bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ПОВЕРХНОСТНОЕ НАТЯЖЕНИЕ РАСТВОРА СОБИРАТЕЛЕЙ КАК ПОКАЗАТЕЛЬ РАБОТЫ ИХ ФИЗИЧЕСКИ СОРБИРУЕМЫХ ФОРМ
Authors: С.А. КОНДРАТЬЕВ
Published: October 2024

Рассмотрены причины совпадения рН раствора собирателя, при котором достигается максимальное извлечение целевого компонента, и рН этого раствора с минимальным поверхностным натяжением. На основе механизма работы физически сорбируемого собирателя раскрыта связь флотируемости с поверхностным натяжением раствора. Показано, что выделение из раствора ионно-молекулярных ассоциатов и предполагаемое повышение гидрофобности минеральной поверхности не могут объяснить рост извлечения. Повышение флотируемости достигается снятием кинетического ограничения образованию флотационного контакта поверхностно-активными формами собирателя. Повышение собирательной активности композицией собирателей объясняется синергетическим эффектом в понижении поверхностного натяжения и сокращением времени индукции. Предложен критерий, определяющий флотационную активность физически сорбируемого собирателя.

The causes of coincidence between pH of a solution of collectors, at which the maximal recovery of a target component is reached, and pH of the solution with minimal surface tension are discussed. Based on the physisorption mechanism of a collector, the floatability connection with the surface tension of the solution is explained. It is shown that extraction of ion-molecular associates from the solution and the presumptive increase in the mineral surface hydrophobicity are not an explanation of the increased recovery. The floatability improvement is achieved via removal of the kinetic constraint of the flotation contact by surface-active species of collectors. The increase in the collecting activity of a blend of collectors is explained by the synergetic effect of the decreased surface tension and reduced induction time. The criterion of flotation activity of a physisorbable collector is proposed.
Towards Service Quality in Logistics in a Multi-Crisis Environment: The Combination of Lean and Digitalisation
Authors: Snarskė Olga , Mockevičienė Birutė
Published: October 2024

Organisations operating in an environment of uncertainty are looking at 15-18 months to run operations at the same level as in the pre-crisis period. Therefore, companies have to focus on updating existing quality approaches, developing new models, and finding best practices. This paper aims to investigate the activities of a logistics company operating in Lithuania, which is implementing the lean philosophy through improving quality using information technology, and to analyse its actions in improving quality during the crisis. In order to achieve the set goal, the non-conformance management data of the parcel delivery company from 2016 to 2022 was analysed. During the research, it was found that the company had faced several crises, the most prominent of which was the increased demand for logistics services during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results show that new, emerging quality management challenges are managed by applying knowledge of lean management practices within two years.
Legal framework for protection against domestic violence in Lithuania
Authors: Matulevičiūtė Laima , Grinkevič Joanna
Published: October 2024

This course work analyzes the concept of domestic violence and the ways in which it manifests itself. Court practices and legal doctrine are used for this. The concept of close environment and violence is discussed. The latter is divided into subtypes which are separately detailed and their concepts are presented as they are understood in the specified sources. In addition, this work discusses the competence of pre-trial investigation officers, its regulation until 1st of July, 2023 and after this date. The main difference from 1st of July, 2023 is that the institution of the violence warrant came into effect, the purpose of which is to effectively protect the victim of domestic violence. Also, preventive and auxiliary measures of protection against domestic violence applied by different European countries were examined. Finally, the work discusses the perspectives of the violence warrant, justifies its need, discusses its shortcomings and offers suggestions on how its regulation could be improved.
Problems of application of law in the metaverse - an open Pandora's box
Authors: Marčiulaitytė Gabija , Grybauskaitė Dominyka
Published: October 2024

The concept of metavisata is becoming increasingly relevant in the modern world surrounded by technologies and innovations. The creation of an alternative reality - a meta world - not only unlocks the gates to a space of infinite possibilities and experiences, but at the same time opens a Pandora’s box of legal problems. This work analyses the specific problems of intellectual property and personal data protection in the meta world and provides solutions to these issues.The article also highlights the origin and meaning of metavisata as a concept, the components and threats of this technology. A detailed analysis of Lithuanian and foreign literature, international and national legislation reveals the problems of the application of law in the metaverse. This work concludes that the relations and civil circulation in virtual reality should be regulated not only by technical measures, but also by legal instruments, which would ensure legal accuracy and certainty and, finally, protect the consumer’s property, privacy and other inherent rights.
Legal Remedies Against Unwanted Conduct of a Sexual Nature
Authors: Jokšaitė Adriana , Dijokevičiūtė Kotryna
Published: October 2024

Unwanted conduct of a sexual nature is experienced by both women and men in a variety of situations: at work, on the street, on buses, etc. Unfortunately, the legal framework for such behaviour is not clear and unambiguous, in the absence of a relationship of service or other dependence between the persons concerned.In foreign countries, unwanted conduct of a sexual nature is dealt with by strict criminal law measures. However, in Lithuania, situations of unwanted sexual conduct, where there is no element of official or other dependence between the persons concerned, are outside the scope of Article 152 of the CC. In practice, unwanted conduct of a sexual nature in everyday situations is treated as a minor public order offence under Article 481 of the ANC, which is not entirely appropriate.In the absence of an appropriate legal framework, the experience of unwanted conduct of a sexual nature in everyday situations requires consideration of criminal liability for such conduct in Lithuania. This could be achieved by removing the element of dependence from the offence under Article 152 of the CC, thus covering all situations of sexual harassment, whether on the street, on the bus or at work. A slightly milder alternative would be to consider adding a new article to the AOC with direct liability for unwanted conduct of a sexual nature (sexual harassment).
The Right to Historical Truth and Modern Narrations
Authors: Tsulukidze Mari , Totadze Lela
Published: October 2024

Presented research paper analyzes the right to truth, its scope within the modern legal system and its protection within different storytelling practices. As it is discussed in the paper modern narrations tend to avoid past and try to hide some uncomfortable or shameful aspects of history which at some point breaches the right to historical truth therefore there is an ongoing discussion that the scope of the right to truth should be broader and it should be considered as a collective right of groups to have the access to truth about historical aspects.During the work on this topic, it became clear that the “artistic license” which allows artists to be free to choose the methods or ways to portray some historical aspects may at some point breach the right to historical truth and conveying the altered historical facts sometimes affect the way people view current reality or make important choices.Presented research also discusses the book banning process in the US school systems which resulted in removing many widely famous books from the library shelves. Based on the research, the US Supreme court’s comments can be considered agreeable. In particular, putting an end to racial discrimination should be achieved by other proper solutions rather than book banning methods. As it is mentioned in the research, access to information is essential for developing critical thinking and it is closely related to the right to truth of individuals.This article also discusses some psychological research and analyzes how the alteration of facts influence the vision and future choices of individuals. Mentioned examples also underline the importance of the right to historical truth and access to accurate historical aspects.Based on the research, it can be assumed that the right to truth should protect broader areas of individual’s lives since the access to accurate past events at some point ensure the development of critical thinking of individuals and may guarantee that members of society will take right steps regarding the modern political or social situations.
Biobanks – legal regulation and ethical challenges
Authors: Sadzevičius Martynas , Mizeikis Laimis
Published: October 2024

The establishment and development of biobanks in the context of biomedical research is an important transformational factor, enabling the collection of vast amounts of biological material, genetic information and clinical data. In recent decades, the role and technical capabilities of biobanks have evolved rapidly, giving rise to new ethical challenges. This paper discusses the legal regulation of biobanks both in Lithuania and internationally, focusing on ethical issues and interdisciplinary aspects of legal issues. An important legal issue in biobanking is the issue of a person’s consent to participate in biobanking activities. The traditional model of specific consent poses challenges due to the unknown nature of future research, and it is important to consider other alternatives such as broad, dynamic, and meta-consent models. Another important aspect is the return of health information to the biobank participant. The questions raised about disclosure, the definition of criteria and the differences between international and national legislation in this area show that the legal framework needs to be coherent and clear. In addition to the issues of personal consent, the study highlights the challenges of personal data protection. The GDPR establishes consent requirements, but biobanking activities require careful data security, especially in the context of research. Encryption of biomaterials is a way to ensure anonymity and the rights of participants, but it is important to balance this aspect with the biobank’s ability to carry out effective research. In summary, the legal issues surrounding biobanks include a range of ethical-legal challenges: the issue of consent to participate in a biobank, the issue of returning health information to the participant, and the issue of data protection for this personal data. The analysis of the information discussed in this paper reveals that successful regulation of biobanks must be consistent, respecting human rights and maximising the efficiency of research.
A work of artificial generative intelligence as an object of copyright protection
Authors: Fominova Kamilia Edita , Bugys Rolandas
Published: October 2024

This coursework examines the relationship between the work of artificial generative intelligence and copyright and looks at the possibilities of copyright protection for such work. After evaluating and presenting the concepts of work and artificial intelligence, and after examining an AI work through the personality, labour and utilitarian theories, it is apparent that each case is different in terms of whether such a work could be subject to copyright protection. In the context of the personality and labour theories, an AI work cannot be the subject of copyright protection, whereas the latter, viewed through the prism of the utilitarian theory, is not only capable of being copyrightable, but also must be protected by the law. Looking at the question of authorship of this type of work on international level, the lack of uniform legal regulation is evident. However, it is clear from the recent views expressed by the European Parliament regulations and in the case-law of United States of America, that a work created using artificial generative intelligence as a tool is likely to be eligible for copyright protection, but that such a work will also be subject, amongst other requirements, to the usual criteria for assessing the individuality, or otherwise originality, of a personal intellectual creation.
Legality of pre-trial data collection
Authors: Beglecovaitė Gabija , Mikalajūnaitė Rugilė
Published: October 2024

This article analyses the legality aspect of pre-trial investigation data. It discusses the concept of pre-trial investigation data, which reveals the importance and tasks of the pre-trial investigation stage. When examining the legality of pre-trial investigation data, it is important to take into account and ensure that the data collected comply with the requirements of the CPP and other legal acts. The pre-trial data collected forms the basis of the judicial proceedings and its legality and compliance with the law is therefore an essential element of a fair trial. Data obtained in accordance with the law is collected during the pre-trial phase of the investigation, but in certain cases it may be collected even before a pre-trial investigation has begun. This article sets out the necessary criteria and legislation to allow pre-trial data to become evidence. It highlights what needs to be taken into account when deciding on the probative value of information. It also analyses which methods of obtaining information do not contradict the criteria laid down in the law and what requirements are imposed on the participants in the proceedings and how the validity of the data can be checked. The final section of the article discusses examples of case law that present cases where pre-trial investigation data have been obtained illegally.
INTENSIFICATION OF PARTIAL DISCHARGES IN THE POLYMER INSULATION OF POWER CABLES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF HIGHER HARMONICS AND THE FORMS OF GAS MICROINCLUSIONS
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Beresteiskyi Ave., 37, Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine, Shcherba M.А. , Trotsenko Ye.O. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Beresteiskyi Ave., 37, Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine, Protsenko O.R. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Beresteiskyi Ave., 37, Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine, Gutorova M.S. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Beresteiskyi Ave., 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine
Published: October 2024

The factors affecting the intensification of partial discharges in gas microinclusions in polymer insulation of power cables are described. Such factors include the amplitude, frequency, and shape of the power supply voltage, as well as the size, shape, and orientation in the electric field of the microinclusion. Mathematical modeling shows the dependence of the field strength inside the microinclusion on its shape in the context of the possibility of reaching the gas breakdown field strength for the initiation of a partial discharge. It has been experimentally demonstrated that an increase in pulsations of the direct rectified voltage increases the intensity of partial discharges in the dielectric. It should be noted that the effects of higher harmonics on the insulation of power cables are additional to the effects of sinusoidal operating modes, and the appearance of harmonics during cable testing and development of recommendations for their operating modes is currently not regulated. References 12, figures 3.
A 6-Week-Old Boy With Irritability and Abdominal Distension
Authors: Hall Celeste , Friedmann Alison M. , Handorf Anna , Lenehan Patrick J. , Sagar Pallavi , Bank Hannah , Lee Clement D.
Published: October 2024

A 6-week-old boy is brought to the hospital for fussiness and abdominal distension. He was febrile on presentation and was admitted to the hospital for further evaluation. On subsequent examinations, he continued to demonstrate abdominal distension and tenderness to palpation. Ultrasonography of the abdomen was performed and revealed a heterogeneous liver mass. With further diagnostics, a diagnosis was made and treatment initiated, with the infant experiencing resolution of his symptoms. Our panel of experts first discuss the management of an infant with abdominal distension, then discuss the evaluation of a liver mass in an infant, including oncologic, vascular, and infectious etiologies.
Increasing Follow-up for Adolescents With Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Burkhardt Mary Carol , Krantz Landon , Herbst Rachel B. , Hardie Jennifer , Eggers Samuel , Huentelman Tracy , Reyner Allison , White Cynthia , Brinkman William B.
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Prompt follow-up for positive depression screen results is important in providing high-quality care for adolescents. We sought to improve follow-up within 30 days for adolescents (≥12 years) with Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores ≥10, or those with a positive question 9, from 25% to 40%.

METHODS

We conducted a quality improvement project at 6 primary care locations serving ∼33,300 patients (70% Black, 7.3% Hispanic, 80% Medicaid-enrolled). Our team identified key drivers and iteratively tested interventions, including contacting patients after antidepressant medication initiation, scheduling patients for follow-up during index visits, collaborating with integrated psychologists to expedite therapy for higher-risk patients, and reaching out to patients without scheduled follow-ups.

RESULTS

Pre-intervention, 13.3% (589 of 4427) of adolescent encounters met the criteria for follow-up within 30 days, and 25.8% had a documented follow-up within 30 days. During the intervention period, 12.3% (764 of 6224) of adolescent encounters met the criteria for follow-up within 30 days, and the mean follow-up rate increased to 43.1%. By monitoring process measures, we scheduled follow-up visits for 18.9% of patients during the index encounter. Outreach to the remainder led to 32.6% of these patients completing follow-up. Our balancing measure of monitoring integrated psychology visit volumes remained stable.

CONCLUSIONS

The application of quality improvement methods in primary care practices increased the frequency of follow-up care for high-risk adolescents after a positive depression screen.
Польские обращения-зоонимы и их русские эквиваленты (на материале художественной литературы)
Authors: Rudyk Anna
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to addressative phrases expressed by animal names in Polish compared to the Russian translation. In the collected corpus, addressative forms addressed to women and to men were separated. As the examples taken from contemporary Polish prose and its Russian translation show, the valuations expressed by them can be both positive and negative.
Noetika románu Empusion Olgy Tokarczukové – variace čapkovské a kunderovské
Authors: Novák Radomil
Published: October 2024

This study describes and interprets the ways and possibilities of knowing the world and one’s own identity in Olga Tokarczuk’s novel Empusion. It draws on fundamental understandings of noetics as a philosophical discipline and the possibilities of knowing the world through a work of literature (literary epistemology), and it explores parallels with the ideas of Milan Kundera and Karel Čapek. The aim of the study is to demonstrate the cognitive value of Tokarczuk’s work, to describe the stable elements of her poetics, and to show her ability to seek “novelistic” possibilities of discussion about current issues in the contemporary world.
New records of the minute moss beetle Ochthebius (Enicocerus) colveranus Ferro, 1979 in Slovakia (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae)
Authors: Kodada Ján , Harman Marcel , Selnekovič Dávid
Published: October 2024

We present new records of the minute moss beetle Ochthebius (Enicocerus) colveranus Ferro, 1979, rediscovered after more than 90 years in Slovakia. Adults inhabit the growth of algae (Vaucheria sp. and Cladophora sp.) and moss on the spray zone of protruding rocks in streams. We recently discovered small populations in rivers Laborec, Ondava, Udava, Výrava and the stream Hermanovský Potok in north-eastern Slovakia. Ochthebius melanescens Dalla Torre, 1877 and O. metallescens Rosenbauer, 1847 shared the same microhabitat. We provide illustrations of the habitus, aedeagus, habitat, and a distribution map of northernmost localities.
Analisis Kemampuan Literasi Matematis Peserta Didik Sekolah Menengah dalam Menyelesaikan Soal PISA Konten Quantity Ditinjau dari Math Anxiety
Authors: Sausan Tamara , Wibowo Muhammad Umar
Published: October 2024

A person's mathematical literacy ability is influenced by various factors, one of which is math anxiety. Math anxiety causes anxiety, fear, and dislike of mathematics, which affects the ability to solve mathematical literacy problems. This research is a descriptive qualitative research that uses a case study approach to 31 students at SMP UPI Laboratorium UPI Cibiru and selected 3 students who represent each level of low, medium, and high mathematical anxiety. The research instruments used were questionnaires, PISA tests on quantity content levels 1 to 3, and interviews. Subjects with low math anxiety solved the quantity content PISA questions up to level 3 and achieved the mathematical literacy indicators of applying and interpreting. Subjects with moderate math anxiety level could solve PISA questions on quantity content up to level 3 with the achievement of formulating, applying, and interpreting indicators. Subjects with high math anxiety level only achieved the applying indicator on level 2 questions. Subjects who have the best literacy skills are subjects with moderate math anxiety, followed by subjects with low and high math anxiety. So, students with high math anxiety may have low math literacy skills and vice versa. Future research can conduct research with the next level of PISA questions with quantity content or different content.
STEM-Based Learning Design of Local Potential Fermented Products in Virtual Classroom to Enhance Halal Literacy and Problem-Solving Skills: SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE
Authors: Rofiah Al-Zahro Rd Indah , Septi Irwansyah Ferli
Published: October 2024

The aim of this research is to investigate STEM learning approaches in the context of local fermented products, strategies for increasing halal literacy, and developing problem solving. Research methods include systematic extraction and analysis of data from selected relevant articles. A literature search was carried out using related keywords between 07-18 April 2024. The research results show that effective learning designs for local fermented products take into account the unique characteristics of local products and the use of appropriate technology. Implementing a STEM approach in the virtual classroom has been shown to increase students' interest in STEM and their connection and communication skills. Integrating halal literacy in science learning is important to ensure understanding and making appropriate decisions in product consumption. Students' problem-solving skills, especially in the science context, can be improved through steps such as problem visualization, planning, and evaluation of results. In conclusion, the STEM approach and integration of halal literacy in teaching materials can increase learning effectiveness, while the development of problem solving skills can be done through structured methods and careful evaluation.
Potensi dan Tantangan Teknologi Inovatif dalam Pendidikan : Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Afifah Syifa , Irwansyah Ferli Septi Irwansyah
Published: October 2024

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi dan tantangan teknologi terkini yang sering digunakan dalam bidang pendidikan. Metode ini menggunakan Systematic Literature Review (SLR) model prisma. Berbagai data dicari dari tiga database, yaitu Science direct, Web of science master journal list dan ERIC Education. Setelah itu data di screening, diseleksi eligibility sehingga dihasilkan data yang relevan dan valid. Hasilnya menunjukan bahwa  teknologi memiliki potensi besar untuk mengubah paradigma pembelajaran. Namun, sementara teknologi dapat membawa manfaat yang besar, tantangan seperti kesenjangan digital dan masalah privasi juga perlu diperhatikan. Oleh karena itu, kolaborasi lintas disiplin dan upaya bersama antara pendidik, peneliti, dan pengembang teknologi sangat diperlukan untuk memastikan bahwa inovasi teknologi dapat diimplementasikan dengan tepat dan berkelanjutan, sehingga memberikan dampak positif yang maksimal bagi masyarakat secara luas.
Penggunaan Rasch Model dalam Menganalisis Soal Evaluasi pada Penilaian Akhir Tahun Mata Pelajaran Matematika
Authors: Nur Oktapiana Fuji , Juariah Juariah , Sugilar Hamdan
Published: October 2024

Kualitas pendidikan di Indonesia masih perlu ditingkatkan, salah satu upayanya dengan melakukan evaluasi pada butirsoal dan lembar jawaban siswa. Sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) Mengklasifikasi lembar soal PAT berdasarkanTaksonomi Bloom; (2) Menghitung persentase pada butir soal dan jawaban benar berdasarkan Taksonomi Bloom; dan(3) Menganalisis butir soal PAT berdasarkan Rasch model berbantu aplikasi Winsteps. Penelitian ini merupakanpenelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriftif. Data diperoleh melalui metode dokumentasi berupa 35 butir soal PATmata pelajaran matematika dan 277 lembar jawaban siswa kelas VIII tahun ajaran 2021/2022. Hasil penelitianmenunjukan bahwa: (1) terdapat 11 butir soal level kognitif rendah (LOTS), 16 butir soal level kognitif sedang (MOTS),dan 8 butir soal level kognitif tinggi (HOTS); (2) persentase butir soal menghasilkan 31% soal LOTS, 46% soal MOTS,dan 23% soal HOTS dengan banyaknya persentase jawaban benar pada butir soal adalah 51,5% pada soal LOTS, 42%siswa pada soal MOTS, dan 35% siswa pada soal HOTS; dan (2) hasil analisis menggunakan Rasch model diperoleh 31dari 35 soal sudah valid dengan 4 sisanya perlu dilakukan revisi, reliabilitasnya termasuk kategori cukup dengan nilaialpha 0,72, memiliki tingkat kesukaran soal yang cukup beragam, daya pembeda soal sudah baik, dan efektifitaspengecohnya telah 100% berfungsi.
Restorative Justice as an Alternative Response to Student Academic Dishonesty in South African Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Mokomane Reliance Bongani
Published: October 2024

Academic dishonesty among students is a persistent problem in higher education institutions throughout the world, including in South Africa. The traditional methods of dealing with academic dishonesty have not succeeded in curtailing the rise of this phenomenon. Dissatisfied with the methods, some countries have started searching for other ways of responding to academic dishonesty. One such way is restorative justice, which is not a new phenomenon in the history of dealing with disciplinary problems in the education environment. International research shows its potential to enhance academic honesty among students. This article examines restorative justice as an alternative method of dealing with student academic dishonesty in South African higher education institutions. After reviewing the literature the article concludes firstly that restorative justice can reduce academic dishonesty, and secondly, that restorative justice can inculcate a good behaviour among students. The article recommends that restorative justice be adopted as one of measures to deal with academic dishonesty in South African higher education institutions.
Stresses in Local Volumes During Reactive Sintering of Powder Mixture Ti-Al-Fe-Fe2O3
Authors:   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science SB RAS, Russia, Knyazeva A.G. , Anisimova M.A. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science SB RAS, Russia
Published: October 2024

Composites based on titanium and aluminium have been attracting attention for decades. One of the possible ways of creating such composites is based on reaction sintering, which implies sintering with accompanying chemical reactions, the consequence of which is a change in phase composition. The number of reactions may directly include those that lead to the formation of the hardening phase. Mixtures of the Ti-Al-Fe-Fe2O3 type, where the source of iron oxide is metalworking waste, are very promising for use in this direction. However, for multicomponent systems the regularities of phase formation, as well as the appearance of stresses in the diffusion zone, are not obvious and are not the same for the entire volume of reaction mixtures. The present paper describes general ideas and methods of modelling for reactive sintering and gives an overview of the situations that are most important for phase formation in a selected mixture. It is shown that the dynamics of phase growth and stresses can be different in different local volumes with various variants of particles meeting each other.
Model of Ductile Fracture Initiation in Metal/Graphene Composites
Authors:   Institute for Problems in Mechanical Engineering, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, Skiba N.V. , Sheinerman A.G. ,   Institute for Problems in Mechanical Engineering, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
Published: October 2024

We suggest a model that describes the initiation of ductile fracture in metal/graphene composites. Within the model, the cracks are generated at dislocation pileups formed at the metal/graphene interfaces in the course of plastic deformation of composites. The transformation of these cracks to elongated voids and their coalescence leads to ductile failure of metal/graphene composites. For an exemplary case of Al-4Cu/graphene composites we have calculated the critical strain for the ductile fracture initiation as a function of the structural parameters of graphene platelets. Assuming that strain to failure is mainly determined by the strain for fracture initiation, we have calculated the strain to failure of metal/graphene composites. It appeared that strain to failure is maximum in the case of short graphene platelets. The calculated values of strain to failure agree with the experimental data for Al-4Cu/graphene composites.
Quantifying Data-Driven Campaigning Across Sponsors and Platforms
Authors: Franz Michael M. , Zhang Meiqing , Ridout Travis N. , Oleinikov Pavel , Yao Jielu , Cakmak Furkan , Fowler Erika Franklin
Published: October 2024

Although modern data-driven campaigning (DDC) is not entirely new, scholars have typically relied on reports and interviews of practitioners to understand its use. However, the advent of public ad libraries from Meta and Google provides an opportunity to measure the scope and variation in DDC practice in advertising across different types of sponsors and within sponsors across platforms. Using textual and audiovisual processing, we create a database of ads from the 2022 US elections. These data allow us to create an index that quantifies the extent of DDC at the level of the sponsor and platform. This index takes into account both the number of unique creatives placed and the similarity across those creatives. In addition, we explore the impact of sponsor resources, the office being sought, and the competitiveness of the race on the measure of DDC sophistication. Ultimately, our research establishes a measurement strategy for DDC that can be applied across ad sponsors, campaigns, parties, and even countries. Understanding the extent of DDC is vital for policy discussions surrounding the regulation of microtargeting and data privacy.
Multipath Characteristics of Orbital Angular Momentum Vortex Electromagnetic Radio Waves Over an Infinite Ground Plane
Authors: Yeşilyurt Uğur
Published: October 2024

In this paper, the effect of an infinitely sized ground plane on the orbital angular momentum (OAM) vortex electromagnetic (EM) radio waves is investigated. Although the effect of an infinite ground on OAM wave propagation and communication has already been numerically examined in the literature using the method of moments (MoM), this situation needs to be examined analytically and theoretically derived final form expressions need to be obtained. The multipath characteristics of OAM waves in a superconducting ground plane are theoretically presented considering both horizontal and vertical polarization conditions. In addition to direct radiation to an observation point in the far-field from the array antenna, many reflected radiations from the ground plane are also transmitted. The most fundamental reflected radiation is analyzed over a uniform circular array (UCA), adopting electromagnetic image theory. Furthermore, the transmitted field expressions obtained by considering both the circular array parallel to the ground plane and the circular array upright to the ground plane are formulated in a general analytical form for an OAM wave on a superconducting ground plane. In addition, numerical simulations are applied to exemplify the properties of OAM waves in the superconducting ground plane, unlike the isolated medium.
Recognition of Emotions in Relation to "Emotional Families"
Authors: Petrakova A.V. , Lebedeva E.I. , Yurchik E.N.
Published: October 2024

The work is aimed at studying the performance of emotion recognition of people of different sex and age, expressed without specified criteria, in association with «emotional families». The materials of an empirical online research obtained with the help of the crowdsourcing service «Yandex. Toloka», in which 3,590 testers took part. The subjects guessed one of 14 emotions from the presented photographs (pride, anger, joy, irritation, fun, disgust, pleasure, sadness, relief, despair, interest, fear, surprise, anxiety). Photographs of five representatives of different age groups were presented: 7-9 years old («junior school student», 44 photos), 13-16 years old («teenager», 46 photos), 18-25 years old («young woman», 90 photos), 35 -50 years old («woman», 44 photos), 60 years and older («older woman», 70 photos). Subsequently, the experimenters compared the responses of the subjects with the criterion of matching the guessed emotion and its «emotional family» (according to P. Ekman). The main result is that the emotions were distributed by the subjects according to their orientation (valency) rather than according to the “family”. It remains debatable what could be the basis of such choices - the features of the stimulus material, or variability in the expression of emotions by models and their recognition by respondents.
Perception of the Prosodic Formative of Multimodal Affective States
Authors: Barabanschikov V.A. , Suvorova E.V. , Malionok A.V.
Published: October 2024

The features of the expression and perception of vocal expressions as one of the forming multimodal affective states of a person are studied. The experiment, designed on the basis of the Russian-language version of the Geneva Emotion Recognition Test (GERT), involved two groups of women aged 18-45, 72 women each. One group was shown audio-video clips of 14 affective states, lasting 3-5 seconds, played by 10 professional actors according to the Stanislavsky system. The other group was presented with audio clips extracted from the same clips through headphones. It was demanded to recognize the state of the actors using an interactive image of the Geneva Emotion Wheel. It is shown that vocal expressions differ from the corresponding multimodal states by a low average accuracy of expression and identification, a different configuration and a high spread of estimates, a closer dependence on the degree of arousal, individual ways of expression and a fuzzy extended structure of categorical fields. The range of possibilities that vocal expressions have, ready to be included in cross-modal integrations, is indicated.
Structural Components of Cognitive Rigidity
Authors: Pevneva A.N.
Published: October 2024

The introduction describes the object of the study - cognitive rigidity. The purpose of the study is to identify the component composition of cognitive rigidity through the processes of switching, interference and control. Presumably, cognitive rigidity is not a unitary construct and has its own structure including the processes of switching, interference and control. The results of the study of cognitive rigidity within the framework of three approaches are discussed: cognitive rigidity as interference (J. Stroup), as switching and cognitive control (A. Lachins). The study was conducted in 2 stages: the participants of the first stage were 584 respondents (M = 21.46; SD = 6.22); the participants of the second stage were 204 (M = 19.66; SD = 5.06). A series of samples included in the test of J. Stroup, the method “Study of the influence of past experience on the way of problem solving” and “Lability of thinking” by A. Lachins, reflecting the processes of switching, interference and control, were conducted. The study revealed statistically significant differences between the indicators of variables within each technique. Within the framework of correlation analysis, intercorrelations between the scales within each technique were recorded, indicating the unity of interference, switching and cognitive control. At the same time, the differentiated nature of correlations between the parameters of all variables indicates the difference in measurement procedures. Within the framework of factor analysis, cognitive rigidity breaks down into a number of components, which allows us to assume its heterogeneity and to set the task of differentiating cognitive rigidity taking into account its structures. The results of the study contribute to supplementing the previously developed general model of rigidity, and can also be applied to the study of cognitive rigidity.
Validating the Plymouth Sensory Imagery Questionnaire in the Russian Sample
Authors: Razvaliaeva A.Y.
Published: October 2024

Mental imagery (secondary images, mental representations) is defined as the contents of consciousness that are phenomenologically close to sensory images but arise without external stimulation of the senses. The paper presents the results of validating the Russian version of the Plymouth Sensory Imagery Questionnaire that measures the self-reported vividness of mental images pertaining to different sensory modalities. The sample consisted of 253 participants 17–50 years old. The original 7 scales (vision, sound, smell, taste, touch, bodily sensation, and emotions) and the total image vividness scale were confirmed after excluding 3 items due to low factor loadings. The same factor structure was confirmed for the short version of the questionnaire. The total scales for the full and short versions had high internal and acceptable test-retest reliability; the reliability for the subscales varied. Convergent validity testing showed significant correlations between all the subscales of the Plymouth Questionnaire and visual imagery vividness, but most modality preference scales correlated with the emotion subscale. The Plymouth Sensory Imagery Scale can be used for research, although the stability of imagery across modalities needs further investigation.
Representing Gender in Library Catalogue: Developing Multilingual Homosaurus for Automated Subject Indexing
Authors: Mitra Roshni , Mukhopadhyay Parthasarathi
Published: October 2024

The sexist and homophobic attitude of global, generic knowledge organization systems like LCSH and DDC (as reported by many researchers and critiques since the 1970s) made the availability of LGBTQ+ resources extremely limited in India. This research uses the Homosaurus, a domain-specific comprehensive vocabulary tool (but in the English language only and non-interactive mode), and focuses on developing a multilingual and collaborative software framework to host the Homosaurus (in Hindi and Bengali to start with), as an interactive, participative, and collaborative global vocabulary tool. The main deliverable of this study is a multilingual Homosaurus in RDF serialization formats, which will be used as the vocabulary backend for a machine learning framework to support semi-automated indexing of LGBTQ+ documentary resources. The research aims to counter the challenges posed by limited indexed resources within the LGBTQ+ knowledge domain in Indian libraries by formulating and implementing a semi-automated subject indexing system. The prototype developed deploys the following open source tools and open access data sources: (i) Annif as the AI/ML framework; (ii) Machine learning backends like FastText, Omikuji and Neural network; (iii) VocBench to host multilingual Homosaurus; (iv) Skosify to curate RDF serializing formats of multilingual Homosaurus; (v) Skosmos to develop user interface for the multilingual Homosaurus; and (vi) open access databases (CrossRef, CoRE, Lens, OpenAlex and Semantic Scholar) to collect, gather and process the required training datasets. The research is multifaceted, encompassing the development of a semi-automated indexing framework, the evaluation of its operational efficiencies, and exploring the feasibility of a REST/ API call-based approach for expeditious indexing of a substantial volume of records pertinent to the LGBTQ+ domain. The proposed semi-automated subject indexing system aims to enhance access to LGBTQ+ knowledge and challenge the prevailing biases inherent in existing knowledge organization paradigms.
An Ethical Approach to AI in a Post-Human Epoch
Authors: Singh Gurman , Sharma Mamta
Published: October 2024

A common ethical apprehension regarding artificial intelligence seems to centre around fears that it may endanger the human condition, ‘what it means to be human.’ It is thought that radical advancements in AI might irreversibly alter the experiential grounds of humanity. However, we contest that mankind, as a unified semiotic system of signs and values that anchored the Enlightenment view of the world, has been adequately critiqued and deconstructed over the past few decades. It is within this post-Enlightenment, and more importantly, post-human, context that we may engage with technological advancements in the fields of AI, IT, genetics, virtual reality, etc. Contemporary literature on AI ethics has engaged with the question of artificial intelligence through the perspective of automation and algorithms, situating machine- and deep-learning within the history of man’s endeavours to automate labour: tied to the historical practicalities of social forces, originating in the ‘general intellect’ and ancient practices, formalized over time. In effect, artificial intelligence serves to codify, automate and perfect human labour. By co-opting this conceptual framing, we can quell much of the alarmist rhetoric that greets the topic of AI. It is also the framework within which we can approach the ethic of implementing AI systems in academic and professional environments: as the fruits, and by extension the general inheritance of mankind. At the same time, we must also contend with the ontological frontiers represented by artificial intelligence, and virtuality in general. Even as the wheel, the horse and language accelerated the development of Bronze Age cultures, these technological frontiers today promise to inaugurate radical new futures for mankind. This makes it all the more expedient for us to critically engage with the ethical dimensions of AI in everyday life. As such, the existential and ethical aspects of AI cannot be approached without first reckoning with the ‘technological mode,’ a product of man’s inherent techne. This mode, which has propelled man from prehistory to modernity, has wielded both liberatory and despotic velocities. In deterritorializing traditional systems of social organisation and production, it enabled the reorganization of society along the logic of industrialization and commerce, the pluralized proliferation of information, as well as a deconstruction and revaluation of the very notions of the ‘natural,’ the ‘human,’ and the ‘real.’ To borrow from Donna Haraway: perhaps, we have not become, but always have been, cybernetic organisms. Lastly, we must remain vigilant against the burgeoning ‘metaphysics of technology,’ of replacing the metaphysical grounds of faith with technology. A rational, scientific temper must guide our forays into the most radical advancements in AI, keeping quasi-theological passions at arm’s length.
Anti-plasmodial activity of artemether-lumefantrine-tinidazole on plasmodium falciparum infected humans
Authors: Oni Akindele E. , Georgewill Udeme O.
Published: October 2024

Background: The emergence of multi-drug resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum has intensified the search for effective compounds. This study aimed to evaluates the combined effects of tinidazole and artemether/lumefantrine on human participants infected with P. falciparum.
Methods: The study involved 25 non-infected adults as controls and 75 infected adults, divided into three groups of 25. The groups were treated orally with 1g of Tinidazole (T) twice daily for 3 days, an 8-hourly initial dose followed by 12-hourly 80mg/480mg doses of Artemether/Lumefantrine (AL) for 3 days, and a combination of 1g tinidazole and artemether/lumefantrine (80mg/480mg) for 3 days. Venous blood samples were taken on days 0, 4, and 14 to evaluate renal function, parasitemia, hematological parameters, lipid profiles, and antioxidant measures (catalase, SOD, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde).
Results: The percentage recovery with AL, T, and the combination of T and AL was 88%, 92%, and 100%, respectively. Malaria patients exhibited significantly lower levels of red blood cells, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase, and higher levels of white blood cells, triglycerides, and malondialdehyde compared to the control group. Post-treatment, there was a modest reversal on day 4 and a significant return to normal ranges by day 14. Malaria infection did not affect urea or creatinine levels.
Conclusions: Tinidazole shows potential as a treatment for P. falciparum, with enhanced efficacy when combined with artemether/lumefantrine.
Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice of pharmacovigilance amongst undergraduate students at a tertiary care teaching hospital: a questionnaire-based study
Authors: Barad Hiral H. , Hingorani Sadhana K. , Banzal Neeta
Published: October 2024

Background: Pharmacovigilance ensures patient safety and rational medication use. Spontaneous reporting by healthcare professionals is crucial, but underreporting is a major limitation. Education and training are vital to improve Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) reporting. Inculcating pharmacovigilance into undergraduate programs empowers medical students to report ADRs.
Methods: This prospective questionnaire-based study focused on assessing knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding pharmacovigilance. A total of 223 medical undergraduate students of which 156 were students in 2nd year and 67 in 3rd final years who gave their consent were included in this study. Participants completed a pre-questionnaire before undergoing a training session on pharmacovigilance related to KAP. Following the training session, a post-questionnaire was given. Pre- and post-test questionnaires were compared and analysed using an appropriate statistical test.
Results: The study showed that knowledge and attitude scores among second and third-year medical students improved after the training program. Following training, the mean knowledge score for second-year students significantly increased from 5.56 to 8.6, while their mean attitude score increased from 5.9 to 7.24. Similarly, for third-final-year students, the mean knowledge score improved from 6.62 to 9.01, and the mean attitude score increased from 6.69 to 7.52. The results clearly showed that the training program had a positive impact on the knowledge and attitude of both student groups. The mean practice scores for second-year and third-final-year students were 0.76 and 1.34, respectively.
Conclusions: The study showed significant improvement in knowledge and attitude after the educational intervention, indicating a positive impact of the training program.