bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Success in Britain comes with an awful lot of small print’: Greg Rusedski and the precarious performance of national identity
Authors: Black Jack , Fletcher Thomas , Lake Robert J
Published: April 2020

Sport continues to be one of the primary means through which notions of Englishness and Britishness are constructed, contested, and resisted. The legacy of the role of sport in the colonial project of the British Empire, combined with more recent connections between sport and far right fascist/nationalist politics, has made the association between Britishness, Englishness, and ethnic identity(ies) particularly intriguing. In this paper, these intersections are explored through British media coverage of the Canadian‐born, British tennis player, Greg Rusedski. This coverage is examined through the lens of ‘performativity,’ as articulated by Judith Butler. Through a critical application of Butler's ideas, the ways in which the media seek to recognise and normalise certain identities, while problematising and excluding others, can be more fully appreciated. Thus, it was within newspaper framings of Rusedski that hegemonic notions of White Englishness could be performed, maintained, and embedded.
Two cases of COVID‐19 with positive salivary and negative pharyngeal or respiratory swabs at hospital discharge: A rising concern
Authors: Azzi Lorenzo , Carcano Giulio , Dalla Gasperina Daniella , Sessa Fausto , Maurino Vittorio , Baj Andreina
Published: April 2020

We report two cases of COVID‐19 showing negative respiratory swabs but positive salivary samples at the same time. These findings rise the concern about how to manage these patients before hospital discharging, thus avoiding contagion among their family members or a second coronavirus wave once the lockdown is over.
Oxidative stress, neutrophil elastase and IGFBP7 levels in patients with oropharyngeal cancer and chronic periodontitis
Authors: Aral Cüneyt Asım , Ölçer Sude Nur , Aral Kübra , Kapila Yvonne
Published: April 2020

Objective

The present study focused on investigating levels of oxidative stress, neutrophil elastase (NE), and insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) in oropharyngeal cancers (OC) with the presence and absence of periodontitis.

Materials and Methods

A healthy non‐periodontitis group (H‐NP; n = 20), a systemically healthy chronic periodontitis group (H‐P; n = 20), a non‐periodontitis group with OC (OC‐NP; n = 12), and a chronic periodontitis group with OC (OC‐P; n = 16) formed the study groups. The levels of NE and IGFBP7 were measured in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva. In addition, oxidative status was determined by evaluating total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and OSI (TOS/TAS).

Results

Gingival crevicular fluid NE was higher in all the groups compared with the H‐NP group (p < .01). Salivary NE was higher in the OC‐P and H‐P groups compared with the H‐NP and OC‐NP groups (p < .05). Salivary IGFBP7 was significantly higher in the OC‐NP and OC‐P groups compared with the H‐NP and H‐P groups (p < .001). GCF TOS and OSI levels were significantly higher in all groups compared with the H‐NP group (p < .05).

Conclusions

Gingival crevicular fluid NE levels were lower in healthy conditions compared with periodontal disease and OC. Salivary NE levels were higher in periodontal disease compared to states with no periodontal disease. Salivary IGFBP7 levels were higher in OC. Further analyses may help determine whether high salivary IGFBP7 levels distinguish OC from healthy conditions.
Procedure for Femoral Intertrochanteric Fractures using the “Three‐Finger Method” Assisted by Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation
Authors: Cheng, MD Qian , Lin, BM Li , Zhu, MD Xiao‐dong , Li, MD Gui‐zhu , Gao, BM Xiao‐ming , Qian, BM Yao , Zhao, MD Guo‐yang , Di, MD Dong‐hua
Published: April 2020

Objective

To assess long‐term follow‐up evaluations for the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fractures with the “three‐finger method” assisted by proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA).

Methods

From January 2010 to January 2017, 123 patients were selected and followed for the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fractures with PFNA assisted by the “three‐finger method” (application of the index finger, middle finger, and ring finger in the process of surgery to assist PFNA). There were 56 male patients and 67 female patients aged 52–93 years with an average age of 75.6 years, and 88 cases were due to a fall and 35 due to a traffic accident injury. The femoral necks were fixed with PFNA assisted by the “three‐finger method” applying the following procedure: traction reduction, determining the incision, inserting the needle, and placing screw. The Harris hip score, postoperative complications, hip pain and function status were statistically analyzed to evaluate the surgical efficacy and to discuss the surgical technique of the “three‐finger method” assisted by PFNA.

Results

According to the Harris scoring criteria, patients were followed for 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 years, and the good outcomes of patients were recorded. The excellent and good rate of 87% was the highest in the second year of follow‐up. Then, the rate decreased following the eighth year of follow‐up. The excellent and good rate of 82.7% was the lowest. The patients with incisions healed well, there were no instances of fat liquefaction or infection. There were three cases of effusion, the rate was 2.4%. The secretions were cultured, and no bacterial growth was found. After treatment of the wound, it healed, and the spiral blade used for the femoral head did not wear out. There was one case of femoral head necrosis. There was no significant correlation between hip pain and sex and age (P > 0.05), and the function of the hip joint was significantly correlated with the age of the patients (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The “three‐finger method” in the process of surgery to assist PFNA for the treatment of patients with intertrochanteric fractures of the femur simplified the operation steps, reduced the operation difficulty, shortened the operation time, improved the operation efficiency, and reduced the incidence of postoperative complications.
From brooding to detachment: Rumination longitudinally predicts an increase in depersonalization and derealisation
Authors: Vannikov‐Lugassi Miriam , Shalev Hadar , Soffer‐Dudek Nirit
Published: April 2020

Objectives

Depersonalization–derealization (DEP‐DER) is a dissociative experience which is related to psychopathology and distress. Yet, the aetiological factors leading to DEP‐DER are not sufficiently clear. In this study, we suggest rumination as one possible antecedent. Thus, the goal of the study was to explore the longitudinal relationship between rumination and DEP‐DER.

Design

Longitudinal self‐report study; mixed clinical and community sample.

Methods

The study was conducted on 98 participants, 49 of them were diagnosed with depression, anxiety disorders, or obsessive–compulsive disorder, and the other 49 were healthy, matched community controls. The participants underwent a structured clinical interview and completed a battery of questionnaires. Then, the participants completed the same battery again once a month, for five additional assessment points (6 months in total). The data were analysed using multilevel linear modelling with time‐lag analysis.

Results

We found that levels of rumination and DEP‐DER increased and decreased simultaneously, meaning that on assessments in which people reported that they tended to ruminate, they also reported higher levels of DEP‐DER symptoms. In addition, we found support for a unidirectional association, consistent with our theoretical hypothesis. Specifically, rumination levels on a certain month longitudinally predicted a higher likeliness for reporting DEP‐DER on the following month, even when controlling for the contemporaneous relationship. Conversely, DEP‐DER symptoms did not longitudinally predict increased rumination.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that rumination may be an antecedent of DEP‐DER, but not vice versa. Possible mechanisms to explain this link are discussed.

Practitioner points

Rumination and DEP‐DER oscillate together over time; additionally, rumination predicts a longitudinal increase in DEP‐DER.

Clinicians noticing ruminative thought followed by decreased emotionality should distinguish between an authentic decrease of distress versus detachment.

The findings provide one possible explanation for the frequency of DEP‐DER symptoms in anxiety and depressive disorders.

Poor sleep quality and emotion regulation difficulties should be explored as potential mediators explaining this link.
Evaluation and management of urachal remnants in children
Authors: Orbatu Dilek , Alaygut Demet
Published: April 2020

Background

This study aimed to evaluate the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric patients with urachal remnants.

Methods

Medical records of patients diagnosed with urachal remnants between 2015–2019 were evaluated retrospectively. Age, gender, admission complaints, diagnosis, size of cysts, the complications that developed, and treatment modalities were recorded.

Results

The study population consisted of 15 cases including seven girls. Most of the cases were asymptomatic. The urachal remnants were detected by ultrasonography. The most common symptom in symptomatic patients was abdominal pain and umbilical discharge. Three patients required surgery and most of them were conservatively followed up. Complication, infection, and bladder rupture were observed in one case.

Conclusions

Follow‐up of patients with urachal remnants can be performed conservatively. The type of complaint and the presence of clinical and radiological regression (if any) are important for deciding the treatment during the follow‐up. However, conservative follow‐up is more prominent today, as shown in this study.
How to React to Internal and External Sharing in B2C and C2C
Authors: Pei Jun , Yan Ping , Kumar Subodha , Liu Xinbao
Published: April 2020

The sharing economy has developed rapidly in recent years using both business‐to‐customer (B2C) and customer‐to‐customer (C2C) models. This has exerted a profound impact on incumbent firms that follow a traditional sales model. Although the effects of B2C or C2C sharing in certain scenarios have been studied by prior literature, the effect of external B2C sharing has not been considered. Furthermore, the possible distinction between the two sharing effects as well as incumbent firms’ decisions on the sales and sharing models under the internal and external environments have not been addressed. This study compares the effects of B2C and C2C sharing in an internal sharing scenario where an incumbent firm can extend into the sharing business. Due to the difference in sharing agents, we also consider an external sharing scenario where an independent entrant firm can provide B2C or C2C sharing and strategically set price. From the perspectives of product cost and sharing transaction cost, we present several new managerial insights to expand on existing literature. First, under the internal sharing scenario, interestingly, the incumbent firm benefits from extending into the B2C or C2C sharing business only when the product cost is above a threshold, and it prefers to extend into the C2C sharing business unless the per‐period transaction cost of C2C sharing is much higher than that of B2C sharing. In addition, it is shown that the incumbent firm may need to produce more products for sales, or maintain lower sharing supply when it extends into the B2C sharing business than those when it extends C2C sharing, which is somewhat counter‐intuitive. Under the external sharing scenario, we observe that the B2C sharing business benefits the incumbent firm merely when the product cost is high, similar to the impact of C2C sharing. Meanwhile, if the per‐period transaction cost of C2C sharing is much higher than that of B2C sharing, then the positive impact of external B2C sharing on the incumbent firm’s profitability should be stronger than that of external C2C sharing. Moreover, external B2C sharing actually increases the sales demand of the incumbent firm under the conditions of low product cost and high sharing transaction cost, while external C2C sharing might increase it as well in the condition of high product cost. Both external B2C and C2C sharing may lead to a higher rental price than internal sharing in the presence of high product cost. Furthermore, even though the product cost is low, there should be higher customer surplus and total social welfare in the external B2C or C2C sharing scenarios. For constructing a comprehensive framework of sharing scenarios, we also extend our model to a setting where the incumbent firm could extend both B2C and C2C sharing in the internal and external environments. It is shown that the incumbent firm always extends into the sharing business to compete against the entrant firm in the external sharing scenario.
Inheritance and quantitative trait loci analyses of the anthocyanins and catechins of Camellia sinensis cultivar ‘Ziyan’ with dark‐purple leaves
Authors: Tan Li‐Qiang , Yang Chun‐Jing , Zhou Bin , Wang Liu‐Bin , Zou Yao , Chen Wei , Xia Tao , Tang Qian
Published: April 2020

Owing to the potential health benefits, anthocyanin‐rich teas (Camellia sinensis) have attracted interest over the past decade. Previously, we developed the cultivar ‘Ziyan,’ which has dark‐purple leaves because of the accumulation of a high amount of anthocyanins. In this study, we performed a genetic analysis of this anthocyanin‐rich tea cultivar and 176 of its naturally pollinated offspring. For two consecutive years, we quantified the anthocyanins and catechins of ‘Ziyan’ and the offspring population. While >60% of the offspring accumulated less than half of the amount of anthocyanins of ‘Ziyan,’ 17 (2018) and 15 (2019) individuals exceeded ‘Ziyan’ in anthocyanin content. A negative correlation between anthocyanin and total catechin content (r = −0.59, P < 0.001) was observed. The population was genotyped with 131 SSR markers spanning all linkage groups of the C. sinensis genome. Kruskal‐Wallis tests identified 10 markers significantly associated with anthocyanins, catechins and their ratios in both years. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses using the interval mapping method detected 13 QTLs, suggesting the dark‐purple trait of ‘Ziyan’ is because of the pyramiding of anthocyanin‐promoting alleles on at least five linkage groups. Two genetic loci reversely related to anthocyanin and total catechin contents were identified. This study provides valuable information for genetic improvement of purple tea cultivars and for fine‐mapping related genes.
Fighting COVID‐19 with Agility, Transparency, and Participation: Wicked Policy Problems and New Governance Challenges
Authors: Moon M. Jae
Published: April 2020

Governments are being put to the test as they struggle with the fast and wide spread of COVID‐19. This article discusses the compelling challenges posed by the COVID‐19 pandemic by examining how this wicked problem has been managed by the South Korean government with agile‐adaptive, transparent actions to mitigate the surge of COVID‐19. Unlike many Western countries, South Korea has been able to contain the spread of COVID‐19 without a harsh forced lockdown of the epicenter of the virus. This essay argues that an agile‐adaptive approach, a policy of transparency in communicating risk, and citizens’ voluntary cooperation are critical factors. It also suggests that the South Korean government learned costly lessons from the MERS failure of 2015. This essay suggests ways that Western countries can manage future wicked problems such as COVID‐19 without paying too much cost and maintaining quality of life in open and free societies.
Improving External Validity of Epidemiologic Cohort Analyses: a Kernel Weighting Approach
Authors: Wang Lingxiao , Graubard Barry I. , Katki Hormuzd A. , Li and Yan
Published: April 2020

For various reasons, cohort studies generally forgo probability sampling required to obtain population representative samples. However, such cohorts lack population representativeness, which invalidates estimates of population prevalences for novel health factors that are only available in cohorts. To improve external validity of estimates from cohorts, we propose a kernel weighting (KW) approach that uses survey data as a reference to create pseudoweights for cohorts. A jackknife variance is proposed for the KW estimates. In simulations, the KW method outperformed two existing propensity-score-based weighting methods in mean-squared error while maintaining confidence interval coverage. We applied all methods to estimating US population mortality and prevalences of various diseases from the non-representative US National Institutes of Health–American Association of Retired Persons cohort, using the sample from the US-representative National Health Interview Survey as the reference. Assuming that the survey estimates are correct, the KW approach yielded generally less biased estimates compared with the existing propensity-score-based weighting methods.
Effects of active commuting to work for 12 months on cardiovascular risk factors and body composition
Authors: Sareban Mahdi , Fernandez La Puente de Battre Maria Dolores , Reich Bernhard , Schmied Christian , Loidl Martin , Niederseer David , Niebauer Josef
Published: April 2020

Active commuting has the potential to decrease cardiovascular risk by increasing physical activity. We aimed to investigate the effects of active commuting to work for 12 months on body composition and cardiovascular risk factors. Therefore, 73 hospital employees (age: 46 ± 9 years, 36% males), with a predominantly passive way of commuting, were randomly assigned to an intervention group (IG) and a control group (CG) in a 2:1 fashion. The IG was further divided into a public transportation plus active commuting group (IG‐PT) and a cycling group (IG‐C). Both IGs were prompted to reach 150 min/wk of moderate intensity exercise. Daily self‐reported commuting details were verified by GPS tracking. All subjects underwent assessment of body composition, resting blood pressure, glycemic control, and lipid profile at the beginning and end of the study. Data for final analyses were available in 62 subjects. Commuting details indicated that the subjects randomized to IG changed their commuting habits. HbA1c decreased by 0.2% [95%CI: −0.3, −0.2] in IG‐PT but was not statistically different between groups (P = .06). LDL cholesterol decreased in IG‐C by 0.8 mmol/L [−1.1, −0.4] and by 0.6 mmol/L [−1.2, 0.1] in IG‐PT which can be considered biologically relevant but did not yield statistical significance. Body composition and blood pressure did not differ between groups. Active commuting to work for 12 months did not change body composition but yielded relevant changes in lipid profile and glycemic control. Health benefits of active commuting should be addressed by healthcare professionals when counseling individuals that seek to improve their cardiovascular risk profile.
Moving beyond class: A critical review of labor‐environmental conflicts from the global south
Authors: Satheesh Silpa
Published: April 2020

Popularly referred to as the “Blue‐Green conflicts,” the tensions between labor and environmental movements have received extensive scholarly attention as it exposes the trade‐off between the economy and the environment. The jobs versus the environment trade‐off has been a focal point of tension in the relationship between trade‐unions and green movements across the globe. In this article, I critically review the existing literature on labor and environmental conflicts from a Global South standpoint. The review exposes how the extant literature on labor‐environmental relations almost exclusively focuses on cases and settings in the Global North, thereby centering the process of inquiry entirely around western social contexts and movements. In this article, I demonstrate why the conception of environmentalism as a middle‐class phenomenon within the extant literature is problematic as; (a) it fails to consider the poor and working‐class environmental movements in countries in the Global South, and (b) it completely overlooks the environmental justice movements and other working‐class environmental movements in the Global North itself. The review highlights the need to bring postcolonial movements and settings to the center of sociological analysis to decolonize the research on social movements.
Mind‐mindedness and self–other distinction: Contrasts between Japanese and British mothers’ speech samples
Authors: Fujita Nao , Hughes Claire
Published: April 2020

To elucidate cultural contrasts in children's family environments, we conducted in‐depth, direct comparisons of mind‐mindedness and self–other distinction from maternal speech. The study included 5‐min speech samples of 225 mothers from Japan (N = 111) and the U.K. (N = 114) talking about their 3‐ to 6‐year‐old children (including 11 sibling pairs,n = 236). Compared with Japanese mothers, British mothers spoke significantly more, gave a significantly higher proportion of child‐focused and mind‐related comments, and also showed a stronger self–other distinction. In addition, within each country, there was a positive relation between mothers’ references to children in the singular (as opposed to plural) form and their mind‐mindedness. Together, the current findings highlight cultural variations in maternal mind‐mindedness, explicit–implicit communication style, and self–other distinction, and also suggest further exploration of relations among them.
Shrinkage cracking of unsaturated fine soils: New experimental device and measurement techniques
Authors: El Hajjar Ahmad , Ouahbi Tariq , Eid Joanna , Hattab Mahdia , Taibi Said
Published: April 2020

Clay fine soils are characterised by an ability to change volume when subjected to suction. Soil cracking due to desiccation is a phenomenon of great importance in the environmental geotechnical engineering domain. Aiming to understand shrinkage mechanism, and conditions that lead to appearance of drying cracks, a new experimental testing coupled device digital image correlation‐ clay ring test (DIC‐CRT) was developed to investigate fine soils shrinkage and cracking. The new feature of this paper is to link both measurement techniques, based on 2D/3D‐DIC and an innovative CRT, in order to assess stress and strain in soils during desiccation. Tests were carried out on a kaolinite having a liquid limit of wL= 40%, and prepared as a slurry with w = 1.5 wLof water content. The results highlight the relevance in combining these two techniques, particularly to assess internal stresses developed in the material using CRT and link them to strains leading to cracking measured by DIC method.
CD34+ cell mobilization, blood graft composition, and posttransplant recovery in myeloma patients compared to non‐Hodgkinʼs lymphoma patients: results of the prospective multicenter GOA study
Authors: Turunen Antti , Partanen Anu , Valtola Jaakko , Ropponen Antti , Siitonen Timo , Kuittinen Outi , Kuitunen Hanne , Putkonen Mervi , Sankelo Marja , Keskinen Leena , Savolainen Eeva‐Riitta , Pyörälä Marja , Kuittinen Taru , Silvennoinen Raija , Penttilä Karri , Sikiö Anu , Vasala Kaija , Mäntymaa Pentti , Pelkonen Jukka , Varmavuo Ville , Jantunen Esa
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

Autologous stem cell transplantation is an established treatment option for patients with multiple myeloma (MM) or non‐Hodgkinʼs lymphoma (NHL).

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

In this prospective multicenter study, 147 patients with MM were compared with 136 patients with NHL regarding the mobilization and apheresis of blood CD34+ cells, cellular composition of infused blood grafts, posttransplant recovery, and outcome.

RESULTS

Multiple myeloma patients mobilized CD34+ cells more effectively (6.3 × 106/kg vs. 3.9 × 106/kg, p = 0.001). The proportion of poor mobilizers (peak blood CD34+ cell count <20 × 106/L) was higher in NHL patients (15% vs. 3%, p < 0.001). Plerixafor was added to rescue the mobilization failure in 17 MM patients (12%) and in 35 NHL patients (26%; p = 0.002). The infused grafts contained more natural killer (NK) and CD19+ cells in MM patients. Blood platelet and NK‐cell counts were higher in MM patients posttransplant. Early treatment‐related mortality was low in both groups, but NHL patients had a higher late (>100 days) nonrelapse mortality (NRM; 6% vs. 0%, p = 0.003).

CONCLUSIONS

Non‐Hodgkinʼs lymphoma and MM patients differ in terms of mobilization of CD34+ cells, graft cellular composition, and posttransplant recovery. Thus, the optimal graft characteristics may also be different.
Rabacfosadine for naïve canine intermediate to large cell lymphoma: Efficacy and adverse event profile across three prospective clinical trials
Authors: Saba Corey F. , Clifford Craig , Burgess Kristine , Phillips Brenda , Vail David , Wright Zachary , Curran Katie , Fan Timothy , Elmslie Robyn , Post Gerald , Thamm Douglas
Published: April 2020

While current lymphoma therapies induce remission in most dogs, drug‐resistant relapse is common, creating a need for novel agents. Rabacfosadine (RAB), a double prodrug of the acyclic nucleotide phosphonate 9‐(2‐phosphonylmethoxyethel) guanine (PMEG), preferentially targets lymphoma cells with reduced systemic toxicity compared with PMEG. Previous studies evaluating RAB administered every 21 days have suggested efficacy in both naïve and relapsed subjects; however, no large studies of RAB as a single agent have been reported in previously untreated dogs with intermediate to large cell lymphoma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of RAB in dogs with previously untreated (excluding corticosteroids) lymphoma. Sixty‐three dogs received up to five RAB treatments every 21 days (16 at 0.82 mg/kg and 47 at 1.0 mg/kg) as a 30 minutes intravenous infusion, with (n = 23) or without (n = 40) concurrent corticosteroids. Response assessment and adverse event (Ae) evaluation were performed every 21 days via Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group (VCOG) criteria. The overall response rate was 87% (52% CR, 35% PR). The overall median progression free interval was 122 days (199 for CR, 89 for PR and 153 days for all responders). T‐cell immunophenotype and corticosteroid pre‐treatment were predictive of inferior outcomes on multivariate analysis. AEs were most commonly of gastrointestinal origin (hyporexia/diarrhoea) and generally resolved with supportive treatment and/or dosage adjustment. Three dogs experienced VCOG‐CTCAE grade 5 delayed pulmonary fibrosis. In conclusion, RAB administered every 3 weeks is generally well tolerated and demonstrates substantial antitumour activity in dogs with previously untreated intermediate to large cell lymphoma.
Bilateral locking compression plate and transcondylar screw fixation for stabilization of canine bicondylar humeral fractures
Authors: García Javier , Yeadon Russell , Solano Miguel A.
Published: April 2020

Objective

To report the surgical management, complications, and short‐term outcomes for dogs with humeral Y‐T fractures (ie, fractures affecting the medial and lateral aspect of the humeral condyle extending from the articular surface) that had been approached bilaterally (medial and lateral) and stabilized with two locking compression plates (LCP) and to investigate risk factors for major complications in the short term.

Study design

Retrospective case series.

Animals

Twenty‐eight client‐owned dogs.

Methods

Medical records of 28 dogs that presented with 29 consecutive Y‐T fractures that had been approached bilaterally, reduced, and stabilized by using a transcondylar screw (in lag or positional fashion) and two or three LCP were reviewed. All dogs had at least 6 weeks clinical follow‐up, and in some cases, responses from the long‐term owner‐based University of Liverpool questionnaire for owners of dogs with mobility problems (Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs) was obtained.

Results

Twenty‐eight dogs (29 fractures) presented with Y‐T fractures and met the inclusion criteria. The fractures were reduced and stabilized with bilateral LCP and screws. The French bulldog (n = 7) was the most commonly represented breed. Age ranged from 4 months to 9.5 years (mean, 43.53 ± 34.63 months); seven (25%) dogs were considered skeletally immature. Twenty‐seven (96.4%) dogs were considered to have had resolution of lameness at 6 weeks. Major complications were registered in two (7%) dogs; one dog required surgical revision, and one dog had catastrophic complications leading to amputation of the limb. The owner‐based questionnaire was available for 18 (64%) dogs.

Conclusion

Management of canine Y‐T humeral fractures stabilized with bilateral LCP and transcondylar screws led to a low complication rate with a good to excellent long‐term outcome according to responses on the client questionnaire. Risk factors for major complications were not identified in our sample population.

Clinical significance

Management of Y‐T humeral fractures stabilized with bilateral LCP and transcondylar screws can lead to good to excellent short‐term outcome with a low complication rate in mature and immature dogs.
Needle arthroscopy of the radiocarpal and middle carpal joints in standing sedated horses
Authors: Kadic Dimitri T. N. , Miagkoff Ludovic , Bonilla Alvaro G.
Published: April 2020

Objective

To develop a technique for standing diagnostic needle arthroscopy of the radiocarpal and middle carpal joints in standing sedated horses.

Study design

Experimental study.

Animals

Six cadaveric forelimbs (phase 1) and six healthy horses (phase 2).

Methods

In phase 1, six cadaveric forelimbs were used to assess needle arthroscopic evaluation of both joints. Six healthy horses were subsequently enrolled in phase 2 to validate the procedure in live animals. The joint was maintained in flexion with a custom‐made splint and base.

Results

In phase 1, needle arthroscopy allowed thorough evaluation of the dorsal and palmar recesses of both joints with traditional arthroscopic portals. In phase 2, joint evaluation was also thorough but only dorsal approaches were performed. All horses underwent radiocarpal joint arthroscopy, whereas the middle carpal joint was evaluated in only three of six horses because of limb movement. The technique was quickly performed and well tolerated by all horses. Complications included moderate movement, mild iatrogenic cartilage damage, and mild hemarthrosis.

Conclusion

Standing needle arthroscopy allowed thorough evaluation of the dorsal aspect of both joints, although only three of six middle carpal joints were assessed because of movement limitations.

Clinical significance

The proposed technique offers an alternative diagnostic tool for radiographically silent intra‐articular lesions of the carpus while initially avoiding the cost and risks associated with general anesthesia. Arthroscopy of a single joint is recommended to minimize risks associated with movement during the procedure.
Analysis of Instantaneous Vibrational Energy Flow for an Aero-Engine Dual-Rotor–Support–Casing Coupling System
Authors: Ma Yingqun , Zhao Qingjun , Zhang Kai , Xu Meng , Zhao Wei
Published: April 2020

The aero-engine casing is a key component for carrying loads. With the purpose of improving the thrust-weight ratio of the aero-engine, the casing is required to be designed to be as thin as possible. Therefore, the vibration of aero-engine's rotor, support, and casing will be easily coupled causing the whole engine's vibration to be more serious. Considering the structural vibration propagation is essentially the vibration energy transmission, the structural intensity (SI) method is popular and widely used to investigate the transmission phenomena of vibration energy in vibrating structures. This method combines forces with velocities to quantify the vibrational energy flow (VEF) transmitted in the structures by its directions and magnitude. Therefore, the SI fields are quantified by the developed computation system which combines the finite element design language and the in-house code. And a model of dual-rotor–support–casing coupling system subjected to the unbalanced forces of the rotors is established in this paper. The scalar and vector diagrams of instantaneous SI fields are visualized to show the main vibration energy transmission paths among these three parts. Moreover, the relationship between the SI and the mechanical energy is derived from the kinetic equation. According to this relationship, the phenomenon that the vibration energy and the strain energy are always converted to each other in the middle part of the rotor shaft with the first-order bending mode is discussed, which reveals the cause of the first-order bending mode of the rotor from a microscopic point of view.
The Role of Fluid Shear and Metastatic Potential in Breast Cancer Cell Migration
Authors: Riehl Brandon D. , Kim Eunju , Lee Jeong Soon , Duan Bin , Yang Ruiguo , Donahue Henry J. , Lim Jung Yul
Published: April 2020

During the migration of cancer cells for metastasis, cancer cells can be exposed to fluid shear conditions. We examined two breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-468 (less metastatic) and MDA-MB-231 (more metastatic), and a benign MCF-10A epithelial cell line for their responsiveness in migration to fluid shear. We tested fluid shear at 15 dyne/cm2 that can be encountered during breast cancer cells traveling through blood vessels or metastasizing to mechanically active tissues such as bone. MCF-10A exhibited the least migration with a trend of migrating in the flow direction. Intriguingly, fluid shear played a potent role as a trigger for MDA-MB-231 cell migration, inducing directional migration along the flow with significantly increased displacement length and migration speed and decreased arrest coefficient relative to unflowed MDA-MB-231. In contrast, MDA-MB-468 cells were markedly less migratory than MDA-MB-231 cells, and responded very poorly to fluid shear. As a result, MDA-MB-468 cells did not exhibit noticeable difference in migration between static and flow conditions, as was distinct in root-mean-square (RMS) displacement—an ensemble average of all participating cells. These may suggest that the difference between more metastatic MDA-MB-231 and less metastatic MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells could be at least partly involved with their differential responsiveness to fluid shear stimulatory cues. Our study provides new data in regard to potential crosstalk between fluid shear and metastatic potential in mediating breast cancer cell migration.
Different Signatures of High Cardiorespiratory Capacity Revealed With Metabolomic Profiling in Elite Athletes
Authors: Monnerat Gustavo , Sánchez Carlos A.R. , Santos Caleb G.M. , Paulucio Dailson , Velasque Rodolfo , Evaristo Geisa P.C. , Evaristo Joseph A.M. , Nogueira Fabio C.S. , Domont Gilberto B. , Serrato Mauricio , Lima Antonio S. , Bishop David , Campos de Carvalho Antonio C. , Pompeu Fernando A.M.S.
Published: April 2020

Purpose: High cardiorespiratory capacity is a key determinant of human performance and life expectancy; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The objective of this pilot study was to investigate biochemical signatures of endurance-performance athletes using high-resolution nontargeted metabolomics. Methods: Elite long-distance runners with similar training and anthropometrical records were studied. After athletes’ maximal oxygen consumption () was measured, they were divided into 2 groups: low (<65 mL·kg−1·min−1, n = 7) and high (>75 mL·kg−1·min−1, n = 7). Plasma was collected under basal conditions after 12 hours of fasting and after a maximal exercise test (nonfasted) and analyzed by high-resolution LC–MS. Multivariate and univariate statistics were applied. Results: A total of 167 compounds were putatively identified with an LC–MS-based metabolomics pipeline. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis showed a clear separation between groups. Significant variations in metabolites highlighted group differences in diverse metabolic pathways, including lipids, vitamins, amino acids, purine, histidine, xenobiotics, and others, either under basal condition or after the maximal exercise test. Conclusions: Taken together, the metabolic alterations revealed in the study affect cellular energy use and availability, oxidative stress management, muscle damage, central nervous system signaling metabolites, nutrients, and compound bioavailability, providing new insights into metabolic alterations associated with exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness levels in trained athletes.
Effects of Caffeine Ingestion on Physical Performance in Elite Women Handball Players: A Randomized, Controlled Study
Authors: Muñoz Alejandro , López-Samanes Álvaro , Pérez-López Alberto , Aguilar-Navarro Millán , Moreno-Heredero Berta , Rivilla-García Jesús , González-Frutos Pablo , Pino-Ortega José , Morencos Esther , Del Coso Juan
Published: April 2020

Purpose: To investigate the effects of acute caffeine (CAFF) intake on physical performance in elite women handball players. Methods: A total of 15 elite women handball players participated in a randomized, double-blind study. In 2 different trials, participants ingested either a placebo (cellulose) or 3 mg of CAFF per kilogram of body mass (mg/kg bm) before undergoing a battery of neuromuscular tests consisting of handball throws, an isometric handgrip strength test, a countermovement jump, a 30-m sprint test (SV) and a modified version of the agility T test. Then, participants performed a simulated handball game (2 × 20 min), and movement patterns were recorded with a local positioning system. Results: Compared with the placebo, CAFF increased ball velocity in all ball throws (P = .021–.044; effect size [ES] = 0.39–0.49), strength in isometric handgrip strength test (350.8 [41.2] vs 361.6 [46.1] N, P = .034; ES = 0.35), and countermovement-jump height (28.5 [5.5] vs 29.8 [5.5] cm; P = .006; ES = 0.22). In addition, CAFF decreased running time in the SV (4.9 [0.2] vs 4.8 [0.3] s; P = .042; ES = −0.34). In the simulated game, CAFF increased the frequency of accelerations (18.1 [1.2] vs 18.8 [1.0] number/min; P = .044; ES = 0.54), decelerations (18.0 [1.2] vs 18.7 [1.0] number/min; P = .032; ES = 0.56), and body impacts (20 [8] vs 22 [10] impacts/min; P = .032; ES = 0.30). However, postexercise surveys about self-reported feelings of performance indicate that players did not feel increased performance with CAFF. Conclusion: Preexercise ingestion of 3 mg/kg bm of CAFF improved ball-throwing velocity, jump, and sprint performance and the frequency of in-game accelerations and decelerations in elite women handball players.
Comparisons of Knee Extensor Functional Demand During Gait by Age, Physical Activity Level, and the Impact of Acute Exercise and Walking Speed
Authors: Hafer Jocelyn F. , Boyer Katherine A.
Published: April 2020

The link between age-related changes in muscle strength and gait is unclear. We tested if knee extensor functional demand differs by age and physical activity status and if functional demand increases with walking speed or after exercise. Gait and knee extensor muscle torque were collected from young adults and highly and less active older adults before and after treadmill walking. Functional demand was the ratio of knee moments during gait to knee extensor muscle torques estimated from participant-specific torque–velocity curves. Functional demand at the peak knee flexion moment was greater in less active older adults than young adults (29.3% [14.3%] vs 24.6% [12.1%]) and increased with walking speed (32.0% [13.9%] vs 22.8% [10.4%]). Functional demand at both knee extension moments increased ∼2% to 3% after exercise. The low functional demand found in this study suggests that healthy adults maintain a reserve of knee extensor strength.
Standing Balance Performance and Knee Extensors’ Strength in Diabetic Patients with Neuropathy
Authors: Younesian Hananeh , Farahpour Nader , Mazde Mehrdokht , Simoneau Martin , Turcot Katia
Published: April 2020

Diabetes peripheral neuropathy (DPN) leads to balance impairment among diabetes mellitus (DM). The aims of this study were to (1) distinguish between DM patients who have/do not have DPN and to (2) compare quadriceps’ strength and balance performance of DM, DPN, and healthy groups. Fifteen healthy females and 33 females with type 2 diabetic patients participated. The electrodiagnostic method was used to classify diabetic patients into DM and DPN. A dynamometer was used to measure quadriceps’ strength. Single-leg standing on a force plate was also used to quantify participants’ balance. Smaller conduction velocity and amplitude and greater distal latency of all nerves were observed in the DPN compared with the DM in particular for sensory nerve. In DPN, conduction velocity was asymmetrical. The quadriceps’ strength of both legs in DPN and the right leg in DM was smaller than in the control group. The root mean square of the center of pressure was similar between DM and DPN. But it was larger in DPN than in the control group. DPN is associated with asymmetrical conduction velocity, smaller quadriceps’ strength, and weaker balance performance that is suggestive of higher risk of falling. Balance training is recommended for the DPN group during their rehabilitation to reduce their falling risk.
Relationship Between Physical Activity, Depressive Symptoms and Low Back Pain Related Disability in Older Adults With Low Back Pain: A Cross-Sectional Mediation Analysis
Authors: de Jesus-Moraleida Fabianna R. , Ferreira Paulo H. , Silva Juscelio P. , Andrade André G.P. , Dias Rosangela C. , Dias João Marcos D. , Assis Marcella G. , Pereira Leani S.M.
Published: April 2020

Low back pain (LBP) can be less disabling in those who are physically active. This study analyzed the association between physical activity (PA)- and LBP-related disability in older people with LBP, exploring if this association was mediated by depressive symptoms. The authors analyzed the relationship between PA levels and disability using the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire, respectively, collected at baseline from the Brazilian Back Complaints in the Elders study. The authors investigated depressive symptoms as a mediator of this association using the Center of Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. PA was inversely associated with disability. This association was smaller when considering the indirect effect through depressive symptoms. Thus, depressive symptoms partially mediated the association between PA and disability in older adults with LBP, and higher levels of PA were associated with less depressive symptoms and disability.
Different Perceptions of Parents and Children on Factors Influencing Sport Specialization
Authors: Hernandez Mayrena I. , Biese Kevin M. , Schaefer Dan A. , Post Eric G. , Bell David R. , Brooks M. Alison
Published: April 2020

Context: Sport specialization among youth athletes has been associated with increased risk of overuse injuries. Previous research demonstrates that children perceive specialization to be beneficial in making their high school team and receiving athletic college scholarships. Previous research demonstrates that parents play a significant role in their child’s sport experience. However, it is unknown if parents and children answer questions related to specialization factors in a similar manner. Objective: To evaluate the beliefs of youth athletes and parents on factors related to sport specialization and evaluate the level of agreement between dyads on sports specialization. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Online and paper surveys. Patients or Other Participants: Aim 1: 1998 participants (993 children and 1005 parents). Aim 2: 77 paired parent–child dyads. Interventions: Self-administered survey. Main Outcome Measures: The responses were summarized via frequency and proportions (%). Chi-squares were calculated between parent and child responses. Kappa coefficients were calculated for dyads to determine level of agreement. Sport specialization was classified using a common 3-point scale. Results: The parents were more concerned about risk of injury in sports compared with children (P < .001, χ2 = 231.4; parent: extremely: 7.1%; child: extremely: 3.7%). However, children were more likely to believe that specialization was associated with their chances of obtaining an athletic college scholarship compared with parents (P < .001, χ2 = 201.6; parent: very/extremely likely: 13.7%; child: very/extremely likely: 15.8%). Dyad subanalysis indicated a moderate level of agreement for “quitting other sports to focus on one sport” (κ = .50) and a low level of agreement for “identifying a primary sport” (κ = .30) and “training >8 months per year in primary sport” (κ = .32). Conclusions: Parents and youth athletes had differing beliefs on the factors related to sport specialization. Dyad analysis shows that parents and children answer sport specialization classification questions differently. Health care providers should be aware of these differences, and messaging should be individualized to the audience.
The Effectiveness of Frequency-Based Resistance Training Protocols on Muscular Performance and Hypertrophy in Trained Males: A Critically Appraised Topic
Authors: Kessinger Theodore Kent , Melton Bridget , Miyashita Theresa , Ryan Greg
Published: April 2020

Clinical Scenario: Manipulation of exercise variables in resistance training (RT) is an important component in the development of muscular strength, power, and hypertrophy. Currently, most research centers on untrained or recreationally trained subjects. This critically appraised topic focuses on studies that center on the well-trained subject with regard to frequency of training. Clinical Question: In well-trained male subjects, is there an association between RT frequency and the development of muscular strength and hypertrophy? Summary of Key Findings: Four studies met the inclusion criteria and were included for analysis. All studies showed that lower-frequency training could elicit muscular strength and hypertrophy increases. One study suggested that a higher frequency compared with a lower frequency may provide a slight benefit to hypertrophic development. One study reported a greater level of delayed onset muscle soreness with lower frequency training. The 4 studies demonstrate support for the clinical question. Clinical Bottom Line: Current evidence suggests that lower-frequency RT produces equal to greater improvements on muscular strength and hypertrophy in comparison to higher-frequency RT when volume is equated. The evidence is particularly convincing when lower-frequency RT is associated with a total-body training protocol in well-trained male subjects. Strength of Recommendation: There is moderate-to-strong evidence to suggest that lower-frequency RT, when volume is equated, will produce equal to greater improvements on muscular strength and hypertrophy in comparison to higher-frequency RT.