bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atrial Fibrillation in Elite Athletes: A Comprehensive Review of Literature
Authors: Kourek Christos , Briasoulis Alexandros , Tsougos Elias , Paraskevaidis Ioannis
Published: August 2024

According to current knowledge, although the beneficial effects of regular exercise training are well recognized, there are conflicting data regarding its relation with the occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in competitive athletes. The aim of this literature review was to demonstrate a comprehensive report of incidence, pathophysiology and management of AF in elite athletes. The frequency of AF to be 2 to 10 times greater in high intensity endurance athletes compared to sedentary individuals. A U-shaped relationship between male elite athletes and AF has been observed, while the type and the dose of physical activity seems to play a major role in AF development. Male gender, increasing age, endurance sports, and time of training are associated with AF, thereby confirming a likely association between athleticism and AF. Pathophysiology of AF still remains unclear but, there are suggested theories that include complex mechanisms such as alterations of autonomic tone, left atrial enlargement and fibrosis, electrical remodeling, and increased inflammation. Elite athletes with AF require a comprehensive clinical evaluation and risk factor optimization, similar to that for nonathletes. Although anticoagulation and rate or rhythm control are corner stones for AF management, however, there are still no specific guidelines for elite athletes.
Where Are Planar 0-Vertex Graphs Hiding?
Authors: turulski jan
Published: August 2024

Euler's theorem about the relationship between the numbers of individual elements of planar graphs (vertices, edges, faces) is also satisfied when the graph has zero vertices. The problem of the existence or not of such graphs has so far been the subject of very few studies. Plus, research that didn't prove anything. The paper presents an interpretation of this kind of graphs as mathematical formations lying on piecewise smooth surfaces. The lines of intersection of two or more smooth surfaces (faces of a graph) form edges without a vertex of the graph. The elementary properties of such graphs are discussed, the method of counting non-isomorphic 0-vertex graphs and their importance in physics and chemistry are given.
THE EFFECT OF SERVICE QUALITY ON THE SATISFACTION OF MEDIA PARTNERS AT PT. MAIN SOLO AUDIO RADIO (SOLOPOS RADIO)
Authors: Cahyasari Devi , Noriska Ni Komang Septia
Published: August 2024

Currently, many companies are opening services. This makes the level of competition of companies very tight. Therefore, these problems need to be considered by companies so that their business continuity is maintained. This study aims to analyze the quality of service on the satisfaction of media partners at Radio Solopos. In this study, a quantitative descriptive method is used. The respondents in this study are media partners of Radio Solopos. Of the 45 questionnaires distributed, the researcher took 30 respondents. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires to respondents. The researcher calculated the questionnaire result using Social Science Statistics Package (SPSS) version 29 program. The result of this study is that service quality has a significant effect on media partner satisfaction. Because t counts are greater than t tables (7,254 > 2,048). So that if the quality of the service provided is high, then the higher the satisfaction that will be obtained by media colleagues. Radio Solopos needs to improve the quality of services provided and also evaluate the job desks of each division.
THE ROLE OF TEAM PLAYER ATTITUDES IN ENHANCING COLLABORATION IN MANUFACTURING FIRMS
Authors: Amborowati Agustin , Novianto Irfan
Published: August 2024

This research aims to analyze the role of team player attitudes of PT XYZ, a garment manufacturing company. The importance of leadership in managing human resources and improving company performance. This research focuses on the role of team player attitudes which are considered crucial in achieving company goals. The research method used was a survey method by distributing questionnaires to 193 employees and 22 leaders in Manufacturing Companies. The majority of respondents were women in the productive age range and high school/vocational school education levels. The data obtained from the questionnaire was analyzed descriptively on the role of team player attitudes at PT XYZ. The research results show that most employees are satisfied with the existing teamwork, but prefer to work individually. This research can also be a reference for further research on leadership, especially in the context of garment manufacturing companies.
Refined calculation of energy modes of a frequency-regulated induction motor
Authors: Volkov V. A. , Antonov N. L.
Published: August 2024

Purpose. To obtain analytical dependencies for the precise calculation of the stator current of a frequency-regulated three-phase short-circuited induction motor and to estimate the components of its main electrical power losses, which are spent on the transportation magnetic power losses (to the magnetization circuit) and additional power losses (through the motor air gap), as well as with using the obtained refined dependencies to research the electromagnetic processes and energy modes of the frequency-regulated induction motor when its speed and load change. Methodology. The method of generalized vectors is used for the refined calculation of the electromagnetic processes and energy modes of the frequency-regulated induction motor. Results. Based on the catalog data and parameters of the induction motor’s equivalent replacement circuit, also the specified values of its useful rotational torque and speed, refined analytical dependencies were obtained for the calculation of the main electromagnetic power losses of the frequency-regulated induction motor, which take into account the influence of all types of power losses, which present in it, as well as – power losses spent on transporting magnetic losses (to the magnetization circuit) and additional losses (through the air gap of the motor). With the help of the obtained dependencies, the energy modes (including main power consumption and electromagnetic power losses, efficiency factor, power factor) of the frequency-regulated induction motor in the driving and generator modes of its operation in relation to the first (at speeds not higher than the nominal) and the second (at speeds above the nominal) speed control zones for the operating ranges of the motor useful rotational torque and speed changes were calculated. Originality. A refined analytical calculation dependence has been obtained for determining the active projection of the generalized stator current vector of a frequency-regulated induction motor, which takes into account the presence of additional power losses and the component of electrical losses caused by the transportation of additional power losses through the air gap of the motor; an analytical dependence is also proposed for determining the increment of the mentioned active projection, which is due to the transportation of magnetic power losses to the motor magnetization circuit. Practical value. Analytical calculation dependencies are proposed for the quantitative assessment of errors (as a percentage of mentioned values) in steady-state modes for determining the main electromagnetic power losses of the frequency-regulated induction motor, caused by the absence (in comparison with relevant studies from known publications) of taking into account additional and magnetic power losses, as well as – the influence of electrical component losses caused by the transportation of the mentioned power losses through the air gap or to the magnetization circuit of the motor, respectively. References 16, tables 5, figures 2.
Enhancing off-grid wind energy systems with controlled inverter integration for improved power quality
Authors: Muthukaruppasamy S. , Dharmaprakash R. , Sendilkumar S. , Parimalasundar E.
Published: August 2024

Introduction. Off-grid wind energy systems play a pivotal role in providing clean and sustainable power to remote areas. However, the intermittent nature of wind and the absence of grid connectivity pose significant challenges to maintaining consistent power quality. The wind energy conversion system plays a central role in tapping renewable energy from wind sources. Operational parameters such as rotor and stator currents, output voltages of rectifiers and converters, and grid phase voltage variations are crucial for stable power generation and grid integration. Additionally, optimizing power conversion output through voltage gain analysis in boost converters is essential. Moreover, ensuring electricity quality via total harmonic distortion reduction in inverters is vital for grid compatibility. Goal. Enhancing the power quality of grid-integrated wind energy conversion systems. Methods. The proposed topology is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink with optimized control strategies for enhancing power quality in off-grid wind energy systems. Results. Control strategies with a grid-connected wind energy conversion system yields substantial improvements in power quality. This includes effectively mitigating voltage fluctuations and harmonics, resulting in smoother operation and reduced disturbances on the grid. Practical value. The proposed topology has proven to be extremely useful for off grid-integrated wind system. References 18, table 1, figures 11.
Features of distribution of electric field strength and current density in the reactor during treatment of liquid media with high-voltage pulse discharges
Authors: Boiko M. I. , Makogon A. V.
Published: August 2024

Purpose. Development and use of a mathematical model of the stages of formation of high-voltage pulse discharges in gas bubbles in the discharge gap «rod-plane» to identify the features of the electric field intensity distribution in the reactor and determine the current density in the load during disinfection and purification of liquid media by high-voltage pulse discharges and find the most rational treatment. Methodology. To achieve this goal, we used computer modeling using the finite element method as a method of numerical analysis. An experimental reactor model was created that takes into account the dynamics of discharges in gas bubbles in water. The equations describing the system include the generalized Ampere equation, the Poisson equation and the electric displacement equation, taking into account the corresponding initial and boundary conditions, as well as the properties of materials. The dependence of the potential of a high-voltage electrode on time has the form of a damped sinusoid, and the specific electrical conductivity in a gas bubble is a function of time. Processes occurring at the front of the voltage pulse from 0 to 20 ns are considered. Results. It is shown that with an increase in conductivity and high-voltage potential to amplitude values in a gas bubble, the electric field strength in the water layer in the reactor reaches 70 kV/cm, and it is in the water layer that there is a strong electric field. The calculations show that already by 19th ns the density of conduction currents in water prevails over that of displacement currents. At the same time, additional inclusions in the water significantly affect the distribution of electric field strength and current density, creating a significant difference in their values at the boundaries of the interface between the bubble, conductive element and water. Originality. A simulation of the dynamics of transient discharge processes in a gas bubble and a layer of water with impurities was carried out, including an analysis of the distribution of the electric field strength and current density in a system with rod-plane electrodes in the phase transition section of a gas bubble-water. This approach allows us to reveal the features of processes in reactors and to investigate the influence of phase transitions on the distribution of electrophysical quantities. Practical value. Computer simulations confirm the prospect of using nanosecond discharges generated in gas bubbles within a volume of water for widespread industrial use and are of great interest for further experimental and theoretical research. References 25, figures 9.
Analytical solution of conductor tensile force in asymmetrical spans used in overhead power lines and substations with influence of tension insulators
Authors: Bendik J. , Cenky M. , Paulech J. , Goga V.
Published: August 2024

Introduction. Designing electrical substations involves analyzing the horizontal tensile force in flexible tension conductors under varying temperatures. These temperature changes affect the conductor’s length and forces. Problem. Existing methods for calculating horizontal tensile force in conductors often focus on symmetric spans or require complex finite element modeling (FEM), which is impractical for routine substation design. Asymmetric spans with tension insulators present a more complex challenge that current solutions do not adequately address. Purpose. Universal analytical solution and algorithm for calculating the horizontal tensile forces in conductors in asymmetric spans with tension insulators used in power substations or short overhead power line spans. The solution is designed to be easily implementable in software without requiring complex tools or extensive FEM. Methodology. The methodology involves deriving an analytical solution based on the catenary curve formed by the conductor between attachment points at different heights. The analysis includes calculating the conductor’s length for a given tensile force and using a state change equation to determine forces under new temperature conditions. Validation is performed using FEM calculations. Results. The proposed solution was validated against FEM models with varying height differences (5 m and 15 m) and conductor temperatures (–30 °C, –5 °C, +80 °C). The results showed a minimal error (less than 0.15 %) between the analytical solution and FEM results, demonstrating high accuracy. Originality. This paper presents a novel analytical solution to the problem of calculating tensile forces in asymmetric spans with tension insulators. Unlike existing methods, our solution is straightforward and easily implementable in any programming language. Practical value. The solution is practical for routine design tasks in electrical substations or short overhead power lines. Especially in power substations, accurate tensile forces are needed not only for mechanical design and sag calculations but also for calculating the dynamic effects of short-circuit currents. References 23, tables 4, figures 3.
Duration of reproductive period and metabolic syndrome and its components: findings from the Henan Rural Cohort Study in menopausal women
Authors: Du Zhen , Wang Wanbo , Zhao Bing , Wu Xueyan , Yang Huili , Liao Wei , Hu Ze , Yang Jing , Dong Xiaokang , Zhao Hongfei , Liu Xiaotian , Wang Chongjian
Published: August 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of duration of reproductive period with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in rural population.
Methods: In all, 14596 menopausal women were enrolled from the Henan Rural Cohort study. Logistic regression and linear regression were used to evaluate the association between duration of reproductive period and MetS and its components (including central obesity, abnormal fasting plasma glucose (FPG), abnormal blood pressure (BP), abnormal triglycerides (TG) and abnormal high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)). In addition, the mediation and interaction effects were performed by mediation analyses and generalized linear model.
Results: Each year of increase reproductive period correlated with an increased risk of MetS (OR = 1.031; 95% CI = 1.023-1.039; P < 0.05). This association changed slightly after adjusting for BMI and remained statistically significant (OR (95% CI): 1.012(1.003, 1.021)). A positive association between duration of reproductive period and central obesity, abnormal FPG, abnormal BP, abnormal TG, and abnormal HDL-C were revealed (all P < 0.05). The relationship with abnormal FPG (OR (95% CI): 1.009(1.000, 1.017)) and abnormal TG (OR (95% CI): 1.013(1.005, 1.021)) were attenuated after adjusting for BMI and remained statistically significant except for central obesity, abnormal BP and abnormal HDL-C. In addition, participants with earlier menarche age and later menopause age might have a higher risk of MetS. In addition, BMI partially mediated the relationship between duration of reproductive period and MetS, abnormal FPG, or abnormal TG, and completely mediated the relationship between duration of reproductive years and abnormal BP, or abnormal HDL-C. The significant interaction of high fat diet was found in association between duration of reproductive period and MetS (P interaction = 0.011).
Conclusion: The longer duration of reproductive period might raise a woman's risk of MetS and its components. More importantly, the association was largely mediated by BMI. There is an interaction effect between duration of reproductive period and high fat diet on the risk of MetS.
Cocooning with Cassava: Exploring the commercial rearing and seed production potential of Samia ricini Donovan on different Cassava varieties
Authors: Natarajan Lalitha , Hridya H , Bhuyan R , Bordoloi H , Sivakumar P.S , Borpuzari P.
Published: August 2024

Different cassava varieties’ differential preferences and performance of eri silkworm Samia ricini (Donovan), seed cocoon rearing and its reproductive performance were studied. In the current study, seven foliage rich cassava varieties were selected and evaluated as feed for Samia ricini in comparison with the primary food plant castor (NBR1). The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) in three replications. A significant difference was observed in rearing performance of eri silkworms when fed to leaves of different cassava varieties. Majuli var fed worms recorded mature larval weight (7.01 ± 0.62); pupation percentage (95.93 ± 0.37),effective rate of rearing (81.76 ± 1.24%), single cocoon weight (3.96 ± 0.17g), pupal weight (3.44 ± 0.21g) better than all the other varieties of cassava used for rearing followed by Sree Raksha and Tura. Shell ratio percentage of all cassava varieties were on par with control. Based on the eri seed production data, cassava varieties Majuli and Sree Raksha were found to be much superior to all other foliage-rich cassava varieties considered for the study. Overall, the better-performing varieties on par with control are as follows Majuli, Sree Raksha and Tura. These varieties can be recommended for the farmers in Assam for eri cocoon production besides tuber production.
Analysis of Electrode Locations on Limb Condition Effect for Myoelectric Pattern Recognition
Authors: Wang Hai , Li Na , Gao Xiaoyao , Jiang Ning , He Jiayuan
Published: August 2024

Background
Gesture recognition using surface electromyography (sEMG) has garnered significant attention due to its potential for intuitive and natural control in wearable human-machine interfaces. However, ensuring robustness remains essential and is currently the primary challenge for practical applications.
Methods
This study investigates the impact of limb conditions and analyzes the influence of electrode placement. Both static and dynamic limb conditions were examined using electrodes positioned on the wrist, elbow, and the midpoint between them. Initially, we compared classification performance across various training conditions at these three electrode locations. Subsequently, a feature space analysis was conducted to quantify the effects of limb conditions. Finally, strategies for group training and feature selection were explored to mitigate these effects.
Results
The results indicate that with the state-of-the-art method, classification performance at the wrist was comparable to that at the middle position, both of which outperformed the elbow, consistent with the findings from the feature space analysis. In inter-condition classification, training under dynamic limb conditions yielded better results than training under static conditions, especially at the positions covered by dynamic training. Additionally, fast and slow movement speeds produced similar performance outcomes. To mitigate the effects of limb conditions, adding more training conditions reduced classification errors; however, this reduction plateaued after four conditions, resulting in classification errors of 22.72%, 22.65%, and 26.58% for the wrist, middle, and elbow, respectively. Feature selection further improved classification performance, reducing errors to 19.98%, 19.75%, and 27.14% at the respective electrode locations, using three optimal features derived from single-condition training.
Conclusions
The study demonstrated that the impact of limb conditions was mitigated when electrodes were placed near the wrist. Dynamic limb condition training, combined with feature optimization, proved to be an effective strategy for reducing this effect. This work contributes to enhancing the robustness of myoelectric-controlled interfaces, thereby advancing the development of wearable intelligent devices.
The Power of ESG Factors in Driving Financial Growth - Insights from Palestine
Authors: Alslaibi Naji , Abdalkarim Naser
Published: August 2024

Purpose: This study examines the effects of environmental, social, and governance disclosure (ESG) components on the financial performance (FP) of firms listed on the Palestine Stock Exchange (PEX) from 2016 to 2022, focusing on the moderating role of corporate governance.
Design/methodology/approach: This study used primary data from 44 PEX-listed companies. A context analysis technique was used through company websites and disclosures, the entire population (308 observations) was used for this study, and the study used STATA utilizing the required statistical analysis for this research.
Findings: The study finds that environmental, social, and governance disclosures significantly influence the Return on Equity and Return on Assets. Testing for the moderating role of Corporate Governance, especially board diversity and size, shows that board diversity moderates the association between social and governance disclosure and firm performance. Board size moderates the relationship between social disclosure and firm performance. By contrast, Board Size and Diversity do not moderate the relationship between environmental disclosure and firm performance.
Originality: The study contributes to the literature as the first of its kind conducted in Palestine, examining the moderating effects of board size and diversity on the association between ESG disclosure and firm performance.
Identification of Potential Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Using Machine Learning, Molecular Docking and MD Simulation
Authors: Nayarisseri Anuraj , Bhrdwaj Anushka , Khan Arshiya , Sharma Khushboo , Shaheen Uzma , Panwar Umesh , Natchimuthu V. , chaudhary Rinku , Kumar Abhishek , Dey Taniya , Panicker Aravind , Prajapati Leena , Bezerra Francisco Jaime , Singh Sanjeev Kumar
Published: August 2024

The advent of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has promoted physical and mental health worldwide. Due to the unavailability of effective antiviral drugs, there is an unmet demand for a robust therapeutic approach for the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs. Myriad investigations have recognized ACE2 as the primary receptor of SARS-CoV-2, and this amalgamation of ACE2 with the spike protein of the subsequent coronavirus is paramount for viral entry into host cells and inducing infection. Consequently, limiting or restricting the accessibility of the causal virus to ACE2 offers an alternative therapeutic approach for averting this illness. Thus, the objective of the study was to determine the highly efficacious inhibitors exhibiting an augmented affinity for ACE2 protein and asses their pharmacological efficacy using molecular docking analysis. Machine learning algorithms were employed to govern the novel compounds by taking the ACE2-inhibiting compounds, Quninaprill, Moexipril, etc, and pre-established repurposed viral compounds, Birinapant, Remdesivir, etc., as test datasets. Structural stability was further confirmed via MD simulation approach which comparatively assessed the novel machine-learning, and pre-established compounds, followed by toxicity and pharmacophore studies. The study therefore concludes that the novel machine-learning compound (PubChem ID: 23658468) can be a potent therapeutic agent for combatting SARS-CoV-2.
Salmonella enterica Virulence Databases and Bioinformatic Analysis Tools Development
Authors: Han Jing , Tang Hailin , Zhao Shaohua , Foley Steven L.
Published: August 2024

Salmonella enterica, a prominent foodborne pathogen, contributes significantly to global foodborne illnesses annually. This species exhibits significant genetic diversity, potentially impacting its infectivity, disease severity, and antimicrobial resistance. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) offers comprehensive genetic insights that can be utilized for virulence assessment. However, existing bioinformatic tools for studying Salmonella virulence have notable limitations. To address this gap, a Salmonella Virulence Database with a non-redundant, comprehensive list of putative virulence factors was constructed. Two bioinformatic analysis tools, Virulence Factor Profile Assessment and Virulence Factor Profile Comparison tools, were developed. The former provides data on similarity to the reference genes, e-value, and bite score, while the latter assesses the presence/absence of virulence genes in Salmonella isolates and facilitates comparison of virulence profiles across multiple sequences. To validate the database and associated bioinformatic tools, WGS data from 43,853 Salmonella isolates spanning 14 serovars was extracted from GenBank, and WGS data previously generated in our lab was used. Overall, the Salmonella Virulence database and our bioinformatic tools effectively facilitated virulence assessment, enhancing our understanding of virulence profiles among Salmonella isolates and serovars. The public availability of these resources will empower researchers to assess Salmonella virulence comprehensively, which could inform strategies for pathogen control and risk evaluations associated with human illnesses.
The van der Waals Heterostructures of Blue Phosphorene with GaN/GeC for High-Performance Thermoelectric Applications
Authors: Wang Xue-Peng , Ahmad Iqtidar , Shahid Ismail , Ali Anwar , Shah Syed , Lyu Tu , Li En , Ding Keyuan , Chen Xin , Rao Feng
Published: August 2024

Thermoelectric devices have substantial potential as an environmentally compatible and sustainable power source. In this article, the density functional theory and Boltzmann's transport equation are employed to investigate the thermoelectric characteristics of blue phosphorene (P)/GaN and P/GeC van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs). Both vdWHs exhibit a small lattice thermal conductivity at 300 K because of the enhanced phonon boundary dispersion. The anisotropy in terms of longer relaxation time results in a high figure of merit (ZT) for n-type doping up to 5.07 and 4.67 for both P/GaN and P/GeC vdWHs at effective temperature. Meanwhile, they also exhibit the average ZT as high as 3.91 (P/GaN) and 3.44 (P/GaC). We also observed that these vdWHs exhibit an excellent conversion efficiency, up to 26% (P/GaN) and 25% (P/GeC) at 700 K. Our findings demonstrate that both vdWHs have practical potential for thermoelectric applications, representing significant progress in developing better thermoelectric devices.
A Comparative Analysis of Genetic Algorithms, Particle Swarm Optimization, and Biogeography-Based Optimization for Social Media Influencer Optimization
Authors: Tyagi Neha , Bhargava Prof.(Dr.) Deepshikha , Ahlawat Anil
Published: August 2024

This study concerns a comparative work of how Genetic Algorithms (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Biogeography-Based Optimization helped to enhance the performance of social media influencers. The fitness function combines engagement rate with conversion and audience growth for influencer marketing is presented in this paper. Results Compared Performance Analysis of Algorithms with their Compute Efficiencies in Different Generation In this paper, In this paper we have raised a question of investigating Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Biogeography-Based Optimization method to optimize selection mechanism for social media influencers. In order to measure the effectiveness of influencer approaches, a fitness function which evaluates engagement rates, conversion and audience growth is incorporated so we can determine the best algorithm. We demonstrate that each of these algorithm modes improves the average and best fitness values over multiple generations, although they exhibit significantly different computational cost performances and consistency in their behaviour.
Contactless monitoring of respiratory rate variability in laboratory animals under anesthesia with a compact 24GHz microwave radar sensor
Authors: Sun Guanghao , Kurosawa Masaki , Ninomiya Yoshiki , Baba Kohei , Son Nguyen Huu , Yen Hoang Thi , Suzuki Satoshi , Kano Yutaka
Published: August 2024

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop and validate a noncontactmonitoring system for respiratory rate variability in laboratory animals under anesthesia using a 24GHz microwave radar sensor. This study aimed to address the need for stress-free monitoring techniques that comply with the 3Rs principle (Reduction, Replacement, and Refinement) in laboratory animal settings.
Methods: Utilizing a 24GHz microwave radar sensor, this system detects subtle body surface displacements induced by respiratory movements in anesthetized rats. The setup includes a 24.05 to 24.25 GHz radar module coupled with a single-board computer, specifically Raspberry Pi, for signal acquisition and processing. The experiment involved four male Wistar rats tracking the variability in their respiratory rates at various isoflurane anesthesia depths to compare the radar system’s performance withreference measurements.
Results: The radar system demonstrated high accuracy in respiratory rate monitoring, with a mean difference of 0.11 breaths per minute compared to laser references. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient was high (0.92, P < 0.05), indicating a strong linear relationship between the radar and reference measurements. The system also accurately reflected changes in respiratory rates corresponding to different isoflurane anesthesia levels. Variations in respiratory rates were effectively mapped across different anesthesia levels, confirming the reliability and precision of the system forreal-time monitoring.
Conclusion: The microwave radar-based monitoring system significantly enhanced the animal welfare and research methodology. Thissystem minimizes animal stress and improves the integrity of physiological data in research settingsby providing a non-invasive, accurate, and reliable means of monitoring respiratory rates.
Multiobjective Optimization for Sizing and Placing Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Considering Comprehensive Uncertainties
Authors: Mohammed Abdallah , Saif Omar , Abo-Adma Maged A , Elazab Rasha
Published: August 2024

The dynamic integration of electric vehicles (EVs) necessitates efficient charging infrastructure. This study introduces an algorithm using particle swarm optimization for the optimal placement and sizing of charging stations, addressing uncertainties in vehicle specifics, road and user factors, station owner considerations, and environmental impacts. Integrating a comprehensive dataset from road networks, driver behaviors, station owners, and EV manufacturers, the algorithm guides station placement to accommodate individualized charging needs. By optimizing charg er types for four distinct EV battery types, the method ensures balanced and efficient infrastructure. The cost‒benefit objective function aligns technical and environmental criteria, offering a sustainable solution for charging station planning. The results indicate that 14 fast charging stations (FCSs) are required along the studied freeway, with a total installation cost of $289,820 and an annual operation cost of $4,223,050. This infrastructure leads to annual CO2 emissions of 1,843,572.57 kg. Stations are strategically placed to optimize coverage and minimize waiting times, with the highest number of chargers at high-traffic nodes. Forecasting individual daily load profiles demonstrates the ability of the algorithm to manage power system behavior, ensure balanced load distribution and prevent grid overload. This approach enhances user satisfaction and economic viability and reduces environmental impact, making it a valuable tool for policymakers, urban planners, and stakeholders in developing sustainable EV charging networks.
Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) seed oil as a valuable source of important phytonutrients: effect of the extraction method on the lipid composition
Authors: Taneva Sabina , Momchilova Svetlana
Published: August 2024

Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is a widespread weed plant used since ancient times as remedy and as food. Its seed oil possesses significant bioactive potential due to the high content of important phytonutrients, mainly essential fatty acids and phytosterols. Although the total fatty acids composition of oil is well documented, till now there is no data published about individual lipid classes. The information on sterols is scarce as well. Therefore, the aim of this work was to characterize in details for the first time the individual lipid classes and their fatty acids composition, sterols, as well as the oil oxidative stability, depending on the extraction method by either hexane, chloroform-methanol mixtures or super-critical CO2. The results revealed no significant effect of extraction method on the individual lipid classes (monoacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, free fatty acids, free sterols, triacylglycerols, sterol esters, wax esters and hydrocarbons), including the fatty acids composition of saponifiables, and quite weak effect on the oil oxidative stability regarding super-critical CO2 vs. organic solvents. Detailed analyses of lipid composition confirmed the potential of purslane seed oil as a cheap and highly valuable source of phytonutrients as essential fatty acids and phytosterols, for application in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
Enhanced anti-cancer efficacy of arginine deaminase expressed by tumor-seeking Salmonella Gallinarum
Authors: Choy Hyon E , Duysak Taner , Kim Kwangsoo , Yun Misun , Jeong Jae-Ho
Published: August 2024

Amino acid deprivation, particularly of nonessential amino acids that can be synthesized by normal cells but not by cancer cells with specific defects in the biosynthesis pathway, has emerged as a potential strategy in cancer therapeutics. In normal cells, arginine is synthesized from citrulline in two steps via two enzymes: argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS1) and argininosuccinate lyase. Several cancer cells exhibit arginine auxotrophy due to the loss or down-regulation of ASS1. These cells undergo starvation-induced cell death in the presence of arginine-degrading enzymes such as arginine deaminase (ADI). Thus, ADI has emerged as a potential therapeutic in cancer therapy. However, the use of ADI has two major disadvantages: ADI of bacterial origin is strongly antigenic in mammals, and ADI has a short circulation half-life (∼5 hours). In this study, we engineered tumor-targeting Salmonella Gallinarum to express and secrete ADI and deployed this strain into mice implanted with ASS1-defective mouse colorectal cancer (CT26) through an intravenous route. A notable antitumor effect was observed, suggesting that the disadvantages were overcome as ADI was expressed constitutively by tumor-targeting bacteria. A combination with chloroquine, which inhibits the induction of autophagy, further enhanced the effect.
Zweifel Olefination for C-Glycosylation
Authors: Didier Dorian , Trauner Florian , Boutet Bilel , Pilz Fabian , Weber Verena
Published: August 2024

Starting from glycal derivatives, the Zweifel olefination presents an elegant opportunity to access C-glycosides in a selective manner. a-Lithiation of D-glucal, L-rhamnal, D-xylal and L-arabinal scaffolds was employed as a starting point in the synthesis of corresponding unsaturated aryl-, heteroaryl- and alkenyl-C-glycosides. This provides a straightforward strategy towards pharmacorelevant gliflozins and other unreported rhamnal- and xylal-analogs.
Analysis of User Satisfaction of eLearning Systems in Uganda using Delone and McLean Model
Authors: Atukunda Patience , Khabusi Simon Peter , John Othieno
Published: August 2024

The COVID19 outbreak in 2019 in various countries around the world accelerated the shift from traditional face-to-face studies to online education platforms. This has consequently affected the quality of education in various institutions not only in Uganda but the entire world. This study investigates user satisfaction with eLearning systems in higher education institutions, examining the perspectives of students, lecturers, and key informants. A total of 375 student respondents from Diploma, Bachelor, and Masters levels, 51 lecturers, and 15 key informants across different Ugandan Institutions of Higher learning participated in the study, providing insights into platform usage, system usability, stability, and support mechanisms. Rigorous analysis techniques, including means, correlation coefficient calculations, were employed to explore factors influencing satisfaction. Findings revealed positive correlations between satisfaction and variables such as ease of use, ease of access, system reliability, system stability, and prompt response to queries, among others. Recommendations include improving system stability, enhancing response time to queries, providing ongoing training, addressing connectivity issues, and developing customized mobile applications. The study highlights the need for institutions to optimize eLearning experiences by leveraging feedback from users and implementing targeted interventions.
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of the Oil Obtained From the Seeds of Citrullus Colocynthis (Bitter Apple)
Authors: Abdulfatai Habeebullahi , Shoge Mansurat , Tamasi Anas , Ozioko Eucharia , Aliyu Mutiu , Adegboyega Taofeek
Published: August 2024

The phytochemical and antimicrobial analysis of the crude extract of oil gotten from the seeds of Citrullus colocynthis were carried out using standard methods. The result of the photochemical screening showed that the oil extract of Citrullus colocynthis contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids and anthraquinone. The bacterial activity of Citrullus colocynthis oil extract was assessed against a panel of pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, and Staphylococcus aureus. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) results shows that the microorganisms show zone of inhibition of 4.5 mm for Escherichia coli, 4.6 for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 5.9 for Salmonella typhi, and 6.1 mm for Staphylococcus aureus. Notably, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibited larger zones of inhibition compared to Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) revealed three spots of the isolated compound, while MIC and MBC/MFC values were determined. Synergistic effects were assessed in combination with standard antibiotics, and mechanisms of action were investigated through chemical analysis. The research uncovered the antimicrobial potential of Citrullus colocynthisseed oil, offering promising insights for further exploration and potential clinical applications. The FTIR spectrum of the isolated compound revealed characteristic peaks, including a strong absorption at 2855.1 cm-1 indicative of alkanes (C-H) and another at 3011.7 cm1 for C=C in aromatics. The presence of a broad absorption at 2922.2 cm-1 suggested the presence of C-H groups, consistent with a reported absorption at 3420 cm-1. Compound gotten from the GCMS analysis which include 1-Decene and Mesitylene have been used in the synthesis of medicine such as asthma, cancer, tuberculosis and jaundices for their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties.
Efficient removal of Hg2+ from wastewater by a novel Cu-modified attapulgite: Adsorption performance and mechanism
Authors: Chen Chongming , Li Dong , Yu Jinxing , Che Kai
Published: August 2024

The development of low-cost and highly efficient adsorbents is essentially needed for removing Hg2+ species from desulfurization sludge leaching wastewater. In this study, a series of novel Cu-modified attapulgite (Cu-ATP) adsorbents were synthesized via a simple HNO3 treatment combined with an improved impregnation method. The Hg2+ removal efficiency of these Cu-ATP adsorbents was investigated in simulated leaching wastewater. The effects of HNO3 concentration, Cu precursor, Cu loading content, and other adsorption conditions on Hg2+ removal using Cu-ATP were investigated. The results demonstrated that Cu-ATP prepared with CuSO4 as the precursor and treated with 3 mol/L HNO3 showed excellent Hg2+ removal performance. Moreover, with increasing adsorbent content and adsorption time, the Hg2+ removal efficiency of Cu-ATP first increased and then stabilized. However, with an increase in pH value, the Hg2+ removal efficiency first increased and then decreased, whereas the removal showed a decreasing trend with increasing initial Hg2+ concentration. The adsorption kinetics results indicated that Hg2+ adsorption on Cu-ATP was well described by the pseudo-second-order model. Furthermore, various characterization methods, including Brunauer − Emmett − Teller analysis (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), were employed to analyze the physicochemical properties of the adsorbents. The analyses confirmed that the superior Hg2+ removal efficiency of Cu-ATP was mainly due to the complexation of Hg2+ with chemisorbed oxygen produced by Cu doping and S species generated from the Cu precursor (CuSO4). These findings underscore the potential of Cu-ATP as a cost-effective adsorbent for removing Hg2+ from wastewater.
Deep Image Restoration for Image Anti-Forensics
Authors: Tahir Eren , Bal Mert
Published: August 2024

While image forensics is concerned with whether an image has been tampered with, image anti-forensics attempts to prevent image forensics methods from detecting tampered images. The competition between these two fields started long before the advancement of deep learning. JPEG compression, blurring and noising, which are simple methods by today's standards, have long been used for anti-forensics and have been the subject of much research in both forensics and anti-forensics. Although these traditional methods are old, they make it difficult to detect fake images and are used for data augmentation in training deep image forgery detection models. In addition to making the image difficult to detect, these methods leave traces on the image and consequently degrade the image quality. Separate image forensics methods have also been developed to detect these traces. In this study, we go one step further and improve the image quality after these methods with deep image restoration models and make it harder to detect the forged image. We evaluate the impact of these methods on image quality. We then test both our proposed methods with deep learning and methods without deep learning on the two best existing image manipulation detection models. In the obtained results, we show how existing image forgery detection models fail against the proposed methods. Code implementation will be publicly available at https://github.com/99eren99/DIRFIAF .
Lived experiences of medical students of online learning: lessons for adopting virtual learning in medical education
Authors: Rajesh Eshwar , Subramaniam Sudharshini , Pasupathy Priya , Suresh Tharini , Gopichandran Vijayaprasad
Published: August 2024

Background
The COVID 19 lockdown created a shift in medical education from the traditional physical classroom to online learning.
Objectives
To explore the lived experiences of medical students in various years of education attending a medical college in Chennai, India.
Methods
We conducted 4 focus group discussions among students of the four years in the medical college with the help of a checklist. We recorded the interviews, transcribed them and performed a thematic content analysis.
Results
There was a gendered impact of the lockdown on the online learning experiences with women students finding it challenging to attend classes balancing their gender roles of performing household chores. Online learning offered some advantages in the form of increased participation and engagement due to the partial anonymity. The greatest disadvantage of online learning was lack of clinical learning experience. The students resorted to fabricating case studies for discussion, which some students found useful and some commented that it can never replace real life clinical discussions. A generational gap between adoption of technology between the senior professors and the students hampered the online learning. Online assessments were challenging, and many students resorted to cheating in these exams.
Conclusions
Though online learning offers several advantages, it has serious limitations in offering the clinical learning experience. This must be borne in mind while designing the medical curriculum with online learning incorporated in it.
Variability in R-loops levels based on IHC detection
Authors: Bassani Nicklas , Liang Liu , Wilm Claudia , Braun Juliane , Bishop Alexander J R
Published: August 2024

R-loops are three stranded nucleic acid structures involving an RNA:DNA hybrid and a displaced single stranded DNA (ssDNA). Though the majority of R-loop studies have investigated their pathological consequences in promoting genomic instability, R-loops also contribute to many physiological processes. In fact, from meta-analysis of R-loop datasets we know that R-loops cover about 3–5% of human genome, with their abundance tightly titrated by different enzymes or helicases; too many or too few R-loops impact normal cell functions. Aberrant R-loop accumulation has been implicated in cancer susceptibility and neurodegeneration, and increased R-loops levels throughout the genome observed in response to oncogenic signaling or mutations results in increased replication stress and DNA damage. Nonetheless, this also confers a vulnerability, and cancer cells harboring high levels of R-loops can be preferentially targeted by drugs that exacerbate R-loop-associated phenotypes. Here, we establish a protocol to detect RNA:DNA hybrids by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using the mouse and rabbit S9.6 antibodies. Using R-loop enhancing drugs, or by genetically manipulate DHX9 and SETX expression, helicases involved in R-loop metabolism, we provide evidence that our protocol is able to detect differences in R-loop levels. Finally, we show that S9.6 IHC is uniquely able to rapidly screen hundreds of cell and tumor samples demonstrating the heterogeneity in R-loop signal that can be observed. We also describe for the first time that R-loop expression determines sensitivity to the active vitamin D metabolite Calcitriol.