bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Properties of secondary particles for ion beam sputtering of silicon using low-energy oxygen ions
Authors: Oh Kyunghwan , Kalanov Dmitry , Anders André , Bundesmann Carsten
Published: April 2020

The properties of secondary particles for sputtering silicon with primary low-energy oxygen ions were investigated with dependence on the primary ion energy Eion and geometric parameters (ion incidence angle, polar emission angle, and scattering angle). The mass and energy distributions of the secondary particles were measured by energy-selective mass spectrometry. The experimental results were compared with simulations using the Monte Carlo code sdtrimsp and with calculations based on a simple elastic binary collision model. The main secondary ion species were found to be O+, O2+, Si+, and SiO+. Their energy distribution functions depend on the primary ion energy Eion and the scattering angle γ. For O+, Si+, and SiO+ ions, a decreasing scattering angle γ or an increasing primary ion energy Eion leads to a pronounced feature in the high-energy part of the distributions. The energy distributions of the secondary O2+ ions show hardly any changes with regard to the primary ion energy or the scattering angle γ. In the case of the O+ ions, the energy distribution appears to reflect several direct scattering channels, which could be associated with the primary ion energy Eion, and half of the ion energy Eion/2. The present experimental results are compared with previous investigations for the sputtering of Si with the noble gas ions, such as Ne+, Ar+, and Xe+.
Comparative study of thermal and radical-enhanced methods for growing boron nitride films from diborane and ammonia
Authors: Apaydin Ramazan O. , Onnink Arnoud J. , Liu Xingyu , Aarnink Antonius A. I. , de Jong Michel P. , Gravesteijn Dirk J. , Kovalgin Alexey Y.
Published: April 2020

This work studies the deposition of boron/boron nitride (B/BN) composite films at low substrate temperature (275–375 °C) by alternating pulses of diborane (B2H6) and ammonia (NH3) with argon purging in between to avoid gas-phase reactions of the precursors. This process is similar to atomic layer deposition in which the dominance of surface reactions simplifies the growth mechanism. However, non-self-limiting decomposition of B2H6 and incomplete nitridation lead to the incorporation of pure boron (pure-B), causing deviation from the desired 1:1 B:N stoichiometry. Using the pure-B fraction as a measure of incomplete nitridation, this article describes consecutive experiments to control this effect and ultimately understand it in the context of a surface reaction model. First, it is demonstrated that, in a purely thermal mode, the growth of the layers and their composition strongly depend on the total gas pressure. The pure-B content (not to be confused with the total boron content) could thus be varied in the range of ∼6–70 vol. %. Next, enhancement of nitridation by the dissociation of NH3 into reactive radicals using a hot-wire was found to be insufficient to produce stoichiometric BN. Finally, plasma-assisted deposition at 310 °C resulted in nearly stoichiometric polycrystalline BN with an interplane distance matching that of hexagonal BN; the material was stable in air for at least six months. The pressure dependence in the purely thermal mode is consistent with a growth model of BN from B2H6 and NH3 via the so-called surface-adduct mechanism. The effects of the radical-enhanced methods on nitridation are explained using this model.
Self and cross-mode interactions in a weakly nonlinear two-dimensional structural-acoustic waveguide
Authors: Bharat Biswajit , Sonti Venkata R.
Published: April 2020

In this study, that is entirely semi-analytical, weakly nonlinear wave propagation in an infinite two-dimensional structural-acoustic waveguide is studied. The lower boundary of the waveguide is a rigid wall, while the top boundary is a flexible plate. Both in-plane and transverse displacements are included in the flexible plate model. The acoustic fluid and the plate are modeled using standard nonlinear equations. The waveguide is driven by an oscillating piston at the origin. The regular perturbation method is used to separate the equations at linear and nonlinear order. The self- and cross-mode interactions of the non-orthogonal propagating modes are solved for. It is found that in the self-mode interactions, resonances occur both in pressure and in the in-plane plate displacement at their own different frequencies. Whereas in the cross-mode interactions, there is no in-plane plate resonance and mostly beats (in space) occur except at some frequencies where resonance in pressure is seen. Also, boundary flexibility reduces the number of resonances drastically in comparison to the rigid waveguide. The relevant conditions and closed form solutions are derived for the resonance cases. It is also observed among the nonresonant solutions (or beats) that below the coincidence frequency, the bending mode dominates, and above the coincidence frequency, the acoustic mode dominates.
Comparison of the Y-Balance Test and Star Excursion Balance Test: Utilization of a Discrete Event Simulation
Authors: Gabriel Emily H. , Powden Cameron J. , Hoch Matthew C.
Published: April 2020

Context: The Y-Balance Test (YBT) and Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) are commonly used to detect deficits in dynamic postural control. There is a lack of literature on the differences in reach distances and efficiency of the tests. Objective: To compare the reach distances of the YBT and SEBT. An additional aim was to compare the time necessary to administer the 2 tests and utilize a discrete event simulation to determine the number of participants who could be screened within different scenarios. Design: Cross-sectional. Laboratory Patients: Twenty-four physically active individuals between the ages of 18–35 years volunteered to participate in this study (M/F: 11/13; age 22.78 [2.63] y, height 68.22 [4.32] cm, mass 173.27 [10.96] kg). Intervention: The participants reported to the laboratory on one occasion and performed the YBT and SEBT. The anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral reach distances were recorded for each test. In addition, the time to administer each test was recorded in seconds. Main Outcome Measures: The average reach distances and time for each test were used for analysis. Paired t tests were utilized to compare the reach distances and time to administer the 2 tests. A discrete event simulation was used to determine how many participants could be screened using each test. Results: The anterior reach for the SEBT (64.52% [6.07%]) was significantly greater than the YBT (61.66% [6.37%]; P < .01). The administration time for the YBT (512.42 [123.97] s) was significantly longer than the administration time for the SEBT (364.96 [69.46] s; P < .01). The discrete event simulation revealed more participants could be screened using the SEBT when compared with the YBT for every situation. Conclusion: Scores on the anterior reach of the SEBT are larger when compared with the YBT. The discrete event simulation can successfully be used to determine how many participants could be screened with a certain amount of resources given the use of a specific test.
Too Rough for Bare Heads: The Adoption of Helmets and Masks in North American Ice Hockey, 1959–79
Authors: Bachynski Kathleen E.
Published: April 2020

On November 1, 1959, a flying hockey puck broke the nose of goalie Jacques Plante. Thereafter, he insisted on wearing a face mask, a decision that signaled a broader introduction of safety equipment into North American ice hockey. This paper examines how head and facial protection became a standard requirement for playing hockey in North America at amateur and professional levels of the sport. During the mid-twentieth century, national governing bodies confronted growing safety concerns amid rising participation in organized hockey. Yet in the absence of league-wide mandates, players generally did not sustain helmet use. From the 1950s through the 1970s, masks for goalies and helmets and facial protection for skaters were mandated to protect against injuries. In the context of contemporary concussion concerns, the history of debates over hockey head and face protection illustrates the array of social, cultural, and organizational factors behind measures to protect athletes’ health.
Social Integration of People With a Migration Background in European Sports Clubs
Authors: Nagel Siegfried , Elmose-Østerlund Karsten , Adler Zwahlen Jenny , Schlesinger Torsten
Published: April 2020

Policy makers often ascribe sports clubs an important societal role, as they can encourage the integration of people with a migration background. Questions then arise as to the extent that members with a migration background are integrated in sports clubs and what the factors are that play a role in this integration. The data for this research are drawn from a comparative study of 10 European countries. The analyses take a multidimensional approach to social integration and differentiate between the dimensions of understanding/acceptance, interaction, and identification. The results show that members with a migration background are relatively well integrated, but less so than other club members. There is a positive association between social integration and the volunteering, participation in competitions, long-term membership, and sports activities in teams.
Characteristics of Mycoplasma genitalium Urogenital Infections in a Diverse Patient Sample from the United States: Results from the Aptima Mycoplasma genitalium Evaluation Study (AMES)
Authors: Manhart Lisa E. , Gaydos Charlotte A. , Taylor Stephanie N. , Lillis Rebecca A. , Hook Edward W. , Klausner Jeffrey D. , Remillard Carmelle V. , Love Melissa , McKinney Byron , Getman Damon K.
Published: April 2020

Data from a large prospective multicenter clinical validation study of a nucleic acid amplification
in vitro
diagnostic test for
Mycoplasma genitalium
were analyzed to describe the prevalence of
M. genitalium
infection, risk factors, and disease associations in female and male patients seeking care in diverse geographic regions of the United States. Among 1,737 female and 1,563 male participants, the overall prevalence of
M. genitalium
infection was 10.
Three-dimensional strain accumulation and partitioning in an arcuate orogenic wedge: An example from the Himalaya
Authors: Fan Suoya , Murphy Michael A.
Published: April 2020

In this study, we use published geologic maps and cross-sections to construct a three-dimensional geologic model of major shear zones that make up the Himalayan orogenic wedge. The model incorporates microseismicity, megathrust coupling, and various derivatives of the topography to address several questions regarding observed crustal strain patterns and how they are expressed in the landscape. These questions include: (1) How does vertical thickening vary along strike of the orogen? (2) What is the role of oblique convergence in contributing to along-strike thickness variations and the style of deformation? (3) How do variations in the coupling along the megathrust affect the overlying structural style? (4) Do lateral ramps exist along the megathrust? (5) What structural styles underlie and are possibly responsible for the generation of high-elevation, low-relief landscapes? Our model shows that the orogenic core of the western and central Himalaya displays significant along-strike variation in its thickness, from ∼25–26 km in the western Himalaya to ∼34–42 km in the central Himalaya. The thickness of the orogenic core changes abruptly across the western bounding shear zone of the Gurla Mandhata metamorphic core complex, demonstrating a change in the style of strain there. Pressure-temperature-time results indicate that the thickness of the orogenic core at 37 Ma is 17 km. Assuming this is constant along strike from 81°E to 85°E indicates that, the western and central Nepal Himalaya have been thickened by 0.5 and 1–1.5 times, respectively. West of Gurla Mandhata the orogenic core is significantly thinner and underlies a large 11,000 km2 Neogene basin (Zhada). A broad, thick orogenic core associated with thrust duplexing is collocated with an 8500 km2 high-elevation, low-relief surface in the Mugu-Dolpa region of west Nepal. We propose that these results can be explained by oblique convergence along a megathrust with an along-strike and down-dip heterogeneous coupling pattern influenced by frontal and oblique ramps along the megathrust.
Incidental congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA) in an adult with suspected coronary artery disease: review on radiological features and pathophysiology
Authors: Sayuti Khairil Amir , Azizi Mohd Yadie Syazwan Bin
Published: April 2020

We report a case of a 46-year-old woman who has presented to a peripheral hospital with progressive exertional dyspnoea and chest discomfort. The resting ECG showed features of left-sided ventricular hypertrophy. The initial chest radiograph was reported as cardiomegaly. Initial echocardiography revealed left atrial dilatation and ‘left ventricular’ hypertrophy with normal ejection fraction. She was treated as possible coronary artery disease and was subsequently referred to our centre for CT coronary angiography. Findings from the CT scan were consistent with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA). This report describes the radiological features of ccTGA, its associated cardiovascular anomalies, pathophysiology and potential complications.
Awake and aware with ongoing ventricular fibrillation during LVAD treatment: is it possible?
Authors: Mott Ingrid Hell , Poulsen Steen Hvitfeldt , Løgstrup Brian Bridal
Published: April 2020

Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are currently used as destination therapy or bridge to heart transplantation in patients with advanced chronic heart failure (CHF). It has been proved to reduce mortality and symptoms in these patients. Patients with advanced CHF are known to have increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation (VF)) despite the presence of LVAD. We report the case of patients with ongoing VF during LVAD treatment while being awake and aware. We discuss the challenges introduced along with the increasing use of LVAD treatment. The decision whether a patient with LVAD automatically should have an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator is challenging. Randomised trials are warranted to shed light on these challenging decisions.
Mobile applications addressing violence against women: a systematic review
Authors: Eisenhut Katharina , Sauerborn Ela , García-Moreno Claudia , Wild Verina
Published: April 2020

Introduction

Violence against women is a pressing global health problem that is being met with a new intervention strategy—mobile applications. With this systematic review, we provide an initial analysis and functional categorisation of apps addressing violence against women.

Methods

We conducted a systematic online search conforming with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to identify apps addressing violence against women in five World Bank regions (Europe and Central Asia; North America, Latin America and the Caribbean; Middle East and North Africa; South Asia; and sub-Saharan Africa). Applications with location of initiation in mentioned regions and ≥100 downloads were included. Data on sector, target group(s), year of release, location of initiation and implementation were extracted. By means of a structured qualitative content analysis, applications were then categorised according to their main functions.

Results

Of 327 relevant applications, 171 were included into the systematic review and assigned to one of five identified categories of main functions, respectively: emergency, avoidance, education, reporting and evidence building, and supporting apps. The largest proportion (46.78%) consisted of emergency apps, followed by education, reporting and evidence building, supporting and avoidance apps in descending order. With regards to the geographical distribution of app categories, significant (χ2(20)=58.172; p=0.000) differences among the included regions were found.

Conclusion

A vast proportion of apps addressing violence against women primarily draw on one-time emergency or avoidance solutions, as opposed to more preventative approaches. Further research is necessary, critically considering questions of data security, personal safety and efficacy of such mobile health interventions.
MIlitary Combat Mental Health Framework
Authors: Bricknell Martin
Published: April 2020

This paper describes a framework for understanding military combat mental health based on the possible mental ill-health consequences of exposure to ‘potential trauma events’ for members of the armed forces and after their military service as veterans. It uses a life course approach that maps an individual’s mental well-being against four ‘states’: fit, reacting, injured and ill. It then considers five categories of factors that influence the risk of mental illness from this exposure based on research evidence; prejoining vulnerability, resilience, precipitating, treatment and recovery. This framework offers a structure to debate current knowledge, inform policy and therapeutic interventions, provide education and to guide future research into the subject.
Korean frailty and aging cohort study (KFACS): cohort profile
Authors: Won Chang Won , Lee Seoyoon , Kim Jinhee , Chon Doukyoung , Kim Sunyoung , Kim Chang-O , Kim Mi Kyung , Cho Belong , Choi Kyung Mook , Roh Eun , Jang Hak Chul , Son Sang Joon , Lee Jin-Hee , Park Yong Soon , Lee Sam-Gyu , Kim Bong Jo , Kim Hyeon Ju , Choi Jaekyung , Ga Hyuk , Lee Kee Jae , Lee Yunhwan , Kim Miji
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The purpose of the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS) is to initiate a nationwide, population-based prospective cohort study of older adults living in the community to assess their frailty status and explore transitions between frailty states over time in Korea.

Participants

The KFACS is a multicentre longitudinal study with the baseline survey conducted from May 2016 to November 2017. Each centre recruited participants using quota sampling stratified by age and sex. The number of participants recruited through 2 years of baseline study from 10 centres was 3014, with each site accounting for approximately 300 participants. The inclusion criteria were: having an age of 70–84 years, currently living in the community, having no plans to move out in the next 2 years, having no problems with communication and no prior dementia diagnosis.

Findings to date

To define physical frailty, the KFACS used a modified version of the Fried Frailty Phenotype (FFP) consisting of five components of frailty: unintended weight loss, weakness, self-reported exhaustion, slowness and low physical activity. In the baseline study of 2016–2017, 2907 of 3014 individuals fulfilled all five components of FFP. The results indicated that 7.8% of the participants (n=228) were frail, 47.0% (n=1366) were prefrail and 45.2% (n=1313) were robust. The prevalence of frailty increased with age in both sexes; in the group aged 70–74 years, 1.8% of men and 3.7% of women were frail, whereas in the 80–84 years age group, 14.9% of men and 16.7% of women were frail. Women tended to exhibit a higher prevalence of frailty than men in all age groups.

Future plans

The KFACS plans to identify outcomes and risk factors associated with frailty by conducting a 10-year cohort study, with a follow-up every 2 years, using 3014 baseline participants.
Epigenetic mechanisms and metabolic reprogramming in fibrogenesis: dual targeting of G9a and DNMT1 for the inhibition of liver fibrosis
Authors: Barcena-Varela Marina , Paish Hannah , Alvarez Laura , Uriarte Iker , Latasa Maria U , Santamaria Eva , Recalde Miriam , Garate Maria , Claveria Alex , Colyn Leticia , Arechederra Maria , Iraburu Maria J , Milkiewicz Malgorzata , Milkiewicz Piotr , Sangro Bruno , Robinson Stuart M , French Jeremy , Pardo-Saganta Ana , Oyarzabal Julen , Prosper Felipe , Rombouts Krista , Oakley Fiona , Mann Jelena , Berasain Carmen , Avila Matias A , G Fernandez-Barrena Maite
Published: April 2020

Objective

Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts is central to fibrogenesis. Epigenetic mechanisms, including histone and DNA methylation, play a key role in this process. Concerted action between histone and DNA-mehyltransferases like G9a and DNMT1 is a common theme in gene expression regulation. We aimed to study the efficacy of CM272, a first-in-class dual and reversible G9a/DNMT1 inhibitor, in halting fibrogenesis.

Design

G9a and DNMT1 were analysed in cirrhotic human livers, mouse models of liver fibrosis and cultured mouse HSC. G9a and DNMT1 expression was knocked down or inhibited with CM272 in human HSC (hHSC), and transcriptomic responses to transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) were examined. Glycolytic metabolism and mitochondrial function were analysed with Seahorse-XF technology. Gene expression regulation was analysed by chromatin immunoprecipitation and methylation-specific PCR. Antifibrogenic activity and safety of CM272 were studied in mouse chronic CCl4 administration and bile duct ligation (BDL), and in human precision-cut liver slices (PCLSs) in a new bioreactor technology.

Results

G9a and DNMT1 were detected in stromal cells in areas of active fibrosis in human and mouse livers. G9a and DNMT1 expression was induced during mouse HSC activation, and TGFβ1 triggered their chromatin recruitment in hHSC. G9a/DNMT1 knockdown and CM272 inhibited TGFβ1 fibrogenic responses in hHSC. TGFβ1-mediated profibrogenic metabolic reprogramming was abrogated by CM272, which restored gluconeogenic gene expression and mitochondrial function through on-target epigenetic effects. CM272 inhibited fibrogenesis in mice and PCLSs without toxicity.

Conclusions

Dual G9a/DNMT1 inhibition by compounds like CM272 may be a novel therapeutic strategy for treating liver fibrosis.
Shift work and sickness absence at a Norwegian hospital: a longitudinal multilevel study
Authors: Bernstrøm Vilde Hoff , Houkes Inge
Published: April 2020

Objective

Shift work is known to be related to several negative health consequences and sickness absence. Research results regarding the relationship between types of shift schedules and sickness absence and whether and how individual factors moderate this relationship, are mixed though. The present paper aims to provide more insight in these relationships.

Methods

We used registry data from a large Norwegian hospital gathered for the years 2012–2016, for >14 000 employees. With random effects at the individual and unit levels, we analysed the relationship between shift schedule worked and sickness absence in the same year.

Results

The results showed increased risk of short-term sickness absence for two-shift and three-shift rotations, as well as fixed night shifts compared with fixed-day shifts. We also found an increased number of absence periods for two-shift rotations without nights and three-shift rotations. Results for long-term sickness absence were mixed, with increased odds for two-shift rotations without nights, but reduced odds for three-shift rotations. We found partial support for a moderating influence of age, gender and parental status.

Conclusions

There is a clear relationship between working shifts and increased risk of short-term sickness absence. The relationship persists across gender, age group and parental status. The relationship between shift work and long-term sickness absence appears to be schedule and population specific. These findings may have implications for HR policies and the organisation of shift work in healthcare organisations.
Supplementing feed with Pediococcus acidilactici reduces Campylobacter load in finishing pigs
Authors: Morales‐Partera Ángela , Cardoso Toset Fernando , Luque Inmaculada , Maldonado Alfonso , Tarradas Carmen , Gómez‐Laguna Jaime
Published: April 2020

Background

Pigs are asymptomatic carriers of foodborne bacteria, such as Salmonella enterica and Campylobacter species, which can pose a risk to human health. New strategies to control bacteria burden before reaching the slaughterhouse are necessary. This study evaluated the effect of Pediococcus acidilactici on performance parameters and on the burden of foodborne pathogens, that have subsequent implications on food quality and safety, in free‐range finishing pigs at the slaughterhouse.

Methods

Pigs were randomly allocated and blocked by weight into control group (control diet) and treated group (control diet supplemented with P acidilactici) 31 days before slaughter. Weight and average daily gain were recorded and changes in faecal microbiota were determined at the beginning and at the end of the study.

Results

No changes were observed in performance parameters. No statistically significant differences were observed when comparing between treated and control animals at the beginning or at the end of the study. However, a significant decrease was detected in the counts of Campylobacter species in treated animals between day 0 and day 31 (4.86–3.40 log colony‐forming units/g; P=0.002).

Conclusion

This study indicates that supplementation with P acidilactici represents a useful approach to control Campylobacter species load in free‐range finishing pigs before slaughter.
On the use of the Weibull distribution in modeling and describing diameter distributions of clonal eucalypt stands
Authors: Schmidt Luciane Naimeke , Sanquetta Mateus Niroh Inoue , McTague John Paul , da Silva Gilson Fernandes , Fraga Filho Clayton Vieira , Sanquetta Carlos Roberto , Soares Scolforo José Roberto
Published: April 2020

Weibull distributions have been widely used to describe tree stem diameter distributions. However, there is a scarcity of studies that suggest the best Weibull formulation. The parameters of the Weibull distribution are usually predicted by either the parameter prediction method (PPM) or the parameter recovery method (PRM), although other methods have been proposed. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of eight Weibull formulations and compare methods of parameter prediction to describe diameter distributions of clonal eucalypt stands in Brazil. Data originated from remeasurements of 56 plots at ages 3, 5, and 6 years. Weibull distributions were fitted using the maximum likelihood method and evaluated in a goodness-of-fit indicators ranking. The right-truncated two-parameter formulation showed the best results and was used to evaluate the methods of parameter prediction. Stand attributes showed a strong relationship with shape and scale parameters. Regression models were developed and resulted in accurate estimates using PPM. PRM used a growth and yield system to estimate the stand attributes, followed by the moment-based method. The modified cumulative distribution function regression (CDFR) approach was also evaluated, and it presented the poorest results. Although the PPM showed excellent results, PRM is recommended in older stands with inventory because it implicitly promotes compatibility among stand attributes.
Spectral properties of laser dyes at varying temperatures
Authors: Deepa H.R. , Thipperudrappa J. , Kumar H.M. Suresh
Published: April 2020

Spectral properties of laser dyes 4-methyl-7-(4-morpholinyl)-2H-pyrano[2,3-b]-pyridin-2-one (LD-425) and 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-6,8,9-trimethyl-4-(trifluoromrthyl)-2H-pyrano[2,3b][1,8]naphthyridin-2-one (LD-489) have been investigated in the temperature range 25 °C−65 °C by steady-state and transient methods. Fluorescence intensity decreases with increase in temperature, with fluorescence band maxima shifted towards shorter wavelengths in both dyes. Furthermore, fluorescence lifetime has decreased with increase in temperature for LD-425, whereas it remained constant with change in temperature for LD-489. The possible deactivation mechanisms are discussed. The quenching effect of these dyes in the presence of aniline at different temperatures has been studied and the Stern–Volmer (S–V) plots are nonlinear, showing positive deviation. It has been observed that the dynamic quenching constant increases with temperature, whereas the static quenching constant is independent of temperature.
Renormalization of pionless effective field theory in the A-body sector
Authors: Drissi M. , Duguet T. , Somà V.
Published: April 2020

Current models of inter-nucleon interactions are built within the frame of Effective Field Theories (EFTs). Contrary to traditional nuclear potentials, EFT interactions require a renormalization of their parameters in order to derive meaningful estimations of the observables. In this paper, a renormalization procedure is designed in connection with many-body approximations applicable to large-$$\mathrm {A}$$A systems and formulated within the frame of many-body perturbation theory. The procedure is shown to generate counterterms that are independent of the targeted $$\mathrm {A}$$A-body sector. As an example, the procedure is applied to the random phase approximation. This work constitutes one step towards the design of a practical EFT for many-body systems.
Computational of localized spinwaves at a stepped surface of an antiferromagnetic metallic monoxide
Authors: Chelli Farid , Bourahla Boualem , Khater Antoine
Published: April 2020

We investigate the spin excitations at the (001) stepped surface in semi-infinite antiferromagnetic monoxide cubic rocksalt structure of the type MO, made up from compounds of metal cations M[Formula: see text] and oxygen anions O[Formula: see text]. At the surface, of semi-infinite monoxide lattices, the translation symmetry along the direction normal to surface zone is broken. Therefore, significant changes of spin dynamics and magnetic properties are expected at the surface in question. The dependence on properties comes from the geometrical arrangement of the chemical species present at the surface, leading to appearing localized antiferromagnetic spin modes. The spin excitations and the amplitudes of precession due to variations in exchange and superexchange parameters generated by the stepped surface zone are simulated and analyzed, for different cases that can be considered, from softening to hardening effects. The technical formalism of matching method, associated to Green functions, is employed to determine the magnonic densities of states, for the spin components of the individual sites that constitute a complete representation of the stepped surface domain boundaries. Our results shown that the calculated localized spin modes are sensitive to the magnetic coupling between different spin sites at the surface. The simulated cases yield criteria under certain experimental conditions, as regards the interpretation of the measurements of the magnetic interactions in the surface zone and its boundaries. However, for a given material, the spin surfaces corresponding to different orientations are not equivalents and, in particular, they do not have the same stability.
Abundant analytical solutions of the fractional nonlinear (2 + 1)-dimensional BLMP equation arising in incompressible fluid
Authors: Yue Chen , Khater Mostafa M. A. , Inc Mustafa , Attia Raghda A. M. , Lu Dianchen
Published: April 2020

New analytical wave solutions are investigated of the fractional nonlinear [Formula: see text]-dimensional Boiti–Leon–Manna–Pempinelli equation to explain more physical properties of the dynamical behavior of the incompressible fluid. A new fractional definition is used through the modified Khater method to get novel solitary wave solutions of this model. The stability property of the obtained solutions is tested to show the ability of our obtained solutions in using through the physical experiments. The novelty and advantage of the proposed method are illustrated by applying to this model. Some sketches are plotted to show more about the dynamical performance of this model.
A trade-off method for timetable rescheduling considering transfer connections in subway networks
Authors: Xu Wenkai , Xie Binglei , Ning Liqiao
Published: April 2020

This study is devoted to handle disturbances occurring in a subway network during the off-peak period. By dissecting the relationship of transfer connections between connected lines, transfer passengers and non-transfer passengers as well as operating agencies are taken into consideration, respectively, and a trade-off method for timetable rescheduling is proposed to minimize the waiting time of all transfer passengers as well as the deviation from the planned timetable. We adopt the [Formula: see text]-constraint method to convert the bi-objective model to an integer linear programing model with single objective, which can be solved by CPLEX within seconds. The method is validated by some numerical experiments based on a real-world case derived from the Beijing Subway network. Results show that the proposed method is able to generate approximate Pareto optimal solutions and to provide decision support for dispatchers.
Circulating miRNA 887 is differentially expressed in ARDS and modulates endothelial function
Authors: Goodwin Andrew J. , Li Pengfei , Halushka Perry V. , Cook James A. , Sumal Aman S. , Fan Hongkuan
Published: April 2020

Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) can be taken up by recipient cells and have been recently associated with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Their role in host predisposition to the syndrome is unknown. The objective of the study was to identify circulating miRNAs associated with the development of sepsis-related ARDS and examine their impact on endothelial cell gene expression and function. We determined miRNA levels in plasma collected from subjects during the first 24 h of admission to a tertiary intensive care unit for sepsis. A miRNA that was differentially expressed between subjects who did and did not develop ARDS was identified and was transfected into human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs). RNA sequencing, in silico analysis, cytokine expression, and leukocyte migration assays were used to determine the impact of this miRNA on gene expression and cell function. In two cohorts, circulating miR-887-3p levels were elevated in septic patients who developed ARDS compared with those who did not. Transfection of miR-887-3p into HPMECs altered gene expression, including the upregulation of several genes previously associated with ARDS (e.g., CXCL10, CCL5, CX3CL1, VCAM1, CASP1, IL1B, IFNB, and TLR2), and activation of cellular pathways relevant to the response to infection. Functionally, miR-887-3p increased the endothelial release of chemokines and facilitated trans-endothelial leukocyte migration. Circulating miR-887-3p is associated with ARDS in critically ill patients with sepsis. In vitro, miR-887-3p regulates the expression of genes relevant to ARDS and neutrophil tracking. This miRNA may contribute to ARDS pathogenesis and could represent a novel therapeutic target.
Whey protein supplementation with vibration exercise ameliorates lumbar paraspinal muscle atrophy in prolonged bed rest
Authors: Owen Patrick J. , Armbrecht Gabriele , Bansmann Martin , Zange Jochen , Pohle-Fröhlich Regina , Felsenberg Dieter , Belavý Daniel L.
Published: April 2020

We examined the impact of adding protein supplementation to exercise (resistive vibration exercise) as a countermeasure against changes in the spine during spaceflight simulation. We found that adding the protein supplementation reduced spine muscle atrophy more than exercise alone. Neither countermeasure approach prevented changes in the disks in the spine or impacted back pain reports.
Unlike voluntary contractions, stimulated contractions of a hand muscle do not reduce voluntary activation or motoneuronal excitability
Authors: D’Amico J. M. , Rouffet D. M. , Gandevia S. C. , Taylor J. L.
Published: April 2020

We demonstrate that reductions in voluntary activation and motoneuron excitability following 2-min isometric maximal contractions in humans occur only when fatigue is produced through voluntary contractions and not through electrically stimulated contractions. This is contrary to studies that suggest that changes in the superimposed twitch and therefore voluntary activation are explained by changes in peripheral factors alone. Thus, the interpolated twitch technique remains a viable tool to assess voluntary activation and central fatigue.
Hm Convergence of the Second-Grade Fluid Equations to Euler Equations in ℝd
Authors: Zhou Hui
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we investigate an approximation of the Euler equation by the second-grade fluid equations in ℝdd=2,3. The convergence in Hm of a sequence of solutions to the second-grade fluid equations in a uniform interval is proven as both the viscosity coefficient ν and filter parameter α tend to zero with an initial velocity in Hm.
Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles for Different Isolates in Aden, Yemen: A Cross‐Sectional Study in a Resource‐Poor Setting
Authors: Badulla Wafa F. S. , Alshakka Mohammed , Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed Izham
Published: April 2020

Background. There is a rapid deterioration in the effectiveness of antibiotics due to the global prevalence of bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR). AMR can cause an increase in mortality and morbidity due to treatment failures and a lack of effective therapy. Objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the AMR pattern of different bacterial isolates at hospitals and laboratories. Materials and Methods. A cross‐sectional study from March 2019 to June 2019 was conducted at different governmental and private hospitals and laboratories in Aden, Yemen. Age, sex, specimen type, bacterial isolates, and antibiotic susceptibility pattern were collected using a data extraction sheet. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Result. Data were recorded for 412 patients from whom 20 clinical specimens were collected and analyzed. The most common bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus spp. (n = 172, 41.74%), E. coli (n = 164, 39.80%), Pseudomonas spp. (n = 37, 8.98%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 18, 4.36%); other bacteria were less common. The overall bacterial resistance was highest against the combination of sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim (73.12%), followed by amoxicillin and clavulanate (65.19%). The cephalosporin antibiotics also showed high resistance rates. The study also showed moderate bacterial resistance to gentamycin (32.65%), azithromycin (29.92%), cefoxitin (62.65%), and ciprofloxacin (25.60%). Ertapenem (16.67%) and levofloxacin (15.56%) had the lowest resistance rates. Conclusion. There was a high percentage of bacteria resistant to several antibiotics. Antibiotic susceptibility testing is a prerequisite guide for the selection of appropriate antibiotic therapy for bacterial infections.
A Comparison of Two DNA Metagenomic Bioinformatic Pipelines While Evaluating the Microbial Diversity in Feces of Tanzanian Small Holder Dairy Cattle
Authors: Kibegwa Felix M. , Bett Rawlynce C. , Gachuiri Charles K. , Stomeo Francesca , Mujibi Fidalis D.
Published: April 2020

Analysis of shotgun metagenomic data generated from next generation sequencing platforms can be done through a variety of bioinformatic pipelines. These pipelines employ different sets of sophisticated bioinformatics algorithms which may affect the results of this analysis. In this study, we compared two commonly used pipelines for shotgun metagenomic analysis: MG‐RAST and Kraken 2, in terms of taxonomic classification, diversity analysis, and usability using their primarily default parameters. Overall, the two pipelines detected similar abundance distributions in the three most abundant taxa Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. Within bacterial domain, 497 genera were identified by both pipelines, while an additional 694 and 98 genera were solely identified by Kraken 2 and MG‐RAST, respectively. 933 species were detected by the two algorithms. Kraken 2 solely detected 3550 species, while MG‐RAST identified 557 species uniquely. For archaea, Kraken 2 generated 105 and 236 genera and species, respectively, while MG‐RAST detected 60 genera and 88 species. 54 genera and 72 species were commonly detected by the two methods. Kraken 2 had a quicker analysis time (~4 hours) while MG‐RAST took approximately 2 days per sample. This study revealed that Kraken 2 and MG‐RAST generate comparable results and that a reliable high‐level overview of sample is generated irrespective of the pipeline selected. However, Kraken 2 generated a more accurate taxonomic identification given the higher number of “Unclassified” reads in MG‐RAST. The observed variations at the genus level show that a main restriction is using different databases for classification of the metagenomic data. The results of this research indicate that a more inclusive and representative classification of microbiomes may be achieved through creation of the combined pipelines.
Knowledge about Computer Vision Syndrome among Bank Workers in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Mersha Getasew Alemu , Hussen Mohammed Seid , Belete Gizachew Tilahun , Tegene Melkamu Temeselew
Published: April 2020

Background. Globally, computer vision syndrome is the most common eye problem which is associated with prolonged exposure to a computer. It has a great socioeconomic impact on the users due to its effect on job performance. Recently, many people in the world, including our country Ethiopia, especially bank workers, are spending most of their time in front of a computer screen to facilitate their work. Since it is assumed that knowledge is pertinent to prevent computer vision syndrome, this study was aimed at assessing the understanding of bank workers towards computer vision syndrome. Methods. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 248 bank workers. The study participants were selected by using a simple random sampling technique. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data from the bank workers. The data was entered and analyzed by SPSS version 21 software. Results. A total of 248 bank workers completed the questionnaire fully, which was a response rate of 93.5% (n=234). Among them, 155 (66.20%) were males and the majority of the respondents were in the age group of 20-39 years (223, 95.3%). The study revealed that from 234 respondents, 211 (90.20%) were aware of computer vision syndrome, while 26.9% of them had a good knowledge about the disorder. Majority of the respondents (40, 17.1%) cited mass media as a source of information. Conclusion. Even though the majority of computer-using bank workers heard of computer vision syndrome, it was recognized that only a small portion of the participants had good knowledge.
Time Effect of Chloride Erosion on Physical and Mechanical Properties of High‐Water‐Content Materials
Authors: Wu Hai-kuan , Liu Chang-wu , Zhang Zhao , Miao Yi-chen
Published: April 2020

In order to study the characteristics of high water‐content materials (HWC) undergoing chloride erosion, we analyzed and summarized changes in strength, elastic modulus, and mass of HWC materials during chloride erosion using specific experimental research, and we also described the compression failure morphologies of HWC materials after erosion. The cuboid specimens developed a horizontal crack between the top and bottom, and the cylindrical specimens developed irregular encryption cracks at the top during increasing pressure. The erosion of HWC materials exposed to calcium chloride (CaCl2) solutions was relatively serious, and the erosion of the cuboid specimens was lower than that of the cylindrical specimens. The strength of HWC materials increased during prolonged erosion, and the strength of the cylindrical specimens in water was the highest, followed by the CaCl2 and sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions. However, the strength change of the cuboid specimens after 28 d was contrary to the above order. In late erosion stages, the HWC materials had better compactness and experienced smaller compressive deformation in water than the other two solutions. In the NaCl solution, the high‐water filling material had more pores and a larger deformation than the other solutions.
Antiprolactinoma Effect of Hordenine by Inhibiting MAPK Signaling Pathway Activation in Rats
Authors: Wang Xiong , Guo Run-zhu , Ma Li , Ding Qiao-yan , Meng Jun-hua , Chen Yong-gang , Wu Jin-hu
Published: April 2020

Prolactinomas are harmful to human health, and the clinical first‐line treatment drug is bromocriptine. However, 20% prolactinomas patients did not respond to bromocriptine. Hordenine is an alkaloid separated from Fructus Hordei Germinatus, which showed significant antihyperprolactinemia activity in rats. The aim of this study was to explore the effect and mechanism of hordenine on prolactinomas in rats. The study used estradiol to induce prolactinomas, which caused the activation of the pituitary mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in rats significantly. The treatment of hordenine restored estradiol, induced the overgrowth of pituitary gland, and reduced the prolactin (PRL) accumulation in the serum and pituitary gland of rats by blocking the MAPK (p38, ERK1/2, and JNK) activation and production of inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6). The antiprolactinoma effect of hordenine was mediated by inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway activation in rats.
Association between Lymph Node Status and Expression Levels of Androgen Receptor, miR-185, miR-205, and miR-21 in Breast Cancer Subtypes
Authors: Kalinina Tatiana S. , Kononchuk Vladislav V. , Yakovleva Alisa K. , Alekseenok Efim Y. , Sidorov Sergey V. , Gulyaeva Lyudmila F.
Published: April 2020

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women. Difficulties in treating breast cancer are associated with the occurrence of metastases at early stages of disease, leading to its further progression. Recent studies have shown that changes in androgen receptor (AR) and microRNAs’ expressions are associated with mammary gland carcinogenesis, in particular, with the formation of metastases. Thus, to identify novel metastatic markers, we evaluated the expression levels of AR; miR-185 and miR-205, both of which have been confirmed to target AR; and miR-21, transcription of which is regulated by AR, in breast cancer samples (n=89). Here, we show that the molecular subtypes of breast cancer differ in the expression profiles of AR and AR-associated microRNAs. In addition, the expression of AR and these microRNAs may depend on the expression of PR, ER, and HER2 receptors. Our results show that the possibility of using AR and microRNAs as markers depends on the tumor subtype: a decrease in AR expression may be the marker for the presence of lymph node metastases in patients with HER2-positive subtypes of breast cancer, and disturbance of miR-205, miR-185, and miR-21 expressions may be the marker in patients with a luminal B HER2-positive subtype. Cases with metastases in this type of breast cancer are characterized by a higher level of miR-205 and a lower level of miR-185 and miR-21 in tumor tissues compared to nonmetastatic cases. A decrease in the miR-185 level is also associated with lymph node metastasis in luminal B HER2-negative breast cancer. Thus, the expression levels of AR, miR-185, miR-205, and miR-21 can serve as markers to predict cancer spread to the lymph node in luminal B- and HER2-positive subtypes of breast cancer.