bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stripped-envelope stars in different metallicity environments
Authors: Aguilera-Dena David R. , Langer Norbert , Antoniadis John , Pauli Daniel , Dessart Luc , Vigna-Gómez Alejandro , Gräfener Götz , Yoon Sung-Chul
Published: February 2022

Massive stars that become stripped of their hydrogen envelope through binary interaction or winds can be observed either as Wolf-Rayet stars, if they have optically thick winds, or as transparent-wind stripped-envelope stars. We approximate their evolution through evolutionary models of single helium stars, and compute detailed model grids in the initial mass range 1.5−70 M⊙ for metallicities between 0.01 and 0.04, from core helium ignition until core collapse. Throughout their lifetimes some stellar models expose the ash of helium burning. We propose that models that have nitrogen-rich envelopes are candidate WN stars, while models with a carbon-rich surface are candidate WC stars during core helium burning, and WO stars afterwards. We measure the metallicity dependence of the total lifetimes of our models and the duration of their evolutionary phases. We propose an analytic estimate of the wind’s optical depth to distinguish models of Wolf-Rayet stars from transparent-wind stripped-envelope stars, and find that the luminosity ranges at which WN-, WC-, and WO-type stars can exist is a strong function of metallicity. We find that all carbon-rich models produced in our grids have optically thick winds and match the luminosity distribution of observed populations. We construct population models and predict the numbers of transparent-wind stripped-envelope stars and Wolf-Rayet stars, and derive their number ratios at different metallicities. We find that as metallicity increases, the number of transparent-wind stripped-envelope stars decreases and the number of Wolf-Rayet stars increases. At high metallicities WC- and WO-type stars become more common. We apply our population models to nearby galaxies, and find that populations are more sensitive to the transition luminosity between Wolf-Rayet stars and transparent-wind helium stars than to the metallicity-dependent mass loss rates.
Selecting a multiplex PCR panel for accurate molecular diagnosis of intestinal protists: a comparative study of Allplex® (Seegene®), G-DiaParaTrio (Diagenode®), and RIDA®GENE (R-Biopharm®) assays and microscopic examination
Authors: Argy Nicolas , Nourrisson Céline , Aboubacar Ahmed , Poirier Philippe , Valot Stéphane , Laude Adrien , Desoubeaux Guillaume , Pomares Christelle , Machouart Marie , Le Govic Yohann , Dalle Frédéric , Botterel Françoise , Bourgeois Nathalie , Cateau Estelle , Leterrier Marion , Le Pape Patrice , Morio Florent , Houze Sandrine
Published: February 2022

Commercial multiplex PCR assay panels were developed to overcome the limitations of microscopic examination for parasitological diagnosis on stool samples. However, given the increased supply of this diagnostic approach, these assays must be evaluated to position them in a diagnostic algorithm. Analytical performances of the multiplex PCR assay G-DiaParaTrio, Allplex® GI parasite and RIDA®GENE parasitic stool panel for detecting Blastocystis sp., Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp., Dientamoeba fragilis, and Cyclospora cayetanensis, were assessed through a retrospective comparative study on 184 stool samples initially sent for parasitological investigation. The composite reference method for parasitological diagnosis was microscopic observation and Entamoeba histolytica-specific adhesion detection when necessary. Multiplex PCR assays were performed on extracted DNA from each stool, following the manufacturer’s recommendations. Discrepant results with the composite reference method were investigated with species-specific PCR to approach a final parasitological diagnosis. Overall sensitivity/specificity for the multiplex PCR assays was 93.2%/100% for G-DiaParaTrio, 96.5%/98.3% for Allplex® GI parasite and 89.6%/98.3% for RIDA®GENE, whereas the composite reference method presented an overall sensitivity/specificity of 59.6%/99.8%. These results confirmed the added diagnostic value of the multiplex PCR approach for gastrointestinal protists. Nevertheless, the PCR procedure and the analytical performance for each protist of interest, variable depending on the multiplex PCR assay, must be considered when implementing a PCR-based diagnostic approach.
Evidentiary powers of the trial court regarding public-law disputes in the Russian Federation
Authors: Kulyushin Evgeny Nikolaevich
Published: February 2022

The paper presents the analysis of the content of the evidentiary powers of the trial court regarding public-law disputes in administrative proceedings of the Russian Federation to improve the model of their exercise by the general courts for correct and timely consideration and resolution of public-law disputes between citizens, organizations against unlawful acts of public bodies. It considers the key directions of improvement of the mechanism of evidentiary activity of courts on public-law disputes regarding the recognition of evidence inadmissible, procedure for allegations on falsification of evidence to ensure effective protection of the weaker party on public-law disputes, to create a good-faith attitude among the participants of public-law relations, and to prevent new public-law disputes. Taking into account the analysis of the content of the evidentiary powers of the trial court in public-law disputes, the paper concludes on the criteria for classifying the evidentiary powers of the trial court in public-law disputes under the Code of Administrative Procedure of the Russian Federation, active role of the trial court in their implementation at various stages of administrative proceedings, main directions for improving the mechanism for exercising the evidentiary powers of the trial court in verifying the allegations on falsification of evidence submitted by the parties and taking measures to declare the evidence inadmissible.
Legal Framework for Counter-Terrorism in Social Networks in Russia and Abroad
Authors: Romanovsky Vladislav , Kildeev Rifat
Published: February 2022

The article discusses measures to counter terrorist threats in social networks and instant messengers. It is emphasized that the modern form of communication using digital technologies has started to be actively used by terrorist organizations for recruiting supporters, raising funds, and preparing terrorist attacks. The article analyzes the German (Act on Improving Law Enforcement in Social Networks) and Chinese (Chinese Great Firewall) experience of introducing restrictions and prohibitions in the framework of regulating the activities of companies moderating information through applications and social networks. It is shown that implementing the requirements of the legal regime has not only a legal, but also technological aspect. The peculiarities of the Internet functioning contribute to free implementation of information, including illegal information. This circumstance significantly complicates the tasks of law enforcement agencies in countering terrorist threats.
Reindeer-breeding culture in Russia and Inner Mongolia (PRC) (based on the material of the reindeer-breeding vocabulary of the Evenks)
Authors: Andreeva Tamara , Afanasieva Elizaveta , Ushnitskaya Natalia , Struchko Kirill
Published: February 2022

The article is dedicated to a comparative study of the vocabulary of the Evenks of Russia and China, reflecting the Evenks’ reindeer-breeding culture. Reindeer is of key importance in the spiritual culture of the Tungus. This is due to the economic and cultural type of the Evenks - reindeer herders. Reindeer is the most common domestic animal of the Evenks. Its breeding and economic use is now typical for all Tungusic peoples of Russia and China. Therefore, the main purpose of the article is to describe the ethnolinguistic and ethnocultural realia of the worldview of the Evenks of Russia and China.
Peculiarities of the defining materiality of breach of procedural norms in relation to specific taxes
Authors: Zimulkin Maxim Igorevich
Published: February 2022

The article in question deals with the problems of respect for the rights of taxpayers when applying the procedural provisions of Russian legislation with regards to specific taxes. The author stresses the need to ensure procedural guarantees of taxpayers not only in terms of the tax control implementation, but also in the tax authority’s and the taxpayer’s interaction within the framework of the calculation and collection of taxes. The article illustrates the consolidation of procedural provisions within the foreign jurisdictions’ legislation, analyzes the procedural tax norms of the Russian tax legislation, as well as examines the problems arising from the current tax disputes. The author pays special attention to contentious situations in matters of obtaining a VAT deduction by taxpayers. Based upon the study results, the author comes to the conclusion that material breach of the Russian legislation’s procedural provisions on taxes and fees are considered as illegal actions (inaction) of tax authorities, which are expressed in derogating taxpayers’ procedural rights and, as a result, negatively affecting the balance of private and public interests.
Bankruptcy tourism within Russia: issues of jurisdiction in personal bankruptcy cases
Authors: Silchenko Vladislav
Published: February 2022

The paper analyzes the practice of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation in countering bankruptcy tourism of citizens. The paper considers the cases with the criteria for jurisdiction of personal bankruptcy in Russia, and employs the category of the center of main interests of the debtor known to foreign law order. The author shows the difference between the jurisdictional links in Russia and the EU in cases of personal bankruptcy, and general and specific in the presumptions that determine the jurisdiction factors. The paper provides the Russian definition of bankruptcy tourism defined by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation for cases when a debtor-citizen 'manipulates' the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy case to transfer its consideration to the region where the debtor does not actually live, and shows the legal consequences of these actions in court proceedings. According to the author, in terms of Russian law, the practice of combating bankruptcy tourism does not imply the refusal to protect the rights which a person is abusing, it is based on the specifics of proving the jurisdiction factor – the place of residence of the debtor. The author argues the relevance of the European experience in regulating cross-border insolvency for improving the Russian legislation on bankruptcy.
Russian “Anti-Suit Injunction” to Proceedings in Foreign Arbitration Tribunal
Authors: Yarkov Vladimir Vladimirovich
Published: February 2022

The paper describes a new legal remedy against foreign arbitration tribunals in the face of sanctions imposed against Russian people, briefly discloses its origins and application abroad, the first judicial practice. The author, based on the analysis of foreign and Russian literature, judicial practice, deduces basic features of anti-suit injunction. Particular attention is paid to the fact in issue stipulated in Article 248.2 of the Arbitration Procedural Code of the Russian Federation. The paper provides a rationale for the optional nature of unenforceability of arbitration agreements.
Cybersecurity and cyber defence strategies of Japan
Authors: Ukhanova Erkeley
Published: February 2022

Modern national security strategies of many states attempt at covering risks and threats rising in nontraditional domains of outer space, electromagnetic and cyberspaces. Cyberattacks aim at inflicting financial, psychological, technological and physical damage at various goals from individuals and corporations to states and international organisations. One of the specific features of a cyberattack is uncertainty of its source: it is sometimes impossible to identify the attacker. All these provide incentives for states to qualify cyberthreats as threats to their national security, thus pushing them towards establishing mechanisms of dealing with these threats. As a result, more states attempt at formulating their strategies of cyber security and cyber defence. Japan, as one of the developed countries, relies heavily on its information infrastructure and telecommunication networks, and the military realm is not an exception. Since the early 2000s, the Japanese government has been elaborating its cybersecurity and cyber defence strategies, steadily unfolding its strategic vision of the new security environment. Japan has come up with a complex strategy of information security, cybersecurity and cyber defence. A key approach of the cybersecurity strategy for Japan is acting in a proactive manner while enhancing its reactive capabilities, meaning containment and sustainability capabilities accordingly.
Der Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex (PRDC) – eine klinische Übersicht
Authors: Eddicks Matthias , Eddicks Lina , Stadler Julia , Hermanns Walter , Ritzmann Mathias
Published: February 2022

Der Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex (PRDC) beschreibt eine klinische Kondition, die sich in Form einer häufig therapieresistenten Atemwegsinfektion bei Mastschweinen manifestiert. Die multifaktorielle Ätiologie beinhaltet infektiöse und nicht infektiöse Faktoren. Bei Entstehung und Verlauf des PRDC spielen neben Management und Hygiene v. a. virale und bakterielle Erreger eine bedeutende Rolle. Das Virus des Porzinen Reproduktiven und Respiratorischen Syndroms (PRRSV), das porzine Circovirus Typ 2 (PCV2), Influenza-A-Virus (IAV) und Mycoplasma (M.) hyopneumoniae stellen die relevantesten Erreger dar. Das klinische Bild und die zugrundeliegenden pathomorphologischen Veränderungen können je nach Erregerbeteiligung variieren. Die Komplexität des PRDC erschwert die Diagnose und auch die Prävention auf Bestandsebene. Der Übersichtsartikel gibt einen Einblick in die Pathomorphologie, Pathogenese sowie Inter-Erreger-Interaktionen und zielt darauf ab, praktizierende Tierärztinnen und Tierärzte bei der Diagnose, Befundinterpretation und Prävention des PRDC zu unterstützen.
Erfassung und Verarbeitung von Stress bei ärztlichem Personal in Krankenhäusern der Grund- und Schwerpunktversorgung in Deutschland im zeitlichen Verlauf der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Reis Daniela , Scheiderer Marie-Léne , Kis Bernhard , Längler Alfred , Martin David , Scharbrodt Wolfram , Schmidt Peter , Lutz Gabriele , Müller Helge , Edelhäuser Friedrich , Matthes Harald , Sieberer Marcel , Vagedes Jan , Wintzer Christian , Fricke Oliver
Published: February 2022

Hintergrund Verschiedene Studien berichten über das Stresserleben von Krankenhausmitarbeitern während der COVID-19-Pandemie, aber auch vor der Pandemie fühlten sich viele ärztliche Klinikmitarbeiter durch ein hohes Arbeitspensum oder unklare Vorgaben emotional erschöpft.

Methoden Kognitive Bewertungen und das Stresserleben von ärztlichem Krankenhauspersonal aus 6 Kliniken im zeitlichen Verlauf der COVID-19-Pandemie wurden ausgewertet. Neben der deutschsprachigen Version des „Stress Appraisal Measure“ (SAM) wurden die COVID-19-Patientenbelegungen und die relative Bettenbelegung erfragt; Korrelationen im Quer- und Längsschnitt wurden berechnet.

Ergebnisse Teilnehmer t1: 170, t2: 55, t3: 47 Ärzte. Obwohl keine Erfahrung mit einer solchen Pandemie vorhanden war, waren die SAM-Mittelwerte nicht auffallend unterschiedlich im Zeitverlauf. Höhere lokale Neuinfektionen gingen nicht einher mit einer erhöhten Bewertung, die Situation als bedrohlich oder stressend zu erleben. Hohe positive Korrelationen der gleichen SAM-Unterskalen im Längsschnitt könnten ein Hinweis sein für ein zeitstabiles Persönlichkeitsmerkmal, welches die kognitiven Bewertungen beeinflusst.

Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse geben erste Hinweise, dass das ärztliche Personal eine gute Strategie zur Bewältigung des pandemiebedingten Stresserlebens hatte. Eine differenziertere Analyse des Stresserlebens von medizinischem Personal im Allgemeinen, und nicht nur zu besonderen Zeiten der Pandemie, könnte zukünftig vorgenommen werden.
Growth and Pubertal Features in a Cohort of 83 Patients with
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Öztürk Ayşe Pınar , Dudaklı Aslı , Özturan Esin Karakılıç , Poyrazoğlu Şükran , Baş Firdevs , Darendeliler Feyza
Published: February 2022

Background Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disease characterized
by fragile bones and variable short stature.

Method We performed a retrospective cohort study to evaluate demographic
data, clinical findings, growth and pubertal characteristics, and medical
treatment of 83 OI patients.

Results 83 (31 female/52 male) patients were enrolled in the
study. The median follow-up duration was 4.7 (0.6–17.7) years. 51 out of
83 patients (61.4%) received bisphosphonate therapy. The median Z-score
of the bone mineral density improved in patients with OI-I and OI-III with the
treatment. During follow-up, height-SDS significantly increased in both OI-I and
OI-III on treatment; however, final adult height SDS of patients did not
improve. The frequency of overweight and obesity was found to be increased at
the last evaluation compared to the admission. The rate of precocious puberty
(PP) and early puberty (EP) were 20 and 10% in girls, and they were 15.7
and 47.3% in boys, respectively.

Conclusion Reduced growth, significant weight gain over time due to
impaired mobility, and high frequency of PP/EP require effective
interventions to improve mobility and functional parameters as early as possible
in children with OI.
Imaging of Hockey-related Injuries of the Head, Neck, and Body
Authors: Holmes R. Davis , Walsh John P. , Yan Yet Y. , Mallinson Paul I. , Andrews Gordon T. , Munk Peter L. , Ouellette Hugue A.
Published: February 2022

Hockey is a demanding contact sport with growing popularity around the world. This article is part of a review series in this issue of Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology that summarizes epidemiological research on the patterns of ice hockey injuries as well as provides pictorial examples for a radiologist's perspective. We focus on non-extremity pathologies which encompass many of the most devastating injuries of hockey, namely those involving the head, neck, face, spine, and body.
Musculoskeletal Injuries in Cross-Country Skiing
Authors: Lemos Diego F. , Geeslin Matthew G. , Kanner Christopher , Lach Mark E. , Pedersen Roar R.
Published: February 2022

Cross-country skiing, one of the oldest forms of skiing, is enjoyed widely as a recreational activity and as a competitive sport. It is practiced in regions with snow-covered landscapes, particularly in the Nordic countries and with increasing popularity in non-Nordic countries of Europe as well as in the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, among others. Cross-country skiing is a fairly safe activity, and historically the risk of injury has been relatively low. However, advances in equipment development, together with increasing speeds, more demanding trails, and growing numbers of participants, have all contributed to a larger report of injuries, although still comparatively low versus other skiing modalities. Injuries in cross-country skiing can occur either after a single traumatic event or in the setting of chronic repetitive microtrauma (i.e., overuse injuries).
Análise comparativa do tratamento de lesões cutâneas dos membros inferiores com retalho sural versus retalho propeller
Authors: Tenezaca Katherine V. , Silva Gustavo Bersani , Iamaguchi Raquel Bernardelli , Rezende Marcelo Rosa de , Wei Teng Hsiang , Cho Álvaro B.
Published: February 2022

Objetivo O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar prospectivamente os retalhos sural e propeller para cobertura de partes moles da extremidade inferior. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: incidência de perda total ou parcial do retalho e morbidade da área doadora (fechamento primário versus enxerto de pele).

Métodos Análise prospectiva e randomizada de dados coletados de todos os pacientes apresentando defeitos em tecidos moles da extremidade distal da perna e do retropé submetidos aos retalhos em questão.

Resultados Foram avaliados 24 pacientes com idades entre 4 e 60 anos, entre 2011 e 2017. Cobertura completa foi obtida em 22 dos 24 pacientes (91,6%) e observamos falha em 2 retalhos (8,4%). O retalho sural, sendo a opção mais popular, continua a representar uma alternativa segura e versátil para defeitos cutâneos do terço distal da perna e da região do calcanhar. O retalho propeller, da mesma maneira, mostrou-se uma opção comparável para o tratamento destas lesões desafiadoras.

Conclusão Os retalhos sural e propeller são boas opções para a cobertura de partes moles da extremidade inferior, demostrando baixas taxas de complicações como perda parcial ou total do retalho.
Comparação do tratamento artroscópico de ruptura do manguito rotador em pacientes com menos de 55 anos versus pacientes com mais de 65 anos
Authors: Storti Thiago Medeiros , Pontes Júnior Antônio Carlos , Simionatto João Eduardo , Simionatto Carolina , Faria Rafael Salomon Silva , Paniago Alexandre Firmino
Published: February 2022

Objetivo Avaliar os pacientes submetidos a reparo artroscópico do manguito rotador (MR) comparando os resultados de força muscular, funcionais e de dor obtidos em 2 grupos distintos: de pacientes < 55 anos (G55) e em pacientes > 65 anos (G65).

Métodos A coleta de dados foi realizada com 63 participantes (29 pacientes < 55 anos e 34 > 65 anos), em 2 momentos, analisando: A) características demográficas, cirúrgicas e das lesões de MR; B) variáveis funcionais, força muscular e dor.

Resultados Foram observados maiores níveis de na força de elevação anterior, rotação lateral e rotação medial do ombro operado no grupo G55. Porém, quando avaliada a diferença entre estas forças do ombro operado e do ombro contralateral, não se observou diferença significativa entre os grupos. As demais variáveis de função e dor foram similares (p > 0,05). Também não houve diferença entre os grupos nos escores University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA, na sigla em inglês) (p = 0,56) e Constant (p = 0,99).

Conclusão O reparo artroscópico do MR em pacientes mais velhos, ativos e selecionados pode obter melhora funcional e de qualidade de vida similar ao realizado em pacientes mais jovens.
Como escolher entre as abordagens transolecraniana e por reflexão do tríceps para tratar fraturas distais do úmero em adultos: Um estudo prospectivo
Authors: Jamoh Kalom , Tonk Gyneshwar
Published: February 2022

Objetivo Escolher uma abordagem posterior adequada para fraturas distais do úmero em adultos.

Métodos Cinquenta pacientes com fraturas distais do úmero foram analisados prospectivamente. As fraturas foram classificadas por meio da classificação Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen/Orthopaedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA). Os pacientes foram divididos em grupo A e grupo B. A osteotomia olecraniana (abordagem transolecraniana) foi realizada em 30 pacientes, e a abordagem por reflexão do tríceps foi usada em 20 pacientes. Os resultados funcionais foram avaliados por meio do Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) e do questionário Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH).

Resultados O tempo médio da cirurgia foi de 92,62 ± 8,73 minutos para o grupo A, e de 78,63 ± 7,02 minutos para o grupo B (p < 0,01) e a média da perda sanguínea foi de 222,78 ± 34,93 mL no grupo A, e de 121,61 ± 19,85 mL no grupo B (p < 0,01), os quais foram estatisticamente significativos. As pontuações médias no MEPS e no DASH de ambos os grupos foram consideradas insignificantes. Complicações como infecção, neurapraxia e irritação de tecidos moles foram mais observadas no grupo A.

Conclusão A abordagem por reflexão do tríceps resulta em menor tempo de operação, menor perda de sangue, e baixas taxas de complicações, e a osteotomia olecraniana proporciona uma melhor precisão da redução articular. Mas não houve diferença significativa entre os dois grupos em termos do resultado funcional. Por isso, propusemos uma nova classificação, que é uma modificação da classificação AO/OTA: o tipo 1 inclui os graus AO 13A a C2 (excluído o B3); e o tipo 2, AO 13C3. Para fraturas do tipo 1, a abordagem por reflexão do tríceps pode ser considerada, e , para as fraturas do tipo 2, a osteotomia olecraniana.
Uma comparação entre a medição e a classificação da ruptura do manguito rotador no pré-operatório e no intraoperatório
Authors: Gill Karl Peter , Bateman Marcus , Mazuquin Bruno , Littlewood Chris
Published: February 2022

Objetivo Avaliar a concordância no tamanho de ruptura obtido por imagem pré-operatória e por medição intraoperatória, e determinar a precisão da imagem pré-operatória na classificação do tamanho da ruptura e na identificação de rupturas em cada tendão do manguito rotador.

Métodos Os dados de 44 pacientes recrutados para um ensaio controlado randomizado foram revisados retrospectivamente. O tamanho e a localização do manguito rotador foram confirmados por ultrassom ou ressonância magnética préoperatórios, e avaliados durante a cirurgia. Um teste t e o gráfico de Bland e Altman foram usados para determinar a concordância entre as medições pré-operatória e intraoperatória. Sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo (VPP) e valor preditivo negativo (VPN) foram calculados para o tamanho do rompimento e o envolvimento do tendão do manguito rotador.

Resultados Houve boa concordância para medidas de tamanho da ruptura (91%) e classificação (89%) pré-operatória e durante a cirurgia. Ao classificar o tamanho da ruptura, a sensibilidade e o VPP foram elevados para rupturas de tamanho médio (100%), e menor para rupturas grandes (75%), o que indica que todas as rupturas de tamanho médio, mas nem todas as grandes, foram identificadas pré-operatoriamente. Para a identificação de rupturas, a sensibilidade pré-operatória e o VPP foram maiores para o supraespinal (84%), com sensibilidade e VPP progressivamente menores para o infraespinal (57%), o subescapular (17%), e o redondo menor (0%).

Conclusões Por meio da imagem pré-operatória, pode-se medir ou classificar com precisão o tamanho da ruptura. Quando há discordância, não está claro se o tamanho da ruptura é subestimado no exame ou superestimado durante a cirurgia. A alta sensibilidade demonstra que uma ruptura do supraespinal é geralmente detectada por escaneamento. As sensibilidades mais baixas para o infraespinal e o subescapular indicam que a identificação de rupturas nestes tendões é menos precisa.
Impact of Carbohydrate Counting Method during Pregnancy in Women with Pregestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Oliveira Larissa Mello de , Belfort Gabriella Pinto , Padilha Patricia de Carvalho , Rosado Eliane Lopes , Silva Letícia Barbosa Gabriel da , Fagherazzi Sanmira , Zajdenverg Lenita , Zagury Roberto Luís , Saunders Claudia
Published: February 2022

Objective To evaluate the effect of the carbohydrate counting method (CCM) on glycemic control, maternal, and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with pregestational diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods Nonrandomized controlled clinical trial performed with 89 pregnant women who had pregestational DM and received prenatal care in a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between 2009 and 2014, subdivided into historic control group and intervention group, not simultaneous. The intervention group (n = 51) received nutritional guidance from the carbohydrate counting method (CCM), and the historical control group (n = 38), was guided by the traditional method (TM). The Mann-Whitney test or the Wilcoxon test were used to compare intra- and intergroup outcomes and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures, corrected by the Bonferroni post-hoc test, was used to assess postprandial blood glucose.

Results Only the CCM group showed a reduction in fasting blood glucose. Postprandial blood glucose decreased in the 2nd (p = 0.00) and 3rd (p = 0.00) gestational trimester in the CCM group, while in the TM group the reduction occurred only in the 2nd trimester (p = 0.015). For perinatal outcomes and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, there were no differences between groups. Cesarean delivery was performed in 82% of the pregnant women and was associated with hypertensive disorders (gestational hypertension or pre-eclampsia; p = 0.047).

Conclusion Both methods of nutritional guidance contributed to the reduction of postprandial glycemia of women and no differences were observed for maternal and perinatal outcomes. However, CCM had a better effect on postprandial glycemia and only this method contributed to reducing fasting blood glucose throughout the intervention.

ReBEC Clinical Trials Database The present study was registered in the ReBEC Clinical Trials Database (Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos, number RBR-524z9n).
Indocyanine Green (ICG)-Guided Identification of Hypermetabolic Pancreatic Nodules in Focal Congenital Hyperinsulinism: A Case Report in a 3-Month-Old Infant
Authors: Delgado-Miguel Carlos , Muñoz-Serrano Antonio , Moratilla Lucas , Sarmiento María del Carmen , Miguel-Ferrero Miriam , Leal Nuria , Barrena Saturnino , Martínez Leopoldo
Published: February 2022

Indocyanine green (ICG)-guided near-infrared fluorescence has been recently adopted in pediatric surgery, although its use in the treatment of congenital hyperinsulinism has not been reported. We present a case of focal congenital hyperinsulinism in which ICG-navigation with ICG was used during surgical treatment. A 3-month-old infant was referred to our institution from a peripheral hospital for episodes of persistent hypoglycemia since birth, with no response to intravenous treatment with diazoxide, octreotide, or hydrochlorothiazide. An abdominal positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan showed a hypermetabolic nodule in the proximal portion of the body of the pancreas, compatible with focal congenital hyperinsulinism. A heterozygous mutation in the ABCC gene (Ala1516Glyfs*19) frameshift type inherited from the father was identified, which supported this diagnosis. Laparoscopy-assisted surgery was performed with ICG-guided near-infrared fluorescence, with intravenous injection of 16 mg ICG (2 mg/mg), which allowed localization of the focal lesion in the body of the pancreas. The lesion was resected with bipolar electrocautery and intraoperative histological study confirmed complete resection. Plasma glucose values normalized 6 hours after surgery and the patient was discharged 5 days later. In conclusion, the use of ICG in the treatment of congenital hyperinsulinism helps to identify hypermetabolic pancreatic nodules, decreasing the likelihood of incomplete resection.
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern in Pediatric Deep Neck Space Infection
Authors: Kharel Bijaya , Shahi Kapil , Gurung Urmila
Published: February 2022

Introduction Neck space infection in the pediatric age group is common but can be life-threatening if not diagnosed properly. Since it is a polymicrobial disease, antibiotic usage should be guided by culture sensitivity pattern.

Objectives To assess the microbiology, antibiotic resistance pattern and the outcome of the medical and surgical management of deep neck space infection in children.

Methods This was a prospective study of children admitted for management of neck space infection from August 2017 to August 2018. The age, gender, organisms isolated, sensitivity and resistance to antibiotics, length of hospital stay, complications, and recurrence were noted. The descriptive data were analyzed.

Results Out of 108 cases, there were 51 males (47.2%) and 57 females (52.8%) ranging from 1 month to 15 years, with a mean age of 5.32 +/− 4.35 years. The mean period of hospitalization was 6.98 days. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism isolated with less coagulase-negative staphylococci and streptococci. Clindamycin was the most sensitive drug (82.35%) followed by vancomycin and cloxcillin, while amoxicillin/ampicillin, a commonly used drug, was the least sensitive (20.58%). The abscess recurrence rate was 9.28%. The outcomes of either medical treatment or a combined medical or surgical treatment in properly selected cases were comparable.

Conclusion Clindamycin or cloxacillin can be used as a first-line option for neck infection in children. Ampicillin/amoxicillin alone has a small role in neck abscess because of high resistance to this type of antibiotic.
Unsupervised machine learning for solar cell materials from the literature
Authors: Zhang Lei , He Mu
Published: February 2022

Machine learning and data-driven methods have been adopted for material science research in recent years; yet, the textual data are not fully embraced by the materials and physics community. In this work, we aim to make the computers unsupervisedly learn the latent information on the solar cell materials based on the textual data with minimal human intervention and perform solar cell materials predictions. An unsupervised machine learning model is constructed by automatically extracting the information from the materials literature database using word embeddings, which successfully establishes the hidden relationships between the materials formulas and their photovoltaic applications. Uncommon solar cell materials predicted by the natural language processing (NLP)-based machine learning method are further evaluated via the first-principles methods to reveal the optoelectronic properties of the predicted candidate, demonstrating the validity of the NLP-assisted machine learning model. This study highlights the text-based machine learning methods for solar cell materials and calls for a wide deployment of the NLP methods for the materials research.
Room temperature spin Hall magnetoresistance at a hetero-interface between multiferroic Bi1.05La0.05FeO3 and heavy-metal Pt
Authors: Miao Jun , Lv Z. L. , Cao J. P. , Wang H. W. , Ren Z. Y. , Chen J. K. , Wu Y. , Meng K. K. , Xu X. G. , Jiang Y.
Published: February 2022

Thin films of Bi1.05La0.05FeO3 (BLFO) have been deposited on a CaRuO3 buffering layer on SrTiO3 using pulsed laser deposition. Then, a Pt thin layer was in situ sputtered on the surface of BLFO. The crystallization characteristic and surface morphology of the BLFO layer were checked. Spin transporting behaviors of the Pt/BLFO structure were investigated at room temperature. Interestingly, a magnetoresistance effect was observed at the interface of the Pt/BLFO bilayer. The spin mixing conductance at the interface between BLFO and Pt was estimated after a corrections of Pt thickness. This implies that the manipulation of spin–orbit coupling is possible at the interface of a single-phase multiferroic (e.g., BLFO) and a heavy metal (e.g., Pt).
Application of ant colony and immune combined optimization algorithm in path planning of unmanned craft
Authors: Wang Hongbin , Zhang Jianqiang , Dong Jiao
Published: February 2022

The ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm is improved and further integrated with the immune algorithm (IA) to address its problems, such as slow convergence, local optimum, and premature convergence in the path planning. An algorithm integrating IA and improved ant colony optimization (IACO) is, therefore, put forward to realize the optimal planning of global path for an unmanned surface vehicle (USV). First, the ACO algorithm was improved in three aspects, that is, generation of initial pheromones, transition probability, and update of pheromones. The proposed IA-IACO algorithm combined the advantages of IA and IACO, sped up the convergence, and enhanced the optimization capability and operational efficiency. Second, the IA-IACO algorithm was designed and applied in the global path planning of an unmanned surface vehicle, achieving great global optimization and convergence. Finally, a path smoothing algorithm was devised to achieve the implementable, economic, and stable path while guaranteeing the safe navigation of the USV. A simulation test was carried out to prove the effectiveness and superiority of the designed global path planning algorithm in the practical engineering.
Limited and unlimited spike growth from grooved free surface of shocked solid
Authors: Grigoryev S. Yu. , Dyachkov S. A. , Parshikov A. N. , Zhakhovsky V. V.
Published: February 2022

Richtmyer–Meshkov instability developed at a solid–vacuum interface after reflection of a shock wave is studied using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. SPH simulations are performed for aluminum, copper, and tantalum samples with free surfaces having machined grooves of sinusoidal shape. The obtained simulation results agree well with the experimental data for different loading regimes. Our simulations demonstrate three regimes of material response to shock loading, where conditions depend on the yield strength for a given strain rate. First, at weak elastic shocks, the grooved surface experiences shear oscillations only. Then, a more intense shock loading produces plastic strain resulting in a plastic spike with the limited run from the surface. It is found that after the arrest of the plastic motion, the formed spike oscillates with the same period as in the elastic regime. Finally, the heavy load produces the unlimited growth of plastic or liquid jet, which leads to its fragmentation at later times. The transition from limited to unlimited jet growth depends on the geometry of the corrugated surface. We estimate the critical amplitude of corrugations required for unlimited spike growth. The used simulation techniques can provide the more accurate mechanical properties of materials to achieve a better agreement.
Modification of modal characteristics in the wakes of blockages of square cylinders with multi-scale porosity
Authors: Higham J. E. , Vaidheeswaran A.
Published: February 2022

We present our study on flows past porous obstacles, which exhibit complex nonlinear dynamics. Regions in the near-wake host multiple modes of hydrodynamic instabilities, which interact with the bleed flow from the trailing edge. As a result, the developing shear layers weaken and the wakes protract. The dynamics are largely altered by the configuration of patches even when the plan porosities are similar. We describe wake turbulence using conventional statistics and modal decomposition techniques. Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) identifies energetic events containing relevant scales of motion, while dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) isolates frequency-locked modes. Finally, wake signatures from the first two iterations are characterized by cross-examining POD and DMD supports.
Shot-noise measurements of single-atom junctions using a scanning tunneling microscope
Authors: Tamir Idan , Caspari Verena , Rolf Daniela , Lotze Christian , Franke Katharina J.
Published: February 2022

Current fluctuations related to the discreteness of charge passing through small constrictions are termed shot noise. This unavoidable noise provides both advantages—being a direct measurement of the transmitted particles’ charge—and disadvantages—a main noise source in nanoscale devices operating at low temperature. While better understanding of shot noise is desired, the technical difficulties in measuring it result in relatively few experimental works, especially in single-atom structures. Here, we describe a local shot-noise measurement apparatus and demonstrate successful noise measurements through single-atom junctions. Our apparatus, based on a scanning tunneling microscope, operates at liquid helium temperatures. It includes a broadband commercial amplifier mounted in close proximity to the tunnel junction, thus reducing both the thermal noise and input capacitance that limit traditional noise measurements. The full capabilities of the microscope are maintained in the modified system, and a quick transition between different measurement modes is possible.
Structural model for amorphous aluminosilicates
Authors: Gammond Lawrence V. D. , Youngman Randall E. , Zeidler Anita , Aitken Bruce G. , Salmon Philip S.
Published: February 2022

An analytical model is developed for the composition-dependent structure of the amorphous aluminosilicate materials (M2O)x(Al2O3)y(SiO2)1−x−y and (MO)x(Al2O3)y(SiO2)1−x−y, where 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 and 0 ≤ y ≤ 1. The model is based on a simple set of reactions and contains a single adjustable parameter p (0 ≤ p ≤ 1). The latter is found from 27Al solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments in the regime where R = x/y ≥ 1, aided by new experiments on the magnesium and zinc aluminosilicate systems. The parameter p decreases linearly as the cation field strength of M+ or M2+ increases, as per the observation previously made for the degree of aluminum avoidance [Lee et al., J. Phys. Chem. C 120, 737 (2016)]. The results indicate that as the cation field strength increases, there are less fourfold coordinated aluminum atoms to contribute toward the glass network, and Al–O–Al bonds become more prevalent in a progressive breakdown of Loewenstein’s aluminum avoidance rule. The model gives a good account of the composition-dependent fraction of non-bridging oxygen (NBO) atoms for R ≥ 1, as assessed from the results obtained from solid-state NMR experiments. An extension of the model to (M2O3)x(Al2O3)y(SiO2)1−x−y glasses leads, however, to an excess of NBO atoms, the proportion of which can be reduced by invoking network-forming fivefold coordinated Al atoms and/or oxygen triclusters. The model provides a benchmark for predicting the structure-related properties of aluminosilicate materials and a starting point for predicting the evolution in the structure of these materials under the extreme conditions encountered in the Earth’s interior or in processes such as sharp-contact loading.
Efficient terahertz radiation absorption by dilute graphene composites
Authors: Barani Zahra , Stelmaszczyk Kamil , Kargar Fariborz , Yashchyshyn Yevhen , Cywiński Grzegorz , Rumyantsev Sergey , Balandin Alexander A.
Published: February 2022

The interaction of terahertz electromagnetic radiation with dilute graphene-epoxy composites was studied experimentally at frequencies from 0.25 to 4 THz. Composites with low graphene loading (≤1.2 wt. %) below the electrical percolation threshold revealed the total shielding effectiveness above ∼70 dB (1 mm thickness) at 1.6 THz frequency. The unexpected high shielding effectiveness of dilute graphene composites in blocking terahertz radiation was mostly achieved by absorption rather than reflection. The shielding effectiveness increases with increasing frequency. Our results suggest that even the thin-film or spray coatings of the lightweight, electrically insulating graphene composites with thicknesses in the few-hundred-micrometer range can be sufficient for blocking terahertz radiation in many practical applications.
General rigid bead-rod theory with hydrodynamic interaction for polymer viscoelasticity
Authors: Pak Myong Chol , Kim Kwang-Il , Kanso M. A. , Giacomin A. J.
Published: February 2022

General rigid bead-rod theory is actively used for connecting the complex viscosity of polymeric liquids to the structure of macromolecules. Using general rigid bead-rod theory, the rheological properties of polymeric liquids have been investigated theoretically and applied practically. In this paper, we include the hydrodynamic interaction of the nearest neighboring beads into general rigid bead-rod theory. By applying our new method, structure by structure, to backbone branched macromolecular configurations, we investigate the interplay of hydrodynamic interaction with the number of branches, branch length, and branch positions. We learn that the effect of hydrodynamic interaction is greater in branched macromolecules than in unbranched. In the future, this method will play an important role in the study of the rheological properties of polymeric liquids, wherever hydrodynamic interaction matters.
Certain clarifications on the resistive wall mode theorem and extensions
Authors: Tasso H. , Throumoulopoulos G. N.
Published: February 2022

In a previous paper by V. D. Pustovitov [Phys. Plasmas 24, 112513 (2017)], it is claimed that the proofs of the “Resistive-Wall-Mode theorem” by Pfirsch and Tasso [Nucl. Fusion 11, 259 (1971)] and extensions of that theorem for time dependent wall resistivity and equilibrium plasma flow are not detailed and that there are limitations restricting their applicability. In response, we provide here pertinent detailed derivations, showing that the proofs of the above-mentioned theorems are rigorous and complete, unlike the considerations of V. D. Pustovitov [Phys. Plasmas 24, 112513 (2017)], which ignore the self-adjointness of the operator ∇×∇× and the fact that the force operator in the linearized ideal MHD momentum equation remains self-adjoint in the presence of equilibrium flows.
Wake transitions of six tandem circular cylinders at low Reynolds numbers
Authors: Eizadi Hamidreza , An Hongwei , Zhou Tongming , Zhu Hongjun , Cheng Liang
Published: February 2022

Direct numerical simulations for flow over six tandem circular cylinders at Reynolds numbers (Re) from 40 to 180 and gap ratios (G/D) from 0.5 to 18 were conducted. The main aims are to identify vortex transitions from primary to secondary vortices and from secondary to tertiary vortices and to explore the mechanisms for these transitions. In addition, the variations of the force coefficients and Strouhal numbers with the transitions are also examined. Based on the characteristics of vortex shedding frequency, flow patterns, and force coefficients on the cylinders, four flow regimes, namely, no-shedding, primary shedding, secondary shedding, and tertiary shedding regimes, were mapped out in the Re–G/D domain. The three shedding regimes always initiate from the last cylinder. With the increase of Re and/or G/D, the onset locations of the regimes shift upstream. The secondary and tertiary vortices are formed after a region of convective instability characterized by two-row parallel vortex streets or shear layers. Two physical mechanisms for the transition from primary to secondary vortices are identified. The first one is associated with shear layer instabilities developed after the decay of the primary vortices, and the second one is the merging of the primary vortices. The transition from secondary to tertiary vortices involves vortex merging only. Whereas no-shedding or primary shedding regimes occur at smaller gap ratios or lower Reynolds numbers, the three vortex shedding patterns (primary, secondary, and tertiary) can co-exist for larger gap ratios or higher Reynolds numbers, and each pattern dominates a region around the group of cylinders. The variations of the flow patterns, vortex shedding frequency, and force coefficients on the cylinders in each of the flow regimes are quantified and interpreted. When the number of cylinders is increased to more than 6 at a gap ratio of 15, no further transition is observed after the transition to tertiary wake, and the vortex shedding processes on the downstream cylinders become chaotic without a dominant frequency, suggesting that for multiple tandem cylinders, only two transitions, corresponding to the generations of the secondary and tertiary vortices, can be identified. The change in Reynolds number or gap ratio influences the onset locations of the transitions only.