bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of STEM High Schools in Reducing Gaps in Science and Mathematics Coursetaking: Evidence from North Carolina
Authors: Glennie Elizabeth , Mason Marcinda , Dalton B
Published: March 2016

Some states have created science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) schools to encourage student interest and enhance student proficiency in STEM subjects. We examined a set of STEM schools serving disadvantaged students to see whether these students were more likely to take and pass advanced science and mathematics classes than their peers in traditional schools. Although some gaps in STEM coursetaking persist, economically disadvantaged and underrepresented minority students in STEM schools are more likely to take and pass these classes than their peers in non-STEM schools. Compared with non-STEM schools, the STEM schools have smaller gaps in advanced science and mathematics coursetaking and passing between disadvantaged and nondisadvantaged students.
The impact of traffic flow structure on traffic safety: the case of Slovenian motorways
Authors: Zanne Marina , Groznik Aleš
Published: March 2016

Road traffic accident is an accident on a public road in which at least one moving vehicle has been involved and material damage or injury or death has occurred. Traffic accidents occur for various reasons, with one of them being the transport infrastructure and next the condition of traffic environment. Motorways are considered to be the safest roads, which have initially been planned as dedicated roads intended to be travelled only by personal cars, but the evolution of modal split of freight transport in Europe is causing the heterogeneity of traffic flows on these roads, which consequently affects the traffic safety. The aim of this paper is to explore the effects of changing volume and structure of traffic flows on road safety on Slovenian motorways. After the exhaustive analysis of past data, the paper provides different models for forecasting traffic safety on Slovenian motorways.
An Octopus and a circle at the basis of a framework for the evaluation of sustainable mobility
Authors: Sioui Louiselle , Morency Catherine , Verreault Hubert
Published: March 2016

Worldwide, transportation authorities are keen to implement sustainable development measures and to move toward a more sustainable mobility for people and goods. However, this implementation entails a rise in the need for a sustainable development assessment framework for mobility, in order to compare different projects or to monitor a given area. This paper addresses the issue of conceptualization and standardization of the evaluation of sustainable development in transportation, by proposing a framework, which seeks to meet the various needs of transportation planners. This framework aims to provide an exhaustive view of the sustainability features (through its three main dimensions), as well as to clarify the concept of sustainability in transportation by embedding links between actions and impacts. This paper presents the basis of the framework developed as an interactive tool: (1) a representation named ‘Octopus’ categorizing the impact of mobility on the three dimensions of sustainable development and (2) a circular representation, named ‘Causal circle’, which integrates causal links between actions and impacts on these same dimensions.
KEPLER ECLIPSING BINARY STARS. VIII. IDENTIFICATION OF FALSE POSITIVE ECLIPSING BINARIES AND RE-EXTRACTION OF NEW LIGHT CURVES
Authors: Abdul-Masih Michael , Prša Andrej , Conroy Kyle , Bloemen Steven , Boyajian Tabetha , Doyle Laurance R. , Johnston Cole , Kostov Veselin , Latham David W. , Matijevič Gal , Shporer Avi , Southworth John
Published: March 2016

The Kepler mission has provided unprecedented, nearly continuous photometric data of ∼200,000 objects in the ∼105 deg2 field of view (FOV) from the beginning of science operations in May of 2009 until the loss of the second reaction wheel in May of 2013. The Kepler Eclipsing Binary Catalog contains information including but not limited to ephemerides, stellar parameters, and analytical approximation fits for every known eclipsing binary system in the Kepler FOV. Using target pixel level data collected from Kepler in conjunction with the Kepler Eclipsing Binary Catalog, we identify false positives among eclipsing binaries, i.e., targets that are not eclipsing binaries themselves, but are instead contaminated by eclipsing binary sources nearby on the sky and show eclipsing binary signatures in their light curves. We present methods for identifying these false positives and for extracting new light curves for the true source of the observed binary signal. For each source, we extract three separate light curves for each quarter of available data by optimizing the signal-to-noise ratio, the relative percent eclipse depth, and the flux eclipse depth. We present 289 new eclipsing binaries in the Kepler FOV that were not targets for observation, and these have been added to the catalog. An online version of this catalog with downloadable content and visualization tools is maintained at http://keplerEBs.villanova.edu.
WHERE ARE MOST OF THE GLOBULAR CLUSTERS IN TODAY’S UNIVERSE?
Authors: Harris William E.
Published: March 2016

The total number of globular clusters (GCs) in a galaxy rises continuously with the galaxy luminosity L, while the relative number of galaxies decreases with L following the Schechter function. The product of these two very nonlinear functions gives the relative number of GCs contained by all galaxies at a given L. It is shown that GCs, in this universal sense, are most commonly found in galaxies within a narrow range around L
⋆. In addition, blue (metal-poor) GCs outnumber the red (metal-richer) ones globally by 4 to 1 when all galaxies are added, pointing to the conclusion that the earliest stages of galaxy formation were especially favorable to forming massive, dense star clusters.
A GLOBAL CORRECTION TO PPMXL PROPER MOTIONS
Authors: Vickers John J. , Röser Siegfried , Grebel Eva K.
Published: March 2016

In this paper we note that extragalactic sources seem to have non-zero proper motions in the PPMXL proper motion catalog. We collect a large, all sky sample of extragalactic objects and fit their reported PPMXL proper motions to an ensemble of spherical harmonics in magnitude shells. A magnitude-dependent proper motion correction is thus constructed. This correction is applied to a set of fundamental radio sources, quasars, and is compared to similar corrections to assess its utility. We publish, along with this paper, a code that can be used to correct proper motions in the PPMXL catalog over the full sky; this code requires Two Micron All Sky Survey photometry.
POINT SOURCE POLARIMETRY WITH THE GEMINI PLANET IMAGER: SENSITIVITY CHARACTERIZATION WITH T5.5 DWARF COMPANION HD 19467 B
Authors: Jensen-Clem Rebecca , Millar-Blanchaer Max , Mawet Dimitri , Graham James R. , Wallace J. Kent , Macintosh Bruce , Hinkley Sasha , Wiktorowicz Sloane J. , Perrin Marshall D. , Marley Mark S. , Fitzgerald Michael P. , Oppenheimer Rebecca , Ammons S. Mark , Rantakyrö Fredrik T. , Marchis Franck
Published: March 2016

Detecting polarized light from self-luminous exoplanets has the potential to provide key information about rotation, surface gravity, cloud grain size, and cloud coverage. While field brown dwarfs with detected polarized emission are common, no exoplanet or substellar companion has yet been detected in polarized light. With the advent of high contrast imaging spectro-polarimeters such as GPI and SPHERE, such a detection may now be possible with careful treatment of instrumental polarization. In this paper, we present 28 minutes of H-band GPI polarimetric observations of the benchmark T5.5 companion HD 19467 B. We detect no polarization signal from the target, and place an upper limit on the degree of linear polarization of

. We discuss our results in the context of T dwarf cloud models and photometric variability.
OPTIMIZING GLOBAL CORONAL MAGNETIC FIELD MODELS USING IMAGE-BASED CONSTRAINTS
Authors: Jones Shaela I. , Davila Joseph M. , Uritsky Vadim
Published: March 2016

The coronal magnetic field directly or indirectly affects a majority of the phenomena studied in the heliosphere. It provides energy for coronal heating, controls the release of coronal mass ejections, and drives heliospheric and magnetospheric activity, yet the coronal magnetic field itself has proven difficult to measure. This difficulty has prompted a decades-long effort to develop accurate, timely, models of the field—an effort that continues today. We have developed a method for improving global coronal magnetic field models by incorporating the type of morphological constraints that could be derived from coronal images. Here we report promising initial tests of this approach on two theoretical problems, and discuss opportunities for application.
PHOTOMETRIC AND SPECTROSCOPIC FOOTPRINT CORRECTIONS IN THE SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY’S 6TH DATA RELEASE
Authors: Specian Mike A. , Szalay Alex S.
Published: March 2016

We identify and correct numerous errors within the photometric and spectroscopic footprints (SFs) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey’s (SDSS) 6th data release (DR6). Within the SDSS’s boundaries hundreds of millions of objects have been detected. Yet we present evidence that the boundaries themselves contain a significant number of mistakes that are being revealed for the first time within this paper. Left unaddressed, these can introduce systematic biases into galaxy clustering statistics. Using the DR6 Main Galaxy Sample (MGS) targets as tracers, we reveal inconsistencies between the photometric and SF definitions provided in the Catalog Archive Server (CAS), and the measurements of targets therein. First, we find that 19.7 deg2 of the DR6 photometric footprint are devoid of MGS targets. In volumes of radii 7

, this can cause errors in the expected number of galaxies to exceed 60%. Second, we identify seven areas that were erroneously included or excluded from the SF. Moreover, the tiling algorithm that positioned spectroscopic fibers during and between DRs caused many areas along the edge of the SF to be significantly undersampled relative to the footprint’s interior. Through our corrections, we increase the completeness 2.2% by trimming 3.6% of the area from the existing SF. The sum total of these efforts has generated the most accurate description of the SDSS DR6 footprints ever created.
ALMA IMAGING OF THE CO (6-5) LINE EMISSION IN NGC 7130*
Authors: Zhao (赵应和) Yinghe , Lu Nanyao , Xu C. Kevin , Gao (高煜) Yu , Barcos-Munõz Loreto , Díaz-Santos Tanio , Appleton Philip , Charmandaris Vassilis , Armus Lee , van der Werf Paul , Evans Aaron , Cao Chen , Inami Hanae , Murphy Eric
Published: March 2016

In this paper, we report our high-resolution (0.″20 × 0.″14 or ∼70 × 49 pc) observations of the CO(6-5) line emission, which probes warm and dense molecular gas, and the 434 μm dust continuum in the nuclear region of NGC 7130, obtained with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA). The CO line and dust continuum fluxes detected in our ALMA observations are 1230 ± 74 Jy km s−1 and 814 ± 52 mJy, respectively, which account for 100% and 51% of their total fluxes. We find that the CO(6-5) and dust emissions are generally spatially correlated, but their brightest peaks show an offset of ∼70 pc, suggesting that the gas and dust emissions may start decoupling at this physical scale. The brightest peak of the CO(6-5) emission does not spatially correspond to the radio continuum peak, which is likely dominated by an active galactic nucleus (AGN). This, together with our additional quantitative analysis, suggests that the heating contribution of the AGN to the CO(6-5) emission in NGC 7130 is negligible. The CO(6-5) and the extinction-corrected Pa-α maps display striking differences, suggestive of either a breakdown of the correlation between warm dense gas and star formation at linear scales of <100 pc or a large uncertainty in our extinction correction to the observed Pa-α image. Over a larger scale of ∼2.1 kpc, the double-lobed structure found in the CO(6-5) emission agrees well with the dust lanes in the optical/near-infrared images.
KIM 3: AN ULTRA-FAINT STAR CLUSTER IN THE CONSTELLATION OF CENTAURUS
Authors: Kim Dongwon , Jerjen Helmut , Mackey Dougal , Da Costa Gary S. , Milone Antonino P.
Published: March 2016

We report the discovery of an ultra-faint star cluster in the constellation of Centaurus. This new stellar system, Kim 3, features a half-light radius of

pc and a total luminosity of M

V
 = +0.7 ± 0.3. Approximately 26 stars are identified as candidate member stars down to four magnitudes below the main-sequence turn-off, which makes Kim 3 the least luminous star cluster known to date. The compact physical size and extreme low luminosity place it close to faint star clusters in the size–luminosity plane. The stellar population of Kim 3 appears to be relatively young (

Gyr) and metal-poor ([Fe/H]

) at a heliocentric distance of

kpc. The cluster lacks a well-defined center, and a small but prominent group of stars consistent with the Kim 3 isochrone is present approximately 9.7 pc in projection south of the cluster center. Both are signs of the cluster being in the final stage of tidal disruption.
CAUGHT IN THE ACT: GAS AND STELLAR VELOCITY DISPERSIONS IN A FAST QUENCHING COMPACT STAR-FORMING GALAXY AT z ∼ 1.7
Authors: Barro Guillermo , Faber Sandra M. , Dekel Avishai , Pacifici Camilla , Pérez-González Pablo G. , Toloba Elisa , Koo David C. , Trump Jonathan R. , Inoue Shigeki , Guo Yicheng , Liu Fengshan , Primack Joel R. , Koekemoer Anton M. , Brammer Gabriel , Cava Antonio , Cardiel Nicolas , Ceverino Daniel , Eliche Carmen , Fang Jerome J. , Finkelstein Steven L. , Kocevski Dale D. , Livermore Rachael C. , McGrath Elizabeth
Published: March 2016

We present Keck I MOSFIRE spectroscopy in the Y and H bands of GDN-8231, a massive, compact, star-forming galaxy at a redshift of z ∼ 1.7. Its spectrum reveals both Hα and [N ii] emission lines and strong Balmer absorption lines. The Hα and Spitzer MIPS 24 μm fluxes are both weak, thus indicating a low star-formation rate of SFR 

yr−1. This, added to a relatively young age of ∼700 Myr measured from the absorption lines, provides the first direct evidence for a distant galaxy being caught in the act of rapidly shutting down its star formation. Such quenching allows GDN-8231 to become a compact, quiescent galaxy, similar to three other galaxies in our sample, by z ∼ 1.5. Moreover, the color profile of GDN-8231 shows a bluer center, consistent with the predictions of recent simulations for an early phase of inside-out quenching. Its line-of-sight velocity dispersion for the gas,

 = 127 ± 32 km s−1, is nearly 40% smaller than that of its stars,

 = 215 ± 35 km s−1. High-resolution hydro-simulations of galaxies explain such apparently colder gas kinematics of up to a factor of ∼1.5 with rotating disks being viewed at different inclinations and/or centrally concentrated star-forming regions. A clear prediction is that their compact, quiescent descendants preserve some remnant rotation from their star-forming progenitors.
SUBARCSECOND ANALYSIS OF THE INFALLING–ROTATING ENVELOPE AROUND THE CLASS I PROTOSTAR IRAS 04365+2535
Authors: Sakai Nami , Oya Yoko , López-Sepulcre Ana , Watanabe Yoshimasa , Sakai Takeshi , Hirota Tomoya , Aikawa Yuri , Ceccarelli Cecilia , Lefloch Bertrand , Caux Emmanuel , Vastel Charlotte , Kahane Claudine , Yamamoto Satoshi
Published: March 2016

Subarcsecond images of the rotational line emission of CS and SO have been obtained toward the Class I protostar IRAS 04365+2535 in TMC-1A with ALMA. A compact component around the protostar is clearly detected in the CS and SO emission. The velocity structure of the compact component of CS reveals infalling–rotating motion conserving the angular momentum. It is well explained by a ballistic model of an infalling–rotating envelope with the radius of the centrifugal barrier (one-half of the centrifugal radius) of 50 au, although the distribution of the infalling gas is asymmetric around the protostar. The distribution of SO is mostly concentrated around the radius of the centrifugal barrier of the simple model. Thus, a drastic change in chemical composition of the gas infalling onto the protostar is found to occur at a 50 au scale probably due to accretion shocks, demonstrating that the infalling material is significantly processed before being delivered into the disk.
A qualitative multi-attribute model for the selection of the private hydropower plant investments in Turkey: By foundation of the search results clustering engine (Carrot2), hydropower plant clustering, DEXi and DEXiTree
Authors: Omer Saracoglu Burak
Published: March 2016

Purpose: The electricity demand in Turkey has been increasing for a while. Hydropower is one of the major electricity generation types to compensate this electricity demand in Turkey. Private investors (domestic and foreign) in the hydropower electricity generation sector have been looking for the most appropriate and satisfactory new private hydropower investment (PHPI) options and opportunities in Turkey. This study aims to present a qualitative multi-attribute decision making (MADM) model, that is easy, straightforward, and fast for the selection of the most satisfactory reasonable PHPI options during the very early investment stages (data and information poorness on projects).Design/methodology/approach: The data and information of the PHPI options was gathered from the official records on the official websites. A wide and deep literature review was conducted for the MADM models and for the hydropower industry. The attributes of the model were identified, selected, clustered and evaluated by the expert decision maker (EDM) opinion and by help of an open source search results clustering engine (Carrot2) (helpful for also comprehension). The PHPI options were clustered according to their installed capacities main property to analyze the options in the most appropriate, decidable, informative, understandable and meaningful way. A simple clustering algorithm for the PHPI options was executed in the current study. A template model for the selection of the most satisfactory PHPI options was built in the DEXi (Decision EXpert for Education) and the DEXiTree software.Findings: The basic attributes for the selection of the PHPI options were presented and afterwards the aggregate attributes were defined by the bottom-up structuring for the early investment stages. The attributes were also analyzed by help of Carrot2. The most satisfactory PHPI options in Turkey in the big options data set were selected for each PHPI options cluster by the EDM evaluations in the DEXi.Originality/value: The recommended DEXi PHPI selection model by the search results clustering engine within a country wise case offered the possibility of easy, meaningful and satisfying continental or worldwide applications for the private investors and the international financial institutions such as the African Development Bank, or the World Bank was the main contribution.
A way for reducing drug supply chain cost for a hospital district: A case study
Authors: Postacchini Leonardo , Ciarapica Filippo Emanuele , Bevilacqua Maurizio , Mazzuto Giovanni , Paciarotti Claudia
Published: March 2016

Purpose: This work aims at providing insights to optimise healthcare logistic of the drug management, in order to deal with the healthcare expenditure cut. In this paper the effects of different drug supply chain configurations, on the resulting average stock, service level and Bullwhip effect, of the studied supply chain, is quantitatively assessed. Design/methodology/approach: A case study of an Italian district has been studied, taking into account three echelons: suppliers, central stock, and hospitals. A model of the various supply chain configurations has been created with the use of the simulation. Specifically, 24 supply chain configurations have been examined, stemming from the combination of several supply chain design parameters, namely: transshipment policies (Emergency Lateral Transshipment or Total Inventory Equalization); re-order and inventory management policies (Economic Order Quantity or Economic Order Interval); required service levels (90% or 95%); the number of available vans (one or two). For each configuration, hospital average stock, service level and a “Bullwhip effect” analysis are computed. To know which input variables are statistically significant, a DoE (Design of Experiments) analysis has been executed. Findings: The output of this paper provides useful insights and suggestions to optimize the healthcare logistic and drug supply chain. According to the developed DoE analysis, it can be stated that the introduction of transshipment policies provides important improvement in terms of service and stock levels. To reduce the Bullwhip effect, which results in a service level decreasing, and in a managing stock costs increasing, it is worth to adopt an EOQ re-order policy. Practical implications: This research gives practical recommendations to the studied system, in order to reduce costs and maintain a very satisfactory service level. Originality/value: This paper fulfils an identified need to study which combination of transshipment policies, re-order/inventory management policies and required service levels, can be the best one to reduce costs and maintain a very satisfactory service level, in the specific logistic system.
Dynamic Priority Scheduling of Critical Data in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Viswanathan Arvind , Murthy Garimella Rama , Chilamkurti Naveen
Published: March 2016

In the unlicensed band, the notion of primary user and secondary user (to implement cognitive radio) is not explicit. By dynamic priority assignment we propose to implement cognitive radio in the unlicensed band. In time critical events, the data which is most important, has to be given the time slots. Wireless Sensor nodes in our case are considered to be mobile, and hence make it difficult to prioritize one over another. A node may be out of the reach of the cluster head or base station by the time it is allotted a time slot and hence mobility is a constraint. With the data changing dynamically and factors such as energy and mobility, which are major constraints, assigning priority to the nodes becomes difficult. In this chapter, we have discussed how Wireless Sensor Networks are able to allocate priorities to nodes in the unlicensed band with multiple parameters being posed. We have done simulations on NS-2 and have shown the implementation results.
A P2P Home-Box Overlay for Efficient Content Distribution
Authors: Markakis Evangelos , Negru Daniel , Bruneau-Queyreix Joachim , Pallis Evangelos , Mastorakis George , Mavromoustakis Constandinos X.
Published: March 2016

The overlay networks composed of residential gateways (i.e. home-box) leverage their storage and upload capacity to achieve scalable and cost-efficient content distribution. In this chapter, we present the architecture of the home-box overlay for video on demand services, with the network-aware request redirection and content caching strategy that optimizes the resource usage at both network and client side, for reducing the overall distribution cost. The proposed system is compared with existing solutions through comprehensive simulations. The results demonstrate the advantage of network-aware and popularity-based caching strategy, with reduced the overall cost of the VoD services.
Blogging Their Way Out of Disadvantage
Authors: Coleman Amelia Rose
Published: March 2016

The ways that blogs are used to improve the lot of the disenfranchised is an area that is increasingly gaining research traction. This chapter presents a literature review of the recent literature in to the ways that minority groups are using blogs to tell their story to a wide audience. It looks at the ways that human rights bloggers have used Web 2.0 platforms to express themselves. It then applies Foucault's (1988) work on self-expression to other groups who are also heavy users of blogs to express themselves in new ways. The chapter looks at poverty, at those who identify as LGBTIQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex and queer) and women. It suggests that there is much research that still needs to be undertaken to properly examine the role of blogs in the lives of increasing numbers of groups who are not able to express themselves in mainstream media, and to explore the ways that these blogs render mainstream media irrelevant in connected times.
Pure Land UNWIRED
Authors: Greuter Stefan , Kenderdine Sarah , Shaw Jeffrey
Published: March 2016

The Mogao Grottoes located in Gansu Province of north-western China consist of 492 cells and cave sanctuaries carved into the cliffs above the Dachuan River in Mogao. A UNESCO World Heritage Site, they comprise the largest, most richly endowed, and oldest treasure house of Buddhist art in the world. However, for preservation and conservation reasons most of the caves are now closed to the public. This chapter discusses the range of technologies currently available for the virtual representation of Cave 220, just one of the many caves located at this site. In particular, the chapter focuses on the latest prototype, developed by the authors called Pure Land UNWIRED which uses a virtual reality platform specifically designed for a unique single user full-body immersive virtual reality experience. The discussion includes technical and evaluative analysis of this prototype.
The Scholar's Ludo-Narrative Game and Multimodal Graphic Novel
Authors: Dunne Daniel J.
Published: March 2016

Current discussions within videogames focus on the ways in which gameplay or narrative can be analysed by themselves, and rarely as a collaborative effort to explore a text. Although there have been a number of alternative approaches to this debate, none have succeeded in becoming prevalent within the field. This contrasts greatly with the study of graphic novels in relation to the application of multimodal analysis. In this field, discussion about the interplay between the mode of the image and the mode of the written text are more frequent. This textual analysis takes into account the two modes to focus on their collaborative effects in how the graphic novel can be understood. This chapter suggests that current videogame scholarship can benefit from pre-existing multimodal discussion that exists within graphic novels.
The Holon/Parton Theory of the Unit of Culture (or the Meme, and Narreme)
Authors: Velikovsky J. T.
Published: March 2016

A universal problem in the disciplines of communication, creativity, philosophy, biology, psychology, sociology, anthropology, archaeology, history, linguistics, information science, cultural studies, literature, media and other domains of knowledge in both the arts and sciences has been the definition of ‘culture' (see Kroeber & Kluckhohn, 1952; Baldwin et al., 2006), including the specification of ‘the unit of culture', and, mechanisms of culture. This chapter proposes a theory of the unit of culture, or, the ‘meme' (Dawkins, 1976; Dennett, 1995; Blackmore, 1999), a unit which is also the narreme (Barthes, 1966), or ‘unit of story', or ‘unit of narrative'. The holon/parton theory of the unit of culture (Velikovsky, 2014) is a consilient (Wilson, 1998) synthesis of (Koestler, 1964, 1967, 1978) and Feynman (1975, 2005) and also the Evolutionary Systems Theory model of creativity (Csikszentmihalyi, 1988-2014; Simonton, 1984-2014). This theory of the unit of culture potentially has applications across all creative cultural domains and disciplines in the sciences, arts and communication media.
Discovering Art using Technology
Authors: Dingli Alexiei , Seychell Dylan , Briffa Vince
Published: March 2016

The Selfie project was not only inspired by the long history of the self-portrait, but also intended to create a genealogy between the self-portraits of masters from the Modern art era and the selfie. The project, designed as a walkthrough experience, consisted of three major engagement areas. On entering the space, children were directed into a ‘transformation' area – a typical theatrical wardrobe, where they could dress up in a variety of costumes, including hats and wigs. Once garbed, children were given smart phones and led to the area where they could take a selfie with a celebrity such as Gauguin, Cézanne, Monet, Van Gogh, Modigliani and Munch. Finally, they could manipulate the selfie using gesture-based technology and post it online. The attraction proved to be extremely popular and the children who participated were extremely satisfied with the experience.
Triggering the Flotsam of Behavior
Authors: Wright Judson
Published: March 2016

As computer artists, we might ask: can the computer serve as the artist or a proxy thereof? There seems no possible conclusive answer to this. Rather, we approach this question from a different angle: Why do humans make artifacts/praxis, which might be experienced by conspecifics as art (e.g. visual art, music, dance)? To investigate this subtle issue, computer technology provides an important tool for artist-engineers, namely allowing programmatic integration of audio analysis and visual graphic animation. We initially discuss the history and problems of the role of an intuitive model of cognition, in the pursuit of an automated means of the synthesis of intelligence, versus what has been learned about organic brains. This comparison, while somewhat critical of empiricism, is meant to zero in on the cognitive function of art for humans, as an evolutionary adaptation. We are thus lead to an alternative programming paradigm regarding art's very particular but crucial role for our species.
Engineering Inspiration
Authors: MacLennan Bruce J.
Published: March 2016

This chapter proposes a computerized tool to promote inspiration in a specific, but very important, kind of scientific creativity, for significant scientific breakthroughs are often enabled by conceptual revolutions. The creative process is often divided into four phases: preparation, incubation, inspiration, and verification/elaboration. The proposed tool enhances the incubation phase of scientific creativity, with the goal of inspiring fruitful reconceptualization of a problem. It accomplishes this by exposing the scientist-user to continuous sequences of images designed to engage innate, unconscious cognitive structures. The sequence is not fixed, but may vary either randomly or under user direction. When this image flow seems relevant to the problem, users can record their position in it and their own ideas with a variety of low-interference recording techniques. Several simple image flows are described, along with the computational engine for generating them.
Improving Communication with Internal Public and Customers of an Industrial Company
Authors: Valentina Florea Nicoleta , Antoaneta Tanasescu Irina
Published: March 2016

The present chapter deals with an important topic, namely communication with its internal public and its customers by improving internal processes like recruitment, selection, motivation and development of an industrial company along supply chain management. We analyse this relationship taking into account that having talented employees the company will be able to attract new customers, maintain the old ones and satisfy their needs, that organizations must face the continual changes from the external environment, and that factors like globalization, liberalization, new technologies, and market opening have a major impact on organizational performance, on the human factor and on customers. As astrategic performance-generating factor in obtaining competitive advantage along supply chain, human factor is analysed describing issues like: communication, recruiting, attracting, retaining, motivating, developing employees under the impact of new technologies in order to obtain performance along supply chain.
Innovation Diffusion in the European Ceramic Tile Industry Supply Chain
Authors: Gabaldón-Estevan Daniel
Published: March 2016

Following Nelson's primary typology of enterprises based on a characterization of their technical change process (bulk commodities; complex systems producers; and chemical products producers) this chapter presents a case study on the innovation diffusion in the European tile industry based on the analysis of its manufacturing process and supply chain. The producers of ceramic tiles, the machinery producers and the frits and glazes producers fit each of Nelson's categories. Further, the European ceramic tile industry is clustered in two southern European regions: Emilia Romagna (Sassuolo – Italy) and Valencia Region (Castelló de la Plana – Spain) with a different configuration of the type of predominant companies within the cluster but also regarding surrounding clusters. This relative specialization, the interactions between surrounding clusters, and the strong interlink supplier-producer between both ceramic tile clusters make the study of the innovation diffusion in the European ceramic tile industry supply chain an interesting case.
Turning Digital Natives from Consumers of Digital Products to Producers of Knowledge
Authors: Andreatos Antonios S.
Published: March 2016

The aim of this chapter is to examine ways to convert digital natives from consumers of digital products to producers of collective knowledge. At first, the 21st century skills and knowledge creation in modern societies are discussed. These set up new objectives for modern education. Then, some active learning methods and resources to help educators achieve these objectives will be presented. These, include: the use of Web 2.0-based tools, media and applications; the use modern portable devices and the possibilities they offer in learning; the use of Open Educational Resources (OER) and MOOCs in education; the use of multiple Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) products in education; the use of blended learning settings in a face-to-face learning environment. Three case studies and several examples are provided to illustrate the proposed methods and resources. Finally, this chapter aims at helping teachers educate digital natives by designing appropriate pedagogical and educational scenarios in order to engage the digital natives in knowledge production.
Social Space or Pedagogic Powerhouse
Authors: Rutherford Stephen M. , Standley Henrietta J.
Published: March 2016

The recent development of Web 2.0 technologies has the potential to transform the learning environment of Higher Education (HE). Web 2.0 technologies are already commonplace within the social space, with the use of social media, co-authored online resources and encyclopaedias, blogs and video sources. Web 2.0 tools also have the potential to greatly enhance activity in educational environments. However, learners are not using Web 2.0 technology to its optimum potential outside of formal learning situations. Findings suggest that despite being digital natives and being aware of the technologies themselves, students may be naïve of the potential of Web 2.0 technologies as tools for the development of their learning. Educators in HE therefore need to actively expose our learners to the range of potentials of Web 2.0 technologies, if our students are to be able to innovate and engage with technology to its full extent.
Digital Equity and Policy
Authors: Kim Seang-Tae
Published: March 2016

The policy of digital equity aim to close the various issues of digital divide. As digital convergence and informatization progresses, it is becoming more important to better utilize various resources. Therefore, making a qualitative difference about the digital divide issue is urgent, and relevant policies and efforts need to be strengthened to narrow the digital divide. In this regard, the overall improvement of information literacy of the public is required as it can increase the convenience in citizens' everyday lives and can create added value. It is, therefore, necessary to continue the development of policies and projects to narrow the digital divide. The Korean government plans to keep strengthening its support with policies to legislate regulations that narrow the digital divide and provide fair opportunities to access information, and to improve information literacy. The efforts to narrow the digital divide and effective policies to achieve the goal must be continued to relieve social conflict and integrate the society.
Investigating the Moderating Roles of Age and Ethnicity in Mobile Commerce Acceptance
Authors: Eze Uchenna Cyril , Poong Yew Siang
Published: March 2016

Mobile commerce (m-commerce) is becoming a major aspect of our human endeavours with the advancements in wireless technology. However, acceptance of m-commerce by consumers is critical to the successful implementation of m-commerce system by business organizations. This chapter examines key factors that influence mobile commerce adoption, and the moderating roles of age and ethnicity. The conceptual framework is underpinned on an extended technology acceptance model. The survey data was collected from participants selected from Malaysia. The analysis was based on 260 valid responses, and the findings reveal that age and ethnicity moderate behavioral intention to adopt m-commerce. Different age groups exhibit different perceptions. Further, cost and subjective norm become more important as age increases, while perceived usefulness becomes more significant as age decreases. Perceived cost and subjective norm are the common predictors for m-commerce adoption regardless of ethnicity. The contributions to research and practice including suggestions for future studies are discussed.
Learning Organizations
Authors: Davis Daniel Cochece , Lopuch Viviane S.
Published: March 2016

Learning organizations are environments promoting individual and team learning capabilities. A growing number of organizations throughout the world are embracing these concepts as strategies for competing in dynamic economic environments. Globally, leaders across varying industries continue to strive to build learning organizations to improve effectiveness, and continuously evolve. Learning organizations depend on effective communication; a chief component of leadership influence. They also require thinking from as many perspectives as possible, in order to change and grow in response to anticipated and existing external pressures. These perspectives emerge from the variety of experiences coming from diverse individuals, and leaders must recognize these as critical resources in organizations' ability to learn, manage change and facilitate innovation. The present analysis explores learning organization variables, arguing that diversity and leadership communication are important co-factors in successfully implementing learning organization principles leading to innovation.
Leadership Opportunities for Managing Diversity
Authors: Carr-Ruffino Norma
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this chapter is to examine some key trends in the workplace and marketplace that require successful corporate leaders to manage workforce diversity. Such diversity poses certain challenges, which leaders can tackle and turn into lucrative opportunities to enhance not only productivity, sales, revenues, profits, brand, and reputation, but also the innovation so necessary for corporate survival. At the national level, the ability to compete in a global marketplace depends on successful innovation and has been a key driver of American eminence in the world. At the global level, innovation can empower people to move beyond fear of the future to actually shape their future; for example, we are currently seeing how technological innovations, such as the Internet, crowdsourcing, and crowdfunding are enabling people from all over the world, even those with very limited resources, to become entrepreneurs. The ability to understand and connect with people from diverse cultures also generates major opportunities to create peaceful relations as well as material abundance.
New Trends in Leveraging Workforce Diversity through Human Resource Management Initiatives
Authors: Sanchez-Apellaniz Mercedes , Triguero-Sánchez Rafael
Published: March 2016

Tremendous forces are radically reshaping the world of work and workforce diversity is steadily growing. If effective diversity management can only be achieved by means of the use of appropriate human resources strategies, HRM need to change his role. This chapter intends to explore such new trends and new practices on HRM, analyze which of them can be employed and which are more appropriate for an optimal management of workforce diversity and to obtain a competitive advantage for companies in the global economy.
A History of How U.S. Academics, Laws, and Business Have Created the Current Approach to Organizational Diversity
Authors: Tran Ben
Published: March 2016

While the legal motive focuses on legal compliance and the branding motive emphasizes making the workplace representative of the consumer market to gain a bigger share, the value-in-diversity motive focuses exclusively on the value that is attributed to the workplace as a result of increased diversity. The value of diversity purported by this motive transcends the visible aspects of diversity, which organizations might obtain when motivated by legal compliance or branding, and features both the detectable aspects of diversity as well as those not as easily detectable. Hence, the purpose of this chapter is to clearly define and address the original intended usage of terms among academicians, the law, and businesses regarding diversity: modern diversity (visual diversity vs. innovative diversity). Upon having a clearly defined understanding of visual diversity and innovative diversity, implementation of knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics (KSAOs) within diversity will be addressed.
Does the Ongoing Global Economic Crisis Put Diversity Gains at Risk?
Authors: Vassilopoulou Joana , April Kurt , Da Rocha Jose Pascal , Kyriakidou Olivia , Ozbilgin Mustafa
Published: March 2016

This chapter builds on an earlier chapter titled “International Diversity Management: Examples from the USA, South Africa, and Norway.” In the first version of this chapter, we found one common subject emerging when looking closer at all three examples. In all three cases we found a call for the moral and justice case for diversity management, instead of the business-case alone. Based on this commonality and in light of the ongoing global economic crisis and its possible deteriorating effect for the international diversity agenda we decided to offer a more critical account on international diversity management with this chapter. This chapter offers examples from the USA, South Africa and Greece. We conclude the chapter arguing that while the three countries face all different challenges due to the global economic crisis, the way governments across the world respond to the crisis is often similar, which endangers past diversity gains and translates in a backlash for diversity.
Is Gender Equality a Reality after a Change in the Political Agenda?
Authors: Calvo Nuria , Bastida Maria , Feás Jacobo
Published: March 2016

After a decade of meaningful advances in legal framework, education and political agendas, gender equality should be a reality in Spain. However, something is not working in the Spanish industry, compared to other European countries. In this chapter we analyse some organizational dynamics that allows understand why the situation of inequality of women managers for gender reasons persists in spite of the positive discrimination measures recommended by the legislative framework. A new translation between the political and the economical language is necessary in order to get a change of behaviour in the industry. This analysis has allowed a proposal of a bunch of measures that allow organisations to exploit all their managerial talent, independently of whether this talent is owned by men or women.
Social Work with Refugee Women
Authors: Cooper Lareen , Nash Mary , Umugwaneza Antoinette
Published: March 2016

In this chapter on resettlement social work with women refugees, they are portrayed as resilient yet reluctant users of social work services. While the field of social work with refugees has already been widely introduced and discussed, less attention has been paid to resettlement work with women refugees. In order to contextualise this discussion, key terms are briefly defined, and relevant legislation together with demographic features are covered. The chapter includes a case study, presented by one of the authors, herself an expert by experience. We present open source as well as current research published in academic journals relating to this field of practice. Research methods and ethical issues including practice dilemmas associated with the concept of empowerment are discussed. Practical applications and cultural concerns derived from the research suggest how practitioners and refugee women may work together using participatory methods to draw on the strengths and experience of the refugee women to achieve goals which are consistent with those set out by the United Nations High Commission.
Energy Competent Routing Protocol Design in MANET with Real Time Application Provision
Authors: Rath Mamata , Pattanayak Binod Kumar , Pati Bibudhendu
Published: March 2016

With the increase of mobile activities in technological environment, it is a challenge to develop and maintain robust networking system with provision of high connectivity. In this context, Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) is a feasible solution because it is dynamic in nature and the self-configured nodes of MANET can communicate intelligently in adverse and dynamic mobile situations. Though Adhoc on Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing protocol handles the networking issues efficiently, still power and delay efficiency has always been a challenging task in MANET due to the resource constrained nodes which are supplied with limited battery power during the operation in the network. Hence while performing various networking activities; gradually the battery power reduces resulting in delay in processing of packet and forwarding them to the next node during transmission. This causes overall end to end delay in the total transmission. Therefore many researches are still going on in the direction of designing robust and reliable protocols. In this paper the authors have developed a robust and energy efficient routing protocol for MANET with real time support. Their approach is different as it calculates the remaining residual battery power, bounded delay and packet processing rate of the intermediate node before selecting a node to forward the packet in the direction of destination. The cost function calculated using the above three factors along with the condition of congested node is also checked to correctly choose a load balanced path from source to destination. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol performs better than the conventional AODV protocol in terms of better network life time, throughput, delay and packet delivery ratio.
Credit Risk Evaluation Based on Text Analysis
Authors: Wang Shuxia , Qi Yuwei , Fu Bin , Liu Hongzhi
Published: March 2016

The main difficulty of credit risk evaluation is to evaluate borrowers' willingness of repayment, which is a subjective factor depending on the thoughts and ideas of borrowers. Text description is a kind of human behavior which reflects the mental process of writers. The authors identify the characteristics of borrowers from their text descriptions and further use them to evaluate the credit risk of loans. Experimental results show that: (1) textual information is a good choice when traditional financial information is missing. The authors can achieve similar accuracy using only textual information as traditional methods which use financial information and credit information from the third party. (2) Textual information is a good complementary information source to traditional financial information sources. Using textual information can improve the performance of credit risk evaluation system when combined with traditional financial information.