bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography in Cardiac Surgery: an Observational Study
Authors: Elsherbiny Mona , Abdelwahab Yaser , Nagy Kareem , Mannaa Asser , Hassabelnaby Yasmin
Published: October 2019

AIM: This study is based on the hypothesis that the routine use of transesophageal echocardiography in cardiac surgery will influence the surgical decision taken by the surgeon intra-operatively in Kasr-Alainy hospitals.
METHODS: Patients were examined with intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) before and after cardiopulmonary bypass. Complete and comprehensive intraoperative TEE examinations will be performed by TEE certified cardiac anesthesiologists. Data that will be collected from the intraoperative examination and will be compared with preoperative transthoracic echocardiography, and the surgical decision that was taken preoperatively will be revised again with the cardiothoracic surgeon before the start of surgery. Also, TEE will be used again after weaning from bypass for revision and assessment of our decision.
RESULTS: We examined the utility of TEE in 100 patients undergoing different types of cardiac procedures in Kasr Al-Ainy hospital. This prospective clinical investigation found that the pre- and post-CPB TEE examinations influenced surgical decision making in 10% of all evaluated patients.
CONCLUSION: Intraoperative TEE has the potential to influence clinical decision making for cardiac surgical patients significantly. It is useful in surgical planning, guiding various hemodynamic interventions, and assessing the immediate results of surgery. Thus, IOTEE should be used routinely in all patients undergoing all types of cardiac surgeries.
Coordinate dependent diffusion analysis of phosphorus diffusion profiles in gallium doped germanium
Authors: Kobeleva Svetlana P. , Anfimov Ilya M. , Turutin Andrei V. , Yurchuk Sergey Yu. , Fomin Vladimir M.
Published: October 2019

We have analyzed phosphorus diffusion profiles in an In0.01Ga0.99As/In0.56Ga0.44P/Ge germanium structure during phosphorus co-diffusion with gallium for synthesis of the germanium subcell in multi-junction solar cells.. Phosphorus diffused from the In0.56Ga0.44P layer simultaneously with gallium diffusion into the heavily gallium doped germanium substrate thus determining the specific diffusion conditions. Most importantly, gallium and phosphorus co-diffusion produces two p–n junctions instead of one. The phosphorus diffusion profiles do not obey Fick’s laws. The phosphorus diffusion coefficient DP depth distribution in the specimen has been studied using two methods, i.e., the Sauer–Freise modification of the Boltzmann–Matano method and the coordinate dependent diffusion method. We show that allowance for the drift component in the coordinate dependent diffusion method provides a better DP agreement with literary data. Both methods suggest the DP tendency to grow at the heterostructure boundary and to decline closer to the main p–n junction. The DP growth near the surface p–n junction the field of which is directed toward the heterostructure boundary and its decline near the main p–n junction with an oppositely directed field, as well as the observed DP growth with the electron concentration, suggest that the negatively charged VGeP complexes diffuse in the heterostructure by analogy with one-component diffusion.
Sobrevivência e crescimento de espécies nativas do Cerrado após semeadura direta na recuperação de pastagem abandonada
Authors: de Oliveira Maria Cristina , Leite Jussara Barbosa , da Silva Galdino Olga Porto , Ogata Roberto Shojirou , da Silva Dulce Alves , Ribeiro José Felipe
Published: October 2019

Considerando que estudos sobre a sobrevivência e o crescimento das espécies nativas via semeadura direta nas savanas brasileiras ainda são escassos, este trabalho acrescenta informações para essa técnica com 36 espécies arbóreas nativas do bioma Cerrado com relação a emergência, sobrevivência e crescimento no campo ao longo de três anos. Assim, 11.550 sementes foram semeadas em 2.520 covas, espaçadas 1 × 1 m, em duas áreas de 5.000 m2 cada, em área de pastagem abandonada em solo do tipo Neossolo Regolítico na Fazenda Entre Rios, Distrito Federal, Brasil. Cada cova recebeu de duas a dez sementes de uma espécie, sem qualquer tratamento de quebra de dormência. A taxa de emergência foi avaliada após 120 dias, e a sobrevivência das emergentes após um, dois e três anos. Além disso, seu crescimento em altura foi avaliado após três anos. Das 36 espécies, quatro apresentaram entre 10% e 20% de emergência e quatro (Copaifera langsdorffii, Hymenaea courbaril, Eugenia dysenterica e Stryphnodendron adstringens) acima de 20% e sobrevivência >80%, após um ano. Nesse mesmo período, 24 das espécies testadas apresentaram taxa de sobrevivência >60%. No geral, a taxa média de sobrevivência dos indivíduos nos três anos foi baixa (53%). Devido ao típico crescimento lento em altura observado para os indivíduos das espécies de Cerrado consideradas (média de 10,8 cm em três anos), na recuperação de áreas similares é importante também levar em conta o plantio de outras formas de vida (herbáceas e arbustivas) de espécies nativas, talvez até em densidades mais elevadas, para ocupar mais rapidamente o solo e assim buscar competir com as gramíneas exóticas.
A review of the genus Pelodiaetus Jeannel (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Anillini) of New Zealand, with re-description of the genus, description of a new species, and notes on the evolutionary history
Authors: Sokolov Igor M.
Published: October 2019

On the basis of new morphological data a re-description of the genus Pelodiaetus is provided, a new species of the genus P. nunnisp. nov. (Christchurch, Canterbury, South Island) is described, and P. lewisi Jeannel is proposed as a synonym of P. sulcatipennis Jeannel, syn. nov. A taxonomic key as well as distribution maps for species of Pelodiaetus are provided. Data on comparative morphology and biogeographical aspects of speciation in the genus Pelodiaetus and its morphological relatives from Australia and New Zealand are discussed.
Scènes de violence
Authors: Morel Alexandre
Published: October 2019

À travers le récit clinique de la prise en charge d’une adolescente hospitalisée pour anorexie dans le cadre d’un psychodrame, l’auteur évoque divers aspects de convocation de la violence contre celle que véhicule le symptôme anorexique. Violence de la plongée d’un dispositif qui contraint la patiente à un commerce renouvelé avec l’objet, et violence salutaire de l’enfant dans l’adolescent qui soutient le retournement de la haine de l’auto à l’hétéro-agressivité.
Pierre Rivière, une violence adolescente ?
Authors: Marty François
Published: October 2019

À partir de l’analyse d’un cas d’adolescent matricide, l’auteur envisage ce passage à l’acte criminel comme une impasse du processus pubertaire. La mise en perspective de l’histoire et du droit relatif à la justice des Mineurs permet de saisir l’évolution des conceptualisations psychopathologiques jusqu’à celle de la psychose pubertaire. En entremêlant l’histoire du droit, de la justice et de la psychiatrie, l’auteur propose une lecture du fait psychique étendu au contexte dans lequel il s’insère.
Psychopathie, passage à l’acte et destructivité de l’objet
Authors: Houssier Florian , Chagnon Jean-Yves
Published: October 2019

En explorant certaines qualités primaires d’un lien sécure, nous repérons a contrario ce qui vient entraver la capacité à traverser le processus adolescent ; nous articulons ce propos à la situation clinique de Joshua, un adolescent souffrant de psychopathie. Les passages à l’acte itératifs de cet adolescent suggèrent l’hypothèse d’un délire contenu par les violences rejouant une scène primitive traumatique.
Transidentité et adolescence, double violence ?
Authors: Poirier Fanny , Rosenblum Ouriel
Published: October 2019

La visibilité des enfants et adolescent.e.s transgenres s’est fortement accrue ces dernières années. Elle pose la question de l’articulation entre transidentité et processus adolescent. Nous proposons dans cet article une réflexion sur cette intrication. Nous mettons également en perspective la « souffrance psychique » de l’adolescent.e avec les potentielles violences extérieures du socius , de l’approche psycho-médicale et de nos présupposés théoriques.
La coopération de défense franco-américaine dans le domaine de l'espace extra-atmosphérique
Authors: Hainaut Béatrice
Published: October 2019

Résumé La France partage avec les États-Unis le constat d'un espace extra-atmosphérique surpeuplé, contesté et faisant l'objet d'une forte concurrence. Grâce aux progrès capacitaires réalisés par la France, les deux puissances spatiales ont initié une coopération en matière de surveillance de l'espace. Au-delà du technique, cette «ˆconvergence politiqueˆ» s'est réalisée à la faveur d'autres facteurs, d'ordre normatif, politique, cognitif et fonctionnel. La coopération bilatérale s'est depuis institutionnalisée et son périmètre élargi en portant sur la définition des normes de comportement dans l'espace. Si la légitimité politique et juridique de cette coopération est questionnée dans l'article, son efficacité reste encore à démontrer.
La coopération militaire franco-allemande et la défense européenne après le Brexit
Authors: Deschaux-Dutard Delphine
Published: October 2019

Résumé La coopération militaire européenne, inscrite dans le cadre de la Politique de sécurité et de défense commune (PSDC), a connu ces dernières années une importante relance. Cet article se propose d'analyser le rôle majeur joué par la coopération bilatérale franco-allemande dans l'approfondissement de la coopération militaire au niveau européen, en s'appuyant sur un double critère de légitimité et d'efficacité. Après avoir exploré les ressorts historiques, opérationnels et symboliques de cette coopération, l'article interrogera la question de son efficacité au sein de la coopération militaire européenne et de la PSDC, en soulevant également ses limites récurrentes.
La diversification des partenariats de sécurite du japon : des coopérations légitimes et efficaces ?
Authors: Pajon Céline
Published: October 2019

Résumé Le Japon a adopté une approche «ˆmulticoucheˆ» pour ses coopérations de défense, organisant autour de son alliance centrale avec Washington des partenariats stratégiques flexibles et peu institutionnalisés. La légitimité de ces coopérations repose d'une part sur le partage et la défense de valeurs libéralesˆ; d'autre part sur une démarche de contrepoids face à la Chine et un effort pour garder les États-Unis engagés en Asie. L'efficacité de ces coopérations de défense doit être mesurée à l'aune de leur principal objectif, de nature politiqueˆ: poursuivre la normalisation militaire de Tokyo et faire avancer ses intérêts dans l'Indopacifique. Le Japon bénéficie aujourd'hui d'un large réseau de partenaires et ses coopérations de défense apparaissent dans une grande mesure à la fois légitimes et efficaces.
La coopération internationale, clé de voûte de la diplomatie militaire de la France
Authors: Schlumberger Guillaume
Published: October 2019

Résumé La France est une « puissance européenne aux responsabilités et aux intérêts globaux » ( Revue stratégique de défense et de sécurité nationale de 2017, p. 88). Ainsi, la coopération internationale est un enjeu majeur de la diplomatie militaire nationale : elle permet à la France de faire face aux multiples défis sécuritaires rencontrés, consécutifs à l'émergence d'un monde multipolaire. La Direction générale des relations internationales et de la stratégie (DGRIS) du ministère des Armées contribue à cette diplomatie militaire et œuvre à la régénération des chercheurs français sur les questions de défense et de stratégie.
La coopération structurelle de sécurité et de défense du XXI e siècle
Authors: Brousse Didier
Published: October 2019

Résumé Découlant de ses livres blancs et de sa politique étrangère, la prise en compte globalisée des enjeux de sécurité et de défense a conduit la France à repenser l'organisation de sa coopération sécuritaire, qui distingue la coopération opérationnelle (actions et exercices) de la coopération structurelle (renforcement capacitaire). La Direction de la coopération de sécurité et de défense, en charge du volet structurel, est une composante essentielle de la diplomatie française. Son intégration au sein des Affaires étrangères traduit un souci de cohérence dans la conduite des actions de coopération bilatérale et multilatérale avec les ministères partenaires, au service d'une déclinaison française de la réforme des systèmes de sécurité.
La construction de l'Europe de la défense : dur mais juste chemin vers l'indépendance
Authors: Dumas Françoise
Published: October 2019

Résumé L'Europe de la défense, déjà évoquée par le passé, redevient une ambition majeure. De nouvelles menaces et un nouvel équilibre des forces exigent aujourd'hui une réponse coordonnée à l'échelle européenne. Si les coopérations industrielles constituent la première étape de sa construction, elles ne peuvent être réellement efficaces sans une coopération stratégique renforcée entre les États membres. Alors que nous, Européens, possédons aujourd'hui les moyens humains et matériels pour assurer notre indépendance et notre souveraineté, certains obstacles entravent encore notre unité en matière de sécurité et de défense. Nous proposons, dans cet article, une voie pour les dépasser.
Hénin-Beaumont, rue du Docteur Laennec : un établissement rural de la fin de La Tène finale et du Haut-Empire au lieu-dit « Les Seize »
Authors: Merkenbreack Vincent , Afonso-Lopes Élisabeth
Published: October 2019

Au lieu-dit « les Seize », rue du Docteur Laennec à Hénin-Beaumont, une fouille préventive a mis au jour sur plus de 1 ha, une partie d’une villa gallo-romaine. Cette exploitation agricole pourrait poursuivre une occupation de la fin de La Tène finale et son occupation s’étend jusqu’au iii e s. ap. J.-C. La villa s’étend en dehors de l’emprise fouillée vers le nord essentiellement, mais également vers l’est et l’ouest et devait couvrir au minimum une assiette comprise entre 1,5 et 2 ha, ce qui la place parmi les fermes de taille moyenne. La taille de certains bâtiments, greniers et séchoir, témoigne de productions importantes.
Tourcoing, « Rue de Tournai ». Habitat et artisanat de la laine peignée à la période moderne
Authors: Gomes Manuel , Barbieux José , Duchemin Jean-Patrick , Montembault Véronique , Oueslati Tarek
Published: October 2019

L’opération a rchéologique menée « rue de Tournai », dans le centre historique de la ville de Tourcoing, a mis au jour une occupation urbaine typique du Nord à la période moderne : unités d’habitations étroites, installées en front de rue et inscrites dans un parcellaire laniéré. Les différents arguments apportés par la stratigraphie et le mobilier montrent que les premières fondations ne sont pas antérieures à la fin du xv e s. Structures et mobilier artisanaux se superposent aux éléments plus classiques caractérisant les sites urbains de la région. Sur le territoire du village drapier du Moyen Âge, puis de la ville-atelier que devient Tourcoing au xvi e s., il n’est ainsi pas étonnant qu’une partie des structures et du matériel archéologique mis au jour soit en lien avec des activités textiles. La présence conjointe des cuvelles, des puits et des ruisselets de surface en pierre et briques prouve que le lavage des laines est pratiqué sur place. Les réchauds en céramique brisés et des tiges de peignes tordues attestent que le peignage des laines longues est une activité ouvrière artisanale, pratiquée de façon pérenne sur le site depuis le milieu du xvi e s. au moins. En pleine conformité avec les connaissances historiques, l’ensemble des données permet de dresser le profil socioprofessionnel des occupants du site, qui sont très vraisemblablement des marchands-peigneurs. Si la vaisselle semble peu caractéristique de ce point de vue, la présence des plombs d’authenticité des draps de qualité marque le train de vie relativement aisé des résidents au xvi e s. De plus, l’abondance des jetons au sein de l’assemblage monétaire pointe clairement la nécessité d’une gestion commerciale, impliquant le comptage des capitaux et des marchandises.
O governo Bolsonaro contra os Povos Indígenas: as garantias constitucionais postas à prova
Authors: Tourneau François-Michel Le
Published: October 2019

Com a chegada ao poder de uma força política ultraconservadora, a questão dos direitos fundiários dos povos indígenas do Brasil está colocada de novo em questão. Apesar das garantias dadas pela Constituição de 1988, o governo do Jair Bolsonaro tem de fato explicitamente dito que almejava travar toda nova demarcação de terra indígena e rever, se for possível, as que já foram homologadas. Neste grave quadro, o objeto deste artigo é, em primeiro lugar, de resumir o que está em jogo, lembrando da repartição das terras indígenas no Brasil e recapitulando os fundamentos jurídicos que as sustentam. Em segundo lugar analisamos o contexto ideológico do governo atual em relação a povos indígenas e as medidas tomadas desde a sua posse em janeiro de 2019. Finalmente, propomos cenários para o futuro, do mais ao menos otimista, tentando identificar as futuras linhas de fratura que irão aparecer a curto e médio prazo.
Design of Timber Single-Span Beam with Steel Reinforcement
Authors: Boytemirov Farid A. , Koroteev Dmitry D. , Kharun Makhmud
Published: October 2019

Vital problem, occurring in the operation process of structures such as timber beams, is the increase of their bearing capacity and span length with keeping their height. One of the possible ways to solve this problem is steel reinforcement of such structures. The aim of the research work is to show possibility of increasing bearing capacity of single-span reinforced timber beams and develop the main points of calculation and design of such structures. The beam is reinforced symmetrically by 2 rods d28 with both sides with Ar=24.63 cm2 (4d28 A300). The reinforcement is placed in compressed and stretched areas. Reinforced timber structures are designed on two groups of limit conditions. Design on the first limit condition (normal and tangential stress) is made using geometric characteristics of rectangular section of reinforced timber beam. Design on the second limit condition is made taking onto account the timber elastic nodule and inertia moment for reinforced timber beam. The main features of joint work of timber and reinforcement, which can increase operation reliability of bearing structures, are shown in the research work.
Surface Modification of Steel by Anodic Plasma Electrolytic Boronitriding and Polishing
Authors: Kusmanov Sergei A. , Belkin Vasiliy , Kusmanova Irina
Published: October 2019

The paper shows the possibility of plasma electrolytic polishing of the steel surface after its chemical-thermal treatment. Positive results of the plasma electrolytic polishing are obtained for low carbon steel after its anodic plasma electrolytic boronitriding. An X-ray diffractometer and a scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the phase composition of the modified layer and its surface morphology. Surface roughness was studied with the use of a roughness tester. The hardness of the treated and untreated samples was measured using a microhardness tester. Corrosion properties of the samples treated surfaces were evaluated using potentiodynamic polarisation tests in solution of sodium chloride. The reduction of the surface roughness of 1.7 times and the corrosion current density of 1.5 times of boronitrided steel by plasma polishing using mode of current interruption for 2 min without changing the structure of the diffusion layers is shows.
Moisture-Density Relationship of Bottom Ash, Lime Stabilized Bangkok Clay as a Potential Pavement Material in Thailand
Authors: Bhurtel Akanksha , Eisazadeh Amin
Published: October 2019

Expansive clayey soils like Bangkok clay can shrink and swell with water contact. Therefore, the presence of such soils tends to damage the road conditions with a higher frequency of rainfall in Thailand. The presence of expansive clayey soil has brought the concept of stabilization of such roads with any other stronger materials. This paper shows the test results on the moisture-density relationship of bottom ash and lime stabilized Clayey soil to use as a pavement material in Thailand. In this study, a waste material produced from coal combustion called bottom ash was used as a replacement material and quicklime as a binding material. During the tests 10%, 20%, 30% and 50% bottom ash and 4%, 8%,12% Lime were used. The result shows a decrease in Maximum Dry Density and increase in Optimum Moisture Content with an increase in each amount of replacement material.
Structural Effect of Using Steel Fiber Reinforcement on the Punching Shear of Self-Compacting Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SCFRC) Ribbed Slabs
Authors: Fodzi Nurulain Hanida Mohamad , Hisbany M.H. Mohd
Published: October 2019

—Ribbed slab is an ideal structure for architects and contractors. It has an attractive soffit appearance and also giving economical value when it is come in weight and material saving. Placing and finishing of concrete slab normally influence about 30% - 35% of overall cost of flooring system. Ribbed slab or also known as one-way joist slab system consist of regularly spaced concrete joist or ribs spanning in one direction, a reinforced concrete slab cast integrally with the ribs and beam span between the columns, perpendicular to the ribs. However the complexity of the structure itself has become an issue due to honeycomb and poor workmanship. To overcome this problem, the use of Self-Compacting Steel Fiber Reinforcement Concrete (SCFRC) could improve the workmanship quality and to minimize the occurrence of honeycomb in concrete. Steel fiber in concrete improved the resistance of reinforced structural members cracking, deflection and other serviceability condition. Thus, this alternative approach will be the main focus in this study.Punching shear strength in reinforced concrete slabs subjected to concentrated loads has received a lot of emphasis due to its importance in the structural system, this failure may take place due to in conservative design of slab overloading and deterioration of strength in concrete and reinforcement. The continuous improvement of the technology of SCFRC and the better knowledge on the mechanical behavior of this SCFRC ribbed slab are contributing to a larger field application of SCFRC. Determination of punching shear strength has received considerable attention by the engineering profession in recent years.
Гладкие действия $p$-торических групп на $\mathbb Z$-ациклических многообразиях
Authors: Pawalowski Krzysztof Marian , Pulikowski Jan
Published: October 2019

Для $p$-торической группы $G$ дается ответ на вопрос, какие компактные (или открытые) гладкие многообразия $M$ могут быть диффеоморфны множествам неподвижных точек гладких действий группы $G$ на компактных (соответственно открытых) гладких многообразиях $E$, имеющих гомотопический тип конечного $\mathbb Z$-ациклического CW-комплекса, допускающего клеточное отображение периода $p$ ровно с одной неподвижной точкой. В случае, когда CW-комплекс стягиваем, в качестве $E$ можно взять диск (соответственно евклидово пространство).
China - Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: October 2019

In recent years, the IMF has released a growing number of reports and other documents covering economic and financial developments and trends in member countries. Each report, prepared by a staff team after discussions with government officials, is published at the option of the member country.
Offshore Financial Centers - Report on the Assessment Program and Proposal for Integration with the Financial Sector Assessment Program - Supplementary Information
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: October 2019

This supplement reviews the data received thus far and the progress made by participating jurisdictions in their dissemination efforts. Data for major jurisdictions that declined to participate are also provided where it is available from published sources. In addition, data on a sample of advanced economies are provided for comparative purposes. The framework identified a minimum set of variables for dissemination and recommended that jurisdictions publish data on those variables although jurisdictions could choose to publish more. Tables 2 and 5 to 13 provide the data received on those variables. The framework also identified additional variables that were to be provided to the Fund to help Fund staff monitor developments in financial centers.
Dissemination of Technical Assistance Information
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: October 2019

This paper sets out a framework for streamlined and strengthened procedures for the wider dissemination of technical assistance-related information ("TA Information"). On the basis of this framework, management intends to issue guidelines to the staff setting forth these new procedures.
Framework Administered Account for Selected Fund Activities-Germany Subaccount for Selected Fund Activities
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: October 2019

The Fund, represented by the Managing Director, has reached understandings with Germany acting through the German Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development (“Germany”), to finance capacity building (technical assistance and training) and related activities. On the basis of these understandings, the Managing Director has established the essential terms and conditions of the Subaccount, with which Germany concurs, with respect to the nature, design, and implementation of the activities to be financed and the method by which the costs of the activities will be financed from the Subaccount.
Evaluation of Technical Assistance to Post-Conflict Countries-Mozambique and Rwanda
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: October 2019

This evaluation of technical assistance (TA) in statistics covers two post-conflict countries, namely, Mozambique and Rwanda during the period 2000–08. The TA, including training, covered the broad spectrum of the Statistics Department’s (STA) program, including collaboration with the East Africa Regional Technical Assistance Center (East AFRITAC), the U. K. Department for International Development (DFID), and the Japanese-funded General Data Dissemination System (GDDS) projects, as well as TA funded directly from the IMF’s budget. The emerging lessons also provide a useful guide to future TA to non-English-speaking countries.
The evaluation is based on missions to each country and relied on responses to questionnaires, desk reviews of available data, and discussions with country authorities, donors, data users, and national officials who participated in IMF courses in statistics.
Conditionality in Fund-Supported Programs-Purposes, Modalities, and Options for Reform
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: October 2019

This paper takes a fresh look at the purpose and modalities of conditionality for the use of the Fund’s resources. It is part of a broader review of Fund lending facilities that includes access levels, charges and maturities, the analytical basis for Fund lending, and facilities for low income countries. It aims to explore options for more flexible approaches that would be responsive to the changing needs and circumstances of the Fund’s members while providing adequate safeguards for Fund resources. While these options have been developed with General Resources Account (GRA) facilities in mind as a complement to the companion paper on the analytical framework, they could apply, as appropriate, to facilities and instruments used by low income members.
Crisis Program Review
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: October 2019

This paper provides an updated review of Fund-supported programs undertaken during the global financial crisis. It follows a series of previous reviews during 2009–12 that assessed program design and outcomes during the surge in Fund supported programs since 2008.

The review covers experience during 2008–15 for 32 arrangements financed from the Fund's general resources account (GRA). It covers 27 countries for which arrangements were approved during September 2008–June 2013, with two years or more of program performance.
Model-based Climatology of Diurnal Variability in Stratospheric Ozone as a Data Analysis Tool
Authors: Frith Stacey M. , Bhartia Pawan K. , Oman Luke D. , Kramarova Natalya A. , McPeters Richard D. , Labow Gordon J.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Observational studies of stratospheric ozone often involve data from multiple instruments that measure the ozone at different times of day. There has been an increased awareness of the potential impact of the diurnal cycle when interpreting measurements of stratospheric ozone at altitudes in the mid to upper stratosphere. To address this issue we present a climatological representation of diurnal variations in ozone with a half hour temporal resolution as a function of latitude, pressure and month, based on output from the NASA GEOS-GMI chemistry model run. This climatology can be applied in a wide range of ozone data analyses, including data inter-comparisons, data merging, and analysis of data from a single platform in a non-sun-synchronous orbit. We evaluate the diurnal climatology by comparing mean differences between ozone measurements made at different local solar times to the differences predicted by the diurnal model. The ozone diurnal cycle is a complicated function of latitude, pressure and season, with variations of less than 5 % in the tropics and sub-tropics, increasing to more than 15 % near the polar summer boundary in the upper stratosphere. These results compare well with previous modeling simulations and are supported by similar size variations in satellite observations. We present several example applications of the climatology in currently relevant data studies. We also compare this diurnal climatology to the diurnal signal from a previous iteration of the free-running GEOS Chemistry Climate Model (GEOSCCM) and to the ensemble runs of GEOS-GMI to test the sensitivity of the model diurnal cycle to changes in model formulation and simulated time period.
Assessing potential storm tide inundation hazard under climate
change: a case study of Southeast China coast
Authors: Nie Bingchuan , Wuxi Qingyong , Li Jiachun , Xu Feng
Published: October 2019

Abstract. A methodology for assessing the storm tide inundation under TCI (tropical cyclone intensification) and SLR (sea level rise) is proposed, which integrates the trend analysis, numerical analysis and GIS-based analysis. In the trend analysis, the potential TCI and SLR can be estimated based on the long-term historical data of TC (tropical cyclone) and MSL (mean sea level) considering the non-stationary and spatially non-uniform effect; the numerical simulation is relied on the ADCIRC+SWAN model, which is capable of taking into account the tide-surge-wave coupling effect to improve the precision of water elevation prediction; the water elevation is then analyzed on the GIS platform, the potential inundation regions can be identified. Based on this methodology, a case study for the Southeast China coast, one of the storm surge prone areas in China, is presented. The results show that the high water elevation tends to occur in the bays and around the estuaries, the maximal water elevations caused by the typhoon wind of 100-year recurrence period can reach as high as 6.06 m, 5.82 m and 5.67 m around Aojiang, Feiyunjiang and Oujiang river estuaries, respectively. Non-stationary TCI and SLR due to climate change can further deteriorate the situation and enhance the risk of inundation there, i.e. the potential inundation area would expand by 108 % to about 798 km2 compared with the situation without considering TCI and SLR. In addition, the remotely sensed maps and inundation durations of the hardest hit regions are provided, which will aid the prevention and mitigation of storm tide inundation hazard and future coastal management there.
Synoptic and Mesoscale atmospheric features associated with an
extreme Snowstorm over the Central Andes in August 2013
Authors: Zamuriano Marcelo , Froidevaux Paul , Moreno Isabel , Vuille Mathias , Brönnimann Stefan
Published: October 2019

Abstract. We study the synoptic and mesoscale characteristics of a snowfall event over the Bolivian Altiplano in August 2013 that caused severe damage to people, infrastructure and livestock. This event was associated with a cold front episode following the eastern slope of the Andes-Amazon interface and a cut-off low pressure system (COL) over the Pacific Ocean. Large scale analyses suggest a two-stage mechanism: The first phase consisted of a strong cold surge to the east of the Andes inducing low level blocking of southward moisture transport over the SW Amazon basin due to post-frontal high-pressure up to 500 hPa synchronized to a Rossby wave train. The second stage was initiated by the displacement of 500 hPa anticyclone over the Andes due to a Rossby wave passage and a subsequent increase in north-easterly moisture transport, while another cold front along the eastern Andes provided additional lifting. We analyse an analog event (July 2010) to confirm the influence of these large-scale features on snow formation. We conduct a mesoscale analysis using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW) model. For this purpose, we perform a series of high-resolution numerical experiments that include sensitivity studies where we apply orographic and lake Titicaca temperature modifications. We compare our findings to MODIS snow cover estimates and in-situ measurements. The control simulation is able to capture the snow cover spatial distribution and sheds light over several aspects of the snowfall dynamics. In our WRF simulations, daytime snowfall mainly occurs around complex orography whereas nocturnal snowfall is concentrated over the plateau due to a combination of nocturnal winds and complex orography inside the plateau. The sensitivity experiments indicate the importance of the lake and mountain for thermal wind circulation affecting the spatial distribution of snowfall by shifting the position of the convergence zones. The influence of the lake's thermal effect is not evident around the regions surrounding the lake.
Numerical Investigation of Typhoon Waves Generated by Three Typhoons in the China Sea
Authors: Shi Qing , Tang Jun , Shen Yongming , Ma Yuxiang
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The typhoon waves generated in the China Sea during the Chan-hom (1509), Linfa (1510) and Nangka (1511) typhoons that occurred in 2015 were numerically investigated. The wave model was based on the a third generation spectral wind-wave model SWAN, in which the wind fields for driving waves were derived from the ERA-interim (ECMWF), CFSv2 (The NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2) and CCMP (Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform) datasets. The numerical results were validated using buoy data and satellite observation data. The simulation results under the three types of wind fields were in good agreement with the observed data. The CCMP wind data was the best in simulating waves overall, and the wind speeds pertaining to ERA and CCMP were notably smaller than those observed near the typhoon centre. The Holland wind model was used to revise and optimize the wind speed pertaining to the CCMP near the typhoon centre, and the wind speed correction coefficient, correction formula and corresponding parameters were determined. Based on these findings, the CCMP and CCMP/Holland blended wind fields were used to simulate the typhoon waves generated during the Meranti (1614), Rai (1615) and Malakas (1616) typhoons that occurred in September 2016. A comparison between the simulated wave heights and those obtained from the Jason-2 altimeter data indicated that all correlation coefficients between the simulated values and the satellite observations were greater than 0.75. The blended wind field was better overall in simulating the wave heights. The simulated maximum wave heights were more similar to the satellite observations, and the root mean square error of the blended wind field was 0.223 m lower than that of the CCMP. The results demonstrated that the CCMP wind-driven SWAN model could appropriately simulate the typhoon waves generated by three typhoons in China Sea, and the use of the CCMP/Holland blended wind field could effectively improve the accuracy of typhoon wave simulations.
Variation of soil organic carbon, stable isotopes and soil quality indicators across an eroding-deposition catena in an historical Spanish olive orchard
Authors: Gómez José  A. , Guzmán Gema , Toloza Arsenio , Resch Christian , García-Ruíz Roberto , Mabit Lionel
Published: October 2019

Abstract. This study compares the distribution of bulk soil organic carbon (SOC also reported as Corg), its fractions (unprotected, physical, chemical and biochemically protected), available P (Pavail), organic nitrogen (Norg) and stable isotopes (δ15N and δ13C) signatures at four soil depths (0–10, 10–20, 20–30, 30–40 cm) between a nearby forested reference area and an historical olive orchard (established in 1856) located in Southern Spain. In addition, these soil properties, as well as water stable aggregates (Wsagg) were contrasted at eroding and deposition areas within the olive orchard, previously determined using 137Cs. Results highlight a significant depletion of SOC stock in the olive orchard as compared to the forested area, approximately 120 vs. 55 t C ha−1 at the top 40 cm of soil respectively, being severe in the case of unprotected carbon fraction. Erosion and deposition within the old olive orchard created large differences in soil properties along a catena, resulting in higher Corg, Pavail and Norg contents and δ15N at the deposition area and therefore defining two areas with a different soil quality status (degraded vs. non-degraded). Differences in δ15N at such different catena locations suggest that this isotopic signature has the potential for being used as an indicator of soil degradation magnitude, although additional studies would be required to confirm this finding. These overall results indicate that proper understanding of Corg content and soil quality in olive orchards require the consideration of the spatial variability induced by erosion/deposition processes for a convenient appraisal at farm scale.
Nonlinear response of the Antarctic Ice Sheet to late Quaternary sea level and climate forcing
Authors: Tigchelaar Michelle , Timmermann Axel , Friedrich Tobias , Heinemann Malte , Pollard David
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Antarctic ice volume has varied substantially during the late Quaternary, with reconstructions suggesting a glacial ice sheet extending to the continental shelf break and interglacial sea level highstands of several meters.
Throughout this period, changes in the Antarctic Ice Sheet were driven by changes in atmospheric and oceanic conditions and global sea level; yet, so far modeling studies have not addressed which of these environmental forcings dominate and how they interact in the dynamical ice sheet response.
Here, we force an Antarctic Ice Sheet model with global sea level reconstructions and transient, spatially explicit boundary conditions from a 408 ka climate model simulation, not only in concert with each other but, for the first time, also separately.
We find that together these forcings drive glacial–interglacial ice volume changes of 12–14 ms.l.e., in line with reconstructions and previous modeling studies.
None of the individual drivers – atmospheric temperature and precipitation, ocean temperatures, or sea level – single-handedly explains the full ice sheet response.
In fact, the sum of the individual ice volume changes amounts to less than half of the full ice volume response, indicating the existence of strong nonlinearities and forcing synergy.
Both sea level and atmospheric forcing are necessary to create full glacial ice sheet growth, whereas the contribution of ocean melt changes is found to be more a function of ice sheet geometry than climatic change.
Our results highlight the importance of accurately representing the relative timing of forcings of past ice sheet simulations and underscore the need for developing coupled climate–ice sheet modeling frameworks that properly capture key feedbacks.
Impact of Demerger on Shareholders’ Wealth
Authors: SINGH Ranjit , BHOWAL Amalesh , BAWARI Varun
Published: October 2019

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the change in the level of the wealth of the shareholders’ before the demerger and after the demerger.Design/methodology/approach – In the present study the data relating to share prices has been taken from the official website of Bombay Stock Exchange. Here the average of the six months price of the demerged company before demerger and average six months price or the average price upto 31st of July, 2007 has been collected of demerged and resultant company after demerger. Findings – It is found that after demerger there is increase in the total wealth of the shareholders in almost all the cases.Research limitations/implications – Given the nature of this study, generalizations cannot be made as the study is conducted in a bullish market. The time specific character of the subject matter is an opportunity for future longitudinal research.Practical implications – Presently de-mergers are creating enormous wealth for shareholders. It is because of the negative synergy. Due to the demerger this negative synergy is removed and the value is unlocked. However, Investors should differentiate between genuine attempts at value creation and de-mergers undertaken to create hype around the stocks. Stay away from dubious companies that want to manipulate prices. Investors should focus on the quality of management and corporate governance record of the companyOriginality/value – The study is the first of its kind and hence original in nature.Article Type: Research paperKeyword(s): Demerger, Demerged Company, Resultant Company, Negative Synergy, Shareholders Wealth.
On Academic Identification of College English Teacher in Terms of Discipline in Chinese Higher Education
Authors: Zhen Zeng
Published: October 2019

The paper looked into faculty of Chinese College English (CE)(or CE faculty on the paper) , a great proportion of teachers teaching English for all non-English majors in higher education institutions, through analysis of CE faculty recruitment process, symbiosis of researching and teaching in their performances, as well as their restrained professional development in China higher education. It’s demonstrated that disciplinary identity on campus is the premise of being successfully fulfillment of the function of teaching and learning in higher education; CE faculty are supposed to effectively perform their duty in line with their professionals defined and developed by the discipline they are trained by. It’s discussed that for securing and protecting the efficiency and academic status of CE and CE faculty, there should be a accrediting process for CE the course accreditation and for CE faculty with academically educational program awarding degree, which is guaranteed for CE being recognized a important and legalized academic activity serving Chinese higher education as its very first design.
Leased Aircraft Maintenance Reserves: Comprehensive Framework to Unsolved Issues under IFRS 16 and Topic 842
Authors: Bellandi Francesco
Published: October 2019

Aircraft operating lease agreements typically require a lessee to perform certain activities to maintain the leased aircraft and return it to the original condition. Company practice of accounting for maintenance reserves is diverse, challenging and conflicting. The new lease standards often diverge, as FASB, 2019, Topic 842 (U.S. GAAP) rarely, if ever, capitalizes those costs as part of the right-of-use asset, while IASB, 2016, IFRS 16 generally does so.

This article builds a comprehensive framework that reconciles IFRS and U.S. GAAP and finally solves issues that the IATA has so far characterized as problematic, but unfortunately academics have failed to adequately address. It also finds out that U.S. GAAP and IFRS may lead to unlike accounting for lease maintenance arrangements of different form but equivalent substance, and that there is an asymmetry between the original asset and the object of capitalization of decommissioning costs. Finally, after a thorough review of financial statements of 53 sampled airlines on the accounting for decommissioning costs and maintenance reserves, for the first time in a public document this article fully reveals the detailed findings and codifies them within an unprecedented precise comparison of U.S. GAAP and IFRS on the subject. Certain inconsistencies in accounting differently for unlike form but like substance are also noted.
‘Meedoen is belangrijker dan winnen’
Authors: Overmans Tom , Noordegraaf Mirko , De Rynck Filip
Published: October 2019

Winning is Not Everything. Awards as an Expression of Positive Public Administration?

Positive Public Administration (PPA) encourages scholars to examine governance success. The appreciation of successes, however, is not new. During previous decades, awards were bestowed for exceptional performance. We analyse whether two important awards in the Netherlands and Flanders are an expression of PPA. Firstly, we find that successes are interpreted differently: in the Netherlands, one-off, trendy performances are rewarded, while in Flanders the focus is on consolidated results of long-term change processes. Secondly, we see that ‘clean’ success criteria promote a suggestion of ‘control’, whilst public settings are ambiguous and unpredictable. Finally, we conclude that prizes are primarily celebrations; little evidence is found of systematic knowledge exchange, learning and professionalisation.
Positieve bestuurskunde: een Europese Minnowbrook (EPPA I)
Authors: Bouckaert Geert
Published: October 2019

Reflection: Positive Public Administration in light of the European research agenda

Geert Bouckaert reflects on the ambitions of Positive Public Administration within the larger European research agenda for public administration.
Burgerparticipatie: ontwikkelingstypen van bewonersverbanden
Authors: de Zeeuw Anna , van Wijk Eelco , Straathof Alex
Published: October 2019

Citizen participation: community enterprises in development types: Interaction between participation professionals and community enterprises in the spotlight

Local authorities expect citizens to fulfil an increasing number of public services. In that context, citizen-based networks are emerging as means to fulfil a variety of public tasks, varying from supporting young entrepreneurs and strengthening social cohesion, to providing local care. In this article, we address the following questions: Which phases do community enterprises pass through in their efforts towards realising a sustainable contribution and how do participation professionals support these phases? To respond to this question, researchers followed seven community enterprises based in Amsterdam over a two-year period. We identified a typology of four development phases, with particular attention to the interaction between external participation professionals and the key persons of community enterprises. The study has practical relevance for governance of citizen participation and also raises important follow-up questions about the role of the local government.