bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between Truck Crashes due to Mechanical Failure and Truck Age
Authors: Lee Jaeyoung , Mao Suyi , Abdel-Aty Mohamed , Lian Yanqi , Yue Lishengsha , Yun Ilsoo
Published: April 2021

There have been efforts to restrict older trucks in many jurisdictions all over the world. The primary goal of the restrictions is to minimize greenhouse gas emissions. In addition to the environmental benefits, it is also possible that the truck age restriction could contribute to the enhancement of traffic safety. Older trucks are subject to longer travel-miles than newer trucks and tend to have higher mechanical failure rates. Extremely few studies have been done to explore the impact of trucks’ age on their crash occurrence due to mechanical problems. This study aims to investigate the association between the truck crashes due to mechanical issues and the truck age. Two approaches are adopted to achieve the objective. First, a chi-square test reveals that the proportions of the mechanical failures among older trucks are higher than those among newer ones (

χ

2

 = 256.199,

p
<
0.0001

). Second, the modeling results indicate that the number of truck crashes due to mechanical failures is significantly increased by the truck age. The findings suggest that policies restricting older trucks should consider not only environmental effects but also traffic safety benefits.
A Multiscale Approach to the Design and Manipulation of Oil-in-Water Emulsion-Based Products
Authors: Gomez Javier D. , Pradilla Diego , Alvarez Oscar
Published: April 2021

Advances in computational technology and high-throughput modeling software have given rise to the tailored design of products that require accurate mathematical relationships for their assessment. Industrial emulsion-based products, ubiquitous to everyday life, are complex systems driven by interfacial phenomena that require quick property-prediction tools for their commercialization. In this work, by means of a multiscale approach, mathematical relationships to model oil-in-water emulsions and that can be applied to any commercial emulsion-based product are proposed. The energy consumption during the emulsification process (

E

v

, which transitions from monotonic increase to exponential growth at 80% 

w
/
w

), a parameter responsible for finished product performance, was linked to final product properties at three different levels: (i) molecular, through the dynamics of the interdroplet interactions given their distribution and structure at a microscopic level; (ii) microscopic, through average droplet size yielding an inversely proportional exponential relationship (

D

4,3

 
∝
 

E
v

−
4

); and (iii) macroscopic, through the plateau value of the elastic modulus and the flow behavior index leading to inversely proportional quadratic relationships (

G

′

∝
 

E
v

−
2

and

η
∝
 

E
v

−
2

, respectively). These relationships are valid at dispersed phase concentrations beyond the 60% 

w
/
w

threshold where the packing of the droplets changes the emulsion’s microscopic structure giving rise to Van der Waals forces-driven phenomena. Finding this threshold allowed expanding the concentration ranges of previously reported models. The main expectation is that these results will aid researchers and process/product designers to optimize their work in different industrial applications.
A First Report on Experience in Managing Infants with Congenital Toxoplasmosis in Ethiopia: Case Reports and a Review of Evaluation and Treatment
Authors: Alemayehu Tinsae , Assefa Selamawit , Deribessa Solomie Jebessa , Ambachew Semienew
Published: April 2021

Background. Congenital toxoplasmosis is a major sequela of untreated primary maternal infection. With or without symptoms, untreated infections eventually lead to multiple neurologic complications. Despite the high Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in the Ethiopian population, there are no reports of newborns diagnosed and treated for congenital toxoplasmosis. Presentation of Cases. The clinical presentation, evaluation, and management of three infants with congenital toxoplasmosis are described. Two were symptomatic at birth. All three had confirmed diagnoses using Toxoplasma serologic tests. Two completed their treatment with one infant developing complications of strabismus and seizure disorder. Discussion and Conclusions. There is little experience in managing congenital toxoplasmosis in Ethiopia due to constraints in diagnostics and therapy. The description of this first such report underscores the need for risk assessment and evaluation during antenatal care to obtain favorable fetal outcomes.
The Peculiar Clinical Symptoms and Treatment of Limbic Encephalitis Associated with AMPA Receptor Antibody
Authors: Jia Yu , Li Mingyu , Wang Huifang , Zhang Mengyao , Wang Yuping
Published: April 2021

Alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) antibody-related diseases are very rare in autoimmune neurological diseases. We collected and analyzed the data of 3 patients with peculiar clinical manifestation positive for AMPA2-R antibody in the Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University. In our reported case series, 2 patients were male and 1 was female. The initial clinical features of 3 patients were all consistent with an encephalopathy predominantly involving the limbic system. Interestingly, as the disease continues to advance, case 1 presented with limb paralysis, case 2 developed typical cerebellar ataxia, and case 3 had symptoms of autonomic instability. These 3 types of clinical features were very rare in patients with AMPAR-Ab. After immunotherapy, cases 1 and 3 responded well and case 2 was not responsive. During the follow-up, residual memory loss of cases 1 and 3 improved gradually, and they returned to work. To eliminate the influence of the presence of other pathogenic antibodies, we analyzed the available individual clinical information of 37 patients with the single AMPAR-Ab by systematic literature review. A majority of patients had sudden short-term memory loss as the initial symptom and developed limbic encephalitis. Residual memory deficit was the most common symptom after discharge. The combination of at least 2 types of immunotherapy was recommended as the first-line treatment, and patients would benefit from the tumor screening. In addition, compared with the patients positive for single AMPAR-Ab, the patients with both AMPAR-Ab and other antibodies had a higher risk of malignant tumor and might have a poor therapeutic response, which led to a poor prognosis.
Vitamin C dietary supplementation influence tadpoles of bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus reared in low water temperature
Authors: Navarro Rodrigo Diana , Martins Tamyres Pereira Araújo , Pereira Marcelo Maia
Published: April 2021

Vitamin C supplementation is important for the growth and development of bullfrog tadpoles under optimum water temperature conditions. Therefore, an experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of vitamin C supplementation on the diet of bullfrog tadpoles at a low temperature. A total of 480 tadpoles with a mean weight of 0.078 g were distributed in 12 aquariums each containing 40 L of water in a closed water recirculation system. The experimental design was entirely randomized with four treatments (0, 150, 300, and 600 mg kg-1 of L-ascorbic acid monophosphate) and three replicates. The productive performance was measured by the weight gain, feed conversion, diet consumption, protein efficiency, carcass yield, hepatosomatic index, viscerosomatic index, visceral fat index, dry matter, and ethereal carcass extract. The water temperature during the experimental period was 21.74 ± 0.43 °C. Vitamin C supplementation did not influence carcass yield and viscerosomatic index. However, there was a quadratic effect of vitamin C supplementation on the weight gain, apparent feed conversion, protein efficiency, visceral fat index, hepatosomatic index, and ethereal carcass extract. Based on these results, bullfrog tadpoles should be supplemented with 600 mg vitamin C kg-1 of the diet when subjected to water temperatures of around 22 °C.
Case report: the use of the AWIN welfare assessment protocol to monitor a group of abandoned donkeys
Authors: Farias Sharacely de Souza , Gameiro Mariana Bombo Perozzi , Montechese Ana Carolina Dierings , Bernardino Thiago , Oliveira Chiara Albano de Araujo , Zanella Adroaldo José
Published: April 2021

The objective of this study was to reach a diagnosis of the living conditions of abandoned donkeys kept in a restricted farm area through the assessment of their welfare level utilizing the AWIN protocol as a methodological tool. These animals were supposed to be sent to slaughter, but after the activity was temporarily banned, they were abandoned by traders. The protocol of welfare assessment was associated with general environmental and sanitary conditions. Information regarding the mortality rates was also gathered. According to the welfare assessment results, the living conditions of these animals were acceptable in some areas, despite the insufficient shade and shelter, a 3-month food restriction period, and a mortality rate of over 70%. These results demonstrate that welfare assessment protocols must be adapted to crises and databases for welfare indicators in diverse conditions must be created.
Proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis in horses: concepts, indications, and techniques
Authors: Souza Anderson Fernando , Zoppa André Luis do Valle
Published: April 2021

Surgical arthrodesis is effective for treating proximal interphalangeal joint (PIJ) injuries in horses. Despite several techniques described so far, the use of a 3-hole, 4.5mm-locking compression plate, associated with two 5.5-mm transarticular cortex screws, is currently considered the “gold standard.” This review describes the anatomy of the pastern, as well as causes, indications, and possibilities for arthrodesis in the equine PIJ. A description of the current surgical technique for joint fixation is also presented.
Desenho Jurídico-Institucional da Valorização do Salário Mínimo no Brasil dos Governos Dilma ao Governo Bolsonaro: quais os elementos jurídicos por trás dos discursos políticos?
Authors: Freitas Aline da Silva
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo pergunta qual o desenho jurídico-institucional da valorização do salário mínimo no Brasil apenas de 2011 até 2019, considerando os Períodos de Governo de Dilma Rousseff, Michel Temer e Jair Bolsonaro; os principais discursos destes sobre o tema; e os fundamentos jurídicos descritos e os utilizados. Para tanto, pretende-se, como premissa, contextualizar se ainda é importante refletir juridicamente sobre o salário mínimo, eis que parece consolidado há anos no país. Depois, serão apresentados fragmentos históricos do legado deixado à Presidente Dilma e, em sequência, levantados os elementos jurídicos que estão à sombra dos discursos políticos daqueles. Trata-se de levantamento bibliográfico analítico para verificar o papel do Direito diante do tema que demanda interface com economia e políticas públicas, entre outros, só que também precisa contemplar este papel.
Identidade e Deficiência
Authors: Alves Cecilia Pescatore
Published: April 2021

O ensaio discute o tema identidade e Deficiência a partir de uma revisão crítica dos conceitos de exclusão e deficiente, fundamentando uma reflexão sobre perspectivas de identidades emancipatórias de pessoas que possuem deficiência frente às incongruências sociais. Considera o contexto de exclusão vivido pelos indivíduos com deficiência, bem como a inépcia na implantação da educação inclusiva decorrente das estruturas das instituições de ensino, e fundamentalmente do preconceito. Assim, o debate se debruça sobre os nexos entre os processos identitários de pessoas com deficiências, a imposição dos papéis sociais e a difícil construção da identidade na exclusão, assim como as condições e possibilidades de humanização no mundo contemporâneo. Identidade é discutida no contexto dos conflitos sociais originários de concepções hegemônicas sobre normalidade, assim como, pela intolerância ao diferente. A sustentação teórica de identidade se encontra nas concepções de Habermas e no conceito do sintagma identidade-metamorfose-emancipação desenvolvido por Ciampa. Coloca-se assim em debate que as possibilidades de identidades em emancipação e o direito do deficiente implicam em lutas sociais pela dignidade humana, pela igualdade de diretos, e pelo reconhecimento da diversidade de modos de vida e das muitas formas de estar no mundo.
Da Impostergável Proteção Legislativa do Pantanal Mato-grossense
Authors: Irigaray Carlos Teodoro José Hugueney , Araújo Luiz Flávio Blanco
Published: April 2021

O acesso ao meio ambiente equilibrado é assegurado pela Constituição Federal. Essa mesma lei determina em seu artigo 225 que o Pantanal-matogrossense é um bioma que precisa ser especialmente protegido, com uso racional dos seus recursos naturais. Esse bioma figura entre as maiores planícies alagáveis do planeta, abriga uma rica biodiversidade com estudos e pesquisas em desenvolvimento por instituições do mundo todo, além de prestar importantes serviços ambientais de alto valor econômico. Conhecida a relevância dos serviços prestados pelas áreas úmidas para o bem comum, essas áreas são mundialmente protegidas pela Convenção de Ramsar. Além dos aspectos de preservação da fauna e da flora, não se pode olvidar do importantíssimo aspecto cultural desenvolvido ao longo da história das populações locais, que têm uma forma de viver, de pensar e de se expressar bastante peculiar e que deve igualmente ser protegida, por se tratar de bem jurídico com dignidade constitucional. Todavia, não se percebe de forma nítida e eficaz um tratamento legal referente ao uso adequado, ao manejo e a atenção com as populações locais. Mas, ainda subsistem dificuldades e omissões legais que devem ser objeto de atenção com vistas a se alcançar a eficiente preservação dos espaços sensíveis e importantes ao ecossistema do Pantanal, visando à perpetuação da fauna, da flora e de aspectos hidrográficos da região, bem como a preservação do meio ambiente cultural do povo pantaneiro.
Estudo Bibliográfico nos Anais do Congresso da SOBER Sobre o Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos
Authors: Ávila Franciely Silva , Querino Fabiane Fidelis , Gomes Rafaela da Silva , Ribeiro Fernanda Franco , Nogueira Leandro Rivelli
Published: April 2021

A maior parte da produção de alimentos consumidos pela população do país se origina da agricultura familiar. Sendo assim, o governo tem várias políticas públicas voltadas para esta atividade. Políticas públicas voltadas à comercialização como o PAA - Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos é uma das ações estruturantes do Fome Zero, tem o objetivo de garantir o acesso a alimentos em quantidade, com qualidade e de forma regular às populações com situação de insegurança alimentar, permitindo aos agricultores que comercializem seus produtos  com preço justo. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar através de um estudo dos artigos publicados nos Congressos da SOBER (Sociedade Brasileira de Economia, Administração e Sociologia Rural) quais os estudos vêm sendo desenvolvidos sobre a temática do PAA durante os três últimos anos. O Congresso do ano de 2011 estava inacessível, portanto os trabalhos estudados foram somente nos anos 2012 e 2013 que se quantificam em 10 trabalhos dentre os quais está apresentado abaixo a implantação e os resultados do PAA em diferentes estados deste país.
Formas de (Re)Organização dos Sistemas Produtivos, Mudanças Sociais e Percepções Ambientais no Rincão dos Kroeff, São Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Paulino Naiane Caroline Mazzurana , Binkowski Patrícia
Published: April 2021

Este artigo foi desenvolvido a partir da pesquisa realizada para o Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (TCC) do Curso de Bacharelado em Gestão Ambiental da Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul (UERGS), Unidade Hortênsias em São Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande do Sul (RS). O objetivo da pesquisa foi o de identificar e analisar as mudanças nas práticas agrícolas realizadas pelos agricultores que residem no distrito do Rincão do Kroeff em São Francisco de Paula/RS e as percepções ambientais desses agricultores em relação ao local onde vivem e produzem e como se deu o processo evolutivo dessa agricultura nesse distrito. Este trabalho foi organizado metodologicamente por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, entrevistas e utilização de diário de campo. Averiguou-se que entre os entrevistados as principais atividades agrícolas são a pecuária (gado de corte e leite), a lavoura (pastagens, milho, feijão e batata), hortigranjeiros (alface, repolho, brócolis, entre outros) e silvicultura (pinus e eucalipto). Constatou-se que 37% dos agricultores entrevistados tem a posse da terra, porém, a dinâmica dos “arrendamentos” tem ganhado espaço nas propriedades, assim como na comercialização ocorreu o aparecimento do posto de “atravessador”. Em relação às percepções ambientais é possível dizer que mesmo tendo uma conscientização em relação as necessidade de cuidado com o ambiente os agricultores entrevistados continuam utilizando-se de técnicas que causam danos ambientais. Por fim, constatou-se um enorme paradoxo entre “preservação ambiental” em relação às “práticas agrícolas” realizadas no Rincão dos Kroeff, pois ao mesmo tempo em que os agricultores entrevistados dizem necessitar preservar o ambiente, não pensam em mudar suas práticas agrícolas, possivelmente, por um “conforto” financeiro e/ou um receio de utilizar técnicas que ainda não têm “conhecimento”.
Juventudes e Políticas: uma abordagem das ocupações estudantis brasileiras de 2015 e 2016
Authors: Rosa Leandro Amorim
Published: April 2021

O artigo tem como objetivo abordar o movimento de ocupações estudantis ocorridas em 2015 e 2016 no Brasil em sua relação com algumas proposições vinculada a juventude. A promulgação do Estatuto da Juventude se coloca como um marco no que diz respeito a políticas para tal público no Brasil. Diversos autores(as) e teóricos(as) se debruçam sobre definições e entendimentos sobre a juventude, assim como são vários os olhares que o Estado, partidos e grupos políticos atribuem às pessoas que se enquadram neste período de vida. Nos anos de 2015 e 2016, jovens estudantes realizaram ocupações de instituições educacionais por todo o Brasil. Tais movimentos possuíram caraterísticas que os diferenciaram dos ditos movimentos estudantis tradicionais. As ocupações estudantis de 2015 e 2016 defenderam propostas de educação pública, gratuita e de qualidade; se colocaram contra modelos de educação gerencialistas e neoliberais; e lutaram por uma concepção de escola e educação baseadas na gestão democrática e na prática e instituição do comum.
Estudos Pós-Coloniais e Antirracismo
Authors: Santos Gislene Aparecida dos
Published: April 2021

O presente texto reflete sobre a área dos estudos pós-coloniais. Para diversos autores consideram que a crítica pós-colonial é uma forma ou um produto da resistência ao colonialismo e ao imperialismo. Para outros, o objetivo da compreensão da crítica pós-colonial é associá-la com o momento do passado e o presente que prefacia as críticas feitas pelas teorias multiculturais. Neste texto trazemos também uma reflexão acerca de possíveis estratégias feministas, decoloniais e antirracistas que permitem considerar toda narrativa opressiva que está inscrita no campo das heranças e atualizações das práticas colonialistas e que precisam ser enfrentadas na contemporaneidade.
Geometridae (Lepidoptera) of the Baikal region: keys to species and an annotated catalogue. Part 1. Ennominae
Authors: MAKHOV ILYA
Published: April 2021

The dichotomous keys to 106 species from 62 genera of Ennominae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) of the Baikal region (Irkutskaya Oblast and Buryatia, Russia) is given. The annotated catalogue including synonyms, the details of examined specimens, data on distribution and hostplants with references is provided. Distribution of Macaria artesiaria ([Denis et Schiffermüller], 1775) in the Baikal region is confirmed. One species is newly combined with genus Hypoxystis Prout, 1915: H. reticulata (Sterneck, 1928) comb. nov. The genus name Scardostrenia Sterneck, 1928 is established to be a synonym of Hypoxystis Prout, 1915 syn. n. Some taxonomic aspects of Charissa turfosaria (Wehrli, 1922), Hypoxystis reticulata (Sterneck, 1928), Synopsia strictaria Lederer, 1853 and Autotrichia heterogynoides (Wehrli, 1927) are discussed. New westernmost boundary of the range of Abraxas karafutonis Matsumura, 1925 is established.
The Role of Atmospheric Feedbacks in Abrupt Winter Arctic Sea Ice Loss in Future Warming Scenarios
Authors: Hankel Camille , Tziperman Eli
Published: April 2021

Winter Arctic sea ice loss has been simulated with varying degrees of abruptness across global climate models (GCMs) run in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) under the high-emissions extended RCP8.5 scenario. Previous studies have proposed various mechanisms to explain modeled abrupt winter sea ice loss, such as the existence of a wintertime convective cloud feedback or the role of the freezing point as a natural threshold, but none have sought to explain the variability of the abruptness of winter sea ice loss across GCMs. Here we propose a year-to-year local positive feedback cycle in which warm, open oceans at the start of winter allow for the moistening and warming of the lower atmosphere, which in turn increases the downward clear-sky longwave radiation at the surface and suppresses ocean freezing. This situation leads to delayed and diminished winter sea ice growth and allows for increased shortwave absorption from lowered surface albedo during springtime. Last, the ocean stores this additional heat throughout the summer and autumn seasons, setting up even warmer ocean conditions that lead to further sea ice reduction. We show that the strength of this feedback, as measured by the partial temperature contributions of the different surface heat fluxes, correlates strongly with the abruptness of winter sea ice loss across models. Thus, we suggest that this feedback mechanism may explain intermodel spread in the abruptness of winter sea ice loss. In models in which the feedback mechanism is strong, this may indicate the possibility of hysteresis and thus irreversibility of sea ice loss.
Efficacy of Alprostadil in Preventing Contrast-Induced Nephropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xu Hongling , Wang Hongye , Zhang Chuang , Xiao Jun , Hua Ning , Tang Xuezheng , Xie Jiaqi , Zhang Zhengbin
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to determine the efficacy of alprostadil in preventing contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). Eligible studies were searched using the keywords through the databases of PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, China Biological Medicine Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Vanfun. Quality evaluation of the included studies was conducted according to international evidence evaluation and recommended Grades of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation standards. We included 29 studies with 5623 patients. Compared with hydration, 10 µg/d alprostadil or 20 µg/d alprostadil plus hydration significantly decreased the incidence of CIN. Compared with hydration, alprostadil plus hydration significantly reduced serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen at 24, 48, and 72 hours and 7 days after coronary angiography (CAG). Alprostadil (20 µg/d) plus hydration significantly decreased serum cystatin versus hydration at 24, 48, and 72 hours after CAG. Compared with hydration, alprostadil plus hydration significantly increased glomerular filtration rate at 24 and 72 hours after CAG. Alprostadil plus hydration significantly decreased neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels compared to hydration at 24, 48, and 72 hours after CAG. Alprostadil plus hydration significantly decreased urine macroglobulin versus hydration at 24 and 48 hours after CAG.
‘Without uniform I am a community member, uncle, brother, granddad’: Community policing in Australia’s Torres Strait Region
Authors: Staines Zoe , Scott John , Morton James
Published: April 2021

As a palpable legacy of violent colonialism, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (‘Indigenous’) Australians are the most incarcerated peoples in the world. Community policing, which hinges on the development of trusting community–police partnerships, is frequently proposed as a means of reducing this over-representation, but approaches vary and produce divergent outcomes. This article draws on interview data to explore policing in Australia’s Torres Strait Region – a remote archipelago situated off the northern tip of Queensland. A strong commitment to community and hybridised policing approaches likely provide a partial explanation for relatively low crime in the region. However, under-reporting of some offences (e.g. domestic violence) suggests a possible need to overlay alternative approaches that improve access to justice for all victims, especially women. Overall, the Torres Strait Region experience holds possible lessons for policing in Australia’s other remote Indigenous communities, again demonstrating that decolonisation is a critical starting point for addressing over-representation.
Professional Sports and Crime: Do Professional Hockey Games Increase City-Level Crime Rates?
Authors: Block Kristina
Published: April 2021

Previous research has found that sports games increase certain crimes including theft and vandalism, but the relationship between sports and other offenses such as motor vehicle theft, robbery, and assaults is mixed. Using regular season National Hockey League (NHL) game data and city-level, incident-level crime data from four large U.S. cities, this paper estimates if professional ice hockey games played at home is associated with increases in property crimes, alcohol-related crimes, and assaults during and right after games the over course of four NHL seasons. Results show that NHL games lead to small but significant increases in property crimes and assaults. There is no significant effect for alcohol-related crimes. Implications and suggestions for future work are discussed.
Implementation of Pharmacy Executive Quality and Safety Walkrounds at a Tertiary Academic Medical Center
Authors: Alsowaida Yazed Saleh , Kovacevic Mary P. , Belisle Caryn , Cotugno Michael C. , Cooley Tom , Matta Lina , Fanikos John , Dell’Orfano Heather
Published: April 2021

Background: Executive Quality and Safety WalkRounds (EWRs) is a tool that engages department leadership in discussion with the front-line employees to solicit feedback to improve quality and safety. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the implementation of pharmacy department specific EWRs on quality and safety at a tertiary academic medical center. Method: This was a single-center, retrospective analysis conducted at Brigham and Women’s Hospital between November 2016 and November 2019. This study aimed to analyze the implementation of EWRs conducted every other month throughout various service areas and satellites of the pharmacy department. Data evaluated included the number of EWRs conducted, the specific areas visited, the total number of action items recommended by the staff, along with the total number of action items that were completed or remained in process. Results: During the study period, 17 visits were completed in 12 different BWH pharmacy sub-departments. A total of 98 operational, technological, and environmental action items were recommended by staff to improve quality and safety. Of the 98 action items documented, 95 (96.9%) were completed by time of our analysis. Conclusion: Pharmacy department EWRs are an important and systematic process of communication between the pharmacy leadership and frontline staff. Pharmacy department EWRs have resulted in safety and quality improvements at different levels in the pharmacy department. The EWRs program at the pharmacy department was effective in identifying and completing safety initiatives to improve the safety culture of the department.
Understanding Persons With Disabilities’ Reasons for Not Seeking Employment
Authors: Fyffe Denise C. , Lequerica Anthony H. , Ward-Sutton Courtney , Williams Natalie F. , Sundar Vidya , O’Neill John
Published: April 2021

Unemployment is common for persons with disabilities but little is known about the different reasons why people with disabilities may not be seeking employment. This study identified the reasons that people living with disabilities in the United States report for not seeking employment, from the 2015 Kessler Foundation National Employment and Disability Survey (KFNEDS), and categorization of reasons by demographic, socioeconomic, and disability characteristics. We conducted a content analysis of responses to an open-ended question on the KFNEDS. The analytic sample ( n = 1,254) consisted of adults (ages 18–64) living with disabilities who self-identified as either unemployed or not seeking employment. Team coding used a hybrid inductive/deductive approach to identify nine meaningful reasons why people with disabilities may not seek employment. Overall, medical conditions, functional limitations, or their disability were more likely to be reported as reasons for not seeking work, rather than situational reasons associated with workplace engagement, such as “lack of job opportunities.” Bivariate comparisons of codes across demographic, socioeconomic, and disability characteristics noted variability in reasons reported by respondents by sex, race/ethnicity, age, household income, and disability. These findings provide an understanding of diverse reasons for not seeking employment, which can inform programs and policies that promote labor force participation of people with disabilities.
Quantitative evaluation indexes of the spatial steering effect of directional perforation hydraulic fractures
Authors: Weiyong Lu , Changchun He
Published: April 2021

To better evaluate the spatial steering effect of directional perforation hydraulic fractures, evaluation indexes for the spatial steering effect are first proposed in this paper. Then, these indexes are used to quantitatively evaluate existing physical experimental results. Finally, with the help of RFPA2D-Flow software, the influence of perforation length and azimuth on the spatial steering process of hydraulic fracture are quantitatively analysed using four evaluation indexes. It is shown by the results that the spatial deflection trajectory, deflection distance, deflection angle and initiation pressure of hydraulic fractures can be used as quantitative evaluation indexes for the spatial steering effect of hydraulic fractures. The deflection paths of directional perforation hydraulic fractures are basically the same. They all gradually deflect to the maximum horizontal principal stress direction from the perforation hole and finally represent a double-wing bending fracture. The deflection distance, deflection angle and initiation pressure of hydraulic fractures increase gradually with increasing perforation azimuth, and the sensitivity of the deflection angle to the perforation azimuth of hydraulic fractures also increases. With increasing perforation length, the deflection distance of hydraulic fractures increases gradually. However, the deflection angle and initiation pressure decrease gradually, as does the sensitivity.
The Coronavirus as a Revenge Effect: The Pandemic from the Perspective of Philosophy of Technique
Authors: Carabantes Manuel
Published: April 2021

The 2020 coronavirus pandemic is a phenomenon of great interest from the point of view of philosophy of technique. In this paper, we propose an interpretation of its causes and its current and foreseeable effects through a dual theoretical framework. On the one hand, we will use Edward Tenner’s concept of the revenge effect, which refers to the phenomenon by which a technique produces unexpected consequences that cancel its objective. In this case, modern mobility techniques, by spreading the disease on a global scale, have produced the opposite effect, that is, the mobility limitations of lockdowns. On the other hand, we will embrace Jacques Ellul’s philosophy of technique, which shows how many problems produced by modern technique, such as the current pandemic, have an ultimate tendency toward the establishment of a centralized and authoritarian organization of humanity not compatible with the fundamental rights of liberal democracies. The conclusion drawn from these elements will be that the way the pandemic has been tackled supports Ellul’s prediction about the establishment of such an organization.
The Sexual Risk Behaviors Scale (SRBS): Development & Validation in a University Student Sample in the UK
Authors: Fino Emanuele , Jaspal Rusi , Lopes Bárbara , Wignall Liam , Bloxsom Claire
Published: April 2021

University students are at risk of poor sexual health outcomes. The aim of this study was to develop and test the psychometric properties of the Sexual Risk Behaviors Scale (SRBS), a novel short tool for measuring engagement in sexual risk behaviors in university students. We developed a pool of six items based on a review of recent literature and tested its properties in 547 undergraduate students in the United Kingdom. We used Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis to explore and determine the factor structure and dimensionality of the SRBS. We used Item Response Theory and specifically the Graded Response Model to investigate items’ discrimination, information, and differential functioning, respectively, and logistic regression to test whether higher SRBS scores predicted a diagnosis of any sexually transmitted infections in the past 12 months. Results showed that a unidimensional, five-item model fitted the data well, showing satisfactory fit indices and reliability, with all items providing adequate discrimination and information, and no differential item functioning by gender nor by sexual orientation. SRBS total scores significantly predicted the odds of being diagnosed with sexually transmitted infections in the past 12 months. Implications for public health prevention and intervention are discussed.
Shakespeare and Keraliyatha: Romeo and Juliet, adaptation, and South Indian cinemas
Authors: Burnett Mark Thornton
Published: April 2021

This article discusses two Romeo and Juliet adaptations from Kerala, Annayum Rasoolum (dir. Rajeev Ravi, 2013) and Eeda (dir. B. Ajithkumar, 2018). Both films situate the lovers in a regional milieu which challenges notions of progress, as representations of political and religious contest suggest. Taking Ratheesh Radhakrishnan’s claim that the Malayalam film prioritises Keraliyatha or ‘Kerala-ness’, I suggest that songs and rituals are crucial to the films’ imagining of the lovers in relation to local cultures. Annayum Rasoolum and Eeda hold out the prospect of different futures, yet, ultimately, fall back on ambiguated conclusions and spectacles of separation and precarity.
Pulmonary carcinoid tumours: A multi-centre analysis of survival and predictors of outcome following sublobar, lobar, and extended pulmonary resections
Authors: Thakur Sameer , Florisson Daniel , Telianidis Stacy , Yaftian Nima , Lee Jean , Knight Simon , Barnett Stephen , Seevanayagam Siven , Antippa Phillip , Alam Naveed , Wright Gavin
Published: April 2021

Background

Pulmonary carcinoids are rare neoplasms, accounting for approximately 1%–2% of all lung malignancies. A retrospective analysis was undertaken of all patients who underwent surgical resection of pulmonary carcinoid tumours across multiple institutions in Melbourne, Australia.

Methods

From May 2000 through April 2020, 241 patients who underwent surgical resection of pulmonary carcinoid tumours were retrospectively reviewed. Patient demographics, pathologic data, and long-term outcomes were recorded.

Results

Median age was 57.7 years and the majority of patients were female (58.9% vs. 41.1%). Typical carcinoid was present in 77.1%. Histological subtype was associated with several factors. Atypical carcinoid was more likely to have larger tumour size and nodal involvement. Overall survival for typical carcinoid at 5, 10, and 15 years was 98%, 95%, and 84%, and for atypical carcinoid was 88%, 82%, and 62%, respectively. Histological subtype and age were found to be independent predictors of overall survival, with worse outcomes for atypical and those above 60 years of age. Disease-free survival was related to sublobar resection (p < 0.001, sub-hazard ratio (SHR): 6.89), lymph node involvement (p = 0.022, SHR: 3.18), and atypical histology (p < 0.001, SHR: 9.89).

Conclusion

Excellent long-term outcomes can be achieved following surgical resection of pulmonary carcinoids. Atypical histology and lymph node involvement are significant prognostic factors, and sublobar resection should not be considered in patients with either of the above features. Typical carcinoid tumour without nodal involvement may be appropriate for sublobar resection. Typical and atypical carcinoid tumours should be considered distinct disease entities, and as such treated accordingly.
Clinical Risk Profile for a Second Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Female Soccer Players After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Fältström Anne , Kvist Joanna , Bittencourt Natalia F.N. , Mendonça Luciana D. , Hägglund Martin
Published: April 2021

Background:

The risk of a second anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury when participating in pivoting sports after ACL reconstruction is high. Risk factors associated with a second ACL injury are complex.

Purpose:

To investigate the combinations of various clinical risk factors associated with second ACL injury in female soccer players with a primary unilateral ACL reconstruction, using Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

A total of 117 active female soccer players (mean ± SD age, 20 ± 2 years) were included. Athletes were enrolled 19 ± 9 months after ACL reconstruction and were prospectively followed for 2 years. At baseline, all players underwent assessment of knee and ankle joint range of motion (ROM), participated in functional tests (postural control, hop performance, and movement asymmetries in the lower limbs and trunk), and answered questionnaires (patient-reported knee function, knee-related quality of life, psychological and personality factors). A clinical prediction model using CART was developed.

Results:

A total of 28 players (24%) sustained a second ACL injury (21 ipsilateral and 7 contralateral ruptures) while playing soccer. CART analysis selected 9 of 19 independent variables associated with second ACL injury: the 5-jump test, knee collapse on the non–ACL reconstructed leg in a drop vertical jump, tuck jump, limb symmetry index on side hop and the single hop for distance, side difference in ankle dorsiflexion ROM, and scores for the questionnaires ACL-Return to Sport After Injury and the Swedish Universities Scales of Personality subscales of Stress Susceptibility and Adventure Seeking. The accuracy of the model was 89%, with 100% sensitivity and 76% specificity. CART analysis indicated that the interaction of longer jumps in the 5-jump test (>916 cm) with more side difference in ankle dorsiflexion ROM (>–2.5°) and more knee valgus collapse in the nonreconstructed knee (>−1.4 cm) (relative risk, 4.03; 95% CI, 2.21-7.36) best predicted an increased likelihood of a second ACL injury.

Conclusion:

The risk profiles selected by CART could accurately identify female soccer players at high risk for a second ACL injury. There was an interaction between functional performance, clinical assessment, and psychological factors, and it is reasonable to include these factors in return-to-sport decisions and in athlete screening after ACL injury.
Individual and combined hepatocytotoxicity of DDT and cadmium in vitro
Authors: Sun Ying-Jian , Cao Qing-Juan , Xu Ming-Yuan , Yang Lin , Wu Yi-Jun
Published: April 2021

The organochlorine insecticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and heavy metal cadmium (Cd) are widespread environmental pollutants. They are persistent in the environment and can accumulate in organisms. Although the individual toxicity of DDT and Cd has been well documented, their combined toxicity is still not clear. Since liver is their common target, in this study, the individual and combined toxicity of DDT and Cd in human liver carcinoma HepG2 and human normal liver THLE-3 cell lines were investigated. The results showed that DDT and Cd inhibited the viability of HepG2 and THLE-3 cells dose-dependently and altered lysosomal morphology and function. Intracellular reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation levels were induced by DDT and Cd treatment. The combined cytotoxicity of DDT and Cd was greater than their individual cytotoxicity, and the interaction between Cd and DDT was additive on the inhibition of cell viability and lysosomal function of HepG2 cells. The interaction was antagonistic on the inhibition of cell viability of THLE-3 cells. These results may facilitate the evaluation of the cumulative risk of pesticides and heavy metal residues in the environment.
A new automatic measurement system for high-speed railway substructure settlement based on hydrostatic pressure difference levelling
Authors: Chen De , Qian Qingting , Shen Mingliang , Wang Si , Yuan Lv , Guo MinRu , Su Qian , Ye Anjun
Published: April 2021

Exact settlement measurement of substructures plays an important role in their status detection throughout all-life-cycle of high-speed railway. A Hydrostatic Pressure Difference Levelling system (HPDL) is developed based on the mechanism that pressures of any two points at different elevations in incompressible static liquid are different. The approach accounts for a hyperbolic variation in the density of the pressure transmission liquid with temperature, variation in the earth’s gravitational field and the elevation at the measurement point. High accuracy capacitive differential pressure transmitters are adopted owing to their high sensitivity, temperature-insensitive, low energy consumption, and sensing stability. The HPDL results are verified with settlement values measured by the precise level. It was demonstrated that the HPDL results correlate well with the precise level and can be considered as an effective method to measure the settlement of high-speed railway substructures.
Cooling performance of vortex generator
Authors: Halder Nirmal , Panigrahi PK
Published: April 2021

Present numerical investigation proposes to mitigate the effects of Counter rotating vortex pair (CRVP) by employing a pair of vortex generator. Numerical simulation has been carried out to investigate the effect of placement of vortex generator on the characteristics of film cooling effectiveness. Various configuration has been taken based on vortex generator location at upstream, downstream of circular film cooling hole. Along with these utilizing multiple vortex generator at different downstream location also has been detected. The jet to cross flow blowing ratios ( M =  ρ juj/ ρ cfucf) is maintained at unity while Reynolds number based on free stream velocity and film cooling hole dimension is kept at 17,000. The investigation of suitable turbulence model has been studied. The results are compared with baseline case. The numerical investigation is accomplished implementing FLUENT commercial code adopting the K-omega SST model. Among configuration E and all quantity (Density ratio ( DR), Blowing ratio ( M), Reynolds number (Re) and Turbulence intensity ( TI)) better CRVP distribution is depicted for TI and lowest for configuration E.
Exploring the untapped potential of solar photovoltaic energy at a smart campus: Shadow and cloud analyses
Authors: Behi Zeineb , Ng Kelvin Tsun Wai , Richter Amy , Karimi Nima , Ghosh Abhijeet , Zhang Lei
Published: April 2021

Solar energy is abundant, and technological advances have made solar energy systems more affordable than ever before. Using photovoltaic (PV) systems could significantly reduce our reliance on fossil fuels, and facilitate sustainable energy uses. Solar power utilities, such as self-compacting disposal bins could be used to enhance waste management processes. This is particularly important in Canada, where $3.3 billion was spent on waste management systems in 2016. In this study, solar irradiance and climatic conditions at eight locations on a University campus in Regina, Saskatchewan, are studied. Results suggest that solar utilities with automatically adjusting PV receivers could increase energy capture between 18.7 – 27.5%. Temporally, solar irradiance was similar in June and July, but lower in August. Statistical analysis found that some locations tended to be more susceptible to shadow effects. The results highlight the importance of spatial allocations of these small smart disposal bin systems. Regression analysis found that temperature was the most significant factor when relating climate to solar irradiance. The use of smart disposal bins fits well with the University’s 2020–2025 Strategic Plan of reduction in ecological footprint.
Automation and public support for workfare
Authors: Im Zhen Jie , Komp-Leukkunen Kathrin
Published: April 2021

Automation has permeated workplaces and threatens labour in the production process. Concurrently, European governments have expanded workfare which imposes stringent conditions and sanctions on unemployed workers after the onset of austerity. We explore how automation risk affects workfare support. Recent research finds that most routine workers ‘survive’ in their routine jobs. Despite avoiding unemployment, routine workers may face the threat of status decline as automation erodes the value of routine work. They may respond by differentiating themselves from lower-ranked social groups such as unemployed workers. Such boundary drawing may manifest views that the unemployed are less deserving of welfare. We thus posit that routine workers may support workfare to assuage their fears of status decline. We further explore if worsening economic hardship, proxied as rising unemployment rates over time, increases their support for workfare. We conducted pooled and multilevel analyses using data from the European Social Survey. We find that routine workers significantly support workfare. We also find that routine workers support workfare when economic hardship worsens, but oppose it when conditions ameliorate. Findings suggest that status threat is an important channel by which automation risk may affect workfare support, but its impact depends on social context, hence yielding country-differences. Worsening economic hardship may exacerbate routine workers’ status decline fears, and intensify their harsh views against unemployed workers. Automation risk may thus have a greater impact on workfare support under such conditions. Policymakers can use these findings to assess how workfare may be publicly received and under various economic conditions.
Resilience revisited: AIDS and resilience among a Yi ethnic minority in Southwest China
Authors: Ting Rachel Sing-Kiat , Sundararajan Louise , Luo Yuanshan , Wang Junyi , Zhang Kejia
Published: April 2021

This study attempts to widen the conceptual space of resilience in (Western) psychology in order to better capture the resilience landscape of an ethnic minority group ravaged by the HIV/AIDS pandemic—the Nuosu-Yi in Southwest China. Without decolonizing the construct of resilience, non-Western versions of coping with adversities cannot be properly understood. Our process of decolonization of resilience involved two steps: First, we conducted semistructured interviews with the target population ( N = 21) to take inventory of their Indigenous notions of resilience. Second, for conceptual comparison, we mapped the themes and categories, derived from thematic analysis, of the interview data onto the conceptual space of the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA), which we used as proxy for mainstream conceptualizations of resilience. This mapping revealed multiple lacunae in the theoretical framework of RSA, and unique properties in the Indigenous approach to adversities in contrast. Far reaching theoretical and practical implications of this investigation are discussed.