bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Causa of Johannes Falkenberg and Synodal Praxis at the Council of Constance (1414–1418): Between Council and Pope
Authors: Provvidente Sebastiano
Published: January 2023

While the council fathers at the Council of Constance (1414–1418) managed to achieve a specific condemnation of the theses of Wyclif, Hus. and Jerome of Prague, in the case of Jean Petit, the council only made a very general judgement of tyrannicide through the decree Quilibet tyrannus. Something similar occurred with some of the theses of Johannes Falkenberg as, even though its author was imprisoned and his theses were condemned as seditious, they were not expressly condemned as heretical by the council, giving rise to strenuous complaints from representatives of the Polish crown to Pope Martin V, who made a protest at the last session of the council claiming that the case had not been properly decided and presenting an appellatio ad futurum concilium. This article analyzes the dispute over the theses of Johannes Falkenberg at the Council of Constance, focusing on the debates that took place within the natio gallicana. It also attempts to explain the correlation between the consolidation of conciliar authority and the course of the Falkenberg case.
Flesh and Blood vs Rigor of Justice The Concepts of Justitia and Aequitas in “Processus Satanae contra genus humanum”
Authors: Zaitseva Arina
Published: January 2023

A fifteenth-century treatise, Processus Satanae contra genus humanum, is a peculiar artefact of late medieval culture as it blends theological, theatrical, and juridical elements significant for the period. Intended as a manual for law students, it provided an idealized example of an ordinary court hearing. According to the plot, the Devil files a complaint against the entire humankind and demands that it returns to his possession. He sends a demonic representative to defend his interests, while the Virgin Mary assumes the role of humankind's lawyer. The trial is presided by Jesus Christ the judge. After an exhausting debate, the forces of good win the case. Underneath this entertaining and grotesque façade lies a serious discussion about different types of justice and their importance for a real-life judge, lawyer, or plaintiff. The author of Processus Satanae distinguishes two types of justice — justitia and aequitas. Justitia refers to rigorous justice of human law, while aequitas refers to righteousness coupled with mercy. The latter comes directly from God; without aequitas, justitia becomes rigid law that has no real power in Christian sense. Since the Devil and his servant rely exclusively on justitia, as they do not know misery and empathy, they ultimately lose the case. In this way, the treatise warns law students against following the letter of law blindly and without regard for individual circumstances.
Estudio correlacional de complicaciones técnicas, biológicas, estéticas y nivel de satisfacción en tratamientos realizados en la Cátedra de Prótesis de Coronas y Puentes II de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción
Authors: Servín-Barrios Gloria Licia , Jacquett-Toledo Ninfa Lucia
Published: January 2023

El objetivofue determinar la asociación correlacional que pudiera presentarse entre las complicaciones técnicas, biológicas y estéticas y el nivel de satisfacción de los tratamientos realizados en la Cátedra de Prótesis de Coronas y Puentes II de la Facultad de Odontología de la UNA en el 2019. Este fue un estudio observacional descriptivo, analítico, de corte transverso. Se incluyeron pacientes que recibieron tratamientos del 2016 al 2018. Acudieron 59 pacientes para la evaluación clínica y aplicación del cuestionario. Se analizaron los datos según número de tratamientos encontrados en cada sujeto, por lo que se calcularon los resultados según 119 tratamientos. Las complicaciones biológicas pulpares fueron la sensibilidad o molestia al frio o al calor en los pilares en un 20.1%. Se encontró asociación muy significativa de las complicaciones biológicas pulpares (p>001) con estado civil, complicaciones biológicas periodontales, complicaciones estéticas cervicales. Las complicaciones biológicas periodontales fueron en mayor frecuencia la gingivitis alrededor de la restauración en un 40,4%. El nivel de satisfacción con el tratamiento recibido se presentó favorable en un 89,1% y asociación muy significativa (p>001) con grado de instrucción y significativa (p>005) con estado civil.Se encontró asociación muy significativa de las complicaciones estéticas cervicales, las complicaciones estéticas de forma y significativa de las complicaciones biológicas periodontales con el nivel de satisfacción
Evaluación de disponibilidad y preparación de servicios de salud en el primer nivel de atención de cinco regiones sanitarias del Paraguay durante el 2022
Authors: Giménez-Caballero Edgar , Amarilla María Gloria , González-De Mestral César , Araújo-Quevedo José Modesto
Published: January 2023

Paraguay definió como prioridad lograr acceso y cobertura universal basado en Atención Primaria de Salud, incorporando a las Unidades de Salud de la Familia (USF) en las comunidades. El objetivo del estudio fue proporcionar métricas para gestionar mejoras en la red asistencial nacional analizando el grado de preparación del primer nivel de atención para proveer servicios de salud integrales. El diseño fue no experimental, cuantitativo, transversal, descriptivo con componente analítico. Incluyó a 216 establecimientos de las Regiones Sanitarias de Concepción, Amambay, Caaguazú, Canindeyú e Itapúa que representaban el 88% del total de USF de estas regiones. Se adaptó el método de evaluación SARA de la OMS con 82 indicadores trazadores, aplicando un cuestionario en línea dirigido a profesionales de salud en julio de 2022. El índice de preparación se midió de 0 a 1 y resultó que el 66,2% de las USF eran rurales y 33,8% urbanas. La mediana de preparación general fue 0,655 mientras que la mediana de la capacidad de diagnóstico fue 0,500, de disponibilidad de medicamentos esenciales 0,625, de infraestructura 0,650, de capacidad para prevenir infecciones 0,667 y de disponibilidad de equipamiento básico 0,833. Sólo el 13,89% tuvo una preparación suficiente, 75,0% intermedia y 11,11% baja. Hubo menor desempeño en las áreas rurales y el 31,02% carecía de personal completo según la norma. Se concluyó que las USF presentaron limitaciones para proveer servicios de salud integrales a las comunidades y que se requiere mejorar el desempeño con base en evaluaciones y ajustes periódicos.
Distribución de virus de papiloma humano de alto riesgo oncogénico y otras infecciones de transmisión sexual en mujeres paraguayas con y sin virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana
Authors: Villagra-Carrón Verónica , Bobadilla Maria Liz , Olmedo Gladys Beatriz , Pratt-Santacruz Pablo , Ortiz Rocio Violeta , Lopez-Ibarra Gladys , Gimenez Diana , Avila Mercedes , Kawabata Anibal
Published: January 2023

El virus de papiloma humano de alto riesgo oncogénico (VPH-AR) es causa necesaria pero no suficiente para la ocurrencia de cáncer de cuello uterino (CCU). Mujeres portadoras del virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) presentan mayor riesgo de desarrollar lesiones precursoras del cáncer de cuello de útero, por ello, el objetivo del presente trabajo prospectivo de corte transversal fue determinar la frecuencia de VPH-AR y otras infecciones de transmisión sexual-ITS (condilomas, sífilis, virus del herpes simple, gonorrea, citomegalovirus, hepatitis B) en 218 mujeres con y sin VIH que acudieron al Programa Nacional de Lucha contra el SIDA (PRONASIDA) desde julio 2017 hasta marzo 2021. Se encontró que 16/54 (29,6%) mujeres VIH-positivas presentaron infección por VPH-AR en comparación a 41/164 (25%) mujeres VIH-negativas (p>0,05). En relación a la edad, mujeres VIH positivas presentaron una frecuencia comparable de infección por VPH-AR (<30 años: 27,3% vs >30 años 30,2%), a diferencia de mujeres VIH negativas donde hubo una disminución significativa de la infección por VPH-AR luego de los 30 años (<30 años: 33,8% vs >30 años 18,8%, p= 0,028). Esto podría explicarse por la inmunosupresión observada en mujeres VIH positivas que podría favorecer infecciones persistentes, sugiriendo que deben ser controladas más cercanamente. Además, se observó mayor frecuencia de otras ITS en mujeres VIH positivas (29,6% vs 15,8%, p=0,026), lo cual sugiere que aparte del monitoreo más cercano, es fundamental fortalecer la educación sobre factores de riesgo para la ITS sobre todo VPH y VIH, así como la realización de prevención primaria por vacunación contra el VPH
Fibrosis pulmonar familiar en el síndrome de Hermansky-Pudlak
Authors: Pérez-Bejarano Domingo
Published: January 2023

La fibrosis pulmonar familiar en el contexto del síndrome de Hermansky-Pudlak es una entidad nosológica poco frecuente y cuyo único enfoque terapéutico definitivo es el trasplante pulmonar en los estadios avanzados. Describimos algunos aspectos clínicos diagnósticos y terapéuticos que configuran el manejo de las enfermedades huérfanas en países como el nuestro
Evaluación citogenética en parejas con esterilidad e infertilidad que concurren al Departamento de Genética del Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción en el periodo septiembre 2021- febrero 2022
Authors: González-Caballero Andrea , Fernández-Martínez Silvia , Torres-Fernández Elodia
Published: January 2023

La prevalencia de la infertilidad no posee datos muy exactos y varía en cada región, pero se estima que aproximadamente entre un 10 a 20% de las parejas experimentan algún problema de fertilidad durante su vida reproductiva. Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), entre 48 millones de parejas y 186 millones de personas padecen de trastornos reproductivos en todo el mundo. El objetivo de este estudio fue la evaluación citogenética en parejas con esterilidad e infertilidad que concurrieron al Departamento de Genética del Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción (IICS-UNA) en el periodo septiembre 2021 a febrero 2022. Dicha evaluación citogenética fue realizada en muestras de 19 parejas mediante el análisis microscópico de 30 metafases por paciente. Se identificaron anomalías cromosómicas en algunas parejas estudiadas, se encontraron tres anomalías cromosómicas estructurales y varios polimorfismos o variantes cromosómicas. En el 63% de los individuos estudiados se observó un cariotipo normal, en el 8% alteraciones cromosómicas y en el 29% variantes cromosómicas. De las anomalías cromosómicas encontradas, las deleciones y translocaciones observadas se relacionan con una producción de gametos desequilibrados, dando lugar a abortos espontáneos y a la imposibilidad de concebir; en las parejas con cariotipo normal, se identificaron factores de riesgo como la edad, hábitos tóxicos como el consumo de tabaco, y enfermedades de base
Epidemiologia del trastorno mental en población infanto juvenil en pandemia. Servicio de urgencias del hospital psiquiátrico de Paraguay, periodo 2020 a 2021
Authors: Maggi Carol , Vázquez-Alcaraz Juan José , Vian Olivia , Centurión Claudia , Vera-Vargas Miguela , Ovelar Lilian
Published: January 2023

Los trastornos mentales en la población infanto juvenil son motivo de preocupación para los organismos de salud, siendo más evidente en tiempos de pandemia. El presente trabajo se centró en el objetivo de describir la epidemiologia de casos de trastorno mental en la población infanto juvenil del Servicio de Urgencias del Hospital Psiquiátrico de Asunción Paraguay, entre 2020 y 2021. La metodología fue de un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo de corte trasversal, aplicado a 135 niños y adolescentes que estuvieron internados durante el periodo de estudio, mediante la revisión de historias clínicas. Los principales resultados fueron: 60% mujeres, 96% adolescentes, disminución del 10% en las consultas en el 2021 en comparación al 2020, los principales motivos de consulta fueron el cambio conductual 40%, auto agresividad 27% y agresividad/irritabilidad 22%, 42% presentó antecedentes patológicos familiares, 23% requirió internación, 73% contó con un diagnóstico psiquiátrico, las cinco principales patologías psiquiátricas en la muestra fueron la depresión mayor 21%, trastornos de la personalidad 16%, trastorno psicótico breve 13%, trastornos por consumo de múltiples sustancias 13% y psicosis no orgánica sin especificación 11%. El maltrato se presentó en el 7,4% y de ellos el 90% fueron mujeres. Con el trabajo se evidenció que los trastornos mentales en esta población cuentan con características similares a las de otras investigaciones relacionadas al tema en lo referido a sexo, motivo de consulta, patologías frecuentes y maltrato; siendo una de las principales la relacionada con los trastornos de la conducta.
Resistencia antimicrobiana en Escherichia coli de muestras cecales de bovinos para carne faenados en frigoríficos de la zona del arroyo Mburicao, Asunción-Paraguay. Año 2021
Authors: Melgarejo-Touchet Nancy , Busignani Sofía , Dunjo Pamela , Brítez Mariel , Weiler Natalie , Orrego Verónica , Alonzo Mirian , Martínez-Mora Mario
Published: January 2023

La resistencia a los antimicrobianos es una de las preocupaciones más importantes a nivel mundial, ya que determina un aumento de la morbimortalidad de los pacientes y el incremento de los costos de la atención de salud; problema cuyo abordaje debe ser realizado bajo el enfoque de Una Salud. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue evaluar la resistencia antimicrobiana en Escherichia coli provenientes de muestras cecales de bovinos de carne faenados en frigoríficos de la zona del Arroyo Mburicao, Asunción-Paraguay, de setiembre a noviembre de 2021. Fueron colectadas 181 muestras de ganados provenientes de la Región Oriental y Occidental, y cultivadas en agar cromogénico suplementados con ciprofloxacina, colistina, cefotaxima y meropenem. Las colonias aisladas fueron identificadas, genotipificadas (PCR convencional) y sometidas a pruebas de susceptibilidad. El principal hallazgo fue la confirmación de la resistencia a las fluoroquinolonas en un 8,3% debida a la portación de los genes Qnr S, Qnr B y aac-6´-Ib-cr, involucrados en el mecanismo plasmídico de resistencia a quinolonas. Además, la resistencia acompañante encontrada en los aislamientos resistentes del 100% a tetraciclina y 53% a trimetoprim/sulfametoxazol. No se encontraron aislamientos con resistencia a cefotaxima, colistina y meropenem. Los resultados obtenidos son de suma relevancia para la generacion de conocimiento sobre los perfiles de resistencia de microorganismos en el sector veterinario, pudiendo contribuir a la elaboración de guías nacionales para el uso prudente de antimicrobianos y apoyando al trabajo multisectorial en la lucha para la contención de la resistencia antimicrobiana
Estado nutricional, fuerza de prensión manual y condición funcional en adultos mayores institucionalizados
Authors: Meza-Paredes Johana Vanessa , Aguilar-Rabito Ana , González Laura
Published: January 2023

Los cambios propios de la edad podrían indirectamente afectar al estado nutricional en los adultos mayores, siendo la dependencia funcional un episodio desalentador. El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar el estado nutricional, el nivel de prensión manual y la condición funcional en adultos mayores institucionalizados en el Centro Especializado para adultos mayores dependiente del Instituto de Previsión Social de la ciudad de San Bernardino en el periodo septiembre y octubre del 2018. Para ello se diseñó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con datos primarios, se incluyeron a adultos mayores albergados en el Centro Especializado para adultos mayores de San Bernardino. Se midieron datos demográficos, estado nutricional por MNA, fuerza de prensión manual por dinamometría y condición funcional a través de la EFAM. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva. El trabajo fue presentado al Comité de ética de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción. Se analizaron datos de 26 adultos mayores, cuya edad media fue 76±5 años. El 61,5% eran mujeres, prevaleció un estado nutricional normal en el 84,6%, y se encontró una mayor tendencia a presentar muy mala fuerza de prensión manual en mujeres, 22,2%. Mayor frecuencia de adultos mayores sin riesgo de dependencia, 80,8%. Hombres con mayor dependencia que las mujeres, 60%. En la muestra de estudio se observó estado nutricional normal, y fuerza de prensión muy mala en mujeres. Los adultos mayores del Centro Especializado para adultos mayores del Instituto de Previsión Social presentan condición funcional autovalente sin riesgo
Conocimientos de la población adulta sobre etiquetado nutricional de alimentos
Authors: Recalde Ariel , Meza-Miranda Eliana Romina
Published: January 2023

Los consumidores a menudo informan dificultades para interpretar la información cuantitativa contenida en las etiquetas nutricionales de los alimentos. El objetivo fue estudiar los principales conocimientos sobre etiquetado de alimentos que la población adulta del Paraguay tiene incorporado en el periodo de agosto de 2021. Este es un estudio descriptivo observacional de corte trasversal en el cual se evaluaron a adultos de ambos sexos de 18 a 60 años consumidores de alimentos con etiquetado nutricional. Se recabarón datos sociodemográficos y de conocimientos sobre etiquetado nutricional de alimentos a través de una encuesta tipo on-line con la herramienta de Google forms. El 73% fueron del sexo femenino, la edad promedio fue de 36,9 años, 57,1% residía en Gran Asunción, 49,1% tenía nivel educativo universitario y 37,5%eran profesionales de la salud. Los aspectos generales sobre etiquetado nutricional revelaron que 88,3% sabía su concepto, 55,3% refirió que lo lee casi siempre, 84% sabía que es obligatorio y 44% se fijaba más en las calorías. Al evaluar los conocimientos generales, 91% sabía la diferencia entre caducidad y consumo preferente, 71,4% conocía el concepto de cantidades orientativas, 62,5% supo cuáles son las grasas menos saludables, y 71,4% respondió correctamente el concepto de alimento light. Los encuestados tuvieron un conocimiento general adecuado sobre etiquetado nutricional, no obstante, hubo un porcentaje considerable de individuos que no supieron los conceptos básicos, por lo que se debe realizar intervenciones de educación nutricional enfocadas al consumidor
Potential effects of essential oils in safeguarding the health and enhancing production performance of livestock animals: The current scientific understanding
Authors: C R Hari Sankar , Rajan Nithin S , Raida  , V K Sreya , Suresh Shreya , P S Harisankaran , P Sheela , M Pran , R Priya , Yatoo Mohd. Iqbal , Chopra Hitesh , Emran Talha Bin , Dey Abhijit , Dhama Kuldeep , Chandran Deepak
Published: January 2023

The food sector competes in a cutthroat environment, and it constantly struggles to maintain or even grow its market share. For customer confidence and consumption to remain strong, consistent animal products are needed. The qualitative attributes of the derived goods appear to be improved by the addition of bioactive substances to food, such as essential oils (EOs), and consumers are shielded from the impacts of bacterial and oxidative deterioration. Due to the current controversy surrounding synthetic chemicals and their alleged carcinogenic potential, a substantial study has been done to find effective and safe substitutes. Aromatic plants and the corresponding EOs from them are considered natural products and are typically employed in ruminant nutrition. Since dietary supplementation has been demonstrated to be an easy and practical method to successfully suppress oxidative processes or microbial deterioration at their localized sites, the addition of EOs in animal diets is now becoming a regular practice. However, there is just a little amount of evidence supporting the notion that these compounds may improve nutrient absorption and gastrointestinal health. Additionally, a variety of factors affect how well EOs works in animal diets. These variables can be, on the one hand, the erratic composition, and the many additions to the diet, and, on the other hand, erratic animal genetic elements. Maximizing the use of EOs and creating high-quality products require a deeper understanding of the composition and activity of the gastrointestinal tract microbiota. Numerous EOs contain bioactive substances with the potential to serve as multifunctional feed supplements for animals, with impacts on growth performance, the digestive system, the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and lipid oxidation, among others. To establish their regular use in animal production and to determine their precise mechanism of action, more research is required. The potential advantages of EOs for livestock health and production are highlighted in the current article.
A Review on Bacterial Degradation of Benzo[a]pyrene and Its Impact on Environmental Health
Authors: KUMARI BEEMA , CHANDRA RAM
Published: January 2023

Benzo[a]pyrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) having a high molecular weight. Benzo[a]pyrene and other PAHs are induces severe acute or chronic human health hazards and are extremely carcinogenic, mutagenic, immunotoxic, and teratogenic. Microorganisms play a crucial part in the degradation of benzo[a]pyrene from polluted environments. Such micro-organisms synthesize monooxygenase and di-oxygenase enzymes that proceed with the aerobic or anaerobic catabolic degradations of benzo[a]pyrene. Bioaugmentation, biomineralization, and biostimulation methods can be used for the decontamination of benzo[a]pyrene from hydrocarbon contaminated sites. In this review paper, we thoroughly explained the impacts of benzo[a]pyrene pollution on human health and the environment. Further, this study also described various pathways regarding the bio-degradation of benzo[a]pyrene and also an updated overview of future prospects of benzo[a]pyrene biodegradation.
Essential oils as valuable feed additive: A narrative review of the state of knowledge about their beneficial health applications and enhancement of production performances in poultry
Authors: P R Anuranj , P S Harisankaran , S Adithya Krishna , S Parvathy , Prakash Gautham , Savanth V Vishnu , M Pran , Chopra Hitesh , Emran Talha Bin , Dey Abhijit , Dhama Kuldeep , Chandran Deepak
Published: January 2023

New research has begun to develop safe and effective alternatives to feed-antibiotics as growth enhancers in response to mounting pressure on the poultry sector to do so. There is a significant demand for poultry products all across the world right now. To achieve this goal, key performance indicators are optimized, such as the rate of chicken growth, the amount of feed used, and the health of the flock as a whole. As a result of this growing need, various alternatives to antibiotics have entered the market. New approaches are desperately needed to keep poultry productivity and efficiency at a high level in the face of mounting pressure to limit the use of antibiotics. Recent years have seen an uptick in interest in the potential of aromatic plant extracts as growth and health boosters in poultry. The great majority of plants' positive effects are accounted for by essential oils (EOs) and other secondary metabolites. EOs have been proven to promote digestive secretion production, improve blood circulation, exert antioxidant qualities, reduce levels of dangerous microbes, and maybe improve the immune status of poultry. EOs are often believed to be safe, non-toxic alternatives because they are all-natural, chemical-free, and devoid of potentially harmful deposits. EOs are extracted from plants, and while there are thousands of them, only approximately 300 have been deemed to have significant commercial value. Many different types of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites are negatively affected by EOs in multiple studies conducted both in vitro and in vivo. The review covers the fundamentals of EOs, their anti-oxidant and immunomodulatory capabilities, their growth-promoting benefits, and their effectiveness against numerous diseases in poultry.
Techniques of Bioremediation using bacteria for the treatment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: A Review
Authors: Mishra Anuja , Kaur Rasanpreet
Published: January 2023

The term "hydrocarbon" is self-explanatory and refers to solely carbon and hydrogen compounds. Hydrocarbons play an important role in our everyday lives. Hydrocarbons, particularly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, harm biota. The relatively fast introduction of xenobiotic compounds, as well as the enormous movement of natural materials to various environmental compartments, can often overwhelm the self-cleaning capabilities of the recipient ecosystem, resulting in pollution and accumulation of hazardous or even lethal levels. Bacteria capable of hydrocarbon degradation are frequently used in the bioremediation of fuel oil-contaminated sites. Presently, multiple sophisticated methodologies, transcriptomics, proteomics and are effectively utilized for the depiction of hydrocarbons degrading microorganisms. These expertises are highly developed, and its integration with bioinformatics tools makes it even more efficient. Though health science and biological science are the major relevant areas for molecular docking, it has been effectively used to explore the process of bio-degradation in ecological remediation in recent years. This review focuses on the sources, fate of PAHs, human exposure, various computational aspects associated with PAHs, and some approaches of synthetic biology related to pollutant degradation and PAH‑degradation by genetically engineered microorganisms.
Functional, and phylogenetic analysis of maleylacetate reductase of Pseudomonas sp strain PNPG3: An in-silico approach
Authors: Alam Sk Aftabul , Saha Pradipta
Published: January 2023

Shrinking freshwater ecosystems are under tremendous pollution threat due to anthropocentric activities. Para nitrophenol (PNP), a well-documented priority pollutant extensively used in dyes, petrochemical, pharmaceutical, explosives, pesticides, leather industries, and agrochemicals, is responsible for contaminating aquatic ecosystems globally. It is highly toxic and has carcinogenic and mutagenic effects on living organisms like humans and several animal models. Bioremediation approaches mainly involving bacteria are considered the best, most eco-friendly, cost-effective, green, and clean method for effective removal PNP from its contaminated sites. This manuscript highlights the structural and functional analysis of a lower pathway enzyme involved in PNP degradation, maleylacetate reductase (MR), from Pseudomonas sp strain PNPG3, which was recently isolated from a freshwater ecosystem. This enzyme plays a role in converting maleylacetate to 3-oxoadipate. Despite its crucial functional role, no model is available for this protein in the protein database (PDB). Therefore, attempts were made for the computational investigation of physicochemical, functional, and structural properties, including secondary, and tertiary structure prediction, model quality analysis, and phylogenetic assessment using several standard bioinformatics tools. This enzyme has a molecular weight of about ~37.6 kDa, is acidic and thermostable, belonging to a member of iron-containing alcohol dehydrogenase. Moreover, this study will benefit the scientific community in deciphering the prediction of the function of similar proteins of interest.
The epidemiological and neurological risk factors of Japanese encephalitis virus in the population of Assam, Northeast India
Authors: Kumari Namrata , Medhi Subhash , Talukdar Anjan Jyoti , Deka Manab , Kashyap Priyanka , Kalita Manash Jyoti , Kalita Simanta
Published: January 2023

Japanese encephalitis is one of the world's most common public health issues, particularly it is prevalent in the north-eastern Indian states of Assam. This study aimed to find out the risk factors linked to clinical and epidemiological characteristics. A total of 245 cases were found as PCR-positive in Assam. The most common clinical symptoms were fever (87%), seizure (65%), altered sensorium (60%), cold with shivering (74%), vomiting (68%), throat irritation (31%), cough (67%), chest pain (10%), joint pain (18%), mouth ulcer (18%), diarrhea (29%), pain in the abdomen (42.9%), runny nose (64%), redness in eyes (78%), jaundice (25%), and blood in the sputum (25%).   Further, the neurological symptoms included vision problems (66.5%), hearing difficulties (55 %), neck stiffness (62%), limb numbness (65%), dizziness (77%), headaches (75.5%), speaking difficulties (63%), hydrophobia (47%), and abnormal behavior (66%). The epidemiological risk factors included contact with pigs (57%), bats (21%), cattle (32%), and rates (66%). In addition, 24.5% of patients observed the death of animals/birds. The protection measure included window screening, sleeping under a mosquito net, and use of insect repellent while sleeping in open compounds (29%) and floods (63%) are considered important risk factors. JE-positive cases include daily habits like working in agriculture fields (28%), in standing water (16%), swimming in nearby lakes (24%), traveling outside their village (40%), and wearing shirts while working in the field (20%), storing water in open containers in or outside the house (62%). These were the epidemiological factors that affected the abundance of the potential mosquito vectors of the JE infection.
Validation of a method to elute viruses from different types of face masks
Authors: Morsy El-Senousy Waled , Hassan Hassan Abdellatif Faten , Mohamed Ahmed Hend , Abd-Elmaksoud Sherif
Published: January 2023

Due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, it is crucial to study the efficiency of face masks in retaining viruses for the upcoming years. The first objective of this study was to validate a method to elute viruses from polyester and cotton face masks. We observed that deionized water followed by 3% beef glycine (pH 9.5 or pH 7.2) was significantly more efficient (p < 0.05) in eluting the bacteriophage phiX174 virus from polyester (4.73% ± 0.25% to 28.67% ± 1.89%), polyester/cotton (3% ± 0.33%), and cotton (1.7% ± 0.21%) face masks than 3% beef glycine only (pH 9.5 or pH 7.2) as a single eluent (3.4% ± 0.16% to 21.33% ± 0.94% for polyester, 1.91% ± 0.08% for polyester/cotton, and 1.47% ± 0.12% for cotton face masks). Also, deionized water was significantly less efficient as a single eluent for eluting bacteriophage phiX174 from all the studied face mask types. The polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation method was substantially more efficient (p < 0.05) as a second step concentration method for the viruses in the eluates than the organic flocculation (OF) method. Higher viral loads were eluted from polyester face masks than cotton ones. We also found varying viral loads in the eluate solutions from different commercial polyester face masks, with the highest percentage seen for the N95 face mask. The second objective was to apply the validated method to study the effect of autoclaving on the different face mask materials. Results of the study did not show any significant differences in the viral loads eluted from the studied face masks before and after one and five autoclaving cycles. Moreover, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis revealed no changes in the yarns, elongation, tensile strength, and contact angle measurements of the polyester or cotton materials after one or five autoclaving cycles.
Screening, identification, and antibiotic activity of secondary metabolites of Penicillium sp. LPB2019K3-2 isolated from endemic amphipods of Lake Baikal
Authors: Morgunova Maria M. , Pereliaeva Ekaterina V. , Dmitrieva Maria E. , Belyshenko Alexander Y. , Konovalov Alexander S. , Telnova Tamara Y. , Shelkovnikova Victoria N. , Vlasova Anfisa A. , Axenov-Gribanov Denis V.
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to assess the influence of nutrient media content on the production of antibiotics and the ability of water fungi isolated from lake Baikal to synthesize novel natural products. Interest in this topic stems from the high demand for new drugs, and studies are carried out via the screening of new natural products with biological activity produced by unstudied or extremophilic microorganisms. For this study, a strain of Penicillium sp. was isolated from endemic Baikal phytophagous amphipod species. Here, we identified natural products using the following classical assays: biotechnological cultivation, MALDI identification of the strain, natural product extraction, antimicrobial activity determination, and modern methods such as HPLC-MS for the dereplication and description of natural products. It was found that many detected metabolites were not included in the most extensive database. Most of the identified metabolites were characterized by their biological activity and demonstrated antibiotic activity against model Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The isolated strain of water fungus produced penicolinate B, meleagrin A, austinoneol A, andrastin A, and other natural products. Additionally, we show that the synthesis of low-molecular-weight natural products depends on the composition of the microbiological nutrient media used for cultivation. Thus, although the golden age of antibiotics ended many years ago and microscopic fungi are well studied producers of known antibiotics, the water fungi of the Lake Baikal ecosystem possess great potential in the search for new natural products for the development of new drugs. These natural products can become new pharmaceuticals and can be used in therapy to treat new diseases such as SARS, MERS, H5N1, etc.
Influence of foliar application with Moringa oleifera residue fertilizer on growth, and yield quality of leafy vegetables
Authors: Chanthanousone Hatsadong , Phan Thao Thu , Nguyen Co Quang , Nguyen The Dieu Thi , Dang Long Thanh , Hoang Ho Nhi Thi , Le Nguyen Bao Quy , Truong Hai Thi Hong
Published: January 2023

Biofertilizers produced from organic materials help to promote the growth, and yield quality of crops and is more environmentally friendly than chemical fertilizers. Moringa oleifera is a leafy vegetable whose leaves are also used to make biofertilizers. The use of moringa non-edible parts in biofertilizer preparation remains under-explored. In this study, a procedure to produce moringa foliar biofertilizer (MFB) from non-edible parts was developed. The effect of composting time (3 to 4 months) on the quality of MFB was investigated, and four-month incubation was found suitable for biofertilizers yield with the highest nitrogen content and optimal pH. Furthermore, the influences of MFB doses (20 to 100 mL per Litre) on the growth of lettuce and mustard spinach were studied. The yield of these leafy vegetables was the highest at 100 mL per Litre of MFB spray. Finally, MFB was compared with other commercial foliar sprays, including chitosan fertilizer and seaweed fertilizer. Each foliar treatment was applied every five days until five days before harvest. Plant height, the number of leaves, canopy diameter, leaf area index, actual yield, ascorbic acid content, and Brix were found to be similar in lettuce sprayed with MFB, chitosan, and seaweed fertilizers. In conclusion, the application of MFB promoted the growth and yield of mustard spinach.
Career Preferences of Bangladeshi Public University Business Students
Authors: Rahman Md. Mostafijur , Hussain Md. Tuhin , Salam Farjana , Hussain Md. Sabuj , Talukdar Md. Hasan
Published: January 2023

Planning a career can be defined as a sequence of processes that build up a career. Choosing the right career is essential for business graduates, especially in this competitive age. This study aims to identify the career preferences of business background students of Public Universities in Bangladesh and the factors that influence their career choice, which will help the business policy maker. Both the structured and the semi-structured questions containing pre-coded and open-ended questions were used to development of the questionnaire. Likert scale and multiple-choice were also used in the questionnaire. For this study, we have 97 respondents as our sample size. We have done frequency analysis, ratio analysis, percentages, and means to reach our objective. The result shows that most business students prefer Government/Public sector jobs, especially Bangladesh Civil Service (BCS). Teaching is the second choicest profession for graduates. The key factors influencing career choice are authority and power, social recognition, job security, mental satisfaction, and payment. The most common constraints graduates face when choosing a career are a lack of practical education, subject-specialized jobs, practical education systems, unfair hiring process, and experience needed at an entry-level position. However, the findings of our study will help both students and policy maker about career-related issues. Furthermore, the in-depth extracted policies are recommended to bring more insight into the matter.
El Índice de Marginación del Conapo transformado en indicador cardinal: 50 años de marginación comparada en el tiempo
Authors: Peláez Herreros Oscar
Published: January 2023

Objetivos: Demostrar que el Índice de Marginación (IM) calculado mediante análisis de componentes principales (CP) puede expresarse en términos cardinales. Recuperar los valores del IM para las entidades federativas desde 1970.Metodología: Se normaliza el IM a partir de los conceptos de marginación nula y marginación absoluta y se comprueba que esa transformación verifica el postulado de homogeneidad. Se estima el IM por CP para el periodo 1970-2020.Resultados: El IM normalizado es cardinal en términos de las carencias observadas para las comparaciones inter-territoriales. La marginación tiende a reducirse a lo largo del tiempo.Limitaciones: Se comprueba que el IM no permite realizar comparaciones inter-temporales estrictas al estimarlo por CP o por el método de distancia de Pena (DP2). Las comparaciones interanuales son sólo aproximadas.Originalidad: En contra de lo que afirman estudios previos, se demuestra que la técnica de CP puede generar un IM cardinal.Conclusiones: El IM calculado por CP es útil para realizar comparaciones cardinales inter territoriales e inter-temporales, incluso a largo plazo.
Transforming juvenile behavior through reward and punishment approaches
Authors: Bakar Noor Insyiraah Abu , Dawi Amir Hasan , Hashim Abdul Talib Mohamed , Zalli Mohd Muslim Md , Suppian Zahari
Published: January 2023

Reward and punishment are approaches that have long been used to change an individual's behavior. Juveniles are individuals below predetermined aged involved in behaviors that are contrary to the laws of a country. These juveniles need a lengthy process in transforming their acts in reference to rehabilitation process. Thus, this paper examined the extent to which this rehabilitation process could succeed through reward and punishment in transforming the juveniles’ behaviors. This study comprised three case studies of chosen three rehabilitation schools in three different zones (North, central, and south). A total of 8 teachers, 3 counsellors, 3 school administrators, 3 social welfare workers, and 12 juveniles had agreed to be the respondents of this purposive sampling study. Meanwhile, the data was gathered through in-depth interviews and detailed observations on rehabilitation process. The result shows behavioral change among juveniles achievable through rewards and punishments. Indeed, the importance of implementing reward and punishment to assist the juvenile rehabilitation process in these studies’ context is undeniable.
Student creativity development: The role of teacher innovation and intrapreneurial school culture
Authors: Suparno Suparno , Firstianto Agung , Nurjanah Siti , Disman Disman , Widhiastuti Ratieh
Published: January 2023

The entrepreneurial leadership of school principals is a top priority for developing teacher innovation. Creativity and innovation in economic learning also need to be developed in an intrapreneurial-based culture. This study aims to investigate the interconnectedness between school principals’ intrapreneurial leadership and teacher Innovation, and examine the role of creativity and school culture of public high school teachers in Indonesia. This research was conducted using a survey method in three public high schools in Jakarta of Indonesia. A simple random sampling method was applied to identify the participants of this research, which comprised 100 teachers. Teacher innovation is measured through developing methods, strategy, services, and opportunities. Principal intrapreneurship is measured through leadership daring to take risks, providing opportunity, being proactive, and developing technology. The school culture variables are also measured in values, applicable norms, tradition, and confidence. The data followed validity and reliability analysis, and it was tested using multiple linear regression. The results of the study indicate that the principal’s intrapreneurial leadership and school culture positively affect teacher innovation, either partially or simultaneously. Therefore, for the development of teacher innovation, there is a need to develop principal’s Intrapreneurial Leadership with risk-related courage, as well as school culture on compliance with applicable norms in work organizations.
Analyzing the Impact of Financial Resilience on the Lives of Individuals and Household Post Covid-19 in Indian Economy
Authors: Pandey Akhilesh R. , Tiwari Shrish Kumar
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Economic crisis is a global phenomenon. When the crisis hits, many people are affected. This paper is an attempt to analyze the impact of financial resilience on the lives of individuals and households. In this study we analyze what are common financial shocks that individuals can face and how they tend to cope with this and our recommendations.

Methodology: Literature review and comparative study of consumption and consumer credit across diverse market.

Main Findings: The intensity of the economic crisis may vary from one person to another, depending on the individual financial resilience. Some households are less resilient to financial shocks than others. This may be because they have low levels of savings, have limited access to affordable credit, already hold high levels of debt or lack the skills required to manage household budgets.

Implications: Financial resilience is difficult to estimate because it is a dynamic concept – the ability to recover quickly from an income or expenditure shock. Savings are in anticipation to the challenges face which might hinder the achievement of financial goals, hence there is a scope for new saving/investment products which are more comprehensive in nature.

Novelty: We over a period have witnessed that there is a social support to the society during economic crisis but what is required is organization resilience rather than developing personal capabilities. The resilience should go beyond financial vulnerabilities and encompass mental stability, emotional wellbeing, education attainment etc.
A case study of the Adoption of Electronic Payment Methods by Spaza Shop owners in Mkhuhlu Township in South Africa
Authors: Mafuwane Hluphi Constance , Muchie Mammo
Published: January 2023

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the usage of mobile technologies by spaza shop (tuck shop) owners in South Africa. It also evaluates opportunities created using mobile communication.

Methodology: Interviews were conducted with 110 small, micro, and medium enterprises (SMMEs) operating spaza business shops in Mkhuhlu and Calcutt in the Bushbuckridge Municipality in Mpumalanga, South Africa. Police officers, South Africans, Somalians, and Indians were interviewed. Data was collected through self-completion questionnaires. Interviews were conducted in English as most participants needed help understanding African languages.

Main Findings: Technological skills are needed for the township business owners. Safety and security must support SMMEs in townships by protecting their owners and resources against criminals. Spaza shop owners must invest in training to advance their business skills and advance in technology to do business.

Implications: Aligned to the Native-owned spaza shops in the selected townships, informal traders, related businesses, other townships, academics, and policymakers may draw vital lessons from this study

Novelty: First time this kind of study is being conducted at Bushbuckridge Municipality with spaza shop owners.
Ingredients Behind Fruitful Success: Entrepreneurship Strategies Towards Entrepreneurial Training Design
Authors: Tariga Jonathan N. , Español Joshua B. , Afan Rodel D.
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The province of Quirino, Philippines, is known for producing agricultural products like corn and rice. However, the issue in this industry is limited to purchasing and selling rice and corn. Therefore, this study was conducted to address the rampant percentage of unsuccessful entrepreneurs.

Methodology: This study used a descriptive research design to gather data in which four selected successful entrepreneurs of the province were interviewed as participants. The participants were chosen based on their business years and the other companies they have produced aside from trading. The researchers' data is classified based on the similarity of the responses of the participants.

Main Findings: Based on the information gathered from the participants, it was determined that successful entrepreneurship is a large-scale business free of stress and debt. They also identified potential business trading challenges, such as natural disasters and depreciation. Problems persist due to a lack of organizational and management skills, resulting in unsuccessful entrepreneurship.

Implications of study: This study sought to know the secrets and techniques of the successful entrepreneurs in Quirino Province that could be helpful for some small-scale businesses.

Novelty of study: This research intended to create a training design that may be necessary for some people who want to venture their own business and serve as a manual for entrepreneurs in the province of Quirino.
Modernization of Education Governance Based on Accelerative Paradigm Among Pesantren Communities in Madura, Indonesia
Authors: Mohammad_Thoha Mohammad , Hannan Abd
Published: January 2023

This study examines the modernization of education governance through an accelerated learning paradigm among pesantren in Madura. This mixed-method study gathered primary data through interview and observation, while the secondary data were gained from relevant literature sources. This study uncovered two significant findings using education management and social change theories. First, the dynamics of education system governance at several pesantren  in Madura have undergone a transformation over the past decade. This transformation is highlighted by the emergence of an accelerated learning system at several pesantrens. Second, implementing an accelerated learning program in the pesantren is conducted by performing modernization on the education governance, entailing two aspects, curriculum and period of study. In the curriculum aspect, accelerated learning and modernization takes shape in the form of learning material implementation based on Takhassus (specialization) program, which uses summaries of several subjects compiled from various book references or sources of the same discipline. In addition, through the takhassus program, each learner can manage and complete their study period in a shorter time.