bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Guide for the Preparation of Reports for the Utah Geological Survey, Fourth Edition
Authors: Carney Stephanie M. , Hylland Michael D. , Lund William R. , Ressetar Robert
Published: February 2024

Throughout its history, the Utah Geological Survey (UGS) has strived to produce reports of the highest technical and editorial quality. To achieve that end and establish the basis for a certain degree of uniformity among the various publication series of the UGS, the first edition of the Guide for the Preparation of Reports for the Utah Geological Survey (the Guide) was published as UGS Circular 85 in 1992. The Guide was updated, revised, and published as a second edition (Miscellaneous Publication 03-7) and third edition (Circular 105) in 2003 and 2012, respectively. This fourth edition of the Guide retains much of the original text of the previous editions but incorporates revisions and additional text to address moving the technical review process into the digital age. Hardcopy review was not feasible during the COVID-19 pandemic and new review procedures regarding digital documents have since been adopted. Additionally, in 2021 the Data Management Program was created to address the increase in web applications and therefore the Website section has been substantially revised. Appendix B, Disclaimers for Use in UGS Publications, has also been revised by consolidating disclaimers having similar text and function, reducing the number from 11 to 7 disclaimers. Finally, various minor revisions reflect the ongoing evolution of English grammar and style.
The Identity of Musical Works in the Web Era
Authors:   Université de Strasbourg, France, ARBO Alessandro
Published: February 2024

What is and, more precisely, what does a musical work consist of? In what sense can it coincide with a score or with a performance? How can its identity persist over historical time? Introduced by Polish philosopher Roman Ingarden in the 1920s, these questions have become recurrent in the analytically oriented philosophy of music. To this day, it does not seem easy to find an answer in a framework become more complex because of the generalization of phonographic and video-phonographic recording systems – and of that great recording system that is the Web. This article wonders how it could be appropriate to relaunch this question, focusing on its meaning and theoretical scope from a perspective considering the multiplicity of devices that populate the contemporary musical world.
Reflection of the Other in the Byzantinologist Gheorghe C. Ionescu’s Lexicographic Pursuits
Authors:   “Gheorghe Dima” National Academy of Music, Cluj-Napoca, CHIRCEV Elena
Published: February 2024

Teacher, conductor, Byzantine musicologist, Gheorghe C. Ionescu (1920- 1999) devoted the last years of his life to researching the history of Romanian Byzantine music and published in specialized journals several comprehensive papers that address various topics and bring back in focus personalities of the past. Due to his solid musical and theological training, guided by prestigious teachers from the interwar period, the distinguished musician had a rich artistic and cultural contribution to the second half of the previous century. The change of the political regime in Romania allowed him to return to the pursuits of his adolescence and youth and to continue his research of Orthodox church music in Romania. Along with his papers at various scientific events and the published studies, his tireless work materialized, soon after 1989, in the writing of a lexicon dedicated exclusively to those who had researched Romanian Byzantine music, in 1997. It was followed by a chronological dictionary, the foreword of which was written by the academician Virgil Cândea, who appreciated the importance of the book and the quality of Teacher Ionescu’s work. Entitled Muzica bizantină în România [Byzantine Music in Romania], the book appeared posthumously, through the care of his family, in 2003. Although the centenary of his birth passed almost unnoticed, both productions are valuable working tools for all those who will continue to value Orthodox church music in our country. One more reason to evoke this personality who put a lot of passion in illustrating the richness and beauty of music sung in Romanian churches, two decades after the book was printed.
Šárka, a Legendary Female Character, in Two Lesser Known Czech Operas. Overtures and Compositional Techniques
Authors:   “George Enescu” National Universtity of Arts, Iași, DUMITRIU Leonard
Published: February 2024

The lyrical works of Czech composers from the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century are very little known, and not just to Romanian musicians. Even when it comes to composers who have gained notoriety, such as Bedřich Smetana, Antonín Dvořák or Leoš Janáček, without consulting a dictionary, we cannot name more than one of their titles: Smetana’s Prodaná nevěsta, Dvořák’s Rusalka and Janáček’s Jenůfa, even though each of them wrote countless other works dedicated to the opera. When we think of composers like Zdeněk Fibich and Otakar Ostrčil, obscurity is almost total. Beyond the fact that this study attempts to make a contribution to the knowledge in this field, other objectives include analyzing the compositional language that two composers embraced in homonymous operas and observing the manner in which they related to the mythology of their people. One of the major characters of the Czech national mythology is called Šárka, a title that both Leoš Janáček and Zdeněk Fibich have attributed to one of their operas. In studying the action of the two stage works, this research also turns to the Czech writers of that period and the manner in which they reflected the fundamental Czech myths in their literary works. Details related to the time of appearance of the operas and, in the case of Zdeněk Fibich, brief but welcome information on his biography and creation are also presented. The original contribution of this study consists in analyzing the overtures of the two homonymous operas in terms of compositional techniques, elements of construction and musical expression and, last but not least, observing the similarities and differences of vision between the two creators.
The Impact of French Pedagogy on Romanian Piano Art. Disciples of Alfred Cortot
Authors:   “Gheorghe Dima” National Academy of Music, Cluj-Napoca, PASCU Cristina Eleonora
Published: February 2024

A very special effervescence in terms of artistic life animated the City of Cluj at the beginning of the 20th century. The city’s newly established institutions, after the historical moment of 1918, were increasingly asserting themselves, polarizing culture in its numerous forms and manifestations. This is the context in which the Academy of Music and Dramatic Art of Cluj (currently “Gheorghe Dima” National Academy of Music) was founded by a team of professors, who had been trained at various higher music schools in Western Europe and who implemented the highest standards meant to raise the new school at the level of the other European schools of this kind, in an effort to narrow the historical gap that separated the former from the latter. Among them stand out, due to their special artistic and pedagogical qualities, young pianists returned from Paris, where, within the prestigious École Normale de Musique de Paris, they had been trained by the renowned pianist Alfred Cortot. They were: Ecaterina Fotino-Negru, George Ciolac, Eliza Ciolan, Alexandru Demetriad, Viorica Adelina Radu, Gabriela Ţereanu. Our paper aims at providing a documented image of this significant direction of development, which relied on the artistic and pedagogical knowledge acquired by the Romanian musicians trained in the privileged environment of Paris and who later returned to work at the National Academy of Music in Cluj. We will tackle the subject from several points of view, namely the peregrinatio academica phenomenon, the socio-political background and the founding personalities of the École Normale de Musique de Paris, the pedagogical principles, their reception in Romania, and the evolution and current status of this noble lineage.
Aurel Stroe – Dominants of Musical Thought (90 years since birth)
Authors:   Transilvania University of Brașov, COROIU Petruța-Maria
Published: February 2024

Aurel Stroe, one of the greatest post-Enescian Romanian composers, is also a master of putting into words the metabolism of the great axiological ideas of humanity. At his 90th birth anniversary, given the originality of his discourse and his system of thought, Aurel Stroe needs an analytical synthesis of his entire vision of sound art (not just of his compositional system). Articulated under the sign of interdisciplinarity, his streams of ideas are so consistent that they draw their energy from different spheres of human culture, supporting a dramaturgy of creation that proposes incommensurable models juxtaposed within the same work. The morphogenetic music (born from the translation of the great mathematical theories of time into sound art), the composition with several tuning systems or within which immeasurable cultural dominants are confronted, give rise to a type of work of art that faces the same main difficulty as every valuable creation: sustaining its unity (which inevitably, breaks down, endangering its very quality). This paper offers some of the strategies the composer harnesses to handle his musical material, under the conditions of an extreme semantic difficulty: that of the expressive stabilization of the work in the imbalanced context caused by the coexistence of incommensurable elements. In this framework, other favorite topics are: the ontology of the work of art (and its sufferings in the modern context), the reflection of the theories of bifurcations, fractals and the chaos theory in sound art, the application of thermodynamic principles in the sound compositional space. The result of such strategies is dramatic, catastrophic, collapsing structures that propose unpredictable dynamics. A theoretician without equal, deeply knowledgeable of the great musical systems, he saw them as sound expressions with universal consequences, of great magnitude.
Present-Day Trends in the Research and Creation of Living Arts in the Academia: A North American Model
Authors:   Université Laval, Québec, Canada, DOSPINESCU Liviu
Published: February 2024

This paper tackles several aspects of the ‟opening towards the Other” that has marked an emancipation trend in the arts of the stage for more than a century; I will name them living arts because, of all the arts, they are distinctly characterized by this essential quality. It also finds its meaning in the institutional decompartmentalization and the opening of disciplinary practices towards the others. Under the sign of the inherent human living presence, the living arts refer to experiences in the whole spectre of the stage arts, coming under a polymorphous subject of research as early as the former half of the 20th century. It includes the most diverse disciplinary aspects, which are no longer just those of the drama, dance and choreography, performance or music, because the disciplinary practices of the other field and also practices from more remote fields like the visual arts, the cinema or those of the languages of new technologies connected, for instance, with the complex projections on the stage or its augmentation through Virtual Reality etc. can be added to it any time. Thus, we can notice how, in an intermedial process, in the meeting of drama and film, drama, as an art of the unmediated and of the living presence, tends to leave a mark (i.e. of the living) on the spectre of the delayed presence of the film in an inter- or even transdiciplinary relation. Therefore, the paper explores phenomena around the meeting of distinct entities under the interdisciplinary and intercultural aspects that mark the strong current interest in alterity and hybridity in the stage act but also in the new modes of perception in which the spectator is invited to engage or in the new interpretation grids demanded of the researcher. I will enrich this perspective by offering a few present-day reserach and creation trends in the living arts in the academia. They are extracted from my experience of both research-creation and doctoral project coordination. I share this experience in order to reveal a distinctiveness of research and creation at University of Laval, Québec and, at a larger scale, a trend or maybe even a model for the North American space. Apart from its descriptive aspects, my paper aims at raising new questions, inspire new possibilities and reinforcing new contributions in the research and creation of living arts.
The Actor, Between the Self from Theatre and the Other from Music
Authors:   “George Enescu” National University of the Arts, Iași, ROMAN Diana
Published: February 2024

The worlds of music and theatre have been brought together under the sign of scenic creation since the origins of the appearance of the theatre, the interdisciplinary artistic dialogue between the two arts sharing common aesthetic, psychological, psycho-social landmarks. The interactions between these worlds gave birth, finally, going through different forms and long searches, to the most original and popular theatre genre, the Musical. At the same time with technology and the digital revolution, live music, the orchestra, the musicians present on the stage of the theatre, were replaced with recordings, original stage music faces increasingly rare performance in theaters. The amazing intersection of theatre and music must be seen as a matter of course. My research will focus on the analysis of the fragile relationship between identity and alterity in the case of a few artists at the congruence between theatre and music (Ada Milea – A lost letter in concert, The Explorer, Chirița in concert, Răzvan Mazilu – Cabaret, Maria de Buenos Aires, Bobo Burlăcianu – Cats, The City, Metamorphosis, Alexander Hausvater – The Machine. Musical, Ada Lupu-Hausvater – Hamlet, Tibor Càri – The little prince). If a few years ago shows like Rocky Horror Show by Alexander Hausvater were considered original or controversial precisely because they skilfully crossed the boundaries between theatre and music, today we realize that the hybrid genre is also on an upward trend in terms of public taste (proof is The Young Actor`s Gala 2022 theme) and dramaturgy (Eugen Rotaru – Musical Theatre Plays), and of actors with professional training in both fields, tempted by the border between the arts. The cocreation experiences between the actor and the musician also bring with them important pedagogical aspects, resulting in an improvement of the work of each individual artist. The requirement to constantly search for new ways of artistic expression remains important, wich inevitably brings together artists from different art forms.
Image and Post-Truth
Authors:   “I. L. Caragiale” National University of Drama and Film, București, PRELIPCEANU Cosmin
Published: February 2024

Nowadays, under the non-stop assault of over-information and the multitude of sources and media, the consumers of information (related to non-fiction audio-visual content) suffer from an overflow. They are oversaturated, blasé, disinterested, they have the feeling they know everything and are entitled to jump straight to conclusion (their own or ready-made conclusions). The content they cannot process is rejected. With such an audience, content creators diversify their arsenal of stimuli: shocking images and sound, partisan speech that confirms the viewer's own perceptions and beliefs. But mostly, emotions. Emotion is the most powerful stimulus applied to the viewer and has an enviable effect among content creators. The emotionally connected viewer will develop trust, dependence on the source of information and, in conjunction with other stimuli, will become susceptible to mobilization. It is a key effect in the study of disinformation and propaganda, which makes it possible to manipulate the viewer into acting in a certain way. In other words, emotion becomes a tool. It is used intentionally to trigger a certain reaction from the audience. Our research analyses the extent to which the need for emotion in the news shapes reality, that is the events as they happened, and how we would expect them to be covered on screen. We follow the methods that journalists use to give viewers as much of this stimulus as possible, once considered a foreign body in the news bulletin. And in the analysis of the media content (image and sound) we notice how two fields that once seemed utterly opposed by reference to objective reality (physical truth), journalism and artistic creation (fiction), ended up sharing a common ground, that of emotion. The corpus of our analysis consists of CNN, BBC and RT television reports on the war in Syria during two of its key moments, the WMD attacks of 2013 and 2018. The study method we will apply is rhetorical analysis, proposed by Professor Guillaume Soulez from the University of Sorbonne. This is how we reach a second junction, because the French professor proposes discursive analysis for any kind of media content, whether fictional or not.
La compasión y la Misericordia según Papa Francisco
Authors: Muñoz Israel Arévalo
Published: February 2024

The relevance of the theme of compassion and mercy has been renewed especially through the Pope’s gestures and attitudes that reflect God’s great compassion. By establishing the celebration of the World Day of the Poor, the Pope invites us to spread and institutionalize such gestures and attitudes since God’s response to the poor is always a saving act that heals wounds of body and soul. The Pope views his catechesis, audiences, apostolic journeys, greetings, diplomatic, apostolic, and interreligious meetings, discourses, and prayers for the victims of war, homilies and press conferences as opportunities to move the world to compassion and to remind people that God’s mercy is eternal. His approach to compassion and mercy, that is, an approach from the perspective of the merciful Samaritan, is intended to deepen and intensify our response to the missionary and compassionate vocation in following Jesus Christ, the Evangelizer of the poor.
La comunicación desde Fratelli TuttiLa vida es el arte del encuentro, aunque haya tanto desencuentro por la vida
Authors: Baquero Jorge Luis Rodríguez
Published: February 2024

Pope Francis is always mindful of the value of communication. He is aware of the fact that there is a need to avoid a form of communication that is simply instrumental and that does not contribute to the development and strengthening of the community. We need to recognize how social networks, on the one hand, help us to better connect, rediscover, and assist one another. In Fratelli Tutti, Pope Francis also refers to the theme of technology but focuses on the need to be attentive to this matter. We can have good technology and new updated mobile devices; we can have excellent internet connections, and yet all of those realities do not guarantee good communication. In fact, with all of those factors in place we could still be isolated: Today we can recognize that “we fed ourselves on dreams of splendor and grandeur, and ended up consuming distraction, insularity and solitude” (FT, 33). T he encyclical also reminds us of the reality that in order to accomplish our mission in an effective manner, we must enter into a dynamic of true dialogue; that is, dialogue within our community, dialogue with reality, and dialogue with the poor whom we serve.
The Effect of Pineapple Crude Enzymes and Fermentation Time on The Decaffeination Process of Robusta Coffee
Authors: Hariyadi Tri , Paramitha Tifa , Irmawati Dwi , Salsabila Salwa Ainaya
Published: February 2024

The decaffeination of robusta coffee can be done through fermentation with a crude enzyme containing bromelain enzyme from pineapple. The study aims to determine the activity of the bromelain enzyme by the Kunitz method, the effect of fermentation time and crude enzyme concentration on the decaffeination process, and the characteristics of coffee before and after fermentation using FTIR. The fermentation time was varied from 6 to 36 hours and the crude enzyme concentration was varied from 10 to 80%. The activity of the bromelain enzyme was 36 U/ml. Fermentation time affects the decaffeination process, wherein the longer the fermentation time from 6 hours to 36 hours obtained caffeine content from 2.39% to 0.07%. Besides that, the crude enzyme concentration affects the decaffeination process, which obtained the lowest caffeine content or percent decaffeination at the crude extract concentration of 80% (v/v). FTIR results showed that the decaffeination process affected the reduction of caffeine in coffee samples. It can be shown from the increase in the %T value of the C-N functional group from 40.731 to 54.85.
Capacidad de Respuesta de Empresas Manufactureras de Exportación
Authors: Máynez-Guaderrama Aurora Irma , Cavazos-Arroyo Judith , Julieta Urrutia-Nava Gabriela
Published: February 2024

Los objetivos de este trabajo son analizar el efecto de la capacidad de cooperación intra-organizacional, la capacidad de reconfiguración y la agilidad de la cadena de suministro sobre la capacidad de respuesta, y evaluar su importancia y desempeño relativo. El método es cuantitativo, explicativo, y transversal. Los sujetos de estudio son empleados de la industria maquiladora de exportación en Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua. Los resultados muestran que la capacidad de cooperación influye sobre la capacidad de reconfiguración, la agilidad en la cadena de suministro y la capacidad de respuesta. Además, la capacidad de reconfiguración impacta a la capacidad de respuesta y a la agilidad en la cadena de suministro, y esta última incide sobre la capacidad de respuesta. La originalidad radica en la identificación de áreas de mejora para la capacidad de respuesta. Los hallazgos muestran la relevancia de la capacidad de cooperación intra-organizacional. Las limitaciones se asocian con el diseño no probabilístico y transversal.
Conductor de transporte de carga en México
Authors: Yarto-Chávez Manuel Antonio , Badillo-Gaona Manuela
Published: February 2024

El objetivo de esta investigación es contrastar las prioridades de las características del perfil laboral del transportista entre conductores (hombres y mujeres) y representantes de empresas en México a través de un método que plantea dos aspectos que consisten de un estudio bibliométrico y un análisis estadístico con el fin de tener compatibilidad de intereses. Se realizó una encuesta a conductores de transporte de carga y representantes de empresas en México dedicadas a este giro. Se realizó ANOVA de una vía y se validó estadísticamente con la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis; y las características consideradas en el perfil se clasificaron en orden descendente según las estadísticas. Los resultados son que las características de estabilidad emocional, permanencia familiar, experiencia previa de conducción y nivel educativo entre conductores y representantes de la empresa son estadísticamente diferentes en sus prioridades. La originalidad de los hallazgos permite implementar mecanismos de gestión para entender y cubrir la demanda de conductores en México, mientras que la limitación fue la muestra tomada por la disponibilidad de conductores y representantes de las empresas.
Evaluación de la Gestión de la Calidad del Aire en Guanajuato con Procesamiento de Lenguaje Natural
Authors: Salas-Rodríguez David
Published: February 2024

El objetivo fue evaluar la Gestión de la Calidad del aire 5 de las 10 ciudades con mayor contaminación del aire en México y que pertenecen al estado de Guanajuato. El método de investigación consistió en medir la información con Inteligencia Artificial orientada con el modelo LART de Gestión ambiental usando el Procesamiento de Lenguaje Natural en las funciones y estrategias para la gestión de la calidad del aire. Se analizó un corpus de 32 enunciados. Como resultado se obtienen una bolsa de 80 palabras y un vocabulario de 82 N-gramas de longitud 1 a 7 para medir la información del proceso de gestión. Los hallazgos revelan que las mejores gestiones están en Celaya, León y Silao de la Victoria. La originalidad del método radica en que la información encontrada por el algoritmo permite validar parcialmente el modelo LART. Se limita a evaluar la gestión y los estudios siguientes se orientarán al desarrollo de un vocabulario más amplio y un corpus mayor para utilizar el modelo W2V que incruste los N-gramas en un modelo n-dimensional.
La retroalimentación del docente en el estudiante de medicina
Authors: Chalco-Barrientos Guadalupe
Published: February 2024

Estimado Editor:Me dirijo a usted para expresar mi opinión sobre la importancia de la retroalimentación del docente en el estudiante de medicina humana. La retroalimentación del instructor desempeña un papel crucial en la educación y el desarrollo de los estudiantes de medicina, proporcionando información valiosa, orientación y apoyo que mejora su experiencia de aprendizaje y los prepara para sus futuras carreras como profesionales de la salud.La retroalimentación del docente contribuye significativamente al desarrollo académico y profesional de los estudiantes de medicina. Como señalan Smith y Jones (1), "la retroalimentación efectiva permite a los estudiantes identificar áreas de mejora y desarrollar habilidades críticas necesarias para su futura práctica médica". Esta afirmación resalta la importancia de la retroalimentación en el fortalecimiento de las habilidades clínicas y el pensamiento crítico de los estudiantes.
A Mystery Unsolved: A Spontaneous Lens and Uveal Prolapse in a New-born
Authors: NABILA ALJUFRI  , Shafiq Advani  , Dany Petra  , Agnesstacia Vania L  , Yulia Aziza  , Julie D Barliana  , Rio Rhendy
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Corneal rupture in new-born, especially during the first week of life is rare. Some of these cases occur because of ocular trauma during deliveries, systemic infection, and congenital anomalies. We aim to deliver a rare case of spontaneous lens and uveal prolapse in new-born and management in treating the case.

Case Illustration : A-2-day-old full-term-baby was referred due to bleeding of the right eye 6 hours post-partum by spontaneous vaginal delivery with no trauma. The mother, a 23-year-old, having the second born with no history of medical illness or vaginal discharged during pregnancy. Measurements of birth weight and length were normal. Eye examination of the right eye (RE) was uveal and lens prolapse and left eye (LE) cloudy cornea with leukoma and prominent neovascularization. Orbital CT-Scan revealed bilateral vitreous bleeding of both eyes. Laboratory examination showed reactive IgM for herpes simplex virus, reactive IgG for both toxoplasma and rubella. Corneal swab culture was sterile. Systemic and topical antibiotics were administered then switched to systemic antivirus. The 12-day-old-patient showed partial epithelization of cornea, less uveal volume with it partially shrank. Close observation was conducted and evisceration was postponed.

Discussion : Although etiologic work-up has been addressed, exact etiology remains unknown with the possibility of congenital cause. It has been postulated that structurally malformed eyes are more prone to corneal perforations. Management should be personalized based on the patient’s need.

Conclusion : Thorough examination is vital a rare case with undisclosed aetiology especially new-born. Patient monitoring is sufficient if no infections and bleedings found.
Pseudopterygium After Limbal Dermoid Cyst Excision in a Child with Goldenhar Syndrome
Authors: CAESARITA DEA PRITA , Barliana Julie Dewi
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Goldenhar syndrome is a rare congenital disorder also known as oculoauricularvertebral dysplasia. Limbal dermoid associated with this syndrome. This case report aims to present an reccurent pseudopterygium after three times limbal dermoid cyst excision in patient with Goldenhar syndrome.

Case Illustration : Patient 13 years old male with pseudopterygium in right eye. Visual acuity both eyes 6/6 snellen chart. Fibrovascular tissue from tarsal conjunctival inferotemporal to 2 mm limbal cornea in right eye. Patient had limbal dermoid cyst in right eye since birth and underwent limbal dermoid cyst excision for three times. First time surgery used amniotic membrane transplantation, then second and third surgery used conjunctival limbal graft. Goldenhar syndrome have been diagnosed since the age of 2 years old. External examination noticed asymmetrical hemifacial microsmia, grade III microtia right ear, conduction deafness, and laryngomalacia.

Discussion : Limbal dermoid cyst is one of characteristic of Goldenhar syndrome. In this case pseudopterygium grade II in right eye developed after limbal dermoid cyst excision for three times. Limbal dermoid simple excision may lead to corneal vascularization persistent epithelial defect, scar, and pseudopterygium. Various surgical include superficial keratectomy, amniotic membrane transplantation and lamellar or penetrating keratoplasty. Pseudopterygium still occurs in this case, even though recurrence has been prevented by administration of amniotic membrane transplantation and conjunctival limbal graft.

Conclusion : We should be concerned about management of limbal dermoid cyst with Goldenhar syndrome to prevent recurrent pseudopterygium.
Socio-demographic Characteristics and Visual Acuity Patients Underwent Cataract Surgery at Pandaan Eye Clinic
Authors: Medicarizky Aulia , Wahyuni Indri
Published: February 2024

Introduction & Objective : Cataracts are one of the leading causes of blindness affecting 94 million worldwide including 77,7% blindness of Indonesians with prevalence in people aged over 50 years reaching 1,9%. This study aimed to describe the socio-demographic characteristics and visual acuity of patients who underwent phacoemulsification cataract surgery at Pandaan Eye Clinic.

Methods : Patients were consecutively included from January 2022 to December 2022. Data of age, gender, area of residence, occupation, comorbid systemic disease, laterality, intraocular lens (IOL) power, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) after four weeks of surgery was obtained. Visual acuity (VA) is classified in the WHO category. Data were recorded in sheets and proceeded using SPSS.

Results : There were 1583 eyes out of 1230 patients with 55,4% having done unilateral cataract surgery and the most used IOL power at the range 19.00 to 23.00D (75%). The mean age was 60,83 ? 9,05 years and 53,9% were male. Most of them live in Pasuruan Regency (77,7%), without systemic comorbidity (68,8%), and work outdoors (62,2%). Before cataract surgery, most of the patients had blindness (57,6%) (presenting VA <3/60). The BCVA outcomes were 6/6 to 6/18 in 1129 eyes (71,3%).

Conclusion : This study marked the immense incidence of cataracts as a cause of blindness, particularly in males. The increase in cataract surgery performed also determines that eye care services reach a certain area. Therefore, eye health resources must be evenly available throughout the country to reduce the impact of socio-demographic status
PREVALENCE OF DECREASED VISUAL ACUITY IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN PATIENTS AT KUTIME HEALTH CENTER, TOLIKARA DISTRICT, PAPUA PEGUNUNGAN PROVINCE
Authors: Ferdiansyah Muhammad , Vianny Audra Lovita , Daeli P. Rahmat , Nugroho M. Dwi
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Vision has an important role in a child's learning process, and has a correlation with a child's achievement at school. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of decreased visual acuity or refractive errors in primary school-age children in the working area of the Kutime Health Center, Nabunage District, Tolikara Regency.

Methods: This research is descriptive in nature with a cross-sectional research design and a total sampling technique. The sample for this study were all pediatric patients aged 6-12 years who went to the Kutime Health Center during the period June 2022 to December 2022. Examination of visual acuity in this study used the Snellen Chart.

Results: Participants totaled 105 children with prevalence of decreased visual acuity at the Kutime Health Center at 5.71%. The prevalence is higher in girls (6.81%) than boys (4.91%). Based on the affected eyes, the left eye (5.71%) obtained refractive error more than the right eye (3.8%). Decreased vision found in this study was 6/15, 6/12, 6/10, and 6/7.5 which means it is included only in the category of mild vision loss. There were no children (0%) who experienced a moderate and severe decrease in visual acuity in the right or left eye. There were no children (0%) who experienced a profound reduction, reduced visual acuity to near blindness, and blindness without light perception in the right or left eye. The most common age range for children is in the age range of 10-12 years (7.89%). Most of the children with decreased visual acuity came from the village of Kabelogok (12.5%).

Conclusion: The prevalence rate of eye disorders in the Kutime Health Center, Nabunage District, Tolikara Regency is 5.71%, this figure is still above the Papua Province rate, which is 2.4% and nationally, which is 4.6%. Advice that can be given to parents and the school is to carry out routine screening in order to be able to detect decreased visual acuity in children's eyes early so that they can be intervened more quickly so as not to exacerbate children's decreased visual acuity in the future.
Factors Associated with Poor Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Post- Cataract Surgery Endophthalmitis: A systematic review
Authors: Amran Rahmah , Zukhri, Sp.M Dr. Dicky Stevano
Published: February 2024

Introduction & Objectives : Postoperative Endophthalmitis has remained one of the rare yet most devastating complications of cataract surgery. The previous study mentioned that 15-30% of POE patients have an unfavorable outcome on visual acuity of less than 20/200 and may even result in the loss of the eye. Thus, this study aims to review and summarize prognostic factors that can affect the final outcome of postoperative endophthalmitis from cataract surgery.

Methods : We systematically searched with PRISMA 2020 across 5 databases (PubMed, Scopus, SAGE, Embase, and Cochrane) with the search term “(prognosis OR prognostic factor) AND postoperative endophthalmitis) AND (cataract surgery)”, as well as reference screening for any additional relevant studies. The risk of bias from included studies will be assessed using Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale.

Results : Out of 314 studies, we decided to only include 13 studies that match our inclusion and exclusion criteria. All of the studies are cohort studies with a total of 753 patients affecting 753 eyes and most of them are coming from Asian countries. Both diagnosis and intervention given are based on Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study (EVS) result.

Conclusion : Prognostic factors for post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis are corneal involvement, microbiological investigation result, intervention timing, treatment modality, comorbidities, and other complications
Transconjunctival Approach with Lateral Skin Extension in Orbital Fracture Reconstruction
Authors: MIA NURSALAMAH  , R. Angga Kartiwa  , Ilman Fathony M.
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Orbital fractures are commonly featured in various type of facial fracture, including zygomaticomaxillary, naso-orbito-ethmoid, frontal-sinus, Le Fort II, and III fracture patterns. Multidisciplinary surgery is required to restore physiological and aesthetic functions.

Case Illustration : Three midfacial fracture operations with lower transconjunctival incision approach to 6, 18, and 25 years old patients were performed by maxillofacial team in Al Islam Hospital Bandung. The steps started with lateral canthotomy and continued with transconjunctival incision in a lateromedial direction. With dissection towards the infraorbital rim, lower eyelid is mobilized and can be retracted anteromedially. Two patients was given titanium orbital floor implants and plates, while the youngest patient received absorbable plates. This approach successfully gave wider access to orbital bone and less bleeding during surgery. No complication has been reported with good outcome.

Discussion : Fracture of the orbital floor may be repaired through transcutaneous, transconjunctival or endoscopic approaches. Transconjunctival approach is the most effective surgical access to infraorbital rim and orbital floor or even to medial orbital wall. The ability to reach periosteum further allows access to great portion of the orbit. Lateral canthotomy allows periosteum to be elevated superiorly for repair of fracture frontozygomatic suture. This approach may decrease the risk of postoperative eyelid retraction than subciliary approach and is aesthetically superior to other approaches.

Conclusion : Transconjunctival approach has provided wider intraoperative access during orbital fracture reconstruction with easier post operative care, also giving good functional and aesthetic outcome.
CLINICAL OUTCOME USING MODIFIED LATERAL TARSAL STRIP AND RESCESS LEVATOR IN PATIENTS WITH OCULAR PROBLEM DUE TO FACIAL NERVE PALSY
Authors: RIF’AT NURFAHRI  , Ratna Doemilah
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Facial nerve palsy is a condition that affects various organ including the eyes. We report a case of facial nerve palsy with eye manifestations in one patient that requires immediate action to save the cornea.

Case Illustration : A 63-year-old male presented to our OPC with the primary complaint of right eyelid inability to close since September 2021after brainstem tumor excision, which had worsened since May 2022. Visual acuity: 2 meters counting fingers; IOP: 11 mmHg. Anterior segment examination revealed lagophthalmos (8 mm) in the right eye, a pinch test result of 10mm (horizontal laxity), conjunctival hyperemia, conjunctivalization of the cornea, a fluorescein test result of 7 x 4 mm, and band keratopathy. The wrinkles on the patient's right face disappeared. There was numbness, and the smile was asymmetrical. Patient underwent right eye modified lateral tarsal strip and recesses levator 8mm. The patient's eyelids can close tightly almost symmetrically with the left eye and no ptosis after operations. One week after operation, patient feels more comfortable, and the conditionof the cornea has improved. The facial nerve is vulnerable to trauma because of its path from the brainstem through the temporal bone to the facial muscles. In conditions of irreversible facial nerve palsy, managements are focus to overcome the complications. Modified lateral tarsal strips and levator recesses are relatively simple and inexpensive techniques that can help to overcome lagophthalmos.

Discussion : 

Conclusion : Ocular manifestations can occur in patients with facial nerve paresis. Modified lateral tarsal strips and recesses levator eyelids can help protect the cornea.
A Case: The Strategy of Corneal Ulcers
Authors: Oktaliani Rahayu , Waslan Kuswaya
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Corneal ulcers are considered an ophthalmologic emergency because of their potential to permanently impair vision or perforate the eye. Accurate and quick diagnosis and prompt treatmentis a key to improve clinical and visual outcomes in cases of corneal ulceration.

Case Illustration : In this paper, we present the case of male 40-year-old presented with complaints of pain and defective vision in the right eye. Visual examination of the right eye is 1/~. It was found, palpebral edema, hyperemic tarsal conjunctiva. The bulbar conjunctiva showed conjunctival injection, ciliary injection. The cornea looks completely cloudy, the surface is not slippery, infiltrates and edema. The patient was treated with medical and surgical therapy, and then the patient’s have a good clinical response and was able to return to work.

Discussion : The diagnosis of corneal ulcers was established based on history, physical examination and clinical examination using a slit lamp and laboratory examinations. Patient's examination revealed the presence of Candida albicans. This examination is important to distinguish the cause of the corneal ulcer so that it can help select an adequate therapy.

Conclusion : Indonesian farmers have highrisk of fungal corneal ulcers. Fungal corneal ulcers is important cause of corneal blindness all over the world especially in develoving countries. Fungal corneal ulcers can diagnosis by slitlamp biomicroscopic examination and culture are essential for early specific diagnosis and must be taken consideratiaon to establish the most effective treatment and avoid severe complications
Nuclear Grades based on Lens Opacities Classification System III associated with Phacoemulsification Parameters and Postoperative Central Corneal Thickness
Authors: MARIA DEBORA NIKEN LARASATI  , Dicky Hermawan  , Indri Wahyuni  , Dianawati Koesoemawardhani
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction & Objectives : To determine association of nuclear cataract grades based on Lens Opacities Classification System (LOCS) III with phacoemulsification parameters and postoperative Central Corneal Thickness (CCT) and visual acuity.

Methods : This was a prospective observational study in patient with uncomplicated senile cataract who gave consent and underwent phacoemulsification. Institutional Ethics Committee clearance was taken for the study. Preoperative nuclear cataract was evaluated using Lens Opacities Classification System (LOCS) III. Only nuclear grading NO and NC was obtained. All procedures was performed using peristaltic phaco machine and in the bag IOL implantation. Phacoemulsification parameters (US Total Time and CDE) were noted and compared in different grades of cataract. CCT change was recorded at day one after surgery.

Results : Forty-six patients were evaluated. The mean USTT was 120.85 (56-252) seconds, mean CDE was 21.10 (5.70 – 43.38), and mean CCT change after surgery was 81.54(27 – 240). Nuclear grading of LOCS also had linear correlation with US Total Time (NO p<0.001, r=0.734; NC p<0.001, r=0.790) and CDE (NO p<0.001, r=0.728; NC p<0.001, r=0.685). There was significant correlation between CCT change with postoperative VA (p=0.002, r=0.443) and CDE (p<0.001, r= 0.553). CCT change also correlate with nuclear opacity (p=0.012, r=0.367) and nuclear color (p=0.035, r=0.312).

Conclusion : Nuclear grading of LOCS III related to the amount of time and energy used in phacoemulsification, and also CCT change after surgery as a qualitative measurement of corneal edema. Increasing postoperative CCT affected patient's visual acuity after cataract surgery.
EYEBALL SAVING ON UNILATERAL OCULAR TRAUMA AFTER MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIDENT: AN EMERGENCY ROOM CASE REPORT
Authors: Fatina Qonita  , Umi Yuliani
Published: February 2024

Introduction : One of the main causes of reduced or lost vision is ocular trauma. The second common cause of ocular trauma, particularly among younger people, was motor vehicle accidents (MVA).

Case Illustration : A 16-year-old female with a history of MVA was brought to the emergency room. She complained of pain with her left eye. Visual acuity was no light perception. Linear wound was found from limbus to limbus and 0.5cm beyond the limbus to medial. The lens cannot be assessed because of the prolapse of the iris and choroid, abnormal corneal and iris structures, and active hemorrhage. CT Scan showed collapsed and deformed on the left bulbi.

Discussion : In this case, initial surgery was performed by exploration and reposition of the eyeball then close the wound through primary hecting on the cornea. Following surgery, 8 days later, patient went for an eye ultrasonography checked and showed that the left globe was ruptured, along with a subcutaneous hematoma and emphysema. Even though, patient’s visual acuity improved into the stage of light perception. The left eye's follow-up examination revealed hyperemic conjunctiva, a hazy cornea with a horizontal scar-forming, and securely closed sutures. Iris seems superior, however, it was impossible to see the pupil.

Conclusion : Ocular trauma causes tremendous morbidity as well as psychological and social distress, and an economic burden. Thus, proper diagnosis and therapy are related to the prognosis of visual acuity, eye anatomy, and future complications.
Outlook of Diabetic Retinopathy Management through Universal Health Care in Indonesia from 2015 – 2020
Authors: Alfia Fatma Zaharo
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction & Objectives : To identify the National Health Expenditure associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) from the perspective of Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional [JKN].

Methods : A dataset of 1% of all individuals registered in JKN database was used from 2015 to 2020. We retrieved primary diagnosis with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (ICD-10 E11) and/or T2DM with ophthalmic complications (E11.3). Further diagnosis with DR (H36) was retrieved. Four groups of medical procedures related to DR management were developed according to Indonesian Case Base Groups (INA-CBGs): diagnostic, laser photocoagulation and cryotherapy, minor (intravitreal injection), and major surgical procedures (e.g., vitrectomy). We performed descriptive analyses for the annual costs incurred for procedures, premium classifications, and regions.

Results : Overall DR costs were US $41.5 million from 156,752 individuals with DR in JKN database sample. The total cost and per unit procedures cost specifically increased annually from 2015 to 2019 but declined substantially in 2020. The largest amount was spent on intravitreal injection ($36.3 million [87.5%]), whereas vitrectomy was the least ($145.0 million [0.3%]). Region 1 (Java Island) with non- beneficiaries of government subsidies (PBPU and PPU) was the major number of claims ($12.5 million [30.1%] and ($7.3 million [17.7%]), while beneficiaries of government subsidies (PBI) outside Java Island, conversely, were under average.

Conclusion : There was significant increase in health expenditure associated with DR in Indonesia from 2015 to 2019, but decreased in 2020 possibly due to COVID-19 pandemic. Majority of funding was spent to treat severe spectrum of DR and concerned in urban area.
THE RELATION BETWEEN SMARTPHONE USAGE IN CHANGES OF OCULAR BIOMETRY COMPONENTS AND REFRACTION AMONG ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: MARCO ANGELO LIWAN  , MARLYANTI NUR RAHMAH  , HABIBAH SETYAWATI MUHIDDIN  , FIRDAUS KASIM  , NOOR SYAMSU  , AHMAD ASHRAF AMALIUS
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction & Objectives : Digital media is currently being increasingly used in recent years. The development of the visual system begins as soon as a child is born through visual stimulation and interaction with the environment that develops comprehensively with the general development of children. Smartphone usage affects eye developmental process. Explain the effect of ocular biometry components and refraction change in elementary school children due to duration of smartphone usage

Methods :  A one-year cohort prospective study was taken on 6-8-year-old children in the selected elementary school in South Sulawesi, Indonesia divided into two groups focused on the duration of smartphone usage and its relationship to changes in ocular biometric components and refraction.

Results : The ocular biometry will develop in 6 and 12 months. The axial length, corneal diameter, keratometry, central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth increased, spherical equivalent experienced a myopic shift, while the lens thickness decreased. Smartphone usage of more 3 hours had a significant difference compared to smartphone usage less than 3 hours in changes in the axial length of the eyeballs at 6 and 12 months, spherical equivalent on examination 12 (p<0.05), while other tests were not significant (p>0.05).

Conclusion : Smartphone usage more than three hours per day will cause a significant change in ocular biometry and refraction