bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data Mining Pembentukan Pola Penggunaan Alat Kontrasepsi Dengan Metode Association Rule
Authors:   Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Dumai, Hafrida Elisa , Sari Febrina , Desyanti Desyanti , Nurjannah Siti ,   Akademi Keperawatan Sri Bunga Tanjung Dumai
Published: October 2020

Penggunaan Alat Kontrasepsi secara berkelanjutan merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan Program Keluarga Berencana (KB). Seperti yang diketahui tidak semua alat kontrasepsi cocok dengan kondisi setiap orang, oleh karenanya setiap pribadi harus bisa memilih alat kontrasepsi yang cocok untuk dirinya. Permasalahannya banyak para wanita sulit untuk menentukan pilihan alat kontrasepsi yang akan digunakan, selain kurangnya pengetahuan dan informasi, Sampai saat ini belum ada konsep atau Pola untuk pemilihan alat kontrasepsi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah Menemukan pola penggunaan alat kontrasepsi dengan menggunakan metode Data Mining Association Rule. Hasil kinerja Algoritma Apriori menghasilkan pola kombinasi yang menggambarkan kumpulan frequent item set dengan nilai confidence tertinggi yakni sebesar 90% pada Rule Jika Alat Kontrasepsi Suntik 3 Bulan Maka Usia Ibu 17-35 Tahun. Pola yang terbentuk merupakan hasil formulasi konsep, sehingga pola ini dapat dijadikan acuan bagi para calon akseptor dalam menentukan pilihan alat kontrasepsi yang cocok untuk digunakan.
Konsep Pengamanan Video Conference Dengan Enkripsi AES-GCM Pada Aplikasi Zoom
Authors:   Universitas Methodist Indonesia, Jamaluddin Jamaluddin , Saragih Naikson , Simamora Roni , Siringoringo Rimbun
Published: October 2020

The conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic, which began to plague at the end of 2019, brought about major changes to the patterns of interaction in society. Activities that have been carried out directly have begun to shift to activities carried out online. The use of technology, especially in applications for online interaction patterns such as video conferencing applications, is an alternative. The Zoom Cloud Meeting application is widely used by people who initially had doubts about its security system. By implementing end-to-end encryption with AES-256-GCM, it has been able to convince clients on the information security side to keep using the Zoom Cloud Meeting application.
Hallgatói vélemények a COVID-19 világjárvány hatásaként bevezetett online oktatásról
Authors: Deés Szilvia
Published: October 2020

A COVID-19 világjárvány az ajtók bezárására és a hallgatók ajtón kívül tartására kényszerítette az egyetemeket. Ennek ellenére az igény a hallgatók oktatására továbbra is fennállt. Az online oktatásnak az Edutus életében már volt előzménye, azonban ezt jellemzően a levelezős hallgatók használtak. A kutatásban arra kerestem a választ, hogyan élték meg a hallgatók a szokatlan online félévet, mi a véleményük az egyetem nyújtotta szolgáltatásokról, és hogyan értékelik a félév során megszerzett tudásukat. A teljes sokaságot az egyetem aktív hallgatók jelentette, és a populáció 15,2 százaléka válaszolt a feltett kérdésekre. Az adatok statisztikai elemzése után, az eredmények ismeretében, a hallgatói vélemények alapján legjobbnak talált megoldásokra vonatkoznak javaslataik
A COVID-19 járvány hatásai az elektromos autók lítium-ion akkumulátorait gyártó komáromi SK Battery Hungary Kft. esetében
Authors: Peredy Zoltán , Venczel Márk
Published: October 2020

A COVID-19 járvány a hagyományos belsőégésű motorral (ICE) felszerelt autókat gyártó járműipari szegmenst jelentősen visszavetette, felerősítve a kontinenseken átívelő, koncentrált, hosszúra nyúlt termelési láncok problémáit. Ugyanakkor – amint látni fogjuk a tanulmányban – az elektromos hajtásláncú járműveket (EV) és ezek erőforrásait, a lítium-ionos akkumulátorokat (LIB) gyártó szegmensre nem gyakorolt szignifikáns hatást a koronavírus járvány. Ezen okok elemzése és megértése alapvető lehet Magyarország és ezen belül Komárom-Esztergom megye (KEM) számára, amelynek gazdaságában egyik húzóágazatként jelentős súllyal szerepel a járműipar, ahol a régió egyetlen felsőoktatási intézménye, a tatabányai székhelyű Edutus Egyetem is működik, kulcsszereplőként a megye számára szükséges magasan képzett munkaerő biztosításában, és a helyi kis-és középvállalati (KKV) szektor versenyképességének növelésében. Az esettanulmányban bemutatott, LIB gyártó komáromi SK Battery Hungary (SK BH) üzleti folyamataira a járvány nem gyakorolt hatást, a felfutóban lévő gyártó kapacitások kiépítése zavartalanul folytatódott. Ennek okai az EV iránti kereslet jövőbeli felfutása mellett a dél-koreai céges kultúrában keresendő, amely mindig is törekedett a külföldtől való függetlenedésre. Ez megnyilvánul a saját beszállítói láncának rövidítésében és optimalizálásában (a szintén Komárom-Esztergom megyébe betelepült dél-koreai beszállítókkal és alvállalkozókkal dolgoztatás), amely sikeresnek bizonyulhat a későbbiekben is, csökkentve a járvány hatásainak való kitettséget. A koronavírustól függetlenül az utóbbi időben elindult egy alkalmazkodási folyamat a magyar cégek körében is, amelyek szintén igyekeznek újra pozícionálni a termelésüket, újra gondolva a munkaerő-kapacitást, a termelési láncstruktúrát, és a készletezési politikát. Ebben segíthet a fenti példa végig gondolása is.
A preocupação com a sustentabilidade na ótica de alunos, docentes e técnicos de uma universidade brasileira
Authors: Antônio Beuron Thiago , Borges Gustavo da Rosa , Costa Borges Sávio , Castilho Carine Hernandes , Garlet Valéria , Da Rosa Gama Madruga Lúcia Rejane
Published: October 2020

Este estudo tem o intuito de contribuir com o tema da sustentabilidade sob a perspectiva da consciência ambiental, identificando a diversidade da preocupação ambiental entre os diferentes perfis de indivíduos que frequentam o ambiente acadêmico. Para isso, foi mensurada a preocupação ambiental de alunos, docentes e técnicos de uma universidade no Brasil. Realizou-se uma survey com a participação de 1.070 indivíduos e percebeu-se que em geral, alunos, docentes e técnicos se preocupam com a sustentabilidade. Sobre as diferenças perceptivas, descobriu-se por meio de técnicas estatísticas que discentes apresentaram menor nível de preocupação em relação a docentes e técnicos. As mulheres apresentaram maior preocupação ambiental, e indivíduos ainda sem formação superior possuem menor nível preocupação ambiental. No que se refere à idade, o estudo mostrou que houve baixa influência na preocupação ambiental, ou seja, não é possível afirmar que a preocupação com a sustentabilidade aumente com o passar do tempo. Nota-se que a sustentabilidade ainda tem muito a ser discutida em todos os âmbitos, mas principalmente no ambiente acadêmico, lugar da construção do conhecimento e da difusão de atitudes e ações sustentáveis.
Modalidad epistémica y primera persona
Authors: Rodríguez Monsiváis Raúl Enrique
Published: October 2020

En este trabajo estudio las funciones textuales, semánticas y pragmáticas que se cumplen cuando se coordinan la operación lingüística de primera persona del singular con la modalidad epistémica. Para ello presento lo que se entiende por operación lingüística de primera persona del singular, concepción bajo la que se considera que el pronombre personal de primera persona del singular no sólo sirve para que el hablante se refiera directamente a sí mismo, ya que para ello se puede hacer uso de otro tipo de construcciones. Además, se muestra que el tipo de texto motiva el uso del pronombre personal de primera persona del singular así como su referente. Y por último que el uso de dicho pronombre está vinculado a grados de certeza relativos al contenido proposicional expresado en una producción lingüística, lo que a su vez también se motiva según sea el tipo de texto.
A construção do ethos em discursos de posse presidencial de Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995) e Luís Inácio Lula da Silva (2004)
Authors: Sousa Alisson Fernando Abreu de , Cabral Nobre Kennedy
Published: October 2020

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a constituição do ethos nos discursos de posse presidencial dos primeiros mandatos de Fernando Henrique Cardoso e Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, levando em consideração a forma como o espectro político partidário influencia a projeção da imagem de si. Para tanto, serviu de aporte teórico considerações acerca do ethos, além da discussão sobre posicionamento político. Como metodologia, baseamo-nos nas categorias de ethé de credibilidade e de identificação propostas por Charaudeau (2015). Os resultados apontam que ambos os discursos constroem para seus oradores ethé vários, em conformidade com o espectro político dos partidos por eles representados, tanto no escopo da credibilidade quanto no escopo da identificação. Contudo, é possível afirmar que o ethos de competência seja mais ressaltado no discurso de FHC e que os ethé de solidariedade e de chefe, mediante figura de guia soberano, apresentem-se mais proeminentes no discurso de Lula.
Profissão professor: o que pensam estudantes de letras sobre a carreira docente? Uma análise à luz da Semântica Argumentativa
Authors: Elsner Ana Paula , Dall Cortivo Lebler Cristiane
Published: October 2020

Este artigo está ancorado na concepção de que a língua é fundamentalmente argumentativa e de que as palavras e suas relações auxiliam na constituição do seu caráter argumentativo. Sua temática trata da imagem que os alunos dos cursos de Licenciatura em Letras de uma universidade comunitária e de uma universidade federal expõem sobre a profissão. O objetivo de nossa pesquisa é analisar, com base na Teoria da Argumentação na Língua (ANL) e na Teoria dos Blocos Semânticos (TBS), em sua fase standard, como a imagem do professor é construída discursivamente. O corpus do trabalho é constituído por discursos de estudantes do curso de Letras licenciatura das duas universidades, os quais foram coletados através de um questionário criado na ferramenta Google Formulários. Os resultados confirmam a hipótese de que os estudantes dos cursos de licenciatura em Letras consideram a profissão atraente apesar da sua desvalorização.
O debate no limiar da Pedagogia Crítica e da Paideia retórica: cultivando cidadãos ativos
Authors: Egglezou Fotini
Published: October 2020

Este artigo focaliza duas abordagens pedagógicas distantes no tempo, que enfatizam a necessidade e a possibilidade de empoderamento dos alunos, tanto como indivíduos quanto como cidadãos: paideia retórica e pedagogia crítica. Em particular, pretendemos examinar se a troca de argumentos em um debate pode conectar a pedagogia crítica aos ensinamentos da paideia retórica clássica, que começa com o movimento sofista (Egglezou, 2017). Acreditamos firmemente que tal tentativa poderia contribuir para o empoderamento pedagógico dos estudantes como pensadores críticos e cidadãos ativos dentro do sistema educacional moderno.
Development and validation of a psychometric scale to assess attitude towards safe abortions in Pakistan
Authors: Xaher Gul  , Junaid-ur-Rehman Siddiqui  , Miraal Mavalvala  , Waqas Hameed  , Muhammad Ishaque
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Despite severe health and economic consequences that women face because of the negative attitude of healthcare providers towards safe abortion and post-abortion care (SA/PAC), no psychometric tool has yet been validated for assessing the attitude towards SA/PAC. Only a handful of studies have attempted to assess healthcare providers’ attitude towards safe abortions in Pakistan. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and validate a psychometric scale to assess attitude towards safe abortions in Pakistan. The study collected data from 106 workers of an NGO that provides SA/PAC through an online and anonymous survey using the organisation’s network. The study used factor analytic techniques and structural equation modelling to validate the factor structure and a final hierarchical model. A final scale of seven items relating to attitude towards elective abortions and moral attitude towards safe abortions was validated. Continuous...
Frequency of emotional disturbances among hostelites and day scholars medical students
Authors: Shireen Jawed  , Benash Altaf  , Rana Muhammad Tahir Salam  , Farhat Ijaz
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives: This study was aimed to determine and compare the frequency of the emotional disturbances, anxiety and depression among the medical students on Hospital Anxiety Depression scale (HAD) score among the hostelites and day scholars.

Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted at private medical college in Faisalabad, Pakistan, from March 2019 to April 2019, comprising of 105 male and female students. Validated Hospital Anxiety depression scale (HAD-A and HAD-D) was used to collect data from 1st year and 2nd year MBBS students in order to evaluate anxiety and depression among them.  Data was analyzed on SPSS 21. Pearson’s Chi-square was applied to compare the percentages of anxious and depressed subjects among the studied group. Independent sample t-test was applied for comparison of mean HAD scores between hostelites and day scholars. P value ? 0.05 was taken as significant.

Results: There were 105 students in the study with a mean age of 19.4± 0.68 years. Overall, 82.7% students had anxiety, and 52.1% suffered from depression. Average HAD –A and HAD- D scores were 11.2 ± 3.41 and 7.2 ± 3.37 respectively. Greater number of hostelites was suffering from emotional disturbances as compared to day scholars.  HAD –A scores was significantly higher in hostelites than day scholars with P value 0.003*(11.85 ± 3.42 Vs 10.92 ±2.56).  HAD- D scores were also higher in hostilities but difference was insignificant. (7.57± 3.42   Vs 6.85 ±1.58)

Continuous...
Assessment of risk factor profile in young patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting surgery in Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology/National Institute of Heart Disease, a tertiary care cardiac facility
Authors: Mishal Iqbal  , Mehak Iqbal  , Muhammad Afsheen Iqbal  , Farrah Pervaiz  , Hamza Jamil  , Syed Hashim Ali Inam
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective: To identify modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors among young patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Adult Cardiac Surgery of the Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology and National Institute of Heart Disease, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from January 1, 2015, to April 24, 2018, and comprised patients who underwent elective coronary artery bypass grafting. Data was collected using a predesigned questionnaire, and the risk factors studied were hypertension, diabetes, smoking, serum cholesterol, family history and body mass index. Data was analysed using SPSS 23.

Results: Of the 1270 patients, 838(66.1%) were males and 432(33.9%) were females. The overall mean age was 39.29±8.64 years (range: 18-49 years). Of the total, 319(25.2%) patients were hypertensive; 170(13.3%) were diabetics; 303(23.9%) had history of smoking.

Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of hypertension, smoking and obesity in the patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery at age <50 years.

Key Words: Coronary artery disease, Risk factors, Young patients. Continuous...
Report of the Workshop on the Comprehensive Assessment of Right Whales: A Worldwide Comparison
Authors: Int IWC
Published: October 2020

The Workshop was held at the Monkey Valley Beach Resort near Cape Town, South Africa from 19-25 March 1998. It was preceded by a two-day Symposium at the Two Oceans Aquarium, Cape Town.
Status of southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) off Australia
Authors: Bannister John
Published: October 2020

The history of Australian right whaling is briefly reviewed. Most catching took place in the first half of the 19th century, with a peak inthe 1830s, involving bay whaling by locals and visiting whaleships in winter and whaling offshore in the summer. In the early 20th century,right whales were regarded as at least very rare, if not extinct. The first published scientific record for Australian waters in the 20th centurywas a sighting near Albany, Western Australia, in 1955. Increasing sightings close to the coast in winter and spring led to annual aerialsurveys off southern Western Australia from 1976. To allow for possible effects of coastwise movements, coverage was extended intoSouth Australian waters from 1993. Evidence from 19th century pelagic catch locations, recent sightings surveys, 1960s Soviet catch dataand photographically-identified individuals is beginning to confirm earlier views about likely seasonal movements to and from warm watercoastal breeding grounds and colder water feeding grounds. Increase rates of ca 7-13% have been observed since 1983. Some effects ofdifferent breeding female cohort strength are now beginning to appear. A minimum population size of ca 700 for the period 1995-97 issuggested for the bulk of the ‘Australian’ population, i.e. animals approaching the ca 2,000km of coast between Cape Leeuwin, WesternAustralia and Ceduna, South Australia.
Population status and habitat use of southern right whales in the sub-Antarctic Auckland Islands of New Zealand
Authors: J. Patenaude Nathalie , Baker C. Scott
Published: October 2020

In the winters of 1995, 1996 and 1997, research was conducted in the Auckland Islands to evaluate the status of southern right whales inthe New Zealand sub-Antarctic. Whales were present in high concentrations each year (maximum count of 146 whales) in a small area onthe northeast side of the main island. Cow-calf pairs averaged 12% (range 9% to 14%) of the total population. Most cow-calf pairs weresighted resting at the surface (60%) or travelling (36%) and showed a strong preference for shallow ( < 20m depth) nearshore waters. Theratio of females to males, as determined by molecular sexing using biopsy samples, varied from 54% to 39% over the three years but didnot differ significantly from 1:1 in any year. Both males and females were found in varying group sizes, with the occurrence of social/sexualactivity predominant (85%) in groups of three or more whales. Most single whales were found resting (59%) and occasionally approachedthe research vessel (19%). A total of 217 individual whales have been photo-identified over the three years of this study, 24% of which wereresighted more than once in a season and approximately 15% of which were resighted in more than one year. The high density of whalesin Port Ross during winter months, the presence of cow-calf pairs, including newborns, and the frequency of social and sexual activityindicates that the Auckland Islands are a primary wintering habitat for southern right whales in New Zealand waters. However, the lowresighting rates within season and documented movement to nearby Campbell Island (290km) suggest that some whales are not residentin the Auckland Islands throughout the season. The rarity of right whales along the main islands of New Zealand and their apparent increasein numbers in the Auckland Islands suggests a major shift in habitat use from pre-exploitation times or the loss of a component of ahistorically sub-divided stock.
Anomalous 1992 spring and summer right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) distributions in the Gulf of Maine
Authors: Kenney Robert D.
Published: October 2020

No right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) were sighted during aerial surveys in May-July 1992 in the Great South Channel region of thesouthwestern Gulf of Maine. This was the first year that spring surveys failed to detect right whales in this region. During the latespring/early summer season when right whales would normally be expected in the Great South Channel, a few were sighted in the centralGulf of Maine, none were found in their usual late summer/early autumn feeding areas near Nova Scotia and a few were seen inMassachusetts Bay. The absence of right whales in the Great South Channel in 1992 can be attributed to a shift in the regional zooplanktoncommunity. The usual spring zooplankton of the region is strongly dominated by the calanoid copepod Calanus finmarchicus, verticallyand horizontally aggregated into dense patches which are the preferred foraging areas of right whales. The 1992 zooplankton was dominatedby pteropods, distributed evenly throughout the water column. It is possible, although unlikely, that pteropods are unacceptable prey forright whales. A more likely explanation is that their local densities within small-scale patches were below the energetic threshold requiredfor successful right whale feeding. The shift in zooplankton dominance in 1992 is likely related to significantly reduced water temperaturesand a delay in the development of the usual hydrographic structure of the region. The 1992 temperature and hydrographic anomalies, inturn, can be attributed principally to an unusually large influx of colder and fresher Scotian Shelf Water, and may have been enhanced bywidespread cooling of the Northern Hemisphere caused by sulphuric acid haze in the atmosphere from the June 1991 eruption of Pinatubovolcano in the Philippines.
Estimates of demographic parameters for southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) observed off Pen´ınsula Vald´es, Argentina
Authors: Cooke J. G. , Rowntree V. J. , Payne R.
Published: October 2020

Photographs of the right whales which occur between June and December in the waters surrounding Pen´ınsula Vald´es, Argentina, have been obtained from aerial surveys conducted each year from 1971 to the present. Resightings of previously catalogued individuals enable various demographic parameters to be estimated. From analyses of multiple resightings of females accompanied by calves, estimates of the following demographic parameters were obtained, based on the data collected during 1971-90: mean calving interval 3.35 yrs (SE = 0.05 yrs); mean age at first calving 9.1 yr (SE = 0.3 yr); adult female annual mortality rate 0.019 (SE = 0.005); annual percentage rate of population increase 6.9% (SE = 0.7%); reproductive female population size in 1990: 328 animals (SE = 21). No evidence of any trend with time in mean calving interval, mortality rate or rate of population increase was found.
Changing patterns of habitat use by southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) on their nursery ground at Península Valdés, Argentina, and in their long-range movements
Authors: Rowntree Victoria J. , Payne Roger S. , Schell Donald M.
Published: October 2020

Southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) have been studied on their nursery ground at Península Valdés, Argentina, every year since 1970. Since 1990, 1,208 individuals have been identified from photographs taken during annual aerial surveys; 618 whales were seen in two or more years. Patterns of habitat use have changed during the study in ways which suggest that right whales may be capable of substantial behavioral and ecological flexibility. One male and three females from Península Valdés have been sighted on other nursery grounds (Tristan da Cunha and southern Brazil). Three individuals from Península Valdés were sighted on feeding grounds off Shag Rocks and South Georgia. Some right whales from Península Valdés showed carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios very similar to those seen in right whales off South Africa, while others showed distinctive isotope ratios indicating that they fed in a different area. Whales of all ages and both sexes moved frequently between three major regions of concentration on the Península Valdés nursery ground. Subadults and adult females with calves were resighted at higher rates than adult males and females in non-calf years. Changes in the geographic distribution of whales at the Península include: (1) abandonment of a major region of concentration; (2) establishment of a nursery area adjacent to thecentre of a growing whalewatching industry; and (3) small-scale shifts in distribution, possibly in response to natural and human disturbances.
Occurrence of southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) along southeastern Brazil
Authors: De Oliveira Santo Marcos César , Siciliano Salvatore , Pacheco de Souza Shirley , Altmayer Pizzorno Jose Luis
Published: October 2020

This paper reports on the occurrence of southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) in southeastern Brazilian waters (18°S-25°S), withevidence of their use of the region as an important calving area. Only in recent years have right whale sightings and strandings been reportedregularly within the surveyed area. Of 71 distinct sightings reported since 1936, 39 (54.9%) were mother-calf pairs observed close to theshore. Most of these sightings (91.5%) were reported from early July to late October. Eight confirmed strandings of this species wereobserved within the surveyed area, six of which were between July and October. Stranded calves represented 62.5% of these records. Twocalves showed evidence of incidental capture. The increasing number of sightings, and recent reports of stranded calves and one adultfemale could be indicative of an increase in cetacean research efforts in the region. However, it also suggests use of the southeasternBrazilian coast as an important right whale calving area.
A description and summary of the Antarctic Humpback Whale Catalogue
Authors: Allen Judith , Carlson Carole , Stevick Peter T.
Published: October 2020

The Antarctic Humpback Whale Catalogue (AHWC) is an international collaborative project investigating movement patterns of humpback whales in the Southern Ocean and corresponding lower latitude waters. The collection contains records contributed by 261 researchers and opportunistic sources. Photographs come from all of the Antarctic management areas, the feeding grounds in southern Chile and also most of the known or suspected low-latitude breeding areas and span more than two decades. This allows comparisons to be made over all of the major regions used by  Southern Hemisphere humpback whales. The fluke, left dorsal fin/flank and right dorsal fin/flank collections represent 3,655, 413 and 407 individual whales respectively. There were 194 individuals resighted in more than one year, and 82 individuals resighted in more than one region. Resightings document movement along the western coast of South America and movement between the Antarctic Peninsula and western coast of South America and Central America. A single individual from Brazil was resighted off South Georgia, representing the first documented link between the Brazilian breeding ground and any feeding area. A second individual from Brazil was resighted off Madagascar, documenting long distance movement of a female between non-adjacent breeding areas. Resightings also include two matches between American Samoa and the Antarctic Peninsula, documenting the first known feeding site for American Somoa and setting a new long distance seasonal migration record. Three matches between Sector V and eastern Australia support earlier evidence provided by Discovery tags. Multiple resightings of individuals in the Antarctic Peninsula during more than one season indicate that humpback whales in this area show some degree of regional feeding area fidelity. The AHWC provides a powerful non-lethal and non-invasive tool for investigating the movements and population structure of the whales utilising the Southern Ocean Sanctuary. Through this methodical, coordinated comparison and maintenance of collections from across the hemisphere, large-scale movement patterns may be examined, both within the Antarctic, and from the Antarctic to breeding grounds at low latitudes.
Entanglement of humpback whales in artisanal fishing gear in Ecuador
Authors: Félix Fernando , Muñoz Mercedez , Falconí Jéssica , Botero Natalia , Haase Ben
Published: October 2020

Southeastern Pacific humpback whales (Breeding Stock G) congregate along the northwest coast of South America during the austral winter (July–October). Information collected from stranded animals for more than a decade in Ecuador and Colombia indicates that entanglement in fishing gearis a major threat for this population during the breeding season. Twelve new cases are reported here of live individual whales entangled in artisanalgillnets on the central coast of Ecuador from 2004 to 2007. The varying severity of the entanglement and the behaviour of the animals involvedindicated that they had differing chances of survival. The findings confirm that the problem persists, although the impact on the population isunknown. The necessity of taking conservation measures to reduce the current level of entanglement is reiterated. Creation and training of rescueteams seems an appropriate alternative in the short-term, but in the long-term it will be necessary to design and implement actions with a widerregional scope, since the problem extends also to at least other two neighbouring countries.
Migration and summer destinations of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the western South Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Zerbini Alexandre N. , Andriolo Artur , Heide-Jorgensen Mads Peter , Moreira Sergio C. , Pizzorno Jose Luis , Maia Ygor G. , Vanblaricom Glenn R. , DeMaster Douglas P.
Published: October 2020

Southern Hemisphere humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) migrate from wintering grounds in tropical latitudes to feeding areas in the Antarctic Ocean. In 2003 and 2005, satellite transmitters were deployed on humpback whales on their wintering grounds off the eastern coast of South America (Breeding Stock A). Seven whales were tracked for a period of 16 to 205 days travelling between 902 and 7,258km. The tracks of these whales provided partial or full information on the migratory schedule, migration routes and location of the feeding ground in the Southern Oceans. Whales departed from the coast of Brazil from late October to late December between 20˚ and 25˚S and gradually moved away from the South American coast as they moved towards high latitudes. They followed a somewhat direct, linear path, with an approximate geographic heading of 170˚. Satellite telemetry data indicated that the migratory corridors are restricted to a relatively narrow (~500–800km) strip in the South Atlantic Ocean. Migration speed to the feeding grounds averaged 80.2km/day and lasted from 40–58 days. Four individuals arrived at the feeding ground located to the north of the South Sandwich Islands, where they were tracked up to 102 days. Movements in this area were erratic at a mean travelling speed of 22.3km/day. Satellite telemetry data indicate that the main feeding grounds for the population wintering off eastern South America lie between 22˚W and 33˚W and in the southern South Atlantic Ocean south of the Antarctic Convergence but north of 60˚S. This is only partially consistent with the currently proposed stock boundaries for this population on the feeding grounds.
Population growth of Australian East coast humpback whales, observed from Cape Byron, 1998 to 2004
Authors: Paton David A. , Kniest Rric
Published: October 2020

Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) that migrate past the east coast of Australia comprise part of Group V (E(i) breeding stock). From1995 to 2004 an annual 16 day survey was conducted from Cape Byron (28°37’S, 153°38’E), the most easterly point on the Australian mainland,monitoring the peak of the humpback whale northern migration. The annual rate of increase between 1998 and 2004 of humpback whales observedoff Cape Byron is 11.0% (95% CI 2.3–20.5%). This rate of increase is consistent with that recorded from other studies of the humpback whalepopulation off the east coast of Australia. The large confidence intervals associated with this estimate are due to considerable inter-annual variationin counts. The most likely explanation for this being the short survey period, which may not have always coincided with the peak of migration, andin some years a large proportion of whales passed Cape Byron at a greater distance out to sea, making sightability more difficult.
Abundance of East coast Australian humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in 2005 estimated using multi-point sampling and capture-recapture analysis
Authors: Paton David A. , Brooks Lyndon , Burns Daniel , Franklin Trish , Franklin Wally , Harrison Peter , Baverstock Peter
Published: October 2020

The humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) that migrate along the east coast of Australia were hunted to near extinction during the lastcentury. This remnant population is part of Breeding Stock E. Previous abundance estimates for the east Australian portion of Breeding Stock Ehave been based mainly on land-based counts. Here we present a capture-recapture abundance estimate for this population using photo-identificationdata. These data were collected at three locations on the migration route (Byron Bay – northern migration, Hervey Bay and Ballina – southernmigration) in order to estimate the population of humpback whales that migrated along the east coast of Australia in 2005. The capture-recapturedata were analysed using a variety of closed population models with a model-averaged estimate of 7,041 (95% CI 4,075–10,008) whales.
Estimates of population growth rates of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the wintering grounds off the coast of Brazil (Breeding Stock A)
Authors: Ward Eric , Zerbini Alexandre N. , Kinas Paul G. , Engel Marcia H. , Andriolo Artur
Published: October 2020

Humpback whales wintering off the eastern coast of Brazil were heavily exploited by commercial whaling in the Southern Hemisphere. During recent years, clear signs of recovery have been observed, but few estimates of population growth rate exist. In this study, quantitative estimates of rates of population increase are obtained from sighting per unit of effort data (1995–98) using generalised linear models and maximum likelihood estimation. The error distributions considered for the models were Poisson and negative binomial. Predictors of the number of sightings included the year, month and 2-week periods during which the sightings were made. Predictors were treated as factors or numeric variables. For the numeric variables, quadratic dependence was also considered for each predictor to allow for possible non-linear relationships. Using Akaike Information Criterion (AICc) as a model selection criterion, the best model included year and month as continuous predictors. The data indicated strong support for the negative binomial over the Poisson models, but did not support models based on a finer temporal scale than month. Assuming year to be a linear predictor, the best estimate of the growth rate for the population wintering off Brazil was 7.4% per year (95% CI = 0.6–14.5%) during the period 1995–98. This estimate provides additional quantitative evidence that this population has been increasing and is consistent with the observed growth rates of other humpback whale stocks.
Concerning demographic limitations on the population growth rate of West Australian (Breeding Stock D) humpback whales
Authors: Brandão A. , Butterworth D.S.
Published: October 2020

The upper bound of 0.126 on the maximum demographically possible annual growth rate for humpback whales that has standardly been imposedon recent applications of age-aggregated assessment models for this species in the IWC Scientific Committee, is based on an analysis that assumessteady age structure. It is conceivable that transient age-structure effects could admit greater population growth rates for short periods than suggestedby such a bound. This possibility is addressed by developing an age-structured population model in which possible density dependent changes inpregnancy rate, age at first parturition and natural mortality are modelled explicitly, and allowance is made for the possibility of natural mortalityincreasing at older ages. The model is applied to the case of the west Australian humpback whale population (Breeding Stock D), for which breedingground surveys over the 1982–1994 period provide a point estimate of 0.10 for the annual population growth rate. Results based upon the breedingpopulation survey estimate of abundance of 10,032 in 1999 suggest that 0.12 is the maximum demographically feasible annual rate of increase forthis stock over 1982–1994 if it is a closed population. This result is based on essentially the same parameter choices as led to the earlier r = 0.126bound, i.e. that in the limit of low population size the age at first parturition approaches five years from above, the annual pregnancy rate 0.5 frombelow, and the annual natural mortality rate 0.01 from above. Transient effects do not appear able to reconcile the observed rate of increase withless extreme values of demographic parameters than led to the previously imposed upper bound of 0.126 on the maximum possible annual growthrate. Although use of extreme values reported for demographic parameters for Northern Hemisphere humpback whale populations, rather than thoseconsidered here, would reduce this suggested maximum rate of 0.12, the conclusion that transient effects have a very limited impact on observedpopulation growth rates would be unlikely to change.
INFLUENCE OF HEADTEACHERS’ INVOLVEMENT OF FEMALE TEACHERS ON GIRLS’ ACCESS TO PUBLIC PRIMARY EDUCATION IN GARISSA SUB-COUNTY, GARISSA COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Osman Garat Hassan , Njoroge Benson , Kenei Reuben
Published: October 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of headteachers’ involvement of female teachers on girls’ access to primary education in Garissa Sub-County, Garissa County, Kenya. The study was guided by the Management Practices and Pearson’s Gender Relations Theories.

Methodology: The study adopted mixed methodology and descriptive survey research design. Data analysis began by identifying common themes. The target population comprised of 28 headteachers, 302 teachers, 873 girls in classes VII & VIII and three (3) Curriculum Support Officers (CSOs) totaling to 1206 from which 300 respondents were determined using Yamane’s Formula. Stratified sampling was used to create three strata based on the number of zones in Garissa Sub-County. From each zone, four headteachers and 56 teachers were selected using simple random sampling to avoid bias. The procedures adopted enabled the researcher to sample 12 headteachers, 168 teachers, 117 girls in classes VII & VIII and three (3) CSOs. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically along the objectives and presented in narrative forms. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages and inferentially using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 23) and presented using tables.

Findings: The study established that headteachers’ management practices such as involvement of female teachers influence the number of girls who are enrolled into primary schools.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: Thus, the study recommends that the Ministry of Education should recruit and work with female teachers to enhance girls’ access to primary education and to inform future policy development.
A Study On Burnout Syndrome and Employee Retention in a Private Hospital During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Joy Pheno Mon , Venkatesh S.
Published: October 2020

The aim of this study was to assess the employee’s burnout and its impact during COVID 19 pandemic. the study which is about burnout and its impact in employees was conducted in a reputed multi-speciality hospital in Kerala during covid-19. the study is done with all possibilities to find out the burnout syndrome among the healthcare professionals, as they are the most vulnerable group in this pandemic. the stress of the employees was about to protect themselves, their family and giving compassionate care to the affected people. as the study is not meant to find out the medical aspect of burnout, it has not taken into consideration the medical aspect and hormonal impacts. as employees believe, the healthcare workers need to take extra precaution during this time, which made them more stressful.
A Study on the Influence of Instagram on Business Development of Unorganised Netpreneurs Among Various Popular Social Media Platforms
Authors: Thomas Sibichan , Rajendran S.
Published: October 2020

Social networking sites have become a new tool in marketing. A large number of companies already use Instagram as a platform for marketing. Myriads of opportunities are waiting for retailers through social media networks. Instagram based platform provides retailers a new arena. Most of the netpreneurs are using Instagram for customer relations, and to introduce new brands to the customers. It has also been proved as one of the cost effective marketing method for retailers. Throughout the study and survey, it has been proved that about 90% of respondents agree that Instagram is one among the top social sites, that supports marketing. Most of the netpreneurs use different tactics in business, by putting offers and promotion. Instagram could be used as a better platform for the collaboration of different netpreneurs to handle the tasks. Though social media marketing is time consuming, by outsourcing netpreneurs can overcome the main hurdle in this marketing strategy.
Digging Up the Narrative: Forensic Practices between Objectivity and Interpretation
Authors: Andergassen Lisa
Published: October 2020

Photography traditionally generates a truth-claim, while at the same time undermining it by holding the potential of being altered or staged. Since the rise of digital techniques, we are facing different (and easier) ways to manipulate pictures, leading to the notion of the digital photograph as generally mutable and therefore not trustworthy. But as there have been more and easier ways to “manipulate” photographs, so has there been an increase in the ways to detect them. Which today puts digital forensics in the position of re-establishing “reality” as a referential point by tracing every step of the process of alteration, turning the dubitative image into one that is doubt-free once its metadata has been analysed. But is this the whole story? By addressing digital forensic practices that have been used within the investigation of the Abu Ghraib torture scandal, I am showing that the hidden narrative of photographic production can be dug up by using forensic methods, but not without creating a new narrative.
The Many Faces of Camouflage
Authors: Babnik Jan
Published: October 2020

The article investigates the relationship between social control and camouflage in contemporary conditions of new visibility from the perspective of digitalisation of photographic image and its increased integration into military and surveillance technologies. The author investigates the play of visibility and invisibility, of hiding and exposing, implied in traditional understanding of camouflage under the changed conditions of referentiality and visibility through a number of examples, ranging from surveillance projects aimed at preventing human rights violations to the military use of drones and artistic projects that either critique the new means of social control, or offer strategies of resistance to individuals.
Vital Brazil e o pioneirismo na utilização de venenos animais como agentes terapêuticos
Authors: Tavassi Ana Marisa Chudzinski , Picolo Gisele , Pasqualoto Kerly Fernanda Mesquita , Cury Yara
Published: October 2020

O caráter investigativo e visionário fez do médico Vital Brazil um grande cientista, reconhecido nacional e internacionalmente. Vital Brazil sempre demonstrou visão inovadora sobre venenos e toxinas animais, sugerindo o potencial terapêutico e buscando a comprovação científica deste potencial por meio de estudos direcionados. Venenos, toxinas e secreções animais são considerados fontes naturais importantes à obtenção de compostos bioativos. Estes compostos têm sido utilizados como fonte para obtenção de novos compostos líderes e também como ferramentas para investigação de receptores, canais iônicos e enzimas. Contudo, apesar de diversos compostos obtidos de venenos animais terem sido descobertos e testados nas últimas décadas, raros chegaram, de fato, ao mercado. Processos de desenvolvimento de novos fármacos desta natureza requerem grandes investimentos de tempo e de dinheiro, sem garantia de sucesso. O surgimento de novas técnicas tanto de síntese química, como de triagem de atividade farmacológica, contribuiu sobremaneira para a preferência das indústrias farmacêuticas emde fontes naturais. Porém, as coleções de milhões de compostos, resultantes da era da abordagem combinatória, não corresponderam ao sucesso esperado. A evolução dos métodos de síntese de peptídeos permitiu que modificações na estrutura química de compostos de origem natural (animal) fossem planejadas a fim de melhorar a estabilidade e a biodisponibilidade oral de peptídeos. Assim, no novo milênio, a indústria farmacêutica retomou os investimentos em produtos de origem natural, tanto em candidatos a fármacos, como compostos líderes para serem otimizados no processo de desenvolvimento. O avanço das ciências “ômicas” também contribuiu, de forma significativa, no processo mais racional de descoberta de novos candidatos a fármacos e de novos protótipos, além da identificação de novos alvos moleculares. A estratégia de descoberta mais racional associada à biotecnologia tem permitido que compostos de origem natural (animal) tenham grande destaque tanto no processo de desenvolvimento de novas vacinas como de novos biofármacos.
A peste Bubonica em Santos pelo Dr. Vital Brazil
Authors: Brazil Vital
Published: October 2020

.
A história da descoberta dos Introns I. A descoberta dos genes interrompidos e dos introns de pré-mRNAs
Authors: Mayer Mario Gustavo
Published: October 2020

A partir da determinação da estrutura da molécula informacional ácido desoxirribonucleico (DNA) feita no ano de 1953 por Watson e Crick, a biologia molecular teve um desenvolvimento fantástico que culminou, nos tempos atuais, com a possibilidade de determinação da sequência de nucleotídeos que correspondem à totalidade do conteúdo informacional de diversos organismos. A descoberta da configuração de genes interrompidos, com a discriminação de sequências denominadas exons e introns, foi um passo fundamental para o entendimento da arquitetura,funcionamento e regulação da expressão dos genes. Este é um artigo inicial de uma série que tem como objetivo fazer um levantamento dos experimentos fundamentais da descoberta dos vários tipos de introns. Descrevemos os antecedentes e a descoberta dos genes interrompidos de pré-mRNAs, os quais dão início à descrição desse tipo de organização gênica. O resgate da história da descoberta dos genes interrompidos e a descrição dos processos e métodos implicados têm sua importância na origem do vasto arsenal de técnicas e análises utilizadas nos estudos dos mecanismos de regulação gênica hoje em dia, a qual tem profundo impacto em várias atividades humanas.
EFECTO DE LA RENOVACIÓN DE PRADERAS CON GRAMÍNEAS Y LEGUMINOSAS SOBRE LA CONCENTRACIÓN DE MICROORGANISMOS FUNCIONALES EN SUELOS ÁCIDOS
Authors: Cádernas Castro Estrella , Sánchez Espinosa Jorge , Barrera Cárdenas Fredy Ariel , Tenjo Morales Ana Isabel , Espitia Barrera José Edilson
Published: October 2020

La microbiota del suelo es fundamental para el mantenimiento de la vida sobre la Tierra. En el presente estudio, se analizaron en suelos ácidos los efectos del laboreo y la renovación de parcelas con gramíneas y leguminosas sobre microorganismos fijadores de nitrógeno (MFN), actinomicetes y microorganismos solubilizadores de fosfatos (MSF). El suelo fue sometido a laboreo y se fertilizó con 257 kg/ha de cal dolomita y 428 kg/ha de fosfato Thomas. En las parcelas renovadas con gramíneas (PG) se sembraron cuatro especies de pastos y en parcelas leguminosa (PL) fue sembrada Cratylia argentea. No se realizó intervención al suelo de las parcelas control (PC). 24 meses después de la renovación de parcelas, se tomaron quince muestras de suelo por parcela. Para hacer al análisis microbiológico, se utilizó el método conteo en placa por siembra en superficie. En suelos de PG y PL el porcentaje del promedio de UFC/g de MFN fue del 81%, similar a las PC (82%); mientras que, en Actinomicetes fue menor del 16% y en MSF fue menor del 10%. El suelo de PG fue ligeramente favorable para Actinomicetes; mientras que el suelo de PL tuvo algún efecto positivo en los MSF