bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Newly Crosslinked‐double Network PEDOT:PSS@PEGDMA toward Highly‐Efficient and Stable Tin‐Lead Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Kong Tengfei , Song Jing , Zhang Yang , Lim Eng Liang , Liu Xufu , Tress Wolfgang , Bi Dongqin
Published: June 2023

Until now, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrensulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is widely used in Sn–Pb perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to its many advantages, including high optical transparency, suitable conductivity, superior wettability, and so on. However, the acidic and hydroscopic properties of the PSS component, as well as the incongruous energy level of the hole transport layer (HTL), may lead to unsatisfying interface properties and decreased device performance. Herein, by adding polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) into PEDOT:PSS, a newly crosslinked‐double‐network obtain of PEDOT:PSS@PEGDMA film, which could not only optimize nucleation and crystallinity of Sn–Pb perovskite films, but also suppress defect density and optimize energy level alignment at the HTL/perovskite interface. As a result, the achieves highly efficient and stable mixed Sn–Pb PSCs with an encouraging power conversion efficiency of 20.9%. Additionally, the device can maintain good stability under N2 atmosphere.
3D Strain Measurement of Heterostructures Using the Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy Moiré Depth Sectioning Method
Authors: Wen Huihui , Zhang Hongye , Peng Runlai , Liu Chao , Liu Shuman , Liu Fengqi , Xie Huimin , Liu Zhanwei
Published: June 2023

The mechanical properties of micro‐ and nanoscale materials directly determine the reliability of heterostructures, microstructures, and microdevices. Therefore, an accurate evaluation of the 3D strain field at the nanoscale is important. In this study, a scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) moiré depth sectioning method is proposed. By optimizing the scanning parameters of electron probes at different depths of the material, the sequence STEM moiré fringes (STEM‐MFs) with a large field of view, which can be hundreds of nanometers obtained. Then, the 3D STEM moiré information constructed. To some extent, multi‐scale 3D strain field measurements from nanometer to the submicrometer scale actualized. The 3D strain field near the heterostructure interface and single dislocation accurately measured by the developed method.
Production of Ultrahigh‐Strength and High‐Ductility TWIP Steel by Precipitation of β‐Mn during Large Deformation during Warm‐Rolling
Authors: Cao Meiqing , Chen Pengtao , Xie Kun , Xia Pengcheng , Yue Lijie , Ye Bowen , Tan Yunliang
Published: June 2023

Herein, twinning‐induced plasticity (TWIP) steel having large deformation is rolled at different rolling temperatures to improve the tensile strength and retain a certain plastic deformation capacity. Based on X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope analysis, β‐Mn is found as the precipitate at the grain boundary during the warm‐rolling process (500–650 °C). To investigate the impact of β‐Mn on the tensile properties, the microstructure of the TWIP steel rolled at the temperature value of 600 °C is observed by carrying out electron backscatter diffraction and scanning electron microscope measurements. The intergranular β‐Mn phase can help the material to accumulate geometric necessary dislocation (GND) density, inhibit crack propagation, as well as improve the strength and plasticity of the material. Once TWIP steel is warm‐rolled above the temperature value of 600 °C, and serrated flow appears in the tensile process, which is also conducive to improving the material properties.
Adsorption mechanism of E‐glass fiber/Aluminum particles/MWCNT filled epoxy matrix polymer composite in electronic applications
Authors: Ramu Swaminathan , Senthilkumar Natarajan , Naveen Subbaiyan
Published: June 2023

The main objective of the research is developed toward adsorption electronic devices (Interface material) with the performance examined by the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the E‐glass fiber reinforced with the epoxy composite and particulate dispersed into the matrix in partial fulfillment of tiny amount of aluminum powder particles and MWCNT. Composite membranes with 15 wt.% E‐glass fiber and 2 wt.%, 4 wt.%, and 6 wt.% fine aluminum powder particle concentrations were partially filled with 0 wt.%, 0.5 wt.%, and 1.0 wt.% MWCNTs. Vacuum lay‐up technique is used to create the better adhesive hybrid composite, which is then assessed of the characteristics of the materials. The maximum thermal conductivity of EAEM2 (E‐Epoxy, A‐Aluminum particle, E‐E‐glass fiber, M‐MWCNT) is 0.3057 W/mK. The tensile, bending, and impact strengths of EAEM1 composites are higher than those of EAEM2 and EAEM3 (average values of EAEM1 composites: 86 MPa, 123.33 MPa, and 90.66 J/m2). However, the Shore‐D hardness of EAEM3 is 95.33. The test findings demonstrate a significant improvement in thermal properties with minimal marginal decrements in mechanical capabilities when carbon allotropes are increased. The composite system's morphology (EAEM3) demonstrates a clustered distribution of aluminum powder particles in the matrix.
Establishment the relationship between water quality parameter and micro plastic concentration for Adyar and Cooum estuary
Authors: Somasundaram Ramesh , Radhakrishnan Nagalakshmi
Published: June 2023

Increasing micro plastic concentration in the marine environment is a severe threat to the marine ecosystem and indirectly to human society depending on the marine environment. Also, the surface and subsurface water quality parameters are the indicators of the usability of the water sources for human activities. The primary source of micro plastic is the water river systems from land to sea. This study establishes a correlation between water quality parameters and micro plastic concentration to find the most suitable quality parameter for finding the micro plastic concentration in urban coastal estuaries of Chennai coast, Tamil Nadu, India. Twenty samples from Adyar and Cooum estuaries were collected, with ten each on August 2019 and August 2020. They are tested for temperature pH, EC, Turbidity, TDS, DO, BOD, COD, Salinity and micro plastic concentrations. Correlation tests such as Pearson's and Spearman's are performed based on the initial Normality and Homogeneity test. The results show that all the parameters are significantly not correlated with the Micro plastic Concentration, and Micro plastic Concentration is considered an independent factor.
Diagnostic value of radiological staging and surveillance for T1 colorectal carcinomas: A multicenter cohort study
Authors: Huisman Jelle F. , Dang Hao , Moons Leon M. G. , Backes Yara , Dik Vincent K. , Groen John N. , ter Borg Frank , van Bergeijk Jeroen D. , Geesing Joost M. J. , Spanier B. W. Marcel , Terhaar Sive Droste Joachim S. , Overwater Anouk , van Lelyveld Niels , Kessels Koen , Lacle Miangela M. , Offerhaus G. Johan A. , Brohet Richard M. , Knijn Nikki , Vleggaar Frank P. , van Westreenen Henderik L. , de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel Wouter H. , Boonstra Jurjen J. ,   Dutch T1 CRC working group
Published: June 2023

Background

The role of radiological staging and surveillance imaging is under debate for T1 colorectal cancer (CRC) as the risk of distant metastases is low and imaging may lead to the detection of incidental findings.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield of radiological staging and surveillance imaging for T1 CRC.

Methods

In this retrospective multicenter cohort study, all patients of 10 Dutch hospitals with histologically proven T1 CRC who underwent radiological staging in the period 2000–2014 were included. Clinical characteristics, pathological, endoscopic, surgical and imaging reports at baseline and during follow‐up were recorded and analyzed. Patients were classified as high‐risk T1 CRC if at least one of the histological risk factors (lymphovascular invasion, poor tumor differentiation, deep submucosal invasion or positive resection margins) was present and as low‐risk when all risk factors were absent.

Results

Of the 628 included patients, 3 (0.5%) had synchronous distant metastases, 13 (2.1%) malignant incidental findings and 129 (20.5%) benign incidental findings at baseline staging. Radiological surveillance was performed among 336 (53.5%) patients. The 5‐year cumulative incidence of distant recurrence, malignant and benign incidental findings were 2.4% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1%–5.4%), 2.5% (95% CI: 0.6%–10.4%) and 18.3% (95% CI: 13.4%–24.7%), respectively. No distant metastatic events occurred among low‐risk T1 CRC patients.

Conclusion

The risk of synchronous distant metastases and distant recurrence in T1 CRC is low, while there is a substantial risk of detecting incidental findings. Radiological staging seems unnecessary prior to local excision of suspected T1 CRC and after local excision of low‐risk T1 CRC. Radiological surveillance should not be performed in patients with low‐risk T1 CRC.
“Please, Touch the Exhibits”: 3D Archaeology for Experiential Spatialisation
Authors: Bozia Eleni
Published: June 2023

Recent advances in image capturing and 3D scanning technologies along with their significant reduction in production costs have brought to the general public handheld devices equipped with several useful sensors and data collection instruments. This chapter discusses the mission of digitization projects and particularly the Digital Epigraphy and Archaeology Project (DEA) (www.digitalepigraphy.org) and its collection of 3D digitized material and applications of virtual and augmented reality alongside the Foucauldian notion of heterotopia and heterochrony. It argues that digital archaeology affords the users a transcendent understanding of the ancient and the modern world, as it enables them to move beyond themselves through virtuality while extending their perception via augmented reality and advanced physicality. Ultimately, the goal of the chapter is to contextualize epigraphy and archaeology within the concept of spatialization and open a discussion of the possibilities for “physical contact,” reappreciation of the concept of physicality, and study of digital artifacts.
Introduction
Authors: Hirschfeld Katherine , de Beurs Kirsten , Brayfield Brad , Melkonyan-Gottschalk Ani
Published: June 2023

This chapter provides an overview of the Karabakh conflict and describes its importance for understanding population health crises that emerge from “New Wars.” The most intense phase of fighting in Karabakh coincided with the region’s first epidemic ofPlasmodium vivaxmalaria since the 1950s. While the malaria epidemic was documented in public health scholarship, the chaotic environment of the conflict meant that very little investigation was done into the re-emergence of this ancestral vector borne disease after decades of successful control. This chapter includes a discussion of the usefulness of combining qualitative historical work with remote sensing data to reconstruct the social and environmental changes that took place in and around the conflict zone. We also discuss the significance of the work and the need for updated models to explain the growing prevalence of “New Wars” and their relationship to global health risks.
Grundlagen der SEPA-Echtzeitüberweisung
Authors: Rakers Marius
Published: June 2023

Ein umfassendes Verständnis der rechtlichen Herausforderungen setzt die Kenntnis vom tatsächlichen Ablauf einer SEPA-Echtzeitüberweisung voraus. Er lässt sich in sechs Abschnitte unterteilen: die Initiierungsphase, die Verarbeitungs- und Signierungsphase im Deckungsverhältnis, die Weiterleitungsphase in der Zahlungskette, die Verarbeitungs- und Gutschriftphase im Inkassoverhältnis und die Benachrichtigungsphase und Clearingphase.
Introduction
Authors: Chen Jianhang , Li Yongliang , Zhang Junwen
Published: June 2023

Mining engineering plays a significant role in the current society. It provides the energy resources including coal and hard rocks to guarantee the normal operation of the society. Therefore, not only developed countries but also developing countries still pay much attention to their mining industry.
Analysis on the Shear Stress Propagation Mechanism in the Rock Reinforcement System
Authors: Chen Jianhang , Li Yongliang , Zhang Junwen
Published: June 2023

In rock mechanics, failure of rock masses is commonly encountered.
Studying the Bond Performance of Fully Grouted Rock Bolts Based on the Variable Controlling
Authors: Chen Jianhang , Li Yongliang , Zhang Junwen
Published: June 2023

Fully grouted rock bolting is commonly used in roadway reinforcement in mining and tunnelling reinforcement.
The $${{\,\mathrm{\mathcal {X}}\,}}$$-series of a p-group and Complements of Abelian Subgroups
Authors: Aivazidis Stefanos , Loukaki Maria
Published: June 2023

LetGbe a finitep-group. We denote by$${{\,\mathrm{\mathcal {X}}\,}}_i(G)$$Xi(G)the intersection of all subgroups ofGhaving index$$p^i$$piinG. In this paper, the newly introduced series$$\{{{\,\mathrm{\mathcal {X}}\,}}_i(G)\}_i$${Xi(G)}iis investigated and a number of results concerning its behaviour are proved. As an application of these results, we show that if an abelian subgroupAofGintersects each one of the subgroups$${{\,\mathrm{\mathcal {X}}\,}}_i(G)$$Xi(G)at$${{\,\mathrm{\mathcal {X}}\,}}_i(A)$$Xi(A), thenAhas a complement inG. Conversely if an arbitrary subgroupHofGhas a normal complement, then$${{\,\mathrm{\mathcal {X}}\,}}_i(H) = {{\,\mathrm{\mathcal {X}}\,}}_i(G) \cap H$$Xi(H)=Xi(G)∩H.
Breast cancer screening participation in women using mental health services in NSW, Australia: a population study
Authors: Lambeth Chris , Burgess Philip , Curtis Jackie , Currow David , Sara Grant
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Population screening programs have contributed to reduced breast cancer mortality, but disadvantaged or vulnerable groups may not have shared these improvements. In North American and European studies, women living with mental health conditions have reduced breast screening rates. There are no current Australasian data to support health system planning and improvement strategies.

Methods

The New South Wales (NSW) BreastScreen program offers free screening to NSW women aged 50–74. We compared 2-year breast screening rates for mental health service users (n = 33,951) and other NSW women (n = 1,051,495) in this target age range, after standardisation for age, socioeconomic status and region of residence. Mental health service contacts were identified through linkage to hospital and community mental health data.

Results

Only 30.3% of mental health service users participated in breast screening, compared with 52.7% of other NSW women (crude incidence rate ratio 0.57, 95% CI 0.56–0.59). Standardisation for age, socioeconomic disadvantage or rural residence did not alter this screening gap. Around 7000 fewer women received screening than would be expected from comparable population rates. Screening gaps were largest in women over 60 and in socioeconomically advantaged areas. Women with severe or persistent mental illness had slightly higher screening rates than other mental health service users.

Conclusions

Low breast cancer screening participation rates for NSW mental health service users suggest significant risk of later detection, possibly leading to more extensive treatment and premature mortality. Focussed strategies are needed to support greater breast screening participation for NSW women who use mental health services.
The fixed point and the Craig interpolation properties for sublogics of $$\textbf{IL}$$
Authors: Iwata Sohei , Kurahashi Taishi , Okawa Yuya
Published: June 2023

We study the fixed point property and the Craig interpolation property for sublogics of the interpretability logic $$\textbf{IL}$$
IL
. We provide a complete description of these sublogics concerning the uniqueness of fixed points, the fixed point property and the Craig interpolation property.
High survival rate after the combination of intrameniscal and intraarticular infiltrations of platelet‐rich plasma as conservative treatment for meniscal lesions
Authors: Sánchez Mikel , Jorquera Cristina , Bilbao Ane Miren , García Saínza , Beitia Maider , Espregueira‐Mendes João , González Sergio , Oraa Jaime , Guadilla Jorge , Delgado Diego
Published: June 2023

Purpose

To evaluate the efficacy of applying a combination of intrameniscal and intraarticular infiltrations of Platelet‐Rich Plasma (PRP) in patients with meniscal tears, analyzing its failure rate and clinical evolution, as well as factors that may influence the positive response to this treatment.

Methods

Three hundred and ninety‐two cases out of 696 met the inclusion criteria and were included in this work. Survival and patient‐reported outcome measure (PROM) were collected and analyzed. Survival rate was defined as the percentage of patients who did not undergo meniscus surgery during their follow‐up time. Patients were asked to complete the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) at baseline, 6 months and 18 months. Other patient‐ and pathology‐related variables were collected. Blood and PRP samples were randomly tested as a quality control measure. Survival and comparative statistical tests, and multivariate regression were performed for the analysis of the variables.

Results

The PRP applied had a platelet concentration factor of 1.9X in respect to blood levels, with no leukocytes or erythrocytes. Thirty‐eight patients required surgical intervention after treatment reaching a survival rate of 90.3% with an estimated mean survival time of 54.4 months. The type of injury (P = 0.002) and the presence of chondropathy were risk factors for surgical intervention after PRP treatment (P = 0.043). All KOOS scores showed a significant statistical increase from baseline to 6 months (N = 93) and 18 months (N = 66) (P < 0.0001). The number of cases with minimal clinically important improvement (MCII) at 6 months and 18 months post‐treatment was 65 (69.9%) and 43 (65.2%), respectively.

Conclusion

The combination of intrameniscal and intraarticular PRP infiltrations is a valid conservative treatment for meniscal injuries avoiding the need for surgical intervention. Its efficacy is higher in horizontal tears and decreases when joint degeneration is present.

Level of evidence

Level IV.
(Smoldering) multiple myeloma: mismatch between tumor load estimated from bone marrow biopsy at iliac crest and tumor load shown by MRI
Authors: Bauer Fabian , Sauer Sandra , Weinhold Niels , Delorme Stefan , Wennmann Markus
Published: June 2023

In multiple myeloma and its precursor stages, precise quantification of tumor load is of high importance for diagnosis, risk assessment, and therapy response evaluation. Both whole-body MRI, which allows to investigate the complete bone marrow of a patient, and bone marrow biopsy, which is commonly used to assess the histologic and genetic status, are relevant methods for tumor load assessment in multiple myeloma. We report on a series of striking mismatches between the plasma cell infiltration estimating the tumor load from unguided biopsies of the bone marrow at the posterior iliac crest and the tumor load assessment from whole-body MRI.
Reply: Comment on BIA-ALCL: Comparing the Risk Profiles of Smooth and Textured Breast Implants
Authors: Swanson Eric
Published: June 2023

Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Real-world effectiveness of ixazomib combined with lenalidomide and dexamethasone in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: the REMIX study
Authors: Macro M. , Hulin C. , Vincent L. , Charvet-Rumpler A. , Benboubker L. , Calmettes C. , Stoppa A.-M. , Laribi K. , Clement-Filliatre L. , Zerazhi H. , Honeyman F. , Richez V. , Maloisel F. , Karlin L. , Barrak J. , Chouaid C. , Leleu X.
Published: June 2023

Ixazomib (IXA) is an oral proteasome inhibitor (PI) used in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone (IXA-Rd) for patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). The REMIX study is one of the largest prospective, real-world analysis of the effectiveness of IXA-Rd in the setting of RRMM. Conducted in France between August 2017 and October 2019, the REMIX study, a non-interventional prospective study, included 376 patients receiving IXA-Rd in second line or later and followed for at least 24 months. Primary endpoint was the median progression-free survival (mPFS). Median age was 71 years (Q1-Q3 65.0 – 77.5) with 18.4% of participants older than 80 years. IXA-Rd was initiated in L2, L3 and L4 + for 60.4%, 18.1% and 21.5%, respectively. mPFS was 19.1 months (95% CI [15.9, 21.5]) and overall response rate (ORR) was 73.1%. mPFS was 21.5, 21.9 and 5.8 months in patients receiving IXA-Rd as L2, L3, L4 + respectively. Among patients receiving IXA-Rd in L2 and L3, mPFS was similar for patients previously exposed to lenalidomide (19.5 months) than for those lenalidomide naive (not exposed, 22.6 months, p = 0.29). mPFS was 19.1 months in patients younger than 80 years and 17.4 months in those 80 years or older (p = 0.06) with similar ORR (72.4% and 76.8%) in both subgroups. Adverse events (AEs) were reported in 78.2% of patients including 40.7% of treatment-related AE. IXA discontinuation was due to toxicity in 21% of patients. To conclude, the results of the REMIX study are consistent with the results of Tourmaline-MM1 and confirm the benefit of IXA-Rd combination in real life. It shows the interest of IXA-Rd in an older and frailer population, with an acceptable effectiveness and tolerance.
Classification of edge-transitive Nest graphs
Authors: Kovács István
Published: June 2023

A finite simple graph $$\Gamma $$
Γ
is called a Nest graph if it is regular of valency 6 and admits an automorphism with two orbits of the same length such that at least one of the subgraphs induced by these orbits is a cycle. In this paper, we complete classification of the edge-transitive Nest graphs and by this solve the problem posed by Jajcay et al. (Electron J Comb 26:#P2.6, 2019).
Associations of preoperative anemia and postoperative hemoglobin values with hospital costs in total knee arthroplasty (TKA)
Authors: Schatz Caroline , Plötz Werner , Beckmann Johannes , Bredow Katharina , Leidl Reiner , Buschner Peter
Published: June 2023

Background

Total knee arthroplasty are among the most frequently conducted surgeries, due to an aging society. Since hospital costs are subsequently rising, adequate preparation of patients and reimbursement becomes more and more important. Recent literature revealed anemia as a risk factor for enhanced length of stay (LOS) and complications. This study analyzed whether preoperative hemoglobin (Hb) and postoperative Hb were associated with total hospital costs and general ward costs.

Methods

The study comprised 367 patients from a single high-volume hospital in Germany. Hospital costs were calculated with standardized cost accounting methods. Generalized linear models were applied to account for confounders, such as age, comorbidities, body mass index, insurance status, health-related quality of life, implant types, incision-suture-time and tranexamic acid.

Results

Preoperative anemic women had 426 Euros higher general ward costs (p < 0.01), due to increased LOS. For men, 1 g/dl less Hb loss between the preoperative value and the value before discharge reduced total costs by 292 Euros (p < 0.001) and 161 Euros fewer general ward costs (p < 0.001). Total hospital costs were reduced by 144 Euros with 1 g/dl higher Hb on day 2 postoperatively for women (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Preoperative anemia was associated with increased general ward costs for women and Hb loss with decreasing total hospital costs for men and women. Cost containment, especially reduced utilization of the general ward, may be feasible with the correction of anemia for women. Postoperative Hb values may be a factor for adjustments of reimbursement systems.

Level of evidence

Retrospective cohort study, III.
Pupillometry in the follow-up of patients undergoing EVT - prediction of space-occupying hemispheric infarction
Authors: Kossel Clara-Sophie , Kobus Franca , Borutta Matthias C. , Kärtner Maximilian , Kuramatsu Joji B. , Engelhorn Tobias , Schwab Stefan , Koehn Julia
Published: June 2023

Background

Despite benefits of endovascular treatment (EVT) for large vessel occlusion (LVO) ischemic stroke, space-occupying brain edema (BE) represents a detrimental complication. In critical-care settings, CT-imaging is needed for monitoring these patients. Yet, bed-side techniques with the potential to predict whether patients develop BE or not would facilitate a time- and cost-efficient patient care. We assessed clinical significance of automated pupillometry in the follow-up of patients undergoing EVT.

Methods

From 10/2018 to 10/2021, neurocritical-care-unit patients were retrospectively enrolled after EVT of anterior circulation LVO. We monitored parameters of pupillary reactivity [light-reflex-latency (Lat), constriction- and redilation-velocities (CV, DV), percentage-change-of-apertures (per-change); NeurOptics-pupilometer®] up to every hour on day 1–3 of ICU stay. BE was defined as midline shift ≥ 5 mm on follow-up imaging 3–5 days after EVT. We calculated mean values of intra-individual differences between successive pairs of parameters (mean-deltas), determined best discriminative cut-off values for BE development (ROC-analyses), and evaluated prognostic performance of pupillometry for BE development (sensitivity/specificity/positive-/negative-predictive-values).

Results

3241 pupillary assessments of 122 patients [67 women, 73 years (61.0–85.0)] were included. 13/122 patients developed BE. Patients with BE had significantly lower CVs, DVs, and smaller per-changes than patients without BE. On day 1 after EVT mean-deltas of CV, DV, and per-changes were significantly lower in patients with than without BE. Positive-predictive-values of calculated thresholds to discriminate both groups were considerably low, yet, we found high negative-predictive-values for CV, DV, per-changes, and mean-deltas (max.: 98.4%).

Conclusion

Our data suggest associations between noninvasively detected changes in pupillary reactivity and BE early after LVO-EVT. Pupillometry may identify patients who are unlikely to develop BE and may not need repetitive follow-up-imaging or rescue-therapy.
Characteristics of baseline frequency data in spinal RCTs do not suggest widespread non-random allocation
Authors: Levayer Manon Malia Sydney , Chew Gem Rui Ping , Sheldrick Kyle Alexander , Diwan Ashish Dhar
Published: June 2023

Background

Recent signs of fraudulent behaviour in spine RCTs have queried the integrity of trials in the field. RCTs are particularly important due to the weight they are accorded in guiding treatment decisions, and thus, ensuring RCTs’ reliability is crucial. This study investigates the presence of non-random baseline frequency data in purported RCTs published in spine journals.

Methods

A PubMed search was performed to obtain all RCTs published in four spine journals (Spine, The Spine Journal, the Journal of Neurosurgery Spine, and European Spine Journal) between Jan-2016 and Dec-2020. Baseline frequency data were extracted, and variable-wise p values were calculated using the Pearson Chi-squared test. These p values were combined for each study into study-wise p values using the Stouffer method. Studies with p values below 0.01 and 0.05 and those above 0.95 and 0.99 were reviewed. Results were compared to Carlisle’s 2017 survey of anaesthesia and critical care medicine RCTs.

Results

One hundred sixty-seven of the 228 studies identified were included. Study-wise p values were largely consistent with expected genuine randomized experiments. Slightly more study-wise p values above 0.99 were observed than expected, but a number of these had good explanations to account for that excess. The distribution of observed study-wise p values was more closely matched to the expected distribution than those in a similar survey of the anaesthesia and critical care medicine literature.

Conclusion

The data surveyed do not show evidence of systemic fraudulent behaviour. Spine RCTs in major spine journals were found to be consistent with genuine random allocation and experimentally derived data.
Clinimetrics of the Italian version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in adult-onset idiopathic focal dystonia
Authors: D’Iorio Alfonsina , Aiello Edoardo Nicolò , Trinchillo Assunta , Silani Vincenzo , Ticozzi Nicola , Ciammola Andrea , Poletti Barbara , Esposito Marcello , Santangelo Gabriella
Published: June 2023

This study aimed at assessing the clinimetrics of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in an Italian cohort of patients with adult-onset idiopathic focal dystonia (AOIFD). N = 86 AOIFD patients and N = 92 healthy controls (HCs) were administered the MoCA. Patients further underwent the Trail-Making Test (TMT) and Babcock Memory Test (BMT), being also screened via the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and the Dimensional Apathy Scale (DAS). Factorial structure and internal consistency were assessed. Construct validity was tested against TMT, BMT, BDI-II and DAS scores, whilst diagnostics against the co-occurrence of a defective performance on at least one TMT measure and on the BMT. Case–control discrimination was examined. The association between MoCA scores and motor-functional measures was explored. The MoCA was underpinned by a mono-component structure and acceptably reliable at an internal level. It converged towards TMT and BMT scores, as well as with the DAS, whilst diverging from the BDI-II. Its adjusted scores accurately detected cognitive impairment (AUC = .86) at a cut-off of < 17.212. The MoCA discriminated patients from HCs (p < .001). Finally, it was unrelated to disease duration and severity, as well as to motor phenotypes. The Italian MoCA is a valid, diagnostically sound and feasible cognitive screener in AOIFD patients.
Drug-related catatonia in youths: real-world insights from the WHO Safety Database
Authors: Merino Diane , Gérard Alexandre O. , Lavrut Thibaud , Askenazy Florence , Thümmler Susanne , Montastruc François , Drici Milou-Daniel
Published: June 2023

Catatonia is characterized by psychomotor alterations and reduced contact with the environment. Initially linked to schizophrenia, it also occurs in mood disorders or organic conditions. In children, catatonia remains poorly delineated, despite dramatically increasing the risk of premature death. As data on pediatric drug-induced catatonia bears many uncertainties, we aimed to characterize its age-dependent patterns, using real-world data from the WHO safety database (VigiBase®).VigiBase® was queried for all reports of catatonia registered up to December 8th 2022. Reports involving patients <18 years were classified into 3 groups: ≤23 months, 2–11 years, and 12–17 years. Disproportionality analyses relied on the Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR), and the positivity of the lower end of the 95% confidence interval of the Information Component (IC) was required to suspect a signal. Catatonia was evoked in 421 pediatric reports. In infants, vaccines were leading. In children, the main signals involved haloperidol (ROR 104.3; 95% CI 45.6–238.5), ondansetron (ROR 40.5; 95% CI 16.5–99.5), and ciclosporin (ROR 27.4; 95% CI 13.8–54.1). In adolescents, chlorpromazine (ROR 199.1; 95% CI 134.8–294.1), benzatropine (ROR 193; 95% CI 104.1–361.6), and olanzapine (ROR 135.7; 95% CI 104.6–175.9) reached the highest RORs. In infants, catatonia was related to vaccines, it was ascribed to multiple drugs in children, and mainly to psychotropic drugs in adolescents. Less suspected drugs, such as ondansetron, were highlighted. Despite limitations inherent in spontaneous reporting systems, this study supports that a careful anamnesis is warranted to separate catatonia associated with medical conditions from drug-induced catatonia in pediatric patients.
Effects of macro-scale heterogeneity on the kinetic interface-sensitive tracer test for measuring the fluid–fluid interfacial area in dynamic two-phase flow in porous media
Authors: Tatomir A. , Gao H. , Abdullah H. , Sauter M.
Published: June 2023

A novel reactive smart tracer method, termed the kinetic interface-sensitive (KIS) tracer test, has been demonstrated in laboratory column experiments to enable measurement of the specific capillary-associated fluid–fluid interfacial area in dynamic two-phase flow displacement processes in porous media. Development of the tracer method towards effective application in real field conditions requires investigation of the influence of the porous media heterogeneity on the front size and the specific interfacial area, and, consequently, in how far a kinetic interface-sensitive tracer experiment, and the corresponding breakthrough curves, are affected. This study employs a two-dimensional Darcy-scale two-phase flow reactive transport model to investigate numerically the KIS tracer transport in heterogeneous porous media. Simulations were carried out for the primary drainage process in a domain formed of fine and coarse porous media. Various heterogeneity patterns, having different numbers of inclusions and different geometrical distributions, were studied. It is shown that the shape of the breakthrough curves can be used as an indicator for quantifying the displacement front roughness, the specific interfacial area in the domain, and the domain heterogeneity, e.g., the existence of preferential flow pathways inside the porous media. The results indicate that when the displacement front roughness is small, the concentration breakthrough curves exhibit a linear increase. The slopes of the breakthrough curves linearly depend on the fraction of the bulk volume occupied by the low-permeability sand inclusions. The volume-averaged specific interfacial area and the size of the transition zone can be determined from the slopes of the breakthrough curves.
Freshwater mussel meal as new alternative ingredient for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) feeds: growth performance and histomorphological analyses
Authors: Sicuro B. , Castelar B. , Bergamino C. , Mioletti S. , Squadrone S. , Griglione A. , Falzone M. , Colombino E. , Capucchio M. T.
Published: June 2023

Alternative raw materials unsuitable for human consumption might represent a great interest in animal nutrition. Freshwater bivalves represent an unexploited potential feed resource. The effects of freshwater mussel Sinanodonta woodiana meal on growth performance, histomorphology, and morphometric characteristics of the digestive system of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were evaluated. A total of 540 rainbow trout juveniles were fed with three experimental diets consisting of fish meal (FM), fish by-product meal (FPM), and freshwater mussel meal (MM). After 90 days, the fish tripled their initial weight, despite fish fed with MM showed lower weight gain, specific growth rates, and higher feed conversion ratio than those fed with control diets. It has been estimated that the total production period of fish fed with the MM diet was 12–14 days longer than fish fed with FPM and FM, respectively, due to lower growth rates. Histological and morphometrical analyses did not reveal any diet influence on the severity of the observed lesions both in the gut and liver. No negative effects were observed with the inclusion of the MM; therefore, the use of this ingredient could be considered for rainbow trout feeding.
Leading the digitalisation process in K–12 schools – The school leaders’ perspective
Authors: Reis-Andersson Jussara
Published: June 2023

Digital technologies have increased worldwide in the last years. In addition, the pandemic has strengthened digital technologies’ roles in education, requiring twenty-first-century skills, such as digital competence, and indicating a new normal. Digitalisation in education creates opportunities that could lead to positive effects if digital technologies are applied correctly. However, applying digital technologies can incorrectly trigger a negative development – for example, increasing workload due to nonfriendly user interfaces in software and reducing the motivation to apply digital technologies in education due to a lack of digital competence. Teachers require access to digital technologies and digital competence related to educational issues that influence equality within and among K–12 schools, thus making school leaders’ roles crucial in digitalising education. Three group interviews and a survey were used to collect the data in a network of three municipalities in Sweden. The data have been categorised and analysed with thematic analysis. The results show that school leaders describe the digitalisation process in the form of digital competence for teachers, access to hardware and software, and a shared culture. School leaders explain that clear guidelines, collaboration between teachers, and enough time enable digitalisation in education. However, the lack of support and the lack of resources constrain digitalisation in education. At the same time, school leaders do not often discuss their own digital competence. The school leaders’ roles in the digitalisation of K–12 schools are important, requiring digital competence for leading the digitalisation process.
The Behavior of Passive Fire Protection Materials Used for Fire Protection of Steel Structures in Standard, Hydrocarbon, and Jet Fire Exposure
Authors: Garg Kapil , Singh Suvir , Rokade Mahadev , Singh Shubham
Published: June 2023

Structural steel, when exposed to fire, loses its tensile strength and ability to resist deformation. Both organic and inorganic material-based passive fire protection systems, are being traditionally used to protect steel structures in such scenarios. This study focused on comparing the performance of the same organic and inorganic coatings in standard fire, hydrocarbon fire, and jet fire conditions. Standard, hydrocarbon fire, and jet fire experiments were carried out in full-scale fire resistance furnaces as per ASTM E-119, UL 1709, and ISO 22899-1 respectively. From the results, it was observed that both organic and inorganic materials tend to underperform in jet fire scenarios, when compared with standard and hydrocarbon fire due to the impingement/turbulence effect and the thermo-mechanical effect caused by the velocity of the gas.
Right-angled Coxeter groups with totally disconnected Morse boundaries
Authors: Karrer Annette
Published: June 2023

This paper introduces a new class of right-angled Coxeter groups with totally disconnected Morse boundaries. We construct this class recursively by examining how the Morse boundary of a right-angled Coxeter group changes if we glue a graph to its defining graph. More generally, we present a method to construct amalgamated free products of CAT(0) groups with totally disconnected Morse boundaries that act geometrically on CAT(0) spaces that have a treelike block decomposition. We deduce a new proof for the result of Charney-Cordes-Sisto (Complete topological descriptions of certain Morse boundaries, Groups Geom. Dyn. 17(1),157–184 (2023)) that every right-angled Artin group has totally disconnected Morse boundary, and discuss concrete examples of surface amalgams studied by Ben-Zvi (Boundaries of groups with isolated flats are path connected. arXiv:1909.12360, 2019).
Conspiracy Narratives as a Type of Social Myth
Authors: Chlup Radek
Published: June 2023

It has long been recognized that conspiracy narratives may be seen as a special kind of myth. In most cases, however, this is taken as a sign of their irrational and unsubstantiated nature. I argue that mythical modes of reasoning are actually far more pervasive in modern political and cultural discourse than we commonly admit and that the difference between mainstream discourse and conspiracy narratives is not one between “rational” and “mythical” thought but rather one between different types of mythical thinking. The specific nature of conspiracy myths is best understood in relation to two other types of social myths: political myths and fictional myths. Conspiracy myths are a hybrid of these two genres: like fictional myths, they make use of imaginative elements, but like political myths, they are understood as having a relatively straightforward relation to reality and not just a metaphorical one. They are essentially anti-systemic, and their chief ethos is that of distrust. Nevertheless, the degree to which they reject the system varies, and it is thus useful to distinguish between weaker and stronger conspiracy myths. While the latter reject the system altogether and are incompatible with political myths, the former are capable of co-operating with them.
Temporal lobe evolution in extant and extinct Cercopithecoidea
Authors: Pearson Alannah , Polly P. David
Published: June 2023

Changes to the environmental landscapes from the Eocene to Holocene have influenced the evolution of Cercopithecoidea from arboreal origins in wet, forested regions in the Early Oligocene Fayum to semi-terrestrial lifestyles in drier Neogene landscapes and social systems of larger group living. These eco-behavioural transitions likely accompanied changes in behaviour, brain function, and associated skull morphology. The temporal lobe of the brain, an association cortex, is in close proximity to the middle cranial fossa (MCF) allowing prediction of temporal lobe volume (TLV) and investigation of cerebral reorganisation. We used micro-computed tomography (µCT) cranial scans (n = 135) generated into 3D virtual crania with seven MCF metrics predicting TLV from a multiple regression of 11 extant anthropoid taxa. We studied eight extinct taxa Proteopithecus sylviae and Catopithecus browni from the Late Eocene, Early Oligocene Apidium phiomense, Parapithecus grangeri and Aegyptopithecus zeuxis, Middle Miocene Victoriapithecus macinnesi, Pliocene Dinopithecus ingens, Pleistocene Papio angusticeps, and extant cercopithecines Cercocebus atys, Macaca mulatta and Papio anubis. PGLS regressions examined relative TLV to brain size between extinct and extant taxa. We tested differences in slopes and intercepts between extinct and extant cercopithecoids with statistically significant differences in slopes but not the intercepts, with stem-anthropoids having relative smaller TLV for brain size compared to extant cercopithecoids. Potential drivers for temporal lobe evolution include paleoenvironmental shifts from Eocene tropical rainforests to Plio-Pleistocene savannas. Socio-behavioural implications include change from arboreal to semi-terrestrial lifestyles, higher visual acuity, larger group sizes and greater cognitive complexity.
Conversations with God: How Are Religion and Spirituality Used to Make Sense of Forgiveness?
Authors: Haikola Anne
Published: June 2023

Forgiveness has a connection to religion and spirituality. Yet, little is known about how religious and spiritual people actually forgive. The present study investigated how religion and spirituality are used to make sense of forgiveness. The narratives of seven interviewees were chosen for close analysis of their experiences of forgiveness. McAdams’s life story interview method and narrative analysis were applied. Five themes were formulated: (1) forgiveness as Christian duty, (2) forgiveness as God’s miracle, (3) forgiveness through praying, (4) forgiveness through God’s sacrifice, and (5) forgiveness as God’s mercy. The findings indicate that God was important to the interviewees and supported their forgiveness process. Subthemes of revenge and justice suggest that sometimes forgiveness and revenge motives may be intertwined. Forgiveness was a divine process for the participants, and some felt that they would not have been able to forgive without God. Attributing forgiveness to God may serve the forgiveness process.
Field path optimization to reduce headland and turning maneuvers at regional scales: automated detection of cultivation direction in the state of Brandenburg, Germany
Authors: Donat Marco , Geistert Jonas , Grahmann Kathrin , Bellingrath-Kimura Sonoko D.
Published: June 2023

Path planning for optimized field-work pattern is an important task within precision farming. The decision on a particular direction and path to cultivate and manage the field is complex and can significantly affect working time, energy consumption, soil compaction and yield. This study proposed a new method for automated detection of the current cultivation direction of several thousands of agricultural fields and compared the current cultivation direction with an optimized cultivation direction generated from a path planning algorithm. Airborne imagery from 2019 was analyzed using a modified Gabor filter. The identification takes place on a sub-plot level and can therefore detect small-scale differences in cultivation direction within fields. The method for identification of current cultivation direction had a high success rate of 87.5%. Fields with a high potential to save turning maneuvers and to reduce the area of headland were identified. From 3410 fields, a total of 58162 turning maneuvers and 507 ha headland were saved. This corresponds to 14.1% of all turning maneuvers and 7.6% of the total headland area for all analyzed fields in Brandenburg. A high optimization potential was demonstrated for field paths when efficient processing directions are taken into account. The method can be extended to the analysis of satellite imagery and thus offers the possibility of identifying current cultivation directions with a high spatial and temporal resolution. In future, this knowledge can be embedded within decision support systems for real-time optimization of field machinery path planning to support sustainable cropping practices.
Harnessing data science to improve molecular structure elucidation from tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Harris E. , Gasser Lilian , Volpi M. , Perez-Cruz F. , Bjelić Saša , Obozinski G.
Published: June 2023

Compound structural identification for non-targeted screening of organic molecules in complex mixtures is commonly carried out using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS/MS and related techniques). Instrumental developments in recent years have increased the quality and quantity of data available; however, using current data analysis methods, structures can be assigned to only a small fraction of compounds present in typical mixtures. We present a new data analysis pipeline, “MSEI”, that harnesses data science methodologies to improve structural identification capabilities from tandem mass spectrometry data. In particular, feature vectors for fingerprint calculation are found directly from tandem mass spectra, strongly reducing computational costs, and fingerprint comparison uses an optimised methodology accounting for uncertainty to improve distinction between matching and non-matching compounds. MSEI builds on the identification of a small number of compounds through current state-of-the-art data analysis on UHPLC-HRMS/MS measurements and uses targeted training and tailored molecular fingerprints to focus identification to a particular molecular space of interest. Initial compound identifications are used as training data for a set of random forests which directly predict a custom 75-digit molecular fingerprint from a vectorised MS/MS spectrum. Kendrick mass defects (KMDs) for peaks as well as “lost” fragments removed during fragmentation were found to be useful information for fingerprint prediction. Fingerprints are then compared to potential matches from the PubChem structural database using Euclidean distance, with fingerprint digit weights determined using an SVM to maximise distance between matching and non-matching compounds. Potential matches are additionally filtered for hydrophobicity based on measured retention time, using a newly developed machine learning method for retention time prediction. MSEI was able to correctly assign > 50% of structures in a test dataset and showed > 10% better performance than current state-of-the-art methods, while using an order of magnitude less computational power and a fraction of the training data.