bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The electromechanical device for energy accumulation
Authors: Pavlov Valentin D.
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND: Short-term peak loads of machines and mechanisms arise necessity in mechanical energy accumulation for its consequential impulse use. For instance, it is quite relevant for trucks at the initial stage of dragging heavy trailers. Use of mechanical energy accumulator will help to decrease truck engine power and to enlarge its functional capabilities.
AIM: Development of the mathematical model of the mechanical energy accumulator.
METHODS: The mechanical energy accumulator can be made either as a permanent magnet synchronous machine or as a converter-fed electric motor with the super flywheel mounted at the motor shaft. When the machine is connected to the supply source, the non-stationary process described with two differential equations, mechanical and electric, occurs. Solutions of the differential equations replicate ratios for charging and discharging of an electric capacitor.
RESULTS: According to the obtained formulae, the mechanical energy accumulator seems identical to an electric capacitor for an electric circuit. Therefore, artificial electric capacity can be discussed. Moreover, artificial electric resistance not related to conductor’s specific resistance, length and cross-area, occurs. In view of the aforesaid, the mechanical energy accumulator can be considered as an artificial electric capacitor accumulating not electric field energy but kinematic energy of super-flywheel’s rotation.
CONCLUSIONS: There are designs of super-flywheels capable of accumulating sufficient amount of kinetic energy. The ability of implementing them into passenger vehicles was studied as well. In this context, massive trucks have an undeniable advantage because weight increase is not only non-problematic but preferable in some cases.
The first step of two-stage hip revision: what affects the result?
Authors: Bozhkova Svetlana A. , Oleinik Yuliya V. , Artyukh Vasily A. , Antipov Alexander P. , Toropov Sergey S.
Published: May 2024

Background. The most common method of treatment of chronic periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is considered to be a two-stage revision arthroplasty. The efficacy of this technique is largely determined by the results of infection management after the first (debridement) stage, which may depend on many factors. At the same time, the widespread tendency to reduce the duration of patients’ hospital stay brings to the forefront the problem of long wait for the results of preoperative microbiological examination.
Aims of the study: 1) to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy of the debridement stage of chronic periprosthetic hip joint infection in 2021 depending on the availability of preoperative microbiological examination results; 2) to determine the factors influencing the treatment outcome.
Methods. Patients (n = 86) with chronic PJI of the hip were allocated into two groups depending on the presence or absence of results of the microbiological examination of preoperative biomaterials (aspirate and/or tissue biopsy) at the time of performing the first stage of the two-stage revision arthroplasty.
Results. The availability of final results of the microbiological examination (MBE) of joint aspirate at the time of surgery had no significant effect on the efficacy of infection management (p = 0.536; OR = 1.53, 95% CI 0.43-5.45). There was a significant reduction of the risk when the results of preoperative and intraoperative MBE coincided (p = 0.024; OR = 0.121, 95% CI 0.015-0.990). An increased risk of adverse outcome of the debridement stage of treatment was observed in the case of types 2C (p = 0.042; OR = 6.66; 95% CI 1.26-35.2) and 3B (p = 0.078; OR = 8.1, 95% CI 1.015-64.8) acetabular defects, type 3A femoral defects (p = 0.021; OR = 6.57, 95% CI 1.49-29.01), and connective tissue diseases (p = 0.062; OR = 5.25, 95% CI 1.05-26.2). The presence of microbial associations (p=0.02; OR = 6.75, 95% CI 1.36-33.44) and the presence of Gram-negative bacteria in them (p = 0.058; OR = 4.2, 95% CI 1.02-17.20) significantly worsened the treatment prognosis. As the number of patient’s risk factors increased, the probability of an unfavorable outcome increased significantly (p0.001).
Conclusion. Polymicrobial infection, presence of Gram-negative bacteria in microbial associations, connective tissue diseases, types 2C and 3B acetabular defects, type 3A femoral bone defects, and total number of risk factors in one patient had a significant negative impact on the outcome of debridement surgery. Apparently, the results of the microbiological examination of preoperatively sampled biomaterials are much more important as a diagnostic criterion for suspected periprosthetic infection than as a criterion for the drug choice for etiotropic antibacterial therapy. However, this assumption should be studied on a larger sample of patients.
Morphological assessment of the ovarians after single and fractional local electron iradiation
Authors: Demyashkin Grigory A. , Murtazalieva Zaira M. , Vadyukhin Matvey A. , Bimurzaeva Makka B. , Lotyrov Magomed I.
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND: When malignant neoplasms of the pelvic organs are irradiated, healthy ovarian tissues can get into the irradiation area. So, among all physico-chemical factors, ionizing radiation is the most common cause of ovarian failure, which has a negative impact on fertility. Conducting research in this area is especially important in connection with the active introduction of electron therapy in the protocols for the treatment of malignant neoplasms of the small pelvis with the need to find ways to prevent and treat post-radiation ovarian lesions. In addition, one of the main tasks of modern radiobiology is the creation of experimental animal models in order to reveal the mechanisms of radiation exposure with subsequent extrapolation of the results obtained to humans in order to level the side effects of radiation therapy and select optimal doses.
AIM: The aim of the study was a morphofunctional assessment of the ovaries after local electron irradiation in single and fractional modes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Wistar rats (n = 30) were divided into three groups: I — control (n = 10); II (n = 10) — subjected to a single local irradiation with electrons at a dose of 2 Gy; III (n = 10) — subjected to fractional local irradiation with electrons in a total dose of 20 Gy.
RESULTS: After a single local irradiation with electrons at a dose of 2 Gy, multiple hemorrhages and a decrease in the number of growing follicles with a discontinuous theca layer, which were unevenly distributed over its volume, were noted in the ovary. A statistically significant difference in the number of follicles was revealed: a decrease in the number of primordial, primary, secondary and tertiary follicles and an increase in atretic follicles. The most pronounced difference in the number of follicles between the studied groups was found in the group of fractional electron irradiation at a dose of 20 Gy: the smallest number of primordial and the largest number of atretic follicles with signs of post-radiation fibrosis.
CONCLUSIONS: The most profound damage to the ovary develops after exposure to fractional electron irradiation at a total dose of 20 Gy compared with a single exposure to ionizing radiation at a dose of 2 Gy: a reduced number of follicles, a decrease in the area and thickness of the cortical substance, as well as the thickness of the ovarian tunica, in combination with the growth of the connective tissue.
Influence of various light regimes on some circadian rhythms of transplantable melanoma B16
Authors: Areshidze David A. , Kozlova Maria A. , Mishchenko Denis V. , Chernikov Valery P. , Bezuglova Tatyana V. , Mnikhovich Maxim V. , Gioeva Zarina V. , Allayarova Uguljan Yu. , Anurkina Anna I.
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND: Today it is known that disturbance of the lighting regime, expressed both by lengthening of the light period and its reduction, can not only affect the regulation of circadian rhythms of the organism, but also contributes to the initiation of neoplasm growth.
AIM: The aim of the study was to investigate circadian rhythmicity of melatonin level, some micromorphometric indices of tumor cells and expression of genes Bmal1, Clock and Per2 in them in mice with transplanted melanoma B16.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on 75 mice with subcutaneously transplanted melanoma B16, divided into 3 groups: control group, in which animals were kept under fixed light regime (light/darkness 10/14 hours with light on at 8:00 and off at 18:00), group under dark deprivation conditions, with animals kept under constant light 24 hours a day and group, in which animals were kept in constant darkness. The duration of the experiment was 2 weeks.
RESULTS: It was shown that under conditions of fixed light there are reliable circadian rhythms for all studied parameters, except for the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, the circadian rhythms of which was not revealed in any group. Constant darkness leads to rearrangement of all identified rhythms, and constant light causes destruction of all circadian rhythms except the Clock expression rhythm.
CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that light disturbances, whether constant light or constant darkness, lead to significant changes in the structure of the studied circadian rhythms.
Gene expression of antimicrobial peptides in rat intestine under conditions of chronic stress
Authors: Berezhnoy Aleksei V. , Yankelevich Irina A. , Aleshina Galina M. , Shamova Olga V.
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND: Severe stress causes an array of dysfunctions in the immune, neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, digestive and other systems, resulting in an emergence of various types of pathology. Common manifestations of a chronic stress are the disorders in the gastrointestinal tract, such as irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia, biliary dyskinesia, dysbiosis, inflammatory processes that determine the development of gastritis and one of the most widespread post-stress pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract — stomach ulcers. The disclosure of the molecular mechanisms of a pathogenesis of diseases associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction related to chronic stress as well as a search for new ways to correct these disorders are important tasks of fundamental and clinical medicine. The present work is focused on evaluating a participation of molecular factors of the innate immunity in intestine, such as antimicrobial peptides secreted by intestinal epithelial cells upon infection, in a response to the chronic stress.
AIM: The aim of the study was to estimate the gene expression of a number of antimicrobial peptides: intestinal α- and β-defensins of laboratory animals (rats) under chronic stress conditions.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Modeling of a chronic stress was performed by daily forced swimming of laboratory animals in cold water. An expression of α- and β-defensin genes was evaluated using a real-time polymerase chain reaction.
RESULTS: We found an increase in the level of expression of the rat α-defensin-5 and β-defensin-3 genes in response to chronic stress, while the expression of β-defensin-2 gene was not changed compared to the control.
CONCLUSIONS: Considering that changes in the concentration and spectrum of peptides with antibacterial activity, caused by prolonged stress, can contribute to modification of the composition of the intestinal microbiota, the data obtained can expand our understanding of the molecular basis of the pathogenesis of diseases associated with disorders in the composition of microbiota under stress.
Immune response and laboratory markers in the spectrum of severity of COVID-19
Authors: Desheva Yulia A. , Shvedova Tamara N. , Kudar Polina A. , Petrachkova Daria S. , Lerner Anna A.
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND: Serum antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, when measured early after disease onset, may add value to the diagnosis of COVID-19.
AIM: To examine the levels of serum antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and laboratory blood parameters in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 of varying severity.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, we examined laboratory markers of inflammation in patients with acute COVID-19 during the 1st week of hospitalization. The levels of serum antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were studied using commercial test systems.
RESULTS: In 47% of hospitalized patients with COVID-19, during the first week of hospital stay, IgM and IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were detected, both in the case of a positive and negative PCR test. An average positive cor- relation of detected IgM and IgG with antibodies to the receptor-binding site of the S-protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is shown. In total, IgM and IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were most often detected in patients with a favorable course of the disease. Laboratory parameters in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 were characterized by asignificant increase in the level of serum C-reactive protein, an increase in the neutrophil-leukocyte ratio and fibrinogen level, in comparison with data from patients with a mild course of the disease. In mild cases of infection, a moderately negative correlation was revealed between the levels of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and NLR.
CONCLUSIONS: Detection of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in the early stages of hospitalization may be a predictor of a favorable outcome of the disease and serve as an additional criterion for the diagnosis of COVID-19 along with PCR analysis.
Immunomodulatory therapy of precancers of the cervix – opinion of medical professionals and students
Authors: Lykova E. A. , Rosyuk E. A.
Published: May 2024

Objective. To assess the relevance of immunomodulatory therapy of precancerous diseases of the cervix among medical professionals and students. Precancerous diseases of the cervix combine pathological processes characterized by the structural changes in the epithelium of the cervix. If not treated, they lead to the development of cervical cancer. At present there are no selective drugs for the human papillomavirus. To administer immunotropic medicines it is necessary to know the mechanism of effect on the immune system.
Materials and methods. The study was conducted using an anonymous online questionnaire on the Google Forms platform (https://vk.com/away.php?utf=1to=https%3A%2F%2Fforms.gle%2FRtT7PktnCrLqBB1x8). The questionnaire is presented as part of a one-stage (cross-sectional) study. Data analysis was carried out using Microsoft Excel 2010 graphs and tables. Empirical, sociological and statistical research methods were used. The indicators of the structure of the respondents were calculated, the reliability of the differences was determined by the Student's t-criterion, confidence differences were considered at significance of p 0.05.
Results. The average age of the respondents was 30.4 ± 10.8 years. 46 people (75.4 %) are aware of the possibility of using immunomodulation as therapy for precancerous diseases of the cervix, and 15 people (24.6 %) are not aware of it. 41 respondents (67.2 %) would administer the therapy themselves and their close people; 12 people (19.7 %) find it difficult to answer; 8 respondents (13.1 %) do not agree to administer the therapy.
Conclusions. Medical students have an idea about immunomodulatory therapy in gynecology in 55.9 % of cases. Doctors of different specialties in 100 % of cases are aware of the treatment, see the benefits of prescribing drugs. Students` awareness of the possibilities of immunomodulatory therapy is sufficient, they get additional knowledge from clinical recommendations on the specialty in the practical course.
On the occasion of the 90th anniversary of professor Alexander Alekseevich Shutov`s birth
Authors: Karakulova Yu. V. , Selyanina N. V. , Baidina T. V.
Published: May 2024

The life and professional path of Alexander Alekseevich Shutov, the Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, the head of the Department of Neurology and Medical Genetics of E.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University, are described in the article, as well as his scientific achievements, contribution to the organization of the university’s work, success in training of scientists, educators and neurologists of the Perm Region.
Rehabilitation potential in patients with prostate cancer: psychological aspect
Authors: Ponomareva I. V. , Kuznetsova A. I. , Vazhenin A. V. , Tsiring D. A. , Pakhomova Ya. N. , Mironchenko M. N.
Published: May 2024

Objective. To determine a list of psychological characteristics associated with the prognosis of prostate cancer outcome and rehabilitation potential in patients with cancer.
Materials and methods. The study of psychological characteristics (subjective and personal characteristics of study participants (n = 148)) associated with rehabilitation potential was carried out using the following psychological methods: Methodology of Subjective Control Level (E.F. Bazhin, E.A. Golynkina, L.M. Etkind), Questionnaire of ways to cope (adapted by T.L. Kryukova, E.V. Kuftyak, M.S. Zamyshlyaeva), Questionnaire SF-36 “Assessment of the quality of life”, Test of vitality (adapted by D.A. Leontiev, E.I. Rasskazova), Basic Beliefs Scale (adapted by M.A. Padun, A.V. Kotelnikova).
Results. A favorable prognosis for the outcome of prostate cancer is associated with the patient`s involvement in the events of his life and active participation in them, understanding of the significance of the problem, partial independence from others, slight limitation of role functioning due to the emotional state, optimal social functioning in combination with beliefs about the benevolence of the world around him and ability to control events.
Conclusions. A list of psychological characteristics associated with the course of the disease in patients with prostate cancer was obtained. These psychological characteristics can define the rehabilitation potential, being associated with the possibilities of recovery after antitumor treatment.
Analysis of the occurrence of germline mutations BRCA1\2, PALB2, CHEK2, NBN in patients with pancreatic malignancies. Single-center cohort non-randomized retrospective study
Authors: Moiseenko V. E. , Kardanova I. G. , Pavlovsky A. V. , Avanesyan G. R. , Granov D. A.
Published: May 2024

Objective. To analyze the frequency of carriage of BRCA1\2, PALB2, CHEK2, NBN mutations in patients with malignant neoplasms of pancreas.
Materials and methods. The single-center cohort non-randomized retrospective study is based on the data of 82 patients who were examined and treated in Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies named after academician A.M. Granov from 2020 to 2022. Patients with confirmed ductal adenocarcinoma of pancreas were included into the study group. Screening of mutations in exons 2,10, 18, 19 of BRCA1 gene and exon 11 of BRCA2 gene was performed in these patients. In addition, oncological family histories were studied.
Results. Analysis of medical documentation data showed that 18 (22 %) patients with pancreatic cancer had a hereditary oncological history. In this cohort of patients, 5 (28 %) had relatives with pancreatic cancer, 9 (50 %) had a family history of ovarian cancer, 2 (11 %) female relatives of patients in the study group were diagnosed with breast cancer before the age of 50, also 2 (11 %) patients had a history of more than 2 relatives who suffered from breast cancer and / or prostate cancer. When evaluating the results of revealing the mutations in the entire study group (82 patients), BRCA1 (c.5266dupC) was revealed in 8 patients (9.7 %), PALB-2 (c.1592delT) – in 2 patients (2.4 %), mutations CHEK2, NBN and BRCA2 were not diagnosed in any patient. 5 (6 %) patients who were BRCA1 mutation carriers and one patient with an established PALB2 mutation, according to the analysis of case histories, had no oncological history. None of the patients in the study group was a carrier of the BRCA2, CHEK2 and NBN mutations.
Conclusions. Some patients with pancreatic cancer are carriers of germline mutations. Considering our data on the trend of association between germline mutations and pancreatic cancer, we can make an assumption about the prospect of using this indicator as one of the markers for early detection of pancreatic cancer not only in patients with hereditary risk factors for neoplasia, but also in patients without cancer anamnesis. To obtain the results, further observation of patients in the study group and randomized multicenter studies are required.
Current understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of schizophrenia
Authors: Vanyukov V. V. , Gulyaeva I. L. , Ganeeva Е. R. , Sukhanova О. S. , Zhvakina Е. А. , Minkhazeva E. М. , Baluyeva Т. А.
Published: May 2024

The current literature data on the etiology and pathogenesis of schizophrenia were analyzed. The research method is the analysis of scientific papers on this problem over the past 5 years, presented in the databases of eLibrary, National Library of Medicine and electronic versions of the journals “World Psychiatry Journal”, “The Lancet Psychiatry”, “Schizophrenia Bulletin” and others. Genetic, neurotransmitter, psycho-traumatic, sociocultural and other theories of the origin and development of schizophrenia are analyzed in the review. Schizophrenia is a disease difficult to verify and genetically determined. According to modern theories, the occurrence of schizophrenia and the appearance of symptoms can be influenced by metabolic disorders of neurotransmitters, psycho-traumatic factors, socio-cultural aspects of human life, while the anatomical subcortical structures of the brain are damaged.
Problems of teenage pregnancy: obstetric and perinatal outcomes
Authors: Kravchenko Е. N. , Shevlyukovа Т. P. , Beznoshchenko G. B. , Bulatovа I. А.
Published: May 2024

The review describes the problems of teenage pregnancy. A characteristic feature of the course of gestation in adolescents is a significant number of complications accompanying it. The problem of teenage pregnancy should be prevented not only by medical professionals, but also regulated by means of appropriate legal, social and economic measures.
Management of young first-time mothers` pregnancy should be based on earlier consultative follow-up and planned hospitalization for targeted treatment of complications, as well as a thorough risk assessment during gestation and childbirth.
Specific dysphoric disorders in epilepsy
Authors: Malov A. G. , Andrusenko A. A. , Selyanina N. V.
Published: May 2024

To analyze affective-somatoform (dysphoric) disorders specific to epilepsy.
Dysphoric disorders can be divided into 3 groups: “periictal” disorders, interictal dysphoric disorder and alternative affective-somatoform syndromes. There are 3 groups of risk factors for affective disorders in epilepsy including depressive and dysphoric: those associated with the disease, those associated with the treatment and those associated with psychosocial aspects. Treatment for depression in epilepsy includes medication and psychotherapy. At the first stage of drug therapy, anticonvulsants are corrected, and at the second, an antidepressant is added. Cognitive behavioral therapy is the most effective method of psychotherapy.
Dysphoric disorders in epilepsy are presented by a wide range of conditions, both paroxysmal and non-paroxysmal, and have their own classification and development factors, which must be taken into account when choosing adequate therapy.
The options for prognosis of the outcome of ischemic stroke in young patients
Authors: Gusev V. V. , Lvova O. А. , Kovtun O. P. , Shamalov N. А. , Sergeev A. P. , Sergeeva M. V. , Medvedeva D. A.
Published: May 2024

Objective. To develop criteria for prognosis of the outcome of ischemic stroke, taking into account age, dynamics of state assessment, the Rankin and NIHSS scales readings and the fact of disability in the long-term period. The universal reliable criteria, that allow to predict the outcome of ischemic stroke, have not been developed yet.
Material and methods. The study group consisted of 246 patients with ischemic stroke aged 18 to 44 who were observed from 2008 to 2021.
Results. It is impossible to predict disability in a long-term period of ischemic stroke reliably. Predicting the outcome of ischemic stroke using the Rankin and NIHSS scales is significant in the acute period and allows to predict the dynamics of recovery in mild and moderate cases.
Conclusion. The predictive value of the integrative indicators of the patient's condition, assessed by the Rankin and NIHSS scales, has been established.
Choosing Appropriate Regularization Parameters by Splitting Data into Training and Validation Sets—Application in Global Surface-Wave Tomography
Authors: Ma Zhitu , Mir Ramees R. , Dalton Colleen A. , Godfrey Karen E.
Published: May 2024

Many linear(ized) geophysical inverse problems cannot be solved without regularization. Finding the regularization parameter that best balances the model complexity and data misfit is often a key step in the inversion problem. Traditionally, this is done by first plotting the measure of model complexity versus data misfit for different values of regularization parameter, which manifests as an L-shaped curve, and then choosing the regularization parameter corresponding to the corner point on the L-curve. For this approach, the difference in units between model complexity and data misfit must be considered, otherwise the result will be strongly affected by the scaling between these two quantities. Inspired by the machine learning literature, we here propose an extension to the traditional L-curve method. We first split the raw dataset into training and validation sets, obtain a solution by performing inversion on the training set only, and calculate data misfits on the validation set. We demonstrate the efficacy of this approach with a toy example and with two synthetic datasets. In realistic global surface-wave tomography studies where sampling of the Earth is nonuniform, we devise a procedure to generate a validation dataset with sampling as uniform as possible. We then show that the regularization parameter can be determined using this validation set, and this determination is apparently robust to the ratio of data split between training and validation sets. For both synthetic tests and realistic inversions, we find that our procedure can produce a minimal point that can be easily identified on the misfit curves calculated on the validation sets, and avoids the nuances encountered in the traditional L-curve analysis.
The use of nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis: A scoping review
Authors: Takei Edson Kenzo
Published: May 2024

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease for which there is no existing cure. Diagnosis of the disease occurs primarily by analysis of demyelinated lesions, and their dissemination in space and time. Nanoparticles (NPs) are currently being investigated for diagnostic and therapeutic applications for MS due to their unique physical and chemical properties. This review aims to investigate the use of NPs for the diagnosis and treatment of CNS disorders, to investigate the applicability of NPs to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of MS. In this scoping review, 24 studies on different applications of NPs for diagnosis and treatment of MS as well as studies on their safety both in vivo and vitro were analyzed. The results indicate that the majority of studies on the different applications of NPs opted for intravenous and intraperitoneal administration routes with NP size varying from 5.6-500 nm. NPs were used for better enhancement and identification of demyelinating lesions in the central nervous system (CNS) by labelling immune cells. As for drug delivery applications, NPs were shown to increase cargo half-life, and enable the controllable release of drugs. Studies on their safety indicates that while particle size, concentration, and the target tissue greatly influence a NP’s biocompatibility, they are relatively safe for short-term use. These results indicate that NPs’ success in experimental models of demyelinating diseases should be further studied for its future application to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with MS. Further analysis of long-term adverse effects, experimental models employed by different studies, use of various compounds to enhance NPs’ effect in the CNS, and the study of future use of NPs in theranostic applications are needed before clinical application can be considered.
AN ASSESSMENT OF PESTICIDE POISONING INCIDENCES PRESENTED AT HEALTH CARE FACILITIES IN MASHONALAND CENTRAL PROVINCE, ZIMBABWE
Authors: Chipere Kenneth , Mujaju Claid , Matyora Taurai , Muhera Shumirayi , Mwale Shengai , Muzofa Peter Ishe , Kusena Kudzai , Saunyama Ivy Getrude
Published: May 2024

Acute Pesticide Poisoning (APP) is a significant problem in developing countries, causing loss of productivity and fatalities in the agricultural sector. However, limited information on the connection between pesticide use, APP, and deaths in Zimbabwe is available. This study aimed to evaluate incidents that resulted in APP and identify the specific pesticides that caused them at Health Care Facilities (HCFs) in Mashonaland Central Province. Researchers conducted a survey asking standardized questions to gather information on APP cases from 93 HCFs. Descriptive statistics and chi-square association tests for APP cases in the targeted HCFs were calculated using IBM SPSS version 22. The study found that 43% of APP cases were due to pesticides belonging to the World Health Organization (WHO) class II acute toxicity category, while 26.1% were caused by Highly Hazardous Pesticides (HHPs). Most of the cases were due to intentional poisoning (87.1%), with the majority (55.9%) of APP incidents being males. The highest APP cases were recorded in the 21-30 age group (38.8%), followed by the 31-40 age group (32.8%). These results emphasize the significant impact of intentional poisoning by WHO class II type pesticides, particularly HHPs, on the incidence of APP in Zimbabwe. To mitigate the impact of HHPs on human health, it is recommended that the government of Zimbabwe consider pesticide risk reduction measures, such as stricter pesticide registration criteria, import restrictions, and the promotion of less toxic alternatives. These findings highlight the urgent need for policymakers, researchers, and other stakeholders in the agricultural sector to work collaboratively towards creating a safer and more sustainable farming environment in Zimbabwe.
Potential effect of fruit and flower extracts of Arbutus unedo L. on Tetrahymena pyriformis exposed to a cobalt-60 source
Authors: Belfekih Fatine , Moussaif Ahmed , El Mzibri Mohammed , Moutaouakkil Adnane , Benbacer Laila , Bengueddour Rachid , Iddar Abdelghani
Published: May 2024

Exposure of Tetrahymena pyriformis cultures to cobalt-60 for 72 h significantly impacted the cells' growth, appearance, and physiology. This study aims to investigate the protective effects of Arbutus unedo L flowers and fruit extracts on T. pyriformis against gamma radiation. Initially, aqueous and 50% ethanolic extracts of the fruits and flowers were prepared, and their cytotoxicity on the ciliate was evaluated. The irradiated ciliate's cellular viability and morphological aspect improved when a non-toxic concentration of 25 µg/mL was added to the growth medium. The addition of extracts restored glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase activities to their initial levels, similar to non-irradiated cells. In addition, the extracts reduced oxidative stress markers, such as lipid peroxidation, and decreased the activities of antioxidant defence enzymes, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. This may be attributed to the antioxidant properties of the extracts. Results of this study revealed that the flower extracts exhibited better protective effects than the fruit extracts, with superior antioxidant activity in the in-vitro DPPH scavenging assay. These results suggest that A. unedo flower extracts may have potential as exogenous radioprotective agents.
SAĞLIK VE EĞİTİM HARCAMALARININ BEŞERİ SERMAYE ÖZELLİĞİ ÜZERİNDE COVİD-19 PANDEMİSİNİN MODERATÖR ETKİSİ
Authors: Selvi Sarıgül Seval , Konca Murat
Published: May 2024

Bu çalışmada sağlık ve eğitim harcamalarının gayri safi yurt içi hâsıla (GSYİH) üzerindeki etkisinde Yeni Koronavirüs (SARS-CoV-2, COVİD-19) değişkeninin moderatör etkisinin olup olmadığını ortaya koyarak literatüre katkıda bulunmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda çalışmanın analiz kısmında 37 Ekonomik İşbirliği ve Kalkınma Örgütü (OECD) üyesi ülkenin 2015-2020 dönemine ait verileri ile oluşturulan panel veri seti kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada iki model kurulmuştur. Model I’de sağlık harcamalarının GSYİH üzerindeki etkisinde COVİD-19’un moderatör etkisi incelenmiştir. Model II’de ise, eğitim harcamalarının GSYİH üzerindeki etkisinde COVİD-19’un moderatör etkisi incelenmiştir. Her iki modelde de sağlık ve eğitim harcamalarının GSYİH üzerinde pozitif yönlü ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p0,05). Son olarak, eğitim ve sağlık harcamalarının GSYİH üzerindeki etkisinde COVİD-19 değişkenin herhangi bir moderatör etkisi bulunamamıştır (p>0,05
THE IMPACT OF HEALTH SUPPLY AND DEMAND ON HEALTH OUTCOMES IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SERVICES: PANEL DATA ANALYSİS
Authors: Diğer Hülya
Published: May 2024

The aim of this study is to determine the impact of health supply and demand on health outcomes in primary health care services. For this purpose, the population of the study consists of the Eastern Anatolia Region. Sampling was not determined in the study, and data from 14 provinces in the region were evaluated. The dependent variable of the study is the number of deaths, while the independent variables are the number of family medicine units and the number of primary care applications. The research data were tested separately for each province considering the time period 2012-2021. According to the results of the study, the increase in the number of family medicine units leads to a decrease in the number of deaths in Erzurum, Van and Ağrı, as in the whole panel. On the other hand, the increase in the number of primary care visits decreases the number of deaths in Muş and Hakkari, but increases it in Malatya and Bitlis.
THE EFFECT OF PERCEIVED FUTURE EMPLOYABILITY ON FUTURE ANXIETY: A STUDY ON HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT STUDENTS
Authors: Gökkaya Duygu , Erten Şerafettin
Published: May 2024

This study aims to analyze the effect of perceived future employability on future anxiety of undergraduate and associate degree students studying healthcare management in Turkish universities. In addition, whether there is a difference between students’ perceived future employability and future anxiety levels in the context of demographic variables was also investigated. As a result of the findings, it was determined that perceived future employability has a negative and statistically significant but low effect on future anxiety. The effect of the sub-dimensions of the perceived future employability scale on future anxiety was also examined, and it was found that the dimensions of perceived future communication network, expected reputation of the educational institution and perceived future skills predicted future anxiety negatively and statistically significantly. In the context of demographic variables, a statistically significant difference was found only in the gender variable. Future anxiety of women is higher than that of men. Within the framework of these results, it is possible to say that the perceived future employability levels of undergraduate and associate degree students studying healthcare management in Turkish universities are high, and most of their future concerns are shaped by different factors.
HAKAS TÜRKÇESİNDEKİ YER VE MEKÂN ADLARININ ESKİ TÜRKÇEDEKİ İZLERİ
Authors: Yalçın Süleyman Kaan , Özeren Mehmet
Published: May 2024

Ad bilim (onomastik), dil bilimin en önemli alanlarından birini oluşturmaktadır. Ad bilimin en önemli alt kollarından birini ise yer ve mekân adları oluşturmaktadır. Yer/mekân adları, kendi içinde özel yer/mekân adları (onimiler) ve özel bir adlandırmaya dayalı olmayan cins yer/mekân adları (apelyatifler) olarak ikiye ayrılmaktadır. Yer/mekân adları, dil bilimsel çalışmaların önemli bir bölümünü oluşturmakla beraber; geçmişe ışık tutması ve toplumların kültürel yapısını ortaya koyması açısından üzerinde en çok çalışılan alanlardan biri haline gelmiştir. Bu alanla ilgili olarak en dikkat çekici özelliklerden biri de yer/mekân adlarındaki Eski Türkçe izlerdir. Toplumların yerleşme ve kültür tarihinin aydınlatılmasında yer ve coğrafya adlandırmaları önemli kaynak malzemelerdir. Bu yönüyle toplumun tarihsel, kültürel ve sosyal izlerinin takip edilebildiği en önemli alanlardan birini oluşturan yer ve mekân adlarındaki Eski Türkçe izlerin tespit edilmesi, geçmişle kurulacak dil, tarih ve kültür ilişkileri açısından ayrı bir ehemmiyet taşımaktadır. Hakas Türkçesi söz varlığında yer alan yer ve mekân adlarındaki Eski Türkçe izler belirlenirken sözcüklerin tarihî dönemlerde kullanılmış olan biçimlerinin birebir korunmasıyla veya tarihî dönemlerdeki formuna en yakın bir şekilde eşleşmesiyle ortaya çıkan dil birimlerine yer verilecektir. Bu çalışmada Hakas Türkçesinde yer alan tüm yer ve mekân adlarının söz varlığı açısından taşıdığı Eski Türkçe izlerin ortaya çıkarılması hedeflenmektedir.
ETKİN PİŞMANLIĞIN VERGİ KAÇAKÇILIĞI SUÇUNDAKİ GÖRÜNÜMÜ
Authors: Ergür Osman Kağan , Akkaş Ahmet Hulusi
Published: May 2024

Etkin pişmanlık, failin işlediği suçtan pişmanlık duyarak işlediği suçun olumsuz etkilerini gidermeye vesile olan önemli bir müessesedir. Nitekim suçun faili pişmanlık göstermek suretiyle hem suçtan alacağı cezadan kurtulmakta veya cezasında indirim sağlanmakta hem de işlediği suç neticesinde ortaya çıkan olumsuz sonuçların giderilmesine katkıda bulunmaktadır. Ceza hukukunda kabul gören etkin pişmanlık müessesesi, 7394 sayılı Hazineye Ait Taşınmaz Malların Değerlendirilmesi ve Katma Değer Vergisi Kanununda Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun ile Bazı Kanunlarda ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Kanun ile Vergi Usul Kanunu m. 359’a eklenen hükümler doğrultusunda vergi ceza hukuku çerçevesinde vergi kaçakçılığı suçu bakımından da uygulanabilir hale getirilmiştir. Bu müessese ile vergi kaçakçılığı suçunun failinin etkin pişmanlık için öngörülen şartları yerine getirmesi halinde kanunda öngörülen oranlar nispetinde cezasında indirim yoluna gidilecektir. Getirilen bu düzenleme ile birlikte vergi kaçakçılığı suçunun failinin etkin pişmanlıktan yararlanmasına imkân tanınmış olmakla birlikte bu müessesenin uygulanması esnasında ödeme şartında, lehe kanunun tespitinde yetkili mahkemenin belirlenmesinde ve cezaların caydırıcılık ve adil olma özelliklerinin zarar görmesi gibi hususlarda olumsuz hususların olabileceği ihtimal dahilindedir
GÜNÜMÜZ REKLAMCILIĞINDA YENİ PRATİKLER; ARTIRILMIŞ GERÇEKLİKLE REKLAM UYGULAMALARI
Authors: Tıngır Merve , Tarlakazan Burak Erhan
Published: May 2024

Teknolojik gelişmeler tüm alanları olduğu gibi, reklam ve pazarlama dünyasını da etkilemiş, geleneksel reklamcılık anlayışı dijital teknolojilerle birlikte değişime uğramıştır. Artırılmış gerçeklik uygulamaları farklı, eğlenceli, renkli, kolay erişilebilir olması vb. özelliklerinden ötürü kullanıcının dikkatini daha fazla çekmektedir. Teknolojide yaşanan gelişmelerle birlikte markalar, hedef kitlelerine en kısa yoldan, en çabuk ve en etkili bir şekilde ulaşmak ve tüketime teşvik etmek için artırılmış gerçeklik teknolojisini kendi ihtiyaçlarına göre kullanmaktadır. Araştırmada günümüz reklam çalışmalarında yer verilen artırılmış gerçeklik uygulamalarını incelemek üzere; nitel araştırma modeli doğrultusunda literatür taraması, gözlem ve veri toplama yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Reklam faaliyetlerinde artırılmış geçeklik uygulamalarına yer veren marka ve reklamlar tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Günümüz pazarlama dünyasında artırılmış gerçeklik uygulamaları ile yapılan çok sayıda reklam çalışması ile karşılaşılmasına rağmen, alan yazında yapılan çalışmaların az olduğu görülmüştür. Bu anlamda, makalede, artırılmış gerçekliğin tanımı, tarihi, sistemleri ve reklamcılıkta kullanımı ele alınmış, yapılan reklamlar incelenmiş, elde edilen veriler değerlendirilmiş ve bu doğrultuda yapılan çalışmanın literatüre, grafik tasarımcılara ve reklamcılık sektörüne kaynak olması amaçlanmıştır.
BENDİMAHİ ÇAYI (VAN GÖLÜ KAPALI HAVZASI) HİDROLOJİK KURAKLIK ANALİZİ
Authors: Kale Mustafa Murat , Duman Neşe
Published: May 2024

Kuraklık ve yaygın etkileri çağımızın en büyük problemlerinden biridir. Kuraklığa bağlı olarak su kaynakları üzerindeki baskı her geçen gün artmaktadır. Van Gölü Kapalı Havzası, kuraklığın farklı boyutlarının güncel olarak yaşandığı sahalar arasındadır. Bu çalışmada Van Gölü’nün önemli su toplama alanlarından birini drene eden Bendimahi Çayı’ndaki hidrolojik kuraklık araştırılmıştır. Çalışma sahasındaki hidrolojik kuraklığın ve kurak yılların saptanması için Akarsu Kuraklık İndisi (SDI) kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular akım, sıcaklık ve yağış verileri ile bir arada değerlendirilerek eğilim analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu sayede daha anlamlı sonuçlara ulaşılması hedeflenmiştir. Çalışma bulguları kırk ardışık su yılının %48,5’inde hidrolojik kuraklık gerçekleştiğini göstermektedir. Hidrolojik kurak on dokuz su yılı içinde SDI sınıf aralıklarına göre en büyük kuraklığın 2001 su yılına tarihlendiği belirlenmiştir. Akarsu akımlarında aralık, ağustos ve eylül aylarında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı azalma eğilimleri gerçekleştiği saptanırken, SDI indislerinde anlamlı bir eğilimin varlığı tespit edilmemiştir. Yağışlarda istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı herhangi bir eğilim olmamasına karşın yaz ve kış aylarına ait sıcaklık değerlerinde istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı artış eğilimleri gerçekleştiği saptanmıştır.
Encuesta de mercado laboral en Bolivia: diversidad y políticas de inclusión en empresas formales 2023
Authors: Urquidi Manuel , Sardán Solange , Serrate Liliana , Guzmán Navarro Laura , Jiménez Calderón Mateo Ignacio
Published: May 2024

La diversidad y la inclusión en el lugar de trabajo son temas cada vez más relevantes en el mercado laboral. Sin embargo, existen pocos datos sobre diversidad en las empresas, especialmente en países de América Latina y el Caribe. Este documento presenta los resultados de una encuesta realizada a empresas formales en las áreas metropolitanas de La Paz, Cochabamba y Santa Cruz en Bolivia, con el objetivo de obtener información sobre diversidad e inclusión en el ámbito laboral. Las encuestas fueron realizadas a personas encargadas de recursos humanos, quienes proporcionaron datos sobre políticas de inclusión y sus percepciones sobre la participación de distintos grupos en sus empresas. Las preguntas fueron definidas a partir del trabajo e intercambio con personas de poblaciones rurales y urbanas, personas con discapacidad, mujeres, jóvenes y migrantes durante las dos etapas del Programa de Apoyo al Empleo. Adicionalmente se realizaron grupos focales en las áreas metropolitanas de La Paz, Cochabamba y Santa Cruz con personas gay, lesbianas, hombres trans y mujeres trans, intentando visibilizar las vivencias de cada uno de los grupos, haciendo grupos de profesionales y no profesionales en cada uno. Este documento es el resultado del trabajo de un equipo multidisciplinario en el cual participaron profesionales del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, BID, y de la Universidad Privada Boliviana,entre ellos: Montserrat Bustelo, Nicolás Campos, Liliana Castilleja, María Delina Otazú, Mauricio Chumacero, Mónica Pacheco, Nicolás Quiroga, Asunta Isabel Quisbert y Agustina Suaya.
The Relationship of Green Marketing Innovation and Job Protection on Competitive Advantage of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise (MSME): Mental Accounting as Moderating
Authors: Ardianingsih Arum , Setiawan Doddy , Payamta Payamta , Widarjo Wahyu , Langelo Juandy Seiver
Published: May 2024

Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) contribute to the economy and community welfare. MSMEs need to make various efforts to create competitive advantage in order to maintain the sustainability of their business. This research aims to provide empirical evidence of the relationship between environmentally friendly marketing innovation, job protection, and accounting mentality as moderating variables for increasing competitive advantage. The research objects are MSMEs of Batik, Weaving and Craft products in Pekalongan, Indonesia. This research uses a quantitative approach by distributing questionnaires to MSMEs. The research instrument uses a questionnaire taken by purposive sampling. Analysis technique using regression analysis. Research data was analyzed using the WarpPLS tool. The results of the research are that job protection has an influence on competitive advantage. However, green marketing innovation has no effect on creating MSME competitive advantage. Finally, Mental accounting is able to strengthen the relationship between green marketing innovation and job protection on the creation of MSME competitive advantage.
Injury Rehabilitation in Badminton: An Evidence-based Approach to Player Well-being- A Systematic Review
Authors: Hidayat Rezha Arzhan , Ihsan Fadli
Published: May 2024

Badminton, as a sport that demands speed, accuracy, and agility, often causes injuries to players. These injuries can reduce their quality of life and athletic careers. Therefore, effective and evidence-based injury rehabilitation is crucial for recovery and prevention of re-injury. This study aims to systematise the current evidence regarding injury rehabilitation methods in badminton and evaluate their effectiveness in supporting player well-being. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines; this study screened and analysed studies from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Inclusion criteria included studies that evaluated injury rehabilitation programmes specifically for badminton players, with outcome measures of functional recovery, pain reduction, and prevention of re-injury. Quality assessment was conducted using the CASP (Critical Appraisal Skills Programme) tool, and data were extracted for thematic analysis. The results showed that a combination of physical therapy, strengthening exercises, and manual intervention techniques such as joint mobilisation and manipulation provided the most effective outcomes in injury rehabilitation. There is strong evidence supporting the use of proprioceptive training to prevent re-injury. Factors such as player age, initial injury severity, and adherence to the rehabilitation programme were shown to influence recovery success. This study concludes that the approach to injury rehabilitation in badminton should be multidisciplinary, integrating various physiotherapy techniques for optimal outcomes. The findings emphasise the importance of a tailored and evidence-based rehabilitation programme in supporting athletes' recovery and preventing possible future injuries. This study also suggests the need for further research to develop specific and standardised rehabilitation guidelines for badminton players.