bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The prevalence, genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus associated with subclinical bovine mastitis in Balikesir, Turkey
Authors: Tavsanli Hakan , Cibik Recep
Published: March 2022

Subclinical mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus is very common in dairy cows and creates serious problems on dairy farms. In this study, we investigated the prevalence, genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of S. aureus from subclinical bovine mastitis on 12 dairy herds in Balikesir province of Turkey, by SCCmec and spa typing. Ninety-five isolates of S. aureus were isolated from 725 subclinical mastitic milk samples that exceeded the somatic cell count (SCC) limit of 4 x 105 cell/mL. The frequency of MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and MSSA (methicillin-sensitive S. aureus) was 6.3% (6 isolates) and 93.68% (89 isolates) respectively. SCCmec types of MRSA isolates were community-associated CA-MRSA type IVb (4 isolates) and type IVd (two isolates), while the spa types were T 005 and T 5163 (three isolates from each). The resistance rate of MRSA isolates was 100% for oxacillin and cefoxitin, 83% for penicillin, ampicillin, clindamycin, erythromycin and 66% for gentamicin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. However, compared to MRSA, the resistance of MSSA isolates was relatively lower. This study supported the scientific data on the occurrence of MRSA and MSSA in subclinical mastitis, and highlighted the need for preventive measures to eliminate or decrease S. aureus contamination of milk in dairy herds.
The influence of chitosan oligosaccharide on some hematological parameters in rats exposed to cadmium
Authors: Kisadere Ihsan , Aydin Mehmet F. , Dönmez Hasan H.
Published: March 2022

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) on some hematological parameters, and define the percentage of alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) positive lymphocytes in rats that had been exposed to cadmium (Cd). Thirty-two (n = 32) male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups as the control (C), chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), cadmium (Cd), and Cd + COS (CdCOS) groups. Blood samples were collected to assess erythrocytes (RBC), leukocytes (WBC), hemoglobin levels (HGB), hematocrit values (HCT), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), platelets (PLT), and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) positive lymphocytes. The number of WBCs significantly increased in the Cd group compared to the C, CdCOS, and COS groups (P<0.05). Although the lymphocyte count decreased significantly in the Cd group (P<0.05), it was ameliorated by COS treatment in the CdCOS group compared to the Cd group (P<0.05). Also, the percentage of peripheral blood ANAE positive lymphocytes decreased significantly in the CdCOS and Cd groups (P<0.05). COS exhibits a partially protective effect on some hematological characteristics, apart from the percentage of ANAE positive lymphocyte in cases of chronic Cd exposure.
The histological and immunohistochemical features of a metastatic mammary carcinosarcoma in a dog - a case report
Authors: Tunc Arda S. , Taşdemir Arzu , Rocchigiani Guido , Karaman Hatice , Güneş Vehbi , Ekebaş Görkem , Ekinci Gencay , Bayram Latife Ç.
Published: March 2022

A carcinosarcoma is a tumor composed of cells morphologically resembling both malignant epithelial and mesenchymal components. An 11-year-old, female, mixed-breed terrier was referred to the clinic with complaints of anorexia, vomiting and exercise intolerance. Clinically, tumoral masses were seen in the mammary glands. During necropsy, multilobulated calcified masses were observed in several visceral organs (the liver, kidneys, lungs, small intestines, lymph nodes and thyroid) and both right and left (3rd and 4th) mammary glands. Immunohistochemically, Thyroglobulin, SMA, TTF-1, S100, CD34, and p53 were negative in both epithelial and mesenchymal areas, however, Ki-67 showed high proliferation, especially in the mesenchymal areas. While the positivity of vimentin expression was high in the mesenchymal component of the tumor, the positivity of cytokeratin (CK7 and CK19) expressions was high in the epithelial component of the tumor. In the case of a carcinosarcoma, there is a probability that not only the carcinomatous part, but also the sarcomatous part will metastasize. Despite being uncommon, canine carcinosarcomas should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of mixed mammary tumors, if they include both components. There have not been many previous studies dealing with the metastasis of a mammary carcinosarcoma in dogs as an aggressive tumor. Therefore, we consider this report a worthy contribution and have defined the multiple organ metastasis of a mammary carcinosarcoma.
Evaluation of the prophylactic potential of non-enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (non-ETEC) vaccine immunization and dietary mannan oligosaccharide competitive exclusion benefits against ETEC infections in weaned pigs
Authors: Valpotić Hrvoje , Svoboda Davor , Špoljarić Daniel , Leiner Denis , Špoljarić Branimira , Vijtiuk Nada , Habrun Boris , Capak Hrvoje , Vidas Željko , Vince Silvijo , Maćešić Nino , Samardžija Marko , Popović Maja , Kovšca Janjatović Ana , Lacković Gordana , Valpotić Ivica , Đurić Jarić Martina , Marković Franjo
Published: March 2022

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains expressing F4 and F18 fimbriae are the most common causative agents of post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD) in pigs. The growing global restriction on the use of antibiotics in food animals has encouraged research into the development of nutritional and feeding strategies as well as vaccination against PWD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a live oral F4ac+ F18ac+ non-ETEC vaccine candidate (VAC) to stimulate gut and systemic cellular immunity in 4-week old pigs over 5 weeks following immunization. The onset and duration of protective immunity against on-farm occurring PWD, growth performance, diarrhoea scoring and mortality, as well as the phenotypic proportions of immune cells, were determined. Faecal and ileal samples were taken for determining the microbial composition or phenotyping of naïve/memory T cells. Also, the effect of prebiotic supplement mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) in the prevention of small intestinal colonization by ETEC, and its potential adjuvanticity in combination with the vaccine (VAC+MOS) were assessed. The pigs supplemented with MOS or that received VAC had significantly higher body weight (BW) (P<0.05) on Day 14, whereas the VAC+MOS treated pigs had significantly lower BW on Day 35. Treatment with VAC+MOS resulted in considerably reduced clinical PWD, in particular the incidence and severity of diarrhoea and mortality. The total bacterial load in the ileum was much lower in the pigs from all 3 principal groups (MOS, VAC, and VAC+MOS) than in the control (CON) group (19 x 107, 17 x 107 and 12 x 107 vs. 23 x 108 CFU/mL, respectively) on Day 35. The pigs from the principal groups had significantly higher proportions of tested immune cells (P<0.05) on Days 28 and 35. The localization and frequency of naive CD45RA+ and memory CD45RC+ T lymphocytes indicated their different distribution patterns within particular tissue structures, such as the villi, crypts, epithelium, lamina propria and areas (interfollicular follicular and Peyer’s patches) of ileal mucosa. This may indicate their different functions in intestinal immune responses to intraluminal microbes and their products, vaccinal immunogens and/or immunomodulators/adjuvants. To conclude, active mucosal immunity is needed to protect pigs against PWD. Hence, oral vaccination of pigs against both F4 and F18 ETEC, in combination with prebiotic supplementation represents a sustainable, practical and effective approach in PWD control.
Video on demand: an easy way to watch movies – studies on consumer behavior
Authors: Pancaningrum Erminati , Rizaldy Dify Virginia
Published: March 2022

Watching movies is an activity that many people do to get rid of fatigue after doing quite tiring daily activities. In the past, watching movies could only do by going to the cinema with determined showtimes, but as technology develops grow so fast, now watching movies possible to do anytime and anywhere using video on demand. This research background is the result of pre-research which shows there is a shifting phenomenon in consumer behavior who in the beginning watched movies in theaters then switched to using on-demand services. This research has a purpose to explore the existing phenomenon, also analyze the reasons behind movie lovers use video on demand to watch movies. This research is qualitative research by using the data source as in-depth interviews with 5 informants, document collection, and triangulation of data sourcesconducted by researchers. The results of the data are analyzed using the open coding method, axial coding, and selective coding by paying attention to the aspects of trustworthiness. The result of this research shows some factors become the reasons someone watching movies uses video on demand that is; hobby, flexibility, emotional motive, patronage motive, rational motive, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and rerun.
A study of Korean drama and Indonesian teenager’s perception on images of South Korea as a potential tourist destination
Authors: Titania Dita Dwi Maura , Haryanto Jony Oktavian
Published: March 2022

The popularity of Korean culture among teenagers around the world has made many teenagers, including Indonesian teenagers, affected by this culture. This Korean culture well known as Korean Wave or Hallyu. Korean Wave or Hallyu is a term to describe South Korean pop culture that has been successfully exported across the globe, including Indonesia. In Indonesia, Korean Wave or Hallyu products were introduced through the Korean television series called Korean drama. The objectives of this study are to determine how the teenagers in Indonesia perceive South Korean images as a destination that is seen in Korean dramas and could lead to the intention to visit South Korea in the future, to find out what are the impacts of watching Korean drama on consumer decision-making on Korean products and to find out whether watching Korean drama could increase the brand awareness towards a brand on Indonesian teenagers. This study uses qualitative methodology. Informants in this study were Indonesian teenagers range age 20-21 years old. Data collection for this study is obtained through interviews. By conducting this research, the researcher hopes to increase readers' insight into consumer decision-making that is influenced by the Korean Drama. The researcher hopes that this study may help future researchers who will conduct similar research from different aspects.
Developing methods of evaluating online data for internet business promotion
Authors: Kurcheeva Galina Ivanovna , Titova Viktoriya
Published: March 2022

Rapid development of the information technologies leads to a continuous replenishment of the Internet marketing tools. The problem of introducing a new mechanism for evaluating results for improving the effectiveness of promoting goods and services in the Internet environment can be attributed to the most important ones. Gaps in comprehension of the problem in relation to web analytics in Russia have been indicated. Studying the main theoretical basis for changing the approach to marketing measures was conducted to increase the efficiency of businesses in the Russian Internet market. The direction of web analytics development in Russia has been defined. The Russian researches are found to focus on the practical part. There are considered the methods of obtaining economic data from the web analytics systems. The problems of business development in the Internet environment in Russia have been defined. As a result, it has been inferred that the existing methods of performance assessment are not applicable. The classification of performance evaluation parameters has been developed. The parameters were divided into 3 levels, depending on the metrics. The first level is associated with presentations, clicks, expenses on advertisements, the second level - with conversion and its cost, the third - with return on investment (ROI). The parameters were divided into the status and economic aspects, depending on their impact on the brand and on the financial condition of the business. According to the developed classification, the process of forming a marketing event was arranged; it is based on definition of the effectiveness level, which the company can achieve. There has been created and illustrated the sequence of events to evaluate the effectiveness of business in the Internet environment.
Republic of Iran: embedding in global trends in development of world economy
Authors: Myedvyedyeva Marina Borisovna , Starodubtsyeva Elena Borisovna
Published: March 2022

The Islamic Republic of Iran, as an actor in the world economy, is developing in accordance with the emerging trends, however, the manifestation of these trends is quite individual. The place and role of Iran in the modern world are considered, the features of its development and expansion of cooperation, primarily, trade in the conditions of imposed sanctions are analyzed. It was stated that Iran also pursues a protectionist policy towards a number of countries. It is proved that Iran is quite seriously implemented in the world economy, which allows us to talk about the manifestation of the main trends in the Iranian economy, in particular, development and regionalization, within the framework of which Iran’s cooperation and promising relations with the EAEU within the framework of a member of this organization, cooperation with China and India within the framework of the Silk Road Economic Belt initiative and the Transcontinental Transport Corridor “North-South”, the Organization for Economic Cooperation. It is said that Iran does not remain aloof from the development of the digitalization and from the circulation of cryptocurrencies, the introduction of digital money, the development of its own payment system, its own Internet. There are considered the means of regulating this area, in particular, of mining and of developing digital money. The impact of the pandemic on the development of the considered trends is proved. The factors determining the future development of Iran are identified. It has been inferred that global trends will continue to manifest themselves in six main scenarios: from the great economic decline (least likely) to the economic prosperity. It is found that further economic transformations carried out under the influence of these trends will contribute to the development of the country.
Integration of science and entrepreneurship as factor in development of Russia’s innovation potential
Authors: Kinzyabulatova Guzel'
Published: March 2022

The innovative development of the economy largely depends on the balance and effectiveness of communications between the scientific sector and entrepreneurship. Interest in scientific and industrial cooperation in modern conditions is increasing and associated with the emergence of uncertainty, limited access to information, rising costs, the emergence of various kinds of risks, as well as market changes. In such conditions, mutually beneficial cooperation between science and entrepreneurship allows to unlock the diverse potential of the two sectors and increase the efficiency of their activities. The importance and necessity to develop measures to ensure the integration of science and entrepreneurship to achieve their balanced development have been substantiated. There are identifies the areas of intersection of mutual interests of the scientific sector and entrepreneurship: the labor market and the intellectual property market. The modern education system of the Russian Federation is considered, the features associated with an increase in the number of students and the number of vocational education institutions and a decrease in the number of students of higher education institutions are analyzed. The problems affecting the quality of training of specialists in secondary vocational and higher education are listed: fragmented financing, the state of the material and technical base of institutions, the salary level of teaching staff, etc. The indicators of the level of cooperation between science and entrepreneurship and the measures that are being applied to stimulate the interaction of these sectors in Russia are studied in details. A correlation analysis was carried out between the indicator of the volume of innovative goods, works, services produced by Russian enterprises and indicators characterizing activity in scientific activity. The balance of the relationship between science and entrepreneurship in the Russian Federation has been defined. According to the analysis there have been appointed the problems of the scientific sector and entrepreneurship that arise during research and development, and measures are proposed to ensure the balanced development of both sectors.
Identification of effective channels and methods for promoting university educational services
Authors: Kmet' Elena Borisovna
Published: March 2022

Research in the field of promotion includes a large number of areas necessary for planning, evaluating the effectiveness of promotion activities, tracking the evolution of media preferences and media behavior of consumers, analyzing the formation of a company's brand, and more. Currently, universities are spending significant funds and efforts to promote their educational services in the economic areas of training in the conditions of intense competition in this market. The identification of effective channels and methods of promotion based on field quantitative research in the form of a survey of first-year students will serve as the basis for the development of promotion activities that will ensure the achievement of the intended goals at the lowest cost. The methods of identifying effective channels and methods for promoting educational services of universities includes the research process, the structure of the questionnaire and the technology for processing survey results in a static package. The structure of the questionnaire includes questions to identify effective channels and methods for promoting the educational services of the university, to describe media preferences, media behavior, portraits of respondents and factors influencing consumer decisions. The proposed technology for processing survey results in a statistical package includes a descriptive (frequency) analysis and testing of hypotheses about the presence of a relationship between multiple variables based on the calculation of Pearson’s Chi-square. The verification of the proposed methodology was carried out on the basis of a survey of first-year students studying in the economic areas of training at the Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service. The results of testing the put forward hypotheses confirm that the study should be carried out on the basis of a survey of first-year students studying in the areas of one enlarged group of economic areas of training. The results obtained are of practical interest for planning the promotion of educational services of universities in the economic areas of training.
Fact-checking Public Claims in Romania. A Case Study on Factual.ro
Authors:   Universit of Central Florida, WRIGHT Chrysalis , GATLIN Kwame ,   Universit of Central Florida, RIVERA Renee ,   Universit of Central Florida
Published: March 2022

This study was an experimental design that examined the effects of hard news and fake news related to the COVID-19 pandemic on participants levels of COVID-19 related knowledge, attitudes, anxiety, and intent to engage in protective measures to prevent the spread of the virus. We also examined sociodemographic factors (race, age, biological sex, political affiliation, RWA, social class) that were hypothesized to be directly related to COVID-19 related outcomes. Participants included 327 college students from a large southeastern public university in the United States who were primed with either fake news, hard news, or no news prior to completing an online questionnaire. We found differences in COVID-19 related outcomes based on experimental condition, but not in the predicted direction. Participants in the fake news condition had higher levels of COVID-19 knowledge, more positive attitudes related to the pandemic, and reported a higher intent to engage in protective measures. Participants in the hard news condition reported lower levels of COVID-19 knowledge, an increase in anxiety, and less intent to engage in protective measures. We also found a direct effect on COVID-19 related outcomes based on sociodemographic factors, particularly political orientation and RWA. Results are discussed specific to the college student population and should be helpful to those involved in policy making regarding social media, fake news, public health, and COVID-19 health recommendations for this population.
Fact-checking Public Claims in Romania. A Case Study on Factual.ro
Authors:   National University of Political Studies and Public Administration, Bucharest, Romania, CĂLIN Iuliana
Published: March 2022

This paper addresses the errors of the Romanian public communication in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic (March-December 2020), classified as disinformation by fact-checking website Factual.ro. The focus is on public claims made on the Facebook platform by political representatives through their personal accounts or public pages. One of the main findings is that the public statements tagged as False came from Facebook pages/accounts with a high visibility and reached the highest engagement rates, as compared to other fact-checked claims. Although this research paper covers only a small part of the public statements during the 2020 coronavirus pandemic, it offers a glimpse into the strategic communication flaws, which can be a starting point in anticipating the effects of social policies.
Does Politics Influence Crisis Communication? An Analysis of Health Minister Nelu Tătaru’s Discourses During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, PODAR Bogdan , VOINA Andreea ,   Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Published: March 2022

Crises are special instances in which leadership figures test their public communication skills. The COVID-19 pandemic represents one of these scenarios, in which responsible institutions are required to manage a communication process that provides information and builds trust amongst the public. To assess communication efficiency, it is essential to put under a lens the communication efforts of political leaders mandated to communicate with the public. This paper analyzes the communication of Romanian health minister Nelu Tătaru, one of the critical voices managing pandemic communication in the country. To illustrate the communicational profile of the leader investigation, this research aims to investigate how the subject navigated between crisis communication and political communication throughout his public statements. Building on crisis communication research, this paper displays the discursive approaches of Tătaru’s COVID-19 rhetoric in 2020. The analysis of the Health Minister’s discourses reveals an overview of the approach to crisis communication by main political actors. The results show a lack of accuracy, predictability, and clarity of the messages transmitted to the public. What is more, the results of the discourse analysis reflect a tendency of discourses in the Romanian public sphere towards populist messages, which intensely use elements of partisan, subjective or wooden language, to divert attention from the main issues.
The Role of Regulatory Focus, Self-Esteem, and Mood in Social Comparisons with Mediated Extreme Targets — Selective Exposure to News about the Rich and the Poor
Authors:   Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, KÓSA István , BALINT Blanka ,   Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania
Published: March 2022

In a quasi-experiment, high-school students’ (N=252) chronic regulatory focus, self-esteem, and mood were taken into account to predict patterns of selective exposure to headlines about the rich and poor. Partly consistent with Gerber et al. (2017) meta-analysis, there is a strong preference for upward choices in a negative mood. We nuanced this result by referring to the role of news valence in selective exposure demonstrating that the selection of negative news about the rich is typical in negative mood. Results regarding the selective exposure to headlines about the poor corroborate only with Wheeler and Miyakes’ (1992) finding that respondents selected down-ward comparison targets in a positive mood. The selective exposure self- and affect-management model (SESAM, Knobloch-Westerwick, 2015) may serve as a theoretical framework for explaining the result. Besides income inequality literature, the discussion is based on the Wu et al. (2018) finding, and it suggests that the selection of headlines about the rich could be linked to a positive stereotyping process. We would call this process of accepting one’s own culture as it is by social comparisons to make the unequal word supportable as soothing social comparison. The same logic was applied to the poor.
Measuring Video Game Dedication: The Development and Validation of Casual Hardcore Assortment Scale
Authors:   Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, GHEȚĂU Cosmin
Published: March 2022

Gaming literature has noticed for a long-time the existence of two distinct types of video game players. In the current paper, we are proposing a scale that aims to differentiate gamers between two types: hardcore and casual. Casual players invest limited time and resources in video games and are not taking the games too seriously. Their counterparts, hardcore gamers, do the opposite, such as investing substantial monetary and emotional resources in video games, personalizing their private objects in line with their hobbies, spending more in-game time, and taking games more seriously. Based on the characteristics mentioned above, we propose in this paper a 5-item scale called Casual Hardcore Assortment Scale (CHG). The items of the scale look at the following characteristics that distinguish the hardcore player: monetary investments, cultural investments, emotional investments, and time spent in the game. The answers are on a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5, a higher score indicating a more pronounced presence of the previously mentioned characteristics. That would suggest a high match of the respondent in the typology of the hardcore player. The scale has been tested on a sample of 492 respondents and it showed acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = .75).
FOLLOWING JESUS CHRIST. UNDERSTANDING ORTHODOX MISSION TODAY, IN THEORY AND PRAXIS
Authors: VOULGARAKI Evi
Published: March 2022

The following article examines the notion of mission linked to discipleship and witness to Christ. It highlights the basics of Orthodox Theology of Mission according to the Orthodox heritage and modern theological thinking, taking also into consideration catholicity and unity in space and time. It discusses the reemergence of missionary awareness in the late 20th century and the problems facing our missional theology in pluralistic modern times. It concludes by examining the actual possibilities and shortcomings of Orthodox mission in the 21st century as well as recent initiatives to re-energize missionary vision and missiological scholarship in the Orthodox churches.
THE HOLY AND GREAT COUNCIL AND THE ORTHODOX DIASPORA. NATIONAL TEMPTATIONS AND MISSIONARY CHALLENGES
Authors: KERAMIDAS Dimitrios
Published: March 2022

This article explores the issue of the Orthodox diaspora from an ecclesiological, nationalist and missionary perspective. To achieve these themes, the article is divided into four main parts. In the first part, is evaluated the new situation of the Mother Orthodox Churches, founding new canonical territories. At the same time, the rule of having only one bishop in a city was violated, leading to parallel canonical jurisdictions. Unfortunately, most of the time this reality is created because of national interests and not missionaries. However, the solution can only be obtained synodically. In the second part, where he talks about the document Orthodox Diaspora, approved at the Holy and Great Synod in Crete, the article criticizes certain decisions, as well as the lack of reaching a final consensus regarding diaspora. Exploring this non-canonical situation, the article proposes two solutions that do not exclude each other. The first of these refers to the possibility of an ecclesiastical emancipation of the Orthodox diaspora. The second concerns the establishment of a “First” by delegation. The last part of the article talks about the missionary witness of the diaspora. In essence, the mission is just a natural continuation of the Liturgy. That is why the article proposes as a typological model the proclamation-dialogue-cooperation.
ROLES OF THE DIASPORA CHRISTIANS IN MISSION AND EVANGELISM FROM AN AFRICAN ORTHODOX PERSPECTIVE
Authors: NJOROGE John N.
Published: March 2022

This paper will focus on the specific roles that the diaspora orthodox Christian can play in mission and evangelism today. The main objective is to bring into the attention, and especially from a missiological point of view, the fact that the diaspora Christians can have an active role to play in the mission of the church. The active Orthodox Church missions has been understand to mean overseas mission and especially in Africa, Asia and in the Albania. However, in the course of the orthodox Christian migration history, there has been missiological connection between the diaspora Christians in the hosting countries and their respective home countries. The focus of this paper is on this missiological connection and how it can translate to an active role of the involved Christians to the mission of the church in Africa. The paper tracks the mission praxis of the diaspora Christians in Africa and beyond.
THE ROMANIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH IN THE LATE 1940S AND 1950S, ACCORDING TO THE CIA ARCHIVES
Authors: BOICU Dragoș
Published: March 2022

The history of the Romanian Orthodox Church during the communist regime is still far from being known and the historical circumstances are not yet fully understood. In addition to numerous historical sources that can shed light on this rather vast subject, an important resource proves to be the CIA archive. Recently declassified documents reflect a new set of information and describe circumstances that allow for a more nuanced interpretation of the position of Patriarch Justinian Marina in the 1940s and 1950s. This paper aims to explore the Information Reports and Staff notes prepared by the CIA analysts during this period.
CARE FOR THE DEPARTED FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE LIVING
Authors: GIREVSKA Marija
Published: March 2022

This article explores the care for the departed in the liturgical practice of the Eastern Orthodox Church. The Divine Liturgy and the memorial services show how the Church prays for both the departed and the mourners, thus creating a cycle of ecclesiastical communion. We are reminded of the greatness of the benefit of praying for and to the departed and of the mode of our salvation.
CULTURAL HETEROGENIZATION IN RAJA AMPAT TRADITIONAL SOCIETY (Case study on modernity power in Waisai regency of Raja Ampat, West Papua)
Authors: Mentansan George
Published: March 2022

Indigenous peoples are groups of people who live with traditional values and norms as guidelines in their daily life. The system of tools and equipment for life is still simple, kinship is still very close, religion and art form a complete unity in building harmony with nature, It turns out that being faced with a phenomenon of modernity that was born as a conqueror with its supporting tools such as the capitalist economy, industrialization, exploitation of natural resources, supervision of the dominant group, rationalization of values and secularization have moved quickly to attack and dominate the Raja Ampat indigenous peoples. This study aimed to explore the conditions, forms and impacts of modernity power in the Raja Ampat traditional community. Furthermore, the research employed a qualitative case study method with an ethnographic approach in Waisai, Raja Ampat Regency. The technique of determining informants was carried out purposively by collecting primary data and secondary data. The research data collected were analyzed using data reduction techniques, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The data presentation was done in a descriptive qualitative manner with scientific variety language. The results show cultural heterogenization forms including an existing capitalist economy with several employment opportunities, industrialization in fisheries and tourism, massive natural resource exploitation, supervision of dominant groups like the Raja Ampat bureaucracy, values rationalization and secularism without territorial and customary boundaries. However, this is also problematic because the products of modernity mediate life demands to move quickly, precisely, effectively and efficiently.
ENTREPRENEURIAL PERCEPTION AND MOTIVATION OF VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN PURWOKERTO
Authors: Naura Nabilla Khansa , Martono Nanang , Puspitasari Elis
Published: March 2022

This paper is the research result that aims to describe the entrepreneurial perception and motivation of vocational high school students in Purwokerto. The topic is mainly brought by the increasing unemployment rate in Indonesia and the rise of job competition after the ASEAN Economic Community. Consequently, the vocational education role could necessarily have prepared individuals to acquire the industry’s qualification. However, the system needs to be adequately improved to hone skills while making money. This research design is the quantitative method, using a survey to examine vocational high school students’ entrepreneurial perception and motivation at two state vocational high schools in Purwokerto. The author randomly took the twelfth grader as the sample. To analyze the data, the author used the descriptive method by using frequency distribution to display the frequency of various selection outcomes. The findings show that 77.8 percent of respondents possess a positive entrepreneurial perception. On the other side, 78.8 percent of respondents have high entrepreneurial motivation. Nonetheless, vocational students’ unreadiness still becomes the main roadblock, causing them to choose to look for a job over setting up a business. Strategic action is needed so that they would not only be confident but ready to create opportunities in the job field.
JAVA TRADITIONAL COMMUNITY WEDDING CEREMONY TRADITION IN BANDAR JAWA III HUTA, BANDAR SUB-DISTRICT, SIMALUNGUN REGENCY
Authors: Sutikno Sutikno , II Harianto , Kartolo Rahmat , Harahap Rosmawati , Ali Rahmadi
Published: March 2022

This research aimed at describe the tradition of the Javanese traditional community wedding ceremony at Huta III Bandar Jawa, Bandar Subdistrict, Simalungun Regency. This research used descriptive qualitative approach. The results of the research were carried out by observation, interviews, and documentation. This research found that the Javanese traditional wedding tradition in Huta III generally consists of eleven processions, namely 1) peningsetan, 2) saserahan, 3) pasangtarub or tratag, 4) malamlamaran, 5) kerik-an, 6) ijabkabul, 7) temumanten, 8) lemparsirih, 9) injaktelur (wijidadi), 10) sungkeman, 11) tepungtawar and marhaban. The tradition of Javanese traditional ceremonies in Huta III is not the same as the wedding traditions in Central Java, there are several traditions or processions that have been abandoned. Not only that, the Javanese traditional wedding tradition in Huta III has now experienced a combination or acculturation of the surrounding culture, one of the acculturations of the Malay culture which has now been adopted or carried out by the Javanese people of Huta III in the Javanese traditional wedding procession.
AL-KAWAKIBI’S PERSPECTIVE ECONOMIC DESPOTISM A STUDY OF THE THABAI’ULIL ISTIBDADI WA-MUSHORI’UL ISTI’BAADI
Authors: Rafiqi Rafiqi , Amir Amri , Rodoni Ahmad , Parnawi Afi
Published: March 2022

This dissertation aims to discuss first, as a study of the concept of economic despotism and the impacts that occur as a result of despotism. The second, methods or solutions to reduce economic despotism so that people are not supported in tyranny that destroys social order. The method used in this study is purely qualitative which produces descriptive data in the form of written and oral words from people and observable behavior. While the research source is the written data source of al-Kawakibi’s work namely Thabai’ulil istibdadi wa-mushori’ul isti’baadi and Umm al-Qura. To understand the concept of Istibdad with various derivatives using the method of content analysis or “content study”. This research found/produced that the form of government with one ruler, both individual and oligarchs, who ruled with absolute political power (absolute without limits). The author also supports and supports Monstesquieu’s thesis which states that despotism is the worst thing humans have ever done that must be replaced if they want society to be prosperous and prosperous, one side of this phenomenon can damage the social system to make society’s level not harmonious. Then the writer rejects and refutes Adam Smith’s opinion which states that the free market system is permissible and the government is not entitled to
THE LEGAL TRADITION IN INDONESIA: FINDING THE MIDDLE WAY
Authors: Maghfirah Maghfirah , Zulkifli Zulkifli , Syahrin Muhammad Alpi , Aslati Aslati
Published: March 2022

Community life continues to develop dynamically. Along with that, various demands emerged to make various changes towards the achievement of national goals. Changes to the framework of the national legal system that was built on the basis of Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. The direction of development must take into account the plurality of society without limiting rights and giving respect to the implementation of the law without overriding other legal interests. The context of a pluralistic Indonesian society develops along with the dynamics and development of society, both socio-culturally and politically. This article discusses the legal tradition that grows and takes root in Indonesia. This article is a normative research, which is conducting a literature study or secondary data to collect data through documentation from various articles, books, and other sources that discuss legal traditions in Indonesia. The finding of this article is that legal practices that develop in Indonesia are customary law, Islamic law, and Continental Europe. In the development of national law through the “middle way” as a principle of compromise against legal traditions that influence and attract each other, taking into account the philosophical, sociological, and juridical. In essence, legal practice refers to welfare and benefit considerations: “maintaining old traditions that are still relevant, building new, better traditions.” What this article has in common with others is that it discusses legal traditions, while the difference is that this article analyzes the development of legal practice in Indonesia from various perspectives and approaches to religious values so as to create a just legal concept.
ARE CONVENTIONAL RURAL BANKS MORE EFFICIENT THAN SHARIA: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM DEA
Authors: Azhari Azhari , Kamaruddin Kamaruddin , Murizal Irvan , Simahatie Mai
Published: March 2022

This study examined and compared the efficiency level of conventional and Islamic rural banks. The analytical tool used was data envelopment analysis with the variable return scale approach. Furthermore, the input variables consist of total assets, third party funds, and costs. Meanwhile, the total financing and profit are the output variables from 2012 to 2019 for 15 rural banks in Aceh. The results showed conventional rural banks are more efficient than sharia. Therefore, Sharia banks need to engage in better socialization to the public. This is because 2021 is the beginning of qanun (law) of Islamic financial institutions enactment, which obliges change in shape to the sharia pattern. Also, universities are expected to open a study program on sharia bank as a rudiment for human resources in the future. Therefore, the study to compare conventional and sharia rural bank per province in Indonesia is important.
INTEGRATED BORDER MANAGEMENT TO ACHIEVE COMMUNITY WELFARE OF KEPULAUAN RIAU PROVINCE
Authors: Rusmiyati Rusmiyati , Hendiyani Mesy Faridah , Nooraini Afni , Alma'arif Alma'arif
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT. Border area as a front line of a country needs special attention from the government of that country. Most of the domestic problems experienced by a country come from the border. Human and drugs trafficking, also illegal timber transactions are examples of problems that still occur in Indonesia nowadays especially located in Kepulauan Riau Province. This study aims to describe the Integrated Border Management based on European Commission carried out in Indonesia, especially at the country border in Kepulauan Riau Province, Indonesia. By using the post-positivistic paradigm, this study uses interviews and documentation as data collection techniques. Interviews were conducted to actors, both central and regional, such as the Deputy for Border Management (BNPP-RI), the Head of the BNPP Planning and Cooperation Bureau, the Head of the Riau Islands Province Government Bureau and his staff, the Head of Local Development Planning Agency of Batam City, Natuna Regency. The results showed that the state border managers at the central, provincial, and regency/city governments have different institutions which result in differences in personnel procedures, finances, and resource allocation. The concept of Integrated border management needs to be adjusted to the concept considering the geographical characteristics of Indonesia, which has sea and land borders.
A Literature Review on the Global Burden and Impact of Substandard and Falsified Medicine
Authors: Popoola Olanrewaju Olamide , Madhur Gulshan , Mehrim Mariam Medhat , Omondi Mark Odhiambo , Owusu-Mensah Priscilla , Mamtani Saurabh Ashok , Etukakpan Alison Ubong
Published: March 2022

Substandard and falsified medicines are a global health concern negatively affecting individuals, the public, the pharmaceutical industry and governments all over the world. This review aims to examine the global prevalence of substandard and falsified medicines, its impact on health and the health system, including socio-economic impacts and strategies for curbing this menace. A literature review of published articles between January 2000 and May 2020 was done with keywords “substandard”, “counterfeit”, and “falsified medicines”. Articles were sourced from PubMed, World Health Organization (WHO) databases and Google Scholar. There are reports of substandard and falsified medicines from all WHO Regions with noticeable prevalence in the African Region. These medicines have been reported to cause death, antimicrobial resistance, increase prevalence of diseases, and loss of confidence in the health system. Increased patients spending, loss of productivity, strain of limited health systems resources, and loss of government revenue are major socio-economic implications of substandard and falsified medicines. An increase in criminal sanctions, global harmonization of drug regulatory authorities, and appropriate education of healthcare professionals and patients on how to prevent, detect, and respond to reported cases of substandard and falsified medicines are strategies that can be implemented to curb the menace of these medicines. Registered pharmacists and pharmacy students play critical roles in addressing this global health issue.
Prospects of Intuitive Interaction Modeling in Automated Shape Generation
Authors: Žukas Jonas , Gaitanži Kostas , Zabulionis Darius
Published: March 2022

In this article, authors discuss new possibilities for the spatial design universal aesthetic development. Creative artistic means are conditioned by the human ability to comprehend and interpret objects in a particular context. Ideas of arts and science coexistence have been relevant since antiquity. The 20th century, especially the Bauhaus movement, gave a rational basis for conjoining artistic inspiration with the parametric constraints. Contemporary digital technologies provide new possibilities to enhance human creative potential by employing scientific methods. In search of material environment evaluation reference points, it is important to establish a robust connection of human mind and physical world. Subjectivity and intersubjectivity of experiences raise issues in human perception studies, involving both phenomenal and material processes. Embodied cognition reveals itself as an intuitive experience or discovery which provides a new perspective for the creative application. The authors aim to investigate the creative opportunities of automated shape generation systems. The main issue is to find a universal application of creative process analysis. Parametric constraints offer the opportunity to use statistical tools in art practice. These constraints are based on embodied cognition capabilities. Combined methods of qualitative and quantitative evaluation help to assess the contextual relevance of the object and to determine the cultural and pragmatic effectiveness of automated design solutions. The study offers theoretical and applied cross-disciplinary research direction to discover new creative means in material environment design, including architecture and urban planning.
Application of Digital Radiography (Dr) in an Approach to Evaluate the Technical Condition of MiG-29’s Vertical Stabilizers
Authors: Luziński Rafał , Synaszko Piotr , Dragan Krzysztof
Published: March 2022

The purpose of the work presented was to evaluate the capabilities of digital radiography to detect cracks in the internal structure of MiG-29 vertical stabilizers. The test object was a stabilizer previously subjected to fatigue testing and partially torn down for the needs of visual inspection. An inspection of three regions containing cracked parts was performed, with use of a pulsed x-ray generator and digital detector array. The results confirmed the method could be used to detect cracks in an internal structure which could not be inspected with other methods without affecting the stabilizer’s integrity.
Effect of meteorological factors on the radial growth of pine latewood in northern taiga
Authors: Neverov Nikolay , Chistova Zinaida , Mineev Alexandr
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of day and night meteorological parameters (air temperatures and dew points, relative humidity, wind speed and precipitation) on the radial growth of pine latewood in northern taiga, in typical conditions of its growth. The study was conducted in the north of the Arkhangelsk region (Russia). A total of 63 cores were selected from seven most representative sites. Meteorological parameters were obtained from the WMR 918 H digital weather station (Huger GmbH, Germany), located directly on the study area and operating in monitoring mode. The analysis used meteorological data for the period 2008–2015. Correlation with night and day air temperature in June and July (0.72–0.77) was revealed in blueberry type. In all the stands studied, a reliable correlation with wind speed was established, direct (0.77–0.88) and inverse (−0.7 to −0.99), but each sample plot had an individual dependence. A reliable correlation with the humidity of August and September (0.64–0.87) and an inverse correlation with precipitation in May and August (−0.63 to −0.75) were established. In general, pine in blueberry, cowberry and pine on swamp types have a similar reaction to the variability of meteorological factors, the most important of which is the temperature regime of air and wind speed.