bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internalisasi Nilai-Nilai Agama Islam dalam Pembentukan Budaya Beragama Siswa
Authors: Irsyad Irsyad , Sukardi Ismail , Nurlaila Nurlaila
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis proses internalisasi nilai-nilai agama Islam, peran yang dimainkan oleh pemangku kepentingan internal dan eksternal dalam proses internalisasi nilai-nilai agama Islam, dan menganalisis proses internalisasi nilai-nilai agama Islam di Pondok Pesantren Sabilul Muhtadin terhadap budaya beragama para santri. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis dan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Setelah data dikumpulkan kemudian di analisis menggunakan teknik analisis data Miles dan Huberman yang meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi data. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang menemukan bahwa 1) dalam proses internalisasi nilai-nilai agama Islam di Pondok Pesantren Sabilul Muhtadin yaitu dilakukan dengan secara perlahan dan melalui beberapa tahapan yang terjadi yaitu tahap tranformasi nilai, tahap transaksi nilai, dan tahap transinternalisasi. 2) Peran yang dimainkan oleh pemangku kepentingan internal dan eksternal dalam proses internalisasi nilai-nilai agama Islam di Pondok Pesantren Sabilul Muhtadin yaitu dari pihak Internal ada pendiri Pondok Pesantren Sabiul Muhtadin, pimpinan Pondok Pesantren, Kepala Madrasah Diniyah, Kepala Madrasah Aliyah, dan Kepala Madrasah Tsanawiyah, serta para tenaga pendidik dan dewan guru, kesemuanya memiliki peran masing-masing dengan tujuan yang sama mensyiarkan Ilmu Agama Islam. Sedangkan dari pihak eksternal yaitu pemerintah (kemenag kabupaten), dinas kesehatan Kabuputen, masyarakat di desa Langkan yang selalu mendukung adanya Pondok Pesantren, ada juga dari Erlangga (MTs) dan Bumi Aksarah (MA) sebagai perusahaan penyedia buku pelajaran baik pelajaran agama maupun pelajaran umum. 3) Proses internalisasi nilai-nilai agama Islam di Pondok Pesantren Sabilul Muhtadin berdampak positif terhadap budaya beragama para santri yaitu memberikan implikasi atau dampak yang sangat positif kepada siswa perubahan yang di rasakan oleh guru seperti perubahan pada tingkah laku mereka menjadi lebih hormat dan santun kepada guru, senyum menyapa dan menjabat tangan ketika bertemu guru.
Pembinaan Nilai Toleransi Beragama Siswa Melalui Budaya Sekolah
Authors: Mastina Mastina , Imtihana Aida
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis mengenai pembinaan nilai toleransi beragama siswa melalui budaya sekolah serta faktor pendukung dan penghambatnya. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan (field research). Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah penedekatan kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMA Bina Warga 1 Palembang. Adapun informan penelitian ini adalah guru dan siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah reduksi data, display data, dan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Pembinaan toleransi melalui budaya sekolah diantaranya terlihat dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar yaitu: mengintegrasi nilai-nilai toleransi mata pelajaran, guru mengajarkan toleransi dengan memberikan isu-isu dan contoh-contoh aktual, guru menggunakan beberapa metode pembelajaran yang mendukung pembinaan toleransi. Selain itu, pembinaan toleransi juga terintegrasi dalam kegiatan ekstrakurikuler sekolah yaitu (Rohani islam), UKS (Unit Kesehatan Sekolah), PMR (Palang Merah Remaja), dan pramuka. 2) Terdapat faktor-faktor pendukung dalam proses pembinaan toleransi siswa yaitu: kebijakan dinas dan kepala sekolah, pedoman kurikulum yang mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai karakter ke dalam perangkat pembelajaran, sumber daya manusia yang baik, sarana dan prasarana, lingkungan, kebersamaan warga sekolah, komitmen sekolah, dan kegiatan ekstrakurikuler. Selain itu terdapat faktor penghambat dalam proses pembinaan toleransi siswa yaitu latar belakang siswa dan terdapat pihak yang tidak ikut berpartisipasi dan bekerja sama dalam pembinaan nilai-nilai karakter.
Stimulasi Perkembangan Kognitif Anak Melalui Permainan Tradisonal Dakon, Vygotsky Vs Piaget Perspektif
Authors: Kusuma Wening Sekar , Sukmono Nur Dwi , Tanto Octavian Dwi
Published: January 2023

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana stimulasi perkembangan kognitif anak melalui permainan tradisional dakon ditinjau dari teori Vygotsky dan Piaget. pada teori Vygotsky dan Piaget mengemukakan tentang perkembangan kognitif namun dengan pandangan yang berbeda. Vygotsky berpendapat bahwa perkembangan kognitif di pengaruhi dengan sosialnya sedangkan teori piaget berpendapat bahwa perkembangan kognitif berdasarkan tahap usia perkembangan kognitif. Tujuan peneliti untuk mengetahui perbedaan dari kedua teori tersebut melalui permainan tradisional dakon. Objek pada penelitian ini menggunakan 1 anak, Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif yang bersifat studi kasus mengunakan pengumpulan data observasi. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa permainan dakon untuk menstimulus perkembangan kognitif dilihat dari perspektif Vygotsky yaitu kognitif anak berkembang pada saat berinteraksi dengan lawan bermain dakon yang menjelaskan tentang aturan bermain. sedangkan  dilihat dari perpesktif Piaget yaitu kognitif anak berkembang sesuai dengan tahapan usia, sehingga pada saat bermain permainan tradisional dakon berbeda perlakukan terhadap permaianan tersebut. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Perkembangan kognitif dalam penelitian ini dapat di lihat dari seorang anak memainkan permainan dakon. Permainan dakon merupakan permainan tradisional yang menitiberatkan pada penguasaan berhitung, permainan ini memiliki peranan yaitu untuk melatih keterampilan dalam kogtinif anak dengan berhitung, dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan permainan dakon untuk menstimulus perkembangan kognitif anak di tinjau dari teori piaget dan vygotsky, yang memiliki berbedaan pada pandangan perkembangan kognitif.
Permasalahan Perkembangan Nilai Agama dan Moral Generasi Alpha Untuk Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun
Authors: JS Mauidah , Farida Kun , Sakinah Sakinah
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran permasalahan anak usia dini. Khususnya permasalahan perkembangan nilai agama dan moral anak usia 5-6 tahun serta memberikan stimulasi yang tepat berdasarkan Standar Tingkat Pencapaian Perkembangan Anak (STPPA). Pengembangan nilai agama dan moral adalah kemampuan anak untuk bertindak dan berperilaku. Generasi Alpha atau Gen A adalah generasi yang dimulai pada anak-anak kelahiran tahun 2012 hingga paling tidak tahun 2035. Gen A berada di era globalisasi yang mana banyak anak usia dini yang mengalami degradasi atau kemerosotan moral. Degradasi moral adalah perilaku manusia karena tidak mengikuti hati nurani dan tidak mengakui kewajiban mutlak seseorang. Metode penelitian   menggunakan   studi  literatur, dilakukan  dengan membaca, menganalisis, dan menarik kesimpulan. Hasil dari kajian literatur berupa kemerosotan nilai agama dan moral generasi alpha untuk anak usia 5-6 tahun. Beberapa cara dapat dilakukan oleh orang tua, yaitu (1) menanamkan nilai agama dan moral sejak dini, (2) menjadi role modelling yang baik, (3) menjauhkan anak dari lingkungan negatif, (4) membacakan kisah teladan, (5) memberikan pendidikan karakter pada anak.
Standar Alat Bermain dan Kualitas Satuan PAUD
Authors: Wahyuni Desvi , Sartika Indah Dwi , Novianti Rahmah
Published: January 2023

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjabarkan alasan keterkaitan antara fasilitas alat bermain dengan kualitas dari satuan PAUD. Dilatar belakangi oleh anggapan yang ada di masyarakat yang menjadikan ketersediaan alat bermain sebagai tolak ukur kualitas dari sebuah institusi PAUD. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa studi literatur yang membahas terkait kebijakan penyedian alat bermain dan kualitas satuan PAUD. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menggambarkan alasan mengapa alat bermain yang memenuhi standar dianggap dapat mencerminkan kualitas dari sebuah lembaga PAUD. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga dapat memberikan kontribusi dalam memaknai kualitas dari sebuah institusi dan penyedian alat bermain yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan anak.
Pengaruh Metode Mendongeng Wayang Kulit Terhadap Keterampilan Menyimak Anak
Authors: Fitri Izza , Maryanti Yuski
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Metode Mendongeng Wayang Kulit Terhadap Keterampilan Menyimak Anak Kelompok B Di RA As-Sidiq Desa Giriyoso Jayaloka Musi Rawas. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Pre-experimental design dengan desain One Group Pretest-Posttest. Jumlah sampel adalah 10 orang anak yang terdiri dari 7 anak laki-laki dan 3 anak perempuan. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian menggunakan observasi, dokumentasi dan tes. Teknik analisi data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, dan uji hipotesis uji t. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang didapat bahwa ada perbedaan antara nilai pretest dan posttest, dimana nilai pretest dengan rata-rata 60 dan posttest dengan nilai rata-rata 75. Hasil hipotesis dalam penelitian ini diperoleh nilai thitung = 7,712 dan ttabel untuk taraf signifikan 5% sebesar2,262  sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa thitung>ttabel (7,712 > 2,262) maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima, artinya terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dari hasil data tersebut. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode mendongeng wayang kulit berpengaruh terhadap keterampilan menyimak anak kelompok B di RA As-Sidiq Desa Giriyoso Jayaloka Musi Rawas.
Pemaknaan Citra Kepustakaan dalam Novel The Magic Library: Perpustakaan Ajaib Bibbi Bokken di Kalangan Pembaca Goodreads Indonesia
Authors: Priyanitama Indah Fadhila , Alfida Alfida
Published: January 2023

Citra pustakawan dan perpustakaan di masyarakat tak luput dari berbagai pandangan. Citra ini dapat dilihat dalam berbagai cara. Salah satunya melalui pemaknaan sebuah karya sastra. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui pemaknaan citra kepustakaan yaitu pustaka, pustakawan, dan perpustakaan di kalangan pembaca Goodreads Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan teori resepsi Wolfgang Iser. Teknik yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data yaitu data primer yang diperoleh dari pengisian Google Form dan juga wawancara mendalam yang dilakukan secara chatting online maupun meeting online, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh melalui studi dokumentasi dan juga kepustakaan. Informan dalam penelitian berjumlah 4 orang dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil pemaknaan pembaca dalam novel The Magic Library: Perpustakaan Ajaib Bibbi Bokken terhadap citra pustaka menunjukkan bahwa pustaka sebagai jendela ilmu pengetahuan, miniatur dunia, dan sebagai bukti warisan manusia. Adapun pemaknaan pembaca terhadap citra pustakawan adalah bahwa pustakawan sebagai profesi yang ramah, agen informasi, dan sebagai fasilitator. Pemaknaan pembaca terhadap citra perpustakaan adalah perpustakaan sebagai tempat realitas dan fiksi, tempat belajar, dan penyimpanan koleksi. Penelitian ini juga menghasilkan tiga macam tipologi pembaca yaitu Common Readers, Implied Readers, dan Resistant Readers. Implikasi penelitin ini ialah terbentuknya citra yang positif terhadap citra pustaka, pustakawan dan juga perpustakaan. Sehingga ke depannya, kegiatan mengenalkan pustaka, memberikan pengalaman yang baik dari pustakawan kepada pemustaka, dan pengadaan novel-novel yang mengangkat tema kepustakaan akan mempertahankan dan mengembangkan citra positif terhadap pustaka, pustakawan dan perpustakaan.
Peran Perpustakaan dalam Pengembangan Budaya Rejang di Perpustakaan SMAN 1 Rejang Lebong
Authors: Murdani Hati , Rizkyantha Okky , Saputra Egun Dalan , Atriani Febi
Published: January 2023

of libraries in developing and preserving culture. The role of the library of SMAN 1 Rejang Lebong in the Rejang cultural heritage container with the Rejang Corner which contains various information on Rejang culture. Where the library of SMAN 1 Rejang Lebong is located in the middle of the Rejang tribal environment. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The results showed that the library of SMAN 1 Rejang Lebong has carried out one of the cultural functions. The Rejang Corner Service is located on the 2nd floor of the SMAN 1 Rejang Lebong Library. The activities from the rejang corner are (1) the display of rejang traditional goods, (2) the rejang corner is included in the reference service, (3) the obstacles include lack of funds, lack of support from related parties, and difficulty in getting goods. related to rejang customs.
Kedermawanan Dalam Syair Hatim At-Tha’i (Analisis Semiotika Riffaterre)
Authors: Rahmawati Isnaini , Walidin Muhammad
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini mengkaji syair Hatim at-Tha’i yang mengandung poin kedermawanan, dengan teknik analisis isi yang difokuskan pada analisis wacana (discourse analysis) dengan semiotika Riffaterre sebagai teorinya. Ketidaklangsungan ekspresi dalam syair al-Maalu Ghaadin wa Raaih karya Hatim at-Tha’i terdapat poin-poin penggantian arti (displacing of meaning) dengan adanya majas personifikasi, hiperbola, litotes, dan sinekdoke pars pro toto. Sedangkan untuk pembelokan/penyimpangan arti (distorting of meaning) terdapat majas antitesis dan pada penciptaan arti (creating of meanig) terdapat topografi dengan bentuk syair yang semua baris akhirnya berupa huruf ro’ (ر) yakni الذِّكْرُ, نَـزْرُ, الزَّجْـرُ, الصَّدْرُ, أَسْـرُ, وَفْـرُ, اليُسْرُ, الدَّهْـرُ, الفَقْـرُ, العَشْرُ, سِتْـرُ, dan وَقْـرُ dan bentuk syair yang menggunaan bahr thawil. Homologue pada baris زَمَانَـاً بِالتَّصَعْلُـكِ وَالغِنَـى yang disejajarkan dengan الدَّهْرُ فِي أَيَّامِهِ العُسْرُ وَاليُسْرُ kata ‘zaman kefaqiran dan kekayaan’ disandingkan dengan ‘masa kesulitan dan kemudahan’. Sementara enjambemen terdapat pada kata عَلَى مُصْطَفَى مَالِي ‘atas kemuliaan hartaku’ dipisahkan baris yang semestinya sebaris dengan kata وَسُلِّطَتْ ’berkuasa’ seperti halnya kata يُجَاوِرُنِي ‘bertetangga denganku’ diletakkan pada baris selanjutnya yang semestinya bersambung dengan kata فَاعْلَمِي ‘ketahuilah’. Hal tersebut merupakan bentuk pemberian tekanan pada makna baris yang bertujuan untuk kepuitisan, memperindah syair dari bentuk visual. Pada hasil pembacaan heuristik dan hermeneutik, ditemukan matriks syair yakni indikator eksistensi seorang Hatim ada pada pandangannya terhadap harta yang terdapat di dalam syair-syairnya dan kedermawanannya.

Kata Kunci: Syair, Hatim at-Tha’i, Semiotik, Riffaterre
How socio-cultural factors and opportunity costs shape the transition to a third child
Authors: Panova Ralina , Buber-Ennser Isabella , Bujard Martin
Published: January 2023

Objective: Why do parents decide to have more than two children?
Background: This study explores how opportunity costs and socio-cultural factors such as value of children, perceived social pressure and intergenerational fertility transmission influence the transition to higher order fertility in seven European countries.
Method: Using panel data for Austria, Bulgaria, France, Georgia, Hungary, Poland and Russia, stemming from the Generations and Gender Survey (GGS), we aim to identify the driving mechanisms behind the birth of a third child and draw attention to socio-cultural factors and opportunity costs. We estimate average marginal effects in binomial logistic regressions.
Results: Multivariate analyses demonstrate that lower opportunity costs and perceived social pressure positively influence the transition to the third child – for both sexes. In contrast, emotional and social values of children are not relevant and intergenerational transmission is associated with the birth of the third child for men and women differently. Perceived social pressure turns out to matter in all countries, although the social groups likely to have large families differ across countries.
Conclusion: Overall, this study provides insights into the link between socio-cultural factors, perceived cost and the formation of large families in life course, revealing the reasons why women and men may deviate from the widespread two child norm. Therefore, it brings new contribution regarding the motivation for a third child.
Growth effects of government expenditure in Nigeria: Does the level of corruption matter?
Authors: Iliyasu Ibrahim , Muhammed Ibrahim
Published: January 2023

A strand of literature suggests that an efficient government can complement private capital formation and boost the overall productivity of private economic agents. Nigeria has experienced uneven growth performance in the last three decades despite growing government expenditure. This paper carried out an empirical analysis of direct and indirect links among growth, government expenditure and corruption in Nigeria using annual time series data for the period from 1990 to 2020. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model was used to explore the long-run interacting effect of corruption on the nexus between growth and government expenditure. For the robustness check, the fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) were used as alternative techniques of estimation. Directly, an increase in government expenditure and a reduction in corruption has a significant increasing effect in the short-term and long-term growth. Indirectly, reducing corruption enhances the increasing effect of government expenditure on economic growth. However, corruption reduction up to the 42.25 threshold and beyond diminishes the increasing effect of government expenditure on economic growth. This suggests that attaining sustained growth is possible by raising government expenditure and minimizing corruption. Thus, minimizing corruption associated with expenditure policy should be a top policy priority.
The Role of the Fusarium oxysporum FTF2 Transcription Factor in Host Colonization and Virulence
Authors: Casado-del Castillo Virginia , Benito Ernesto P. , Díaz-Mínguez. José María
Published: January 2023

The FTF (Fusarium Transcription Factor) gene family is composed of two members (FTF1 and FTF2) with high sequence homology. Both genes encode Zn(II)2Cys6 binuclear zinc finger transcription factors involved in the modulation of virulence in the F. oxysporum species complex (FOSC). While FTF1 is a multicopy gene exclusive of highly virulent strains of FOSC and is located in the accessory genome, FTF2 is a single copy gene, located in the core genome, and well conserved in all filamentous ascomycete fungi, except yeast. The involvement of FTF1 in the colonization of the vascular system and regulation of the expression of SIX effectors has been stablished. To address the role of FTF2 we generated and characterized null FTF2 mutants in a F. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli weakly virulent strain and analyzed them together with the equivalent mutants formerly obtained in a highly virulent strain. The results obtained highlight a role for FTF2 as a negative regulator of the production of macroconidia and demonstrate that it is required for full virulence and positive regulation of SIX effectors. In addition, gene expression analyses provide compelling evidence that FTF2 is involved in the regulation of hydrophobins likely required for plant colonization.
TEXT AND CONTEXT OF NEWSPAPER OPINION RUBRIC AND ITS UTILIZATION AS TEACHING MATERIALS IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Kusumaningrum Yulia , Tuan Nguyen Thanh , Zulianto Sugit , Mulyono Slamet
Published: January 2023

This study aims to describe and explain: (1) aspects of the textual discourse of the opinion rubric in the Solopos newspaper, (2) the contextual aspects of the opinion rubric in the Solopos newspaper, and (3) the relevance of the textual and contextual aspects of the opinion rubric in the newspaper. Solopos news with teaching materials in high school. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research design with a content analysis approach. The data in this study are in the form of words, phrases, and sentences. The data sources used in this study are documents, namely the opinion rubric of the Solopos newspaper January-February 2021 edition, and the informants are Indonesian language teachers in class XII SMA, opinion writers, and opinion editors for the Solopos newspaper. Data collection techniques used, namely document analysis and interviews. Test the validity of the data using theoretical triangulation and data source triangulation. The data analysis technique used is the agih method. The results of this study indicate that: (1) textual aspects that support the integrity and cohesion of opinion discourse consist of grammatical cohesion and lexical cohesion; (2) contextual aspects of opinion discourse can be understood using the principle of personal interpretation, the principle of locational interpretation, and the principle of temporal interpretation; and (4) the opinion rubric for the January-February 2021 edition of the Solopos newspaper can be used as an alternative material for teaching editorial texts for class XII SMA.
MANIFESTASI TINDAK TUTUR ILOKUSI PADA PODCAST DALAM KANAL YOUTUBE DEDDY CORBUZIER BERSAMA ERNEST PRAKASA
Authors: Rahmadini Irene
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini memiliki latar belakang menganalisis tindak tutur yang terdapat dalam siniar milik Deddy Corbuzier bersama Ernest Prakasa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam analisis ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif, fokus pada penelitian ini ialah pada ujaran-ujaran dari Deddy Corbuzier maupun Ernest Prakasa yang dinilai mengandung ilokusi. Data yang terdapat pada penelitian ini berupa transkip tuturan yang terdapat dalam podcast tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik simak dan catat. Tindak tutur yang terjalin dalam perbincangan podcast pastilah terdapat tindak tutur ilokusi didalamnya. Maka dari itu peneliti akan mengkaji tindak tutur ilokusi yang terdapat pada podcast Deddy Corbuzier bersama dengan ernest prakasa. Diharap dengan adanya penelitian ini akan menambah wawasan terkait tindak tutur ilokusi dan lebih memahami ragam tindak tutur ilokusi yang terdapat dalam video youtube tersebut.
ANALYSIS OF EXISTING SUPERCHARGING SYSTEMS AND PERSPECTIVES OF APPLICATION OF ELECTRIC DRIVE IN SUPERCHARGING UNITS
Authors: Lal A.G. , Shelestov M.S.
Published: January 2023

The article analyzes modern solutions for increasing engine power by improving the air supply system. Single-stage and multi-stage pressurization schemes with gas, mechanical and combined connection in several variations are considered, their positive and negative sides for modern mechanical engineering are revealed.

The simplest and most common is the turbocharging system, in which the turbine rotates only under the exhaust gases and this drives the compressor. Consideration should be given to the features of the working process of two-stroke diesel engines. At low speeds, there is not enough energy from the exhaust gases to drive the turbocharger. The second option is schemes in which the turbine and compressor shafts are connected to the engine shaft using a mechanical transmission. Another scheme is also possible in which the compressor and turbine can be separately connected to the crankshaft. Such solutions ensure synchronous operation of the compressor and reciprocating engine in all modes, improve the gas exchange process, improve performance in transient conditions and improve starting properties. One successful solution for two-stroke diesel engines is the development of a combined supercharging system with an intercooler, which are already considered multi-stage systems. They are generally divided into two schemes, in the first scheme the drive compressor is a high pressure degree, and the turbocharger is low pressure, the second scheme is vice versa. It is the first option that is more often used for two-stroke diesel engines, since the power consumption for driving the compressor is less, which causes a slightly higher engine efficiency. Injectivity is close to engines with conventional gas turbine supercharging.

Over the past 7 years, the approach to improving the pressurization system has undergone some changes, Electric Boosting Systems for civilian vehicles have appeared. One of the first companies were Audi, Daimler, Land Rover, which began to equip their vehicles with electric supercharging. Currently, such large companies as BorgWarner and Garrett can be considered ambassadors of this technology. For example, AMG, together with Garrett, developed and introduced serial electric turbocharging. The problem of using an electric drive in boost systems has been lately gaining more publicity, it is already possible to conclude that there is great potential and the possibility of using such developments for domestic two-stroke diesel engines.
ACCOUNTING FOR THE HARMFUL EFFECT OF CARBON DIOXIDE IN COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF FUEL CONSUMPTION AND EXHAUST GASES TOXICITY DIESEL ENGINES
Authors: Parsadanov I.V. , Rykova I.V.
Published: January 2023

Over the past decades, research into combustion processes in internal combustion engines, additional processing of exhaust gases has led to a reduction in harmful emissions (nitrogen oxide NOx, unburned hydrocarbons СnНm, carbon monoxide CO and particulate matter). However, personal concern among scientists and the international community is caused by the increase in CO2 carbon dioxide emissions into the environment during the operation of power plants, which contributes to the increase of the "greenhouse effect". In order to determine effective technical solutions for improving diesel engines with the aim of reducing fuel consumption and emissions of harmful substances with exhaust gases, the Department of Internal Combustion Engines of the National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" proposed a dimensionless complex criterion of fuel economy and exhaust gas toxicity, which provides information on the economic and environmental perfection of diesel engines. However, this criterion does not take into account the environmental impact of CO2 emissions. The work considers the conditions for taking into account the harmful effects of CO2 using the method of comprehensive assessment of fuel consumption and exhaust gas toxicity. The mass emission of CO2 for each mode of diesel operation is determined if the elemental composition of the fuel, its molecular weight, heat of combustion and consumption, composition and consumption of air, as well as environmental parameters are known. In order to provide an objective assessment of the effect of CO2 emitted from HG diesels on humans and the environment, it is necessary to introduce appropriate corrections that characterize its relative aggressiveness indicator. First of all, this is a correction that takes into account the effect of CO2 on various recipients, in addition to humans, and a correction that takes into account the possibility of accumulation of the substance in the components of the environment and in food chains, as well as its entry into the human body by non-inhalation. An objective scientific approach is necessary for the justification and implementation of the introduction of such amendments, which takes into account all the components of determining the negative impact of CO2 on humans and the environment: the greenhouse effect, climate change both in terms of direct impact and in the long-term perspective.
FORMATION OF THE MATHEMATICAL PLAN OF EXPERIMENT IN AUTOMOBILE DIESEL STARTING QUALITIES RESEARCH
Authors: Grytsyuk O.V. , Levchenko D.V.
Published: January 2023

The article indicates a way to solve the problem of improving the starting qualities and reducing the smoke of domestic gases of domestic diesel 4DTNA1 with direct fuel injection at low ambient temperatures by optimizing the parameters and elements of the starting system and idling by rational algorithms. To solve this problem, the need to conduct an experimental study of the starting qualities of an automobile diesel engine and to form a mathematical plan of the experiment for the next calculation study is substantiated. The basic provisions concerning the organization of multifactor experimental research of starting qualities of the automobile diesel are covered. The description and data of the characteristic of the physical model previously created for experimental research on the basis of the domestic automobile vortex chamber diesel 4DTNA are made. The peculiarities and advantages of the created physical model in relation to traditional solutions for research of starting qualities of automobile engines, in particular in use of external loading for reproduction of influence on motor oil of low temperature in the conditions of difficult access to climatic chambers are resulted. The choice of the vortex chamber sample of the physical model for conducting research of start-up due to perspective, reduced by 1-1.5 units, degree of compression and possibility of qualitative research of influence of pre-start heating of volume of the combustion chamber by a glow plug is substantiated. The actual values of the values of the selected 6, the most influential on the start-up process, linearly independent factors during the experimental study in accordance with the adopted plan with 77 test cold starts. It is noted that the actual result of the establishment of certain controlled factors is random with a certain error at the boundaries of the exact value in accordance with the orthogonal plan of the experiment. This variation of real values requires the use of a special mathematical apparatus implemented by the authors in the software product Approximation_LSM, when analyzing the results of a 6-factor experimental study.
MULTI-CRITERIA ANALYSIS OF CONTACT INTERACTION OF DISCRETE-CONTINUALLY STRENGTHENED PARTS
Authors: Tkachuk M.M. , Marchenko A.P. , Kravchenko S.O. , Tkachuk M.A. , Veretelnyk O.V. , Grabovskyi A.V. , Veretelnyk V.V.
Published: January 2023

This paper considers the influence of material properties on the contact interaction of strengthened structural parts. Discrete-continual strengthening technology is used to process these parts. Contacting parts are made of different materials. On the one side there is an aluminum alloy part. A microscopic layer of oxide ceramics is grown on its surface. On the other side there is a cast iron or steel part with an archipelago of strengthened material spots introduced by the electric spark method on the surface. Hence, the first part is processed continually, and the second one is processed discretely. The influence of material properties in the strengthening zones on the contact interaction of such parts is studied. Recommendations regarding the choice of materials and technological modes of discrete-continual strengthening have been developed. In particular, it was established that the character of contact pressure distribution and Mises stresses significantly depends on the combination of the moduli of the oxide ceramic layer on the aluminum part and the discrete strengthening zone on the cast iron part. At the same time, with the growth of the elasticity modulus of the material of discrete strengthening zones, a qualitative change in these distributions occurs. The contact pressure in the central part of the contact area first acquires a minimum and then a maximum. At the same time, the influence of the elastic modulus of the oxide ceramic layer on the aluminum part is less pronounced. The relative level of contact pressure and von Mises stresses varies in the studied range of variation of the modulus of elasticity of materials of continual and discrete strengthening zones in a fairly wide corridor. Therefore, it is possible to control the level of controlled values. And therefore there is an opportunity to justify the choice of one or another material, as well as constructive and technological solutions when creating certain structure elements. Not only the level of contact pressure and von Mises stresses is important for rationalizing technical solutions of new machine components. Contact interaction determines the loads distribution between structural elements, which in a certain way directly affects their stress-strain state and strength. Also, a series of processes and states are launched in addition: friction, wear, bearing capacity. They depend on the distribution of contact forces. So, from a physical point of view, a “multi-physical” process is implemented, and from a technical point of view, this is a “multi-criteria” process. As a result, a number of competing requirements and limitations arise at each of the stages, which should be taken into account when justifying rational technical solutions for new products, in particular, internal combustion engines.
USE OF BIOGAS AS A RAW MATERIAL AND ENGINE FUEL IN ENERGY AND TRANSPORT
Authors: Lisoval A.A.
Published: January 2023

In the article, based on existing global trends, legislative incentives for climate-friendly development of economic sectors, the place of biogas as a raw material and engine fuel in the decarbonization of energy and transport in Ukraine is substantiated. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions, most countries are making the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. In EU countries, renewable energy with a Green Deal label was equated with energy obtained from the combustion of natural gas. In Ukraine, biomethane is legislated as an alternative gas fuel similar to natural gas. The raw material for biomethane is biogas. In Ukraine, biomethane is not produced on an industrial scale due to the lack of special purification and enrichment technologies at biogas stations. In Ukraine, it is necessary to start producing biomethane on an industrial scale and use the natural gas infrastructure for transporting biomethane. An existing quantity and quality of treatment technologies of biogas plants allow the use of biogas as an independent fuel in cogeneration plants in the immediate vicinity of biogas plants. Calculation of the heat balance of the drive gas engine (8-cylinder, 100 mm cylinder diameter, 88 mm stroke) showed that in addition to generating 30 kW of electrical energy, it is possible to obtain additionally up to 162 MJ of thermal energy without taking heat from the lubrication system. When generating only electrical energy, the efficiency installation in nominal mode is about 30%, and with cogeneration – it increases to 75%. The next step is – the use of biogas as an additive to natural gas in reciprocating internal combustion engines on cars, buses and special agricultural machinery at the local or regional level. The results of research on the 8Ch10/8.8 gas combustion engine ensured the transition from quantitative to qualitative regulation of the fuel mixture of natural gas with biogas additives. An interdependent regulation algorithm has been developed for mixed fuel. With an increase in load, the share of biogas decreases, the mixture is enriched with natural gas. At a load of 75% or more, the enrichment of the fuel mixture occurs more intensively.
INTERNAL COMBUSTION GAS ENGINES IN SYSTEMS FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF FUEL ELEMENTS OF LARGE ENERGY FACILITIES
Authors: Bgantsev V.M. , Levterov A.M.
Published: January 2023

The proposed article analyzes the potential possibility of increasing the efficiency of an energy complex with a gas turbine and solid oxide high-temperature fuel cells, into the structure of which an auxiliary piston gas engine of internal combustion is integrated. Natural gas, methane was used as an energy carrier. The subject of the research is indicators of the working process of the auxiliary engine when it is working on mixed gas fuel (carbon monoxide - methane) of variable composition. The research was carried out by the computational and analytical method using a simplified method of calculating the working cycle of a piston engine. Solutions to several problems are considered: disposal of carbon monoxide emissions at the exit from fuel cells during their heating; provision of an additional source of electrical energy for powering methane conversion devices and an additional source of heat for its steam-plasma conversion; utilization of carbon monoxide and residues of incomplete methane conversion. Calculation studies of indicators of the working process of an auxiliary gas engine with a capacity of 100 kW on mixed fuel of variable composition (carbon monoxide - methane) show its stable operation with appropriate correction of the fuel supply regulation system. The effective efficiency coefficient in the entire range of fuel concentration slightly changed (from 0.369 to 0.380). Its growth is observed with an increase in the proportion of methane in the mixed fuel. The average effective pressure of the cycle practically does not change, and the maximum pressure of the cycle during engine operation in the entire range of changes in the composition of the mixture is at the level of 8.0 MPa. Slight change in the maximum temperature with an increase in the concentration of methane in the fuel mixture (from 2117 K to 2048 K) has been noticed. The research testified to the effectiveness of the proposed method of improving the environmental and economic characteristics of the energy complex with fuel cells, by including in its structure an auxiliary gas engine with minimal cost adaptation for operation on mixed fuel of variable composition.
METHOD OF ORGANIZING TWO-STAGE FUEL INJECTION INTO A DIESEL CYLINDER USING A HYDROMECHANICAL FUEL EQUIPMENT
Authors: Prokhorenko A. , Kravchenko S. , Solodky E.
Published: January 2023

The use of multiphase injection allows reducing the emission levels with exhaust gases and the noise of diesel engines. This paper proposes to improve the hydromechanical fuel supply system of diesel vehicles by providing the possibility of two-stage fuel supply. This task is solved by high-pressure fuel pump equipment, additionally by high-pressure sections that work to inject fuel for pilot injection. The drive shaft cams of these sections are ahead of the shaft cams of the main sections by 2-10 degrees rotation of the camshaft. In order to check the performance of the proposed two-stage fuel supply system and to confirm the possibility of achieving its stated parameters, calculation studies were performed based on mathematical modeling of hydromechanical processes in this system.

Calculation studies were carried out using a mathematical model of the high-pressure fuel system of the Ch12/14 research single-cylinder diesel engine. The mathematical model is implemented in the MATLAB programming environment. Test results of calculations according to this mathematical model for the operating mode of the system at a camshaft rotation frequency of 650 min-1 and full fuel supply, the high-pressure system provides two-stage injection with the following indicators: total cyclic fuel supply 64 mm3/cycle, pilot dose - 9 mm3/cycle (which is 16% of the total cyclical supply); the maximum injection pressure is 49 MPa with a maximum pressure of 58 MPa in the over-plunger cavity; the maximum injection pressure of the pilot dose is 14.7 MPa, while the pressure reached in the over-plunger cavity is 26.5 MPa; the duration of the injection of the pilot dose is about 2 degrees rotation of the camshaft, the main one - 4.7 degrees rotation of the camshaft.

The system also provides two-stage injection in modes according to the load (and speed) characteristics. When the load is reduced from the maximum by 35-40%, it does not affect the maximum injection pressure of the main part of the fuel at all speed modes of the system, after which there is a sharp drop of this parameter to the value of the maximum injection pressure of the pilot. The maximum injection pressure of the pilot dose practically does not depend on the speed mode and lies within 13.5-15 MPa. Since the amount of the pilot dose is not adjustable, it does not depend on the movement of the high-pressure fuel pump rail and is 2 mm3/cycle at a rotation frequency of 450 min-1, 6 mm3/cycle at a rotation frequency of 550 min-1 and 9 mm3/cycle at a rotation frequency of 650 min-1.
COMPLEX THERMAL INTEGRATION OF THE RECTIFICATION PROCESS USING THERMAL COMPRESSION
Authors: Ryshenko I. , Вykanov S. , Babak T. , Gorbynov K.
Published: January 2023

The rectification process is widespread in many industries and requires significant energy consumption. The search for technological schemes of the rectification process, which ensures the maximum reduction of energy consumption, is arelevant task.

One of the modern approaches to the design of technological schemes aimed at ensuring resource and energy saving is pinch analysis. In this work, it was decided to apply the methods of pinch analysis and heat pump (thermocompression) for complex thermal integration of the methanol-water mixture rectification process.

On the basis of the material and heat balance of the rectification column the characteristics of the main technological flows of the methanol-water mixture rectification process were calculated: their consumption, temperatures, specific heat capacity, flow heat capacity, and enthalpy change (heat load). A flow table has been created. Composite process curves for the minimum temperature difference DТmin were constructed, the pinch point and the minimum power values of hot and cold utilities were determined. Based on the calculated data, a grid diagram was constructed and heat exchangers were located in accordance with the pinch rules, which allows to achieve the maximum heat recovery that corresponds to the selected DТmin.

For the use of a heat pump (thermocompression), the required degree of steam compression in the P2/P1 compressor was calculated. It was chosen taking into account the necessary steam temperature, which is sufficient for heating the cube of the column. Based on these calculations a technological diagram of the methanol-water rectification process with a heat pump (thermocompression) and thermal integration of the main technological flows was developed. Such a scheme provides a significant saving of hot and cold utilities in comparison with carrying out the process of rectification of the methanol-water mixture according to the principle technological scheme.
Respecting the Red White Flag and National Commitment in the Perspective of Hadith
Authors: Rahman Rahman , Alwi Zulfahmi , S. Puyu Darsul , Sawaluddin Sawaluddin , Triantoro Dony Arung
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study is to analyze the phenomena that occur in the community related to respect for the Red and White Flag and national commitment in the perspective of hadith. This study uses a qualitative approach. Qualitative approach is the process of solving the problem under study by describing the object of research in detail. The data collection technique in this study uses library research in the form of documentation studies, namely books that are relevant to hadith texts. The analysis technique used is through three paths, namely: first, data reduction, which is defined as the process of selecting data; secondly, presenting data; thirdly, drawing conclusions. As for the results of this study, the opinion which says that respecting the flag as a shirk behavior does not have a strong argument. They consider that respecting the flag is not included in worship. so respecting the flag means respecting inanimate objects, respecting inanimate objects is including shirk. The implications of the results of this study can at least provide input to policy makers that normatively, mainly based on hadith, that respecting the flag as a symbol of the state is permissible. In general, this research has provided an understanding that respecting the red and white flag is a form of national commitment that must be preserved continuously.
PATRONES Y ESTRATEGIAS DE REGULACIÓN EMOCIONAL EMPLEADAS EN PERSONAS MAYORES DE 60 AÑOS CON DETERIORO COGNITIVO
Authors: Parra-Rizo María Antonia , Agustí A.I. , Guillem-Saiz J. , González-Moreno J. , Cantero-García M.
Published: January 2023

Introducción. Son escasos los estudios científicos sobre los patrones cognitivos y estrategias empleadas en personas mayores con deterioro cognitivo (DC). Objetivo. El objetivo fue comparar 2 grupos de personas mayores, con DC y sin DC la refocalización de planes, catastrofización, autoculpa, refocalización positiva y reinterpretación positiva para observar diferencias y establecer patrones cognitivos adaptados al perfil para la mejora en la atención profesional. Método. Para ello en este estudio de corte transversal con diseño correlacional y muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia se empleó el Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) y Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) en 196 personas mayores de 60 años pertenecientes a centros de día y residencias (M= 75,95  DT= 10,08). Resultados. Se han obtenido resultados estadísticamente significativos en refocalización de planes (p <. 00); catastrofización (p= .00); autoculpa (p <. 00); refocalización positiva (p <. 00) reinterpretación positiva (p <. 00). Conclusiones. Es uno de los escasos estudios de este campo que contribuye a enfatizar la necesidad de estudio de variables emocionales adaptativas o desadaptativas para la vida del adulto mayor con DC inexistentes en el ámbito científico, además, muestra diferentes patrones cognitivos y estrategias adaptativas empleadas en DC y sin DC. Su conocimiento ayudaría a personalizar intervenciones en función de los patrones cognitivos presentes en esta publicación.
Логика как эмпирическая наука. Х.Патнем и М.Рэдхед
Authors: Печенкин Александр Александрович
Published: January 2023

Настоящая статья продолжает логические дискуссии, инициированные публикацией Биркгофом и фон Нейманом в 1946 г. статьи по квантвой логике. Однако статья концентрировается на дискуссии, развернувшейся в последние десятилетя прошлого вокруг статьи  Х.Патнема  "Является ли логика эмпирической наукой?" Патнем дал утвердительный ответ на этот вопрос. Мы, однако, воспроизводим также инструменталистскую позицию М.Рэдхеда, отрицающего универсалистский взгляд на логику. Квантовая логика, по Рэдхеду, именно логика, оперирующая понятиями "истина" и "общезначимость", понятиями, получающими смысл и значение при соотнесении логики с алгебраической структурой совокупности проекционных операторов, действующих в бесконечномеерном гильбертовом пространсте.  

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Телеология и целенаправленное поведение: логический анализ
Authors: Шалак Владимир Иванович
Published: January 2023

Целенаправленное поведение – телеологическое понятие, наиболее адекватное для описания многих изменений в живой природе, не вписывающихся в доктрину детерминизма. Такого рода поведение обладает уникальными характеристиками. Оно законоподобно, так как характеризуется устойчивостью и повторяемостью при сходных начальных условиях. Оно способно контролировать энтропию, так как в зависимости от цели его результаты имеют меньшую или большую энтропию, чем начальные условия. Также оно обладает свойствами своеобразной обратной причинности, когда будущее целевое состояние через посредство агента поведения вызывает изменения в настоящем.

Элементарные блоки целенаправленного поведения могут быть представлены правилами двух видов -- “Если имеет место C, сделай d, чтобы достичь G” и процессуальных “Если имеет место C, сделай d, чтобы запустить процесс P, который приведет к искомой цели G”. Сложное целенаправленное поведение может быть описано, как выполнение набора правил, определяющих, какие и в каком порядке следует производить действия для достижения искомой конечной цели. Успешные схемы целенаправленного поведения в последующем могут служить образцом для разработки различных технологий.

Анализ целенаправленной деятельности людей при вычислении функций привел А. Тьюринга к построению математической модели, получившей название машины Тьюринга. По ряду причин невозможно создать теорию целенаправленного поведения, сравнимую с теорией эффективной вычислимости, но вполне возможно построить общую модель и логическую теорию такого рода поведения, что и является целью настоящей работы. Для этого был взят язык, содержащий динамические операторы  и временные операторы U (Until) и S (Since). В работе определена семантика данного языка и осуществлена его аксиоматизация. В результате была построена минимальная комбинированная логика USD, допускающая дальнейшие расширения. Показано, каким образом в этой логике можно определить правила целенаправленного поведения и их разновидности.