bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Head Mild Hypothermia Inhibits the Increase of Extracellular Glutamate Concentration by Upregulating Glial Glutamate Transporter 1 During Ischemia-reperfusion Injury
Authors: Ma Dongyang , An Qi , Zhang Zhiqiang , Bian Qinghu , Li Yanan , Li Yanli , Zhang Shan
Published: November 2019

Background Stroke is characterized by high morbidity, high mortality and disability. Therefore, it is very important to illuminate the pathological mechanism and find effective treatment strategies. Hypothermia therapy is widely used in clinical as a neuroprotective strategy practice. However, the exact mechanism is not fully understood. Methods Four-vessel occlusion (4-VO) was used to establish animal models of global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and nasopharyngeal cavity cooling method was used for hypothermia treatment. Extracellular fluid in hippocampal CA1 area was collected by microdialysis technology, and extracellular glutamate concentration ([Glu]e) was detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The expression levels of glial glutamate transport-1(GLT-1), Bcl-2 and Bax at the determined time points in hippocampal CA1 area were detected by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry and histopathological evaluation was performed by thionin staining. Dihydrokainate (DHK), a GLT-1 specific inhibitor, was used to confirm the function of GLT-1 in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Results Cerebral brain ischemia-reperfusion caused the downregulation of GLT-1 and Bcl-2, the upregulation of Bax, and an increase in [Glu]e, and leaded to neuron loss. Head mild hypothermia (HMH) for 2 h applied 8min after ischemic insult attenuated the abovementioned effects of ischemia-reperfusion, while pretreatment with DHK by injection into the lateral ventricle inhibited this effect. Conclusion HMH can play a neuroprotective role by upregulating GLT-1 and reducing the excitotoxicity of Glutamate during ischemia-reperfusion insult in rats. Keywords Ischemia-reperfusion; Mild hypothermia; Glutamate transport; Neuroprotection
QTL-seq Analysis of Seed Size Trait in Grape Reveal New Insight on The Genetics of Seedlessness
Authors: Wang Li , Zhang Songlin , Jiao Chen , Li Zhi , Liu Chonghuai , Wang Xiping
Published: November 2019

Background Seedlessness in grape ( Vitis vinifera ) is an important commercial trait for both the fresh and drying markets. However, despite numerous studies, the mechanisms and key genes regulating grape seedlessness are mostly unknown. Results In this study, we sequenced the genomes of the V. vinifera seeded cultivar ‘Red Globe’, the seedless cultivar ‘Centennial’, as well as the derived hybrids. Nonsynonymous SNPs were identified and analyzed with respect to published transcriptome data. All the DEGs containing nonsynonymous SNPs were further analyzed in terms of expression patterns, Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment. A potential QTL region associated with seed size was characterized based on SNP indices for both seedless and seeded progeny. Expression analysis of candidate genes during ovule development in multiple seeded and seedless grape cultivars further indicates their potential function in grape seed development. Conclusion In summary, DEGs containing nonsynonymous SNPs were mainly protein kinase, transcription factors, cytochrome P450 and other factors related to seed development, which were mainly involved in biological processes like hormone balance, seed coat and endosperm development, reproductive organ development, oxidation and reduction, senescence and cell death. Based on SNP-index and expression pattern analysis, three genes were further identified as potential seedlessness-related genes. Overall the data cast light on the differences of seed development between seeded and sedless progeny in perspective of both functional variants and expression pattern,which provides valuable candidates for future functional study.
Control Study between CT Signs and Pathological Subtypes and Differentiation Degree in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Duan Lizhen , Shan Wenli , Bo Genji , Lu Guangming , Guo Lili
Published: November 2019

Background: To study the relationship between CT signs and pathological subtypes and differentiation degree in lung adenocarcinoma.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 394 cases’ CT images of lung adenocarcinoma and compared the diversity of images among PIL, MIA and IAC, as well as differentiation degrees of IAC by Kruskal-Wall test and X2 test.Results: There was no statistical difference of CT sign between PIL and MIA (P＞0.05). There are statistical differences among size and density of PIL, MIA and IAC (P＜0.01); the incidences of pleura traction sign, spicule sign, lobulation sign, tumor vascular sign, bronchial cut-off sign, air bronchogram sign and cavity sign in IAC were higher than the other two groups (P＜0.05); there was no statistical difference of vacuole sign among PIL, MIA and IAC (P＞0.05). There are statistical differences among size and density of three differentiated subgroups (P＜0.01); the incidences of pleura traction sign, spicule sign, tumor vascular sign, bronchial cut-off sign and cavity sign in poorly differentiated subgroup were highest (P＜0.01); the incidence of air bronchogram sign in highly differentiated subgroup was higher than moderately and poorly differentiated subgroup while incidence of lobulation sign was the lowest in three subgroups above (P＜0.05) ; there was no statistical difference of vacuole sign among three differentiated subgroups (P＞0.05).Conclusions: CT signs of lung adenocarcinoma are closely related to pathological subtypes and differentiation degrees，which would have great value to help predict tumor types and make treatment plans in clinical.
The Influences of the Digital Revolution on the Educational System of the EU Countries
Authors: Cosmulese Cristina Gabriela , Grosu Veronica , Hlaciuc Elena , Zhavoronok Artur
Published: November 2019

In the context of the information skills development programs that are being developed by the EU, there is an increasing interest in the acquisition and use of digital competences as an impact factor on the educational system at all its was levels. The present study aims to analyze the evolution of digital specializations generated by the digital evolution, in parallel with the development of the educational system, through a statistical analysis of the main indicators that have been reported at EU level on early education abandonment, employment rate of graduates, employment of IT specialists by gender, adult participation in gender-based learning, and other impact indicators that demonstrate the capacity of the population in the digital domain through the use of ICT solutions. The object of research were the statistical indicators reported for 2017 by Eurostat at the level of the European Union, for each member state of the union, obtaining a total of 29 statistical observations. The data were modelled through the GRETL statistical program, obtaining a model based on the smallest squares method in 2 phases. This paper shows that there is a need to assimilate the European approaches in the field of digital evolution, a necessity which varies according to the economic development of each member state, Romania being ranked in the chapter of assimilation of the objectives of the open education agenda in the second part of the European ranking, including based on the low absorption rates provided for Union programs in this area. The study theoretically proves and empirically confirms that the function obtained through modelling can be assimilated to the service demand function and can be integrated into the offer function harmonized with the information factor. This research study represents a contribution to the field of management of public utility companies and can be useful for educational institutions, students, the labour market and the general public, providing a starting point for further in-depth research in this area.
Keywords: educational system, digital revolution, economic development, EU Agenda
MARKET SEGMENTATION IN HEALTHCARE
Authors: Antosova Irena , Hazuchova Naďa , Stavkova Jana
Published: November 2019

The share of healthcare expenditure in the first income decile in their income is higher in comparison with other deciles, however, their expenditure is the lowest. The main purpose of the research is to show the availability of healthcare in different income groups of households. Literature sources indicate that some specific household social classes face problems with access to healthcare because of low income. Firstly, public healthcare expenditure is evaluated. The low share of research and development expenditure in healthcare is alarming. Investigation continues in the accessibility of healthcare and medicines in households. The paper reveals segments of endangered low-income households with insufficient healthcare that decrease their living standard. The main data source for conducted analyses of household situations is primary data from Household Budget Survey and primary data from EU-Statistics on Income and Living Conditions survey in four years 2007, 2010, 2014 and 2016 in the Czech Republic. The paper presents the results of an analysis of households which showed that first low-income decile has the lowest healthcare payments in absolute expression but the relative number of healthcare expenditure confirms that low-income households spend the most of their income on healthcare in the comparison with other households. The first income decile is mainly composed of old-age pensioners and unemployed consumers. The structure of household healthcare expenditure according to expenditure categories shows that all consumers pay the most for non-prescription drugs followed by prescription drugs, orthopaedic and therapeutic aids, ambulatory dental care and ambulatory medical care. The research confirms that specific groups of households cannot afford appropriate healthcare. The constructed Health Poverty Index expresses that low-income households would need their income to be higher by at least 4.36 % to be able to afford average healthcare expenditure and appropriate healthcare.
THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE FOR COMPANY'S INNOVATION STRATEGY
Authors: Pietruszka-Ortyl Anna
Published: November 2019

The resource-based view recognizes present organizational culture as a key component to its success or failure. It has a direct impact on the innovation strategy of organizations and therefore should be treated as a determinant of the organisation's future. Presently companies should naturally strive to make efforts aiming at the creation of such organizational cultures which would affirm knowledge – cultures characteristic for organisations based on knowledge, that foster engagement of employees, building trust and sharing knowledge. They are most often convergent and mutually complementary and described as: lean culture, learning organization culture, information culture, group-development culture. One type of the organizational cultures indicated as optimal for operating in knowledge-based economy is the quality culture. Concentration on quality is currently a sine qua non-condition for the survival and development of modern organization and at the same time, one of the main tasks of managers. Because of the fact that that instruments are in place but still there is a lack of quality culture in the practical aspects and also common point of view that there is a gap to be filled in the development of appropriate culture for quality, the study provides an initial comparative verification of which stage of evolution towards quality culture is represented by companies from different sectors in Poland. The paper has theoretical-empirical ladder. Its aims are to review existing literature dedicated to organisational quality culture essence, elements, determinants and dimensions. Investigation of the topic in the paper is carried out in the following logical sequence: TQM implementation → Organizational culture → Quality culture → Organizational Quality Culture. The purpose of this paper is to describe components of organisational quality cultures in polish enterprises from different sectors. The methodological tool of the research methods was survey questionnaire, included 20 closed-ended questions – most of them multiple choice. It was decided to research, in the context of quality culture, all enterprises: those operating in production, in services and also mixed enterprises. Based on exploration of empirical data, the condition of quality culture in companies operating in Poland is diagnosed. Paper proves that verified organisations are on their way in the direction to the phase of permanent organisational quality culture creation. The results of the research can be useful for developing the complex model of organizational quality culture constitution. They can also provide managers with valuable suggestions on building stable organizational quality culture.
COMPANY IMAGE IN SOCIAL NETWORK AS PREDICTOR OF INTENTION TO APPLY
FOR A JOB POSITION
Authors: Vilkaite-Vaitone Neringa , Lukaite Ugne
Published: November 2019

This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue of employer attractiveness on social networks, organizational image impact upon intentions to apply for a job position in banking industry. The main purpose of the research is to theoretically and empirically evaluate the impact of attractive workplace communications on social networks and image of a bank as an employer upon intentions to apply for a job position. Systematization of literary sources and approaches for solving the research problem indicates that there exist sufficient scientific background to expect a positive impact of workplace attractiveness on the image of employer. Usage of social media is also supposed to have a positive impact on the image, while the image might be a predictor of intentions to apply for a job. The relevance of the decision of this scientific problem is that social media has a huge potential to strengthen employer’s image, however, it also might destroy a carefully formed employer’s image. Such a potential stresses the role of banks’ communications on social network for building efficient employer image. A questionnaire research of students is carried out in Lithuania. The paper presents the results of an empirical analysis, which showed that job seekers in a labour market behave similarly to consumers in a marketplace. Banks should put efforts in order to present themselves as attractive working places on social networks in order to form a favourable employer’s image and encourage job seekers to apply for positions. Results of this study indicate that usage of social networks for the formation of image of employer can be a helpful tool. This is important because there are clear links between workplace attractiveness, usage of social networks and image of an employer. The latter construct is positively related to intentions to apply for a job. The results of the research can be useful for commercial banks. This study provides banks with useful insights of the factors that determine their image in labour market. Such insights give banks a perceptible information of how to become more attractive in labour market with the help of communications on social networks.
Competence Development of Young Entrepreneurs Through Educational Innovations
Authors: Titko Jelena , Bierne Jekaterina
Published: November 2019

The questions regarding interactive methods of teaching, self-studying, active learning, as well as an implementation of a competency-based approach into study process, have been actively discussed by educational experts, authorities, scholars and teaching practitioners during the last decade. Probably, the main issue is to encourage students to participate in classroom activities and to promote successful learner-tutor cooperation. The research was aimed to evaluate the progress in entrepreneurial competencies perceived by students, participating in a specific 2-days long entrepreneurship workshop. The workshop content and schedule was designed within the framework of the international project «Strategic Partnership for Innovation and Development of Entrepreneurship». The format of the organized workshops was created during the project by the partner organizations. It is a unique teaching instrument, encouraging entrepreneurial skills and innovative spirit among students. After the workshop, the participants (students and mentors) were surveyed, using the specially designed questionnaire. One of the question blocks involved the list of competencies, which were offered for evaluation according to the criterion «progress», using 5-point scale (1 – the level stayed the same; 5 – the level really increased). The results were processed, using the methods of frequency analysis and ranking. Thus, the main goal of the paper is to reflect the results of the conducted survey in order to test the quality and success of the specific teaching method. The results indicated the substantial perceived increase in such competences, as Collaborative working, Decision making & Problem-solving, Managing Performance, Commitment to Excellence, Speaking and Listening Skills, Presentation Skills, as well as Self-motivation. The obvious conclusion is that such kind of interactive teaching methods is the most valuable in management teaching. However, additional peer consulting and evaluation block could be useful at the stage of the initial presentation of the business idea. The results of the research (and the idea of such workshop) can be useful for any academic staff member engaged into the study process and working with students of programmes «Entrepreneurship», «Management», «Business economics» and related ones Keywords: innovations in education, competences, entrepreneurship workshop, Latvia, students, survey.
The impact of the organizational cultures on the job performance in the GCC companies
Authors: Al Taweel Ibrahim Rached
Published: November 2019

This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue the link between organizational cultures on the job performance in the Gulf Council countries companies. The main goal of the paper is to examine empirically the determinants of organizational cultures (structure, strategy, leadership, and high-performance work), and their impacts on job performance. The relevance of the decision of this scientific problem is that organizational cultures are a relevant problem for the companies in the Gulf Council countries. The Investigation of the topic of organizational cultures and the job performance in the paper is carried out in the following logical sequence: The methodological tool of this contribution tries to measure the effect of organizational cultures, structure, strategy, leadership, and high-performance work on job performance. The main purpose of the research is focused on the empirical approach justified by the use of the structural equations. The paper presents the results of an empirical analysis which showed that the effect of organizational cultures, structure, strategy, leadership, and high-performance work exerts positive relationships on job performance. The results found suggest that structure and strategy as indicators of organizational cultures, job performance with a high-performance work practice. The results showed a positive impact between the variables and implied that organizational cultures in the Gulf Council countries companies have a positive and significant relationship with job performance. The results confirm the existence of positive relationship as significant between structure, strategy and job performance in the Gulf Council countries companies. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that organizational cultures are significant relationships with job performance. The results of the research can be useful for the Gulf Council countries companies to promote the organizational cultures for good job performance. Keywords: organizational cultures, strategy, leadership, high-performance work, job performance.
Performance comparison between PI digital and fuzzy controllers in a level control system
Authors: Vasconcelos Felipe José de Sousa , Medeiros Cláudio Marques de Sá
Published: November 2019

Liquid level systems are important in many industrial and academic applications, so measurement and control systems need to be as accurate as possible for this process. However, a level system has a nonlinear dynamic which increases the difficulty of modelling and design controller by classical methods. In order to address these issues, this paper discusses the modeling of a nonlinear level plant and the implementation of strategies for PI control and fuzzy control. The control algorithms are embedded in an 8 bits microcontroller, which provides the plant sample data via serial communication. Response specifications are stipulated so that the performance of the controllers is evaluated and compared. The results show a better performance for the fuzzy controller which could avoid larges overshoots with low computation costs and none anti-windup strategies.
Clinical case of a rare neurodegenerative disease with iron accumulation in the brain, type 4, in a 15-year-old child
Authors: Fedoseeva I. F. , Poponnikova T. V. , Galieva G. Yu. , Moschnegootz S. V.
Published: November 2019

The authors presented f clinical and genetic description and analysis of a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease with an accumulation of iron in the brain, type 4. The disease began in adolescence and has a slowly progressive course. The diagnosis was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging and molecular genetic analysis. The author found two compound heterozygous mutations in the C19оrf12 gene: in exon 3 (chr 19: 30193873C>T, rs515726205), leading to a substitution of the amino acid in the 69th position of the protein (p.Gly69Arg, NM_001031726.3), and the mutation in the 3rd exon (chr19: 30193806A>T) not described earlier, resulting in the replacement of the amino acid in 91 positions of the protein (p.Lеu91Gln, NM_001031726.3).
Primary ciliary dyskinesia: modern approaches to the diagnostics and treatment
Authors: Bogorad A. E. , Diakova S. E. , Mizernitsky Yu. L.
Published: November 2019

Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia is an orphane disease from the group of ciliopathies based on genetically determined defect in the structure of the motor cilia of the epithelium of the respiratory system and similar structures. Pathology belongs to the group of autosomal recessive phenotypes with pronounced genetic heterogeneity. It is clinically characterized by a progressive inflammatory lesion of all parts of the respiratory tract in children, a decrease in fertile function in older patients; defects of lateralization and malformations of organs are often observed. Despite a vivid clinical picture, the disease is not always timely diagnosed, which leads to a rapid decrease in pulmonary function, often to unnecessary surgical interventions. The purpose of this article is to familiarize a wide range of pediatricians and pulmonologists with modern methods of diagnostics and therapy of primary ciliary dyskinesia.
New methods of prevention and treatment of acute respiratory viral infections in children. Local protection factors of the respiratory mucosa
Authors: Geppe N. A. , Oserskaya I. V. , Kolosova N. G.
Published: November 2019

Acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) are the most common diseases among children. The typical and most disturbing symptoms of ARVI are nasal discharge, nasal congestion and difficulty in nasal breathing. Local protective factors of the respiratory mucosa (epithelial barrier, mucociliary clearance, antimicrobial peptides, immunoglobulin A, microbiota) prevent the penetration of respiratory infections. To prevent ARVI in children it is important to maintain the physiological state of the mucous membrane. ARVI treatment in children is based on care and supportive activities. By irrigating nasal cavity with saline one removes mucus, mechanical impurities, stimulates mucociliary clearance, reduces swelling of the mucous membrane and need for decongestants. The new nasal spray Aqualor Protect contains 45% of sea water with a slightly hypertonic concentration of salts (1.5%) and Ascophillum nodosum brown algae extract. The main polysaccharides of brown algae - fucoidan and ascofillan - have a wide range of biological actions, including anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties. The extract of brown algae added to saline helps to increase the effectiveness of irrigation therapy in the treatment and prevention of acute respiratory viral infections in children.
Glucose Transporter 1 deficiency and associated conditions in children
Authors: Gamirova R. G. , Afawi Z. , Gamirova R. R. , Gorobets E. A. , Prusakov V. F. , Volgina S. Ya.
Published: November 2019

The article reviews literature devoted to the glucose transporter type I deficiency syndrome (synonyms: GLUT1 deficiency syndrome, de Vivo disease), that is a genetically determined disease caused by pathogenic variants of the SLC2A1 gene. The insufficiency of this protein leads to the disruption of glucose delivery to the brain through the blood-brain barrier. Clinically, the syndrome is manifested by epileptic seizures (mainly as absences or myoclonic seizures), various motor disorders and psychomotor retardation starting from the early age.

Early diagnosis (including molecular genetic analysis of the SLC2A1 gene) enables us to start treatment and prevent progression of the symptoms, and to provide the family with genetic consultation on the prognosis and risks for the next generations. Ketogenic diet is an effective treatment option for this pathological condition, it can lead to a regression of the clinical manifestations, especially on the early stage.
The hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children with Hurler syndrome
Authors: Volgina S. Ya. , Sadykova D. I. , Nikolaeva E. A. , Palamarchuk E. I.
Published: November 2019

The article describes the transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in children with severe form of mucopolysaccharidosis type I – Hurler syndrome. This method is recommended for the patients under 2.5 years with a high rate of psychomotor development. According to clinical guidelines, HSC is performed according to traditional high-dose, chemotherapy-based conditioning regimens which provide intense immunosuppression to prevent graft rejection. Currently, it is recommended to use a reduced-intensity conditioning mode. An international multicenter study assessed the long-term outcome in patients with Hurler syndrome and confirmed improvements in life quality and expectancy.
Meningitis in children of early age. Criteria for early diagnostics
Authors: Khaliullina S. V. , Anokhin V. A. , Khayertynov Kn. S. , Sagieva V. E. , Kamasheva G. R. , Alatyrev E. Yu.
Published: November 2019

Meningitis is characterized by the prevalence of severe forms and it is often accompanied by life-threatening syndromes.

Purpose. To determine the most informative clinical manifestations of meningitis in children in their first years of life to optimize early diagnosis and treatment.

Materials and methods. The authors carried out a retrospective analytical study involving 47 cases of children hospitalized to the Republican Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases in 2014–2016. Their diagnose was based on the acute onset of the disease, characteristic clinical symptoms and the results of lumbar puncture. The laboratory diagnostics included a standard set of examinations.

Results. Meningitis was diagnosed in 34 patients (72.3%), meningoencephalitis – in 13 patients (27.7%). 30 cases (63.8%) of meningitis / meningoencephalitis had a bacterial nature, and 9 cases (19.1%; p<0.01) had a viral nature. The most common bacterial pathogens of meningitis was Pneumococcus (10 cases), hemophilus bacillus (8). Str. agalactiae (6) and meningococcus (6). 38 (80.9%) patients had high febrile fever, 1005 of patients had weakness, drowsiness, changes in consciousness of varying severity, 29 patients (61.7%) had vomiting, 16 patients ( 34%) – headache, “brain” cry, 7 patients (15%) – hyperesthesia, a symptom of “mother’s hands”, 4 patients (8.5%) – forced posture, 34 patients (72.3%) had meningeal signs.

Conclusion. The most significant symptoms of early diagnosis of meningitis in children are high febrile fever combined with drowsiness and retardation, vomiting without diarrhea.
Momentary radical removal of lymphangioma in children. The results of prospective cohort study in parallel groups
Authors: Nurmeev I. N. , Zykova M. A. , Mirolubov L. M.
Published: November 2019

Lymphangioma is a benign neoplasm caused by a congenital malformation of the lymphatic vessels.

Purpose. To study the possibility of momentary radical removal of lymphangioma in children based on a prospective cohort study in parallel groups.

Characteristics of children and research methods. The article presents the results of treatment of 152 patients with lymphangioma, reported from the Department of Vascular Surgery of the Children’s Republican Clinical Hospital of Tatarstan. All patients were divided into 3 groups according to the applied method of treatment. The patients in Group 1 (n=95) underwent radical removal of lymphangioma, patients in Group 2 and Group 3 underwent partial removal followed by sclerotherapy of the residual cavity of the lymphangioma.

Results. The authors observed relapse in 17 (11.2%) cases, 11 of these cases were observed after previous operation of complete excision (Group 1). According to the study of the distribution of relapses, there was no difference between the groups.

Conclusion. Momentary radical excision of lymphangioma is implementable in 63.3% of cases. If it is impossible to remove lymphangioma completely they use partial excision and sclerotherapy of the residual cavity. The probability of relapse does not increase in case of impossibility to remove lymphangioma completely. Minimal invasive procedure is a priority of modern surgery, as it reduces surgical trauma, facilitates postoperative period and improves cosmetic result.
Characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis in children in the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors: Makarova T. P. , Sukalo A. V. , Kazyro I. A. , Melnikova Yu. S. , Firsova N. N. , Poladova L. V. , Tyuleneva M. O.
Published: November 2019

Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease characterized by a pronounced polymorphism of clinical manifestations. Lupus nephritis is the most severe manifestation of the disease. The article presents a retrospective analysis of the cases of systemic lupus erythematosus and assessment of the clinical manifestations of the disease and variants of lupus nephritis in children in the Republics of Belarus and Tatarstan. The authors analyzed 60 cases of systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephritis. All patients had at least 4 of the 11 diagnostic criteria proposed by the American College of rheumatology (ACR, 1997), and 35 patients had a morphologically verified nephritis. It was found that the disease in children developed very actively with fast multi-organ involvement and it required aggressive therapy with several immunosuppressive drugs. During follow-up, the percentage of patients with renal damage increased, so renal function should be controlled in all patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, especially with early onset. Lupus nephritis is combined with extrarenal manifestations and it is difficult to diagnose when it begins with kidney damage. The overall survival rate of children with systemic lupus erythematosus is closely related to the severity of renal manifestations. Lupus nephritis is a serious problem that requires early aggressive intervention and continuous maintenance therapy.
Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis in children
Authors: Makarova T. P. , Kazan N. V. , Soldatova E. E. , Akhmadullina L. I.
Published: November 2019

Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis in children is a rare but the most aggressive form of glomerulonephritis. This disease is clinically characterized by acute nephritic syndrome with rapidly progressive renal failure, morphologically it is characterized by the presence of extracapillary cellular or fibro-cellular crescent in more than 50% of glomeruli. Currently the literature describes only a few cases of clinical course of glomerulonephritis in children. The article presents the researchers’ observation of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis type I (anti-BMC+) in a 12-year-old girl. Despite immunosuppressive therapy combined with plasmapheresis, the authors observed the progress of the disease resulting in chronic kidney disease stage V. The child received renal replacement therapy with peritoneal dialysis. The course was complicated by the development of severe hyperparathyroidism.
Neurological complications of acute otitis media in children
Authors: Andreeva I. G. , Mamleev R. N. , Evdokimova A. D. , Galiullina A. F.
Published: November 2019

The complications of acute otitis media remain an unsolved problem in pediatrics, as they often lead to disability of children. The damage to the nervous system is the most dramatic complications of acute purulent otitis media. Neurological complications include both intracranial lesions of the central nervous system (meningitis, encephalitis, brain abscesses) and neuropathy of the cranial nerves. We presented clinical cases of various neurological complications of otitis media, analyzed diagnostic and therapeutic errors and showed the ways to solve this difficult problem.
Relationship of the cranial ultrasound results – neurosonography – with the outcomes of psychomotor development of very premature infants
Authors: Sakharova E. S. , Keshishyan E. S. , Аlyamovskaya G. A.
Published: November 2019

This article analyzes the neurosonography results and compares with neurological symptoms in premature infants with very low and extremely low birth weight. The authors retrospectively assessed the cranial ultrasound results from neonatal intensive care units and outpatient hospitals. Group 1: monthly cranial ultrasound despite of clinical symptoms and psychomotor development; Group 2: only according to indications - in case of deterioration of neurological status or a decrease in the psychomotor skills development. The neurological outcome was compared with intracranial lesions identified in the neonatal period (intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia etc.). It was found that continuous ultrasound monitoring was not required in the absence of clinical and laboratory signs of neurological distress, since the results of the study, including deviation from the norm, did not affect the treatment tactics. Only presence of clinical symptoms required treatment.
Hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 in children
Authors: Volynets G. V. , Nikitin A. V. , Skvortsova T. A.
Published: November 2019

Hereditary metabolic disorders include a group of diseases (more than 400) when a defect of a particular gene changes the metabolic process leading either to the accumulation of unwanted metabolites, or to a deficiency of a substance. This group also includes hereditary tyrosinemia type 1, a severe defect of tyrosine metabolism caused by deficiency of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) – the last enzyme of tyrosine catabolic pathway. Tyrosinemia type 1 is an autosomal recessive disorder. This paper presents a review of literature on the current state of diagnosticis and approaches to treatment of tyrosinemia using nitisinone and a low-protein diet, as well as the analysis of clinical manifestations and laboratory diagnostics of hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 in 17 children.
Transitional states in child neurology (neurocontinuum)
Authors: Kobrinskii B. A.
Published: November 2019

The article is devoted to the issue of transitional states in child psychoneurology, based on the general concept of a continuum of transitional states from normal variants to severe chronic diseases. The article discusses borderline psychoneurology disorders associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and various genetic defects. A significant passage is devoted to convulsive states and epilepsy. The autism spectrum analyzed both as a aggregate of nosologies and in combination with epilepsy. The author proposes the concept of quasicontinuum of cognitive development in the spectrum of child autism. There are presented the transitions of various forms of hysteria. Also the authors provide the data on the similar etiology of impaired coordination and cerebral palsy, which can be considered as a single continual process. As possible methods of dividing the continuum into separate forms there are works on the so-called signal features and a dynamics model for estimating time limits of transition states, also the operators to determine the value of factors characterizing transition states, are presented.
Pathogenetic substantiation of phlebotropic therapy for chronic venous diseases
Authors: Bogachev V. Yu. , Mansilla A. , Boldin B. V. , Rodionov S. V. , Dzhenina O. V.
Published: November 2019

Chronic venous disease (CVD) is the most common vascular pathology that has a significant negative effect on physical and psychological health outcomes, and requires high level of public spending on healthcare. Number of CVD risk factors has been identified in recent decades, but only recently have the experts begun to discuss the role of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Modern knowledge enables us to identify several priority strategies and goals aimed at managing the basic pathophysiological mechanisms of the development and progression of CVD. In particular, the use of venoactive drugs, which role in enhancing vascular tone and contractility, reducing inflammation and edema and improving microcirculation and accelerating the healing of venous leg ulcers has been carefully studied and presented with positive outcomes in various publications. This review provides various pathophysiological mechanisms of the development of CVD, which present the targets for venoactive drug therapies.
Treatment of unaesthetic facial reticular veins with long-pulsed neodymium laser
Authors: Parikov M. A. , Bagdasaryan A. G.
Published: November 2019

The article presents various techniques to treat unaesthetic facial veins, such as periorbital, temporal, reticular veins, which pass from the neck through the angle of the lower jaw up to the temporal region, etc. Particular attention is paid to the use of the transdermal long-pulsed neodymium laser; clinical examples with photographs of areas of interest that were taken before and after treatment within 1-6 months are presented. The authors describe in detail the basic principles on the use of transdermal lasers in aesthetic medicine. It is concluded that the treatment of unwanted reticular veins with the long-pulsed neodymium laser has a number of advantages compared to other treatment methods.
Combined antibacterial drug in ambulatory surgical practice with a position of clinical efficiency and drug safety
Authors: Degovtsov E. N. , Trukhan D. I. , Sulimov A. F.
Published: November 2019

The diverse amount of therapeutic and diagnostic manipulations and the expansion of the volume of medical care provided by the surgeon at the stage of providing primary health care to patients suggests the availability of effective, safe and affordable antibacterial drugs in the arsenal of drugs used. The review considers the possibility of using the combined antibacterial drug ciprofloxacin + tinidazole in outpatient surgical practice from the standpoint of clinical efficacy and drug safety.
Exploration on hydrological model calibration by considering the hydro-meteorological variability
Authors: Zhao Binru , Mao Jingqiao , Dai Qiang , Han Dawei , Dai Huichao , Rong Guiwen
Published: November 2019

The hydrological response is changeable for catchments with hydro-meteorological variations, which is neglected by the traditional calibration approach through using time-invariant parameters. This study aims to reproduce the variation of hydrological responses by allowing parameters to vary over clusters with hydro-meteorological similarities. The Fuzzy C-means algorithm is used to partition one-month periods into temperature-based and rainfall-based clusters. One-month periods are also classified based on seasons and random numbers for comparison. This study is carried out in three catchments in the UK, using the IHACRES rainfall-runoff model. Results show when using time-varying parameters to account for the variation of hydrological processes, it is important to identify the key factors that cause the change of hydrological responses, and the selection of the time-varying parameters should correspond to the identified key factors. In the study sites, temperature plays a more important role in controlling the change of hydrological responses than rainfall. It is found that the number of clusters has an effect on model performance, model performances for calibration period become better with the increase of cluster number; however, the increase of model complexity leads to poor predictive capabilities due to overfitting. It is important to select the appropriate number of clusters to achieve a balance between model complexity and model performance.
Pharmacological and Cellular Significance of Triazole-Surrogated Compounds
Authors: Verma Naimish Kumar , Mondal Dhananjoy , Bera Smritilekha
Published: November 2019

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Heterocyclic compounds have been at the hierarchy position in academia, and
industrial arena, particularly the compounds containing triazole-core are found to be potent
with a broad range of biological activities. The resistance of triazole ring towards
chemical (acid and base) hydrolysis, oxidative and reductive reaction conditions, metabolic
degradation and its higher aromatic stabilization energy makes it a better heterocyclic
core as therapeutic agents. These triazole-linked compounds are used for clinical purposes
for antifungal, anti-mycobacterium, anticancer, anti-migraine and antidepressant
drugs. Triazole scaffolds are also found to act as a spacer for the sake of covalent attachment
of the high molecular weight bio-macromolecules with an experimental building
blocks to explore structure-function relationships. Herein, several methods and strategies
for the synthesis of compounds with 1,2,3-triazole moiety exploring Hüisgen, Meldal and Sharpless 1,3-dipolar
cycloaddition reaction between azide and alkyne derivatives have been deliberated for a series of representative
compounds. Moreover, this review article highlights in-depth applications of the [3+2]-cycloaddition reaction
for the advances of triazole-containing antibacterial as well as metabolic labelling agents for the in vitro and in
vivo studies on cellular level.
Recent Advances in the Hofmann Rearrangement and Its Application to Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Debnath Pradip
Published: November 2019

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C-N bond formation reactions are the most important transformations in
(bio)organic chemistry because of the widespread occurrence of amines in pharmaceuticals,
natural products, and biologically active compounds. The Hofmann rearrangement is
a well-known method used for the preparation of primary amines from amides. But, the
traditional version of the Hofmann rearrangement often gave relatively poor yields due to
over-oxidation or due to the poor solubility of some amides in aqueous base, and created
an enormous amount of waste products. Developments over the last two decades, in particular,
have focused on refining both of these factors affecting the reaction. This review
covers both the description of recent advances (2000-2019) in the Hofmann
rearrangements and its applications in the synthesis of heterocycles, natural products and
complex molecules of biological interest. It is revealed that organo-catalytic systems especially hypervalent
iodine-based catalysts have been developed for the green and environmentally friendly conversion of
carboxamides to primary amines and carbamates.
The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Tumor Treatment and its Impact on Bone Marrow Hematopoiesis
Authors: Chen Yongfeng , Luo Xingjing , Zou Zhenyou , Liang Yong
Published: November 2019

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), an important molecule inducing oxidative stress in organisms,
play a key role in tumorigenesis, tumor progression and recurrence. Recent findings on ROS
have shown that ROS can be used to treat cancer as they accelerate the death of tumor cells. At present,
pro-oxidant drugs that are intended to increase ROS levels of the tumor cells have been widely
used in the clinic. However, ROS are a double-edged sword in the treatment of tumors. High levels of
ROS induce not only the death of tumor cells but also oxidative damage to normal cells, especially
bone marrow hemopoietic cells, which leads to bone marrow suppression and (or) other side effects,
weak efficacy of tumor treatment and even threatening patients’ life. How to enhance the killing effect
of ROS on tumor cells while avoiding oxidative damage to the normal cells has become an urgent issue.
This study is a review of the latest progress in the role of ROS-mediated programmed death in
tumor treatment and prevention and treatment of oxidative damage in bone marrow induced by ROS.
The Neurovascular Unit: Focus on the Regulation of Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Quelhas Patrícia , Baltazar Graça , Cairrao Elisa
Published: November 2019

The neurovascular unit is a physiological unit present in the brain, which is constituted
by elements of the nervous system (neurons and astrocytes) and the vascular system (endothelial
and mural cells). This unit is responsible for the homeostasis and regulation of cerebral blood flow.
There are two major types of mural cells in the brain, pericytes and smooth muscle cells. At the arterial
level, smooth muscle cells are the main components that wrap around the outside of cerebral
blood vessels and the major contributors to basal tone maintenance, blood pressure and blood flow
distribution. They present several mechanisms by which they regulate both vasodilation and vasoconstriction
of cerebral blood vessels and their regulation becomes even more important in situations
of injury or pathology. In this review, we discuss the main regulatory mechanisms of brain
smooth muscle cells and their contributions to the correct brain homeostasis.
Novel Mechanistic Insights into the Anti-cancer Mode of Arsenic Trioxide
Authors: Wahiduzzaman Md , Ota Akinobu , Hosokawa Yoshitaka
Published: November 2019

Arsenic, a naturally-occurring toxic element, and a traditionally-used drug, has received a great deal of attention worldwide due to its curative anti-cancer properties in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Among the arsenicals, arsenic trioxide has been most widely used as an anti-cancer drug. Recent advances in cancer therapeutics have led to a paradigm shift away from traditional cytotoxic drugs towards the targeting of proteins closely associated with driving the cancer phenotype. Due to the diverse anti-cancer effects of ATO on different types of malignancies, numerous studies have made efforts to uncover the mechanisms of ATO-induced tumor suppression. From in vitro cellular models to studies in clinical settings, ATO has been extensively studied. The outcomes of these studies have opened doors to establishing improved molecular-targeted therapies for cancer treatment. The efficacy of ATO has been augmented by combination with other drugs. In this review, we discuss recent arsenic-based cancer therapies and summarize the novel underlying molecular mechanisms of the anti-cancer effects of ATO.