bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Boron‐Doped MnO2 and Its Decolorization Performance
Authors: Sun Ming , Lin Ting , Cheng Gao , Ye Fei , Yu Lin
Published: October 2014

To functionalize MnO2 with foreign ions is one of the commonly used methods to improve the adsorption/oxidation properties of MnO2. Boron‐doped MnO2 was prepared by the reaction of MnSO4, KMnO4, and boric acid by a facile hydrothermal method. Boron‐MnO2 was characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high‐resolution TEM (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction pattern (SAED), and X‐ray photo‐electron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. The characterization of XPS and EDX confirms that boron has been doped into MnO2, but the boron dopant has no obvious effect on the crystallization of MnO2 as shown by the results of XRD and Raman characterization. The boron‐doped MnO2 nanorods display high performance in the methyl orange degradation with a decolorization degree of 90% in 2 min (5% B‐MnO2 dosage, 5 mg; methyl orange concentration, 20 mg L−1).
Sperm RNA as a Mediator of Genomic Plasticity
Authors: Miller David
Published: October 2014

Sperm RNA has been linked recently to trans-generational, non-Mendelian patterns of inheritance. Originally dismissed as “residual” to spermatogenesis, some sperm RNA may have postfertilization functions including the transmission of acquired characteristics. Sperm RNA may help explain how trans-generational effects are transmitted and it may also have implications for assisted reproductive technologies (ART) where sperm are subjected to considerable, ex vivo manual handling. The presence of sperm RNA was originally a controversial topic because nuclear gene expression is switched off in the mature mammalian spermatozoon. With the recent application of next generation sequencing (NGS), an unexpectedly rich and complex repertoire of RNAs has been revealed in the sperm of several species that makes its residual presence counterintuitive. What follows is a personal survey of the science behind our understanding of sperm RNA and its functional significance based on experimental observations from my laboratory as well as many others who have contributed to the field over the years and are continuing to contribute today. The narrative begins with a historical perspective and ends with some educated speculation on where research into sperm RNA is likely to lead us in the next 10 years or so.
Thermodynamic Modeling of Hydrogen Storage Capacity in Mg-Na Alloys
Authors: Abdessameud S. , Mezbahul-Islam M. , Medraj M.
Published: October 2014

Thermodynamic modeling of the H-Mg-Na system is performed for the first time in this work in order to understand the phase relationships in this system. A new thermodynamic description of the stable NaMgH3hydride is performed and the thermodynamic models for the H-Mg, Mg-Na, and H-Na systems are reassessed using the modified quasichemical model for the liquid phase. The thermodynamic properties of the ternary system are estimated from the models of the binary systems and the ternary compound using CALPHAD technique. The constructed database is successfully used to reproduce the pressure-composition isotherms for MgH2 + 10 wt.% NaH mixtures. Also, the pressure-temperature equilibrium diagram and reaction paths for the same composition are predicted at different temperatures and pressures. Even though it is proved that H-Mg-Na does not meet the DOE hydrogen storage requirements for onboard applications, the best working temperatures and pressures to benefit from its full catalytic role are given. Also, the present database can be used for thermodynamic assessments of higher order systems.
Sexual Shape Dimorphism of the Mangrove CrabUcides cordatus(Linnaeus, 1763) (Decapoda, Ucididae) Accessed through Geometric Morphometric
Authors: Alencar C. E. R. D. , Lima-Filho P. A. , Molina W. F. , Freire F. A. M.
Published: October 2014

Sexual dimorphism is often observed in Crustaceans. Considering the great diversity of this subphylum, only few reports are found in the literature and most are mainly based on traditional morphometry. The present study uses geometric morphometrics analysis to identify sexual dimorphism by shape variation in the overexploited semiterrestrial crabUcides cordatus, species with great social and economic importance in South America. Comparative morphology analyses were performed by using the outer face of the propodus of major cheliped, dorsal and anterior region of carapace shape. Significant differences in shape between sexes were detected in these body areas. The causes of dimorphism presented in this species are not clear but, analogous to other possibly associated species, it may be inferred that the causes are with adaptations to body ability of reproductive potential (females), and of reproductive behaviour and agonistics encounters (males). Additional analyses on courtship displays and other reproductive aspects should provide better comprehension of functionality of this morphological differentiation.
Aerobic Training Modulates the Effects of Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress on PON1 Activity: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Otocka-Kmiecik Aneta , Lewandowski Marek , Szkudlarek Urszula , Nowak Dariusz , Orlowska-Majdak Monika
Published: October 2014

The aim of the study was to compare the effect of maximal exercise (ME) on paraoxonase (PON) and arylesterase (ARE) activity depending on lifestyle in respect to physical activity. The study was performed on 46 young men divided into two groups: sedentary (S) and physically active (PA). All participants performed ME on a treadmill. PON1 activities, FRAP, uric acid, bilirubin, TBARS, and lipid profile were determined in their blood before, at the bout of, and after ME. No significant differences in PON1 activities were found between S and PA subjects at baseline. Nearly all biochemicals increased at ME in both groups. Both PON and ARE activity increased at the bout of ME in PA subjects and only ARE activity in S subjects. ARE/HDL-C ratio increased at the bout of ME in PA and S subjects. The difference in PON1 activity response to ME between study groups may be a result of adaptation of PA subjects to regular physical activity. We suggest that PON1 activity may be a marker of antioxidant protection at ME and an indicator of adaptation to exercise.
Downregulation of Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Maturity Onset Diabetes of Young Pathways in Human Pancreatic Islets from Hyperglycemic Donors
Authors: Taneera Jalal , Storm Petter , Groop Leif
Published: October 2014

Although several molecular pathways have been linked to type 2 diabetes (T2D) pathogenesis, it is uncertain which pathway has the most implication on the disease. Changes in the expression of an entire pathway might be more important for disease pathogenesis than changes in the expression of individual genes. To identify the molecular alterations in T2D, DNA microarrays of human pancreatic islets from donors with hyperglycemian=20and normoglycemian=58were subjected to Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). About 178 KEGG pathways were investigated for gene expression changes between hyperglycemic donors compared to normoglycemic. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) pathways are downregulated in hyperglycemic donors, while proteasome and spliceosome pathways are upregulated. The mean centroid of gene expression of T2DM and MODY pathways was shown to be associated positively with insulin secretion and negatively with HbA1c level. To conclude, downregulation of T2DM and MODY pathways is involved in islet function and might be involved in T2D. Also, the study demonstrates that gene expression profiles from pancreatic islets can reveal some of the biological processes related to regulation of glucose hemostats and diabetes pathogenesis.
Investigation of a New Handover Approach in LTE and WiMAX
Authors: Hindia Mohammad Nour , Reza Ahmed Wasif , Noordin Kamarul Ariffin
Published: October 2014

Nowadays, one of the most important challenges in heterogeneous networks is the connection consistency between the mobile station and the base stations. Furthermore, along the roaming process between the mobile station and the base station, the system performance degrades significantly due to the interferences from neighboring base stations, handovers to inaccurate base station and inappropriate technology selection. In this paper, several algorithms are proposed to improve mobile station performance and seamless mobility across the long-term evolution (LTE) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) technologies, along with a minimum number of redundant handovers. Firstly, the enhanced global positioning system (GPS) and the novel received signal strength (RSS) prediction approaches are suggested to predict the target base station accurately. Then, the multiple criteria with two thresholds algorithm is proposed to prioritize the selection between LTE and WiMAX as the target technology. In addition, this study also covers the intercell and cochannel interference reduction by adjusting the frequency reuse ratio 3 (FRR3) to work with LTE and WiMAX. The obtained results demonstrate high next base station prediction efficiency and high accuracy for both horizontal and vertical handovers. Moreover, the received signal strength is kept at levels higher than the threshold, while maintaining low connection cost and delay within acceptable levels. In order to highlight the combination of the proposed algorithms’ performance, it is compared with the existing RSS and multiple criteria handover decision algorithms.
Inflammatory Pseudotumor Containing Necrotizing Granulomatous Lesions of Kidney: A Hitherto Undescribed Entity
Authors: Terada Tadashi
Published: October 2014

Herein reported is a case of inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) of kidney. It is not described in WHO, AFIP, and other books. A review of the literature revealed about 35 cases. A 76-year-old man underwent nephrectomy under clinical diagnosis of renal pelvic carcinoma. Grossly, a solid tumor was seen in renal parenchyma. Microscopically, it was composed of spindle cell tissue with inflammation and many necrotizing granulomas. Epithelioid histiocytes were abundant but giant cells were few. Lymphocytes and plasma cells were also seen. The features suggested tuberculosis (TB), but Ziehl-Neelsen stains and PCR revealed no TB bacillus. Immunohistochemistry showed that the tumor spindle cells were positive for vimentin, CD68, CD45, and Ki-67 (labeling = 18%), α-smooth muscle antigen, and NSE. Focal staining of KIT (mast cells), S100 protein (Langerhans cells), and CD10 (spindle cells) was present. IgG4 was negative. The tumor spindle cells were negative for other antigens examined.
Serum-Free Medium Optimization Based on Trial Design and Support Vector Regression
Authors: Xu Jian , Yan Fang-rong , Li Zhi-hui , Wang Deng , Sheng Hai-lin , Liu Yu
Published: October 2014

The Plackett-Burman design and support vector machine (SVM) were reported to be used on many fields such as some feature selections, protein structure prediction, or forecasting of other situations. Here, with suspension adapted Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells as the object of study, a serum-free medium for the culture of CHO cells in suspension was optimized by this method. Support vector machine based on genetic algorithm was used to predict the growth rate of CHO and prove the results from the trial designs. Experimental results indicated that ZnSO4, transferrin, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were important ones. The same conclusion was arrived at when the support vector regression model analyzed the experimental results. With the methods mentioned, the influence of 7 medium supplements on the growth of CHO cells in suspension was evaluated efficiently.
Microwave Irradiation of Nanohydroxyapatite from Chicken Eggshells and Duck Eggshells
Authors: Sajahan Nor Adzliana , Wan Ibrahim Wan Mohd Azhar
Published: October 2014

Due to similarity in composition to the mineral component of bones and human hard tissues, hydroxyapatite with chemical formula Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2has been widely used in medical field. Both chicken and duck eggshells are mainly composed of calcium carbonate. An attempt has been made to fabricate nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) by chicken (CES) and duck eggshells (DES) as calcium carbonate source (CaCO3). CES and DES were reacted with diammonium hydrogen [(NH4)2HPO4] solution and subjected to microwave heating at 15 mins. Under the effect of microwave irradiation, nHA was produced directly in the solution and involved in crystallographic transformation. Sample characterization was done using by X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Environmentally Related Diseases and the Possibility of Valuation of Their Social Costs
Authors: Hajok Ilona , Marchwińska Ewa , Dziubanek Grzegorz , Kuraszewska Bernadeta , Piekut Agata
Published: October 2014

The risks of the morbidity of the asbestos-related lung cancer was estimated in the general population of Poles as the result of increased exposure to asbestos fibers during the removal of asbestos-cement products and the possibility of the valuation of the social costs related to this risk. The prediction of the new incidences was made using linear regression model. The forecast shows that to the end of 2030 about 3,500 new cases of lung cancer can be expected as a result of occupational exposure to asbestos in the past which makes together with paraoccupational exposure about 14.000 new cases. The forecast shows the increasing number of asbestos-related lung cancer in Poland and indicates the priority areas where preventive action should be implemented.
Intravenous Flat-Detector Computed Tomography Angiography for Symptomatic Cerebral Vasospasm following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Jeon Jin Pyeong , Sheen Seung Hun , Cho Yong-Jun
Published: October 2014

The study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of intravenous flat-detector computed tomography (IV FDCT) angiography in assessing hemodynamically significant cerebral vasospasm in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) as the reference. DSA and IV FDCT were conducted concurrently in patients suspected of having symptomatic cerebral vasospasm postoperatively. The presence and severity of vasospasm were estimated according to location (proximal versus distal). Vasospasm >50% was defined as having hemodynamic significance. Vasospasms <30% were excluded from this analysis to avoid spectrum bias. Twenty-nine patients (311 vessel segments) were measured. The intra- and interobserver agreements were excellent for depicting vasospasm (k=0.84and 0.74, resp.). IV FDCT showed a sensitivity of 95.7%, specificity of 92.3%, positive predictive value of 93.6%, and negative predictive value of 94.7% for detecting vasospasm (>50%) with DSA as the reference. Bland-Altman plots revealed good agreement of assessing vasospasm between the two tests. The discrepancy of vasospasm severity was more noted in the distal location with high-severity. However, it was not statistically significant (Spearman’s rank test;r=0.15,P=0.35). Therefore, IV FDCT could be a feasible noninvasive test to evaluate suspected significant vasospasm in SAH.
Incidence and Evaluation of Incidental Abnormal Bone Marrow Signal on Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Shah Gunjan L. , Rosenberg Aaron S. , Jarboe Jamie , Klein Andreas , Cossor Furha
Published: October 2014

Purpose. The increased use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has resulted in reports of incidental abnormal bone marrow (BM) signal. Our goal was to determine the evaluation of an incidental abnormal BM signal on MRI and the prevalence of a subsequent oncologic diagnosis.Methods. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients over age 18 undergoing MRI between May 2005 and October 2010 at Tufts Medical Center (TMC) with follow-up through November 2013. The electronic medical record was queried to determine imaging site, reason for scan, evaluation following radiology report, and final diagnosis.Results. 49,678 MRIs were done with 110 patients meeting inclusion criteria. Twenty two percent underwent some evaluation, most commonly a complete blood count, serum protein electrophoresis, or bone scan. With median follow-up of 41 months, 6% of patients were diagnosed with malignancies including multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkins lymphoma, metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, and metastatic adenocarcinoma. One patient who had not undergone evaluation developed breast cancer 24 months after the MRI.Conclusions. Incidentally noted abnormal or heterogeneous bone marrow signal on MRI was not inconsequential and should prompt further evaluation.
Preparation and Property of Mo-Doped Visible-Light Response Titaniumdioxide Photocatalyst
Authors: Li Yingying , Song Xianliang , Wei Zhedong , Zhang Jianguang , Qin Lijuan , Ye Shengying
Published: October 2014

Mo-titaniumdioxide (P25) photocatalyst with visible-light response was prepared with the ammonium molybdate for Mo source and titaniumdioxide for the raw materials by the method of dissolving and calcining. The photocatalysts’ structure was characterized by XRD, XPS, and UV-Vis absorption spectrum and TEM. The photocatalytic activities of Mo-titaniumdioxide were measured by the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible-light irradiation. The results showed that Mo characteristic peaks appeared at the point of 235.45 eV, 234.2 eV, 232.3 eV, and 231.1 eV. In Mo-titaniumdioxide crystal lattice, Mo6+had the highest percentage (about 84.08%), indicating that Mo element was inserted into titaniumdioxide crystal lattice and considerable amount of Mo dopant was in the 6+ valence state, which restrained the recombination of electron-hole and had the visible-light photocatalytic activity. Photocatalytic degradation study indicated that the samples prepared at calcination temperature of 500°C were used to degrade MB; after 3 h, the degradation reached up to 80.67%.
Nonlinear Nanofluid Flow over Heated Vertical Surface with Sinusoidal Wall Temperature Variations
Authors: Motsa S. S. , Awad F. G. , Khumalo M.
Published: October 2014

The nonlinear density temperature variations in two-dimensional nanofluid flow over heated vertical surface with a sinusoidal wall temperature are investigated. The model includes the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis. Using the boundary layer approximation, the two-dimensional momentum, heat, and mass transfer equations are transferred to nonlinear partial differential equations form and solved numerically using a new method called spectral local linearisation method. The effects of the governing parameters on the fluid properties and on the heat and nanomass transfer coefficients are determined and shown graphically.
Sex Ratio Estimations of Loggerhead Sea Turtle Hatchlings at Kuriat Islands, Tunisia: Can Minor Nesting Sites Contribute to Compensate Globally Female-Biased Sex Ratio?
Authors: Jribi Imed , Bradai Mohamed Nejmeddine
Published: October 2014

Hatchling sex ratios in the loggerhead turtleCaretta carettawere estimated by placing electronic temperature recorders in seven nests at Kuriat islands (Tunisia) during the 2013 nesting season. Based on the mean temperatures during the middle third of the incubation period, and on incubation duration, the sex ratio of hatchlings at Kuriat islands was highly male-biased. Presently, the majority of hatchling sex ratio studies are focused on major nesting areas, whereby the sex ratios are universally believed to be heavily female-biased. Here we present findings from a minor nesting site in the Mediterranean, where the hatchling sex ratio was found to be male-biased, suggesting a potential difference between major and minor nesting sites.
Cytotoxicity of Doxycycline Effluent Generated by the Fenton Process
Authors: Borghi Alexandre Augusto , Oliveira-Nascimento Laura , Stephano Marco Antônio , Monteiro de Souza Paula , Converti Attilio , Alves Palma Mauri Sérgio
Published: October 2014

This study aims at determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration withEscherichia coliATCC 25922 and cytotoxicity to L929 cells (ATCC CCL-1) of the waste generated by doxycycline degradation by the Fenton process. This process has shown promise in this treatment thanks mainly to the fact that the waste did not show any relevant inhibitory effect on the test organism and no cytotoxicity to L-929 cells, thus demonstrating that the antibiotic properties were inactivated.
The Immunological Enhancement Activity of Propolis Flavonoids Liposome In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Tao Yang , Wang Deqing , Hu Yuanliang , Huang Yee , Yu Yun , Wang Deyun
Published: October 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate and assess the effects of propolis flavonoids liposome imposed on the immune system by comparing it to propolis flavonoids and blank liposome. In vitro, the effects of the above drugs on macrophages were assessed by measuring the phagocytic function and cytokine production. In vivo, the immunological adjuvant activity of propolis flavonoids liposome was compared with those of propolis flavonoids and blank liposome. The results showed that in vitro propolis flavonoids liposome can significantly enhance the phagocytic function of macrophages and the release of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and IFN‐γ. In addition, subcutaneous administration of propolis flavonoids liposome with ovalbumin to mice could effectively activate the cellular and humoral immune response, including inducing higher level concentrations of IgG, IL‐4, and IFN‐γ in serum and the proliferation rates of splenic lymphocytes. These findings provided valuable information regarding the immune modulatory function of propolis flavonoids liposome and indicated the possibility of use of propolis flavonoids liposome as a potential adjuvant.
Preparation, Characterization, and Bioactivity of Chitosan Microspheres Containing Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor
Authors: Lv Bo , Wang Yue , Chen Wei
Published: October 2014

The aim of this study is to evaluate, prepare, and characterize bioactivity of chitosan microspheres loaded with bFGF for providing sustained release of bFGF. Porous chitosan microspheres were prepared by freeze‐drying process based on the interaction between chitosan and tripolyphosphate (TPP). The bFGF‐loaded chitosan microspheres were well interconnected and have a narrow size distribution, spherical shape, and positive surface charges. The bFGF‐loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency were 7.57 mg/g and 95.1%, respectively. Results of in vitro release showed that the extent of release was 82.1% at Day 25. Schwann cells were used as an in vitro model for cell response to bFGF and bFGF‐loaded chitosan microspheres. Results indicated that the number, cell viability, and percentage of cells G2/M+S phase in the bFGF groups are higher than those in the bFGF‐loaded chitosan microspheres groups before culturing for 2 days. However, the number, cell viability, and percent of cells G2/M+S phase in the bFGF‐loaded chitosan microspheres groups are significantly higher than those in the bFGF groups after culture for 4 and 8 days. These findings indicated that bFGF‐loaded chitosan microspheres may help to decrease the release of bFGF and provide a suitable three‐dimensional environment for cell growth and proliferation.
Axially Ligated Zirconium(IV) Tetraphenylporphyrin: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activity
Authors: Bajju Gauri D. , Anand Sunil Kumar , Devi Gita
Published: October 2014

A series of 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphinatozirconium(IV) acetylacetonatophenolates containing different phenols as axial ligands [Zr(TPP)(Y)(X)] (TPP = 5,10.15,20-tetraphenyl-21H, 23H-porphine; Y = acac; X = different phenolates) have been synthesized and characterized by various spectrochemical studies. The complexes were also screened for antimicrobial activities. Antifungal activity of some adducts has been carried out against the fungal strain Sclerotium rolfsii. Most of the complexes have shown good antibacterial activity.
Contralateral Abdominal Pocketing in Salvation of Replanted Fingertips with Compromised Circulation
Authors: Shim Hyung-Sup , Kim Dong-Hwi , Kwon Ho , Jung Sung-No
Published: October 2014

Abdominal pocketing is one of the most useful methods in salvation of compromised replanted fingertips. Abdominal pocketing has generally been performed in the ipsilateral lower abdominal quadrant, but we have also performed contralateral pocketing at our institute. To determine which approach is more beneficial, a total of 40 patients underwent an abdominal pocketing procedure in either the ipsilateral or contralateral lower abdominal quadrant after fingertip replantation. Dates of abdominal pocketing after initial replantation, detachment after abdominal pocketing, range of motion (ROM) before abdominal pocketing, and sequential ROM after the detachment operation and date of full ROM recovery and Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire (DASH) score were recorded through medical chart review. Mean detachment date, mean abduction of shoulder after the detachment operation, and mean days to return to full ROM were not significantly different between the ipsilateral and contralateral pocketing groups. However, the mean DASH score was significantly lower in the contralateral group than the ipsilateral group. There were also fewer postoperative wound complications in the contralateral group than in the ipsilateral group. We, therefore, recommend contralateral abdominal pocketing rather than ipsilateral abdominal pocketing to increase patient comfort and reduce pain and complications.
Strategic Wholesale Pricing for an Incumbent Supplier Facing with a Competitive Counterpart
Authors: Sun Jianwu
Published: October 2014

We introduce a wholesale pricing strategy for an incumbent supplier facing with a competitive counterpart. We propose a profit function which considers both the present loss and future loss from a wholesale price and then study the optimal wholesale prices for different objectives about this profit function for the incumbent supplier. First, we achieve an optimal wholesale price for the incumbent supplier to maximize his expected profit. Then, to reduce the risk originating from the fluctuation in the competitive supplier’s wholesale price, we integrate the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) measure in financial risk management into this study and derive an optimal wholesale price to maximize CVaR about profit for the incumbent supplier. Besides, the properties of the two optimal wholesale prices are discussed. Finally, some management insights are suggested for the incumbent supplier in a competitive setting.
Bone-Implant Contact around Crestal and Subcrestal Dental Implants Submitted to Immediate and Conventional Loading
Authors: Pontes Ana Emília Farias , Ribeiro Fernando Salimon , Iezzi Giovanna , Pires Juliana Rico , Zuza Elizangela Partata , Piattelli Adriano , Marcantonio Junior Elcio
Published: October 2014

The present study aims to evaluate the influence of apicocoronal position and immediate and conventional loading in the percentage of bone-implant contact (BIC). Thus, 36 implants were inserted in the edentulous mandible from six dogs. Three implants were installed in each hemimandible, in different positions in relation to the ridge: Bone Level (at crestal bone level), Minus 1 (one millimeter apical to crestal bone), and Minus 2 (two millimeters apical to crestal bone). In addition, each hemimandible was submitted to a loading protocol: immediate (prosthesis installed 24 hours after implantation) or conventional (prosthesis installed 120 days after implantation). Ninety days after, animals were killed, and implant and adjacent tissues were prepared for histometric analysis. BIC values from immediate loaded implants were 58.7%, 57.7%, and 51.1%, respectively, while conventional loaded implants were 61.8%, 53.8%, and 68.4%. Differences statistically significant were not observed among groups (P=0.10, ANOVA test). These findings suggest that different apicocoronal positioning and loading protocols evaluated did not interfere in the percentage of bone-implant contact, suggesting that these procedures did not jeopardize osseointegration.
East China Sea Storm Surge Modeling and Visualization System: The Typhoon Soulik Case
Authors: Deng Zengan , Zhang Feng , Kang Linchong , Jiang Xiaoyi , Jin Jiye , Wang Wei
Published: October 2014

East China Sea (ECS) Storm Surge Modeling System (ESSMS) is developed based on Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS). Case simulation is performed on the Typhoon Soulik, which landed on the coastal region of Fujian Province, China, at 6 pm of July 13, 2013. Modeling results show that the maximum tide level happened at 6 pm, which was also the landing time of Soulik. This accordance may lead to significant storm surge and water level rise in the coastal region. The water level variation induced by high winds of Soulik ranges from −0.1 to 0.15 m. Water level generally increases near the landing place, in particular on the left hand side of the typhoon track. It is calculated that 0.15 m water level rise in this region can cause a submerge increase of ~0.2 km2, which could be catastrophic to the coastal environment and the living. Additionally, a Globe Visualization System (GVS) is realized on the basis of World Wind to better provide users with the typhoon/storm surge information. The main functions of GVS include data indexing, browsing, analyzing, and visualization. GVS is capable of facilitating the precaution and mitigation of typhoon/storm surge in ESC in combination with ESSMS.
Direct and Indirect Suppression of Interleukin-6 Gene Expression in Murine Macrophages by Nuclear Orphan Receptor REV-ERBα
Authors: Sato Shogo , Sakurai Takuya , Ogasawara Junetsu , Shirato Ken , Ishibashi Yoshinaga , Oh-ishi Shuji , Imaizumi Kazuhiko , Haga Shukoh , Hitomi Yoshiaki , Izawa Tetsuya , Ohira Yoshinobu , Ohno Hideki , Kizaki Takako
Published: October 2014

It is now evident that many nuclear hormone receptors can modulate target gene expression. REV-ERBα, one of the nuclear hormone receptors with the capacity to alter clock function, is critically involved in lipid metabolism, adipogenesis, and the inflammatory response. Recent studies suggest that REV-ERBαplays a key role in the mediation between clockwork and inflammation. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the role of REV-ERBαin the regulation ofinterleukin-6(il6) gene expression in murine macrophages. REV-ERBαagonists, or overexpression ofrev-erbαin the murine macrophage cell line RAW264 cells, suppressed the induction ofil6mRNA following a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin challenge. Also,rev-erbαoverexpression decreased LPS-stimulated nuclear factorκB (NFκB) activation in RAW264 cells. We showed that REV-ERBαrepressesil6expression not only indirectly through an NFκB binding motif but also directly through a REV-ERBαbinding motif in the murineil6promoter region. Furthermore, peritoneal macrophages from mice lackingrev-erbαincreasedil6mRNA expression. These data suggest that REV-ERBαregulates the inflammatory response of macrophages through the suppression ofil6expression. REV-ERBαmay therefore be identified as a potent anti-inflammatory receptor and be a therapeutic target receptor of inflammatory diseases.
Titanium Dioxide as a Catalyst Support in Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Bagheri Samira , Muhd Julkapli Nurhidayatullaili , Bee Abd Hamid Sharifah
Published: October 2014

The lack of stability is a challenge for most heterogeneous catalysts. During operations, the agglomeration of particles may block the active sites of the catalyst, which is believed to contribute to its instability. Recently, titanium oxide (TiO2) was introduced as an alternative support material for heterogeneous catalyst due to the effect of its high surface area stabilizing the catalysts in its mesoporous structure. TiO2supported metal catalysts have attracted interest due to TiO2nanoparticles high activity for various reduction and oxidation reactions at low pressures and temperatures. Furthermore, TiO2was found to be a good metal oxide catalyst support due to the strong metal support interaction, chemical stability, and acid-base property. The aforementioned properties make heterogeneous TiO2supported catalysts show a high potential in photocatalyst-related applications, electrodes for wet solar cells, synthesis of fine chemicals, and others. This review focuses on TiO2as a support material for heterogeneous catalysts and its potential applications.
Radiolabeled Apoptosis Imaging Agents for Early Detection of Response to Therapy
Authors: Ogawa Kazuma , Aoki Miho
Published: October 2014

Since apoptosis plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis and is associated with responses to therapy, molecular imaging of apoptotic cells could be useful for early detection of therapeutic effects, particularly in oncology. Radiolabeled annexin V compounds are the hallmark in apoptosis imagingin vivo. These compounds are reviewed from the genesis of apoptosis (cell death) imaging agents up to recent years. They have some disadvantages, including slow clearance and immunogenicity, because they are protein-based imaging agents. For this reason, several studies have been conducted in recent years to develop low molecule apoptosis imaging agents. In this review, radiolabeled phosphatidylserine targeted peptides, radiolabeled bis(zinc(II)-dipicolylamine) complex, radiolabeled 5-fluoropentyl-2-methyl-malonic acid (ML-10), caspase-3 activity imaging agents, radiolabeled duramycin, and radiolabeled phosphonium cation are reviewed as promising low-molecular-weight apoptosis imaging agents.
Oral Crest Lengthening for Increasing Removable Denture Retention by Means of CO2Laser
Authors: Nammour Samir , Gerges Elie , Bou Tayeh Rima , Zeinoun Toni
Published: October 2014

The loss of teeth and their replacement by artificial denture is associated with many problems. The denture needs a certain amount of ridge height to give it retention and a long-term function. Crest lengthening procedures are performed to provide a better anatomic environment and to create proper supporting structures for more stability and retention of the denture. The purpose of our study is to describe and evaluate the effectiveness of CO2laser-assisted surgery in patients treated for crest lengthening (vestibular deepening). There have been various surgical techniques described in order to restore alveolar ridge height by pushing muscles attaching of the jaws. Most of these techniques cause postoperative complications such as edemas, hemorrhage, pain, infection, slow healing, and rebound to initial position. Our clinical study describes the treatment planning and clinical steps for the crest lengthening with the use of CO2laser beam (6–15 Watts in noncontact, energy density range: 84.92–212.31 J/cm2, focus, and continuous mode with a focal point diameter of 0.3 mm). At the end of each surgery, dentures were temporarily relined with a soft material. Patients were asked to mandatorily wear their relined denture for a minimum of 4–6 weeks and to remove it for hygienic purposes. At the end of each surgery, the deepest length of the vestibule was measured by the operator. No sutures were made and bloodless wounds healed in second intention without grafts. Results pointed out the efficiency of the procedure using CO2laser. At 8 weeks of post-op, the mean of crest lengthening was stable without rebound. Only a loss of 15% was noticed. To conclude, the use of CO2laser is an effective option for crest lengthening.
Short Course High Dose Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Stavas Mark J. , Shinohara Eric T. , Attia Albert , Ning Matthew S. , Friedman Jeffrey M. , Cmelak Anthony J.
Published: October 2014

Purpose. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare but aggressive tumor with limited survival. To date, the ideal radiation treatment schedule, one that balances limited survival with treatment efficacy, remains undefined. In this retrospective series we investigate the effectiveness and tolerability of hypofractionated radiation therapy in the treatment of ATC.Methods. 17 patients with biopsy proven ATC treated between 2004 and 2012 were reviewed for outcomes and toxicity. All patients received short course radiation.Results. The most commonly prescribed dose was 54 Gy in 18 fractions. Median survival was 9.3 months. 47% of patients were metastatic at diagnosis and the majority of patients (88%) went on to develop metastasis. Death from local progression was seen in 3 patients (18%), 41% experienced grade 3 toxicity, and there were no grade 4 toxicities.Conclusions. Here we demonstrated the safety and feasibility of hypofractionated radiotherapy in the treatment of ATC. This approach offers shorter treatment courses (3-4 weeks) compared to traditional fractionation schedules (6-7 weeks), comparable toxicity, local control, and the ability to transition to palliative care sooner. Local control was dependent on the degree of surgical debulking, even in the metastatic setting.
A Novel Approach for Development and Characterization of Effective Mosquito Repellent Cream Formulation Containing Citronella Oil
Authors: Yadav Narayan Prasad , Rai Vineet Kumar , Mishra Nidhi , Sinha Priyam , Bawankule Dnyaneshwar Umrao , Pal Anirban , Tripathi Arun Kumar , Chanotiya Chandan Singh
Published: October 2014

Citronella essential oil (CEO) has been reported as an excellent mosquito repellent; however, mild irritancy and rapid volatility limit its topical application. It was aimed to develop a nonirritant, stable, and consistent cream of CEO with improved residence time on skin using an industrial approach. Phase inversion temperature technique was employed to prepare the cream. It was optimized and characterized based on sensorial evaluation, emulsification, and consistency in terms of softness, greasiness, stickiness, and pH. The optimum batch (B5) was evaluated for viscosity (90249.67 ± 139.95 cP), texture profile with respect to firmness (38.67 ± 0.88 g), spreadability (70.33 ± 0.88 mJ), and extrudability (639.67 ± 8.09 ± 0.1 mJ) using texture analyzer along with two most popular marketed products selected as reference standard. Subsequently, B5 was found to be stable for more than 90 days and showed enhanced duration of mosquito repellency as compared to CEO. HS-GC ensured the intactness of CEO in B5. Investigated primary irritation index (PII 0.45) positioned B5 into the category of irritation barely perceptible. The pronounced texture profile and stability of B5 with extended residence time and less PII revealed its potential application in industry and offered a promising alternative to the marketed products of synthetic origin.
Loop Assisted Synchronization-Free Localization for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks
Authors: Zhang Song , Li Deshi , Li Lei , Liao Zilong
Published: October 2014

Underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) have attracted significant attention recently. Localization is one of the most important issues associated with UASNs. Most of the existing underwater localization algorithms require time synchronization. However, time synchronization is difficult to be achieved in the underwater networks. The beam width and three-dimensional direction of underwater acoustic sensor nodes are ignored by the existing underwater localization algorithms. This will increase the difficulty to avoid time synchronization. We develop a loop assisted synchronization-free localization to achieve synchronization-free localization algorithm when taking into account the beam width and direction of the underwater nodes. We propose link detection stage to get link state information (symmetry and length). In addition we introduce a loop-assisted localization method to solve the problem of asymmetric link ranging without time synchronization. Finally, we propose an intersections based location estimation mechanism for error problem in practical measurement and we improve the localization accuracy. The simulation results and experimental results verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed work.
Two-Element Tapered Slot Antenna Array for Terahertz Resonant Tunneling Diode Oscillators
Authors: Li Jianxiong , Li Yunxiang , Shi Weiguang , Jiang Haolin , Mao Luhong
Published: October 2014

Two-element tapered slot antenna (TSA) array for terahertz (THz) resonant tunneling diode (RTD) oscillators is proposed in this paper. The proposed TSA array has the advantages of both the high directivity and high gain at the horizontal direction and hence can facilitate the horizontal communication between the RTD oscillators and other integrated circuit chips. A MIM (metal-insulator-metal) stub with a T-shaped slot is used to reduce the mutual coupling between the TSA elements. The validity and feasibility of the proposed TSA array have been simulated and analyzed by the ANSYS/ANSOFT’s High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). Detailed modeling approaches and theoretical analysis of the proposed TSA array have been fully addressed. The simulation results show that the mutual coupling between the TSA elements is reduced below −40 dB. Furthermore, at 500 GHz, the directivity, the gain, and the half power beam width (HPBW) at theE-plane of the proposed TSA array are 12.18 dB, 13.09 dB, and 61°, respectively. The proposed analytical method and achieved performance are very promising for the antenna array integrated with the RTD oscillators at the THz frequency and could pave the way to the design of the THz antenna array for the RTD oscillators.
Validation of a Spanish Version of the Lille Apathy Rating Scale for Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: García-Ramos Rocio , Villanueva Iza Clara , Catalán María José , Reig-Ferrer Abilio , Matías-Guíu Jorge
Published: October 2014

Introduction. To date, no rating scales for detecting apathy in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients have been validated in Spanish. For this reason, the aim of this study was to validate a Spanish version of Lille apathy rating scale (LARS) in a cohort of PD patients from Spain.Participants and Methods. 130 PD patients and 70 healthy controls were recruited to participate in the study. Apathy was measured using the Spanish version of LARS and the neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI). Reliability (internal consistency, test-retest, and interrater reliability) and validity (construct, content, and criterion validity) were measured.Results. Interrater reliability was 0.93. Cronbach’sαfor LARS was 0.81. The test-retest correlation coefficient was 0.97. The correlation between LARS and NPI scores was 0.61. The optimal cutoff point under the ROC curve was-14, whereas the value derived from healthy controls was-11. The prevalence of apathy in our population tested by LARS was 42%.Conclusions. The Spanish version of LARS is a reliable and useful tool for diagnosing apathy in PD patients. Total LARS score is influenced by the presence of depression and cognitive impairment. However, both disorders are independent identities with respect to apathy. The satisfactory reliability and validity of the scale make it an appropriate instrument for screening and diagnosing apathy in clinical practice or for research purposes.
Evaluation of Coupled Model Forecasts of Ethiopian Highlands Summer Climate
Authors: Jury Mark R.
Published: October 2014

This study evaluates seasonal forecasts of rainfall and maximum temperature across the Ethiopian highlands from coupled ensemble models in the period 1981–2006, by comparison with gridded observational products (NMA + GPCC/CRU3). Early season forecasts from the coupled forecast system (CFS) are steadier than European community medium range forecast (ECMWF). CFS and ECMWF April forecasts of June–August (JJA) rainfall achieve significant fit (r2=0.27, 0.25, resp.), but ECMWF forecasts tend to have a narrow range with drought underpredicted. Early season forecasts of JJA maximum temperature are weak in both models; hence ability to predict water resource gains may be better than losses. One aim of seasonal climate forecasting is to ensure that crop yields keep pace with Ethiopia’s growing population. Farmers using prediction technology are better informed to avoid risk in dry years and generate surplus in wet years.
Safety Evaluation of Multiple Strains ofLactobacillus plantarumandPediococcus pentosaceusin Wistar Rats Based on the Ames Test and a 28-Day Feeding Study
Authors: Tsai Cheng-Chih , Leu Sew-Fen , Huang Quan-Rong , Chou Lan-Chun , Huang Chun-Chih
Published: October 2014

Three lactic acid bacterial strains,Lactobacillus plantarum, HK006, and HK109, andPediococcus pentosaceusPP31 exhibit probiotic potential as antiallergy agents, both in vitro and in vivo. However, the safety of these new strains requires evaluation when isolated from infant faeces or pickled cabbage. Multiple strains (HK006, HK109, and PP31) were subject to a bacterial reverse mutation assay and a short-term oral toxicity study. The powder product exhibited mutagenic potential inSalmonellaTyphimurium strains TA98 and TA1535 (with or without metabolic activation). In the short-term oral toxicity study, rats received a normal dosage of 390 mg/kg/d (approximately9×109 CFU/kg/d) or a high dosage of 1950 mg/kg/d (approximately4.5×1010 CFU/kg/d) for 28 d. No adverse effects were observed regarding the general condition, behaviour, growth, feed and water consumption, haematology, clinical chemistry indices, organ weights, or histopathologic analysis of the rats. These studies have demonstrated that the consumption of multiple bacterial strains is not associated with any signs of mutagenicity ofS.Typhimurium or toxicity in Wistar rats, even after consuming large quantities of bacteria.
Prognostic Value of Rab27B Nuclear Expression in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
Authors: Wang Wei , Ni Qichao , Wang Hua , Zhang Shu , Zhu Huijun
Published: October 2014

Rab proteins of the endocytosis and exocytosis pathways both play critical roles in cancer progression, and Rab27B has a significant relationship with several types of human cancer. However, the association between Rab27B expression and clinical features to determine its clinicopathological significance in gastrointestinal tumor (GIST) has not been investigated. To examine the expression of Rab27B in GIST and investigate the association between its expression and patient prognosis, immunohistochemistry analysis with tissue microarray was used to evaluate expression of Rab27B in 162 patients with GIST. The relationship between Rab27B expression and patient prognosis was analyzed. High nuclear staining of Rab27B was detected in 88 of 162 (54.32%) GIST tissues. Positive staining of Rab27B was significantly associated with tumor size (P=0.006), mitotic index (P=0.013), Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Miettinen risk classification (P=0.002), and tumor grade (P=0.021). Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that GIST patients with low Rab27B nuclear expression (P=0.038) and mitotic index <5 per 50 high-power fields (P=0.029) had a more favorable prognosis. These findings indicate that Rab27B nuclear expression is correlated with several clinicopathological features of GIST patients, and it may serve as an unfavorable prognostic marker.
Antitumor Activity of Monoterpenes Found in Essential Oils
Authors: Sobral Marianna Vieira , Xavier Aline Lira , Lima Tamires Cardoso , de Sousa Damião Pergentino
Published: October 2014

Cancer is a complex genetic disease that is a major public health problem worldwide, accounting for about 7 million deaths each year. Many anticancer drugs currently used clinically have been isolated from plant species or are based on such substances. Accumulating data has revealed anticancer activity in plant-derived monoterpenes. In this review the antitumor activity of 37 monoterpenes found in essential oils is discussed. Chemical structures, experimental models, and mechanisms of action for bioactive substances are presented.