bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of 5‐Substituted 2‐Amino‐4‐chloro‐8‐( (4‐methoxy‐3,5‐dimethylpyridin‐2‐yl)methyl)‐7,8‐dihydropteridin‐6 (5H)‐ones as Potent and Selective Hsp90 Inhibitors.
Authors: Li Xiaoyuan , Shocron Ellyn , Song Aimin , Patel Neela , Sun Connie L.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkylidenesilacyclopropanes Derived from Allenes: Applications to the Selective Synthesis of Triols and Homoallylic Alcohols.
Authors: Buchner Kay M. , Clark Timothy B. , Loy Janice M. N. , Nguyen Thong X. , Woerpel K. A.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: ZnO Nanoparticles as an Efficient Catalyst for the One‐Pot Synthesis of α‐Amino Phosphonates.
Authors: Kassaee Mohammad Zaman , Movahedi Farnaz , Masrouri Hassan
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Claisen Ring Expansion Approach Toward the CDEF Ring System of Lancifodilactone G.
Authors: Paquette Leo A. , Lai Kwong Wah
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: JBIR‐17, a Novel Trichostatin Analogue from Streptomyces sp. 26634.
Authors: Ueda Jun‐ya , Hwang Ji‐Hwan , Maeda Satoko , Kato Taira , Ochiai Atsushi , Isshiki Kunio , Yoshida Minoru , Takagi Motoki , Shin‐ya Kazuo
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of β‐Amino Disulfides, Cystines, and Their Direct Incorporation into Peptides.
Authors: Nasir Baig R. B. , Kanimozhi Catherine K. , Sai Sudhir V. , Chandrasekaran Srinivasan
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Memory of Chirality in the Electrochemical Oxidation of N‐o‐Phenylbenzoylated Prolinols.
Authors: Wanyoike George Ng'aNg'a , Matsumura Yoshihiro , Onomura Osamu
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Determination of the Absolute Stereochemistry, and Evaluations at the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors of a Hydroxyindolizidine Alkaloid from the Ant Myrmicaria melanogaster.
Authors: Toyooka Naoki , et al. et al.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Novel anti‐Propionibacterium acnes Compound, Sargafuran, Found in the Marine Brown Alga Sargassum macrocarpum.
Authors: Kamei Yuto , Sueyoshi Miyuki , Hayashi Ken‐ichiro , Terada Ryuta , Nozaki Hiroshi
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Antineoplastic Agents. Part 575. The Fungus Aspergillus phoenicis
Authors: Pettit George R. , Du Jiang , Pettit Robin K. , Knight John C. , Doubek Dennis L.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Na‐A and/or Na‐X Zeolite/Porous Carbon Composites from Carbonized Rice Husk.
Authors: Katsuki Hiroaki , Komarneni Sridhar
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Soft Langmuir—Blodgett Technique for Hard Nanomaterials
Authors: Acharya Somobrata , Hill Jonathan P. , Ariga Katsuhiko
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of the Solvent Water in Two‐Phase Telomerization Reactions and Recycling of the Homogeneous Palladium Catalysts
Authors: Behr Arno , Leschinski Julia
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal—Organic Macrocycles, Metal—Organic Polyhedra and Metal—Organic Frameworks
Authors: Prakash M. Jaya , Lah Myoung Soo
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Boronic Acids — Properties and Applications
Authors: Cuthbertson Eric
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Product Class 3: Cyclic Allenes
Authors: Kawase T.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Five‐ and Six‐Membered Heterocyclic Rings under Radical Cyclisation Conditions
Authors: Majumdar Krishna C. , Basu Pradipta Kumar , Gonzalez Asensio
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Allenes in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Tius M. A.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Interaction Studies of the Volumetric Behavior of Binary Liquid Mixtures Containing Alcohols
Authors: Djordjevic Bojan D. , Radovic Ivona R. , Kijevcanin Mirjana L. J. , Tasic Aleksandar Z. , Serbanovic Slobodan P.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanostructuring Polymers with Cyclodextrins
Authors: Tonelli A. E.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanostructured Self‐Assembly Materials Formed by Non‐Ionic Urea Amphiphiles
Authors: Gong Xiaojuan , Sagnella Sharon , Drummond Calum J.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Process Selection of Biosolids: Management Systems
Authors: Shammas Nazih K. , Wang Lawrence K.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Use of (S)‐BINOL as NMR chiral solvating agent for the enantiodiscrimination of omeprazole and its analogs
Authors: Redondo Jordi , Capdevila Anna , Latorre Isabel
Published: September 2009

The application of (S)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐diol as NMR chiral solvating agent (CSA) for omeprazole, and three of its analogs (lanso‐, panto‐, and rabe‐prazole) was investigated. The formation of diastereomeric host–guest complexes in solution between the CSA and the racemic substrates produced sufficient NMR signal splitting for the determination of enantiomeric excesses by 1H‐ or 19F‐NMR spectroscopy. Using of hydrophobic deuterated solvents was mandatory for obtaining good enantiodiscrimination, thus suggesting the importance of intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the stabilization of the complexes. The method was applied to the fast quantification of the enantiomeric purity of in‐process samples of S‐omeprazole. Chirality, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Circular dichroism spectra, optical rotations and absolute configurations of cis‐dihydrodiol metabolites of quinoline and derivatives: The role of the nitrogen atom
Authors: Kwit Marcin , Gawronski Jacek , Sbircea Lenuta , Sharma Narain D. , Kaik Magdalena , Boyd Derek R.
Published: September 2009

The absolute configurations of cis‐dihydrodiol bacterial metabolites derived from quinoline substrates and their quinolinium salts have been determined by comparison of experimental and calculated chiroptical data (circular dichroism spectra and optical rotations). The role of intramolecular H‐bonding and other interactions in the preferred conformations has been investigated, including the effect of protonation of several cis‐dihydrodiols. The presence of a strong intramolecular OH···N bond in several cis‐dihydrodiol metabolites suggests that such species have a residually chiral oxygen atom. Chirality 21:E37–E47, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Theoretical approaches to the calculation of Raman optical activity spectra
Authors: Ruud Kenneth , Thorvaldsen Andreas J.
Published: September 2009

In this article, we will give a brief account of the different approaches that have been presented in the literature for calculating Raman optical activity (ROA) spectra by ab initio methods. We will also outline the general structure of a self‐consistent‐field‐based approach for analytic calculations of ROA spectra, including also contributions from London orbitals. The use of London orbitals ensures that the relevant ROA parameters are gauge origin independent. We will also give an outlook on the future of ab initio calculations of Raman optical activity spectra. Chirality 21:E54–E67, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
From Structure–Activity to Structure–Selectivity Relationships: Quantitative Assessment, Selectivity Cliffs, and Key Compounds
Authors: Peltason Lisa , Hu Ye , Bajorath Jürgen
Published: September 2009

The exploration of structure–activity relationships (SARs) in chemical lead optimization is mostly focused on activity against single targets. Because many active compounds have the potential to act against multiple targets, achieving a sufficient degree of target selectivity often becomes a major issue during optimization. Herein we report a data analysis approach to explore compound selectivity in a systematic and quantitative manner. Sets of compounds that are active against multiple targets provide a basis for exploring structure–selectivity relationships (SSRs). Compound similarity and selectivity data are analyzed with the aid of network‐like similarity graphs (NSGs), which organize molecular networks on the basis of similarity relationships and SAR index (SARI) values. For this purpose, the SARI framework has been adapted to quantify SSRs. Using sets of compounds with differential activity against four cathepsin thiol proteases, we show that SSRs can be quantitatively described and categorized. Furthermore, local SSR environments are identified, the analysis of which provides insight into compound selectivity determinants at the molecular level. These environments often contain “selectivity cliffs” formed by pairs or groups of similar compounds with significantly different selectivity. Moreover, key compounds are identified that determine characteristic features of single‐target SARs and dual‐target SSRs. The comparison of compounds involved in the formation of selectivity cliffs often reveals chemical modifications that render compounds target selective.
Virtual‐core flow cytometry
Authors: Swalwell Jarred E. , Petersen Timothy W. , van den Engh Ger
Published: September 2009

Traditional flow cytometers use a sheath fluid to position particles or cells for cytometric measurements, but the need for sheath fluid greatly complicates flow cytometric instrumentation. A cytometric detector that is free of the requirements of sheath fluid can simplify the design of flow cytometers and can extend their use into a number of areas. We designed a flow cytometer that uses a combination of three photodetectors to sense the position of a particle in sample stream. The position‐sensitive detectors create a virtual core in the sample stream that eliminates the need for sheath fluid. In this article, we demonstrate the efficacy of a virtual‐core flow cytometer (VCFC) using test particles, immunofluorescently labeled thymocytes, and raw seawater. The VCFC performs accurate measurements that can be used for a number of uses including environmental monitoring or simple immunology tests. © 2009 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Alloantigen‐specific de novo‐induced Foxp3+ Treg revert in vivo and do not protect from experimental GVHD
Authors: Koenecke Christian , Czeloth Niklas , Bubke Anja , Schmitz Susanne , Kissenpfennig Adrien , Malissen Bernard , Huehn Jochen , Ganser Arnold , Förster Reinhold , Prinz Immo
Published: September 2009

Induced antigen‐specific Foxp3+ T cells (iTreg) are being discussed as a promising alternative to polyclonal natural Foxp3+ T cells (nTreg) for cell‐based therapies, particularly to achieve transplantation tolerance. Using Foxp3eGFP‐reporter mice, we here establish an efficient protocol to induce and expand alloantigen‐specific iTreg from Foxp3−CD4+ T cells with cluster‐disrupted DC. These iTreg were mainly CD62L+ and showed efficient suppressive activity in vitro. However, in contrast to nTreg, adoptively transferred iTreg entirely failed to prevent lethal graft versus host disease (GVHD). Within irradiated recipients, the majority of adoptively transferred Foxp3+ iTreg, but not Foxp3+ nTreg quickly reverted to Foxp3−CD4+ T cells. We therefore suggest that therapeutic approaches to treat GVHD should rely on nTreg, whereas the use of de novo alloantigen‐induced iTreg should be handled with caution since the stability of the regulatory phenotype of the iTreg could be of major concern.
Evidence that cathelicidin peptide LL‐37 may act as a functional ligand for CXCR2 on human neutrophils
Authors: Zhang Zhifang , Cherryholmes Gregory , Chang Frances , Rose David M. , Schraufstatter Ingrid , Shively John E.
Published: September 2009

LL‐37, derived from human cathelicidin, stimulates immune responses in neutrophils. Although FPR2 and P2X7 were proposed as LL‐37 receptors, we have shown that among 21 neutrophil receptors only CXCR2 was down‐regulated by LL‐37. LL‐37 functions similarly to CXCR2‐specific chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL7 in terms of receptor down‐regulation and intracellular calcium mobilization on freshly isolated neutrophils. Neutrophils pretreated with CXCL8, a chemokine that binds both CXCR1/2, completely blocked the calcium mobilization in response to LL‐37, while LL‐37 also partially inhibited 125I‐CXCL8 binding to neutrophils. SB225002, a selective CXCR2 antagonist, blocked LL‐37‐induced calcium mobilization and migration of neutrophils. LL‐37 stimulates calcium mobilization in CXCR2‐transfected HEK293 cells, CXCR2+ THP‐1 cells and monocytes, but not in CXCR1‐transfected HEK293 cells. WKYMVm peptide (ligand for FPR2) does not block LL‐37‐stimulated calcium flux in either THP‐1 (FPR2−) or monocytes (FPR2high), further confirming the specificity of LL‐37 for CXCR2 and not FPR2. Among all ligands tested (ATP, BzATP, WKYMVm, CXCL1, and LL‐37), only LL‐37 stimulated migration of monocytes (CXCR2+ and FPR2+) and migration was inhibited by the CXCR2 inhibitor SB225002. Moreover, CXCR2 but not CXCR1 was internalized in LL‐37‐treated neutrophils. Thus, our data provide evidence that LL‐37 may act as a functional ligand for CXCR2 on human neutrophils.
Insertion of CO and Strained Olefins into Organometallic (Ferrocenylmethyl)phosphane Palladium Complexes
Authors: Dell'Anna Maria Michela , Giardina‐Papa Daniela , Ibáñez Susana , Martín Antonio , Mastrorilli Piero , Nobile Cosimo Francesco , Peruzzini Maurizio
Published: September 2009

The reaction of [Pd(cod)(CH3)Cl] (cod = 1,5‐cyclooctadiene) with the primary phosphane (ferrocenylmethyl)phosphane (PH2CH2Fc, 1, 2 equiv.) affords trans‐[Pd(PH2CH2Fc)2(CH3)Cl] (2) in 95 % yield. The intermediate chlorido‐bridged dinuclear complex [Pd(PH2CH2Fc)(CH3)(μ‐Cl)]2 (3) is traversed along the formation of 2. Complex 3 may be isolated as a mixture of anti‐3a and syn‐3b isomers by treating [Pd(cod)(CH3)Cl] with 1 (1 equiv.). For comparison, the analogous reactions of 1 with [Pt(cod)(CH3)Cl] gives [Pt(PH2CH2Fc)2(CH3)Cl] as a mixture of cis‐4a and trans‐4b geometric isomers, regardless of the P/Pt molar ratio used. The insertion (at 1 atm and 253 K) of CO into the methyl–Pd bonds of either 2 or 3 gives the acetyl Pd complexes trans‐[Pd(PH2CH2Fc)2(COCH3)Cl] (5) and anti‐[Pd(PH2CH2Fc)(COCH3)(μ‐Cl)]2 (6), respectively. The process leading from 3 to 6 occurs without fragmentation of the dinuclear core of the complexes, lending support to an associative mechanism with CO binding to the metal. Complex 6 undergoes facile insertion of strained olefins, such as norbornadiene or norbornene, into the acetyl–palladium bond, giving the complexes [Pd(κ2C,O‐C7H8C(O)CH3)(Cl)(PH2CH2Fc)] (7) and [Pd(κ2C,O‐C7H10C(O)CH3)(Cl)(PH2CH2Fc)] (8), respectively. Complexes 3 were tested as precatalysts for the vinylic polymerization of norbornene at 253 K, as well as for the alternate copolymerization of carbon monoxide with norbornene.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Characteristic Structures and Photophysical Properties of Nine‐Coordinate Europium(III) Complexes with Tandem‐Connected Tridentate Phosphane Oxide Ligands
Authors: Miyata Kohei , Hasegawa Yasuchika , Kuramochi Yusuke , Nakagawa Tetsuya , Yokoo Toshiaki , Kawai Tsuyoshi
Published: September 2009

Structures and photophysical properties of f‐block metal complexes with tandem‐connected tridentate phosphane oxide ligands, {bis[o‐(diphenylphosphoryl)phenyl]phenylphosphane oxide}tris(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)europium(III) [Eu(hfa)3(DPPPO)], {bis[o‐(diphenylphosphoryl)pyridyl]phenylphosphane oxide}tris(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)europium(III) [Eu(hfa)3(DPPYPO)] and {bis[o‐(diphenylphosphoryl)benzothienyl]phenylphosphane oxide}tris(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)europium(III) [Eu(hfa)3(DPBTPO)], are reported. The coordination geometries of Eu(hfa)3(DPPPO) and Eu(hfa)3(DPBTPO) provide characteristic distorted, capped square antiprism structures with nine‐coordinate oxygen atoms. The emission properties related to the electric transition are characterized by the emission spectra, the emission quantum yields, the emission lifetimes, and the radiative and non‐radiative rate constants. EuIII complexes with tridentate phosphane oxide ligands offer relatively high emission quantum yields (> 60 % in [D6]acetone) due to their low‐symmetric and low‐frequency vibrational structures. The electric dipole transition intensities in the emission spectra depend on the chemical structures of tridentate phosphane oxides. The characteristic photophysical properties of polyhedral f‐block metal complexes, nine‐coordinate EuIII complexes with tridentate phosphane oxide, are demonstrated for the first time.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Synthesis and structural consideration of 1‐chloro‐N,N′,N″‐tris(pentafluorophenyl)azagermatrane: Azagermatrane with the shortest intramolecular N → Ge bond
Authors: Lermontova El'mira Kh. , Churakov Andrei V. , Howard Judith A. K. , Oprunenko Yuri F. , Karlov Sergey S. , Zaitseva Galina S.
Published: September 2009

Two compounds of a novel‐type azagermatrane, N(CH2CH2NC6F5)3Ge‐Hal: HalCl (1), Br (2), were prepared via a metathetical reaction of trilithium salt of tetramine, N[CH2CH2N(Li)C6F5]3, with corresponding GeHal4. A single crystal structure of 1 was determined by the X‐ray diffraction study: The compound shows the strongest transannular Nax → Ge interaction (2.148(7) Å) among other studied azagermatranes. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:738–741, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20476
5‐phosphorylated 1,2‐disubstituted imidazoles
Authors: Yurchenko A. A. , Huryeva A. N. , Zarudnitskii E. V. , Marchenko A. P. , Koidan G. N. , Pinchuk A. M.
Published: September 2009

1,2‐Disubstituted imidazoles react with phosphorus(III) halides in pyridine regioselectively at position 5. The reaction proceeds the more readily, the higher the electron‐donating ability of the 2‐substituent in the starting imidazole. Hitherto unknown dihalo(imidazol‐5‐yl)phosphines have been obtained, and their properties have been studied. Also synthetic methods for the preparation of various monohalo(organyl)(imidazolyl)phosphines have been developed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 20:289–308, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20550
Decreased Survival of Subjects With Elevated Liver Function Tests During A 28-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Söderberg Cecilia , Stål Per , Askling Johan , Glaumann Hans , Lindberg Greger , Marmur Joel , Hultcrantz Rolf
Published: September 2009

The long-term survival of subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in comparison with both individuals with elevated transaminases attributable to other causes and the general poulation is poorly characterized. This study was undertaken to determine the frequency of NAFLD in a cohort of subjects who underwent liver biopsy from 1980 to 1984 because of elevated liver enzymes, and to assess mortality among subjects with NAFLD in comparison with the general Swedish population. The 256 subjects (61% men) had a mean age of 45 ± 12 years at the inclusion. Liver biopsies were blindly scored for NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Causes of death were ascertained from the national Swedish Cause of Death Registry. Fatty liver was detected in 143 of the 256 subjects, including 25 (10%) with alcoholic fatty liver disease and 118 (46%) exhibiting NAFLD. Of those, 51 (20%) were classified as NASH and 67 (26%) as nonalcoholic bland steatosis. Cirrhosis was present in 9% at inclusion. During the follow-up period, 113 (44%) of the total population and 47 (40%) of the 118 subjects diagnosed with NAFLD died. Of the 113 deaths, 37 were of cardiovascular disease and 16 of liver diseases. Compared with the total Swedish population, adjusted for sex, age, and calendar period, subjects with NAFLD exhibited a 69% increased mortality (standardized mortality ratio [SMR] = 1.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24–2.25); subjects with bland steatosis, a 55% increase (SMR, 1.55; 95% CI, 0.98–2.32;

P

= 0.062); and subjects with NASH, 86% (SMR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.19–2.76;

P

= 0.007).

Conclusion:

Patients with NASH are at increased risk of death compared with the general population. Liver disease is the third most common cause of death among patients with NAFLD. (Hepatology 2009.)
Corneal epithelial cell adhesion and growth on EGF‐modified aminated PDMS
Authors: Klenkler Bettina J. , Dwivedi Dhruva , West‐Mays Judith A. , Sheardown Heather
Published: September 2009

Growth factor tethering has significant potential to mediate cellular responses in biomaterials and tissue engineering. We have previously demonstrated that epidermal growth factor (EGF) can be tethered to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates and that these surfaces promoted interactions with human corneal epithelial cellsin vitro. The goal of the current work was to better understand the specific effects of the tethered growth factor on the cells. The EGF was reacted with a homobifunctionalN‐hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivative, and then bound to allyamine plasma‐modified PDMS. Human corneal epithelial cells were seeded on the surfaces and cultured in serum‐free medium for periods of up to 5 days. Cell growth was monitored and quantified by trypsinization and counting with a Coulter counter. Expression of matrix proteins and α6‐integrins was assessed by immunostaining and confocal microscopy. A centrifugation assay was used to determine cell adhesion under an applied detachment force. Binding of EGF was found to significantly increase cell numbers and coverage across the surfaces at 5 days of culturein vitro. Immunofluorescence experiments indicate increased expression of fibronectin, laminin, and α6‐integrins on the EGF‐modified surfaces, and expression is localized at the cell‐material interface as observed by confocal microscopy. In accordance with these results, the highest quantity of adherent cells is found on the EGF‐modified subtrates at 5 days of culture. The results provide initial evidence that binding of EGF may be used to improve the epithelialization of and the adhesion of the cells on a polymeric artificial cornea device. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Fast and simple method for the determination of urinary 1‐hydroxypyrene
Authors: Cahours Xavier , Blanchet Maryline , Rey Miguel
Published: September 2009

A fast method for the measurement of metabolites of pyrene in urine was improved by HPLC with fluorescence detector using “heart‐cut” technique. This method can quantify the total amount of pyrene metabolites corresponding to glucuronic acid and sulfate conjugates as well as free 1‐OH‐Py. The hydrolyzed biological fluid was directly injected into the chromatographic system, via a column‐switching system. Pre‐treatment and analysis were performed within 0.5 and 9 min, respectively. Enzymatic hydrolysis has been optimized to not exceed 2 h. The best response function, in the 0.2–10 ng/mL range, is the linear regression, bringing simplicity, good accuracy, and low LOQ. The intra‐ and interday precision values were inferior to 1 and 2%, respectively. The proposed method provided a simple, convenient, and practical procedure to determine the level of the main urinary pyrene metabolites in biological samples.
Photo‐Polymerization of Amphiphilic N,O‐diacylated Serine‐Based Monomers in their Micellar States for an Encapsulation
Authors: Tomatsu Itsuro , Hashidzume Akihito , Harada Akira
Published: September 2009

The photo‐polymerization of amphiphilic monomers, two isomers of N,O‐diacylated serine (AM and EM), has been studied. Self‐assembling properties of the monomers were characterized in aqueous media by NMR and fluorescence techniques. These data show that both can form micellar structures by forming hydrophobic cores from both of the polymerizable and alkyl groups. Photo‐polymerizations of AM and EM were performed in their micellar and solution states. In the micellar states, polymerizations proceeded rapidly and reached almost complete conversion within 1 h, while those in DMSO solutions did not. Comparing the polymers obtained, we concluded that EM was more useful for further applications mainly because of the solubility of the resulting polymer. Based on DLS data, the resulting EM‐polymer micelle had a diameter of ca. 20 nm, about ten times larger than the original micelle. Furthermore, preliminary experiments indicated that the micellar state polymerization of EM afforded an encapsulation of pyrene in a stable hydrophobic domain.

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PCL‐Isocyanate: A New, Degradable Macromolecular Synthon for the Synthesis of Polymeric Bioconjugates
Authors: Blanquer Sébastien , Garric Xavier , Coudane Jean
Published: September 2009

A new route to poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) conjugates is described. It is based on successive reactions: the formation of a polycarboxylated PCL via an anionic carboxylation of PCL, the activation of the carboxylic acid group via an acyl chloride group, the conversion of the acyl chloride group to an azide group and finally the formation of an isocyanate group by the Curtius rearrangement. The various steps were monitored using FTIR spectroscopy. To exemplify the potential of the method, isocyanated poly(ε‐caprolactone) was reacted with UV–absorbing, model, alcohol‐ and amine‐bearing small molecules that were bound to the PCL skeleton via carbamate or urea bonds, respectively. FTIR spectroscopy, SEC with refractometric/photodiode‐array double detection, and 1H NMR spectroscopy were used to assess the effective binding of the drug models on the polymeric backbone. The thermal transitions of the conjugates were characterized using DSC.

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The Self‐Assembled Structure of the Diblock Copolymer PCL‐b‐P4VP Transforms Upon Competitive Interactions with Octaphenol Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane
Authors: Lu Chu‐Hua , Kuo Shiao‐Wei , Chang Wen‐Teng , Chang Feng‐Chih
Published: September 2009

This paper describes the miscibility and self‐assembly, mediated by hydrogen‐bonding interactions, of new block copolymer/nanoparticle blends. The morphologies adopted by the immiscible poly[(ε‐caprolactone)‐block‐(4‐vinyl pyridine)] (PCL‐b‐P4VP) diblock copolymer changes upon increasing the number of competitive hydrogen‐bonding interactions after adding increasing amounts of octaphenol polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OP‐POSS). Transmission electron microscopy reveals morphologies that exhibit high degrees of long‐range order, such as cylindrical and spherical structures, at relatively low OP‐POSS contents, and short‐range order or disordered structures at higher OP‐POSS contents. Analyses performed using differential scanning calorimetry, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, and FT‐IR spectroscopy provide positive evidence that the pyridyl units of the P4VP block are significantly stronger hydrogen‐bond acceptors toward the OH group of OP‐POSS than are the CO groups of the PCL block, thereby resulting in excluded and confined PCL phases.

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Camptocormia as a presentation of generalized inflammatory myopathy
Authors: KUO Sheng‐Han , Vullaganti Mithila , Jimenez‐Shahed Joohi , Kwan Justin Y.
Published: September 2009

Camptocormia is an abnormal truncal flexion posture that occurs while walking or standing. It is usually caused by various hypokinetic movement disorders such as Parkinson disease and multiple system atrophy. Myopathy or motor neuron disease can also be infrequent causes of camptocormia. Paraspinous muscle biopsy usually reveals focal myositis, regardless of the etiology of camptocormia. We describe the first case of generalized inflammatory myopathy with prominent camptocormia and proximal muscle weakness. Muscle biopsy of the quadriceps confirmed the diagnosis of polymyositis, and the posture showed modest improvement in response to steroid treatment. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Effect of superficial peroneal nerve fascial penetration site on nerve conduction studies
Authors: Park Geun‐Young , Im Sun , Lee Jong‐In , Lim Seong‐Hoon , Ko Young‐Jin , Chung Myung‐Eun , Hong Bo‐Young , Kim Hye‐Won
Published: September 2009

Using nerve conduction studies (NCS) and ultrasonography, we sought to determine the stimulation site that corresponds to the site at which the superficial peroneal nerve (SPN) penetrates the fascia and yields the most accurate NCS results. NCS parameters of the SPN sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) were recorded from 37 legs at 14, 12, 9, 7, and 5 cm (S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5, respectively) proximal to the recording electrode, and analyzed by one‐way analysis of variance. SPN penetration sites were visualized by ultrasonography. The mean SNAP amplitude/area (17.2 ± 6.7 μV/9.6 ± 4.6 μV/ms) at S3–S5 differed significantly from that at S1–S2 (11.6 ± 4.7 μV/9.2 ± 4.4 μV/ms) (F = 10.2, P < 0.001; F = 5.09, P = 0.0007). Ultrasonography showed that the SPN became subcutaneous between S3 and S4. Clinical application of these results should help in obtaining more accurate data during electrodiagnostic studies of conditions that involve the SPN. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Face‐to‐face donor cancellation rates (attrition): establishing a benchmark
Authors: Fleming Morag , Tappin Rupert
Published: September 2009

Face‐to‐face fundraising, both on the street and on the doorstep, has taken place in the UK for well over a decade. Its success can be said to be dependent on the balance between acquisition costs and income generated for the charity. Whilst the former is easy to measure, the latter has proven much harder to predict. This paper reports the results of a survey of the payment behaviour of over 377 000 face‐to‐face recruited regular giving donors, to 30 charities. Whilst charity brand awareness was found not to have a significant impact on levels of attrition, the region in which campaigns were run, together with the level of the ask and the cause of the charity, were all found to have a significant effect on attrition. As a result of improvements in both attrition and average gift from 2004 to 2006, charities have reported increased income from their street and door face‐to‐face campaigns.

Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An improved strategy for tandem affinity purification‐tagging of Schizosaccharomyces pombe genes
Authors: Cipak Lubos , Spirek Mario , Novatchkova Maria , Chen Zhiming , Rumpf Cornelia , Lugmayr Wolfgang , Mechtler Karl , Ammerer Gustav , Csaszar Edina , Gregan Juraj
Published: September 2009

Tandem affinity purification (TAP) is a method that allows rapid purification of native protein complexes. We developed an improved technique to fuse the fission yeast genes with a TAP tag. Our technique is based on tagging constructs that contain regions homologous to the target gene cloned into vectors carrying a TAP tag. We used this technique to design strategies for TAP‐tagging of predicted Schizosaccharomyces pombe genes (http://mendel.imp.ac.at/Pombe_tagging/). To validate the approach, we purified the proteins, which associated with two evolutionarily conserved proteins Swi5 and Sfr1 as well as three protein kinases Ksg1, Orb6 and Sid1.
Upc2p‐associated differential protein expression in Candida albicans
Authors: Hoehamer Christopher F. , Cummings Edwin D. , Hilliard George M. , Morschhäuser Joachim , David Rogers Phillip
Published: September 2009

The gain‐of‐function mutation G648D in UPC2 causes ERG11 up‐regulation and increased fluconazole resistance in Candida albicans. In this study, we performed 2‐DE and PMF to identify proteomic alterations in an ERG11‐overexpressing fluconazole‐resistant C. albicans clinical isolate compared with its fluconazole‐susceptible parent strain. We identified 23 differentially expressed proteins, and among them, seven became differentially expressed in a C. albicans wild‐type strain after the introduction of a UPC2 allele carrying this mutation. These Upc2p‐regulated proteins may contribute to fluconazole resistance in C. albicans.
A novel and efficient tool for locating and characterizing protein cavities and binding sites
Authors: Tripathi Ashutosh , Kellogg Glen E.
Published: September 2009

Systematic investigation of a protein and its binding site characteristics are crucial for designing small molecules that modulate protein functions. However, fundamental uncertainties in binding site interactions and insufficient knowledge of the properties of even well‐defined binding pockets can make it difficult to design optimal drugs. Herein, we report the development and implementation of a cavity detection algorithm built with HINT toolkit functions that we are naming Vectorial Identification of Cavity Extents (VICE). This very efficient algorithm is based on geometric criteria applied to simple integer grid maps. In testing, we carried out a systematic investigation on a very diverse data set of proteins and protein–protein/protein–polynucleotide complexes for locating and characterizing the indentations, cavities, pockets, grooves, channels, and surface regions. Additionally, we evaluated a curated data set of unbound proteins for which a ligand‐bound protein structures are also known; here the VICE algorithm located the actual ligand in the largest cavity in 83% of the cases and in one of the three largest in 90% of the cases. An interactive front‐end provides a quick and simple procedure for locating, displaying and manipulating cavities in these structures. Information describing the cavity, including its volume and surface area metrics, and lists of atoms, residues, and/or chains lining the binding pocket, can be easily obtained and analyzed. For example, the relative cross‐sectional surface area (to total surface area) of cavity openings in well‐enclosed cavities is 0.06 ± 0.04 and in surface clefts or crevices is 0.25 ± 0.09. Proteins 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reputation management in collaborative computing systems
Authors: Arenas Alvaro E. , Aziz Benjamin , Silaghi Gheorghe Cosmin
Published: September 2009

In collaborative systems, a set of organizations shares their computing resources, such as compute cycles, storage space or on‐line services, in order to establish Virtual Organizations (VOs) aimed at achieving common tasks. The formation and operation of Virtual Organizations involve establishing trust among their members and reputation is one measure by which such trust can be quantified and reasoned about. In this paper, we contribute to research in the area of trust for collaborative computing systems along two directions: first, we provide a survey on the main reputation‐based systems that fulfil the trust requirements for collaborative systems, including reputation systems designed for e‐commerce, agent‐based environments, and Peer‐to‐Peer computing and Grid‐based systems. Second, we present a model for reputation management for Grid Virtual Organizations that is based on utility computing and that can be used to rate users according to their resource usage and resources and their providers according to the quality of service they deliver. We also demonstrate, through Grid simulations, how the model can be used in improving completion and welfare in Virtual Organizations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate Renal Fibrosis Through Immune Modulation and Remodeling Properties in a Rat Remnant Kidney Model
Authors: Semedo Patricia , Correa-Costa Matheus , Antonio Cenedeze Marcos , Maria Avancini Costa Malheiros Denise , Antonia dos Reis Marlene , Shimizu Maria Heloisa , Seguro Antonio Carlos , Pacheco-Silva Alvaro , Saraiva Ĉamara Niels Olsen
Published: September 2009

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have regenerative properties in acute kidney injury, but their role in chronic kidney diseases is still unknown. More specifically, it is not known whether MSCs halt fibrosis. The purpose of this work was to investigate the role of MSCs in fibrogenesis using a model of chronic renal failure. MSCs were obtained from the tibias and femurs of male Wistar-EPM rats. Female Wistar rats were subjected to the remnant model, and 2|×|105 MSCs were intravenously administrated to each rat every other week for 8 weeks or only once and followed for 12 weeks. SRY gene expression was observed in female rats treated with male MSCs, and immune localization of CD73+CD90+ cells at 8 weeks was also assessed. Serum and urine analyses showed an amelioration of functional parameters in MSC-treated animals at 8 weeks, but not at 12 weeks. Masson's trichrome and Sirius red staining demonstrated reduced levels of fibrosis in MSC-treated animals. These results were corroborated by reduced vimentin, type I collagen, transforming growth factor β, fibroblast specific protein 1 (FSP-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and Smad3 mRNA expression and α smooth muscle actin and FSP-1 protein expression. Renal interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor α mRNA expression levels were significantly decreased after MSC treatment, whereas IL-4 and IL-10 expression levels were increased. All serum cytokine expression levels were decreased in MSC-treated animals. Taken together, these results suggested that MSC therapy can indeed modulate the inflammatory response that follows the initial phase of a chronic renal injury. The immunosuppressive and remodeling properties of MSCs may be involved in the decreased fibrosis in the kidney.

Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Reliability study in five languages of the translation of the pain behavioural scale Doloplus®
Authors: Pickering G. , Gibson S.J. , Serbouti S. , Odetti P. , Gonçalves J. Ferraz , Gambassi G. , Guarda H. , Hamers J.P. , Lussier D. , Monacelli F. , Garrote J.M. Pérez‐Castejón , Zwakhalen S.M. , Barneto D. , Doloplus® Collectif , Wary B.
Published: September 2009

Non‐verbal pain assessment scales are useful tools for pain evaluation in persons with communication disorders and moderate–severe dementia. The Doloplus® was one of the first scales to be developed and validated as a pain assessment tool in older adults with dementia. This study aims at evaluating the translation of the Doloplus® scale in five languages, as regards test–retest and inter‐rater reliability. Results show that both tests are good or excellent for the English, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish versions and moderate for the Dutch version. These results bring a unique opportunity to include the translated Doloplus® scale in daily assessment of elderly persons with communication disorders, and future studies should focus on enriching the validation of the scale in each language.
Immunotherapy in the landscape of new targeted treatments for non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Gérard Catherine , Debruyne Channa
Published: September 2009

Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. Active immunotherapies and molecules targeting tyrosine kinase receptors both offer new avenues for the treatment of NSCLC. Furthermore, their combinations or their administration along with standard treatments enlarges the potential for clinical benefit. Moreover, the discovery of biomarkers predicting the response to these new therapies should allow a better selection of patients susceptible to optimally benefit from these treatments. In this paper, we review the most promising active immunotherapies, antibodies and small molecules in the context of NSCLC management, focusing on compounds in phase III clinical development.
The Population of the Piraeus in the Roman Period: A Re-Assessment of the Evidence of Funerary Inscriptions
Authors: GRIGOROPOULOS DIMITRIS
Published: September 2009

In 87–86 BCE, the Roman army under L. Cornelius Sulla invaded Attica and, after a long siege, sacked Athens and the Piraeus. In both ancient and modern eyes, Sulla's sack has been seen as a key event, which marked not only the end of Athenian independence but also the beginning of an irreversible decline for its port, the Piraeus, in antiquity. Ancient literary testimonies in the decades following the Sullan sack portray the Piraeus as an urban wasteland, crammed with ruins but devoid of life. Strabo, writing in the Augustan age, notes that the town of his time endured, but had shrunk between the two harbours (the Kantharos and Zea); Pausanias, writing later in the second century CE, mentions a number of monuments but pays more attention to the old, ‘Classical’, town than to the contemporary ‘Roman’ Piraeus. Rescue excavations in the last few decades have provided corroboration for Strabo's remark. Building remains dating to the Classical period (mainly the fourth century BCE) extend over a larger area than those of Roman date, which tend to concentrate on the isthmus between the Kantharos and Zea harbours. Nevertheless, more recent finds and a reconsideration of the available archaeological evidence has shown that settlement clustering around the main harbour did not result from the destruction of the port by Sulla but had started in Hellenistic times and was intensified in the Roman period.
Children as Actors: How Does the Child Perspectives Literature Treat Agency in the Context of Poverty?
Authors: Redmond Gerry
Published: September 2009

The purpose of this review is to examine agency in the worldwide literature on children's perspectives on poverty. By definition, asking children about their lives and responses to living in poverty assumes that they are competent actors – this is one of the positive features of the new and burgeoning literature on children's perspectives. Findings from research in poorer and richer countries are summarised and compared, and children's agency is categorised using frameworks proposed by Ruth Lister and John Micklewright into a number of different types, including self-exclusion, exclusion of children by other children, ‘getting by’, ‘getting (back) at’, ‘getting out’, and ‘getting organised’. The review concludes with suggestions on where more research is needed on children's agency in the context of poverty.