bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internal migration and ethnic division: the case of Palmas, Brazil
Authors: Schrooten Mieke
Published: May 2011

Starting from the observation that Brazilian history has led to the development of a very distinct system of race relations, this paper focuses on the (re)creation of ethnic divisions in a new city, Palmas, the capital of the Brazilian state Tocantins. Because the city was only founded in 1990, internal migration has heavily influenced the composition of the city’s population. The research shows that residential proximity and interaction between whites and non‐whites is largely limited to the poor neighbourhoods of the city. Subtle racism continues to exist, deriving from a way of thinking that naturalises the racial hierarchy. The absence of clearly defined racial categories and the centrality of miscegenation to the Brazilian identity complicate the further dismantling of this racist culture.
Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Human Infection with Coxiella burnetii in Denmark During 2006–07
Authors: Bacci S. , Villumsen S. , Valentiner‐Branth P. , Smith B. , Krogfelt K. A. , Mølbak K.
Published: May 2011

Query (Q) fever was virtually unknown in Denmark in 2005, when, after the introduction of new sensitive diagnostic methods for Coxiella burnetii, an increasing number of positive cattle created concern among people with frequent exposure. This led to a dramatic rise in examinations for Q fever among humans in the following 2 years. The aim of our study was to assess indication for testing and symptoms in individuals with serological signs of infection with C. burnetii. We performed a case‐review study of seropositives among all humans tested for Q fever in 2006–07 in Denmark. Seropositive cases were categorized with acute infection: 4‐fold increase in immunoglobulin G (IgG) phase II or concomitant IgM phase II ≥ 1 : 256 and IgG phase II ≥ 1 : 1024; and previous infection: IgG phase II ≥ 1 : 1024. A borderline result was defined as: IgG phase II = 1 : 512. Physicians completed a questionnaire retrospectively. Of the 1613 people tested, 177 (11%) were seropositive [37 (2%) acute infection, 140 (9%) previous infection], 180 had a borderline result. Among 127 seropositives responders, 31% were tested due to symptoms compatible with Q fever after a possible exposure to C. burnetii, 64% were asymptomatic and were tested following relevant exposure only; 64% were males, 43% farmers, 39% veterinarians, 84% had been exposed to cattle. The most frequently reported symptoms were asthenia (25%), myalgia (21%), fever (17%) and headache (13%). About two‐thirds of seropositives reported asymptomatic infections, and were tested for Q fever because of concern for occupational exposure to cattle. One‐third of the seropositives reported symptoms consistent with Q fever, the majority being mild. Our study provided important evidence that increased requests for Q fever testing in 2006–07 arose from heightened public awareness of the disease, and not from an outbreak of clinical disease. Nonetheless, Q fever should be considered endemic in Denmark.
The decline of theory of mind in old age is (partly) mediated by developmental changes in domain‐general abilities
Authors: Rakoczy Hannes , Harder‐Kasten Antje , Sturm Lioba
Published: May 2011

Following up on existing, mixed findings in the literature on social cognition in old age different aspects of theory of mind were investigated in younger and older adults. In line with some previous findings, older participants – though matched with the younger ones on crystallized abilities‐ performed significantly worse both on tasks requiring the ascription of complex intentional attitudes to story protagonists and on tasks of recognizing subtle emotional expressions from video displays. Control analyses showed, however, that these deficits are partly explained by domain‐general declines in processing speed and executive function. The implications of these findings for the nature of social cognition and its fate in old age are discussed.
Effects of Dissimilar Electrode Materials and Electrode Position on DNA Motion During Electrophoresis
Authors: David Regis A. , Jensen Brian D. , Black Justin L. , Burnett Sandra H. , Howell Larry L.
Published: May 2011

Electrophoretic systems commonly use metal electrodes in their construction. This paper explores and reports the differences in the electrophoretic motion of DNA (decomposition voltage, electrical field, etc.) when one electrode is constructed from a semiconductor, silicon, rather than metal. Experimental VI (voltage-current) curves for different electrode configurations (using steel and silicon) are presented. Experimental results are used to update and validate the mathematical model to reflect the differences in material selection. In addition, the model predicts large curved-field motion for DNA motion. The model helps to quantify the effect of parameters on DNA motion in biological microelectromechanical systems in order to improve device designs and protocols.
A New Model for the Analysis and Simulation of Steam Turbines at Partial and Full Load
Authors: Fernández Mario Álvarez , Alonso-Tristán Cristina
Published: May 2011

A model is described that studies the behavior of a steam turbine on the basis of the law of conservation of energy even under wet-steam conditions at particular points in time. Initially, the hypothesis that steam expansion follows a polytropic function will be demonstrated, and a procedure for the calculation of the polytropic exponent will be introduced. Then, the real thermal power given by the steam turbine will be calculated when the steam at the discharge section is wet steam. This calculation has not been analytically developed until now. Two factors will likewise be introduced: a flow factor (used in order to simulate the discharge pressure) and a loss factor (used in order to simulate the discharge enthalpy). With these factors, the steam at the outlet section of a steam turbine will be fully simulated. Furthermore, the loss factor can be used to evaluate the efficiency of the steam turbine. All the equations are validated at both partial and full loads and will be implemented in a real case study: the High Pressure Turbine of the Santa María de Garoña Nuclear Power Plant, which operates at all times under wet-steam conditions, making it particularly relevant for this study.
Development of a Spark Discharge PM Sensor for Measurement of Engine-Out Soot Emissions
Authors: Gardiner David P. , Pucher Greg R. , Allan William D. , LaViolette Marc
Published: May 2011

There is interest in measuring the engine-out particulate emissions from diesel engines in real time in order to optimize the engine control strategies such as exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and monitor the loading of the particulate filter. This paper presents experimental results obtained using a measurement technique that produced a signal proportional to the peak voltage of a spark discharge that was exposed to the exhaust gas. The sensor was tested on a turbocharged diesel engine with exhaust soot levels from <0.1 FSN to >3.5 FSN, and compared with reference measurements of filter smoke number (FSN) from an AVL 415S smokemeter. The sensor signal showed a high correlation with the reference FSN measurements. Conversion of the FSN values to mass concentration values (using published techniques for the reference instrument) indicated that the output of the spark discharge soot sensor was nearly linear with mass concentration over a substantial portion of the measuring range. The sensor showed a response time of less than 2 s to step changes in FSN levels.
In-Cylinder Equivalence Ratio Measurements in an EGR Equipped Engine
Authors: Gupta Sreenath B. , Bihari Bipin , Biruduganti Munidhar , Sekar Raj
Published: May 2011

A single-cylinder natural gas fueled engine equipped with an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system was ignited using a laser. The broadband emission from the spark kernel was spectrally resolved, and the peaks corresponding to Hα, N, and O atoms were measured for a range of conditions with global equivalence ratios ranging between 0.6 and 1.0 and for exhaust gas recirculation fractions up to 29%. The (Hα/O) and (Hα/N) peak intensity ratios from the spectral scans correlated extremely well (R2>0.97) with local oxygen based equivalence ratios. Appropriate relations were developed to relate such values to global equivalence ratios and the EGR rate. For a homogeneous intake charge, the present laser induced breakdown spectroscopy diagnostic enables an estimation of one of the two values, global equivalence ratio or EGR rate, with the knowledge of the other.
Experimental Test Rig With Results on Liquid Atomization by Slinger Injectors
Authors: Sescu Carmen , Kucinschi Bogdan R. , Afjeh Abdollah A. , Masiulaniec K. Cyril
Published: May 2011

In this work, a rotary atomizer, referred to as a slinger injector, is investigated. An experimental setup has been designed to model the environment of the combustion chamber, and an optical measurement system has been implemented to analyze the liquid atomization provided by the slinger injector. In actual small gas turbines, a critical aspect is related to the start-up phase, which typically takes place at speeds around 10,000 rpm. The main scope of this research was to study the liquid spray at relatively low velocities. The primary breakup visualization, breakup length measurement, and droplet size measurement were performed for different rotational speeds. Several pictures of liquid breakup are included, and various mean and representative diameters are presented. In addition, drop size histograms and cumulative volume distribution curves are also included. The results show a decrease in both the breakup length and the mean droplet sizes with increasing rotational speed.
Biokinetic Mechanisms Linked With Musculoskeletal Health Disparities: Stochastic Models Applying Tikhonov’s Theorem to Biomolecule Homeostasis
Authors: Saha Asit K. , Liang Yu , Kohles Sean S.
Published: May 2011

Multiscale technology and advanced mathematical models have been developed to control and characterize physicochemical interactions, respectively, enhancing cellular and molecular engineering progress. Ongoing tissue engineering development studies have provided experimental input for biokinetic models examining the influence of static or dynamic mechanical stimuli (Saha, A. K., and Kohles, S. S., 2010, “A Distinct Catabolic to Anabolic Threshold Due to Single-Cell Nanomechanical Stimulation in a Cartilage Biokinetics Model,” J. Nanotechnol. Eng. Med., 1(3) p. 031005; 2010, “Periodic Nanomechanical Stimulation in a Biokinetics Model Identifying Anabolic and Catabolic Pathways Associated With Cartilage Matrix Homeostasis,” J. Nanotechnol. Eng. Med., 1(4), p. 041001). In the current study, molecular regulatory thresholds associated with specific disease disparities are further examined through applications of stochastic mechanical stimuli. The results indicate that chondrocyte bioregulation initiates the catabolic pathway as a secondary response to control anabolic processes. In addition, high magnitude loading produced as a result of stochastic input creates a destabilized balance in homeostasis. This latter modeled result may be reflective of an injurious state or disease progression. These mathematical constructs provide a framework for single-cell mechanotransduction and may characterize transitions between healthy and disease states.
Calculation of the Pressure Gradient, Velocity, and Wall Shear in Arteries for a Given Flow Rate
Authors: Abdalla Wassf Isaac A. S.
Published: May 2011

The aim of this study was to build an inverse method, which best fits a model of artery flow and experimental measurements, and to provide a good quality of input data for the mathematical models so that proper inferences can be drown from the models. Using numerical analysis to convert the flow rate profiles to the pressure gradient profiles, a Fourier series for this profile (∂p/∂z−t) is then obtained. The results obtained were compared with pressure gradient profile in Fourier series.
Nucleation and growth characteristics of electroplated Cu on plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition-grown RuTaN direct plate barriers
Authors: Chakraborty Tonmoy , Greenslit Daniel , Eisenbraun Eric T.
Published: May 2011

A study has been carried out to understand the mechanism that enables plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD)-grown RuTaN barriers to support direct (seedless) copper electroplating. In particular, the effects of changing the liner surface chemistry on the subsequent plated copper nucleation behavior have been evaluated. Amperometric measurements and short pulse plating experiments were carried out directly on PEALD-grown RuTaN barriers. To enhance copper nucleation, a liner surface cleaning protocol was developed and evaluated. In order to understand the effect of intrinsic liner composition and conductivity on the film microstructure and subsequent plated copper nucleation, a study of copper nucleation density as it relates to the Ru:Ta ratio in the liner was carried out. The thickness extendibility of these direct plate liners was also explored. These liners were also tested for potential use in sub-45-nm copper metallization applications.
Comprehensive comparison of electrical and reliability characteristics of various copper barrier films
Authors: Cheng Yi-Lung , Wu Jiung , Chiu Tai-Jung , Chen Shiuan-An , Wang Ying-Lang
Published: May 2011

The physical, electrical, and reliability characteristics of various Copper (Cu) barrier films, including SiC, SiCN, SiCO, SiCNO, and SiN, were investigated. The experimental results indicate that the SiN film is the best barrier film against Cu diffusion, adheres strongly to Cu film, and exhibits reliable electromigration (EM) performance, but its dielectric constant is too high. Nitrogen-doped or oxygen-doped silicon carbide films (SiCN or SiCO) have a lower dielectric constant, but at the cost of reduced reliability. SiCNO film that is doped with both nitrogen and oxygen exhibits more reliable EM and stress-migration with a comparable physical and electrical performance to that of the SiN film.
Comment on “Positive Selection of Tyrosine Loss in Metazoan Evolution”
Authors: Su Zhixi , Huang Wei , Gu Xun
Published: May 2011

Tan
et al
. (Reports, 25 September 2009, p. 1686) argued that loss of tyrosine residues from proteins in metazoans was driven by positive selection to remove potentially deleterious phosphorylation sites. We challenge this hypothesis, providing evidence that the high guanine-cytosine (GC) content of metazoan genomes was the primary driver in the loss of tyrosine residues.
Response to Comment on “Positive Selection of Tyrosine Loss in Metazoan Evolution”
Authors: Tan Chris Soon Heng , Schoof Erwin M. , Creixell Pau , Pasculescu Adrian , Lim Wendell A. , Pawson Tony , Bader Gary D. , Linding Rune
Published: May 2011

Su
et al
. claim guanine-cytosine (GC) content variation can largely explain the observed tyrosine frequency variation, independent of adaptive evolution of cell-signaling complexity. We found that GC content variation, in the absence of selection for amino acid changes, can only maximally account for 38% of the observed tyrosine frequency variation. We also uncovered other mechanisms acting to reduce tyrosine phosphorylation that further support our previous proposal.
A Packing Mechanism for Nucleosome Organization Reconstituted Across a Eukaryotic Genome
Authors: Zhang Zhenhai , Wippo Christian J. , Wal Megha , Ward Elissa , Korber Philipp , Pugh B. Franklin
Published: May 2011

Genome-wide nucleosome positioning is a self-organizing system amenable to in vitro reconstitution.
Fossil Evidence on Origin of the Mammalian Brain
Authors: Rowe Timothy B. , Macrini Thomas E. , Luo Zhe-Xi
Published: May 2011

Evidence from two early fossils suggests that brain enlargement and specialization proceeded in three pulses.
Evolving Large and Complex Brains
Authors: Northcutt R. Glenn
Published: May 2011

X-ray studies of two Early Jurassic fossils offer insight into the evolution of mammalian brains.
NCATS Purrs: Emerging Signs of Form and Function
Authors: FitzGerald Garret A.
Published: May 2011

Derisking and repurposing therapeutics will be among the aims of the National Center for Advancing Translational Science.
Rediscovering Heritability
Authors: Nielson Carrie M.
Published: May 2011

Analysis of genome-wide association studies reveals new connections between common single-nucleotide polymorphisms and phenotypic traits.
Decoding Melanoma
Authors: Niewold Timothy B.
Published: May 2011

Whole-exome sequencing identifies recurrent genetic mutations in melanoma cells.
Species-Specific Interactions of Src Family Tyrosine Kinases Regulate
Chlamydia
Intracellular Growth and Trafficking
Authors: Elwell Cherilyn A. , Kierbel Arlinet , Engel Joanne N.
Published: May 2011

Src family kinases (SFKs) regulate key cellular processes and are emerging as important targets for intracellular pathogens. In this commentary, we briefly review the role of SFKs in bacterial pathogenesis and highlight new work on the role of SFKs during the intracellular cycle of
Chlamydia
species.
Work disability benefits due to musculoskeletal disorders among Brazilian private sector workers
Authors: Vieira E R , Albuquerque-Oliveira P R , Barbosa-Branco A
Published: May 2011

Objective

To evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of disability benefits due to musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) granted to Brazilian private sector workers.

Methods

This was a population-based epidemiological study of MSD-related benefits among registered private sector workers (n=32 959 329). The prevalence (benefits/10 000 workers/year) of work disability benefits was calculated by gender, age, state, Human Development Index (HDI), economic activity, MSD type and work-relatedness.

Results

The prevalence of MSD-related benefits in Brazil among registered private sector workers in 2008 was 93.6/10 000 workers. The prevalence increased with age, and was higher for women (112.2) than for men (88.1), although the former had shorter benefit duration. The gender-adjusted prevalence by state varied from 16.6 to 90.3 for non-work-related, and from 7.8 to 59.6 for work-related benefits. The Brazilian states with a high–very high HDI had the highest prevalence. The top four most common types of MSD-related benefits were due to back pain, intervertebral disc disorders, sinovitis/tenosynovitis and shoulder disorders.

Conclusion

MSD is a frequent cause of work disability in Brazil. There were differences in prevalence among economic activities and between states grouped by HDI. This study demonstrates that further evaluation of the contributing factors associated with MSD-related disability benefits is required. Factors that should be considered include production processes, political organisation, socioeconomic and educational characteristics, the compensation and recording systems, and employee–employer power relationships. These factors may play an important role in the prevalence of MSD-related disability benefits, especially in countries with large socioeconomic iniquities such as Brazil.
Histological characteristics predisposing to development of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Lee Sae Hwan , Chung Young-Hwa , Kim Jeong A , Jin Young-Joo , Park Won Hyung , Choi Jong Gi , Lee Danbi , Shim Ju Hyun , Yu Eunsil , Jang Myoung Kuk
Published: May 2011

Aims

Longstanding liver inflammation leads to hepatic regeneration and fibrosis, which subsequently progresses to cirrhosis in some patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. It remains unclear, however, if the histological severity of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) may determine the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of necroinflammation and fibrosis at presentation of CHB on the development of HCC.

Methods

Medical records and radiographs of 796 biopsy-confirmed CHB patients were reviewed retrospectively for a median period of 107 months (6–218) (median age 34 years (18–64), male:female 636:160). Eighty-five per cent (680/796) of patients were treated with antiviral agents such as interferon alpha and/or lamivudine. All the patients were followed at a regular interval of 3–6 months with routine laboratory tests. Abdominal imagings together with serum alpha-fetoprotein were checked every 6–12 months to detect new HCC. Necroinflammation and fibrosis were assessed semiquantitatively. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify significant risk factors for HCC.

Results

HCC developed in 3.4% (27/796) of patients during follow-up. The overall cumulative occurrence rates of HCC were 0.5% and 3.5% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. In multivariate analysis, age over 40 years (p<0.001), advanced fibrosis (p=0.006) and severe lobular activity (p=0.038) at presentation were independent risk factors for the development of HCC.

Conclusion

Advanced fibrosis and severe lobular activity rather than porto–periportal activity on histology at presentation of CHB are independent predisposing risk factors for the development of HCC.
Angiogenic ability of metastatic squamous carcinoma in the cervical lymph nodes from unknown primary tumours
Authors: Agarwal Beamon , Das Pragnya , Naresh Kikkeri N , Borges Anita M
Published: May 2011

Objectives

To study angiogenesis in metastasis of unknown primary (MUP) to support the authors' hypothesis that MUPs are of a low angiogenic phenotype and are able to undergo metastasis in spite of an unknown primary.

Patients and methods

A retrospective analysis was performed on paraffin blocks obtained from 50 cases of MUP and 52 cases of metastasis of known primary (MKP) from 1 January 2000 to December 2003. A prospective analysis was performed on fresh tissues from 22 cases of MUP and 26 cases of MKP. Immunohistochemical staining for VEGF was performed on the paraffin blocks. The fresh frozen tissue was analysed by RT-PCR and Western blotting for VEGF isoforms (VEGF121, VEGF165, VEGF189) and VEGF protein, respectively.

Results

Immunohistochemistry showed that MUPs had a higher percentage of lower scores of VEGF expression than MKPs. MKPs had increased scores of VEGF expression. RT-PCR analysis showed that MKPs had increased expression of VEGF121and VEGF165isoforms as compared with MUPs. MKPs showed a higher VEGF protein expression than MUPs.

Conclusion

The study shows that metastases of squamous carcinoma from unknown primary have decreased VEGF expression at the immunohistochemical and protein level. They also display decreased expression of the VEGF121and VEGF165isoforms. Hence, these tumours are of a low angiogenic phenotype. They are able to develop a metastatic phenotype and grow at the metastatic site, since angiogenesis is redundant for lymph-node metastasis.
Robert Knox and the anatomy of beauty: Figure 1
Authors: Neher Allister
Published: May 2011

Robert Knox (1791–1862) is typically remembered as the Edinburgh anatomist to whom the murderers Burke and Hare sold the bodies of their victims. This association brought Knox infamy and damaged his life and career. Before the Burke and Hare scandal, Knox was one of the most famous, original and influential anatomists in Britain. He was also something of a dandy with a sophisticated appreciation of the visual arts. His most significant writings on artistic subjects were his booksA Manual of Artistic AnatomyandGreat Artists and Great Anatomists: A Biographical and Philosophical Study. Knox's interesting and independently minded opinions on the central artistic questions of his day were taken seriously by his contemporaries. His demotion in the official history of anatomy following his involvement with Burke and Hare, however, also removed him from the history of art theory in 19th century Britain. Knox was such a magnetic and impressive figure, though, that he has to be brought back to his era and his era is not complete without him. This paper discusses how Knox's writings on anatomy and biology shaped his contributions to art theory. It is a first step towards returning Knox, the art theorist, to the cultural life of 19th century Britain.
Exposure to bioaerosols, respiratory health and lung-specific proteins: a prospective study in garbage and wastewater workers: Table 1
Authors: Tschopp Alois , Bernard Alfred , Thommen Annette M , Jeggli Stefan , Dumont Xavier , Oppliger Anne , Hotz Philipp
Published: May 2011

Objectives

To prospectively assess respiratory health in wastewater workers and garbage collectors over 5 years.

Methods

Exposure, respiratory symptoms and conditions, spirometry and lung-specific proteins were assessed yearly in a cohort of 304 controls, 247 wastewater workers and 52 garbage collectors. Results were analysed with random coefficient models and linear regression taking into account several potential confounders.

Results

Symptoms, spirometry and lung-specific proteins were not affected by occupational exposure.

Conclusions

In this population no effects of occupational exposure to bioaerosols were found, probably because of good working conditions.
The influence of newspaper coverage and a media campaign on smokers' support for smoke-free bars and restaurants and on secondhand smoke harm awareness: findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Netherlands Survey
Authors: Nagelhout Gera E , van den Putte Bas , de Vries Hein , Crone Matty , Fong Geoffrey T , Willemsen Marc C
Published: May 2011

Objective

To assess the influence of newspaper coverage and a media campaign about Dutch smoke-free legislation on smokers' support for smoke-free bars and restaurants and on secondhand smoke (SHS) harm awareness.

Design and main outcome measures

A content analysis was conducted of 1041 newspaper articles on the smoke-free legislation published in six Dutch newspapers from March 2008 to April 2009. Smokers who were regular readers of at least one of these newspapers (n=677) were selected from the pre-ban and post-ban waves of the International Tobacco Control Netherlands Survey. Exposure to newspaper coverage and the implementation campaign was correlated with changes in smokers' support for smoke-free bars and restaurants and SHS harm awareness.

Results

Most newspaper coverage was found to be negative towards the smoking ban (57%) and focused on economic aspects (59%) rather than health aspects (22%). Exposure to this coverage had a small but significantly negative effect on support for smoke-free bars and restaurants (β=−0.09, p=0.013). Among higher educated smokers, exposure to positive newspaper coverage had a more positive effect on support for smoke-free bars and restaurants. In addition, exposure to the implementation campaign had a small but significantly positive effect on SHS harm awareness (β=0.11, p=0.001).

Conclusions

Media attention on smoke-free legislation can influence smokers' support for the legislation and SHS harm awareness. Tobacco control advocates should aim to establish positive media attention that puts forward the health arguments for the legislation.
WHEN IS THE DEFORMATION SPACE $\mathscr{T}(\Gamma, H_{2n+1}, H)$ A SMOOTH MANIFOLD?
Authors: BAKLOUTI ALI , DHIEB SAMI , TOUNSI KHALED
Published: May 2011

Let G = H2n + 1 be the 2n + 1-dimensional Heisenberg group and H be a connected Lie subgroup of G. Given any discontinuous subgroup Γ ⊂ G for G/H, a precise union of open sets of the resulting deformation space [Formula: see text] of the natural action of Γ on G/H is derived since the paper of Kobayshi and Nasrin [Deformation of Properly discontinuous action of ℤk and ℝk+1, Internat. J. Math.17 (2006) 1175–1190]. We determine in this paper when exactly this space is endowed with a smooth manifold structure. Such a result is only known when the Clifford–Klein form Γ\G/H is compact and Γ is abelian. When Γ is not abelian or H meets the center of G, the parameter and deformation spaces are shown to be semi-algebraic and equipped with a smooth manifold structure. In the case where Γ is abelian and H does not meet the center of G, then [Formula: see text] splits into finitely many semi-algebraic smooth manifolds and fails to be a Hausdorff space whenever Γ is not maximal, but admits a manifold structure otherwise. In any case, it is shown that [Formula: see text] admits an open smooth manifold as its dense subset. Furthermore, a sufficient and necessary condition for the global stability of all these deformations to hold is established.
LAUGHLIN'S WAVE FUNCTION AND ANGULAR MOMENTUM
Authors: SHRIVASTAVA KESHAV N.
Published: May 2011

In 1983, Laughlin reported a wave function which while using the first-principles kinetic energy and Coulomb interactions fractionalizes the charge of the electron so that a charge such as 1/3 occurs. Since then this wave function has been applied to many problems in condensed matter physics. An effort is made to review the literature dealing with Aharonov–Bohm effect, ground state, confinement, phase transitions, Wigner and Luttinger solids, edge states, Anderson's theory, statistics and anyons, etc. The importance of the angular momentum is pointed out and it is shown that Landau levels play an important role in understanding the fractions at which the plateaus occur in the quantum Hall effect.
STRUCTURE THEOREMS FOR GROUPS OF HOMEOMORPHISMS OF THE CIRCLE
Authors: BLEAK COLLIN , KASSABOV MARTIN , MATUCCI FRANCESCO
Published: May 2011

In this partly expository paper, we study the set [Formula: see text] of groups of orientation-preserving homeomorphisms of the circle S1 which do not admit non-abelian free subgroups. We use classical results about homeomorphisms of the circle and elementary dynamical methods to derive various new and old results about the groups in [Formula: see text]. Of the known results, we include some results from a family of results of Beklaryan and Malyutin, and we also give a new proof of a theorem of Margulis. Our primary new results include a detailed classification of the solvable subgroups of R. Thompson's group T.
THE RATIONALITY PROBLEM FOR THREE- AND FOUR-DIMENSIONAL PERMUTATIONAL GROUP ACTIONS
Authors: MICHAILOV IVO MICHAILOV
Published: May 2011

Assume that K is a field, containing the full group of 4th roots of unity μ4, and char K ≠2, 3. Let G be a finite non-abelian subgroup of GL n(K) for n = 3 or n = 4. The group G induces an action on K(x1,…,xn), the rational function field of n variables over K. Consider groups represented by matrices such that in each row and column there is exactly one element from μ4 and all other elements are 0. With the aid of GAP [3] we find that there are precisely 230 such non-abelian groups in SL 4(K) and 33 in GL 3(K), up to conjugacy. We show that the fixed subfield K(x1,…,xn)G is rational (i.e. purely transcendental) over K for every such group G. We also give a positive answer to the Noether's problem for several families of groups of order m = 2a ⋅ 3b, where a ≥ 2 and b = 0, 1.
ON ENDOMORPHISMS OF TORSION-FREE HYPERBOLIC GROUPS
Authors: BOGOPOLSKI O. , VENTURA E.
Published: May 2011

Let H be a torsion-free δ-hyperbolic group with respect to a finite generating set S. From the main result in the paper, Theorem 1.2, we deduce the following two corollaries.

First, we show that there exists a computable constant [Formula: see text] such that, for any endomorphism φ of H, if φ(h) is conjugate to h for every element h ∈ H of length up to [Formula: see text], then φ is an inner automorphism. Second, we show a mixed (conjugate/non-conjugate) version of the classical Whitehead problem for tuples is solvable in torsion-free hyperbolic groups.
COMPANIONS OF THE UNKNOT AND WIDTH ADDITIVITY
Authors: BLAIR RYAN , TOMOVA MAGGY
Published: May 2011

It has been conjectured that for knots K and K′ in S3, w(K # K′) = w(K) + w(K′) - 2. In [7], Scharlemann and Thompson proposed potential counterexamples to this conjecture. For every n, they proposed a family of knots [Formula: see text] for which they conjectured that [Formula: see text] where Bn is a bridge number n knot. We show that for n > 2 none of the knots in [Formula: see text] produces such counterexamples.
THE INITIAL-BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM IN GENERAL RELATIVITY
Authors: REULA OSCAR , SARBACH OLIVIER
Published: May 2011

In this article we summarize what is known about the initial-boundary value problem for general relativity and discuss present problems related to it.
THEORETICAL STUDY OF THE 11Li β DECAY INTO THE DEUTERON CHANNEL IN A CLUSTER MODEL
Authors: TURSUNOV ERGASH M. , BAYE DANIEL , DESCOUVEMONT PIERRE
Published: May 2011

The β-decay process of the 11 Li halo nucleus into 9 Li and d is reanalyzed within a three-body model. The 11 Li nucleus is described as a 9 Li +n+n system in hyperspherical coordinates. The transition probability per time and energy units measured in a recent experiment can be reproduced with a broad resonance located around 0.8 MeV and a weak absorption from the 9 Li + d final channel.
COMPLETE CHARACTERIZATION OF BREAKUP OF 9Be BY α-α COINCIDENCE MEASUREMENTS
Authors: RAFIEI R. , LUONG D. H. , HINDE D. J. , DASGUPTA M. , DU RIETZ R.
Published: May 2011

The breakup mechanisms for 9 Be have been studied through coincident detection of the breakup α particles at sub-barrier energies, where the probability of capture of a charged breakup fragment by the target nucleus is negligible. Combining the reconstructed reaction Q-value and the relative energy of the two coincident breakup α particles a complete picture of breakup dynamics has been obtained. The measurements reveal breakup processes which are fast enough (~ 10-22 s) to affect fusion, called prompt breakup. It is shown that prompt breakup is triggered predominantly by the transfer of a neutron -a two-step process. The prompt breakup probabilities are shown to have an exponential dependence on the surface-to-surface separation of the interacting nuclei, but are independent of the target nuclei, ranging from 144 Sm to 209 Bi . These results provide significant input towards a complete quantal model aiming to describe the breakup of weakly bound stable and halo nuclei.
TWO-NEUTRON CORRELATIONS IN HALO NUCLEI VIA COULOMB BREAKUP REACTIONS
Authors: KIKUCHI YUMA , KATŌ KIYOSHI , MYO TAKAYUKI , TAKASHINA MASAAKI , IKEDA KIYOMI
Published: May 2011

We investigate the three-body Coulomb breakup of a two-neutron halo nucleus, 6 He . We calculate the breakup cross section and the invariant mass spectra by using the complex-scaled solutions of the Lippmann-Schwinger equation, and discuss the relations between the structures in these observables and the n-n and α-n correlations in 6 He .
FOUR-BODY STRUCTURE OF S = -2 HYPERNUCLEI
Authors: HIYAMA EMIKO
Published: May 2011

Hypernuclear physics has become very exciting owing to new epoch-making experimental data. The recent progress in theoretical and experimental studies of hypernuclei and discussion about the future development in this filed are done.
IMPURITY EFFECTS IN $_\Lambda^{12}{\rm{Be}}$ AND $_\Lambda^{21}{\rm{Ne}}$ HYPERNUCLEI
Authors: ISAKA MASAHIRO , HONMA HIROAKI , KIMURA MASAAKI , DOTÉ AKINOBU , OHNISHI AKIRA
Published: May 2011

The structures of the ground and low-lying states of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] hypernuclei are studied with AMD. By a Λ hyperon, the parity reversion of the [Formula: see text] ground state and binding of the unbound α + 16 O cluster state in [Formula: see text] are found. Furthermore, intra-band B(E2) reduction in the [Formula: see text] band of [Formula: see text] is larger than that in the [Formula: see text] band, because of the reduction of the inter-cluster distance between α and 16 O cluster of the [Formula: see text] band.
ASYMMETRIC CLUSTERS IN 14Be
Authors: ITO MAKOTO
Published: May 2011

The generalized two-center cluster model (GTCM), which can treat various single particle configurations in general two-center systems, is applied to 14 Be =α+α+6N. We mainly investigate an appearance of asymmetric cluster structures, 6 He +8 He , in the excited states of 14 Be . The level scheme in 14 Be is discussed in a comparison with that in 10 Be . The relation between 14 Be and 10 Be can be understood from the viewpoint of the particle-hole symmetry in the x He +y He cluster configuration.
CLUSTER STRUCTURES AND SINGLE-CLUSTER MOTIONS IN 11B AND 13C
Authors: YAMADA T. , FUNAKI Y.
Published: May 2011

The structures of 11 B and 13 C are studied up to Ex ~ 15 MeV with the semi-microscopic three-body and four-body cluster models, 2α+t and 3α+n orthogonality condition models (OCM). We discuss the cluster states and Hoyle-analogue states in 11 B and 13 C .
FORMATION OF HYPERDEFORMED STATES FROM DINUCLEAR SYSTEM
Authors: ADAMIAN G. G. , ANTONENKO N. V. , SARGSYAN V. V. , ZUBOV A. S. , SCHEID W.
Published: May 2011

The hyperdeformed nuclei treated as dinuclear or quasimolecular configurations are suggested to be directly produced in heavy-ion reactions at bombarding energies near the Coulomb barrier.
STUDY OF SCATTERING 1H, 12C AND 16O NUCLEI ON 1P-SHELL AT ENERGY NEAR THE COULOMB BARRIER
Authors: AMAR A. , HAMADA S. , BURTEBAYEV N. , AMANGELDY N.
Published: May 2011

Differential cross sections for the 6,7 Li ( p , p )6,7 Li and 10,11 B ( p , p )10,11 B elastic scattering were measured over the proton laboratory energy range from 300 to 1050 keV. The transfer reaction of the elastic scattering of carbon and oxygen on oxygen and carbon nuclei was studied through different experiments with incident beam of energy 1.75 MeV/ nucleon. Depending on the measured data by us and literature data, we could enhance the potential parameters using ECIS88 Code, as well as SPI-GENOA Code. Good agreement between theoretical and experimental in whole range.
PRESUMABLE SCENARIO OF ONE OF THE COLLINEAR CLUSTER TRI-PARTITION MODES
Authors: PYATKOV Yu.V. , KAMANIN D.V. , ALEXANDROV A.A. , ALEXANDROVA I.A. , KONDRATYEV N.A. , KUZNETSOVA E.A. , JACOBS N. , MALAZA V. , PHAM MINH D. , ZHUCHKO V.E.
Published: May 2011

Collinear cluster tri-partition (CCT) channel in 252 Cf ( sf ) was studied using COMETA apparatus. The setup consists of a double arm time of flight heavy ion spectrometer with two mosaic "stop" detectors. Also included in the setup is a neutron registration channel based on 3 He filled counters. Specific CCT mode manifesting itself as a rectangular structure in the mass-mass plot of detected fragments was revealed both by neutron gating and direct detection of all three decay partners. Presumable scenario which stands behind the mode observed is discussed.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF 6Be CLUSTER DECAY
Authors: PAPKA P. , NEMULODI F. , BARK R. A. , KHESWA N. Y. , LAWRIE E. A. , LAWRIE J. J. , LIEDER E. O. , LIEDER R. M. , MADIBA T. E. , MULLINS S. M. , NEWMAN R. T. , IBRAHIM T. T. , SHIRINDA O. , SINGO T. D. , ÁLVAREZ-RODRÍGUEZ R. , GÁL J. , KALINKA G. , MOLNÁR J. , NYAKÓ B. M. , TIMÁR J. , FOX S. P.
Published: May 2011

A complete kinematics measurement was performed using the 6 Li (3 He ,t) charge exchange reaction to populate 6 Be at Elab = 50 MeV . Decay mode of the ground and first excited states were studied through the analysis of the energy and angular distributions of the break-up particles in the 6 Be center of mass frame. Two-body decay is observed above the first excited state but not firmly assigned to a 6 Be resonant state. Experimental challenges regarding the identification of true 6 Be events in the excitation energy region 5 < Ex < 20 MeV are discussed.
PROBING PRE-FORMED ALPHA PARTICLES IN THE GROUND STATE OF NUCLEI
Authors: SCARPACI J.A. , FALLOT M. , LACROIX D. , ASSIÉ M. , LEFEBVRE L. , FRASCARIA N. , BEAUMEL D. , BHAR C. , BLUMENFELD Y. , CHBIHI A. , CHOMAZ Ph. , DÉSESQUELLE P. , FRANKLAND J. , IDBARKACH H. , KHAN E. , LAVILLE J.L. , PLAGNOL E. , POLLACCO E.C. , ROUSSEL-CHOMAZ P. , ROYNETTE J.C. , SHRIVASTAVA A. , ZERGUERRAS T.
Published: May 2011

In this proceeding we report on alpha particle emission through the nuclear break-up in the reaction 40 Ca on a 40 Ca target at 50A MeV. It is observed that alpha particles are emitted to the continuum with very specific angular distribution during the reaction. The alpha particle properties seem to be compatible with an alpha cluster in the daughter nucleus that is perturbed by the short range nuclear attraction of the collision partner and emitted as described by a time-dependent theory. This mechanism offers new possibilities to study alpha particle properties in the nuclear medium.
EVIDENCE OF ROTATIONAL BEHAVIOR OF ALPHA-CLUSTERS IN32S,34SAND40Ca
Authors: NORRBY M. , LÖNNROTH T.
Published: May 2011

Elastic alpha-particle scattering from the nuclei28Si ,30Si and36Ar has been examined using the Thick Target Inverse Kinematics technique. Excitation functions for high excitation energy in the intermediate nuclei32S ,34S and40Ca have been constructed and analyzed in an approximative manner using a simplified R -matrix approach. The analysis reveals many similarities between the three cases, and shows groups of resonances of increasing spin with increasing energy, consistent with a picture of a rotating surface of a few alpha-particles orbiting an inert core.
NONAUTONOMOUS BIFURCATION OF BOUNDED SOLUTIONS: CROSSING CURVE SITUATIONS
Authors: PÖTZSCHE CHRISTIAN
Published: May 2011

Carathéodory differential equations naturally occur as path-wise realization of random differential equations and are amenable for deterministic calculus. In the setup of such nonautonomous differential equations with only measurable time-dependence, we present an approach to a bifurcation theory based on a topological change in the set of bounded entire solutions.

In such a setting of at least planar equations, we provide sufficient criteria for a nonhyperbolic entire solution to bifurcate into two branches of bounded or homoclinic solutions. As opposed to transcritical or pitchfork bifurcations, no trivial solution branch is supposed to exist in advance. In particular, we discuss a degenerate fold bifurcation pattern, where the transversality assumption is replaced by a nondegeneracy condition on the second-order derivative. Both bifurcation patterns are intrinsically nonautonomous and do not occur for time-invariant equations.

Our notion of a nonhyperbolic solution is based on the fact that the associate variational equation possesses exponential dichotomies on both semiaxes with compatible projectors. The resulting Fredholm theory allows one to apply recent abstract bifurcation results due to Liu, Shi and Wang (2007).
ON THE BASE SIZE OF A TRANSITIVE GROUP WITH SOLVABLE POINT STABILIZER
Authors: VDOVIN E. P.
Published: May 2011

We prove that the base size of a transitive group G with solvable point stabilizer and with trivial solvable radical is not greater than k provided the same statement holds for the group of G-induced automorphisms of each nonabelian composition factor of G.
ON #-INJECTIVE COMPLEXES
Authors: LIANG LI , DING NANQING
Published: May 2011

A complex C of R-modules is called #-injective if all terms Ci are injective R-modules for i ∈ ℤ. In this paper, we first give some characterizations and properties of #-injective complexes. Some relations between #-injective (pre)envelopes of a complex X and injective (pre)envelopes of the R-modules Xi are also given. Finally, we study the [Formula: see text]-dimensions of complexes, where [Formula: see text] is the class of #-injective complexes.
FINITE SETS OF AFFINE POINTS WITH UNIQUE ASSOCIATED MONOMIAL ORDER QUOTIENT BASES
Authors: LI ZHE , ZHANG SHUGONG , DONG TIAN
Published: May 2011

The quotient bases for zero-dimensional ideals are often of interest in the investigation of multivariate polynomial interpolation, algebraic coding theory, and computational molecular biology, etc. In this paper, we discuss the properties of zero-dimensional ideals with unique monomial order quotient bases, and verify that the vanishing ideals of Cartesian sets have unique monomial order quotient bases. Furthermore, we reveal the relation between Cartesian sets and the point sets with unique associated monomial order quotient bases.
R&D INVESTMENT DECISION ON EMERGING TECHNOLOGY
Authors: DENG GUANG-JUN , ZENG YONG
Published: May 2011

The prosperity of emerging technology may be triggered by the occurrence of rare events, and once emerging technology booms, there may be an enormous market demand for it. This paper explores the firm's commercial and R&D investment decisions on emerging technology in real options framework. We think that, for the fear that a rare event which occurs prior to R&D success would trigger the emerging technology boom, the firm should carry out prospective R&D in the emerging technology innovation. So the impacts of the R&D hazard rate and the intensity of rare event arrival on the prospective R&D investment strategy are mainly addressed. There are two results. First, the firm is most likely to take the strategy at low, rather than high, probability of technological boom in market-driven innovation. Second, in technology-driven innovation, the huge potential profit of emerging technology in booming period can arouse more attention toward the firm. When the growth rate of profit flow in booming period rises to some degree, the firm may take this strategy unconditionally.
A LEXICAL DECISION TREE SCHEME FOR SUPPORTING SCHEMA MATCHING
Authors: CHIEN BEEN-CHIAN , HE SHIANG-YI
Published: May 2011

To manipulate semantic web and integrate different data sources efficiently, automatic schema matching plays a key role. A generic schema matching method generally includes two phases: the linguistic similarity matching phase and the structural similarity matching phase. Since linguistic matching is an essential step for effective schema matching, developing a high accurate linguistic similarity matching scheme is required. In this paper, a schema matching approach called Similarity Yield Matcher (SYM) is proposed. In SYM, a lexical decision tree is presented to determine the linguistic similarity matching of the first phase. A structural matching algorithm is then proposed to find the structure similarity between two tree schemas. The proposed schema matching approach was evaluated by testing on several benchmarks of real schemas and comparing with other methods. The experimental results show that the proposed lexical decision tree substantially improves the linguistic similarity matching effectively and efficiently. The proposed SYM algorithm also performs high effectiveness on 1–1 schema matching.
A NEW MODIFIED TOTAL FRONT END FRAMEWORK FOR INNOVATION: NEW INSIGHTS FROM HEALTH RELATED INDUSTRIES
Authors: TROTTER PATRICK J.
Published: May 2011

This paper explores the front end innovation activities in a multinational Global Healthcare Company (GHC). A questionnaire was designed and distributed to front end innovators from 20 operating companies to understand team composition, essential skill sets, and the methodology used to assess customer needs, generate ideas, and define the selection criteria used during the go/no go decision. For each category the current state and best practice (based on the views of the individual respondents) for front end innovation was analyzed and reported in this paper. The results of this study reflect the opinions and suggestions of 37 respondents (23 that were at directorship level or above). These results were amalgamated and used to develop existing models of innovation to produce a framework (termed the Total Front End Framework (TFEF)) that should be useful for both senior managers and innovation teams to optimize their activities and increase the efficiency of the innovation process.