bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The `Aql-Naql Theory of Human Symbols and the Making of Cultural Sociology
Authors: Dhaouadi Mahmoud
Published: April 2020

This paper uses both reason (`aql) and Qur’an-based knowledge (naql) to establish my `Aql-Naql Theory of Human Symbols (ANTHS) and explain its relevance to the formulation of cultural sociology. In it, I argue that human individuals are by nature users of human symbols, based upon the following five observations/concepts: (1) the process of the human body’sgrowth and maturation is very slow when compared to that of other living beings; (2) humans have a longer lifespan than many other species; (3) the human race has a dominant role in running this world; (4) humans are distinct due to their use of human symbols (HS), which comprise spoken and written language, thought, religion, knowledge/science, laws, myths, cultural values and norms, and so on; and (5) human identity is made up of two parts, the physical body and human symbols, and is thus fully dualistic. This theory explains that human symbols (4) play a principal role in enabling humanity to occupy the central place in the world (3) as well as in the making of features 1, 2, and 5. The person’s slow bodily growth and maturation are explained by the fact that humanity’s global growth and maturation involve two fronts: those of the body and of human symbols. While the growth and maturation of non-human species is unidimensional (the body), those of their human counterparts are bidimensional (the body and human symbols. The human ability to think and reason (`aql) gives credit to human symbols’ centrality to the human identity. The Qur’an also stresses these symbols’ core importance for human identity. As a classical Islamic method, this essay will show that the use of `aql and naql in the process of knowledge making makes a major contribution to the development of cultural sociology.
The Many-Colored Cloak
Authors: Mufti Malik
Published: April 2020

This articles argues (a) that democratic discourse has already become hegemonic among mainstream Islamist movements in Turkey and the Arab world; (b) that while this development originated in tactical calculations, it constitutes a consequential transformation in Islamist political thought; and (c) that this transformation, in turn, raises critical questions about the interaction of religion and democracy with which contemporary Islamists have not yet grappled adequately but which were anticipated by medieval philosophers such as al-Farabi and Ibn Rushd. The argument is laid out through an analysis (based on textual sources and interviews) of key decisions on electoral participation made by Turkey’s AK Party and the Muslim Brotherhoods in Egypt, Jordan, and Syria. Particular attention is focused on these movements’ gradual embrace of three key democratic principles: pluralism, the people as the source of political authority, and the legitimacy of such procedural mechanisms as multiple parties and regular elections.
The Islamic Ideology of Ali Shari’ati
Authors: Mohamed Yasien
Published: April 2020

It has been thirty years since the Islamic revolution of Iran of 1979, and the name of Imam Khomeini remains alive in the minds of the people as its leader. However, little is known about the contribution of Ali Shari’ati (d. 1977) in awakening the educated youth to realize Islam’s political relevance and to participate in the struggle against the shah’s despotism. The new generation of Iranians know even less about his vision of governance and how it differs from Khomeini’s concept of governance by the ulama. This paper attempts to answer the following questions: Why did Shari’ati appeal to the students and intellectuals? What philosophical and theological elements make up his Islamic ideology, his Islamic sociology, and his concept of struggle (jihad)? How did he manage to blend Shi’ite theology and Marxist dialectical struggle to produce his own brand of Islamic ideology? Is the role of the sociologist to describe or to transform society?
Ummah’s Rights or Human Rights? Universalism, Individualism, and Islamic Ethics in the Twenty-first Century
Authors: Frick Marie-Luisa
Published: April 2020

Against the background of the trend of Islamizing human rights on the one hand, as well as increasing skepticism about the compatibility of Islam and human rights on the other, I intend to analyze the potential of Islamic ethics to meet the requirements for vitalizing the idea of human rights. I will argue that the compatibility of Islam and human rights cannot be determined merely on the basis of comparing the specific content of the Islamic moral code(s) with the rights stipulated in the International Bill of Rights, but by scanning (different conceptions of) Islamic ethics for the two indispensable formal prerequisites of any human rights conception: the principle of universalism (i.e., normative equality) and individualism (i.e., the individual enjoyment of rights). In contrast to many contemporary (political) attempts to reconcile Islam and human rights due to urgent (global) societal needs, this contribution is solely committed to philosophical reasoning. Its guiding questions are “What are the conditions for deriving both universalism and individualism from Islamic ethics?” and “What axiological axioms have to be faded out or reorganized hierarchically in return?”
Ethical Objections to Evolution in Contemporary Muslim Thought
Authors: Jalajel David
Published: April 2020

Muslim creationists often argue that the theory of evolution is inherently unethical, claiming that concepts such as natural selection, survival of the fittest, and differential reproductive success promote behaviors like selfishness, violence, and sex- ual promiscuity. This article explores the distinctions made by classical Islamic theologians between God’s actions and human- ity’s actions and their potential to address ethical objections to evolution. The question is examined with reference to two theological traditions: the Ash`ari and the Salafi. The first one distinguishes between God’s creation of actions and humanity’s acquisition (kasab) of actions. According to this approach, ethical valuation is understood to be an attribute of human volitional action. The second approach, followed by Ibn Taymiyyah, Ibn al-Qayyim, Ibn Abu al-`Izz, and others of the so-called Salafi tradition, distinguishes between God’s existential (kawni) will and legislative (shar`i) will. According to it, ethical valuation is restricted to the domain of what God legislates for His volitional creatures. Although these approaches differ in how they contextualize ethical behavior, both of them place ethical valuation strictly within the context of human volitional action. As a consequence, God’s actions in creation (and therefore what is observed in nature) can neither be taken as a pattern for determining ethical norms nor judged according to the ethical norms appropriate for human beings. The paper concludes that by making these distinctions, classical Islamic theology has the potential to effectively counter ethical objections to evolutionary theory.
Discursive Constructions of the Israel-Hezbollah War
Authors: Lau Ursula , Seedat Mohamed , McRitchie Victoria
Published: April 2020

The media play a contributing influence in exacerbating hostilities between war protagonists. Through particular representations, specific groups are either hailed or vilified; thereby resulting in a “spill-over effect” of negative stereotyping, prejudice, and hostilities among people beyond the physically-designated zones of conflict. The 2006 Israeli-Hezbollah War, fueled by Israel’s history of military aggression in the region and ignited by Hezbollah’s cross-border raid into Israel and the associated capture and killing of Israeli soldiers, received extensive coverage in the South African press and had the effect of polarizing groups in support of a particular side. In this article, we examine a section of the local South African print media—capturing the conflict to reveal the main discourse themes, their hidden ideological positions and their legitimation through specific textual devices. The findings reveal a “discursive war” between news texts representing a favorable stance on Israel and Hezbollah respectively. Through characterizations and intertextual practices, (“right of existence” and “defense against terror” versus “religious resistance” and “Israel as the apartheid state” respectively) that provided legitimation for violence. The ideological effects of such media representations on the ordinary lives of South Africans physically removed from the conflict are considered. In light of the findings, considerations for discursive interventions are proposed in order to promote discourses of peace in the media.
Human Behavior from an Islamic Perspective
Authors: Abdullah Fatimah
Published: April 2020

Western psychology tends to be divisive in dealing with human personality and has been responsible for the nature-versus nurture controversy. On the one hand, it contends that certain corrupt behavior is predetermined by psychological or biological factors from conception—while on the other, it explains behavior as a simplistic series of reinforcements from contingencies and conditioned responses to environmental stimuli. This secular humanistic outlook has produced an ethical relativism that is the current trend in today’s world. This stance is not condemned only by Islam, but also by most religions of the world. This shows that the human nature (fitrah) is still vibrant and dynamic. This article attempts to highlight the importance of the Islamic belief system—which is an integrated and comprehensive way in dealing with human behavior—especially by means of the interaction of nature, nurture, and the spiritual factor in the formation of human behavior.
The Souls of Muslim Folk
Authors: El-Affendi Abdelwahab
Published: April 2020

The current debate on the vices of multiculturalism and the merits of integration, of problematizing cultural difference, appears to miss important lessons from recent history in the treatment of minorities. In this paper, I start by questioning the celebration of Barack Obama’s election as a “breakthrough” for multicultural inclusiveness. I argue that the “Obama phenomenon” highlights the limits of democratic inclusiveness and sheds light on the traumatic experience of African Americans, who have been victimized precisely for seeking to assimilate. European Jews, especially in Germany, could not be accused of any reluctance to integrate either, and their contributions to European culture are legendary. But they also suffered grievously for their pains. Thus when the same xenophobic political trends traditionally hostile to the integration of minorities begin to vociferously demand that Muslims should integrate, this must be seen as a warning that we may be heading toward a very dark phase of race relations in the West.
The Historical and Political Backdrop to Islamic Studies in Kenya
Authors: Bakari Mohamed
Published: April 2020

This paper argues that the lack of serious attempts to incorporate Islamic studies in Kenya’s academic culture can best be understood by looking at the colonial and postcolonial policies toward university education there. The early missionary influence that shaped the nature of the indigenous educational system had a farreaching impact upon creating a culture of resistance among Muslims toward western education. In the postcolonial period, the new governments tried to create a level playing field for all of their citizens, regardless of religious orientation. But the colonial imapct had already left its mark on Muslims in terms of their visibility at the university level. The Kenyan government did not interfere in what academic programs should be prioritized at this level. But because Christians outnumbered Muslims in academia, their influence created a dearth of indigenous university-generated information and knowledge on Muslim institutions and society. This gap was left to foreign researchers to fill. As a result, Kenya has no indigenous Islamic intellectual culture. If this status quo does not change, Kenyan Muslims will remain vulnerable to foreign Islamist influences.
Discovering Doris Lessing
Authors: Hasan Md. Mahmudul
Published: April 2020

The 2007 Nobel literature laureate Doris Lessing (1919-2013) is one of the twentieth century’s most prolific and versatile British writers. Her literary career is marked by the robustness and diversity of her ideas. The plurality of voices in her work makes room for discovering a very different Lessing from how she is usually construed and for discussing some of her views in a new and somewhat unusual light. In this study, I intend to look at her thoughts on education, literature, racism, and women’s rights and locate possible commonalities between them and certain facets of Islamic thought. As she is considered a humanist, a secular writer of great stature, the “grande dame” of British writing of her time, and handlesexplicit sexual relationships, a sense of remoteness and incomprehension is perhaps palpable in any attempt to discover an “Islamic Doris Lessing.” However, given that she is known for her courage and outspokenness, as well as for making unconventional moves and iconoclastic statements sometimes at the expense of her literary reputation, it will be interesting to see her ideas from an Islamic perspective.
Professional Ethics and the Education of Engineers at the International Islamic University Malaysia
Authors: Zein Ibrahim M.
Published: April 2020

This article focuses on professional ethics for engineers and engineering students at the International Islamic University Malaysia(IIUM). Due to the phenomenological interest in the theory of value and its realization within the framework of the professional ethics of engineers in a particular educational institution, this research applies a methodic strategy to address two levels of discourse equally. Thus, the theoretical aspect utilizes the tools of textual strategies and content analysis, whereas the specific case of the IIUM’s engineering faculty serves as a source of my phenomenological reflections on professional ethics for engineers. Despite being based on a limited source of data, some of the phenomenological remarks might be useful for other institutions of higher learning, for the stand on the theory of value used here is for both the values’ universality and relationality to human beings or, more directly, both the universality and rationality of an ethical discourse. Although largely an Islamic interpretation, this article’s main contributions are how to overcome this predicament in ethical sensibility, ward off dismissive gestures, and distinguish between values and their realization in the everyday world. By this process, the human agent discovers, rather than makes, values and comes to understand that ethical sensibility is not about truth and falsehood, but about the person’s degree of realization.
American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences
Authors: Admin OJS
Published: April 2020

Included within the sample
An Early Jesuit Encounter with the Qur’an
Authors: Shore Paul
Published: April 2020

The manuscipt Animadversiones, Notae ac Disputationes in Pestilentem Alcoranum is an almost entirely unknown translation of the Qur'an into baroque Latin completed by the Jesuit priest Ignazio Lomellini in 1622, of which only one copy exists. It is accompanied by extensive commentaries and includes a complete text of the Qur’an in Arabic and numerous marginalia. It is, therefore, one of the earliest complete translations of the Qur’an into a western European language and a crucial document of the encounter between western Christianity and Islam in the early modern period. This essay examines Lomellini’s understanding of Arabic and, specifically, of the cultural and religious underpinnings of Qur’anic Arabic. Special attention is given to his lexical choices. This essay also deals with the document’s intended audience, the resources upon which he drew (including the library of his patron, Cardinal Alessandro Orsini), and the manuscript’s relationship to the Jesuits’ broader literary and missionary efforts. Finally, it asks why scholars, particularly those who study the history of the Jesuits, have ignored this manuscript and its author.
Not Without My Daughter
Authors: Nazari Hossein
Published: April 2020

As far as literary representations of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the West are concerned, according to Farzaneh Milani, Betty Mahmoody’s best-selling Not Without My Daughter (1987) remains “the most popular book ever published in the U.S. about Iran.” Nevertheless, the book’s unprecedented popularity notwithstanding, it has garnered scant critical attention. Hence, as the first major literary analysis of the text, this paper sets out to illustrate how Mahmoody’s “memoir” functions within the paradigm of the well-established literary tradition of American captivity narratives. In so doing, it demonstrates how the text constitutes a site wherein the three subgenres of captivity narratives – as a religious pilgrimage, a propagandistic tract, and a sensational shocker – converge. It also analyzes the conceptualization of captivity as a condition that transcends the boundaries of the spatial and the physical. Furthermore, analysis of the text reveals how the book’s production and reception were conditioned not only by its construction within the parameters of American captivity narratives, but also by what came to be known in the West as the “Iran Hostage Crisis.” Finally, the production and reception of Not Without My Daughter is critiqued as a testament to the protean nature of American captivity narratives and the genre’s malleability, which allow it to be rehashed and reformulated to align with the dominant sociopolitical zeitgeist at the time of production. Twenty years before Sen. John McCain (R-AZ) would sing, “Bomb, bomb, bomb, bomb, bomb Iran,” to the old Beach Boys tune “Barbara Ann,” the idea was proposed in the most popular book ever published in the US about Iran.
Refuge: Rethinking Refugee Policy in a Changing World
Authors: Snedeker Wesley
Published: April 2020

The world is facing a crisis of displaced people more devastating than any it has seen since the Second World War. 65 million people, about 45 million of whom are internally displaced, have been forced to flee from their homes because of disaster and violence. 20 million have crossed an international border to find safety (1). Upon doing so, they become, under the Western world’s definition, refugees.
Book Review: The Speaking Qur'an by Timur Yuskaev
Authors: Correri Nicole
Published: April 2020

No Abstract for Book Review
Sharī‘a Scripts: A Historical Anthropology
Authors: Gingrich Andre
Published: April 2020

While the Yemen seems to be stumbling from one disaster into the next, it is good to see how some of the best experts in Yemeni studies continue their work in ways that will be useful in the country’s future. The present volume is not only bound to become recognized soon as the magnum opus by Brinkley Messick, professor of  anthropology and Middle Eastern, South Asian and African studies at Columbia University and one of the world’s leading experts in Yemeni studies today. More importantly still, Sharī‘a Scripts features all the qualities required for a true academic milestone in Yemen-related scholarship for decades to come, with potential ramifications for the historical and legal anthropology of the Middle East at large. This volume is based on half a lifetime of analytical and comparative studies that began during the author’s first fieldwork period in the central and southern highlands of northern Yemen during the 1970s. Messick meticulously examines the structures of jurisprudence (the “library” in his terms) with the methodologies and techniques of textual scholarship, while relating it to the “archive” of records concerning everyday interactions in legal life as embedded within the practical interplay of fields between orality and scriptural statements.

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Islam without Europe: Traditions of Reform in Eighteenth-Century Islamic Thought
Authors: Lawrence Bruce B.
Published: April 2020

It is hard to exaggerate the scope or scale of this major monograph from one of the foremost Arab Muslim scholars of his generation, Ahmad Dallal, formerly Provost at the American University of Beirut, and now Dean of Georgetown University Qatar.In carefully orchestrated arguments, with massive documentary evidence, Dallal addresses eighteenth century theological/juridical issues across the span of the Muslim world. He touches on intellectual giants and reform movements from Senegal to Syria, from Yemen to India, delving deeply into complex debates that continue to resonate. Islam without Europe catapults Dallal into the company of revisionists who are also global historians, those looking for a way to redefine Islam outside the parameters of European historical conventions.

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Images of the Prophet Muhammad in English Literature
Authors: Parray Tauseef Ahmed
Published: April 2020

‘Literary Orientalism’, a significant and fast-emerging sub-genre, is simply defined as “the study of the (mis)representation of Islam and Muslims in the English (literary) works.” In this field, one of the prominent Muslim writers from India is Abdur Raheem Kidwai (Professor of English, and Director, K.A. Nizami Centre for Quranic Studies, Aligarh Muslim University, India). Some of his previous works in this genre include Orientalism in Lord Byron’s Turkish Tales (1995); The Crescent and the Cross (1997); Stranger than Fiction (2000); Literary Orientalism (2009); Believing and Belonging (2016); and Orientalism in English Literature (2016).

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Mediating Islam and Modernity: Sir Syed, Iqbal, and Azad
Authors: Dar Owais Manzoor
Published: April 2020

The question of Islam’s compatibility with modernity (and other interrelated aspects like democracy, rationality, nationalism, etc.) has been debated for more than two centuries. In the Subcontinent, this debate started with British imperialism (the so-called British Raj, 1857-1947). Scholars like Chirag Ali (d. 1895), Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (d. 1898), Allama Iqbal (d. 1938), Abul Kalam Azad (d. 1958), Shibli Numani (d. 1914), Mumtaz Ali (d. 1974), Syed Mawdudi (d. 1979), Amin Ihsan Islahi (d. 1997), and Abul Hassan Ali Nadwi (d. 1999) offered various critical responses. The debate still manifests in different forms, whether regarding nationalism or secularism, rationality or progressive politics. A plethora of mostly apologetic literature has been produced on the question. A recent addition to this literature is Parray’s Mediating Islam and Modernity.

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Fraud Star Drives to Asset Misappropriation Moderated by Internal Controls
Authors: Siahaan Magda , Umar Haryono , Purba Rahima Br.
Published: April 2020

The objective of this study was to obtain empirical evidence in which a fraud star, representing five contributing factors to fraud, influences asset misappropriation and that internal controls moderate the effect of fraud star with respect to asset misappropriation. The study used a descriptive research method with a quantitative approach. The primary data included 49 indicators distributed to 282 employees who were employed in 5 state-owned companies (BUMN) in Indonesia. The data collection was performed by using a purposive sampling method and analytical method of structural equation modeling (SEM), while partial least square (PLS) were used for data analysis. Based on the results, it showed that the causes commonly associated with fraud, namely pressure, opportunity, justification, and capability have a positive effect on asset misappropriation, while integrity and internal controls operate in the opposite way. It has also been found that internal controls do not undermine the influence of pressure, opportunity, justification, and capability with respect to asset misappropriation. Furthermore, it does not strengthen the influence of integrity on asset misappropriation.
Optimum Design of Integrated Switched Capacitor Circuits Using 0.5-μM CMOS Technology
Authors: Al-Jawadi Ahmed S. , Al-Shorbaji Mohammed A. , Hussein Shamil H. , Khalid K.
Published: April 2020

Analytical optimization is used to create an optimized design of integrated switched-capacitor charge pump (CP) circuits. In integrated circuits design, voltage gain, output resistance, output ripple voltage, conversion efficiency, and capacitor sizing based on area constraints and power consumption are required for manufacturing. In this paper, an analytical optimization is performed and applied to conventional and bootstrapped techniques for fifth stages switched-capacitor charge pump circuits in order to optimize the parameter values. These circuits result in the appropriate function formulations that result in low power, minimum charge, and minimal area of the silicon chip. This paper describes an optimization method based on the improvement of these parameters that requires a trade-off between the above variables of the bootstrapped technique. The simulated circuits are designed in 0.5-μm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology with 2 V devices. All of the integrated switched-capacitor circuits were designed with the same specification, which include 10 pF stage capacitance, 2 V supply voltage, clock frequency of 50 MHz and identical sizes of charge transfer switches (transistors). The bootstrapped
technique that was implemented for all of the CPs' circuits has good efficiency of about (68.5 %), compared with (53 %) for conventional CPs' circuits.
Using Guar Gum as a Co-friendly Inhibitor to Control Corrosion in Containers in Basrah Refinery
Authors: Al-Asadi Akram A. , Abdullah Abdulrazzaq S. , Almalike Layla Balasem
Published: April 2020

Corrosion is responsible for numerous damages mainly in the industrial scope. The best way to fight this damage is prevention. A corrosion inhibitor is one of the most well-known and useful methods to avoid or mitigate destruction/degradation on the surface of metals. Low cost, environmental friendliness and non-toxicity are some of the best features in the guar gum inhibitor used in this research. The study shows that the potential of the metal is shifted positively when the inhibitor concentration is increased. Low current density was also observed due to the increase in the inhibitor concentration. Therefore, a low corrosion rate means low current density and more positive potential of the metal. Different concentrations of the inhibitor are used and the optimum concentration that showed a low corrosion rate is 2.5 g/L. The efficiency of the optimum concentration is 65%. The result states that the guar gum is absorbed on the surface of the metal and gives an unchanging chelate five-membered-ring with ferrous cation Fe+2.
Local Tourism Development and Socio-Economic Change in Belitung
Authors: Hidayat Rakhmat , Anduarima Agista , Wesnina  , Budiaman  , Possumah Bayu Taufiq
Published: April 2020

This study aims to describe the implications of socio-economic change caused by tourism development and to explore the relationship between society and tourism from a sociological perspective. By using a qualitative approach with a case study research design, this study analyses data that was obtained through observation, documentation, and interviews. The participants involved were the local community living in Keciput village, the Keciput village staff members, the Tanjung Kelayang Beach tourism manager, and the Belitung Regency tourism office staff members. The study found that the tourism development of Keciput village had caused changes in the social and economic life of the local communities. In terms of social life, the emergence of tourism development had caused interactions to decrease. Previously, when the interactions among the people were still very intense, the economy of the community was also on the rise. However, ever since the tourism development took place, it has changed the people’s type of livelihood: where previously they had worked as fishermen, they are now working as transport services fishermen. The economic value of tourist activities is also classified into a higher category because the yield from the marine sources is very dependent on the season.
Enhancing Privacy and Improving Security in Scalable Blockchain
Authors: Mhana Ammar , Mohammed Ghassan N. , Jabor Fadhel K.
Published: April 2020

Bitcoin is a decentralized blockchain-based cryptocurrency that has taken the world by storm. Since its introduction in 2009, it has grown tremendously in terms of popularity and market cap. The idea of having a decentralized public ledger while maintaining anonymity and security attracted the attention of developers and customers alike. Special nodes in the bitcoin network, called miners, are responsible for making the network secure by using a concept called proof-of-work. A certain degree of anonymity is also maintained as no personally identifiable information of a person, like name, address, etc., is linked to the bitcoin wallet. In terms of bitcoin, a user is anonymous if different interactions of the user cannot be linked to each other or the user. Recent research shows that bitcoin is not as anonymous as it appears to be. The inherently public nature of blockchain technology makes it difficult to achieve privacy. The purpose of this paper is to review how varying degrees of user privacy is maintained in bitcoin cryptocurrency. This paper is divided into two main segments. The first segment explores privacy-enhancing techniques adopted in bitcoin. The second segment critically analyzes these techniques.
Optimum Cost of Transporting Problems with Hexagonal Fuzzy Numbers
Authors: Ashour Marwan Abdul Hameed
Published: April 2020

Transportation problems can be used in managing shipments straightforwardly from the supply point to the demand point. More recently, there has been widespread interest in applying transportation problems to optimize the fuzzy number systems. The ability to distinguish and make use of particular structures is a significant factor in the efficacious application of optimization models. In this paper, fuzzy methods of hexagonal are used to solve transportation problems when the demand and destination are uncertain. The most important findings of this paper are reaching the optimum transportation cost minimization through magnitude hexagonal fuzzy numbers. The results verified that the optimal transport plan of the company succeeded in minimizing the total cost to 1222$. The outcomes of this paper can be optimized by particle swarm optimization as a future trend.
A Review of Impact of Accounting and Management Information Systems on the Performance of Organizations: Empirical study at Iraqi port
Authors: Al-Hashimy Hisham Noori Hussain , Al-Hashimi Haider N. Hussain , Abdulhamed Mohamed Abdulrahman
Published: April 2020

In this study, we discuss the impact of the use of accounting and management information systems on the performance of enterprises. This study was applied in Iraqi ports. The study involved shareholders, program management, knowledge management, internal control, procedures, competition, efficiency, constraints, management and planning. This study plays a major role in the performance of Iraqi ports and the executive authority inside the port and how to do work in the use of accounting and management information systems. For staff working in Iraqi ports, based on the analysis of the results, we found that the use of accounting and management information systems significantly affects the work of the port in Iraq as described in this paper.
Civil Judgment Enforcement Service Quality: The Case Of Tien Giang Province, Vietnam
Authors: Nguyet LL.M. Doan Minh , Vu Nguyen Thanh , Duc Phan Minh , Liem Nguyen Thanh , Dan Phan Van
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this paper is to study some key factors regarding the quality of civil judgment enforcement service in the case of Tien Giang province, Vietnam by structural equation modeling using partial least squares (PLS-SEM). This study has involved qualitative and quantitative research. Qualitative research was carried out focusing group discussions with at least 10 leaders in the judicial field, and quantitative research was conducted through direct interviews with 400 respondents including survey civil judgment enforcement officials, judgment execution prosecutors, lawyers, representatives of organizations and civil judgment enforced people in Tien Giang province, Vietnam. The results show that the socioeconomic conditions, legal system, quality of applied decision, human factors, educational level and awareness of law compliance affect the quality of civil judgment enforcement service. However, this study has certain limitations: (i) due to limited resources in conducting research, the sample size consisted of 400 respondents, (ii) the sampling technique included direct interview methods from respondents.
Estimation of Abrasive Wear of Brass Alloy Impeller
Authors: Saleh Khalid Abbas , Ismael Qays Hazim , Fathi Mohammed Shaalan Abed
Published: April 2020

Abrasive wear is an engineering problem that occurs in the impeller of centrifugal water pumps. The weight loss in the impeller due to abrasive wear leads to a reduction in the efficiency of pumps. If the wear rate can be estimated, the pump impeller can be replaced at the perfect time. The aim of the present experimental study is to investigate the abrasive wear of brass alloy in sand-water mixture. In this study, a mixture of sand-tap water was used with three mixing ratios (1:40, 1:80 and 1:120) and four different sand particles sizes (0.15 mm, 0.297 mm, 0.6 mm and 1.19 mm). A set of brass alloy impellers was used to estimate the abrasive wear rate when tested at five periods. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the sand particles size and sand-tap water mixture ratios have a direct effect on the wear rate of the impeller and water pump head.
Theoretical and Experimental Study for New Titanium Metal Complexes in Biophysical Applications
Authors: Hasan Ali S. , Akraa Mohammed A. , Abbas Salim J.
Published: April 2020

In this research, new titanium metal complexes were designed and prepared for use in biophysical applications, because titanium is biocompatible (non-toxic and accepted by the body). New models of TiMC were designed and prepared by DFT/B3LYP method with SDD base sets and chemical vapor deposition technology, respectively. Structural, electronic transitions, and surface morphology properties were calculated by Gaussian 09 program package, XRD and SEM. The optimized structures for molecules under study have been found in great concurrence with empirical information. The results showed that these complexes have an electronic transition, UV-Vis spectrum, low band gaps, low chemical potential and are softer, can easily interact with enzymes because the enzymes are big soft molecules. The present study is aimed at investigating the effect of TiMC in Biophysics. Moreover, we used an orbital analysis, counting the 3-D electron density and electrostatic potential surfaces to find out the possible orbital hybridization for molecules, thus determining the biological effectiveness of the molecules under study.
Assessment of Air Pollution over Baghdad City Using Fixed Annual Stations and GIS Techniques
Authors: Mohammed Zainab B. , Kamal Ali Abdul Khaliq , Resheq Ali S. , Alabdraba Waleed M. Sh.
Published: April 2020

Baghdad, considered one of the most polluted and populated cities in Iraq, waschoosen for mapping the distribution of air pollutants and the overall pollution levels by using the ArcGIS techniques. Six of main observation stations werechoosen in a particular location. Then, the recorded data from these stations were spatially interpolated using two types of ArcGIS interpolation techniques. The spatial interpolation techniques used in this work were Inverse distance weighting (IDW) and fuzzy logic. This study includes measuring the main air pollutants, which were nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOx), and nitrogen monoxide (NO) during the period from January 2018 to December 2018. The data recorded by the stations during the work period and the distribution maps of air pollutants, which resulted from spatial interpolation (IDW) method, showed that the concentration of NO2 was within the International limits of World Health Origination (WHO) which is about 0.11 ppm. SO2 concentrations were exceeding the WHO limits in all stations for the study area. The concentrations of CO ranged from 0.484 ppm to 7.027 ppm that were within acceptable limits of WHO standards that is 9 ppm. NOx concentrations ranged between 0.01506 ppm – 0.214 ppm, which were exceeding acceptable limits of WHO standards (0.01 ppm). The concentrations of NO did not exceed the WHO standard limits, which are 0.08 ppm. Finally, the fuzzsy logic method of spatial interpolation in ArcGIS was applied to evaluate the air pollution over Baghdad city.
Optimal Alternatives by Controlling Time and Cost of a Multi-Level Car Park Using Excel-Solver Program
Authors: Hasan Sada Abdalkhaliq
Published: April 2020

In this research the best cost and time are identified to implement a multi-level car park. The aim of this research is to develop a time frame model, including time and cost analysis, and to find optimal alternatives for a multi-level garage project during the planning phase. The proposed model has been developed using Solver program in Excel built for combining cost and time calculations by adopting the Project Management Software (MS-Project) to facilitate optimal solution access. In future the same project can be implemented at the lowest possible cost. This research concluded that it is possible to obtain the optimal solution after analyzing the alternatives using the Solver program and then taking the results of the optimization process to perform the improvement of the timeline. The research highlights the factors such as: the estimated cost, the planned time and the alternatives available for optimum performance aimed at finding optimal solutions and thus enhancing overall performance. The research was applied to the case study of one of the projects implemented within the city and found that the results are consistent with the research objective. According application of the model, the solution shows it will reduce cost and time to about 190292 $ and 91day from the cost and time of actual project.
An Efficient Algorithm for Solving Integro-Differential Equation
Authors: AL-Nasrawy Hassan Hamad , Al-Jubory Abdul Khaleq O. , Hussaina Kasim Abbas
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we study and modify an approximate method as well as a new collocation method, which is based on orthonormal Bernstein polynomials to find approximate solutions of mixed linear delay Fredholm integro-differential-difference equations under the mixed conditions. The main purpose of this paper is to study and develop some approximate methods to solve the mixed linear delay Fredholm integro-differential-difference equations. We employ a new algorithm to find approximate solution via perpendicular Bernstein polynomials on the interval [0,1], and we construct a new matrix of derivatives that will be used to find an approximate solution of matrix equation, that will reduce it to the systems of linear algebraic equations. We study the convergence approximate solutions to the exact solutions. Finally, two examples are given and their results are shown in figures to illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of this method. All the computations are implemented using Math14.
Stability of the Discrete Stage–Structure Prey–Predator Model
Authors: Shalan Rehab Noori , Jawad Shireen R. , Lafta Alaa Hussien
Published: April 2020

This paper discusses the discrete stage–structure prey-predator model involved in the Beddington–DeAngelis type of functional response described by differential equation systems proposed as three-dimensional systems. Furthermore, the predators are divided into two types of populations, namely, mature and immature, along with the prey population. The stability of all possible fixed points is demonstrated by solving our proposed model analytically using the standard lemma and topological properties, which give all possible properties to each fixed point. In the same manner, we identify three fixed points, which are as follows: the origin fixed point, which means there are no species; the axial fixed point, which means the prey population increases logistically with the absence of a predator one (mature and immature populations); and the positive fixed point, which signifies the coexistence of all species. We show that the numerical simulations part is used not only to plot the time series of fixed values, but also, to find and illustrate the theoretical results.
Proposed Algorithm Using Image in Multi Level Text Steganography
Authors: Aldabagh Ghada Mohammad Tahir Kasim
Published: April 2020

The newly emerging technologies enable us to deliver and share the information in the form of multimedia. However, the major issue is security without disturbing the personal data. In such case, steganography can be used as a most suitable technique. Basically steganography is the art and technique of hiding important data which we want to send over a channel or transmission medium. The hiding of information is made with the carrier so the the hacking of data will be difficult. Generally, we have two choices to hide the data, i.e. image or video. For effectual and fortunate embedded process, it is very important to select correct pixel in a video image. These pixels are playing important role in storage of secret information. Here, we are focused on the text based steganography.Generally, there are various types of the steganography viztext, audio, video, image type, protocol type etc. Carrier plays an important role in the steganography. This carrier is also known as the cover. In this present study, we aim to evaluate the carrier on text steganography. We proposed an algorithm which is useful for the multi-level text steganography, which is more advantageous than the standard least significant bit algorithm. Two different tests were used to prove proposed algorithm and checked the time of implementation needed for both algorithm and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio to new image. MATLAB was used to implement algorithm, which was most useful computational language.
Computational Design Optimization: A Combined Darrieus-Savonius Water Turbine Design with a Modified Blade Position on Buckets
Authors: Suhartono  , Irjan
Published: April 2020

The aim of this study was to determine the optimization of a combined Darrieus-Savonius water turbine design with a modified blade position on buckets. To determine the right position of the blade on the buckets, an analysis of the cut plot pressure on the combined turbine was required. The analysis of the cut plot pressure usually uses the embedded analysis in SolidWorks software to improve the combined water turbine design. This research seeks to propose an additional analysis of the cut plot pressure using an image-processing approach. The image processing approach in the analysis of the cut plot pressure was done by clustering image-based segmentation using the Fuzzy C-Means algorithm. The combined water turbine design used the NACA 0018 blade profile and buckets. Modification of the blades’ position on the buckets can improve the turbines’ performance. Three variations of the blades’ position modifications were employed, and three variations of the turbine design were simulated by SolidWorks software to obtain the cut plot pressure, which, in the form of a digital image on each variation, was analyzed using the Fuzzy C-Means algorithm. Variations of the combined water turbine design were analyzed and tested using SolidWorks and MATLAB software. The results of the study indicate that the variations of the blades’ position on the buckets can increase the pressure of the combined water turbine.
Modified Entropy Estimator Using a Haar Matrix to Fit the Weibull Growth Model
Authors: Msallam Basim Shlaibah , Kamar Saifaldin Hashim
Published: April 2020

It is well known that the Generalized Maximum Entropy method can be used to fit linear regression models, especially as they are not restricted by the conditions to be verified as are other classical methods. Therefore, in this paper, a new method for estimating the parameters of the four-parameter Weibull growth model was proposed using the Generalized Maximum Entropy function by fitting data based on the Haar matrix which was used in the wavelet method. The suggested and classical entropy estimators for Weibull growth model parameters were compared using simulation and the preference for the suggested method estimator was shown. The Modified Generalized Maximum Entropy estimator was applied to the real data representing annual Iraqi oil production for the period 2010–2017. Iraqi crude oil production for the year 2022 was predicted and appeared as 4.4 million bb/day.
Performance Evaluation for Face Database
Authors: Alrawi Azmi Tawfek Hussein , Mosslah Abd Abrahim , Alwan Mohammed Gheni
Published: April 2020

The growing interest in the database generated many techniques in this area and the Intelligent Systems Laboratory Where graphical models were used in the theoretical developments of computer vision and reasoning, and their application in various fields. Our proposal provides a database of the face under the circumstances of the real, without knowing the people who are taking pictures of them. The present study focuses on the which recording images and places them in the database through active inference and effective reasoning. We are interested in active reasoning because it manages sensor algorithms and guidance unit until the visual translation process is completed.Thus, this sophisticated capture technique processes each frame whenever a face or eye is selected. We are developing a face detection and eye identification process by building a facial recognition algorithm using databases collected from previous experiments. This procedure was applied to a database of a previous set of 40,000 images for 40 people, which illustrates how difficult it is to identify faces. This paper includes a detailed research methodology. In Section 3, face evaluation is discussed, depending on key characteristics within a specific protocol, followed by a definition of the most accurate performance criteria for face verification, and identification through statistical measures. The evaluation protocols in our paper provide researchers the means to recognize faces using modern methods. The results obtained were mentioned in the figure and indicated the strength of the technique used.
Demography of Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah and Revitalizing the Institutional Function of Islamic Education
Authors: Priatna Tedi
Published: April 2020

This study offers the findings of the demographic data of madrasah diniyah takmiliyah (non-formal form of education, developed through community participation), especially about teachers and students in Bandung city, Indonesia, and give efforts to revitalize their institutional roles and functions. The study used a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods to collect and analyze the data. The results showed that madrasah diniyah takmiliyahs in Bandung city are around 1,134 with 75,264 students and 6,292 teachers. The demographic data of madrasah diniyah takmiliyah in Bandung city is very significant when compared to sekolah dasar (formal education at the primary school level)/madrasah ibtidaiyah (formal education at the Islamic primary school level) in Bandung, which only amounted to 545 sekolah dasars/madrasah ibtidaiyahs with 231,174 students and 10,802 teachers. This research found that many parents interested to send their children to madrasah diniyah takmiliyah. Many potential madrasah diniyah takmiliyahs are not owned by other educational institutions. Madrasah diniyah takmiliyah is the property of Muslims for Indonesia, whose quality and function must be improved so that they can participate in improving the quality of people for advanced Indonesia.