bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Tolerance-Induced Preconditioning on Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Undifferentiated and Differentiated Neuronal Cells
Authors: Sandhu Jagdeep K. , Sodja Caroline , Ribecco-Lutkiewicz Maria , Wu Yu-Ting , Ma Yi-Shing , Wei Yau-Huei , Sikorska Marianna
Published: April 2022

Background: Mitochondrial biogenesis occurs in response to chronic stresses as an adaptation to the increased energy demands and often renders cells more refractive to subsequent injuries which is referred to as preconditioning. This phenomenon is observed in several non-neuronal cell types, but it is not yet fully established in neurons, although it is fundamentally important for neuroprotection and could be exploited for therapeutic purposes. Methods: This study was designed to examine whether the preconditioning treatment with hypoxia or nitric oxide could trigger biogenesis in undifferentiated and differentiated neuronal cells (rat PC12 and human NT2 cells) as well as in primary mouse cortical neurons. Results: The results showed that both preconditioning paradigms induced mitochondrial biogenesis in undifferentiated cell lines, as indicated by an increase of mitochondrial mass (measured by flow cytometry of NAO fluorescence) and increased expression of genes required for mitochondrial biogenesis (Nrf1, Nrf2, Tfam, Nfκb1) and function (Cox3, Hk1). All these changes translated into an increase in the organelle copy number from an average of 20–40 to 40–60 mitochondria per cell. The preconditioning treatments also rendered the cells significantly less sensitive to the subsequent oxidative stress challenge brought about by oxygen/glucose deprivation, consistent with their improved cellular energy status. Mitochondrial biogenesis was abolished when preconditioning treatments were performed in the presence of antioxidants (vitamin E or CoQ10), indicating clearly that ROS-signaling pathway(s) played a critical role in the induction of this phenomenon in undifferentiated cells. However, mitochondrial biogenesis could not be re-initiated by preconditioning treatments in any of the post-mitotic neuronal cells tested, i.e., neither rat PC12 cells differentiated with NGF, human NT2 cells differentiated with retinoic acid nor mouse primary cortical neurons. Instead, differentiated neurons had a much higher organelle copy number per cell than their undifferentiated counterparts (100–130 mitochondria per neuron vs. 20–40 in proliferating cells), and this feature was not altered by preconditioning. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that mitochondrial biogenesis occurred during the differentiation process resulting in more beneficial energy status and improved tolerance to oxidative stress in neurons, putting in doubt whether additional enhancement of this phenomenon could be achieved and successfully exploited as a way for better neuroprotection.
The Phenomenology of Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis: A Comparison with “Primary Mental Confusion” in Late 19th Century French Psychiatry
Authors: Kato Ryo , Takenaka Ryo , Matsumoto Takuya
Published: April 2022

Background: Although various studies have been conducted on anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis since it was first reported in 2007, few studies have closely examined its clinical course. Methods: We analyzed 47 case reports of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis that detailed its clinical course. Results: The results of our study supported the clinical course proposed by Iizuka et al. Conclusions: From the results, it is suggested that the phenomenological features understood as indicative of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis include: (1) antecedent common cold-like symptoms (31.9%) in the prodromal phase, (2) delirium or acute confusional state (65.9%), (3) symptoms considered to be sudden personality changes (40.4%) in the psychotic phase, (4) central hypoventilation (14.9%) in the unresponsive phase, (5) motor disturbances (57.4%), and (6) autonomic symptoms, mainly without fluctuations (48.9%), in the hyperkinetic phase. These features were found to be similar to “primary mental confusion” (confusion mentale primitive) in French psychiatry in the late 19th century. We believe that classical psychiatry can contribute considerably to the interpretation of biological research results.
Current Update of Phytotherapeutic Agents in the Treatment of COVID-19: In-Silico Based Virtual Screening Approach for the Development of Antiviral Drug
Authors: Ramesh Veena , Kulkarni Seema A. , Velusamy Palaniyandi , Devadasan Velmurugan , Devaraju Panneer , Rajnish Kandathil Narayanan , Madhavan Thirumurthy , Anbu Periasamy , Ramasamy Palaniappan , Sundarraj Rajamanikandan
Published: April 2022

COVID-19, caused by the severe acquired respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a highly contagious disease that has emerged as a pandemic. Researchers and the medical fraternity are working towards the identification of anti-viral drug candidates. Meanwhile, several alternative treatment approaches are being explored to manage the disease effectively. Various phyto-drugs and essential oils have been reported to have antiviral activity, but this has not been well studied in the context of SARS-CoV-2. The main focus of this review is on the biology of infection and the different therapeutic strategies involved, including drug repurposing and phytopharmaceuticals. The role of phytochemicals in treating COVID-19 and various other diseases has also been emphasized.
Effects of sinoaortic denervation on hemodynamic perturbations of prolonged paradoxical sleep deprivation and rapid cold stress in rats
Authors: Liu Yia-Ping , Lin Chen-Cheng , Lin Yu-Chieh , Tsai Shih-Hung , Tung Che-Se
Published: April 2022

Background: Sleep disturbances and aversive cold stress (CS) are cardiovascular risk factors. This study investigates how homeostatic control autonomic baroreflex influences the hemodynamic perturbations evoked by paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) and CS. Methods: Conscious adult male rats were randomly divided into four groups (Sham/CON [control], Sham/PSD, sinoaortic denervation [SAD]/CON, and SAD/PSD). Spectral analysis and SAD were employed to evaluate the effects of a 72-hr PSD with 10-min CS on blood pressure variability and heart rate variability (BPV and HRV) at total power (TP) and three frequency power densities, very-low-frequency (VLF), low frequency (LF), and high frequency (HF). Results: Key findings showed: (I) Compared with the control sham surgery (Sham/CON), in the natural baseline (PreCS) trial, SAD surgery (SAD/CON) causes high systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR), increases LFBPV (low-frequency power of BPV), LF/HFHRV (the ratio LF/HF of HRV), and TPBPV (the total power of BPV), but decreases HFHRV (high-frequency power of HRV) and VLFHRV (very-low-frequency power of HRV) than the Sham/CON does. In the CS trial, SAD/CON increases the CS-induced pressor, increases the CS-elicited spectral density, LF/HFHRV, but decreases HFBPV than the Sham/CON does. (II) Compared with SAD/CON and Sham/PSD (PSD under sham surgery), in both PreCS and CS trials, SAD/PSD (PSD under SAD) causes high SBP and HR than both SAD/CON and Sham/PSD their SBP and HR. In PreCS, SAD-PSD also changes the spectral density, including increasing Sham-PSD’s LFBPV, LF/HFHRV, VLFBPV, and TPBPV but decreasing Sham-PSD’s VLFHRV and TPHRV. However, in CS, SAD-PSD changes the CS-elicited spectral density, including increasing Sham-PSD’s VLFBPV, LF/HFHRV, and TPHRV but decreasing Sham-PSD’s HFBPV and LFBPV. Conclusion: The results suggest baroreflex combined with other reflex pathways, such as inhibitory renorenal reflex, modulates the vascular and cardiorespiratory responses to PSD under PreCS and subsequent CS trials.
What we have learned to date from the omics approach to non-Alzheimer's dementias
Authors: Demirci Mehmet , Kadirhan Ozge Altintas
Published: April 2022

Worldwide, more than 50 million people live with dementia, and due to the rapidly aging population, dementia cases are expected to increase at least five times in 2050. 30%–40% of dementia cases are diagnosed as non-Alzheimer’s dementia. Common subtypes of non-Alzheimer’s dementia are known as vascular, Lewy body, and frontotemporal dementia. Despite advances in modern medicine, the mechanism of dementia is still not fully understood. The term “omics” is a general term and is used to comprehensively characterize molecules by functional and biological similarities, focusing on the basic biological processes of a living organism and these techniques have enabled us to examine the unknown areas of biology, such as the genome, transcriptome, proteome, microbiome, and metabolome. This review highlights the progress that has been made in omics research while noting the gaps in our knowledge.
Human urinary kallidinogenase decreases the incidence of post-stroke cognitive impairment in acute ischemic stroke patients
Authors: Yan Xu , Chen Huan , Shang Xiuli
Published: April 2022

Background: Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is a common symptom of stroke and affects the quality of life and prognosis of stroke survivors. In our study, we evaluated the efficacy of Human urinary kallidinogenase (HUK) on cognitive function in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients, and discussed the role of cystatin C (CysC) in improving PSCI. Methods: We enrolled a retrospective cohort with prospective follow-up. From August 2020 to May 2021, 130 patients completed the final follow-up. Among them, 61 patients received HUK combined with basic treatment, which we defined as the HUK group, and 69 patients received basic treatment, which we defined as the control group. We compared the changes of CysC, urea nitrogen and creatinine levels after one week of treatment between the two groups. Cognitive function was assessed by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) at 3-month after AIS. Results: No significant differences in demographic data and Laboratory tests between two groups before treatment. A total of 67 patients (51.5%) were diagnosed as PSCI at 3-month follow-up, among which, 25 patients were in the HUK group and 42 patients were in the control group. Compared with the control group (60.9%), the incidence of PSCI was significantly lower in the HUK group (41.0%). In addition, the serum CysC level after a week of treatment significantly decreased from baseline in HUK group (p = 0.037), in comparison, the serum CysC level in the control group was basically unchanged (p = 0.951). There was a significant negative correlation between MoCA score and the level of CysC after treatment (p = 0.003, r = –0.373). Conclusions: HUK can reduce the risk of PSCI at 3-month in AIS patients. The decrease of serum CysC level may be one of the mechanisms by which HUK reduces the incidence of PSCI.
Anti-GQ1b Antibody Syndrome with Visual Impairment: A Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Zeng Qing , Li Juan , Feng Shu-Xing , Xiao Pei-Yao , Zheng Yi-Fan , Zhang Cheng , Liao Song-Jie
Published: April 2022

Background: Anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome referred to a clinical spectrum characterized by acute onset of ataxia, ophthalmoplegia and areflexia, while visual deterioration was rarely reported in terms of ocular disorders. This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome with visual impairment. Methods: The database at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University was searched from 2014 to 2020. Patients with anti-GQ1b IgG were identified and divided into two groups according to the existence of optic neuropathy. Clinical and laboratory data of these subjects between the two groups were collected and analyzed. All patients were followed up by telephone to assess the outcome. Results: A total of 12 patients with seropositive anti-GQ1b antibody were included, 75% of which got antecedent infection. Of these cases, 3 showed visual deterioration accompanied by abnormal orbital magnetic resonance imaging or visual evoked potentials, and the other 9 didn’t show any evidence of vision impairment. Patients in the optic neuropathy group presented prominent visual impairments as initial symptoms and were more likely to suffer from facial weakness. There were 4 patients in normal visual acuity group complaining of blurred vision due to intraocular muscle paralysis, which was distinguished by subsequent examination. The combination of glucocorticoids and intravenous immunoglobulin was applied to treat patients with optic neuropathy. Conclusions: This study provides strong evidence that anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome can exhibit visual impairment, which helps further expand the clinical spectrum of anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome. More attention should be paid to the physical and supplementary ophthalmological examination to explore the pathogenesis and treatment of anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome.
Relapsing MOG-IgG-associated diseases coexisting with anti-NMDAR encephalitis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Wang Mengmeng , Tan Jing , Zhou Ziyang , Wang Yihan , Bako Samira Yerima , Yang Yaoqiang , Lin Yongzhong
Published: April 2022

Background: In recent years, an overlapping syndrome, MNOS, of MOG encephalomyelitis and NMDARE has been clinically identified. In these diseases, both MOG-Ab and NMDAR-Ab are positive. Previous studies were almost case reports and incomprehensive which focused on this kind of overlapping syndrome in adults. Methods: We reported a rare case of MNOS. In addition, we reviewed the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of MNOS in adults by consulting relevant literature. Results: The patient initially presented with CNS demyelination symptoms followed by recurrent encephalitis, concomitant anti-MOG, and NMDAR antibodies. His symptoms improved significantly after initiating hormonal therapy. We searched previous MNOS case reports and 17 adult MNOS cases were retrieved. The previous history of all patients was unremarkable. Most of these patients (72.2%, 13/18) first developed NMDR encephalitis-related symptoms, such as cognitive behavior abnormalities, cognitive decline, and epilepsy. Some patients (16.7%, 3/18) first developed MOG-related demyelinating symptoms, such as visual deterioration, walking instability, and dizziness. The most common site of new brain lesions was the supratentorial region. In the acute phase, MNOS patients were sensitive to hormone therapy. During the follow-up, 72.2% (13/18) of the patients relapsed, with a median interval of 12.25 months. Immunotherapy was still effective after recurrence, and no deaths were reported. Conclusions: (1) The clinical manifestations of MNOS are atypical, sometimes like MOG encephalomyelitis, sometimes like NMDARE, sometimes both of the characteristic clinical manifestations are present. (2) Immunotherapy is the primary treatment of patients with MNOS. (3) MNOS are prone to recurrence, and serum MOG and tumor markers should be monitored.
Transcatheter mitral valve repair for primary mitral regurgitation
Authors: Attar Rowa H. , Little Stephen H. , Faza Nadeen N.
Published: April 2022

The landscape of transcatheter mitral valve repair devices continues to expand, with many technologies undergoing investigation in patients with primary mitral regurgitation (MR). Transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) of the mitral valve is currently approved for management of patients with severe primary MR who are deemed to be high risk surgical candidates. The current review will focus on an integrative clinical and echocardiographic approach to guide patient selection, intra-procedural imaging guidance, and post procedural follow up in patients undergoing TEER. This review will also highlight future directions in transcatheter repair techniques of the mitral valve.
Mitral Annular Disjunction: Pathophysiology, Pro-Arrhythmic Profile and Repair Pearls
Authors: Karangelis Dimos , Mylonas Konstantinos S. , Krommydas Argyris , Loggos Spiros , Androutsopoulou Vasiliki , Stakos Dimitrios , Mikroulis Dimitrios , Tzifa Aphrodite , Mitropoulos Fotios
Published: April 2022

Mitral annular disjunction (MAD) is a structural abnormality defined by a distinct separation of the mitral valve annulus—left atrial wall continuum and the basal aspect of the posterolateral left ventricle. This anomaly is often observed in patients with myxomatous mitral valve prolapse. Importantly, MAD has been strongly associated with serious ventricular arrhythmias and predisposes to sudden cardiac death. Therefore, we have to emphasize the need to diagnose this morphologic and functional abnormality in routine practice in order to facilitate optimal mitral valve repair and minimize patient risks. Nevertheless, clinical knowledge regarding MAD still remains limited. In the present review, we aim to shed light on several aspects of MAD, including distinct anatomical and pathophysiological characteristics, imaging modalities, association with ventricular arrhythmias, and current methods of treatment.
Right Atrial and Right Ventricular Function Assessed by Speckle Tracking in Patients with Inferior Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Espinola-Zavaleta Nilda , Gonzalez-Velasquez Pablo José , Gopar-Nieto Rodrigo , Camacho-Camacho Gyselle , Solorzano-Pinot Enrique , Fernández-Badillo Valente , Berarducci Joaquin , Armenta-Moreno Javier Ivan , Alexanderson-Rosas Erick
Published: April 2022

Background: In patients with inferior myocardial infarction (MI), involvement of the right chambers has a prognostic impact. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of left ventricular (LV) inferior wall MI in the right atrial (RA), and right ventricular (RV) longitudinal strain (LS) by 2D speckle tracking echocardiography (STE). Methods: 60 consecutive patients who underwent myocardial perfusion (MP) gated SPECT for chest pain were included. We studied 30 patients with LV inferior MI and 30 control subjects with normal MP. RV ejection fraction was measured by 3D transthoracic echocardiography, RV-free wall LS and RA reservoir, contraction, and conduit phases strain were analyzed by 2D speckle tracking echocardiography (STE). Results: The median age in the LV inferior MI was 65 (54–70) years, 27% had a transmural myocardial infarction and 47% had residual myocardial ischemia, most of them, mild (36.7%). RV-free wall LS (–26.1 vs –30.3, p < 0.01), RA LS-reservoir phase (31.5 vs 56.2, p < 0.01), and RA-conduit phase LS (12.5 vs 35, p = 0.01) were significantly lower in the LV inferior MI patients compared to control subjects. In a logistic regression model, the MI of the LV reduced the 3D ejection fraction of both ventricles, mitral regurgitation, and pulmonary hypertension were associated with a decrease in RV LS and RA LS. Conclusions: This study shows that RV free wall LS, RA peak strain (reservoir phase), and RA conduit phase strain were significantly lower in patients with LV inferior MI vs control individuals. Subclinical extension to the RV in the inferior MI of the LV and its role in the longitudinal strain of RA could be determined using speckle tracking echocardiography.
Cardiac Involvement and Arrhythmias Associated with Myotonic Dystrophy
Authors: McBride Daniel , Deshmukh Amrish , Shore Supriya , Elafros Melissa A. , Liang Jackson J.
Published: April 2022

Myotonic dystrophy is an autosomal dominant genetic disease of nucleotide expansion resulting in neuromuscular disease with two distinct subtypes. There are significant systemic manifestations of this condition including progressive muscular decline, neurologic abnormalities, and cardiac disease. Given the higher prevalence of cardiac dysfunction compared to the general population, there is significant interest in early diagnosis and prevention of cardiac morbidity and mortality. Cardiac dysfunction has an origin in abnormal and unstable nucleotide repeats in the DMPK and CNBP genes which have downstream effects leading to an increased propensity for arrhythmias and left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Current screening paradigms involve the use of routine screening electrocardiograms, ambulatory electrocardiographic monitors, and cardiac imaging to stratify risk and suggest further invasive evaluation. The most common cardiac abnormality is atrial arrhythmia, however there is significant mortality in this population from high-degree atrioventricular block and ventricular arrhythmia. In this review, we describe the cardiac manifestations of myotonic dystrophy with an emphasis on arrhythmia which is the second most common cause of death in this population after respiratory failure.
Increase of Oxidative Stress by Deficiency of The ALDH2/UCP2/Nrf2 Axis Exacerbates Cardiac Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Xu Lei , Han Shasha , Chen Zhaoyang , Shen Cheng , Yao Zihan , Wang Peng , Zou Yunzeng , Sun Aijun , Ge Junbo
Published: April 2022

Background: Both epidemiologic and experimental studies have evidenced that chronic kidney disease (CKD) could increase the incidence and risk of cardiac dysfunction, especially in aging patients. However, the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. Methods: In this study, we used 8 weeks old male wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice and ALDH2 knockout (ALDH2-/-) mice with C57BL/6 background. Here the 5/6 nephrectomy (NX) mouse model was constructed to study how CKD affects cardiac function and explored the related role of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), a well-established cardioprotective factor, in this process. Results: Compensatory cardiac hypertrophy was found in wild type (WT) mice 12 weeks post 5/6 NX as shown by increased left ventricular wall thickness (LVWD), cross-sectional area (CSA) of cardiomyocytes, and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shorten (FS). Deficiency of ALDH2 (ALDH2-/-) significantly reduced EF and FS as compared with WT mice 12 weeks post 5/6 NX, while left ventricular hypertrophy was similar between the two NX groups. ALDH2-/- CKD groups showed more severe nephritic damages and increased fibrosis deposition in hearts. Besides, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis were also significantly upregulated in hearts of ALDH2-/- NX mice. The above changes were related with decreased expressions of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) and nuclear factor like 2 (Nrf2), as well as the downstream effectors of Nrf2 (heme oxygenase-1, HO-1 and superoxide dismutase 2, SOD2). Conclusions: Our data indicated that ALDH2 deficiency did not affect NX-induced left ventricular hypertrophy, but could increase oxidative stress and exacerbate CKD-induced cardiac dysfunction, partly via downregulation of UCP2 and Nrf2/ARE (antioxidant response element) pathways.
Drug-coated Balloons in the Neurovascular Setting: A Comprehensive, Systematic Review of Current Use and Indications
Authors: von Gottberg Philipp , Cimpoca Alexandru , Wendl Christina , Cohen José E. , Speck Ulrich , Henkes Hans
Published: April 2022

Background: Drug-coated balloons (DCB) are an established tool in the prevention and treatment of coronary and peripheral artery restenosis. The underlying effects of restenosis resemble those in the neurovascular field, yet data on the use of DCB in cervical and intracranial arteries is rare. Methods: Medline, and international and major national guidelines and recommendations were systematically searched for data addressing the use of DCB in the neurovascular setting. Results: Of the 1448 relevant records found in Medline, 166 publications were considered for this review. Conclusions: Data on the use of DCB in the neurovascular setting show a possible benefit over preceding alternatives, such as self-expanding stents, and balloon-mounted or drug-eluting stents. Nonetheless, the role of DCB remains under-researched, and publications remain lacking.
Cardiac Structure and Function in Junior Athletes: A Systematic Review of Echocardiographic Studies
Authors: Weberruß Heidi , Engl Tobias , Baumgartner Lisa , Mühlbauer Frauke , Shehu Nerejda , Oberhoffer-Fritz Renate
Published: April 2022

Background: In young athletes, the level of competitiveness in sports is increasing, as well as frequency and intensity of exercise training. Adaptations of the cardiac system to this increased workload imposed by exercise has not yet been studied sufficiently. In adults, studies point towards a shift from the functional athlete’s heart towards pathological cardiac remodelling, with ventricular arrythmia and impaired cardiac function, that is exercise-related. This systematic review investigates cardiac adaptations to exercise in junior athletes compared to inactive controls. Methods: Three electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect and Web of Science) were searched for studies assessing 2-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (2D TTE) and 2-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D STE) parameters in junior athletes, aged 7–19 years, compared to inactive controls. Data was screened and extracted by two reviewers; study quality and risk of bias was assessed by three reviewers. Results: Eight out of 1460 studies met all inclusion criteria, with all studies reporting results on 2D TTE and six studies reporting results on 2D STE parameters in 540 (51 girls) junior athletes and 270 (18 girls) controls. There is evidence for structural cardiac adaptations of the left ventricle and both atria in junior athletes. Results regarding left ventricular function are controversial with a tendency to improved function in dynamic exercising athletes. Left ventricular mass and relative wall thickness point towards higher values in static exercising athletes. Conclusions: Cardiac adaptations to exercise occur in children and adolescents. These adaptations are more pronounced in structural left ventricular parameters. Functional parameters are preserved or slightly improved in junior athletes but not impaired by exercise.
Trans fatty acid intake increases likelihood of dyslipidemia especially among individuals with higher saturated fat consumption
Authors: Magriplis Emmanuella , Marakis Georgios , Kotopoulou Sotiria , Naska Androniki , Michas George , Micha Renata , Panagiotakos Demosthenes , Zampelas Antonis
Published: April 2022

Background: Evidence points to adverse effects of trans fatty acids (TFA) on health. The aim of this study was to estimate total TFA intake, evaluate major food contributors and its effect on dyslipidemia. Methods: A total of 3537 adults (48.3% males) were included. Total TFA intake was assessed using two 24-hour dietary recalls. Foods were categorized into specific food groups. Adjusted Logistic Regression analysis was performed to assess the likelihood of dyslipidemia by tertile of TFA aand Saturated Fatty Acid (SFA) level. Results: Median TFA intake was 0.53% of energy (from 0.34 to 0.81) ranging from 0.27 (Q1) to 0.95 (Q3) (p < 0.001, for trend), and 16% of individuals consumed TFA above 1% of their total energy. Cheese was the main contributor to TFA intake, with processed/refined grains and fried fish following. The latter was the main contributor in older adults (51+ years). Adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that individuals at the highest tertile of trans consumption were 30% more likely to have dyslipidemia compared to the lowest (OR(Q⁢3-Q⁢1): 1.3; 95% CI: 1.02–1.66 and OR(Q⁢2-Q⁢1): 1.3; 95% CI:1.01–1.66, respectively). This increased by 10% when stratified by SFA intake (OR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.061–1.942) and remained significant only in individuals at the highest tertile and with higher than recommended SFA intake. Conclusions: A high intake of TFA combined with high SFA intakes further increase the likelihood of dyslipidemia and should be accounted for in public health prevention programs. Monitoring and evaluation of the recent EU legislative measures on TFA levels in foods is also necessary.
Takotsubo Syndrome in the Emergency Room — Diagnostic Challenges and Suggested Algorithm
Authors: Moady Gassan , Rubinstein Gal , Mobarki Loai , Atar Shaul
Published: April 2022

Takotsubo syndrome is an important condition to consider among patients with acute chest pain in the emergency room. It often mimics acute coronary syndrome since chest pain and ECG changes are key features in both conditions. The hallmark of takotsubo syndrome is transient left ventricular dysfunction (characterized by apical ballooning) followed by complete echocardiographic recovery in most cases. Although most patients exhibit a benign course, lethal complications may occur. The use of hand-held point-of-care focused cardiac ultrasound may be helpful for early identification of takotsubo syndrome and distinguishing it from acute coronary syndrome and other cardiovascular emergencies. Emergency room physicians should be familiar with typical and atypical presentations of takotsubo syndrome and its key electrocardiographic changes. The approach in the emergency room should be based on a combination the clinical presentation, ECG, and handheld echocardiography device findings, rather than a single electrocardiographic algorithm.
Primary Causes of Death Reported to the FDA Suggest Less Ticagrelor Mortality Benefit than the List Issued to the PLATO Trial Investigators
Authors: Serebruany Victor , Tanguay Jean-Francois , Marciniak Thomas
Published: April 2022

Background: The PLATO trial data set reported to the FDA (DRFDA) revealed that some primary deaths causes (PDC) were inaccurately reported favoring ticagrelor. Trial Investigators (DRTI) received different data set with more ticagrelor mortality advantage. We compared these two death lists for the match in PDC. Methods and Results: The DRFDA contains 938 deaths, while the DRTI contains 905. We matched “vascular”, “non-vascular”, “unknown”, “missed”, and “other” causes of death between DRFDA and DRTI. The DRFDA used 14 vascular, 9 non-vascular, 1 unknown and 1 other PDC codes, while the DRTI used 14 but different vascular, 14 non-vascular but no unknown or other PDC codes. We observed a significant mismatch for the PDC codes between the DRFDA and DRTI data sets. Most DRFDA deaths were vascular (n = 677), fewer non-vascular (n = 159) and unexpectedly many unknown (n = 95) or other (n = 7) PDC. Surprisingly, the shorter DRTI contains more vascular (n = 795), fewer non-vascular (n = 110), but no unknown, other, or missed causes. There were more sudden deaths in DRTI than in DRFDA (161 vs. 138; p < 0.03), twice as many post-myocardial infarction deaths (373 vs. 178; p < 0.001) but fewer heart failure deaths (73 vs. 109; p = 0.02). The reported non-vascular PDC match better except for 2 extra suicides in the clopidogrel arm of the DRTI. Conclusions: Over 100 “unknown”, “missed”, or “other” PDC events reported by the trial sponsor to the FDA were omitted from the investigator data set contributing to the inflated differences in vascular mortality benefit of ticagrelor reported in numerous PLATO publications. Synchronization of PDC reporting between regulatory agencies and investigators was lacking in PLATO but remains mandatory to ensure quality for future indication-seeking trials.
Aging and Cardiovascular Disease: Current Status and Challenges
Authors: Zhou Mengge , Zhao Guanqi , Zeng Yuhong , Zhu Jiming , Cheng Feng , Liang Wannian
Published: April 2022

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Population aging is becoming the most important driver of the CVD epidemic. With the rapid increase in an aging population, the burden of CVD will continuously increase. Most old people also suffer multimorbidity, which is strongly associated with impaired quality of life, disability, dependence, and mortality. However, few reviews evaluated the CVD burden accompanied by population aging and the challenges of CVD care in elderly individuals with multimorbidity. This review identified and summarized the current status of the CVD epidemic associated with aging and highlighted the challenges and needs of CVD care for the elderly.
Cardiac manifestations in hyperthyroidism
Authors: Navarro-Navajas Alberto , Cruz José David , Ariza-Ordoñez Nicolas , Giral Helman , Palmezano Jorge , Bolívar-Mejía Adrián , Santana Quindo , Fernandez Ricardo , Durango Luisa , Saldarriaga Clara , Mateus Juan Camilo , Garnica Diego , Sarta-García José Guillermo , Lizcano Fernando , Tapias Carlos Andrés
Published: April 2022

Thyroid hormones have a fundamental impact on cardiac function that is mediated by genomic and nongenomic effects, alterations that condition physiological repercussions that lead to changes in frequency, contractility, rhythm and cardiac output as well as an increase in the incidence and prevalence of different cardiovascular diseases. This document presents an updated review of the implications that hyperthyroidism has in different cardiac conditions, including its importance in the evaluation of perioperative cardiovascular risk.
Immediate Recognition and Surgical Treatment of Iatrogenic Acute Type A Aortic Dissection Is Associated with Low Hospital Mortality and High Intermediate-Term Survival
Authors: Wang Yulin , Liu Fangyu , Song Kai , Lai Hao , Sun Yongxin , Li Jun , Wang Chunsheng , Ji Qiang
Published: April 2022

Background: To investigate short- and intermediate-term outcomes of immediate (on table) recognition and surgical treatment of iatrogenic acute type A aortic dissection (ATAD) that occurred during the course of the cardiac surgical procedures. Methods: Of 23,143 adult patients undergoing cardiac surgical procedures at our institution from January 2016 to December 2020, 21 (0.09%) suffered from intraoperative iatrogenic ATAD and underwent immediate aortic repair. Their clinical characteristics, in-hospital outcomes and follow-up results were analyzed. Results: Among the 21 patients, 13 (61.9%) suffered from hypertension, and 14 (66.7%) had a dilated ascending aorta. In-hospital mortality was 9.5%, and new onset of permanent neurologic deficit was recorded in one patient. During a median follow-up of 36.0 months, all 18 follow-up patients survived without repeated surgeries. A follow-up computed tomography (CT) examination revealed a residual false lumen in the aortic arch in 3 patients and in the descending aorta in 8, with residual false lumen perfusion in one. Conclusions: Immediate recognition and surgical repair of ATAD that developed as a complication during cardiac surgical procedures are associated with low mortality and high intermediate-term survival.
DefiPaceTM System, A New Device for Cardioversion of Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery — Preliminary Results
Authors: Mair Helmut , Vogt Ferdinand , Göppl Johannes , Goldin Evgeny , Rosenzweig Dow , Kofler Paul , Santarpino Guiseppe , Lamm Peter
Published: April 2022

Objectives: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a frequent complication following cardiac surgery. This study examined the safety and efficacy of the new DefiPaceTM system consisting of two bi-atrial temporary pacing and cardioversion electrodes, a ventricular electrode and the DefiPaceTM device (combined external pacemaker and cardioverter) for low-energy atrial cardioversion. Methods: The temporary electrodes were placed on the left and right atrium during open heart surgery. Pacing thresholds and sensing were measured up to the 6th postoperative day. The satisfactory handling of the electrodes was measured with a visual analog scale (VAS) 1–10, with 10 being the best and 1 being the lowest. In case of POAF, R-wave synchronous low-energy shocks (0.5–10 J) were applied for cardioversion. Results: Temporary electrodes were implanted in 29 patients (age 65.6 ± 10.4 years; 21 males, 14 OPCAB, 15 on-pump cardiac operations). Left or right atrial pacing thresholds ranged from 1.9 ± 1.3 V/ms to 5.0 ± 3.3 V/ms and P-wave sensing from 0.9 ± 0.6 mV to 1.5 ± 0.7 mV. VAS for handling of electrodes: implantation 7.1 ± 0.8 and removal 8.4 ± 1.0. POAF was observed in four patients. Two patients had successful atrial cardioversion with 3.5 J and 4.5 J. One patient converted spontaneously, and one patient remained in PAOF. There were no device-related adverse events. Conclusions: The DefiPaceTM system can be used safely in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Policy of the government of General P.N. Wrangel in relation to the Crimean Tatars
Authors: Beloglazov Roman , Osipovsky Semyon
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the policy of the government of General P.N. Wrangel in relation to the Crimean Tatars in the spring-autumn of 1920, when the command of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia in the Crimea tried to attract the main strata of the population, as well as national minorities, to its side with the help of moderate reforms. It is established that the political course towards the Muslims of the peninsula, which assumed limited self-government in the cultural and religious sphere, was opportunistic and did not receive support among the majority of Crimean Tatars united by the national democratic movement, whose leadership structures were opposed to whites and were active participants in socio-political processes in the region.
Personnel policy of Yugoslavia in 1951—1961: from decentralization to Republican nomenclature clans
Authors: Shakhin Yuri , Senyushkina Tatiana , Senyushkin Evgeny
Published: April 2022

Based on an analysis of published and archival sources, the article attempts to investigate the general principles of the personnel service organization and the distribution of powers in personnel service between the federal center and the republics of Yugoslavia after the ruling party in 1951 set out to limit the nomenclature approach to the placement of personnel. In 1951-1961 the personnel system has gone through a phase of collapse, restoration and stabilization. All three stages are characterized by a shift in the center of personnel work towards republics and a weakening of the union center role. The established mechanisms for appointing personnel led to the strengthening of the republican nomenclature clans and began to hinder the policy of decentralization. As the centralized mechanisms for the placement of personnel weakened, the space for the functioning of informal ties expanded among the Yugoslav nomenclature.
MEMBANGUN KEPUASAN PELANGGAN MELALUI MUTU, PELAYANAN DAN NILAI
Authors: Ahmad Rahmayani
Published: April 2022

Makalah ini berjudul membangun kepuasan pelanggan melalui mutu, pelayanan, dan nilai. Dalam hal ini penuls mengkaji tentang apa itu nilai dan kepuasan pelanggan, serta rantai nilai maupun system penghantar nilai dan yang terakhir ialah bagaimana cara mempertahankan pelanggan. Pelanggan adalah nyawa dari setiap bisnis yang dibangun. Bisnis tidak akan bisa tumbuh dengan besar tanpa adanya dukungan dan dorongan dari pelanggan yang mempercayakan kebutuhan mereka kepada bisnis tersebut. Menciptakan pelanggan yang loyal adalah inti dari setiap bisnis. upaya peningkatan kualitas pelayanan diharapkan dapat menumbuh kembangkan loyalitas pelanggan. Sebagaimana yang terjadi pada industri jasa, pelayanan yang memuaskan bisa menjadi stimulant bagi para konsumen untuk bersikap loyal. Di buatnya makalah ini bertujuan untuk memenuhi tugas dari mata kuliah yang bersangkutan serta lebih menambah wawasan bagi para pembaca.
Determining the Physical Fitness of Individuals with Autism in Early and Middle Adolescence Period
Authors: Akdoğan Aybike Sultan , Uzun Ahmet
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study is to determine the physical fitness levels of individuals with autism by comparing them with individuals in the early and middle adolescence periods with normal development and the needs of the individuals with autism in terms of physical fitness. This study is carried out at the Selçuklu Autism Foundation, which is the largest autism education center in Turkey. It is carried out in this center with autistic individuals aged 10-17 who have received sports training for at least one year, and randomly selected individuals between the ages of 10-17 who do not do sports and show normal development. In this study, the cross-sectional survey model, one of the survey models, is used. The physical fitness levels of individuals with and without autism participating in the research are determined by the Brockport Physical Fitness Test developed by the State University of New York and some motoric test batteries. The t-test for the difference between arithmetic means in independent groups is used. The other measurement is the non-parametric Mann Witney U test. According to the study findings, a high level of significant difference is found between BMI, triceps, calf, right and left hand grip, back strength, trunk lift, long jump and one mile running values in both t-test and Mann-Whitney U results in early and middle adolescence periods. As a result, according to Brockport test values, it shows that all values of individuals with autism are physically behind the individuals with normal development. These results show that individuals with autism are shorter in stature, have higher body weights and have higher BMI values than individuals with normal development.
The Verb–Self Link: An Implicit Association Test Study
Authors: Weis Patrick P. , Nikadon Jan , Herbert Cornelia , Formanowicz Magdalena
Published: April 2022

Agency is defined as the ability to assign and pursue goals. Given people’s focus on achieving their own goals, agency has been found to be strongly linked to the self. In two studies (N =168), we examined whether this self–agency link is visible from a linguistic perspective. As the preferred grammatical category to convey agency is verbs, we hypothesize that, in the Implicit Association Test (IAT), verbs (vs. nouns) would be associated more strongly with the self (vs. others). Our results confirmed this hypothesis. Participants exhibited particularly fast responses when reading self-related stimuli (e.g., “me” or “my”) and verb stimuli (e.g., “deflect” or “contemplate”) both necessitated pressing an identical rather than different response keys in the IAT (d = .25). The finding connects two streams of literature—on the link between agency and verbs and on the link between self and agency—suggesting a triad between self, agency, and verbs. We argue that this verb–self link (1) opens up new perspectives for understanding linguistic expressions of agency and (2) expands our understanding of how word choice impacts socio-cognitive processing.
Think about the mind-technology problem: A book review
Authors: Ho Tung Manh
Published: April 2022

The Mind-Technology Problem: Investigating Minds, Selves, and 21st century artefacts edited by Clowes et al. (2021) covers a wide range of issues related to the development of technologies that emulate parts or even the whole of our mind. The editors and authors have, in accessible language, introduced the readers to numerous technical and philosophical discussions of artificial intelligence, mind-uploading possibilities, etc.
Konsep dan Teori Uang dalam Perspektif Islam
Authors: MIRNAWATI
Published: April 2022

Dalam ekonomi islam, konsep uang sangat jelas dan tegas bahwa uang adalah uang, uang bukan capital. Sebaliknya, konsep uang yang dikemukakan dalam ekonomi konvensional tidak jelas. Sering kali istilah uang dalam perspektif ekonomi konvensional diartikan secara bolak-balik (interchangeability), yaitu uang sebagai uang dan uang sebagai capital.
Resume Konsep dan Teori Uang Dalam Islam
Authors: Jannah Miftahul
Published: April 2022

Konsep uang dalam ekonomi islam berbeda dengan konsep uang dalam ekonomi konvensional. Dalam ekonomi islam, konsep uang sangat jelas dan tegas bahwa uang adalah uang, uang bukan capital.Sebaliknya, konsep uang yang dikemukakan dalam ekonomi konvensional tidak jelas. Sering kali istilah uang dalam perspektif ekonomi konvensional diartikan secara bolak-balik (interchangeability), yaitu uang sebagai uang dan uang sebagai capital.
MAKALAH MANAJEMEN KOPERASI
Authors: saputri Anggraeni Dwi
Published: April 2022

Peter Davis (1999) memformulasikan bahwa manajemen koperasi diselenggarakan oleh orang orang yang bertanggung jawab untuk mengelola koperasi, nilai-nilai dan kekayaanya.
Children's Perceptions of Basketball through Metaphors and Drawings
Authors: Çaredar Nagihan , Pekel Aylin Özge , Cengizel Çağdaş Özgür
Published: April 2022

In order to improve the performance of children, their physical needs as well as their mental needs should be known. The aim of this study is to reveal the perceptions of basketball concepts of athletes attending basketball sports schools with the help of metaphors and drawings. A total of 57 athletes who trained in basketball sports schools in Ankara participated in this study. It was used qualitative research approach in this study. In obtaining the data, a personal information form was applied to each athlete and "basketball ...... it is like this; because …" and were asked to draw a picture reflecting their thoughts on the concept of basketball. All participants took part in the study on a voluntary basis. The data were analyzed by content analysis technique. As a result; it was seen athletes draw on the theme of basketball as “sports, being an element of gain and emotion.”
Expansion and intensification of the North American Monsoon during the Pliocene
Authors: Bhattacharya Tripti , Feng Ran , Tierney Jessica , Burls Natalie , Knapp Scott , Fu Minmin
Published: April 2022

Southwestern North America, like many subtropical regions, is predicted to become drier in response to anthropogenic warming. However, during the Pliocene, when carbon dioxide was above pre-industrial levels, multiple lines of evidence suggest that southwestern North America was much wetter. While existing explanations for a wet Pliocene invoke increases in winter rain, recent modeling studies hypothesize that summer rain may have also played an important role. Here, we present the first direct evidence for an intensified Pliocene monsoon in southwestern North America using leaf wax hydrogen isotopes. These new records provide evidence that the Pliocene featured an intensified and expanded North American Monsoon. Using proxies and isotope-enabled model simulations, we show that monsoon intensification is linked to amplified warming on the southern California margin relative to the tropical Pacific. This mechanism has clear relevance for understanding present-day monsoon variations, since we show that intervals of amplified subtropical warming on the California margin, as are seen during modern California margin heat waves, are associated with a stronger monsoon. Since marine heat waves are predicted to increase in frequency, the future may bring intervals of `Pliocene-like' rainfall that co-exist with intensifying megadrought in southwestern North America, with implications for ecosystems, human infrastructure, and water resources