bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Legal and social aspects of the use of artificial intelligence in a pandemic
Authors: Matyuk Yulia
Published: January 2021

Сравнительный анализ применения правительствами стран цифровых технологий и приложений на основе искусственного интеллекта для сдерживания распростране-ния эпидемии выявил проблемы разного характера, в том числе правового. Целью исследования является анализ применения технологий искусственного интеллекта (ИИ) для борьбы с COVID-19. В задачи исследования вошли изучение мирового опы-та использования цифровых технологий и приложений на основе ИИ как части ог-раничительных мер, принятых государствами для борьбы с распространением ко-ронавируса, а также анализ правового и социального аспектов такого применения. Исследование выполнено с использованием общенаучных (диалектический, сис-темно-структурный, анализ, синтез) и частноправовых методов познания (формально-юридический и сравнительно-правовой). В рамках анализа соблюдения права на конфиденциальность и защиту личных данных при осуществлении некоторых пра-вовых и технических мер, принятых юрисдикциями для предотвращения распро-странения пандемии COVID-19 среди стран, присоединившихся к Конвенции о за-щите частных лиц в отношении автоматической обработки персональных данных, выявлено, что правовое регулирование возможных издержек массового использо-вания ограничительных мер остается все еще недостаточно проработанным. На практике системы, созданные в условиях крайне сжатых сроков, не всегда отвечают критериям безопасности, возникает риск неправомерного доступа к персональным данным. Пандемия стала катализатором внедрения и расширения возможностей применения искусственного интеллекта. Повсеместное использование современ-ных технологий в борьбе с вирусом обнаружило наличие правовых противоречий, что также не могло не повлиять на восприятие ограничений обществом, поэтому необходимым наряду с разработкой технологий для борьбы с пандемией является создание системы правового регулирования применения инноваций, которая спо-собствует организации условий максимально эффективного использования воз-можностей искусственного интеллекта для борьбы с распространением COVID-19. Ключевые слова и словосочетания: искусственный интеллект (ИИ), COVID-19, пандемия, право науки и технологии, отслеживающие приложения, мировые тенденции, большие данные, право Европейского союза.
Improving the efficiency of rural households through the use of their infrastructure system
Authors: Denisenko Igor , Retivtsev Igor , Denisenko Anna
Published: January 2021

Рассмотрен вопрос продовольственной безопасности через проблематику сельскохозяйственной сферы, в частности сельских домохозяйств, на примере Луганского региона. В качестве предмета исследования определены инфраструктурные меха- низмы, повышающие эффективность деятельности сельских домохозяйств. Цель работы – повышение уровня государственной продовольственной безопасности через рост эффективности деятельности сельских домохозяйств Луганского региона. Научные методы исследования, применяемые в работе: дедукция, анализ, обобщение, синтез. В качестве результатов работы предложены механизмы развития сельских домохозяйств. Сфера применения результатов исследования охватывает агропромышленный комплекс и развитие сельских домохозяйств. Научная новизна обеспечивается возможностью применения предложенного механизма информационно-коммуникационных технологий к сельским домохозяйствам Луганского ре- гиона. Выводы состоят в том, что повышение государственной продовольственной безопасности должно быть обеспечено через стратегическое планирование и стать одним из важнейших приоритетов в социально-экономическом развитии региона. Перспективное направление для развития деятельности сельских домохозяйств региона видится в расширении информационно-коммуникационных технологий. Ключевые слова и словосочетания: продовольственная безопасность, сельские домохозяйства, государственная политика, трудовые ресурсы.
Analysis of the implementation of additional professional education programs at the aviation training center: feedback with the listeners
Authors: Terskaya Ludmila
Published: January 2021

Специалисту авиационной сферы под влиянием современной инновационной среды необходимо постоянно повышать свой профессиональный уровень и наращивать потенциал, для чего при каждом авиационном предприятии организуется авиационный учебный центр (АУЦ), в котором специалисты могут проходить переподготовку и повышать свою квалификацию. Посредством обратной связи может быть осуществлен обмен информацией для реализации совместной ответственности АУЦ и обучающихся в них специалистов воздушного транспорта за результаты обучения как важной современной черты личностно-ориентированного образования, для решения совместной задачи успешного ус- воения учебного материала и приобретения профессиональных навыков. Цель статьи – анализ реализации программ дополнительного профессионального образования в АУЦ на основе обратной связи со слушателями. Анализ осуществлялся путем опроса (как основной формы организации и фиксации обратной связи) специалистов, прошедших повышение квалификации и курс профессиональной переподготовки до наступления пандемии. Разработана анкета, включающая условно две группы вопросов: 1) вопросы, связанные с мотивацией и качеством обучения, 2) вопросы, касающиеся формы обучения в АУЦ. Практическая значимость полученных результатов состоит в том, что продемонстрированы как положительные стороны деятельности АУЦ, так и определенные трудности, с которыми сталкиваются слушатели центра. Анализ реализации программ дополнительного профессионального образования проведен с учетом возрастных и гендерных особенностей слушателей. Изучен мотивационный аспект обучения слушателей в АУЦ, выявлена наилучшая с их точки зрения форма обучения в центре. Исследованы мнения респондентов разных возрастных категорий по вопросам, связанным с дистанционным обучением, и выявлены обстоятельства, препятствующие некоторым специалистам воздушного транспорта обучаться дистанционно. По результатам обратной связи сформулированы выводы и обозначены направления совершенствования процесса обучения в соответствии с требованиями современной жизни, в том числе и в условиях пандемии, для успешной реализации образовательных программ в полном объеме и в рамках всех направлений дополнительного профессионального образования АУЦ. Ключевые слова и словосочетания: авиационный учебный центр, обратная связь, дополнительное профессиональное образование, повышение квалификации, профессиональная переподготовка, дистанционное обучение, специалист воздушного транспорта, образовательный процесс.
Common Physiological Disorders Of White/Irish Potato (Solanum Tuberosum) Tubers Produced In Swaziland: A Review
Authors:   Horticulture Department, University Of Swaziland, PO Luyengo, M205, Swaziland, Nxumalo Kwanele A
Published: January 2021

Physiological disorders of white/Irish potato tubers are abnormalities of the tubers which are not caused by infectious diseases/insects, or animals. Potato tuber abnormalities occur as a result of environmental stress, nutritional deficiencies or excess on the plant
Toxicity Potential Of Different Azadirachtin Against Plutella Xylostella (Lepidoptera; Plutellidae ) And Its Natural Enemy, Diadegma Species
Authors:   Agriculture Services Academy, Peshawar, Pakistan, Zada Hayat
Published: January 2021

The present study was conducted to assess different concentrations of azadirachtin against 3rd and 4thinstar larvae of P. xylostella and to determine their effects on natural enemy, Diadegma sp. Four different concentrations (0.31, 0.50, 0.60 and 1%) of azadirachtin were evaluated in the choice and non-choice tests methods
Insecticidal Efficacy Of Conventional And Botanical Insecticides Against Potato Tuber Moth (Phthorimaea Operculella (Zeller) Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
Authors:   Department Of Plant Protection, Plant Protection Central Research Institute, Ankara, Turkey, Erdogan Pervin
Published: January 2021

Potato Tuber Moth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is an important pest of potato. It is common that there is in most countries where potatoes are grown. The chemical insecticides are used to control PTM. Because of chemical adverse effect, there is need to find safe alternative to chemical insecticides. For this porpoise, the effect of two botanical insecticides and two new pesticides were investigated on PTM
Potential Climate Change Impacts On Imen Barley BYDV Resistant Variety Yields In Tunisia
Authors:   University Of Carthage Street Hédi Karray, H Ghanem
Published: January 2021

Generally, Barley yields vary less under changing weather conditions than those of wheat and most other small grains. A field trials in National Institute of Agricultural Research of Tunisia (INRAT) experimental station in Kef region (Tunisia) during twelve cropping seasons (2008-2019) was conducted to study the relationships between agroclimatic indices and average yields of Imen barley BYDV resistant variety compared to the most important spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties (Manel and Rihane). In this paper, results are used as a control to estimate potential impacts of climate change scenarios and pedological conditions on anticipated average yields and total production of these commodities in Kef region by the 2058 period. The agronomic crop model Cropsyst was used to assess the impacts of increased temperature on growth and development varieties shown below in Tunisia, and to examine possible adaptation strategies. The analysis was based on multi-year crop model simulations run with daily weather series 2020-2058 that allowed two average yield levels: grain and biomass. The impacts of 0.2 °C temperature rise obtained by weather generator ClimGen included in Cropsyst on potential yields are positive and induced an increase of 14.4 %/ha for Imen in comparison with Manel 13.7 % and Rihane 10.1 %. Based on a range of available heat units projected by multiple General Circulation Model experiments, a climate change scenario representing +1 °C temperature rise was also applied for the same period and using the same generator. With 1°C temperature rise, average yieldsachievable in field trials could decrease in long term by about 0,16 q/ha (Rihane) and 0.46 t/ha (Manel) (4.7 % and 14 %). Cropsyst yield data, however, indicate an increase of 0.5 % with +1°C temperature rise suggesting the resilience of Imen barley grain production, compared to the two varieties Manel and Rihane.
Ein Recht auf Opazität, Agonismus und Reartikulation
Authors: Winkler Peter , Thummes Kerstin
Published: January 2021

Transparenz, Dialog und Mutualität sehen sich als Schlüsselprinzipien verantwortungsvoller Public Relations (PR) in den letzten Jahren akademischer und praktischer Kritik ausgesetzt, weil ihnen innewohnende Widersprüche zunehmend zu Tage treten. Auf Basis paradoxen Denkens stellt dieser Beitrag mit einem Recht auf Opazität, Agonismus und Reartikulation alternative Prinzipien vor, die diese Widersprüche ins Zentrum rücken und schlägt damit eine Repositioninierungsmöglichkeit für verantwortungsvolle PR-Forschung und -Praxis vor.
AGE DYNAMICS MORPHOMETRIC INDICATORS OF THE HEART OF ATHLETES-SKIERS AND BIATHLETES IN THE NATURAL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE MIDDLE OB REGION
Authors:   Medical-sports clinic, Khanty-Mansiysk, Kugaevskaya Irina Yuryevna , Gubina Anastasiya Evgenievna , Koynosov Andrey Petrovich ,   Khanty-Mansiysk State Medical Academy, Rutkovsky Alexey Vladimirovich ,   Yugra Boarding School of the Olympic Reserve, Tsyndrina Alyona Vladimirovna ,   Khanty-Mansiysk State Medical Academy
Published: January 2021

The work is devoted to assessing the impact of training loads on the indicators of a number of heart sizes of athletes-skiers in the natural and climatic conditions of the Middle Ob region. Features of age dynamics of adaptation of the cardiovascular system of athletes to high training loads are revealed. The specificity of changes in the geometry of the left heart in athletes-skiers under the influence of growth processes and systematic training loads is established.
FOLLICULAR ADENOMA OF THE THYROID GLAND. CASE-BASED LECTURE
Authors:   Khanty-Mansiysk State Medical Academy, Rayn Vasilisa Yurievna ,   District clinical hospital, Khanty-Mansiysk, Persidsky Mikhail Alexandrovich ,   District clinical hospital, Khanty-Mansiysk, Mizev Dmitry Alexandrovich , Kashbulin Zakhar Albertovich
Published: January 2021

A typical clinical presentation of a thyroid follicular adenoma is illustrated with a real patient’s history, labs, neck MRI and morphology using modern guidelines on the topic. The article is structured using case-based approach.
Uso de plantas medicinais por pacientes renais crônicos em tratamento hemodialítico
Authors: Oliveira Ana Luiza , Westin Ursula Marcondes , Rodrigues Edvânio Ramos , Garbuio Danielle Cristina
Published: January 2021

A utilização de plantas acontece há milhares de anos em todo o mundo. A insuficiência renal é a falha ou incapacidade dos rins em eliminar substâncias, sendo o principal tratamento baseado na hemodiálise. As plantas medicinais apesar de seu baixo custo e reduzidos efeitos adversos, muitas vezes são utilizadas sem o conhecimento de um profissional, causando riscos aos usuários. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar e caracterizar o uso de plantas medicinais entre os pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica atendidos em um Centro Regional de Hemodiálise de uma cidade no interior de Minas Gerais. Os resultados demonstraram que 53,1% dos entrevistados utilizam plantas para tratamento de sinais e sintomas, sendo que 50,6% possuem uma baixa escolaridade tendo o ensino fundamental incompleto; notou-se que 67,4% cultivam a planta de consumo no próprio quintal, 81,4% desses entrevistados disseram que as plantas medicinais tem seu efeito positivo e elevado e 65,1% acreditam ser mais eficazes que remédios de farmácia. Como as plantas mais citadas destacaram-se hortelã, erva-cidreira, limão, alho, camomila e gengibre. O uso de plantas medicinais se associa a ambos os sexos, sendo que 50,6% são do sexo masculino. Os resultados mostraram que as plantas medicinais são utilizadas como alternativa terapêutica, entretanto, é necessário que os serviços de atenção ao paciente submetido à hemodiálise garantam profissionais qualificados e capazes de fornecer orientações sobre sua utilização de plantas, assim será possível embasar o desenvolvimento de ações que possam evitar riscos a saúde do paciente, ou interferência no tratamento, estimulando o uso seguro.
Discrimination of a selected set of turmeric, ginger, fenugreek and coriander varieties using ISSR markers
Authors: Giridhari A. , Vijesh Kumar I.P. , Sheeja T.E.
Published: January 2021

DNA fingerprints are unique to individuals and can be used to identify individuals as in the case of conventional fingerprints. Plant DNA fingerprinting make use of various molecular markers for identifying newly released crop varieties and are all the more important in plant variety registration under the PPV&FR Act of 2001. The trade-related intellectual property rights (TRIPS) and the convention on biological diversity (CBD) insist on the establishment of identity and ownership of genotypes for enforcement of their provisions for securing protection to plant varieties as well as for regulating access to germplasm resources. DNA fingerprints, along with morphological markers, can be efficiently utilized for plant varietal identification, detection of duplicates and adulterants. Here in this particular study, the spice samples received at the DNA fingerprinting facility (DNAFF) of ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research (ICAR-IISR) from various centres of All India Coordinated Project on Spices (AICRPS) were DNA fingerprinted using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The DNA profile of a candidate variety vis-a-vis check variety is an essential prerequisite during submission of proposal for release of crop variety to central sub-committee on crop standards notification and release of varieties. The new varieties of turmeric, ginger, coriander and fenugreek were compared with the closely resembling check varieties for establishing distinctness for varietal registration. A total of 118 ISSR primers were screened in the above-given crops, to identify the distinct markers identifying the candidate from the check varieties. Using this technique, the DNAFF at ICAR-IISR could facilitate registration of turmeric varieties, Roma, Rasmi and Suroma; ginger varieties Suruchi, Suravi and Suprabha; coriander varieties, Suguna, Susthira and Suruchi, while varieties of turmeric, Uttara Rupanjana and Uttara Ranjini; fenugreek variety Ajmer fenugreek (AFg-5); coriander varieties Ajmer coriander (ACr-2) and Chhattisgarh Shri Chandra Hasini dhaniya-2 (ICS-4) are in the process of getting registration. ISSR markers were found to be appropriate for establishing distinctness of the new varieties of spices for securing varietal registration.
Potential of soil resources of Coconut Research Station, Aliyarnagar, Tamil Nadu, India for agro-technology generation
Authors: Sudhalakshmi C. , Kumaraperumal R.
Published: January 2021

Potential of soil resources of Coconut Research Station, Aliyarnagar of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University and one of the Centers of ICAR-AICRP (Palms), was assessed by soil profile examination and spatial variability mapping. Three soil profiles were examined, one each in A, B and C blocks of the farm, soils were studied horizon wise samples were collected, and fertility parameters were analyzed. Spatial variability of primary nutrients was mapped employing GIS techniques. Soil profile examination revealed the presence of canker nodules in the lower horizons and the depth of the soil was not a constraint for the cultivation of perennial crops. The texture of the soil varied from loamy sand to sandy clay loam. pH was alkaline and electrical conductivity was less than 2 dSm-1. The content of KMnO4-N was low, and Olsen P, NNNH4OAc-K and organic carbon were medium. Land capability class was IIIew and was highly suitable (S1) for coconut, moderately suitable (S2) for cocoa and marginally suitable (S3) for pepper. The soil taxonomic class is fine-loamy mixed, isohyperthermic Fluventic/Typic Haplustepts. Rock outcrops were noticed over 5 per cent of the area. Top soil erosion and seepage problems resulting in temporary water logging are the major fertility constraints associated with this farm. Scrupulous application of organic manures, split application of fertilizers, providing trenches in areas of water logging, etc., are the strategies to overcome the constraints, which are existing in the farm.
Multivariate analysis of genetic diversity in Phytophthora pod rot resistant exotic cocoa germplasm
Authors: Veeresh S.A. , Minimol J.S. , Suma B. , Panchami P.S. , Shilpa K.S.
Published: January 2021

The current research work was carried out to evaluate the genetic diversity associated with thirty cocoa accessions resistant to Phytophthora. The cluster analysis and principal component analysis evaluated the genetic variability among the different genotypes. The highest number of genotypes were observed in cluster III (8) when qualitative traits were considered. In quantitative cluster analysis, most of the genotypes were placed in separate clusters due to high variability in the germplasm. Principal component (PC) analysis showed that the first three PCs with more than one Eigen-value contributed to 79.9 per cent of variability for different traits. When qualitative and quantitative characters were considered along with resistant reaction, clusters with genotypes highly resistant to Phytophthora pod rot were observed. Hybridization programme involving these resistant hybrids belonging to diverse clusters will result in high yielding hybrids with ample resistance.
Assessment of the status of soil organic carbon stocks under natural forest and plantation ecosystems in southern Karnataka
Authors: Pradeep , , Kumar K.S. Anil , Avinash R.K. , Karthika K.S.
Published: January 2021

A study was conducted to assess the status of soil organic carbon stocks under selected plantation and altered and natural ecosystems in southern Karnataka. Seven locations were identified for the study following the agro-climatic variability. The sites identified were Brahmavara in Udupi (coastal zone), Balehonnur in Chikkamagalur (hilly zone), Madnur and Salegrama in Hassan (northern and southern transitional zone), Alburu in Tumkur (eastern and southern dry zone), Babbur and Javagamatur in Chitradurga (central dry zone). In each of these zones, natural forest ecosystems were assessed in comparison to the plantation-based ecosystems to understand the changes in soil development with emphasis to soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. The SOC stocks at the surface varied from 1.24 to 6.44 kg m-3 in forests and from 1.53 to 6.51 kg m-3 in different plantation ecosystems. It was found from the study that SOC stocks followed the order hilly zone (per-humid climate) > coastal zone (hot humid climate) > eastern and southern dry zone (moist semi-arid climate) > northern and southern transitional zone (dry sub-humid climate) > central dry zone (dry semi-arid climate). The soils belonged to the order Ultisols and Alfisols. The major taxa of the soils identified at sub-group level of soil taxonomy are Rhodic Kandiustults, Typic Plinthohumults, Ustic Haplohumults, Typic Rhodustalfs, Rhodic Paleustalfs, Kandic Paleustalfs and Typic Haplustalfs.
A durable pollination raincoat for hybridization during monsoon in coconut
Authors: Devakumar K. , Thomas Regi Jacob , Karun Anitha
Published: January 2021

Large-scale production of hybrid seed nuts of coconut is necessary to match the high demand for hybrid seedlings. But in major coconut producing states such as Kerala, Karnataka and Goa hybridisation is carried suspended during monsoon season and out effectively only during dry season for a period of six months from November to May. Some of the reasons attributed to the stoppage of pollination work during monsoon are the slippage of the trunk while climbing, problems in male flower collection and wetting of the pollination bags during heavy rains. Technological developments in coconut sector viz., the invention of coconut climbing devices and cryopreservation techniques have contributed to safe climbing and pollen storage for utilisation during off-seasons, respectively. However, the wetting of the pollination bag used for hybridization remains a problem. We report the development and successful initial testing of a durable raincoat for the pollination bag so that coconut pollination can be carried out throughout the year in heavy monsoon areas. This reusable raincoat is integrated with the ground pollination unit and can be fitted easily on the pollination bag, and it ensures complete dryness of the pollination bag. Only one climbing per tree is required for emasculation, bagging and raincoat fitting on a single inflorescence. The raincoat has provisions for suspending a pollen delivery tube and pollen dusting and bag removal can be done from the ground. The durable raincoat cover for the pollination bags has resulted in a fruit setting of 22.5-41.3 per cent.
Affordability of services for persons with disabilities in the assisted living facilities of Altai Krai: comparative analysis
Authors: Sirotina Tatiana Viktorovna , Nagikh Alina Yur'evna , Dubrovina Yana Yur'evna , Shcherbinina Alina Olegovna
Published: January 2021

The object of this research is the accessibility of services for persons with disabilities in the assisted living facilities. Affordability of social services for persons with disabilities is one of the essential components for normalization of their life. Independent quality assessment of conditions of rendering services by assistant living facilities includes the assessment of affordability of services for persons with disabilities as one of the five criteria. The subject of this research is the comparative analysis of affordability of services for persons with disabilities in different assisted living facilities of Altai Krai. The author took active participation in conducting independent quality assessment of the conditions of rendering services by the assisted living facilities – empirical sociological study, the key method of which was the questionnaire-base survey and expert observation. The article reviews the concept of affordability, its consolidation and implementation in the normative documents of international and federal levels. Based on the acquired data on affordability of services of nursing homes for the elderly and care centers of general type, psycho-neurological facilities, the conclusions is made on correspondence between affordability and imposed requirements. Comparative analysis of the data allowed determining the most problem areas in ensuring affordability of services for persons with disabilities in the assisted living facilities of Altai Krai.
Youth not in employment and education: factors, origins, and psychological peculiarities of the group
Authors: Skvortsova Margarita Borisovna , Shestakova Nataliya Nikolaevna
Published: January 2021

The youth not in employment or education is present in various countries of the world. In Russia, the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) provides information on this category of youth. Against the background the sparseness of the generation overall, this youth group can be viewed as a considerable potential research of labor resources for the current and future staffing of socioeconomic complex of the country. The goal of this research consists in the analysis of factors and origins of youth falling into the category not involved in the spheres of employment and education, as well as of psychological peculiarities of this group. Research methodology is based on systematic and socio-psychological approaches. The article systematizes the factors of inclusion of youth into the group of uninvolved in the spheres of employment and education based on the summary of results of the Russian and foreign research dedicated to this group of youth. The authors extend the list of factors of youth falling into the group of not in employment and education; offer and formulate the sources that led to expansion of this group described in several blocks; as well as recite psychological peculiarities of this category of youth. Clear understanding of the factors, origins and psychological peculiarities of youth not in employment and education allows using the acquired results in development of the programs on employment, education and social protection.
Peculiarities and dynamics of resource potential of the “working poor” (on the example of a sociological research conducted in the Republic of Bashkortostan)
Authors: Karimov Aibulat Galim'yanovich
Published: January 2021

The object of this research is the “working poor” as a social working group. The subject of this research is resource potential of the “working poor”. On the example of sociological study conducted in the Republic of Bashkortostan, the author reviews particular characteristics of resource potential of the “working poor”. Analysis is carried out on the main types of formalization of labor relations and terms of employment of “working poor”. The author reveals the trends in the dynamics of financial situation and pay level of the members of households participating in the survey, as well as considers additional sources of their income. The article analyzes subjective assessments of respondents regarding their affiliation to social classes, living conditions, as well as availability of durable goods in households. The following conclusions were formulated: 1. A relatively low economic activity and minimal level of entrepreneurial activity have remained; insignificant number of “working poor” have a second job. 2. The conducted analysis demonstrates worsening of the financial situation of households that participated in the research (approximately one third of respondents cannot afford to buy clothes). Salaries of the majority of respondents does not exceed the republican average. 3. Decent living conditions are complicated by the fact that every fourth “working poor” does not own the place they live. 4. Although availability of cars and durable goods shows a slight increase, its also indicates the growth of debt load 5. The positive trends include a relatively high physiological potential and level of education of the respondents, which allow reckoning on the prospects of growth of their labor potential.
The system of Orthodox fasts in Russia as the means of deterring migration of peasants and the actions of rebel or bandit squads
Authors: Sennitskaya Elena Vladimirovna
Published: January 2021

The object of this research is the Orthodox fasts and customs that prohibited consumption of certain food products. The author examines the history of evolution of fasts, namely the circumstances of emergence of the first printed Charter (Typicon) in 1610; as well as compares the articles on fasts of the Typicons of 1610, 1633, and 1641. The article employs the following methods: 1) geophysical (comparison of the time of fasts with the periods of ice drift, high water, freeze-up, and agricultural cycles in Central Russia); 2) comparative-historical (reveals the logic of prohibitions and their development stages); 3) systemic (prohibition of certain food products is viewed an element of government policy aimed at prevention of migration); 4) ethno-psychological (substantiation of prohibitions); 5) linguistic (analysis of the texts of Typicon). The conclusion is  formulated that the system of fasts set by Typicon of 1610 served the following goals: 1) to consolidate the traditional agricultural practices; 2) to prevent the free movement of rebel bandit squads; 3) to create obstacles for independent sale of agricultural products by peasants and, thus benefit the feudales via wholesale purchase of peasant goods and their sale; 4) to hinder peasant transitions (serfdom). The hypothesis is advanced on the mechanism of enslaving peasants based on toughening the system fasts. The Charter of 1610 itself was passed due to imminent threat for the government Vasiliy IV Shuisky during the Time of Troubles for the purposed of reducing the influx of rebels and impede the transitions of peasants, which deprived the feudales of northern territories with less fertile lands were deprived of workforce, and thus the ability to equip the military at their own expense. The system of prohibitions implied the food obtained by hunting, so the peasants would move solely via river channels controlled by the government. The impact of such prohibitions may explain the irrational river routs Y. Pugachev instead of the road path to Moscow.
From grave to archive: to the problem of studying genealogy of Siberian clergy
Authors: Zagvazdin Evgeniy Petrovich
Published: January 2021

The subject of this research is the genealogy of Siberian clergy. The object of this research is the Druzhinin family. On the example of studying the members of monastic family who served in the St. John Vvedensky Covent near Tobolsk during the 1860s – 1923, the author reviews the key underlying problems related to the search and examination of genealogical ties. The personas of Druzhinin family represent a typical example of fragmentation and incompleteness of  biographical records. Based on the number of archaeological, written, and archival sources, the article seeks the ways for restoration of genealogical information. The article indicates a number of sources used in the course of research, as well checks accuracy of the revealed records. An algorithm for searching and critical understanding of information on the Druzhinin family reflected in a number of archival sources, newspaper and reference publication is described. The article is dedicated to the relevant trends of historical research –  genealogy. Examination of family ties is a complicated process with certain nuances. Despite the fact that the concepts of biographical and genealogical information are similar, the genealogical research often relies on the available biographical data, as well as presents new facts on the family (or member of the family). In searching ne information on the historical figures, comprehensive historical research that cover a wide variety of archaeological and archival sources come to the forefront. Therefore, the presented experience of searching the information on the Druzhinin monastic family can be extrapolated to genealogical research with similar problem areas as in searching information on the Siberian clergy.
Paleopathological peculiarities of the Lower Volga Sauromates
Authors: Pererva Evgenii Vladimirovich
Published: January 2021

This article discusses the paleopathological peculiarities of nomadic population of Sauromates, which originated from the kurgan burials of the Lower Volga region. The skeletal remains of 20 individuals were examined. In the process of work with anthropological material, was applied a standard program for assessing the instance of pathological conditions on skeleton developed by A. P. Buzhilova (1995, 1998). The national scholars of Soviet and post-Soviet period (B. N. Grakov, K. F. Smirnov, D. A. Machinsky, V. E. Maksimenko, M. G. Moshkova) dealt with the problems of genesis, periodization and evolution of the culture of the Lower Volga Sauromates. The history of anthropological examination of the nomads of the Lower Volga region of the VI – V centuries BC is scarce. This research is the first attempt for analyzing the pathological conditions on skeletal remains of the Lower Volga Sauromates. Paleopathological studies of skeletal remains of the nomads of the VI – V centuries BC from the territory of Lower Volga have not been conducted prior to that. Paleoanthropological materials are introduced into the scientific discourse for the first time. Some sculls of Sauromatian period have traces of unnatural deformation. The revealed pathologies on the anthropological materials of population of the VI – IV centuries BC from the territory of Lower Volga allow including it into the group of nomadic cultures of the Early Iron Age. The anthropological materials of the VI – IV centuries BC show evidence of using the skills of primitive medicine, as well as the knowledge of military field surgery.
The forming political legal doctrine of the Soviet constitutionalism and peculiarities s of its studying in the history of political and legal teachings
Authors: Korovin Kirill Sergeevich
Published: January 2021

The subject of this research is the political legal doctrine of Soviet constitutionalism during the period of establishment of the Soviet State. The author presents his interpretation of the political legal doctrine as a specific form of material incarnation of the idea of the state. Its Soviet version had certain historical and conceptual peculiarities. First and foremost, it implied the ideology of Marxism-Leninism, which fully determined the content of the fundamental notions and concepts of the political legal doctrine, developed in the constitutional commission of 1918. The framework of the Soviet constitutional system were reflected therein, as well as in the text of the Constitution of the RSFSR. It appears that ideocracy became the key vector of self-identification of the Soviet Russia. The analysis of the main ideological postulates of the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1918 allowed concluding that the Soviet State is a typical example of the ideocratic state, which should be interpreted as a social system founded on the dominant ideology. Its basis was the Soviet constitutional identity that predetermined the level of perception and approval of the government actions by the population. Methodological specificities of the analysis of the Soviet political legal doctrine reflected in its logical-theoretical framework and provisions. The logical-theoretical framework was analyzed via morphological (structural) approach that focuses on studying the structure of ideologies on the micro-level. The provisions of the political legal doctrine were reflected in the discussions and discursive practices in terms of the constitutional commission, which were examines in the course of this research via studying speech acts and political language.
Initiatives on privatization of colonial activity within the framework of French East India Company
Authors: Sapuntsov Andrey Leonidovich
Published: January 2021

This article examines the colonial activity of French East India Company, which was a commercial enterprise engaged in international trade founded in 1664. The goal of this research is to determine the prerequisites for its establishment, conditions for the formation of capital and administrative branches, perspectives on expanding the network of trading stations and trade routes. An assessment is given to the directive formation of capital and work of the officials (patrons). The article employs the methods of analysis of the historical documents, testimonies of travelers, synchronism, diachrony and cognitive symbiosis. Attention is given to unattainability of levelling off the profit margin French East India Company through trading exchange and work of transnational corporations. The scientific novelty consists in revealing the causes of unstable situation of French East India Company and insufficient development of market relations within its metropolitan territory, which led to a series of rearrangements and speculations, poor equipment of ships and shipwrecks. The results can be used ib studying trade companies of the early Modern Age, particularly with regards to Iberia and colonization of the West Indies. The conclusion is formulated on the prerequisites for the establishment of a powerful French East India Company that were not implemented; and the unstable economic situation resulted in annulment of the company during the Great French Revolution.
Human genetic modification: prospects, inevitability, and the question of moral-ethical justification
Authors: Fedorin Vladimir Vladimirovich
Published: January 2021

The subject of this research is the genetic engineering of a human, risks it produces, prospects, and moral-ethical aspects. Technological progress inevitably leads to infiltration of cultural sphere into human corporeality through genetic engineering. The development of innovative technologies in the area of manipulation with the genetic code necessitates to choose how these technologies would be used. In this regard, there is a possibility of transition towards a new type of corporeality, not limited by biological predetermination alone, but rather culturally substantiated, being a result of implementation of the human-created project, which underlines the need for socio-humanitarian analysis conducted in this article. Viewing medicine as one of the fields of culture allows concluding that humanity to some extent has already faced certain projection with regards to human corporeality. In this aspect, medicine manifests as a tool for implementation of the project of a “healthy human”, and genetic engineering, as its part, would inevitably implement this project, and gradually expand the field of culture and fulfill the project of an “improved human” as a natural advancement of the idea of expansion of freedom through modification of corporeality.
Representation of the images of army and military man in the U.S. mass cinematography of the 2010s
Authors: Mishchenko Igor' Evgenyevich
Published: January 2021

The author explores the problematic of the images of army and military in mass cinematography on the example of U.S. film industry of the second decade of the XXI century. The object of this research is the sociocultural representation of army and war via expressive means of cinematographic art. Within the Russian science, this problematic is poorly studied; at the same time, its relevance cannot be overestimated, since cinematography is an important component in formation of “soft power” of the country. According to the testimony of numerous Russian experts, namely cinematography of the United States has highest impact potential and forms mental images of the army and military not only among the U.S. citizens, but also for the Russian society, which always triggers questions related to the cultural aspects of national security. It is worth noting that modern U.S. military cinematography becomes the special subject of scientific research for the first time. The author comes to the conclusion that in the recent decade, U.S. film production in military genre has undergone substantial transformations. The films on the World War II and the Vietnam War are replaced with the films on global war on terrorism and local national conflicts. Among other peculiarities of recent years in U.S. military cinematography, the author notes female film directors in this sphere, personification of the images of enemy, deconstruction of the image of military man as a mythological defender and rescuer. The latter noticeably contradicts the Russian film tradition and culture, for which the army and military history remain the important points of national self-identity, key components of formation of images of the great past and common future.
A utilização dos anestésicos locais em odontologia: revisão de literatura
Authors: Coelho Sabrina Ketulen do Nascimento , Pimenta Yuri da Silva , De Andrade Jackeline Moraes , Silva Núbia Afonso
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: Analisar os estudos referentes as utilizações dos anestésicos locais, enfatizando o uso das soluções em pacientes sistemicamente comprometidos e as reações adversas que podem ocorrer. Revisão Bibliográfica: A descoberta das substâncias que provocam a perda da sensibilidade, causaram um marco para a medicina e através disto possibilitou as evoluções dos anestésicos locais que mais tarde seriam utilizadas nas clínicas médicas odontológicas. A escolha de um anestésico local é definida pelas características sistêmicas do paciente ou complicações que tenha adquirido no decorrer de sua vida. O profissional deve levar em consideração o tempo do procedimento, a toxicidade que o anestésico pode ter e seu nível de concentração.  As reações sistêmicas adversas aos anestésicos locais são divididas em três categorias: tóxica, psicogênica e alérgica, de acordo com o estudo feito, as reações alérgicas por esses anestésicos locais podem ocorrer, e a falta de domínio do cirurgião dentista sobre o assunto pode provocar uma complicação ao paciente. Considerações Finais: É importante que o cirurgião dentista busque o aprendizado contínuo, a fim de ter a melhor conduta durante atendimento odontológico.
Giant Cerebellar Ganglioglioma Mimicking a Pilocytic Astrocytoma
Authors: Tuan Tran Anh , Duc Nguyen Minh
Published: January 2021

A benign brain tumor, called a ganglioglioma (GG), can sometimes be found in the cerebrum. We describe an unusual pediatric case of GG in the cerebellum in this article. An 11-year-old male patient had a headache and epilepsy disorder. The head magnetic resonance imaging results revealed a giant cyst with an enhancing mural nodule in the right cerebellar hemisphere that flattened the fourth ventricle. Pilocytic astrocytoma was the provisional diagnosis based on clinical and imaging details. After radical mass eradication, a GG was demonstrated through histopathological analysis. Even though GG is an uncommon tumor, it should be included in the differential diagnosis for a cerebellar mass with both cystic and solid components in children.
Raster-based Model for Mass Movement in Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia.
Authors: Wibowo Sandy Budi , Lavigne Franck , Rifai Siddiq Luqman , Suryandari Rani Rahim , Nurani Idea Wening , St. Dwi Ermawan Danas Putra  , Pamungkas Wahyu Widi
Published: January 2021

Strengthening geospatial technology is very important in order to support disaster mitigation strategy, to manage vulnerable communities and to protectcritical environments. The main challenge in identifying disaster characteristics such as mass movements is the lack of direct observation during the event because it is too dangerous for researchers. Geo-Information Technology as a product of Geographic Information Science can be used as a solution in order to model the characteristics of mass movements. The purpose of this study is focused on identifying landslide processes from point of view ofraster-based model. The method of thisresearch emphasizes dynamic landslide model derived from timeseries raster calculation using MassMov2D algorithm. The geographic database that was built for spatial modeling comes from pedogeomorphological and Remote Sensing survey outputs, especially topographic data, landforms and soil physical properties. The result shows that the relationship between pixels (neighborhood) is determined by the topology of the energy gradient line direction which allowsto transfer the value between each pixel.The movement of landslide material starts from the toe. This decreases the stability of the landslide material in the main body of the landslide and generate progressive erosion.The raster-based model can finally reconstruct and identify the stages of initiation, transport and deposition landslide material.
Investigation of Groundwater Potential using Electrical Resistivity Method and Hydraulic Parameters in Lam Apeng, Aceh Besar, Indonesia.
Authors: Darisma Dian , Fernanda Ferdy , Syukri Muhammad
Published: January 2021

Lam Apeng is a village with a majority of people living as farmers, which causes the need of water for agriculture is increasing. The water demand in this area continues to increase as the population increases, for various purposes. The objective of this study is to determine the distribution of the groundwater layer using the electrical resistivity method and to determine groundwater potential using hydraulic parameters. This research is conducted using 2 measurement line with a length of each line is 112 meters and distances of each electrode is 2 meters. The data invert using Res2Dinv software to obtain 2D subsurface lithology subsurface. At line 1, the aquifer (sand) layer is located in the second layer with a rock resistivity value of 12 Ωm - 18.6 Ωm at a depth of 8 m - 18 m. At line 2, the aquifer (sand) layer is also located in the second layer with a resistivity value of 4.6 Ωm - 18 Ωm at a depth of 5 m – 12 m. Based on the interpretation of the two measurement lines, it can be concluded that the type of aquifer in the research site is a semi unconfined aquifer. In this study, hydraulic parameters (hydraulic conductivity, longitudinal conductance, transverse resistance, and transmissivity) was calculated based on the resistivity value and the thickness of the aquifer layer. The average resistivity of the aquifer layer used is 15.3 Ωm and 11.3 Ωm, respectively for line 1 and line 2, indicating that the aquifer was moderately corrosive. Longitudinal conductance values are 0.65 Ω-1 and 0.62 Ω-1 which indicated moderate protective capacity. The transmissivity values are 6.78 m2/dayand 4.77 m2/day, which indicates that the designation in this area is low and the groundwater potential is local or only for personal consumption.