bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Herramienta para evaluar la aplicación de buenas prácticas de gestión comercial (GC) en empresas de agua y saneamiento
Authors: Ducci Jorge , Soulier Faure Martin
Published: March 2024

El objetivo de la presente aplicación Excel es ayudar a las empresas de agua y saneamiento a evaluar los avances su gestión comercial en base de varios criterios, entre ellos facturación, ingresos, atención al cliente, y marketing. Puede ser utilizada de varias maneras: para conocer el grado de consenso subjetivo acerca de la gestión comercial en una empresa de agua y saneamiento, como una herramienta de diagnostico y negociación de plan de acción o como un base de dialogo con autoridades nacionales.
Instituciones de apoyo a las exportaciones en Centroamérica y Panamá: Directorio regional de entidades que brindan apoyo a las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas en su proceso exportador
Authors:   Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo
Published: March 2024

El presente documento es un mapeo de las instituciones en la región que brindan apoyo al proceso de exportación para las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (MIPYMES) en el marco del proyecto de participación de la micro, pequeña y mediana empresa centroamericana en el proceso de negociación del acuerdo de asociación entre Centroamérica y la Unión Europea, desarrollada durante los meses de julio y agosto de 2010. El contenido del directorio está estructurado por país, presentando información sobre: la balanza comercial total y la balanza comercial con la Unión Europea, la oficina nacional gubernamental para los trámites de exportación, el perfil de las entidades de apoyo identificadas, los sitios web por cada país de otras entidades de interés para las MIPYMES, y un listado de organismos con presencia regional, algunas entidades certificadoras privadas de normas internacionales que tienen presencia en la región.
La experiencia española en concesiones y APPs: Infraestructuras de carreteras
Authors: Rebollo Andrés
Published: March 2024

El presente documento es el capítulo 2 de un informe de consultoría sobre las asociaciones público-privadas (APPs) en España, donde se hace un somero recorrido sobre la evolución de fórmulas que han producido su gran desarrollo en los últimos 10 años, identificando los principales rasgos de la tradición y práctica española en materia de APPs y analizando detalladamente las motivaciones, marco jurídico y modalidades de contratación. En este capítulo se expone la experiencia en España en el empleo de esquemas de APP para la promoción de infraestructuras de carreteras.
La experiencia española en concesiones y APPs: Puertos y aeropuertos
Authors: Rebollo Andrés
Published: March 2024

El presente documento es el capítulo 3 de un informe de consultoría sobre las asociaciones público-privadas (APPs) en España, donde se hace un somero recorrido sobre la evolución de fórmulas que han producido su gran desarrollo en los últimos 10 años, identificando los principales rasgos de la tradición y práctica española en materia de APPs y analizando detalladamente las motivaciones, marco jurídico y modalidades de contratación. En este capítulo se consideran dos sectores conjuntamente que, a pesar de ser claramente diferentes en regulación y mercado, sí tienen varios puntos en común en comparación con el resto de los sectores analizados.
Guía de principios para una efectiva regulación y supervisión de las operaciones de microfinanzas
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank,   Association of Supervisors of Banks of the Americas
Published: March 2024

El propósito principal de este documento es presentar una guía de principios de uso internacional que reúna las mejores prácticas en materia de regulación y supervisión de las operaciones de micro finanzas realizadas por entidades financieras que captan depósitos. En el primer capítulo se analiza la pertinencia de la aplicación en las instituciones de microfinanzas de los Principios Básicos para una Supervisión Bancaria Eficaz, así como el enfoque de Basilea II. En el segundo capítulo, recogiendo las conclusiones de los procesos descritos líneas arriba, se presenta un conjunto de recomendaciones para el desarrollo armónico de las microfinanzas, que incluyen precondiciones y principios para la regulación y supervisión efectiva de las carteras de microcrédito, así como de las instituciones de microfinanzas.
Lecciones operativas para promover mercados de servicios de desarrollo empresarial a través de bonos y fondos compartidos
Authors: Alberti José Pedro , Soler Santiago , Castagnola José Luis
Published: March 2024

En este documento se presenta una serie de lineamientos y lecciones operativas para promover mercados de servicios de desarrollo empresarial (SDE) para las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (MIPyME) a través de mecanismos de bonos y fondos compartidos. Estas experiencias son analizadas en el presente documento a fin de identificar criterios y lecciones operativas para mejorar el diseño de los nuevos programas de bonos y fondos compartidos para desarrollar los mercados de servicios empresariales y contribuir al aumento de la competitividad de las MIPyME de la región.
Las reformas portuarias en Latinoamérica: Estudio de tres puertos
Authors: Beato Paulina
Published: March 2024

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las reformas que se han introducido en los modelos tradicionales de prestación de servicios portuarios. La principal conclusión del análisis es que el cambio hacia modelos con mayor participación del sector privado y con una mayor utilización del mercado requiere una reforma del marco de las relaciones laborales de los trabajadores portuarios.
Apoyo a la pequeña y mediana empresa: Una década de actividades del Grupo Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (1990-2000)
Authors:   Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo
Published: March 2024

En este informe se ofrece un panorama general de las actividades del Grupo BID en apoyo al desarrollo de la Pequeña y Mediana Empresa (Pyme) en América Latina y el Caribe durante la década de los noventa. Su objetivo consiste en presentar una descripción consolidada de las actividades de todo el Grupo en apoyo a la Pyme en el contexto de las necesidades y los retos que afrontan estas empresas. El informe incluye también un breve resumen de las condiciones y obstáculos existentes para la Pyme en la región, de los objetivos de los tres organismos que integran el Grupo BID y de sus principales áreas de actividad, funciones e instrumentos. Concluye con recomendaciones para extender el apoyo e incluye además la estrategia vigente del Banco para el desarrollo empresarial.
El grupo BID y la pequeña y mediana empresa (1990-2004): Resultados de 15 años de trabajo
Authors:   Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo
Published: March 2024

El presente informe contiene un resumen de los esfuerzos que el grupo BID ha realizado en el periodo 1990-2005 para mejorar la competitividad del sector PyME. En su carácter de organismo multilateral regional de desarrollo, el grupo BID ha realizado esfuerzos en colaboración con los gobiernos y el sector privado con el fin de superar las deficiencias y explorar alternativas para lograr el pleno desarrollo de las PyME en la región. Con este informe esperamos contribuir a una mejor apreciación del apoyo que el grupo BID le brinda al sector de las pequeñas y medianas empresas en América Latina y el Caribe, además de compartir los resultados y las lecciones derivadas de nuestras actividades y unir nuestros esfuerzos para cumplir con la agenda de trabajo en favor de la PyME.
Informe MERCOSUL No. 10 (2004-2005)
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

O período transcorrido entre o segundo semestre de 2004 e os primeiros seis meses de 2005 pode sercaracterizado como de convergência na evolução macroeconômica regional. Os países do Mercado Comumdo Sul (MERCOSUL) observaram nesta etapa não só um importante dinamismo econômico e comercial,como padrões comuns de solvência fiscal e monetária, regimes cambiais similares, paridades mais elevadasdo que as registradas na década anterior, balanços positivos de conta corrente, entre outros fatores.
Informe MERCOSUL No. 15 (2009-2010)
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

O Informe MERCOSUL N° 15 (julho de 2009 - junho de 2010) resenha e analisa os principais aspectos do processo de integração do bloco, tanto no que diz respeito à agenda interna como à externa, no período de julho de 2009 a junho de 2010. Os dois capítulos iniciais contêm, respectivamente, uma análise do panorama macroeconômico das economias do Mercado Comum do Sul (MERCOSUL) e dos seus fluxos comerciais.
Informe MERCOSUL No. 5 (1998-1999)
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

O segundo semestre de 1998 assinala um ponto de inflexão no desempenho econômico dos países do MERCOSUL e deverá marcar, muito provavelmente, o início de uma nova fase no relacionamento entre seus sócios. A etapa inicial, que se estende desde a assinatura do Tratado de Assunção, em 1991, até a decretação de moratória russa, em agosto de 1998, deverá ser considerada, a despeito de eventuaisdificuldades e tropeços, uma fase plenamente exitosa de um projeto original de criação e consolidação deum bloco comercial constituído por economias não plenamente desenvolvidas.
Carga tributária indireta no Brasil: Análise da incidência efetiva sobre as famílias
Authors: Araujo Erika Amorim , Vianna Salvador Teixeira Werneck , Afonso José Roberto
Published: March 2024

Este trabalho tem por objetivo aplicar uma metodologia para a mensuração de efeitos distributivos relacionados à incidência de impostos indiretos sobre as despesas de consumo das famílias brasileiras. A metodologia consiste basicamente de duas etapas. Na primeira, as alíquotas efetivas dos principais impostos e contribuições que compõem a carga tributária indireta brasileira são estimadas a partir dos coeficientes técnicos da Matriz Insumo-Produto de 1996 do IBGE e dos valores arrecadados dos impostos informados nas Contas Nacionais de 2002 do IBGE. Na segunda etapa as alíquotas efetivas são aplicadas sobre as despesas com uma cesta de consumo; despesas essas informadas pelas famílias ao IBGE e que constam dos microdados da última Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (1995-96). Os resultados finais consistirão portanto de estimativas do peso da carga tributária indireta incidente sobre uma cesta de consumo bastante representativa no orçamento das famílias de baixa renda. Essas estimativas serão apresentadas como proporção da renda média de cada décimo populacional (indicador de regressividade) e das despesas de consumo (alíquotas efetivas)
Informe MERCOSUL No. 16 (2010-2011)
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

O Informe MERCOSUL N° 16 (julho de 2010 - junho de 2011) analisa o panorama macroeconômico e os fluxos comerciais dos países do Mercado Comum do Sul (MERCOSUL), assim como os principais aspectos do processo de integração do bloco, tanto na agenda interna quanto na externa.
Guia operacional de acessibilidade para projetos em desenvolvimento urbano com critérios de desenho universal
Authors: Alvarez Eduardo , Camisão Verónica
Published: March 2024

Este manual serve como instrumento orientador ao oferecer uma visão geral de temas relativos à implantação da acessibilidade. Os critérios, parâmetros e recomendações técnicas citados neste documento se baseiam nas Normas Técnicas Regionais de Acessibilidade da COPANT (Comissão Pan-americana de Normas Técnicas), e que devem prevalecer no caso de inexistência de normas locais sobre acessibilidade com maior nível de exigência.
Fatores de incremento de custos em projetos de melhoramento bairros: o caso do Município de Vitória
Authors: Bezerra Maria do Carmo
Published: March 2024

O tema objeto de estudo, Melhoramento de Bairros se apresenta como a maior demanda na carteira Procidades, em execução até 2011, respondendo por 43% do total dos investimentos. Importante esclarecer que, no Brasil, o termo mais utilizado para investimentos em melhoria da qualidade urbana em áreas carentes tem sido "Projetos Integrados de Regularização Fundiária". O termo utilizado pelo BID se deve ao fato de não envolver, obrigatoriamente transferência do direito de propriedade para os moradores nas localidades dos projetos financiados.
A logistica de cargas na America Latina e no Caribe: uma agenda para melhorar seu desempenho
Authors: Barbero José A.
Published: March 2024

O presente documento tem a finalidade de identificar os principais entraves ao desempenho logístico na América Latina e no Caribe (a região), apresentando uma agenda para superálos. examina a posição relativa do desempenho logístico da América Latina, revisando os principais indicadores disponíveis, e analisa as possíveis causas do hiato existente entre a região e os países que conseguiram adotar as melhores práticas
Country Program Evaluation: Mexico (1990-2000)
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

This report (RE-259) presents the Office of Evaluation and Oversight's evaluation of the Bank's program with Mexico from 1990 to 2000. This evaluation is based on the standard evaluative criteria adopted by the Evaluation Cooperation Group of the multilateral development banks: relevance, efficiency of delivery-implementation, focus, and effectiveness. The purpose of the exercise is to improve the development effectiveness of the Bank's program. From the evaluation are drawn out recommendations as inputs to the discussion of how to improve the Bank's performance in the country. Our evaluation of the Bank's Mexico program, despite some positive experiences, identifies shortcomings in each of the evaluative dimensions; and these findings should have implications for subsequent programming cycles. Five core recommendations are offered for consideration in subsequent programming cycles: improve knowledge transfer, define priorities, specify results and introduce accountability, re-emphasize completeness of project design and progress data, and introduce a pro-poor tilt to all Bank operations.
Country Program Evaluation: Paraguay (1991-2002)
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

This report (RE-259) presents the evaluation conducted by the Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE) of the Bank's country program in Paraguay during the period 1991-2002. Its objective is to present the results achieved by the IDB in the country and to derive lessons which may help enable the Bank to enhance the effectiveness of its actions in the future. The Bank is Paraguay's principal external creditor. The relatively limited presence of other international organizations, together with the Bank's continuous support for the country, have given it great capacity for dialogue with Paraguay. The report includes frame of reference for the report; the conclusions of the evaluation as regards the Bank's programming process in Paraguay; the Bank's actions in Paraguay and endeavors to evaluate how these activities related to the objectives defined by Bank programming; a description on the major outcomes of the country program financed and implemented by the Bank in Paraguay. Lastly, a set of conclusions and recommendations for future Bank activity in Paraguay are discussed.
Search for a New Partnership in Trade and Investment between Latin America and Asia-Pacific
Authors: Kuwayama Mikio
Published: March 2024

Although interregional cooperation in trade and investment between Latin America and Asia-Pacific has been on the agendas of countries in both regions for some time, initiatives have been few, with meager results. The lack of tangible results is related to the economic asymmetries between the two regions and a purely inter-industrial nature of bi-regional trade. The incipient drive in bi-regional trade up to the Asian crisis was triggered by the economic boom of East Asia on the one hand, and growth recovery, economic reforms and integration, on the other. Now, coupled with the slowdown of the US economy and the standstill of Japanese economy, the sustained impulse of these factors is uncertain. The present economic relations between the two regions do not reflect the potential for interregional trade and investment that exists in an increasingly globalized world. The current low level of economic interaction, especially in the aftermath of the economic crises experienced in each region in recent years, calls for joint actions in the economic sphere. Given the embryonic stage and limited country coverage of ongoing consultations on bilateral free trade agreements, the recently created Forum for East-Asia Latin America Cooperation (FEALAC) should address the issues of market access and bi-regional economic integration, and promote concrete integration initiatives.
Country Program Evaluation: Peru (2002-2006)
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

The analysis contained this document (RE-330) focuses on the 2002-2006 period, evaluating the most recent Country Strategy (document GN-2205-1) and supplemental documents. Its universe of projects encompasses those approved during the period under study, as well as previously approved projects that have been executed to a large extent during this period and/or are relevant within the strategy framework established by the Bank with Peru. The results of this evaluation point that the Bank's program in Peru was relevant, executing agencies were satisfied with the Bank's work, and the portfolio performed better than the Bank average, although disbursements for the newest projects have slowed down. In terms of effectiveness, once again, the results were not as positive as planned, despite a strongly performing economy. This document focuses on divergences from the objectives because of the inherent requirements of an exercise that seeks to enhance the quality of the Bank's work in the country.
Country Program Evaluation: Ecuador (2000-2006)
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

This report (RE-341) presents the Office of Evaluation and Oversight's country program evaluation (CPE) assessing the Bank's Ecuador program in 2000-2006. The present CPE takes in the Bank programming exercises charted in the country strategies for 2000-2002 (GN-2169-1) and 2004-2006 (GN-2338-1), and references the previous CPE's analysis, conclusions, and recommendations. The document is organized as follows: Chapter 1 describes the Country's backdrop; Chapter 2 evaluates programming exercises over the 2000-2006 span, and Chapter 3 the efficiency of delivery of Bank products. Development outcomes achieved in the country strategy focus and programmatic areas are discussed in Chapter 4. Chapter 5 sets out the conclusions and recommendations of this report.
Analysis of Research Department's Activities and the Work of the Bank: Economic Assessment Reports (EARs)/High Level Consultation Meetings (Encerronas)
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

The principal objective of this study is to ascertain the impact of EARs on country papers, the Bank's operations program, and the countries' adoption of RES proposals. To achieve this objective, a comparative qualitative analysis of the encerronas for the various countries was prepared, the content of the supporting EARs was reviewed, and a series of meetings was held with the main officials involved in the encerronus. To study the interaction between content and the discussion of issues at the encerronus, certain specific cross-cutting issues are for all the counties were selected on the basis of two complementary criteria: their repetition at all the encerronus and their obvious importance for establishing the countries' development strategies. The issues were: (a) privatization and infrastructure; (b) exchange policy and dollarization; and (c) decentralization. The study covers 10 countries in which encerronus were held between 1997 and August 2000, based on the documents provided by RES.
IDB Action in Highway Development
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

This study (RE-368) assesses the engagement of the Inter-American Development Bank in road infrastructure development in Latin America and the Caribbean from 1990 to 2009. It looks only at Bank support delivered for the development of intercity roads and highways, including national and departmental highways, which accounted, on average, for 79% of the Bank's transportation lending and 69% of its loan approvals over that span. The report is organized into three sections: 1) The evaluation frame of reference; 2) An examination of the main strategies and tools used to address road sector challenges; 3) An evaluation of the effectiveness of the Bank's engagement in achieving the sector objectives pursued, including case studies from 7 countries that received the majority of the IDB support: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Peru.
Quality, Equality and Equity in Colombian Education (Analysis of the SABER 2009 Test)
Authors: Moreno Martín , Duarte Jesús , Bos María Soledad
Published: March 2024

This Technical Note describes the learning inequalities faced by Colombian students and analyzes the equity in the allocation of resources among schools and their relation to learning. Using the SABER 2009database, the analysis demonstrates that there are high inequalities in students' academic results associated with their families' socioeconomic status, the type of school management, and the school's geographic zone. This relation is more important between schools than within a school, denoting a high degree of segregation of Colombian schools according to students' socioeconomic status. In terms of key school resources, there is a high inequity in their distribution with a clear disadvantage against schools with mostly poor students, as well as rural and public urban schools. This inequitable allocation of resources is associated with a greater risk of students achieving unsatisfactory SABER test results. The results of the multilevel model estimations, where the interaction between school factors and test results are jointly analyzed, indicate that better physical conditions, adequate connection to public services, a complete school day, the presence of rules in the classroom, minimal violence in schools, and greater teacher satisfaction are significantly related with higher probabilities of students achieving adequate test results. Improving these school factors, mainly among schools with poor students, has a great potential for increasing quality and equity of learning in Colombia.
Approach Paper: Review of IDB Support to Secondary Education-Quality and Learning in Latin America and the Caribbean, 1995-2011
Authors: Fryer Michelle , Poggio Virginia , Vélez-Grajales Viviana , Crespo Anna Risi Vianna , Noboa-Hidalgo Grace , Huppi Monika , Stone Leslie F. , Quijano Ursula
Published: March 2024

The main objective of this evaluation is to identify lessons from IDB's support to secondary education policies and systems in LAC since 1995, with a particular focus on quality of education and learning outcomes. The evaluation will review the IDB's dialogue with countries on educational policies; the design, execution and results of IDB-financed education operations; and the building of education-related knowledge and capacities. Findings will seek to identify factors affecting the success of interventions in different contexts, and to provide Management and client countries with specific recommendations on how the IDB could approach the sector going forward. Data sources include literature reviews and background papers, the IDB secondary education lending portfolio, country case studies, existing impact evaluations on secondary education-related topics, EDU and SCL economic and sector work reports, and key-informant interviews of stakeholders, IDB education sector specialists and other relevant IDB staff.
Approach Paper: Evaluation of Rural Land Titling and Regularization Projects
Authors: Conroy Hector , Tang Li , Ramos Johanna
Published: March 2024

The IDB has been working on land titling and regularization projects since its founding. A first set of projects was financed between 1960 and 1995. In 1995, a second set of projects began with the objective of regularizing land ownership and improving its administration. As of December 31, 2011, twenty five projects of this type have been approved throughout the region. This evaluation will analyze the implementation and results of the latter set of projects. The evaluation will assess the relevance, efficiency, effectiveness, and sustainability of project results. The in-depth analysis of a sample of nine projects in four countries will constitute the core of the evaluation, and it will have a comparative approach.
Country Program Evaluation: Haiti (2007-2011)
Authors: Gonzalez Diez Verónica M. , Corrales Maria Elena , Alvarez Lourdes , Pardo Alejandro , Almonacid Monica , Ruiz Nelson , Puerta Juan Manuel
Published: March 2024

This evaluation examines the IDB's Country Program with Haiti for the 2007-2011 period. IDB's strategic positioning in Haiti during this period was affected by the materialization of risks identified in the 2007 Country Strategy. The 2007 Country Strategy called for the continuation of support to Haiti's nascent recovery, noting political fragility, macroeconomic instability and natural disasters as the main potential risks. IDB's response to the 2010 earthquake was timely and relevant in operational and financial terms, although it lacked a clearly articulated long-term strategy. OVE concludes that the IDB's future strategy in Haiti can be more relevant and effective if it: (i) maps out a consensus-based strategy with the country that is realistic, supports rebuilding the country's institutions, and targets poverty reduction; (ii) overcomes the coordination weaknesses among donor agencies and promotes the leadership of the Government of Haiti in the coordination of development aid; (iii) builds the analysis of risks associated with institutional, economic, and environmental vulnerabilities and appropriate mitigation measures into the design of each operation; and (iv) intensifies efforts to ensure program monitoring and reporting, including improvements in the quality of information available in the country.
Ex post Evaluation of the Impact of the Environmental Mitigation Measures for the Porce II Hydroelectric Power Plant Project
Authors: Gonzalez Diez Verónica M.
Published: March 2024

This evaluation helps to address the need in literature on Environmental Impact Assessment during the monitoring of operations and ex post evaluations. It helps to develop innovative methodologies for ex post environmental assessments for both the IDB and borrowers. The evaluation uses environmental monitoring data for infrastructure projects through an analysis of indicators and their long-term trends. In general, the evaluation results indicate that the Porce II Hydroelectric project's mitigation measures were relevant for four of the environmental aspects considered, with the exception of landscape. The proposed mitigation measures were effective, on the assumption that the environmental quality of the surrounding area would have deteriorated had the project been executed without any mitigation measures. The capacity to implement and keep environmental management measures up to date is considered sustainable thanks to the institutionalization of environmental matters and technical capacity-building by the organization. The IDB also added value to the design of some environmental aspects by requiring specific studies, such as watershed management, water quality and the epidemiological surveillance system.
Country Program Evaluation: Suriname (2007-2010)
Authors: Ruprah Inder J.
Published: March 2024

This evaluation examines the IDB's Country Program with Suriname for the 2007-2010 period. During this period, Suriname has been characterized by good economic performance largely due to prudent macroeconomic and debt management coupled with a world-wide commodity boom. Nonetheless, given data paucity, it is unclear whether the recent boom was targeted enough towards poverty reduction and what progress has been made towards the Millennium Development Goals. To become a more effective development partner in Suriname, the IDB should reconsider its modus operandi by (i) increasing funding towards the Country Office and changing the skill mix of its staff in the country; (ii) placing the gathering of primary data as a central theme while facilitating the transparent dissemination of information of both data and analysis; and (iii) defining, delivering, measuring and reporting on the strategic use of its large TC portfolio. In addition, there should be a revision of the IDB's strategic niche and the corresponding operations. The increasing possibility of an intensifying "Dutch-disease-resource curse" must be considered, and the IDB should be careful in ensuring that the mapping of the proposed strategy onto proposed operations and technical assistance has high country ownership. Finally, the IDB's donor coordination agenda should be advocated more strongly.
Assessment of Transport Data Availability and Quality in Latin America
Authors: Uechi Luis , Barbero José A.
Published: March 2024

The report is part of an initiative to map the transport data currently available within selected developing countries, looking to evaluate availability and quality of transport-related data in general, and particularly for information gaps affecting estimation of Greenhouse Gas emissions. The assessment of transport data availability and quality is performed by comparing the input information needed to run a transport model that identifies the major drivers for transport activity and emissions. The database requested includes typical transport information like fleet size and composition, passenger and freight activity, and fuel consumption, as well as other types of data related to demographic, macroeconomic, trade or other variables specified by the model. The assessment was carried out in eight Latin American countries, checking the data that has been collected and reviewing gathering procedures. The results show the major data availability and quality gaps, and expose implications beyond the modeling of transport emissions: such data will provide a basis for the implementation of important transport sector policies and planning processes, affecting both the public and private sectors. The analysis has demonstrated that transportation systems in the region are relatively sophisticated, including a great diversity of modes, flows, vehicle types, fuel types, and so forth. Therefore, estimation of sector emissions is expected to be considerably data-intensive.
MIF Evaluation - Business Development Services
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

This document (MIF/GN-78-12) reports the results of OVE's evaluation to MIF's Business Development Services. From 1994 to 2002 a total of US$135 million were allocated for 100 Business Development Services (BDS) projects. Following the evaluation framework and methodology developed by OVE to carry-out the evaluation of MIF activities, the first chapter analyses the context for MIF interventions, the second chapter reviews the evolution the strategic approach pursued, and the third chapter summarizes the analysis of the projects according to the evaluative dimensions considered. In the fourth chapter, there is a review of the main strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities for the MIF derived from this evaluation.
Evaluation of the MIF Projects: Microfinance
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

This document (MIF/GN-78-3) is the outcome of an evaluation of the MIF microfinance projects, forming part of the general evaluation of the MIF activities undertaken by the Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE). In preparing this document, 24 projects have been studied in-depth and 26 evaluation fact sheets completed, out of a total 65 microfinance projects in an aggregate amount of US$86.2 million approved between 1993 and 2001. The projects include technical cooperation, loan financing, and venture capital investment either directly or through funds specially created for this purpose. The first chapter describes the general macroeconomic setting in which the region's microfinance promotion projects have unfolded. The second chapter sketches the underlying strategy in both the Bank and the MIF that led to creation of the microfinance project cluster, and the role played by the MIF in this. The third chapter discusses the results of the analysis and evaluation of the project cluster. The final chapter brings together the main conclusions of the evaluation, in terms of the evolution of the MIF microfinance interventions from 1993 to 2001.
MIF Evaluation: Human Resources and Labor Market Projects
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

This report (MIF/GN-78-8) is the result of the evaluation of MIF's human resources and labor market projects performed by OVE. Most of the challenges confronted by the projects relate to the fact that MIF was working within a context of long-standing practices contrary to the new models being introduced particular challenges such as the dominance of the public training institutes, the limited involvement of the private sector, the lack of sufficient demand-orientation and integration with job placement, and the historical weakness of the Ministries of Labor in many countries. The paper is organized as follows: Chapter One analyzes the evolution of the context of labor markets and human resources development; Chapter Two discusses the strategic objectives of the MIF; Chapter Three evaluates human resources development projects; and Chapter Four concludes.
Summary of Findings: Decentralization and Effective Citizen Participation: Six Cautionary Tales
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

This study (RE-250) reviews six case studies in Bolivia, Peru, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Nicaragua to try and determine if citizen participation processes have attained or not the benefits and results that were expected. The case studies are not aimed at discussing which is the correct methodology to promote citizen participation, but rather they have been envisaged as "cautionary tales", for program designers to have a closer approach to current situations and a broader perspective on the topic.
Ex Post Project Evaluations 2004 Annual Report
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

The Bank's Board approved a new Ex Post Policy (EPP) in October 2003, which mandated two new tasks to OVE: the review and validation of Project Completion Reports and the implementation of ex post project evaluations. The scope of this report (RE-308) is limited to the ex post project evaluation task. It's overall purpose is to present the preliminary findings from the first year's experience in implementing EPP. The preliminary findings draw upon three themes: (i) the individual projects evaluated; (ii) the systematic features of the Bank's monitoring and evaluation system; and (iii) evaluative method standards.
Health Sector Evaluation: 1995-2005
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

This report (RE-324) presents an evaluation of the conceptual and empirical basis of the key reform measures promoted by the Bank in its health sector interventions between 1995 and 2005. These measures depict the approach followed by the Bank to confront the problems of the sector. In this sense, the projects themselves, and the health sector reforms implemented by the countries during this period, are not evaluated individually or in isolation, but discussed in their relationship to such approach. Since the approach followed by the Bank through its projects were related to the pursuit of three main objectives, improvement in efficiency, quality and equity or coverage, this report assesses the likelihood in which they have contributed to the achievement of such goals.
Evaluation of the Independent Consultation and Investigation Mechanism (ICIM)
Authors: Elliott Victoria , Costas-Perez Elena , Truong Karl , Junho Pena Maria-Valeria , Partridge William L.
Published: March 2024

This evaluation of the Inter-American Development Bank's Independent Consultation and Investigation Mechanism (ICIM, more commonly known by its Spanish acronym MICI) responds to two separate mandates. First, the policy establishing MICI stipulates that "two years after the effective date of the Mechanism, the Board shall request an independent evaluation of the mechanism." The Board requested that the Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE) undertake that evaluation. Second, in the context of the evaluation of IDB's Ninth Capital Increase (IDB-9), OVE was asked to review the implementation of the IDB-9 mandates. One of these mandates pertains to the establishment and effective implementation of MICI, including its staffing and the phasing in of all operational policies contemplated in the approved ICIM policy. The evaluation suggests a complete overhaul of the Mechanism to make it truly effective.
Country Program Evaluation: Guyana (2008-2012)
Authors: Fryer Michelle , Sadeghi Patricia , Soldano Miguel , Elías Carlos , Quijano Ursula , García Salomón
Published: March 2024

The 2008-2012 Country Program Evaluation for Guyana concludes that the Bank's strategy was aligned with the development objectives and economic priorities of the government. Nevertheless, its program has produced mixed results. In infrastructure, progress was achieved by consolidating the primary road network and extending the electrical grid to unserved areas; however, efforts to reduce losses in the electricity sector did not meet their target. In competitiveness, the financial and judicial sectors benefitted from institutional and structural reforms, and the business environment was strengthened through the adoption of streamlined procedures. However, key initiatives to deepen the financial market and increase access to credit have met with less success. Gains have also been made towards the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals; however, the absence of updated data in the social sectors hinders the evaluation of results. The average age of the loan portfolio is 4.56 years, the oldest in the Bank. With the launch of the Low Carbon Development Strategy, Guyana has an opportunity to benefit from global commitments for rainforest conservation and climate change. The Bank should continue to support new initiatives that lie within the LCDS, and should work closely with Guyana to enhance its national capacity to monitor and report the results. Although Guyana has shown the greatest improvement among D-2 countries in terms of its Country Institutional and Policy Evaluation score, FSO resources available to the country under the current program were 32% less than the allocation under the previous program. The sustainability of the Bank¿s work and its relevance in Guyana could be affected by a further reduction in future FSO allocations. The CS emphasized the strengthening and use of national systems by Bank projects. Several operations use the Integrated Financial Management System for accounting, and the intention is to use this for all new Bank-funded operations. Given the findings in this CPE, OVE recommends that the Administration: (i) take advantage of the current period of stability and growth to support Guyana on its path toward becoming a green economy; (ii) seek to leverage declining FSO resources; and (iii) continue strengthening Guyana's national systems.
Crime and Violence Prevention in Latin America and the Caribbean: Evidence from IDB's Interventions
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

As part of its duties, OVE regularly conducts ex post evaluations of the activities financed by the Bank. In this case, OVE is conducting an evaluation of the first generation of citizen security projects, approved before October 2009. These projects predate the Guidelines for Program Design and Execution in the Area of Civic Coexistence and Public Safety (GN-2535). The objective of the evaluation is primarily to assess these projects' contribution to the reduction of crime and violence in the countries in which they have been operating. A secondary objective is to determine their contribution to the knowledge on what is effective for reducing crime and violence. The evaluation methodology has two elements: First, whenever feasible, statistical analyses are conducted to measure the impact of the projects. Second, evaluability analyses are used to determine the projects' ex ante degree of evaluability. These two elements are combined and complemented with a brief review of the relevant literature to place the projects in the broader context of the discipline and come to a final evaluation of their contribution.
Second Independent Evaluation: Multilateral Investment Fund
Authors: Soares Yuri , Gonzalez Diez Verónica M.
Published: March 2024

This Final Report to Donors presents the findings of the Second Independent Evaluation of the Multilateral Investment Fund (MIF) conducted by the Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE) of the Inter-American Development Bank. The first independent evaluation, produced by OVE in 2003 as Donors considered the MIF's request for a replenishment, was prepared to report to Donors on the MIF's performance during its first mandate (MIF I), and to provide lessons learned for the MIF itself. In 2007 Donors approved the replenishment for the MIF (MIF II) and, as part of the replenishment agreement, required that a similar evaluation exercise be conducted at the end of that replenishment. This evaluation, which has the same two objectives as the first, was timed so that the final results are available to inform both MIF Donors and MIF Management about the institution's performance during MIF II.
IDB-9: Financial and Risk Management
Authors: Soares Tatiana Fontes , Smith-Juvelis Alexis , Gray Cheryl , Soriano Alejandro
Published: March 2024

This paper analyzes whether the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB, or Bank) has fully and effectively implemented the IDB-9 requirements related to risk and financial management. IDB-9 included four requirements in this area: (i) adopt a rule-based Income Management Model (IMM); (ii) implement the recently introduced risk-based Capital Adequacy Policy; (iii) execute a set of agreed actions to enhance the short-term sustainability of the Fund for Special Operations (FSO); and (iv) continue strengthening the Banks Risk Management Framework. The Bank has fully implemented the IDB-9 financial and risk management actions. The highly detailed and prescriptive nature of the requirements aided implementation. In terms of effectiveness, the IMM imposes financial discipline and enhances financial selfsustainability by linking Bank expenses directly to income through loan charges. The CAP supports prudent risk management and the Banks AAA rating. The actions taken for the FSO will not be sufficient to ensure the Funds sustainability until 2020, as mandated in IDB-9, and Management is preparing to propose additional measures for the Board¿s approval. A few issues with the IMM and CAP merit further review going forward. First, the IMM is very strict, with a high administrative expense coverage rule and its inclusion of nonoperational expenses. Second, it is not clear that the reserve ratios for sovereignguaranteed (SG) and non-sovereign-guaranteed (NSG) exposure adequately reflect their relative levels of risk or lead to the most effective leveraging of scarce Bank capital. Third, the Bank¿s unused borrowing capacity rule¿though perhaps reassuring to potential investors¿is outdated and is not relevant to the maintenance of the Bank¿s AAA rating, while a criterion that rating agencies do consider relevant¿country portfolio concentration¿is not factored into the Bank¿s rules. Finally, the IDB-9 architecture is inward-looking and does not promote a focus on the Bank¿s financial competitiveness. In light of these findings, OVE suggests that the Bank (i) consider introducing greater flexibility in the IMM by setting an administrative coverage band and perhaps excluding certain nonoperational expenses; (ii) review the capital accumulation rule and the reserve ratios for SG and NSG exposures; (iii) update the Bank¿s financial rules by phasing out the borrowing authority limit; and (iv) use the financial and risk management architecture as input to strategic decision-making on the projected size of the Bank, the blend of SG and NSG lending, expected countercyclical support, the role of the FSO, and the Bank¿s approach to future capitalization.
Global Review of Economic Instruments for Solid Waste Management in Latin America and the Caribbean: Executive Summary
Authors: Hornig Constance , Cointreau Sandra
Published: March 2024

This is a summary of a report prepared for the II Meeting of the Regional Policy Dialogue on Environmental Management, to be held the 25th and 26th February 2003 in Washington D.C. The report contains an overview of the available international literature and information on the application of economic instruments in solid waste management. Examples from a wide range of high-income and developing countries are included in the report with numerous references, most of which are accessible through the internet citation provided.
Disaster Risk Management: National Systems for the Comprehensive Management of Disaster Risk and Financial Strategies for Natural Disaster Reconstruction
Authors: Freeman Paul , Martin Leslie A. , Linnerooth-Bayer Joanne , Mechler Reinhard , Pflug Georg , Warner Koko
Published: March 2024

This report was commissioned by the Natural Disasters Network of the Regional Policy Dialogue. This report constitutes Phase 2 of this project. While the first phase of the study discusses the components of a national system, the second focuses on instruments for financing reconstruction after a disaster. The research compares centralized, government-directed management systems with those that are localized and decentralized, and also analyzes the factors affecting the financial and political stability of alternative approaches. As natural disasters may result in major resource gaps for governments facing the task of financing reconstruction, the report presents case studies of four countries-Bolivia, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, and El Salvador-to highlight the various policy options. Alternative sources of ex ante funding are identified, including reserve funds, contingent credit, and insurance. These innovative methods of funding are compared with ex post funding possibilities through international aid, loan diversions and increased external debt, budget reallocations, and tax increases.
Is Gender Being Mainstreamed in Bank's Projects?
Authors: Sedlacek Guilherme Luis
Published: March 2024

In May 2010, the Bank presented a draft "Operational Policy on Gender Equality in Development" that, if approved, would replace its "Operational Policy on Women in Development" (OP-761). As stated in its draft document, the new Operational Policy intends to overcome a number of challenges that emerged under the current OP-761 Policy and demand urgent attention. One of those challenges is the limited progress made so far in evaluating the results and overall performance of its Gender Equality (GE) interventions. One of the preconditions for evaluating a project's performance is ensuring the availability of the information needed to ascertain how the intervention functioned, from its very beginning through completion. For that purpose, projects need to establish upfront their evaluation criteria, propose indicators with baseline values and define targets and milestones for them. This evaluation seeks to contribute to the enhancement of the Bank's work in the field of GE by examining the gender mainstreaming efforts of 21 projects in addressing these conditions. With that aim, it will focus on the projects' efforts to document the distribution of the benefits that they provide and the projects' effects dis-aggregated by gender.