bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXTRACTION OF 4H-PYRAN-4-ONE, 2,3- DIHYDRO -6-METHYL-, AN ALTERNATIVE ANTIFUNGAL AGENT, FROM SCHIZOPHYLLUM COMMUNE: OPTIMIZATION AND KINETIC STUDY
Authors: Teoh Yi Peng , Mat Don Mashitah Mat Don
Published: March 2024

4H-pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl- (DDMP) was believed as a promising alternative in term antifungal activity towards fungal attack in rubberwood. Solid-liquid extraction is performed from basidiomycetes fungus Schizophyllum commune in methanol-water solvent, in order to obtain valuable antifungal agent. Statistical optimization was employed to optimize the extraction condition for maximal total flavonoid content (TFC) and DDMP productivity. The optimum conditions were 70.75% (v/v) methanol, 29 °C, and 145 rpm. The optimization studies were verified and the experimental data fitted well to the selected models with error percentage less than 1%. The extraction kinetics was theninvestigated using Parabolic diffusion model, Power law model, Peleg’s model, and Elovich’smodel. All empirical models gave a good fit to the experimental data (R2 > 0.9), in which the Power law model having the highest R2 and lowest RMSD values.
Agritourism as an instrument of improving rural communities’ livelihood in Ghana : a case study of Adjeikrom community
Authors:   , Kwabiah Alexander
Published: March 2024

In spite of the tremendous potential of agritourism resources in these locations, rural farming communities in Ghana continue to be underdeveloped. Utilizing these agritourism resources can help the economy of these areas to become more diverse and improve the people's quality of life by lowering poverty levels. This research aims to provide answers to this topic as well as new information about the growth of agritourism and its effects on the enhancement of rural livelihood in Adjeikrom. This study took the form of a case study, mixed research design was adopted. A questionnaire and an interview guide were used to collect primary data from a sample of one hundred respondents based on multi-stage and simple random sampling techniques. The data was collected within the Adjeikrom community. The statistical programme, SPSS version 24.0 was used to analyse the data. The result of the study revealed that the local community in Adjeikrom has benefited from agritourism initiatives in that through tourism, the community has been empowered, boreholes have been provided and there have been cultural exchanges as a result of host-guest interactions. The study revealed that there was high start-up capital for the local people and stakeholders. With regards to measures towards improving the appropriate development of Agritourism in the area, the expectation is that there should be a commitment on the part of all stakeholders to the improvement of livelihood in the community so as to alleviate poverty. For agritourism to contribute more towards the creation of job opportunities, entrepreneurial skills and income generation, it is recommended that the government through the Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture strengthens partnerships with the local business sector, the local community in general and all other stakeholders, as well as the policy-makers to ensure a faster integrated tourism development process, thereby allowing stakeholder engagements and training activities.
Rewards and recognition of employee performance as a motivating factor at a selected university in South Africa
Authors:   , Mungroo Sheinna
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to investigate the reward and recognition of employee performance as a motivating factor at the University of KwaZulu-Natal. This phenomenon is widely popular and has become the basis of many research studies undertaken by well renowned Academics. Their studies have proven successful and formed the basis of many other studies. However, research studies into the rewards and recognition of employee performance as a motivating factor has been limited in the Higher Education Sector. The purpose of the study was, therefore, to examine the nature and relationship of rewards, recognition and employee performance as a motivating factor on a target population of academic and professional services staff members. The study was conducted at the University of KwaZulu-Natal delimited to the College of Law and Management studies with a sample respondent size of 169 academic and professional services staff members and 8 academic leaders. The researcher had undertaken a mixed methods research study and administered structured close-ended questionnaires and structured open-ended interview schedules. Data was collected and analysed with SPSS statistical package (Version 25) and NVivo then compared against previous literature. Limitations in the study included the Covid-19 pandemic and lockdown—which made it impossible to physically meet with the participants. Thus, simple random sampling technique without replacement was used to select the representative sample for the quantitative aspect and purposive non-probability sampling will be used for the qualitative aspect. The study was delimited to the academic and professional services employees of a particular College. The findings resulted in a positive correlation between key variables, Rewards, Recognition and Employee Performance. This means that employee’s performance at work is motivated by rewards and recognition. If these components are missing, the employee will not be motivated to perform. However, the researcher recommended further study undertakings in the area so that a basis of comparative literature and a holistic framework be established for future reference.
Institutional Determinants for Developing Corporate Crowdfunding
Authors: POHULAK-ZOLEDOWSKA Elzbieta
Published: March 2024

This article focuses on the regulation of investment crowdfunding as a key criterion for the dynamic but safe development of this form of business financing. The intensive, uncontrolled development of innovation in financial markets generally leads to irregularities (fraud, abuse, crises). In turn, excessive and restrictive regulation can act as a brake on the development of financial innovation. Due to the subject matter of the study, which is the regulation of equity crowdfunding as well as equity crowdfunding itself, the methodology of the study consists primarily of research of source data available online. A literature review of the regulation of innovation in financial services was conducted. This includes the identification and review of academic articles, research reports, books, industry publications and other authoritative sources. This synthesis of information helps to define an appropriate benchmark for the regulation of European crowdfunding, identifying patterns and challenges for effective, pro-development regulation. Author presents the equity crowdfunding regulations of the US and the UK – the world’s number 1 and 2 crowdfunding markets – as a benchmark for the proposed pan-European regulations. The features of the common European rules seem to meet the requirements. And the increase of the funding amount to EUR 5 million opens up completely new possibilities for equity crowdfunding.
The Financial Implications of Tobacco Pricing in the European Union Countries
Authors: Rosinski Rafal
Published: March 2024

This study examines the fiscal implications of tobacco taxation in European Union (EU) nations, focusing on its impact on budgetary revenue. Utilizing official reports from the European Commission and the World Health Organization (WHO), the empirical analysis reveals that higher excise taxes on tobacco significantly contribute to total tax revenue, particularly in EU member states where tobacco prices are comparatively lower. Notably, ‘old EU’ countries tend to impose higher average tax rates on cigarettes, while ‘new EU’ nations demonstrate a higher overall tax burden when considering the share of taxes embedded in the cigarette prices. The findings suggest a pattern of tax harmonization, leading to a substantial upsurge in tobacco taxation for new EU members, with future prospects indicating further convergence in tobacco tax policies.
Identification of Factors Determining the Value of a Site for A Photovoltaic Farm: Analysis of Key Aspects
Authors: LUKASZEWSKI Tomasz
Published: March 2024

Site selection for a large-scale photovoltaic farm is a key investment decision made by development companies, significantly affecting the future success or failure of the project. Allocation of limited resources should be preceded by a multi-faceted analysis of pre-selected sites in order to select the optimal one. The evaluation should take into account all relevant economic, environmental, social, infrastructure and other criteria affecting the selection. Therefore, there is a need to develop a dedicated model for evaluating locations for their suitability and attractiveness for the construction of large-scale photovoltaic farms.
KUNJUNGAN POSYANDU TERHADAP KUNJUNGAN BEROBAT DI PUSKESMAS KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Febriawati Henni , Angraini Wulan , Yandrizal Yandrizal , Sarkawi Sarkawi
Published: March 2024

Posyandu adalah kegiatan yang dikelola dari, oleh, untuk masyarakat yang berguna untuk memberdayakan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana pelaksanaan posyandu di Kota Bengkulu untuk memberdayakan masyarakat. Metode penelitian  metode kualitatif  dan desain penelitian analitik pendekatan observasional cross sectional untuk metode kuantitatif dengan uji hipotesis.  Posyandu terbanyak ada di Puskesmas Nusa Indah berjumlah 17 unit posyandu dan posyandu paling sedikit di Puskesmas Bentiring dengan 5 unit Posyandu. Posyandu aktif dari swadaya masyarakat 59 unit (26,94 %) dari 219 posyandu. Di Kota Bengkulu sebagian besar selalu melakukan kunjungan posyandu (89,1 %), di Kota Bengkulu masyarakat yang melakukan kunjungan posyandu tidak berobat ke puskesmas (59,7), analisis hubungan antara kunjungan posyandu dengan kunjungan pengobatan puskesmas sebanyak 247 (60 %) tidak melakukan pengobatan dan berobat sebanyak 167 (40 %) yang berarti ada pengaruh antara kunjungan posyandu dengan kunjungan pengobatan di Puskesmas. Kunjungan masyarakat ke Posyandu dapat mencegah penyakit tertentu, sehingga berdampak dan berhubungan dengan kunjungan pengobatan ke Puskesmas di Kota Bengkulu.
DETERMINAN IBU TERHADAP KEJADIAN PERNIKAHAN DINI DI KECAMATAN ILIR TALO KABUPATEN SELUMA
Authors: Sari Lezi Yovita
Published: March 2024

Latar Belakang Pernikahan dini merupakan suatu pernikakan yang dilakukan oleh seseorang yang relatif muda. Umur yang relatif muda yang dimaksud tersebut adalah usia pubertas yaitu usia antara 10-19 tahun. Dan dari hasil pengkajian didapatkan bahwa di Kecamatan Ilir Talo Kabupaten Seluma Provinsi Bengkulu  kejadian pernikahan dini mengalami peningkatan pada tahun 2019-2020 dari 56 menjadi 82. Banyaknya kejadian pernikahan pada usia muda yaitu usia dibawah 19 tahun yang merupakan salah satu permasalahan yang berkaitan dengan sistem reproduksi pada remaja yang sangat memerlukan perhatian khusus. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui determinan ibu yang berhubungan dengan kejadian pernikahan dini di Kecamatan Ilir Talo Kabupaten Seluma Provinsi Bengkulu Tahun 2021 antara lain adalah  faktor umur, pendidikan, pekerjaan ibu dan budaya.

Metode:Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan jenis rancangan penelitian yaitu Cross Sectional. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 50 responden dengan penentuan sampel menggunakan total sampling.

Hasil:Pengolahan data dianalisis secara univariat dengan persentase dan bivariat dengan menggunakan uji statistik chi square dengan tingkat kemaknaan 0,05. Berdasarkan analisis hasil penelitian menunjukan faktor yang berhubungan dengan pernikahan dini adalah pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan ibu dan budaya.

Simpulan: Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan, bagi pihak KUA Kecamatan Ilir Talo khususnya orangtua (keluarga) dapat meningkatkan dukungan dan kepedulian terhadap generasi muda agar menjadi lebih baik dimasa yang akan datang.  

 

Kata Kunci: Pernikahan Dini, Umur Ibu, Pendidikan Ibu, Pekerjaan Ibu, Budaya.
ANALISIS PERILAKU PETUGAS PENGELOLA SAMPAH MEDIS DENGAN KEPUASAN PASIEN DI RSUD TAIS KABUPATEN SELUMA
Authors: Fitrizah Miki Kurnia , Novitasari Deltari
Published: March 2024

 

ABSTRAK

Penanganan akhir sampah medis oleh RSUD Tais Kabupaten Seluma dilakukan dengan pembakaran biasa dan tidak dipisahkan dengan sampah non medis (sampah domestik) serta dilakukan di tempat terbuka dan berlokasi tidak jauh dari ruangan pasien dirawat. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan polusi dan penurunan kualitas udara akibat asap yang ditimbulkan dari proses pembakaran, dan bisa menimbulkan ketidaknyamanan bagi pasien maupun keluarga pasien. Desain penelitian secara kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel pada peneilitian ini adalah pasien RSUD Tais Kabupaten Seluma. Hasil penelitian adanya hubungan perilaku petugas sampah medis dengan kepuasan pasien di RSUD Tais Kabupaten Seluma. Berdasarkan hasil yang didapatkan setelah melakukan penelitian, sebagian pasien mengatakan puas dengan keadaan lingkungan Rumah sakit yang bersih. semakin baik mutu pelayanan kesehatan maka semakin tinggi kepuasan pasien dan sebaliknya. Pengelolaan sampah medis yang memenuhi syarat akan menciptakan mutu rumah sakit yang baik. Diharapkan petugas sampah medis diberikan pelatihan kerja terkait sistem keamanan kerja agar meningkatkan hasil kerja yang optimal sehingga dapat meningkatkan kepuasan pasien khususnya di RSUD Tais Kabupaten Seluma.

Kata Kunci : Perilaku, Kepuasan

 

ABSTRACT

The final handling of medical waste by the Tais Hospital in Seluma Regency is carried out by burning normally and not separated from non-medical waste (domestic waste) and is carried out in an open area and located not far from the patient's room being treated. This can cause pollution and a decrease in air quality due to the smoke generated from the combustion process, and can cause inconvenience to the patient and the patient's family. Quantitative research design with a cross sectional approach. The sample in this study were patients at Tais General Hospital, Seluma Regency. The results of the study show that there is a relationship between the behavior of medical waste workers and patient satisfaction at Tais Hospital, Seluma Regency. Based on the results obtained after conducting the research, some patients said they were satisfied with the clean hospital environment. the better the quality of health services, the higher patient satisfaction and vice versa. Medical waste management that meets the requirements will create a good quality hospital. It is hoped that medical waste officers will be given job training related to work safety systems in order to increase optimal work results so that they can increase patient satisfaction, especially at Tais Hospital, Seluma Regency.
Key Word: Behaviour, Satisfy
HUBUNGAN KADAR ZAT BESI SERUM DENGAN KONSENTRASI ZAT BESI ASI IBU MENYUSUI DI KABUPATEN SELUMA
Authors: Ariana Rika , Flora Rostika , Sitorus Rico Januar , Zulkarnain Mohammad , Hasyim Hamzah , Fajar Nur Alam , Ermi Nurmalia , Jasmine Annisah Biancika , Aguscik Aguscik , Ikhsan Ikhsan , Slamet Samwilson , Purnama Yetti , Sulung Neshy
Published: March 2024

Background: Maternal iron status affects infant neurocognitive development. When the maternal iron intake and status are disturbed, it can lead to iron deficiency which can lead to anemia if not treated.  Anemia in breastfeeding mothers has a negative impact on the quality and volume of breast milk, including the availability of iron in breast milk. This study aims to analyze the relationship between serum iron levels and breast milk iron concentration in breastfeeding mothers in Seluma Regency. Methods: This study was an analytic survey, cross-sectional design, conducted in Seluma Regency in 4 (four) public health center working areas, namely Rimbo Kedui Public Health Center, Talang Tinggi, Tais, and Masmambang. Respondents were 124 breastfeeding mothers of children aged 0-24 months who were taken by proportional consecutive sampling. Venous blood and breast milk samples were collected for iron level measurement. Iron measurement was done using the spectrophotometric method. Data on characteristics were obtained using a questionnaire. Furthermore, the data were analyzed univariately and bivariately. Results: The results of measuring iron levels showed that 38.7% of mothers had iron deficiency and 15.3% of mothers had low breast milk iron levels. The bivariate test results showed 25% of mothers who experienced iron deficiency had low breast milk iron levels. (p=0.034, OR= 3.28; CI= 1.190-9.071). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between serum iron levels and breast milk iron levels in breastfeeding mothers. It is necessary to educate mothers regarding the prevention of iron deficiency during pregnancy and breastfeeding so that the quantity of breast milk iron can meet the needs of children during breastfeeding

Keyword : Breast milk, Iron Deficiency, Breast milk Iron Level, Iron
Algoritmit, infrastruktuurit ja etiikan rajat – näkökulmia tekoälyn poliittiseen talouteen vuonna 2024
Authors: Saari Leevi
Published: March 2024

Tekoälyn yhteiskunnalliset vaikutukset ovat yksi aikamme merkittävimmistä kysymyksistä. Aihetta koskevaa tutkimusta on tehty viime vuosina monilla eri tieteenaloilla. Kuitenkin erityisesti poliittisen talouden rooli näissä keskusteluissa on jäänyt usein sivuosaan. Tässä katsausartikkelissa esitetään teoreettisesti jäsennelty katsaus eräistä poliittisen talouden tutkimuksen kannalta olennaisista tekoälypolitiikan ulottuvuuksista. Katsaus ohjaa kotimaista poliittisen talouden tutkimusta kohti ajankohtaisia käsitteellisiä ja empiirisiä kysymyksenasetteluja.
TUGAS POKOK DAN FUNGSI KANTOR CAMAT KAYAN HILIR KABUPATEN SINTANG
Authors: Syamsudin Martinus
Published: March 2024

The problem studied in this research is the implementation of the main duties and functions of the Kayan Hilir sub-district head, Sintang Regency. The aim to be achieved in this research is to find out, describe and analyze the implementation of the main duties and functions of the sub-district head with this research method using descriptive research. The subjects in the sub-district head, section heads, research techniques used in data collection were observation, interviews and documentation studies with data analysis using qualitative descriptive analysis methods. The results of this research show that the Coordination Function has been carried out in accordance with the theory of internal coordination, namely coordination from the leadership in order to coordinate the implementation of the main tasks of the District Government. The coaching function of the Kayan Hilir Subdistrict Head has been carried out by providing guidance to the apparatus in carrying out work. The Community Service function, which is the implementation of the village government's main task in serving the community, has been carried out.
BENEFÍCIOS DOS ÁCIDOS GRAXOS ÔMEGA-3 NO PROCESSO DE CICATRIZAÇÃO
Authors: Freitas Juliana Almeida Rossi de
Published: March 2024

A nutrição clínica através de diversos estudos busca evidenciar quais benefícios os nutrientes podem trazer a saúde dos indivíduos. O tema deste trabalho é de suma relevância para que os profissionais de saúde possam se empenhar por uma melhoria na qualidade dos cuidados prestados aos pacientes portadores de lesões cutâneas e a prevenção das mesmas. O presente estudo, realizado por meio de uma extensa revisão bibliográfica tem por objetivo, evidenciar a influência do ômega 3 na modulação à resposta inflamatória, uma vez que as pesquisas sobre este nutriente e o delineamento de seus efeitos podem trazer novos horizontes no tratamento de lesões cutâneas, com otimização na cicatrização. Os ácidos graxos ômega 3, que são essenciais, e do tipo poli-insaturados, apresentam efeitos importantes na minimização dos processos inflamatórios, pois reduzem a síntese de derivados do ácido araquidônico, diminuindo a formação de eicosanóides pró-inflamatórios, propiciando a produção das séries com menor capacidade inflamatória. O processo de cicatrização compreende três fases, a inflamatória ou exsudativa, proliferativa e regenerativa. Para que se tenha uma resposta satisfatória na cicatrização e regeneração tecidual, é necessário que haja uma reação inflamatória, porém os processos inflamatórios inapropriados ou excessivos podem agravar uma lesão, fazendo com que a mesma persista, retardando ou prejudicando o processo de cicatrização. Uma vez que o consumo de ácido graxo ômega 3 está de acordo com as recomendações diárias, conclui se que os efeitos pró inflamatórios do processo de cicatrização podem ser atenuados, resultando em uma reparação tecidual satisfatória.
OBSERVAÇÃO TEMPORAL (2011-2021) DO ASPECTO EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DA SÍFILIS CONGÊNITA NO MUNICÍPIO DO NORTE DO ESTADO DA BAHIA
Authors: Nascimento Sidrayton Pereira do , Pires Itamara Macedo , Queiroz Igor Zarpellon Campelo de , Gugel Andrigo , Silva Layra Figueredo da , Oliveira Rubenita Ferreira de Sales , Sá Laura Monique Gomes e , Souza Paulo Marcilio Araújo de , Leandro Delaide Marinho , Bacelar Giannia Lima , Camacam Matheus Fernandes Ribeiro , Santos Cyllo Yago de Miranda Hamilton Cerqueira , Leal Dymitri Domingos Feitosa , Guimarães Artur de Brito
Published: March 2024

A sífilis congênita é a infecção do feto pelo Treponema pallidum, transmitida por via placentária, em qualquer momento da gestação ou estágio clínico da doença em gestante não tratada ou inadequadamente tratada, ocasionando consequência graves a gestação e concepto  como parto prematuro, baixo peso ao nascer, aborto espontâneo, morte fetal. O objetivo deste estudo é realizar uma análise do perfil epidemiológico de sífilis congênita no município de Juazeiro, localizado no Norte do estado da Bahia, considerando o período de 2011 a 2021. Método é uma pesquisa retrospectiva, exploratória, transversal e descritiva, com dados secundários obtidos através do Departamento de Informática do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) realizado no município de Juazeiro, estado da Bahia, localizado na Mesorregião do Vale do São Franciscano. Embora a sífilis congênita seja uma doença de notificação compulsória no Brasil desde 1986 (Portaria nº 542, de 22/12/86 – Ministério da Saúde), foram notificados ao Ministério da Saúde, no período de 2011-2021) na Bahia, 10.345 casos, dentre eles, (48,1%) referente ao sexo feminino, (43,8%) ao sexo masculino; onde 97,3%, tiveram o diagnóstico em até 6 dias de nascido;35,4% das genitoras apresentavam ensino fundamental 2; 92,6% possuía a raça parda, 258 (86,9%) pacientes notificada em Juazeiro tiveram o diagnóstico de sífilis durante a gravidez e apenas 45,1% tiveram os seus parceiros tratados. Demonstrando que em consequência da incidência de sífilis congênita sugere falhas na assistência pré-natal e indica serem necessárias novas estratégias para reduzir a transmissão vertical da doença.
La sécurité du Cloud et de l’Edge Networking
Authors: HADDADOU Kamel , PUJOLLE Guy
Published: March 2024

Ce chapitre est dévolu à la sécurité dans l’Edge et le Cloud Networking. Il s’intéresse aux Clouds de sécurité puis à l’utilisation des nouvelles générations de cartes SIM. Il regarde également ce que la blockchain peut apporter à la sécurité du Cloud. Enfin, il étudie diverses solutions, en particulier l’utilisation de HSM (Hardware Security Module), pour sécuriser l’Edge et le Cloud Networking.
Cloud et Edge Networking des opérateurs
Authors: HADDADOU Kamel , PUJOLLE Guy
Published: March 2024

Ce chapitre introduit le Cloud et l’Edge des réseaux 5G. Après une description de la 5G, il analyse le Cloud RAN (Radio Access Network) et les centres de données MEC (Multi-access Edge Computing). Le chapitre se termine par une description du cœur de réseau de la 5G avec les techniques de slicing.
Inégalités géographiques dans l’analyse de la mobilité urbaine
Authors: LE NÉCHET Florent
Published: March 2024

Ce chapitre discute à deux échelles des inégalités géographiques dans l’analyse de la mobilité urbaine. Il constate, d’une part, que l’importance accordée à l’analyse de la mobilité est très inégale d’une ville à l’autre et ne dépend pas que d’effets de taille de ville. Il note, d’autre part, que l’étude de la mobilité quotidienne est révélatrice d’une diversité de modèles d’action publique.
L’infrastructure de la marche : le cas des trottoirs de Mexico
Authors: PÉREZ LÓPEZ Ruth , MONNET Jérôme , CAPRON Guénola
Published: March 2024

Ce chapitre s'intéresse aux trottoirs, à partir du cas de Mexico. Considérés par les pouvoirs publics comme un support de la circulation des piétons, les trottoirs présentent pourtant une diversité de fonctions et de configurations spatiales. Permettre une variété d’usages sur les trottoirs, c’est faire de la place aux usagers vulnérables : enfants, personnes âgées, ou ceux dont la survie dépend des ressources de la rue.
Des milliers d’années de relations entre l’homme et le chien mises en lumière par la génomique
Authors: OLLIVIER Morgane
Published: March 2024

Domestiqué dans l’hémisphère nord depuis au moins 25 000 ans à partir du loup, le chien a évolué depuis du fait de l’intensification de ses relations avec l’Homme dans sa capacité à communiquer avec lui, en s’adaptant à un régime alimentaire riche en amidon et par une diversification des races. Les mutations génétiques responsables de ces évolutions sont progressivement révélées.
Les volailles domestiquées : des histoires éclairées par la génomique
Authors: TIXIER-BOICHARD Michèle , ROGNON Xavier , BED’HOM Bertrand
Published: March 2024

110 milliards d'oiseaux sont élevés annuellement dans le monde pour notre consommation dont la poule, la pintade et la dinde domestiquées respectivement il y a 8000 ans en Asie du Sud-Est, moins de 5000 ans en Afrique et 2000 ans en Amérique du Nord. De nombreux gènes potentiellement associés à leur domestication ont été identifiés par différentes approches moléculaires.
Autonomous Navigation for a Lunar Satellite
Authors: Chen Sui , Topputo Francesco
Published: March 2024

Recent technological advancement and the commercialisation of the space sector have led to a significant surge in the development of space missions for deep-space exploration. In particular, lunar exploration has garnered heightened interest within the space community, driven by the prospect of substantial benefits and applications. This includes utilisation of lunar resources, lunar geology investigation and in-space technology demonstration. Currently, lunar missions mainly rely on Earth ground-based Guidance, Navigation and Control (GNC) operations involving human-in-the-loop processes. Although reliable, the ground-based navigation approach is prone to prolonged periods of communication delay, lacking real-time capabilities and autonomy. In addition, the booming growth of users in space will inevitably lead to saturation of ground slots, hindering the progression of space exploration. Reducing the dependence on ground operation by developing on-board autonomous navigation methods represents a potential solution for future lunar missions. 
Achieving fully autonomous navigation for deep-space applications is a relatively new field of study. Lunar missions such as LUMIO and CubeX have been recently proposed and developed to demonstrate the feasibility of autonomous deep-space navigation based on optical images and X-ray pulsar measurements respectively. Although optical navigation represents the most mature technology for autonomous navigation, it typically results in low navigation accuracy when relying solely on optical measurements.
In this work, autonomous navigation based on X-ray pulsar measurements will be investigated for a lunar-orbiting satellite. Three pulsars B0531+21, B1937+21 and B1821-24 are used as the navigation beacons and the satellite’s position can be derived from their signal timing measurements. An extended Kalman filter is used for state prediction and correction of the lunar satellite. A dynamic model is derived considering the main perturbations present in lunar orbits, including J2, J3, solar radiation pressure and third-body effects from the Earth and the Sun. Simulation results show that the position estimation can be achieved with a 3σ accuracy below 1km. The promising results demonstrate the capability of estimating the position of lunar satellites without relying on ground support. The significance of this study is anticipated to foster greater confidence in the implementation of X-ray pulsar based navigation, representing a foundational progression towards achieving fully autonomous navigation for lunar missions in the future.
Automated Extraction of Roads Traffic Flow from Open Google Maps Data
Authors: Althuwaynee Omar Faisal Salih , Marchesini Ivan , Guzzetti Fausto , Rossi Mauro , Melillo Massimo , Salvati Paola , Donnini Marco , Bucci Francesco
Published: March 2024

This study explores the practical utilization of open data to analyze and improve urban transportation systems, focusing on leveraging real-time Google Traffic maps (GTM) data for automatic extraction of road traffic delay patterns.
The research began by defining the study area geographically for data extraction from open street maps. A specialized extraction procedure, executed via the "r.tikrit" R code deployed on a server, tailored extraction intervals considering server constraints and area dimensions. The resulting traffic delay values were transformed into a spatial object table, enabling Geographic Information System (GIS) data analysis and visualization. The dataset, stored as daily tabular records, with hourly data input, accompanied by contextual raster images, facilitated comprehensive analysis. 
The methodological framework comprises three primary phases: firstly, defining the study area and segmenting roads; secondly, setting up the r.tikrit code; and thirdly, conducting data analysis and extracting traffic flow patterns. Throughout the developmental phases, Generative AI tools played a pivotal role as assistants, aiding in the development of analysis codes, streamlining the extraction process, and facilitating the literature survey.
Subsequent research phases involved testing multiple applications: 1)Traffic Flow and Commuting Delay: Calculating traffic delay, peak hours and roads congestion situation 2) Spatial-Temporal Semi-Stationary Traffic Flow: Identifying unusual delays in selected roads segments that might be linked to external factors like accidents or natural hazards. 3) Traffic Flow Delay - Rainfall Relationship: Evaluating the impact of rainfall events on traffic networks and traffic delay.
The approach's strength lies in its ability to generate high-resolution spatial and temporal road traffic delay data continuously. However, acknowledging inherent limitations of Google Traffic maps—such as inactive roads and discrepancies with open street maps—is vital. Despite these limitations, This methodology serves as an indispensable tool for researchers aiming to gain comprehensive insights into the complex status of urban traffic congestion patterns. Furthermore, it facilitates extended research into understanding the correlations between urban traffic and the ambient environment, enabling a deeper exploration of their impacts.
Identifying Horizontal Convective Rolls
Authors: Gorst Isabelle , Stein Thorwald , Clark Peter , Bennett Lindsay , Hanley Kirsty
Published: March 2024

Horizontal convective rolls (HCRs) are counter-rotating vortices in the boundary layer with a vertical extent of 1-2 km and a downstream extent of up to 1000 km.  There are updraft regions that transport moist surface air upwards into the boundary layer and downdraft regions that force dry air down. The formation of cloud streets can occur above the updraft regions as the moist air is cooled as it is carried aloft.  Due to the lack of instrumentation, boundary layer structures are difficult to observe and are not represented well by models but are important for the initiation of convection.  Deep convection is unable to occur until inversions are eroded.  Inversions prevent the growth of convection and create a cap to convection.  
Radar imagery can be used to identify boundary layer structures. HCRs can be identified on plan position indicator (PPI) scans when the radar remains at the same elevation angle but the azimuth angle changes.  The PPI scans show HCRs as parallel lines of enhanced reflectivity in the updraft regions. Insects actively resist upward vertical motion so there is a higher concentration in the updraft regions therefore there is a higher reflectivity in the updraft regions compared to the downdraft regions.
Radial velocity PPI scans show the component of the wind in the direction the radar is pointed. Radial velocity data can be used to plot Velocity-Azimuth displays (VAD) which are used to derive the mean wind speed and direction.  VAD plots can be used to identify HCRs following the method by Banghoffet al. (2020) where a measure of the variance is used to differentiate between different convective structures.  This method still requires manual inspection to differentiate between the presence of HCRs, convective cells and a null case (a case with disorganised convection).  This project aims to measure the wavelength of HCRs but first needs to identify HCRs cases.  Knowing the wavelength is important as it allows us to compare the size of HCRs with those represented in the models.
This project uses data from radars based in southern England, taken over a period of several months, to identify boundary layer structures such as HCRs.  The data is provided every 10 minutes and signals are typically seen out to ranges between 20-40 km from the radar depending on the boundary layer depth.  The radar data will be used to measure the spacing between the HCRs (the distance between the updrafts) and their orientation.
Hydrodynamic modelling of bubble interactions inside conduits: insights for volcanic eruption behaviour
Authors: Baruah Amiya , Hazarika Pallab Jyoti , Mandal Nibir
Published: March 2024

Volatile species in magma forms a discrete bubbles phase in large concentrations due to ascent assisted decompression within volcanic conduits. The evolution of the bubbles within the conduit is important to understand contrasting style of volcanic eruptions. Existing studies converge that such population of dynamic bubbles can generate three different styles of two-phase flow, namely: bubbly, slug and annular flows inside a conduit. In this study, we report findings from analogue experiments and control-volume based level-set method to investigate the mechanism of mechanical interaction of closely spaced bubbles during their ascent trajectory. Our findings suggest that mutual interaction is responsible for controlling theirdeformation, coalescence and post-coalescence break-up processes. The results of numerical simulation show that two consecutive bubbles can suffer contrasting pattern of deformations before their coalescence. We found that the leading bubble gets flattened across the flow direction, while the trailing bubble takes an elongated shape in harmony with the flow direction inside the conduit. Our model emphasizes the relative importance of the two rheological factors: density (ρ*) and viscosity (µ*) ratios with the ambient magma in determining the outcome of the transportation behaviour. We observed that upward velocity of the bubbles is more sensitive to ρ* when compared with µ*. Importantly, from our results it is possible toestimate the optimum spacing between two in-axis bubbles required for initiating any hydrodynamic interaction. We found that a threshold separation of ~ 1.5 (non-dimensionalized with the bubble size) is necessary for bubble coalescence. Extension of this analysis also allows us to predict that a ~50% bubble volume of the total magmatic system is essential for generating large bubbles, that can perhaps be considered as onset of slug flow inside a conduit. Furthermore, time series analysis of these models suggest that such larger bubbles will eventually get fragmented to produce smaller bubbles.
Trend analysis of reference evapotranspiration: Does the original, downscaled ERA5 Land reanalysis dataset have the potential to bridge the gap in agrometeorological data for North African basins?
Authors: Ouassanouan Youness , Kharrou Mohamed Hakim , Simonneaux Vincent , Fakir Younes , Ait Hssaine Bouchra , Baba Mohamed Wassim , El Hachimi Chouaib , Sourp Laura , Chehbouni Abdelghani
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A reliable estimate of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) requires several meteorological inputs, which may be unavailable in regions with limited data availability. In this regard, this study aimed to address the following objectives: First, to evaluate the effectiveness of ERA5_L weather forecasts in providing daily agrometeorological variables for the period 2003-2021 at 10 study sites distributed over both plain and mountainous areas in a North African basin. Second, to investigate whether downscaling the ERA5_L data (10 km) to station scale (250 m) using a quasi-physical based model, MicroMet, could improve the reliability of the meteorological variables. Third, to compare the performance of the original ERA5_L reanalysis data and the disaggregated ERA5_L data (MicroMet) as potential sources for accurate estimation of ET0 on a daily time scale. Finally, to assess the long-term spatiotemporal changes in ET0 across the Tensift basin over the period 1950-2021, and, the influence of climate variables and topography on ET0 variability. The findings of the study revealed that the original ERA5_L estimates of air temperature (Tair) were the most accurate among the studied variables, followed by solar radiation (Rs), relative humidity (RH), and wind speed (u2). When considering the disaggregated daily ERA5_L data, Tair exhibited the highest performance, followed by RH, u2, and Rs. Tair and especially u2 demonstrated an improvement across the plain and mountainous sites. However, Rs was generally degraded after Micromet. Then, a comparison was conducted between daily ET0 obtained considering both datasets and show similar correlations between ground and simulated data but with an overestimation of ET0 after MicroMet. Finally, the retrospective analysis of ET0 showed three main phases with a decrease of ET0 between 1950 and 1970, a nearly steady period during 1970-2000, and a significant increase from 2000-2021. This study provides a comprehensive insight about the potential and limitations of ERA5_L products in arid North African regarding irrigation and water management under climate variability.
Keywords: ERA5_Land, downscaling, MicroMet, Reference evapotranspiration, Data-scarce basins, North Africa.
Rhizobiota links landsliding and the carbon cycles through rock weathering
Authors: Ortiz-Maldonado Yakshi , Godoy-Vitorino Filipa , Restrepo Carla
Published: March 2024

Landslides set in motion biogeochemical processes that are not yet conceptually linked. The microbial communities growing on the root surfaces, i.e. the rhizobiome, of plants colonizing landslides can accelerate the release of nutrients from newly exposed rocks through rock weathering. The release of (Ca, Mg) from silicate rocks is important for their role in the carbon cycle. We hypothesize that rhizobiomes in areas underlain by (Ca, Mg)-bearing silicate rocks represent an important link between processes affecting short- and long-term carbon cycling. To test this hypothesis, we examined the composition and function of rhizobiomes in the context of a field incubation experiment with the aim of answering two questions: 1) How does the composition and function of rhizobiomes in landslides change over time? and 2) Is there a relationship between rock weathering and the taxonomic and functional diversity of rhizobiomes? The experiment was conducted around tree ferns (Cyanthea) in areas with granodiorite bedrock in the Central Mountains of Puerto Rico. The experiment included four factors: two abiotic [habitat (landslides, undisturbed forest) and substrate (granodiorite tiles, pressed pellets)] and two biotic [microhabitat (rhizosphere, bulk soil) and root/fungal hyphal activity (mesh size that allows or restricts root access)]. The experiment was replicated spatially (four hosts per habitat) and temporally (7- and 48-month retrievals). We extracted DNA and sequenced the 16S-V4 region of the experimental units at two time points.
We identified microbial species belonging to 54 16S phyla using the GreenGenes2 taxonomy and 14 ITS phyla using the UNITE taxonomy. Most bacteria belonged to ten phyla [Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, Planctomyceota, Verrucomicrobiota, Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Chloroflexota, Myxococcota_A, Methylomirabilota, and Desulfobacterota_B], while most Archaea belonged to one phyla [Thermoproteota] and most fungi to 4 phyla [Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Morterellomycota and Chyrtidiomycota]. The microbial communities changed in abundance and species richness over time. The abundance of four phyla increased over time [Planctomyceota, Chlamydiota, Thermoproteota, Firmicutes_D,] and that of three decreased [Bacteriodota, Armatimonadota and Cyanobacteria]. Finally, the species richness of bacteria and archaea increased over time, while the species richness of fungi increased, decreased, or remained constant depending on the substrate. This experiment will help to clarify the relationships between the taxonomy and functioning of rhizobiomes and biogeochemical processes.
On the Potential Role of the Kalahari Thermal Low on Southern Africa Precipitation Variability
Authors: Longandjo Georges-Noel , Monyela Bellinda Mashoene , Rouault Mathieu
Published: March 2024

Large body of works has studied the impacts of different drivers on southern Africa precipitation. But the influence of the Kalahari thermal low (KTL) on the southern Africa precipitation variability is overlooked to date and deserve more attention. Here, we reconcile two most important features of the southern Africa climate – the Angola low and the Botswana high through the Kalahari thermal low. Results show that the relationship between the KTL and the Angola low has two distinct behaviors at different timescales: (i) at seasonal timescale (annual cycle), the Angola low, driven by the KTL, is also a thermal low; (ii) but at interannual timescale, the reversal of the relationship suggests that the Angola low behaves as a tropical low in summer and forms as a Gill-like response to the diabatic heating related to KTL. Secondly, the KTL shows a strong negative correlation with southern Africa rainfall, implying that a strong KTL reduces the rainfall intensity. This teleconnection can be explained by the leading mode of variability of KTL. However, the composite analysis highlights two physical mechanisms responsible of this teleconnection: the heat dome mechanism during the warm phase of KTL, conducive to below normal rainfall conditions over southern Africa. In the cold phase of KTL, the Angola low plays a crucial role in modulating the regional precipitation and leads to above normal rainfall conditions. Furthermore, our findings found that current climate models from CMIP6 are unable to reproduce the observed mechanisms.
Influence of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on long term trends of heat waves over Bangladesh
Authors: Winey Mushrufa Mushreen , Saiduzzaman Md , Rayhan Md
Published: March 2024

The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a periodic fluctuation in both winds and sea surface temperatures across the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean. This phenomenon has a substantial impact on the climate in a wide expanse of the tropics and subtropics and consequently influences the summer-time temperatures during March to May in Bangladesh. This study aims to investigate the impact of extreme phases such as El Niño and La Niña, of El Niño-Southern Oscillation on heatwave occurrences in Bangladesh. The country is divided into eight distinct climate zones, and the investigation at hand underscores the significant correlation between heat waves and El Niño occurrences over Bangladesh during the study period. To understand the effect of ENSO, the study analyzed various aspects of heatwave events, such as frequency, duration, and magnitude by calculating yearly number of HW events (HWN), yearly sum of HW days (HWF), length of the longest yearly event (HWD), the average length of all yearly events (HWL), hottest day of the hottest yearly event (HWA) and the average magnitude of all yearly events (HWM). For this analysis, maximum daily temperature records from 34 observation stations were used during the summer season (March to May or MAM) from 1991 to 2023. Heatwave events were identified using the 90th and 75th percentiles of the distribution of daily maximum temperature values for the reference period. An appreciable increase (decrease) in the number of HW days during El-Niño (La-Niña) events was observed in the study. Notably, severe Heat waves were more prominent (longest and hottest) during El-Niño years. The South-west and North-west regions are identified as the maximum temperature regions based on both the magnitude and frequency of heat wave events. The observed escalation in the occurrence of heat wave events is proportionate to the El Niño events that occur during these periods of extreme temperatures. The increasing warming rate demonstrates that more frequent El Nino events in the future may further lead to more frequent and longer-lasting heat waves over Bangladesh.
Enhanced Machine Learning Classification with Metaheuristics for Early Geotechnical Hazard Warnings
Authors: Chou Jui-Sheng , Thedja Julian Pratama Putra
Published: March 2024

Geohazards represent a multifaceted array of engineering challenges warranting deeper inquiry and exploration. The complexities inherent in these phenomena demand thorough investigation. For instance, the seismic disturbances triggered by earthquakes manifest as seismic bumps within coal mines, soil liquefaction, and slope collapse, necessitating a comprehensive assessment of various unpredictable factors. Devising solutions for these intricate geotechnical issues involves evaluating numerous variables. Furthermore, the aftermath of natural disasters often leads to significant consequences and losses, underscoring the critical need for proactive measures. Implementing an early warning system emerges as a crucial solution capable of potentially saving numerous lives. Such systems can significantly enhance evacuation efficiency by providing alerts mere seconds to minutes before the onset of disasters, particularly in high-risk locations. Moreover, integrating these systems at the planning stages of projects can substantially minimize the life cycle loss of life, material resources, and effort. This study introduces a groundbreaking approach—an innovative classification system that seamlessly integrates swarm and metaheuristic intelligence designed to yield categorical outputs. Accompanying this system is a meticulously developed graphical user interface (GUI), serving as a valuable tool for engineers and researchers engaged in sophisticated data mining tasks. The efficacy of the proposed system is rigorously validated through its application to various geotechnical case studies. Comparisons with empirical methods and previous works underpin its credibility and robustness. Three pivotal contributions emerge from this investigation: the introduction of a pioneering nature-inspired classification system, the development of an intuitive GUI complementing the classification system, and the demonstration of the system's effectiveness in forecasting geotechnical hazards ahead of time—an invaluable asset in providing early warnings and mitigating impending impacts.