bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dark Matter that Interacts with Baryons: Density Distribution within the Earth and New Constraints on the Interaction Cross-section
Authors: Neufeld David A. , Farrar Glennys R. , McKee Christopher F.
Published: October 2018

For dark matter (DM) particles with masses in the 0.6–6m
p range, we set stringent constraints on the interaction cross-sections for scattering with ordinary baryonic matter. These constraints follow from the recognition that such particles can be captured by—and thermalized within—the Earth, leading to a substantial accumulation and concentration of DM that interact with baryons. Here, we discuss the probability that DM intercepted by the Earth will be captured, the number of DM particles thereby accumulated over Earth’s lifetime, the fraction of such particles retained in the face of evaporation, and the density distribution of such particles within the Earth. In the latter context, we note that a previous treatment of the density distribution of DM, presented by Gould and Raffelt and applied subsequently to DM in the Sun, is inconsistent with considerations of hydrostatic equilibrium. Our analysis provides an estimate of the DM particle density at Earth’s surface, which may exceed 1014 cm−3, and leads to constraints on various scattering cross-sections, which are placed by (1) the lifetime of the relativistic proton beam at the Large Hadron Collider; (2) the orbital decay of spacecraft in low Earth orbit; (3) the vaporization rate of cryogenic liquids in well-insulated storage dewars; and (4) the thermal conductivity of Earth’s crust. For the scattering cross-sections that were invoked recently in Barkana’s original explanation for the anomalously deep 21 cm absorption reported by EDGES, DM particle masses in the 0.6–4m
p range are excluded.
Infrared Variability of Two Dusty White Dwarfs
Authors: Xu 许 Siyi 偲艺 , Su Kate Y. L. , Rogers L. K. , Bonsor Amy , Olofsson Johan , Veras Dimitri , van Lieshout Rik , Dufour Patrick , Green Elizabeth M. , Schlawin Everett , Farihi Jay , Wilson Thomas G. , Wilson David J. , Gänsicke Boris T.
Published: October 2018

The most heavily polluted white dwarfs often show excess infrared radiation from circumstellar dust disks, which are modeled as a result of tidal disruption of extrasolar minor planets. Interaction of dust, gas, and disintegrating objects can all contribute to the dynamical evolution of these dust disks. Here, we report two infrared variable dusty white dwarfs, SDSS J1228+1040 and G29-38. For SDSS J1228+1040, compared to the first measurements in 2007, the IRAC [3.6] and [4.5] fluxes decreased by 20% before 2014 to a level also seen in the recent 2018 observations. For G29-38, the infrared flux of the 10 μm silicate emission feature became 10% stronger between 2004 and 2007, We explore several scenarios that could account for these changes, including tidal disruption events, perturbation from a companion, and runaway accretion. No satisfactory causes are found for the flux drop in SDSS J1228+1040 due to the limited time coverage. Continuous tidal disruption of small planetesimals could increase the mass of small grains and concurrently change the strength of the 10 μm feature of G29-38. Dust disks around white dwarfs are actively evolving and we speculate that there could be different mechanisms responsible for the temporal changes of these disks.
Enhanced Star Formation in Both Disks and Ram-pressure-stripped Tails of GASP Jellyfish Galaxies
Authors: Vulcani Benedetta , Poggianti Bianca M. , Gullieuszik Marco , Moretti Alessia , Tonnesen Stephanie , Jaffé Yara L. , Fritz Jacopo , Fasano Giovanni , Bettoni Daniela
Published: October 2018

Exploiting the data from the GAs Stripping Phenomena in galaxies with MUSE (GASP) program, we compare the integrated star formation rate–mass relation (SFR–M
*) relation of 42 cluster galaxies undergoing ram-pressure stripping (RPS; “stripping galaxies”) to that of 32 field and cluster undisturbed galaxies. Theoretical predictions have so far led to contradictory conclusions about whether or not ram pressure can enhance the star formation (SF) in the gas disks and tails, and until now a statistically significant observed sample of stripping galaxies was lacking. We find that stripping galaxies occupy the upper envelope of the control sample SFR–M
* relation, showing a systematic enhancement of the SFR at any given mass. The star formation enhancement occurs in the disk (0.2 dex), and additional SF takes place in the tails. Our results suggest that strong RPS events can moderately enhance the SF also in the disk prior to gas removal.
Development of seismic protection system for design extension conditions
Authors: Galiev Ilnar I. , Chernyaev Alexey N. , Bibik Stanislav V.
Published: October 2018

Development of seismic protection system for design extension conditions (SPSDEC) is suggested for enhancing safety of operation of NPP located on the territories with unfavorable seismic conditions. The idea of the system consists of the creation of a network of seismic stations arranged at a certain distance from the NPP and equipped with data transmission system. In case of detection by seismic sensors of movements of the ground with magnitude of vibrations exceeding a certain preset value, seismic stations transmit over radio-channel a signal indicating exceedance of the setting before the seismic wave reaches the NPP. This allows initiating transition of the reactor to subcritical operation mode prior to the beginning of destruction of equipment and reactor building. Ensuring reliable protected communication is achieved by simultaneous use of three radio-channels arranged in accordance with TETRA, WiMAx and LTE standards, as well as by the application of appropriate cryptography, authentication and data protection methods for preventing data corruption. Analysis was performed for determining optimal distance between seismic stations and the NPP and optimal number of these stations was determined for the following two options of arrangement of seismic stations: radial arrangement surrounding the NPP and arrangement along the direction towards the place with the highest probability of earthquake incipience. Layout was suggested of multilevel majoritarian data processing for excluding false triggering of the system. Conclusions were formulated on the enhancement of safety of NPP operation and significant reduction of probability of emergency situations due to the generation of anticipatory signals to reactor shutdown systems in case of earthquakes with intensity exceeding maximum design earthquake.
About chemical form and binding energy of 14C in irradiated graphite of uranium-graphite nuclear reactors
Authors: Bespala Evgeny V. , Pavliuk Alexander O. , Zagumennov Vladimir S. , Kotlyarevskiy Sergey G.
Published: October 2018

Issues associated with handling irradiated graphite of uranium-graphite nuclear reactors are examined. It is demonstrated that selection of approaches, methods and means for handling irradiated graphite are determined by the form of occurrence and binding energy of long-lived 14C radionuclide with graphite crystalline lattice. The purpose of the present study is the determination of possible chemical compounds in which 14C can be found and assessment of fastness of its binding in the structure of irradiated graphite. Indigent and foreign experience of handling graphite radioactive wastes was analyzed, calculations and measurements were performed. Information was provided on the channels of accumulation of 14C in the structure of reactor graphite and it was demonstrated that the largest quantities of the radionuclide in question are generated according to the reaction 14N(n, p)14C. Here, most part of radioactive carbon is generated on 14N nuclei found in the form of impurities in non-irradiated graphite and in the composition of gas used for purging nuclear reactor in the process of operation. 14C radionuclide generated according to 14N(n, p)14C nuclear reaction is localized in the near subsurface graphite layer (in the near subsurface layer of pores) at the depth of not more than 50 nm. Analysis was performed of possible chemical compounds which may incorporate radioactive carbon. It was established that the form of occurrence is determined by the operational properties of specific graphite element in the reactor core. 14C binding energy in the structure of irradiated graphite was evaluated and depth of its penetration in the structure was calculated. It was established that selective extraction of this radionuclide is possible only under elevated temperatures in weakly oxidizing environment which is explained by the binding energy reaching up to 800 kJ/mole in the process of chemical sorption of 14C on the surface of graphite and depth of its occurrence equal to ~ 70 nm in the course of ion implantation. It was demonstrated that radioactive carbon generated according to 13C(n, γ)14C nuclear reaction is uniformly distributed among graphite elements and possesses binding energy ~477 kJ/mole. Its selective extraction is possible only under the condition of destruction of graphite crystalline lattice and organization of the process of isotopic separation. The obtained results allow recommending the most efficient methods of handling irradiated graphite during decommissioning uranium-graphite reactors.
Flow Analysis of Multiple Injectors in High-Power-Density HSDI CR Diesel Engines
Authors: Piancastelli Luca , Pezzuti Eugenio , Cassani Stefano
Published: October 2018

The primary task in DI (Direct Injection) diesel engines design is the fulfilment of the required emission limits. This result should be achieved with acceptable power-to-rpm diagrams, acceptable fuel consumption, acceptable power density and affordable purchase and maintenance expenses. The most common approach to fulfil these requirements is the downsizing. In this case a significant increase in the crankshaft speed and boost pressure is unavoidable. In this way, an improvement in airflow through the redesign of the intake and exhaust geometry is obtained. Unfortunately, duct design is extremely difficult due to “Mach lock”. A further important boundary condition is due the injector inertia. The dynamic response improves with small injectors due to the Newton’s second law. Small injectors designed for unitary power of 15 to 70 HP are extremely common. Therefore, most of the research is centered on these injectors. Furthermore, their small inertia favors better opening and closing time. Nozzles number and position is also greatly influential on combustion performance. The larger surface of the spray reduces the gasification time of the droplets. For these reasons, multiple injectors systems may be used in large high pressure HSDI-CR (High Speed Direct Injection – Common Rail) diesels. Multi injection was commonplace in relatively large old diesels. This paper proposes new intake duct geometries for modern two-injectors-per-cylinder truck-size engines. For this purpose a new promising, patented concept is introduced. The study includes flow simulations during the intake phase. This patented geometry induces the presence of two extremely strong swirls approximately centered to the injectors, with excellent swirl coefficient and high flow rate. The use of swirl generators on the manifolds avoids the necessity to design helical intake ducts. This patented approach simplifies head design. Moreover, using a VG (Variable Geometry) arrangement for the volutes (swirl generators) it is possible to tune the swirl index at the optimum for every crankshaft velocity and every load. In this way, the vehicle fuel consumption is also reduced.
MHD Three Dimensional Flow of Casson Fluid over an Unsteady Exponentially Stretching Sheet with Slip Conditions
Authors: Murthy M. Krishna
Published: October 2018

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) three dimensional boundary layer flow of Casson fluid over an unsteady exponentially stretching sheet with slip conditions is studied. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations and are solved numerically using shooting technique. The effects of pertinent parameters on velocity and temperature distributions are shown in graphically. The skin friction coefficient and the Nusselt number are computed numerically. We noticed that Casson parameter increases then the velocities and temperature decrease.
Myoferlin-Mediated Lysosomal Exocytosis Regulates Cytotoxicity by Phagocytes
Authors: Miyatake Yuji , Yamano Tomoyoshi , Hanayama Rikinari
Published: October 2018

During inflammation, phagocytes release digestive enzymes from lysosomes to degrade harmful cells such as pathogens and tumor cells. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating this process are poorly understood. In this study, we identified myoferlin as a critical regulator of lysosomal exocytosis by mouse phagocytes. Myoferlin is a type II transmembrane protein with seven C2 domains in the cytoplasmic region. It localizes to lysosomes and mediates their fusion with the plasma membrane upon calcium stimulation. Myoferlin promotes the release of lysosomal contents, including hydrolytic enzymes, which increase cytotoxicity. These data demonstrate myoferlin’s critical role in lysosomal exocytosis by phagocytes, providing novel insights into the mechanisms of inflammation-related cellular injuries.
Die kerkregtelike posisie van die prokurasie-kommissie in die Nederduitse hervormde of gereformeerde kerk
Authors: Botha S.J.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Kategese in die week
Authors: Botha H.N.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Kategese as ouerplig en amptelike kerkwerk
Authors: De Wet J.I.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Kerk en volk
Authors: Pont A.D.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Die kerk en die staatkundig-kulturele vlak van die volks-lewe
Authors: Oberholzer J.P.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Xenotransfusion with packed bovine red blood cells to a wildebeest calf (Connochaetes taurinus)
Authors: Buck Roxanne K. , Stegmann George F. , Poore Luke A. , Shaik Tahiyya , Gray Travis , Zeiler Gareth E.
Published: October 2018

A 4-month-old female blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) was presented for bilateral pelvic limb fracture repair. Clinical examination under anaesthesia revealed a water-hammer pulse and a haematocrit of 0.13. A xenotransfusion was performed using bovine (Bos taurus) erythrocytes because of inability to acquire a wildebeest donor. Clinical parameters improved following transfusion and the post-operative haematocrit value was 0.31. The wildebeest remained physiologically stable with a gradually declining haematocrit for the next three days. On the third post-operative day, the wildebeest refractured its femur and was humanely euthanised because of the poor prognosis for further fracture repair. Xenotransfusion using blood from domestic ruminants represents a life-saving short-term emergency treatment of anaemic hypoxia in wild ungulates. Domestic goats could be used as blood donors for rare ungulates where allodonors are not available.
Clinical Spectrum of Central Nervous System Tuberculosis and the Efficacy of Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program in its Management
Authors: Maheswari E. Uma , Bhoopathy R. M. , Bhanu K. , Anandan Heber
Published: October 2018

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global problem and poses a threat which is of considerable magnitude, with an estimated one-third of the population infected with TB bacillus. Aim: The aim of this study is to study the treatment outcomes in patients with various forms of neurological TB treated with the standardized Revised National TB Control Program (RNTCP), directly observed treatment short-course (DOTS). Materials and Methods: Patients diagnosed to have TBM, tuberculoma with or without spinal arachnoiditis (central nervous system tuberculosis-TB [CNS-TB]) were categorized as per the RNTCP guidelines and received DOTS Category I or Category II thrice-weekly intermittent treatment as deemed appropriate. Results: The outcome of management with the standard RNTCP DOTS regimen was that a success rate (treatment completed) of 75%, the default rate of 6.6%, and a mortality of 3.3%. The target fixed by the RNTCP is to achieve a cure rate of 85%. We were able to document successful completion of treatment in 75% which is close to the target fixed by RNTCP. The default rate is 6.6% which quite negligible when compared to the unsupervised therapy which has a default rate of 50%. Conclusion: The most important factor in predicting the outcome of treatment in CNS-TB is early diagnosis and the timing of initiation of antituberculous treatment. Early initiation of treatment is associated with better treatment outcomes.
On the Pointwise Bishop–Phelps–Bollobás Property for Operators
Authors: Dantas Sheldon , Kadets Vladimir , Kim Sun Kwang , Lee Han Ju , Martín Miguel
Published: October 2018

We study approximation of operators between Banach spaces $X$ and $Y$ that nearly attain their norms in a given point by operators that attain their norms at the same point. When such approximations exist, we say that the pair $(X,Y)$ has the pointwise Bishop–Phelps–Bollobás property (pointwise BPB property for short). In this paper we mostly concentrate on those $X$, called universal pointwise BPB domain spaces, such that $(X,Y)$ possesses pointwise BPB property for every $Y$, and on those $Y$, called universal pointwise BPB range spaces, such that $(X,Y)$ enjoys pointwise BPB property for every uniformly smooth $X$. We show that every universal pointwise BPB domain space is uniformly convex and that $L_{p}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D707})$ spaces fail to have this property when $p>2$. No universal pointwise BPB range space can be simultaneously uniformly convex and uniformly smooth unless its dimension is one. We also discuss a version of the pointwise BPB property for compact operators.
A study of the dynamical characteristics of inertia–gravity waves in the Antarctic mesosphere combining the PANSY radar and a non-hydrostatic general circulation model
Authors: Shibuya Ryosuke , Sato Kaoru
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The first long-term simulation using the high-top non-hydrostatic general circulation model (NICAM) was executed to analyze mesospheric gravity waves in the period from April to August in 2016. Successive runs lasting 7 days are performed using initial conditions from the MERRA reanalysis data with an overlap of 2 days between consecutive runs. The data for the analyses were compiled from the last 5 days of each run. The simulated wind fields were closely compared to the MERRA reanalysis data and to the observational data collected by a complete PANSY (Program of the Antarctic Syowa MST/IS Radar) radar system installed at Syowa Station (39.6° E 69.0° S). It is shown that the NICAM mesospheric wind fields are realistic, even though the amplitudes of the wind disturbances appear to be larger than the radar observations. The power spectrum of the meridional wind fluctuations at a height of 70 km has an isolated and broad peak at frequencies slightly lower than the inertial frequency, f, for latitudes from 30° S to 75° S, while another isolated peak is observed at frequencies of approximately 2π/8 h at latitudes from 78° S to 90° S. The spectrum of the vertical fluxes of the zonal momentum also has an isolated peak at frequencies slightly lower than f at latitudes from 30° S to 75° S at a height of 70 km. It is shown that these isolated peaks are primarily composed of gravity waves with horizontal wavelengths of more than 1000 km. The latitude–height structure of the momentum fluxes indicates that the isolated peaks at frequencies slightly lower than f originate from two branches of gravity wave propagation paths. It is thought that one branch originates from 75° S due to topographic gravity waves generated over the Antarctic Peninsula and its coast, while more than 80 % of the other branch originates from 45° S and includes contributions by non-orographic gravity waves. The existence of isolated peaks in the high-latitude region in the mesosphere is likely explained by the poleward propagation of quasi-inertia–gravity waves and by the accumulation of wave energies near the inertial frequency at each latitude.
Are mean vertical velocities from PMSE a good representation of mean vertical winds?
Authors: Gudadze Nikoloz , Stober Gunter , Chau Jorge L.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Mean vertical velocity measurements obtained from Radars at polar latitudes using Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes (PMSE) as an inert tracer have been considered as non-representative of the mean vertical winds over the last couple of decades. PMSEs observed with the Middle Atmosphere Alomar Radar System (MAARSY) over Andøya, Norway (69.30° N, 16.04° E) during summers of 2016 and 2017 are used to derive mean vertical winds in the upper mesosphere. The 3D vector wind components (zonal, meridional and vertical) are based on a Doppler beam swinging experiment using 5-beam directions (one vertical and four obliques). The 3D wind components are computed using a recently developed wind retrieval technique. The method includes full non-linear error-propagation, spatial and temporal regularization as well as beam pointing corrections and angular pointing uncertainties. Measurement uncertainties are used as weights to obtain seasonal weighted averages and characterize seasonal mean vertical velocity. Weighted average values of vertical velocities reveal a weak upward behaviour at altitudes 84–87 km after eliminating the influence of ice falling speed. At the same time, a sharp decrease/increase in the mean vertical velocities at the lower/upper edges of the summer mean altitude profile prevails, which are attributed to the sampling issues of PMSE due to disappearing of the target corresponding to the certain regions of motions and temperatures. Thus the mean vertical velocities can be biased with decrease up-/down-ward velocity measurements at lower/upper edges, while at the main central region the obtained mean vertical velocities are consistent with expected values of mean vertical winds after considering ice particle sedimentation.
Tropospheric water vapor profiles obtained with FTIR: comparison with balloon-borne frost point hygrometers and influence on trace gas retrievals
Authors: Ortega Ivan , Buchholz Rebecca , Hall Emrys , Hurst Dale , Jordan Allen , Hannigan James W.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Retrievals of vertical profiles of key atmospheric gases provide a critical long-term data record from ground-based Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) solar absorption measurements. However, the characterization of the retrieved vertical profile structure can be difficult to validate, especially for gases with large vertical gradients and spatial-temporal variability such as water vapor. In this work, we evaluate the accuracy of the most common water vapor isotope (H216O, hereafter WV) FTIR retrievals in the lower and upper troposphere – lower stratosphere. Coincident high-quality vertically resolved WV profile measurements obtained from 2010 to 2016 with balloon-borne NOAA Frost Point Hygrometers (FPH) are used as reference to evaluate the performance of the retrieved profiles at two sites: Boulder, Colorado and in the mountain top observatory of Mauna Loa, Hawaii. For a meaningful comparison, the spatial-temporal variability has been investigated. Additionally, we evaluate the quantitative impact of different a priori profiles in the retrieval of WV vertical profiles using un-smoothed comparisons. An orthogonal linear regression analysis shows the best correlation among all layers using ERA-Interim (ERA-I) a priori profiles. In Boulder, we found a negative bias of 0.02 ± 1.9 % and precision of 3.7 % (r = 0.95) for the 1.5–3 km layer. A larger negative bias of 11.1 ± 3.5 % and precision of 7.0 % was found in the lower free troposphere layer of 3–5 km (r = 0.97) attributed to rapid vertical change of WV, which is not always captured by the retrievals. The bias improves in the 5–7.5 km layer (1.0 ± 5.3 %) and the precision worsens to about 10 %. The bias remains at about 13 % and the precision remains to about 10 % for layers above 7.5 km but below 13.5 km. At MLO the spatial mismatch is significantly larger due to the launch of the sonde being farther from the FTIR location. Nevertheless, we estimate a negative biases of 5.9 ± 4.6 % for the 3.5–5.5 km layer (r = 0.93) and 9.9 ± 3.7 % for the 5.5–7.5 km layer (r = 0.93), and positive biases of 6.2 ± 3.6 % for the 7.5–10 km layer (r = 0.95), and 12.6 % and greater values above 10 km. The agreement for the first layer is significantly better at BLD likely that the air masses are similar for both FTIR and FPH. Furthermore, for the first time we study the influence of different sources of WV profiles in the retrieval of selected gas profiles. Using NDACC standard retrievals we present results for hydrogen cyanide (HCN), carbon monoxide (CO), and ethane (C2H6) by taking NOAA FPH profiles as the ground-truth and evaluate the impact of other WV profile sources. We show that the effect is minor for C2H6 (bias
The Disdrometer Verification Network (DiVeN): a UK network of laser precipitation instruments
Authors: Pickering Ben S. , Neely III Ryan R. , Harrison Dawn
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Starting in February 2017, a network of 14 Thies Laser Precipitation Monitors (LPMs) were installed at various locations around the United Kingdom to create the Disdrometer Verification Network (DiVeN). The instruments were installed for verification of radar hydrometeor classification algorithms but are valuable for much wider use in the scientific and operational meteorological community. Every Thies LPM is able to designate each observed hydrometeor into one of 20 diameter bins from ≥ 0.125 mm to > 8 mm, and one of 22 speed bins from > 0.0 m s−1 to > 20.0 m s−1. Using empirically-derived relationships, the instrument classifies precipitation into one of 11 possible hydrometeor classes in the form of a present weather code, with an associated indicator of uncertainty. To provide immediate feedback to data users, the observations are plotted in near real time (NRT) and made publicly available on a website within 7 minutes. Here we describe the Disdrometer Verification Network and subjectively discuss the skill of the Thies LPM for hydrometeor type identification using specific cases from the first year of observations. Cases presented here suggest that the Thies LPM performs well at identifying transitions between rain and snow, but struggles with detection of graupel and pristine ice crystals (which occur infrequently in the United Kingdom) inherently, due to internal processing. The present weather code quality index is shown to have some skill without the supplementary sensors recommended by the manufacturer. Overall the Thies LPM is a useful tool for detecting hydrometeor type at the surface and DiVeN provides a novel dataset not previously observed for the United Kingdom.
Characteristics of the electrojet during intense magnetic disturbances
Authors: Gromova Liudmila I. , Förster Matthias , Feldstein Yakov I. , Ritter Patricia
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Hall current variations in different time sectors during six magnetic storms
from the summer seasons in 2003 and 2005 (Ritter, 2018) are examined, namely three storms in the
day–night meridional sector and three storms in the dawn–dusk sector. The
sequence of the phenomena, their structure and positions, and the strength of the
polar (PE) and the auroral (AE) Hall electrojets were investigated using
scalar magnetic field measurements obtained from the CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) satellite in
accordance with the study of Ritter et al. (2004a). We analyzed the correlations of
the PE and AE as well as the obtained regression relations of the magnetic
latitude MLat and the electrojet current intensity I with auroral and ring
current activity, the interplanetary magnetic field, and the Newell et al. (2007)
coupling function for the state of the solar wind. The following typical
characteristics of the electrojets were revealed: The PE appears in the daytime sector at MLat ∼80∘–73∘, with a westward
or an eastward direction depending on the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) By component (By < 0 nT or By > 0 nT).
Changes in the current flow direction in the PE can occur repeatedly during the
storm, but only due to changes in the IMF By orientation.
The PE increases with the intensity of the IMF By component from
I∼0.4 A m−1
for By∼0 nT up to I∼1.0 A m−1 for By∼23 nT.
The MLat position of the PE does not depend on the direction and intensity
of the By component. There is no connection between MLat and I in the PE and the symmetric part
of the magnetospheric ring current (index SymH).
There is a correlation between I in the PE and the AsyH index, but only a very weak
interconnection of this index with the MLat of the PE. Substorms occurring before the storm's main phase are accompanied
by the appearance of an eastward electrojet (EE) at MLat ∼64∘ as well as that of a westward electrojet (WE).
In the nighttime sector, a WE appears at MLat ∼64∘.
During the main phase both electrojets persist.
The daytime EE and the nighttime WE shift toward sub-auroral latitudes of
MLat ∼56∘ and grow in intensity up to I∼1.5 A m−1.
The WE is then located about 6∘ closer to the pole than the EE during
evening hours and about 2∘–3∘ closer during daytime hours.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Climate of the Past 2000 Years:
Global and Regional Syntheses
Authors: Turney Chris S. M. , McGregor Helen V. , Francus Pierre , Abram Nerilie , Evans Michael N. , Goosse Hugues , von Gunten Lucien , Kaufman Darrell , Linderholm Hans , Loutre Marie-France , Neukom Raphael
Published: October 2018

Abstract. This PAGES (Past Global Changes) 2k (Climate of the past 2000 years Working Group) Special Issue of Climate of the Past brings together the latest understanding of regional change and impacts from PAGES 2k groups across a range of proxies and regions. The Special Issue has emerged from a need to determine the magnitude and rate of change of regional and global climate beyond the timescales accessible within the observational record. This knowledge also plays an important role in attribution studies and is fundamental to understanding the mechanisms and environmental and societal impacts of recent climate change. The scientific studies in the Special Issue reflect the urgent need to better understand regional differences from a truly global view around the PAGES themes of: Climate Variability, Modes and Mechanisms, Methods and Uncertainties and Proxy and Model Understanding.
Short communication: Increasing vertical attenuation length of cosmogenic nuclide production on steep slopes negates topographic shielding corrections for catchment erosion rates
Authors: DiBiase Roman A.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Interpreting catchment-mean erosion rates from in situ
produced cosmogenic 10Be concentrations in stream sediments requires
calculating the catchment-mean 10Be surface production rate and
effective mass attenuation length, both of which can vary locally due to
topographic shielding and slope effects. The most common method for
calculating topographic shielding accounts only for the reduction of nuclide
production rates due to shielding at the surface, leading to catchment-mean
corrections of up to 20 % in steep landscapes, and makes the simplifying
assumption that the effective mass attenuation length for a given nuclide
production mechanism is spatially uniform. Here I evaluate the validity of
this assumption using a simplified catchment geometry with mean slopes
ranging from 0 to 80∘ to calculate the spatial
variation in surface skyline shielding, effective mass attenuation length,
and the total effective shielding factor, defined as the ratio of the
shielded surface nuclide concentration to that of an unshielded horizontal
surface. For flat catchments (i.e., uniform elevation of bounding
ridgelines), the effect of increasing vertical attenuation length as a
function of hillslope angle and skyline shielding exactly offsets the effect
of decreasing surface production rate, indicating that no topographic
shielding correction is needed when calculating catchment-mean vertical
erosion rates. For dipping catchments (as characterized by a plane fit to
the bounding ridgelines), the catchment-mean surface nuclide concentrations
are also equal to that of an unshielded horizontal surface, except for cases
of extremely steep range-front catchments, where the surface nuclide
concentrations are counterintuitively higher than the unshielded case due to
added production from oblique cosmic ray paths at depth. These results
indicate that in most cases topographic shielding corrections are
inappropriate for calculating catchment-mean erosion rates, and are only needed
for steep catchments with nonuniform distributions of quartz and/or erosion
rate. By only accounting for shielding of surface production, existing
shielding approaches introduce a slope-dependent systematic error that could
lead to spurious interpretations of relationships between topography and
erosion rate.
Hydrological modelling and future runoff of the Damma Glacier CZO watershed using SWAT. Validation of the model in the greater area of the Göscheneralpsee, Switzerland
Authors: Andrianaki Maria , Shrestha Juna , Kobierska Florian , Nikolaidis Nikolaos P. , Bernasconi Stefano M.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. In this study, we investigated the application of the Soil Water and Assessment Tool (SWAT) for the simulation of runoff in the partly glacierised watershed of the Damma glacier Critical Zone Observatory (CZO), Switzerland. The model was calibrated using daily time steps for the period of 2009–2011, while two different approaches were used for its validation. Initially the model was validated using daily data for the years 2012–2013. Subsequently, the calibrated version of the model was applied on the greater area that drains to the hydropower reservoir of the Göscheneralpsee and includes the Damma glacier watershed, using inflow data. This validation approach can help in assessing model uncertainty under changing land use and climate forcing. Model performance was evaluated both visually and statistically and it was found that even though SWAT has rarely been used in high alpine and glacierised areas and despite the complexity of simulating the extreme conditions of Damma glacier watershed; its performance was very satisfactory. Our novel validation approach proved to be successful since the performance of the model was similarly good when applied for the greater catchment feeding Göscheneralpsee. Finally, we investigated the response of the two regions, Damma glacier and its greater area, to climate change using SWAT and results were compared to a previous study using the models PREVAH and ALPINE 3D. It confirmed that SWAT can predict changes in future runoff and peak flow in alpine areas with the same accuracy as more demanding models such as ALPINE 3D and PREVAH. This study demonstrates the applicability of SWAT in high elevation, snow and glacier dominated watersheds and in quantifying the effects of climate change on water resources.
Advanced computational fluid dynamics (CFD)–multi-body simulation (MBS) coupling to assess low-frequency emissions from wind turbines
Authors: Klein Levin , Gude Jonas , Wenz Florian , Lutz Thorsten , Krämer Ewald
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The low-frequency emissions from a generic 5 MW wind turbine are investigated numerically. In order to regard airborne noise and structure-borne noise simultaneously, a process chain is developed. It considers fluid–structure coupling (FSC) of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver and a multi-body simulations (MBSs) solver as well as a Ffowcs-Williams–Hawkings (FW-H) acoustic solver. The approach is applied to a generic 5 MW turbine to get more insight into the sources and mechanisms of low-frequency emissions from wind turbines. For this purpose simulations with increasing complexity in terms of considered components in the CFD model, degrees of freedom in the structural model and inflow in the CFD model are conducted. Consistent with the literature, it is found that aeroacoustic low-frequency emission is dominated by the blade-passing frequency harmonics. In the spectra of the tower base loads, which excite seismic emission, the structural eigenfrequencies become more prominent with increasing complexity of the model. The main source of low-frequency aeroacoustic emissions is the blade–tower interaction, and the contribution of the tower as an acoustic emitter is stronger than the contribution of the rotor. Aerodynamic tower loads also significantly contribute to the external excitation acting on the structure of the wind turbine.
Quantum Attacks on Bitcoin, and How to Protect Against Them
Authors: Aggarwal Divesh , Brennen Gavin , Lee Troy , Santha Miklos , Tomamichel Marco
Published: October 2018

The key cryptographic protocols used to secure the internet and financial transactions of today are all susceptible to attack by the development of a sufficiently large quantum computer. One particular area at risk is cryptocurrencies, a market currently worth over 100 billion USD. We investigate the risk posed to Bitcoin, and other cryptocurrencies, by attacks using quantum computers. We find that the proof-of-work used by Bitcoin is relatively resistant to substantial speedup by quantum computers in the next 10 years, mainly because specialized ASIC miners are extremely fast compared to the estimated clock speed of near-term quantum computers. On the other hand, the elliptic curve signature scheme used by Bitcoin is much more at risk, and could be completely broken by a quantum computer as early as 2027, by the most optimistic estimates. We analyze an alternative proof-of-work called Momentum, based on finding collisions in a hash function, that is even more resistant to speedup by a quantum computer. We also review the available post-quantum signature schemes to see which one would best meet the security and efficiency requirements of blockchain applications.
Gezag van wethouders in deze tijd
Authors: Rensen Jocko
Published: October 2018

Authority of today’s aldermen

Today’s aldermen work in several different environments. They should reckon with society but also with local council, the municipal organisation, the mayor and fellow aldermen. The tasks are very clear, but how an alderman completes these tasks is very personal. For alderman Rensen his authority starts with trust. Personal and sincere relationships are the key for Rensen. His goal is to connect society to local politics and reduce the gap between the two. It is of great importance to be aware of your position and authority as an alderman. By means of this essay, he would like to give you a glimpse into his world as a social-demoratic alderman and the way in which he applies his core values in his daily work.
PLANT REGENERATION FROM CALLUS CULTURES DERIVED FROM MATURE ZYGOTIC EMBRYOS OF SOPHORA ALOPECUROIDES LINN. IN MONGOLIA
Authors: M Tsolmon , B Ganbat , Yu Oyunbileg
Published: October 2018

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of hormones and selection of the most effective medium using callus cultures derived from mature zygotic embryos of Sophora alopecuroides Linn. for plant regeneration. After 8 weeks of culture, the highest callus induction medium (93.3%) was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mglL Zeatin and 2.0 mg/L α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The best callus proliferation was observed on the same medium. Shoots regenerated at the highest frequency of 50.0% with 5.8 shoots when calli were cultured on MS medium with 2.0 mg/L BA. Therefore, this protocol provides a basis for future studies on genetic improvement and could be applied to large-scale multiplication systems for commercial nurseries of S.alopecuroides L.
Entrepreneurial Mindset and Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State-Nigeria
Authors: Asenge Emmanuel Lubem , Diaka Hembadoon Sarah , Soom Alexander Terna
Published: October 2018

Many studies indicates that entrepreneurial mindset is a critical factor in the accumulation, evaluation and selection of the knowledge which can lead an individual into potential business opportunities thereby enhancing entrepreneurial outcomes such as firm performance. This study examined the effect of entrepreneurial mindset on the performance of small and medium scale enterprises in Benue State. The focus of the research was to measure the entrepreneurs’ mindset exhibited through innovativeness, creativity, business alertness and risk taking and how these attributes contributed to the performance of SMEs. The research focused on a population of 650 small and medium scale enterprises based in Makurdi metropolis. A questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 250 SMEs in Makurdi metropolis which were selected through stratified random sampling method. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Correlation and multiple regression analysis were employed to analyse the data and test the hypotheses. The study revealed that innovativeness, creativity, business alertness and risk taking were significant in affecting performance of SMEs. The study concluded that entrepreneurial mindset or lack of it has a major effect on SMEs performance and if any economy is bended towards development and growth, it would have to embrace this concept. It recommended that all the policy makers and all stake holders should re-strategize and create forums that can promote entrepreneurial mindset among the existing and potential entrepreneurs.
Strategic Leadership: Top Executives and their Effects on Organizations - A Critical Review of Finkelstein and Hambrick
Authors: Ribeiro Lucas Daniel Ramos , Fernandes Aleixo , Perpétuo Flávio De Carvalho , Dos Santos Luiz Silva , Storopoli José Eduardo
Published: October 2018

Objective of the study:  The objective in this work was to carry out a critical review by the authors on the work of Filkelstein and Hambrick entitled Strategic Leadership: Top Executives and Their Effects on Organizations. Methodology / approach: The method in this paper was an interpretive analysis. We sought to relate the elements of the original text with other academic texts and to exercise a critical attitude towards the positions and definitions of Finkelstein and Hambrick. Originality / Relevance: The high-level study has been presented as an important source of knowledge for the understanding of the strategic decisions adopted by the organizations, and Finkelstein and Hambrick compile in this book the main research on the subject. Main results: The main results were the consistency, validity of the arguments, critical originality, and depth of analysis of the theme tying with other related scientific papers. Theoretical / methodological contributions: We intend to contribute to researchers on the topics of strategic leadership and higher echelon to delve into their respective themes in order to seek to develop related research on such topics with the weights and critiques of the strengths and weaknesses of the book of origin of this work. At the end of the paper we present some suggestions that may add to the discussion of the high level psychological and methodological theory dimensions.
Quais os Sinais de Carne Macia e Saborosa? Análise dos Atributos da Carne Bovina que, no Momento da Compra, Melhor Sinalizam os Benefícios mais Desejados pelo Consumidor
Authors: Garcia Sheila Farias Alves , Carvalho Dirceu Tornavoi de , Miranda Cláudio De Souza , Bosco Bianca Rose Monteiro
Published: October 2018

Objetivo: analisar como os consumidores usam os atributos da carne bovina, durante a avaliao das alternativas, no momento da compra, para formar expectativas acerca da sua qualidade e dos benefcios decorrentes da mesma. Mtodo: A Realizou-se uma pesquisa quantitativa (survey), com o uso de questionrios online, enviados a uma base de 14.795 respondentes, espalhados por todas as regies do Brasil, resultando em 499 questionrios vlidos. Na anlise dos dados, explorou-se a interdependncia, via correlaes (Coeficiente de Pearson) das variveis estudadas (atributos e benefcios). Tambm foram realizadas regresses lineares mltiplas, considerando cada atributo como varivel independente e os benefcios como variveis dependentes, de modo a avaliar a capacidade de predio de cada atributo. Originalidade/Relevncia: Pretendeu-se ir alm do ranking de atributos e benefcios, estudando as possveis relaes entre as duas variveis, ou seja, a pesquisa buscou evidncias empricas para a relao terico-conceitual entre os atributos percebidos e os benefcios esperados. Resultados: A percepo da qualidade da carne, pelo consumidor mdio, ainda est muito concentrada em aspectos bsicos, como cor, aroma, data de validade, data de fabricao, selo SIF. Caractersticas mais elaboradas, como marmoreio e marca, nem sempre so percebidas. Sabor e maciez, os benefcios mais desejados, no tm correlao entre si, o que indica que o consumidor no est disposto a abrir mo de nenhum dos dois. Os resultados sugerem que o prazer mesa prevalece em relao s preocupaes com a sade ou o meio ambiente. Contribuies tericas/metodolgicas: Os resultados revelaram que os atributos evocados pelo consumidor antes da compra da carne bovina nem sempre apresentam alto valor preditivo da qualidade experimentada, podendo gerar insatisfao.
Análise da Produção do Journal of Marketing de 2014 A 2016
Authors: Motta Artur Machado , Iizuka Edson Sadao
Published: October 2018

Objetivo do estudo: O objetivo desse estudo analisar as publicaes do Journal of Marketing (JM), identificando elementos que possam ser utilizados em pesquisas de alto impacto e no ensino acadmico.Metodologia/abordagem: Nesse estudo bibliomtrico, foram analisados 123 papers e as 9.351 referncias utilizadas por eles. Sobre os papers foram analisados autores e seus pases, IES, editores, suportes recebidos, metodologias, palavras-chave, temticas e estruturas dos ttulos, resumos e resultados. Sobre as referncias foram analisados os journals, os perodos de publicao, as temticas e as frequncias.Relevncia/originalidade: A publicao em peridicos de alto impacto ambicionada por pesquisadores das diversas reas do conhecimento. Em Marketing, o JM a publicao com maior impacto acadmico e suas publicaes tendem a indicar o estado da arte do conhecimento em Marketing.Principais resultados: Os autores Rajdeep Grewal e Jan Wieseke foram os que mais publicaram. A metodologia empregada foi predominantemente quantitativa. As temticas com maior frequncia foram Produtos, Marcas, Comunicao e Preo e Estratgias de Marketing e Marketing Internacional. 27% das referncias tm menos de 5 anos de publicao e 35% se repetem em mais de dois papers. As principais referncias por temtica tambm so apresentadas.Contribuies tericas/metodolgicas: Os resultados permitem que: (1) pesquisadores ajustem suas produes ampliando a possibilidade de publicaes de alto impacto, (2) acadmicos identifiquem referncias cientficas atualizadas e/ou clssicas para o ensino de alta qualidade e (3) peridicos nacionais reflitam sobre como elevar sua relevncia.