bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The knowledge domain and emerging trends in apple detection based on NIRS: A scientometric analysis with CiteSpace (1989–2021)
Authors: Ma Xueting , Luo Huaping , Liao Jiean , Zhao Jinfei
Published: August 2022

In this paper, 317 literature in the Web of Science (WoS) related to research on apple by near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) were drawn on the knowledge map of the number of literature, the co‐occurrence network of authors and institutions, the co‐occurrence and clustering of keywords based on CiteSpace. And a related analysis was carried out. Combined with the results of visual analysis and related literature, the research hotspots were sorted out and discussed. This paper provides a certain reference for relevant researchers to study in this field and provides a new method for macroscopically grasping the current status of apple quality detection research, which helps new researchers to quickly integrate into this field and obtain more valuable scientific information.
Use of front face fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with multivariate data analysis for monitoring biscuits' quality during aging
Authors: Ghnimi Hayet , Karoui Romdhane , Attia Hamadi , Chénè Christine , Ennouri Monia
Published: August 2022

In this study, the potentiality of front face fluorescence spectroscopy (FFFS) for the evaluation of the quality of biscuits manufactured with butylated hydroxytoluene and pomegranate peel extract during aging was investigated. By using the principal component analysis, vitamin A and tryptophan spectra allowed a clear discrimination between biscuit samples according to the nature of antioxidants, while fluorescent Maillard reaction products spectra showed clear differentiation between samples according to the storage time. Clear differentiation between biscuits according to the used antioxidants and storage time was achieved by using common components and specific weights analysis. Using partial least‐squares regression, excellent prediction of water activity (R2 = 0.95), and L* values (R2 = 0.92), and approximate prediction of hardness (R2 = 0.78), b* values (R2 = 0.74), and moisture content (R2 = 0.74) were shown. However, the FFFS failed to predict a* values, primary and secondary oxidation products (R2 < 0.6).
A conceptual framework to describe and evaluate a socially accountable learning health system: Development and application in a northern, rural, and remote setting
Authors: Wood Brianne , Attema Ghislaine , Ross Brian , Cameron Erin
Published: August 2022

Health care and academic institutions are increasingly committing to social accountability, a strategic shift that requires priorities, activities, and evaluations to be co‐determined with all relevant partners. Consequently, governments, accreditors, funders, and communities are calling for these institutions to communicate their progress towards social accountability. The purpose of this study was to develop a conceptual framework around a socially accountable learning health system. This article presents an integrated analysis of two studies: (i) a narrative review of 11 prominent social accountability and health services conceptual frameworks and (ii) a reflexive thematic analysis of 18 key informant interviews. Using a systematic conceptual framework development and integrated theory of change/realist evaluation methodologies, we describe a synthesis of these findings to develop a conceptual framework for describing and evaluating socially accountable health professional education. The resulting framework describes assessment phases of social accountability, transitions between phases, learning cycles, and the actors and systems that collectively mobilise social accountability at multiple levels in health and education systems. The framework can be used to evaluate interventions or characterise progress towards social accountability in different settings, as illustrated in the example at the end of the paper. The framework emphasises the significance of designing, mobilising, and evaluating social accountability as part of a contextualised learning health system.
Impacts of climate and forest management on suspended sediment source and transport in montane headwater catchments
Authors: Yang Yang , Safeeq Mohammad , Wagenbrenner Joseph W. , Asefaw Berhe Asmeret , Hart Stephen C.
Published: August 2022

Suspended sediment transport in montane headwaters is important to water quality and nutrient balances. However, predictions of sediment source and transport can be difficult, in part, because of a changing climate and increasing frequencies of disturbances. We used observations from 10 headwater streams in water year (WY; starting on 1st October ending on 30th September) 2007–2009 and 2013–2018 to determine the potential impacts of climate and forest management on suspended sediment delivery. We analysed hysteretic responses of suspended sediment for 76 events in five headwater catchments within a snow‐dominated site and another five within a lower‐elevation, rain‐snow transition site, in the mixed‐conifer zone of California's Sierra Nevada. Hysteresis patterns were predominantly clockwise at both sites, suggesting localized sediment sources such as streambeds and banks. The warmer, transition site exhibited a lower proportion of clockwise‐loop events, faster transport speed and higher peak sediment concentrations than the snow‐dominated site. This suggests extended sediment sources and increases in transport can occur as currently snow‐dominated areas become rain‐snow transitional. Over the nine water years, we observed similar hysteresis effects amongst years under drought, near‐average, and extremely wet conditions. Hence, fluctuations in precipitation amounts across years may not influence sediment source area substantially. Furthermore, we compared hysteresis metrics between the control, thin only, burn only and thin combined with burn catchments during the posttreatment period (WY 2013–2018). Hysteresis effects remained unchanged amongst treatments, which may be attributed to the combinations of low‐intensity operations implemented with best management practises combined with a four‐year drought (WY 2013–2016). Taken together, sediment sources in small headwater catchments will probably remain localized with changing precipitation levels and low‐intensity management operations, but it may be extended and potentially lead to higher sediment yields as the main hydrologic input shifts from primarily snow to a mix of rain and snow.
Perfluorooctane sulfonate promotes hepatic lipid accumulation and steatosis in high‐fat diet mice through AMP‐activated protein kinase/acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (AMPK/ACC) pathway
Authors: Ling Junyi , Hua Lu , Qin Yi , Gu Tianye , Jiang Shengyang , Zhao Jianya
Published: August 2022

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a hepatotoxic environmental organic pollutant that can cause aberrant lipid accumulation in the liver. However, the molecular mechanism underlying PFOS‐induced hepatic steatosis remains unclear. Our research showed that subchronic PFOS exposure inhibited AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, leading to increased acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC) activity, attenuated fatty acid β‐oxidation, and consequent liver lipid accumulation. We found that 1 mg/kg/day PFOS exposure significantly aggravated steatosis in high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed mice, along with reduced AMPK activity. Oil Red O results showed that PFOS exposure caused fat accumulation in HepG2 cells. As predicted, PFOS treatment reduced the level of phosphorylated AMPK in a concentration‐dependent manner, leading to subsequent increase in ACC activity and lipid droplet accumulation in HepG2 cells. Treatment with 200‐μM AMPK agonist AICAR alleviated PFOS‐induced ACC activation and lipid accumulation. In summary, our data highlight a crucial role of AMPK/ACC pathway in PFOS‐mediated liver lipid metabolic disorders.
Cytogenotoxicity assessment of 3‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐7,8‐dihydroxycoumarin on HepG2/C3A cells and leukocytes
Authors: Castanha Ana Paula Martins , Almeida‐Terassi Laíza Moura , Guardado‐Yordi Estela , Matos Maria João , Maistro Edson Luis
Published: August 2022

3‐(3,4‐Dihydroxyphenyl)‐7,8‐dihydroxycoumarin is a newly synthesized coumarin derivative with a potent antioxidant effect. The aim of the present study is to investigate the safety of this compound, determining the in vitro cytotoxic and genotoxic in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and in HepG2/C3A cells. Cell viability has been investigated by the trypan blue staining test and MTT assay and the genotoxicity by the comet assay and micronucleus test, using concentrations between 0.01 and 10 μg/ml. The compound proved to be noncytotoxic in both cell lines, at all tested concentrations, protecting the cells from the DNA damage. In addition, this molecule does not show clastogenic/aneugenic effects when performing the micronucleus test with cytokinesis blockade. Based on the obtained data, and the conditions of the experiments, we can conclude that the 3‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐7,8‐dihydroxycoumarin is a safe molecule up to a concentration of 10 μg/ml, which encourages further studies aiming to explore its potential as a drug candidate.
Zoledronate Reduces Height Loss Independently of Vertebral Fracture Occurrence in a Randomized Trial in Osteopenic Older Women
Authors: Reid Ian R , Bastin Sonja , Horne Anne M , Mihov Borislav , Gamble Gregory D , Bolland Mark J
Published: August 2022

Vertebral fractures are associated with height loss, reduced quality of life, and increased mortality and are an important endpoint for osteoporosis trials. However, height loss is associated with quality of life and mortality independent of associations with fracture. We have used data from a recent 6-year trial of zoledronate in 2000 osteopenic women aged >65 years to assess the impact of the semiquantitative and quantitative components of the definition of vertebral fracture on the outcome of that trial, to determine what factors impacted on height loss and to test whether height loss can be used as a surrogate for vertebral fracture incidence. In the trial protocol, an incident vertebral fracture was defined as a change in Genant grade plus both a 20% and 4 mm decrease in a vertebral height. The addition of the quantitative criteria reduced the number of fractures detected but did not change the size of the anti-fracture effect (odds ratios of 0.49 versus 0.45) nor the width of the confidence intervals for the odds ratios. Multivariate analysis of baseline predictors of height change showed that age accelerated height loss (p < 0.0001) and zoledronate reduced it (p = 0.0001). Incident vertebral fracture increased height loss (p = 0.0005) but accounted for only 0.7% of the variance in height change, so fracture could not be reliably inferred from height loss. In women without incident vertebral fractures, height loss was still reduced by zoledronate (height change: zoledronate, −1.23; placebo −1.51 mm/yr, p < 0.0001). This likely indicates that zoledronate prevents a subtle but widespread loss of vertebral body heights not detected by vertebral morphometry. Because height loss is associated with quality of life and mortality independent of associations with fracture, it is possible that zoledronate impacts on these endpoints via its effects on vertebral body integrity. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Distinguishing and overlapping laboratory results of thrombotic microangiopathies in HIV infection: Can scoring systems assist?
Authors: Louw Susan , Jacobson Barry Frank , Mayne Elizabeth Sarah
Published: August 2022

Background

Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection are at risk of thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs) notably thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Overlap between laboratory results exists resulting in diagnostic ambiguity.

Methods

Routine laboratory results of 71 patients with HIV‐associated TTP (HIV‐TTP) and 81 with DIC with concomitant HIV infection (HIV‐DIC) admitted between 2015 and 2021 to academic hospitals in Johannesburg, South Africa were retrospectively reviewed. Both the PLASMIC and the International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) DIC scores were calculated.

Results

Patients with HIV‐TTP had significantly (P < .001) increased schistocytes and features of hemolysis including elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)/upper‐limit‐of‐normal ratio (median of 9 (interquartile range [IQR] 5‐12) vs 3 (IQR 2‐5)) but unexpectedly lower fibrinogen (median 2.8 (IQR 2.2‐3.4) vs 4 g/L (IQR 2.5‐9.2)) and higher D‐dimer (median 4.8 (IQR 2.4‐8.1) vs 3.6 g/L (IQR 1.7‐6.2)) levels vs the HIV‐DIC cohort. Patients with HIV‐DIC were more immunocompromised with frequent secondary infections, higher platelet and hemoglobin levels, more deranged coagulation parameters and less hemolysis. Overlap in scoring systems was however observed.

Conclusion

The laboratory parameter overlap between HIV‐DIC and HIV‐TTP might reflect a shared pathogenesis including endothelial dysfunction and inflammation and further research is required. Fibrinogen in DIC may be elevated as an acute phase reactant and D‐dimers may reflect the extensive hemostatic activation in HIV‐TTP. Inclusion of additional parameters in TMA scoring systems such the LDH/upper‐limit‐of‐normal ratio, schistocytes count and wider access to ADAMTS‐13 testing may enhance diagnostic accuracy and ensure appropriate utilization of plasma.
Automatic detector synchronization for long‐term imaging using confocal light‐sheet microscopy
Authors: Harder Alexander , Nagarajan Bhuvaneswari , Odermatt Benjamin , Kubitscheck Ulrich
Published: August 2022

Light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) is an important tool in developmental biology. In this microscopy technique confocal line detection is often used to improve image contrast. To this end, the image of the illuminating scanned focused laser beam must be mapped onto a line detector. This is not trivial for long‐term observations, since the spatial position of the laser beam and therefore its image on the detector may drift. The problem is aggravated in two‐photon excitation LSFM, since pulsed laser light sources exhibit a lower laser beam pointing stability than continuous wave lasers. Here, we present a procedure for automatic synchronization between the excitation laser and detector, which does not require any additional hardware components and can therefore easily be integrated into existing systems. Since the recorded images are affected by noise, a specific, noise‐tolerant focus metric was developed for calculating the relative displacement, which also allows for autofocusing in the detection direction. Furthermore, we developed an image analysis approach to determine a possible tilt of the excitation laser, which is executed in parallel to the autofocusing and enables the measurement of three solid angles. This allows to automatically correct for the tilting during a measurement. We demonstrated our approach by the observation of the migration of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in two‐day‐old fluorescent Tg(olig2:eGFP) reporter zebrafish larvae over a time span of more than 20 hours.
Modeling the sorption of Ni(II) and Zn(II) by Mn oxide–coated sand: Equilibrium and kinetic approaches
Authors: Padilla Joshua T. , Selim H. Magdi , Gaston Lewis A.
Published: August 2022

The behavior of metal cations in oxide‐dominated systems is controlled by sorption reactions, which in turn depend on pH. Descriptions of such reactions are of interest for contaminant monitoring or remediation efforts; however, widely used isotherms such as Freundlich or Langmuir neglect the effect of pH and are therefore limited in their applicability. Two pH‐dependent isotherms and their kinetic analogs were developed and evaluated regarding their ability to describe equilibrium and time‐dependent sorption of Ni and Zn by Mn oxide–coated sand (MOCS). The sorption of Ni and Zn by MOCS at pH 4.0, 5.5, and 7.0 was investigated using batch equilibration and stirred‐flow techniques. The affinity of MOCS for either metal cation was highly pH dependent, with greater affinity at higher pH. Both isotherms described the batch data well. Flow interruption during stirred‐flow experiments indicated that chemical nonequilibrium existed between solution and sorbed phases of both Ni and Zn and that such nonequilibrium was greater with increasing pH. Both kinetic models provided good descriptions of the solution data from stirred‐flow experiments and correctly captured the effect of pH on chemical nonequilibrium. These models offer simple alternatives to surface complexation approaches and are expected to be easily applied to describe equilibrium and time‐dependent sorption of a wide range of metal cations by variably charged minerals or oxide‐coated media.
The clinical value of hepatojugular reflux on congestive heart failure: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Iwata Hiroyoshi , Miwa Yoshikazu , Ikehara Yumi , Yodoshi Toshifumi , Ueda Shinichiro
Published: August 2022

Background

Hepatojugular reflux is a cardiac physical examination with a long history of use in heart failure diagnosis across many clinical settings. However, the development of new diagnostic methods has thrown the clinical role of hepatojugular reflux into question. Our meta‐analysis aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of hepatojugular reflux and assess its usefulness in diagnosing congestive heart failure among at‐risk patients.

Methods

This meta‐analysis of studies reporting diagnostic hepatojugular reflux values of patients at risk for congestive heart failure followed PRISMA guidelines. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and Google Scholar for eligible studies from inception through February 1, 2021. After QUADAS‐2 quality assessment, we conducted data synthesis using the random effects model and a hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic model. As an additional analysis, we sorted the studies by clinical setting and performed synthesis again. We submitted our protocol to PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews; ID No. CRD42020215004).

Results

The literature search provided 4121 studies for evaluation. Seven studies and their 5195 participants were deemed eligible for synthesis. Clinical diagnosis was the most frequent reference standard. Bivariate random‐effects analysis found hepatojugular reflux sensitivity of 0.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.07–0.19], and specificity of 0.96, 95% CI [0.95–0.97]. The DOR was 29.7, 95% CI [18.4–45.3]. The additional analysis of the emergency settings provided a sensitivity of 0.14, 95% CI [0.12–0.17] and specificity of 0.95, 95% CI [0.93–0.96].

Conclusions

Our meta‐analysis suggests that hepatojugular reflux has practical value for diagnosis of congestive heart failure with high specificity.
Higher RUNX1 expression levels are associated with worse overall and leukaemia‐free survival in myelodysplastic syndrome patients
Authors: Wang Yu‐Hung , Yao Chi‐Yuan , Lin Chien‐Chin , Chen Chi‐Ling , Hsu Chia‐Lang , Tsai Cheng‐Hong , Hou Hsin‐An , Chou Wen‐Chien , Tien Hwei‐Fang
Published: August 2022

RUNX1 mutations are frequently detected in various myeloid neoplasms and implicate unfavourable clinical outcomes in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). On the other hand, high expression of RUNX1 is also correlated with poor prognosis in AML patients. However, the clinical relevancy of RUNX1 expression in MDS patients remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic and biologic impacts of RUNX1 expression in MDS patients. We recruited 341 MDS patients who had sufficient bone marrow samples for next‐generation sequencing. Higher RUNX1 expression occurred more frequently in the patients with Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS‐R) higher‐risk MDS than the lower‐risk group. It was closely associated with poor‐risk cytogenetics and mutations in ASXL1, NPM1, RUNX1, SRSF2, STAG2, TET2 and TP53. Furthermore, patients with higher RUNX1 expression had significantly shorter leukaemia‐free survival (LFS) and overall survival (OS) than those with lower expression. Subgroups analysis revealed that higher‐RUNX1 group consistently had shorter LFS and OS than the lower‐RUNX1 group, no matter RUNX1 was mutated or not. The same findings were observed in IPSS‐R subgroups. In multivariable analysis, higher RUNX1 expression appeared as an independent adverse risk factor for survival. The prognostic significance of RUNX1 expression was validated in two external public cohorts, GSE 114922 and GSE15061. In summary, we present the characteristics and prognosis of MDS patients with various RUNX1 expressions and propose that RUNX1 expression complement RUNX1 mutation in MDS prognostication, wherein patients with wild RUNX1 but high expression may need more proactive treatment.
An assessment of perioperative outcomes for open, laparoscopic, and robot‐assisted pancreaticoduodenectomy in New York State
Authors: Wach Michael M. , Myneni Ajay A. , Miller Lorin , Boccardo Joseph , Ibrahim‐Zada Irada , Schwaitzberg Steven S. , Noyes Katia , Gajdos Csaba
Published: August 2022

Background

Minimally invasive techniques for pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) are increasing in practice, however, data remains limited regarding perioperative outcomes. Our study sought to compare patients undergoing open pancreaticoduodenectomy (OPD) with those undergoing laparoscopic (LPD) or robot‐assisted pancreaticoduodenectomy (RPD).

Methods

Patients who underwent PD during 2016–2018 were identified from the New York State Planning and Research Cooperative System database.

Results

Of the 1954 patients identified, 1708 (87.4%) underwent OPD, 165 (8.4%) underwent LPD, and 81 (4.2%) underwent RPD. The majority of patients were White (63.8%), males (53.3%) with a mean age of 65.4 years. RPD patients had a lower median Charlson Comorbidity Index (2) than OPD (3) or LPD (3, p = 0.01) and had a lower 30‐day rate of complications (35.8% vs. 48.3% vs. 43.6% respectively, p = 0.05). After propensity‐score matching, however, there were no differences between the groups regarding overall complications, surgical site infections, anastomotic leaks, or mortality (p = NS for all). OPD demonstrated a longer length of stay (median 8 days) compared to LPD (7 days) or RPD (7 days, p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Patients undergoing LPD and RPD have a shorter length of hospital stay compared to OPD and there was no difference in overall morbidity or mortality when matched to similar patients.
Comparative analysis of trilobal capillary‐channeled polymer fiber columns with superficially porous and monolithic phases toward reversed‐phase protein separations
Authors: Billotto Lacey S. , Marcus R. Kenneth
Published: August 2022

A trilobal capillary‐channeled polymer fiber stationary phase is evaluated for its performance for intact protein separations under reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography conditions. The separation quality, operational characteristics, and protein dynamic loading capacity on the fiber phases are compared to commercially‐available superficially porous and monolithic columns. The trilobal or “y‐shaped” polypropylene fiber phase was employed to separate a synthetic mixture of five proteins (having diverse chemistries and molecular weights). The separation quality was evaluated based on the resolution, peak heights/recoveries, peak widths, and peak areas. The present work illustrates the unique ability to operate at higher linear velocities (47.5 mm/s) while maintaining lower back pressures (∼4 MPa), faster separation times (<8 min), and faster gradient rates using the fiber columns while yielding comparable chromatographic performance to the commercial columns. The separations employing the commercial stationary phases operate at lower linear velocities (∼3.0 mm/s), higher back pressures (∼9 MPa), require longer separation times (10 min), and require slightly higher compositions of organic mobile phase to effect protein elution. Likewise, based on breakthrough loading analysis of lysozyme and bovine serum albumin, the trilobal, polypropylene C‐CP fiber column stationary phases demonstrate 3–9X greater binding capacities on a bed volume basis versus the commercial columns.
Upper lip tie: A novel classification scale with improved inter‐rater reliability
Authors: So Raymond J. , Jenks Carolyn , Ryan Marisa A. , Tunkel David E. , McKenna Benoit Margo K. , Walsh Jonathan M.
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Upper lip tie (ULT) is a clinical condition with restrictive attachment of the superior labial frenulum (SLF), which may inhibit flanging of the lips. Objective outcome studies are lacking in part due to unreliable classification systems that rely solely upon a single attachment parameter of the SLF. This study's objectives are to describe a novel 3‐point classification system for ULT and compare its inter‐rater reliability to the Kotlow and Stanford systems.

Methods

Five raters used the Kotlow and Stanford systems, as well as our novel 3‐point scale to score images of the SLF from 20 newborns seen at our institution between September 1, 2017 and April 1, 2018. Newborn birth weight, gestational age, and demographic data were collected from the infant's medical record. Fleiss's kappa was used to calculate inter‐rater reliability for all classification systems.

Results

The parameters for our novel 3‐point classification system for ULT were as follows: length from alveolar edge to frenulum gingival attachment, length of frenulum on stretch, and free‐lip to total‐lip length ratio. Our novel scale yielded the highest inter‐rater reliability of 0.41, compared to 0.24 and 0.25 under the Kotlow and Stanford systems.

Conclusion

While the Kotlow and Stanford systems are based upon a single anatomical parameter, our novel 3‐point classification scale uses three oral parameters that encompass anatomical points of attachment as well as the maximal length of the ULT on stretch. Our classification scheme is the first to incorporate a functional parameter of the SLF, and thereby more fully characterizes ULT.

Level of Evidence: Level 4.
Epoxy‐Modified Pyrophyllite as a Multifunctional Chain Extender for Poly(latic acid)
Authors: Dai Zhixi , Li Juan , Huang Shaowen , Li Bo , Zou Xiaoyu , Wu Liangxi , He Min
Published: August 2022

Pyrophyllite (Prl), an aluminosilicate with a balanced mineral structure and extremely small particle size, appears to be an ideal filler but is rarely used in polymers. Herein, a method for the application of pyrophyllite in polymers is reported. A multifunctional filler is prepared by epoxy‐modified pyrophyllite and incorporated into poly(latic acid) (PLA) to enhance its processability and crystallization properties. Results show the effectiveness of epoxy‐modified Prl in composite film with a significant reduction in glass transition temperature, and noteworthy increment in crystallinity and spherulite growth rate. Water vapor barrier properties of PLA composite films increase over 30% with a range of Prl Loading. Furthermore, an enhancement of the tensile strength is increased by 30% and strain at break by 337.1% for PLA composite films compared to neat PLA. This work provides a new idea to prepare the functionalized pyrophyllite fillers and a theoretical basis to develop the application of pyrophyllite for polymers.
Understanding the origin and evolution of affinity as a multidisciplinary concept: A conceptual approach to consumer affinity
Authors: Serrano‐Arcos M. Mar , Sánchez‐Fernández Raquel , Pérez‐Mesa Juan Carlos , Riefler Petra
Published: August 2022

The use of the term affinity has been gradually spreading in several disciplines from multiple viewpoints. Among all these approaches, the concept of consumer affinity, which explains how consumers' positive dispositions toward a particular foreign country affect their purchase decisions of products from that origin, has recently emerged in the marketing discipline. In addition to the scarcity of theoretical and empirical studies on this concept, the marketing literature lacks a systematic review detailing the origin, evolution, and relevance of this notion and the remaining gaps to be investigated in this field. This study aims to examine the complex nature of consumer affinity and the difficulties that arise in its analysis at a conceptual and methodological level to examine its nature, characteristics, dimensionality, and relationship with other variables. To this end, through a systematic review using the PRISMA protocol, this study provides an integrated framework of the existing literature, analyzing the etymological origin and conceptual foundations of consumer affinity, its publication trajectory, and the main contributions to its study. Finally, this paper provides a roadmap for future research based on the convergences, inconsistencies, and knowledge gaps identified in the literature.
Comparison of Ultrasound and Electrical Stimulation Guidance for Onabotulinum Toxin‐A Injections: A Randomized Crossover Study
Authors: Lungu Codrin , Nmashie Alexandra , George Mary Catherine , Karp Barbara I. , Alter Katharine , Shin Susan , Tse Winona , Frucht Steven J. , Wu Tianxia , Koo Vivian , Considine Elaine , Norato Gina , Hallett Mark , Simpson David M.
Published: August 2022

Background

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection is an established therapy for limb spasticity and focal limb dystonia. Comparative benefits of injection guidance procedures have not been rigorously studied.

Objectives

We compared 2 targeting techniques for onabotulinumtoxin‐A (onabotA) injection for the treatment of focal hand dystonia and upper limb spasticity: electrophysiologic guidance using electrical stimulation (E‐stim) and ultrasound (US).

Methods

This was a 2‐center, randomized, crossover, assessor‐blinded trial. Participants with focal hand dystonia or upper limb spasticity, on stable onabotA therapy for at least 2 previous injection cycles, were randomly assigned to either E‐stim or US with crossover at 3 months. The primary outcome was improvement in dystonia or spasticity severity on a visual analog scale (VAS; 0–100) measured 1 month after each injection. The secondary outcome was participant discomfort assessed on a VAS. Repeated‐measures analysis of covariance was used with linear mixed‐model covariate selection.

Results

A total of 19 participants (13 men) completed the study, 10 with upper limb spasticity and 9 with dystonia. Benefit was equivalent between the 2 techniques (VAS least‐square mean [LSmean] 51.5 mm with US and 53.1 with E‐stim). E‐stim was perceived as more uncomfortable by participants (VAS LSmean 34.5 vs. 19.9 for E‐stim and US, respectively). Procedure duration was similar with the 2 procedures. There were no serious adverse events related to either approach.

Conclusions

US and E‐Stim localization guidance techniques provide equivalent efficacy in onabotA injections for spasticity and dystonia. US guidance injections are more comfortable for participants. Both techniques are effective guidance methods, with US potentially preferable based on participant comfort.
Study: Value‐based model in Medicare causes little change in MH spending
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: August 2022

Results of a new study suggest that the accountable care organization (ACO) model of care that has grown substantially in the Medicare program since the adoption of the Affordable Care Act has not dramatically altered the provision of mental health services for patients with serious mental illness (SMI). The small savings in total health care spending that the study found in its examination of data for the SMI population is attributed mainly to savings in spending for chronic medical conditions.
Trevor Project explores MH of multiracial LGBTQ youth
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: August 2022

Nearly 50% of multiracial LGBTQ youth reported seriously considering suicide in the past year, compared with 45% of all LGBTQ youth, according to a new report released this month by The Trevor Project. The new report is considered the first of its kind to exclusively explore the mental health and well‐being of LGBTQ youth and highlight the unique mental health experiences among youth of different racial backgrounds, officials stated.
Valid inequalities and facets for multi‐module survivable network design problem
Authors: Luo Haochen , Kianfar Kiavash
Published: August 2022

Capacitated survivable network design (SND), that is, designing a network that can survive edge failures with minimum flow‐routing plus capacity‐installation cost, is a fundamental problem in network science and its applications. In this article, we study a highly applicable form of the SND, referred to as the multi‐module SND (MM‐SND), in which transmission capacities on edges can be sum of integer multiples of differently sized capacity modules. We formulate MM‐SND as mixed integer programs, where existing structures of the network (p‐cycles) are used to protect edge failures. We derive valid inequalities for MM‐SND through polyhedral analysis and show that the valid inequalities previously developed in the literature for the single‐module SND are special cases of these inequalities. Furthermore, we show that these inequalities define facets for the convex hull of MM‐SND in many cases. Our computational results show that these inequalities are very effective in solving MM‐SND problem instances.
Collaboration between nurses and doctors in the decision‐making process when considering ending the life‐prolonging treatment of intensive care patients
Authors: Gjessing Kristine , Steindal Simen A. , Kvande Monica Evelyn
Published: August 2022

Aims

The aim of the study was to explore intensive care nurses’ collaboration with doctors’ when considering ending the life‐prolonging treatment of patients in the intensive care unit.

Design

A qualitative method with an explorative descriptive design was employed.

Methods

Data were collected through semi‐structured interviews with four intensive care nurses and four doctors working in three intensive care units at two university hospitals and one local hospital. The data were analysed using systematic text condensation. This study was reported according to the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research checklist.

Results

Two categories were identified in the data analysis: listening to each other during the decision‐making process and continuity and having time to facilitate regular discussions of prognosis and treatment plans.
The delivery of Cultural Ecosystem Services in urban forests of different landscape features and land use contexts
Authors: Wang Yuan , Niemelä Jari , Kotze D. Johan
Published: August 2022

Urban greenspace provides citizens with important cultural ecosystem services (CES). Identifying landscape features and land use contexts that facilitate CES delivery is critical for guiding urban greenspace management. However, how landscape features and urban context interact with each other in influencing the CES of greenspaces remains unclear. Studies on the CES of patchy urban forests are needed as they are essential urban CES providers, but vulnerable under urban land use pressure.

To address these concerns, we compared the CES of 20 urban forest patches in Helsinki, Finland, with five different combinations of landscape features (i.e. size and connectivity) and land use contexts (i.e. surrounding construction density). CES were assessed through an on‐site survey on visitors' use, perceptions of CES experience and overall satisfaction, to capture the possible disparities among CES measurements.

In larger (>20 ha) forests, visitors were highly satisfied with CES, particularly appreciating the experience of physical health improvement and inspiration through longer and more intense physical uses. Visitors of urban forests in a low construction density context appreciated experiences of cultural heritage, psychological restoration and physical health improvement.

Urban forests deliver unique CES characterised by physical use and the benefit of restoration, aesthetics and contact with nature. We suggest that maintaining large urban forests is more effective in promoting CES in high‐density areas. In low‐density areas, maintaining small forests with open greenspace in the surroundings can also promote CES experiences. We identify management gaps caused by a mismatch between use intensity and CES experiences of urban forests, while both are important in determining people's overall satisfaction.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Navigating prognostic communication when children with poor‐prognosis cancer experience prolonged disease stability
Authors: Porter Amy S. , Chow Emma , Woods Cameka , Lemmon Monica E. , Baker Justin N. , Mack Jennifer W. , Kaye Erica C.
Published: August 2022

Background

Most pediatric patients and families want clear prognostic information across the illness course. Yet when children with poor‐prognosis cancer experience prolonged disease stability, uncertainty can make communication particularly challenging. In this study, we aimed to (i) assess how frequently oncologists communicate about prognosis when high‐risk cancer does not progress, and (ii) describe prognostic communication patterns in the context of disease stability.

Patients and methods

In this prospective, longitudinal, mixed‐methods study, we audio‐recorded serial disease re‐evaluation conversations between children with poor‐prognosis cancer, their families, and their primary oncologists. For this secondary analysis, we conducted content analysis across serial conversations among 16 patient–parent–oncologist triads for whom the patient's disease remained stable over the 24‐month study period.

Results

Prognostic communication was absent in >50% of recorded conversations. Overall, it comprised only 4% of dialog time, nearly 90% of which was dialog about prognostic uncertainty; discussion of curability occurred infrequently. Three distinct patterns for prognostic communication emerged: (a) “Don't know” statements, avoiding or deferring prognostication; (b) “Worry” statements, preparing families for possible future disease progression; and (c) relief‐caveat statements, celebrating disease stability while balancing positivity with caution.

Conclusions

Oncologists seldom talked about prognosis with high‐risk patients during periods of disease stability; yet when they did, they used thoughtful and effective strategies to prepare families for possible future disease progression. Further research is needed to better understand if, how, and when patients and families with stable disease who are high risk for future disease progression prefer to receive information about prognosis.
The role of graphene nanoplatelets in the friction reducing process of polymer
Authors: Zhang Liyuan , Dong Conglin , Yuan Chengqing , Bai Xiuqin , Tian Ye
Published: August 2022

Controlling unabridged graphene‐lubricated layers and extending their last times can extend the service life of polymer moving components. The friction reduction behaviors of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) on the tribology performances of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) were studied based on friction experiments. The mechanical properties, coefficient of friction (COF), surface topography, tribo‐layers wear synthetically charactered to analyses the friction reducing processes. The results showed that the GNP presented a limited friction reduction to HDPE, and it could be controlled by the mass contents of GNP, load and speed. The proper content of graphene maintained the effective GNP tribo‐layers for a long time and led to a long duration of friction reduction. Decreasing load or speed weakened the wear processes, which was useful for maintaining the effective GNP tribo‐layers for a long time, and reduced the COF. The knowledge will provide experimental support for improving the self‐lubricating performance and abrasiveness of polymers.
Experimental and numerical investigation on compression after impact behavior of hygrothermal aged CFRP laminates
Authors: Huang Wenchao , Li Changyou , Xie Liyang , Jia Dawei , Chai Bao , Zhang Hongzhuang , Gao Ying
Published: August 2022

In the paper, a detailed experimental and numerical investigation of compression after impact (CAI) behavior of hygrothermal aged T300 985LV carbon/epoxy composites is presented. Rectangular fabric laminates are damaged by low‐velocity impact, and moisture absorption conditioning is carried out. The moisture absorption curves agree with Fick's law, with a moisture equilibrium rate of 0.84% at 1392 h. Then, CAI experiments are carried out on moisture saturated specimens at different temperatures. The effects of hygrothermal environments on CAI strength are obtained with an interpretation of corresponding mechanism. Furthermore, finite element analysis based on hygrothermal mechanics formulation and incremental Newton–Raphson mixed iteration equation is established. The numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental ones, with an accuracy of up to 92%, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the established numerical model. The results show that the CAI strength of 85 RH% hygroscopic saturated laminates is decreased by approximately 12% at 85°C and 17% at 128°C. Additionally, the allowable compression value of 3546 μɛ is obtained for T300 985LV composite laminates, which is useful for applications in civil aircraft design.
Development of eco‐friendly bio‐composite by reinforcing pineapple fruit waste crown fiber to ethylene‐propylene rubber modified polyethylene
Authors: Kumar Jitendra , Maurya Atul Kumar , Gupta Hariome Sharan , Singh Surendra Pal , Sharma Chhaya
Published: August 2022

Current study discovers society's pineapple waste management issue a new approach. The pineapple crown fiber (PACF) has been used as reinforcement into a maleic anhydride (MAH) grafted ethylene‐propylene rubber (EPR) modified low‐density polyethylene (LDPE). The PACF reinforced composites with 10 wt% EPR content showed much better mechanical properties than the tensile and flexural properties demonstrated by the composites consisting of only PACF and LDPE only. The highest tensile strength (~29 MPa) and modulus of elasticity (~851 MPa) were obtained for the composite consisting of 30 wt% of PACF in the base matrix. Similarly, the highest flexural strength (~27 MPa) and modulus (~1814 MPa) were recorded for the same composition. Attenuated total reflection‐infrared spectroscopy confirmed a new bond between PACF and base matrix, establishing good compatibility between PACF and base matrix. The morphological analysis gives an insight of the microstructure and fracture behavior of the composites, which confirms an excellent wetting of the fibers by the base matrix. Thermogravimetry of the composites showed the increment in the PACF content decreased the thermal degradation temperature of the composites. DMA and differential scanning calorimetry demonstrated an increment into the storage modulus and crystallization temperature of all the composites compared to pristine LDPE.
Sustainable recycling technologies for thermoplastic polymers and their composites: A review of the state of the art
Authors: Jagadeesh Praveenkumara , Mavinkere Rangappa Sanjay , Siengchin Suchart , Puttegowda Madhu , Thiagamani Senthil Muthu Kumar , G. Rajeshkumar , Hemath Kumar Mohit , Oladijo Oluseyi Philip , Fiore Vincenzo , Moure Cuadrado Marta María
Published: August 2022

This review article discusses the environmental and economic effects of recycling, as well as sustainable thermoplastic polymer recycling technologies. Several researchers have utilized recycled thermoplastics as matrices in the production of a variety of natural and synthetic‐based composites, which is also the focus of this study. All of the industries (food and packaging, construction and building, transportation, and indoor usage) where recycled thermoplastics have a large market share (food and packaging, construction and building, transportation, and indoor usage) are covered in this review. The desirable properties of thermoplastic polymers, such as corrosion resistance, low density, and user‐friendliness, have caused plastic production to surpass aluminum and other metals in use over the past 60 years. Furthermore, recycling is one of the most important measures available to mitigate these effects and is one of the most dynamic segments of the plastics industry at present. Increased landfilling and incineration of plastics have a negative impact on the ecosystem, and the continued increase in the production of virgin fossil plastic also has a negative impact on the environment. Consequently, this continuous production could lead to the depletion of fossil fuel resources, an increase in environmental emissions during processing, and eventual incineration. Increasing numbers of nations are adopting the circular economy concept in an effort to avoid all of these problems. This concept emphasizes the reuse of products and resources, as well as the recycling of materials according to the waste hierarchy, rather than their cremation or disposal in the environment.
Innovation in fetal surgery: Use of vascular plugs in placental chorioangioma with fetal hydrops
Authors: Sanz Cortes Magdalena , Bechtold Hunter , Qureshi Athar M. , Justino Henri , Espinoza Jimmy , Nassr Ahmed A. , Donepudi Roopali , Castro Eumenia , Furtun Betul Yilmaz , Ayres Nancy , Belfort Michael , Shamshirsaz Alireza
Published: August 2022

Key points

What does this study add?

This study reports a novel approach for in utero treatment of chorioangiomas using a needle‐based ultrasound‐guided procedure to deploy vascular plugs to abolish tumoral flow in the placenta.

What is already known?

There is limited experience with in utero treatment of placental chorioangiomas. Different strategies have been proposed with different risks and benefits. Interventions with coils have yielded mixed results but are nonetheless promising, given the simplicity and relative safety of the procedure.
Longitudinal investigation of suicidal ideation and associated factors during pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia chemotherapy
Authors: Raghubar Kimberly P. , Chambers Tiffany , Hill Ryan M. , Taylor Olga , Hockenberry Marilyn , Hooke M. Casey , Mitby Pauline , Moore Ida Ki , Brown Austin L. , Scheurer Michael E.
Published: August 2022

Objective

This study describes the prevalence of suicidal ideation (SI) during acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) therapy and investigates the influence of clinical factors and physical symptoms on SI.

Methods

The Children's Depressive Inventory (CDI‐2) was administered to ALL patients (diagnosed 2012–2017) at start of consolidation, delayed intensification (DI), maintenance cycle 1 (MC1), and maintenance cycle 2 (MC2) in a multi‐site study. SI was present if patients endorsed the item “I want to kill myself.” Logistic regression models evaluated associations between SI and sociodemographic factors; depressive symptoms; and below average, average, and above average symptom clusters identified using latent class analysis of pain, nausea, fatigue, and sleep.

Results

Participants (n = 175) were 51% male, 75% high‐/very high‐risk disease, with a median age of 11.2 years at diagnosis (range: 7–18 years). Overall, 14.9% of patients (75% under age 12 years) endorsed SI during treatment, including 4% at start of consolidation, 9% at DI, 8% at MC1, and 4% at MC2. Non‐Hispanic Other patients were 10.9‐times (95% CI: 2.30–53.40) more likely than non‐Hispanic Whites to endorse SI (p = 0.003). The frequency of SI was higher in patients experiencing above average (53.3%) compared to below average (4.1%, p = 0.003) symptoms. Depressive symptoms were consistently associated with SI.

Conclusions

SI during the initial year of childhood ALL was more prevalent in children under the age of 12 years, from ethnic groups not typically associated with increased risk, and who endorsed increased physical and depressive symptoms. Findings highlight the need for improved screening of mental health problems to mitigate symptoms of distress.