bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Victim Impact Laws and the Parole Process in the United States: Balancing Victim and Inmate Rights and Interests
Authors: Bernat Frances P. , Parsonage William H. , Helfgott Jacqueline
Published: January 2017

In recent years, many states have amended their parole laws to enable victim impact statements to be used in the parole process. Few state laws provide clear guidelines detailing the nature and scope of victim statements, how and when victims are to be notified of their rights, and how parole authorities are to utilize such information. This paper analyzes state parole laws and the procedural and substantive inadequacies which can result from the failure of legislatures to articulate complete rules on victim statements in the parole process.
Sentencing and the Victim: the Aftermath of Payne
Authors: Sebba Leslie
Published: January 2017

In 1991 the U.S. Supreme Court — reversing its earlier decisions on this point — held that it was permissible to present before a jury at a capital sentencing hearing evidence regarding the character of the victim and the suffering inflicted upon the vistim's family. The implications of this decision for sentencing philosophy are considered, particularly in the context of the ‘justice’ model, and in relation to the two components of determining offence seriousness — harm and culpability. Alternative models of justice are considred, and a suggestion is profferred for enabling the victim to have a ‘day in court’ without unfairly prejudicing the position of the defendant.
Preliminary Clinical Evaluation of Leuprorelin Acetate Depot Injection in France, in the Management of Prostatic Cancer
Authors: Navratil H.
Published: January 2017

In a preliminary multicentre clinical trial of 3.75 mg leuprorelin acetate depot 18 previously untreated patients with metastatic prostatic cancer were treated with the depot given subcutaneously once every 4 weeks for 28 weeks. Patients also received 100 mg nilutamide taken orally three times a day for the first 14 days of treatment to prevent flare-up. Leuprorelin acetate suppressed the serum testosterone concentration to castration leveis; luteinizing hormone levels were also suppressed. The incidence of progressive disease was low and partial reponse occurred in five patients after treatment. No side-effects were assigned to the flare-up period. It is concluded that leuprorelin acetate depot is a safe and efficacious treatment for metastatic prostatic cancer.

Dans le cadre d'une étude clinique multicentrique préliminaire portant sur l'acétate de leuproréline retard à une dose de 3,75 mg, on a administré le médicament à 18 malades atteints d'un cancer prostatique métastatique non traité au préalable, et ce sous forme d'injection sous-cutanée une fois toutes les quatre semaines pendant 28 semaines. On a également prescrit aux malades 100 mg de nilutamide qui a été ingérée par voie orale trois fois par jour pendant les 14 premiers jours du traitement en vue d'empêcher un réveil de la tumeur. L'acétate de leuproréline a réduit la concentration plasmatique de testostérone jusqu’ à des taux de castration; les taux d'hormones lutéinisantes ont également été réduits. L'incidence de progression de la maladie a été basse et une réponse partielle a été observée chez cinq patients sous le traitement. Aucun effet secondaire n'a été associé à la période de réveil de la tumeur. On en a conclu que l'acétate de leuproréline retard était un traitement sûr et efficace du cancer prostatique métastatique.

In uno studio preliminare policentrico delia terapia a base di 3,75 mg di leuprorelin acetato, in preparazione “ritardo”, a 18 pazienti affetti da cancro prostatico metastatico, che non erano stati trattati in pre-cedenza, è stata somministrata la suddetta dose di farmaco, in preparazione “ritardo” per via sottocutanea, una volta ogni 4 settimane, per 28 settimane. Ai pazienti sono stati somministrati anche 100 mg di nilutamide, per via orale, tre volte al giorno, per i primi 14 giorni di trattamento, al fine di impedire l'aggravamento. Il leuprorelin acetato ha soppresso la concentrazione serica di testosterone a livelli da castrazione; anche i livelli di ormone luteinizzante sono stati soppressi. L'incidenza dei casi di malattia progressiva è stata bassa ed in cinque pazienti si è rilevata una risposta parziale, dopo il trattamento. Nessun effetto collatérale è stato attribuito al periodo di aggravamento. Se ne desume che il leuprorelin acetato, in preparazione “ritardo” costituisce un trattamento sicuro ed efficace per il cancro della prostata metastatico.
Node Exploration in Prostatic Cancer
Authors: Giraud B.
Published: January 2017

Lymph node invasion is an important stage in the development of metastases; it is exceptional for metastases to be found in the absence of lymph node invasion. Radiological investigations have been developed, but lymphangiography, echography and scanners can only be used when invasions have attained a certain volume and they do not recognize microscopic modifications. The use of localized histological samples has been shown to be reliable and not to be as inconvenient as laparotomy, which is a relatively major operation in prostatic cancer patients, who tend to be elderly.

L'invasion des glandes lymphatiques est un stade important du développement des métastases; il est exceptionnel de trouver des métastases en l'absence d'une invasion des ganglions lymphatiques. Les examens radiologiques ont ainsi fait l'objet de développements, toutefois la lymphangiographie, l'échographie et les scanners ne peuvent être utilisés que lorsque les invasions ont atteint un certain volume; ces méthodes ne permettent pas de repérer les modifications microscopiques. Le recoursà des échantillons histologiques localisés a été fiable et moins désagréable que la laparotomie qui est une intervention relativement majeure chez les malades atteints du cancer prostatique qui ont tendanceà être d'âge avancé.

L'invasione dei linfonodi costituisce uno stadio importante nello sviluppo delie metastasi; sono eccezionali quei casi in cui si riscontrano metastasi avvenute in assenza di invasione dei linfonodi. Sono state messe a punto tecniche di indagine radiologica, tuttavia la linfangiografia, l'ecografia e gli scanner possono essere utilizzati soltanto quando le invasioni hanno raggiunto un certo volume e non rilevano le modificazioni microscopiche. L'impiego di campioni istologici localizzati si è dimostrato affidabile e privo degli inconvenienti connessi alla laparotomia, che costituisce un intervento relativamente di notevole entità per i pazienti di cancro alia prostata che, nella maggiorparte dei casi, sono anziani.
State, Taxation and Fiscal Oppression in Early Medieval Odisha
Authors: Acharya Subrata Kumar
Published: January 2017

This article attempts at reviewing the taxation system in early medieval Odisha. The period covered is roughly from the fourth to the twelfth century CE. It is found that in the beginning, the rulers of the small kingdoms of early medieval Odisha did not impose many taxes on the subjects. Land revenue was the mainstay of state economy. The rulers could manage to run the administration of their small kingdoms with the resources from land and land-related activities. Revenue from trade and commerce and artisanal products to some extent replenished the state treasury. But in due course of time with the increase in the size of the kingdoms, the rulers demanded more and more revenue to meet the cost of ruling and maintaining the army and bureaucracy. The maximum number of taxes were imposed by the Somavamsis from the closing decades of the tenth century. This exigency has been explained in the context of army mobilisation to defend the kingdom from enemies. In addition, the construction of temples necessitated the extraction of product rent and labour rent. This was particularly true in the coastal tracts of Odisha. The collection of revenue was exploitative and there was resentment of not only the peasants but also the brāhmaṇas. This might have resulted in the large-scale exodus of population from the coastal tracts of Odisha to the neighbouring kingdoms. When the Gaṅga ruler Anantavarman Coḍagaṅgadeva annexed a major part of Odisha in the early decades of the twelfth century, he tried to pacify the subjects by waiving the heavy burden of taxation. This together with other ritualistic measures in the cult practices finally paved the way for a regional state formation in Odisha.
Kill Buddha Singh
Authors: Yin Cao
Published: January 2017

On the morning of 6 April 1927, the Jemadar of the Sikh branch in the Shanghai Municipal Police, Buddha Singh, had been shot dead by an Indian nationalist. This incident has not drawn much attention from scholars studying modern Chinese history. This article argues that the narrative framework of the Chinese national history fails to provide a space for subjects such as Sikh migrants and nationalists that can hardly be appropriated. By exploring how the Ghadar Party, the Comintern and the Chinese communists cooperated with each other to shatter the British hegemony in Shanghai and how the British colonial authorities forged a coordinative network to check the ever-flowing dissidents, this article reconstructs the dramatic case of Buddha Singh not only in the milieu of the Chinese nationalist revolution, but also in the context of the global anti-imperial and communist movements. In so doing, it challenges the established national narrative and champions an approach that incorporates modern Chinese history into the global history.
Functional Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy: A Brief, Individual Treatment for Functional Impairments Resulting from Psychotic Symptoms in Schizophrenia
Authors: Cather Corinne
Published: January 2017

This paper describes a novel cognitive-behavioural approach to treating psychotic symptoms—functional cognitive-behavioural therapy (FCBT)—which was developed with the primary aim of remediating social functioning deficits in patients with residual psychotic symptoms. In FCBT, symptom-focused cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) interventions are delivered in the context of working on functional goals: a premise of FCBT is that the therapeutic alliance and patient motivation are enhanced by linking interventions to life goals. The paper outlines the rationale for expanding existing approaches to target social functioning impairment and uses case illustrations to exemplify particular phases of treatment as well as specific CBT interventions. Results from a pilot study of FCBT are summarized, together with suggestions for new research directions.
Quality of Life in Patients with Seasonal Affective Disorder: Summer vs Winter Scores
Authors: Michalak Erin E , Tam Edwin M , Manjunath CV , Levitt Anthony J , Levitan Robert D , Lam Raymond W
Published: January 2017

Objective:

To compare perceived quality of life (QoL) in patients diagnosed with seasonal affective disorder (SAD) during the winter and summer months.

Methods:

Twenty-six patients who were enrolled in an ongoing multicentre study in Canada completed 2 measures of QoL (the 20-item Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form General Health Survey [SF-20] and the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire, [Q-LES-Q]) during the winter, when suffering from depression, and again during the summer months.

Results:

Both general and health-related QoL scores were significantly improved in patients with SAD during the summer months, with scores for the most part falling within normal range.

Conclusions:

Perceived QoL in patients with SAD is markedly impaired during the winter months but shows a substantial rebound during the summer months. The findings of this study provide further evidence that SAD is a distinct diagnostic entity.
Predictors of Professional and Personal Satisfaction with a Career in Psychiatry
Authors: Garfinkel Paul E , Bagby R Michael , Schuller Deborah R , Dickens Susan E , Schulte Fiona S
Published: January 2017

Background:

Many factors, including personal experience and personality traits, contribute to the emotional difficulties that psychiatrists experience in their professional work. The nature of the work itself also plays a significant role.

Objective:

To determine those personal and professional characteristics that predict satisfaction with the practice of psychiatry.

Method:

We mailed a questionnaire that included items pertaining to aspects of personal and professional life to the entire population of psychiatrists in Ontario ( N = 1574).

Results:

Of the 1574, 52% ( n = 802) responded. We conducted a series of regression analyses to determine factors related to career satisfaction or regret. A belief in the intrinsic value of psychiatry, a low perceived degree of emotional burden from patients, financial success, and satisfaction with psychotherapeutic work emerged consistently as significant predictors. A subsequent discriminant function analysis indicated that all 4 of these variables accurately predicted those psychiatrists with extreme satisfaction or dissatisfaction with work.

Conclusions:

These results reveal several variables associated with career satisfaction in the practice of psychiatry that might be useful to discuss with residents who are beginning their careers.
Listening to the Past: History, Psychiatry, and Anxiety
Authors: Tone Andrea
Published: January 2017

This article explores the history of psychiatry and the rise of biological psychiatry and suggests ways in which the study of history can shed light on current psychiatric practice and debate. Focusing on anxiolytics (meprobomate in the 1950s and benzodiazepines in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s) as a case study in the development of psychopharmacology, it shows how social and political factors converged to popularize and later stigmatize outpatient treatments for anxiety. The importance of social context in the creation of new therapeutic paradigms in modern psychiatry suggests the need to take into account a broad range of historical variables to understand how modern psychopharmacology has emerged and how particular treatments for disorders have been developed, diffused, and assessed.
Daycare Attendance, Stress, and Mental Health
Authors: Geoffroy Marie-Claude , Côté Sylvana M , Parent Sophie , Séguin Jean Richard
Published: January 2017

Objective:

Daycare stress can be indexed by cortisol, and elevated levels of cortisol have been implicated in the onset and development of mental health disorders. Our objective was to quantify the associations between daycare and cortisol and to identify individual and environmental conditions under which daycare attendance is associated with cortisol concentrations.

Methods:

We used Cohen effect size statistics to quantify these associations and to compare them across 11 published studies that were identified with MEDLINE and PsycINFO.

Results:

Cortisol levels increased during the daycare day, whereas they decreased when children stayed at home. The mean effect size was d = 0.72. The magnitude of the daycare–stress relation seemed to vary under 3 specific conditions. First, the effect size was larger for children in low-quality daycare ( d = 1.15), whereas there was essentially little or no effect for children in high-quality daycare ( d = 0.10). Second, the effect size was larger for preschoolers (aged 39 to 59 months) ( d = 1.17) than for infants (aged 3 to 16 months) ( d = 0.11) or school-aged children (aged 84 to 106 months) ( d = 0.09). Third, children with difficult temperaments in daycare were more likely to exhibit a rising pattern of cortisol, compared with children who were not difficult.

Conclusions:

Our review suggests that daycare attendance in relatively low-quality daycare conditions and for children with difficult temperaments may result in atypical cortisol elevation. Although the link between atypical cortisol elevation and mental health requires further study, programs aimed at improving the quality of daycare services during the preschool years are expected to lead to better physiological adaptation to daycare and to reduce the risks of mental health problems.
Comparison of the Child Behavior Checklist Profiles between Community- and Clinic-Based Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Korea
Authors: Suh Cheon-Seok , Kim Jae-Won , Yoo Han-Ik , Hwang Jun-Won , Kim Boong-Nyun , Shin Min-Sup , Cho Soo-Churl
Published: January 2017

Objective:

The aim of this study was to examine whether there is a difference in the behavioural characteristics of community- and clinic-based children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Korea.

Method:

The study included 75 community-based and 72 clinic-based subjects with ADHD. The parents of all the children completed the parent versions of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL).

Results:

The community-based ADHD subjects scored significantly higher ( P < 0.01) than clinic-based subjects in the Somatic Complaints and Delinquent Behaviour profiles of the CBCL. The community-based subjects with ADHD, combined subtype, showed significantly higher mean scores in the Somatic Complaints ( P < 0.01) and Thought Problems ( P < 0.05) profiles than the clinic-based subjects with ADHD, combined subtype.

Conclusion:

These findings suggest the possibility of an increased incidence of behavioural or emotional problems in community-based ADHD subjects when compared with clinic-based subjects in Korea.
Combined Therapy of Major Depression with Concomitant Borderline Personality Disorder: Comparison of Interpersonal and Cognitive Psychotherapy
Authors: Bellino Silvio , Zizza Monica , Rinaldi Camilla , Bogetto Filippo
Published: January 2017

Objective:

The combination of antidepressants and brief psychotherapies has been proven more efficacious in treating major depression and is particularly recommended in patients with concomitant personality disorders. We compare the effects of 2 combined therapies, fluoxetine and interpersonal therapy (IPT) or fluoxetine and cognitive therapy (CT), on major depression in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD).

Method:

Thirty-five consecutive outpatients with a diagnosis of BPD and a major depressive episode (not bipolar and not psychotic) were enrolled. They were randomly assigned to 1 of the 2 combined treatments and treated for 24 weeks. Assessment included a semistructured interview, Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS), Satisfaction Profile (SAT-P) for quality of life (QOL), and Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP-64). Statistical analysis was performed using the univariate General Linear Model to calculate the effects of duration and type of treatment.

Results:

No significant differences between treatments were found at CGI, HDRS, BDI-II, and SOFAS score. Combined treatment with CT had greater effects on HARS score and on psychological functioning factor of SAT-P. Combined treatment with IPT was more effective on social functioning factor of SAT-P and on domains domineering or controlling and intrusive or needy of IIP-64.

Conclusions:

Both combined therapies are efficacious in treating major depression in patients with BPD. Differences between CT and IPT concern specific features of subjective QOL and interpersonal problems. These findings lack reliable comparisons and need to be replicated.
Neural Representation of Maternal Face Processing: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Authors: Ramasubbu Rajamannar , Masalovich Svetlana , Peltier Scott , Holtzheimer Paul E , Heim Christine , Mayberg Helen S
Published: January 2017

Objective:

The mother–child relationship may have important implications for emotional development and adult psychopathology. The objective of this study was to examine brain responses to processing maternal faces in healthy adult women.

Methods:

Ten healthy adult female volunteers with adequate early-life maternal care and a normal relationship with their living mothers participated in the study. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine brain responses to pictures of the subject's mother, a close female friend, and 2 age-matched female strangers during passive viewing, valence (emotional), and salience (self-relevance) evaluations.

Results:

The main contrast of mother, compared with all others (that is, friend and older and younger strangers), demonstrated the following: first, significant activation in the left posterior cingulate cortex–precuneus (PCC–Pcu), collapsed across all tasks; second, right ventromedial prefrontal cortex–anterior cingulate cortex (VMPFC–ACC) activation during the valence condition; and third, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activation during the salience condition. In the region-of-interest analyses, the VMPFC–ACC and DLPFC showed significant activations in response to mothers' faces and deactivation in response to control faces. Among the 3 regions, only VMPFC–ACC activity distinguished the unique processing of one's own mother's face from that of a close friend. PCC–Pcu activations demonstrated a graded response (mother > friend > strangers) and, further, demonstrated differential response with respect to mothering style.

Conclusions:

The activation in prefrontal and cingulate cortices related to maternal face processing is consistent with their implicated roles in mother–infant interactions, personal familiarity, and emotional and self-relevant processing. These findings suggest a neural basis for maternal attachment and propose a focus for future studies aimed at investigating the impact of disrupted maternal attachment on emotional development.
Un instrument de mesure des progrès cliniques pour des patients psychotiques violents
Authors: Millaud Frédéric , Auclair Nathalie , Guay Jean-Pierre , McKibben André
Published: January 2017

Objectifs:

La dangerosité des patients psychiatriques est liée à une série de facteurs bien documentés dans la littérature. Afin de mieux documenter l'évolution de la dangerosité de patients psychotiques violents qui souffrent pour la plupart de maladies graves et persistantes, nous avons élaboré un instrument de mesure des progrès en traitement.

Méthode:

L'élaboration de l'instrument s'est appuyée sur les connaissances de la littérature et l'expérience d'une équipe multidisciplinaire.

Résultats:

L'instrument présente une très bonne fidélité interjuges et, après l'avoir employé 5 ans dans une unité de traitement de l'institut Philippe-Pinel, il se révèle facile à utiliser. Cet instrument permet une évaluation systématique des paramètres cliniques importants permettant de valider l'adhésion au traitement et l'évolution des patients au fil des mois. Il met également à profit les observations au quotidien des différents intervenants de l'équipe multidisciplinaire, l'utilisation d'un langage commun pour le patient et le personnel, la transparence de notre travail face aux patients ainsi que l'dentification claire d'une partie importante des objectifs de traitement. Il apporte également un complément précieux à l'évaluation de la dangerosité.

Conclusion:

L'instrument de mesure des progrès cliniques (l'IMPC) est un outil pertinent pour la population spécifique des patients psychotiques violents hospitalisés. Il permet de mieux cerner les progrès thérapeutiques et contribue à préciser la dangerosité dans une perspective évolutive. D'autres versions en vue d'un usage en milieu général et externe sont à prévoir.
Prevalence of Panic Disorder in Cardiac Outpatients
Authors: Morris Amit , Baker Bilan , Devins Gerald M , Shapiro Colin M
Published: January 2017

Objective:

To evaluate outpatients from Toronto-area cardiology clinics for panic disorder (PD) and investigate differences between patients with and without PD.

Method:

Participants were diagnosed using both standard DSM-IV criteria and an altered formulation that identified a more fearful panic group.

Results:

There was a prevalence of panic disorder (12.5%) in cardiac outpatients in keeping with previous studies. Patients with PD did not differ significantly from other patients with regard to the presence of significant heart disease. The higher prevalence of palpitations found in patients who met criteria for PD compared with those who did not reflects previous findings. PD cases did not differ significantly in family history from respondents without the disorder, but the more fearful group did (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

PD often presents with cardiac symptoms, especially palpitations, and is often comorbid with heart disease.
Age and Remission of Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Bland Roger C , Newman Stephen C , Orn Helene
Published: January 2017

Objective:

To examine the relationship between remission of psychiatric disorders and age.

Methods:

We interviewed 3258 randomly selected adult residents of Edmonton using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS), which yielded DIS/DSM-III diagnoses. Remission was defined as being free of symptoms of the index lifetime disorder in the year preceding the interview, this being the difference between the lifetime and one-year prevalence. For each age group, the proportion of cases with and without symptoms in the preceding year was calculated. Numbers and proportions of cases were estimated after adjusting to the census population and weighting for household size. Only the more common disorders were examined; any comorbidities were ignored.

Results:

Drug abuse or dependence, antisocial personality disorder (in both sexes), and alcohol abuse or dependence (in men) all showed remission rates that increased with age. Panic disorder and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) showed a decreased likelihood of remission with increasing age. Major depression and phobias showed little tendency to remission with age. Considering all disorders together, the one-year remission rate for all ages combined was only 33.2%, with a tendency for lower remission rates to be found in those aged 55 to 64.

Conclusions:

As may be expected, antisocial personality, drug abuse or dependence, and alcohol abuse or dependence tend to show increased remission rates with increasing age. In OCD and panic disorder, the low rates of remission found in all age groups indicate that these disorders produce significant long-term morbidity. For depression, which had an overall remission rate of less than 50%, the stable low rate of remission probably indicates not only the difficulties of treatment but also the low rates at which cases get treated.
Use of Health Services for Anxiety Disorders: A Multisite Study in Quebec
Authors: McCusker Jane , Boulenger Jean-Philippe , Boyer Richard , Bellavance François , Miller Jean-Marc
Published: January 2017

Objective:

We investigated patient characteristics and use of services for anxiety disorders among patients seeking care from participating clinicians at 7 anxiety clinics in Quebec: 3 general hospital clinics, 3 psychologist-run clinics, and one psychiatric hospital clinic.

Methods:

Persons eligible for the study were those who were visiting the clinics for the first time, had a current diagnosis of an anxiety disorder, and could communicate in French or English. Subjects recruited through advertisements were excluded. Data, collected by a self-administered questionnaire, included demographics, treatment history, use of services for anxiety, and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI).

Results:

The sample comprised 235 subjects: 146 seen at 3 general hospital clinics, 54 at 3 psychologist-run clinics, and 35 at a psychiatric hospital clinic. There were statistically significant differences by clinic type in the prevalence of specific anxiety diagnoses, BAI score, referral source, antidepressant use, and use of services. High-intensity use (10 or more consultations during the previous year) was reported by 23.4% of the sample for medical services and 19.6% for mental health services. Multiple logistic regression identified variables associated with high-intensity use of medical services (higher BAI score, 1 to 4 years since first sought treatment, and less than 12 years of education) and high-intensity use of mental health services (clinic type, obsessive–compulsive disorder [OCD], and 5 or more years since first sought treatment).

Conclusions:

The patient populations seen at different types of anxiety clinics differ in several respects, including referral source, previous treatment, and severity of symptoms. Regardless of type of clinic, patients with a longer time since they first sought treatment use more services, particularly mental health services. Those with less education use more medical services than those with greater education.
Reliability of the Manitoba Mental Health Management Information System for Research
Authors: Robinson J Renée , Tataryn Douglas J
Published: January 2017

Objectives:

To determine the accuracy of data contained in Manitoba's Mental Health Management Information System (MHMIS) as compared with client charts and to determine which factors influence completeness and accuracy.

Method:

Data on diagnosis, open date and close date, demographic information, and contact information were obtained from client charts and compared with data extracted from the MHMIS. Semistructured interviews were conducted with individuals who contribute data to the MHMIS.

Results:

Data on required demographic variables, primary diagnosis, and open and close dates are highly similar in the 2 sources. The correlation between data sources on the number of client contacts is also good.

Conclusion:

This study establishes the reliability of MHMIS data. MHMIS data, in combination with hospital abstracts and physician claims data, provide the information needed to serve as a psychiatric case register (PCR) and can be used for psychiatric epidemiology as well as for planning, monitoring, and evaluating mental health services.
Boundary Violations and Departments of Psychiatry
Authors: Garfinkel Paul E , Dorian Barbara , Sadavoy Joel , Bagby R Michael
Published: January 2017

Objective:

To explore a number of issues related to boundary violations in psychiatry, including the relationship between the individual physician and his or her patient and broader issues related to various dilemmas arising in academic departments of psychiatry.

Method:

Several potentially troublesome scenarios are presented and discussed in the contexts of 1) the doctor–patient relationship, 2) sexual boundary violations, and 3) nonsexual forms of exploitation, such as finances, confidentiality, dual relationships, and relationships with industry.

Conclusions:

A number of examples of boundary problems involving psychiatrists have been explored, and although some of these behaviours are clearly forbidden and harmful, others are less clear and require careful consideration if the profession is to arrive at a thoughtful consensus.
Risk Assessments for Acute Violence to Third Parties: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Ferris Lorraine E , Sandercock Jane , Hoffman Brian , Silverman Marvin , Barkun Harvey , Carlisle John , Katz Cheryl
Published: January 2017

Objectives:

To provide an overview of risk assessments for acute violence to third parties by combining a clinical and research focus and to offer guidelines to physicians conducting clinical assessments.

Method:

A computerized literature search of the MEDLINE and PSYCHINFO data bases from 1967 to 1996 was completed using the key words violence, aggression, dangerous behaviour, risk, risk assessment, risk factors, and practice guidelines. The search yielded 116 relevant references, 26 of which were original research articles on risk factor identification. A secondary search, based on the citations from the primary search, yielded an additional 8 general discussion articles.

Results:

Risk assessments may be conducted using different methods, although all methods should be systematic and comprehensive. Research shows that risk assessments do have validity for use in short-term prediction and that it is possible to develop clinical guidelines in this area. A combined clinical and research approach holds the most promise for improving the accuracy of probability estimates, and most published guides and tools rely on such a combination.

Conclusions:

Risk assessments are an important and necessary part of the clinical examination. Because this field has sufficiently evolved, there is abundant literature to refer to when determining what constitutes an acceptable assessment for risk of violence to third parties and when it is appropriate to conduct such an examination.
Suicide Attempts among Turkish Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Coşar B , Koçal N , Arikan Z , Işik E
Published: January 2017

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to investigate the sociodemographic characteristics of those who attempt suicide in an Islamic country, the effect of religion on suicide attempts, and the frequency of DSM-III-R diagnoses in suicide attempters referred to the Gazi Medical School Psychiatry Department.

Method:

Medical records of 185 cases of suicide attempts were reviewed.

Results:

There was a predominance of single, female subjects. Students, housewives, and employees represented the 3 largest groups. Drug overdose was the most common method of suicide attempt, and the most common DSM-III-R diagnosis was depression. The rate of repetition of suicide attempt was 43.3%.

Conclusion:

Suicide is one of the major problems among Turkish psychiatric patients, although the Islamic religion strongly disapproves of it.
The Trauma of the Routine
Authors: Onwuachi-Willig Angela
Published: January 2017

Cultural traumas are socially mediated processes that occur when groups endure horrific events that forever change their consciousness and identity. According to cultural sociologists, these traumas arise out of shocks to the routine or the taken for granted. Understanding such traumas is critical for developing solutions that can address group suffering. Using the African American community’s response to the not guilty verdict in the Emmett Till murder trial as a case study, this article extends cultural trauma theory by explicating how cultural traumas can arise not only when routines are disrupted but also when they are maintained and reaffirmed in a public or official manner. In so doing, this article analyzes the interplay between the history or accumulation of the “routine” harm at issue, the shocking or unusual occurrences that frequently precede such “routine” harms, the harm itself, and public discourse about such harm’s meaning in cultivating a cultural trauma narrative.
Seamless Face-Lift with Aptos Thread: The Belo Medical Group Experience
Authors: Belo V. G. , Buse E. B. , Cayetano R. J. , Flores M. A.
Published: January 2017

Introduction:

Aging is manifested on the face as loss of normal volume and contour in all dimensions. The classic methods of face lifting normally leave unsightly scars, especially on Asian skin. In 1999, M. A. Sulamanidze used Aptos thread to lift soft tissue in both the subcutaneous muscular aponeurotic system and in the supraorbital area, restoring the normal contours of the face with excellent results. Aptos threads are polypropelene sutures with dents or cogs along their surface. Here, we present the results of a study using the device introduced by Sulamanidze on patients in the Belo Medical Group.

Materials and Methods:

Our study group consisted of 257 patients ranging in age from 28 to 73 years. Women made up 91.5% of the population. The population was 98% Asian. From November 2002 to November 2003, surgical procedures using Aptos threads were performed on 257 patients, and 27 patients had additional procedures at the same time.

Results:

The immediate postoperative period was mostly uneventful. Most cases showed excellent improvement in the ptotic tissues. In 9 cases (3.5% of patients) a “blue pimple” was observed 2–3 weeks postoperatively. These were noted to be thread edges sticking out of the skin and required minimal trimming. In 1 case, the patient developed persistent infection at the puncture site. Wound exploration and removal of implanted thread was performed and antibiotics were shifted to a broader spectrum, which addressed the problem quickly. Five cases (1.9%) required unilateral or bilateral implantation of additional threads.

Discussion:

The earliest outcome was seen on the operating table. Rehabilitation time was as short as 5–7 days and, if patients comply with elementary recommendations (abstaining from abrupt mimicking and chewing movements, avoiding facial massages for 2–3 weeks), the lifting effect is expected to remain for a considerable length of time.

Conclusion:

Using the Aptos thread technique was as successful in treating facial ptosis in 257 patients at The Belo Medical Group facility as it was in the Russian study. It proved to be a simple, quick, safe, conservative, and time-saving procedure that did minimal tissue damage and left no visible scars, even on Asian skin.
The Use of Autologous Fat Transplantation to Remedy the Iatrogenic Lipoatrophic Effect of Tissue Expanders
Authors: Roomi Riad
Published: January 2017

Introduction:

Tissue expanders have become a popular modality in plastic and cosmetic surgery. Many victims of burns and severe trauma, premalignant lesions, congenital malformations, unwanted or regretted tattoos over large areas, women undergoing postmastectomy breast reconstruction, or men with extensive male-pattern alopecia may seek treatments that use tissue-expansion techniques. Tissue expansion has been an excellent tool for expanding normal skin to provide good quality, cosmetically appealing, full-thickness skin coverage of defective areas. However, like most treatment modalities, tissue expanders have some undesired pitfalls, sequelae, and complications associated with their use. We used autologous fat transplantation to remedy asymmetrical arm circumference after skin expansion on one arm and report our results in this case report.

Case Report and Procedure:

The patient is a 16-year-old female who presented with a congenital hairy nevus measuring 6.5 × 5.5 cm in the middle part of the posterolateral aspect of her left arm. Treatment included the use of tissue expanders, followed by excision of the nevus to treat the area. After the treatment, the patient complained that her left arm had become thinner than the right. Circumference of both arms measured at symmetrical points revealed a variance of 3 cm. Autologous fat transplant surgery, with a slight overcorrection that was expected to reduce over time, was offered as a solution.

Conclusions:

Autologous fat transplantation can be used as an adjunct to tissue expansion to fill the lipo-atrophic defects that may result from tissue expansion.

Results:

Postoperative follow up revealed sound healing of the wound. Her left arm circumference decreased over the following 6 weeks postoperatively (the overcorrection). The final result was symmetrical arms, both visually and numerically.
Clinical Evaluation of a Device for the Treatment of Cellulite: Triactive
Authors: Boyce Sarah , Pabby Anju , Chuchaltkaren Prapai , Brazzini Benedetta , Goldman Mitchel P.
Published: January 2017

Introduction:

Cellulite has always been a difficult condition for patients and cosmetic physicians to treat. Even if improvement is made in the appearance of cellulite, no machine or topical treatment exists that can provide long-term results in the treatment of cellulite. We evaluated a technique that increases lymphatic drainage and vascular permeation to assist in decreasing the appearance of cellulite.

Materials and Methods:

Sixteen female patients underwent 12 treatments with a device called Triactive, which has a triple-pronged mechanism of action consisting of low-level suction, diode laser, and contact cooling. We measured results by waist, hip, and thigh circumference as well as elasticity, thermography, and blinded photograph evaluations.

Results:

We found a small decrease in hip and thigh circumference as well as an increase in elasticity of the treated cellulite. Evaluation of the photographs yielded an overall 21% average improvement in the appearance of cellulite. There was no change in thermography data after treatments. Results were not present at 1 month.

Discussion:

The Triactive offers a method to temporarily decrease the appearance of cellulite. It appears that treatments must be continued to maintain results. Further study and larger patient groups are needed before this treatment can be recommended above other available treatments.
Facial Rejuvenation with Barbed Sutures: A Retrospective Analysis of Technique and Results
Authors: Haiavy Jacob , Leventhal Marc S.
Published: January 2017

Introduction:

In the last thirty years, various techniques of face-lifting have been developed. Many of these operations require a long recovery. With the increased public awareness of cosmetic surgery, the demand for effective procedures with minimal downtime and quicker recovery is on the rise. We set out to examine a technique of facial rejuvenation with barbed sutures, originally described by Dr M.A. Sulamanidze, and its effectiveness.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty-seven patients were treated with the APTOS sutures for facial ptosis from May 2002 to October 2003. The patients were followed for 3 to 28 months. The areas treated were the brows, cheeks, jowls and neck. Digital images were taken at each preoperative and postoperative visit. Almost all of the cases (25 of 27) were performed under local anesthesia. The results were evaluated at each postoperative visit by the patients and the surgeons.

Results:

Two hundred and eighty-two sutures were placed in the 27 patients. The malar area was the most commonly treated (88.9% of patients) section of the face. The brows and jowls were the second most common area of treatment (40.7%). The neck was the least common area of treatment (29.6%). The patients' mean age was 50.9 years. The average follow-up time was 18.6 months. The results were evaluated by the patients and the surgeons based on a subjective rating of improvement when compared to the preoperation pictures in the specific area of treatment. Overall patient improvement rating was highest in the malar region, at 55%, compared to a doctor improvement rating of 40%. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the patient's perceived degree of improvement was directly correlated (P < 0.01) with the patient's overall satisfaction. The most common reason for dissatisfaction was patient disappointment with longevity of results. Complications encountered during the study were suture extrusion, bruising, pain, asymmetry, dimpling of skin, and visible suture tracts.

Conclusions:

Placement of barbed sutures into the soft tissues of the face for facial lifting is a developing technique. The APTOS lift, as advocated by Dr Sulamanidze, is a limited procedure that is indicated primarily in patients with mild to moderate ptosis who are seeking a subtle improvement in their appearance that is temporary and requires minimal downtime. It is not a replacement for a facelift. When patients are properly informed and educated about the benefits and limitations of this procedure, the chances that they will be satisfied is much higher.
Reconstruction of Gynaecomastia Excision Defect: A Case Report
Authors: Thomas Mohan , D'Silva James Allen , Padubidri Ramesh , Menon Hari
Published: January 2017

Introduction:

Gynaecomastia is a condition of persistent enlargement of the male breast that can be addressed by liposuction alone in many cases. Open surgical excision, which was widely practiced in previous years, can lead to unattractive “saucer” deformity if care is not taken. Here we present a case of similar deformity treated with a dermafat graft giving a satisfactory result. A review of relevant literature is also presented.

Materials and Methods:

A 28-year-old patient with a saucer-shaped defect after open resection of gynaecomastia was treated with a combination of dermafat graft and fat injection to restore contour. The details of the procedure are presented.

Results:

Evaluation at 1 month after surgery shows a good result with adequate filling of the defect blending well with surrounding areas and restoration of normal contour.

Discussion:

Dermafat grafts and fat injections are frequently used for correction of facial defects and volume loss and can be used equally successfully in other parts of the body. Combining the 2 procedures gives better results in properly selected cases.
Treatment of Internal Nasal Valve Collapse with Radiesse (CaHA) Injection Spreader Grafting
Authors: Nyte Christopher P. , Mangubat E. Antonio
Published: January 2017

Introduction:

Nasal obstruction secondary to internal nasal valve (INV) collapse is a well-described condition. Symptoms of INV collapse include chronic nasal congestion, nasal airway obstruction, snoring, and difficulty obtaining restful sleep. The authors report the use of calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) injection as a spreader graft to improve nasal airway patency in patients experiencing INV collapse.

Materials and Methods:

Of 12 patients enrolled in the study, 6 patients completed follow-up and are the subject of this report. They were evaluated and found to have bilateral INV collapse resulting in nasal obstruction. A total of 12 sides were injected with small aliquots of CaHA, also known as Radiesse. Injections were directed into the INV at the junction of the upper lateral cartilage and the dorsal septum until nasal obstruction was relieved and INV angles were visually increased. Biopsy of the CaHA spreader graft was undertaken for histologic evaluation in 1 patient who underwent elective cosmetic rhinoplasty. Each patient completed subjective nasal airway patency questionnaires documenting their degree of perceived nasal obstruction before the CaHA spreader graft and at the 3-month follow-up.

Results:

All 6 patients experienced immediate subjective relief of their nasal obstruction with the CaHA spreader graft. Immediate posttreatment INV angles were visually widened at rest and during inspiration. At the 3-month follow-up, the improvement in the INV angles remained for all 6 patients. In addition, the subjective nasal airway patency evaluations universally correlated with the observed changes, and high patient satisfaction was preserved. Histologic findings for 1 patient revealed fibrous tissue with few foreign body giant cells.

Discussion:

Use of CaHA spreader graft injection to relieve nasal obstruction because of INV collapse appears to be a reasonable nonsurgical alternative. Long-term studies are ongoing.
Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Utilized to Promote Greater Graft Volume Retention in Autologous Fat Grafting
Authors: Sadati Kevin S. , Corrado Anthony C. , Alexander Robert W.
Published: January 2017

Objectives:

Autologous fat theoretically provides one of the most ideal mediums for soft-tissue augmentation and reconstruction, although its clinical applications have been marked with skepticism because of its documented unreliable survival. Over the years, numerous unsuccessful efforts have set forth to elucidate modifications in the application process of autologous fat grafts to allow the medium greater clinical predictability. This study aims to investigate the effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on autologous fat grafts when used in conjunction with each other in soft tissue augmentation and reconstruction.

Study Design:

Retrospective review, over a 30-month period, of consecutive patients with results greater than 6 months in duration.

Methods:

This study is based on clinical experiences representing 2033 grafts in 448 consecutive patients using PRP additives and in the previous 132 patients who had syringe harvest without use of PRP. All PRP isolates were harvested via the Smart Prep system. Harvest and augmentation techniques are discussed and representative results are presented.

Results:

Results were based on clinical observations and patient satisfaction. Of the 580 patients in the experimental group, essentially all showed greater graft volume retention over extended time intervals compared with control subjects (nongraft areas). Patients in the PRP-added experimental group displayed less postoperative ecchymosis and edema, which also led to greater patient satisfaction in this group.

Conclusion:

Adding PRP to autologous fat aids in graft volume retention and survival when used clinically for soft-tissue augmentation and reconstruction.