bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFEITO DE LODO DE PAPEL RECICLADO SOBRE O CRESCIMENTO EM DIÂMETRO DE COLO DE Eucalyptus saligna Smith.
Authors: Faria Alvaro Boson de Castro , Auer Celso Garcia , Ângelo Alessandro Camargo , Costa Epitágoras Rodson Oliveira
Published: January 2017

Os resíduos sólidos da indústria de reciclagem de papel têm potencial de uso para correção da acidez do solo e como fonte de nutrientes para as culturas agrícolas e florestais. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do lodo de papel reciclado sobre o crescimento de diâmetro de colo de Eucalyptus saligna Smith, com base em um delineamento fatorial 4x2x5, sendo os fatores a dose do lodo, a adubação de cobertura e os dias após o tratamento, com 16 mudas implantadas em vasos a campo, durante 120 dias. Apesar de seu promissor uso como corretivo de solo, o lodo de papel reciclado prejudicou o desenvolvimento das plantas, e a maior dose prejudicou a adubação em cobertura.
Dehydrogenation Catalyst for Organic Hydride on the Basis of Superheated Liquid-Film Concept
Authors: Shono A. , Otake K. , Kobayashi D. , Kobayashi S. , Saito Y.
Published: January 2017

Reversible reaction couples of hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of organic compounds e.g. methylcyclohexane and toluene, or 2-propanol and acetone, are described in terms of hydrogen supplier to fuel cells, which will satisfy our demands of combined heat and power at various compact sizes. Carbon supported nano-sized metal particles, wetted with the liquid substrate in a reactor, was used for conversion of organic hydrides into hydrogen and organic compounds, being separable by distillation. Vigorous nucleate boiling is important for heat transfer as well as for irreversible bubble evolution, leading hydrogen to the vapor phase. Once the bubble is broken at the interface, catalytic hydrogenation will be prohibited, because gaseous hydrogen is unable to dissolve into the boiling liquid. Catalytic dehydrogenation under superheated liquid-film conditions can thus convert low-quality heats into hydrogen energy.
Quantitative Analytical Model of the Formation Damage by Gel Particles
Authors: Elsharafi Mahmoud , Saleh Laila , Bai Baojun
Published: January 2017

Formation damage by gel particles has become one of the most important problems in mature reservoirs. The objective of the quantitative analytical model is to identify an analytical model to the best fit of the preformed particle gels (PPGs) filtration test results. This work will analyze the experiments results of low permeability core samples to evaluate the effect of various brine concentrations and particle sizes. This study used a linear analytical model relationship between cumulative volumes versus filtration time with a good fits result. Linear curve equations for the best fitting equation was obtained. According to quantitative analytical model for all of our filtration tests, the cumulative filtration test volume (Vcf) was explained in this paper. Quantitative analytical model results showed the value of the slop m increases as the injection pressure increases. Compared with the experiments, the results show that, if the value of the intercept b > 2 the damage occurred because the gel particles invasion started into the core surface. Results from the quantitative analytical model were indicated to have a good fitting with almost all of the experimental results. It is the first time to use quantitative analytical model to analysis the formation damage by the PPGs. The results can be used to select the best gel treatment design.
Toward Resilient, Inclusive and Vital Technological Infrastructures for the Energies of the Landscape
Authors: Angelucci Filippo
Published: January 2017

Today, the implementation of energy infrastructure needs a complex â"dialogue" between two apparently different aspects: technical aspects that characterize the processes of production and transformation of energy for the territory, and socio-ecological aspects related to the biological, organizational, and economic variables for cultural, creative, and productive energies of the territory.
This new dimension of designing and building the energy infrastructures replaces to the classic esthetical idea of the landscape an integrated vision of human habitat in which innovations play a key role for the redefinition of relationships between téchne, bios and oikos.
On these subjects, this article proposes a reflection on a methodological approach to re-think energy infrastructures as technological-environmental interfaces between land resources, energy needs, living dynamics, and inhabiting practices of territories and cities. Four possible scenarios are presented starting from some research experiences developed on Italian Abruzzo region. Through these experiences, emerges a new strategic, tactic and operational framework for the design of energy infrastructures. A new design framework in which energy infrastructures can contribute to re-build relations and connections between the acceptance/correlation of technological innovations and resilience, inclusiveness and vitality of the landscape.
SymPy: symbolic computing in Python
Authors: Meurer Aaron , Smith Christopher P. , Paprocki Mateusz , Čertík Ondřej , Kirpichev Sergey B. , Rocklin Matthew , Kumar AMiT , Ivanov Sergiu , Moore Jason K. , Singh Sartaj , Rathnayake Thilina , Vig Sean , Granger Brian E. , Muller Richard P. , Bonazzi Francesco , Gupta Harsh , Vats Shivam , Johansson Fredrik , Pedregosa Fabian , Curry Matthew J. , Terrel Andy R. , Roučka Štěpán , Saboo Ashutosh , Fernando Isuru , Kulal Sumith , Cimrman Robert , Scopatz Anthony
Published: January 2017

SymPy is an open source computer algebra system written in pure Python. It is built with a focus on extensibility and ease of use, through both interactive and programmatic applications. These characteristics have led SymPy to become a popular symbolic library for the scientific Python ecosystem. This paper presents the architecture of SymPy, a description of its features, and a discussion of select submodules. The supplementary material provide additional examples and further outline details of the architecture and features of SymPy.
Bracken: estimating species abundance in metagenomics data
Authors: Lu Jennifer , Breitwieser Florian P. , Thielen Peter , Salzberg Steven L.
Published: January 2017

Metagenomic experiments attempt to characterize microbial communities using high-throughput DNA sequencing. Identification of the microorganisms in a sample provides information about the genetic profile, population structure, and role of microorganisms within an environment. Until recently, most metagenomics studies focused on high-level characterization at the level of phyla, or alternatively sequenced the 16S ribosomal RNA gene that is present in bacterial species. As the cost of sequencing has fallen, though, metagenomics experiments have increasingly used unbiased shotgun sequencing to capture all the organisms in a sample. This approach requires a method for estimating abundance directly from the raw read data. Here we describe a fast, accurate new method that computes the abundance at the species level using the reads collected in a metagenomics experiment. Bracken (Bayesian Reestimation of Abundance after Classification with KrakEN) uses the taxonomic assignments made by Kraken, a very fast read-level classifier, along with information about the genomes themselves to estimate abundance at the species level, the genus level, or above. We demonstrate that Bracken can produce accurate species- and genus-level abundance estimates even when a sample contains multiple near-identical species.
Interação entre herbicidas e nematicidas na cultura da cana-de-açúcar
Authors: Giraldeli Ana Ligia , Monquero Patrícia Andrea , Malardo Marcelo Rafael , Ramos Stephanie Karen , Torres Beatriz Alexandre , Gomes Renan Reches , Da Silva Paulo Vinicius
Published: January 2017

A cana-de-açúcar tem grande importância econômica no Brasil. Para manter sua produtividade diversos fatores bióticos e abióticos podem influenciar positiva ou negativamente. Dentre eles, podem ser citados as plantas daninhas, os nematoides e a interação entre produtos fitossanitários para o controle de ambos. Em função disto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a interação entre herbicidas e nematicidas usados na cultura da cana-de-açúcar. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 5 x 3, com 4 repetições. O primeiro fator corresponde aos herbicidas sulfentrazone (800 g ha-1 a.i.), saflufenacil (98 g ha-1 a.i.), diuron + hexazinone (1170 g ha-1 a.i. + 330 g ha-1 a.i.), amicarbazone (1050 g ha-1 a.i.), mais a testemunha; o segundo fator aos nematicidas benfuracarbe (2000 g ha-1 a.i.), carbofuran (1750 g ha-1 a.i.), mais a testemunha. Os nematicidas foram aplicados em contato com os toletes e os herbicidas aplicados em pré-emergência da cultura, sendo realizado nas variedades de cana-de-açúcar RB867515, RB975201 e RB975952. As avaliações de fitotoxicidade foram realizadas aos 7, 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias após a emergência (DAE) da cultura. Na última avaliação foram determinados os parâmetros biométricos altura, área foliar e biomassa seca da parte aérea. Todas as plantas se recuperaram aos 60 DAE, sendo que nos tratamentos com o uso do herbicida sulfentrazone foram observados sintomas mais elevados de intoxicação. Quanto aos parâmetros biométricos avaliados aos 60 DAE, não houve interação significativa para os fatores herbicida e nematicida, mas houve diferença entre os tratamentos em cada variedade.
Período de chuva após a aplicação de saflufenacil no controle de macrófitas aquáticas flutuantes
Authors: Silva Junior Antonio Carlos , Gonçalves Clebson Gomes , Martins Dagoberto
Published: January 2017

O herbicida saflufenacil pode ser uma alternativa a mais para o controle de plantas daninhas de ambiente aquático, porém no momento ou após a aplicação do herbicida algumas intempéries, como a chuva, podem inviabilizar o controle químico de espécies problemáticas que ocorrem neste ambiente. Com isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ocorrência de diferentes períodos de chuva após a aplicação do herbicida saflufenacil no controle de aguapé e alface d'água. O estudo foi instalado em vasos plásticos com capacidade de 2,5 litros de água e mantidos em casa de vegetação. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com nove tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos constaram da simulação de chuva realizada através de um pulverizado estacionário em períodos após a aplicação do herbicida: 0; 0,25; 0,5; 1; 2; 4; 6; e 12 horas, além do período sem chuva. O saflufenacil foi aplicado na dosagem de 33,6 g ha-1 e foram realizadas avaliações aos 7, 14, 21, 28 e 35 dias após a aplicação do herbicida. Constatou-se que a ocorrência de chuva em intervalos superiores a duas horas após a aplicação do saflufenacil não alterou a eficiência no aguapé. Já para as plantas de alface d'água o controle foi eficiente com um tempo mínimo de quatro horas para a ocorrência de chuva após a aplicação deste herbicida. Finalmente, para todas as plantas, períodos iguais ou maiores que seis horas após a aplicação do saflufenacil proporcionam controle total das plantas de aguapé e alface d'água.
Efeitos do diclosulam na soja cultivada em solos de diferentes classes texturais
Authors: Gazola Tiago , Dias Márcio Furriela , Belapart Diego , Castro Edicarlos Batista , Bianchi Leandro
Published: January 2017

O uso de herbicidas em pré-emergência da cultura da soja é uma ótima ferramenta para o manejo de plantas daninhas. Porém é importante conhecer os efeitos de herbicidas, a fim de evitar decréscimo na produtividade. Assim, o objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar a sensibilidade de três cultivares de soja submetidas à aplicação do herbicida diclosulam em pré-emergência em solos de textura argilosa e média. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação no delineamento de blocos inteiramente casualizados com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 6x2, onde o fator A correspondeu a diferentes épocas de pulverização do herbicida diclosulam, todas em pré-emergência, sendo: testemunha sem aplicação, 28, 21, 14, 7 e 0 dias antes da semeadura (DAS) da soja e o fator B correspondeu as texturas dos solos. As cultivares utilizadas foram a M 6410 IPRO, NS 6906 IPRO e NS 7000 IPRO. A semeadura ocorreu ao final das pulverizações dos tratamentos no dia 0 DAS. Avaliou-se o índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE), porcentagem de fitotoxicidade, altura de plantas, massa seca da parte aérea e massa seca do sistema radicular. De acordo com as metodologias empregadas neste experimento, o herbicida diclosulam aplicado em pré-emergência nos solos de textura argilosa e média é seguro para as cultivares de soja analisadas, pois não provocou efeitos negativos no desenvolvimento das plantas.
Controle de amarelinho (Tecoma stans) em pastagem com aplicações localizadas de herbicidas
Authors: Mendes Rafael Romero , Biffe Denis Fernando , Constantin Jamil , Oliveira Jr. Rubem Silvério de , Rosa Ênio Lemes , Cuba André Lucas Faccin , Baladeli Rodrigo Barilari
Published: January 2017

A presença de amarelinho (Tecoma stans) em áreas de pastagem pode comprometer a formação e o desenvolvimento das plantas forrageiras, o que prejudica a produção animal, além de dificultar operações mecanizadas com a utilização de implementos de arrasto. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o controle de amarelinho com herbicidas associados a métodos de aplicação localizada, bem como a fitointoxicação da pastagem composta por capim-tanzânia (Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia). Os tratamentos foram triclopyr (4%) e triclopyr (3%) aplicados na base das plantas (AB); picloram (2%) aplicado no toco das plantas após o corte (AT); triclopyr + picloram (1% + 1%) e triclopyr + picloram (2% + 2%) AB, mais uma testemunha sem aplicação e uma testemunha roçada. Todos os tratamentos com herbicidas resultaram em níveis de controle acima de 95% aos 270 dias após a aplicação, sendo mais eficientes do que o tratamento apenas com a roçada da parte aérea, em função da capacidade de rebrote das plantas. Os herbicidas causaram injúrias à pastagem, mas apenas na área localizada imediatamente ao redor das plantas que receberam aplicação.
Eficácia de glyphosate na dessecação de braquiárias em dois níveis de biomassa
Authors: Timossi Paulo César , Almeida Dieimisson Paulo , Ramos Andréia Rodrigues , Felisberto Patrícia Aparecida de Carvalho , Lima Suzete Fernandes , Silva Uadson Ramos
Published: January 2017

Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar a eficácia de glyphosate na dessecação de Urochloa ruziziensis, U. decumbens e U. brizantha cv. Piatã em dois níveis de biomassa para estabelecimento de plantio direto em áreas de Cerrado. O delineamento experimental adotado foi de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas. As parcelas foram constituídas de dois níveis de biomassa e as subparcelas foram constituídas por quatro dosagens do herbicida glyphosate na marca comercial Roundup Ultra® a 0,65; 1,30, 1,95 e 2,60 kg ha-1 de equivalente ácido. A aplicação foi realizada com pulverizador customizado pressurizado a CO2 com pressão constante de 210 kPa munido de barra com oito bicos com pontas TT110015, espaçados em 0,5 m e consumo de calda equivalente a 100 L ha-1. As avaliações basearam-se na porcentagem de controle da massa vegetal, realizada aos 10, 15 e 20 dias após a aplicação. Conclui-se que a U. ruziziensis é mais sensível ao glyphosate que as demais espécies pesquisadas e que os níveis de biomassa influenciam na dose a ser ministrada apenas para a U. decumbens e U. brizantha cv. Piatã.
Controle de três espécies de Euphorbia por herbicidas aplicados em pré-emergência sobre a palhada de cana-de-açúcar
Authors: Ferreira Débora Teresa Da Rocha Gomes , Silva Vicente Mota da , Silva Ivanildo Claudino da , Santos Jeferson Miguel Dias , Almeida Freds Fernando Alves de , Souza Renan Cantalice de , Ferreira Vilma Marques
Published: January 2017

A permanência da palhada sobre o solo altera a fitossociologia das plantas daninhas e afeta o controle pela dificuldade de transposição dos herbicidas da palhada para o solo, sendo de fundamental importância o seu transporte o mais rápido possível. Este trabalho teve por objetivo conhecer a eficiência de dois herbicidas, aplicados sobre palhada, em diferentes períodos sem chuva, no controle de E. heterophylla, E. hyssopifoliae E. hirta. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em casa-de-vegetação sob delineamento inteiramente casualizado, disposto em parcelas subdivididas no tempo (períodos sem chuva: 0, 15, 30 e 45 dias), com três repetições. As sementes foram distribuídas sobre o solo e cobertas por uma camada de palhada de 10 t ha-1. A aplicação dos herbicidas, diuron + hexazinona + sulfometurom-metílico e tebuthiuron, foi realizada em pré-emergência sobre a palhada. Em seguida, respeitando o período sem chuva, os vasos receberam uma lâmina de irrigação de 20 mm de água. Aos 43 dias, foram avaliados o controle visual e a massa seca da parte aérea. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e ajustados ao modelo de equação linear ou quadrática. E. hirtafoi 100% controlada pelos dois herbicidas em todos os períodos sem chuva. O tebuthiuronnão foi eficiente no controle de E. heterophyllae E. hyssopifoliaapós 45 dias sem chuva. O diuron + hexazinone + sulfometurom é eficiente no controle das três espécies de Euphorbiamesmo sendo aplicado sobre a palhada e passando o período de 45 dias para ser lixiviado. Diuron + hexazinona + sulfometurom aplicado sobre a palhada da cana-de-açúcar foi eficiente no controle de todas as espécies de Euphorbia estudadas.
Influência da matéria orgânica na fitorremediação de solo contaminado com sulfentrazone
Authors: Trevisan Evelyn , Belo Alessandra Ferreira , Pires Fábio Ribeiro , Bonomo Robson , Viana Douglas Gomes , Egreja Filho Fernando Barboza
Published: January 2017

A matéria orgânica exerce influência nos atributos químicos, físicos e biológicos do solo e também pode influenciar na taxa de degradação e sorção de herbicidas. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da adição de composto orgânico ao solo sobre a capacidade da Canavalia ensiformis (L.) (feijão-de-porco) em remediar solo contaminado com sulfentrazone. O trabalho foi conduzido em duas etapas, na primeira, os tratamentos foram compostos pela combinação de quatro níveis de composto orgânico e aplicação ou não do herbicida sulfentrazone. Após o preparo do solo aplicou-se à superfície o herbicida. Posteriormente, procedeu-se a semeadura da espécie fitorremediadora C. ensiformis. Aos 75 dias após a emergência (DAE) foram colhidas amostras da parte aérea, raiz e de solo. Todo material colhido foi congelado a aproximadamente -20ºC e, em seguida determinou-se a acumulação do herbicida na planta e no solo por meio da cromatografia. Na segunda etapa, foi semeado o Pennisetum glaucum (L.) (milheto), planta indicadora de resíduo de sulfentrazone no solo, e foram realizadas avaliações biométricas aos 30 e 60 DAE. Não foi encontrado resíduo de sulfentrazone na parte aérea e raízes da espécie fitorremediadora avaliada, todavia detectou-se no solo. O aumento nos níveis do composto orgânico contribuiu para o crescimento e acúmulo de biomassa do milheto, quando cultivado em sucessão a espécie fitorremediadora C. ensiformis, no entanto, não favoreceu a fitorremediação.
Herbicidas aplicados em pré-emergência controlam plantas individuais e touceiras de milho voluntário RR® F2 em soja?
Authors: Piasecki Cristiano , Rizzardi Mauro Antonio
Published: January 2017

O cultivo da soja RR® precedido por milho RR® aumentou a ocorrência de plantas voluntárias de milho interferindo na soja. Também denominadas “tigueras” ou “plantas guachas”, as voluntárias originam-se dos grãos perdidos durante a colheita do milho. As perdas ocorrem na forma de grãos individuais, que originam plantas individuais, e na forma de espigas inteiras ou em pedaços contendo vários grãos, que originarão as touceiras. O milho voluntário se não controlado interfere com a soja e reduz significativamente o rendimento de grãos, mesmo em populações inferiores a uma planta m-2. Herbicidas pré-emergentes utilizados para o controle de plantas daninhas em soja têm efeito de controle sobre o milho voluntário RR® F2, porém, poucos trabalhos demonstram sua eficiência. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o controle de touceiras e plantas individuais de milho voluntário RR® de segunda geração (F2), proporcionado pela aplicação dos herbicidas chlorimuron (25 g ha-1), diclosulam (25,2 g ha-1), chlorimuron + sulfometuron (18,7 + 18,7 g ha-1), imazapic + imazapyr (78,7 + 26,2 g ha-1), clomazone (360 g ha-1) e pyroxasulfone (119 g ha-1), aplicados em pré-emergência da soja. Foram realizados dois experimentos à campo no delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. O herbicida imazapic + imazapyr foi eficiente para o controle de touceiras, enquanto diclosulam, chlorimuron + sulfometuron e imazapic + imazapyr controlaram plantas individuais, apresentando controle superior a 80%. Embora os resultados apresentam controle do milho, o rendimento de grãos da soja reduziu em todos tratamentos quando comparados a soja livre de competição com milho, indicando a necessidade de aplicações complementares de herbicidas em pós-emergência, principalmente em altas infestações de milho.
Eficiência de controle de cipó-de-veado por glyphosate e glyphosate + 2,4-D em diferentes horários de aplicação
Authors: Maciel Cleber Daniel de Goes , Iuchemin Cesar Eduardo Lourenço , Souza Michel Vicentin de , Silva André Augusto Pazinato da , Karpinski Ricardo André Kloster , Helvig Enelise Osco , Karpinski Paula Karine Kloster , Baixo Bruna Teixeira , Matias João Paulo
Published: January 2017

As aplicações de herbicidas são normalmente realizadas em condições ambientais específicas que podem influenciar a eficácia dos produtos. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a influência de horários de aplicação dos herbicidas glyphosate e glyphosate + 2,4-D no controle da planta daninha cipó-de-veado (Polygonum convolvulus). O experimento foi desenvolvido com vasos em condições de campo. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelos herbicidas glyphosate (960 g ha-1) e glyphosate + 2,4-D (960 + 335 g ha-1), ambos aplicados em 25 e 26/09/2015, nos horários de 22:00 h, 3:00 h, 7:00 h; 12:00 h e 17:00 h e uma testemunha sem aplicação, para o controle da planta daninha cipó-de-veado. As unidades experimentais foram constituídas por vasos plásticos com 4 plantas em estádio de 3 a 5 folhas, mantidas em condições naturais da aplicação até os 28 DAA (dias após aplicação). As aplicações foram realizadas com um pulverizador costal com quatro pontas de pulverização AVI110.02, pressão de 210 kPa, velocidade de deslocamento de 3,6 km h-1 e taxa de aplicação de 200 L ha-1. Os resultados indicaram que glyphosate e glyphosate + 2,4-D controlaram eficientemente a planta daninha a partir dos 14 DAA, independentemente do horário da aplicação. Entretanto, foram constatadas reduções significativa na eficiência de controle e produção de matéria seca da parte aérea da planta daninha no horário das 12:00 h, assim como menor deposição de glyphosate + 2,4-D, em todos os horários das aplicações.
Semaglutide and Opioid Overdose Risk in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Wang William , Volkow Nora D. , Wang QuangQiu , Berger Nathan A. , Davis Pamela B. , Kaelber David C. , Xu Rong
Published: September 2024

This cohort study uses emulation target trial methods to evaluate whether semaglutide is associated with lower rates of opioid overdose among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and opioid use disorder (OUD).
Avalanche Survival Rates in Switzerland, 1981-2020
Authors: Rauch Simon , Brugger Hermann , Falk Markus , Zweifel Benjamin , Strapazzon Giacomo , Albrecht Roland , Pietsch Urs
Published: September 2024

Importance

Survival probability among individuals critically buried by avalanche is highly time dependent, which was demonstrated 30 years ago. However, it remains unclear whether avalanche survival probability has changed over time.

Objective

To assess the avalanche survival rate and probability as well as the rescue probability over the past 4 decades.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this cohort study, avalanche data from Switzerland that were collected by the WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research (SLF) in Davos were analyzed from the winter beginning in 1981 to that beginning in 2020 and compared with data from the period 1981 to 1990. Data were analyzed from January to April 2024.

Exposure

Critical avalanche burial (ie, burial involving the head and chest).

Main Outcomes and Measures

Survival rate among individuals critically buried by avalanche, survival probability, and rescue probability in relation to time buried under the avalanche.

Results

The study included 1643 individuals critically buried by avalanche (mean [SD] age, 37 [13.7] years; 1090 of 1342 with known sex [81.2%] were male) among 3805 avalanches involving 7059 persons. Compared with the period from 1981 to 1990, the total survival rate over the full study period increased from 43.5% (95% CI, 38.8%-48.3%) to 53.4% (95% CI, 51.0%-55.8%). Survival probability remained high at 91% (95% CI, 80%-100%) for rescue during the first 10 minutes but then decreased to 31% (95% CI, 11%-51%) for rescue between 10 and 30 minutes. The survival rate among those buried long term (>130 minutes) increased from 2.6% (95% CI, 0.7%-6.9%) to 7.3% (95% CI, 4.8%-10.7%). The median rescue time decreased from 45 (IQR, 15-148) minutes to 25 (IQR, 10-85) minutes. Survival rates among individuals rescued from avalanche by organized rescue teams increased from 14.0% (28 of 200) to 22.9% (161 of 704).

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study of 1643 individuals critically buried by avalanche found that over the past 4 decades, total survival rates considerably increased and rescue times decreased. Survival rates among those buried long term (>130 minutes) also increased. These findings are likely attributable to collaborative efforts among stakeholders to enhance avalanche search-and-rescue techniques and medical interventions.
From Metals to Semiconductors: Advancing MXY (M = Ti, Sn, Ir, X = Se, Te, Y = Se, Te) Compounds with Strain Engineering—A Computational Perspective
Authors: Aldaoseri Munaf , Nourbakhsh Zahra , Vashaee Daryoosh
Published: September 2024

In this computational study, density functional theory (DFT) is employed to analyze the structural, electronic, elastic, and topological properties of ternary compounds MXY (M = Ti, Sn, Ir, X = Se, Te, Y = Se, Te). The effects of spin–orbit interaction and pressure‐induced strain are investigated to understand their influence on the stability, mechanical properties, and electronic behavior, paving the way for potential technological applications. The findings confirm that these compounds are inherently stable in nonmagnetic phases, with spin–orbit interaction critically influencing their energy–volume landscapes. The calculated lattice parameters, ratios of lattice constants, and bulk moduli closely align with existing data, confirming the reliability of our approach. Mechanical assessments reveal distinct behaviors: IrSe2 exhibits the highest stiffness due to pronounced covalent bonding, contrasting with SnTe2's elastic anisotropy and SnSeTe's nearly isotropic properties. Electronically, most compounds show metallic characteristics, except SnSe2, which behaves as a semiconductor with an indirect, pressure‐sensitive energy bandgap. Topological analysis under varying hydrostatic pressures indicates band inversions in TiSe2, IrSe2, and SnSeTe, suggesting topological phase transitions absent in other compounds. This study enriches our understanding of these materials and refines the application of DFT in material design.
An Advanced Mechanically Active Osteoarthritis‐on‐Chip Model to Test Injectable Therapeutic Formulations: The SYN321 Case Study
Authors: Palma Cecilia , Piazza Stefano , Visone Roberta , Ringom Rune , Björklund Ulf , Bermejo Gómez Antonio , Rasponi Marco , Occhetta Paola
Published: September 2024

Current treatments for osteoarthritis (OA) often fail to address the underlying pathophysiology and may have systemic side effects, particularly associated with long‐term use of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Thus, researchers are currently directing their efforts toward innovative polymer‐drug combinations, such as mixtures of hyaluronic acid viscoelastic hydrogels and NSAIDs like diclofenac, to ensure sustained release of the NSAID within the joint following intra‐articular injection. However, the progress of novel injectable therapies for OA is hindered by the absence of preclinical models that accurately represent the pathology of the disease. The uBeat® MultiCompress platform is here presented as a novel approach for studying anti‐OA injectable therapeutics on human mechanically‐damaged OA cartilage microtissues, in a physiologically relevant environment. This platform can accommodate injectable therapeutic formulations and is successfully tested with SYN321, a novel diclofenac‐sodium hyaluronate conjugate under development as a treatment for knee OA. Results indicate the platform's effectiveness in evaluating therapeutic potential, showing downregulation of inflammatory markers and reduction in matrix degradation in OA cartilage micro‐tissues treated with SYN321. The uBeat® MultiCompress platform thus represents a valuable tool for OA research, offering a bridge between traditional in vitro studies and potential clinical applications, with implications for future drug discovery.
Dual‐Mode Semiconductor Device Enabling Optoelectronic Detection and Neuromorphic Processing with Extended Spectral Responsivity
Authors: Fu Can , Yang Jiawei , Wang Jiang , Luo Shenghui , Luo Linbao , Wei Huanhuan , Li Yujiao , Jiang Shanshan , He Gang
Published: September 2024

High‐performance semiconductor devices capable of multiple functions are pivotal in meeting the challenges of miniaturization and integration in advanced technologies. Despite the inherent difficulties of incorporating dual functionality within a single device, a high‐performance, dual‐mode device is reported. This device integrates an ultra‐thin Al2O3 passivation layer with a PbS/Si hybrid heterojunction, which can simultaneously enable optoelectronic detection and neuromorphic operation. In mode 1, the device efficiently separates photo‐generated electron‐hole pairs, exhibiting an ultra‐wide spectral response from ultraviolet (265 nm) to near‐infrared (1650 nm) wavelengths. It also reproduces high‐quality images of 256 × 256 pixels, achieving a Q‐value as low as 0.00437 µW cm−2 at a light intensity of 8.58 µW cm−2. Meanwhile, when in mode 2, the as‐assembled device with typical persistent photoconductivity (PPC) behavior can act as a neuromorphic device, which can achieve 96.5% accuracy in classifying standard digits underscoring its efficacy in temporal information processing. It is believed that the present dual‐function devices potentially advance the multifunctionality and miniaturization of chips for intelligence applications.
Advances and Challenges in Large‐Area Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Liu Hui , Shi Guangyi , Peng Chenchen , Chen Wenjing , Yao Haitao , Xiao Zhengguo
Published: September 2024

Metal halide perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have shown promise for high‐definition displays and flat‐panel lighting because of their wide color gamut, narrow emission band, and high brightness. The external quantum efficiency of PeLEDs increased rapidly from ≈1% to more than 25% in the past few years. However, most of these high‐performance devices are fabricated using a spin coating method with a small device area of <0.1 cm2, limiting their commercial applications. Recently, large‐area PeLEDs have attracted growing attention and significant breakthroughs have been reported. This perspective first introduces the pros and cons of each technique in making large‐area PeLEDs. The advances in the fabrication of large‐area PeLEDs are then summarized using spin coating and mass‐production methods such as inkjet printing, blade coating, and thermal evaporation. Moreover, the challenging issues will be discussed that are urgent to be solved for large‐area PeLEDs.
CO2 Electroreduction to Long‐Chain Hydrocarbons on Cobalt Catalysts
Authors: Preikschas Phil , Zhang Jie , Seemakurthi Ranga Rohit , Lian Zan , Martín Antonio José , Xi Shibo , Krumeich Frank , Ma Haibin , Zhou Yansong , López Núria , Yeo Boon Siang , Pérez‐Ramírez Javier
Published: September 2024

Renewable‐powered electrocatalytic CO2 conversion to long‐chain hydrocarbons represents a sustainable path to produce chemicals and fuels. However, recently discovered systems still lack C–C coupling capabilities required to yield longer, more valuable carbon chains. This study reports cobalt catalysts with a focus on a Co3O4‐derived material for the selective conversion of CO2 to C1–C7 hydrocarbons, following an Anderson–Schulz–Flory distribution. The obtained chain growth probability (α) of 0.54 substantially exceeds that of any other known electrocatalyst, which ranged from 0.2 to 0.4. Detailed in situ characterization and simulations indicated that Co‐Co3O4 interfaces, formed in situ during CO2 electrolysis, are the active sites that promote enhanced chain growth. To prevent overreduction that causes the deactivation of these interfacial sites, the electrode is exposed to intermittent short reoxidation cycles during CO2 electrolysis. Consequently, the catalyst regained its oxidic phase and ability to form hydrocarbons. Overall, this study opens new frontiers in the one‐step conversion of CO2 into multi‐carbon products and suggests the exploration of metal–metal oxide interfaces as a promising strategy for further progress.
Unravel the Distinctive Roles of Liquid and Solid Additives in Blade‐Coated Active Layer for Organic Solar Cell Modules
Authors: Wupur Adiljan , Li Yaokai , Luo Yongmin , Chen Tianyi , Wang Mengting , Zhang Yiqing , Liu Zhi‐Xi , Wu Haotian , Tan Honglin , Zhang Qing , Sun Xiaokang , Hu Hanlin , Li Xiong , Wu Jiaying , Fu Weifei , Qiu Weiming , Yang Xi , Chen Hongzheng
Published: September 2024

Although encouraging progress in spin‐coated small‐area organic solar cells (OSCs), reducing efficiency loss caused by differences in film uniformity and morphology when up‐scaled to large‐area modules through meniscus‐guided coating is an important but unsolved issue. In this work, in‐depth research is conducted on the influence of both liquid and solid additives on the film uniformity and morphology of active layer in blade‐coated PM6:L8‐BO binary system. The study reveals that high boiling point liquid additives like 1,8‐diiodooctane (DIO) used in blade‐coating not only delay the volatilization of the solvent but also trigger the Marangoni flow in the same direction as capillary flow, causing excessive aggregation of acceptors, therefore destroying device performance. On the contrary, the solid additive 2‐Iododiphenyl ether (IDPE), which is first reported in this work, can preserve the mechanism for improving device performance while effectively suppressing the excessive aggregation of acceptors during the film‐forming process in blade‐coating from halogen‐free solvent of toluene, resulting in highly homogeneous large‐area active layer films. Consequently, organic solar modules with an impressive efficiency of 15.34% with a total module area of 18.90 cm2 via blade‐coating based on PM6:L8‐BO are achieved. This study not only provides a deep understanding on the effect of liquid and solid additives during blade‐coating from the perspective of fluid mechanisms but also gives a pathway for the development of green solvent printed high‐efficiency OSCs.
Activity of bimetallic PdIn/CeO2 catalysts tuned by thermal reduction for improving methanol synthesis via CO2 hydrogenation
Authors: Shao Yan , Wu Bohong , Qiu Boya , Cai Rongsheng , Quan Cui , Gao Ningbo , Zeng Feng , Fan Xiaolei , Chen Huanhao
Published: September 2024

Synergistic Pd–In2O3 catalysts are promising candidates for producing methanol via CO2 hydrogenation, and the metal phases in them can be tuned by thermal reduction treatment affecting the catalytic activity significantly. This work presents a comprehensive investigation to gain an insight into the effect of thermal reduction temperature on the variation and interaction of Pd and In2O3 phases supported on CeO2 (viz., PdIn/CeO2) and their correlations with CO2 hydrogenation toward methanol synthesis. The findings show that Pd/In‐rich PdIn alloys and In2O3 with relatively strong interaction are key phases (by reducing the PdIn/CeO2 at 300°C) for promoting methanol formation, leading to a high selectivity to methanol at 78.9% and space–time yield (STY) of 3.6 gCH3OH gPdIn−1 h−1. A further increase in reduction temperature (from 300 to 500°C) promoted the formation of homogenized PdIn intermetallic alloys with significantly poor ability for H2 dissociation and CO2 activation, and hence poor methanol yield.
An Automated Electrochemical Flow Platform to Accelerate Library Synthesis and Reaction Optimization
Authors: Rial‐Rodríguez Eduardo , Williams Jason D. , Cantillo David , Fuchß Thomas , Sommer Alena , Eggenweiler Hans‐Michael , Kappe C. Oliver , Laudadio Gabriele
Published: September 2024

Automated batch and flow setups are well‐established for high throughput experimentation in both thermal chemistry and photochemistry. However, the development of automated electrochemical platforms is hindered by cell miniaturization challenges in batch and difficulties in designing effective single‐pass flow systems. In order to address these issues, we have designed and implemented a new, slug‐based automated electrochemical flow platform. This platform was successfully demonstrated for electrochemical C−N cross‐couplings of E3 ligase binders with diverse amines (44 examples), which were subsequently transferred to a continuous‐flow mode for confirmation and isolation, showing its applicability for medicinal chemistry purposes. To further validate the versatility of the platform, Design of Experiments (DoE) optimization was performed for an unsuccessful library target. This optimization process, fully automated by the platform, resulted in a remarkable 6‐fold increase in reaction yield.
Using an Academic‐Practice Partnership to Address the Perioperative Nursing Shortage
Authors: Apple Brandi , Letvak Susan , Garrett Kristin , Fencl Jennifer L. (Zinn)
Published: September 2024

The nursing shortage continues to affect perioperative nursing negatively. Multiple factors, including a lack of exposure to the perioperative nursing specialty during baccalaureate nursing programs, influence the number of applicants for open perioperative positions. In 2018, we formed a collaborative academic‐practice partnership to address this critical gap at our facility. We created an interactive learning program that included a scenario in a fully equipped OR simulation suite to provide nursing students with exposure to the perioperative setting. Students who participated in the experience reported that they appreciated exposure to an OR environment and engaging with perioperative personnel. Additionally, there was an increase in the number of nurse externship applications and students who were interested in completing their capstone experience in perioperative settings at our health care system. These positive outcomes illustrate that an effective collaboration between academic and clinical practice leaders can increase nursing students’ interest in perioperative nursing.
EML4‐ALK G1202R and EML4‐ALK L1196M mutations induce crizotinib resistance in non‐small cell lung cancer cells through activating epithelial–mesenchymal transition mediated by MDM2/MEK/ERK signal axis
Authors: Yang Yuying , Yang Huan , Gao Yunhui , Yang Qian , Zhu Xinya , Miao Qianying , Xu Xiaobo , Li Zengqiang , Zuo Daiying
Published: September 2024

Crizotinib, as the first‐generation of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor, effectively improves the survival time of ALK‐positive non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, its efficacy is severely limited by drug resistance caused by secondary mutations. G1202R and L1196M are classical mutation sites located in ALK kinase domain. They may hinder the binding of ALK inhibitors to the target kinase domain, resulting in drug resistance in patients. However, the exact mechanism of drug resistance mediated by these mutations remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate how G1202R and L1196M mutations mediate crizotinib resistance. To explore the resistance mechanism, we constructed EML4‐ALK G1202R and L1196M mutant cell lines with A549 cells. The results showed that the mutant cells exhibited significant epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis compared to control (A549‐vector) or wild type (A549‐EML4‐ALK) cells. Subsequently, it was found that the occurrence of EMT was correlated to the high expression of murine double minute 2 (MDM2) protein and the activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in mutant cells. Down‐regulation of MDM2 inhibited the activation of MEK/ERK pathway, thus reversed the EMT process and markedly increased the inhibitory effect of crizotinib on the growth of mutant cells. Collectively, resistance of ALK‐positive NSCLC cells to crizotinib is induced by G1202R and L1196M mutations through activation of the MDM2/MEK/ERK signalling axis, promoting EMT process and metastasis. These findings suggest that the combination of MDM2 inhibitors and crizotinib could be a potential therapeutic strategy.
Facile synthesis of zeolitic‐imidazole framework‐67 (ZIF‐67) for the adsorption of indigo carmine dye
Authors: Kola Duygu Yanardag , Edebali Serpil
Published: September 2024

This study aims to synthesize ZIF‐67 for the adsorption of indigo carmine (I.C.) dye. ZIF‐67 materials were synthesized under different conditions and the synthesis condition of ZIF‐67 giving the best adsorption efficiency was obtained. In batch adsorption studies, pH, adsorbent amount, contact time, initial dye concentration, and temperature effects were investigated. Adsorption data were applied to Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models. The best correlation value was obtained in Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.999). The adsorption of I.C. dye with ZIF‐67 occurred in a monolayer with a homogeneous surface according to Langmuir isotherm. The highest adsorption capacity value of ZIF‐67 metal–organic framework for I.C. dye was found as 370 mg/g. Kinetic model studies were also performed and pseudo first‐order, pseudo second‐order, and intraparticle diffusion models were used. Pseudo second‐order was the best fitting kinetic model to the data (R2 = 0.997). Adsorption mechanisms of ZIF‐67 for I.C. dye include electrostatic interaction, π–π interaction, and hydrogen bonding. Thermodynamic studies showed that I.C. removal by ZIF‐67 is an exothermic and spontaneous process. ZIF‐67 was characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM), and N2 adsorption–desorption. The surface area of synthesized ZIF‐67 was found 1493 m2 g−1. The salt concentration effect on I.C. adsorption by ZIF‐67 was also investigated, showing an increase in adsorption capacities with increasing salt concentration. The regeneration study was carried out and after 5 cycles, the reduction in efficiency was 21%.
Robust and Highly Stretchable Ionic Conductive Thermoplastic Elastomers Prepared via Easily Scalable Melt Transesterification and Melt Blending for Flexible Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Yan Dongguang , Gu Chengyu , Pi Xinrui , Fan Yingqiang , Feng Bingbing , Li Tianhao , Deng Tianran , Cheng Guanggui
Published: September 2024

In recent years, the rapid advancement of self‐powered wearable electronic devices has propelled the research focus toward flexible electrodes for single electrode triboelectric nanogenerators (STENG). However, there is currently a lack of reported methods for large‐scale preparation and high‐efficiency molding of these flexible electrodes. In this study, PBAT‐co‐PEG/NaSCN blends‐based ionic conductive thermoplastic elastomer (ICTE) are successfully prepared by initially conducting melt transesterification, followed by melt blending. The STENG, featuring an ICTE electrode, exhibited a remarkable open‐circuit voltage of 50 V, short‐circuit current of 460 nA and charge transfer of 16 nC. With the aid of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the conduction mechanism of ICTE is elucidated. Due to good fluidity and processing performance, bars of ICTE suitable for mechanical properties test could be conveniently prepared via injection molding, which demonstrates the tensile strength and elongation, 13 MPa and 2500%, respectively. A 4 × 4 cm2 STENG fabricated with ICTE electrode could not only have good energy‐harvesting performance but also could be used in a sensor to sense the motion detection. The ICTE, with its simple and environmentally friendly preparation process and high‐efficiency molding, exhibits a promising prospect in the large‐scale preparation and application of flexible STENG.
Electrochemical Properties of C/SiO2/Graphene Nanoplatelets as High‐Rate Performance Anode Material in Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chuong Yen Kim Nguyen , Nguyen Quynh Nhu , Tran Man Van , Le Phuoc Anh , Le Phung Loan My , Phung Viet Bac T. , Vu Phat Tan
Published: September 2024

Lithium‐ion batteries are vital power sources for modern society, especially mainly powered electronic devices, electric vehicles (EVs), and future stationary energy storage. Battery cost is still challenging for EVs and large‐scale applications that continuously require the development of low‐cost and abundant elements‐based materials for sustainable battery manufacturing. SiO2 derived from rice husks emerges as a promising anode material owing to its advantageous raw source and cost‐effectiveness. However, the material's low electronic conductivity and poor lithium‐ion diffusion rate make it unsuitable for fast‐charging or high‐power applications. To overcome these challenges, graphene nanoplatelets have been introduced as a conducting additive to enhance electronic conductivity and optimize lithium diffusion in the battery. In this research, an ultrasonic method was utilized to create a composite of C/SiO2/graphene using C/SiO2 derived from rice husk and graphene nanoplatelets. The mixture containing 85 wt% of graphene exhibited superior electrochemical performance among the investigated ratios with excellent cycling performance (305 mAh g−1 with capacity retention of 86.18% after 50 cycles at 0.1 A g−1) and an impressive rate capability (69.9 mAh g−1 at a high current of 2.0 A g−1, nearly three times higher than the bare C/SiO2). XPS and GITT analysis confirmed that the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on the C/SiO2/graphene electrode was more stable and conductive due to higher LiF‐Li2CO3 content, which enhanced the lithium diffusion from the graphene's high surface area.
Adsorption characteristics of modified bentonites for purification of anthocyanin from saffron tepal
Authors: Oliaei Torshizi Hasan , Oliaei Samieh
Published: September 2024

In this study, anthocyanin was extracted from saffron tepals utilizing the ultrasound‐assisted extraction method. The adsorbents of raw bentonite (RB), acid activation of bentonite (AA) thermal activation of bentonite (TA), and acid and thermal activation of bentonite (ATA) were employed to separate anthocyanin from solution. The influence of the operating parameters was evaluated. The isotherm study demonstrated that anthocyanin adsorption on adsorbents could be fitted better by the Langmuir equation than the Freundlich equation. A good agreement between the predicted consequences of the pseudo‐second‐order model and empirical data was provided. Thermodynamic parameters indicated that anthocyanin was adsorbed in an exothermic and physical process. Findings presented that the best adsorption performance of anthocyanin related to ATA with 2.25 mg/g adsorption capacity which was more than 1.55, 1.75, 1.88 mg/g for RB, AA, and TA, respectively. It was due mainly to the increased surface area by both thermal and acid activation of raw bentonite.