bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data from Salvage Ipilimumab plus Nivolumab after Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Therapy in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Alden Stephanie L. , Lim Mir , Kao Chester , Shu Daniel , Singal Amit G. , Noonan Anne , Griffith Paige , Baretti Marina , Ho Won Jin , Kamel Ihab , Yarchoan Mark , Hsiehchen David
Published: July 2023

Combination anti-PD-(L)1/CTLA-4 blockade is approved in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the first-line setting or after sorafenib, but whether this treatment has efficacy after prior anti-PD-(L)1 therapy is unknown. We performed a multicenter retrospective review of patients with advanced HCC treated with ipilimumab plus nivolumab after prior anti-PD-(L)1 therapy, excluding patients with prior anti-CTLA-4 treatment. Of the 32 patients who met our inclusion criteria, prior anti-PD-(L)1 regimens included atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (50%, n = 16), other anti-VEGF plus anti-PD-(L)1 combinations (31%, n = 10), and anti-PD-(L)1 monotherapy (19%, n = 6). The median number of prior systemic therapies was 2 (range, 1–8). The objective response rate with ipilimumab plus nivolumab by RECIST 1.1 was 22% [1 complete response (3%), 6 partial response (19%), 8 stable disease (25%), 16 progressive disease (50%), and 1 not evaluable (NE) (3%)], and objective response was associated with improved progression-free survival and overall survival. Immune-related adverse events were reported in 13 patients (41%), with no new safety signals. This study demonstrates that ipilimumab plus nivolumab has efficacy in patients with HCC who have received prior anti-PD-(L)1 therapy, suggesting that failure to respond to prior PD-(L)1 blockade should not preclude treatment with salvage ipilimumab plus nivolumab. Prospective studies are needed to define the optimal sequence of therapies.
Significance:
Anti-PD-(L)1 containing regimens are the preferred first-line treatment for advanced HCC, but whether salvage with PD-(L)1/CTLA-4 blockade is effective in patients who have failed prior anti-PD-(L)1 therapy is unknown. Our study demonstrates that ipilimumab plus nivolumab has clinical activity in patients with advanced HCC previously treated with anti-PD-(L)1 therapy, supporting the continued use of this regimen in the late-line setting after prior anti-PD-(L)1 exposure.
Thirty-Year Follow-Up of Early Onset Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis with a Pathogenic Variant in SPTLC1
Authors: Ajjarapu Aparna , Feely Shawna ME. , Shy Michael E. , Trout Christina , Zuchner Stephan , Moore Steven A. , Mathews Katherine D.
Published: July 2023

Dominant mutations in serine palmitoyltransferase long chain base subunit 1 (SPTLC1), a known cause of hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy type 1 (HSAN1), are a recently identified cause of juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (JALS) with slow progression. We present a case of SPTLC1-associated JALS followed for 30 years. She was initially evaluated at age 22 years for upper extremity weakness. She experienced gradual decline in muscle strength with development of weakness and hyperreflexia in lower extremities and diffuse fasciculations in the upper extremities at 26 years. She lost independent ambulation at age 45 years. Pulmonary function declined from a forced vital capacity of 94% predicted at 27 years to 49% predicted at 47 years, and she was hospitalized twice for respiratory failure. To our knowledge, this is the longest documented follow-up period of JALS caused by a de novo pathogenic variant in SPTLC1.
Imaging, Genetic, and Pathological Features of Vascular Dementia
Authors: Yang Xiaoni , Chen Chao , Wang Aishuai , Li Changsheng , Cheng Guangqing
Published: July 2023

Background: Over the past decades, marked progress has been made in detecting vascular dementia (VD) both through maturation of diagnostic concepts and advances in brain imaging, especially MRI. We summarized the imaging, genetic, and pathological features of VD in this review. Summary: It is a challenge for the diagnosis and treatment of VD, particularly in patients where there is no evident temporal relation between cerebrovascular events and cognitive dysfunction. In patients with cognitive dysfunction with poststroke onset, the etiological classification is still complicated. Key Messages: In this review, we summarized the clinical, imaging, and genetic as well as pathological features of VD. We hope to offer a framework to translate diagnostic criteria to daily practice, address treatment, and highlight some future perspectives.
Terminating Routine Cord Blood RhD Typing of the Newborns to Guide Postnatal Anti-D Immunoglobulin Prophylaxis Based on the Results of Fetal RHD Genotyping
Authors: Stensrud Monica , Bævre Mette Silihagen , Alm Inger Margit , Wong Ho Yi , Herud Ida , Jacobsen Barbora , de Vos Dijanne Dicky Jannie Anne , Stjern Helena Eriksson , Sørvoll Ingvild Hausberg , Barane Janne Brit , Bagås Tonje Espeland , Rasmussen Mona , Ulvahaug Norunn , Wamstad Vendula , Tomter Geir , Akkök Cigdem Akalin
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Targeted routine antenatal prophylaxis with anti-D immunoglobulin (Ig) only to RhD-negative pregnant women who carry RhD-positive fetuses (determined by fetal RHD genotyping) has reduced D-alloimmunization significantly when administered in addition to postnatal prophylaxis. Achieving high analysis sensitivity and few false-negative fetal RHD results will make RhD typing of the newborn redundant. Postnatal prophylaxis can then be given based on the result of fetal RHD genotyping. Terminating routine RhD typing of the newborns in cord blood will streamline maternity care. Accordingly, we compared the results of fetal RHD genotyping with RhD typing of the newborns. Methods: Fetal RHD genotyping was performed, and antenatal anti-D Ig was administered at gestational week 24 and 28, respectively. Data for 2017–2020 are reported. Results: Ten laboratories reported 18,536 fetal RHD genotypings, and 16,378 RhD typing results of newborns. We found 46 false-positive (0.28%) and seven false-negative (0.04%) results. Sensitivity of the assays was 99.93%, while specificity was 99.24%. Conclusion: Few false-negative results support the good analysis quality of fetal RHD genotyping. Routine cord blood RhD typing will therefore be discontinued nationwide and postnatal anti-D Ig will now be given based on the result of fetal RHD genotyping.
A new Hygrochroma Herrich-Schäffer (Geometridae: Ennominae) from Mexico City named by its residents after an ancient volcano
Authors: GARZÓN-ORDUÑA IVONNE J.
Published: July 2023

A new species of Hygrochroma Herrich-Schäffer is described and illustrated from a male and two females deposited in Mexico’s National Insect Collection. Hygrochroma xitle Garzón-Orduña sp. n. is distinguished from other Hygrochroma by its two, bold, longitudinal white lines on the ventral surface of the wings. The species name was chosen by a crowd-sourced initiative that presented the general public with five alternative names. Xitle, the name of an ancient volcano located inside Mexico City, was the most popular, winning over the others with 1,881 votes.
Comments on the taxonomic status of Cyrtodactylus zebraicus Taylor, 1962 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Northern Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: QUAH EVAN S. H. , GRISMER L. LEE , SYAFIQ MUHAMAD FATIHAH , RUJIRAWAN ATTAPOL , AOWPHOL ANCHALEE , AHMAD AMIRRUDIN B. , ANUAR M.S. SHAHRUL
Published: July 2023

The taxonomic status of Cyrtodactylus zebraicus in Peninsular Malaysia has been plagued with uncertainty over the last three decades owing to a lack of vouchered material. Recent collections confirmed the presence of this species in the northernmost state of Perlis and for the country. An expanded description of the newly collected Peninsular Malaysian specimens as well as the holotype of C. zebraicus is provided along with a comparison with other Cyrtodactylus species in the country. This study adds to the growing number of herpetofaunal species with Indo-Burmese affinities discovered in northern states of the country and the biogeographic importance of this region for the exchange of fauna and flora. The findings also highlight the importance of continued field work along the biogeographic interchange of the Banjaran Nakawan that separates southwestern Thailand from northwestern Peninsular Malaysia and the need to sample and collect voucher specimens that can be deposited in proper scientific collections for current and future research.
End of Life in Patients With Advanced Non-curable Cancer: Patient Considerations Around the Moment of Death
Authors: Moreno Socorro , Medina-Rico Mauricio , Osorio Clavijo Katalina , Rodríguez Nicole A. , Vicuña Jiménez Víctor M. , Calvache Jose A. , de Vries Esther
Published: July 2023

There is limited knowledge regarding Colombian patients with advanced cancer preferences regarding their final moments, place of death, and post-death wishes. To better understand these preferences, we conducted 23 in-depth interviews with patients between the ages of 28 and 78 receiving treatment at two academic hospitals and the National Cancer Institute. While many participants desired a peaceful death, few were comfortable discussing the topic of death directly. Some younger participants expressed an interest in euthanasia but had not received any guidance or support. While several participants preferred a home death, some expressed a desire to die in a hospital due to better symptom control. Additionally, when discussing post-death wishes, some participants expressed frustration about being unable to have these conversations with their loved ones and their preferences for funeral arrangements. Socioeconomic and geographical factors significantly impacted the wishes and preferences expressed, with many individuals hesitant to initiate difficult conversations.
Modeling and semi-active control performance analysis of MRE isolator based on BPNN optimized by GA using different evaluation indexes
Authors: Wang Huixing , Huang Xuegong , Liu Tao , Wang Jiong
Published: July 2023

The utilization of isolation systems employing Magnetorheological Elastomer (MRE) devices holds significant promise for structural vibration applications due to their customizable stiffness and damping characteristics. However, the nonlinear dynamics inherent in MRE isolators present formidable obstacles for the establishment of accurate models and development of effective control strategies for practical implementation. In this work, the dynamic properties of a self-made MRE isolator under different loading conditions are tested and analyzed. Then the nonparametric forward model and inverse model of MRE isolator based on BPNN (back propagation neural network) are established respectively, and the GA (genetic algorithm) is used to optimize the neural structure of BPNN. The precision and accuracy of the forward and inverse model is verified by comparing the predicted and experimental data. Simulation and experimental results show that the BPNN optimized by GA can efficiently and accurately model the nonlinear behavior of MRE isolators. Based on this, we take an eight-story shear frame building based on the proposed MRE vibration isolator model as the research object and numerically studied the vibration suppression effect under the control of three typical control algorithms, that is, LQR, FC, and FC-PID. In the process of evaluating the effect of vibration isolation control, in addition to utilizing the traditional displacement amplitude, layer distance and acceleration as evaluation indexes, we also propose a new comprehensive evaluation index which has weighting coefficients and considers the input cost. It is shown that the newly proposed comprehensive index can more conveniently compare the advantages and disadvantages of different control algorithms, and the fuzzy PID is the most suitable among the three control algorithms.
Identifying the skills requirements related to industrial symbiosis and energy efficiency for the European process industry
Authors: Akyazi Tugce , Goti Aitor , Bayón Felix , Kohlgrüber Michael , Schröder Antonius
Published: July 2023

The need for sustainable production, efficient use of resources, energy efficiency and reduction in CO2 emission are currently the main drivers that are transforming the European process industry besides Industry 4.0. Since the potential of industrial symbiosis (IS) and energy efficiency (EE) about environmental, economic and social issues has been discovered, the interest in them is gradually increasing. The funding and investments for IS and EE are highly encouraged by the European Commission, while more and more policies as well as research and innovation (R&I) activities are initiated to promote European industry’s advancement towards a circular economy and CO2 neutrality. The aim is to maintain the competitiveness and economic progress of the industry. The key to build a competitive and sustainable European manufacturing industry is to create a competent, highly qualified workforce that is capable of handling the new business models coming with IS and EE requirements and digital technologies. We can generate this by identifying the skills needs and upskilling and reskilling the current workforce accordingly by delivering the suitable training programmes. Therefore, this work identifies the most critical skills needs related to IS and EE for six different energy-intensive sectors (steel, ceramic, water, cement, chemical and minerals) in Europe. The effect of the digital transformation on the skills needs is as well discussed. The identified skills are aimed to be included in vocational education and training (VET), tertiary education and other kinds of training curricula. We also identify the cross-sectoral most representative job profiles linked with EE and IS in these sectors and demonstrate the methodology for the selection process. Furthermore, we present a key tool for identifying the most significant current and future skills requirements. Also, we define the critical skill gaps of the European process industry using this tool. Once the skill gaps are defined, they can be reduced by delivering well-developed continuous trainings. We also link our work to the respectable ESCO, the European Classification of skills, competences, qualifications and occupations, to attain a common ground with other studies and frameworks, minimise the complexity and contribute to their work. Our work is developed to be an academic and industrial guideline to prepare well-developed training programmes to deliver the needed skills.
Mapping the risk of respiratory infections using suburban district areas in a large city in Colombia
Authors: Cortes-Ramirez Javier , Gatton Michelle , Wilches-Vega Juan D. , Mayfield Helen J. , Wang Ning , Paris-Pineda Olga M. , Sly Peter D.
Published: July 2023

Background

Acute respiratory infections (ARI) in Cúcuta -Colombia, have a comparatively high burden of disease associated with high public health costs. However, little is known about the epidemiology of these diseases in the city and its distribution within suburban areas. This study addresses this gap by estimating and mapping the risk of ARI in Cúcuta and identifying the most relevant risk factors.

Methods

A spatial epidemiological analysis was designed to investigate the association of sociodemographic and environmental risk factors with the rate of ambulatory consultations of ARI in urban sections of Cúcuta, 2018. The ARI rate was calculated using a method for spatial estimation of disease rates. A Bayesian spatial model was implemented using the Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation approach and the Besag-York-Mollié specification. The risk of ARI per urban section and the hotspots of higher risk were also estimated and mapped.

Results

A higher risk of IRA was found in central, south, north and west areas of Cúcuta after adjusting for sociodemographic and environmental factors, and taking into consideration the spatial distribution of the city’s urban sections. An increase of one unit in the percentage of population younger than 15 years; the Index of Multidimensional Poverty and the rate of ARI in the migrant population was associated with a 1.08 (1.06—1.1); 1.04 (1.01—1.08) and 1.25 (1.22—1.27) increase of the ARI rate, respectively. Twenty-four urban sections were identified as hotspots of risk in central, south, north and west areas in Cucuta.

Conclusion

Sociodemographic factors and their spatial patterns are determinants of acute respiratory infections in Cúcuta. Bayesian spatial hierarchical models can be used to estimate and map the risk of these infections in suburban areas of large cities in Colombia. The methods of this study can be used globally to identify suburban areas and or specific communities at risk to support the implementation of prevention strategies and decision-making in the public and private health sectors.
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 1 inhibition mediated oxidative phosphorylation enhancement in cartilage promotes osteoarthritis progression
Authors: Yang Xian , Jiang Qingsong , Luan Tiankuo , Yu Chao , Liu Zhibo , Wang Ting , Wan Jingyuan , Huang Jiayu , Li Ke
Published: July 2023

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease characterized by cartilage degradation. Growing evidence showed that glucose metabolism impacts joint homeostasis and an imbalance between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) may exacerbate OA progression, however, a definitive link is yet to be established. Here, we report that pyruvate metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation pathway is enriched in OA cartilage through gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and expression of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 1 (PDK1), an enzyme that can phosphorylate Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH), and inhibit pyruvate fluxes into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and to OXPHOS, in articular cartilage is notably reduced through destabilization of medial meniscus (DMM). Moreover, by inhibiting PDK1, cartilage loss is markedly accelerated in DMM-induced OA through extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and apoptosis of chondrocytes. These results indicate that PDK1 is involved in the progression of OA through accelerating cartilage matrix degradation and synovium inflammation to ameliorate cartilage degeneration.
RDN for the treatment of influenza in children: a randomized, double-blinded, parallel-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Yang Shuo , Xie Yan-ming , Wang Lian-xin
Published: July 2023

Background

The morbidity of influenza in children increased rapidly in decade. Reduning injection (RDN), a small but fine Chinese herbal formula, has antipyretic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory effects. We intend to evaluate the efficacy and safety of RDN for the influenza in children versus Oseltamivir, explore the possible antiviral mechanism of RDN and provide evidence-based medical evidence for rational clinical drug usage.

Method

We design a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel control of positive drug, multi-centre clinical study. According to the formula of mean superiority test, a total of 240 patients with influenza in children will be randomized 1:1 into the experimental group and control group. The experimental group will take RDN and Oseltamivir phosphate granule simulants and the control group will take Oseltamivir phosphate granule and RDN simulants. Each group will be treated for 5 days. The primary outcome measure is temperature recovery time, and the secondary outcome measures include time when the fever begins to subside, time and degree of disease to alleviate, disappearance rate of individual symptoms and so on. We will measure before enrollment and each 24 h after treatment for comparison.

Discussion

The study is launched to evaluate the efficacy and safety of RDN for the treatment of influenza in children and to provide an alternative option for influenza in children.

Trial registration

This study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT04183725, registered on 3 December, 2019.
An Fgr kinase inhibitor attenuates sepsis-associated encephalopathy by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation via the SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Yuqiang , Yang Han , Luo Nanbo , Fu Yifei , Qiu Fang , Pan Zhenglong , Li Xiongjuan , Jian Wenling , Yang Xinping , Xue Qingsheng , Luo Yan , Yu Buwei , Liu Zhiheng
Published: July 2023

Background

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is characterized by diffuse brain dysfunction, long-term cognitive impairment, and increased morbidity and mortality. The current treatment for SAE is mainly symptomatic; the lack of specific treatment options and a poor understanding of the underlying mechanism of disease are responsible for poor patient outcomes. Fgr is a member of the Src family of tyrosine kinases and is involved in the innate immune response, hematologic cancer, diet-induced obesity, and hemorrhage-induced thalamic pain. This study investigated the protection provided by an Fgr kinase inhibitor in SAE and the underlying mechanism(s) of action.

Methods

A cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced mouse sepsis model was established. Mice were treated with or without an Fgr inhibitor and a PGC-1α inhibitor/activator. An open field test, a novel object recognition test, and an elevated plus maze were used to assess neurobehavioral changes in the mice. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to measure protein expression, and mRNA levels were measured using quantitative PCR (qPCR). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to quantify inflammatory cytokines. Mitochondrial membrane potential and morphology were measured by JC-1, electron microscopy, and the MitoTracker Deep Red probe. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction were analyzed. In addition, the regulatory effect of Fgr on sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) was assessed.

Results

CLP-induced sepsis increased the expression of Fgr in the hippocampal neurons. Pharmacological inhibition of Fgr attenuated CLP-induced neuroinflammation, the survival rate, cognitive and emotional dysfunction, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, Fgr interacted with SIRT1 and reduced its activity and expression. In addition, activation of SIRT1/PGC-1α promoted the protective effects of the Fgr inhibitor on CLP-induced brain dysfunction, while inactivation of SIRT1/PGC-1α counteracted the benefits of the Fgr inhibitor.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this is the first report of Fgr kinase inhibition markedly ameliorating SAE through activation of the SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway, and this may be a promising therapeutic target for SAE.

Graphical Abstract
Protocol for a randomized controlled trial comparing a very low-carbohydrate diet or moderate-carbohydrate plate-method diet for type 2 diabetes: the LEGEND (Lifestyle Education about Nutrition for Diabetes) trial
Authors: Saslow Laura R. , Eslamian Adriana , Moran Patricia , Hartogensis Wendy , Mason Ashley E. , Kim Sarah , Bauer Douglas C. , Griauzde Dina Hafez , Goldman Veronica , Liu Vivian , Stephens Pam , Raymond Kate , Yeung George , Leung Cindy , Hecht Frederick M.
Published: July 2023

Background

Optimal carbohydrate intake is an important and controversial area in the nutritional management of type 2 diabetes. Some evidence indicates that reducing overall carbohydrate intake with a low- or very low-carbohydrate eating plan can improve glycemic control compared to following eating plans that involve greater carbohydrate intake. However, critical knowledge gaps currently prevent clear recommendations about carbohydrate intake levels.

Methods

The LEGEND (Lifestyle Education about Nutrition for Diabetes) Trial aims to compare a very low-carbohydrate diet to a moderate-carbohydrate plate-method diet for glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes. This two-site trial plans to recruit 180 adults with type 2 diabetes. We will randomize participants to either a 20-session group-based diet and lifestyle intervention that teaches either a very low-carbohydrate diet or a moderate-carbohydrate plate-method diet. We will assess participants at study entry and 4 and 12 months later. The primary outcome is HbA1c, and secondary outcomes include inflammation (high sensitivity C-reactive protein), body weight, changes in diabetes medications, lipids (small particle LDL, HDL, triglycerides), skeletal metabolism (bone mineral density from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and bone turnover markers serum procollagen type I N propeptide and serum C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen), and body composition (percent body fat, percent lean body mass).

Discussion

The LEGEND trial is a randomized controlled trial to assess optimal carbohydrate intake in type 2 diabetes by evaluating the effects of a very low-carbohydrate diet vs. a moderate-carbohydrate plate-method diet over a year-long period. The research addresses important gaps in the evidence base for the nutritional management of type 2 diabetes by providing data on potential benefits and adverse effects of different levels of carbohydrate intake.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05237128. Registered on February 11, 2022
Mapping the poultry insectome in and around broiler breeder pullet farms identifies new potential Dipteran vectors of Histomonas meleagridis
Authors: Terra Maria Tereza , Macklin Kenneth S. , Burleson Mark , Jeon Alan , Beckmann John F. , Hauck Ruediger
Published: July 2023

Background

Histomonas meleagridis can infect chickens and turkeys. It uses the eggs of the cecal worm Heterakis gallinarum as a vector and reservoir. Litter beetles (Alphitobius diaperinus) and other arthropod species have been implicated as potential vectors, but little information about other arthropod species as potential vectors is known.

Methods

Four broiler breeder pullet farms were sampled every 4 months. On each farm, three types of traps were set inside and outside two houses. Trapped arthropod specimens were morphologically identified at order level and grouped into families/types when possible. Selected specimens from abundant types found both inside and outside barns were screened for H. meleagridis and H. gallinarum by qPCR.

Results

A total of 4743 arthropod specimens were trapped. The three most frequently encountered orders were Diptera (38%), Coleoptera (17%), and Hymenoptera (7%). Three hundred seventeen discrete types were differentiated. More arthropods were trapped outside than inside. Alpha diversity was greater outside than inside but not significantly influenced by season. The composition of the arthropod populations, including the insectome, varied significantly between trap location and seasons. Up to 50% of litter beetles tested positive for H. meleagridis DNA 4 months after an observed histomonosis outbreak. Sporadically litter beetles were positive for H. gallinarum DNA. Thirteen further arthropod types were tested, and specimens of four Dipteran families tested positive for either one or both parasites.

Conclusions

This study describes the insectome in and around broiler breeder pullet farms and identifies new potential vectors of H. meleagridis through qPCR. The results show a limited but present potential of arthropods, especially flies, to transmit histomonosis between farms.

Graphical Abstract
Determining the psychometric properties of safety attitudes questionnaire in NICUs
Authors: Sarhadi Arezo , Farahani Azam Shirinabadi , Rassouli Maryam , Nasiri Malihe , Babaie Mohadese , Khademi Fatemeh
Published: July 2023

Introduction

This study aimed to translate and assess the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the “Safety Attitude Questionnaire” in the NICUs.

Methods

In this psychometric study, the “Safety Attitude Questionnaire” was translated into Persian. Then this version was used for psychometric evaluation. For this purpose, the qualitative face, content validity and construct validity were performed by confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency and stability reliability were calculated. Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software.

Results

Face validity was also performed with a slight change in four items. The factor structure of the tool was determined by confirmatory factor analysis. Fit indices were appropriate. Internal consistency reliability in the whole questionnaire was 0.65 and the stability reliability was calculated to be 0.64.

Discussion and conclusion

“Safety Attitude Questionnaire” has appropriate psychometric properties and can be used in NICUs.
Dismantling networks abruptly by tree decomposition
Authors: Han Aolin , Qi XingQin , Cao Zhulou
Published: July 2023

Dismantling a network by removing the minimum vertices is a challenging problem in complex networks. While most existing methods focus on efficiency, they overlook the importance of abruptness during the dismantling process. Gradual changes in the largest connected component size can alert the target and render the attack ineffective. To overcome this issue, we propose a new dismantling method based on tree decomposition and a new metric quantifying the abruptness of the dismantling process. Our method involves applying tree decomposition to the network using the min fill-in method, identifying the most critical edge in the decomposed tree, and removing the vertices contained in the edge. Experimental results on eight real networks demonstrate that our proposed method significantly outperforms classical methods in abruptness and efficiency.
Characterization of digestive proteases in the gut of a basal deuterostome
Authors: Hildebrand Jasper , Chang William W. , Hu Marian Y. , Stumpp Meike
Published: July 2023

Digestive systems are complex organs that allow organisms to absorb energy from their environment to fuel vital processes such as growth, development and the maintenance of homeostasis. A comprehensive understanding of digestive physiology is therefore essential to fully understand the energetics of an organism. The digestion of proteins is of particular importance because most heterotrophic organisms are not able to synthesize all essential amino acids. While Echinoderms are basal deuterostomes that share a large genetic similarity with vertebrates, their digestion physiology remains largely unexplored. Using a genetic approach, this work demonstrated that several protease genes including an enteropeptidase, aminopeptidase, carboxypeptidase and trypsin involved in mammalian digestive networks are also found in sea urchin larvae. Through characterization including perturbation experiments with different food treatments and pharmacological inhibition of proteases using specific inhibitors, as well as transcriptomic analysis, we conclude that the trypsin-2 gene codes for a crucial enzyme for protein digestion in Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Measurements of in vivo digestion rates in the transparent sea urchin larva were not altered by pharmacological inhibition of trypsin (using soybean trypsin inhibitor) or serine proteases (aprotinin), suggesting that proteases are not critically involved in the initial step of microalgal breakdown. This work provides new insights into the digestive physiology of a basal deuterostome and allows comparisons from the molecular to the functional level in the digestive systems of vertebrates and mammals. This knowledge will contribute to a better understanding for conserved digestive mechanisms that evolved in close interaction with their biotic and abiotic environment.
Bayesian design of mosaic-based mode multiplexers for various wavelength bands
Authors: Fujisawa Takeshi , Mitarai Takuya , Okimoto Takuya , Kono Naoya , Fujiwara Naoki , Sato Takanori , Yagi Hideki , Saitoh Kunimasa
Published: July 2023

Ultracompact mode multiplexers based on mosaic structure for various wavelength bands designed by Bayesian technique are investigated. C-, O-, and C + O band, TE0-TE1 2-mode multiplexers can be designed with the same footprint, by only changing the mosaic-pattern, showing the great flexibility of mosaic-based devices. Bayesian direct binary search method is used for the design, and it is demonstrated that the Bayesian technique is superior to conventional design method in terms of the best-structure search for the same number of iterations. The designed devices are fabricated for Si-waveguide platform, and the proof-of-concept results are obtained. These results indicate that the mosaic-based devices are promising candidates for future compact optical transceivers.
Direct generation of a terahertz vector beam from a ZnTe crystal excited by a focused circular polarized pulse
Authors: Iwase Hiroaki , Ohno Seigo
Published: July 2023

A vector beam is a type of topological beam in which the polarization direction of light rotates around a singularity on the wavefront. This paper proposes a method to generate a vector beam by tightly focusing a pump beam in the crystalline direction such that the second-order nonlinear optical effect is forbidden. The directional dependence of the effective nonlinearity in zincblende crystals, such as ZnTe, was analytically investigated. Two types of nonlinear polarization singularities were found in [111] and [100] directions. Their polarization topological charge ℓ was +1 and −1, respectively. To experimentally demonstrate the proposed method, a (111) cut ZnTe crystal was selected as the nonlinear crystal. The polarization state of the generated terahertz (THz) beams was measured with a custom-built THz spectroscopic polarization imaging system. Radially polarized distributions were observed within the entire generated spectral region. Such a broadband feature of the generated vector beam is likely due to the topological nature of the focused pump beam, where the wavevectors are winding once about the optical axis. This simple method for generating THz vector beams will accelerate its applications.
Multimode experimental band dynamics of resonant nanophotonic lattices
Authors: Razmjooei Nasrin , Magnusson Robert
Published: July 2023

Subwavelength resonant lattices provide a host of interesting spectral expressions on broadside illumination. The resonance mechanism is based on generation of lateral Bloch modes phase matched to evanescent diffraction orders. The leaky mode structure and mode count determine the spectra and the number of resonance states. Here, we study band flips and bound-state transitions in guided-mode resonant structures supporting multiple resonant modes. We present theoretical simulations and experimental results for a subwavelength silicon-nitride lattice integrated with a liquid film with adjustable boundary. The relatively thick liquid waveguiding region supports additional modes such that the first four transverse-electric (TE) leaky modes are present and generate observable resonance signatures. By varying the duty cycle of the basic lattice in experiment, the 4 bands undergo band transitions and band closures as quantified herein. The experimental results taken in the 1400-1600 nm spectral region agree reasonably well with numerical analysis.
Wavefront-splitting interferometer based on orbital angular momentum beams
Authors: Yang Dong , Yang Zhongming , Zhang Yanfeng
Published: July 2023

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) interferometers have attracted great attention in metrology. However, OAM interferometers usually have large sizes and are difficult to align. OAM-based wavefront-splitting interferometer (WSI-OAM) can achieve nano-displacement measurement with compact size and easy to align. In this manuscript, we propose and demonstrate a nano-displacement measurement system based on WSI-OAM. A resolution of 0.1 nm with an uncertainty of 0.013 nm is achieved with measurement accuracy higher than 99.87% and linearity close to 99%. This work offers a practical approach to miniaturize and integrate OAM interferometers in metrology.
Indirect reciprocity with stochastic and dual reputation updates
Authors: Murase Yohsuke , Hilbe Christian
Published: July 2023

Cooperation is a crucial aspect of social life, yet understanding the nature of cooperation and how it can be promoted is an ongoing challenge. One mechanism for cooperation is indirect reciprocity. According to this mechanism, individuals cooperate to maintain a good reputation. This idea is embodied in a set of social norms called the “leading eight”. When all information is publicly available, these norms have two major properties. Populations that employ these norms are fully cooperative, and they are stable against invasion by alternative norms. In this paper, we extend the framework of the leading eight in two directions. First, we include norms with ‘dual’ reputation updates. These norms do not only assign new reputations to an acting donor; they also allow to update the reputation of the passive recipient. Second, we allow social norms to be stochastic. Such norms allow individuals to evaluate others with certain probabilities. Using this framework, we characterize all evolutionarily stable norms that lead to full cooperation in the public information regime. When only the donor’s reputation is updated, and all updates are deterministic, we recover the conventional model. In that case, we find two classes of stable norms: the leading eight and the ‘secondary sixteen’. Stochasticity can further help to stabilize cooperation when the benefit of cooperation is comparably small. Moreover, updating the recipients’ reputations can help populations to recover more quickly from errors. Overall, our study highlights a remarkable trade-off between the evolutionary stability of a norm and its robustness with respect to errors. Norms that correct errors quickly require higher benefits of cooperation to be stable.
Study protocol: How does cognitive flexibility relate to other executive functions and learning in healthy young adults?
Authors: Tong Ke , Chan Yuan Ni , Cheng Xiaoqin , Cheon Bobby , Ellefson Michelle , Fauziana Restria , Feng Shengchuang , Fischer Nastassja , Gulyás Balázs , Hoo Natalie , Hung David , Kalaivanan Kastoori , Langley Christelle , Lee Kean Mun , Lee Li Ling , Lee Timothy , Melani Irene , Melia Nadhilla , Pei Jia Ying , Raghani Lisha , Sam Yoke Loo , Seow Peter , Suckling John , Tan Yan Fen , Teo Chew Lee , Uchiyama Ryutaro , Yap Hui Shan , Christopoulos Georgios , Hendriks Henriette , Chen Annabel , Robbins Trevor , Sahakian Barbara , Kourtzi Zoe , Leong Victoria ,   CLIC Phase 1 Consortium
Published: July 2023

Background

Cognitive flexibility (CF) enables individuals to readily shift from one concept or mode of practice/thoughts to another in response to changes in the environment and feedback, making CF vital to optimise success in obtaining goals. However, how CF relates to other executive functions (e.g., working memory, response inhibition), mental abilities (e.g., creativity, literacy, numeracy, intelligence, structure learning), and social factors (e.g., multilingualism, tolerance of uncertainty, perceived social support, social decision-making) is less well understood. The current study aims to (1) establish the construct validity of CF in relation to other executive function skills and intelligence, and (2) elucidate specific relationships between CF, structure learning, creativity, career decision making and planning, and other life skills.

Methods

This study will recruit up to 400 healthy Singaporean young adults (age 18–30) to complete a wide range of cognitive tasks and social questionnaires/tasks. The richness of the task/questionnaire battery and within-participant administration enables us to use computational modelling and structural equation modelling to examine connections between the latent constructs of interest.

Significance and Impact

The current study is the first systematic investigation into the construct validity of CF and its interrelationship with other important cognitive skills such as learning and creativity, within an Asian context. The study will further explore the concept of CF as a non-unitary construct, a novel theoretical proposition in the field. The inclusion of a structure learning paradigm is intended to inform future development of a novel intervention paradigm to enhance CF. Finally, the results of the study will be useful for informing classroom pedagogy and the design of lifelong learning policies and curricula, as part of the wider remit of the Cambridge-NTU Centre for Lifelong Learning and Individualised Cognition (CLIC).
Evaluation of healing progression at surgical incision sites and the use of antiseptics for enhancing post-operative survival in subyearling Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
Authors: Cameron April S. , Rub A. Michelle Wargo , Sandford Benjamin P.
Published: July 2023

In an attempt to develop more effective surgical implantation methods for fish, surgical incisions typical of those made for implanting micro-acoustic transmitters into the peritoneal cavity were evaluated on a weekly basis for healing progression using a suite of metrics. Additionally, four chemicals were evaluated at concentrations commonly used in aquaculture for their ability to prevent surgical site infection and thus to promote incision healing and survival. Chemical treatments included hydrogen peroxide (25, 50, and 100 mg l-1), salt (10 and 30 ppt), Argentyne (1:1, Argentyne:water), and PolyAqua (1/2 tsp 36 l-1). For all study fish, the presence of two intact sutures seven days post-surgery (generally associated with good suturing technique) was negatively correlated with survival. A generalized linear mixed effects model indicated that suture presence, increasing tagging temperature, and the presence of foreign material on sutures decreased survival by 0.56, 0.72 and 0.60 respectively. Conversely, evidence of suture tearing and increasing fork length at tagging increased survival by 0.24 and 0.17. The antiseptic treatments tested promoted neither faster healing of surgical incisions nor higher survival for fish held for 28 days compared to a reference group and two of the chemicals may be contraindicated for prophylactic use at published doses. These findings underscore the need for researchers to adopt a decidedly cautious approach to planning and interpretation of study outcomes that rely on telemetry tagging, carefully considering the study subjects, potential effects of the techniques used, and implications of the environmental conditions experienced.
Key pathological features characterize minimal change disease-like IgA nephropathy
Authors: Wang Tsung-Yueh , Chang Fu-Pang , Yang An-Hang , Ka Shuk-Man , Chen Ann , Hsieh Jyh-Tong , Chen Fan-Yu , Lee Tsung-Lun , Tseng Po-Yu , Tsai Ming-Tsun , Li Szu-Yuan , Yang Chih-Yu , Chen Jinn-Yang , Lin Chih-Ching , Tarng Der-Cherng
Published: July 2023

Aims

A subset of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients exhibiting minimal change disease (MCD) like features present with nephrotic-range proteinuria and warrants immunosuppressive therapy (IST). However, the diagnosis of MCD-like IgAN varied by reports. We aimed to identify the key pathological features of MCD-like IgAN.

Methods

In this cohort, 228 patients had biopsy-proven IgAN from 2009 to 2021, of which 44 without segmental sclerosis were enrolled. Patients were classified into segmental (< 50% glomerular capillary loop involvement) or global (> 50%) foot process effacement (FPE) groups. We further stratified them according to the usage of immunosuppressant therapy after biopsy. Clinical manifestations, treatment response, and renal outcome were compared.

Results

26 cases (59.1%) were classified as segmental FPE group and 18 cases (40.9%) as global FPE group. The global FPE group had more severe proteinuria (11.48 [2.60, 15.29] vs. 0.97 [0.14, 1.67] g/g, p = 0.001) and had a higher proportion of complete remission (81.8% vs. 20%, p = 0.018). In the global FPE group, patients without IST experienced more rapid downward eGFR change than the IST-treated population (-0.38 [-1.24, 0.06] vs. 1.26 [-0.17, 3.20]mL/min/1.73 m2/month, p = 0.004).

Conclusions

The absence of segmental sclerosis and the presence of global FPE are valuable pathological features that assist in identifying MCD-like IgAN.
Making things work–In spite of a pandemic small scale enterprise managers’ approach to business changes and health issues
Authors: Landstad Bodil J. , Hedlund Marianne , Tjulin Åsa , Nordenmark Mikael , Vinberg Stig
Published: July 2023

Background

Covid-19 is one of the worst crises in modern working life with a direct negative impact on many enterprises and organizations. The aim of this study is to explore what managers in Small Scale Enterprises (SSEs) changed in their business during the Covid-19 pandemic, particularly addressing health issues.

Methods

A longitudinal qualitative research methodology was used, interviewing 16 managers of SSEs in the Norwegian and Swedish manufacturing and service sector both before (round 1) and during the pandemic (round 2). In this approach, time is designed into the research process, making change a key focus for analysis.

Results

The analysis resulted in two main themes, resilience and demanding occupational health and safety conditions, and five sub-themes. Results show how managers in SSEs changed their business during the Covid-19 pandemic and the impact of these changes. Although, the enterprises were heavily affected in the beginning of the pandemic, several managers found new solutions for their businesses to maintain and reach new customers. They applied a socially responsible management which addressed different health issues.

Conclusion

Crises like the Covid-19 pandemic will have future impact on SSEs making it important to understand how managers in such enterprises address business and health issues. This knowledge may have practical implications for supporting managers in SSEs in how to perform a socially responsible management and maintain occupational health and safety measures. The managerial implications from this research are that they need to be flexible, reorientable and, at the same time, be loyal to the core business. This study shows the importance of doing longitudinal studies about business and health issues among mangers in SSEs.
Assessment of temporomandibular disorders and their relationship with life quality and salivary biomarkers in patients with dentofacial deformities: A clinical observational study
Authors: Crescente Betina B. , Bisatto Natalia V. , Rübensam Gabriel , Fritscher Guilherme G. , Campos Maria M.
Published: July 2023

A close relationship between dentofacial deformities (DFD) and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) has been suggested, which might impact the quality of life (QoL) and psychological aspects. We evaluated the presence of TMD in DFD patients, correlating these findings with QoL and salivary levels of biochemical markers of pain and psychological disorders. The study enrolled 51 patients, which were distributed into three groups: (i) orthodontic, (ii) TMD, and (iii) DFD. TMD diagnosis was conducted according to Axis I and II of the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD). QoL was evaluated by the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). The salivary levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were determined by ELISA, while glutamate and serotonin amounts were evaluated by mass spectroscopy. DFD individuals had a positive diagnosis for TMD, as indicated by the Axis I (DC/TMD). They exhibited poorer outcomes regarding pain, functional, and psychological dimensions, according to the Axis II DC-TMD. The QoL evaluation demonstrated poorer outcomes for DFD individuals, accompanied by greater IL-1β salivary contents. Notably, glutamate levels had a positive correlation with behavioral parameters in Axis II DC-TMD, with a mild relevance for serotonin. DFD patients display chronic myofascial pain featuring TMD, with altered psychological symptoms and poor QoL, encompassing changes in pain mediators. Data bring new evidence about the relevance of TMD in DFD patients, which likely impacts the QoL and the salivary levels of biochemical markers of functional, painful, and psychological disorders.