bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Portfolio Construction: A Network Approach
Authors: Ioannidis Evangelos , Sarikeisoglou Iordanis , Angelidis Georgios
Published: November 2023

A key parameter when investing is Time Horizon. One of the biggest mistakes investors make is not aligning the timeline of their goals with their investment portfolio. In other words, time horizons determine the investment portfolio you should construct. We examine which portfolios are the best for long-term investing, short-term investing, and intraday trading. This study presents a novel approach for portfolio construction based on Network Science. We use daily returns of stocks that compose the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) for a 25-year period from 1998 to 2022. Stock networks are estimated from (i) Pearson correlation (undirected linear statistical correlations), as well as (ii) Transfer Entropy (directed non-linear causal relationships). Portfolios are constructed in two main ways: (a) only four stocks are selected, depending on their centrality, with Markowitz investing weights, or (b) all stocks are selected with centrality-based investing weights. Portfolio performance is evaluated in terms of the following indicators: return, risk (total and systematic), and risk-adjusted return (Sharpe ratio and Treynor ratio). Results are compared against two benchmarks: the index DJIA, and the Markowitz portfolio based on Modern Portfolio Theory. The key findings are as follows: (1) Peripheral portfolios of low centrality stocks based on Pearson correlation network are the best in the long-term, achieving an extremely high cumulative return of around 3000% as well as high risk-adjusted return; (2) Markowitz portfolio is the safest in the long-term, while on the contrary, central portfolios of high centrality stocks based on Pearson correlation network are the riskiest; (3) In times of crisis, no portfolio is always the best. However, portfolios based on Transfer Entropy network perform better in most of the crises; (4) Portfolios of all stocks selected with centrality-based investing weights outperform in both short-term investing and intraday trading. A stock brokerage company may utilize the above findings of our work to enhance its portfolio management services.
A Combined Runs Rules Scheme for Monitoring General Inflated Poisson Processes
Authors: Mamzeridou Eftychia , Rakitzis Athanasios C.
Published: November 2023

In this work, a control chart with multiple runs rules is proposed and studied in the case of monitoring inflated processes. Usually, Shewhart-type control charts for attributes do not have a lower control limit, especially when the in-control process mean level is very low, such as in the case of processes with a low number of defects per inspected unit. Therefore, it is not possible to detect a decrease in the process mean level. A common solution to this problem is to apply a runs rule on the lower side of the chart. Motivated by this approach, we suggest a Shewhart-type chart, supplemented with two runs rules; one is used for detecting decreases in process mean level, and the other is used for improving the chart’s sensitivity in the detection of small and moderate increasing shifts in the process mean level. Using the Markov chain method, we examine the performance of various schemes in terms of the average run length and the expected average run length. Two illustrative examples for the use of the proposed schemes in practice are also discussed. The numerical results show that the considered schemes can detect efficiently various shifts in process parameters in either direction.
Dimensionality Reduction with Variational Encoders Based on Subsystem Purification
Authors: Selvarajan Raja , Sajjan Manas , Humble Travis S. , Kais Sabre
Published: November 2023

Efficient methods for encoding and compression are likely to pave the way toward the problem of efficient trainability on higher-dimensional Hilbert spaces, overcoming issues of barren plateaus. Here, we propose an alternative approach to variational autoencoders to reduce the dimensionality of states represented in higher dimensional Hilbert spaces. To this end, we build a variational algorithm-based autoencoder circuit that takes as input a dataset and optimizes the parameters of a Parameterized Quantum Circuit (PQC) ansatz to produce an output state that can be represented as a tensor product of two subsystems by minimizing Tr(ρ2). The output of this circuit is passed through a series of controlled swap gates and measurements to output a state with half the number of qubits while retaining the features of the starting state in the same spirit as any dimension-reduction technique used in classical algorithms. The output obtained is used for supervised learning to guarantee the working of the encoding procedure thus developed. We make use of the Bars and Stripes (BAS) dataset for an 8 × 8 grid to create efficient encoding states and report a classification accuracy of 95% on the same. Thus, the demonstrated example provides proof for the working of the method in reducing states represented in large Hilbert spaces while maintaining the features required for any further machine learning algorithm that follows.
Metallic Structures for Tangent Bundles over Almost Quadratic ϕ-Manifolds
Authors: Khan Mohammad Nazrul Islam , Chaubey Sudhakar Kumar , Fatima Nahid , Al Eid Afifah
Published: November 2023

This paper aims to explore the metallic structure J2=pJ+qI, where p and q are natural numbers, using complete and horizontal lifts on the tangent bundle TM over almost quadratic ϕ-structures (briefly, (ϕ,ξ,η)). Tensor fields F˜ and F* are defined on TM, and it is shown that they are metallic structures over (ϕ,ξ,η). Next, the fundamental 2-form Ω and its derivative dΩ, with the help of complete lift on TM over (ϕ,ξ,η), are evaluated. Furthermore, the integrability conditions and expressions of the Lie derivative of metallic structures F˜ and F* are determined using complete and horizontal lifts on TM over (ϕ,ξ,η), respectively. Finally, we prove the existence of almost quadratic ϕ-structures on TM with non-trivial examples.
Optimal Transport and Seismic Rays
Authors: Magrini Fabrizio , Sambridge Malcolm
Published: November 2023

We present a theoretical framework that links Fermat’s principle of least time to optimal transport theory via a cost function that enforces local transport. The proposed cost function captures the physical constraints inherent in wave propagation; when paired with specific mass distributions, it yields shortest paths in the considered media through the optimal transport plans. In the discrete setting, our formulation results in physically significant optimal couplings, whose off-diagonal entries identify shortest paths in both directed and undirected graphs. For undirected graphs with positive edge weights, commonly used to parameterize seismic media, our method provides solutions to the Eikonal equation consistent with those from the Dijkstra algorithm. For directed negative-weight graphs, corresponding to transportation cost matrices with negative entries, our approach aligns with the Bellman–Ford algorithm but offers considerable computational advantages. We also highlight potential research directions. These include the use of sparse cost matrices to reduce the number of unknowns and constraints in the considered transportation problem, and solving specific classes of optimal transport problems through the Dijkstra algorithm to enhance computational efficiency.
Updating Utility Functions on Preordered Sets
Authors: Chebotarev Pavel
Published: November 2023

We consider the problem of extending a function fP defined on a subset P of an arbitrary set X to X strictly monotonically with respect to a preorder ≽ defined on X , without imposing continuity constraints. We show that whenever ≽ has a utility representation, fP is extendable if and only if it is gap-safe increasing. This property means that whenever x′≻x, the infimum of fP on the upper contour of x′ exceeds the supremum of fP on the lower contour of x, where x, x′∈X˜ and X˜ is X completed with two absolute ≽-extrema and, moreover, fP is weakly increasing. The completion of X makes the condition sufficient. The proposed method of extension is flexible in the sense that for any bounded utility representation u of ≽, it provides an extension of fP that coincides with u on a region of X that includes the set of P-neutral elements of X . An analysis of related topological theorems shows that the results obtained are not their consequences. The necessary and sufficient condition of extendability and the form of the extension are simplified when P is a Pareto set.
The CARE (Curiosity, Attentiveness, Respect and Responsiveness, and Embodiment) Model: Operationalizing Cultural Humility in the Conduct of Clinical Research
Authors: Loue Sana , Nicholas Timothy
Published: November 2023

Cultural competence training has been criticized for reinforcing existing stereotypes, ignoring intersectionality and inadvertently marginalizing some individuals and groups. In contrast, cultural humility offers the possibility of transformational learning, requiring individuals to pursue a lifelong course of self-examination. This approach makes authentic engagement with others possible. We review the premises underlying cultural competence and cultural humility, as well as proposed models for the integration of cultural humility into the clinical context. We propose a new model for the integration of cultural humility into clinical research: CARE, signifying Curiosity, Attentiveness, Respect and Responsiveness, and Embodiment. We conclude that the concept of cultural humility can be integrated into the conduct of clinical research.
An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Melatonin and n-Acetylcysteine in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Adult Rats
Authors: Aydin Hilal , Bulmus Ozgur , Korkut Oguzhan , Altun Eren , Ulusal Ali Engin
Published: November 2023

Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to apply histopathological and immunohistochemical methods to compare the protective efficacy of melatonin and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) application in rats with experimental brain ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury induced through occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), and to evaluate the protective effect of their combined use. Materials and Methods: Forty-one young adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups—control (n = 8), I/R group (n = 8), melatonin (n = 8), NAC (n = 8), and melatonin + NAC (n = 9). Results: All scores differed between the groups, apart from vascular congestion (p < 0.05). At two-way comparisons, all histological scores were significantly higher in the I/R group than in the control group (p < 0.05). No change occurred in the vascular congestion scores with the administration of melatonin, although decreases were determined in all other scores. These decreases were statistically significant for cellular eosinophilic pyknotic degeneration, vacuolization, and edema (p < 0.05). All histopathological scores in the group administered NAC together with melatonin were significantly lower than in the I/R group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The combined use of NAC and melatonin, the neuroprotective efficacy of which on histopathological parameters is shown in this study, now needs to be supported by further research.
The Longevity Protein Klotho: A Promising Tool to Monitor Lifestyle Improvements
Authors: Paquette Jean-Sébastien , Rhéaume Caroline , Cordeau Pierre , Moulin Julie-Alexandra , Audet-Walsh Etienne , Blanchette Virginie , Drouin-Chartier Jean-Philippe , Toi Alfred-Kodjo , Tremblay Angelo
Published: November 2023

Aging is not a disease; it is a natural evolution of human physiology. Medical advances have extended our life expectancy, but chronic diseases and geriatric syndrome continue to affect the increasingly aging population. Yet modern medicine perpetuates an approach based on treatment rather than prevention and education. In order to help solve this ever-growing problem, a new discipline has emerged: lifestyle medicine. Nutrition, physical activity, stress management, restorative sleep, social connection, and avoidance of risky substances are the pillars on which lifestyle medicine is founded. The aim of this discipline is to increase healthspan and reduce the duration of morbidity by making changes to our lifestyle. In this review, we propose the use of klotho protein as a novel biomarker for lifestyle medicine in order to quantify and monitor the health status of individuals, as no integrative tool currently exists.
Correction: Nielson et al. Similarity Downselection: Finding the n Most Dissimilar Molecular Conformers for Reference-Free Metabolomics. Metabolites 2023, 13, 105
Authors: Nielson Felicity F. , Kay Bill , Young Stephen J. , Colby Sean M. , Renslow Ryan S. , Metz Thomas O.
Published: November 2023

There were missing figures and associated legends for Figure 3 and Figure 4 as published due to a publication error [...]
Experiment and Simulation Study of the Laser-Induced Cavitation Bubble Technique for Forming a Microgroove in Aluminum Foil
Authors: Wang Liangliang , Su Chun , Jia Xiaofeng , Guo Zhongning , Zou Zhixiang
Published: November 2023

The present work introduces a laser-induced cavitation bubble technique for forming an axisymmetric structure (i.e., microgroove) and the dynamics of a cavitation bubble from initial expansion to the collapse stages that were also simulated. Furthermore, the shock wave signals and dynamic properties of the cavitation bubble were recorded using a hydrophone and a high-speed camera. The experiments on microgrooves formed by laser-induced cavitation bubble stamping were carried out, and the effects of laser energy, the initial position of the bubble, and the number of impacts on the microformability of aluminum sheets are discussed. The depth of the microgroove was investigated using experiments, and it was found that the process can serve as a rapid technique for impressing microfeatures on thin-sheet metals. The experimental results showed that as the initial position of the bubble increased, the deformation depth decreased. As the laser energy and number of impacts increased, the deformation depth increased. The results of the response surface experiments showed that a laser energy of 27 mJ, 3 impacts, and a bubble position of 3 mm were optimal for the process. By using the optimal parameters, flat and smooth microgrooves with a forming depth of 102.54 µm were successfully fabricated. Furthermore, the maximum thickness thinning of the microgroove section occurred at the entrance areas, and this area had the greatest hardness. This also indicated that the greatest amount of plastic deformation of the material and grain refinement occurred in this area. On the other hand, the aluminum foil did not undergo oxidation during the plastic deformation process. These results demonstrated that laser-induced bubble stamping is an advanced micromachining method with promising applications.
The Nonlinear Dynamics of a MEMS Resonator with a Triangular Tuning Comb
Authors: Zhang Lijuan , Zhang Huabiao , Li Xinye , Qiao Ningguo , Gao Xianping , Ji Yunxiao
Published: November 2023

The nonlinear dynamic response of a MEMS resonator with a triangular tuning comb is studied. The motion equation with dis-smooth tuning electrostatic force is derived according to Newton’s second law. The analytical solution of the periodic response is obtained using the harmonic balance method and section integral method. The singularity theory is then applied to investigate the bifurcation of the periodic response of the untuned system. The transition sets on the DC-AC voltage plane dividing the planes into several persistent regions are obtained. The bifurcation diagrams’ topological structures and jump phenomena corresponding to different parameter regions are analyzed. We explore the effects of tuning voltage on the response. This demonstrates that the amplitude–frequency curves present more hardening characteristics with increased tuning voltage. Many twists, bifurcation points, and unstable solutions appear, leading to complicated jump phenomena. Two bifurcation points exist on the response curves: the smooth and dis-smooth bifurcation points, with the latter occurring on the switching plane of non-uniform fingers.
Discovery, Identification, and Insecticidal Activity of an Aspergillus flavus Strain Isolated from a Saline–Alkali Soil Sample
Authors: Song Yuxin , Liu Xiaoli , Feng Shirong , Zhao Kangbo , Qi Zhijun , Wu Wenjun , Xiao Jie , Xu Hong , Ran Mingwei , Qin Baofu
Published: November 2023

Aphids are one of the most destructive pests in agricultural production. In addition, aphids are able to easily develop resistance to chemical insecticides due to their rapid reproduction and short generation periods. To explore an effective and environmentally friendly aphid control strategy, we isolated and examined a fungus with aphid-parasitizing activity. The strain (YJNfs21.11) was identified as Aspergillus flavus by ITS, 28S, and BenA gene sequence analysis. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the infection hyphae of ‘YJNfs21.11’ colonized and penetrated the aphid epidermal layer and subsequently colonized the body cavity. Field experiments showed that ‘YJNfs21.11’ and its fermentation products exerted considerable control on aphids, with a corrected efficacy of 96.87%. The lipase, protease, and chitinase secreted by fungi help aphid cuticle degradation, thus assisting spores in completing the infection process. Additionally, changes were observed in the mobility and physical signs of aphids, with death occurring within 60 h of infection. Our results demonstrate that A. flavus ‘YJNfs21.11’ exhibits considerable control on Aphis gossypii Glover and Hyalopterus arundimis Fabricius, making it a suitable biological control agent.
Preliminary SAR of Novel Pleuromutilin–Polyamine Conjugates
Authors: Sue Kenneth , Cadelis Melissa M. , Hainsworth Kerrin , Rouvier Florent , Bourguet-Kondracki Marie-Lise , Brunel Jean Michel , Copp Brent R.
Published: November 2023

While pleuromutilin (1) and its clinically available derivatives (2–6) are highly effective against Gram-positive bacteria, they remain inactive against many pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria due to the efflux pump AcrAB-TolC. In an effort to broaden the spectrum of activity of pleuromutilin (1), we developed a series of novel pleuromutilin–polyamine conjugates (9a–f) which exhibited promising intrinsic antimicrobial properties, targeting both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and Escherichia coli, along with the fungal strain Cryptococcus neoformans, and were devoid of cytotoxic and hemolytic properties with the exception of one conjugate. Furthermore, this series displayed moderate to low antibiotic potentiation of legacy antibiotics doxycycline and erythromycin, with three conjugates enhancing the activity four-fold in combination with doxycycline. In comparison to pleuromutilin (1) and tiamulin (2), one of the conjugates exhibited an expanded spectrum of activity, including Gram-negative bacteria and fungi, making it a promising option for combating microbial infections.
SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like Protease Negatively Regulates the NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway and Pyroptosis by Reducing the Oligomerization and Ubiquitination of ASC
Authors: Meng Huan , Zhou Jianglin , Wang Mingyu , Zheng Mei , Xing Yaling , Wang Yajie
Published: November 2023

The interaction of viruses with hosts is complex, especially so with the antiviral immune systems of hosts, and the underlying mechanisms remain perplexing. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 may result in cytokine syndrome in the later stages, reflecting the activation of the antiviral immune response. However, viruses also encode molecules to negatively regulate the antiviral immune systems of hosts to achieve immune evasion and benefit viral replication during the early stage of infection. It has been observed that the papain-like protease (PLP) encoded by coronavirus could negatively regulate the host’s IFNβ innate immunity. In this study, we first found that eight inflammasome-related genes were downregulated in CD14+ monocytes from COVID-19 patients. Subsequently, we observed that SARS-CoV-2 PLP negatively regulated the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, inhibited the secretion of IL-1β, and decreased the caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis of human monocytes. The mechanisms for this may arise because PLP coimmunoprecipitates with ASC, reduces ASC ubiquitination, and inhibits ASC oligomerization and the formation of ASC specks. These findings suggest that PLP may inhibit strong immune defenses and provide the maximum advantage for viral replication. This research may allow us to better understand the flex function of CoV-encoding proteases and provide a new perspective on the innate immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses.
Geochemical and Mineralogical Characteristics of Ion-Adsorption Type REE Mineralization in the Mosuoying Granite, Panxi Area, Southwest China
Authors: Gan Ling , Yan Bing , Liu Yuqing , Gao Yan , Yin Chuan , Zhu Liye , Tan Shuang , Ding Di , Jiang Haiyun
Published: November 2023

The ion-adsorption rare earth deposit developed on the Mosuoying granite in the Panxi area of southwestern China represents a significant advancement in the exploration of ion-adsorption rare earth deposits in Sichuan. Being the first and currently the sole ion-adsorption rare earth deposit in Sichuan, studying its rare earth mineralization characteristics holds great importance. This paper aims to investigate the geochemical properties of the Mosuoying granite and its overlying weathered crust using rock geochemical methods based on field geological investigations. The findings reveal that the deposit belongs to the light rare earth type, with the ore-forming parent rock attributed to the high-potassium calc-alkaline series. It exhibits a high rock REE content ranging from 419 to 578 ppm, indicating favorable mineralization potential. Hydrothermal alteration reduces the REE content of the parent rock, leading to a notable increase in the LREE/HREE ratio, thus impacting the partitioning of rare earth elements and subsequent ore formation. The distribution characteristics of rare earth elements in each layer of the weathered crust are controlled by the parent rock and exhibit a light rare earth distribution pattern. The completely weathered layer is the main enrichment zone for rare earth elements, and the migration and enrichment patterns of rare earth elements in the weathered crust are evident. From the semi-weathered layer to the completely weathered layer, all REEs were gained, with a higher degree of migration for LREE. From the completely weathered layer to the clay layer, all REEs were lost, and the vertical distribution of rare earth content shows a “low-high-low” pattern.
Generalized Fiducial Inference for the Generalized Rayleigh Distribution
Authors: Zhu Xuan , Tian Weizhong , Tian Chengliang
Published: November 2023

This article focuses on the interval estimation of the generalized Rayleigh distribution with scale and shape parameters. The generalized fiducial method is used to construct the fiducial point estimators as well as the fiducial confidence intervals, and then their performance is compared with other methods such as the maximum likelihood estimation, Bayesian estimation and parametric bootstrap method. Monte Carlo simulation studies are carried out to examine the efficiency of the methods in terms of the mean square error, coverage probability and average length. Finally, two real data sets are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method.
The Green Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide Using Ellagic Acid: Improving the Contrast-Enhancing Effect of Microbubbles in Ultrasound
Authors: Cheng Qiwei , Wang Yuzhou , Zhou Qi , Duan Shaobo , Zhang Beibei , Li Yaqiong , Zhang Lianzhong
Published: November 2023

There is an urgent need to realize precise clinical ultrasound with ultrasound contrast agents that provide high echo intensity and mechanical index tolerance. Graphene derivatives possess exceptional characteristics, exhibiting great potential in fabricating ideal ultrasound contrast agents. Herein, we reported a facile and green approach to synthesizing reduced graphene oxide with ellagic acid (rGO-EA). To investigate the application of a graphene derivative in ultrasound contrast agents, rGO-EA was dispersed in saline solution and mixed with SonoVue (SV) to fabricate SV@rGO-EA microbubbles. To determine the properties of the product, analyses were performed, including ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and zeta potential analysis. Additionally, cell viability measurements and a hemolysis assay were conducted for a biosafety evaluation. SV@rGO-EA microbubbles were scanned at various mechanical index values to obtain the B-mode and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) mode images in vitro. SV@rGO-EA microbubbles were administered to SD rats, and their livers and kidneys were imaged in CEUS and B-mode. The absorption of rGO-EA resulted in an enhanced echo intensity and mechanical index tolerance of SV@rGO-EA, surpassing the performance of SV microbubbles both in vitro and in vivo. This work exhibited the application potential of graphene derivatives in the field of ultrasound precision medicine.
Research Progress on Intrinsically Conductive Polymers and Conductive Polymer-Based Composites for Electromagnetic Shielding
Authors: Zhao Yuzhen , Li Chaonian , Lang Tingting , Gao Jianjing , Zhang Huimin , Zhao Yang , Guo Zhun , Miao Zongcheng
Published: November 2023

Electromagnetic shielding materials are special materials that can effectively absorb and shield electromagnetic waves and protect electronic devices and electronic circuits from interference and damage by electromagnetic radiation. This paper presents the research progress of intrinsically conductive polymer materials and conductive polymer-based composites for electromagnetic shielding as well as an introduction to lightweight polymer composites with multicomponent systems. These materials have excellent electromagnetic interference shielding properties and have the advantages of electromagnetic wave absorption and higher electromagnetic shielding effectiveness compared with conventional electromagnetic shielding materials, but these materials still have their own shortcomings. Finally, the paper also discusses the future opportunities and challenges of intrinsically conductive polymers and composites containing a conductive polymer matrix for electromagnetic shielding applications.
Condensation of Benzyl Carbamate with Glyoxal in Polar Protic and Aprotic Solvents
Authors: Paromov Artyom E.
Published: November 2023

The synthesis of substituted 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane via direct condensation is challenging. The selection of starting ammonia derivatives is very limited. The important step in developing alternative synthetic routes to these compounds is to investigate their formation process in detail. Here, we examined an acid-catalyzed condensation between benzyl carbamate and glyoxal in a ratio of 2:1 in a range of polar protic and aprotic solvents, and discovered a new process occurring during the cascade condensation of glyoxal with ammonia derivatives as well as discovered several processes hindering the formation of caged compounds. More specifically, a cyclic compound, N,N′-bis(carbobenzoxy)-3,6-diamino-1,4-dioxane-2,5-diol, was found to form at the early stage of condensation under low acidity conditions. The formation of this compound is governed by an easier condensation of alcohol groups compared to the amide ones. The condensation intermediates, N,N′-bis(carbobenzoxy)ethan-1,2-diol, N,N′,N″-tris(carbobenzoxy)ethanol, and N,N′,N″,N‴-tetrakis(carbobenzoxy)ethan, were obtained at a higher acidity. A range of solvents were identified: those that react with benzyl carbamate, those that promote the progress of side processes, and those that promote precipitation of condensation intermediates. A few byproducts were isolated and identified. It was found that DMSO exhibits a strong deactivating ability, while CH3CN exhibits a strong activating ability towards the acid-catalyzed condensation process of benzyl carbamate with glyoxal.
Conversion of Natural Biowaste into Energy Storage Materials and Estimation of Discharge Capacity through Transfer Learning in Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Nanthagopal Murugan , Mouraliraman Devanadane , Han Yu-Ri , Ho Chang Won , Obregon Josue , Jung Jae-Yoon , Lee Chang Woo
Published: November 2023

To simultaneously reduce the cost of environmental treatment of discarded food waste and the cost of energy storage materials, research on biowaste conversion into energy materials is ongoing. This work employs a solid-state thermally assisted synthesis method, transforming natural eggshell membranes (NEM) into nitrogen-doped carbon. The resulting NEM-coated LFP (NEM@LFP) exhibits enhanced electrical and ionic conductivity that can promote the mobility of electrons and Li-ions on the surface of LFP. To identify the optimal synthesis temperature, the synthesis temperature is set to 600, 700, and 800 °C. The NEM@LFP synthesized at 700 °C (NEM 700@LFP) contains the most pyrrolic nitrogen and has the highest ionic and electrical conductivity. When compared to bare LFP, the specific discharge capacity of the material is increased by approximately 16.6% at a current rate of 0.1 C for 50 cycles. In addition, we introduce innovative data-driven experiments to observe trends and estimate the discharge capacity under various temperatures and cycles. These data-driven results corroborate and support our experimental analysis, highlighting the accuracy of our approach. Our work not only contributes to reducing environmental waste but also advances the development of efficient and eco-friendly energy storage materials.
Electrostatic Self-Assembled Synthesis of Amorphous/Crystalline g-C3N4 Homo-Junction for Efficient Photocatalytic H2 Production with Simultaneous Antibiotic Degradation
Authors: Pan Yilin , Qiao Kai , Ning Chuangyu , Wang Xin , Liu Zhiquan , Chen Zhihong
Published: November 2023

g-C3N4 has been regarded as a promising photocatalyst for photo-reforming antibiotics for H2 production but still suffers from its high charge recombination, which has been proven to be solvable by constructing a g-C3N4 homo-junction. However, those reported methods based on uncontrollable calcination for preparing a g-C3N4 homo-junction are difficult to reproduce. Herein, an amorphous/crystalline g-C3N4 homo-junction (ACN/CCN) was successfully synthesized via the electrostatic self-assembly attachment of negatively charged crystalline g-C3N4 nanorods (CCN) on positively charged amorphous g-C3N4 sheets (ACN). All the ACN/CCN samples displayed much higher photo-reforming of antibiotics for H2 production ability than that of pristine ACN and CCN. In particular, ACN/CCN-2 with the optimal ratio exhibited the best photocatalytic performance, with a H2 evolution rate of 162.5 μmol·g−1·h−1 and simultaneous consecutive ciprofloxacin (CIP) degradation under light irradiation for 4 h. The UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), photoluminescence (PL), and electrochemical results revealed that a homo-junction is formed in ACN/CCN due to the difference in the band arrangement of ACN and CCN, which effectively suppressed the charge recombination and then led to those above significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity. Moreover, H2 was generated from the water reduction reaction with a photogenerated electron (e−), and CIP was degraded via a photogenerated hole (h+). ACN/CCN exhibited adequate photostability and reusability for photocatalytic H2 production with simultaneous CIP degradation. This work provides a new idea for rationally designing and preparing homo-junction photocatalysts to achieve the dual purpose of chemical energy production and environmental treatment.
A Comprehensive Review on Electrocatalytic Applications of 2D Metallenes
Authors: Basyooni-M. Kabatas Mohamed A.
Published: November 2023

This review introduces metallenes, a cutting-edge form of atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) metals, gaining attention in energy and catalysis. Their unique physicochemical and electronic properties make them promising for applications like catalysis. Metallenes stand out due to their abundance of under-coordinated metal atoms, enhancing the catalytic potential by improving atomic utilization and intrinsic activity. This review explores the utility of 2D metals as electrocatalysts in sustainable energy conversion, focusing on the Oxygen Evolution Reaction, Oxygen Reduction Reaction, Fuel Oxidation Reaction, and Carbon Dioxide Reduction Reaction. Aimed at researchers in nanomaterials and energy, the review is a comprehensive resource for unlocking the potential of 2D metals in creating a sustainable energy landscape.
Influence of Prolonged Whole Egg Supplementation on Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 and Short-Chain Fatty Acids Product: Implications for Human Health and Gut Microbiota
Authors: Suta Sophida , Ophakas Suphawan , Manosan Thamonwan , Honwichit Orranich , Charoensiddhi Suvimol , Surawit Apinya , Pongkunakorn Tanyaporn , Pumeiam Sureeporn , Mongkolsucharitkul Pichanun , Pinsawas Bonggochpass , Sutheeworapong Sawannee , Puangsombat Patcha , Khoomrung Sakda , Mayurasakorn Korapat
Published: November 2023

The gut microbiota exert a profound influence on human health and metabolism, with microbial metabolites playing a pivotal role in shaping host physiology. This study investigated the impact of prolonged egg supplementation on insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and circulating short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). In a subset of a cluster-randomized trial, participants aged 8–14 years were randomly assigned into three groups: (1) Whole Egg (WE)—consuming 10 additional eggs per week [n = 24], (2) Protein Substitute (PS)—consuming yolk-free egg substitute equivalent to 10 eggs per week [n = 25], and (3) Control Group (C) [n = 26]. At week 35, IGF-1 levels in WE significantly increased (66.6 ± 27.7 ng/mL, p < 0.05) compared to C, with positive SCFA correlations, except acetate. Acetate was stable in WE, increasing in PS and C. Significant propionate differences occurred between WE and PS (14.8 ± 5.6 μmol/L, p = 0.010). WE exhibited notable changes in the relative abundance of the Bifidobacterium and Prevotella genera. Strong positive SCFA correlations were observed with MAT-CR-H4-C10 and Libanicoccus, while Roseburia, Terrisporobacter, Clostridia_UCG-014, and Coprococcus showed negative correlations. In conclusion, whole egg supplementation improves growth factors that may be related to bone formation and growth; it may also promote benefits to gut microbiota but may not affect SCFAs.
Probiotics Support Resilience of the Oral Microbiota during Resolution after Experimental Gingivitis—A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Lundtorp Olsen Christine , Massarenti Laura , Vendius Vincent Frederik Dahl , Gürsoy Ulvi Kahraman , Van Splunter Annina , Bikker Floris J. , Gürsoy Mervi , Damgaard Christian , Markvart Merete , Belstrøm Daniel
Published: November 2023

The present study aims to test whether probiotics protect against experimental gingivitis incited by 14 days of oral hygiene neglect and/or subsequently support the restoration of oral homeostasis. Eighty systemically and orally healthy participants refrained from oral hygiene procedures for 14 days, followed by 14 days with regular oral hygiene procedures. Additionally, participants consumed either probiotics (n = 40) or placebo (n = 40) throughout the trial. At baseline, day 14, and day 28, supragingival plaque score and bleeding-on-probing percentage (BOP %) were registered, and supragingival plaque and saliva samples were collected. The supragingival microbiota was characterized using 16S sequencing, and saliva samples were analyzed for levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and proteases. At day 28, the relative abundance of Lautropia (p = 0.014), Prevotella (p = 0.046), Fusobacterium (p = 0.033), and Selenomonas (p = 0.0078) genera were significantly higher in the placebo group compared to the probiotics group, while the relative abundance of Rothia (p = 0.047) species was associated with the probiotics group. Streptococcus sanguinis was associated with the probiotics group, while Campylobacter gracilis was associated with the placebo group. No difference was observed in salivary cytokines, albumin, or any enzyme activity. The present study suggests that probiotics support the resilience of the oral microbiota in the resolution period after gingivitis.
Determination of the Viability of Lactic Acid Bacteria by Dynamic In Vitro Gastrointestinal Model in Household and Industrial-Type Kefir Samples
Authors: İnce Palamutoğlu Merve , Köse Gizem , Baş Murat
Published: November 2023

This study presents results based on differences in the antioxidant activity and lactic acid bacteria counts in different parts of the digestive tract following simulated gastrointestinal digestion of kefir samples. Statistically significant differences were observed in Lactobacillus counts in different kefir types including industrial (IK), starter culture (SCK), and kefir grains (KG). These differences were observed between the initial and second min in the mouth region (T = 3.968; p < 0.05); and between the initial, 60th, and 120th min in the stomach region (R = 11.146; p < 0.05). Additionally, a statistically significant difference was noted in the initial Lactobacillus levels among the IK, SCK, and KG in the stomach region (H = 7.205; p < 0.05). Also, significant differences were identified between the Lactococcus counts of IK across 0, 60, and 120 min in the stomach region (R = 10.236; p < 0.05). Notably, a statistically significant difference was noted in the Lactococcus levels in the KG between the initial and second min in the mouth region (T = 3.101; p < 0.05) and between 0, 60, and 120 min in the stomach region (R = 25.771; p < 0.001). These findings highlight the differences between the physicochemical characteristics of different kefir types. A decrease in lactic acid bacteria counts in kefir samples was observed throughout the dynamic in vitro gastrointestinal tract to reveal the significance of the digestive process when determining probiotic product capacity.
Probiotics Partly Suppress the Impact of Sugar Stress on the Oral Microbiota—A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Lundtorp Olsen Christine , Massarenti Laura , Vendius Vincent Frederik Dahl , Gürsoy Ulvi Kahraman , Van Splunter Annina , Bikker Floris J. , Gürsoy Mervi , Damgaard Christian , Markvart Merete , Belstrøm Daniel
Published: November 2023

The aim was to test if probiotics counteract oral dysbiosis during 14 days of sugar stress and subsequently help restore oral homeostasis. Eighty healthy individuals received either probiotics (n = 40) or placebo lozenges (n = 40) for 28 days and rinsed with a 10% sucrose solution 6–8 times during the initial 14 days of the trial. Saliva and supragingival samples were collected at baseline, day 14, and day 28. Saliva samples were analyzed for levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, albumin, and salivary enzyme activity. The supragingival microbiota was characterized according to the Human Oral Microbiome Database. After 14 days of sugar stress, the relative abundance of Porphyromonas species was significantly higher (p = 0.03) and remained significantly elevated at day 28 in the probiotic group compared to the placebo group (p = 0.004). At day 28, the relative abundance of Kingella species was significantly higher in the probiotic group (p = 0.03). Streptococcus gordinii and Neisseria elongata were associated with the probiotic group on day 28, while Streptococcus sobrinus was associated with the placebo group on day 14 and day 28. On day 28, the salivary albumin level was significantly lower in the probiotic group. The present study demonstrates a potential stabilizing effect on the supragingival microbiota mediated by consumption of probiotics during short-term sugar stress.
Adipose Tissue Metabolism in Response to Food Intake
Authors: Carrillo Andres E. , Vliora Maria
Published: November 2023

The quality and quantity of the food we consume have a major impact on our general health and longevity [...]
Hydration and Body Composition in Sports Practice: An Editorial
Authors: Campa Francesco
Published: November 2023

Assessing hydration status and monitoring body composition represent crucial aspects when discussing the advantages of embracing a healthy lifestyle, given its significant impact on both health and sports performance [...]
Chemopreventive Effects of Polysaccharides and Flavonoids from Okra Flowers in Azomethane/Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Murine Colitis-Associated Cancer
Authors: Deng Yuanle , Huang Xiaoyi , Chen Xiaotong , Wang Meng , Tian Li , Zhou Heting , Yang Wenyu , He Fang , Yin Wenya
Published: November 2023

Okra flowers are a good source of polysaccharides and flavonoids, with biological activities of anti-inflammatory action and modulation of the gut microbiota. Previously, we reported that flavonoid-rich extracts from okra flowers (AFE) presented effective anti-colorectal cancer (CRC) activity in CRC cells as well as xenograft models, but their role in colitis-associated cancer (CAC) is unidentified. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of AFE and APE (polysaccharides extracted from okra flowers) on the CAC symptoms of azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-intervened mice. The results showed that APE and AFE exert potent efficacy in inhibiting colitis and colorectal tumorigenesis stimulated by AOM/DSS, characterized by decreased colonic shortening, DAI score, and tumor numbers. Compared with the control group, APE/AFE alleviated the microbiota dysbiosis driven by AOM/DSS. In addition, AFE elicited its anticancer activity through regulation of NFκB/IL-6/Stat3, JAK2/Stat3, MAPKs, PI3K/AKT, and Wnt/β-catenin signal transductions in AOM/DSS mice, which was consistent with a vitro model of CT26 cells, while APE treatment exhibited anticancer activity through regulation of Nrf2/IL-6, MAPKs, PI3K/AKT, and Wnt/β-catenin signal transductions in the AOM/DSS mouse model. Collectively, our studies revealed, for the first time, that flavonoids and polysaccharides from okra flowers possess the ability to attenuate colitis and colorectal tumorigenesis, with them having great potential to become promising candidates against CRC.
Associations between High Protein Intake, Linear Growth, and Stunting in Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Xiong Ting , Wu Yuanjue , Hu Jiazhen , Xu Shiqi , Li Yan , Kong Binxuan , Zhang Zhuangyu , Chen Liangkai , Tang Yuhan , Yao Ping , Xiong Jingfan , Li Yanyan
Published: November 2023

Background and aims: Childhood and adolescence are critical periods for linear growth and preventing stunting. Current evidence indicates that dietary protein intake in children and adolescents is often two to three times higher than the recommendations in many regions worldwide. However, few studies have focused on the association between high protein intake and linear growth and stunting in this population. We aim to investigate this association in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years in a population with relatively high protein consumption. Methods: We conducted a large cross-sectional study involving 3299 participants from Shenzhen, a modern metropolis of China. Protein intake, including total protein, animal protein, and plant protein, was evaluated by a food-frequency questionnaire and expressed as grams per kilogram of body weight per day (g·kg−1·d−1) and as a percentage of total energy intake (%E). The primary outcomes were body height and height-for-age Z score (HAZ). Generalized linear models and logistic regression analyses were employed to examine the associations between protein intake and outcomes. We also conducted stratified analyses across different genders and pubertal stages in the aforementioned associations. Results: The mean protein intake was 1.81 g·kg−1·d−1 (17% E). After adjusting for serum calcium, zinc, vitamin D3, vitamin A levels, birth outcomes, lifestyle, and parental characteristics, each standard deviation increase of 1 in protein intake (0.64 kg−1·d−1) is found to be associated with a −5.78 cm change in body height (95% CI: −6.12, −5.45) and a −0.79 change in HAZ (95% CI: −0.84, −0.74). Consistent results were observed when protein intake was expressed as %E or specifically as animal or plant protein. Moreover, the relationship between protein intake and linear growth remained consistent across genders in different pubertal stages, similar to that of the overall participants. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the potential hazards of high protein intake on linear growth in children and adolescents. Caution should be exercised when promoting increased protein consumption in children and adolescents who already have a high intake of protein.
Effects of Sulforaphane and Chlorophyl a in a Western Diet-Induced Obesity Model
Authors: Martins Tânia , Matos Ana Filipa , Soares Joana , Leite Rúben , Pires Maria João , Pinto Maria de Lurdes , Neuparth Maria João , Monteiro Sandra Mariza , Sequeira Ana Rita , Félix Luís , Venâncio Carlos , Rosa Eduardo , Oliveira Paula Alexandra , Antunes Luís Miguel
Published: November 2023

The global rise in obesity and its co-morbidities raises worldwide health, social and economic concerns, especially in developed countries. Compounds derived from natural sources are now in the focus of pharmacological therapies. In recent years, sulforaphane (SFN) has been the subject of studies due to its anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and potential anti-obesity effects. Lately, some studies have also reported the anti-obesogenic potential of chlorophyll. In this study, we evaluated the anti-obesity effects of SFN and chlorophyll a (Chlo.a) in C57BL/6J mice fed with a Western diet, rich in sugar and fat. The study lasted 14 weeks, and for the last 4 weeks SFN (0.25 or 0.5 mg/kg/day) or Chlo.a (0.2 or 0.5 mg/kg/day) was administered orally. The results showed that supplementation with SFN or Chlo.a resulted in an increase in body temperature and a reduction in the size of adipocytes. However, the administration of SFN or Chlo.a for 4 weeks did not decrease the body weight gain or hepatic steatosis, and increased hepatic ROS counterbalancing with an increase in SOD activity. In conclusion, in the animal model used, treatment with SFN or Chlo.a did not show strong anti-obesity effects; however, slight improvements were observed with the supplementation of these compounds.
The Rapid Generation of Cell-Laden, FACS-Compatible Collagen Gels
Authors: Xiao Yi , Huang Qiaoling , Collins Jesse W. , Brouchon Julie , Nelson Jeffery A. , Niziolek Zachary , O’Neil Alison , Ye Fangfu , Weitz David A. , Heyman John A.
Published: November 2023

A three-dimensional cell culture in hydrogel beads can support cell growth and differentiation into multi-cellular structures, and these gel beads could be used as building blocks for more complex three-dimensional assemblies. This requires hydrogel beads that are robust enough to sort via FACS yet can be degraded by cell-secreted enzymes. Collagen polymers form hydrogels that are excellent cell growth substrates; however, collagen-containing hydrogel beads typically include additional polymers that limit their degradation. Here, we introduce a simple microfluidic method to generate robust, sortable, cell-laden collagen hydrogel beads. We use on-device pH control to trigger collagen gelation without exposing cells to low pH, ensuring high cell viability. We fabricate microfluidic devices to generate droplets with a wide size range, as demonstrated by production of both small (~55 µm diameter) and large (~300 µm diameter) collagen gels. All hydrogels are sufficiently robust to allow for sorting using FACS. Moreover, high cell viability is maintained throughout the process.