bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solar‐Driven Co‐Production of Hydrogen and Value‐Add Conductive Polyaniline Polymer
Authors: Chen Hongjun , Zheng Jianghui , Ballestas‐Barrientos Alfonso , Bing Jueming , Liao Chwenhaw , Yuen Alexander K. L. , Fois Chiara A. M. , Valtchev Peter , Proschogo Nicholas , Bremner Stephen P. , Atwater Harry A. , Boyer Cyrille , Maschmeyer Thomas , Ho‐Baillie Anita W. Y.
Published: September 2022

To reduce the reliance on fossil fuel, H2, as a clean fuel, has attracted substantial research and development activities in recent years. The traditional water splitting approach requires an applied bias of more than 1.5 V and the use of ion‐selective membranes to prevent the formation of a potentially explosive H2–O2 gas mixture, resulting in increased cost and system design complexity. Here, a solar‐driven H2 production process requiring a much lower applied bias of 1.05 V is reported whereby aniline (ANI) is oxidized to polyaniline (PANI) at the anode with a yield of 96% and H2 evolution reaction occurs at the cathode with a faradaic efficiency of 98.6 ± 3.9%. The process has multiple advantages including the elimination of ion‐exchange membrane as PANI is a solid product that also is of substantially higher value than O2. For demonstration, a single junction perovskite solar cell and low‐cost earth abundant CoP catalyst are successfully applied for this process. This process contributes to the advancement of solar‐driven low‐cost H2 generation coupled with co‐production of a high‐value product expediting the transition to a hydrogen economy.
Divergent Reaction of Allenoates: Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyrazoles and N‐Alkylated Hydrazones
Authors: Rajai‐Daryasarei Saideh , Rominger Frank , Reza Bijanzadeh Hamid , Balalaie Saeed
Published: September 2022

A strategy for the divergent synthesis of polysubstituted pyrazoles and N‐alkylated hydrazone derivatives through three‐component reaction of aromatic aldehydes, aryl sulfonyl hydrazides, and allenoates under the mild reaction conditions is described. Both products can be obtained by changing the reaction base.

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Comprehensive management of paranasal sinus fungus balls: A Young‐IFOS consensus statement
Authors: Saibene Alberto Maria , Allevi Fabiana , Calvo‐Henriquez Christian , Dauby Nicolas , Dondossola Daniele , Hervochon Rémi , Lechien Jérome R. , Lobo‐Duro David , Locatello Luca Giovanni , Maniaci Antonino , Mannelli Giuditta , Mayo‐Yáñez Miguel , Maza‐Solano Juan , Radulesco Thomas , Tan Neil , Tincati Camilla , Tucciarone Manuel , Vaira Luigi Angelo , Sowerby Leigh
Published: September 2022

Background

Paranasal sinus fungus balls (PSFB) are a common form of surgically treatable, noninvasive mycosis. To date, no guidelines have standardized PSFB treatment or management of difficult cases (eg, immunocompromised or fragile patients). The clinical consensus statement presented herein aims to provide a comprehensive management guide to PSFB based on current evidence.

Methods

A multidisciplinary, international panel of 19 specialists judged statements in 3 rounds of a modified Delphi method survey. Statements encompassed the following PSFB management issues: definition, diagnostic workup; treatment indications and modalities; and follow‐up. Otolaryngologists, maxillofacial surgeons, infectious disease specialists, and transplant physicians were considered the target audience.

Results

Among the 23 statements, 7 reached strong consensus and 16 reached consensus. Consensus was reached on the definition, diagnosis, and treatment modalities for PSFB. Postoperative follow‐up modalities and scenarios with bacterial superinfection were the most debated issues.

Conclusion

Until further data are available, these points provide a framework for the management of PSFB. Moreover, PSFB should be considered a noninvasive mycosis that is not necessarily symptomatic or related to odontogenic conditions. Although diagnosis may be incidental, endoscopy and single imaging (computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, with distinctive features) are required for diagnosis, whereas contrast medium would allow for differential diagnosis. Although treatment of PSFB should be considered mandatory before sinus augmentation and is recommended for symptomatic patients, immunosuppressed patients, or patients with planned immunosuppression, watchful waiting could be considered for asymptomatic patients with chronic rhinosinusitis who are provided with appropriate advice and assessment.
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic and subsequent social restrictions on ambulance calls for suicidal and nonsuicidal self‐harm: a population‐based study in Osaka prefecture, Japan
Authors: Nakao Shunichiro , Katayama Yusuke , Tanaka Kenta , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Hirose Tomoya , Tachino Jotaro , Iwami Taku , Shimazu Takeshi , Oda Jun , Matsuoka Tetsuya
Published: September 2022

Aim

Self‐harm is a common ambulance call and is potentially affected by the COVID‐19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the incidence of ambulance transport due to self‐harm increased in 2020.

Methods

We undertook a population‐based observational study using a database from the Osaka prefectural government. Ambulance transport of patients due to self‐harm from 2016 through 2020 was investigated. We estimated adjusted incidence rate ratios using a Poisson regression model to compare the annual incidence rates of ambulance transport in 2017–2020 with those in 2016. We also provided age‐stratified analysis.

Results

We analyzed 13,648 patients. There was no difference in the incidence of ambulance transport due to self‐harm in 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2020 compared with 2016. In the age group of 20–29 years, despite no difference in 2017–2019 compared with 2016, we found a 13.8% increase in the incidence of ambulance transport due to self‐harm in 2020 (adjusted incidence rate ratio, 1.138; 95% confidence interval, 1.025–1.265).

Conclusions

Although there was no difference in the incidence of ambulance transport due to self‐harm in 2017–2019, that in 2020 increased in the age group of 20–29 years.
Core‐Shell ZnO@Microporous Organic Polymer Nanospheres as Enhanced Piezo‐Triboelectric Energy Harvesting Materials
Authors: Kang Chang Wan , Lee Dong‐Min , Park Jina , Bang Sohee , Kim Sang‐Woo , Son Seung Uk
Published: September 2022

Core‐shell nanospheres were prepared by the homogeneous coating of piezoelectric ZnO nanorod aggregates with triboelectric microporous organic polymer (MOP). The small energy harvesting performance of ZnO@MOP was significantly enhanced, compared with those of ZnO and MOP, due to the piezoelectrification‐induced polarization of inner ZnO and the enhanced generation of tribopositive charges of MOP. Piezo‐triboelectric nanogenerators (PTENGs) fabricated with ZnO@MOP showed peak‐to‐peak voltages of up to 534 V and a maximum power density of 1.19 mW cm−2. In addition, the PTENGs showed excellent durability for 30 000 cycles, demonstrating as efficient power sources for charging electrolytic capacitors and for operating 200 green light emitting diode bulbs.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic [4+2] Cycloaddition of Allene‐1,3‐Dienes
Authors: Han Yulin , Qin Anni , Zhang Qian , Zhang Xue , Qian Hui , Ma Shengming
Published: September 2022

Rh‐catalyzed dynamic kinetic intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition reaction of 1,3‐disubstituted allene‐1,3‐dienes afforded cis‐fused [4.3.0]bicyclic products with an excellent chemo‐, diastereo‐, and enantio‐selectivity. Many synthetically useful functional groups are tolerated. The synthetic utility has been demonstrated. Based on the careful experimental studies, a mechanism involving the rapid racemization of the allene moiety in the starting materials has been proposed.
Benzo‐γ‐pyrone‐based diorganotin (IV) chelates as fluorescent probes for the detection of picric acid from soil and aqueous samples
Authors: Kaur Kulwinder , Gupta Harshita , Singh Raghubir , Kaur Varinder , Capalash Neena
Published: September 2022

Four chelates of diorganotin (IV) from benzo‐γ‐pyrone ligands have been derived and their structural features are investigated. Benzo‐γ‐pyrone ligands (L1–L2) behave as bidentate chelating agents and form [L2SnR2] type of chelates (1–4; where L = ligand, R = C4H9, CH3) with “skew‐trapezoidal bipyramidal” arrangement. The fluorescent nature, electron‐rich sites, and photostability of the test diorganotin (IV) chelate 1 make it a suitable probe for the recognition of picric acid (PA). The optimized analytical protocol demonstrates the detection limit of 45.19 nM of PA with a linear range of 0.49–12.66 μM and a quick response time of 10 s. Moreover, soil and aqueous sample analysis along with fabrication of SiO2@Al strips for the visual response display the real‐time application of the synthesized chelate. The high recovery rate of 92.5% to 100.4% with significant precision of 0.36%–3.63% in real samples makes the probe a good chemosensor for the PA. Further stability of the synthesized compounds in water explored the tendency of the probe to detect PA in real aqueous samples.
Lip service: Histological phenotypes correlate with diet and feeding ecology in herbivorous pacus
Authors: Cohen Karly E. , Lucanus Oliver , Summers Adam P. , Kolmann Matthew A.
Published: September 2022

Complex prey processing requires the repositioning of food between the teeth, as modulated by a soft tissue appendage like a tongue or lips. In this study, we trace the evolution of lips and ligaments, which are used during prey capture and prey processing in an herbivorous group of fishes. Pacus (Serrasalmidae) are Neotropical freshwater fishes that feed on leaves, fruits, and seeds. These prey are hard or tough, require high forces to fracture, contain abrasive or caustic elements, or deform considerably before failure. Pacus are gape‐limited and do not have the pharyngeal jaws many bony fishes use to dismantle and/or transport prey. Despite their gape limitation, pacus feed on prey larger than their mouths, relying on robust teeth and a hypertrophied lower lip for manipulation and breakdown of food. We used histology to compare the lip morphology across 14 species of pacus and piranhas to better understand this soft tissue. We found that frugivorous pacus have larger, more complex lips which are innervated and folded at their surface, while grazing species have callused, mucus‐covered lips. Unlike mammalian lips or tongues, pacu lips lack any intrinsic skeletal or smooth muscle. This implies that pacu lips lack dexterity; however, we found a novel connection to the primordial ligament which suggests that the lips are actuated by the jaw adductors. We propose that pacus combine hydraulic repositioning of prey inside the buccal cavity with direct oral manipulation, the latter using a combination of a morphologically heterodont dentition and compliant lips for reorienting food.
Experimentelle und numerische Untersuchungen zu Zwangkräften aus Temperaturdifferenzen
Authors: Walsemann Clara , Albert Andrej , Mark Peter
Published: September 2022

Für eine sichere und wirtschaftliche Bemessung von zwangbeanspruchten Stahlbetonbauteilen ist eine realistische Abschätzung der Zwangkraft von großer Bedeutung. Frühere Arbeiten legen nahe, dass hierbei unterschieden werden sollte, ob Betonschwinden oder eine Temperaturdifferenz die Ursache der Zwangbeanspruchung darstellt. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden Untersuchungen beschrieben, bei denen beidseitig gehaltene Stahlbetonstäbe unter gleichförmigen Temperaturdifferenzen von bis zu 70 K experimentell untersucht wurden. Die sich einstellende Rissbildung sowie dazu korrespondierende Kräfte werden herausgearbeitet, mit Ergebnissen aus numerischen Simulationsrechnungen verglichen und dabei erweitert um die Variation von Längsbewehrungsgrad, Betonzugfestigkeit und Behinderungsgrad. Die deutlichen Unterschiede des Tragverhaltens gegenüber Bauteilen, die Zwang infolge von Schwinden ausgesetzt sind, werden bestätigt. Zudem zeigt sich, dass das abgeschlossene Rissbild des jeweiligen Bauteils bereits bei deutlich geringeren Dehnungen als 0,8 ‰ erreicht werden kann. Das übliche Vorgehen bei einer kombinierten Beanspruchung aus Last und Zwang, bei dem die Bemessung für beide Beanspruchungsarten getrennt erfolgt und dann der größere der beiden ermittelten Bewehrungsquerschnitte vorgesehen wird, kann z. T. deutlich auf der unsicheren Seite liegen.
Genetic ancestry, differential gene expression, and survival in pediatric B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Barragan Freddy A. , Mills Lauren J. , Raduski Andrew R. , Marcotte Erin L. , Grinde Kelsey E. , Spector Logan G. , Williams Lindsay A.
Published: September 2022

Background

Black children have lower incidence yet worse survival than White and Latinx children with B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL). It is unclear how reported race/ethnicity (RRE) is associated with death in B‐ALL after accounting for differentially expressed genes associated with genetic ancestry.

Methods

Using Phase 1 and 2 NCI TARGET B‐ALL cases (N = 273; RRE‐Black = 21, RRE‐White = 162, RRE‐Latinx = 69, RRE‐Other = 9, RRE‐Unknown = 12), we estimated proportions of African (AFR), European (EUR), and Amerindian (AMR) genetic ancestry. We estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) between ancestry and death while adjusting for RRE and clinical measures. We identified genes associated with genetic ancestry and adjusted for them in RRE and death associations.

Results

Genetic ancestry varied within RRE (RRE‐Black, AFR proportion: Mean: 78.5%, Range: 38.2%–93.6%; RRE‐White, EUR proportion: Mean: 94%, Range: 1.6%–99.9%; RRE‐Latinx, AMR proportion: Mean: 52.0%, Range: 1.2%–98.7%). We identified 10, 1, and 6 differentially expressed genes (padjusted <0.05) associated with AFR, AMR, and EUR ancestry proportion, respectively. We found AMR and AFR ancestry were statistically significantly associated with death (AMR each 10% HR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.03–1.17, AFR each 10% increase HR: 1.03, 95% CI:1.01–1.19). RRE differences in the risk of death were larger in magnitude upon adjustment for genes associated with genetic ancestry for RRE‐Black, but not RRE‐Latinx children (RRE‐Black HR: 3.35, 95% CI: 1.31, 8.53; RRE‐Latinx HR: 1.47, 0.88–2.45).

Conclusions

Our work highlights B‐ALL survival differences by RRE after adjusting for ancestry differentially expressed genes suggesting other factors impacting survival are important.
Evaluation of different scoring systems for spinal metastases based on a Chinese cohort
Authors: Li Zhehuang , Guo Liangyu , Guo Bairu , Zhang Peng , Wang Jiaqiang , Wang Xin , Yao Weitao
Published: September 2022

Introductions

The spine is one of the most common sites of metastasis for malignancies. This study aimed to compare the predictive performance of seven commonly used prognostic scoring systems for surgically treated spine metastases. It is expected to assist surgeons in selecting appropriate scoring systems to support clinical decision‐making and better inform patients.

Methods

We performed a retrospective study involving 268 surgically treated patients with spine metastases between 2017 and 2020 at a single regional oncology center in China. The revised Tokuhashi, Tomita, modified Bauer, revised Katagiri, van der Linden, Skeletal Oncology Research Group (SORG) nomogram, and SORG machine‐learning (ML) scoring systems were externally validated. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate sensitivity and specificity at different postoperative time points. The actual survival time was compared with the reference survival time provided in the original publication.

Results

In the present study, the median survival was 16.6 months. The SORG ML scoring system demonstrated the highest accuracy in predicting 90‐day (AUC: 0.743) and 1‐year survival (AUC: 0.787). The revised Katagiri demonstrated the highest accuracy (AUC: 0.761) in predicting 180‐day survival. The revised Katagiri demonstrated the highest accuracy (AUC: 0.779) in predicting 2‐year survival. Based on this series, the actual life expectancy was underestimated compared with the original reference survival time.

Conclusions

None of the scoring systems can perform optimally at all time points and for all pathology types, and the reference survival times provided in the original study need to be updated. A cautious awareness of the underestimation by these models is of paramount importance in relation to current patients.
Pemigatinib in previously treated Chinese patients with locally advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma carryingFGFR2fusions or rearrangements: A phaseIIstudy
Authors: Shi Guo‐Ming , Huang Xiao‐Yong , Wen Tian‐Fu , Song Tian‐Qiang , Kuang Ming , Mou Hai‐Bo , Bao Le‐Qun , Zhao Hai‐Tao , Zhao Hong , Feng Xie‐Lin , Zhang Bi‐Xiang , Peng Tao , Zhang Yu‐Bao , Li Xiang‐Cheng , Yu Hong‐Sheng , Cao Yu , Liu Lian‐Xin , Zhang Ti , Wang Wei‐Lin , Ran Jiang‐Hua , Liu Ying‐Bin , Gong Wei , Chen Ming‐Xia , Cao Lian , Luo Yang , Wang Yan , Zhou Hui , Yang Guo‐Huan , Fan Jia , Zhou Jian
Published: September 2022

Objective

This study evaluated the antitumor activity and safety of pemigatinib in previously treated Chinese patients with advanced cholangiocarcinoma and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) fusions or rearrangements.

Background

Pemigatinib provided clinical benefits for previously treated patients with cholangiocarcinoma carryingFGFR2fusions or rearrangements and was approved for this indication in multiple countries.

Methods

In this ongoing, multicenter, single‐arm, phase II study, adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma carrying centrally confirmedFGFR2fusions or rearrangements who had progressed on ≥1 systemic therapy received 13.5 mg oral pemigatinib once daily (3‐week cycle; 2 weeks on, 1 week off) until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or consent withdrawal. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) assessed by an independent radiology review committee.

Results

As of January 29, 2021, 31 patients were enrolled. The median follow‐up was 5.1 months (range, 1.5–9.3). Among 30 patients withFGFR2fusions or rearrangements evaluated for efficacy, 15 patients achieved partial response (ORR, 50.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 31.3–68.7); 15 achieved stable disease, contributing to a disease control rate of 100% (95% CI, 88.4–100). The median time to response was 1.4 months (95% CI, 1.3–1.4), the median duration of response was not reached, and the median progression‐free survival was 6.3 months (95% CI, 4.9–not estimable [NE]). Eight (25.8%) of 31 patients had ≥grade 3 treatment‐emergent adverse events. Hyperphosphatemia, hypophosphatasemia, nail toxicities, and ocular disorders were mostly <grade 3, except for 2 events ≥grade 3.

Conclusions

The encouraging antitumor activity and favorable safety profile support the use of pemigatinib as a treatment in previously treated Chinese patients with cholangiocarcinoma andFGFR2rearrangements.
Antiglycation potential of plant based TiO2 nanoparticle in D‐ribose glycated BSA in vitro
Authors: Alenazi Fahaad , Saleem Mohd , Syed Khaja Azharuddin Sajid , Zafar Mubashir , Alharbi Mohammed Salem , Al Hagbani Turki , Khan Mohd Yasir , Ahmad Waseem , Ahmad Saheem
Published: September 2022

Biosynthetic procedure is one of the best alternatives, inexpensive and ecologically sound for the synthesis of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles using a methanolic extract of medicinal plant. The main prospect of this study was to investigate the antiglycation activity of the TiO2 nanoparticles (TNP) prepared by ethanolic leaf extract of the Coleus scutellarioides. In this study, biosynthesized TNP characterized with UV‐Visible spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope. These TNP were further investigated with respect to their antiglycation property and it was checked in the mixture of d‐ribose glycated bovine serum albumin (BSA) by measuring ketoamine, carbonyl content, Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and aggregation of protein instigated by glycation process. The inhibitory effect of TNP to restore the structure of BSA in presence of d‐ribose were also characterize by biophysical techniques mentioned above. Therefore, the findings of this study suggest repurposing of TNP for its antiglycation property that could be helpful in prevention of glycation instigated AGEs formation and structural loss of proteins.
Integrated Ni and Li‐Rich Layered Oxide Cathode Materials for High Voltage Cycling in Rechargeable Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jayamkondan Yuvashri , Adelhelm Philipp , Kumar Nayak Prasant
Published: September 2022

Although the Ni‐rich oxide cathodes possess a high specific capacity above 180 mAh g−1, they suffer from capacity fading upon cycling to above 4.3 V due to their high surface reactivity with the electrolyte, structural layered to rock‐salt phase transformation and development of micro‐cracks. Herewith, the Ni‐rich oxide is integrated with those of Li and Mn‐rich oxides and their electrochemical performance is evaluated in Li half‐cells: LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NMC622), 0.5LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 ⋅ 0.5Li1.2Ni0.16Mn0.56Co0.08O2 (NL5050), and 0.25 LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 ⋅ 0.75 Li1.2Ni0.16Mn0.56Co0.08O2 (NL2575). Interestingly, the resultant integrated 0.5LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 ⋅ 0.5Li1.2Ni0.16Mn0.56Co0.08O2 (NL5050) cathode with an equal molar concentration of Ni and Li‐rich oxides exhibits a specific capacity of about 190 mAh g−1 with a capacity retention of 83 % after 100 cycles at 0.1 C rate. On the other hand, the Ni‐rich oxide alone although exhibits an initial high specific capacity of 200 mAh g−1, it suffers from a low capacity retention of only 35 % after 100 cycles. Thus, this study clearly indicates the benefits of higher cycling stability that results from the integration of Ni‐rich and Li‐rich oxide cathodes. Hence, the current work promotes the high voltage cycling of oxides through the optimization of integrated oxide cathodes, which can provide high capacity and long cycle‐life for Li‐ion batteries.
Concentrated Lithium Dodecyl Sulfate Aqueous Electrolytes: Utilizing Self‐Assembly and Interfacial Adsorption for Aqueous Li‐ion Batteries
Authors: Kondou Shinji , Morinaga Asuka , Hashimoto Kei , Katayama Yu , Dokko Kaoru , Watanabe Masayoshi , Ueno Kazuhide
Published: September 2022

Since aqueous lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) were first proposed, electrolyte design has been intensively studied. We report a simple anionic surfactant, i. e., a lithium dodecyl sulfate (LiDS)‐based aqueous electrolyte, capable of enhancing the Li ion transport properties in the bulk and protecting the electrode at the interface. The self‐assembly of DS anions into micelles effectively limited anion diffusion, enabling nearly single Li‐ion conduction in the bulk electrolyte. The interfacial adsorption of DS molecules formed a hydrophobic layer at the electrolyte/electrode interface under the electric field of the electric double layer, excluding water molecules from the interface. Consequently, the electrochemical window of the aqueous electrolyte was expanded to 3.0 V. This electrolyte improved the cycle performance and rate capability of the LiFePO4/LiTi2(PO4)3full‐cell compared to a 1.0 mol dm−3Li2SO4/H2O reference electrolyte. These results provide a new twist in the design of liquid electrolytes for aqueous LIBs.
Inducing Propeller Chirality in Triaryl Boranes with Chiral Amines
Authors: Kemper Michael , Reese Sven , Engelage Elric , Merten Christian
Published: September 2022

Stabilization of chiral propeller conformations in triaryl compounds is challenging due to generally low racemization barriers. Nonetheless, it was recently found that chiral conformational preferences can be induced to triaryl boranes by incorporating point‐chiral alkylether chains to the aryl blades and subsequently locking the structure with ammonia. A four‐point interaction, meaning that the cooperative effects of Lewis‐adduct formation and three hydrogen bonds, was proposed as stabilizing mechanism. Herein, it was shown that three such strong interactions suffice to introduce a preferential propeller handedness. Although DFT calculations predict no noteworthy preferences for either P‐ or M‐chiral propellers for some of the investigated triarylborane–amine adducts that were prepared with chiral primary amines, vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopic characterizations revealed that there is indeed a measurable excess of one propeller handedness. Furthermore, the steric demand of the amine was found to play a key role in the induction process and especially in preventing blade rotations.
Ce cooperated layered double oxide with enhanced base sites activity for the synthesis of polycarbonate diols
Authors: Zhao Kaiyan , Tantai Xiaowei , Sun Yongli , Zhang Luhong , Jiang Bin , Yang Na
Published: September 2022

The development of highly efficient alkaline catalysts with abundant base sites is of paramount importance for the synthesis of polycarbonate diols (PCDLs). And the application of heterogeneous catalysts is an effective strategy to address the effect of residual catalysts on the quality of PCDLs. Here, Ce cooperated layered double oxide (LDO‐Ce) was used as a catalyst for the preparation of PCDLs via transesterification between dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and 1,4‐butanediol (BDO). CO2 temperature‐programmed desorption (CO2‐TPD) profiles demonstrated that the introduction of Ce led to an increase in strong base sites of LDO‐Ce, thus endowing LDO‐Ce with excellent catalytic performance. Besides, LDO‐Ce possessed satisfactory specific surface area and pore size. A possible catalytic mechanism was proposed to illustrate the transesterification process. The effects of the reaction conditions on the hydroxyl value, yield, and BDO conversion were further investigated in detail. The yield of PCDLs with a hydroxyl value of 112.2 mg KOH/g (corresponding to a number average molecular weight [Mn] of 1000 g/mol) was 92.44% under its optimum reaction conditions (w (catalyst) = 0.5%, n(DMC)/n(BDO) = 1.25, T‐transesterification = 130°C, t‐transesterification = 5 h, T‐polycondensation = 170°C, t‐polycondensation = 4 h, P‐polycondensation = 10 kPa). Moreover, LDO‐Ce was easily removed after the transesterification process (Step 1), ensuring the quality of PCDLs, and it was recycled three times without significant loss of catalytic activity.
Optimization of N‐Piperidinyl‐Benzimidazolone Derivatives as Potent and Selective Inhibitors of 8‐Oxo‐Guanine DNA Glycosylase 1
Authors: Wallner Olov , Cázares‐Körner Armando , Scaletti Emma Rose , Masuyer Geoffrey , Bekkhus Tove , Visnes Torkild , Mamonov Kirill , Ortis Florian , Lundbäck Thomas , Volkova Maria , Koolmeister Tobias , Wiita Elisée , Loseva Olga , Pandey Monica , Homan Evert , Benítez‐Buelga Carlos , Davies Jonathan , Scobie Martin , Warpman Berglund Ulrika , Kalderén Christina , Stenmark Pål , Helleday Thomas , Michel Maurice
Published: September 2022

8‐oxo Guanine DNA Glycosylase 1 is the initiating enzyme within base excision repair and removes oxidized guanines from damaged DNA. Since unrepaired 8‐oxoG could lead to G : C→T : A transversion, base removal is of utmost importance for cells to ensure genomic integrity. For cells with elevated levels of reactive oxygen species this dependency is further increased. In the past we and others have validated OGG1 as a target for inhibitors to treat cancer and inflammation. Here, we present the optimization campaign that led to the broadly used tool compound TH5487. Based on results from a small molecule screening campaign, we performed hit to lead expansion and arrived at potent and selective substituted N‐piperidinyl‐benzimidazolones. Using X‐ray crystallography data, we describe the surprising binding mode of the most potent member of the class, TH8535. Here, the N‐Piperidinyl‐linker adopts a chair instead of a boat conformation which was found for weaker analogues. We further demonstrate cellular target engagement and efficacy of TH8535 against a number of cancer cell lines.
Is repeat breast conservation possible for small ipsilateral breast cancer recurrence?
Authors: Li Yong , Li Wei‐wen , Yuan Lin , Xu Bo
Published: September 2022

Background

Most cases of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) after breast‐conserving surgery (BCS) involve small tumors. Although a few guidelines recommend mastectomy, several patients prefer repeat BCS (re‐BCS). This study aimed to compare re‐BCS and mastectomy in terms of prognosis in patients with IBTR and to identify candidates for re‐BCS.

Methods

The data of patients with small IBTR between 1999 and 2015 were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The outcomes of interest were overall survival (OS) and breast cancer–specific survival (BCSS). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models and propensity score matching were applied.

Results

Of the 3648 patients with IBTR, 2831 (77.6%) underwent mastectomy and 817 (22.4%) underwent re‐BCS. The multivariate Cox model showed that re‐BCS was associated with a worse OS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.342; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.084–1.663) and BCSS (HR, 1.454; 95% CI, 1.004–2.105) compared with mastectomy. The omission of radiation after re‐BCS was associated with worse survival overall and especially in patients with estrogen receptor (ER)‐negative IBTR (HR, 1.384; 95% CI, 1.110–1.724; and HR, 1.577; 95% CI, 1.075–2.314, respectively). No statistically significant differences were observed in the OS and BCSS between re‐BCS with radiation and mastectomy. Subgroup analysis indicated that the surgical approach was not an independent factor for survival in the ER‐positive patients with IBTR.

Conclusions

Re‐BCS should be considered with caution in patients with small IBTR. However, a positive ER status can be an important factor for choosing re‐BCS, and radiation therapy may improve oncological safety after re‐BCS.

Lay summary

Repeat breast‐conserving surgery (re‐BCS) was investigated to determine if it is safe for patients with small ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) after breast‐conserving surgery (BCS).

This population‐based cohort study included 2831 patients with small IBTR. Re‐BCS was associated with a worse overall survival and breast cancer–specific survival compared with mastectomy.

Further analysis found that the IBTR estrogen receptor status was an important basis for choosing re‐BCS, and radiation may improve oncological safety after re‐BCS.
Heterostructure Induced S p‐Band Center Shift for Activating 1T‐MoS2 Basal Plane towards Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wang Kaiwen , Xu Shaonan , Yu Kaifeng , Liu Zhipeng , Yuan Shisheng , Xiang Lijuan , Zhang Yuanhao , Li Nan
Published: September 2022

Despite the benefits of metallic conductivity and highly active edge Mo sites of 1T phase molybdenum disulfide (1T‐MoS2) as an electrocatalyst, its overall catalytic efficiency for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is still limited by the less active S sites on the basal plane with a considerable positive ΔGH*. As a result, activating the basal plane S atoms is a viable solution for increasing catalytic activity. In this work, we modulated the electronic structure of 1T‐MoS2 by constructing a heterostructure with CoS2 nanoparticles deposited on the 1T‐MoS2 basal plane. This heterostructure demonstrated excellent HER activity as well as robust stability. Theoretical calculations indicate that the bridge S atoms connecting 1T‐MoS2 and CoS2 have an up‐shifted p‐band center relative to the S atoms on the basal plane, so the ΔGH* of the bridge S atoms is optimized to thermal neutrality and the 1T‐MoS2 basal plane is activated with enhanced hydrogen evolution activity. This work provides a novel strategy for activating the basal plane S atoms of 1T‐MoS2.
Activation and Conversion of Molecular Nitrogen to the Precursor of Ammonia on Silicon Substituted Cyclo[18]Carbon: a DFT Design
Authors: Sen Sobitri , Bag Arijit , Pal Sourav
Published: September 2022

Recent synthesis of sp‐hybridized cyclo[18]carbon allotrope has attracted immense curiosity. Since then, a generous amount of theoretical studies concerning aromaticity, adsorption, and spectra of the molecule have been performed. However, very few stuides have been carried out concerning its reactivities and catalytic behaviour. In this article, a DFT‐based inquisition has been reported regarding the reactivity of Si substituted cyclo[18]carbon molecule towards molecular N2. Results show that the Si substituted derivative is effective in producing adducts with molecular nitrogen. Charge calculations and IRC trapping methods indicate that only the Si center of C17Si and its (HOMO‐1) level participate in N2 addition. The N‐adduct so formed, is then found to spontaneously react with molecular H2. The addition of two H2 molecules to the activated nitrogen molecule to give respective amine derivatives have also been studied. The successful generation of the precursor of NH3 by C17Si lays a clear emphasis on its potentiality.
Plasmid‐Based Donor Templates for Nonviral CRISPR/Cas9‐Mediated Gene Knock‐In in Human T Cells
Authors: Senger Kate , Akhmetzyanova Ilseyar , Haley Benjamin , Rutz Sascha , Oh Soyoung A.
Published: September 2022

Effective and precise gene editing of T lymphocytes is critical for advancing the understanding of T cell biology and the development of next‐generation cellular therapies. Although methods for effective CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated gene knock‐out in primary human T cells have been developed, complementary techniques for nonviral gene knock‐in can be cumbersome and inefficient. Here, we report a simple and efficient method for nonviral CRISPR/Cas9‐based gene knock‐in utilizing plasmid‐based donor DNA templates. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Purification of human CD4+ or CD8+ T cells from blood

Basic Protocol 2: Activation of purified CD4+ or CD8+ T cells using TransAct CD3/CD28 agonist‐conjugated nanomatrix

Basic Protocol 3: Preparation of Cas9/sgRNA RNPs

Basic Protocol 4: Transfection of CAS9‐RNP and knock‐in template into human T cells

Support Protocol 1: Purity check following magnetic T cell isolation

Support Protocol 2: Dextramer staining of TCR‐edited T cells

Support Protocol 3: Functional characterization of TCR knock‐in T cells

Support Protocol 4: Detection of knock‐in reporter activity in CRISPR/CAS9‐edited T cells
Impact of global warming on weight in patients with heart failure during the 2019 heatwave in France
Authors: Roubille François , Matzner‐Lober Eric , Aguilhon Sylvain , Rene Max , Lecourt Laurent , Galinier Michel , Ricci Jean‐Etienne , Molinari Nicolas
Published: September 2022

Heatwaves affect human health and should be more and more frequent because of global warming and could lead to increase mortality in general population, especially regarding cardiovascular mortality. During the summer 2019, Europe experienced a strong episode of heatwave. Telemonitoring of patients with heart failure (HF) provide an elegant tool to monitor closely the weights, and we assumed to be able to assess our hypothesis through a nationwide telemonitoring system. Here, we hypothesize that (i) there will be a change in patients' weight during the heatwave and (ii) that the telemonitoring would enable us to follow these changes. The change in weight would be a surrogate for clinical worsening (with or without decompensated HF). Briefly, 1420 patients with a median age of 73.0 years and mean weight of 78.1 kg have been included in this analysis. The relationship between temperature and weight is very strong (P < 10−7). The magnitude of the effect seems clinically relevant with a variation of 1.5 kg during a short period. This could expose patients to increased symptoms, HF decompensations, and poor outcomes. These results suggest a new way to implement weight telemonitoring in HF. This suggests also a direct impact of global warming on Human health, with acute episodes that are expected to occur more often, threatening patients with chronic diseases, especially patients with heart failure. In clinical practice, this urges to take into consideration the episodes of extreme heatwave and suggest that we have already useful tools including telemonitoring available in frail patients.
Numerical Investigation of Compressive Stress and Wettability Effects on Fluid Transport in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Porous Layers
Authors: Bao Yanyao , Wang Zhongzheng , Gan Yixiang
Published: September 2022

The performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is greatly influenced by the residual water content generated during the cell operation. A comprehensive understanding of water management at the interfacial regions of PEMFC components is critical for elevating the efficiency of PEMFCs. Herein, the liquid transport and accumulation at the interfacial region of 2D microporous layer (MPL) and catalyst layer (CL) are investigated numerically, considering the effects of compression stress, porosity, and wettability. The numerical scheme is assembled by finite element method (for interfacial contact mechanics) and lattice Boltzmann method (for multiphase flow and permeability calculation). Different levels of compression stress derived from fuel cell assembly pressure are applied on the MPL/CL components, which consequently lead to variations in the pore size distribution and porosity change of the MPL/CL. The results highlight the importance of considering porosity change in the compression process, where increasing compression stress significantly decreases the liquid saturation in the MPL and interfacial gap region. Additionally, strong hydrophobicity can alleviate the heterogeneity of liquid accumulation at the MPL/CL interfacial region. The liquid and gas relative permeability are also investigated to assess the liquid drainage and fuel supply efficiency with different compression stress.
Numerical investigation of mixed convection and entropy production of nanofluid flow in a corrugated channel using a two‐phase mixture model
Authors: Mezaache Abderrahmane , Louhichi Khaled , Bessaïh Rachid
Published: September 2022

The two‐dimensional mixed convection in a horizontal sinusoidal corrugated channel (CC) is investigated. The two‐phase mixture model (2PMM) is implemented in Ansys Fluent software to simulate the nanofluid (NF) flow. The mathematical formulation of the 2PMM shows the limitation of the single‐phase mixture model linked to the absence of the slip particle‐fluid velocity and, consequently, the parameters that depend on this factor, particularly the diffusion and the drag coefficients. The laminar mixed convection regime is studied, where the NF copper–water is considered under a uniform temperature wall. The simulation results agree with three published works on mixed laminar convection and forced laminar convection in horizontal CC. The effects of nanoparticles volume fraction (ϕ), Richardson number (Ri), wavelength (λ), and wave amplitude (α) are investigated. The results showed that for a mixed flow, the improvement of heat transfer in a horizontal CC could essentially be obtained for a low Ri, where for a given λ, the submits an apparent increase with the increase of λ, that is, for Ri = 0.05 (λ = 3, α = 0.3, ϕ = 3%), the enhancement is 29.7% for and 128.5% for average entropy production compared to the smooth channel. The effect of ϕ on or is weakly dependent on Ri. The use of a Cu–water NF with a volume fraction of 5% (α = 0.2, λ = 2) leads to an increase in the of 17.6% for Ri = 0.05 and 16.4% for Ri = 10 compared to conventional water fluid.
Prevention of pre‐eclampsia with aspirin: A systematic review of guidelines and evaluation of the quality of recommendation evidence
Authors: Ninan Kiran , Ali Rifaa , Morfaw Frederick , McDonald Sarah D.
Published: September 2022

Background

Evidence has shown significant benefits of aspirin for preventing pre‐eclampsia.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to systematically review recommendations from clinical practice guidelines and other recommendation documents on aspirin for the prevention of pre‐eclampsia.

Search strategy

Ten databases were searched for statements from December 1, 2013, to January 1, 2022.

Selection criteria

Without language restrictions, the most recent version of documents was considered.

Data collection and analysis

Two authors independently extracted recommendations. Guideline quality was assessed using a modified AGREE‐II instrument and the AGREE‐REX tool.

Main results

Out of 48 statements on the prevention of pre‐eclampsia, 46 had recommendations on use of aspirin. Of them, 39 were supported by evidence from systematic reviews or randomized controlled trials. Three statements reported aspirin's significant reductions in preterm pre‐eclampsia and one in perinatal death. Concerning quality, 41% of statements were rated as high quality in all domains of the AGREE‐II tool, 15% were rated high quality in all domains of the AGREE‐REX tool, and 11% were rated high quality in all domains on both tools.

Conclusions

While 96% of statements advocated for use of aspirin, only 9% reported a significant reduction in preterm pre‐eclampsia or perinatal death. Based on the AGREE tools, future statements could use methodological improvement.
Cover Image
Authors: Baba Hiromi , Urano Ryo , Nagai Tetsuro , Okazaki Susumu
Published: September 2022

The cover image is based on the Research Article Prediction of self‐diffusion coefficients of chemically diverse pure liquids by all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations by Hiromi Baba et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/jcc.26975

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Bacteriophages pass through candle‐shaped porous ceramic filters: Application for the collection of viruses in soil water
Authors: Florent Perrine , Cauchie Henry‐Michel , Herold Malte , Ogorzaly Leslie
Published: September 2022

Despite the ubiquity of viruses in soils, their diversity in soil water has not been explored, mainly due to the difficulty of collecting them. In hydrology, soil water is usually collected using porous candles. This study proposes using these porous candles as a new tool for sampling viruses in soil water to analyze their passage through the ceramic part of the candles. The recovery of the viruses was determined after filtration under laboratory conditions using three model bacteriophages (MS2, ΦX174, and Φ6) and Escherichia coli, at neutral and acidic pH. Then, a field experiment was carried out where soil water filtration and viral identification by metagenomic shotgun were performed. At neutral pH, all bacteriophages tested successfully passed through the porous candles during the filtration process, with reductions of 0.02 log, 0.16 log, and 0.55 log for MS2 ΦX174 and Φ6, respectively. At pH 4.4, the passage of MS2 was not affected while ΦX174 underwent a slight reduction in recovery, probably caused by adsorption onto the filter material. Regarding the application of the porous candles in the field, the results obtained allowed the successful recovery of viruses, exposing porous candles as a new method suitable for the collection of viruses from soil water in the context of the study of viral communities.
Ulam–Hyers stability of pantograph fractional stochastic differential equations
Authors: Mchiri Lassaad , Ben Makhlouf Abdellatif , Rguigui Hafedh
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we investigate the existence and uniqueness theorem (EUT) of Pantograph fractional stochastic differential equations (PFSDE) using the Banach fixed point theorem (BFPT). We show the Ulam–Hyers stability (UHS) of PFSDE by the generalized Gronwall inequalities (GGI). We illustrate our results by two examples.
A familial case of B‐cell expansion with NF‐κB and T‐cell anergy caused by a G123D heterozygous missense mutation in the CARD11 gene
Authors: Takase Yusuke , Tanioka Shinji , Ishimura Masataka , Yoshiura Koh‐ichiro , Mori Yasuo , Sakaida Emiko , Funakoshi Yasutomo , Moriuchi Hiroyuki
Published: September 2022

B‐cell expansion with NF‐κB (nuclear factor‐kappa B) and T‐cell anergy (BENTA) is a rare congenital lymphoproliferative disorder caused by germline gain‐of‐function mutations in the CARD11 gene. We herein report a familial case of BENTA due to a G123D heterozygous missense mutation in CARD11 inherited by a male from his mother. The mother's clinical course was characterized by polyarthritis and encephalitis in young adulthood, suggesting that autoimmune‐like manifestations can occur in BENTA. The B‐cell lymphocytosis and splenomegaly seen in her child have been managed with prednisolone and tacrolimus. Further investigations are needed to evaluate the efficacy of calcineurin inhibitors for BENTA.
Amsacrine combined with etoposide and methylprednisolone is a feasible and safe component in first‐line intensified treatment of pediatric patients with high‐risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia in CoALL08‐09 trial
Authors: Mezger Kerstin , Ebert Sabine , Muhle Hannah Elisa , Stadt Udo zur , Borkhardt Arndt , Dilloo Dagmar , Faber Jörg , Feuchtinger Tobias , Imschweiler Thomas , Jorch Norbert , Pekrun Arnulf , Schmid Irene , Schramm Franziska , Zimmermann Martin , Horstmann Martin A , Escherich Gabriele
Published: September 2022

Background

The prognosis of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has improved considerably over the past five decades. However, to achieve cure in patients with refractory or relapsed disease, novel treatment options are necessary.

Methods

In the multicenter trial Cooperative Study Group for Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (CoALL)08‐09, one additional treatment element consisting of the rarely used chemotherapeutic agent amsacrine combined with etoposide and methylprednisolone (AEP) (amsacrine 2 × 100 mg/m2, etoposide 2 × 500 mg/m2, and methylprednisolone 4 × 1000 mg/m2) was incorporated into the first‐line treatment of pediatric patients with poor treatment responses at the end of induction (EOI), measured by minimal residual disease (MRD). These patients were stratified into a high‐risk intensified arm (HR‐I), including an AEP element at the end of consolidation. Patients with induction failure (IF), that is, with lack of cytomorphological remission EOI, were eligible for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) after remission had been reached. These patients received AEP as a part of their MRD‐guided bridging‐to‐transplant treatments.

Results

A significant improvement in probability of overall survival (pOS) was noted for the CoALL08‐09 HR‐I patients compared to MRD‐matched patients from the preceding CoALL07‐03 trial in the absence of severe or persistent treatment‐related toxicities. Relapse rate and probability of event‐free survival (pEFS) did not differ significantly between trials. In patients with IF, stable or improved MRD responses after AEP were observed without severe or persistent treatment‐related toxicities.

Conclusion

In conclusion, AEP is well tolerated as a component of the HR treatment and is useful in bridging‐to‐transplant settings.
Investigation on electromagnetic shielding and mechanical properties of zirconia graded carbon fiber/epoxy nanocomposite
Authors: Parameswarreddy Gandluri , Vinayakumar Asapu , Subramanian Venkatachalam , Sarathi Ramanujam
Published: September 2022

The present study is on the fabrication of epoxy nanocomposites for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding in the X‐band and Ku‐band frequency range. Single‐layer unidirectional carbon fiber along with nano zirconia is used to achieve the required EMI shielding and mechanical strength. The microstructural study of the fabricated samples has revealed the good lamination of carbon fiber in epoxy matrix and the uniform dispersion nanoparticles provide a reduction of wettability. Dielectric parameter studies indicate an increase in permittivity and dielectric loss with the addition of zirconia nanoparticles. The shielding effectiveness (SE) shows as high as 25 dB when the electric field is parallel with the carbon fiber orientation. The addition of zirconia nanoparticles to the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite have enhanced the ability of microwave absorption shielding. Mechanical properties of the epoxy carbon fiber nano zirconia composites show an improvement in storage modules, activation energy, and impact resistance. It is realized that 3 wt% zirconia added epoxy carbon fiber composite shows high shielding effectiveness with good mechanical properties.