bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and implementation of a Sezer gastrostomy care bundle using the Knowledge to Action framework
Authors: Sezer Ceren Rana Elcin , Talas Melek Serpil , Akcay Kezban , Basar Fatma , Halil Meltem
Published: January 2025

Background

This project aimed to develop an evidence‐based nursing care bundle after gastrostomy feeding tube insertion and implement it into clinical practice using the Knowledge to Action (KTA) framework.

Methods

This mixed‐method design project was conducted in a university hospital between December 2021 and June 2022. The project was carried out in four phases: (1) development of an evidence‐based care bundle, (2) education for care bundle training, (3) implementation of the care bundle, (4) evaluation of the care bundle. Nurses’ compliance with bundles was measured using All‐or‐None measurement. The analysis of the qualitative interview conducted was performed using the content analysis method of Graneheim and Lundman.

Results

The developed Sezer gastrostomy care bundle consists of three parameters (peristomal area care, tube feeding, and medication administration through the feeding tube) and a total of 14 elements to be applied by nurses under these parameters. Compliance rates for peristomal area care, tube feeding, and medication administration through feeding tube parameters were 100%, 98.66%, and 98.66%, respectively. Two themes and six subthemes emerged: (1) reflection of using the Sezer gastrostomy care bundle on nursing care and (2) adoption of Sezer gastrostomy care bundle.

Conclusion

The gastrostomy care bundle was developed in accordance with the Institute of Healthcare Improvement's recommendations. The KTA framework provided an appropriate structure to transform evidence into practice, meticulously address barriers, evaluate outcomes, and ensure sustainability. The project found that nurses complied with all its parameters. Studies evaluating the effect of the gastrostomy care bundle on patient outcomes are recommended.
Stroke and associated comorbidities in Southeast Asian countries
Authors: Datta Aishika , Akundi Soumya , Wagh Kaveri , Bhurle Gangadhar , Sarmah Deepaneeta , Sharma Arvind , Shah Sudhir , Borah Anupom , Saraf Shailendra , Bhattacharya Pallab
Published: January 2025

Stroke, a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, is a complex cerebrovascular disease. Stroke risk factors are diverse, encompassing age, sex, and ethnicity. Comorbid conditions, including hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and atrial fibrillation, exacerbate stroke outcomes, contributing to the overall stroke burden within populations. In addition to these factors, lifestyle‐related diseases can impact individuals across all age groups, and often include as comorbidities linked to stroke. Socioeconomic conditions, healthcare access, and the quality of clinical data significantly influence the prevalence of comorbidities. Asia, the largest continent and home to 60% of the world's population, includes many developing nations undergoing diverse economic transitions. In Southeast Asian countries, stroke prevalence is high, imposing a substantial burden on healthcare systems and economies. Research disparities in stroke are often attributed to insufficient demographic data on comorbidities. Hence, the review discusses all previously published results of hospital‐based studies and data from national registries. It has been noticed that due to insufficient documentation on stroke‐related comorbidities in various developing countries of Southeast Asia, stroke management becomes difficult. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the association between various comorbidities and stroke, with special emphasis on the incidence and prevalence of stroke burden in Southeast Asian countries.
Standard Versus Reduced Hydration to Improve Elimination of High‐Dose Methotrexate in Pediatric Patients: A Controlled Crossover Trial
Authors: Noda Cady , Gwaltney Lindsey , Sabo Roy , Lo Megan , Schefft Matthew
Published: January 2025

Background

Hydration and urine alkalinization are the mainstays for the prevention of methotrexate‐induced nephrotoxicity. Current oncology protocols recommend pediatric patients who are administered high‐dose methotrexate (HDMTX) to be aggressively hydrated with an alkaline solution, which may lead to overhydration. This pilot study sought to determine whether reduced posthydration results in a shorter time to methotrexate elimination without increasing adverse effects.

Methods

A prospective randomized controlled crossover study design of pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia was performed. Patients were randomized to begin with standard or reduced volume intravenous fluids. Over the course of four cycles of HDMTX, patients alternated between the standard rate of 125 mL/m2/h and a reduced volume rate of 62.5 mL/m2/h. The primary endpoint was the time from the start of HDMTX to a serum methotrexate concentration less than 0.1 µmol/L.

Results

Data from 37 HDMTX courses were analyzed in 10 patients aged 1–17 years. The median time to methotrexate elimination was similar between the standard and reduced hydration regimens at 71.7 h (60.8–115.6 h) versus 72.9 h (59.9–132 h, p value = 0.6539). There was no difference in the change from baseline to maximum creatinine (10% vs. 18.9%, p value = 0.6566), maximum weight gain (0.7 kg vs. 0.4 kg, p value = 0.0967), or rates of severe mucositis between hydration regimens.

Conclusion

Reduced posthydration appeared to be safe and provided similar time to HDMTX elimination. A multicenter study is indicated to confirm the use of reduced hydration to optimize supportive care in pediatric patients administered HDMTX.

Trial Registration: NCT03964259.
Community‐Based Participatory Research to Address the Disproportionate Burden of Breast Cancer in Black Women
Authors: Hailu Helen , Gay Starla , Chen Wei‐ting , Tuttle Chiquita , Waugh Juanita , Guillory Regina , Williams‐Omenka Lenora , Love Barakah , Hollis Taylor , Spinzi Stav , Rosas Lisa G.
Published: January 2025

Objective

Black/African American women with breast cancer have disproportionately higher mortality rates and report experiencing a lower quality of life during survivorship compared to non‐Hispanic white women. Despite support for the integration of peer navigation in cancer care and survivorship to address these inequities, Black/African American women often have limited access to culturally tailored peer navigation programs. We aimed to investigate the unique needs and strengths of Black/African American women with breast cancer and survivors to inform the development of a culturally tailored peer navigation program for Black/African American women.

Methods

We developed a community‐university partnership based on best practices of community‐based participatory research. The partnership conducted storytelling sessions with Black/African American survivors of breast cancer and their caregivers and key informant interviews with community partners and applied thematic analysis.

Results

A total of 14 survivors and 4 caretakers took part in storytelling sessions and 6 community partners took part in key informant interviews. Themes from the storytelling sessions included spirituality, social support, information seeking, and relationship with care team. These themes were then incorporated into developing the theoretical basis, structure, and content of the BLACC peer navigation program. The key informant interviews were instrumental in building new partnerships to support the implementation of the peer navigation program.

Conclusions

The community‐university partnership successfully identified the unique needs and strengths of Black/African American women who either had breast cancer or were survivors of breast cancer, identified valuable resources, and secured buy‐in from community leaders to develop a comprehensive peer navigation program.
Evaluation of Low‐Pressure Microwave Oxygen Plasma as an Ecofriendly Way to Control Three of the Most Important Pests of Stored Date Fruits Infesting Egyptian Cultivar Siwi
Authors: Zinhoum Rasha A. , El‐Shafei W. K. M. , Elashry S.
Published: January 2025

Insect pests in stored date fruits lead to significant economic losses, traditionally managed by chemical insecticides that harm the environment. This study explores low‐pressure microwave oxygen plasma treatments as an alternative pest control method against pests like Polda interpunctelia, Ephestia cautella, and Oryzaephilus surinamensis. A 20 s treatment achieved 100% mortality for all species without any adult emergence. Sensory evaluations showed no significant differences in taste, color, texture, odor, or overall acceptability between treated and untreated date fruits, indicating that the plasma treatment preserves fruit quality. Scanning electron microscopy revealed structural damage to the pests, whereas the Siwi cultivar date fruits remained unaffected. The findings suggest that this plasma treatment is an effective and environmentally friendly alternative to chemicals.
Concordance Between Asthma Symptom Reports and Objective Lung Function, and Associations With Sleep Outcomes in Urban Children
Authors: Teape Daniella , Tanzer Joshua R. , Kopel Sheryl J. , Guzman Luis O. , Esteban Cynthia A. , Koinis‐Mitchell Daphne
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To examine the extent to which asthma symptom concordance (ASC) or discordance (ASD) is associated with sleep outcomes in children with persistent asthma. Also, to investigate whether the association between ASC and sleep outcomes varies as a function of children's level of asthma control and severity.

Methods

A retrospective data analysis of Project NAPS (Nocturnal Asthma and Performance in School), an observational study which examined asthma and sleep outcomes in children with persistent asthma. Measures of ASC and ASD were developed from daily self‐reported asthma symptoms and lung function measurements performed over 4 weeks. The extent to which ASC and ASD were associated with sleep efficiency, duration, and awakenings was evaluated. Concordance and discordance of asthma symptoms with sleep outcomes were examined as a function of the child's asthma severity and control.

Results

Those whose asthma symptom reports were in concordance with their lung function had longer sleep duration than children whose reports were discordant (difference = 15 min, Z = 2.61, p < 0.05), and more nighttime awakenings (difference = 0.6 awakenings, Z = 2.30, p < 0.05). Children with well‐controlled asthma had longer sleep duration (difference = 18 min, p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

This study builds on the literature on asthma symptom recognition by adding an evaluation of how ASC relates to sleep outcomes. Findings suggest that concordance of asthma symptoms with lung function is associated with longer sleep duration and moderated by asthma control. ASC may be important to sleep duration, which has important implications for tailoring asthma management to optimize symptom concordance.
The Contribution and Perspectives of Proteomics to Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Pei Jiayu , Qiu Haifeng , Wang Wenjia , Wang Yulu , Wang Min , Wang Dian , Li Jing , Qin Yanru
Published: January 2025

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy which mainly consists of serous, mucinous, clear cell, and endometrioid subtypes. Due to the lack of classic symptoms at an early stage, EOC usually presented as advanced tumors with local and/or distant metastasis. Although a large portion of EOC was initially platinum‐sensitive, most patients would acquire resistance to common chemotherapeutic agents. These aforementioned issues lead to a challenge for clinical treatments and unsatisfying outcomes. Previous studies have demonstrated the genetic features of EOC are hard to target and the alterations at DNA and RNA levels are not fully represented at the protein expression profiles which made it more complex. In recent years, a panel of studies attempted to explore the key proteins involved in the development and progression of EOC using high‐throughput proteomic technologies. We herein summarized them to provide a full view of this topic.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT046698990.
The Safety and Efficacy of Targeted Alpha Therapy, Ac‐225 Prostate‐Specific Membrane Antigen, in Patients With Metastatic Castration‐Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Besiroglu Huseyin , Kadihasanoglu Mustafa
Published: January 2025

Background

Metastatic castration resistance prostate cancer (mCRPC) is a challenging disease with a significant burden of mortality and morbidity. Most of the patients attain resistance to the available treatments, necessitating further novel therapies in this clinical setting. Actinium 225 (225Ac) prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radioligand therapy has emerged as a promising option and has been utilized for the last decade. Although a few meta‐analyses were performed on the efficacy and safety of 225Ac‐PSMA RLT in mCRPC patients, several current studies have been added to the literature since the latest meta‐analysis. We aimed to gather all individual studies to perform up‐to‐date meta‐analyses.

Methods

We searched the literature using Pubmed‐Medline, Web of Science, Elsevier‐Sceince Direct, and Cochrane‐Central databases. The data for any PSA decline, over 50% PSA decline, overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), and toxicity profile were captured from the studies eligible for meta‐analysis. We utilized the random effect model to generate pooled estimates.

Results

The sixteen eligible studies contained 1102 patients. Sixty‐three percent of patients achieved more than 50% PSA decline, while 82% had any PSA decline after the completion of therapy. The pooled mean OS and PFS were 12.72 months (9.52–15.91) and 11.02 months (6.88–15.15), respectively. The most common adverse event was xerostomia, with a pooled proportion of 84%. Grade ≥ 3 anemia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, and nephrotoxicity were encountered in 9%, 5%, 4%, and 4% of the patients.

Conclusions

225Ac‐PSMA RLT is an efficacious and safe treatment for mCRPC. Future well‐designed randomized controlled studies comparing 225Ac‐PSMA RLT with other approved therapeutic options would better comprehend the exact role of this therapy in the treatment sequence of mCRPC.
Dynamic Force Sensing for Continuous Scraping Towards Endometrium Repair Surgery
Authors: Li Jie , Yang Zhenguo , Li Dingjia , Wang Chongyang , Shen Ji , Han Chao , Xin Xing , Wang Weiqun , Tan Jichun , Liu Hao
Published: January 2025

Background

A surgical robot with force feedback can guarantee precise and gentle manipulation for endometrial repair, ensuring the effectiveness and safety of the manipulation. However, the design of force sensors for surgical robots is challenging due to the limited anatomical space and the requirement for continuous rotation.

Methods

This paper presents a novel force‐sensing surgical instrument for endometrial repair, including an inner scraping instrument and an outer force sensing sheath. It utilises the actuation force of the outer flexible sheath to predict real‐time tangential and normal forces of the scraping to the endometrium surface. Experiments are conducted to test its force sensing accuracy.

Results

This paper simulated three types of operations with different tangential force thresholds and obtained the mean error with the standard deviation.

Discussion

This sensing method enables real‐time and accurate measurement of the dynamic scraping force between the rotating instrument and the tissue.
Effect of Activated GGBS on Remediation of a Clay Soil Contaminated With MTBE
Authors: Raeesi Estabragh Ali , Ansar Shourijeh Armin , Arabpour Javadi Akbar , Amini Mohadeseh
Published: January 2025

This research investigates the efficacy of magnesium oxide (MgO) activated ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) in remediating a clay soil contaminated with methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) through a program of laboratory tests. The contamination was simulated by artificially introducing 2.25 mg MTBE per kg of soil in the laboratory. The GGBS activation process involved mixing GGBS and MgO in a ratio of 3:1. The resulting mixture was then added to both natural and contaminated soil samples at percentages of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1.0%. The results demonstrated that the addition of the binder improved the strength of both natural and contaminated soil samples, with the magnitude of strength enhancement dependent on the percentage of the additive and the curing time. The results of leaching tests also revealed that the effectiveness of remediation of contaminated soil varied based on the percentage of the binder used and the duration of curing. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated that the changes in soil properties and the effectiveness of remediation were attributed to chemical interaction between the soil minerals, the pollutant, and the binder. The results showed that the selected additive is suitable for the remediation of the contaminated soil.
Time‐Coordinated Motion Planning for Multiple Unmanned Vehicles Using Distributed Model Predictive Control and Sequential Convex Programming
Authors: Liu Xiaoming , Wu Fuchun , Deng Yunshan , Wang Ming , Xia Yuanqing
Published: January 2025

This paper introduces an integrated approach for time‐coordinated motion planning of multiple unmanned vehicles using distributed model predictive control (DMPC) and sequential convex programming (SCP). This approach employs a unified framework that integrates trajectory planning and tracking into a single optimization problem, effectively expanding the domain of attraction for the MPC controller and addressing the challenge of time‐coordination among multiple vehicles. Non‐uniform discrete time scales are introduced to mitigate the dimensionality of the optimization problem, thereby enhancing computational efficiency. By combining the ability of DMPC to distribute computational efforts across multiple vehicles with the iterative convexification method of SCP, our approach efficiently handles the complexities of non‐linear optimization. Theoretical analysis has confirmed the feasibility and stability of the proposed method. Based on this approach, the time‐coordinated sequential convex programming‐based distributed model predictive control (TC‐SCP‐DMPC) algorithm is proposed. Numerical simulations are conducted to validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm in achieving time‐coordinated control of multiple unmanned vehicles.
A Spiral Coverage Path Planning Algorithm for Nonomnidirectional Robots
Authors: Hou Taogang , Li Jiaxin , Pei Xuan , Wang Hao , Liu Tianhui
Published: January 2025

The limited steering capabilities of nonomnidirectional robots introduce significant complexity into complete coverage tasks, often leading to increased path overlap or incomplete coverage of certain areas. Although recent research has made progress in optimizing coverage path planning, redundant coverage or omissions are still prone to occur in the target area to be covered. To address these persistent challenges, we propose a novel spiral coverage method. This approach not only conforms to the kinematic constraints of nonomnidirectional robots but also enhances coverage efficiency by dividing the target area into center and boundary regions and devising tailored coverage strategies for each. This method effectively reduces path redundancy and improves overall area coverage. Furthermore, we introduce a comprehensive metric that combines total path length and area coverage ratio to evaluate coverage efficiency, overcoming the limitations and computational complexity associated with existing metrics. For scenarios where maximizing the area coverage ratio is critical, we have developed a high‐coverage‐rate turning strategy that ensures 100% coverage. Through simulation tests in six representative areas and actual experiments on airport runways, our method shows an improvement of 0.238%–14.538% in coverage efficiency compared with parallel coverage method and 60.548%–76.339% compared with deep reinforcement learning‐based method. Additionally, implementing high‐coverage‐rate turning strategies improves the area coverage ratio by 2.021%–6.732%. In field experiments, our method reduces execution time by 1.61% compared with parallel coverage method. These results show that our method has a significant effect in improving coverage efficiency and achieving complete coverage goals.
Check dams on China's Loess Plateau: An overview
Authors: Chen Zuyu , Chen Shujing , Yin Penghai , Yu Shu , Zhang Naichang
Published: January 2025

Check dams are widely constructed on China's Loess Plateau, which had a total number of 58,776 by the end of 2019. Great achievements in check dam construction have been gained regarding the economic and environmental impacts. This study reviews the remarkable benefits of check dams on the land reclamation and environmental improvement on the Loess Plateau, and sediment reduction entering the Yellow River. However, the flood incidents on check dams have been frequently reported for the past decades, which has attracted more attention in the context of climate change and extreme rainfall events recently. Advances in the flood migration techniques achieved by the research group led by the first author have been highlighted to migrate the breach risk of check dams due to floods. The “family tree method” has been proposed to determine the survival status and critical rainfall threshold of each check dam in the complicated dam system. An updated dam breach flood evaluation framework and the corresponding numerical algorithm (i.e., DB‐IWHR) have been developed. Moreover, innovative types of water‐release facilities for check dams, including geobag stepped spillway and prestressed concrete cylinder pipe in the underlying conduit, have been proposed and developed. Finally, the perspectives concerning the check dam construction on the Loess Plateau have been put forward.
A Bayesian Joint Model of Multiple Nonlinear Longitudinal and Competing Risks Outcomes for Dynamic Prediction in Multiple Myeloma: Joint Estimation and Corrected Two‐Stage Approaches
Authors: Alvares Danilo , Barrett Jessica K. , Mercier François , Roumpanis Spyros , Yiu Sean , Castro Felipe , Schulze Jochen , Zhu Yajing
Published: January 2025

Predicting cancer‐associated clinical events is challenging in oncology. In Multiple Myeloma (MM), a cancer of plasma cells, disease progression is determined by changes in biomarkers, such as serum concentration of the paraprotein secreted by plasma cells (M‐protein). Therefore, the time‐dependent behavior of M‐protein and the transition across lines of therapy (LoT), which may be a consequence of disease progression, should be accounted for in statistical models to predict relevant clinical outcomes. Furthermore, it is important to understand the contribution of the patterns of longitudinal biomarkers, upon each LoT initiation, to time‐to‐death or time‐to‐next‐LoT. Motivated by these challenges, we propose a Bayesian joint model for trajectories of multiple longitudinal biomarkers, such as M‐protein, and the competing risks of death and transition to the next LoT. Additionally, we explore two estimation approaches for our joint model: simultaneous estimation of all parameters (joint estimation) and sequential estimation of parameters using a corrected two‐stage strategy aiming to reduce computational time. Our proposed model and estimation methods are applied to a retrospective cohort study from a real‐world database of patients diagnosed with MM in the US from January 2015 to February 2022. We split the data into training and test sets in order to validate the joint model using both estimation approaches and make dynamic predictions of times until clinical events of interest, informed by longitudinally measured biomarkers and baseline variables available up to the time of prediction.
Hierarchical Multi‐Label Classification With Gene‐Environment Interactions in Disease Modeling
Authors: Li Jingmao , Zhang Qingzhao , Ma Shuangge , Fang Kuangnan , Xu Yaqing
Published: January 2025

In biomedical studies, gene‐environment (G‐E) interactions have been demonstrated to have important implications for analyzing disease outcomes beyond the main G and main E effects. Many approaches have been developed for G‐E interaction analysis, yielding important findings. However, hierarchical multi‐label classification, which provides insightful information on disease outcomes, remains unexplored in G‐E analysis literature. Moreover, unlabeled data are commonly observed in practical settings but omitted by many existing methods of hierarchical multi‐label classification. In this study, we consider a semi‐supervised scenario and develop a novel approach for the two‐layer hierarchical response with G‐E interactions. A two‐step penalized estimation is then proposed using an efficient expectation‐maximization (EM) algorithm. Simulation shows that it has superior performance in classification and feature selection. The analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data on lung cancer demonstrates the practical utility of the proposed method. Overall, this study can fill the important knowledge gap in G‐E interaction analysis by providing a widely applicable framework for hierarchical multi‐label classification of complex disease outcomes.
Direct Visualization of Temperature‐Induced Phase Separation of Completely Miscible Au─Pd Alloy by In Situ TEM
Authors: Roy Abhijit , Hettler Simon , Arenal Raul
Published: January 2025

In situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies reveal key insights into the structural and chemical evolution of nanoparticles (NPs) under external stimuli like heating and biasing, which is critical for evaluating their suitability in chemical reactions and their tendency toward forming novel NP systems. In this study, starting from a core@shell Au nanotriangle (AuNT)@Pd nanostructure, the formation of a phase‐separated bi‐metallic Au─Pd NP system at high temperature is reported, despite the fact that Au and Pd are miscible in the entire composition and temperature range. In situ TEM heating of bare AuNT@Pd core@shell structures up to 1000 °C is performed. Between 400 and 800 °C, an initial alloy formation is observed. Notably, higher initial loading of Pd increases the melting temperature of the bi‐metallic system. However, the most important observation is the separation of the nanostructure into Au and Pd phases at temperatures above 850 °C for high Pd doping. The extent of Pd separation depends on the amount of initial Pd loading. A Janus Au─Pd nanostructure is formed at the end of the thermal treatments at 1000 °C. The phase‐separated NP is observed to be highly stable and could be clearly beneficial for various applications, particularly in catalytic processes.
Catalytic Cu2O/Cu Site Trades off the Coupling and Etching Reactions of Carbon Intermediates for CO2‐Assisted Graphene Synthesis
Authors: Zhu Yifan , Ning Congcong , Jin Yan , Yang Qian , Gong Xiangnan , Hu Baoshan
Published: January 2025

In the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis of graphene, the surficial chemical state of the metal substrate has exerted key roles in all elemental reaction steps determining the growth mechanism of graphene. Herein, a CO2‐participated annealing procedure is designed to construct catalytic Cu2O/Cu sites on Cu foil for the graphene CVD synthesis with CO2/CH4 as carbon sources. These Cu2O/Cu species can catalyze the CH4 decomposition and subsequent C─C coupling to form C2 intermediates for fast growth of monolayer hexagonal graphene domains with a diameter of ≈30 µm within 0.5 min. The graphene growth kinetics can be bidirectionally regulated merely with the variation of CO2 flow rate during annealing and growth stages, in association with the Cu+/Cu0 ratio, enabling simultaneous control over the size and shape of graphene domains. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the catalytic Cu2O/Cu sites reduce the activation energy by ≈0.13 eV for the first dehydrogenation of CH4, allowing the growing rate of graphene driven by coupling of C2 intermediates faster than their etching rate by O‐containing *O and *OH species. The work provides novel insights into heterostructured nano‐catalyst consisting of zero valent metal and variably valent metal oxide that facilitate the controllable synthesis of graphene materials.
Linkage Microenvironment Modulation in Triazine‐Based Covalent Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Production
Authors: Liu Rongchen , Zhang Mengqi , Zhang Fulin , Zeng Bing , Li Xia , Guo Zhiguang , Lang Xianjun
Published: January 2025

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), known for the precise tunability of molecular structures, hold significant promise for photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production. Herein, by systematically altering the quinoline (QN) linkages in triazine (TA)‐based COFs via the multi‐component reactions, six R‐QN‐TA‐COFs are synthesized with identical skeletons but different substituents. The fine‐tuning of the optoelectronic properties and local microenvironment of COFs is allowed, thereby optimizing charge separation and improving interactions with dissolved oxygen. Consequently, MeO‐QN‐TA‐COF is customized to achieve an impressive rate of H2O2 production up to 7384 µmol g⁻1 h⁻1 under an air atmosphere in water without any sacrificial agents, surpassing most of the reported COF photocatalysts. Its high stability is demonstrated through five consecutive recycling experiments and the characterization of the recovered COF. The reaction mechanism for the H2O2 production is further investigated using a suite of quenching experiments, in situ spectroscopic analysis, and theoretical calculations. The enhanced photocatalytic H2O2 production over MeO‐QN‐TA‐COF is through 2e⁻ oxygen reduction reaction and water oxidation reaction pathways. Overall, the crucial role of linkage microenvironment modulation in the design of COFs for solar‐driven effective photocatalytic H2O2 production.
Ultrahigh‐Power Carbon‐Based Supercapacitors through Order–Disorder Balance
Authors: Mu Dali , Lin He , Jiang Xinglin , Wang Zhihan , Wang Wentao , Zhang Haitao
Published: January 2025

Although carbon‐based supercapacitors (SCs) hold the advantages of high‐power and large‐current characteristics, they are difficult to realize ultrahigh‐power density (> 200 kW kg−1) and maintain almost constant energy density at ultrahigh power. This limitation is mainly due to the difficulty in balancing the structural order related to the electrical conductivity of carbon materials and the structural disorder related to the pore structure. Herein, we design a novel super‐structured tubular carbon (SSTC) with a crosslinked porous conductive network to solve the structure order–disorder tradeoff effect in carbon materials. The direct conversion of CO2 in combination with appropriate annealing treatment tailored SSTC that exhibits considerably high conductivity (≈19300 S m−1) along with an optimal mesoporous structure. Consequently, SSTC‐based SCs show impressive ultrahigh‐power and high‐energy features as demonstrated from three aspects. First, SSTC‐1000‐based SCs with organic electrolytes deliver a maximum power density of 1138.8 kW kg−1. Second, the energy density retention is up to 84.6% as the power density increases from 0.7 to 280 kW kg−1. Third, SSTC‐1000‐based SC exhibits excellent ultrahigh‐power durability as demonstrated by 93.7% capacitance retention after 100000 cycles at 200 A g−1.
Achieving Near Infrared Photodegradation by the Synergistic Effect of Z‐Scheme Heterojunction and Antenna of Rare Earth Single Atoms
Authors: Sun Jianzhe , Wang Guofeng
Published: January 2025

Near‐infrared light response catalysts have received great attention in renewable solar energy conversion, energy production, and environmental purification. Here, near‐infrared photodegradation is successfully achieved in rare earth single atom anchored NaYF4@g‐C3N4 heterojunctions by the synergistic effect of Z‐scheme heterojunction and antenna of rare earth single atoms. The UV–vis light emitted by Tm3+ can not only be directly absorbed by g‐C3N4 to generate electron–hole pairs, realizing efficient energy transfer, but also be absorbed by NaYF4 substrate, and generating photo‐generated electrons at its impurity level, transferring the active charge to the valence band of g‐C3N4, forming a Z‐scheme heterojunction and further improving the photocatalytic efficiency. Importantly, Tm single atoms has multiple functions such as acting as charge transfer channels to facilitate charge transfer, regulating the critical distance of energy transfer, and prolonging electron–hole pair lifetime. Under NIR light, it exhibited remarkable performance in degrading antibiotics (the removal rate of TC reached 91% for 6 h) while maintaining excellent stability. The LC‐MS/MS technology is used to reveal the reaction intermediates, active species, and reaction pathways, and the complex mechanism of photodegradation is further proposed. This study provides experimental and theoretical support for designing and synthesizing catalysts with near‐infrared light response characteristics.
Designing Polar Covalent Hybrid Cadmium‐Based Chalcohalides Ultraviolet Nonlinear Optical Crystal with Strong Optical Anisotropy via Double‐Site Dual FBUs Tailoring
Authors: Fu Yi‐Fan , Yao Wen‐Dong , Wu Jiajing , Huang Qiao‐Feng , Zhang Yu‐Mei , Zhou Wenfeng , Liu Wenlong , Guo Sheng‐Ping
Published: January 2025

The pressing demand for both established and innovative technologies to expand laser wavelengths has rendered high‐performance nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals with large optical anisotropy indispensable. Here, centrosymmetric [SHC(NH2)2]2CdBr4 (1) and pseudo‐2D layered [SC(NH2)2]2CdBr2 (2), as well as pseudo‐3D noncentrosymmetric [SC(NH2)2]2CdCl2 (3) are successfully synthesized through the introduction of π‐conjugated SC(NH2)2 groups. Compared to ionic compound 1 containing full‐halogen coordination tetrahedra, covalent compounds 2 and 3 featuring novel polar [SC(NH2)2]2CdX2 (X = Br, Cl) tetrahedral units demonstrate enhanced bandgaps (>4 eV) and birefringences (>0.3@546 nm) due to the unique coordination environment. Remarkably, 3 exhibits a strong second‐harmonic generation (SHG) response (2.1 × KH2PO4(KDP)), high laser‐induced damage thresholds (30 × AgGaS2(AGS), and excellent water stability. The birefringence of 3 is the largest among the hybrid halides NLO crystals containing d10 metal cations. Detailed theoretical calculations confirm that such a modified double‐site dual functional building units (FBUs) substitution is an effective strategy for designing superior optical materials with large birefringence and strong SHG response, paving the way for the development of high‐performance devices in related fields.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Metal‐Based Catalysts for Efficient Hydrogen Production
Authors: Saeid Mohammed Faraj , Abdulkadir Bashir Abubakar , Ismail Mohammad , Setiabudi Herma Dina
Published: January 2025

This study investigates global research trends on the catalytic performance of metal‐based catalysts for enhanced hydrogen production over the past 89 years (1935–2024) through a comprehensive bibliometric analysis. The research addresses the evolution of metal‐based catalysts in hydrogen production and highlights the most prominent contributors and driving trends. The study analyzed 32,987 peer‐reviewed studies identified through Scopus database. The search was conducted from September 1, 1935, to July 20, 2024, utilizing keywords such as “(TITLE‐ABS‐KEY ((“Ru” OR “Ni” OR “Fe” OR “Co” OR “Mo” OR “Pt” OR “Pd” OR “Cr” OR “metal catalysts*”) AND (“hydrogen production*” OR “H2 production*” OR “hydrogen generation*” OR “H2 generation*”))).” The analysis covered various aspects, such as countries, authors’ affiliations, prominent journals, research areas, and key terms driving discussions in the field. It also noted that researchers with fewer publications may have been overlooked. Bibliometric parameters, including publication counts, citations, total link strength (TLS), and collaboration networks, were examined. Results indicate a steady rise in publications, with significant growth observed from 2000 onwards. The most recent period (2019–2024) alone accounted for 55.6% of the total publications, with a notable 26.5% growth from 2021 to 2022. China leads in both publication volume and TLS, followed by the United States and the United Kingdom. The International Journal of Hydrogen Energy (IJHE) emerged as the top journal with 4653 relevant articles. The analysis reveals a shift in focus from early studies on iron and platinum to a more recent emphasis on nickel‐based catalysts and hydrogen evolution reactions (HER). These findings highlight several challenges, including the need to improve catalyst efficiency, address scalability issues, and develop more sustainable catalytic materials. Future research should focus on advancing catalyst design, optimizing reaction conditions, and enhancing catalytic stability for large‐scale hydrogen production.
Metabolic Dysfunction‐Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Pancreatic Disease—A Population‐Based Nationwide Cohort and Sibling‐Controlled Study
Authors: Vujasinovic Miroslav , Ebrahimi Fahim , Roelstraete Bjorn , Bergman David , Sun Jiangwei , Sadr‐Azodi Omid , Löhr J.‐Matthias , Ludvigsson Jonas F.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has been linked to pancreatic diseases, but evidence from population‐based studies with liver histology is lacking.

Aims and methods

In this population‐based cohort including all Swedish adults (n = 8563) with biopsy‐proven MASLD, we aimed to investigate incidences of pancreatic diseases compared with matched reference individuals from the general population (n = 38,858) and full siblings (n = 6696). Using Cox proportional hazard models, we calculated multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

We documented 359 incidents of pancreatic diseases in MASLD patients and 880 events in matched reference individuals, resulting in an incidence rate difference of 1.54 (95% CI, 1.25–1.84). The relative risk of pancreatic disease was highest in the first two years after MASLD diagnosis (aHR, 2.19 [95% CI, 1.92–2.50), but remained statistically significant increased even up to ten years [aHR, 1.60 (95% CI, 1.38–1.85)]. The most common pancreatic disease in individuals with MASLD was acute non‐biliary pancreatitis (1.44 vs. 0.44 events/1000 PY), followed by chronic pancreatitis (0.54 vs. 0.12/1000 PY) and pancreatic cancer (0.88 vs. 0.47/1000 PY). We documented 130 versus 344 pancreas‐related deaths among individuals with MASLD and their matched comparators, yielding an absolute risk difference of 0.51/1000 PY and an aHR of 2.41 (95%CI = 1.95−2.97). The findings were consistent in sibling‐controlled analyses with an aHR of 2.21 (95%CI = 1.69–2.90).

Conclusions

MASLD was associated with significantly higher rates of acute and chronic pancreatitis of predominantly non‐biliary origin, as well as an increased risk of pancreatic cancer and pancreas‐related mortality.
Play it Straight: An Intelligent Data Pruning Technique for Green-AI
Authors: Scala Francesco , Flesca Sergio , Pontieri Luigi
Published: January 2025

The escalating climate crisis demands urgent action to mitigate the environmental impact of energy-intensive technologies, including Artificial Intelligence (AI). Lowering AI’s environmental impact requires adopting energy-efficient approaches for training Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). One such approach is to use Dataset Pruning (DP) methods to reduce the number of training instances, and thus the total energy consumed. Numerous DP methods have been proposed in the literature (e.g., GraNd and Craig), with the ultimate aim of speeding up model training. On the other hand, Active Learning (AL) approaches, originally conceived to repeatedly select the best data to be labeled by a human expert (from a large collection of unlabeled data), can be exploited as well to train a model on a relatively small subset of (informative) examples. However, despite allowing for reducing the total amount of training data, most DP methods and pure AL-based schemes entail costly computations that may strongly limit their energy saving potential. In this work, we empirically study the effectiveness of DP and AL methods in curbing energy consumption in DNN training, and propose a novel approach to DNN learning, named Play it straight, which efficiently combines data selection methods and AL-like incremental training. Play it straight is shown to outperform traditional DP and AL approaches, achieving a better trade-off between accuracy and energy efficiency.
A Process to Prepare Safety Cases
Authors: Myklebust Thor , Stålhane Tor , Vatn Dorthea Mathilde Kristin
Published: January 2025

The chapters in the book have, until now, mainly focused on the different topics that should be included in the agile safety plan. However, as noted in the introduction, the work with the safety plan has a direct impact on safety case development. In this chapter, we first outline different types of safety cases and how an agile approach might facilitate an incremental development process. Next, we address how one should deal with related safety cases for subsystems, products, or modules. Lastly, we underscore the importance of preparing for improvements or modifications.
Hardware/Chip
Authors: Myklebust Thor , Stålhane Tor , Vatn Dorthea Mathilde Kristin
Published: January 2025

While software development is the main focus of this book, we cannot ignore hardware when discussing AI. Hardware plays a major role in how well AI works. Even the smartest software cannot function properly without strong, fast, and capable hardware such as computers, processors, and chips. Therefore, while the book is about writing and developing AI programs, we also need to include information about the hardware that runs them because it is crucial for AI’s performance and success.
Stakeholders and Organizations
Authors: Myklebust Thor , Stålhane Tor , Vatn Dorthea Mathilde Kristin
Published: January 2025

This chapter addresses stakeholders and organizations by first outlining different stakeholder groups to consider in the context of high risk AI systems. Next, it discusses relevant organizational aspects and underscores the importance of safety culture.
Einleitung
Authors: Lammers Klara
Published: January 2025

In der Einleitung erfolgt zunächst eine Hinführung auf die inhaltliche Ausrichtung, das Erkenntnisinteresse und das Forschungsvorgehen der vorliegenden Studie. Anschließend wird die Struktur der Arbeit anhand der einzelnen Kapitel vorgestellt.
Fazit
Authors: Lammers Klara
Published: January 2025

Im Fazit erfolgt zunächst eine Zusammenfassung des Forschungsvorgehens und der Ergebnisse dieser Studie. Abschließend werden Limitation der vorliegenden Arbeit in den Blick genommen und ein Ausblick auf weiterführende Forschungsbedarfe gegeben.
Fibrations and Coset Spaces for Locally Compact Groups
Authors: Kramer Linus , Murat García Raquel
Published: January 2025

Let G be a topological group and let

$$K,L\subseteq G$$

K
,
L
⊆
G

be closed subgroups, with

$$K\subseteq L$$

K
⊆
L

. We prove that if L is a locally compact pro-Lie group, then the map

$$q:G/K\rightarrow G/L$$

q
:
G
/
K
→
G
/
L

is a Serre fibration, and a Hurewicz fibration if G is paracompact. As an application of this, we obtain two older results by Skljarenko, Madison and Mostert.
A contribution to 3D tracking of deformable bubbles in swarms using temporal information
Authors: Wang Lantian , Ma Tian , Lucas Dirk , Eckert Kerstin , Hessenkemper Hendrik
Published: January 2025

Reliable Lagrangian 3D tracking of individual bubble swarm members allows a deeper understanding of hydrodynamic bubble–bubble interactions and their collective rise. For multi-view measurements, we have recently developed such a tracking method (Hessenkemper in Int J Multiph Flow 179:104932, 2024), which is able to track deformable bubbles with low to moderate view obstruction through the bubbles to each other. In the present work, we aim to further enhance the 3D tracking performance by additionally incorporating 2D temporal information in the form of previously established 2D tracks in each camera view. The new 3D tracking method is able to disambiguate cross-view object associations at each time step by using the 2D track information accumulated over time. In addition, the temporal information from multiple 2D domains is used in two post-processing steps to improve the completeness of established 3D trajectories. Compared to the previous 3D tracking method, the extended 3D tracking framework shows noticeable improvements in tracking ability, accuracy, and completeness of trajectories.

Graphical abstract
Strategies to overcome barriers to the statistical representation of femicide data-a technical note
Authors: Sarkar Reena , Bassed Richard , Ozanne-Smith Joan
Published: January 2025

Mortality data systems are upstream determinants of health, providing critical information on causes of death and population health trends and influencing health outcomes by shaping policies, research, and resource allocation. Moreover, the gender-related deaths of women and girls are significantly underrepresented or underrecognized in mortality data across many countries. This paper seeks to identify potential barriers and facilitators to improving the representation of femicide data. The primary barriers affecting data representation of femicide are related to definitions, data collection, coding, comparability, access, and systemic challenges. Key recommendations include establishing a nationwide consensus on the definition of femicide, updating training modules for medicolegal professionals, improving pathology reporting processes, ensuring quality assurance in documentation, refining coding practices, developing new analytic methods, and providing deidentified access to cases still under investigation.
Effect of internal pancreatic duct stent on reducing long-term pancreaticojejunostomy stenosis following pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Lu Wei-Hsun , Chao Ying-Jui , Liao Ting-Kai , Su Ping-Jui , Wang Chih-Jung , Shan Yan-Shen
Published: January 2025

Background

As survival following PD improved, long-term complications have emerged as an issue in current era. Pancreaticojejunostomy stenosis is the common long-term sequel after PD but rarely addressed. This study aimed to investigate the benefit of pancreatic duct stent in reducing PJ stenosis after PD.

Methods

Between July 2006 and July 2019, patients undergoing PD with follow-up more than 1 year were recruited. Patients were divided into internal stent, external stent, and no stent groups. We reviewed the Computed tomography (CT) to measure the diameter of pancreatic duct and stent migration at 3 months and 1 year after PD. PJ stenosis was defined as pancreatic duct diameter > 3 mm. Perioperative variables were collected for analysis.

Results

Totally, 506 patients were included 349 patients in internal stent group, 84 patients in the external stent, and 73 patients in no stent group. There was no difference in preoperative P-duct size between the IS and ES group (3.39 ± 1.78 mm vs 3.26 ± 1.89 mm, p = 0.481), while the P-duct size was larger in ES group compared to the IS group (3.22 ± 2.44 mm vs. 1.94 ± 2.08 mm, p < 0.001) one year after PD. In the internal stent group, the rate of stent migration was 22.1% at 3 months and 67.9% at 1 year post-operatively. CR-POPF (OR 2.24, p = 0.015) and P-duct stent retention at PJ > 3 months (OR 0.45, p < 0.001) were the independent factors for 1-year PJ stenosis in multivariate analysis.

Conclusion

Retention of internal pancreatic duct stents at the anastomosis for more than 3 months can reduce post-PD PJ stenosis. Extended retention of internal pancreatic duct stents reduces PJ stenosis, highlighting its critical role in preventing long-term complications.