bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient Server-Aided 2PC for Mobile Phones
Authors: Mohassel Payman , Orobets Ostap , Riva Ben
Published: January 2016

Secure Two-Party Computation (2PC) protocols allow two parties to compute a function of their private inputs without revealing any information besides the output of the computation. There exist low cost general-purpose protocols for semi-honest parties that can be efficiently executed even on smartphones. However, for the case of malicious parties, current 2PC protocols are significantly less efficient, limiting their use to more resourceful devices. In this work we present an efficient 2PC protocol that is secure against malicious parties and is light enough to be used on mobile phones. The protocol is an adaptation of the protocol of Nielsen et al. (Crypto, 2012) to the Server-Aided setting, a natural relaxation of the plain model for secure computation that allows the parties to interact with a server (e.g., a cloud) who is assumed not to collude with any of the parties. Our protocol has two stages: In an offline stage - where no party knows which function is to be computed, nor who else is participating - each party interacts with the server and downloads a file. Later, in the online stage, when two parties decide to execute a 2PC together, they can use the files they have downloaded earlier to execute the computation with cost that is lower than the currently best semi-honest 2PC protocols. We show an implementation of our protocol for Android mobile phones, discuss several optimizations and report on its evaluation for various circuits. For example, the online stage for evaluating a single AES circuit requires only 2.5 seconds and can be further reduced to 1 second (amortized time) with multiple executions.
Towards Mining Latent Client Identifiers from Network Traffic
Authors: Jain Sakshi , Javed Mobin , Paxson Vern
Published: January 2016

Websites extensively track users via identifiers that uniquely map to client machines or user accounts. Although such tracking has desirable properties like enabling personalization and website analytics, it also raises serious concerns about online user privacy, and can potentially enable illicit surveillance by adversaries who broadly monitor network traffic.

In this work we seek to understand the possibilities of latent identifiers appearing in user traffic in forms beyond those already well-known and studied, such as browser and Flash cookies. We develop a methodology for processing large network traces to semi-automatically discover identifiers sent by clients that distinguish users/devices/browsers, such as usernames, cookies, custom user agents, and IMEI numbers. We address the challenges of scaling such discovery up to enterprise-sized data by devising multistage filtering and streaming algorithms. The resulting methodology reflects trade-offs between reducing the ultimate analysis burden and the risk of missing potential identifier strings. We analyze 15 days of data from a site with several hundred users and capture dozens of latent identifiers, primarily in HTTP request components, but also in non-HTTP protocols.
Mailet: Instant Social Networking under Censorship
Authors: Li Shuai , Hopper Nicholas
Published: January 2016

Social media websites are blocked in many regimes where Internet censorship is applied. In this paper, we introduce Mailet, an unobservable transport proxy which enables the users to access social websites by email applications. Without assuming the Mailet servers are trustworthy, Mailet can support the services requiring privileges without having the complete credential. Particularly, the credential is split and distributed in two Mailet servers, and neither of them can recover the credential alone. To recover the credential in a TLS record message, we propose a highly efficient Galois/ Counter Mode(GCM) based secure computation, which can enable the two servers to conceal their separate credential copies in the computation. We implemented a prototype for Twitter.com to demonstrate the usability and security of Mailet.
Nucleic Acid Computing and its Potential to Transform Silicon-Based Technology
Authors: Abels Seth G. , Khisamutdinov Emil F.
Published: January 2016

Molecular computers have existed on our planet for more than 3.5 billion years. Molecular computing devices, composed of biological substances such as nucleic acids, are responsible for the logical processing of a variety of inputs, creating viable outputs that are key components of the cellular machinery of all living organisms. We have begun to adopt some of the structural and functional knowledge of the cellular apparatus in order to fabricate nucleic-acid-based molecular computers in vitro and in vivo. Nucleic acid computing is directly dependent on advances in DNA and RNA nanotechnology. The field is still emerging and a number of challenges persist. Perhaps the most salient among these is how to translate a variety of nucleic-acid-based logic gates, developed by numerous research laboratories, into the realm of silicon-based computing. This mini-review provides some basic information on the advances in nucleic-acid-based computing and its potential to serve as an alternative that can revolutionize silicon-based technology.
Deontic meaning making in legislative discourse
Authors: Li Jian , Cheng Le , Cheng Winnie
Published: January 2016

Modality and negation, as two important linguistic features used to realise subjectivity, have been investigated within various disciplines, such as logic, linguistics and philosophy, and law. The interaction between modality and negation, as a relatively new and undeveloped domain, has however not been paid due attention in scholarship. This corpus-based study investigates three aspects of their interaction: the differentiation of the deontic value by negation, the categorization of deontic modality in Hong Kong legislation via negation, and distribution patterns of deontic modality, especially distribution patterns of the negation of modality, in Hong Kong legislation. This study shows that negation is a powerful linguistic mechanism not only for determining the nature and functions of modality, but also for determining the value of modality. This study also reveals that negation helps us to investigate the distribution of deontic modality in Hong Kong legislation and hence revisit the legal framework in Hong Kong. A study taking into account the discursive and professional aspects of the interaction between deontic modality and negation will provide a theoretical basis for the natural language processing of modality and negation in legislation and also offer important implications for the study of negation and modality in general contexts.
Discussion on the Comprehensive Chinese Medicine Treatment for Postoperative Syndrome of Cancer: an Enlightening from Xu Lao Disease Chapter in Golden Cabinet Stored Recipes
Authors: Yin Zhou-An , Long Ling , Luo Chen-Yu , Wen Yue-Xi , Yuan Zhen-Yi
Published: January 2016

By analyzing the pathogenesis features of postoperative syndrome of cancer (PSC)in the light of traditional Chinese medicine, and by summarizing the Zhong-Jin ZHANG’s principles and ideas of treatment as well as herbal and formula utilization on Xu Lao Disease (consumptive disease) in his work Golden Cabinet Stored Recipes, combining with our own experience, to elucidate the basic processing principles of traditional Chinese medicine for postoperative syndrome of cancer.
The Effects of Moxibustion on Serum Interleukins and T Cell Subset in H.polyri Infected Rats
Authors: Shen Jing , Peng Yan , Shi Dong-Mei , Feng Yin-Shuai , Hou Yan-Ling , Lin Ya-Ping
Published: January 2016

Objective: to observe the effects of moxibustion on histomorphological changes of gastric mucosa, as well as on serum IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α，Hp IgG、CD3
+、CD4
+、CD8
+ in helicobacter pylori (Hp) infected rats, so that to better understand how the moxibustion repairs the Hp- induced gastric mucosal injury.

Methods: 40 SD rats were randomly assigned to four groups: group A (blank control), group B (Hp infection model), group C (moxibustion plus model), group D (electro-acupuncture plus model), 10 for each group. The “NaHCO3 plus Indometacin and Hp intragastric administration” method was employed to make gastritis model. Acupoints selected for “repair” purpose were Zu San Li (ST36), Zhong Wan (CV12), Guan Yuan (RN4), Pi Shu (BL20), Wei Shu(BL21). The histomorphological changes of gastric mucosa in rats were observed under light microscope after HE stain; IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, Hp IgG values were evaluated by ELISA method; values of CD3
+、CD4
+、CD8
+、CD4
+/CD8
+ were measured by flow cytometry method.

Results: compared with group A, the values of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, Hp IgG and CD8
+ in group B were increased（P＜0.01）, whereas the values of CD3
+、CD4
+、CD4
+/CD8
+ were decreased（P＜0.01）. Compared with group B, the values of IL-8（P＜0.05）,TNF-α（P＜0.05）, IL-6（P＜0.01）, Hp IgG（P＜0.01） and CD8
+ （P＜0.05） in group C were decreased, whereas the values of CD3
+（P＜0.05）,CD4
+（P＜0.05）,CD4
+/CD8
+ （P＜0.05） were increased, meanwhile such values in group D had no significant changes. Compared with group D, the values of IL-6（P＜0.05）,IL-8 （P＜0.05）and Hp IgG （P＜0.01）in group C were decreased, whereas CD4
+/CD8
+（P＜0.05）were increased, all those changes had statistical significance.

Conclusion: the preventive and therapeutic effects of moxibustion on Hp related gastritis might be realized by two ways- to inhibit the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α, or to regulate the production of immune factors (such as up-regulation of CD3
+, CD4
+ and down-regulation of CD8
+).
An Experimental Study on the Mechanisms of Ge Hua Jie Cheng Decoction for Rats with Alcoholic Liver Injuries
Authors: Yin Zhou-An , Mao Ya-Nan , He Yuan-Yuan , Long Ling , Luo Cheng-Yu , Wen Yue-Xi , Ouyang Jian-Jun , Yuan Zhen-Yi
Published: January 2016

Objective: To explore the effects and underlying mechanisms of Ge Hua Jie Cheng Decoction on rats with alcoholic liver injuries.

Methods: 60 Wistar rats were randomly assigned to six groups: normal group, model group, Yi Gan Ling group, and Ge Hua Jie Cheng Decoction groups in low, middle and high concentrations, 10 rats in each group. Except for the normal group, rats in other groups were administered white wine for eight weeks to establish the liver injury model. During the modeling, the Yi Gan Ling/Ge Hua Jie Cheng Decoction were administered intragastrically to the rats. So the histopathological changes were observed after eight weeks, meanwhile the serum γ- glutamyl endopeptidase (GGT), Glutathione (GSH) and aspartate aminotransferase mitochondrial isoenzyme (m-AST) were assayed by automatic biochemical analyzer.

Results: under the light microscope, the groups of high and middle dosages of Ge Hua Jie Cheng Decoction , especially the high one, had apparent improvement of inflammatory infiltration in liver tissues. Compared with the normal group, the serum GGT and m-AST levels had elevated (P＜0.01), whereas the serum GSH level decreased (P＜0.01); compared with model group, the high and middle dosages of Ge Hua Jie Cheng Decoction groups had decreased serum GGT and m-AST (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05), as well as increased serum GSH level (P＜0.01).

Conclusion: Ge Hua Jie Cheng Decoction has a protective effect for liver injuries induced by alcohol, and this effect is dose-dependent. The high dosage showed stronger protection effect, which might be related to the increased serum GSH and decreased serum GGT and m-AST.
Crystal structure and Hirshfeld analysis of the kryptoracemate: bis(mefloquinium) chloride p-fluorobenzenesulphonate
Authors: Jotani Mukesh M. , Wardell James L. , Tiekink Edward R.T.
Published: January 2016

The crystal structure analysis of the bis(mefloquinium) chloride p-fluorobenzenesulphonate salt reveals a rare example of a kryptoracemate given that the cations exhibit a non-crystallographic enantiomeric relationship. The conformations of the cations are based on a skewed letter L with the (piperidinium-2-yl)methanol group sitting almost normal to and directed away from the quinolinyl residue. The most prominent feature of the molecular packing is the formation of supramolecular helical chains along the a-axis, being sustained by pairs of hydroxyl-O–H···O (sulphonate), piperidinium-N–H···O (sulphonate) and piperidinium-N–H···Cl hydrogen bonds. Geometric and Hirshfeld surface analyses of the crystal structure shows significant differences in supramolecular aggregation between the cations due to the presence of different anions and this is the likely reason for the observed kryptoracemic behaviour.
Misunderstood
Authors: Stowers Jeffrey W.
Published: January 2016

Presently, copious amounts of research have been done regarding a juvenile’s competency to stand trial. However, whether or not a juvenile is competent to give a guilty plea has yet to be determined. Through empirical research, this article examines whether juveniles are mentally capable to give a competent guilty plea in criminal proceedings. Drawing on multidisciplinary sources, including the work of legal scholars, psychologists, legal professionals, court cases, and the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, this article explains how a juvenile’s age, brain and psychological development, intelligence, and social influences are important when determining the juvenile’s competency. It also discusses how these factors interrelate with the type of crime that was committed and with the modified Miranda waiver standard explained in this article. This article shows how all these factors come together to create the profile of a typical juvenile and how each of these factors should be weighed when the judge determines a juvenile’s competency to give a guilty plea. It also explains how each of these factors helps to determine if the suspect exhibited the type of behavior expected of a typical juvenile. After considering whether or not the suspect was behaving like an adult or a juvenile under each factor and weighing each factor appropriately under the circumstances, the judge can determine the likelihood of competency. If the juvenile showed the behavior typical of an adult, the juvenile is likely to be found competent.
False Memories and Young Child Witnesses
Authors: Moore Angela D.
Published: January 2016

This article looks at the problems presented by admitting statements made by young children at trial. Over time, presumed chronological thresholds for incompetence have all but disappeared in favor of general rules of competence that are agnostic about the reality of children’s susceptibility to develop false memories. Although the standard of competence requires a witness to understand the burden to tell the truth of what was witnessed, it does not adjust to accommodate the suggestibility of young children and their susceptibility to rumor, which has been shown in numerous studies in the field of developmental psychology. Especially troubling is a common rule that allows leading questions to be asked of children to elicit specific witness statements. Widening the scope of incompetence to react to social science understandings of the reliability of children’s statements poses too high an administrative burden. Instead, expert witnesses and jury instructions—which speak to credibility instead of competence—should be available to address social science findings.
Engineering Comprehensible Youth Interrogation Rights
Authors: Eastwood Joseph , Snook Brent , Luther Kirk , Freedman Stuart
Published: January 2016

Although youth in many Western countries have been afforded enhanced legal protections when facing police interrogations, the effectiveness of these protections may be limited by youth’s inability to comprehend them. The ability to increase the comprehension of Canadian interrogation rights among youth through the simplification of waiver forms was assessed. High school students (N = 367) in grades 9, 10, and 11 were presented with one of three waiver forms that varied in level of complexity. Comprehension of the information in the forms was assessed using free recall and multiple-choice questions. Results showed that comprehension levels increased as waiver form complexity decreased and comprehension levels increased as the age of the youth increased. The implications of these findings for the development of comprehensible youth interrogation rights are discussed.
The Blue Flower and the Account Book
Authors: Hyde Anne F.
Published: January 2016

This essay, a revised version of the August 2015 talk, examines the story of two mixed-blood women, indigenous and Anglo American, who lived in the fur trade North American West. The essay examines a racial category, mixed blood or “half-breed” and considers the challenges for people who lived in and used that category in the nineteenth century. The essay illuminates the challenges of using different kinds of personal records to understand how these nineteenth-century women might have thought about identity, a word they never would have used.
Transcultural San Francisco
Authors: Sterba Christopher M.
Published: January 2016

Andrew Furuseth and Olaf Tveitmoe, both immigrants from Norway, were two of the most powerful labor leaders on the West Coast in the early twentieth century. Their perspectives and experiences as Scandinavians, as immigrants, and as San Franciscans helped to forge an approach to political activism that has long been overshadowed by the far more famous events of the 1960s and 1970s. Working with innovative methods in the field of transcultural biography, this article argues that the contradictory, transcultural nature of each man’s career, which included both anti-Asian racism and a profound opposition to war and militarism, had a major impact on San Francisco’s political consciousness that is still felt today.
Gurdjieffian Overtones in Leon MacLaren’s School of Economic Science
Authors: Petsche Johanna J.M.
Published: January 2016

After the death of G. I. Gurdjieff in 1949, Gurdjieff-based groups began to emerge, including a colourful assortment of fringe groups. Fringe groups are established by individuals who never met Gurdjieff but who, in some or other way, assimilate elements of his teaching into new religio-spiritual systems. One noteworthy yet little understood Gurdjieff fringe group is the School of Economic Science (SES), founded by Leon MacLaren (1910-1994) in London in 1937. The SES was initially inspired by the work of nineteenth century American economist Henry George. However, in the early 1950s when MacLaren studied with Dr Francis Roles, who was P. D. Ouspensky’s personal physician and one of his earliest pupils, he gradually integrated into SES teachings concepts and practices of Ouspensky and Gurdjieff. This paper will examine the substantial influence of the work of Gurdjieff and Ouspensky on the SES, particularly in regards to MacLaren’s emphasis on residential living and working, the significance of the Laws of Three and Seven in his cosmology, and his use of the ‘natural octave’ in his large-scale musical compositions. This paper draws on firsthand accounts, original materials and unpublished music manuscripts.
Intentional Communities in the Gurdjieff Teaching
Authors: Cusack Carole M.
Published: January 2016

G. I. Gurdjieff (c. 1866-1949) claimed that individuals could not advance spiritually but that in a group progress was possible. He founded the Institute for the Harmonious Development of Man, first in Tiflis, Georgia in 1919, and for a second time at the Prieuré des Basses Loges in Fontainebleau-Avon, south of Paris, in 1922. At the Prieuré Gurdjieff’s pupils pursued tasks as part of a program of spiritual exercises he devised to lead them from false personality to true self, from a multitude of “I”s to a “real I”. These activities included Movements (the “sacred dances”), physical labour, ritualized eating, drinking, and bathing in the Turkish bath, and “inner exercises,” a type of contemplation. Key pupils of Gurdjieff established similar live-in venues for pursuit of the “Work”: P. D. Ouspensky at Lyne Place, Surrey; J. G. Bennett (1897-1974) at Coombe Springs, Surrey; Sophia Ouspensky at Franklin Farms, Mendham, NJ; and later other “Gurdjieffian” teachers founded a range of residential communities. The Work or the Fourth Way (as the Gurdjieff teaching is known) did not mandate retreat from everyday life; rather, Gurdjieff asserted that it was compatible with family, childrearing, and employment. This article uses examples of scholarly literature on intentional communities, and social history of other groups attempting the same types of experiments in living contemporaneously, to illuminate an understudied aspect of the Gurdjieff tradition.
Practice of Contemplation in the Work of Gurdjieff
Authors: Azize Joseph John
Published: January 2016

In Beelzebub’s Tales to his Grandson, Gurdjieff writes of the critical importance of “Aiëssirittoorassnian-contemplation” for the formation of the “soul”. First, I discuss some definitions of “meditation” and “contemplation” in relation to Gurdjieff’s practices with a view to determining the most appropriate term. Second, commencing with Beelzebub, but ranging across Gurdjieff’s oeuvre, I explore his understanding of the “soul”, and “Aiëssirittoorassnian-contemplation”. I then examine Gurdjieff’s first recorded contemplative technique, the “I Am” exercise, thus illuminating an under-appreciated aspect of Gurdjieff’s practice. It transpires that Gurdjieff’s contemplative techniques are more significant to his practical teaching than previously suspected.
A theoretical hydrodynamic modification on the soil texture analyses obtained from the hydrometer test
Authors: Faroughi S. A. , Huber C.
Published: January 2016

The hydrometer test is one of the most reliable approaches to estimate the particle size distribution of fine-grained soil. The general approach neglects the particle hydrodynamic interactions which are known to hinder the settling rate of particles, and, as such, generally leads to an underestimation of the particle diameters. In this study, a theoretical hydrodynamic correction of the hydrometer test is proposed to account for the hindered velocity of particles settling through a suspension of monomodal spherical or non-spherical particles. The polydisperse nature of soil samples is then taken into consideration by introducing an effective volume fraction of particles for each partially sorted monomodal layer of particles. Using this approach, a model to correct for particle hydrodynamic interactions in conventional hydrometer tests is provided and tested successfully against results from laser diffraction measurements.
Synthesis and characterization of Cu2ZnSnS4 nanoparticles
Authors: Kannan Annapoornam Ganesan , Manjulavalli Thirumalaisamy Esvaramoorthy
Published: January 2016

Copper zinc tin sulfide (Cu2ZnSnS4 or CZTS) is a p-type semiconducting material with high absorption coefficient (104 cm−1) and a band gap of ~1·5 eV. Most of its constituents are earth abundant and are environmentally benign. Therefore, in this work, the authors investigated structural and optical properties of CZTS nanoparticles synthesized by solvothermal method (water (H2O), ethylene glycol (EG)). X-ray diffraction and Raman studies revealed that the CZTS nanoparticles exhibited kesterite structure with preferential orientation along the (112) direction. The crystallite sizes of the nanoparticles were found to vary from 14 nm (water) to 7 nm (EG). Morphological analysis using field emission scanning electron microscope shows that the growth of the particles is controlled using EG as a solvent. It was observed from energy-dispersive X-ray analysis spectra that the composition of the nanoparticles prepared in EG was found to be nearly stoichiometric. The calculated optical band gaps of CZTS nanoparticles were 1·39 and 1·53 eV for water and EG, respectively. The electrical conductivity of the samples was measured and found to be higher for the sample prepared in EG.
There are no Barriers in Art
Authors: Belcheva T.G.
Published: January 2016

The mother of a young artist with autism is speculating on painting as a means of communication with the world of a person with mental disabilities, describing the achievements of her daughter Olga.
Educational Outcomes of Middle School in the Context of International Research
Authors: Polivanova K.N.
Published: January 2016

The article describes the three main international programs assessing the quality of educational outcomes – PISA, TIMSS, and PIRLS. Results of the Russian students in comparison with international average and states-leaders results show the gap especially on scales concerning the students’ ability to apply the school knowledge to real life situations. The unique configuration of Russian students’ results in different studies is identified and described. High level of results in primary school (PIRLS) and low level in medium school indicate that the gap is localized exactly at the second stage of education. Further analysis demonstrates that the Russian results are unique and reflect the commitment of the Russian educational system to the principles of academic orientation (high level of substantive results and low ability to apply them in my life). The psychological and pedagogical aspects of school life are presented and analyzed as follows: personal relationships of teachers and students, disciplinary climate, forms of pupils’ encouragement to learning. It is shown that these indicators in Russia are strongly positive for students’ responses, and often negative for teachers. It is argued that the impact of these indicators has an important potential of development of the Russian educational system. Authors believe that the described peculiarities reflect the real discrepancies in Russian school and can be a resource for the development of the Russian school.
Intellectual Development Features and Status in the Nursery Group in Preschool Age
Authors: Ilyin V.A. , Khrisanova E.V.
Published: January 2016

The article presents the results of a study of intellectual development of high-status, middle-status and low-status members of the educational preschool groups. It is shown that the intellectual development of high status and middle status 4-5 years old children is higher than their low-status peers, especially in such aspects as perception, attention, and memory. This integral indicator of high status subjects corresponds to the average or high level of intelligence, and for most of the subjects of this category is characterized by a high level. An integral component of intellectual development of middle-status children is comparable to the one in high-status. In fact, there is only one, but not least, difference between the two categories: among high-status children there is no kids whose integral indicator of intellectual development is below average. Integral indicator of intellectual development of most low-status subjects corresponds to the low intelligence level. We analyzed a dialectical relationship of intellectual, social, and psychological development of preschool children according to the concept of «interpersonal situation of development». The article presents methodical maintenance of structure definition of interpersonal relations in the preschool educational groups. The study proposed a number of scientific and practical recommendations.
Lisura superficial da resina composta frente a técnicas de polimento
Authors: Silva Valéria Batista da , Ribeiro Isabelle Da Costa , Sena Israel Alexandre de Araújo , Vieira Jehan Ittalo Nunes , Seabra Eduardo José Guerra , Santos Marquinony Marques dos , Dutra Laio Da Costa
Published: January 2016

A lisura superficial é um dos objetivos finais dos tratamentos restauradores. O presente estudo compara quatro técnicas diferentes de polimento em resina composta. Na fase experimental, realizou-se polimentos em 60 corpos de prova de resina composta divididos em quatro grupos por técnica de polimento: discos de lixa, pontas de silicone, discos de feltro com pasta abrasiva e discos de lixa juntamente com discos de feltro. Mensurou-se a rugosidade superficial em micrômetros, computou-se ou dados em Microsoft Excel e submeteram-se os mesmos ao teste de Kruskal-Wallis. Após a avaliação dos resultados constatou-se que não houve diferença estatística entre as técnicas quanto à superioridade de uma sobre as outras, sendo todas eficazes de acordo com a rugosidade admitida pela literatura como aceitável.

DOI: 10.18363/rbo.v72i1/2.567
Morfologia apical de pré-molares com canal único: estudo de microscopia eletrônica de varredura
Authors: De Oliveira Carolina , Gusman Heloisa , De Lima Luiz Carlos , De Lima Nathali , Simão Renata , Prado Maíra
Published: January 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), a região apical de pré-molares com canal único, em relação ao número de saídas foraminais que comunicam o endodonto ao periodonto. 95 pré-molares foram radiografados para confirmar a presença de apenas um canal em toda a raiz. Posteriormente, a região apical foi avaliada, por MEV, em relação ao número de saídas foraminais. Observou-se que 64,21% dos dentes possuíam 1 saída; 22,11% possuíam 2 saídas; 7,37% possuíam 3 saídas; 3,16% possuíam 4 saídas; 1,05% possuíam 5 saídas e 2,10% possuíam 6 saídas. O presente estudo mostrou que pré-molares com canal único exibem uma complexa anatomia apical, fato que deve ser considerado durante o preparo e obturação dos canais radiculares.

DOI:10.18363/rbo.v72i1/2.575
Influência da aplicação tópica de géis de flúor na rugosidade superficial de cimentos de ionômero
Authors: Wanderley e Lima Renally Bezerra , Oliveira Julyana De Araújo , Andrade Ana Karina Maciel , Silva Fábia Danielle Sales da C. M. e , Duarte Rosângela Marques
Published: January 2016

Avaliar a morfologia de superfície de quatro CIVs (cimentos de ionômero de vidro) quando submetidos à ação tópica do flúor fosfato acidulado a 1,23% e

gel de fluoreto de sódio neutro a 2%. Foram confeccionados 10 espécimes de cada CIVs (Ketac Molar Easymix, Maxxion R, Vitro Molar e Vitremer). Um ensaio de rugosidade foi efetuado antes e após aplicação tópica de gel de flúor. Os dados obtidos foram analisados através do teste de Tukey e do teste T. Os

valores de rugosidade apresentados pelos materiais, segui a ordem descrescente: Maxxion>Ketac Molar Easy Mix> Vitro Molar. A aplicação tópica de flúor acidulado apresentou alterações de superfície nos materiais avaliados.

DOI: 10.18363/rbo.v72i1/2.594
Pacientes portadores de necessidades especiais: abordagem odontológica e anestesia geral
Authors: Andrade Ana Paula Paiva de , Eleutéio Adriana Silveira de Lima Eleutéio
Published: January 2016

Os indivíduos portadores de necessidades especiais são mencionados na história há muitos séculos. Atualmente, no Brasil, existem grupos isolados que prestam atendimento odontológico a estes pacientes. Baseado na literatura, o objetivo deste trabalho é possibilitar ao cirurgião-dentista um maior conhecimento sobre o atendimento odontológico a pacientes com necessidades especiais - principalmente, aos portadores de síndrome de Down, paralisia cerebral e deficiências audiovisuais - e a necessidade de anestesia geral. Como conclusão, foi possível constatar que, antes de iniciar o atendimento odontológico a essa população, é essencial ter uma visão ampla e completa do paciente especial, reconhecer a etiologia das deficiências e proporcionar, além de níveis elevados de saúde bucal, dignidade e melhor qualidade de vida.
Protocolo clínico para avaliação e controle do processo saúde-doença cárie
Authors: Tuñas Inger Campos , Maia Katlin Darlin Maia Darlin , Passos Mariana , Arkader Rodrigo Jan , Weyne Sérgio
Published: January 2016

O modelo cirúrgico-restaurador, que resulta no ciclo restaurador repetitivo e culmina com a perda dos elementos dentais, ainda é praticado por grande parte dos profissionais e estudantes de Odontologia. Apesar de alguns aconselhamentos sobre higiene bucal serem realizados mecanicamente, o fato é que a prática se distancia dos conceitos. A inexistência de protocolos clínicos voltados para o controle do processo saúde-doença e ainda a multifatoriedade da mesma talvez expliquem esta constatação. Por este motivo, o objetivo deste trabalho é sugerir um modelo de protocolo clínico que auxiliará na sistematização e padronização do atendimento, visando avaliar e controlar o processo saúde-doença cárie.

DOI: 10.18363/rbo.v72i1/2.626
Neighborhood and Individual Socioeconomic Status and Asthma Incidence in African American Women
Authors: Coogan Patricia F. , Castro-Webb Nelsy , Yu Jeffrey , O'Connor George T. , Palmer Julie R. , Rosenberg Lynn
Published: January 2016

Objective: Individual socioeconomic status (SES) has been associated with asthma incidence but whether neighborhood
SES has an influence is unknown. We assessed the contributions of neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES), neighborhood housing density, neighborhood racial composition, and individual SES to the development of adult-onset asthma in Black
women, accounting for other known or suspected risk factors.

Design and Participants: Prospective cohort study conducted among 47,779 African American women followed with biennial health questionnaires from 1995 to 2011.

Methods and Main Outcome Measures: Incident asthma was defined as new selfreport of doctor-diagnosed asthma with
concurrent use of asthma medication. We assessed neighborhood SES, indicated by census variables representing income,
education, and wealth, and housing density and % African American population, as well as individual SES, indicated by highest education of participant/spouse. Cox proportional hazards models were used to derive multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and
95% CIs for the association of individual SES and neighborhood variables with asthma incidence.

Results: During a 16-year follow-up period, 1520 women reported incident asthma. Neighborhood factors were not associated
with asthma incidence after control for individual SES, body mass index, and other factors. Compared with college graduates,
the multivariable HR for asthma was 1.13 (95% CI 1.00-1.28) for women with some college education and 1.23 (95% CI 1.05-
1.44) for women with no more than a high school education.

Conclusions: Individual SES, but not neighborhood SES or other neighborhood factors, was associated with the incidence
of adult-onset asthma in this population of African American women. Ethn Dis. 2016;26(1):113-122; doi:10.18865/
ed.26.1.113

 
Neighborhood Characteristics Are Associated with Racial and Gender Variation Among Walking in Older Adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study
Authors: Yan Tingjian , Liang Li-Jung , Vassar Stefanie , Cheung Katz Monica , Escarce Jose J. , Longstreth W.T. Jr. , Merkin Sharon Stein , Brown Arleen F.
Published: January 2016

Objective: To examine variation by race and gender in the association between neighborhood socioeconomic status and walking among community-dwelling older adults.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Setting: Cardiovascular Health Study, a longitudinal population-based cohort.

Participants: 4,849 adults aged >65 years.

Measurements: Participants reported number of city blocks walked in the prior week. Neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES) measured at the level of the census tract. Negative binominal regression models were constructed to test the association between NSES and blocks walked. In the fully adjusted models, we included two-way and three-way interaction terms among race, gender, and NSES. 

Results: In adjusted analyses, among White residents in the lowest NSES quartile (most disadvantaged), men walked 64% more than women (P<.001), while in the highest NSES (most advantaged), men walked 43% more than women (P<.001).  Among African American residents in the lowest NSES quartile, men walked 196% more blocks than women (P<.001), while in the highest NSES, men walked 43% more blocks than women, but this did not reach statistical significance (P=.06). 

Conclusions: Female gender is more strongly associated with walking for African Americans than for Whites in low SES neighborhoods but had a similar association with walking for both African Americans and Whites in high SES neighborhoods. Ethn Dis. 2016;26(1):17-26; doi:10.18665/ed.26.1.17
Higher Motivation for Weight Loss in African American than Caucasian Rural Patients with Hypertension and/or Diabetes
Authors: Warren Jacob , Smalley Bryant , Barefoot Nikki
Published: January 2016

Objectives: To examine the relationship between race/ethnicity and motivation for weight loss and motivation for exercise among patients with chronic disease.

Design: Cross-sectional

Setting: The current study took place within a network of federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) in the rural southern United States

Patients or Participants: 463 active FQHC patients with diabetes and/or hypertension identifying as African American, White Hispanic, or non-Hispanic White participated in the current study.

Main Outcome Measures: Primary outcomes were assessed using standardized measures of motivation for a) weight loss; and b) hypertension per the Transtheoretical Model

Results: Multivariate logistic regression revealed that, when controlling for age, sex, education status, employment status, poverty, comorbidity, and weight status, there were no significant differences in motivation for exercise among the different racial/ethnic groups (P=.361).  However, when controlling for the same factors, there was a significant difference in motivation for weight loss, with African American participants more than twice as likely as non-Hispanic White participants to be motivated to lose weight (ORAD)=2.430, P=.002).

Conclusions: Our study suggests that, among rural patients with obesity-related chronic disease, there is a significant variation in motivation to lose weight between racial/ethnic groups.  This underscores the importance of culturally tailoring interventions and in considering motivation for change when promoting weight loss behaviors.  Additional implications for intervention development and delivery are discussed. Ethn Dis. 2016;26(1):77-84; doi: 10.18865/ed.26.1.77
A Study of Ormeloxifene in Case of Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding
Authors: Grover S. , Chhabra A. , Bindu S.
Published: January 2016

Background:Menorrhagia accounts for 12% of all gynaecology consultations and is one of the most common causes of iron deficiency anaemia in females after nutritional anaemia.
Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and side effects of ormeloxifene in cases of dysfunctional uterine bleeding.

Material and Methods: 30 women aged 28-46 years who attended the outpatient gynaecology department in a tertiary care hospital with complaint of heavy menstrual flow were recruited for the study. Two pretreatment baseline cycles were compared to the treatment cycles of ormeloxifene. The main outcomes measured were menstrual blood, blood haemoglobin levels and endometrial thickness in proliferative phase as studied by TVS. Data thus collected was compared and analysed statistically.

Results: Total number of bleeding days per year decreased by 76%. Total no. of pads soiled per cycle decreased by 76.3%. All the patients reported disappearance of clots, 66.66% within 1 month of the treatment only. Dysmenorrhoea was relieved in 62.5% patients. Mean increase in Hb was 0.42g%.

Conclusion: Ormeloxifene is very effective in improving all the parameters of blood loss in DUB including the no. of days of bleeding, no. of pads soiled and the passage of clots. Ormeloxifene has a good patient acceptability and compliance due to its minimal side effects, low cost and simple dosage schedule. In the peri-menopausal age group, drug is protective against breast malignancy and osteoporosis. Ormeloxifene has the potential to be an effective treatment for DUB and should always be considered amongst the treatment options.
Cytomorphological Patterns in the Diagnosis of Tuberculous Lymphadenitis
Authors: Khanna A. , Khanna M. , Manjari M.
Published: January 2016

The reliable diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis by FNAC has important implications in a developing country like India. The aim is to study various cytomorphological patterns seen in tuberculous lymphadenitis and their correlation with AFB positivity. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was performed on three hundred and twenty two patients with lymphadenopathy referred to the cytopathology section of pathology department, Sri Guru Ramdas Institute if Medical sciences and research Amritsar from August 2010 to July 2012. The patients with cytological diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis were followed for their response to antitubercular treatment. A total of 322 FNACs were performed on patients with lymphnode lesions; out of which the most common (119) cytological diagnosis was tuberculous lymphadenitis. The most common pattern observed was (group II) presence of epitheloid granuloma with caseation necrosis which was seen in about half (50.5%) of the cases followed by smears with caseation necrosis only (group III) (27.7%) and smears with epitheloid granulomas only (group I) (21.8%).The overall AFB positivity was seen in 19.3% cases of tuberculous lymphadenitis. Maximum (30.3%) AFB positivity was seen in smears (group III) with only necrotic debris without granuloma and was least in group I (7.6%).While comparing Group I smears with that of group III using Fisher's exact test, the difference in AFB positivity between the smears was statistically significant as the two-tailed p value was 0.0496. Thus FNAC is safe, easy, quick reliable as well as conclusive for the diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis when done along with Zeihl Neelsen stain for acid fast bacilli.
Macrodystrophia Lipomatosis:A Case Report
Authors: Malhotra P.
Published: January 2016

Macrodystrophia Lipomatosa is a rare cause of congenital macrodactyly characterized by progressive proliferation of all mesenchymal elements, with disproportionate increase in fibroadipose tissue. This anomaly is reportedly more common in the foot than in the hand with predilection for the plantar and median nerve distribution. This rare cause of gigantism of limb can be confused with other common causes like congenital lymphedema. We report a case of 2 years old female child presenting in outdoor as a painless progressive enlargement of index finger, middle finger and thumb of right hand since 6 months of age causing mechanical difficulty.
An Examination of the Challenges, Successes and Setbacks for Clinical Legal Education in Eastern Europe
Authors: Askamovic Dubravka , Genty Philip
Published: January 2016

The authors first met in 2000, and have collaborated in conferences, workshops, and other projects since then. We also represent two sides of an international exchange that has frequently occurred in the past 15 years: a European law teacher who attends training sessions, networks with colleagues from other European universities, learns about American models of clinical education, and possibly receives some outside funding; and an American law teacher who is graciously hosted by Europeans, promotes American models of clinical education, and, one hopes, observes, listens and learns about the European system. We are also experienced teachers within our own universities and teach both clinics and more doctrinal courses. Finally we are friends and can be honest with each other.

After more than 10 years of working together, we wanted to take stock of the collaboration between American and European academics on issues of clinical education. We wanted to take a close look at what has happened in Central and Eastern Europe since the first “American invasion” of U.S. consultants and funding: what clinical programs were developed? Which ones survived after the consultants and funding left? Why did some programs survive and prosper, while others disappeared? What do the surviving models look like? 

We also wanted to ask a series of more subjective and potentially sensitive questions: was the American influence ultimately helpful and productive? To the extent that it was not helpful, what have we learned about improving such cross-cultural international collaborations in the future? Have European law schools copied US models of clinical legal education, or have they developed their own models?

In the following sections we first discuss the history of clinical legal education in Central and Eastern Europe. We then focus on Croatia and Olomouc, Czech Republic, two examples of the ambitious but uneven development of clinical programs in Central and Eastern Europe. We next examine the experiences of clinical programs in countries of CEE and some of the challenges these programs have faced in achieving sustainability. We then use a comparison between the European and U.S. clinical program models as a lens for analyzing the experiences of the European programs and assessing the value of collaboration between European and U.S. clinical teachers. Finally, we offer some thoughts about the future of clinical legal education in Central and Eastern Europe.
The Value of Incidental Learning in a Multidisciplinary Setting
Authors: Hyams Ross , Sadique Denise
Published: January 2016

There is much to be gained by students learning together in a multidisciplinary environment. Enabling students to interact in a multidisciplinary clinical setting enhances their opportunity to learn from each other, their supervisors from different disciplines and from their experiences with clients. As well as “formal” learning opportunities which take place in the classroom, seminar environment, or in one-to-one instruction with a clinical supervisor, students working in a clinical setting have a range of opportunities to be exposed to informal, or incidental learning. This is learning that occurs in an opportunistic, unplanned and often, serendipitous fashion. This paper reflects on incidental learning opportunities that have been observed to take place in a multidisciplinary clinical setting, specifically between law, social work and business students. These reflections come directly from practice experience at the Monash-Oakleigh Legal Service, operated by the Faculty of Law at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia.
Clinical Collaborations: Going Global to Advance Social Entrepreneurship
Authors: Burand Deborah , Jones Susan , Ng Jonathan , Plerhoples Alicia
Published: January 2016

In the summer of 2012, transactional law clinics from three U.S. law schools: George Washington University; Georgetown University; and the University of Michigan launched a collaboration to serve a common client—Ashoka, a global nonprofit organization that supports close to 3,000 social entrepreneurs across 76 countries. While clinic collaborations within universities happen occasionally, clinic collaborations across universities are unusual. This essay focuses on the motivations, operations, lessons, and next steps of this cross-university, clinical collaboration aimed at advancing social entrepreneurship globally. Specifically, this essay examines why the collaboration was launched, how the collaboration is structured, what the collaboration offers clients and participating law students, how the collaboration has expanded the skills and knowledge of the three clinical directors who are participating in this collaboration, where this collaboration might go next, and finally, what others might learn from this experience when contemplating their own cross-university, clinical collaborations.
Clinical Legal Education Management and Assessment Software
Authors: Hyams Ross
Published: January 2016

This paper will investigate the current use of technology in law clinics in Australia. It will look at the challenge of integrating case management and assessment technology in clinical teaching practices and propose some creative ways of creating, integrating and managing such software to enhance not only the way clinics are run, but also how students are taught. It will also make some suggestions and provide an analysis of a comprehensive computer package which would provide a resolution to many of the law office management and student assessment issues facing law school clinics around Australia today.