bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Socio-Spatial Concerns in Urban Mobility Planning: Insights from Competing Policies in Quito
Authors: Vecchio Giovanni , Porreca Riccardo , Jácome Rivera Daniela
Published: April 2020

Socio-spatial concerns are gaining increasing attention in the design of interventions for urban mobility. This is especially true in contexts traditionally characterized by structural inequality and high levels of poverty, in which transport can be a decisive contributor to development thanks to its contribution to a higher social inclusion. Amongst them, Latin America has emerged as a significant laboratory for urban and transport policy due not only to its socioeconomic conditions but also to the implementation of different mobility strategies based on the construction of traditional and innovative infrastructures such as subways and bus rapid transit (BRT) systems. These two transport systems can be complementary or alternative to each other: this depends not only on their transport capacity, their economic sustainability, and to their levels of public acceptability but also on social, political, and spatial features of the setting they serve. This paper intends to discuss the socio-spatial consequences that interventions based on different transport systems can generate, examining them in the city of Quito, Ecuador. The discussion is based on the implementation of the existing BRT network and of a subway line under construction. Reconstructing two contrasting transport policies developed in the city in the last 25 years, this paper proposes an overview of the socio-spatial concerns that influenced and were influenced by urban mobility planning in Quito. To do so, this paper reviews and compares the socio-spatial concerns related to BRT and subway corridors, considering their accessibility, the wider urban transformations they promote, their economic sustainability, and the overall public acceptability, estimating to what extent these have influenced the decision to implement a certain transport policy.
In Silico Discovery of Candidate Drugs against Covid-19
Authors: Cava Claudia , Bertoli Gloria , Castiglioni Isabella
Published: April 2020

Previous studies reported that Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the main cell receptor of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. It plays a key role in the access of the virus into the cell to produce the final infection. In the present study we investigated in silico the basic mechanism of ACE2 in the lung and provided evidences for new potentially effective drugs for Covid-19. Specifically, we used the gene expression profiles from public datasets including The Cancer Genome Atlas, Gene Expression Omnibus and Genotype-Tissue Expression, Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment analysis to investigate the main functions of ACE2-correlated genes. We constructed a protein-protein interaction network containing the genes co-expressed with ACE2. Finally, we focused on the genes in the network that are already associated with known drugs and evaluated their role for a potential treatment of Covid-19. Our results demonstrate that the genes correlated with ACE2 are mainly enriched in the sterol biosynthetic process, Aryldialkylphosphatase activity, adenosylhomocysteinase activity, trialkylsulfonium hydrolase activity, acetate-CoA and CoA ligase activity. We identified a network of 193 genes, 222 interactions and 36 potential drugs that could have a crucial role. Among possible interesting drugs for Covid-19 treatment, we found Nimesulide, Fluticasone Propionate, Thiabendazole, Photofrin, Didanosine and Flutamide.
Comparison of Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of PPR Live Attenuated Vaccines (Nigeria 75/1 and Sungri 96) Administered by Intranasal and Subcutaneous Routes
Authors: Mahapatra Mana , Selvaraj M. , Parida Satya
Published: April 2020

Following the successful eradication of rinderpest, the World Organization of Animal Health (OIE) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) have set a goal to eradicate peste des petits ruminants (PPR) globally by 2030. Vaccination is being taken forward as the key strategy along with epidemiological surveillance to target vaccination efforts and eradicate the disease. PPR is highly contagious and is generally spread by aerosolized droplets and close contact. Currently, two live attenuated vaccines (Nigeria 75/1 and Sungri 96) are in use, and administered subcutaneously to prevent transmission of PPR and protect vaccinated animals. Though the target cells that support primary replication of PPR vaccine strains are largely unknown, it is hypothesized that the immune response could be intensified following intranasal vaccine delivery as this route mimics the natural route of infection. This study aims to compare the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the two currently available live attenuated PPR vaccines following subcutaneous and intranasal routes of vaccination in target species. Groups of five goats were vaccinated with live attenuated PPR vaccines (Nigeria 75/1 and Sungri 96) by either the subcutaneous or intranasal route, and 28 days later challenged intranasally with virulent PPR virus. All vaccinated animals regardless of vaccination route produced PPRV-specific antibodies post-vaccination. Following challenge, all goats were protected from clinical disease, and vaccination was considered to have induced sterilizing immunity. This study demonstrates that the intranasal route of vaccination is as effective as the subcutaneous route of vaccination when using available live attenuated PPR vaccines.
Five Stories (Translated from the Arabic by Nedelya Kitaeva)
Authors: Kitaeva Nedelya
Published: April 2020

Five stories by the Oman writer and Man Booker International prize winner Jokha al-Harthi full of vigor and color, subdued emotions, subtle social and gender insights. SLEDVA is proud to host this first appearance of the author in Bulgarian. The stories are selected and translated from the Arabic by Dr. Nedelya Kitaeva, who is teaching Arabic language and Culture at the New Bulgarian University.
Infection in older adults: a qualitative study of patient experience
Authors: Moore Abigail , McKelvie Sara , Glogowska Margaret , Lasserson Dan , Hayward Gail
Published: April 2020

Background

Infection is common in older adults. Serious infection has a high mortality rate and is associated with unplanned hospital admissions. Little is known about the factors that prompt older patients to seek medical advice when they may have an infection.

Aim

To explore the symptoms of infection from the perspective of older adults, and when and why older patients seek healthcare advice for a possible infection.

Design and setting

A qualitative interview study among adults aged ≥70 years with a clinical diagnosis of infection recruited from ambulatory care units in Oxford, UK.

Method

Interviews were semi-structured and based on a flexible topic guide. Participants were given the option to be interviewed with their carer. Thematic analysis was facilitated using NVivo (version 11).

Results

A total of 28 participants (22 patients and six carers) took part. Patients (aged 70–92 years) had experienced a range of different infections. Several early non-specific symptoms were described (fever, feeling unwell, lethargy, vomiting, pain, and confusion/delirium). Internally minimising symptoms was common and participants with historical experience of infection tended to be better able to interpret their symptoms. Factors influencing seeking healthcare advice included prompts from family, specific or intolerable symptoms, symptom duration, and being unable to manage with self-care. For some, not wanting to be a burden affected their desire to seek help.

Conclusion

Tailored advice to older adults highlighting early symptoms of infection may be beneficial. Knowing whether patients have had previous experience of infection may help healthcare professionals in assessing older patients with possible infection.
Баскетбол в колясках как инструмент повышения социального положения человека
Authors: Peltekova Iren
Published: April 2020

В статье представлены возможности баскетбола в колясках как средства помощи людям с ограниченными возможностями в выборе лучшей социальной жизни. Обращается внимание на историю спорта, необходимость адаптированной программы, подготовленных педагогических кадров и спортивного инвентаря для участия в тренировочных и состязательных соревнованиях.
Študenti s ADHD a možnosťami ich vzdelania v špeciálnej základnej škole
Authors: Akimjaková Beáta
Published: April 2020

Vzdelávanie sa dá považovať za ozložitý interaktívny proces, kde na seba pôsobia edukátor a edukant. Ovplyvňujú a obohacujú sa o nové poznatky a skúsenosti. Pri vzájomnom pôsobení a odovzdávaní si poznatkov nám nemôže stačiť len verbálna rovina. Moderný edukátor musí pracovať s modifi-kovanými poznatkami pri zvládaní žiakov s rôznym druhom a formou post-ihnutia. Zároveň pracuje s celou radou didaktických pomôcok, ktoré edukan-tom priblížia predkladanú problematiku. Takéto využívanie pomôcok sa tiahne celým prierezom vzdelávania už od minulých čias, kedy musíme spomenúť učiteľa národov Jána Ámosa Komenského a jeho mnohých predchodcov.
Nauczyciele realizujący edukację włączającą wobec pracy a ich nadzieja na sukces
Authors: Laskowska Sławomira
Published: April 2020

Zmiany w oświacie mające charakter strukturalno-funkcjonalny nie pozostają bez wpływu na nauczycieli. Istniejące bowiem schematy poznawcze, z którymi ludzie funkcjonują w warunkach głębokiej zmiany społecznej, mają ograniczone możliwości adaptacyjne. Człowiek nie jest w stanie wytworzyć w krótkim przedziale czasowym nowych struktur poznawczych, które odpowiadałyby zmianom w jego środowisku społecznym czy zawodowym. Brak tych struktur uniemożliwia często adekwatne spostrzeganie zachodzących zmian, rodzi niepokoje i negatywne emocje, pogłębia stresy, kształtuje postawy. Charakter i skala zmian w oświacie pozostają niekiedy w sprzeczności z dotychczasowymi przekonaniami, poglądami i postawami nauczycieli, co może wywoływać zjawisko dysonansu poznawczego i rzutować na przejawiane postawy wobec pracy. Zwłaszcza gdy dostrzega się ograniczone możliwości odniesienia sukcesu zawodowego stanowiącego o realizacji własnych planów życiowych i zawodowych.
Penentuan Lokasi Sentra IKM Galendo untuk Meningkatkan Perekonomian Masyarakat Kabupaten Ciamis
Authors: Nurhayaty Maria , Orshella Devy Dwi
Published: April 2020

Abstract— Traditional food can provide a good image and economic improvement in an area. Ciamis Regency is known as a region producing traditional food, one of which is Galendo. The center of the sale and purchase of Galendo products in Ciamis Regency is still centered in a wholesale market that is less strategic. This research proposes the determination of the location of the Galendo IKM center and the development of various integrated facilities and infrastructure by the central government, which can be shared by other Galendo IKM. The determination of the location of the Galendo IKM center is analyzed by the center of gravity method. The distance of IKM location, production output, and transportation costs from 21 Galendo producers in the Cijeungjing, Cilame, Jendral Soedirman, Pawindan, Pamalayan, Sadananya, and Baregbeg areas are used to calculate the total transportation costs from each IKM location. The initial coordinate point is the location of the Ciamis Main Market which is compared with the 4 proposed coordinate points in order to produce the lowest total transportation costs. The total cost from the initial location of the Main Market is IDR 95,532,205. Whereas the total cost at proposed location 1 is only around Rp 80,015,976 which is lower than the initial location in the wholesale market. Keywords— center of gravity; galendo; distance; IKM centers; total cost. Abstrak— Keberadaan makanan tradisional suatu daerah dapat mengangkat citra positif daerah tersebut. Kabupaten Ciamis dikenal akan daerah penghasil berbagai jenis makanan tradisional, salah satu diantaranya adalah galendo. Kegiatan jual beli produk galendo di Kabupaten Ciamis masih berpusat di pasar induk yang lokasinya dinilai kurang strategis. Penentuan lokasi sentra IKM galendo diperlukan berikut dengan pengembangan berbagai sarana dan prasarana terpadu oleh pemerintah pusat, yang dapat digunakan bersama oleh para pelaku IKM. Penentuan lokasi sentra IKM galendo dilakukan menggunakan metode center of gravity. Jarak antar lokasi IKM, beban berupa output produksi, dan biaya transportasi dari 21 produsen Galendo yang tersebar di daerah Cijeungjing, Cilame, Jendral Soedirman, Pawindan, Pamalayan, Sadananya, dan Baregbeg digunakan untuk mengitung total biaya transportasi dari masing-masing titik lokasi IKM. Titik koordinat awal adalah lokasi Pasar Induk Ciamis yang dibandingkan dengan 4 titik koordinat usulan guna menghasilkan total biaya transportasi yang paling rendah. Total biaya jika sentra berada di lokasi awal yakni Pasar Induk, adalah mencapai Rp 95.532.205. Sedangkan total biaya di lokasi usulan 1 hanya berkisar Rp 80.015.976 yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan lokasi awal di pasar induk.   Kata kunci— center of gravity; galendo; jarak; sentra IKM; total biaya.
أحكام الهدنة في الفقه الإسلامي دراسة فقهية مقارنة
Authors: د. هناء رحيم علي
Published: April 2020

من الضروريات الاساسية لدى الشريعة الاسلامية هو الاهتمام بحياة الإنسان من جميع جوانبها، فقررت أحكاماً من شأنها أن تحافظ على حياته، وتحقق له السعادة في الدنيا والآخرة، وهذه الأحكام شملت علاقة الإنسان المسلم بربه وبنفسه وبمن حوله من الناس سواءً كانوا مسلمين أم غير مسلمين. ومن اهم موضوعات الفقه السياسي الإسلامي المقارن هو الهدنة، حيث جاءت لحماية المسلمين، وتأمين حدود الدولة الإسلامية، ولتهيئة الظروف للاستعداد وإعداد العدة، ولتحييد بعض الأعداء بهدف التفرغ للعدو الأكبر، ولتوفير المناخ المناسب لنشر الدعوة أو رجاء إسلام المعاهدين إذا ما اختلطوا بالمسلمين.
النقد النَحْوي في شرَح شوَاهِد شَرْحِ ابن الناظم عند السيّد العامليِ
Authors: أ.م.د. سلام حسين علوان
Published: April 2020

الحمد لله رب العالمين و الصلاة و السلام على النبي الأمين و على آله الطيبين الطاهرين أما بعد :

فكتاب السيد العاملي ( شرح شواهد شرح ابن ناظم ) حلقة من سلسلة حلقات تتابعت في شروح الشواهد النحوية على مر العصور وهو كتاب جدير بالدراسة و التحليل لما يحمل من غزارة في الأراء وتعدد في التوجيهات ولما يحمل من مادة ثرة في كل مستويات اللغة  الصرفية واللغوية والدلالية وقد هيأ الله لنا هذا الكتاب بجهد المحقق و المدقق ( محمد علي هوبي الربعي ) الذي أجاد تحقيقه فأخرجه لنا إخراجاً يستحق الثناء عاملاً فيه دراسة لغوية شاملة ومتحدثاً عن ابن الناظم وسيرته العلمية و شواهده النحوية فيه شيء من التفصيل، انتظم البحث على مبحثين هما: ألفاظ القبول وهي (الاظهر، حجة، ضرورة، نادر، وهو كذلك، وفاقاً، يؤيدهم). وألفاظ الرفض .وهي (الـأولى، باطل، بعيد، توهم، ساقط، شاذ ، ضعف، غلط ، ليس بشيء ،لا يخلو عن شيء ، ما لا حسن له ، المهملات، وهم ،  وفيه ما فيه ، يرد) .ولا بد في هذا المقام من الإشارة الى وجود تفاوت في أحجام  المبحثين ، وهو أمر تقتضيه المادة العلمية من جهة ولكون السيد العاملي أهمل الحديث عن الشواهد اللغوية في كثير من المسائل والحديث في أمور دلالية و بلاغية مما أحدث فرقاً في حجم المادة العلمية في المباحث اللغوية من جهة ثانية . والله اسال ان يفيد هذا البحث القارئين والباحثين في مجال تخصصهم .
صعوبات دراسة مادة فلسفة التاريخ وحلولها المقترحة من وجهة نظر طالبات قسم التاريخ بكلية التربية للبنات بجامعة بغداد
Authors: الاستاذ المساعد الدكتور احمد هاشم محمد العميري
Published: April 2020

يهدف البحث إلى معرفة صعوبات دراسة مادة فلسفة التاريخ وحلولها المقترحة من وجهة نظر طالبات قسم التأريخ  بكلية التربية للبنات بجامعة بغداد، تكون مجتمع البحث من جميع طالبات الدراسات الاولية بقسم التأريخ في كلية التربية للبنات بجامعة بغداد والبالغ عددهن ( 352 ) طالبة . ولتحقيق هدف البحث أختار الباحث الأستبانة أداة لدراسته ؛ اذ تم استخراج صدقها من خلال عرضها على مجموعة من المتخصصين في العلوم التربوية والنفسية والتاريخ ؛ وثباتها بالاعتماد  على طريقة ( إعادة تطبيق الأداة) ؛ ولحساب معامل ثباتها  اعتمد الباحث على  معامل ارتباط بيرسون( pearson )  فقد تراوح  ثبات فقرات مجالاتها الرئيسة بين ( 0.79 – 0.73 )  ، في حين بلغ المتوسط الحسابي العام لثبات الأداة ( 0.78 )  . ولبيان نتائج البحث اعتمدت الوسائل الإحصائية  (معامل ارتباط بيرسون  ومعادلة فيشر  والوزن المئوي) ، اذ أظهرت النتائج وجود  عدد من الصعوبات الحقيقة المتحققة الخاصة بدراسة مادة فلسفة التاريخ البالغ عددها ( 17 ) فقرة ؛ كما دلت البيانات عن وجود صعوبات غير حقيقية تم تشخيصها من وجهة نظرهن وعدنها غير متحققة في ضوء المعيار المعتمد (2.00) والبالغ عددها  ( 8 ) فقرات من مجموع فقرات الأداة  البالغة عدد  فقراتها  (25) فقرة . وفي ضوء ذلك وضع الباحث عدة استنتاجات وتوصيات ومقترحات .
Isolating Bandpass Filters Using Time-Modulated Resonators
Authors: Wu Xiaohu , Liu Xiaoguang , Hickle Mark , Peroulis Dimitrios , Gomez-Diaz Juan Sebastian , Alvarez Melcon Alejandro
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we demonstrate, for the first time, an isolating bandpass filter with low-loss forward transmission and high reverse isolation by modulating its constituent resonators. To understand the operating principle behind the device, we develop a spectral domain analysis method and show that the same-frequency nonreciprocity is a result of the nonreciprocal frequency conversion to the intermodulation (IM) frequencies by the time-varying resonators. With appropriate modulation frequency, modulation depth, and phase delay, the signal power at the IM frequencies is converted back to the RF frequency and adds up constructively to form a low-loss forward passband, whereas they add up destructively in the reverse direction to create the isolation. To validate the theory, a lumped-element three-pole 0.04-dB ripple isolating filter with a center frequency of 200 MHz and a ripple bandwidth of 30 MHz is designed, simulated, and measured. When modulated with a sinusoidal frequency of 30 MHz, a modulation index of 0.25, and an incremental phase difference of 45°, the filter achieves a forward insertion loss of 1.5 dB and a reverse isolation of 20 dB. The measured nonmodulated and modulated results agree very well with the simulations. Such nonreciprocal filters may find applications in wideband simultaneous transmit and receive radio front ends.
A COMUNICAÇÃO ENTRE SURDOS E PROFISSIONAIS DA SAÚDE: UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA
Authors: Wetterich Caio Bruno , Barroso Hélida Cristine Santos Mendes , Freitas Daniel Antunes
Published: April 2020

Este estudo objetivou conhecer a percepção do surdo e dos profissionais da saúde no atendimento à saúde pública do surdo e como se dá a comunicação entre eles. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica baseada na literatura em língua portuguesa, no período de 2013 a 2018, através de consulta as bases de dados da Capes, LILACS, SciELO e Google acadêmico. Constatou-se nas pesquisas analisadas que a percepção dos surdos e dos profissionais da saúde remete-se a falta de comunicação em Libras como maior obstáculo para um atendimento à saúde integral e humanizado. Concluiu-se que a comunicação é essencial para um atendimento de qualidade e precisa ser efetivada com políticas públicas que visem inserir nos planos curriculares das escolas e universidades na área da saúde, na formação técnica e superior, a disciplina Libras. Dessa forma, o surdo será assistido na saúde com respeito à sua identidade e cultura surda, e reconhecido como sujeito de direitos na sua dignidade humana.
Cylindromatosis Is Required for Survival of a Subset of Melanoma Cells
Authors: La Ting , Jin Lei , Liu Xiao Ying , Song Ze Hua , Farrelly Margaret , Feng Yu Chen , Yan Xu Guang , Zhang Yuan Yuan , Thorne Rick F. , Zhang Xu Dong , Teng Liu
Published: April 2020

The deubiquitinase cylindromatosis (CYLD) functions as a tumor suppressor inhibiting cell proliferation in many cancer types including melanoma. Here we present evidence that a proportion of melanoma cells are nonetheless addicted to CYLD for survival. The expression levels of CYLD
varied widely in melanoma cell lines and melanomas in vivo, with a subset of melanoma cell lines and melanomas displaying even higher levels of CYLD than melanocyte lines and nevi, respectively. Strikingly, although short hairpin RNA (shRNA) knockdown of CYLD promoted, as anticipated, cell
proliferation in some melanoma cell lines, it reduced cell viability in a fraction of melanoma cell lines with relatively high levels of CYLD expression and did not impinge on survival and proliferation in a third type of melanoma cell lines. The decrease in cell viability caused by CYLD knockdown
was due to induction of apoptosis, as it was associated with activation of the caspase cascade and was abolished by treatment with a general caspase inhibitor. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that induction of apoptosis by CYLD knockdown was caused by upregulation of receptor-interacting
protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) that was associated with elevated K63-linked polyubiquitination of the protein, indicating that CYLD is critical for controlling RIPK1 expression in these cells. Of note, microRNA (miR) profiling showed that miR-99b-3p that was predicted to target the 3-untranslated
region (3-UTR) of the CYLD mRNA was reduced in melanoma cell lines with high levels of CYLD compared with melanocyte lines. Further functional studies confirmed that the reduction in miR-99b-3p expression was responsible for the increased expression of CYLD in a highly cell line-specific manner.
Taken together, these results reveal an unexpected role of CYLD in promoting survival of a subset of melanoma cells and uncover the heterogeneity of CYLD expression and its biological significance in melanoma.
Results Validation about the Adoption Model of Information and Communication Technologies Applied to the Technical University of Cotopaxi
Authors: Chancusig Chisag Juan Carlos , Gamboa Cruzado Javier Arturo
Published: April 2020

Within the last years, the utilization of ICT has developed within the different education levels and particularly in universities that these count with new technological resources much advanced within the particular case of the university during which the investigation is developing the study is, to enhance the Educational Learning process implementing a replacement adoption model of ICT, with which it´s possible to offer a solution to the educational process. A methodology is realized of study supported the systematical Review of the literature of the models of the ICT citing as an example the primary model that there appeared the Model TAM who was developed by [1] and of the Web 2 and Web 3 and therefore the ICT within the Universities of the planet. The investigation threw the results expected with the creation of the new model of adoption of ICT, with the utilization of collaborative hardware during a Learning Environment (CLE) for creating the constructs, alpha of Cronbach, variance, and interrelations and therefore the use of statistical software because the Minitab validated the raised hypotheses. Educational Technologies are very important nowadays for the Development of each country.
Comparison of fresh and aged lithium iron phosphate cathodes using a tailored electrochemical strain microscopy technique
Authors: Simolka Matthias , Kaess Hanno , Friedrich Kaspar Andreas
Published: April 2020

Electrochemical strain microscopy (ESM) is a powerful atomic force microscopy (AFM) mode for the investigation of ion dynamics and activities in energy storage materials. Here we compare the changes in commercial LiFePO4 cathodes due to ageing and its influence on the measured ESM signal. Additionally, the ESM signal dynamics are analysed to generate characteristic time constants of the diffusion process, induced by a dc-voltage pulse, which changes the ionic concentration in the material volume under the AFM tip. The ageing of the cathode is found to be governed by a decrease of the electrochemical activity and the loss of available lithium for cycling, which can be stored in the cathode.
Design and synthesis of diazine-based panobinostat analogues for HDAC8 inhibition
Authors: Balasubramaniam Sivaraman , Vijayan Sajith , Goldman Liam V , May Xavier A , Dodson Kyra , Adhikari Sweta , Rivas Fatima , Watkins Davita L , Stoddard Shana V
Published: April 2020

Guided by computational analysis, herein we report the design, synthesis and evaluation of four novel diazine-based histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis). The targets of interest (TOI) are analogues of panobinostat, one of the most potent and versatile HDACi reported. By simply replacing the phenyl core of panobinostat with that of a diazine derivative, docking studies against HDAC2 and HDAC8 revealed that the four analogues exhibit inhibition activities comparable to that of panobinostat. Multistep syntheses afforded the visualized targets TOI1, TOI2, TOI3-rev and TOI4 whose biological evaluation confirmed the strength of HDAC8 inhibition with TOI4 displaying the greatest efficacy at varying concentrations. The results of this study lay the foundation for future design strategies toward more potent HDACis for HDAC8 isozymes and further therapeutic applications for neuroblastoma.
Asymmetric synthesis of CF2-functionalized aziridines by combined strong Brønsted acid catalysis
Authors: Tan Xing-Fa , Zhang Fa-Guang , Ma Jun-An
Published: April 2020

A diastereo- and enantioselective approach to access chiral CF2-functionalized aziridines from difluorodiazoethyl phenyl sulfone (PhSO2CF2CHN2) and in situ-formed aldimines is described. This multicomponent reaction is enabled by a combined strong Brønsted acid catalytic platform consisting of a chiral disulfonimide and 2-carboxyphenylboronic acid. The optical purity of the obtained CF2-substituted aziridines could be further improved by a practical dissolution–filtration procedure.
ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL AIRPORTS AS A FACTOR FOR DEVELOPMENT IN BRAZIL
Authors: De Castro Ribeiro Sergio , De Sequeira Santos Marcio Peixoto , Lana Fraga Carla Conceição
Published: April 2020

The establishment an open market policy in Brazil’s airline sector in the beginning of the 1990s has brought substantial changes to the country’s aviation regulatory framework. One effect of this liberalization has been a substantial decrease in the number of regional airports with regularly scheduled air service. This paper discusses both the internal and external factors that have directly affected the present scenario, based on a review of the literature. We first provide an overview of the evolution of the country’s airport industry and its management concerns, and then analyze the effect of the deregulation process on air travel and the social and economic changes this has brought to smaller cities, especially those in the northern region. The overall effect has been to weaken the country’s potential for national integration and political unity.
AN INPUT OUTPUT MODEL TO QUANTIFY THE BENEFITS OF TOURIST AIRPORTS ON REGIONAL ECONOMY
Authors: Dimitriou Dimitrios , Sartzetaki Mary , Voskaki Asimina , Athanasiadis George
Published: April 2020

Airports are widely recognized as having a considerable economic and social impact on their surrounding regions. These impacts go far beyond the direct impact of an airport’s operation, extending also to the wider benefits that air service accessibility brings to regional business interests. Airports provide essential infrastructure to support regional social and economic growth. According to ACI, airports are major economic assets offering significant economic returns and benefits. A growing literature on this subject highlights the difficulties to calculate the effects of airports. This paper deals with the estimation of benefits of touristairports on regional economy. The methodology approach is based on an input-output model that - estimates the key categories of effects from tourist airport operations. Conventional wisdom is to present a well-organized modeling framework, appropriate for planners, mana gers and decision makers in order to quantify the effects of tourism airports on regional economies. The application is a new airport on the island of Crete in Greece, one of the most attractive tourist destinations in southeast Mediterranean.
A COMPLEX SYSTEM APPROACH IN MODELING AIRSPACE CONGESTION DYNAMICS
Authors: Amor Soufian Ben , Bui Marc
Published: April 2020

The dynamical behaviour of groups of airspace sectors, e.g. Functional Airspace Blocks, is not trivial to be analysed without appropriate theoretical tools. In this paper, we suggest a discrete model based on cellular automata and multi agent systems to express the congestion dynamics and complexity in the controlled airspace. Discrete time simulations have been performed with random selected scenarios of traffic and with independent sector parameters to investigate the impact of availability of local sectors on the whole state of the airspace. Obtained results show the existence of a traffic threshold that leads to a theoretical saturation of airspace. The test scenario showed a phase transition phenomenon towards the congestion of the European airspace at the resulting traffic threshold circa 50 000 flights. Validation using real data shows the predictive abilities of the model.
LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH PHRASEOLOGY AND PLAIN LANGUAGE IN AIR-GROUND COMMUNICATIONS
Authors: Lopez Stéphanie
Published: April 2020

The aim of this paper is to describe the different uses of English phraseology and plain language within pilot-controller (or air-ground) communications via a comparative study between two collections of texts (corpora): one representing the prescribed norm and made up of examples of English from two phraseology manuals; the other consisting of the orthographic transcription of recordings of real air-ground communications. The comparative study is conducted at a lexical level. It focuses on the discrepancies observed in the distribution of the corpora lexicon. Our preliminary results indicate that, in real air-ground communications, pilots and controllers tend to use more “subjectivity” markers (pronouns, courtesy expressions) than prescribed by the linguistic norm. This observation reflects their needs to use the language in its social role. A description of the different markers introducing subjectivity in air-ground communication can help understand the use of a more natural language in radiotelephony. In the long run, the results from the comparative study can be used to improve English radiotelephony teaching.
THE ACCESSIBILITY OF EUROPEAN REGIONS AND AIRPORT NETWORK
Authors: Redondi Renato , Malighetti Paolo , Paleari Stefano
Published: April 2020

The objective of this work is to evaluate the accessibility of European municipalities by air transport. We focus on travels that typically require the use of air transport by computing the quickest paths between any pair of municipalities separated by more than 500 km. The total travel time includes three components: i) travel by car or High Speed Train to reach the origin airport, ii) travel by air from the origin airport to the destination airport, including waiting times when no direct flight is available and iii) travel by car or High Speed Train from the destination airport to the municipality of destination. For each territorial unit, we calculate the population-weighted average travel time to reach any other municipality in Europe.
AVIATION SAFETY REGULATION IN THE MULTI-STAKEHOLDER ENVIRONMENT OF AN AIRPORT
Authors: Murphy Gráinne , Efthymiou Marina
Published: April 2020

Safety is at the heart of the aviation system, accident rates are on a steady downward trend with 2.1 accidents per million departures in 2016, representing the lowest annual aviation accident rate. It is predicted that globally the airline industry will grow, expecting 7.2 billion passengers to travel in 2035 (IATA, 2016). The airport domain is a complex socio technical environment where an airline receives a range of services and is the focal point for the convergence of ground activities, part of its role is creating the ‘safety picture’ and a ‘safety space’ for its industry customers to provide these services to aircraft operators. All operators (excluding ground-handling service providers) at European Union (EU) airports are regulated by European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) regulations and now all have Safety Management Systems in place. Using Dublin Airport as a case study, the paper explores safety culture and safety challenges amongst operators in the multi stakeholder context of Dublin airport’s airside operations. In particular, the paper argues that (i) the attitudes of airport stakeholders on the effectiveness of Safety Management Systems were positive with good indicators of an engaged safety culture, (ii) operators strive for safe airport operations as well as achieving compliance operations and (iii) attitudes towards multi stakeholder safety management depend on the primary relationship held by each party. Finally, the paper recommends strategies to be adopted to enhance and improve multi stakeholder safety culture at Dublin Airport.
PRE-FLIGHT CONSIDERATIONS, IN-FLIGHT SERVICES, AND POST-FLIGHT RECEPTIONS: FACTORS INFLUENCING PASSENGERS’ INTERNATIONAL AIRLINE CHOICES
Authors: Faiyetole Ayodele Adekunle , Temitope
Published: April 2020

The proliferation of airlines plying the international routes, triggered by the needed deregulation policies, has equally caused prospective air travelers to be constantly faced with critical pre-flight decisions, especially as they regard airline choice making for scheduled and on-demand flights. Considering the international bound passengers for scheduled flights at MMIA, this paper examines seventeen variables, wilfully or unconsciously thought-out by the passengers before choosing the airline to travel with. Factor analysis unveils that there are five components with Eigenvalue higher than the critical (1.000) and with an appreciable cumulative percent of variance (62.336 percent), indicative that there are five latent factors determining international passengers’ airline choices from a developing country. The Varimax rotated component matrix placed eleven variables with factor loading (>0.70) on these five factors. The paper concludes that the service quality of the full spectra of the airlines’ preflight, in-flight and post-flight services could be more carefully considered, maintained and regularly upgraded in order to attract and, or retain passengers.
STUDI EKSEGETIS MAKNA PASANGAN SEIMBANG DAN TIDAK SEIMBANG BERDASARKAN 2 KORINTUS 6:14-16
Authors: Sarwono Sarwono
Published: April 2020

A balanced life partner is very important because there are many different things that are found in the person of a believer and an unbeliever. God Himself establishes a suitable life partner that is not unbalanced. God knows that man His creation will need a balanced partner, therefore our partners are in God's hands, but very often when we choose an unbalanced life partner, we say that this is my partner from God, when in fact we are choosing by ourselves because there are some things that we pay attention to with our partners that can make us happy, we don't realize that it is only temporary, so we don't care anymore, whether it's balanced or not, what matters is my partner who is from God. Through this paper, we try to give a biblical explanation of a balanced and unbalanced partner to give insight to the believer in thinking about his life partner.
PERSPEKTIF RASUL PAULUS TENTANG BERBAHASA ROH BERDSARKAN 1 KORINTUS 14
Authors: Sarwono Sarwono
Published: April 2020

The gift of speaking in tongues is a message to the body of Christ which is given in tongues and is not understood by the user. Therefore, it must be followed by an interpretation by the language understood by the congregation. The gift of tongues is usually news of a prophecy for the Lord's church and must be followed by an interpretation. If the gift of tongues is not followed by an interpretation, it cannot build up the church. Therefore, the author will discuss the apostle Paul's perspective on tongues based on 1 Corinthians 14.
MODEL KEPEMIMPINAN PAULUS: SEBUAH STUDI EKSPOSISI SURAT FILEMON
Authors: Pranoto David Susilo
Published: April 2020

An important part of human life is leadership. Without human leaders do not understand how to direct their responsibilities. In this article try to contribute about the leadership model of an apostle Paul. In this article we will describe the principle of leadership through the Apostle Paul's life experience. Expected through this writing is to add insight into Christians who are entrusted with leadership responsibilities. So it leads to leadership that glorifies God.
Understanding the Origin of the Magnetic Field Morphology in the Wide-binary Protostellar System BHR 71
Authors: Hull Charles L. H. , Gouellec Valentin J. M. Le , Girart Josep M. , Tobin John J. , Bourke Tyler L.
Published: April 2020

We present 1.3 mm Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of polarized dust emission toward the wide-binary protostellar system BHR 71 IRS1 and IRS2. IRS1 features what appears to be a natal, hourglass-shaped magnetic field. In contrast, IRS2 exhibits a magnetic field that has been affected by its bipolar outflow. Toward IRS2, the polarization is confined mainly to the outflow cavity walls. Along the northern edge of the redshifted outflow cavity of IRS2, the polarized emission is sandwiched between the outflow and a filament of cold, dense gas traced by N2D+, toward which no dust polarization is detected. This suggests that the origin of the enhanced polarization in IRS2 is the irradiation of the outflow cavity walls, which enables the alignment of dust grains with respect to the magnetic field—but only to a depth of ∼300 au, beyond which the dust is cold and unpolarized. However, in order to align grains deep enough in the cavity walls, and to produce the high polarization fraction seen in IRS2, the aligning photons are likely to be in the mid- to far-infrared range, which suggests a degree of grain growth beyond what is typically expected in very young, Class 0 sources. Finally, toward IRS1 we see a narrow, linear feature with a high (10%–20%) polarization fraction and a well-ordered magnetic field that is not associated with the bipolar outflow cavity. We speculate that this feature may be a magnetized accretion streamer; however, this has yet to be confirmed by kinematic observations of dense-gas tracers.
TXS 2116−077: A Gamma-Ray Emitting Relativistic Jet Hosted in a Galaxy Merger
Authors: Paliya Vaidehi S. , Pérez Enrique , García-Benito Rubén , Ajello Marco , Prada Francisco , Alberdi Antxon , Suh Hyewon , Chandra C. H. Ishwara , Domínguez Alberto , Marchesi Stefano , Matteo Tiziana Di , Hartmann Dieter , Chiaberge Marco
Published: April 2020

What triggers collimated relativistic outflows or jets from the centers of galaxies remains a fundamental question in astrophysics. The merging of two galaxies has been proposed to realize the conditions to successfully launch and drive such jets into the intergalactic medium. However, evidence for the operation of this mechanism is scarce. Here we report the first unambiguous detection of an ongoing merger of a narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy, TXS 2116−077, hosting a closely aligned, γ-ray emitting relativistic jet with a Seyfert 2 galaxy at a separation of ∼12 kpc, using the observations taken with the 8.2 m Subaru Telescope. Our subsequent follow-up observations with the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias, 4.2 m William Herschel Telescope, and Chandra X-ray observatory have provided what is likely to be the first glimpse of the merging environment hosting a closely aligned relativistic jet. Our finding that the jet is considerably younger than the merger demonstrates that jet activity can be triggered by galaxy mergers and that γ-ray detected narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies represent the beginning phase of that activity. These results also highlight the crucial role of mergers in shaping the fate of galaxies in their cosmological evolution and are consistent with recent studies focused on the host galaxy imaging of this enigmatic class of active galactic nuclei.
Dynamical Equilibrium in the Molecular ISM in 28 Nearby Star-forming Galaxies
Authors: Sun (孙嘉懿) Jiayi , Leroy Adam K. , Ostriker Eve C. , Hughes Annie , Rosolowsky Erik , Schruba Andreas , Schinnerer Eva , Blanc Guillermo A. , Faesi Christopher , Kruijssen J. M. Diederik , Meidt Sharon , Utomo Dyas , Bigiel Frank , Bolatto Alberto D. , Chevance Mélanie , Chiang (江宜達) I-Da , Dale Daniel , Emsellem Eric , Glover Simon C. O. , Grasha Kathryn , Henshaw Jonathan , Herrera Cinthya N. , Jimenez-Donaire Maria Jesus , Lee Janice C. , Pety Jérôme , Querejeta Miguel , Saito Toshiki , Sandstrom Karin , Usero Antonio
Published: April 2020

We compare the observed turbulent pressure in molecular gas, P
turb, to the required pressure for the interstellar gas to stay in equilibrium in the gravitational potential of a galaxy, P
DE. To do this, we combine arcsecond resolution CO data from PHANGS-ALMA with multiwavelength data that trace the atomic gas, stellar structure, and star formation rate (SFR) for 28 nearby star-forming galaxies. We find that P
turb correlates with—but almost always exceeds—the estimated P
DE on kiloparsec scales. This indicates that the molecular gas is overpressurized relative to the large-scale environment. We show that this overpressurization can be explained by the clumpy nature of molecular gas; a revised estimate of P
DE on cloud scales, which accounts for molecular gas self-gravity, external gravity, and ambient pressure, agrees well with the observed P
turb in galaxy disks. We also find that molecular gas with cloud-scale

in our sample is more likely to be self-gravitating, whereas gas at lower pressure it appears more influenced by ambient pressure and/or external gravity. Furthermore, we show that the ratio between P
turb and the observed SFR surface density,

, is compatible with stellar feedback-driven momentum injection in most cases, while a subset of the regions may show evidence of turbulence driven by additional sources. The correlation between

and kpc-scale P
DE in galaxy disks is consistent with the expectation from self-regulated star formation models. Finally, we confirm the empirical correlation between molecular-to-atomic gas ratio and kpc-scale P
DE reported in previous works.
Oversized Gas Clumps in an Extremely Metal-poor Molecular Cloud Revealed by ALMA’s Parsec-scale Maps
Authors: Shi Yong , Wang Junzhi , Zhang Zhi-Yu , Zhang Qizhou , Gao Yu , Zhou Luwenjia , Gu Qiusheng , Qiu Keping , Xia Xiao-Yang , Hao Cai-Na , Chen Yanmei
Published: April 2020

Metals are thought to have profound effects on the internal structures of the molecular clouds in which stars are born. The absence of metals is expected to prevent gas from efficient cooling and fragmentation in theory. However, this effect has not yet been observed in low-metallicity environments, such as in the early universe and local dwarf galaxies, because of the lack of high-spatial-resolution maps of gas. We carried out Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of the carbon monoxide (CO) J = 2–1 emission line at 1.4 parsec resolutions of a molecular cloud in DDO 70 at 7% solar metallicity, the most metal-poor galaxy currently known with a CO detection. In total, five clumps have been identified and they are found to more or less follow Larson’s law. Since the CO emission exists in regions with visual extinction A
V around 1.0, we converted this A
V to the gas-mass surface density using a gas-to-dust ratio of 4594 ± 2848 for DDO 70. We found that the CO clumps in DDO 70 exhibit significantly larger (on average four times) sizes than those at the same gas-mass surface densities in the massive star formation regions of the Milky Way. The existence of such large clumps appears to be consistent with theoretical expectations that gas fragmentation in low-metallicity clouds is suppressed. While our observation is only for one cloud in the galaxy, if it is representative, the above result implies suppressed gas fragmentation during the cloud collapse and star formation in the early universe.
A Small-scale Investigation of Molecular Emission toward the Tip of the Western Lobe of W50/SS 433
Authors: Liu Qian-Cheng , Chen Yang , Zhou Ping , Zhang Xiao , Jiang Bing
Published: April 2020

We perform a molecular (CO and CN) line observation using the IRAM 30 m telescope toward two small regions near the western edge of supernova remnant (SNR) W50/SS 433. CO observation reveals spatial correspondence of two molecular clumps at the local-standard-of-rest (LSR) velocity around +53

, with multiwavelength local features of the W50/SS 433 system. One of the two clumps appears to be embedded in a void of diffuse radio and X-ray emission. Toward the two clumps, asymmetric broad-line profiles of the 12CO lines are obtained, which provide kinematic evidence of the association between the clumps and the jet-related gas. The 12CO J = 2–1/J = 1–0 line ratios (≳0.9) and the kinetic temperatures (∼30 K) of the clumps are distinctively higher than all those of the clumps at other LSR velocities along the same line of sight, which may be physical signatures of the association. We show that the clump coincident with the void can survive the thermal heating if it is surrounded by hot gas, with an evaporation timescale much larger than the age of SNR W50. We also show that the thermal equilibrium in the high-temperature clumps can be maintained by the heating of the penetrating environmental cosmic rays. CN (J = 3/1–1/2) line emission is detected in the two clumps, and the CN abundances derived are much higher than that in the interstellar molecular clouds (MCs) and that in the SNR-interacting MCs.
SN 2017cfd: A Normal Type Ia Supernova Discovered Very Young
Authors: Han Xuhui , Zheng WeiKang , Stahl Benjamin E. , Burke Jamison , Vinko Jozsef , Jaeger Thomas de , Arcavi Iair , Brink Thomas G. , Cseh Borbala , Hiramatsu Daichi , Hosseinzadeh Griffin , Howell D. Andrew , Ignacz Bernadett , Konyves-Toth Reka , Krezinger Mate , McCully Curtis , Ordasi Andras , Pinter Dora , Sarneczky Krisztian , Szakats Robert , Tang Kevin , Vida Krisztian , Wang Jing , Wei Jianyan , Wheeler J. Craig , Xin Liping , Filippenko Alexei V.
Published: April 2020

The Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) 2017cfd in IC 0511 (redshift

) was discovered by the Lick Observatory Supernova Search 1.6 ± 0.7 day after the fitted first-light time (15.2 days before B-band maximum brightness). Photometric and spectroscopic follow-up observations show that SN 2017cfd is a typical, normal SN Ia with a peak luminosity

mag, Δm
15(B) = 1.16 mag, and reached a B-band maximum ∼16.8 days after the first light. We estimate there to be moderately strong host-galaxy extinction (A

V
 = 0.39 ± 0.03 mag) based on MLCS2k2 fitting. The spectrum reveals a Si ii
λ6355 velocity of ∼11,200 km s−1 at peak brightness. SN 2017cfd was discovered very young, with multiband data taken starting 2 days after the first light, making it a valuable complement to the currently small sample (fewer than a dozen) of SNe Ia with color data at such early times. We find that its intrinsic early-time

color evolution belongs to the “blue” population rather than to the distinct “red” population. Using the photometry, we constrain the companion-star radius to be ≲2.5 R
☉ with the Kasen model, thus ruling out a red-giant companion.
Spectral Signatures of Quasar Ages at z ≈ 3
Authors: Zheng Wei
Published: April 2020

Insight into quasar ages may be obtained from the proximity effect, but so far only in a limited number of bright quasars. Based on ∼2600 Sloan Digital Sky Survey quasar spectra at 2.5 ≤ z ≤ 3.5, a search for spectral voids between Lyα forest lines finds proximity zones over a wide range of radial distances. The majority of zone sizes are less than 5 Mpc, with their numbers decreasing exponentially toward larger distances. After a normalization by luminosities, the zone sizes are distributed with an e-folding scale of 0.64 as compared with the anticipated values. A group of quasars are selected for their large proximity zones of ≳10 Mpc. Their composite spectrum displays strong narrow cores and large equivalent widths in Lyα and other major UV emission lines. If the proximity zones along lines of sight are indicative of quasar ages, these features may be the signatures of old quasars. Another group of quasars are selected as they show no proximity zone and exhibit intrinsic absorption lines at z

ab
 > z

em
. They are likely young quasars and exhibit weaker narrow emission-line components. The significant difference of spectral features between the two groups may reflect an evolution pattern over quasars’ lifetimes.