bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of White Matter Hyperintensities on Baseline and Longitudinal Amyloid-β in Cognitively Normal Individuals
Authors: Wong Fennie Choy Chin ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Saffari Seyed Ehsan , Yatawara Chathuri , Ng Kok Pin , Kandiah Nagaendran
Published: September 2021

Background: The associations between small vessel disease (SVD) and cerebrospinal amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ1-42) pathology have not been well-elucidated. Objective: Baseline (BL) white matter hyperintensities (WMH) were examined for associations with month-24 (M24) and longitudinal Aβ1-42 change in cognitively normal (CN) subjects. The interaction of WMH and Aβ1-42 on memory and executive function were also examined. Methods: This study included 72 subjects from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Multivariable linear regression models evaluated associations between baseline WMH/intracranial volume ratio, M24 and change in Aβ1-42 over two years. Linear mixed effects models evaluated interactions between BL WMH/ICV and Aβ1-42 on memory and executive function. Results: Mean age of the subjects (Nmales = 36) = 73.80 years, SD = 6.73; mean education years = 17.1, SD = 2.4. BL WMH was significantly associated with M24 Aβ1-42 (p = 0.008) and two-year change in Aβ1-42 (p = 0.006). Interaction between higher WMH and lower Aβ1-42 at baseline was significantly associated with worse memory at baseline and M24 (p = 0.003). Conclusion: BL WMH was associated with M24 and longitudinal Aβ1-42 change in CN. The interaction between higher WMH and lower Aβ1-42 was associated with poorer memory. Since SVD is associated with longitudinal Aβ1-42 pathology, and the interaction of both factors is linked to poorer cognitive outcomes, the mitigation of SVD may be correlated with reduced amyloid pathology and milder cognitive deterioration in Alzheimer’s disease.
Assessment of Tau Pathology as Measured by 18F-THK5317 and 18F-Flortaucipir PET and Their Relation to Brain Atrophy and Cognition in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Colato Elisa ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Chiotis Konstantinos , Ferreira Daniel , Mazrina Mariam S. , Lemoine Laetitia , Mohanty Rosaleena , Westman Eric , Nordberg Agneta , Rodriguez-Vieitez Elena
Published: September 2021

Background: In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the abnormal aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau leads to synaptic dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Recently developed tau PET imaging tracers are candidate biomarkers for diagnosis and staging of AD. Objective: We aimed to investigate the discriminative ability of 18F-THK5317 and 18F-flortaucipir tracers and brain atrophy at different stages of AD, and their respective associations with cognition. Methods: Two cohorts, each including 29 participants (healthy controls [HC], prodromal AD, and AD dementia patients), underwent 18F-THK5317 or 18F-flortaucipir PET, T1-weighted MRI, and neuropsychological assessment. For each subject, we quantified regional 18F-THK5317 and 18F-flortaucipir uptake within six bilateral and two composite regions of interest. We assessed global brain atrophy for each individual by quantifying the brain volume index, a measure of brain volume-to-cerebrospinal fluid ratio. We then quantified the discriminative ability of regional 18F-THK5317, 18F-flortaucipir, and brain volume index between diagnostic groups, and their associations with cognition in patients. Results: Both 18F-THK5317 and 18F-flortaucipir outperformed global brain atrophy in discriminating between HC and both prodromal AD and AD dementia groups. 18F-THK5317 provided the highest discriminative ability between HC and prodromal AD groups. 18F-flortaucipir performed best at discriminating between prodromal and dementia stages of AD. Across all patients, both tau tracers were predictive of RAVL learning, but only 18F-flortaucipir predicted MMSE. Conclusion: Our results warrant further in vivo head-to-head and antemortem-postmortem evaluations. These validation studies are needed to select tracers with high clinical validity as biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis, and disease staging, which will facilitate their incorporation in clinical practice and therapeutic trials.
Optimization of conventional solid-liquid extraction and microwave-assisted extraction of polyphenols and antioxidant compounds of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) pomace through response surface methodology
Authors: Troncoso Mesa Sebastián , Flórez-Méndez Jennyfer , López Jéssica , Bustos Rubén
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: Blueberries contain large amounts of phenolic compounds as well as a higher concentration of anthocyanins than other berries. The peel of these fruits contains most of the anthocyanins and therefore pomace is left with the largest quantity of valuable phenolic compounds. Extraction is the most critical step to obtain such compounds. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to optimize the extraction of polyphenols and antioxidant compounds from blueberry pomace by solid-liquid extraction (SLE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). METHODS: A Pareto chart was used to confirm the factor with the highest impact, response surface for analyzing the effect of extraction conditions on total phenol content (TPC) (through Folin-Ciocalteu), total anthocyanin content (TAC) (through differential pH), antioxidant capacity (AC) (through DPPH assay) and the Box-Behnken matrix to determine the optimal conditions for marc extraction with each method. RESULTS: Ethanol concentration is an impact factor for both methods, as well as irradiation method, radiation power for MAE and temperature for SLE. Regarding SLE and MAE extraction, under optimal conditions, a TCP content of 335.95 and 426.19 (mg GAE/100 g), TAC 272.69 and 389.64 (mg Cyn-3-glu/100 g), and CA 528.96 and 654.11 (mg TE/100 g) was obtained, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The performance of phenolic compound extraction via MAE method is better than that of SLE.
Identification of R2R3-MYB gene family reveal candidate genes for anthocyanin biosynthesis in Lonicera caerulea fruit based on RNA-seq data
Authors: Gang Huixin , Zhang Qian , Chen Jing , Qin Dong , Huo Junwei
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: R2R3-MYB transcription factor (TF) family plays important roles in various biological processes in many plants, especially in the regulation of plant flavonoid accumulation. The fruit of Lonicera caerulea contains abundant anthocyanin. OBJECTIVE: The R2R3-MYB TF family was systematically analyzed according to the RNA-seq data, and the R2R3-MYB candidate genes that were involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in the fruit of Lonicera caerulea were screened. METHODS: The R2R3-MYB TFs in Lonicera caerulea were identified, and the physical and chemical properties, protein conserved sequence alignment and motifs of each R2R3-MYB TFs were analyzed using bioinformatics methods. The expression levels of these genes and anthocyanin levels in different tissues and different developmental stages of fruit were determined by RT-qPCR and pH shift method. RESULTS: A total of 59 genes encoding R2R3-MYB TFs in Lonicera caerulea were identified and clustered into 20 subgroups (C1 to C20) based on the relationship to AtR2R3-MYBs. Expression profiles showed that the expression of CL6086 and CL552 in fruit were higher than other tissues, and upregulated in the veraison fruit compared to the green ripe fruit. As the expression of the two genes was concurrent with the anthocyanin content, and showed high correlation with anthocyanin biosynthetic structural genes, they were considered as closely related to anthocyanin biosynthesis in the fruit. CONCLUSION: The results provide a systematic analysis of LcR2R3-MYBs, and the foundation for further molecular mechanisms research of anthocyanin biosynthesis regulated by R2R3-MYB in the fruit of Lonicera caerulea.
Analysis of minor vitamin E homologues in natural products
Authors: Beppu Fumiaki , Gotoh Naohiro
Published: September 2021

Fruits and seeds are naturally rich in antioxidants, which provide protection against UV light and oxygen. Vitamin E is a typical antioxidant, and offers radical scavenging activity to prevent the oxidation of the polyunsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes, contribute to homeostasis, and support the biological functions of animals and plants. Tocopherol and tocotrienol are forms of vitamin E widely found in natural products. In addition, recent studies have demonstrated the existence of minor homologues, namely tocomonoenol and tocodienol. The characteristic physiological functions of vitamin E homologues are dependent on their structure. Consequently, the nutritional functionality of the minor homologues has attracted much research interest, which relies on highly accurate analytical methods. This review aimed to summarize the literature concerning the diversity of tocomonoenol and tocodienol, as well as reports on the various methods for their analysis and detection in different sample matrices. This paper is expected to contribute to future exploratory research and the functional evaluation of minor homologues.
Uncertain max-autoregressive model with imprecise observations
Authors: Tang Han , Dalin
Published: September 2021

Uncertain time series analysis has been developed for studying the imprecise observations. In this paper, we propose a nonlinear model called uncertain max-autoregressive (UMAR) model. The unknown parameters in model are estimated by the least squares estimation. Then the residual analysis is presented. In many cases, there are some outliers in the time series due to short-term change in the underlying process. The UMAR model offers an alternative for detecting outliers in the imprecise observations. Based on the previous theoretical results, the UMAR model is used to forecast the future. Finally, an example suggests that the new proposed time series model works well compared to the uncertain autoregressive (UAR) model.
CPT-MABAC-Based multiple attribute group decision making method with probabilistic hesitant fuzzy information
Authors: Liao Ningna , Gao Hui , Wei Guiwu , Chen Xudong
Published: September 2021

Facing with a sea of fuzzy information, decision makers always feel it difficult to select the optimal alternatives. Probabilistic hesitant fuzzy sets (PHFs) utilize the possible numbers and the possible membership degrees to describe the behavior of the decision makers. though this environment has been introduced to solve problems using different methods, this circumstance can still be explored by using different method. This paper’ s aim is to develop the MABAC (Multi-Attributive Border Approximation area Comparison) decision-making method which based on cumulative prospect theory (CPT) in probabilistic hesitant fuzzy environment to handle multiple attributes group decision making (MAGDM) problems. Then the weighting vector of attributes can be calculated by the method of entropy. Then, in order to show the applicability of the proposed method, it is validated by a case study for buying a house. Finally, through comparing the outcome of comparative analysis, we conclude that this designed method is acceptable.
How to preserve healthy aging through nutritional strategies: The new approach of the Food Social Network (Food NET) project
Authors: De Giuseppe Rachele , Colleoni Matteo , Cremaschi Marco , Daconto Luca , Di Napoli Ilaria , Gallace Alberto , Guzzetti Lorenzo , Labra Massimo , Maurino Andrea , Tomasinelli Chiara Elena , Vincenti Alessandra , Zizzari Sara , Cena Hellas
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: Aging is a process that does not refer only to the accumulation of damage in a human being over time but rather to individual changes determined by genetic, lifestyle, social and environmental factors. Aging is one of the greatest known risk factors for most human diseases. An older person in good health has a good level of independence, weighs less on the national health system and plays a productive and active role in his/her community; thus, the concept of “healthy aging”, reflecting older adult-environment fit should be promoted. The interactions between lifestyle, including nutrition, and health play a fundamental role in the aging process; eating habits and eating behaviours are recognized as important modifiable factors potentially leading to a healthy “phenotype”. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: A multidisciplinary consortium with three Italian universities (the University of Milano-Bicocca, University of Pavia and University of Calabria) and Italian Small-Medium Enterprises proposed the Food Social Network (Food NET) project. Food NET overall outcome is to achieve target-specific guidelines and exact technologies for accessible functional foods, aimed at improving the quality of life and nutritional status of citizens (aged>65) of the Metropolitan City of Milan (Italy). CONCLUSIONS: This project is part of the “Smart Living” and food-related strategies aimed at responding to the needs of this target population, developing new food products, appropriate to meet the specific requirements and ensuring and promoting sustainable diets for healthy aging by effective food policy approaches.
Language performance within three months of early childhood traumatic brain injury
Authors: Cermak Carly A. , Scratch Shannon E. , Reed Nick P. , Beal Deryk S.
Published: September 2021

PURPOSE: To examine language outcomes in the short-term stage (i.e., within three months) of early childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS: A retrospective chart review over a 10-year period (January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2016) was completed at a single-site inpatient rehabilitation hospital. Inclusion criteria were children aged 15 months to five years 11 months with a diagnosis of closed TBI. RESULTS: Twenty-four charts were included in the descriptive analysis of language; there were fewer children with expressive language scores (n = 18) than receptive language scores (n = 24), likely due to word retrieval difficulties as per clinical documentation. Effects of TBI on language performance were more pronounced in receptive than expressive language. For children with scores in both receptive and expressive language areas (n = 18), five children had below average scores. These children were described as having language delays pre-injury (n = 2), lower exposure to English (n = 1), information processing difficulties (n = 1), and difficulties with formulation and organization of language (n = 1). CONCLUSION: This study represents an initial step in understanding expressive and receptive language performance shortly after early childhood TBI. Challenges with assessment as well as directions for future research are discussed.
Mood and aspect in Karang
Authors: Ubels Edward H.
Published: September 2021

The paper describes the formal and semantic properties of the mood and aspect categories of the Adamawa language, Karang. Three inherent aspect verb classes are established--events, processes, and states--on the basis of semantic and morphological distinctions. A fundamental opposition of the mood-aspect system is between factive and non-factive moods, which distinguish actual and potential situations. Non-factive mood is formally indicated by a high tone and subdivides into the categories subjunctive, predictive, and nonpredictive. Verbo-nominals are marked as non-factive. The formal categories of aspect are progressive, habitual, perfect, and nonperfect. When inherent and formal aspect categories with semantically contradictory components are combined, inherent aspect is overriden. The perfective meaning of the perfect category also overrides the imperfective meaning of the progressive.
Tone splitting and vowel quality evidence from Lugbara
Authors: Andersen Torben
Published: September 2021

In recent surveys of tonal phenomena it is suggested that vowel quality rarely affects tone. In the present paper it is argued that one such case can be found in Lugbara. Internal and comparative evidence is presented that the vowel feature Advanced Tongue Root (ATR) has had an initiating role in tone splitting in Western Lugbara. It is demonstrated tha.t the pitch of a vowel with a high tone was raised if the vowel was [+ATR], and it is suggested that the resulting tonal allophony was later phonemicized due to vowel merger and reduction or loss of segments.
Differences de comportement et rapports entre consonne finale de radical cvc et consonne initiale de suffixe en Moore
Authors: Nikiema Norbert
Published: September 2021

Cette etude etablit l'existence de radicaux CVC en moore, langue gur du Burkina, en examinant les nombreux processus morphonologiques qui met tent en evidenceles differences de comportement et les rapports entre consonne finale de radical et consonne suffixale. Elle montre egalement que "l'hypothese de radicaux exclusivement CV avancee par Kabore [1980] ne conduit qu'a des impasses en meme temps qu'elle est contredite pas les faits de typologie des langues africaines a lexemes CV.
Focus in Oromo
Authors: Yimam Baye
Published: September 2021

This paper attempts to describe focused structures in Dromo in light of the generative framework of Chomsky [1976, 1981, 1986] and Williams [1977]. The framework recognizes two levels of grammar: sentence and discourse. Focus is believed to be part of the latter.Three types of focus have been identified in relation to the four major syntactic categories of the language. In NP's the feature is realized as /-tu/, in VPs as /hin-/, and in PP's as /-da/. These elements are not part of the inflectional or derivational morphology of the language. Adjectives use prosodic or structural devices when focused. The structural device is clefting, which the other categories also employ in addition to the elements mentioned above.
Acoustic cues for the perception of tones of disyllabic nouns in Edo
Authors: Omozuwa Victor E.
Published: September 2021

Most studies on speech perception, with particular reference to the perception of tones, explained this phenomenon mainly from the auditory point of view. Many questions were therefore left unanswered with regard to the mechanisms involved in the perception of tone. This paper attempts to explain this phenomenon from an acoutic standpoint using recorded disyllabic Edo nouns. It reveals in particular that certain acoustic cues are indispensable for an Edo speaker/hearer in the perception of tones of disylabic nouns, the fonn and the direction of change of F0 variation being the most important. F0 is realized in different ways for a given speaker depeinding on the tone pattern as well as the frequency zone characteristic of each of the two basic tonemes, High and Low.
Dogon pronominal systems their nature and evolution
Authors: Culy Cristopher , Kodio Kungarma
Published: September 2021

The Dogon language family has received little attention in the linguistics literature to date. In this paper we examine the binding properties of the pronominal systems of three Dogon languages, Donno S:>, T:>r:> S:>, and Togo Ka. We also posit the pronominal system of their common ancestor, and the changes from the common ancestor to the contemporary languages. In doing so, we find two ways in which languages can lose logophoricity: (1) the logophoric pronoun becomes a subject oriented reflexive, and (2) the logophoric pronoun is lost without any reflex. The Dogon languages thus give us insight into the nature of pronominal systems and how they evolve.
The marking of grammatical relations in Swahili
Authors: Bentley Mayrene
Published: September 2021

This paper investigates the place of Swahili within a typological classification based on the morphological marking of grammatical relations as proposed by Nichols [1986]. Within Nichols' classification, Bantu languages are considered to be "split-marked" because the grammatical marking of a member of a clausal constituent is on the head while, in a phrase, the marking is on the dependent member. Although select clauses and phrases from Swahili support Nichols' claim, a closer examination of the data reveals an interesting variety of morphosyntactic marking in Swahili as well as in two other Bantu languages, Kikuyu and Chewa. Function words playa key role in marking genitive, instrumental, and locative relations in these languages. Function words also regularly occur as markers of object noun phrases with animate referents. Moreover, instrumental, locative, applicative, and some accusative relations in Swahili show considerable flexibility with respect to head- and non-head-marking.
La reconstruction de quelques mots pour mortier en domaine Bantou
Authors: Bulkens Annelies
Published: September 2021

This article proposes reconstructions of words for "mortar" in Bantu languages. Comparative research indicates that a nominal stem of the type *-du - -nu can be reconstructed on a Proto-Bantu level; however, data from related non-narrow Bantu languages seem to indicate greater historical depth. In the eastern Bantu languages, a second nominal stem, O-tode, is reconstructed. It appears to be closely related to the geographical distribution of a cereal in south-eastern Africa. Finally, two other regional stems with less historical depth are reconstructed for the Great Lakes area and the central African forest region, respectively.
Aspects of the phonology of labial-velar stops
Authors: Cahill Michael
Published: September 2021

Phonological patterns of labial-velar stops [kp, gb] are distinctively different from other consonants in their distribution and participation in phonological processes. A summary of cross-linguistic (> 80 languages) patterns of labial-velars includes phonemic inventories, co-occurrence patterns with vowels and consonants, and phonological processes that involve labial-velars. To explain these patterns, phonetic distinctives of labial-velars are presented, as well as the historical development of labial-velars. Feature Geometry and Articulatory Phonology are shown to account for some patterns. The conclusion drawn is that some patterns are best explained by diachronic factors, and there is no single current phonological theory that adequately accounts for all the other patterns.
Vowel harmony in Gunu
Authors: Hyman Larry M.
Published: September 2021

The vowel harmony systems of the Bantu A.60 languages of Cameroon provide an extraordinary wealth of uncommon properties not yet exploited by linguistic theory. In this paper, the author focuses on one variant of the Yambasa cluster, Gunu A.62a, as described by Ambadian [1990, 1991], Orwig [1989], Quilis et al [1990], and Robinson [1979, 1983]. An analysis of long-distance ATR and rounding harmonies in Gunu is presented in terms of the privative features ATR, Front, Round, and Open. Both the featural representations and their "direct mapping" onto outputs account for the derivational opacity as well as transparency of front vowels to Round harmony.
Vowel harmony and vowel merger in Agoi
Authors: Yul-Ifode Shirley
Published: September 2021

This paper describes the vowel harmony system and patterns of vowel merger in Agoi, an Upper Cross language. Data indicate that a once fully operative system of vowel harmony has now been generally restricted to the non-high vowels, with a few residual instances of II u/-determined harmony. The evolution of this change is described.
The Nilo-Saharan background of Chadic
Authors: Ehret Christopher
Published: September 2021

No abstract is available for SAL supplements.
Changes in folktale socialization in an urban Fulbe community
Authors: Moore Leslie C.
Published: September 2021

No abstract is available for SAL supplements.
Noun phrase and clausal connectives in Akan
Authors: Amfo Nana Aba
Published: September 2021

This paper explores the semantics and pragmatics of noun phrase and clausal connectives in Akan (Niger-Congo, Kwa branch), highlighting dialectal variation. In Fante, noun phrases may be conjoined by nye which encodes comitativity, or na, which is underdetermined between comitative and coordinative meanings. Asante, on the other hand, uses the underdetermined noun phrase connective ne. The interlocutor in Asante thus relies on contextual information to determine the intended interpretation. Clausal conjunction in both dialects is performed by na, but a temporal marker can be aptly used in certain contexts as an alternative to the clausal connective. This situation, where the temporal marker functions as a clausal connective, is more general in Fante where the temporal marker is even used in certain contrastive contexts. This phenomenon demonstrates the close conceptual affinity between temporal markers and clausal coordinators.
The verbal morphology and phonology of Asante Twi
Authors: Paster Mary
Published: September 2021

This paper presents an analysis of the verbal morphology and associated phonological processes in Asante Twi, a member of the Akan group of languages/dialects spoken in Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire, which belongs to the Nyo subgroup of the Kwa language family (Lewis 2009). There has been considerable interest in Akan in the theoretical literature, largely due to some peculiarities in the tense/aspect system which will be addressed later in this paper. However, the verbal morphology and phonology have been given relatively little attention. In this paper I show that the verbal morphology exhibits a number of interesting properties including tonal marking of tense/aspect categories – the latter having been largely ignored or misrepresented in the previous literature.
From Elmolo to Gura Pau: A remembered Cushitic language of Lake Turkana and its possible revitalization
Authors: Tosco Mauro
Published: September 2021

This article discusses the “extinct” Elmolo language of the Lake Turkana area in Kenya. A surprisingly large amount of the vocabulary of this Cushitic language (whose community shifted to Nilotic Samburu in the 20th century), far from being lost and forgotten, is still known and is, to a certain extent, still used. The Cushitic material contains both specialized vocabulary (for the most part related to fishing) and miscellaneous and general words, mostly basic lexicon. It is this part of the lexicon that is the basis of recent revitalization efforts currently undertaken by the community in response to the changing political situation in the area. The article describes the Cushitic material still found among the Elmolo and discusses the current revitalization efforts (in which the author has, albeit marginally, taken part), pinpointing its difficulties and uncertain results. The article is followed by a glossary listing all the Cushitic words still in use or remembered by at least a part of the community.
Conditional constructions in African languages
Authors: Nicolle Steve
Published: September 2021

This paper serves as an introduction to the special issue of Studies in African Linguistics devoted to conditional constructions in African languages. I first describe the motivation for this volume and the common terminological conventions used in the papers, before discussing some of the more influential attempts to categorize conditional constructions together with some of the functions of conditional constructions. I then present an overview of conditional constructions in African languages, noting the various kinds of conditional meanings that are distinguished grammatically in different languages, and types of isomorphism between conditional constructions and other categories. I conclude with a note on concessive conditionals.
Conditionals in Tuwuli
Authors: Harley Matthew
Published: September 2021

This article examines the forms and functions of conditional clauses in Tuwuli, a Kwa language spoken in South-Eastern Ghana. It reveals how the traditional categories of conditionals (e.g. hypothetical, counterfactual, concessive) do not match up very well with the formal categories found in Tuwuli, and attempts to provide semantic characterisations for each distinct construction. The article also investigates the distribution and functions of conditional clauses in Tuwuli discourse, showing how some text types and genres use conditionals much more than others, and in some cases, for quite distinct purposes.
The development of subject case marking in Omotic Mao
Authors: Ahland Michael
Published: September 2021

The Mao subgroup of the Omotic family shows various degrees of development of morphological subject case marking which results from largely internal, but very similar historical pathways across the group. These different patterns find their source in an older prenominal demonstrative + NP + bound postnominal form construction; in this construction the bound postnominal form of this construction is itself related to (and often reduced from) the corresponding prenominal demonstrative.  Evidence of such a construction is found in each of the four Mao languages but in only three of the languages has the construction become clearly associated with marking grammatical subjects. The pathway toward subject case marking appears to have begun with the demonstrative construction becoming associated with topical referents in discourse. In three of the four Mao languages, the prenominal demonstrative then became associated with definiteness (a typologically common development from topic-marking devices); in those same three languages the frequent co-association between topics and grammatical subjects led to the postnominal form developing subject case marking status. The prenominal definite marker (the erstwhile demonstrative) eventually became emancipated from the postnominal case marker to various degrees across the Mao group. The degree to which subject-development and emancipation between the prenominal and postnominal portions of this demonstrative construction has become established in each of the languages has led to the diverse patterns across the subgroup.
Dominance-as-markedness
Authors: Hout Katherine
Published: September 2021

This paper examines a formal consequence of the assumption that dominance is equivalent to markedness (Casali 2016): if dominant ATR values are marked and therefore specified, while recessive values are unmarked and unspecified, then no phonological process in a language with ATR dominance should require reference to the recessive value. This claim is examined in light of new data and analyses of ATR harmony and three other vowel assimilation patterns in Bari (Eastern Nilotic; BFA). I demonstrate that all four of these processes are analyzable without reference to the recessive value of ATR, supporting the characterization of dominance as markedness, and markedness as specification
Bimbingan Islami dalam Mengatasi Perilaku Bully
Authors: Syahreny Nova , Samsuar  , Pohan Rizky Andana
Published: September 2021

Bullying is a behavior of intolerance to differences and freedom. In Islam, it is strictly forbidden and strongly discourages the condescension of others. Islamic Guidance is the activity of providing assistance to individuals and groups continuously and systematically to solve problems in his life in accordance with the provisions of Allah SWT which is guided by the Qur'an and Hadith, so that they can achieve happiness later. Islamic guidance is very important in dealing with bullying that occurs to create quality students. This type of research is qualitative research, research data sources are classified as primary data and secondary data. Data collection tools and techniques used were interview, observation and documentation. The results showed that Islamic guidance for students in the Tazkiah Langsa Integrated Islamic Elementary School, was a systematic assistance in solving problems surrounding bully behavior in schools.
Layanan Informasi Berbasis Pohon Karier untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Perencanaan Karier Siswa
Authors: Lestari Sukma Gita , Ramtia Darma Putri  , Nurlela
Published: September 2021

Problems that are often encountered in career planning are students who choose the wrong career because they are forced to follow the wishes of their parents so that careers that are in accordance with the child's wishes, talents, and abilities are ignored. The intervention of parents who tend to dominate their desires in children's studies is considered the right decision, while children are considered still unable to determine attitudes and make decisions to plan their careers. Some of the difficulties that arise during the job search process often occur because individuals do not have a clear career planning direction. In addition, job providers are also more selective in finding and selecting prospective employees. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the use of career tree-based information services can improve students' understanding of career planning or not. This study uses quantitative research with a Quasi-Experimental design experimental research method. The Quasi-Experimental form used in this study is the Pretest Posttest Group Design with a sample of 35 people. The instrument used in this study used a Likert scale model. The results showed that career tree-based information services can improve students' understanding of career plans. Students can understand clearly and with a strong passion to determine their own career by referring to various information obtained through the career
Effect of Fungus-Growing Termite on Soil CO2 Emission at Termitaria Scale in Dry Evergreen Forest, Thailand
Authors:   Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand, Boonriam Warin , Suwanwaree Pongthep ,   School of Biology, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand, Hasin Sasitorn ,   Innovation of Environmental Management, College of Innovative Management, Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University under the Royal Patronage, Pathum Thani 13180, Thailand, Chanonmuang Phuvasa ,   Expert Centre of Innovation Clean Energy and Environment, Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research,  Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand, Archawakom Taksin ,   Sakaerat Environmental Research Station, Nakhon Ratchasima 30370, Thailand, Yamada Akinori ,   Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
Published: September 2021

Termites are one of the major contributors to high spatial variability in soil respiration. Although epigeal termite mounds are considered as a point of high CO2 effluxes, the patterns of mound CO2 effluxes are different, especially the mound of fungus-growing termites in a tropical forest. This study quantified the effects of a fungus-growing termite (Macrotermes carbonarius) associated with soil CO2 emission by considering their nesting pattern in dry evergreen forest, Thailand. A total of six mounds of M. carbonarius were measured for CO2 efflux rates on their mounds and surrounding soils in dry and wet seasons. Also, measurement points were investigated for the active underground passages at the top 10% of among efflux rates. The mean rate of CO2 emission from termitaria of M. carbonarius was 7.66 µmol CO2/m2/s, consisting of 2.94 and 9.11 µmol CO2/m2/s from their above mound and underground passages (the rate reached up to 50.00 µmol CO2/m2/s), respectively. While the CO2 emission rate from the surrounding soil alone was 6.86 µmol CO2/m2/s. The results showed that the termitaria of M. carbonarius contributed 8.4% to soil respiration at the termitaria scale. The study suggests that fungus-growing termites cause a local and strong variation in soil respiration through underground passages radiating out from the mounds in dry evergreen forest.
Higher Education, Exclusion, and Belonging
Authors: Weng Enqi , Halafoff Anna , Barton Greg , Smith Geraldine
Published: September 2021

Generations of migrants from Asia since the 1800s have endured challenges in locating their place and belonging in Australia due to systemic racism and discrimination against the cultural and religious ‘other’. These persistent issues have intensified during the pandemic, especially towards Chinese communities, including international students. This paper investigates the impact of the pandemic on Chinese, Indian and Russian international students in Australia. It reveals how, throughout the first year of the pandemic, international student, ethnic and religious community organizations implemented multiple and overlapping coping strategies to assist international students in Australia, who had been left vulnerable by a lack of government support and escalating geopolitical tensions in the Asia-Pacific region. By highlighting the religious dimensions of these strategies of connectedness and belonging, it contributes new insights in an under-explored aspect in studies on international students in Australia, pointing the way for further investigation.
Cognición epistémica y comprensión de múltiples documentos: Descripción de las representaciones de estudiantes de nivel secundario desde un modelo multidimensional
Authors: Berríos Molina Carlos
Published: September 2021

Vivimos en una sociedad donde podemos acceder a múltiples documentos presionando sólo un botón. Este es un escenario epistémico complejo, ya que, así como podemos beneficiarnos de este fenómeno logrando aprendizajes profundos mediante la comprensión de múltiples documentos, también debemos reconocer que muchos de ellos son de mala calidad. En este sentido, la cognición epistémica aparece como un aspecto del desarrollo cognitivo, afectivo-motivacional y ético que orienta el pensamiento de las personas. En este estudio de carácter descriptivo-exploratorio, se identifican categorías y dimensiones de la cognición epistémica en un grupo de estudiantes y se describen en función de una actividad relacionada con la comprensión de múltiples documentos.
IMPLEMENTASI PAVING BLOK BERBAHAN SAMPAH PLASTIK DALAM MENGURANGI PENCEMARAN DAN PENINGKATAN PEMAHAMAN LINGKUNGAN PADA PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Singkam Abdul Rahman , Jumiarni Dewi , Ghofur Befri Ahmad Abdul , Ridwan Muhamad , Sari Hefni Dwika , Martias Angga
Published: September 2021

Sampah plastik telah menjadi isu prioritas dunia saat ini. Penggunaan yang masif namun sulit terurai, telah membuat plastik menjadi bahan pencemar utama di darat dan di perairan. Pada kegiatan pengabdian ini kami mengonversi sampah plastik menjadi paving blok sebagai upaya mengurangi pencemaran, dan meningkatkan pemahaman lingkungan pada peserta didik kelas X. Ujicoba pembuatan paving blok ini dilakukan di Kebun Biologi FKIP UNIB, uji daya tekan dilakukan di Fakultas Teknik UNIB, sedangkan praktek konversi dalam kegiatan pembelajaran dilakukan di Madrasah Aliyah Darussalam Kepahiang. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa paving blok berbahan plastik memiliki kekuatan tekan yang tidak berbeda dengan paving blok berbahan semen, yaitu 168+10 kg/cm2 berbanding 183 kg/cm2. Konversi menjadi paving blok sangat efektif dalam mengurangi pencemaran sampah plastik di lingkungan karena setiap satu paving blok bervolume + 45 cm3 mampu memerangkap hingga 750 gram sampah plastik. Hasil angket menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan pengelolaan sampah plastik peserta didik mengalami peningkatan sebesar + 34% untuk setiap indikator setelah kegiatan pengabdian. Pada skala yang lebih luas, 89% peserta didik juga menyatakan kegiatan pengabdian ini dapat menambah pemahaman dan wawasan mereka tentang pengelolaan sampah plastik.
ANTICYCLONES AND EXTREME AIR TEMPERATURE IN THE BLACK SEA-MEDITERRANEAN REGION
Authors:   Institute of natural and technical systems, Voskresenskaya E.N. , Suhonos O.Y. ,   Institute of natural and technical systems
Published: September 2021

Монография представляет собой обобщенное представление об антициклонах и экстремальной температуре воздуха в регионах Черного и Средиземного морей. Основное внимание уделено климатическим оценкам параметров антициклонов и температурных экстремумов, включая тенденции изменений за долговременный период, установлению закономерностей изменений анализируемых климатических характеристик под влиянием крупномасштабных процессов в системе океан-атмосфера. Монография рассчитана на научных сотрудников, аспирантов, студентов, специализирующихся в области климатологии. В представленном исследовании частично отражены результаты, полученные в рамках гранта РФФИ и г. Севастополь № 20-45-920015.
Three-dimensional Discrete Element Simulation of Interaction between Aqueduct and Tunnel
Authors: Sarfarazi Vahab , Haeri Hadi , Asgari Kaveh
Published: September 2021

In this investigation the effect of interaction between aqueduct and tunnel on the ground settlement has been examined using PFC3D. At first, the calibration of PFC3D was conducted based on UCS test results rendered from three different ground layer. Then intact model with dimension of 70 m × 20 m × 34.5 m (x × y × z) was built. These models are consisted of 8 layers with different mechanical and geometrical properties. Four different configurations for aqueduct were created in four models. Diameter of aqueduct was 2 m and its depth was different in four models. After aqueduct generation, tunnel with diameter of 9 m and length of 20 m was drilled in depth of 22 m. After tunnel drilling, the settlement data of ground surface were picked up. After tunnel simulation, the effect of support lining was investigated on the ground settlement. For this purpose, after each step of tunnel drilling, lining support with diameter of 35 cm was performed. The results show that the maximum value of settlement occurred when aqueduct reach to head of tunnel. Also the safety has maximum value when the distance between aqueduct and tunnel wall was 4.5 m. the ground settlement before and after support lining shows that ground settlement reach to zero by support application.
ВІД МАЛЕНЬКОЇ ДІВЧИНКИ ДО СПРАВЖНЬОЇ ФРАУ: ЕТАПИ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ НІМЕЦЬКОЇ ЖІНКИ В ТОТАЛІТАРНОМУ СУСПІЛЬСТВІ ТРЕТЬОГО РАЙХУ (АНТИСЕМІТСЬКИЙ АСПЕКТ)
Authors: Davlietov Oleksandr
Published: September 2021

Мета дослідження полягає в розкритті концепції нацистського виховання молоді, викладеної Адольфом Гітлером у його програмному творі – книзі «Моя боротьба», що у ХХ ст. стала своєрідною «Біблією нацизму» та була втілена в повсякденне життя Німеччини у 1933–1945 рр.; а також виявленні особливостей процесу зародження націонал-соціалістичної молодіжної організації на теренах Веймарської республіки та Третього райху щодо німецьких дівчат та жінок.Наукова новизна: Автором висвітлюються маловідомі сторінки історії молодіжної політики НСДАП у 1922–1945 рр.; простежено основні етапи становлення німецької жінки в тоталітарному суспільстві нацистської держави з акцентом на антисемітському аспекті.Висновки: Загалом, протягом 1932–1936 рр. під егідою Бальдура фон Шираха «Гітлерюгенду» вдалося досягти цілей, поставлених лідером НСДАП: усі основні німецькі молодіжні організації були або ліквідовані, або асимільовані; «Гітлерюгенд» стала єдиною молодіжною організацією Третього райху; було прибрано до рук майно та функції державних установ,  які працювали з молоддю за часів Веймарської Німеччини (1919–1933); відбулося створення нової організаційної структури тоталітарної форми. «Ідеальна німецька жінка» повинна була відповідати ідеологічним принципам, які є чотирма принципами «К» – Кіндер, Кірхе, Кюхе, Клейдунг (діти, церква, кухня, одяг), і які були актуальними в Німеччині ще до диктатури Адольфа Гітлера.
EFFECTS OF THE CONTEXT-BASED APPROACH ON STUDENTS' CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING: “THE UMBRA, THE SOLAR ECLIPSE AND THE LUNAR ECLIPSE”
Authors: Karslı Fethiye , Patan Kadriye Kara
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of context-based learning approach (CBLA) on 5th grade students’ misconceptions about ‘the umbra, solar and lunar eclipses’. In this study, a quasi-experimental methodology pre-test and post-test design was utilized with control and experimental groups. The study was conducted with 48 5th grade students (aged 10 to 11 years). For the experimental group, the topics were explained using the CBLA while for the control group the 5E teaching model of the constructivist approach was used. For data collection, a two-tier conceptual test and a semi-structured interview were used. Study results indicated that the learning environment designed in accordance with the CBLA was a superior instructional tool than the 5E teaching model learning environment in terms of students' conceptual learning performance and eliminating students' misconceptions. In addition, CBLA helped students to link between the scientific concepts and the context related to the daily life. Key words: context-based learning approach, conceptual understanding, umbra, lunar and solar eclipses.
Afyonkarahisar İlindeki Altı Okulda Bulunan 1930-1940 ve 2000-2010 Yıllarına Ait Teftiş Raporlarına Göre İlköğretimde Öğrenci Sorunları ve Çözüm Önerileri
Authors: Şimşek Muzaffer
Published: September 2021

Bu araştırmada, Afyonkarahisar ili ilköğretim okullarının 1930-1940 ve 2000-2010 yıllarına ait teftiş raporlarına göre Türkiye Cumhuriyetinin kuruluş yılları ile 2000- 2010 yılları arasında okul denetimlerine yansıyan bulguların karşılaştırılarak her iki dönem arasındaki öğrenci sorunlarında benzerlik ve farklılıkların saptanması amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma ilköğretim müfettişlerinin rehberlik ve teftiş sonrası yazdıkları raporlara dayanmaktadır. Bu teftiş raporları, ilköğretimin sorunlarını ve dönemlerdeki öğrenci durumlarını belirlemeye yöneliktir. Araştırma, bir durum çalışması olarak tasarlanmıştır. Veriler, altı okuldan elde edilen teftiş raporlarının doküman analizine tabi tutulması ile elde edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, 2000-2010 döneminde sistemin, ders programları ve belirlenen eğitim hedefleri açısından öğrencilerden yaşları üzerinde beklentisinin olduğu görülmektedir. İlköğretim çağındaki çocuklara yönelik olarak 1930-1940 döneminde özen gösterilen vatandaşlık bilgisi yerine 2000-2010 yılları arasında daha fazla akademik bilgi yüklendiği sezilmektedir. Öte yandan, disiplin olaylarında yıllar ilerledikçe öğrencilere yönelik olarak daha ağır cezaların mevzuatta yer aldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Mekanik İtaat ve Bilinçli Uyum İkileminde Yönetimsel Disiplin Olgusuna İlişkin Bir Araştırma: Ortaokullar Örneği
Authors: Karabay Aydın , Akgündüz Hasan
Published: September 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı; ortaokul öğretmenlerinin ve okul yöneticilerinin mekanik itaat ve bilinçli uyum ikileminde yönetimsel disiplin olgusuna ilişkin düşüncelerini betimlemektir. Araştırma nitel yaklaşımlardan fenomenoloji deseninde yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu ortaokul yöneticileri ve ortaokul öğretmenlerinden seçilen toplam 29 kişi oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma grubu, veri toplama aşamasında Covid-19’un ortaya çıkması sonucu kolay ulaşılabilir durum örneklemesi yöntemi ve kartopu örnekleme yöntemleriyle oluşturulmuştur. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanmış yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi için içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen sonuçlara göre okul yöneticileri ve öğretmenler -her ne kadar mekanik itaat temelli yönetim anlayışları insanı nesneleştirse de- bu anlayışların kullanılmadığı durumlarda kaos ve disiplinsizliğin ortaya çıkacağını belirtmişlerdir. Bir başka bulguya göre öğretmenler yönetimsel bağlamda özellikle adalet ve eşitlik sağlanması gerektiğini vurgulamışlardır. Araştırma sonunda uygulayıcılara öğretmenlerin yöneticilerden beklentileri üzerine adil ve eşit bir yönetim anlayışı geliştirmeleri önerilmiştir.
Transformational Leadership Job Satisfaction’s Relationship with Innovativeness in Elementary Schools
Authors: Çobanoğlu Necati
Published: September 2021

Situations that are changing over time force organizations to change just as they force individuals. Transformational leaders are needed for the changes to be made in organizations in a time and in a required way. Transformational leaders provide the change needed by organizations while having various effects on the employees. This study aims to examine the effect of transformational leadership on teachers' job satisfaction and innovative behavior. The research is a study based on a correlational survey model. The data of the research were collected in official elementary schools in the province of Malatya in 2020-2021 academic year. Correlation analysis and structural equation modelling were used to analyze the data. According to the results of the study, there is a positive, significant and moderate relationship between the principal's transformational leadership and teachers' job satisfaction and innovative behavior. Moreover, transformational leadership predicts teachers' job satisfaction and innovative behavior.