bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calcium supplementation reverts central adiposity, leptin, and insulin resistance in adult offspring programed by neonatal nicotine exposure
Authors: Nobre J L , Lisboa P C , Santos-Silva A P , Lima N S , Manhães A C , Nogueira-Neto J F , Cabanelas A , Pazos-Moura C C , Moura E G , de Oliveira E
Published: June 2011

Obesity is a worldwide epidemic. Calcium influences energy metabolism regulation, causing body weight loss. Because maternal nicotine exposure during lactation programs for obesity, hyperleptinemia, insulin resistance (IR), and hypothyroidism, we decided to evaluate the possible effect of dietary calcium supplementation on these endocrine dysfunctions in this experimental model. Osmotic minipumps containing nicotine solution (N: 6 mg/kg per day for 14 days) or saline (C) were s.c. implanted in lactating rats 2 days after giving birth (P2). At P120, N and C offspring were subdivided into four groups: 1) C – standard diet; 2) C with calcium supplementation (CCa, 10 g calcium carbonate/kg rat chow); 3) N – standard diet; and 4) N with calcium supplementation (NCa). Rats were killed at P180. As expected, N offspring showed higher visceral and total body fat, hyperleptinemia, lower hypothalamus leptin receptor (OB-R) content, hyperinsulinemia, and higher IR index. Also, higher tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression (+51%), catecholamine content (+37%), and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3(+76%) were observed in N offspring. Dietary calcium supplementation reversed adiposity, hyperleptinemia, OB-R underexpression, IR, TH overexpression, and vitamin D. However, this supplementation did not reverse hypothyroidism. In NCa offspring,Sirt1mRNA was lower in visceral fat (−37%) and higher in liver (+42%). In conclusion, dietary calcium supplementation seems to revert most of the metabolic syndrome parameters observed in adult offspring programed by maternal nicotine exposure during lactation. It is conceivable that the reduction in fat massper se, induced by calcium therapy, is the main mechanism that leads to the increment of insulin action.
Longevidade de sementes de camu-camu submetidas a diferentes ambientes e formas de conservação
Authors: Yuyama Kaoru , Mendes Nalu Bandeira , Valente João Pedro
Published: June 2011

O camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia (H.B.K.) McVaugh) produz fruto com grande potencial para extração de ácido ascórbico, que apresenta relevante importância econômica e social, com inúmeras aplicações industriais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes formas de conservação e ambientes de armazenamento, sobre a manutenção da viabilidade das sementes. O delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, utilizando parcelas subsubdivididas, onde os fatores foram: ambiente de armazenamento (ao ar livre, em água, em câmara a 5 e a 10 ºC), forma de conservação (sementes com polpa - CP, sementes sem polpa - SP e sementes lavadas e tratadas - LT) e período de armazenamento (0; 2; 4 e 6 meses). O critério de avaliação adotado foi a protrusão da raiz primária. As sementes armazenadas em água, nas formas SP e LT, apresentaram germinação maior que 90%. As sementes nas formas CP e LT, armazenadas a 5 e a 10 ºC, tiveram germinação acima de 89%. O armazenamento em água e ao ar livre não afetou a germinação, podendo as sementes serem armazenadas durante o período de seis e quatro meses, respectivamente. As sementes CP, armazenadas em água, tiveram menor tempo médio para germinação. O índice de velocidade de germinação aumentou com o período de armazenamento e foi maior nas sementes armazenadas na água em todos os períodos. As sementes com polpa apresentaram menor índice de velocidade de germinação em todo o período de armazenamento avaliado.
Alguns momentos do debate sobre as teorias do 'não-si' e das 'duas verdades' na história da filosofia buddhista
Authors: Ferraro Giuseppe
Published: June 2011

O artigo reconstrói alguns momentos salientes do desenvolvimento das doutrinas do 'não-si' e das 'duas verdades' na história da filosofia buddhista, desde as formulações originárias do buddhismo de base, às conclusões alcançadas por Nāgārjuna, o fundador da escola mahāyāna do Madhyamaka. Ao longo dessa sintética reconstrução, algumas passagens das Mūlamadhyamikakārikās de Nāgārjuna, cruciais para entender a sua (controversa) concepção epistemológica, mostrar-se-ão semelhantes, no tocante à estruturação e ao desenvolvimento do discurso, à primeira parte das Milinda Pañha, um diálogo para-canônico que escolhe uma abordagem apofática para tratar o tema da 'verdade última'. Tal paralelismo formal entre as passagens dos dois textos sugere a possibilidade de uma correspondência 'substancial' entre a concepção nagarjuniana e aquela das Milinda Pañha no que se refere ao 'ultimamente verdadeiro'.
The Hegel's Vorlesungen über die Philosophie der Religion (1821-1831) sources and critical editions from Marheineke to Jaeschke
Authors: Giordano Diego
Published: June 2011

In this paper I provide a concise plan about Hegel's Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion critical editions, laying stress on the method followed by editors in order to build a coherent text with the sources at their disposal. The Marheineke's edition (1832) is analysed with special attention since it was the edition that caused the division between a Right and a Left, opening the discussion on speculative theism as a consequence of the difficulty to distinguish the systematic part from the historical one in the reasoning carried out by Hegel.
Maturação de sementes de abobrinha menina brasileira
Authors: Marrocos Saulo de Tarcio Pereira , Medeiros Maria Aparecida de , Grangeiro Leilson Costa , Torres Salvador Barros , Lucena Rafaella Rayane Macedo de
Published: June 2011

O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar a maturidade fisiológica de sementes de abobrinha, cultivar Menina Brasileira, em função da idade dos frutos. As sementes foram provenientes de frutos colhidos aos 20, 30, 40, 50 e 60 dias após a antese (DAA). O cultivo das abobrinhas foi realizado no campus central da Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido (UFERSA), Mossoró, RN, no período de dezembro de 2007 a março de 2008. Após a colheita, os frutos passaram por um período de repouso com posterior extração das sementes, para determinação do teor de água e da massa seca. A qualidade fisiológica foi avaliada por meio dos testes de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de emergência e envelhecimento acelerado. O teor de água das sementes decresceu de 76 a 49% no período avaliado. Observam-se acréscimos na qualidade fisiológica das sementes com a idade dos frutos, que atingiram a maturidade fisiológica em torno dos 60 DAA, embora sua colheita possa ser realizada entre 50 e 60 DAA.
Pré-hidratação e avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de soja
Authors: Silva Katiane da Rosa Gomes da , Villela Francisco Amaral
Published: June 2011

Sementes de soja submetidas à rápida hidratação podem sofrer danos por embebição, cuja intensidade depende do cultivar e do teor de água inicial das sementes. O presente trabalho objetivou estudar alterações fisiológicas determinadas por métodos de pré-hidratação para minimização do dano por embebição. Foram utilizados três lotes de cada cultivar de soja, de tamanho uniforme, CD 202 e CD 215, caracterizados quanto ao teor de água, germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, envelhecimento acelerado, condutividade elétrica e emergência de plântulas em campo. Os teores de água das sementes foram ajustados para 7,5; 10,5 e 13,5%. A seguir, as sementes foram submetidas a tratamentos de pré-hidratação em atmosfera saturada e em substrato umedecido, por quatro e seis horas e, posteriormente, avaliadas pelos testes de condutividade elétrica após 24 horas, germinação e emergência de plântulas em campo. Os tratamentos de pré-hidratação em atmosfera saturada e substrato umedecido, por quatro e seis horas mostraram-se eficientes na diminuição de danos causados às sementes com baixo teor de água, sendo mais expressivo nas sementes de cultivar CD 202. No entanto, a pré-hidratação em substrato umedecido por seis horas foi o mais eficiente para os dois genótipos, ao proporcionar menor quantidade de solutos lixiviados, tendo em vista o menor valor obtido pelo teste de condutividade elétricaz e promover melhor desempenho das sementes nos testes de germinação e de emergência de plântulas em campo.
Liberação de benzoato de cálcio de filmes de alginato de sódio reticulados com íons cálcio
Authors: Turbiani Franciele R. B. , Kieckbusch Theo G. , Gimenes Marcelino L.
Published: June 2011

Biofilmes confeccionados à base de alginato de sódio foram reticulados com íons Ca++ provenientes de duas fontes, cloreto e benzoato de cálcio, e continham glicerol como plastificante. Inicialmente, devido ao alto poder gelificante do Ca++, um filme de baixo grau de reticulação foi confeccionado por casting (1º estágio). Esse filme sofreu uma reticulação complementar por imersão em uma solução contendo de 3 a 7% de CaCl2.2H2O, além de glicerol (2º estágio). A liberação de benzoato de cálcio foi avaliada em diferentes concentrações de agente ativo no filme e dois níveis de reticulação do alginato. O mecanismo envolvido no processo de difusão foi investigado usando o modelo da Lei de Potência. Os resultados indicaram que a difusão de benzoato de cálcio em filmes de alginato apresenta características de comportamentos Fickiano e não-Fickiano. Os coeficientes de difusão efetivos obtidos usando a solução em série derivada da 2ª Lei de Fick são próximos aos valores obtidos pela solução em tempos curtos, com valores de difusividade efetiva do benzoato variando de 3 a 5.10-7 cm²/s. Os valores de difusividade diminuíram com o aumento da intensidade de reticulação e aumentaram com a concentração de benzoato no filme.
Misturas NR/SBR: influência da ordem de adição dos aditivos da mistura e do tipo de carga sobre propriedades mecânicas
Authors: Coelho Daniel de B. , Mariano Roberta M. , Zine Carmen L. G. , Nunes Regina C. R. , Visconte Leila L. Y.
Published: June 2011

Neste trabalho foram preparadas misturas de borracha natural (NR) e copolímero de estireno-butadieno (SBR) na proporção 1:1 em massa. A sequência de adição dos aditivos e a influência de cargas, como negro de fumo e mica, foram avaliadas com relação a propriedades físico-mecânicas. As misturas, feitas em misturador aberto de rolos segundo a norma ASTM D 3182, foram realizadas de quatro modos diferentes para a incorporação dos aditivos. Os vulcanizados foram investigados com relação às propriedades reométricas, propriedades mecânicas de resistências à tração e ao rasgamento, dureza (shore A) e pela densidade de ligações cruzadas, de acordo a respectiva norma ASTM. Os resultados mostram que melhores desempenhos são obtidos quando os aditivos são primeiramente incorporados à SBR. Também foi verificada a superioridade do negro de fumo no aumento da maioria das propriedades mecânicas dos elastômeros, seja na composição com apenas uma das borrachas, seja nas composições com as duas borrachas misturadas.
Avaliação de programas, indicadores e projetos em educação infantil
Authors: Rosemberg Fúlvia
Published: June 2011

O texto desenvolve dois argumentos principais: a importância e o papel da pesquisa científica na avaliação de projetos, programas e políticas de educação infantil, e a necessidade de ampliar o modelo de avaliação vigente, especialmente os focalizados na análise custo-benefício (como habitualmente utilizados pelo Banco Mundial), para incluir novos conceitos (necessidade, demanda e provimento) e os principais envolvidos (pais/mães, crianças e profissionais).
Emprego de bomba multifásica como unidade geradora de microbolhas de ar em sistema de flotação aplicado ao pré-tratamento de efluente têxtil
Authors: Pioltine Andre , Reali Marco Antonio Penalva
Published: June 2011

O artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa desenvolvida com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho de bomba multifásica (mistura de ar e água) aplicada em substituição à câmara de saturação, em sistema de flotação localizado em uma indústria têxtil. Na unidade piloto (taxa de aplicação superficial de clarificação igual a 128,6 ± 10 m.d-1), foi verificado que os melhores resultados em termos de eficiência de remoção de turbidez e cor aparente (eficiência de remoção superior a 95%) foram obtidos nos ensaios realizados com razão de recirculação em torno de 30% associada à composição volumétrica de ar de 13%.
Triagem auditiva: concordância entre os métodos comportamental e objetivo
Authors: Correa Bruna Machado , Lautenschlager Larissa , Tochetto Tania , Pacheco Luciane da Costa , Maggi Celina Rech , Gonçalves Maiara Santos
Published: June 2011

OBJETIVO: verificar a concordância entre os resultados da triagem auditiva por meio de observação de respostas comportamentais e de emissões otoacústicas evocadas transientes. MÉTODO: foi realizado estudo clínico duplo-cego com 139 crianças de um a 180 dias de vida, atendidas no serviço de Triagem Auditiva Neonatal do Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria. Diferentes examinadores verificaram a presença do reflexo cócleo-palpebral e de emissões otoacústicas evocadas transientes. RESULTADOS: das 139 crianças avaliadas, 123 apresentaram reflexo cócleo-palpebral e emissões otoacústicas; 10 apresentaram somente reflexo cócleo-palpebral; três apresentaram somente emissões otoacústicas; três não apresentaram respostas em ambos os testes. Dezesseis crianças deveriam ser retestadas. Nove não compareceram. Das sete crianças retestadas, duas passaram em ambos os testes e cinco mantiveram falha e foram encaminhadas para avaliação de Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico. Uma delas não compareceu. Duas crianças tiveram emissões otoacústicas presentes e reflexo cócleo-palpebral ausente. Na avaliação de Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico uma delas manifestou audição normal e outra perda auditiva profunda. Uma criança que não evidenciou emissões otoacústicas, mas manifestou reflexo cócleo-palpebral, teve Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico compatível com perda auditiva moderada bilateral. A criança que falhou em ambos os testes apresentou perda auditiva severa bilateral na avaliação de Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico. CONCLUSÃO: a presença de emissões otoacústicas concomitante com ausência de reflexo cócleo-palpebral pode ser sinal de neuropatia auditiva. A análise de emissões otoacústicas e a avaliação do reflexo cócleo-palpebral são procedimentos complementares. A aparente discordância entre alguns resultados pode apontar diferentes tipos de comprometimento auditivo.
Queixas de voz em agentes comunitários de saúde: correlação entre problemas gerais de saúde, hábitos de vida e aspectos vocais
Authors: Cipriano Fabiana Gonçalves , Ferreira Léslie Piccolotto
Published: June 2011

OBJETIVO: Verificar as queixas de voz e correlacioná-las à autorreferência de problemas gerais de saúde, hábitos de vida e aspectos vocais, em um grupo de Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS). MÉTODOS: Participaram 28 ACS, os quais responderam a um questionário sobre dados pessoais, tempo de atuação como ACS, aspectos gerais de saúde, hábitos de vida e aspectos vocais. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente. RESULTADOS: Dos ACS participantes, 42,9% relataram queixas de voz e as atribuíram às seguintes causas: exposição ao frio (30,7%), infecção respiratória (23,7%) e uso intensivo da voz (23,0%). Foi observada associação significativa entre a presença de queixas de voz e as relacionadas a problemas emocionais (p=0,009) e problemas na coluna (p=0,038). Os sintomas vocais mais citados foram: rouquidão (33,3%), falta de ar (32,1%), falha na voz (14,2%), voz grossa (14,2%) e voz variando grossa/fina (14,2%). Em relação aos sintomas laringofaríngeos, os ACS mencionaram: garganta seca (32,1%), cansaço ao falar (32,1%), tosse seca (28,5%), secreção na garganta (25%) e ardor na garganta (21,4%). Quando tais sintomas, vocais e laringofaríngeos, foram correlacionados com a presença de queixas de voz, foi verificada associação significativa com os sintomas vocais: rouquidão (p=0,001), falha na voz (p=0,024) e voz grossa (p=0,024). CONCLUSÃO: Houve expressiva porcentagem, dentre os ACS, de queixas de voz, caracterizadas, principalmente, pela presença de rouquidão, falha na voz e voz grossa. Problemas na coluna e emocionais mostraram-se associados à presença de queixas de voz.
Species Selectivity of Granular 2,4-D Herbicide When Used to Control Eurasian Watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) in Wisconsin Lakes
Authors: Cason Chad , Roost Brad A.
Published: June 2011

A total of 24 pre-and posttreatment plant frequency data sets were analyzed from 15 Wisconsin lakes treated with granular 2,4-D BEE herbicide for the control of Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum). Six data sets from four untreated control lakes were analyzed for comparison. The data sets included the results of line-transect aquatic plant surveys and point-intercept aquatic plant surveys. The results from these two survey methods were analyzed separately. Analysis of pre-and posttreatment changes in frequency of occurence for 46 species of aquatic plants indicated Eurasian watermilfoil was the only species to show significant declines in all the surveys. At application rates of 112 kg ha−1, Eurasian watermilfoil declined an average 65.9% among the line-transect surveys; and 58.0% among the point-intercept surveys. At application rates of 168 kg ha−1, Eurasian watermilfoil declined by 94.4% and 76.5% among line-transect and point-intercept surveys, respectively. Among the control lakes, Eurasian watermilfoil increased an average of 77% in year 1 and 24% in year 2. Northern watermilfoil (Myriophyllum sibiricum), a closely related native plant, underwent declines in frequency at the higher 2,4-D application rate (20.0%) but showed an increase (88.9%) at the lower rate among the line-transect surveys. Northern watermilfoil exhibited declines at both rates among the point-intercept surveys (48 and 50%, respectively); however, the plant also exhibited declines in the control lakes in year 2. Most other native aquatic plant species were unaffected or showed increases following treatment with 2,4-D BEE. The high degree of selectivity to Eurasian watermilfoil found in this survey of operational treatments with 2,4-D BEE suggests that this herbicide is an important tool for restoring plant communities that have been degraded by Eurasian watermilfoil.
Invasion of the New Zealand Coastline by European Sea-Rocket (Cakile maritima) and American Sea-Rocket (Cakile edentula)
Authors: Cousens Roger D. , Cousens Jane M.
Published: June 2011

On the west coast of North America and in Australia, there have been parallel cases of sequential invasion and replacement of the shoreline plant American sea-rocket by European sea-rocket. A similar pattern has also occurred in New Zealand. For 30 to 40 yr, from its first recording in 1921, American sea-rocket spread throughout the eastern coastlines of the North and South Islands of New Zealand. European sea-rocket has so far been collected only on the North Island. From its first collection in 1937, European sea-rocket spread to the northern extremity of the island by 1973, and by 2010, it had reached the southernmost limit. In the region where both species have occurred in the past, American sea-rocket is now rarely found. This appears to be another example of congeneric species displacement.
Nuclear Medicine Imaging of Infection in Cancer Patients (With Emphasis on FDG-PET)
Authors: Bleeker-Rovers Chantal P. , Vos Fidel J. , van der Graaf Winette T.A. , Oyen Wim J.G.
Published: June 2011

Infections are a common cause of death and an even more common cause of morbidity in cancer patients. Timely and adequate diagnosis of infection is very important. This article provides clinicians as well as nuclear medicine specialists with a concise summary of the most important and widely available nuclear medicine imaging techniques for infectious and inflammatory diseases in cancer patients with an emphasis on fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). 67Ga-citrate has many unfavorable characteristics, and the development of newer radiopharmaceuticals has resulted in the replacement of 67Ga-citrate scintigraphy by scintigraphy with labeled leukocytes or FDG-PET for the majority of conditions. The sensitivity of labeled leukocyte scintigraphy in non-neutropenic cancer patients is comparable with that in patients without malignancy. The specificity, however, is lower because of the uptake of labeled leukocytes in many primary tumors and metastases, most probably as a result of their inflammatory component. In addition, labeled leukocyte scintigraphy cannot be used for febrile neutropenia because of the inability to harvest sufficient peripheral leukocytes for in vitro labeling. FDG-PET has several advantages over these conventional scintigraphic techniques. FDG-PET has shown its usefulness in diagnosing septic thrombophlebitis in cancer patients. It has also been shown that imaging of infectious processes using FDG-PET is possible in patients with severe neutropenia. Although larger prospective studies examining the value of FDG-PET in cancer patients suspected of infection, especially in those with febrile neutropenia, are needed, FDG-PET appears to be the most promising scintigraphic technique for the diagnosis of infection in this patient group.
Using Conditionality as a Solution to the Problem of Low Uptake of Essential Services Among Disadvantaged Communities: A Social Determinants View
Authors: Forde Ian , Bell Ruth , Marmot Michael G.
Published: June 2011

Conditional cash transfer schemes, which use cash to incentivize uptake of basic health and educational services, are well established among social planners inlow- and middle-income countries and are now taking hold in high-income countries.

We appraised these schemes within a social determinants framework and found some encouraging signs in their first decade of operation. Success, however, has been inconsistent, and it is unclear whether conditional cash transfer schemes can reliably secure meaningful improvements in participants’ health and nutritional status or educational attainment.

Conditional cash transfer schemes’ objectives will not be met unless they are transformed in 3 ways: transferring power as well as resources, emphasizing entitlements alongside conditionality, and avoiding the trap of incoherent or residualized policy.
Encouraging Consumption of Water in School and Child Care Settings: Access, Challenges, and Strategies for Improvement
Authors: Patel Anisha I. , Hampton Karla E.
Published: June 2011

Children and adolescents are not consuming enough water, instead opting for sugar-sweetened beverages (sodas, sports and energy drinks, milks, coffees, and fruit-flavored drinks with added sugars), 100% fruit juice, and other beverages. Drinking sufficient amounts of water can lead to improved weight status, reduced dental caries, and improved cognition among children and adolescents.

Because children spend most of their day at school and in child care, ensuring that safe, potable drinking water is available in these settings is a fundamental public health measure.

We sought to identify challenges that limit access to drinking water; opportunities, including promising practices, to increase drinking water availability and consumption; and future research, policy efforts, and funding needed in this area.
Estimation of the volume of distribution of some pharmacologically important compounds from their structural descriptors
Authors: Fatemi Mohammad , Ghorbannezhad Zahra
Published: June 2011

Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) approaches were used to
estimate the volume of distribution (Vd) using an artificial neural network
(ANN). The data set consisted of the volume of distribution of 129
pharmacologically important compounds, i.e., benzodiazepines, barbiturates,
NSAIDs, tricyclic anti-depressants and some antibiotics, such as
betalactams, tetracyclines and quinolones. The descriptors, which were
selected by stepwise variable selection methods, were: the Moriguchi
octanol-water partition coefficient; the 3D-MoRSEsignal 30, weighted by
atomic van der Waals volumes; the fragmentbased polar surface area; the d
COMMA2 value, weighted by atomic masses; the Geary autocorrelation, weighted
by the atomic Sanderson electronegativities; the 3D-MoRSE - signal 02,
weighted by atomic masses, and the Geary autocorrelation - lag 5, weighted
by the atomic van der Waals volumes. These descriptors were used as inputs
for developing multiple linear regressions (MLR) and artificial neural
network models as linear and non-linear feature mapping techniques,
respectively. The standard errors in the estimation of Vd by the MLR model
were: 0.104, 0.103 and 0.076 and for the ANN model: 0.029, 0.087 and 0.082
for the training, internal and external validation test, respectively. The
robustness of these models were also evaluated by the leave-5-out cross
validation procedure, that gives the statistics Q2 = 0.72 for the MLR model
and Q2 = 0.82 for the ANN model. Moreover, the results of the
Y-randomization test revealed that there were no chance correlations among
the data matrix. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate the
applicability of the estimation of the Vd value of drugs from their
structural molecular descriptors. Furthermore, the statistics of the
developed models indicate the superiority of the ANN over the MLR model.
Phase I (Safety) Study of Autologous Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells in Type 1 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Giannoukakis Nick , Phillips Brett , Finegold David , Harnaha Jo , Trucco Massimo
Published: June 2011

OBJECTIVE

The safety of dendritic cells to selectively suppress autoimmunity, especially in type 1 diabetes, has never been ascertained. We investigated the safety of autologous dendritic cells, stabilized into an immunosuppressive state, in established adult type 1 diabetic patients.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A randomized, double-blind, phase I study was conducted. A total of 10, otherwise generally healthy, insulin-requiring type 1 diabetic patients between 18 and 60 years of age, without any other known or suspected health conditions, received autologous dendritic cells, unmanipulated or engineered ex vivo toward an immunosuppressive state. Ten million cells were administered intradermally in the abdomen once every 2 weeks for a total of four administrations. The primary end point determined the proportion of patients with adverse events on the basis of the physician’s global assessment, hematology, biochemistry, and immune monitoring for a period of 12 months.

RESULTS

The dendritic cells were safely tolerated. There were no discernible adverse events in any patient throughout the study. Other than a significant increase in the frequency of peripheral B220+ CD11c− B cells, mainly seen in the recipients of engineered dendritic cells during the dendritic cell administration period, there were no statistically relevant differences in other immune populations or biochemical, hematological, and immune biomarkers compared with baseline.

CONCLUSIONS

Treatment with autologous dendritic cells, in a native state or directed ex vivo toward a tolerogenic immunosuppressive state, is safe and well tolerated. Dendritic cells upregulated the frequency of a potentially beneficial B220+ CD11c− B-cell population, at least in type 1 diabetes autoimmunity.
Partition coefficients of ketones, phenols, aliphatic and aromatic acids, and esters in n-hexane/nitromethane
Authors: Kotowska Urszula , Isidorov Valery
Published: June 2011

Liquid-liquid partition is used in sample preparation and in countercurrent and liquid-liquid chromatographic separations. Partition coefficients are widely used in toxicology, environmental, and analytical chemistry. The K hn determination procedure for the n-hexane/nitromethane system was optimized and partition coefficients for 99 ketones, esters and trimethylsilyl derivatives of phenols, aliphatic and aromatic acids were determined. For 130 compounds, K hn values were predicted using mathematical relationships between K hn and other physicochemical and structural parameters.
Determination of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and its metabolites in urine by micellar electrokinetic chromatography
Authors: Lokajová Jana , Porras Simo , Elovaara Eivor , Wiedmer Susanne
Published: June 2011

A fast and accurate micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) method was developed for monitoring N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) exposure. Baseline separation of NMP and its main metabolites: 5-hydroxy-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (5HNMP), N-methylsuccinimide (MSI), 2-hydroxy-N-methylsuccinimide (2HMSI), and 2-pyrrolidone (2P) was obtained within 6 min in an uncoated fused silica capillary using 5 mM phosphate buffer and 140 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (pH 7.1) as background electrolyte (BGE). On-line UV-detection was performed at 200 nm and the applied electric field was 400 V cm−1. Possible interference of BGE-induced system peaks on separation was investigated by computer simulation and no such interference was observed. The developed MEKC method combined with solid phase extraction for sample preparation was successfully applied to the analysis of urine of rats exposed to NMP. The urinary excretion was determined in 0–6 h and 6–24 h specimens collected after an intragastic administration of 308 mg NMP / kg rat body weight. The results of NMP disposition kinetics in rat urine are reported for NMP and metabolites.
3-dimensional sundials
Authors: Carlini Enrico , Catalisano Maria , Geramita Anthony
Published: June 2011

R. Hartshorne and A. Hirschowitz proved that a generic collection of lines on ℙn, n≥3, has bipolynomial Hilbert function. We extend this result to a specialization of the collection of generic lines, by considering a union of lines and 3-dimensional sundials (i.e., a union of schemes obtained by degenerating pairs of skew lines).
Subject and Historiographic Characteristics of Library History
Authors: Buchanan Anne L. , Hérubel Jean-Pierre V.M.
Published: June 2011

Library history per se has evolved from a highly specialized scholarly endeavour to a field open to a wider range of subjects and orientations. This discussion examines the library history bibliographies officially compiled for the American Library Association's Library History Round Table, the official and professional association for the history of libraries. The bibliographies for the years 2005 to 2009 were examined for type of publication and subject orientation and examined visually for content. The recent state of library history is discussed in terms of disciplinary orientations and methodological perspectives as well as to ascertain various intellectual vectors that library history is exhibiting. Far from being a narrowly conceived interest, it has embraced subjects that transcend library history, including the history of reading, publishing, intellectual life, and other phenomena affecting libraries as institutions and as sites of intellectual, cultural, and societal exchange.
Big Journals, Small Journals, and the Two Peer Reviews
Authors: Donovan Stephen K.
Published: June 2011

Although the fact is not widely recognized, editors of learned journals use peer review of submissions in different ways depending on the requirements of their publication. Peer review is a continuum that has distinctly different ‘end members,’ each with contrasting implications for an academic author. As a general rule, high-profile journals use reviewers' comments as part of the editorial process to help determine whether a paper should be published; only if the paper is not rejected will the journal expect these comments to help guide revision of the text for publication. In contrast, low-profile journals need material, and primarily use critical reviews and editorial comments to improve the content and presentation of a submission.
Spatial Identification of Statewide Areas for Conservation Focus in New Mexico: Implications for State Conservation Efforts
Authors: Boykin Kenneth G. , Young Kendal E. , Guy Rachel K.
Published: June 2011

Landscape scale conservation planning efforts have been in place for the past several decades to maintain biodiversity. Objectives of past efforts have been to identify areas to create reserves based on species diversity, land ownership, and landscape context. Risk analysis has not often been included in these spatial analyses. Datasets such as the Southwest Regional Gap Analysis (SWReGAP) are now available as are processes that allow risk analysis to be viewed in a spatial context in relations to factors that affect habitats over broad scales. We describe a method to include four spatial datasets to provide coarse scale delineation on areas to focus conservation including species numbers, key habitats, land management and factors that influence habitats. We used the SWReGAP management status dataset to identify management categories for long-term intent of management for biodiversity. The New Mexico Department of Game and Fish identified a set of 290 Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN). Species occurrences for these species were associated with hydrologic unit codes from the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD). Key habitats were identified by using the SWReGAP land cover dataset and NHD derivatives. Factors that influence habitats were identified and scored for 89 land cover types and 23 aquatic habitats identified by the NMDGF. Our final model prioritizes landscapes that are within key habitats, have high numbers of terrestrial and aquatic Species of Greatest Conservation Need taxa, may be potentially altered by multiple effects that influence habitats, and lack long-term legally-binding management plans protecting them from anthropogenic degradation. Similar to other efforts, riparian and aquatic habitats were identified as the most important for conservation. This information may be displayed spatially, allowing land managers and decision makers to understand the ecological context where multiple effects of potential factors may influence some habitats greater than others, and repeat process with CWCS revisions.
Poincaré versus Russell sur le rôle de la logique dans les mathématiques
Authors: Detlefsen Michael
Published: June 2011

Résumé Au début du xx e  siècle, Poincaré et Russell eurent un débat à propos de la nature du raisonnement mathématique. Poincaré, comme Kant, défendait l’idée que le raisonnement mathématique était de caractère non logique. Russell soutenait une conception contraire et critiquait Poincaré. Je défends ici l’idée que les critiques de Russell n’étaient pas fondées.
L'infinité des nombres premiers : une étude de cas de la pureté des méthodes
Authors: Arana Andrew
Published: June 2011

Résumé Une preuve est pure si, en gros, elle ne réfère dans son développement qu’à ce qui est « proche » de, ou « intrinsèque » à l’énoncé à prouver. L’infinité des nombres premiers, un théorème classique de l’arithmétique, est un cas d’étude particulièrement riche pour les recherches philosophiques sur la pureté. Deux preuves différentes de ce résultat sont ici considérées, à savoir la preuve euclidienne classique et une preuve « topologique » plus récente proposée par Furstenberg. D’un point de vue naïf, il semblerait que la première soit pure et la seconde impure. Des objections à cette vue naïve sont ici considérées et réfutées. Concernant la preuve euclidienne, la question relève de la logique, notamment de la définissabilité arithmétique de l’addition en termes de successeur et de divisibilité telle que démontrée par Julia Robinson, tandis qu’en ce qui concerne la preuve topologique, la question relève de la sémantique, notamment pour tout ce qui touche au problème de savoir ce qui est « inclus » dans le contenu d’énoncés particuliers.
Le rôle du contenu géométrique dans le raisonnement diagrammatique d'Euclide
Authors: Mumma John
Published: June 2011

Résumé Rav (1999 et 2007) et Leitgeb (2009) défendent la thèse de l’autonomie des preuves informelles par rapport aux systèmes formels de preuve. Azzouni (2004, 2005, et 2009), au contraire développe une explication qui réduit les preuves informelles à un réseau de systèmes formels sous-jacents. L’objectif principal de cet article est de démontrer la possibilité d’une position tierce médiane mettant en avant une explication quasi formelle de la méthode de preuve dans les Éléments . L’explication est quasi formelle, plutôt que formelle, en ce qu’elle donne au contenu géométrique un rôle irréductible dans les preuves d’Euclide en ce que ce rôle est sujet à des contraintes formelles. Les inférences qui sont basées sur concepts géométriques ont une occurrence à l’intérieur d’un cadre formel précisément défini.
Description and Development of the Life Balance Inventory
Authors: Matuska Kathleen
Published: June 2011

This article describes the development and psychometric testing of the Life Balance Inventory (LBI), an instrument created to measure the construct of life balance as conceptualized in the Life Balance Model. After initial item development based on theory, expert opinion, and feedback from 52 adults, rating and scoring mechanisms were established and two phases of pilot testing were completed. The first ( N = 282 adults) and second ( N = 458 adults) pilot testing phases used Rasch analysis that showed the items were capturing a range of balance traits and that the items fit intuitively with the model of life balance. The internal consistency of the LBI for both tests was good (Cronbach's alpha = 0.89 to 0.97). Confirmatory factor analysis for the four subscales of the LBI was inconclusive. The LBI has demonstrated acceptable internal consistency and content validity as a measure for life balance.
Dual Ectopic Thyroid with Normally Located Thyroid: A Case Report
Authors: Kumar Choudhury Bipul , Kaimal Saikia Uma , Sarma Dipti , Saikia Mihir , Dutta Choudhury Sarojini , Barua Santanu , Dewri Swapna
Published: June 2011

Dual ectopic thyroid is a rare presentation of thyroid ectopia. Only a few cases have been reported in the world literature. Dual ectopic thyroid in the presence of a normally located thyroid is even rarer. We report a case of dual ectopic thyroid in the lingual and submandibular areas in a seventeen-year-old female with hypoplastic thyroid gland in its normal location. The patient presented with a midline swelling at the base of tongue with dysphagia. Thyroid function test revealed primary hypothyroidism. Ultrasonography of the neck showed hypoplastic thyroid in its normal location. A thyroid scan with Technetium-99 m pertechnate showed two intensely hyperfunctioning foci of ectopic thyroid tissue at a higher level in the midline consistent with dual ectopic thyroid, one at the base of tongue and the other in submental region. No uptake was seen in the normal bed.
Comparative Intradermal Tuberculin Testing of Free-Ranging African Buffaloes (Syncerus caffer) Captured forEx SituConservation in the Kafue Basin Ecosystem in Zambia
Authors: Munang'andu Hetron Mweemba , Siamudaala Victor , Matandiko Wigganson , Nambota Andrew , Muma John Bwalya , Mweene Aaron Simanyengwe , Munyeme Musso
Published: June 2011

Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is endemic in African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer) in some National Parks in Southern Africa, whilst no studies have been conducted on BTB on buffalo populations in Zambia. The increased demand for ecotourism and conservation of the African buffalo on private owned game ranches has prompted the Zambian Wildlife Authority (ZAWA) and private sector in Zambia to generate a herd of “BTB-free buffaloes” forex situconservation. In the present study, 86 African buffaloes from four different herds comprising a total of 530 animals were investigated for the presence of BTB for the purpose of generating “BTB free” buffalo forex-situconservation. Using the comparative intradermal tuberculin test (CIDT) the BTB status at both individual animal and herd level was estimated to be 0.0% by the CIDT technique. Compared to Avian reactors only, a prevalence of 5.8% was determined whilst for Bovine-only reactors a prevalence of 0.0% was determined. These results suggest the likelihood of buffalo herds in the Kafue National Park being free of BTB.
Biopsy-Proven Acute Tubular Necrosis due to Vancomycin Toxicity
Authors: Shah-Khan Farheen , Scheetz Marc H. , Ghossein Cybele
Published: June 2011

Vancomycin (VAN) has been associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) since it has been put into clinical use in the 1950's. Early reports of AKI were likely linked to the impurities of the VAN preparation. With the advent of the more purified forms of VAN, the incidence of AKI related to VAN were limited to acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) or as a potentiating agent to other nephrotoxins such as Aminoglycosides. VAN as the sole etiologic factor for nephrotoxic acute tubular necrosis (ATN) has not been described. Here, we report a case of biopsy-proven ATN resulting from VAN.
Luminescence and fluorescence of essential oils. Fluorescence imaging in vivo of wild chamomile oil
Authors: Boschi F. , Fontanella M. , Calderan L. , Sbarbati A.
Published: June 2011

Essential oils are currently of great importance to pharmaceutical companies, cosmetics producers and manufacturers of veterinary products. They are found in perfumes, creams, bath products, and household cleaning substances, and are used for flavouring food and drinks. It is well known that some of them act on the respiratory apparatus. The increasing interest in optical imaging techniques and the development of related technologies have made possible the investigation of the optical properties of several compounds. Luminescent properties of essential oils have not been extensively investigated. We evaluated the luminescent and fluorescent emissions of several essential oils, in order to detect them in living organisms by exploiting their optical properties. Some fluorescent emission data were high enough to be detected in dermal treatments. Consequently, we demonstrated how the fluorescent signal can be monitored for at least three hours on the skin of living mice treated with wild chamomile oil. The results encourage development of this technique to investigate the properties of drugs and cosmetics containing essential oils.
Fixed point theorems for 1-set weakly contractive and pseudocontractive operators on an unbounded domain
Authors: Ben Amar Afif , Garcia-Falset Jesús
Published: June 2011

We establish new fixed point results for some nonlinear weakly condensing, 1-set weakly contractive, pseudo-contractive and nonexpansive operators defined on unbounded domains under different boundary conditions as well as other additional assumptions. An existence result of positive eigenvalues and eigenvectors for nonlinear weakly condensing operators and an application to generalized Hammerstein integral equations are given.
Singular vector decomposition for sensitivity analyses of tropospheric chemical scenarios
Authors: Goris N. , Elbern H.
Published: June 2011

Abstract. Observations of the chemical state of the atmosphere typically provide only sparse snapshots of the state of the system due to their insufficient temporal and spatial density. Therefore the measurement configurations need to be optimised to get a best possible state estimate. One possibility to optimise the state estimate is provided by observation targeting of sensitive system states, to identify measurement configurations of best value for forecast improvements. In recent years, numerical weather prediction adapted singular vector analysis with respect to initial values as a novel method to identify sensitive states. In the present work, this technique is transferred from meteorological to chemical forecast. Besides initial values, emissions are investigated as controlling variables. More precisely uncertainties in the amplitude of the diurnal profile of emissions are analysed, yielding emission factors as target variables. Singular vector analysis is extended to allow for projected target variables not only at final time but also at initial time. Further, special operators are introduced, which consider the combined influence of groups of chemical species. As a preparation for targeted observation calculations, the concept of adaptive observations is studied with a chemistry box model. For a set of six different scenarios, the VOC versus NOx limitation of the ozone formation is investigated. Results reveal, that the singular vectors are strongly dependent on start time and length of the simulation. As expected, singular vectors with initial values as target variables tend to be more sensitive to initial values, while emission factors as target variables are more sensitive to simulation length. Further, the particular importance of chemical compounds differs strongly between absolute and relative error growth.
Fault detection and isolation in linear parameter‐varying descriptor systems via proportional integral observer
Authors: Hamdi H. , Rodrigues Mickael , Mechmeche C. , Theilliol D. , Braiek N. Benhadj
Published: June 2011

The main contribution of this paper is the design of a polytopic unknown inputs proportional integral observer (UIPIO) for linear parameter‐varying (LPV) descriptor systems. This observer is used for actuator fault detection and isolation. The proposed method is based on the representation of the LPV descriptor systems in a polytopic form. Its parameters evolve in an hypercube domain. The designed polytopic UIPIO is also able to estimate both the states and the unknown inputs of the LPV descriptor system. Stability conditions of such observer are expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities. An example illustrates the performances of such polytopic UIPIO. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphology and Linear‐Elastic Moduli of Random Network Solids
Authors: Nachtrab Susan , Kapfer Sebastian C. , Arns Christoph H. , Madadi Mahyar , Mecke Klaus , Schröder‐Turk Gerd E.
Published: June 2011

The effective linear‐elastic moduli of disordered network solids are analyzed by voxel‐based finite element calculations. We analyze network solids given by Poisson‐Voronoi processes and by the structure of collagen fiber networks imaged by confocal microscopy. The solid volume fraction ϕ is varied by adjusting the fiber radius, while keeping the structural mesh or pore size of the underlying network fixed. For intermediate ϕ, the bulk and shear modulus are approximated by empirical power‐laws $ K(\phi) \propto \phi^n$ and $ G(\phi) \propto \phi^m$ with n≈ 1.4 and m≈ 1.7. The exponents for the collagen and the Poisson‐Voronoi network solids are similar, and are close to the values n = 1.22 and m = 2.11 found in a previous voxel‐based finite element study of Poisson‐Voronoi systems with different boundary conditions. However, the exponents of these empirical power‐laws are at odds with the analytic values of n = 1 and m= 2, valid for low‐density cellular structures in the limit of thin beams. We propose a functional form for K(ϕ) that models the cross‐over from a power‐law at low densities to a porous solid at high densities; a fit of the data to this functional form yields the asymptotic exponent n≈ 1.00, as expected. Further, both the intensity of the Poisson‐Voronoi process and the collagen concentration in the samples, both of which alter the typical pore or mesh size, affect the effective moduli only by the resulting change of the solid volume fraction. These findings suggest that a network solid with the structure of the collagen networks can be modeled in quantitative agreement by a Poisson‐Voronoi process.