bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FEATURES OF MEDIATIZATION OF THE SOCIO-POLITICAL SPHERE IN MODERN UKRAINIAN SOCIETY
Authors: VELICHKOVSKYI Ruslan Vladyslavovych
Published: October 2023

This scientific article is devoted to the study of the features of mediatization of the socio-political sphere in modern Ukrainian society. Using methodological approaches, the author proposes to clarify the main theoretical principles underlying the study of mediatization.The article identifies and classifies the key factors that influence the process of mediatization in Ukrainian society. Special attention is paid to the impact of the Internet, information warfare, media space and “new media” on the socio-political sphere.Applying content analysis of reports of analytical centers of Ukraine, the author identifies and systematizes specific signs of mediatization of Ukrainian society. Analyzing these features, the article examines the impact of mediatization on the socio-political landscape of the country and identifies potential challenges and opportunities that arise in connection with this process. It has been proven that the progress of the technical component of the mediatization process entails both the emergence of new opportunities and significant threats to national security. It was established that the development of “new mass media” leads to a gradual increase in the role of messengers as sources of reliable information and the displacement of other (non-digital) ways of information dissemination. Initiatives unrelated to state intervention and self-regulation mechanisms in the information sphere are singled out as one of the most effective means of combating disinformation.The final part of the article provides recommendations regarding state regulation of the mediatization process in Ukrainian society. The author reveals the essence of the institution of public diplomacy as a potential means of strengthening national security in the context of the information society. The author points to the need for effective regulation, balanced protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens in the media environment, and also emphasizes the importance of developing media literacy among the population. The article offers a valuable contribution in the context of understanding the process of mediatization of the socio-political sphere in Ukrainian society and provides practical recommendations aimed at ensuring the sustainable development of this process.Keywords: Inte
Provisional Life Expectancy Estimates for 2022
Authors: Arias Elizabeth , Kochanek Kenneth , Xu Jiaquan , Tejada-Vera Betzaida
Published: October 2023

This report provides health data from the National Center for Health Statistics.
Genre-Based Approach and Digital Flashcard: Enhancing Pre-service English Teacher Students’ Speaking Capability
Authors: Ramadhan Rizki , Dibdyaningsih Haris , Sudarso Hendra
Published: October 2023

In 2020, the Ministry of Education and Culture of Indonesia published the newest curriculum, Kurikulum Merdeka, which demands EFL teachers implement a genre-based approach during teaching and learning. In response to this call, this research aimed to investigate the implementation of a genre-based approach to enhance EFL pre-service English teacher students’ speaking ability. This research employed classroom action research to investigate whether the approach could improve students’ speaking ability. This research was conducted at STKIP Al Hikmah Surabaya, and the participants of the research were selected through purposive sampling. In order to answer the research questions, the researcher used a post-test, an interview, a questionnaire, and an observation as data collection techniques. Furthermore, the interactive data analysis model proposed by Miles and Huberman was implemented to analyze the data. The study concluded that the genre-based approach can improve EFL pre-service English teacher students' capability in speaking. The pre-service English teacher students’ significant enhancement in their speaking capability is exhibited by the generic structure of the descriptive text, such as the social function, the organization, and grammatical features. All informants could fulfill relatively all parts, which is fundamental to composing a descriptive text.
Youtube Videos As Learning Media:A Review In EFL Contexts
Authors: Audina Ira Putri , Suwastini Ni Komang Arie , Jayantini I Gusti Agung Sri Rwa , Dantes Gede Rasben , Rusnalasari Zulidyana Dwi
Published: October 2023

YouTube has become one of the most visited social media globally. Its saturation in students' lives has triggered experiments and observations on the use of YouTube as learning media. This article discusses the use of YouTube videos to teach English language skills using George's literature review model. The databases for selecting the articles used as the data source in this study were Google scholar and ERIC. The relevant articles were published in reputable international journals and nationally accredited journals in the past ten years. Studies on the use of YouTube videos as a teaching medium indicate that using YouTube videos can improve students' listening, reading, speaking, and writing skills and solve their problems in mastering the skills. Furthermore, YouTube videos have been proven to help students solve their grammar difficulties and increase their vocabulary. YouTube videos are also agreed to have kept the students more interested, motivated, and enthusiastic towards English language learning. These results imply that relevant YouTube videos can provide good learning media for supporting students' learning of English as a Foreign Language.
Asset-based Approach Community Service for Developing Digital Textbook in Secondary Language (L2) Teacher Education
Authors: Izzati Madjid Hilda , Safriani Afida , Rakhmawati
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Service learning embedded in the course plays a vital role in transforming theoretical knowledge into practical one. It provides students with the concept and brings them in contextualizing their concept that they have already learned in the classroom. This study explores the process of enacting service learning using asset-based approach to university-community engagement. This study employed multiple data sets from observation, semi-structured interviews with teachers and principles, focused group discussion with students, and students’ products of digital textbooks. The findings revealed that service learning using the asset-based approach empowered all the stakeholders and contributed to emergence of the equitable partnership between university and community. The students’ product of a digital textbook represents collaboration between English teachers, the teacher educator, and the university students who successfully designed learning resources that meet the academic level and interests of students of the school partners.   
Keywords: Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD), Service Learning, Digital learning resources, Digital literacy
Students’ Digital Reading Habits For Digital Academic Text And Their Achievement
Authors: Putra Hadi , Ahmad Erza , Umamah Atik
Published: October 2023

Abstract. The role of digital media is much useful for contributing to creating reading habits through the benefit of technology. Technology has grown up these days, the young generation is living a life in the modern area, where they could get their education everywhere not bound to a classroom. That’s the way the promoting of to create a literate society or reading habit in this modern era is might be important for EFL to study more easily with creating a literate society through reading cause reading is the identification of the symbols and the association of appropriate meaning with them. This study describe about what is the level of students’ digital reading habits for academic text with descriptive quantitative and the correlation between students’ habits in reading digital academic text and their achievement, is there any correlation or not. 95 students who have done with their reading material for academic text in 4th semester, only 39 students were include for this research. 31 item questionnaire was distributed to obtain data about students’ reading habit in digital academic text and their achievements. For the second instrument is based from the final course reading exam. The first result in student’s reading habits in digital academic text have an average result habits in reading or low habits in reading based on the SPSS calculation for the descriptive statistic, it means there are some other aspects of student’s reading habits in this private university by comparing for the previous study. Afterward the researcher analyze the data after collecting it. The data shows that students’ reading habits in digital academic text don’t affect on student achievement, it means that there is no significant correlation between the students’ reading habits in digital academic text and their achievement in the 4th semester at the private university of Malang.
The use of authentic material in English classroom teaching: Indonesian New Curriculum
Authors: Hariri Alfan , Lina Aris Ficayuma
Published: October 2023

The Indonesian current curriculum is derived as operational curriculum for school initiator (KOSP). In language learning, the KOSP focuses on the competences to use the language with six basic skills: listening, reading, speaking and writing, with addition Watching and presenting. “watching and presenting” skills is to accommodate the receptive skill from the video and productive skill through media content such as YouTube, Instagram, Tik Tok etc. The KOSP uses genre-based approach in language teaching that emphasizes on the contextual applicable use of the language. with four main activities: Building knowledge of the text, Modelling of the text, Joint construction of the text and Independent construction of the text. In addition, this paper explores about the use of authentic material and its advantages in language learning classroom. Furthermore, the paper presented some example about the use of authentic material in implementing KOSP specifically for basic English in Junior and senior high school. The first authentic material is students’ photograph to teach recount text where the students tell about the photograph either in written and oral. The second authentic material is students’ realia to teach descriptive text.
Changes in Membrane Lipid Order of Cells by Optimized Microplasma Irradiation for High-Molecule Drug Absorption
Authors: Rimi Sadia Afrin , Kristof Jaroslav , Alam Md Jahangir , Oishi Kyohei , Okada Takumi , Sadiq Abubakar Hamza , Shimizu Kazuo
Published: October 2023

Microplasma-based drug delivery, particularly transdermal drug delivery, has emerged as a promising alternatives to conventional methods due to its unique advantages. In this system, plasma components interact not only with the stratum corneum but also with the cells beneath it. Cell membranes mainly comprise lipids which are highly susceptible to plasma components, including reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. However, the effects of microplasma irradiation on cell membrane lipids are largely unexplored. In this context, the current study investigated an important physical property of cell membranes, membrane lipid order, in small intestinal epithelial cells after microplasma irradiation. First, the microplasma irradiation condition was optimized for the intracellular delivery of high molecular weight molecules, namely fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FD-150 and FD-2000). Air microplasma discharge was applied at varying voltages (i.e., 3.5, 4.0, and 4.5 kV), and the efficiency of drug absorption was evaluated using a microplate reader and a fluorescence microscope. The cell viability was calculated using an automated cell counter. The most favorable outcomes in terms of both drug absorption and cell viability were achieved at 4 kV. Next, the membrane lipid order of cells was investigated using a solvatochromic dye after microplasma irradiation at 4 kV. Interestingly, non-irradiated cells exclusively manifested the liquid-ordered phase, whereas irradiated cells displayed a dual-phased composition comprising both liquid-ordered and liquid-disordered phases. In addition, live-cell imaging unveiled that alterations in membrane lipid order commenced as early as 4 min post-irradiation. This evidence points to a significant reduction in lipid packing and membrane thickness induced by microplasma irradiation. The findings shed light on the intricate mechanism underlying cellular drug absorption facilitated by microplasma irradiation. The insights gained into the impact on membrane lipid properties will contribute to developing safe and efficient drug delivery systems while minimizing side effects.
Evaluation of distributed fibre optic sensors in structural concrete
Authors: Janiak Till , Becks Henrik , Camps Benjamin , Classen Martin , Hegger Josef
Published: October 2023

In civil engineering, the analysis and characterisation of structural phenomena is key for the deviation of mechanical models and strongly depends on experimental studies. For this reason, the development of new measurement techniques plays a crucial role in research to allow capturing the mechanical behaviour of structures. In this context, distributed fibre optic sensing (DFOS) gained attention during the last years. Advantageous properties such as minimal invasiveness and quasi-continuous strain measurement enable new possibilities in structural monitoring. DFOS is able to sense minimal strain variations, yet this often results in recording unwanted anomalies. Thus, to generate the best results from raw measurement data, it is crucial to use a robust and reliable post-processing procedure. In order to meet this requirement, the software solution FOS Evaluator was developed using the Python programming language, targeting the most important aspects that may occur when using DFOS. Those aspects comprise a high data volume, disturbances and anomalies in the measured data and the necessity to carry out calculations with acquired data sets. In this paper, functionality and background of FOS Evaluator are presented and discussed. Furthermore, several methods for post-processing and evaluating DFOS measurements are presented, consisting of multiple functions for reducing, cleaning, or smoothing strain data, and calculating various mechanical properties from filtered measurements. Finally, the functional scope of FOS Evaluator is illustrated by various application examples in structural concrete.
Memoria corporal de excombatientes en el eje cafetero: del cuerpo adiestrado para el conflicto armado al cuerpo reconciliado: habeas corpus
Authors: Duque Ossa Lina Marcela , Vanegas García José Hoover , Medrano Benavides Jose Luis
Published: October 2023

El conflicto armado ocurre desde, con y por los cuerpos, lo que trae secuelas sobre la salud de los excombatientes y el desarrollo de su ruta de reintegración. Este artículo presenta hallazgos sobre las experiencias que dejaron huella en los cuerpos de excombatientes y que apenas, logran callar en sus múltiples intentos por olvidarlas. De manera que, reconocer la memoria de la guerra en los cuerpos es necesario para promover modelos de acción psicosocial que mitiguen los impactos del conflicto. Desde el proyecto reconstrucción de la memoria histórica, se realizó una investigación que utilizó herramientas de recolección de datos y análisis de información desde técnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas, que abarcó una muestra de 237 personas del proceso de reintegración regular y especial, que provenían de FARC, AUC, ELN y EPL, así como 35 entrevistas en profundidad, 25 relatos biográficos y 15 grupos focales. La memoria de sus cuerpos demuestra que, si bien fueron adiestrados para el conflicto, luego atraviesan cambios que expresan humanidad, agradecimiento y reconciliación; sobreponiéndose a su adversidad. La innovación en la concepción de cuerpo reconciliado, habeas corpus, revela el nexo de su recuperación psicosocial para la reconciliación, tornándose primordial para la política de reintegración nacional.
What’s new for the clinician – summaries of recently published papers (June 2023)
Authors: Yengopal V
Published: October 2023

There has been a huge increase in the number of adolescents and young adults on fixed orthodontic treatment for periods longer than 1 year. Often the desired outcome of having a perfectly aligned set of teeth has been marred by the significant increase in the presence of white spot lesions (WSLs). These lesions are commonly observed on the labial surfaces of the maxillary incisors adjacent to the brackets, thus jeopardising the final aesthetic result of the treatment and having limited chances of improvement even after the orthodontic appliances are removed.1 The incidence and prevalence of WSLs during multibracketed fixed orthodontic treatment are relatively high with a wide range, and the problem is quite alarming for the orthodontists and patients.1 Patients with multibracketed fixed orthodontic appliances have been considered to be at moderate to high risk for caries and various preventive strategies have been examined to prevent the development of WSLs, among which topical fluorides have been studied widely and found to be efficacious in reducing the incidence of WSLs around the brackets.1 Among the various forms of topical fluorides studied, varnishes are deemed critical for preventing the WSL formation. The efficacy of topical fluoride varnishes has been established through multiple systematic reviews1 with a preventive fraction of about 43% and 37% in permanent and primary dentitions respectively, compared with that in the placebo or no treatment.
Driving oral-health transformation in South Africa: The need for a roadmap to implementing the WHO Resolution
Authors: Wood Neil
Published: October 2023

The World Health Assembly’s adoption of the Resolution on oral health in 2021 was a turning point in the worldwide effort to advance oral health outcomes. The resolution underlines the significance of promoting oral health, integrating oral health care within the primary health-care system, and ensuring universal coverage, shifting the paradigm from a curative to a preventive approach. In this editorial, a prospective action plan is explored that would include a national oral health survey, short-, medium-, and long-term goals, as well as appropriate regulations and procedures to fulfill the WHO’s 2030 target. With the roll-out of the National Health Insurance (NHI) bill, complying with these resolutions are becoming more important and urgent.
Learning experiences of undergraduate first-year dental and oral hygiene students at a South African dental university
Authors: Morule Mpho , Bhayat Ahmed , Kruger Candida
Published: October 2023

Students in higher education institutions endure many difficulties which may adversely affect their career choices, learning experience and academic success. Aims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to identify factors contributing to learning experiences of undergraduate dental and oral hygiene students during their first year of study at a South African dental university. DesignCross-sectional design that included quantitative and qualitative data.MethodsAn online questionnaire was used to capture the students’ perceptions towards learning experiences and factors contributing to academic success. The sample consists of 84 first-year dental and oral hygiene students registered in the 2021 academic year. ResultsA total of 59 students responded (70%) and most of them reported to have problems with academic learning, time management, heavy workload and a negative attitude towards online lectures. Problems related to social learning included inability to make friends and lack of participation in university social activities, finances and accommodation. In terms of coping mechanisms, students utilised tutoring classes, sought advice from senior students, watched educational YouTube videos and applied for a study loan or bursary. Students reported to obtain emotional support from friends and family members and adopted a positive attitude resulting in committed self-motivation. ConclusionMost students had challenges with academic and social factors. Students requested they be assisted in time management skills and study skills, in coping mechanisms to deal with a demanding workload and having access to an educational psychologist.
Does providing “Compromised treatment” equate to “Compromised care” or could it be considered “Appropriatech”?
Authors: Sykes Leanne , Kok Jurie , Nethononda Portia T
Published: October 2023

Teeth are sensory structures that play a part in many different aspects of a patient’s life, including mastication, speech, smiling and aesthetics. As such they can affect both their functional and psychosocial wellbeing and quality of life. Unfortunately, these vital components can be lost due to caries, periodontal disease, dental trauma or iatrogenic damage. Dental practitioners should aim to provide treatment that will save and/or restore compromised or diseased teeth whenever possible. This may include direct or indirect restorations, endodontics, periodontal therapy and even reimplantation or autotransplantation in specific cases.1 Despite the wide range of treatment possibilities, oral rehabilitation is often not available, accessible or affordable to all patients.2 To try to “provide treatment for the many”, cost-effective procedures may need to be considered. However, this cost-cutting cannot be achieved by “ignoring sound prosthodontic principles” and needs to have some form of quality control.2 This paper will give a brief review of the controversial cervical margin relocation technique. It will then use this as an example for how a clinician can debate whether the provision of “compromised treatment” equates to inferior care, or if it could be considered appropriate for the given situation. They need to also ensure that the chosen treatment is safe, adheres to evidence-based principles and still provides quality of care.
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation combined with Physiotherapy in the control of Chronic Pelvic Pain: a case report
Authors: Gadelha Bárbara Cristina da Costa Vilar , Maciel Bárbara Gabrielle Morais , Salata Mariana Cecchi , De Lima Milene Soares Nogueira , Olher Rafael Reis , Ribeiro Thaís Gontijo
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION: Chronic Pelvic Pain (CPP) is a non-menstrual pain condition of intense pain that can cause dysfunctions in some aspects such as quality of life, sexual function, among others. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on pain, as well as pelvic floor functionality, sexual dysfunction and quality of life in a patient with CPP. METHODS AND MATERIALS: This is a case report of patients with significant CPP who underwent tDCS for 5 consecutive days, targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLFPC) at 2mA for 20 minutes, in combination with physiotherapy. Pain scales, a sexual function questionnaire, pelvic floor muscle function and quality of life measures were used for evaluation. RESULTS: There was a 62.06% improvement in pain intensity and a 22.91% improvement in pain interference. The average pain score decreased from 10 at the start of the intervention (D0) to 3 in the first week (D1) and 6 in the second week (D2) of post-intervention menstruation. Regarding sexual function, the results were 31.2 at D0, 31.8 at D1 and 29.3 at D2. Improvement was observed in pelvic floor muscle strength, endurance, and repetitions at D1 and D2, although there was a decrease in strength compared to D2. The average scores for domains of quality of life were as follows: physical (55.95), psychological (59.72), social relationships (69.44) and environment (82.29). CONCLUSION: tDCS positively affected pain management and pelvic floor muscle function in the patient. However, there were no significant gains observed in other domains.
Enhancing surface properties and corrosion resistance of API 5L X52 steel through orthogonal ball burnishing
Authors:   Research Laboratory of Advanced Technology in Mechanical Production (LRATPM), Mechanical Eng. Dept., Faculty of Technology, Badji Mokhtar-Annaba University, Algeria, Belabend Selma , Hamadache Hamid ,   Research Laboratory of Advanced Technology in Mechanical Production (LRATPM), Mechanical Eng. Dept., Faculty of Technology, Badji Mokhtar-Annaba University, Algeria, Phamdonhat Quang ,   SARL AVACRISTAL, 12 Latham Beau Séjour, 23000 Annaba, Algeria
Published: October 2023

Surface engineering involves using various technologies to modify the surface and near-surface areas of a material to enable it to perform different functions from the bulk of the material. Two primary methods of surface engineering are surface coatings and surface modification. Orthogonal ball burnishing is a process that improves certain surface integrity properties of materials through superficial plastic deformation. This study focuses on the effect of this treatment and the influence of its parameters on the physico-geometric surface characteristics of API 5L X52 steel. Burnishing tests were conducted with four main parameters: burnishing force (Py), feed rate (f), spindle speed (N), and number of passes (i). The analysis revealed an appropriate combination of burnishing parameters that led to a 98% reduction in surface roughness and a 42% increase in surface microhardness. A multi-objective optimization of roughness and microhardness after burnishing yielded optimal parameters. Furthermore, a multifactorial experimental design demonstrated that corrosion resistance increased by 318%.
Influence of patients’ life priorities on the formation of attitudes toward the organization of medical care provided in outpatient settings
Authors: Martirosov Aram V. , Karailanov Mikhail G. , Cherkasov Sergey N. , Fedyaeva Anna V. , Moroz Irina N.
Published: October 2023

This study analyzed the influence of patients life priorities through an anonymous questionnaire survey of 486 patients regarding their attitudes toward the organization of medical care provided in outpatient settings. During the survey, the examinees must arrange the proposed priorities in a hierarchical order of decreasing importance in relation to oneself. The main group (standard life prioritiesthe number of coincidences of individual life priorities among all structures was 3) included 231 people. The control group (without standard life prioritiesthe number of coincidences of these individual life priorities among all structures was 3) included 255 people. Despite the same integral assessments of the activities of medical organizations providing medical care in outpatient settings, recognized by the main and control groups, and higher ratings regarding the activities of the city (district) administration for the organization of medical care, patients who have standard life priorities had a higher frequency of claims regarding the organization of activities of individual departments of a polyclinic. Most often, such claims were made on the organization of the laboratory service, district service, and narrow specialists. The structure of life priorities had a certain influence on the attitude toward the criteria for choosing a medical organization. External factors, such as geographical accessibility and good reputation, and internal characteristics of a medical organization, such as the presence of competent specialists and a clear organization of work, were of greater importance to patients with standard life priorities. Professionalism and attention, as the main quality of doctors, were more appreciated by patients with standard life priorities. They also had more confidence in the opinions of real patients, more often trusted their experience of communicating with a doctor, and were less critical of reviews of virtual patients, ratings of doctors on the websites of medical organizations, and information presented in the media. Thus, the analysis of patients life priorities is an urgent task of public health as a potential opportunity for managerial influence.
Epidemiological effectiveness of domestic influenza vaccines in cases with vaccination against a new coronavirus infection in 2022–2023
Authors: Lioznov Dmitry A. , Kuzin Aleksandr A. , Zobov Andrey Е. , Glushakov Ruslan I. , Erofeeva Mariana K. , Stukova Marina А. , Buzitskaya Zhanna V. , Golubtsov Oleg Y.
Published: October 2023

The study presents the results of an epidemiological prospective field cohort study on a comparative assessment of the epidemiological effectiveness of domestic inactivated influenza vaccines and vaccines against new coronavirus infection during immunization of adults aged 18 years. Statistically significant differences were found in the incidence of influenza, acute upper respiratory infections, and new coronavirus infection between the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. The etiologies of cases of acute upper respiratory infections registered in the study participants during the epidemic season of influenza in 2022–2023 were verified. The clinical symptoms of influenza in the vaccinated group were significantly less severe than those in the unvaccinated group. No significant differences were found in the clinical picture of acute upper respiratory infections between the compared groups. Influenza immunoprophylaxis is an urgent problem, which consists of the ability of viruses to change their antigenic structure and avoid immunity, remaining in constant circulation. Thus, the antigenic composition of influenza vaccines must be systematically updated to ensure the formation of effective population immunity. More studies on the etiological spectrum of respiratory pathogens and assessment of the epidemiological effectiveness of vaccination against vaccine-controlled infections in the analyzed groups are needed. Therefore, to assess immunological protection, including the assessment of the epidemiological effectiveness of seasonal vaccines used against influenza and new coronavirus infection, the priority age group includes individuals aged 18–25 years (especially those belonging to organized collectives) and adults with an unfavorable premorbid background. The use of domestic vaccines against influenza and the new coronavirus infection for specific immunoprophylaxis is generally recognized as the most effective sanitary and anti-epidemic (preventive) measure in the morbidity management of several infectious diseases.
Operative approaches for thymectomy: clinical characteristics and classification variant
Authors: Dmitrochenko Ivan V. , Levchenko Evgeny V. , Dzidzava Ilya I.
Published: October 2023

Currently, surgical intervention is the gold standard treatment of thymus tumors. Radical removal of the thymus gland in a single block, including the tumor, adjacent lymph nodes, and surrounding tissue of the anterior mediastinum, is a prerequisite for achieving satisfactory immediate and long-term results. The need for maximum thymectomy together with anterior mediastinal fiber is attributed to the fact that, along with other long-term survival factors (stage of tumor progression and histological subtype of the tumor), 4550% of deaths in the long-term follow-up period are due to the recurrence of thymoma and 1520% are caused by a progressive course of myasthenia gravis. The results of domestic and foreign studies on the implementation of thymectomy from various surgical approaches are analyzed. These include traditional thoracotomy and sternotomy, video-assisted and robot-assisted interventions, and combined operative accesses. The data presented are based on systematic reviews, retrospective cohort studies, clinical cases, and experimental studies using text databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and eLibrary.ru. The clinical characteristics of each operative access are given with an emphasis on technical features and advantages and disadvantages of thymectomy. The immediate results of surgical treatment of patients with thymus gland neoplasms are presented. Additional methods of visualization and physical preparation of anterior mediastinal tissues are described separately, which help increase the safety and effectiveness of surgical intervention. Currently, low-traumatic video-assisted surgical interventions are widely used in thoracic surgery, gradually replacing traditional open operations. Nevertheless, the variety of proposed options for surgical access, lack of clear indications and contraindications to various interventions on the thymus gland, and discrepancies in the use of various terms determine the need to develop a modern classification of surgical accesses for performing thymectomy. Taking into account world literature data and our own experience, a classification of operative accesses for performing thymectomy is proposed.
Deprem Afeti Sonrası Psikososyal Sorunların İyileştirilmesine Yönelik Manevi Müdahaleler
Authors: AKA Muharrem
Published: October 2023

Kahramanmaraş depremleri ve önceki depremlerin sağ kurtulanlar üzerinde derin psikolojik etkiler bıraktığı bilinmektedir. Travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, depresyon, anksiyete, madde kötüye kullanımı, depremzedelerin psikolojik sorunların önde gelenlerindendir. Afet sonrası manevi müdahale yöntem ve teknikleri ile ilgili ulusal literatürde sınırlı sayıda araştırmanın olduğu görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın temel amacı, depremin neden olduğu psikolojik sorunların iyileştirilmesi odağında depremzedelerin sağlıklı başa çıkma becerilerini geliştirmek için manevi yaklaşımları güncel literatür ışığında açıklamaktır. Bu çerçevede dinî ve manevi kaynaklardan yararlanarak işlevsiz, uyumsuz ve yanlış algıları değiştirmek, felaketi öğrenme merkezli olarak değerlendirmek, umut duygusunu güçlendirmek gibi teknikler deprem sonrası yaşanan olumsuz duygularının iyileşmesinde etkili olacaktır. Derleme niteliğinde yapılan çalışma üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde depremin bireyler üzerindeki psikolojik ve sosyal etkileri incelenecek. İkinci bölümde maneviyatın psikolojik iyi oluş üzerindeki etkileri ele alınacak son bölümde ise manevi müdahale tekniklerine yer verilecektir. Böylelikle çalışmanın, manevi destek alanında verilecek hizmetlere kaynaklık etmesine katkı sağlanacaktır.
Current Concepts of Molecular Mechanisms of Age-Related Changes in Eye Lens
Authors: Kiseleva T. N. , Zaitsev M. S.
Published: October 2023

Age-related cataract is the leading cause of vision loss in old people worldwide. According to the World Health Organization it accounts for 47.8 % of the total number of ocular pathologies in people over 50 years old. Despite the rapid development of cataract surgery technology, surgery remains a challenge due to its cost and the increasing number of patients. Literature review is devoted to current concepts of pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms of age-related changes in eye lens. There are the three main theories of cataractogenesis: oxidative stress; the impact of quinoid substances, which are formed due to the impairment of aromatic amino acid metabolism and the activation of aldo reductase enzyme with subsequent accumulation of sorbitol, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, dysfunction of Na+/K+ channels and calcium deregulation causing lens epithelial cells apoptosis. Theories of pathogenesis are linked and based on the development of age-related changes in protein metabolism (the majority of nuclear α-crystallins are insoluble), glucose metabolism (non-enzymatic glycosylation of proteins), lipid metabolism, enzyme activity and the loss of membrane potential of cells ( the increase of Na+ and Ca2+ level and the decrease of K+ level). Key element of all theories of age-related changes in eye lens is the aggregation of high molecular weight proteins covalent-bonded of disulfide linkages. Based on molecular mechanisms of cataractogenesis, the development of pathogenetically oriented medical methods of correction of the age-related changes in lens is carried on. This review provides information on results of experimental and clinical studies which demonstrate the anti-cataract effect of Pirenoxine 0, 005 %.
Treatment Methods Dry Form of Age Macular Degeneration — History and Prospects. Review
Authors: Kulikov A. N. , Zakharov M. V. , Volozhev A. A.
Published: October 2023

Age related macular degeneration is a leading cause of vision loss and an increasing problem of disability throughout the world among adults. That revue covers historical points, risk factors, pathogenesis, classification and current treatment ways of that pathology. The causes of age-related macular degeneration are not fully understood, in spite of keeping a great amount of knowledge at etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and modern types of treatment. The problem of age-related macular degeneration treatment has remained actual nowadays. Now, the medicine doesn’t have etiotropic treatment of AMD, because we still don’t know a definite etiologic factor of this developing disease. The main treatment for wet AMD is the injection of medications called anti-VEGF agents. Currently, treatment of dry age-related macular degeneration includes modification of risk factors (stop smoking, healthy life style and etc) and dietary supplements containing a combination of certain ingredients (vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, copper, and lutein with zeaxanthin or beta-carotene) may be able to slow the progression of the disease. The disadvantage of current treatment methods is a narrow focus at one of the pathogenesis components or using as symptomatic therapy. The analysis of literature date has allowed noticing of using of an extracorporeal hemocorrection as perspective way at exploration of new methods of treatment of dry age-related macular degeneration.
Prospects Using of Colour Doppler Imaging to Study Ocular Hemodynamics in Pregnant Women with Diabetic Retinopathy. Review
Authors: Pomytkina N. V. , Sorokin E. L. , Kolenko O. V.
Published: October 2023

Color Doppler imaging became widespread for study hemodynamics in patients with vascular eyes pathologies. A number of studies have shown changes in ocular blood flow velocity and Doppler indices in patients with diabetes mellitus in both the absence and presence of diabetic retinopathy. With the progression of diabetic retinopathy, an increase in parameters’ changes was revealed, variations in ocular blood flow were studied after conservative treatment, retinal laser photocoagulation, against the background of anti-VEGF therapy. Due to its non-invasiveness, color Doppler imaging is used to assess orbital blood flow in pregnant patients at any gestational age. The works of this direction concern the assessment the changes in orbital blood flow during the physiological course of pregnancy and preeclampsia. However, there is still no information on the state of ocular blood flow in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus, which can serve as a basis for further research.
Prospects for the Use of Monofocal IOLs with Extended Depth of Focus (EDOF) Instead of Traditional Multifocal (Trifocal) IOLs in Cataract Surgery
Authors: Konovalov M. E. , Morenko A. V.
Published: October 2023

Purpose — a literature review of comparative studies of the clinical efficacy of IOLs based on extended depth of focus technology (EDOF) and trifocal IOLs (TFIOLs). Methods. Literature analysis was performed in the international database “PubMed”.The search keywords were “IOL with extended depth of focus (EDOF)”, “Trifocal IOL”, “Contrast sensitivity”, “Aberrometry”, “Defocus curve”. The choice of sources for the review was carried out in accordance with the criteria for prospective or retrospective studies. A total of 158 sources were analyzed, further using systematic review filters and the authors’ knowledge of the topic. The duration of the retrospective analysis was 8 years (2015–2022), some of the considered works were dated 2023. Results. The values of visual acuity for distance, near and at an intermediate distance in both studied groups did not differ significantly. When analyzing the defocusing curve, the preservation of visual acuity under load conditions from +1.0 to +3.0 diopters was determined for both types of IOL, respectively. At the same time, visual acuity was significantly better in the TPIOL group than in the EDOF group in the optical load range from -2.5 to -4.0 diopters. Most studies did not report significant difference between EDOF and TFIOL in terms of contrast sensitivity, the likelihood of postoperative “halo” effects, and “independence” of spectacle correction. The stated provisions are fully consistent with the results of the medical and technical evaluation of EDOF presented in the literature. Conclusion. The development of a new type of EDOF IOL seems to be a promising direction in cataract surgery, especially taking into account the possibility of using patients whose professional activities are associated with long-term visual work at intermediate distances (for example, users of personal computers). Further accumulation of clinical material is required in the context of the role and place of EDOF in the general system of aphakia correction, taking into account the IOL model and the conditions of the patient’s professional visual activity.
Clinical and Diagnostic Efficiency of the Study of the Quality of Life According to the Questionnaires PHEC-22 and Catquest-9SF after Bilateral Cataract Phacoemulsification and Monofocal IOL Implantation
Authors: Neroev V. V. , Ovechkin N. I.
Published: October 2023

Purpose: сomparative clinical and diagnostic efficiency of the quality of life (QОL) according to the PHEC-22 and Catquest-9SF questionnaires after bilateral cataract phacoemulsification and monofocal IOL implantation. Patients and Methods. We observed 148 patients with binocular cataract (mean age 58.6 ± 1.8 years). All patients underwent standard cataract phacoemulsification with implantation of a monofocal IOL. Patients were examined before and after (one month after surgery on the second eye) surgery. The results of the survey on the questionnaires PHEC-22 and Catquest-9SF were evaluated by the general indicator of testing (GIT) as the sum of points for all questions (taking into account the “weight” coefficients in the questionnaire PHEC-22). Along with this, each of the patients underwent a study of binocular BCVA. Results. A statistically significantly higher clinical and diagnostic efficiency of the PHEC-22 questionnaire compared to Catquest-9SF was established, which is confirmed by a higher (by 0.17 rel. units, p < 0.01) level of correlation with BCVA, as well as a higher probability of compliance of the QOL level with the BCVA range, especially at low (0.4 and less rel. units, by 18.5 %, p < 0.01) and medium (0.5–0,8 relative units, by 7.3 %, p < 0.05) values of BCVA, while in the range of BCVA 0.9–1.0 relative units, no significant differences between the questionnaires were found (p > 0.05). Conclusion. The results of a comparative study after bilateral cataract phacoemulsification and monofocal IOL implantation using the PHEC-22 and Catquest-9SF questionnaires revealed a significantly higher clinical and diagnostic efficiency of the PHEC-22 questionnaire, which is associated with the methodological principles for developing a questionnaire based on the “social model” of health with the involvement of expert ophthalmologists and the use of the optimal procedure for scaling the patient’s responses. The results obtained (taking into account clinical normalization) allow us to recommend the PHEC-22 questionnaire for inclusion in the complex diagnosis of patients with cataracts both before and after surgery in solving a number of urgent problems — a comparative assessment of IOL, a study of the effectiveness of methods for postoperative rehabilitation of patients, the choice of the optimal formula for calculating IOL and some others.
A New Diagnostic Method for Ptosis of the Upper Eyelid
Authors: Filatova I. A. , Kondratieva Yu. P. , Shemetov S. A. , Trefilova M. S.
Published: October 2023

Currently, surgical treatment of ptosis of the upper eyelid does not always lead to a good anatomical and physiological result — the frequency of dissatisfaction with the results of treatment is 8–26 %, and repeated operations on the muscle that lifts the upper eyelid are performed in 8.7–18 % cases. An important aspect of the successful treatment of upper eyelid ptosis is the preoperative examination of the patient; however, standard diagnostic methods do not provide complete information about the functional features of the upper eyelid levator. The purpose of the study is to improve the algorithm for preoperative examination of the upper eyelid in ptosis with the study of the contractility and fatigue of the upper eyelid levator. On the basis of the Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases in the period from 2021 to 2022, 63 patients (67 eyes) aged from 5 to 78 years with different types of blepharoptosis admitted for surgical treatment were examined. We have developed a comprehensive dynamometric preoperative assessment of the upper eyelid levator with a study of the contractility and fatigue of this muscle using weights. For comparison and determination of normal parameters, the study was also carried out on paired intact eyes (59 eyes) and in 40 healthy people. Indicators of contractility and fatigue of the levator of the upper eyelid were obtained in normal conditions and with ptosis of the upper eyelid, and differences in these indicators were revealed in congenital and acquired blepharoptosis. With congenital ptosis of the upper eyelid, the contractility and fatigue of the levator of the upper eyelid is low, while with acquired ptosis (senile), the contractility is medium, and fatigue is medium or high. A gradation of the values of contractility and fatigue of the upper eyelid levator in blepharoptosis was developed, on the basis of it an algorithm for choosing a method for surgical correction of upper eyelid ptosis was proposed. The developed method of dynamometric preoperative study of the anatomical and functional features of the upper eyelid levator using weights is a simple and affordable method for objectively assessing the state of contractility and fatigue of the levator, which can improve the efficiency of surgical correction of upper eyelid ptosis.