bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Index Based Irrigation Suitability of Ramsar Sites (Rara and Ghodaghodi) in Western Nepal
Authors: Bhatta Rita , Gurung Smriti , Joshi Rajendra , Tuladhar Shrija , Regmi Dikshya , Tripathee Lekhendra , Paudyal Rukumesh , Guo Junming , Kang Shichang , Sharma Chhatra Mani
Published: February 2024

The present study highlights the water quality of two important Ramsar sites of western Nepal (Ghodaghodi and Rara lakes) in terms of irrigation use. Based on land use patterns and location accessibility, 13 sites in Ghodaghodi and 18 in Rara were considered and the samplings were performed in the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. Different physicochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), major cations, and anion (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and HCO3-) were measured. The calculated indices were permeability index percentage (PI), sodium percentage (%Na), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), magnesium hazard ratio (MAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), and Kelly’s index (KI). Major ions were analyzed using ion chromatography including field and procedural blanks to maintain quality standards, whereas on-site parameters were measured by using standard multi-meter probes. The studied irrigation water quality parameters (pH, EC, TDS, TH) and indices (PI, MAR, RSC, KI, SAR, and %Na) fall within the permissible limit in both lakes, indicating the suitability of such water for irrigation purposes. In addition, based on the SAR vs. EC plot, all the results from both lakes fall in the S1 category, signifying low sodium hazard. Concerning EC, most of the samples demonstrate the C1 category and few are in the C2 category (in Ghodaghodi) whereas the C1 category predominates for Rara. According to IWQI, all water samples in both lakes fall in the class I category, which supports the results of other indices indicating the suitability of water for irrigation purposes.
Antidiabetic and Antibacterial Activities of Syzygium cumini Seeds
Authors: Bhattarai Bidhya , Khanal Lekha Nath , Kalauni Surya Kant
Published: February 2024

Bioactive compounds of plants have been used in treating various diseases from ancient times. In this study, Syzygium cumini seed extract was studied for its antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-diabetic potentials. The antioxidant potential was evaluated by DPPH assay. Whereas, the antibacterial feature was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Klebsiella pneumonia by agar well diffusion method. The in vitro anti-diabetic potential was performed by the α-amylase enzyme inhibition method using CNPG3 (2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl-α-D-maltotriose) as a substrate. The methanolic extract showed a total phenolic content of 128.8 ± 1.44 mg GAE/g and a total flavonoid content of 115.6 ± 8.01 mg QE/g. The extract scavenged free radicals where strong antioxidant activity was observed with IC50 values of 91.63 ± 6.54 μg/mL in the concentration range of 50-6.25 μg/mL. The DCM and EA fractions exhibited moderate antidiabetic potentials with IC50 values of 92.1 ± 0.5 μg/mL, 150.8 ± 0.8 μg/mL, and 42.2 ± 4.6 μg/mL in the concentration range of 400-25 μg/mL against acarbose standard having IC50 values of 6.02 ± 0.1 μg/mL in the concentration range 50-1.6 μg/mL. The methanolic extract having ZOI (19mm) showed antibacterial activity however standard neomycin demonstrated ZOI (22.5 mm) against S. aureus at the dosage of 50 μg/mL. Methanolic extract having ZOI (20 mm) demonstrated effective antibacterial activity when compared to standard neomycin with ZOI (15mm) against K. pneumonia at the dosage of 50 μg/mL.
गङ्गानाथ कोइरालाका कवितामा आदर्श चेतना {Ideal Consciousness in The Poems of Ganga Nath Koirala}
Authors: पन्थ Pantha टंकप्रसाद Tankaprasad
Published: February 2024

गङ्गानाथ कोइराला नीति र आदर्शलाई जोड दिएर कविता लेख्ने स्रष्टा हुन् । समाजमा भइरहेका विकृति र प्रदूषणबाट मुक्त गरी मानिसमा परिष्कारको सञ्चार गराउनु उनका कविताको उद्देश्य रहेको देखिन्छ । सामाजिक मूल्यमान्यता र आदर्शबाट चुक्दै गएको मानिसलाई नैतिक पाठ पढाउने कुरामा उनका कविताहरू महत्त्वपूर्ण सामग्रीका रूपमा रहेका छन् । नेपाली कवितामा लामो साधना गरेका गङ्गानाथ कोइरालाले फुटकर रूपमा र कृतिका रूपमा कविता प्रकाशन गराएका छन् । यिनका कविताको मर्ममा आदर्शको चेतना ज्यादा रहेको पाइन्छ । राजनीतिक, सामाजिक जीवनका पृष्ठभूमिमा विषयलाई केन्द्रित गरी आदर्शको विचार सञ्चार गराउनमा यिनको लेखन सफल रहेको पाइन्छ । आम व्यक्तिभित्र मक्किएर रहेका कुरालाई प्रकाश पारी सुधारको सन्देश व्यक्त गर्नु यिनका लेखनको खास प्राप्ति हो । मानिस आफूले अधिकारको प्रयोग गर्दा कर्तव्यको पाटोलाई पनि भुल्न नहुने आग्रह कविको छ । आदर्शवादसँग सम्बद्ध विचारहरूलाई कवितामा खोजी गरी विश्लेषण गर्ने काम यस लेखमा गरिएको छ । आशाको किरण कवितासङ्ग्रहमा आदर्शवादी चेतना कसरी प्रयोग भएको छ ? भन्ने मुख्य समस्यामूलक प्रश्नमा केन्द्रित रही आदर्शवादको सैद्धान्तिक पर्याधारका सापेक्षमा विश्लेषण गरी निष्कर्ष निकाल्ने काम गरिएको छ । प्रस्तुत लेखमा आवश्यक सामग्री प्रथम र द्वितीयक स्रोतबाट लिइएको छ । प्राथमिक तथा द्वितीयक सामग्रीको उपयोग गरेर आदर्शवादी अवधारणालाई प्रकाश पारी आशाको किरण कवितासङ्ग्रहमा प्रस्तुत आदर्शवादलाई खोजी गर्ने काम यस लेखमा गरिएको छ ।

{Ganga Nath Koirala is an author who writes poetry with emphasis on policy and ideals. The aim of his poetry is to free people from the distortions and pollution that are happening in the society and communicate sophistication to people. His poems are important in teaching moral lessons to people who are straying from social values and ideals. Ganga Nath Koirala, who has practiced for a long time in Nepali poetry, has published poetry in the form of individual and works. It is found that there is more awareness of ideals in the content of his poems. His writing is successful in communicating the idea of ideals by focusing on the subject in the background of political and social life. The special achievement of his writings is to bring to light the things that are deep inside the common man and express the message of reform. The poet urges that people should not forget their duties while exercising their rights. Ideas related to idealism are searched and analyzed in this article. It also deals with how idealistic consciousness has been used in Aashako Kiran (ray of hope) poetry collection. Focusing on the main problematic question, it has been analyzed and drawn a conclusion in relation to the theoretical framework of idealism. The material required in the present article has been taken from primary and secondary sources. This article investigates the idealism existed in Aashako Kiran (ray of hope) poetry collection by highlighting the idealistic concept by using primary and secondary materials.}
Multi-collinearity in Research and Wayforward
Authors: Nakarmi Sudeep Singh
Published: February 2024

In multi-linear regression, there will be two or more independent variables also known as predictor variables. The main task in multi-linear regression is to find how the predictor variable impacts the dependent variable when there is a change in predictor variables by one unit. However, without testing multi-co linearity between these predictor variables, such a model will create difficulties in terms of defining the real impact of the predictor variable (independent) on the predicted variable (dependent). This situation makes us aware in terms of variable selection while conducting multi-linear regression to find the exact impact. To explain this issue, 14 students were selected and asked to fill up the form with their marks obtained in the recent examination, the number of study hours at home, the number of hours hanging out with friends, and the number of copies added during an exam. The research aimed to observe if there is a multi-co linearity issue between predictor variables (number of study hours, number of hours hanging out with friends, and number of copies added during an exam). SPSS-version 25 is used to find a correlation matrix between predictor variables, matrix scatter plot, the value of Tolerance, Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) value, condition index, and variation proportion. Multi-co linearity issue observed in two predictor variables thus further solution explained.
Correlations of Loneliness among Nepalese Senior Citizens
Authors: Bhusal Durga , Chalise Hom Nath , Adhikari Keshab Prasad
Published: February 2024

The Proportion of the elderly in Nepal is increasing rapidly. Senior citizens are prone to spirits of loneliness. It comprises both solitary life and life with the potential to participate in interaction with others. The purpose of the study was to analyze the loneliness situation among Nepalese young senior citizens. The subjects (n = 513) inhabitants of Butwal sub-metropolitan city having an age range of 60 to 74 (mean/SD = 65.86/4.20) years were female dominated (52.6 percent). Data were collected through frontal interviews using 20 statements of the loneliness scale developed by the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). The data were analyzed using correlation vicariate, multiple regression analysis, and independent sample t-test. The study observed that 29.63 percent reported experiencing low levels of loneliness, 21.25 percent experienced moderate levels, and 49.12 percent reported high levels of loneliness. These levels of loneliness were categorized based on the scoring range: scores below 30 indicated low loneliness, scores of 30 to 39 indicated moderate loneliness, and scores of 40 or higher indicated high levels of loneliness. A statistically significant correlation was found between feelings of loneliness, sex, family type, marital status, education, social participation, and property ownership. Results of multiple regression analysis displayed property ownership, marital status, type of family, and sex standing as significant factors of loneliness. The present results indicate remarkable Nepalese young senior citizens were experiencing loneliness. It is necessary to assess the levels of loneliness of young senior citizens and pursue an intervention to reduce these problems.
Effect of Divorce in Family Life
Authors: Adhikari Jib Narayan
Published: February 2024

The present research is undertaken for investigating the effect of divorce in family life especially on child. For the fulfillment of the objective, the national and international articles, book and journals were reviewed. For this secondary literatures were used. Study show that divorce is always a complex matter in Nepal. Here, marriage is considered a sacred bond and divorce is considered an evil act, however, the divorce rate is increasing. The research has revealed that the circumstances of children after their parent's divorce gets troubled, disturbed and challenged, they are subjected to mental torture, have problems with their education and childcare. It may arise due to the absence of parents. So divorce can be a major factor of concern.
Production of the Narratives of Climate Change and Climate Justice through Media: A Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Sharma Min Prasad , Lamsal Rajendra , Sharma Upadhyaya Dinesh
Published: February 2024

The present research investigates the role of mass media in producing the narratives of climate change and climate justice in Nepal. For this purpose, sample of the date were extracted from the online edition of The Kathmandu Post daily, the largest circulating English newspaper of Nepal. The study has used Critical Discourse Analysis as the methodological tool to analyze socio-cognitive as well as linguistic elements prevalent in the texts of the newspaper. Particularly, through the philosophical impetuses of Norman Fairclough and Teun A. Van Dijik we have tried to unveil the power dynamics imbedded into the text. Our findings reveal that, the mass media play important role in shaping the meaning of climate justice and this is executed through linguistic as well as pictorial representation of climate change. When the mass media intend to serve the interest of the state that further exacerbates the climate change induced sufferings of the marginalized community.
Digital Payment In Nepal: An Overview And Recommendations
Authors: Pathak Arbind
Published: February 2024

Information technology (IT) has completely changed many facets of our lives; in particular, it has made it simple to make digital payments. The general public began to switch from traditional payment methods to digital ones that offered convenience, safety, and security. Modern payment methods were made possible by the development of information and communication technology. People’s lives were made easier by the proliferation of smartphones and internet access, which also ushered in the age of digitalization. In addition to enhancing trade and commerce, digitalization also made payment transactions simple and quick. The goal of the current study is to understand the various kinds of digital payment transactions that regular people use in their day-to-day lives, as well as the current state of the industry and Nepal’s growth prospects. The primary data used in this study are secondary data. The outcome suggests that the digital revolution has made transactions involving less cash simple.
Globalization and English Language Teaching: Implication and Challenges
Authors: Jnawali Laxman
Published: February 2024

The article entitled "Globalization and English Language Teaching: Implication and Challenges" explores about the significance of globalization, its possibilities and challenges. As it is a systematic review article some of the national and internal articles have been purposefully selected for the critical analysis and reflection of the meanings concerning the research title.The derived data are thoroughly studied and analysed through the process of coding and decoding. Finally the results and findings are summarized in the conclusion section. The researcher has presented some recommendations based on the results and findings.
Exploration of Pedagogical Approaches during the Buddhist Era
Authors: Acharya Tilak Ram
Published: February 2024

This research article explores the education system prevalent in ancient India during the era of the Buddha. The study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the teaching methods employed during that time and elucidate various facets and dimensions of teaching practices. The article examines insights gleaned from Buddhist literature and scriptures, focusing on the Buddha’s innovative and impactful teaching methods such as sermons, parables, and interactive exchanges. It also explores the pedagogical approaches of Buddhism, highlighting the egalitarian nature of Buddhist education and its inclusivity of individuals from all social backgrounds. The article discusses different teaching methods employed during the Buddhist era, including the Shravan method, imitation method, demonstration and practice method, interpretation method, lecture method, debate and logic method, seminar, conference and Shāstrārtha method, self-study method, and excursion method. The research article concludes by highlighting the enduring relevance of the teaching methods from the Buddha’s era in enriching the ancient culture and fostering a moral and virtuous society.
Medical Negligence: Critical Analysis of Select Case Laws from Nepal
Authors: Upadhyaya Parthivendra , Khanal Rita , Chaudhary Namrata , Acharya Nikita
Published: February 2024

This study presents a critical analysis of five legal precedents established by the Supreme Court of Nepal involving medical negligence, with the aim of understanding the legal principles, challenges, and implications in such cases. The primary objective of this research is to contribute to the discourse on patient rights, doctor accountability, and healthcare quality. To achieve this, a case law study approach was adopted, involving critical analysis of relevant case law. The selected precedents were thoroughly examined to identify legal principles, judicial reasoning, and the application of laws in different contexts related to medical negligence. The key findings from the analysis of the case laws emphasize the importance of ethical conduct and professionalism in medical practice, the judiciary’s commitment to upholding justice, and the balance between patient rights and doctors’ accountability through the distinction between civil and criminal liability.
A Study on Local Resources and their Applicability in Classroom Instructions in Nepal
Authors: Bhattrai Taranath
Published: February 2024

This study aims at identifying the applicability of locally available resources in school level classrooms instructions in general and analyzes the approaches, methods and techniques in classroom practices in study area. It also attempts to recommend some strategies for the application of local resources in classroom instructions for the development of practical education through functional or task-based classroom instructions. Based on qualitative method, the data have been collected through PRA, observation, and semi- structured interview. The collected data have been analyzed by using interpretative paradigm. The study has revealed abundances of locally available resources that can be applied in classroom instructions for the development of task-based, practical classroom instructions in study area and in general.
The Pedagogic Value of Children’s Literature
Authors: Regmi Lok Raj
Published: February 2024

The texts of children’s literature have unique features and the language teachers still have limited ideas on how these texts support language learning. At this juncture, this article aims at exploring the value of children’s literature in language learning. Simple, interesting and linguistically rich texts of children’s literature make classroom environment conducive to learn. These texts engage students in different communicative and cooperative tasks: pair and group discussions, jigsaw, simulation and role play. These texts contribute to students’ language enrichment, development of communicative competence, inferential, and interpretive skills and ultimately lead them to creative writing. Children’s literature is pedagogically crucial for students and teachers.
A Study on the Determinants of Ordinary Housing Price in China: Focused on Jinan City
Authors:   Korea Real Estate Academy, Jang Lian Bo , Kim Hyung Keun
Published: February 2024

1. CONTENTS
(1) RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study is to find out the factors that affect housing prices in Jinan City in China and to explore the degree of influence of each factor on prices. By reflecting on the changes in the Jinan housing market, such as the changes in the primary school system in 2021 and the construction of the subway, we intend to provide an opportunity to understand the factors of Jinan City's housing prices in more detail.
(2) RESEARCH METHOD
The subject of the study is used ordinary houses in Jinan City. Data traded from 2015 to 2021 were collected for Li Xia-gu, Sujung-gu, Tianqiao-gu, Huayin-gu, and Li Cheong-gu, and analyzed using the quantile regression model.
2. RESULTS
From now on, many improvements are required concerning the appraisal legislation of real estate. Also, several wrong provisions should be revised correctly.
Especially, a latest revised law of related post let these wrong provisions alone or worse in several parts. In the future, related provisions must be revised clearly and logically involving fundamental definition, dominating definition, appraisal method and appraisal technique etc.
An Analysis of The Determinants and Characteristics of Regional Apartment Prices
Authors:   Korea Real Estate Academy, Choi Yi Sun , Suh Jeong Yeal
Published: February 2024

1. CONTENTS
(1) RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics that influence the determinants of apartment prices between high and low apartment prices within the same autonomous district in the regional submarket, and to further confirm whether there is a price gap between branded and non-branded apartments.
(2) RESEARCH METHOD
For this purpose, a multiple regression analysis was conducted targeting all apartments traded over the past three years in Buk-gu, Busan (Hwamyeong-dong, Mandeok-dong), using the actual apartment transaction price as the dependent variable and independent variables related to apartment structure, complex, location, and brand characteristics.
(3) RESEARCH FINDINGS
As a result of the analysis, the variables that commonly had a significant positive (+) influence on the actual transaction price were the year of occupancy and the number of apartments, while the variables that had a negative (-) influence were the exclusive use area. In Hwamyeong-dong, a high-price area, the distance to elementary schools, convenience facilities, and apartment brands had a positive (+) effect, while in Mandeok-dong, a low-price area, they had a negative (-) effect.
2. RESULTS
This means that there may be a gap in apartment prices even within the same area, and even for non-branded apartments, the price may be higher than branded apartments if the area is close to a station or close to convenience facilities. In this study, these results were presented as marketing Unique Selling Point related to the supply of regional and non-branded apartments.
قضايا أخلاقية في أزمنة صعبة (صيغة معدّلة)
Authors: بشارة عزمي
Published: February 2024

موضوع المقالة هو المعضلات الأخلاقية التي تواجه الإنسانية، نتيجة للأعمال الوحشية التي تُرتكب خلال الحرب على غزة، والوسائل التي تستخدم لتحييد الحكم الأخلاقي على ما يُرتكب من جرائم ومعالجتها على حدة، على الرغم من التجييش والاستقطاب السياسي وحتى الهويّاتي المرافق للحرب. لا تنطلق المقالة، إذ تقوم بذلك، من أن الأخلاق تقتصر على مبادئ فوقية تشتق منها الأحكام بالقياس والمحاكمة العقلية، بل إنها قبل ذلك تعود إلى طبائع يفترض وجودها في البشر (التمسك بالحياة، النفور من التسبب في الألم الجسدي للبشر، التطلع إلى الاعتراف ... إلخ). وهذه ليست في حد ذاتها مبادئ أخلاقية، بل تشكّل أساسًا طبيعيًا لنشوء الأخلاق (وهي في الوقت نفسه يمكن أن تشكّل نواةً لقيم إنسانية كونية). ويجوز الحكم أخلاقيًّا على أفعال الدول انطلاقًا من أحكام الفرد الأخلاقية وبناءً على المعايير الأخلاقية التي أرستها الدول في مواثيق ومعاهدات، ولا يجوز أن تُحيَّد الأخلاق زمن الحروب. وتجادل المقالة بأنه إذا كانت إسرائيل وأصدقاؤها يبررون جرائمها بأنها دفاعٌ عن النفس، فإن ذلك محض كذب، لأن إسرائيل دولة احتلال، وليس للاحتلال حق الدفاع عن النفس، بل إن حق الدفاع عن النفس (وهو حق مشروط) متمثل في مقاومة الاحتلال. وأما وصف المقاومة الفلسطينية في غزة بأنها "شر مطلق فليس حكمًا أخلاقيًّا بقدر ما هو استراتيجية هادفة إلى حظر محاولات فهم خلفية عمليات المقاومة. كما تُجري المقالة نقاشًا مع يورغن هابرماس وشيلا بن حبيب حول مواقفهما من الحرب على غزة، وتنقد انحيازهما إلى إسرائيل، وتكشف المغالطات التي وقعا فيها.
Валовая добавленная стоимость: влияние экстенсивных факторов на примере численности занятого в экономике населения
Authors: Сыздыкова Э.Ж. , Ламбекова А.Н. , Сыздыкова Д.И. , Абилов Д.К. , Атабаева А.К.
Published: February 2024

Цель: Выявление влияния изменения численности занятого населения как экстенсивного фактора на формирование валовой добавленной стоимости страны. Методы: В работе использован статистические методы анализа, в том числе корреляционнорегрессионный метод. Результаты: Исследуя особенности формирования валовой добавленной стоимости в Республике Казахстан, было выявлено влияние экстенсивного фактора труда – численности занятых в экономике страны. Авторами были выдвинуты гипотезы о наличии и направлении взаимосвязи между показателем «Валовая добавленная стоимость» и такими факторами, как «Численность занятых», «Численность наемных работников» и «Численность самозанятых». Для доказательства или опровержения данных гипотез был проведен корреляционнорегрессионный анализ. Данный анализ подтвердил обе гипотезы: о положительном влиянии роста численности наемных работников и отрицательном влиянии роста численности самозанятых на формирование валовой добавленной стоимости. Данные экстенсивные факторы имеют близкое по модулю значение корреляции, но противоположное по направлению воздействие на результативный фактор — валовую добавленную стоимость. Выводы: Наблюдаемое в Республике Казахстан сокращение числа самозанятых, положительно влияющее на рост валовой добавленной стоимости, можно расценивать как выход их из тени и говорит о положительном процессе в экономике страны.
Comparative evaluation of preparations’ fungicidal activity and their effect on pathogenic micromycetes of spring wheat
Authors: Ualiyeva R.M.
Published: February 2024

The growing season of 2022 was characterised by a variety of weather conditions, some of which were unfavourable to spring wheat growth and development. Plants were stressed by daytime temperatures, soil and air moisture, and fungal disease pathogenic impacts. Spring wheat was infected with powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis), leaf brown rust (Puccinia triticina), and septoria leaf blotch (Septoria sp.). The main fertilizer, foliar dressing, and compounds with regulatory properties in relation to the crop are used to boost yield and improve grain quality. Fungicides such as Varro, Rex Duo and Kolosal Pro are effective for managing spring wheat diseases. The study established the impact of Varro, Rex Duo, and Kolosal Pro fungicides on the reduction of the main spring wheat pathogens. This had an effect on grain quality and yield characteristics. The fungicides (tested under stressful conditions produced by phytopathogens and unfavourable meteorological conditions) enhanced the growth of spring wheat plants and positively influenced yield morphometric parameters, productivity, and grain quality parameters. The most effective agent for controlling diseases of spring wheat is Rex Duo fungicide. The use of fungicidal treatments in combination with fertilizers and plant growth regulators increased yield structure indicators, which resulted in an even greater impact on yield and quality indexes. It was discovered that the use of fertilizers and growth stimulants to crops can be combined with the application of fungicides.
Floristic composition of sand massifs in the western part of the Sub Ural plateau
Authors: Utaubayeva A.U. , Nurgazy K.Sh. , Bisenov U.K. , Alzhanova B.S.
Published: February 2024

Currently, on the territory of Kazakhstan, one of the topical issues is the study of the current state of ecosystems. The aim of the study is a biomorphological, geographical and ecological analysis of thesand massifs flora inthe western part of the Sub Ural plateau. 137 species of vascular plants belonging to 99 genera and 35 families were registered in the Karagash and Akkum sand massifs. Most of the flora (70; 50.4%) is occupied by species belonging to the Asteraceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae and Chenopodiaceae families. The predominant in the flora are rhizomatous species: Calamagrostis epigeios, Carex colchica, Helichrysum arenarium, Leymus racemosus, Scirpoides holoschoenus, etc.The presence of adventitious species in the flora indicates high anthropogenic pressure, unfavorable growing conditions and habitat disturbance. The predominance of xerophytes is associated with the adaptation of psammophytesand steppe species to growing in arid climates. The chorological analysis showed the predominance of the wide-ranging Eurasian and Ancient Mediterranean species.There is a need to protect meadow and psammophytic mixed-grass-stipa grass and juniper communities. They belong to plant species distribution area of which is currently being intensively reduced, so it is necessary to organize comprehensive measures to protect their growing environment. Information about the species composition of plants, their biological and ecological features, which in the future will become the basis for the organization of monitoring work, are of great practical importance.
The study of the biological age of university teachers in the period of urgent transition to distance education as a result of pandemic
Authors: Myrzabayev A.B. , Tnimova G.T. , Sokolova G.G. , Bodeyev M.T. , Kabdolla Е.
Published: February 2024

In the article, the biological age of university teachers was studied (using the express method of V.P. Voytenko), a total of 127 people (64 women, 63 men) were examined, they were divided into three groups according to their age (1st group ‒23-39 years old, 2nd group ‒40-59 years old, 3rd group ‒60 years old and older).A special health self-assessment questionnaire and a number of physiological indicators and mathematical formulas were used to calculate the value of biological age (BA);the appropriate biological age value (ABA) was calculated; he obtained biological age and the corresponding biological age were compared, it was determined how many years the subjects' aging rate was ahead or behind their peers. This approach makes it possible to divide people of the same age into several degrees according to the degree of “age wear”, as well as according to the “reserve” of health (degrees I and II ‒slow aging, III ‒BA corresponds to the population standard, IV and V ‒accelerated aging). The research was conducted during the transition of universities to distance education during the pandemic (October-November, 2020). More than half of the teachers (55.90%) were found to be experiencing accelerated aging (grade IV-V of BA), and this was more common among men than among women. Among those examined, the rate of aging is evident in the youngest group of teachers. Due to the pandemic, in the period of urgent transition from the usual traditional educational format to distance learning, the accelerated rate of aging according to biological age indicators was observed in almost all groups of teachers: 23%-80%. And there is a conclusion that the gender and age of the subjects affect the biological age.
Development of academic entrepreneurship in an innovative economy: factors and motivation
Authors: Sitenko D.A. , Holienka М. , Sabyrzhan A. , Gartsuyeva Ye.V.
Published: February 2024

Object: Study of issues of entrepreneurial activity motivation among university scientists and identification of factors influencing academic entrepreneurship.Methods: The study uses the methods of system analysis, comparative analysis, grouping method, content analysis, analysis of literature.Findings: The article considers the main factors that influence university scientists when they make a decision on academic entrepreneurship. The types of activities that can be attributed to academic entrepreneurship are identified: the implementation of funded projects, the foundation of start-ups, licensing, etc. An analysis of the studies conducted in the field of motivation of academic entrepreneurs made it possible to identify groups of main factors, as well as the strength of their influence on the motivation of scientists. Among the personal motives most often in Western research scientists highlight the desire to continue research, create innovative products, scientific interest in their field of study.Conclusions: The creation of an innovative infrastructure and legislation in the field of intellectual property protection and technology transfer largely determines the possibilities for the development of academic entrepreneurship in the country. Scientists involved in the commercialization of scientific developments become an example (mentor) for younger colleagues, which makes it possible to involve young, qualified specialists in academic entrepreneurship. The presence of professional connections and the opportunity to communicate with business representatives greatly facilitates the receipt of funding for the implementation of results, makes small innovative enterprises more successful in the market. Despite the small percentage of academic entrepreneurs in universities, most scientists maintain contacts with the business community, which, under favorable conditions, can develop into entrepreneurial activity.
The Influence of Medical and Socio-Economic Characteristics of the Population of Kazakhstan on the Frequency of Doctor Visits
Authors: Spankulova L.S. , Nurmakhanova M.B. , Bukatov Y.B.
Published: February 2024

Object: to find out how the frequency of visits to doctors in Kazakhstan is determined by the medical and socioeconomic characteristics of the population.Methods: a survey with 1,638 participants assessed annual doctor visit frequency using a seven-option question. For balanced data, responses were grouped into categories (first, second, seventh, and fifth and sixth combined). Additional questions captured socio-economic and medical metrics. Data collection and variable selection are detailed in the article, which employs a regression model for analysis.                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Findings: the authors touched upon the problem of low initiative of the population related to their health and “medical paternalism”, typical phenomena for most post-Soviet countries. As a result of the simulation, it was found that the results of the evaluation of the polynomial logit and the polynomial probit correspond to each other.Conclusions: the interpretation of the results in the polynomial model shows that any alternative is given in comparison with the base alternative, so increasing the independent variable makes the choice of the alternative more or less likely compared to the base alternative. So, the variables “Healthcare” and “Medical checkup” negatively affect the first category and positively affect the second, third and fourth categories.
Функция внутреннего аудита как структурная модель корпоративного управления в современной экономике
Authors: Болаткызы С. , Умирзакова М.А. , Шильманова А.М. , Бутабаева Н.К. , Шакирова Г.А.
Published: February 2024

Цель: Целью данного исследования является определение функции внутреннего аудита, выявление эффективности в структурной модели корпоративного управления в крупных предприятиях, а также определение влияния внутреннего аудита, основанного на рисках, на корпоративное управление.Методы: Методами исследования являются дизайн исследования, инструменты сбора данных, процедуры сбора данных и детали анализа, а также SmartPLS, которые помогли достичь целей исследовательской работы. SmartPLS — многофакторной структурной модели, которая посредством анкетирования помогает достичь максимально точных результатов в научном исследовании.Результаты:По результатам критериев оценки значимости структурной модели в приведенном анализе выяснилось, что задачи, стоящие перед внутренним аудитом, не влияют на зависимую переменную стратегии внутреннего аудита. Результаты показали, что на практике факторы, влияющие на внутренний аудит, не показывает сильную зависимость, так как модератор влияния стратегии внутреннего аудита влияют другие факторы на корпоративное управление. То есть по результатам критериев оценки значимости структурной модели в приведенной в статье заметно, что задачи, стоящие перед внутренним аудитом, не влияют на зависимую переменную стратегии внутреннего аудита.Выводы: По итогам результатов выявилось что стратегии внутреннего аудита влияет напрямую на корпоративное управление предприятием. Задачи внутреннего аудита показали низкую зависимость корреляции, корреляция касательно задачи внутреннего аудита не подтвердилась. По этой причине для эффективности корпоративного управления необходимо наличие разумного внутреннего аудита, который является неотъемлемым требованием корпоративного управления.
Пандемия(COVID-19)сабақтары: халықтың құндылықтарының бағдарлануы өзгеруінің туризмнің маркетингтік даму стратегияларына әсері
Authors: Борбасова З.Н. , Улаков С.Н. , Улаков Н.С.
Published: February 2024

Мақсаты: COVID-19 пандемиясының халықтың құндылықтар жүйесіне әсері қарастырылып, соған қатысты өткен онжылдықтарда маңызды деп саналған құндылық бағдарларының өзгеруін талдап зерттеу.Мақаланың негізгі мақсаты — туризм индустриясының пандемия сабақтары тағылымдарын ескере отырып, «пандемиядан кейінгі» кезеңдегі даму бағыттарына сәйкескелетін маркетингтік стратегияларды ұсыну.Әдісі: Зерттеу барысында синтез және талдау әдістері, оның ішінде жүйелік және кешенді тәсілдер сияқты әдістер (жалпы ғылыми және арнайы) қолданылды. Статистикалық әдіс ресми статистикалық корытынды.Қорытынды: Халықтың құндылық бағдарлары мен туризм секторындағы трансформация, «коронадағдарысы» салдарынабайланыстыра зерделеніп, оның адамзат дамуына теріс әсерлерімен қатар жалпы адами құндылықтарының өзгеруі тұрғысынан оң бағыт беруі мүмкіндігі жан-жақты қарастырылған.Бұл адамзатқа үлкен сабақ болды, оның қоғам мен ел экономикасының салаларының дамуына тигізген әсерінен тиісті қорытынды шығару үшін ғылыми негізде жан-жақты ары қарай зерделеуді қажет етеді.Тұжырымдама: Жұмыстың ғылыми жаңалығы — авторлар «коронакризистің» қоғам дамуына тигізген кейбір оң аспектілерін жүйелі түрде алғашқылардың қатарында зерттеп, оларды пандемияның бес сабағы түрінде ұсынылып отырғаны мақаланы практикалық тұрғыда ерекше өзекті етеді. Туризм индустриясының «пандемиядан кейінгі» кезеңдегі даму бағыттарына назар аударылып, осы сабақтарды ескере отырып, оның маркетингтік стратегиясын саналы тұтыну маркетингі тұжырымдамасына сәйкес құру мүмкіндігі ұсынылады.
Сравнительный анализ рынков перестрахования в странах ЕАЭС
Authors: Воробьева С.М.
Published: February 2024

Цель: Выявление состояния современных рынков перестрахования в странах ЕАЭС и обоснование возможностей расширения общей перестраховочной емкости в рамках данного интеграционного объединения.Методы:При исследовании вопроса использовались как общенаучные методы познания, такие как исторический и логический методы, анализ и синтез, индукция и дедукция, метод научных абстракций, использование аналогий, так и эмпирические методы познания такие как описание и сравнительный анализ.Результаты: На основе проведенного сравнительного анализа национальных практик перестрахования былавыявлены специфики регуляторных норм в организации и проведении перестрахования в каждой из стран ЕАЭС. Особое внимание уделено тем законодательным требованиям, которые существенно затрудняют развитие общего перестраховочного пространства. Результаты данного исследования могут быть применены в работе Евразийской экономической комиссии при разработке предложений по дальнейшему развитию интеграции финансовых рынков стран ЕАЭС.Выводы: В условиях санкционных ограничений со стороны США и стран Европы, необходима экстренная выработка мер по формированию общей перестраховочной емкости в ЕАЭС, что позволит значительно снизить зависимость стран ЕАЭС от международных перестраховщиков и расширить объемы перестраховочных операций для каждой из стран Союза. Для достижения этой цели необходимо максимально расширить внутренние емкости национальных страховых рынков за счет учреждения государственных перестраховочных организаций, использования технологий взаимного перестрахования, создания страховых и перестраховочных пулов. Для формирования общей перестраховочной емкости странами ЕАЭС наряду с созданиемнадстроечной перестраховочной организации, автором предложено создание перестраховочного пула государственными перестраховщиками стран интеграционного объединения.
Ways of semantizing professional vocabulary in the process of teaching english to future veterinarians
Authors: Lashkul Valerii
Published: February 2024

The article explores the peculiarities of working with professional veterinary vocabulary in the context of teaching English for professional purposes. The aim of the research is to summarize the experience presented in scientific and methodological literature on working with professional vocabulary, including terminology, and to identify techniques and methods that contribute to the semanticization of terms in a foreign language. Generalizing the experience presented in scientific and methodological literature, the author concludes about the most effective means and techniques for the semanticization and initial consolidation of professional vocabulary today. Special emphasis in this research is placed on working with veterinary terms, the complexity of which is due to the fact that first-year students lack sufficient vocabulary in the professional field. Semanticization, in this case, becomes the full introduction of a new concept into the professional lexicon of future veterinary professionals. The necessity of a detailed study of the word formation of veterinary terminology for its acquisition and translation is demonstrated. Examples of semanticization through morphological analysis are provided, which includes examining the structure and formation of words, their roots, prefixes, suffixes, and other morphological elements for a better understanding of word meanings. A system of exercises is proposed for teaching the semanticization of lexical units (terms).
Essence and structure of the concept "Leadership qualities of service of students of agricultural institutions of vocational higher education"
Authors: Moroz Oleh
Published: February 2024

The article reveals the concept of "Service leadership qualities" taking into account the requirements for the training of specialists in agricultural institutions of vocational pre-university education. It is emphasized that personality quality is the ability to behave in a similar way in a wide range of situations (G. Allport), and service leadership qualities are a cluster of abilities that allow a high-status individual to occupy a priority position in interpersonal relationships based on professionalism, respect, deserved authority, empathy and providing effective assistance to group members in self-affirmation, self-realization and increased effectiveness in performing a task significant for the group. Servant leadership is considered as a humanistic type of leadership, when an individual achieves high status positions not by dominating and imposing his will by brute force, but primarily by actualizing the needs of followers in achieving success, professional growth, building a career, and harmonizing relations with social environment Service leadership is characterized by: providing assistance to group members; aiming at constant self-development and self-improvement; programming the consciousness of followers using persuasion methods; conceptual thinking; management by meeting the needs of followers; the ability to form an effective team.
The qualities of service leadership include: morality, responsibility, empathy, professionalism, initiative, communication, stress resistance, conceptual thinking, organizational skills, as well as those qualities that determine the specificity of service leadership in production collectives of the agrarian industry, namely: value attitude to nature, economy, readiness to use environmentally safe technologies.
The qualities of leadership in the service of students of agricultural institutions of vocational higher education are considered as an integrative psychological education, which is structured not only by individual properties and abilities, but also manifests itself at the level of the component structure of the personality, covering such areas as: motivational (updated need for leadership in the service of followers-specialists agricultural industry); cognitive (knowledge about the features and examples of service leadership in the agro-industrial complex and agriculture); emotional and value (attitude towards service leadership and professional activity in agriculture as values); praxeological (formed abilities and skills, behavioral patterns of service leadership in the agro-industrial complex); reflective and evaluative (readiness for self-improvement of service leadership qualities in accordance with ideas about the ideal of leadership in the agricultural sector).
Retrospective analysis of the ideas of forming the ecological culture of life sciences university students
Authors: Babkovych R.
Published: February 2024

Ecological culture as a branch of science and a complex characteristic of an individual and his behavior in society has a complex genesis, the stages of its formation are clearly related to the development of human civilization from the stage of the birth of productive forces to the present. The ecological culture of a specialist's personality, especially one whose activity is related to the transformation of the environment, is a social order of modern society, aimed at solving the rules and conditions of effective and problem-free coexistence of dialectically contradictory unity in the «biosphere – humanity» system. The article raises the question of a retrospective analysis of the ideas of the formation of ecological culture: the prerequisites for the establishment of environmental protection activities in different periods of the development of human civilization are analyzed, the main historical periods are singled out and the trends of its development are characterized; the theory of the formation of the ecological culture of the individual is analyzed, which is based on the system of scientific knowledge, which, in turn, form the basis of pedagogy and are interconnected with such sciences as philosophy, ecology, cultural studies, sociology, psychology, each of which has its own unique epistemological position. The provisions and approaches of interdisciplinary integration of scientific findings regarding the personal phenomenon of ecological culture and its main aspects, which are based on the unity of ecological knowledge, value attitude to natural objects and demonstration of environmental protection behavior, are summarized.
Professional foreign language training of ecologists: Method of case-study
Authors: Rozhkov Yurii
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to the use of the case method for the purpose of developing professional communication in the process of foreign language training of future ecologists. The work presents the possibilities of this interactive method, the stages of working with the case-study method and practical recommendations are presented. The article provides examples of cases for use in English language classes with students majoring in ecology: Pollution of water bodies and its consequences; Impact of climate change on forest ecosystems; Restoration of destroyed ecosystems; Impact of plastic waste on the marine environment; The impact of the growing urban populations on ecosystems; The role of ecosystems in providing food. The problem of the active use of the case method in classes in institutions of higher education is relevant nowadays, this is due to the fact that the modern educational process aims at the formation of basic competences, among which important places are occupied by professional and communicative skills and mental activity skills, the development of abilities to process a large amount of information.

This argument in favor of establishing the case method stems from the requirements for professionalism of any environmental specialist, who must master optimal behavior in various professional and everyday situations that arise in real life. In the article, we proved that in the process of using the case method under the direct guidance of the teacher, the student becomes an active subject of the educational process, which positively affects the formation of foreign language professional communication. In the process of working on the case, one learns new terminology, gets acquainted with new vocabulary, and uses speech clichés. During the presentation of the adopted decision, the correct use of grammatical forms and syntactic constructions is important. Students' speech must comply with all orthographic norms and be stylistically appropriate. The case material should provide the future specialist with opportunities to acquire professional knowledge. Professional knowledge and confidence in the ability to solve tasks are an incentive for the formation of abilities and skills of the English vocational communication. So, we can say that in the context of scientific research, the expediency of using the case method for the purpose of forming the professional and communicative competences of future specialists in ecology during their studies in higher education institutions was substantiated.