bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal Displacement Analysis and Verification for Screw in a Vertical Transmission Double Nut Ball-Screw System
Authors: Wei Chin Chung , Wang Jui Chi , Huang Yuan Lun
Published: July 2018

High speed transmission table is wildly used in industry and the demand is increased recently. High speed ball-screw device is a major component in the system. High speed transmission brings high friction and causes serious thermal displacement, especially in vertical transmission situation. Because the external load is become axial load applied on nut directly. Friction and wear became heavier on contact areas between ball and raceways, preload in ball-screw will thus be decreased speedily with operating time. The decrease of preload is also affect thermal rising rate and thermal displacement.The work of this paper is to establish a thermal elastic-viscous hydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) analysing model for friction calculation. Contact and friction forces of each contact area varying with operating conditions of ball-screw can be obtained as boundary conditions of FEM model, and theoretical results were well confirmed with surface temperature and displacement of screw. The aim of the study is useful in understanding thermal effect for a preloaded double nut ball-screw in vertical transmission.
The Design and Prototype Manufacture of Helical Gear Reducers with Two Gear Pairs
Authors: Chen Tzu Hsia , Hsieh Long Chang
Published: July 2018

Due to the reasons of manufacture cost and mechanical efficiency, the gear transmissions for electric vehicles are helical gear reducers. For electric vehicles, the reduction ratios are required to be 11~30 and their gear reducers are helical gear reducer with two gear pairs. This paper focused on the design and prototype manufacture of helical gear reducers with two gear pairs. First, according to the kinematic requirements of electric vehicles, their reduction ratios were derived. Then, based on the involute theorem, the gear data of helical spur gear pairs we obtained. Finally, according to the gear data, its corresponding engineering drawings were accomplished and its corresponding prototype was manufactured. The results of this paper can be used as reference for engineers to design the gear reducers for electric vehicles.
Effect of Flow Rate of Reactive Gas on Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Carbon Nitride Coatings
Authors: Su Yean Liang , Yao Sun Hui , Wu Yi Ru , Lin Cheng Yeh
Published: July 2018

This study discusses the mechanical and tribological properties of a series of carbon nitride coatings deposited by unbalanced DC magnetron sputtering using nitrogen-argon mixture gas and graphite targets. The carbon nitride coatings were with varying carbon/nitrogen ratio by varying the gas flow rate ratio of nitrogen gas/argon while kept the overall gas flow rate at constant. The carbon nitride coatings with C/N ratios from 2.01 to 3.27 were obtained. The coatings were characterized and studied by nanohardness, scratching, and wear testers. It was found that the carbon nitride coatings with C/N ratio=2.36 showed the best performance of all the evaluated properties.
The Micro-Temperatures of the Peaks and Valleys of Sliding Rough Surfaces
Authors: Chern Shin Yuh , Horng Jeng Haur , Tsai Cheng Han , Tsai Hung Jung
Published: July 2018

The surface micro-temperature of sliding, rough bodies is an important factor affecting contact properties, such as chemical reactions of automatic injectors for medicine and chemical processes and surface failure of micro-and macro-devices. In this work, the Finite Element Method is used to analyze the micro-temperature of the peaks and valleys of multiplying asperity sliding contact surfaces. The affecting parameters include pressure, roughness, sliding speed, Peclet number, and thermal conductivity of rough surfaces. Analysis results showed that the effects of the studied parameters are different to those of peak and valley temperatures. While pressure increased, the increasing rate of the temperature rise parameter of valleys was larger than those of peaks. The temperature rise of peaks increased as roughness increased. On the contrary, the temperature rise of valleys decreased as roughness increased. Sliding speed and thermal conductivity played the most important roles in affecting the maximum micro-temperature rise. The temperature rise difference between peaks and valleys was almost proportional to thermal conductivity, and was inversely proportional to sliding speed for all cases. This transient thermal analysis enables precision control of interface micro-temperature for micro-moving devices.
Type 1 IFN and PD-L1 Coordinate Lymphatic Endothelial Cell Expansion and Contraction during an Inflammatory Immune Response
Authors: Lucas Erin D. , Finlon Jeffrey M. , Burchill Matthew A. , McCarthy Mary K. , Morrison Thomas E. , Colpitts Tonya M. , Tamburini Beth A. Jirón
Published: July 2018

Lymph node (LN) expansion during an immune response is a complex process that involves the relaxation of the fibroblastic network, germinal center formation, and lymphatic vessel growth. These processes require the stromal cell network of the LN to act deliberately to accommodate the influx of immune cells to the LN. The molecular drivers of these processes are not well understood. Therefore, we asked whether the immediate cytokines type 1 IFN produced during viral infection influence the lymphatic network of the LN in mice. We found that following an IFN-inducing stimulus such as viral infection or polyI:C, programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is dynamically upregulated on lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). We found that reception of type 1 IFN by LECs is important for the upregulation of PD-L1 of mouse and human LECs and the inhibition of LEC expansion in the LN. Expression of PD-L1 by LECs is also important for the regulation of LN expansion and contraction after an IFN-inducing stimulus. We demonstrate a direct role for both type 1 IFN and PD-L1 in inhibiting LEC division and in promoting LEC survival. Together, these data reveal a novel mechanism for the coordination of type 1 IFN and PD-L1 in manipulating LEC expansion and survival during an inflammatory immune response.
Comparison of the amplitude of accommodation determined subjectively and objectively in South African university students
Authors: Mathebula Solani D. , Ntsoane Mologadi D. , Makgaba Nkalebetja T. , Landela Khensani L.
Published: July 2018

Background: Historically, two clinical methods have been used for measuring the amplitude of accommodation, which are the push-up and minus lens methods. However, it has been documented that the push-up method overestimates amplitude of accommodation, while the minus lens method underestimates it.Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare subjective and objective procedures for determining the monocular amplitude of accommodation in young optometry students.Setting: The study was conducted in the optometry clinic at the university.Methods: Amplitude of accommodation was measured on 45 optometry students (17 males and 28 females, whose ages ranged from 21 to 27 years) using the push-up, push-down, minus lens, modified dynamic retinoscopy and Pascal dynamic retinoscopy methods. Data were collected by three different examiners in this study. One examiner measured all the subjective tests, while another examiner measured the modified dynamic retinoscopy. The third examiner measured the Pascal heterodynamic retinoscopy.Results: The highest amplitude of accommodation was obtained using the push-up method (10.23 ± 1.67 D), while the minus lens method gave the lowest subjective finding (8.43 ± 1.68 D). However, the subjective methods generally produced comparable results. Both retinoscopic methods showed the lowest mean amplitude of accommodation of approximately 6.50 ± 1.40 D. However, there was a high correlation between the various methods.Conclusion: The push-up and push-down methods overestimate the true amplitude of accommodation because of the relative magnification, while the minus lens method creates an abnormal viewing environment in which the target is stationary but the stimulus becomes increasingly minified. Subjective amplitude of accommodation is an inadequate measure to assess any true accommodation because it fails to differentiate between passive depth of focus and an active accommodative power change in the eye. Therefore, subjective measurement of the amplitude of accommodation may suggest that accommodation is present when it is not. Further research is needed to further validate dynamic retinoscopy as the optimal or best possible routine clinical method to assess the true amplitude of accommodation.
To what extent does socio-economic status still affect household access to water and sanitation services in South Africa?
Authors: Rhodes Bruce , McKenzie Tamlyn
Published: July 2018

It is publically acknowledged that South Africa has recently met its millennium development goal of halving water and sanitation services (WSS) backlogs. However, significant deficits remain, especially in the case of sanitation. These shortfalls are unevenly distributed across provinces and can be tracked by socio-economic status. This article seeks to examine and identify the socio-economic factors that may affect poor WSS provision in South Africa. Using the 2014 South African General Household Survey, socio-economic indicators and access to WSS were analysed. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis indicate that access to WSS is largely determined by province, race and geographical location. It appears that higher quality levels of sanitation are less accessible relative to piped water access. Identifying these socio-economic factors affecting WSS provides obvious policy direction and better-targeted water infrastructural development.
Factors impeding African immigrant entrepreneurs’ progression in selected small and medium enterprises: Evidence from a local municipality in South Africa
Authors: Ngota Bernard L. , Mang'unyi Eric E. , Rajkaran Sookdhev
Published: July 2018

This study examines factors inhibiting African immigrant entrepreneurs’ small and medium enterprises’ (SMEs) growth in a municipality of South Africa. Understanding these factors is important to stakeholders as this is an area that plagues much of the immigrant entrepreneurship literature. The study is descriptive in nature, and data were sourced from active African immigrant entrepreneurs through a quantitative approach. Random sampling was used to identify a total of 75 businesses. The results indicated that access to credit from regulated financial institutions is a mirage and that Afrophobic attacks on businesses dwindles prospects of entrepreneurship, job and wealth creation, thus impacting on economic growth of the region. To help bring ‘long-lasting’ co-existence between immigrant entrepreneurs and natives, formulation and implementation of ‘liberal’ integrated public policy interventions and strategies are needed. This would help in having a positive impact on the region’s prosperity in terms of job creation, poverty reduction and economic growth, in turn improving the peoples’ well-being. Given the migratory patterns and greater human global mobility, debate on integrated approaches among or within government systems should never be obscure as it is one of the biggest challenges in the continent.
Rigged configurations and cylindric loop Schur functions
Authors: Lam Thomas , Pylyavskyy Pavlo , Sakamoto Reiho
Published: July 2018

Rigged configurations are known to provide action-angle variables for remarkable discrete dynamical systems known as box-ball systems. We conjecture an explicit piecewise-linear formula to obtain the shapes of a rigged configuration from a tensor product of one-row crystals. We introduce cylindric loop Schur functions and show that they are invariants of the geometric

R

-matrix. Our piecewise-linear formula is obtained as the tropicalization of ratios of cylindric loop Schur functions. We prove our conjecture for the first shape of a rigged configuration, thus giving a piecewise-linear formula for the lengths of the solitons of a box-ball system.
Edge correlation function of the 8-vertex model when $a + c = b + d$
Authors: Casse Jérôme
Published: July 2018

This paper is devoted to the 8-vertex model and its edge correlation function. In some particular (integrable) cases, we find a closed form of the edge correlation function and we deduce also its asymptotics. In addition, we quantify influence of boundary conditions on this function.

To do this, we introduce a system of particles in interaction related to the 8-vertex model. This system, studied using various tools fromanalytic combinatorics, random walks and conics, permits to compute the correlation function. To study the influence of boundary conditions, we involve probabilistic cellular automata of order 2.
Binary linear codes via 4D discrete Ihara–Selberg function
Authors: Loebl Martin
Published: July 2018

We express the weight enumerator of each binary linear code, in particular the Ising partition function of an arbitrary finite graph, as a formal infinite product. An analogous result was obtained by Feynman and Sherman in the beginning of the 1960s for the special case of the Ising partition function of the planar graphs. A product expression is an important step towards understanding the logarithm of the Ising partition function, for general graphs and in particular for the cubic 3D lattices.
Equidistribution of phase shifts in trapped scattering
Authors: Ingremeau Maxime
Published: July 2018

We consider semiclassical scattering for compactly supported perturbations of the Laplacian and show equidistribution of eigenvalues of the scattering matrix at (classically) non-degenerate energy levels. The only requirement is that sets of fixed points of certain natural scattering relations have measure zero. This extends the result of [16], where the authors proved the equidistribution result under a similar assumption on fixed points but with the condition that there is no trapping.
Удивительные примеры нерациональных гладких спектральных поверхностей
Authors: Zheglov Alexander Borisovich
Published: July 2018

Изучаются необходимые и достаточные алгебро-геометрические условия существования нетривиальных коммутативных подалгебр ранга $1$ в алгебре $\widehat{D}$, пополненной алгебре дифференциальных операторов в частных производных от двух переменных, представляющей собой простой чисто алгебраический аналог алгебры аналитических псевдодифференциальных операторов на многообразии.
Эти условия являются условиями на проективную (спектральную) поверхность и входят в определение нового понятия пре-спектральных данных. Для гладких поверхностей достаточные условия выглядят особенно просто. На гладкой проективной поверхности должна лежать: 1) целая обильная кривая $C$ с $C^2=1$ и $h^0(X,\mathscr O_X(C))=1$; 2) дивизор $D$ с $(D, C)_X=g(C)-1$, $h^i(X,\mathscr O_X(D))=0$, $i=0,1,2$, и $h^0(X,\mathscr O_X(D+C))=1$.
Существуют примеры таких поверхностей, и соответствующие им коммутативные подалгебры не допускают изоспектральных деформаций.
Библиография: 45 названий.
Combining airborne in situ and ground-based lidar measurements for attribution of aerosol layers
Authors: Nikandrova Anna , Tabakova Ksenia , Manninen Antti , Väänänen Riikka , Petäjä Tuukka , Kulmala Markku , Kerminen Veli-Matti , O'Connor Ewan
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Understanding the distribution of aerosol layers is important for determining long-range transport and aerosol radiative forcing. In this study we combine airborne in situ measurements of aerosol with data obtained by a ground-based high spectral resolution lidar (HSRL) and radiosonde profiles to investigate the temporal and vertical variability of aerosol properties in the lower troposphere. The HSRL was deployed in Hyytiälä, southern Finland, from January to September 2014 as a part of the U.S. DOE ARM (Atmospheric Radiation Measurement) mobile facility during the BAECC (Biogenic Aerosols – Effects on Cloud and Climate) Campaign. Two flight campaigns took place in April and August 2014 with instruments measuring the aerosol size distribution from 10 nm to 5 µm at altitudes up to 3800 m. Two case studies with several aerosol layers present were selected from the flight campaigns for further investigation: one clear-sky and one partly cloudy case. During the clear-sky case, turbulent mixing ensured small temporal and spatial variability in the measured aerosol size distribution in the boundary layer, whereas mixing was not as homogeneous in the boundary layer during the partly cloudy case. The elevated layers exhibited larger temporal and spatial variability in aerosol size distribution, indicating a lack of mixing. New particle formation was observed in the boundary layer during the clear-sky case, and nucleation mode particles were also seen in the elevated layers that were not mixing with the boundary layer. Interpreting local measurements of elevated layers in terms of long-range transport can be achieved using back trajectories from Lagrangian models, but care should be taken in selecting appropriate arrival heights, since the modelled and observed layer heights did not always coincide. We conclude that higher confidence in attributing elevated aerosol layers to their air mass origin is attained when back trajectories are combined with lidar and radiosonde profiles.
Empirical growth models for the renewable energy sector
Authors: Rypdal Kristoffer
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Three simple, empirical models for growth of power consumption in the renewable energy sector are compared. These are the exponential, logistic, and power-law models. The exponential model describes growth at a fixed relative growth rate, the logistic model saturates at a fixed limit, while the power-law model describes slowing, but unlimited, growth. The model parameters are determined by regression to historical global data for solar and wind power consumption, and model projections are compared to scenarios based on macroeconomic modelling that meet the 2∘ target. It is demonstrated that rational rejection of an exponential growth model in favour of a logistic growth model cannot be made from existing data for the historical evolution of global renewable power consumption y(t). It is also shown that the logistic model yields saturation of growth at unrealistic low levels. The power-law growth model is found to give very good fits to the data through the last decade, and the projections align very well with the scenarios. Power-law growth is equivalent to the simple law that the relative growth rate y′/y decays inversely proportional to time. It is shown that this is a natural model for growth that slows down due to various constraints, yet not experiencing the effect of a strict upper limit defined by physical boundaries. If the actual consumption follows the power-law curve in the years to come the exponential-growth null hypothesis can be correctly rejected around 2020.
Reduction in 317–780 nm radiance reflected from the sunlit Earth during the eclipse of 21 August 2017
Authors: Herman Jay , Wen Guoyong , Marshak Alexander , Blank Karin , Huang Liang , Cede Alexander , Abuhassan Nader , Kowalewski Matthew
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Ten wavelength channels of calibrated radiance image data from
the sunlit Earth are obtained every 65 min during Northern Hemisphere
summer from the EPIC (Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera) instrument on the
DSCOVR (Deep Space Climate Observatory) satellite located near the Earth–Sun Lagrange 1
point (L1), about 1.5 million km from the Earth. The L1 location
permitted seven observations of the Moon's shadow on the Earth for about 3 h during the 21 August 2017 eclipse. Two of the observations were timed
to coincide with totality over Casper, Wyoming, and Columbia, Missouri. Since
the solar irradiances within five channels (λi=388, 443, 551,
680, and 780 nm) are not strongly absorbed in the atmosphere, they can be
used for characterizing the eclipse reduction in reflected radiances for the
Earth's sunlit face containing the eclipse shadow. Five channels (λi=317.5, 325, 340, 688, and 764 nm) that are partially absorbed in the
atmosphere give consistent reductions compared to the non-absorbed channels.
This indicates that cloud reflectivities dominate the 317.5–780 nm
radiances reflected back to space from the sunlit Earth's disk with a
significant contribution from Rayleigh scattering for the shorter
wavelengths. An estimated reduction of 10 % was obtained for spectrally
integrated radiance (387 to 781 nm) reflected from the sunlit Earth towards
L1 for two sets of observations on 21 August 2017, while the shadow was
in the vicinity of Casper, Wyoming (42.8666∘ N, 106.3131∘ W; centered on 17:44:50 UTC), and Columbia, Missouri (38.9517∘ N,
92.3341∘ W; centered on 18:14:50 UTC). In contrast, when
non-eclipse days (20 and 23 August) are compared for each wavelength
channel, the change in reflected light is much smaller (less than 1 % for
443 nm compared to 9 % (Casper) and 8 % (Columbia) during the eclipse).
Also measured was the ratio REN(λi) of reflected radiance on
adjacent non-eclipse days divided by radiances centered in the eclipse
totality region with the same geometry for all 10 wavelength channels. The
measured REN(443 nm) was smaller for Columbia (169) than for
Casper (935), because Columbia had more cloud cover than Casper.
REN(λi) forms a useful test of a 3-D radiative transfer models
for an eclipse in the presence of optically thin clouds. Specific values
measured at Casper with thin clouds are REN(340 nm) = 475,
REN(388 nm) = 3500, REN(443 nm) = 935, REN(551 nm) = 5455, REN(680 nm) = 220, and REN(780 nm) = 395. Some of the
variability is caused by changing cloud amounts within the moving region of
totality during the 2.7 min needed to measure all 10 wavelength channels.
A Fourier transform spectroradiometer for ground-based remote
sensing of the atmospheric downwelling long-wave radiance
Authors: Bianchini Giovanni , Castagnoli Francesco , Di Natale Gianluca , Palchetti Luca
Published: July 2018

Abstract. The Radiation Explorer in the Far Infrared - Prototype for Applications and Development (REFIR-PAD) is a Fourier transform spectroradiometer that has been designed to operate both from stratospheric balloon platform and from ground. It has been successfully deployed in a stratospheric balloon flight and several ground based campaigns from high altitude sites, including the current installation in the Concordia Italian-French Antarctic station. The instrument is capable to operate autonomously with only a limited need of remote control and monitoring, and is providing a multi-year dataset of spectrally resolved atmospheric downwelling radiances, measured in the 100–1500 cm−1 spectral range with 0.4 cm−1 resolution and a radiometric uncertainty better than 0.85 mW/m2 sr cm−1.
Geophysical and geochemical controls on the megafaunal community of a high Arctic cold seep
Authors: Sen Arunima , Åström Emmelie K. L. , Hong Wei-Li , Portnov Alexey , Waage Malin , Serov Pavel , Carroll Michael L. , Carroll JoLynn
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Cold-seep megafaunal communities around gas hydrate mounds (pingos) in the
western Barents Sea (76∘ N, 16∘ E, ∼400 m
depth) were investigated with high-resolution, geographically referenced
images acquired with an ROV and towed camera. Four pingos associated with
seabed methane release hosted diverse biological communities of mainly
nonseep (background) species including commercially important fish and
crustaceans, as well as a species new to this area (the snow crab
Chionoecetes opilio). We attribute the presence of most benthic
community members to habitat heterogeneity and the occurrence of hard
substrates (methane-derived authigenic carbonates), particularly the most
abundant phyla (Cnidaria and Porifera), though food availability and exposure
to a diverse microbial community is also important for certain taxa. Only one
chemosynthesis-based species was confirmed, the siboglinid frenulate
polychaete Oligobrachia cf. haakonmosbiensis. Overall, the
pingo communities formed two distinct clusters, distinguished by the presence
or absence of frenulate aggregations. Methane gas advection through sediments
was low, below the single pingo that lacked frenulate aggregations, while
seismic profiles indicated abundant gas-saturated sediment below the other
frenulate-colonized pingos. The absence of frenulate aggregations could not
be explained by sediment sulfide concentrations, despite these worms likely
containing sulfide-oxidizing symbionts. We propose that high levels of
seafloor methane seepage linked to subsurface gas reservoirs support an
abundant and active sediment methanotrophic community that maintains high
sulfide fluxes and serves as a carbon source for frenulate worms. The pingo
currently lacking a large subsurface gas source and lower methane
concentrations likely has lower sulfide flux rates and limited amounts of
carbon, insufficient to support large populations of frenulates. Two
previously undocumented behaviors were visible through the images: grazing
activity of snow crabs on bacterial mats, and seafloor crawling of
Nothria conchylega onuphid polychaetes.
Thermocline state change in the eastern equatorial Pacific during the late Pliocene/early Pleistocene intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation
Authors: Jakob Kim Alix , Pross Jörg , Scholz Christian , Fiebig Jens , Friedrich Oliver
Published: July 2018

Abstract. The late Pliocene/early Pleistocene intensification of Northern Hemisphere
glaciation (iNHG) ∼2.5 million years ago (marine isotope stages,
MIS, 100–96) stands out as
an important tipping point in Earth's climate history, which strongly
influenced oceanographic and climatic patterns including trade wind and
upwelling strength in the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP). The thermocline
depth in the EEP, in turn, plays a pivotal role in the Earth's climate
system: small changes in its depth associated with short-term climate
phenomena such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation can affect
surface-water properties and the ocean–atmosphere exchange. However,
thermocline dynamics in the EEP during the iNHG still remain unclear. While
numerous studies have suggested a link between a thermocline shoaling in the
EEP and Northern Hemisphere ice growth, other studies have indicated a stable
thermocline depth during the iNHG; consequently, a causal relationship
between thermocline dynamics and ice-sheet growth has been excluded. In light
of these contradictory views, we have generated geochemical (planktic
foraminiferal δ18O, δ13C and
Mg ∕ Ca), sedimentological (sand
accumulation rates) and faunal (abundance data of thermocline-dwelling
foraminifera) records for Ocean Drilling Program Site 849 located in the
central region of the EEP. Our records span the interval from ∼2.75 to
2.4 Ma (MIS G7–95), which is critical for understanding thermocline
dynamics during the final phase of the iNHG. Our new records document a
thermocline shoaling from ∼2.64 to 2.55 Ma (MIS G2–101) and a
relatively shallow thermocline from ∼2.55 Ma onwards (MIS 101–95).
This indicates a state change in thermocline depth at Site 849 shortly before
the final phase of the iNHG. Ultimately, our data support the hypothesis that
(sub-)tropical thermocline shoaling may have contributed to the development
of large Northern Hemisphere ice sheets.
The development and test research of a multichannel synchronous transient electromagnetic receiver
Authors: Lin Fanqiang , Wang Xuben , Chen Kecheng , Hu Depan , Gao Song , Zou Xue , Zeng Cai
Published: July 2018

Abstract. As a result of the drastic reduction in
shallow mineral resources, the exploitable potential and reserves of proven
mines are insufficient, and the mineral resources in deep ground need to be
more explored in a more refined way. There are some disadvantages of the existing
instruments, such as few channels and slow sampling rate. Therefore,
a multiparameter transient electromagnetic instrument with synchronous
receiving has been developed and tested. The instrument is composed of two
controllers – embedded controller and programmable logic controller – which can
provide a diversified information combination for follow-up information
processing. Under the grounding electrode source emission mode, the real-time
synchronous transient electromagnetic acquisition system of six channels is
achieved with a sampling rate of 128 000 samples per second (SPS). The data
acquired by the six channels is recorded in the full-time range of the time
domain. Furthermore, experiments were carried out in the laboratory, open
areas, and actual mine. Through data analysis, the measured data curves of the
mining area are highly consistent with the existing geochemical exploration
curves and geological profile.
The NUIST Earth System Model (NESM) version 3: description and preliminary evaluation
Authors: Cao Jian , Wang Bin , Yang Young-Min , Ma Libin , Li Juan , Sun Bo , Bao Yan , He Jie , Zhou Xiao , Wu Liguang
Published: July 2018

Abstract. The Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Earth System
Model version 3 (NESM v3) has been developed, aiming to provide a numerical
modeling platform for cross-disciplinary Earth system studies, project
future Earth climate and environment changes, and conduct
subseasonal-to-seasonal prediction. While the previous model version NESM v1
simulates the internal modes of climate variability well, it has no
vegetation dynamics and suffers considerable radiative energy imbalance at
the top of the atmosphere and surface, resulting in large biases in the
global mean surface air temperature, which limits its utility to simulate
past and project future climate changes. The NESM v3 has upgraded
atmospheric and land surface model components and improved physical
parameterization and conservation of coupling variables. Here we describe
the new version's basic features and how the major improvements were made.
We demonstrate the v3 model's fidelity and suitability to address global
climate variability and change issues. The 500-year preindustrial (PI)
experiment shows negligible trends in the net heat flux at the top of
atmosphere and the Earth surface. Consistently, the simulated global mean
surface air temperature, land surface temperature, and sea surface
temperature (SST) are all in a quasi-equilibrium state. The conservation of
global water is demonstrated by the stable evolution of the global mean
precipitation, sea surface salinity (SSS), and sea water salinity. The sea
ice extents (SIEs), as a major indication of high-latitude climate, also
maintain a balanced state. The simulated spatial patterns of the energy
states, SST, precipitation, and SSS fields are realistic, but the model suffers
from a cold bias in the North Atlantic, a warm bias in the Southern Ocean,
and associated deficient Antarctic sea ice area, as well as a delicate sign
of the double ITCZ syndrome. The estimated radiative forcing of quadrupling
carbon dioxide is about 7.24 W m−2, yielding a climate sensitivity
feedback parameter of −0.98 W m−2 K−1, and the equilibrium climate
sensitivity is 3.69 K. The transient climate response from the 1 % yr−1 CO2
(1pctCO2) increase experiment is 2.16 K. The model's performance on internal
modes and responses to external forcing during the historical period will be
documented in an accompanying paper.
FESOM-C: coastal dynamics on hybrid unstructured meshes
Authors: Androsov Alexey , Fofonova Vera , Kuznetsov Ivan , Danilov Sergey , Rakowsky Natalja , Harig Sven , Wiltshire Karen Helen
Published: July 2018

Abstract. We describe FESOM-C, the coastal branch of the Finite-volumE Sea ice -- Ocean Model (FESOM2), which shares with FESOM2 many numerical aspects, in particular, its finite-volume cell-vertex discretization. Its dynamical core differs by the implementation of time stepping, the use of terrain-following vertical coordinate and formulation for hybrid meshes composed of triangles and quads. The first two distinctions were critical for coding FESOM-C as an independent branch. The hybrid mesh capability improves numerical efficiency, since quadrilateral cells have fewer edges than triangular cells. They do not suffer from spurious inertial modes of the triangular cell-vertex discretization and need less dissipation. The hybrid mesh capability allows one to use quasi-quadrilateral unstructured meshes, with triangular cells included only to join quadrilateral patches of differt resolution or instead of strongly deformed quadrilateral cells. The description of the model numerical part is complemented by test cases illustrating the model performance.
Mapping accessibility for earthquake hazard response in the historic urban centre of Bucharest
Authors: Merciu Cristina , Ianos Ioan , Merciu George-Laurenţiu , Jones Roy , Pomeroy George
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Planning for post-disaster accessibility is essential for the provision of
emergency and other services to protect life and property in impacted areas.
Such planning is particularly important in congested historic districts where
narrow streets and at-risk structures are more common and may even prevail.
Indeed, a standard method of measuring accessibility, through the use of
isochrones, may be particularly inappropriate in these congested historic
areas. Bucharest, Romania, is a city with a core of historic buildings and
narrow streets. Furthermore, Bucharest ranks second only to Istanbul among
large European cities in terms of its seismic risk. This paper provides an
accessibility simulation for central Bucharest using mapping and geographic information system
(GIS) technologies. It hypothesizes that all buildings in the risk 1 class would
collapse in an earthquake of a similar magnitude to those of 1940 and 1977.
The authors then simulate accessibility impacts in the historic centre of
Bucharest, such as the isolation of certain areas and blockages of some
street sections. In this simulation, accessibility will be substantially
compromised by anticipated and extensive building collapse. Therefore, policy
makers and planners need to fully understand and incorporate the serious
implications of this compromised accessibility when planning emergency
services and disaster recovery responses.
The optical characteristics and sources of chromophoric
dissolved organic matter
(CDOM) in seasonal snow of
northwestern China
Authors: Zhou Yue , Wen Hui , Liu Jun , Pu Wei , Chen Qingcai , Wang Xin
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) plays an important role in the global carbon cycle and energy budget. A field campaign was conducted across northwestern China from January to February 2012, and surface seasonal snow samples were collected at 39 sites in Xinjiang and Qinghai provinces. Light-absorption measurements, fluorescence measurements and chemical analysis were conducted to investigate the optical properties and potential sources of CDOM in seasonal snow. The abundance of CDOM (the absorption coefficient at 280 nm, a280) and the spectral slope from 275 to 295 nm (S275–295) ranged from 0.15–10.57 m−1 and 0.0129–0.0389 nm−1, respectively. The highest average a280 (2.30±0.52 m−1) and lowest average S275–295 (0.0188±0.0015 nm−1) in Qinghai indicated that the snow CDOM in this region had strongly terrestrial characteristic. Relatively low regional average a280 values were found in sites located to the north of the Tianshan Mountains and northwestern Xinjiang along the border of China (0.93±0.68 m−1 and 0.80±0.62 m−1, respectively). Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) identified three types of chromophores that were attributed to two humic-like substances (HULIS, C1 and C2) and one protein-like material (C3). C1 was mainly from soil HULIS, while the potential sources of C2 were complex and included soil, microbial activities, anthropogenic pollution and biomass burning. The good relationship between a280 and the intensity of C1 (R2 = 0.938, p<0.001) indicated that the CDOM abundance in the surface snow across northwestern China was mainly controlled by terrestrial sources. In addition, the regional variations of sources for CDOM in snow were further assessed by the analysis of chemical species (e.g., soluble ions) and air mass backward trajectories combined with satellite fire locations.
The influence of involvement in a widening participation outreach program on student ambassadors’ retention and success
Authors: Green Alison
Published: July 2018

This article examines university student involvement in programs aimed at widening higher education participation. Studies have demonstrated that prospective students from low-socioeconomic backgrounds benefit from interaction with tertiary role models, while university student benefits include graduate capability development. This article contributes to understanding the benefits of university student involvement in widening participation programs by exploring their influence on retention and success. This is timely as the Australian higher education sector is increasingly focused on improving student outcomes. A survey of student ambassadors, based on Kahu and Nelson’s (2018) conceptual framework of ‘mediating mechanisms’ that influence student outcomes, indicates that the role positively influences students’ retention and success. This article also increases institutional understanding of university students’ perspectives and demonstrates the potential usefulness of Kahu and Nelson’s framework when examining the extent to which specific initiatives influence student outcomes.
Intra-university partnerships improve student success in a first-year success and retention outreach initiative
Authors: Cox Sarah , Naylor Ryan
Published: July 2018

La Trobe University faces multiple challenges in responding to attrition and providing a positive student experience among an increasingly diverse first-year cohort. As in many institutions, La Trobe has developed a transition and academic outreach program, Succeed at La Trobe, to support retention, academic preparation and sense of belonging, using an appreciative advising theoretical framework. Although similar programs exist at other universities, these initiatives are often dissociated from day-to-day academic activities and curricula, outsourced to third parties, or focused on specific subjects. Succeed at La Trobe, however, takes an integrated, partnership-based approach, and in 2017 adopted two models of practice which are contrasted here. The established model, of partnerships with individual discipline academics, successfully improved retention rates and student outcomes, with student weighted average marks increased by 3.8 points. In a fully engaged partnership model with first-year Health Science staff and other student-focused areas of the university, a whole-of-student-experience approach was possible, including a more holistic approach to the identification and contact of at-risk students. Deeper engagement and integration with academic business resulted in several benefits, including an increase in contacted students’ weighted average marks of 8.5 points. This paper outlines the collaborative approach taken to develop the intervention and the resulting benefits and implications for practitioners that may apply to other institutions.
Toolkit for success: The Griffith Health suite of online student support resources. A Practice Report
Authors: Eaton Rebecca , Sharples Jacob , Buys Nicholas
Published: July 2018

In the current higher education climate, never has it been more imperative to promote early and ongoing student success and retention. Transition theory suggests that taking a coherent, scalable and holistic approach to supporting the student learning experience is the best way to scaffold and enable early success and persistence. Utilising this pedagogical approach, Griffith Health has designed and implemented a range of innovative, online resources to support the needs of undergraduate and postgraduate students as they transition across the student lifecycle. This ‘toolkit for success’ includes school-specific orientation websites, a targeted writing and referencing online guide, and a ‘one-stop-shop’ resource where students can quickly and easily connect with all of the support services and resources available across the University. Analytics data show the support resources are being very well accessed and utilised, with staff and student feedback also highlighting their effectiveness and value.
Fiestas religiosas, vida social y excomunión en la ciudad de Santa Marta en el Siglo de las luces
Authors: Sinning Edgar Rey
Published: July 2018

Este artículo está orientado a examinar el papel que las fiestas religiosas llegadas en el calendario festivo ibérico, impuestas desde la conquista y fortalecidas en el siglo XVIII, cumplieron en las tierras americanas, a través de los anuncios que realizaban las autoridades borbónicas por medio de las conocidas Fiestas de Tablas. En ellas se definían las fiestas que eran de obligada  celebración y días de guardar. De igual manera, establece el comportamiento de los samarios con el cumplimiento de los deberes dado a su condición de católicos, apostólicos y romanos. Igualmente, se revisan las confrontaciones permanentes de las autoridades civiles y eclesiásticas por el control de la vida social y religiosa de los samarios, al punto, que como mecanismo de presión el Gobierno Eclesiástico utilizaba la excomunión para imponerse.
El Ser-para-la-muerte (Das Sein zum Tode) como fundante de una ética en Heidegger
Authors: Amaya Pérez Ulises Salomón
Published: July 2018

El presente artículo tiene la pretensión de mostrar la posibilidad de una ética en Heidegger a partir del ser-para-la-muerte. Para ello, lo hemos dividido en tres partes. La primera de ellas trata de mostrar el vínculo que existe entre el estar-en-el-mundo y la ética, partiendo de la comprensión que Heidegger tiene de ésta. En el segundo apartado hacemos una aproximación a la cotidianidad del Dasein, señalando algunas implicaciones que esta cotidianidad tiene con claras resonancias éticas. Para finalizar, en el último apartado, tratamos de mostrar cómo el ser-para-la-muerte puede llegar a ser considerado como un fundante ético.
Indagación cristiana en los márgenes. Un clamor latinoamericano
Authors: Gutiérrez Julio Rafael
Published: July 2018

No hay resúmenes disponiblesTEORÍA Y PRAXIS año 14, No.28, Enero-Mayo de 2016, pp.133-135
The Informed Consent/Assent from the Doctrine of the Mature Minor
Authors: Diaz Perez Anderson , Vega Ochoa Arley Denisse , Oñate Zoraima Romero
Published: July 2018

It is necessary to recognize the child as an active moral subject in making decision process related to his health or his participation in research. The taking of informed consent as a communication process should tend to respect the autonomy and dignity of the child considered mature or not, taking their decisions seriously and not just an assent as a normative principle of mere legal aspect. It describes theoretical elements that can be used as tools to have an approach to the moral development of the child from the principle of responsibility according to the degree of emancipation. The objective is to provide a description of the most relevant aspects about the informed consent process in the mature child and their right to be informed to agree or consent. We searched the databases such as: PROQUEST, MEDLINE, LILACS and PUBMED, analyzing 51 articles. For the organization of the information, the SLIDING methodology was used: sort, label, integrate and prioritize. It was concluded that the ability to assent of the child considered mature or not should be evaluated under objective parameters and not simply under the perception of the doctor or researcher. Finally, it is necessary to design strategies to promote the autonomy, respect and dignity of the child based on the same practices at the time of informed consent.
Factors Influencing the Implementation of Activity-Based Costing: A Study on Malaysian SMEs
Authors: Nair Sudhashini , Tan Xin
Published: July 2018

Literature has indicated that factors such as--the external environment, cost saving mechanisms, user attitude and company size--may have an effect on the implementation of activity-based costing (ABC). Furthermore, literature has revealed that there is still lack of research on the effect of these factors on the implementation of ABC among small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia. As such the aim of this research is to test the relationships of these factors on the implementation of ABC among SMEs in Malaysia with the aim of contributing to existing research on the ABC system in the area of management accounting. A total of 200 respondents participated in this research. The results of the study revealed that all four factors; the external environment, cost saving mechanisms, user attitude and company size have significant relationships with the implementation of ABC among SMEs in Malaysia.
Relationships between Interpersonal Trust and Knowledge Sharing in Workplace: The Mediational Role of Prosocial Motives
Authors: Ding Weixu , Choi Eugene , Aoyama Atsushi
Published: July 2018

This study is different from the usual cases that testing the intuitive factor as rewarding that affects the employees’ knowledge sharing. In this study, the focus shifts to concentrating on the emotional factors such as interpersonal trust and the prosocial motives. Empirical methods are used to test the hypotheses, and the results show that interpersonal trust affects employees’ knowledge sharing significantly. Moreover, the prosocial motives have been evidenced that it moderately mediates the relationship between interpersonal trust and knowledge sharing. This study has well evidenced all the hypotheses and gives suggestions for the future research at the end.
Validity of Altman Z-Score Model to Predict Financial Failure: Evidence From Jordan
Authors: Al-Manaseer Sufian , Al-Oshaibat Suleiman
Published: July 2018

This paper aims to investigate the Validity of Altman z-score model to predict financial failure in insurance companies listed on Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) over the period 2011-2016. To achieve the goal of the study, the study depended on the different statistics analytical method and Multiple Linear Regression through doing the statistical analysis of the independent variables on the dependent variable related to the subject of the study through the (E-views) program in order to cover the analytical part of the study, in addition to the descriptive method through relying on books, periodicals, previous studies and financial reports of the insurance companies of the study’ sample, whether the direct or the indirect ones, to cover the theoretical part. The result of the study finds a high predictive power for Z-score model. Moreover, the findings reveal that Z-Score model could be valuable instrumental indicators for many users of financial statement such as financial managers, auditors, lenders, investors, to make right decisions in the face of financial failure.
De Unierechtelijke evenredigheidstoets bij het verlies van het Nederlanderschap: drie gevallen nader toegelicht
Authors: Bex-Reimert V.M. , Karapetian G. , de Mik S.M.
Published: July 2018

Sinds het befaamde arrest Rottmann van het Hof van Justitie dient een Unierechtelijke evenredigheidstoets te worden uitgevoerd indien intrekking van Nederlanderschap gepaard gaat met verlies van het Unieburgerschap.HvJ 2 maart 2010, zaak C-315/08, Janko Rottmann/Freistaat Bayern, ECLI:EU:C:2010:104. Deze bijdrage bespreekt de betekenis van deze toets in drie uiteenlopende gevallen, variërend van het uittreden van het Verenigd Koninkrijk uit de Europese Unie tot een verondersteld nationaal veiligheidsbelang. De vraag die zich voordoet, is hoe een Unierechtelijke evenredigheidstoets wordt uitgevoerd en wat de invloed is van de Unierechtelijke evenredigheidstoets op deze gevallen.

Rijkswet van 10 februari, houdende wijziging van de Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap in verband met het intrekken van het Nederlanderschap in het belang van de nationale veiligheid, Stb 2017, 52;

ABRvS 19 april 2017, ECLI:NL:RVS:2017:1098;

Draft Agreement on the withdrawal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community, 19 maart 2018, TF50 (2018) 35