bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Technology Commercialization Factors in Kazakhstan
Authors: Alibekova G. Zh. , Yedgenov B. M. , Kozhakhmetova A. K. , Mynbaeva E. N.
Published: July 2024

The commercialization of scientific research and development (R&D) results is a key driver for enhancing corporate revenues and profits, positively impacting economic development, and increasing global and national competitiveness. However, commercialization is a complex process influenced by various factors. This study aims to assess the mutual influence of commercialization factors of R&D in Kazakhstan and provide recommendations to strengthen positive influences and mitigate negative ones. Utilizing official data from the Bureau of National Statistics, including metrics such as enterprise innovation activity, the share of innovative products in GDP, patent numbers, R&D expenditures, industry innovation costs, and R&D personnel, a regression analysis was conducted using the time series method and the vector autoregression (VAR) approach. The analysis revealed that increased innovative activity of enterprises positively impacts the export of innovative products after three years but negatively affects the share of innovative products in GDP. Additionally, higher industry innovation costs and an increase in patent numbers lead to a rise in innovative product exports after three years. However, an increase in innovative product exports subsequently reduces patent numbers after three years. These results indicate that domestic enterprises focus primarily on expanding export-oriented products for short-term profit gains, reducing costs, and achieving immediate results, often at the expense of substantial innovation activities. The findings suggest a need for strategies to balance short-term profit motives with sustainable innovation investments to enhance long-term economic growth and competitiveness.
Blockchain Dynamic and Macroeconomic Impact on The Stock Market
Authors: Benarous A. M. , Medeni I. T. , Medeni T. D. , Ateş V.
Published: July 2024

This study sheds light on the achievements of digital financial technologies and blockchain technology in the stock market. This study aims to examine the relationship between blockchain technology and macroeconomic variables, as well as the impact these variables have on stock market performance. For this, authors used the methodology of correlation and regression analysis, analyzing data on cryptocurrencies, the stock market and key paper exchange rates. The study confirms a significant correlation between blockchain dynamics, particularly cryptocurrency price fluctuations, and stock market performance, indicating that movements in digital asset classes such as Bitcoin and Ethereum have measurable impacts on traditional financial markets. Traditional economic indicators continue to play a crucial role in stock market behavior, with variables like inflation rates and GDP growth showing strong correlations with market performance. The results suggest a complex interplay between blockchain technology and macroeconomic indicators, emphasizing a growing interconnectedness between emerging digital financial products and economic measures. In addition, the findings are particularly relevant for investors, financial analysts, and policymakers, highlighting the need for a holistic market analysis approach that integrates both new technological advancements in blockchain and economic indicators. The study underscores the evolving influence of blockchain technology on traditional stock markets that encompass both new digital assets and economic frameworks. Moreover, further studies could explore the impact of blockchain technology on specific sectors within the stock market, such as technology, finance, and consumer goods.
THE EXISTENCE OF CYBERBULLYING RESULTS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES AMONG STUDENTS: A REVIEW
Authors: Adey Noorhafeza Herliani , Sam Mee Sharon Kwan , E. Anding Carmella
Published: July 2024

The abstract critically examines the research methodology used in the current literature on cyberbullying, with a specific focus on the period from 2019 to 2023. It includes full-text articles, mixed-methods research designs, and English language studies involving student samples. The primary aim is to summarize psychological findings, identify strengths and limitations in selected studies, and contribute to the advancement of research in this area. The review systematically analyzes methods used in the selected studies and their implications for understanding the psychological impact of cyberbullying. It also discusses the results and findings, explaining how different cyberbullying approaches affect students' mental health. Additionally, the review provides recommendations for future research and emphasizes the need for a multidisciplinary approach to address the complex nature of cyberbullying and its impact on students.
Transforming Worlds: The Intersection of Translation Technology and Transformers in the Digital Age
Authors: Zayyanu Zaki Muhammad
Published: July 2024

This study provides a comparative analysis of the transformers’ role in translation technology with focus on the advancements of machine translation in digital age using Natural Language Processing (NLP). The study traces the technological advancements from rule-based to statistical methods of machine translation. The advancement is achieved through the integration of transformer models such as BERT, GPT and T5 in improving the efficiency of machine translation such as Neural Machine Translation (NMT). The BERT, GPT and T5 transformer models are characterised by their parallel processing and self-attention mechanisms, have significantly enhanced the accuracy and efficiency of translation, thus contributing to improved global communication. The study applied comparative and interpretative approach and theory of meaning. The study’s population focused on the translation technology and transformers. The study establishes the intersection of the two systems based on the facts and results of the systems from language engineers and translation experts. The discussion revolves around the challenges inherently present in transformer-based systems, including concerns over data efficiency, the handling of rare words, context sensitivity, bias, fairness, and the overarching societal impact of such technologies. The research highlights the development of innovative tools including wearable translation devices, smartphone applications, and emotion recognition systems that aid in surpassing language barriers and fostering international collaboration and understanding. It delves into the societal ramifications of these technologies, advocating for preservation of cultural nuances and the promotion of intercultural dialogue while highlighting ethical considerations such as privacy, security, and misinformation, and their role in shaping the deployment of translation technology. The study concludes that there is a synergy between transformers and translation technology in the digital age. The study traced an evolution from rule-based machine translation to the sophisticated AI powered translation that are revolutionized using transformer models. Through analysis and comparison, it is clear that transformer models beside enhancing accuracy and efficiency of translation, can also process and interpret natural language.
Revolutionising Translation Technology: A Comparative Study of Variant Transformer Models - BERT, GPT, and T5
Authors: Zayyanu Zaki Muhammad
Published: July 2024

Recently, transformer-based models have reshaped the landscape of Natural Language Processing (NLP), particularly in the domain of Machine Translation (MT). this study explores three revolutionary transformer models: Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), Generative Pretrained Transformer (GPT), and Text-to-Text Transfer Transformer (T5). The study delves into their architecture, capabilities, and applications in the context of translation technology. The study begins by discussing the evolution of machine translation from rule-based to statistical machine translation and finally to transformer models. The models have distinct architectures and purposes which pushed the limits of MT and have been instrumental in revolutionising the field. The study found significant contributions of the models in the advancement of NLP tasks including translation technology. Using comparative approach, the study further elaborates on each model’s design and utility. BERT is strong in excelling in tasks requiring a deep understanding of the context. GPT is excellent for tasks such as text generation, translation and creative writing. While the strengths of T5 is text-to-text framework by simplifying the taskspecific architectures, making it easy to perform different NLP tasks. Recognising these models’ unique features allows translators to select the best one for particular translation tasks and adjust them for better accuracy, fluency, and cultural relevance in translations. The study concludes that the models bridge language barriers, improve cross-cultural communication and pave way for more accurate and natural translations in the future. The study also points out that language processing models are continually evolving but understanding BERT, GPT, and T5’s specific features is key for ongoing development in translation technology.
The TOE Theory and Cloud Computing: Exploring Factors Affecting the Adoption Of Cloud Computing
Authors: Oladoyinbo Tunbosun Oyewale , Adeyemo Isiaka Akinkunmi , Oladoyinbo Oluseun Babatunde
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the elements anticipated to affect healthcare hospitals' decision to use cloud computing. A quantitative technique is applied in this work. To find out how prepared and able the IT departments of various hospitals were to embrace cloud computing, 200 questionnaires were utilised. The decision of organisations to view cloud computing as a wise investment was influenced by Technology, Organisational, and Environmental aspects (TOE), as determined by multiple regression testing of the data. The study's results revealed that every element significantly improved hospitals' intention to use cloud computing, with the technological element having the biggest influence on the choice.
Fuzzy Cognitive Maps as a Bridge between Symbolic and Sub-Symbolic Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Leon Maikel
Published: July 2024

The intersection of symbolic and sub-symbolic Artificial Intelligence (AI) presents a fertile ground for innovations that combine the interpretability of the former with the learning capabilities of the latter. This paper introduces Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) as a hybrid model that encapsulates the strengths of both paradigms, proposing them as a viable solution to the challenges of explainability and interpretability in AI systems. FCMs have emerged as a compelling framework for representing causal knowledge and facilitating decision-making processes intuitively and justifiably. FCMs can handle the inherent uncertainty and vagueness seen in real-world scenarios, thus enabling a more natural and flexible approach to problem-solving. This intrinsic flexibility, combined with the capacity for learning and adaptation derived from sub-symbolic AI, positions FCMs as an ideal candidate for applications demanding high degrees of explainability and interpretability.
An Approach to Demonstrate That a Cognitive System Does Not Have Subjective Consciousness
Authors: Boissenin Manuel
Published: July 2024

With Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibiting astounding abilities in human language processing and generation, a crucial debate has emerged: do they truly understand what they process and can they be conscious? While the nature of consciousness remains elusive, this synthetic article sheds light on its subjective aspect as well as some aspects of their understanding. Indeed, it can be shown, under specific conditions, that a cognitive system does not have any subjective consciousness. To this purpose the principle of a proof, based on a variation of the thought experiment of the Chinese Room from John Searl, will be developed. The demonstration will be made on a transformer architecture-based language model, however, it could be carried out and extended to many kind of cognitive systems with known architecture and functioning. The main conclusions are that while transformers architecture-based LLMs lack subjective consciousness based, in a nutshell, on the absence of a central subject, they exhibit a form of “asubjective phenomenal understanding” demonstrably through various tasks and tests. This opens a new perspective on the nature of understanding itself that can be uncoupled with any subjective experience.
Exploring Bayesian Hierarchical Models for Multi-Level Credit Risk Assessment: Detailed Insights
Authors: Moolchandani Sanjay
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we examine the use of Bayesian Hierarchical Models (BHMs) for multi-level credit risk assessment while focusing on their advantages compared to conventional valuation approaches of singlelevel models. Unlike most traditional methodologies, which consider events either separately or condition on an aggregate measure, each of the BHMs systematically incorporates data from different levels — loan or obligor level and institution level — to provide a more holistic view of credit risk under numerous uncertainties and dependencies. The paper reviews basic theoretical underpinnings of BHMs, such as Bayesian inference and hierarchical Modeling, while giving examples on how these mechanisms work in practice within the context of estimating default risk. In addition, the paper outlines computational challenges, highlights the role of prior distributions, and explains that BHMs could potentially be combined with machine learning for dynamic risk assessments. The paper highlights a real-world application, and provides detailed insights into how BHMs can help improve both the accuracy and interpretability of credit risk assessments.
Implementation of the New Senior High School Standards-Based Curriculum in Ghana and Matters Arising: From 21st Century Skills to a Bipolar Global Problem?
Authors: Laar David Baaman
Published: July 2024

Education is an essential vehicle that could be used to promote the development drive of developing countries including Ghana. This is because education imbibe in the citizens useful cultural traits including knowledge, values, attitudes and skills. A combination of internal and external factors however, combine to limit the levels of educational attainment for people in developing countries, but also act to alter the sociocultural standards of these countries. Using a combination of mixed methods and desktop review of published and unpublished data sources the author attempts a chronicle of Ghana's past curriculum designs and its local cultural impacts viz-a-viz its correlation with issues bothering the global community.
Examining the Learning Engagement of ESL Learners with Native ESL Teaching Instructions, Focusing on Behavioral, Affective, and Cognitive Aspects
Authors: Yarquah Frederick Cecil
Published: July 2024

Student engagement is vital in ESL education, with various pedagogical approaches emphasizing its importance. This research reviews literature on learner engagement in ESL and EFL classrooms, while also collecting data on students' attitudes towards native and non-native ESL teachers. The study aims to examine three types of teaching-learning engagements and explore learners' responses to instructions from native ESL teachers. A purposive sampling method was employed, selecting 41 participants consisting of 24 first-year and 17 second-year students. A survey research design utilizing a nonexperimental approach was used, employing a Likert scale and polling instrument. The study found that students had positive responses to instructions from native ESL teachers in Central Asia. This suggests that the presence of these teachers has had a significant impact and efforts should be made to recruit more. These findings could improve ESL teaching approaches and methodologies.
Fine-Tuning of Small/Medium LLMs for Business QA on Structured Data
Authors: Ragab Rasha , Altahhan Abdulrahman
Published: July 2024

Enabling business users to directly query their data sources is a significant advantage for organisations. The majority of enterprise data is housed within databases, requiring extensive procedures that involve intermediary layers for reporting and its related customization. The concept of enabling natural language queries, where a chatbot can interpret user questions into database queries and promptly return results, holds promise for expediting decision-making and enhancing business responsiveness. This approach empowers experienced users to swiftly obtain data-driven insights. The integration of Text-to-SQL and Large Language Model (LLM) capabilities represents a solution to this challenge, offering businesses a powerful tool for query automation. However, security concerns prevent organizations from granting direct database access akin to platforms like OpenAI. To address this limitation, this Paper proposes developing fine-tuned small/medium LLMs tailored to specific domains like retail and supply chain.These models would be trained on domain-specific questions and Queries that answer these questions based on the database table structures to ensure efficacy and security. A pilot study is undertaken to bridge this gap by fine-tuning selected LLMs to handle business-related queries and associated database structures, focusing on sales and supply chain domains. The research endeavours to experiment with zero-shot and fine-tuning techniques to identify the optimal model. Notably, a new dataset is curated for fine-tuning, comprising business-specific questions pertinent to the sales and supply chain sectors. This experimental framework aims to evaluate the readiness of LLMs to meet the demands for business query automation within these specific domains. The study contributes to the progression of natural language query processing and database interaction within the realm of business intelligence applications.
Detection of Module Integration Errors in Hierarchical Circuit Designs
Authors: Dematteis Nicholas , Godinez Jesus , Rhoads Gina , Karunaratne Maddu
Published: July 2024

Large circuits are developed by integration of many smaller modules that have already been designed and verified for accurate functionality. The integration phase also requires verification that the signal connections between the integrated modules are correctly paired to produce the expected final design. The validation of the module connectivity may be performed either visually or via simulations as part of the verification step of the overall functionality which may not check every connection between modules .Inadvertently some module interconnections may be in error, and neither be discovered visually nor detected if stimulus does not cover the whole circuit. This research attempts to automate the validation of module interconnections in a select area or the entire circuit by creating stimulus for circuit simulations. First step in this work is to identify the types of errors that are likely to occur when individual modules are integrated to create the final circuit. The second step is to develop a software program to create test stimulus targeting the module interconnections so they can be simulated to produce circuit output values. If those values deviate from what is functionally expected, then module connection errors are present provided each module has been verified before the integration. The research first classified the most probable alternative connections between modules into five categories based on the structure of the given hierarchical circuit. Secondly, algorithms were developed to enumerate possible alternatives to the interconnections between the modules in the circuit. These alternatives were considered as faults to be detected at the circuit boundary. Thirdly, tests were generated to detect such faults which yields external input data vectors to distinguish each potential alternative from the given circuit connections. Detection of a fault imply that the vector applied may be used for simulation of an equivalent behaviour or functional model of the circuit to obtain expected boundary values which would reveal whether the alternative is the correct connection or not. The test vectors were simulated against all the enumerated alternative connections (classified as faults) of the entire circuit to ensure each vector is productive in detecting a fault. The developed software was tested on a series of small circuits and appropriate benchmark circuits with great success. The generated test vectors distinguished (detected) 77% to 100% of all potential alternative interconnections between the modules in the circuits.
Protected Cultivation in Himachal Pradesh: A Case Study of Farmers Perspectives in
Kanda Village, District Solan
Authors: Kumar Rohit , Kumar Ajay , Kaur Navneet
Published: July 2024

Himachal Pradesh, known for its diverse topography and varied climatic zones, presents challenges and opportunities for agriculture, especially in regions like Solan, which experience unpredictable weather patterns and harsh winters. The present study investigates the practical implementation and outcomes of protected cultivation in the unique agro-climatic conditions of Himachal Pradesh, focusing on the case study of
Kanda Village in the Dharampur block of Solan District. The study delves into the intricacies of protected cultivation, a method involving the use of greenhouses, polyhouses and tunnels to shield crops from adverse environmental conditions, optimize growth and enhance crop productivity. Therefore, the key objective of the
present study is to examines the local farmers' perception about advantages of Protected Cultivation techniques. It will also analyse their experiences, challenges and successes in employing these methods in a region with distinct weather fluctuations. To achieve the objectives of the study the data has been collected through filed
survey and direct observations. The findings of this research contribute to a deeper understanding of the feasibility and benefits of protected cultivation in Himachal Pradesh, providing insights for policymakers, agricultural practitioners and stakeholders to further develop and promote sustainable agricultural practices in
similar agro-climatic regions.
Reliable Supply Chain To Deliver Inventory To Consumers With Exponential Demand
With The Effect Of Inflation On The Model Over Time
Authors: Padiyar Surendra Vikram Singh , Rajput Neelanjana , Makholia Deepa , Kumar Amit , Kuraie Vipin Chandra
Published: July 2024

The present paper acknowledges the impact of inflation over time and the significant challenge of managing a reliable supply chain on increasing consumer demands. In today's fast-paced business scenario, maintaining uninterrupted a flow of inventory is a crucial challenge, which is paramount to maintaining customer satisfaction. Consumer’ demand has increased exponentially across various industries due to various factors such as e-commerce growth, changing consumer preferences and emerging markets. Along with this, production costs, transportation costs and overall supply chain operating costs cannot remain unaffected by the cascading effects of inflation. With the help of this paper, an attempt has been made to develop a reliable supply chain management model which helps to form integrate demand sensing technologies and inflation-adjusted strategies to ensure an uninterrupted supply of inventory to consumers with exponentially increasing demand. The proposed model has been tested using real-world data, with the help of which an attempt has been made to create a reliable supply chain reflecting the impact of exponential demand and inflationary pressure. Through which, the market can remain agile and responsive even in the changing scenario, which also ensures customer satisfaction and sustainable growth.
Concept, Usability and Reliability of Telemedicine’s Application in The Modern Era of
Patient Treatment
Authors: Bansal Mamta , Jain Vipul , Narang Mandeep
Published: July 2024

Telemedicine is a field that has truly spread its branches in the past decade. The concept of Telemedicine might be new for many in recent years but in the technological field, it is a concept that was introduced many years ago. It has only evolved in recent years. Teledentistry is one such branch out of many that have impacted the community in a big way. Teledentistry is a recent and major concept propagated from the
field of Telemedicine. Many countries in the world are still unaware of Telemedicine uses. This script would provide an insight into the benefits provided by Telemedicine and in turn, promote Tele-dentistry to treat patients at large. In recent years the scope of telemedicine has spread across various spheres of life. After the pandemic, the need for telemedicine arose especially when people/masses were unable to reach the doctors physically. The challenges faced by the doctors without seeing the minute details of the structure of a small organ of the body like a tooth, only had to rely on the symptoms of the patient. This paper will also assess the current situation and future aspects. This research article includes the upcoming concept of Teledentistry, and it
is present as well as future prospects. The primary data was collected by direct survey through the Questionnaire method from the hospitals while Secondary data was collected through various sources. The patient response was positive and more than seventy-five percent (75%) of the patients expressed a genuine need for
telemedicine and teledentistry. The patient data showed that Telemedicine and its branch of Teledentistry has huge potential and the study shows that Private sector hospitals can avail maximum benefits at present and soon.
Global Sustainable Educational Goals For Catering To The Needs And Challenges Of
21st Century
Authors: Singh Devendra , Singh Pushpendra , Kumar Pavan , Nautiyal Anil Kumar
Published: July 2024

The Global Sustainable Educational Goals (GSEGs), developed by the United Nations, represent a comprehensive framework aimed at addressing the educational needs and challenges of the 21st century. These goals are designed to foster a holistic and sustainable approach to education, equipping learners with the necessary
skills, knowledge, and values to thrive in today's world. The first goal, Quality Education, seeks to ensure that all learners have access to inclusive and equitable education that is relevant to contemporary needs. It emphasizes the importance of educational equity and ensuring that no one is left behind. Lifelong Learning is another key goal, emphasizing continuous learning opportunities throughout life, both formal and informal, to adapt to evolving societal and economic demands. Global Citizenship aims to cultivate learners who are globally aware, culturally sensitive, and capable of addressing global challenges responsibly. It promotes understanding and cooperation across cultures and borders. Sustainability focuses on integrating principles of environmental stewardship, social responsibility, and economic sustainability into education, preparing learners to contribute to a sustainable future. Digital Literacy underscores the importance of technological proficiency, enabling learners
to effectively use digital tools for communication, collaboration, and problem-solving. Entrepreneurship and Innovation aim to nurture creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurial skills among learners, crucial for driving economic growth and development. Lastly, Health and Wellbeing prioritize physical, mental, and emotional
health among learners, recognizing their fundamental role in personal and societal success. In essence, the GSEGs provide a cohesive framework that addresses diverse educational needs in the 21st century, aiming for a sustainable, inclusive, and prosperous future globally. Implementation of these goals is critical to ensuring that
education equips individuals with the competencies needed to navigate and contribute to an increasingly complex and interconnected world.
Criminal Behavior of Young People: Preliminary Results of the Fourth International Self-Reported Delinquency Study (ISRD4) in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Budimlić Muhamed , Kobajica Mišanović Sandra
Published: July 2024

The International Self-Reported Delinquency Study – ISRD is comparative research conducted internationally on delinquency and victimization of children and youth. The study was launched in 1992, and repeated in three more sweeps, including the most recent one done in more than 50 participating countries between 2020 and 2022. The study is conducted through surveying children ages 13 to 17 (sample from schools).
In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the study was conducted in the second (ISRD2: 2006) and the third sweep (ISRD3: 2016) where the national representative sample was used. In the final, fourth cycle (ISRD4), the research was done in two cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo and Bihać, in which the data was gathered between April and December of 2022 in selected schools. Both selected cities were included in earlier research, through representative national sample only. The data was mostly gathered via an online questionnaire, however due to tech- nical constraints in a small number of schools a pencil-and-paper method was used instead.
This reference study on delinquency and victimization of children and youth has two main objectives. The first objective is focusing on comparing differences, similarities, and trends in delinquencies and victimization between participating countries. The second objective is to explore and test theoretical queries linked with juvenile delinquency and victimization, while keeping the focus on the possibilities of using the study results for creation and realization of policies in this field.
Use of Firearms in Private Protection Services
Authors: Perčin Ante , Nađ Ivan
Published: July 2024

Overall private protection activities for the protection of persons and property are in the major- ity of cases treated in the context of preventive protection activities, although the direct execu- tors of private protection tasks are given some repressive powers, primarily in the case of the need to protect one's own life and/or the person who is the object of protection when perform- ing the aforementioned tasks. However, the use of the aforementioned security powers from the category of means of coercion, starting with the use of physical force (sprayers of permitted non-harmful substances, binding agents), through a security dog, and up to the use of firearms in practice often results in a series of accompanying problems in cases where the application of the said powers by the security guard really did come. In this context, of course, the largest part of the mentioned problem falls on the use of firearms as the most powerful repressive means that the security guard has at his disposal when repelling a simultaneous and illegal attack on his own integrity or the person who is the object of protection. Following the aforementioned, as well as the general interpretation according to which the powers of private security guards essentially derive from the so-called of "civil powers" (necessary defense, emergency and civil arrest) which in principle every citizen has, in the following paper, the normative regulation re- lated to the use of firearms by security guards in the Republic of Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovi- na, the Republic of Slovenia and the Republic of Serbia is analyzed , and at the same time give an answer to the research question, whether the aforementioned legal solutions that regulate the work of security guards give the direct executors of private protection the appropriate authority to perform private protection work and/or ultimately to a certain extent restrain and stigmatize them in relation to the broadest civil powers when defending against an attack. In this context, the latest case in the Ritz night club in Zagreb (from April 22, 2023) was also analyzed, in which the actions of the security guards and repelling the attack with the use of firearms were (at this time) characterized as the criminal offense of murder, not the use of firearms. weapons when performing private protection duties with fatal consequences.
Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing in Bosnia and Herzegovina: A Review of the Legislative Framework and Current Situation
Authors: Katica Admir
Published: July 2024

According to the latest report from the Global Initiative on illicit financial flows, it is estimated that money laundering in Bosnia and Herzegovina ranges from 400 million to one billion euros. While the components of illicit financial flows are influenced by various factors, the primary focus is on money laundering through the financial system. Widespread corruption, as empha- sized in international reports, calls for a more decisive response to both corruption and organ- ized crime, especially in the context of money laundering. Criminal laws at the state, entity, and Brčko District levels define the offense of money laundering. The Law on the Prevention of Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism in Bosnia and Herzegovina clearly stipulates actions for preventing and detecting money laundering, identifying obligated entities and their duties, the competencies of the Financial Intelligence Department (FID), and inter-institutional cooperation, all aimed at preventing money laundering and financing terrorist activities. Ac- cording to various assessments and expert opinions, amendments to this law are necessary for Bosnia and Herzegovina to be more effective in addressing this issue. Risk assessments of mon- ey laundering and the threat of organized crime in Bosnia and Herzegovina identify methods of money laundering and practical deficiencies that need to be identified. The State Investigation and Protection Agency published statistical data and typologies of money laundering for the year 2021, identifying ways in which money obtained through criminal activities is attempted to be legally introduced into the financial system, as well as legalized through the purchase of real estate, luxury vehicles, and the use of cryptocurrencies.
Crime Scene Investigation and Reconstruction – Criminal Procedure and Criminalistics Aspects in North Macedonia
Authors: Trajanovska Vesna , Peovska Natasha
Published: July 2024

With the beginning of the criminal procedure, in its first part of the preliminary procedure stage (pre-investigative and investigative), legally relevant facts are determined through evidentiary means, by which we mean sources from which the evidence bases are obtained. The crime scene investigation and reconstruction are integral parts of the evidentiary actions system that are applied within the frame- work of criminal and criminal proceedings with the aim of efficient and effective research, elucidation, and proof of the criminal event.
The crime scene investigation is a systematic action by which, by the provisions of the law, objects, traces, and other circumstances important for clarifying the criminal legal event are taken, expertly processed, and in the crime scene investigation documentation registered, and fixed.
Crime scene reconstruction is determining or eliminating the events and actions that occurred at the crime scene through analysis of the crime scene pattern, the location and position of the physical evidence, and the laboratory examination of the physical evidence. Reconstruction involves the systematic study of related infor- mation and the logical formulation of a theory.
Subjects’ Ability to Characterize g’s in Relation to Activities of Daily Living
Authors: Lee William
Published: July 2024

The amount of force associated with a specific activity or event often utilizes g’s (g-force) and the unit of force. In litigation, biomechanics forensic experts provide general causation analysis of injury events, referencing the g’s of the event and often the g’s associated with Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). It is assumed that jurors will understand and correctly interpret any presented g values. This research explored the validity of this assumption. A survey instrument was employed that included 610 subjects to probe an individual’s understanding of what g’s are and their beliefs of the associated magnitude of ADL g’s. The results indicated that most adults have a limited understanding of g’s, often holding incorrect beliefs. For example, many believe they do not experience 2 or 3 g’s during daily activities. Therefore, it is useful for the engineering expert to frame g-based analysis with references to ADLs, providing individuals (and jurors) with a proper framework to understand the analysis results. Without such reference points, jurors may misunderstand — and attorneys can misrepresent — the meaning of any g’s associated with the specific case analysis.
Direct detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on a molecular composition level in summertime ambient aerosol via proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry
Authors: Reinecke Tobias , Leiminger Markus , Klinger Andreas , Müller Markus
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Condensed particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of toxic organic compounds that are produced by the incomplete combustion of organic material, for example, via biomass burning or traffic emissions. Even at low long-term exposure levels, such as 1 ng m−3 of benzo(a)pyrene, PAHs are recognized to be detrimental to human health. Therefore, a quantitative characterization of PAHs at sub-nanogram-per-cubic-meter levels is important to examine precise long-term exposure. A new ultrasensitive generation of proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) instruments coupled to the CHARON particle inlet are capable of quantitatively detecting this toxic class of compounds at a molecular composition level while also offering a high temporal resolution of < 1 min and sub-nanogram-per-cubic-meter limits of detection. To demonstrate the capabilities of this new CHARON FUSION PTR-TOF 10k instrument, we present a thorough characterization of summertime ambient condensed PAHs in Innsbruck, Austria. With a mass resolution of > 14 000 (m Δm−1 at full width at half maximum) and sensitivities of up to 40 cps ng−1 m3 (where cps represents counts per second), a series of nine condensed PAHs of four (C16H10) to six aromatic rings (C26H16) are identified among a plethora of organic compounds in ambient organic aerosol. With 1 min limits of detection between 19 and 46 pg m−3, quantitative time series of these PAHs at the lowermost mass concentrations are determined. To understand the sources and processes associated with these condensed summertime PAHs in greater detail, a matrix factorization including the ∼ 4000 ionic signals detected by the CHARON FUSION PTR-TOF 10k is performed, representing the vast majority of the mass concentration of ambient organic aerosol. A total of 10 factors and their corresponding time series can be identified. Known tracer compounds like levoglucosan, pinonic acid or nicotine consequently allow the assignment to individual organic aerosol sources and physicochemical processes. PAH emissions from traffic are found to be minor contributors during this summertime sampling period. The highest concentrations of PAHs are identified in a mixed aged oxygenated organic aerosol, followed by a biomass burning and a cigarette smoke organic aerosol.
A comprehensive in-situ and remote sensing data set collected during the HALO–(AC)3 aircraft campaign
Authors: Ehrlich André , Crewell Susanne , Herber Andreas , Klingebiel Marcus , Lüpkes Christof , Mech Mario , Becker Sebastian , Borrmann Stephan , Bozem Heiko , Buschmann Matthias , Clemen Hans-Christian , De La Torre Castro Elena , Dorff Henning , Dupuy Regis , Eppers Oliver , Ewald Florian , George Geet , Giez Andreas , Grawe Sarah , Gourbeyre Christophe , Hartmann Jörg , Jäkel Evelyn , Joppe Philipp , Jourdan Olivier , Jurányi Zsófia , Kirbus Benjamin , Lucke Johannes , Luebke Anna E. , Maahn Maximilian , Maherndl Nina , Mallaun Christian , Mayer Johanna , Mertes Stephan , Mioche Guillaume , Moser Manuel , Müller Hanno , Pörtge Veronika , Risse Nils , Roberts Greg , Rosenburg Sophie , Röttenbacher Johannes , Schäfer Michael , Schaefer Jonas , Schäfler Andreas , Schirmacher Imke , Schneider Johannes , Schnitt Sabrina , Stratmann Frank , Tatzelt Christian , Voigt Christiane , Walbröl Andreas , Weber Anna , Wetzel Bruno , Wirth Martin , Wendisch Manfred
Published: July 2024

Abstract. The HALO–(AC)3 aircraft campaign was carried out in March and April 2022 over the Norwegian and Greenland Seas, the Fram Strait, and the central Arctic Ocean. Three research aircraft, the High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO), Polar 5, and Polar 6, performed 54 partly coordinated research flights on 23 flight days over areas of open ocean, the marginal sea ice zone (MIZ), and the central Arctic sea ice. The general objective of the research flights was to quantify the evolution of air mass properties during moist and warm air intrusions (WAIs) and cold air outbreaks (CAOs). To gain a comprehensive data set, the three aircraft followed different strategies. HALO was equipped with active and passive remote sensing instruments and dropsondes to cover the regional evolution of cloud and thermodynamic processes. Polar 5 carried a similar remote sensing payload as HALO, and Polar 6 was instrumented with in-situ cloud, aerosol, and trace gas instruments focusing on the initial air mass transformation close to the MIZ. The processed, calibrated, and validated data are published in the World Data Center PANGAEA as instrument-separated data subsets and listed in aircraft-separated collections for HALO (Ehrlich et al., 2024a), Polar 5 (Mech et al., 2024a), and Polar 6 (Herber et al., 2024). A detailed overview of the available data sets is provided here. Furthermore, the campaign-specific instrument setup, the data processing, and data quality are summarized. Based on measurements conducted during a specific CAO, it is shown that the scientific analysis of the HALO– (AC)3 data benefits from the coordinated operation of the three aircraft.
Artistic Practices in Lockdown: Resistance and Collectivism during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Portugal
Authors: Ermida Raquel , Pratas-Cruzeiro Cristina
Published: July 2024

In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the precariousness and working conditions of artists and cultural workers globally, including Portugal. Through the research project Práticas Artísticas Confinadas: Resistência e Coletivismo na Pandemia Covid-19 em Portugal (Artistic Practices in Lockdown: Resistance and Collectivism during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Portugal), undertaken between December 2021 and June 2022, it was possible to conclude that amid this crisis, Portuguese cultural workers mobilised collectively to advocate for labour rights, expose irregularities within cultural institutions and secure access to cultural and artistic production. Drawing on these findings, this article focuses on how the restrictions on the use of physical public spaces, which are privileged arenas for protest and participatory democracy as defined by the Portuguese Constitution, compelled these workers to devise alternative approaches to sustain their activism. Thus, the paper examines the strategies employed by cultural workers to circumvent the restrictions by adapting and subverting these spatial limitations. The article concludes with an analysis of how the use of art practices and the performativity of these strategies were crucial in ensuring the continuation of social mobilisation and democratic exercise.
Imágenes de la vejez femenina en los epigramas grecolatinos y en las sátiras de Juvenal
Authors: Méndez Santiago Borja
Published: July 2024

Este artículo estudia las imágenes de la vejez femenina en algunas obras antiguas, principalmente los Epigramas de Marcial, las Sátiras de Juvenal y los autores de la Antología palatina. En la introducción se comparan brevemente los géneros epigramático y satírico y se intenta ofrecer una breve explicación acerca de las diferentes concepciones de la vejez en la Antigüedad. El núcleo del artículo consiste en un análisis en profundidad de los distintos estereotipos asociados a las ancianas, que contrastan con las imágenes comúnmente asociadas a las mujeres jóvenes. Su decadencia física, manifestada en la ausencia total o parcial de dientes, en sus problemas oculares, canas y/o alopecia y problemas de movilidad, motivó que estas mujeres desarrollaran una serie de prácticas que, como el uso del maquillaje y pelucas, fueron fuertemente criticadas por los autores antiguos. Dentro de los rasgos psicológicos atribuidos a las ancianas, se destacan su propensión al alcoholismo y, sobre todo, su búsqueda activa del placer. Las ancianas son, así, vistas como unos seres subversivos que no aceptan las convenciones sociales y que están dispuestas a todo con tal de dar satisfacción a sus deseos sexuales.
The Triumvirate rei publicae constituendae, ἀντάρχοντες in an Inscription from Aphrodisias, and the Late Republican Promagistracy
Authors: Frolov Roman M.
Published: July 2024

This paper begins with an overview of some of the difficulties with modern conceptions – as formulated especially by Ugo Coli, Frederik Vervaet, and Carsten Lange – of the Triumvirate rei publicae constituendae as an instance of the so-called magistracies ad tempus incertum. According to these scholars, the Triumvirate could be legally retained past the term stipulated by statutory provisions. Drawing upon the notion that the contemporaries perceived the Triumvirate as a temporary formalization of personalized informal power, which would persist and effectively control both the sphere militiae and the sphere domi even after its holders ceased to be triumvirs and formally became promagistrates, this paper puts forth a hypothesis to elucidate the use of the term ἀντάρχοντες (typically denoting promagistrates) in an Aphrodisias inscription from ca. 39/38 BCE. In this text, ἀντάρχοντες refers to those who could convene the Roman Senate. The understanding of the Triumvirate holds pivotal significance as a prerequisite for any interpretation of this inscription, but the latter tells us more about the Realpolitik of the late republican promagistracy than the formalities of the Triumvirate. In unraveling the reasons for which the inscription attributes to the ἀντάρχοντες the authority that promagistrates never formally possessed, we must account for the possibility that the text collapses one’s legal rights and statuses from distinct temporal contexts and one’s capacity to take informal political initiative, into a single construction. However, this reading becomes plausible only when we take into consideration the previous experience of the Romans and provincials with some powerful promagistrates interfering with Roman city politics.
América Latina en transformación. Desafíos globales y retos políticos y sociales en el siglo XXI
Authors: Dirección Política y Sociedad
Published: July 2024

Presentación
Estudio sobre el Mapa del Patrimonio de la Danza elaborado por el CDAEM
Authors: Santamaría Jiménez Alicia
Published: July 2024

El Mapa del Patrimonio de la Danza elaborado por el CDAEM aglutina una selección de instituciones que conservan patrimonio relacionado con la danza. Sobre esta base de datos, actualizada en 2021, se ha realizado un estudio estadístico a través de cuestionarios enviados a las diferentes instituciones obteniendo una impronta más detallada de su situación. Los cuestionarios fueron validados por el método de juicio de expertos y el estudio se prolongó durante los años 2019 y 2023. El análisis de los resultados obtenidos arrojó la difícil situación de algunos centros con marcada ausencia de personal, espacios o recursos técnicos y económicos. Otros puntos fuertes del estudio han sido por un lado, el establecimiento de una tipología documental dentro de la danza, coincidiendo las encuestas con la planteada y recomendada inicialmente por la selección de expertos. Por otro lado, es destacable la obtención de un porcentaje considerablemente alto de instituciones que señalaron la organización de actividades de danza en directo, con el consiguiente valor añadido que esta disciplina puede aportar dentro de una institución cultural de este tipo.