bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A tool for assessing the quality of the Mediterranean cyclone forecast: a numerical index
Authors: Picornell M. A. , Jansà A. , Genovés A.
Published: June 2011

Abstract. Cyclones affecting the Mediterranean region, sometimes related to severe weather events, are often not well represented enough in numerical model predictions. Assessing the quality of the forecast of these cyclonic structures would be a significant advance in better knowing the goodness of the weather forecast in this region, and particularly the quality of predictions of high impact phenomena. In order to estimate the cyclone forecast uncertainty in operational models, in this work we compare two cyclone databases for the period 2006–2007: one from the operational analyses of the T799 ECMWF deterministic model; and the other from the forecasts provided by the same model in three ranges, H+12, H+24, and H+48. The skill of the model to detect cyclones and its accuracy in describing their features are assessed. An index is presented as an indicator of the quality of the prediction, derived from the frequency distribution of errors in the prediction of four characteristics of the cyclone: position, central pressure value, geostrophic circulation, and domain. Some sub-indexes are derived to verify each of the variables separately in order to analyse the most frequent sources of error. Other sub-indexes are also defined to indicate possible biases in the numerical prediction model.
Usefulness of high resolution coastal models for operational oil spill forecast: the Full City accident
Authors: Broström G. , Carrasco A. , Hole L. R. , Dick S. , Janssen F. , Mattsson J. , Berger S.
Published: June 2011

Abstract. Oil spill modeling is considered to be an important decision support system (DeSS) useful for remedial action in case of accidents, as well as for designing the environmental monitoring system that is frequently set up after major accidents. Many accidents take place in coastal areas implying that low resolution basin scale ocean models is of limited use for predicting the trajectories of an oil spill. In this study, we target the oil spill in connection with the Full City accident on the Norwegian south coast and compare three different oil spill models for the area. The result of the analysis is that all models do a satisfactory job. The "standard" operational model for the area is shown to have severe flaws but including an analysis based on a higher resolution model (1.5 km resolution) for the area the model system show results that compare well with observations. The study also shows that an ensemble using three different models is useful when predicting/analyzing oil spill in coastal areas.
A New Hybrid Algorithm for a System of Generalized Mixed Equilibrium Problems and Fixed Point of Quasi--Asymptotically Nonexpansive Mappings
Authors: Zhu Jinhua , Chang Shih-Sen
Published: June 2011

The purpose of this paper is to use a new hybrid algorithm for finding a common element of the set of solutions for a system of generalized mixed equilibrium problems and the set of common fixed points for an infinite family of quasi--asymptotically nonexpansive mappings. Under suitable conditions some strong convergence theorems are established in a uniformly smooth and strictly convex Banach space with Kadec-Klee property. The results presented in the paper improve and extend some recent results.
Interval Estimation for Extreme Value Parameter with Censored Data
Authors: Lee Eun-Joo , Walker Dane , Elliott David , Mathy Katlyn , Lee Seung-Hwan
Published: June 2011

The Weibull distribution is widely used in the parametric analysis of lifetime
data. In place of the Weibull distribution, it is often more convenient to work with the
equivalent extreme value distribution, which is the logarithm of the Weibull distribution.
The main advantage in working with the extreme value distribution is that unlike the
Weibull distribution, the extreme value distribution has location and scale parameters.
This paper is devoted to a discussion of statistical inferences for the extreme value distribution
with censored data. Numerical simulations are performed to examine the finite
sample behaviors of the estimators of the parameters. These procedures are then applied
to real-world data.
In Colorectal Liver Metastases, the Presence of Extrahepatic Disease Correlates with the Pathology of the Primary Tumour
Authors: Abbas Saleh , Lam Vincent
Published: June 2011

Background. FDG-PET scan detects extrahepatic metastases in 20% of patients with colorectal liver metastases but it is reported to have approximately 16% false negative rates. Patients and Methods. Patients who had PET scan for metastatic colorectal cancer at Westmead Hospital between March 2006 and March 2010 were reviewed retrospectively. The results of PET scan were correlated with tumour characteristics that were thought to affect the overall prognosis. Results. Degree of tumour differentiation and vascular invasion were significantly predictive for the presence of extrahepatic disease on PET scan, also did the level of CEA. Conclusion. The detection of extrahepatic disease in colorectal liver metastases correlates with the biologic behaviour of the primary tumour. Poorly differentiated tumours and those with lymphovascular invasion behave in aggressive fashion and likely to have wide-spread metastases. This should be considered when contemplating liver resection for colorectal metastases.
Bakhtin Revisits Deuteronomy: Narrative Theory and the
Dialogical Event of Deut. 31:2 and 34:7
Authors: Bergen David A.
Published: June 2011

In 1980 Robert Polzin engaged the narrative structure of
Deuteronomy and introduced Mikhail Bakhtin's literary theory to biblical
studies. Few however have carried forward the implications of this pioneering
work, leaving Bakhtin and the narrator sidelined in critical Deuteronomic
discussions. This paper demonstrates the unrealized potential inherent in
Bakhtin's dialogic theory for the interpretation of biblical narrative. Reading
with sensitivity the voice structure of Deuteronomy, it is possible to discern
not only a dialogic angle between Moses and the narrator, but also a subtle
polemical nuance in the narrator's superlative evaluation of Israel's first
prophet.
Leviticus, Deconstruction and the Body
Authors: Landy Francis
Published: June 2011

This paper is a contribution to a discussion of feminism,
deconstruction and embodiment at the Canadian Society for Biblical Studies
Meeting in June, 1999. I briefly align and contrast deconstruction, as a
practice of resistance to totalizing discourses, with feminism, as a practice of
resistance to totalizing hierarchies. I then engage with three student responses
to a course I taught on Leviticus, as part of the dialogic of biblical studies
(and certainly deconstructive/feminist ones). In one, I discuss Leviticus as
pornography, in the context of the nexus between prohibition and desire, and pay
especial attention to the points where Leviticus changes subject position. A
second concerns land, imagined in anticipation and retrospectively from exile,
as the object of memory and frustration, and speculates on the sexual imagery of
sacrifice. A third turns to narrative in Leviticus, in particular that of
24.10-23, as potentially destructive of the whole rhetorical enterprise of the
book, which posits a static society. In my conclusion, I express distrust of
pure deconstructive or feminist programs, and turn to the paradox that Leviticus
is both a text preeminently about the body, and profoundly phallocentric.
On The Problems of Reconstructing Pre-Hellenistic Israelite
(Palestinian) History
Authors: Peter Lemche Niels
Published: June 2011

The biblical picture of ancient Israel does not fit in,
but is contrary to any image of ancient Palestinian society that can be
established on the basis of ancient sources from Palestine or referring to
Palestine. There is no way this image in the Bible can be reconciled with the
historical past of the region. And if this is the case, we should give up the
hope that we can reconstruct pre-Hellenistic history on the basis of the Old
Testament. It is simply an invented history with only a few referents to things
that really happened or existed. From an historian’s point of view, ancient
Israel is a monstrous creature. It is something sprung out of the fantasy of
biblical historiographers and their modern paraphrasers, i.e., the
historical-critical scholars of the last two hundred years.
Towards a New History of Israel
Authors: Wesselius Jan-Wim
Published: June 2011

The status and use of Primary History (the books Genesis –
2 Kings) as a historical source is highly dependent on its literary nature as a
unitary work written after 440 BCE, most probably between 440 and 420, the
structure of which apparently derives from and refers to the Histories of
Herodotus of Halicarnassus. Another important literary feature is the peculiar
use of alternative versions to indicate uncertainty and doubt about the
narrative itself, the result of which used to be regarded as proof for the
Documentary Hypothesis. The contrasting absence of such alternatives for much of
the history of the ninth-sixth centuries BCE as found in the Books of Kings
provides a formal indication that it was meant to give a more or less accurate
picture of the period.
Erasmus’ Commentary on Psalm 2
Authors: Jenkins Allan K.
Published: June 2011

Erasmus' failure to master Hebrew raises the question of
how his ad fontes approach to biblical interpretation applied to the Old
Testament. His 76-page 'commentary' on Psalm 2 shows that he does make use of
Hebrew, though his insights are derivative, mostly from Jerome or Augustine. In
some places, however, he bases his exposition on the LXX and, where this differs
from the Hebrew, on both. Erasmus reads the psalm as applying to Christ rather
than David, and his philological scholarship is used to serve his interpretative
aim of contemporary application in accordance with his 'philosophy of Christ'.
“Great Among His Brothers,” But Who Is He? Heterogeneity in
the Composition of Judah
Authors: Knoppers Gary N.
Published: June 2011

To a large extent past scholarship has been absorbed with
textual, source-critical, and redactional issues. Each of the major approaches
surveyed attempts to deal with the formidable problems presented by the text.
Inasmuch as an effort has been made to understand the genealogy historically,
most of that effort has been expended on recovering the early history of Judah
and its growth during the monarchy. Because genealogies are essentially
histories of generations, it is only natural for scholars to want to plumb the
depths of these records as one means to reconstruct the past. But whatever
traditions may have been available to the authors, one should inquire further
about what functions the genealogy may have fulfilled in the late Persian or
early Hellenistic period, the time in which the authors wrote. Genealogies in
the ancient Mediterranean world were caught up with fundamental issues of
self-definition, identity, territory, and relationships. They were composed
mainly to address claims about social status, kinship ties, and territorial
affiliations and not to satisfy idle curiosities about the distant past. In
most, albeit not all, cases lineages "establish and validate living
relationships." Given that the postexilic Judah constructed by modern
scholarship is not known for having a diverse social and ethnic makeup, pursuing
the heterogeneity within the Judahite genealogy holds much promise.
Delimiting the Contours of Israel in Ezek 12:21–25 and
12:26–28
Authors: Scatolini Silvio Sergio
Published: June 2011

Even though the concept of Israel would appear to many to
be one of the most straightforward ones in the Hebrew Scriptures; it is not
always clear what it actually refers to. Yet, delimiting or eliciting the
implied [physical, social and ideological] contours of Israel in the Hebrew
Scriptures in their totality is way beyond the scope of any single article. Here
we shall concentrate on Ezek 12:21-25, 26-28. It is my hypothesis that in these
two short disputation speeches more than one view of Israel are implicitly
presented.
Transformations in Meaning: Solomon’s Accession in Chronicles
Authors: Mitchell Christine
Published: June 2011

This paper is in part a response to John Van Seters’
“Creative imitation in the Hebrew Bible” (SR 29 [2000]: 395-409). In this paper,
I discuss the development of a model of intertextuality sensitive to the context
of the texts. Then I turn to a discussion of the accession of Solomon in 1
Chron. 28-2 Chron. 1; I show that Solomon’s accession is a transformation of the
selection of Saul in 1 Sam. 9-11. I conclude that Chronicles goes beyond
“plagiarism” in its relationship with Samuel-Kings, and that the Chronicler was
a sophisticated literary artist working in a literate tradition.
A Very General Archaeologist—Moshe Dayan and Israeli
Archaeology
Authors: Kletter Raz
Published: June 2011

This article is a preliminary investigation of three
decades of robbery, collection and trade in antiquities by General Moshe Dayan,
perhaps Israel’s most famous commander and politician. In trying to separate
facts from the many rumors that follow his name, this contribution is mainly
based on written sources, some never published before. They prove that, since
1951, Dayan was involved in large-scale robbery of antiquities in dozens of
sites in Israel and the occupied territories. Dayan used army equipment and
personnel for robbery and transfer of antiquities; established a vast collection
of stolen and bought antiquities, and exchanged and sold antiquities in Israel
and abroad. He became a negative model for others and damaged the cause of
Israeli archaeology as a whole. Although Dayan was caught in person at least
four times during robbery, he was never brought to justice. After his death, his
collection was sold by his widow to the Israel Museum for 1 million US$. Though
Dayan’s activities are a sort of a known secret in Israel, they were never
investigated from an archaeological perspective. Many facts remain unknown since
they appear in remote Hebrew sources, hence writers about Dayan, including some
of his biographers, often follow the wrong, romantic view of him as the ‘good
guy’- a sort of an Israeli Robin Hood that fights stupid bureaucracy and social
rules. This article brings a representative sample of Dayan’s deeds and tries to
evaluate them and to ask how they were possible, and what has changed since
those “good old days”.
How Cognitive Resources Alter our Perception of the Past: Ego Depletion Enhances the Susceptibility to Suggestion
Authors: Otgaar Henry , Alberts Hugo , Cuppens Lesly
Published: June 2011

Studies show that engaging in self‐control results in deteriorated performance on subsequent tasks. In legal settings, witnesses and/or suspects are probably involved in self‐control (e.g. controlling their emotions). The current study tested whether such involvement in self‐control would lead to increased suggestibility levels. We found direct evidence for this. Forty‐four participants were randomly divided into a high level of depletion condition (regulation of attention) or a low level of depletion condition (no regulation of attention). Also, they were presented with a suggestibility measure (Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale). We showed that depleted participants were significantly more suggestible than non‐depleted participants. Our findings are relevant in situations in which suggestive practices may take place. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accommodation of unknown actuator faults using output feedback‐based adaptive robust control
Authors: Gayaka Shreekant , Yao Bin
Published: June 2011

In this paper, we solve the problem of output tracking for linear uncertain systems in the presence of unknown actuator failures using discontinuous projection‐based output feedback adaptive robust control (ARC). The faulty actuators are characterized as unknown inputs stuck at unknown values experiencing bounded disturbance and actuators losing effectiveness at unknown instants of time. Many existing techniques to solve this problem use model reference adaptive control (MRAC), which may not be well suited for handling various disturbances and modeling errors inherent to any realistic system model. Robust control‐based fault‐tolerant schemes have guaranteed transient performance and are capable of dealing with modeling errors to certain degrees. But, the steady‐state tracking accuracy of robust controllers, e.g. sliding mode controller, is limited. In comparison, the backstepping‐based output feedback adaptive robust fault‐tolerant control (ARFTC) strategy presented here can effectively deal with such uncertainties and overcome the drawbacks of individual adaptive and robust controls. Comparative simulation studies are performed on a linearized Boeing 747 model, which shows the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First‐principles prediction of phase equilibria using the PR + COSMOSAC equation of state
Authors: Hsieh Chieh‐Ming , Lin Shiang‐Tai
Published: June 2011

We present a novel way of obtaining the interactions parameters in the Peng–Robinson equation of state (PR EOS) such that it is applicable for all types of fluid phase equilibrium calculations without the need of input of any experimental data. This is made possible by determining the temperature and composition dependence of the energy parameter a(T, x) and volume parameter b(x) in PR EOS from first‐principles solvation calculations. This method requires only element specific parameters (three parameters for each element, including one atomic radius and two parameters for describing dispersion interactions), and 15 nonspecies dependent, universal parameters for electrostatic and hydrogen‐bonding interactions. We validate this method using (1) vapor pressure, liquid density, and critical properties of 1296 pure substances, (2) 116 binary vapor‐liquid equilibrium mixtures (including about 3000 data points with temperatures ranging from 255.37 to 623.15 K and pressures from 0.03 KPa to 18.97 MPa), (3) 68 binary and 39 ternary liquid‐liquid equilibrium systems at atmospheric pressure, and (4) the solubility of 52 pharmaceuticals in 37 different pure solvents and their mixtures at the temperatures ranged from 273.15 to 323.15 K (including about 2900 data points). All the calculations are done with the same set of 33 parameters. We believe that this approach is a useful tool for providing thermodynamic properties of fluids prior to experimental measurements. © 2011 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermostimulative shape memory effect of linear low‐density polyethylene/polypropylene (LLDPE/PP) blends compatibilized by crosslinked LLDPE/PP blend (LLDPE–PP)
Authors: Liu Hong , Li Shu‐Cai , Liu Yi , Iqbal Mahmood
Published: June 2011

A novel linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE)/polypropylene (PP) thermostimulative shape memory blends were prepared by melt blending with moderate crosslinked LLDPE/PP blend (LLDPE–PP) as compatibilizer. In this shape memory polymer (SMP) blends, dispersed PP acted as fixed phase whereas continuous LLDPE phase acted as reversible or switch phase. LLDPE–PP improved the compatibility of LLDPE/PP blends as shown in scanning electron microscopic photos. Dynamic mechanical analysis test showed that the melt strengths of the blends were enhanced with increasing LLDPE–PP content. A shape memory mechanism for this type of SMP system was then concluded. It was found that when the blend ratio of LLDPE/PP/LLDPE–PP was 87/13/6, the blend exhibited the best shape memory effect at stretch ratio of 80%, stretch rate of 25 mm/min, and recovery temperature of 135°C. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Effect of recyclate PTFE/GF laminate incorporation on the dielectric and mechanical properties of PTFE/GF composites using a novel manufacturing process
Authors: Xi Zhoutian , Ghita Oana R. , Evans Ken E.
Published: June 2011

This study examines the recycling of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/glass fiber (GF) printed circuit boards (PCB) laminates through mechanical grinding and the re‐manufacture of new composites incorporating PTFE/GF recyclate using sintering processes with and without pressure (SWOP and SWP). The PTFE/GF recyclate was tested for mechanical and dielectric performance. Experimental data were fitted to modified Lichtenecker and Effective‐Medium Theory (EMT) theoretical equations to estimate the dielectric constant of PTFE/GF recyclate subsheets for further use in new PTFE/GF laminates. It was found that the experimental values were inside of the Wiener bounds and fitted well the two theories for both manufacturing methods proposed. Overall, the results showed that PTFE/GF recyclate could be used as replacement for virgin PTFE/GF when incorporated in specific concentrations. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Cycloaliphatic epoxy oligosiloxane‐derived hybrid materials for a high‐refractive index LED encapsulant
Authors: Yang SeungCheol , Kim Joon‐Soo , Jin JungHo , Kwak Seung‐Yeon , Bae Byeong‐Soo
Published: June 2011

Cycloaliphatic epoxy oligosiloxane resins with a high degree of condensation (>85%) were synthesized by a nonhydrolytic sol–gel reaction using 2‐(3,4‐epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane (ECTS), diphenylsilanediol (DPSD), and triphenylsilanol (TPS). Cycloaliphatic epoxy hybrimers with 2 mm thickness fabricated by thermal curing of cycloaliphatic epoxy oligosiloxane resins with a hardener and catalyst were optically transparent (∼90%) with a high refractive index of up to 1.583. The fabricated hybrimers also show high thermal resistance having no yellowing during thermal aging at 120°C for 1008 h and a high decomposition temperature (>300°C). On the strengths of these characteristics, the hybrimers are expected to find application as LED encapsulants. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Structural changes of starch/polyvinyl alcohol biocomposite films reinforced with microcrystalline cellulose due to biodegradation in simulated aerobic compost environment
Authors: Maiti Sonakshi , Ray Dipa , Mitra Debarati , Sengupta Suparna , Kar Tanusree
Published: June 2011

Starch/Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) based biocomposite films reinforced with micro crystalline cellulose (MCC) (10 wt %) particles were prepared by solution casting method, incorporating glycerol as plasticizer. These biocomposite films were subjected to biodegradation at ambient temperature in a simulated aerobic compost pit. The extent of biodegradation of these films was studied in terms of weight loss. The corresponding changes in the structure of the films were observed using scanning electron microscopy, X‐Ray diffraction study, and differential scanning calorimetry. The melting point of PVA component of the biocomposite film shifted from 204 to 223°C with increase in biodegradation time and a remarkable difference was observed in their melt crystallization behavior. The unreinforced films also showed a similar trend, but the increase in the crystallinity of PVA was more pronounced in MCC reinforced films than that observed in the unreinforced ones. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
REDUCTION OF RUMINATION USING A SUPPLEMENTAL STARCH FEEDING PROCEDURE
Authors: Darling Joseph A. , Otto Jason T. , Buckner Carolyn K.
Published: June 2011

A supplemental starch feeding (SSF) procedure was used to decrease rumination in a 27‐year‐old man. A multiple baseline across mealtimes design determined treatment efficacy, followed by 26 months of maintenance and fading implemented by direct‐care staff. Following intermittent meals, four slices of bread were offered in a paced manner, after which the frequency of rumination was measured. Subsequent to the SSF sessions, the participant's rumination reduced 47%, from 0.19 per minute (8.5 per session) after baseline sessions to 0.09 per minute (4.1 per session) after treatment sessions. Ongoing measures in the natural setting continued to show reductions through maintenance and fading of the supplemental feeding. No weight gain was noted during the time the procedure was in place. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of a water jet system to the pretreatment of cellulose
Authors: Watanabe Yuka , Kitamura Shinichi , Kawasaki Kazunori , Kato Tomoki , Uegaki Koichi , Ogura Kota , Ishikawa Kazuhiko
Published: June 2011

Plant cellulose is the most abundant organic compound on earth. Technologies for producing cellulose fiber or improving the enzymatic saccharification of cellulose hold the key to biomass applications. A technology for atomizing biomass without strong acid catalysis remains to be developed. The water jet is a well‐known device used in machines (e.g., washing machines, cutters, and mills) that use high‐pressure water. In this study, we examined whether a water jet system could be used to atomize crystalline cellulose, which comprises approximately 50% of plant biomass. The Star Burst System manufactured by Sugino Machine Limited (Sugino Machine; Toyama, Japan) is a unique atomization machine that uses a water jet to atomize materials and thereby places lower stress on the environment. After treatment with this system, the crystalline cellulose was converted into a gel‐like form. High‐angular annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy showed that the cellulose fibers had been converted from a solid crystalline into a matrix of cellulose nanofibers. In addition, our results show that this system can improve the saccharification efficiency of cellulases by more than three‐fold. Hence, the Star Burst System provides a new and mild pretreatment system for processing biomass materials. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 95:833–839, 2011.
Planning for instructional technology in the classroom
Authors: Mitchell Regina L. Garza
Published: June 2011

Community colleges are known for keeping abreast of the latest instructional technologies, but the constant and rapid growth of available technology also presents challenges. This chapter reviews the current literature regarding instructional technology usage, with a focus on beneficial applications of technology for teaching and learning, and associated financial, managerial, and planning challenges. The chapter concludes with strategies for research, adoption, implementation, and maintenance of instructional technologies to enhance teaching and learning.
Web 2.0 technologies: Applications for community colleges
Authors: Bajt Susanne K.
Published: June 2011

The current generation of new students, referred to as the Millennial Generation, brings a new set of challenges to the community college. The influx of these technologically sophisticated students, who interact through the social phenomenon of Web 2.0 technology, bring expectations that may reshape institutions of higher learning. This chapter provides an overview of Web 2.0 technologies and considerations of their potential to transform the way education is delivered. Long‐held learning beliefs and established educational strategies may need to be redefined to incorporate the benefits of Web 2.0 and to serve the educational needs of the Millennial Generation.
Andragogy, organization, and implementation concerns for gaming as an instructional tool in the community college
Authors: Martin Vance S.
Published: June 2011

As this and previous editions of New Directions for Community Colleges have argued, digital skills are necessary. Our future economy will be based on them, but there is no consensus on which skills to teach. Many talk about Web 2.0 skills, familiarity with software, and critical thinking skills, yet few mention the potential of video games in education. This chapter examines the potential for using video games at the community college level, possible arguments against it, and necessary support from administration, information technology departments, and libraries to make the most of this digital technology.
Models of technology management at the community college: The role of the chief information officer
Authors: Armstrong Scott , Simer Lauren , Spaniol Lee
Published: June 2011

Community colleges provide a wide range of educational services to very diverse groups of students. For that reason, the variety and flexibility of services provided can be critical. In addition, quickly changing needs result in quickly changing system requirements. In this chapter, community college CIOs speak to their roles, focusing on the critical issues they face today and the approaches their institutions are taking to ensure preparation for a rapidly changing technological future.
Droplet Cluster – Analysis, Simulation and Visualization
Authors: Bart Hans‐Jörg , Hlawitschka Mark W. , Mickler Matthias , Jaradat Moutasem , Didas Stephan , Chen Fang , Hagen Hans
Published: June 2011

Moderne optische Messtechniken in Kombination mit Algorithmen der Bildanalyse erlauben es, komplexe Tropfencluster in der Extraktionskolonne messtechnisch zu erfassen. In Labor‐ und Technikumskolonnen werden Versuche durchgeführt, um Informationen zu Tropfenschwärmen in Abhängigkeit der Prozessparameter zu erhalten. Eine Erweiterung des Kolonnensimulationstools LLECMOD erfolgte von gerührten Kolonnen hin zu gepackten und pulsierten Kolonnen mit der Möglichkeit der freien Wahl der dispersen Phase und Stoffaustauschrichtung. Die CFD‐Simulation liefert die Grundlage zur dreidimensionalen Simulation der Hydrodynamik in gerührten Extraktionskolonnen. Eine vereinfachte Tropfenpopulationsbilanz (Eingruppenmodell) ermöglicht eine Bestimmung der Tropfengröße mit geringer zusätzlicher CPU‐Zeit. Eine verbesserte Visualisierung der Kolonnendaten im 3D‐Raum erlaubt es, gezielte Analysen des Apparateverhaltens durchzuführen.
CO2 Capture Technology – from Research to Large Scale Industrial Operation
Authors: Tönnies Inga , Garcia Hugo , Mangalapally Hari Prasad , Hoch Sebastian , Notz Ralf , Sieder Georg , Eck Bernd , Hasse H.
Published: June 2011

Die Entwicklung der Post‐Combustion‐Capture (PCC)‐Verfahren vom Labormaßstab bis zur industriellen Anwendung wird vorgestellt. Der Weg führt von den physikalisch‐chemischen Grundlagen bis zu Anlagen in bisher noch nicht erreichten Dimensionen. Die Entwicklung wird unterteilt in eine Laborphase, eine Technikumsphase, eine Pilotanlagenphase und eine Demonstrationsanlagenphase. Die Forschungsaktivitäten in den einzelnen Phasen und deren Ergebnisse werden detailliert diskutiert. Mit den bis heute durchgeführten Schritten konnte gegenüber dem Standardlösungsmittel Monoethanolamin eine Reduzierung des Energiebedarfs um 20 % erreicht werden. Durch die noch ausstehenden Schritte sind weitere Optimierungen sowohl im Bereich des Energiebedarfs als auch bei der Anlagentechnik zu erwarten.
Scale‐up of Capillary Extraction Equipment
Authors: Mendorf Matthias , Agar David W.
Published: June 2011

In order to fully exploit the outstanding mass transfer characteristics of liquid‐liquid slug flow in capillaries for technical extraction processes, it is necessary to employ numbering‐up to retain the underlying benefits of microscale operation. For optimal performance, each of the parallelized capillaries should be operated at the same flow rate, a similar phase ratio and with a single, uniform slug structure. Since the fabrication tolerances of microstructures make it difficult to construct distributors generating the uniform multiphase flow sought, a simple and affordable scheme for monitoring and regulating the slug flow in individual capillaries has been developed. The concept was implemented successfully for both simple aqueous‐organic biphasic flows and with more challenging systems exhibiting flow multiplicities as a consequence of viscosity changes.
Energy efficient authentication strategies for network coding
Authors: Apavatjrut Anya , Znaidi Wassim , Fraboulet Antoine , Goursaud Claire , Jaffrès‐Runser Katia , Lauradoux Cédric , Minier Marine
Published: June 2011

Recent advances in information theory and networking, e.g. aggregation, network coding or rateless codes, have significantly modified data dissemination in wireless networks. These new paradigms create new threats for security such as pollution attacks and denial of services (DoS). These attacks exploit the difficulty to authenticate data in such contexts. The particular case of xor network coding is considered herein. We investigate different strategies based on message authentication codes algorithms (MACs) to thwart these attacks. Yet, classical MAC designs are not compatible with the linear combination of network coding. Fortunately, MACs based on universal hash functions (UHFs) match nicely the needs of network coding: some of these functions are linear h(x1⊕x2) = h(x1)⊕h(x2). To demonstrate their efficiency, we consider the case of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Although these functions can drastically reduce the energy consumption of authentication (up to 68% gain over the classical designs is observed), they increase the threat of DoS. Indeed, an adversary can disrupt all communications by polluting few messages. To overcome this problem, a group testing algorithm is introduced for authentication resulting in a complexity linear in the number of attacks. The energy consumption is analyzed for cross‐point and butterfly network topologies with respect to the possible attack scenarios. The results highlight the trade‐offs between energy efficiency, authentication and the effective throughput for the different MAC modes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fault‐tolerant on‐board computing for robotic space missions
Authors: Zima Hans P. , James Mark L. , Springer Paul L.
Published: June 2011

This paper describes an approach to providing software fault tolerance for future deep‐space robotic National Aeronautics and Space Administration missions, which will require a high degree of autonomy supported by an enhanced on‐board computational capability. We focus on introspection‐based adaptive fault tolerance guided by the specific requirements of applications. Introspection supports monitoring of the program execution with the goal of identifying, locating, and analyzing errors. Fault tolerance assertions for the introspection system can be provided by the user, domain‐specific knowledge, or via the results of static or dynamic program analysis. This work is part of an on‐going project at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glycine Peptide Bond Formation Catalyzed by Faujasite
Authors: Phuakkong Oranit , Bobuatong Karan , Pantu Piboon , Boekfa Bundet , Probst Michael , Limtrakul Jumras
Published: June 2011

The catalysis of peptide bond formation between two glycine molecules on H‐FAU zeolite was computationally studied by the M08‐HX density functional. Two reaction pathways, the concerted and the stepwise mechanism, starting from three differently adsorbed reactants, amino‐bound, carboxyl‐bound, and hydroxyl‐bound, are studied. Adsorption energies, activation energies, and reaction energies, as well as the corresponding intrinsic rate constants were calculated. A comparison of the computed energetics of the various reaction paths for glycine indicates that the catalyzed reaction proceeds preferentially via the concerted reaction mechanism of the hydroxyl‐bound configuration. This involves an eight‐membered ring of the transition structure instead of the four‐membered ring of the others. The step from the amino‐bound configuration to glycylglycine is the rate‐determining step of the concerted mechanism. It has an estimated activation energy of 51.2 kcal mol−1. Although the catalytic reaction can also occur via the stepwise reaction mechanism, this path is not favored.
Conformational Equilibria in Adducts of Alcohols with Ethers: The Rotational Spectrum of Ethylalcohol‐Dimethylether
Authors: Evangelisti Luca , Feng Gang , Rizzato Roberto , Caminati Walther
Published: June 2011

The rotational spectra of two conformers of the molecular complex ethylalcohol‐dimethylether were measured with pulsed‐jet Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. Both trans and gauche conformations of ethylalcohol are preserved in the complex, originating two conformations with dimethylether as the proton accepting unit. A switch of the conformational stability of ethyl alcohol is observed upon complexation with dimethyl ether, with the gauche form becoming the global minimum. The investigation of the OD deuterated species allowed observing quantitatively the Ubbelohde effect, which is the shrinkage of the O⋅⋅⋅O distance of about 6 mÅ upon H→D isotopic substitution of the hydroxylic hydrogen participating in the OH⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bond.
Clinical Features, Prevalence and Psychiatric Complaints in Subjects with Fear of Vomiting
Authors: van Hout Wiljo J. P. J. , Bouman Theo K.
Published: June 2011

Specific phobia of vomiting (also known as emetophobia) is a relatively understudied phobia with respect to its aetiology, clinical features and treatment. In this stage, research is mostly based on people with self‐reported fear of vomiting. This paper presents a survey on the clinical features of fear of vomiting of individuals. Self‐reported vomit‐fearful subjects from the Dutch community and from an Internet support group are included. Both vomit‐fearful groups were characterized by high reports of fear, the presence of panic symptoms, and by extensive avoidance and safety behaviours. They also reported other psychiatric complaints, which were measured with a structured screening instrument. Vomiting complaints started mostly in late puberty. A significant proportion of the vomit‐fearful participants had a treatment history. The prevalence rate of fear of vomiting in the community sample was established at 8.8% (female : male ratio = 4:1). Overall, results show that fear of vomiting is a common phenomenon, which can seriously impair daily functioning. Finally, clinical questions to be addressed in future research are formulated. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

Specific phobia of vomiting (also known as emetophobia) is among the least studied phobias.

Most clinical data come from research with self‐described fear of vomiting.

This paper presents data on the clinical features, prevalence and additional psychiatric complaints of fear of vomiting in two vomit‐fearful samples and one control sample with no fear of vomiting.

Estimates of prevalence of fear of vomiting in a Dutch community sample were established at 1.8% for men and 7% for women.

Evidence suggests that fear of vomiting is a chronic and disabling condition that may cause significant impairment in daily functioning.
Epithelioid angiosarcoma of the kidney: A diagnostic dilemma in fine‐needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Singh Charanjeet , Xie Linjun , Schmechel Stephen C. , Manivel J. Carlos , Pambuccian Stefan E.
Published: June 2011

Epithelioid angiosarcomas (EAS) of kidney are rare and aggressive tumors with noncharacteristic imaging features that overlap with those of inflammatory conditions and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We report the fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology findings of a case of EAS that involved the left kidney of an 83‐year‐old male. The smears and cell block sections showed pleomorphic epithelioid cells with ample cytoplasm, eccentric nuclei, occasional cytoplasmic hyaline globules, and rare intracytoplasmic lumina. Immunohistochemical stains performed on cellblock sections showed that the tumor cells were positive for vimentin, CD31, CD34, Factor VIII, and CD10, but showed no staining for cytokeratins AE1/AE3 and 8/18, HMB45, CD45, smooth muscle actin, and S100. The morphological and immunohistochemical distinction between EAS, primary tumors of the kidney, and other epithelioid and rhabdoid neoplasms is discussed. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diversity in diabetes: the role of insulin aspart
Authors: Heller Simon , McCance David R. , Moghissi Etie , Nazeri Avideh , Kordonouri Olga
Published: June 2011

Diabetes management is changing not only with novel treatments but also in patient demography. This presents clinical challenges and influences our view of diabetes therapies. Insulin analogues have been developed to overcome some of the limitations of traditional human insulins, with the aim of providing a more physiological pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile. The rapid‐acting insulin analogue insulin aspart has been investigated in many clinical trials over the past 10 years and the aim of this review is to present the insulin aspart clinical trial data from across the spectrum of patients with diabetes. Five studies have looked at insulin aspart use (including continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion) in children and adolescents, where the analogue was as effective and well tolerated as soluble human insulin. One large‐scale, randomized, controlled trial in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes observed trends towards a reduction in major hypoglycaemia, fewer preterm deliveries and lower birthweight with insulin aspart compared with soluble human insulin. Two 6‐month, randomized, controlled, multicentre, multinational, parallel‐group, open‐label trials reported significant reductions in haemoglobin A1c and major nocturnal hypoglycaemia with insulin aspart compared with soluble human insulins in patients with type 1 diabetes. There are fewer data involving insulin analogue use in hospitals and in elderly patients with diabetes, but some recent studies have investigated insulin aspart in the emergency department, intensive/non‐intensive care setting and in a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study in patients aged ≥ 65 years. In summary, the evidence would suggest that insulin aspart is suitable for use in a variety of patients with diabetes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organometallic cis‐Dichlorido Ruthenium(II) Ammine Complexes
Authors: Betanzos‐Lara Soledad , Habtemariam Abraha , Clarkson Guy J. , Sadler Peter J.
Published: June 2011

Bifunctional neutral half‐sandwich RuII complexes of the type [(η6‐arene)Ru(NH3)Cl2] where arene is p‐cym (1) or bip (2) were synthesised by the reaction of N,N‐dimethylbenzylamine (dmba), NH4PF6 and the corresponding RuII arene dimer, and were fully characterised. X‐ray crystallographic studies of [(η6‐p‐cym)Ru(NH3)Cl2]·{(dmba–H)(PF6)} (1a) and [(η6‐bip)Ru(NH3)Cl2] (2) show extensive H‐bond interactions in the solid state, mainly involving the NH3 and the Cl ligands, as well as weak aromatic stacking interactions. The half‐lives for the sequential hydrolysis of 1 and 2 determined by UV/Vis spectroscopy at 310 K ranged from a few minutes for the first aquation to ca. 45 min for the second aquation; the diaqua adducts were the predominant species at equilibrium. Arene loss during the aquation of complex 2 was observed. Upon hydrolysis, both complexes readily formed mono‐ and di‐9‐ethylguanine (9‐EtG) adducts in aqueous solution at 310 K. The reaction reached equilibrium after ca. 1.8 h in the case of complex 1 and was slower but more complete for complex 2 (before the onset of arene loss at ca. 2.7 h). Complexes 1 and 2 were not cytotoxic towards A2780 human ovarian cancer cells up to the maximum concentration tested (100 μM).
Reduction of Nitriles to Amines with H2 Catalyzed by Nonclassical Ruthenium Hydrides – Water‐Promoted Selectivity for Primary Amines and Mechanistic Investigations
Authors: Gunanathan Chidambaram , Hölscher Markus , Leitner Walter
Published: June 2011

Catalytic hydrogenation of nitriles to amines by nonclassical ruthenium hydride complexes derived from PNP pincer ligands is described. Aromatic as well as aliphatic nitriles are reduced to the corresponding primary amines. Hydrogen pressure influences the selectivity for the primary amines. The mechanism of nitrile reduction with nonclassical ruthenium hydride pincer complexes is investigated by DFT calculations. A catalytic cycle involving the coordination of nitrile trans to the pincer backbone after an initial hydride rearrangement at the ruthenium center, and the subsequent first transfer of the hydride ligand to the carbon center of the nitrile ligand is suggested as a possible reaction mechanism. Interestingly, the use of water as additive increases the selectivity for the primary amines and the rate of the reactions.
Synthesis of Optically Active Ferrocene‐Containing Platensimycin Derivatives with a C6–C7 Substitution Pattern
Authors: Patra Malay , Gasser Gilles , Wenzel Michaela , Merz Klaus , Bandow Julia E. , Metzler‐Nolte Nils
Published: June 2011

Concurrently with the emergence of purely organic derivatives of the naturally occurring antibiotic platensimycin (1a), herein, we describe the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of both the enantiomers of a C6–C7 ferrocene‐fused platensimycin derivative 2b. (S,SP)‐ and (R,RP)‐2b were prepared in nine steps starting from commercially available 4‐ferrocenyl‐4‐oxobutyric acid via highly diastereoselective Michael additions of optically active planar‐chiral ferrocene‐fused cyclohexanone derivatives (5) with acrylate ester as the key step. Manual superimposition of (S,SP)‐2b on platensimycin bound to the active site of its target enzyme FabF suggests that the former fits nicely in the active site and the C6–C7‐fused ferrocene occupies a pocket similarly to the C8–C9‐fused tetracyclic cage of 1a. Antimicrobial activities of (S,SP)‐ and (R,RP)‐2b were tested against various Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacterial strains.
Gold‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Nonterminal Propargylic Amides to Substituted Alkylideneoxazolines and ‐oxazines
Authors: Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Schuster Andreas M. , Schmuck Martin , Rominger Frank
Published: June 2011

The substrate scope of the gold‐catalyzed cyclization of nonterminal propargylic amides to oxazolines and oxazines was investigated. Sixteen alkyl‐substituted and 35 aryl‐substited substrates were prepared by a very variable route from trimethylsilyl‐(TMS‐)protected, nonterminal propargylamines. Steric and electronic influences of the substituents on product selectivity were studied. A chloromethyl substituent on the alkyne shows an efficient 1,4‐elimination to deliver vinyloxazoles. A second alkynyl group, tethered to the alkyl group at the alkyne, in some cases led to a gold catalysis/Alder–ene domino reaction. With Barluenga's reagent the iodoalkylideneoxazoline can be formed in excellent yield. In contrast to the palladium‐catalyzed protocols, the gold‐catalyzed conditions for the cyclization of nonterminal propargylic amides are much milder, thus, for example, no special precautions are needed to prevent isomerization of the oxazolines to the aromatic oxazoles.
Ethanol production from grass silage by simultaneous pretreatment, saccharification and fermentation: First steps in the process development
Authors: Sieker Tim , Neuner Andreas , Dimitrova Darina , Tippkötter Nils , Muffler Kai , Bart Hans‐Jörg , Heinzle Elmar , Ulber Roland
Published: June 2011

Grass silage provides a great potential as renewable feedstock. Two fractions of the grass silage, a press juice and the fiber fraction, were evaluated for their possible use for bioethanol production. Direct production of ethanol from press juice is not possible due to high concentrations of organic acids. For the fiber fraction, alkaline peroxide or enzymatic pretreatment was used, which removes the phenolic acids in the cell wall. In this study, we demonstrate the possibility to integrate the enzymatic pretreatment with a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation to achieve ethanol production from grass silage in a one‐process step. Achieved yields were about 53 g ethanol per kg silage with the alkaline peroxide pretreatment and 91 g/kg with the enzymatic pretreatment at concentrations of 8.5 and 14.6 g/L, respectively. Furthermore, it was shown that additional supplementation of the fermentation medium with vitamins, trace elements and nutrient salts is not necessary when the press juice is directly used in the fermentation step.