bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-temperature high-elongation resistance strain gauges
Authors: Bertodo R
Published: July 2007

The paper outlines an investigation undertaken in an attempt to evolve an electrical-resistance strain gauge for the measurement of slowly varying strains in the range ±5 per cent over the temperature interval 20°C-400°C in oxidizing environments. A critical review of published work suggested that few pertinent data existed for plastically strained conductors and that only alloys having a high degree of electrical stability and a strain sensitivity close to 2·0 would be suitable. Two alloys appeared to possess such properties, namely one containing nearly equal molecular proportions of nickel and copper and one approximating to 4(Ni3Cr)Ni3Al.

Subsequent tests on long free spcimens revealed that the electrical stability was dictated by metallurgical factors and in some way related to the fatigue ductility. Only the nickel-chromium-aluminium alloy was adequately stable, electrically and metallurgically, over the temperature range of interest, provided it was in the disordered annealed condition. Measurement errors became too high at fatigue strains above ±1·5 per cent at 400°C.

Tests were carried out on flat-grid gauges with bonding media having shear strengths in excess of about 1000 lb/in2, this being the apparent limiting value for faithful transfer of strains of up to ±1·5 per cent from the specimen to the strin-sensing grid. These largely corroborated earlier tests on free specimens and suggested that strains of up to ±11/2 per cent could be detected with an error of about 10 per cent at 400°C. The zero drift amounted to an equivalent strin of 400 μin/in and this required separate correcton. The problems of temperature compensation for slow cycling rates were similar to those met in conventional steady-strain measurements with electrical-resistance strain gauges and were in no way alleviated by the high strain output available.
Inclusion of shear deflection in the stiffness matrix for a beam element
Authors: Severn R T
Published: July 2007

Shear-deflection terms arise naturally in a finite beam element in bending if the stiffness matrix is obtained on the basis of stress assumption, rather than the more usual displacement assumption.

If the displacement assumption is used, an erroneous addition of the shear-deflection terms to the bending terms can be made if an apparently straightforward approach is utilized.
A new method of determining the isoclinic parameter
Authors: Cernosek J , Perla M
Published: July 2007

The isoclinic parameter can be determined from points of intersection of two systems of characteristic lines called secondary isochromatics. These lines, along which the light intensity is a minimum, can be observed in monochromatic light in an originally linear polariscope with two crossed quarter-wave plates in which the polarizer and analyser have been rotated through small angles in opposite direction.

The theory of the polariscope, based on Jones's metric equations, is given and the influence of imperfect quarter-wave plates is discussed. The effect of light of incorrect wave-length on the resulting error is considered. A disc loaded by two opposite compression forces is used for demonstration of the methods.
Directional effects of prestrain in steel
Authors: Pascoe K J
Published: July 2007

Tension and compression tests were made on specimens cut from a steel plate which had been prestrained by 1·3 per cent, the specimens being at various angles to the prestraining axis. The Bauschinger effect was evident and a similar effect existed to a lesser degree for specimens with axes perpendicular to the straining direction.

Longitudinal and transverse specimens were also tested from plates prestrained in tension by 3 and 5 per cent. The Bauschinger effect was well marked in the longitudinal compression tests but work hardening dominated in the transverse direction.
International Biodiplomacy and Global Ethical Forms: Relations of Critique Between Public Anthropology and Science in Society
Authors: Konrad Monica
Published: July 2007

This essay introduces the concept of "biodiplomacy" through a combination of philosophical reflection, historical and etymological arguments, media reports, critical analyses of bioethics controversies, and the author's own participation as a "diplomat" of anthropology for an international commission about science and society. It explores how the notion of corps diplomatique that once represented the Enlightenment ideal of an exclusive, "family of diplomats" is apparent today as the diffusion of an open, more participatory "global talk." The effects of this development on critical social theory are discussed under the rubric of "biodiplomatica"; particular attention is paid to (i) the immanence of critique as a relational mode of action for interventions in public anthropology, and (ii) the theorist's role in seeking to engage a critically reflexive anthropology of bioethics.
"Christianization" and the Rural Home
Authors: Bowes Kimberly Diane
Published: July 2007

The "Christianization" of the home is taken up here by examining the specific problem of Christian ritual and ritual spaces on the rural estate. It is argued that most worship in rural villas took place outside ecclesiastical supervision or intervention, and instead was shaped by older seigniorial hierarchies. It was this particular sociology of worship that brought domestic worship under episcopal scrutiny. The dissonance between seigniorial and ecclesiastical social structures might leave Christian estates outside episcopally-centered communities, suggesting that the "Christianization" of the rural home might be an ambiguous, fissiparous process rather than a seamless cultural transformation.
Hemingway and the OED
Authors: Oliver Charles M
Published: July 2007

The second print edition of the Oxford English Dictionary (1989) shows 39 entries crediting Hemingway with a word's first use in English, citing dates, titles, and quotations. This note looks at the new words Hemingway has contributed to our language from "crut" to "whunk"; the foreign language borrowings he has given currency—such as bal musette, cojones, and tenente; and even the words reflecting Hemingway himself, such as "Hemingwayesque" and "Hemingwayan."
The Perfect Money Machine(s): George Lucas, Steven Spielberg and Auteurism in the New Hollywood
Authors: Lewis Jon
Published: July 2007

Two of the world's most successful and important filmmakers in the last thirty years, George Lucas and Steven Spielberg, are also the most criticized. Jon Lewis looks back at two careers that has led Hollywood's march from renaissance to blockbuster ressurection.
Nobody's Perfect: Billy Wilder and the Postwar American Cinema
Authors: William Rothman
Published: July 2007

Billy Wilder's reputation as filmmaker is built on his tight, cynical and witty sceenplays. But where is Billy Wilder, the director? In this study of scenes from four filmsDouble Indemnity, Sunset Blvd, Some Like It Hot and The Apartment
William Rothman looks for his signature.
Peter Watkins' Culloden and the alternative form in historical filmmaking
Authors: Nicholas J. Cull
Published: July 2007

Culloden (1964) is considered a landmark production in British TV history. It also launched the career of controversial director Peter Watkins. In this essay Nicholas J Cull gives us the backstory to the film and its maker.
Intermedial Variations in Ingmar Bergman's Writings and Films
Authors: Koskinen Maaret
Published: July 2007

Ingmar Bergman has been the subject of numerous books, but no-one has been allowed into his private collections. Until now. In this excerpt from her new book, Maaret Koskinen publishes documents and stills that reveals important aspects of the director and especially of his early
work.
Race, Class, Gender, and Television Action: Vanishing Son and Martial Law
Authors: Marchetti Gina
Published: July 2007

In recent television series such as Vanishing Son and Martial Law Chinese protagonists have come to function as loci for the apparent resolution of some of the deepest contradictions of contemporary society. In this essay Gina Marchetti demonstrates how these Asian
characters bridge the gap between the working poor and the bourgeoisie, yet always remain outsiders themselves.
Futurist Fears of The Machine
Authors: Lindvall Daniel
Published: July 2007

Cinema should have been the perfect new art form for the Italian Futurists. Yet they made very few works in this new invention. Daniel Lindvall explains why they hesitated to use fllm and the photographic media in general.
Blood, Buns and Body Humour: The films of Lloyd Kaufman
Authors: Mendik Xavier
Published: July 2007

Although the mainstream have continually shunned his work, Xavier Mendik argues that there is far more to films such as The Toxic Avenger and Tromeo and Juliet that just blood and boobs.
Interpretation and Production History: Eyes Wide Shut and Marnie
Authors: Fujiwara Chris , Sjholm Charlotte , Lawrence Bill , Mcgilligan's Patrick , Mattsson Christer , berg Anders , Callahan Dan , Buhle Paul , Sundholm John
Published: July 2007

Michel Chion Eyes Wide Shut
London: BFI 2003

Tony Lee Moral Hitchcock and the Making of Marnie
Manchester: Manchester University Press 2002

Paula Rabinowitz Black & White & Noir: America's Pulp Modernism
New York: Columbia University
Press 2002

Gary Crowdus & Dan Georgakas (eds) The Cineaste Interviews 2: Film-makers, the Art and Politics of the Cinema
New York: Cineaste 2002

John Baxter De Niro: A Biography
London: HarperCollins 2002

Torben Grodal Filmoplevelse en indfring
i audiovisuel teori og analyse
Film experience an introduction to audiovisual theory and analysis Frederiksberg: Samfundslitteratur 2003

Lennard Hjbjerg & Peter Schepelern (eds) Film Style and Story A Tribute to Torben Grodal
Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press
2003

Steve Neale (ed) Genre and Contemporary Hollywood
London: BFI 2002

Geoffrey NowellSmith Luchino Visconti
London: BFI 2003

John Trumpbour Selling Hollywood to the World: US and European Struggles for Mastery of the Global Film Industry, 19201950

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002

David Lavery (ed) This Thing of Ours: Investigating The Sopranos
London: Wallflower Press 2002
The Bombay Film Poster: The Journey from the Street to the Museum
Authors: Mazumdar Ranjani
Published: July 2007

Marketing has always been central to the film industry all over the worls, now more than ever. Here, Ranjani Mazumdar takes us through the short artistic and economic history of film posters in India.
In the Shadows of Hollywood: Continuity and Changes in Canada's Film Industry
Authors: Pendakur Manjunath
Published: July 2007

In the essay on Hollywood's globas dominance from a Canadian perspective, Manjunath Pendakur shows us the spectacular differencies between the conditions under which the film industries of the two neighboring countries produce and distribute film.
War & Images
Authors: Chan Evans
Published: July 2007

Evans Chan on 9/11/01, Susan Sontag, Jean Baudrillard, and Paul Virilio
Book reviews
Authors: Crouse Jeffrey , Gallagher Tag , Dahlquist Marina , Chapman James , Lumholdt Jan , Stockinger Jacob , Wilson Ronald , Wilson Ronald
Published: July 2007

Samuel Fuller
A Third Face: My Tale of Writing, Fighting, and Filmmaking New York: Alfred A Knopf 2002

Jonathan Burt
Animals in Film London: Reaktion Books 2002

Ian MacKillop and Neil Sinyard (eds)
British Cinema of the 1950s: A Celebration
Manchester: Manchester University Press 2003

Peter Hutchings
Dracula (The British Film Guide 7) London: IB Tauris 2003

Mark Connelly
The Charge of the Light Brigade (The British Film Guide 5) London: IB Tauris 2003

Andrew Higson
English Heritage,
English Cinema: Costume Drama Since 1980 Oxford: Oxford University Press 2003

Mette Hjort & lb Bondebjerg (eds)
The Danish Directors: Dialogues on a Contemporary National Cinema London: Intellect 2001

Mette Hjort & Scott MacKenzie (eds)
Purity and
Provocation: Dogma '95 (London: BFI 2003)

John Rockwell
The Idiots (Modern Classic) London: BFI 2003)

Renate Guenther
Marguerite Duras (French Film Directors) Manchester: Manchester University Press 2002

Jack Shadoian
Dreams and Dead Ends:
The American Gangster Film 2nd edition. New York: Oxford University Press 2003

Raymond Borde and Etienne Chaumeton
A Panorama of American Film Noir, 1941-1953
Family Fiction
Authors: Lindstrm Mikael
Published: July 2007

Mikael Lindstrm on the problematic genre of home movies.
DVD Reviews
Authors: Sjholm Charlotte , Niskanen Eija , Lumholdt Jan
Published: July 2007

Night and Fog Nuit et brouillard France 1955

DVD USA 2003

The Pornographers Jinruigaku nyumon Japan 1966

DVD USA 2003

II Posto Italy 1961

DVD USA 2003

I fidanzati Italy 1963

DVD USA 2003
Film Review
Authors: Callahan Dan
Published: July 2007

Lost in Translation USA 2003
Abstraction as a Way of Survival
Authors: Sjholm Charlotte
Published: July 2007

Charlotte Sjholm looks into the narrative strategies of Abbas Kiarostami.
Gone with the Eastern Wind Glasnost in 1980s East European Film
Authors: Moine Caroline
Published: July 2007

Caroline Moine looks back at the Leipzig Film Festival.
The Corporation
Authors: Niskanen Eija
Published: July 2007

Eija Niskanen talks with the filmmakers about the institutional structure of corporations and the film's use of the psychopath as metaphor.
Film reviews
Authors: Sullivan Moira , Tapper Michael
Published: July 2007

Monster Germany/USA 2003

Robin Riley
Film, Faith, and Cultural Conflict: The Case of Martin Scorsese's The Last Temptation of Christ
Westport, Connecticut & London: Praeger 2003

The Passion of the Christ USA 2004
Documents of Revolution, Incompetence and Resistance
Authors: Leslie Esther
Published: July 2007

Esther Leslie in the world of rubbish images of flim, TV, video and surveillance used by documentarists Harun Farocki and lain Sinclair.
Spectres, Marx's Theory of Value, and the Horror Film
Authors: Wayne Mike
Published: July 2007

Spectrality gives us a unique language to think about Marx's critique of capitalism, namely the latter's metaphysics, its idealism and its peculiar dematerialising materialism, says Mike Wayne.
Book review
Authors: Murphy Patrick
Published: July 2007

Hannah Patterson (ed.) The Cinema of Terrence Malick: Poetic Visions of America London: Wallflower Press 2003
Fucking Monsters: Postapocalyptic Desires in Tim Roth's The War Zone
Authors: Lee Charles Jason
Published: July 2007

The War Zone United Kingdom/Italy 1999
Is Bollywood an Imitation of Hollywood?
Authors: Ho Soo Yee
Published: July 2007

An Essay on Western Media Influence on the Indian Movie Industry by Soo Yee Ho.
Planet Osaka
Authors: Schnherr Johannes
Published: July 2007

The Planet Studyo + 1 in Osaka is at once a small movie theatre, a centre for film production and a starting point for the careers of young filmmakers. This is a report from one of the most ambitious independent film making schools in Japan today.
DVD reviews
Authors: Palmer Liza , Niskanen Eija , Armstrong Richard , Chapman James , Anderson Gillian B , Tapper Michael
Published: July 2007

A Film Trilogy by Ingmar Bergman Sweden 1961-1963

Through a Glass Darkly
Ssom i en spegel Sweden 1961

DVD USA 2003

Winter Light
Nattvardsgsterna Sweden 1963

DVD USA 2003

The Silence
Tystnaden Sweden 1963

DVD
USA 2003

Ingmar Bergman Makes a Movie
Ingmar Bergman gr en film Sweden 1963

DVD USA 2003

3 Yasujiro Ozu

Early Summer
Bakushu Japan 1951

DVD USA 2004

A Story of Floating Weeds Ukigusa monogtari Japan 1934

Floating
Weeds Ukigusa Japan 1959

DVD USA 2004

Un Chien andalou France 1929

DVD UK 2004

Les Enfants terribles France 1950

DVD UK, 2004

Piccadilly United Kingdom 1929

DVD United Kingdom 2004

The Leopard/Il Gattopardo
Italy/France, 1963

DVD USA 2004
Throne of Blood: Kurosawa, East and West
Authors: Palmer Tim
Published: July 2007

Throne of Blood
Kumonosu-jo Japan, 1957

DVD USA 2003
The Irrational Enlargement of Queen Kong
Authors: Hunter I.Q
Published: July 2007

One of Britain's most striking entries in the annals of trash cinema
DVD reviews
Authors: Schnherr Johannes
Published: July 2007

Orozco the Embalmer
Orozco el embalsamador/Shi geshou shi orozuko Japan 1999

Captive in School Uniform: Paranoid Garden
Seifuku no furyo: Paranoid Garden Japan 1993
Book reviews
Authors: Ruiz-Alfaro Sofia
Published: July 2007

Nria Triana-Toribio Spanish National Cinema New York: Routledge 2003
Book reviews
Authors: Herbert Daniel , Stanek Tom , Peterson Elizabeth , Deutsch James , Coyne Michael , Schnherr Johannes , Lund Andrew , Kramer Gary M , Scatton-Tessier Michelle
Published: July 2007

Ernesto R. Acevedo-Muoz Buuel and Mexico: The Crisis of National Cinema Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003

Kelly Asbury Dummy Days: America's Favourite Ventriloquists from Radio and Early TV Santa Monica: Angel City Press, 2003

Rikke
Schubert and Anne Gjelsvik, eds. Femme Fatalities: Representations of Strong Women in the Media Sweden: Nordicom, 2004

Ryan Gilbey Groundhog Day (BFI Modern Classics) London: British Film Institute, 2004

Paul Buhle and Dave Wagner Hide in Plain Sight: Hollywood
Blacklistees in Film and Television, 1950-2002 New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005

C. McGivern and Fred Landesman Ronald Reagan: The Hollywood Years Bracknell: Sammon Publishing, 2005

Tom Mes Iron Man: The Cinema of Tsukamoto Godalming: FAB Press, 2005

Lew
Hunter Lew Hunter's Screenwriting 434: The Industry's Premier Teacher Reveals the Secrets of the Successful Screenplay New York: Perigee Books, 2004

Christine Geraghty My Beautiful Laundrette. The British Film Guide 9 (Turner Classic Movies British Film Guides) London:
I.B. Tauris, 2005

Susan Hayward Simone Signoret: The Star as Cultural Sign London: Continuum, 2004
What was Dogme 95?
Authors: Langkjr Birger
Published: July 2007

The storyline of Dogme 95 would never have made it into a film manuscript. There are too many implausible incidents along the way as to be accepted as fiction. But what was it?
Vive L'Amour
Authors: Wood Robin
Published: July 2007

Leaving aside one very early and generally inaccessible feature film and a couple of shorts dealing with gays and AIDS, Tsai Ming-liang's uvre to date reveals an overall unifying pattern that is probably unique in the whole of world cinema.
Bad Language: Some offensive words in contemporary film criticism
Authors: Armstrong Richard
Published: July 2007

In his book Movie Wars (2000), Jonathan Rosenbaum decries the contemporary film-critical landscape, dominated as it is by Hollywood output and the editorial agendas that support it: Symptomatic of the impoverishment of film commentary, is the limited and predictable language
associated with film pages seemingly everywhere English is spoken. If I have to wade through gems', rollercoasters', helmers' and, God forbid, zeitgeisty' for much longer, I am going set fire to myself'
A Pocketful of Angles: F. Scott Fitzgerald's Pat Hobby Stories
Authors: Armstrong Richard
Published: July 2007

At the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce a petition has been lodged to rename the junction of North Hayworth Avenue and Sunset Boulevard after novelist F. Scott Fitzgerald. F. Scott Fitzgerald is an American icon,' writes petitioner Rodger Jacobs. Fitzgerald spent his last years here in
Los Angeles. I don't think a lot of Angelenos know or appreciate that fact' (Jacobs n.d.)
Critical Potpourri: Film literature in India today
Authors: Venkiteswaran C.S
Published: July 2007

As has been pointed out by various scholars of history and the arts, it is futile or impossible to attempt any narrative that purports to speak about or deal with India'. As Paul Willemen observes, paraphrasing Aijaz Ahmad in his Preface to the Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema:
Deadline at Dawn: The film criticism of Judith Williamson
Authors: Armstrong Richard
Published: July 2007

Bringing a new humanism into British film criticism as the Old Left was in decline, Judith Williamson's work was an indignant retort to Thatcherism's assault on the British status quo. It also reiterated the terms for a productive British conversation about film. For Adrian Martin,
Williamson's own collection Deadline at Dawn (Marion Boyars, 1993) remains highly influential, while for Sight and Sound critic Jonathan Romney, she was a pioneer and role model' (Romney 1997: vii)
Film Festivals
Authors: Holmgren Felix
Published: July 2007

Report on Film South Asia '05 in Kathmandu, Nepal, and a snapshot of South Asian documentary cinema
The Last Movie and the critique of imperialism
Authors: Heffernan Nick
Published: July 2007

The story of The Last Movie (1971) has become one of the abiding legends of the New Hollywood that brief flowering of politically and culturally radical film-making that blossomed with the decline of the traditional movie mass audience in the mid-1960s and withered with the arrival
of the big-budget blockbuster in the mid-1970s.
Brokeback Mountain
Authors: Garrett Daniel
Published: July 2007

Annie Proulx's short story Brokeback Mountain is amazing: detailed, observant, naturalistic and smart, it is a story about men and land and love and society in Wyoming, a state of mountains and valleys, greenlands and deserts.
Menstrual Monsters
Authors: Barker Martin , Mathijs Ernest , Mendik Xavier
Published: July 2007

I think it is definitely possible to make feminist horror movies and I think we have proven that with all three Ginger Snaps films. (Paula Devonshire, producer of Ginger Snaps: Unleashed and Ginger Snaps Back: The Beginning)
Menstrual meanings: Brett Sullivan discusses werewolves, hormonal horror & the Ginger Snaps audience research project
Authors: Mendik Xavier
Published: July 2007

As the accompanying article indicates, the Ginger Snaps trilogy offers some intriguing insights into the ways in which viewers construct multiple meanings and modes of identification from the patterns contained within the contemporary horror film.
Magic moments: screen acting from the classical Hollywood era
Authors: Thomas Deborah
Published: July 2007

Film Performance: From Achievement to Appreciation Andrew Klevan, (2005) London: Wallflower Press, 144 pp., ISBN 190476424X (pbk), 19.50
Festival Reviews
Authors: Sullivan Moira
Published: July 2007

On the film festival trail Moira Sullivan, member of the Swedish Film Critics Association and FIPRESCI reports from three 2006 film festivals: Gteborg Film Festival Sweden (26 Jan6 Feb) Crteil Films de Femmes France (1019 March) Udine Far East Film Festival Italy (2129 April)
Rhetoric in film: a cultural semiotical study of Greta Garbo in Ninotchka
Authors: Rdei Anna Cabak
Published: July 2007

Whereas proxemics appears as a rhetoric of the bodies, the Tartu school offers a rhetoric of cultures; it is the deviation that produces meaning. (Sonesson 1995: 71; my translation)
Post-Hetero Sexuality: John Wayne and the construction of American
Authors: Freedman Carl
Published: July 2007

Perhaps no nation is more occupied with the idea of masculinity than the United States of America;
Great cinema, great food, Max Von Sydow's real voice and Goddag from Copenhagen via satellite
Authors: Lumholdt Jan
Published: July 2007

Jan Lumholdt has had a particularly good San Sebastin.
Adapting Flash Gordon
Authors: Mark Bould
Published: July 2007

Oh my God, this film's really turning me on!:
Mina: the magical female
Authors: Joshua Cozine
Published: July 2007

Inferential sexism in The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen
This amazing stranger from the Planet Krypton
Authors: Marek Wasielewski
Published: July 2007

Industrial Design and the Machine Paradigm in the Fleischer Animated Superman shorts 194143
Esquisse d'une typologie des cinmas en Afrique noire
Authors: Tcheuyap Alexie
Published: July 2007

This essay proposes a framework for a typology of films produced in or about Africa from the 1950s to the present. It re-explores the controversial issue of Africanity that should neither be a theoretical ghetto nor another essentialist category. By considering African any cultural
production that involves Africa as a category of analysis, the typology exposed here explores various avenues in the determination of African cinema. It also establishes new theoretical constructs that better reflect the various aesthetic and ideological permutations displayed in post-1990
filmmakers by determining how, beyond various accompanying discourses, film-makers address issues and express them in a new cinematic language.
Books, writing and cultural politics in the Pacific: the New Caledonian Salon du livre, October 2003October 2005
Authors: Brown Peter
Published: July 2007

The second New Caledonian Salon international du livre ocanien (SILO) took place in October 2005. The establishment of this biennial book fair/writers' festival can be understood in the context of the Noumea Accord (1998). In addition to providing for the devolution of powers from Paris
to Noumea, this Accord has called for a greater promotion of Kanak culture and a better distribution of resources within New Caledonia a rquilibrage as well as increased integration of the island within its regional context. To this end, writers, publishers and translators from a number
of Pacific Islands, Australia, New Zealand and metropolitan France were invited to Poindimi on the north-east coast of New Caledonia, a largely Kanak region, for four days of round-table discussions, workshops and other presentations. These proceedings revealed some of the persistent divergences
between the European and Pacific Islander vision (for instance, regarding the question of the exotic), as between Polynesian and Melanesian, anglophone and francophone approaches to the themes of nature, youth, tradition, creativity and identity. Other topics discussed were the value and difficulties
of publication and the situation of France in the Pacific. The literary prizes announced by the Salon under the patronage of Dwe Gorod, New Caledonia's leading (Kanak) writer and its Minister of Culture, resonated with aspects of the cultural politics of the event, the process of reconciliation
and the project of nation building currently under way in New Caledonia.
9/11 in Spanish politics
Authors: Juli Santos
Published: July 2007

Santos Juli reflects on the indirect impact of 9/11 on Spanish politics by making some counterfactual suppositions. He traces the beginning of the People's Party government's trouble back to Jos Mara Aznar's decision to join President Bush at the Azores summit, and criticizes the current
PP politicians for not being able to face up to the mistakes they made in handling the Madrid bombings on 11 March 2004 and the controversial parliamentary elections that followed.
Book Reviews
Authors: Rix Rob , Twomey Lesley , Arniz Carmen , Robinson R.A.H , Ramblado M. Cinta
Published: July 2007

Literary Adaptations in Spanish Cinema, Sally Faulkner (2004) London: Tamesis, 198 pp., ISBN 1-85566-098-9 (hbk), 45

Negotiating Spain and Catalonia: Competing Narratives of National Identity, Len Sols (2003) Bristol: Intellect, 166 pp., ISBN 1-84150-077-1
(pbk), 19.95

A History of AfroHispanic Language. Five centuries, Five Continents, John Lipski (2005) Cambridge: CUP, pp. x 363 pp. (book) 305 (online appendix), ISBN 0-521 82265-3 (hbk), 65.00 (US$ 110.00)

Wales and the Spanish Civil War: The Dragon's Dearest
Cause? Robert Stradling (2004) Cardiff: University of Wales Press, xvi 253 pp., ISBN 0-7083-1817-7 (hbk), 0-7083-1816-9 (pbk)

Crcel de amor. Una historia real en la dictadura franquista, Carmen Gmez Ruiz and Luis Campos Osaba, edited Encarnacin Lemus Lpez (2005) Sevilla:
Fundacin El Monte, 341 pp., ISBN 84-8455-147-4 (pbk), 9 euros
The Internet, deliberative democracy, and power: Radicalizing the public sphere
Authors: Dahlberg Lincoln
Published: July 2007

Deliberative democratic public sphere theory has become increasingly popular in Internet-democracy research and commentary. In terms of informal civic practices, advocates of this theory see the Internet as a means for the expansion of citizen deliberation leading to the formation of
rational public opinion through which official decision makers can be held accountable. In this paper I question this public sphere conception as a democratic norm of Internet practice given that there have been sustained critiques of the deliberative conception for failing to account fully
for power, and thus for supporting status quo social and political systems. I examine these claims and argue that while the deliberative conception actually pays more attention to power than some critics argue, it fails to adequately theorize the power relations involved in defining what counts
as legitimate deliberation. Drawing upon post-Marxist discourse theory, I highlight two inter-related factors that are largely ignored in this boundary setting: discursive radicalism and inter-discursive conflict. I argue that to fully account for these two factors we can refer to an agonistic
public sphere position that is also being drawn upon in Internet-democracy research and commentary. In particular, the concept counter-publics, which is deployed in such work, helps us take into account the democratic role of radical exclusion and associated counter-discursive struggles over
the limits of legitimate deliberation. The result is the radicalization of the public sphere conception.
Public television in small European countries: Challenges and strategies
Authors: Iosifidis Petros
Published: July 2007

This paper investigates the challenges that Public Television (PTV) broadcasters in small Western European countries encounter in a competitive digital broadcasting environment, and looks at the policies and strategies that these broadcasters are adapting in order to remain accountable, competitive and efficient. The paper starts by charting the privileges that PTV broadcasters have enjoyed, notably political support, relatively secure funding and longevity. Then it moves on to analyzing the enormous technological, economic, political and wider social changes that have occurred in the European broadcasting ecology in the past two decades and the competitive and financial challenges these shifts have brought about for the public corporations. The third and final part of the paper focuses on the factors affecting PTV broadcasters operating in the smaller territories of Europe and analyzes the organizational, scheduling and programming strategies adapted by these broadcasters. The paper concludes that PTV in Europe has shown resilience but has largely adapted a more populist tone.
Journalism's missed opportunities
Authors: Bowers Peggy J
Published: July 2007

Modern media practices encourage invocation of serious social issues and problems for dramatic effect, but thwart any substantive discussion of the same. This is unfair to journalists who risk their lives in reporting the news, and leads to detrimental social consequences. Journalism
must re-examine its traditions or risk becoming meaningless in the global society, or worse, an impediment to it.
Class effects and societal effects: Elite and working class attitudes towards political citizenship from a European comparative perspective
Authors: Cabral Manuel Villaverde
Published: July 2007

Comparative studies of civic culture and political attitudes usually have national societies as the unit of analysis. However, in relatively homogenous areas such as Western Europe, differences between countries are frequently less important than those observed between different social
groups within each country. Here, the comparison is centred on a set of social groups the socio-economic elites and the working class sufficiently large to allow for the following observations: (1) to what extent do these groups possess, at an European level, similarities hidden by national
averages and (2) whether the differences observed between European societies possess an explanatory effect on the performance of those groups, i.e. whether there is in operation a pervasive societal effect. Both hypotheses are confirmed, although in Portugal the preponderance of the latter
is significantly greater, i.e. the societal effect tends to prevail over the class effect.
Reviews
Authors: Karantonis Pamela , Nash Paul , MacDonald Laura , Miller Ray
Published: July 2007

Singing Opera in Germany A Practical Guide, Marita Knobel and Brigitte Steinert (eds Jutta Schmoll-Barthel and Diana Rothaug) (2005)Brenreiter: Kassel, 216 pp., ISBN 3761816731 (pbk), 18.00.

Saints in the Limelight: Representations of the Religious Quest on the Post-1945 Operatic Stage, Dimension and Diversity Series No. 5, Siglind Bruhn, (2003)Hillsdale, NY: Pendragon Press, xxvi 636 pp., ISBN 1576470962 (pbk), 36.00

Musical Theater and American Culture, David Walsh and Len Platt, (2003)Westport, CT and London: Praeger, 200 pp., ISBN 027598057X (hbk), 36.99

Before the Parade Passes By: Gower Champion and the Glorious American Musical, John Anthony Gilvey, (2005)New York: St Martin's Press, 371 pp., ISBN 0312337760 (pbk), 20.00
Can A Retail Web Site be Social?
Authors: Wang Liz C. , Baker Julie , Wagner Judy A. , Wakefield Kirk
Published: July 2007

Avatars are lifelike characters created by technology. Research suggests that avatars can increase the persuasiveness of online sales channels. The authors investigate how the social cues inherent in avatars influence consumers' affect and shopping value. In Study 1, social cues induce perceptions of Web site socialness, leading to increased pleasure and arousal, both of which positively influence flow, hedonic and utilitarian value, and patronage intentions. Study 2 finds that social cue–induced arousal leads to increased pleasure only for consumers who are involved with the product category. Moreover, the influence of arousal on hedonic value is stronger for women, flow does not lead to pleasure for older consumers, and utilitarian value is less important for this group than for their younger counterparts. The findings suggest that there is a competitive advantage for online retailers that use social cues that provide consumers with enhanced perceptions of human connection and the formation of emotional bonds.
The Quest for Citations: Drivers of Article Impact
Authors: Stremersch Stefan , Verniers Isabel , Verhoef Peter C.
Published: July 2007

Why do some articles become building blocks for future scholars, whereas others remain unnoticed? The authors aim to answer this question by contrasting, synthesizing, and simultaneously testing three scientometric perspectives—universalism, social constructivism, and presentation—on the influence of article and author characteristics on article citations. They study all articles published in a sample of five major journals in marketing from 1990 to 2002 that are central to the discipline. They count the number of citations each of these articles has received and regress this count on an extensive set of characteristics of the article (i.e., article quality, article domain, title length, the use of attention grabbers, and expositional clarity) and the author (i.e., author visibility and author personal promotion). They find that the number of citations an article in the marketing discipline receives depends more on “what is said” (quality and domain) and “who says it” (author visibility and personal promotion) than on “how it is said” (title length, the use of attention grabbers, and expositional clarity). The insights gleaned from this analysis contribute to the marketing literature and are relevant to scientific stakeholders, such as the management of scientific journals and individual academic scholars, as they strive to maximize citations. They are also relevant to marketing practitioners; they inform practitioners on characteristics of the academic journals in marketing and their relevance to decisions they face. Conversely, the insights also raise challenges regarding how to make journals accessible and relevant to marketing practitioners: (1) Authors visible to academics are not necessarily visible to practitioners; (2) the readability of an article may hurt academic credibility and impact, but it may be instrumental in influencing practitioners; and (3) it remains questionable whether articles that academics assess to be of high quality are also managerially relevant.
The Predictive Validity of Multiple-Item versus Single-Item Measures of the Same Constructs
Authors: Bergkvist Lars , Rossiter John R.
Published: July 2007

This study compares the predictive validity of single-item and multiple-item measures of attitude toward the ad (AAd) and attitude toward the brand (ABrand), which are two of the most widely measured constructs in marketing. The authors assess the ability of AAd to predict ABrand in copy tests of four print advertisements for diverse new products. There is no difference in the predictive validity of the multiple-item and single-item measures. The authors conclude that for the many constructs in marketing that consist of a concrete singular object and a concrete attribute, such as AAd or ABrand, single-item measures should be used.
The Backdoor to Overconsumption: The Effect of Associating “Low-Fat” Food with Health References
Authors: Geyskens Kelly , Pandelaere Mario , Dewitte Siegfried , Warlop Luk
Published: July 2007

Using a priming procedure, the authors study the influence of associating low-fat snack products with contextual health references (e.g., words, such as diet and fiber) on the consumption of these products. Health primes increase consumption of low-fat potato chips (Study 1) and lead consumers to report that they are closer to their ideal weight (Study 2). These results indicate that associating low-fat products with health references may contribute to rather than solve the obesity problem, and they have useful implications for public policy and society.
Mediated Authenticity: Tradition, Modernity, and Postmodernity in Brazilian Candomblé
Authors: Selka Stephen
Published: July 2007

This article explores the interweaving of the traditional, the modern, and the postmodern into the practice of Candomblé, an African-derived religion of Brazil. Multiple and competing perspectives on what is traditional or legitimate Candomblé practice coexist today. Over the course of the twentieth century, such claims about authenticity have been staked by an increasingly wider variety of agents—including government officials, social activists, college professors, and tour guides—and have been mediated by an expanding array of means of representation, including television and the Internet. Here I examine some of the ways that candomblecistas have actively responded to and shaped the shifting context in which they practice their religion.
Mortality and GH deficiency: a nationwide study
Authors: Stochholm Kirstine , Gravholt Claus Højbjerg , Laursen Torben , Laurberg Peter , Andersen Marianne , Kristensen Lars Østergaard , Feldt-Rasmussen Ulla , Christiansen Jens Sandahl , Frydenberg Morten , Green Anders
Published: July 2007

Objective: To estimate the mortality in Denmark in patients suffering from GH deficiency (GHD).

Design: Mortality was analyzed in 1794 GHD patients and 8014 controls matched on age and gender. All records in GHD patients were studied and additional morbidity noted. Patients were divided into childhood onset (CO) and adult onset (AO), discriminated by an age cutoff below or above 18 years at onset of GHD.

Method: Data on death were identified in national registries. Sex- and cause-specific mortalities were identified in CO and AO GHD when compared with controls.

Results: Mortality was increased in CO and AO GHD in both genders, when compared with controls. The hazard ratio (HR) for CO males was 8.3 (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.5–15.1) and for females 9.4 (CI 4.6–19.4). For AO males, HR was 1.9 (CI 1.7–2.2) and for females 3.4 (CI 2.9–4.0). We found a significantly higher HR in AO females versus AO males, both compared with controls (P < 0.001). In AO, mortality was increased due to cancer in all subgroups, due to circulatory diseases in all age groups for females and for males in the oldest age group. For CO, the increased mortality was due to cancer.

Conclusions: We found a significantly increased mortality in GHD patients when compared with controls, possibly due to their hypopituitary status. Mortality was increased in AO female patients when compared with males. For CO and AO GHD, different causes of significantly increased mortality were identified.
A prospective study of sex steroids, sex hormone-binding globulin, and non-vertebral fractures in women and men: the Tromsø Study
Authors: Bjørnerem Åshild , Ahmed Luai Awad , Joakimsen Ragnar Martin , Berntsen Gro K Rosvold , Fønnebø Vinjar , Jørgensen Lone , Øian Pål , Seeman Ego , Straume Bjørn
Published: July 2007

Objectives: As bone fragility is partly the result of sex hormone deficiency, we sought to determine whether circulating sex steroids or sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) predicts non-vertebral fractures.

Methods: Forearm bone mineral density (BMD), total estradiol and testosterone, calculated free levels, and SHBG were measured in 1386 postmenopausal women and 1364 men aged 50–84 years at baseline in the Tromsø Study (1994–1995). Non-vertebral fractures were documented between 1994 and 2005.

Results: During 8.4 years (range 0.01–10.4) of follow-up, 281 women and 105 men suffered non-vertebral fractures. For both sexes, fracture cases had lower BMD and higher SHBG, but sex steroids were not lower. Each standard deviation (s.d.) increase in SHBG increased non-vertebral fracture risk in women (hazards ratio (HR) 1.17; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.33) and men (HR 1.26; 95% CI 1.03–1.54). After further adjustment for BMD, the risk was not statistically significant in women (HR 1.09; 95% CI 0.95–1.24) or men (HR 1.22; 95% CI 0.99–1.49). Each s.d. decrease in BMD increased fracture risk in women (HR 1.36; 95% CI 1.19–1.56) and men (HR 1.41; 95% CI 1.15–1.73). Fracture rates were highest in participants with SHBG in the highest tertile and BMD in the lowest tertile and were 37.9 and 17.0 per 1000 person-years in women and men respectively. However, in both sexes the combination of BMD and SHBG was no better predictor of fracture risk than BMD alone. Sex steroids were not associated with fracture risk.

Conclusions: Measurements of sex steroids or SHBG are unlikely to assist in decision making regarding fracture risk susceptibility.
Thyroglobulin detection in fine-needle aspirates of cervical lymph nodes: a technique for the diagnosis of metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Cunha Nuno , Rodrigues Fernando , Curado Fátima , Ilhéu Olga , Cruz Carlos , Naidenov Plamen , Rascão Maria João , Ganho João , Gomes Idílio , Pereira Henriques , Real Odete , Figueiredo Paulo , Campos Beatriz , Valido Frederico
Published: July 2007

Background: Fine-needle aspiration cytology is frequently used for differential diagnosis of neck masses of unknown origin. Inconclusive and even false-negative results are not uncommon.

Aim: To evaluate the utility of thyroglobulin (Tg) measurement in fine-needle aspirates (FNA-Tg) for detecting cervical lymph node (CLNs) metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinomas.

Methods: An ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration was done in 67 patients with 83 suspicious enlarged CLNs to obtain material for cytology and Tg measurement in the needle washout, using an immunometric chemiluminescent assay. Measurement of anti-Tg antibodies (FNA-TgAb) was also carried out in half of all the aspirates. Subjects were divided into two groups: one of 16 patients awaiting thyroidectomy and the other of 51 patients in follow-up after surgery.

Results: The first group of patients had positive FNA biopsy (FNAB-Tg) in 14 out of the 18 studied CLNs with a range of 3.2–43 352 ng/ml, while FNAB-cytology indicated metastasis in only 8 out of the 14 CLNs with positive histology. A total of 65 CLNs were studied in the follow-up group. Lymphadenectomy was performed in 23 patients and 28 aspirated CLNs were removed. Histology confirmed the diagnosis of metastasis suggested by FNAB-Tg in 20 CLNs and of reactive lymphadenitis in the remaining 8 CLNs. FNAB-cytology was positive in only 11 CLNs. Sensitivity of FNAB-Tg was not affected by the studied FNAB-TgAb.

Conclusions: The FNAB-Tg achieved a sensitivity of 100% in both groups. FNAB-Tg is an easy and inexpensive technique which proved to increase the diagnostic of cytology in the early diagnosis of papillary carcinoma recurrence to CLN even in the presence of serum TgAb.
Long-term management in five cases of TSH-secreting pituitary adenomas: a single center study and review of the literature
Authors: Kienitz Tina , Quinkler Marcus , Strasburger Christian J , Ventz Manfred
Published: July 2007

Objective: TSH-secreting pituitary tumors (TSH-omas) are a rare cause of hyperthyroidism and account for <1% of all pituitary adenomas. Failure to recognize the presence of a TSH-oma may result in dramatic consequences such as thyroid ablation that may cause further growth in pituitary tumor. The primary goal of the treatment of TSH-omas is to remove the pituitary tumor. Medical treatment includes dopaminergic agonists or somatostatin analogs.

Methods and results: We report five cases of TSH-oma diagnosed between 1997 and 2006 and review the literature. All the patients are females with an age range from 54 to 65 years at diagnosis. Four of the five patients had at least one event of thyroid surgery due to goiter or nodule of unknown dignity. Three of the five patients had a stroke before the diagnosis of TSH-oma, probably due to hypertension, or smoking and contraceptive treatment. One patient with invasive tumor growth received stereotactic radiotherapy (and developed panhypopituitarism after operation), another patient received somatostatin analogs preoperatively and successfully underwent transsphenoidal operation. Three of the five patients received dopaminergic agonists (bromocriptine 5 mg daily or cabergoline 0.5–0.75 mg per week), because they refused surgical therapy or the tumor was stable under dopaminergic therapy. All patients have been followed-up for 2.5–8 years. A normalization of circulating thyroid hormone levels was achieved in all patients. The patient who underwent operation shows no recurrence of the disease. The other patients have a stable pituitary mass without signs of growth.

Conclusion: We report the successful long-term treatment of TSH-omas with different therapies.
Insulin, C-peptide and proinsulin for the biochemical diagnosis of hypoglycaemia related to endogenous hyperinsulinism
Authors: Vezzosi D , Bennet A , Fauvel J , Caron P
Published: July 2007

Objective: We evaluated the respective value of insulin, C-peptide and proinsulin levels in 33 patients with endogenous hyperinsulinism and in 67 controls to determine the best parameters and thresholds to make or to rule out the diagnosis of endogenous hyperinsulinism.

Results: When blood glucose levels were below 2.5 mmol/l, insulin was <21 pmol/l in 8–35% of the patients and in all controls; C-peptide was >0.2 nmol/l in all insulinomas but not in the nesidioblastosis or in the controls; proinsulin was >5 pmol/l in all patients but not in the controls. When fasting blood glucose levels reached 2.5–3.3 mmol/l, proinsulin was <22 pmol/l in all the controls and >22 pmol/l in 74% of the patients. Proinsulin after an overnight fast was below 22 pmol/l in all non-obese controls and above 22 pmol/l in 73% of non-obese patients.

Conclusion: Proinsulin levels above 5 pmol/l with blood glucose levels below 2.5 mmol/l during a 72 h fast test represent the best criterion for the diagnosis of endogenous hyperinsulinism, reaching 100% diagnostic specificity and sensitivity. Concomitant C-peptide levels above 0.2 nmol/l also make the diagnosis of all our insulinoma patients, not the diagnosis of nesidioblastosis, while insulin levels have much less diagnostic accuracy. Whether proinsulin levels above 22 pmol/l could also make the diagnosis of endogenous hyperinsulinism in part of the patients at the time of fasting blood glucose levels between 2.5 and 3.3 mmol/l or after an overnight fast in non-obese subjects needs further study.