bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute contact with profibrotic macrophages mechanically activates fibroblasts via αvβ3 integrin–mediated engagement of Piezo1
Authors: Ezzo Maya , Spindler Katrin , Wang Jun Bo , Lee Dahea , Pecoraro Gilbert , Cowen Justin , Pakshir Pardis , Hinz Boris
Published: October 2024

Fibrosis—excessive scarring after injury—causes >40% of disease-related deaths worldwide. In this misguided repair process, activated fibroblasts drive the destruction of organ architecture by accumulating and contracting extracellular matrix. The resulting stiff scar tissue, in turn, enhances fibroblast contraction—bearing the question of how this positive feedback loop begins. We show that direct contact with profibrotic but not proinflammatory macrophages triggers acute fibroblast contractions. The contractile response depends on αvβ3 integrin expression on macrophages and Piezo1 expression on fibroblasts. The touch of macrophages elevates fibroblast cytosolic calcium within seconds, followed by translocation of the transcription cofactors nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 and Yes-associated protein, which drive fibroblast activation within hours. Intriguingly, macrophages induce mechanical stress in fibroblasts on soft matrix that alone suppresses their spontaneous activation. We propose that acute contact with suitable macrophages mechanically kick-starts fibroblast activation in an otherwise nonpermissive soft environment. The molecular components mediating macrophage-fibroblast mechanotransduction are potential targets for antifibrosis strategies.
SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.5 mRNA booster vaccination elicits limited mucosal immunity
Authors: Lasrado Ninaad , Rowe Marjorie , McMahan Katherine , Hachmann Nicole P. , Miller Jessica , Jacob-Dolan Catherine , Liu Jinyan , Verrette Brookelynne , Gotthardt Kristin A. , Ty Darren M. , Pereira Juliana , Mazurek Camille R. , Hoyt Amelia , Collier Ai-ris Y. , Barouch Dan H.
Published: October 2024

Current COVID-19 vaccines provide robust protection against severe disease but minimal protection against acquisition of infection. Intramuscularly administered COVID-19 vaccines induce robust serum neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), but their ability to boost mucosal immune responses remains to be determined. In this study, we show that the XBB.1.5 messenger RNA (mRNA) boosters result in increased serum neutralization to multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants in humans, including the dominant circulating variant JN.1. In contrast, we found that the XBB.1.5 mRNA booster did not augment mucosal NAbs or mucosal IgA responses, although acute SARS-CoV-2 XBB infection substantially increased mucosal antibody responses. These data demonstrate that current XBB.1.5 mRNA boosters substantially enhance peripheral antibody responses but do not robustly increase mucosal antibody responses. Our data highlight a separation between the peripheral and mucosal immune systems in humans and emphasize the importance of developing next-generation vaccines to augment mucosal immunity to protect against respiratory virus infections.
Convergent reductive evolution in bee-associated lactic acid bacteria
Authors: Pontes Ana , Harrison Marie-Claire , Rokas Antonis , Gonçalves Carla
Published: October 2024

Distantly related organisms may evolve similar traits when exposed to similar environments or engaging in certain lifestyles. Several members of the Lactobacillaceae [lactic acid bacteria (LAB)] family are frequently isolated from the floral niche, mostly from bees and flowers. In some floral LAB species (henceforth referred to as bee-associated LAB), distinctive genomic (e.g., genome reduction) and phenotypic (e.g., preference for fructose over glucose or fructophily) features were recently documented. These features are found across distantly related species, raising the hypothesis that specific genomic and phenotypic traits evolved convergently during adaptation to the floral environment. To test this hypothesis, we examined representative genomes of 369 species of bee-associated and non-bee-associated LAB. Phylogenomic analysis unveiled seven independent ecological shifts toward the bee environment in LAB. In these species, we observed significant reductions of genome size, gene repertoire, and GC content. Using machine leaning, we could distinguish bee-associated from non-bee-associated species with 94% accuracy, based on the absence of genes involved in metabolism, osmotic stress, or DNA repair. Moreover, we found that the most important genes for the machine learning classifier were seemingly lost, independently, in multiple bee-associated lineages. One of these genes, acetaldehyde–alcohol dehydrogenase (
adhE
), encodes a bifunctional aldehyde–alcohol dehydrogenase which has been associated with the evolution of fructophily, a rare phenotypic trait that is pervasive across bee-associated LAB species. These results suggest that the independent evolution of distinctive phenotypes in bee-associated LAB has been largely driven by independent losses of the same sets of genes.

IMPORTANCE

Several LAB species are intimately associated with bees and exhibit unique biochemical properties with potential for food applications and honeybee health. Using a machine learning-based approach, our study shows that adaptation of LAB to the bee environment was accompanied by a distinctive genomic trajectory deeply shaped by gene loss. Several of these gene losses occurred independently in distantly related species and are linked to some of their unique biotechnologically relevant traits, such as the preference for fructose over glucose (fructophily). This study underscores the potential of machine learning in identifying fingerprints of adaptation and detecting instances of convergent evolution. Furthermore, it sheds light onto the genomic and phenotypic particularities of bee-associated bacteria, thereby deepening the understanding of their positive impact on honeybee health.
Fpa (YlaN) is an iron(II) binding protein that functions to relieve Fur-mediated repression of gene expression in
Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Boyd Jeffrey M. , Ryan Kaler Kylie , Esquilín-Lebrón Karla , Pall Ashley , Campbell Courtney J. , Foley Mary E. , Rios-Delgado Gustavo , Mustor Emilee M. , Stephens Timothy G. , Bovermann Hannah , Greco Todd M. , Cristea Ileana M. , Carabetta Valerie J. , Beavers William N. , Bhattacharya Debashish , Skaar Eric P. , Shaw Lindsey N. , Stemmler Timothy L.
Published: October 2024

Iron (Fe) is a trace nutrient required by nearly all organisms. As a result of the demand for Fe and the toxicity of non-chelated cytosolic ionic Fe, regulatory systems have evolved to tightly balance Fe acquisition and usage while limiting overload. In most bacteria, including the mammalian pathogen
Staphylococcus aureus
, the ferric uptake regulator (Fur) is the primary transcriptional regulator controlling the transcription of genes that code for Fe uptake and utilization proteins. Fpa (formerly YlaN) was demonstrated to be essential in
Bacillus subtilis
unless excess Fe is added to the growth medium, suggesting a role in Fe homeostasis. Here, we demonstrate that Fpa is essential in
S. aureus
upon Fe deprivation. Null
fur
alleles bypassed the essentiality of Fpa. The absence of Fpa abolished the derepression of Fur-regulated genes during Fe limitation. Bioinformatic analyses suggest that
fpa
was recruited to Gram-positive bacteria and, once acquired, was maintained in the genome as it co-evolved with Fur. Consistent with a role for Fpa in alleviating Fur-dependent repression, Fpa and Fur interacted
in vivo
, and Fpa decreased the DNA-binding ability of Fur
in vitro
. Fpa bound Fe(II)
in vitro
using oxygen or nitrogen ligands with an association constant that is consistent with a physiological role in Fe homeostasis. These findings have led to a model wherein Fpa is an Fe(II) binding protein that influences Fur-dependent regulation through direct interaction.

IMPORTANCE

Iron (Fe) is an essential nutrient for nearly all organisms. If Fe homeostasis is not maintained, Fe may accumulate in the cytosol, which can be toxic. Questions remain about how cells efficiently balance Fe uptake and usage to prevent overload. Iron uptake and proper metalation of proteins are essential processes in the mammalian bacterial pathogen
Staphylococcus aureus
. Understanding the gene products involved in the genetic regulation of Fe uptake and usage and the physiological adaptations that
S. aureus
uses to survive in Fe-depleted conditions provides insight into pathogenesis. Herein, we demonstrate that the DNA-binding activity of the ferric uptake regulator transcriptional repressor is alleviated under Fe limitation, but uniquely, in
S. aureus
, alleviation requires the presence of Fpa.
Diagnostic effectiveness of the Sport Mental Health Assessment Tool 1 supplemented with a brief clinical intake interview in a cohort of Polish elite Olympic athletes
Authors: Waleriańczyk Wojciech , Krzywański Jarosław , Gorgol Joanna , Konopka Katarzyna , Kuśmierczyk Agata , Lisek Grzegorz , Maleszka Piotr , Sławińska Małgorzata , Surała Olga , Więcław Grzegorz , Wójcik Katarzyna , Krysztofiak Hubert
Published: October 2024

Objective

Several studies have used the Sport Mental Health Assessment Tool 1 (SMHAT-1) among athletes but none have combined SMHAT-1 with a subsequent clinical intake interview. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic effectiveness of SMHAT-1 supplemented by a brief, in-person clinical intake interview in evaluating the prevalence of mental health concerns in elite athletes.

Methods

Sections 1 and 2 from SMHAT-1 were administered in person during the routine biannual medical check-up for Olympic athletes at the National Centre for Sports Medicine in Poland. Immediately after completing the measures, all athletes were interviewed by qualified psychologists who evaluated their mental health and provided recommendations.

Results

A total of 1121 elite athletes (545 female, 576 male) aged 18–53 (M=24.39, SD=5.09) were evaluated 2–8 months before the 2024 Paris Olympic Games; 72.4% scored above the triage threshold and 51% were positively screened in SMHAT-1’s section 2. Based on the subsequent mental health evaluation, only 9.5% showed signs of persistent mental health concerns and required referral to a mental health specialist. In 24.2%, their distress levels/symptoms were assessed as occasional and normal in relation to demands, and they underwent a psychoeducational intervention or were advised to consult a sports psychologist. Female athletes scored significantly higher in most questionnaires.

Conclusion

SMHAT-1 proved a useful addition to the routine medical check-ups for elite athletes. Extending SMHAT-1 with a brief clinical intake interview substantially elevated the efficacy of the mental health evaluation, with an additional benefit of raising mental health literacy.
Firearm-related threats before migrating to the USA from Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Weigend Vargas Eugenio , Goldstick Jason , Vargas Laura
Published: October 2024

Background

Every year, thousands of people from Latin America and the Caribbean are migrating to the USA. Policy-makers have argued that US firearms are fuelling violence in these countries and are contributing to migration. The objective of this article is to examine the proportion of immigrants from Latin America and the Caribbean arriving at the US border who have previously been threatened with a firearm. This article further explores sociodemographic factors associated with the likelihood of previous firearm-related threats, whether those threats are associated with post-traumatic stress disorder, as well as the reasons behind those threats.

Methods

Data were obtained from a survey of migrants recruited at the southern US border from March 2022 to August 2023. To be selected, respondents had to be 18 years of age or older, had to speak English or Spanish and come from a Latin American or Caribbean country. We used descriptive statistics and a logistic regression.

Results

We analysed 321 cases. Roughly, 48% of respondents reported previous firearm-related threats. Males and respondents coming from Honduras, Venezuela and El Salvador were more likely to report previous firearm-related threats. There was a strong association between previous firearm-related threats and signs of post-traumatic stress disorder. Most threats occurred during robberies or extortions, but other threats were perpetrated by authorities, to prevent crime reporting, or by intimate partners.

Conclusion

Understanding the violence, particularly firearm-related violence, experienced by those migrating to the USA from Latin America and the Caribbean could help guide policy discussion and actions.
Life’s a ditch: demographic history and environmental factors shape fine-scale local adaptation within small populations of brook trout
Authors: Jeon Hyung-Bae , Yates Matthew , Gallagher Brian K. , Fraser Dylan J.
Published: October 2024

Many studies have investigated the loss of adaptive potential in endangered or exploited species experiencing recent population declines. Less research has studied adaptive genomic variation in small populations known to have persisted for long periods, despite the unique contribution that such populations provide for determining mechanisms underlying population persistence in evolutionary and conservation modeling. Small populations of Brook trout ( Salvelinus fontinalis) have persisted in Cape Race, Newfoundland for >12 000 years. We used genotyping-by-sequencing data to investigate the demographic history and adaptive genomic variation of 26 populations with effective population sizes ( Ne) ranging from 11 to 442, and to explore mechanisms underlying long-term persistence. We show that all populations experienced demographic declines following postglacial colonization but have remained in their current, small Ne state for thousands of years. We also reveal greater homozygosity in adaptive alleles within the smallest populations and found signatures of adaptive divergence in small populations relating to several abiotic and biotic factors. Our study illustrates how the demographic history of a species can influence the adaptive dynamics of small populations persisting over long time periods.
A typology of potential hydraulic barriers to adult salmon migration in a bedrock river
Authors: Wright Morgan J. , Hurson Max , Robinson Kendra A. , Patterson David A. , Venditti Jeremy G.
Published: October 2024

Adult Pacific salmon ( Oncorhynchus spp.) in the Fraser River, British Columbia, can die trying to retrace and ascend the river network to their natal spawning grounds due to hydraulic barriers, where encounter velocities exceed swim speeds of adult salmon. We evaluated river hydraulics, river morphology, and swimming ability to better understand these potential hydraulic barriers. A 375 km centreline velocity survey of the Fraser Canyon identified 22 high velocity locations where the distribution of velocity within the reach could produce a hydraulic barrier. We identified and studied three flow types associated with these 22 high velocity locations: (1) plunging flows, (2) rapids, and (3) overfalls, using drone footage at various discharges to examine flow structure and compare surface velocities with swimming modes. Complex flow within the major hydraulic features highlights the spatial locations requiring anaerobic swimming and areas of potential recovery that change with discharge. This approach can be used to improve the understanding of fish migration limits in a natural river system and aid in future mitigation.
Temperature drives summer group size dynamics of Eastern Migratory caribou in the Hudson Bay lowlands of Manitoba
Authors: Lochansky Chloë , Boudreau Melanie R. , Turner Russell , Kliewer Maya , Webb Matthew , Clark Douglas , Brook Ryan K.
Published: October 2024

Aggregation behavior is pervasive across a broad range of animals and the outcome of this behaviour has both risks and rewards. Large aggregations of animals are a distinctive characteristic of migratory caribou ( Rangifer tarandus (Linnaeus, 1758)), primarily in response to the environment factors such as predation, although caribou may also aggregate during high summer temperatures, likely in an effort to mitigate parasitic biting flies. To see if caribou in the Cape Churchill Caribou Herd of the Eastern Migratory caribou ( Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus (Borowski, 1780)) Designatible Unit, also displayed aggregation behavior in relation to warmer summer temperatures, we collected trail camera photos with associated temperature readings during the summer period (May to September) from 2017 to 2020 in their summer range in Wapusk National Park, Manitoba, Canada. We found that summer caribou aggregation size was positively associated with ambient temperature, with aggregations increasing in size as temperature increased. The mechanism behind this behaviour should be investigated, as we predict more frequent and large caribou aggregations as summer temperatures continue to warm.
YEW-KWANG NG THE UTILITARIAN: AN APPRECIATION
Authors: SUN GUANG-ZHEN
Published: October 2024

The most important insight of Yew-Kwang Ng as a scholar is the single idea that welfare dictates humanity and the other sentient beings as well. This idea serves as the unifying principle that runs through the lion’s share of significant contributions by Ng, as an outstanding defender and an innovative modern theorist of utilitarianism, to a good number of literatures in economics and beyond.
L-R-(m,n,p,q)-smash product and (m,n,p,q)-Yetter–Drinfel’d–Long category
Authors: Yan Dongdong
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we first introduce the notion of L-R-[Formula: see text]-smash biproduct [Formula: see text] over monoidal Hom-bialgebra [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text], and give the sufficient condition for [Formula: see text] to be a monoidal Hom-bialgebra. Furthermore, we describe the concept of [Formula: see text]-Yetter–Drinfel’d–Long bimodule via L-R-[Formula: see text]-smash biproduct monoidal Hom-bialgebra, and prove that the category [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]-Yetter–Drinfel’d–Long bimodule is a braided monoidal category. At last, we give the equivalence relationship between [Formula: see text] and the category [Formula: see text] of Yetter–Drinfel’d modules as braided monoidal categories.
On ρ-semipermutable subgroups of finite groups
Authors: Huang Yuxi , Xu Yong
Published: October 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be a finite group and [Formula: see text] a subgroup of [Formula: see text]. We say that [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-semipermutable in [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] permutes with all Sylow subgroups [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. This paper aims to study the structure of finite groups [Formula: see text] in the context of the assumption that all maximal subgroups of a Sylow [Formula: see text]-subgroup of [Formula: see text] are [Formula: see text]-semipermutable and some new results are obtained.
Injective edge coloring of sparse graphs
Authors: Lai Hong-Jian , Luo Austin
Published: October 2024

A [Formula: see text]-edge coloring of a graph [Formula: see text] is a mapping [Formula: see text]. A [Formula: see text]-injective edge coloring is a [Formula: see text]-edge coloring such that any two edges [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] with distance exactly [Formula: see text] or in a triangle receive distinct colors. The injective edge chromatic index of a graph [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text], is the minimum integer [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] has a [Formula: see text]-injective edge coloring. In this paper, we show that [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text]; and [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text]. We also show that [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] is subcubic and [Formula: see text].
A Simple Method to Determine Electric and Magnetic Field Line Equations Using Flux Analysis
Authors: Yusmantoro
Published: October 2024

In this research, we provide a simple way to determine the equations of magnetic and electric field lines in any point using flux analysis. We believe that this technique will be understandable for undergraduate students because the required mathematical skill is quite simple. Moreover, this is also much simpler compared to the usual methods involving complex analysis or integration of the first-order differential equation of the field lines. In this method, we just need to know the vector field generated by the source and find the flux passing through a surface using basic calculus. We calculate the flux which goes through a surface and equate it with another surface having the same flux which is regarded as a constant. Therefore, we obtain the relation between the coordinates [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in a single equation. We give several examples of the cases in electrostatics and magnetostatics as demonstrations.
Transport and Immune Functions of the Lymphatic System
Authors: Davis Michael J. , Zawieja Scott D. , King Philip D.
Published: October 2024

Two major functions of the lymphatic system are the reabsorption of excess interstitial fluid/protein and the coordination of immune cell interactions and trafficking. Specialized junctions between lymphatic endothelial cells optimize reabsorption. The spontaneous contractions of collecting vessels provide active lymph propulsion. One-way valves prevent backflow, and chemokine gradients direct the migration of immune cells. Specialized compartments within the lymph node facilitate antigen-immune cell interactions to produce innate and acquired immunity. Lymphatic injury and/or mutations in genes controlling vessel/valve development result in contractile/valve dysfunction, reduced immune cell trafficking and, ultimately, lymphedema. Activated CD4+ T cells produce inflammatory mediators that exacerbate these processes, potentially leading to interstitial and lymphatic vessel remodeling and negatively impacting overall function. Mouse models have advanced our knowledge of lymphatic disease, but clinical trials to reduce the impact of inflammatory mediators have yielded mixed success, implying that additional factors underlying human lymphedema are not yet understood.
The Circadian Brain and Cognition
Authors: Cajochen Christian , Schmidt Christina
Published: October 2024

Circadian rhythms are inherent to living organisms from single cells to humans and operate on a genetically determined cycle of approximately 24 hours. These endogenous rhythms are aligned with the external light/dark cycle of the Earth's rotation and offer the advantage of anticipating environmental changes. Circadian rhythms act directly on human cognition and indirectly through their fundamental influence on sleep/wake cycles. The strength of the circadian regulation of performance depends on the accumulated sleep debt and the cognitive domain, and it has been suggested to involve the activation of ascending arousal systems and their interaction with attention and other cognitive processes. In addition, attention-related cortical responses show extensive circadian rhythms, the phases of which vary across brain regions. This review discusses the impact of the circadian system on sleep/wake regulation and cognitive performance. It further addresses the health implications of circadian disruption, particularly in relation to mental and neurological disorders.
The RSNA Abdominal Traumatic Injury CT (RATIC) Dataset
Authors: Rudie Jeffrey D. , Lin Hui-Ming , Ball Robyn L. , Jalal Sabeena , Prevedello Luciano M. , Nicolaou Savvas , Marinelli Brett S. , Flanders Adam E. , Magudia Kirti , Shih George , Davis Melissa A. , Mongan John , Chang Peter D. , Berger Ferco H. , Hermans Sebastiaan , Law Meng , Richards Tyler , Grunz Jan-Peter , Kunz Andreas Steven , Mathur Shobhit , Galea-Soler Sandro , Chung Andrew D. , Afat Saif , Kuo Chin-Chi , Aweidah Layal , Villanueva Campos Ana , Somasundaram Arjuna , Sanchez Tijmes Felipe Antonio , Jantarangkoon Attaporn , Kayat Bittencourt Leonardo , Brassil Michael , El Hajjami Ayoub , Dogan Hakan , Becircic Muris , Bharatkumar Agrahara G. , Júdice de Mattos Farina Eduardo Moreno , Colak Errol ,   for the Dataset Curator Group,   Dataset Contributor Group,   Dataset Annotator Group, Sandstrom Claire K. , Sosa Fleitas Angel Ramon , Kosowan Joel , Welman Christopher J , Arslan Sevtap , Bernstein Mark , Chu Linda C. , Lee Karen S. , Kulkarni Chinmay , Min Taejin , Beenen Ludo , Jacobs Betsy , Steenburg Scott , Tirumani Sree Harsha , Wallace Eric , Fidvi Shabnam , Oliver Helen , Rhodes Casey , Flejder Paulo Alberto , Sheikh Adnan , Munshi Muhammad , Revels Jonathan , Mathew Vinu , De La Hoz Polo Marcela , Bonde Apurva , Jandaghi Ali Babaei , Moreland Robert , Rajput M. Zak , Lee James T. , Madhuripan Nikhil , Sobieh Ahmed , Calado Bruno Nagel , Jaskolka Jeffrey D. , Myers Lee , Kohl Laura , Wu Matthew , Chan Wesley , Diaz Facundo Nahuel , Abdala Nitamar , Adleberg Jason , Ahmad Waqas , Ajala Christopher O. , Altinmakas Emre , Ausman Robin , Gómez Bermejo Miguel Ángel , Bulja Deniz , Chaimaa Jeddi , Chen Lin-Hung , Chen Sheng-Hsuan , Chiang Hsiu-Yin , Chowdhury Rahin , Dreizin David , Fayad Zahi , Frank Yigal , Jiang Sirui , Kadic Belma , Kavnoudias Helen , Kagen Alexander , Kitamura Felipe C. , Kruscica Nedim , Kushdilian Michael , Lee Brian , Lee Jennifer , Lee Robin , Lin Che-Chen , Motupally Karun , Navin Eamonn , Nencka Andrew S. , Newman Christopher , Khaoula Akdi , Osman Shady , Parker William , Peoples Jacob J. , Pereañez Marco , Rushton Christopher , Mahmoud Navee Sidi , Mei Xueyan , Rosipko Beverly , Sarfarz Muhammad Danish , Sheikh Adnan , Shekarforoush Maryam , Simpson Amber , Udare Ashlesha , Uram Victoria , Ward Emily V. , Waters Conor , Wu Min-Yen , Wudhikulprapan Wanat , Zia Adil , Aitken Matthew , Lai Patrick Chun-Yin , Crivellaro Priscila , Kalpathy-Cramer Jayashree , Hu Zixuan , Mimish Reem , Muneeb Aeman , Naseri Mitra , Vazirabad Maryam , Saluja Rachit
Published: October 2024

The RSNA Abdominal Traumatic Injury CT (ie, RATIC) dataset contains 4274 abdominal CT studies with annotations related to traumatic injuries and is available at https://www.kaggle.com/competitions/rsna-2023-abdominal-trauma-detection and https://imaging.rsna.org/dataset/5 .
Development of a Reliable Assay of Eco-friendly Fe3O4@Ag Nanocomposite-Based Giant Magnetoresistance Sensor
Authors: Wibowo Nur Aji , Hariyanto Dani Muhammad , Zurnansyah  , Darmawan Mahardika Yoga , Ardiyanti Harlina , Istiqomah Nurul Imani , Nakamura Kohji , Suharyadi Edi
Published: October 2024

For the development of green magnetic-based immunoassay devices, the rapid and reliable assay method of eco-friendly magnetic labels with a lower energy requirement is vital. This work proposes a green-synthesized Fe3O4@Ag magnetic label assay system using GMR chips and a simple microcontroller-based data acquisition tool. Optical analysis shows the successful synthesis of Fe3O4@Ag with the assistance of Moringa oleifera (MO) extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Meanwhile, according to characterization, MO-assisted green-synthesized Fe3O4@Ag nanocomposites feature cubic inverse spinel structures and ferromagnetic characteristics that possess multi-domain structures. The sensor system generates an intense signal, varying from tens to hundreds of millivolts, allowing for its detection using a simple microcontroller system. The sensor exhibits a stable and reliable response to the increase in the concentration of Fe3O4@Ag nanocomposite, even though it is subjected to weak magnetic field induction. Furthermore, the introduction of Ag on the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles succeeded in optimizing the detection features, as evidenced by the lower limit of detection compared to detecting the bare Fe3O4. The GMR-based sensor, featuring a simple microcontroller structure and an eco-friendly Fe3O4@Ag nanocomposite as a magnetic label, exhibits significant potential as a rapid and reliable green biosensor that is power-efficient.
Optical Interaction of CdTe/ZnS Quantum Dots with Sodium Alginate Biopolymer PAA-Modified for Glucose Detection
Authors: Alanazi Nadyah , Akhdar Hanan , Alinad Tarfah , Pandiaraj Saravanan , Alodhayb Abdullah N.
Published: October 2024

In this paper, a novel and efficient method for glucose detection is designed and synthesized using a biopolymer-based nanocomposite covering zinc sulfide-coated cadmium telluride quantum dots. The obtained quantum dot is modified with polyacrylic acid (PAA) polymer attached to sodium alginate so that it can be used as a biosensor based on nanotechnology to detect glucose with a new method while taking advantage of the characteristics of fluorescent cadmium telluride-sulfide. The used method has advantages such as a safe preparation method and the use of cheap materials. The Fluorescence quenching method is used to systematically investigate the effect of quantum dots of cadmium telluride-zinc sulfide modified with biopolymer on glucose. One of the important advantages is the possibility of evaluating several parameters at the same time according to the multiple wavelengths of radiation of quantum dots of the sensor. The resulted experiments shows that quantum dots prepared from acrylic acid monomer with a concentration of 50 microliters and measured at temperatures lower than 25 °C at which the sensitivity is measured as 6.36 μg ml−1 at the lowest detection range whose characteristics can be evident from the glucose and absorption curve studies.
Multidigit tactile perception II: perceptual weighting during integration follows a leading-finger priority
Authors: Takamuku Shinya , Arslanova Irena , Gomi Hiroaki , Haggard Patrick
Published: October 2024

The capacity of the tactile system to process multiple simultaneous stimuli is restricted. One solution could be to prioritize input from more informative sources. Here, we show that sensory weighting accorded to each finger during multidigit touch is biased in a direction-dependent manner when different motions are delivered to the fingers of the same hand. We argue that tactile inputs are weighted based on purely geometric information to prioritize “novel” information from the leading finger.
Induced discomfort promotes executive function while walking with(out) an artificial neuromuscular impairment
Authors: Manczurowsky Julia , Cline Trevor L. , Hillman Charles H. , Hasson Christopher J.
Published: October 2024

When locomotor and cognitive tasks compete for shared neural resources, cognitive-motor interference may impair performance in both domains. To understand how impairments that cause pain or change neuromotor control impact cognition during locomotion, we gave healthy adults an uncomfortable, artificial neuromuscular impairment while they walked and completed a task dependent on ignoring distracting stimuli. We found that discomfort enhanced participants’ ability to ignore distractions, providing new insight into the mediators of cognition during impaired movement.
Effects of continuous theta burst stimulation on contralateral primary motor cortex: a concurrent TMS-EEG study
Authors: Xu Rui , Chen Han , Zhang Haichao , Meng Lin , Ming Dong
Published: October 2024

In right-handed individuals, the left hemisphere exhibits higher excitability. According to hemispheric competition theory, applying continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) to inhibit excitability in the left hemisphere can reduce its inhibitory effect on the right, thereby promoting neural excitability. This study applied cTBS to the left M1 of healthy individuals and, for the first time, recorded transcranial magnetic stimulation-evoked electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) from the right M1 to analyze the effects of cTBS on cortical oscillations and network connectivity in the contralateral cortex.
Intermittent hypoxia enhances voluntary activation and reduces performance fatigability during repeated lower limb contractions
Authors: Bogard Alysha T. , Pollet Aviva K. , Tan Andrew Q.
Published: October 2024

This study shows that repetitive acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH) significantly increases both voluntary activation and peak torque during fatiguing lower limb contractions. However, resting spinal reflex excitability and antagonist muscle coactivation during fatiguing contractions did not change following repetitive AIH. Together, these observations indicate that repetitive AIH reduces performance fatigability through enhanced descending neural drive. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of AIH for promoting motor recovery after neurological injury.
Median Pancreatectomy for Frantz Tumor: Management of a Splenic Artery Aneurysm by Radiological Embolization
Authors: Idrissi Kaitouni Boubker , Ouzzaouit Hamza , Laalou Talha , Sekkat Hamza , Mahi Mohamed , Nassar Ittimade , El Aoufir Omar , Bakkali Youness , Mhamdi Alaoui Mouna , Sabbah Farid , Raiss Mohammed , Hrora Abdelmalek
Published: October 2024

Iatrogenic aneurysms of the splenic artery constitute a rare yet potentially severe complication arising from diverse medical or surgical interventions. The clinical complexity and challenging management strategies associated with these aneurysms pose significant difficulties for clinicians. This circumstance is exemplified in our case report, detailing an iatrogenic aneurysm of the splenic artery that emerged secondary to a pancreatic fistula following a median pancreatectomy performed for a Frantz tumor. The intricate clinical presentation of this case underscores the considerable management challenges posed by such iatrogenic complications.
Multitype Origin‐Destination (OD) Passenger Flow Prediction for Urban Rail Transit: A Deep Learning Clustering First Predicting Second Integrated Framework
Authors: Huang Zhaocha , Zheng Han , Yang Kuan
Published: October 2024

Accurately predicting origin‐destination (OD) passenger flows serves as the basis for implementing efficient plans, including line planning and timetabling. However, due to the complexity and variety of OD passenger flows types, general prediction models have difficulty in capturing the features of different OD passenger flows, which in turn leads to poor prediction performance. To address this issue, we propose an integrated framework that combines clustering and prediction methods. First, an unsupervised deep learning model is devised to automatically cluster OD flow types by capturing shape characteristics. Second, three types of features are created to enhance training efficiency, including static features, time‐dependent observed features, and time‐dependent known features. Based on the clustering of OD passenger flow, a weighted adaptive passenger flow prediction model is developed. The study employs a temporal fusion transformers model to enable multitype OD passenger flow prediction. In the numerical experiments, the model was applied to the urban rail transit in South China, and the model clustered 15,168 OD pairs into 4 types for prediction. The findings show that this approach enhanced the prediction accuracy by 2.0%–9.6% compared to the LSTM model and by 1.6%–4.3% compared to the Graph WaveNet. Moreover, the model can accurately assess the various features for diverse types of OD flows.
Four Cases of Myeloproliferative Disorders Associated With Down Syndrome: Distinguishing ML‐DS From TAM‐DS
Authors: Boumeghar Kévin , Daliphard Sylvie , Buchbinder Nimrod , Boutet Catherine , Penther Dominique , Etancelin Pascaline , Bourgain Julien , Buchonnet Gérard , Bera Elsa , Bobée Victor
Published: October 2024

Down syndrome (DS) is defined by an extra copy of chromosome 21 and confers an increased susceptibility to hematological disorders. Transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) and myeloid‐leukemia associated with Down syndrome (ML‐DS) are two conditions that need to be accurately diagnosed to provide appropriate management. Both TAM and ML‐DS are characterized by proliferation of megakaryoblasts carrying a mutation in the GATA1 gene. Here, we report four cases with educational significance, highlighting typical diagnostic features that facilitate the differentiation between these two conditions, thereby assisting clinicians and medical laboratory professionals in effectively managing and monitoring these patients.
Supplementary Tables from Discovery and Pharmacological Characterization of JNJ-64619178, a Novel Small-Molecule Inhibitor of PRMT5 with Potent Antitumor Activity
Authors: Brehmer Dirk , Beke Lijs , Wu Tongfei , Millar Hillary J. , Moy Christopher , Sun Weimei , Mannens Geert , Pande Vineet , Boeckx An , van Heerde Erika , Nys Thomas , Gustin Emmanuel M. , Verbist Bie , Zhou Longen , Fan Yue , Bhargava Vipul , Safabakhsh Pegah , Vinken Petra , Verhulst Tinne , Gilbert Angelique , Rai Sumit , Graubert Timothy A. , Pastore Friederike , Fiore Danilo , Gu Junchen , Johnson Amy , Philippar Ulrike , Morschhäuser Barbara , Walker David , De Lange Desiree , Keersmaekers Vikki , Viellevoye Marcel , Diels Gaston , Schepens Wim , Thuring Jan Willem , Meerpoel Lieven , Packman Kathryn , Lorenzi Matthew V. , Laquerre Sylvie
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Tables
Supplementary Figures from Discovery and Pharmacological Characterization of JNJ-64619178, a Novel Small-Molecule Inhibitor of PRMT5 with Potent Antitumor Activity
Authors: Brehmer Dirk , Beke Lijs , Wu Tongfei , Millar Hillary J. , Moy Christopher , Sun Weimei , Mannens Geert , Pande Vineet , Boeckx An , van Heerde Erika , Nys Thomas , Gustin Emmanuel M. , Verbist Bie , Zhou Longen , Fan Yue , Bhargava Vipul , Safabakhsh Pegah , Vinken Petra , Verhulst Tinne , Gilbert Angelique , Rai Sumit , Graubert Timothy A. , Pastore Friederike , Fiore Danilo , Gu Junchen , Johnson Amy , Philippar Ulrike , Morschhäuser Barbara , Walker David , De Lange Desiree , Keersmaekers Vikki , Viellevoye Marcel , Diels Gaston , Schepens Wim , Thuring Jan Willem , Meerpoel Lieven , Packman Kathryn , Lorenzi Matthew V. , Laquerre Sylvie
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Figures
DNA-PK Inhibition Shows Differential Radiosensitization in Orthotopic GBM PDX Models Based on DDR Pathway Deficits
Authors: Dragojevic Sonja , Smith Emily J. , Regan Michael S. , Stopka Sylwia A. , Baquer Gerard , Xue Zhiyi , Zhang Wenjuan , Connors Margaret A. , Kloeber Jake A. , Hu Zeng , Bakken Katrina K. , Ott Lauren L. , Carlson Brett L. , Burgenske Danielle M. , Decker Paul A. , Tian Shulan , Gupta Shiv K. , Laverty Daniel J. , Eckel-Passow Jeanette E. , Elmquist William F. , Agar Nathalie Y.R. , Nagel Zachary D. , Sarkaria Jann N. , Callaghan Cameron M.
Published: October 2024

Glioblastoma (GBM) remains one of the most therapy-resistant malignancies with frequent local failures despite aggressive surgery, chemotherapy, and ionizing radiation (IR). Small molecule inhibitors of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKi) are potent radiosensitizers currently in clinical trials. Determining which patients may benefit from radiosensitization with DNA-PKi is critical to avoid unnecessary increased risk of normal tissue toxicity. In this study, we used GBM patient-derived xenografts (PDX) in orthotopic murine models to study the relationship between molecular features, pharmacokinetics, and the radiosensitizing potential of the DNA-PKi peposertib. We show that peposertib radiosensitizes established and PDX GBM lines in vitro at 300 nmol/L and above, with a significant increase in radiosensitization by maintaining post-IR exposure for >12 hours. Radiosensitization by peposertib is mediated by catalytic inhibition of DNA-PK, and knockdown of DNA-PK by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) largely abolished the radiosensitizing effect. Peposertib decreased auto-phosphorylation of DNA-PKcs after IR in a dose-dependent manner with a delay in resolution of γH2AX foci at 24 hours. The addition of peposertib to IR significantly increased survival in GBM120 orthotopic xenografts, but not in GBM10. There was no difference in plasma or average tumor concentrations of peposertib in the two cohorts. Although the mechanism underpinning this discordant effect in vitro versus in vivo is not clear, there was an association for greater sensitization in TP53 mutant lines. Transfection of a dominant-negative TP53 mutant in baseline TP53 wild-type GBM lines significantly delayed growth and decreased nonhomologous end joining efficiency (but not homologous recombination), after peposertib exposure.
Data from Tumor NOS2 and COX2 Spatial Juxtaposition with CD8+ T Cells Promote Metastatic and Cancer Stem Cell Niches that Lead to Poor Outcome in ER− Breast Cancer
Authors: Ridnour Lisa A. , Heinz William F. , Cheng Robert Y.S. , Wink Adelaide L. , Kedei Noemi , Pore Milind , Imtiaz Fatima , Femino Elise L. , Gonzalez Ana L. , Coutinho Leandro L. , Moffat Rebecca L. , Butcher Donna , Edmondson Elijah F. , Li Xiaoxian , Rangel Maria Cristina , Kinders Robert J. , Rittscher Jens , Lipkowitz Stanley , Wong Stephen T.C. , Anderson Stephen K. , McVicar Daniel W. , Glynn Sharon A. , Billiar Timothy R. , Chang Jenny C. , Hewitt Stephen M. , Ambs Stefan , Lockett Stephen J. , Wink David A.
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Estrogen receptor–negative breast cancer is an aggressive subtype with limited therapeutic options. Elevated nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) and COX2 mediate immunosuppression and poor survival in these tumors. Therefore, the influence of tumor NOS2/COX2 on immune architecture was examined in 16 African American and five Caucasian estrogen receptor–negative tumors. Elevated tumor NOS2/COX2 limited CD8+ T-cell infiltration at 5-year survival. Distinct CD8+/−NOS2+/−COX2+/− phenotypes defining metastatic and cancer stem cell niches and immune desert regions were identified. These results were supported by an unbiased, unsupervised nonlinear dimensionality reduction technique, Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection for Dimension Reduction, incorporating spatial relations between cells and validated in a separate gene expression cohort using NOS2/CD8 and COX2/CD8 ratios. Additionally, elongated tumor cells were specifically in CD8−NOS2+COX2+ regions, suggesting metastatic hot spots. This work demonstrates predictive power of spatial analyses of CD8/NOS2/COX2 architecture and supports the use of clinically available NOS2/COX2 inhibitors for improved survival in patients with these aggressive tumors.
Significance:
This work identifies CD8−NOS2+COX2+ and CD8−NOS2−COX2+ unique cellular neighborhoods that drive the tumor immune spatial architecture of CD8+ T cells predictive of clinical outcome and can be targeted with clinically available NOS inhibitors and NSAIDs.
Do Antibiotics Cause Inflammatory Bowel Disease? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Scharf Ellen , Schlattmann Peter , Stallhofer Johannes , Stallmach Andreas
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), exhibits a multifactorial pathogenesis influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Antibiotic usage has been implicated in modifying the gut microbiome, potentially leading to dysbiosis and contributing to IBD risk. Despite existing literature, the relationship remains inconclusive. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between prior antibiotic use and the onset of IBD. Methods: A systematic literature search in PubMed was conducted to identify studies exploring the link between antibiotic use and subsequent IBD diagnosis. Studies reporting CD, UC, or both as primary outcomes were included. The meta-analysis, performed according to PRISMA guidelines, summarized risk estimates, represented as odds ratios (ORs), and corresponding confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses involved the categorization of antibiotics and the determination of the minimum number of antibiotic therapy courses administered. Results: Out of 722 publications, 31 studies comprising 102,103 individuals met eligibility criteria. The pooled OR for IBD in those with prior antibiotic exposure was 1.40 (95% CI: 1.25–1.56). Antibiotic use was associated with an increased risk of IBD (OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.19–1.94). Notably, this association was confined to CD (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.27–1.77), while no significant association was observed with UC (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.00–1.47). Risk augmentation for IBD correlated positively with the number of antibiotic courses (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.05–1.12). Conclusion: Previous antibiotic use is associated with the later development of CD. A positive dose-response effect was also observed. Against this background, antibiotics should be used rationally.
What Is the Best Experimental Model for Developing Novel Therapeutics in Peripheral Artery Disease?
Authors: Lejay Anne , Wu Winona W. , Kuntz Salomé H. , Feinberg Mark W.
Published: October 2024

Clinical problem:

More than 200 million people worldwide have peripheral artery disease (PAD). PAD affects the quality of life and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Standard treatment for severe cases of PAD is surgical or endovascular revascularization. However, up to 30% of patients are not candidates for open or endovascular procedures, due to high operative risk or unfavorable vascular involvement. Furthermore, revascularization procedures may be insufficient to adequately improve microvascular tissue perfusion, wound healing, or limb salvage. Accordingly, regardless of advances in treatment modalities, outcomes of patients with PAD have remained unfavorable. Therefore, new medical therapeutic approaches are much needed. Small animal models are indispensable tools for the understanding of PAD physiopathology and the development of novel medical therapies.

Recommendations for increasing translation from animal models:

Development of animal models that more closely mimic the pathophysiology (with occlusive atherothrombosis and chronic development of limb ischemia) can incorporate the cardiovascular risk factors associated with this disease state, and focus on more clinically relevant outcomes is critical. In practice, this means using both animals that develop atherosclerosis and methods for the application of gradual arterial occlusion to induce hind limb ischemia. Doing so will likely help identify novel targets for intervention and overcome some principal challenges confronted by previous clinical trials. While various rodent models are discussed, the optimal animal model is yet to be defined.
The Participation of Ethnic Groups and Minorities in Political and Institutional Life in Kosovo
Authors: Bezeraj Selim , Kreka Alba
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the participation and engagement of ethnic groups and minorities in Kosovo’s political and institutional life during the post-war period (after 1999) and the post-independence phase (after 2008). The involvement of minorities in Kosovo’s institutional framework is grounded in the concept of a multiethnic state, with constitutional and legal provisions ensuring their rights. These provisions enable minorities to participate in all areas of state activity within the Republic of Kosovo. The paper addresses how circumstances and opportunities for participation have evolved, the challenges, threats, and risks faced, and what legislative measures have been enacted to ensure the political and institutional representation of ethnic groups and minorities.
Erasmus’ Encomia
Authors: Regier Willis Goth
Published: October 2024

Erasmus praised contemporaries in books, letters, prefaces, and adagia. His public career was launched with an ostentatious work of praise, the Panegyricus ad Philippum Austriae (1504), in which he satisfied court expectations and literary tradition. He titled five works Encomium; one of them—the Moriae Encomium (Praise of Folly)—is by far his most popular book. This article examines his encomia and his interest in writing them. It identifies the models and conventions Erasmus inherited and recounts the trouble he took to make his encomia unique.