bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Türk Ordusunda Ast Kademe Komuta İhtiyacı: Küçük Zabitlikten Astsubaylığa
Authors: Karakuş Sadık Emre
Published: November 2023

Bu makalede, modern orduların alt düzey komuta ve eğitim ihtiyacını karşılayan astsubay muadili kadroların, Türk ordusundaki tarihî seyri tetkik edilecektir. Modern ordu teşkilatları kapsamında ele alındığında, ilk defa 1826 yılında kurulan “Asâkir-i Mansûre-i Muhammediyye” ordusundan itibaren farklı isimlerle birliklerde görev yapmaya başlayan bu kadrolar, resmî olarak 1951 yılında astsubay olarak nitelendirilmiş ve bu yıla kadar dönemin paradigma orduları olan Fransız, Alman ve Amerikan ordularının etkisinde kalarak bir dizi değişime uğramıştır. 1826-1951 yılları arasındaki bu değişim, Türkiye’ye özgü şartların da hâkim olmasıyla diğer dünya ordularından farklı bir şekle bürünerek ilerlemiştir.
Daha ziyade döneme ait birincil kaynaklar üzerinden ele alınan konu kapsamında, astsubay muadili olan ve “küçük zabit “olarak da adlandırılan kadroların seçim, eğitim, istihdam, statü, terfi süreçleri ve görev sahaları incelenerek bunlardaki değişim ortaya konulmak istenmiştir. Bu çalışma, akademik araştırmalara çok fazla konu edilmeyen astsubay muadili ast kademe kadrolarındaki göz ardı edilen/ertelenen ya da çözülmeyen sorunların orta ve uzun vadede daha büyük sorunlara yol açabileceğini; ortaya çıkan sonuçlar itibariyle de konunun sadece askerî teşkilat tarihi açısından değil harp tarihi, askerî eğitim tarihi ve askerî sosyoloji gibi diğer bilim alanları tarafından da incelenmesi gerektiğini göstermektedir.
Features of the Development of Memory in Primary Schoolchildren in the Process of Active Cognitive Activity and Education: The Impact of Digitalization of Education
Authors: Dekina E.V. , Shalaginova K.S.
Published: November 2023

The article discusses the features of the development of the memory in primary schoolchildren, offers psychological and pedagogical technologies for its development. The purpose of the article is to identify the features of the development of the memory in primary schoolchildren in the context of digitalization of education, designing a program for the development of memory of the primary schoolchildren of the digital generation in the process of cognitive activity and education. Research methods: theoretical; empirical (testing, pedagogical experiment); methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis. The materials of empirical research obtained on a sample of 1st grade students are described. The diagnostic program included 6 methods, the development program was based on the principles: taking into account age and individual characteristics, increasing the level of complexity, inclusion in active cognitive, educational activities, along with experimentation, design, development of basic skills, interests of children, etc.; recommendations were made to teachers on the development of memory in primary schoolchildren. The results of the study can be used in the organization of psychological and pedagogical support for students of primary school age.
Morphogenesis of decidual transformation of the endometrium. A literature review
Authors: Tral Tatiana G. , Kruglova Darya D. , Tolibova Gulrukhsor Kh.
Published: November 2023

Decidual transformation of the endometrium is the final stage of the cyclic endometrial transformation during pregnancy. The morphogenesis of endometrial transformation is represented by clearly coordinated hormone-receptor interactions via immunological, angiogenic, and apoptotic factors that are necessary for pregnancy development. The pathology of morphogenesis can cause implantation disorders and early reproductive losses, highlighting the medical and social relevance of this issue.
The aim of this review was to analyze the literature data on the morphogenesis of endometrial transformation in the first trimester of pregnancy. Open access full-text publications from the PubMed and eLibrary databases, as well as Russian relevant journals from 1999 to 2021 were used for the analysis.
The morphogenesis of endometrial transformation in the first trimester of pregnancy is determined by cyclic endometrial transformation adequacy and the optimal endometrium-embryo interaction under the influence of many factors. The complex approach in evaluation of multiple links in the morphogenesis of decidual transformation of the endometrium (steroidogenesis, immunogenesis, angiogenesis, and apoptosis) will reveal molecular mechanisms of pregnancy termination due to altered decidual membrane formation.
The fundamental value of molecular mechanisms underlying endometrial transformation in understanding the pathogenesis of reproductive failures dictates the necessity of endometrial transformation investigation under conditions of reprogramming and remodeling during pregnancy.
Fettyakh Halimovich Kutushev — outstanding scientist, surgeon, founder of surgical treatment of the patent ductus arteriosus (towards 100th Anniversary)
Authors: Shcheglova Larisa V. , Artyukh Linard Yu. , Karelina Natalia R. , Oppedizano Mikhail Giuseppe L. , Gafiatullin Marat R. , Gafiatulina Ksenia A. , Busorgina Maria O.
Published: November 2023

The article is devoted to the 100th anniversary of the birth of Fettyakh Halimovich Kutushev, an outstanding surgeon, innovator and organizer, chief surgeon of Leningrad (1964–1987), head of the Department of General Surgery of the Leningrad Pediatric Medical Institute. Fettyakh Halimovich is a veteran of the Great Patriotic War, a participant in the battles near Rzhev. During his service, F.H. Kutushev proved himself a courageous fighter, was awarded the Orders of the Patriotic War I and II degrees, as well as the Order of the Red Star. In 1944, after returning to Leningrad, he entered the Leningrad Pediatric Medical Institute, where he would finish his clinical residency in pediatric surgery. This is followed by postgraduate studies and work at the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the VMA, the defense of a PhD thesis. F.H. Kutushev became a famous surgeon in 1959 thanks to operations on the open arterial duct, the experience he gained formed the basis of his doctoral dissertation. Fettyakh Halimovich was a surgeon from God, he was subject to all types of surgical interventions, both in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. Having enormous experience, knowledge and organizational skills, Fettyakh Halimovich formed the largest surgical school, was repeatedly elected to the post of Chairman of the Board of the N.I. Pirogov Surgical Society. Under the leadership of Fettyakh Halimovich Kutushev, 27 candidate’s and 8 doctoral dissertations were completed. In addition, he acted as an official opponent on more than 450 defenses. Professor F.H. Kutushev published 12 monographs and about 200 works. For his scientific activity, he was awarded the prize of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, the title of “Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation” and an Honorary member of the Academic Council of the St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical Academy.
Newborn baby needs operation: is it possible to reduce the risk of postoperative mortality?
Authors: Bezhenar Vitaly F. , Ivanova Lidiia A. , Ivanov Dmitry O. , Krasnogorskaya Olga L.
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND: It is traditionally believed that the mortality of children operated on in the first days of life depends on the severity of congenital malformation and gestational age.
AIM: The aim of the study was to analyze the causes of death of children in the neonatal period, after surgical interventions performed in the perinatal period, in order to develop a set of measures to reduce mortality.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted between two groups: the main group included 77 newborns who underwent surgery in the Perinatal Center of St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University in the perinatal period (the first 168 hours of extrauterine life) and died in the first 28 days of life, the control group included 287 children operated on in the perinatal period and survived 28 days.
RESULTS: It has been established that the cause of death in more than half of the newborns operated on in the perinatal period are infectious agents (viruses, bacteria and their combinations). The infectious process aggravates the course of the postoperative period and increases the number of complications of the underlying disease, which, as a result, leads to the death of the child in the neonatal period. Significant contributors include: chlamydial infection, toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus infection, and infection caused by Herpes simplex 1, 2. The most common causes of death in newborns in the postoperative period were microorganisms of the Staphylococcaceae family, the genus Mycoplasma, as well as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecalis.
CONCLUSIONS: The cause of death in more than half of newborns operated on during the perinatal period is infectious agents (viruses, bacteria and their combinations). The infectious process makes the postoperative period more difficult and increases the number of complications of the underlying disease, which ultimately leads to the death of the child in the neonatal period. The high prevalence rate in the population, infection of the placenta, tissues and organs of the fetus, as well as the high role in the genesis of death in newborns, indicate the need for examination for Human herpesvirus 1 and 2, Chlamydia trachomatis, Toxoplasma gondii and Cytomegalovirus in pregnant women with prenatally diagnosed congenital malformations and in newborns requiring surgical treatment in the perinatal period.
The optimal choice of regional anesthesia in total knee arthroplasty: a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Andrianova Tatyana O. , Ezhevskaya Anna A. , Sushin Viliam O. , Zagrekov Valery I.
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND: Rapid advances has led to the widespread use of novel ultrasound-assisted regional anesthesia techniques, such as adductor canal block (ACB) and local infiltration of the interspace between the popliteal artery and the posterior knee capsule (iPACK-block). However, achieving adequate pain relief in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains an urgent problem for the anesthesiologist because universal recommendations for the use of blockades or their combinations have not been developed.
OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of combinations of various types of iPACK-blocks with single ACB in TKA in achieving analgesia and restoration of knee joint functions.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty was conducted over a 9-month period. One hundred six participants were divided into 3 groups: I — combination of single ACB + iPACK-block-placebo (n=35), II — combination of single ACB + proximal iPACK block (n=36), and III — combination of single ACB + distal iPACK block (n=35). Pain was assessed by VAS in the back of the knee. Time up and go test was performed. Range of motion in the knee joint (ROM), walking distance, and elevation of the operated limb were assessed. Sensory and motor block, postoperative nausea and vomiting severity, need for opioids, time to first analgesic use, and patient satisfaction were also assessed.
RESULTS: Pain scores and other outcomes were higher in the group with ACB than in the groups with iPACK both at rest and during movement (p=0.000). Pain in the back of the knee was lower in the distal iPACK group (p1,3=0.003, p2,3=0.032), with no difference in pain between proximal iPACK and single ACB. Moreover, patients who received iPACK performed better in the functional tests on day 1 but not on day 2. In the proximal block group, 5.56±3.82% of cases reported sensorimotor blockade. There were no other adverse events. Patient satisfaction with anesthesia was lower in the ACB group (p=0.000) and no differences in satisfaction was seen in the iPACK blocks.
CONCLUSION: The distal approach in iPACK block is an effective and simple technique to reduce pain in the back of the knee and risk of sensory block. Our findings indicate that combining adductor canal block and distal iPACK block is an optimal technique for achieving postoperative pain relief in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.
Unveiling the Dark Side of Social Media: Developing the First Galician Corpus for Misogyny Detection on Twitter and Mastodon
Authors: Álvarez Crespo Lucía María , Castro Laura M.
Published: November 2023

This work aims to develop the first Galician corpus for the detection of misogyny on Twitter and Mastodon. We collect and analyze linguistic data in Galician on these social media platforms, identifying manifestations of misogyny in digital communication. The process involves data collection, text selection, and normalization, followed by thorough cleaning. We apply machine learning techniques to train accurate models for classifying the presence of misogyny. The resulting corpus facilitates analysis and study by research teams interested in misogyny in Galician. This scientific advancement contributes to the understanding and prevention of misogyny in the Galician-speaking community, promoting equality and respect in digital communication in Galician
Effects of diquafosol sodium in povidone iodine-induced dry eye model
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222000, Jiangsu Province, China, Zhang Can , Chen Dong-Yan ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Zhang Ye People's Hospital Affiliated to Hexi University, Zhangye 734000, Gansu Province, China, Zhao Kai ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222000, Jiangsu Province, China, Wang Wei ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu Province, China, Li Ming-Xin ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu Province, China
Published: November 2023

AIM: To investigate the effects of diquafosol sodium (DQS) for dry eye model induced with povidone-iodine (PI) solution.
METHODS: Ten Sprague Dawley rats as the control group. Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were used to establish the dry eye model with stimulation of 10 g/L PI for 14d, then divided rats into three groups: dry eye group with no treatment (DED group, n=10); phosphate buffer saline treated group (PBS group, n=10); diquafosol treated group (DQS group, n=10). Clinical changes were observed by tear production test, fluorescein staining, tear break-up time (TBUT) test, corneal confocal microscope and ocular surface comprehensive analyzer. Eyeballs were collected on day 10 of treatment for hematoxylin-eosin (HE), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), and alcian blue staining. TUNEL assay, polymorphonuclear (PMN) and mucin 1 (MUC1) immunofluorescence were performed and corneal ultrastructural changes were detected by electron microscopy.
RESULTS: Compared with DED and PBS groups, tear production (7.26±0.440 vs 4.07±0.474 mm; 7.26±0.440 vs 3.74±0.280 mm; all P<0.01) and TBUT (7.37±0.383s vs 1.49±0.260s; 7.37±0.383s vs 1.42±0.437s; all P<0.01) were significantly increased in DQS group. HE, PAS, and alcian blue staining and MUC1 immunofluorescence showed mucins and conjunctival goblet cells density (8.45±0.718 vs 5.21±0.813 cells/0.1 mm2; 8.45±0.718 vs 5.36±0.615 cells/0.1 mm2; all P<0.01) increased in DQS group. Confocal microscopy, PMN immunofluorescence and TUNEL staining showed inflammatory infiltration and corneal epithelial cells apoptosis decreased in DQS group. The increased number of microvilli in corneal epithelial and the recovered cell junction were observed in DQS group.
CONCLUSION: PI instillation can induce goblet cells and mucin loss, epithelial cell apoptosis and inflammation, which are consistent with the pathological manifestations of dry eye. Diquafosol can repair the ocular surface damage caused by PI, reduce corneal inflammation, inhibit corneal epithelial cell apoptosis, promote mucin secretion and maintain tear film stability.
Role of reactive oxygen species in epithelial­-mesenchymal transition and apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China, Jing Rui-Hua , Qi Tian-Tian ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China, Ma Bo ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
Published: November 2023

AIM: To investigate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells (HLECs).
METHODS: Flow cytometry was used to assess ROS production after transforming growth factor β2 (TGF-β2) induction. Apoptosis of HLECs after H2O2 and TGF-β2 interference with or without ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) were assessed by flow cytometry. The corresponding protein expression levels of the EMT marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), the extracellular matrix (ECM), marker fibronectin (Fn), and apoptosis-associated proteins were detected by using Western blotting in the presence of an ROS scavenger (NAC). Wound-healing and Transwell assays were used to assess the migration capability of HLECs.
RESULTS: TGF-β2 stimulates ROS production within 8h in HLECs. Additionally, TGF-β2 induced HLECs cell apoptosis, EMT/ECM synthesis protein markers expression, and pro-apoptotic proteins production; nonetheless, NAC treatment prevented these responses. Similarly, TGF-β2 promoted HLECs cell migration, whereas NAC inhibited cell migration. We further determined that although ROS initiated apoptosis, it only induced the accumulation of the EMT marker α-SMA protein, but not COL-1 or Fn.
CONCLUSION: ROS contribute to TGF-β2-induced EMT/ECM synthesis and cell apoptosis of HLECs; however, ROS alone are not sufficient for EMT/ECM synthesis.
Peripapillary and macular vascular densities in healthy, ocular hypertensive, and different stages of glaucomatous eyes
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Minister of Health Hitit University Erol Olçok Education and Research Hospital, Çorum 19030, Turkey, Öztürk Caner , Ekşioğlu Ümit ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Başkent University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara 06170, Turkey, Sezenöz Almila Sarıgül ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Başkent University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara 06170, Turkey, Çolak Meriç ,   Department of Biostatistics, Başkent University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara 06300, Turkey
Published: November 2023

AIM: To investigate vascular changes in different stages of glaucoma and to evaluate the role of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in the early diagnosis of glaucoma.
METHODS: Glaucoma patients and healthy controls (n=29 eyes) were investigated in this cross-sectional comparative study. Glaucoma patients were grouped as ocular hypertension (n=44 eyes), preperimetric glaucoma (PPG; n=32 eyes), early glaucoma (EG; n=35 eyes), moderate stage glaucoma (MG; n=36 eyes), and advanced glaucoma (AG; n=35 eyes). Peripapillary and macular vascular densities (VDs) of all participants were compared and correlations of VDs and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT), ganglion cell analysis (GCA), and visual field (VF) tests were evaluated. Area under the receiver operation characteristic curves (AUC) of the peripapillary and macular VD parameters were obtained.
RESULTS: VD values ??decreased with the progression of glaucoma. Most peripapillary and macular VD parameters of PPG and EG groups were lower than healthy controls (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in RNFLT between the PPG and EG groups, but most peripapillary and macular VDs were found to be lower in EG group than in PPG group (P<0.05). In most disease group, VDs were significantly correlated with OCT parameters (P<0.001) and VF index (P<0.05). There were no significant correlations between VF and RNFLT indices in the AG group, but significant correlations were found between VF and VD values (P<0.05). AUC for discriminating between healthy and glaucomatous eyes were highest in whole image peripapillary VD (AUC: 0.865, 0.929, and 0.986, respectively in EG, MG, and AG groups).
CONCLUSION: OCTA can be used in the early diagnosis of glaucoma and can be useful in follow-up of the advanced disease. In cases where limitations or suspicions in structural and functional tests are present, OCTA can be used as a supportive diagnostic test, both in EG and AG.
Different approaches for treating myopic choroidal neovascularization: a network Meta-analysis
Authors:   Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha 410000, Hunan Province, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Aier Eye Hospital, Shanghai 200235, China; Shanghai Aier Eye Institute, Shanghai 200235, China, Wu Ya-Jun , Yang Jia-Song ,   Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha 410000, Hunan Province, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Aier Eye Hospital, Shanghai 200235, China; Shanghai Aier Eye Institute, Shanghai 200235, China, Fan Hua ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Aier Eye Hospital, Shanghai 200235, China; Shanghai Aier Eye Institute, Shanghai 200235, China, Li Wen-Sheng ,   Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha 410000, Hunan Province, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Aier Eye Hospital, Shanghai 200235, China; Shanghai Aier Eye Institute, Shanghai 200235, China
Published: November 2023

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF), photodynamic therapy (PDT), and laser treatment (LT) for anatomical and functional improvement in myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV) patients.
METHODS: Two researchers independently searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and other databases to screen studies comparing best-corrected vision acuity (BCVA) and foveal center thickness (FCT) changes after mCNV treatment. Post-treatment chorioretinal atrophy (CRA) is a secondary outcome indicator. The retrieval time limit is from the database construction to January 30, 2023.
RESULTS: A total of 1072 eyes in 16 articles were included. In the RCTs, intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) and intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) were superior to PDT (MD=0.18, 95%CI: 0.02, 0.40, MD=0.18, 95%CI: 0.01, 0.42) in improving BCVA of mCNV patients (P<0.05). The relative effectiveness in improving BCVA, from high to low, appeared to be IVR, intravitreal aflibercept (IVA), IVB, LT, PDT, and sham first followed by IVA (Sham/IVA). While improving the FCT from high to low was IVA, IVR, IVB, PDT. In retrospective studies, the results of BCVA after long-term treatment showed that all the therapeutic effects from high to low was IVA, intravitreal conbercept (IVC), IVR, IVB, IVB/IVR, PDT with IVB/IVR, PDT. The effect of improving FCT was IVA, IVR, IVC, PDT, and IVB from high to low. And in the effects of improving CRA, the IVB appeared to be higher than IVR, while the PDT was the smallest, but none of the differences in the results were statistically significant.
CONCLUSION: Anti-VEGF has the best effect on long-term vision improvement in mCNV patients, using IVB or IVR alone to treat mCNV may be better than IVB or IVR combined with PDT. There is no significant difference in the improvement of visual acuity, macular edema, and CRA in mCNV patients treated with any different anti-VEGF drugs.
Glaucoma among Saudi Arabian population: a scoping review
Authors:   Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology Division, College of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia, Abuallut Ismail , Albarnawi Ahmed Mustafa ,   College of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia, Jafar Sumayyah Ali ,   College of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia, Alamer Abdullah Mohammed ,   College of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia, Altubayqi Tahani Hassan ,   College of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia, Hadadi Mohammed Ahmed ,   College of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia, Alasiri Mohand Abdullah ,   College of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
Published: November 2023

Despite its high risk of leading to permanent visual dysfunction, glaucoma remains underdiagnosed in primary care settings. About 11% of glaucoma patients in Saudi Arabia end up with bilateral blindness. This scoping review investigates and presents results on the glaucoma profile, including its prevalence, knowledge, attitude, and practice of Saudi Arabians towards the disease. An online search using four databases through online software (www.rayyan.ai) was performed to extract the relevant articles. Out of 76 records, 21 articles were eligible for the analysis. All included studies were published between the years 2014 and 2022. Most studies were in Riyadh city, followed by Jeddah. All participants (n=11 388) were adults >18 years old, and male participants were generally higher than females. The findings showed poor knowledge of glaucoma among the general population, while the knowledge among glaucoma patients was acceptable. The attitude was positive, while the compliance and practice were fair. More educational programs about glaucoma, its risk to the eyes, and the overall quality of life are highly recommended.
THERMODYNAMIC MAGNITUDES OF MIXING AND SOLVATION OF ACETAMINOPHEN IN ETHANOL + WATER COSOLVENT MIXTURES.
Authors: Jiménez Jackson A. , Martínez Fleming
Published: November 2023

Based on van't Hoff and Gibbs equations the thermodynamic functions free energy, enthalpy, and entropy of solution, mixing and solvation of acetaminophen in ethanol + water cosolvent mixtures, were evaluated from solubility data determined at several temperatures. The solubility was greater at 90% m/m of ethanol at all temperatures studied. This result shows clearly the cosolvent effect present in this system. The solvation of this drug in the mixtures increases as the ethanol proportion is also increased. By means of enthalpy-entropy compensation analysis, a more complex behavior for solution was found with respect to that exposed previously in literature. From 0% up to 10% m/m of ethanol and from 90% up to 100% of ethanol, entropy driving was found, while from 20% up to 60% of ethanol, enthalpy driving was found. These facts would be explained in terms of a losing of water-structure in addition to a diminishing in the energy required for cavity formation in the solvent for mixtures from 20% up to 60% of ethanol. Nevertheless in the ethanol-rich mixtures the intermolecular mechanisms involved in the solution process should be more complex including other physicochemical considerations.
INFORMACIÓN CARIOLÓGICA DEL GÉNERO CALLICEBUS EN COLOMBIA
Authors: Bueno M.L. , Ramírez-Orjuela C. , Leibovici M. , Torres O.M.
Published: November 2023

Se describen los cariotipos bandeados (bandas Q, R, C y G) de cuatro ejemplares del género Callicebus, de procedencia desconocida, cautivos en zoológicos colombianos. Dos de ellos determinados como C. cupreus ornatus, subespecie endémica colombiana, presentaron un cariotipo diferente a los descritos hasta la fecha para dicho género, con 44 cromosomas (2n = 44: 16Bi, 26 A). Los cariotipos de los otros ejemplares, un macho de C. cupreus cf. discolor (2n= 46: 16Bi, 28A) y una hembra de C. torquatus (2n=20: 8Bi, 10A) son similares a los descritos previamente. Una fusión (o fisión) telomérica que involucra a los cromosomas 1 y 20 de C. c. cf. discolor y el cromosoma 1 de C. c. ornatus podrían ser responsables de la variación en el número diploide de estas dos subespecies. La complejidad de la reorganización cromosómica mencionada sugiere el inicio del aislamiento reproductivo entre estos dos taxones.
APROXIMACIÓN AL CONOCIMIENTO DE LOS ANFIBIOS EN UNA LOCALIDAD DEL MAGDALENA MEDIO (DEPARTAMENTO DE CALDAS, COLOMBIA)
Authors: Acosta-Galvis Andrés R. , Huertas-Salgado Carolina , Rada Marco
Published: November 2023

Como resultado de los trabajos de campo desarrollados entre septiembre de 2003 y diciembre de 2004, orientados a evaluar la composición de los ensamblajes de anfibios en la Reserva Natural Privada Riomanso, en el departamento de Caldas, se registran 30 especies de anfibios distribuidas en tres órdenes, constituyéndose en una de las localidades con mayor diversidad en el valle medio del río Magdalena. Se resalta la existencia de nueve especies con distribuciones restringidas para esta área, e igualmente, a partir de la diversidad de anfibios registrados para esta región, se deduce que el distrito “biogeográfico” de Nechí es un mosaico de faunas que se articulan de acuerdo al tipo de vegetación, humedad y altitud.
Prevenção de quedas e casa segura: a repercussão de um grupo de educação em saúde com idosos
Authors: Medeiros Mirlley de Jesus , Poltronieri Bruno Costa , Assis Marcia Regina de
Published: November 2023

Resumo: Introdução: No envelhecimento ocorrem alterações fisiológicas que podem favorecer a ocorrência de quedas entre as pessoas idosas. Prevenir quedas é importante para a saúde da pessoa idosa, pois estas podem causar diversas complicações. Estratégias preventivas, como grupo de educação em saúde, podem ser úteis para evitar agravos à saúde. Objetivo: Compreender a repercussão de um grupo de prevenção de quedas e casa segura no cotidiano de pessoas idosas por meio de suas percepções, e a compreensão delas acerca das atividades de educação em saúde desenvolvidas junto com as participantes. Método: O grupo de prevenção de quedas ocorreu semanalmente durante três meses com a participação de 10 pessoas idosas, que responderam um questionário sociodemográfico e foram avaliadas por meio de testes padronizados. No final, realizou-se um grupo focal e as narrativas das participantes foram categorizadas por meio de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: As falas foram constituídas em duas categorias significantes para as pessoas idosas: A importância da educação em saúde e convivência como dispositivo para um grupo de educação em saúde. O grupo se mostrou potente para educação em saúde. Conclusão: O grupo foi uma estratégia importante para a prevenção de quedas e para interação dos participantes. Espera-se que os resultados possam estimular a produção de mais ações preventivas para saúde da pessoa idosa.
Development of quantification methods of a new selective carbonic anhydrase II inhibitor in plasma and blood and study of the pharmacokinetics of its ophthalmic suspension in rats
Authors: Khokhlov Alexander L. , Yaichkov Ilya I. , Korsakov Mikhail  K. , Shetnev Anton A. , Volkhin Nikita N. , Petukhov Sergey S.
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Development of new bioanalytical methods is required for studying the systemic exposure of new selective inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase II, 4-(2-methyl-1,3-oxazole-5-yl)-benzenesulfonamide, and its N-hydroxymetabolite in plasma and in whole blood. The results of the experiment with a single administration of an ophthalmic suspension of the drug are necessary to optimize the subsequent design of a full pharmacokinetic study.
Materials and Methods: HPLC-MS/MS method was used to measure a concentration of analytes in plasma and whole blood. Chromatographic separation was performed on the Poroshell 120EC-C18 column (50*3.0 mm, 2.7 µm). Pharmacokinetics was studied on 6 Wistar rats weighing 287.50±18.64 g (Mean±SD). Each animal was instilled with 40 µL of the ophthalmic suspension in concentration of 2% in each eye. Blood samples were collected before administration of the drug and 30 min, 1 h, 1 h 30 min, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after administration. Non-compartment approach was used for the evaluation of pharmacokinetic parameters.
Results and Discussion: The protein precipitation was chosen for a sample preparation of biological fluids. A solution of ascorbic acid in concentration of 10% was added to plasma, and a solution of sodium thiosulfate in concentration of 10% was added to blood to prevent the degradation of N-hydroxymetabolite of the drug. The analytical range of determination of 4-(2-methyl-1,3-oxazole-5-yl)-benzenesulfonamide and its N-hydroxyderivative in blood was 50-10000 ng/mL and 5-1000 ng/mL, respectively, in plasma – 10-2000 ng/mL and 1-200 ng/mL, respectively. The maximum plasma concentration of the studied drug was 264.32±68.47 ng/mL (Mean±SD) 1.92±0.92 h (Mean±SD) after administration, and its metabolite was 10.43±1.79 ng/mL 2.17±1.13 h after administration. The maximum concentration of the drug in blood reached 8705.23±1301.84 ng/mL (Mean±SD) 1.17±0.52 h (Mean±SD) after administration, and the maximum concentration of N-hydroxymetabolite reached 230.00±69.54 ng/mL (Mean±SD) 1.33±0.41 h (Mean± SD) after administration.
Conclusion: The developed methods have been fully validated according to the requirements of Russian and internatonal guidelines and have been successfully used for pharmacokinetic research. It was found that a content of 4-(2-methyl-1,3-oxazole-5-yl)-benzenesulfonamide and its main metabolite in whole blood is significantly higher than in plasma.
Eliminating Challenges and Promoting Autonomy: The Power of the English Club for High School Students
Authors: Mustofa Anggi Yusuf , Indah Rohmani Nur
Published: November 2023

Abstract: The English club is one of the available platforms to learn English that has a lot of potential sides for EFL students. This study aimed to examine the role of the English club for EFL students related to how this program could help the students cope with their challenges and promote autonomy in learning English. This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach to examine and comprehend the level of challenges and participants' standpoints toward the English club. The results revealed participants' positive perception toward the English club alleviates students' challenges while learning English. This program provides a relaxed learning model outside the formal class, which boosts their confidence, engagement, and language ability. When joining an English club, students engage in several activities which promote them to be critical thinkers and autonomous learners in their language acquisition process. As an implication, the English club provides a lot of potential to benefit students in overcoming their challenges in learning English through its activities. The supportive and collaborative environment provided by the English club fostered a sense of less stress and encouraged students to take charge of their language learning process.
The Effect of Nearpod Toward Tenth-Grade Students’ Reading Skill in A Public Senior High School in North Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Wanda Dian Paramesti Fortuna Dewi  , Made Hery Santosa  , Kadek Sintya Dewi
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

 

This research aims to find out the effect of ICT tool, Nearpod, on students' reading skill. The researcher employed a mixed-method approach by combining a post-test-only design and an interview guide. An independent-sample t-test is carried out to examine quantitative data, whereas interactive model analysis is used to analyze qualitative data. The research population including tenth-grade students at SMA Negeri 1 Banjar. 29 students from X8 class are set as experimental group and 31 students from X1 as control group. The research findings revealed that the implementation of Nearpod significantly affects students’ reading skill at SMA Negeri 1 Banjar. The result show mean score of experimental group (M=80.76) is higher compared to control group (M=70.77). The interview results revealed that Nearpod positively impacted the reading-learning process. Students can access the material anytime and from any location via Nearpod. Additionally, it improves learning effectiveness, efficiency, and interest. Further study is encouraged to investigate the effect of Nearpod on other English skills, disciplines, or levels.

 

Keywords: Reading Skill, Nearpod, English Language, MALL, ICT Tools in ELT

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ABSTRAK

 

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perangkat TIK, Nearpod, terhadap keterampilam membaca siswa. Peneliti menggunakan pendekatan campuran dengan mengabungkan desain post-test only dan wawancara. Independent-sample t-test digunakan untuk menguji data kualitatif, sementara model analisis interaktif digunakan untuk menganalisis data kualitatif. Populasi penelitian meliputi siswa kelas 10 di SMA Negeri 1 Banjar. 29 siswa yang berasal dari kelas X8 ditetapkan sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan 31 siswa dari kelas X1 ditetapkan sebagi kelompok kontrol. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa pengimplementasian dari aplikasi Nearpod secara signifikan telah mempengaruhi keterampilan membaca siswa di SMA Negeri 1 Banjar. Hasil menunjukan rata-rata dari grup eksperimental (M=80.76) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan rata-rata grup kontrol (M=70.76). Hasil interview menunjukan bahwa Nearpod secara positif telah mempengaruhi proses pembelajaran membaca suswa. Siswa dapat dengan mudah mengakses materi kapanpun dan dimanapun dengan Nearpod. Nearpod juga meningkatkan efektivitas, efesiensi, dan ketertarikan dalam belajar. Penelitian lebih lanjut dianjurkan untuk meneliti pengaruh Nearpod pada keterampilan Bahasa Inggris, disiplin ilmu, atau pada level yang berbeda.

 

Kata Kunci: Keterampilan Membaca, Nearpod, Bahasa Inggris, MALL, Perangkat TIK dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris
The Role of Forgiveness and Self-Esteem in the Explanation of Well-Being
Authors: CAMADAN Fatih , KAYA Özgür Salih , YAZICI Hikmet
Published: November 2023

The tendency to focus on people's physical and emotional well-being is now an important area of study in psychology. Well-being is one of the most important concepts in this field and stands out as a factor that makes an individual's life more satisfying and meaningful. In addition to well-being, forgiveness, and high self-esteem are associated with positive situations and experiences. Thus, it would be reasonable to investigate the relationship between these variables. The main aim of this study is to examine how forgiveness and self-esteem explain well-being. To this aim, a model was created, hypotheses were developed, and data were analyzed using multiple regression. The study was conducted with 505 (female=317, male=188) university students. The results of the study show that self-forgiveness significantly and positively explains self-esteem. In addition, self-forgiveness and self-esteem significantly and positively explain well-being. Self-forgiveness also significantly explains well-being through self-esteem. According to the other results, forgiving others explains well-being positively, and significantly, but not significantly by self-esteem. Future studies can test the hypotheses developed by including various psychological (narcissism, depression, empathy, perceived social support) and demographic (age, economic status, marital status) variables in the model.
Le lait comme facteur de sécurisation des chameliers en zone périurbaine de N'Djamena au Tchad
Authors: Mahamat Ahmat Mahamat Amine , Moulin Charles-Henri , Koussou Mian-Oudanang , Duteurtre Guillaume
Published: November 2023

Les conditions climatiques, accentuées par l’instabilité politique des années 70-80, ont bouleversé les trajectoires de ménages pastoraux. Ces derniers ont quitté leur zone d’attache au Batha pour venir s’installer en zone périurbaine de N’Djamena. Au cours de cette migration, ils ont profondément transformé leurs systèmes d’élevage. L’objectif de cette étude est de montrer comment l’élevage du dromadaire a été un levier de ces transformations et a permis la résilience de ces ménages pastoraux. Ce travail a consisté en une enquête menée en 2018 auprès de 173 ménages de pasteurs camelins, répartis dans 27 campements autour de N’Djamena, soit 10 % des ménages de ces campements. Ces ménages sont spécialisés dans l’élevage camelin laitier, et leur mobilité est organisée autour de trois zones agro-écologiques. Pendant la saison sèche, les troupeaux sont divisés en deux. Les femelles en lactation sont gardées autour de N’Djamena pour la vente du lait et le reste du troupeau est envoyé vers le sud en zone pastorale avec un jeune adulte. En revanche, pendant la saison pluvieuse, l’ensemble du troupeau remonte au nord avec l’ensemble du ménage. La vente du lait de chamelle qui était autrefois considérée comme un tabou social représente aujourd’hui un moyen de sécurisation de ces ménages pastoraux, avec quatre modalités de mise en marché. Il s’agit de la vente à des collecteurs (43 %), la vente au bord de la route (35 %), la vente en ville avec collecte (12 %) et la vente en ville sans collecte (9 %). L’autoconsommation de lait reste importante (3,5 litres par ménage et par jour). Le lait est aussi une source majeure de revenu monétaire, avec plus de 45 % des ménages qui dégagent une marge brute lait (MBL) par actif supérieure ou égale au salaire minimum interprofessionnel garanti (SMIG) qui est de l’ordre de 2 000 FCFA par jour.
Berufsgewerkschaften und Lohnpolitik : Hohe Gehaltszuwächse, Gerechtigkeitsurteile und Folgewirkungen
Authors: Dütsch Matthias , Gückelhorn Cathrin , Stephan Gesine , Struck Olaf
Published: November 2023

Berufsgewerkschaften haben in Deutschland in den letzten Jahren in zunehmendem Maße tarifpolitisch eigenständig agiert. Aufgrund ihrer homogenen Struktur und ihrer Durchsetzungsstärke konnten sie so für bestimmte Berufsgruppen hohe Gehaltszuwächse aushandeln. Vor allem Arbeitgeberverbände und Branchengewerkschaften warnten vor gesellschaftlichen Problemen und negativen Folgewirkungen. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht im Kontext der organisationalen Gerechtigkeitsforschung empirisch, ob und unter welchen Umständen besonders hohe Gehaltssteigerungen für spezifische Berufsgruppen von den Beschäftigten dieser Branchen als ungerecht beurteilt werden und inwiefern sie negative Folgewirkungen nach sich ziehen. Analysen auf Basis einer eigenen Befragung zeigen, dass etwa 41% aller Befragten die Gehaltszuwächse als ungerecht erachten. Etwa ein Viertel der Nicht-Gewerkschaftsmitglieder gibt an, dass sich die Arbeitsmotivation verringert und die innerbetrieblichen sozialen Beziehungen verschlechtert haben. Auch wenn die Gerechtigkeitsurteile sowie die Folgewirkungen durch verschiedene Aspekte der Verteilungs- und Verfahrensgerechtigkeit beeinflusst werden können, lassen sich insgesamt Tendenzen einer Entsolidarisierung zwischen den Beschäftigtengruppen erkennen.
CRYSTALLOMORPHOLOGY OF DIAMONDS IN KIMBERLITESL
Authors:   Diamond and Precious Metal Geology Institute, SB RAS, Yakutsk, Russia, Shkodzinsky V. S.
Published: November 2023

The obtained evidences indicates that kimberlites were formed from high-pressure (8 GPa) residual liquors of the fractionated peridotitic layer of magmatic ocean. Diamonds originated as a result of an increase in the concentration of carbon due to a decrease in the amount of residual liquor during the crystallization of magmas. Due to the still high temperature of the upper parts of the early magmatic ocean, the cooling and crystallization of its bottom layer at first occurred very slowly and for a long time. This caused the formation of giant diamonds and explains their predominantly octahedral cut.
URANIUM AND THORIUM IN THE WATER-ROCK SYSTEM (ON THE EXAMPLE OF OIL-AND-GAS BEARING DEPOSITS IN NORTHERN REGIONS OF WEST SIBERIA)
Authors:   A.A.Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia, Novikov D. A. ,   Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia, Vakulenko L. D. ,   A.A.Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia,   Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia, Yan P. A. ,   A.A.Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia,   Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia, Khvashchevskaya A. A. ,   Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
Published: November 2023

The paper presents the first data on the distribution of uranium and thorium in the underground waters of Mesozoic sediments of northern regions of the West Siberian oil and gas basin. The studied waters are very diverse in chemical composition and the amount of total mineralization (from ultrafresh to weak brines). The contents of natural radionuclides vary in a wide range (mg/cu dm): U (4,90•10–7–5,14•10–3), Th (1,90•10–6–8,93•10–3). The Th/U ratio varies from 0.07 to 93.1 and its maximum values characterize the waters of the Valanginian aquifers. The Th/U ratio in water – resistant rocks is in a rather narrow range, it amounts to 1.82–5.24, with an average of 3.56. Against this background, rocks of the Bazhenov Formation are distinguished by the lowest values of Th/ U = 0.07–1.71, its nature of radioactivity is associated with uranium. The formation of the radionuclide composition of underground waters of oil-and-gas-bearing deposits with high Th/U ratios took place in a sharply reducing medium, where thorium has a greater migration capacity than uranium. The evolution of the sedimentary rock basin has led to the widespread development of erosion processes and the redistribution of U and Th in the water-rock system.
EXPERIENCE OF APPLICATION OF STATISTICAL METHODS TO ASSESS THE TAXONOMICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL DIVERSITY OF THE EARLY CRETACEOUS BELEMNITES IN NORTHERN SIBERIA
Authors:   A.A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia, Efremenko V. D.
Published: November 2023

The paper considers the application of statistical methods for assessing variations in the taxonomic diversity of belemnites using the example of the Early Cretaceous representatives of the family Cylindroteuthididae from northern Siberia. Global and regional factors influencing the biodiversity dynamics were taken into account. A composite curve of the biodiversity of Ryazanian–Valanginian belemnites in northern Siberia was constructed using the methods of rarefaction and extrapolation of data. Using graphic techniques, the influence of habitat conditions on the predominant morphology of belemnite rostra is shown. Based on indices of similarity and difference, an assessment of the pattern of changes in taxonomic diversity over time was made.
Proximally based sural artery flap for the reconstruction of soft tissue defects around the knee and proximal third of the leg in India: a clinical study
Authors: Lakshmi Palukuri , Srinivas Sreedharala , Madhulika Dharmapuri , Pawde Sanujit , Sebastian Ajo , Sankar Swathi , Chintha Sandeep Reddy
Published: November 2023

Purpose: The reconstruction of defects around the knee and the proximal third of the leg necessitates thin, pliable skin with a stable and sensate soft tissue cover. This study analyzed the use of a proximally based sural artery flap for the coverage of such defects. Methods: This prospective clinical interventional study involved 10 patients who had soft tissue defects over the knee and the proximal third of the leg. These patients underwent reconstruction with a proximally based sural artery flap. The study analyzed various factors including age, sex, etiology, location and presentation of the defect, defect dimensions, flap particulars, postoperative complications, and follow-up.Results: There were 10 cases, all of which involved men aged 20 to 65 years. The most common cause of injury was trauma resulting from road traffic accidents. The majority of defects were found in the proximal third of the leg, particularly on the anterolateral aspect. Defect dimensions varied from 6×3 to 15×13 cm2, and extensive defects as large as 16×14 cm could be covered using this flap. The size of the flaps ranged from 7×4 to 16×14 cm2, and the pedicle length was 10 to 15 cm. In all cases, donor site closure was achieved with split skin grafting. This flap consistently provided a thin, pliable, stable, and durable soft tissue cover over the defect with no functional deficit and minimal donor site morbidity. Complications, including distal flap necrosis and donor site graft loss, were observed in two cases.Conclusions: The proximally based sural fasciocutaneous flap serves as the primary method for reconstructing medium to large soft tissue defects around the knee and the proximal third of the leg. This technique offers thin, reliable, sensate, and stable soft tissue coverage, and can cover larger defects with minimal complications.