bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
No fire without smoke: Are the children really out of the woods?
Authors: Bush Andrew , Sonnappa Samatha
Published: July 2019

See related Article
Does public‐sector employment fully crowd out private‐sector employment?
Authors: Behar Alberto , Mok Junghwan
Published: July 2019

Employment matters for development because it can raise household income, lower inequality, promote economic growth, and contribute to political stability. Many countries have high rates of public employment, but what effect does this have on overall employment and unemployment rates? This paper investigates if and to what extent public‐sector employment crowds out (reduces) private‐sector employment. In particular, we estimate regressions of unemployment or private‐sector employment on two measures of public‐sector employment. The study uses an especially assembled dataset, which is novel for its coverage of a large sample of developing countries as part of a panel of rich and poor countries. Our results point to full or just about full crowding‐out for the entire sample. Unlike previous cross‐country studies, which were restricted to advanced economies, we are able to show that these results also apply to developing countries, although crowding‐out may not be quite as high as in advanced economies. The results mean that high rates of public employment have an offsetting large negative impact on private employment rates and do not reduce overall unemployment rates. With the qualifier that government activities may help the economy in other ways, our results imply that, rather than creating public‐sector jobs, scarce fiscal resources could be better spent on other developmental needs.
Non-pharmacological interventions for pain management in adult victims of trauma: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Mota Mauro , Cunha Madalena , Santos Margarida Reis , Silva Dulce , Santos Eduardo
Published: July 2019

Objective:

This scoping review aims to map non-pharmacological interventions for reducing acute pain for adult victims of trauma.

Introduction:

Acute pain, as a consequence of either a pathological or traumatic event or even due to invasive and non-invasive healthcare procedures, is highly prevalent in critically ill patients. However, specific acute pain as a direct consequence of trauma is one of the least studied areas of acute pain.

Inclusion criteria:

This scoping review will consider studies on adult victims of trauma, aged 18 years or over, in prehospital emergency care, emergency departments and trauma centers. All studies that focus on non-pharmacological interventions designed to reduce acute pain, implemented and evaluated by health professionals in any form, duration, frequency and intensity, will be considered.

Methods:

An initial search of PubMed and CINAHL will be undertaken, followed by a second search for published and unpublished studies from 2000 to the present in major healthcare related electronic databases. Studies in English, French, Spanish and Portuguese will be included. Data extraction will be performed independently by two reviewers in tabular form and include details about the interventions, populations, study methods and outcomes of interest. A narrative synthesis will accompany the results and will describe how they relate to the review objectives.
Housing temperature affects the acute and chronic metabolic adaptations to exercise in mice
Authors: McKie Greg L. , Medak Kyle D. , Knuth Carly M. , Shamshoum Hesham , Townsend Logan K. , Peppler Willem T. , Wright David C.
Published: July 2019

Key points

Mice are commonly housed at room temperatures below their thermoneutral zone meaning they are exposed to chronic thermal stress.

Endurance exercise induces browning and mitochondrial biogenesis in white adipose tissue of rodents, but there are conflicting reports of this phenomenon in humans.

We hypothesized that the ambient room temperature at which mice are housed could partially explain these discrepant reports between humans and rodents.

We housed mice at room temperature or thermoneutrality and studied their physiological responses to acute and chronic exercise. We found that thermoneutral housing altered running behaviour and glucose homeostasis, and further, that exercise‐induced markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and the browning of white adipose tissue were reduced in mice housed at thermoneutrality.

Mice are often housed at temperatures below their thermoneutral zone resulting in compensatory increases in thermogenesis. Despite this, many studies report housing mice at room temperature (RT), likely for the convenience of the researchers studying them. As such, the conflicting reports between humans and rodents regarding the ability of exercise to increase mitochondrial and thermogenic markers in white adipose tissue may be explained by the often‐overlooked variable, housing temperature. To test this hypothesis, we housed male C57BL/6 mice at RT (22°C) or thermoneutrality (TN) (29°C) with or without access to a voluntary running wheel for 6 weeks or subjected them to an acute exhaustive bout of treadmill running. We examined the gene expression and protein content of select mitochondrial and thermogenic markers in skeletal muscle, epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). We also assessed adipocyte morphology and indices of glucose homeostasis. Housing temperature influenced glucose tolerance and insulin action in vivo, yet the beneficial effects of exercise, both acute and chronic, remained intact in eWAT, BAT and skeletal muscle irrespective of housing temperature. Housing mice at TN led to an attenuation of some of the effects of exercise on iWAT. Collectively, we present data characterizing the acute and chronic metabolic adaptations to exercise at different housing temperatures and demonstrate, for the first time, that temperature influences the ability of exercise to increase markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and the browning of white adipose tissue.
Fotografía y sociología en la era del zoon elektronikón
Authors: Huici Urmeneta Vicente , Davila Legerén Andrés
Published: July 2019

Este artículo de reflexión articula una propuesta teórica –la caracterización del zoon elektronikón– y el apunte de una investigación empírica en curso –acerca del archivo fotográfico personal–. Para ello, y tras una breve contextualización de la fotografía en la investigación social, se caracteriza un nuevo tipo de individuación que se corresponde con lo que hemos denominado zoon elektronikón en tanto ser humano cuya vida está balizada por su relación con el mundo electrónico y, sobre todo, por las redes sociales. Planteando los cambios generados por la configuración de la fotografía analógica y su paso a la digital, se ponen de relieve algunas dificultades derivadas de su actual coexistencia. Al respecto, se procede a un breve apunte del estudio fotosociológico reseñado, en el que se aborda el archivo fotográfico personal en su figura del álbum, tanto analógico como digital, en redes sociales.
Mujer, madre y cuidadora: una visión de la identidad a través de la autofotografía
Authors: Rodríguez Herrero Virginia
Published: July 2019

En 2014, un grupo de mujeres, madres y cuidadoras principales de sus hijas-os diagnosticadas-os con alguna Enfermedad Rara (ER),3 participan en un proyecto socio-antropológico con el objeto de conocer cómo construyen su identidad en las circunstancias particulares de estas patologías y ampliar conocimientos acerca de sus problemáticas. Metodológicamente, se utiliza la autofotografía para que, a través de diez imágenes, cada informante responda a la pregunta: ¿Qué significa para ti ser cuidadora de una persona con una ER? El resultado permite reflexionar sobre la construcción sociocultural de la identidad a través del poder de unas fotografías cargadas de significado que son y crean realidad. El concepto del cuidado se inserta en un ritual de paso vivo, manifiesto en una particular construcción del tiempo y del espacio por el que transita dicha identidad.
Self y selfie en la época de su reproductibilidad técnica
Authors: Steingress-Carballar Nahid
Published: July 2019

Este estudio propone una comprensión de la selfie como dispositivo de autorrepresentación, que altera la interacción simbólica entre el yo y la sociedad.Se evaluará la relevancia de las obras de Goffman y de Benjamin para el análisis del fenómeno de la selfie. Ambos autores mostraron especial interés por la figura del actor como agente con identidad en flujo. Además, el estudio de la selfie desde la perspectiva benjaminiana y desde el interaccionismo simbólico permite comprender la complejidad de la fragmentación del self ante el “sistema de aparatos”. La selfie augura un nuevo tipo de interacción simbólica caracterizada por la pérdida de la unicidad identitariocorporal, la asincronía y la fragmentación del self.
Universal quantized thermal conductance in graphene
Authors: Srivastav Saurabh Kumar , Sahu Manas Ranjan , Watanabe K. , Taniguchi T. , Banerjee Sumilan , Das Anindya
Published: July 2019

We have demonstrated the universal topological order in graphene quantum Hall by measuring quantum limit of thermal conductance.
The anatomy and immunology of vasculature in the central nervous system
Authors: Mastorakos Panagiotis , McGavern Dorian
Published: July 2019

This review discusses the immunology of central nervous system vasculature from a neuroanatomical perspective.
Evidence for Internal Initiation of RNA Synthesis by the Hepatitis C Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase NS5B
In Cellulo
Authors: Schult Philipp , Nattermann Maren , Lauber Chris , Seitz Stefan , Lohmann Volker
Published: July 2019

Many aspects of viral RNA replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) are still poorly understood. The process of RNA synthesis is driven by the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) NS5B. Most mechanistic studies on NS5B so far were performed with
in vitro
systems using isolated recombinant polymerase. In this study, we present a replicon model, which allows the intracellular assessment of noncanonical modes of initiation by the full HCV replicase. Our results add to the understanding of the biochemical processes underlying initiation of RNA synthesis by NS5B by the discovery of internal initiation
in cellulo
. Moreover, they validate observations made
in vitro
, showing that the viral polymerase acts very similarly in isolation and in complex with other viral and host proteins. Finally, these observations provide clues about the evolution of RdRps of positive-strand RNA viruses, which might contain the intrinsic ability to initiate internally.
Functional Correlation between Subcellular Localizations of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Capsid Protein and Virus Production
Authors: Ishida Kotaro , Goto Simon , Ishimura Marina , Amanuma Misato , Hara Yumiko , Suzuki Ryosuke , Katoh Kaoru , Morita Eiji
Published: July 2019

This study is the first to report the comprehensive mutagenesis of a flavivirus capsid protein. We assessed the requirement of each molecular surface for infectious viral particle formation as well as for LD and nucleolar localization and found functional relationships between the subcellular localization of the virus capsid protein and infectious virus particle formation. We developed a system to independently assess the packaging of viral RNA and that of the capsid protein and found a molecular surface of the capsid protein that is crucial for packaging of viral RNA but not for packaging of the capsid protein itself. We also characterized the biochemical properties of capsid protein mutants and found that the capsid protein localizes at the nucleolus in a different manner than for its localization to the LD. Our comprehensive alanine-scanning mutagenesis study will aid in the development of antiflavivirus small molecules that can target the flavivirus capsid protein.
ESX/Type VII Secretion Systems—An Important Way Out for Mycobacterial Proteins
Authors: Vaziri Farzam , Brosch Roland
Published: July 2019

The causative agent of human tuberculosis,
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
, has a complex lipid-rich diderm envelope, which acts as a major barrier protecting the bacterium against the hostile environment inside the host cells. For the transfer of diverse molecules across this complex cell envelope,
M. tuberculosis
has a series of general and specialized protein secretion systems, characterized by the SecA general secretion pathway, the twin-arginine translocation pathway, and five specific ESX type VII secretion systems. In this review, we focus on the latter systems, known as ESX-1 to ESX-5, which were first discovered almost 20 years ago during the
in silico
analysis of the genome sequence of
M. tuberculosis
H37Rv. Since then, these systems have been the subject of highly dynamic research due to their involvement in several key biological processes and host-pathogen interactions of the tubercle bacilli.
Structure and Activity of the Type VI Secretion System
Authors: Cherrak Yassine , Flaugnatti Nicolas , Durand Eric , Journet Laure , Cascales Eric
Published: July 2019

The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a multiprotein machine that uses a spring-like mechanism to inject effectors into target cells. The injection apparatus is composed of a baseplate on which is built a contractile tail tube/sheath complex. The inner tube, topped by the spike complex, is propelled outside of the cell by the contraction of the sheath. The injection system is anchored to the cell envelope and oriented towards the cell exterior by a trans-envelope complex. Effectors delivered by the T6SS are loaded within the inner tube or on the spike complex and can target prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic cells. Here we summarize the structure, assembly, and mechanism of action of the T6SS. We also review the function of effectors and their mode of recruitment and delivery.
Nivolumab-induced myocarditis complicated by complete atrioventricular block in a patient with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Tan Jin Lin , Mugwagwa Augustine Nyasha , Cieslik Luke , Joshi Rohit
Published: July 2019

We report a case of a 74-year-old man who developed myocarditis complicated by atrioventricular (AV) block following two doses of nivolumab for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. A diagnosis of drug-induced acute myocarditis with complete AV block was considered on the basis of elevated troponin, new onset left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction, absence of acute myocardial infarction and some findings suggestive of myocarditis on cardiac magnetic resonance. The patient was commenced on glucocorticoids, perindopril and carvedilol. AV block and LV dysfunction persisted despite 2 weeks of treatment. He ultimately became hypotensive which prompted an implantation of a cardiac resynchronisation therapy pacemaker. Follow-up echocardiogram at 6 weeks showed resolution of LV systolic dysfunction. However, he continued to have AV block.
Acquired C1-inhibitor deficiency presenting with nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Willows Jamie , Wood Katrina , Bourne Helen , Sayer John Andrew
Published: July 2019

Acquired C1-inhibitor (C1-INH) deficiency is a rare and potentially life-threatening disorder, which presents with recurrent attacks of non-pitting oedema to the face, airway, limbs or gastrointestinal tract. It is often associated with underlying B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. We describe a case of a 73-year-old man with acquired C1-INH deficiency who presented with nephrotic syndrome due to glomerular IgM deposition, secondary to an underlying secretory lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Both the acquired C1-INH deficiency and the nephrotic syndrome resolved when the underlying B-cell lymphoma was treated with rituximab and bendamustine, suggesting the underlying lymphoproliferative malignancy was driving both disorders.
Pseudoachalasia secondary to metastatic bladder cancer
Authors: Haberstroh William , Shafa Shervin
Published: July 2019

Pseudoachalasia, or secondary achalasia, is a clinical condition that must be distinguished from primary achalasia. Both diagnoses may present similarly, but the aetiology and management for each are drastically different. Most significantly, pseudoachalasia carries a high association with malignancy, most often with primary adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus or cardia. Our case involves a patient with signs and symptoms consistent with pseudoachalasia due to metastatic bladder cancer.
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in emergency patients with multivessel disease or unobstructed coronary arteries: a cost-effectiveness analysis in the UK
Authors: Stokes Elizabeth A , Doble Brett , Pufulete Maria , Reeves Barnaby C , Bucciarelli-Ducci Chiara , Dorman Stephen , Greenwood John P , Anderson Richard A , Wordsworth Sarah
Published: July 2019

Objective

To identify the key drivers of cost-effectiveness for cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) when patients activate the primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) pathway.

Design

Economic decision models for two patient subgroups populated from secondary sources, each with a 1 year time horizon from the perspective of the National Health Service (NHS) and personal social services in the UK.

Setting

Usual care (with or without CMR) in the NHS.

Participants

Patients who activated the PPCI pathway, and for Model 1: underwent an emergency coronary angiogram and PPCI, and were found to have multivessel coronary artery disease. For Model 2: underwent an emergency coronary angiogram and were found to have unobstructed coronary arteries.

Interventions

Model 1 (multivessel disease) compared two different ischaemia testing methods, CMR or fractional flow reserve (FFR), versus stress echocardiography. Model 2 (unobstructed arteries) compared CMR with standard echocardiography versus standard echocardiography alone.

Main outcome measures

Key drivers of cost-effectiveness for CMR, incremental costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios.

Results

In both models, the incremental costs and QALYs between CMR (or FFR, Model 1) versus no CMR (stress echocardiography, Model 1 and standard echocardiography, Model 2) were small (CMR: −£64 (95% CI −£232 to £187)/FFR: £360 (95% CI −£116 to £844) and CMR/FFR: 0.0012 QALYs (95% CI −0.0076 to 0.0093)) and (£98 (95% CI −£199 to £488) and 0.0005 QALYs (95% CI −0.0050 to 0.0077)), respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of the tests was the key driver of cost-effectiveness for both patient groups.

Conclusions

If CMR were introduced for all subgroups of patients who activate the PPCI pathway, it is likely that diagnostic accuracy would be a key determinant of its cost-effectiveness. Further research is needed to definitively answer whether revascularisation guided by CMR or FFR leads to different clinical outcomes in acute coronary syndrome patients with multivessel disease.
Tobacco cessation training in 6-year pharmacy schools in Japan: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Tobari Hiroko , Takahashi Yuji , Yamagishi Kazumasa , Sugiura Munetoshi
Published: July 2019

Objectives

This study aimed to identify the extent of tobacco cessation training content, including the introduction of a comprehensive programme; and the presence of tobacco-related topics, including new tobacco products, school years and course of training, educators, and attitudes and policies relevant to tobacco education in pharmacy schools in Japan.

Design

A cross-sectional survey.

Setting

All pharmacy schools in Japan with a 6-year course of training were invited to participate.

Methods

Pharmacy schools in Japan that agreed to participate in a web-based survey asking about tobacco cessation training, and attitudes and policies relevant to tobacco education.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The primary outcome was the number of pharmacy schools that introduced comprehensive tobacco cessation training in their curriculum. The secondary outcome was to clarify the curriculum coverage of 9 basic knowledge and 10 tobacco cessation-specific topics, including new tobacco products.

Results

Of the 75 pharmacy schools with a 6-year course in Japan, 52 (74%) responded to the survey. While 27 (52%) schools reported that comprehensive tobacco cessation training would be beneficial, only 1 school had introduced it as a one-credit elective course in the fifth year. Basic knowledge topics for tobacco cessation listed in or related to the Model Core Curriculum were covered by 44%–65% of the schools, while practical skills were covered in 10%–19% of the schools. Only seven schools (14%) introduced the topic of new tobacco products in their curriculum.

Conclusions

This study revealed that comprehensive tobacco cessation training is not generally offered in pharmacy schools in Japan. The Model Core Curriculum should revise its standards to implement updated tobacco cessation training programmes to keep up with new tobacco products and to train pharmacy students on counselling users of such products.

Trial registration number

Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences No. 17 – 14.
Understanding rural caregivers’ experiences of cancer care when accessing metropolitan cancer services: a qualitative study
Authors: Ugalde Anna , Blaschke Sarah , Boltong Anna , Schofield Penelope , Aranda Sanchia , Phipps-Nelson Jo , Chambers Suzanne K , Krishnasamy Meinir , Livingston Patricia M
Published: July 2019

Objective

To explore the experiences of cancer caregivers who live in rural Australia and travel to a metropolitan cancer health service to access cancer treatment.

Design

A qualitative study using semistructured, audio-recorded interviews conducted between December 2017 and July 2018 with caregivers and social workers. Thematic analysis using interpretative descriptive techniques performed on textual interview data within a critical realist paradigm to develop understanding of rural caregivers’ lived experiences.

Setting

Participants were from rural areas attending a metropolitan cancer centre in Australia and social workers.

Participants

21 caregivers (16 female) of people with cancer living in rural Australia within a minimum distance of 100 km from the metropolitan cancer centre where they access treatment, and five social workers employed at a metropolitan cancer service with experience of working with rural patients and caregivers.

Results

Thematic analysis developed two overarching themes: theme 1:caregiving in the rural settingdescribes the unique circumstance in which caregiving for a person with cancer takes place in the rural setting at considerable distance from the cancer service where the person receives treatment. This is explored in three categories: ‘Rural community and culture’, ‘Life adjustments’ and ‘Available supports’. Theme 2:accessing metropolitan cancer servicescaptures the multiplicity of tasks and challenges involved in organising and coordinating the journey to access cancer treatment in a metropolitan hospital, which is presented in the following categories: ‘Travel’, ‘Accommodation’ and ‘Health system navigation’.

Conclusions

Caregivers who live in rural areas face significant challenges when confronting geographic isolation between their rural home environment and the metropolitan setting, where the patient accessed cancer treatment. There is a need for healthcare services to identify this group to develop feasible and sustainable ways to provide interventions that have the best chance of assisting rural caregivers in supporting the patient while maintaining their own health and well-being.
Do adult health outcomes in urban population reflect local health risk? A matched cohort analysis of migration effects in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Authors: Bocquier Philippe , Soura Abdramane Bassiahi , Sanogo Souleymane , Randall Sara
Published: July 2019

Background

Selective migration may affect health indicators in both urban and rural areas. Sub-Saharan African urban areas show evidence of both negative and positive selection on health status at outmigration. Health outcomes as measured in urban populations may not reflect local health risks and access to health services.

Methods

Using the Ouagadougou Health and Demographic Surveillance System and a migrant follow-up survey, we measured differences in health between matched non-migrants and outmigrants. We applied Cox and competing risks models on migration and death.

Results

Controlling for premigration health status, migrants who moved out of Ouagadougou have higher mortality (HR 3.24, 95% CI 1.23 to 8.58) than non-migrants and migrants moving to other Ouagadougou areas. However, these effects vanish in the matched sample controlling for all interactions between death determinants. These and other results show little evidence that migration led to higher mortality or worse health.

Conclusions

Health outcomes as measured in Ouagadougou population do reflect local health risks and access to health services despite high migration intensity. However, neither the hypothesis of effect of health on migration nor the hypothesis of negative effect of migration on health or survival was confirmed.
Protocol for the development of the STrengthening the Reporting Of Pharmacogenetic Studies (STROPS) guideline: checklist of items for reporting pharmacogenetic studies
Authors: Richardson Marty , Kirkham Jamie J , Dwan Kerry M , Sloan Derek J , Davies Geraint , Jorgensen Andrea
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Large sample sizes are often required to detect statistically significant associations between pharmacogenetic markers and treatment response. Meta-analysis may be performed to synthesise data from several studies, increasing sample size and consequently power to detect significant genetic effects. However, performing robust synthesis of data from pharmacogenetic studies is often challenging due to poor reporting of key data in study reports. There is currently no guideline for the reporting of pharmacogenetic studies. The aim of this project is to develop the STrengthening the Reporting Of Pharmacogenetic Studies (STROPS) guideline. The STROPS guideline will facilitate the conduct of high-quality meta-analyses and thus improve the power to detect genetic associations.

Methods and analysis

We will establish a preliminary checklist of reporting items to be considered for inclusion in the guideline. We will then conduct a Delphi survey of key stakeholder groups to gain consensus opinion on which reporting items to include in the final guideline. The Delphi survey will consist of two rounds: the first round will invite participants to score items from the preliminary checklist and to suggest additional relevant items; the second round will provide feedback from the previous round and invite participants to re-score the items. Following the second round, we will summarise the distribution of scores for each item, stratified by stakeholder group. The Steering Committee for the project and representatives from the key stakeholder groups will meet to consider the results of the Delphi survey and to finalise the list of reporting items. We will then draft, pilot-test and publish the STROPS reporting guideline and accompanying explanatory document.

Ethics and dissemination

The University of Liverpool Ethics Committee has confirmed ethical approval for this study (reference: 3586). Dissemination activities will include presenting the reporting guideline at conferences relevant to pharmacogenetic research.
Identifying mental health and substance use disorders using emergency department and hospital records: a population-based retrospective cohort study of diagnostic concordance and disease attribution
Authors: Wang Linwei , Homayra Fahmida , Pearce Lindsay A , Panagiotoglou Dimitra , McKendry Rachael , Barrios Rolando , Mitton Craig , Nosyk Bohdan
Published: July 2019

Objectives

Administrative data are increasingly being used for surveillance and monitoring of mental health and substance use disorders (MHSUD) across Canada. However, the validity of the diagnostic codes specific to MHSUD is unknown in emergency departments (EDs). Our objective was to determine the concordance, and individual-level and hospital-level factors associated with concordance, between diagnosis codes assigned in ED and at discharge from hospital for MHSUD-related conditions.

Design

Population-based retrospective cohort study.

Setting

EDs and hospitals within Vancouver Coastal Health Authority (VCH), British Columbia, Canada.

Participants

16 926 individuals who were admitted into a VCH hospital following an ED visit from 1 April 2009 to 31 March 2017, contributing to 48 116 pairs of ED and hospital discharge diagnoses.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

We examined concordance in identifying MHSUD between the primary discharge diagnosis codes based on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 9th and 10th Revisions (Canada) assigned in the ED and those assigned in the hospital among all ED visits resulting in a hospital admission. We calculated the percent overall agreement, positive agreement, negative agreement and Cohen’s kappa coefficient. We performed multiple regression analyses to identify factors independently associated with discordance.

Results

We found a high level of concordance for broad categories of MH conditions (overall agreement=0.89, positive agreement=0.74 and kappa=0.67), and a fair level of concordance for SUDs (overall agreement=0.89, positive agreement=0.31 and kappa=0.27). SUDs were less likely to be indicated as the primary cause in ED as opposed to in hospital (3.8% vs 11.7%). In multiple regression analyses, ED visits occurring during holidays, weekends and overnight (21:00–8:59 hours) were associated with increased odds of discordance in identifying MH conditions (adjusted OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.93; 1.27, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.40; 1.30, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.42, respectively).

Conclusions

ED data could be used to improve surveillance and monitoring of MHSUD. Future efforts are needed to improve screening for individuals with MHSUD and subsequently connect them to treatment and follow-up care.
Assessing cognitive impairment in SLE: examining relationships between resting glucose metabolism and anti-NMDAR antibodies with navigational performance
Authors: Ploran Elisabeth , Tang Chris , Mackay Meggan , Small Michael , Anderson Erik , Storbeck Justin , Bascetta Brittany , Kang Simran , Aranow Cynthia , Sartori Carl , Watson Philip , Volpe Bruce , Diamond Betty , Eidelberg David
Published: July 2019

Objective

Resting Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) brain imaging and neuropsychological testing were used to investigate the usefulness of a spatial navigation task (SNT) as a performance benchmark for cognitive impairment related to anti-N-methyl D-aspartate (anti-NMDA) receptor antibodies (DNRAb) in SLE.

Methods

Neuropsychological assessments, including a desktop 3-D virtual SNT, were performed on 19 SLE participants and 9 healthy control (HC) subjects. SLE participants had stable disease activity and medication doses and no history of neuropsychiatric illness or current use of mind-altering medications. Resting FDG-PET scans were obtained on all SLE participants and compared with a historical set from 25 age-matched and sex-matched HCs. Serum DNRAb titres were measured by ELISA.

Results

11/19 (58%) of SLE participants failed to complete the SNT (SNT−) compared with 2/9 (22%) of HCs. Compared with 7/9 (78%) in HCs, only 2/9 (22%; p=0.037) of SLE participants with high serum DNRAb titres completed the SNT, in contrast to 6/10 (60%; p=0.810) in SLE participants with low DNRAb titres. Voxel-wise comparison of FDG-PET scans between the 8 SLE participants successfully completing the SNT task (SNT+) and the 11 SNT− SLE participants revealed increased metabolism in the SNT+ participants (p<0.001) in the left anterior putamen/caudate, right anterior putamen, left prefrontal cortex (BA 9), right prefrontal cortex (BA 9/10) and left lateral and medial frontal cortex (BA 8). Compared with HCs, the SNT+ group demonstrated increased metabolism in all regions (p<0.02) except for the right prefrontal cortex (BA 9), whereas the SNT− group demonstrated either significantly decreased or similar metabolism in these seven regions.

Conclusions

SNT performance is associated with serum DNRAb titres and resting glucose metabolism in the anterior putamen/caudate and frontal cortex, suggesting compensatory neural recruitment in SNT-associated regions is necessary for successful completion of the task. The SNT therefore has potential for use as a marker for SLE-mediated cognitive impairment.
Analytical solution of the Coulomb potential for spherical nuclei
Authors: Koç Hüseyin , Eser Erhan , Selam Cevad
Published: July 2019

A lot of problems of atomic and nuclear physics depend on Coulomb potential with high accuracy. Therefore, it is very important to carefully and accurately calculate the Coulomb potential. In this study, a new analytical expression was obtained for calculating the Coulomb potential by choosing the Fermi distribution function, which is suitable for charge distribution in nuclei. The proposed formula guarantees an accurate and simple calculation of the Coulomb potential of nuclei. Using the analytical expression obtained, the Coulomb potentials for several spherical nuclei were calculated for all values of the parameters. It is shown that the results obtained for arbitrary values of the radius are consistent with the literature data. In this study, the accepted values in the literature of the two parameters (Coulomb radius [Formula: see text] and diffuseness parameter [Formula: see text] which are important for the Coulomb potential are also discussed.
Convergent series for polynomial lattice models with complex actions
Authors: Sazonov Vasily
Published: July 2019

Lattice models with complex actions are important for the understanding of matter at finite densities, but not accessible by the standard Monte Carlo techniques due to the sign problem. Here, we propose a new approach aiming to avoid the complex action/sign problem, by extending the method of convergent series (CS) with a non-Gaussian initial approximation. The main properties of the new series are demonstrated on the example of the two-dimensional oscillating integral.
First-principles calculations of structural, mechanical and electronic properties of TiNi-X (X=C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) alloys
Authors: Hong Dan , Zeng Wei , Xin Zhao , Liu Fu-Sheng , Tang Bin , Liu Qi-Jun
Published: July 2019

We adopted the first-principles calculations within density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the structures, elastic, and electronic properties of ternary TiNi-X alloys with different four main-group elements by using the CASTEP code. The lattice constants and volumes increase gradually from C to Pb. The mechanical stability has been discussed by utilizing the criteria. All alloys are mechanically stable except TiNiPb. The values of Young’s modulus gradually decreased. Oppositely, the values of [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are increased, respectively. The ductility/brittleness of alloys is distinct. In addition, the width of pseudogap is gradually decreased, which is consistent with hardness, showing that the covanlency of TiNi-X alloys is decreased. Similarly, these properties of the remaining alloys are also discussed and results are stated in the paper.
Routing optimization considering real-time traffic condition and travel distance
Authors: Kaitian Luo , Gang Liu
Published: July 2019

The real throughput of a network is dependent on the adopted routing algorithm. In this study, we further analyze the influence of real-time traffic condition and travel distance on network throughput in a dynamic transportation environment, and define a mathematical model to describe the routing cost for a packet spending to travel along a path with considering real-time traffic condition and travel distance. Based on the model, this paper proposes a routing strategy by imposing the minimum cost. Experimental results show that the proposed routing strategy is efficient in improving network throughput and balancing traffic load.
Vidgets
Authors: Xiao Chang , Bayer Karl , Zheng Changxi , Nayar Shree K.
Published: July 2019

We present
Vidgets
, a family of mechanical widgets, specifically push buttons and rotary knobs that augment mobile devices with tangible user interfaces. When these widgets are attached to a mobile device and a user interacts with them, the widgets' nonlinear mechanical response shifts the device slightly and quickly, and this subtle motion can be detected by the accelerometer commonly equipped on mobile devices. We propose a physics-based model to understand the nonlinear mechanical response of widgets. This understanding enables us to design tactile force profiles of these widgets so that the resulting accelerometer signals become easy to recognize. We then develop a lightweight signal processing algorithm that analyzes the accelerometer signals and recognizes how the user interacts with the widgets in real time. Vidgets widgets are low-cost, compact, reconfigurable, and power efficient. They can form a diverse set of physical interfaces that enrich users' interactions with mobile devices in various practical scenarios. We demonstrate their use in three applications: photo capture with single-handed zoom, control of mobile games, and making a playable mobile music instrument.
On bubble rings and ink chandeliers
Authors: Padilla Marcel , Chern Albert , Knöppel Felix , Pinkall Ulrich , Schröder Peter
Published: July 2019

We introduce variable thickness, viscous vortex filaments. These can model such varied phenomena as underwater bubble rings or the intricate "chandeliers" formed by ink dropping into fluid. Treating the evolution of such filaments as an instance of Newtonian dynamics on a Riemannian configuration manifold we are able to extend classical work in the dynamics of vortex filaments through inclusion of viscous drag forces. The latter must be accounted for in low Reynolds number flows where they lead to significant variations in filament thickness and form an essential part of the observed dynamics. We develop and document both the underlying theory and associated practical numerical algorithms.
Physics-based full-body soccer motion control for dribbling and shooting
Authors: Hong Seokpyo , Han Daseong , Cho Kyungmin , Shin Joseph S. , Noh Junyong
Published: July 2019

Playing with a soccer ball is not easy even for a real human because of dynamic foot contacts with the moving ball while chasing and controlling it. The problem of online full-body soccer motion synthesis is challenging and has not been fully solved yet. In this paper, we present a novel motion control system that produces physically-correct full-body soccer motions: dribbling forward, dribbling to the side, and shooting, in response to an online user motion prescription specified by a motion type, a running speed, and a turning angle. This system performs two tightly-coupled tasks: data-driven motion prediction and physics-based motion synthesis. Given example motion data, the former synthesizes a reference motion in accordance with an online user input and further refines the motion to make the character kick the ball at a right time and place. Provided with the reference motion, the latter then adopts a Model Predictive Control (MPC) framework to generate a physically-correct soccer motion, by solving an optimal control problem that is formulated based on dynamics for a full-body character and the moving ball together with their interactions. Our demonstration shows the effectiveness of the proposed system that synthesizes convincing full-body soccer motions in various scenarios such as adjusting the desired running speed of the character, changing the velocity and the mass of the ball, and maintaining balance against external forces.
Using moments to represent bounded signals for spectral rendering
Authors: Peters Christoph , Merzbach Sebastian , Hanika Johannes , Dachsbacher Carsten
Published: July 2019

We present a compact and efficient representation of spectra for accurate rendering using more than three dimensions. While tristimulus color spaces are sufficient for color display, a spectral renderer has to simulate light transport per wavelength. Consequently, emission spectra and surface albedos need to be known at each wavelength. It is practical to store dense samples for emission spectra but for albedo textures, the memory requirements of this approach are unreasonable. Prior works that approximate dense spectra from tristimulus data introduce strong errors under illuminants with sharp peaks and in indirect illumination. We represent spectra by an arbitrary number of Fourier coefficients. However, we do not use a common truncated Fourier series because its ringing could lead to albedos below zero or above one. Instead, we present a novel approach for reconstruction of bounded densities based on the theory of moments. The core of our technique is our bounded maximum entropy spectral estimate. It uses an efficient closed form to compute a smooth signal between zero and one that matches the given Fourier coefficients exactly. Still, a ground truth that localizes all of its mass around a few wavelengths can be reconstructed adequately. Therefore, our representation covers the full gamut of valid reflectances. The resulting textures are compact because each coefficient can be stored in 10 bits. For compatibility with existing tristimulus assets, we implement a mapping from tristimulus color spaces to three Fourier coefficients. Using three coefficients, our technique gives state of the art results without some of the drawbacks of related work. With four to eight coefficients, our representation is superior to all existing representations. Our focus is on offline rendering but we also demonstrate that the technique is fast enough for real-time rendering.
Content-aware generative modeling of graphic design layouts
Authors: Zheng Xinru , Qiao Xiaotian , Cao Ying , Lau Rynson W. H.
Published: July 2019

Layout is fundamental to graphic designs. For visual attractiveness and efficient communication of messages and ideas, graphic design layouts often have great variation, driven by the contents to be presented. In this paper, we study the problem of content-aware graphic design layout generation. We propose a deep generative model for graphic design layouts that is able to synthesize layout designs based on the visual and textual semantics of user inputs. Unlike previous approaches that are oblivious to the input contents and rely on heuristic criteria, our model captures the effect of visual and textual contents on layouts, and implicitly learns complex layout structure variations from data without the use of any heuristic rules. To train our model, we build a large-scale magazine layout dataset with fine-grained layout annotations and keyword labeling. Experimental results show that our model can synthesize high-quality layouts based on the visual semantics of input images and keyword-based summary of input text. We also demonstrate that our model internally learns powerful features that capture the subtle interaction between contents and layouts, which are useful for layout-aware design retrieval.
Visual smoothness of polyhedral surfaces
Authors: Pellis Davide , Kilian Martin , Dellinger Felix , Wallner Johannes , Pottmann Helmut
Published: July 2019

Representing smooth geometric shapes by polyhedral meshes can be quite difficult in situations where the variation of edges and face normals is prominently visible. Especially problematic are saddle-shaped areas of the mesh, where typical vertices with six incident edges are ill suited to emulate the more symmetric smooth situation. The importance of a faithful discrete representation is apparent for certain special applications like freeform architecture, but is also relevant for simulation and geometric computing.

In this paper we discuss what exactly is meant by a good representation of saddle points, and how this requirement is stronger than a good approximation of a surface plus its normals. We characterize good saddles in terms of the normal pyramid in a vertex.

We show several ways to design meshes whose normals enjoy small variation (implying good saddle points). For this purpose we define a discrete energy of polyhedral surfaces, which is related to a certain total absolute curvature of smooth surfaces. We discuss the minimizers of both functionals and in particular show that the discrete energy is minimal not for triangle meshes, but for principal quad meshes. We demonstrate our procedures for optimization and interactive design by means of meshes intended for architectural design.
Direct delta mush skinning and variants
Authors: Le Binh Huy , Lewis J P
Published: July 2019

A significant fraction of the world's population have experienced virtual characters through games and movies, and the possibility of online VR social experiences may greatly extend this audience. At present, the skin deformation for interactive and real-time characters is typically computed using geometric skinning methods. These methods are efficient and simple to implement, but obtaining quality results requires considerable manual "rigging" effort involving trial-and-error weight painting, the addition of virtual helper bones, etc. The recently introduced Delta Mush algorithm largely solves this rig authoring problem, but its iterative computational approach has prevented direct adoption in real-time engines.

This paper introduces Direct Delta Mush, a new algorithm that simultaneously improves on the efficiency and control of Delta Mush while generalizing previous algorithms. Specifically, we derive a direct rather than iterative algorithm that has the same ballpark computational form as some previous geometric weight blending algorithms. Straightforward variants of the algorithm are then proposed to further optimize computational and storage cost with insignificant quality losses. These variants are equivalent to special cases of several previous skinning algorithms.

Our algorithm simultaneously satisfies the goals of reasonable efficiency, quality, and ease of authoring. Further, its explicit decomposition of rotational and translational effects allows independent control over bending versus twisting deformation, as well as a skin sliding effect.
Affine interpolation in a lie group framework
Authors: Bansal Sumukh , Tatu Aditya
Published: July 2019

Affine transformations are of vital importance in many tasks pertaining to motion design and animation. Interpolation of affine transformations is non-trivial. Typically, the given affine transformation is decomposed into simpler components which are easier to interpolate. This may lead to unintuitive results, while in some cases, such solutions may not work. In this work, we propose an interpolation framework which is based on a Lie group representation of the affine transformation. The Lie group representation decomposes the given transformation into simpler and meaningful components, on which computational tools like the exponential and logarithm maps are available in closed form. Interpolation exists for all affine transformations while preserving a few characteristics of the original transformation. A detailed analysis and several experiments of the proposed framework are included.
InteractionFusion
Authors: Zhang Hao , Bo Zi-Hao , Yong Jun-Hai , Xu Feng
Published: July 2019

Hand-object interaction is challenging to reconstruct but important for many applications like HCI, robotics and so on. Previous works focus on either the hand or the object while we jointly track the hand poses, fuse the 3D object model and reconstruct its rigid and nonrigid motions, and perform all these tasks in real time. To achieve this, we first use a DNN to segment the hand and object in the two input depth streams and predict the current hand pose based on the previous poses by a pre-trained LSTM network. With this information, a unified optimization framework is proposed to jointly track the hand poses and object motions. The optimization integrates the segmented depth maps, the predicted motion, a spatial-temporal varying rigidity regularizer and a real-time contact constraint. A nonrigid fusion technique is further involved to reconstruct the object model. Experiments demonstrate that our method can solve the ambiguity caused by heavy occlusions between hand and object, and generate accurate results for various objects and interacting motions.