bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterization of
Plasmodium falciparum
blood-stage persisters by improved selection protocols using dihydroartemisinin alone
Authors: Kiboi Daniel , Sá Juliana M. , Nayak Akshaykumar , Micchelli Chiara E. , Amin Shuchi N. , Burbelo Alexander G. , Abielmona Sasha A. , Xi Brian , Mulei Lucia A. , Onchieku Noah M. , Percopo Caroline M. , Mu Jianbing , Wellems Thomas E.
Published: February 2025

Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are vital for malaria treatment, but these are threatened by blood-stage persisters—dormant forms of
Plasmodium
parasites that can survive drug exposure and cause recrudescent infections. Here, we present improved protocols for efficient preparation of pure
Plasmodium falciparum
persister populations without the need for magnetically activated columns, sorbitol exposure, or prolonged manipulations. Our protocols transformed actively replicating parasites into persister populations by exposing mixed blood-stage parasites to three or four consecutive daily 6 h pulses of 700 nM or 200 nM dihydroartemisinin (DHA). In micrographs of Giemsa-stained cells, we observed different persister morphologies: Type I persisters containing a rounded magenta-stained nucleus accompanied by a local region of blue-stained cytoplasm; and the more-prevalent Type II persisters characterized by a dark round or irregular-appearing nucleus and faded or no detectable cytoplasm. We also observed cells with disorganized nuclear and cytoplasmic structure, suggesting possible autophagic processes of destruction and remodeling. Recrudescence of actively replicating parasites to starting parasitemia or higher occurred around 17–22 days after initial DHA exposure. Differential expression patterns of the acetyl CoA carboxylase (
acc
) and skeleton binding protein 1 (
sbp1
) genes during DHA treatment, dormancy, and recrudescence highlighted the evolution of physiologic states and metabolic changes underlying persister formation and recovery. Our findings suggest hypotheses and questions for further research to understand the cellular pathways of dormancy and uncover strategies to thwart parasite survival after drug exposure.
Profiles of developmental disorder and associations with gestational age
Authors: Pettinger Katherine Jane , Blower Sarah Louise , Boyle Elaine M , Hewitt Catherine Elizabeth , Fraser Lorna K
Published: February 2025

Objective

This study aimed to examine profiles of co-occurrence of developmental disorders and their association with birth before full term.

Design

Latent class analysis of cohort data with linked health data.

Setting

Bradford, England.

Patients

13 172 children were included in the analysis.

Outcome measures

Developmental disorder in medical records.

Methods

Data were censored at each child’s 12th birthday. The latent class analysis identified patterns of developmental disorders. Multinomial logistic regression explored the association with gestational age while adjusting for clinical and socio-factors.

Results

The majority (12,536) had a low risk of developmental disorders; this group was named ‘typical development’. The remaining children were classified into three groups: ‘educational difficulties’ (347 children); ‘social, emotional, behavioural and communication difficulties’ (189 children) and ‘early developmental impairment, with physical and intellectual disabilities’ (100 children).

Compared with ‘typical development’, very preterm birth was associated with an increased likelihood of being in the ‘early developmental impairment, with physical and intellectual disabilities’ group, adjusted relative risk ratio (aRRR): 9.22 (95% CI 4.58 to 18.55). Birth before full term was associated with increased likelihood of being in the ‘educational difficulties’ group; risk was highest <34 weeks (aRRR: 2.64 (95% CI 1.44 to 4.83)) but persisted up to 37–38 weeks: aRRR: 1.41 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.81). There was no association between gestational age and the ‘social, emotional, behavioural and communication difficulties’’ group.

Conclusion

Four distinct profiles of developmental disorders were identified; gestational age was associated with two of these. Understanding which disorders children are most at risk of and how these co-occur can help provide accurate information to families and contribute to prompt diagnosis.
Gender-based violence and associated factors in communities in Uganda: data from the social innovation in health initiative
Authors: Awor Phyllis , Ahumuza Emmanuel , Namuggala Victoria Flavia , Nalwadda Christine
Published: February 2025

Background

Addressing gender-based violence (GBV) requires a contextual understanding of its associated factors. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with GBV among beneficiaries of social innovation health projects in Uganda, inorder to inform the programmes.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study with 500 participants from five social innovation projects addressing gender and health in Uganda. Modified Poisson regression analysis with robust standard errors was used for inferential statistics.

Results

Lifetime prevalence of sexual violence was 23.3% among women and 2.9% among men. The prevalence of physical violence within the last 12 months was higher among women (23.7%), compared with men (7.7%). Women engaged in subsistence farming (prevalence ratio (PR)=1.12; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.24); (PR=1.19; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.33) and those from households where men alone made decisions about major household purchases (PR=1.18; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.33); (PR=1.19; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.34) were more likely to experience sexual violence and physical violence, respectively. Women having a disability (PR=1.20; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.39) were also more likely to experience physical violence.

Conversely, women whose husbands were involved in domestic work were less likely to experience sexual violence (PR=0.84; 95% CI 0.78 to 0.90) and physical violence (PR=0.83; 95% CI 0.76 to 0.91).

Conclusion

There was high prevalence of sexual and physical violence, among women in the studied population. There is a need to strengthen and scale up targeted interventions and policies to address the identified burden and risk factors and to promote gender equality, as is undertaken by the social innovation projects described in this study.
Liver transplant assessment for hepatocellular carcinoma: a single-centre experience
Authors: Faulkes Rosemary Elizabeth , Morris Sean , Bolimowska Oliwia , Rehman Zaira , Abbas Nadir , Dasari Bobby V M , Rajoriya Neil , Shah Tahir , Shetty Shishir
Published: February 2025

Objective

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) continues to rise dramatically in the UK. Liver transplantation offers a potential cure and there is a large body of evidence demonstrating good outcomes. However, there is a paucity of data on the assessment, acceptance rates, and reasons for turning down liver transplantation in HCC.

Methods

We undertook an analysis of all patients with HCC referred for liver transplant assessment to a tertiary liver centre between January 2015 and January 2020. Patient and tumour demographics, assessment outcomes and overall survival were analysed. Multivariate analysis was performed on factors affecting listing decisions. To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, data collection was extended from March 2020 to March 2021.

Results

Of 263 patients with HCC who completed liver transplant assessment, 168 (64%) were accepted for listing. The most common factors associated with a decision not to list a patient were medical comorbidities (n=50, 56.2% of those not listed) and rapid tumour progression (n=25, 26.3%). Of patients who were listed, 145 (86.4%) received a liver transplant. Five year survival from the time of transplant assessment was 68% with transplant and 12% without.

The pandemic resulted in more patients progressing out of criteria after listing. Prepandemic median dropout per annum was 2% (0%–9%), compared with 25% during the pandemic study period.

Conclusion

This study provides outcomes on patients with HCC referred for transplant assessment, identifying factors for non-listing and confirming the negative impact of decreased transplant activity during the pandemic on waiting list dropouts for HCC patients.
Clinical characteristics and symptoms associated withMycoplasma genitaliuminfections among heterosexual men in Hanoi, Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Hoai Bac , Nguyen Huynh Dang Khoa , Pham Minh Quan , Nguyen Cao Thang , Adamson Paul C
Published: February 2025

Background

Mycoplasma genitalium(MG) is a critical pathogen of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in men, associated with high antibiotic resistance. Understanding the clinical characteristics of MG infections can improve testing and treatment guidelines.

Aims

To investigate the clinical features and characteristics of asymptomatic, acute and chronic MG infections in heterosexual males.

Methods

From January 2018 to September 2023, men diagnosed with urethral STIs using multiplex real-time PCR were enrolled into this cross-sectional study. Testing indications included males with urethritis, suspected STIs and asymptomatic screening. Based on clinical symptoms, participants were classified as acute, chronic or asymptomatic groups. An electronic-based survey was administered to assess demographic, behavioural and clinical information. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to assess for factors associated with the presence of symptoms.

Result

Among the 2102 men who have sex with women and were tested for STI, 879 records met the eligibility criteria for further analysis; MG was detected in 14.6% of the 2102 cases. Most patients presented with acute urethral symptoms (75.6%). Among men infected with MG, mono-infection accounted for 52.8%, whileChlamydia trachomatisandNeisseria gonorrhoeaeco-infections occurred in 39.3% and 21.3%, respectively. Co-infections were more prevalent among acute urethritis compared with chronic urethritis or asymptomatic groups. Multivariable analysis revealed associations between chronic symptoms with absence of urethral discharge (aOR 0.31; 95% CI 0.2 to 0.47), previous antibiotic use (aOR 6.83; 95% CI 4.47 to 10.4), marriage (aOR 1.66; 95% CI 1.09 to 2.51) and history of STIs (aOR 2.08; 95% CI 1.24 to 3.49).

Conclusion

Our study revealed a 14.6% prevalence of MG among individuals tested for STIs. Most patients presented with acute urethral symptoms, while chronic symptoms were associated with marriage, antibiotic use history and previous STIs. Routine MG screening of asymptomatic patients is not recommended, but improved access to diagnostics and further research is needed for clinical practice in low-resource settings.
Stochastic fluctuations and Brownian motion detection of gravitons
Authors: Moffat J. W.
Published: February 2025

We propose a way to detect gravitons by replicating the Brownian motion experiment. The number

$$N_g$$

N
g

of gravitons can be large enough for the stochastic gravitational noise produced by them to displace a massive test particle in a physical system, allowing for the detection of gravitons. Possible experiments to detect gravitons are proposed involving collective stochastic fluctuations due to a large number of gravitons, causing a Brownian motion displacement of a massive test body. Gravitational wave experiments involving advanced interferometer techniques and mirrors could detect the large collective number of gravitons, and could detect Brownian motion of test particles in the detectors’ component mirrors. The problem of reducing thermal and other background noise is investigated.
Dynamic Power Management Through Multi-agent Deep Reinforcement Learning for Heterogeneous Systems
Authors: Wang Yiming , Zhang Weizhe , Hao Meng , Kong Weizhi , Wen Yuan
Published: February 2025

Power management and optimization play a significant role in modern computer systems, from battery-powered devices to servers running in data centres. Existing approaches for power capping fail to meet the requirements presented by dynamic workloads, and the situation becomes even more severe, given the divergent energy efficiency of workloads on heterogeneous hardware platforms. Adaptively optimizing energy consumption for dynamic workloads presents a great challenge to heterogeneous systems. To tackle this challenge, we present a machine learning based method to improve system-level power efficiency. We employ multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MADRL) to automatically explore the relationship between long-term performance and the power budget for workloads of different types on classic CPU-GPU heterogeneous platforms. Our framework equips each device with an agent, enabling decentralized control over its power budget while maintaining centralized coordination to maximize the running time of applications within a power cap. We evaluate our approach against state-of-the-art methods on CPU-GPU platforms. Experimental results show that our method improves performance by an average of 8.5%. Additionally, our method is significantly more stable compared to the state-of-the-art heuristic approach.
Effectiveness of COSCIVOW (Contextualized Science Vocabulary Work-sheet) in The Level of Vocabulary Skills of Grade 10 Learner
Authors: Leonen Christopher A.
Published: February 2025

As a subject rich in specialized vocabulary, science requires learners to develop strong reading and comprehension skills for a deeper con-ceptual understanding. Integrating literacy strategies, such as vocabu-lary instruction, can significantly benefit students (Venida, 2021). This study aimed to enhance the science vocabulary skills of Grade 10 learn-ers using the Contextualized Science Vocabulary Worksheet (COS-CIVOW). A quasi-experimental design compared an experimental group that received COSCIVOW-based instruction with a control group taught using traditional methods. Data analysis involved mean, percentage scores, and ANOVA.Results showed that learners' vocabulary skills were rated as Satis-factory before the intervention and improved to Very Satisfactory af-terward. A significant difference was observed between pre-and post-intervention vocabulary skills, indicating the effectiveness of COS-CIVOW. The findings suggest that COSCIVOW effectively encourages learners to engage with and understand science vocabulary, leading to improved language skills. Therefore, the researchers recommend in-corporating COSCIVOW in science instruction to enhance learners' vo-cabulary proficiency. They also advocate for its adoption in the Division of La Union to support broader educational improvement.
Cross-Cultural Perspectives of Southeast Asian Countries on Physical Education Curriculum: A Scoping Review
Authors: Catahan Gideon L. , Mangulabnan Leslie P. , Visda Vincent Brian L. , Perez Decerie C. , Tolentino Julius Ceazar G.
Published: February 2025

The physical education curriculum varies across cultures worldwide, with this scoping review focusing specifically on Southeast Asia. The study aims to analyze published research that highlights how South-east Asian nations perceive the physical education curriculum, as well as the challenges they face in this field. The findings are evaluat-ed to identify practices and strategies that neighboring countries might adopt to address local challenges. Additionally, the review serves as a basis for assessing the current state of relations among the countries in the region. The scoping review follows the frame-work proposed by Arksey and O’Malley, encompassing stages from formulating research questions to summarizing findings obtained through data charting. The results indicate that Southeast Asian countries are committed to improving their physical education cur-ricula, consistently investing in planning and implementation. How-ever, the challenges vary across nations, ranging from limited tech-nological advancements to issues in curriculum design and execu-tion. Analyzing existing literature reveals strategies that could help countries overcome local obstacles. Sharing these insights has the potential to strengthen regional collaboration and contribute to the overall development of the physical education curriculum in South-east Asia.
Analyzing the Impact of Family Dynamics on Juvenile Delinquency among Senior High School Students
Authors: Daria Shiela Andria T. , Dela Cruz Ana Marie V. , Samson Edilyn M. , Sevilla Marielle L. , Mobo Froilan D. , Villa Elizabeth B.
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the link between family dynamics and juve-nile delinquency among Filipino senior high school students. Intact families were associated with greater emotional stability and less delinquency than single-parent or adoptive families; however, strong parental support and communication mitigated negative out-comes in non-traditional families. Family conflict significantly pre-dicted negative outcomes (stress, instability, academic struggles, delinquency). High parental involvement, especially in academics, was associated with positive outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of supportive family environments and underscore the need for family-focused interventions and policies to prevent juve-nile delinquency.
Revisiting The Community and Service Oriented Policing (CSOP) System: Basis for Sustainable Peace and Order
Authors: De Lana Darius Carreon , -De Lana Marites Reyes , Dausan Alrien Francisco , Villa Elizabeth B.
Published: February 2025

The aimed of this study was to revisit the community and service-oriented policing (CSOP) system for sustainable peace and order. This study used survey methods in conjunction with descriptive study design. Police Stations 6 and 13 in the barangays of Batasan Hills, Commonwealth, and Payatas were used for the locale of the study. The study only looked at the age, gender, marital status, high-est level of schooling, classification, place of assignment for PNP members, and address of barangay officials and residents of the people who answered the survey. In the study of Martinez (2019) provided a survey questionnaire that was used as the research in-strument in this study. They used the mean and Pearson-r Correla-tion to examine the data. Three groups of respondents were asked to rate how well the Community and Service-Oriented Policing (CSOP) System strategies were being put into action. The strategies were evaluated in terms of how well they supported local chief ex-ecutives (LCEs), how well they provided police services, and how well they worked with the community. Out of the 279 people who willingly answered the survey, 267 were found. Some went through Google Forms, while others were given hard copies. The Philippine National Police started to work together with mayors, local chief executives, and the people who live in the area to improve the way they provide police services thus, local chief executives are in full support to the implementation of the community and service-oriented policing system as they are regularly coordinating with the provincial/regional office of the National Police Commission, they are ready to give funds as their support to the implementation of the community and service-oriented policing for the betterment of their constituents in the municipality/city as these were based on the problems that people in the community had pointed out.
Esoterismo e democracia: alguns esclarecimentos
Authors: Vasconcelos Francisco Thiago Rocha
Published: February 2025

O texto que ora traduzimos, originalmente uma palestra, é uma contribuição fundamental para o entendimento histórico e sociológico do esoterismo e sua relação com a política. Wouter Haanegraff, professor de História da Universidade de Amsterdã e primeiro presidente da Sociedade Europeia para o Estudo do Esoterismo Ocidental (ESSWE), apresenta uma síntese didática acerca das dificuldades de conceituar o esoterismo e levá-lo à sério como objeto de estudo. Os desafios iniciam pela própria característica do esoterismo: um conhecimento rejeitado pelo “eurocentrismo interno” ao Ocidente; recusado como o avesso do racional e do público, em especial desde as teses fundamentais e condenatórias da Escola de Frankfurt sobre o tema. Haanegraff elabora questionamentos sobre como a desqualificação do esoterismo, como uma história oculta, faz parte de uma visão seletiva sobre os próprios contornos do Ocidente, que conduziu a uma exclusão de saberes e religiosidades, incluindo o Islamismo, como parte da história ocidental. Mas o esoterismo é, em si mesmo, a causa de problemas para a democracia? À essa questão, Haanegraff propõe uma perspectiva crítica dos esoterismos de direita emergentes na política atual - Tradicionalismo, neopaganismo e conspiritualidade -, mas, ao mesmo tempo, de maneira pertinente, direciona a causalidade dos problemas democráticos não ao esoterismo em si, mas à hegemonia do neoliberalismo e suas consequências.
As Jornadas de 2013 no Pará: a socialização política de jovens militantes
Authors: Felizardo Junior Luiz Carlos , Costa Crisolita Gonçalves dos Santos , Silva Josefa Alexandrina da
Published: February 2025

Este artigo analisa as Jornadas de 2013 no Pará como parte de um ciclo global de protestos, integrando os resultados da terceira fase da pesquisa nacional “NOME DA PESQUISA”. A partir da análise das especificidades regionais e das experiências de jovens militantes, destacamos aspectos comuns e particulares do movimento. Teoricamente, retomamos as conceituações de dialética da juventude (Groppo), subjetivação política (Rancière), e socialização política (Tomizaki). As entrevistas semiestruturadas com militantes e uma pesquisadora local ressaltam a relevância das pautas interseccionais e a participação nas Jornadas como parte da socialização política.
“A gente se uniu pela dor”: coletivos de mães e práticas de (re)existência frente à violência de estado no Ceará
Authors: Rodrigues Jéssica Silva , Barros João Paulo Pereira , Gomes Carla Jéssica de Araújo , Araújo Levi de Freitas Costa , Boutala Ana Thais de Albuquerque Norões , Penha Antonio Caio Renan Silva
Published: February 2025

Este artículo tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre cómo la actuación en colectivos sociales opera como un dispositivo de re-existencia frente a la violencia del Estado. Se trata de una investigación-inter(in)vención, realizada junto a mujeres integrantes de colectivos políticos organizados de Ceará, más específicamente “Mães do Curió” y “Vozes do Sistema Socioeducativo e Prisional”. Durante la investigación, además de la participación en movilizaciones sociales de estos colectivos, se entrevistaron a tres mujeres. Dialogando con autoras y autores de la Psicología Social y pensadoras feministas, principalmente con un enfoque interseccional y/o de(s)colonial, en la sección de resultados se evidencia cómo la actuación en colectivos políticos actúa como un dispositivo de apoyo psicosocial para estas madres, que en el caso de los colectivos acompañados, tuvieron a sus hijos asesinados o encarcelados por el Estado, posibilitando una forma diferente de lidiar con sus dolores y duelos.
Medical, Surgical, and Interventional Management of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Massera Daniele , Sherrid Mark V. , Scheinerman Joshua A. , Swistel Daniel G. , Razzouk Louai
Published: February 2025

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a common but underrecognized cardiac disorder characterized by a heterogenous phenotype that includes increased left ventricular thickness, outflow obstruction, diastolic dysfunction, and arrhythmia. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is often heritable and associated with pathogenic variants in sarcomeric genes. While not curable, an integrated approach involving medical, interventional, and surgical care can have a considerable impact on disease burden, quality of life, and mortality. This review provides a practical overview of important topics in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, including evaluation of differential diagnosis, imaging, provocation of left ventricular outflow obstruction, treatment of obstructive and nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with negative inotropic therapy and myosin inhibition, as well as surgical and interventional approaches to septal reduction and mitral valve intervention.
Prenatal Psychosocial Stressors and Blood Pressure Across 4 Years Postpartum
Authors: Pardo Noelle , Eckel Sandrah P. , Niu Zhongzheng , Habre Rima , Yang Tingyu , Chen Xinci , Vigil Mario , Grubbs Brendan , Al-Marayati Laila , Lurvey Nathana , Toledo-Corral Claudia , Johnston Jill , Dunton Genevieve , Breton Carrie , Bastain Theresa M. , Farzan Shohreh F.
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

Psychosocial stress is a cardiovascular risk factor; however, little is known about whether prenatal psychosocial stressors influence postpartum cardiovascular health. We aimed to examine the associations of multiple measures of prenatal psychosocial stress on maternal blood pressure (BP) in the first 4 years after birth.

METHODS:

Among 225 MADRES cohort (Maternal and Developmental Risks From Environmental and Social Stressors) participants, we examined associations of average prenatal Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scores, and second-trimester neighborhood social cohesion scores on systolic and diastolic BP collected at annual postpartum study visits (1–4 years) using linear mixed-effects models, adjusted for covariates.

RESULTS:

Higher prenatal PSS and CES-D scores were associated with greater diastolic BP at 1 year postpartum (0.24 [95% CI, 0.01–0.46] and 0.24 [95% CI, 0.08–0.40] mm Hg per 1-unit higher PSS and CES-D, respectively) and greater systolic BP (0.25 [95% CI, 0.02–0.48] mm Hg per 1-unit higher CES-D). Overall associations of PSS and CES-D with BP were attenuated over the 4-year postpartum period (
P
<0.05). Stratified analyses suggested larger associations of PSS and CES-D among US-born participants and participants with normotensive pregnancies. While neighborhood social cohesion was not associated with postpartum BP overall, higher neighborhood social cohesion scores were associated with lower BP at 1 year postpartum among participants with normotensive pregnancies and lower systolic BP among foreign-born Hispanic participants.

CONCLUSIONS:

Higher prenatal perceived stress and depressive symptoms were associated with greater 1-year postpartum BP, whereas neighborhood cohesion was associated with lower 1-year postpartum BP. These results suggest prenatal psychosocial factors may impact cardiovascular health within the first year after birth.
The Distinctiveness of Regional International Organization Law
Authors: Chalmers Damian
Published: February 2025

This article argues that there is a distinct regional international organization law which derives from that law’s concern with the institution, management and cultivation of qualities identified with regions. This concern gives this law four qualities. First, it seeks to institute the region into being, with the region identified as somewhere that combines a place and a mission-based association. Secondly, it characterises regions as fissile so that the provision of trust and security are central features of this law. Thirdly, it sees emancipation and solidarity as central ideals of both the region and its Member States. Fourly, this law contains an account of national inadequacy. This essay concludes by arguing for inclusion of a fifth quality, an account of regional inadequacy. This would problematise more extensively both what the regional international organization does and the concentrations of power it often facilitates.
Regional International Organizations and Regionalism in the Theory of International Law
Authors: Fernandes Carvalho Fabia
Published: February 2025

This article explores the relationship between international law and space with particular attention to regionalism. Focusing on theoretical debates in the discipline, it will examine the interplay between regionalism and Regional International Organizations and the universal character of international law, re-describing central theoretical legal issues concerning this relationship. Regionalism will be assessed as one form of spatial ordering in international law. Regional order is an international legal notion that contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the politics of space and the processes of production, organization and distribution of power, resources and identities in a particular region. In this setting, changes in the spatial focus while employing theoretical interrogations in the discipline are productive ways to make sense of the diverse modes of engagement with international law in different regions worldwide.
Regional Organizations in International Law: Exploring the Function-Territory Divide
Authors: Brölmann Catherine
Published: February 2025

Regional international organizations have a problematic image among international lawyers (in contrast to IR scholars and international practitioners generally). In this paper I argue how this is due not to a systemic problem but rather to an ideological tension in international law. While according to received knowledge states are based on ‘territory’ and organizations are based on ‘function,’ it is true that the legal identity of regional organizations appears to have an uneasy combination of both. Yet, the contrasting notions of ‘territory’ and ‘function’ relate especially to the legal origin of states and organizations. The contrast does not as such ruffle the general mechanisms of international law. What is difficult, on the other hand, is to square the territorial (in truth geographical) dimension of regional organizations with the universalist aspirations of international law and with the claims of functionalist, a-political neutrality projected onto international organizations. Regional organizations challenge the vision of a universally applicable body of law as well as the vision of a world without territorial boundaries, where authority is segmented by specific issues or ‘functions.’ This ideological challenge is arguably a prime reason for the limited presence of regional organizations in international law narratives and in international (institutional) law scholarship.
Towards an Integrated Approach to Water
Authors: Higgins Paul , Seid-Green Ya'el , Miller Andy , Blum Annalise
Published: February 2025

This study is the culmination of a 3-year AMS Policy Program project to advance the integrated consideration of water—the full accounting of water for prediction, risk assessment, and risk management of weather and climate risks. It recapitulates and synthesizes three prior analyses: 1) Understanding the Water Landscape of the United States: A Review of Science & Policy Recommendations; 2) Water & the Coasts: Opportunity, Vulnerability, & Risk Management, a study based on two workshops that explored regional challenges in the gulf coast, west coast, atlantic coast, and the great lakes; and 3) Opportunities for Forecast-Informed Water Resources Management, based on a workshop that brought together forecasters and resource managers from around the country.
Predictive factors for functional improvement and assessment of outcomes in CKD patients after PCNL
Authors: Navriya Shivcharan , Singh Vikram , Sharma Kartik , Bhirud Deepak Prakash , Singh Mahendra , Choudhary Gautam Ram , Sandhu Arjun Singh
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Patients with urinary stone disease may present with CKD. The incidence of developing end stage renal disease (ESRD) in patients with renal calculi is 0.2%–3.2%. In the present study we aim to discuss outcomes of PCNL in CKD patients.

Materials and Methods:

This was a prospective observational study done, from January 2023 to March 2024. Data of 96 CKD patients with renal stones who underwent standard PCNL were recorded. Patients were followed up with urinalysis, serum creatinine and ultrasound KUB. Preoperative eGFR were compared with eGFR 36 months follow up. Patients were divided into two groups. Group 1- improved and group 2- stable or worsened disease since the final follow up visit.

Observations and Results:

After PCNL renal function improvement was seen in 52 (54%) patients that is, Group I & in 44 (46%) patients it was stable or declined that is, Group II. In Group I, mean preoperative eGFR was 41.13 ± 14.23 ml/min/m2 which improved to 46.91 ± 12.14. In Group II mean preoperative eGFR was 37.14 ± 12.32 which declined to 33.17 ± 12.57. The statistically significant factor decreasing the efficacy of PCNL in CKD patients were presence of co morbidities (Hypertension, DM; p = 0.007), staghorn stones ( p = 0.001), history of previous renal surgery ( p = 0.001), operation time > 100 min ( p < 0.0001), post PCNL stone free status( p < 0.0001), and Complications( p = 0.03). After 6 months follow up 8 patients in Group I shifted from CKD stage 4 to CKD stage 3 and four patients in group II shifted from CKD stage 3 to CKD stage 4.

Conclusion:

Factors like presence of comorbidities, staghorn calculus, previous surgery operative time and post operative complications affects improvement of renal function in CKD patients after stone clearance.
Burnout status of Japanese healthcare workers and the association with medical errors: A 1-year follow-up
Authors: Trinh Tien Dat , Tran Quyen An , Nguyen Thanh Luan , Nguyen Thi Hong Hanh , Watanabe Ryo , Tsuno Kanami
Published: February 2025

Background

Burnout and medical errors are the most prevalent issues affecting health and life outcomes among healthcare professionals.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal association between burnout and medical errors in healthcare workers in Japan.

Methods

We conducted a prospective cohort study involving 539 healthcare workers from January 2017 to January 2018. Burnout was evaluated using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS), which included exhaustion, cynicism, and professional efficacy dimensions. Medical errors during the previous year were measured by self-assessment at follow-up. Multivariate modified Poisson regressions estimated the association between baseline burnout and follow-up medical errors.

Results

In the age and sex-adjusted model, overall burnout was significantly associated with medical errors ( p = 0.008). Participants with high burnout levels exhibited a greater risk of medical errors than those with low or moderate levels (RR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.05–1.35). Exhaustion and cynicism correlated significantly with medical errors ( p < 0.05). High or moderate levels of exhaustion and cynicism were associated with elevated risks of medical errors (RR = 1.31 [95% CI: 1.10–1.55]; 1.25 [1.02–1.53]), (RR = 1.31 [95% CI: 1.13–1.53]; 1.20 [1.03–1.41]), compared to low-level counterparts, respectively.

Conclusion

Healthcare workers who experience burnout may be at an increased risk for medical errors.
Stem Cell–Based Therapies via Different Administration Route for Stroke: A Meta-analysis of Comparative Studies
Authors: Mulia Gabriella Jeanne , Anna Novelia , Wu John Chung-Che , Ma Hon-Ping , Chiang Yung-Hsiao , Ou Ju-Chi , Chen Kai-Yun
Published: February 2025

Stroke, a neurological condition from compromised cerebral blood perfusion, remains a major global cause of mortality and disability. Conventional therapies like tissue plasminogen activator are limited by narrow therapeutic windows and potential adverse effects, highlighting the urgency for novel treatments. Stem cell–based therapies, with their neuroprotective and regenerative properties, present a promising yet highly diverse alternative. By conducting literature search and data extraction from the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases, this meta-analysis assessed the clinical efficacy and safety of stem cell–based therapies administered via intravenous (IV) and non-IV routes in 17 studies with stroke patients. Primary outcomes included the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Barthel Index (BI), and modified Rankin Scale (mRS), while secondary outcomes included mortality and adverse events. Results demonstrated significant improvements in NIHSS, BI, and mRS scores, particularly in non-IV groups within 6- and 12-month follow-ups, suggesting delayed but enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Mortality was reduced in both IV and non-IV groups, indicating treatment safety. Adverse events, categorized into neurological and systemic complications, showed no significant differences between intervention and control groups, further emphasizing the safety of stem cell therapies. Non-IV routes showed more long-term benefits, potentially due to enhanced cell delivery and integration. These findings demonstrate the potential of stem cell therapies to improve functional recovery and survival in stroke patients, regardless of administration route. However, the delayed response underscores the need for extended follow-up in clinical applications. Further research is required to standardize treatment protocols, optimize cell types and doses, and address patient-specific factors to integrate stem cell therapies into routine clinical practice.
Dynamic evaluation of vertebral alveolar echinococcosis using MR T2 mapping
Authors: Han Jinhuan , Chang Yushan , Guo Hui
Published: February 2025

Objective

To explore the diagnostic value of MR T2 mapping in monitoring and evaluating the rabbit vertebral model with Echinococcus multilocularis infection.

Materials and methods

24 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into the experimental group ( n = 16), saline control group ( n = 4), and blank control group ( n = 4). The experimental group underwent surgery to drill holes on the surface of the spinous process of the 12th thoracic vertebra, fill it with a gelatin sponge, and adsorb multilocular hydatid suspension. The saline control group received an operation with saline, and the blank control group did not receive any intervention. The model rabbits were dynamically evaluated by routine MRI and MR T2 mapping once a month after surgery, 6 times. Two rabbits with positive imaging results were randomly selected every 2 months for histopathological examination to evaluate the severity and pathological features of the rabbit model with Echinococcus multilocular infection.

Results

There was no significant difference in the T2 mapping values between the diseased vertebrae and the undiseased vertebrae in the experimental group at the 1st month after surgery ( t = 1.7, p = .119), and the differences were statistically significant at the 2nd to 6th month after surgery ( p < .05). In the 1st and 2nd months after an operation, there was no significant difference in T2 values between the vertebrae of the saline control group, the blank control group, and the experimental group. In the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth months after surgery, the vertebrae of the experimental group were compared with that of the saline control group and the blank control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( p < .05). There was no significant difference in T2 mapping values every month after surgery between the saline control group and the blank control group ( p > .05).

Conclusion

The MR T2 mapping technique can quantitatively evaluate the changes of vertebral alveolar echinococcosis, and it shows sensitivity to pathological changes in vertebrae prior to detectable damage using conventional MRI; this offers potential for early detection of vertebral alveolar echinococcosis.
Health-related risk factors for subsequent work disability: A systematic literature review
Authors: Kalski Linda , Claußen Lars , Hofmann Maja A , Wolfarth Bernd
Published: February 2025

Background

Work disability is a major public health challenge, with various health conditions leading to long-term sickness and early retirement, placing a substantial burden on individuals and society.

Objective

This systematic review aimed to identify key health-related risk factors for work disabilities, highlighting the importance of early prevention strategies.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted in 06/2023 using MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE via OVID, and CINAHL via Cochrane Library Trials. Two independent reviewers screened abstracts and reviewed full-text articles describing risk factors for work disabilities. Data extraction followed PRISMA guidelines, with the databases searched using synonymous keywords for “risk factors” and “work disability”.

Results

Of the 61,872 articles identified, 17 met the inclusion criteria. The studies identified several health-related risk factors leading to work disabilities. The most frequently reported conditions were common mental disorders and musculoskeletal disorders, often leading to short- or long-term sick leave. The review highlighted that health-related risk factors frequently co-occur and interact, suggesting that work disability is rarely due to a single factor. The quality of the included studies varied, and many relied on self-reported data, which can introduce bias.

Conclusion

(Chronic) conditions, particularly mental and musculoskeletal disorders, are significant risk factors for work disability. Primary and secondary prevention measures, such as rehabilitation are crucial to mitigate the need for disability retirement. Future research should focus on prospective cohort studies and a thorough scientific investigation of potential intervention factors to provide decision-makers with information on cost-effective prevention programs. Prospero ID: CRD42023422118
An Investigation of Worker Preference for Cardboard Box Handle Designs in Grocery Store
Authors: Ha Jiyeon , Lee Kyung-Sun , Lee Jinwon , Hwang Jaejin
Published: February 2025

This article examines how different handle designs on packaging boxes impact grocery store workers’ comfort, ease of use, and safety. The study investigates the most common box sizes and handle types in South Korean grocery stores, and then surveys workers on their preferences for various handle designs. Key findings indicate that workers favor handles positioned at middle and upper levels with no tilt, as these designs reduce the risk of strain. These insights highlight the importance of ergonomic handle design to improve worker comfort and reduce musculoskeletal injuries in manual handling tasks.
More than Snuggles: The Effect of Paid Family Leave on Infant Maltreatment
Authors: Bullinger Lindsey Rose , Raissian Kerri M. , Klika Bart , Merrick Melissa , Thibodeau Eric
Published: February 2025

Child maltreatment is a pervasive problem in the United States with significant economic, health, and human capital consequences. Children under age one experience the highest rates of child abuse and neglect and the greatest likelihood of fatality from maltreatment, including shaken baby syndrome. Publicly-funded paid family leave (PFL) programs in the U.S. have been found to improve risk factors for maltreatment including increased parental time investments in children, better maternal and child health, and household income protection in the months surrounding a birth. We examine whether state PFL programs in the U.S. affect infant maltreatment. Using administrative data on child maltreatment reports to Child Protective Services (CPS), we compare reports of infants under age 1 in PFL states to reports of infants in non-PFL states before and after PFL was implemented. We find that PFL reduced reports of infant maltreatment by about 14 percent, and home removals by about 46 percent. We also observe fewer substantiated reports by about 22 percent. These results imply PFL has spillovers to the child welfare system that should be accounted for.
Soundscape research in wind farms: A state-of-art review
Authors: Xu Xinyan , Tong Huan , Kang Jian
Published: February 2025

As energy and environmental issues continue to increase, wind power is being promoted worldwide as a sustainable energy source. As more wind farms are designed and put into operation, the impact of wind power on individuals is beginning to become a matter of concern, especially in terms of acoustics. Thus, research into the soundscape of wind farms and wind turbines has recently begun to develop. This article presents a review of wind power soundscape research. The main objective of this review is to investigate the current scope of soundscape research in the field of wind turbines. Hopefully, more attention will be given to the soundscape of wind power environments, which in turn will contribute to the design and management of wind power environments and surrounding habitats. The criteria for the selection of articles were as follows: first, the studies were in line with the theme of wind farm acoustics research; second, the authors conducted laboratory experiments or community survey and recorded relevant subjective evaluation data. Some of the studies, although fitting the theme of soundscape research, focused mainly on ‘noise' and did not mention ‘soundscape'. Thus, two separate strings were used in the search process through the Scopus database and Web of science database, one of which used ‘noise'/ ‘sound' and ‘perception'/ ‘annoyance' instead of ‘soundscape'. Of the 826 results obtained, 31 studies were selected based on article content and selection criteria. By reviewing these articles, this review found that current research related to the soundscape study of wind farms is still lacking, with more researchers focussing on wind power noise and its effects on the physical and psychological health of residents rather than on the influence of the integrated acoustic environment and context of wind farms on residents' perception. The questionnaire is the most commonly used method for collecting subjective acoustic perceptions in existing research. A-weighted SPL and Lden are widely used to describe the loudness of wind power noise, but no studies have yet identified the acoustic indicators that have the most significant impact on subjective emotional perceptions. Meanwhile, according to existing literature, objective factors of the environment, such as the topography of the wind farm, weather and time of day, influence human acoustic perception through vision and hearing to some degree. Moreover, based on the current status and major research methods, this review proposed suggestions in terms of participant selection and data collection methods and emphasised the importance of laboratory experiments and the development of wind power acoustics research on a global scale.
Preparation and characterization of sustainable plant-based blended woven fabric
Authors: Jabbar Mariam , Iftikhar Fatima , Hussain Tanveer , Ahmad Sheraz , Ahmad Faheem
Published: February 2025

This study explores the potential of utilizing natural fibers, including flax, hemp, banana, jute, and sisal, as alternatives to cotton in textile manufacturing as no one has compared the blends of these fibers with cotton under identical conditions. The study aims to address environmental issues in cotton cultivation by using two blend ratios (80:20 and 60:40) of cotton and alternative natural fibers to create yarns and woven fabrics. The fabrics were then dyed and treated with softener and bio polish to assess how these treatments affect mechanical and thermphysiological comfort properties of the fabrics. The results indicated that higher cotton blends exhibited increased tensile and tear strength, with the cotton/sisal blend achieving a maximum tensile strength of 289 N, while the cotton/flax blend displayed the highest tear strength at 11.5 N. Softener and biopolish treatments improved the Relative Hand Value (RHV) by 20% and 30%, respectively. Fabric composition predominantly influences drape properties and resilience scores, with the cotton/banana blend showing drape values and the cotton/flax blend demonstrating resilience scores that are closer to those of pure cotton than other blends. Additionally, the fabric composition improved the air permeability of the samples, with the cotton/banana blend showing the greatest increase, reaching 483 mm/s. The cotton/jute blend exhibited the highest water vapor permeability at 98, while the cotton/sisal and cotton/hemp blends demonstrated moisture management properties with values of 0.76.