bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ECONOMIC RELATIONS OF ASEAN (INDONESIA) + CHINA AFTER AIIB
Authors: Saputra M. Dudi Hari
Published: November 2019

This paper purpose is to predict Economic Relations of ASEAN(Indonesia) + China After AIIB (the Asian InfrastructureInvestment Bank), answering economic crisis questioned that hitthe United States and the European Union in 2009 and is still inthe recovery process until now, and has made many of Asiancountries particularly East Asia such as China began adiversification of market and investment destination and increaseeconomic cooperation to the other regions (ASEAN), particularlyIndonesia. Therefore, at first, this paper tries to analyze Chinaeconomic relations with Indonesia. Second, the effective rate ofChina trade and investment in Indonesia. Third, prediction ofIndonesia and China economic situation after AIIB cooperation.Indonesia relate governance with national policy, which will becorrelated with the level of supranational/regionalintergovernmental (regionalism and integration) which aims,among others; financial sector to stimulate research anddevelopment, increase the spread of technology, reducingmanagerial differences in running the business and implementinga system to change for the better.
SOUTH CHINA SEA DISPUTE
Authors: Prawira Muhammad Rizky
Published: November 2019

During the past decade, China has been striving for a more prominent status in the international community. In doing so, China undertook several measures that indicate its willingness to become a supportive collaborator in the international politics, including taking a part in the Six Party Talks regarding to the North Korean nuclear issue as well as striving for the Market Economy Status (MES). However, the recent development of the South China Sea dispute seems to show a contrasting circumstance. As one of the claimant states, China showed a fairly aggressive gesture in expanding and exploiting the disputed territory. Recently, China even declared a refusal against the verdict from the international law which stated that China had no legal base in claiming the territory. This situation sparked a puzzle as the non-compliance against the international law seemed to be violating China�s on- going efforts to win the broader acceptance in the international community. Thus, using two different perspectives, namely structural realism and social constructivism, this study analyses puzzle and finds the contextual relevance behind China�s non- compliance policy. The overall findings show that the rational interest of pursuing the hegemony in the disputed region becomes the primary goal that China is pursuing beyond the interest of adhering to the international law.
Volunteer Use and Nonuse Values, Satisfaction, And Future Engagement in a Sport Event
Authors: Mahadevan Renuka
Published: November 2019

This study examines the influence of use and nonuse values on volunteers' satisfaction and their continued future engagement in a sports event. Using the case study of the Arctic Winter Games, evidence showed that nonuse values have a higher impact on satisfaction but use values outweigh
nonuse values' direct influence on the intention to volunteer again due to the strong mediating effect of satisfaction in the effect of nonuse values on intention to volunteer again. Some of these effects were significantly different based on gender, first-time volunteers, and the younger
generation. Both use and nonuse values had greater impact on satisfaction for the indigenous than nonindigenous group. The results point to the new potential for using use and nonuse values to target different groups to continue volunteering.
On the Source Position and Duration of a Solar Type III Radio Burst Observed by LOFAR
Authors: Zhang PeiJin , Yu SiJie , Kontar Eduard P. , Wang ChuanBing
Published: November 2019

The flux of solar type III radio bursts have a time profile of rising and decay phases at a given frequency, which has been actively studied since the 1970s. Several factors that may influence the duration of a type III radio burst have been proposed. In this work, to study the dominant cause of the duration, we investigate the source positions of the front edge, the peak, and the tail edge in the dynamic spectrum of a single and clear type III radio burst. The duration of this type III burst at a given frequency is about 3 s for decameter wave. The beam-formed observations by the LOw-Frequency ARray are used, which can provide the radio source positions and the dynamic spectra at the same time. We find that, for this burst, the source positions of the front edge, the peak, and the tail edge split with each other spatially. The radial speed of the electrons exciting the front edge, the peak, and the tail edge is 0.42c, 0.25c, and 0.16c, respectively. We estimate the influences of the corona density fluctuation and the electron velocity dispersion on the duration, and the scattering effect by comparison with a few short-duration bursts from the same region. The analysis yields that, in the frequency range of 30–41 MHz, the electron velocity dispersion is the dominant factor that determines the time duration of type III radio bursts with long duration, while scattering may play an important role in the duration of short bursts.
First record of the land gastropod genus Otesiopsis from South Korea (Helicarionoidea Bourguignat, 1877)
Authors: Kimura Kazuki , Chiba Satoshi , Pak Jae-Hong
Published: November 2019

Otesiopsis Habe, 1946 is a land snail genus, which is known so far from Japan and Taiwan. Individuals of this genus were collected from Gageodo Island, South Korea. This is the first record of the genus Otesiopsis from this country. The individuals from Gageodo Island appear to be a new species because of their unique shell morphologies, while the details of their anatomy are still lacking. Further studies are encouraged to investigate the taxonomic and conservation status of the genus Otesiopsis in South Korea.
All Blacks et Guerriers du Pacifique dans la presse rugby : entre assignation identitaire et culture promotionnelle globale du rugby français
Authors: Charlot Vincent
Published: November 2019

Le rugby d’élite français connaît une internationalisation massive de ses effectifs. Parmi le contingent d’athlètes étrangers évoluant dans les clubs de Top 14, les joueurs néo-zélandais et ceux issus des îles du Pacifique Sud bénéficient d’un statut particulier construit autour de caractéristiques morphologiques, techniques et identitaires. Le cas du club de la Section paloise illustre cette situation. À travers l’analyse du discours journalistique sur ces joueurs et leur rôle central dans la communication externe du club, l’article vise à objectiver la stratégie de promotion globale du rugby professionnel français.
L’intimité militante sur Youtube : la visibilité médiatique au service de la libération sexuelle
Authors: Balleys Claire
Published: November 2019

Nous nous intéressons à une forme de militantisme en ligne aux caractéristiques nouvelles et à la diffusion fulgurante : les vlogs intimistes qui problématisent la sexualité dans un but de changement social. Cette catégorie de vlogs semble configurer un nouveau type de féminisme : juvénile, créé et diffusé entre pairs, profondément ancré dans l’expérience intime, en particulier sexuelle. Grâce à la visibilité médiatique acquise sur YouTube, des jeunes femmes éduquées mais amatrices luttent pour la libération sexuelle des femmes et des hommes, faisant de la plateforme un espace de critique sociale et de dénonciation des normes de genre. Thématisant la sexualité à partir d’un dialogue entre expérience intime, format collaboratif et savoirs experts, ces vlogs ont pour vocation « d’être utiles », de faire « passer un message » et de combler ce qui est perçu comme un manque institutionnel. C’est l’articulation entre la visibilité médiatique acquise par ces vidéos, la légitimité accordée par les publics et la force symbolique de l’intimité mise en scène et thématisée qui en fait des supports de formation et de diffusion de l’opinion.
Quand l’Université rend hommage à « ses » morts…
Authors: Boure Robert
Published: November 2019

Écrire ou dire la mort d’un pair dont la vie professionnelle est « exemplaire » au regard des critères dominants, c’est rendre le défunt présent dans la mémoire de ceux qui restent et dans celle des institutions académiques. Mais les nécrologies, à travers leurs différentes formes, sont aussi des discours distinctifs vis-à-vis de l’extérieur et de l’intérieur du monde académique, ainsi que l’expression d’une sociabilité professionnelle et d’un entre-soi. Cependant, distinction et entre-soi n’excluent pas nécessairement l’universalité. Les nécrologies offrent un éclairage particulier sur le fonctionnement des institutions académiques, les pratiques sociales et les représentations des universitaires, ainsi que sur la manière dont ces derniers construisent la mémoire collective.
Proposition méthodologique pour comprendre les relations de communication en situation d’expertise
Authors: Feryn Mathieu
Published: November 2019

Dans le cadre d’une réflexion menée sur les expériences des acteurs arbitrant, au sein des dispositifs sociotechniques, sur les qualités dans les réseaux jazzistiques français, nous proposons un pluralisme méthodologique pour analyser les médiations et les conventions culturelles agissant au cours du processus d’expertise. Ayant pour objectif de comprendre les principes accordés aux prix et aux performances depuis le début des années 2000, l’article contribue à clarifier les enjeux de l’axiologie de l’information jazzistique, mobilisés par les individus au sein de ces dispositifs. Nous proposons des outils expérimentaux qui permettent de décrire les multiples relations de communication qui existent entre ces derniers et les objets techniques au cours des pratiques jazzistiques. En tenant compte des discours réalisés individuellement et collectivement. L’un des principaux résultats de cette recherche est que les usagers, les experts et les profanes développent une série d’interactions dans des espaces hétérogènes de façon imprévisible au cours de leurs vies. Ce résultat implique qu’ils n’ont pas besoin de savoirs extraordinaires pour agir et qu’ils réinventent en permanence les catégories au cœur de leurs évaluations. Ils développent leurs expertises au sein de réseaux plus ou moins étendus.
Climate Conditions and Biodiversity Decline
Authors: Rathoure Ashok K. , Patel Unnati Rajendrakumar
Published: November 2019

Many studies in recent years have investigated the effects of climate change on the future of biodiversity. In this chapter, the authors first examined the different possible effects of climate change that can operate at individual, population, species, community, ecosystem, notably showing that species can respond to climate challenges by shifting their climatic change. Climate change is one of the most important global environmental challenges that affect all the natural ecosystems of the world. Due to the fragile environment, mountain ecosystems are the most vulnerable to the impact of climate change. Climatic change will affect vegetation, humans, animals, and ecosystem that will impact on biodiversity. Mountains have been recognized as important ecosystems by the Convention on Biological Diversity. Climate change will not only threaten the biodiversity, but also affect the socio-economic condition of the indigenous people of the state. Various activities like habitat loss, deforestation, and exploitation amplify the impact of climate change on biodiversity.
Mobile Advert's Contextual Consistency
Authors: Liu Yi , Tan Chuan-Hoo , Sutanto Juliana
Published: November 2019

How adverts can be better displayed to attract more click-throughs has been enduringly debated, and mixed findings have been reported regarding the effectiveness of contextual consistency. This study reconciles prior debates by anchoring on the load theory of selective attention to propose that user response to contextually consistent adverts is dependent on their intra-page and inter-page positional display. In collaboration with a European mobile application company, adverts were randomly displayed in its location-based mobile social networking application. The follow-up think-aloud protocol analysis, conducted to collect qualitative feedback from users, validates the theoretical assumptions. The findings reveal that high click-through could be obtained when contextually consistent adverts are displayed at the top positions or the front page of the mobile application. These findings address an enduringly debated issue of how to leverage on new technology, such as mobile device, to display commercial information most effectively.
A Comparative Study of Mobile Banking Adoption
Authors: Sampet Jomjai , Changchit Chuleeporn , Lonkani Ravi
Published: November 2019

Recently, mobile banking has gained significant importance, and the growth of the field is accelerating. Due to a rapid increase in smart phone users, banks have shifted the competitive landscape from physical banking branches to internet banking and mobile banking services. However, many customers remain reluctant to use this banking channel. It is crucial for banks to meet customers' need and understand which factors play an important role in encouraging or discouraging them from using mobile banking. Culture can also play an important role on these factors. This study compares the mobile banking perceptions between the consumers in the U.S. and in Thailand and reveal various factors that influence mobile banking adoption for these two nationalities. The findings suggest factors that banks should consider when implementing mobile banking services, thus allowing them to design the services that meet the needs of their customers.
OX40L-JAG1–Induced Expansion of Lineage-Stable Regulatory T Cells Involves Noncanonical NF-κB Signaling
Authors: Kumar Prabhakaran , Lele Swarali Surendra , Ragothaman Vandhana K. , Raghunathan Divya , Epstein Alan L. , Chiba Shigeru , Prabhakar Bellur S.
Published: November 2019

Foxp3+T regulatory cells (Tregs) control autoimmune response by suppressing proliferation and effector functions of self-reactive Foxp3−CD4+/CD8+ T cells and thereby maintain the critical balance between self-tolerance and autoimmunity. Earlier, we had shown that OX40L-JAG1 cosignaling mediated through their cognate receptors OX40 and Notch3 preferentially expressed on murine Tregs can selectively induce their proliferation in the absence of TCR stimulation. However, the differential molecular mechanisms regulating TCR-independent versus TCR-dependent Treg proliferation and lineage stability of the expanded Tregs remained unknown. In this study, we show that OX40L-JAG1 treatment induced TCR-independent proliferation of Tregs in the thymus and periphery. The use of Src kinase inhibitor permitted us to demonstrate selective inhibition of TCR-dependent T cell proliferation with little to no effect on OX40L-JAG1–induced TCR-independent Treg expansion in vitro, which was critically dependent on noncanonical NF-κB signaling. OX40L-JAG1–expanded Tregs showed sustained lineage stability as indicated by stable demethylation marks in Treg signature genes such as Foxp3, Il2ra, Ctla4, Ikzf2, and Ikzf4. Furthermore, OX40L-JAG1 treatment significantly increased CTLA4+ and TIGIT+ Tregs and alleviated experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in mice. Relevance of our findings to humans became apparent when human OX40L and JAG1 induced TCR-independent selective expansion of human Tregs in thymocyte cultures and increased human Tregs in the liver tissue of humanized NSG mice. Our findings suggest that OX40L-JAG1–induced TCR-independent Treg proliferation is a conserved mechanism that can be used to expand lineage-stable Tregs to treat autoimmune diseases.
ThePglyrp1-Regulated Microbiome Enhances Experimental Allergic Asthma
Authors: Banskar Sunil , Detzner Ashley A. , Juarez-Rodriguez Maria D. , Hozo Iztok , Gupta Dipika , Dziarski Roman
Published: November 2019

Changes in intestinal or respiratory microbiomes in infants correlate with increased incidence of asthma, but the causative role of microbiome in the susceptibility to asthma and the host genes that regulate these changes in microbiome are mostly unknown. In this study, we show that decreased responsiveness to allergic asthma in Pglyrp1−/− mice (lacking bactericidal peptidoglycan recognition protein 1) could be transferred to germ-free wild-type mice by colonization of mothers and newborns with microbiota from Pglyrp1−/− mice. These colonized mice had decreased airway resistance and fewer inflammatory cells, less severe histopathology, and lower levels of IgE and proallergic cytokines and chemokines in the lungs. This microbiome-dependent decreased responsiveness to asthma was most pronounced in colonized germ-free BALB/c mice (genetically predisposed to asthma), only partially evident in outbred germ-free Swiss Webster mice, and marginal in conventional BALB/c mice following depletion of microbiome with antibiotics. Mice with a low asthmatic response colonized with microbiota from Pglyrp1−/− mice had increased abundance of Bacteroidetes and decreased abundance of Firmicutes, Tenericutes, Deferribacteres, and Spirochaetes in the feces and increased abundance of Pasteurella in the oropharynx. These changes in bacterial abundance in the feces and oropharynx correlated with lower asthmatic responses in the lungs. Thus, our results show that Pglyrp1 enhances allergic asthmatic responses primarily through its effect on the host intestinal microbiome and identify several bacteria that may increase or decrease sensitivity to asthma. This effect of microbiome is strong in asthma-prone BALB/c mice and weak in asthma-resistant outbred mice and requires germ-free conditions before colonization with microbiota from Pglyrp1−/− mice.
Politainment y personalización política. ¿De la televisión a YouTube?
Authors: Gil-Ramírez Marta , Gómez de Travesedo-Rojas Ruth , Almansa-Martínez Ana
Published: November 2019

Introducción. Las formas de la comunicación política norteamericana se han trasladado a lasdemocracias occidentales, donde conceptos como politainment o personalización han sidoampliamente constatados en el medio televisivo. El entorno digital supone, sin embargo, un terrenoaún por explorar. Metodología. Mediante análisis de contenido, se examina si ambos fenómenos,predominantes en la política televisada española, se han extrapolado a YouTube. Resultados. Seconstata un uso considerable del recurso a la personalización, sin que este llegue a superar la atenciónhacia los partidos políticos, y una escasa presencia del enfoque hacia el politainment. Discusión.Discrepancias en los resultados de trabajos precedentes sobre este objeto de estudio, plantean laconveniencia de incidir en la reflexión en torno a estos fenómenos en el medio digital. Conclusiones.La extrapolación a YouTube de estos dos recursos de la comunicación política no se ha producido o,al menos, no con la intensidad con la que se recurre a ellos en televisión.
Funding paediatric surgery procedures in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Ekenze Sebastian O
Published: November 2019

BackgroundIn sub-Saharan Africa, there is a growing awareness of the burden of paediatric surgical diseases. This has highlighted the large discrepancy between the capacity to treat and the ability to afford treatment, and the effect of this problem on access to care. This review focuses on the sources and challenges of funding paediatric surgical procedures in sub-Saharan Africa. MethodsWe undertook a search for studies published between January 2007 and November 2016 that reported the specific funding of paediatric surgical procedures and were conducted in sub-Saharan Africa. Abstract screening, full-text review and data abstraction were completed and resulting data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. ResultsThirty-five studies met our inclusion criteria and were reviewed. The countries that were predominantly emphasized in the publications reviewed were Nigeria, South Africa, Kenya, Ghana and Uganda. The paediatric surgical procedures involved general paediatric surgery/urology, cardiac surgery, neurosurgery, oncology, plastics, ophthalmology, orthopaedics and otorhinolaryngology. The mean cost of these procedures ranged from 60 to 21,140 United States Dollars (USD). The source of funding for these procedures was mostly out-of-pocket payments (OOPs) by the patient’s family in 32 studies, (91.4%) and medical mission/non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in 21 (60%) studies. This pattern did not differ appreciably between the articles published in the initial and latter 5 years of the study period, although there was a trend towards a reduction in OOP funding. Improvements in healthcare funding by individual countries supported by international organizations and charities were the predominant suggested solutions to challenges in funding.ConclusionWhile considering the potential limitations created by diversity in study design, the reviewed publications indicate that funding for paediatric surgical procedures in sub-Saharan Africa is mostly by OOPs made by families of the patients. This may result in limited access to some procedures. Coordinated efforts, and collaboration between individual countries and international agencies, may help to reduce OOP funding and thus improve access to critical procedures.
Sustainability of ‘mHealth’ interventions in sub-Saharan Africa: a stakeholder analysis of an electronic community case management project in Malawi
Authors: Dharmayat Kanika I
Published: November 2019

BackgroundThe global health community and funding agencies are currently engaged in ensuring that worthwhile research-based programmes are sustainable. Despite its importance, few studies have analysed the sustainability of global health interventions. In this paper, we aim to explore barriers and facilitators for the wider implementation and sustainability of a mobile health (mHealth) intervention (Supporting LIFE Community Case Management programme) in Malawi, Africa.MethodsBetween January and March 2017, a qualitative approach was used to carry out and analyse 13 in-depth semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders across all levels of healthcare provision in Malawi to explore their perceptions with regards to the implementation and sustainability of the mHealth programme. Data were analysed thematically by two reviewers. ResultsOverall, our analysis found that the programme was successful in achieving its goals. However, there are many challenges to the wider implementation and sustainability of this programme, including the absence of monetary resources, limited visibility outside the healthcare sector, the lack of integration with community-based and nationwide programmes, services and information and communication technologies, and the limited local capacity in relation to the maintenance, further development, and management.ConclusionsFuture developments should be aligned with the strategic goals and interests of the Ministry of Health and engage with national and international stakeholders to develop shared goals and strategies for nationwide scale-up. These developments should also focus on building local capacity by educating trainers and ensuring that training methods and guidelines are appropriately accredited based on national policies. Our findings provide a framework for a variety of stakeholders who are engaged in sustaining mHealth programmes in resource-poor settings and can be used to develop an evidence-based policy for the utilization of technology for healthcare delivery across developing countries.
Typhoid fever among febrile Nigerian patients: Prevalence, diagnostic performance of the Widal test and antibiotic multi-drug resistance
Authors: Ohanu Martin E
Published: November 2019

BackgroundOver-dependence on clinical presentation and/or the Widal agglutination test for the diagnosis of typhoid fever in developing countries can lead to antibiotic abuse. In Nigeria, the antibiotic resistance of typhoid organisms is poorly characterized. In this study, we determined the prevalence of culture positivity among patients suspected of having typhoid fever, evaluated the diagnostic value of the Widal test and the burden created by the multi-drug resistance of typhoid organisms in South-East Nigeria. MethodologyThis was a prospective and case-controlled study carried out between 2013 and 2016. We acquired samples of blood/stool/urine cultures, and data relating to the Widal agglutination test and malaria parasites from 810 febrile patients (suspected of having typhoid) and 288 apparently healthy controls. Individuals with a history of antibiotic use within the previous 14 days were excluded. We then carried out antibiotic susceptibility tests on all isolates. Multi-drug resistance was defined as a resistance to ≥3 of the antibiotics tested. We determined the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of Widal test for typhoid laboratory diagnosis compared to bacterial culture which is the gold standard. A P-value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. ResultsThe mean age of typhoid suspects was 33.1±6.5 years and 50.7% were women. Of the 810 typhoid suspects tested, 114 (14.1%) had positive cultures for the typhoid organisms Salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi (72) and S. enterica serovar Typhi (42). Sample-specific rates of culture positivity were as follows: stool (72; 8.9%), blood (21; 2.6%) and urine (21; 2.6%), P<0.001. None of the controls had typhoid isolates. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of the Widal test were 49.1%, 90.7%, 46.2% and 91.6%, respectively. Malaria parasitaemia was detected in 180 (22.2%) febrile patients, out of whom 115 (63.9%) had a positive Widal test for O/H antigens vs. 1% (6/630) in those with negative malaria parasite test results (P<0.001). The rate of false-positive Widal titres was 48%. Antibiotic multi-drug resistance was detected in 52.6% of patients. The antibiotics with the highest susceptibility were ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and meropenem (all 100% susceptibility) and ceftriaxone (95.6% susceptibility). ConclusionOur data showed that while typhoid fever is common in Nigeria, malaria is more prevalent. Our analysis showed that the Widal test performed poorly as a diagnostic test and that the burden created by multi-drug resistance was high. Our data indicate that periodic surveillance of antibiotic susceptibility is critical for optimal typhoid therapy.
L’influenza del clero nella Sicilia a cavallo dei secoli XVIII e XIX
Authors: De Salvo Patrizia
Published: November 2019

Este ensayo trata de indagar sobre el papel desarrollado por el clero siciliciano durante el conocido como «Decenio Inglés». Una primera parte de la reflexión comienza con la relación probada entre el regalismo y el contractualismo de finales del siglo XVIII. La reacción de la clase dirigente siciliana, formada por aristócratas y eclesiásticos, a los problemas puestos sobre la mesa por la Revolución francesa, no se circunscribía en ese momento a un movimiento de espíritus reaccionarios. Desde los primeros años del siglo XIX, la parte culturalmente más avanzada de la clase de los barones y también del clero asumía como propias las doctrinas constitucionales británicas, modulando en provecho propio algunos elementos de la cultura moderna. Entre los exponentes de mayor calado, se pueden recordar a los abades Paolo Balsamo y Benedetto Chiavetta, ambos exponentes del brazo eclesiástico en el Parlamento siciliano. Su papel durante los trabajos parlamentarios será de particular relevancia para la introducción de los derechos y de las libertades en la Carta Constitucional siciliana del año 1812.
Habilidades comunicativas y cognitivas de estudiantes sordos: diseño de protocolos
Authors: Rodríguez Hernández Yenny , Muñoz  Vilugrón Karina Andrea , Sastre Carmen Obdulia
Published: November 2019

El trabajo colaborativo entre docentes y fonoaudiólogos en el aula de clase es una estrategia válida para promover la comunicación y los procesos cognitivos de los niños sordos. El número cada vez mayor de estudiantes sordos en la educación regular trae varios retos. Entre ellos, el uso de instrumentos para identificar las fortalezas y aspectos por mejorar en  las aulas de clase.  El siguiente artículo expone los resultados de un trabajo interdisciplinario centrado en el diseño de dos protocolos de evaluación (comunicación y procesos cognitivos) para ser usados en el aula de clase con estudiantes sordos. El estudio descriptivo contempló tres fases (diseño de instrumentos, validación de contenido por expertos,  y pilotaje). En la segunda participaron  12 profesionales,  y en la última 5 docentes y 12 estudiantes sordos. Los resultados mostraron que las dimensiones, los ítems y las escalas de cada protocolo eran válidos para registrar y caracterizar los comportamientos estudiados. También evidenciaron la objetividad y la funcionalidad de cada uno de ellos al momento de registrar los comportamientos observados. El estudio concluyó que los dos protocolos se pueden usar en el contexto escolar con los fines para los que fueron creados y recomienda ampliar su aplicación a otras ciudades chilenas y colombianas.
“Not Too Far Removed from Slavery”: Police Brutality and Rights Activism in Valdosta, Georgia, 1945–55
Authors: Aiello Thomas
Published: November 2019

The historiography of police brutality usually frames the phenomenon in urban settings, one that has existed since the first police forces of the antebellum period and was given its ultimate succor in the development of ethnic enclaves policed by white cops in the throes of the Great Migration and proliferating in the aftermath of World War II. This analysis interprets police brutality as a function of the structure and culture of policing. The violence of southern policing is in no way ignored by historians but is framed less as a function of racism in policing and more as a function of southern racist culture, of which policing is a constituent part.

But the systematic police brutality that existed in the small-town South in the decade following World War II was a brutality that was fundamentally dependent on a racist culture in the police force and carried out by white officers who abused the rights of Black citizens, assuming that their status as policemen and the racial assumptions of all-white juries would protect them. Such was the case in Valdosta. The murder of Willie Watson, featured in this article, would bring federal charges and national attention, but it did not exist in a vacuum. It was part of a culture of racist postwar police brutality that existed in Valdosta and southwest Georgia.

Police brutality in places like New Orleans and Birmingham is significant for understanding the evolving postwar demographics of the urban South, but the region was still predominantly rural at World War II’s close, relying on more moderately sized cities as cultural and economic hubs. There were, in other words, far more Valdostas in the postwar South than there were New Orleanses, making the smaller southwest Georgia city a better representative model for the broader postwar southern experience with race and policing. It also serves as a representative model for the trajectory of responses to police brutality more broadly, as the traditional civil rights narrative places responses to the violence of law enforcement as an outgrowth of new Black militancy later in the movement, a northern phenomenon and creature of the mid- to late 1960s.
Reginald Hawkins, the 1968 North Carolina Democratic Primary, and the Future of Black Political Participation
Authors: Faulkenbury Evan
Published: November 2019

In 1968, Dr. Reginald Hawkins, an African American civil rights leader and dentist from Charlotte, ran for governor in North Carolina within the Democratic primary. He lost the race, but his campaign succeeded by demonstrating the potential for Black political power. This article focuses on Hawkins, his civil rights activism in Charlotte, and his gubernatorial candidacy in 1968. From December 1967 through May 4, 1968, Hawkins barnstormed the state, promoted a progressive political agenda, and inspired African Americans. Always the underdog, Hawkins expected a boost from Martin Luther King Jr., who had promised to campaign with him across North Carolina, but King’s death curtailed Hawkins’s campaign. Hawkins did not win the primary—and he never stood much of a chance—but his effort strengthened Black political engagement and helped pave the way for Black candidates to win statewide races in the not-too-distant future.
The Impact of Partnership between the Public Authority for Applied Education and Training and the Kuwaiti Labor Market on the Outcome Quality of the Training Sector
Authors: AlHarbi Hadi S.
Published: November 2019

The present study aimed to explore the impact of partnership between the Public Authority for Applied Education and Training and the Kuwaiti labor market on the outcome quality of the training sector. The study’s population consists from all the officials who work at the public bodies that benefit from the outcomes of the Public Authority for Applied Education and Training. A simple random sample was selected. It consists from 300 officials. Questionnaire forms were distributed to all of the selected officials. However, 209 forms only were retrieved and considered valid for statistical analysis. Thus, the response rate is 69.7%.

It was found that the partnership between the Public Authority for Applied Education and Training and the Kuwaiti labor market has a significant impact on the outcome quality of the training sector. The researcher recommends activating the role of the partnership between the Public Authority for Applied Education and Training and the Kuwaiti labor market.
“Hope is Absolute”: Gang-Involved Women - Perceptions from the Frontline
Authors: Grekul Jana , LaRocque Petrina
Published: November 2019

Part of a larger ongoing project examining the gendered nature of Aboriginal gangs on the Prairies, this exploratory study focuses on the types of programs and services that have the potential to be effective in facilitating exits for women involved in these gangs. Based on interviews with eighteen frontline professionals and three (formerly) gang-involved women, the paper is informed by research by Giordano et al. (2002), which found that offenders, female and male, often experience environmental catalysts for change that precede their decision to leave the criminal lifestyle. Through interviews with staff who work directly with gang-involved individuals, we begin to explore the gang exit process and the types of programs and services that might capitalize on the readiness of women in particular to leave the gang lifestyle. While there is overlap between supports required to facilitate gang exit for males and females, respondents suggest gendered and racialized pathways into gangs have implications for gang exit processes.
Study and Application Status of Additive Manufacturing of Typical Inorganic Non-metallic Materials
Authors: YUN Yu , SHI Tingchun , MA Yonghui , SUN Fangfang , PAN Jinde , YANG Yong
Published: November 2019

Additive manufacturing is a rapid manufacturing based on discrete accumulation to achieve prototypes or parts of products. Inorganic non-metallic materials, as one of the three major materials, have incomparable application prospect in medical, aerospace, automotive, construction, arts and crafts, as well as many other fields. In order to rapidly create devices with arbitrarily complex shapes, additive manufacturing of inorganic non-metallic materials is becoming a hot spot of current research. In view of the technical types, materials and other aspects, this article introduced research status and development of additive manufacturing in inorganic non-metallic materials at home and abroad. Several common inorganic non-metallic materials are compared and analyzed, such as Al2O3, Si3N4 SiO2, ZrO2, etc. The forming characteristics and the problems of several popular ceramic materials and sand–casting materials are illustrated with emphases. The key problems existed in additive manufacturing forming process of inorganic non-metallic material are pointed out and urgent to be solved at present. Furthermore, the impacts of the material handling process, three dimensional printing (3DP), Selective Laser Sintering(SLS), Selective Laser Melting (SLM) three-dimensional forming processes and post treatment process on the quality and performance of the forming parts are analyzed. Finally, the prospects in SLS of the gem material are put forward.
Improving Tensile Properties of Polylactic Acid Parts by Adjusting Printing Parameters of Open Source 3D Printers
Authors: TAO Yubo , LI Peng , PAN Ling
Published: November 2019

Open source 3D printers (OS3DPs) have become increasingly more widespread in recent years because of their ease of use and budget friendliness, with the majority being fused deposition modeling (FDM) printers. However, due to natural deficiencies of the FDM printing methodology, different printing parameters can cause various properties of printed parts. To obtain printed polylactic acid (PLA) parts with improved tensile properties, a tension model of the part and an orthogonal experiment scheme were constructed in this paper. The effects of three printing parameters (layer height, orientation angle (OA) of the part, and print speed) on tensile properties (elastic modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break) were investigated. The results demonstrated that the printing parameters affected the tensile properties of PLA parts. Larger layer height and lower print speed contributed to the improvement of tensile strength. The OA of the part had the greatest effect on the parts’ elastic modulus and elongation at break among the three parameters. Both layer height and OA of the part affected part tensile strength significantly. In this research, layer height of 0.2 mm and print speed of 20 ~ 30 mm/s are found to be the optimal printing parameters. Adjusting the OA of the part can provide targeted tensile properties, and the parts with the OA of 45° resulted in the lowest tensile strength because the tensile force is only held by fibers parallel to the force orientation instead of all fibers.
Effect of Ca(OH)2 and Heat Treatment on The Physico-Chemical Properties of Bovine Bone Powder; a Material Useful for Medical, Catalytic, and Environmental Applications
Authors: KHAN Naseer Ahmed , AHMED Mukhtiar , SYED Naveed ul Hasan , DREWERY Matthew
Published: November 2019

In this study the authors investigated the effect of alkali (Ca(OH)2) and heat treatment on the physico-chemical properties of bovine bone powder. For this purpose, raw and alkali treated samples were heated separately at temperatures of 400 °C, 600 °C, 800 °C, and 1000 °C. A combination of characterization techniques, such as TGA, XRD, N2-adsorbtion isotherms, and EDX were used. It was found that the boiling of cleaned solid pieces of bones in 2 molar Ca(OH)2 solution results in a mass loss of about 10 % (mainly discards oily liquid). TGA analysis affirms that the hydrocarbons of bone matrix are partially extractable (~ 10 %) in the boiling alkaline solution. The color of raw and treated bone samples remained similar, that is changing from yellowish white to grayish black before turning into white over temperatures ranging from 30 °C (room temperature), 400 – 600 °C, and 800 – 1000 °C, respectively. Moreover, XRD signatures were also comparable at unified temperature ranges, however, it was noted that carbonization due to heating engenders a significant change in the intensities of the x-ray reflections. Despite of having similarities, surface area of raw and treated bones at 400 °C, 600 °C and 800 °C were found to be different, indicative of a chemical interactions of calcium ions with bone. Quite interestingly, TGA, XRD, and N2-adsorbtion isotherms support the argument that a limited amount of calcium ions diffuses into the vacancies or interstitial sites of bone lattice. Furthermore, EDX analysis of the samples calcined at 1000 °C confirms that the Ca(OH)2 treatment increases the total calcium content of hydroxylapatite (inorganic part of bone matrix).
The Trichoptera diversity of Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda, with description of a new species in the family Pisuliidae
Authors: Ngirinshuti Leonce , Rukera Tabaro Simon , Johanson Kjell Arne
Published: November 2019

A total of nine families of Trichoptera were identified from material collected in Malaise and light traps in the western part of Nyungwe National Park, southwestern Rwanda, late October 2018. Included in the material was an undescribed species of Pisuliidae which is described herein as Silvatares laetae Ngirinshuti & Johanson sp. nov. The new species adds to the six Pisuliidae species previously recorded for the East African region, five endemic to Tanzania and one to Uganda. This study portrays the first results of an ongoing survey on the Trichoptera fauna of Rwanda.
Editorial: The Big Picture
Authors: Weber Mary Beth
Published: November 2019

I am frequently asked by potential authors and incoming LRTS Editorial Board members about the timeframe for submitting a paper and the publication timeframe for accepted papers. My response is that it depends. A paper may require significant revision, which is not necessarily an indication of the paper’s quality. Papers may need to undergo a second round of peer review. Some papers are published within six months of submission, and others might be published a year after submission. There are so many variables that a straightforward answer is not possible.
A representação da Ceilândia e dos ceilandenses no cinema de Adirley Queirós
Authors: Ribeiro Carlos Eduardo Da Silva
Published: November 2019

O trabalho analisa a obra de Adirley Queirós, diretor de cinema radicado na Ceilândia. Maior cidade-satélite de Brasília, locação e meta-texto desse conjunto de filmes, a Ceilândia surgiu de um dos processos de remoção da população pobre/não-branca do Plano Piloto para a sua periferia durante a ditadura civil-militar. Essa forma de segregação aplicada no Distrito Federal, que imbrica classe social e racialização, contradisse os princípios de horizontalidade do modernismo que inspirou o projeto de Brasília (Holston, 1993; Gouvêa, 1998), e é abordada no cinema de Queirós a partir do olhar daqueles expelidos desse projeto. O conjunto de filmes abordado transita entre regimes documentais e ficcionais, por vezes problematizando essas fronteiras; simultaneamente referindo a certa realidade social vivenciada pelos sujeitos representados e especulando acerca dos espaços, das diferenças e identidades de Brasília e Ceilândia, esporadicamente exacerbando os efeitos dessa diferenciação através de elementos de ficção-científica. Partindo do paradigma dos Estudos Culturais, o trabalho se centra na construção simbólica da Ceilândia e de seus habitantes no cinema de Queirós, considerando as dimensões formais desses filmes em seu diálogo com o contexto sócio-histórico em que se ambientam
Los Elefantes de Aníbal = Hannibal's Elephants
Authors: San José Campos Christian
Published: November 2019

En el presente trabajo se pretende analizar la relación y empleo de los elefantes por Aníbal Barca. La dirección de los paquidermos por el general púnico ha sido asimilada por la historiografía directamente del relato de las fuentes clásicas sin ninguna pregunta científica.Hispania, el Ródano, los Alpes, Trebia, los Apeninos y Zama se presentan como los principales contextos donde nuestra investigación se desarrolla para esclarecer el verdadero papel y desempeño de estos animales en el ejército de Aníbal.AbstractIn the present work it is intended to analyze the relationship and employment of the elephants by Hannibal Barca. The direction of the pachyderms by the punic general has been assimilated by the historiography directly from the account of the classical sources without any scientific question.Hispania, the Rhone, the Alps, Trebia, the Apennines and Zama are presented as the main contexts where our research is developed to clarify the true role and performance of these animals in the army of Hannibal.
Reseña de: Martín-Arroyo Sánchez, Daniel J., Colonización romana y territorio en Hispania. El caso de Hasta Regia
Authors: Novillo López Miguel Ángel
Published: November 2019

Reseña de: Martín-Arroyo Sánchez, Daniel J., Colonización romana y territorio en Hispania. El caso de Hasta Regia, Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona Edicions, 2018, 339 pp., ISBN: 9788491680789.
CITRUS RECOGNITION IN REAL SCENARIOS BASED ON MACHINE VISION
Authors: XU LIJIA , ZHU SIJIE , CHEN XINYUAN , WANG YUCHAO , KANG ZHILIANG , HUANG PENG , PENG YINGQI
Published: November 2019

At present, citrus is mainly harvested manually with low efficiency and high cost, thereby resulting in an imminent demand for fruit-harvesting robot. Hence, recognizing and locating citrus from complex backgrounds using machine vision technology is the premise and a key technology for robots to harvest them. To accurately and immediately recognize mature citrus, this study proposes a novel method based on the Otsu adaptive threshold method and on the improved random ring method. First, a citrus region was segmented using the Otsu adaptive threshold method overthe V component of the Luminance Chrominance (YUV) color space, extracting then the real citrus region after undergoing a de-noising processing. Second, the citrus edge was extracted using a Canny detection operator with the curvature catastrophe point removed. The short citrus edge was placed in the background to obtain the citrus edge of each segment. Lastly, the citrus feature circle was fitted for continuous citrus edge in each segment using the improved random ring method based on the greedy algorithm. Experiments were conducted using the citrus images in various real scenarios. Results demonstrate that the proposed method increases the overall recognition rate of citrus to 95% with time consumption of approximately 80 ms. The proposed method improves the recognition efficiency, enhances the accuracy of citrus recognition, and provides technical support for fruit-harvesting robots. Lastly, the proposed method can be generalized to the location and recognizition of other similar fruits, thereby providing significant research value.

Keywords: Citrus recognition, Otsu adaptive threshold method, Greedy algorithm, Random ring method
Comparison of Logistic Regression and Geomod Approaches to Forest Change Modeling in the Period of 1988 – 2025
Authors: Galdavi Somayeh , Mohammadzadeh Marjan , Mahiny Abdolrassoul Salman , Nejad Ali Najafi
Published: November 2019

Spatial modelling of land use change is a technique for understanding changes in terms of the location and amount. In this study, logistic regression and Geomod approaches were used for modelling forest change in Gorgan area in Northern Iran in the time period of 1988-2007. To do this, at first, remotely sensed imagery data of the years 1988, 1998 and 2007 were used to produce land use maps. Land use maps accuracy assessments were achieved using Error matrix method and then the maps were used to implement change detection process in two time periods of 1988-1998 and 1998-2007. Results indicated a reduction in forest areas during the mentioned time period. Next, the independent variables were extracted in order to land use change modeling. The Results of the models implementation showed the ability of both models for forest change modeling in this region. Also, the models were used to predict the future condition of forest area in the years 2016 and 2025. The results revealed that the forest area would be associated with a reduction in the future. Comparison of the results of the models using kappa indices showed the successful implementation of both models for forest change modelling in this region. The results of this research reveal the need for appropriate applications of the proper plans to control land use change in order to preserve the environment and ecological balance of the area. Therefore, careful planning can reduce the land use change and its impacts in the future in this region.