bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthetic Route to 1,3‐Bis(arylethynyl)isobenzofuran Using Alkoxybenzocyclobutenone as a Reactive Platform.
Authors: Asahina Kenta , Matsuoka Suguru , Nakayama Ryosuke , Hamura Toshiyuki
Published: April 2015

The nucleophilic addition of in situ generated alkynyllithiums to benzocyclobutenone (V) followed by an oxidative ring cleavage affords aldehydes (VIII), which are converted into desired symmetrical and unsymmetrical 1,3‐bis(arylethynyl)isobenzofurans (X) and (XII).
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Diastereoselective Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides with Benzylidenemalononitrile: Assembly of a New Set of Multisubstituted 4,4‐Dicyanopyrrolidine‐2‐carboxylate and Nornicotine Scaffolds.
Authors: Rajkumar Vadla , Babu Srinivasarao Arulananda
Published: April 2015

The stereochemistry of the products which comprise three newly formed stereocenters is unambiguously established by X‐ray structure analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Ethynylation of 2‐(Furan‐2‐yl)‐ and 2‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)pyrroles with Acylbromoacetylenes in the Al2O3 Medium: Relative Reactivity of Heterocycles.
Authors: Sobenina Lyubov' N. , Petrova Ol'ga V. , Tomilin Denis N. , Gotsko Maxim D. , Ushakov Igor' A. , Klyba Lyudmila V. , Mikhaleva Al'bina I. , Trofimov Boris A.
Published: April 2015

Simple grinding of the title substrates with Al2O3 results in highly selective ethynylation of the pyrrole rings.
ChemInform Abstract: TfOH‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 3‐Aryl Isoindolinones via a Tandem Reaction.
Authors: Hu Jiaxing , Qin Hua‐Li , Xu Wengang , Li Junli , Zhang Fanglin , Zheng Hua
Published: April 2015

A series of 3‐aryl isoindolinones (III) and (V) is readily prepared by a Friedel—Crafts reaction of arenes with 2‐formylbenzonitriles and a subsequent ring closure.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of (Carbazolyl)formamidines.
Authors: Meesala Ramu , Arshad Ahmad Saifuddin Mohamad , Mordi Mohd Nizam , Mansor Sharif Mahsufi
Published: April 2015

A simple protocol for the reaction of (carbazolyl)acetamides with DMF to give the corresponding formamides as sufficiently pure materials without any purification is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Polyfunctional Pyrazoles: An Easy Access to α‐Diazoketones from Arylglyoxal Monohydrates and Tosylhydrazine.
Authors: Shu Wen‐Ming , Ma Jun‐Rui , Zheng Kai‐Lu , Sun Hui‐Ying , Wang Mei , Yang Yan , Wu An‐Xin
Published: April 2015

Intermediate formation of α‐diazoketones (II) from glyoxal monohydrates (I) and tosylhydrazine is applied in the one‐pot synthesis of 3‐acylpyrazoles (IV) and (VI) as well as benzo[f]indazolediones (VIII) or chromeno[3,4‐c]pyrazolones (XI).
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Copper Catalyzed C—N Coupling Reaction in Water by Using 2‐Hydroxybenzohydrazides as Ligands.
Authors: Yan Nan‐Nan , Wu Feng‐Tian , Zhang Jie , Wei Qian‐Bing , Liu Ping , Xie Jian‐Wei , Dai Bin
Published: April 2015

2‐Hydroxybenzohydrazides are efficiently applied as ligands in the copper‐catalyzed coupling of aryl iodides and bromides with a variety of N‐heterocycles as well as aniline and benzylamine (X).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Oxazoles from Enamides.
Authors: Panda Niranjan , Mothkuri Raghavender
Published: April 2015

A transition metal‐free protocol for the direct transformation of enamide into 2,5‐disubstituted oxazoles is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions. Part 28. Selective 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions of C‐Aryl‐N‐Phenyl Nitrones to Arylidene Acetones.
Authors: Gosh Anindita , Banerji Avijit , Banerji Julie
Published: April 2015

furnishing 2,3,5‐triarylisoxazole derivatives (III) as a single diastereomer
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Spiropyrrolidinyl‐Benzoisothiazoline Derivatives by 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Benzoisothiazole‐2,2‐dioxide‐3‐ylidenes and Azomethine Ylide.
Authors: Cao Guorui , Long Feifei , Zhao Yingchun , Wang Yu , Huang Longjiang , Teng Dawei
Published: April 2015

The reaction proceeds well and diastereoselectively with Z‐configured 3‐arylidene‐ and simple alkylidene‐substituted benzoisothiazol‐S,S‐dioxides (I) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionalized Chromones via Organocatalysis.
Authors: Wen Sai‐Shuai , Wang Jing , Luo Yi‐Ming , Yang Hua
Published: April 2015

2‐mono‐ and 2,3‐disubstituted chromen‐4‐ones (II) (IV) are prepared from respective diketones (I) and (III) using pyrrolidine and novel N′′‐(4‐dodecylbenzenesulfonyl)proline hydrazide (PHB) as organocatalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fully‐Substituted Pyridines and Dihydropyridines in a Highly Chemoselective Manner Utilizing a Multicomponent Reaction (MCR) Strategy.
Authors: Sarkar Satavisha , Das Deb K. , Khan Abu T.
Published: April 2015

A convenient one‐pot synthesis of fully substituted pyridine [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of Quinoline‐2,5‐diones and Pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridin‐6(7H)‐ones under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Jiang Bo , Liang Yan‐Bo , Kong Li‐Fang , Tu Xing‐Jun , Hao Wen‐Juan , Ye Qin , Tu Shu‐Jiang
Published: April 2015

Title compounds (IV) and (VI), resp., are synthesized using flexible three‐component reactions under microwave irradiation.
ChemInform Abstract: PEG1000‐Based Dicationic Acidic Ionic Liquid Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,4‐Dihydropyridines via the Hantzsch Reaction.
Authors: Ren Yi‐Ming , Shao Juan‐Juan , Wu Zhi‐Chuan , Xu Mao‐Dong
Published: April 2015

The catalyst can be reused nine times with excellent results.
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐Trifluoromethylated Isoquinolines via Radical Trifluoromethylation of Isonitriles
Authors: Zhang Bo , Studer Armido
Published: April 2015

using Togni reagents as CF3‐radical precursor
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Chemoselective Synthesis of Arylated Benzo[h]quinolines.
Authors: Singh Surjeet , Yadav Pratik , Sahu Satya Narayan , Sharone Ashoke , Kumar Brijesh , Ram Vishnu Ji , Pratap Ramendra
Published: April 2015

The reactions are performed under microwave irradiation as well as conventional heating with the latter delivering lower product yields.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot, Three‐Component Synthesis of Novel Pyrroloacridinones via Intramolecular ipso Dearomatization—Intramolecular Aza‐Michael Addition Sequence.
Authors: Rozhkova Yuliya S. , Galata Kristina A. , Gorbunov Alexey A. , Shklyaev Yurii V. , Ezhikova Marina A. , Kodess Mikhail I.
Published: April 2015

An attempted conversion of 2,6‐di‐tert‐butylphenol yields the corresponding pyrroloacridinone in trace amounts only.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild Cu(I)‐Catalyzed Cascade Reaction of Cyclic Diaryliodoniums, Sodium Azide, and Alkynes: Efficient Synthesis of Triazolophenanthridines.
Authors: Liu Zhenquan , Zhu Daqian , Luo Bingling , Zhang Naiyuan , Liu Qi , Hu Yumin , Pi Rongbiao , Huang Peng , Wen Shijun
Published: April 2015

Aryl alkynes containing strongly electron‐withdrawing or strongly electron‐donating substituents provide low yields in comparison to other aryl or alkyl substituted alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of 5H‐1,3,4‐Thiadiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidin‐5‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Dong Hong‐Ru , Gao Zhong‐Lian , Li Rong‐Shan , Hu Yi‐Ming , Dong Heng‐Shan , Xie Zhi‐Xiang
Published: April 2015

The title compounds (III) are obtained by reaction of 2‐aminothiadiazoles with cyanoacetate via a combination of [3+3] cycloaddition, reduction, and deamination reactions using diversity‐oriented catalysis.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Synthesis of Quinazolines from 2‐Aminobenzylamine and Aryl Bromides.
Authors: Chen Jianbin , Natte Kishore , Neumann Helfried , Wu Xiao‐Feng
Published: April 2015

The first carbonylative protocol for the preparation of quinazoline derivatives (IV) (17 examples) is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Synthesis of Boron‐Protected Alkenyl‐ and Alkylborons via Copper‐Catalyzed Formal Hydroboration of Alkynes and Alkenes.
Authors: Yoshida Hiroto , Takemoto Yuki , Takaki Ken
Published: April 2015

A general Cu‐catalyzed method for the direct synthesis of organoboron compounds is developed using the stereoselective hydroboration of unsymmetrically mono‐ or disubstituted diboron compounds having a 1,8‐diaminonaphthalene protecting group.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroboration of Arynes with N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Boranes.
Authors: Taniguchi Tsuyoshi , Curran Dennis P.
Published: April 2015

Addition of NHC‐boranes to intermediate arynes proceeds with remarkable regioisomeric outcomes, especially, the formation of ortho products from arynes bearing electron‐withdrawing groups.
ChemInform Abstract: In situ Generation of Phosphoryl Alkylindiums and Their Synthetic Application to Arylalkyl Phosphonates via Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Kim Sanghyuck , Kim Cheol‐Eui , Seo Boram , Lee Phil Ho
Published: April 2015

Diethyl bromoalkylphosphonates are coupled with a broad variety of aryl iodides via intermediate alkylindium species to give the corresponding arylalkylphosphonates in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Reactions of Phosphines, Diynedioates, and Aryl Aldehydes Generated Furans Appending Reactive Phosphorus Ylides Through Cumulated Trienoates as Key Intermediates: A Phosphine α‐Addition‐δ‐Evolvement of an Anion Pathway.
Authors: Deng Jie‐Cheng , Chuang Shih‐Ching
Published: April 2015

The title synthesis of furans involves an initial novel α(δ′)‐addition of phosphines to diynedioates followed by addition reaction of the resulting trienoates to aldehydes and subsequent 5‐endo‐dig cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Holophyllin A, a Rearranged Abietane‐Type Diterpenoid from the Trunk of Abies holophylla.
Authors: Kim Chung Sub , Shin Bora , Kwon Oh Wook , Kim Sun Yeou , Choi Sang Un , Oh Dong‐Chan , Kim Ki Hyun , Lee Kang Ro
Published: April 2015

Holophyllin A (I) and the new diterpene glycoside homophyllin B (II) are isolated from the trunk of Abies holophylla.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Functionalization of Aromatic C—H Bonds by Electrophilic Trapping of Metal‐Carbene‐Induced Zwitterionic Intermediates.
Authors: Jia Shikun , Xing Dong , Zhang Dan , Hu Wenhao
Published: April 2015

The rhodium‐catalyzed three‐component reaction between N,N‐disubstituted anilines, α‐diazoarylacetic esters and diarylimines in the presence of (R)‐BINOL‐derived phosphoric acid ligand TBP gives compounds with quaternary stereocenters in good yield with high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Amycomycins C and D, New Angucyclines from Kitasatospora sp.
Authors: Broetz Elke , Bilyk Oksana , Kroeger Stephanie , Paululat Thomas , Bechthold Andreas , Luzhetskyy Andriy
Published: April 2015

The isolation of amycomycins C (Ia) and D (Ib) and the preparation of monoglycosylated alizarin (II) as well as the evaluation of all three compounds against gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria is described.
ChemInform Abstract: The Asymmetric Syntheses of Pyrrolizidines, Indolizidines and Quinolizidines via Two Sequential Tandem Ring‐Closure/N‐Debenzylation Processes.
Authors: Davies Stephen G. , Fletcher Ai M. , Foster Emma M. , Houlsby Ian T. T. , Roberts Paul M. , Schofield Thomas M. , Thomson James E.
Published: April 2015

Eight‐step syntheses of (‐)‐lupinine (Ia), (+)‐isoretronecanol (Ib), (+)‐5‐epi‐tashiromine (Ic) and (R,R)‐1‐(hydroxymethyl)octahydroindolizine (Id), which is part of stelletamides A‐C, are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Mirabiquinone (I), a New Unsymmetrical Binaphthoquinone from the Sea Urchin Scaphechinus mirabilis.
Authors: Mishchenko Natalia P. , Vasileva Elena A. , Fedoreyev Sergey A.
Published: April 2015

Compound (I) exhibits high radical scavenging ability.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Revision and Absolute Configuration of Lateritin.
Authors: Ola Antonius R. B. , Aly Amal H. , Lin Wenhan , Wray Victor , Debbab Abdessamad
Published: April 2015

The structure of previously reported lateritin with hitherto unknown absolute configuration is established to be identical with beauvericin (I), a trimeric lactone of lateritin.
ChemInform Abstract: Cytotoxic Bibenzyl Dimers from the Stems of Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook.
Authors: Sheng Jun
Published: April 2015

Seven new bibenzyl dimers of type (I) or (II) and the new dihydrophenanthrene derivative (III) are isolated from the stem of Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Plagiochin G and Derivatives as Potential Cancer Chemopreventive Agents.
Authors: Li Rui‐Juan , Zhao Yu , Tokuda Harukuni , Yang Xiao‐Ming , Wang Yue‐Hu , Shi Qian , Morris‐Natschke Susan L. , Lou Hong‐Xiang , Lee Kuo‐Hsiung
Published: April 2015

The synthesis of plagiochin G (Ia) and four ester derivatives is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Future of Nano‐/Hierarchical Zeolites in Catalysis: Gaseous Phase or Liquid Phase System
Authors: Yan Yueer , Guo Xiao , Zhang Yahong , Tang Yi
Published: April 2015

Review: 122 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal/Solvothermal Crystal Growth: An Old but Adaptable Process
Authors: Demazeau Gerard , Largeteau Alain
Published: April 2015

Review: 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐State Conversion of Single Crystals: The Principle and the State‐of‐the‐Art
Authors: Kang Suk‐Joong L. , Park Ji‐Hoon , Ko Seok‐Young , Lee Ho‐Yong
Published: April 2015

Review: 184 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mixing Acid Salts and Layered Double Hydroxides in Nanoscale under Solid Condition
Authors: Nakayama Hirokazu , Hayashi Aki
Published: April 2015

Review: 18 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Lithiation of a Silyl Ether: Anionic Si→C Alkyl Migration
Authors: Lin Chin‐Yin , Chein Rong‐Jie
Published: April 2015

Review: [10 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Cyclic Guanidine‐Containing Natural Products
Authors: Ma Yuyong , De Saptarshi , Chen Chuo
Published: April 2015

Review: 431 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Zinc Catalysts for Asymmetric Synthesis
Authors: Lowicki Daniel , Bas Sebastian , Mlynarski Jacek
Published: April 2015

Review: [271 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Construction of Heterocycles
Authors: Francke Robert
Published: April 2015

Review: 83 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Propos of Glycosyl Cations and the Mechanism of Chemical Glycosylation; the Current State of the Art
Authors: Bohe Luis , Crich David
Published: April 2015

Review: 104 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Divergent Reaction Mechanisms in the Aminofluorination of Alkenes
Authors: Kong Wangqing , Merino Estibaliz , Nevado Cristina
Published: April 2015

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Avoiding CO2 in Catalysis of Decarboxylation
Authors: Kluger Ronald , Howe Graeme W. , Mundle Scott O. C.
Published: April 2015

Review: 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Anti‐Markovnikov Hydration of α‐Olefins and the Other Pathways to N‐Alcohols
Authors: Temkin O. N.
Published: April 2015

Review: 389 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Applications of Chiral N‐tert‐Butanesulfinyl Imines, Chiral Diene Ligands and Chiral Sulfur‐Olefin Ligands in Asymmetric Synthesis
Authors: Dong Han‐Qing , Xu Ming‐Hua , Feng Chen‐Guo , Sun Xing‐Wen , Lin Guo‐Qiang
Published: April 2015

Review: 104 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Triterpenoids
Authors: Hill Robert A. , Connolly Joseph D.
Published: April 2015

Review: isolation and structure determination of triterpenoids reported in 2012; 347 rfs.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Catalytic Conversion of Bio‐Ethanol to Propene: A Review of Catalysts and Reaction Pathways
Authors: Iwamoto Masakazu
Published: April 2015

Review: 58 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Dioxomolybdenum(VI) Complexes to Organic Synthesis
Authors: Sanz Roberto , Pedroza Maria R.
Published: April 2015

Review: 185 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Free‐Standing Mesoporous Metal Catalysts and Their Applications in Heterogeneous Enantioselective Hydrogenations
Authors: Su Na , Chen Xueying , Yue Bin , He Heyong
Published: April 2015

Review: 64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of New Methods in Modern Selective Organic Synthesis: Preparation of Functionalized Molecules with Atomic Precision
Authors: Ananikov V. P. , Khemchyan L. L. , Ivanova Yu V. , Bukhtiyarov V. I. , Malykhin V. V. , Bukhtiyarova G. A. , Terent'ev A. O. , Krylov I. B.
Published: April 2015

Review: 840 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Time‐Resolved Luminescent Biosensing Based on Inorganic Lanthanide‐Doped Nanoprobes
Authors: Zheng Wei , Tu Datao , Huang Ping , Zhou Shanyong , Chen Zhuo , Chen Xueyuan
Published: April 2015

Review: 244 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Regulation and Metabolic Engineering of Tanshinone Biosynthesis
Authors: Ma Pengda , Liu Jingying , Osbourn Anne , Dong Juane , Liang Zongsuo
Published: April 2015

Review: 86 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Functional Materials from Cellulose‐Derived Liquid‐Crystal Templates
Authors: Giese Michael , Blusch Lina K. , Khan Mostofa K. , MacLachlan Mark J.
Published: April 2015

Review: [materials templated by cellulose nanocrystals, and their use in various optical applications such as optical filters, sensors, and optoelectronics; 131 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Quantum‐Mechanical Calculations on Molecular Substructures Involved in Nanosystems
Authors: Szefler Beata , Diudea Mircea V.
Published: April 2015

Review: 120 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Computational Studies of Atmospherically‐Relevant Chemical Reactions in Water Clusters and on Liquid Water and Ice Surfaces
Authors: Gerber R. Benny , Varner Mychel E. , Hammerich Audrey D. , Riikonen Sampsa , Murdachaew Garold , Shemesh Dorit , Finlayson‐Pitts Barbara J.
Published: April 2015

Review: 53 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Systematic Experimental Charge Density: Linking Structural Modifications to Electron Density Distributions
Authors: Kirby Isabelle L. , Pitak Mateusz B. , Coles Simon J. , Gale Philip A.
Published: April 2015

Review: 77 refs.
A lightweight middleware framework for vehicle networking application
Authors: Jiang Jianchun , Zeng Suhua , Jing Yanmei , Wang Kailong
Published: April 2015

There is a growing need for Vehicle Networking Applications (VNAs) development that does not require users to learn the details of VNA data processing and message transfer. VNAs have some special requirements differing from other general‐purpose applications, such as real‐time performance, extensibility, compatibility, and reusability. To meet with these requirements of the VNAs, we propose a lightweight middleware framework for VNAs in this article. In the middle framework, we design multi‐layer middleware architecture to separate VNAs from the software platform and to improve the adaptability for the heterogeneous network and various vehicle networking communication protocols. Meanwhile, the middleware architecture consists of fixed and exchangeable modules to improve the middleware reusability. And the component bus is presented in a framework to standardize component interfaces to improve the extensibility of middleware. The framework has an efficient and simple structure to guarantee the real‐time performance of data processing and message transferring. This middleware also provides a uniform communication mechanism to be compatible with other existing middleware. In this article, we describe the design ideas and the composition of each module in the middleware framework, and analyze the data flow in communication process. We also develop the middleware prototypes to verify the feasibility of the middleware framework. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Light‐Driven Reversible Alignment Switching of Liquid Crystals Enabled by Azo Thiol Grafted Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Xue Chenming , Xiang Jie , Nemati Hossein , Bisoyi Hari Krishna , Gutierrez‐Cuevas Karla , Wang Ling , Gao Min , Zhou Shuang , Yang Deng‐ke , Lavrentovich Oleg D. , Urbas Augustine , Li Quan
Published: April 2015

Stimuli‐directed alignment control of liquid crystals (LCs) with desired molecular orientation is currently in the limelight for the development of smart functional materials and devices. Here, photoresponsive azo thiol (AzoSH) was grafted onto gold nanoparticles (GNPs). The resulting hybrid GNPs were able to homogeneously mix with a commercially available nematic LC host, as evidenced by Cryo‐TEM. Interestingly, the LC nanocomposites were found to undergo reversible alignment transition upon light irradiation as a consequence of the trans–cis photoisomerization of the azo groups on the GNP surface. LC molecules in either planar or bare glass cells were able to change their alignment to vertical upon UV irradiation, while the vertically aligned LC molecules returned to the planar or random orientation under visible irradiation. Neither the azo thiol molecules nor the unfunctionalized GNPs alone promoted the alignment of the LC molecules in the system upon light irradiation. The photoinduced vertical alignment without applied electric or magnetic field was very stable over time and with respect to temperature. Furthermore, an optically switchable device based on the photostimulated reversible alignment control of LCs was demonstrated.
Deciphering principles of morphogenesis from temporal and spatial patterns on the integument
Authors: Li Ang , Lai Yung‐Chih , Figueroa Seth , Yang Tian , Widelitz Randall B. , Kobielak Krzysztof , Nie Qing , Chuong Cheng Ming
Published: April 2015

Background: How tissue patterns form in development and regeneration is a fundamental issue remaining to be fully understood. The integument often forms repetitive units in space (periodic patterning) and time (cyclic renewal), such as feathers and hairs. Integument patterns are visible and experimentally manipulatable, helping us reveal pattern formative processes. Variability is seen in regional phenotypic specificities and temporal cycling at different physiological stages. Results: Here we show some cellular/molecular bases revealed by analyzing integument patterns. (1) Localized cellular activity (proliferation, rearrangement, apoptosis, differentiation) transforms prototypic organ primordia into specific shapes. Combinatorial positioning of different localized activity zones generates diverse and complex organ forms. (2) Competitive equilibrium between activators and inhibitors regulates stem cells through cyclic quiescence and activation. Conclusions: Dynamic interactions between stem cells and their adjacent niche regulate regenerative behavior, modulated by multi‐layers of macro‐environmental factors (dermis, body hormone status, and external environment). Genomics studies may reveal how positional information of localized cellular activity is stored. In vivo skin imaging and lineage tracing unveils new insights into stem cell plasticity. Principles of self‐assembly obtained from the integumentary organ model can be applied to help restore damaged patterns during regenerative wound healing and for tissue engineering to rebuild tissues. Developmental Dynamics 244:905–920, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pediatric loss of control eating syndrome: Association with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and impulsivity
Authors: Reinblatt Shauna P. , Mahone E. Mark , Tanofsky‐Kraff Marian , Lee‐Winn Angela E. , Yenokyan Gayane , Leoutsakos Jeannie‐Marie S. , Moran Timothy H. , Guarda Angela S. , Riddle Mark A.
Published: April 2015

Objective

Despite data linking Attention‐deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and adult binge eating, there are limited data in children with loss of control (LOC) eating. We examined inhibitory control in children with LOC eating syndrome (LOC‐ES) and its association with ADHD.

Method

79 children (8–14 years) over the fifth weight percentile were recruited, irrespective of LOC eating or ADHD status. The Eating Disorder Examination for Children and the Standard Pediatric Eating Episode Interview assessed LOC‐ES. ADHD diagnosis was determined by the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for children and Conners‐3 (Parent Report) DSM‐IV Scales of Inattention and/or Hyperactivity (T score>65). The Go/No‐Go (GNG) Task and the Behavior Regulation Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) assessed impulse control.

Results

Odds of LOC‐ES were increased 12 times for children with ADHD (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 12.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.11, 51.64, p < 0.001), after adjusting for BMI z scores and relevant covariates. Children had 1.17 times higher odds of reporting LOC‐ES with every 5% increase in GNG Commission Rate (aOR = 1.17, CI = 1.01, 1.36, p < 0.05) and 1.25 times higher odds of reporting LOC‐ES with every 5 unit T‐score increase in BRIEF Inhibit Scale (aOR = 1.25, CI = 1.04, 1.50, p < 0.05).

Discussion

Children with ADHD had significantly greater odds of LOC‐ES compared to children without ADHD. Children with LOC‐ES had significantly greater impulse control deficits on performance‐based neuropsychological assessments and on parent reports than children without LOC‐ES. These findings suggest a need to investigate possible shared mechanisms such as impulse control deficits, among children with LOC‐ES and ADHD. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:580–588)
Identification of ungulates used in a traditional Chinese medicine with DNA barcoding technology
Authors: Chen Jing , Jiang Zhigang , Li Chunlin , Ping Xiaoge , Cui Shaopeng , Tang Songhua , Chu Hongjun , Liu Binwan
Published: April 2015

Horns of Saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica) have always been an ingredient of “Lingyangjiao”, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Persistent hunting for Saiga antelope has already threatened the survival of critical endangered populations in wild. To control the growing pressure, CITES and Chinese government have legislated for monitoring the trade of Saiga horns. However, similar ungulate horns are difficult to identify by their morphological characteristics, which has impeded the law enforcement. Besides Saiga antelope, other seven ungulate species which have similar horns are also sold and marked as “Lingyangjiao” in TCM markets to offset shortage of Saiga antelope horns. Such species are Gazella subgutturosa, Pantholops hodgsonii, Procapra picticaudata, Procapra gutturosa, Procapra przewalskii, Capra hircus, and Ovis aries. Our study aimed at implementing DNA barcoding technology to diagnose Saiga horns and the substitutes. We successfully extracted genomic DNA from horn samples. We recovered COI sequences of 644 bp with specific primers and 349 bp with nested PCR primers designed for degraded horn samples. The mean interspecific genetic distance of data set of the 644‐bp full barcodes and the 349‐bp mini‐barcodes was 14.96% and 15.38%, respectively, and the mean intraspecific distance was 0.24% and 0.20%, respectively. Each species formed independent clades in neighbor‐joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree of the two data sets with >99% supporting values, except P. gutturosa and P. przewalskii. The deep genetic distances gap and clear species clades in NJ tree of either full barcodes or mini‐barcodes suggest that barcoding technology is an effective tool to diagnose Saiga horns and their substitutes. Barcoding diagnosis protocol developed here will simplify diagnosis of “Lingyangjiao” species and will facilitate conservation of endangered ungulates involved in TCM “Lingyangjiao” markets, especially the Saiga antelope.
Condition, not eyespan, predicts contest outcome in female stalk‐eyed flies, Teleopsis dalmanni
Authors: Bath Eleanor , Wigby Stuart , Vincent Claire , Tobias Joseph A. , Seddon Nathalie
Published: April 2015

In contests among males, body condition is often the key determinant of a successful outcome, with fighting ability signaled by so‐called armaments, that is, exaggerated, condition‐dependent traits. However, it is not known whether condition and exaggerated traits function in the same way in females. Here, we manipulated adult condition by varying larval nutrition in the stalk‐eyed fly, Teleopsis dalmanni, a species in which eyespan is exaggerated in both sexes, and we measured the outcome of contests between females of similar or different body condition and relative eyespan. We found that females in higher condition, with both larger bodies and eyespan, won a higher proportion of encounters when competing against rivals of lower condition. However, when females were of equal condition, neither eyespan nor body length had an effect on the outcome of a contest. An analysis of previously published data revealed a similar pattern in males: individuals with large relative eyespan did not win significantly more encounters when competing with individuals of a similar body size. Contrary to expectations, and to previous findings in males, there was no clear effect of differences in body size or eyespan affecting contest duration in females. Taken together, our findings suggest that although eyespan can provide an honest indicator of condition, large eyespans provide no additional benefit to either sex in intrasexual aggressive encounters; body size is instead the most important factor.
Hindrance, Donor Ability of Men∩NN Chelates and Overall Stability of Pentacoordinate [PtCl2(η2‐CH2=CH2)(Men∩NN)] Complexes as Observed by η2‐Olefin 1JPt,C Modulation: An NMR Study
Authors: Benedetti Michele , Antonucci Daniela , Girelli Chiara R. , Fanizzi Francesco P.
Published: April 2015

A series of pentacoordinate d8 PtII complexes, of the type [PtCl2(η2‐CH2=CH2)(Men∩NN)], where Men∩NN = bis‐nitrogen ligand, with a variable number of Me groups (i.e., 2,2′‐bipyridyl; 1,10‐phenanthroline; 6‐methyl‐2,2′‐bipyridyl; 2,9‐dimethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline; 2,9‐dimethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline; N,N′‐trimethyl‐ethylenediamine; N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethyl‐ethylenediamine; N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethyl‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane) was studied. The compounds are characterized by variable steric hindrance, due to the variable number (n) of Me substituents, on or ortho to the N‐donors of aliphatic diamines or aromatic diimines, respectively. This approach was developed to investigate the interaction of substituents with the metal coordination sphere. With this aim, we analyzed the NMR properties of the considered complexes, with respect to modulation of the metal electron density (195Pt NMR signal frequency) by alkyl groups close to the N‐donors. 1H and 13C NMR analysis of the η2‐olefin signals has revealed, for each kind of bis‐nitrogen ligand, a positive or negative chemical shift variation that is proportional to the number of Me groups geminal or vicinal to the N‐donors. Interestingly, the 1JPt,C values increase by approximately 45 Hz for each additional Me on the series of diamine or diimine bis‐nitrogen ligands. A rationale for the stability changes observed in such pentacoordinate complexes is suggested, based on the NMR spectroscopic data analysis.
„Was den studenten aus meinem kram taugt”︁
Authors: Martus Steffen
Published: April 2015

Für Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm war Wissenschaft in Forschung und Lehre eine Lebensform, die auch hochpolitisch sein konnte. Deshalb schlossen sich die Brüder als Professoren 1837 dem Protest der „Göttinger Sieben„ an — und riskierten dafür sogar Entlassung und Verbannung.
Mit Klugheit und Geschick durch stürmische Zeiten
Authors: Finetti Marco
Published: April 2015

Eine beeindruckende Persönlichkeit, ein brillanter Wissenschaftler, ein weitsichtiger DFG‐Präsident: Hubert Markl ist Anfang Januar im Alter von 76 Jahren gestorben
Functional connectivity with distinct neural networks tracks fluctuations in gain/loss framing susceptibility
Authors: Smith David V. , Sip Kamila E. , Delgado Mauricio R.
Published: April 2015

Multiple large‐scale neural networks orchestrate a wide range of cognitive processes. For example, interoceptive processes related to self‐referential thinking have been linked to the default‐mode network (DMN); whereas exteroceptive processes related to cognitive control have been linked to the executive‐control network (ECN). Although the DMN and ECN have been postulated to exert opposing effects on cognition, it remains unclear how connectivity with these spatially overlapping networks contribute to fluctuations in behavior. While previous work has suggested the medial‐prefrontal cortex (MPFC) is involved in behavioral change following feedback, these observations could be linked to interoceptive processes tied to DMN or exteroceptive processes tied to ECN because MPFC is positioned in both networks. To address this problem, we employed independent component analysis combined with dual‐regression functional connectivity analysis. Participants made a series of financial decisions framed as monetary gains or losses. In some sessions, participants received feedback from a peer observing their choices; in other sessions, feedback was not provided. Following feedback, framing susceptibility—indexed as the increase in gambling behavior in loss frames compared to gain frames—was heightened in some participants and diminished in others. We examined whether these individual differences were linked to differences in connectivity by contrasting sessions containing feedback against those that did not contain feedback. We found two key results. As framing susceptibility increased, the MPFC increased connectivity with DMN; in contrast, temporal‐parietal junction decreased connectivity with the ECN. Our results highlight how functional connectivity patterns with distinct neural networks contribute to idiosyncratic behavioral changes. Hum Brain Mapp 36:2743–2755, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Remarkable Differences in Amine Substitution Reactions of Trichloromethyl and Trifluoromethyl Difluorophosphines, CX3PF2(X = F, Cl): A Computational Study
Authors: Nixon John F. , Nyulászi László , Szieberth Dénes
Published: April 2015

Detailed computational studies have been carried out to explain the unexpected differing reactions that occur between dimethylamine and the difluorophosphines, CX3PF2(X = F, Cl). The reaction affords the thermodynamically controlled product chloroform in the case of X = Cl, whereas when X = F the analogous reaction pathway leading to fluoroform is hindered by a substantial reaction barrier in the gas phase, where the reaction should take place due to the volatility of the reactant. While the gas‐phase reaction energy gap is somewhat reduced when X = Cl, due to the stability of the migrating CCl3−moiety, the still substantial barrier does not account for the chloroform formation. Polarizable continuum model (PCM) calculations indicate a reduction of the barrier, facilitating the liquid‐phase reaction. The alternative gas‐phase reaction path, resulting in the aminolysis of a P—F bond is reversible and is shifted toward the product by capturing HF as the dimethylamino salt of the [CF3PF4H]−anion.
Keeping Their Cards Close to Their Chests: How Non‐Delegating CEOs Avoid Forced Career Ends
Authors: Oehmichen Jana , Schult Alexander , Wolff Michael
Published: April 2015

It is a common belief that CEOs must delegate to be successful. We hesitate to support this generalization and investigate how the distribution of responsibility within top management teams (TMTs) can influence the likelihood of a CEO’s dismissal. Consistent with an agency theory perspective, our results indicate that CEOs may choose not to delegate their responsibilities to other executive TMT members, so as to benefit from an increased information asymmetry vis‐à‐vis the board of directors. Taking the resource‐based view as a complementary theoretical perspective, we find that non‐delegating CEOs benefit from their greater firm‐specific knowledge, which the board of directors considers as a valuable resource that should be retained. Our work also demonstrates that a more intense CEO–TMT interaction weakens the relation between non‐delegation and the likelihood of CEO dismissal. In sum, our research shows that the CEO’s delegation decision does not necessarily lead to a competence distribution that is in the firm's best interest; rather, it reflects a complex interplay between the potentially opportunistic career interests of the CEO, the involvement of other TMT members and the board of directors. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hysteresis and scale in catchment storage, flow and transport
Authors: Davies Jessica A. C. , Beven Keith
Published: April 2015

The closure problem of representing hydrological boundary fluxes given the state of the system has been described as the scientific ‘Holy Grail’ of hydrology. This relationship between storage state and flux should be hysteretic and scale dependent because of the differences between velocities and celerities in a hydrological system—effectively velocities are storage controlled, and celerities are controlled by storage deficits. To improve our understanding of the nature of these relationships a new hydrology model is used (the Multiple Interacting Pathways or MIPs model) to explore the influence of catchment scale on storage–flow–transport relationships, and their non‐linearities. The MIPs model has been shown to produce acceptable simulations of both flow and tracer, i.e. of both celerities and velocities, at the Gårdsjön catchment in Sweden. In this study the model is used to simulate scaled versions of the Gårdsjön catchment to allow us for the first time to investigate the influence of scale on the non‐linearities in storage–flow–transport relationships, and help us steer the quest for the scientific hydrological ‘Holy Grail’. The simulations reveal the influence of scale on flow response in the nature of storage–discharge hysteresis and its links with antecedent storage; fractal‐like systematic change of mean output travel times with scale; the effect of scale on input, output and storage residence time distributions; hysteric relations between storage and output travel times and links between storage and water table level hysteresis. © 2015 The Authors. Hydrological Processes published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Forecasting fish biomasses, densities, productions, and bioaccumulation potentials of mid-atlantic wadeable streams
Authors: Barber M Craig , Rashleigh Brenda , Cyterski Michael J
Published: April 2015

Regional fishery conditions of Mid-Atlantic wadeable streams in the eastern United States are estimated using the Bioaccumulation and Aquatic System Simulator (BASS) bioaccumulation and fish community model and data collected by the US Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP). Average annual biomasses and population densities and annual productions are estimated for 352 randomly selected streams. Realized bioaccumulation factors (BAF) and biomagnification factors (BMF), which are dependent on these forecasted biomasses, population densities, and productions, are also estimated by assuming constant water exposures to methylmercury and tetra-, penta-, hexa-, and hepta-chlorinated biphenyls. Using observed biomasses, observed densities, and estimated annual productions of total fish from 3 regions assumed to support healthy fisheries as benchmarks (eastern Tennessee and Catskill Mountain trout streams and Ozark Mountains smallmouth bass streams), 58% of the region's wadeable streams are estimated to be in marginal or poor condition (i.e., not healthy). Using simulated BAFs and EMAP Hg fish concentrations, we also estimate that approximately 24% of the game fish and subsistence fishing species that are found in streams having detectable Hg concentrations would exceed an acceptable human consumption criterion of 0.185 μg/g wet wt. Importantly, such streams have been estimated to represent 78.2% to 84.4% of the Mid-Atlantic's wadeable stream lengths. Our results demonstrate how a dynamic simulation model can support regional assessment and trends analysis for fisheries. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016;12:146–159. Published 2015 SETAC. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States.

Key Points

Our work demonstrates how a simulation model can be integrated with field monitoring data to forecast average annual fish biomasses, population densities, annual productions, and patterns of bioaccumulation for methylmercury and other persistent bioaccumulative toxicants. Our work demonstrates that holistic multidimensional assessments of fishery resources can be performed as an integrated whole. We believe that this work represents a major integration not only of field monitoring and simulation modeling but also of the population, community, and ecotoxicological sciences that will be a significant contribution to both researchers and resource managers.
Dose‐dependent effect of 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose on glycoprotein mannosylation in cancer cells
Authors: Ahadova Aysel , Gebert Johannes , von Knebel Doeberitz Magnus , Kopitz Juergen , Kloor Matthias
Published: April 2015

High glucose consumption due to Warburg effect is one of the metabolic hallmarks of cancer. Consequently, glucose antimetabolites, such as 2‐deoxy‐glucose (2DG), can induce substantial growth inhibition of cancer cells. However, the inhibition of metabolic pathways is not the sole effect of 2DG on cancer cells. As mannose‐mimetic molecule, 2DG is believed to interfere with normal glycosylation of proteins in cells. Here, we address how 2DG influences protein glycosylation in cancer cells and discuss possible implications of the consequences of this influence. In detail, six colorectal cancer cell lines were examined for alterations of protein glycosylation by measuring monosaccharide incorporation into cellular glycoproteins and cell surface glycosylation by lectin FACS. A significant increase in mannose incorporation was observed on treatment with 2DG (1 mM for 48 h), which was also reflected by an increased binding of the mannose‐binding lectin Concanavalin A in FACS analysis. This phenomenon, which could be reversed by external addition of mannose, was not caused by 2DG‐mediated mannosidase inhibition, as shown by pulse‐chase experiments, arguing in favor of the hypothesis that 2DG directly influenced the incorporation of mannose. Increased mannose content was generally observed in cellular glycoproteins, including glycoproteins isolated from the plasma membrane fraction. Our results indicate that 2DG at low doses, which have only a limited metabolism‐related effect on glycosylation, induces a strong increase in mannose incorporation into cellular glycoproteins. On the other hand, higher 2DG concentrations (10 and 20 mM) led to a significant decrease of absolute mannose incorporation accompanied by a dramatically reduced protein synthesis rate. 2DG‐induced alterations of glycosylation may represent a novel mechanism potentially explaining the varied effects of 2DG on cancer cells. Moreover, 2DG treatment may open a path toward novel diagnostic and cancer therapeutic approaches, which specifically target altered glycoantigen structures induced by 2DG. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 67(3):218–226, 2015
Biomechanical and bioactivity concepts of polyetheretherketone composites for use in orthopedic implants—a review
Authors: Abdullah Mohamed Ruslan , Goharian Amirhossein , Abdul Kadir Mohammed Rafiq , Wahit Mat Uzir
Published: April 2015

The use of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) composites in the trauma plating system, total replacement implants, and tissue scaffolds has found great interest among researchers. In recent years (2008 afterward), this type of composites has been examined for suitability as substitute material over stainless steel, titanium alloys, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, or even biodegradable materials in orthopedic implant applications. Biomechanical and bioactivity concepts were contemplated for the development of PEEK orthopedic implants and a few primary clinical studies reported the clinical outcomes of PEEK‐based orthopedic implants. This study aims to review and discuss the recent concepts and contribute further concepts in terms of biomechanical and bioactivity challenges for the development of PEEK and PEEK composites in orthopedic implants. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 3689–3702, 2015.
Heat Stress Induces Extended Plateau of Hsp70 Accumulation – A Possible Cytoprotection Mechanism in Hepatic Cells
Authors: Miova Biljana , Dinevska‐Kjovkarovska Suzana , Esplugues Juan V. , Apostolova Nadezda
Published: April 2015

The relevance of heat preconditioning resides in its ability to protect cells from different kinds of injury by induction of heat shock proteins, a process in which the intensity of heat stress (HS) and duration of subsequent recovery are vital. This study evaluates the effects of moderate HS (45 min/43°C) and the time‐dependent changes during recovery period of HSP70, Bcl‐2 and p53 gene and protein expression in HepG2 cells. We also evaluated the effects of 0.4 mM aspirin (ASA) as a potential pharmacological co‐inducer of HSP, both alone and in a combination with HS (ASA + HS). HS alone and ASA + HS caused a major up‐regulation of HSP70 mRNA in the first 2 h, while HSP70 protein increased gradually and was especially abundant from 2 h to 24 h. Regarding Bcl‐2, all treatments rendered similar results: gene expression was down‐regulated in the first 2 h, after which there was protein elevation (12–48 h after HS). mRNA expression of p53 in HS‐ and (ASA + HS)‐cells was down‐regulated in the first 12 h. The immediate decrease of p53 protein after HS was followed by a biphasic increase. In conclusion, 0.4 mM ASA + HS does not act as a co‐inducer of HSP70 in HepG2 cells, but promotes Bcl‐2 protein expression during prolonged treatment. Our suggestion is that hepatic cells are most vulnerable in the first 2–6 h, but may have a high capacity for combating stress 12–24 h after HS. Finally, short‐term exposure HS might be a “physiological conditioner” for liver cells to accumulate HSP and Bcl‐2 proteins and thus obtain cytoprotection against an additional stress. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 2365–2374, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Meeting report of the 2014 joint international congress of the International Liver Transplantation Society, Liver Intensive Care Group of Europe, and European Liver and Intestinal Association
Authors: Diaz Geraldine , Levitsky Josh , Oniscu Gabriel
Published: April 2015

The 2014 Annual Meeting of the International Liver Transplantation Society was held in London, England. This was the 20th meeting of the Society and was marked by a joint meeting including the European Liver and Intestinal Association as well as the Liver Intensive Care Group of Europe. The meeting included symposia, invited lectures, debates, oral presentations, and posters. The principal themes were living donation, expanding the deceased donor pool, machine preservation, and new oral therapies for hepatitis C virus. This report highlights the scientific discussions of this meeting. Liver Transpl 21:991‐1000, 2015. © 2015 AASLD.
A modified extended finite element method approach for design sensitivity analysis
Authors: Barthold F.‐J. , Materna D.
Published: April 2015

This paper describes a modified extended finite element method (XFEM) approach, which is designed to ease the challenge of an analytical design sensitivity analysis in the framework of structural optimisation. This novel formulation, furthermore labelled YFEM, combines the well‐known XFEM enhancement functions with a local sub‐meshing strategy using standard finite elements. It deviates slightly from the XFEM path only at one significant point but thus allows to use already derived residual vectors as well as stiffness and pseudo load matrices to assemble the desired information on cut elements without tedious and error‐prone re‐work of already performed derivations and implementations. The strategy is applied to sensitivity analysis of interface problems combining areas with different linear elastic material properties. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.