bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional polyketones for the removal of calcium and magnesium from water (part I): synthesis and chemical characterization
Authors: Figaroa Patrick A. , Miedema Henk , Euverink Gert-Jan , Picchioni Francesco
Published: January 2017

The aim of the present study was to design and synthesize a new class of compounds for the softening of hard water, i.e. for the removal of the divalent cations Ca2+ and Mg2+. To that end, a class of alternating aliphatic polyketones (copolymers of ethylene and propylene with carbon monoxide, PK30) was functionalized with a variety of amines employing the Paal-Knorr reaction, a relatively straightforward reaction-route to synthesize functional polyketones. The amino groups included aliphatic and aromatic structures with a molecular weight ranging from 74.1 to 129.2 g/mol. Elemental analysis was used to establish the degree of functionalization, whereas 1H-NMR spectroscopy was used to identify the molecular structure of the prepared polymers. Model compounds were used as reference for guiding structure determination and for studying the (relative) reaction kinetics.
Soil depth profiles and radiological assessment of natural radionuclides in forest ecosystem
Authors: Manigandan P. K. , Chandar Shekar B.
Published: January 2017

We measured the distribution of three naturally occurring radionuclides, 238U, 232Th, and 40K, in soil samples collected from a rainforest in the Western Ghats of India. For each surface sample, we calculated average activity concentration, outdoor terrestrial γ dose rate, annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE), and radiation hazard index. The activity concentrations of surface samples were randomly distributed over space, but differed slightly with different soil depths. The concentration of 232Th and the average terrestrial γ dose rates were slightly higher than the world averages, so slightly high γ radiation appears to be a general characteristic of the Western Ghats. However, all radiological hazard indices were within the limits proposed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. The results reported here indicate that, except for 232Th, the naturally occurring radionuclides in the forest soils of the Western Ghats were within the ranges specified by United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation for undisturbed virgin soils.
Optimization of operational conditions in continuous electrodeionization method for maximizing Strontium and Cesium removal from aqueous solutions using artificial neural network
Authors: Zahakifar Fazel , Keshtkar Alireza , Nazemi Ehsan , Zaheri Adib
Published: January 2017

Strontium (Sr) and Cesium (Cs) are two important nuclear fission products which are present in the radioactive wastewater resulting from nuclear power plants. They should be treated by considering environmental and economic aspects. In this study, artificial neural network (ANN) was implemented to evaluate the optimal experimental conditions in continuous electrodeionization method in order to achieve the highest removal percentage of Sr and Ce from aqueous solutions. Three control factors at three levels were tested in experiments for Sr and Cs: Feed concentration (10, 50 and 100 mg/L), flow rate (2.5, 3.75 and 5 mL/min) and voltage (5, 7.5 and 10 V). The obtained data from the experiments were used to train two ANNs. The three control factors were utilized as the inputs of ANNs and two quality responses were used as the outputs, separately (each ANN for one quality response). After training the ANNs, 1024 different control factor levels with various quality responses were predicted and finally the optimum control factor levels were obtained. Results demonstrated that the optimum levels of the control factors for maximum removing of Sr (97.6%) had an applied voltage of 10 V, a flow rate of 2.5 mL/min and a feed concentration of 10 mg/L. As for Cs (67.8%) they were 10 V, 2.55 mL/min and 50 mg/L, respectively.
Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and related biochemical parameters in various cancer species
Authors: Çiçek Hülya , Güleken Nesli , Öztuzcu Serdar , Sevinç Alper
Published: January 2017

Objective

Certain cancer types have been shown to be associated with vitamin D deficiency. The aim of this study was to appraise the relationship between the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of VDR Fok1 and Bsm1 with serum vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus levels among patients of lung, colon, breast and pancreatic cancer patients.

Materials and methods

Groups; lung, colon, breast and pancreatic cancer patients (n=212) and 58 age-matched healthy controls. Serum levels of vitamin D were measured by immunochemiluminesence method and Fok1 and Bsm1 genotypes were assessed with Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction.

Results

VDR Fok1 and Bsm1 genetic polymorphisms have a significant difference between lung cancer and control group subjects (p=0.042, p=0.040, respectively). VDR Bsm1 genetic polymorphism has a significant association between breast cancer and control group according to the logistic regression model (p=0.038). Vitamin D levels were found significantly lower in all cancer groups (p<0.01). Phosphorus levels of lung cancer and calcium levels of pancreatic cancer patients were statistically significantly lower than control group (p<0.02, p<0.01).

Conclusion

This study indicates that VDR genetic polymorphisms, calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D status of individuals were associated with certain cancer species.
Is there a relation between Murine double minute 2 T309G polymorphism and lung cancer risk in the Turkish population?
Authors: Yilmaz Meral , Tas Ayça , Kacan Turgut , Sari Musa , Silig Yavuz
Published: January 2017

Introduction

Association between Murine double minute 2 T309G polymorphism and lung cancer risk has been investigated in several populations, but results of these studies are inconsistent. We aimed to investigate the effect of Murine double minute 2 T309G polymorphism on development of lung cancer in a Turkish population.

Methods

Total 200 subjects including 100 patients and 100 controls were analyzed and used polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism methods for genotyping analysis of the polymorphism.

Results

We found that smokers compared with non-smokers have approximately eight fold higher lung cancer risk [p=0.0001, OR=8.27 (4.02–16.9)]. Frequency of GG genotype was higher in patients than in controls, but this ratio was not significant (χ2=3.5, p=0.17). Genotype distribution of the polymorphism was not different neither patients with non-small cell lung cancer nor patients with small cell lung cancer (χ2=2.89, p=0.57). We analyzed together with demographic feature (except smoking habit), clinicopathological findings and genotype frequencies of this polymorphism, and any association with lung cancer risk was not obtained.

Conclusion

No correlation between Murine double minute 2 T309G polymorphism and lung cancer risk was detected in this Turkish population.
Synthesis and crystal structure of the rare earth borogermanate EuGeBO5
Authors: Chi Yang , Zhuang Yan , Guo Sheng-Ping
Published: January 2017

The synthesis and crystal structure of the rare earth borogermanate EuGeBO5 are reported. It is synthesized by high-temperature solid-state reaction and crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c (no. 14) with the unit cell parameters a=4.8860(5), b=7.5229(8), c=9.9587(10) Å, and β=91.709(3)°. Its crystal structure features a polyanion-type layer (GeBO5)3− constructed by BO4 and GeO4 tetrahedra connected alternatingly. Eu3+ ions are located in cavities and are coordinated by eight O atoms. Various structures of the related compounds REMM′O5 (RE=rare earth metal; M=Si, Ge, and Sn; M′=B, Al, and Ga) are also discussed.
X-ray and NQR studies of bromoindate(III) complexes: [C2H5NH3]4InBr7, [C(NH2)3]3InBr6, and [H3NCH2C(CH3)2CH2NH3]InBr5
Authors: Iwakiri Takeharu , Terao Hiromitsu , Lork Enno , Gesing Thorsten M. , Ishihara Hideta
Published: January 2017

The crystal structures of [C2H5NH3]4InBr7(1), [C(NH2)3]3InBr6(2), and [H3NCH2C(CH3)2CH2NH3]InBr5(3) were determined at 100(2) K: monoclinic, P21
/n, a=1061.94(3), b=1186.40(4), c=2007.88(7) pm, β= 104.575(1)°, Z=4 for 1; monoclinic, C2/c, a=3128.81(12), b=878.42(3), c=2816.50(10) pm, β=92.1320(10)°, Z=16 for 2; orthorhombic, P212121, a=1250.33(5), b=1391.46(6), c=2503.22(9) pm, Z=4 for 3. The structure of 1 contains an isolated octahedral [InBr6]3− ion and a Br− ion. The structure of 2 contains three different isolated octahedral [InBr6]3− ions. The structure of 3 has a corner-shared double-octahedral [In2Br11]5− ion and an isolated tetrahedral [InBr4]− ion. The 81Br nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) lines of the terminal Br atoms of the compounds are widely spread in frequency, and some of them show unusual positive temperature dependence. These observations manifest the N−H···Br−In hydrogen bond networks developed between the cations and anions to stabilize the crystal structures. The 81Br NQR and differential thermal analysis (DTA) measurements have revealed the occurrence of unique phase transitions in 1 and 3. When the bond angles were estimated from the electric field gradient (EFG) directions calculated by the molecular orbital (MO) methods, accurate values were obtained for [InBr6]3− of 1 and for [In2Br11]5− and [InBr4]− of 3, except for several exceptions in those for the latter two ions. On the other hand, the calculations of 81Br NQR frequencies have produced up to 1.4 times higher values than the observed ones.
Electronic structure and chemical bonding in LaIrSi-type intermetallics
Authors: Matar Samir F. , Pöttgen Rainer , Nakhl Michel
Published: January 2017

The cubic LaIrSi type has 23 representatives in aluminides, gallides, silicides, germanides, phosphides, and arsenides, all with a valence electron count of 16 or 17. The striking structural motif is a three-dimensional network of the transition metal (T) and p element (X) atoms with TX
3/3 respectively XT
3/3 coordination. Alkaline earth or rare earth atoms fill cavities within the polyanionic [TX]δ− networks. The present work presents a detailed theoretical study of chemical bonding in LaIrSi-type representatives, exemplarily for CaPtSi, BaIrP, BaAuGa, LaIrSi, CeRhSi, and CeIrSi. DFT-GGA-based electronic structure calculations show weakly metallic compounds with itinerant small magnitude DOSs at E
F except for CeRhSi whose large Ce DOS at E
F leads to a finite magnetization on Ce (0.73 μB) and induced small moments of opposite sign on Rh and Si in a ferromagnetic ground state. The chemical bonding analyses show dominant bonding within the [TX]δ− polyanionic networks. Charge transfer magnitudes were found in accordance with the course of the electronegativites of the chemical constituents.
Influence of structure of lactones with the methylcyclohexene and dimethylcyclohexene ring on their biotransformation and antimicrobial activity
Authors: Wińska Katarzyna , Grabarczyk Małgorzata , Mączka Wanda , Żarowska Barbara , Maciejewska Gabriela , Anioł Mirosław
Published: January 2017

The aim of this article is influence of the structure of lactones with the methylcyclohexene and dimethylcyclohexene ring on their biotransformation and antimicrobial activity. This work was based on the general remark that even the smallest change in the structure of a compound can affect its biological properties. The results of the biotransformation of four bicyclic unsaturated lactones with one or two methyl groups in the cyclohexene ring was tested using fifteen fungal strains (Fusarium species, Penicillium species, Absidia species, Cunninghamella japonica, and Pleurotus ostreatus) and five yeast strains (Yarrowia lipolytica, Rhodorula marina, Rhodorula rubra, Candida viswanathii, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae). During these transformations, new epoxylactone and hydroxylactone were obtained. The relationship between the substrate structure and the ability of the microorganisms to transform them were analysed. Only compounds with C–O bond of lactone ring in the equatorial position were transformed by fungus. All presented here lactones were examined also for their antimicrobial activity. It turned out that these compounds exhibited growth inhibition of bacteria and fungi, mainly Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and Penicillium expansum.
The first evidence for Late Pleistocene hominin populations on the southern Caspian Sea coast
Authors: Vahdati Nasab Hamed , Roustaei Kourosh , Ghamari Fatideh Mohammad , Shojaeefar Fatemeh , Hashemi Sarvandi Milad
Published: January 2017

The southern shore of the Caspian Sea is well known for its great potential in relation to sites of Mesolithic date (e.g. Coon 1951; Jayez & Vahdati Nasab 2016). Situated between two major geographic barriers—the Alborz Mountains to the south, and the Caspian Sea to the north—this area has been considered one of the major hominin dispersal corridors during the Pleistocene–Holocene transition (Vahdati Nasab et al. 2013). Furthermore, the relatively stable and mild climatic conditions, vast and lush temperate forests, and abundance of fauna and water resources have all made this region an attractive niche for human settlement.
Shimao and Erlitou: new perspectives on the origins of the bronze industry in central China
Authors: Rawson J.
Published: January 2017

Over the last five years, excavation of a large, stone, fortified site at Shimao, on the northern edge of the Loess Plateau in Shaanxi Province, China, has radically changed our understanding of the events that precipitated the development of the first bronze casting in central China at Erlitou (Figure 1). An international conference on the Shimao site, held at Shenmu in August 2016, explored many aspects of this major discovery.
Gnrh mRNA expression in the brain of cooperatively breeding female Damaraland mole-rats
Authors: Voigt Cornelia , Bennett Nigel C
Published: January 2017

The Damaraland mole-rat (Fukomys damarensis) is a eusocial, subterranean rodent, in which breeding is limited to a single reproductive pair within each colony. Non-reproductive females, while in the confines of the colony, exhibit socially induced infertility. Anovulation is thought to be caused by a disruption in the normal gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GNRH) secretion from the hypothalamus. To assess whether social suppression is associated with alteredGnrhmRNA expression in the brain, we investigated the distribution and gene expression levels by means ofin situhybridization in female breeders and non-breeders from field captured colonies of the Damaraland mole-rat. We found expression ofGnrhmRNA as a loose network in several forebrain areas of female Damaraland mole-rats with the majority of labelling in the preoptic and anterior hypothalamus. The distribution matched previous findings using immunocytochemistry in this and other social mole-rat species. Quantification of the hybridisation signal revealed no difference between breeding and non-breeding females in the average optical density of the hybridization signal and the size of the total area covered byGnrhmRNA. However, analysis along the rostro-caudal axis revealed significantly elevatedGnrhmRNA expression in the rostral preoptic region of breeders compared to non-breeders, whereas the latter had increasedGnrhmRNA expression at the caudal level of the anterior hypothalamus. This study indicates that social suppression affects the expression ofGnrhmRNA in female Damaraland mole-rats. Furthermore, differential regulation occurs within different neuron subpopulations.
The Right to Strike in Kuwait: International and National Perspectives
Authors: Al-Ajmi Thaqal S. , Almutari Turki S.
Published: January 2017

This study discusses the most controversial right to strike by discerning its inclusion in public international law, in general, and international labour law, in particular.  For the first time, it searches the right to strike in the unclear Kuwaiti laws by trying to prove the existence of such right. It then answers the question of whether such organisation of the right to strike for both workers and employee in Kuwait's national law conforms to the relevant international law.
La implantación del modelo territorial bonapartista. La prefectura de Granada.
Authors: Prados García Celia
Published: January 2017

Con este trabajo se pretende una reflexión sobre la reforma, del modelo territorial, emprendida por José I durante su breve reinado. El monarca trató de solventar  las imperfecciones de la administración territorial a través de la división del reino en prefecturas. La norma que sentó las bases para establecer el nuevo modelo del gobierno civil de los pueblos fue el Decreto de 17 de abril de 1810, diseñando un mapa integrado por treinta y ocho prefecturas y ciento once subprefecturas. El estudio se centrará en el análisis de la aplicación del sistema prefectural en Granada entre 1810  y 1812, años de la ocupación de la ciudad por las tropas francesas, que no estuvo exenta de problemas y sí muy condicionada a las dificultades de la guerra.
PRANCŪZIJOS ISTORIJOS POLITIKA: ALŽYRO ATMINTIES UŽMIRŠIMAS
Authors: Ulichina Inesa
Published: January 2017

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama Prancūzijos identiteto krizė dėl arabiškosios tapatybės dalies neigimo. Identitetas charakterizuojamas per Alžyro koloni­zavimo ir nepriklausomybės karo atminties vietą Prancūzijos nacionalinia­me mite. Į atminties ir mito sąveiką žvelgiama atliekant atvejo, atspindinčio Prancūzijos valdančiųjų politiką Alžyro atminties atžvilgu, analizę. Pagrindi­nis analizės objektas – Prancūzijos istorijos politika. Straipsnyje pateikiama atminties ir mito teorinių sampratų apžvalga, aptariami jų skirtumai ir sąvei­kos būdai; išaiškinamas ryšys tarp Prancūzijos valstybės vykdomo Alžyro atminties neigimo ir Prancūzijos tapatybės krizės; atskleidžiama dabartinė Prancūzijos valstybinio mito ir Alžyro atminties santykio dinamika, pasireiš­kianti Prancūzijos tapatybinėmis įtampomis dėl jos arabiškosios populiacijos dalies.
BERGSONO „INTUICIJA“ KINIJOJE IR JOS KONFUCINĖ PLĖTOTĖ (1915–1923): KELETAS PASTABŲ APIE ZHIJUE MODERNIOJOJE KINIJOS FILOSOFIJOJE
Authors: Ciaudo Joseph
Published: January 2017

Straipsnyje tiriamas Henri Bergsono filosofinių raštų vertimas ir jo santykis su intuicijos (zhijue 直覺) sąvokos raida šiuolaikinėje Kinijos filosofijoje. Bergsono intuicijos sąvoka buvo greitai susieta su „pažinimo dorybe“ (dexing zhi zhi 德性之知) ir virto viena pagrindinių modernių kiniškų sąvokų, kuriomis svarstomi etiniai ir moraliniai klausimai. Tačiau kinų filosofai ėmė naudoti Bergsono intuiciją kaip moralės filosofijos instrumentą anksčiau, nei pats Bergsonas pradėjo rašyti apie moralės filosofiją. Šiame straipsnyje išaiškinamas intuicijos sumoralinimas kiniškame kontekste bei keliamas klausimas apie zhijue sąvokos susiformavimą. Pagrindiniai šiame straipsnyje analizuojami dokumentai yra kiniški „Metafizikos įvado“ (1903) vertimai ir keletas apie 1921 m. pasirodžiusių straipsnių, susijusių su Bergsonu.
Geography of Food and the Urban Network in the Tri-Border Brazil-Peru-Colombia: The Case of Production and Commercialization of Poultry in the Amazon
Authors: Schor Tatiana , Avelino Francisco Carlos da Costa
Published: January 2017

En la Amazonía brasileña, se identifica cada vez más una fuerte transformación de los hábitos alimenticios, especialmenteen relación con la sustitución del consumo de alimentos frescos por comida procesada. Un elemento importante de esta transformación es la sustitución de proteína obtenida a nivel local por la carne de pollo "congelado". Esta transformación de los hábitos alimenticios se producede forma diferente dependiendo de la estructura de mercado, la producción y la comercialización. Hemos tratado de examinar el área de la Triple Frontera Brasil-Colombia-Perú, considerando la importancia de la ciudad de Tabatinga en la región y las peculiaridades de otras ciudades, así como las interacciones urbanas, buscando identificar los flujos de suministro y las relaciones económicas, que también se producen con las ciudades cercanas de Perú y Colombia. A través de la variable “pollo”, este artículo hace una relectura de la red urbana y la dinámica en la frontera occidental de la Amazonía.
Dinámica de la precipitación, la temperatura y la razón de aridez (1973-2011) en un escenario de cambio global en la isla de la vieja Providencia, Colombia: ¿qué está cambiando?
Authors: Ruiz Jorge , Molano-González Nicolás
Published: January 2017

Se hizo un análisis estadístico de la tendencia de la precipitación, temperatura media mensual y la razón de aridez anual para el periodo 1973-2011, en Providencia Isla, Colombia. Los dieciséis datos mensuales faltantes se imputaron con un modelo SARIMA. Los resultados sugieren que la precipitación no presenta tendencia, mientras que su varianza inequívocamente está en aumento. La temperatura muestra una pendiente pronunciada hasta 1981 y la prueba de Mann-Kendall exhibe una tendencia positiva y altamente significativa para toda la serie, aunque no según la prueba de Dickey-Fuller. La evidencia de la varianza de temperatura va en aumento. En el caso de la razón de aridez anual, la demostración de tendencia es contradictoria y no se observó efecto alguno de El Niño Southern Oscilation (ENSO).
Determination of the Relative Sediment Concentration in Water Bodies Using Remote Sensing Methodology
Authors: Vargas Cuervo Germán
Published: January 2017

Los estudios para la determinación de la concentración relativa de sedimentos (CRS) en cuerpos de agua como ríos, ciénagas o deltas fluviales requieren equipos especializados, trabajo de campo y análisis de laboratorio de muestras con altos costos económicos. Los sensores remotos, en regiones del espectro electromagnético óptico, particularmente en el rango visible entre 0.4 y 0.6 µm, permiten determinar contrastes radiométricos asociados a la concentración relativa de sedimentos en cuerpos de agua. En este trabajo, se presenta un análisis de las principales propiedades o características espectrales, espaciales y radiométricas de los sensores remotos para la determinación de la concentración relativa de sedimentos en cuerpos de agua, un proceso metodológico para su cartografía en un momento determinado y en un periodo de tiempo establecido. Esta cartografía está basada en el procesamiento digital de las imágenes pero no en mediciones directas en campo. Finalmente se presentan aplicaciones en el litoral costero y deltaico de la parte suroccidental del mar Caribe colombiano entre Barranquilla y Punta Piedra y en la zona lacustre del Embalse del Guájaro y las Ciénagas del Jobo y Capote en la cuenca alta del Canal del Dique, Colombia.
Construções teóricas sobre o território e sua transição: A contribuição da Geografia brasileira
Authors: Fuini Lucas Labigalini
Published: January 2017

El territorio es uno de los conceptos fundamentales de la ciencia geográfica. Actualmente, está cada vez más presente en los trabajos académicos que explican, de diferentes maneras, cómo la sociedad controla, se apropia y produce el espacio por medio de determinantes multidimensionales y multiescalares. En este artículo nos proponemos analizar, en profundidad, la caracterización que el concepto de territorio adquirió en la geografía científica construida en Brasil en el período de transición de la Modernidad a la Posmodernidad (desde finales de 1970 hasta el presente). Se trata de explorar el concepto en su naturaleza política, económica, social, cultural y didáctico-pedagógica.
Mortality in patients with esophageal and gastroesophageal tumors treated with self-expandable stents
Authors: Rendón Juliana , Oliveros Ricardo , Sánchez Ricardo
Published: January 2017

Introduction: Esophageal cancer is an aggressive disease and is the eighth cause of malignant tumors worldwide. To treat dysphagia, auto expandable prosthesis (AEP) are used in order to optimize the nutritional status and quality of life of the patients.Objectives: To quantify patients’ mortality and to evaluate variables related with this outcome.Materials and methods: Retrospective cohort study that involved 135 patients with esophageal malignant obstruction that required AEP insertion. Survival and incidence density rates were estimated. The effect of these variables on the probability of death was assessed by using Cox models.Results: Overall mortality rate was 13.7 deaths per 100 patients/month (95%CI: 10.9-17.1). Univariate analysis showed significant differences in survival functions according to pre-intervention albumin levels and the prosthesis size (>12cm). In the Cox model, albumin level (HR=0.53, 95%CI 0.31 to 0.89) was the only significant result.Conclusions: AEP represent a therapeutic option to improve symptoms in patients with advanced esophageal and gastroesophageal junction tumors. This technique has few complications and its clinical success is around 90%. Patients’ nutritional status and length of the stenosis caused by the tumor are variables that must be evaluated before performing a procedure as they seem to be related to mortality.
Case report: sleep alterations associated with hypothyroidism
Authors: Chica-Urzola Heydy Luz
Published: January 2017

This paper presents a case report of a perimenopausal woman who repeatedly attended health care institutions due to chronic insomnia, and underwent pharmacological treatments and psychiatric hospitalizations without achieving any positive result for nearly three years. After compiling all the information of the case, as well as analyzing previous and recent paraclinical studies, the patient was diagnosed with hypothyroidism.The purpose of this paper is to draw attention on the adequate use of clinical diagnostic tools and processes to optimize the medical practice and to offer a better service to patients.
Salmonella enteritidis meningitis in an infant: Case report and literature review
Authors: Cedeño-Burbano Anuar Alonso , Galeano-Triviño Gerardo Alfonso , Manquillo-Arias William Andrés , Muñoz-García David Andrés
Published: January 2017

Salmonella meningitis is an entity with relatively low incidence. In developed countries, it represents 1% of meningitis cases while in developing countries it may occur in up to 13%. Its treatment is difficult and there is no consensus about it.This article presents the case of an infant with a clinical picture consisting of coughing, runny nose, fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, hyporexia and hypoactivity, with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) test compatible with bacterial meningitis and common germs culture positive for Salmonella spp, which was finally typified as Salmonella Enteritidis. The patient was mainly treated with meropenem showing favorable results.This case evidences the difficulty of antibiotic treatment for Salmonella spp meningitis, especially if it is taken into account that its management is based on case reports and expert recommendations due to the lack of randomized clinical trials.
New Hybrid Inorganic/Organic Block Copolymers as Templates for
the Formation of Mesostructured Materials
Authors: Kickelbick Guido , Bauer Josef , Hüsing Nicola
Published: January 2017

Amphiphilic block copolymers were prepared with poly(dimethylsiloxane)
(PDMS) as the hydrophobic unit. The hydrophilic block was composed of either
a poly (ethylene oxide) or a functionalized polysiloxane unit. The polymer
based on polysiloxane blocks only, represents one of the first examples of a
new class of surfactants with a purely inorganic Si-O backbone. Beside their
potential use as templates for the synthesis of mesostructured inorganic
materials, these new polymers offer the possibility of being transformed
into porous mesostructured silica-based material by controlled
pyrolysis.
Cytotoxic Activity and Secondary Metabolite Characteristics of Sea Cucumber Actinopyga sp. Methanolic Extract
Authors: Nursid Muhammad , Maharani Afrilia Putri , Riyanti Riyanti , Marraskuranto Endar
Published: January 2017

The objectives of this research were to assess cytotoxic activity and examine characteristic of sea cucumber Actinopyga sp. methanolic extract. Cytotoxicity assay was conducted using MTT method against WiDr (colon cancer) and T47D (breast cancer) cell lines. Actinopyga sp. methanolic extract was characterized by using phytochemical screening, Transform-Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, dan  Liquid Chromatography Ion Trap Time of Flight Mass Spectrophotometer (LC-IT-ToF-MS).  The result showed that Actinopyga sp. methanolic extract inhibited Widr and T47D cell lines viability with the IC50 value of 55.93 and 87.55 µg/mL, respectively. Functional groups analysis showed the presence of hydroxyl, amine, carboxylic acid, nitrate, amide, sulphur, ester, and ether. LC-IT-ToF-MS analysis of crude extract showed that it containing many steroids compound.
The Urine Preservative Acetic Acid Degrades Urine Protein: Implications for Urine Biorepositories and the AASK Cohort Study
Authors: Almaani Salem , Hebert Lee A. , Rovin Brad H. , Birmingham Daniel J.
Published: January 2017

Patients enrolled in the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension (AASK) Cohort Study who exhibited overt proteinuria have been reported to show high nonalbumin proteinuria (NAP), which is characteristic of a tubulopathy. To determine whether African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension nephropathy (AASK-N) is a tubulopathy, we obtained urine samples of 37 patients with AASK-N, with 24-hour protein-to-creatinine ratios (milligrams per milligram) ranging from 0.2 to 1.0, from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases repository and tested for seven markers of tubular proteinuria. By protocol, each sample had been collected in acetic acid (0.5%; mean final concentration). Compared with samples from patients with lupus nephritis or healthy black controls, AASK-N samples had lower amounts of six markers. Four markers (albumin, β-2-microglobulin, cystatin C, and osteopontin) were undetectable in most AASK-N samples. Examination by SDS-PAGE followed by protein staining revealed protein profiles indicative of severe protein degradation in 34 of 37 AASK-N urine samples. Treatment of lupus nephritis urine samples with 0.5% acetic acid produced the same protein degradation profile as that of AASK-N urine. We conclude that the increased NAP in AASK-N is an artifact of acetic acid–mediated degradation of albumin. The AASK-N repository urine samples have been compromised by the acetic acid preservative.
Belief in a Just World as a Correlate of Psychological Well-being
Authors: Astanina N.B.
Published: January 2017

Article presents research of relationship of Belief in a Just World and Psychological well-being of adolescents. 212 adolescents aged from 13 to 18 years in schools and secondary specialized educational institutions of Voronezh were surveyed. Following methods were used for investigation of empirical constructs: “General Belief in a Just World Scale”
(M. Schmitt, L. Montada, C. Dalbert), “General Belief in a Unjust World Scale” (J. Maes), “Belief in Immanent Justice Scale” (J. Maes), “Belief in Ultimate Justice Scale” (J. Maes),
“5-Dimensional Belief in a Just Treatment Scale” (K. Stroebe), “Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being scale” (R. Tennart). Revealed that adolescents’ psychological well-being is positively correlated with General Belief in a Just World and its species: Belief in Immanent and Ultimate justice. It is also positively correlated with Belief in God, Nature, other people and Self-concept as sources of justice. We compared the ratio of Belief in a Just and an Unjust world in adolescents with different levels of psychological well-being. We found that psychologically advantaged adolescents’ Belief in an Unjust world is balanced by Belief in Ultimate justice; adolescents with low level of psychological well-being believe that the world is mostly unjust.

This work was supported by grant RFH № 15-36-01233.
The Social Cognition Impairments of People with Schizophrenia and Affective Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Kholmogorova A.B. , Tsarenko D.M. , Moskacheva M.A.
Published: January 2017

This work was supported by grant RSF № 14-18-03461 on the basis of the Serbsky State Scientific Center for Social and Forensic Psychiatry.
All-Russian Conference with International Participation “Diagnostics in Medical Psychology: Traditions and Prospects (To the 105th Anniversary of S.Ya. Rubinstein)”
Authors: Zvereva M.V. , Shvedovskiy E.F.
Published: January 2017

November 29-30 the All-Russian scientific and practical conference with international participation «Diagnostics in Medical Psychology: Traditions and Prospects (To the 105th anniversary of S.Ya. Rubinstein) » took place in Moscow. Organizers of the conference – Mental health research center and Moscow state university of psychology and education. Article provides information on the carried-out sections, meetings, discussions of reports and other events of a conference.
Liver abscess presentation and management: a retrospective study
Authors: T. Kemparaj , Khan Mohammed Rehan , Narayan Sagar
Published: January 2017

Background: Liver abscess is defined as collection of purulent material in liver parenchyma which can be due to bacterial, parasitic, fungal, or mixed infection. It is a common condition across the globe. The aim was to study the clinical profile, microbiological aetiology, and investigation profile and treatment outcomes in patients with liver abscess.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted from January 2010 to December 2014 on 200 consecutive liver abscess patients at Bowring and Lady Curzon hospital, BMC and RI, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. Medical records were analysed for clinical features, examination findings, laboratory investigations, radiological tests, microbiological analysis and treatment modalities. Descriptive statistics were used.Results: The mean age of patients was 42.25 years. Majority were male alcoholics. The abscesses were commonly in right lobe (80%) and solitary (72%). Abscesses were predominantly amoebic in 72%. Percutaneous needle aspiration was done in 34%, pigtail drainage in 48% and surgical intervention for rupture in 4% patients. Mortality was 2.5% with all death reported in surgical group.Conclusions: Amoebic liver abscess is more common than pyogenic liver abscess. Commonly occurs in young alcoholic males. Most common presenting feature is pain abdomen followed by fever. Most common sign include tender hepatomegaly. Ultrasound abdomen is useful not only in diagnosis and intervention but also in the follow up of the condition and to assess resolution.
To study the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus and risk factors associated with GDM
Authors: Anand Maxima , Anand Manan , Mahajan Devinder Singh
Published: January 2017

Background: Diabetes is estimated to complicate 2-5% of all pregnancies of which 90% of those are detected during pregnancy i.e. gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the rest are overt or pregestational i.e. either Type 1 or Type 2. According to ADA, approximately 7% of all pregnancies are complicated by GDM resulting in more than 2,00,000 cases annually. The aim was to study the incidence of GDM among pregnant women between 24 to 28 weeks of gestation, to evaluate and compare the occurrence of risk factors e.g.; family history of diabetes, prematurity, history of foetal loss and congenital anomaly associated with diabetes in pregnancy.Methods: 50gm of glucose, glucose challenge test (GCT) was given to women coming for antenatal check-up between 24 to 28 weeks of gestation irrespective of presence or absence of risk factors for GDM.1 hour glucose levels were checked. Patients with glucose levels more than 130mg/dl were subjected to 100gm of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) according to Carpenter and Coustan modification of the National Diabetes Data. Data was compiled and statistically analysed.Results: In this study it was observed that 20 (women had raised GCT, 11 (5.3%) women developed GDM out of 206 women. All GDM patients have one or more risk factors. Age >25 years (63.6%) fetal loss (36.3%), BMI (33.3%) are common risk factors followed by family history of diabetes (27.3%).Conclusions: Family history of diabetes and past history of congenital anomalies are statistically significant in GDM group as compared to non GDM.
PEMBINAAN KERUKUNAN UMAT BERAGAMA MASYARAKAT TRANSMIGRAN DI KALIMANTAN TENGAH
Authors: Uddin Mukhtar
Published: January 2017

Indonesia is plural society. This pluralism is observed in its
ethnics, religions, languages, and customs. In social life, pluralism
in religion especially often creates many problems. This could
happen in migrant society. It is, for example, effected by
interpretation of each religious moral; although in their religion
also suggest tolerance.

Hence, government needs to manage trans-migrant society.
This management could be observed in management administration.
Result of the study show that governmental management generally
only gives religious community's harmony at the beginning of their
settlement in trans-migrant areas. Afterward, management is doing
by religious figures and communities figures. That management is
not specifically designed to manage community in harmony among
religious community in that area. The management is through
pengajian, religious preaches and lecturers,
KERUKUNAN DALAM RITUAL TRAH KEJAWEN BONOKELING DI DESA PEKUNCEN KABUPATEN BANYUMAS
Authors: RACHMADHANI ARNIS
Published: January 2017

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif yang dilakukan di komunitas adat kejawen di Desa Pekuncen Kabupaten Banyumas. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, pengamatan, dan dokumentasi, Kajian penelitian ini mendeskripsikan ritual unggahan dan udunan yang bisa menjadi inspirasi dalam membangun atau menguatkan kerukunan umat beragama. Makna dari kegiatan unggahan atau sadran sebagai persiapan bagi para petani dalam menghadapi musim tanam padi, sedangkan kegiatan udunan sebagai tanda syukur dalam menghadapi musim panen padi. Makna lainnya yaitu kegiatan unggahan atau sadran dalam menghadapi bulan puasa Ramadhan, dan sebagai tanda selesainya adalah udunan.

 

Kata kunci: Kejawen, Bonokeling, unggahan, udunan.
DINAMIKA PENDIRIAN GEREJA KRISTEN SONGKA DAN GEREJA TORAJA JEMAAT MARANNU DI KOTA PALOPO
Authors: DACHLAN MUH
Published: January 2017

Dinamika pendirian rumah ibadat di Kota Palopo menarik untuk dikaji secara mendalam. Pembukaan pemukiman perumahan-perumahan baru bagi penduduk di Kota Palopo, di satu sisi merupakan kebutuhan mendasar bagi penduduk kota tersebut. Akan tetapi di sisi lain, tumbuh dan berkembangnya pemukiman baru tersebut memunculkan gesekan baru terkait pendirian rumah ibadat. Penelitian dengan pendekatan deskripsi kualitaif ini menemukan tiga temuan utama. Pertama, dalam pendirian rumah ibadat terjadi persaingan antara penduduk muslim dan penduduk   muslim dan non muslim. Kedua, terbitnya PBM No 9 dan 8 Tahun 2006 belum mampu secara tuntas menyelesaikan persoalan pendirian rumah ibadat dan hal ini berpotensi menjadi konflik antar pemeluk agama. Ketiga, pendirian gereja masih menyisakan persoalan, baik gereja yang berdiri sebelum PBM lahir maupun gereja yang berdiri setelah regulasi PBM tersebut digulirkan.

Kata kunci: Rumah Ibadat, Gereja Kristen Songka, Gereja Toraja,  PBM No 8 dan 9 tahun 2006.
KUALITAS BUTIR SOAL PAI PADA UJIAN SEKOLAH BERSTANDAR NASIONAL
Authors: MUZAYANAH UMI
Published: January 2017

Tes yang berkualitas harus memiliki kemampuan untuk membedakan peserta tes yang memiliki kemampuan kognitif tinggi dan rendah. Oleh karena itu, merancang sebuah tes harus mengacu pada teori dan prosedur yang tepat. Dengan pendekatan kuantitatif, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kualitas butir soal PAI yang diujikan pada USBN Tahun Pelajaran 2013/2014. Data diperoleh melalui lembar jawab peserta didik kelas XII SMAN 1 Ungaran yang berjumlah 228 lembar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa soal PAI paket A memiliki kualitas lebih baik dibanding paket B. Paket soal A dan B masing- masing hanya memiliki 4% butir dengan taraf kesukaran yang baik. Indeks daya pembeda yang baik hanya dicapai oleh 18% butir pada soal A dan 10% butir pada soal B. Hal ini berarti bahwa jika diujikan pada SMAN 1 Ungaran, kualitas butir soal PAI masih perlu diperbaiki. Secara umum hasil ini belum merepresentasikan kualitas butir soal PAI pada USBN tahun 2013/2014 karena data diperoleh hanya dari satu sekolah.

 

Kata kunci: PAI, kualitas butir soal, indeks daya pembeda, taraf kesukaran, SMAN-1 Ungaran.
NASIONALISME MELALUI PENDIDIKAN AGAMA PADA PESERTA DIDIK SMA/SMK/MA DI WILAYAH PERBATASAN KALIMANTAN BARAT
Authors: Muawanah Siti
Published: January 2017

Indonesia  sebagai  negara  kepulauan  memiliki  banyak  wilayah  yang  berbatasan dengan negara lain. Tercatat ada sepuluh negara yang beradu perbatasan dengan Indonesia, baik perbatasan laut maupun perbatasan darat. Dalam pergaulan bilateral maupun multilateral banyak masalah yang terjadi antara Indonesia dengan negara- negara tersebut. Salah satu masalah penting yang harus memperoleh perhatian adalah konflik wilayah perbatasan yang dapat mengancam kedaulatan bangsa. Selain itu, ada kecenderungan penduduk perbatasan membandingkan kondisi hidupnya dengan kehidupan warga negara tetangga yang akhirnya menimbulkan keinginan untuk pindah kewarganegaraan. Oleh karena itu, perlu penanaman pentingnya nasionalisme bagi generasi muda, terutama yang berada di wilayah perbatasan. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, tulisan ini menguraikan penanaman nasionalisme peserta didik SMA/MA/SMK di wilayah perbatasan di Kalimantan Barat melalui pendidikan agama dan sikap nasionalisme mereka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai-nilai nasionalisme yang terkandung dalam mata pelajaran tersebut adalah toleransi, demokrasi, HAM, persatuan dan kerukunan, serta Aku Cinta Indonesia. Sikap nasionalisme mereka juga dapat dilihat dari penggunaan bahasa, penggunaan produk ekonomi, kecintaan dan kesediaan berkorban, serta mengembangkan budaya bangsa.

 

Kata kunci: nasionalisme, wilayah perbatasan, Kalimantan Barat, pendidikan agama, SMA/MA/SMK.
MEMAHAMI ETNOGRAFI ALA SPRADLEY
Authors: Winarno Koes
Published: January 2017

Ilmu pengetahuan berkembang dengan cepat yang menuntut kaum intelektual terus mengikuti perkembangannya agar tidak stagnan dan tidak berpikiran status quo. Paradigma penelitian kualitatif dan kuantitatif juga berkembang dengan keunggulan dan kelemahan masing-masing. Peneliti punya keleluasaan memilih pendekatan yang paling sesuai dengan kebutuhan untuk memecahkan  permasalahan  penelitian. Pada penelitian kualitatif, seorang peneliti juga harus berbekal teori-teori dan metode yang kuat, salah satunya dengan metode etnografi. Etnografi menjadi dasar antropologi kultural. Teknik utama dari metode etnografi adalah observasi partisipatif yang dilakukan dalam waktu yang relatif lama serta wawancara mendalam yang dilakukan secara terbuka. Spradley sebagai tokoh pengembang etnografi yang relatif lebih moderat membedakan observasi partisipatif dalam empat model, yakni complete, active, moderate, passive, dan non- participation.  Teknik  ini berfungsi  agar  peneliti  benar-benar  bisa  memahami  pikiran, perilaku, dan kebudayaan sebuah masyarakat secara baik. Kunci agar peneliti bisa memahami masyarakat yang diteliti adalah dengan memahami bahasa lokalnya, karena bahasa lokalnya merupakan ekspresi kebudayaan mereka. Koleksi datanya yang terbaik adalah dengan membuat rekaman atau catatan etnografi secara rutin dan lengkap.

Kata kunci: penelitian kualitatif, metodologi, etnografi, Spradley
PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA MADRASAH DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA GURU MADRASAH TSANAWIYAH DI KECAMATAN KALIWUNGU KABUPATEN KUDUS
Authors: Miyono Noor , Basuki Rakhmat
Published: January 2017

Teachers play an important role in the success of the performance of school / madrasah. Teacher performance reflects the professionalism of teachers in performing their duties to achieve educational goals. Teacher performance is influenced by several factors, both internal and external, leadership style headmaster and teacher motivation is an important variable among the other factors that can affect the performance of teachers. The problems of this study (1) the influence of leadership style headmaster on teacher performance, (2) whether there is influence motivation to work on teacher performance, (3) whether there is influence leadership style headmaster and motivation to work on teacher performance Madrasah Tsanawiyahin District Kaliwungu Kudus.
The study population as much as 241 teachersMadrasah Tsanawiyah in District Kaliwungu Kudus and sample of 150 teachers assigned by proportional random sampling. Methods of data collection using the questionnaire. Validity and reliability of the instrument, linear regression and multiple regression processed using SPSS for Windows Version 16. The results showed that (1) the leadership styles headmaster strong influrnce(69.3%) on teacher performance, (2) strong influence of teacher motivation (72.7%)on teacher performance, (3) the headmaster leadership style and motivation together a strong influence of 77.9% of the performance of teachers Madrasah Tsanwiyah in the district Kaliwungu Kudus.
RAZUMIJEVANJE ODNOSA IZMEĐU RUKOVODITELJEVOG PREPOZNAVANJA POVJERENJA I PROCJENE USPJEŠNOSTI TIMA
Authors: Sušanj Zoran , Jakopec Ana
Published: January 2017

Ovim se radom ispituje odnos između rukovoditeljevog prepoznavanja povjerenja – percepcije da su podređeni spremni prihvatiti ranjivost uslijed aktivnosti svog neposredno nadređenog – i procjene uspješnosti tima. Podaci su prikupljeni iz više izvora. Preciznije, članovi 196 radnih timova (ukupno 659 zaposlenika) procjenjivali su zajednički doživljaj članova tima o pravednosti njihova neposredno nadređenog te radnoj angažiranosti tima. Rukovoditelji timova (ukupno 196 rukovoditelja) procjenjivali su koliko tim kojim rukovode ima povjerenja u njih, te radnu uspješnost tima. Rezultati strukturalnog modeliranja pokazuju da rukovoditeljevo prepoznavanje povjerenja, odnosno doživljaj rukovoditelja da mu tim kojim rukovodi vjeruje, neposredno povećava procjenu rukovoditelja o uspješnosti njegova tima. Drugim riječima, kada rukovoditelj osjeća da mu njegov tim vjeruje, sklon je pozitivnije procjenjivati uspješnost tima. Dodatno, u radu se provjerava i mehanizam u podlozi navedenog međuodnosa, odnosno razlozi zbog kojih rukovoditeljevo prepoznavanje povjerenja dovodi do pozitivnije procjene uspješnosti tima. Rezultati pokazuju da je rukovoditelj skloniji tim tretirati pravedno kada osjeća da mu članovi tima kojim rukovodi vjeruju. Preciznije, kada rukovoditelj osjeća da mu članovi tima kojim rukovodi vjeruju, radni tim ga je sklon procjenjivati pravednijim, što se očituje u povećanoj klimi pravednosti rukovoditelja – zajedničkom doživljaju članova tima o pravednosti njihova neposredno nadređenog. Povećana klima pravednosti rukovoditelja pozitivno djeluje na radnu angažiranost tima – zajedničko, pozitivno i ispunjavajuće stanje tima koje obilježava energija, posvećenost i udubljenost tima u obavljanje posla, a koje nastaje kao rezultat interakcije i zajedničkih iskustava članova radnog tima. Tako povećana radna angažiranost tima u konačnici pozitivno djeluje i na uspješnost tima. Drugim riječima, rukovoditeljevo prepoznavanje povjerenja pozitivno djeluje na procjenu uspješnosti tima jednim dijelom i zbog povećane klime pravednosti rukovoditelja i radne angažiranosti tima. Dakle, rukovoditeljevo prepoznavanje povjerenja povećava procjenu uspješnosti tima neposredno, ali i posredno, putem klime pravednosti rukovoditelja i radne angažiranosti tima. Osobe katkada ne moraju osjetiti povjerenje onih koji im vjeruju: rukovoditelji ne moraju nužno prepoznati da im podređeni vjeruju, jer povjerenje podređenih u rukovoditelje može biti internalizirano i neverbalno. Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazuju da rukovoditeljevo prepoznavanje poklonjenog mu povjerenja od strane njegovih podređenih ima poželjne učinke, prvenstveno na procjenu uspješnosti tima kojim rukovodi, ali i na zajednički doživljaj članova tima o pravednosti rukovoditelja te radnu angažiranost tima.