bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Azithromycin: Is it a favorable alternative therapeutic option against salmonella species ?
Authors: Irheim Mohammed Al Sheibani Bassim , Mohammad Kadhim Manal , Hasen Abood Al Rekabi Sameer
Published: January 2024

Background: For decades chloramphenicol has been highly effective against S. typhi and S.paratyphyi . However the known hematological side effects of chloramphenicol and the widespread emergence of multiple drug resistance (MDR) to S. typhi has necessitated the search for other therapeutic options .Aim of study: To compare between azithromycin and chloramphenicol as antimicrobial drugs for isolated salmonella speciesMaterials and Methods: 65 isolates of salmonella spp. was collected by performing blood culture and stool culture for suspected patients with history of typhoid fever and diarrhea at Maternity and Child teaching Hospital in Diwaniyah city. For each isolates antimicrobial susceptibilities for azothromycin and chloramphenicol were determined by Disk diffusion methods.In addition, a broth dilution tests for azithromycin were performed by using serial dilution of concentrations ranging from 4- 32 mg\ liter to record the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for azithromycin .Results: The isolated salmonella species are high susceptible of to azithromycin in comparison to chloramphenicol with lower MIC.Conclusion: though it needs further clinical studies, azithromycin seems to be a suitable therapeutic option for the treatment of typhoid fever in children as well as in adult.
A study of Hyponatremia in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Reheem AL- Barqawi Aqeel
Published: January 2024

A study of hyponatremia in adult hospital inpatients over 16 yrs old admitted to the medical department of Al-Diwania teaching\ Hospital from the 1st of June 2006 to 10th of November 2006, showed that (50) out of (720) patients studied had serum sodium concentration below 135 meq/L. Twenty five patients (50%) were on diuretics and 16 patients (32%) had heart failure. The commonest type of hyponatremia was euvolemic hyponatremia (52%) Forty one pts. (82%) had symptoms attributable to the hyponatremia. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, and causes of hyponatremia in medical wards of the Al-Diwaniah teaching Hospital.
Gastroenteritis in Diwaniya
Authors: Alzamili Fadhl
Published: January 2024

Diarrhoeal disease is an important cause of morbidity worldwide, and represents a leading cause of death especially in children,the majority of patients with acute Gastroenteritis do not seek medical advice and investigations are frequently omitted In those who do these investigations, therfore, there are no true records for this diseaseThis study aims to evaluate cases of gastroenteritis and effectiveness of therapy.Over (2) years period from January 2004-january 2006. evaluation of (318) patients With diarrhea were done in Diwaniya Teaching Hospital, who satisfied the following Inclusion criteria; (a) age > 16 y, (b) presented with acute gastroenteritis (C) treated with Or without observation and (d) had positive stool culture. Three hundred and eighteen patients were included in this study; pathogens identified Were Enteropathogenic E.coli (62.92%) and the lowest with Enterotoxigeneic E .coli Bloody diarrohea were present in (30) patients, mean duration of diarrohea from onset to discharge for those needed admission was 5 days.Majority of patients showed favourable response to simple rehydration measures, with the higher rates of dehydration seen among Campylobacter isolate. Most patients with bacterial gastroenteritis do not present with high fever ,bloody Diarrhea,or persistant diarrhea, but generally have quite sever disease.
Epidemiology of Hepatitis HBV and HCV at Thi-Qar Province â€“ Iraq
Authors: Abdelreda Abass Yahia , R. Al-Husseiny Khawam , Abass Kareem Aqeel
Published: January 2024

The study was conducted on 1990 patients [ 1140 (57.3%) males and 850 (42.7%) females] during three years 2005-2007 at Thi-Qar province. They suffering from sings and symptoms of liver diseases. The results improved no positive case of infection with HIV , and revealed 176 (8.8%) positive hepatitis cases. HBV had high prevalence than other types including 100(5%) cases with significant differences , followed by HCV 63(3.2%) and 13(0.7%)cases were recorded as dual infections (HBV+HCV). Significant increase of infections among males were recorded 113(64.2%) .High seroprevalence of HBV ,HCV and dual HBV+HCV were recorded in patients with age group 16-30 years reached to 82(46.6%), followed by the age group 31- 45 years : 58(32.9%) .Dual infections decrease in the lower age and absent in age group 46-74 . According to occupation ,the highest number of infections found among workers 57(32.3%) , followed by housewives 40(22.7%) , students 36(20.5%) , officers 33(18.8%) and children 10(5.7%) .
Emergence of relapse in supervised chemotherapy pulmonary tuberculosis in Diwanyah
Authors: Jabre Suhail Hadi
Published: January 2024

In Diwanyah, as in all other Iraqi governorates, fully supervised short coarse chemotherapy is being followed for the initial intensive phase of tuberculoses treatment since (2000). Generally, relapse rate with such short coarse chemotherapy has been less than 4%. In this retrospective study, we have studied the files of (3818) of already diagnosed as positive TB cases (pulmonary and extra pulmonary) from those (1203) positive cases where found, during the last 5 years and they were supervised short course chemotherapy. Pattern of relapse was analyzed in ( 1203 ) positive cases registered cases of P.T.B over all relapses in new cases was 6.9 % , being the highest in the year ( 2004 ) where it was ( 8 %) , while the lowest in the year ( 2002 ) where it was ( 1.5 %) .
Neonatal septicemia in AL_Najaf AL_Ashref governerate : bacteriological profile and antimicrobial sensitivity
Authors: H. Al-Hamadani Adnan , H. Sheeh Adel , AbdulAmir AL-Zubaidy Sinaa
Published: January 2024

Neonatal septicemia still one of the most important causes of neonatal sepsis and death. Knowledge of bacteriological profile and antibacterial sensitivity pattern in our locality play an important role in selection of antibacterial drug that will be very effective against causative pathogens.This study conducted in AL- NAJAF AL- ASHREF Governorate during period extended between Nov.2007 to Feb.-2008, about 57 clinically suspected cases of neonatal septicemia was enrolled, to study bacteriological profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Results showed that 33 cases (58 %) gave positive blood culture results and there was no growth in 24 cases (42 %), from the positive cases there was 20 males and 13 females.On the other hand, Klebsiella sp. represented 42.4% of all isolates and Escherichia coli were 27.2 %, while the rest (30.29 %) was represented by Staphylococcus aureus. Sensitivity pattern showed that S.aureus was sensitive to Norfloxacin (100 %), Vancomycin (85.7 %), Netilmicin (66.6 %), Teicoplanin (66.6 %) and Azithromycin (42.8 %). While Klebsiella sp. was sensitive to Amikacin (100 %), Norfloxacin (100 %), Nalidixic acid (100 %), Doxycycline (50 %), Cephalexin (0 %) and Gentamycin (0 %).While E.coli was sensitive (100 %) to Norfloxacin, (100 %) for Amikacin, (100 %) for Tobramycin, (50%) to cefotaxime and (50 %) for Nalidixic acid. These results will help the physician in our locality to select most sensitive drug by the bacteria for optimum successful treatment to overcome morbidity and mortality in neonate.
Evaluation of Irritable Bowel Syndrom in ALDiwanyia City.
Authors: TALIB N. ALDAMARCHI ALI , TAHHER MUSLEM USAMA , MOHAMMED HUSSEIN AL-YASSIN ALI
Published: January 2024

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most commonly diagnosed gastrointestinal condition that comprises 25-50% of all referral to gastroenterologists. IBS causes a great deal of discomfort and distress, but it does not permanently harm the intestines and does not lead to a serious disease, such as cancer. To study the epidemiological aspect, clinical varieties and the response the available treatment in patients whom complaining of irritable bowel syndrome according to Rome criteria in al Diwaniya province in Iraq. Two hundreds sixty four patients with variable clinical presentation of irritable bowel syndrome of different age groups and sexes were fully examined and investigated to exclude the organic disease. We used the chi square calculation in statistical analysis. The mean age of patients in our study was 26.1Â±1.2 that is mean higher prevalence in younger age group. There is an overall female predominance with more common in married than single. IBS can distribute in smoker and nonsmoker with no significance difference. The most common presentation was the alteration of constipation and diarrhea. Most patients had an exacerbation of symptoms after an emotional stress or eating heavy meal. About 90% of patients fell un satisfactory response to available treatment. This disorder mainly affects young patients of both sexes, so it has adverse effect on the performance and the productive power of country. More advanced treatment modalities adopted in developed countries needed to be evaluated and applied in our country.
The Evaluation of High Density Lipoproteinscholesterol and Triglycerides on newely diagnosusis Gestatinal diabetes
Authors: Abdul Hussein Al- Zamily Ajile
Published: January 2024

Many studies indicated that lipid profile risk factor for gestation diabetes mellitus (GDM), and the early detection of GDM may prevent or delay progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Detection of impaired gestation requires a test which is inconvenient to screen for this condition in clinical practice.This studies was aimed to assess these effects of high density lipoproteins-cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TGs) on the manifestations of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Materials and methods:-Twenty-four Pregnant women were preformed brief IGTT, (75g oral glucose tolerance test ) during period the August /2006 to October / 2007. They classified into three groups depending on the results of IGTT nets.

1.Group A: Normal Glucose Tolerance (NGT), (No.10).2.Group B: Impaired gestation diabetes mellitus (IGDM), (No.7).3.Group C: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), (No.7).HDL-c was showed a significant direct correlation with serum glucose assessed by 2h-OGTT (R2=0.173, 0.498, 0.723 for group A,B,and C respectively). Gestation diabetes mellitus patients (GDM) showed direct correlation between HDL-C and serum glucose level. In addition, direct correlation between TG and serum glucose, but not reach to significant correlation.IGDM is associated with high density lipoprotein â€“cholesterol. The HDL-C and TG associated with risk for GDM and study this parameters help to prevent or delay GDM
The Implications of HLA Phenotypes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: A. AL-Hilaly Hummady , M. AL-Mousawy Khalida , AL-Khafaji Jassem , AL-Khalidy Nawal
Published: January 2024

Susceptibility to Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is, in part, genetically determined, and the HLA genes are candidate for a role in the genetic susceptibility to this disease, because their products play a central role in the immune responses. Multiple studies have reported associations between HLA phenotypes and either Ulcerative Colitis (UC) or Crohn's Disease (CD), the major two disorders of IBD, but much of these data are still controversial. To estimate overall associations between HLA phenotypes and this disease, and to establish the probable etiologic or protective functions conferred by these molecules, a total of 71 Iraqis, Arabs patients (55 with UC and 16 with CD) compared with ethnically matched, 70 healthy control group were assayed for a panel of monoclonal antibodies for HLA class I and II, using microlymphocytotoxicity test. Among class I molecules; A23, A(16+66), and B27, were positively associated with the disease (Odds ratio: 18.9, 9.4, and 4.8, respectively), conferred etiologic roles. The DQ2 was the only one of class II molecules that played same role (OR 2.6). On the other hand, A2, Bw4, Cw5, DR3, and DR8, were found to be negatively associated with IBD suggesting a protective role at respective ORs; 0.4, 0.1, 0.2, 0.1, and 0.3. Thus, IBD is associated with specific class I and II molecules that may play roles in the etiology or in prevention of this disease. Further studies required to determine allelic variants of HLA-genes in this study.
The alteration in serum amino acid profile in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Abass Frhan Buthena , Abd Al-Azez Shama
Published: January 2024

The aim of this study was to identify whether there is a difference in serum (BCAA) concentration in COPD, and is this alteration associated with changes in total protein concentration, total cholesterol, Albumin and triglyceride (TGL). Fourteen patients with COPD their age is (62.3Â±2.4), and fourteen healthy volunteers their age (60.32Â±1.56) were examined. All subjects were men, furthermore the patients have irreversible obstructive air way diseases (emphysema due to heavy smoking) but they were clinically in stable condition and not suffering from respiratory tract infection or exacerbation of their diseases. Serum sample were obtained from all patients and control group for the measurement of BCAA, total protein, albumin and total cholesterol. The results show that the concentration of BCAA were reduced in patients with COPD (P<0.05) in addition to that there were a significant differ in serum concentration of total protein, total cholesterol, TGL and albumin between the patients with COPD and control group.
Painful osteoarthritic knee joints; a comparative study between intra-articular steroids and combined physiotherapy modalities treatment
Authors: K. Al-Umeri Shamran
Published: January 2024

Thirty patients 13males(44%) 17females(56%) who had osteoarthritis of the knees according to ARA classification criteria and presented with acute pain without effusion where randomly assigned into 2 groups to evaluate the effects of intra-articular injection(IAS) and in the other hand combination of interferential current (IFC) with pulsed electromagnetic field (PEF) physiotherapy modalities in treating painful Knee OA. All patients were treated with acetaminophen 1g bid, meloxicam 7.5mg once daily. 15 patients 8males(53%)- 7females (47%) received intra-articular injection of methyl prednisolone acetate(IAS) 80mg/2ml depot. The other group 10females(66.6%) â€“ 5 males (33.3%) was treated by interferential current(IFP) 10 minute sessions with 20 minutes sessions of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy(PEF). The WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities) scores index of osteoarthritis were recorded at 0 week, 1st wk ,2nd wk, 4th wk, 8th wk and 16th wk. At follow up visits pain, stiffness and physical function are the parameters used for comparison. Both intra-articular injection group and combined physiotherapy modalities group had significant improvement. The IAS group had more rapid pain relief and continue till the end of the study. Slow improvement was achieved in the second group. Our current study suggest that IAS is preferable than IFP&PEF in the treatment of OA knee pain from the practical point of view regarding the cost of the instrument, patient compliance, poverty state of the patients and their needs for early return to their jobs. Availability of portable IFP or PEMF is more practical but under education of our patients & its cost are main obstacles in its way of use.
Detection of Anti-rubella Virus IgM and IgG in Aborative Pregnant Women in Al-Qadisiya Governorate
Authors: K. Nama Ja'afar , A. Al-Khfaji Yuniss , J. Yasir SAIF
Published: January 2024

The present study aimed to detect the levels of IgM and IgG immunoglobulins in their sera. The study included a collection of venous blood samples from three hundred women underwent abortion ranging in age from (15-35) years from Al Qadisiya governorate. Enzyme- Elinked immunosorbant assay (ELISA), was used to determine the immunological response against rubella virus in our the samples. ELISA test reflected a new infections which was (8 %) positive. Anti-rubella IgG antibodies ELISA test revealed (70%) positive result.
Audiological changes in patients with otitis media with effusion (OME)
Authors: R. Dekhil Kassim
Published: January 2024

Otitis media with effusion (OME) is a common problem especially in children and if not diagnosed early and treated appropriately may lead to serious complications. Our study was conducted to assess the audiological changes associated with OME regarding the type, intensity and each frequency affected. The study involved 50 patients and the age ranged from 4-15 years old. The average of air conduction thresholds in the submitted cases (conductive deafness) were 31dBHL in the range between (0-50) dBHL. 500Hz is the most frequency affected and the least affected one is 2000Hz. In bone conduction thresholds (sensorineural hearing loss), we found that the frequency 1000Hz is the most affected one, while the frequency 250Hz is the least affected.
Epidimiology of giardiasis in sulaimaniya and chamchamal with its effect on some biochemical parameters and pcv
Authors: H. K. Al-taie Lazem , M. Ali,Diplo Fatema
Published: January 2024

The present study aimed to detect the percentage of infection with Giardia lamblia in different ages and sexes in Sulaimaniya and Chamchamal, and showing the effects of Giardiasis on some biochemical par0meters and PCV% which related to the public health in society.The prevalence of Giardiasis and its relationship to age, and sex was studied randomly in 1200 out patients in two different areas, Sulaimani city( urban )andChamchamal (semirural) during period from April to June 2007. Stool samples were examined microscopically by direct general stool examination (GSE).40 blood samples were collected from patients whom found infected with G. lambila for estimation of PCV ,TSP, Alb, Glo, A/G, S.Chol. S.TG, and S. Cal. The results showed that the higher rate of infection was recorded in Chamchamal as semirural. Age factor had effect on the prevalence of infection; the rate in children (55%) was higher significantly than in adults(45%).The percentage of infection was higher in females than in males.Infected children suffered from reduction in PCV,S.chol. and S. Cal.and A/G ratio which attributed to elevation of Glob, infected adults suffered from reduction in S.Chol., S. TG., S.Cal., and Glob, which cause the elevation of A/G. It can be concluded from the present study that Giardiasis was higher in semi rural area than urban, children than adults, and in females than males. PCV and serum Calcium were the most affected by the Giardiasis.
Prevalence of hepatitis C viral infection among multitransfused thalassemic patients
Authors: Hadi AL-Zamili A'alan , M. Al-shebani Abass , Karim Mohsin Rahman
Published: January 2024

A prospective study was conducted on 325 patients (187 males and 138 females) with B â€“thalassemia major &sickle- thalassemia - who were attending the thalassemia center at Maternity and Children Teaching Hospital in Al-Diwaniya , from the period of September 2007 till April 2008. Their ages ranged from 1-20 years. They were studied for Anti HCV sero positivity among patients with B- thalassemia major &Sickle- thalassemia (12 patients (4.01%) and 1 patient (3.84%) respectively). Anti HCV sero positivity was significantly higher among patient's ages from (5-15 years) and also sero positivity was more among males. Statistically, there were significant differences among both sexes. The study has revealed also that anti HCV sero positivity was directly related to the frequency of blood transfusion. Also they were studied for HCV antibodies. 13 patients (4 %) were found to have antibodies in comparison to zero among the 325 children of the control group.The risk of exposure to HCV was higher than HBsAG and HIV among the same patients.
Evaluation The Immunological State Of Womenâ€™s Sera Infected With Toxoplasmosis.
Authors: A. Janna Mahab , A. Al-Shanawee Fawzia , E. Waheeda Nabil , G.Al-Anny Nahla
Published: January 2024

Background: The ubiquitous protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates and immunocompromised hosts. Both acute invasion and reactivation of latent infection result in an inflammatory reaction with lymphocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils. Better understanding of the mechanisms of resistance of the host against this protozoan is important for development of safe, effective alternative treatment regimens for toxoplasmosis in the future.Aim of study:This study aimed to investigate some immunological parameters of womanâ€™s sera infected with Toxoplasmosis in Baghdad city, through investigation the potential role of some interleukins mediating the inflammatory response after T. gondii infection.Methods: Detection of parasite antibodies was achieved by MELA by testing 185 women which referred to central health laboratory during the period from March to July 2004; ELISA technique was used to detect serum concentration of IL-1Î±, IL-8, and IL-10 , alsoSRID used to calculate total IgG,IgM, C3, and C4 concentrations in both group understudy.Results:According to the study, there was significant increasing in mean concentration of IgG whereas IgM concentration do not affected in both patients and control groups, also there were no significant differences in the mean concentration of C3 and C4component of complement between two groups of study. There were no significant differences in mean concentration of serum IL-1Î± (0.68 pg/ml) and IL-8 (20.14 pg/ml) in infected women when compared with healthy one (0.187 pg/ml) and (17.0 pg/ml)respectively. However, the mean serum concentration of IL-10 was highly and significantly elevated during T. gondii infection (21.125 pg/ml) in comparison to that of healthy control (9.525 pg/ml). The study did not record any significant change in the mean total WBCs count between patients and control groups, also there were no differences in mean percentage of neutrophils in both groups, the mean percentage of eosinophils and lymphocytes was highly significant in infected womenâ€™s samples as compared with control.Conclusion:Most cases of toxoplasmosis were diagnosed at the chronic stags of disease, hence there were no clear sign and symptoms that draw attention, however, abortion was the only manifestation that refer to infection with toxoplasmosis, since the concentrations of pro inflammatory cytokines (like IL-1Î±) and chemokines (such as IL-8) decreased against increase the level of anti-inflammatory and regulatory cytokine IL-10 that prevent the host immune response leading to undesirable pathological changes.
Is Th-1/Th-2 paradigm a prognostic indicator on childhood Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: H. Ahmed Abdul-Razak
Published: January 2024

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) characterized by variable biologic behavior. The levels of some plasma protein may correlate with disease activity, so they could behave as prognostic factors. This study was conducted to evaluate the possible prognostic value of the (IL-10, IL-4 and IFN-gamma) and to assess their usefulness in the prediction of the outcome in childhood NHL patients. Sixty-six patients with NHL and 33, age and sex matched, apparently healthy children, were included. Blood sample were taken from each subject, and sera were used in measurement of IL-10, IL-4, and IFN-Î³. The sera of all patients showed higher levels of IL-10, IL-4, and IFN-g than did the control group. The serum level of IL-10 revealed positive correlation with bad prognostic factors (male sex, less than 10 years old, high grad, high stage, nonresponding to chemotherapy, and non-surviving). Whereas, IFN- Î³ showed a negative correlation with bad prognostic factors (male sex, high grade and stage) and a positive with good prognostic factors (age, response to chemotherapy and the survival). IL-4 revealed no clear cut correlation, neither with good nor with bad prognostic factors. We conclude the existence of IL-10/IFN-g as serum marker for disease severity and predictor of response to chemotherapy in NHL, independent of and additive to the other prognostic factors.
Cranial Ct Scan Findings In Patients With Headache
Authors: Kareem Al-Umeri Khalil
Published: January 2024

Objectives : 140 patients with non specific headache referred from neurology and medical outpatient clinics were studied to review the cranial computerized tomography findings and check if there were any significant lesion detected by CT scan.Methods : The patients were assessed using CT apparatusSiemens Somatom Emotion soft ware version A40A at Aldiwanyia teaching hospital during the period from July 2008 to September 2009  CT images were taken with 5 mm slices , intravenous contrast enhancement were done to confirm the diagnosis in patients with cerebral tumors .Results : The patients divided into two main groups on the basis of imaging findings: Group 1: No abnormality detected in cranial CT scan examination of 107 patients ( 76.4 %) . Group 2 : 33 patients ( 23.6 %) with abnormal cranial CT scan examination . Abnormal CT findings divided into : 12 patients with sinusitis or sclerotic mastoid air cells, 10 patients with intracranial space occupying lesion ( SOLs) , 8 patients with cerebral atrophy , 3 patients with cerebral infarction .Conclusion : patients with intracranial SOLs in our study confirms that significant lesions can be detected by CT scan in patients with non specific headache not completely fulfilling international headache society criteria.
Natural History of isolated Ventricular Septal Defects in the first two years of life
Authors: K. Gatea Shaker , K. Janabi Adnan
Published: January 2024

Objective: To evaluate the natural history of isolated ventricular septal defects in the first two years of life.Patients and Methods: We prospectively studied a total of 50 infants diagnosed as isolated ventricular septal defect between january2008 -january 2009. Infants aged less than three months, with isolated ventricular septal defects were followed for two years. Infants with Down syndrome, other types of ventricular septal defect and those who had an additional hemodynamic significant heart defects were excluded.Results: A total of 50 infants 30 males vs. 20 females (60% vs. 40%) were followed up for 24 months. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was forty days Â±5 days (Range: 1 day- 3.0 months). 34 patients (68.0%) had membranous , 10 patients (20.0%). had muscular,4 patients (8.0%) had inlet and 2 patients (4.0%) had outlet ventricular septal defects. There were 16(32.0%) small ,28(56.0%) moderate, and 6(12.0%) large size defects .7 of muscular defects closed spontaneously, 2 were closed surgically and 1 remained open but decrease in size (70.0%, 20.0%, and 10.0% respectively). On the other hand 25 of membranous defects closed spontaneously and 9 defects remained open by the end of the study ((74.0%),(26.%) respectively). Regardless of type all small 16(32.0%) not required medical treatment, 34(68.0%) ofmoderate and large size defects needed medical and/or surgical treatment in the first two yeas of life but by the end of fallow up 16(32.0%) defect closed spontaneously and 10(20.0%) defects had their size decreased ,all of them of moderate size.Conclusion: Infants with muscular ventricular septal defects have better prognosis in the 1st year but spontanous closure with membranous is more in the 1st 2 years and infants with moderate and large ventricular septal defects usually need medical and/or surgical treatment.
Effects of Hyperglycemia on Presentations of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Zamel Muhammad Mazin , Raheem Hassan Aqeel
Published: January 2024

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a clinical syndrome characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and have multifactorial effects on immunity which increase the liability for infections with higher risk of lower respiratory tract infections including pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB).Objective: To assess the effects of hyperglycemia in DM on the clinical, bacteriological and radiological presentations of pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods: This study enrolled 25 tuberculous patients out of 310 diabetic patients who attend to the out-patient clinic of DM at Al- Diwaniya Teaching Hospital, they were studied during the period from 1st of October 2009 to 31st of March 2010.

Results: This study revealed that male to female ratio was 4:1. 16% of the patients were type 1 DM, 56% were diabetic â‰¤10 years, 12% had fasting blood sugar (FBS) â‰¤6.9 mmol/l, 84% had HbA1c level â‰¥7.0%, 24% had positive history of pulmonary tuberculosis and 76% had positive sputum smear for acid fast bacilli (AFB). Multiple lobe involvement, cavitary lesions, lower lung field involvement and pleural effusion had been diagnosed in 64%, 60%, 32% and 16% of the sample respectively.Conclusions: This study revealed that DM affects the clinical, bacteriological and radiological picture of PTB. Diabetic patients have a higher risk for recurrence of PTB.
Detection of Causative Agents, Antifungal Susceptibility Profile and Cross-Resistance of Candida albicans isolated from oral and Vaginal Candidiasis
Authors: Ismaeel Nassir Al-Rubaye Noor , H.Al-Hamadani Adnan , AL- Hilaly Hammady
Published: January 2024

This study was designed to investigate antifungal susceptibility and cross resistance of C. albicans isolates toward four antifungal drugs; Amphotericin B, nystatin, fluconazole and ketoconazole The study groups included 208 patients( 108 women and 100 children) who attented the Al-Suwayra Hospital/ Kut Province during the period from December 2008 to April 2009. Patients groups were represented by women who were complaining of vaginal discharge and itching and children who were complaining of oral thrush and infected with different type of disease include upper and lower respiratory tract infection, gastroenteritis, kala-azar and septicemia. The study showed that the infection percentage of vaginal candidiasis was 35.1% while oral thrush was 70%. The yeast isolates in two groups were C. albicans (76.8%), C. krusei (1.85%), C. tropicalis (5.5%), C. glabrata (11.1%), C. dublinances (0.9%), Trichosporon (1.85%) and Cryptococcus neoformans (1.85%). The activity of certain antifungal agents were tested against C. albicans isolates by using minimal inhibitory concentration (MICs). The results of range of MICs for amphotericin B was ( 8-128Î¼g/ml), ketoconazole (0.5- 4Î¼g/ml), fluconazole (8-64Î¼g/ml), Nystatin (0.03-2Î¼g/ml). The MICs of amphotericin B to the isolate that mutant to Nystatin tended to rise in parallel from (0.5-1Î¼g/ml) to (4-16Î¼g/ml). There was no correlation between MICs of these strains with fluconazole and ketoconazole. In addition, The MICs of ketoconazole to the isolates that mutant to fluconazole tended to rise in parallel from (0.5-2Î¼g/ml) to (1-8Î¼g/ml). There was no correlation between MICs of these strains with Nystatin and amphotericin B MICs. All the MICs values of the mutant strain return to the original values after remove the drug effect except the Nystatin . The MICs value for the isolate mutant to Nystatin dropped from the range (600-1200Î¼g/ml) to (200-800Î¼g/ml) but not returned to the original range (64-128Î¼g/ml).
In vitro susceptibility of Leishmania donovani promastigotes to some antimicrobials compared with meglumine antimoniate.
Authors: A. Omran May , M. Jasim Ali , N. Jasim Sundus , J. Yasir Saif
Published: January 2024

This experimental study was designed to evaluate the effectivness of some antimicrobial agents against Leishmania donovani promastigotes (LDP) in vitro. It was performed in College of Medicine in Kufa University during october and november 2008. It included treatment of LDP, cultured in Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) medium enriched with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) for 14 days, with azithromycin (6, 12, and 18 Î¼g /ml), trimethoprimsulfamethoxasol (0.5-9.5 Î¼g/ml), norfloxacin (1 Î¼g /ml ) and meglomin antimoniate (20 Î¼g/ml).The control group contained no antimicrobial with the LDP. Samples were grouped so that each group (20 samples) treated under standardized conditions with one drug (except the control group) in certain concentration that is within its minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Promastigotes were counted during the log phase of the growth curve (at day 8). They were subdivided into motile, sluggish and immotile during the counting process and data from the drug-treated groups were compared with that of the control group. The results showed that mean count of motile LDP at day 8 of cultivation in the control group was ( 129.2Ã—104 )LDP/ml, while mean counts of motile LDP in the treated groups were as follows: (20.4Ã—104, 9.2Ã—104, 5.6Ã—104) LDP/ml for azithromycin group, ( 10.64Ã—104 ) LDP/ml for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxasol group, (1.6 Ã—104) LDP/ml for norfloxacin group and (4Ã—104) LDP/ml for meglomin antimoniate group. There was a significant reduction in motile LDP count in all treated groups compared to the control group (p <0.05), though it is insignificant in comparison to meglumine group (p >0.05). According to these data, it is clear that these antimicrobials may be effective enough as an experimental trial on infected mice then to be used in vivo as antileishmanial agents in the future.
The Fracture Resistance Of The Endodontically Treated Molar Teeth With MOD Preparations Restored With Different Types Of Composit Material
Authors: Talib Al-Kuriane Nibras
Published: January 2024

Compared to teeth with healthy pulps, root filled teeth are considered more susceptible to fracture. The present study was directed toward improving the effect of using flowable composite with or without polyethylene fiber reinforcement on fracture resistance of the endodontically treated mandibular molars with MOD preparations. Thirty sound extracted human mandibular molars were randomly assigned to three groups (n=10). All teeth were root filled and MOD cavity preparation were created.Group (1) was restored with a dentine bonding system(DBS: SE Bond) and composite resin( CR). In group (2), flowable composite resin ( Protect liner F) was used before restoring teeth with CR. In group (3) leno woven ultra high modulus polyethylene ribbon fiber ( Ribbond, Seattle, WA. USA) was inserted into the cavities in a buccal to lingual direction and teeth were then restored with DBS and CR. After finishing and polishing the specimens were stored in 100% humidity at 37CÂ° for 1 day. Compressive loading of the teeth was performed using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm min "' . the mean load necessary to fracture the samples were recorded in newtons (N) and were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test. The results showed that the used of flowable composite resin under composite restorations had no effect on fracture resistance of root filled molars teeth with MOD preparation . while the used of polyethylene fjtffer under composite restorations in root filled teeth with MOD preparations significantly, increased fracture strength .

Aim

To evaluate the effect of using flowable composite with or without ultra high modulus polyethylene fiber reinforcement on fracture resistance of root filled mandibular molars with mesio - occluso-distal(MOD) preparations.
Influence of smoking on duration and recurrence of hospitalization
Authors: J.Hamza Saad , H. Abbas Amjed
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to assess the relation between cigarette smoking and changes in hospitalization for some common cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Cigarette smoking has well-documented effects on most organs of the body. Previous studies have linked smoking bconsumption to a considerable disease burden and large healthcare expenditures. However, findings from studies based on individual level data were sparse and inconclusive. Few studies have examined the relation between smoking and patterns of admission to hospital. The annual rates of hospital admission attributable to three cardiovascular conditions ( myocardial infarction, angina, and ischemic stroke) and three respiratory conditions (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chest infection) were studied during the period from August 2007 to July 2010, 1164 smoker patients were taken as active group and 856 nonsmoker patients were regarded as never smoker group (control group). Smoking status was strongly associated with increased duration of hospitalization. For smoking-related admissions (active group), odds ratios (OR) of 2.77 (95% CI 2.13â€“3.59) in men and 6.30 (95% CI 4.80â€“8.26) in women were observed among smokers compared to never-smokers. The study also showed a significant increase in the rate of recurrence of admission to the hospital (p<0.05) while nonsignificant changes in the control group. In addition the study revealed a significant association between smoking and increased rates of duration and recurrence of admission to hospital in women in comparison to men. The results of this study serve to expand the list of health outcomes that may be ameliorated by avoiding smoking .
Use of immediate hip spica in the emergency room and out patient clinic in treating closed femoral fractures in children
Authors: Radhi Obaid Mohammed
Published: January 2024

Twenty children with closed diaphyseal fracture femur were included in a prospective study at emergency department of Al- Samawa and Al-Rhumaitha hospitals from February 2009 to October 2010.There were 15 boys (75%) and 5 girls (25%) . Their age ranged from 10 months to 6 years. Left femur was fractured in 13 (65%) and the right one in the remaining 7 (35%). Oblique fractures were the most frequently reported 12 (60%),followed by spiral fractures in 6 (30%), and transverse fractures in the remaining two (10%). The mechanism of injury was fall at play in 10 patients (50%), road traffic accident (RTA) in 8 (40%) ,and bicycle accidents in the remaining 2 (10%) . Associated soft tissue injuries to other parts of the body had occurred in 4 (20%), all of these were of minor degrees and were treated conservatively. The inclusion criteria used in this study were a patient with a 6 years or less of age with traumatic closed, uncomplicated diaphysal fracture of femur. All cases were treated by immediate hip spica casting under the sedative effect of intravenous diazepam in the emergency room (ER) and outpatient clinic depending on simple, available facilities without using general anesthesia nor C-arm. The duration of the spica was less than or 45 days in 14 patients, more than 45 days in 6 patients. Bony union was achieved in about 3 to 10 weeks (median 6) . There were no instances of malunion, nonunion, or rotational deformities. At final follow-up, limb length discrepancy was noted in 5 children (25%) .Shortening of the fractured limb was 0.5cm in 2 patients, 1cm in 2, and 1.5cm in 1, but none had a discrepancy of greater than 1.5cm or a â€˜short-leggedâ€™ gait. Mild degree of temporary knee joint stiffness was noted in all patients immediately following spica removal which had responded fully to a short course of home exercises programs. The study concluded that immediate hip spica casting in the emergency room without prolonged traction in hospital and without the need of general anesthesia with its known adverse complications is a simple ,feasible and cheap method in treating uncomplicated femoral shaft fractures in children in the first six years of age.
A 10 years review of rupture pregnant uterus in Basra maternity and child hospital
Authors: Al-Rubaei Sajda
Published: January 2024

Objectives: This study aims to document the experience of uterin rupture as a serious common complicaion of pregnancy in Basra (Iraq), it also aim to reviewing the main risk factors as to drow board lines for a strategy of prevention.Methods :It is a retrospective study carried out at Basra maternity and child hospital (Iraq) medical records were reviewed for all patient with uterine rupture from the first of Jan. 1999 to the first of Jan. 2009 . The data was analyzed and findings were reviewed to compare the result of similar studies.

Results:Out of a total number of deliveries in the studied peroid of (150514) 188 cases were diagnoised to have uterin rupture giving an incidence of 1:801. The main contributory factor of uterin rupture in this study were previous scar (29.7%) followed by CPD (26.5) follwed by PG insertion (12.7%). Around (67.02%) had complet rupture uterus. Subtotal hystrectomy was carried out in (55.2%), there was (9.5%) maternal mortality and perinatal mortality rate (62.7%).Conclusion :This study confirm the existence of serious preventable obstetrical problem, poor provision of health services, low socioeconomic standard and poor antenatal care so both social andmedical improvement will significantly improve survival in the mother with rupture uterus and reduce perinatal mortality loss.
Evaluation of the antimicrobial effect of endodontic sealers on microbiota associated with root canal infections
Authors: H. Al-Hamadani Adnan , K. Al-Yasiri Rahi , A. Manky Mahmood , A. Al-Jannat Mahab
Published: January 2024

The present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of the most commonly used sealers against the microorganisms that isolated from teeth with root canal infections. One hundred and twenty patients whom attended dental clinic of Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital for root canal treatment on one tooth only were included. By using VITEK 2- Compact system to identify the microorganisms associated with endodontic infections, Streptococcus bacteria were more frequently isolated (105 isolates), and this number was including S.pyogenes 24(16.5%) , S. mutans 23(15.6%), S.sangius 14(9.5%), S.angiosus 10(6.8%), S.pneumonia 9(6.3%), S.intermedius 9(6.3%), S.mitis 6(4%), S.salivarius 5(3.4%), Enterococcus faecalis had been recovered from root canals of 5(3.4%)teeth,. Also this study revealed that Staphylococcus bacteria were isolated from 25 infected root canal, consisting of S.aureus 17(11.5%) and S.epidermides 8(5.4%), whereas Lactobacillus acidophilus isolated in small percentage (3.4%). Candida albicans represented 12(8.1%) of tested isolations, In this study, the agar diffusion test had been used to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of commercially used endodontic sealers, the mean diameter of inhibition zone was the smallest with calcium hydroxide (1.2 mm), whereas the highest was with zinc oxide eugenol (14.9 mm). The inhibition zone of zinc oxide eugenol (antimicrobial effect) was significantly higher by a mean of 13.7 mm compared to the reference material (calcium hydroxide). The use of Resin based sealer would significantly increase the diameter of inhibition zone by 2.2 mm compared to reference sealer material. The antibacterial effect of zinc oxide eugenol and resin based were both very high compared to that of reference sealer material.
Effects of Akaka Allium akaka Gmel. extracts on the control of bacterial growth
Authors: Omer Ismaeel Sarmamy Abdul-Ghany
Published: January 2024

Several experiments were conducted, to determine the effects of extracts of vegetative parts of Lusha (Allium akaka) on growth of some human and plant pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Xanthomonas campestris and Erwinia caratovora. Plant vegetative parts were extracted (crude extraction) using distilled water and ethanol (90%). Concentrations of 500, 1000, 5000 and10000ï­g disc-1and ï­g m-1were tested. Sterilized distilled water usedas control. CRD was applied with four replications, the results analyzed statistically using SPSS and the means were compared using Duncan Multiple Range Test at 0.01 level. Results showed that ethanol extracts were effective at concentration of 5000ï­g disc-1and 10000ï­g ml-1 against Staphylococcus aureus, Xanthomonas campestris and Erwinia caratovora while aqueous extract affected on Staphylococcus aureus at 10000 ï­g ml-1 only. Escherichia coli were not affected by the plant extract at all concentrations used in this study. Agar disc diffusion technique was more effective than discsaturation method for determination of plant extract effects on thegrowth of bacteria.
Bacterial Species associated with appendicitis
Authors: H. S Naher , Ktab F. K
Published: January 2024

The study included the detection of bacterial species in 110 excised appendix being taken from 110 patients having acute appendicitis who were referred to Al-Kufa Teaching Hospital, department of urology whose ages ranged from 4 to 60 years old. The patients were 69 (62.7%) males and 41(37.3%) females. The clinical features of patients being observed by surgeons were recorded. Those were right iliac fosse pain, generalized abdominal pain, fever, loss of appetite and nausea. White blood cells count, C-reactive protein and general urine analysis were also studied, in addition to abdominal ultra-sonography and computer tomography (C.T.). The age group of both sexes being more susceptible for appendicitis ranged from 11 to 20 years old. The ratio of males to females' infections was 1.7:1. A total of 111 bacterial isolates were isolated from inflamed appendicitis of 110 patients with acute appendicitis. Positive bacterial cultures were detected in 90 (81.8%) patients while 20 (18.2%) patients showed no growth. The aerobic bacteria accounted for 87 (78.4%) isolates whereas anaerobic were only 24(21.6%) isolates. Gram-negative bacteria were presented in 107 (96.4%) while gram-positive bacteria were accounted for 4 (3.6%). Escherichia coli was the predominant pathogens, since it accounted for 36 (32.4%) of all isolates followed by Bacteroides spp. 21 (18.9%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 18 (16.2 % ), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 11 (9.9%), Citrobacter freundii 7 (6.3%), Salmonella typhi 5 (4.5%), Proteus mirabilis 5 (4.5%), Enterobacter aerogenesa 4 (3.6%), Peptodtreptococcus 2 (1.8%), Staphylococcus aureus 1 (0.9%) and Clostridium perfringns 1 (0.9%). Mixed cultures were detected in 21 cases*, in which more than one organism were detected. Most of mixed bacterial isolates were aerobic with anaerobic bacteria 13 (61.9%) in which Escherichia coli was the common, since it accounted for 15 (71.4%).
Some physiological changes in men and women after an acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Obaid Al-Muhammadi Muhammad
Published: January 2024

This study was designed to assess some hematological and biochemical changes related to the acute myocardial infarction patients ,since the levels of these constituents are very important for the health care team to know how the body is responding to the different therapies that being provided and this will help the medical staff for proper management with less morbidity and mortality . The study proceeded from March /2010 to August / 2010. There are 48 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and healthy subjects of both sexes. The patients were diagnosed by specialist physicians by using positive troponin I tests, typical chest pain and changes in ECG . A total number of 26 patients ; 14 males and 12 females and 22 of healthy control subjects ; 12 males and 10 females.The ages of subjects ranged between 40 to 60 years. Those patients were admitted to the cardiac care unit (CCU) in Marjan Teaching hospital in Hilla city. A history and physical examination were obtained and laboratory tests were performed in all subjects during first 3 days of attack . Concerning the hematological parameters , it was found that white blood cells(WBCs) count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of male and female AMI patients showed significant increase(P<0.001) in comparison with healthy controls. Regarding the biochemical parameters ,it was found significant increase(P<0.001) in total serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL and VLDL (P<0.01)in male and female AMI patients in comparison with healthy controls .While HDL significantly decrease(P<0.001) in both male and female patients in comparison with that of control. Serum magnesium and zinc concentration of both male and female AMI patients showed significant decrease(in male , P<0.05 ; P<0.01 and in female , P<0.01; P<0.01 , respectively) in comparison with control. While ,serum calcium, blood urea and serum creatinine in patients with AMI of both males and females are significantly increased (P<0.001) (exception in calcium, female at P<0.01 ) in comparison with the controls groups.