bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Videoconference and Embodied VR: Communication Patterns Across Task and Medium
Authors: Abdullah Ahsan , Kolkmeier Jan , Lo Vivian , Neff Michael
Published: October 2021

Videoconference has become the dominant technology for remote meetings. Embodied Virtual Reality is a potential alternative that employs motion tracking in order to place people in a shared virtual environment as avatars. This paper describes a 210 participant study focused on behavioral measures that compares multiparty interaction in videoconference and embodied VR across a range of task types: a factual intellective task, a subjective judgment task and two negotiation tasks, one with visual grounding. It uses state-of-the-art body, face and finger tracking to drive the avatars in VR and a carefully matched videoconferencing implementation. Significant behavioral differences are observed. These include increased activity in videoconference related to maintaining the social connection: more person directed gaze and increased verbal and nonverbal backchannel behavior. Videoconference also had reduced conversational overlap, increased self-adaptor gestures and reduced deictic gestures as compared with embodied VR. Potential explanations and implications are discussed.
Inverse Problem Related to Boundary Shape Identification for a Hyperbolic Differential Equation
Authors: Ndiaye Fagueye , Ly Idrissa
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we are interested in the inverse problem of the determination of the unknown part

∂
Ω
,

Γ

0

of the boundary of a uniformly Lipschitzian domain

Ω

included in

ℝ

N

from the measurement of the normal derivative

∂

n

v

on suitable part

Γ

0

of its boundary, where

v

is the solution of the wave equation

∂

t
t

v

x
,
t

−
Δ
v

x
,
t

+
p

x

v

x

=
0

in

Ω
×

0
,
T

and given Dirichlet boundary data. We use shape optimization tools to retrieve the boundary part

Γ

of

∂
Ω

. From necessary conditions, we estimate a Lagrange multiplier

k

Ω

which appears by derivation with respect to the domain. By maximum principle theory for hyperbolic equations and under geometrical assumptions, we prove a uniqueness result of our inverse problem. The Lipschitz stability is established by increasing of the energy of the system. Some numerical simulations are made to illustrate the optimal shape.
Effect of Observation of Shou Hui Tong Bian Capsule (Polygonum Multiflorum and Aloe-Based Herbal Capsule for Cathartic Effect) in Rapid Rehabilitation of Joint Surgery
Authors: Huang Shu , Xie Yong , Huang Zhiyan , Zhang Guimin , Chen Guanyu , Yuan Jun , Wang Jing , Xiangyang Liu , Zhou Yizhao
Published: October 2021

Objective. To observe the effect of Shou Hui Tong Bian capsule (polygonum multiflorum and aloe-based herbal capsule for cathartic effect) in rapid rehabilitation of joint surgery. Methods. A total of 98 patients undergoing perioperative joint surgery in our hospital from July 2019 to March 2020 were included in the study. According to the situation of arthroscopy and joint replacement therapy, the patients were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group, with 49 cases in each group. The control group was treated with conventional therapy. On the basis of the control group, the patients in the observation group were orally administrated with Shou Hui Tong Bian capsule, 2 capsules/time, 3 times/day. Both groups received continuous treatment for 14 days. The clinical effects, awakening time, postoperative exhaust time, and the number of patients with different degrees of abdominal distension in the four groups before and after treatment were observed and compared. Results. After treatment, the total effective rate of arthroscopy in the control group was 66.7%, which was significantly lower than 83.3% in the observation group (

P
<
0.05

). The total effective rate of joint replacement in the control group was 64.0%, which was significantly lower than 84.0% in the observation group (

P
<
0.05

). After arthroscopic treatment and joint replacement treatment, the recovery time and postoperative exhaust time of borborygmus in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (both

P
<
0.05

). After the treatment, the number of patients with different degrees of abdominal distension in the arthroscopic and joint replacement treatment group and the control group was significantly improved (

P
<
0.05

), and the observation group was significantly better than the control group (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. The curative effect of Shou Hui Tong Bian capsule on patients undergoing arthroscopic joint surgery and joint replacement during perioperative period is obviously superior to that of conventional treatment. It can effectively improve the total effective rate, shorten the first exhaust time, and increase the number of patients without abdominal distension after treatment. It was safe and effective, and worthy of clinical promotion.
Coupling of Agricultural Product Marketing and Agricultural Economic Development Based on Big Data Analysis and “Internet+”
Authors: Xiao Jing , Wang Wenlan , Tsai Sang-Bing
Published: October 2021

In the era of “Internet+,” the increase of agricultural products sales can be achieved by creating and joining e-commerce platforms. Most of the farmers in China are self-employed and cannot form an industrial scale. With the rise of “Internet+” background research, the combination of this technology and the marketing of agricultural products has become a new marketing model under the deep integration of different fields. Based on the marketing of products under the background of “Internet+” and using marketing theories, this paper reviews the development of marketing of agricultural products under the background of “Internet+,” including the Internet infrastructure, the establishment of logistics system, the formation of branding, and the deep processing of agricultural products. The paper reviews the development of agricultural marketing under the background of “Internet+,” including the Internet infrastructure, establishment of logistics system, branding, and deep processing of agricultural products. The marketing mode of agricultural products under the background of “Internet+” is proved, and the development of agricultural products marketing under the background of “Internet+” is discussed from various angles, and insights into how to improve it are proposed from five aspects. After excluding the influence of environmental factors through the improved three-stage SE-DEA model, the mean value of TE of comprehensive efficiency of agricultural information allocation increases from 0.773 to 0.832, the mean value of SE of scale efficiency increases from 0.844 to 0.9219, and the mean value of PTE of pure technical efficiency adjusts from 0.9087 to 0.9058. The mean value of pure technical efficiency (PTE) was adjusted from 0.9087 to 0.9058. Compared with the parametric method, DEA does not require a specific production function to be set in advance, and it is also difficult to select a suitable production function in advance for complex problems.
Interventions to Improve Self-Efficacy in Colorectal Cancer Patients and/or Caregivers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gong Jiali , Hu Caiping , Chen Meizhen , Cao Qian , Li Qiuping
Published: October 2021

Objective. High levels of self-efficacy (SE) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and/or caregivers enable patients to cope with cancer, reduce caregiver burden, and promote quality of life (QOL) in patients and caregivers alike. This review aims to (a) identify the SE theory sources covered by SE interventions or interventions, including targeting improved SE for CRC patients and/or caregivers, to guide future development of SE interventions; and (b) explore intervention effects based on SE theory through meta-analysis. Methods. Using five electronic databases—CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, PsycINFO, and PubMed—a systematic search was performed in April 2021 to identify English or Chinese literature that studied improving SE interventions for CRC patients and/or caregivers. Manual screening of the articles’ references list was also performed. Results. A total of 18 studies were found to be suitable and included in this review. Of the 18 studies that were included, 10 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) studies with 917 participants were eligible for meta-analysis. Interventions provide support for SE drawing on different sources of information. Performance accomplishment (PA) is the key source, with vicarious experience (VE) and verbal persuasion (VP) assisting in improving PA. Reducing negative emotional arousal (NEA) and improving positive emotional arousal (PEA) are also indispensable factors in improving SE. The meta-analysis results show that interventions based on the SE theory can bring about positive effects for CRC patients and/or caregivers. Conclusions. Different sources of information aimed at improving SE, covered by the interventions, including PA, VE, VP, NEA, and PEA, have been explored. Positive intervention outcomes that focused on improving SE for CRC patients and/or caregivers were identified and highlighted. For future SE interventions, we advocate choosing combination sources of SE information to design interventions. It is recommended that future SE improvement interventions should focus on improving PA, supplemented by increasing VE, while reducing NEA and providing useful VP.
Bifurcation, Traveling Wave Solutions, and Stability Analysis of the Fractional Generalized Hirota–Satsuma Coupled KdV Equations
Authors: Li Zhao , Li Peng , Han Tianyong
Published: October 2021

In this paper, the bifurcation, phase portraits, traveling wave solutions, and stability analysis of the fractional generalized Hirota–Satsuma coupled KdV equations are investigated by utilizing the bifurcation theory. Firstly, the fractional generalized Hirota–Satsuma coupled KdV equations are transformed into two-dimensional Hamiltonian system by traveling wave transformation and the bifurcation theory. Then, the traveling wave solutions of the fractional generalized Hirota–Satsuma coupled KdV equations corresponding to phase orbits are easily obtained by applying the method of planar dynamical systems; these solutions include not only the bell solitary wave solutions, kink solitary wave solutions, anti-kink solitary wave solutions, and periodic wave solutions but also Jacobian elliptic function solutions. Finally, the stability criteria of the generalized Hirota–Satsuma coupled KdV equations are given.
A Novel Trade Transaction Agreement Algorithm Using Blockchain Consensus Mechanism
Authors: Yi Pan
Published: October 2021

Blockchain, the underlying technology of Bitcoin, has been deeply studied in various fields after its development in recent years. As a typical decentralized distributed data storage system, consensus reached among all participants in a blockchain system requires a consensus mechanism to be realized. In order to make blockchain applicable to different application scenarios, different consensus mechanisms have been proposed. With the further development of blockchain applications, more and more studies have been conducted on the consensus mechanism. However, some existing consensus mechanisms still have some problems in various aspects. Therefore, this paper proposes a trade deal algorithm based on the blockchain mechanism of consensus. First of all, according to PBFT, the lack of a dynamic problem in the VPBFT voting mechanism was introduced. The node system is divided into four types with different responsibilities and gives the number of relations between nodes. When the number of nodes is changed, it can be calculated according to the quantity relation, ensuring dynamic. Second, a data anonymous transaction and authentication protocol is designed. In the protocol, when the seller sells data, the mapping relationship between the real identity and the false identity of the data owner is blinded and sent to the buyer. When the buyer wants to verify their identity, the seller’s identity can only be verified with the authentication of the blockchain. The proposed algorithm is superior to the current consensus in terms of time and energy consumption, throughput, and fault tolerance methods, which is proven through experimental tests and simulation analysis.
Coregulation Supervision Strategy of Drug Enterprises under the Government Reward and Punishment Mechanism
Authors: Zhang Siyi , Zhu Lilong
Published: October 2021

Considering the government reward and punishment mechanism and the collusion behavior between third‐party testing agencies and drug enterprises, based on the coregulation information platform, this paper constructs an evolutionary game model of coregulation supervision, which involves the participation of local government, drug enterprises, and third‐party testing agencies. The stable equilibrium points of each participant’s strategic choices are solved. The stability of the strategic combination is analyzed by Lyapunov’s first method, and MATLAB 2020b is used for simulation analysis to verify the influence of each decision variable on different players’ strategic choices. The results show that, firstly, the government‐increased awards and penalties will promote the integrity of drug enterprises and noncollusion of third‐party testing agencies, but it is not conducive to strict performance of regulatory responsibilities by the local government. Secondly, the provision of real drug test reports by third‐party testing agencies to the coregulation information platform can supervise drug enterprises and restrict local government to perform its duty. Thirdly, the central government’s punishment to the local government’s dereliction of duty is significant to enhancing the robustness of drug enterprises’ integrity operation. Furthermore, reasonably setting rewards and punishments and perfecting the coregulation information platform will help form a coregulation pattern of government supervision, self‐discipline of drug enterprises, and social supervision. Finally, drug quality is highly related to whether drug enterprises operate with integrity. Standardizing coregulation supervision of drug enterprises’ integrity operation is the key to ensuring the safety of the source of drug quality. Therefore, this paper enriches and expands the theoretical basis of the coregulation supervision of drug enterprises’ integrity operation and proposes corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.
Identification of Key Biomarkers and Pathways in Small‐Cell Lung Cancer Using Biological Analysis
Authors: Liu Huanqing , Li Tingting , Ye Xunda , Lyu Jun
Published: October 2021

Background. Small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a major cause of carcinoma‐related deaths worldwide. The aim of this study was to identify the key biomarkers and pathways in SCLC using biological analysis. Methods. Key genes involved in the development of SCLC were identified by downloading three datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using the GEO2R online analyzer; for the functional annotation and pathway enrichment analysis of genes, Funrich software was used. Construction of protein‐to‐protein interaction (PPI) networks was accomplished using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING), and network visualization and module identification were performed using Cytoscape. Results. A total of 268 DEGs were ultimately obtained. The enriched functions and pathways of the upregulated DEGs included cell cycle, mitotic, and DNA replication, and the downregulated DEGs were enriched in epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition, serotonin degradation, and noradrenaline. Analysis of significant modules demonstrated that the upregulated genes are primarily concentrated in functions related to cell cycle and DNA replication. Kaplan‐Meier analysis of hub genes revealed that they may promote the carcinogenesis and progression of SCLC. The result of ONCOMINE demonstrated that these 10 hub genes were significantly overexpressed in SCLC compared with normal samples. Conclusion. Identification of the molecular functions and signaling pathways of participating DEGs can deepen the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of SCLC. The knowledge gained from this work may contribute to the development of treatment options and improve the prognosis of SCLC in the future.
A Data-Driven Method for Predicting the Cutterhead Torque of EPB Shield Machine
Authors: Hong Kairong , Li Fengyuan , Zhou Zhenjian , Li Feng , Zhu Xunlin
Published: October 2021

The prediction of cutterhead torque of earth pressure balance (EPB) shield machine is mainly studied. First, the idea of shield tunneling stage division is proposed. The process of shield tunneling from start to stop (or pause) is divided into start-up and stationary driving stages. Using the change point detection method based on linear regression, the separation points between start-up stage and stationary driving stage are identified from the original construction data, and the datasets of the two stages are extracted, respectively. Then, for the start-up stage, the linear regression method is suggested for the cutterhead torque prediction, since there is a strong linear correlation between the key parameters such as the cutterhead torque and the thrust force. Meanwhile, for the stationary driving stage, considering the fact that the key parameters vary smoothly and show obvious inertia, the long short-term memory (LSTM) network method can be used to establish the relationship model between cutterhead torque and other key parameters, such as the thrust force. Through the test experiments of construction data in Zhengzhou, Luoyang, and Dalian shield projects, the results show that the proposed segmented modeling method possesses good adaptability and the cutterhead torque prediction model has high prediction accuracy.
Clinical Efficacy of Carbon Dioxide Laser Combined with ALA Photodynamics in the Treatment of Condyloma Acuminatum
Authors: Cao Chunyu , Chen Lihua , Li Shu , Yuan Lili , Wang Yishan
Published: October 2021

’Purpose. To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of carbon dioxide laser combined with ALA photodynamics in the treatment of condyloma acuminatum. Method. A total of 211 patients with condyloma acuminatum admitted to our hospital from April 2018 to June 2021 were selected as the observation object. They were divided into the intervention group (CO2 laser combined with ALA photodynamic therapy, 125 cases) and conventional group (CO2 laser treatment, 86 cases), and the efficacy and incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups were compared. Result. The total effective rate of the intervention group (96.00%) was significantly higher than that of the conventional group (84.88%) (

P
<
0.05

). The total incidence of adverse reactions in the intervention group (8.00%) was lower than that in the conventional group (32.56%) (

P
<
0.05

). Univariate analysis showed that the patient’s smoking history, drinking history, course of disease, wart area, and number of sexual partners were related to the short-term prognosis (

P
<
0.05

). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the patient’s course of disease, the area of the wart body, and the number of sexual partners were independent factors affecting the prognosis of patients with condyloma acuminatum (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. Carbon dioxide laser combined with ALA dynamics treatment of condyloma acuminatum significantly improves the clinical efficacy, does not increase the incidence of adverse reactions, and has important clinical therapeutic value. The course of the disease, the area of the wart, and the number of sexual partners are independent factors affecting the prognosis of patients with condyloma acuminatum.
Parallel Structure of Feedback Linearization and Sliding Mode Controllers to Track the Desired Velocity Profile in High-Speed Trains
Authors: Ferestade Iman , Molatefi Habibollah , Moaveni Bijan
Published: October 2021

High-speed railway vehicles operate much faster than traditional railway vehicles. After a four-axle high-speed railcar is modeled, an analytical solution is employed in this paper to solve dynamic equations. According to this analytical solution, the coupling of four-axle high-speed railcar equations depends strictly on the adhesion coefficient. A novel parallel control strategy is then formulated to prevent wheels from slipping and track the desired velocity profile. The proposed control strategy includes feedback linearization and sliding mode controllers to achieve the desired performance. Finally, the simulation results indicated the effectiveness of the proposed control system in the high-speed railcar such that the tracking error is less than 12%.
Stent Applications for Palliative Treatment in Advanced Stage Esophageal Cancers
Authors: Şentürk Mustafa , Çakır Murat , Yıldırım Mehmet Aykut , Kişi Ömer
Published: October 2021

Background and Aim. Endoscopic stenting is a generally safe and effective palliative treatment for esophageal malignancies. In this study, we aimed to present endoscopic stent applications, adverse events, and relative advantages of covered versus uncovered stents in our center. Methods. We examined cases of endoscopic stenting for palliative treatment of advanced stage esophageal cancers between January 2014 and July 2019. Age, gender, location of mass, adverse events, survival time, and stent type were evaluated. Outcomes of fully covered and uncovered self-expanding stents were compared with regard to adverse events, including stent migration and occlusion. Results. The mean age of the patients was

66.4
±
1

, 52 were male, and 8 were female. Patients were followed up for a mean of 133 days. The most common complication due to stenting was migration. 13 patients developed adverse events. Migration was the most common adverse event, occurring in 8 (13%) patients. Although the migration rate of fully covered stents was higher than uncovered stents, there was no statistically significant difference (

p
=
0.47

). Stent occlusion was observed in 4 patients. In three cases, it was due to the tumor; an uncovered stent was placed again in these cases. Food-related occlusion developed in one patient. There was no statistical difference in terms of overall adverse event rate when comparing fully covered stents to uncovered stents (

p
=
0.68

). Conclusion. Endoscopic stenting is a viable palliative method with low morbidity and mortality in experienced centers. Though there are relative advantages with covered versus uncovered stents in individual cases, the overall adverse event rate is low and relatively similar.
Nonlinear Parametric Resonance Behavior of Cables in a Long Cantilever Bridge for Sightseeing Platform
Authors: Guo Zengwei , Zi Pengfei , He Xuanbo
Published: October 2021

In order to study the parametric vibration of stayed cables in a long cantilever bridge for a sightseeing platform, nonlinear parametric vibration equations of the stayed cables excited by the vibration of bridge deck and tower are derived. Then, a second‐order differential equation is transformed into a first‐order ordinary differential equation, which is solved by using the Runge–Kutta method. A finite element model of cables was also built to verify the solution of the Runge–Kutta method. Then, the inherent dynamic characteristics of the full structure and all the cables with different lengths were analyzed to discuss the potential risk of parametric vibration. The longest and shortest cables were taken as examples to explore their nonlinear vibration performance. The effects of damping ratio, excitation position, and amplitude on cables’ nonlinear vibration performance were investigated. The results show that it will be more efficient and convenient to use the Runge–Kutta method to calculate cables’ nonlinear vibration amplitude without loss of accuracy. In addition, short cables have more resonance zones compared to long cables. Especially, with the cable length shortening, the dominant frequencies of the dynamic response and its amplitude increase significantly, and the number of resonance zones also increases. However, excessive excitation amplitude will also cause multiple resonance zones in the cable. The parametric analysis results show that it is effective and efficient to mitigate the nonlinear vibration by adjusting the frequency relationship between the bridge and the cables, rather than by increasing the damping ratio.
Modelling the Spatial Distribution Differences of Compulsory Education Resource
Authors: Liang Weihong , Ma Changsong
Published: October 2021

This paper aimed to explore the difference in the spatial distribution of compulsory education resource allocation. Raw data were collected from the 2020 China Statistical Yearbook (county/district level) and Guangxi Province Statistical Yearbook of China. Data analysis was conducted using the entropy method, comprehensive evaluation method, K-means clusters analysis, analysis of variance, and spatial statistical analysis (Moran’s I index). It was determined that there were significant differences in the spatial distribution of compulsory education. The equilibrium degree to mandatory education resource allocation was divided into three classes: high level, medium level, and low level, and each class presented a spatial aggregation effect in the spatial distribution. Compared with the primary schools, the equilibrium degree of junior secondary school was higher. However, the equilibrium fluctuation of junior secondary schools was more significant among different counties/districts. The equilibrium of educational resources of junior secondary schools in the urban areas was higher than that in the rural areas, but there was no significant difference for the primary school.
[Retracted] Application of Photoshop Graphics and Image Processing in the Field of Animation
Authors: Ye Fan
Published: October 2021

With the rapid development of digital art and machine science and technology, the production form of modern animation tends to be diversified, and with the important role of animation color in the animation film foil and rendering, more and more attention was paid by the animation design industry. Computer graphic technology is a new type of artistic creation method, and its birth and development are closely related to computer technology. The purpose of this paper is to make some analysis and induction from the perspective of science and technology and culture and to explore the application of Photoshop graphics and image processing technology in the field of animation. First, the definition of “animation” and the extension of the animation category are introduced. Then, the main functions of Photoshop image processing technology are described in detail. According to the research content, this paper designs a self‐made experimental short film “future city.” After the simulation of experimental animation film and the setting and positioning of the experimental scene, Photoshop software was used to show the animation scene. The experimental results show that the color changes in the short film “future city.” After the saturation of sunny scenery is reduced by 3 points and the brightness is reduced by 20 points and the filter, mode change, and color adjustment are carried out, a complete rainy scenery can be obtained. The self‐made experimental short film has guiding significance for the creation and practice.
Clinical Implications of the Coexistence of Anemia and Diabetes Mellitus in the Elderly Population
Authors: Michalak S. S. , Wolny-Rokicka E. , Nowakowska E. , Michalak M. , Gil L.
Published: October 2021

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and also anemia are common in the elderly and have a negative impact on the clinical outcomes of patients. The coexistence of anemia and DM seems to be insufficiently recognized; therefore, the aim of our study is to analyze the incidence and clinical consequences of this coexistence, including mortality, in the population of people aged ≥60. A retrospective study was conducted on 981 primary care clinic patients aged ≥60 during 2013-2014. The prevalence of coexistence of DM and anemia (defined in accordance with WHO) and data on the incidence of comorbidities, hospitalization, medical procedures, and all-cause mortality were analyzed. In the study population, 25% had DM, while 5.4% had both DM and anemia. Peripheral artery disease (PAD) was found in 48 patients (4.89%) of the entire study population, more often in men (p<0.001). Diabetic patients with anemia compared to nonanemic diabetics had more comorbidities (median 4 (4, 5) vs. 3 (2–4);p<0.001)—PAD more often (p=0.004), more hospitalization (median 2 (0–11) vs. 0 (0–11);p<0.001), and more frequent medical procedures (e.g., percutaneous coronary intervention (p<0.001), coronary artery bypass surgery (p=0.027), arteriography (p<0.001), and bypass surgery or endovascular treatments of lower limb ischemia (p<0.001)). The cumulative survival of patients with both DM and anemia vs. nonanemic diabetics at 36 months was 86.4% vs. 99.3% (p<0.001). A multivariate logistic regression model showed anemia to be a significant risk factor for death in diabetic patients (p=0.013). Patients with both DM and anemia have more comorbidities than nonanemic diabetic patients; they are more often hospitalized, require medical procedures more frequently, and are at a higher risk of death. Effective treatment of anemia in patients with DM is advisable and may well improve the prognosis of patients.
[Retracted] Optimization of Tumor Disease Monitoring in Medical Big Data Environment Based on High‐Order Simulated Annealing Neural Network Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhong Qixiang , Yu Zhenglun
Published: October 2021

With the development of medical informatization, the data related to medical field are growing at an amazing speed, and medical big data appears. The mining and analysis of these data plays an important role in the prediction, monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment of tumor diseases. Therefore, this paper proposes a clustering algorithm of the high‐order simulated annealing neural network algorithm and uses this algorithm to extract tumor disease‐related big data, constructs training set according to the relevant information mined, designs a kind of dimension reduction model, aiming at the problem of excessive and wrong diagnosis and treatment in the diagnosis and treatment module of tumor disease monitoring mode, and establishes the corresponding control mechanism, so as to optimize the tumor disease monitoring mode. The results show that the clustering accuracy of the high‐order simulated annealing neural network algorithm on different data sets (iris, wine, and Pima India diabetes) is 97.33%, 82.11%, and 70.56% and the execution time is 0.75 s, 0.562 s, and 1.092 s, which are better than those of the fast k‐medoids algorithm and improved k‐medoids clustering algorithm. To sum up, the high‐order simulated annealing neural network algorithm can achieve good clustering effect in medical big data mining. The establishment of model M1 can reduce the probability of excessive and wrong medical treatment and improve the effectiveness of diagnosis and treatment module monitoring in tumor disease monitoring mode.
Fusing Part‐of‐Speech Information in Low‐Resource Neural Paraphrase Generation
Authors: Chi Xiaoqiang , Xiang Yang
Published: October 2021

Paraphrase generation is an essential yet challenging task in natural language processing. Neural‐network‐based approaches towards paraphrase generation have achieved remarkable success in recent years. Previous neural paraphrase generation approaches ignore linguistic knowledge, such as part‐of‐speech information regardless of its availability. The underlying assumption is that neural nets could learn such information implicitly when given sufficient data. However, it would be difficult for neural nets to learn such information properly when data are scarce. In this work, we endeavor to probe into the efficacy of explicit part‐of‐speech information for the task of paraphrase generation in low‐resource scenarios. To this end, we devise three mechanisms to fuse part‐of‐speech information under the framework of sequence‐to‐sequence learning. We demonstrate the utility of part‐of‐speech information in low‐resource paraphrase generation through extensive experiments on multiple datasets of varying sizes and genres.
Factorizable Ordered Hypergroupoids with Applications
Authors: Shi Xiaolong , Guan Hao , Akhoundi Maryam , Omidi Saber
Published: October 2021

In this study, we propose the concept of factorizable ordered hypergroupoids (semihypergroups) and present several of its properties. Our goal is to construct ordered hypergroupoid from blood groups together with some other information. Finally, we discuss right magnifying elements for further research.
Isotopic Tracing of Perchlorate Sources in the Environment
Authors: Zhang Mengnan , Li Xiaoqian , Cheng Xuxue , Wang Xinfeng , Song Mian , Wang Xiaoyan , Ma Xuemei
Published: October 2021

Perchlorate (ClO4−) is an emerging persistent pollutant that is ubiquitous in the environment at trace concentrations. Perchlorate ingestion poses a risk to human health because it interferes with thyroidal hormone production. The identification of perchlorate sources in groundwater is a primary concern. Chlorine and multi-oxygen isotopic tracing of perchlorate (δ37Cl, 36Cl/Cl, δ18O, and Δ17O) can provide a unique tool for identifying the origin and transport of perchlorate in groundwater. Along with the kinetic fractionation of chlorine and oxygen isotopes, the Δ17O value, 36Cl/Cl ratio, and ε18O/ε37Cl (the fractionation coefficient of oxygen and chlorine isotopes) are constant, potentially indicating the biodegradation of perchlorate, without disguising its source information. Therefore, comprehensive characterization of stable chlorine and poly-oxygen isotopes is expected to provide direct evidence for identifying the source of perchlorate in groundwater. However, further studies are needed to increase the amount of isotopic data of different perchlorate sources, to make the end-member model available to broader regions. It is critically important to understand the range of values and differences of isotopes among natural perchlorate sources and the perchlorate formation mechanisms.
Declining Cancer Incidence in the Elderly: Decreasing Diagnostic Intensity or Biology?
Authors: Radkiewicz Cecilia , Järkvik Krönmark Jessica , Adami Hans-Olov , Edgren Gustaf
Published: October 2021

Background:

Advanced age is a consistent risk factor for cancer; nonetheless, cancer incidence typically declines after age 75–85 for most solid tumors.

Methods:

To delineate the true cancer age-incidence pattern, we performed a population-based cohort study using Swedish Cancer Register data from 1970–2014 on nine common, adult (age 20–99) cancers categorized as requiring high (pancreatic, lung, non-meningioma brain), medium (anorectal, urinary bladder, non–Hodgkin lymphoma), and low (melanoma skin, breast, prostate) diagnostic invasiveness based on the perceived risk of complications associated with histopathologic verification. We estimated the reported incidence and the proportion of autopsy-detected cancers by age but also projected a corrected incidence assuming the same proportion of unexpected cancer findings if all deaths underwent autopsy.

Results:

The registered cancer incidence dropped after peak age around 65–84, with the exception of melanoma skin. This pattern was attenuated when exploring the proportion of incident, unexpected cancer findings in autopsy material by age. The “total” cancer incidence, reported plus projected incident autopsy cases, increased monotonously with age.

Conclusions:

The long-established cancer incidence decline in elderly is most probably an artifact due to reduced diagnostic intensity.

Impact:

Biological drivers to the cancer incidence decline in elderly are unlikely and resources are better allocated to prepare for the anticipated cancer pandemic when numbers of healthy elderly increase. Cancer alarm symptoms in elderly fit for cancer therapy should be investigated promptly and clinical cancer trials focus to also include elderly to set updated standards for cancer therapy in the dominating age group.
Targeting the Pro-survival Protein BCL-2 to Prevent Breast Cancer
Authors: Young Adelaide , Bu Wen , Jiang Weiyu , Ku Amy , Kapali Jyoti , Dhamne Sagar , Qin Lan , Hilsenbeck Susan G. , Du Yi-Chieh Nancy , Li Yi
Published: October 2021

Current chemopreventive strategies require 3–5 years of continuous treatment and have the concerns of significant side effects; therefore, new chemopreventive agents that require shorter and safer treatments are urgently needed. In this study, we developed a new murine model of breast cancer that mimics human breast cancer initiation and is ideal for testing the efficacy of chemopreventive therapeutics. In this model, introduction of lentivirus carrying a PIK3CA gene mutant commonly found in breast cancers infects a small number of the mammary cells, leading to atypia first and then to ductal carcinomas that are positive for both estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor. Venetoclax is a BH3 mimetic that blocks the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2 and has efficacy in treating breast cancer. We found that venetoclax treatment of atypia-bearing mice delayed the progression to tumors, improved overall survival, and reduced pulmonary metastasis. Therefore, prophylactic treatment to inhibit the pro-survival protein BCL-2 may provide an alternative to the currently available regimens in breast cancer prevention.

Prevention Relevance:

This study demonstrates that prophylactic treatment with the BCL2-specific antagonist venetoclax prevents breast cancer initiated by a mutated and activated PIK3CA, the most common breast oncogene.
Adolescent Plaque Brachytherapy for Large Choroidal Metastasis from Lung Carcinoid Tumor
Authors: Crespo Marcos A. , Villegas Victor M. , Echevarria Maria E. , Gurrea Carmen M. , Murray Timothy G. , Chevere Carlos M.
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this publication is to report a child with choroidal metastasis from a primary lung carcinoid tumor treated with 125-iodine plaque brachytherapy while achieving complete tumor regression. A 15-year-old girl with a history of stage IV lung carcinoid tumor developed painless progressive visual loss in her right eye. Ophthalmological exam documented a unilateral solitary large choroidal mass with complete exudative retinal detachment. Planned palliative treatment with plaque brachytherapy was performed utilizing a total dose of 45 Gy to the tumor apex. No tumor regression was noted after 6 months of follow-up. Ten months after primary therapy, re-treatment with a total dose of 90 Gy to the tumor apex was performed due to tumor progression. Complete regression was achieved after secondary treatment without evidence of recurrence after 18 months of follow-up. In conclusion, high-dose plaque brachytherapy may induce complete tumor regression in select adolescent patients with choroidal metastasis from lung carcinoid tumor.
Risk Stratification as a Predictive Factor for Cephalosporin Allergy: A Case-Controlled Study
Authors: Suleyman Ayse , Toprak Sadık , Guler Nermin
Published: October 2021

Background: Compared to penicillin, cephalosporin allergies are less common in children, and their diagnostic approach is less standardized. A recent European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology position paper provided a risk stratification system for patients with suspected β-lactam hypersensitivity reactions. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate risk stratification and predicting factors for confirmed cephalosporin hypersensitivity. Methods: The case-controlled study included patients with confirmed cephalosporin hypersensitivity (skin tests, n = 53; drug provocation, n = 19). For each patient, 2 age- and gender-matched control subjects were included in the study. Data were retrieved from patients’ records and analyzed retrospectively. Risk stratification was performed according to the severity of index reactions, which was initially divided as high and low risk and then further divided as immediate and nonimmediate. Results: According to risk stratification, the patient and control groups were divided as follows: high-risk immediate (66.7% vs. 13%, respectively), high-risk delayed (1.4% vs. 8.3%, respectively), low-risk immediate (16.7% vs. 16%, respectively), and low-risk delayed (15.3% vs. 62.9%, respectively). Immediate reactions (odds ratio [OR]: 12.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 9–24.8, p < 0.001) and high-risk reactions (OR: 7.8, 95% CI: 4.1–14.6, p < 0.001) were associated with confirmed cephalosporin hypersensitivity in univariate analysis. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that immediate reactions (OR: 7.5, 95% CI: 3.3–16.8, p < 0.001) and high-risk reactions (OR: 5.2, 95% CI: 2.1–12.9, p < 0.001) were significant risk factors for the prediction of cephalosporin hypersensitivity. Conclusion: This model can be applied in children with suspected cephalosporin allergy. Skin testing provides diagnostic information in high-risk patients with immediate reactions and reduces the need for drug provocation testing in these patients. It is highly likely to confirm the diagnosis of low-risk patients directly with provocation tests without skin tests. High-risk and immediate reactions were found to be predictive factors for confirmed cephalosporin allergy.
Variable Clinical Presentation of Children with Hereditary Hypophosphatemic Rickets with Hypercalciuria: A Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Christensen Stephanie , Tebben Peter J. , Sas David , Creo Ana L.
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria (HHRH) is a rare condition of renal phosphate wasting due to SLC34A3 mutations [Am J Hum Genet. 2006;78(2):193–201]. Patients exhibit low serum phosphorus, high 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and inappropriately high urine phosphate and calcium. However, symptoms vary, and little is known about specific phenotype-genotype correlations. Methods: We report 3 HHRH cases in unrelated 12-year-old, 9-year-old, and 14-year-old patients and perform a systematic literature review. Results: All 3 patients exhibited labs typical of HHRH. Yet, their presentations differed, and 2 novel SLC34A3 variants were identified. As found in the literature review, bone symptoms are most common (50%), followed by renal symptoms (17%), combined bone and renal symptoms (18%), and asymptomatic (9%). Conclusion: These 3 cases highlight the variability of presenting signs and symptoms among individuals with HHRH. An accurate diagnosis is critical as treatment differs from other disorders of phosphate wasting, urinary stones, and mineralization defects.
Intravascular Ultrasound–Derived Calcium Score to Predict Stent Expansion in Severely Calcified Lesions
Authors: Zhang Mingyou , Matsumura Mitsuaki , Usui Eisuke , Noguchi Masahiko , Fujimura Tatsuhiro , Fall Khady N. , Zhang Zixuan , Nazif Tamim M. , Parikh Sahil A. , Rabbani LeRoy E. , Kirtane Ajay J. , Collins Michael B. , Leon Martin B. , Moses Jeffrey W. , Karmpaliotis Dimitri , Ali Ziad A. , Mintz Gary S. , Maehara Akiko
Published: October 2021

Background:

Coronary calcification inhibits stent expansion. We sought to establish an intravascular ultrasound–derived calcium score to predict stent underexpansion.

Methods:

This is a retrospective observational study including de novo lesions that underwent intravascular ultrasound–guided stenting and had maximum superficial calcium angle >270°. Lesions with angiographic calcium not treated with atherectomy or scoring/cutting balloon before stent implantation were randomly divided into derivation and validation cohorts. The end point was stent expansion (minimum stent area/average of reference lumen area) at the maximum calcium site, and stent expansion <70% was considered underexpansion.

Results:

The morphological characteristics associated with stent underexpansion in derivation cohort were (1) superficial calcium angle >270° longer than 5 mm (regression coefficient, −13.0 [95% CI, −18.1 to −7.8],
P
<0.0001), (2) 360° of superficial calcium (regression coefficient, −14.2 [95% CI, −22.8 to −5.5],
P
=0.001), (3) calcified nodule (regression coefficient, −8.3 [95% CI, −14.3 to −2.2],
P
=0.007), and (4) vessel diameter <3.5 mm (regression coefficient, −9.4 [95% CI, −16.0 to −2.7],
P
=0.006). The calcium score (0-4) was significantly correlated with poor stent expansion (regression coefficient, −8.1 [95% CI, −10.5 to −5.7],
P
<0.0001) in the validation cohort as well as in the atherectomy cohort (regression coefficient, −4.8 [95% CI, −7.2 to −2.5],
P
<0.0001) with significant interaction between validation and atherectomy cohorts (
P
interaction
=0.02). In lesions without angiographic calcium, all calcium severity parameters were less than in the validation cohort, and stent underexpansion was observed in only 1.5% (1/67) of lesions.

Conclusions:

This intravascular ultrasound calcium score provides the interventionalists with a reliable tool to identify calcified stenoses at risk for stent underexpansion and requiring adjunctive calcium modification before stent implantation.
Long-Term Clinical Impact of Intravascular Ultrasound Guidance in Stenting for Left Main Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Kang Do-Yoon , Ahn Jung-Min , Yun Sung-Cheol , Park Hanbit , Cho Sang-Cheol , Kim Tae Oh , Park Sangwoo , Lee Pil Hyung , Lee Seung-Whan , Park Seong-Wook , Park Duk-Woo , Park Seung-Jung
Published: October 2021

Background:

Compared with angiographic guidance, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with better clinical outcomes. However, its very long-term clinical effect is still unclear in patients undergoing PCI for unprotected left main coronary artery disease.

Methods:

To compare 10-year outcomes of IVUS-guided versus angiography-guided PCI for left main coronary artery disease, we evaluated 975 patients who underwent unprotected left main coronary artery PCI between January 2000 and June 2006 from the MAIN-COMPARE (The Revascularization for Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Stenosis: Comparison of Percutaneous Coronary Angioplasty Versus Surgical Revascularization) registry. The 10-year rates of clinical outcomes (death; the composite of death, Q-wave myocardial infarction [MI], or stroke; and target-vessel revascularization) were compared between IVUS guidance and angiography guidance. Adjusted analyses were performed with the use of inverse-probability-treatment-weighting and propensity score matching.

Results:

Among the 975 patients, 756 (77.5%) had IVUS guidance. The observed 10-year incidence rate of death (16.4% versus 31.0%,
P
<0.001) and composite of death, Q-wave MI, or stroke (19.2% versus 32.9%,
P
<0.001) was significantly lower in the IVUS-guided than in the angiography-guided group. The 10-year incidence rate of target-vessel revascularization was similar between the 2 groups (21.8% versus 18.3%,
P
=0.41). After adjusting for potential confounders with inverse-probability-treatment-weighting, IVUS was associated with lower incidence of mortality (hazard ratio, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.55–1.03];
P
=0.07) and composite of death, Q-wave MI, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.59–1.06];
P
=0.11). In 208 propensity score–matched pairs, IVUS was also associated with lower incidence of death (hazard ratio, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.53–1.02];
P
=0.07) and composite outcome of death, Q-wave MI, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.52–0.97];
P
=0.03). The benefit of IVUS-guided PCI was consistent in the various subsets of clinical and anatomic characteristics.

Conclusions:

In patients undergoing PCI for unprotected left main coronary artery disease, IVUS-guided PCI compared with angiography-guided PCI was associated with lower long-term (10-year) risks of morality and composite of death, Q-wave MI, or stroke.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02791412.