bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human Decidua Basalis mesenchymal stem/stromal cells reverse the damaging effects of high level of glucose on endothelial cells in vitro
Authors: Basmaeil Yasser S. , Bahattab Eman. , Alshabibi Manal A. , Abomaray Fawaz M. , Abumaree Mohamed , Khatlani Tanvir
Published: June 2020

Recently, we reported the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) from the maternal decidua basalis tissue of human term placenta (DBMSCs) to treat inflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis and cancer. DMSCs protect endothelial cell functions from the negative effects of oxidative stress mediators including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and monocytes. In addition, DBMSCs induce the generation of anti‐cancer immune cells known as M1 macrophages. Diabetes is another inflammatory disease where endothelial cells are injured by H2O2 produced by high level of glucose (hyperglycaemia), which is associated with development of thrombosis. Here, we investigated the ability of DBMSCs to reverse the damaging effects of high levels of glucose on endothelial cells. DBMSCs and endothelial cells were isolated from human placental and umbilical cord tissues, respectively. Endothelial cells were incubated with glucose in presence of DBMSCs, and their functions were evaluated. The effect of DBMSCs on glucose‐ treated endothelial cell expression of genes was also determined. DBMSCs reversed the effects of glucose on endothelial cell functions including proliferation, migration, angiogenesis and permeability. In addition, DBMSCs modified the expression of several genes mediating essential endothelial cell functions including survival, apoptosis, permeability and angiogenesis. We report the first evidence that DBMSCs protect the functions of endothelial cells from the damaging effects of glucose. Based on these results, we establish that DBMSCs are promising therapeutic agents to repair glucose‐induced endothelial cell injury in diabetes. However, these finding must be investigated further to determine the pathways underlying the protective role of DBMSCs on glucose‐stimulated endothelial cell Injury.
Effects of three abnormal conditions of fallopian tube on outcomes of the in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer technique
Authors: Liu Chengjun , Su Ketong , Tian Meng , Ji Huili , Sun Lina , Li Chunjin , Zhou Xu
Published: June 2020

Aim

The aim of this study was to demonstrate whether salpingitis affects the outcomes of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF‐ET).

Methods

The retrospective study includes patients from 2013 to 2018 who received their first IVF‐ET treatment during this period. On the basis of their tubal conditions, the patients were subgrouped as: hydrosalpinx (group A), salpingitis (group B), tubal occlusion (group C). It had a total of 726 cycles, of which 208 cycles were in group A, 201 cycles in group B and 317 cycles in group C. The outcomes of the IVF‐ET treatment were compared amongst the three groups.

Results

Group C had the highest number of retrieved oocytes as compared to the groups A and B, and the rate of the high‐quality embryos at day 3 (66–68 h after insemination) was higher in the groups C and A compared to the group B. The blastocyst formation rate was significantly higher in group C compared to that of the group B. Group C had higher rates of implantation, clinical pregnancy and live birth compared to both groups A and B, while the birth weight of newborns did not differ amongst the three groups.

Conclusion

Salpingitis has adverse effects on the success rate of the IVF‐ET treatment, exemplified by lower implantation, clinical pregnancy and live birth rates compared to tubal occlusion, it may be necessary to carry out appropriate management of salpingitis before IVF‐ET treatment.
How safe is high‐order repeat cesarean delivery? An 8‐year single‐center experience in Lebanon
Authors: Ramadan Mohamad K. , Ramadan Khalil , El Tal Rana , Salem Wehbe Georges R. , Itani Saadeddine , Badr Dominique A.
Published: June 2020

Aim

To quantify the impact of the number of prior cesarean deliveries (CD) on operative complications and preterm birth. Then to investigate the presence of a threshold, beyond which complications tend to be disproportionately dangerous.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort observational study, where data corresponding to all CD done at our service, during an 8‐year period, were collected and analyzed. In total, 1840 CD were performed. Patients were divided into five categories that corresponded to the number of CD. Primary outcome was the composite adverse maternal outcome, while preterm birth and individual complications were secondary outcomes.

Results

The composite adverse maternal outcome, preterm birth, as well as all individual complications related to CD, except for placental abruption, showed a significant rise in frequency that paralleled the increase in the number of CD. Furthermore, this increase tended to be continuous as the number of CD increased, with an evident surge after the fourth.

Conclusion

In our population, increasing number of prior CD was a risk factor for a parallel increase in the rate of composite adverse maternal outcome, preterm birth and almost all intraoperative complications attributable to CD. Decreasing exposure to such surgeries by limiting family size to four offspring should be considered seriously in patient counseling.
Differences in Travel Time to Cancer Surgery for Colon versus Rectal Cancer in a Rural State: A New Method for Analyzing Time‐to‐Place Data Using Survival Analysis
Authors: Matthews Kevin A. , Kahl Amanda R. , Gaglioti Anne H. , Charlton Mary E.
Published: June 2020

Purpose

Rectal cancer is rarer than colon cancer and is a technically more difficult tumor for surgeons to remove, thus rectal cancer patients may travel longer for specialized treatment compared to colon cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether travel time for surgery was different for colon versus rectal cancer patients.

Methods

A secondary data analysis of colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence data from the Iowa Cancer Registry data was conducted. Travel times along a street network from all residential ZIP Codes to all cancer surgery facilities were calculated using a geographic information system. A new method for analyzing “time‐to‐place” data using the same type of survival analysis method commonly used to analyze “time‐to‐event” data is introduced. Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze travel time differences for colon versus rectal cancer patients.

Results

A total of 5,844 CRC patients met inclusion criteria. Median travel time to the nearest surgical facility was 9 minutes, median travel time to the actual cancer surgery facilities was 22 minutes, and the median number of facilities bypassed was 3. Although travel times to the nearest surgery facilities were not significantly different for colon versus rectal cancer patients, rectal cancer patients on average traveled 15 minutes longer to their actual surgery facility and bypassed 2 more facilities to obtain surgery.

Discussion

In general, the survival analysis method used to analyze the time‐to‐place data as described here could be applied to a wide variety of health services and used to compare travel patterns among different groups.
Transcriptomic plasticity of mesophotic corals among natural populations and transplants ofMontastraea cavernosain the Gulf of Mexico and Belize
Authors: Studivan Michael S. , Voss Joshua D.
Published: June 2020

While physiological responses to low‐light environments have been studied among corals on mesophotic coral ecosystems worldwide (MCEs; 30–150 m), the mechanisms behind acclimatization and adaptation to depth are not well understood for most coral species. Transcriptomic approaches based on RNA sequencing are useful tools for quantifying gene expression plasticity, particularly in slow‐growing species such as scleractinian corals, and for identifying potential functional differences among conspecifics. A tag‐based RNA‐Seq (Tag‐Seq) pipeline was applied to quantify transcriptional variation in natural populations of the scleractinian coralMontastraea cavernosafrom mesophotic and shallower environments across five sites in Belize and the Gulf of Mexico: Carrie Bow Cay, West and East Flower Garden Banks, Pulley Ridge, and Dry Tortugas. Regional site location was a stronger driver of gene expression patterns than depth. However, mesophotic corals among all sites shared similar regulation of metabolic and cell growth functional pathways that may represent common physiological responses to environmental conditions at depth. Additionally, in a transplant experiment at West and East Flower Garden Banks, colonies transplanted from mesophotic to shallower habitats diverged from the control mesophotic group over time, indicating depth‐regulated plasticity of gene expression. When the shallower depth zone experienced a bleaching event, bleaching severity did not differ significantly between transplants and shallow controls, but gene expression patterns indicated variable regulation of stress responses among depth treatments. Coupled observational and experimental studies of gene expression among mesophotic and shallowerM. cavernosaprovide insights into the ability of this depth‐generalist coral species to persist under varying environmental conditions.
Barley strigolactone signalling mutant hvd14.d reveals the role of strigolactones in abscisic acid‐dependent response to drought
Authors: Marzec Marek , Daszkowska‐Golec Agata , Collin Anna , Melzer Michael , Eggert Kai , Szarejko Iwona
Published: June 2020

Strigolactones (SLs) are a group of plant hormones involved in many aspects of plant development and stress adaptation. Here, we investigated the drought response of a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) mutant carrying a missense mutation in the gene encoding the SL‐specific receptor HvD14. Our results clearly showed that hvd14.d mutant is hyper‐sensitive to drought stress. This was illustrated by a lower leaf relative water content (RWC), impaired photosynthesis, disorganization of chloroplast structure, altered stomatal density and slower closure of stomata in response to drought in the mutant compared to the wild type parent cultivar Sebastian. Although the content of abscisic acid (ABA) and its derivatives remained unchanged in the mutant, significant differences in expression of genes related to ABA biosynthesis were observed. Moreover, hvd14.d was insensitive to ABA during seed germination. Analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana mutant atd14‐1 also demonstrated that mutation in the SL receptor resulted in increased sensitivity to drought. Our results indicate that the drought‐sensitive phenotype of barley SL mutant might be caused by a disturbed ABA metabolism and/or signalling pathways. These results together uncovered a link between SL signalling and ABA‐dependent drought stress response in barley.
Restoration for variability: emergence of the habitat diversity paradigm in terrestrial ecosystem restoration
Authors: Lengyel Szabolcs , Mester Béla , Szabolcs Márton , Szepesváry Csaba , Szabó Gyula , Polyák László , Boros Zoltán , Mizsei Edvárd , Málnás Kristóf , Mérő Thomas O. , Aradi Csaba
Published: June 2020

Ecosystem restoration implies focusing on multiple trophic levels and ecosystem functioning, yet higher trophic levels, that is, animals, are less frequently targeted by restoration than plants. Habitat diversity, the spatial heterogeneity between and within habitat patches in a landscape, is a well‐known driver of species diversity, and offers possible ways to increase species diversity at multiple trophic levels. We argue that habitat diversity is central in whole‐ecosystem restoration as we review its importance, provide a practical definition for its components, and propose ways to target it in restoration. Restoration targeting habitat diversity is used commonly in aquatic ecosystems, mostly to increase the physical diversity of habitats, meant to provide more niches available to a higher number of animal species. To facilitate the uptake of habitat diversity in terrestrial ecosystem restoration, we distinguish between compositional and structural habitat diversity, because different animal groups will respond to different aspects of habitat diversity. We also propose four methods to increase habitat diversity: varying the starting conditions to obtain divergent successional pathways, emulating natural disturbances, establishing keystone structures, and applying ecosystem engineer species. We provide two case studies to illustrate how these components and methods can be incorporated in restoration. We conclude that targeting habitat diversity is a promising way to restore habitats for a multitude of species of animals and plants, and that it should become mainstream in restoration ecology and practice. We encourage the restoration community to consider compositional and structural habitat diversity and to specifically target habitat diversity in ecosystem restoration.
Facies and sequence stratigraphic architecture of the Mural Limestone (Albian), Arizona: Carbonate response to global and local factors and implications for reservoir characterization
Authors: Aisner‐Williams Rachel , Kerans Charles
Published: June 2020

This study documents the detailed facies and sequence stratigraphic architecture of a multi‐cyclic patch‐reef and its associated ramp interior facies that formed during Oceanic Anoxic Event 1b in the Mural Limestone, Arizona, USA. Ramp interior facies are comprised of bedded wackestone/packstone, rudist build‐up and coral–algal patch‐reef facies located north of Bisbee, Arizona, at the Grassy Hill locality. The larger multi‐cyclic patch‐reef that developed coevallyca5 km to the south of Grassy Hill consists of a high‐angle windward margin with a narrowca70 m long reef frame containing vertically zonatedMicrosolena, Actinastrea, diverse branching coral and rudist assemblages, and an 870 m long low‐angle leeward margin comprised of reef debris rudstone and grainstone shoal facies. Similar reef geomorphology and orientation is documented across the Gulf of Mexico and reflects the shelf‐wide north to north‐east‐trending prevailing wind and current energies. Controls affecting reef formation and growth patterns include changes in accommodation space associated with low‐amplitude global sea‐level rise and regional thermotectonic subsidence, local accommodation space and nutrient fluctuations associated with the inner shelf depositional setting within a humid and siliciclastic‐rich environment. Four aggradational to retrogradational high‐frequency sequences are documented in Arizona: High‐frequency sequences 1 and 2 represent the first pulse of patch‐reef development in an overall second‐order marine transgression over the Sonora/Bisbee Shelf. These sequences correlate to δ13C signatures associated with Oceanic Anoxic Event 1b across the Gulf of Mexico and suggest that carbonate reefs persisted on the ramp interior during this time. High‐frequency sequences 3 and 4 record a second brief transgression and backstepping of reef facies followed by the final regression of shallow shelf carbonates that correlates to more robust patch‐reef development in Sonora, Mexico. The patch‐reef at Paul Spur is an excellent outcrop analogue for productive patch‐reefs in the Maverick Basin (Comanche Shelf) of Texas. Detailed facies mapping of this outcrop analogue shows that the greatest reservoir potential is contained within the backreef grainstone shoals where primary porosity of up to 15% is observed.
Mobile communication and refugees: An analytical review of academic literature
Authors: Alencar Amanda
Published: June 2020

Over the past decade, an expanding literature has explored the ways in which refugees rely on mobile communication technologies to stay in touch with a wider community and to access relevant information and services in their new places. Nevertheless, challenges linked to (a lack of) digital literacy and accessibility among refugees, and associated risks of technology use can negatively affect their empowerment and participation in a “mediatized” society. In light of the mutually shaping processes emerging between technology and society, this article provides an overview of studies focusing on the relationship between mobile communication practices and refugee lives under different circumstances. Using the concept of affordances as an analytic tool, this article looks into ways in which existing studies address the possibilities and vulnerabilities of mobile communications, the social conditions, and the agency of refugees in engaging with mobile technologies in the different temporal and spatial dimensions of their migration trajectories. Future studies should explore more collective processes and the power dynamics involved in the appropriation of mobile technologies by different migration actors.
Coronavirus disease 2019 in an orthotopic liver transplant recipient living with human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: Modi Anita R. , Koval Christine E. , Taege Alan J. , Modaresi Esfeh Jamak , Eghtesad Bijan , Narayanan Menon K. V. , Quintini Cristiano , Miller Charles
Published: June 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), mediated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), can manifest with flu‐like illness and severe pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Immunocompromised patients merit particular attention as altered host immunity may influence both disease severity and duration of viral shedding as is described with several other ribonucleic acid respiratory viruses. Yet immunocompromised status alone, in the absence of other comorbidities, may not necessarily predict severe illness presentations and poorer clinical outcomes as indicated by recent reports of COVID‐19‐infected solid organ transplant recipients and people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Such patients may even be spared the robust inflammatory response that precipitates ARDS associated with COVID‐19, complicating the management of iatrogenic immunosuppression in this setting. We present a case of an orthotopic liver transplant recipient with well‐controlled HIV who successfully recovered from a mild, flu‐like illness attributed to SARS‐CoV‐2.
Do GRE scores help predict getting a physics Ph.D.? A comment on a paper by Milleret al.
Authors: Weissman M. B.
Published: June 2020

AScience Advancespaper concluding that GREs do not predict who gets a physics Ph.D. raises many statistical questions.
β-arrestin-1 suppresses myogenic reprogramming of brown fat to maintain euglycemia
Authors: Pydi Sai P. , Jain Shanu , Barella Luiz F. , Zhu Lu , Sakamoto Wataru , Meister Jaroslawna , Wang Lei , Lu Huiyan , Cui Yinghong , Gavrilova Oksana , Wess Jürgen
Published: June 2020

Agents able to enhance the activity or levels of β-arrestin-1 in brown fat may prove useful as antidiabetic drugs.
Human interleukin-4–treated regulatory macrophages promote epithelial wound healing and reduce colitis in a mouse model
Authors: Jayme Timothy S. , Leung Gabriella , Wang Arthur , Workentine Matthew L. , Rajeev Sruthi , Shute Adam , Callejas Blanca E. , Mancini Nicole , Beck Paul L. , Panaccione Remo , McKay Derek M.
Published: June 2020

Human IL-4 macrophages promote epithelial wound recovery and suppress colitis, supporting their use as a cell therapy for IBD.
Soft and ion-conducting hydrogel artificial tongue for astringency perception
Authors: Yeom Jeonghee , Choe Ayoung , Lim Seongdong , Lee Youngsu , Na Sangyun , Ko Hyunhyub
Published: June 2020

Artificial tongue for astringency perception is demonstrated with a saliva-like chemiresistive ionic hydrogel.
Discovery of (meth)acrylate polymers that resist colonization by fungi associated with pathogenesis and biodeterioration
Authors: Vallieres Cindy , Hook Andrew L. , He Yinfeng , Crucitti Valentina Cuzzucoli , Figueredo Grazziela , Davies Catheryn R. , Burroughs Laurence , Winkler David A. , Wildman Ricky D. , Irvine Derek J. , Alexander Morgan R. , Avery Simon V.
Published: June 2020

Anti-attachment materials that are sprayable and 3D-printable passively prevent colonization by harmful fungi.
T cell engagement of cross-presenting microglia protects the brain from a nasal virus infection
Authors: Moseman E. Ashley , Blanchard Alexa C. , Nayak Debasis , McGavern Dorian B.
Published: June 2020

Microglia protect the brain from an intranasal VSV infection by cross-presenting neuronal antigen to antiviral CD8
+
T cells.
Inhibition of Bruton tyrosine kinase in patients with severe COVID-19
Authors: Roschewski Mark , Lionakis Michail S. , Sharman Jeff P. , Roswarski Joseph , Goy Andre , Monticelli M. Andrew , Roshon Michael , Wrzesinski Stephen H. , Desai Jigar V. , Zarakas Marissa A. , Collen Jacob , Rose Keith M. , Hamdy Ahmed , Izumi Raquel , Wright George W. , Chung Kevin K. , Baselga Jose , Staudt Louis M. , Wilson Wyndham H.
Published: June 2020

Acalabrutinib targets activated BTK in macrophages and was associated with reduced inflammation and clinical improvement in COVID-19.
Clinicopathological features of fast eGFR decliners among patients with diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Furuichi Kengo , Shimizu Miho , Yamanouchi Masayuki , Hoshino Junichi , Sakai Norihiko , Iwata Yasunori , Toyama Tadashi , Kitajima Shinji , Hara Akinori , Yuzawa Yukio , Kitamura Hiroshi , Suzuki Yoshiki , Sato Hiroshi , Uesugi Noriko , Ueda Yoshihiko , Nishi Shinichi , Nishino Tomoya , Samejima Kenichi , Kohagura Kentaro , Shibagaki Yugo , Makino Hirofumi , Matsuo Seiichi , Ubara Yoshifumi , Yokoyama Hitoshi , Wada Takashi
Published: June 2020

Introduction

The speed of declining kidney function differs among patients with diabetic nephropathy. This study was undertaken to clarify clinical and pathological features that affect the speed of declining kidney function in patients with diabetic nephropathy.

Research design and methods

This study was design as multicenter retrospective study. The subjects (377 patients with diabetic nephropathy diagnosed by kidney biopsy at 13 centers in Japan) were classified into three groups based on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) declining speed. The eGFR increasing group, the control group, and the eGFR declining group were divided at 0 and 5 mL/min/1.73 m2/year, respectively. Characteristics of clinicopathological findings of declining kidney function were evaluated.

Results

The mean observation period of this study was 6.9 years. The control group, the eGFR increasing group, and the eGFR declining group included 81, 66, and 230 patients, respectively. The incidences of composite kidney events represented by 100 persons/year were 25.8 in the eGFR declining group and 2.0 in the eGFR increasing group. After adjustment for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, hemoglobin, and urinary albumin levels, three clinicopathological findings (urinary albumin levels, presence of nodular lesion, and mesangiolysis) were risk factors for inclusion in the eGFR declining group (the ORs were 1.49, 2.18, and 2.08, respectively). In contrast, the presence of subendothelial space widening and polar vasculosis were characteristic findings for inclusion in the eGFR increasing group (the ORs were 0.53 and 0.41, respectively).

Conclusions

As well as urinary albumin elevation, nodular lesion and mesangiolysis were characteristic pathological features of patients with fast declining kidney function.
Prioritising the role of community health workers in the COVID-19 response
Authors: Ballard Madeleine , Bancroft Emily , Nesbit Josh , Johnson Ari , Holeman Isaac , Foth Jennifer , Rogers Debbie , Yang Jane , Nardella James , Olsen Helen , Raghavan Mallika , Panjabi Raj , Alban Rebecca , Malaba Serah , Christiansen Molly , Rapp Stephanie , Schechter Jennifer , Aylward Patrick , Rogers Ash , Sebisaho Jacques , Ako Clarise , Choudhury Nandini , Westgate Carey , Mbeya Julius , Schwarz Ryan , Bonds Matthew H , Adamjee Rehan , Bishop Julia , Yembrick Amanda , Flood David , McLaughlin Meg , Palazuelos Daniel
Published: June 2020

COVID-19 disproportionately affects the poor and vulnerable. Community health workers are poised to play a pivotal role in fighting the pandemic, especially in countries with less resilient health systems. Drawing from practitioner expertise across four WHO regions, this article outlines the targeted actions needed at different stages of the pandemic to achieve the following goals: (1) PROTECT healthcare workers, (2) INTERRUPT the virus, (3) MAINTAIN existing healthcare services while surging their capacity, and (4) SHIELD the most vulnerable from socioeconomic shocks. While decisive action must be taken now to blunt the impact of the pandemic in countries likely to be hit the hardest, many of the investments in the supply chain, compensation, dedicated supervision, continuous training and performance management necessary for rapid community response in a pandemic are the same as those required to achieve universal healthcare and prevent the next epidemic.
Income and housing satisfaction and their association with self-rated health in different life stages. A fixed effects analysis using a German panel study
Authors: Knöchelmann Anja , Seifert Nico , Günther Sebastian , Moor Irene , Richter Matthias
Published: June 2020

Objective

We aim to investigate the effect of income and housing satisfaction on self-rated health in different life stages.

Design

A population-based panel study (German Socio-Economic Panel).

Participants

The final sample consisted of 384 280 observations from 50 004 persons covering the period between 1994 and 2016.

Outcome measures

Average marginal effects were calculated based on fixed effects regressions to obtain the effect of changes in income and housing satisfaction on changes in self-rated health for each year of age. Self-rated health was assessed on a 5-point scale, with higher values indicating better health.

Results

Changes in income and housing satisfaction showed a small association with changes in self-rated health. The association was stronger for income, where it also varied considerably in different life stages. The average marginal effects for income satisfaction varied between 0.02 and 0.05 in men and 0.02 and 0.04 in women and peaked between the ages of 55–60. For housing satisfaction, average marginal effects ranged from 0.02 to 0.04 (men) and from 0.02 to 0.03 (women).

Conclusion

Higher satisfaction with housing and income was associated with better self-rated health. Therefore, studies on the social determinants of health should not only focus on objective material conditions but also on how individuals perceive and evaluate their situation.
Clostridial diseases in farm animals: 2. Histotoxic and neurotoxic diseases
Authors: Otter Arthur , Uzal Francisco A.
Published: June 2020

Background: Clostridia are widespread in the environment, and consequently there is the potential to cause diseases in all farm species, affecting animals at pasture and those that are housed. It is essential that clostridial diseases are considered by practitioners with farm animal clients and prevention strategies included in livestock health plans.

Aim of the article: This article, the second in a two‐part series on clostridial diseases in farm animals, discusses the range of histotoxic and neurotoxic clostridial diseases that is recognised in farm animals. The first part, which was published in the May issue of In Practice, reviewed clostridial enterotoxaemias caused by Clostridium perfringens, and other alimentary tract infections.
Circulating CD14highCD16lowintermediate blood monocytes as a biomarker of ascites immune status and ovarian cancer progression
Authors: Prat Mélissa , Le Naour Augustin , Coulson Kimberley , Lemée Fanny , Leray Hélène , Jacquemin Godefroy , Rahabi Mouna Chirine , Lemaitre Léa , Authier Hélène , Ferron Gwenaël , Barret Jean-Marc , Martinez Alejandra , Ayyoub Maha , Delord Jean-Pierre , Gladieff Laurence , Tabah-Fisch Isabelle , Prost Jean-François , Couderc Bettina , Coste Agnès
Published: June 2020

Background

Besides the interest of an early detection of ovarian cancer, there is an urgent need for new predictive and prognostic biomarkers of tumor development and cancer treatment. In healthy patients, circulating blood monocytes are typically subdivided into classical (85%), intermediate (5%) and non-classical (10%) populations. Although these circulating monocyte subsets have been suggested as biomarkers in several diseases, few studies have investigate their potential as a predictive signature for tumor immune status,tumor growth and treatment adaptation.

Methods

In this study, we used a homogeneous cohort of 28 chemotherapy-naïve patients with ovarian cancer to evaluate monocyte subsets as biomarkers of the ascites immunological status. We evaluated the correlations between circulating monocyte subsets and immune cells and tumor burden in peritoneal ascites. Moreover, to validate the use of circulating monocyte subsets tofollow tumor progression and treatment response, we characterized blood monocytes from ovarian cancer patients included in a phase 1 clinical trial at baseline and following murlentamab treatment.

Results

We demonstrate here a robust expansion of the intermediate blood monocytes (IBMs) in ovarian cancer patients. We establish a significant positive correlation between IBM percentage and tumor–associate macrophages with a CCR2high/CD163high/CD206high/CD86lowprofile. Moreover, IBM expansion is associated with a decreased effector/regulatory T-cell ratio in ascites and with the presence of soluble immunosuppressive mediators. We also establish that IBM proportion positively correlates with the peritoneum tumor burden. Finally, the study of IBMs in patients with ovarian cancer under immunotherapy during the phase clinical trial supports IBMs to follow the evolution of tumor development and the treatment adaptation.

Conclusions

This study, which links IBM level with immunosuppression and tumor burden in peritoneum, identifies IBMs as apotential predictive signature of ascites immune status and as a biomarker ofovarian cancer development and treatment response.

Trial registration number

EudraCT: 2015-004252-22NCT02978755.
Effects of preoperative chemotherapy on neuroblastoma withMYCNamplification: a surgeon’s perspective
Authors: Chui Chanhon
Published: June 2020

Background

Preoperative chemotherapy plays an important role in the surgical management of unresectable neuroblastoma. Its response to chemotherapy has been variable due to the tumor’s heterogeneity. We aimed to evaluate the effects of preoperative chemotherapy onMYCN-amplified (MYCNA) neuroblastoma that would impact on surgical resection.

Methods

Patients with MYCNA neuroblastoma who received preoperative chemotherapy followed by surgical resection performed at our center were included. The tools of response evaluated included tumor volume reduction (TVR), reduction in image-defined risk factors (IDRFs), percentage tumor necrosis (Nec), and surgical complications.

Results

Among 62 patients evaluated, mean age was 3.0 (range, 0.9–11.8) years, and primary tumors were distributed in the abdomen (n=59), pelvis (n=2), and thorax (n=1). The patients were in stages L2 (n=14) and M (n=48). Surgery was performed after median of 4 (range, 2–10) cycles of chemotherapy. On completion of preoperative chemotherapy, 41 (66.1%) patients had TVR >65%, 24 (42.9%) responded with reduced IDRFs, 47 (75.8%) tumors had Nec >50%, and 27 patients suffered 31 surgical complications. Majority (83.9%) continued to have IDRFs at surgery. IDRFs commonly encountered were encasement of renal pedicles (n=50), superior mesenteric artery (n=46), celiac axis (n=45), and aorta/vena cava (n=44), and most remained refractory to resolution. Patients with TVR >65% were associated with Nec >50% (87.5% vs 54.5%, p=0.004) and reduced IDRFs (46.3% vs 19%, p=0.035), but not with the incidence of surgical complications.

Conclusions

Majority of MYCNA neuroblastomas were highly chemosensitive as they experienced high TVR, reduced IDRFs, and high Nec, and hence created favorable conditions for surgical resection. Poor responders and persistent IDRFs that were commonly refractory to preoperative chemotherapy remained a surgical challenge.
Look both ways: factors affecting roadkill probability in Blue-black Grassquits (Volatinia jacarina)
Authors: Soares C.M. , Dias R.I.
Published: June 2020

The contribution of roads to human economic and social development contrasts with its impact on the environment and wildlife. One of the most significant impacts of roads is wildlife–vehicle collisions. Millions of individuals from numerous species are killed annually around the world. Here we investigated the spatial and temporal dynamics of road killing on a small neotropical bird, the Blue-black Grassquit (Volatinia jacarina (Linnaeus, 1766)). We used a data set of roadkill records collected between 2010 and 2015 to test the hypotheses that roadkills are concentrated during the breeding period of the species and that road features and weather conditions affect the likelihood of animal–vehicle collisions. We observed that the number of fatalities was temporally and spatially clustered. Roadkills were more frequent in warmer, rainy days with lower wind speed. Fatalities were more commonly associated with two-lane roads compared with dirt and four-lane roads. Given that Blue-black Grassquits are attracted to human-modified habitats, especially to artificial grasslands composed of exotic grasses usually found along the margins of roads, mitigation measures should focus on the management and control of grass populations. Roadside mowing may reduce areas where Blue-black Grassquits can establish territories, and consequently, reduce the activity of the species near roads.
In search of art: rapid estimates of gallery and museum visits using Google Trends
Authors: Botta Federico , Preis Tobias , Moat Helen Susannah
Published: June 2020

Measuring collective human behaviour has traditionally been a time-consuming and expensive process, impairing the speed at which data can be made available to decision makers in policy. Can data generated through widespread use of online services help provide faster insights? Here, we consider an example relating to policymaking for culture and the arts: publicly funded museums and galleries in the UK. We show that data onGooglesearches for museums and galleries can be used to generate estimates of their visitor numbers. Crucially, we find that these estimates can be generated faster than traditional measurements, thus offering policymakers early insights into changes in cultural participation supported by public funds. Our findings provide further evidence that data on our use of online services can help generate timely indicators of changes in society, so that decision makers can focus on the present rather than the past.
Automated MRI-Based Deep Learning Model for Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease Process
Authors: Feng Wei , Halm-Lutterodt Nicholas Van , Tang Hao , Mecum Andrew , Mesregah Mohamed Kamal , Ma Yuan , Li Haibin , Zhang Feng , Wu Zhiyuan , Yao Erlin , Guo Xiuhua
Published: June 2020

In the context of neuro-pathological disorders, neuroimaging has been widely accepted as a clinical tool for diagnosing patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The advanced deep learning method, a novel brain imaging technique, was applied in this study to evaluate its contribution to improving the diagnostic accuracy of AD. Three-dimensional convolutional neural networks (3D-CNNs) were applied with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to execute binary and ternary disease classification models. The dataset from the Alzheimer’s disease neuroimaging initiative (ADNI) was used to compare the deep learning performances across 3D-CNN, 3D-CNN-support vector machine (SVM) and two-dimensional (2D)-CNN models. The outcomes of accuracy with ternary classification for 2D-CNN, 3D-CNN and 3D-CNN-SVM were [Formula: see text]%, [Formula: see text]% and [Formula: see text]% respectively. The 3D-CNN-SVM yielded a ternary classification accuracy of 93.71%, 96.82% and 96.73% for NC, MCI and AD diagnoses, respectively. Furthermore, 3D-CNN-SVM showed the best performance for binary classification. Our study indicated that ‘NC versus MCI’ showed accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 98.90%, 98.90% and 98.80%; ‘NC versus AD’ showed accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 99.10%, 99.80% and 98.40%; and ‘MCI versus AD’ showed accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 89.40%, 86.70% and 84.00%, respectively. This study clearly demonstrates that 3D-CNN-SVM yields better performance with MRI compared to currently utilized deep learning methods. In addition, 3D-CNN-SVM proved to be efficient without having to manually perform any prior feature extraction and is totally independent of the variability of imaging protocols and scanners. This suggests that it can potentially be exploited by untrained operators and extended to virtual patient imaging data. Furthermore, owing to the safety, noninvasiveness and nonirradiative properties of the MRI modality, 3D-CNN-SMV may serve as an effective screening option for AD in the general population. This study holds value in distinguishing AD and MCI subjects from normal controls and to improve value-based care of patients in clinical practice.
On 3-dimensional homotopy quantum field theory III: Comparison of two approaches
Authors: Turaev Vladimir , Virelizier Alexis
Published: June 2020

Let [Formula: see text] be a discrete group and [Formula: see text] be an additive spherical [Formula: see text]-fusion category. We prove that the state sum 3-dimensional HQFT derived from [Formula: see text] is isomorphic to the surgery 3-dimensional HQFT derived from the [Formula: see text]-center of [Formula: see text].
Multistring based matrices
Authors: Freund David R.
Published: June 2020

A virtual[Formula: see text]-string is a chord diagram with [Formula: see text] core circles and a collection of arrows between core circles. We consider virtual [Formula: see text]-strings up to virtual homotopy, compositions of flat virtual Reidemeister moves on chord diagrams.

Given a virtual 1-string [Formula: see text], Turaev associated a based matrix that encodes invariants of the virtual homotopy class of [Formula: see text]. We generalize Turaev’s method to associate a multistring based matrix to a virtual [Formula: see text]-string, addressing an open problem of Turaev and constructing similar invariants for virtual homotopy classes of virtual [Formula: see text]-strings.
The strong nonsplit domination polynomial of some graphs
Authors: Kiruba Packiarani D. , Therese Sunitha Mary Y.
Published: June 2020

The strong nonsplit domination polynomial of a graph [Formula: see text] of order [Formula: see text] is the polynomial [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the number of strong nonsplit dominating sets of [Formula: see text] of size [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is the strong nonsplit domination number of [Formula: see text]. We obtain some properties of [Formula: see text] and its coefficients. Also, we compute the polynomial for some specific graphs.
Integrated Biophysical Modeling and Image Analysis: Application to Neuro-Oncology
Authors: Mang Andreas , Bakas Spyridon , Subramanian Shashank , Davatzikos Christos , Biros George
Published: June 2020

Central nervous system (CNS) tumors come with vastly heterogeneous histologic, molecular, and radiographic landscapes, rendering their precise characterization challenging. The rapidly growing fields of biophysical modeling and radiomics have shown promise in better characterizing the molecular, spatial, and temporal heterogeneity of tumors. Integrative analysis of CNS tumors, including clinically acquired multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and the inverse problem of calibrating biophysical models to mpMRI data, assists in identifying macroscopic quantifiable tumor patterns of invasion and proliferation, potentially leading to improved ( a) detection/segmentation of tumor subregions and ( b) computer-aided diagnostic/prognostic/predictive modeling. This article presents a summary of ( a) biophysical growth modeling and simulation,( b) inverse problems for model calibration, ( c) these models' integration with imaging workflows, and ( d) their application to clinically relevant studies. We anticipate that such quantitative integrative analysis may even be beneficial in a future revision of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification for CNS tumors, ultimately improving patient survival prospects.
Micromechanobiology: Focusing on the Cardiac Cell–Substrate Interface
Authors: Castillo Erica A. , Lane Kerry V. , Pruitt Beth L.
Published: June 2020

Engineered, in vitro cardiac cell and tissue systems provide test beds for the study of cardiac development, cellular disease processes, and drug responses in a dish. Much effort has focused on improving the structure and function of engineered cardiomyocytes and heart tissues. However, these parameters depend critically on signaling through the cellular microenvironment in terms of ligand composition, matrix stiffness, and substrate mechanical properties—that is, matrix micromechanobiology. To facilitate improvements to in vitro microenvironment design, we review how cardiomyocytes and their microenvironment change during development and disease in terms of integrin expression and extracellular matrix (ECM) composition. We also discuss strategies used to bind proteins to common mechanobiology platforms and describe important differences in binding strength to the substrate. Finally, we review example biomaterial approaches designed to support and probe cell–ECM interactions of cardiomyocytes in vitro, as well as open questions and challenges.
Bilateral Severely Stenotic Jugular Foramen: Diagnosis and Management from the Otologist/Neurotologist Point of View
Authors: Bento Raquel Acinho , Rodrigues David , Levy João , Eça Tiago , Oliveira Vitor , Luís Leonel
Published: June 2020

Bilateral jugular foramen stenosis with jugular bulb and vein aplasia is rare in nonsyndromic craniosynostosis and usually diagnosed during childhood. We present a case of bilateral jugular foramen stenosis with jugular bulb and vein aplasia, with subsequent persistence and enlargement of the fetal venous anastomosis in the middle and posterior cranial fossa, along with a review of the literature about this anatomical abnormality, highlighting the surgical challenges and management from the otologist/neurotologist point of view.
Expressions for the Autocorrelation Function and Power Spectral Density of BOC Modulation Based on Convolution Operation
Authors: Ma Jiangang , Yang Yikang , Li Hengnian , Li Jisheng
Published: June 2020

We present universal expressions for the autocorrelation functions (ACFs) of the Binary Offset Carrier (BOC), Multiplexed BOC (MBOC), and Alternative BOC (AltBOC) modulations based on convolution operations. We also derive the expressions for the power spectrum densities (PSDs) of these modulations using the Fourier transform of their ACFs. The results obtained in this contribution are useful for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signal simulation, performance evaluation, and high-performance acquisition and tracking algorithm design. The derivation methods of the expressions for the ACFs are common and can be used to derive expressions for the ACFs of other BOC-based modulations.
Inhibition of eIF2α Dephosphorylation Protects Hepatocytes from Apoptosis by Alleviating ER Stress in Acute Liver Injury
Authors: Tang Yong-Jing , Chen Huan , Yi Yu , Chen Gui-Mei , Yang Fang-Wan , Li Ying , Tian Ren-Dong , Huang Wen-Ge , Cheng Qi-Jiao , He Yi-Huai
Published: June 2020

Objectives. Protein kinase R‐like ER kinase (PERK)/eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) is an important factor along the main pathways for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress‐mediated apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the effects of eIF2α phosphorylation on hepatocyte apoptosis and the ER stress mechanisms in acute liver injury. Methods. eIF2α phosphorylation and apoptosis under ER stress were monitored and measured in male BALB/c mice with acute liver injury and human hepatocyte line LO2 cells. Results. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration triggered ER stress and hepatocyte apoptosis, as well as eIF2α phosphorylation in mice. Inhibition of eIF2α dephosphorylation, as the pretreatment with 4‐phenylbutyric acid (chemical chaperone, ER stress inhibitor), mitigated CCl4‐induced intrahepatic ER stress, apoptosis, and liver injury. In an ER stress model of LO2 cells induced by thapsigargin (disrupting ER calcium balance), inhibition of eIF2α dephosphorylation reduced ER stress and apoptosis, while PERK knockdown reduced eIF2α phosphorylation and exacerbated ER stress and apoptosis. Conclusions. eIF2α phosphorylation is one of the mechanisms employed by ER stress for restoring cellular homeostasis. Inhibition of eIF2α dephosphorylation mitigates hepatocyte apoptosis by alleviating ER stress in acute liver injuries.
Lianhua‐Qingwen Displays Antiviral and Anti‐Inflammatory Activity and Synergistic Effects with Oseltamivir against Influenza B Virus Infection in the Mouse Model
Authors: Yang Chunguang , Wang Yutao , He Jiayang , Yan Wen , Jiang Haiming , Chen Qiaolian , Li Li , Yang Zifeng
Published: June 2020

Influenza B virus (IBV) is one of the main pathogens of the annual influenza epidemic, and the disease burden is significant, especially among children and young teenagers. In this study, the antiviral and anti‐inflammatory effects of a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, the Lianhua‐Qingwen capsule, were evaluated. Our results showed that Lianhua‐Qingwen capsule can inhibit both Victoria and Yamagata lineages, and the 50% inhibitive concentrations ranged from 0.228 ± 0.150 to 0.754 ± 0.161 mg/mL. The time course results demonstrated that IBV yields were reduced with treatment at 0–4 h after infection, and the mechanistic research verified that Lianhua‐Qingwen capsule has hemagglutination inhibition activity against B/Guangzhou/0215/2012 but not A/California/04/2009. In addition to antiviral activity, Lianhua‐Qingwen capsule can also inhibit excessive expression of RANTES, IL‐6, IL‐8, IP‐10, TNF‐α, MCP‐1, MIP‐1β, and IFN‐λ at the mRNA level and prevent a severe inflammatory response. The in vivo results confirmed that orally administered Lianhua‐Qingwen capsule (100–400 mg/kg/day) does not reduce IBV‐induced lung viral load and mortality in mice. However, the pathological change in lungs was alleviated, and there were fewer inflammatory cells in the lungs of Lianhua‐Qingwen capsule treated mice than those in controls. Further research confirmed that the combination treatment of 200 mg/kg/day of Lianhua‐Qingwen capsule with 2 mg/kg/day of oseltamivir significantly reduced IBV infection over the individual administration of either alone in vivo. Our findings prove that Lianhua‐Qingwen capsule could be used as an assistant medicine to enhance the effect of oseltamivir against influenza B virus infection.
A Fixed-Point Theorem for Ordered Contraction-Type Decreasing Operators in Banach Space with Lattice Structure
Authors: Wang Chenguang , Mao Jinxiu , Zhao Zengqin
Published: June 2020

In this work, we mainly improve the results in Amini-Harandi and Emami (2010). By introducing a new kind of ordered contraction-type decreasing operator in Banach space, we obtain a unique fixed point by using the iterative algorithm. An example is also presented to illustrate the theorem.