bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflections on ecological and biological theories in anthropology
Authors: Pandey Rajanikant
Published: April 2022

Anthropology is characterized by the theoretical ideas cross-cutting disciplinary boundaries. This paper discusses the two such interdisciplinary theories i.e. ecological and biological theories in an attempt to highlight their increasing relevance in the contemporary socio-cultural research. Since the very beginning of late 19th century, natural environment and biology have been central to the evolutionary paradigmof ethnological underpinnings. However, ecological theories are now becoming more prevalent owing to emanating ecological crisis. Similarly, Covid-19 has reminded us about our bio-cultural existence. This article reflects uponthe various approaches within bothsets of theoretical umbrellas.It could be clearly argued in conclusion that the recent trends in the ecological and biological theories are influential for contemporary researches in anthropology and they keep prompting us about the overlapping concerns within the biological and cultural branches of anthropology.
holistic view of management of polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Bhambhu Satyam , Burgujjar Monika , Singh Vijeta , Behmani Suman , Behmani Rakesh Kumar
Published: April 2022

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent disorders in women which influence their endocrine and metabolic functioning. It causes physical and psychological issues which are responsible for causing disturbances in daily life of women. Apart from genetics, stress, anxiety, obesity, and sedentary life style are among several factors that contribute to this disease. Hence, the treatment must target all these factors. Yoga, diet, exercises and therapies like mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT) have significant effects on management of symptoms of PCOS. Assessment of the overall health of women can assist in the treatment programme and integral plans can be designed to deal with the problem. The purpose of this qualitative study is to assess different treatment outcomes which can help the women suffering from PCOS, health experts, and mental health workers in understanding, management and treatment of this disease from a holistic point of view. This could further enhance the well-being and overall living pattern of the women.
Roboethics in Ian McEwan’s Machines Like Me
Authors: Pooja S. J. , Cinthana S.
Published: April 2022

As Advanced Robotics and Artificial Intelligence are on the rise, there is the greater importance that concerns the very complex problem of science and ethics. This article concentrates on Ian McEwan's work Machines Like Me. In this novel, Adam is a humanoid who experiences emotions and can think. But Charlie as a human being struggle to adapt to the condition. The constant struggle between emotional capabilities of a robot and the human as a anthropocentric being is focused under the ethics of Robots and Humans.
Rubrics in evaluation
Authors: Waghmare Panchappa
Published: April 2022

This research paper designs to show the quintessential importance of the rubrics in evaluation of the learners in the outcome based education. The paper attempts to communicate expectations of quality around a task. Rubrics is an evaluative criterion which can be used to measure expected levels of performance of the learners. Rubrics can make brilliant culmination in the traditional approach to assess learners. It is used to delineate consistent criteria for grading. Outcome based education is flourished with rubrics in evaluation system. Rubrics allows teachers and students alike to evaluate criteria which can be complex and subjective. Scoring rubrics can also provide a basis for self-evaluation, reflection and peer review. It aims at fair assessment, fostering understanding, motivating, indicating a way to proceed with subsequent learning. Rubrics can be classified as holistic, analytic or developmental. Holistic rubric integrates all aspects of the work into a single overall rating of the work. Learners can better be judged and revised by the teachers through rubrics in diverse kinds of evaluation. A rubric measure students work against real life criteria and is referred to as a form of authentic assessment.
Critical evaluation of relationship between financial performance and disclosure practices of selected environmental parameters by Indian corporates
Authors: Patel Saurabh H.
Published: April 2022

Adoption, application and disclosure through reporting of Environmental parameters can facilitate to understand the accountability and responsibility of any corporate entity towards various stakeholders in letter and spirit. This study vehemently asserts that companies that are consistently performing activities for preserving and protecting environment and also disclosing them with transparency are more prone to better financial performance and profitability. This practice helps the company earn the trust of all stakeholders, as such practices help in building organizational reputation and credibility in the market. The direction for further study can encourage researchers for undertaking the analysis of data of Indian corporates falling in environment sensitive categories.
Early historic sites in Bhogavati River Basin with special reference to Barshi Taluka, Dist Solapur, Maharashtra
Authors: Patil Maya J. , Hajare Dnyaneshwari B.
Published: April 2022

Barshi taluka is one of the 11 tehsils of Solapur district in the Maharashtra India. River Bhogavati is large tributary of river Sina, originates at south facing scarps of Balaghat range in Osmanabad district &flows through Osmanabad enters in Barshi taluka of Solapur district. The period begins from the 6th century BCE to the 4thcentury BCE. It is an important time span in the development of Indian history, socio-economic factor. In early historic period Black &Red ware potteries, Red Polished potteries and Black Slipped potteries were found at Zadi, Pangaon, Pimpalgaon Sites. These types belong to early historic& early medieval period. These types were not found in next phase of medieval period. From this period may be this region has lost all connections with other parts of country or people using such kind of utensils were not in existence in medieval period mostly potteries found with coarse red ware variety. With reference to size of pottery, if compared in both periods there is not much difference in size of pottery.
WASH access and stunting
Authors: Sahoo Dhiren , Kujur Archana
Published: April 2022

Introduction: The literature suggests that children living in the areas with widespread open-defecation, lack of access to safe drinking water and provision of hand hygiene are exposed to a higher level of microbial contamination. These conditions often keep children undernourished, diminishes their cognitive skills leading to intergenerational poverty. Methods: Using the individual and household data from Indian Human Development Survey 2012 (IHDS II), the study used binary logistic model to analyse the impact of household-based water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and health outcome of the children in the Empowered Action Group (EAG) states of India. Results: The study suggested that having access to safe water, the chances of being not stunted are 20 per cent lower compared to the children accessing unsafe water. Similarly, children who have a household toilet and practice better hand hygiene, have 20 per cent higher chances of being not stunted against open defecating children and children who do not practice hand-hygiene habits. Other than WASH, the children’s demographic traits of being at a higher age, being female over male, indicated a significantly higher odds of being stunted.
Particularize: ‘yearning’, ‘integration’ and ‘freedom’ in Jaishree Misra’s Thereupon
Authors: Geetha R. , Radah K.
Published: April 2022

In this paper, to deal with the jaishree misra’s Afterwards on delineates a number of the extreme problems, problems and topics like, longings, integration, area, lifestyle, girls immigrants, identity than on regarding diaspora. It’s the story of a husband and spouse who are at bay between the guarantees of affection and also the perplexity of ‘bharatha sthree’ (a time period used to depict an indian female), like in the novel, historical promises. On this paper falls below the similar thematic look at and class like ancient guarantees its unusual allure, creating it extraordinarily appealing to the readers. Jaishree misra’s distinctly precise approach of presenting quotidian topics indelicate language attracts readers. Jaishree misra’s cosmopolitan vocabulary and facile style add gravity to trivial subject matters. The topics like longing, integration, area and identity may be discovered throughout this novel.
Coronary disease prediction by using upgraded deep learning CNN
Authors: Kumar S Prabhu , Harikrishnan S. , Kumar S. Ramsurat , Kumar T. Naveen
Published: April 2022

The determination of coronary failure has transformed into troublesome analytic effort in the present analytical examination. This finding turn to the point-by-point and accurate examination of the victim’s analytical facts on a single health report. The tremendous improvements in occupied deep literacy look to construct robotized structure which aid expert the couple to foresee and identify the weakness with the internet of things (IoT) help. In this way, the magnify machine learning by neural networks helped Convolutional Neural Network has been build to help and work on persistent forecast of heart disease. The Upgraded Deep CNN model is concentrated throughout deep plan that occupy multi-facet perceptron's model with training about normalization draws near. Besides, the structured implementation is accepted with full elements and limited high points. Henceforth, the reduced in the high points influences the fertility divides as far as pick up beat, and precision has been differentially examined with concluded outcomes. The Upgraded Deep CNN structure one time carried out on the Internet of Medical Things Platform for option inner concerned webs, which assists experts with successfully diagnosing cardiac sufferers information in auxiliary storage all over the globe.
Entrepreneurial intention of students through the influence of entrepreneurial education
Authors: Vanlalhriati Carolyn , Sharma L. S. , Vanlalkulhpuia C.
Published: April 2022

The study of entrepreneurial intention has long been a topic of significance in entrepreneurship research. “What makes people become entrepreneurs?” is a question that many researchers have sought to answer.  This study focuses on entrepreneurial education as an independent factor with the aim of identifying how the entrepreneurial education has influence the entrepreneurial intention. A model has been proposed and an empirical test of a model was conducted among the management students in India who have exposed to management education. Entrepreneurial attitude is a mediator between entrepreneurial education and student intention, according to a process macro developed by academics. Before incorporating entrepreneurial self-effect efficacy into the model, researchers assessed the goals and attitudes of the students toward self-employment. Studies have shown an association between a person's attitude toward starting a business and their likelihood of starting a business, and between these two variables.
An imperical analysis of various extracts of Bacopa Monnieri towards antibacterial and antifungal activities
Authors: Indoliya Amrita , Nagar Hari Om , Singh S. K.
Published: April 2022

Bacopa monnieri was also known as “Brahmi.” Theses plant has been considered as medicinal plants in Ayurvedic systems for centuries. This present study was carried out to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal properties of ethanolic, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and aqueous extracts of B. monnieri. Agar disc diffusion tests were carried out to determine the antimicrobial effects of ethanolic, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts of B. monnieri against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus), Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacterial strains and antifungal strains (Aspergillus flavus, and Candida albicans). Among the various extracts, diethyl ether extracts of B. monnieri has an antibacterial potency against Staphylococcus aureus (gram positive), and ethyl acetate extract showed effects on E. coli (gram negative) at higher concentrations of 300 μg mL-1. The ethanolic extract has potent antifungal activity against the fungus (Aspergillus flavus, and Candida albicans) compared to diethyl ether and ethyl acetate-ether. Both extracts (diethyl ether and ethyl acetate) has a minimum antifungal effect while these extracts showed more inhibitory effects on tested bacteria.
A case report on metabolic encephalopathy
Authors: Chandrakaladar K. , Priyanka A. M. V. , Puja Bhavana Bhavani , Prasanthi K. Priya , Begum Shaik Asha , Kosanam Sreya
Published: April 2022

A 70 years male patient was admitted in hospital with complaints of sudden onset of drowsiness, confusion, fatigue, and generalised weakness since few hours, anxiety, palpitations, paraesthesia all over the body. He is having a poor stream of urine and he is having type-2 DM, hypertension and on medication. He is also having coronary artery disease and have undergone PTCA stunt.
Equality of total domination and chromatic total domination in graphs
Authors: Eswari M. Angala , Balamurugan S.
Published: April 2022

Let  be a simple, finite and undirected graph and without isolated vertex. A subset D of V is said to be dominating set if for every  in  there exist a vertex  in  such that  and  are adjacent. The minimum cardinality of a dominating set of  is called the domination number of  and is denoted by .  is minimal dominating set of a graph  if no proper subset of  is a dominating set of .  is a total dominating set of  if  has no isolates. The minimum cardinality of a total dominating set of  is called the total domination number of  and is denoted by . A Subset D of V  is said to be a chromatic total dominating set if D is a total dominating set and  =. The minimum cardinality of the chromatic total dominating set is called a chromatic total dominating number .In any graph G ,every chromatic total dominating set is a total dominating set.But converse is not true.In some graphs ,every  set is a chromatic total dominating set.
An observational study on perfusion index to predict and correlate incidences of hypotension following spinal anaesthesia using pulse oximeter
Authors: Shah Pooja , Ganguly Ria , Jain Lokesh Kumar , Patel Kamlesh , Patel Kirti , Chauhan Dinesh
Published: April 2022

Perfusion Index (PI) is the ratio of the pulsatile blood flow to the non-pulsatile or static blood in the peripheral tissues. It is a new parameter tried for predicting hypotension during spinal anaesthesia.  Our aim was to observe Perfusion Index as an early predictor of hypotension under spinal anaesthesia in patients undergoing elective surgeries. In this observational study, 30 patients between the age group of 18-50years and belonged to ASA I and II category were taken. Spinal anaesthesia was performed with 3-4 ml of injection Bupivacaine 0.5% (hyperbaric) at L3–L4 interspace. Following spinal anaesthesia heart rate, blood pressure, and PI were recorded for 30 minutes. Hypotension was defined as fall in the MAP of 20% from the baseline and was treated with fluids, parasympatholytic ± vasopressors. Analysis was performed using software IBM SPSS statistics for windows, Data was presented as mean ± standard deviation. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Regression analysis with Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was done to assess the correlation between baseline PI and hypotension. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted for PI and occurrence of hypotension.
An empirical study of the use of Chewing Gum by Youth as a replacement to Cigarette addiction
Authors: D’Silva Nicole , Shaikh Abeda , D’Silva Bernadette , D’Silva Stephen
Published: April 2022

The current study aimed to add to this of knowledge by examining the effect of chewing gum on smoking withdrawal severity over a long period, as well as identifying the specific characteristics of chewing gum that may be responsible for the reported reductions in withdrawal. Chewing, flavour, and the combination of the two were all investigated separately. The study is based on quantitative research. The data has been classified on basis of smoker and non-smoker. Participants reported a significant difference in withdrawal severity across conditions using repeated measures Chi square, F(3, 69)=2.89, p.05. The flavoured gum condition had considerably lower withdrawal scores than the flavourless gum base and no product control conditions, according to follow-up analyses. These data suggest that chewing gum is effective in reducing the severity of nicotine withdrawal symptoms over a 24-hour period of nicotine abstinence, and that the impact is due to a combination of flavour and chewing. These findings, together with findings from previous laboratory studies, show that chewing gum could be a useful coping mechanism for those who are trying to quit smoking.
A cross sectional study on assessment of infrastructure and facilities at Anganwadi centres of Vijayawada
Authors: Prudhviraj K. , Gopal B. Siva , Jahnavi K. , Parusuram J. Bharani , Sitarama A.
Published: April 2022

Malnutrition includes under-nutrition as well as over-nutrition and refers to deficiencies, excesses or imbalances in the intake of energy, protein and/or other nutrients.   The Ministry of Women and Child Development is implementing various schemes for welfare, development and protection of children. One of the main scheme under this ministry is the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme. This study was conducted to  assess the socio-economic status of Anganwadi workers, Infrastructure, Equipment and facilities at Anganwadi centres of Vijayawada  1.To know Socio-demographic profile of Anganwadi workers. 2.To Assess the infrastructure, Equipment and Facilities present in Anganwadi centres This is a cross- sectional descriptive study. With a purpose of sampling, 10% of the total 344 AWCs, the sample-size calculated was 34. A predesigned questionnaire was used to collect the data from AWCs. Questionnaire was prepared by modifying the ICDS Survey 2013 Anganwadi worker questionnaire. The present study was carried out in 34 AWCs of Vijayawada ICDS Projects 1 &2, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh. These 34 AWCs cater to a population of 51237.In the present study majority of Anganwadi workers (35.3%) aged between 31- 40 yrs followed by 41-50 yrs (32.4%) of age group.
A predictive analysis of heart diseases using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Karthiga A. Sankari , Mary M. Safish
Published: April 2022

So far human beings have passed many centuries apart from many illnesses. The human body is a prodigy created by nature. Among human organs, the very special thing is Human Heart. The development of science in the field of medicine has contributed much to predicting heart diseases. The very recent development technique for predicting heart ailments at the very early stage is data mining. In this audit, a machine learning algorithm is employed to predict the imminent level of heart disease. There are about fifteen drug criterions which are taken into account like age, sex, blood pressure, cholesterol, and obesity for alerting heart ailments. This is applied for prophesying the liability of the stoics who endures heart problems. These tactics are skilled in getting the overall health factors of the nursling especially all about their heart. In this study, K-Nearest Neighbour and Tuned K-NN are applied. The concluding data reveal that the pitfall (risk factor) regarding heart is skillfully guessed with the help of this set diagnostic system.
A study on the evaluation of tooth brushing skills and its relation with the age and gender of children
Authors: Choudhury Purobi , Singh Rohit , Patel Vinod , Kumar Ashok , Singh Kundan Kumar , Pandey Vijayendra
Published: April 2022

The present study was undertaken for studying tooth brushing skills and its relation with the age and gender of children. A total of 100 school going children were assessed during the study period. A questionnaire was framed and was given to all the participants. The questionnaire included detailed knowledge about their brushing habits. Type of brushing habit was assessed among all the children. Also assessment was done in relation to age and gender. All the results were analysed by SPSS software. 41 percent of the subjects gave history of brushing once daily. Combined method of brushing was seen in 36 percent of the subjects while 35 percent of the subjects gave history of brushing with horizontal method. Non-significant results were obtained while assessing the tooth brushing skills in relation with the age and gender of children. Brushing regularly is a low-cost, effective strategy to reduce the risk of childhood caries. Community-based efforts can help parents achieve this important health behaviour.
Morphological and Morphometric study of suprascapular notch
Authors: Chourasia Rajveer Singh , Bhadkaria Vishal , Kudopa Ashwini , Sinha Archana
Published: April 2022

Variation in the morphology of suprascapular notch is associated with suprascapular nerve entrapment neuropathy. So, the knowledge about different shapes of suprascapular notch is important for clinicians in understanding the source of the entrapment syndrome. The Shapes of suprascapular notch are of five in types - Deep U Shaped, shallow U Shaped, J Shaped, V Shaped & indented shaped. Deep U shape is most common & Indented is least common type of suprascapular notch. Suprascapular notch is semicircular in shape, situated in the superior border of the scapula just below the base of the coracoid process. Suprascapular notch is converted to the foramen by the attachment of the suprascapular ligament. Suprascapular vessels passes above the ligament & Suprascapular nerve passes below the ligament. In present study morphological data were obtained and classify the suprascapular notch according to their shape. Present study was conducted on 70 dry human scapulae of both sides with unknown age & sex. This study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Barabanki. In the Present study Anatomical variation were found in suprascapular notch which included shape, partial & complete ossification of superior transverse ligament.
Expressive suppression a mediating variable between stress and procrastination in eating behavior disorder
Authors: Ortiz Geovanny Genaro Reivan , Landy Karla Elizabeth Chamba , Parra Jhessenia Natalia Galarza , López Juan Pablo Viñanzaca , Coronel Andrés Alexis Ramírez
Published: April 2022

Eating disorders (EDs) are psychiatric illnesses in which emotions play an important role in their development and maintenance. These disorders are associated with expressive suppression, stress, and procrastination. The purpose of this work was to explain eating disorders from stress and procrastination, with expressive suppression as a mediating variable. It was attended by 918 students from three universities in Ecuador. The information was collected through four instruments: inventory of eating disorders, perceived stress scale, Tuckman procrastination scale and emotional regulation questionnaire. The data was analyzed through a mediational analysis in the Jasp program, version 15. The independent variables were: procrastination and stress, the dependent variable was risk of experiencing bulimia (REB) and the mediating variable was expressive suppression. Procrastination and stress, mediated by expressive suppression, were found to have no statistically significant effect on EBR. Procrastination has a direct effect on REB, although stress does not, and the model between expressive suppression and REB explains a good percentage of the variance.
Menopause is a natural stage
Authors: Hanson Victoria Funmilayo , Pitre Sneha , Kumardhas Vijaya
Published: April 2022

Menopause is a natural phenomenon occurring as women approach middle age, the transitional period in a woman's life when her ovaries start producing less of the sex hormones estrogen and progesterone marking the end of her reproductive years. Due to a growing aging population and longer life expectancies, globally women will spend a significant portion of their lives in post-menopause. Women’s experiences, views, and responses to menopause that influences women’s daily life and well-being, may vary between different societies and cultures. Aim: To assess the prevalence and experience of menopause symptoms of university faculty members in RAKMHSU and INDIA. Cross sectional survey was carried out among thirty nine-university faculty by using purposive sampling technique. Menopause specific quality of life questionnaire was used for collecting the data and was analysed by using SPSS version 25. A total of 39 women participated in the study, the majority of women (76.9%) reached menopause after 45 years of age. Muscular and joint pain was experienced by majority (74.4%) of participants, followed by weight gain (71.8%) and insomnia (66.7%), the least reported symptom were ‘being dissatisfied with personal life’ and “Feeling depressed, down and blue” both at 10.3%.
Determinant and status of income disparity among urban households
Authors: Worku Solomon Tessema , Tafa Meseret Dame
Published: April 2022

The policy message for the developing world was clear: you can’t expect to have both lower poverty and less inequality while you remain poor, and if you choose to give poverty reduction highest priority then focus on growth.  Ethiopia’s experience is a case in point for the complex interaction between inequality and growth.  Structural transformation and poverty reduction may require the implementation of reforms that could lead to an increase in income disparities in addition to the growth of economy.  Urban inequality has been given less attention on research and development agenda of Ethiopia particularly for medium towns   like zone and district town of North Shewa Zone. In Ethiopia, annual urban population growth rate is estimated to be above 4.3 %. In line with this income inequality in urban areas income inequality is growing up and the incidence of urban poverty in developing country like Ethiopia is very high.  Thus, the present study aims to identify the determinant and status   of income inequality among urban households of North Shewa Zone Oromia National regional state by using Gini index and multiple regression models on the data collected from 400 respondents.
Relation between vitamin D and uterine fibroid
Authors: Ahmed Esraa Sayed , Seif Amal Abo , Abdel Hakam Faiza Ahmed , Mokhtar Entsar Raafat
Published: April 2022

Background; Uterine fibroids (UFs) are benign tumors that develop from the uterus' smooth muscle cells and are mostly found in the pelvic. Aim of the work; we aimed to compare serum vitamin D level between patients, have uterine fibroids and those without. Subjects and methods; our current study included 90 females and was conducted as a case control study; 50 were diagnosed with uterine fibroid and 40 were healthy volunteers (control) during the period from July 2019 to July 2020.  they were recruited from Al Zahra’a University Hospital. Serum vitamin D level was measured by ELISA. Results; Vitamin D serum concentrations were significantly lower in the studied females with UFs compared to healthy controls (mean 19.24 ±16.0 vs. 33.83 ±17.5) ng/mL in cases and controls, respectively, with a statistically significant p-value <0.001. Serum vitamin D levels have a significant, linear, negative, moderate association with uterine fibroids size. Conclusion; in our study group, reduced serum vitamin D levels were found to be inversely related to UF burden. A lack of vitamin D may be a risk factor for the incidence of uterine fibroids.
Transportation Service and Students Satisfaction A Study on Dhaka University
Authors:   Scholar, Department of Peace and Conflict Studies, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh., Jabin Nasrin , Noman Abdullah Al ,   Scholar, Department of Public Administration, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh., Parvin Saima ,   Student, Department of Sociology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh., Kader Abdul ,   Student, Department of Urdu Language and Literature, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh., Aktar Tasfi ,   Scholar, Department of Peace and Conflict Studies, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh., Uddin Imdad ,   Student, Department of Islamic Art, Architecture and Archeology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Published: April 2022

This paper attempts to explore the level of satisfaction of the Students of the Dhaka University, Bangladesh regarding the transportation Services provided to them by the university authority. The Study also provides detailed accounts of the transport patterns and transportation services, problems and issues faced by students who commute regularly in university buses. A cross-sectional survey has been conducted to investigates relevant issues of Transportation Services, its barriers and User preferences and explores the main transport challenges faced by the students. Results have been obtained following a survey designed in mix approach of research. A total of 340 respondents were collected following a quota sampling using well designed questionnaire where an equal male-female ratio of the respondents was strictly maintained. Study found that users scored the ‘comfort’ as the lowest (40%) feature of the university transportation services. Students shared their sufferings as well as positive impacts of University Transportation services in this Study. The saddest part of the findings of this study is that there is no specific provision for the students with special needs in the university transports. Having no ‘Transportation Policy’ might cause this sort of lacking among all others. So, it can be expected that the university authority will take necessary actions to have a sound transportation policy in near future. At the end, some recommendations have been put here to get these reflected in the policy to make it a sustainable and inclusive one.
Response Challenges to Cancer Immunotherapies
Authors: Al-Janabi Ismail
Published: April 2022

Humans have an exquisite immune system that enables them to not only identify and eliminate foreign antigens but also their own cells if they go awry. Cancer cells, through acquiring alterations in their genomes, can harbor slightly modified proteins and expression patterns. These changes can be detected and eliminated by a competent immune system. The immune system can be further assisted in killing rogue cancer cells through the use of immunotherapies. However, despite immunotherapies showing great promise in certain cancers and a subset of patients, these treatments are characterized by high rates of response resistance. Here, a narrative review is presented of the possible mechanisms underpinning resistance to immunotherapies, together with strategies to improve their response rates.
The incidence and risk factors of post-extubation dysphagia in critically ill surgical patients: protocol for prospective observational study
Authors: Phothikun Natsuda , Thitisakulchai Poungkaew , Tanvijit Phakamas , Yuyen Thassayu
Published: April 2022

Background: Post-extubation dysphagia (PED) is commonly reported in critically ill patients. Although dysphagia is not a fatal disease, it is an important medical condition that required the appropriate treatment. Early detection of PED is essential to reduce complications. There is no well-established standard screening and treatment protocol for surgical intensive care unit. The aims of this study are to report the incidence and identify the risk factors of PED in critically ill surgical patients.

Methods: This study is a prospective observational study. Two hundred patients who are intubated and on mechanical ventilation for ≥ 24 hours and successfully extubated without exclusion are needed to be enrolled. The patients will be performed water swallowing test (WST) at bedside in surgical ICU within 3-6 hours after extubation. For those patients who failed the WST, swallowing specialists will perform bedside fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) in SICU within 24-48 hours to establish the diagnosis of dysphagia. The primary outcome is the incidence and risk factors of post-extubation dysphagia. The secondary outcomes include time to resume oral diet after extubation, Functional Oral Intake Scale at follow-up, and adverse outcomes related with PED.

Discussion: The early detection of PED could be accomplished by using an effective screening tool, the WST, and confirmed the diagnosis by FEES performed by swallowing specialists. The incidence and risk factors of PED reported in this study will be helpful in developing the protocol for screening and treatment for PED in critically ill surgical patients.

Trial registration: The Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR20211023003)
Registered on 23 October 2021
A Comparative study of five species of Curcuma with special reference to Pseudostem and Rhizome characters
Authors: Febina M. , Radhakrishnan V. , Mohanan K.
Published: April 2022

Identification of different species of Curcuma based on morphological and anatomical characters is difficult. Under commercial cultivation, the crop is usually harvested before flowering. Variation in number and arrangement of primary and secondary vascular bundles, orientation of endodermal layer, number and shape of curcumin cells and starch grains provide some tools for identification at this level but these are not completely dependable. The present study made it possible to easily identify five important species Curcuma longa L., C. amada Roxb., C. zanthorrhiza Roxb., C. aromatica Salisb. and C. aeruginosa Roxb. based on pseudostem and rhizome characters in the vegetative phase. A simple and easy method for identification of the five species of Curcuma by observing the rhizome pigmentation is reported.
Genetic variability in seed and seedling traits of Jatropha curcas L.
Authors: Nayak D. , Prajapati V. , Shah R. , Jadeja D.
Published: April 2022

Twenty two Jatropha curcas L. seed sources representing the states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Haryana, Punjab and Rajasthan were evaluated to assess the genetic variability of seed and seedling traits during April to October, 2005 under statistically randomized block design with three replications to study the genetic variability of seed and seedling traits of Jatropha curcas L. The characters studied were 100 seed weight, seed length, seed width, germination percentage, germinative energy, seedling height, seedling collar diameter, number of leaves and seedling survival percentage. Genotypic variances were higher than the environmental variances for all the characters, thereby, indicating their importance for selection. The genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation was high for seedling survival percentage, seedling height and germination percentage. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance expressed as percent mean was observed for seedling survival, germinative energy, seedling height and germination percentage. The characters namely seedling collar diameter, 100 seed weight and seed width exhibited high heritability coupled with medium genetic advance expressed as percent mean.
Problems and Prospects of Formation of Digital Competence of Future Scientific and Pedagogical Workers of Higher Education Institutions Through Gamification: Opportunities Kahoot, Quizlet in the European Union
Authors: Oksana Holiuk , Kateryna Kruty , Iryna Desnova , Olena Blashkova , Neonila Korylchuk
Published: April 2022

This article discussed the trends and features of the formation of digital competence of future teachers through virtual games such as Kahoot and Quizlet. The purpose of this article was to identify modern features of the use of virtual games in the educational process of future teachers in European Union. To achieved this goal, an analytical study was conducted on the use of Kahoot and Quizlet in education. A logical, historical, and comparative legal method was used to research prospects of formation of digital competence of future scientific and pedagogical workers of higher education institutions through gamification. Using a comparative legal method, a comparative analysis of the level of use of gamification tools. As a result, conclusions were made about a significant increase in the level of use of gamification tools in various types of educational activities of future research and teaching staff. It was determined that there are negative and positive effects of gamification. It is concluded that the use of gamification tools in various types of educational activities requires students to develop additional skills that are necessary in today's world. Active use of Kahoot, Quizlet in education helps to improve students' adaptive and social skills, quickly analyze their achievements and easily convey new information. Moreover, this format contains features before the usual learning format. Therefore, the problem of developing appropriate methods and skills of gamification in education was becoming urgent. As a result, it was determined that the topic of effective use of gamification tools in education is becoming increasingly important.
Связь модели психического и интеллектуального развития у детей с расстройствами аутистического спектра
Authors: Туревская Рита , Пленсковская Арина
Published: April 2022

Представлены результаты эмпирического исследования связи понимания ментальных состояний и интеллектуального развития в парадигме «theory of mind» (ТоМ). С использованием методик Ф. Аппе «Удивительные истории» (Strange storytest), теста на понимание физической и ментальной причинности С. Барона-Коэна (Picture Sequencing Test), шкал интеллекта для детей Д. Векслера (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children) проведено сравнительное исследование на выборках детей нормативной группы (N = 24) и высокофункциональных детей с РАС (N = 20) 7-11 лет. Предложена модификация классических тестов ТоМ с опорой на системно-уровневую модель развития ТоМ с выделением эмоционально-образного, перцептивно-образного, концептуального уровней репрезентаций ТоМ [Туревская, Пленсковская, 2021]. Выявлена качественно иная структура взаимосвязей между уровнями ТоМ и интеллектуальным развитием у детей с РАС в сравнении с нейротипичными детьми: концептуальный уровень значимо связан с вниманием к недостающим деталям и способностью устанавливать последовательность событий, эмоционально-образный уровень обратно связан с умением определять и оперировать понятиями. В то время как у детей группы нормы перцептивно-образный уровень значимо связан со способностью устанавливать последовательность событий. Статистически доказано, что при атипичном развитии интеллектуальные предпосылки ТоМ при аутизме качественно изменены по сравнению с нормативной группой. Имеет место неоднозначный характер взаимосвязей различных измерений ТоМ с параметрами общего интеллекта как по структуре, так и по направлению.
A Prospective Cohort Study on Suspected COVID-19 Patients undergoing Nasopharyngeal Swab PCR and HRCT
Authors: John Akash , Faridi Tallat Anwar , Samreen Kubra , Gill Anil , Noor Sofia , Iqbal Neelam , John Nayab
Published: April 2022

Objective:To Determine the Specificity, Accuracy and Sensitivity of HRCT in Diagnosis of Covi-19.

Methods: Prospective cohort study was done with 181 participants who were suspected for COVID-19 infection and were followed to evaluate PCR and HRCT reporting in patients with clinical symptoms.

Results: 86.8% of patients had a dry cough, followed most commonly with shortness of breath. 65 (35.9%) of patients had ground-glass opacities of haze on HRCT followed by 47 (26 %). who had consolidations present. 147 (81.2)patients had a positive PCR whereas 34 (18.7%) was negative had an HRCT that was suggestive of having COVID-19 pneumonia.

Conclusion:In conclusion clinical symptomatology, HRCT findings and PCR all should be used in a triple examination. It is concluded that a positive PCR test is very specific and used to make diagnosis for Covid-19. CT has a higher sensitivity but a lower specificity, thus helping with disease diagnosis and therapy.
Role of Multi Detector Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of Hepatic Masses
Authors: Rehman Ishtiaq ur rehman , Farooq Syed Muhammad Yousaf , Ashraf Adnan , Khan Muhammad Zakir , Gilani Hafiz Syed Arslan , Faisal Muhammad Arslan , Ahmad Faizan , Afzal Muhammad Aqib
Published: April 2022

The liver is at risk of various diseases which include benign and malignant. The rich blood supply by hepatic artery and portal vein. Objective: To find the role of multi detector computed tomography in the evaluation of hepatic masses.  Methods: It was cross-sectional analytical study. It involves 162 patients suffering from liver masses visiting Shalimar hospital, Lahore. Consecutive sampling method was used. Analyses by using SPSS version 21.0. Results: In this study, 162 patients visited radiological department because all the patients were suffering from different hepatic masses. Out of 162 patients, 116 patients were males and 46 patients were females. In these 162 patients, 112 patients (69.9%) were suffering from HCC, 55 patients (34%) were suffering from abscess, 42 patients (26.9%) were suffering from multiple cysts, 12 patients (8%)were suffering from FNH, 9 patients (7.4%) were suffering from hemangioma, 4 (2.5%)patients were suffering from hydatid cyst and 2 patients (1.2%) were suffering from lymphoma. Conclusion: Triple phases CT helps in better diagnosis of different types of hepatic masses and our study concludes that the prevalence of HCC is higher than other masses. It also provide information about enhancement of liver lesion with the help of images. CT also helps in diagnosis of different liver lesions in arterial, venous and delayed phase.
A Cross Sectional Study to Evaluate Adverse Outcomes of Vitamin D Deficiency in Females of Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Faridi Tallat Anwar , John Akash , Iqbal Neelam , Ahmed Arsalan , Hussain Muhammad Bakir
Published: April 2022

Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble sec steroids responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate, and multiple other biological effects. The most important compounds in human are vitamin D₃ and vitamin D₂. Vitamin D is essential for strong bones, because it helps the body use calcium from the diet. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with rickets, a disease in which the bone tissue doesn't properly mineralize, leading to soft bones and skeletal deformities. A cross sectional study was conducted from 30th January 2021  to 30th June 2021 to evaluate adverse outcomes of Vitamin D level among 370 females of aged 20-60 years were recruited through non-probability convenient sampling technique from students and Faculty ofColleges and Universities in Lahore, Pakistan. The data was collected through a Semi-Structured Questionnaire.A total 370 participantswere included age groups of female ranging from 20-60. Comparing age and level of Vitamin D was more common in reproductive age of females with more association in young females of 20 to 30 years. 81.9 % participants had general awareness regarding deficiency of vitamin D. 80% People eat Vitamin D Rich Diet While only 20% use vitamin D supplements and only 41.9 % females drinks a Cup of Cow Milk. 73.8% participants had suffered weakness and general body aches and 82.2% females reported musculoskeletal pain.This studyevaluated thatMost of Educated People are unaware of Vitamin D knowledge and intake. They take insufficient amount of Vitamin D and experience discomfort in Muscoskeletal system.
Breast Cancer Lesions and its classification
Authors: Ayyub Hafsa , Hassan Amber , Ehsan Kashifa , Asif Hina , Kabir Mahvish
Published: April 2022

Breast cancer is a type of cancer that springs up from breast tissue, most generally from the privileged line of milk ducts or the lobules that supply milk from the ducts. There are two main types of breast cancer situ and invasive. situ carcinoma includes lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Invasive carcinoma includes invasive lobular carcinoma (ILS) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Tumors that form in breast cancer are also of two types Benign and Malignant tumors. Benign tumors are well-differentiated; structure may be typical of tissue of origin. Metastasis is absent in it. Malignant Tumors have lack differentiation; the structure is mostly atypical whereas Metastasis is present. The most frequent symptoms found in women are breast pain, nipple discharge, and a palpable mass. Women having such problems have benign breast disease. Nipple discharge is the pronominal of breast cancer. The greatest incidence, boost level disease presentation, low endures rates have been found in Pakistan. Increased prevalence has a great impact on the economic status of Pakistan. It is reported that women have aged 50 years and older were extra liable to build up breast cancer than women with age less than 50 years. Fibroadenoma is the most frequent benign breast lesion
Risk Factors for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Rafi Uzma , Kabir Mahvish , Asif Hina , Kanwal Shazia
Published: April 2022

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is a common cancer worldwide. Regular oral checkup is recommended for smokers and drinkers and preventive measures should be taken for discouraging and giving up the smoking.  Persons who don’t use tobacco and alcohol individually but in the combined form, they are at more risk, because the combination which raises the risk of oral cancer 15 times in users than non-users. Although tobacco smoking and alcohol intake are risk factors of oral cancer but their combined effects are more harmful as compare to individual ones. After tobacco smoking, HPV is the most common causative agent for oral cancer in the United states.  Different types of HPV are associated with infections. Skin warts are also caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). The HPV infection is transmitted through many ways. The most important of which are prenatal. genital infections, through blood, shared objects and hands. If the objects are contaminated with HPV infection, and they are shared to one person to the other, then there is a possible chance of transmission of HPV. Fingers-genital contact is a unlikely to be a significant source but it is a possible way of HPV to be transmitted.
Iron expression in the biopsies of patients with different grades of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Faridi Tallat Anwar , Dar Ali Junaid , Tanvir Imrana , Hassan Bilal
Published: April 2022

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is becoming a frequent problem all over the world and its etiological factors are different in different areas of the world. Iron is a pivotal nutrient and its deficiency is considered as malnutrition. The possibility that low iron intake might cause oral cancer needs to be investigated Objective: To evaluate the expression of iron in different grades of oral cancer.  Methods: A total of 40 biopsy samples of OSCC were included in this study, comprising of 35% well and moderately differentiated and 25% in poorly differentiated cases.Iron staining was performed on all the cases and routine hematoxylin-eosin staining was also performed. Cases were then assessed by two independent hisptopathologists Results: Increased expression of iron in early stage of cancer was observed, which is well differentiated stage. Moderate expression was observed in moderately differentiated stage and almost no expression was observed in highly advanced stage of cancer which is poorly differentiated stage.   Conclusions: According to this study, it has been concluded that there is more prevalence of oral cancer in males than in females because the males of this region are more involve in cigratte smoking and the use of oral drugs like pan, gutka, mishri and other types of chewing drugs. Iron deficiency in the body may lead to OSCC.