bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ON MUTUALLY UNBIASED BASES
Authors: DURT THOMAS , ENGLERT BERTHOLD-GEORG , BENGTSSON INGEMAR , ŻYCZKOWSKI KAROL
Published: July 2010

Mutually unbiased bases for quantum degrees of freedom are central to all theoretical investigations and practical exploitations of complementary properties. Much is known about mutually unbiased bases, but there are also a fair number of important questions that have not been answered in full as yet. In particular, one can find maximal sets of N + 1 mutually unbiased bases in Hilbert spaces of prime-power dimension N = pM, with p prime and M a positive integer, and there is a continuum of mutually unbiased bases for a continuous degree of freedom, such as motion along a line. But not a single example of a maximal set is known if the dimension is another composite number (N = 6, 10, 12,…).

In this review, we present a unified approach in which the basis states are labeled by numbers 0, 1, 2, …, N - 1 that are both elements of a Galois field and ordinary integers. This dual nature permits a compact systematic construction of maximal sets of mutually unbiased bases when they are known to exist but throws no light on the open existence problem in other cases. We show how to use the thus constructed mutually unbiased bases in quantum-informatics applications, including dense coding, teleportation, entanglement swapping, covariant cloning, and state tomography, all of which rely on an explicit set of maximally entangled states (generalizations of the familiar two–q-bit Bell states) that are related to the mutually unbiased bases.

There is a link to the mathematics of finite affine planes. We also exploit the one-to-one correspondence between unbiased bases and the complex Hadamard matrices that turn the bases into each other. The ultimate hope, not yet fulfilled, is that open questions about mutually unbiased bases can be related to open questions about Hadamard matrices or affine planes, in particular the notorious existence problem for dimensions that are not a power of a prime.

The Hadamard-matrix approach is instrumental in the very recent advance, surveyed here, of our understanding of the N = 6 situation. All evidence indicates that a maximal set of seven mutually unbiased bases does not exist — one can find no more than three pairwise unbiased bases — although there is currently no clear-cut demonstration of the case.
Glucagon and lipid interactions in the regulation of hepatic AMPK signaling and expression of PPARα and FGF21 transcripts in vivo
Authors: Berglund Eric D. , Kang Li , Lee-Young Robert S. , Hasenour Clinton M. , Lustig Daniel G. , Lynes Sara E. , Donahue E. Patrick , Swift Larry L. , Charron Maureen J. , Wasserman David H.
Published: July 2010

Hepatic glucagon action increases in response to accelerated metabolic demands and is associated with increased whole body substrate availability, including circulating lipids. The hypothesis that increases in hepatic glucagon action stimulate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) expression in a manner modulated by fatty acids was tested in vivo. Wild-type ( gcgr+/+) and glucagon receptor-null ( gcgr−/−) littermate mice were studied using an 18-h fast, exercise, and hyperglucagonemic-euglycemic clamps plus or minus increased circulating lipids. Fasting and exercise in gcgr+/+, but not gcgr−/−mice, increased hepatic phosphorylated AMPKα at threonine 172 (p-AMPKThr172) and PPARα and FGF21 mRNA. Clamp results in gcgr+/+mice demonstrate that hyperlipidemia does not independently impact or modify glucagon-stimulated increases in hepatic AMP/ATP, p-AMPKThr172, or PPARα and FGF21 mRNA. It blunted glucagon-stimulated acetyl-CoA carboxylase phosphorylation, a downstream target of AMPK, and accentuated PPARα and FGF21 expression. All effects were absent in gcgr−/−mice. These findings demonstrate that glucagon exerts a critical regulatory role in liver to stimulate pathways linked to lipid metabolism in vivo and shows for the first time that effects of glucagon on PPARα and FGF21 expression are amplified by a physiological increase in circulating lipids.
Role of Innate Immunity inHelicobacter pylori-Induced Gastric Malignancy
Authors: Peek Richard M. , Fiske Chris , Wilson Keith T.
Published: July 2010

Helicobacter pylori colonizes the majority of persons worldwide, and the ensuing gastric inflammatory response is the strongest singular risk factor for peptic ulceration and gastric cancer. However, only a fraction of colonized individuals ever develop clinically significant outcomes. Disease risk is combinatorial and can be modified by bacterial factors, host responses, and/or specific interactions between host and microbe. Several H. pylori constituents that are required for colonization or virulence have been identified, and their ability to manipulate the host innate immune response will be the focus of this review. Identification of bacterial and host mediators that augment disease risk has profound ramifications for both biomedical researchers and clinicians as such findings will not only provide mechanistic insights into inflammatory carcinogenesis but may also serve to identify high-risk populations of H. pylori-infected individuals who can then be targeted for therapeutic intervention.
Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutical Targets in Huntington's Disease
Authors: Zuccato Chiara , Valenza Marta , Cattaneo Elena
Published: July 2010

Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the gene encoding for huntingtin protein. A lot has been learned about this disease since its first description in 1872 and the identification of its causative gene and mutation in 1993. We now know that the disease is characterized by several molecular and cellular abnormalities whose precise timing and relative roles in pathogenesis have yet to be understood. HD is triggered by the mutant protein, and both gain-of-function (of the mutant protein) and loss-of-function (of the normal protein) mechanisms are involved. Here we review the data that describe the emergence of the ancient huntingtin gene and of the polyglutamine trait during the last 800 million years of evolution. We focus on the known functions of wild-type huntingtin that are fundamental for the survival and functioning of the brain neurons that predominantly degenerate in HD. We summarize data indicating how the loss of these beneficial activities reduces the ability of these neurons to survive. We also review the different mechanisms by which the mutation in huntingtin causes toxicity. This may arise both from cell-autonomous processes and dysfunction of neuronal circuitries. We then focus on novel therapeutical targets and pathways and on the attractive option to counteract HD at its primary source, i.e., by blocking the production of the mutant protein. Strategies and technologies used to screen for candidate HD biomarkers and their potential application are presented. Furthermore, we discuss the opportunities offered by intracerebral cell transplantation and the likely need for these multiple routes into therapies to converge at some point as, ideally, one would wish to stop the disease process and, at the same time, possibly replace the damaged neurons.
Quantitation of p95HER2 in Paraffin Sections by Using a p95-Specific Antibody and Correlation with Outcome in a Cohort of Trastuzumab-Treated Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Sperinde Jeff , Jin Xueguang , Banerjee Jayee , Penuel Elicia , Saha Anasuya , Diedrich Gundo , Huang Weidong , Leitzel Kim , Weidler Jodi , Ali Suhail M. , Fuchs Eva-Maria , Singer Christian F. , Köstler Wolfgang J. , Bates Michael , Parry Gordon , Winslow John , Lipton Allan
Published: July 2010

Purpose: p95HER2 is an NH2-terminally truncated form of HER2 that lacks the trastuzumab binding site and is therefore thought to confer resistance to trastuzumab treatment. In this report, we introduce a new antibody that has enabled the first direct quantitative measurement of p95HER2 in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast cancer tissues. We sought to show that quantitative p95HER2 levels would correlate with outcome in trastuzumab-treated HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer.

Experimental Design: The novel p95HER2 antibody used here was characterized for sensitivity, specificity, and selectivity over full-length HER2. Quantitative p95HER2 levels were measured in 93 metastatic breast tumors using a VeraTag FFPE assay to determine the correlation of p95HER2 levels with outcomes.

Results: Within a cohort of trastuzumab-treated metastatic breast cancer patients, high levels of p95HER2 were found to correlate with shorter progression-free survival [hazard ratio (HR), 1.9; P = 0.017] and overall survival (HR, 2.2; P = 0.012) in patients with tumors selected to be HER2 positive by the VeraTag HER2 assay. For those with tumors found to be fluorescence in situ hybridization positive, elevated p95HER2 correlated similarly with shorter progression-free survival (HR, 1.8; P = 0.022) and overall survival (HR, 2.2; P = 0.009).

Conclusions: We have successfully generated an antibody that can specifically detect p95HER2, and developed an assay to quantify expression in FFPE tumor specimens. Using this novel assay, we have identified a group of HER2-positive patients expressing p95HER2 that have a worse outcome while on trastuzumab. As p95HER2 retains sensitivity to kinase inhibitors, measurement of p95HER2 in breast tumor sections may be useful in guiding treatment for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 16(16); 4226–35. ©2010 AACR.
Dihydroartemisinin Induces Apoptosis by a Bak-Dependent Intrinsic Pathway
Authors: Handrick René , Ontikatze Teona , Bauer Kerstin-Daniela , Freier Florian , Rübel Amelie , Dürig Jan , Belka Claus , Jendrossek Verena
Published: July 2010

The sesquiterpene lactone dihydroartemisinin (DHA), a semisynthetic derivative of the herbal antimalaria drug artemisinin, is cytotoxic to human tumor cells. Treatment of Jurkat T-lymphoma cells with DHA induced a breakdown of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, release of cytochrome c, activation of caspases, and DNA fragmentation indicative of apoptosis induction. Although the absence of FADD or caspase-8 did not alter apoptosis rates in Jurkat cells, overexpression of dominant-negative caspase-9 or of antiapoptotic Bcl-xL or Bcl-2 largely decreased the cytotoxicity of DHA, demonstrating a role of the intrinsic death pathway. The proapoptotic Bcl-2 effector protein Bak and the Bcl-2 homology domain 3–only protein NOXA turned out to be important mediators of DHA-induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells. DHA treatment triggered the expression of NOXA and the activation of Bak. Furthermore, DHA-induced apoptosis was completely abrogated by loss of Bak and largely reduced in cells with siRNA-mediated downregulation of Bak or NOXA. Proapoptotic signaling of DHA also involved the formation of reactive oxygen species and membrane oxidation. Pretreatment with the lipophilic radical scavenger vitamin E or the hydrophilic radical scavengers glutathione and N-acetylcysteine reduced DHA-induced membrane oxidation and apoptosis, respectively. Oxidative changes also occurred in cells with disruption of the mitochondrial death pathway, suggesting a role of reactive oxygen species and oxidative membrane changes in death signaling upstream of the mitochondria. Interestingly, DHA increased the cytotoxic action of ionizing radiation and of the death receptor agonist tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand in Jurkat cells, suggesting a potential benefit of DHA in combined treatment strategies. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(9); 2497–510. ©2010 AACR.
Nitric Oxide Inhibits the Proliferation and Invasion of Pancreatic Cancer Cells through Degradation of Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 Protein
Authors: Sugita Hiroki , Kaneki Masao , Furuhashi Satoshi , Hirota Masahiko , Takamori Hiroshi , Baba Hideo
Published: July 2010

Nitric oxide (NO), which plays a role in the posttranslational modification of proteins, exhibits tumoricidal activity. However, the mechanism remains largely unclear. We investigated whether the regulation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 protein expression and insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling by NO is involved in the proliferation and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. NO donor inhibited insulin/IGF-I–stimulated phosphorylation of insulin receptor/IGF-I receptor, IRS-1, Akt/PKB, and glycogen synthase kinase-3β along with decreased expression of IRS-1 protein in MIAPaCa-2 cells, whereas NO donor enhanced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2. In contrast, a selective inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, 1400W, upregulated the expression of IRS-1 protein and the phosphorylation of IRS-1, Akt/PKB, and glycogen synthase kinase-3β, along with enhanced proliferation and invasion of Panc-1 cells expressing inducible nitric oxide synthase protein. NO donor induced IRS-1 protein reduction through increased ubiquitination and degradation. For the detection of the site responsible for NO-induced ubiquitination, IRS-1 deletion mutant genes were transfected and overexpressed in MIAPaCa-2 cells. The results indicate that the COOH terminus of the IRS-1 protein is required for NO donor–induced ubiquitination and protein degradation. Cells stably transfected with COOH-terminal deletion mutants of IRS-1 exhibited reduced IGF signaling and cell proliferation compared with vector alone–transfected cells, with no influence of NO on IGF signaling and invasion, although stable transfectants with full-length IRS-1 protein exhibited remarkable NO-induced reduction in IGF signaling, cell proliferation, and invasion. These findings indicate that NO inhibits the proliferation and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells, at least in part, through upregulation of IRS-1 protein degradation and resultant downregulation of the insulin/IGF-I-Akt pathway. Mol Cancer Res; 8(8); 1152–63. ©2010 AACR.
The Cytoplasmic Domain of Tissue Factor Restricts Physiological Albuminuria and Pathological Proteinuria Associated with Glomerulonephritis in Mice
Authors: Apostolopoulos Jim , Moussa Leon , Tipping Peter G.
Published: July 2010

Background/Aims: Tissue factor (TF) is a transmembrane protein that is essential for coagulation. TF is expressed on podocytes and its cytoplasmic domain has cell signalling functions in epithelial cells. Methods: Mice lacking the cytoplasmic domain of TF (TFCT–/– mice) were used to study its role in physiological albuminuria and pathological proteinuria following induction of glomerulonephritis (GN). Results: Absence of the cytoplasmic domain of TF was associated with increased albuminuria, podocyte effacement, reduced podocyte numbers and increased spontaneous glomerular tumour necrosis factor α(TNFα) production under physiological conditions. In mice developing GN, absence of the cytoplasmic domain of TF resulted in increased proteinuria and enhanced renal TNFα production without altering other parameters of renal inflammation and injury. Studies in TFCT–/– chimeric mice (created by bone marrow transplantation) showed increased proteinuria and renal TNFα mRNA in GN was associated with absence of the cytoplasmic domain of TF in the kidney and was independent of the leucocyte phenotype. Conclusion: These studies demonstrate that the cytoplasmic domain of TF contributes to renal albumin retention and its renal expression protects against proteinuria in leucocyte-mediated renal inflammation. Increased glomerular production of TNFα in the absence of cytoplasmic domain of TF may contribute to podocyte injury resulting in albuminuria and proteinuria.
Smooth Muscle Hyperplasia in an Asthmatic Patient: Do We Know It All?
Authors: Ergan-Arsava Begum , Karakaya Gul , Firat Pinar , Kalyoncu A. Fuat
Published: July 2010

Bronchial smooth muscle hyperplasia is a well-known structural change in asthma. The degree of hyperplasia is related to asthma severity. We report a case of extreme smooth muscle hyperplasia in an asthmatic patient. A 54-year-old female with a diagnosis of analgesic-induced asthma was admitted to our center for nasal polyposis surgery. During her preoperative evaluation, atelectasis of the right middle lobe was detected on chest X-ray. Bronchoscopy revealed the presence of a vegetating polypoid mass obliterating the entrance of the right middle lobe. Histopathological examination of the surgically excised polypoid mass showed benign smooth muscle proliferation with diffuse eosinophilic infiltration. This is a rare case representing an extreme example of benign smooth muscle hyperplasia forming an endobronchial mass in an asthmatic patient.
Differential Involvement of Somatosensory and Interoceptive Cortices during the Observation of Affective Touch
Authors: Ebisch Sjoerd J. H. , Ferri Francesca , Salone Anatolia , Perrucci Mauro Gianni , D'Amico Luigi , Ferro Filippo Maria , Romani Gian Luca , Gallese Vittorio
Published: July 2010

Previous studies suggested that the observation of other individuals' somatosensory experiences also activates brain circuits processing one's own somatosensory experiences. However, it is unclear whether cortical regions involved with the elementary stages of touch processing are also involved in the automatic coding of the affective consequences of observed touch and to which extent they show overlapping activation for somatosensory experiences of self and others. In order to investigate these issues, in the present fMRI study, healthy participants either experienced touch or watched videos depicting other individuals' inanimate and animate/social touch experiences. Essentially, a distinction can be made between exteroceptive and interoceptive components of touch processing, involved with physical stimulus characteristics and internal feeling states, respectively. Consistent with this distinction, a specific negative modulation was found in the posterior insula by the mere visual perception of other individuals' social or affective cutaneous experiences, compared to neutral inanimate touch. On the other hand, activation in secondary somatosensory and posterior superior temporal regions, strongest for the most intense stimuli, seemed more dependent on the observed physical stimulus characteristics. In contrast to the detected vicarious activation in somatosensory regions, opposite activation patterns for the experience (positive modulation) and observation (negative modulation) of touch suggest that the posterior insula does not reflect a shared representation of self and others' experiences. Embedded in a distributed network of brain regions underpinning a sense of the bodily self, the posterior insula rather appears to differentiate between self and other conditions when affective experiences are implicated.
The integrated implementation of two end-of-life care tools in nursing care homes in the UK: an in-depth evaluation
Authors: Hockley J. , Watson J. , Oxenham D. , Murray S.A.
Published: July 2010

In economically developed countries there is a rapidly increasing number of older people living and dying in care homes. The relative isolation of nursing care homes from the development of palliative care, the poor retention and recruitment of staff, and the lack of medical cover, hinder the provision of quality end-of-life care. End-of-life care strategies internationally highlight the benefit of using tools to help improve end-of-life care in care homes. All seven private nursing care homes within one district in Scotland undertook to implement, as a package, two end-of-life care tools, namely, the Gold Standards Framework for Care Homes (GSFCH) and an adapted Liverpool Care Pathway for Care Homes (LCP). A model of high facilitation, visiting the homes every 10—14 days with significant in-house staff training, was used to implement the 18-month programme. The notes of 228 residents who had died prior to and during the project were examined, alongside a staff audit looking at the effect that the project had on practice. A nurse researcher undertook qualitative interviews of bereaved relatives, pre-/post-implementation. This paper reports the results of an in-depth evaluation of professional practices and residents outcomes. There was a highly statistically significant increase in use of Do Not Attempt Resuscitation (DNAR) documentation, advance care planning and use of the LCP. An apparent reduction in unnecessary hospital admissions and a reduction in hospital deaths from 15% deaths pre-study to 8% deaths post-study were also found. Further work is needed to assess the optimum input required for successful implementation.
Thinning Knowledge: An Interpretive Field Study of Knowledge-Sharing Practices of Firms in Three Multinational Contexts
Authors: Kasper Helmut , Lehrer Mark , Mühlbacher Jürgen , Müller Barbara
Published: July 2010

Knowledge is often tacit and “sticky,” that is, highly context-specific and, therefore, costly to transfer to a different setting. This article examines the methods used by firms to facilitate cross-site knowledge sharing by “thinning” knowledge, that is, by stripping knowledge of its contextual richness. An interview-based study of cross-site knowledge sharing in three industries (consulting, industrial materials, and high-tech products) indicates that highly developed knowledge-sharing systems do not necessarily involve extensive codification and recombination of personalized knowledge. Many multinational firms evidently conceive their knowledge-sharing systems with more modest objectives in mind than any large-scale “learning spirals” featuring iterative conversion of personalized knowledge into codified knowledge and vice versa. A typology of knowledge-thinning systems is derived by interpreting the field study results from the perspective of knowledge-thinning methods used in earlier eras of history. The typology encompasses topographical, statistical, and diagrammatic knowledge-thinning systems.
Moving Toward Transportation Asset Management
Authors: Lownes Nicholas E. , Zofka Adam M. , Pantelias Aristeidis
Published: July 2010

A shift to a holistic Transportation Asset Management (TAM) policy is often a major change in the way a transportation agency approaches investment in its transportation assets. Around the country, states are finding this shift worthwhile as they are steadily seeing the condition of their assets improve and their resource allocation decisions galvanizing around an increasingly coherent vision for their transportation infrastructure. This article presents the salient features of existing TAM systems for states and agencies considering such a shift. Additionally, focus groups of Connecticut transportation managers and decision makers were undertaken to identify current activities that could be leveraged and built upon in a full TAM-supportive policy. The findings of this study indicate that states considering the adoption of a holistic TAM policy should consider using five concepts (the 5Cs) as a strategy for TAM implementation: clarity, communication, champion, consistent, and comprehensive.
Effect of Repetitive Arm Cycling Following Botulinum Toxin Injection for Poststroke Spasticity: Evidence From fMRI
Authors: Diserens Karin , Ruegg Dieter , Kleiser Raimund , Hyde Sandrine , Perret Nicolas , Vuadens Philippe , Fornari Eleonora , Vingerhoets Francois , Seitz Rüdiger J.
Published: July 2010

Background and objective . Investigations were performed to establish if repetitive arm cycling training enhances the antispastic effect of intramuscular botulinum toxin (BTX) injections in postischemic spastic hemiparesis. Effects on cerebral activation were evaluated by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods. Eight chronic spastic hemisyndrome patients (49 ± 10 years) after middle cerebral artery infarction (5.5 ± 2.7 years) were investigated. BTX was injected into the affected arm twice, 6 months apart. Spasticity was assessed using the Ashworth Scale and range of motion before and 3 months after BTX injections. Images were analyzed using Brain Voyager QX 1.8, and fMRI signal changes were corrected for multiple comparisons. Results. During passive movements of affected and nonaffected hands, fMRI activity was increased bilaterally in the sensorimotor cortex (MISI), secondary somatosensory areas (SII), and supplementary motor area predominantly in the contralesional hemisphere, compared with the rest. Following repetitive arm cycling, fMRI activity increased further in MISI of the lesioned hemisphere and SII of the contralesional hemisphere. For patients with residual motor activity, treatment-related fMRI activity increases were associated with reduced spasticity; in completely plegic patients, there was no fMRI activity change in SII but increased spasticity after training. Conclusion. Increased activity in SII of the contralesional hemisphere and in MISI of the lesioned hemisphere reflect a treatment-induced effect in the paretic arm. It is hypothesized that the increased BOLD activity results from increased afferent information related to the antispastic BTX effect reinforced by training.
A New Methodology for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Casualty Estimation over Time
Authors: Disraelly Deena S. , Walsh Terri J. , Zirkle Robert A.
Published: July 2010

The Human Response Injury Profile (HRIP) methodology incorporates three different agent-specific approaches to provide an estimate of casualties occurring as a consequence of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear attacks against military targets for planning purposes. The three approaches — chemical, radiological, and nuclear; non-contagious biological; and contagious biological — all develop user-defined, time-based casualty and fatality estimates based on maps, or progressions, of underlying symptoms (and signs for biological agents) and their severity changes over time. This paper provides a general overview of the HRIP, as well as of each of the three component approaches, including inputs, human response, and the casualty estimation processes.
Building Relationships Step by Step: One Teacher Leader’s Journey
Authors: Mangin Melinda M.
Published: July 2010

This case describes how Hannah, a new math specialist, strives to create a positive math culture in her elementary school. Along the way, she works to build relationships with the teachers and the school principal. The accompanying teaching notes facilitate analysis of the case from the perspective of professional relationships in schools.
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for adult Philadelphia chromosome–negative acute lymphocytic leukemia: comparable survival rates but different risk factors between related and unrelated transplantation in first complete remission
Authors: Nishiwaki Satoshi , Inamoto Yoshihiro , Sakamaki Hisashi , Kurokawa Mineo , Iida Hiroatsu , Ogawa Hiroyasu , Fukuda Takahiro , Ozawa Yukiyasu , Kobayashi Naoki , Kasai Masanobu , Mori Takehiko , Iwato Koji , Yoshida Takashi , Onizuka Makoto , Kawa Keisei , Morishima Yasuo , Suzuki Ritsuro , Atsuta Yoshiko , Miyamura Koichi
Published: July 2010

To identify factors to improve the outcomes of related and unrelated allogeneic stem cell transplantations (allo-SCT) for Philadelphia chromosome–negative acute lymphocytic leukemia (Ph− ALL) in the first complete remission (CR1), we retrospectively analyzed 1139 Ph− ALL patients using the registry data, particularly the details of 641 patients transplanted in CR1. Overall survival was significantly superior among patients transplanted in CR1, but no significant difference was observed between related and unrelated allo-SCTs (related vs unrelated: 65% vs 62% at 4 years, respectively; P = .19). Among patients transplanted in CR1, relapse rates were significantly higher in related allo-SCT compared with unrelated allo-SCT, and multivariate analysis demonstrated that less than 6 months from diagnosis to allo-SCT alone was associated with relapse. On the other hand, nonrelapse mortality (NRM) was significantly higher in unrelated allo-SCT compared with related allo-SCT, and multivariate analysis demonstrated that 10 months or longer from diagnosis to allo-SCT, human leukocyte antigen mismatch, and abnormal karyotype were associated with NRM. In conclusion, our study showed comparable survival rates but different relapse rates, NRM rates, and risk factors between related and unrelated allo-SCTs. After a close consideration of these factors, the outcome of allo-SCT for adult Ph− ALL in CR1 could be improved.
Treatment of progression of Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms to myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloid leukemia by azacitidine: a report on 54 cases on the behalf of the Groupe Francophone des Myelodysplasies (GFM)
Authors: Thepot Sylvain , Itzykson Raphael , Seegers Valerie , Raffoux Emmanuel , Quesnel Bruno , Chait Yasmine , Sorin Lucile , Dreyfus Francois , Cluzeau Thomas , Delaunay Jacques , Sanhes Laurence , Eclache Virginie , Dartigeas Caroline , Turlure Pascal , Harel Stephanie , Salanoubat Celia , Kiladjian Jean-Jacques , Fenaux Pierre , Adès Lionel
Published: July 2010

Transformation of Philadelphia (Ph)–negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) to myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with poor response to chemotherapy and short survival. Fifty-four patients with Ph-negative MPN (including 21 essential thrombocythemia [ET], 21 polycythemia vera [PV], 7 primary myelofibrosis, and 5 unclassified MPN) who had progressed to AML (n = 26) or MDS (n = 28) were treated with azacitidine in a patient-named program. Overall response rate was 52% (24% complete response [CR], 11% partial response [PR], 8% marrow CR or CR with incomplete recovery of cytopenias, 9% hematologic improvement) and median response duration was 9 months. Prognostic factors were for overall response the underlying MPN (71% vs 33% responses in ET and PV, respectively; P = .016); prognostic factors for CR achievement were the underlying MPN (14% CR for PV vs 43% for ET; P = .040) and World Health Organization classification at transformation (36% vs 12% CR in MDS and AML, respectively, P = .038). Recurrence of chronic phase features of the initial MPN was observed in 39% of the responders. Median overall survival was 11 months. Azacitidine gives encouraging results in Ph-negative MPN having progressed to AML or MDS, but response duration is short, and consolidation treatments have to be evaluated.
The cyclin A centrosomal localization sequence recruits MCM5 and Orc1 to regulate centrosome reduplication
Authors: Ferguson Rebecca L. , Pascreau Gaetan , Maller James L.
Published: July 2010

Centrosomes are the major microtubule-organizing centers in animal cells and regulate formation of a bipolar mitotic spindle. Aberrant centrosome number causes chromosome mis-segregation, and has been implicated in genomic instability and tumor development. Previous studies have demonstrated a role for the DNA replication factors MCM5 and Orc1 in preventing centrosome reduplication. Cyclin A-Cdk2 localizes on centrosomes by means of a modular centrosomal localization sequence (CLS) that is distinct from that of cyclin E. Here, we show that cyclin A interacts with both MCM5 and Orc1 in a CLS-dependent but Cdk-independent manner. Although the MRAIL hydrophobic patch is contained within the cyclin A CLS, binding of both MCM5 and Orc1 to cyclin A does not require a wild-type hydrophobic patch. The same domain in MCM5 that mediates interaction with cyclin E also binds cyclin A, resulting in centrosomal localization of MCM5. Finally, unlike its function in DNA synthesis, MCM5-mediated inhibition of centrosome reduplication in S-phase-arrested CHO cells does not require binding to other MCM family members. These results suggest that cyclins E and A sequentially prevent centrosome reduplication throughout interphase by recruitment of DNA replication factors such as MCM5 and Orc1.
Bhakti and Ashiqi: The syncretic heritage of Hindi cinema
Authors: Roy Anjali Gera
Published: July 2010

The thematic and formal difference between Hindi cinema and other cinemas is predicated on its being structured by the principles of oral narrative traditions. South Asian film scholars have convincingly located its origins in indigenous narrative and performing arts. Their examination
of Indian epic, narrative, visual and theatrical traditions underpinning cinematic texts has elevated Hindi cinema from a bad copy of Euro-American cinema to an alternative cinematic genre with a distinctive visual and narrative grammar derived from a diversity of ancient and modern sources.
While these studies engage in great depth with the ancient legacies of the epics the Mahabharata and the Ramayana and with more recent ones such as Parsi theatre and calendar art, which reveal a certain intermediality, their privileging of the Hindi film's Hindu Sanskritic sources over others
marginalizes those producing a homogenous discourse of indigeneity. While acknowledging the contribution of the dominant Hindu Sanskritic tradition to the shaping of popular Hindi cinema, this article aims to explore the alternative narrative streams that have irrigated storytelling in Hindi
films, particularly the alternative Perso-Arabic legacy that has been erased or marginalized in the studies of Hindi cinema. Through tracing the imbrication of the Perso-Arabic heritage with the Hindu Sanskritic, it aims to show that its inherent syncreticism makes a diverse variety of cinematic
audiences identify with the narrative conflicts in Hindi cinema.
Book Reviews
Authors: Remedios Karen , Subramanian Shreerekha
Published: July 2010

Narratives of Indian Cinema, Manju Jain (Ed.) (2009) New Delhi: Primus, 274 pp., ISBN 978-81-908918-4-4, Hardback, Rs. 900

Untimely Bollywood: Globalization and India's New Media Assemblage, Amit S. Rai (2009) Durham: Duke University Press, 303 pgs., ISBN
978-0-8223-4412-4, $24.95
Chemical Clustering for Risk Assessment: Fatty Alcohol Alkoxylates
Authors: Lindner Gregory J.
Published: July 2010

Fatty alcohol alkoxylates are non-ionic surface active compounds comprised of a hydrophobic fatty alcohol moiety of variable chain length linked to a hydrophilic polyalkoxylate chain of repeating alkylene oxide subunits containing ethylene and propylene oxides. Materials falling inside this group that are derived from a fatty alcohol and ethylene oxide alone are referred to as fatty alcohol ethoxylates. The unifying features of this class include (1) the use of fatty alcohol fractions drawn from alkyl chains between 4 and 100 carbons in length, each with deliberately wide or narrow ranges and falling within or across specific groups, and (2) the chemical addition to these fractions of specific numbers of repeating structural units of an alkylene oxide in molar ratios ranging from 2 to 100 for ethylene oxide and from 0 to 30 for propylene oxide. A useful rationale establishing the cohesiveness of grouping, or “clustering,” of this family of chemistry is described based on a comparison of similarities across chemical structures contained in the cluster, the continuum of predictable change in associated physiochemical properties, and the accompanying consistency in underlying biological data. A semiquantitative approach is described using the accessible non-confidential information.
Respostas fisiológicas em cultivares de soja submetidas ao alagamento em diferentes estádios
Authors: Fante Camila Argenta , Alves José Donizeti , Goulart Patrícia de Fátima Pereira , Deuner Sidnei , Silveira Neidiquele Maria
Published: July 2010

A soja é um dos produtos agrícolas de maior importância no Brasil, e segundo maior produtor mundial. A tolerância ao excesso de umidade do solo e da rápida recuperação com o término do alagamento são características desta cultura, porém, a deficiência de oxigênio, causada pelo excesso de água, é um dos fatores determinantes que pode reduzir sua produtividade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o comportamento de três cultivares de soja ao alagamento em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento, por meio de análise da produção de massa seca, metabolismo de carboidratos e atividade das enzimas do metabolismo anaeróbio. O experimento foi desenvolvido na Universidade Federal de Lavras (MG), em 2007. As cultivares BRS 267, BRS 257 e BRS 213 foram submetidas a 15 dias de alagamento, nos estádios V6 e V8 e 11 dias no estádio R4. Os resultados revelaram redução na produção de massa seca nos tratamentos alagados no estádio V8 para a cultivar BRS 267 e no estádio V6 para BRS 257 e BRS 213; esta última foi a mais tolerante ao alagamento, pois obteve o menor decréscimo de massa seca em relação ao controle. O alagamento também induziu aumento nos teores de amido e açúcares solúveis totais nas folhas, assim como maior atividade das enzimas álcool desidrogenase e piruvato descarboxilase para as três cultivares, quando comparadas a seus respectivos controles. Já para a enzima lactato desidrogenase, essa diferença foi menos expressiva. Esses resultados revelam comportamentos distintos comparando as três cultivares.
FT-Raman spectroscopy for the differentiation between cutaneous melanoma and pigmented nevus
Authors: Cartaxo Sidney Bandeira , Santos Ivan Dunshee de Abranches Oliveira , Bitar Renata , Oliveira Andréa Fernandes , Ferreira Lydia Masako , Martinho Herculano Silva , Martin Airton Abrahão
Published: July 2010

Cutaneous melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer and Ft-Raman spectroscopy has been studied as a potential method that could be a real alternative for early diagnosis of neoplasms. PURPOSE: To qualify the spectral FT-Raman data, in order to differentiate cutaneous melanoma and pigmented nevus. METHODS: For this study, 10 samples of cutaneous melanoma, 9 samples of pigmented nevi, and 10 samples of normal skin were obtained by incisional biopsies performed during plastic surgeries ex vivo, immediately after removing the surgical sample. RESULTS: The FT-Raman spectra of each group presented a high correlation between the elements of the same group, thus favoring the elaboration of spectral averages. When analyzing the spectral standard of each group, the normal skin standard did not show a significant variation between the spectra; the standard of the pigmented nevi group showed significant variation, and the cutaneous melanoma group also showed variation. Through univariate analysis, specific bands were detected for each vibrational mode identified. The discriminatory analysis of the data showed a 75.3% efficiency of the differentiation between the three groups studied. CONCLUSION: The vibrational modes Polysaccharides, Tyrosine and Amide-I differentiated the melanoma from the pigmented nevus.
A Comparison of the Effect of Complete and Partial Cross‐pollination of Alfalfa on Pod Sets, Seeds Per Pod, and Pod and Seed Weight1
Authors: Pedersen M. W. , Petersen H. L. , Bohart G. E. , Levin M. D.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

On each of 6 pairs of alfalfa clones, all flowers on 1 member and one third on the other were cross‐pollinated. With “one third”, 66.4% formed pods with an average weight of 12.7 mg., while with “all flowers”, 46.7% formed pods of 11.3 mg. average weight. Clones differed in percentage of cross‐pollinated flowers forming pods but behaved similarly at the high and low intensities. Both pod weight and pod set varied for different dates among clones but in no consistent trend. Heavier pods at low cross‐pollination intensity are attributed to heavier seeds and pod tissue rather than number of seeds per pod.
Maturation and Yield of Corn as Influenced by Climate and Production Technique1
Authors: Andrew R. H. , Ferwerda F. P. , Strommen A. M.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Yield comparisons of two corn hybrids, W240 and W255, grown at Wageningen, Netherlands, and Spooner, Wis., showed maximum yields averaging 110 bushels per acre at Wageningen and 68 at Spooner; 5‐year averages for W240 were 86.1 and 62.9 respectively. Higher plant populations (28,907 per acre at Wageningen, 11,784 in Wisconsin), uniform rainfall distribution, higher soil fertility, and lower disease incidence contributed to high yields at Wageningen. The stage of maximum maturity required up to 9 more weeks growing season and occurred as much as 6 weeks later at Wageningen than at Spooner.
Evaluation of the Emergence Force Exerted by Seedlings of Small Seeded Legumes Using Probit Analysis1
Authors: Williams W. A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

A technique is reported for measuring the emergence force exerted by small seeded species. Germinating seedlings were subjected to the vertical force of weighted glass rods while being restrained laterally by glass tubing. Substantial movement of the rod was recorded as evidence that the seedling exerted a force equal to the weight of the rod. Results were analyzed by the method of probits, and an illustration is presented of the estimation of the median emergence force, a population parameter. The emergence force is very closely associated with the seed weight of the four species of Leguminosae tested.
Standard Errors of Field Experiments at the Farm Crop Institute, Agricultural College of Norway1
Authors: Njos Arnor , Nissen Oivind
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

In calculating standard errors for 349 experiments carried out in 1951‐54, average C.V. values varied from 7.1% in barley trials to 14.5% in timothy trials, second cut. The range for 93% of the C.V.'s was from 3 to 17%. C.V.'s were larger in outlying experiments than on the main experimental farm, the average difference of 1.7% being significant. Variation in number of treatments, plot size, and yield level, accounted for 10 to 35% of the total variability in the C.V.'s.
Establishing Legumes in Corn1
Authors: Pendleton J. W. , Jackobs J. A. , Slife F. W. , Bateman H. P.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Alfalfa was established successfully in corn by planting the alfalfa the same day as corn. High corn yields were obtained when a 20‐inch area over the corn row was kept weed free and the alfalfa between the rows was clipped. Sixty‐inch rows produced 92% and 80‐inch rows produced 80% as much corn grain as that produced in 40‐inch rows. Lespedeza and alfalfa were the easiest legumes to establish under summer seeding conditions.
Root Distribution of Some Irrigated Crops Using Undisrupted Soil Cores1
Authors: Bloodworth M. E. , Burleson C. A. , Cowley W. R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

In irrigated areas where a “plowsole” layer existed, a large percentage of plant roots were found to occupy the first foot of soil and especially the first 6 inches. The number and size distribution of roots per increment of soil depth gave a better comparison between different crops from the standpoint of soil physical properties than a comparison of root weights alone.
Response of Soybeans to Leaf and Pod Removal1
Authors: McAlister Dean F. , Krober Orland A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Defoliation caused reduction in all measures of yield. Severe, 80%, depodding reduced seed yield but increased weight per seed and stem yield. Moderate depodding, up to 40%, increased seed weight enough to maintain seed yield. Eighty percent depodding increased sugars, starch, and nitrogen in leaves and stems. Eighty percent defoliation increased the iodine number of seed oil, but decreased the oil and protein in seeds. Depodding increased seed protein but decreased the oil content and iodine number.
Cotton Fiber Development Studies at Suboptimum Temperatures1
Authors: Hessler L. E. , Lane H. C. , Young A. W.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Cotton grown under adverse environment showed a close relationship between cellulose, reducing sugar ratio and temperature deficiency. Low temperatures during boll development caused reduced cellulose synthesis and the accumulation of sugars in the boll, indicating temperature dependence of cotton fiber production. Fiber properties varied with boll development and from early to late season. High correlation between cellulose and crystallinity, and between crystallinity and strength for developing cotton bolls show the relation between chemical structure and fiber development.
Evidence of Non‐Allelic Gene Interaction in Determining Yield, Ear Height, and Kernel Row Number in Corn1
Authors: Bauman Loyal F.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Epistatic gene action was found to be involved in determining yield, ear height, and kernel row number in corn. However, significant epistasis × year interactions were found in some cases. The epistatic deviations in some cases, therefore, may be similar to or a part of the genotype‐environment interactions normally encountered. The method employed proved relatively ineffective in detecting epistasis.
Volatile Loss of Ammonia Following Surface Application of Urea to Turf or Bare Soils1
Authors: Volk Gaylord M.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Losses of nitrogen as ammonia during 7 days following surface application of 100 pounds of dry urea‐nitrogen were 20 to 30% for 4 different grass sods, and 17 to 59% for acid light sandy soils. Losses from ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulfate were negligible. Losses From urea solution were similar to those from dry urea for turf but much less for soils.
Genetics of Greenbug (Toxoptera Graminum Rond.) Resistance in Two Strains of Common Wheat1
Authors: Curtis Byrd C. , Schlehuber A. M. , Wood E. A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The F1, F2, F3, and backcross hybrids of the greenbug‐resistant varieties Dickinson Selection 28A and C.I. 9058 crossed with the susceptible varieties Ponca, Concho, and Crockett, and with each other, revealed that resistance is conditioned by a single recessive gene pair, common to both resistant strains. The gene symbol gbgb was assigned.
Net Radiation Determinations in a Cornfield1
Authors: Aubertin G. M. , Peters D. B.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Plant populations and row widths affect the relative amounts of energy absorbed by the plants and by the soil. A considerable increase in absorption of light energy within the crop canopy can be achieved through the process of spatial distribution of plants in a cornfield. The data emphasize the necessity of low populations and wide row widths under semi‐arid conditions.
Use of the Relationship of Stocking Rate to Gain of Cattle in an Experimental Design for Grazing Trials1
Authors: Riewe Marvin E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

A review of stocking rate studies revealed in most cases a significant negative correlation between stocking rate and gain per animal. An experimental design for grazing trials is suggested which utilizes three or more stocking rates per pasture treatment. Replications are not required. Statistical analysis is accomplished with covariance analysis.
Seed Yields of Birdsfoot Trefoil, Lotus corniculatus L., as Affected by Preharvest Clipping Combined with Control of Injurious Insects1
Authors: Bader K. L. , Anderson S. R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Removal of spring and early summer forage growth of birdsfoot trefoil does not result in increased seed yields of birdsfoot trefoil as compared to unclipped stands. Higher seed yields of birdsfoot trefoil may be expected if meadow spittlebug, lygus bug, and potato leafhoppers are controlled.
Seedling Emergence Rate of Fall‐sown Wheat and Its Association with Plant Height and Coleoptile Length1
Authors: Allan R. E. , Vogel O. A. , Peterson C. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Significant differences in the emergence rate index (E.R.I.) were observed for a group of standard height and semidwarf selections as well as for groups of club and common semidwarf selections. Indexes were found to correlate positively with matureplant heights and coleoptile lengths of seedlings grown at 50° and 90° F. Partial correlations indicated that associations between E.R.I. and plant height and E.R.I. and coleoptile length were closely related.
Effect of Hexadecanol and Octadecanol on Efficiency of Water Use and Growth of Corn1
Authors: Olsen S. R. , Watanabe F. S. , Kemper W. D. , Clark F. E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

There was no evidence that these materials could bring about a saving in water use by corn in the greenhouse.