bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A method to encapsulate model structural uncertainty in ensemble
projections of future climate
Authors: Lewis Jared , Bodeker Greg E. , Tait Andrew , Kremser Stefanie
Published: February 2017

Abstract. A method, based on climate pattern-scaling, has been developed to expand a small number of projections of fields of a selected climate variable (X) into an ensemble that encapsulates a wide range of model structural uncertainties. The method described in this paper is referred to as the Ensemble Projections Incorporating Climate model uncertainty (EPIC) method. Each ensemble member is constructed by adding contributions from (1) a climatology derived from observations that represents the time invariant part of the signal, (2) a contribution from forced changes in X where those changes can be statistically related to changes in global mean surface temperature (Tglobal), and (3) a contribution from unforced variability that is generated by a stochastic weather generator. The patterns of unforced variability are also allowed to respond to changes in Tglobal. The statistical relationships between changes in X (and its patterns of variability) with Tglobal are obtained in a "training" phase. Then, in an "implementation" phase, 190 simulations of Tglobal are generated using a simple climate model tuned to emulate 19 different Global Climate Models (GCMs) and 10 different carbon cycle models. Using the generated Tglobal time series and the correlation between the forced changes in X and Tglobal, obtained in the "training" phase, the forced change in the X field can be generated many times using Monte Carlo analysis. A stochastic weather generator model is used to generate realistic representations of weather which include spatial coherence. Because GCMs and Regional Climate Models (RCMs) are less likely to correctly represent unforced variability compared to observations, the stochastic weather generator takes as input measures of variability derived from observations, but also responds to forced changes in climate in a way that is consistent with the RCM projections. This approach to generating a large ensemble of projections is many orders of magnitude more computationally efficient than running multiple GCM or RCM simulations. Such a large ensemble of projections permits a description of a Probability Density Function (PDF) of future climate states rather than a small number of individual story lines within that PDF which may not be representative of the PDF as a whole; the EPIC method corrects for such potential sampling biases. The method is useful for providing projections of changes in climate to users wishing to investigate the impacts and implications of climate change in a probabilistic way. A web-based tool, using the EPIC method to provide probabilistic projections of changes in daily maximum and minimum temperatures for New Zealand, has been developed and is described in this paper.
Improved SWAT vegetation growth module for tropical ecosystem
Authors: Alemayehu Tadesse , van Griensven Ann , Bauwens Willy
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is a globally applied river basin eco-hydrological simulator in a wide spectrum of studies, ranging from land use change and climate change impacts studies to research for the development of best water management practices. However, SWAT has limitations in simulating the seasonal growth cycles for trees and perennial vegetation in tropics, where the major plant growth controlling factor is the rainfall (via soil moisture) rather than temperature. Our goal is to improve the vegetation growth module of the SWAT model for simulating the vegetation parameters such as the leaf area index (LAI) for tropics. Therefore, we present a modified SWAT version for the tropics (SWAT-T) that uses of a simple but robust soil moisture index (SMI) – a quotient of the rainfall (P) and reference evapotranspiration (PET) – to initiate a new growing season after a defined dry season. Our results for the Mara Basin (Kenya/Tanzania) show that the SWAT-T simulated LAI corresponds well with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LAI for evergreen forest, savanna grassland and shrubs, indicating that the SMI is a reliable proxy to dynamically initiate a new growing cycle. The water balance components (evapotranspiration and flow) simulated by the SWAT-T exhibit a good agreement with remote sensing-based evapotranspiration (RS-ET) and observed flow. The SWAT-T simulator with the proposed improved vegetation growth module for tropical ecosystem could be a robust tool for several applications including land use and climate change impact studies.
A PROMPT METHODOLOGY TO GEOREFERENCE COMPLEX HYPOGEA ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Troisi S. , Baiocchi V. , Del Pizzo S. , Giannone F.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Actually complex underground structures and facilities occupy a wide space in our cities, most of them are often unsurveyed; cable duct, drainage system are not exception. Furthermore, several inspection operations are performed in critical air condition, that do not allow or make more difficult a conventional survey. In this scenario a prompt methodology to survey and georeferencing such facilities is often indispensable. A visual based approach was proposed in this paper; such methodology provides a 3D model of the environment and the path followed by the camera using the conventional photogrammetric/Structure from motion software tools. The key-role is played by the lens camera; indeed, a fisheye system was employed to obtain a very wide field of view (FOV) and therefore high overlapping among the frames. The camera geometry is in according to a forward motion along the axis camera. Consequently, to avoid instability of bundle adjustment algorithm a preliminary calibration of camera was carried out. A specific case study was reported and the accuracy achieved.
The catastrophic landfill flowslide at Hongao dumpsite on 20 December 2015 in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Xu Qiang , Peng Dalei , Li Weile , Dong Xiujun , Hu Wei , Tang Minggao , Liu Fangzhou
Published: February 2017

Abstract. A catastrophic flowslide occurred at the Hongao dumpsite on 20 December 2015 in the Guangming New District of Shenzhen, China. The flowslide caused 77 causalities and damaged 33 buildings. In the absence of extreme weather conditions and seismic activity, the causes of the failure were analyzed on the basis of multi-temporal remote-sensing images, site investigation, in situ tests, laboratory tests, and numerical analyses. Site investigations showed that the volume of the displaced material was 2.32  ×  106 m3 and the volume of the pre-failure waste filling was 6.27  ×  106 m3. The flowslide was characterized by high travel velocity and long runout distance. The displaced material was primarily a mixture of silty soil and construction and demolition waste with water content of 17.3–42.4 %. The primary causes of the failure were concluded to be the following: (1) groundwater flow had stagnated in the dumpsite due to drainage system failure and the underlying impermeable granite stratum; (2) the accumulation rate and total volume of the waste filling was in exceedance of the design capacity. The flowslide may be ascribed to the development of excess pore-water pressure as evidence of liquefaction was observed at several locations, and it is postulated that such phenomena were related to the surcharge loads imposed by the unregulated disposal activities.
International Comparison of Education Research Policies
Authors: Shu Yung Ming
Published: February 2017

This is a comparative study of the education research policies in several countries and international organizations. The purpose of the comparison is to discover the trends in this field. Four dimensions are used for education research policy: the aims of education research, the promoted research methods, the priority areas in education research, and databases for education research. These dimensions need direction and support from government. The findings are that public interest is pursued by education research institutes. However, any research result that runs counter to current policies will be suppressed. Stakeholders, such as sponsors, researchers and journals, do not take public interest as their main concern. The most promoted method in education research is evidence-based research because it is thought to be more useful and reproducible. The priority area for education research, however, is not so evident. But basic research and new areas, like neuroscience and popular culture, are more common. There are databases for education research in many countries. PISA of OECD is the most conspicuous one in recent years. Education research and educational policy is interwoven together. Education research can contribute to educational policy, while educational policy many direct the orientation of education research. Each should have the other in mind.
Jean Améry, Commemoration and Comparative Engagement
Authors: Bernstein Jeffrey
Published: February 2017

2016 marks the 50th Anniversary of the publication of Jean Améry’s collection of essays dealing with his experiences at (and in the aftermath of) Auschwitz entitled Jenseits von Schuld und Sühne: Bewältigungsversuche eines Überwältigten. Translated into English as At The Mind’s Limits: Contemplations By A Survivor On Auschwitz And Its Realities, Améry’s collection immediately set a standard for philosophical accounts of the camps that even today remains unchanged. More uncompromising than the texts of Wiesenthal, Levi, Borowski, and Wiesel, Améry’s collection philosophically explores the extreme limit of the survivor’s experience in the camps as well as the ensuing trauma of living in its wake.
The Fifth Antinomy: A Reading of Torture for a Post-Kantian Moral Philosophy
Authors: Ben-Shai Roy
Published: February 2017

"Where is it decreed that enlightenment must be free of emotion? To me, the opposite seems to be true. Enlightenment can properly fulfill its task only if it sets to work with passion." - Améry, At the Mind's LimitsThis statement, which concludes the preface to the 1977 reissue of At the Mind’s Limits, conveys the philosophical ambition of the book: to advance the enlightenment project, while revising the way we understand this project. The idea, rejected here by Améry, that the enlightenment “must be free of emotion” owes most to its foremost proponent, Immanuel Kant. This paper picks up on this implicit allusion to Kant, and elaborates on Améry’s revision of the enlightenment by making the confrontation between them explicit.
‘a fine risk to be run’: Améry and Levinas on Aging, Responsibility, and Risk in the Wake of Atrocity
Authors: Stauffer Jill
Published: February 2017

Does atrocity age? What I mean to ask is, does time heal wounds that were genocidal or otherwise broad, deep, and caused by a fatal combination of human depravity and widespread indifference? Jean Améry famously refused to let the past be past in his essay “Resentments.” He argued that even if, with regard to the Holocaust, logically speaking, what happened is in the past, there is no moral sense to that. Morality requires of us that we refuse to let the past be whenever we are faced with a past that should have been otherwise. For him, writing 20 years after he was freed from the camps, time had not healed all wounds. Atrocity was not aging gracefully.
Absurd Dignity: The Rebel and His Cause in Améry and Camus
Authors: Anderson Ingrid
Published: February 2017

In “On the Necessity and Impossibility of Being a Jew,” Jean Améry admits that in Europe, “the degradation of the Jews was...identical with the death threat long before Auschwitz. In this regard, Jean-Paul Sartre, already in...his book Anti-Semite and Jew, offered a few perceptions that are still valid today.” In no uncertain terms, Améry aligns his own project to “describe the...unchanging...condition” of the Reich’s victims with Sartre’s 1946 book on anti-Semitism, a philosophical gesture that was not uncommon for left- leaning Jewish intellectuals after the war. According to Robert Misrahi, who discusses at length what he calls Sartre’s “evident good will,” “his manifest care to render justice, and his desire, in the face of the Jews’ great suffering, to address himself to them,” Anti-Semite and Jew was primarily a “powerful affirmation of sympathy” for European Jews and, moreover, “an effective weapon against anti-Semitism.” Misrahi insists that French Jews were “astonished, even stunned for what we (Jews) were used to was hatred and contempt.” Sartre’s repeated assertions that the suffering of European Jewry was undeserved and unwarranted, are underscored by his declaration that Europe’s problem was not, after all, ‘the Jew’ but the anti-Semite, whose sadistic Manichaeism and profound fear of himself and his own instincts and responsibilities, had inverted European values so profoundly as to make genocide ethical. And although Sartre repeatedly emphasizes his intention to analyze primarily the situation of French Jews, he does not fail to connect European anti-Semitism with other forms of racialized hatred; ‘the Jew’ is only a “pretext,” since “elsewhere [the anti-Semite’s] counterpart will make use of the Negro or the man of yellow skin” because anti-Semitism, “in short, is fear of the human condition.” Given the profound radicalism of such declarations at the time, it is not a surprise that Améry confessed and enacted a deep affinity for Sartrean existentialism. And yet, despite Améry’s understandable eagerness to wave the Sartrean flag, Améry’s existentialism is less like Sartre’s, and, consciously or unconsciously, far more like that of Albert Camus. Although Améry never mentions Camus in At the Mind’s Limits, Améry shares Camus’ reverence for rigorous analysis that simultaneously resists the kind of moral and political rigidity that often leads to a falsification of human experience and history. This is perhaps most evident in their overlapping treatments and understandings of human dignity and its solitary champion, the absurdist ‘rebel.’
Améry, Arendt, and the Future of the World
Authors: O'Byrne Anne
Published: February 2017

Of all the terms Jean Améry might have chosen to explain the deepest effects of torture, the one he selected was world. To be tortured was to lose trust in the world, to become incapable of feeling at home in the world. In July 1943, Améry was arrested by the Gestapo in Belgium and tortured by the SS at the former fortress of Breendonk. With the first blow from the torturers, he famously wrote, one loses trust in the world. With that blow, one can no longer be certain that “by reason of written or unwritten social contracts the other person will spare me—and more precisely stated, that he will respect my physical, and with it also my metaphysical, being.” In a vault inside the fortress, beyond the reach of anyone who might help—a wife, a mother, a brother, a friend—it turned out that all social contracts had been broken and torture was possible. His attackers had no respect for him, and no-one else could or would help.
At the Mind’s Limits and German-Jewish Symbiosis: Or, Améry on Guilt and the Possibility of Redemption
Authors: Erlewine Robert
Published: February 2017

At the 50th anniversary of the Jean Améry’s Jenseits von Schuld und Sühne: Bewältigungsversuche eines Überwältigten, published in English as At the Mind’s Limits: Contemplations By a Survivor on Auschwitz and its Realities, this work is garnering increased attention in the Anglophone world. Perhaps it should not be surprising that there is increased interest in this book at this moment when our attention is repeatedly drawn to the plight of immigrants and exiles, state sanctioned use of torture, and police violence—all themes At the Mind’s Limits deals with at length. While this recent attention is certainly appropriate, it nevertheless tends to blur the specific and particular socio-political and cultural contours of the work. Améry becomes a writer about the plight of the victim in general, such that specificity of his Jewishness is lost and the already submerged theological dimensions of his work remain obscure.
Transparent, Black and Organic Mulches Effect on Weed Suppression in Green Pepper (Capsicum annuum) in Western Kenya
Authors: N. Edgar Ocharo , Gweyi-Onyango Joseph P. , Kibet Korir Nicholas
Published: February 2017

Weed suppression through physical methods in cultivation constitutes of many methods but this experiment focused on application of various mulches. Recently, herbicide-free weed control methods in the world are getting more attention due to environmental and ecological factors. Green pepper production requires good management practices in order to attain potential yields. Most of the known physical practices of weed control cause both positive and negative effects. Therefore, great attention should be paid when selecting the appropriate mulch with the aim of weed suppression in any specific cultivation. Three types of mulches were examined for weed control namely; black plastic mulch, transparent plastic mulch, straw mulch and bare soil as control during the 2015 short and long raining seasons in Busia County. In both seasons, the black plastic mulch treatment significantly (P<0.05) showed the lowest number of weed species (3) per m2 quadrat while the control had the highest with a maximum of 8 and 7 during the long and short raining seasons respectively. The number of species reduced after four weeks from transplanting when the first sampling was carried out. The lowest weed vigor was exhibited in the plastic treatments for both seasons at 4, 6 and 8 weeks after transplanting. Control had the highest weed fresh biomass for both seasons at all the sampling stages with the highest observed during the short raining season with 1626 g/m2 at 4 weeks after transplanting. This also translated to the highest weed dry biomass for both seasons in the control plots with the lowest recorded in the black plastic mulch. Out of several physical methods of weed control, mulching seems to be the most appropriate with the black plastic mulch being the best.
Impact of the Type of Dialysis Membranes on the Circulating Concentration of Markers of Vitamin D Metabolism
Authors: Cavalier Etienne , Torres Pablo U. , Dubois Bernard E. , Smelten Nicole , Pottel Hans , Krzesinski Jean-Marie , Delanaye Pierre
Published: February 2017

Introduction

Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines recommend vitamin D supplementation in hemodialyzed patients to monitor 25(OH)-vitamin D 25(OH)D levels. However, patient-to-patient inconsistency can be observed in response to the treatment. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of the dialysis membrane on 25(OH)D, albumin (Alb) and vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP), the major players of vitamin D transport and storage.

Material and Methods

Alb (Cobas), VDBP (R&D) and 25(OH)D (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) were measured in 75 patients before and after a 4-hour dialysis session. Ten dialysis membranes were used: FX10, FX80, FX800, BK-2.1F, BG-2.1U, Rexeed 15 A, Rexeed 21 A, TS 1.8 SL and TS 2.1 SL manque la ELISIO 21H. Accordingly, 13 patients were dialyzed with membranes possessing high adsorption and high cut-off properties (BK), 17 with membranes possessing high adsorption but usual cut-off properties (BG) and all the remaining 45 patients with polysufone (PS) membranes with usual adsorptive and cut-off properties. Among these 45 patients treated with PS, we compared those treated by classical dialysis (HD) (n = 14) and hemodiafiltration (HDF) (n = 31). Results were corrected for total extracellular volume to take into consideration the hemoconcentration after dialysis

Results

The 3 analytes showed a decreased concentration after the dialysis session. The decrease of ALB, VDBP and 25(OH)D was similar with the adsorptive (BG) and PS membranes. However, patients treated with adsorptive and high cut-off membrane (BK) presented a significantly higher decrease values of Alb (-9.6%[-15.1; -7.5]), of VDBP (-20.6%[-36.6; -17.2] and 25(OH)D (-17%[-27.3; -12.3]) compared to other membranes (BG and PS). When we limited our study to PS membranes, we did not observe any significant difference between the HD or HDF modalities in the decrease for any of the studied parameters.

Conclusions

A significant loss of Alb, VDBP and 25(OH)D occurs after a dialysis session. This loss is significantly more important when patients are dialyzed with high adsorption and high cut-off dialysis membranes
Differences in the Time Course of Disease Progression, Quality of Life and Health Service Utilization in Women with Endometriosis
Authors: Brandes Iris , Hillemanns Peter , Schippert Cordula
Published: February 2017

Introduction

This study aimed to identify different subgroups (clusters) of patients (n = 182) based on the previously defined variables “age” and “diagnostic delay” in order to identify varying needs of (socio-)medical care.

Methods

Five clusters were identified by two-step cluster analysis (SPSS 23.0). The mean values for parameters of quality of life, time course of disease progression and health service utilization were compared by chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis H test, and tested for correlations using Spearman's correlation coefficient.

Results

Clusters I and II patients recognized their endometriosis symptoms at a relatively late age. The results showed a short diagnostic delay and a low subjective disease burden, although cluster I was characterized by a high level of fatigue. Cluster III results indicated that a lack of social support and comparatively long diagnostic delay were major problems in this group. The women in cluster IV had the worst quality-of-life scores and a below-average utilization of services. Statistical analysis showed a significant association between an early age of onset of endometriosis symptoms and a very long delay in diagnosis. These women perceived their menstrual symptoms as “normal” or as “hypochondria”. Cluster V patients were mainly concerned about maintaining their work ability and employment.

Conclusions

In gynecological practice, special attention should be given to the very young women, as the early onset of endometriosis symptoms and a long delay in diagnosis may indicate the risk of an unfavorable course of the patient's medical and socio-medical history over time.
Therapeutic Ureteral Occlusion with Ifabond Cyanoacrylate Glue: An Interesting Solution
Authors: Oderda Marco , Lacquaniti Sergio , Fraire Flavio , Antolini Jacopo , Camilli Marco , Mandras Roberto , Puccetti Luca , Varvello Francesco , Fasolis Giuseppe
Published: February 2017

Objective

The aim of this study was to present a novel approach for complete and permanent ureteral occlusion using a percutaneous injection of Ifabond cyanoacrylate glue.

Methods

We describe in detail all the steps of our surgery, performed on a 79-year-old patient with urinary leakage from ureteral stump following radical cystectomy. N-hexyl-cyanoacrylate glue (Ifabond) was used to occlude the distal ureter and solve the leakage.

Results

Our approach was successful, sparing our already frail patient further surgical procedures. Six months pyelography confirmed the complete ureteral blockage with absence of extravasation.

Conclusions

In complicated scenarios with urinary leakages and frail patients, synthetic glues such as Ifabond might represent an interesting therapeutic option to solve the fistulas, leading to durable success with a minimally invasive approach.
De kosten van de deelgeschilprocedure: enkele suggesties tot normering
Authors: Boersma L.
Published: February 2017

De kosten van de deelgeschilprocedure: enkele suggesties tot normering

De praktijk worstelt met de begroting van de omvang van de kosten van deelgeschilprocedures. Dit wordt veroorzaakt door het telkens invulling moeten geven aan de open norm van artikel 1019aa Rv jo. artikel 6:96 lid 2 BW: alleen kosten die ‘redelijk’ zijn, komen voor vergoeding in aanmerking. Een oplossing zou gelegen kunnen zijn in het normeren van deze kosten. In deze bijdrage wordt daartoe een drietal suggesties gedaan. Deze zijn ingegeven door een analyse van alle op www.rechtspraak.nl gepubliceerde uitspraken in deelgeschil sinds de invoering van de Wet deelgeschilprocedure voor letsel- en overlijdensschade in 2010 tot 1 januari 2017.
A pesca em comunidades ribeirinhas na região do médio rio Madeira, Rondônia
Authors: Doria Carolina Rodrigues da Costa , Machado Luiz Fontes , Brasil de Souza Suelen Tacieane , Lima Maria Alice Leite
Published: February 2017

A importância da pesca na unidade familiar de produção (UFP) e a delimitação dos fatores que a influenciam constituem o hiato na caracterização da atividade em regiões da Amazônia sob  minência de impactos de grandes projetos. Este estudo avaliou a dinâmica e a importância da pesca em UFP de comunidades ribeirinhas à jusante da cachoeira do Teotônio (rio Madeira) e a influência na composição e abundância das espécies capturadas, de fatores ambientais, distância dos mercados e destinação da captura. Entre agosto/2009 e julho/2010 (período pré reservatório), 23 famílias registraram informações diárias da atividade que permitiram analisar a captura total e específica de pescado consumido e comercializado e o esforço de pesca. Os resultados demostraram a importância da pesca familiar (produção média: 2.403±2.261kg. família-1.ano-1; e do consumo médio per capita: 440g.dia-1) e padrões entre as comunidades que refetem ambos os fatores ambientais, distância do pescado consumidor e destino da captura.
Biodiversity and phylogeny of Ammotheidae (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida)
Authors: Sabroux Romain , Corbari Laure , Krapp Franz , Bonillo Céline , Le Prieur Stéphanie , Hassanin Alexandre
Published: February 2017

The family Ammotheidae is the most diversified group of the class Pycnogonida, with 297 species described in 20 genera. Its monophyly and intergeneric relationships have been highly debated in previous studies. Here, we investigated the phylogeny of Ammotheidae using specimens from poorly studied areas. We sequenced the mitochondrial gene encoding the first subunit of cytochrome c oxidase (CO1) from 104 specimens. The complete nuclear 18S rRNA gene was sequenced from a selection of 80 taxa to provide further phylogenetic signal. The base composition in CO1 shows a higher heterogeneity in Ammotheidae than in other families, which may explain their apparent polyphyly in the CO1 tree. Although deeper nodes of the tree receive no statistical support, Ammotheidae was found to be monophyletic and divided into two clades, here defined as distinct subfamilies: Achelinae comprises the genera Achelia Hodge, 1864, Ammothella Verrill, 1900, Nymphopsis Haswell, 1884 and Tanystylum Miers, 1879; and Ammotheinae includes the genera Ammothea Leach, 1814, Acheliana Arnaud, 1971, Cilunculus Loman, 1908, Sericosura Fry & Hedgpeth, 1969 and also Teratonotum gen. nov., including so far only the type species Ammothella stauromata Child, 1982. The species Cilunculus gracilis Nakamura & Child, 1991 is reassigned to Ammothella, forming the binomen Ammothella gracilis (Nakamura & Child, 1991) comb. nov. Additional taxonomic re-arrangements are suggested for the genera Achelia, Acheliana, Ammothella and Cilunculus.
Large and Small Airway Disease Related to Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Chiu Kenrry , Wright Joanne Lynne
Published: February 2017

Although airway disease associated with inflammatory bowel disease is uncommon, its involvement may have severe clinical consequences. This article reviews the breadth of pathologic processes that can be expected in the various sizes of airways, and provides a differential diagnosis from other airway diseases that can be found in association with inflammatory bowel disease. It also makes suggestions as to how airway disease can be best differentiated by using appropriate special stains.
Stanley depth and symbolic powers of monomial ideals
Authors: Seyed Fakhari S. A.
Published: February 2017

The aim of this paper is to study the Stanley depth of symbolic powers of a squarefree monomial ideal. We prove that for every squarefree monomial ideal $I$ and every pair of integers $k, s\geq 1$, the inequalities $\mathrm{sdepth} (S/I^{(ks)}) \leq \mathrm{sdepth} (S/I^{(s)})$ and $\mathrm{sdepth}(I^{(ks)}) \leq \mathrm{sdepth} (I^{(s)})$ hold. If moreover $I$ is unmixed of height $d$, then we show that for every integer $k\geq1$, $\mathrm{sdepth}(I^{(k+d)})\leq \mathrm{sdepth}(I^{{(k)}})$ and $\mathrm{sdepth}(S/I^{(k+d)})\leq \mathrm{sdepth}(S/I^{{(k)}})$. Finally, we consider the limit behavior of the Stanley depth of symbolic powers of a squarefree monomial ideal. We also introduce a method for comparing the Stanley depth of factors of monomial ideals.
Free resolution of powers of monomial ideals and Golod rings
Authors: Altafi N. , Nemati N. , Seyed Fakhari S. A. , Yassemi S.
Published: February 2017

Let $S = \mathbb{K}[x_1, \dots, x_n]$ be the polynomial ring over a field $\mathbb{K}$. In this paper we present a criterion for componentwise linearity of powers of monomial ideals. In particular, we prove that if a square-free monomial ideal $I$ contains no variable and some power of $I$ is componentwise linear, then $I$ satisfies the gcd condition. For a square-free monomial ideal $I$ which contains no variable, we show that $S/I$ is a Golod ring provided that for some integer $s\geq 1$, the ideal $I^s$ has linear quotients with respect to a monomial order.
Circle Line Optimization of Shuttle Bus in Central Business District without Transit Hub
Authors: Yao Baozhen , Cao Qingda , Jin Lu , Zhang Mingheng , Zhao Yibing
Published: February 2017

The building density of Central Business District (CBD) is usually high. Land for a bus terminal is insufficient. In this situation, passengers in CBD have to walk far to take a bus, or take a long time to wait for a taxi. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an indirect approach: the design of a circle line of shuttle bus as a dynamic bus terminal in CBD. The shuttle bus can deliver people to the bus station through a circle line. This approach not only reduces the traffic pressure in CBD, but also saves travel time of the passenger. A bi-objective model is proposed to design a circle line of a shuttle bus for CBD. The problem is solved by non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II). Furthermore, the Dalian city in China has been chosen as the case study to test the proposed method. The results indicate that the method is effective for circle line optimization of shuttle bus in central business district without a bus terminal.
Modelling and Simulation of Cooperative Control for Bus Rapid Transit Vehicle Platoon in a Connected Vehicle Environment
Authors: Liu Jiahui , Lin Peiqun , Jin Jing(Peter)
Published: February 2017

The aim of this paper is to develop a cooperative control model for improving the operational efficiency of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) vehicles. The model takes advantage of the emerging connected vehicle technology. A connected vehicle centre is established to assign a specific reservation time interval and transmit the corresponding dynamic speed guidance to each BRT vehicle. Furthermore, a set of constraints have been set up to avoid bus queuing and waiting phenomena in downstream BRT stations. Therefore, many BRT vehicles are strategically guided to form a platoon, which can pass through an intersection with no impedance. An actual signalized intersection along the Guangzhou BRT corridor is employed to verify and assess the cooperative control model in various traffic conditions. The simulation-based evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed approach can reduce delays, decrease the number of stops, and improve the sustainability of the BRT vehicles.
Order Picking Process in Warehouse: Case Study of Dairy Industry in Croatia
Authors: Habazin Josip , Glasnović Antonia , Bajor Ivona
Published: February 2017

The proper functioning of warehouse processes is fundamental for operational improvement and overall logistic supply chain improvement. Order picking is considered one of the most important from the group. Throughout picking orders in warehouses, the presence of human work is highly reflected, with the main goal to reduce the process time as much as possible, that is, to the very minimum. There are several different order picking methods, and nowadays, the most common ones are being developed and are significantly dependent on the type of goods, the warehouse equipment, etc., and those that stand out are scanning and picking by voice. This paper will provide information regarding the dairy industry in the Republic of Croatia with the analysis of order picking process in the observed company. Overall research highlighted the problem and resulted in proposals of solutions.
The microRNA miR‐124 inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by targeting S100 calcium‐binding protein A4 (S100A4)
Authors: Choe Nakwon , Kwon Duk‐Hwa , Shin Sera , Kim Yong Sook , Kim Young‐Kook , Kim Jaetaek , Ahn Youngkeun , Eom Gwang H. , Kook Hyun
Published: February 2017

S100 calcium‐binding protein A4 (S100A4) induces proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We aimed to find the microRNA regulating S100A4 expression. S100A4 transcripts are abruptly increased in the acute phase of carotid arterial injury 1 day later (at day 1) but gradually decreases at days 7 and 14. Bioinformatics analysis reveals that miR‐124 targets S100A4. VSMC survival is attenuated by miR‐124 mimic but increased by miR‐124 inhibitor. miR‐124 decreases immediately after carotid arterial injury but dramatically increases at days 7 and 14. miR‐124 inhibitor‐induced cell proliferation is blocked by S100A4 siRNA, whereas miR‐124‐induced cell death is recovered by S100A4. Our findings suggest that miR‐124 is a novel regulator of VSMC proliferation and may play a role in the development of neointimal proliferation.
Assessing accuracy and precision for space‐based measurements of carbon dioxide: An associated statistical methodology revisited
Authors: Su Zhan , Yung Yuk L. , Shia Run‐Lie , Miller Charles E.
Published: February 2017

Analyzing retrieval accuracy and precision is an important element of space‐based CO2 retrievals. However, this error analysis is sometimes challenging to perform rigorously because of the subtlety of Multivariate Statistics. To help address this issue, we revisit some fundamentals of Multivariate Statistics that help reveal the statistical essence of the associated error analysis. We show that the related statistical methodology is useful for revealing the intrinsic discrepancy and relation between the retrieval error for a nonzero‐variate CO2 state and that for a zero‐variate one. Our study suggests that the two scenarios essentially yield the same‐magnitude accuracy, while the latter scenario yields a better precision than the former. We also use this methodology to obtain a rigorous framework systematically and explore a broadly used approximate framework for analyzing CO2 retrieval errors. The approximate framework introduces errors due to an essential, but often forgotten, fact that a priori climatology in reality is never equal to the true state. Due to the nature of the problem considered, realistic numerical simulations that produce synthetic spectra may be more appropriate than remote sensing data for our specific exploration. As highlighted in our retrieval simulations, utilizing the approximate framework may not be universally satisfactory in assessing the accuracy and precision of Xco2 retrievals (with errors up to 0.17–0.28 ppm and 1.4–1.7 ppm, respectively, at SNR = 400). In situ measurements of CO2 are needed to further our understanding of this issue and related implications.
Second harmonic poloidal waves observed by Van Allen Probes in the dusk‐midnight sector
Authors: Min Kyungguk , Takahashi Kazue , Ukhorskiy Aleksandr Y. , Manweiler Jerry W. , Spence Harlan E. , Singer Howard, J. , Claudepierre Seth G. , Larsen Brian A. , Soto‐Chavez A. Rualdo , Cohen Ross J.
Published: February 2017

This paper presents observations of ultralow‐frequency (ULF) waves from Van Allen Probes. The event that generated the ULF waves occurred 2 days after a minor geomagnetic storm during a geomagnetically quiet time. Narrowband pulsations with a frequency of about 7 mHz with moderate amplitudes were registered in the premidnight sector when Probe A was passing through an enhanced density region near geosynchronous orbit. Probe B, which passed through the region earlier, did not detect the narrowband pulsations but only broadband noise. Despite the single‐spacecraft measurements, we were able to determine various wave properties. We find that (1) the observed waves are a second harmonic poloidal mode propagating westward with an azimuthal wave number estimated to be ∼100; (2) the magnetic field fluctuations have a finite compressional component due to small but finite plasma beta (∼0.1); (3) the energetic proton fluxes in the energy ranging from above 10 keV to about 100 keV exhibit pulsations with the same frequency as the poloidal mode and energy‐dependent phase delays relative to the azimuthal component of the electric field, providing evidence for drift‐bounce resonance; and (4) the second harmonic poloidal mode may have been excited via the drift‐bounce resonance mechanism with free energy fed by the inward radial gradient of ∼80 keV protons. We show that the wave active region is where the plume overlaps the outer edge of ring current and suggest that this region can have a wide longitudinal extent near geosynchronous orbit.
The interaction of finite‐width reconnection exhaust jets with a dipolar magnetic field configuration
Authors: Pritchett P. L. , Runov A.
Published: February 2017

The structure and properties of earthward propagating exhaust jets produced by a magnetic reconnection source region localized in the out‐of‐plane direction are investigated with 3‐D particle‐in‐cell simulations that incorporate a realistic plasma sheet configuration in which a dipole magnetic field region is connected to an asymptotic tail equilibrium with finite Bz. The jet is found to separate initially into two segments of width ∼10–15di each (di is the ion inertia length). The dawnward segment moves ahead of the duskward one and continues to intensify, while the latter is buffeted by the return flows generated by the former and stagnates. The leading front develops the characteristic structure of a sharp Bz increase and density drop on a 1–2di scale. The current associated with this Bz increase is carried mainly by the electrons, and the jet front is the site of a Region 1 sense field‐aligned current system. The ions develop a moderate temperature anisotropy with Ti||>Ti⊥ ahead of the front, while the electron temperature remains isotropic. The ion heating behind the front is quasi‐adiabatic, while the nonthermal electron tail is enhanced out to the limit of the simulation spectrum (∼15Eth). The ion velocity distribution function behind the front exhibits a strong parallel phase space enhancement at speeds ∼0.5VA associated with the earthward flow, while closer to the dipole region there is a drop out in parallel phase space at speeds of ∼1.5–2.5VA. The electron distribution is isotropic with an enhanced central plateau extending out to ∼4VA.
Seasonal variation of gravity wave parameters using different filter methods with daylight lidar measurements at midlatitudes
Authors: Baumgarten K. , Gerding M. , Lübken F.‐J.
Published: February 2017

The daylight‐capable Rayleigh‐Mie‐Raman (RMR) lidar at the midlatitude station in Kühlungsborn (54°N, 12°E) is in operation since 2010. The RMR lidar system is used to investigate different fractions of atmospheric waves, like gravity waves (GW) and thermal tides (with diurnal, semidiurnal, and terdiurnal components) at day and night. About 6150 h of data have been acquired until 2015. The general challenge for GW observations is the separation of different wave contributions from the observed superposition of GW, tides, or even longer periodic waves. Unfiltered lidar data always include such a superposition. We applied a Butterworth filter to separate GW and tides by vertical wavelength with a cutoff wavelength of 15 km and by observed periods with a cutoff period of 8 h. GW activity and characteristics are derived in an altitude range between 30 and 70 km. The retrieved vertically filtered temperature deviations contain GW with small vertical wavelengths over a broad range of periods, while only a small range of periods is included in the temporally filtered temperature deviations. We observe an annual variation of the wave activity for unfiltered and vertically filtered data, which is caused from tides and inertia gravity waves. In contrast to that, filtering in time leads to a weak semiannual variation for gravity waves with periods of 4–8 h, especially in higher altitudes. During summer, these waves have the half of the total amount of the potential energy budget compared to the unfiltered data. This shows the importance of waves with periods smaller than 8 h.
Secukinumab and Sustained Improvement in Signs and Symptoms of Patients With Active Ankylosing Spondylitis Through Two Years: Results From a Phase III Study
Authors: Marzo‐Ortega H. , Sieper J. , Kivitz A. , Blanco R. , Cohen M. , Martin R. , Readie A. , Richards H. B. , Porter B. ,   on behalf of the Measure 2 Study Group
Published: February 2017

Objective

Secukinumab improved the signs and symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) over 52 weeks in the phase III MEASURE 2 study. Here, we report longer‐term (104 weeks) efficacy and safety results.

Methods

Patients with active AS were randomized to subcutaneous secukinumab 150 mg, 75 mg, or placebo at baseline; weeks 1, 2, and 3; and every 4 weeks from week 4. The primary end point was the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society criteria for 20% improvement (ASAS20) response rate at week 16. Other end points included ASAS40, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, ASAS5/6, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, Short Form 36 health survey physical component summary, ASAS partial remission, EuroQol 5‐domain measure, and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy fatigue subscale. End points were assessed through week 104, with multiple imputation for binary variables and a mixed‐effects model repeated measures for continuous variables.

Results

Of 219 randomized patients, 60 of 72 (83.3%) and 57 of 73 (78.1%) patients completed 104 weeks of treatment with secukinumab 150 mg and 75 mg, respectively; ASAS20/ASAS40 response rates at week 104 were 71.5% and 47.5% with both secukinumab doses, respectively. Clinical improvements with secukinumab were sustained through week 104 across all secondary end points. Across the entire treatment period (mean secukinumab exposure 735.6 days), exposure‐adjusted incidence rates for serious infections and infestations, Crohn's disease, malignant or unspecified tumors, and major adverse cardiac events with secukinumab were 1.2, 0.7, 0.5, and 0.7 per 100 patient‐years, respectively. No cases of tuberculosis reactivation, opportunistic infections, or suicidal ideation were reported.

Conclusion

Secukinumab provided sustained improvement through 2 years in the signs and symptoms of AS, with a safety profile consistent with previous reports.
Graphene and Other 2D Colloids: Liquid Crystals and Macroscopic Fibers
Authors: Liu Yingjun , Xu Zhen , Gao Weiwei , Cheng Zhengdong , Gao Chao
Published: February 2017

Two‐dimensional colloidal nanomaterials are running into renaissance after the enlightening researches of graphene. Macroscopic one‐dimensional fiber is an optimal ordered structural form to express the in‐plane merits of 2D nanomaterials, and the formation of liquid crystals (LCs) allows the creation of continuous fibers. In the correlated system from LCs to fibers, understanding their macroscopic organizing behavior and transforming them into new solid fibers is greatly significant for applications. Herein, we retrospect the history of 2D colloids and discuss about the concept of 2D nanomaterial fibers in the context of LCs, elaborating the motivation, principle and possible strategies of fabrication. Then we highlight the creation, development and typical applications of graphene fibers. Additionally, the latest advances of other 2D nanomaterial fibers are also summarized. Finally, conclusions, challenges and perspectives are provided to show great expectations of better and more fibrous materials of 2D nanomaterials. This review gives a comprehensive retrospect of the past century‐long effort about the whole development of 2D colloids, and plots a clear roadmap — “lamellar solid — LCs — macroscopic fibers — flexible devices”, which will certainly open a new era of structural‐multifunctional application for the conventional 2D colloids.
Controlling the Electrical and Magnetoelectric Properties of Epitaxially Strained Sr1−xBaxMnO3 Thin Films
Authors: Langenberg Eric , Maurel Laura , Marcano Noelia , Guzmán Roger , Štrichovanec Pavel , Prokscha Thomas , Magén César , Algarabel Pedro A. , Pardo José A.
Published: February 2017

The perovskite (Sr,Ba)MnO3 system is an ideal candidate for tailoring electrical and magnetoelectric properties through the accurate control of Ba content and epitaxial strain due to the strong coupling between polar instability, spin order, and lattice. Here, first, the polar order is proved to be induced in Sr1−xBaxMnO3 thin films through lattice expansion either by epitaxial strain or chemical pressure, which correlates with the evolution of the dielectric properties. Second, due to strong spin–phonon coupling, a large magnetoelectric response is found in the (Sr,Ba)MnO3 system, in which the dielectric constant drops up to 50% when the antiferromagnetic order emerges, larger than most magnetoelectric oxides. More important, this coupling between magnetism and dielectric properties can be tuned from ≈18% to ≈50% by appropriately selecting Ba content and epitaxial strain. Third, a clear trend of increasing the band gap energy on increasing the unit cell volume either by epitaxial strain or chemical pressure is found, which opens the way for engineering the semiconducting properties of (Sr,Ba)MnO3 system at will. Thus, this work proves the possibility to design the electrical response and the magnetoelectric coupling in (Sr,Ba)MnO3 system.
Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of β‐Keto Esters with Allylic Alcohols
Authors: Trillo Paz , Baeza Alejandro
Published: February 2017

The asymmetric allylic alkylation reaction of β‐keto esters catalyzed by copper complex tBuBOX‐Cu(OTf)2 employing allylic alcohols as environmentally friendly electrophilic partner, is herein described. This new protocol renders in general the corresponding allylic products with two consecutive all‐carbon stereocenters in good both yields and enantioselectivities and with low to modest diastereoselection. The regioselectivity of the process seems to be governed by the formation of the most stable olefin according to the results obtained when non‐symmetrically substituted alcohols were employed. The scope, limitations and mechanistic aspects of the process are also discussed.

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