bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sources of resistance to black aphid in cowpea varieties used as green grains
Authors: Borges Vinicius , Nere Daniel Rodrigues , Da Silva Leandro Carvalho , Caminha Marília Gomes , Bleicher Ervino , Bertini Cândida Hermínia Campos de Magalhães
Published: July 2020

Evaluation of resistance of Vigna unguiculata L. landraces, used as green beans, to Aphis craccivora Koch was tested. Eleven landraces and standard genotypes were used in a free choice protocol: BR 17-Gurguéia, VITA 7 (susceptible), BRS Guariba and TVu 408P2 (resistant). A completely randomized blocks design was used with six replicates. Seedlings were infested with five six-day-old adult insects. The number of alive adults after 48 h and of alive nymphs after 96 h was evaluated. The results evidenced that there are high genetic diversity among the landraces, the antibiosis as the main mechanism of resistance. By means of multivariate analysis we suggest crosses among the commercial cultivar BRS Guariba and the most dissimilar varieties CCE-088, CCE-075, CCE-013 and CCE-062 to obtain superior hybrids.
The fight against fake online reviews
Authors: Davies Gwendoline
Published: July 2020

The number of reviews is rising exponentially due to the ease of uploading content online. While many are accurate, there are a growing number that are either deliberately misleading or malicious. Gwendoline Davies explores the extent of the problem and how businesses can protect themselves
How to … safely wear personal protective equipment in a care home setting
Authors: Ashurst Adrian
Published: July 2020

Revised COVID-19 guidance for care staff means that, going forward, wearing full personal protective equipment will be the new normal. Residents, too, will have to adjust to this change. Adrian Ashurst offers tips for proper wear and increased uptake
Making practices more sustainable in Scotland
Authors: Dewar Michael
Published: July 2020

The Scottish GMS Contract 2018 and the introduction of government sustainability loans could prompt Scottish GPs to consider converting their practices to limited liability partnerships. The profession south of the border should follow developments with interest
Digital transformation: Starting over
Authors: Sutton Deb , Wadsworth Daniel
Published: July 2020

The NHS has had an unexpected reset with the coronavirus, but is there enough commitment at all levels – political, management and front line – to embed that reset and deliver tangible change?
Common Perceptions of Standard Precautions and Bloodborne Diseases among School Nurse Teachers in Japan
Authors: Koike Yuji , Miyazawa Miho , Hirohara Toshie
Published: July 2020

Objective: To elucidate the common perceptions of standard precautions and bloodborne diseases, as represented by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and C virus (HCV) infections, among school nurse teachers in Japan.
Material and methods: We conducted a questionnaire survey targeting school nurse teachers who were employed at public elementary or junior high schools. The questionnaire had 2 categories: awareness and implementation of standard precautions in the school setting and the other was awareness and provision for bloodborne diseases.
Results: A total of 63 school nurse teachers were enrolled in the study. Almost all (96.8%) the school nurse teachers had sufficient knowledge of standard precautions and bloodborne diseases according to the responses. When attending students with a common cold or gastroenteritis, all respondents washed their hands thoroughly, and most of them (92.3% and 89.7%, respectively) wore a facemask. They wore gloves more frequently when attending students with gastroenteritis than when attending those with a common cold. Thirty-one (49.2%) had examinations for HBV and 21 (33.9%) for HCV. Only 11 respondents (18.3%) received an HBV vaccination.
Discussion: This study shows that the actual usage of measures for infection prevention and control (IPC) remained incomplete, partly because of the insufficient personal protective equipment in the schools. The appropriate implementation of IPC in the school environment should be done as soon as possible. As school nurse teachers continue to address many pathological agents, they should strictly use standard precautions whenever attending to students. Further investigations in these areas are required.
Evaluating Nitrogen Management for Corn Production with Supplemental Irrigation on Sandy Soils of the Southeastern Coastal Plain Region of the U.S.
Authors: Sohoulande Djebou Dagbegnon Clement , Ma Liwang , Szogi Ariel A. , Sigua Gilbert C. , Stone Kenneth C. , Malone Robert W.
Published: July 2020

Highlights

This study addressed the inclusion of field-scale soil variability in nitrogen (N) management for corn production.

RZWQM2 was calibrated for corn yield and N dynamics on four sandy soil series under supplemental irrigation.

Multi-year simulations of corn production under high and low N application rates were analyzed.

Results showed room to reduce N use and N leaching without affecting corn production on Coastal Plain sandy soils.

Abstract.
Nitrogen (N) fertilization contributes significantly to maintain high yields in corn (Zea mays L.) production. In the Southeastern Coastal Plain of the U.S. where soils are sandy with poor water and nutrient holding capacity, a fraction of the N applied to corn fields is often leached from the root zone and becomes unavailable to plants. As these soils belong to various taxonomic classes, research has shown significant corn yield differences among soil series. However, few studies have focused on integrating field-scale soil variability, N leaching, and corn production. To address this knowledge gap, this study used the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM2) to simulate different N management scenarios in corn production for four sandy soil series under supplemental irrigation. The calibrated model was used to simulate nine consecutive years of corn production under four N management scenarios, including two high rates of N application (rate A = 224 kg N ha-1 with 25 kg N ha-1 at preplant; rate A' = 224 kg N ha-1 without preplant N), and two low rates of N application (rate B = 157 kg N ha-1 with 25 kg N ha-1 at preplant; rate B' = 157 kg N ha-1 without preplant N). Simulation results showed that without preplant N application, N leaching was reduced by up to 17% with no significant impact on corn yield, depending on the soil series. Hence, consideration of field-scale soil variability could help improve N management by reducing N use and N leaching without impacting corn production. Keywords: Corn yield components, Growing season, Modeling, Nitrogen dynamics, RZWQM2, Soil variability.
Watt-level diode-pumped thulium lasers around 2.3  µm
Authors: Kifle Esrom , Loiko Pavel , Guillemot Lauren , Doualan Jean-Louis , Starecki Florent , Braud Alain , Georges Thierry , Rouvillain Julien , Camy Patrice
Published: July 2020

We report on efficient diode-pumped mid-infrared lasers based on

T
m

:

L
i
Y
F

4

,

T
m

:

Y

3

A
l

5

O

12

, and

T
m

:

Y
A
l
O

3

crystals. These lasers operate in the continuous-wave (CW) regime and deliver watt-level output power at the wavelengths of 2.2–2.3 µm (the

3

H

4

→

3

H

5

T
m

3
+

transition). In particular, a 1.8 at. %

T
m

:

Y
A
l
O

3

laser pumped at 789 nm generates a maximum CW output power of 1.32 W at 2272–2277 nm with a slope efficiency of 33.1% (with respect to the absorbed pump power), a linear laser polarization (

E
∥
b

), and a fundamental transverse output mode (the measured

M

x
2

=

1.26

,

M

y
2

=

1.68

). In the quasi-CW regime, the output peak power is scaled up to 2.69 W. The pump quantum efficiency and the fractional heat loading are estimated and discussed.
Micro- and nano-fiber probes for optical sensing, imaging, and stimulation in biomedical applications
Authors: Yu Xia , Zhang Shuyan , Olivo Malini , Li Nanxi
Published: July 2020

The flexibile nature of optical fiber enables it to offer remote-access capabilities, which could be used in many biomedical applications. This review focuses on different micro- and nano-structured fiber probes for applications in biosensing, imaging, and stimulations. The modifications to fiber could extend design freedom from waveguide optimization to functional material integration. Fiber probes with optimized waveguide structures or integrated functional materials could achieve enhanced optical mode interaction with biosamples, and hence obtain ultrasensitive biosensors with a remarkably low limit of detection. Furthermore, bioimaging with a high spatial resolution can be obtained by engineering dispersion and nonlinearity of light propagation in the fiber core or designing a metal-coated tapered fiber tip with a sub-wavelength aperture. Flat metasurfaces can be assembled on a fiber tip to achieve a large depth of focus and remove aberrations. Fiber is also a compact solution to realize the precise delivery of light for in vivo applications, such as deep brain stimulation. The optical beam size, shape, and direction could be steered by the probe parameters. Micro- and nano-technologies integrated with fiber contribute to various approaches to further improve detection limit, sensitivity, optical resolution, imaging depth, and stimulation precision.
The Tweed Run meets Harris Tweed: Stories of a fashionable cycling experience
Authors: Glover Catherine
Published: July 2020

This article explores the relationship between the cloth Harris Tweed and the cycling event, the Tweed Run. It focuses on extrapolating stories as lived and told of those participating in the event, to examine how material objects can lend agency to a fashionable cycling experience. Narrative inquiry methodology is used to explore how a subject emotionally connects with their personal possessions as revealed through storytelling. The aim is to create a new sense of meaning and significance within the research topic, rather than focusing on establishing a grand narrative. It brings specific understandings to how objects can be related to and used by individuals to become symbolic and aesthetic ‘thirds’. This study posits that it is the participatory collective nature and transformative space of events such as the Tweed Run that provide an opportunity for individuals to interact with their material objects, in a manner that supports their transformation to symbolic or aesthetic thirds and initiates satisfactory (life) stories that can advance living action.
Joe Lampton’s north–south divide: Remembering place and space in Man at the Top (1970–72)
Authors: Kiszely Philip
Published: July 2020

This article considers the depiction of region and materiality in Thames Television’s Man at the Top (1970–72). Dealing with the present by looking to the past, the series critiques the architectural reconstruction that changed the face of the country during the post-war years and beyond. This transformation is seen through the jaundiced eye of series protagonist Joe Lampton, a 1950s anti-hero recycled for a more uncertain age. He finds himself caught between the pull of tradition and the push for progress – forces aligned respectively with the industrial North (his native Yorkshire) and the cosmopolitan South (his contemporaneous London-based life). Why, in the broader context of the early 1970s, must Lampton’s North be identified with the past? How does materiality work to frame remembrance? The article responds to these questions by mapping the series, along with television culture more generally, onto its socio-political moment. It arrives at conclusions via a constructionist analysis that draws on ‘New Left’ inflected discourses, on the one hand, and philosophies relating to collective memory and materiality on the other.
From ‘Redakteursfernsehen’ to ‘showrunners’: Commissioning editors and changing project networks in TV fiction from Germany
Authors: Krauß Florian
Published: July 2020

The Redakteur, the commissioning editor in TV fiction, has frequently been criticized in current public and industry-internal discourse on ‘quality’ series and the supposed lack of them in Germany. This article takes a closer look at this hardly examined but very important actor in German television. Based on expert interviews, it discusses how this profession is negotiated within the industry and how its role is changing in light of the broader transformation and transnationalization of the TV industry in Germany. Shifts in fictional content and its distribution have led to fundamental changes in the work of editors and their involvement in collaborative project networks. For example, the demand for ‘quality’ serials, ideally distributed in different countries, is accompanied by the adoption of writers’ room and showrunner models. Hence, the relationship between editor and screenwriter is transforming, too. The previous cooperation between editor and producer is also ripe for discussion, as signs point to a move away from 100 per cent financing by broadcasters, which was the rule in German television fiction for a long time. New financing models are negotiated in conjunction with online distribution, which fundamentally restructures the editor’s role. However, so far, linear broadcasting slots still form a central basis of editors’ work.
Orphan Black: Performance, Gender, Biopolitics, Andrea Goulet and Robert A. Rushing (eds) (2018)
Authors: Belton Olivia
Published: July 2020

Review of: Orphan Black: Performance, Gender, Biopolitics, Andrea Goulet and Robert A. Rushing (eds) (2018)

Bristol: Intellect, 227 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-78320-922-4, p/bk, £22
Cancer-Associated Mutations in Normal Colorectal Mucosa Adjacent to Sporadic Neoplasia
Authors: Zhan Tianzuo , Belle Sebastian , Valentini Erica , Herrmann Simon , Miersch Thilo , Li Moying , Gaiser Timo , Boutros Michael , Ebert Matthias P. , Betge Johannes
Published: July 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Colorectal cancer arises in a multistep process of carcinogenesis from normal mucosa. The earliest precursor might be a morphologically inconspicuous precancerous field, harboring cancer-associated mutations.

METHODS:

We systematically analyzed genetic alterations in 77 tissue samples from 30 patients with sporadic colorectal neoplasms (18 large adenomas and 12 adenocarcinomas) and matched adjacent normal mucosa (N = 30), as well as normal rectal tissue (N = 17). We profiled mutations associated with colorectal cancer by targeted sequencing of 46 genetic loci using 157 custom amplicons and a median depth of 42,655 reads per loci.

RESULTS:

Multiple mutations were found in colorectal neoplasms, most frequently in APC, KRAS, and TP53. In a subgroup of 11 of 30 patients, alterations were also detected in non-neoplastic mucosa. These mutations were divergent from those in matched neoplasms. The total alteration count and the allele frequency of mutations were higher in neoplasms compared with those in adjacent tissues. We found that younger patients (≤70 years) are less likely affected by mutations in non-neoplastic mucosa than older patients (>70 years, P = 0.013), although no association was found for other variables, including type, location and differentiation of neoplasia, and previous history of polyps.

DISCUSSION:

Our data show that cancer-associated mutations can be found in non-neoplastic tissues in a subgroup of patients with colorectal neoplasms. Further studies are needed to specify the risk of occurrence and recurrence of neoplasia in this patient population.
Application of Inherent Risk of Contagion (IRC) framework and modelling to aid local Covid-19 response and mitigation
Authors: Zakariah Helmi , bt Kamaluddin Fadzilah , Ting Choo-Yee , Yee Hui-Jia , Allaham Shereen , Manikam Logan
Published: July 2020

The current outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 represents a major global public health problem threatening many countries and territories. Mathematical modelling is one of the non-pharmaceutical public health measures that has the potential to play a crucial role for mitigating the risk and impact of the pandemic. A group of researchers and epidemiologists have developed a machine learning-powered inherent risk of contagion (IRC) analytical framework that, through the geo-referencing of COVID-19 cases in a particular region, is able to provide support to operational platforms from which response and mitigation activities can be planned and executed. This framework dataset provides a coherent picture to track and predict the COVID-19 epidemic post lockdown by piecing together preliminary data on publicly available health statistic metrics alongside the area of reported cases, drivers, vulnerable population, and number of premises that are suspected to become a transmission area between drivers and vulnerable population. The main aim of this new analytical framework is to measure the IRC and provide georeferenced data to protect the health system, aid contact tracing, and prioritise the vulnerable.
Determinant Factors on Indonesia Economic Growth
Authors: Adityara Revan
Published: July 2020

Indonesia's economic growth has not been able to become an accelerator of efforts to overcome unemployment and poverty. Indonesia's economic growth is still too small even since 2011-2015 tends to experience a significant decline. Analysis of the factors that influence economic growth can be approached through two sides, namely from the supply side (supply-side economics) and the demand side (demand-side economics). This research was conducted with two approaches, namely from the supply side, by looking at the impact of capital accumulation. The data analysis method used in this research is multiple linear regression using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) model, which was previously performed first using the classic assumption test to ensure that the model used meets normality assumptions and does not contain multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and serial correlation so meet the Best Linear Unbiase Estimate (BLUE) assumption.. This finding is in line with economic theory, both based on the aggregate supply side, and the aggregate demand side
Relationship Between Eco-Efficiency on Firm Value Moderated with Profitability and Leverage
Authors: Satrio Danang , Kunto Setiawan
Published: July 2020

A large number of potential investors begin to consider the idea of responsible investment social responsibility. However, the debate over whether the value should be added as an environmental consideration for the stock selection process is still being debated. This study tries to improve the efficiency, profitability and leverage hypothesis of firm value. The sample used was 81 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and sent in 2014-2018 and using the rupiah. The data analysis tool used in this study is multiple linear regression estimated with OLS (Ordinary Least Square). The collected data is then processed and tested using SPSS 22 software. Based on the results of research analyzing the effect of eco-efficiency on firm value with profitability and leverage on the manufacturing industry listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2012 to 2016, it can be concluded that there is a significant positive effect between eco-efficiency on firm value.
Credit Risk Management in Financial Institution: Comparative Study in Islamic and Conventional Banking
Authors: Pambekti Galuh Tri
Published: July 2020

Credit and financing problems at conventional banks and Islamic banks are related to how businesses that have been financed by banks can be run, whether the loan recipient has actually run the business as stated in the contract or the business manager has been denied. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in Non-Performing Loans in conventional banks and Non-Performing Financing of Islamic banks. Hypothesis testing techniques in this study used the first two choices of independent sample t-test if the data were normally distributed so the classical assumptions were tested first to ensure that the data used by researchers had a normal distribution and if the data were not normally distributed will use the Mann Whitney test to test the difference between Non Performing Loans and Non Performing Financing in Islamic commercial banks and conventional banks.. So the results of this study indicate that there are differences between PT. Bank Mandiri and NPF of PT Bank Syariah Mandiri, or it can be said there is a difference between ratios that indicate the ability of bank management in managing loans or financing problems provided by PT. Bank Mandiri and PT Bank Syariah Mandiri.
Ein Netzwerk für die Biodiversität in Österreich: Inter- und transdisziplinäres Netzwerk zu Biodiversität & Ökosystemleistungen
Authors: Höltl Andrea , Steiner Gerald , Lumetsberger Tanja , Weinhäupl Heidemarie , Greilhuber Irmgard , Wrbka Thomas , Vadrot Alice , Essl Franz , Tribsch Andreas , Sturmbauer Christian , Gratzer Georg
Published: July 2020

Vor dem Hintergrund des alarmierend schlechten Zustands der Biodiversität bildete sich das Netzwerk Biodiversität Österreich. Aus dieser Initiative heraus schlossen sich Expert(inn)en und Wissenschaftler(innen) zu einem fachübergreifenden, transdisziplinären
und unabhängigen Österreichischen Biodiversitätsrat zusammen. Ziel des Netzwerks ebenso wie des Biodiversitätsrats ist es, der biologischen Vielfalt eine starke Stimme zu geben und das Zusammenspiel von Wissenschaft und Praxis in diesem Bereich zu intensivieren.
Digitalisierung und Nachhaltigkeit: humanökologische Aspekte
Authors: Tretter Felix , Reichel Christian , Gaugler Tobias
Published: July 2020

Die virtuelle Tagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Humanökologie sondierte Vorteile und Nachteile der digitalen Technologien für die nachhaltige Entwicklung. Als Basis diente das aktuelle Gutachten des Wissenschaftlichen Beirats der Bundesregierung Globale Umweltveränderungen
zur digitalen Zukunft ‐ allerdings unter Berücksichtigung des rapiden Digitalisierungsschubs durch die Corona-Krise. Die Themen reichten von der Ökologie der Digitalisierung bis zu Mensch und Menschenbild als neue Ontologie durch Daten.1
Näher, öffentlicher, agiler: Bausteine einer resilienten Post-Corona-Stadt
Authors: Schneidewind Uwe , Baedeker Carolin , Bierwirth Anja , Caplan Anne , Haake Hans
Published: July 2020

Die Corona-Pandemie führt uns vor Augen, wie wichtig das unmittelbare Wohnumfeld ist. Den kommunalen Zusammenhalt und lokale Infrastrukturen zu stärken, macht unsere Städte krisenfester und nachhaltiger ‐ auch für notwendige Transformationen im Zuge des Klimawandels.
Converging infrastructures
Authors: Büscher Christian , Ornetzeder Michael , Droste-Franke Bert
Published: July 2020

Converging infrastructures illustrate the complexity of the processes involved in both operational sector coupling and socio-technical sector integration. What consequences of this development can technology impact research estimate today and what difficulties will arise in doing so? This article introduces the TATuP special topic as well as the individual contributions and also addresses socio-political aspects, beyond the usual questions of technical feasibility and efficiency: What strategies are developed to initiate and control comprehensive change? What are the mechanisms to maintain the ability to act despite great uncertainties for all those concerned with future converging infrastructures for energy, transport, and heating/cooling. The interdisciplinary approach to the topic focuses on three central “socio-technical problems” and gives a first insight into the conditions under which converging infrastructures emerge and what consequences these processes might have.
Sector coupling of renewable energy in an experimental setting
Authors: Ornetzeder Michael , Sinozic Tanja
Published: July 2020

The integration of previously unconnected sectors of the energy system is considered one of the most important strategies for reducing CO2 emissions. Many studies on technological innovations that deal with the transition to a sustainable energy system focus on innovation niches as a favorable environment within which new solutions can be tested and made ready for the market. This paper examines how protection in such a niche, in combination with organizational path dependency, supports the integration of renewable energy in residential buildings. The results presented are based on a case study on the integration of the electricity, heat, and gas sectors in a housing pilot project, in which local energy needs are met and electricity is fed into the grid in a flexible way. Our findings indicate that favorable conditions for inter-sectoral innovation can be achieved through niche protection, complemented by path dependency in organizational routines and culture.
The Images of Blackness: Savages, Workers and the Emergence of the Counter-imagination in Germany (1884-1925)
Authors: Więckiewicz Agnieszka
Published: July 2020

The author interprets the figures of European workers and colonized Africans presented as slaves of capitalism and imperialism, the image that circulated in the social and cultural imagination in Germany after the Berlin Conference (1884-1885). The aim of the article is to introduce the concept of “counterimagination” and show how the image of the rabble became juxtaposed with a visualization of the black slave. The author argues that both figures were considered to be a real threat to the German social order and to German Kultur, and concentrates on the popular images of the “other” circulating in the German visual culture after 1880. The first part of the article is devoted to the aesthetics of the weekly satirical magazine Simplicissimus founded in April 1896. In the second part, the aggressive propaganda campaign against the Occupation of the Rhineland by French colonial troops is discussed. The author describes the mechanisms of envisioning black soldiers and points out the anticolonial reactions to the “Black Shame” campaign.
The Influence of Biological Maturity and Competitive Level on Isometric Force-Time Curve Variables and Vaulting Performance in Young Female Gymnasts
Authors: Moeskops Sylvia , Oliver Jon L. , Read Paul J. , Cronin John B. , Myer Gregory D. , Haff G. Gregory , Lloyd Rhodri S.
Published: July 2020

Moeskops, S, Oliver, JL, Read, PJ, Cronin, JB, Myer, GD, Haff, GG, and Lloyd, RS. The influence of biological maturity and competitive level on isometric force-time curve variables and vaulting performance in young female gymnasts. J Strength Cond Res 34(8): 2136–2145, 2020—This cross-sectional study investigated isometric force-time curve variables and vaulting performance in young female gymnasts of varying maturity and competitive levels. One hundred twenty gymnasts aged 5–14 years were subdivided into maturity groupings and also according to their competitive level. Subjects performed isometric midthigh pulls (IMTP) before completing straight jump vaults that were recorded using two-dimensional video. All significance values were accepted at p < 0.05. Absolute peak force (PF abs) and force at various time epochs were significantly greater in more mature gymnasts, although no significant differences were observed in relative peak force (PF rel). When grouped by competitive level, elite gymnasts produced a significantly greater absolute rate of force development (RFD abs) at 0–150, 0–200, and 0–250 ms as well as relative RFD (RFD rel) at 0–200 and 0–250 ms than recreational gymnasts. Based upon regression analyses, force at 50 ms during the IMTP test explained 15% of vertical takeoff velocity during vaulting. Biological maturation seems to impact isometric force-time curve characteristics in young female gymnasts, and higher-level gymnasts produce greater RFD than those competing at a lower level. Vaulting vertical takeoff velocity seems to be largely independent of isometric force-time characteristics with only a small amount of variance explained by force at 50 ms.
The Organization of Trade in Nemunas from the Riverhead ports of the Radziwiłł and Sapieha families in the 1760s and 1770s
Authors: Sakalauskas Darius , Poška Aivaras
Published: July 2020

This study concerns the transportation of goods and raw materials through the Nemunas River to the Baltic Sea ports in the second half of the 18th century. The main goal of this paper is to analyse how two different methods of goods transportation (shipment of goods by river vessels and by timber rafts) were organized and to determine how their economic models functioned in practice. This research relies on the data of Income-Expenditure registers of timber rafting from Radziwiłł (Świerżeń Nowy) and goods transportation from Sapieha family (Ruzhany and Derechin) estates in current-day Belarus. The analysis showed that the Sapieha family’s highest share of revenue derived mostly from the exportation of grown raw materials, mostly rye. Salt, wine, beer, various types of metal alloys, etc. were bought in exchange. Part of the revenue was used to cover debts, thus the generated income of the voyage did not reach the treasury of the Sapieha family. The analysis of timber-rafting income-expenditure showed that the timber was drifted to the town of Rusnė, near the Nemunas river delta, or to the city of Königsberg. The sources failed to show the full extent of timber trade generated revenue due to the specifics of its trade, however, the analysis showed that the biggest part of expenditures (about 90–95 percent) went on the hiring of employees and on timber preparation and it’s transportation to the river ports. This article also uncovers the different aspects of how these different kinds of trade voyages were organized and how the river trade-related infrastructure operated that supplements our understanding of the Nemunas river role in the economy of Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the second half of 18th century.
Análisis cultural y lingüístico de algunas particularidades de los sistemas alimentarios de Francia y Colombia
Authors: Serrano Carranza Olga Rocío
Published: July 2020

Este artículo expone un estudio comparativo sobre la temática de la alimentación. Se enmarca dentro del proyecto Dico Culturel, que propone un modelo de diccionario francés-español de Colombia. En primer lugar, reflexionamos sobre conceptos clave de los sistemas alimentarios. Luego, por medio de la consulta de las fuentes bibliográficas, seleccionamos una muestra de palabras francesas y examinamos las informaciones lingüísticas y culturales asociadas, estableciendo paralelos con el español de Colombia y su cultura. Concluimos resaltando cómo, mediante el análisis textual, es posible encontrar informaciones de interés para la concepción del prototipo de diccionario cultural.
PENGARUH PERBEDAAAN KONSENTRASI GARAM TERHADAP KOMPOSISI PROKSIMAT IKAN BIANG (Ilisha elongata) ASIN KERING
Authors: Azka Aulia , Ratrinia Putri Wening , Hasibuan Nirmala Efri , Harahap Kurnia Sada
Published: July 2020

Ikan biang (Ilisha elongata) memiliki nilai konsumsi yang tinggi di Provinsi Riau. Di Indonesiaikan biang biasanya diolah menjadi ikan asin agar tahan lama. Metode penggaraman yang dilakukan adalahpenggaraman kering dengan kadar garam 5%, 10% dan 15% (b/b). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalahmenentukan komposisi proksimat ikan biang asin kering dengan perbedaan konsentrasi garam.Pengujiandilakukan di Politeknik Kelautan dan Perikanan Dumai, Laboratorium karakteristik bahan baku hasilperikanan THP IPB dan Laboratorium Kimia Terpadu IPB. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar air ikan biangasin kering berkisar 14.09% - 18,71%. kadar abu berkisar 22.20% - 24.02%, kadar protein sebesar 46.68% -49.08%, lemak sebesar 4.52% - 5.77%, dan karbohidrat 6.07% - 9.55%. Hasil penelitian memberikaninformasi bahwa perbedaan konsentrasi garam berpengaruh terhadap komposisi proksimat ikan biang asinkering.
PENGARUH PERBEDAAN KONSENTRASI GARAM TERHADAP KOMPOSISI PROKSIMAT PADA IKAN LOMEK (Harpodon neherus) ASIN KERING
Authors: Ratrinia Putri Wening , Azka Aulia , Hasibuan Nirmala Efri , Suryono Muh
Published: July 2020

Ikan lomek (Harpodon neherus) merupakan salah satu jenis ikan yang banyak dikonsumsioleh masyarakat Riau dalam kondisi segar maupun diolah dengan penggaraman dan pengeringan.Permasalahan pada produk ikan lomek asin di pasaran adalah belum diketahuinya kadar proksimat,yang merupakan salah satu parameter penting dalam penentuan mutu produk perikanan. Tujuan daripenelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi garam terhadap kandungan proksimatpada ikan lomek asin. Penelitian dilakukan preparasi bahan baku dan pembuatan ikan asinmenggunakan metode penggaraman kering dengan konsentrasi garam 5%, 10% dan 15%.Penambahan konsentrasi garam 10% merupakan perlakuan dengan hasil komposisi proksimat terbaikyaitu kadar air 15,4%, kadar abu 23,66%, kadar protein 50,64%, kadar lemak 3,7%, dan karbohidrat6,6%. Penambahan garam dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda berpengaruh terhadap komposisiproksimat ikan lomek asin kering, yang meliputi kadar air, kadar abu, kadar protein, kadar lemak, dankadar karbohidrat.
Tasting fire
Authors: Kueny Kathryn
Published: July 2020

Several Qur’anic passages suggest humans will experience God’s punishments through their sense of ‘taste.’ While the Qur’an conveys some of the ways that taste functions and relays knowledge in both earthly and paradisiacal realms, it is in the context of punishment that taste delivers the divine message more forcefully and directly than the other senses. The responses sparked by the horror of God’s pressing abhorrent flavors on one’s tongue, and down one’s throat, prompted the most strident disbeliever to cultivate a more righteous and receptive character, so that s/he may ‘taste mercy
Analisis Peran Modal Sosial Badan Usaha Milik Desa (Bum Desa) terhadap Pengentasan Kemiskinan
Authors: Kafabih Abdullah
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana peran modal sosial Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUM Desa). Serta untuk mengetahui sejauh mana peran modal sosial BUM Desa dalam menanggulangi kemiskinan. Penelitian ini menggunakan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan dan manajemen BUMDes dilandasi Undang-Undang No. 6 Tahun 2014, yakni melayani kebutuhan ekonomi dan/atau pelayanan umum masyarakat. Salah faktor yang menyebabkan ketimpangan dan kemiskinan di desa yakni terjadinya eksploitasi berlebihan (massive backwash effect) dari desa ke kota, yang berdampak pada peningkatan jumlah kemiskinan. BUM Desa dibangun atas prakarsa (inisiasi masyarakat), serta berdasarkan pada prinsip-prinsip kooperatif, partisipatif dan emansipatif, dengan dua prinsip yang mendasari, yaitu member base dan self help yang merupakan bagian dari modal sosial.  Hasil dari penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan BUMDes mendukung usaha kelompok tani dalam penyediaan kebutuhan pertanian, pengelolaan air bersih dan meningkatkan pendapatan Desa.
Neoliberalismo y sus implicaciones en la inestabilidad laboral en la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica
Authors: Bastos Laura Pamela Solís , Rodríguez Soto Maritza
Published: July 2020

El neoliberalismo ha alcanzado el ámbito educativo universitario en la región latinoamericana, mercantilizando la educación y, por consiguiente, sus estructuras; lo que se refleja en las condiciones laborales de las personas que trabajan en las instituciones de educación superior, independientemente de que éstas sean públicas o privadas. La condición laboral de inestabilidad, en la mayoría de los casos, genera formas de flexibilidad y precariedad laboral, lo cual impera en el modelo de desarrollo neoliberal. Así, el objetivo de la investigación consistió en conocer las condiciones laborales de una población, académica y administrativa, contratada de forma temporal de las Facultades de Ciencias Sociales y Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica (UNA). Como metodología se acogió el enfoque cualitativo, de tipo exploratorio. La muestra estuvo conformada por un grupo de personas trabajadoras de las facultades mencionadas, seleccionadas mediante un procedimiento aleatorio simple, con quienes se realizaron ocho entrevistas semiestructuradas. Como resultados se obtuvieron perfiles de la población trabajadora, en el que se incluyen características asociadas a su trayectoria laboral y sus percepciones respecto a las implicaciones de la inestabilidad laboral, expectativas futuras vinculadas a su continuidad o permanencia laboral en la universidad y su realidad familiar, entre otros. Se concluye que la contratación temporal es un problema que se asocia a lógicas del desarrollo económico y político del país, que dificulta una proyección futura en tanto afecta a las instituciones educativas superiores como a su personal.
La innovación comercial como factor de influencia en las potencialidades de la provincia del Carchi
Authors: Pérez Quiroz Roberth Patricio , García Revelo Luis Ramiro
Published: July 2020

La visión tradicional sobre el desarrollo económico, se ha enmarcado, generalmente, en la atracción y disponibilidad de recursos financieros. Si bien, es importante esta consideración desde una óptica de desarrollo, no es suficiente para garantizar dicho desarrollo económico. El destino de los recursos económicos hacia la actividad productiva, depende de factores como la capacidad de introducir nuevas tecnologías, nuevos métodos de gestión, innovadoras acciones sociales e institucionales, como, también, la conformación de redes productivas y de desarrollo. Desde esta perspectiva global, el objetivo de la investigación, consistió en analizar la visión del desarrollo económico local, desde el criterio de los diferentes actores sociales de la Provincia del Carchi (Ecuador). Para esto, se acogió una metodología con enfoque mixto (cualitativo y cuantitativo); se utilizó como técnica de recopilación, un cuestionario diseñado con información bibliográfica. La muestra se escogió a conveniencia, conformada con 12 empresarios, 12 comerciantes, 6 inversionistas, 12 emprendedores y 6 personas de gremios. Algunos resultados se presentan en diversas correlaciones, a fin de identificar las iniciativas de desarrollo económico comercial y empresarial, de innovación tecnológica y de recursos humanos. Como conclusión relevante se tiene que lo importante de la evolución comercial de la zona de estudio, es la capacidad emprendedora de los microempresarios y la relación con los procesos de innovación empresarial, lo que permite la formación de capacidades, habilidades de gestión comercial, administrativa y productiva.
Alternativas económicas que permitan la conservación del ambiente para los habitantes del Corregimiento de El Encano
Authors: Bastidas Ernesto Javier
Published: July 2020

El artículo tiene como propósito presentar las posibles alternativas económicas que se podrían adoptar por parte de las personas dedicadas a la explotación de carbón vegetal en el Corregimiento de El Encano (Municipio de Pasto).  El estudio se abordó desde el enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo.  Con base en una población de 139 personas, se estableció una muestra representativa de 54 habitantes que ejercen la actividad carbonífera, y se obtuvo información mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario, e igual con la observación de las actividades económicas en los diferentes lugares donde habitan.   Se pudo conocer, también, que existen otras alternativas como la agro-industrialización y comercialización de plantas aromáticas, cría de especies menores y el turismo rural y agroturismo, que mejorarían la calidad de vida de las personas que trabajan con el carbón, no sólo por los ingresos económicos sino, también, por el cuidado y protección del ambiente, con aprovechamiento de la riqueza paisajística y gastronómica de la región.  A pesar de la importancia ambiental y de los esfuerzos gubernamentales, se puede concluir que la comunidad aún continúa con la deforestación, tanto para la producción de carbón vegetal como también para la obtención de leña y la utilización de terrenos para ganadería y cultivos de papa, poniendo en peligro el equilibrio natural del ambiente, la poca retención de agua y la belleza paisajística.  No obstante, el cultivo de plantas aromáticas es viable, ya que el clima es óptimo, la tierra es apta, los habitantes conocen el proceso, que de forma mínima requiere agroquímicos y que, cultivados con buenas prácticas agrícolas, generan apertura de mercados.
Propuesta de cambios curriculares: eje transversal interacción con el sector productivo
Authors: Sarralde Pereira Mónica Isabel
Published: July 2020

El artículo aborda como tema, la interacción con el sector productivo, concebida desde las expectativas de empresarios docentes y estudiantes del Programa de pregrado de Administración de Empresas de la Universidad de Nariño, al tomar como referencia la concepción de algunos autores y las experiencias de universidades nacionales y extranjeras.  Se trabajó a partir del paradigma cualitativo y orientado por el enfoque hermenéutico, se agregó la muestra estudiantes y empresarios.  Se realizó un análisis de la situación actual de dicho Programa, indagando las necesidades  de los participantes en cuanto a su relación con el sector productivo.  En los resultados, los sujetos de investigación evidenciaron que es importante fortalecer las relaciones del Programa con  el sector productivo, al manifestar  interés en que la práctica sea formalizada con las obligaciones de ley, se tenga en cuenta otras alternativas de interacción con el sector mencionado, con la pretensión de que éstas se inicien desde los primeros semestres, a partir de las asignaturas prácticas del Plan de estudios.  Se obtuvo como resultados, que al momento de la realización de la práctica en algunos países, está estipulado que sea en los primeros semestres, cuando el estudiante selecciona la asignatura práctica según su dominio, constituyéndose en el objetivo del currículo práctico.  Así, se elaboró un micro-currículo para la malla, que posibilite a los estudiantes  su  interacción con el sector productivo desde los primeros semestres; esta medida lograría un aporte social, al generar  una formación ejecutiva, como también el desarrollo de unas competencias empresariales teoría-técnica.
A review of the use of technology for pedagogical purposes by students in clinical placement
Authors: Gray James , Gillgrass Kirsty
Published: July 2020

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Purpose: Technology is now ubiquitous and with a wide range of clinical and pedagogical applications. This study sought to assess students' use of technology on clinical placement to facilitate supporting its use. Method: A questionnaire based review asking questions of medical, and physician associate, students at the University of Sheffield. Results: All responding students had smartphones and utilised technology. The sites and apps used were a wider range than we were aware of raising questions of how we support students if we are ignorant of their preferred sources. There were both positive and negative perceptions of the use of mobile technology by supervisors despite the known widespread use of technology by healthcare professionals. Conclusion: Barriers still exist to the use of the available technologies, in particular supervisor and patient perceptions, which need to be overcome to realise the full potential of technology with some key steps that can be taken to help do this.
Konut Fiyatlarının Parasal Aktarım Mekanizmasındaki Rolü
Authors: BAYIR Musa
Published: July 2020

Konut piyasalarının 2008 finansal krizine giden süreçte önemli bir rolü bulunmaktadır. Konut piyasalarındaki olumsuzluklar ise para politikasındaki daralmayla başlamıştır. Bu gelişmeler para politikası, konut piyasaları ve reel sektör arasındaki ilişkinin önemini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Ayrıca, konut fiyatlarının parasal aktarımdaki rolü sorgulanmaya başlamıştır. Bu bağlamda, makale konut fiyatlarının Türkiye ekonomisinde parasal aktarım mekanizmasındaki rolünü ampirik olarak incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın analiz yöntemi Yapısal VAR’dır. Analiz dönemi 2011:1-2019:4 şeklindedir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, para politikası konut fiyatlarını etkilemektedir. Ancak, konut fiyatlarının tüketim ve konut yatırımları üzerinde bir etkisi yoktur. Bu iki durum birlikte değerlendirildiğinde, konut fiyatlarının parasal aktarım mekanizmasında rolü bulunmamaktadır. Diğer taraftan, analizler Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası’nın konut fiyatlarını yakından takip ettiğini göstermektedir. Bu çerçevede, uygun politika tepkisini hızla vermektedir.
Ardyanmalı bir turbofan motorunun çok amaçlı parçacık sürü yöntemiyle optimizasyonu
Authors: TURAN Onder , ORUÇ Rıdvan , BAKLACİOGLU Tolga
Published: July 2020

Bu çalışmada, matlab programı kullanılarak karışık akımlı ve ardyanmalı kavramsal turbofan motorunun parametrik analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bypass oranı (α) ve fan sıkıştırma oranının (πc') sırasıyla 0,4≤ α ≤1,3 ve 1,2≤ πc' ≤2,1 olduğu değer aralığında motor performans parametreleri olan itki özgül yakıt tüketimi (SFC), özgül itki (ST) ve toplam verim (no) amaç fonksiyonları, hem ardyanmalı hem de ardyanmasız durum için optimize edilmiştir. Analiz için kavramsal bir turbofan motor kullanılmıştır. Optimizasyon yöntemi olarak parçacık sürü optimizasyonu (PSO) ve çok amaçlı parçacık sürü optimizasyonu (MOPSO) kullanılmıştır. Literatürde bu konuda MOPSO ile herhangi bir çalışma olmadığından bu çalışma, turbofan motorunun parametrik analizinde MOPSO yönteminin kullanıldığı ilk çalışmadır. Ardyanmalı durumda SFC, ST ve no için optimum değerler  α ve πc' nün sırasıyla 0,4 ve 1,2 olduğu değerlerde sırasıyla 52,4025, 1013,3 ve % 21,13 olarak bulunmuştur.  Ardyanmasız durumda SFC, ST ve no için optimum değerler sırasıyla 20,8887, 658,3483 ve % 30,1234 olarak bulunmuştur. Ardyanmasız durumda SFC, ST ve no için optimum değerleri sağlayan α ve πc' ikilileri sırasıyla (1,3 ile 1,2), (0,4 ile 1,2) ve (1,3 ile 1,2) olarak bulunmuştur.
Duygu analizi için n-aşamalı Gizli Dirichlet Ayırımı ile diğer konu modelleme yöntemlerinin karşılaştırılması
Authors: GÜVEN Zekeriya Anıl , DİRİ Banu , ÇAKALOĞLU Tolgahan
Published: July 2020

Sosyal medyada
yer alan paylaşımlara ait duyguları anlamak, insanların düşüncelerini öğrenmede
kilit bir rol almaktadır. Gelişen teknoloji ile insanın duygusunu bilmek,
çeşitli alanlarda yarar sağlamaktadır. Örneğin medya, pazarlama ve reklam gibi
alanlar insanların kullanımlarına ve fikrine özgü içerikleri kullanıcıya
yansıtabilme imkanı tanımaktadır. Çalışmamızda konu modelleme algoritmalarından
Gizli Dirichlet Ayırımı (GDA), Gizli Anlamsal Analiz (GAA) ve Olasılıksal-Gizli
Anlamsal Analiz (O-GAA) Türkçe tivitlerden kişilerin duygularını belirlemede
kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca, GDA algoritmasının geliştirilen n-aşamalı halinin duygu
analizindeki başarısı mevcut yöntemlerle de karşılaştırılmıştır. Kullanılan
veri seti kızgın, korku, mutlu, üzgün ve şaşkın olmak üzere 5 farklı duyguya
ait 4000 tivitten oluşmaktadır. Tüm konu modelleme yöntemleri 3 ve 5 sınıflı
veri seti için modellenerek başarıları ve çalışma süreleri ölçülmüştür.
Geliştirilen n-aşamalı GDA yönteminin, GDA ve O-GAA’ya göre çalışma süresi ve
performansı açısından başarı sağladığı gözlemlenmiştir. En başarılı ve en hızlı
modellenen yöntem ise GAA olmuştur.
İndüksiyon ön ısıtmalı bir elektromanyetik darbe şekillendirme sisteminin deneysel analizi
Authors: BARANOĞLU Besim , ÖZBEK Mehmet Efe , AYDIN Elif
Published: July 2020

Elektromanyetik şekillendirme, özellikle sac metal ya da boru malzemelerin şekillendirilmesinde kullanılan yüksek hızlı bir şekillendirme teknolojisidir. İndüksiyon ısıtma teknolojisi günümüzde verimlilik, hızlı ısıtma, emniyet, temizlik ve doğru kontrol avantajlarıyla birçok endüstriyel, evsel ve tıbbi uygulamada tercih edilen ısıtma teknolojisidir.  Bu çalışmada, elektromanyetik alan kullanılarak, sac malzemelerin şekillendirilmesi için bir sistemin tasarımı yapılmış ve bu sistem oluşturularak etkinliği değerlendirilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, sac malzemelerin şekillendirilebilirliğinin sağlanması için ön ısıtma elektromanyetik indüksiyon yöntemi ile sağlanmış, belirli bir sıcaklığa gelen malzeme daha sonra ısıtma yapılan bobin üzerinden yüksek genlikli darbe akımı geçirilerek şekillendirilmiştir.