bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
User-Oriented Requirements for Artificial Intelligence–Based Clinical Decision Support Systems in Sepsis: Protocol for a Multimethod Research Project (Preprint)
Authors: Raszke Pascal , Giebel Godwin Denk , Abels Carina , Wasem Jürgen , Adamzik Michael , Nowak Hartmuth , Palmowski Lars , Heinz Philipp , Mreyen Silke , Timmesfeld Nina , Tokic Marianne , Brunkhorst Frank Martin , Blase Nikola
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Artificial intelligence (AI)–based clinical decision support systems (CDSS) have been developed for several diseases. However, despite the potential to improve the quality of care and thereby positively impact patient-relevant outcomes, the majority of AI-based CDSS have not been adopted in standard care. Possible reasons for this include barriers in the implementation and a nonuser-oriented development approach, resulting in reduced user acceptance.

OBJECTIVE

This research project has 2 objectives. First, problems and corresponding solutions that hinder or support the development and implementation of AI-based CDSS are identified. Second, the research project aims to increase user acceptance by creating a user-oriented requirement profile, using the example of sepsis.

METHODS

The research project is based on a multimethod approach combining (1) a scoping review, (2) focus groups with physicians and professional caregivers, and (3) semistructured interviews with relevant stakeholders. The research modules mentioned provide the basis for the development of a (4) survey, including a discrete choice experiment (DCE) with physicians. A minimum of 6667 physicians with expertise in the clinical picture of sepsis are contacted for this purpose. The survey is followed by the development of a requirement profile for AI-based CDSS and the derivation of policy recommendations for action, which are evaluated in a (5) expert roundtable discussion.

RESULTS

The multimethod research project started in November 2022. It provides an overview of the barriers and corresponding solutions related to the development and implementation of AI-based CDSS. Using sepsis as an example, a user-oriented requirement profile for AI-based CDSS is developed. The scoping review has been concluded and the qualitative modules have been subjected to analysis. The start of the survey, including the DCE, was at the end of July 2024.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of the research project represent the first attempt to create a comprehensive user-oriented requirement profile for the development of sepsis-specific AI-based CDSS. In addition, general recommendations are derived, in order to reduce barriers in the development and implementation of AI-based CDSS. The findings of this research project have the potential to facilitate the integration of AI-based CDSS into standard care in the long term.

CLINICALTRIAL

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/62704
Anticipated acceptability of blended learning among lay health care workers in Malawi: A qualitative analysis guided by the Technology Acceptance Model (Preprint)
Authors: Mbeya-Munkhondya Tiwonge E. , Meek Caroline J. , Mphande Mtisunge , Tembo Tapiwa A. , Chitani Mike J. , Jean-Baptiste Milenka , Kumbayo Caroline , Vansia Dhrutika , Simon Katherine R. , Rutstein Sarah E. , Mwapasa Victor , Go Vivian , Kim Maria H. , Rosenberg Nora E.
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

HIV index case testing (ICT) aims to identify people living with HIV (PLWH) and their contacts, engage them in HIV testing services, and link them to care. ICT implementation has faced challenges in Malawi due to limited counselling capacity among lay health care workers (HCWs). Enhancing capacity through centralized face-to-face training is logistically complex and expensive. A decentralized blended learning approach to HCW capacity-building, combining face-to-face and digital modalities, may be an acceptable way to address this challenge. This analysis describes factors influencing HCW anticipated acceptability of blended learning.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this analysis is to describe factors influencing HCW anticipated acceptability of blended learning.

METHODS

This formative qualitative study involved conducting twenty-six in-depth interviews (IDIs) with HCWs involved in the ICT program across 14 facilities in Machinga and Balaka, Malawi (November-December 2021). Results were analyzed thematically using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Themes were grouped into factors affecting the two sets of TAM constructs: perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use.

RESULTS

Factors influencing perceived usefulness included the opportunity for self-guided learning through digital portions and the opportunity for social exchange through face-to-face interactions. Factors influencing perceived ease of use included need for orientation to the digital technology, accessibility of devices, communication around training schedules, support for logistical arrangements to avoid work interruptions; and monetary compensation to motivate learning.

CONCLUSIONS

A decentralized blended learning approach may be an acceptable method of enhancing ICT knowledge and skills among HCWs in Malawi, although factors influencing acceptance of technology use need to be considered.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077706
José Luis Martínez, editor
Authors: Martínez Baracs Rodrigo
Published: May 2024

Discurso de ingreso de Rodrigo Martínez Baracs a la Academia Mexicana de la Lengua, el 25 de febrero de 2020. Da respuesta Ascensión Hernández Triviño.
Ayurcare Navigator: Diagnosis of Homeopathy
Authors: Kadam Sandeep
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Online Health with Medicine Management is a system that practically concentrates on the associative standards of the Medical diagnosis. The application increases in its size through the database, as the research activity increases within the organization. The present application concentrates on the relative information that has been stored at the level of the organization while the system is under the process of execution. To keep the latency of the system at the lowest profile the system manages all the information in SQL Server database, to keep at least of the database standards that are exists at the industrial level. The application has been developed using the Java technologies to keep pace with the present trends of the industrial requirements. The different standards of the Java technology have been adapted to cater to the standards like intranet based standards and browser specific user interfaces the Java MySQL database connectivity has been exploited for the database interactive standards. In this system provide computerized data storage facility. We can search easily any record. The new system requires less time for completion of any work. All the stock of medicine is update automatically in the new system. The system is user friendly and anyone having computer knowledge can handle it easily. Suitability for computerized data entry. Maintaining stock, Supplier information, Customer information & bill information are easy.
Surface changes in wood submitted to thermomechanical densification
Authors: Carvalho Douglas Edson , Pereira da Rocha Márcio , Klitzke Ricardo  Jorge , Gonzalez de Cademartori Pedro Henrique
Published: May 2024

Ideal thermomechanical treatment conditions that reduce roughness and increase hydrophobicity of the wood surface require further investigation. In this study, a thermo-mechanical densification process was applied to Gmelina arborea (gamhar) wood. Three temperatures were used (140 °C, 160 °C and 180 °C) and two compaction rates (20 % and 40 %), applied for 30 minutes in a hot hydraulic press with final pressure of 2,5 MPa. Chemical changes, wettability and surface roughness of control and densified samples were investigated, as well as morphological changes. Densification partially degraded the hemicelluloses. Consequently, the wettability of the tangential surface of the densified wood decreased, with a more hydrophobic surface. Similarly, densification reduced surface roughness, especially when filtering was used for natural wood structures, with morphological changes on the surface of the densified samples. Densification with the highest temperature (180 °C) and 20 % compaction created the most hydrophobic surface (>90 °). In contrast, densification with the lowest temperature (140 °C) and compaction of 40 % provided the best results of the roughness parameters, with significant reductions, making it an applicable technique to minimize the roughness of wood in general and improve surface quality.
Seguimiento a la población graduada 2020 - 2022 del Bachillerato en Inglés con formación en gestión empresarial de Costa Rica
Authors: López-Montero Rosberly
Published: May 2024

El objetivo de este estudio es obtener información de las tres primeras generaciones de personas graduadas del Bachillerato en Inglés con Formación en Gestión Empresarial de la Universidad de Costa Rica, Sede del Pacífico, para contar con una base de datos actualizada en cuanto a su quehacer profesional, formación académica posterior y perspectiva en cuanto a puntos de mejora de la misma para cumplir con las demandas del mercado laboral actual y para la toma de decisiones curriculares. La información se recolecta mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario estructurado a la totalidad de la población graduada de los años 2020, 2021 y 2022. El análisis es de carácter cuantitativo descriptivo y se demuestra que la carrera cumple con el objetivo de capacitar de manera competente en la lengua inglesa, lo cual, aunado con su formación en gestión empresarial, permite una inserción rápida al mercado laboral, pero sugiere replanteamientos urgentes en cuanto a la compenetración de estas dos áreas en el currículo.
Combustion of waste solids in a fluidized bed to generate sustainable energy
Authors: Mladenovic Milica , Vucicevic Biljana , Marinkovic Ana , Buha-Markovic Jovana
Published: May 2024

Exploring alternative options to address the impending global energy crisis while taking into account environmental concerns and climate change mitigation and addressing the sky-rocketing energy demand has become urgently essential. This need is further highlighted by the significant reliance of the Republic of Serbia on imported energy sources so that the focus of its energy sector strategy is rational use of energy resources, use of renewable energy sources (RES), and waste management with satisfying environmental regulations. The use of low-calorific and waste materials in conjunction with fluidized bed combustion technology is a method to achieve all the above goals synergistically. This paper presents experimental results of combustion of several solid wastes (coal mining waste from the ?RB Kolubara? complex, Serbia, paper sludge and hazelnut shells), conducted in an industrial prototype and experimental bubbling FB boiler (capacity up to 500 kW). Burning these wastes has a variety of advantages, including recovering substantial energy remaining in the waste and minimizing the overall waste volumes. The work focused on determination of furnace temperature profiles, composition of the flue gas at the furnace outlet as well as fluidization air and fuel flowrates, the minimum fluidization rate, fluidization number, maximum heat output and the transferred heat of the tested fuels. Based on the obtained results, potentials of FBC of waste fuels and the possibility of utilization of their energy potential are evaluated.
Belgrade Fair complex: The collapse of Yugoslav purism
Authors: Ilic Bratislav
Published: May 2024

In the wake of accelerated development in the vicinity of the Belgrade Fair and further plans for construction in this part of the city, the events that have unfolded during the past decade of Belgrade?s urban development have situated Belgrade Fair as a key topic in the spotlight of the Serbian urban planning community. The objective of this paper is, first and foremost, the formulation of a methodologically broader critical matrix regarding the formation of an approach to the future adoption of strategies for the urban renewal of the Belgrade Fair (Sajam) complex. This complex, in addition to basic research on its architectural and urban qualities, also includes numerous current and temporal aspects from which it is possible to draw conclusions about the issue at hand. These analyses of the architectural and urban value of the fair complex observe the key themes and concepts that define the Sajam?s spatial and developmental paradigm. They also accentuate current questions regarding the defragmentation of the heritage of modern architecture in architectural practice. Also highlighted, in addition to the architectural and urban planning composition of the first construction phase between 1953 and 1957, are the today less-known architectural and engineering aspects of the exhibition halls that lack heritage status, along with an exploration of the renewal or transformation of this space through an analysis of recent conceptual design proposals. This study, through synthesis, seeks to establish a comprehensive picture and the broader critical framework needed to pass judgement before the ideological and constructive breakdown of Belgrade?s exhibition complex as a paradigm of Yugoslav purism. The conclusions leave space for the appreciation of different approaches, opening up new questions that clearly require social consensus and which have not yet been answered in the public or professional space.
Auditors’ Response to Controlling Shareholders’ Share Pledging: Evidence from Audit Opinions and Audit Fees
Authors: Chan Koon Hung , Jiang Ellen Jin , Mo Phyllis Lai Lan , Zhang Hua
Published: May 2024

Share pledging is an important source of financing for shareholders in China. We investigate whether auditors respond differently in terms of audit reporting and pricing when client firms’ controlling shareholders pledge their shares to support their firms’ financing (business-pledging firms) or to increase their personal wealth (individual-pledging firms). Based on data from listed nonstate-owned Chinese firms, we find that auditors are less likely to issue modified audit opinions and more likely to charge lower audit fees to business-pledging firms than to individual-pledging firms. Additional evidence indicates that business-pledging firms have better financial reporting quality than individual-pledging firms. Taken together, our results suggest that auditors’ assessments of clients’ business and audit risks are associated with the objectives of controlling shareholders’ share pledging, which has significant policy implications for capital market participants.

Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text and from the corresponding author upon request.

JEL Classifications: M42; O16.
Financial Analysis on Social Media and Disclosure Processing Costs: Evidence from Seeking Alpha
Authors: Gomez Enrique A. , Heflin Frank , Moon James R. , Warren James D.
Published: May 2024

Less-informed investors face greater costs of processing earnings news into actionable information. Our findings suggest financial analysis on social media reduces less-informed investors’ disclosure processing costs. We document an attenuated spike in earnings announcement (EA) information asymmetry for quarters containing more financial analysis on social media in the weeks prior to the EA. Cross-sectional evidence suggests this finding is stronger when coverage from traditional intermediaries is lower, for financial analyses written by more credible authors, and for financial analyses that are more likely relevant to evaluating the EA. Further evidence suggests retail trades, but not institutional trades, at EAs are significantly more profitable in quarters with greater financial analysis on social media, consistent with financial analysis on social media benefitting traders who are otherwise less-informed. Overall, our evidence suggests that financial analysis on social media plays an important role in aiding less-informed investors by helping them better process EA news.

JEL Classifications: G14; M41.
ANÁLISE BIBLIOMÉTRICA: SANEAMENTO DESCENTRALIZADO COM APLICAÇÃO DE WETLANDS CONSTRUÍDOS NO TRATAMENTO DE ÁGUAS RESIDUÁRIAS
Authors: Teixeira Daniel Brinckmann , Rodríguez Adriane de Assis Lawisch , Schneider Rosana de Cássia de Souza , Gehlen Günther , Benetti Antônio Domingues , Machado Ênio Leandro
Published: May 2024

Wetlands Construídos (WCs) são utilizados, de maneira descentralizada, para promover o tratamento (primário, secundário e/ou terciário) de águas residuárias de fontes difusas (esgoto doméstico uni ou multifamiliar em zona rural ou urbana, do setor hoteleiro, de agroindústrias, de campus universitários, etc.) em diferentes locais do mundo. A linha de pesquisa de tecnologias de tratamento de águas de abastecimento e águas residuárias tem como foco maximizar o resultado das performances de sistemas de tratamento descentralizados, de pequeno porte e que utilizem WCs em alguma etapa do tratamento de esgoto doméstico (uni ou multifamiliar). O objetivo do trabalho de revisão narrativa sistemática foi elencar com detalhamento (objetivos, metodologia, diferenciais e resultados) os principais autores e trabalhos produzidos na área de saneamento descentralizado utilizando WCs na plataforma científica Web of Science. Dessa maneira foi possível indicar as referências autorais específicas existente nesse nicho de pesquisa, identificar os termos (wastewater treatment, domestic waste, decentralized treatment, stability sludge) de maior ocorrência e as publicações de maior impacto.
Business Model Canvas Innovation at Luki Mas Fish Business in Bandung City
Authors: Setiawan Martin , Kania Trisa Nur
Published: May 2024

LUKI MAS is a business engaged in fisheries located at Jalan Pasir Impun Bandung. Based on research in the field, researchers raised problems in company activities that have not succeeded in the business model used by LUKI MAS. The purpose of the research conducted was to provide the right strategy and business model to LUKI MAS based on the Business Model Canvas, Know the Business Model Canvas applied to LUKI MAS and know the right business model design for LUKI MAS. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative method. Primary data collection techniques use source triangulation through participatory observation, structured interviews, audio and visual materials, while secondary data collection is carried out by literature studies. Data analysis techniques use the Miles and Huberman model through the process of data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusions. Based on the data obtained from the results of the study, that the description of the LUKI MAS business model using the Business Model Canvas in general can be said to be quite good and based on the results of the evaluation using SWOT analysis produces recommendations for new business strategies, the business model that is currently running is able to meet the nine elements of the Business Model Canvas Building blocks. The results of the Business Model Canvas Analysis on the LUKI MAS customer segments have target customers from children to adults.
Satisfacción de los consumidores de servicios educativos universitarios
Authors: Sánchez Martínez Karina Lizbeth , Gómez Sánchez David , Grimaldo Reyes Sanjuana Edith , González Ortiz Jorge Horacio
Published: May 2024

El presente estudio tiene como propósito determinar el nivel de satisfacción de los consumidores de servicios educativos y determinar si existe correlación con las variables sociodemográficas, y con base a ello buscar estrategias para que los estudiantes aumenten su nivel de satisfacción con su carrera. La investigación fue de enfoque cuantitativo de alcance descriptivo y correlacional, de diseño transversal. La muestra se conformó de 224 participantes pertenecientes a 7 programas educativos. Se utilizó como técnica la encuesta y el instrumento para la recolección de datos está compuesto por ocho ítems donde se empleó una escala ordinal del 1 al 5, donde 1 es muy poco y el 5 es muy alto, además de variables sociodemográficas y la escala AMAI para evaluar el NSE con 6 preguntas. La confiabilidad del instrumento se comprobó a través de alfa de Cronbach mediante el programa SPSS versión 25.0 resultando aceptable con un valor de 0.768. Se concluyó que los estudiantes tienen una gran satisfacción hacia el prestigio de la escuela y los compañeros, contrario a los horarios que les ofrece la institución debido a que en esta variable se encuentran menos satisfechos.
Así como también, la satisfacción no tiene correlación con las variables sociodemográficas, excepto con la carrera que cursan y el deseo de los padres por haber estudiado una carrera profesional.
TENDENCIAS EN EL APROVECHAMIENTO DE RESIDUOS DE MANGO PARA LA OBTENCIÓN DE MATERIALES NO ALIMENTARIOS
Authors: Salazar-Sánchez Margarita del Rosario , Solanilla-Duque José Fernando
Published: May 2024

El mango (Mangifera indica) es una fruta tropical ampliamente consumida en todo el mundo, lo que conlleva a la generación significativa de residuos en la industria. Estos residuos, en su mayoría desechados, son utilizados para la obtención de alimentos secundarios como pulpas y jugos, ofreciendo un potencial inexplorado para la obtención de biomateriales de alto valor. Este artículo analiza las tendencias actuales del aprovechamiento de residuos del mango para la producción de biomateriales entre los cuales están los bioplásticos, compuestos bioactivos y nanomateriales. Además, se destaca la importancia de la interdisciplinariedad entre las cadenas agroindustriales y la ciencia de materiales.
CARACTERÍSTICAS SENSORIALES DE UNA TORTA ADICIONADA CON HARINA DE SEMILLA DE FENOGRECO (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)
Authors: Peña García Kelly Johanna , Soto Toloza Erika Paola , Herrera Leal Dayana Zaray , Caballero Pérez Luz Alba
Published: May 2024

La evaluación sensorial se posiciona como una herramienta fundamental en el control de calidad de los alimentos. Para llevar a cabo el análisis de atributos sensoriales, resulta imperativo contar con jueces sensoriales seleccionados y debidamente entrenados. Este proceso de selección y capacitación se torna crucial, ya que garantiza la obtención de resultados altamente confiables. El propósito de esta investigación fue llevar a cabo la evaluación sensorial de tres formulaciones de torta (0.5%, 1% y 1.5%) adicionadas con harina de fenogreco. Se llevó a cabo el reclutamiento de jueces sensoriales, a quienes se les proporcionó entrenamiento en sabores básicos, visión, olores y texturas. Para la evaluación sensorial, se aplicó una prueba afectiva de preferencia por ordenamiento y una prueba descriptiva con una escala de cinco puntos. La prueba descriptiva se realizó por triplicado con el fin de establecer diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las muestras mediante el análisis de varianza de un factor y la prueba Tukey. Los atributos evaluados incluyeron el aspecto externo, el perfil de sabor y olor, así como la textura. Se observó que las tres formulaciones no presentaron diferencias significativas (p>0.05) en la percepción de los atributos sensoriales de sabor, olor, aroma, textura y aspecto externo. Sin embargo, se obtuvo una diferencia significativa (p<0.05) en cuanto a la preferencia de la formulación del 0.5% en comparación con las demás. En última instancia, la torta enriquecida con harina de fenogreco generó una impresión global positiva entre los panelistas.
Impacto de diferentes prácticas agrícolas sobre las características fisicoquímicas del suelo: un análisis crítico
Authors: Torres Torres Luz America , González Pedraza Ana Francisca , Castellanos Leónides
Published: May 2024

En este artículo de revisión se realizó una recopilación de investigaciones sobre las diferentes actividades antrópicas que determinan la calidad del suelo y su fertilidad; la producción de cultivos de manera convencional, que ha ocasionado pérdida de su capacidad productiva y deterioro en la calidad física, química y biológica, donde los cultivos, no obtienen un balance de nutrientes adecuado para su desarrollo, en tal sentido recuperar la resiliencia de los suelos mediante el manejo de buenas prácticas agrícolas es posible. El objetivo de esta investigación fue documentar los resultados científicos que influyen en las variaciones de las características físicas y químicas de los suelos. Para ello se realizó una investigación documental cuya metodología fue de tipo descriptiva mediante un análisis exhaustivo en revistas internacionales y nacionales, sobre estudios científicos y resultados sobre los factores que influyen en las variaciones de las características fisicoquímicas del suelo. De acuerdo con los resultados analizados, los monocultivos o uso continuo e intensivo del suelo, aceleran el deterioro de las propiedades de los suelos. Existen numerosos factores que inciden en la calidad de estos, tales como los procesos de formación, procesos pedogenéticos, así como las propiedades y atributos inherentes. Con base en los estudios examinados en relación con las diferentes prácticas agrícolas, se observa una notable heterogeneidad espacial en las características fisicoquímicas de los suelos, lo que complica la determinación, en muchos casos, de la influencia del manejo; no obstante, se evidencia una correlación entre manejo y algunos indicadores de calidad de los suelos. Los monocultivos o la práctica continua e intensiva del suelo propician la aceleración de la degradación de las características fisicoquímicas del suelo. En contraste con diversas prácticas, se identifican diversos factores determinantes de su calidad, entre los cuales se incluyen los procesos de formación, los fenómenos pedogenéticos, así como las propiedades y atributos inherentes. La revisión de los estudios concernientes a distintos tipos de prácticas agrícolas reveló una marcada variabilidad espacial en las características edáficas. Este fenómeno dificulta en muchos casos la atribución de influencias específicas al manejo; sin embargo, se observa una correlación palpable.
Development of Halal Tourism to Improve The Community Economy in The Halal Tourism Village of Setanggor
Authors: Amalia Riski , Kartono Drajat Tri , Wibowo Agung , Syiam Nazilatus
Published: May 2024

This study aims to describe the development of the halal tourism village in Setanggor. It employs a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The findings indicate that the development of halal tourism in Setanggor involves empowerment through the active participation of the community and the role of the village government. This concept is also referred to as Community Based Tourism. Setanggor's Halal Tourism Village was formed by integrating the ideas of village tourism, halal tourism, local wisdom, characteristics of resources, and uniqueness possessed by Setanggor's Halal Tourism Village, thus creating innovations in the development of halal tourism in rural areas. In its management, Setanggor's Halal Tourism Village offers products that adhere to Islamic principles. Community participation in managing Setanggor's halal tourism village is reflected in the creation of employment opportunities after the village becomes a tourist destination, thus positively impacting the welfare of the local community.
Deprescribing: An umbrella review
Authors: Japelj Nuša , Horvat Nejc , Knez Lea , Kos Mitja
Published: May 2024

This umbrella review examined systematic reviews of deprescribing studies by characteristics of intervention, population, medicine, and setting. Clinical and humanistic outcomes, barriers and facilitators, and tools for deprescribing are presented. The Medline database was used. The search was limited to systematic reviews and meta-analyses published in English up to April 2022. Reviews reporting deprescribing were included, while those where depre-scribing was not planned and supervised by a healthcare professional were excluded. A total of 94 systematic reviews (23 meta--analyses) were included. Most explored clinical or humanistic outcomes (70/94, 74 %); less explored attitudes, facilitators, or barriers to deprescribing (17/94, 18 %); few focused on tools (8/94, 8.5 %). Reviews assessing clinical or humanistic outcomes were divided into two groups: reviews with deprescribing intervention trials (39/70, 56 %; 16 reviewing specific deprescribing interventions and 23 broad medication optimisation interventions), and reviews with medication cessation trials (31/70, 44 %). Deprescribing was feasible and resulted in a reduction of inappropriate medications in reviews with deprescribing intervention trials. Complex broad medication optimisation interventions were shown to reduce hospitalisation, falls, and mortality rates. In reviews of medication cessation trials, a higher frequency of adverse drug withdrawal events underscores the importance of prioritizing patient safety and exercising caution when stopping medicines, particularly in patients with clear and appropriate indications.
Clinical application of hempseed or flaxseed oil-based lyotropic liquid crystals: Evaluation of their impact on skin barrier function
Authors: Vitek Mercedes , Matjaž Mirjam Gosenca
Published: May 2024

The principal function of skin is to form an effective barrier between the human body and its environment. Impaired barrier function represents a precondition for the development of skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD), which is the most common inflammatory skin disease characterized by skin barrier dysfunction. AD significantly affects patients’ quality of life, thus, there is a growing interest in the development of novel delivery systems that would improve therapeutic outcomes. Herein, eight novel lyotropic liquid crystals (LCCs) were investigated for the first time in a double-blind, interventional, before-after, single-group trial with healthy adult subjects and a twice-daily application regimen. LCCs consisted of constituents with skin regenerative properties and exhibited lamellar micro-structure, especially suitable for dermal application. The short- and long-term effects of LCCs on TEWL, SC hydration, erythema index, melanin index, and tolerability were determined and compared with baseline. LCCs with the highest oil content and lecithin/Tween 80 mixture stood out by providing a remarkable 2-fold reduction in TEWL values and showing the most distinctive decrease in skin erythema levels in both the short- and long-term exposure. Therefore, they exhibit great potential for clinical use as novel delivery systems for AD treatment, capable of repairing skin barrier function.
Forecasting the effect of water gastric emptying patterns on model drug release in an in vitro glass-bead flow-through system
Authors: Felicijan Tjaša , Bogataj Marija
Published: May 2024

Oral solid dosage forms are most frequently administered with a glass of water which empties from the stomach relatively fast, but with a certain variability in its emptying kinetics. The purpose of this study was thus to simulate different individual water gastric emptying (GE) patterns in an in vitro glass-bead flow-through dissolution system. Further, the effect of GE on the dissolution of model drugs from immediate-release tablets was assessed by determining the amount of dissolved drug in the samples pumped out of the stomach compartment. Additionally, different HCl solutions were used as dissolution media to assess the effect of the variability of pH of the gastric fluid on the dissolution of three model drugs: paracetamol, diclofenac sodium, and dipyridamole. The difference in fast and slow GE kinetics resulted in different dissolution profiles of paracetamol in all studied media. For diclofenac sodium and dipyridamole tablets, the effect of GE kinetics was well observed only in media, where the solubility was not a limiting factor. Therefore, GE kinetics of co-ingested water influences the drug release from immediate-release tablets, however, in certain cases, other parameters influencing drug dissolution can partly or fully hinder the expression of this effect.
Heritage Language Use and Identity Construction: A Study of Two Korean-American Bilingual Adolescents
Authors: Park Mi Yung
Published: May 2024

This study examines heritage language use and identity construction of two Korean-American bilingual adolescents who have acquired a high level of proficiency in the heritage language. An analysis of the interview narratives showed that the high level of their heritage language proficiency played a crucial role in understanding the heritage culture and its people, developing a strong sense of self, and building social relationships with members of the heritage language and mainstream communities. In addition, it was found that their ethnic identities were co-constructed and reshaped over time not only by their individual choices but also by various sociocultural factors — the environment, their surroundings, and their relationships with others. However, although both participants agreed that their heritage language and culture were fundamental parts of their identities, the forces and processes that shaped each participant’s identities were different. One participant developed his dual identities by maintaining cultural boundaries and group differentiation whereas the other participant tried to combine two cultural characteristics in creating a new self, having invested in dual identities — Korean and American — which she would assume in the private and public spheres of her life, respectively. The findings shed light on the complex process of bilingual adolescents’ identity construction.
Possible Factors Influencing the Willingness to Use English in Teaching Japanese as a Foreign Language by Non-Native Speakers
Authors: Luchenko Olha , Doronina Olha , Chervinko Yevhen
Published: May 2024

In recent years, teachers have had students from diverse language and cultural backgrounds in their classrooms due to increasing human migration in many countries. Therefore, multilingual learning and teaching have become a widespread phenomenon. Research on English language teaching and learning in multilingual contexts has gained great importance. However, teaching languages other than English and foreign language teachers’ practices in this specific context have received little attention so far. Teaching the highly contextualised Japanese language poses challenges in multilingual classrooms, and teachers more frequently resort to using English as the medium of instruction. To shed light on Japanese non-native teachers’ practices, the study explored and analysed two hundred and seventy-four teachers’ responses to the questionnaire “Teaching the Japanese language in multilingual classrooms – English medium instruction approach (EMI)”. The research attempts a worldwide study on using EMI in teaching Japanese as a foreign language (JFL). It examines a broad geographic scope of JFL teachers’ practices from fifty-seven predominantly non-Anglophone countries. The present article focuses on investigating various factors affecting JFL teachers’ willingness to use EMI that can be classified into demographic, linguistic, and contextual. The results revealed several factors of significant influence, such as JFL teachers’ work experience, the highest education level attained, educational stage, geographic region, native language group, Japanese language proficiency, and knowledge of other languages (multilingualism). The factors that appeared to be of insufficient influence were age, study of teaching methods/linguodidactics and level of Japanese taught. The factor of JFL teachers’ language proficiency (both English and Japanese) falls into a separate category of influence, where a significant difference was noted for proficient and near-native levels.
The Epistolary Legacy of Historian, Bibliographer and Bibliophile N.P. Likhachev in the Department of Manuscripts of the Russian State Library
Authors: Naumov Oleg N.
Published: May 2024

In the article analyses the epistolary heritage of the historian, bibliophile, bibliographer, art historian and collector, academician N.P. Likhachev (1862—1936), which is kept in the Manuscripts Department of the Russian State Library. A total of 109 letters and telegrams (dating from 1885 to 1927) have been discovered. These texts contain diverse and reliable information about the main events of the biography, scientific interests and personality of the eminent scholar, including the discussion in connection with the publication of his fundamental monograph on the the hierarchy of 16th century dyaks (1888), his contribution to the study of icon painting, his publishing activities, his cooperation in public organisations, his attitude to the book as a cultural phenomenon, and his bibliophile preferences. Most of the letters are in the fund of the antiquarian book dealer P.P. Shibanov and concern the formation of the historian’s library, the purchase of books, criteria for their selection, prices for antiquarian editions, and the distribution of his own works. Special attention is paid to the fate of N.P. Likhachev after 1917, first of all to the difficulties he faced in his scientific activity and everyday life. The epistolary sources significantly expand and clarify the ideas of modern science about the development of many areas of Russian humanitarian knowledge: bibliology, bibliophilia, archaeography, art history, medieval studies, source studies, etc.
واقع استخدام الأجهزة الذكية في تنمية الكفايات اللغوية لدى طالبات الصف الأول المتوسط
Authors: الجهني منى مبروك معوض , الدوسري مشاعل صالح
Published: May 2024

هدفت الدراسة إلى الكشف عن واقع استخدام الأجهزة الذكية في تنمية الكفايات اللغوية لدى طالبات الصف الأول المتوسط، ولتحقيق هذا الهدف تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي لمناسبته لأهداف البحث، كما تم استخدام استبانة مكونة من خمسة أبعاد، و(27) عبارة، تم توزيعها على عينة عشوائية بسيطة بلغت (81) من معلمات الصف الأول المتوسط بالمدينة المنورة لعام 1445هـ، وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى عدد من النتائج من أهمها مايلي: البعُد الأول "استخدام طالبات الصف الأول المتوسط للأجهزة الذكية في تنمية الكفاية النحوية" حصل على متوسط حسابي (3.95)، كما أن البعُد الثاني "استخدام طالبات الصف الأول المتوسط للأجهزة الذكية في تنمية كفاية الخطاب" حصل على متوسط حسابي (3.81)، وكذلك البعُد الثالث "استخدام طالبات الصف الأول المتوسط للأجهزة الذكية في تنمية الكفاية اللغوية الاجتماعية" حصل على متوسط (4.02)، بالإضافة إلى البعُد الرابع "استخدام طالبات الصف الأول المتوسط للأجهزة الذكية في تنمية الكفاية اللغوية" حصل على متوسط (4.06)، وجميع الأبعاد بدرجة استخدام (عالٍ) للأجهزة الذكية في تنمية الكفاية اللغوية، وأخيرا البعُد الخامس "الصعوبات التي تواجه طالبات الصف الأول المتوسط عند اكتساب الكفايات اللغوية في ضوء استخدام الأجهزة الذكية" حصل على متوسط (3.91)، وبنسبة عالية من الصعوبة في استخدام عالٍ للأجهزة الذكية في تنمية الكفايات اللغوية، وفي ضوء هذه النتائج توصلت الدراسة إلى عدد من التوصيات والمقترحات من أهمها: توظيف الأجهزة الذكية للتمكن من القواعد الصرفية، وتعزيز استخدامها في النحو، وتشجيع الطالبات على استخدام الأجهزة الذكية لكي تساعدهم على التمكن من التحدث بلباقة وبأسلوب مهذب، وحث الطالبات على استخدام الأجهزة الذكية في عرض تجاربهم من البيئة المحيطة بلغة إبداعية.
مقترح لتفعيل منصة الوقف الجماعي باستخدام منصة البلوكتشين - الأردن أنموذجاً
Authors: سندياني قصي محمود , عبابنه بيان زهير
Published: May 2024

هدفت الدراسة إلى تقديم مقترح لتفعيل دور تقنية البلوكتشين في القطاع الوقفي في الأردن؛ نظراً للدور البارز الذي يتمتع به القطاع الوقفي من جهة، ومن جهة أخرى للاستفادة ومواكبة التطورات والمستجدات في عالم التكنولوجيا المالية، وإسقاطها على القطاع الوقفي، وتناولت الدراسة التعريف بالوقف والوقف الذكي والوقف الجماعي، كما وتناولت التعريف بتقنية البلوكتشينن، وبيان مزاياها، ومزايا هذه التقنية في القطاع الوقفي، وكيفية تفعيلها في القطاع الوقفي، بالإضافة لعرض نماذج عملية على تطبيق تقنية البلوكتشين في القطاع الوقفي، كما وتطرقت الدراسة لعرض تصور مقترح لتفعيل دور تقنية البلوكتشين في القطاع الوقفي في الأردن، وتوصلت الدراسة لجملة نتائج؛ من أبرزها: 1.يُمكن الاستفادة من التكنولوجيا المالية في خدمة القطاع الوقفي، فاستخدام تقنية البلوكتشين يُساهم في التغلب على المشاكل التي يُعاني من القطاع الوقفي، ويُعزز المُساهمة المجتمعية فيهِ، وتوسيع نطاق الاستفادة منهُ. 2.إنّ تطبيق فكرة الوقف الجماعي عبر تقنية البلوكتشين؛ يُساهم في تخفيف الضغط على ميزانية الدولة، وتُعزز التعاون بين أفراد المجتمع الأردني. كما وتوصي الدراسة بالعديد من التوصيات، أهمها: 1.توصي الدراسة بضرورة وضع قانون خاص والموافقة عليه من قبل الحكومة الأردنية؛ للاستفادة من مزايا تقنية البلوكتشين في الأردن، وخاصة أنه يتمتع ببنية تحتية جيدة من الإنترنت، وجعل القطاع الوقفي منوط بها. 2. توصي الدراسة بضرورة تطبيق هذا المقترح؛ لمواكبة المُستجدات الواقعة في مجال التكنولوجية المالية؛ وتعزيز فرص التعاون مع الدول المجاورة في تعزيز هذا المقترح.
A Positive Charge in an Antimalarial Compound Unlocks Broad-spectrum Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Braun-Cornejo Maria , Platteschorre Mitchell , de Vries Vincent , Bravo Patricia , Sonawane Vidhisha , Hamed Mostafa M. , Haupenthal Jörg , Reiling Norbert , Rottmann Matthias , Piet Dennis , Maas Peter , Diamanti Eleonora , Hirsch Anna K. H.
Published: May 2024

In this study, we synthesised a library of eNTRy-rule-complying compounds by introducing ionisable nitrogens to an antimalarial compound. These positively-charged derivatives gained activity against both Gram-negative and -positive bacteria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and boosted Plasmodium falciparum inhibition to the double-digit nanomolar range. Overcoming and remaining inside the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria is one of the major difficulties in antibacterial drug development. The eNTRy rules (N = ionisable nitrogen, T = low three-dimensionality, R = rigidity) can be a useful structural guideline to improve accumulation of small molecules in Gram-negative bacteria. With the aim of unlocking Gram-negative activity, we added amines and (cyclic) N-alkyl guanidines to an already flat and rigid pyrazole-amide class. To test their performance, we compared these eNTRy-rule-complying compounds to closely related non-complying ones through phenotypic assay screenings of various pathogens (P. falciparum, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and M. tuberculosis) obtaining a handful of broad-spectrum hits. The results support the working hypothesis and even extend its applicability, the studied pyrazole-amide class adheres to the eNTRy rules; non-compliant compounds do not kill any of the bacteria tested, while compliant compounds largely showed inhibition of Gram-negative, -positive, and M. tuberculosis bacteria in the single-digit micromolar range.
A makroprudenciális hatóságok jogállása az Európai Unió tagállamaiban
Authors: Kálmán János , Janovec Michal
Published: May 2024

The study examines the main components of the organisational framework for macro-prudential management in the Member States of the European Union. The organisational design of macro-prudential management is a matter for the Member States, which can themselves be grouped into different models. The study first presents the international and EU standards and recommendations on the status of macro-prudential bodies in the Member States, then summarises the basic, theoretically relevant features of the status of macro-prudential bodies in the Member States, presents the analytical methodology of the study and finally analyses the features of the status of macro-prudential bodies in the Member States according to the methodology defined. The study concludes that there is a tendency for the EU macro-prudential body to standardise the basic elements of the status of macro-prudential bodies. However, the process of unification of the content of the institutional framework is still at an early stage and a variety of legal solutions can be identified for each of the substantive aspects. The study concludes that the institutional framework of macro-prudential policy can be described by a coordinated unification of the substantive pillars, with different formal features, but with different legal solutions.
A pihenőidők az uniós munkajogban
Authors: Kártyás Gábor
Published: May 2024

The paper aims to approach the dilemmas of EU working time rules from the novel perspective of rest periods. It examines the functions and nature of rest periods in EU law, with special regard to the ECJ’s recent judgment in the MÁV-Start case (C-477/21). The analysis tackles the question whether rest periods should be regarded as a right or an obligation of the worker and visits the issue of the possible role of a separate right to disconnect. The analysis ends with some conclusions.
A nemi erőszak áldozatának jogi státusza nemzetközi, európai uniós és hazai szinten
Authors: Zsiros Klaudia Viktória
Published: May 2024

The study describes the concept and the legal status of the victim of sexual violence in view of the fact that the definition of victim in criminal procedure law is not the same as the broader definition of victim used in criminology at domestic or international levels. The Me Too movement drew attention to a problem in 2017 that is still waiting to be solved years later: preventing and eradicating violence against women, as well as making the role of the victims during procedure and their legal options more effective. A brief, overview categorization of this legal situation shows what emerging tendencies can be discovered in the European Union’s legislative process nowadays, and based on these, what the problematic areas are in domestic law where change is needed.
Eltérő bírói vélemények megjelenése a Kúria gyakorlatában
Authors: Erdős István
Published: May 2024

This article examines the 2/2022 PJE Unity Decision of the Curia from the perspective of divergent theoretical and dogmatical views expressed in minority opinions. The case study compares the dissenting opinions and the majority opinion of the judges and aims at demonstrating the fact that theoretical disagreement between judges has a huge impact on legal practice and on the issue of how judges decide cases. The hypothesis of the article is that – in hard legal cases – the reason for the differing opinions is the different theoretical convictions of judges. It seems evident that two legal practitioners, who have different views on cardinal issues of law, such as the concept or the purpose of law, interpret legal norms differently. Using the method of qualitative case analysis, the article analyses the arguments appearing in the justification of the decision.
The Influence Of DAU (General Allocation Fund) And DAK (Special Allocation Fund) On Capital Expenditure Of Bali Province
Authors: Suryantini Ni Putu Santi
Published: May 2024

Due to the governmental implementations and services to the public in accordance with the decentralization principle, the regional areas have the authority to collect taxes/levies and manage the Natural Resources (SDA). The regional areas funding sources consist of Own-Source Revenue (PAD), Fiscal Balance/Revenue Sharing Fund (DBH), General Allocation Fund (DAU) and Special Allocation Fund (DAK) which are directly managed by the regional government through its Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD). This research aims at analyzing the influence of PAD, DAU, and DAK on capital expenditure of Bali province. The research population is all city/regency governments in Bali. This research employs a census method involving all Regencies and municipalities in Bali Province. The data are the regional government expenditure realization during the period of 2010 to 2015. The results show that PAD does not significantly influence Capital Expenditure, while DBH, DAU, and DAK significantly influence Capital Expenditure.