bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ocean carbon cycle feedbacks in CMIP6 models: contributions from different basins
Authors: Katavouta Anna , Williams Richard G.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The ocean response to carbon emissions involves the combined effect of an increase in atmospheric CO2, acting to enhance the ocean carbon storage, and climate change, acting to decrease the ocean carbon storage. This ocean response can be characterised in terms of a carbon–concentration feedback and a carbon–climate feedback. The contribution from different ocean basins to these feedbacks on centennial timescales is explored using diagnostics of ocean carbonate chemistry, physical ventilation and biological processes in 11 CMIP6 Earth system models. To gain mechanistic insight, the dependence of these feedbacks on the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is also investigated in an idealised climate model and the CMIP6 models. For the carbon–concentration feedback, the Atlantic, Pacific and Southern oceans provide comparable contributions when estimated in terms of the volume-integrated carbon storage. This large contribution from the Atlantic Ocean relative to its size is due to strong local physical ventilation and an influx of carbon transported from the Southern Ocean. The Southern Ocean has large anthropogenic carbon uptake from the atmosphere, but its contribution to the carbon storage is relatively small due to large carbon transport to the other basins. For the carbon–climate feedback estimated in terms of carbon storage, the Atlantic and Arctic oceans provide the largest contributions relative to their size. In the Atlantic, this large contribution is primarily due to climate change acting to reduce the physical ventilation. In the Arctic, this large contribution is associated with a large warming per unit volume. The Southern Ocean provides a relatively small contribution to the carbon–climate feedback, due to competition between the climate effects of a decrease in solubility and physical ventilation and an increase in accumulation of regenerated carbon. The more poorly ventilated Indo-Pacific Ocean provides a small contribution to the carbon cycle feedbacks relative to its size. In the Atlantic Ocean, the carbon cycle feedbacks strongly depend on the AMOC strength and its weakening with warming. In the Arctic, there is a moderate correlation between the AMOC weakening and the carbon–climate feedback that is related to changes in carbonate chemistry. In the Pacific, Indian and Southern oceans, there is no clear correlation between the AMOC and the carbon cycle feedbacks, suggesting that other processes control the ocean ventilation and carbon storage there.
Relevance of acoustic methods to quantify bedload transport and bedform dynamics in a large sandy-gravel-bed river
Authors: Le Guern Jules , Rodrigues Stéphane , Geay Thomas , Zanker Sébastien , Hauet Alexandre , Tassi Pablo , Claude Nicolas , Jugé Philippe , Duperray Antoine , Vervynck Louis
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Despite the inherent difficulties in quantifying its value, bedload
transport is essential for understanding fluvial systems. In this study, we
assessed different indirect bedload measurement techniques with a reference
direct bedload measurement in a reach of a large sandy-gravel-bed river.
An acoustic Doppler current profiler (aDcp), the dune tracking method (DTM) and hydrophone measurement techniques were used to determine bedload transport rates by using calibration with the reference method or by using empirical formulas. This study is the first work which attempted to use a hydrophone to quantify bedload rates in a large sandy-gravel-bed river. Results show that the hydrophone is the most efficient and accurate method for determining bedload fluxes in the Loire River. Although further work is
needed to identify the parameters controlling self-generated sediment noise, the calibration procedure adopted in this study allows a satisfactory estimation of bedload transport rates. Moreover, aDcp and hydrophone measurement techniques are accurate enough to quantify bedload variations associated with dune migration.
Development and evaluation of CO2 transport in MPAS-A v6.3
Authors: Zheng Tao , Feng Sha , Davis Kenneth J. , Pal Sandip , Morguí Josep-Anton
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Chemistry transport models (CTMs) play an important role in understanding fluxes and atmospheric distribution of carbon dioxide (CO2).
They have been widely used for modeling CO2 transport through forward simulations and inferring fluxes through inversion systems.
With the increasing availability of high-resolution observations, it has been become possible to estimate CO2 fluxes at higher spatial resolution.
In this work, we implemented CO2 transport in the Model for Prediction Across Scales – Atmosphere (MPAS-A).
The objective is to use the variable-resolution capability of MPAS-A to enable a high-resolution CO2 simulation in a limited region with a global model.
Treating CO2 as an inert tracer, we implemented in MPAS-A (v6.3) the CO2 transport processes, including advection, vertical mixing by boundary layer scheme, and convective transport.
We first evaluated the newly implemented model's tracer mass conservation and then its CO2 simulation accuracy.
A 1-year (2014) MPAS-A simulation is evaluated at the global scale using CO2 measurements from 50 near-surface stations and 18 Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) stations.
The simulation is also compared with two global models: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) CarbonTracker v2019 (CT2019) and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Integrated Forecasting System (IFS).
A second set of simulation (2016–2018) is used to evaluate MPAS-A at regional scale using Atmospheric Carbon and Transport – America (ACT-America) aircraft CO2 measurements over the eastern United States.
This simulation is also compared with CT2019 and a 27 km WRF-Chem simulation.
The global-scale evaluations show that MPAS-A is capable of representing the spatial and temporal CO2 variation with a comparable level of accuracy as IFS of similar horizontal resolution.
The regional-scale evaluations show that MPAS-A is capable of representing the observed atmospheric CO2 spatial structures related to the midlatitude synoptic weather system, including the warm versus cold sector distinction, boundary layer to free troposphere difference, and frontal boundary CO2 enhancement.
MPAS-A's performance in representing these CO2 spatial structures is comparable to the global model CT2019 and regional model WRF-Chem.
UBER v1.0: A universal kinetic equation solver for radiation belts
Authors: Zheng Liheng , Chen Lunjin , Chan Anthony A. , Wang Peng , Xia Zhiyang , Liu Xu
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Recent proceedings in the radiation belt studies have proposed new requirements for numerical methods to solve the kinetic equations involved. In this article, we present a numerical solver that can solve the general form of radiation belt Fokker-Planck equation and Boltzmann equation in arbitrarily provided coordinate systems, and with user-specified boundary geometry, boundary conditions, and equation terms. The solver is based upon the mathematical theory of stochastic differential equations, whose computational accuracy and efficiency are greatly enhanced by specially designed adaptive algorithms and variance reduction technique. The versatility and robustness of the solver is exhibited in three example problems. The solver applies to a wide spectrum of radiation belt modeling problems, including the ones featuring non-diffusive particle transport such as that arises from nonlinear wave-particle interactions.
Constraining a land cover map with satellite-based aboveground biomass estimates over Africa
Authors: Marie Guillaume , Luyssaert Sebastiaan , Dardel Cecile , Le Toan Thuy , Bouvet Alexandre , Mermoz Stéphane , Villard Ludovic , Bastrikov Vladislav , Peylin Philippe
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Most land surface models can either calculate the vegetation distribution and dynamics internally by making use of biogeographical principles or use vegetation maps to prescribe spatial and temporal changes in vegetation distribution. Irrespective of whether vegetation dynamics are simulated or prescribed, it is not practical to represent vegetation across the globe at the species level because of its daunting diversity. This issue can be circumvented by making use of 5 to 20 plant functional types (PFT) by assuming that all species within a single functional type show identical land–atmosphere interactions irrespective of their geographical location. In this study, we hypothesize that remote-sensing based assessments of above-ground biomass can be used to refine discretizing real-world vegetation in PFT maps. Remotely sensed biomass estimates for Africa were used in a Bayesian framework to estimate the probability density distributions of woody, herbaceous, and bare soil fractions for the 15 land cover classes, according to the UN-LCCS typology, present in Africa. Subsequently, the 2.5 and 97.5 percentile of the probability density distributions were used to create 2.5 % and 97.5 % confidence interval PFT maps. Finally the original and refined PFT maps were used to drive biomass and albedo simulations with the ORCHIDEE model. This study demonstrates that remotely sensed biomass data can be used to better constrain PFT maps. Among the advantages of using remotely sensed biomass data were the reduced dependency on expert knowledge and the ability to report the confident interval of the PFT maps. Applying this approach at the global scale, would increase confidence in the PFT maps underlying assessments of present day biomass stocks.
Moho topography beneath the European Eastern Alps by global-phase seismic interferometry
Authors: Bianchi Irene , Ruigrok Elmer , Obermann Anne , Kissling Edi
Published: May 2021

Abstract. In this work we present the application of the global-phase seismic interferometry (GloPSI) technique to a dataset recorded across the Eastern Alps with the EASI (Eastern Alpine Seismic Investigation) temporary seismic network. GloPSI aims at rendering an image of the lithosphere from the waves that travel across the core before reaching the seismic stations (i.e. PKP, PKiKP, PKIKP). The technique is based on the principle that a stack of autocorrelations of transmission responses mimics the reflection response of a medium and is used here to retrieve information about the crust–mantle boundary, such as its depth and topography. We produce images of the upper lithosphere using 64 teleseismic events. We notice that with GloPSI, we can well image the topography of the Moho in regions where it shows a nearly planar behaviour and corresponds to a strong velocity contrast (i.e. in the northern part of the profile, from the Bohemian Massif to the Northern Calcareous Alps). Below the higher crests of the Alpine chain, and the Tauern Window in particular, we cannot find evidence of the boundary between crust and mantle. The GloPSI results indicate the absence of an Adriatic crust made of laterally continuous layers smoothly descending southwards and confirm the observations of previous studies suggesting a structurally complex and faulted internal Alpine crustal structure.
Impact of Timanian thrust systems on the late Neoproterozoic–Phanerozoic tectonic evolution of the Barents Sea and Svalbard
Authors: Koehl Jean-Baptiste P. , Magee Craig , Anell Ingrid M.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The Svalbard Archipelago is composed of three basement terranes that record a complex Neoproterozoic–Phanerozoic tectonic history, including four contractional events (Grenvillian, Caledonian, Ellesmerian, and Eurekan) and two episodes of collapse- to rift-related extension (Devonian–Carboniferous and late Cenozoic). These three terranes are thought to have accreted during the early–mid Paleozoic Caledonian and Ellesmerian orogenies. Yet recent geochronological analyses show that the northwestern and southwestern terranes of Svalbard both record an episode of amphibolite (–eclogite) facies metamorphism in the latest Neoproterozoic, which may relate to the 650–550 Ma Timanian Orogeny identified in northwestern Russia, northern Norway and the Russian Barents Sea. However, discrete Timanian structures have yet to be identified in Svalbard and the Norwegian Barents Sea. Through analysis of seismic reflection, and regional gravimetric and magnetic data, this study demonstrates the presence of continuous, several kilometers thick, NNE-dipping, deeply buried thrust systems that extend thousands of kilometers from northwestern Russia to northeastern Norway, the northern Norwegian Barents Sea, and the Svalbard Archipelago. The consistency in orientation and geometry, and apparent linkage between these thrust systems and those recognized as part of the Timanian Orogeny in northwestern Russia and Novaya Zemlya suggests that the mapped structures are likely Timanian. If correct, these findings would indicate that Svalbard’s three basement terranes and the Barents Sea were accreted onto northern Norway during the Timanian Orogeny and should, hence, be attached to Baltica and northwestern Russia in future Neoproterozoic–early Paleozoic plate tectonics reconstructions. In the Phanerozoic, the study suggests that the interpreted Timanian thrust systems represented major preexisting zones of weakness that were reactivated, folded, and overprinted by (i.e., controlled the formation of new) brittle faults during later tectonic events. These faults are still active at present and can be linked to folding and offset of the seafloor.
Wind tunnel testing of a swept tip shape and comparison with multi-fidelity aerodynamic simulations
Authors: Barlas Thanasis , Pirrung Georg Raimund , Ramos-García Néstor , González Horcas Sergio , Mikkelsen Robert Flemming , Olsen Anders Smærup , Gaunaa Mac
Published: May 2021

Abstract. One promising design solution for increasing the efficiency of modern horizontal axis wind turbines is the installation of curved tip extensions. However, introducing such complex geometries may move traditional aerodynamic models based on Blade Element Momentum (BEM) theory out of their range of applicability. This motivated the present work, where a swept tip shape is investigated by means of both experimental and numerical tests. The latter group accounted for a wide variety of aerodynamic models, allowing to highlight the capabilities and limitations of each of them in a relative manner. The considered swept tip shape is the result of a design optimization, focusing on locally maximizing power performance within load constraints. For the experimental tests, the tip model is instrumented with spanwise bands of pressure sensors and is tested in the Poul la Cour wind tunnel at the Technical University of Denmark (DTU). The methods used for the numerical tests consisted of a blade element model, a near-wake model, lifting-line free-wake models, and a fully resolved Navier- Stokes solver. The comparison of the numerical and the experimental tests results is performed for a given range of angles of attack and wind speeds, which is representative of the expected conditions in operation. Results show that the blade element model cannot predict the measured normal force coefficients, but the other methods are generally in good agreement with the measurements in attached flow. Flow visualization and pressure distribution compare well with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. The agreement in the clean case is better than in the tripped case, indicating an aggressive tripping of the flow in the measurements. Some uncertainties regarding the effect of the boundary layer at the inboard tunnel wall and the post stall behavior remain.
Diversity and distribution of Icelandic ferns (Polypodiopsida)
Authors: Wasowicz Pawel
Published: May 2021

In this paper a comprehensive list of Icelandic ferns (Polypodiopsida sensu PPG I) is presented alongside detailed distribution maps (5×5 km grid). Apart from general characteristics of the local range, details on ecology and conservation status are provided, including most common habitat types for each species, altitudinal range and a local red list status assessment according to IUCN criteria. The most important bibliography records for each species are also listed.
Current Pharmacologic Strategies for Treatment of Intractable Epilepsy in Children
Authors: Moon Ja Un , Cho Kyung-Ok
Published: May 2021

Epileptic encephalopathy (EE) is a devastating pediatric disease that features medically resistant seizures, which can contribute to global developmental delays. Despite technological advancements in genetics, the neurobiological mechanisms of EEs are not fully understood, leaving few therapeutic options for affected patients. In this review, we introduce the most common EEs in pediatrics (i.e., Ohtahara syndrome, Dravet syndrome, and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome) and their molecular mechanisms that cause excitation/inhibition imbalances. We then discuss some of the essential molecules that are frequently dysregulated in EEs. Specifically, we explore voltage-gated ion channels, synaptic transmission-related proteins, and ligand-gated ion channels in association with the pathophysiology of Ohtahara syndrome, Dravet syndrome, and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Finally, we review currently available antiepileptic drugs used to treat seizures in patients with EEs. Since these patients often fail to achieve seizure relief even with the combination therapy, further extensive research efforts to explore the involved molecular mechanisms will be required to develop new drugs for patients with intractable epilepsy.
Polydeoxyribonucleotide Attenuates Airway Inflammation Through A2AR Signaling Pathway in PM10-Exposed Mice
Authors: Hwang Lakkyong , Jin Jun-Jang , Ko Il-Gyu , Kim Suyeon , Cho Young-A , Sung Jun-Seok , Choi Cheon Woong , Chang Bok Soon
Published: May 2021

Purpose: Inhalation of air containing high amounts of particular matter (PM) causes various respiratory disorders including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer. The changes of expression of inflammatory factors by polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) administration in the PM10-exposed trachea inflammation model were evaluated.Methods: PM10 was administered to mouse trachea to induce acute inflammatory damage, and changes in inflammatory factors were observed after administration of PDRN and 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX) for 3 days daily. Expression of inflammatory cytokines, adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR), protein kinase A (PKA), 3΄,5΄-cyclic adenosine monophosphate responsive element binding protein (CREB) were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence, and western blot assay.Results: PM-exposed trachea showed increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β expression, and expression of TNF-α and IL-1β was inhibited by PDRN treatment in PM-exposed mice. PM-exposed trachea showed increased nuclear factor (NF)-κB phosphorylation, and phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B was inhibited by PDRN treatment in PM-exposed mice. PM-exposed trachea showed increased expression of A2AR, but PDRN treatment more enhanced A2AR expression in PM-exposed mice. PKA phosphorylation was not changed and CREP phosphorylation was decreased, however PDRN treatment increased phosphorylation of PKA and CREB in PM-exposed mice. DMPX treatment blocked all the effects of PDRN on PM-exposed mice, demonstrating that the action of PDRN occurs via A2AR.Conclusions: PDRN treatment attenuated inflammation in the trachea of the PM10-exposed mice. This improving effect of PDRN can be ascribed to the activation of A2AR through the cAMP-PKA pathway.
Voluntary Wheel Running Exercise Improves Aging-Induced Sarcopenia via Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator-1α/Fibronectin Type III Domain-Containing Protein 5/Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway
Authors: Ko Young Jun , Ko Il-Gyu
Published: May 2021

Purpose: In this study, the protective effect of voluntary wheel running exercise on muscle loss and muscle weakness in gastrocnemius of old rats was investigated. The association of voluntary wheel exercise with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α)/fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/adenosine monophosphate- activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression was also evaluated.Methods: Six-month-old and 22-month-old male rats were used for this experiment. The rats in voluntary wheel running exercise groups were performed wheel running for 2 months. Weight bearing test for walking strength, rotarod test for motor coordination and balance, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining for histological changes in the muscle tissues, Western blot analysis for PGC-1α, FNDC5, AMPK, immunofluorescence for VEGF were conducted.Results: Decreased muscle mass, strength, and coordination due to aging were associated with a decrease in the PGC-1α/ FNDC5/AMPK signaling pathway in the gastrocnemius. Voluntary wheel running exercise enhanced VEGF expression by activating the PGC-1α/FNDC5/AMPK signaling pathway, then increased muscle mass, strength, and coordination.Conclusions: It has been suggested that voluntary wheel running exercise alleviates symptoms of urological diseases that are difficult to treat. Wheel running exercise is a good therapeutic strategy to prevent or treat aging-related sarcopenia.
低碳背景下福建省共享型农产品终端配送模式研究
Authors: 陈 梦 , 杨 霜莹
Published: May 2021

本文在对全球和福建省碳排放背景分析基础上，对福建省三种主要的农产品终端配送模式进行分析，总结出存在城市配送难、成本高、冷链流通率低、资源共享程度低、高碳排放量等共同问题；借鉴共享经济发展理念和经验，本文构建福建省共享型农产品终端配送模式，并提出建立共享农产品终端配送管理体系、搭建农产品信息共享平台、积极推广新能源技术、配置公共货物装卸点和集散点、建立企业间信任体系和惩罚制度等实施建议。
Propuesta teórica para el estudio del comportamiento socioespacial de un destino turístico
Authors: Díaz Castañeda Alejandra , Osorio García Maribel , Palmas Castrejón Yanelli Daniela
Published: May 2021

Los estudios socioespaciales del turismo se han enfocado en el análisis de lo mate-rial o lo simbólico desde posturas positivistas, críticas o hermenéuticas. En lo material, se han centrado en el análisis de los recursos naturales y culturales de un destino receptor, en la conformación histórica de un destino turístico y las transformaciones sociales, políticas, económicas y ambientales que se producen. Dentro de lo simbólico destacan tanto las percepciones como las valoraciones de los actores sociales del destino. Los modelos que conjugan ambos tipos de análisis, el material y el simbólico, presentan un mayor grado de complejidad teórica para llevar a cabo una investigación, por ello, con la intención de aportar una propuesta que integre componentes para el estudio del comportamiento socioespacial de un destino turístico, desde la perspectiva crítica se retoman los trabajos de la trialéc-tica de Lefebvre (2013) y del modelo de Harvey (1990) y se identificanlas catego-rías y unidades de análisis pertinentes para aplicarlas a la investigación turística. Tal postura teórica se manifiesa como diacrónica e integral, dado que involucra el espacio, el tiempo y el ser social.
Redes sociales y trabajo agrario: un estudio a partir de la inmigración de suizos a Misiones-Argentina (1920-1939)
Authors: Zang Laura Mabel
Published: May 2021

Dentro de los factores que promovieron la migración de miles de ciudadanos sui-zos hacia distintos destinos de ultramar, sin duda un papel privilegiado a la hora de decidir partir fue el crítico escenario económico y social de Suiza durante la primera mitad del siglo XX. Sin embargo, los contactos y relaciones personales de los inmigrantes fueron un recurso de suma importancia en los mecanismos de inserción desplegados en un escenario totalmente nuevo. El presente artículo analiza la formación de redes migratorias y redes sociales entre los inmigrantes suizos. Dentro de la complejidad que implica un abordaje de microanalítico, cabría preguntarse ¿cómo fue el proceso de gestación de las redes migratorias y redes sociales entre los suizos y cómo estas influyeronen la inserción del inmigrante en un espacio totalmente nuevo? ¿En qué medida las redes sociales fueron influyente en el éxito o fracaso en la aprehensión de las tareas agrícolas a las que muchos no estaban acostumbrados? Finalmente, tomando en consideración que un grupo importante de migrantes se establecieron en colonias alemanas, cabría considerar si, en este contexto, ¿fueron estas redes necesariamente étnicas?
Zonificación de áreas susceptibles a procesos erosivos en laderas desencadenados por la ganadería extensiva, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
Authors: Quiroga Diego R. A. , Coronato Andrea , Ángeles Guillermo R. , del Valle Héctor F.
Published: May 2021

Se presenta el primer mapa de zonificaciónde susceptibilidad a procesos erosivos según exposición de laderas, considerando valores de pendiente, orientación y estado de cobertura del suelo para un sector de la estepa fueguina localizado en el norte de la provincia de Tierra del Fuego. Se identifcaron dos sitios de observa-ción de procesos de remoción en masa y deflaciónen laderas con distintas carac-terísticas físicas (pendiente mayor a 6,59 % y orientación de ladera N-NE) cuyos valores de referencia se aplicarán en el análisis a escala regional. A su vez se rea-lizó un análisis fotogramétrico de los sitios de observación. Se aplicaron técnicas de sensores remotos en un entorno de Sistema de Información Geográfica(SIG). Se usó el Modelo Digital de Elevaciones MDEar 45 m de resolución espacial para extraer los principales factores condicionantes para la ocurrencia de los movimien-tos de laderas. La identifiación y mapeo de los procesos de erosión se obtuvo a partir de una clasificaciónsupervisada (algoritmo de máxima verosimilitud) de una imagen SPOT-4 de 10 m de resolución espacial (observación de la microescala). El mapa inventario combinado con el de topografía digital constituye una línea de base para el área de estudio. Esta información, hasta el momento inexistente, podrá ser utilizada como una herramienta de planeamiento y para la implementación de estrategias de mitigación y reducción de procesos erosivos.
Polos, ferias y mercados: geografía del consumo gastronómico en Buenos Aires (Argentina)
Authors: Troncoso Claudia A. , Arzeno Mariana
Published: May 2021

El objetivo del trabajo es analizar algunas tendencias recientes que definn el consumo gastronómico en la ciudad de Buenos Aires atendiendo a las áreas dedi-cadas a esta práctica (polos gastronómicos, ferias y mercados), las propuestas o modalidades que se ofrecen para concretarla y las especificidadesque estos lugares le otorgan al consumo que en ellos se realiza. Esto se analiza en el con-texto de procesos sociales, económicos y culturales más amplios que orientan tendencias mundiales en relación con la transformación de las ciudades. El abor-daje de estos temas tiene justificaciónen la escasez de antecedentes acerca de las tendencias recientes del consumo gastronómico como parte de las transformacio-nes de Buenos Aires. La estrategia metodológica combinó la realización de un relevamiento y sistematización de información secundaria (documentos ofiiales, folletos, guías turísticas, notas periodísticas, entre otros) y la realización de trabajo de campo (visita y observación sistemática en las áreas dedicadas a la gastrono-mía en la ciudad). El trabajo muestra cómo se confiuran nuevos usos del espacio urbano tematizados en torno a la gastronomía. Asimismo, se reflxiona respecto de cómo estos espacios (acondicionados para concretar el consumo gastronómico) pueden volver signifiativas las prácticas vinculadas con el comer para ciertos sectores de la sociedad.
El Eje del Sur. Aportes para el estudio de las obras de infraestructura y las disputas territoriales en el Corredor Bioceánico Nor-Patagónico
Authors: Álvarez Álvaro
Published: May 2021

Las transformaciones en los macrosistemas técnicos vinculados al transporte y la logística, en las últimas décadas, han generado fuertes impactos territoriales en los países de América Latina en un contexto de reprimarización económica. La pretensión de los actores hegemónicos de disponer de los recursos estratégicos de la región y el aumento en la demanda de commodities han ponderado pun-tos luminosos, espacios densamente cargados de infraestructuras, vitales para la acumulación del capital. En este contexto la región sur del continente se resigni-fia en función de las demandas internacionales, sobre todo en materia energética y de minerales. El análisis en distintas escalas de los principales corredores de infraestructura que hacen posible la extracción y circulación de estos recursos es central, en el actual contexto, en los estudios geográfios. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo principal el estudio del Corredor Bioceánico Nor-Patagónico a partir de las siguientes preguntas de investigación: ¿qué infraestructura se promueve y en función de qué modelo de desarrollo? Los resultados de la investigación ponen en debate la idea de integración y desarrollo que sustentan los programas de infraes-tructura en la actualidad.
Role of virechana karma in the symptoms of Udavarta yonivyapad
Authors: Rathod Bhavana Lachhiram , Sonwane Ramesh D.
Published: May 2021

Apathya Sevana & Vegadharana causes vitiation of Vata & its Pratiloma Gati results into cramping type of lower abdominal pain which gets relieved with expulsion of Raja (menstrual flow).[1]  Along with the Katishula is also the symptom by which many women are suffering. Patients of Udavarta Yonivyapad widely uses analgesics, antispasmodic, prostaglandin inhibitors any many more medicines which later on arises lot of adverse effects. Our treatise has mentioned Shamana & Shodhana Chikitsa to treat this. Panchakarma have ray of hope to this to treat & that Shamana & Shodhana Chikitsa in it so Virechana treatment was given [2]. Ayurveda has lot of treatments for this which are easy to take & also cost effective. Shodhana Chikitsa is always better than Shamana because it works on the root cause of the disease.
A case report: â€œefficacy of ksheerbala taila nasya & oral medication on viterous hemorrhageâ€
Authors: Verma Umesh , Radaye Nutan
Published: May 2021

Background:
Today in the Modern era, modern science has no answer & also no definite line of treatment for many ophthalmic diseases.  The disease Viterous Haemorrhage is one among them and treatment is Viterectomy. The causes of viterous haemorrhage are Diabetic retinopathy (most common-31to 54%), trauma (especially in young people 12to18%), Retinal tear (12to20%) and posterior viterous detachment (4to11%)
Objectives:
-Detail study of viterous hemorrhage
-Detail study of ksheerbala taila nasaya and raktapittahara medicine
-Detal study of urdhavagat raktapitta
Methods: A case study of 73yr/male patient presented with painless loss of vision (CF 2feet/left eye) which previously diagnosed as Viterous hemorrhage (Acc to Ayurved: Urdhavgata Raktapitta) The Patient treated with Ksheerbala Taila Nasaya and oral treatment of Raktapittahara medicine for 6 days.
Result: Patientâ€™s vision improved from C.F 2 feet to 6/9 partial (left eye) along with Haziness of media i.e clarity of Vetreous. B-Scan of the left eye also showed improvement after the treatment. The Media was hazy on 1st day which becomes clear on 21 st day.
Conclusion: This study proves that when the diagnosis of the disease and the treatment of the disease, both are done on the basis of Ayurvedic principles, the results brought to be positive and certainly confirms that Ayurved definitely can be labeled as evidence-based science.
Технологическое развитие регионов России (на примере Белгородской области)
Authors: Говорова Наталья Викторовна
Published: May 2021

Российская Федерация имеет все объективные возможности занять высоко конкурентные позиции на геоэкономической и политической арене мира. Это произойдет в том случае, если доминантой нашего развития станет наукоемкая промышленность и сфера услуг, основанные на отечественных технологиях. В статье рассматриваются условия и результаты развития инновационной экономики в регионах РФ на примере Белгородской области. Определены наиболее уязвимые аспекты, а также позитивные тенденции развития рассматриваемой территории применительно к тематике исследования и в сравнении с аналогичными регионами Центрального федерального округа по численности населения.
The Effect of Apis mellifera Propolis on RUNX-2 and ALP during Remodeling of Orthodontic Tooth movement
Authors: Handayani Budi , Margaretha A R Mieke Sylvia , Ridwan Rini Devijanti , Aljunaid Mohammed
Published: May 2021

Herbal medicine is interesting including treatments that use propolis. Propolis collected by Apis mellifera bees has a very useful composition whose active ingredients are flavonoids, CAPE and saponin. This research aims to analyze the effect of Apis mellifera propolis on RUNX-2 and ALP during the remodeling period caused by the orthodontic tooth movement in Cavia cobaya. It constitutes an experimental laboratory study and a random sampling method. The method used experimental laboratory research on 28 Cavia cobaya, which were divided into four groups consisting of two control groups and two treatment groups which have been given 3% and 5% propolis extract respectively. RUNX-2 and ALP expression were evaluated using immunohistochemical staining. Materials and Methods: Propolis is a resin substance produced by bees. Cavia cobaya with orthodontic tooth movement by separator rubber. The control group (Group 1) included clinically healthy Cavia cobaya (n=7), (Group 2) included Cavia cobaya with orthodontic tooth movement (n=7). A treatment group (Group P1) Cavia cobaya have been treated with orthodontic tooth movement and propolis 3%, (Group P2) Cavia cobaya have been treated with orthodontic tooth movement and propolis 5% and observed for 17 days. Samples of maxilla were taken from the subjects for analysis on day 17. RUNX-2 and ALP expression were evaluated using immunohistochemical staining. Results: showed that RUNX-2 and ALP expression were found to increase in the tension side. Conclusion: Propolis extract at 5% concentration had ability in bone remodeling by increasing RUNX-2 and ALP expression in the tension area during orthodontic tooth movement.
Formulation, Design and Optimization of Glycerosomes for Topical Delivery of Minoxidil
Authors: Rani Deepika , Sharma Vaishali , Manchanda Rashmi , Chaurasia Himanshu
Published: May 2021

Background: Present work reports the formulation design and optimization of minoxidil loaded glycerosomes for topical application. The delivery system enhances the vesicular properties of vesicles by modifying the fluidity of lipid bilayer. The major component of formulation consists of phospholipid, glycerol, and cholesterol. Methodology: Glycerosomes were prepared by using lipid film hydration method. Prepared formulations were optimized using Box behnken 32 full factorial experimental designs. Two independent variables were selected which were Sonication time (X1), and Glycerol Concentration (X2) and with respect to these two dependent variables were selected which were % cumulative drug release after eight hours (Y1), and Entrapment efficiency (Y2). Nine formulations of (G1-G9) were prepared based on factorial design for optimization. Result and Discussion: Prepared formulations were evaluated in terms of surface analysis, charge distribution, encapsulation efficiency, in-vitro diffusion studies, stability testing and release kinetics. The fabricated glycerosomes found to possess entrapment efficiency in the range of 70.29±0.75 to 87.91±0.23%, cumulative drug release: 73.12 to 89.39%; a shelf life of 356 days at 4± 1°C and show higuchi release kinetics, fickian diffusion. Conclusion: As glycerol present in formulation in high quantity, this is itself used as humectant, emollient and penetration enhancer. So this formulation is best suitable for topical delivery of drugs.
Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of some newer Pyrimidine derivatives as Anti-inflammatory Agents
Authors: Divekar Kalpana , S Rekha. , Vedigounder Murugan. , H Shivaprakash.
Published: May 2021

Pyrimidine is an important baseone of the base formed by hydrolysis of nucleosides. It is an interesting molecule in the medicinal chemistry because of its diversified biological activities. Alloxan which is an oxidation product of Uric acid is also a pyrimidine derivative of interest to a medicinal chemist. Several pyrimidines are reported as antimicrobial, analegesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiparasitic agents. Pyrimidine scaffold is considered as an interesting one due to its various pharmacological properties. In this scheme, an attempt is made to carry out synthesis of some new pyrimidine derivatives. The Starting material Chalcone is synthesized by condensation of various aromatic aldehyde and aromatic ketone. Chalcone is then treated with thiourea and KOH in presence of ethanol to yield pyrimidine derivatives. Then those pyrimidine derivatives were subjected to alkylation and acetylation. The synthesized compounds were characterized and confirmed by IR and 1HNMR spectroscopy and then evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity. The anti-inflammatory activity of newly synthesized pyrimidine derivatives were carried out by the carrageenan induced rat hind paw edema method by taking Diclofenac sodium as standard.
Formulation and Evaluation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for controlled delivery of Zidovudine
Authors: Dhiman Sonia , Thakur Gurjeet Singh , Anand Shivangi , Yadav Priyanka
Published: May 2021

Zidovudine is one of the chief nucleoside analogue and reverse inhibitor licensed for HIV infection which is placed along with a group of retroviruses. The present research study on Zidovudine solid dosage form surveyed the feasibility utilizing solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for controlled drug delivery of zidovudine embracing glyceryl behenate as lipidic material, tween 80 as a stabilizer and blend of sodium chelate with poloxamer as surfactant. The SLNs were prepared utilizing high pressure homogenization followed by ultrasonication method. The prepared SLNs were characterized by particle size analysis, polydispersity index, zeta potential, DSC, TEM, IR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffractometry. Narrow size distribution of the particles was marked having polydispersity index values under 0.8. The high zeta potential of the different SLN formulations additionally showed their physical stability. Differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction showed decline in crystallinity of drug in the nanoparticle formulation. In vitro release study showed sustained release for up to 12 hours in the SLN formulations prepared. The current study results revealed that zidovudine SLN formulation prepared by high pressure homogenization followed by ultrasonication is a suitable method for controlled drug delivery system.
Comparison of Midazolam and Dexmedetomidine for sedation in Postoperative intubated patients of head and neck surgery on spontaneous ventilation in Intensive care unit
Authors: Chaudhari Ashok , Singam Amol , Jejani Ayushma
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Sedation is important in the care of the critically ill and postoperative patients. Amount of drug and duration for which it is given, is important in determining patient outcome. Aim: Study aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of injection midazolam and injection dexmedetomidine for sedation in postoperative patients of oromaxillofacial surgery with endotracheal tube in-situ, on spontaneous ventilation in ICU. Methodology: This prospective, randomized, comparative study was conducted on 60 patients undergoing oromaxillofacial surgery who were randomized in two groups of 30 patients each. Group D received injection demedetomidine loading dose of 1μg/kg over 15 minutes, followed by infusion at the rate of 0.2-0.7µg/kg/hr (microgram/kilogram/hour) and Group M received injection midazolam loading dose of 0.05mg/kg over 15 minutes followed by maintenance infusion at the rate of 0.02-0.06mg/kg/hr (milligram/kilogram/hour). The monitored indices included heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, SpO2 and Ramsay sedation score at the start of sedation when the Ramsay sedation score (RSS) was I and time to extubation after stopping sedation. Results: Target sedation range was achieved in a mean duration of 10.36 ± 3.05 minutes in dexmedetomidine group and that in midazolam group was 7.43±2.06 minutes. Highest value of RSS score in dexmedetomidine group was 2.43±0.50, which was observed at the 4th and 10th hour whereas in midazolam group it was 2.83±0.38 which was observed at 6th hour of the study period. Total dose of rescue analgesic required was more in midazolam group as compared to the dexmedetomidine group. The mean duration of extubation after cessation of sedation was 33.27±11.37 minutes in dexmedetomidine group and 49.43±5.58 minutes in midazolam group. Conclusion: Injection dexmedetomidine is better as compared to injection midazolam for postoperative sedation.
Pemanfaatan Batu Gunung Ambeso Pada Campuran AC-Base
Authors: Irpan  , Mangontan Robert , Alpius
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk pengujian karakteristik campuran  AC-BASE yang menggunakan batu gunung Ambeso Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah melakukan serangkaian pengujian karakteristik agregat kasar, halus, dan filler kemudian merancang komposisi campuran  AC-BASE serta pengujian Marshall untuk mendapatkan karakteristik campuran dan pengujian Marshall immertion untuk memperoleh indeks perendaman (IP) / Indeks kekeatan sisa (IKS)/ durabilitas campuran berkadar aspal optimum. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan di laboratorium Jalan dan Aspal Fakultas Teknik Jurusan Sipil Universitas Kristen Indonesia Paulus Makassar, menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik bahan perkerasan berupa batu gunung ambeso kecamatan gandangbatu sillanan memenuhi spesifikasi sebagai bahan lapiasan perkerasan jalan. Melalui Uji Marshall diperoleh karakteristik campuran AC-BASE dengan kadar aspal 4,5%, 5%, 5,5%, 6%, 6,5%. Hasil pengujian Marshall immertion campuran Laston ACBASE dengan kadar aspal optimum 5% diperoleh Indeks Perendaman (IP)/ Indeks Kekuatan Sisa (IKS)/Durabilitas sebesar 96,06% memenuhi persyaratan yaitu minimal 90%, memenuhi Spesifikasi Bina Marga Tahun 2018.
Dietary Benefits of Baphia nitida Stem Bark and Antimicrobial Effect on Some Pathogens
Authors: Elijah Parker Joshua , Nwangum Bennett Chima , Okpashi Victor Eshu , Chukwunonyelum Austin Ike , Tchimene Kenne Michel , Ogheneovo Orhonigbe Innocent
Published: May 2021

The need to find a broad-based nutritional and antimicrobial therapy gave impetus to this investigation. The crude extracts of Baphia nitida stem bark were used to check for antimicrobial effect on selected micro-organisms for possible nutritional and therapeutic application. The stem bark components were extracted with four solvent systems using maceration. A synthetic drug gentamycin - 80 mg/mL (2 mL) was dissolved in 20 mL of distilled water to obtained 8 mg/mL, was used as a control. The crude extract exhibited an antibacterial effect on gram-positive organisms (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus), and gram-negative organism (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli) at 2 mg/mL. These showed competitiveness with the 8 mg/mL of the control drug. The normal hexane fraction had an effect on Staphylococcus aureus but showed no effect on other bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) showed a dose-dependent decrease in the effect for the crude extract. Ethyl acetate and methanol fraction had an effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli at varying concentrations - 20, 10, and 5 mg/mL. the initial screening of the Baphia nitida stem bark revealed alkaloids in the methanol-methylene chloride crude extract and methanol fraction only. Other solvents showed the alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, glycosides, hydrogen cyanides and steroids respectively. Therefore, the presence of the phytochemicals implicates its antimicrobial effect and the basis for its efficacy as antimicrobial therapy.
Isolation, Cloning and Characterization of a Constitutive Plant from Potato Aquaporin Gene
Authors: Mubeen Hira , Naqvi Rubab Zahra , Masood Ammara , Saleem Mushtaq A. , Bashir Aftab , Raza Shahid
Published: May 2021

Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIP1) are the most common integral membrane proteins belong to a larger family of intrinsic aquaporin proteins. They are member of aquaporin gene family and have gained importance as highly expressed genes in plants. In this study, the promoter of aquaporin PIP1 gene was identified, analyzed and retrieved from high throughput genomic sequence (HTGS) database. The cis-acting regulatory elements, transcription start sites and transcription factor binding sites of selected promoter were identified through different bio-informatics tools. Many light responsive, phytohormone, stress and defense related cis-regulatory elements were detected in PIP1 promoter region indicating its role as a constitutive promoter. The PIP1 promoter was isolated from Solanum tuberosum. It was initially cloned in TA vector (pTZ57R/T) and later transferred to plant expression binary vectors, pGR1 and pGA482 for transient and stable expression studies in tobacco. The GUS expression results of PIP1 promoter in different tobacco tissues showed its functional importance in regulating gene expression in a constitutive manner. Further, it was concluded that the PIP1 aquaporin promoter is constitutively expressed with a strength equivalent to CaMV 2x35S promoter. These findings indicated the significance of isolated promoter for genetic engineering of plants for crop improvement.
Accumulation and Translocation of Micro-Nutrients in Soil and Plants of Orchard and Non-Orchard Fields
Authors: Khan Nazish Huma , Nafees Mohammad , Saeed Tooba , Khan Abdullah , Bashir Adila
Published: May 2021

The present study was conducted in the Plum orchard zone of district Peshawar. The study was aimed to investigate the levels of different micronutrients in the orchard soil and crop in corresponding to non-orchards. For this purpose, samples of soil and seasonal crop (wheat crop) were collected from both orchard and non-orchard fields. The collected samples were analyzed for various metals such as Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni and Co through Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results showed that in orchard soils, mean concentrations of Mn (486.9 mg/Kg), Cu (81.66 mg/Kg), Cd (2.21 mg/Kg), Cr (54.2 mg/Kg) and Ni (27.9 mg/Kg) were observed above their allowable limits. Similarly, in orchard wheat crops, a higher accumulation of Fe (416.1 mg/Kg), Cu (18.6 mg/Kg), Cr (1.5 mg/Kg) and Cd (0.63 mg/Kg) was calculated in the wheat grain/seed part. In non-orchards, all metals were found at safe levels. Analysis of the irrigation water revealed higher limits of Mn (0.06 mg/L), Fe (1.94 mg/L), Cd (1.29 mg/L), Cr (3.14 mg/L) and Ni (1.23 mg/L). Geo-accumulation Index showed a moderate and heavy level of contamination in orchard soils (Igeo. <1, 2). Higher uptakes of Mn (0.81) and Cu (0.87) were calculated in wheat crops of orchards through Transfer Factor (TF). Based on the observations, it is concluded that metals enrichment in orchard fields can be attributed due to excessive applications of fungicide sprays, fertilizers and contaminated water sources that introduce trace-elements into the soil and are subsequently absorbed by plants. Therefore, it is considered important to take appropriate measures to monitor the soils, crops and water for different micronutrients.