bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Correlation between Serum Tryptase Level and Ventricular Remodeling in Patient with Acute Coronary Syndrome After 1 Month of Onset
Authors: Yuni L D , Soemantri D , Ilman M I
Published: February 2020

Tryptase, an enzyme secreted by mast cell, is suggested to play a significant role in the pathophysiology of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and subsequent ventricular remodeling (VR). This study aimed to understand the correlation between the serum level of tryptase and VR in patients with ACS after one month of onset. Sampling method was total sampling where patients with ACS enrolled in the study were allocated into two groups based on their serum tryptase level, lower level (n=13) and higher level (n=12) groups. All subjects underwent echocardiography examination on admission to obtain their initial data and they were reevaluated one month later for the signs of VR. The occurrences of VR were examined by echocardiography with LVEDP and LVESV used as the VR parameters. Fisher Exact Test showed no significant difference between both groups in term of VR (p=0.668). The contingency coefficient analysis revealed no correlation between tryptase level and the occurrence of VR (p=0.113). However, the multiple regression analysis suggested that LVEDP and LVESV demonstrated multicollinearity to tryptase and VR. Although the current study concluded no correlation between tryptase level and VR following ACS, a prospective study with longer follow-up time is expected to gain more information.
Heat treatment strategies for hot-rolled medium-Mn sheet steels
Authors: Grajcar A. , Morawiec M. , Skowronek A. , Dykas J.
Published: February 2020

Heat treatment strategies for advanced high-strength medium-Mn sheet steels are addressed. A review of the available thermal cycles for cold-rolled and hot-rolled sheets are presented. The benefits from the intercritical annealing following hot-rolling are emphasized. The examples of intercritical annealing for the hot-rolled sheets of initial martensitic microstructure are provided. The heat treatment was performed in a temperature range of 680-720°C for various times from 1 to 5 hours. The material used in the experiment was a medium-Mn steel containing 0.16% C, 4.7% Mn, 1.6% Al, 0.2% Mo, 0.2% Si. The scope of the research included dilatometer tests, hardness tests and microstructural characterization. The effects of temperature and time on a stabilization of retained austenite are assessed. Intercritical annealing performed at 700 and 680°C allowed forming some stable retained austenite in the microstructure. Moreover, some coiling simulations for hot-rolled strips are described.
The experimental investigation of behaviour of expanded polystyrene (EPS)
Authors: Khalaj Omid , Mohammad Amin Ghotbi Siabil Seyed , Naser Moghaddas Tafreshi Seyed , Kepka Miloslav , Kavalir Tomáš , Křížek Michal , Jeníček Štěpán
Published: February 2020

Low-strength substrates and anthropogenic soils are always an issue in civil engineering. Based on the soil layer types, several methods could be used to improve the basic/foundation layer however it would be difficult to make sure if the specified requirements are achieved. Nowadays, Expandable Polystyrene (EPS) as a lightweight material found as a substitution for traditional methods like soil replacement, soil mixing, using piles driving and other treatment techniques. This paper will demonstrate the static properties of EPS foams in a view point of construction material which will be a key for the future study of these materials. A series of compression tests were carried out on different types of EPS foam to study the effect of EPS geofoam density on the mechanical behaviour of these materials.
Design and optimization of a closed die forging of nickel-based superalloy turbine blade
Authors: Kotous Jakub , Kubec Václav , Salvetr Pavel , Duchek Michal , Majer Miroslav
Published: February 2020

The nickel-based superalloys belong to widely used materials for most demanding industrial applications. The design and the experimental verification of manufacturing technology of NIMONIC 80A turbine blade is presented in this paper. A finite element (FEM) simulation was exploited for the closed die forging technology optimization. Based on the precision material model and boundary conditions, the deformation behaviour in the range of hot working temperatures was studied. The process conditions including the strain rates were preset according to the industrial scale practise. Based on the FEM simulation results the necessary tools were manufactured and the experimental closed die forging of turbine blades was performed. Subsequently, a heat treatment of forged blades was carried out. The minimum of 1300 MPa tensile strength was achieved. A metallographic survey was carried out to verify the structure homogenity.
Coiling simulations of medium-Mn sheet steels using dilatometry
Authors: Morawiec M. , Skowronek A. , Pakieła W. , Grajcar A.
Published: February 2020

The work presents the results of coiling simulations of two medium manganese steels containing 3 and 5% Mn. The steels were subjected to the heat treatment including an austenitization at 1000°C for 300s and next isothermal holding at temperatures of 750, 700, 650 and 500°C for duration of 5 hours. The results of dilatometric analysis showed that in case of the 3Mn steel the ferritic transformation occured during the isothermal holding at 750 and 700°C. The amount of ferrite created during this step at 750°C was smaller compared to 700°C. Lowering the temperature to 650°C led to a transformation lack during the holding time. At 500°C a bainitic transformation occurred. Increasing the manganese content resulted in prolonging the incubation time before any transformations. For the 5Mn steel for all isothermal holding temperatures no transformation occurred within 5 hours. The conclusion was that manganese shifted significantly the ferritic and bainitic regions to longer times.
Creating Employment in Some Indian Industries by Reducing the Working Shift Timing
Authors: Kumar Mr. Anil , Ms. Renu  , Bansal Sanjeev
Published: February 2020

A new programme, called ‘Skill India’, was launched in March 2015. The main goal of “Skill India” is to create opportunities and scope for the creation of the new talents of the Indian youth and also to identify new sectors for skill development. This programme targets of providing training and skill development to 500 million youth of our country by 2020, covering entire India. Now as the time is passing and we are getting new skilled labour we have a new problem of providing job to this skilled youth. The Start Up programme is set to meet such requirements but it is not enough to fulfil the job requirements of the skilled human power. Also, this is not very easy to set a new industry in a short span of time. So in this paper, I have tried to provide a new solution for increasing job opportunities in the existing industry. I tried to increase one more shift i.e. from existing 3 shifts to 4 shifts per day by reducing the working hours from 8 to 6. I got very exciting results which can be recommended for other industries also.
Exergoeconomic and enviroeconomic analysis of semitransparent and opaque photovoltaic (PV) panels: a comparative study
Authors: Mishra R K , Chaudhary Gagan , Tripathi Rajesh , Prasad Rajendra
Published: February 2020

In present communication the exergoeconomic and enviroeconomic analyses of two different stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) modules viz. semitransparent and opaque have been performed. The exergoeconomic examination is very useful way to investigate the correlation between capital cost and exergy losses. The enviroeconomic analysis describes the carbon dioxide mitigation by the system. The energy (electrical) produced annually by semitransparent and opaque PV panel is also evaluated. It is reported that the semitransparent panel shows better performance as for as energy saving are concern. Environmental cost reduction is found to be 128.7 Rs./year and 125.95 Rs./year for semitransparent and opaque PV modules, respectively.
Study of hybrid photovoltaic thermal systems
Authors: Saurabh Ashish , Atheaya Deepali , Kumar Anil
Published: February 2020

Sun is the primary source of renewable energy. It is abundant, inexhaustible and clean. It plays a very important role in the present energy crisis. Solar energy can be harnessed by hybrid photovoltaic thermal system to generate power and heat. These devices generate thermal and electrical energy simultaneously. Hybrid photovoltaic thermal systems have high efficiency. There is ample scope in this area as much work remains to be done. The hybrid system has huge potential in India where the availability of solar energy is spread throughout the country. The paper focusses on the study of hybrid photovoltaic thermal systems.
Achieving Lean and Improving Sustainability through Value Stream Mapping for Complex Manufacturing
Authors: Samant S , Prakash R
Published: February 2020

Lean manufacturing has helped companies to achieve reduced lean wastage, productivity, quality, and resource optimization. Value stream mapping (VSM) is an important tool in achieving lean orientation. It helps companies in enhancing the competitiveness of their production systems. Although, VSM is a very useful tool to achieve lean orientation, it suffers from several drawbacks. It is static pencil-and-paper tool. It cannot handle complex value streams. It does take into account monetary measures e.g. profitability of the value stream. Also, it does not include environmental impact of the value stream. This research paper overcomes the drawbacks of the VSM tool through an innovative framework involving the usage of discrete event simulation, box score, and life cycle assessment (lca).
Effect of microcapsules addition on impact properties of carbon fiber reinforced polymer and glass fiber reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Priya Jhanji Kanu , Asokan R , Amit Kumar R , Sarkar Shivanshu , Mahathi Guptha K , Kumar Sathish
Published: February 2020

Fiber reinforced composites are ubiquitous in the aerospace and automobile industries due to their significant superior characteristics such as strength to weight ratio, corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, specific strength and specific modulus. Impact is common kind of damage found in aircraft and automobile structures. The cause of damage may be sudden strike from a bird, falling of tool during servicing or striking of debris during transportation. Hence, predicting the behavior of composites under impact is necessary and also some mechanism to repair these damages should be found. So, this work aims at determining the effect of inclusion of microcapsules containing healing agents on impact behavior of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composite. The resin stuffed and hardener stuffed microcapsules were prepared by in-situ polymerization. These capsules of diameter ranging from 0.19 µm to 0.30 µm were mixed in epoxy resin system during the manufacturing of FRP laminates. Experimental investigation was performed under ambient conditions to observe the variation in impact properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) composites. It was observed that value of peak load was boosted with addition of capsules and more energy was absorbed during elastic deformation and less during plastic deformation. Also, partial healing was observed due to addition of capsules at 2.5 wt. %.
Model Prediction of Microcantilever using DOE for Stress and Eigen Frequency Analysis for Force Measurement
Authors: Lamba Monica , Nag Meetu , Chaudhary Himanshu , Singh Kulwant
Published: February 2020

In this paper, stress and eigen frequencies are analyzed through prediction of microcantilever model using design of experiment approach. The important factors affecting displacement sensitivity, stress and eigen frequencies were identified such as geometrical dimensions of microcantilever (length, breadth and thickness), modulus of elasticity of materials, applied force. Based on the selection of factors and levels, experiments were designed using L9 orthogonal array. The designed experiments were simulated with finite element method in COMSOL Multiphysics software. Further, optimum values of dimensions of microcantilever and material property are used for stress and eigen frequencies analysis. The evaluated frequencies under eigen frequency analysis revealed that designed and simulated Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) microcantilever is prone to vibrate at these frequencies, whereas stress analysis illustrates the response of structure and material properties towards reliability.
Optimization of Process Parameters on CNC milling machine for Mild steel IS 2062:2011 E250 Gr. A with AlTiN coated tool insert in wet condition
Authors: Nadaf Sumaiyya S. , Shinde Prof. Mrs. Minakshi Y.
Published: February 2020

Now a days manufacturing industries wants to increase the quality of product and reduce manufacturing cost. The aim of this project work is to reduction of energy consumption during the machining phase, reduce surface roughness and increase material removal rate by optimization of face milling process parameters of mild steed IS 2062:2011 E250 Gr A with Taguchi orthogonal array. 27 experimental runs based on L27 orthogonal array of Taguchi method were performed. Spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut this process parameters are optimized with multiple performance characteristics such as surface roughness (Ra), Material removal rate (MRR) and power consumption. The machining operation performed on VMC by using coolant with 63 mm cutter diameter. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is also applied to identify the most significant factor using Minitab software. The analysis can be done on AlTiN insert coating. At the last conformation test were performed.
Tracking Error Fitness Function V/F Control of Micro-Grid Based on Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Ma Leiming , Xiao Lingfei , Xu Min
Published: February 2020

This paper presents a method of V/f control parameters tuning for micro-grid based on genetic algorithm. Firstly, the fitness function which representing the tracking error of V/f control system in micro-grid is established. The solving path of genetic algorithm is optimized by using the offset threshold condition between the output voltage and the instruction voltage of the load side, leading to that the individuals with high priority will tend to the optimal solution in the target solution, obtaining the global optimal V/f control parameters. Secondly, the frequency domain response characteristics of equivalent output impedance of V/f control system are analyzed, and the influence of PI parameters on the whole control system is compared. The results shows that the V/f control parameters tuning based on genetic algorithm with the tracking error fitness function can effectively guarantee a constant output of micro-grid’s voltage and frequency. The effectiveness and the advantages of the method is verified by simulation result, which indicated that the proposed method is easy to implement and has a wide range of applications.
A Numerical Relay Implementation for Overcurrent Protection Based on ARM Cortex – M4 Microprocessor
Authors: Nguyen Anh V , Nguyen Lien B , Hoang Anh
Published: February 2020

Numerical overcurrent protection relays are the most extensively used devices to safeguard the power system from detrimental faults which might lead to a catastrophe. This paper presents a practical implementation of a numerical overcurrent protection relay based on ARM Cortex – M4 microcontroller embedded with a floating-point unit which has ability to perform complex calculation operations with a great accuracy for real-time protection algorithms. In order to implement, the system is designed to capture analog values of input currents by using Hall current sensors, analog conditioning circuits and 12 – bit A/D converters. Based on the measured input current values, a real-time signal processing algorithm for overcurrent protection is applied to produce an inverse - time characteristic according to the IEEE Standard C37.112-1996. The experimental results demonstrate that our numerical relay produces great performances in the real-time and has ability to protect electrical components from exceeded current faults satisfying the IEEE standard for overcurrent relays.
Simulation of Internal and External Electric Field of UHV DC Polar Bus Arrester under Pollution Conditions
Authors: Zhang Pipei , Shi Wei , Li Jie , Sun Jingwen , Wang Peng
Published: February 2020

Due to the adsorption effect of DC electric field on pollution particles, the pollution accumulation of DC arrester is more serious than that of AC arrester. In addition, the UHV DC polar bus arrester also has a parallel resistance pole inside, the external electric field and the internal radial electric field will be affected by the pollution distribution. In this paper, the electric field simulation model of UHV DC polar bus arrester under the condition of pollution was established, which was used to calculate and analyze the electric field on the surface of the insulating coat and the radial electric field between the resistance pole and the insulating coat when the overall pollution and the local dry belt of the arrester occur. The results showed that the overall pollution of the arrester would lead to the increase of the surface field strength and the internal radial field strength. While the value was small, it would not cause corona and flashover. When the partial dry belt occurred, it would form the partial high surface field strength and radial field strength on the surface of skirt and the air gap between the resistance piece and the insulating coat, which would cause flashover on the surface of the insulating jacket, corona discharge and penetration discharge between the resistance piece column and the insulating coat.
Research on Calibration Method of Temperature Field for Large Sealed High Temperature Equipment
Authors: Zhe Wang , Yao-yao Cui , Song-lin Yu , Ying Fan , Hao Sun , Xiao-dan Wang
Published: February 2020

Large sealed high temperature equipment usually refers to heat treatment equipment with a volume of more than 0.15m3, sealed structure and internal heating and constant temperature function. It is widely used in the fields of biochemistry, chemical pharmacy, medical and health, agricultural research, automobile and military industry. It`s a very important processing equipment. The accuracy of temperature field and vacuum sealing directly affect the quality of products. Taking the hot-pressing tank as an example, the furnace temperature tracker and wireless pressure module are used to calibrate it on the spot. According to the calibration results of temperature field distribution and temperature field performance, whether it meets the process requirements is analyzed.
Reproducibility of superhydrophobic and oleophobic polymeric micro surface topographies
Authors: Baldelli Alberto , Bschaden Ben , Amirfazli Alidad , Sameoto Dan
Published: February 2020

Micro-structured surfaces can provide useful material properties, such as repellency to water, oil, or alcohols. Multiple polymers were investigated based on micro molding replication fidelity of repellent structures using both advancing and receding contact angle measurements. Five different polymers (Loctite 3525, ST-1060, TC-854, TC-8740, and Teflon AF) were chosen based on a range of durometers, for each of which, a recommended curing process was presented. These polymers were micro-structured via a one-step replica molding to create mushroom shaped fibers with overhanging caps. Teflon AF, a low surface energy polymer, produced innovative superhydrophobic as well as oleophobic Micro Surface Topographies (MSTs). Advancing contact angles (CAs) of these microstructures were 166 ± 4.2, 151 ± 2.9, and 119 ± 2.2 when in contact with a water, ethylene, and olive oil droplet respectively. The highest reproducibility was achieved by using a curing procedure of 100 °C for 2 h. However, even in these conditions, 35% of MSTs were not fully reproduced. ST-1060 was considered a good alternative to Teflon AF since, even after five uses of the same casting mold, the advancing CAs decreased less than 2% when in contact with any liquid tested. Polymeric MSTs resistance to an external force was also examined using a gyratory shaker suggesting that softer materials, such as ST-1060, were required to survive exposure to environmental conditions.
Comparative study for seed layer solvent effects on structural and optical properties of MgZnO thin films deposited by chemical bath deposition technique
Authors: Baig Faran , Asif Ali , Ashraf Muhammad Waseem , Imran Muhammad
Published: February 2020

C-axis oriented Magnesium doped Zinc Oxide (MgZnO) thin films are promising candidates for variety of applications especially optoelectronic devices. In this work, the effects of seeding solvents on structural and optical properties of MgZnO films were analyzed. The comparison was performed by varying the seed layer solvent i.e. 2-Methoxyethanol, 2-Propanol, Ethanol and Methanol. MgZnO thin films were synthesized on different seed layered glass substrates using Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) method. The XRD results revealed the hexagonal wurtzite structure for all samples. However, the film with seed layer 2-Methoxyethanol solvent had preferred c-axis orientation and better crystallanity. For 2-Methoxyethanol solvent based seed layer: the morphological study showed wrinkled free, unfractured and highly aligned MgZnO nanorods grown perpendicular to the substrate. Energy dispersive x-ray (EDS) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of magnesium in ZnO film. Highest average transmittance of

80
%

and band gap value of

3.3

eV

was recorded through UV–vis spectroscopy. The optical constants (refractive index and extinction coefficient) were determined by reflectance and absorbance data. Furthermore complex dielectric constant and energy loss functions were estimated.
Influence of the sputtering glancing angle on the microstructure and adsorption characteristics of Zr-Co-RE getter films
Authors: Zhou Chao , Li Detian , Zhou Hui , Liu Xingguang , Ma Zhanji
Published: February 2020

Zr-Co-RE non-evaporable getter films have excellent gas adsorption performance therefore can be used in vacuum sealed electronic devices. The microstructure of getter films has vital effect on adsorption performance. In this paper, Zr-Co-RE films deposited by DC magnetron sputtering at different glancing angles are investigated including microstructures and adsorption characteristics. The surface and cross-sectional morphologies demonstrate loose, porous and columnar-like structure which forms because of low lateral mobility of Zr and Co atoms and shadowing effect of non-perpendicular sputtering. Zr-Co-RE films are amorphous or nanocrystalline structure. The films deposited at 90° glancing angle show large grain size. After Zr-Co-RE films are heated at 350 °C for 15 min, the H2 adsorption capacity and pumping speed at ambient temperature are tested. The films grown at 90° glancing angle have highest initial pumping speed (103.9 ml s−1 cm−2), which owe to its more gas diffusion path and active surface, meanwhile, the adsorption capacity is lower than 60° because of difficult and limited diffusion process into getter matrix. The films grown at 60° glancing angle have best adsorption capacity (71.5 Pa.ml cm−2) and pumping speed stability.
Development of FAIR conductor and HTS coil for fusion experimental device
Authors: Mito Toshiyuki , Onodera Yuta , Hirano Naoki , Takahata Kazuya , Yanagi Nagato , Iwamoto Akifumi , Hamaguchi Shinji , Takada Suguru , Baba Tomosumi , Chikumoto Noriko , Kawagoe Akifumi , Kawanami Ryozo
Published: February 2020

This study is aimed at the development of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets for application in a fusion experimental device next to the Large Helical Device (LHD). By applying the features of an HTS, high current density and high stability can be balanced. As a candidate conductor, REBCO tapes and pure aluminum sheets are laminated and placed in the groove of an aluminum alloy jacket with a circular cross-section, after joining a lid to the jacket using friction stir welding, and twisting the conductor to homogenize its electrical and mechanical properties. The FAIR conductor derives its name from the processes and materials used in its development: Friction stir welding, an Aluminum alloy jacket, Indirect cooling, and REBCO tapes. Initially, the degradation of the critical current of the FAIR conductor is observed, which was eventually resolved. The development status of the FAIR conductor has been reported.
A morphometric and molecular phylogenetic analysis of the African orchid genusStenoglottis(Orchidaceae: Orchidoideae)
Authors: Phillips Dean P , Bytebier Benny
Published: February 2020

Stenoglottis is a small genus of forest orchids endemic to continental Africa. Nine taxa have so far been described, but species boundaries in the genus are problematic and several of these taxa are not widely accepted. In this study, taxon boundaries were investigated by means of a combination of morphometric and phylogenetic analyses, with the aim of resolving species-level relationships and identifying practical diagnostic characters. Sequence variation was low, particularly in plastid DNA (atpI-atpH), and Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses of nuclear markers (ITS and ETS) did not resolve all of the putative taxa. Multivariate morphometrics (PCA, PCoA, cluster analysis) likewise did not support the recognition of all described Stenoglottis taxa, but they reliably distinguished some taxa that DNA data did not. Combined morphological and phylogenetic evidence supports the delimitation of five species and two varieties, for which characteristics of floral spurs, labella, leaves, bracts and auricles provide reliable diagnostic traits. These findings will form the basis of a taxonomic revision in which the proposed changes will be formalized.
An Interdependence Theory of Wedge Strategies
Authors: Huang Yuxing
Published: February 2020

A wedge strategy is a state’s attempt to prevent, break up, or weaken a threatening or blocking alliance. An asymmetric alignment consists of a great power (the alignment leader) and a small/middle power (the weaker ally). So when does the wedge strategy of a great power (a divider) towards a competitive asymmetric alignment work? I propose, based upon the ‘Crawford–Izumikawa debate’, an ‘interdependence theory’ of wedge strategies. In the case of an asymmetric alignment that is symmetrically interdependent, the wedge strategy of a divider that accommodates the weaker ally is most likely to succeed. However, a wedge strategy towards an asymmetric alignment that is asymmetrically interdependent is highly likely to fail. I evaluate the theory based upon four wedge strategies adopted in Cold War Asia through analysing American, Russian, and Chinese archival sources. As asymmetrically interdependent, the US–Japan and US–Taiwan alliances offset the impact of Chinese wedge strategies. Between 1955 and 1965, therefore, neither Chinese accommodation nor Chinese pressure could detach weaker American allies from the United States in East Asia. However, China successfully exploited the symmetric interdependence of the US–Pakistan alliance. Between 1962 and 1965, China’s accommodation of Pakistan prevented Pakistan from being used as an American base for containment purposes. Likewise, the Soviet Union took full advantage of the Sino–Vietnamese alignment’s symmetric interdependence, whereby Soviet aid to North Vietnam caused rifts in Sino–Vietnamese relations that eventually wrecked the Sino–Vietnamese alignment. According to the theory, therefore, given the asymmetric interdependence of the hub-and-spokes system, any Chinese attempts to weaken US-sponsored alliances in East Asia would not be effective.
Overlap in reproductive phenology increases the likelihood of cavity nest usurpation by invasive species in a tropical city
Authors: Diamond Joshua M , Ross Michael S
Published: February 2020

Multiple invasive cavity-nesting bird species can be present in a nest web, the network linking birds using cavities. We investigated the nest preferences and breeding phenologies of the cavity-nesting guild in the region surrounding Miami, Florida, USA, where invasive starlings, mynas, and parrots potentially usurp cavities from native woodpeckers and secondary cavity-nesters. We asked if the timing of reproduction determines which invasive species will usurp cavities from native birds with similar nest preferences. Nest usurpations between European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) and the woodpecker species present in Miami is well documented, but we predicted that a recently arrived sturnid species and introduced psittacids would also usurp nests. European Starlings had the largest breeding population of any species in our nest web, breeding during the peak of nesting season, and usurped the largest number of active nest cavities. We found that a small population of Common Mynas (Acridotheres tristis) usurped nests, sharing the peak-season nesting period with starlings and native woodpeckers. Parrots bred later than we expected, avoiding nest-site overlap with similarly large native birds that use cavities with similar characteristics. Parrots did not usurp any active nest cavities from native birds. Our results demonstrate how to use analysis of cavity characteristics and reproductive timing to evaluate threats to a cavity nest web posed by multiple invasive species. Common Myna currently usurp few nests; if they increase greatly in population, they could pose a problem for native cavity-nesters.
Immunological Variables Associated With Clinical and Endoscopic Response to Vedolizumab in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Coletta Marina , Paroni Moira , Alvisi Maria Francesca , De Luca Matilde , Rulli Eliana , Mazza Stefano , Facciotti Federica , Lattanzi Georgia , Strati Francesco , Abrignani Sergio , Fantini Massimo Claudio , Vecchi Maurizio , Geginat Jens , Caprioli Flavio
Published: February 2020

Background and Aims

Vedolizumab [VDZ] is a monoclonal antibody directed against the α4β7 integrin heterodimer, approved for patients with inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD]. This study aimed at identifying immunological variables associated with response to vedolizumab in patients with ulcerative colitis [UC] and Crohn’s disease [CD].

Methods

This is a phase IV explorative prospective interventional trial. IBD patients received open-label VDZ at Weeks 0, 2, 6, and 14. Patients with a clinical response at Week 14 were maintained with VDZ up to Week 54. At Weeks 0 and 14, their peripheral blood was obtained and endoscopy with biopsies was performed. The Week 14 clinical response and remission, Week 54 clinical remission, and Week 14 endoscopic response were evaluated as endpoints of the study. The expression of surface markers, chemokine receptors, and α4β7 heterodimer in peripheral blood and lamina propria lymphocytes was assessed by flow cytometry. A panel of soluble mediators was assessed in sera at baseline and at Week 14 by 45-plex.

Results

A total of 38 IBD patients [20 UC, 18 CD] were included in the study. At Week 14, the clinical response and remission rates were 87% and 66%, respectively. Higher baseline levels of circulating memory Th1 cells were strongly associated with clinical response at Week 14 [p = 0.0001], whereas reduced baseline levels of lamina propria memory Th17 and Th1/17 cells were associated with endoscopic response. Immunological clusters were found to be independently associated with vedolizumab outcomes at multivariable analysis. A panel of soluble markers, including IL17A, TNF, CXCL1, CCL19 for CD and G-CSF and IL7 for UC, associated with vedolizumab-induced Week 54 clinical remission.

Conclusions

The results of this exploratory study uncovered a panel of circulating and mucosal immunological variables associated with response to treatment with vedolizumab.
Making Sense of Computational Psychiatry
Authors: Mujica-Parodi Lilianne R , Strey Helmut H
Published: February 2020

In psychiatry we often speak of constructing “models.” Here we try to make sense of what such a claim might mean, starting with the most fundamental question: “What is (and isn’t) a model?” We then discuss, in a concrete measurable sense, what it means for a model to be useful. In so doing, we first identify the added value that a computational model can provide in the context of accuracy and power. We then present limitations of standard statistical methods and provide suggestions for how we can expand the explanatory power of our analyses by reconceptualizing statistical models as dynamical systems. Finally, we address the problem of model building—suggesting ways in which computational psychiatry can escape the potential for cognitive biases imposed by classical hypothesis-driven research, exploiting deep systems-level information contained within neuroimaging data to advance our understanding of psychiatric neuroscience.
Stylized Facts and Comparative Statics in (Social) Science Inquiry
Authors: Narang Neil , LeVeck Brad L
Published: February 2020

In a recent article, David Blagden (2019) critiques our research published in the International Studies Quarterly (LeVeck and Narang 2017a), in which we draw on the well-known “wisdom of crowds” phenomenon to argue that, because democracies typically include a larger number of decision makers in the foreign policy process, they may produce fewer decision-making errors in situations of crisis bargaining. As a result, bargaining may fail less often. Blagden's critique focuses on two supposed flaws: first, that “[d]emocracies may have a larger number of more diverse policymakers, of course, but this relationship is not necessary,” and second, that “weighing against the superior ability of large groups to average towards accurate answers, meanwhile, is a substantial drawback of larger groups: the diminishing ability to take and implement decisions” due to additional veto players. In this article, we demonstrate the ways in which we believe Blagden's critique to be misguided in its approach to social science inquiry. In particular, we argue that much of his critique requires that we reject two hallmarks of scientific inquiry: the use of stylized facts in theory building; and the use of comparative statics to generate testable hypotheses.
A New Technique for Determining Chemical Structure by Gas Chromatography
Authors: Beroza Morton , Acree Fred
Published: February 2020

A new technique that helps determine the chemical structure of organic compounds in microgram amounts utilizes a hot catalyst-containing tube that attaches to the injection port of a flameionization gas chromatograph. Hydrogen, the carrier gas, conducts the sample over the heated catalyst, and in this process saturates multiple bonds and removes halogen, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen atoms. The hydrocarbon products, which exit into the chromatographic column and separate in it, are the parent hydrocarbon and/or the next lower homolog. These data help determine the carbon skeleton of a wide variety of compounds, which may contain as many as 24 connected carbon atoms. The position of functional groups (e.g., ketones, alcohols, amines) may frequently be determined from the fragmentation pattern. A "neutral" catalyst composed of palladium on diatomaceous earth is the best catalyst found to date. Temperature programming of the analytical column has certain advantages in this procedure. Experimental data and discussion of different catalysts, flow rate, ring structures, operating parameters, comparison of this technique with pyrolysis and mass spectrometry, and limitations are included. Two apparatus designs permit collection of sufficient hydrocarbon product for characterization by another procedure. The technique is especially useful for identification of compounds available in only minute amounts, such as gas chromatographic fractions and degradation fragments of natural products.
Analysis of Radioactive Compounds by Gas Chromatography
Authors: Karmen Arthur
Published: February 2020

The use of radioactive tracers, analysis of the radioactive compounds by gas chromatography, and measurement of the radioactivity in the effluent of the GLC column represent a powerful combination of techniques that will facilitate the performance of many kinds of studies. The radioactivity can be measured in a number of ways, each of which has been studied, and the experimental conditions necessary for successful operation of each have been defined. Among other applications, this methodology can be used to study biosynthetic pathways in vivo and in vitro, as in fatty acid synthesis, to study relative rates of metabolism of groups of compounds, to determine traces of specific compounds in complex mixtures, and to calibrate the gas chromatograph.
Organic Arsenicals in Feeds
Authors: Hoffman Harold H
Published: February 2020

Two variations of the silver diethyldithiocarbamate color development for arsenic were compared with the molybdenum blue procedure, 33.005. Aliquots of common ash digests were used to insure that equal amounts of arsenic were present for each color development. On 3 feeds, each containing 145 ppm arsanilic acid, 15 collaborators reported recoveries averaging 98.8% for molybdenum blue and 94.7% for AgDDC. When the AgDDC method was modified by cooling the extracts to 5°C just prior to arsine evolution, recovery was increased to 96.6%. Since the arsenic source was arsanilic acid, collaborators were asked to also assay by the Bratton-Marshall color method, 33.007—33.009. Although the recovery was 100.6%, it is noteworthy that the collaborators also found an average of 11.7 ppm arsanilic acid in a base feed sample with no added arsenical.
Determination of Malathion in Formulations
Authors: Orloski E J
Published: February 2020

A second collaborative study was made of the Norris colorimetric method for malathion as modified by Upham to use acetonitrile as extraction solvent and by Ware to use a procedural standard instead of a standard curve. The following variables were evaluated: temperature change, levels of malathion, volume of alkali, shaking time, volume of ferric reagent, oxidizing time, deterioration of copper complex, interference of lubricant, effect of ultraviolet radiation, interference of other pesticides. The method was rewritten to take account of these variables. On the basis of collaborative results, the method is recommended for adoption as official, first action.
Total Dodine Residues in Fruits
Authors: Pasarela N Robert
Published: February 2020

A study was made of the method of Steller, et al., for determination of total dodine residues in fruits. The dodine is extracted with ethanol-chloroform and forms a complex with bromocresol purple, which is extracted into chloroform and hydrolyzed. Dodine is determined by spectrophotometric measurement of the absorbance of the hydrolysate at 590 mμ. Collaborative recoveries of added dodine from 0.1 to 10 ppm on apples, peaches, pears, strawberries, and pecans were satisfactory, and the method is recommended for adoption as official, first action.
Determination of Nicotine Residues on Foods
Authors: Martin Robert , Schwartzman George
Published: February 2020

A collaborative study was made of Schwartzman’s method for residues of nicotine in waxy crops and leafy crops. The nicotine is stripped from leafy crops with ammoniacal benzene-chloroform and from waxy crops with ammonium hydroxide, extracted with acid, and measured on an ultraviolet spectrophotometer. Average recoveries by five collaborators were 95.9% for waxy crops and 103.8% for leafy crops. It is recommended that the method be adopted as official, first action.
Separation and Measurement of Perthane, DDD (TDE), and DDT in Leafy Vegetables by Electron Capture Gas Chromatography
Authors: Klein A K , Watts J O
Published: February 2020

A column and a method are described by which mixtures of the olefins of Perthane, DDD, and DDT can be completely resolved and accurately measured by electron capture gas chromatography. The column consists of a 2.5% substrate coating composed of a 1:1 proportion of SF-96 and polyester 2,2-diethyl-1,3-propanediol-isophthalate on Celite.
Analysis of Acetone Peroxide Premixes for Bleaching and Maturing Flour
Authors: Taylor James T
Published: February 2020

A quantitative and a qualitative method for the determination of acetone peroxides were subjected to collaborative study. Quantitative analyses are based upon liberation and titration of hydrogen peroxide from acyclic peroxides and hydroperoxides by dilute sulfuric acid and standardized potassium permanganate, respectively. Single determination of 6 samples (varying in per cent levels of peroxide equivalent) each of baking premixes and milling premixes produced very good collaborative results. Qualitative analyses, achieved by comparing infrared spectra of acetone-extracted organic peroxides with acetone-extracted organic peroxides from a reference premix, gave peaks characteristic of the premixes. No interferences were seen from various starch blanks. Both the quantitative and the qualitative methods are recommended for adoption as official, first action.
Antihistamines Combined with Phenylephrine Hydrochloride and Codeine Phosphate or Dihydrocodeinone Bitartrate in Elixirs
Authors: Hyatt Rupert
Published: February 2020

A procedure has been developed for analysis of combinations of antihistamines with phenylephrine hydrochloride and codeine phosphate or dihydrocodeinone in cough sirup. The method involves separation by partition column chromatography and determination by spectrophotometric measurement, or by gas chromatography when more than one antihistamine is present. Recoveries from known mixtures were 99— 100.5% of the three ingredients.
Chemical Identification of Bird Excrement in Egg Products
Authors: Thrasher Joel J
Published: February 2020

The official, first action qualitative method for uric acid in avian excreta in egg products was modified to make it more sensitive and was submitted for collaborative study. Results were good and the method, modified for particles < 1 mg, is recommended for adoption as official, first action.
A Rapid Procedure for Extraction of Extraneous Materials from Flour
Authors: Reed Garland L , Miller Mary T
Published: February 2020

Preliminary studies were conducted to determine the effect of viscosity and specific gravity of the extracting solvent on the recovery of extraneous materials from flour. Results showed no statistical differences, and studies were initiated to develop a more rapid procedure. The unpublished procedure of Cory, which uses a household detergent and eliminates the need for the Wildman trap flask, was modified and studied. Compared with the official procedure, the modified procedure is less time consuming, eliminates the long digestion period, requires less special technique, and results in filter papers that are clean and easy to examine.
Determination of Vanillin by Ultraviolet Absorption
Authors: Feexy Fraxk J
Published: February 2020

Because the official chromatographic method for vanillin, ethyl vanillin, and coumarin in vanilla extracts is timeconsuming, a sorting procedure based on ultraviolet absorption was developed for rapid determination of vanillin in the absence of the other two components. Small amounts of coumarin are detected by its green fluorescence under alkaline conditions. Thirteen collaborators analyzed four samples for vanillin by the official and the proposed methods; seven checked for the presence of coumarin. On the basis of results, the method is recommended for adoption as official, first action.
Determination of Vanillin and Ethyl Vanillin by Gas-Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Marten Glenn E , Feeny Frank J , Scaringelli Frank P
Published: February 2020

A rapid method has been developed in which gas-liquid chromatography is used to separate vanillin and ethyl vanillin in vanilla samples and determine them quantitatively. A flame ionization detector is used for the vanillin determination. 2-Phenoxyethanol is used as internal standard. The presence of any other substances is eliminated.
Rapid Determination of Furazolidone in Feed
Authors: Stone Loyal R
Published: February 2020

Furazolidone is extracted from feed into dimethylformamide-carbon tetrachloride solution and isolated by chromatography on an alumina column. After extraction into water the absorbance of furazolidone itself is measured without color development. The procedure requires much less laboratory time than method 33.025 and has the additional advantage of being specific for furazolidone. Accuracy is at least equal to that of the official method over the range 0.0055% to 0.033% furazolidone.
Separate Determination of Furazolidone and Nitrofurazone in Feeds
Authors: Stone Loyal R
Published: February 2020

Furazolidone is separated from nitrofurazone by chromatography on an alumina column from dimethylformamide- carbon tetrachloride solution. The drugs are extracted into water with interferences remaining in the carbon tetrachloride phase. Each drug is then converted to 5-nitrofurfural phenylhydrazone and determined colorimetrically
Effect of Atmospheric Pressure on Reichert-Meissl and Polenske Values of Butterfat
Authors: Dunn Thomas C , Weiss Louis C
Published: February 2020

Three samples of butter were tested at four atmospheric pressures to determine the effect of pressure on the Reichert- Meissl and Polenske values. The effect is not of great significance. In view of improved methods for determining the adulteration of butter with vegetable oil, it is recommended that the study be dropped.
One-step Cleanup of Chlorinated Insecticide Residues by Chromatography on Carbon-Celite Mixtures
Authors: Moats William A
Published: February 2020

one-step chromatographic cleanup technique for chlorinated insecticides has been developed in which carbon (Nuchar)-Celite mixtures are used. Insecticides are selectively eluted from the adsorbent with 20% (v/v) acetone in ethyl ether. Procedures are described for cleanup of residues in fat up to 0.8 g of fat and for cleanup of extracts of green leafy plant materials. Cleanup is satisfactory for paper chromatography. Aldrin, chlordane, DDD, DDE, DDT, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, Kelthane, lindane, Thiodan, and thiodandiol were recovered quantitatively or nearly so. Methoxychlor and toxaphene were partially recovered.
Summary of Results of the Collaborative Tests on the Rhodamine B Colorimetric Method for Antimony
Authors: Bartlet J C , Monkman J L
Published: February 2020

In acid solution, pentavalent antimony forms a colored complex with Rhodamine B that can be extracted with an organic solvent such as benzene or toluene. The method was tested by ten collaborators on three samples. The average recovery was 105% with a coefficient of variation of about 10%. The method has been recommended for adoption as official, first action.
Oxidative Metabolism and Persistence of Trithion on Field-Sprayed Lettuce
Authors: Coffin D E
Published: February 2020

Trithion was applied to field-growing lettuce, and samples were removed at various times after spraying and analyzed for Trithion and its oxidative metabolites. Trithion persisted in growing lettuce for 21 days. Five oxidation products of Trithion appeared within 4 hours of spraying and persisted for up to 21 days. The results indicate that the principal route of oxidation of Trithion involves thioether oxidation to form the sulfoxide and then the sulfone, followed by phosphorothionate oxidation to form the thiolphosphate sulfone.
Determination of Polysorbate 80 in Bakery Products and Frozen Desserts
Authors: Hall Martha J
Published: February 2020

A gravimetric method has been developed for determining polysorbate 80 at levels of 0.05 and 0.1% in bread, ice cream, and cake mix. The sample is hydrolyzed and saponified with hydrochloric acid and potassium hydroxide, respectively, and the liberated glycol is extracted with chloroform. The residue from the chloroform extracts is dissolved in water, and the fatty acids are extracted with petroleum ether. The glycol is then re-extracted from the aqueous solution into chloroform. The chloroform extract is evaporated to dryness, and the residue is dissolved in water and precipitated with phosphomolybdic acid. Recoveries at the 0.05% level ranged between 75 and 105%, and at the 0.1% level, between 85 and 107%.