bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ADARs employ a neural-specific mechanism to regulate PQM-1 expression and survival from hypoxia
Authors: Mahapatra Ananya , Dhakal Alfa , Noguchi Aika , Vadlamani Pranathi , Hundley Heather A.
Published: May 2023

The ability to alter gene expression programs in response to changes in environmental conditions is central to the ability of an organism to thrive. For most organisms, the nervous system serves as the master regulator in communicating information about the animal’s surroundings to other tissues. The information relay centers on signaling pathways that cue transcription factors in a given cell type to execute a specific gene expression program, but also provide a means to signal between tissues. The transcription factor PQM-1 is an important mediator of the insulin signaling pathway contributing to longevity and the stress response as well as impacting survival from hypoxia. Herein, we reveal a novel mechanism for regulating PQM-1 expression specifically in neural cells of larval animals. Our studies reveal that the RNA binding protein, ADR-1, binds topqm-1mRNA in neural cells. This binding is regulated by the presence of a second RNA binding protein, ADR-2, which when absent leads to reduced expression of bothpqm-1and downstream PQM-1 activated genes. Interestingly, we find that neuralpqm-1expression is sufficient to impact gene expression throughout the animal and affect survival from hypoxia; phenotypes that we also observe inadrmutant animals. Together, these studies reveal an important post-transcriptional gene regulatory mechanism that allows the nervous system to sense and respond to environmental conditions to promote organismal survival from hypoxia.
Management education in technology-mediated ODL platform – implications for educators in context of shifting learning path and digital divide
Authors: Choudhury Smritishikha , Senapati Chayanika , Sarma Nripendra Narayan
Published: May 2023

Purpose

In the last few decades, the growth in management institutions in India has become significant. The Open and Distance Learning (ODL) institutions also have started offering management programmes at various levels. In the ODL scenario, the learning path has been shifting from the traditional Self-Learning Material (SLM) -based model to technology-mediated platform. The digital divide in India is also a widely discussed area. In this context, a need has been felt to understand the implications for educators, more specifically, for the programmes offered through technology-enabled ODL mode.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses triangulation method covering literature review, personal interview and survey. Primary data have been collected through structured questionnaire in the Google Form administered on the learners of UG and PG progammes of management in Krishna Kanta Handiqui State Open University (KKHSOU), India. The sample size is 101, and the sampling frame is within Assam, a province of India. Select interviews (15 nos.) were also conducted with a cross section of learners to capture the emerging shift in the learning path and the limiting factors of digital divide.

Findings

Learners possess multiple digital devices for e-learning (41.8% uses laptop and 88.8% uses android phone). Interaction in WhatsApp and Telegram groups are mostly related with evaluation and course administration, rather than content and academic discussion. eSLMs are widely used. Though promoted, video lectures are not widely used. Some of the problems faced by the learners are low bandwidth, high cost of data subscription etc. Learners are not constrained by digital device, and they are engaged in positive communication with stake holders in digital platform.

Originality/value

This study will help in understanding the technology-enabled learning for management education in ODL mode in India. As a wide majority of the learners (88%) are dependent on small screen; print SLM and eSLM on a larger screen can provide augmented learning in case of complex topics like analysis of financial statements, project scheduling etc. Though the COVID-19 pandemic forced a shift in learning path, the transition is not full. The digitally constrained learners still look for solutions to complex learning problems mainly through print SLM and counselling. The talent of the students cannot be facilitated in WhatsApp and Telegram e-mentoring groups, like the way it could be done in learning management system (LMS)-mediated platforms.
Community-based compassion-focussed therapy for adults with an intellectual disability: a literature review
Authors: Roberts Bethany
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This literature review aims to ascertain the outcomes and perspectives of community-based compassion-focused therapy (CFT) for adults with intellectual disabilities.

Design/methodology/approach

A comprehensive search of five databases was conducted systematically, with one additional study identified manually, yielding eight relevant studies. Methodological quality was appraised using two tools to account for heterogeneity in study designs.

Findings

Two studies conducted a CFT-derived task while six studies conducted full CFT interventions, of which two delivered group interventions. Qualitative findings were favourable towards CFT, though some quantitative outcomes were inconsistent across the literature and with qualitative results. It is concluded that CFT is perceived as valuable and appears to produce positive outcomes for adults with intellectual disabilities. However, larger, randomised control trials are required to establish CFT as an efficacious, evidence-based intervention.

Originality/value

This review provides insight into the outcomes and perspectives of CFT for individuals with an intellectual disability which has not been explicitly explored prior. Therefore, a holistic and specific examination of community-based CFT for individuals with intellectual disabilities is introduced to the literature.
Plugging the leak: leveraging the protean career concept in organizations
Authors: Acharya Ira , Jain Neera
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The steady dropout of senior women from the corporate ladder motivated us to gain insights into their opting out decisions. This exploratory study revealed internal aspiration as a contributory factor of opting out beyond the well-established push and pull factors.

Design/methodology/approach

Nineteen senior women executives who had opted out of successful careers due to their internal aspirations were interviewed and grounded theory was leveraged to derive the emergent themes.

Findings

The spirit of autonomy and strong personal value emerged as a common thread amongst the women and the basis for their opting out decision. These factors led these senior women to embark upon newer pastures, which included entrepreneurship, dedication to a cause, a passion or academics. The findings were mapped with the protean career concept.

Practical implications

Recommendations would help organizations reimagine and strengthen the existing interventions for the retention of women at the senior levels while simultaneously empowering the women to align their career with their aspirations.

Originality/value

The study uniquely identifies the protean career concept as the force behind the journey undertaken by these women executives. This is in contrast with the push and pull factors that have been vastly studied as reasons for the opting out decisions.
Principles-based standards and accountants’ financial reporting judgments: does work experience matter?
Authors: Cianci Anna M. , Tsakumis George T.
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine accountants’ application of principles-based accounting standards to a lawsuit contingency recognition scenario and the potential role that accounting work experience plays in mitigating accountants’ aggressive financial reporting.

Design/methodology/approach

This study presents a 2 × 2 between-subjects experiment with accounting experience (measured as high vs low) and contingency type (asset vs liability) as independent variables and accountants’ lawsuit contingency conservatism likelihood judgments and US$ recognition recommendations as the dependent variables.

Findings

Consistent with expectations, findings indicate that more experienced accountants are more likely to recognize liabilities and items that decrease income and less likely to recognize assets and items that increase income than their less experienced counterparts. Accountants also recommended recognizing lower (higher) mean US$ amounts for assets (liabilities), as expected. Supplemental analyses show a significant moderated-mediated effect whereby the interactive effect of contingency type and accounting experience on individuals’ US$ recognition recommendations is partially mediated through the nature of the conservatism judgment.

Practical implications

The finding that less experienced accountants report more aggressively than more experienced accountants when applying a principles-based standard supports the call for using judgment frameworks in imprecise standard settings and suggests that firms may want to ensure that accountants with adequate work experience are on hand as U.S. generally accepted accounting principles become more principles-based over time.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to examine the impact of accounting work experience on the application of principles-based accounting standards and the mitigation of aggressive financial reporting. Our supplemental analyses also identify the nature of the conservatism judgment as a mediating mechanism which partially explains more experienced accountants’ US$ asset and liability recognition recommendations.
Coalescence of CSR and happiness for corporate sustainability: a systematic review of literature
Authors: Kıymalıoğlu Aslıhan , Yetkin Özbük Raife Meltem
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The study aims to understand how corporate social responsibility (CSR) and happiness are used together in various research studies to serve the ultimate goal of corporate sustainability (CS), which in turn contributes to sustainable development.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic literature review (SLR) was made using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) method in the two most-reputable databases of Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus, revealing a final list of 54 studies to analyse.

Findings

The review concludes that the literature on CSR and happiness provides three main findings: first, concerning the pillars of sustainability, most of the studies concentrate on people, neglecting the planet and profit, second, employees are subject to the highest number of studies as the target of CSR initiative and third, almost all studies employed the hedonic aspect of happiness in CSR literature.

Research limitations/implications

This particular research finding points to the need for developing a comprehensive framework to assess stakeholder happiness from both hedonic and eudaimonic aspects from a CSR perspective which is then represented under the three pillars of sustainability.

Practical implications

To contribute to the ultimate goal of CS, management would design CSR initiatives for all stakeholders to increase both hedonic and eudaimonic happiness of them.

Originality/value

The literature provides reviews of research in CSR and happiness separately; however, there is not any research revealing how these two concepts are used together in studies and how this association could be read to serve the goal of CS.
Female directors, the institutional environment and dividend policy: evidence from ASEAN-5 commercial banks
Authors: Syahfitri Athiyyah Riri , Risfandy Tastaftiyan
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the impact of female directors on the dividend policies of 96 ASEAN-5 listed commercial banks between 2015 and 2020.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper developed an econometric model to assess the impact of female directors on the banks’ dividend policies. This paper regressed the payout variable on the female director, legal (institutional environment) variables and several control variables. This paper also considered the interaction between the female and legal variables to assess the moderating impact of the institutional environment.

Findings

This paper found that female directors positively affected dividend policy and that banks with female directors tended to pay dividends to balance stakeholders’ interests, especially for the minority. This paper also found that the influence of female directors was weaker in countries with strong institutional environments because greater legal protection for shareholders reinforced or replaced corporate governance mechanisms.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to investigate gender diversity and its impact on dividend policy using data from ASEAN-5 countries.
Linking personal interaction, co-worker support and communities of practice with goal priority: a moderated-mediation model
Authors: Dutta Anjali , Rangnekar Santosh , Ghosh Piyali
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This study aims to investigate how an individual’s perception of team goal priority can be affected by personal interaction, with co-worker support mediating the influence and communities of practice moderating the indirect effect of co-worker support.

Design/methodology/approach

Responses from 235 respondents working in private and public manufacturing and service enterprises in India collected through a structured questionnaire were statistically analysed using confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modelling and PROCESS Macro with random bootstrap resample.

Findings

Findings showed a positive relationship between personal interaction and the perception of individuals about team goal priority that was partially mediated by co-worker support. Communities of practice moderated the influence of personal interaction on co-worker support and the conditional indirect effect of personal interaction on the perception of team goal priority.

Practical implications

The results highlight the need for greater employee collaboration towards prioritizing team goals, thus showing a psychologically collectivist attitude. Policies and procedures to create and sustain organization-level communities of practice with employees across departments and hierarchies can also be helpful. Emphasizing the social exchange perspective, the authors recommend improving the overall work climate of any organization.

Originality/value

This paper explains the motivating source of personal interactions and co-worker support for prioritizing team goals in an organization. Establishing the moderating role of communities of practice, the authors have confirmed the role of a social learning system in prioritizing team goals.
Responding to crises collectively and cooperatively: The mechanism of ‘informative cooperation’ by the Chinese government and the public in Weibo‐based crisis communication between 2010 and 2019
Authors: Chen Lixiong , Xu Nairui
Published: May 2023

How can the government and the public connect during a crisis? While tough in the age of traditional media, this has become more practical in the age of social media. Weibo has been integrated into crisis communication as the main social media platform in China since 2010. After a decade, the Chinese government and the public have changed their ways of engaging in Weibo‐based crisis communication. Employing mixed methods to analyse 5358 Weibo posts and 41 interviews, we found the government to have become an approachable participant in crisis communication rather than projecting a rigid, aloof image; members of the public have also become more skilled, experienced participants. Our findings indicate an innovative mechanism of ‘informative cooperation’ constructed by the government and the public, underlying a collaborative relationship between them. We suggest that such a relationship should be maintained to promote better cooperation between the government and the public in future social‐media‐based crisis communication.
Buruli ulcer – A neglected tropical disease in the Barwon region of Victoria, Australia: An emerging public health threat with local and national ramifications
Authors: Bartley Bruce , O'Brien Daniel
Published: May 2023

Mycobacterium ulcerans (MU) is known to be endemic in heavily touristed coastal regions of Victoria and is the cause of Buruli ulcer (BU) disease. The incidence, severity and geographic spread of MU infection/BU disease is increasing, including metropolitan Victorian suburbs. While the specifics of disease transmission and effective prevention strategies remain uncertain, severe complications can be mitigated by health systems that provide vigilant population surveillance to underpin early recognition, early specialist involvement and definitive treatment for the individual. Current theories regarding disease transmission and ‘best practice’ (or best guess) prevention and mitigation measures are presented herein. Opportunities to improve the health system response to this emerging public health threat are identified. It is incumbent upon all healthcare providers, including ED clinicians, to contribute by familiarising themselves with the established and emerging areas of endemicity of MU infection and the array of BU clinical presentations.
Intraoperative ventilatory leak: Real‐time guidance for management of air leak in lung cancer patients undergoing VATS lobectomy
Authors: Messina Gaetana , Natale Giovanni , Bove Mary , Opromolla Giorgia , Di Filippo Vincenzo , Martone Mario , Noro Antonio , Leonardi Beatrice , Mirra Rosa , Capasso Francesca , Pica Davide Gerardo , Grande Mario , Panini D'alba Francesco , Vicario Giuseppe , Liguori Giovanni , Fiorito Roberta , Ciaravola Massimo , Massimilla Eva , Messina Giovanni , Fiorelli Alfonso , Vicidomini Giovanni , Ciardiello Fortunato , Fasano Morena
Published: May 2023

Background

Persistent air leak (PAL) is a common complication after video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy. We aimed to evaluate whether the intraoperative quantitative measurement of air leaks using a mechanical ventilation test could predict PAL and identify those patients needing additional treatment for the prevention of PAL.

Methods

This was an observational, retrospective, single‐center study that included 82 patients who underwent VATS lobectomy with a mechanical ventilation test for VL. Only 2% of patients who underwent lobectomy surgery had persistent air leaks.

Results

At the end of lobectomy performed in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer, the lung was reinflated at a 25–30 mmH2O pressure and ventilatory leaks (VL) were calculated and in relation to the entity of the air leaks, we evaluated the most suitable intraoperative treatment to prevent persistent air leaks.

Conclusion

VL is an independent predictor of PAL after VATS lobectomy; it provides a real‐time intraoperative guidance to identify those patients who can benefit from additional intraoperative preventive interventions to reduce PAL.
Goode Food Trucks Inc.*
Authors: Taylor Samantha , McGregor Janine
Published: May 2023

This fictional case centers around a young Dutch couple who emigrated to Canmore, Alberta. Upon arriving, Saul and Rens opened two successful food trucks and are now looking to promote each truck's main chef to truck manager. They plan to offer a performance bonus based on the net income of each truck and have requested a local accounting student to advise them on the new bonus structure. Goode Food Trucks Inc. presents an opportunity for students to demonstrate technical competence in managerial accounting (rate methods, period cost allocation, and data visualization); strategy and governance (employee performance incentives); and financial reporting (reporting needs) while incorporating enabling competencies (communicating and adding value). The case and teaching notes were adapted from principles used to train and evaluate Chartered Professional Accountant (CPA) candidates and tailored to an appropriate level for undergraduate learners. MBA instructors may also use this case to apply multiple concepts in a defined context, thus enhancing a course's “real‐life” applicability.
Fungal, host andnon‐hostvolatiles modify attraction of the walnut twig beetle,Pityophthorus juglandis, to pheromone lures
Authors: Ethington Matthew W. , Ginzel Matthew D.
Published: May 2023

Thousand Cankers Disease (TCD) of walnut trees is caused by the pathogenic fungusGeosmithia morbidavectored by the walnut twig beetle (WTB)Pityophthorus juglandis. Monitoring efforts for WTB rely on pheromone‐baited traps, but lures are likely effective at attracting beetles only over short distances. Fungal‐derived kairomones may increase the efficacy of current lures, while additional volatiles may repel beetles from valuable trees.

The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which fungal, host and non‐host volatiles modify the attraction of WTB to pheromone‐baited traps. A trapping study that combined fungal, host‐associated and non‐host compounds with WTB‐pheromone lures was conducted over three years in black walnut plantations experiencing a TCD outbreak in Walla Walla, WA.

Traps baited with pheromone andG. morbidavolatiles (i.e., isoamyl and isobutyl alcohol) consistently attracted more WTB, while other fungal volatiles inconsistently increased attraction compared to those baited with pheromone lure alone. This is the first field study that demonstrates fungal volatiles can increase the attraction of a bark beetle to its pheromone in a hardwood system.

One fungal (benzyl alcohol) and two additional volatiles (limonene, piperitone) repelled WTB from pheromone‐baited traps. Although limonene is known to repel WTB, this is the first demonstration that benzyl alcohol and piperitone repel a bark beetle.

Fungal volatiles may increase the efficacy of monitoring efforts and may play an important role in management tactics for WTB, especially in detecting the introduction and establishment of nascent populations and protecting trees from colonizing beetles.
Validation of a tool for determining the clinical utility of stillbirth investigations
Authors: Marsden Tania , Khong T. Yee , Dahlstrom Jane E. , Ellwood David , Moghimi Ali , Prystupa Stacey , O'brien Cecilia , Cassam Fathima , Martin Skye , Coory Michael , Boyle Frances M. , Flenady Vicki
Published: May 2023

Background

Up to 20% of all stillbirths and 45% of term stillbirths are currently classified as unexplained. Many of these stillbirths do not undergo currently recommended investigations. This may leave questions unanswered and not identify stillbirths with a recurrence risk in subsequent pregnancies.

Aims

To validate a new tool (Stillbirth Investigation Utility Tool) to identify the clinical utility of investigations in stillbirth and the inter‐rater agreement on cause of stillbirth using the Perinatal Society of Australia and New Zealand‐Perinatal Death Classification (PSANZ‐PDC).

Materials and methods

Thirty‐four stillbirths were randomly selected for inclusion, each assessed independently by five blinded assessors. The investigations were grouped into three categories: clinical and laboratory; placental pathology; and autopsy examination. The cause of death was assigned at the end of each group. Outcome measures were clinical utility of investigations measured by assessor rated usefulness and inter‐rater agreement on the assigned cause of death.

Results

Comprehensive maternal history, maternal full blood count, maternal blood group and screen and placenta histopathology were useful in all cases. Clinical photographs were not performed and should have been performed in 50% of cases. The inter‐rater agreement on cause of death assigned after all investigation results was 0.93 (95% CI 0.87–1.0).

Conclusions

The new Stillbirth Investigation Utility Tool showed very good agreement in assigning the cause of death using PSANZ‐PDC. Four investigations were useful in all cases. Minor refinements will be made based on feedback to enhance usability for wider implementation in research studies to assess the yield of investigations in stillbirths.
Adrenal and juxta‐adrenal schwannomas: A single‐centre study
Authors: Rolak Stacey , Dogra Prerna , McKenzie Travis , Rivera Michael , Young William F. , Bancos Irina
Published: May 2023

Objective

Adrenal schwannomas and juxta‐adrenal schwannomas are rare tumours. We aimed to summarise their clinical, biochemical and imaging characteristics.

Design

Single‐centre retrospective study of eligible patients between 1995 and 2022.

Patients and Measurements

Patients with a histopathologic diagnosis of adrenal or juxta‐adrenal schwannoma.

Results

Twenty‐four patients were diagnosed with either primary adrenal schwannoma (8, 33%) or juxta‐adrenal schwannoma (16, 67%). Most tumours (21, 88%) were discovered incidentally on imaging. All tumours were unilateral, with 15 (62%) on the left and 9 (38%) on the right. At diagnosis, the median tumour size was 4 cm (range, 2–13 cm). Adrenal schwannomas were smaller when compared to juxta‐adrenal schwannomas (median of 3.1 cm [range, 2–9 cm] vs. 4.6 cm [range, 2.3–13.3 cm], p = .037). On imaging, the tumours were round or oval in shape in 16 (70%), lobulated in 7 (30%), solid in 15 (68%), solid‐cystic in 7 (32%), heterogeneous in 14 (61%) and homogeneous in 9 (39%). The median unenhanced computed tomography attenuation was 30 Hounsfield units (HU) (range, 12–38 HU). Of the 20 patients who underwent complete hormonal testing, all had nonfunctioning tumours. There was no recurrence or new tumour development in our cohort.

Conclusions

Adrenal and juxta‐adrenal schwannomas are nonfunctioning benign tumours that present with indeterminate radiographic features, including large tumour size and increased unenhanced CT attenuation. We did not find an imaging phenotype that was diagnostic of schwannoma. The diagnosis of this rare tumour is based on biopsy or resection.
Cytological findings in a central nervous system demyelinating disease
Authors: Alfaro‐Torres Jorge , Marquina‐Ibanez Isabel , Hakim‐Alonso Sofia , Rosero‐Cuesta David
Published: May 2023

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is an infectious disease caused by JC polyomavirus. A case of a patient with neurological deterioration due to this disease is presented with its intraoperative cytological diagnosis.
Inclusive education at the centre of human development issues in Togo
Authors: GBEBE Komi Mawouli
Published: May 2023

In the concept of inclusive education, the adjective inclusive stands for a universal vision for education for all students. It stands for the mobilisation of various resources in the field of education, for achieving UNESCO's Education For All agenda. Inclusive education aims to combat discrimination and give meaning to difference; that is to say, to the education of students with disabilities and students with special needs. It must be understood and oriented within the framework of the national education strategy. This article presents an analytical study on the system of itinerant teachers initiated in North Togo by the non‐governmental organisation Humanity & Inclusion. A practical and inclusive pedagogy project is described as an example of the implementation of inclusive education practices in Togo. Inclusive education is not an immutable concept and does not have a single method of implementation applicable to all countries and to all situations of need. This article reflects on the impact of inclusive education as a pedagogy, to contribute to a continued development of practices for the academic and social inclusion of children with disabilities. Specifically, different actors and interventions in the establishment of inclusive education practices in Togo are identified. Necessary and adequate means for the continued development of national inclusive education policies in Togo are proposed.
Teacher and parental views on inclusive education policy lending in the Czech Republic
Authors: Štech Stanislav , Smetáčková Irena
Published: May 2023

In international education policy articulations by organisations such as the UNESCO, inclusive education is defined rather vaguely, usually in terms of human rights. Yet, national reception it is more or less taken for granted. Analyses ofpolicy lendingshow that when national education traditions are not respected, the lack of clarity about the concrete form of inclusion is further augmented by resistance to a foreign import. Taking the example of the implementation of inclusive education in the Czech Republic, a secondary analysis of survey results on responses from teachers and parents is presented. This analysis contributes to a better understanding of the reactions of two groups of actors who have had only a marginal involvement in preparing the implementation of inclusion; specifically, teachers at ordinary schools and parents of pupils with special education needs. Teachers are critical of inclusion, which they regard as special care for individual pupils with special education needs. It is only in schools which have lengthy experience with integration that a transformation of the school culture and the teaching profession in the direction of greater teamwork has taken place. The imperative of inclusion coming from above is regarded more as interference with what is a spontaneous development. The view of parents to pupils with special education needs was that systemic support to inclusion was lacking. Parents are forced to be intermediaries between other actors, but often do not have enough information and are not respected by teachers asexpertson their children.
Machine learning‐based approach for fatigue crack growth prediction using acoustic emission technique
Authors: Chai Mengyu , Liu Pan , He Yuhang , Han Zelin , Duan Quan , Song Yan , Zhang Zaoxiao
Published: May 2023

In this study, a general machine learning‐based approach is proposed for fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) prediction using multivariate acoustic emission (AE) online monitoring data. To improve the prediction accuracy, a backpropagation neural network optimized by genetic algorithm (GA‐BPNN) is developed to describe the intricate link between the FCGR and multivariate input data. Several conventional machine learning models and the traditional FCGR prediction method based on the linear relationship between AE energy rate and FCGR are also used to examine the effectiveness of the proposed GA‐BPNN model. The results indicate that the developed GA‐BPNN exhibits higher accuracy and superior adaptability in predicting FCGR from unseen data than other methods. The findings of this study will provide a strategy for developing and optimizing a machine learning solution for FCGR prediction based on AE monitoring data and also aid in determining the most suitable feature for AE monitoring studies.
Task type's effect on attitudes towards voice assistants
Authors: Sung Billy , Im Hyunjoo , Duong Van Chien
Published: May 2023

There is an emerging interest in examining user attitudes towards voice assistants (VAs); however, there is limited research on how user attitudes are formulated in different contexts. Drawing from the stereotype content models, the current study attempts to investigate how users perceive and evaluate voice assistants (VAs) in different contexts (i.e., functional vs. social tasks) based on warmth, competence and trustworthiness. Study 1 (N = 123) employs a within‐subjects design to examine how task type (functional vs. social) affects user perceptions and attitudes towards a VA (i.e., Google Assistant). Study 2 (N = 116) and Study 3 (N = 61) examine the boundary effect of perceived psychological power and ease of use. The findings show that attitude is significantly more positive in functional tasks (vs. social), and this effect is mediated by perceived competence. This indirect effect is also significantly moderated by perceived ease of use. Perceived warmth does not mediate the effect of social tasks on attitude, and trust in VAs is a direct outcome of functional tasks. Taken together, this study contributes to both theory and practice in many ways. Specifically, the findings are the first to demonstrate a direct effect of task type on consumer perceptions and attitudes. Additionally, the findings indicate that user evaluations of VAs are still dominated by user perceptions of the competence of the VAs.
Child temperament is associated with energy intake and its day‐to‐day variability among preschoolers—Results from a cross‐sectional DAGIS study
Authors: Pajulahti Riikka , Ray Carola , Korkalo Liisa , Lehto Reetta , Vepsäläinen Henna , Nissinen Kaija , Roos Eva , Sajaniemi Nina , Salmela‐Aro Katariina , Erkkola Maijaliisa
Published: May 2023

Background

Although research has linked children's temperament with weight outcomes, the associations between temperament and dietary outcomes, particularly energy intake, remain understudied. Furthermore, little is known about how temperament is associated with diet in the early childhood education and care (ECEC) context, which is an important environment for many children.

Objectives

This study examined whether temperament is associated with mean energy intake and its day‐to‐day variability. In addition, the associations were examined separately in the contexts of home and ECEC.

Methods

The study used data from 505 Finnish children from a cross‐sectional DAGIS study conducted in 2015–2016. Parents reported their child's temperament with a questionnaire and food consumption with a food record for two weekdays (outside daycare hours) and one weekend day. Early educators at an ECEC centre reported the child's food consumption during the daycare hours on the same weekdays as the parents kept food records at home. Associations were examined with linear regression models.

Results

Children with higher surgency had a higher mean daily energy intake. When examined separately at home and in the ECEC centre, the association was found only in the ECEC centre. Children with higher negative affectivity had greater day‐to‐day variability in energy intake. This association, however, was not observed when examined separately at home and at the ECEC centre.

Conclusions

The results indicate that temperament may shape children's energy intake. Moreover, the role of the ECEC context in children's eating may be different depending on a child's temperamental dispositions, which warrants further research.
The impact of posttraumatic stress disorder on upper gastrointestinal investigations in Australian Defence Force veterans: a retrospective review
Authors: Crawford Darrell H. G. , Mellor Rebecca , Duenow Patrick , Connelly Luke B.
Published: May 2023

Veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) commonly exhibit associated gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. We compared upper GI endoscopy and abdominal ultrasound rates in veterans with and without PTSD. Veterans with PTSD were 77–81% more likely to undergo these procedures than those without PTSD. PTSD symptomatology influences GI investigation rate and more emphasis on clinician and patient education is recommended regarding stress‐related gut symptoms.
The anti‐inflammatory and antiviral properties of anionic pulmonary surfactant phospholipids
Authors: Numata Mari , Kandasamy Pitchaimani , Voelker Dennis R.
Published: May 2023

The pulmonary surfactant system of the lung is a lipid and protein complex, which regulates the biophysical properties of the alveoli to prevent lung collapse and the innate immune system in the lung. Pulmonary surfactant is a lipoprotein complex consisting of 90% phospholipids and 10% protein, by weight. Two minor components of pulmonary surfactant phospholipids, phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylinositol (PI), exist at very high concentrations in the extracellular alveolar compartments. We have reported that one of the most dominant molecular species of PG, palmitoyl‐oleoyl‐phosphatidylglycerol (POPG) and PI inhibit inflammatory responses induced by multiple toll‐like receptors (TLR2/1, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR2/6) by interacting with subsets of multiprotein receptor components. These lipids also exert potent antiviral effects against RSV and influenza A, in vitro, by inhibiting virus binding to host cells. POPG and PI inhibit these viral infections in vivo, in multiple animal models. Especially noteworthy, these lipids markedly attenuate SARS‐CoV‐2 infection including its variants. These lipids are natural compounds that already exist in the lung and, thus, are less likely to cause adverse immune responses by hosts. Collectively, these data demonstrate that POPG and PI have strong potential as novel therapeutics for applications as anti‐inflammatory compounds and preventatives, as treatments for broad ranges of RNA respiratory viruses.
Incorporation of Bifidobacterium breve in sodium caseinate‐edible film: Physicochemical properties, viability, and antibacterial activity
Authors: Lam Britney , How Yu‐Hsuan , Pui Liew‐Phing
Published: May 2023

The addition of probiotic bacteria creates added value to food products wrapped with edible film. Hence, this study aimed to develop sodium caseinate (NaCas) edible film containing Bifidobacterium breve. The edible film was prepared by using different NaCas concentrations (2%–6% wt/vol), glycerol, and B. breve suspension (1% vol/vol). The edible film without probiotics was used as a control film. The optimized 3% (wt/vol) NaCas‐B. breve edible film had a viable cell count of 7.07 log10 CFU/g, thickness of 0.16 mm, 63.50% water solubility, 14.04% moisture content, the color difference (ΔE) <2.59, 3.31 mPa tensile strength, 35.73% elongation at break, and 0.10 mPa Young's modulus. Furthermore, the NaCas‐B. breve edible film had also shown inhibition against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella enterica. The desirable physicochemical properties, high viability, and antibacterial properties of 3% (wt/vol) NaCas‐B. breve edible films may enable their future use as bioactive packaging for food products.
Help anyone, if helped by some: Understanding generalized reciprocity through the lens of interaction ritual chain theory
Authors: Wang Bin , Liu Yukun , Qian Jing , Parker Sharon K.
Published: May 2023

The phenomenon ‘help anyone, if helped by some’ is known as generalized reciprocity. Most research has considered generalized reciprocity from the perspective of social exchange theory, focusing on an obligated to process. In this study, we apply the interaction ritual chain (IRC) theory to theorize that individuals can pay it forward based on their previous emotional experiences. Specifically, we developed and examined a theoretical model to address why and when receiving social support could promote employees' helping others. In Study 1, a between‐person three‐wave time‐lagged study of 627 employees, we found that emotional energy (EE) mediated the relationship between receiving social support at work and recipients' subsequent helping behaviours. In Study 2, a 10‐day experience sampling study among 144 employees, we replicated the indirect effect of receiving social support on helping behaviour via EE at the within‐person level. We also identified, consistent with IRC theory, a cross‐level moderating effect of workplace status that differed depending on whom individuals received support from. Specifically, received supervisor support led to more EE for employees with higher workplace status than for those lower in status. With respect to received coworker support, the effect of support on EE was stronger for those lower in status than for those higher in status. Overall, our results shed light on the emotional experiences involved in workplace social interactions and suggested energized to as an alternative mechanism for interpreting generalized reciprocity beyond the obligated to process.
Do Religious Politicians Take Risks Differently? Evidence From Pakistan
Authors: Yadav Vineeta
Published: May 2023

Given popular religiosity, the presence of religious parties, and the politicization of religious issues, it is highly likely that politicians with varying levels of personal religiosity are active in politics. Yet, our knowledge of how politicians’ religiosity influences their political choices is still limited, particularly for developing countries. In this paper, I use data from a survey experiment fielded to Pakistani politicians in 2018 to study whether and how politicians’ personal religiosity influences their political risk preferences. Scholars debate whether religiosity is correlated with higher or lower risk aversion among citizens; however, no study has examined this relationship among politicians. I find that higher religiosity systematically predicts which politicians are more risk‐averse and highly religious politicians’ decisions under uncertainty are inconsistent with expected utility maximization and prospect theory. These findings suggest that in contrast to existing assumptions of elite decision‐making, politicians’ religiosity systematically influences their risk preferences and choices.
Stochastic local and moderate departures from a unit root and its application to unit root testing
Authors: Nishi Mikihito , Kurozumi Eiji
Published: May 2023

Local‐to‐unity and moderate‐deviations specifications have been popular alternatives to unit root modeling. This article considers another kind of departures from a unit root, of the form , where is random and determines the distance from a unit root. We classify the stochastic departures into two types: local and moderate. This classification task is completed by investigating the asymptotic behavior of unit root tests that assume the stochastic unit root (STUR) processes as the alternative hypothesis. The stochastic local‐to‐unity model arises when ; in this case, the test statistics have limiting distributions different from those under the unit root null, and their asymptotic powers are greater than size. Moderate deviations emerge when , in which case the test statistics diverge. We also propose new tests for a unit root against an STUR, whose construction is based on the limit theory developed in this article. To evaluate the performance of these new tests, we derive the limiting Gaussian power envelope under the local alternative from an approximate model.
Selection based on athletics: What price will the candidates pay?
Authors: Fikrat‐Wevers Suzanne , Stegers‐Jager Karen M. , Woltman Andrea M.
Published: May 2023

The authors comment on Sgroi et al.'s review of athletes in medicine to stress the importance of investigating potential unintended consequences when using participation in such activity for student selection.
Meaning making about performance: A comparison of two specialty feedback cultures
Authors: Bearman Margaret , Ajjawi Rola , Castanelli Damian , Denniston Charlotte , Molloy Elizabeth , Ward Natalie , Watling Chris
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Specialty trainees often struggle to understand how well they are performing, and feedback is commonly seen as a solution to this problem. However, medical education tends to approach feedback as acontextual rather than located in a specialty‐specific cultural world. This study therefore compares how specialty trainees in surgery and intensive care medicine (ICM) make meaning about the quality of their performance and the role of feedback conversations in this process.

Methods

We conducted a qualitative interview study in the constructivist grounded theory tradition. We interviewed 17 trainees from across Australia in 2020, eight from ICM and nine from surgery, and iterated between data collection and analytic discussions. We employed open, focused, axial and theoretical coding.

Findings

There were significant divergences between specialties. Surgical trainees had more opportunity to work directly with supervisors, and there was a strong link between patient outcome and quality of care, with a focus on performance information about operative skills. ICM was a highly uncertain practice environment, where patient outcome could not be relied upon as a source of performance information; valued performance information was diffuse and included tacit emotional support. These different ‘specialty feedback cultures’ strongly influenced how trainees orchestrated opportunities for feedback, made meaning of their performance in their day‐to‐day patient care tasks and ‘patched together’ experiences and inputs into an evolving sense of overall progress.

Discussion

We identified two types of meaning‐making about performance: first, trainees' understanding of an immediate performance in a patient‐care task and, second, a ‘patched together’ sense of overall progress from incomplete performance information. This study suggests approaches to feedback should attend to both, but also take account of the cultural worlds of specialty practice, with their attendant complexities. In particular, feedback conversations could better acknowledge the variable quality of performance information and specialty specific levels of uncertainty.
The devastating oomycete phytopathogen Phytophthora cactorum: Insights into its biology and molecular features
Authors: Chen Xiao‐Ren , Wen Ke , Zhou Xue , Zhu Ming‐Yue , Liu Yang , Jin Jing‐Hao , Nellist Charlotte F.
Published: May 2023

Phytophthora cactorum is one of the most economically important soilborne oomycete pathogens in the world. It infects more than 200 plant species spanning 54 families, most of which are herbaceous and woody species. Although traditionally considered to be a generalist, marked differences of P. cactorum isolates occur in degree of pathogenicity to different hosts. As the impact of crop loss caused by this species has increased recently, there has been a tremendous increase in the development of new tools, resources, and management strategies to study and combat this devastating pathogen. This review aims to integrate recent molecular biology analyses of P. cactorum with the current knowledge of the cellular and genetic basis of its growth, development, and host infection. The goal is to provide a framework for further studies of P. cactorum by highlighting important biological and molecular features, shedding light on the functions of pathogenicity factors, and developing effective control measures.

Taxonomy

P. cactorum (Leb. & Cohn) Schröeter: kingdom Chromista; phylum Oomycota; class Oomycetes; order Peronosporales; family Peronosporaceae; genus Phytophthora.

Host range

Infects about 200 plant species in 154 genera representing 54 families. Economically important host plants include strawberry, apple, pear, Panax spp., and walnut.

Disease symptoms

The soilborne pathogen often causes root, stem, collar, crown, and fruit rots, as well as foliar infection, stem canker, and seedling damping off.
Fanny Bré in the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939): The meaning of nursing care in the international brigades
Authors: Sadurní‐Bassols Cinta , Gallego‐Caminero Gloria , Galbany‐Estragués Paola
Published: May 2023

Fanny Bré was a volunteer nurse in the International Brigades, who fought in the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) on the side of the democratically elected Republican government. The objective of this study is to understand the relationship between Bré's antifascist ideas, her conception of care and the activities she carried out in the Spanish hospitals of Casa Roja (Murcia), Villa Paz (Selices, Cuenca) and Vic (Barcelona). We use narrative biography to describe Bré's personal, political and professional trajectory. To do so, we conducted a content analysis of primary sources archived in Spain, Russia and France and secondary sources that emerged from a thorough literature review. We identified three thematic axes: (1) a concept of nursing in the service of the antifascist struggle, (2) nursing activity for high‐quality care and (3) political action for improving hospital organisation and care. The interest of Bré's texts transcends the war in Spain because, in them, Bré questions the neutrality of care by revealing that care can itself be a political act.