bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
291. TREATMENT OUTCOMES ACCORDING TO PATHOLOGICAL RESPONSE AFTER NEOADJUVANT CHEMORADIATION AND SURGEY IN OESOPHAGEAL CANCER
Authors: Anap Yogesh , Pawar Suraj
Published: August 2023

Background

Neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by surgery is now standard of care for resectable oesophageal cancer. The aim of this study was to analyse various parameters of treatment outcome with respect to pathologic complete responders (pCR) and pathological partial responders.

Methods

Consecutive 136 patients with operable oesophageal cancer, who received neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by oesophageal surgery between march 2013 to january 2023 were included. Data was extracted from electronically and physically maintained patient clinical records. Data was collected in mircosoft excel and analysed using Epi Info Version 7.2. Chi square test and student t test were used to test the difference between proportions and means respectively. All tests were 2 tailed and significance level was 0.05. Various demographic, clinical and treatment outcome parameters were analysed according to pathological complete responders (pCR) and pathological partial responders.

Results

Out of 136 patients, 112(82.3%) had squamous histology. Among 136 patients, 75(55%)had pCR. Postoperative complications were seen in 30(49.18%) of pCR group as compared to 24(32%) in partial responders (p = 0.04). Pulmonary 16(53%) vs 8(33%), cardiac 5(16%) vs 3(12%) and vocal cord palsy 6(20%) vs 8(32%) complications were seen in pCR vs partial responders respectively. 9(14.75%) of pCR group had recurrences as compared to 32(45.33%) in partial responders (p = 0.003). pCR group had distant recurrences in neck 4(66.6%) (p = 0.01) and liver 4(66%) as compared to 2(14.3%) and 4(28.5%) respectively in partial responders.

Conclusion

High pCR is seen due to more number of patients with squamous histology. pCR has more postoperative pulmonary and cardiac complications which may indicate inherent radiosensitivity and tissue fragility which mandates strict ERAS program and affirms deferred surgery and wait and watch policy for complete clinical responders. Recurrences in pCR are less but are seen mostly in distant sites indicating aggressive surveillance protocol.
337. PREDICTION OF PULMONARY METASTASIS IN ESOPHAGEAL CARCINOMA PATIENTS WITH INDETERMINATE
Authors: Chen Maohui , Bin Zheng , Hongjin Wang , Yizhou Huang , Shuliang Zhang , Taidui Zeng , Chun Chen
Published: August 2023

Background

Indeterminate pulmonary nodules (IPNs) are common after surgery for esophageal cancer. The paucity of data on postoperative IPNs for esophageal cancer causes a clinical dilemma.

Objective

The aim of this study was to identify the characteristics and clinical significance of IPNs after radical esophagectomy for metastatic esophageal cancer and determine the risk factors for pulmonary metastasis and construct a risk score model to standardize the appropriate time to either follow up or treat the patient.

Methods

All consecutive patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) who underwent radical surgery between 2013 and 2016 were included in this retrospective study. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors and develop risk score models.

Results

A total of 816 patients were enrolled in the study. During a median follow-up period of 45 months, IPNs were detected in 221 (27.1%) patients, of whom 66 (29.9%) were diagnosed with pulmonary metastases. The following five variables maintained prognostic significance after multivariate analyses: the pathologic N category, number of IPNs, shape of IPNs, time of detection of IPNs, and size of IPNs. The Pulmonary Metastasis Prediction Model (PMPM) scale ranges from 0 to 15 points and patients with higher scores have a higher probability of pulmonary metastases. After validated, the PMPM scale showed good discrimination with an AUC of 0.939.

Conclusion

A PMPM scale for IPNs in patients who underwent esophagectomy for ESCC may be clinically useful for diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making.
384. ROBUST CULTURE OF PATIENT-DERIVED ESOPHAGEAL ADENOCARCINOMA ORGANOIDS OF SINGLE CELL LINEAGE
Authors: Naeem Mansur , Shathasivam Premalatha , Rispoli Thaiane , Akhter Akhi , Aiyar Niharikaa , Wilson Gavin , Yeung Jonathan
Published: August 2023

Background

Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has a high mutational rate leading to significant intratumoral heterogeneity. We have previously generated patient-specific organoid models of EAC from endoscopic biopsies and resection specimens. It is unclear whether intratumoral heterogeneity is retained in these organoid models, but we did observe morphologic heterogeneity in these organoid cultures. In this study, we sought to generate methods to isolate clonal organoids from patient-derived EAC organoid cultures.

Methods

Patient derived EAC organoids were resuspended into single cell solution and dead cells were stained with DAPI. Automatic cell sorter was used to pipette a single live cell into Matrigel coated 96 well plate. Single cell per well was pipetted and checked within 24 hours using light microscope. Cells were coated with a second coat of Matrigel and media and allowed to grow into full size organoids. Organoids of single morphology were expanded and collected for further analysis.

Results

We have established a high-throughput method to culture patient-derived organoids deriving from a single cell, allowing for lineage analysis. Organoids grown from a single cell take up to 21 days to grow to a full-sized organoid of distinct morphology. We identified 4 distinct EAC organoid morphologies which we have designated: solid, cystic, budding, and grape.

Conclusion

Isolating EAC organoid morphology is the first step in studying inter- and intra- tumour heterogeneity in EAC organoids. This method allows for studying morphology-transcriptome and morphology-drug response correlations.
Was Spanish debt sustainable? A debt sustainability analysis between 1850 and 1913
Authors: Roldan Alba
Published: August 2023

At the end of the nineteenth century, Spain suffered from constant budget deficits. This article seeks to establish whether the Spanish debt was sustainable or not between 1850 and 1913 and how debt sustainability changed due to the various policies implemented by policymakers. This paper sheds new light on the analysis of Spanish fiscal solvency by estimating Bohn’s test (fiscal reaction function). The results are interpreted using narrative evidence and data from previous studies. The findings reveal that Spanish debt was unsustainable between 1850 and 1902 while the debt restructuring of Raimundo Fernández Villaverde made the Spanish public debt sustainable from 1902.
Electronic health record alerts for management of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction in hospitalized patients: the PROMPT-AHF trial
Authors: Ghazi Lama , Yamamoto Yu , Fuery Michael , O’Connor Kyle , Sen Sounok , Samsky Marc , Riello Ralph J , Dhar Ravi , Huang Joanna , Olufade Temitope , McDermott James , Inzucchi Silvio E , Velazquez Eric J , Wilson Francis Perry , Desai Nihar R , Ahmad Tariq
Published: August 2023

Background and Aims

Patients hospitalized for acute heart failure (AHF) continue to be discharged on an inadequate number of guideline-directed medical therapies (GDMT) despite evidence that inpatient initiation is beneficial. This study aimed to examine whether a tailored electronic health record (EHR) alert increased rates of GDMT prescription at discharge in eligible patients hospitalized for AHF.

Methods

Pragmatic trial of messaging to providers about treatment of acute heart failure (PROMPT-AHF) was a pragmatic, multicenter, EHR-based, and randomized clinical trial. Patients were automatically enrolled 48 h after admission if they met pre-specified criteria for an AHF hospitalization. Providers of patients in the intervention arm received an alert during order entry with relevant patient characteristics along with individualized GDMT recommendations with links to an order set. The primary outcome was an increase in the number of GDMT prescriptions at discharge.

Results

Thousand and twelve patients were enrolled between May 2021 and November 2022. The median age was 74 years; 26% were female, and 24% were Black. At the time of the alert, 85% of patients were on β-blockers, 55% on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker/angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor, 20% on mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) and 17% on sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor. The primary outcome occurred in 34% of both the alert and no alert groups [adjusted risk ratio (RR): 0.95 (0.81, 1.12), P = .99]. Patients randomized to the alert arm were more likely to have an increase in MRA [adjusted RR: 1.54 (1.10, 2.16), P = .01]. At the time of discharge, 11.2% of patients were on all four pillars of GDMT.

Conclusions

A real-time, targeted, and tailored EHR-based alert system for AHF did not lead to a higher number of overall GDMT prescriptions at discharge. Further refinement and improvement of such alerts and changes to clinician incentives are needed to overcome barriers to the implementation of GDMT during hospitalizations for AHF. GDMT remains suboptimal in this setting, with only one in nine patients being discharged on a comprehensive evidence-based regimen for heart failure.
Determinants of acute irreversible electroporation lesion characteristics after pulsed field ablation: the role of voltage, contact, and adipose interference
Authors: Gasperetti Alessio , Assis Fabrizio , Tripathi Hemantkumar , Suzuki Masahito , Gonuguntla Akhilesh , Shah Rushil , Sampognaro James , Schiavone Marco , Karmarkar Parag , Tandri Harikrishna
Published: August 2023

Aims

Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is a non-thermal ablative approach in which cardiomyocyte death is obtained through irreversible electroporation (IRE). Data correlating the biophysical characteristics of IRE and lesion characteristics are limited. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of different procedural parameters [voltage, number of cycles (NoCs), and contact] on lesion characteristics in a vegetal and animal model for IRE.

Methods and results

Two hundred and four Russet potatoes were used. Pulsed field ablation lesions were delivered on 3 cm cored potato specimens using a multi-electrode circular catheter with its dedicated IRE generator. Different voltage (from 300 to 1200 V) and NoC (from 1 to 5×) protocols were used. The impact of 0.5 and 1 mm catheter-to-specimen distances was tested. A swine animal model was then used to validate the results observed in the vegetable model. The association between voltage, the NoCs, distance, and lesion depth was assessed through linear regression. An almost perfect linear association between lesion depth and voltage was observed (R2 = 0.95; P < 0.001). A similarly linear relationship was observed between the NoCs and the lesion depth (R2 = 0.73; P < 0.001). Compared with controls at full contact, a significant dampening on lesion depth was observed at 0.5 mm distance (1000 V 2×: 2.11 ± 0.12 vs. 0.36 ± 0.04, P < 0.001; 2.63 ± 0.10 vs. 0.43 ± 0.08, P < 0.001). No lesions were observed at 1.0 mm distance.

Conclusion

In a vegetal and animal model for IRE assessment, PFA lesion characteristics were found to be strongly dependent on voltage settings and the NoCs, with a quasi-linear relationship. The lack of catheter contact was associated with a dampening in lesion depth.
Performance of a multi-sensor implantable defibrillator algorithm for heart failure monitoring in the presence of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Boriani Giuseppe , Bertini Matteo , Manzo Michele , Calò Leonardo , Santini Luca , Savarese Gianluca , Dello Russo Antonio , Santobuono Vincenzo Ezio , Lavalle Carlo , Viscusi Miguel , Amellone Claudia , Calvanese Raimondo , Santoro Amato , Rapacciuolo Antonio , Ziacchi Matteo , Arena Giuseppe , Imberti Jacopo F , Campari Monica , Valsecchi Sergio , D’Onofrio Antonio
Published: August 2023

Aims

The HeartLogic Index combines data from multiple implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) sensors and has been shown to accurately stratify patients at risk of heart failure (HF) events. We evaluated and compared the performance of this algorithm during sinus rhythm and during long-lasting atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods and results

HeartLogic was activated in 568 ICD patients from 26 centres. We found periods of ≥30 consecutive days with an atrial high-rate episode (AHRE) burden <1 h/day and periods with an AHRE burden ≥20 h/day. We then identified patients who met both criteria during the follow-up (AHRE group, n = 53), to allow pairwise comparison of periods. For control purposes, we identified patients with an AHRE burden <1 h throughout their follow-up and implemented 2:1 propensity score matching vs. the AHRE group (matched non-AHRE group, n = 106). In the AHRE group, the rate of alerts was 1.2 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0–1.5]/patient-year during periods with an AHRE burden <1 h/day and 2.0 (95% CI: 1.5–2.6)/patient-year during periods with an AHRE-burden ≥20 h/day (P = 0.004). The rate of HF hospitalizations was 0.34 (95% CI: 0.15–0.69)/patient-year during IN-alert periods and 0.06 (95% CI: 0.02–0.14)/patient-year during OUT-of-alert periods (P < 0.001). The IN/OUT-of-alert state incidence rate ratio of HF hospitalizations was 8.59 (95% CI: 1.67–55.31) during periods with an AHRE burden <1 h/day and 2.70 (95% CI: 1.01–28.33) during periods with an AHRE burden ≥20 h/day. In the matched non-AHRE group, the rate of HF hospitalizations was 0.29 (95% CI: 0.12–0.60)/patient-year during IN-alert periods and 0.04 (95% CI: 0.02–0.08)/patient-year during OUT-of-alert periods (P < 0.001). The incidence rate ratio was 7.11 (95% CI: 2.19–22.44).

Conclusion

Patients received more alerts during periods of AF. The ability of the algorithm to identify increased risk of HF events was confirmed during AF, despite a lower IN/OUT-of-alert incidence rate ratio in comparison with non-AF periods and non-AF patients.

Clinical Trial Registration

http://clinicaltrials.gov/Identifier: NCT02275637
Mapping structures on the core–mantle boundary using Sdiff postcursors: Part I. Method and Validation
Authors: Martin Carl , Bodin Thomas , Cottaar Sanne
Published: August 2023

Ultra-low velocity zones (ULVZs) are patches of extremely slow seismic velocities on the core–mantle boundary (CMB). Here, we target them using the postcursors to S core-diffracted phases (Sdiff) caused by ULVZs. We use traveltimes of these postcursors to make probabilistic maps using a reversible-jump Markov chain Monte Carlo inversion setup. For the forward model, we extend 2-D wave front tracking (2DWT) software, previously developed for surface wave multipathing studies, to the CMB. The 2DWT is able to model the full multipathing behaviour of Sdiff postcursors and compute arrival times for a given ULVZ input velocity structure on the order of a few CPU seconds, as opposed to 100s of CPU hours required for 3-D full waveform synthetics. We validate the method using synthetic data sets produced by the 2DWT, as well as 3-D full waveform synthetics, using a parametrisation formed from a collection of ellipses. We also test idealistic data coverage versus a case of more realistic coverage. We show ULVZ size and velocity reduction can typically be well recovered, and our maps show the inherent trade-off between these parameters around the edge of the ULVZ. Our method cannot directly constrain ULVZ height; tests show that it underestimates ULVZ velocity reductions and overestimates ellipticity for thinner ULVZs due to neglecting mantle effects.
Partridge v Crittenden [1968] 1 WLR 1204
Authors: Jackson Nicola
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Contract Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Partridge v Crittenden [1968] 1 WLR 1204. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Nicola Jackson.
Rock Advertising Ltd v MWB Business Exchange Centres Ltd [2018] UKSC 24
Authors: Jackson Nicola
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Contract Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Rock Advertising Ltd v MWB Business Exchange Centres Ltd [2018] UKSC 24. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Nicola Jackson.
Great Peace Shipping Ltd v Tsavliris Salvage (International) Ltd [2002] EWCA Civ 1407
Authors: Jackson Nicola
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Contract Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Great Peace Shipping Ltd v Tsavliris Salvage (International) Ltd [2002] EWCA Civ 1407. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Nicola Jackson.
Spice Girls Ltd v Aprilia World Service [2002] EWCA Civ 15
Authors: Jackson Nicola
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Contract Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Spice Girls Ltd v Aprilia World Service [2002] EWCA Civ 15. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Nicola Jackson.
With v O’Flanagan [1936] Ch 575
Authors: Jackson Nicola
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Contract Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in With v O’Flanagan [1936] Ch 575. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Nicola Jackson.
L’Estrange v Graucob Ltd [1934] 2 KB 394
Authors: Jackson Nicola
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Contract Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in L’Estrange v Graucob Ltd [1934] 2 KB 394. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Nicola Jackson.
Lombard North Central plc v Butterworth [1987] QB 527
Authors: Jackson Nicola
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Contract Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Lombard North Central plc v Butterworth [1987] QB 527. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Nicola Jackson.
One Step (Support) Ltd v Morris-Garner [2019] AC 649; [2018] UKSC 20
Authors: Jackson Nicola
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Contract Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in One Step (Support) Ltd v Morris-Garner [2018] UKSC 20. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Nicola Jackson.
Vandervell v Inland Revenue Commissioners [1967] 2 AC 291, House of Lords
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Vandervell v Inland Revenue Commissioners [1967] 2 AC 291, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Royal Brunei Airlines Sdn Bhd v Tan [1995] 2 AC 378, Privy Council
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Royal Brunei Airlines Sdn Bhd v Tan [1995] 2 AC 378, Privy Council. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Tang Man Sit v Capacious Investments [1996] AC 514, Privy Council
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Tang Man Sit v Capacious Investments [1996] AC 514, Privy Council. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Independent Trustee Services Ltd v GP Noble Trustees Ltd [2012] EWCA Civ 195, Court of Appeal
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Independent Trustee Services Ltd v GP Noble Trustees Ltd [2012] EWCA Civ 195, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Barclays Bank Plc v O’Brien [1994] 1 AC 180, House of Lords
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Barclays Bank Plc v O’Brien [1994] 1 AC 180, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
NV Algemene Transport- en Expeditie Onderneming Van Gend en Loos (Case 26/62), EU:C:1963:1, [1963] ECR 1, 5 February 1963
Authors: O'Meara Noreen
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in NV Algemene Transport- en Expeditie Onderneming Van Gend en Loos (Case 26/62), EU:C:1963:1 [1963] ECR 1, 5 February 1963. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Noreen O'Meara.
Defrenne v SABENA (‘Defrenne II’) (Case 43/75), EU:C:1976:56, [1976] ECR 455, 8 April 1976
Authors: O'Meara Noreen
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Defrenne v SABENA (‘Defrenne II’) (Case 43/75), EU:C:1976:56, [1976] ECR 455, 8 April 1976. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Noreen O'Meara.
Srl CILFIT and Lanificio di Gavardo SpA v Ministry of Health (Case 283/81), EU:C:1982:335, [1982] ECR 3415, 6 October 1982
Authors: O'Meara Noreen
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Srl CILFIT and Lanificio di Gavardo SpA v Ministry of Health (Case 283/81), EU:C:1982:335, [1982] ECR 3415, 6 October 1982. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Noreen O'Meara.
Kadi and Al Barakaat International Foundation v Council and Commission (‘Kadi I’) (Joined Cases C-402/05 P and C-415/05 P), EU:C:2008:461, [2008] ECR I-6351, 3 September 2008.
Authors: O'Meara Noreen
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Kadi and Al Barakaat International Foundation v Council and Commission (‘Kadi I’) (Joined Cases C-402/05 P and C-415/05 P), EU:C:2008:461, [2008] ECR I-6351, 3 September 2008. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Noreen O'Meara.
Janko Rottmann v Freistaadt Bayern (Case C-135/08), EU:C:2010:104, [2010] ECR I-1449, 2 March 2010
Authors: O'Meara Noreen
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Janko Rottmann v Freistaadt Bayern (Case C-135/08), EU:C:2010:104, [2010] ECR I-1449, 2 March 2010. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Noreen O'Meara.
Prosecutor v Hans Åkerberg Fransson (Case C-617/10), EU:C:2013:105, [2013] 2 CMLR 46, 26 February 2013
Authors: O'Meara Noreen
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Prosecutor v Hans Åkerberg Fransson (Case C-617/10), EU:C:2013:105, [2013] 2 CMLR 46, 26 February 2013. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Noreen O'Meara.
Digital Rights Ireland and Seitlinger and others v Minister for Communications, Marine and Natural Resources and others (Joined cases C-293/12 and C-594/12), EU:C:2014:238, [2014] ECR I-238, 8 April 2014
Authors: O'Meara Noreen
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Digital Rights Ireland and Seitlinger and others v Minister for Communications, Marine and Natural Resources and others (Joined cases C-293/12 and C-594/12), EU:C:2014:238, [2014] ECR I-238, 8 April 2014. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Noreen O'Meara.
Elitestone v Morris [1997] 1 WLR 687, House of Lords
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Elitestone v Morris [1997] 1 WLR 687, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Baker v Craggs [2018] EWCA Civ 1126
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Baker v Craggs [2018] EWCA Civ 1126, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Midland Bank Trust Co. Ltd v Green [1981] AC 513, House of Lords
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Midland Bank Trust Co. Ltd v Green [1981] AC 513, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Ashburn Anstalt v WJ Arnold & Co. Ltd [1989] Ch 1, Court of Appeal
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Ashburn Anstalt v WJ Arnold & Co. Ltd [1989] Ch 1, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Manchester Airport v Dutton [2000] 1 QB 133, Court of Appeal
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Manchester Airport v Dutton [2000] 1 QB 133, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Prudential Assurance Co. Ltd v London Residuary Body [1992] 2 AC 386, House of Lords
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Prudential Assurance Co. Ltd v London Residuary Body [1992] 2 AC 386, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Street v Mountford [1985] AC 809, House of Lords
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Street v Mountford [1985] AC 809, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Rhone v Stephens [1994] 2 AC 310, House of Lords
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Rhone v Stephens [1994] 2 AC 310, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Burmah Oil Company v Lord Advocate [1965] AC 75, House of Lords
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Burmah Oil Company v Lord Advocate [1965] AC 75, House of Lords. This case, read together with the War Damage Act 1965, outlines the capacity of Parliament to enact retroactive legislation. The case note discusses this in the context of the rule of law and parliamentary sovereignty. The document also includes supporting commentary and questions from author Thomas Webb.
Imperial Tobacco Ltd v The Lord Advocate (Scotland) [2012] UKSC 61, Supreme Court
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Imperial Tobacco Ltd v The Lord Advocate (Scotland) [2012] UKSC 61, Supreme Court. This case concerned the devolved legislative competence of the Scottish Parliament, the powers reserved to the Westminster Parliament under the Scotland Act 1998, and how these provisions should be interpreted. The statutory interpretation of constitutional legislation is also considered. The document also includes supporting commentary and questions from author Thomas Webb.
M v Home Office [1994] 1 AC 377, House of Lords (also known as Re M)
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in M v Home Office [1994] 1 AC 377, House of Lords (also known as Re M). The case considered whether the courts had the power to issue injunctions against government departments and the ministers attached to them, and whether the rule of law required that those departments and ministers could be held in contempt of court for breach of court orders. The document also includes supporting commentary and questions from author Thomas Webb.
Pham v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2015] UKSC 19, Supreme Court
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Pham v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2015] UKSC 19, Supreme Court. This case considers the introduction of proportionality as a ground of judicial review beyond human rights and European Union law in the United Kingdom. The relationship between proportionality and Wednesbury unreasonableness is also discussed. The document also includes supporting commentary and questions from author Thomas Webb.
R v Secretary for the Home Department, ex parte Pierson [1998] AC 539, House of Lords
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R v Secretary for the Home Department, ex parte Pierson [1998] AC 539, House of Lords. This case explored whether a decision-maker acting in a quasi-judicial capacity was bound by the same decision-making standards as the courts including, for example, whether retrospective decision-making was permitted. As well as these rule of law considerations, it also raises questions as regards the division or separation of functions within the constitution. The document also includes supporting commentary and questions from author Thomas Webb.
R (on the application of H) v London North and East Region Mental Health Review Tribunal [2001] EWCA Civ 415, Court of Appeal
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R (on the application of H) v London North and East Region Mental Health Review Tribunal [2001] EWCA Civ 415, Court of Appeal. This case concerned whether the language of ss 72–73 of the Mental Health Act 1983 could be read in such a way as to be compatible with the Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA), under s. 4 of that Act, or whether such an interpretation was not possible. In the latter case, the court should consider making a declaration of incompatibility. This note explores s. 4 HRA declarations of incompatibility. The document also includes supporting commentary and questions from author Thomas Webb
R (on the application of Miller and Cherry) v Prime Minister and Advocate General for Scotland [2019] UKSC 41, Supreme Court
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case note summarizes the facts and decision in R (on the application of Miller and Cherry) v Prime Minister and Advocate General for Scotland [2019] UKSC 41, Supreme Court. This case concerned the constitutional-legal limits on a Prime Minister’s capacity to advise the monarch to exercise their power to prorogue Parliament. The document also includes supporting commentary and questions from author Thomas Webb.
R (on the application of Nicklinson) v Ministry of Justice [2014] UKSC 38, Supreme Court
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R (on the application of Nicklinson) v Ministry of Justice [2014] UKSC 38, Supreme Court. The case concerned assisted dying, specifically whether s. 2 of the Suicide Act 1961 was incompatible with the Human Rights Act 1998 (Nicklinson and Lambs’ cases), and whether the prosecution guidance on assisting someone to commit suicide issued by the Director of Public Prosecutions was sufficiently clear (Martin’s case). However, the primary focus of this case note is on the justices’ discussion of the respective competences of Parliament and the courts to resolve the legal issues in this area. The document also includes supporting commentary and questions from author Thomas Webb.
Reference by the Attorney General and the Advocate General for Scotland—United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (Incorporation) (Scotland) Bill and European Charter of Local Self-Government (Incorporation) (Scotland) Bill [2021] UKSC 42, Supreme Court (also known as the Incorporation References Case)
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Reference by the Attorney General and the Advocate General for Scotland—United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (Incorporation) (Scotland) Bill and European Charter of Local Self-Government (Incorporation) (Scotland) Bill [2021] UKSC 42, Supreme Court (also known as the Incorporation References Case). On its face, this case concerns the two Bills of the Scottish Parliament which sought to incorporate two international treaties into Scots law. More significnatly, this case—alongside the Continuity Bill Reference case—speaks to the nature of the devolution settlement, its democratic credentials, and the relationship between the UK Supreme Court, the devolved institutions, and the Westminster Parliament. The document also includes supporting commentary and questions from author, Thomas Webb.
Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
McFarlane v Tayside Health Board [2000] 2 AC 59
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in McFarlane v Tayside Health Board [2000] 2 AC 59. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Spartan Steel & Alloys Ltd v Martin and Co. (Contractors) Ltd [1973] 1 QB 27
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Spartan Steel & Alloys Ltd v Martin and Co. (Contractors) Ltd [1973] 1 QB 27. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee [1957] 1 WLR 582
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee [1957] 1 WLR 582. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Fairchild v Glenhaven Funeral Services Ltd [2003] 1 AC 32
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Fairchild v Glenhaven Funeral Services Ltd [2003] 1 AC 32. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Reeves v Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis [2000] 1 AC 360
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Reeves v Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis [2000] 1 AC 360. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Iqbal v Prison Officers Association [2010] QB 732
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Iqbal v Prison Officers Association [2010] QB 732. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
R v Miller [1983] 2 AC 161, House of Lords
Authors: Herring Jonathan
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Criminal Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R v Miller [1983] 2 AC 161, House of Lords. The document also included supporting commentary from author Jonathan Herring.
R v Wallace [2019] EWCA Crim 690, Court of Appeal
Authors: Herring Jonathan
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Criminal Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R v Wallace [2019] EWCA Crim 690, Court of Appeal. The document also included supporting commentary from author Jonathan Herring.
R v Field [2021] EWCA Crim 380, Court of Appeal
Authors: Herring Jonathan
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Criminal Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R v Field [2021] EWCA Crim 380, Court of Appeal. The document also included supporting commentary from author Jonathan Herring.
R v Dowds [2012] EWCA 2576, Court of Appeal
Authors: Herring Jonathan
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Criminal Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R v Dowds [2012] EWCA 2576, Court of Appeal. The document also included supporting commentary from author Jonathan Herring.
R v Cristea [2021] EWCA Crim 1597, Court of Appeal
Authors: Herring Jonathan
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Criminal Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R v Cristea [2021] EWCA Crim 1597, Court of Appeal. The document also included supporting commentary from author Jonathan Herring.
R v Collins [1973] QB 100, Court of Appeal
Authors: Herring Jonathan
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Criminal Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R v Collins [1973] QB 100, Court of Appeal. The document also included supporting commentary from author Jonathan Herring.
R v Gomez [1993] AC 442, House of Lords
Authors: Herring Jonathan
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Criminal Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R v Gomez [1993] AC 442, House of Lords. The document also included supporting commentary from author Jonathan Herring.
R v Coley [2013] EWCA Crim 223, Court of Appeal
Authors: Herring Jonathan
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Criminal Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R v Coley [2013] EWCA Crim 223, Court of Appeal. The document also included supporting commentary from author Jonathan Herring.
R v Bowen [1996] EWCA Crim 1792, Court of Appeal
Authors: Herring Jonathan
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Criminal Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R v Bowen [1996] EWCA Crim 1792, Court of Appeal. The document also included supporting commentary from author Jonathan Herring.
R v Jogee [2016] UKSC 8, Supreme Court
Authors: Herring Jonathan
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Criminal Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R v Jogee [2016] UKSC 8, Supreme Court. The document also included supporting commentary from author Jonathan Herring.
R v Pace and Rogers [2014] EWCA Crim 186, Court of Appeal
Authors: Herring Jonathan
Published: August 2023

Essential Cases: Criminal Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R v Pace and Rogers [2014] EWCA Crim 186, Court of Appeal. The document also included supporting commentary from author Jonathan Herring.
5. Copyright 4: exceptions and limitations
Authors: Brown Abbe , Kheria Smita , Cornwell Jane , Iljadica Marta
Published: August 2023

This chapter discusses exceptions and limitations to the rights of the copyright owner. Copyright law establishes many such exceptions and limitations, listed in the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (CDPA 1988) as the ‘permitted acts’. These acts can be carried out in relation to the copyright work without the owner’s permission or, in some cases, can be performed subject to terms and conditions specified by the statute rather than by the copyright owner. The chapter discusses the influence of the international framework and EU directives on exceptions and limitations. It analyses the ‘permitted acts’ and discusses the freedoms afforded through them to users of protected works in the UK, and also briefly considers how far they may be set aside by contractual provision.
9. Unregistered designs
Authors: Brown Abbe , Kheria Smita , Cornwell Jane , Iljadica Marta
Published: August 2023

This chapter discusses unregistered design protection. The chapter examines the UK unregistered design right established by Part III of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, and analyses the Community unregistered design which provides unregistered design protection across the EU. The chapter also considers in more detail the evolving and complex interaction between design protection and copyright in UK law, and the implications of Brexit for unregistered design protection, including the UK’s creation of two further UK domestic unregistered design rights, the continuing unregistered design and the supplementary unregistered design.
20. EU competition law and intellectual property
Authors: Brown Abbe , Kheria Smita , Cornwell Jane , Iljadica Marta
Published: August 2023

This chapter provides an overview of the tension between the application of European Union (EU) competition law and the exercise of intellectual property (IP) rights. Key issues are the circumstances in which competition law may be applied to moderate the exercise of IP rights in the relevant market; clauses in intellectual property licensing agreements between undertakings that might be permissible in terms of EU competition law and those which are not; the conditions under which a refusal to supply products protected by an IP right might constitute an abuse of a dominant position by the right holder; and when competition law can provide a defence to an infringement action. The chapter also considers the implications of Brexit.
6. Charitable Trusts
Authors: Virgo Graham
Published: August 2023

This chapter examines charitable trusts in England. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of recognizing a charitable trust and explains the conditions that must be met in order for a trust to be considered charitable. The chapter considers the different meaning of a charitable purpose as it has been defined in cases and by statute, such as for the advancement of education or religion and the relief of poverty. It examines the meaning of the public benefit requirement and also considers the requirements that purposes must be exclusively charitable. This chapter also considers the cy-près doctrine which applies where a charitable purpose has failed initially or subsequently.
9. Constructive Trusts
Authors: Virgo Graham
Published: August 2023

This chapter examines the nature of the constructive trust. It explains that a trust is considered constructive when it arises by operation of law, typically as a result of the defendant’s unconscionable conduct. The chapter discusses the theoretical foundations of constructive trusts and describes different interpretations of the constructive trust, which include institutional and remedial constructive trusts. This chapter also considers the conditions under which institutional constructive trusts will be recognized and explains that, though a constructive trust is a real trust, it does not follow that a constructive trustee is under the same obligations as any other type of trustee. The chapter also examines whether the remedial constructive trust should be recognized in English law or whether a different interpretation of the trust should be recognized involving a modified institutional constructive trust.
11. Beneficiaries
Authors: Virgo Graham
Published: August 2023

This chapter examines the nature of the rights of the beneficiaries of a trust, particularly where there is an express trust. It explains that the beneficiary gains equitable rights once a private trust has been validly created and they can enforce these rights against the trustee. It emphasizes that the nature of the right that is enforceable by the beneficiary depends on the nature of the trust that has been established and that the rights of beneficiaries under resulting and constructive trusts are limited. This chapter also considers the formality requirements for the disposition of equitable interests and when it is possible for the beneficiaries to terminate the trust.
16. The Variation of Trusts
Authors: Virgo Graham
Published: August 2023

This chapter considers issues concerning the process of changing the terms of a trust. It explains that a trustee cannot make any changes in the terms of a trust but the court can confer on the trustees a statutory power to vary the terms of the trust upon application of the trustee or a person beneficially entitled under the trust. This statutory power may not be used to alter any of the beneficial interests under the trust. This chapter also discusses the provisions of the Variation of Trusts Act 1958 which gives the court the power to approve by order any arrangement that revokes or varies a trust or enlarges the powers of the trustees to manage or administer the trust property.