bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Female Primary School Teachers' Participation in Informal Financial Groups and its Implications for Teaching Performance
Authors: Juma Madina Hamisi , Mpuya Grace , Churk Josephine
Published: January 2025

Teachers are reported to be constrained by financial problems like low salaries, which may negatively affect their teaching performance. Informal financial groups (IFGs) emerged as financial intermediaries, like teachers, to help individuals with financial issues. However, informal financial groups reported being connected to many challenges, including stress and conflicts, thus negatively affecting teaching performance. The proposed research aimed at understanding the implications of informal financial group participation on the teaching performance of female primary school teachers in Dodoma City, Tanzania. The study focused on a population of 63 female primary school teachers, with data collected from 34 respondents through surveys and interviews. Data analysis was employed and analyzed using SPSS and conventional content analysis. The study results were analyzed using descriptive and regression analysis for Quantitative data and content analysis for qualitative data. The findings revealed that female primary school teachers' participation in IFGs does not significantly implicate their teaching performance. Also, the findings show that IFGs are primarily used to secure social support during unexpected events and generate extra income to meet household needs not covered by teachers' low salaries. The study provided discourse on decent financial inclusion that positively impacts work performance, such as that of teachers. The findings inform policymakers to review teachers’ remuneration to sufficiently support their livelihoods to enable them to focus on teaching activities.
Pengembangan Bisnis Produk Manisan Pala Di Umkm My Sari Pala Dengan Pendekatan Metode Business Model Canvas
Authors: Permana Azi , Ma'ruf Amar , Delfitriani Delfitriani
Published: January 2025

The word business is often encountered by the general public and is often understood as an activity that one does to earn money and livelihood. Most people aspire to own their own business, and it is very satisfying to have a profitable business that consistently makes money every month. Every entrepreneur is responsible for business development, which requires insight, drive and originality. If every entrepreneur can successfully do this, there will be a great opportunity for small businesses to grow into medium or even large businesses. A company called My Sari Pala is engaged in the food and beverage sector. My Sari Pala makes nutmeg-based foods, which are available in six types: candied nutmeg, nutmeg drinks, nutmeg syrup, candied nutmeg, nutmeg tea, and nutmeg cookies. One of the most popular enterprise development techniques is the enterprise Model Canvas. Nine blocks of topics related to the company's activities form a business model known as the company's Model Canvas. Customer groups, value propositions, channels, customer connections, revenue streams, critical resources, critical activities, critical alliances, and cost structures form the nine building blocks. Comparing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of a system is known as SWOT analysis. The internal and external strategic factors are put into a matrix known as the internal strategic factor matrix and internal strategic factor analysis summary. The external strategic factor matrix is also known as the External Strategic Factor Analysis Summary (EFAS).
Masyarakat Sehat, Pangan Sehat: Penguatan Gizi dengan Implementasi Rumah Produksi Sari Kedelai Sebagai Solusi Terpadu Masyarakat Desa
Authors: Safithri Mega , Andrianto Dimas , Fitrilia Tiana , Rosyidah Rara Annisaur , Purwanto Ukhradiya Magharaniq Safira , Kurniasih Rini , Hudayanti Martini , Destiandani Khansa , Raisyadikara Fadila
Published: January 2025

Kesehatan masyarakat di pedesaan Indonesia seringkali terhambat oleh pola konsumsi pangan yang tidak seimbang, dengan ketergantungan tinggi pada karbohidrat dan asupan protein nabati yang kurang optimal. Salah satu solusi potensial adalah peningkatan konsumsi sari kedelai, yang kaya akan protein, vitamin, dan mineral. Sari kedelai dapat membantu memperbaiki gizi dan mengurangi risiko penyakit degeneratif. Desa Sukamaju di Kecamatan Cigudeg, Kabupaten Bogor, memiliki potensi untuk mengembangkan produksi sari kedelai, tetapi pemanfaatannya belum maksimal. Program ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan gizi masyarakat dan memberdayakan ekonomi lokal melalui pendirian rumah produksi sari kedelai. Kegiatan melibatkan kader Posyandu dan PKK melalui sosialisasi dan pelatihan. Metode yang digunakan meliputi pengumpulan data melalui kuisioner pre-test dan post-test untuk menilai pengetahuan sebelum dan setelah pelatihan. Hasil pelatihan menunjukkan peningkatan pemahaman masyarakat tentang sari kedelai, meskipun awalnya pengetahuan mereka terbatas. Program ini berhasil meningkatkan minat dan pengetahuan mengenai sari kedelai, serta berpotensi untuk menjadi model bagi desa lain. Kesimpulannya, program ini memberikan manfaat ganda dengan meningkatkan gizi masyarakat dan mendukung ekonomi lokal, meskipun masih ada tantangan dalam mendorong produksi dan konsumsi sari kedelai secara mandiri.
Peningkatan Kualitas Produksi Ramah Lingkungan dalam Mendukung Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan
Authors: Hakiem Fadhlan Nur , Miharja Rediawan , Putri Lolita Deby Mahendra , Aulia Chisty , Az-Zahra Kamilia Putri , Aulia Muhamad Dava
Published: January 2025

Peningkatan kesadaran akan pentingnya lingkungan mendorong pergeseran perilaku konsumen menuju produk ramah lingkungan. UMKM DariDiri di Desa Lemah Duhur, Kecamatan Caringin, Kabupaten Bogor, yang memproduksi produk ramah lingkungan seperti pembalut kain, menjadi fokus pengabdian kepada masyarakat. Tujuannya adalah meningkatkan kualitas produksi dan kapasitas manajemen UMKM DariDiri untuk mendukung produksi berkelanjutan dalam mencapai SDGs poin 12. Metode yang digunakan adalah pelatihan dan pendampingan langsung dalam pengelolaan produksi, dengan penekanan pada efisiensi, kualitas, dan diversifikasi produk. Hasilnya, UMKM DariDiri mengalami peningkatan kapasitas produksi, diversifikasi produk, dan penerapan manajemen kualitas yang lebih baik. Penggunaan teknologi baru seperti mesin jahit industri juga meningkatkan efisiensi produksi. Program ini berhasil mendorong perubahan perilaku konsumen menuju produk ramah lingkungan, mengurangi sampah plastik, dan mendukung pencapaian SDGs. Selain itu, program ini juga memperkuat komitmen UMKM DariDiri terhadap lingkungan dan keberlanjutan. Secara keseluruhan, pengabdian ini menunjukkan bahwa pendampingan kewirausahaan dapat menjadi strategi efektif dalam meningkatkan kualitas produksi UMKM, mendukung ekonomi lokal, dan berkontribusi pada pelestarian lingkungan.
Peran Akun Tiktok Sebagai Sarana Penyuluhan Pajak Dalam Rangka Meningkatkan Kesadaran Pajak Pelaku UMKM
Authors: Liyana Nur Farida , Sulastri Heni
Published: January 2025

Mengingat besarnya peran pajak dan UMKM dalam perekonomian Indonesia, maka upaya untuk meningkatkan kesadaran pajak di kalangan UMKM sangat diperlukan. Pada tahun 2021, pengguna akun TikTok di Indonesia mencapai 99,1 juta orang, terbesar kedua di dunia. Dengan jumlah pengguna yang begitu besar, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran platform TikTok sebagai sarana sosialisasi perpajakan dalam meningkatkan kesadaran perpajakan di kalangan UMKM. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan TikTok berperan penting dalam meningkatkan kesadaran perpajakan. Melalui akun resmi TikTok Direktorat Jenderal Pajak (DJP), berbagai informasi terkait perpajakan semakin mudah, cepat, murah, dan luas menjangkau para pelaku UMKM di seluruh Indonesia. DJP sebaiknya lebih sering dan konsisten memproduksi konten-konten yang inovatif dan menarik untuk mengunggah video, serta memanfaatkan fasilitas iklan berbayar TikTok (TikTok ads) dalam rangka mengedukasi masyarakat untuk meningkatkan kesadaran perpajakan. Selain itu, kolaborasi dengan spesialis konten kreator untuk sosialisasi perpajakan menjadi pilihan lain agar sosialisasi perpajakan melalui platform TikTok berperan besar dan berdampak pada kesadaran perpajakan.
Potensi Penerimaan Pajak Penghasilan di Indonesia: Sebuah Analisis Deret Waktu
Authors: Sinurat Ronaldo Putra Pratama
Published: January 2025

Pajak penghasilan memiliki peran penting dalam penerimaan negara. Optimalisasi terhadap penerimaan pajak penghasilan tentu akan membuat pendapatan di Indonesia akan meningkat Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi penerimaan pajak penghasilan serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya. Potensi pajak penghasilan dianalisis menggunakan model ARIMA (2,1,1), yang menunjukkan bahwa potensi pajak penghasilan cenderung fluktuatif dan menunjukkan tren peningkatan. Selain itu, analisis regresi linear berganda dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan variabel-variabel seperti produk domestik bruto, kurs, inflasi, dan tenaga kerja sebagai variabel independen. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa, baik secara simultan maupun secara parsial, keempat variabel tersebut memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap penerimaan pajak penghasilan di Indonesia.
Tentang PPN PMSE Indonesia: Masih Ada yang Perlu Diperbaiki?
Authors: Wulandari Destiny
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan konsep yang terkandung di balik pemberlakuan PPN PMSE dan menggali bahan reviu untuk dijadikan sebagai pedoman perbaikan sistem pemungutan PPN PMSE di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode narrative literature review terhadap 20 artikel internasional mengenai PPN atas e-commerce di era ekonomi digital. Penelitian ini berkesimpulan bahwa tidak ada yang salah mengenai pemberlakuan PPN PMSE atas transaksi digital walaupun terdapat tantangan yang harus dihadapi. Sistem pemungutan PPN PMSE yang melibatkan pelaku usaha PMSE sebagai pemungut juga merupakan hal yang lazim. Untuk menghindari beban yang lebih tinggi daripada penerimaan, PPN dapat diberlakukan terhadap semua jenis transaksi B2B dan B2C serta atas semua jenis barang baik itu barang low-value atau bukan. Membangun mekanisme pengawasan yang memadai, membuat ketentuan penegakan hukum yang tegas, dan membuat panduan perincian pemungutan PPN PMSE merupakan upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk memperbaiki sistem pemungutan PPN PMSE di Indonesia.
Transformasi Pajak Cukai (Sin Tax) Menuju Green Tax: Mendorong Ekonomi Hijau di Indonesia
Authors: Setiaji Endra , Harfianto Akbar
Published: January 2025

Di tengah dorongan global menuju keberlanjutan, green tax, yang sering dianggap sebagai perpanjangan dari cukai, muncul sebagai instrumen kunci untuk mendorong akuntabilitas lingkungan. Penelitian ini menganalisa kesenjangan pelaksanaan green tax di Indonesia, melalui pembandingan dengan kerangka cukai yang berlaku. Dengan melihat pelaksanaan dari standar yang berlaku secara global serta penilaian paradigma pajak saat ini, penelitian ini mengusulkan rencana untuk mengatasi kesenjangan ini untuk mengoptimalkan potensi green tax di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menyoroti peluang dan tantangan yang sedang dihadapi, menekankan pentingnya kebutuhan kebijakan yang terintegrasi, serta peningkatan kesadaran publik. Saat negara-negara di seluruh dunia menghadapi dampak dari pengabaian lingkungan, penelitian ini menekankan komitmen Indonesia untuk beralih ke model fiskal yang lebih hijau dan berkelanjutan, melalui modifikasi cukai. Temuan ini membantu pembuat kebijakan, regulator, dan pelestari lingkungan untuk menciptakan masa depan di mana sistem pajak mendukung pertumbuhan ekonomi yang selaras dengan kelestarian lingkungan.
Analisis Dampak Insentif Fiskal Perpajakan Mobil Listrik Berbasis Baterai di Indonesia
Authors: Firdiansyah Akhmad , Gultom Yulifar Amin
Published: January 2025

Percepatan program mobil listrik berbasis baterei sangat diharapkan segera dapat diwujudkan di Indonesia mengingat kekhawatiran akan dampak polusi karbon dan pemanasan global, peranan pemerintah dalam membuat kebijakan fiskal berupa insentif perpajakan telah dibuat, namun perlu dilakukan analisis mendalam bagaimana dampak yang ditimbulkannya, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis dampak terhadap insentif kebijakan fiskal perpajakan yang diberikan kepada industri mobil listrik berbasis baterei di Indonesia dengan titik tekan pada pengadaan baterei terhadap mobil listik nasional. Pendekatan analisis menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif dengan alat analisis CGE-GTAP. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa penghapusan tarif bea masuk, efek positif yang didapatkan hanya atas kenaikan ekspor dan kenaikan produksi seluruh sektor (termasuk kendaraan listrik) kecuali sektor EVBattery. Untuk komponen ekonomi lainnya terlihat terdapat perubahan negatif. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penghapusan tarif bea masuk untuk baterai gagal mendorong daya saing produksi baterai di dalam negeri dan turunnya terms of trade. Insentif penghapusan bea masuk disertai PPN menunjukkan proksi kebijakan ekonomi dalam negeri dan luar negeri. meskipun gagal meningkatkan PDB, namun daya saing sektor baterei dan kendaraan yang menjadi fokus utama penelitian ini mengalami peningkatan produksi dan peningkatan permintaan dalam negeri, penurunan impor, serta peningkatan ekspor. Kondisi meningkatnya daya saing ini mendorong peningkatan kesejahteraan (equivalent variation).
Worldwide Distribution of IQs
Authors: Gouillou Philippe
Published: January 2025

National average IQs can be used to calculate a global average IQ. However, due to differences in population sizes, they are not normally distributed, and it is impossible to calculate the IQ distribution from this average. To estimate the number of people in the world with an IQ above a given value, it is necessary to go through the intermediate calculation of a theoretical average IQ following a Normal Distribution. Using the average IQ and population data of 204 countries, this article provides the formula for calculating this intermediate and gives figures for IQs from 55 to 160 in steps of 5 IQ points. It shows that there are many more high IQs than the world average would suggest. For example, there are about as many people in the world with an IQ above 157 as there would be if the world average were 100 and IQ were distributed according to a normal distribution.
Conscious awareness, sensory integration, and evidence accumulation in bodily self-perception
Authors: Lanfranco Renzo Carlo , Katyal Sucharit , Hägerdal August , Luan Xiaole , Ehrsson H. Henrik
Published: January 2025

The experience of sensations and thoughts as bound to an individual self is a central aspect of consciousness. The bodily self is a prime example—we automatically perceive our body as our own, as an essential part of ourselves. However, the relationship between the bodily self and conscious awareness remains unclear. We developed a psychophysical paradigm to quantify sensory integration, sensory evidence accumulation, and conscious awareness and their relationships within a robotically controlled rubber hand illusion paradigm that probes the sense of body ownership—a crucial aspect of the bodily self. Using signal-detection analysis, metacognitive computational modelling, and drift‒diffusion modelling, we found that conscious awareness reports closely reflected the objective discrimination of body ownership, as sensory integration and sensory evidence accumulation systematically varied. This suggests that conscious awareness and the bodily self are deeply intertwined and that sensory integration mechanisms underpinning bodily self-perception operate at the level of conscious awareness.
Subcortical Structures: The Seeds of Mathematical Abilities
Authors: Flaumenhaft Yakov , Gilad Tamar , Dotan Dror , Saban William
Published: January 2025

Humans exhibit sophisticated mathematical skills, which researchers attribute to our exceptionally large cortex. While most literature has long focused on the involvement of cortical structures in mathematical processes, the potential role of subcortical structures has been largely overlooked. Herein, to bridge this gap, we: 1) Review current evidence potentially indicating the contributions of subcortical structures to mathematical abilities; 2) Propose a potential explanation of how subcortical structures support mathematical abilities; 3) Argue that mathematical skills rely on a dynamic integrative network, involving both cortical and subcortical computations. Finally, given the results of our review, we propose three main future directions for research.
Mindfulness and Resilience from the perspective of mental health workers in the Arab- Bedouin society in Israel - Experiences, perceptions and impact
Authors: Alnabilsy Raghda , Israel Shiran , Levit-Binnun Nava , Soroker Inbal
Published: January 2025

This study examines the coping mechanisms and resilience strategies of Arab-Bedouin in Israel, an ethnic minority facing systemic exclusion and socio-cultural barriers. The research explores their lived experiences within a collectivist and conservative society, addressing the psychological impacts of marginalization and the potential of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) as a personal and communal resilience tool. Eight Arab-Bedouin mental health professionals (five men, three women) participated in an eight-week MBSR program delivered in Arabic. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted before and after the program. A qualitative approach grounded in thematic analysis was employed to understand participants’ perspectives on mindfulness and its integration into their personal and professional lives. Pre-program interviews revealed participants’ emotional burdens related to systemic exclusion, racism, and intra-community stereotypes, alongside reliance on family, religious practices, and connection to nature as coping strategies. Post-program findings highlighted improved emotional regulation, reduced reactivity, and greater presence in daily activities through mindfulness practices such as breathing exercises. Participants reported enhanced interpersonal relationships, including improved empathy and communication. While mindfulness was empowering on a personal level, its limitations in addressing systemic inequalities were acknowledged.This study enriches existing literature on mindfulness in marginalized populations, highlighting its potential to empower Arab-Bedouins by fostering resilience and mitigating emotional burdens. Insights from this research underscore the importance of culturally sensitive interventions in supporting both personal and professional well-being in minority communities.
Longitudinal associations of body image disturbance, psychological distress, and substance use.
Authors: Ajayi Alex A. , Ertl Melissa M.
Published: January 2025

Body image disturbance is pervasive among young adults and linked with adverse health outcomes. This preregistered study examined longitudinal associations between body image and eating disturbance, psychological distress, and substance use over one year among 365 diverse young adults (54% BIPOC, Mage = 20.77) using structural equation modeling. Higher body image disturbance and substance misuse at Time 1 were associated with increased psychological distress at Time 2, with no significant bidirectional relationships found. Body image disturbance did not predict subsequent alcohol use or substance misuse. LGBQ+ young adults reported higher levels of psychological distress and substance misuse compared to heterosexual peers at Time 1, and women reported higher levels of body image and eating disturbance and psychological distress compared to men at Time 1. This research addresses the gap in empirical understanding of longitudinal associations between body image and eating disturbance, psychological distress, and substance use to inform targeted interventions. Implications for prevention, clinical practice, and advocacy in promoting mental health and well-being are discussed.
Geopolitical Dynamics in South Asia: A Comparative Study of Chinese and Indian Interests in the Sovereignty and Politics of Nepal
Authors: Pokharel Arjun Prasad
Published: January 2025

Nepal, a landlocked nation strategically positioned between China and India, plays a pivotal role in South Asia's geopolitics. Historically, Nepal has preserved its sovereignty despite external pressures, particularly from its powerful neighbors. In the 21st century, the competition between China and India has intensified, with both nations pursuing their strategic, economic, and security interests in Nepal. China prioritizes stability, adherence to the One-China policy, and economic integration, while India emphasizes historical ties and strategic involvement in Nepal’s politics. This study investigates the geopolitical dynamics influencing Nepal, focusing on the period after 2005, when Nepal transitioned from a monarchy to a federal democratic republic. The study aims to explore the historical evolution of Nepal's political landscape, analyze the motivations driving Chinese and Indian interests, and evaluate their impact on Nepal's sovereignty and development. Adopting a qualitative approach, the research utilizes secondary data from scholarly publications, reports, and expert interviews to provide a comprehensive analysis. The findings reveal divergent strategies: China adopts a non-interference policy emphasizing economic collaboration, while India’s active political involvement has often led to disputes. The conclusion highlights Nepal’s critical need to balance its foreign relations, safeguard sovereignty, and leverage its strategic position for stability and sustainable growth.
Psychological Impacts on Post-COVID-19 Patients in Raptisonari Rural Municipality, Banke District
Authors: Acharya Lal Mani
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the psychological effects experienced by patients who have recovered from COVID-19 in the Raptisonari Rural Municipality of Banke District. The primary objective is to elucidate the actual psychological impacts on these individuals. The research adopts a descriptive methodology, encompassing both quantitative and qualitative data. A sample of 80 respondents, all above the age of 20, was selected using snowball sampling. Data collection was conducted through questionnaires and informal interviews during direct visits to the respondents. The collected primary data were meticulously edited and presented in the final report, with tabulation aligned to the study's objectives. Data entry and analysis were performed using Microsoft Excel, enabling the creation of relevant tables and diagrams. The analysis revealed that 40% of respondents were aged 25-29, while only 1.25% were in the 55-59 age group. Additionally, 72.5% of the respondents belonged to the Janajati community, and all respondents were literate, with 26.25% having completed the SLC/SEE. Employment status showed that 55% of respondents were job holders. In terms of religious affiliation, 87.5% were Hindu. Regarding symptoms, 85% reported experiencing fever, cough, and tiredness, with eight clients specifically mentioning fever and four mentioning cough. Preventive measures identified included mask-wearing, as reported by 39 clients, and 35% of clients were diagnosed with COVID-19 at hospitals. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 diagnosis was significant, with 68.75% of respondents expressing fear upon diagnosis. During the isolation period, 83.75% of the respondents were in home isolation, with 50% fearing death and 45% expressing happiness upon discharge from isolation. Post-recovery, 66.25% of the respondents received congratulations from friends and family upon meeting them. This study highlights the profound psychological effects on COVID-19 recovered patients and underscores the need for targeted mental health support for this population.
Quality of Life among Patient Affected with Hypertension in Kaushallya Memorial Hospital, Kohalpur, Banke
Authors: Acharya Sabita
Published: January 2025

Hypertension is defined as the force exerted by circulating blood against the walls of the arteries, the major blood vessels in the body. Quality of life (QoL) is the subjectively determined personal satisfaction with daily life, as influenced by the individual's evaluation of his/her physical, psychological, social, and spiritual wellbeing. The objective of this research was to assess quality of life among patient affected with hypertension in Kaushallya Memorial Hospital, Kohalpur, Banke. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was selected for the study and non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to select 60 hypertensive patients. Standarized questionnaire tool was used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential (ANOVA) statistic through SPSS version 21. The result of the study revealed that majority of the respondents 42(70.0%) had fair quality of life whereas quarter of the respondents 15(25.05) had poor quality of life and least of the respondents 3(5.0%) had good quality of life. The study shows that a higher Mental Health Scale domain score i.e.18.31 2.64. Role Emotional Scale domain has lowest score 5.05 1.87. It is concluded that general health domain, role physical domain, PFS, role emotional scale, SFS domain and vitality scale domain and role emotional domain of hypertension patient were affected.
Comparing Maximum Lifespan of a New Flexible Keel versus Non-Articulated Prosthetic Feet
Authors: A. Abdalwahhab Hiba , Resan Kadhim , Omaraa Ehsan
Published: January 2025

The number of amputees worldwide is increasing for different reasons, such as diseases, accidents, and acts of violence. In developing countries, conventional prosthetic feet like the Solid Ankle Cushion Heel (SACH) foot are commonly used because of their affordability, ease of maintenance, and use. To improve the features of the SACH foot, a new prosthetic foot was developed that resembles it but has a flexible keel. The new foot consists of a wooden keel, carbon fiber reinforced polymer support, and a flexible filler material, silicone rubber, that provides flexibility to the foot's movement. The process of pouring liquid silicone rubber and rice husk ash into a metal mold. The new foot was tested for fatigue foot life and dorsiflexion angle using devices such as the Fatigue Foot Tester and dorsiflexion tester to estimate its expected life. The outcomes were relative to those of the SACH feet, and it was found that the new foot has a better fatigue life of 510,382 steps compared to 473,241 steps for the SACH foot. Additionally, the new foot has a higher dorsiflexion angle of 5.7° compared to 2.3° for the SACH foot.
Improving Performance Classification in Wireless Body Area Sensor Networks Based on Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Sabreen Waheed Kadhum  , Ali Tawfeeq Mohammed
Published: January 2025

Wireless Body Area Sensor Networks (WBASNs) have garnered significant attention due to the implementation of self-automaton and modern technologies. Within the healthcare WBASN, certain sensed data hold greater significance than others in light of their critical aspect. Such vital data must be given within a specified time frame. Data loss and delay could not be tolerated in such types of systems. Intelligent algorithms are distinguished by their superior ability to interact with various data systems. Machine learning methods can analyze the gathered data and uncover previously unknown patterns and information. These approaches can also diagnose and notify critical conditions in patients under monitoring. This study implements two supervised machine learning classification techniques, Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers, to achieve better search performance and high classification accuracy in a heterogeneous WBASN. These classification techniques are responsible for categorizing each incoming packet into normal, critical, or very critical, depending on the patient's condition, so that any problem affecting him can be addressed promptly. Comparative analyses reveal that LVQ outperforms SVM in terms of accuracy at 91.45% and 80%, respectively.
Characteristics of Port Scan Traffic: A Case Study Using Nmap
Authors: Al-Khazaali Zaid , Al-Ghabban Ammar , Al-Musawi Haneen , Sabah Anwar , Al Mahdi Noor
Published: January 2025

Network ports, essential for communication, become susceptible to port scanning techniques employed by cybersecurity professionals, network administrators, and malicious hackers. The study digs into the specific characteristics of Nmap-generated port scan traffic, examining patterns, behaviors, and data relations throughout the packets. Also, researchers investigate the relationships between various port scan features and approaches to provide insightful information for developing more effective intrusion detection systems. The tool Nmap, which is widely employed for reconnaissance attacks in current network security, is the subject of this paper, and the Metasploit tool is also used to illustrate specific behavior and how it differs from the Nmap tool. The paper's contribution is summarized by introducing features like source ports, destination port distribution, statistics, and time-related attributes, which can be used as distinguishable features to detect the scan traffic. The term "Indicator of Scan" (IoS), as used by the authors, refers to a broad category that includes any useful indicators for scan detection. IoS can also be useful in determining which specific scanning tool is utilized in addition to scan detection.
A Novel Dermatological Diagnosis Support Device Based on Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Moraitopoulos Alexandros , Mitsopoulos Konstantinos , Kemanetzi Christina , Bamidis Panagiotis , Astaras Alexandros
Published: January 2025

Our team has engineered a mobile and cost-efficient diagnostic tool that leverages Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) technology to conduct differential assessment of the electrical impedance of skin tissue. Now in its third prototype iteration, the DermaSense apparatus performs non-invasive data collection from the epidermal layer, processing and analyzes the data, and serves as a support tool in dermatological diagnostic decisions. Device development focuses on an array of skin malignancies and relevant precursors conditions, such as actinic keratosis. Subsequent to rigorous evaluations in both controlled lab environments and clinical scenarios, our empirical data suggests that DermaSense holds promise in enhancing the precision of skin condition classification. Crucially, impedance measurements derived from individuals with certain pre existing dermatological ailments appear to be distinguishable from those acquired from healthy patches of skin from the same subject, as well as those from other healthy subjects.
Deciphering Astroglial Dynamics and Interactions Through Multi-Scale Computational Modeling in Multiple Sclerosis Evolution
Authors: Tsimperi Chrysoula , Michmizos Konstantinos , Hadjileontiadis Leontios
Published: January 2025

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease affecting millions worldwide, highlighting the complex relationship between the immune system and the central nervous system. Astrocytes are recognized as significant contributors to the disease's pathogenesis. In this work, a biophysically realistic astrocytic model was created to investigate astrocytes' role in MS development, focusing on their impact on axonal conduction and enhanced sodium channel facilitation in demyelinated axons. Through the advancement of comprehension about the involvement of astrocytes in the pathophysiology of MS, this study explores the processes underlying the disease. The study also examines the morphology of astrocytes and its influence on cellular activity, providing insights into cell instability drivers and the interaction between morphological changes and functional modifications. This approach aims to understand the complex connections between cellular characteristics and physiological attributes, enhancing our understanding of multiple sclerosis and potentially developing groundbreaking therapies.
Validating the ID-GAMING e-Training Toolkit for People with Intellectual Disabilities in Greece
Authors: Pandria Niki
Published: January 2025

Intellectual disability is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by limitations in adaptive and intellectual functioning. Serious games (SG) incorporate learning and educational strategies that are commonly used in special education, and they have been proposed as assistive tools to people with developmental difficulties. ID-GAMING e-training toolkit encloses a SG named as “Qool City” available as a board and digital game, a game catalogue and training materials on cognitive functions and quality of life. In this manuscript we focused on describing the methodology and the preliminary outcomes of the validation actions of the toolkit. A four-step methodology was formed to specify the interaction of participants with the toolkit and a qualitative validation tool was developed by the consortium to assess the participants’ performance during the session. The target groups were young adults and adults with intellectual disabilities (PwID), professionals, and relatives. Twelve individuals participated of which 7 were PwID, 2 educators and 3 facilitators. However, 2 PwID withdrew from the activities performed in Step 1 and 2 but 1 PwID joined the activities performed in Step 3 and 4. The ID-GAMING e-training toolkit seems to lead to improvement in various cognitive functions of PwID including memory, attention, language, and spatial orientation. Components of quality of life such as wellbeing and independence were promoted. PwID remained engaged until the end of their interaction with the toolkit components while both PwID and educators were satisfied with the toolkit. Moreover, educators argued that the e-training toolkit helped them to be motivated and aware of the potential applications of SG for improving cognitive functions as well as providing useful information about quality of life, its improvement, and cognitive functions. In addition, collaborative and supportive skills were promoted along with digital skills. Indicators for participants’ experience and improvement were fulfilled. Therefore, the ID-GAMING e-training toolkit seems to be a valuable assistive tool for PwID and the people involved in their care that should be further validated using a larger sample size and standardized assessment tools.
Deep Learning Classification of Epileptic Magnetoencephalogram
Authors: Stylianou Andreas , Koumakis Lefteris , Ηadjinicolaou Μaria , Adamopoulos Adam , Athanasiou Alkinoos
Published: January 2025

In this research we study several statistical methods for feature extraction from Magnetoencephalography (MEG) Signals and classification of these signals to two classes: epileptic and healthy, based on the extracted features. We, then, apply automated feature extraction techniques by means of deep learning using several Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models.
Our goal is to try various methods and models for MEG Signal classification and draw some conclusions about their functionality and effectiveness.
We base our study on our theoretical knowledge on the neurology of epilepsy, previous studies of epileptic seizure imaging and recognition using MEG and EEG as well as the Signal Processing Theory and techniques. We apply several advanced classification methods with the use of ANN like Feed-Forward ANN, Convolutional NN and Inception V3. The results of this study are very encouraging and can be a base for future research on the subject of epileptic seizure recognition, prediction and prevention.
Biomedical technology and clinical engineering in Greece after the pandemic: highlighted works from the Panhellenic Conference of Biomedical Technology
Authors: Dermitzakis Aris , Zilidou Vasiliki , Athanasiou Alkinoos , Vellidou Eleftheria 
Published: January 2025

The period of Covid dominated the biomedical and clinical engineering workflows, as researchers and front-line health practitioners raced against time to offer solutions to the disruption caused to global healthcare. The Hellenic Society of Biomedical Technology reacted to the challenge in accordance to European and global biomedical and clinical engineering societies, waging the information battle and engaging with the public and the research community. Nonetheless, as the globe was slowly returning to its usual pre-pandemic practices, biomedical technology also entered a transition period, evolving through the challenges of the pandemic and started resembling a sort of scientific normality. In that environment, this special issue constitutes a selection of works that were presented during the last two Panhellenic Conferences of Biomedical Technology. The articles were due to their scientific interest and excellence, but also to portray the transition of the biomedical audience’s research interests from the pandemic to their more usual endeavors, albeit with the lingering influence of what transpired and how the biomedical and clinical engineering community reacted both globally and in Greece.
Prevalence and Perinatal Outcomes of Group B Streptococcus Positive Mothers in a University Hospital in Pahang, Malaysia
Authors: Yusof Nurul Mutmainnah , Nusee Zalina , Mohd Yusoff Mohd Azam , Abd Aziz Karimah Hanim
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION: Group B streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of early neonatal infection and is related to various maternal infections. This study aims to determine the prevalence of GBS-positive mothers and their pregnancy outcomes in a University Hospital in Pahang, Malaysia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2021-May 2022, involving 230 pregnant women between 35-38 weeks follow-up at this hospital. Rectovaginal swab (RVS), high vaginal swab (HVS), and midstream urine (MSU) cultures were sent for GBS screening in asymptomatic mother, and positive mothers received intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) as per protocol. Maternal outcome analysed were preterm pre-labour rupture of membrane (PPROM), preterm labour, maternal pyrexia, and puerperal infection. Whereas, neonatal outcomes include prematurity, low Apgar score, requirements of NICU/SCN admission and antibiotic; and diagnosis of neonatal early-onset GBS (EOGBS) disease. RESULTS: 58.6% of participants were tested GBS-positive based on either RVS, HVS, or MSU culture. There was no significant association between maternal GBS status, sociodemographic, and clinical background except for being overweight (mean BMI 26.3 kg/m2, p= 0.047). Maternal and neonatal outcomes were not significantly different between GBS-positive and GBS-negative mothers. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of GBS colonisation (58.6%) was higher compared to reports worldwide. However, the implementation of GBS screening and IAP had successfully prevented the development of EOGBS disease and complication for both mothers and neonates. Therefore, screening for asymptomatic mother is important and effective for GBS infection.
The Development and Content Validation of a Needs Assessment Questionnaire for Visual Attributes Profiling in Students with Visual Impairment
Authors: Ahmad Najmee Nur Aresya , Mohammed Zainora , Hassan Rosilah , Mohamad Fadzil Norliza , Abd Rahman Mohd Harimi , Mohamad Arif Nuratiqah Nadhirah
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION: Conducting a needs assessment is imperative to identify gaps in the current data management practices for visually impaired students. This study aims to evaluate the content validity of a needs assessment questionnaire, a critical precursor to developing a systematic visual attributes profile for this student population. By validating the questionnaire, the challenges and needs of visually impaired students can be accurately identified, enabling targeted interventions and informed policy decisions in special education. Ensuring the precision of the questionnaire establishes a foundation for understanding and addressing these students' needs, ultimately contributing to more effective educational environments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The instrument underwent two phases, i.e. item development and a comprehensive assessment of item validity by six experts. The experts evaluated the instrument’s relevance and comprehensibility using a four-point Likert scale. Microsoft Excel facilitated the analysis of the Content Validity Index (CVI), Content Validity Ratio (CVR), and modified kappa (K) statistics. RESULTS: The item content validity index (I-CVI) ranged from 0.83-1, with a Scale-level Content Validity Index (S-CVI/Ave) of 0.97, indicating acceptability. The Content Validity Ratios (CVR) for most items surpassed 0.7, indicating strong agreement among experts on their relevance with the interpretation of the K analysis of 70% excellent. However, three items in the second and third domains required revision and clarity enhancement. CONCLUSION: The content validity analysis showed that all items in the questionnaire were deemed appropriate. This suggests that the questionnaire is suitable for assessing the need to develop a systematic visual attribute profiling for students with visual impairment.
Effectiveness of Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) Lens in Slowing Myopia Progression among Malay Schoolchildren
Authors: Syed Mohd Dardin Syarifah Faiza , Mohd-Ali Bariah , Norazman Fatin Nur Najwa , Mohamad Shahimin Mizhanim , Mohd Saman Mohd Norhafizun , Mohidin Norhani
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION: Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) lens imposes simultaneous myopic defocus for myopia control and has been proven to be effective in controlling myopia progression in children. However, the effectiveness of the DIMS lens may vary between different ethnicity due to different retinal profiles among children. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of DIMS lens in controlling myopia progression among myopic Malay schoolchildren. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a randomized control trial and was conducted as a single-site study where forty-two myopic Malay schoolchildren, (mean age of 9.53±1.50 years old) were recruited. The effectiveness of the DIMS lens was measured via changes in spherical equivalent refraction and axial length elongation for 12 months, and findings were compared with children wearing single vision (SV) lens. Data was analysed using repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA), between-within with Bonferroni correction, and p<0.05 indicated a significant difference. RESULTS: After 12 months, 38 subjects completed the study, with 20 subjects in the DIMS group and 18 subjects in the SV group. The DIMS group showed a significantly lower myopia progression; with 0.07±0.10mm increment in axial length elongation and -0.16±0.30D in spherical equivalent refraction increment compared to the SV group. The main effect comparing the changes in axial length elongation and spherical equivalent refraction increment between the DIMS group and the SV group was significant, (F=7.61, p <0.05) and (F=3.23, p<0.05), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Full time wear of the DIMS lens is significantly effective in slowing myopia progression compared to SV lens in myopic Malay schoolchildren.
The history of relations between Turkey and the Soviet Union in the 20-30s of the ХХ century
Authors:   Mukhtar Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Gulzhan Otarbayeva
Published: January 2025

In the article the process of formation of the Soviet-Turkish dialogue was examined, when the liberation war of Turkey after the end of the First World War and the contribution of the USSR to the victory of Turkey in this war was going on. The authors analysed the reasons and positive results of the Soviet-Turkish cooperation and Ankara's position on the possible spread of communist influence in the country, and exam-ined the transformation of diplomatic relations between Ankara and Moscow from positive to negative. The authors examined the divergence of positions on the Straits issue on the eve of the Lausanne Conference and identified the positions of the two governments on the Straits issue. The activities of the Soviet government to identify the reasons that led to the cooling in Soviet-Turkish relations in the middle of 1923 were highlighted. In the article the influence of diplomatic and military measures taken by the USSR in the framework of the implementation of agreements on the division of spheres of interest with Germany (the Soviet-Finnish war,etc.) on the position of Turkey towards the Soviet Union in the late 30s of the twentieth century was also analysed.
Methodological foundations of the study of everyday history (on the example of Sayram district in the 30–60s of the XXth century)
Authors:   M.Auezov South Kazakhstan University Shymkent, Tashtanov Zh. , Hekimoglu Vezhikhi Sefa Fut ,   Kutahya Dumlupinar University
Published: January 2025

The article is devoted to the analysis of methodological foundations of one of the modern trends in historical science — the history of everyday life on the example of Sairam district. The authors attempt to analyse the achievements of representatives of foreign and domestic historiography in determining the conceptual and methodological foundations of the history of everyday life. As a result of the analysis of scientific problems of the article the author comes to the conclusion that the works of foreign and Kazakhstani authors in general positively assess the heuristic abilities of the new methodological approach in the study of everyday life of a certain city, district, society and an individual person. Also, the object of scientific interest of the author be-came the subjects of socio-economic history and everyday life of citizens of Sairam district in 30–40 years of the twentieth century. This chronological period is of particular interest from the point of view of studying the process of transformation of everyday life of the population of Sairam district. Since it is in this period, along with the already rooted traditions in the everyday life of the population began to appear elements of a new life space. These changes were caused by collectivization, which began with confiscation of cattle, property and personal property from the Bai, further, changes in the territorial structure of the district, development of con-struction industry, etc.