bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards a neurocognitive approach to dance movement therapy for mental health: A systematic review
Authors: Millman L. S. Merritt , Terhune Devin B. , Hunter Elaine C. M. , Orgs Guido
Published: June 2020

Dance movement therapy (DMT) has become an increasingly recognized and used treatment, though primarily used to target psychological and physical well‐being in individuals with physical, medical or neurological illnesses. To contribute to the relative lack of literature within the field of DMT for clinical mental health disorders, using a narrative synthesis, we review the scope of recent, controlled studies of DMT in samples with different psychiatric disorders including depression, schizophrenia, autism and somatoform disorder. A systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, Science Direct, World of Science and Clinicaltrials.gov) was conducted to identify studies examining the effects of DMT in psychiatric populations. Fifteen studies were eligible for inclusion. After reviewing the principal results of the studies, we highlight strengths and weaknesses of this treatment approach and examine the potential efficacy of using bodily movements as a tool to reduce symptoms. We conclude by placing DMT within the context of contemporary cognitive neuroscience research, drawing out implications of such an orientation for future research and discussing potential mechanisms by which DMT might reduce psychiatric symptoms. DMT has clear potential as a treatment for a range of conditions and symptoms, and thus, further research on its utility is warranted.
Similarities in Recalcitrant Structures of Industrial Non‐Kraft and Kraft Lignin
Authors: Tricker Andrew W. , Stellato Michael J. , Kwok Thomas T. , Kruyer Nicholas S. , Wang Zhongzhen , Nair Sankar , Thomas Valerie M. , Realff Matthew J. , Bommarius Andreas S. , Sievers Carsten
Published: June 2020

This work compares the structure of industrially isolated lignin samples from kraft pulping and three alternative processes: butanol organosolv, supercritical water hydrolysis, and sulfur dioxide/ethanol/water fractionation. Kraft processes are known to produce highly condensed lignin, with reduced potential for catalytic depolymerization, whereas the alternative processes have been hypothesized to impact the lignin less. The structural properties most relevant to catalytic depolymerization are characterized by elemental analysis, quantitative 13C and 2 D HQSC NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and thermogravimetric analysis. Quantification of the β‐O‐4 ether bond content shows partial depolymerization, with all samples having less than 12 bonds per 100 aromatic units. This results in theoretical monomer yields of less than 5 %, strongly suggesting the alternative fractionation processes generate highly condensed lignin structures that are no more suitable for catalytic depolymerization than kraft lignin. However, the different thermal degradation profiles suggest there are physicochemical differences that could be leveraged in other valorization strategies.
Estimating prevalence and test accuracy in disease ecology: How Bayesian latent class analysis can boost or bias imperfect test results
Authors: Helman Sarah K. , Mummah Riley O. , Gostic Katelyn M. , Buhnerkempe Michael G. , Prager Katherine C. , Lloyd‐Smith James O.
Published: June 2020

Obtaining accurate estimates of disease prevalence is crucial for the monitoring and management of wildlife populations but can be difficult if different diagnostic tests yield conflicting results and if the accuracy of each diagnostic test is unknown. Bayesian latent class analysis (BLCA) modeling offers a potential solution, providing estimates of prevalence levels and diagnostic test accuracy under the realistic assumption that no diagnostic test is perfect.

In typical applications of this approach, the specificity of one test is fixed at or close to 100%, allowing the model to simultaneously estimate the sensitivity and specificity of all other tests, in addition to infection prevalence. In wildlife systems, a test with near‐perfect specificity is not always available, so we simulated data to investigate how decreasing this fixed specificity value affects the accuracy of model estimates.

We used simulations to explore how the trade‐off between diagnostic test specificity and sensitivity impacts prevalence estimates and found that directional biases depend on pathogen prevalence. Both the precision and accuracy of results depend on the sample size, the diagnostic tests used, and the true infection prevalence, so these factors should be considered when applying BLCA to estimate disease prevalence and diagnostic test accuracy in wildlife systems. A wildlife disease case study, focusing on leptospirosis in California sea lions, demonstrated the potential for Bayesian latent class methods to provide reliable estimates under real‐world conditions.

We delineate conditions under which BLCA improves upon the results from a single diagnostic across a range of prevalence levels and sample sizes, demonstrating when this method is preferable for disease ecologists working in a wide variety of pathogen systems.
Disentangling trait versus state characteristics of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale and the PHQ‐8 Depression Scale
Authors: Dumenci Levent , Kroenke Kurt , Keefe Francis J. , Ang Dennis C. , Slover James , Perera Robert A. , Riddle Daniel L.
Published: June 2020

Background

Research on the role of trait versus state characteristics of a variety of measures among persons experiencing pain has been a focus for the past few decades. Studying the trait versus state nature of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐8) depression scale would be highly informative given both are commonly measured in pain populations and neither scale has been studied for trait/state contributions.

Methods

The PHQ‐8 and PCS were obtained on persons undergoing knee arthroplasty at baseline, 2‐, 6‐ and 12‐month post‐surgery (N = 402). The multi‐trait generalization of the latent trait–state model was used to partition trait and state variability in PCS and PHQ‐8 item responses simultaneously. A set of variables were used to predict trait catastrophizing and trait depression.

Results

For total scores, the latent traits and latent states explain 63.2% (trait = 43.2%; state = 20.0%) and 50.2% (trait = 29.4%; state = 20.8%) of the variability in PCS and PHQ‐8, respectively. Patients with a high number of bodily pain sites, high levels of anxiety, young patients and African‐American patients had high levels of trait catastrophizing and trait depression. The PCS and the PHQ‐8 consist of both enduring trait and dynamic state characteristics, with trait characteristics dominating for both measures.

Conclusion

Clinicians and researchers using these scales should not assume the obtained measurements solely reflect either trait‐ or state‐based characteristics.

Significance

Clinicians and researchers using the PCS or PHQ‐8 scales are measuring both state and trait characteristics and not just trait‐ or state‐based characteristics.
An integrative framework on the impact of allies: How identity‐based needs influence intergroup solidarity and social movements
Authors: Selvanathan Hema Preya , Lickel Brian , Dasgupta Nilanjana
Published: June 2020

What impact do advantaged group allies have within social movements? Although solidarity between advantaged and disadvantaged group members is often encouraged to achieve long‐term social change, allies run the risk of being ineffective or counterproductive, therefore making it important to shift our focus towards understanding the impact of allies. We propose an integrative theoretical framework describing the positive and negative impact of allies based on their distinct identity‐based needs: advantaged group members’ need for moral acceptance and disadvantaged group members’ need for empowerment and respect. By consolidating extant literature and identifying gaps in prior research, we propose a set of hypotheses concerning (a) tensions that arise within intergroup solidarity efforts for social change between advantaged group allies and disadvantaged group members, and (b) the role of allies in influencing broader public opinion to advance the psychology of social change.
Combustion and vibration characteristics of variable compression ratio direct injection diesel engine fuelled with diesel‐biodiesel and alcohol blends
Authors: Jaikumar Sagari , Bhatti Sukhvinder Kaur , Srinivas Vadapalli , Rajasekhar Medidi , Santosh Kumar Lakkoju
Published: June 2020

The objective of the present investigation is to explore the influence of ternary (diesel‐biodiesel‐alcohol) fuel blends on the combustion and vibration parameters of a variable compression ratio compression ignition engine. Kusum seed oil biodiesel and isobutyl alcohol were blended with conventional diesel to make a ternary fuel. The blend of biodiesel‐diesel (B20) was made in proportion of 20% and 80% by volume, respectively. Furthermore, isobutyl alcohol was added at diverse proportions (ie, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1%). The investigation was carried at different compression ratios (CRs), namely, 16.5, 17.5, and 18.5. The study shows that, upon the addition of isobutyl alcohol, the combustion characteristics (ie, cylinder pressure [CP] and net heat release rate [NHRR]) are significantly enhanced, whereas the mechanical vibration level maintains stable. The CP and NHRR of B20+ 1% isobutyl alcohol are greatly improved for corresponding values of 4.55% and 8.39%, respectively, except for the conventional diesel at CR 18.5. Furthermore, the root mean square velocity (vibration) decreases when increasing the quantity of isobutyl alcohol and attained a minimum with B20+ 1% isobutyl alcohol. The experimental results show that the isobutyl alcohol up to 1% with diesel‐biodiesel blends can be used in the CI engine with no further adjustments.
Changes in the radial growth of trees in relation to biogeomorphic processes in an old‐growth forest on flysch, Czechia
Authors: Kašpar Jakub , Šamonil Pavel , Krůček Martin , Daněk Pavel
Published: June 2020

Tree radial growth is influenced by individual tree abilities, climate, competition, disturbance regimes, as well as biogeomorphic processes – including biomechanical interactions between trees and soil. Trees are actively involved in hillslope dynamics, both responding to and affecting many (bio)geomorphic processes. Using dendrochronology, we studied feedbacks associated with tree–soil–landscape formation, specifically relationships between hillslope processes, biomechanical effects of trees in soils, tree microhabitat conditions and their morphological adaptations, in the flysch zone of the Carpathians. We visually evaluated stem shape, microhabitat conditions and the biomechanical effects of 1663 trees. Cores were taken in four growing directions from 224 individuals of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). In a set of 193 cross‐dated beeches, average tree‐ring widths and tree eccentricities in all directions were calculated and analysed in relation to the biogeomorphic impacts of trees. Some significant drivers of tree radial growth and sources of stem eccentricity were detected. The radial growth of trees on which deadwood was leaning was markedly limited. In contrast, trees with exposed roots expressed the highest growth rates. This clearly suggests that root exposure may not be an effect of ‘exogenous’ soil creep, but may rather result from individually intensifying tree growth due to fine‐scale disturbance dynamics. The response of biomechanical tree–soil interactions in tree radial growth weakened with increasing stem diameter, reflecting the stabilizing role of larger trees. The significance of calendar year on radial growth suggests seasonality in the dynamic component of soil creep. Tree eccentricity was observed mainly in the downslope direction, which suggests a relatively complex effect of biomechanics on stem tilting. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Environmental Assessment of Various End-of-Life Pathways for Treating Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Spent Fire-Extinguishing Waters
Authors: Maga Daniel , Aryan Venkat , Bruzzano Stefano
Published: June 2020

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are now thought to be far more prevalent in water bodies across the globe than previously reported. In particular, military bases, airports, and industrial sites are prone to contamination caused by runoff discharges from fire-extinguishing waters that contain PFAS such as aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF). These substances and their metabolites show a high degree of mobility as well as a low biotic and abiotic degradability; as a result, they are bioaccumulative and often migrate among the environmental compartments in addition to being toxic. As of now, there is no suitable end-of-life treatment process that is both technologically efficient and cost-effective for the handling of PFAS. Currently, the incineration of the collected extinguishing water at temperatures above 1100 °C is the recommended method for the disposal of PFAS to degrade material compounds. However, this method consumes extensive energy because it requires incineration of large quantities of water to treat a diluted fraction of PFAS. Aside from incineration, adsorption of PFAS on granulated activated carbon is one of the most widely used technologies, albeit with poor adsorption and often requiring very large downstream filtration systems. Finally, the application of functional precipitation agents using commercially available cationic surfactants is a novel approach (PerfluorAd® [Cornelsen] process) that enables the effective precipitation of PFAS from the spent fire-extinguishing waters. Hence, the goal of the present study was to investigate the environmental impacts emanating from the proper treatment of spent fire-extinguishing water with the aforementioned 3 end-of-life treatment scenarios. A life cycle assessment was conducted for this purpose. The results show that the PerfluorAd process outperforms the other 2 treatment technologies across all environmental impact categories except for ozone depletion. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:947–957. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Effects of vacuum packaging in freezer on oxidative spoilage indexes of fish Lethrinus atkinsoni
Authors: Aberoumand Ali , Baesi Farideh
Published: June 2020

The improved atmosphere within the packages with low o2 concentration, and high concentration of co2 has been shown to significantly long time the shelf life of suitable fish at freezer. Vacuum packing is known to be as one of the methods of extending the shelf life of seafood. The purpose of the present study is to scrutinize the effect of vacuum packaging on oxidative spoilage indexes in fish Lethrinus atkinsoni fillet under freezing at −18°C in 0, 20, and 40 days. To this end, it was initially purchased 20 kg fish from a conventional market in Behbahan, Khuzestan Province, Iran. The total remaining fish after washing and waste removal was divided into packages of 150 g as the required samples and kept in a freezer. The fillets were divided into two groups: The first group was packed in polyethylene bags under vacuum, and the other group was considered as a case of treatment control, kept in freezer at −18°C. The results showed progress spoilage indexes in samples packed in vacuum during 0, 20, and 40 days found lower than control treatment with significant different (p < .05). The peroxide and thiobarbituric acid and free fatty acids contents decreased in frozen samples in 20 and 40 days in vacuum, but pH value increased. The results showed packed samples in freezing and in vacuum conditions, were a suitable method for low lipid oxidation in the L. atkinsoni fillets which led to the samples’ extended shelf life. It is concluded that packaging in vacuum as combined with freezing treatment prevails over freezing in individual by an acceptable long‐term fish shelf preservation.
Quantification and health risk assessment of heavy metals in milled maize and millet in the Tolon District, Northern Ghana
Authors: Larsen Kate‐Vera , Cobbina Samuel J. , Ofori Samuel A. , Addo Divine
Published: June 2020

This study was conducted to quantify the levels and measure the health risk of selected heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Pb, Mn, Cr, Ni) in milled millet and maize from 10 communities in the Tolon District, northern region of Ghana. Control samples of maize and millet were also prepared in order to identify whether the sources of the heavy metals were limited to the milling process or otherwise. The heavy metals present in the collected milled samples were quantified using an AAS Varian Spectra 220 FS. The average concentrations of the selected heavy metals in the milled maize samples were the following: Fe = 1.3392 ± 0.4341 mg/kg, Ni = 0.9502 ± 0.2696 mg/kg, Pb = 2.2177 ± 0.0534 mg/kg, Cr = 0.4359 ± 0.3574 mg/kg, Zn = 0.6809 ± 0.0534 mg/kg, and Mn = 0.3550 ± 0.1042 mg/kg. Milled millet samples recorded mean concentration of the heavy metals as Fe = 1.9467 ± 1.0597 mg/kg, Ni = 0.9520 ± 0.1218 mg/kg, Pb = 2.2780 ± 0.0221 mg/kg, Cr = 0.3421 ± 0.1498 mg/kg, Zn = 0.8540 ± 0.1139 mg/kg, and Mn = 0.4241 ± 0.0859 mg/kg. All selected heavy metals concentrations were below standards in food except Pb. Locally made mill plates were found to leach heavy metals in the milled flours due to the direct contact of the grains with the mill plates. However, the comparison of milled to pounded flour (control samples) indicated other potential sources of heavy metals aside from the disk attrition mill. The health risk assessment revealed no potential hazards nor cancer risk in both children and adults.
Isotope stratigraphy (87Sr/86Sr,13C) and depositional sequences of the Aruma Formation, Saudi Arabia: Implications to eustatic sea‐level changes
Authors: Farouk Sherif , Al‐Kahtany Khaled , Jain Sreepat , Ahmad Fayez , El‐Sorogy Abdelbaset
Published: June 2020

Lithofacies characteristics, depositional architecture (facies tracts and depositional sequences), stable isotopes (δ18O and δ13C), and87Sr/86Sr ratios were analysed from the Aruma Formation at the Khashm Buwaibiyat section (north‐east Riyadh, Saudi Arabia). The Aruma Formation consists of three formal members (base to top), Khanasir, Hajajah, and Lina members. Based on87Sr/86Sr and δ13C data, the lower age of the regionally distributed Aruma Formation (Khanasir Member) is now proposed as Late Campanian. This age assignment is supported by the identification of a distinct δ13C negative excursion (=Epsilon Event; Upper Campanian), and a globally conformable range of87Sr/86Sr values (0.707604–0.707703). Additionally, a review of previous fauna (ammonites and nannofossils) also favours this age assignment. The87Sr/86Sr values (0.707817–0.707848) from the upper part of the Hajajah Member reflects a Late Maastrichtian signature as also noted by the presence of a long‐term δ13C decrease. Additionally, based on lithofacies and depositional architecture for the Aruma Formation, nine facies types are identified. These are grouped into four facies associations (restricted peritidal, lagoon inner ramp, shoal transgressive lag, and coral reefs), reflecting four third‐order depositional sequences (transgression–regression cycles). These reflect strong influence of both eustatic sea‐level rise and regional tectonics (resulting in widespread unconformities and long‐time gaps). The shallowing and deepening of the sea level is inferred using sequence stratigraphy (system tracts) and lithofacies variations. This data suggests a gradual rise in sea level from the Upper Campanian to the Maastrichtian with an intervening fall around the Campanian‐Maastrichtian boundary.
Urban water systems under climate stress: An isotopic perspective from Berlin, Germany
Authors: Kuhlemann Lena‐Marie , Tetzlaff Doerthe , Soulsby Chris
Published: June 2020

Large urban areas are typically characterized by a mosaic of different land uses, with contrasting mixes of impermeable and permeable surfaces that alter “green” and “blue” water flux partitioning. Understanding water partitioning in such heterogeneous environments is challenging but crucial for maintaining a sustainable water management during future challenges of increasing urbanization and climate warming. Stable isotopes in water have outstanding potential to trace the partitioning of rainfall along different flow paths and identify surface water sources. While isotope studies are an established method in many experimental catchments, surprisingly few studies have been conducted in urban environments. Here, we performed synoptic sampling of isotopes in precipitation, surface water and groundwater across the complex city landscape of Berlin, Germany, for a large ‐scale overview of the spatio‐temporal dynamics of urban water cycling. By integrating stable isotopes of water with other hydrogeochemical tracers we were able to identify contributions of groundwater, surface runoff during storm events and effluent discharge on streams with variable degrees of urbanization. We could also assess the influence of summer evaporation on the larger Spree and Havel rivers and local wetlands during the exceptionally warm and dry summers of 2018 and 2019. Our results demonstrate that using stable isotopes and hydrogeochemical data in urban areas has great potential to improve our understanding of water partitioning in complex, anthropogenically‐affected landscapes. This can help to address research priorities needed to tackle future challenges in cities, including the deterioration of water quality and increasing water scarcity driven by climate warming, by improving the understanding of time‐variant rainfall‐runoff behaviour of urban streams, incorporating field data into ecohydrological models, and better quantifying urban evapotranspiration and groundwater recharge.
Indirect Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption Model for Electric Vehicles: Indian Scenario
Authors: Kurien Caneon , Srivastava Ajay Kumar , Molere Emeric
Published: June 2020

The environment-friendly nature of E-vehicles (electric vehicles) coupled with higher energy efficiency has increased their popularity in the automotive industry. A detailed study has been conducted in this article to evaluate the role of the energy mix for electricity generation at the charging locations in secondary C emissions from E-vehicles. The E-vehicle market is booming in India. Evaluation of indirect C emissions was conducted for 3 energy mix scenarios in India, and the results showed that in the present energy mix scenario, E-vehicle emissions will be more than that of conventional-fuel-based vehicles. An energy consumption model for the E-vehicle was also developed in this article using MATLAB Simulink, by considering road slope and driving conditions as input parameters. The developed model was tested for 3 driving conditions, namely (i) Flat road at a constant speed, (ii) Extra Urban Driving Cycle (EUDC), and (iii) Real-time driving condition, to estimate the relation between the energy consumption pattern and the driving range with road slope. Simulation results showed variation in the driving range of the E-vehicles regarding input parameters like road slope and vehicle speed. Therefore, this model could serve as an effective tool for establishing charging stations at strategic locations. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:998–1007. © 2020 SETAC
Cooperative spectrum sensing optimal threshold selection in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Ostovar Arash
Published: June 2020

In this article, an optimal threshold level value to improve spectrum sensing performance that satisfies minimum error probability is derived. Determining the threshold level to minimize sensing error with the minimum number of samples required can improve the detection performance, thus resulting in enhanced spectrum usage. A closed‐form expression for the optimal threshold level is derived, and further simplified by using the sensing error function along with the optimal weights and transmit powers to the decision‐making fusion center. Numerical results are provided and show improved sensing performance compared to conventional schemes.
A fog‐based ubiquitous exercise healthcare monitoring framework for smart cities
Authors: Wu Jiang , Patrono Luca
Published: June 2020

Fog‐based exercise healthcare monitoring (EHM) has attracted many interests in the field of smart cities (SCs) as an effective supplement to the cloud‐based applications to reduce the transmission delay and data quantity swarming from smart health devices toward the Internet. However, due to the amount of heterogeneous data from a variety of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, providing fast‐responsive or low‐latency service has always been a great challenge in EHM. Hence, to address these challenges, we propose a fog‐based framework for ubiquitous exercise monitoring capable of efficiently transmitting and processing data at the edge of the network. For this framework, a deep learning‐based traffic prediction method is proposed to ensure optimal network performance. The simulation results demonstrate that our proposed framework has better network performance, in terms of real‐time, average completion time and lost rate of packet queue, compared with several state‐of‐the‐art frameworks.
It is time to rethink theall‐Pharm.D. educational system: Multiple tiered degrees would better serve the diverse nature of pharmacy practice
Authors: Brown Daniel L.
Published: June 2020

As of the year 2000, schools of pharmacy stopped offering the option of a 5‐year baccalaureate degree. The 6‐year Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) is now the sole entry‐level pharmacy degree. Proponents of an all‐Pharm.D. educational system envisioned that universal doctoral training would raise the level of pharmacy practice by clinically preparing all graduates for greater involvement in direct patient care. Opponents of the change were concerned that some students would be over‐trained and under‐utilized for the distributive practices that awaited them on graduation. Others disputed the rationale of attempting to train all students to be clinical practitioners because societal preferences and the nature of pharmacy practice provided contradictory evidence of such a need. The purpose of this report is to review, from a historical perspective, how the all‐Pharm.D. decision evolved and explore whether the profession might be better served by a different educational system moving forward. It is difficult to find a compelling reason for having eliminated the tiered degree system that existed prior to the all‐Pharm.D. The 5‐year Bachelor of Science (B.S.) in Pharmacy and the 2‐year post‐B.S. Pharm.D. degrees served useful academic purposes and proved to be beneficial for students in each respective program. Some pharmacy schools currently lack sufficient resources to provide advanced clinical training and may be better suited to offering a baccalaureate degree. The nursing model of tiered degrees culminates with the terminal Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP), which, in large part, justifies the prescribing privileges and provider status afforded to nurse practitioners. A single entry‐level degree system over‐trains many students and undermines the potential of pharmacists to earn prescribing privileges and provider status in recognition of the clinical expertise they possess. A tiered degree system seems better suited to the diverse nature of pharmacy practice. Successfully executing such academic reform would require unity of purpose and collaboration across the profession.
Role of pharmacists during the COVID‐19 pandemic in China‐Shanghai experiences
Authors: Liao Yun , Ma Chunlai , Lau Alan H. , Zhong Mingkang
Published: June 2020

The roles and contributions of pharmacists in Shanghai during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic are described in this report. Five pharmacists have been appointed as members of an expert interdisciplinary health care team tasked with taking care of all adult patients with COVID‐19 in Shanghai in a designated hospital, the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (SPHCC). They work with pharmacists at SPHCC, having responsibilities that include drug supplies, dispensing, pharmacy intravenous admixture services (PIVAS), prescription audits, medication reconciliations, pharmacotherapy, therapeutic drug monitoring, and patient education. Due to the pandemic, pharmacy operations in all hospitals are modified to adhere to guidelines for infection risk mitigation and personnel protection. Community pharmacies serve as the public access point to health care and medical supplies, providing services beyond dispensing and medication counselling. The establishment of internet hospitals (telehealth facilities) provide new opportunities for delivering pharmaceutical care and working with health care professionals. Pharmacists also participate in evaluating new treatments and keeping health care teams informed of new findings for potential treatment considerations. In response to the critical need for health care professionals in Wuhan, 68 pharmacists from different parts of the country went there to work with the local pharmacists. Through assuming new roles and adapting existing practice, pharmacists have acquired invaluable experiences for future practice advancement. In order to assume these responsibilities effectively, pharmacists need to be equipped with the necessary skills for meeting the evolving health care challenges.
MicroRNA‐10a promotes epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition and stemness maintenance of pancreatic cancer stem cells via upregulating the Hippo signaling pathway through WWC2 inhibition
Authors: Wang Caiyan , Yin Wen , Liu Hui
Published: June 2020

MicroRNAs (miRNAs)‐mediated cancer stem cells (CSCs) have drawn wide attention. This study aimed to probe the role of miR‐10a in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness maintenance of pancreatic CSCs (PCSCs). Differentially expressed miRs and genes in pancreatic cancer (PC) were predicted via an online database, and the miR‐10a and WW and C2 domain containing 2 (WWC2) expression were identified via a comparative study in PC and pancreatitis tissues. PCNCs were isolated and identified, and then the functional roles of miR‐10a and WWC2 in proliferation, invasion, migration, self‐renewal, colony formation abilities, EMT, and stemness maintenance of PCNCs were determined. The effects of miR‐10a on tumor growth in vivo were studied by performing a xenograft tumor in nude mice. Consequently, miR‐10a was highly expressed while WWC2 was lowly expressed in PC tissues. miR‐10a could target WWC2 expression. miR‐10a inhibition reduced EMT and stemness maintenance of PCSCs via enhancing WWC2 expression. The in vitro results were reproduced in in vivo studies. miR‐10a promoted EMT and stemness maintenance of PCSCs via activating the Hippo signaling pathway. Our study provided evidence that miR‐10a inhibition reduced EMT and stemness maintenance of PCSCs via upregulating WWC2 expression and inhibiting the Hippo signaling pathway.
Hydrothermal synthesis of rod‐like CoMoO4 and its excellent properties for the anode of lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Feng Qingnan , Wang Xinlu , Zhang Huan , Wang Jinxian , Liu Guixia , Yu Wensheng , Dong Xiangting
Published: June 2020

CoMoO4 has attracted extensive interest as an anode for lithium‐ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity and low cost. Nevertheless, achieving controlled synthesis of CoMoO4 with definite morphology by simply adjusting a certain synthesis condition is a very meaningful topic. Here, rod‐like CoMoO4 formed by lamellar stacking was successfully synthesized through the control pH value of one‐step hydrothermal route, and its excellent electrochemical performance was investigated. The rod‐like CoMoO4 prepared at 190°C and pH = 7 has a high initial discharge capacity of 1,482.8 mAh/g at 200 mA/g. The discharge capacity of 1,041 mAh/g was maintained after 500 cycles, and the capacity retention was 70.2%. The improved electrochemical performance of rod‐like CoMoO4 can be attributed to the rod structures, which could shorten ion diffusion and electronic conduction pathway, provide more efficient charge storage sites, and alleviate the volume changes during Li + intercalation/deintercalation.
Broad‐spectrum next‐generation sequencing‐based diagnosis of a case of Nager syndrome
Authors: Zhao Jue , Yang Liwei
Published: June 2020

Background

Nager syndrome is a rare genetic syndrome characterized by craniofacial and preaxial limb anomalies. Haploinsufficiency of the SF3B4 gene has been identified as a significant reason for Nager syndrome. Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) has similar facial features; however, the TCOF1, POLR1D, and POLR1C genes have been reported as the critical disease‐causing genes. Similar phenotypes make it easy to misdiagnose.

Case report

In this report, we have presented a case of one newborn with acrofacial dysostosis, who was first diagnosed with TCS. Expanded next‐generation sequencing eventually detected a (c.1A>G) heterozygous mutation in the SF3B4 gene at chr1:149899651 that was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Combined with his preaxial limb anomalies discovered after his death, a diagnosis of Nager syndrome was made.

Conclusions

This report presents one patient with Nager syndrome who was initially misdiagnosed with TCS. Correct genetic testing will be beneficial to future prenatal diagnosis.
Restless legs syndrome induced by fexofenadine/pseudoephedrine
Authors: Nishioka Hiroaki , Kanzawa Yohei
Published: June 2020

Antihistamines are known risk factors for restless legs syndrome (RLS). However, reports on RLS associated with fexofenadine or its combinations are rare. Here, we report a 30‐year‐old woman with RLS that was induced by fexofenadine/pseudoephedrine. She had been taking fexofenadine/pseudoephedrine for three months and felt a strong urge to move her legs at night, which was relieved by movement. Her condition improved by taking pramipexole, which she discontinued subsequently because of dizziness. One month later, she quitted taking fexofenadine/pseudoephedrine, after which her symptoms disappeared a week later. This case study demonstrates that RLS can be induced by fexofenadine/pseudoephedrine and we should always consider the possibility of drug‐induced RLS.
Artemisinin attenuates IgM xenoantibody production via inhibition of T cell-independent marginal zone B cell proliferation
Authors: Liu Lihua , Zhao Juanzhi , Li An , Yang Xuan , Sprangers Ben , Li Shengqiao
Published: June 2020

Artemisinin (ART) has been shown to suppress B cell activation and plasma cell formation. However, its effect on splenic marginal zone (MZ) B cells is unknown. Splenic MZ B cells play a critical role in rapidly induced Ab production against blood-borne foreign Ags. Dysfunction of MZ B cells, due to inhibition of its proliferation or displacement of its homing, results in an attenuated adaptive humoral response. Here, we investigate the effect of ART on splenic MZ B (CD19+CD21highCD23low) and B10 (CD19+CD1dhighCD5+) B cells to explore the mechanisms of ART-induced immunosuppression in T cell-deficient nude mice challenged with hamster xenoantigens. In this study, we demonstrate that ART decreases T cell-independent xenogeneic IgM Ab production and, this is associated with a strong suppression of MZ B cell proliferation and a relative increase of CD21lowCD23+ follicular and B10 B cells. In addition, this suppression impairs IL-10 production. Taken together, our data indicate that ART suppresses B cell immune responses through a distinctive effect on splenic MZ B and other B cells. This represents a new mechanism of ART-induced immunosuppression.
Epidemiological features and viral shedding in children with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Hua Chun‐Zhen , Miao Zi‐Ping , Zheng Ji‐Shan , Huang Qian , Sun Qing‐Feng , Lu Hong‐Ping , Su Fei‐Fei , Wang Wei‐Hong , Huang Lie‐Ping , Chen Da‐Qing , Xu Zhi‐Wei , Ji Le‐Dan , Zhang Hong‐Ping , Yang Xiao‐Wei , Li Ming‐Hui , Mao Yue‐Yan , Ying Man‐Zhen , Ye Sheng , Shu Qiang , Chen En‐Fu , Liang Jian‐Feng , Wang Wei , Chen Zhi‐Min , Li Wei , Fu Jun‐Fen
Published: June 2020

A pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection broke out all over the world; however, epidemiological data and viral shedding in pediatric patients are limited. We conducted a retrospective, multicenter study, and followed‐up with all children from the families with SARS‐CoV‐2 infected members in Zhejiang Province, China. All infections were confirmed by testing the SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA with real‐time reverse transcription PCR method, and epidemiological data between children and adults in the same families were compared. Effect of antiviral therapy was evaluated observationally and fecal‐viral excretion times among groups with different antiviral regiments were compared with Kaplan‐Meier plot. By 29 February 2020, 1298 cases from 883 families were confirmed with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and 314 of which were families with children. Incidence of infection in child close contacts was significantly lower than that in adult contacts (13.2% vs 21.2%). The mean age of 43 pediatric cases was 8.2 years and mean incubation period was 9.1 days. Forty (93.0%) were family clustering. Thirty‐three children had coronavirus disease 2019 (20 pneumonia) with mild symptoms and 10 were asymptomatic. Fecal SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA detection was positive in 91.4% (32/35) cases and some children had viral excretion time over 70 days. Viral clearance time was not different among the groups treated with different antiviral regiments. No subsequent infection was observed in family contacts of fecal‐viral‐excreting children. Children have lower susceptibility of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, longer incubation, and fecal‐viral excretion time. Positive results of fecal SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA detection were not used as indication for hospitalization or quarantine.
Redistribution of inhibitory force feedback between a long toe flexor and the major ankle extensor muscles following spinal cord injury
Authors: Niazi Irrum F. , Lyle Mark A. , Rising Aaron , Howland Dena R. , Nichols T. Richard
Published: June 2020

Inhibitory pathways from Golgi tendon organs project widely between muscles crossing different joints and axes of rotation. Evidence suggests that the strength and distribution of this intermuscular inhibition is dependent on motor task and corresponding signals from the brainstem. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether this sensory network is altered after spinal cord hemisection as a potential explanation for motor deficits observed after spinal cord injury (SCI). Force feedback was assessed between the long toe flexor and ankle plantarflexor (flexor hallucis longus), and the three major ankle extensors, (combined gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris muscles) in the hind limbs of unanesthetized, decerebrate, female cats. Data were collected from animals with intact spinal cords (control) and lateral spinal hemisections (LSHs) including chronic LSH (4–20 weeks), subchronic LSH (2 weeks), and acute LSH. Muscles were stretched individually and in pairwise combinations to measure intermuscular feedback between the toe flexor and each of the ankle extensors. In control animals, three patterns were observed (balanced inhibition between toe flexor and ankle extensors, stronger inhibition from toe flexor to ankle extensor, and vice versa). Following spinal hemisection, only strong inhibition from toe flexors onto ankle extensors was observed independent of survival time. The results suggest immediate and permanent reorganization of force feedback in the injured spinal cord. The altered strength and distribution of force feedback after SCI may be an important future target for rehabilitation.
Historical trends of rain and air temperature in the Dominican Republic
Authors: Izzo Michela , Aucelli Pietro P. C. , Maratea Antonio
Published: June 2020

The present work aims to characterize trends in air temperature and precipitation from the late 1930s to 2007 in the Dominican Republic, establishing whether some climate change patterns can be identified in the distribution of climate types of this country. The time series to be analysed present many quality issues and challenges, essentially due to abundance of missing data and inhomogeneous measurements. A number of statistical corrections have hence been applied: time series have been first filtered, then homogenized with respect to purposely built reference series, then completed through multiple imputation. Trend estimation has finally been performed on the annual and monthly scale. The analysis of homogenized and imputed series shows that significant trends occurred since 1930s, both in rain and air temperature. A pattern in the distribution of rain trends is evident in the country during the period 1939–2007, which reflects the influence of the orographic structure of the country on the atmospheric dynamics that dominate in the Caribbean region: significant negative annual trends are detectable in leeward areas, behind the main mountainous chains, while positive trends are generally evident in windward regions, exposed to trade winds. All the analysed series demonstrate an increase in air temperature: in Santo Domingo, minimum air temperature increased 3.0 ± 0.5°C since 1936, while the maximum air temperature increased 1.8 ± 0.4°C in the same period. Furthermore, an increase of rain erosivity can be detected on the South coast of the country, in some areas of the Cordillera Central and in the Northeast. Another important result is the increase of potential evapotranspiration, while significant uniform trends cannot be identified for extreme events.
Are high fresh gas flow rates necessary during the wash‐in period in low‐flow anesthesia?
Authors: Arslan Mahmut , Gişi Gökçe , Öksüz Gözen , Öksüz Hafize , Bilal Bora , Boran Ömer Faruk , Çalışır Feyza
Published: June 2020

In low‐flow anesthesia (LFA), there is a wash‐in period in which usually high fresh gas flow (FGF) rates are used to achieve the required initial concentration of anesthetic agent in the alveoli. The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency, safety and the consumption of desflurane in LFA using constant FGF (1 L/min) and conventional LFA using high FGF (4 L/min) during the wash‐in period. Eighty patients, who were scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation, were enrolled in the study. Wash‐in was accomplished with 1 L/min FGF (50% O2, 50% air) and 18% desflurane in group 1; and by 4 L/min FGF (50% O2, 50% air) and 6% desflurane in group 2. Throughout the surgery, the vaporizer was adjusted to maintain 0.6 to 0.8 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC). The time required to reach 0.7 MAC was shorter in group 1 (160 seconds [135‐181] vs 288 seconds [240‐500], P < .001). In 6 patients in group 1 and 13 in group 2, vaporizer settings were adjusted to maintain 0.6 to 0.8 MAC (P = .048). Desflurane consumption in the first hour and total desflurane consumption were higher in group 2 (P < .001 and P = .012, respectively). The efficiency of anesthesia in both the first hour and in total was higher in group 1 (P < .001). It is safe, more efficient, and economical to use 1 L/min FGF during the wash‐in period in LFA.
Myelin and Lipid Composition of the Corpus Callosum in Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I Mice
Authors: Le Steven Q. , Nestrasil Igor , Kan Shih‐hsin , Egeland Martin , Cooper Jonathan D. , Elashoff David , Guo Rong , Tolar Jakub , Yee Jennifer K. , Dickson Patricia I.
Published: June 2020

Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a lysosomal disease with progressive central nervous system involvement. This study examined the lipid, cholesterol, and myelin basic protein composition of white matter in the corpus callosum of MPS I mice. We studied 50 week‐old, male MPS I mice and littermate, heterozygote controls (n= 12 per group). Male MPS I mice showed lower phosphatidylcholine and ether‐linked phosphatidylcholine quantities than controls (p < 0.05). Twenty‐two phospholipid or ceramide species showed significant differences in percent of total. Regarding specific lipid species, MPS I mice exhibited lower quantities of sphingomyelin 18:1, phosphatidylserine 38:3, and hexosylceramide d18:1(22:1) mH2O than controls. Principal components analyses of polar, ceramide, and hexosylceramide lipids, respectively, showed some separation of MPS I and control mice. We found no significant differences in myelin gene expression, myelin basic protein, or total cholesterol in the MPS I miceversusheterozygous controls. There was a trend toward lower proteolipid protein‐1 levels in MPS I mice (p= 0.06). MPS I mice show subtle changes in white matter composition, with an unknown impact on pathogenesis in this model.
Transmission dynamics: Data sharing in the COVID‐19 era
Authors: Foraker Randi E. , Lai Albert M. , Kannampallil Thomas G. , Woeltje Keith F. , Trolard Anne M. , Payne Philip R. O.
Published: June 2020

Problem

The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic underscores the need for building and sustaining public health data infrastructure to support a rapid local, regional, national, and international response. Despite a historical context of public health crises, data sharing agreements and transactional standards do not uniformly exist between institutions which hamper a foundational infrastructure to meet data sharing and integration needs for the advancement of public health.

Approach

There is a growing need to apply population health knowledge with technological solutions to data transfer, integration, and reasoning, to improve health in a broader learning health system ecosystem. To achieve this, data must be combined from healthcare provider organizations, public health departments, and other settings. Public health entities are in a unique position to consume these data, however, most do not yet have the infrastructure required to integrate data sources and apply computable knowledge to combat this pandemic.

Outcomes

Herein, we describe lessons learned and a framework to address these needs, which focus on: (a) identifying and filling technology “gaps”; (b) pursuing collaborative design of data sharing requirements and transmission mechanisms; (c) facilitating cross‐domain discussions involving legal and research compliance; and (d) establishing or participating in multi‐institutional convening or coordinating activities.

Next steps

While by no means a comprehensive evaluation of such issues, we envision that many of our experiences are universal. We hope those elucidated can serve as the catalyst for a robust community‐wide dialogue on what steps can and should be taken to ensure that our regional and national health care systems can truly learn, in a rapid manner, so as to respond to this and future emergent public health crises.
Tunable Control of the Hydrophilicity and Wettability of Conjugated Polymers by a Postpolymerization Modification Approach
Authors: Cong Shengyu , Creamer Adam , Fei Zhuping , Hillman Sam A. J. , Rapley Charlotte , Nelson Jenny , Heeney Martin
Published: June 2020

A facile method to prepare hydrophilic polymers by a postpolymerization nucleophillic aromatic substitution reaction of fluoride on an emissive conjugated polymer (CP) backbone is reported. Quantitative functionalization by a series of monofunctionalized ethylene glycol oligomers, from dimer to hexamer, as well as with high molecular weight polyethylene glycol is demonstrated. The length of the ethylene glycol sidechains is shown to have a direct impact on the surface wettability of the polymer, as well as its solubility in polar solvents. However, the energetics and band gap of the CPs remain essentially constant. This method therefore allows an easy way to modulate the wettability and solubility of CP materials for a diverse series of applications.