bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF OCULAR FILMS OF OFLOXACIN FOR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Kumar Arun , Tiwari Brijesh Kumar , Kumar Sokindra
Published: November 2018

Objective: The current study emphasizes on the treatment of ocular infection with objectives of reducing the frequency of administration, obtaining controlled release and greater therapeutic efficacy of the drug (ofloxacin) using ocular films.Methods: Ocular films were designed by solvent evaporation method containing a different combination of polymers. The folding endurance (mechanical strength) was determined by the number of folds at a specific single place required to break the film into two parts. Thickness was measured using screw gauze. The surface pH was done by pH paper. The percentage moisture absorption was carried out by placing the ocular films in a desiccator containing ammonium chloride. Percentage moisture loss was carried out by placing the ocular films in the desiccator containing anhydrous calcium chloride. in vitro drug release study were carried by using a modified version of franz diffusion cell. Stability study were carried using stability chambers as per ICH guidelines. The antibacterial activity was performed by using male albino rabbits.Results: The thickness and folding endurance of the films were in the range of 44±1.1 to 92±1.8 and 4.5±0.6 to 6.8±0.3, respectively for different formulations. Surface pH was evaluated in the range of 6.6 to 7.2. Percentage moisture absorption and percentage moisture loss were evaluated in the range of 1.17±1.1 to 6.72±1.5 and 0.58±0.9 to 1.23±0.9 respectively. Microbial growth was not observed in any formulation during sterility testing. The drug release for different batch codes PAH, PBE, PCP, PDC, PEEH, and PFEC was found to be 96.2, 56.9, 93.4, 94.5, 98.4 and 95.9 % respectively up to 12 h. Ocular films of batch code PEEH was optimized for maximum drug release (98.4%). The antibacterial effect was noted periodically (01 to 05 d) after administration of sterile formulation in the treated eyes vs. control eyes of each rabbit. The optimized batch PEEH of ocular films reduced the infection and redness completely within 3 d in a single dose.Conclusion: The optimized formulation would be able to offer benefits such as increased residence time, prolonged drug release, reduced frequency of administration and improved patient compliance with complete removal of inflammation and redness from the cul-de-sac.
SUNSCREENS: DEVELOPMENTS AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Reddy P. Swathi , Suresh Kumar Aishwarya , Jain Vikas
Published: November 2018

One of the major concerns affecting the human skin is the exposure to ultra-violet radiations (UVR) causing photo-damage and skin cancers. In order to provide preventive measures against such incidences, there is an increased demand for sun-protectants. Sun screening agents have shown beneficiary effects on the skin by reducing the exposure of UVR and its associated symptoms. Although various constituents have been recognized to have sun protecting activity, their safety and efficacy is still a concern. The United States Food and Drugs Administration (USFDA) and European Guidelines (EU) guidelines have made the sun protecting factor (SPF) and other such indices compulsory on the labels of such formulas to guide the consumers for better selection. The various ranges of radiations and skin types influence the mechanism of photoreaction and subsequent choice of the formulation. Apart from existing agents, certain novel sun-screening agents and technologies are now available to provide better protection to human populations.
RP-HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR SIMULTANIOUS ESTIMATION AND FORCED DEGRADATION STUDIES OF LAMIVUDINE AND RALTEGRAVIR IN SOLID DOSAGE FORM
Authors: Tejaswi Juluri Krishna Dutta , Rajan R. Govinda
Published: November 2018

Objective: A stability indicating reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the estimation of the combined tablet formulation of lamivudine (LAM) and raltegravir (RAL) in dosage forms and its API.Methods: Chromatographic separation was achieved on inertsil ODS C18 5 µm (4.6 X 150 mm) using a mobile phase (MP) consisting of a mixture of mixed orthophosphoric acid (OPA): acetonitrile (ACN) in the ratio 50:50 v/v which was determined at 242 nm respectively. Results: The assay of LAM and RAL was performed with tablets, and the % assay was found to be 100.12 and 99.89 which shows that the method is useful for routine analysis. The linearity of LAM and RAL was found to be linear with a correlation coefficient of 0.998 and 0.999, which shows that the method is capable of producing good sensitivity. The retention time of LAM and RAL was 1.99 min and 4.34 min respectively; linearity range was found to lie from 15 µg/ml to 75 µg/ml for LAM, 30 µg/ml to 150 µg/ml for RAL with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 respectively. Forced degradation studies were conducted in acidic, basic, thermal, photolytic and peroxide where all the degradation peaks were monitored.Conclusion: The proposed HPLC method was found to be simple, specific, precise, accurate, rapid and economical for simultaneous estimation of LAM and RAL in bulk and tablet dosage form. Thus the validated economical method was applied for forced degradation study of LAM and RAL tablet.
OVERVIEW ON FLOATING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Authors: Niharika Mirmeera Girish , Krishnamoorthy Kannan , Akkala Madhukar
Published: November 2018

The principal objective behind the writing of this article on the floating drug delivery system (FDDS) was to systematize the recent literature with the core process of floatation in acquiring gastric retention. The different strategies used in the development of FDDS by constructing the effervescent and noneffervescent type of floating tablets basis of which is buoyancy mechanism. FDDS is a method to deliver the drugs that are active locally with a narrow absorption window in the upper gastrointestinal tract, unstable in the lower intestinal environment, and possess low solubility with higher pH values. The novel methodologies in FDDS include approaches to design a single unit and multiple-unit floating systems, the physiological and formulation variability affecting gastric retention along with the use of recently invented and developed polymers. This review also focuses on various in vitro techniques and in vivo studies in view of performance and application of floating systems. Floating dosage forms can be delivered in conventional forms like tablets, capsules with the addition of suitable ingredients along with the gas generating agent. This review also throws light on different techniques used in developing floating dosage forms along with current and novel advancements.
FABRICATION OF BIOADHESIVE OCUSERT WITH DIFFERENT POLYMERS: ONCE A DAY DOSE
Authors: Dawaba Aya M. , Dawaba Hamdy M. , El-enin Amal S. M. Abu , Khalifa Maha K. A.
Published: November 2018

Objective: The objective of this current study is to fabricate ocuserts to control the drug release from chosen bioadhesive polymeric matrixes to enhance patient compliance. Ciprofloxacin HCl (CFX HCl) was selected as a model drug.Methods: Different bioadhesive polymers with different film forming capabilities namely Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC K4M), Poly Vinyl Alcohol (PVA), Sodium Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (Na CMC), Hydroxy Propyl Cellulose (HPC), Sodium Alginate (Na Alg.), pullulan and Xanthan Gum (XG) in different ratios were used in fabricating ocuserts using solvent-casting technique. Propylene Glycol (PG) was used as a plasticizer to facilitate the fabrication process. Characterization tests of the developed ocuserts were performed as well as bioadhesive tests and in vitro release studies of the incorporated drug. The obtained results were analysed using different release kinetic models. Stability of the selected ocuserts was investigated at 40±0.5 °C and 75±5% Relative Humidity (RH) for three months’ storage period. In vivo ocular irritation test was performed to investigate the safety of the formula in rabbits’ eyes as well as to test the release profile and thus to estimate In vitro In vivo correlation.Results: All the prepared ocuserts showed the uniformity of film characterization and bioadhesion strength ranged from 240±66 and 158±52dyne/cm2. Selected formula from the in vitro release study tested for in vivo study showed the slow release of ciprofloxacin drug up to 24 h with no signs of eye irritancy. Results for In vitro In vivo correlation showed an excellent correlation with R2 value of 0.9982.Conclusion: PVA based ocuserts proven to be a promising once-daily, effective and safe ocular delivery system of the drug.
PENETRATION OF HYDROPHILIC SULFORHODAMINE B ACROSS THE PORCINE CORNEA EX-VIVO
Authors: Chaiyasan Wanachat , Srinivas Sangly P. , Niamprem Pattravee , Tiyaboonchai Waree
Published: November 2018

Objective: Sulforhodamine B (SRB) is a hydrophilic tracer whose fluorescence is unaffected by pH unlike that of carboxyfluorescein. Therefore, SRB may serve as a better tracer when there are significant changes in pH. Thus, in this study, the suitability of SRB to assess the barrier properties of the cellular layers of the cornea was examined using a custom-built confocal scanning micro-fluorometer (CSMF). Methods: The dye solution (0.1% SRB) was prepared in PBS-Ca2+and three experiments were performed ex vivo using freshly isolated porcine eyes. First, we investigated the penetration of SRB across the endothelium by injection of the dye into the anterior chamber. Next, we measured the penetration of SRB across the epithelium after exposing the ocular surface to the dye. Finally, we examined the penetration after exposure to the dye with detergent (Tween 20) and exposure to the dye concomitant with microneedle injuries. The dye concentration profiles across the cornea were measured using CSMF.Results: SRB penetrated the corneal endothelium readily into the stroma following injection into the anterior chamber in a time-dependent manner. Despite accumulation in the stroma, SRB did not partition into the epithelium. In agreement with these findings, the dye did not cross the epithelium after topical administration. Co-administration with Tween 20 and injury to the epithelium with microneedles, however, led to penetration of the dye into the stroma.Conclusions: SRB is a hydrophilic dye that can be used as an alternative fluorescent tracer to assess the barrier function of the cellular layers of the cornea.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF JAVANESE TURMERIC RHIZOME ENTRAPPTED IN NANOPARTICLES: A NOVEL RULE OF CHITOSAN
Authors: Rahmat Deni , Kumala Shirly , Farida Yunahara , Chandra Benny
Published: November 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the antibacterial activity of 96% (v/v) ethanolic extract of Javanese turmeric rhizome (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) and nanoparticles containing the extract against 4 pathogenic bacteria.Methods: The synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles used ionic gelation method. The nanoparticles were evaluated for particle size, zeta potential and morphology. Dilution method was performed to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).Results: The nanoparticles showed particle size of 53.25 nm, polydispersity index of 0.442 and zeta potential value of+31.5 mv. The antibacterial activity results based on the broth dilution method demonstrated that both the extract and the nanoparticles could inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella thypi, and Bacillus subtilis in a concentration of 500 µg/ml. The MIC of the extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis were 400 µg/ml and against Escherichia coli and Salmonella thypi in a concentration of 500 µg/ml. In addition, the MIC of the nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus was 300 µg/ml while against Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella thypi 400 µg/ml and against Escherichia coli 500 µg/ml.Conclusion: The nanoparticles have a promising strategy to formulate the extracts in order to decrease the MIC against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella thypi.
BIOGENIC SYNTHESIS SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING PELTOPHORUM PTEROCARPUM LEAF EXTRACTS AND ITS ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY AGAINST SELECTIVE PATHOGENS
Authors: Annamalai P. , Balashanmugam P. , Kalaichelvan P. T.
Published: November 2018

Objective: The present study was aimed to screen silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using different plant extracts and also to study their antimicrobial property against different human pathogens.Methods: Nine different plants, namely Parthenium hispidum, Vinga rose, Catheranthus roseus, Phyllanthus amarus, Azadirachta indica, Jatropa curcas, Tectona grandis, Ocimum sanctum, and Peltophorum pterocarpum were screened for the synthesis of AgNPs. The AgNPs were synthesized using leaf extracts and was well characterized using a UV-Visible spectrophotometer, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and zeta potential measurement. The AgNPs was tested for their antibacterial and antifungal efficacy using agar well diffusion method.Results: Among the nine different plant extracts screened, AgNPs synthesized using Peltophorum pterocarpum leaf extract showed good stability even after one month with maximum absorption spectra of 425 nm. The synthesized AgNPs was found to be spherical in shape with an average size ranging from 20 to 60 nm. The EDX spectrum reveals the presence of silver peaks and the XRD spectrum confirms the crystalline nature of AgNPs. A Maximum zone of inhibition of 18.04±0.74 was found when the synthesized AgNPs was tested against B. subtilis, and 12.34±0.31 against A. niger when the concentration was AgNPs was maintained at 100 µg/ml.Conclusion: The results of the present study conclude that the AgNPs synthesized using Peltophorum pterocarpum leaf extracts is found to be stable and possesses broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against different tested pathogens.
FORMULATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF AMLODIPINE GASTRORETENTIVE FLOATING TABLETS USING A COMBINATION OF HYDROPHILIC AND HYDROPHOBIC POLYMERS
Authors: Alhamdany Anas T. , Abbas Ali Khidher
Published: November 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to formulate a developed floating tablet of amlodipine using different concentrations and types of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers to be conserved in the stomach for modulating solubility and bioavailability, diminishes drug waste and decline side effects.Methods: Through this study, eleven innovative formulations of amlodipine floating tablets were prepared [mixture of amlodipine, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) E50, HPMC K100M, ethylcellulose (EC) 5 mp. a. s.] by direct compression method. The pre-compressed mixtures were then evaluated for numerous parameters such as angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, Carr's compressibility index and Hausner's ratio. After compression, tablets were subjected to several tests like; floating behavior of tablets, tablet thickness, hardness test, friability test, weight variation, in vitro dissolution test. In addition, the optimum formulation was evaluated for Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests. Results: From in vitro dissolution tests and kinetic assessments; F8 was selected as an optimum formula, depending on the R2 value of zero order kinetics (0.9915) and (n) value of Korsmeyer-Peppas (0.9635) which indicate purely relaxation zero order kinetic with good delaying in drug release that was reached to 14 h.Conclusion: It can be concluded that the developed formulation of a certain combination of low viscosity grades of HPMC and EC was considered an efficient floating tablet.
AUTHENTICATION OF TURMERIC USING PROTON-NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY AND MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS
Authors: Windarsih Anjar , Rohman Abdul , Swasono Respati Tri
Published: November 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to apply 1H-NMR spectroscopy-based metabolite fingerprinting in combination with multivariate analysis for authentication of turmeric (Curcuma longa) from C. heyneana and C. manga.Methods: Partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal projections to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used for differentiation of authentic and adulterated C. longa with C. manga and C. heyneana. The variables used were peaks with certain chemical shifts at optimized 1H-NMR spectra of authentic and adulterated C. longa.Results: All of the authentic C. longa samples were clearly separated from the adulterated ones. The multivariate calibration of partial least square (PLS) was successfully applied to predict of adulterants in C. longa. The lower RMSEC (root mean square error of calibration) values, 0.94% for adulterated C. longa with C. heyneana and 1.37% for adulterated C. longa with C. manga, and the lower RMSEP (root mean square error of prediction) values, 0.83% for adulterated C. longa with C. heyneana and 1.34% for adulterated C. longa with C. manga indicated the good of accuracy and precision of the calibration models.Conclusion: The combination of 1H-NMR spectroscopy and chemometrics of multivariate analysis PLS-DA, OPLS-DA, and PLS proves an adequate technique for authentication of turmeric.
EFFECT OF MALTODEXTRIN RATIO TO KLUTUK BANANA FRUIT EXTRACT (MUSA BALBISIANA COLLA) COMBINED WITH ITS PSEUDOSTEM EXTRACT ON ANTI-DYSENTERY GRANULE PERFORMANCE AND EFFECTIVITY
Authors: Kusuma Sri Agung Fitri , Mita Soraya Ratnawulan , Ermawati Ratna Fitria
Published: November 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the best ratio of maltodextrin and extract concentration on performance of anti-dysentery granule containing Klutuk banana fruit extract (Musa balbisiana Colla) as an effective antimicrobial to treat dysentery caused by Shigella dysenteriae and combined with its pseudostem extract to supply potassium needed for supporting dehydration impact caused by dysentery.Methods: The dried fruit and pseudostem of the Klutuk banana plant were each extracted by maceration method. Each granule formula was optimized in different ratio of extract and maltodextrin concentration (1:2 (F1); 1:3 (F2); and 1:4 (F3) respectively. Then, the anti-shigellosis granule were formulated using the wet granulation method and evaluated for 30 d. The appearance of the granule, weight variation, loss on drying value, flowability, granule solubility, disintegration time, pH, and anti-dysentery activity of each formula was observed. The potassium content determination of each granule formula was done using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer method. Results: All formulated granules showed good flow properties and antidysentery activity. Concerning to the solubility, maltodextrin addition showed the increasing solubility of all formulated granule. The F3 achieved the best-improved granule characteristic and had good anti-dysentery effectivity, but had the lowest potassium content (0.362 g/l) among all formulas. The potassium content of F1 and F2 were 0.625 g/l and 0.444 g/l, respectively. Conclusion: Maltodextrin can improve the usefulness of granule that containing the Klutuk banana fruit and its pseudostem extracts in dysentery treatment and the dehydration impact.
Efficacy of gelatin tannate for acute diarrhea in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Aloi Marina , Mennini Maurizio
Published: November 2018

Aim:To investigate by meta-analysis the efficacy of gelatin tannate (GT), a mucosal barrier protector, in children with acute gastroenteritis.Methods:A comprehensive literature search was conducted. Studies were selected according to PICO: Participants: children aged 0−12 years with acute diarrhea; Intervention: GT; Comparison: oral rehydration solution and/or placebo; Outcomes: diarrhea-related outcomes.Results:Three published randomized controlled trials were identified of pediatric diarrhea treated with GT (n = 203) or control (n = 204). GT significantly (p < 0.01) reduced stool frequency at 12 h in two randomized controlled trials. A significant treatment effect (risk ratio = 0.74; p < 0.01) in favor of GT was found for the exploratory composite outcome of ‘diarrhea or liquid stools at 24 h’ in three studies. Risk ratios in a single study which reported the percentage of patients with liquid stools at 12, 24 and 48 h favored GT at all time points. No significant differences were found between GT and control for patients with diarrhea at 12 or 24 h or for duration of diarrhea.Conclusion:GT improved stool frequency and stool consistency in children with acute diarrhea, although further well-controlled studies would be useful to confirm a beneficial treatment effect.
Fundamentos y tendencias del nuevo institucionalismo
Authors: Rangel Correa Arturo Ricardo
Published: November 2018

Este trabajo pretende esbozar, las diversas acepciones que trae al debate el nuevo institucionalismo a través de sus fundamentos y tendencias. Al interpretar las principales características y elementos clave del enfoque neoinstitucional, es menester fomentar una perspectiva crítica que enriquezca el debate, y nos permita retomar las implicaciones que ha tenido a través del tiempo.

El presente análisis abordará, qué es una institución, su significado central y su implicación “como procedimiento organizado y establecido, tomando en cuenta que estos procedimientos especiales, a menudo, se presentan como reglas componentes de la sociedad” (Jepperson, 1993:193); asimismo se retomarán los fundamentos del nuevo institucionalismo a través de su propuesta teórica para comprender cuál es su objetivo; y finalmente, sus tendencias, más allá de sus planteamientos metodológicos, su concepción y su incidencia en procesos de acción y cambio social.
La debilidad institucional de la Auditoría Superior de la Federación. Relevancia de su autonomía constitucional para mejorar su gestión en materia de rendición de cuentas.
Authors: Bautista Mata Iván Israel
Published: November 2018

En este libro se analiza la relevancia de la rendición de cuentas como mecanismo de control del poder en los sistemas democráticos. La obra está estructurada en cuatro capítulos en los cuales se comienza por una revisión conceptual sobre la relevancia de las instituciones democráticas. Con base en ello se estudian de manera comparada diversos órganos de fiscalización tanto a nivel nacional como internacional para culminar con un balance analítico que arroja una propuesta digna de atención y discusión.
Evaluación in vitro de la capacidad biorremediadora de hongos filamentosos sobre petróleo crudo
Authors: Bedoya Ciro Claudia Cristina , Estupiñan B Luis Hernando
Published: November 2018

Objetivo. Evaluar la capacidad biorremediadora de algunas especies de hongos filamentosos en suelos contaminados con petróleo crudo. Métodos. Se aislaron 138 cepas a partir de 90 cultivos primarios en muestras de suelos obtenidas en los municipios de Yondó (Antioquia), Acacías (Meta) y Tumaco (Nariño), se identificaron las especies por medio de claves taxonómicas y la amplificación por PCR de la región ITS ubicándose en siete géneros de hongos filamentosos. Del total de las especies se escogieron tres para el experimento que fueron: Neosartorya sp. Cepa A/N-1, Aspergillus sp. Cepa Y/As-3 y Rhizomucor sp. Cepa 1A/R-1; se realizó la micorremediación con la técnica de Landfarming modificado al diseñarse un microcosmos con 50g de suelo contaminado con petróleo crudo °API de 21.6 a concentraciones de 20.000 ppm y 30.000ppm para cada una de las especies en un inóculo de 300 conidios/ml en agua destilada, ajustado en cámara de Neubauer y las tres especies en consorcio en suelo contaminado con petróleo crudo°API de 21.6 a concentraciones de 40.000ppm, 60.000ppm, 80.000ppm y 100.000ppm con un inóculo de 300 conidios/ml. Se valoró el proceso por espectofotometría. Además se estableció las enzimas empleadas en la micorremediación y la citotoxicidad de las cepas empleadas. Resultado. La micorremediación realizada por las especies individuales fue en promedio entre 2 y 6 días y cuando se aplicaron las tres especies en consorcio se realizó en un promedio entre 6 y 10 días, la enzima empleada es peroxidasa y la citotoxicidad es negativa.
MEAT CONSUMPTION AS AN INDICATOR OF ECONOMIC WELL-BEING — CASE STUDY OF A DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING ECONOMY
Authors: Bereżnicka Joanna , Pawlonka Tomasz
Published: November 2018

The aim of the study was to verify the criterion of meat consumption as a marker of economic well-being, in economies at different phases of development. Meat consumption per capita is a widely used variable which is used to indicate the economic bases for the exclusion of meat and meat products from the diet. The study was performed simultaneously in Austria (a developed country) and Poland (a developing country) in 2015. Descriptive statistics, econometric and descriptive models were used to process the research material. Respondents were classified according to the wealth criterion, measured by the average income per household member in a given country. In the case of the developing economy, it was discovered that the meat consumption function takes the shape of an indifference curve. In the developed economy, once the income per household member exceeds 157% of the average national income, consumers exclude meat and other meat products from their diet for health reasons and reservations concerning the quality and origin of the meat. The consumption of meat in Poland is determined by income amount, at a greater degree than in a developed economy. Low income in Polish families is the reason for the exclusion of meat consumption.
DIFFERENTIATION OF SOCIAL CAPITAL LEVEL IN RURAL CITIES OF THE WEST POMERANIAN VOIVODESHIP ACCORDING TO THE CRITERION FOR INCOME – RESEARCH RESULTS
Authors: Będzik Beata
Published: November 2018

Evolution of societies means that factors that generate socio-economic development also evolve. Classic growth determinants are not enough to further improve the economic situation. The paper draws attention to the so-called soft factors, which are increasingly important in generating progress in highly developed countries, and focuses on one of them, i.e. social capital. It forms on the basis of trust, cooperation, participation, and these components have the strongest influence in the immediate environment. At the same time, the strength of their impact decreases with the increase of the radius of range. Therefore, it implies the selection of measurement tools which optics should be limited locally. Therefore, the aim of the article is to present the relationship between social capital and income at the local level, i.e. in rural communes of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship. This is important due to the search for categories that could contribute to creating and multiplying social capital.
THE IMPORTANCE OF ORGANIC FARMING IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS IN POLAND
Authors: Biernat-Jarka Agnieszka , Trębska Paulina
Published: November 2018

Organic farming is one of the basic elements of constant and sustainable development of rural areas. It is the highest form of protection of the natural environment in the field of agriculture. The aim of the article is to present the development of organic farming in Poland, which became particularly important after joining the European Union. Poland strives to increase this type of production, the more so because it has considerable predispositions and favourable conditions. Organic farming in Poland shows quite large regional variations, resulting largely from natural conditions. The largest number of organic farms in 2016 occurred in the Warmińsko-Mazurskie and Podlaskie Voivodeships, and the smallest in the Opolskie and Śląskie Voivodships. The analysis uses data from the Central Statistical Office (GUS) and the Main Inspectorate of Agricultural and Food Quality (GIJHARS).
Integral and statistical characteristics of the turbulent swirl flow in a straight conical diffuser
Authors: Ilic Dejan , Cantrak Djordje , Jankovic Novica
Published: November 2018

The results of the experimental investigations of the turbulent swirl flow in a straight conical diffuser with inlet diameter 0.4m and total divergence angle 8.6? are presented in this paper. The incompressible swirl flow field is generated by the axial fan with outer diameter 0.397m. The measurements were performed in one measuring section downstream the axial fan impeller in the conical diffuser in position (z/R0 = 1) with original classical probes and an one-component laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) system, for four flow regimes. The comparative measurements of axial and circumferential velocities are presented. The Reynolds number, calculated on the basis of the average velocity, ranges from 149857 to 216916. Integral parameters, such as volume flow rate, average circulation and swirl number, are determined. Statistical characteristics, such as level of turbulence, skewness and flatness factors, are calculated. The highest levels of turbulence for axial velocity are reached in region 0.4 < r/R < 0.6, where D = 2R. The highest levels of turbulence for circumferential velocity are reached for the regimes with lower circulation in r/R ? 0.4, i.e., in the vortex core region for the cases with higher circulation.
Karakteristik Nilai Kalor Briket Tebu Tibarau Sebagai Bahan Bakar Alternatif
Authors: Nurdin Hendri , Hasanuddin Hasanuddin , Darmawi Darmawi
Published: November 2018

Upaya dalam mendapatkan bahan bakar alternatif melalui pengembangan diversifikasi produk briket tebu tibarau. Salah satu bahan potensial sumber energi terbarukan yang dapat diolah menjadi bahan bakar briket yaitu tebu tibarau. Ketergantungan terhadap energi bahan bakar minyak (BBM) sebagai kebutuhan utama dapat dikurangi penggunaannya oleh masyarakat menengah ke bawah. Upaya dan inovasi briket tebu tibarau yang dihasilkan sebagai bahan bakar alternative sehingga mempunyai karakteristik terhadap kualitas dan performa yaitu nilai kalornya. Sebelum dikembangkan sumber potensi ini, diperlukan adanya tahapan ujicoba dan evaluasi sesuai tatanan alur pengembangan produk bahan bakar briket. Melalui teknologi proses pembuatan produk briket dengan kompaksi dan optimalisasi kandungan komposisi terhadap penggunaan perekat yang bermacam jenis sehingga diperoleh nilai kalornya. Dari penelitian ini dapat dihasilkan suatu pengembangan model produk briket tebu tibarau yang direkomendasikan sebagai bahan bakar alternatif. Karakteristik nilai kalor briket tebu tibarau yang maksimal dengan perekat inggu diperoleh sebesar 14608,36 kJ/Kg pada komposisi 80% : 20% dan densitasnya sebesar 302,98 Kg/m3. Penggunaan perekat dari jenis tanaman inggu dapat memperbesar karakteristik nilai kalor briket tebu tibarau sehingga dapat dinyatakan bahwa penggunaan perekat dapat mempengaruhi karakteristiknya. Perbandingan massa bahan baku (tebu tibarau) dengan perekat tapioka, besaran partikel, gaya penekanan (kompaksi), dapat mempengaruhi nilai kalor dan densitas briket tebu tibarau.
Rancang Bangun Absensi Elektronik Berbasis Mikrokontrolller Atmega328
Authors: Saputra Subandi , Aswardi Aswardi
Published: November 2018

This paper aims to update the conventional attendance system. The focus of this final assignment is: (1) Creating an electronic attendance machine with biometric sensor based on Microcontroller Atmega328, (2) Renewing conventional attendance method into digital absence, and (3) Determining employee performance based on absenteeism. In making of this final task, the writer uses microcontroller atmega328 as main control center, fingerprint reader as main input, LCD as time information viewer on real time clock circuit, and series of SD card module as database system used to store information at the time of absences. Based on the results of the testing of the design of electronic attendance based on atmega328 microcontroller is as follows, the first can be used as a substitute for conventional absorption taking system. This is because the tool is equipped with fingerprint reader sensor so that in absenteeism cannot be represented. In addition, this tool also has been equipped with RTC as a timer system that will record the delay of each user on this tool. the second process of taking attendance (reviewer) can only be done after the user perform the registration process.
Analisis Kepuasan Mahasiswa Terhadap Pelayanan Laboratorium Jaringan Menggunakan Pendekatan Importance-Performance Analysis
Authors: Syukhri Syukhri
Published: November 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kepuasan mahasiswa terhadap pelayanan laboratorium Jaringan Jurusan Teknik Elektronika Fakultas Teknik Universitas Negeri Padang menggunakan pendekatan Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) serta sebagai bahan evaluasi dalam memaksimalkan tujuan pembelajaran, khususnya untuk matakuliah jaringan. Teknik sampling menggunakan simple random sampling, dengan sumber data penelitian meliputi 75 responden mahasiswa program studi Pendidikan Teknik Informatika, Jurusan Teknik Elektronika Fakultas Teknik Universitas Negeri Padang angkatan 2015. Analisis data berupa uji validitas dan reliabilitas menggunakan SPSS versi 17.0. Penelitian ini menghasilkan kualitas layanan yang diterima mahasiswa belum sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Atribut yang masuk ke dalam kuadran I merupakan atribut yang perlu ditingkatkan dengan prioritas utama. Atribut tersebut adalah kondisi ruang laboratorium yang nyaman, akses internet yang baik, kualitas hardware yang baik, keramahan teknisi laboratorium, kemudahan mahasiswa dalam memperoleh pelayanan, keberadaan tenaga teknisi laboratorium, dan kemudahan teknisi laboratorium untuk dihubungi. Untuk itu diperlukan upaya peningkatan yang signifikan terhadap atribut tersebut. Dengan adanya analisis kepuasan mahasiswa terhadap laboratorium Jaringan Jurusan Teknik Elektronika Fakultas Teknik Universitas Negeri Padang diharapkan dapat dilakukan peningkatan dengan prioritas atribut yang berada di kuadran I.
Analisis Perubahan Output Sensor Terhadap Kerja Aktuator pada Sistem EFI (Electronic Fuel Injection)
Authors: Sugiarto Toto , Putra Dwi Sudarno , Purwanto Wawan , Wagino Wagino
Published: November 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Mendeskripsikan bagaimana sensor-sensor dalam sistem EFI bekerja pada putaran idle, mesin rotasi tingkat menengah dan tinggi, dengan melihat sensor output. (2) Mengetahui pekerjaan aktuator pada Sistem EFI pada putaran idle, mesin rotasi tingkat menengah dan tinggi. Metode eksperimen digunakan untuk penelitian ini. Mesin EFI dengan tipe D EFI yang digunakan telah dianalisis. Alat pindai digunakan untuk mengamati untuk mengukur output yang dihasilkan oleh sensor dan mengukur kerja aktuator sistem EFI menggunakan alat Pindai. Dari percobaan ditemukan bahwa peningkatan putaran mesin akan menghasilkan peningkatan kerja aktuator pada Sistem EFI, yang terdiri dari Injeksi Waktu dan Pengisi Waktu Pengapian, tetapi untuk Idle Speed ​​Control Valve (ISCV) dan Intake Camshaft Timing perubahan relatif stabil.
The Stylistics of Al-quâ€™ran: The Symbolic Meaning and Function of the Art of Reading Al-qurâ€™an on the Context of Communication
Authors: Musta'in Musta'in
Published: November 2018

The study the stylistics of the Qur'an cannot be separated from the concept of i'jaz al-Quran as a form of uniqueness and privilege of the language of Qur'an. When Qur'an was delivered to the Arab society, they had used high language and literature. By the emergence of the art of reading the Quran (nagham al-Quran) around the world, and it is believed as one of the forms of appreciation of the Qoran, Muslims in Indonesia receive and appreciate it with pleasure. The Musabaqoh Tilawatil Quran (MTQ), whish is held by the governments and non-governmental institutions of all levels, has been carried out on a regular and continuous basis. As a religious text, the Qur'an has a very high literary dimension. The Quran also has some aesthetic and musical-messaging dimensions. This paper attempts to discuss the stylistic styles of language in the aspects of the art of reading the Qoran with a single voice, without the accompaniment of musical instruments, and unrelated to musical tone. This is specifically used for tazyin al-Saut bi tilawah al-Quran. The approach used in this study is Al-Uslub al-Adabi or Literary Stilistica, which focuses on the level of persistence or phonology, which includes phonetics and phonemics. Phonetics is divided into three parts, namely; articulatory phonetic, acoustic phonetics, and auditory phonetics. The discussion on literary stylistics is cannot be separated from emotional aspects, not logical aspects. The analysis of literary stylistics in the art of reading al-Quran (nagham al-Quran) produces the effect of the reader's feelings, sensational feelings and spiritual feeling. Spiritual feeling is divided into religious, ethical, aesthetic, intellectual, social, and personal feeling. Meanwhile, in the aspects of communication generate understanding and scientific knowledge about the principles of transcendent communication, the principle of spiritual communication, the principle of human communication, and finally lead to the Principle of Quranic Communication.
Transformation and Implementation of Sharia Principles In Management of Rural Agribusiness Business Development Programs
Authors: Hadi Rahmini
Published: November 2018

One of the interesting things in the implementation of the Rural Agribusiness Development Program (PUAP) in Lemberang Village is the institutional transformation of the Agribusiness Microfinance Institution (LKMA) of the Ngudi Raharjo Farmer Group (Gapoktan) to become sharia-based. In connection with this, it is interesting to study: What is the transformation process of LKMA Desa Lemberang to become a sharia-based institution? How is the implementation of sharia principles in the management of the PUAP and LKMA Syariah program in Lemberang Village?; In accordance with the formulation of the problem, the purpose of this study is to describe the two research questions. This study uses qualitative research methods, with embedded case studies or embedded case studies. The results showed that the transformation process of LKMA Desa Lemberang became a sharia-based institution with the character background of the religious Lemberang Village community, as well as the practice of agricultural activities which essentially applied sharia values, namely the maro, mertelu, and mrapat principles. The relatively loose provision of PUAP financial management allows LKMA Desa Lemberang to change its financial management system from a conventional system to a sharia system. The implementation of sharia principles in the management of the PUAP and LKMA Syariah programs in Lemberang Village uses: (1) mudharabah contract, (2) musyarokah contract, (3) murobahah contract, and (4) Ba'il Istamal Ajil contract.
ENERGETIC COMPLEXES OF SEA-GOING VESSELS
Authors: Borovikova Irina Anatolievna , Danilovsky Alexey Glebovich , Arkhipov Georgy Alekseevich
Published: November 2018

All ship equipment is integrated into energy complexes (units) generating or consuming various types of energy to perform their functions. Such blocks are called functional aggregates. There are units of ship power plants and general-purpose units. To avoid ancillary works that may occur in demounting structural units during repairs, aggregates are checked for dismountability. Very often there take place aggregate repairs with its preliminary removing from the ship premises and substituting by a new one. Utilizing is divided into functional and zonal. There has been presented a tanker hold layout made according to principles of functional and zonal utilizing. The aggregate prototype model of cooling ship power plants with fresh water has been given. It has been proved that integration of power complexes into functional aggregates helps reduce ship construction time; aggregate repairs enhances operation and rises quality of the equipment assemble.
STUDY OF FOAMING ABILITY OF AMINE SOLUTION UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF IMPURITIES
Authors: Gibadullin Ruslan Faritovich , Salmakhaev Renat Djienbulatovich , Sasina Tatiana Ivanovna , Pivovarova Nadezhda Anatolievna
Published: November 2018

The increased foaming of diethanolamine solution during the absorption purification of natural gas from acidic components is a whole complex of problems caused by the impurities of different origin in amine solution. The paper focuses on the experimental results of studying the influence of the following impurities on the foaming of the amine solution: corrosion inhibitor, hydrocarbons (diesel fraction), mechanical impurities, decomposition products of diethanolamine in concentrations from the average to the maximum observed in the operation of natural gas desulphurization plants. There has been observed effectiveness of Siloktrim antifoam in respect of amine solution contaminated with various impurities. It has been stated that the greatest foaming caused the presence of decomposition products of diethanolamine, and the smallest - decomposition products of diesel fraction and corrosion inhibitor. The effectiveness of the defoamer is most evident in relation to reducing the height of the foam and not so much evident in relation to stability of the foam. In the case of a solution of diethanolamine contaminated with an inhibitor, the defoamer adversely affects the stability of the foam.
USING SONAR EQUIPMENT DURING THE PERIOD OF ICE FORMATION ON WATER BASINS
Authors: Aldokhin Andrey Stepanovich , Chemagin Andrey Aleksandrovich
Published: November 2018

The paper presents the technique of hydroacoustic equipment operation for ichthyologic studies in the period of reservoir icing and minimum ambient temperature. The stages of carrying out a mobile sonar survey are described: creating a route with drilling holes in the ice and conducting the survey. For trouble-free operation of the software-technical hydroacoustic complex it has been proposed to use warm sledge-trailer for the snowmobile. A metal frame and a geotextile awning are installed on the top of the sledge-trailer to protect it against precipitation and low temperatures. Inside the sledge there is installed a gas-electric generator, a hydroacoustic complex; in addition, in the front part of the sledge there is a workplace for the operator making the survey. To discharge the exhaust gases of the generator there is an opening made in the sidewall of the awning; to prevent melting of generator sides there are set up asbestos sheets. The awning is located at the rear of the sledge and takes 2/3 of its length. In the middle of the sledge-trailer there is an amortization table, on which a hydroacoustic complex and a field tablet are installed. The table is attached to the sledge body with rubber ties, due to which shaking of the equipment is minimized when the snowmobile and sleigh are moving over the uneven snow-ice cover of the investigated water area. Due to the air-cooling of the generator under the awning, a positive temperature is maintained, which ensures the uninterrupted operation of computerized scientific research equipment and allows the operator to work comfortably. The described method was successfully tested in ichthyologic studies in the field at min ambient temperatures in the winter-spring period on the watercourses of the Tyumen region within the Tobolsk and Uvat regions in the period 2016-2018.
COOLING TIME OF ELECTRICAL ENGINERRING SYSTEM ELEMENT AFTER SHORT CIRCUIT IN DISTRIBUTION NETWORK OF THE SHIP REPAIR PLANT
Authors: Melikov Aleksej Vladimirovich , Veselova Natalya Mikhailovna , Nekhoroshev Dmitriy Dmitrievich
Published: November 2018

In the event of a short circuit in the element of electrical system of distribution network of the ship repair plant, the current passes through the cable core; further, it goes through the fault site into the screen and its grounding devices. The protection gets activated and cuts off the line. The cable is heated up to 250°С when the short-circuit current passes along its intact segment. After eliminating the accident caused by short-circuit current the line is re-connected to the network, but only if the cable is cooled to a temperature of 60°С. In this regard, there arises the problem how to determine the cooling time of an element of an electrical system after a short circuit. The article presents the step-by-step calculation of time after which it is possible to recycle a single cable lying underground at a certain temperature of the environment. As an example, there has been chosen a power cable of ABC type that is most often used when laying wiring in the ground. The main purpose of the chosen cable is to transmit electric power in electric lines with operational power 1.6 and 10kV. There has been developed the program for automatic definition of the cable cooling time after a short circuit. It will be useful for the thermal calculation of both a single cable laid in the ground and for several elements of the electrical system in distribution network of the ship repair plant. The program is based upon procedural programming, each procedure being a certain step in solving the problem. It has been proved that input of initial data takes much less time than efforts to solve the problem in-situ. Using the program doesn’t require special skills.
METHODS OF INCREASING EFFICIENCY OF THIN CLEARING ENGINE OIL BY IMPROVING FILTERING NONWOVENS IN OIL PURIFIERS OF MARINE DIESEL ENGINS
Authors: Nadezkin Andrei Veniaminovich , Kicha Gennadiy Petrovich , Semeniuk Liudmila Anatolievna
Published: November 2018

The article presents the results of motor tests of mass production filtering elements and new ones with improved performance in marine diesel engines. The filtering elements help to increase the efficiency of cleaning the engine oil and to lessen the engine wear and carbonation. The extended diesel service life is directly connected to the quality of oil purification. There has been carried out the analysis of developing filter technology regarding to engine oil cleaning in lubrication systems of ship medium-speed internal combustion engines equipped with different oil cleaners on the vessels of the Far Eastern basin. There have been presented the methods of increasing the throughput, dirt capacity and service life, as well as the fineness and completeness of sifting filtering elements due to the use of new filter materials. The dependence of the oil filtration rate on the efficiency of its purification is shown. Oil purification process can be intensified by means of decreasing the rate of oil filtering. To obtain the optimal filtering rate it is necessary to choose the appropriate size of a filtering element. Nowadays, the production technology of filtering elements is constantly improving, parameters of filtering materials are being upgraded, such as porosity, specific capacity, etc. There have been proposed measures to improve the hydraulic and filtering characteristics of nonwovens from cellulose and synthetic fibers of different thicknesses with different fillers and binders, which increases the permeability of papers, the number of pores per unit surface and a narrower distribution in diameter. New scientific and technical solutions are presented, which increase the efficiency of oil use in diesel engines. The ways of reducing the wear rate of the main parts in the engine due to full-flow fine cleaning of lubricating oil providing economical resource-saving operation of the trunk diesel engines are shown. The Russian industry manufactures the full-flow filtering elements and filtering materials relevant to the best international analogues.