bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Ethanol Gas Sensing Properties of SnO2-Core/ZnO-Shell Nanostructures
Authors: Tharsika T. , Haseeb A. , Akbar Sheikh , Sabri Mohd , Hoong Wong
Published: August 2014

An inexpensive single-step carbon-assisted thermal evaporation method for the growth of SnO2-core/ZnO-shell nanostructures is described, and the ethanol sensing properties are presented. The structure and phases of the grown nanostructures are investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. XRD analysis indicates that the core-shell nanostructures have good crystallinity. At a lower growth duration of 15 min, only SnO2 nanowires with a rectangular cross-section are observed, while the ZnO shell is observed when the growth time is increased to 30 min. Core-shell hierarchical nanostructures are present for a growth time exceeding 60 min. The growth mechanism for SnO2-core/ZnO-shell nanowires and hierarchical nanostructures are also discussed. The sensitivity of the synthesized SnO2-core/ZnO-shell nanostructures towards ethanol sensing is investigated. Results show that the SnO2-core/ZnO-shell nanostructures deposited at 90 min exhibit enhanced sensitivity to ethanol. The sensitivity of SnO2-core/ZnO-shell nanostructures towards 20 ppm ethanol gas at 400 °C is about ~5-times that of SnO2 nanowires. This improvement in ethanol gas response is attributed to high active sensing sites and the synergistic effect of the encapsulation of SnO2 by ZnO nanostructures.
Enhancing the Effectiveness of Cycle Time Estimation in Wafer Fabrication-Efficient Methodology and Managerial Implications
Authors: Chen Toly , Wang Yu-Cheng
Published: August 2014

Cycle time management plays an important role in improving the performance of a wafer fabrication factory. It starts from the estimation of the cycle time of each job in the wafer fabrication factory. Although this topic has been widely investigated, several issues still need to be addressed, such as how to classify jobs suitable for the same estimation mechanism into the same group. In contrast, in most existing methods, jobs are classified according to their attributes. However, the differences between the attributes of two jobs may not be reflected on their cycle times. The bi-objective nature of classification and regression tree (CART) makes it especially suitable for tackling this problem. However, in CART, the cycle times of jobs of a branch are estimated with the same value, which is far from accurate. For these reason, this study proposes a joint use of principal component analysis (PCA), CART, and back propagation network (BPN), in which PCA is applied to construct a series of linear combinations of original variables to form new variables that are as unrelated to each other as possible. According to the new variables, jobs are classified using CART before estimating their cycle times with BPNs. A real case was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The experimental results supported the superiority of the proposed methodology over some existing methods. In addition, the managerial implications of the proposed methodology are also discussed with an example.
Distribution des principales espèces agroforestières à Watinoma, terroir du Plateau Central burkinabé, une résultante de contraintes écologiques et anthropiques
Authors: Ouedraogo Sibiri Jean , Alexandre Daniel-Yves
Published: August 2014

Watinoma est un village du Plateau Central burkinabé, situé à une centaine de

kilomètres au nord de la capitale, en zone soudano-sahélienne, dans la zone des roches vertes. La pluviométrie moyenne est de 600 mm et s'est réduit à 500 mm ces 20 dernières années. Dans ces conditions la végétation s'est contractée. Beaucoup d'arbres sont morts et les glacis dénudés se sont étendus. Les principales espèces du parc agroforestier montrent un comportement bien individualisé avec une opposition nette entre le karité et le Faidherbia qui traduit à la fois des caractères écologiques et ethnobotaniques (perception paysanne) contrastés. Faidherbia se rencontre dans deux types de situations : dans les bas-fonds sableux où la nappe phréatique existe et est accessible (présence de puits) et autour du village, en association avec le baobab et de nombreuses espèces exotiques, sur des sols argileux jeunes en contact avec la roche mère. Le karité est présent sur les sols sur cuirasse là où leur épaisseur dépasse 80 cm. Les sols plus minces portent d'autres espèces agroforestières dont le raisinier, le prunier et le kapokier rouge. La régénération de Faidherbia est abondante, surtout dans la zone du village, où les graines sont apportées avec les fumiers. Mais dans ces conditions les plants n'évoluent pas, d'une part parce que les conditions édaphiques ne sont pas favorables, d'autre part parce que les paysans les rabattent constamment.

La régénération du karité est, elle, peu abondante, limitée aux zones en jachère. Les paysans protègent les plants pourvu qu'ils soient suffisamment développés. Le néré serait aussi protégé si sa régénération existait, ce qui n'est plus le cas avec la sécheresse actuelle.
La diversification des stratégies agricoles des paysans mayas du sud du Mexique et ses conséquences sur le système alimentaire
Authors: Lazos Chavero Elena
Published: August 2014

Au cours des quatre dernières décennies, le gouvernement mexicain a cherché à développer la production agricole dans l'Etat du Yucatan, mouvement dans lequel a été entraîné le "municipe" d'Oxkutzkab, autrefois axé sur l'agriculture vivrière. Ce "municipe", peuplé par des indiens mayas, comprend plusieurs villages (ou communautés), sous divers régimes fonciers, regroupés en trois sous-régions en fonction de leur principale activité agricole. La première se consacre principalement à la culture fruitière et maraîchère, la seconde à la culture traditionnelle du maïs, la troisième à la culture mécanisée du maïs, mais dans chaque sous-régions, plusieurs systèmes agricoles sont pratiqués. Nous analysons ici les transformations agraires et leurs conséquences sur l'alimentation des paysans mayas. Les "communautés du maïs" cultivent des plantes locales (50 espèces et 57 variétés). Leur système alimentaire a été modifié à cause de la crise économique, l'influence protestante et la consommation de produits industrialisés. Les communautés fruitières et maraîchères ont accès à de nouvelles plantes et cultivent au total 105 espèces et 287 variétés. Elles utilisent moins de variétés locales. Cependant leur situation économique leur permet aussi bien de consommer des produits industrialisés (qui donnent du prestige) que de continuer à préparer des plats festifs traditionnels. Contrairement aux idées reçues, ce sont les familles cultivatrices de maïs qui remettent le plus en cause leur identité culturelle à travers l'alimentation. Les "familles fruitières", elles, la réaffirment, mais la remettent en cause en même temps, le tout dans une dynamique continue et contradictoire.
Le mouton de Soay et son environnement sur l'île de Hirta (Archipel de St Kilda, Ecosse)
Authors: Blackbourn Denis-Richard
Published: August 2014

The survival of a primitive sheep breed (Ovis aries) in the St Kilda Islands, Outer Hebrides, Scotland, is due to a series of ecological and historical factors that have isolated men and their domestic animals on these Atlantic islands. The relationship between sheep and their natural environment (vegetation in particular) clearly illustrates their interdependence in a closed environment. High winter mortality remains the most appropriate natural response to the threat of overpopulation for a species capable of doubling in number in just three years. This little brown Soay sheep represents a special phase in the long relationship between man and domestic animals, particularly within the Scottish context, where cohabitation has .often been as indispensable as tragic.
Gestion par le feu et impact sur la diversité : le cas des friches sur anciennes terrasses de culture dans les Pyrénées centrales
Authors: Faerber Johanna
Published: August 2014

Dans les Pyrénées centrales, la gestion des anciennes terrasses de culture colonisées par des landes à Fougère et Genêt à balai est aujourd'hui un problème de premier plan. Au vu des grandes superficies à gérer, il est intéressant de rechercher si le brûlage, dont l'usage est traditionnel sur les espaces pastoraux, peut aussi être un outil utilisable sur ces terrasses abandonnées. L'impact du feu a été étudié en termes de composition floristique, évolution physionomique et valeur pastorale sur deux sites expérimentaux incinérés dans des conditions contrôlées. Des relevés qualitatifs et quantitatifs ont été combinés avec des analyses multitemporelles de photographies aériennes. L'étude montre qu'au niveau parcellaire l'impact direct du feu se limite à des modifications faibles et peu durables de la composition floristique, même sur les terrasses jamais brûlées depuis leur abandon. L'impact indirect du feu sur la richesse floristique est plus important : en facilitant l'accès du bétail et en augmentant la valeur pastorale des friches, les brûlages stimulent le passage du troupeau et contribuent indirectement à l'enrichissement de la flore (introduction de nouvelles espèces par le bétail). A une échelle plus petite, par exemple celle du versant, les brûlages participent à la sauvegarde de la diversité des paysages en montagne, en empêchant la lente transformation des pâturages en bois. Ainsi, le feu, élément principal de stabilisation d'espaces ouverts, semble incontournable dans l'optique d'un avenir économique durable de la zone montagnarde défavorisée des Pyrénées.
Du hérisson honni au hérisson blason de la nature
Authors: Burgaud Françoise
Published: August 2014

For centuries, the hedgehog has been killed by man even though it has few practical applications, which are mainly limited to its flesh, spiny coat, and pharmacopoeia. The often systematic destruction of this small, discrete mammal can be attributed primarily to its unfavourable representation in folk believes and symbols. In the Medieval Ages the hedgehog was a symbol of greed and cunning and has often been wrongly accused of numerous misdeeds in the rural environment. The long-standing hostility to the hedgehog has gradually given way to a more positive image. Rehabilited by environmentalists, the hedgehog now evokes sympathy, particularly among city dwellers, for whom it is an image of the wild world and a victim of urbanisation
L'aigle royal selon la perception aztèque
Authors: Gilonne Michel
Published: August 2014

The golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos canadensis ) is associated with the sun and the creation of the world in which we live. The Aztecs ate its flesh and used its claws for rituals applications. Mexico was not an indigenous region for these birds and the Aztecs forced the peoples of neighbouring lands to pay a tribute of live eagles. Most of the captured eagles ended up in the totocalli, a zoological garden, where they could be observed by the imperial court. After moulting, their feathers were collected by special gatherers to make feathers mosaics, accessories and costumes for eagle/warriors, sun worshipping and positive forces.
Le vol de bétail, facteur clef de l'organisation foncière et pastorale dans le pays bara (Sud-Ouest malgache)
Authors: de Saint Sauveur Armelle
Published: August 2014

Cattle ressling is an ancien way of acquiring livestock for the Bara. The pastoral system is largely influenced by this practice. Each village owns a fixed and delimited pastoral territory which boundaries are controlled daily at passage ways called kizo. Grazing areas and herd watching strategies are determined primarly by security requirements. These constraints have created a rigorous and elaborate organisation. However, the evolution of cattle ressling into a form of national banditism has changed the bara pastoral system. Major alterations affect livestock management and land use pratices. Nevertheless, these changes can be a dynamising factor for a pastoral society facing its future.
Maïs et millets dans les dialectes européens
Authors: Franconie Hélène
Published: August 2014

A son arrivée en Europe, le maïs (Zea mays L.) a d'abord été considéré comme une nouvelle céréale à petits grains : millet (Panicum miliaceum L.), panis (Setaria italica L.) ou sorgho (Sorghum), selon les régions. Ces désignations persistent dans les noms actuels du maïs dans les dialectes européens, et attirent l'attention sur le rôle actuellement sous-estimé que le millet et le panis ont joué dans l'alimentation jusqu'au début du XVIIe siècle. Les noms du maïs ne peuvent donc être interprétés correctement qu'en les confrontant à toutes ces céréales à petits grains, ainsi qu'à ceux du sarrasin (Fagopyrum esculentum Mœnsch), car la place prépondérante prise par le maïs a entraîné un remaniement de l'ensemble des désignations.
Les herbiers historiques du Muséum et la flore parisienne
Authors: Jolinon Jean-Claude
Published: August 2014

Les grands botanistes du Jardin du Roi créé en 1635, devenu Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle en 1792, se sont tous intéressés à la flore parisienne. Ainsi, on trouvera dans les herbiers de Michel Adanson, d'Antoine-Tristan Danty d'Isnard, de la dynastie des Jussieu ou de Sébastien Vaillant, des spécimens qui ont été récoltés dans la capitale et aux portes du Paris d'aujourd'hui. Parcourant la "campagne parisienne", souvent seuls, ils ont pratiqué entre eux de nombreux échanges. Dans leurs ouvrages, Joseph Pitton de Tournefort et Sébastien Vaillant témoignent d'une grande activité botanique à Paris à la fin du XVIIe et au début du XVIIIe siècles. Plus tard, c'est Adrien de Jussieu qui mettra en place cet herbier, mémoire d'une flore en permanente évolution, dont Paul Jovet se préoccupa à son tour activement.
Anciens herbiers conservés au laboratoire de phanérogamie du muséum (Paris)
Authors: Lourteig Alicia , Jovet Paul
Published: August 2014

Cinquante-trois herbiers conservés au Laboratoire de Phanérogamie du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, sont ici décrits. Presque tous reliés selon les anciennes coutumes, ils sont datés du XVIe au XXe siècles. Des recherches pour leur identification et leur histoire ont été effectuées. Elles ont apporté de précieuses informations. Néanmoins nous devons faire le constat d'un manque de documentation digne de foi, pour certains de ces herbiers.
Direct nanoscale observations of the coupled dissolution of calcite and dolomite and the precipitation of gypsum
Authors: Offeddu Francesco Giancarlo , Cama Jordi , Soler Josep Maria , Putnis Christine V
Published: August 2014

In-situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments were performed to study the overall process of dissolution of common carbonate minerals (calcite and dolomite) and precipitation of gypsum in Na2SO4 and CaSO4 solutions with pH values ranging from 2 to 6 at room temperature (23 ± 1 °C). The dissolution of the carbonate minerals took place at the (104) cleavage surfaces in sulfate-rich solutions undersaturated with respect to gypsum, by the formation of characteristic rhombohedral-shaped etch pits. Rounding of the etch pit corners was observed as solutions approached close-to-equilibrium conditions with respect to calcite. The calculated dissolution rates of calcite at pH 4.8 and 5.6 agreed with the values reported in the literature. When using solutions previously equilibrated with respect to gypsum, gypsum precipitation coupled with calcite dissolution showed short gypsum nucleation induction times. The gypsum precipitate quickly coated the calcite surface, forming arrow-like forms parallel to the crystallographic orientations of the calcite etch pits. Gypsum precipitation coupled with dolomite dissolution was slower than that of calcite, indicating the dissolution rate to be the rate-controlling step. The resulting gypsum coating partially covered the surface during the experimental duration of a few hours.
AERATION AT OVERFLOW DAMS WITH CURVED SURFACES BY DIFFERENT FLASHBOARD SPILLWAYS
Authors: Chu Kejian , Hua Zulin , Ji Lijun
Published: August 2014

Aeration using overflow dams is an eco-friendly and economical method of improving dissolved oxygen levels in polluted urban streams. Laboratory investigations of aeration performance in smooth spillways, as well as in parallel flashboard and interlaced flashboard spillways with different flashboard intervals, for overflow dams with curved surfaces have been conducted separately. Aeration efficiencies of the different types of spillways, in particular the effects of varying discharge rate, total spillway height, and flashboard interval, have been discussed in detail. The test data illustrate that aeration efficiency in all spillways increases with spillway height and decreases with increasing discharge. Flashboard spillways appear to provide significantly higher aeration efficiency than smooth ones, and aeration efficiency increases with the number of flashboards, but with a continuously declining growth rate. By combining Fds with hd*, a new dimensionless parameter Ψ is created to characterize the comprehensive effects of hydraulic conditions on aeration. Empirical formulas for oxygen-transfer efficiency in smooth, parallel flashboard, and interlaced flashboard spillways have been developed with Ψ and the dimensionless number of flashboards per unit area of spillway N* as independent variables, and the properties of these formulas are discussed.
Usage patterns of blue flower color representation by Encyclopedia of Life content providers
Authors: Wright Chantal-Marie , Seltmann Katja
Published: August 2014

Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) is a resource for community-driven biodiversity data, focusing on species information and images. Research into blue flowers to compare color ('blueness') at different elevations revealed that data content providers describe flowers as blue for any color hue in the range from blue to magenta. We propose methods for standardizing color values and color searching within EOL by means of an expanded color vocabulary and improved access to image metadata, in order to improve the research capacity of this valuable resource.
New data of three rare belondirid species (Nematoda, Dorylaimida, Belondiridae) from Vietnam, with the first record and description of the male of Oxybelondira paraperplexa Ahmad & Jairajpuri, 1979
Authors: Nguyen Duong , Vu Tam , Bonkowski Michael , Peña-Santiago Reyes
Published: August 2014

Three rare nematode species of the family Belondiridae, originally described from and only known to occur in India are recorded for the first time in Vietnam: Axonchium thoubalicum, Belondira murtazai and Oxybelondira paraperplexa. It is the first report of these three genera in this country. The three species are described, including new morphological data, morphometrics and light microscope pictures. The male of O. paraperplexa is collected and described for the first time. It is characterized by its 1.54 mm long body, ad-cloacal pair of genital papillae situated at 9.0 µm from the cloacal aperture, only one ventromedian supplement located at 15 µm from the ad-cloacal pair within the range of spicules, spicules slightly curved ventrad and 42 µm long (7 times as long as wide and 2 times as long as cloacal body diameter), and tail 100 µm long (c = 15, c’ = 5) and similar to that of the female.
Observed and calculated gravity anomalies above a tunnel driven in clays – implication for errors in gravity interpretation
Authors: Blecha Vratislav , Mašín David
Published: August 2014

The aim of this work was to evaluate the gravity effect of a deformation zone, which forms around subsurface cavities and to assess which method of density determination of soils in the surveyed area is optimal. We measured and modelled a gravity anomaly above a tunnel excavated in stiff clays. Technical parameters of the tunnel were known. The shape of the deformation zone around the tunnel was determined by geotechnical modelling. Material parameters of clays necessary for the geotechnical model were obtained from a measurement of borehole samples in a soil mechanics laboratory. For calculation of the gravity anomaly of the tunnel we used densities of clays derived from laboratory measurements of borehole samples. However, the fit between observed and calculated gravity data was not accurate in this case. The reason was probably that the volume and water content in the borehole clay samples changed after their removal from the depth. A better fit was obtained when we used densities derived from a gamma‐gamma well log. We found that the gravity effect of the deformation zone that forms around the tunnel in stiff clays is negligible (0.001 mGal). In our case, a concrete tunnel lining has a bigger influence on the amplitude of the anomaly than the deformation zone (0.008 mGal). When we neglect the lining in the interpretation, we obtain an error of 20% in the estimate of the tunnel depth.
3D inversion of magnetic data seeking sharp boundaries: a case study for a porphyry copper deposit from Now Chun in central Iran
Authors: Abedi Maysam , Gholami Ali , Norouzi Gholam‐Hossain
Published: August 2014

This paper describes an application of 3D inversion of magnetic data to recover a susceptibility model from magnetic anomalies. For this purpose, the subsurface of the desired area of the magnetic anomaly is divided into a mesh with a large number of rectangular prisms with unknown susceptibilities. A Tikhonov cost function with multi‐term regularizers involving boundaries of susceptibility distribution and an edge‐preserving penalty function, as a tool to recover sharp boundaries, was used. Three methods (i.e., the U‐curve, Tikhonov‐curve and L‐curve methods) are applied to determine the optimum regularization parameter during the inversion process. Testing of the applied methods showed that the application of the U‐curve (a well‐known method in applied mathematics) in geophysical inverse problems and Tikhonov‐curve as a proposed technique can be appropriate candidates, like a common L‐curve method, for choosing the optimal regularization parameter. To avoid the natural tendency of magnetic structures to concentrate at the shallow depths in models created by inversion, a depth weighting function derived from information of the depth‐to‐the‐bottom of a generating source was applied. The AN‐EUL technique as a combination of the analytic signal and the Euler deconvolution methods is used to estimate the structural index of causative sources in order to construct an appropriate depth weighting function. Here, it is assumed that there is no remanent magnetization and the observed data are influenced by only the induced magnetization. A case study involving ground based measurements over a porphyry‐Cu deposit located in Kerman providence of Iran, Now Chun deposit, is included. The recovered 3D susceptibility model provided beneficial information for design of the exploration drilling programme. The susceptibility lows in the constructed model, in particular, their depths down to 410 m, coincides with the known locations of copper mineralization.
A new stable downward continuation of airborne magnetic data based on Wavelet deconvolution
Authors: Abedi Maysam , Gholami Ali , Norouzi Gholam‐Hossain
Published: August 2014

This paper describes an efficient wavelet‐based deconvolution method for the downward continuation of airborne potential (magnetic and gravity) field data. We formulate the downward continuation process as a linear ill‐posed deconvolution problem. To obtain a reasonable downward continued field data, it is stabilized in a wavelet domain by minimizing the L1‐norm of the coefficients subject to the constraint that is the agreement of the upward response with the original observed data up to a white Gaussian noise level. The resulting convex constrained problem is then solved very fast and efficiently via the split Bregman iterations method. The generalized cross‐validation (GCV) criterion as a plotted curve versus the iteration count with new formulation is used to determine the optimum number of Bregman iterations without prior knowledge about noise properties. A synthetic magnetic field data embedded in a Gaussian noise is constructed from isolated multi‐source anomalies, whose results show that the airborne magnetic data can be continued stably downward by the proposed automatic sparse deconvolution method in a few iterations. When compared with conventional methods such as Tikhonov and Edge‐preserving with the proposed method, similar results were obtained. To test the performance on real data, we chose to use the airborne magnetic data of the central Iranian volcanic‐sedimentary belt. The enhanced downward continued data to a depth level of 200 m beneath the ground surface indicates adequate matching of high potential zones with previous working mines and copper deposits. Obtained results from both synthetic and real data confirm that the performance of the proposed technique is as good as the classical deconvolution ones.
A Unified Approach to Uncertainty-Aware Ubiquitous Localization of Mobile Users
Authors: Aksenov Petr , Luyten Kris , Coninx Karin
Published: August 2014

Localisation is a standard feature in many mobile applications today, and there are numerous techniques for determining a user’s location both indoors and outdoors. The provided location information is often organised in a format tailored to a particular localisation system’s needs and restrictions, making the use of several systems in one application cumbersome. The presented approach models the details of localisation systems and uses this model to create a unified view on localisation in which special attention is paid to uncertainty coming from different localisation conditions and to its presentation to the user. The work discusses technical considerations, challenges and issues of the approach, and reports on a user study on the acceptance of a mobile application’s behaviour reflecting the approach. The results of the study show the suitability of the approach and reveal users’ preference toward automatic and informed changes they experienced while using the application.
Is This Your Best Work?
Authors: Benton Cynthia J.
Published: August 2014

This chapter summarizes both psychological and achievement considerations for student participation in online learning environments. Using journaling, student responses, and interviews, this study yielded consistent conclusions regarding the need for supported and interactive opportunities for students to interact with both peers and the instructor of the online course. Online classroom practices are described, and a number of issues contributing to student success and satisfaction are summarized. Future concerns for practices in online instruction and student learning are described.
Building on Trust in a Complex World
Authors: Henschke John A.
Published: August 2014

The author began researching trust in the late 1980s. The technology of his practice and research converged in an instrument which indicated the strongest factor being “teacher trust of learners,” and which he sought to enact in practice as “my trust of learners” were quite consistent with each other. This instrument has been used in 16 doctoral dissertations with findings of the strongest factor being “teacher trust of learners,” including a study indicating the technology of his scholarship and practice being congruent. Trust is indicated in some of the general adult education literature, even in a highly unlikely place like a very brutal prison with its culture being transformed into a very humane place. To build upon the trust factor, the growing suggestions of the literature call for more research into the technology and practice of developing and advancing the reciprocal relationship of trust between faculty and learners.
Second Life
Authors: Ellis Maureen , Anderson Patricia J. , Kibbe Sharon
Published: August 2014

Virtual worlds are quickly becoming standard in the technology-driven educational landscape. Much beyond its origin as a gaming platform, Second Life has grown into one of the most popular multi-user virtual platforms used by individuals and educators. The software platform provides an immersive instructional tool offering innovative opportunities for simulation, collaboration, and virtual field trips not easily replicated in the traditional or online classroom. Through a manifestation of self in a virtual world, a Second Life avatar enhances interaction in a virtual space, facilitating movement, choice, and interaction within the virtual environment, allowing the user to take on a visible persona (Falloon, 2010; Peterson, 2005). This chapter goes beyond simply advocating Second Life as a teaching tool in the higher education classroom by describing how Second Life can both simplify and enhance the teaching and learning process.
Teacher Technology Leadership
Authors: Howell Marcus Paul , Reames Ellen H.
Published: August 2014

Some school administrators may be ill prepared to lead their staff into the digital landscape of the 21st century. Technology leadership is not limited to administrators. Teacher technology leaders have arisen in some institutions as a means of meeting the needs of fellow faculty and students. These teacher technology leadership practices may serve as a catalyst in altering school culture to embrace technology throughout the curriculum. This is explored in this chapter.
Addressing Work Ethic in the New Century
Authors: Wang Victor X. , Dennett Susan K.
Published: August 2014

This chapter takes the reader through a historical review of work ethic and the ways in which organizations can motivate their employees to adopt a healthy rather than unhealthy work ethic. McGregor's Theory X and Y theory is examined. To determine whether an organization has acquired a healthy work ethic based on Theory X and Theory Y, Wang's valid and reliable instrument for the organization's employees to use is presented. Maslow, Hertzberg, and McClelland's motivational theories form the foundation of the factors that motivate employees. The diverse characteristics of employees are reviewed, including the Baby Boomers and Generation X and Y, and how these cohorts of employees look for different motivating factors in their job. The chapter concludes with future trends that are impacting organizations and the workforce and the importance of understanding the different motivating factors that play a part in employees' work ethics across cultures.
Soft and Hard Technologies in Technology Education
Authors: Siu Kin Wai Michael , Wong Yi Lin
Published: August 2014

There is a common misconception that technology is limited to physical devices (i.e., hard technology). However, technology also includes soft technology, which is concerned with human and social factors. The emphasis on hard technology has prevented technology education from widening its scope and thus catering to the needs of a changing society. This chapter first briefly identifies the common definitions of soft and hard technologies. It then argues that technology education should emphasize both hard and soft technologies. Through a case study of Hong Kong, the chapter identifies the issues surrounding the inclusion of soft technology in the technology curriculum. The issues comprise the outdated perceptions of the government and schools with respect to technology, teachers' backgrounds, and students' abilities. The chapter then proposes recommendations and suggestions for resolving these issues. The future trend of an all-round and balanced approach toward hard and soft technology in technology education is discussed.
Learning Management Systems in a Changing Environment
Authors: Stone David E. , Zheng Guangzhi
Published: August 2014

Learning Management Systems (LMS) have evolved from simple delivery and management systems to key pieces of modern organizational learning and performance improvement capabilities. In a changing and globally competitive world, a LMS can allow for improved access and tracking of learning activities as well as support organizational growth and development. The next generation of LMS will need to be open, personal, social, flexible, support learning analytics, and properly support the move to mobile computing. This new generation of LMS must be able to meet the need of the changing environments of business and education to allow these institutions to reach their potential. The chapter provides a description of the past, present, and future of learning management systems in a changing environment.
Ethical and Practical Issues Surrounding Access to ICT Education by Elderly Persons
Authors: Thornton Kevin , Lang Michael
Published: August 2014

This chapter presents a summary of studies around the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and the elderly, with a particular focus on educational uses of ICT. Though the review is by no means comprehensive, it nevertheless addresses the main issues and provides a useful starting point for researchers interested in exploring this area in greater depth. These issues include barriers to ICT use for the elderly, motivation, the importance of ICT and education of the elderly, and the unique usability requirements of the elderly. Also explored are reasons why the elderly use ICT.
Women to the Rescue in Cyber Space
Authors: Brittain Kristin , Russo Marianne Robin
Published: August 2014

The world is a complex array of human actions within an individual's sphere of influence and within a more global context. In either case, human actions can be susceptible to privacy and cyber security concerns. The consequences of targeted attacks on strategic cyber-systems, inclusive of nuclear power plants, electrical grids, water systems, would be quite high were they to actually materialize. Security gaps must be assessed and efficiently managed, and a viable workforce must be trained and vetted to take on this security effort. Therefore, with the intersection of human resources and women, who would be capable of training and going beyond the male cyber world realm? Women employment power may be the answer to filling the critical needs of the individual and larger entities that may be in need of cyber protection. This is explored in this chapter.
Transdisciplinary Methodology of an Architectural and Urban Discourse in Higher Education
Authors: Perović Svetlana
Published: August 2014

The chapter includes identification of the need for reconceptualization of architectural and urbanistic discourse in higher education and the definition of the transdisciplinary methodology for a sustainable development of the living environment. Architecture and urbanism as complex disciplines that start from the existential social needs and reach to the most complex challenges and aspirations involve complex approaches and complex relations. Professional educational environment from architecture and urbanism aspect is integral. It includes the study of forms and models of urban space planning to architectural structures, details, materials, environmental challenges, as well as new paradigms of shaping life and work in the community. This requires the involvement of various disciplines and forms of knowledge for forming a competent and productive response to modern challenges of the real world. With the development and adoption of transdisciplinary methodology in environmental higher education, a platform can be developed for sustainable urban development in a sustainable social community. Technological aspect has a central role in that process.
Empowering African American Adolescent Males through Engaging Literacy Tasks
Authors: Green Lisa Butler
Published: August 2014

African American adolescent males continue to attain the lowest literacy achievement among racial/ethnic groups. It is imperative that schools attend to the instructional needs of African American adolescent males to close the achievement gap in literacy. Educators must strive to infuse the interests and experiences of African American adolescent males in literacy instruction. The chapter features research about African American adolescent males' perceptions of their engagement with literacy tasks. Despite perceived stereotypes, many African American adolescent males exemplify resilience as they navigate societal obstacles to achieve academic success. African American adolescent males are readers who possess great potential. Literacy gives them control of their lives. Educators play an integral role in mediating engagement with literacy tasks. The author discusses how to best support African American adolescent males with literacy instruction.
Educational Innovations in Nigeria
Authors: Molara Oyewusi Lawunmi , Oyebisi Egbedokun Adeola , Mardiyya Oyeniran Folasade
Published: August 2014

This chapter focuses on the concept of change as it relates to educational innovation in Nigeria. It describes change as a transition from one state to another. It highlights some of the descriptions of change, its characteristics, and process. It further discusses innovation as a product of change and that both are intertwined. The chapter also raises some of the reasons why innovation ideas (such as 6-3-3-4, 5-6-2-3 systems of education, UPE, UBE, Mother tongue, Nomadic education, amongst others) have failed in Nigeria. These reasons include lack of preparation, lack of effective implementation, lack of funds, etc. It concludes by pointing readers to issues that could be considered salient for innovation prospects such as policy issues on the part of the government, educational technology as a pivot for innovation implementation, training of teachers and other personnels that would be involved in the implementation process, caring for the new generation of learners, and the process of innovation adoption.
The Boshier's Education Participation Scale Factors Reflected in History
Authors: Keefe Dennis
Published: August 2014

In the literature of andragogy and adult learning numerous authors have attempted to explain why adult learners decide to enroll in courses. Houle in 1961 started this line of research classifying adult motivations to learn into 3 categories. Later researchers, attempting to refine Houle's work, began using factor analysis to determine additional underlying causes of adult participation. Boshier, with his 6-factor, 42-item scale, is central in these later studies. This chapter takes another look at the EPS (Education Participation Scale) of Boshier but this time through the lens of history. Specifically, this chapter delves into the largest of the adult education phenomena in America in the latter 1800s, the Chautauquan Movement. Comments from adult learners who participated in Chautauqua are compared to the 7 factors and the 42 items of Boshier's Education Participation Scale, Form-F. Results of this study show a good fit between historical and modern motivations of learners.
Exploring Assessment of Critical Thinking Learning Outcomes in Online Higher Education
Authors: Bain Bernice
Published: August 2014

Online education has grown to more than 6 million students with an average age of 33 years old (Kolowich, 2012; Selingo, 2012; Sheehy, 2012). Research indicates online programs are part of many institutions' strategic planning initiatives. Institutions are undergoing increased scrutiny from accrediting bodies, employers, and adult learners. To remain competitive and valid in this changing environment, a significant issue for leaders of online higher education institutions is how to effectively assess online cognitive learning outcomes, such as critical thinking. Adding to the challenge of online assessment of critical thinking is the contextual nature of critical thinking and two differing approaches to assessment. Leaders of online higher education institutions should seek a critical thinking assessment that is based on a theoretical framework of Transformative Learning and Adult Learning Theories. This is explored in this chapter.
Socio-Spatial Relations in Mobile Gaming
Authors: Martin Paul
Published: August 2014

This chapter explores the opportunities of mobile games to critique and constitute the networks of which they are a part, attending particularly to location-based games. It discusses how these kinds of mobile games reconfigure people's relationships with other people and objects in their environment. In order to understand this reconfiguration, a model is put forward that clarifies the various ways in which people and objects are presented to the mobile game player. Using this model, examples are discussed of games that make interactions available that are disruptive of a social or political order, arguing that this disruption may be drafted into socio-political critique. Other examples demonstrate how mobile games bring everyday life within a capitalist logic, monetizing leisure and the mundane. This suggests that mobile gaming as a technology, practice, or product is neither fundamentally emancipatory nor fundamentally regressive but rather can be employed in various ways.
Utilization of an Improvement Manual Configuration for Multimedia in 6to4 Tunneling
Authors: Jamali Abdellah , Naja Najib , El Ouadghiri Driss
Published: August 2014

IPv6 is a next-generation Internet layer protocol designed by the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) to solve the problem of IP address depletion under the current Internet layer protocol. It has been developed to replace the current Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4). Various operating systems support IPv6 protocol stacks and network infrastructures are currently being deployed to support the functions of IPv6. During the course of the deployment of IPv6 protocol, the authors found several critical implementation and operational issues which distract user and possibly prevent wide deployment of IPv6. Among the problems identified are the stateless IP auto-configuration, which provides for each node connected to the network an IP address. The authors have previously examined the problem in Fedora Core operating system, and in this work, they make a slight modification on the same method using Red Hat operating system. The proposed method is independent of rebooting NIC. This method ensures the establishment of addresses if problems occur.
Design and Implementation of Diamond Press'S Pressure Hammer Protection Based on Voiceprint Recognition
Authors: Wang Lin Jing , Zhao Ying Ying
Published: August 2014

In the manufacturing process of artificial diamond micro powder, if tungsten steel pressure hammer of diamond press makes a tungsten steel hammer pressure crack due to fatigue of workpiece, it is always leading to significant economic losses. The pressure hammer detection and protection device of the diamond press introduced in this paper takes advantage of the voiceprint recognition technology. Firstly, it extracts the characteristic parameters of pressure hammer breaking voice and establishes a sound pressure hammer breaking template library. And then, the paper compares the work field sound characteristic parameters of diamond press and pressure hammer breaking template library. If they are consistent with each other, the work power of diamond press will be cut down. Thus, it implements protection for the rest good pressure hammers.
Design of Quantum Communication Broadband Amplifier Based on Photoelectric Diode
Authors: Nie Yi Zhen
Published: August 2014

according to the special requirements of quantum optics experiments, through the optimum design of broadband low noise amplifier circuit, this paper developed a broadband low noise photoelectric detector. We focus on the analysis of the factors affecting the photoelectric detector gain, bandwidth and noise, by a suitable choice of the photodiode, a sampling resistor, feedback resistor and capacitor, the broadband low noise photoelectric detector. Experiments show that, this circuit can be used for broadband low noise quantum communication circuit.
Design of Wireless Multi-Channel Responder System
Authors: Cao Xin Li , Xiong Jun Qiao
Published: August 2014

Using JN-5139 processor and Zigbee net technology, paper explains a wireless multi-channel responder system. It can realize duplex communicationautomatic network,automatic determination,automatic voice broadcast. Paper shows hardware and software flow chart of player node (router node) and compere node (coordinator node),Zigbee net initialization.Paper defines dataframe of MAC layer and Physical layer. The system can meet the demand for various responder contest for it is low-cost, easy to expand for nodes, stable, smart and has long communication distance.
Research on Database Design Based on Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Geng Wei Jiang
Published: August 2014

This paper analyzes the composition of architecture and sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks, component models running on the nodes embedded operating system and programming model based on nesC. Then, we analyze network databases based on wireless sensor, design and implement wireless sensor network database TaraxDB, focused on design and implement the receiving client inquiries, analysis and presentation, send queries and receive results between the database client and sensor networks, database client Receive query and submit the results between the client and the user, The main feature on the database, including front-end and network nodes, as well as the completion of key technical queries collaboration between nodes.
Mathematical Model Design on Online Virtual Processing Platform of Machinery Manufacturing
Authors: Zhao Yan , Liu Xiao Meng , Li Wen Jie
Published: August 2014

This paper designs the virtual online platform of high precision machinery processing. And we use it to forecast the safety coefficient k and lift coefficient of auto machining process, and based on the safety coefficient and the lift coefficient we improve the automobile working procedure real-time, and obtain a reasonable body safety structure and external driving performance of the structure, which achieves good comprehensive design effect. At the end of this paper, we apply the system in the online virtual platform of computer higher occupation education. According to the cycle mechanism of the lift coefficient, we design the teaching task of cultivating innovative talents, and arrange the teaching tasks of applied science. It provides the theory reference for research on the higher occupation school personnel training.
Study of Computer Key Technologies and Mobile Technology
Authors: Jiang Zi Li
Published: August 2014

Human society is in the information age, the information revolution has full rise. Human society changed from the value calculated into a comprehensive problem solving. Human being is gradually put information into a computer system for the process of transplantation, resulting in the need of information management, information engineering, information exchange, and other branches of science. For the rapidly expanding range of problem-solving, the existing computer functions are a serious shortage, lack of intelligence. The lack of intelligence in computer science has been unable to generalize the entire contents of the information science. This paper mainly explains the development and application of computers in mobile technology.
Research on Position Detection Substation in Personnel Location System
Authors: Zhang Zhi Guang , Wang Xiao Zhi , Liu Zhi Gang
Published: August 2014

We use personnel positioning detection substation of Wang Zhuang coal mine as the object of study, and improve the radio frequency identification technology of personnel positioning system through underground tunnels in the Lu'an Vocational and Technical College. By increasing the data record points for position detection station, we achieve a typical personnel positioning system at the present stage, which greatly improves probability of rescuing the stall in the accident; By increasing the wireless signal amplifier for position detection substation, it increased the distance of recognizing station staff card, especially with obstacle for the radio frequency. It provides a method to improve the position detection station function of personnel positioning system.