T. vaginalis. The optimum reaction system and conditions were optimized in this rapid detection method.

Results

The results of sensitivity analysis showed that the LAMP assay targeting the AP65 gene was 1000 times more sensitive than the nested PCR targeting the actin gene commonly used for detection of T. vaginalis, and the detecting limitation of the former was 10 trichomonad. Moreover, the amplification of the target gene AP65 by LAMP assay exhibited high specificity and the product was exclusively from T. vaginalis. The detection technique of LAMP did not exhibit cross-reactivity with the common pathogens of Trichinella spiralis, Toxoplasma gondii, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus.

Conclusions

According to the present study, the LAMP assay with the target of AP65 gene, was suitable for the early diagnosis of T. vaginalis infections. Consequently, the LAMP assay was proposed by the current study as a point-of-care examination and an alternative molecular tool which exhibited the potential value in the treatment, control and prevention of trichomoniasis transmission and relevant complication.
Moderate to vigorous physical activity participation associated with better quality of life among breast and colorectal cancer survivors in Korea
Authors: Park Ji-Hye , Lee Dong Hoon , Kim Seung Il , Kim Nam Kyu , Jeon Justin Y.
Published: May 2020

Background

To investigate the association between physical activity (PA) and quality of life (QoL) among breast and colorectal cancer survivors in Korea.

Methods

A total of 224 cancer survivors (151 breast and 73 colorectal cancers) who completed treatments were recruited. We measured PA level with Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire and QoL with European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ C-30.

Results

Moderate to vigorous PA was significantly correlated with global QoL (r = .311, p < 0.01), physical functioning (r = .231, p < 0.01), fatigue (r = −.176, p < 0.05), pain (r = −.154, p < 0.05), and dyspnea (r = −.221, p < 0.01) while no correlation was found between light PA and QoL after controlling for potential confounders. When we further divided our participants into four groups by total PA level, we found a strong linear dose-response relationship between higher total PA and better QoL outcomes (p < .001). Compared with participants in the lowest quartile, those in the highest quartile had significantly better score in global QoL (65.8 ± 2.7 vs. 77.6 ± 2.8, p = 0.003), physical functioning (67.2 ± 2.3 vs. 85.3 ± 2.4, p = 0.007), fatigue (35.9 ± 3.2 vs. 23.6 ± 3.2, p = 0.008), pain (22.7 ± 3.3 vs. 13.0 ± 3.4, p = 0.046), and dyspnea (13.7 ± 2.5 vs. 5.9 ± 2.6, p = 0.034).

Conclusions

Higher PA level was associated with better QoL among breast and colorectal cancer survivors in Korea. Increasing PA levels should be included as one of important strategies to improve QoL in cancer survivors.
Household chaos: a risk factor for adverse child outcomes gains attention in public health
Authors: Emond Jennifer A.
Published: May 2020

Household chaos, characterized by high levels of confusion, disorganization and hurriedness in the home, is increasingly recognized as an important risk factor for adverse child outcomes. Early research on household chaos and child well-being was largely within the field of developmental psychology, where greater levels of household chaos has been associated with greater behavioral, attention and learning problems in young children. The potential influence of household chaos on child health behaviors is more recently gaining attention within public health. A recent study by Marsh et al., entitled, the Relationship between Household Chaos and Child, Parent, and Family Outcomes: A Systematic Scoping Review, presents the findings from 112 studies that assessed the influence of household chaos on a wide range of child outcomes. Findings highlight the various adverse child health outcomes across multiple domains that may be negatively affected by greater levels of household chaos including a few that reflect child health behaviors such as sleep, diet and weight gain. The review additionally presents findings from mediation and moderation analyses. This commentary highlights key aspects of the Marsh et al. review and outlines the implications of the work within health behavior research. This commentary further identifies child screen media use as a critically understudied area when considering the interplay between household chaos and child well-being.
Efficacy and safety of lanreotide autogel compared with lanreotide 40 mg prolonged release in Chinese patients with active acromegaly: results from a phase 3, prospective, randomized, and open-label study (LANTERN)
Authors:   on behalf of the LANTERN study investigators, An Zhenmei , Lei Ting , Duan Lian , Hu Pei , Gou Zhongping , Zhang Lihui , Durand-Gasselin Lucie , Wang Nan , Wang Yan , Gu Feng
Published: May 2020

Background

Lanreotide autogel is a somatostatin analog (SSA) approved for the treatment of acromegaly in 73 countries worldwide; however, it is not yet approved in China. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lanreotide autogel compared with lanreotide 40 mg prolonged release (PR) in Chinese patients with active acromegaly.

Methods

LANTERN was a phase 3, randomized, open-label, non-inferiority study. Patients with active acromegaly who had undergone surgery ≥3 months prior, or were unlikely or unable to undergo surgery, were treated with lanreotide autogel 60/90/120 mg (monthly deep subcutaneous injection) or lanreotide 40 mg PR (intramuscular injection every 7, 10, or 14 days) for 32 weeks. Primary endpoint was mean change-from-baseline in age-adjusted insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) standard deviation scores (SDS) at the end-of-study. Secondary endpoints included: growth hormone (GH) levels ≤2.5 μg/L or ≤ 1.0 μg/L, ≥20% reduction in tumor volume (TV) and safety.

Results

In total, 128 patients were randomized and received study treatment. Lanreotide autogel was non-inferior to lanreotide 40 mg PR: treatment difference (95% CI) for IGF-1 SDS between groups was − 0.32 (− 0.74, 0.11; per protocol population) and − 0.27 (− 0.63, 0.09; intention-to-treat [ITT] population), respectively. Reductions in IGF-1 (− 6.453 vs − 7.003) and GH levels (− 9.548 μg/L vs − 13.182 μg/L), and the proportion of patients with ≥1 acromegaly symptom (− 20.3% vs − 32.5%) were observed from baseline to end-of-study in lanreotide autogel and lanreotide 40 mg PR groups, respectively. In the lanreotide autogel group, 45.5% (25/55) patients achieved ≥20% reduction in TV compared with 50.9% (25/53) in lanreotide 40 mg PR group (ITT). Safety profiles were similar in both treatment groups.

Conclusions

Lanreotide autogel was non-inferior to lanreotide 40 mg PR in Chinese patients with active acromegaly after 32 weeks of treatment.

Trial registration

Retrospectively registered on ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02493517 (9 July 2015); prospectively registered on chinadrugtrials.org.cn: CTR20140698 (24 October 2014).
The potential of mobile health clinics in chronic disease prevention and health promotion in universal healthcare systems. An on-field experiment
Authors: Bertoncello Chiara , Cocchio Silvia , Fonzo Marco , Bennici Silvia Eugenia , Russo Francesca , Putoto Giovanni
Published: May 2020

Background

Mobile health clinics (MHCs) are recognized to facilitate access to healthcare services, especially in disadvantaged populations. Notwithstanding that in Europe a wide-ranging background in mobile screening units for cancer is shared, evidences about MHCs targeting also at other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in universal health coverage systems are scarce. The aim of this study was to describe the population attracted with a MHC initiative and to assess the potential of this tool in prevention and control of NCDs.

Methods

Our MHC was set up in a railway wagon. Standard body measurements, finger-stick glucose, total cholesterol and blood pressure were recorded. Participants were asked about smoking, physical activity, diet, compliance to national cancer screening programmes and ongoing pharmacological treatment. One-to-one counselling was then provided.

Results

Participants (n = 839) showed a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity, insufficient intake of vegetables, sedentary lifestyle, and a lower compliance to cancer screening compared with reference population. Our initiative attracted groups at higher risk, such as foreigners, men and people aged from 50 to 69. The proportion of newly diagnosed or uncontrolled disease exceeded 40% of participants for both hypertension and hypercholesterolemia (7% for diabetes). Adherence rate to counselling was 99.4%.

Conclusions

The MHC was effective in attracting hard-to-reach groups and individuals who may have otherwise gone undiagnosed. MHCs can play a complementary role also in universal coverage health systems, raising self-awareness of unreached population and making access to primary health care easier.
Assessing short-term impact of PM10 on mortality using a semiparametric generalized propensity score approach
Authors: Forastiere Laura , Carugno Michele , Baccini Michela
Published: May 2020

Background

The shape of the exposure-response curve describing the effects of air pollution on population health has crucial regulatory implications, and it is important in assessing causal impacts of hypothetical policies of air pollution reduction.

Methods

After having reformulated the problem of assessing the short-term impact of air pollution on health within the potential outcome approach to causal inference, we developed a method based on the generalized propensity score (GPS) to estimate the average dose-response function (aDRF) and quantify attributable deaths under different counterfactual scenarios of air pollution reduction. We applied the proposed approach to assess the impact of airborne particles with a diameter less than or equal to 10 μm (PM10) on deaths from natural, cardiovascular and respiratory causes in the city of Milan, Italy (2003-2006).

Results

As opposed to what is commonly assumed, the estimated aDRFs were not linear, being steeper for low-moderate values of exposure. In the case of natural mortality, the curve became flatter for higher levels; this behavior was less pronounced for cause-specific mortality. The effect was larger in days characterized by higher temperature. According to the curves, we estimated that a hypothetical intervention able to set the daily exposure levels exceeding 40 μg/m3 to exactly 40 would have avoided 1157 deaths (90%CI: 689, 1645) in the whole study period, 312 of which for respiratory causes and 771 for cardiovascular causes. These impacts were higher than those obtained previously from regression-based methods.

Conclusion

This novel method based on the GPS allowed estimating the average dose-response function and calculating attributable deaths, without requiring strong assumptions about the shape of the relationship. Its potential as a tool for investigating effect modification by temperature and its use in other environmental epidemiology contexts deserve further investigation.
Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have potent antitumor activity against prostate cancer cells through the upregulation of miR-16
Authors: Liao Guolong , Tang Jiani , Wang Di , Zuo Haoru , Zhang Qi , Liu Ying , Xiong Haiyun
Published: May 2020

Objectives

This research aimed to examine the antitumor mechanisms of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) specifically against prostate cancers.

Methods

The antitumor activities of SeNPs against cancer cells were determined via MTT assay. The cell cycle was determined by detecting the DNA content, and apoptosis was determined via annexin V-Fluos staining kit. The microRNA expressions in cancer cells were analyzed via microarray and qRT-PCR. The potential targets of miR-16 were identified via luciferase analysis and mRNA expression determination. miR-16 functions in cancer cells were explored via the transient transfection of miR-16 mimic or inhibitor.

Results

SeNPs were most potent in prostate cancer cells, regardless of whether or not they were androgen-dependent. Furthermore, SeNP stimulation can induce cell cycle arrest and the apoptosis enhancement of prostate cancer cells. Microarray and molecular mechanism studies demonstrated that miR-16 could directly target cyclin D1 and BCL-2 to mediate SeNP apoptosis enhancement. Results show that the serum selenium levels positively correlate with miR-16 expressions, and they correlate with the overall and disease-free survival rates.

Conclusion

These results signify the cytotoxic potential of SeNPs in prostate cancer treatment.
Cytochrome P450 1A1 enhances inflammatory responses and impedes phagocytosis of bacteria in macrophages during sepsis
Authors: Tian Li-Xing , Tang Xin , Zhu Jun-Yu , Luo Li , Ma Xiao-Yuan , Cheng Shao-Wen , Zhang Wei , Tang Wan-Qi , Ma Wei , Yang Xue , Lv Chuan-Zhu , Liang Hua-Ping
Published: May 2020

The hydroxylase cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) is regulated by the inflammation-limiting aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), but CYP1A1 immune functions remain unclear. We observed CYP1A1 overexpression in peritoneal macrophages (PMs) isolated from mice following LPS or heat-killedEscherichia. coli(E. coli) challenge. CYP1A1 overexpression augmented TNF-α and IL-6 production in RAW264.7 cells (RAW) by enhancing JNK/AP-1 signalling. CYP1A1 overexpression also promoted 12S-hydroxy-5Z,8Z,10E,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (12(S)-HETE) production in activated RAW, while a 12(S)-HETE antibody attenuated and 12(S)-HETE alone induced inflammatory responses. Macrophages harbouring hydroxylase-deficient CYP1A1 demonstrated reduced 12(S)-HETE generation and LPS-induced TNF-α/IL-6 secretion. CYP1A1 overexpression also impaired phagocytosis of bacteria via decreasing the expression of scavenger receptor A (SR-A) in PMs. Mice injected with CYP1A1-overexpressing PMs were more susceptible to CLP- orE. coli-induced mortality and bacteria invading, while Rhapontigenin, a selective CYP1A1 inhibitor, improved survival and bacteria clearance of mice in sepsis. CYP1A1 and 12(S)-HETE were also elevated in monocytes and plasma of septic patients and positively correlated with SOFA scores. Macrophage CYP1A1 disruption could be a promising strategy for treating sepsis.

Graphical abstract
Comparison of the accuracy of different impression procedures in case of multiple and angulated implants
Authors: Richi M. Wafa , Kurtulmus-Yilmaz Sevcan , Ozan Oguz
Published: May 2020

Background

There is no consensus in the literature regarding the impression procedures in the presence of multiple and angulated implants.

Methods

Three maxillary master models with 6 implants bilaterally positioned in anterior, premolar and molar regions were fabricated. In model 1, all implants were placed in parallel; in models 2 and 3, anterior implants were buccally inclined and posterior implants were distally inclined in 10- and 20-degrees, respectively. Three different impression copings (hexed, non-hex, multi-unit) and two different impression techniques (splinting and non-splinting) were tested. A total of 180 impressions (n = 10 per group) were made using mono-phase vinyl poly-siloxane. Master models and duplicate casts were scanned by a 5-axis laboratory scanner and data were transferred to a software program for the alignment of master and duplicate copings. Coronal and angular deviations were calculated, and data were statistically analyzed.

Results

For angulated models, the lowest deviation values were detected at the splinted non-hex coping group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Implant angulation, impression coping type, and splinting the impression copings had significant effects on the accuracy of impressions.

Trial registration

Not applicable.
Oligometastasis and local ablation in the era of systemic targeted and immunotherapy
Authors: Mazzola Rosario , Jereczek-Fossa Barbara Alicja , Franceschini Davide , Tubin Slavisa , Filippi Andrea Riccardo , Tolia Maria , Lancia Andrea , Minniti Giuseppe , Corradini Stefanie , Arcangeli Stefano , Scorsetti Marta , Alongi Filippo
Published: May 2020

Background

During these last years, new agents have dramatically improved the survival of the metastatic patients. Oligometastases represent a continuous field of interest in which the integration of metastases-directed therapy and drugs could further improve the oncologic outcomes.

Herein a narrative review is performed regarding the main rationale in combining immunotherapy and target therapies with SBRT looking at the available clinical data in case of oligometastatic NSCLC, Melanoma and Kidney cancer.

Material and method

Narrative Review regarding retrospective and prospective studies published between January 2009 to November 2019 with at least 20 patients analyzed.

Results

Concerning the combination between SBRT and Immunotherapy, the correct sequence of remains uncertain, and seems to be drug-dependent. The optimal patients’ selection is crucial to expect substantial benefits to SBRT/Immunotherapy combination and, among several factors. A potential field of interest is represented by the so-called oligoprogressed disease, in which SBRT could improve the long-term efficacy of the existing target therapy.

Conclusions

A low tumor burden seems to be the most relevant, thus making the oligometastatic disease represent the ideal setting for the use of combination therapies with immunological drugs.
Associations between the depressive symptoms, subjective cognitive function, and presenteeism of Japanese adult workers: a cross-sectional survey study
Authors: Toyoshima Kuniyoshi , Inoue Takeshi , Shimura Akiyoshi , Masuya Jiro , Ichiki Masahiko , Fujimura Yota , Kusumi Ichiro
Published: May 2020

Background

Presenteeism has attracted much attention in the research into mental health. However, how cognitive complaints and depressive symptoms affect presenteeism remains unknown. Therefore, this study examined the correlation between subjective cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms, and work limitations.

Methods

We collected data from 477 adult workers in Japan. We evaluated subjective cognitive function using the Cognitive Complaints in Bipolar Disorder Rating Assessment (COBRA), depressive symptoms with the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), and work limitations with the Work Limitations Questionnaire 8 (WLQ-8). The relations between depressive symptoms, cognitive complaints, and work limitations were examined using Spearman’s rank correlations and multiple regression analysis. It was hypothesized that cognitive complaints would mediate the effects of depressive symptoms on work productivity loss, which was tested using path analysis.

Results

The results indicated that cognitive complaints were significantly correlated with work limitations and depressive symptoms. Multiple regression analysis, using the WLQ-8 productivity loss score as the dependent variable, revealed that COBRA and PHQ-9 scores were significant predictors of work productivity loss. We performed path analysis using PHQ-9, COBRA, and WLQ-8 productivity loss scores and created a path diagram, which revealed that the direct effects of both depressive symptoms and cognitive dysfunction on work productivity loss were statistically significant. Moreover, depressive symptoms indirectly affected work productivity loss through subjective cognitive impairment. There was no significant interaction effect between depressive symptoms and cognitive complaints.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that work limitations may be predicted by not only depressive symptoms but also cognitive complaints. Moreover, subjective cognitive impairment may mediate the effect of depressive symptoms on presenteeism among adult workers.
Pathways towards scaling up Problem Management Plus in Turkey: a theory of change workshop
Authors:   on behalf of the STRENGTHS consortium, Fuhr Daniela C. , Acarturk Ceren , Uygun Ersin , McGrath Michael , Ilkkursun Zeynep , Kaykha Sadaf , Sondorp Egbert , Sijbrandij Marit , Ventevogel Peter , Cuijpers Pim , Roberts Bayard
Published: May 2020

Background

A considerable evidence base has been produced in recent years highlighting the effectiveness of brief scalable psychological interventions for people living in communities exposed to adversity. However, practical guidance on how to scale up these interventions to wider populations does not exist. In this paper we report on the use of Theory of Change (ToC) to plan the scale up of the World Health Organization’s flagship low intensity psychological intervention “Problem Management Plus” (PM+) for Syrian refugees in Turkey.

Methods

We conducted a one-day ToC workshop in Istanbul. ToC is a participatory planning process used in the development, implementation and evaluation of projects. It is similar to driver diagrams or logic models in that it offers a tool to visually present the components needed to reach a desired long-term outcome or impact. The overall aim of ToC is to understand the change process of a complex intervention and to map out causal pathways through which an intervention or strategy has an effect.

Results

Twenty-four stakeholders (including governmental officials, mental health providers, officials from international/national non-governmental organisations, conflict and health researchers) participated in the ToC workshop. A ToC map was produced identifying three key elements of scaling up (the resource team; the innovation and the health system; and the user organisation) which are represented in three distinct causal pathways. Context-specific barriers related to the health system and the political environment were identified, and possible strategies for overcoming these challenges were suggested.

Conclusion

ToC is a valuable methodology to develop an integrated framework for scaling up. The results highlight that the scaling up of PM+ for Syrian refugees in Turkey needs careful planning and investment from different stakeholders at the national level. Our paper provides a theoretical foundation of the scaling up of PM+, and exemplifies for the first time the use of ToC in planning the scaling up of an evidence-based psychological intervention in global mental health.
Toxoplasma gondii infection in slaughtered pigs and cattle in Poland: seroprevalence, molecular detection and characterization of parasites in meat
Authors: Sroka Jacek , Karamon Jacek , Wójcik-Fatla Angelina , Piotrowska Weronika , Dutkiewicz Jacek , Bilska-Zając Ewa , Zając Violetta , Kochanowski Maciej , Dąbrowska Joanna , Cencek Tomasz
Published: May 2020

Background

Toxoplasma gondii infection may pose a severe medical problem especially in a congenital form and as an acquired infection in immunocompromised persons. Raw and undercooked meat of slaughtered animals is regarded as an important source of parasite infection; however, data concerning this issue in Poland are still insufficient. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of T. gondii infection in pigs and cattle slaughtered for human consumption in Poland using serological and molecular methods.

Methods

Sera of 3111 pigs and 2411 cattle from 16 regions (voivodeships) of the country were examined for the presence of anti-T. gondii IgG using the direct agglutination test (DAT). Pepsin-digested samples of diaphragm and heart of seropositive animals were examined for the presence of T. gondii DNA (B1 gene) by nested PCR and real-time PCR, while non-digested samples were only examined by nested PCR. The B1 gene DNA samples were genotyped at 11 genetic markers using multilocus nested PCR-RFLP (Mn-PCR-RFLP) and sequencing.

Results

Seropositive DAT results were found in 11.9% of pigs and 13.0% of cattle. The highest seroprevalence was found in pigs from Podkarpackie (32.6%) and in cattle from Mazowieckie (44.6%). Data analysis showed that cattle > 5–10 years-old, as well as cattle and pigs from small farms, and pigs from farms with open production systems, had higher odds of testing seropositive (P < 0.05). Among the examined tissue samples, positive PCR results were found in samples from 12.2% and 10.2% of seropositive pigs and cattle, respectively. Among the samples successfully genotyped by Mn-PCR-RFLP and sequenced, four samples were identified as T. gondii type II and one sample as type I.

Conclusions

The presence of T. gondii antibodies in a substantial proportion of examined pigs and cattle as well as the detection of parasite DNA in their tissues highlight a potential health risk to the consumers in Poland.
Older adults and the disparity in oral health status; the problem and innovative ways to address it
Authors: Cardoso Elaine O. C. , Tenenbaum Howard C.
Published: May 2020

The impact of oral health inequalities on one’s ability to maintain good oral health is cumulative throughout life and accentuated in older age groups. While studies on factors influencing the decisions made by elders to seek dental care have been conducted in Israel and worldwide, the issue of access to and provision of dental care is complex. However, the need to address oral health issues is being voiced in high-level international meetings and there was never a better momentum to rethink the current oral health care delivery model beyond issues related solely to accessibility. Here we outline unique opportunities to ensure sustainable models of preventive services and oral health the effects of which would be amplified in concert with increases in the availability universal dental healthcare.
A focus on cross-purpose tools, automated recognition of study design in multiple disciplines, and evaluation of automation tools: a summary of significant discussions at the fourth meeting of the International Collaboration for Automation of Systematic Reviews (ICASR)
Authors: O’Connor Annette M. , Glasziou Paul , Taylor Michele , Thomas James , Spijker René , Wolfe Mary S.
Published: May 2020

The fourth meeting of the International Collaboration for Automation of Systematic Reviews (ICASR) was held 5–6 November 2019 in The Hague, the Netherlands. ICASR is an interdisciplinary group whose goal is to maximize the use of technology for conducting rapid, accurate, and efficient systematic reviews of scientific evidence. The group seeks to facilitate the development and acceptance of automated techniques for systematic reviews. In 2018, the major themes discussed were the transferability of automation tools (i.e., tools developed for other purposes that might be used by systematic reviewers), the automated recognition of study design in multiple disciplines and applications, and approaches for the evaluation of automation tools.
How to develop a meaningful radiomic signature for clinical use in oncologic patients
Authors: Papanikolaou Nikolaos , Matos Celso , Koh Dow Mu
Published: May 2020

During the last decade, there is an increasing usage of quantitative methods in Radiology in an effort to reduce the diagnostic variability associated with a subjective manner of radiological interpretation. Combined approaches where visual assessment made by the radiologist is augmented by quantitative imaging biomarkers are gaining attention. Advances in machine learning resulted in the rise of radiomics that is a new methodology referring to the extraction of quantitative information from medical images. Radiomics are based on the development of computational models, referred to as “Radiomic Signatures”, trying to address either unmet clinical needs, mostly in the field of oncologic imaging, or to compare radiomics performance with that of radiologists. However, to explore this new technology, initial publications did not consider best practices in the field of machine learning resulting in publications with questionable clinical value. In this paper, our effort was concentrated on how to avoid methodological mistakes and consider critical issues in the workflow of the development of clinically meaningful radiomic signatures.
Differentiating pregnancies near the uterotubal junction (angular, cornual, and interstitial): a review and recommendations
Authors: Finlinson Alex R. , Bollig Kassie J. , Schust Danny J.
Published: May 2020

Eccentrically located intracavitary pregnancies, which include pregnancies traditionally termed as cornual and/or angular, have long presented complex diagnostic and management challenges given their inherent relationship to interstitial ectopic pregnancies. This review uses the existing literature to discriminate among interstitial, cornual, and angular pregnancies. Current arguments propose the outright abandonment of the terms cornual and angular may be justified in favor of the singular term, eccentric pregnancy. Disparate definitions and diagnostic approaches have compromised the literature’s ability to precisely describe prognosis and ideal management practices for each of these types of pregnancies. Standardizing the classification of these pregnancies near the uterotubal junction is important to unify conservative, yet safe and effective management strategies. We advocate the use of early first trimester ultrasound to correctly differentiate between eccentric pregnancy and interstitial ectopic pregnancy as current research suggests substantially better outcomes with correctly diagnosed and expectantly managed eccentric pregnancies than past investigations may have shown. The expectant management of eccentric pregnancies will often result in a healthy term pregnancy, while interstitial ectopic pregnancies inherently have a poor likelihood of progressing to viability. When the terms and diagnosis of cornual, angular, and interstitial pregnancy are indistinct, there is substantial risk of intrauterine pregnancies to be inappropriately managed as ectopic pregnancies. Until we standardize terms and criteria, it will remain difficult, if not impossible, to determine true risk for pregnancy loss, preterm labor, abnormal placentation, and uterine or uterotubal rupture. The development of best practice guidelines will require standardized terminology and diagnostic techniques.
Resistance of flaxleaf fleabane (Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist) to glyphosate
Authors: Minati Mohammed Hussein , Preston Christopher , Malone Jenna
Published: May 2020

Background

Resistance to glyphosate has been reported in flaxleaf fleabane populations within a number of grain growing areas in southern Queensland and northern New South Wales and other cropping regions across Australia.

Results

To investigate the processes contributing to the evolution and spread of glyphosate-resistant flaxleaf fleabane, the resistant populations tested in dose-response experiments varied in their responses to glyphosate from two to eight times the recommended rate. The different dose responses obtained may indicate different mechanisms of resistance. This can possibly be attributed to an independent evolution of resistance.

Conclusion

The results demonstrate that glyphosate resistance is widespread across Australia and has likely evolved multiple times as well as dispersing by seeds.
Ultrasonography in diagnosis of appendicitis and its complications in pediatric patients: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hajalioghli Parisa , Mostafavi Soroush , Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari Mohammad
Published: May 2020

Background

Appendicitis is a common cause of acute abdomen in pediatrics. Although various criteria have been suggested in early diagnosis of appendicitis, these criteria are not as applicable for pediatric patients. Because of this, imaging has an important role in the diagnosis of appendicitis in pediatric patients. The present study was conducted on 121 pediatric patients with possible diagnosis of appendicitis. All of the patients underwent initial evaluation and then underwent sonographic imaging. Sonography was used to assess the existence of signs associated with appendicitis, or its complications. Imaging findings were compared in patients with complications with those with complications. True false positive, false negative, true positive, and true negative values were calculated. Sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography in determining appendicitis was evaluated.

Results

The mean age of children was 8.08 ± 3.25 years, with ages ranging from 3 to 14 years. Of the 121 children, 74(61.2%) were male and 47(38.8%) were female. In total, there were 3(2.4%) false positives and 2(1.6%) false negatives based on sonographic findings. There were also 54(44.6%) true positive and 62(51.2%) true negative based on sonographic findings. Based on the findings of ultrasound in this study, ultrasound sensitivity was 96.4%, specificity was 95.3%, positive predictive value was 94.7%, and negative predictive value was 96.8%.

Conclusion

Ultrasonography is indicated in the diagnosis of appendicitis in pediatric patients and has optimal sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis. Furthermore, it is a suitable diagnostic method for evaluating complications of appendicitis.
Comment on: “A skeptic's view of VVAz and AVAz” (N. Van De Coevering, K. Koster, and R. Holt, The Leading Edge, 39, no. 2, 128–134)
Authors: Mesdag Peter
Published: May 2020

Van De Coevering et al. (2020) recently published a paper using the SEAM Phase II Barrett model to perform velocity variation with azimuth (VVAz) and amplitude variation with azimuth (AVAz) analysis. Based on this work, they concluded that the outcome of these methods does not show a positive correlation with the properties of the reservoir bodies. Here we explain that, due to the design of the model, the data cannot be expected to show these correlations. We base our discussion on the model parameters as shown in Figure 1b from the published paper ( Figure 1 ).
Advanced oxidation protein products change biological behaviors of rats endometrial epithelial cells by activating ERK/P38 signaling pathways
Authors: Liu Jing , Wen Sixi , Lin Yanling , Yang Xiaoping , Liu Zebang , Quan Song , Song Yali
Published: May 2020

Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) are a family of oxidized protein compounds and could induce oxidative stress and inflammatory lesion in various cells. The accumulation of AOPPs was associated with female reproduction diseases such as PCOS, leiomyoma and endometriosis. However, the relationship between AOPPs and the endometrial cells is unclear. To explore the effects accumulated AOPPs on endometrial cells, we treated normal rats endometrial epithelial cells (rEECs) and endometriosis model rats with AOPP. Primary rEECs were collected from 8-weeks-old female Wistar rats. Increasing the amount of AOPPs in the media of rEECs could enhanced rEECs proliferation and migration, and inhibited apoptosis. Moreover, AOPPs triggered the production of reactive oxygen species and nitrite by ERK and P38 signal and this, in turn, led to an upregulation of proliferation and migration. With the treatment of antioxidants or the inhibitors of ERK and P38, the above effects of AOPPs on rEECs were attenuated. Additionally, in endometriosis rats model, the similar phenomena was observed that the growth of endometriotic implants were promoted by AOPPs and EECs were significantly increased. This study indicated that the accumulation of AOPPs could promote rEECs proliferation and migration through ERK and P38 signal both in vivo and in vitro.
RNA-seq analysis and compound screening highlight multiple signalling pathways regulating secondary cell death after acute CNS injuryin vivo
Authors: Herzog Chiara , Greenald David , Larraz Juan , Keatinge Marcus , Herrgen Leah
Published: May 2020

Understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate secondary cell death after acute central nervous system (CNS) injury is critical for the development of effective neuroprotective drugs. Previous research has shown that neurotoxic processes including excitotoxicity, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation can cause secondary cell death. Nevertheless, clinical trials targeting these processes have been largely unsuccessful, suggesting that the signalling pathways underlying secondary cell death remain incompletely understood. Due to their suitability for live imaging and their amenability to genetic and pharmacological manipulation, larval zebrafish provide an ideal platform for studying the regulation of secondary cell death in vivo. Here, we use RNA-seq gene expression profiling and compound screening to identify signalling pathways that regulate secondary cell death after acute neural injury in larval zebrafish. RNA-seq analysis of genes upregulated in cephalic mpeg1+ macrophage-lineage cells isolated from mpeg1:GFP transgenic larvae after neural injury suggested an involvement of cytokine and polyamine signalling in secondary cell death. Furthermore, screening a library of FDA approved compounds indicated roles for GABA, serotonin and dopamine signalling. Overall, our results highlight multiple signalling pathways that regulate secondary cell death in vivo, and thus provide a starting point for the development of novel neuroprotective treatments for patients with CNS injury.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the two first authors of the paper.
Changes in Firefighter Weight and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors over Five Years
Authors: MATHIAS KEVIN C. , BODE EMILIE D. , STEWART DONALD F. , SMITH DENISE L.
Published: May 2020

Purpose

This study aimed to assess changes in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in firefighters who lost, maintained, or gained weight over 5 yr.

Methods

Anthropometrics and biomarkers of CVD were measured during two occupational medical exams 4.8 yr apart in 656 career firefighters. Weight change subgroups were loss (decrease of >3% body weight), stable (within ±3% body weight), and gain (increase of >3% body weight). Changes in CVD risk factors in the total sample and within weight change subgroups were tested for statistical significance using paired t-tests.

Results

After 5 yr, 12% of the sample lost weight, 38% maintained weight, and 50% gained weight. Firefighters on average had significant increases (P < 0.001) in body weight (2.5 ± 0.2 kg), body mass index (0.8 ± 0.1 kg·m−2), total cholesterol (5.5 ± 1.4 mg·dL−1), LDL cholesterol (5.2 ± 1.2 mg·dL−1), and blood glucose (2.1 ± 0.5 mg·dL−1). Firefighters who gained weight (6.6 ± 0.2 kg) had significant increases (P < 0.001) in total cholesterol (12.9 ± 1.8 mg·dL−1), LDL cholesterol (11.1 ± 1.6 mg·dL−1), and blood glucose (2.9 ± 0.7 mg·dL−1) with a significant decrease (P ≤ 0.01) in HDL cholesterol (−1.3 ± 0.4 mg·dL−1). Firefighters who lost weight (−7.2 ± 0.5 kg) had significant decreases (P < 0.05) in total cholesterol (−8.5 ± 3.9 mg·dL−1), LDL cholesterol (−6.7 ± 3.3 mg·dL−1), and blood pressure (systolic: −5.3 ± 1.3 mm Hg; diastolic −4.2 ± 1.0 mm Hg) with a significant increase (P < 0.05) in HDL cholesterol (2.3 ± 1.0 mg·dL−1).

Conclusions

Although improvements in cardiovascular health among firefighters who lost weight were found, 50% of the sample gained weight with adverse changes in measures of cardiovascular health. Given that sudden cardiac death is the most common cause of duty-related death among firefighters, with increased risk among obese firefighters, the amount of weight gain and the adverse changes in cardiovascular health suggest the need for improvements in health promotion programs for firefighters in the United States.
Fusão internacional no mercado de serviços oftálmicos e óticos
Authors: Burnier da Silveira Conselheiro Paulo
Published: May 2020

International Fusion In The Ophthalmic And Optical Services Market
Possibilidade de policiais militares lavrarem termos circunstanciados de ocorrência
Authors: Bentes Corrêa Conselheiro Lelio
Published: May 2020

Possibility Of Military Police Plough Circumstantial Terms Of Occurrence
Species composition and distribution of Medusae (Cnidaria: medusozoa) in the Algerian coast between 2°e and 7°e (SW Mediterranean Sea)
Authors: KHERCHOUCHE ALDJIA , HAFFERSSAS AZIZ
Published: May 2020

The composition and abundance distribution of the Medusae community of the Algerian coast (between 2°E to 7°E) were investigated during autumn 2014. Zooplankton sampling was performed in the upper layer (0-100 m) at 14 stations. Fourteen species related to Hydromedusae and Scyphomedusae were identified. The Hydromedusae populations were represented by Leptomedusae (5 species), Narcomedusae (3 species), Trachymedusae (3 species) and Anthomedusae (2 species). Some species such as Cirrholovenia tetranema and Cunina globosa were newly recorded at the sampling areas. The total abundance of Medusae was under 10 individuals.m-3. Maxima of concentrations (> 4 ind.m-3) were localized at the central coast between Bou Ismail (2.6° E) and Algiers (3.2° E) Bays. Here, the populations of Aglaura hemistoma and Liriope tetraphylla were dominant (≈ 40%). A quantitative variability was showed between two populations groups (Liriope tetraphylla) and (Pelagia noctiluca and Rhopalonema velatum) characterized respectively the central region and the eastern region. Their distributions were analyzed in relation to environmental parameters (temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll-a) and the interaction with Copepods prey.
Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of nutrition standards for school food: a mixed methods systematic review protocol
Authors: O'Mahony Breda , Kerins Claire , Murrin Celine , Kelly Colette
Published: May 2020

Background: The importance of nutrition during childhood and the high prevalence of child and adolescence obesity has resulted in several countries implementing nutritional standards for school food as a way of providing healthy school food environments. Yet there has been less focus on the barriers and facilitators influencing the process of implementing school food standards. This mixed methods systematic review aims to address this evidence gap by synthesising the empirical evidence on the factors that may influence implementation of school food standards.

Methods: This mixed methods systematic review will use qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods evidence from peer reviewed publications retrieved from the following databases; PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Web of Science. Grey literature will be accessed through Google Scholar, Open Access Theses and Dissertations, OpenGrey, RIAN, EThOS, ProQuest, WorldCat, Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, and public health organisation websites will also be accessed. Screening reference lists and citation chaining of all included studies will also be undertaken. No restrictions on publication date or language will be applied, however, only primary research studies relevant to supply-side stakeholders will be eligible for inclusion. Study quality will be assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Study titles and abstracts will be screened to decide whether the full text manuscript should be retrieved. For screening reliability, a second review author will assess a random sample of 20%. Kappa statistics will be used to assess inter-rater reliability, with values of 0.75 and higher representing high agreement. Two authors will independently extract data and factors reported to influence implementation. This will be synthesized using the Theoretical Domains Framework.

Discussion: A comprehensive understanding of these factors can provide guidance to relevant stakeholders to enhance the adaption, implementation and sustainability of nutrition standards for school meals.

Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42019117904
O IMPÉRIO DA REPRESENTAÇÃO: A VIRADA CULTURAL E A GEOGRAFIA
Authors: Pedrosa Breno Viotto
Published: May 2020

Visamos, neste artigo, demonstrar como a ascensão da pós-modernidade e da chamada virada cultural mudaram muitos aspectos teóricos das ciências humanas, em um nítido movimento de afastamento de algumas premissas do marxismo, provocando transformações importantes na geografia cultural. Veremos que se reafirma a perspectiva de que a cultura é algo móvel e indefinível em detrimento de visões que encontravam essências imutáveis para cultura, que serviam muitas vezes com instrumento de dominação social. Para isso, comparamos o pensamento de Harvey e Jameson sobre a pós-modernidade, bem como algumas elaborações de Duncan e Mitchell sobre a nova geografia cultural. Finalmente, oferecemos algumas críticas aos pontos estabelecidos no debate incorporado pela nova geografia cultural.
CARTOGRAFIA, ARTE E VISÕES DE MUNDO NA REPRODUÇÃO DO “MAPA INVERTIDO DA AMÉRICA DO SUL”
Authors: Monteiro Carla Sales
Published: May 2020

O “Mapa Invertido da América do Sul” é um reconhecido exemplo do que chamamos de mapa artísticos. Primeiro, por ser um mapa que não foi feito pelos cânones da ciência cartográfica, mas pelas mãos de um artista uruguaio, chamado Torres-García, em 1943. Segundo, porque sua apropriação cartográfica compõem o famoso redirecionamento da ponta da América do Sul para o topo da imagem. Terceiro, por ser bastante reproduzido em diversos contextos até os dias atuais. Instigado por essas características da obra, o presente texto tem por objetivo compreender os diversos contextos que reproduzem esse mapa e contribuem com a permanência de sua expressividade artística e discursiva. Para tanto, é necessário discutir as diversas visões de mundo que podem ser expressas em um mapa artístico que inverte a orientação convencional da América do Sul, o que será feito através das relações entre cartografia, arte e geografia.