bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increases in Firework-Related Upper Extremity Injuries Correspond to Increasing Firework Sales: An Analysis of 41,195 Injuries Across 10 Years
Authors: Morrissey Patrick J. , Scheer Ryan C. , Shah Neil V. , Penny Gregory S. , Avoricani Alba , Koehler Steven M.
Published: November 2020

Introduction:

Between 2008 and 2017, the American Pyrotechnics Association reported a 41% increase in revenue from firework sales, with 2017 showing $885 million US dollars in consumer sales. We sought to evaluate the epidemiology of firework-related upper extremity injuries during this 10-year period, hypothesizing that hand/upper extremity injuries from fireworks were increasing in the United States.

Methods:

Observational epidemiologic assessment of a weighted cohort of patients via the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System from 2008 to 2017. The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System provides a nationwide probability sample of injuries related to consumer products based on emergency department visits collected from a cohort of about 100 US hospitals.

Results:

A total of 1,079 patients representing an estimated 41,195 firework-related upper extremity injuries presented to US emergency departments from 2008 to 2017. The number of injuries increased significantly from 2,576 in 2008 to 5,101 in 2017 (R2 = 0.85, R = 0.92, P < 0.001). A Spearman rank-order correlation determined that there was a strong, positive correlation between the increase in firework sales and the increase in injuries (rs = 0.939, P < 0.01). The overwhelming majority of firework-related injuries were seen in males (77%) aged 11 to 29 years (48%). The hand and fingers accounted for 85.8% of injuries, with the thumb being the most commonly injured body part (51.3%). Burns were the most common injury across all body sites except the wrist, where fractures were most common.

Conclusion:

Ten-year firework-related upper extremity injuries increased, corresponding to increased consumer sales across the same period. This study provides previously absent population-level data to provide a framework for discussion among policy makers and physicians alike in an attempt to mitigate the use of fireworks and their associated upper extremity injuries.

Level of Evidence:

Level III
Tourniquetless Total Knee Arthroplasty: History, Controversies, and Technique
Authors: Stronach Benjamin M. , Jones Richard E. , Meneghini R. Michael
Published: November 2020

We present a literature review with technique for tourniquetless TKA for surgeons interested in transitioning away from the tourniquet. Tourniquet use provides a bloodless field and improved visualization with decreased intraoperative blood loss, but the arguments for tourniquet use of improved cement fixation and decreased overall blood loss have not been supported by the literature. Regarding recovery, tourniquetless TKA has demonstrated less postoperative pain and improved knee function. There is also the potential for patient harm with tourniquet use. The process of tourniquetless TKA begins preoperatively with anemia screening and treatment. Tranexamic acid decreases the overall blood loss and blood transfusion risk. We recommend preemptive analgesia. The surgery is performed with the knee flexed for a near bloodless field. For cementation, the knee irrigation removes lipids from the exposed bone along with meticulous cement technique. Tourniquetless TKA is able to be safely performed on a routine basis and brings potential benefits to the patient with no evident increased risk in comparison to tourniquet use.
Current Trends in the Evaluation and Management of Nondisplaced Femoral Neck Fractures in the Elderly
Authors: Okike Kanu , Hasegawa Ian G.
Published: November 2020

Nondisplaced (Garden I and II) femoral neck (FN) fractures are commonly encountered by the practicing orthopaedic surgeon. Although these fractures are primarily classified based on the AP radiograph, the lateral radiograph should be closely scrutinized as well because posterior tilt has emerged as a consistent predictor of fixation failure. Internal fixation has for many years been the standard of care, with both cannulated screws and the sliding hip screw representing acceptable options. However, the outcomes after fixation of Garden I and II FN fractures have not been uniformly positive, with the rates of revision surgery ranging from 8% to 27%. Complications after fixation of nondisplaced FN fractures include nonunion, fixation failure, osteonecrosis, and femoral shortening causing inferior hip function. For these reasons, arthroplasty is increasingly considered a viable option in the treatment of these fractures, especially in the presence of factors that predispose to failure after fixation. Novel devices for FN fixation have recently been developed, although clinical data supporting their use are sparse at the present time.
Navicular Stress Fractures
Authors: Patel Karan A. , Christopher Zachary K. , Drakos Mark C. , O'Malley Martin J.
Published: November 2020

Navicular stress fractures are multifactorial injuries due to chronic overload on the navicular, particularly in young athletes. The navicular is subject to unique stresses and has a complex blood supply, making it susceptible to stress fractures and potentially delayed union or nonunion. Expeditious diagnosis is critical to prevent a delay in treatment and a poor outcome. Advanced imaging is essential in making the diagnosis and monitoring healing. Both nonsurgical and surgical treatments have demonstrated good results. Nonsurgical management consists of a period of immobilization and nonweight bearing, and surgical management typically involves open reduction and internal fixation. Patients need to be appropriately counseled regarding expectations for these challenging injuries.
The seismic design of industrial plants
Authors: Evison Roger D. , Mowat Allan F.
Published: November 2020

This paper describes and discusses a practical approach to formulating rational and economic procedures for the seismic design of industrial plants and of petrochemical plants in particular, on the basis of the current New Zealand Loadings Code for Buildings, NZS 4203:1976. The authors' firm was engaged as consultants for the seismic design (inter alia) of the Ammonia and Urea Plants and offsites for the Kapuni Fertiliser Complex. This paper is a result of that work. and will also be published in ‘Transactions of the Institution of Professional Engineers New Zealand’.
Simulation study of tram priorities effectiveness implemented in traffic control system
Authors: Czerliński Mirosław , Ruść Rafał , Suda Józef
Published: November 2020

One of the elements of implemented in Poland traffic control systems is module of priorities for public transport. Essence of working priority and the basic indicators of its effectiveness were presented. Among methods for testing the effectiveness of the priority, there has been distinguished economic and simulation approach. An example of priority research based on simulation of chosen street in Bydgoszcz was shown, using Vissim simulation environment. Developed simulation model, its connection to the control system, adopted detection system and 4 tested control strategies were also described. Then, the simulation and its results were presented. In results discussion they were compared in terms of adopted control strategies. In summary, possibility of a future study extension was also indicated.
Non-uniformities and defects in materials of passenger car tyres-selected issues
Authors: Bęczkowska Sylwia , Korzeb Jarosław , Koziak Seweryn , Opala Michał , Weyssenhoff Andrzej
Published: November 2020

The article analyses the selected defects and consequences which may result from the use of defective tires for passenger cars. It also describes the assembly of the tires and the materials used in its production. In the article the authors presented their research methods and acceptable parameters of the measurements of non-uniformity of materials.
Preliminary studies of vibroacoustic signal images in the context of identification of a passing rail vehicle
Authors: Burdzik Rafał , Słowiński Paweł , Konieczny Łukasz
Published: November 2020

Passing rail vehicles generate vibrations and noise. In most studies, these phenomena are analyzed in terms of impact on people, the environment and railway infrastructure. However, using the vibroacoustic methodology, generated vibration and noise signals can be treated as information carriers. The vast majority of publications in the field of vibroacoustics analyze the usability of signals to determine the technical condition of machines and systems. For many years Professor Rafał Burdzik has been conducting research in the area of vibration and noise propagation analysis in means of transport. As a result of this work, a new research hypothesis was developed as the ability to identify a vehicle or trainset based on recorded images of vibroacoustic signals. The article presents the results of preliminary tests, during which rail vibrations were recorded in three orthogonal axes and acoustic pressure signals in the axis perpendicular to the railway route.
Study selected connection in the exhaust system with including acoustical analysis
Authors: Gągorowski Andrzej
Published: November 2020

The article presents the research of the selected type of exhaust system connection on the example of the component with a specific bending angle and connecting the exhaust manifold with the catalyst. The actual solution with an arched cylindrical structure was modeled and the influence of curvature parameters on changes in acoustic energy attenuation was determined. Modeling and simulations of acoustic gas-dynamic flows in the exhaust system were conducted using specialized computational package CFD (Computer Fluid Dynamics), namely the AVL AST. In order to quantify the degree of influence for the assumed degree of curving of the connecting element, the structure with the rectilinear element was compared (with a straight connector).
Hazard identification of factors affecting the operational safety of the ship on inland waterways in the Vistula delta
Authors: Jerzyło Patrycja , Wawrzyńska Aleksandra
Published: November 2020

Every year in Poland, on the inland waterways, accidents and incidents are registered by the Offshore Shipping Offices, the State Fire Service and the Police. Improving the level of security requires indepth analysis and drawing conclusions from emerging emergency situations. It is important to identify and systematize the threats occurring in inland waterway, which will allow for the selection of effective methods of counteracting them and increasing the level of safety on restricted waters.
The aim of the work is to analyze the course of proceedings when conducting the analysis of identification of threats affecting the safety of ship operation and analysis of the source and consequences of accidents and incidents that took place on the inland waterway in the Vistula delta in recent years. The course of action in solving the research problem posed involves three stages: an analysis of the current state, hazard identification and model verification.
Knowledge of the causes and consequences of accidents in inland navigation may be used to create safety standards and procedures, as well as to improve their functioning. It is very desirable to eliminate similar adverse events in the future. One of the methods al-lowing for the detection and proper verification of sources, course and consequences of events occurring in inland navigation is the analysis of sources of causes and consequences. It allows the identification of initiating agents and a further sequence of events, which in turn contributes to the improvement of the level of navigational safety.
Scientific instruments supporting the city bus fleet conversion from the conventional one to the electric powered
Authors: Karoń Grzegorz , Krawiec Krzysztof , Krawiec Stanisław , Kłos Marcin , Markusik Sylwester , Sobota Aleksander , Żochowska Renata
Published: November 2020

The article presents the dilemmas of choosing the right methodical instruments, that should support the process of converting the fleet of city buses from the conventional one to the electric powered. This process should be scientifically supported in all these dimensions, which serve various stakeholders involved in this problem. The authors presented the general structure of the fleet conversion problem, the necessary submodels and proposed a description method in the form of a process convention and in a system-functional approach, as well as they proposed IT support for the modelling itself and the process of conversion.
Transitions in ERTMS/ETCS system
Authors: Kochan Andrzej , Koper Emilia , Ilczuk Przemysław , Gruba Łukasz
Published: November 2020

The article concerns the issue of transition in ERTMS/ETCS system. The document discusses the selection and distribution of balises relevant for transition. The possibilities and limitations resulting from the selected configuration of the system in the scope of balises are presented. General principles of transition execution were also presented and a unified description of transitions between ERTMS/ETCS levels was proposed. The article describes balis groups important from the point of view of transition and telegrams exchanged in the process of transition. The selected example shows a description of transitions, including specified functional steps, their variants and an analysis of hazards for particular stages. The article highlights the complexity of the transition process and the fact that the issue of transition between the levels of ERTMS/ETCS system will be a real challenge for the railway industry in the upcoming years.
The use of a continuous wavelet transform in the diagnostics of technical condition of a shock absorber built in automotive vehicle
Authors: Konieczny Łukasz , Burdzik Rafał
Published: November 2020

Diagnosing the technical condition of shock absorbers installed in automotive suspensions is a difficult issue due to the fact that these are elements of a complex mechanical system containing elastic and damping elements with nonlinear characteristics that degrade during operation. The paper presents the result of testing car with shock absorbers with programmed faults on the harmonic stand. The test object was a Fiat Seicento passenger car. The research experiment consisted in stimulating the vehicle to vibrations of forced masses, unsprung and sprung, and registration of vibration accelerations of these masses. The tests were subjected to shock absorbers with programmed faults in the form of loss of shock absorber fluid from 100% to 35% for rear shock absorbers. The acceleration of plates, swingarm (unsprung masses) and bodywork (sprung masses) were recorded by acceleration sensors. The results obtained in this way were subjected to wavelet analysis using the Morlet wavelet in the MatLab environment and based on these transformations the maximum of vibration amplitudes were determined depending on the degree of loss of the shock absorber fluid.
Application of the method of failure mode and effect analysis in the assessment of operation of a selected logistics facility
Authors: Kostrzewski Mariusz
Published: November 2020

The subject of this paper is the analysis of the risk of undesirable phenomena occurrence in a logistic facility such as a liquid fuel storage station, in which the processes of storage and handling of liquid fuels are accomplished. The FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) method was used to analyze and assess risk factors. The paper presents the formal model of the method developed by the paper’s author (expressed both with the use of quantitative and qualitative parameters), as well as an example of the method’s and model’s application.
The concept of modeling the consequences of the airport operational interruption using the artificial neural networks
Authors: Kozłowski Michał , Manerowski Jerzy
Published: November 2020

The article presents the preliminary results of research on the possibility of using artificial neural networks for modelling the consequences of continuity incidents in the operation of the airport. The real data and the JETNET 2.1. software were used to carry out the research. The obtained results were analyzed and discussed, in the context of a defined problematic issue, leading to the conclusions of purposefulness and practical possibilities for using artificial neural networks model to support the decision-making processes of management of airport continuity incident.
Analysis of selected ITS services used in urban public transport
Authors: Lach Damian , Macioszek Elżbieta
Published: November 2020

Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) are a set of tools that enable better and more efficient use of existing road infrastructure. They support the operation of transport systems in selected areas. ITS services are not only related to the improvement of cars traffic conditions but also to the functioning of urban public transport in the area of their impact. Thanks to the available ITS functions, supervision over the functioning of urban public transport has become easier and allows to achieve the intended effects in the form of increasing the importance of urban public transport (UPT) in transport systems of cities and agglomerations. Establishing transport priorities for UPT vehicles, closing streets for cars, supervising the movement of UPT vehicles, dynamic passenger information systems or immediate response to emergency situations is one of many available ITS functions in public transport. The article presents an analysis of the functioning of selected ITS services supporting the functioning of urban public transport in selected areas of the Silesian Voivodeship.
Problematics of the selection of propulsion of inland waterway vessels in the aspect of efficiency, safety and ecology
Authors: Łosiewicz Zbigniew , Kaup Magdalena , Mironiuk Waldemar
Published: November 2020

The paper proposes criteria for the evaluation of characteristics of propulsion units can be used on inland waterway vessels. Diagrams of dependence of the selection of the drive unit on the fuel used and on the body of water are presented. These diagrams may serve as algorithms of actions facilitating rational selection of the propulsion unit within the framework of optimisation of solutions applied in inland navigation.
Simulation analysis of the selected control algorithms for semiactive suspension
Authors: Melnik Rafał , Koziak Seweryn , Dižo Ján
Published: November 2020

Semiactive suspenesion enables variable damping to improve comfort and road handling. The method of damping force adjustment is dependent on technical solution and damper design, as well as control algorithm. Selection of adequate control policy is a topic brought up by many researchers worldwide and new semiactive suspension control algorithms are being developed which are formulated mostly for a quarter car model. The aim of the study is to answer the question, if the direct transfer of the selected control algorithms from a quarter car to the 7 degrees of freedom model, with virtually no modifications, will preserve control functions.
Use of 3D technology for air transportability testing
Authors: Mieteń Marcin , Kończak Jarosław , Grzesiak Jerzy
Published: November 2020

Authors at work focused on the possibilities of using reverse engineering to study transport susceptibility of vehicles for air transport. The use of a 3D scanner gives the possibility of mapping in the form of a point cloud of the actual vehicle with all the defects and shortcomings that arose on the production line. Only 5 Hercules C-130 transport aircraft are used in the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland. For this simple reason, access to these aircraft is limited. The aircraft's reloaded in 3D technology gives the possibility of a virtual fitting of the tested vehicle to the plane.
Role of a switch point mechanism/switch point assembly in a transport system
Authors: Młyńczak Jakub
Published: November 2020

The contemporary literature of the subject lacks explicit determination of the role performed in rail transport systems by certain major components and assemblies used in rail transportation. One typically perceives the technical solutions applied in railway engineering as an entire body of solutions or as a subsystem, without properly emphasising the impact of defects on the operating efficiency of the rail transport system and without the due regard to safety in this domain of transport. The switch point mechanism/switch point assembly is an important component of a rail transport system. This article is an attempt to identify the role and importance of this assembly in a rail transport system.
Strength of the semitrailer’s roof in the aspect of road traffic safety
Authors: Nader Mirosław , Kielczyk Krzysztof
Published: November 2020

Stable and slidable roofs of the semitrailers are usually characterized by low weight and easy handling, which equals directly into comfort of use, longevity of the system and the time needed to open or close. However, not always an operational advantages of roofs go hand in hand with their durability, especially in the snowfall situation or sudden changes of the road lane by a set of vehicles: a truck tractor – a semitrailer. The analysis of homologation regulations shows that today there are no precise requirements and physical testing / strength methods for assembled roofs of the semitrailers as components. The test methods for complete vehicle bodies (including the roof), which have destructive nature, are described in European standards, e.g. EN 12642:2017 "Securing of cargo on road vehicles – Body structure of commercial vehicles – Minimum requirements" [6], internal German regulations, e.g. VDI 2700:2004 "Securing of loads on road vehicles" [8] or Directive DCE 9.5:2008 ”Load security for transportation of load containers on utility vehicles in road traffic” [7]. A non-destructive, possible to perform, testing method for the roof as a component - is calculation method. The results of the performed tests allow to conduct development works over improving the vehicle’s system security (including the introduction of new semitrailers roofs design solutions and verification of existing ones). The carried out strength tests give possibilities to optimize and adapt the roofs to the transported loads, e.g. stable lifting roofs used in transport of divisible loads, or sliding roofs used in the transport of non-separate loads. The strength testing of the semitrailer’s roofs is highly justified from the point of view of securing the load and safety of passengers, drivers and other road users primarily. The requirements and limitations of the mentioned testing methods are not - in the authors opinion - 100% of realistic and possible deformation during the real vehicle’s road traffic. On the other hand, the cited documents exists as recognized regulators in the international arena of the road traffic legislation. The work’s aim is demonstrating the benefits of using reinforced roofs in all types of the semitrailer’s bodyworks.
Cargo tram as a way to reduce noise in cities
Authors: Orczyk Małgorzata , Tomaszewski Franciszek
Published: November 2020

The article discusses the methods of noise reduction in large cities and comments on the permissible city noise values specified in the Regulation of the Minister of the Environment. On the example of the city of Poznan, the actual values of the noise level in selected places and routes were presented. A brief history and contemporary projects of using trams in the city were presented. The idea of cargo tramway in Poznan was presented as a way to reduce urban noise. This proposal is beneficial not only for the environment, but also for reducing onerous urban traffic and reducing parking spaces occupied and blocked by delivery vehicles.
The concept of driver takeover assessment in the vehicles with conditional automation
Authors: Razin Paula , Grabarek Iwona
Published: November 2020

The article presents the concept of driver takeover assessment in the vehicles with conditional automation. The signals are used to inform the driver about the necessity to take over the control in automated vehicles when considering automated driving scenarios (e.g. highway chauffeur). The article presents preliminary results of the research concerning the efficiency of different modality signals. The research was carried out on multisensoric stand in driving simulator AS1200-6. Such research on one hand enabled the verification of the efficiency of multisensoric stand’s operation. On the other hand, it helped to answer a significant research question regarding the efficient way of communicating with a driver through the use of HMI interface, in order to minimize the time of taking over the control of the vehicle. Time necessary for taking over the control was one of the main analyzed parameters. Results of the test indicate that the effectiveness of information transfer depends on its form. The examinees achieved the best results when informed through visual and auditory interfaces (t = 3,84 s). Obtained results are going to serve to formulate the recommendations for automotive. The next research stage will be to analyze the maneuvers taken after taking over the control and the assessment of their correctness.
Selection procedure for adaptation devices helping car by driver with disability
Authors: Stasiak-Cieślak Beata
Published: November 2020

The vehicle's equipment in specialized adaptations for drivers with disabilities requires knowledge of many issues, both anatomical, technical, procedural and psychological. In Poland, there are not many experts who have experience in comprehensive customer service with specific needs while driving. The article presents assumptions used to develop an algorithm for the selection of adaptive devices. The algorithm has the form of an expert database and contains: a description of possible dysfunctions, rules for the selection of adaptive devices and offers of European companies regarding specific adaptive solutions. The algorithm developed the knowledge and practice in the field of functional tests carried out in the Automotive Service Centre for the Disabled at the Institute of Motor Transport and serving people with difficult motor dysfunctions. The continuous development of adaptive instrumentation makes it convenient conditions for realizing the important need of mobility of people with disabilities. However, the process by which a disabled person has to pass to get a converted car is often complicated and time-consuming. Adaptation of a car is a very difficult task that requires specialist knowledge and experience. Presentation of existing procedures: from a simple Adaptation Selection Module to a more complicated algorithm, it should pay attention to the need to implement such solutions, among others for the needs of driving instructors or certifying doctors.
Multicriteria evaluation of the car park guidance system
Authors: Wojciechowska Aleksandra , Sawicka Hanna
Published: November 2020

The paper presents the selection of the most appropriate car park guidance system according to the evaluation criteria. For this purpose two technologies have been analyzed, which are as follows: the magnetic sensors’ system and the video image processing system. Due to significant differences between them, the multicriteria decision aiding method – Promethee II has been applied. Various aspects related to the operation and implementation of these systems have been taken into account, including: technical (resistance to vandalism, resistance to adverse weather conditions), organizational (assembly time) or economical (cost of implementation and operation of the system). The experiments have led to the ranking of variants. Next, the sensitivity analysis has been carried out aiming at verification of results. The recommended compromise variant is the car park guidance system based on video image processing system.
Alternative fuels in public transport and restrictions contained on their use
Authors: Ziembicki Marek , Pyza Dariusz
Published: November 2020

European transport policy assumes reducing the negative impact of transport on the natural environment and improving the energy efficiency of means of transport. European cities undertake numerous activities aimed at limiting the use of diesel-powered vehicles and introducing solutions free of toxic substances. The first part of the paper is devoted to the attempt to find an answer to the question at what stage of development there are currently low and zero emission vehicles in public transport. The second part will present the current research on the use of low-emission vehicles in public transport on the example of the largest carrier in Poland. The paper presents the results of research and statistics collected since 2015, mainly electric buses running every day on various routes of communication lines in Warsaw.
Selected aspects of modelling the system on the example of search and rescue service
Authors: Chamier-Gliszczyński Norbert , Fiuk Jerzy
Published: November 2020

The article is an attempt to present the aspect of modelling the system on the example of air maritime rescue interpreted as SAR service (Search and Rescue). The necessity and need for the existence of the SAR service results from the International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue signed by Poland. An important element of the structure of the SAR service are its individual elements (eg. location of air bases, etc.). The time of arrival in places far away from the currently existing SAR air service bases is so significant that it may cause the failure of the action. The question arises whether increasing the number of airbases gives a chance to reduce the system's operating costs, increase its efficiency and thereby raise the level of safety at sea and in the area of responsibility of the SAR service. For the full analysis of the functioning of the SAR service it is necessary to undertake optimization studies. Due to the complexity of the SAR service, it should be considered in systemic categories. Authors interpreting aviation SAR service in the form of a system whose mapping is the SAR system model undertakes research aimed at optimizing the operation of this service.
The issue of indicative assessment of the logistics system in the aspect of the conception of logistics audit 9A
Authors: Chamier-Gliszczyński Norbert , Staniuk Wiesław , Staniuk Michał
Published: November 2020

The present article constitutes an attempt to present the issues of an indicative assessment of logistics systems. In the aspect of these activities, the author’s tool: Logistics Audit 9A was presented in this article. It complements those indicative assessment tools of logistics enterprises that are commonly used in practice. Practical tests of the indicative assessment of logistics systems according to Logistics Audit 9A methodology were conducted on the example of three enterprises that function in one sector and which, over the period of three years, implemented different logistics solutions. The results of the study are presented in the chapter that includes an example of logistics system assessment.
The use of computer simulation for analysing the logistics networks resilience
Authors: Feliks Jerzy , Karkula Marek , Majewska Katarzyna
Published: November 2020

Logistic networks are complex systems, composed of many elements connected through nonlinear relations. This property makes it difficult to study these systems with traditional analytical methods. Therefore, computer simulation is a valuable tool in the practical applications of modeling the structure of the logistics network, the relationship between its components and the rules controling its functioning. The simulation model can be run in order to imitate the operation of the actual system in a given time interval and analyze its behavior under different scenarios. In the paper resilience measures for logistic networks are proposed and a multi-method approach of computer simulation for analysing their resistance is presented. The proposed concept allows determining and checking the possibilities ways of building long-term robustness of logistics networks for serious disturbances. The application of the model is illustrated by an example from the steel industry. AnyLogic 8.2 software was used for the implementation.
Priorities for transit and cyclists - case study: bus-lane on Garbary street in Poznań
Authors: Gawełek Lech , Góral-Gawełek Emilia , Pluta Grzegorz , Fierek Szymon
Published: November 2020

The motorization rate in many Polish cities is growing year by year. In many of cases, (e.g. Poznań), it is the highest value in in Europe (over 600 passenger cars per 1000 inhabitants). Taken this into account together with migration of inhabitants to suburban areas and their daily commuting by car to the city, the effect is excessive congestion of streets and associated with it increasion of exhaust emission and noise, deterioration of safety and, consequently, a decrease in the quality of life in the city. With this in mind, a number of actions have to be taken to increase the share of travels by mass transit. It is also necessary to change social acceptance for priorities for collective transport, alternative communication, traffic calming or parking restrictions in the city center. The article presents proposals for solutions facilitating the simultaneous movement of public mass transport and bicycles on the example of a separate lane on Garbary Street in Poznań. The authors carried out motion studies, built a simulation model and analyzed the possibility of joint use of BUS lanes by buses and bicycles at various levels of bicycle traffic.
Use of civil transport on the need for Polish Armed Forces
Authors: Jałowiec Tomasz
Published: November 2020

Ensuring efficient and timely movement of troops, military equipment as well as means of supply during peace, crisis and war is an extremely complex process. Its proper implementation in many cases requires the use of not only military capabilities, but also more often it is necessary to be supported by the civilian fleet. Support by external contractors (commercial carriers) is a significant complement and strengthening of military transport capacities in military operations and non-military operations conducted in particular during peacetime. The article, based on performed researches has identified the essence of logistic military-civil cooperation in the area of transport.
The characteristics of multicriteria vehicle routing problem with soft time windows
Authors: Kubek Daniel
Published: November 2020

The article aims to define a model for a popular and important issue of vehicle routes planning in urban areas. The proposed model has been formulated in a multi-criteria form, which additionally takes into account reverse of good flows and soft time windows. The basic characteristics and usability of the model were analysed by numerous computational experiments. The data for experiments were based on the actual road network of the city of Krakow.
Predictive model for vehicle routing problem under uncertainty with artificial neural network application
Authors: Kubek Daniel , Więcek Paweł
Published: November 2020

The article presents the author's approach to planning vehicle routes in conditions of uncertainty, which is based on short-term forecasts of the travel time in the city's road network. The prediction model was created on the basis of the artificial neural networks. The uncertainty of the time value was modelled on the basis of the estimated values of the forecast and its errors, which were used to define the set of uncertainty for the parameters of the vehicle route planning model. The characteristics and advantages of the proposed methodology are illustrated on the basis of a simulation example based on a selected road network of the city of Kraków.
Variants of the organization in transport in the distribution system
Authors: Pyza Dariusz , Miętus Monika
Published: November 2020

Distribution occupies a significant place in the elements of the logistics chain, because its main task is to meet the expectations set by the customer. The decisions regarding the method of selling goods made in enterprises can be classified as strategic. Their direct consequence is the company's economic effects. The article analyzed the popularity of transport in the distribution system and developed variant ways of delivering goods for a specific group of goods. An important research problem is the identification of distribution channels, which gather dependent and interacting organizations involved in the process of meeting the requirements of the buyer. An unambiguous assessment of the choice of distribution system depends on many criteria, which depending on the demand may be different. The most common criterion used to select a carriage is the time and cost of the task. The specificity of distribution systems shows that full-truck and groupage systems are the most often chosen.
Organization of transport of dangerous goods road transport
Authors: Rogalski Grzegorz , Pyza Dariusz
Published: November 2020

The article presents selected problems of organization of dangerous goods transport. The transport of dangerous goods in accordance with safety regulations and standards guarantees not only the minimization of hazards resulting from the transport of hazardous materials, but also its full effectiveness. Selection of the type of packaging and means of transport depending on the threats posed by a specific dangerous product, it affects the safety of transport and the external environment. In this sense, the article presents the characteristics of legal acts related to the transport of hazardous materials, the conditions of safe transport and the obligations of participants in the transport process.
Choosing the technology of transport in the aspect of comodality in logistic chains
Authors: Tkaczyk Sławomir
Published: November 2020

The choice of means of transport (selection of the type / branch of transport, size and number of means of transport) allows to limit the costs of transport operations to principals, which constitute a significant share of the price of the offered products. It also allows rationally adjusting the time and frequency of deliveries according to the expectations of the clients. The choice of transport technology (means of transport) was made in the aspect of transport commodality in the selected logistics chain, taking into account the existing connections between the points of cargo dispatch and collection, and existing transhipment points (logistics centers) and multi-level distribution. The article presents a method of selecting transport technology (selection of different types of external transport used in various transport modes and various types of internal transport) to carry out a given transport task in a selected logistics chain. The method allows to determine such a plan (determining the order of transport operations using properly selected means of transport), for which the total cost / time of transport is minimal.
The issue of supply model update in the microscopic traffic flow simulation for the Poznan agglomeration
Authors: Walerjańczyk Waldemar
Published: November 2020

The development of MATSim scenario for the Poznan agglomeration has revealed some weak points in so far approach to creating road network model and its use in simulation. Decision was made to change approach toward incorporating turn restrictions into model (with use of MATSim Lanes extension) and automating update process from OSM data. A special verification and conversion algorithm has been developed, implemented and assessed. The most important aspects of this process has been presented in this paper.
Analysis of selected optimization methods in road transport
Authors: Woźniak Waldemar , Stryjski Roman , Mielniczuk Janusz , Wojnarowski Tomasz
Published: November 2020

The article presents practical solutions to the problem of allocation of transport orders to available transport means in road transport. For this purpose, a comparative analysis of the selected optimization method used in the TSL industry with the own solution was made. The proposed algorithm for effective allocation of selected transport orders was developed based on heuristic methods. It was proposed to use the algorithm as a tool to support the work of shippers to obtain cost-effective transport orders from electronic transport exchanges.
Analysis and evaluation of logistic operators market in Poland
Authors: Zelkowski Jarosław , Gontarczyk Mariusz , Kijek Magdalena , Owczarek Paulina
Published: November 2020

The article characterizes logistic operators which provide various services. Attention was paid to the appropriate preparation of the evaluation procedure, in particular considering the identification of assessment criteria and the selection of methods. This will enable customers to make the right decisions to outsource services to reliable operators. It was pointed out that multicriterial comparative analyzes are particularly useful for the assessment of logistic companies, because they allow to study objects in a holistic way, taking into account various aspects of the activities of such entities. The method of numeric taxonomy with selected stages of the AHP method was proposed for the practical implementation of the assessment of logistic operators.
Barriers to Providing High-Quality Nursing Care in Intensive Care Units: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Rezaee Nasrin , Ghaljeh Mahnaz , Salar Alireza
Published: November 2020

Background: Providing high-quality nursing care is the vision of healthcare systems. Several factors contribute to providing high-quality care, which many of them need further investigation. In this line, qualitative research that helps researchers to access the thoughts and feelings of participants can play an important role in identifying care challenges. Objectives: Therefore, this study aimed to identify nurses’ concerns about the nursing care quality process in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Methods: In this study, a conventional content analysis was used for data analyses. Data were collected by unstructured interviews with 10 ICU nurses. Participants were selected using the purposive sampling technique. The sampling continued upon reaching data saturation. Results: In total 290 codes were extracted, that using analysis and compare were categorized into three 3 main categories: "care barriers ", "motivational barriers ", and "management barriers ". Twelve sub categories were also extracted, including: "high workload", "not considering the educational needs", "not considering the work standards", "out of duty cares", "ward's bad structure", "personal motivation shortage", "poor work motivation", "personal and organizational motivation interference", "rules without work support", "work inconsistency in the ward", "keeping the position", and "inefficient communications between nurses and physicians". Conclusions: In this study, barriers to nursing high-quality care and its related motivational and managerial dimensions were investigated. In other words, the present study identified barriers in different dimensions, and by identifying the effective factors in providing quality care has facilitated the implementation of measures to address the problems.
Effect of Resistance Training Along with Curcumin Supplementation on Expression of Some Regulator Genes Associated with Cardiac Muscle Structure in Obese Rats
Authors: Rauofi Atefeh , Farsi Sirous , Hosseini Seyed Ali
Published: November 2020

Background: Reduced physical activity can cause obesity and metabolic syndrome, leading to fibrosis in cardiac muscles and premature cardiac aging. Physical activity, along with herbal supplements, can have a synergistic effect on preventing cardiac muscle proteolysis. Objectives: In this study, the effects of curcumin and resistance training were assessed on cardiac muscle atrophy in obese rats. Methods: Twenty-four male Sprague rats were categorized into four groups, including the placebo, resistance training, curcumin, and resistance training + curcumin. Resistance training was performed three times a week with three sets in each session, repeated five times for eight weeks. During this time, 150 mg/kg curcumin was administered through gavage. Twenty-four hours after finishing resistance training, surgery was performed on the cardiac muscle, and gene expressions of PGC1-α, FOXO1, Murf-1, Atrogin, Collagen1, and Collagen 3 were assessed with real-time PCR. Results: The expression of PGC1-α and FOXO1 genes in both resistance training and resistance training+curcumin groups significantly increased and decreased, respectively, compared to the control group (P = 0.001). The MuRF1 expression in the curcumin+resistance training group decreased significantly (P = 0.013) compared to the placebo and curcumin groups. The expression of collagen type 1 and type 2 in all the three treatment groups had significant decreases compared to the placebo group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Considering the results of this study, resistance training and curcumin supplement each alone can prevent cardiac muscle atrophy. However, the simultaneous use of curcumin supplement and resistance training can lead to synergistic effects.
Catecholamines inhibit insulin‐stimulated glucose transport in adipocytes, in the presence of adenosine deaminase
Authors: Green Allan
Published: July 2002

Epinephrine, norepinephrine and isoproterenol completely inhibited insulin‐stimulated 2‐deoxyglucose uptake by rat adipocytes, but only when adenosine was prevented from accumulating in the incubation medium by addition of adenosine deaminase. Basal uptake rates were not affected. The effects were not observed in the presence of adenosine dreaminase plus N
6‐phenylisopropyl adenosine (a non‐metabolizable adenosine analogue), suggesting that it is the lowered adenosine level rather than the presence of the enzyme itself which allows the catecholamines to inhibit insulin action. The inhibitory effects of the catecholamines were blocked by propranolol but not phentolamine, suggesting that they are mediated via β‐adrenergic receptors.
Specific alignment of nucleosomes on DNA correlates with periodic distribution of purine—pyrimidine and pyrimidine—purine dimers
Authors: Zhurkin Victor B.
Published: July 2002

Comparison of the X‐ray data and results of conformational analysis reveals the sequence‐dependent helical anisotropy of DNA: purine—pyrimidine (RY) and pyrmidine—purine (YR) dimers prefer bending in the opposite directions. On this basis it is suggested that in the optimal nucleosomal DNA sequence the RY and YR dinucleotides alternate at intervals of 5–6 basepairs. Examination of the cases with the known disposition of nucleosomes confirms this concept.
Histone gene expression in Physarum polycephalum 2
Authors: Kelly P.M. , Schofield P.N. , Walker I.O.
Published: July 2002

The addition of hydroxyurea to synchronously growing macroplasmodia of the slime mould, Physarum polycephalum, inhibited DNA synthesis by up to 90%. Histone protein synthesis was inhibited to the same extent. The synthesis of other nuclear proteins was not inhibited even though total RNA synthesis was inhibited. The results suggest that histone synthesis and DNA replication are tightly coupled.
Differentiation induction of murine erythroleukemia cells by butylated hydroxytoluene
Authors: Ohno Yoko , Takuma Tomoko , Asahi Ken-ichi , Isono Kiyoshi
Published: July 2002

Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) which is widely used as an anti‐oxidant in food has been found to induce the differentiation of murine erythroleukemia cells. BHT also amplifies the differentiation inducing activity of DMSO.