bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pre and Postoperative Serum Parathyroid Hormone, Calcium and Magnesium Levels in Thyroidectomy Patients in Tertiary Care Hospital of Southern India: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Rao K Madhusudhan , Prabhu Kumble Ananth , Chetas HG , Fakruddin Ahris Valavoor , Koppad Sanjay
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Thyroidectomy has been established as the preferred operation for various thyroid disorders in various forms, ranging from hemithyroidectomy, subtotal to total thyroidectomy. Postoperative hypocalcaemia is one of the most common complications that is observed in patients who undergo total thyroidectomy. To minimise the postoperative complications and to minimise hospital stay and early discharge, it is important to predict patients at risk of developing hypocalcaemia. Measurements of Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) in the immediate postoperative period along with serum calcium are useful and reliable methods. Aim: To determine the risk of post total thyroidectomy by measuring PTH level after total thyroidectomy and compare serum calcium and magnesium levels pre and two hours post total thyroidectomy. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 34 patients, who underwent total thyroidectomy, from October 2018- May 2020. Preoperative calcium, magnesium and PTH were compared with postoperative calcium, magnesium and PTH. All data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows, Version 22.0. Paired t-test was used to compare and find an association. results: Present study included six males (17.6%) and 28 females (82.4%), there was statistically significant difference between postoperative calcium levels in total thyroidectomy without central neck dissection (mean of 8.36) and postoperative calcium levels in total thyroidectomy with neck dissection (mean of 7.67). There was a significant statistical association between postoperative calcium and postoperative PTH levels (p<0.001). Present study observed significant positive correlation coefficient (r=0.698) and a high level of significance (p<0.001) for postoperative calcium and postoperative PTH. Present study showed no definitive correlation between postoperative serum magnesium and calcium levels. conclusion: For predicting the risk of hypocalcaemia after thyroidectomy it is more reliable to measure the serum PTH level before and after operation and compare the reduction level of percentage of PTH drop for predicting the risk of hypocalcaemia.
Comparison of Demographic Profile and CT Findings in COVID-19 Pneumonia between First and Second Waves of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Mari Taling , Sumnyan Wangju , Riba Kenjum , Soki Nyapu
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the world in two waves. The human civilisation took a heavy toll in the two waves of pandemic in terms of human deaths, loss of livelihood and socioeconomic regression. Aim: To present the Computed Tomography (CT) thorax findings of COVID-19 pneumonia during peak three months of first and second waves of COVID-19 pandemic and compare the demographic profile, radiological patterns and CT severity scores to document if significant difference exists between the two waves. Materials and Methods: The present observational, retrospective and single-centric study included all Real-time Reverse Transcription-polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) tests proven COVID-19 patients who underwent CT scan during the peak three months of first (August to October 2020) and second (April to June 2021) waves of COVID-19 pandemic at TRIHMS, Naharlagun, Arunachal Pradesh, India. A total of 93 and 120 patients were included from the first and second waves, respectively. The demographic profile, radiological pattern based on the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) consensus statement and CT severity index in COVID- 19 pneumonia were compared during the peak three months of first and second waves of the pandemic. Chi-squared and t-test were used for statistical analysis. Results: The patients affected during the second wave were younger compared to the first wave (mean age of 43 vs 49, p=0.001). The patients having moderate or severe COVID-19 pneumonia during the second wave were significantly younger compared to the first wave (mean age of 42 vs 55, p<0.001). More females were affected with moderate or severe COVID-19 pneumonia during the second wave compared to the first wave (p=0.017). However, the overall sex difference in COVID-19 pneumonia (including mild category) was not significant with p-value of 0.127. There was same prevalence of radiological patterns in the two waves (p=0.981). The difference in the prevalence of CT severity score was not significant in the two waves (p=0.256). Conclusion: Similar radiological patterns were observed in the two waves of the pandemic. Younger patients were significantly more affected during the second wave of the pandemic.
Student’s Awareness of Free and Open-Source Software (FOSS) in Higher Education
Authors: Nayak Kunu , Binjha Praveen Bobby
Published: March 2022

Aims: The study is based on the familiarity of students with different types of free and open-source software (foss) and explores the students’ awareness. It also explored the factors influencing the awareness of students about free and open-source software (foss).

Study Design: A descriptive survey method has been adopted and purposive sampling techniques used for data collection.

Place and duration of Study: The study took place in three Odisha state universities between January 2019 and April 2019.

Methodology: The samples comprise 80 post-`students from three Odisha state universities viz Ravenshaw University, and Utkal university. Included sample from each university selected randomly. The data were analyzed by percentage and frequency of responses of respondents

Results the findings indicate the majority of the students were highly aware of the usage and benefits of foss. Social media, course syllabus, and conferences/seminars are the major factors influencing the awareness of students about free and open-source software while lacking awareness, lack of institutional support, orientation, and training on the use of foss tools are the major factor responsible for foss adoption.

Conclusion: Further, the findings suggest that foss tools can be adopted for educational purposes like research, teaching-learning, data gathering, interpretation, representation, etc and it is an alternative to proprietary software. Teachers and curriculum developers should re-evaluate and re-frame the curriculum of higher education giving attention to this area.
New Zero -Truncated Distribution: Properties and Applications
Authors: Ghouar Ahlem , Zeghdoudi Halim , Cherif Bouras Mohammed
Published: March 2022

A new zero-truncated distribution called zero-truncated Poisson-Pseudo Lindley distribution is introduced. Its statistical properties including general expression of probabilities, moments, cumulative function and the quantile function were examined. Different statistical properties of moment method, maximum likelihood estimation and the quantile function are identified. The parameters estimation of the zero-truncated Poisson-Pseudo Lindley distribution is explained by estimation methods and, to recommend its performance, a simulation is proposed. The model distribution to real-life data is presented and measured with the goodness of fit got by well-known one and two parameters distributions.
Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Involvement in Breast Cancer Carcinogenesis
Authors: Saad Mahmoud E. , Abdel–Megied Ahmed E. S. , El–Mezayen Hatem , Farouk Omar , Refaat Sherif , M. Hamed Sahar
Published: March 2022

Background: According to GLOBOCAN estimates, breast cancer was found to be the most often diagnosed cancer in women worldwide, (11.7%) and the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality (6.9%). The present study was aimed to evaluate the involvement of oxidative stress on breast cancer carcinogenesis in Egyptian population.

Methods: Lipid peroxidation as evidenced by malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) stress as well as the status of the antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were estimated in serum of 163 breast cancer patients. Correlations between oxidative/ antioxidant profile and different prognostic variables in BC patients were estimated.

Results: Lipid peroxidation in BC was enhanced in response to cancer stage and tumor size (p < 0.01). Similarly, NO was increase in response to NPI, Her2/neu and cancer stage (p < 0.02). Inversely in antioxidant, SOD was decrease in response to Her2/neu only (p < 0.002). While, TAC was increase in response to cancer stage and tumor size (p < 0.01). We found that oxidative/antioxidant status was dependent on NPI, Her2/neu, cancer stage and tumor size of BC patients.

Conclusion: Higher oxidative stress generation and lower SOD activity were found in our study, which supports the oxidative stress concept in breast carcinogenesis.
Malay Language Learning Difficulty by International Community: A Case Study of Postgraduate Students of UNISZA and UMT
Authors: Shawai Yahaya Garba , Mohamed Mohamed Afendee , Amin Almaiah Mohammed , Abdullahi Fatima Gambo
Published: March 2022

Acquiring knowledge, either individually or in a team, is known as learning. The mode of learning may be either supervised or unsupervised. Language learning develops communication ability in a second foreign language, such as the Malay language... Malaysia is among the countries that students around the globe visit for undergraduate and postgraduate studies. But, the international students faced communication challenges with both the local students and the academic staff due to language variations. The local students lack confidence in English, while the international students don’t understand the Malay language. The communication The Gap was pointed out as the major problem for the international students to carry out their academic activities as most lecturers deliver their classes using Bahasa Melayu (Malay language). It is expected for the international students to learn the Malay language, but the local students are communicatively shy due to their lack of confidence in English. The present study investigates the Malay language learning difficulties of the international students at Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin and Universiti Malaysia Terengganu. The researcher adopted quantative analysis with a structured questionnaire as the research tool. The experiment was carried out with the IBM SPSS version tool, and hardware components such as the Intel Celeron quad core processor (2M cache, 2.0GHz), 4GHz RAM, and 500GHz HDD. One hundred and seventy (170) with eighty-five (85) of equal size between the two universities were considered as the sample size. Findings reveal that most of the respondents disagreed that it was easy to learn Malay with the traditional system that presented a frequency of 41.8%. In addition, 43.5% of the respondents believed that learning Malay with the traditional system was time-consuming. Finally, respondents disagreed that traditional learning systems are easy to read. As such, most of the respondents suggest a mobile application as a substitute to the traditional mode of Malay language learning that will enhance learning anywhere at any time, regardless of the location.
Formulation and Characterization of Rutin Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles
Authors: Raju M. Ganga , Srivani M. , Suvarchala Reddy N. V. L. , Priya G. Shanthi
Published: March 2022

New drug delivery technologies are transforming drug discovery and development, as well as establishing research and development-focused pharmaceutical firms that are accelerating global progress. The bioactive rutin molecule is used in a wide range of food and medicinal goods. Its limited bioavailability and poor water solubility are major issues. Rutin is a polyphenolic natural compound with antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant, chemopreventive, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, no research has been published to yet to improve its bioavailability and efficacy. As a result, an attempt was made in this study to load rutin into a nanoparticlulate system in order to improve its bioavailability and efficacy. Six formulations (F1-F6) of nanoparticles were prepared by solvent evaporation technique and were evaluated for particle size and shape using Zeta Sizer, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) Spectroscopy. The optimized formulation was further subjected to in vitro evaluation. Practical percent yield, drug entrapment efficiency and In vitro drug release were evaluated. Out of various formulations F1 have shown best results in particle size 80.71 (1-100 nm), particle shape (spherical nanoparticles with a smoothed surface), average size distribution (105.0), zeta potential (-20.6) percentage yield (70.83), drug entrapment efficiency (83.6%) and drug loading (95%). Pure rutin showed incomplete dissolution of 47.69% in 330 min while Rutin loaded nanoparticles gave 94.75% release in 330 min. It is obvious from the foregoing that rutin chitosan nanoparticles were used as a novel drug delivery technology to improve therapeutic efficacy and sustained release features while overcoming issues such as poor solubility and limited bioavailability.
Gamma Irradiation - A Tool for Enhancing Storage Life of Grain Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)
Authors: Jayashri S. , Jayalekshmy V. G. , Beena R. , K. Raj Sheeja , Shanas S.
Published: March 2022

An experiment was conducted at the Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani to study the influence of gamma irradiation in enhancing storage life of grain cowpea. The experiment consists of six treatments (100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy, 500 Gy and control) with different doses of gamma rays. All the treatments were effective in control of pulse beetle infestation without any seed damage and consequently no weight loss compared to control with 56.333, 28.182 per cent seed damage and weight loss. The treatments showed higher germination parameters compared to control at lower doses of gamma rays. The treatment T2 (200 Gy) recorded highest seed germination percentage (84.33%). Speed of germination, seedling shoot length and seedling dry weight was highest at T2 (200Gy) with 32.13, 11.83 cm and 0.703 g. Seedling root length was highest at T1 (100 Gy) with 13.84 cm. Seedling vigour index I and II were maximum at T2 (200 Gy) with 2130.49 and 59.28. In the field experiment, progressive decrease in all morphological parameters was observed with increase in doses of beyond 200 Gy. No significant variation was observed in 100 Gy, 200 Gy and control. However, among all the gamma doses, 200 Gy (T2) recorded the least seed damage, weight loss and improvement in germination compared to control.
Effect of Compost on Root-knot Nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) and Rhizobium Nodulation of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)
Authors: Uduthala Dharani , Ravella Naveen Kumar
Published: March 2022

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) is an ancient crop widely known as Lobia, Vegetable crop, Black-eyed peas. Cowpea is used as pulse, fodder, vegetable, and green manure crop. It is known to suffer from many diseases and pests. Nematodes cause a severe damage to cowpea production leading to economic losses. Among the nematodes, root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) cause severe damage to the cowpea crop. Farmyard manure, spent mushroom compost, leaf waste of marigold, neem, lantana, rose, berseem and drumstick were tested under field conditions during Rabi 2020-2021 for their efficacy against the root knot nematodes and growth parameters. Field experiment was carried out in randomized block design (RBD) with six treatments and four replications. Among the botanicals amendment, the treatment T6- farmyard manure @ 8t/ha + spent mushroom compost @ 8t/ha + drumstick leaf waste @ 8t/ha significantly increased the plant height at 60 DAS (85.91 cm), shoot weight (111.37gm), root length (17.31 cm), root weight (3.37 gm), rhizobium nodules (26) and significantly decreased the number of root knots in the root system of cowpea at 60 DAS (41). Root weight reduced due to less number of root knots in the roots of cowpea as compared to other botanicals amendment and control T0.
Farmers’ Knowledge and Perception on Beans Postharvest Constraints and Their Mitigation Methods in the Humid Rainforest and Highland Ecozones of Cameroon
Authors: Andukwa Andukwa Henry , Ntonifor Nelson N.
Published: March 2022

Aims: This study sought to assess farmers’ awareness and knowledge about bean postharvest constraints and their indigenous methods to mitigate them. Cameroon.

Study Design: Random interviewing of bean farmers.

Place and Duration of study: Interviewed farmers of the highland savanna and humid rainforest ecological zones which are two agro-ecological zones of Cameroon respectively from January 2017 to October 2018.

Methodology: A structured questionnaire was randomly distributed to 519 bean farmers in order to document their perceptions on various constraints hampering beans postharvest handling/storage and their indigenous methods of mitigating these constraints. Of these, 356 were from the highland savanna and 163 from the humid rainforest ecozones

Results: Most postharvest losses in beans are caused by insects and mold/rot.  Insect pests were reported by 251 (69.5%) of farmers in the highland savanna and 134 (84.8%) in the humid rain forest, while mold/rot was reported by 108 (29.9%) of the farmers in the highland savanna and 11 (6.9%) in the humid rainforest.  Farmers in both agro-ecological zones lacked adequate storage facilities, as reported by 147 (40.7%) in the highland savanna and 43% (275) in the humid rainforest. Most farmers in the highland savanna 118 (39.20%) and humid rainforest 67 (43.22%) stored bean grains for 1-3 months, though farmers in the highland savanna generally stored beans longer than those in the humid rainforest. The insect infestations were controlled mainly by using conventional pesticides and local plant materials while mold was mainly managed by proper drying of the produce.

Conclusions: To mitigate these constraints, an integrated approach of storing appropriately dried insect-free grains in moisture proof storage containers/facilities and judicious use of synthetic pesticides and/or proven effective botanicals should be adopted. Thus, farmers should be trained on good bean preservation methods and effective plant-based products.
Evaluation of Selected Chemicals used for Oil and Gas Production and Their Toxic Effects on the Niger Delta Fresh Water Tilapia Guineensis
Authors: Ikechukwu Kingsley Anyanwu , Friday Joel Ogbonna , Owunari Abraham Georgewill
Published: March 2022

There are projections of continuous increase in the world’s energy demand, which might result to increase in oil and gas exploration and production activities. Nigeria for instance, runs a mono-economy that largely depends on the revenues from her rich oil and gas deposits. Oil and gas exploration and production activities are expected to increase over the years in Nigeria to meet her economic needs, as well as the global energy need. However, oil and gas production activities are associated with environmental concerns, especially with respect to management of the kind of wastes it generates. A major waste generated during oil and gas completion and production operations is the Produced Water (composed of water, different production chemicals and other constituents). This study is focused on evaluation of the toxic effects of selected production chemicals on the Niger Delta freshwater Tilapia guineensis. Among the chemicals evaluated include: SPECTRUS NX1173 (Biocide), FLOGARD MS 6208 (Corrosion inhibitor), ELIMINOX (Oxygen scavenger) and EC9017A (anti-foam), while Tilapia guineensis was used as the bioindicator. Whereas there are past researches on the individual chemicals and confirmation that they are toxic in nature, there are no adequate researches on the comparative toxicity effects of these chemicals, especially on the Niger Delta environment. Produced water samples were simulated in the laboratory using the production chemicals (at different concentrations) and 2000ml of freshwater sample for each experimental setup. The fishes were acclimatized for ten days using same freshwater sample, those that survived were selected for the experiment. The mortality and survival rate of the test organism was monitored at a constant interval of one (1) hour for Ninety-six (96) hours and the percentage mortality of the test organism recorded for all the chemicals at different concentrations ranged from 100% to 10%. The lethal concentration (LC50) calculated for each of the chemicals are as follows: Corrosion inhibitor 0.002%, biocide 0.003%, oxygen scavenger 0.01% and defoamer 0.176%. The corrosion inhibitor was the most toxic as there was 100% mortality of the Tilapia guineensis within 24 hours of the test period, while the defoamer was the least toxic as there were more survival of the test organism at the end of the test period. The test results indicated that all the production chemicals used in this research were toxic, their lethal concentrations differed from one chemical to the other, and the corrosion inhibitor and biocide had the highest toxicity effect on the organisms. The research findings could be used as a basis by the Nigerian regulatory agencies for possible review of currently approved completion and production chemicals for oil and gas activities, as well as produced water disposal options, especially discharge in water bodies in the Niger Delta.
Qualitative and Quantitative Determination of Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Potential of Centaurea behen L. Root Extracts
Authors: Gupta Neesha , Kalaiselvan A.
Published: March 2022

Plants have been used by humans as a natural source for treatments and cures since ancient times, and medicinal herbs have gained popularity due to their widespread usage and lack of adverse effects. Plant study has grown in popularity across the world in recent years, and a large body of data has been gathered to demonstrate the enormous potential of medicinal plants employed in diverse traditional systems. Centaurea behen L (C. behen) is a South Asian root that belongs to the Astarcease family and is known as Safed Behman. C. behen is used to treat brain, heart, and liver weakness, as well as palpitation, hepatitis, melancholia, sexual debility, neurasthenia, spermatorrhoea, weariness, and stomach and bowel problems. It is also a heart tonic and is used to treat jaundice. Several sesqueterpene lactones, the guaianolides cyanraopicrin, augerin B, desacylcynaropicrin, grosshemin, and traces of a ketone closely related to solstitialin A were found in aerial sections of C. behen. The goal of this study was to assess in vitro antioxidant activity, as well as qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses of C. behen root gathered in the Bhopal region of Madhya Pradesh. The well-known test methodology was used to determine qualitative analysis of various phytochemical ingredients and quantitative analysis of total flavonoids. The antioxidant activity of an ethyl acetate extract of the roots was tested in vitro using conventional techniques against DPPH and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging assays. Phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and other phytochemicals were discovered by phytochemical investigation. Ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous root extract of C. behen contained 0.740, 0.381, and 0.465 mg/100mg of total flavonoids, respectively. The anti-DPPH and anti-NO actions of ethyl acetate extracts were concentration dependant. The plant's broad variety of phytochemicals implies that it has medicinal potential, which might be investigated in the pharmaceutical sector as well as in traditional medicine.
Prevalence of Chronic Pulpitis among 13 to 17 Year Old Pediatric Patients Visiting Private Dental Institution in Chennai : A Retrospective Study
Authors: Dhivyadharshini J. , Ramani Pratibha
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Pulpitis is a debilitating inflammation of the pulp of the tooth. Bacteria infiltrate the pulp of the tooth, causing it to swell. It may affect one or more teeth. Pulpitis comes in two varieties - acute and chronic. Chronic pulpitis is a long-term inflammation of the pulp tissue that results in permanent  damage to the reliability of the pulp tissue.

Aim: To assess the prevalence of chronic pulpitis among 13 to 17 year old pediatric patients visiting the private dental institution in Chennai.

Materials and Methods: Case sheets of patients were obtained from Record management system software for analysis. Patients with chronic pulpitis within the age group 13 to 17 were selected and the sample size was found to be n = 165 patients. The collected data was then tabulated for statistical analysis using SPSS.

Results: From the results obtained in our study , chronic pulpitis was most prevalent in females with age of 16 particularly in mandibular molars  (16.97% in 36 and 13.94% in 46).

Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study it can be concluded that mandibular molars were commonly affected due to chronic pulpitis and by knowing the prevalence and pathophysiology of chronic pulpitis, dental clinicians can prevent the progression of this condition.
Bisphosphonate Induced Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in Renal Sarciodosis: A Case Report
Authors: Mamatha N. S. , Savitha J. K. , Narahari R. , Hangal Monisha Uday
Published: March 2022

The therapeutic use of Bisphosphonates has increased in the last decade. The long-term use of bisphosphonates has led to a challenging complication related to jaws knows as Bisphosphonate- induced osteoradionecrosis of the jaw BIONJ. In this paper we report a case of BIONJ in a renal sarcoidosis patient with clinical implications and management.
A Comparative Evaluation of Fracture Resistance of Teeth Obturated with a Novel Sealer: Chitra CPC with Endosequence BC Sealer, MTA Fillapex and AH Plus
Authors: Varghese Remya , Koshy Minu , Anirudhan Subha , Roja Jayashree , Srinivas Vineetha Chakravarthy , Parthasarathy Ambalavanan
Published: March 2022

Background:  Bonding of sealer to root canal walls is likely to increase the integrity of the sealer-dentin interface during mechanical stresses, thus increasing resistance to fracture. Chitra-CPC sealer is an indigenously manufactured bioceramic material and has been used as bone graft and perforation repair material. When used as a sealer, it has good potential to reinforce the root strength in addition to excellent biocompatibility.

Aim: To compare the fracture resistance of teeth obturated with novel Calcium phosphate cement-based sealer viz. Chitra CPC with Endosequence BC sealer, MTA Fillapex and AH Plus

Methods and Material: The study was carried out in 100 single rooted extracted, decoronated mandibular premolars of length 11 mm. The teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 20 for each group). Other than Group 1A and group1B, all other groups were restored with various endodontic sealers and obturated with Gutta Percha. In group1A, the teeth were left unprepared and unfilled (negative control), in group 1B, the teeth were left unobturated (positive control) In group 2, Epoxy resin based sealer (AHPlus ) ;In group 3, mineral trioxide aggregate–based sealer (MTAFill apex); In  group 4, Calcium phosphate cement based sealer (Chitra-CPC);in group 5,Bioceramic based sealer(Endosequence BC ) were used. After 2 weeks all specimens were tested for fracture resistance using Universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min until the root fractured. The force required to fracture each specimen was recorded, and the data was analysed statistically.

Results: The fracture resistance values of Chitra –CPC and Endosequence BC sealer were significantly higher than that of positive control and comparable to negative control.

Conclusions: In contrast to MTA Fill apex and AH Plus, Chitra –CPC and Endosequence BC sealer increased the fracture resistance of teeth.
Protocol on Effects of Breast Caps on Breast Engorgement among Postnatal Mother
Authors: Kale Anita K. , Taksande Vaishali
Published: March 2022

Breast  Engorgement  is  defined  as  the  physiologic  process  of body  in  postnatal  mothers following birth, having sign and symptoms of painful swelling of the breast combine with sudden increase in milk volume. Resulting in Lymphatic and vascular blockage or obstruction and interstitial oedema, if not treated complications of nipples and  breast arise such sore nipples, blebs, mastitis and plugged milk ducts. Pharmacological and alternative methods are available to manage breast engorgement. Hot and Cold compresses showed overall benefits without having side effects. but seeing the shape and contour of breast, hot water bag being flat does not fit to breast to give comfort to mother and also its rubber material cause irritation and  allergic.  The  objectives  of  this  study  are  to  develop  Breast  Caps  and  study  its effectiveness for  management  of Breast  Engorgement. In this study research approach is Qualitative, Intervention study design, simple random sampling techniques is used to allocate 125 samples  in experimental and  100  in control group. Experimental group will receive application of Breast Caps having temperature 43-460F, 10 -15 minutes, thrice a day for three consecutive days and  control group  will receive application of Hot  Water  Bag.  Primary outcome will be development of Breast Caps and secondary outcome will be to study the effectiveness  of breast  caps  which  will  show  reduction  in  sign  and  symptoms  of  breast engorgement   and   pain   level   assess   by  using   6point   self-rating   breast   engorgement scale(SPES) and visual analogue pain scale (VAS). Ethical approval was obtained from IEC, DMIMS(DU)/IEC/2020-21/8387.The  study  result  and  data  will  be  disseminated  in  peer- review publication. The study result will be concluded that Breast Caps can be comfortably and  effectively  used  for  management  the  condition  of  Breast  Engorgement  in  postnatal mothers in hospitals and also in home settings.
An Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-PDA Method for the Determination of a Novel Antipsychotic-Blonanserin in Bulk and its Tablet Dosage Form
Authors: Pal Aditi , Acharyya Suman , Sadhukhan Samiran
Published: March 2022

To develop a new ultra-high-resolution liquid chromatographic technique for determining Blonanserin concentrations in APIs and tablets. A DIKMA Endoversil (2.1 x 50mm, 1.7µm) column with a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min and an eluent measured at 237 nm was used for the chromate-graphic separation. Phosphate buffer, pH 4.2, and acetonitrile (25:75) were used as the mobile phase, with a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The method was approved in accordance with the principles established by the International Conference on Harmonization. Blonanserin was eluted in this process with a retention time of 0.607 minutes. Blonanserin calibration curve plots were shown to be linear for the concentration ranges of 1-75 µg/mL. The quantification limit was 0.25 µg/mL, while the detection limit was 0.05 µg/mL. Despite the fact that the current method was found to be effective in the analysis of Blonanserin in a force degrading state, the percent assay of the marketed dosage form was found to be 96.80%. All of the study results' experience pieces of evidence demonstrated the usefulness of Blonanserin estimation in API and tablet formulation.
Recent Approaches of Drugs and Vaccines Used in COVID 19: A Review
Authors: Sivakumar S. , Kathiresan K. , Pandian P.
Published: March 2022

A novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus developed in December 2019, triggering a life-threatening pneumonia outbreak in China, and has since expanded worldwide, producing a pandemic. Because of the urgent need to control the disease and the dearth of specific and effective treatment options, FDA-approved medicines that have proven efficacy against comparable viruses are being used. In vitro, chloroquine, remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir or ribavirin are effective at inhibiting SARS-CoV-2. The preliminary findings of a variety of clinical trials utilising various chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine delivery procedures all indicate a positive outcome. They may not be effective in cases of consistently high viremia, and data on ivermectin (another antiparasitic medication) is currently unavailable. Intriguingly, azithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, in conjunction with hydroxychloroquine may provide therapeutic benefits. Favipiravir, tocilizumab, and azithromycin types are among the other treatment options being investigated.
Influence of Different Parenting Styles on Dentist’s Treatment Plan
Authors: Obadiah Ivan , Subramanian E. M. G.
Published: March 2022

Every paediatric dentist desires to treat their patients in a stress and anxiety free environment. All steps including diagnosis of the condition, explaining the existing dental status to the patient and treatment planning are based on the mental attitude of the patient and how the dentist reciprocates it. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of different parenting styles on the dentist’s treatment plan. A convenience sample size of parent-children pairs were selected as participants. Analysis of the mental attitude of the parents was carried out from the very first instant the parent-child pair walked in the dental office. The parents were classified into the four categories of parenting styles which are, authoritarian, authoritative, permissive and uninvolved. 83% of the parents accepted the treatment plan without any signs of hesitation or doubt; whereas 17% of the parents denied the treatment option suggested by the dentist or accepted after lots of questions and hesitation. Parenting styles has no influence on dentist’s treatment plan. Parenting styles cannot be used efficiently to classify parental mentality in pediatric dentistry.
COVID‐19 linked to decreases in ED/hospital OD encounters
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: March 2022

The initial 15 months of COVID‐19 were associated with a decline in hospital care for overdose or self‐harm in adolescents and young adults, according to a study conducted in Ontario.
3D Printing of Auxetic Metamaterials with High‐Temperature and Programmable Mechanical Properties
Authors: Ren Lei , Wu Wenzheng , Ren Luquan , Song Zhengyi , Liu Qingping , Li Bingqian , Wu Qian , Zhou Xueli
Published: March 2022

Negative Poisson's ratio mechanical metamaterials with typical auxetic behavior have great potential applications in aerospace and flexible electronics. However, the structure and properties of conventional mechanical metamaterials are fixed after fabrication, which greatly limit their applications. In recent years, some progress has been made in combining shape‐memory polymers (SMP) with 4D printing to develop auxetic metamaterials with programmable mechanical properties. Unfortunately the low‐temperature phase change of conventional SMP greatly hinders the further development of 4D printed mechanical metamaterials in the field of high‐temperature and high‐strength service. Here, the high‐performance polymer polyetheretherketone (PEEK) as the printing material is selected and a new mechanical metamaterial is prepared using fused deposition molding technology to program the material structure and properties by designing the structural parameters of the metamaterial mesh structure. In addition, thermal analysis shows that the printed samples have good thermal stability, including a phase change temperature of 170 °C, an initial thermal decomposition temperature greater than 500 °C, and qualified shape memory properties. Combining structural design with the shape memory properties of PEEK, reconfigurable metamaterial structure and properties are realized. Finally, 2D digital mesh structure is designed and fabricated with selective stretching strain positions and a stretchable circuit with constant resistance.
Chiral Aminomethylbinaphthol‐Catalyzed Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Epoxidation of Trisubstituted Acrylonitriles
Authors: Ogino Eri , Kuwano Satoru , Arai Takayoshi
Published: March 2022

Chiral C2‐symmetric 3,3′‐bisaminomethyl‐binaphthol (AMB) is an organocatalyst for the asymmetric epoxidation of trisubstituted acrylonitriles. Using cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) as an oxidant, 3,3′‐bis((R,R)‐2‐phenylethylaminomethyl)‐(R)‐binaphthol (AMB2) catalyzed epoxidation of trans‐2‐aroyl‐3‐arylacrylonitriles at −30 °C to give the chiral epoxides as a single diastereomer with enantioselective manner ranging from 15% ee to 97% ee.

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Iron‐Catalyzed Silylation and Spirocyclization of Biaryl‐Ynones: A Radical Cascade Process toward Silylated Spiro[5.5]trienones
Authors: Chen Fei , Zheng Yang , Yang Hao , Yang Qing‐Yun , Wu Lu‐Yan , Zhou Nengneng
Published: March 2022

Iron‐catalyzed cascade silyl radical addition/6‐exo‐trig cyclization/dearomatization of biaryl ynones has been developed. This approach uses silane as the precursor of silyl radical as well as silylation reagent, 1,10‐phenanthroline as the ligand, andtert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as the oxidant. By employing this tandem process, a series of silylated spiro[5.5]trienones were prepared.

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1,10‐Phenanthroline Copper(I) Complexes with A3 Coupling to Access Allenes for Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Kim Hyun Jo , Lee Ji Eun , Koyyada Ganesh , Lakavathu Mohan , Kim Jae Hong
Published: March 2022

Propargylamines are significant building blocks for the generation of polyfunctional amino analogues, natural products, and pharmacologically active drugs. Herein we report the most straightforward approach is to use 1,10‐phenanthroline copper(I) complexes as a catalyst to promote the (Alkyne‐Alkyne‐Amine) A3 coupling reaction between cyclic secondary amines and two terminal alkynes that generates a ketimine intermediate in situ through hydroamination, which subsequently interacts with the alkenyl copper complex to produce tetrasubstituted propargylamine. In the addition of zinc halide, the propargylamines converted into trisubstituted allenes with up to 90% yield. When Sc(OTf)3 is used to perform the [4+2] cycloaddition reaction with enophile (alkene), the cyclized product obtained in up to 72% yield. On the other hand, the allene was subjected to a metal‐free intermolecular cyclization reaction to produce the highly substituted pyridine derivative, although this provides only up to 30% yield.
Hydrazone and Oxime Olefination via Ruthenium Alkylidenes
Authors: Nasrallah Daniel J. , Zehnder Troy E. , Ludwig Jacob R. , Steigerwald Daniel C. , Kiernicki John J. , Szymczak Nathaniel K. , Schindler Corinna S.
Published: March 2022

We describe the development of an efficient method for the olefination of hydrazones and oximes. The key design approach that enables this transformation is tuning of the energy/polarity of C=N π‐bonds by employing heteroatom functionalities (NR2, OR). The resulting hydrazones or oximes facilitate olefination with ruthenium alkylidenes. Through this approach, we show that air‐stable, commercially available ruthenium alkylidenes provide access to functionalized alkenes (20 examples) in ring‐closing reactions with yields up to 88 %.
Integrated Ring‐Chain Design of a New Fluorinated Ether Solvent for High‐Voltage Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhou Tianhong , Zhao Yan , El Kazzi Mario , Choi Jang Wook , Coskun Ali
Published: March 2022

Ether‐based electrolytes offer promising features such as high lithium‐ion solvation power and stable interface, yet their limited oxidation stability impedes application in high‐voltage Li‐metal batteries (LMBs). Whereas the fluorination of the ether backbone improves the oxidative stability, the resulting solvents lose their Li+‐solvation ability. Therefore, the rational molecular design of solvents is essential to combine high redox stability with good ionic conductivity. Here, we report the synthesis of a new high‐voltage fluorinated ether solvent through integrated ring‐chain molecular design, which can be used as a single solvent while retaining high‐voltage stability. The controlled Li+‐solvation environment even at low‐salt‐concentration (1 M or 2 M) enables a uniform and compact Li anode and an outstanding cycling stability in the Li|NCM811 full cell (20 μm Li foil, N/P ratio of 4). These results show the impact of molecular design of electrolytes towards the utilization of LMBs.
Generation and Release of OH Radicals from the Reaction of H2O with O2 over Soot
Authors: He Guangzhi , Ma Jinzhu , Chu Biwu , Hu Renzhi , Li Hao , Gao Meng , Liu Yuan , Wang Yonghong , Ma Qingxin , Xie Pinhua , Zhang Guoxian , Zeng Xiao Cheng , Francisco Joseph S. , He Hong
Published: March 2022

OH radicals in the air maintain the oxidizing power of the troposphere. A conventional view is that particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere is a major sink of OH radicals, thereby lowering the oxidizing power of atmosphere in the event of high‐level PM. By contrary, our joint experimental/theoretical study reveals a new mechanism for the generation of gaseous OH radicals by carbonaceous soot particles. We show that water and O2 react on carbonaceous surfaces and give rise to gaseous OH radicals under irradiation. With ample delocalized π electrons, carbonaceous surfaces enable the easy desorption of hydroxyl groups to produce gaseous OH radicals, evidenced by direct observation of the steady generation of OH radicals on a carbonaceous surface. Our results reveal a new chemical mechanism for the production of OH radicals.
Mediating Oxidation of Thioethers with Iodine—A Mild and Versatile Pathway to Trigger the Formation of Peptide Hydrogels
Authors: Nowak Benedikt P. , Schlichter Lisa , Ravoo Bart Jan
Published: March 2022

The development of redox‐triggerable peptide hydrogels poses fundamental challenges, since the highly specific peptide architectures required inevitably limit the versatility of such materials. A powerful, yet rarely applied approach to bypass those barriers is the application of a mediating redox reaction to gradually decrease the pH during hydrogel formation. We report a versatile strategy to trigger the formation of peptide hydrogels from readily accessible acid‐triggerable gelators by generating protons by oxidation of thioethers with triiodide. Adding thiodiglycol as a readily available thioether auxiliary to the basic precursor solution of a peptide gelator efficiently yielded hydrogels after mixing with triiodide, as studied in detail for Nap‐FF and demonstrated for other peptides. Furthermore, incorporation of the thioether moiety in the gelator backbone via the amino acid methionine, as shown for the tailormade Nap‐FMDM peptide, reduces the number of required additives.
The Iran nuclear deal: A Bionian commentary
Authors: Alisobhani Afsaneh Kiany
Published: March 2022

The threat of a nuclear war became more evident when President Trump walked away from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action—the Iran nuclear deal. The agreement, reached between Iran and the P5+1 (The United States, Britain, China, France, Russia, and Germany) in 2015, was the most important nonproliferation agreement in decades. In this paper, the author provides a detailed history of the relationship between Iran and the United States starting with the Central Intelligence Agency's covert Operation Ajax in 1953 that led to the overthrow of Dr. Mohammad Mossadegh, the democratically elected prime minister of Iran. The impact of the United States' role in the Iran–Iraq war as well as President Bush's declaration of Iran as a part of the “Axis of Evil” will be discussed in the context of the present situation. The challenges facing the Biden administration in negotiating with Iran will be explored, given the past and current chasm between Iran and the United States. The author draws on Wilfred Bion's model of the mind and offers a perspective on the unconscious group dynamics present in the current geopolitical climate around the threat of the impasse, or possible collapse of the negotiations, in reviving the nuclear deal between Iran and the United States. The paradoxes and dilemmas faced by both parties will be examined through the vertex of Bion's concept of the container/contained, and the significance of the “function of linking” as the foundation of psychic existence.
Ratiometric fluorimetric and colorimetric probe for sensing and imaging pH changes in living cells
Authors: Wei Zhiwen , Jia Juan , Gong Yige , Wang Yandan , Niu Weifen
Published: March 2022

Cell, enzyme, and tissue activity in living organisms are closely related to intracellular pH. Detecting the changes of intracellular pH is important to understanding the physiological and pathological changes in the process of crucial cell metabolism. A pH probe (HTBI) based on hemicyanine was synthesized. The probe solution displayed a marked colour change from yellow to amaranth with the pH increase from neutral to basic; simultaneously, the emission spectra showed a significant red shift. The probe exhibited a ratiometric fluorescence emission (F586nm/F542nm) characteristic of pKa8.82. As expected, HTBI exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity for pH, fine photostability, reversibility, and low cytotoxicity. Therefore, it would be a very useful tool for measuring the intracellular pH changes.
Application of a luminous intensity variation fluorescent probe for the detection of ferric ions
Authors: Duan Ning , Guo Feng , Deng Bing , Yang Shaoxiang , Tian Hongyu , Sun Baoguo
Published: March 2022

A luminous intensity variation fluorescent probe (Probe 1) for the detection of ferric ion was developed. The quantitative range of Fe3+ content detected was 0–600 μM with the limit of detection at 0.76 μM. Furthermore, after 20 min of Fe3+ addition, the intensity of the luminescence of Probe 1 solution gradually decreased with increase in Fe3+ concentration. In addition, the B and G values of these images showed a linear relationship with Fe3+ concentration (0–500 μM). Probe 1 was successfully used for the rapid determination of Fe3+ concentration in real samples. This study demonstrates that Probe 1 is an excellent tool for the rapid determination of Fe3+ content in real samples using a smart phone without professional equipment.
Predictor variables of mental health in the Spanish population confined by COVID‐19
Authors: Robles‐Bello María Auxiliadora , Sánchez‐Teruel David , Valencia Naranjo Nieves , Sohaib Lorabi
Published: March 2022

Background

Drastic changes in the lifestyle of individuals have been caused by coronarivus SARS‐CoV‐2 with lethal effects associated with COVID‐19, which acts as a stressor for the population with adverse effects on mental health status. The aim was to identify which sociodemographic variables and psychological factors predict psychological disorders in the general Spanish population.

Methods

The sample consisted of 699 people exposed to a confinement situation, where 402 (57.51%) were women and 297 (42.49%) were men, between 18 and 73 years old (M = 27.79; SD = 12.68). Different sociodemographic and psychological variables were assessed to see if they predicted levels of anxiety and depression.

Results

The results identify the predictive capacity of some sociodemographic risk variables such as sex (β = .144; IC95% = 1.341–3.376) and living with people who are ill with COVID‐19 (β = .088; IC95% = 1.157–6.785), as well as protective factors such as self‐efficacy (β = −.126; IC95% = −0.282–0.066) and hope (β = −.429; IC95% = −0.591–0.408) in mental health. In predicting anxiety levels, self‐efficacy and hope are protective factors, especially when living with people in essential services. In levels of depression, only hope is considered a protective factor in people living with patients infected by COVID‐19.

Conclusions

This study is the first to advance in the understanding of sociodemographic and psychological variables in a Spanish sample subjected to the stressful and traumatic effects of the SARS‐CoV‐2 viral agent.