bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temperature Manipulation in Songbird Brain Implicates the Premotor Nucleus HVC in Birdsong Syntax
Authors: Zhang Yisi S. , Wittenbach Jason D. , Jin Dezhe Z. , Kozhevnikov Alexay A.
Published: February 2017

Variable motor sequences of animals are often structured and can be described by probabilistic transition rules between action elements. Examples include the songs of many songbird species such as the Bengalese finch, which consist of stereotypical syllables sequenced according to probabilistic rules (song syntax). The neural mechanisms behind such rules are poorly understood. Here, we investigate where the song syntax is encoded in the brain of the Bengalese finch by rapidly and reversibly manipulating the temperature in the song production pathway. Cooling the premotor nucleus HVC (proper name) slows down the song tempo, consistent with the idea that HVC controls moment-to-moment timings of acoustic features in the syllables. More importantly, cooling HVC alters the transition probabilities between syllables. Cooling HVC reduces the number of repetitions of long-repeated syllables and increases the randomness of syllable sequences. In contrast, cooling the downstream motor area RA (robust nucleus of the acropallium), which is critical for singing, does not affect the song syntax. Unilateral cooling of HVC shows that control of syllables is mostly lateralized to the left HVC, whereas transition probabilities between the syllables can be affected by cooling HVC in either hemisphere to varying degrees. These results show that HVC is a key site for encoding song syntax in the Bengalese finch. HVC is thus involved both in encoding timings within syllables and in sequencing probabilistic transitions between syllables. Our finding suggests that probabilistic selections and fine-grained timings of action elements can be integrated within the same neural circuits.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMany animal behaviors such as birdsong consist of variable sequences of discrete actions. Where and how the probabilistic rules of such sequences are encoded in the brain is poorly understood. We locally and reversibly cooled brain areas in songbirds during singing. Mild cooling of area HVC in the Bengalese finch brain—a premotor area homologous to the mammalian premotor cortex—alters the statistics of the syllable sequences, suggesting that HVC is critical for birdsong sequences. HVC is also known for controlling moment-to-moment timings within syllables. Our results show that timing and probabilistic sequencing of actions can share the same neural circuits in local brain areas.
Symbolic Meaning of Drama “Perlawanan Diponegoro”
Authors: Sahid Nur , Susantina Sukatmi , Septiawan Nicko
Published: February 2017

Study on Drama entitled “Perlawanan Diponegoro” or “Diponegoro Insurrection” by Lephen Purwanto is aiming at deeply digging the semiotic meanings attached to it. This study employed Keir Elam’s theatrical semiotics as the approach, while Krippendorf’s content analysis was implemented as the method of study. Citing from Krippendorf, content analysis is a method that is particularly develop to study symbolical phenomena with a major purpose that is to dig and reveal other examined phenomena, comprising content, meaning, and essential element of a literary work.
The Impact of Tayub Exploitation on The Tradition and Life of Javanese Society
Authors: Noordiana Noordiana , Juwariyah Anik , Inda Fithriyah
Published: February 2017

This study is aiming at finding out the impact of Tayub exploitation on the tradition and life of Javanese society. Research approach implemented in this study was qualitative. In addition, the research technique employed was interview, observation, documentation, and literary study. Results show that the new form of Tayub diminishes the structure of feminism, neglects simplicity, gentleness and spontaneity that are supposed to be part of Tayub dance. The movement of dance, music, and costume are also changed into a total different form, compared with the genuine version of Tayub dance. These major changes do not only bring negative impacts on the dance structure, but also change the society’s mindset and behavior. People living in the countryside part of Java have lost their control towards customs’ regulation and a philosophy that used to be held tightly by them.
Glycosylation is a global target for androgen control in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Munkley Jennifer
Published: February 2017

Changes in glycan composition are common in cancer and can play important roles in all of the recognised hallmarks of cancer. We recently identified glycosylation as a global target for androgen control in prostate cancer cells and further defined a set of 8 glycosylation enzymes (GALNT7, ST6GalNAc1, GCNT1, UAP1, PGM3, CSGALNACT1, ST6GAL1 and EDEM3), which are also significantly upregulated in prostate cancer tissue. These 8 enzymes are under direct control of the androgen receptor (AR) and are linked to the synthesis of important cancer-associated glycans such as sialyl-Tn (sTn), sialyl LewisX (SLeX), O-GlcNAc and chondroitin sulfate. Glycosylation has a key role in many important biological processes in cancer including cell adhesion, migration, interactions with the cell matrix, immune surveillance, cell signalling and cellular metabolism. Our results suggest that alterations in patterns of glycosylation via androgen control might modify some or all of these processes in prostate cancer. The prostate is an abundant secretor of glycoproteins of all types, and alterations in glycans are, therefore, attractive as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Emerging data on these often overlooked glycan modifications have the potential to improve risk stratification and therapeutic strategies in patients with prostate cancer.
A Temporal Perspective on the Interplay of Demography and Selection on Deleterious Variation in Humans
Authors: Koch Evan , Novembre John
Published: February 2017

When mutations have small effects on fitness, population size plays an important role in determining the amount and nature of deleterious genetic variation. The extent to which recent population size changes have impacted deleterious variation in humans has been a question of considerable interest and debate. An emerging consensus is that the Out-of-Africa bottleneck and subsequent growth events have been too short to cause meaningful differences in genetic load between populations; though changes in the number and average frequencies of deleterious variants have taken place. To provide more support for this view and to offer additional insight into the divergent evolution of deleterious variation across populations, we numerically solve time-inhomogeneous diffusion equations and study the temporal dynamics of the frequency spectra in models of population size change for modern humans. We observe how the response to demographic change differs by the strength of selection, and we then assess whether similar patterns are observed in exome sequence data from 33,370 and 5203 individuals of non-Finnish European and West African ancestry, respectively. Our theoretical results highlight how even simple summaries of the frequency spectrum can have complex responses to demographic change. These results support the finding that some apparent discrepancies between previous results have been driven by the behaviors of the precise summaries of deleterious variation. Further, our empirical results make clear the difficulty of inferring slight differences in frequency spectra using recent next-generation sequence data.
Comparative Transcriptomics of Malaria Mosquito Testes: Function, Evolution, and Linkage
Authors: Cassone Bryan J , Kay Raissa G G , Daugherty Matthew P , White Bradley J
Published: February 2017

Testes-biased genes evolve rapidly and are important in the establishment, solidification, and maintenance of reproductive isolation between incipient species. The Anopheles gambiae complex, a group of at least eight isomorphic mosquito species endemic to Sub-Saharan Africa, is an excellent system to explore the evolution of testes-biased genes. Within this group, the testes are an important tissue in the diversification process because hybridization between species results in sterile hybrid males, but fully fertile females. We conducted RNA sequencing of A. gambiae and A. merus carcass and testes to explore tissue- and species-specific patterns of gene expression. Our data provides support for transcriptional repression of X-linked genes in the male germline, which likely drives demasculinization of the X chromosome. Testes-biased genes predominately function in cellular differentiation and show a number of interesting patterns indicative of their rapid evolution, including elevated dN/dS values, low evolutionary conservation, poor annotation in existing reference genomes, and a high likelihood of differential expression between species.
Requirements for Driving Antipathogen Effector Genes into Populations of Disease Vectors by Homing
Authors: Beaghton Andrea , Hammond Andrew , Nolan Tony , Crisanti Andrea , Godfray H Charles J , Burt Austin
Published: February 2017

There is a need for new interventions against the ongoing burden of vector-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue. One suggestion has been to develop genes encoding effector molecules that block parasite development within the vector, and then use the nuclease-based homing reaction as a form of gene drive to spread those genes through target populations. If the effector gene reduces the fitness of the mosquito and does not contribute to the drive, then loss-of-function mutations in the effector will eventually replace functional copies, but protection may nonetheless persist sufficiently long to provide a public health benefit. Here, we present a quantitative model allowing one to predict the duration of protection as a function of the probabilities of different molecular processes during the homing reaction, various fitness effects, and the efficacy of the effector in blocking transmission. Factors that increase the duration of protection include reducing the frequency of pre-existing resistant alleles, the probability of nonrecombinational DNA repair, the probability of homing-associated loss of the effector, the fitness costs of the nuclease and effector, and the completeness of parasite blocking. For target species that extend over an area much larger than the typical dispersal distance, the duration of protection is expected to be highest at the release site, and decrease away from there, eventually falling to zero, as effector-less drive constructs replace effector-containing ones. We also model an alternative strategy of using the nuclease to target an essential gene, and then linking the effector to a sequence that restores the essential function and is resistant to the nuclease. Depending upon parameter values, this approach can prolong the duration of protection. Our models highlight the key design criteria needed to achieve a desired level of public health benefit.
BEBERAPAASPEKBIOLOGI IKAN SEMBILANG(Plotosus canius) DI PERAIRANESTUARIABANYUASIN, SUMATERASELATAN
Authors: Fatah Khoirul , Asyari Asyari
Published: February 2017

Ikan sembilang (Plotosus canius) merupakan salah satu sumber daya ikan di perairan estuaria, Kabupaten Banyuasin, Sumatera Selatan. Penelitian beberapa aspek biologi ikan sembilang dilakukan pada bulanApril sampai Juli 2007. Contoh ikan diperoleh dari nelayan yang menangkap dengan alat tangkap belad dan rawai dasar. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan ratio kelamin jantan terhadap betina yaitu 1:2. Organisme yang ditemukan dalamsaluran pencernaan terdiri atas lima jenis yaitu potongan kepiting, udang, ikan, cacing, dan keong, sehingga ikan sembilang dapat digolongkan sebagai ikan karnivora. Pola pertumbuhan ikan sembilang bersifat isometrik (b=3), berartipertumbuhan panjang seiring dengan pertumbuhan bobot. Kelompok ukuran panjang ikan sembilang tertangkapdidominansi oleh ukuran panjang antara 25,1-30,1 cm. Eeltailed catfish (Plotasus canius) is one of the fish resources in the estuarine waters of Banyuasin South Sumatera. Research on some biological aspect of Plotosus canius was conducted from April to July 2007. Fishes were caught by fishermen using barrier traps and bottom long line. The results show that the sex ratio of male to female was 1:2. Organisms found in the digestive tract consists of five types crabs, shrimp, fish, worms, and snails. Thus eeltailed catfish can be classified as a carnivorous fish. The constant (=b) of length weight relationship of Plotosus canius was 3 (t-test) suggesting this species was length increment as fast as weight increment. Based on total length size group measured, fish dominontly caught in length of 25.1-30.1 cm.
PRODUKTIVITAS PRIMERFITOPLANKTONDI SITUPANJALU, KABUPATENCIAMIS, JAWABARAT
Authors: Warsa Andri , Purnomo Kunto
Published: February 2017

Situ Panjalu merupakan badan air yang secara administratif terdapat di Kabupaten Ciamis, Jawa Barat dengan luas 45 ha. Produktivitas primer adalah laju produksi karbon organik per satuan waktu pada suatu ekosistem akuatik yangmerupakan hasil penangkapan energimatahari oleh tumbuhan hijau untuk diubahmenjadi energi kimia melalui fotosintesis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui produktivitas primer fitoplankton di Situ Panjalu. Penelitian di lakukan pada bulanAgustus 2010. Pengukuran produktivitas primer fitoplankton horisontal dilakukan pada tiga stasiun penelitian yaitu Kampung Duku, BanjarWaru, dan Simpar sedangkan secara vertikal pada kedalaman 0,5 m(permukaan) dan 2 mdenganmetode botol gelap dan terang. Hasil penelitian inimenunjukan bahwa Situ Panjalu merupakan perairan yang subur (eutrofik dan hipertrofik) dengan nilai produktivitas primerkotor, bersih, dan respirasi masing-masing berkisar antara 47,1-207,8; 2,2-193,8; dan 9,4-173,3 mgC/m3/jam.Kelimpahan individu fitoplankton berkisar 1.006-437.610 ind./L dengan genera yang banyak ditemukan adalah genera Closterium dari kelas Chlorophyceae, genera Oscillatoria dari kelas Cyanophycea, dan genera Peridinium dari kelas Dinophyceae. Panjalu Pond located at Ciamis Regency,West Java Province with area is 45 ha. Primary productivity represents the synthesis of organic matter of aquatic system. The aim of this research to know primary productivity of phytoplankton at Panjalu Pond. This research was done in August 2010 at 3 stations include Kampung Duku, BanjarWaru, and Simpar. Sampling site was at 2 in depth that were surface (0.5 m) and 2 m. Sampling method was done with dark light bottlemethod. Result of the research showed that Panjalu Pondwas eutrophic and hypereutrophic level with gross primary productivity, net primary productivity, and respiration respectively range from 47.1- 207.8; 2.2-193.8; and 9.4-173.3 mgC/m3/h. Abundance of phytoplankton range from 1,006-437,610 ind./L with dominant genera Closterium from class Chlorophyceae, genera Oscillatoria from class Cyanophycea, and genera Peridinium from class Dinophyceae.
BENTUKPERTUMBUHANKARANGDAERAHTERTUTUP DANTERBUKADI PERAIRAN SEKITARPULAU PAMEGARAN, TELUKJAKARTA
Authors: Panggabean Anthony Sisco , Setiadji Bram
Published: February 2017

Lingkungan perairan dapat membedakan bentuk pertumbuhan karang. Untukmengetahui bentuk pertumbuhan karang pada dua lingkungan perairan karang yang berbeda di perairan sekitar Pulau Pamegaran Teluk Jakarta menggunakanmetode life form transek (line intercept transec). Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulanMei sampai Juli 2005. Hasil pengamatan menunjukan bahwa genus karang yang mendominansi adalah Acropora, Porites, dan Montipora dengan bentuk pertumbuhan karang bercabang dan karang batu ataumasif.Adaptasi bentuk pertumbuhan karang yang dominan pada daerah tertutup (leeward) yaitu bercabang dan genus dominan Acropora. Pada daerah terbuka (windward) bentuk pertumbuhan karang yang dominan yaitu karang batu dari genus Porites. Kondisi substrat di sekitar perairan terbuka di bagian utara Pulau Pamegaran terdiri atas pasir (medium sand) dan di perairan tertutup bagian timur kerikil (pebble) dan pecahan karang mati (rubble). Marine envinronment can make the bend of coral shape were different in the certain areas. Line intercept transec was used to study live coral cover in the waters around of Pamegaran Island, Jakarta Bay. The research was done inMay until July 2005. The results showed that Acropora, Porites, and Montipora were dominat with the bend of coral shape branching and massive. Adaptation of the bend of coral shape in leeward was branching with the dominat genera Acropora.Meanwhile, in the windward area the dominat genera was Porites with bend of coral shape massive. Substrat condition in leeward ares at Pamegaran Island wre dominated by medium sand and the winward areas were dominated by pebble and rubble
BEBERAPAASPEKBIOLOGI IKANKUNIRAN (Upeneus sulphureus) DI PERAIRANTEGALDANSEKITARNYA
Authors: Kembaren Duranta Diandria , Ernawati Tri
Published: February 2017

Ikan kuniran (Upeneus sulphureus)merupakan salah satu ikan demersal dari familiMullidae banyak tertangkap di perairan Laut Jawa. Penelitian ini tentang beberapa aspek biologi ikan kuniran di perairan Tegal dan sekitarnya dilakukan pada bulan Maret, April, dan Agustus 2009. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji beberapa aspek biologi ikan kuniran, seperti nisbah kelamin, sebaran frekuensi panjang, hubungan panjang dan bobot, tingkat kematangan gonad, panjang pertama kali matang gonad (length at first maturity), dan faktor kondisi. Ikan yangdiamati 358 ekor yang terdiri atas 170 jantan dan 188 betina. Perbandingan jumlah ikan jantan dan betinamenunjukanrasio kelamin yang tidak seimbang. Berdasarkan atas sebaran frekuensi panjang, ikan dengan panjang 9 cmFL mendominansi hasil tangkapan pada bulan Maret dan April dan pada bulan Agustus didominansi ikan dengan panjang 11 cmFL. Pertumbuhan ikan kuniran pada bulan Maret bersifat allometrik negatif, sedangkan pada bulan April danAgustus bersifat isometrik.Analisis tingkat kematangan gonad menunjukan bahwa pada bulan Agustus banyak ditemukan tingkat kematangan gonad I dan II dan pada bulanMaret banyak ditemukan tingkat kematangan gonad III dan IV. Ikan kuniran diduga pertama kali matang gonad pada ukuran panjang 9,87 cmFL. Faktor kondisi menunjukan tidak ada perbedaan antara bulan Maret, April, dan Agustus. The silver goatfish (Upeneus sulphureus) is demersal fish which caught excessively in the Java Sea and taxonomically belong to the family Mullidae. Some biological aspects of the silver goatfish in Tegal and adjacent waters were studied on March, April, and August in 2009. The objective of this research were to know some biological aspects, i.e. sex ratio, length frequency distribution, length weight relationship, gonad maturity stage, length at first maturity, and condition factor. A total of 358 fishes that consisted of 170 males and 188 females were examinated their biological aspects. The composition of male and female showed an unequal sex ratio. According to the lenght frequency distribution, the fishes of 9 cmFL were dominant onMarch and April, while on August was dominated by the fishes of 11 cmFL. The growth characteristic of the silver goatfish were allometric negative on March and isometric on April and August. Gonad maturity stage level 1 and 2 were dominant on August and level 3 and 4 onMarch. Lenght at first maturity (Lm) of silver goatfish were 9,87 cmFL. The condition factor showed that there is no difference on March, April, and August.
STUDITENTANGBIOLOGIREPRODUKSI BEBERAPASPESIES IKANPELAGISKECILDI PERAIRANLAUT BANDA
Authors: Zamroni Achmad , Suwarso Suwarso
Published: February 2017

Studimengenai biologi reproduksi ikan pelagis kecil yangmeliputi rasio jenis kelamin, perkembangan kematangan gonad, dan panjang ikan pertama kali matang gonad, telah dilakukan terhadap beberapa spesies utama ikan pelagis kecil yang dominan tertangkap di perairan Laut Banda. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untukmemperoleh informasi tentang aspek reproduksi ikan pelagis kecil di Laut Banda yang informasinya dapat dipergunakan untuk kepentingan pengelolaan perikanan. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa rasio jenis kelamin ikan tidakmenunjukkan perbedaan. Tingkat kematangan gonad tinggi lebih banyak terdapat pada ikan yang berukuran besar.Nilai indeks gonadmeningkat selaras dengan pertambahan ukuran ikan. Fluktuasi nilai indeks gonad berdasarkan atas musim dari beberapa spesies ikan pelagis kecilmenunjukkan bahwa pada musimtimur nilainya cenderung lebih tinggi dan diindikasikan adanya pemijahan pada musim tersebut. Decapterus macarellusmencapai kematangan gonad yang pertama (length at first mature) pada ukuran 26,6 cm FL, Decapterus macrosoma pada ukuran 20,3 cm FL, Rastrelliger kanagurta pada ukuran 24,63 cm FL dan Selar crumenophthalmus pada ukuran 21,85 cm FL. Study on reproductive biology of some small pelagic fishes have been carried out for those collected around the Banda Seas. The aims of this study is to know some biological reproduction aspect such as sex ratio, fish maturity, and the length of fish at firsmaturity, this information could be use for fisheries management purposes. The sex ratio of fish indicated no difference. The maturity showed that most of the fish samples (92%) were unriped, except for relatively big size of fish such as Decapterus macarellus, Decapterus macrosoma, Rastrelliger kanagurta, and Selar crumenophthalmus. The length of fish at the firstmaturity were obtained only for 4 spesies namely Decapterus macarellus with size 26,6 cm in FL, Decapterus macrosoma with size 20,3 cm FL, Rastrelliger kanagurta with size 24,63 cm FL, and Selar crumenophthalmus with size 21,85 cm FL, respectively. The other rest of fishes can not be detected.
SUMBER DAYA IKAN PERAIRAN UMUM DARATAN DI INDONESIA-TERABAIKAN
Authors: Kartamihardja Endi Setiadi , Purnomo Kunto , Umar Chairulwan
Published: February 2017

Perairan umum daratan Indonesia mempunyai luas 13,85 juta ha yang terdiri atas 12,0 juta ha sungai dan paparan banjiran (flood plains), 1,8 juta ha danau alam (natural lakes) dan 0,05 juta ha danau buatan (man made lakes) atau waduk (reservoirs). Potensi perikanan tangkap di perairan umum daratan ditaksir mencapai 3.034.934 ton per tahun. Perairan umum daratan berperan penting sebagai sumber protein dan ketahanan pangan, sumber ekonomi masyarakat, sumber lapangan kerja, sumber plasma nutfah dan genetik, sumber devisa dan pendapatan asli daerah, serta obyek wisata alam (ecoturism). Perairan umum daratan yang terabaikan akan berdampak terhadap penurunan potensi luasnya, keanekaragaman jenis ikan, produksi ikan, kesempatan dan peluang kerja (peningkatan pengangguran), pendapatan asli daerah, dan fungsi estetika. Pengelolaan perairan umum dengan benar akan berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan produksi minimal 20% dan fungsi ekologis, sehingga perikanan perairan umum daratan dapat dijadikan tumpuan pembangunan perekonomian masyarakat, khususnya nelayan. Berbagai upaya yang dilakukan untuk membangun perikanan perairan umum daratan antara lain mempromosikan akan penting dan peranan sub sektor perikanan, memberikan perhatian terhadap riset di bidang sumber daya perikanan, melakukan valuasi sumber daya, melaksanakan monitoring dan evaluasi (termasuk perbaikan statistik perikanan), mengembangkan ko manajemen dan kapasitas sumber daya manusia.Inland waters of Indonesia has a total area of 13.85 million ha composing of 12.0 million ha rivers and flood plains, 1.8 million ha natural lakes and 0.05 million ha man made lakes/ reservoirs. Total of fish potential yields of the inland waters was estimated to be 3,034,934 ton per yr. The inland waters plays an important role as source of protein and food security, source of economic and supporting livelihood of the peoples, source of employment, sources of genetics and germ plasm, contributing to foreign exchange and local government earning, and eco-tourism. The neglecting inland waters has affected on the decreasing potential area, fish potential yields, fish species diversity, employment opportunity, and local government earning and the ecological function. Management of the resources could impact on the increasing fish yields at least 20% and its ecological function, so that the inland waters fisheries can be used as a based of economic development of the peoples especially for the fishers. Some efforts which should be done in development of the inland waters fisheries are promotion of the role and importance of fisheries between other sectors, prioritizing research on fisheries resources, valuation of inland waters fisheries, monitoring and evaluation (including fisheries statistics), development of fisheries co-management and capacity building of the human resources.
IMPLIKASI IUU FISHING DALAM PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA IKAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Nurhakim Subhat
Published: February 2017

Pada tatanan dunia, regional, dan nasional, dewasa ini isu kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan IUU fishing adalah merupakan ancaman utama terhadap sediaan ikan. Telah banyak inisiatif international yang didukung oleh organisasi internasional seperti FAO telah menyiapkan International Plan of Action dari IUU Fishing. Walaupun jumlah negara yang mencoba mengembangkan National Plan of Action dari IUU Fishing terus bertambah, tetapi dalam beberapa hal, kegiatan IUU Fishing merupakan hal yang banyak terjadi dan merupakan ancaman nyata terhadap perikanan lokal. Adalah benar bahwa perhatian dunia terhadap IUU Fishing terus meningkat sebagai akibat yang nyata penurunan sediaan ikan dunia secara drastis. Perkiraan kasar secara keseluruhan menunjukkan bahwa paling tidak 30% dari hasil tangkapan perikanan dunia diperoleh dari kegiatan IUU Fishing. Ini memperlihatkan bahwa masalah IUU Fishing tersebut meningkat dengan kuat, terutama bila dilihat dari percepatan penurunan ketersediaan sumber daya perikanan. Tulisan ini menyajikan hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan pengkajian sediaan dan pengelolaan perikanan seperti juga halnya kegiatan IUU Fishing yang terjadi di Indonesia. Dampak IUU Fishing terhadap hasil pengkajiaan sediaan pada akhirnya digunakan sebagai informasi dasar untuk pengelolaan perikanan juga dibahas. Rekomandasi disampaikan dalam kaitannya untuk mengurangi kegiatan IUU Fishing dan meningkatkan pengkajian sediaan ikan dan pengelolaan perikanan.At global, regional, and national levels, issues associated with IUU fishing activities currently constitute a major world-wide threat to fisheries stocks. There have already been many international initiatives supported by international organizations such as the FAO which have been engaged in the International Plan of Action on IUU fishing. Although an increasing number of countries are trying to develop national plan of actions on IUU fishing, in many parts, IUU fishing practices are still common place and constitute a real threat to local fishers. Indeed, there is increasing global concern about IUU fishing practices due to the fact that global fish stocks are declining drastically. Approximate estimations suggest that overall at least 30% of world-wide fisheries catch is obtained from IUU fishing activities. This shows that the problem is increasingly severe, especially in view of the accelerating overall decline in available fisheries resources. This paper presents briefly regarding stock assessment and fisheries management as well as IUU fishing activities that undertake in Indonesian waters. The impact of IUU fishing to the result of stock assessment, that finally used as basic information for fisheries management is also discuss. Recommendation ismade in relation to eliminate IUU fishing activities and improvement of stock assessment and fisheries management.
PENGELOLAAN PERIKANAN WADUK SAGULING, CIRATA, DAN IR. H. DJUANDA, JAWA BARAT
Authors: Tjahjo Didik Wahju Hendro , Suman Ali
Published: February 2017

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengamati pengelolaan dan pemanfaatansumber daya perikanan di waduk kaskade (Saguling, Cirata, dan Djuanda).Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan sumber daya perikanan di perairan waduk ini sudah berada dalam tahapan yang melebihi daya dukung lingkungan. Agar kelestarian sumber daya perikanan tetap terjaga secara berkesinambungan, maka perlu dilakukan perbaikan lingkungan waduk, pengaturan jumlah karamba jaring apung yang dioperasikan dan pengaturan jenis ikan budi daya.The objective of this paper is to analysis management and exploitation ofcascade reservoirs, west Java. The result showed that management andexploitation of fishery resources in this waters was over carryng capacity of reservoir environment. The strategy of sustainable exploitation of fishery resources in this reservoirs e.g. rehabilitation of reservoir environment, restriction fish cage, and regulation of fish culture species in reservoir.
ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN PENGGUNAAN PUKAT IKAN DI PERAIRAN ZONA EKONOMI EKSKLUSIF INDONESIA SAMUDERA HINDIA
Authors: Suman Ali
Published: February 2017

Dalam rangka pemanfaatan sumber daya ikan demersal yamg optimal bagi peningkatan devisa dan pengembangan wilayah, maka dikeluarkan Keputusan Menteri Pertanian No.770/Kpts/IK.120/10/1996 tentang penggunaan pukat ikan di perairan Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif Indonesia. Untuk melihat sampai sejauh mana mutu dan efektivitas kebijakan ini, maka dilakukan analisis input, proses, output, dan dampak terhadap kebijakan tersebut. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan penggunaan pukat ikan perlu ditinjau kembali dan disarankan sebaiknya untuk dicabut. Hal ini berkaitan dengan tidak terealisirnya dampak yang diinginkan dalam kebijakan tersebut, sementara yang timbul justru dampak yang tidak diinginkan. Selain itu, kebijakan ini akan mendorong timbul illegal, unreported, and unregulated serta konflik sosial di tingkat nelayan.The agriculture ministrial decree of No.770/Kpts/IK.120/10/1996 on the use of fish net was passed in order to optimally utilized demersal fish resource to raise export earnings and trigger regional development. An input, process, output, and impact approach was exerted to evaluate the quality of the decree. It was found that the decree should be revoked as the targeted impacts of the decree were not achieved. The decree, on the other hand, tended to bring about negative impacts such as unexpected illegal fishing and social unrest among small fishermen.
TEKANAN PENDUDUK TERHADAP LINGKUNGAN DAN SUMBER DAYA LAHAN/PERAIRAN DI WILAYAH PESISIR SERTA ALTERNATIF PENANGANANNYA
Authors: Nasution Zahri , Sunarno Mas Tri Djoko
Published: February 2017

Tekanan penduduk terhadap wilayah pesisir seperti pembuangan limbah,sampah rumah tangga, industri, dan plastik terus berlangsung, terutama di wilayah padat penduduk. Tulisan ini menguraikan akar-akar penyebab degradasi lingkungan yang berperan di suatu area tetap dan alternatif penanggannya. Hasil kajian di kecamatan pesisir dalam Kabupaten Indramayu, Jawa Barat menunjukkan bahwa kemiskinan atau pra sejahtera teramati di masyarakat pesisir. Penyebabnya antara lain adalah ketatnya persaingan pememanfaatan sumberdaya lahan/perairan, tingginya pertumbuhan penduduk, dan peningkatan penggunaan teknologi penangkapan ikan yang merusak sumberdaya ikan dan pembukaan lahan tambak. Tingginya pertumbuhan penduduk mengakibatkan tingginya persaingan pemanfaatan sumberdaya lahan/perairan sehingga terbentuk hubungan sosial patron klien. Lingkungan pemukiman tidak baik akibat kepadatan penduduk perlu ditata. Beberapa alternatif penanganannya adalah penurunan tingkat kelahiran, pengorganisasian kelompok nelayan secara aktif dalam pembuatan aturan pemanfaatan sumber daya perikanan laut, pembatasan izin masuk wilayah penangkapan terutama untuk alat tangkap tidak selektif dan bermotor, dan penyediaan alternatif sumber pendapatan di luar perikanan.People pressures in coastal area such as waste exile of housing, industries and plastics exist continously. This paper described some roots causing environmental degradation playing in a fix area and their alternative solution. The observation in coaltal area of Distric Indramayu, West Java showed that poority or pra walfare was observed. It was caused by high competation in utilizing land/waters and high people growth, increasing use of fishing technology damaging fish resources and opening brackish water pond. High people growth caused increasing in utilizing resources of land/waters in coastal area so that client social patron existed. Bad environmental residence as a result of people density should be well organized. Some alternative solution suggested are declining natality rate, organizing fisher group in reguliting marine fiheries resource plan, limitation of enter pemit to fishing area, espicially for purse seine as well as providing an alternative source income out of fisheries.
PENGELOLAAN SUMBERDAYA IKAN BILIH (Mystacoleucus padangensis) INTRODUKSI DI DANAU TOBA, SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Kartamihardja Endi Setiadi
Published: February 2017

Spesies endemik Danau Singkarak, ikan bilih (Mystacoleucus padangensis) 2.840 ekor ukuran panjang total 4,1-5,7cm dengan bobot 0,9-1,5 g per ekor diintroduksikan ke Danau Toba (112.000 ha) pada tanggal 3 Januari 2003. Ikan bilih tumbuh pesat dan memijah di muara-muara sungai yang masuk danau. Pada tahun 2005, hasil tangkapan ikan bilih mencapai 653,6 ton (14% dari total hasil tangkapan) dan pada tahun 2008 diperkirakan meningkat menjadi 1.755ton. Untuk meningkatkan hasil tangkapan ikan bilih secara optimal dan lestari diperlukan cara pengelolaan yang meliputi penetapan suaka perikanan, pengaturan alat tangkap, penanganan hasil tangkapan, pengembangan kelembagaan dan peraturan pengelolaan, pengembangan pengelolaan secara bersama, dan monitoring serta evaluasi. Ikan bilih dapat dijadikan kandidat ikan tebaran untuk danau-danau yang memiliki karakteristik limnologi yang serupadengan Danau Toba atau Singkarak dan dilakukan dengan pendekatan kehatihatian.An endemic species of Singkarak Lake, bilih (Mystacoleucus padangensis) of 2,840 fingerlings having 4.1-5.7 cm in total length and 0.9-1.5 g in weight, were introduced to Toba Lake (112,000 ha) at 3 January 2003. The fish grew fast and spawned in the bank of rivers entering the lake. In 2005, the fish could be yielded at 653,6 ton (14% of the total fish catch) and in 2008 it was estimated to be 1.755 ton. To increase the the fish yield optimally and sustainably, some managementmeasures of the resources should be applied i.e., establishment of the bilih reserve area, regulation of fishing gears, development of fish product diversification, development of management institution and fisheries regulation, development of comanagement, and monitoring and evaluation. The bilih can be promoted as a candidate of fish introduction for other lakes having similar limnological characteristics with Toba Lake as well as Singkarak. Even thought the bilih introduction should be done with a precautionary approach.
POTENSI TANGKAPAN IKAN LAUT PADA TEMPAT PELELANGAN IKAN DI PULAU JAWA, BALI DAN NUSA TENGGARA BARAT
Authors: Mahulette Ralph Thomas , Widodo Agustinus Anung
Published: February 2017

Perairan Jawa, Bali dan Nusa Tenggara Barat bagian Timur menjadi potensi dan tolok ukur sebagai penghasil produksi perikanan untuk daerahnya. Semua hasil tangkapan ikan dari laut ditampung pada tempat pelelangan ikan (TPI). Tempat pelelangan ikan Pelabuhan Ratu, Cilacap, Sadeng, Tempera, Muncar, Kedonganan, dan Tanjung Luar adalah sejumlah TPI yang digunakan sebagai tempat persinggahan hasil tangkapan tersebut. Keanekaragaman hayati laut ini terkadang membuat ikan tersebar dari mana asal tangkapan. Nelayan tradisional di sekitar daerah laut Jawa, Bali dan Nusa Tenggara Barat melakukan penangkapan pada daerah tangkapan (fishing ground) masing-masing tapi ada yang mencapai Zone Ekonomi Eksplosif (ZEE). Mengingat sebagian besar jenis stok ikan di perairan Laut Jawa telah mengalami jenuh tangkap (fully exploited) atau kelebihan tangkap (overfishing). Sedangkan Laut Bali dan NTB masih terdapat sejumlah hasil perikanan yang dapat di eksploitasi untuk kesejahteraan nelayan sekitarnya. Jenis ikan-ikan yang tertangkap di laut Jawa dan Bali hampir sama dengan yang tertangkap di NTB. Hasil survei menunjukan bahwa ada kecendrungan beberapa kapal-kapal ikan yang mendaratkan ikan di TPI berasal dari daerah lain, seperti TPI Kedonganan disinggahi oleh kapal dari Madura untuk bongkar muat ikan dan makanan. Beberapa genus hasil laut yang ditemukan pada TPI tersebut adalah Genus Cephalopoda, Mollusca, Crustacea, Teleoste dan Elasmobranch.Waters of Java, Bali and West Nusa Tenggara the eastern became part of the potential and benchmarks as a producer of fishery production for the region. All the fish catch from the sea are accommodated at the fish auction. Fish auction, Pelabuhan Ratu, Cilacap, Sadeng, Tempera, Muncar, Kedonganan, and Tanjung Luar are used as a stopover place catches it. Sea of biodiversity is sometimes made where the fish are scattered from the catchment. Traditional fishing in the vicinity of the sea of Java, Bali and West Nusa Tenggara in the fishing ground each but there are reaching Explosive Economic Zone (EEZ). Considering most types of fish stocks in the waters of the Java Sea has undergone a fully exploited or overfishing. While Sea Bali and NTB still there are a number of fishery products can be exploited for the benefit fishermen around it. Type of fish was caught in the sea of Java and Bali is almost the same as those was caught in NTB. The survey results show that there are trends of several fishing vessels that landed fish in the TPI from other areas, like the TPI Kedonganan be visited by boat from Madura for loading and unloading of fish and food. A few genus of sea products found in TPI is Genus Cephalopoda, Mollusca, Crustacea, Teleoste and Elasmobranch.
SEBARAN INTENSITAS CAHAYA PADA BAGAN TANCAP Dl PERAIRAN PANTAI KEPULAUAN SERIBU
Authors: Nurdin Erfind , Hufiadi Hufiadi
Published: February 2017

Penggunaan intensitas cahaya pada unit penangkapan bagan cenderung meningkat dari waktu ke'waktu. Hal  ini didasari pada persepsi nelayan  bahwa  intensitas cahaya  yang  tinggi  akan meningkatkan  hasil iangkapan. Penelitian  dilaksanakan  di perairan Pulau Lancang  (Kepulauan Seribu) pada  bulan Mei 2005 dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui  rentang  intensitas  cahaya  serta tingkah laku  ikan  di bawah  pengaruh cahaya.  Penelitian  dilakukan melalui pengamatan dan pengukuran nilai intensitas cahaya dengan meggunakan quantum meter Ll COR 250 ( mol  s·' m') pada jenis lampu yang berbeda, dan digunakan pula echosounder Simrad EY 500 untuk memperoleh data sebaran kelompok ikan. Keberadaan ikan lebih banyak ditemukan pada lahan transisi perbatasan antara light zone dan dark zone dengan nilai intensitas kurang dari 0,01 !Jmol s·1  m·2 •   Nilai panjang ikan (FL) tangkapan didominansi oleh ukuran kecil (-70--50 db), dengan modus tertinggi pada nilai FL (fork Length) lebih kecil dari nilai Lm (length at maturity). Hasil ini menandakan bahwa ukuran ikan tersebut belum layak tangkap. The use of fight intensity on fixed bamboo lift net  (bagan) tends to increase by time. Fishermen believe that the intensity always increases linearly with the catch. This research was conducted on May 2005 in Lancang Island (Seribu Islands). The aim of this study are to know the range of fight intensity used and the behaviour of fish under the fight influence. Lf COR 250 Quantum meter (pmof s·' m') for fight intensity at different lamps amount and Simrad EY 500 scientific echosounder was utilized to obtain the data of fish school around fixed. The fish school was found in high quantity at the transition area between light and dark zones with intensity value at less than 0.0111 mol s·' m·'. The fork length of captured fish was dominated by small fish (-70--50 db), with the highest modus fork length smaller than the length at maturity. This means that the size of fish is not feasible to be caught.
PARAMETER POPULASI DAN SELEKTIVITAS RAJUNGAN (Poftunus pelagicus Linnaeus) YANG TERTANGKAP DENGAN BEBERAPA JENIS ALAT TANGKAP DI TELUK JAKARTA
Authors: Nuraini Siti , Prihatiningsih Prihatiningsih , Hartati Sri Turni
Published: February 2017

Rajungan (Portunus peiagicus'' merupakan salah salu sumber daya hayati laut yang banyak dimanfaatkan oleh nelayan tradisionai. Rajungan di Teluk Jakarta selain sebagai sasaran penangkapan pada bubu cian jaring rajungan, juga tertangkap dengan sero, bagan, dan jaring arad Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tahun 2006 dengan tujuan untuk memperoleh informasi parameter stok dan selektivitas beberapa alat tangkap rajungan. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa rajungan yang terlangkap mempunyai iebar karapas 4.16-11,9 cm dan boboi anlara 5.'1-113 g. Rajungan pertama kali tertangkap (Lcuo,o) pada sero, bagan, bubu, jaring rajungan, dan iaring arad pada ukuran lebar karapas 6,3: 7,3: 8,54; 8,96; dan 8,69 cm. Hampir semua (>95%i ralungan yang tertangkap dengan sero dan bagan merupakan rajungan kecil. Raiungan dewasa yang tertangkap pada jalng arad, bubu, dan Jaring rajungan diperoleh 4l, 66, dan 68%. Perbandingan keiamin jantan terhadap betina tidak sama pada alat tangkap yang digunakan. Hubungan antara lebar karapas dan panjang karapas pada sero, bagan, dan bubu rajungan mengikuti persamaan CW=o,4446 CL+0,1892 1r=3,9;. CW=o.431 4CL+0,347 5 (r=0,84J, dan CW=0,471 8C1+0,1 843 (r=0,83). Swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus ls one ot marine organism resources, intensively exploiled by aftisanal flsheres. fills crabis targeled species of trap and monofilalnent gili net and also as by catch of guiding barrier trap. fixed lift net. and monofilament gill net. The study was conducted in Jakarta Bay in 2006. The ob.tecti\/es of this study are to detemline papL ation parameters and seieclivity of swimmhg crab on several fishing gears used in Jakarta Bay. The swimning crabs werc caLtgl)t between 4.16-11 .9 cm in carapace widlh and between 5.1-113 g in weight. ihe firct captured (Lc sa-) of swimming crab caught by guiding barrier trap, fixed lift net, collapsible trap, beach se//]e. and monofilament gill net were 6.3, 7.3, 8.54. 8.69. and for 8.96 cnt. respectively. Guiding bamer trap and fixed iift net caught small crab for more than 95%. Large crab was caught by beach seine, collapsible trap, and monofilament gill net for crab were 41 , 66, dan 68% of the total catclt. The sex rutio between male and female diferred among the gears used. The relationship between CW and CL ol guiditlg barrier trap, fixed lifnet, bagan, and trap follows the equation CW=0.4446 CL+0.1892 (r=0 9) CW=o. 43 1 4CL+0. 3 47 5 (r=0. 84), and CW=o.47 1 8CL+0. 1 84 3 (r=0. 83 ).
PERKEMBANGAN HASIL TANGKAPAN IKAN PELAGIS KECIL DI SEKITAR LAUT JAWA
Authors: Zamroni Achmad , Suwarso Suwarso
Published: February 2017

Pukat cincin merupakan alat tangkap utama untuk perikanan pelagis kecil serta mempunyil peranan penting di dalam pengusahaan sumber daya perikanan di Laui iawa Armada pukat cincin berkembang pesat sejak tahun 1976 dan daerah penangkapan tersebar luas di perairan paparan Sunda, di antaranya Laut Jawa, Selat Makassar, Laut Cina Selaian, Selat Karimata, dan saat ini telah mencaoai perairan Sulawesi. Tahun 1994 diindikasikan perkembangan daerah penangkapan ini telah mencapai maksimum. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengemukakan perkernbangan hasil tangkapan dan upaya ikan pelagis di Laut Jawa berdasarkan pada data berbasis hasil tangkapan pukat cincin yang mendarat di Pekalongan tahun 2002 2007. Hasil perrelitian menunjukkan bahwa ikan layang (DecapterLts spp.) tetap merupakan jenis utama atau dominan hampir di semua daefah penangkapan, yailu 52% dari seluruh hasil tangkapan. Hasil tersebut tidak berbeda ciengan hasil pada tahun 1985-1992. Jumlah trip mengalami penurunan yang cukup signifikan pada bulan Nopember 2005 karena adanya kenaikan harga bahan bakar minyak Penurunan jumlah trip ini diikuti dengan menrngkatnya jumlah hari di laut menjadi sekitar 2 buian. LaJu tangkap ieius mengalaml penurunan dari 1.OOO,7 kg per hari pada tahun 2004, menjadi 409 kg per hari pada tahun 2007. Ratarata laju tangkap tefsebut jauh lebih kecil iika dibandingkan pada tahtrn '1992-1996 yang mencapai 2,387 kg per hari. Di antara 7 daerah penangkapan di perairan Laut Jawa dan Selat Makassar, laju tangkap lebih tinggi dijumpai di perairan sekitar Kepulauan Kangean, yaitu sekilar 950 kg per hari. Purse serne is the main fishing gear of small pelagic fisheries and lhe most impoftant Eeat for flsheries resoufces exploitation in Java sea. since 1976, purse selre has spread out quickly and thc selners were able to extend their exploitation area outsicle the Java sea. ln 1994, it itldicated lhat fishing area has .eached the naxinium point. The purpose of this study is lo explain catch develapment of petagic fish in the Java sea based on catch data of purse sei}e that landed in Pekalongan fror', 2002-2007- Ihe rest//fs show that sca.rs (Decapterus sppJ species still provided the main target of the exploitation and reprcsents 52% of the total catclt. Thts condition was found similafly ilt 1985' 1992. The fishing trip of yesse/ decrease d significantly iti Navember 2005due ta tlte increase of fuel price. The day at sea increased up to 2 monlhs. Calch per unit of eflotl tllso decreasecl from 1,000.7 kg per day in 2OO4 becoming 4Og kg per day in 2OO7. This catch per unit ol effoft was significanUy stnaller than lhe resutts in 1992-1996 that reached 2,387 kg per day. From lhe seven fishing areas of waters around lhe Kangean archipelago provided the highest catch per unit af effott, of ahout 9 50 kg per day.
STUDI AKUSTIK UNTUK PENENTUAN KIBASAN EKOR MADIDIHANG (Thunnus albacaresl)
Authors: Cahyadi Agus
Published: February 2017

lkan madidihang (Thunnus albacares) merupakan salah satu lenls tuna penjelajah yang pada umur tertentu mendiami perairan di bawah thermocline. Penelitian lalu renang ikan madidihang sudah banyak diketahui, namun teknologi akustik secara detil melalui pendekatan morfologi ikan belum banyak dilakukan. Teknologi akustik melalui modifikasi perubahan fase akustik adalah menentukan perbedaan waktu tunda (delay) yang terjadi pada sasaran yang bergerak secara fluktuatif baik berada pada posisinya maupun instrumen pembangkit fase yang mengitari sasaran tersebut. Perubahan fase akustik dapat menganalisis ikan madidihang dari sinyal yang dipantulkan oleh inslrumen pembangkit fase dari gerakan morfologi ekor yang direpresentasikan sebagai kibasan ekor Hasii peneiitian menunJukkan salu xali kibasan menghasilKan periode 0.5 ms dengan irltensitas kibasan ekor tertinggi 7,6 dB dan terendah 3 dB. Nilai pantulan dari perubahan fase akustik kibasan ekor dalarn saiuan Intensitas merepresentasikan gaya dorong yang mempengaruhi lalu renang ikan. The yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) is a nigratory fish inhabiting seawater below lhermacline layer duing young stages. Research on swimming speed of yellowtin tuna has been known using method of dilference approach. This research is focused on acoustic phase shifted nlodification to detem tre delay difference wl ch occurs at moving target. The target was yellowfin tuna which analyzed from its lateral aspect wheD it was stationary as well as surrounding the cage. So the fish was recorded by acoustic phase shifled from lhe tail pai named lail beat. lt represented from its delay time different which happened on the target moving fluctuated in its position and phase geneftled utstrunent position wltich moving surraLtnding the target. The result shows fhaf one limes of tail beat has 4.5 period and intensity value dtvided into high intensity af 7.6 dB and low intensity of 3 ciB. Reflecled value from acaLtstic phase shifted of tail beat within intensity represented as force Ihat influencing to the fish swimning speed.
Gonodonta SPECIES (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) DEFOLIATING SUGAR APPLE AND ATEMOYA FRUITS IN THE SEMIARID REGION OF MINAS GERAIS
Authors: SILVA JOSEILTON FARIA , ALVARENGA CLARICE DINIZ , GIUSTOLIN TERESINHA AUGUSTA , SÁ LAÍS PACHECO
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT This paper aimed to evaluate the occurrence of Gonodonta larvae defoliating sugar apple (Annona squamosa) and atemoya fruits (Annona squamosa x Annona cherimolia L. Mill.) in northern state of Minas Gerais. Larvae were collected between December 2007 and January 2008 in Annonaceae plantation in the rural area of the municipality of Janaúba, MG. Adults obtained have been sent for identification. The species identified were Gonodonta bidens Geyer, G. nutrix Stoll and G. pyrgo Cramer. The infestation level observed in the orchard was 85% of plants with the presence of Gonodonta larvae and the average defoliation percentage was 30%. These are the first records of Gonodonta species defoliating sugar apple and atemoya in Brazil.