bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On an improved sub-regional water resources management representation for integration into earth system models
Authors: Voisin N. , Li H. , Ward D. , Huang M. , Wigmosta M. , Leung L. R.
Published: September 2013

Abstract. Human influence on the hydrologic cycle includes regulation and storage, consumptive use and overall redistribution of water resources in space and time. Representing these processes is essential for applications of earth system models in hydrologic and climate predictions, as well as impact studies at regional to global scales. Emerging large-scale research reservoir models use generic operating rules that are flexible for coupling with earth system models. Those generic operating rules have been successful in reproducing the overall regulated flow at large basin scales. This study investigates the uncertainties of the reservoir models from different implementations of the generic operating rules using the complex multi-objective Columbia River Regulation System in northwestern United States as an example to understand their effects on not only regulated flow but also reservoir storage and fraction of the demand that is met. Numerical experiments are designed to test new generic operating rules that combine storage and releases targets for multi-purpose reservoirs and to compare the use of reservoir usage priorities and predictors (withdrawals vs. consumptive demands, as well as natural vs. regulated mean flow) for configuring operating rules. Overall the best performing implementation is with combined priorities rules (flood control storage targets and irrigation release targets) set up with mean annual natural flow and mean monthly withdrawals. The options of not accounting for groundwater withdrawals, or on the contrary, of assuming that all remaining demand is met through groundwater extractions, are discussed.
Teleconnection analysis of runoff and soil moisture over the Pearl River basin in South China
Authors: Niu J. , Chen J. , Sivakumar B.
Published: September 2013

Abstract. This study explores the teleconnection of two climatic patterns, namely the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), with hydrological processes over the Pearl River basin in South China. The Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model is used to simulate the daily hydrological processes over the basin for the study period 1952–2000, and then, using the simulation results, the time series of the monthly runoff and soil moisture anomalies for its ten sub-basins are aggregated. Wavelet analysis is performed to explore the variability properties of these time series at 49 timescales ranging from 2 months to 9 yr. Use of wavelet coherence and rank correlation method reveals that the dominant variabilities of the time series of runoff and soil moisture are basically correlated with IOD. The influences of ENSO on the terrestrial hydrological processes are mainly found in the eastern sub-basins. The teleconnections between climatic patterns and hydrological variability also serve as a reference basis for inferences on the occurrence of extreme hydrological events (e.g. floods and droughts).
Ice volume estimates for the Himalaya–Karakoram region: evaluating different methods
Authors: Frey H. , Machguth H. , Huss M. , Huggel C. , Bajracharya S. , Bolch T. , Kulkarni A. , Linsbauer A. , Salzmann N. , Stoffel M.
Published: September 2013

Abstract. Ice volume estimates are crucial for assessing water reserves stored in glaciers. A variety of different methodologies exist but there is a lack of systematic comparative analysis thereof. Due to its large glacier coverage, such estimates are of particular interest for the Himalayan-Karakoram (HK) region. Here, three volume–area (V–A) relations, a slope-dependent estimation method, and two ice-thickness distribution models are applied to a complete glacier inventory of the HK region. An uncertainty and sensitivity assessment is performed to investigate the influence of the input glacier areas, and model approaches and parameters on the resulting total ice volumes. Results of the two ice-thickness distribution models are validated with local ice-thickness measurements at six glaciers. The resulting ice volumes for the entire HK region range from 2955 km3 to 6455 km3, depending on the approach. Results from the ice thickness distribution models and the slope-dependent thickness estimations agree well with measured local ice thicknesses while V–A relations show stronger deviations. The study provides evidence on the significant effect of the selected method on results and underlines the importance of a careful and critical evaluation. More ice-thickness measurements are needed to improve models and results in the future.
GAGs and GAGs Diseases: When Pathophysiology Supports the Clinic
Authors: Costantini Elisabetta , Lazzeri Massimo , Porena Massimo
Published: September 2013

The urinary epithelium has been the subject of considerable interest and much research in recent years. What has radically changed in the last decade is the concept of what the bladder epithelium really is. It is currently no longer considered just a simple barrier and a non-specific defence against infections, and it has been recognized as a specialized tissue regulating complex bladder functions and playing a fundamental and active role in the pathogenesis of cystitis. Researchers have been focussing on the receptors and mediators that are active in the sub-epithelial layer, with the hope that understanding the role of the urothelium defect will offer the opportunity for new therapeutic strategies. On the surface of the urothelial umbrella-cells there is a thick layer of glycoproteins and proteoglycans, which together are called Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). They constitute a hydrophilic mucosal coating and act as a barrier against solutes found in urine. In recent years they have received special attention because injury to Gags, due to different noxae, has been identified as the first step in the genesis of chronic inflammatory bladder diseases, such as recurrent urinary tract infections, chemical or radiation cystitis, interstitial cystitis and/or Bladder Pain Syndrome. Aim of this study is to define the importance of the urothelium starting from the anatomy and physiology of the bladder wall. Furthermore, we will underline the role of glycosaminoglycans, focusing both on their pathophysiological role in the principal bladder diseases and on the therapeutic aspects from the clinical point of view.
Foreigners in the Ancient Near East
Authors: Beckman Gary
Published: September 2013

A survey of diverse aspects of the reception, attitudes toward, and activities of foreigners in the major cuneiform cultures of the third through first millennia B.C.E. While outsiders could play important roles in their new environments, they were generally soon assimilated into their host societies without effecting significant changes in them. Only toward the close of this period did the arrival of large groups of invaders convinced of the superiority of their own cultures, such as Persians and Greco-Macedonians, radically alter the age-old civilizations of Mesopotamia, Syria, and Anatolia.
Jinshin Rebellion and the Politics of Historical Narrative in Early Japan
Authors: Duthie Torquil
Published: September 2013

This article examines the historical representation of the Jinshin Rebellion as a foundational event in the Nihon shoki and other eighth-century Japanese texts. Focusing on the differences between two alternative stories of Tenmu’s departure from the Ōmi capital to Yoshino, I argue that the Nihon shoki contains traces of several competing historical narratives that are the expression of a historical process: the political struggles over the historical record and the representation of Tenmu’s legitimacy in the early eighth century when the Nihon shoki was being compiled.
Die Venustafeln des Ammī-ṣaduqa und ihre Bedeutung für die astronomische Datierung der altbabylonischen Zeit. By Joachim Mebert
Authors: Jong Teije de
Published: September 2013

Die Venustafeln des Ammī-ṣaduqa und ihre Bedeutung für die astronomische Datierung der altbabylonischen Zeit. By Joachim Mebert. Archiv für Orientforschung, Beiheft 31. Vienna: Institut für Orientalistik der Universität Wien, 2010. Pp. 179 (paper).
In the Path of the Moon: Babylonian Celestial Divination and Its Legacy. By Francesca Rochberg
Authors: Montelle Clemency
Published: September 2013

In the Path of the Moon: Babylonian Celestial Divination and Its Legacy. By Francesca Rochberg. Studies in Ancient Magic and Divination, vol. 6. Leiden: Brill, 2010. Pp. xxii + 445, frontispiece. $216.
Donkeys in the Biblical World: Ceremony and Symbol. By Kenneth C. Way
Authors: Borowski Oded
Published: September 2013

Donkeys in the Biblical World: Ceremony and Symbol. By Kenneth C. Way. History, Archaeology, and Culture of the Levant, vol. 2. Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns, 2011. Pp. xvi + 272, maps. $49.50.
Revelation and Falsification: The Kitāb al-qirāʾāt of Aḥmad b. Muḥammad al-Sayyārī. Edited by Etan Kohlberg and Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi
Authors: Lawson Todd
Published: September 2013

Revelation and Falsification: The Kitāb al-qirāʾāt of Aḥmad b. Muḥammad al-Sayyārī. Edited by Etan Kohlberg and Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi. Texts and Studies on the Qurʾān, vol. 4. Leiden: Brill, 2009. Pp. viii + 363 + 201 (Arabic). $259.
Muslim Expansion and Byzantine Collapse in North Africa. By Walter E. Kaegi
Authors: Merrills A. H.
Published: September 2013

Muslim Expansion and Byzantine Collapse in North Africa. By Walter E. Kaegi. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Pp. xx + 345, illus. $99.
Stone and Dung, Oil and Spit: Jewish Daily Life in the Time of Jesus. By Jodi Magness
Authors: Matthews Victor H.
Published: September 2013

Stone and Dung, Oil and Spit: Jewish Daily Life in the Time of Jesus. By Jodi Magness. Grand Rapids, Mich.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2011. Pp. xv + 335, illus. $25 (paper).
Human Papillomavirus Vaccination by Birth Fiscal Year in Japan
Authors: Yagi Asami , Ueda Yutaka , Oka Emiko , Nakagawa Satoshi , Kimura Tadashi
Published: July 2024

Importance

The Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare (MHLW) of Japan aggregates human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination data across Japan for each fiscal year (FY) by age at vaccination. Birth FY (BFY)–specific vaccination coverage remains unknown.

Objective

To calculate the BFY-specific vaccination coverage for each FY and the cumulative first-dose coverage for each BFY in Japan, to understand the generation-specific vaccination coverage, and to estimate the cumulative first-dose coverage of each BFY that would be achieved by FY 2028 vs World Health Organization (WHO) targets.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this cross-sectional study, MHLW-published national age-specific HPV vaccination numbers and demographic data for female individuals were used to calculate the BFY-specific first-dose coverage for each FY and the BFY-specific cumulative first-dose coverage. It was assumed that the BFYs 2007 to 2012 vaccination coverage in FY 2023 to 2028 would remain the same as the vaccination coverage of the same grade in FY 2022 to estimate the cumulative first-dose coverage that would be achieved by FY 2028. Data analysis was performed from December 2023 to January 2024.

Exposure

Two MHLW policy changes were the government’s suspension of proactive recommendation for HPV vaccination in June 2013 and the government’s resumption of proactive recommendation for HPV vaccination in April 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was generation-specific vaccination coverage among female individuals born in BFYs 1994 to 2010 in FYs 2010 to 2022, calculated using reconfigured published data.

Results

In this study of vaccination data for 9 414 620 female individuals, the generation-specific vaccination coverage was 71.96% for the vaccination generation (BFYs 1994-1999), 4.62% for the vaccine-suspension generation (BFYs 2000-2003), 16.16% for the generation that received information individually (BFYs 2004-2009), and 2.83% for the vaccine-resumed generation (BFY 2010). HPV routine vaccination coverage was extremely low in BFYs 2000 to 2010 (0.84%-25.21%) vs BFYs 1994 to 1999 (53.31%-79.47%). The cumulative first-dose coverage that was estimated to be achieved in the vaccine-resumed generation by FY 2028 plateaued at 43.16%.

Conclusions and Relevance

Even after the resumption of MHLW’s proactive recommendations, HPV vaccination coverage has only minimally recovered in Japan. The cumulative first-dose coverage that was estimated to be achieved in the vaccine-resumed generation by FY 2028 is below the WHO target. These findings reveal that stronger cervical cancer control measures are required, particularly for the vaccine-resumed generation, which will plateau at approximately one-half the WHO target values.
In search of “Asian perspectives” in the field of adult education: From Asian perspectives to deimperialization
Authors: Kuk Hye‐Su
Published: July 2024

What constitutes an “Asian perspective” in the field of adult education? Through a literature review of journal articles from 1990 to 2023 on adult education in the geographical category of Asia, I analyzed how these discussions connect to an Asian perspective. I identified five approaches through which Asian voices have been articulated in the literature: (1) distinct and shared cultural traditions, (2) ambiguities in Asian diaspora transitions, (3) local and/or historical practices applying the lens of Western or external theories, (4) local and/or historical experiences with a focus on practice, and (5) Indigenous/independent theorizing. In addition to a need to de‐reify theory by contextualizing processes of theorizing, I argue for deimperialization in the field of adult education—a need to interrogate imperial imaginaries that persist in education theorizing and practices across Asian regions and making the category of “Asians” fluid by historicizing relations of power such as colonialism, imperialism, and neoliberal capitalism.
Optimal installation of DG in radial distribution network using arithmetic optimization algorithm
Authors: Dey Indrajit , Roy Provas Kumar
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this work is an arrangement of distributed generation (DG) in radial distribution networks (RDNs) in an adequate way. An efficient method, named arithmetic optimization algorithm (AOA) is used for that purpose. The intention for effective DG posting is to decrease the power loss and upgrade the voltage shape and voltage steadiness magnification in RDNs. The demonstration of the suggested AOA method has been made on 33‐bus, 69‐bus, 85‐bus, and 118‐bus RDNs for optimum orientation and capacity of DGs with distinct power factors (unity, fixed, and optimal). By using this projected technique, the execution of RDNs is improved with respect to voltage stability maximization, voltage fluctuation mitigation, and also reduction of real power loss. The AOA method which is recommended here, grants a better solution than several optimization techniques found in the literature. This recommended AOA technique provides the percentage improvement of power loss for case 1 to case 3 (65.50%, 86.48%, and 94.43%), (69.16%, 90.80%, and 98.10%), (44.57%, 66.61%, and 80.26%), and (60.34%, 88.80%, and 90.31%) for 33, 69, 85, and 118‐bus systems, respectively. The percentage improvement in voltage deviation minimization for case 1 to case 3 are (99.53%, 99.83%, and 99.84%), (99.88%, 99.91%, and 99.92%), and (97.53%, 98.98%, and 99.16%) for 33, 69, and 118‐bus systems, respectively. For different test systems (33, 69, and 118‐bus) improvements in voltage stability index maximization for case 1 to case 3 are (31.33%, 31.80%, and 31.81%), (30.15%, 31.25%, and 31.25%), and (37.78%, 39.23%, and 40.88%), respectively.
Integrated Electromechanical Structure for Iontronic Pressure Sensors with Linear High‐Sensitivity Response and Robust Sensing Stability
Authors: Zhu Bolin , Guo Junwei , Li Wendong , Luo Tian , Lei Fan , Li Guangxian , Yang Junlong
Published: July 2024

A linear high‐sensitivity response is crucial for flexible electronic skin, particularly in precision detection for applications like intelligent robotics and human‐machine interactions. Prevailing strategies typically adopt a layered, multifaceted material design to cultivate this response, yet this approach often culminates in a diminished capacity to augment sensing stability. The root causes of these limitations are predominantly material mechanical mismatches and interface incompatibilities inherent in these designs. To address these challenges, an electromechanical integration strategy is introduced that simultaneously enhances linear highsensitivity and stability. This strategy is centered on constructing a robust, integrated mechanical and electrical interface within a polyurethane material system through an in situ growth and adhesion process. The iontronic pressure sensor exhibits a linear high‐sensitivity response (16.24 kPa−1, R2 = 0.999) within a wide range (0–300 kPa). Moreover, the sensor's integrated structure, self‐encapsulated through the adhesion between the electrode and dielectric layers, exhibits robust stability, even under complex mechanical stresses. The applications of the sensors in precision weighing and haptic feedback within intelligent gripping systems demonstrate their advantages of both linearity and stable sensing. This work delineates a strategic pathway for the fabrication of high‐performance flexible pressure sensors, contributing significantly to the field of advanced sensing technologies.
Design and Fabrication of Nano‐Particles with Customized Properties using Self‐Assembly of Block‐Copolymers
Authors: Huang Changhang , Bai Kechun , Zhu Yanyan , Andelman David , Man Xingkun
Published: July 2024

Functional nanoparticles (NPs) have gained significant attention as promising applications in various fields, including sensor, smart coating, drug delivery, and more. Here, a novel mechanism assisted by machine‐learning workflow is proposed to accurately predict phase diagram of NPs, which elegantly achieves tunability of shapes and internal structures of NPs using self‐assembly of block‐copolymers (BCP). Unlike most of previous studies, onion‐like and mesoporous NPs in neutral environment and hamburger‐like NPs in selective environment are obtained. Such novel phenomena are obtained only by tailoring the topology of a miktoarm star BCP chain architecture without the need for any further treatment. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the BCP chain architecture can be used as a new strategy for tuning the lamellar asymmetry of NPs. It is shown that the asymmetry between A and B lamellae in striped ellipsoidal and onion‐like particles increases as the volume fraction of the A‐block increases, beyond the level reached by linear BCPs. In addition, an extended region of onion‐like structure is found in the phase diagram of A‐selective environment, as well as the emergence of an inverse onion‐like structure in the B‐selective one. The findings provide a valuable insight into the design and fabrication of nanoscale materials with customized properties, opening up new possibilities for advanced applications in sensing, materials science, and beyond.
Strong Interaction between Molybdenum Compounds and Mesoporous CMK‐5 Supports Boosts Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Liu Bin , Zhu Yunting , Sha Simiao , Ge Riyue , Cheng Chi , Yin Jie , Huang Zhengren , Dai Liming , Li Sean , Li Wenxian
Published: July 2024

Strong metal‐support interaction (SMSI) between transition metal nanoparticles and carbon matrix offers significant structure advantages due to the ability to modulate the electronic structure of metal nanoparticles, increase the density of active sites, and improve the conductivity of catalysts. Here, ultrafine nanoparticles of metallic molybdenum compounds (MoP, Mo2C, and MoS2) strongly coupled with mesoporous carbon CMK‐5 are synthesized. The confinement growth of nanoparticles in the pores of CMK‐5 produces encapsulated nanoparticles, affording facilitated electron transfer, and enhancing the HER activity induced by the SMSI effect. The hierarchical nanostructure and strong electronic interactions between the carbon substrate and molybdenum‐based nanoparticles allow efficient mass/electron transport between the carbon substrate and molybdenum‐based nanoparticles, improving the catalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity. The effective electron exchange between the Mo species and the CMK‐5 support is studied by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurement, confirming the presence of the SMSI effect. The resulting MoP/CMK‐5 catalyst exhibits outstanding HER performance in alkaline (65 mV@10 mA cm−2), acidic (123 mV@10 mA cm−2), and simulated seawater electrolytes (103 mV@10 mA cm−2), making it one of the most promising catalysts reported for HER. This work provides guidance on designing high‐performance electrocatalysts with SMSI for the enhancement of the electrochemical reaction.
Photothermal Iron‐Based Riboflavin Microneedles for the Treatment of Bacterial Keratitis via Ion Therapy and Immunomodulation
Authors: Zhou Jun , Zhang Lisha , Wei Yaqi , Wu Qiang , Mao Kaibo , Wang Xiaoli , Cai Jinfeng , Li Xia , Jiang Yongxiang
Published: July 2024

Bacterial biofilm formation protects bacteria from antibiotics and the immune system, excessive inflammation further complicates treatment. Here, iron‐based metal–organic framework (MIL‐101)‐loaded riboflavin nanoparticles are designed for the therapeutic challenge of biofilm infection and hyperinflammation in bacterial keratitis. Specifically, MIL‐101 produces a thermal effect under exogenous near‐infrared light irradiation, which synergizes with ferroptosis‐like bacterial death induced by iron ions to exert an effective biofilm infection eradication effect. On the other hand, the disintegration of MIL‐101 sustains the release of riboflavin, which inhibits the pro‐inflammatory response of macrophage over‐activation by modulating their phenotypic switch. In addition, to solve the problems of short residence time, poor permeability, and low bioavailability of corneal medication, the MR@MN microneedle patch is further prepared by loading nanoparticles into SilMA hydrogel, which ultimately achieves painless, transepithelial, and highly efficient drug delivery. In vivo and ex vivo experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach in eliminating bacterial infection and promoting corneal healing. Therefore, the MRMN patch, acting as an ocular drug delivery system with the ability of rapid corneal healing, promises a cost‐effective solution for the treatment of bacterial keratitis, which may also lead to a new approach for treating bacterial keratitis in clinics.
Bioengineered Silk Protein‐Based 3D In Vitro Models for Tissue Engineering and Drug Development: From Silk Matrix Properties to Biomedical Applications
Authors: Shuai Yajun , Zheng Meidan , Kundu Subhas C. , Mao Chuanbin , Yang Mingying
Published: July 2024

3D in vitro model has emerged as a valuable tool for studying tissue development, drug screening, and disease modeling. 3D systems can accurately replicate tissue microstructures and physiological features, mirroring the in vivo microenvironment departing from conventional 2D cell cultures. Various 3D in vitro models utilizing biomacromolecules like collagen and synthetic polymers have been developed to meet diverse research needs and address the complex challenges of contemporary research. Silk proteins, bearing structural and functional similarities to collagen, have been increasingly employed to construct advanced 3D in vitro systems, surpassing the limitations of 2D cultures. This review examines silk proteins' composition, structure, properties, and functions, elucidating their role in 3D in vitro models. Furthermore, recent advances in biomedical applications involving silk‐based organoid models are discussed. In particular, the unique physiological attributes of silk matrix constituents in in vitro tissue constructs are highlighted, providing a meticulous evaluation of their importance. Additionally, it outlines the current research hurdles and complexities while contemplating future avenues, thereby paving the way for developing complex and biomimetic silk protein‐based microtissues.
Enhanced Tissue Regeneration Through Immunomodulatory Extracellular Vesicles Encapsulated in Diversified Silk‐Based Injectable Hydrogels
Authors: Sun Liangyan , Xiao Menglin , Chen Ling , Ni Lingyue , Chen Xiaoxuan , Zhang Lina , Yao Jinrong , Shao Zhengzhong , Zhao Bingjiao , Chen Xin , Liu Yuehua
Published: July 2024

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) immunologically trained using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) display enhanced immunomodulatory capabilities. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from MSCs are widely used in regenerative medicine owing to their bioactive properties without the drawbacks of cell therapy. However, it remains unclear whether EVs derived from LPS‐stimulated (trained) MSCs (L‐EVs) inherit the enhanced reparative potential from their parent cells. Thus, this study first aims to explore the effect of immunological training on the bioactivity of L‐EVs. LPS‐trained bone marrow‐derived MSCs (BMSCs) secrete more EVs, and these EVs significantly promote M2 macrophage polarization. Subsequently, hydrogel systems based on thixotropic injectable silk fibroin are prepared for in vivo EV delivery. These hydrogels have controllable gelation time and exhibit outstanding reparative effects on rat skin wounds and alveolar bone defects. Finally, it is revealed that L‐EVs promote M2 macrophage polarization by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of PKM2. Overall, this study shows that the immunological training of BMSCs effectively improves the therapeutic effects of their EVs and provides a convenient and diversified EV delivery strategy using an injectable silk fibroin hydrogel. This strategy has broad clinical application prospects for tissue regeneration.
Adhesion‐Controlled Heterogeneous Nucleation of Tin Halide Perovskites for Eco‐Friendly Indoor Photovoltaics
Authors: Gao Zhen , Wang Junfang , Xiao Hongbin , Abdel‐Shakour Muhammad , Liu Tianhua , Zhang Shiwei , Huang Junjie , Xue Ding‐Jiang , Yang Shihe , Meng Xiangyue
Published: July 2024

The rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) has accelerated the advancement of indoor photovoltaics (IPVs) that directly power wireless IoT devices. The interest in lead‐free perovskites for IPVs stems from their similar optoelectronic properties to high‐performance lead halide perovskites, but without concerns about toxic lead leakage in indoor environments. However, currently prevalent lead‐free perovskite IPVs, especially tin halide perovskites (THPs), still exhibit inferior performance, arising from their uncontrollable crystallization. Here, a novel adhesive bonding strategy is proposed for precisely regulating heterogeneous nucleation kinetics of THPs by introducing alkali metal fluorides. These ionic adhesives boost the work of adhesion at the buried interface between substrates and perovskite film, subsequently reducing the contact angle and energy barrier for heterogeneous nucleation, resulting in high‐quality THP films. The resulting THP solar cells achieve an efficiency of 20.12% under indoor illumination at 1000 lux, exceeding all types of lead‐free perovskite IPVs and successfully powering radio frequency identification‐based sensors.
In‐Sublattice Carrier Transition Enabled Polarimetric Photodetectors with Reconfigurable Polarity Transition
Authors: Li Dongyan , Li Zexin , Sun Yan , Zhou Jian , Xu Xiang , Wang Haoyun , Chen Yunxin , Song Xingyu , Liu Pengbin , Luo Zhengtang , Han Su‐Ting , Zhou Xing , Zhai Tianyou
Published: July 2024

Miniaturized polarimetric photodetectors based on anisotropic two‐dimensional materials attract potential applications in ultra‐compact polarimeters. However, these photodetectors are hindered by the small polarization ratio values and complicated artificial structures. Here, a novel polarization photodetector based on in‐sublattice carrier transition in the CdSb2Se3Br2/WSe2 heterostructure, with a giant and reconfigurable PR value, is demonstrated. The unique periodic sublattice structure of CdSb2Se3Br2 features an in‐sublattice carrier transition preferred along Sb2Se3 chains. Leveraging on the in‐sublattice carrier transition in the CdSb2Se3Br2/WSe2 heterostructure, gate voltage has an anisotropic modulation effect on the band alignment of heterostructure along sublattice. Consequently, the heterostructure exhibits a polarization‐tunable photo‐induced threshold voltage shift, which provides reconfigurable PR values from positive (unipolar regime) to negative (bipolar regime), covering all possible numbers (1→+∞/−∞→−1). Using this anisotropic photovoltaic effect, gate‐tunable polarimetric imaging is successfully implemented. This work provides a new platform for developing next‐generation highly polarimetric optoelectronics.
Bioinspired Artificial Visual‐Respiratory Synapse as Multimodal Scene Recognition System with Oxidized‐Vacancies MXene
Authors: Tan Dongchen , Zhang Zhaorui , Shi Haohao , Sun Nan , Li Qikun , Bi Sheng , Huang Jijie , Liu Yiheng , Guo Qinglei , Jiang Chengming
Published: July 2024

In the pursuit of artificial neural systems, the integration of multimodal plasticity, memory retention, and perceptual functions stands as a paramount objective in achieving neuromorphic perceptual components inspired by the human brain, to emulating the neurological excitability tuning observed in human visual and respiratory collaborations. Here, an artificial visual‐respiratory synapse is presented with monolayer oxidized MXene (VRSOM) exhibiting synergistic light and atmospheric plasticity. The VRSOM enables to realize facile modulation of synaptic behaviors, encompassing postsynaptic current, sustained photoconductivity, stable facilitation/depression properties, and “learning‐experience” behavior. These performances rely on the privileged photocarrier trapping characteristics and the hydroxyl‐preferential selectivity inherent of oxidized vacancies. Moreover, environment recognitions and multimodal neural network image identifications are achieved through multisensory integration, underscoring the potential of the VRSOM in reproducing human‐like perceptual attributes. The VRSOM platform holds significant promise for hardware output of human‐like mixed‐modal interactions and paves the way for perceiving multisensory neural behaviors in artificial interactive devices.
One‐Pot Synthesis of 3‐Hydroxy‐1H‐Pyrrolo[3,4‐b]quinolin‐1‐one via Enaminamides
Authors: Shen Xi , Yu Zhi‐Cheng , Zhou You , Wu Yan‐Dong , Wu An‐Xin
Published: July 2024

A multicomponent cascade cyclization reaction using aryl methyl ketones, aryl amines, and enaminamide reagents to construct 3‐hydroxy‐1H‐pyrrolo[3,4‐b]quinolin‐1‐one skeleton with good substrate compatibility (50 examples) has been reported. The one‐pot, metal‐free process formed two C−C bonds, two C−N bonds, and a tetrasubstituted carbon stereocenter containing a hydroxyl group. The reaction enabled modified transformation of drug molecules and derivatization of products.
Multi‐Surface Adhesion Luminescent Solar Concentrators for Supply‐Less IoT
Authors: Figueiredo Gonçalo , Correia Sandra F. H. , Falcão Bruno P. , Sencadas Vitor , Fu Lianshe , André Paulo S. , Ferreira Rute A. S.
Published: July 2024

The growing prevalence of Internet of Things (IoT) devices hinges on resolving the challenge of powering sensors and transmitters. Addressing this, supply‐less IoT devices are gaining traction by integrating energy harvesters. This study introduces a temperature sensor devoid of external power sources, achieved through a novel luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) device based on a stretchable, adhesive elastomer. Leveraging a lanthanide‐doped styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene matrix, the LSC yielded 0.09% device efficiency. The resultant temperature sensor exhibits a thermal sensitivity of 2.1%°C−1 and a 0.06 °C temperature uncertainty, autonomously transmitting real‐time data to a server for user visualization via smartphones. Additionally, the integration of LED‐based lighting enables functionality in low‐light conditions, ensuring 24 h cycle operation and the possibility of having four distinct thermometric parameters without changing the device configuration, stating remarkable robustness and reliability of the system.
Mitochondria‐Targeted Multifunctional Nanoparticles Combine Cuproptosis and Programmed Cell Death‐1 Downregulation for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Li Youyou , Liu Jing , Weichselbaum Ralph R. , Lin Wenbin
Published: July 2024

The combination of cuproptosis and immune checkpoint inhibition has shown promise in treating malignant tumors. However, it remains a challenge to deliver copper ions and immune checkpoint inhibitors efficiently and simultaneously to tumors. Herein, a mitochondria‐targeted nanoscale coordination polymer particle, Cu/TI, comprising Cu(II), and a triphenylphosphonium conjugate of 5‐carboxy‐8‐hydroxyquinoline (TI), for effective cuproptosis induction and programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐L1) downregulation is reported. Upon systemic administration, Cu/TI efficiently accumulates in tumor tissues to induce immunogenic cancer cell death and reduce PD‐L1 expression. Consequently, Cu/TI promotes the intratumoral infiltration and activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes to greatly inhibit tumor progression of colorectal carcinoma and triple‐negative breast cancer in mouse models without causing obvious side effects.
Inner/Outer Side Chain Engineering of Non‐Fullerene Acceptors for Efficient Large‐Area Organic Solar Modules Based on Non‐Halogenated Solution Processing in Air
Authors: Zahra Sabeen , Lee Seungjin , Jahankhan Muhammad , Haris Muhammad , Ryu Du Hyeon , Kim Bumjoon J. , Song Chang Eun , Lee Hang Ken , Lee Sang Kyu , Shin Won Suk
Published: July 2024

Achieving efficient and large‐area organic solar modules via non‐halogenated solution processing is vital for the commercialization yet challenging. The primary hurdle is the conservation of the ideal film‐formation kinetics and bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) morphology of large‐area organic solar cells (OSCs). A cutting‐edge non‐fullerene acceptor (NFA), Y6, shows efficient power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) when processed with toxic halogenated solvents, but exhibits poor solubility in non‐halogenated solvents, resulting in suboptimal morphology. Therefore, in this study, the impact of modifying the inner and outer side‐chains of Y6 on OSC performance is investigated. The study reveals that blending a polymer donor, PM6, with one of the modified NFAs, namely N‐HD, achieved an impressive PCE of 18.3% on a small‐area OSC. This modified NFA displays improved solubility ino‐xylene at room temperature, which facilitated the formation of a favorable BHJ morphology. A large‐area (55 cm2) sub‐module delivered an impressive PCE of 12.2% based on N‐HD usingo‐xylene under ambient conditions. These findings underscore the significant impact of the modified Y6 derivatives on structural arrangements and film processing over a large‐area module at room temperature. Consequently, these results are poised to deepen the comprehension of the scaling challenges encountered in OSCs and may contribute to their commercialization.
Effects of anther‐stigma position on cross‐pollination efficiency in a hermaphroditic plant
Authors: Baranzelli Matias C. , Ochoa‐Sánchez Manuel , Ramos Sergio E. , Baena‐Díaz Fernanda , Sosenski Paula , Boege Karina , Domínguez Cesar A. , Fornoni Juan
Published: July 2024

Premise

Evolution of cross‐pollination efficiency depends on the genetic variation of flower traits, the pollen vector, and flower trait matching between pollen donors and recipients. Trait matching has been almost unexplored among nonheterostylous species, and we examined whether the match of anther length in pollen donors and stigma length in pollen recipients influences the efficiency of cross‐pollination. To explore potential constraints for evolutionary response, we also quantified genetic variation and covariation among sepal length, petal length and width, stamen length, style length, and herkogamy.

Methods

We created 58 experimental arrays of Turnera velutina that varied in the extent of mismatch in the position of anthers and stigmas between single‐flowered plants. Genetic variation and correlations among flower traits were estimated under greenhouse conditions.

Results

Style length, but not herkogamy, influenced the efficiency of cross‐pollination. Plants with stamen length that matched the style length of other plants were more efficient pollen donors, whereas those with the style protruding above the stamens of other plants were more efficient pollen recipients. Significant broad‐sense heritability (0.22 > hB2 < 0.42) and moderate genetic correlations (0.33 > r < 0.85) among floral traits were detected.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrated that anther‐stigma mismatch between flowers contributed to variation in the efficiency of cross‐pollination. The genetic correlations between stamen length and other floral traits suggests that any change in cross‐pollination efficiency would be driven by changes in style rather than in stamen length.
Scalable Production of 2D Non‐Layered Metal Oxides through Metal–Organic Gel Rapid Redox Transformation
Authors: Liu Zhiyuan , Wang Dong , Yang Huazeng , Feng Liu , Xu Xin , Si Weimeng , Hou Yongzhao , Wen Guangwu , Zhang Rui , Qiu Jieshan
Published: July 2024

Two‐dimensional (2D) nonlayered metal compounds with porous structure show broad application prospects in electrochemistry‐related fields due to their abundant active sites, open ions/electrons diffusion channels, and faradaic reactions. However, scalable and universal synthesis of 2D porous compounds still remains challenging. Here, inspired by blowing gum, a metal‐organic gel (MOG) rapid redox transformation (MRRT) strategy is proposed for the mass production of a wide variety of 2D porous metal oxides. Adequate crosslinking degree of MOG precursor and its rapid redox with NO3− are critical for generating gas pressure from interior to exterior, thus blowing the MOG into 2D carbon nanosheets, which further act as self‐sacrifice template for formation of oxides with porous and ultrathin structure. The versatility of this strategy is demonstrated by the fabrication of 39 metal oxides, including 10 transition metal oxides, one II‐main group oxide, two III‐main group oxides, 22 perovskite oxides, four high‐entropy oxides. As an illustrative verification, the 2D transition metal oxides exhibit excellent capacitive deionization (CDI) performance. Moreover, the assembled CDI cell could act as desalting battery to supply electrical energy during electrode regeneration. This MRRT strategy offers opportunities for achieving universal synthesis of 2D porous oxides with nonlayered structures and studying their electrochemistry‐related applications.
Self‐Assembled Chiral Polymers Exhibiting Amplified Circularly Polarized Electroluminescence
Authors: Tan Ke‐Ke , Guo Wei‐Chen , Zhao Wen‐Long , Li Meng , Chen Chuan‐Feng
Published: July 2024

Circularly polarized electroluminescence (CPEL) is highly promising in realm of 3D display and optical data storage. However, designing a groundbreaking chiral material with high comprehensive CPEL performance remains a formidable challenge. In this work, a pair of chiral polymers with self‐assembled behavior is designed by integrating a chiral BN‐moiety into polyfluorene backbone, named R‐PBN and S‐PBN, respectively. The chiral polymers show narrowband emission centered at 490 nm with full‐width half maximum (FWHM) of 29 nm and high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 79 %. After thermal annealing treatment, the chiral polymers undergo self‐assembly, exhibiting amplified circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) with asymmetry factor (|glum|) of up to 0.11. Moreover, the solution‐processed nondoped CP‐OLEDs based on the chiral polymers as emitting layers exhibit maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 9.8 %, intense CPEL activities with |gEL| of up to 0.07, and small FWHM of 36 nm, simultaneously. This represents the first case of self‐assembled chiral polymers that combines high EQE, large gEL value and narrowband emission.
Automated screening of precipitation polymerizations and evaluation using image recognition for divinylbenzene and methacrylic acid
Authors: Schuett Timo , Endres Patrick , Kimmig Julian , Lorenz Robert , Köster Yannik , Stumpf Steffi , Zechel Stefan , Schubert Ulrich S.
Published: July 2024

By applying automated high‐throughput experimentation, 63 precipitation polymerizations of divinylbenzene and methacrylic acid were performed with a total of 1638 samples analyzed by gas chromatography (GC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The conversion of each reaction was investigated revealing the best substrate concentrations within the current setup. The GC evaluation was performed automatically via a new custom‐made Python script significantly reducing the time to evaluate the results. Furthermore, the particle growth was monitored by utilizing an innovative image recognition tool to identify particles and their respective sizes using SEM images. Furthermore, a statistical particle size distribution analysis was performed, which is hardly achievable in reasonable time by classical evaluation methods. Using this new procedure, the highest conversion (70%) as well as the largest particles (3700 nm) have been obtained utilizing a high initial monomer (5 vol%) and initiator (5 mol%) concentration. Accordingly, the smallest particles (245 nm) yielded from the lowest starting concentration (1 vol% monomer and 1 mol% initiator).
Physical Strategies for Geometric Control of Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Atomic Layers by Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Tee Jing Yi , John Mark , Fu Wei , Maddumapatabandi Thathsara D. , Bussolotti Fabio , Wong Calvin Pei Yu , Goh Kuan Eng Johnson
Published: July 2024

The diverse morphologies of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDs) motivate their broad potential applications in the next generation of electronic, optical, and catalytic technologies. It is advantageous to develop controllable growth techniques that afford versatility through direct manipulation of the growth parameters. A fundamental understanding of the physical mechanisms driving various growth modes is crucial for achieving the process precision necessary for obtaining reproducible morphologies in 2D TMDs. Thermodynamic and kinetic considerations are two key physical strategies. Thermodynamic strategies mainly involve the manipulation of parameters like temperature and the chemical potential of precursors to ensure the thermostability of various morphologies. Conversely, kinetic strategies, focusing on the factors, like precursor diffusion, adsorption, and desorption during the growth, also enable atomic‐level kinetics control of the resulting morphologies. Often, an interplay of both mechanisms drives the growth of a particular morphology. This review aims to provide an updated guidance for exploiting these physical strategies in the versatile technique of chemical vapor deposition. The opportunities for further exploring the control of these physical mechanisms are discussed through recent examples with an eye on unlocking the untapped potential of 2D TMDs in areas such as phase engineering and shape control for advanced applications.
High baseline perivascular space volume in basal ganglia is associated with attention and executive function decline in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Foreman Ryan Patrick , Donahue Erin Kaye , Duran Jared Joshua , Schiehser Dawn M. , Petkus Andrew , O'Neill Joseph , Holschneider Daniel Phillip , Choupan Jeiran , Van Horn John Darrell , Bayram Ece , Litvan Irene , Jakowec Michael Walter , Petzinger Giselle Maria
Published: July 2024

Background

Pathologic perivascular spaces (PVS), the fluid‐filled compartments surrounding brain vasculature, may underlie cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, whether this impacts specific cognitive domains has not been investigated.

Objectives

This study examined the relationship of PVS volume at baseline with domain‐specific and global cognitive change over 2 years in PD individuals.

Methods

A total of 39 individuals with PD underwent 3T T1w magnetic resonance imaging to determine PVS volume fraction (PVS volume normalized to total regional volume) within (i) centrum semiovale, (ii) prefrontal white matter (medial orbitofrontal, rostral middle frontal, and superior frontal), and (iii) basal ganglia. A neuropsychological battery included assessment of cognitive domains and global cognitive function at baseline and after 2 years.

Results

Higher basal ganglia PVS at baseline was associated with greater decline in attention, executive function, and global cognition scores.

Conclusions

While previous reports have associated elevated PVS volume in the basal ganglia with decline in global cognition in PD, our findings show such decline may affect the attention and executive function domains.
Differences in menopausal quality of life, body appreciation, and body dissatisfaction between women at high and low risk of an eating disorder
Authors: Temple Sophie , Hogervorst Eef , Witcomb Gemma L.
Published: July 2024

Objective

Experiences of menopause and quality of life during menopause can vary extensively among women. While menopause has been associated with negative impacts on eating and body image, it is unclear to what extent quality of life differs by eating disorder risk status. The aim of this study was to explore how menopause symptoms and quality of life differ between those women at high‐ or low‐risk of an eating disorder and the potential protective role of body appreciation.

Method

This cross‐sectional survey study explored differences in menopausal quality of life, body appreciation, and body dissatisfaction among women classified as high‐ or low‐risk of an eating disorder as part of a wider survey on aging, health, and psychological complaints during midlife. Participants were 255 females aged between 40 and 60 years. Participants were classified as high‐risk and low‐risk of an eating disorder based on Eating Attitudes Test‐26 (EAT‐26) scores. Differences between groups on the Menopause‐Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MENQOL), Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ‐16), and Body Appreciation Scale–2 were analyzed. The predictive relationship between menopausal quality of life and body appreciation was also explored.

Results

Participants in the high‐risk group (n = 111) reported significantly poorer menopausal quality of life compared to the low‐risk group (n = 144), scoring significantly higher on the sexual, physical, and psychosocial subscales of the MENQOL. The high‐risk group also had significantly greater body dissatisfaction and less body appreciation than the low‐risk group. Overall, menopausal quality of life was a significant predictor of body appreciation.

Discussion

Women with greater eating disorder risk may be faring less well with menopause. Treating and preventing menopause‐related eating disorders will benefit from interventions aimed at not only reducing body dissatisfaction, but actively bolstering body appreciation and supporting the sexual, physical, and psychosocial aspects of the menopausal transition.