bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing attention in children using an integrated cognitive-physical videogame: A pilot study
Authors: Anguera J. A. , Rowe M. A. , Volponi J. J. , Elkurdi M. , Jurigova B. , Simon A. J. , Anguera-Singla R. , Gallen C. L. , Gazzaley A. , Marco E. J.
Published: April 2023

Inattention can negatively impact several aspects of a child’s life, including at home and school. Cognitive and physical interventions are two promising non-pharmaceutical approaches used to enhance attention abilities, with combined approaches often being marketed to teachers, therapists, and parents typically without research validation. Here, we assessed the feasibility of incorporating an integrated, cognitive-physical, closed-loop video game (body-brain trainer or ‘BBT’) as an after-school program, and also evaluated if there were attention benefits following its use. Twenty-two children (7–12 years of age) with a range of attention abilities were recruited to participate in this proof of concept, single-arm, longitudinal study (24 sessions over 8 weeks, ~30 min/day). We interrogated attention abilities through a parent survey of their child’s behaviors, in addition to objective performance-based and neural measures of attention. Here we observed 95% compliance as well as, significant improvements on the parent-based reports of inattention and on cognitive tests and neural measures of attention that were comparable in scale to previous work. Exploratory measures of other cognitive control abilities and physical fitness also showed similar improvement, with exploratory evaluation of retained benefits on the primary attention-related outcomes being present 1-year later. Lastly, there was no correlation between the baseline parent-rated inattention score and the improvement on the primary task-based measures of attention, suggesting that intervention-based benefits were not solely attained by those who stood the most to gain. These pilot findings warrant future research to replicate and extend these findings.
Theta oscillations represent collective dynamics of multineuronal membrane potentials of murine hippocampal pyramidal cells
Authors: Noguchi Asako , Yamashiro Kotaro , Matsumoto Nobuyoshi , Ikegaya Yuji
Published: April 2023

Theta (θ) oscillations are one of the characteristic local field potentials (LFPs) in the hippocampus that emerge during spatial navigation, exploratory sniffing, and rapid eye movement sleep. LFPs are thought to summarize multineuronal events, including synaptic currents and action potentials. However, no in vivo study to date has directly interrelated θ oscillations with the membrane potentials (Vm) of multiple neurons, and it remains unclear whether LFPs can be predicted from multineuronalVms. Here, we simultaneously patch-clamp up to three CA1 pyramidal neurons in awake or anesthetized mice and find that the temporal evolution of the power and frequency of θ oscillations inVms (θVms) are weakly but significantly correlate with LFP θ oscillations (θLFP) such that a deep neural network could predict the θLFPwaveforms based on the θVmtraces of three neurons. Therefore, individual neurons are loosely interdependent to ensure freedom of activity, but they partially share information to collectively produce θLFP.
Rational and key strategies toward enhancing the performance of graphene/silicon solar cells
Authors: Fallahazad Parisa
Published: April 2023

Several strategies are presented to enhance the performance of graphene-based solar cells. These strategies include chemical doping, incorporation of an interlayer, and controlling the reflectivity with an antireflection layer.
Mechanical alloying of Mg0.8-XTi0.2 and study the effect of adding (x = 0.2 wt%) transition metal like Sc, Zr, or Nb on their phase transitions, activation energy, and hydrogen storage properties
Authors: Nivedhitha K. S. , Venkatesh R. , Banapurmath N. R. , Khan T. M. Yunus , Vadlamudi Chandramouli , Krishnappa Sanjay , Alshehery Sultan
Published: April 2023

Till now Mg-based alloys have attracted much attention due to the high storage capacity of hydrogen.
Cascade autohydrolysis of Alzheimer's Aβ peptides
Authors: Wolfram Martin , Tiwari Manish K. , Hassenkam Tue , Li Ming , Bjerrum Morten J. , Meldal Morten
Published: April 2023

Peptide self-assembly into proteolytic self-processing amyloid structures associates with the major neurodegenerative disorder, Alzheimer's disease (AD). Active aggregates may be employed for cross-seeding of this important process.
Gelatin-modified Mxene carbon aerogels for ammonium-perchlorate-catalyzed thermal decomposition
Authors: Yan Yujie , Jin Bo , Peng Rufang
Published: April 2023

The assembly of 2D Ti3C2Tx nanosheets into 3D structures with orderable structure has great importance for their use as catalyst carriers.
Achieving high-efficiency triboelectric nanogenerators by suppressing the electrostatic breakdown effect
Authors: Gao Yikui , Liu Di , Li Yanhong , Liu Jiaqi , Zhou Linglin , Li Xinyuan , Zhao Zhihao , Li Shaoxin , Yang Peiyuan , Wang Zhong Lin , Wang Jie
Published: April 2023

Maximizing TENGs’ energy cycle by analyzing the dynamic charge transfer process and suppressing air breakdown.
Morphological dependent exciton dynamics and thermal transport in MoSe2 films
Authors: Gupta Jay Deep , Jangra Priyanka , Majee Bishnu Pada , Mishra Ashish Kumar
Published: April 2023

This study demonstrates for the first time the different excitonic behaviour of snowlike and hexagonal MoSe2 at low temperatures along with the dominance of three-phonon (four-phonon) scattering for thermal transport in hexagonal (snowlike) MoSe2.
Sensitive hydrazine detection and quantification with a fluorescent benzothiadiazole sensor: selective lipid droplets andin vivoimaging
Authors: Santos Camila O. , Passos Saulo T. A. , Sorto Jenny E. P. , Machado Daniel F. S. , Correa Jose R. , da Silva Júnior Eufrânio N. , Rodrigues Marcelo O. , Neto Brenno A. D.
Published: April 2023

A selective hydrazine sensor in solution based on the 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole heterocycle is efficient forin vitroandin vivoanalyses. This sensor generates water as the only byproduct, avoiding generation of toxic compounds and interference duringin vivoapplications.
Isoquinoline-1,3-dione-derived conjugated polymers for field-effect transistors: synthesis, properties, and the effect of inner aromatic bridges
Authors: Zhou Yankai , Che Qian , Zhang Weifeng , Li Hao , Wei Xuyang , Liu Xitong , Wang Liping , Yu Gui
Published: April 2023

A series of novel isoquinoline-1,3-dione (IQD)-derived conjugated polymers were designed and synthesized. They showed promising high hole mobilities up to 1.08 cm2 V−1 s−1, which are among the highest in the IQD-based polymers reported so far.
Multiple hierarchical dynamic interactions enabled a robust, stretchable and room temperature self-healing elastomer
Authors: Fan Jianfeng , Zhou Xinqin , Chen Yukun
Published: April 2023

The reported strategy of control of elastomers’ mechanical hierarchy of energy-dissipating modes provides practical experience for the design of efficient self-healing elastomers with robust and stretchable mechanical properties.
Utilization of compressible hydrogels as electrolyte materials for supercapacitor applications
Authors: Jain Amrita , Ziai Yasamin , Bochenek Kamil , Manippady Sai Rashmi , Pierini Filippo , Michalska Monika
Published: April 2023

(a) Detailed procedure of the fabrication of each layer. (b) FE-SEM image of the hydrogel. (c) Mechanical properties of the hydrogel with and without addition of C-NPs. (d) Macroscopic demonstration of the hydrogel and mechanical flexibility.
Silver nanoparticles deposited on a cotton fabric surface via an in situ method using reactive hyperbranched polymers and their antibacterial properties
Authors: Chen Hongxia , Zhang Guangyu , Zhang Wei , Gao Weidong
Published: April 2023

In situ synthesis of Ag-NPs on EPDA-HBP-grafted cotton fabric.
Cation disorder dominates the defect chemistry of high-voltage LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 (LMNO) spinel cathodes
Authors: Cen Jiayi , Zhu Bonan , Kavanagh Seán R. , Squires Alexander G. , Scanlon David O.
Published: April 2023

Using first-principles calculations, a comprehensive intrinsic defect study on high-voltage spinel LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 (LMNO) cathode shows that the defect chemistry of this material is dominated by cation antisites and their complexes.
Photosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide from dioxygen and water using aluminium-based metal–organic framework assembled with porphyrin- and pyrene-based linkers
Authors: Kondo Yoshifumi , Hino Kenta , Kuwahara Yasutaka , Mori Kohsuke , Yamashita Hiromi
Published: April 2023

Photocatalytic production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from dioxygen (O2) and water (H2O) has shown promise for the artificial photosynthesis of liquid fuel.
Load shedding method aimed fast voltage recovery to prevent interference of FIDVR with UV relays
Authors: Ghotbi‐Maleki Mahdi , Mohammadi Reza , Javadi Hamid
Published: April 2023

The fault‐induced delayed voltage recovery (FIDVR) and short‐term voltage instability (STVI) phenomena appear in networks with high penetration of induction motor loads because the increase in requested reactive powers of these loads prevents the voltages from quickly returning to their pre‐fault levels. Load shedding (LS) is one of the ways to deal with FIDVR and STVI and reduce the imbalance between the generation and demand of reactive power. Under‐voltage (UV) relays that disconnect loads during voltage drop cannot effectively deal with this phenomenon because of their inability to detect the effective loads on the reduction of FIDVR and STVI severities. Therefore, the operation of UV relays during these phenomena causes unnecessary load disconnection, and the interference of their operations with FIDVR and STVI must be avoided. This paper presents two wide‐area approaches based on network and loads parameters, the first of which deals with the most critical FIDVR, and the second tries to simultaneously handle critical FIDVRs of all buses. Also, bus prioritization for LS during STVI has been addressed. Simulation results revealed the better performance of the proposed approaches than the previous ones in terms of the amount of LS and the number of selected buses for LS.
Study of the bipolar jet of the YSO Th 28 with VLT/SINFONI: Jet morphology and H2 emission
Authors: Melnikov S. , Boley P. A. , Nikonova N. S. , Caratti o Garatti A. , Garcia Lopez R. , Stecklum B. , Eislöffel J. , Weigelt G.
Published: April 2023

Context. The young stellar object (YSO) Th 28 possesses a highly collimated jet, which clearly exhibits an asymmetric brightness of its jet lobes at optical and near-infrared wavelengths. As with many other YSO outflows, there may be asymmetry in the physical parameters of the jet plasma in opposite jet lobes (e.g. electron density, temperature, and outflow velocity).

Aims. We examined the Th 28 jet at high-spatial resolution in the regions where the jet material is collimated and accelerated. Our goal is to map the morphology and determine its physical parameters. We compared the results with those of other asymmetric YSO jets to determine the physical origin of such asymmetries.

Methods. We used the integral field spectrograph SINFONI on the Very Large Telescope (VLT) of the European Southern Observatory to characterise the jet parameters in a 3″ × 3″ field around the central source of Th 28. We present high-resolution spectra of Th 28 covering the JHK bands, obtained in June-July 2015.

Results. The images reveal gaseous structures out to distances of a few arcseconds around the stellar jet source. The [Fe II] emission originates in highly collimated jet lobes. Two new axial knots are detected in the bipolar jet, one in each lobe, at angular distances of 1″ in the blue lobe and 1″​​.2 in the red lobe. The H2 radiation is emitted from an extended region with a radius of ≳270 au, which is perpendicular to the jet. The position–velocity diagrams of the bright H2 lines reveal faint H2 emission along both jet lobes as well. The compact and faint H I emission (Paβ and Brγ) comes from two regions, namely from a spherical region around the star and from the jet lobes. The maximum size of the jet launching region is derived as 0″​​.015, which corresponds to ∼3 au at a distance of 185 pc, and the initial opening angle of the Th 28 jet is about 28°, which makes this jet substantially less collimated than most jets from other Classical T Tauri stars (CTTs).

Conclusions. The high-resolution SINFONI images show three groups of lines with different excitation conditions, which trace different gas structures. The emission in [Fe II], H2, and atomic hydrogen lines suggests a morphology in which the ionised gas in the disc (or at least very close to the jet launching site) appears to be disrupted by the jet. The resolved disc-like H2 emission most likely arises in the disc atmosphere from shocks caused by a radial uncollimated wind. The asymmetry of the [Fe II] photocentre shifts with respect to the jet source arises in the immediate vicinity of the driving source of Th 28 and suggests that the observed brightness asymmetry is intrinsic as well.
Prediction of gamma-ray emission from Cygnus X-1, SS 433, and GRS 1915+105 after absorption
Authors: Papavasileiou Th. V. , Kosmas O. T. , Sinatkas I.
Published: April 2023

Context. Stellar black hole X-ray binary stars (BHXRBs) are among the most luminous and powerful systems located in our Milky Way and in other galaxies of the Universe. Their jets are prominent sources of particles (e.g., neutrinos) and radiation emissions in energy ranges detectable by terrestrial and space telescopes, even from galaxies deep in the space. A significant factor, however, would be the photon absorption effect that occur due to scattering on the lower end of the energy radiation of the system’s surroundings.

Aims. We aim to study in detail and extract predictions for the emitted gamma-ray intensities and integral fluxes of the jets emanating from BHXRB systems Cygnus X-1, GRS 1915+105, and SS 433. Toward this end, we also investigate the severe effects of gamma-ray absorption that eradicate part of the produced intensity spectra. Furthermore, we explore the jet regions that are most likely to emit unabsorbed gamma-rays capable of reaching detectors on Earth. Our goal is to calculate the integral fluxes before and after absorption for the abovementioned systems and compare the results with the very-high-energy gamma-ray observations of sensitive telescopes such as the MAGIC, H.E.S.S., Fermi-LAT, and so on.

Methods. The implemented gamma-ray emission mechanisms initiate from the p − p scattering process inside the hadron-dominated jets following the well-known shock-wave particle acceleration. In addition, we estimate the optical depths of three absorption processes between gamma-ray photons and (i) accretion disk X-ray emission, (ii) black hole corona photons, and (iii) donor star thermal emission. We also examine the dependence of the absorption optical depths on various parameters, such as the disk’s temperature, coronal radius and, donor star luminosity.

Results. We find that disk absorption is dominant for distances of z < 1010 cm from the black hole, while the donor star absorption dominates for 1010 < z < 1012 cm. Beyond that jet point, the absorption effects become significantly weaker. Cygnus X-1 presents the highest gamma-ray integral flux across the jet length, while GRS 1915+105 emits the least due to its weakly collimated jets. The jets of SS 433 emit gamma-rays only for z > 1010 cm due to severe disk absorption fueled by the system’s super-Eddington accretion limit.
Age and convective core overshooting calibrations in CPD-54 810 binary system
Authors: Valle G. , Dell’Omodarme M. , Prada Moroni P. G. , Degl’Innocenti S.
Published: April 2023

Aims. Relying on recent very precise observations for the CPD-54 810 binary system, we investigate the robustness of the estimated age and convective core overshooting for a system with both stars on the main sequence (MS). Our main aim is to assess the variability in the results, accounting for different statistical and systematic sources of uncertainty.

Methods. We adopt the SCEPtER pipeline, a well-established maximum likelihood technique, based on fine grids of stellar models computed for a different initial chemical composition and convective core overshooting efficiency.

Results. We performed different fits of the system, under different assumptions. The base fit suggests a common age of 3.02 ± 0.15 Gyr, in agreement with recent literature. This estimated convective core overshooting parameter is β = 0.09 ± 0.01, with a corresponding convective core mass $ M_c = 0.059^{+0.017}_{-0.021} $ M⊙. The robustness of these estimates were tested assuming a narrow constraint on the helium-to-metal enrichment ratio, which is in agreement with the recently published results on the Hyades cluster. Under this constraint the chemical solution of the system changes, but the age and the overshooting parameter are almost unchanged ($ 3.08^{+0.17}_{-0.14} $ Gyr and 0.09 ± 0.01). In a further test, we halved the uncertainty as to the effective temperature of both stars and again the estimated parameter shows only small variations (3.02 ± 0.12 Gyr and 0.09 ± 0.01).

Conclusions. This low variability suggests that the age of the system with both stars in the MS can be reliably estimated at a 5% level, but it also indicates that the power of the investigation is probably low, because it is possible to find a satisfactory fit in several different configurations by only varying the initial chemical composition within its uncertainty. Despite the great increase in the observational constraints’ precision, the results support the conclusions of previous theoretical works on the stellar parameter calibration with double MS star binary systems.
Influence of Cu and Sn on the microstructure and properties of antibacterial ferritic stainless steel
Authors: Li Yang , Chen Changyong , Bai Lu , Wang Ju , Wang Qi , Ma Shuai , Jiang Zhouhua
Published: April 2023

The influence of Cu and Sn on the microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and antibacterial properties of 430L ferritic stainless steel has been investigated by using Thermo-Calc calculations, EPMA (electron probe microanalysis), TEM (transmission electron microscopy), and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). Vichers hardness tests, potentiodynamic polarization, and antibacterial tests were also performed. For a copper content of 1.5 wt.%, the results showed that aging treatments at 600 °C, 700 °C and 800 °C are conducive for the precipitation of an ε-Cu phase in the 430L ferritic stainless steel. It was also found that the ε-Cu phase was composed of almost pure Cu (with a the content of 98.6–99.7 wt.%). Thermo-Calc calculations showed that there was only a very small amount of Fe, Cr, and Mn in the ε-Cu phase. Moreover, the ε-Cu phase was found to substantially coarsen with an extension of the aging time. The size of ε-Cu phase increased from a few nanometers to hundreds of nanometers, and the number of ε-Cu phase decreased gradually. Furthermore, the antibacterial rate of the 2# (430L − 1.5 wt.% Cu) and 3# steel (430L − 1.5% Cu − 0.4 wt.% Sn) samples increased significantly with an extension of the aging treatment time, and the antibacterial rate of the 3# steel was higher than that of the 2# steel sample. The antibacterial rate reached as high as 91.60% and 97.37%, respectively, for an aging time of 79,200 s.
A two-stages mathematical model for a Covid-19 vaccination fuzzy scheme and resource allocation in hub locations considering transmission risk and environment factor
Authors: Ghaffari Majid Amir Salar , Kazemzadeh Mobina , Mohammadnazari Zahra , Maleki Parastoo , Aghsami Amir , Jolai Fariborz
Published: April 2023

Tackling with Covid-19 dilemma of vaccine distribution needed a stack of analysis and examination. This paper develops a generalizable framework for designing a hub vaccination dispensing network to achieve expand the Covid-19 vaccination coverage for public. Designing a hub location routing network for vaccine distribution is the main concern for this research. The proposed model hinges on maximum coverage and patients’ safety by considering high-priority population alongside the cost reduction in an uncertain environment. The hub location model enhances the accessibility of the vaccines to various communities and helps to overcome the challenges. The results of this model were examined through both numerical and case studies in the north of Tehran to demonstrate its application. Furthermore, in order to reduce the costs of vaccine imports, vaccine entry routing can be developed from border and air points to the country in order to be able to perform vaccination in the fastest time and lowest cost in the future. The results concede that increasing the number of outreach dispensing locations per hub dispensing location will not necessarily result in increased coverage.
Die Rechtsfragen: Unsicherheiten rund um die Therapiedokumentation
Authors: Schlegel Thomas
Published: April 2023

Therapeut*innen sind dazu verpflichtet, die Therapie zu dokumentieren. Im Rahmen dieser Dokumentationspflicht tauchen verschiedene Fragen auf: Wie ausführlich muss die Dokumentation sein? Wie lange muss sie aufbewahrt werden? Und haben Patient*innen eigentlich das Recht, die Dokumentation einzusehen? Auch in Bezug auf die Aufbewahrung der Daten besteht Unsicherheit.
Beobachten, kommunizieren und steuern – Therapeutisches Beziehungsdreieck
Authors: von Bosse Alexa
Published: April 2023

Der Rehabilitationsprozess von Patientinnen und Patienten mit neurologischen Langzeitschäden ist eine große Herausforderung. Bei zentralnervalen chronischen Schädigungen arbeiten Therapierende mit Patient*innen und pflegenden Angehörigen mitunter über Jahre intensiv zusammen. Alexa von Bosse hat in einer empirischen Studie die Wichtigkeit einer gelingenden Kommunikation und Beziehungsgestaltung in diesem Beziehungsdreieck verdeutlichen können.
Herzenssache – Fast Track in der Herzklappenchirurgie
Authors: Köhler Elisa
Published: April 2023

Aktuell evaluieren zwei deutsche Unikliniken ein von der Bundesregierung gefördertes Fast-Track-Programm in der minimalinvasiven Herzklappenchirurgie. In Hamburg und Augsburg wird unter dem Namen INCREASE erforscht, wie Patient*innen am besten nach ihrer OP genesen. Die intensive interdisziplinäre Betreuung soll die optimale postoperative Rekonvaleszenz und frühe Alltagsaktivität ermöglichen. Die Physiotherapie ist Eckpfeiler im Behandlungsprozess.
Adherence to Colchicine During Pregnancy in Familial Mediterranean
Fever Patients: Reasons for Cessation and Outcomes from a Single-Centre
Experience
Authors: Dogan İsmail , Güven Serdar Can , Karakaş Özlem , Erdoğan Esra Kayacan , Erten Sukran
Published: April 2023

Objective To evaluate the adherence to colchicine treatment during
pregnancy and lactation in our Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) patients and
investigate the reasons for non-adherence and consequences.

Methods Adult female FMF patients who were followed up in our rheumatology
clinic and had a history of pregnancy after the diagnosis of FMF were
consecutively enrolled to this cross-sectional study between November 2021 and
June 2022. Only pregnancies occurring after the diagnosis of FMF were evaluated.
Patients who did not stop using FMF treatment after pregnancy were considered to
adhere to treatment.

Results In 50 patients, a total of 88 pregnancies and 58 live births were
observed after the diagnosis of FMF. 37 (74%) had at least one completed
pregnancy, and 13 (26.0) were pregnant during the study. Among the 37 patients,
34 had at least one live birth. No significant differences were observed when
rates of patients with a history of at least one live birth, abortus, Cesarean
section (C/S), preterm labor, stillbirth, intrauterine anomaly,
congenital malformation and fetal growth retardation were compared between
colchicine users and non-users. 60% of the patients adhered to
colchicine treatment during pregnancy and 73.4% did so while
breastfeeding. The most common reason for colchicine cessation was concerns
regarding potential harm to the fetus (70%), followed by the presumption
that colchicine is contraindicated in pregnancy (15%) as well as absence
of FMF attacks (10%). The most common source of the patients’
opinion was a physician (60%).

Conclusions Both patients and attending physicians should be informed to
be more adherent to colchicine to avoid adverse outcomes and FMF-related
complications.
Enantiocontrolled Connective Synthesis of Allenes by Carbenoid Eliminative Cross-Coupling between α-(Methylthio)vinylcuprate Species and α-(Carbamoyloxy)alkylboronates
Authors: Blakemore Paul R. , Cao Yang
Published: April 2023

A convenient enantiocontrolled synthesis of allenes (R1R2C=C=CHR3, R1 = aryl/alkyl, R2, R3 = alkyl) is described based on carbenoid eliminative cross-coupling (CEXC) between geometrically pure higher-order α-(methylthio)vinylcuprates, generated in situ by carbocupration of thioalkynes (then activation by addition of n-BuLi), and enantioenriched α-(carbamoyloxy)alkylboronates (15 examples, 30–78% yield, 15–95% ee). The stereochemical fidelity of this CEXC process is substrate dependent, a phenomenon tentatively attributed to a putative organocopper-mediated allene racemization pathway.
Electronic Health Record Use and Perceptions among Urologic Surgeons
Authors: Tan Hung-Jui , Chung Arlene E. , Gotz David , Deal Allison M. , Heiling Hillary M. , Teal Randall , Vu Maihan B. , Meeks William D. , Fang Raymond , Bennett Antonia V. , Nielsen Matthew E. , Basch Ethan
Published: April 2023

Objective Electronic health records (EHRs) have become widely adopted with increasing emphasis on improving care delivery. Improvements in surgery may be limited by specialty-specific issues that impact EHR usability and engagement. Accordingly, we examined EHR use and perceptions in urology, a diverse surgical specialty.

Methods We conducted a national, sequential explanatory mixed methods study. Through the 2019 American Urological Association Census, we surveyed urologic surgeons on EHR use and perceptions and then identified associated characteristics through bivariable and multivariable analyses. Using purposeful sampling, we interviewed 25 urologists and applied coding-based thematic analysis, which was then integrated with survey findings.

Results Among 2,159 practicing urologic surgeons, 2,081 (96.4%) reported using an EHR. In the weighted sample (n = 12,366), over 90% used the EHR for charting, viewing results, and order entry with most using information exchange functions (59.0–79.6%). In contrast, only 35.8% felt the EHR increases clinical efficiency, whereas 43.1% agreed it improves patient care, which related thematically to information management, administrative burden, patient safety, and patient–surgeon interaction. Quantitatively and qualitatively, use and perceptions differed by years in practice and practice type with more use and better perceptions among more recent entrants into the urologic workforce and those in academic/multispecialty practices, who may have earlier EHR exposure, better infrastructure, and more support.

Conclusion Despite wide and substantive usage, EHRs engender mixed feelings, especially among longer-practicing surgeons and those in lower-resourced settings (e.g., smaller and private practices). Beyond reducing administrative burden and simplifying information management, efforts to improve care delivery through the EHR should focus on surgeon engagement, particularly in the community, to boost implementation and user experience.
Comparisons of Patients Living Alone versus Living with Others in Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Shibata Yusaku , Kobayashi Nobuaki , Shirakabe Akihiro , Miyauchi Yasushi , Asai Kuniya
Published: April 2023

We aimed to examine the relationship of living arrangements (i.e., living alone or living with others) with background, clinical severity, preintervention culprit lesion plaque morphology, and clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Among 1,683 consecutive patients with ACS, we retrospectively compared patients living alone (n = 318) versus living with others (n = 1,362). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings, which are high-resolution intracoronary imaging devices, were analyzed in patients with preintervention OCT and compared between patients living alone (n = 174) versus those living with others (n = 665).

Older (median; 69 vs. 67 y, p = 0.046) and female (31 vs. 17%, p < 0.001) patients more frequently lived alone. Frequency of achieving a time interval of 6 hours or less from ACS onset to admission was lower in patients living alone (56 vs. 63%, p = 0.022). Clinical presentation was more severe in patients living alone (Killip II/III/IV; 27 vs. 22%, p = 0.029). Plaque morphology evaluated by OCT was similar between groups (plaque rapture; 48 vs. 48%, p = 0.171). Kaplan–Meier analyses revealed higher rates of cardiac mortality during 2-year follow-up period in patients living alone [13.9 vs. 8.5%, hazard ratio (HR) 1.604, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.112–2.313, p = 0.010]. After traditional cardiovascular risk factors and clinical severity upon admission had been adjusted, living alone was an independent predictor of cardiac mortality in ACS patients (HR 1.582, 95% CI 1.056–2.371, p = 0.026). Living alone was independently associated with 2-year cardiacmortality in ACS patients after adjusting for background and presentation and might be unrelated to the development of atherosclerosis.
A Computer-Based Early Intervention for Thai Preschool Children at Risk of Dyslexia: A Pre- and Postintervention Study
Authors: Wannapaschaiyong Prakasit , Vajrabhaya Prakaiwan , Rojmahamongkol Pat , Sutchritpongsa Sureelak
Published: April 2023

Preschool children at risk of dyslexia show inadequate progress in their preliteracy skills; they often perform poorly in the domain of phonological awareness, letter knowledge, and rapid automatized naming. As a result, they tend to fall behind academically, specifically in reading, when they enter primary school. Because time is of the essence, early intervention becomes necessary to provide the best possible preliteracy outcome. To date, there has not been a study that investigates the effectiveness of early intervention in Thai, a language that is typologically and orthographically different from those in previous studies. In this preliminary study, training materials, created with phonological awareness and letter knowledge at the core, were presented via interactive Siriraj Pre-Literacy Enhancement software. In total, 73 typically developing preschoolers, aged 60 to 66 months, were enrolled. Preliteracy skills were measured by Rama Pre-Read (RPR). At-risk children received the 11-week computer-based early intervention training. After the intervention was completed, participants' preliteracy skills were evaluated by RPR (posttest). Sixteen children (21.9%) were at risk of dyslexia. Results after training indicated that preschool at-risk children of dyslexia in Thailand show a high magnitude of improvement in preliteracy skills, across all three domains. The computer-based early intervention to promote preliteracy skills is a feasible and effective form of remediation for Thai children at risk of dyslexia.
Validating the Efficacy of a Stepwise Video Module for Conjunctival Closure
Authors: Nguyen Geoffrey , Palmer Jamie , Levin Moran R. , Swamy Ramya , Alexander Janet
Published: April 2023

Objective The aim of this study is to describe a cost-effective and portable surgical training module for ophthalmology trainees and demonstrate its effectiveness in building confidence and reducing stress with conjunctival closure.

Methods A total of 29 trainees (fourth year medical students, postgraduate year (PGY) 1 ophthalmology residents, PGY2 ophthalmology residents) participated in the module during July 2022. They completed a Pre-Module and Post-Module Questionnaire, with some questions assessing their confidence level and other questions assessing their stress level with conjunctival closure. A Likert scale of 1 to 10 was used to evaluate their level of confidence or stress (with 1 indicating low confidence or low stress and 10 indicating high confidence or high stress).

Results Prior to completing the module, participants had an average conjunctival suturing skills confidence level score of 2.6 ± 1.6, which increased significantly to 5.6 ± 1.6 after completing the module (p < 0.001). Participant's stress level score with performing conjunctival closure on live patients significantly decreased from 7.5 ± 2.4 to 5.6 ± 1.5 (p < 0.001) after completion of the module. When participants were separated into two groups, participants in the PGY1 residents/medical students group had an average conjunctival suturing skills confidence level score of 2.7 ± 1.8, which rose significantly to 5.1 ± 1.5 after completing the module (p = 0.008), whereas PGY2 residents had an average conjunctival suturing skills confidence level score of 2.6 ± 1.6, which rose significantly to 5.8 ± 1.7 after completing the module (p < 0.001). Participant's stress level scores with performing conjunctival closure on live patients did not show significant results in the PGY1 residents/medical students group but significantly decreased from 7.2 ± 2.2 to 5.2 ± 1.3 (p < 0.001) in PGY2 residents. Participants agreed that the video presented was effective for learning the surgical skill and that the module was engaging and prepared them well to learn more advanced conjunctival suturing techniques.

Conclusion Our surgical training module is an effective teaching tool for ophthalmology trainees to increase confidence and decrease stress about performing conjunctiva closure. It provides an opportunity for trainees to repetitively practice key surgical techniques on an inexpensive and reusable training model.
47.1.2.5 Allylic C—H Functionalization
Authors: Wang P.-S. , Sayed M. , Gong L.-Z.
Published: April 2023

The direct functionalization of allylic C(sp3)—H bonds allows alkenes to serve as versatile allylating agents capable of undergoing diverse bond-forming reactions, thereby enabling rapid access to alkene-bearing structural complexity from readily accessible feedstocks. In this review, representative reports on allylic C—H functionalization reactions published since 2013 are summarized by describing six types of allylic C—H activation modes: C—H insertion, hydrogen-atom transfer, concerted metalation/deprotonation (CMD), concerted proton and two-electron transfer (CPTET), base-mediated C—H activation, and oxidative addition to C-H bonds.
47.1.5.6 Synthesis of Functionalized Alkenes by Metal-Catalyzed Coupling of Carbonyls with Alkynes/Allenes
Authors: Lin Z. , Tao R. , Zhao Y.
Published: April 2023

In this review, different coupling methodologies between carbonyls and alkynes or allenes affording highly functionalized alkenes are summarized. Two main strategies are discussed in detail: In the first one, electrophilic carbonyl species are utilized in metal-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions assisted by various reductants such as boranes, silanes, and hydrogen gas. In the second one, nucleophilic carbonyl species are employed in coupling reactions with electrophilic π-allyl intermediates generated in situ, resulting in a formal α-allylation of carbonyls. Various representative examples serve to demonstrate the high versatility of these two general strategies, including applications in the total synthesis of complex natural products. High regio- and stereocontrol can be achieved with excellent yields for most of the selected examples. Reports of decarboxylative coupling and metal-free coupling are also included.
Localization of electrons in the field of impurity atoms on the surface of a nanotube
Authors: Rashba Georgiy I.
Published: April 2023

The localization of electrons in the field of isolated nonmagnetic impurity atoms on the surface of a nanotube is considered. A model of a Gaussian separable impurity potential capable of localizing an electron at any intensity is used. The positions of the local level are found. The positions of the resonances are found, their widths are estimated. It is shown that the positions of the resonances experience oscillations similar to the de Haas–van Alphen oscillations, when changing the radius of the tube.
Investigation of the features of blade processing of steels with ceramic composites based on chromium oxide
Authors: Gevorkyan E. S. , Nerubatskyi V. P. , Vovk R. V. , Zinchenko O. Y. , Komarova H. L. , Voloshyna L. V.
Published: April 2023

An overview of modern cutting ceramic composite materials and possible methods of their production was conducted. An example of the use of composite ceramic materials based on chromium oxide Cr2O3 in blade processing is presented, which makes it possible to improve the quality of processing of the surface layer of steel parts of different hardness. Features of structure formation and properties of the developed cutting material are presented, which, under certain cutting modes, shows higher wear resistance compared to common cutting materials based on aluminum oxide. The effectiveness of dispersed strengthening of the chromium oxide matrix with fine-grained carbides and nitrides of refractory metals is shown.
Diffusion of the hydrogen in nanocrystalline vanadium films
Authors: Grib A. , Vitort M. , Petrushenko S. , Dukarov S.
Published: April 2023

The β → α phase transition and diffusion of the hydrogen in nanocrystalline vanadium films were investigated. Films were deposited onto the glass substrate at the temperature 673 K and at room temperature. Transmission electron microscopy investigations of the structure of films showed that the averaged sizes of vanadium crystallites were 7 and 4 nm, respectively. The derivative of the electrical resistance of the saturated film revealed the broad β → α phase transition about 390 K. The diffusion coefficient of the hydrogen was obtained from the approximation of the time dependence of the increase of the electrical resistance of the non-saturated part of the film by an analytical expression. Values of the diffusion coefficient revealed the strong dependence on the concentration of the hydrogen. At small concentration of the hydrogen, the diffusion coefficient was equal to that in the bulk vanadium. At large concentrations of the hydrogen (above 20 at. %), the diffusion coefficient decreases by a thousand times. The activation energy of diffusion, calculated for samples with the large concentration of the hydrogen, is equal to (44.8 ± 0.8) kJ/mol [(0.464 ± 0.008) eV].
The energy spectrum and low-temperature magnetic properties of the decorated two-leg mixed spin ladder
Authors: Cheranovskii V. O. , Ezerskaya E. V. , Kabatova A. O.
Published: April 2023

The energy spectra and low-temperature magnetic properties of two one-dimensional Heisenberg mixed spin (s = 1, 1/2) systems, namely decorated two-leg mixed spin ladders with the lattice topology of polyacene, are studied. The gapless character of the exact excitation energy spectra for both ladder models has been determined. We found numerically that the model with macroscopic ground state spin S0 has gapped excitations with the spin S > S0. This leads to the appearance of an intermediate plateau in field dependence of magnetization at low temperatures. We have shown that the ladder with equal coupling in legs has the maximal size of this plateau at the same coupling in rungs. For a mixed spin ladder model with Ising interactions in legs, the appearance of two intermediate magnetization plateaus at low temperatures and some values of coupling parameters was shown.
Feature of electric resistance dependence on temperature for hydroxyapatite
Authors: Sokol K. I. , Rokhmistrov D. V.
Published: April 2023

Electrical resistance of hydroxyapatites in an interval from room temperature to 1200 °C have been studied. It is shown that the resistance of hydroxyapatite depends sufficiently from the impurities. To identify the impurities, XRD, IR, MS measurements were carried out. It was established that the electrical resistance of hydroxyapatite is related to the water content in the samples, nitrous substances and carbonate ions located inside of hydroxyapatite crystal lattice. Energy activation of electrical conductivity in hydroxyapatite is calculated.
Allocation of hospital beds on the emergence of new infectious disease: A mathematical model
Authors: Misra A. K. , Maurya Jyoti
Published: April 2023

This paper is concerned to a mathematical model for the management of hospital beds when a new infection emerges in the population with the existing infections. The study of this joint dynamics presents formidable mathematical challenges due to a limited number of hospital beds. We have derived the invasion reproduction number, which investigates the potential of a newly emerged infectious disease to persist when some infectious diseases are already invaded the host population. We have shown that the proposed system exhibits transcritical, saddle-node, Hopf, and Bogdanov–Takens bifurcations under certain conditions. We have also shown that the total number of infected individuals may increase if the fraction of the total number of hospital beds is not properly allotted to the existing and a newly emerged infectious disease. The analytically obtained results are verified with the help of numerical simulations.
Proof that all dissipation rates are only functions of time for transported joint-normal distributions
Authors: Wandel Andrew P.
Published: April 2023

It has previously been proven that the conditional dissipation rate to transport a Gaussian distribution is equal to the mean dissipation rate throughout the variables' space and that only a Gaussian distribution can have a conditional dissipation rate that is only a function of time. This article extends both proofs to a joint-normal distribution for any number of dimensions.
Investigating the dynamics of point helical vortices on a rotating sphere to model tropical cyclones
Authors: Chefranov Sergey G. , Mokhov Igor I. , Chefranov Alexander G.
Published: April 2023

A general exact weak solution to the non-linear equation of the conservation of the absolute vorticity in a thin layer of an incompressible medium on a rotating sphere is proposed. It takes into account the helicity of the point vortices and the non-uniformity of the depth of the layer. This is used to develop a model of the observed interactions of spiral atmospheric vortices. The fusion of two-point helical vortices (HVs) on the rotating sphere is considered. We also analyze the prognostic applicability of the dynamics of the HVs for modeling the abrupt changes observed in the trajectories of tropical cyclones and their landfall in comparison with the traditional approach. The analytical condition for chiral symmetry violation related to the direction of the movement of the center of a helical cyclone is obtained.
Modeling shear thinning polymer flooding using a dynamic viscosity model
Authors: Daripa Prabir , Mishra Rohit
Published: April 2023

Two distinct effects that polymers exhibit are shear thinning and viscoelasticity. The shear thinning effect is important as the polymers used in chemical enhanced oil recovery usually have this property. We propose a novel approach to incorporate shear thinning effect through effective dynamic viscosity of the shear thinning polysolution. The procedure of viscosity calculation of the polysolution, although based on a very basic power law model, is based on empirical coefficients that depend on a spatio-temporally evolving variable, namely, concentration of polymer. Since viscosity calculation is performed in space and time, the results obey correct physics and are more accurate than what exists in the literature. This method has been integrated with an existing method for a Newtonian physics based model of porous media flows. The solver uses a hybrid numerical method developed by Daripa and Dutta [“DFEM-MMOC based EOR code in MATLAB” (2020); P. Daripa and S. Dutta, “Modeling and simulation of surfactant–polymer flooding using a new hybrid method,” J. Comput. Phys. 335, 249–282 (2017); and P. Daripa and S. Dutta, “On the convergence analysis of a hybrid numerical method for multicomponent transport in porous media,” Appl. Numer. Math. 146, 199–220 (2019)]. The above method solves a system of coupled elliptic and transport equations modeling Darcy's law based polymer flooding process using a discontinuous finite element method and a modified method of characteristics. Simulations show (i) competing effects of shear thinning and mobility ratio; (ii) injection conditions, such as injection rate and injected polymer concentration, influence the choice of polymers to optimize cumulative oil recovery; (iii) permeability affects the choice of polymer; (iv) dynamically evolving traveling viscosity waves; and (v) shallow mixing regions of small scale viscous fingers in homogeneous porous media. The overall goal of this study is to develop an effective yet easy approach to make design choices of polymers in any given flooding condition, which has been shown here.
Development status, policy, and market mechanisms for battery energy storage in the US, China, Australia, and the UK
Authors: Sun Jin , Liu Jing , Wang Yangguang , Yuan Huihong , Yan Ze
Published: April 2023

Energy storage plays a crucial role in the safe and stable operation of power systems under high renewable energy penetration. Unlike conventional energy sources, the special physical characteristics of battery energy storage make it challenging to apply in practice. Some countries have been developing battery energy storage for a long time, and it is worthwhile to learn from the policies and market mechanisms for the development of battery energy storage to clear the obstacles for large-scale development and participation in the power market. This study focuses on the current status of battery energy storage, development policies, and key mechanisms for participating in the market and summarizes the practical experiences of the US, China, Australia, and the UK in terms of policies and market mechanisms. Then, the challenges of the current development of battery energy storage are analyzed, and suggestions are made in terms of policies and market mechanisms, so as to provide a reference for the development of battery energy storage in other countries or regions.
A Cdk5-derived peptide inhibits Cdk5/p25 activity and improves neurodegenerative phenotypes
Authors: Pao Ping-Chieh , Seo Jinsoo , Lee Audrey , Kritskiy Oleg , Patnaik Debasis , Penney Jay , Raju Ravikiran M. , Geigenmuller Ute , Silva M. Catarina , Lucente Diane E. , Gusella James F. , Dickerson Bradford C. , Loon Anjanet , Yu Margaret X. , Bula Michael , Yu Melody , Haggarty Stephen J. , Tsai Li-Huei
Published: April 2023

Aberrant activity of cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk5) has been implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases. This deleterious effect is mediated by pathological cleavage of the Cdk5 activator p35 into the truncated product p25, leading to prolonged Cdk5 activation and altered substrate specificity. Elevated p25 levels have been reported in humans and rodents with neurodegeneration, and the benefit of genetically blocking p25 production has been demonstrated previously in rodent and human neurodegenerative models. Here, we report a 12-amino-acid-long peptide fragment derived from Cdk5 (Cdk5i) that is considerably smaller than existing peptide inhibitors of Cdk5 (P5 and CIP) but shows high binding affinity toward the Cdk5/p25 complex, disrupts the interaction of Cdk5 with p25, and lowers Cdk5/p25 kinase activity. When tagged with a fluorophore (FITC) and the cell-penetrating transactivator of transcription (TAT) sequence, the Cdk5i-FT peptide exhibits cell- and brain-penetrant properties and confers protection against neurodegenerative phenotypes associated with Cdk5 hyperactivity in cell and mouse models of neurodegeneration, highlighting Cdk5i’s therapeutic potential.