bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Betonet refraktare, teknologji alternative për briketimin e pluhurave dhe koncentrateve të kromit
Authors: Kadiu Fisnik , Naska Niko
Published: December 2024

Qëllimi i këtij studimi është që të rekomandojë teknologjinë e betonit refraktar si një metodë alternative për briketimin e pluhurave dhe koncentrateve të kromit në vendin tonë. Nxjerrja e mineralit të kromit nga minierat shoqërohet nga viti në vit edhe me rritjen e sasisë së
pluhurave me përmbajtje 28-34% oksid kromi. Nga ana tjetër, pasurimi i mineraleve “të varfra” të kromit me përmbajtje 38-42% Cr2O3 ka bërë që dhe sasia e koncentrateve të kromit pluhur të arrijë shifra të konsiderueshme. Nisur nga kërkesat teknologjike të uzinave të ferro-kromit në Shqipëri, me prodhim rreth 200000 t/vit, në të cilat përdoret kryesisht mineral kromi në gjendje kokërr, kemi ndërmarrë një studim mbi mundësinë e përdorimit të mineraleve të kromit edhe në gjendje pluhuri ose koncentrati pluhur me përmbajtje 28 deri 42% Cr2O3 në trajtën e briketave, domethënë kthimit të mineraleve të kromit nga gjendja pluhur në gjendje kokrrizore duke i lidhur me lëndë lidhëse ujë xhami, Na2SiO3. Kjo teknikë është realizuar duke përdorur teknologjinë e betoneve refraktare [2], si një nga metodat alternative të briketimit. Studimi është shoqëruar edhe me të dhënat eksperimentale të fituara gjatë testimeve fizike, mekanike dhe termike të briketave të prodhuara në temperaturë 300-400°C në shkallë laboratorike dhe gjysmë eksperimentale.
Hipomineralizimi i molarit dhe incizivit
Authors: Eriksen Nilena , Disha Valbona
Published: December 2024

Çrregullimet strukturale të smaltit dentar janë patologji që hasen shpesh tek dhëmbët e përhershëm. Ato variojnë në paraqitjen e tyre përsa i përket shtrirjes, kufizimit, si dhe ngjyrimit të lezioneve. Në kuadrin e lezioneve strukturale, hipomineralizimi me origjinë sistemike i një deri në katër molarëve të parë të përhershëm të shoqëruar dhe me prekjen e incizivëve, është përkufizuar si një formë e veçantë me emrin hipomineralizimi i molarit dhe incizivit (HMI). Përgjatë viteve të fundit janë realizuar një numër i madh studimesh në lidhje me faktorët etiologjikë, epidemiologjinë apo paraqitjen klinike të kësaj patologjie.
Skleroza amiotrofike laterale, një sëmundje e re apo tashmë e njohur edhe në Shqipëri?
Authors: Rroji Orjon , Sukaxhija Leonida
Published: December 2024

Skleroza Amiotrofike Laterale (ALS) është një sëmundje neurodegjenerative e pakurueshme, e cila karakterizohet nga një degjenerim progresiv i neuroneve motore të trurit, trungut të trurit, dhe palcës së kurrizit duke sjellë paralizë të muskujve dhe vdekje nga insuficienca respiratore brenda 2 − 5 viteve.
Réutilisation de l’eau en Suisse. Besoins, opportunités, risques et recommandations dérivées à l’attention des responsables
Authors: Knabl Magdalena , Rist Benjamin , Morgenroth Eberhard
Published: December 2024

La réutilisation planifiée des eaux usées épurées peut soulager les ressources en eau conventionnelles et réduire la consommation d'eau. Elle constitue une option d'action possible dans la gestion intégrée des ressources en eau, si les avantages dans le contexte local l'emportent sur les dépenses nécessaires (traitement supplémentaire, infrastructure, coûts, énergie). Le présent projet a cherché à savoir si la réutilisation de l'eau pouvait être une option pertinente pour la gestion des ressources en eau en Suisse. Pour ce faire, les données existantes sur la disponibilité et la consommation d'eau ont été analysées et une enquête sur le sujet a été menée auprès des services cantonaux de l'environnement. En raison du changement climatique, les périodes de fortes chaleurs sont de plus en plus fréquentes en Suisse, notamment en été. Les épisodes de sécheresse qui en découlent entraînent une augmentation des besoins en eau pour différentes applications (irrigation pour l'agriculture et dans les villes, eau de refroidissement, etc.). Au niveau local, les représentants de 19 des 26 cantons ont identifié un besoin de réutilisation de l'eau pour diverses applications, en particulier pour l'irrigation. De plus, on s'attend à une augmentation de ces besoins avec le changement climatique en cours. En outre, la réutilisation de l'eau présente des synergies avec d'autres mesures de gestion des ressources en eau, par exemple le stockage de l'eau pour les périodes où les besoins sont plus importants. Bien entendu, la réutilisation de l'eau doit être soumise à des exigences claires en termes de qualité et de quantité utilisable et des directives techniques doivent être établies, afin de ne pas mettre en danger l'homme et l'environnement. De plus, pour que les projets de réutilisation de l'eau puissent être mis en oeuvre avec succès à long terme, l'acceptation sociale doit être garantie. Actuellement, la réutilisation de l'eau n'est pas explicitement réglementée dans le droit suisse ; seule l'irrigation est implicitement interdite, alors que toutes les autres applications sont autorisées, mais sans directives concernant la mise en oeuvre ou la qualité. En outre, la Suisse manque d'expérience, de connaissances et de compétences pour la mise en place de la réutilisation de l’eau. Il est donc recommandé d’acquérir de l’expérience par le biais de projets pilotes et d’évaluer les informations spécifiques au projet (coûts, infrastructure nécessaire, etc.). En parallèle, un processus coordonné d'adaptation de la législation est nécessaire pour encadrer une mise en oeuvre sûre de la pratique en Suisse. Cela permettra de garantir que la réutilisation de l'eau soit une mesure fiable et contrôlée pour la gestion future des ressources en eau.
A SET OF RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS OF TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIES BASED ON INDUSTRY 4.0 AND 5.0 TOOLS
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technological University, IDRISOV ALBERT EDUARDOVICH
Published: December 2024

Currently, the progressive development of economic sectors is constrained by a significant number of negative factors caused by instability in domestic and international markets associated with a series of crises, sanctions restrictions and fundamental changes in global supply chains. In conditions of high turbulence in the economy, the key to advanced technological development (hereinafter TR) is the use of advanced innovative solutions and developments in all areas of enterprise activity. The strategy for technological modernization of industries should be based on global concepts and trends, the priority areas of which are the creation of smart, environmentally friendly enterprises based on the creation of cyber-physical systems that control machines and equipment through the capabilities of artificial intelligence and the Internet of things. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to develop a set of recommendations for solving the problems of industrial development industries based on the tools of Industry 4.0 and 5.0. To achieve this goal, the article solves the following tasks: provides an overview of domestic and foreign research in the field of technological and digital transformation of industries; a diagnosis of the state of the technical and technical sectors of Russian industries in 2022 was carried out based on three groups of indicators; an algorithm has been developed for calculating the TR assessment indicator for consolidated types of economic activity; three groups of industries with high, medium and low levels of material and technical support are identified; a set of recommendations has been proposed for solving the problems of industrial development industries based on the tools of Industry 4.0 and 5.0. The developed set of recommendations is aimed at modernizing and updating fixed assets in accordance with modern global trends and development strategies, which will ensure the technological sovereignty of the country.
TRANSPORT COMPONENT OF INTERACTION OF MESOSYSTEMS
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technological University, AVAKOV VITALY ARSENOVICH , SHINKEVICH ALEKSEY IVANOVICH
Published: December 2024

The reliability and sustainability of the transport complex is an important element in ensuring the effectiveness of the interaction of mesosystems, through the integration of heterogeneous entities into a single trading space. However, sanctions restrictions have led to a change in supply chains towards the South and East, a reduction in cargo turnover, a decrease in the share of air and pipeline modes of transportation, in favor of road and rail conveyor transportation. In this connection, the need to improve state policy for the development of the transport system within the framework of modern global concepts is becoming urgent. The purpose of the study is to develop a set of management actions aimed at improving the transport complex to ensure effective interconnections of mesosystems. To achieve this goal and determine the main development trends, the work presents the dynamics of indicators characterizing the scale and quality of transport infrastructure, assesses the level of digitalization of the transport subsystem, and presents an analysis of the impact on the environment. Based on the analysis of key performance indicators, the main problems of transport support for the interaction of mesosystems are identified and management impacts are proposed in selected areas of activity, including the creation of new transport corridors, improving infrastructure, and reducing the negative impact on the environment through the transplantation of digital transformation tools. At the same time, the digital transformation of the transport complex should be implemented within the framework of a comprehensive strategy for the development of logistics infrastructure through end-to-end technologies of the Logistics 5.0 concept, in order to increase the efficiency, speed, safety, and transparency of supply chains. The proposed set of recommendations aimed at improving the transport complex to ensure effective interconnections of mesosystems can be used as a tool for improving government policy for regulating global supply chains.
RUSSIAN UNIVERSITIES AND THE CHOICE OF A TARGET DEVELOPMENT MODEL: DIALECTICS OF FUNDAMENTALITY AND APPLICATION
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technological University, TUZIKOV ANDREY RIMOVICH , ZINUROVA RAUSHANIIA ILSHATOVNA
Published: December 2024

The sphere of higher education has been a zone of constant reform over the past 30 years. New projects for the development of higher education once again pose the problem of typification of universities. Throughout the post-Soviet period of higher education development in our country, the problem of identifying the university's «specifics», «format», and «target model» has repeatedly arisen and is rising again. Despite the formal difference in the status names, the brand and reputation of the university still have the predominant importance. The discussion of the problems of university typology is currently closely linked to the discourse of choosing a target development model, especially in technical universities. In our opinion, the target model of technical and technological universities, taking into account the movement towards «setting the frontier», should be based on the ideology of: «university-like» in the format of interdisciplinary science, educational and project activities; orientation towards training industry managers with knowledge of trends and specifics of industry development; fundamentality in the field of «frontier» scientific projects in combined with a practice-oriented and worldview in the format of humanitarian sovereignty; the implementation of the «third mission» in society.
ASSESSMENT OF THE PROSPECTS FOR SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE VOLGA FEDERAL DISTRICT REGIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF IMPORT RESTRICTIONS
Authors:   Center for Advanced Economic Research of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, MINGULOV ALMAZ MINVAZIKHOVICH
Published: December 2024

The Russian economy has faced extremely harsh external restrictions in the past few years, which have formed a new configuration of foreign economic relations. In these conditions, which in some cases are associated with signs of uncertainty, risks of disrupting the sustainable development of economic processes at both the macro and meso levels are generated. This article is devoted to the desire to identify and quantify some of them, which are primarily associated with the localization of import supplies. The key objective of the study is to systematize the movement of imports to the regions of the Russian Federation under the conditions of sanctions pressure and to develop a model that forms the basis for a quantitative analysis of the generated macroeconomic effects caused by the localization of product supplies from abroad. Based on the purpose of the work, the objectives of the study are defined: to analyze theoretical approaches and models of regional economic development in the framework of determining the optimal settings for integration into the system of global economic relations; to analyze the main trends revealing the features of export-import operations in the Russian Federation and its regions (using the example of the subjects of the Volga Federal District) during the period of sanctions pressure on the national economy of the sample 2022-2024; on the basis of the proposed methodological tools, to assess the impact of correction of import flows to the regions on the prospects for their economic growth under external pressure. The subject of the study is the system of economic relations formed as a result of the implementation of foreign economic activities of regional economic agents with foreign jurisdictions (on the example of the People's Republic of China). According to the results of the study, patterns were found that reveal the sensitivity of the regional economic systems of the Volga Federal District to restrictions on the supply of goods from abroad in the context of sanctions pressure on the national economy of the Russian Federation and increased secondary sanctions on friendly countries that carry out foreign economic activities with residents of Russia.
Pengolahan Perak Metalik pada Limbah Film Radiografi dengan Menggunakan Natrium Hidroksida
Authors: Dola Candra  , Apriantoro Nursama Heru , Putri Aura Virgita Allisya
Published: December 2024

Background: The background of this research was utilization of radiological film waste in the hospital is very less, whereas in the waste film there is silver worth selling in the market, has been done research ont he processing of waste radiology film into metallic silver by using strong base chemicals (NaOH). The purpose of this research is to know how to convert radiology film waste into metallic silver using strong base chemicals (NaOH) which are worth selling in the market.
Methods : This type of research is quantitative with an experimental approach. Data collection and experimental processes were carried out during March 2017 at Radiology Laboratory of Baiturrahmah Padang University.This research was conducted by experimenting by collecting tools and materials from various sources and processing waste radiology film into metallic silver.
Results: The filtration of the radiology film waste into metallic silver using NaOH resulted in the following results, in 100 sheets of radiological waste film measuring 24 x 30 obtained pure silver as much as 5,44 grams, 100 sheets of radiological film waste measuring 35 x 35 pure silver as much as 6,09 grams and 100 sheets of radiological film waste measuring 30 x 40 obtained pure silver as much as 7,83 grams.
Conclusions: From this research, is done by several stages, collecting phase, deposition stage, and purification stage. The first way to process radiological film waste is that the researcher prepares tools and materials from various sources and after that the researcher decomposes it with Sodium Hydroxide, after decomposing it produces silver mud, after that the silver mud is dried by roasting and after the mud is dry then the silver mud is burned with a burner so that the silver melts and becomes silver that is ready to be marketed.
Possessives with kinship terms in Italian and Italo-Romance dialects
Authors: Volpato Francesca , Lebani Gianluca
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the acceptability of constructions containing third-person possessives combined with singular and plural kinship terms in adult bilectal speakers of Italian and different Italo-Romance varieties spoken in six different geographic areas in northern, central, and southern Italy. The sentences to be judged vary according to the presence and position (prenominal vs. postnominal) of the possessive and the presence vs. absence of the definite article. For Italian, results were consistent with the patterns highlighted by previous studies. For the six dialects, much more variation and optionality were observed. Comparing the results of our questionnaire to data reported in AIS maps (Jaberg and Jud [1928] 1940), we found a situation that only partially replicated the picture presented in these documents in the first half of the last century. Regarding contact issues, we found cases of the influence of the dialect on Italian, instances of the influence of Italian on the dialect, and cases where the dialects have changed independently of Italian. By investigating whether participants’ language dominance modulated the acceptability of certain patterns, we found some influence of Italian on the dialect only for speakers with Italian dominance.
Scaling counterarguments:
Authors: Callegari Elena
Published: December 2024

This paper introduces Exclamative Se Constructions (ESCs), analyzing their use in two Romance languages: Trevigiano, a northern Italian dialect, and Standard Italian. ESCs are used to express shock or surprise at someone’s statement and to challenge its accuracy. Although they resemble adverbial clauses, ESCs function autonomously as main clauses. I identify four defining properties of ESCs: adverbial clause form, form-function mismatch, main-clausality, and the anchoring of surprise to a preceding assertion rather than to the ESC’s own propositional content. I argue that ESCs function as counterarguments, specifically rebutting assumed premises using contextually relevant scales. These rebuttals consistently involve asserting a value that contrasts sharply with some initial statement, often reaching an extreme or unexpected point on the contextually relevant scale.
On Tense, agreement, and the syntax of null and overt subjects
Authors: Fernández-Salgueiro Gerardo
Published: December 2024

In this paper I argue that the position and realization of subjects in adverbial non-finite clauses in Italian, Spanish, Galician, and European Portuguese can provide valuable insight into the licensing conditions for pro and postverbal subjects in finite clauses in these pro-drop languages. I first provide evidence that Tense and Agreement constitute separate syntactic heads in these languages, as argued by Belletti (1990) among others, and also apply this analysis to non-finite clauses in Spanish, Galician, and Portuguese. I will also argue, after analyzing the syntactic variation exhibited by subjects in non-finite clauses (containing regular and inflected infinitives) in Spanish, Galician, and European Portuguese, that (i) postverbal overt subject DPs are licensed by a full set of φ-features in Agr (overt or covert), (ii) pro is licensed by an Agr head that is overtly realized by either overt φ-features or verb movement, and (iii) preverbal overt subject DPs are licensed by verb movement to Agr.
On documenting language change as it happens
Authors: Li Destri Emanuela
Published: December 2024

This study examines the grammaticalization of motion verbs in Italian within the periphrastic construction “motion verb + a + infinitive”. Verbs such as andare ‘to go’, venire ‘to come’ and tornare ‘to return’ develop functional uses and express aspectual meanings, such as culminative, inchoative-imminential and iterative. The research employs corpus analysis to investigate the distribution of these constructions across formal and informal varieties of Italian. Analysis of both spoken (KIParla) and written (CORIS) corpora indicates diaphasic and diamesic variation. Formal written varieties exhibit higher percentages of aspectual values, while spontaneous speech shows lower percentages. Additionally, the corpus investigation reveals differences in the frequency of aspectual values, with the inchoative-imminential value being more prevalent in spoken language compared to written texts.
French wh in-situ
Authors: Baunaz Lena , Bocci Giuliano , Shlonsky Ur
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates the acceptability of wh in-situ expressions in embedded contexts in French. We report on two experiments that tested the acceptability of wh in-situ and ex-situ in embedded clauses of biclausal direct wh-questions and in indirect questions, and how their acceptability is modulated by the presence of the negation in the embedded clause. In Experiment 1, the contexts favored a D-linked interpretation of the wh-element (in the sense of Pesetsky 1987), while the contexts in Experiment 2 disfavored it. Our results show that the in-situ strategy is generally more acceptable (or at least equally acceptable) than the ex-situ strategy in direct questions with long construal, regardless of D-linking and negation. By contrast, the in-situ strategy is significantly less acceptable than the ex-situ one in indirect questions, regardless of D-linking and negation. Our findings indicate that in long construal direct wh-questions, negation fails to selectively block wh in-situ. In this respect, French differs from many other languages (see e.g., Beck & Kim 1997, a.o.). We show that D-linking is not a necessary condition for in-situ in French. We discuss how our findings relate to the current debate between alternative formal analyses of wh in-situ in French.
The anchor of a modal superlative and the individual vs stage level reading of the adjective
Authors: Tovena Lucia M. , Fleury Damien
Published: December 2024

This paper is about the semantics of quality modal superlatives in predicative function, e.g. Italian È stata il più calma possibile (‘She was the calmest possible’), with a focus on what is the anchoring of the modal superlative, and how what is being compared is restricted. The limitations of single-anchoring in individuals when analysing modal superlatives, following the strategy generally adopted for ordinary absolute and relative superlatives, are highlighted. The alternative of using a comparison class made of world+individual pairs grouped into equivalence classes defined through the amount of the gradable property (Tovena & Fleury 2023), proves a better solution. New data on the stage-level vs. individual-level reading of the gradable adjective provide evidence supporting this form of anchoring. The stage-level reading, although predominant, is not the manifestation of the invariance of the individual being compared. Some stage-level interpretations favour selecting a plurality of individuals for comparison, with the difference that this plurality is determined across possible worlds, not in the actual world, in contrast to ordinary superlatives.
Accounting for asymmetries in cleft sentence use
Authors: De Paolis Bianca Maria , Andorno Cecilia , Benazzo Sandra
Published: December 2024

Cleft constructions exhibit variations in their frequency of usage, influenced by different constraints and preferences at various levels, such as syntax or function. Additionally, these constraints and purposes may differ across languages. This study aims to clarify the factors influencing the use of cleft constructions among speakers of two closely related languages, Italian and French. By analyzing the behaviors of native speakers, we also formulate hypotheses regarding how these factors manifest in the speech of second language (L2) learners of these languages. Our findings highlight a difference in how native speakers handle the functional parameter in the use of clefts, with Italian speakers (but not French speakers) distinguishing between identification and correction. The linguistic proximity between Italian and French facilitates the acquisition of this complex structure among learners. However, other factors contribute to differing receptions of asymmetries in L2, including acquisitional phenomena such as the predominance of communicative need and the difficulty in incorporating the functional parameter.
On tenses as speech-act-level functions
Authors: Caudal Patrick
Published: December 2024

This paper aims at demonstrating the validity of a two-pronged hypothesis: (i) that the aspectual viewpoint content of the so-called ‘narrative imparfait’ (NIMPF) does not bear on the verb it marks (i.e., it does not combine with the event predicate denoted by said verb) but that, therefore, (ii) it must operate at a higher, discursive semantic level. To substantiate the above hypothesis, the paper first focuses on diachronic and synchronic evidence suggesting that the NIMPF does not contribute aspectual meaning at the sentence semantics-level – showing notably that it behaves like a ‘viewpoint neutral’ tense with respect to the verb it marks. The paper then discusses synchronic, discursive evidence supporting the view that the NIMPF actually indicates a partial, discourse-structurally incomplete, ‘ongoing’ narrative act. From these two facts, the paper concludes that NIMPF utterances refer to imperfectively viewed narrative speech act events, and constitute a separate speech act-level conventionalized reading of the imparfait, applying an imperfective viewpoint meaning to relational speech act functions, i.e., to rhetorical relations. It is argued that they should be endowed with a speech act event argument, and constitute an abstract type of event predicate which the viewpoint meaning of the NIMPF takes as its input.
Introduction to RLLT23
Authors: Brunetti Lisa , Chitoran Ioana , Mardale Alexandru
Published: December 2024

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TÜRKÜLERDE DAĞ KÜLTÜNÜN İZLERİ
Authors: Kızıldağ Hasan
Published: December 2024

Türküler, Türk kültürünün aktarılması hususunda örtük öğrenmeyi sağlayan sözlü kültür ürünlerindendir. Çağları aşan yapısı ve sürekli güncellenebilmeleriyle türküler geçmiş ile gelecek arasında kültürel bir köprü kurmaktadır. Türkülerin bu bağlayıcı özelliği, kültürel bir bütünlük arz etmektedir. Bu sebeple en eski inanç, âdet, gelenek ve görenekler gibi kültürel pek çok unsur, türkülerde yaşatılmaya devam etmektedir. Dağ kültü de bu unsurlardan biridir. Türklerin en eski inanışlarında kutsanan ve canlı varlıklar olduğu düşünülen dağlar, türkülerde de kendisine yer bulmuştur. Dağlara atfedilen kutsiyet veya özellikler din, coğrafya ve zaman değişikliklerine rağmen türkülerde belirli oranlarda iz bırakmıştır. Bu bakımdan türkülerin incelenmesiyle eski Türklerin dağ kültü hakkında tespitlerde bulunmak mümkündür. Bu çalışmada TRT THM Repertuarı’nda yer alan (varyant ve versiyonlarıyla birlikte) 7166 türkü ve henüz repertuara girmemiş ancak yaygın olarak bilinen 1626 türkü olmak üzere toplam 8792 eser ile YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi’nde yer alan türkülerle ilgili 78 yüksek lisans-doktora tezi incelemeye tabi tutulmuştur. Ele alınan türküler dağ kültü bağlamında değerlendirilirken doküman analizi ve tematik analiz yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Doküman analizi vasıtasıyla türküler, dağ kültünün sirayet ettiği ve taşındığı bir ortam olarak değerlendirmeye alınmış, dağ kültüyle ilgili unsurlar tespit edilmeye gayret edilmiştir. Çalışmanın tematik analizi yoluyla ise doküman analiziyle tespit edilen unsurların tematik ayrıştırması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışma neticesinde dağların Türk kültüründeki ve türkülerdeki görünümünün farklı şekillerde tezahür ettiği görülmektedir. Tespit edilen örnekler türkülerde yer alan dağ kültü unsurlarının mitolojik karakterli destanlarda veya masal, efsane gibi türlerde yer alan dağ kültü özelliklerinden belirli oranda farklılık gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Dağların türkülerdeki tezahürüne dair tespit edilen unsurlar “Dağların Kültürel Bellekte Algılanışı”, “Dağların İnsanî Sıfatları”, “İnsanların Dağlara Yönelik Eylemleri” ve “Dağların İnsanî Eylemleri” şeklinde dört başlıkta tasnif edilmiş ve incelenmiştir. Türkülerde tespit edilen dağ kültü unsurları, zamanın inançlar üzerindeki aşındırıcılığı ve eski inanışların terk edilmesiyle form değiştirmiş ve mevcut inanışlarla çatışmayacak bir şekle bürünmüştür. Dağların türkülerde sığınak, engel, kavuşturan/aracı, dert/gam ortağı, ilaç-şifa-derman kaynağı olarak algılanması, insani sıfat ve eylemlerle tasvir edilmesi, takdis edilen ve bir iye olarak kabul edilen dağların zamanla antropomorfik olarak olmasa da karakterizasyon seviyesinde insanileştirildiğini göstermektedir. Bu durum dahi cansız bir varlık olan dağlara atfedilen canlılığın dağ kültü ve dağ iyesi çerçevesinde şekillendiğini göstermektedir.
THE MORAL MESSAGES IN "EVERYMAN" AND "DELİ DUMRUL"
Authors: Turan Yusuf Ziyaettin
Published: December 2024

The existence of religious beliefs and rituals is almost as old as humanity itself. From the earliest days of human history, religious rituals have played a crucial role in shaping various cultural and artistic expressions. Unsurprisingly, the first theatre performances are believed to have originated from religious rituals, serving as extensions or manifestations of spiritual beliefs and communal worship. For instance, the early theatrical traditions of ancient Greece and Rome were deeply rooted in religious festivals and ceremonies, honoring gods like Dionysus. Similarly, medieval drama in England, which often revolved around Christian themes, was heavily influenced by the religious context of the time, reflecting the central role of faith in everyday life. Among these religiously inspired dramas, morality plays became particularly popular in medieval England, with the anonymous work "Everyman" (1510) standing out as one of the most significant examples. "Everyman" is renowned for its profound moral message, conveying the importance of living a righteous life in accordance with Christian values. On the other hand, "Deli Dumrul," a story from the Turkish epic collection The Book of Dede Korkut, also contains a strong moral narrative, despite its focus on heroic exploits. This tale, rooted in Turkish-Islamic literature, is centered around the titular character’s journey, which ultimately emphasizes themes of piety, humility, and obedience to divine will. Therefore, this study aims to provide a comparative moral analysis of "Everyman" from English Medieval Christian literature and the story of "Deli Dumrul" from Turkish-Islamic literature. Upon evaluating both stories through a moral lens, it becomes apparent that, despite their distinct cultural and religious origins, they convey remarkably similar messages to their audiences. Both narratives suggest that the world we inhabit is essentially a testing ground, where human beings must prove their worth through virtuous deeds and unwavering faith in God. They stress that ultimate salvation and eternal peace in the afterlife can only be achieved by those who recognize God's supremacy, live truthfully, and commit themselves to good deeds. Moreover, both Christianity and Islam, as reflected in these stories, share a strikingly similar moral outlook regarding what constitutes right and wrong in this transient world. Thus, "Everyman" and "Deli Dumrul," while products of different religious traditions, underline the universal message that aligns with the ethical teachings of both Christianity and Islam, reinforcing the idea that human morality transcends cultural and religious boundaries.
BALKAN HALK KÜLTÜRÜYLE İLGİLİ YAPILMIŞ ÇALIŞMALAR ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: Sarıtunç Berrin
Published: December 2024

Balkanlar, tarih boyunca çeşitli medeniyetlerin ve kültürlerin kesişim noktası olmuştur. Zengin kültürel mozaik bölgenin iç dinamikleri ve dış etkenler nedeniyle sürekli bir değişim ve dönüşüm içinde kalmıştır. Bu bağlamda, Balkan halk kültürünü anlamak ve bu kültürün tarihsel süreçler içindeki evrimini incelemek, kültürel mirası koruma ve kültürel sürekliliği sağlama açısından önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışma, Balkan halk kültürü üzerine yapılmış akademik çalışmaları derinlemesine ele alan bir literatür taramasıdır. İncelenen çalışmalar, özellikle Yugoslavya'nın parçalanması ve bu sürecin kültürel etkileri ile geçiş dönemi, Osmanlı imparatorluğu ve Balkanların etkileşimi üzerinde yoğunlaşmaktadır. Yugoslavya'nın siyasi ve sosyal değişimleri, Balkan halk kültürünün dönüşümünü ve bu süreçte ortaya çıkan geçiş dönemi özelliklerini şekillendirmiştir. Bibliyografyalar, genel anlamda ve geniş çaplı hazırlanabileceği gibi belirli veya sınırlı bir alanda da hazırlanabilirler. Bibliyografya hazırlamaktaki amaç o konularda çalışma yapacak olan araştırmacıların işini kolaylaştırmak ve o alana dair bir literatür taraması yapmak isteyenler için ana başvuru kaynakları oluşturmaktır. Bu çalışmada Balkanlar ile ilgili yapılmış akademik çalışmaların listelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bunun için internet ortamında erişime açık dergi, tez ve kitaplar Balkanlar, folklor, kültür anahtar sözcükleriyle taranmış ve ulaşılan kaynaklar derlenmiştir. Araştırmaların amacına uygun olanlar çalışma içerisinde özetlenmiştir. Bu literatür taraması, söz konusu çalışmaların kapsamını ve bulgularını özetleyerek Balkan halk kültürünün çeşitli yönlerinin anlaşılmasına ve bölgesel kültürel dinamiklerin değerlendirilmesine katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma, Balkanlar’ın kültürel zenginliğini ve tarihsel değişimini daha iyi kavrayabilmek, kültürel mirası korumak ve bölgenin toplumsal hafızasını sürdürmek açısından büyük bir gerekliliği ortaya koymaktadır. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma Balkanlar’ın kültürel zenginliğini, Osmanlı ve Yugoslavya sonrası toplumsal değişimlerini anlamak için geniş bir perspektif sunmaktadır.
Analisis Kekuatan Rangka Mesin Pencacah Nilam dengan Menggunakan Metode Elemen Hingga
Authors: Endriatno Nanang , La Ode Ahmad Barata  , Salimin
Published: December 2024

Rangka sering digunakan sebagai elemen penting dalam konstruksi mesin dan berbagai produk teknik lainnya. Kekuatan rangka menjadi sangat penting untuk memastikan struktur mampu menahan beban operasional saat digunakan. Kegagalan rangka dapat menyebabkan kerusakan serius, kecelakaan, dan kerugian finansial yang besar, sehingga evaluasi kekuatan rangka sebelum produksi menjadi langkah kritis dalam proses desain. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perilaku mekanis dari komponen atau rangka mesin pencacah nilam berdasarkan besar tegangan maksimum (stress), besar perpindahan (displacement), dan faktor keamanan (safety factor) rangka hasil desain. Metode penelitian dengan menggunakan teknologi simulasi elemen hingga merupakan pendekatan yang sangat efektif untuk menganalisis kinerja struktur rangka. Dengan memanfaatkan simulasi dapat dilakukan evaluasi menyeluruh terhadap berbagai parameter seperti tegangan, perpindahan dan kemananan rangka. Proses ini membantu dalam memprediksi respons struktur terhadap berbagai beban yang diterima sistem. Hasil simulasi menggunakan metode elemen hingga menunjukkan bahwa rangka profil L 40x40x3 mm  dengan luas penampang 307,863 mm2 dapat menahan beban maksimum 1000 N dengan deformasi maksimum sebesar 0,2479 mm, yang terjadi pada pusat beban. Distribusi tegangan von mises menunjukkan tegangan yang terjadi pada baja profil L sebesar 28,8 MPa. Nilai tersebut jauh dibawah ambang batas kekuatan luluh material yaitu sebesar 207 MPa. Nilai  Safety Factor maksimum yang terjadi pada rangka adalah 15 ul dan tidak ada nilai safety factor  dibawah 1. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa rangka yang dianalisis aman dan memenuhi persyaratan desain yang telah ditetapkan.
Verederas y verederos: El modelo de la Merindad de Pamplona a comienzos del siglo XIX
Authors: Gurbindo Gil Ricardo
Published: December 2024

En este artículo se analizan diversos aspectos asociados al origen y cometido de los verederos, encargados antiguamente de trasladar la correspondencia oficial de organismos de distinta naturaleza. Esta circunstancia dio lugar a diferentes variantes profesionales, cada una de ellas con sus propias peculiaridades. Por otro lado, el cumplimiento de esta misión en la Merindad de Pamplona conoció interesantes transformaciones que otorgan a la evolución de la ocupación cierto carácter novedoso, hechos que son presentados en la segunda parte del trabajo.
Ecos del Tercer Reich: La prensa vasca de la Segunda República ante el nacionalsocialismo
Authors: Vázquez Sáez Lola
Published: December 2024

El presente artículo analiza las ideas de los tres principales diarios del País Vasco frente al auge del nacionalsocialismo alemán, entre 1933 y 1936. Se trata del diario católico La Gaceta del Norte, el nacionalista Euzkadi y el republicano-socialista El Liberal. Estos periódicos, editados en Bilbao, representan las tres grandes culturas políticas vascas de la época, que mantuvieron posturas muy diversas entre sí ante el auge del nazismo. Para ello se utiliza una metodología de historia política comparada e historia de la prensa.
Performing Radical Basque Nationalism in Borja Cobeaga’s Negociador
Authors: Posey Alison
Published: December 2024

La comedia negra de 2014 de Borja Cobeaga, Negociador, estructura su narrativa de conflicto político mediante la práctica cultural vasca de la bertsolaritza para ficcionalizar la desintegración de negociaciones entre el PSOE y ETA en 2005-6. La película ataca la utilización de la cultura vasca por parte de ETA para independizarse, e interroga su reapropiación de tradiciones culturales al vincular el colapso de la organización con su negación a tomar parte en la misma práctica que tanta estima.
Responsabilidad académica de estudiantes de Técnico en Enfermería que cursaron bachillerato durante la pandemia de covid-19
Authors:   Instituto Especializado de Profesionales de la Salud, Santa Ana, El Salvador, Hernández Zuleta Alma Yanira
Published: December 2024

El libro presenta los resultados de la investigación Responsabilidad académica de los estudiantes del Técnico en Enfermería del Instituto Especializado de Profesionales de la Salud que cursaron bachillerato durante la pandemia del COVID-19. Se analiza la problemática desde la experiencia de los estudiantes que cursan una carrera de enfermería y que sufrieron la pandemia del COVID-19 durante la educación media, por lo que tuvieron que incorporarse de forma abrupta a una educación virtual, con el uso de diferentes plataformas y estrategias metodológicas a las que no estaban acostumbrados. Se constató en la investigación que las estrategias implementadas en las clases virtuales han contribuido a fomentar el valor responsabilidad en los estudiantes.
Factores culturales asociados al estado nutricional en los niños menores de cinco años de las comunidades Chagüite Centro, el Chagüite y Llano Grande del municipio de Tacuba, departamento de Ahuachapán
Authors:   Instituto Especializado de Profesionales de la Salud, Santa Ana, El Salvador, Pérez José Manuel , Lucha de Henriquez Xiomara Milena ,   Instituto Especializado de Profesionales de la Salud, Santa Ana, El Salvador, Aparicio de Carpio Cristina de Los Ángeles ,   Instituto Especializado de Profesionales de la Salud, Santa Ana, El Salvador, Moran Rosa Lidia ,   Instituto Especializado de Profesionales de la Salud, Santa Ana, El Salvador
Published: December 2024

La presencia constante de una dieta insuficiente, poco variada y carente de los elementos nutricionales necesarios para el desarrollo de las niñas y niños es una situación que favorece las altas de mortalidad infantil. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivos principales identificar la influencia de los factores culturales que pudiesen estar involucrados en el estado nutricional de las niñas y niños, explorar sus antecedentes patológicos, identificar hallazgos clínicos, valorar su peso y talla y hacer una descripción de sus patrones culturales y hábitos de alimentación. Además de la evaluación infantil, se encuestó a los padres de los menores para indagar sobre el proceso de alimentación brindado en el hogar. El estudio se desarrolló con un enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo y no experimental; se empleó la encuesta guiada e instrumentos estructurados para la recolección de la información a través de la aplicación KOBO Collect. Dentro de los resultados obtenidos en la investigación se identificó en los niños menores de 2 años la presencia de retardo en el crecimiento y desnutrición en porcentajes bajos, mientras que en el grupo de 2 a 5 años, tanto en niñas como niños, sigue presente el retraso en el crecimiento, así como desnutrición y obesidad, siempre en porcentajes bajos.
Efectos del teletrabajo en la salud física y mental del personal docente durante el confinamiento por covid-19
Authors:   Instituto Especializado de Profesionales de la Salud, Santa Ana, El Salvador, Pérez José Manuel
Published: December 2024

Durante la pandemia de covid-19 el campo educativo fue uno de los más afectados debido al confinamiento repentino y obligatorio que se suscitó, lo que influyó en un aumento del teletrabajo, dejando en evidencia las claras limitantes existentes con relación al campo de la virtualidad en el personal y los estudiantes. Es por ello que en el presente libro se recogen los resultados de una investigación realizada con el objetivo de identificar los efectos en la salud física y mental de los docentes que fueron generados por el teletrabajo durante el confinamiento. La investigación permitió evaluar la situación del teletrabajo y la sintomatología física que generó en los docentes, así como, determinar la presencia de síndrome de Burnout.
Contaminación hídrica y de suelos de la laguna de Olomega y sus consecuencias en el medio ambiente y en el estado de salud de los pobladores del municipio El Carmen, departamento de La Unión
Authors:   Instituto Especializado de Profesionales de la Salud, San Salvador, El Salvador, Canales Vanesa Carolina , Bermúdez de Diaz Fátima Elizabeth ,   Instituto Especializado de Profesionales de la Salud, San Miguel, El Salvador, Ayala Larios Lorena Evelyn ,   Instituto Especializado de Profesionales de la Salud, San Miguel, El Salvador, Campos Hernández Maximiliano Enrique ,   Instituto Especializado de Profesionales de la Salud, San Miguel, El Salvador
Published: December 2024

La investigación se llevó a cabo en la Laguna de Olomega con el objetivo de determinar los factores que generan la contaminación hídrica y elaborar un diagnóstico del estado del suelo de la laguna y sus consecuencias en el medio ambiente, así como en el estado de salud de los pobladores del municipio. A partir de la aplicación del enfoque cuantitativo y un método hipotético deductivo, se logra evidenciar que los factores de contaminación hídrica y de suelos de la laguna de Olomega tienen consecuencias en el medio ambiente y en el estado de salud de los pobladores. El estado del suelo muestra que existe contaminación por aluminio, cloro residual, hierro, manganeso, coliformes totales, fecales y Escherichia coli, siendo sus índices más altos a la orilla de la laguna, donde los depósitos de acumulación de residuos y desechos de aguas grises y negras se concentran más. La laguna de Olomega es un atractivo turístico importante y una fuente de adquisición de producto pesquero de la zona oriental de El Salvador, que le falta una debida protección al ecosistema acuático, por lo que en la investigación se propone crear alianzas con la municipalidad para obtener apoyo en la recuperación de la calidad del suelo y agua de la laguna y crear programas de concientización en todos los niveles educativos, sobre las costumbres que generan contaminación.
Cardiovascular Disease in the Americas: Social Determinants, Public Health Policies, and Recommendations
Authors: Silburn Alan
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this article is to examine the influence of social determinants of health on the global health problem of cardiovascular disease (CVD), particularly focused on the Americas region. CVD, which encompasses conditions such as coronary heart disease, heart failure, and cerebral vascular disease, is identified as the leading cause of mortality worldwide, with low- and middle-income countries bearing the brunt of its burden. The article discusses how factors such as economic status, education, environment, food supply, substance addiction, and health care accessibility contribute to the prevalence of CVD. Additionally, it explores current public health policies addressing CVD and provides recommendations for enhancing these policies to alleviate the burden of the disease. The recommendations include implementing tobacco control policies, raising the legal age for purchasing tobacco products, and advocating for comprehensive health care services. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of tailored interventions, evidence-based policies, and evaluation strategies in combating CVD and improving public health outcomes.
Opportunity Abounds—Expand Your Medical Writing Skills in the Rapidly Growing Fields of Health Economics and Outcomes Research (HEOR) and Real-World Evidence (RWE)
Authors: Drake Tom
Published: December 2024

Over the past 40 plus years, the health care industry in the United States has developed and launched innovative bio/ pharmaceutical products and medical devices available to prescribers, insurers, patients, and their caregivers. An essential question is why the United States leads the world in bio/pharmaceutical innovation and blockbuster therapies, and yet the US health care system delivers some of the lowest health outcomes among industrialized democracies.1 The United States ranks near or at the bottom of The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries for longevity, morbidity, obesity, chronic diseases, and other health-related categories. Adding to this challenge is the fact that the United States spends nearly twice as much per capita on health expenditures than any other European Union or OECD country.
2024 Medical Communication Compensation Report Executive Summary
Authors: AMWA
Published: December 2024

As the leading professional association for medical communicators, the American Medical Writers Association (AMWA) has conducted periodic compensation surveys to benchmark salaries and income for employee and freelance medical communicators for the past 35 years. AMWA’s 2024 compensation survey, conducted by Association Research, Inc. (ARI), collected data from over 1,000 medical communication professionals reporting on the tax year ending December 2023.
AMWA is grateful to every medical writer, editor, and communicator who took the time to complete the survey. Your input is the foundation of the AMWA 2024 Medical Communication Compensation Report, recognized as one of the most reliable sources of income data, specifically for medical writers and editors across employment settings.
Leading this year’s work was AMWA’s Deputy Director, Shari Rager, MS, CAE, who collaborated closely with ARI and a volunteer review team including Gail Flores, PhD; Leena Knight, PhD; Stephen Palmer, PhD, ELS; Joanne Rosenberg, MS, ELS; Cynthia Saver, MS, RN; Linda Yih; and Kim Korwek, PhD (Board Liaison). Member support through survey participation and volunteer effort allows AMWA to create valuable resources for the field of medical communication.
The following is the Executive Summary, presented as published, from the 2024 Medical Communication Compensation Report. The full report may be downloaded by AMWA members as a benefit of membership.