bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The “Work” of Workplace Mental Health
Authors: Malachowski Cindy K. , Boydell Katherine , Sawchuk Peter , Kirsh Bonnie
Published: April 2016

This article employs institutional ethnography (IE) inclusive of its distinctive epistemological stance to elucidate the institutional organization of the everyday work experience of the employee living with self-reported depression. The study was conducted within a large industrial manufacturing plant in Ontario, Canada. We discuss three institutionally organized processes that play a dominant role in coordinating the experiences of employees with self-reported depression: (1) employees’ work of managing and negotiating episodes of depression, (2) managers’ administrative work of maintaining privacy and confidentiality, and (3) the administrative work of authorizing illness. We shed light on how confidential medicalized disability management programs render managers ill prepared and inadequately trained to provide mental health support to their employees. Our findings inform advocacy efforts and facilitate both organizational and policy change to enhance services and supports for employees.
CRTC1 gene is differentially methylated in the human hippocampus in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Mendioroz Maite , Celarain Naiara , Altuna Miren , Sánchez-Ruiz de Gordoa Javier , Zelaya María Victoria , Roldán Miren , Rubio Idoya , Larumbe Rosa , Erro María Elena , Méndez Iván , Echávarri Carmen
Published: April 2016

Background

CRTC1 (CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1) gene plays a role in synaptic plasticity, learning and long-term memory formation in the hippocampus. Recently, CRTC1 has been shown to be downregulated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying CRTC1 dysregulation in AD remain unclear.

Methods

To understand better the epigenetic mechanisms regulating CRTC1 expression that may be altered in AD, we profiled DNA methylation at CpG site resolution by bisulfite cloning sequencing in two promoter regions (referred to as Prom1 and Prom2) of the CRTC1 gene in human hippocampus from controls and AD cases. Next, we correlated DNA methylation levels with AD-related pathology, i.e., β-amyloid and phosphorylated-tau (p-tau) burden and also measured CRTC1 mRNA levels by RT-qPCR.

Results

Methylation levels were lower in AD cases as compared to controls within both promoter regions (Prom1: 0.95 % vs. 5 %, p-value < 0.01 and Prom2: 2.80 % vs. 17.80 %, p-value < 0.001). Interestingly, CRTC1 methylation levels inversely correlated with AD-related neuropathological changes, particularly with p-tau deposition (rSpearman = -0.903, p < 0.001). Moreover, a 1.54-fold decrease in CRTC1 mRNA levels was observed in hippocampus of AD cases compared to controls (p < 0.05) supporting the notion that CRTC1 is downregulated in the AD hippocampus.

Conclusions

DNA methylation levels within two distinct promoter regions of the CRTC1 gene were decreased in human hippocampus affected by AD compared with controls and methylation within Prom1 showed a strong inverse correlation with p-tau deposition. Further studies are guaranteed to elucidate the precise role that CRTC1 methylation plays in AD pathophysiology.
LL-37 stimulates the functions of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells via early growth response 1 and the MAPK pathway
Authors: Yang Yoolhee , Choi Hyunju , Seon Mira , Cho Daeho , Bang Sa Ik
Published: April 2016

Background

LL-37 is a naturally occurring antimicrobial peptide found in the wound bed and assists wound repair. No published study has characterized the role of LL-37 in the function(s) of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). This study investigated the functions of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) activated by LL-37 by performing both in vitro assays with cultured cells and in vivo assays with C57BL/6 mice with hair loss.

Methods

Human ASCs were isolated from healthy donors with written informed consent. To examine the effects of LL-37 on ASC function, cell proliferation and migration were measured by a cell counting kit (CCK-8) and a Transwell migration assay. Early growth response 1 (EGR1) mRNA expression was determined by microarray and real-time PCR analyses. The protein levels of EGR1 and regenerative factors were analyzed by specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and western blotting.

Results

LL-37 treatment enhanced the proliferation and migration of human ASCs expressing formyl peptide receptor like-1. Microarray and real-time PCR data showed that EGR1 expression was rapidly and significantly increased by LL-37 treatment. LL-37 treatment also enhanced the production of EGR1. Moreover, small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of EGR1 inhibited LL-37-enhanced ASC proliferation and migration. Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was essential not only for LL-37-enhanced ASC proliferation and migration but also EGR1 expression; treatment with a specific inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38, or c-Jun N-terminal kinase blocked the stimulatory effect of LL-37. EGR1 has a strong paracrine capability and can influence angiogenic factors in ASCs; therefore, we evaluated the secretion levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, thymosin beta-4, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and stromal cell-derived factor-1. LL-37 treatment increased the secretion of these regenerative factors. Moreover, treatment with the conditioned medium of ASCs pre-activated with LL-37 strongly promoted hair growth in vivo.

Conclusions

These findings show that LL-37 increases EGR1 expression and MAPK activation, and that preconditioning of ASCs with LL-37 has a strong potential to promote hair growth in vivo. This study correlates LL-37 with MSC functions (specifically those of ASCs), including cell expansion, cell migration, and paracrine actions, which may be useful in terms of implantation for tissue regeneration.
Functional imaging for regenerative medicine
Authors: Leahy Martin , Thompson Kerry , Zafar Haroon , Alexandrov Sergey , Foley Mark , O’Flatharta Cathal , Dockery Peter
Published: April 2016

In vivo imaging is a platform technology with the power to put function in its natural structural context. With the drive to translate stem cell therapies into pre-clinical and clinical trials, early selection of the right imaging techniques is paramount to success. There are many instances in regenerative medicine where the biological, biochemical, and biomechanical mechanisms behind the proposed function of stem cell therapies can be elucidated by appropriate imaging. Imaging techniques can be divided according to whether labels are used and as to whether the imaging can be done in vivo.In vivo human imaging places additional restrictions on the imaging tools that can be used. Microscopies and nanoscopies, especially those requiring fluorescent markers, have made an extraordinary impact on discovery at the molecular and cellular level, but due to their very limited ability to focus in the scattering tissues encountered for in vivo applications they are largely confined to superficial imaging applications in research laboratories. Nanoscopy, which has tremendous benefits in resolution, is limited to the near-field (e.g. near-field scanning optical microscope (NSNOM)) or to very high light intensity (e.g. stimulated emission depletion (STED)) or to slow stochastic events (photo-activated localization microscopy (PALM) and stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM)). In all cases, nanoscopy is limited to very superficial applications. Imaging depth may be increased using multiphoton or coherence gating tricks. Scattering dominates the limitation on imaging depth in most tissues and this can be mitigated by the application of optical clearing techniques that can impose mild (e.g. topical application of glycerol) or severe (e.g. CLARITY) changes to the tissue to be imaged. Progression of therapies through to clinical trials requires some thought as to the imaging and sensing modalities that should be used. Smoother progression is facilitated by the use of comparable imaging modalities throughout the discovery and trial phases, giving label-free techniques an advantage wherever they can be used, although this is seldom considered in the early stages. In this paper, we will explore the techniques that have found success in aiding discovery in stem cell therapies and try to predict the likely technologies best suited to translation and future directions.
A dynamic lattice method for elastic seismic modeling in anisotropic media
Authors: Hu Xiaolin , Jia Xiaofeng
Published: April 2016

Basing on a particle network model, we have developed a dynamic lattice approach to simulate seismic wave propagation in transversely isotropic (TI) media with tilted symmetry axis (TTI). Different from other wave-equation-based numerical methods, the dynamic lattice approach calculates the micromechanical interactions between particles in the lattice instead of solving the wave equation. We implement Lagrange’s equations to transform these interactions into elastic forces acting upon each particle. By solving the equations of motion, we obtain the disturbances of particles. Therefore, seismic wave motions in continua are approximated by displacements of these particles. Elastic features of the continuum are represented by properties of the particle lattice, including the physical properties of particles and the micromechanical interactions between particles. In the case of TI media, it is a challenge to find the correct particle lattice model that can reflect the anisotropic nature of TI media. We have determined the theoretical connection between the TI medium and the particle lattice model, allowing us to model elastic seismic waves in heterogeneous TI media. Furthermore, we have linearized the propagator to improve the CPU efficiency of our method for seismic wave simulation. We have applied the method to reverse time migration on a TI model to test its usefulness in complex media imaging.
Selection of Optimal Adjuvant Chemotherapy Regimens for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) –Negative and Adjuvant Targeted Therapy for HER2-Positive Breast Cancers: An American Society of Clinical Oncology Guideline Adaptation of the Cancer Care Ontario Clinical Practice Guideline
Authors: Denduluri Neelima , Somerfield Mark R. , Eisen Andrea , Holloway Jamie N. , Hurria Arti , King Tari A. , Lyman Gary H. , Partridge Ann H. , Telli Melinda L. , Trudeau Maureen E. , Wolff Antonio C.
Published: April 2016

Purpose

A Cancer Care Ontario (CCO) guideline on the selection of optimal adjuvant chemotherapy regimens for early breast cancer including adjuvant targeted therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–positive breast cancers was identified for adaptation.

Methods

The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) has a policy and set of procedures for adapting clinical practice guidelines developed by other organizations. The CCO guideline was reviewed for developmental rigor and content applicability.

Results

On the basis of the content review of the CCO guideline, the ASCO Panel agreed that, in general, the recommendations were clear and thorough and were based on the most relevant scientific evidence, and they presented options that will be acceptable to patients. However, for some topics addressed in the CCO guideline, the ASCO Panel formulated a set of adapted recommendations on the basis of local context and practice beliefs of the Panel members.

Recommendations

Decisions regarding adjuvant chemotherapy regimens should take into account baseline recurrence risk, toxicities, likelihood of benefit, and host factors such as comorbidities. In high-risk HER2-negative populations with excellent performance status, anthracycline- and taxane-containing regimens are the standard of care. Docetaxel and cyclophosphamide for four cycles is an acceptable non-anthracycline regimen. In high-risk HER2-positive disease, sequential anthracycline and taxanes administered concurrently with trastuzumab or docetaxel, carboplatin, and trastuzumab for six cycles are recommended. An alternative regimen in a lower-risk, node-negative, HER2-positive population is paclitaxel and trastuzumab once per week for 12 cycles. Trastuzumab should be given for 1 year. Platinum salts should not be routinely administered in the adjuvant triple-negative population until survival efficacy data become available.
Wnt signaling in cancer stem cells and colon cancer metastasis
Authors: Basu Sayon , Haase Gal , Ben-Ze'ev Avri
Published: April 2016

Overactivation of Wnt signaling is a hallmark of colorectal cancer (CRC). The Wnt pathway is a key regulator of both the early and the later, more invasive, stages of CRC development. In the normal intestine and colon, Wnt signaling controls the homeostasis of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) that fuel, via proliferation, upward movement of progeny cells from the crypt bottom toward the villus and differentiation into all cell types that constitute the intestine. Studies in recent years suggested that cancer stem cells (CSCs), similar to ISCs of the crypts, consist of a small subpopulation of the tumor and are responsible for the initiation and progression of the disease. Although various ISC signature genes were also identified as CRC markers and some of these genes were even demonstrated to have a direct functional role in CRC development, the origin of CSCs and their contribution to cancer progression is still debated. Here, we describe studies supporting a relationship between Wnt-regulated CSCs and the progression of CRC.
Recent advances in understanding and managing cholestasis
Authors: Wagner Martin , Trauner Michael
Published: April 2016

Cholestatic liver diseases are hereditary or acquired disorders with impaired hepatic excretion and enterohepatic circulation of bile acids and other cholephiles. The distinct pathological mechanisms, particularly for the acquired forms of cholestasis, are not fully revealed, but advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms and identification of key regulatory mechanisms of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids have unraveled common and central mechanisms, which can be pharmacologically targeted. This overview focuses on the central roles of farnesoid X receptor, fibroblast growth factor 19, and apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter for the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids and their potential as new drug targets for the treatment of cholestatic liver disease.
Total- and monomethyl-mercury and major ions in coastal California fog water: Results from two years of sampling on land and at sea
Authors: Weiss-Penzias Peter , Coale Kenneth , Heim Wesley , Fernandez Daniel , Oliphant Andrew , Dodge Celeste , Hoskins Dave , Farlin James , Moranville Robert , Olson Alex
Published: April 2016

Marine fog water samples were collected over two summers (2014–2015) with active strand collectors (CASCC) at eight coastal sites from Humboldt to Monterey counties in California, USA, and on four ocean cruises along the California coastline in order to investigate mercury (Hg) cycling at the ocean-atmosphere-land interface. The mean concentration of monomethylmercury (MMHg) in fog water across terrestrial sites for both years was 1.6 ± 1.9 ng L-1 (<0.01–10.4 ng L-1, N = 149), which corresponds to 5.7% (2.0–10.8%) of total Hg (HgT) in fog. Rain water samples from three sites had mean MMHg concentrations of 0.20 ± 0.12 ng L-1 (N = 5) corresponding to 1.4% of HgT. Fog water samples collected at sea had MMHg concentrations of 0.08 ± 0.15 ng L-1 (N = 14) corresponding to 0.4% of HgT. Significantly higher MMHg concentrations in fog were observed at terrestrial sites next to the ocean relative to a site 40 kilometers inland, and the mean difference was 1.6 ng L-1. Using a rate constant for photo-demethylation of MMHg of -0.022 h-1 based on previous demethylation experiments and a coastal-inland fog transport time of 12 hours, a mean difference of only 0.5 ng L-1 of MMHg was predicted between coastal and inland sites, indicating other unknown source and/or sink pathways are important for MMHg in fog. Fog water deposition to a standard passive 1.00 m2 fog collector at six terrestrial sites averaged 0.10 ± 0.07 L m-2 d-1, which was ∼2% of typical rainwater deposition in this area. Mean air-surface fog water fluxes of MMHg and HgT were then calculated to be 34 ± 40 ng m-2 y-1 and 546 ± 581 ng m-2 y-1, respectively. These correspond to 33% and 13% of the rain fluxes, respectively.
Recurrence rate after Delorme’s procedure with simultaneous placement of a Thiersch suture
Authors: Warwick AM , Zimmermann E , Boorman PA , Smart NJ , Gee AS
Published: April 2016

Introduction

Rectal prolapse is a debilitating condition usually affecting elderly women. The management is generally surgical but the optimal operation remains unclear. The recurrence rate after Delorme’s procedure has been found to be similar to that for an abdominal approach. Thiersch sutures have been associated with high rates of complications and recurrence. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of Delorme’s procedure with those of a combined Delorme–Thiersch procedure.

Methods

A retrospective case note review was performed of all patients who underwent Delorme’s procedure for rectal prolapse between 2008 and 2014 in a single centre.

Results

Sixty-seven patients (63 women) underwent Delorme’s procedure during the study period. The majority (85%) of patients were over 75 years old. Twelve patients had a Thiersch suture placed at the time of the procedure. The median length of stay was 3 days (range: 0–19 days). Postoperative bleeding requiring either transfusion or readmission occurred in five patients (7.5%) and two patients (3.0%) were readmitted with pain. There was no difference in the rate of complications regardless of whether a Thiersch suture had been placed. Recurrence occurred in 8.3% of those who had a Thiersch suture compared with 21.8% of those who did not (p=0.26). There was no difference in the median time to recurrence between the groups.

Conclusions

There was no increase in complications after placement of a Thiersch suture with Delorme’s procedure. The rate of recurrence could potentially be decreased with this combined technique. Additional studies are required to investigate this further.
ESTEPA: NUEVAS ESTRATEGIAS PARA ENCANTAR CON LA TIERRA
Authors: Brown Birabén María
Published: April 2016

Pese al trabajo de varias décadas intentando mejorar la reputación de la arquitectura de tierra, sólo un pequeño grupo de la sociedad en su conjunto se ha convencido de sus ventajas; ni siquiera los protagonistas de programas de cooperación al desarrollo se entusiasman ante este material que les es tan conocido. Es preciso revisar los métodos y argumentos que se vienen repitiendo casi inalteradamente, así como los grupos-objetivo de las nuevas estrategias. La Asociación ESTEPA, nacida en la castellana Tierra de Campos con un enfoque multidisciplinar, propone varios programas: con una dinámica hasta ahora exitosa en sus tres ediciones, las “Jornadas Internacionales de Adobe Participativo y Equipamiento Comunitario” son un ejemplo de conjunción entre convivencia intercultural, formación técnica y construcción de un bien público entre participantes de diversos países, edades y profesiones. ESTEPA también ha pensado en los más pequeños, buscando despertar en ellos un temprano interés hacia la tierra y su valor ambiental, energético y patrimonial: “atisbarro”, un espacio donde atisbar el mundo de la tierra desde la experiencia y la ciencia. Más allá de estas actividades formativas, educativas y de difusión cultural, ESTEPA propone a través de su propia investigación científica, la generación de resultados convergentes con los desafíos políticos actuales en materia energética, aumentando la posibilidad de lograr para la tierra el reconocimiento oficial que hasta hoy le es negado como material de construcción en el mundo contemporáneo.
Reseñas
Authors: ALEUA Anales de Literatura Española
Published: April 2016

Reseñas
Los universales del lenguaje: el ciclo transformatorio y la «rule of tree-pruning»
Authors: Crespillo Bellido Manuel
Published: April 2016

The object of this article is to explain, that Transformational Grammars take Linguistic Universals as Grammar Universals. From the point of view of this hypothesis, a discourse identification with its object is implied, and it shows one of the common characteristics of the empirical conception of knowledge, which operates by means of extraction, abstraction and practice techniques, in order to make a distinction between formal and substantive universals. The transformational cycle as a project is devised according to this empirical conception and, consequently, the transformational order does not occur in the reality of language. The Rule of Tree-Pruning bears no connection with reality, since the meta-rule that eliminates those sentences which have not undergone pruning is a mere artefact of Grammar, and not a reflection of the actual organization of language in the human brain. Finally, the Universalist Unitarian Hyphotesis considers as a priori forms both formal and substantive universals, the first being syntactic and the second semantic, the two of them coming from the same source: the Idea. But such forms are not available in language.
¿Quién es nosotros?
Authors: Rivarola Rubio José Luis
Published: April 2016

Starting from the basic oppositions of the personal deixis, we attempt to define the meaning of nosotros (and equivalent pronouns in other languages) through an onomasiological procedure that establishes the possibilities of combining deixis and quantification. This procedure allows one to distinguish clearly the meaning of the pronoun from the potential referents to which it can apply.
Por un modelo de coherencia textual basado en la teoría del framing
Authors: Tonfoni Graziella
Published: April 2016

This paper presents a textual model based on the theory of cognitive frames formulated by Minsky. This theoretical systematization is known as «Frame System Theory» (FST). The theoretical instrumentation of FST has been assumed and applied to the area of textlinguistic communication with the name of «Frame System Theory of Text» (FSTT). The assumption of such a cognitive model, applied especially to the areas of perceptive investigation, proves to be extremely useful and productive in the sector of linguistic perception constituted, in this case, by textual comprehension.
Notas sobre el uso de la retórica en la publicidad televisiva
Authors: Briz Gómez Antonio , Pruñonosa Tomás Manuel , Serra Alegre Enrique N.
Published: April 2016

We intend to reflect on the use of Rhetoric in t.v. advertising starting from the survey of several spots given off by T.V.E. Therefore, we fix the structural organization of advertisements. Afterwards we study the rhetoric of spot in the sound and in the picture and, mainly, ¡n the conjunction of both bands; in this sense spots are normally based on a rhetorical figure that involves both bands. Our observations set up an essentially metaphoric basis to the construction of publicity message. We infer that advertising works with connotative signs, where the assembly of picture and sound tracks becomes the significant of metaphoric meaning that is insinuated.
La noción de atributo en la lingüística española
Authors: Penadés Martínez Inmaculada
Published: April 2016

In this article, the definitions of the attribute, classified within the sphere of Spanish linguistics, are grouped together in three sections: those based on the idea of quality; those based on the attribute, in opposition to the gramatical sense of the linking verb. These definitions are revised critically and, as a result of the problems arising from them, we put forward a definition of the attribute based on our theories. In the second part of the article, the possibility of using proforms of the attribute as criteria for classifying semantically the predicative nucleus of attributive sentences is considered. The third part deals with problems deriving from the interpretation of the infinitive, the participle and the gerund as attributes of one element of the sentence. Finally, we point out the inadequacies of certain classifications of the attribute and conclude by stressing the need for empirical research into the type of sentences which include this syntagmatic function.
Semántica y sintaxis del texto retórico: inventio, dispositio y partes orationis
Authors: Albaladejo Mayordomo Tomás
Published: April 2016

The author deals with the connection between the rhetorical operations inventio and dispositio as well as between semantic and syntax in the production of discourse. Inventio is primarily semantic and secondarily syntactic, and dispositio is primarily syntactic and secondarily semantic. In this theoretical framework, the partes orationis, which concern inventio and dispositio, are a structure semantically and syntactically organized within the basic relationship of extension and intension through the process of intensionalization. This connection is one of the most important foundations of rhetorical text and of literary text as constructions in which the world is linguistically represented.
Valdés y Salinas: dos actitudes frente a la lengua
Authors: Moriyón Mojica Carlos
Published: April 2016

The concern for the problems of language, an obvious inheritance from Quatrocento, reaches its peak with the humanists of the Spanish Renaissance as much within as outside Spain. Juan de Valdés and Miguel Salinas are two of the many academics who, faced with the reality of a living language, are trying to help in the search for concrete answers to the diverse difficulties raised by the early writings of Castilian romance. Historically and linguistically linked, Salinas and Valdés approach romance fully aware of its Latin base but convinced of the need to establish a pattern which allows an appropriate use of this foundation. From the St. Engracia monastery in Zaragoza, and the courtly atmosphere of the great emperor's Italy come two important answers to the problems of the origin of language, and to the setting down of spelling norms which, changing with the passage of time, can in some way reflect the phonetic and phonological modifications which have taken place. Salinas in Spain, and Valdés elsewhere, are two of the most representative figures with regard to the grammatical theory of the Spanish Golden Age. Despite being linked by a common language an period, they are authors with different views, answers and attitudes to the same problem, that of language.
Recensiones
Authors: Estudios de Lingüística ELUA
Published: April 2016

Recenciones.
Hacia un modelo teórico que describa la estructura semántica de los significados denotativos
Authors: Jiménez Ruiz Juan Luis
Published: April 2016

Writing an essay on the problems and methods of semantic analysis is by no means a task whose limits can be easily traced: we could even say that this discipline, recently added up to linguistic science, is still looking for its methodology and its object. This essay, as its title shows, is intended to establish a theory of linguistics about denotative meaning within the context of dialectical analysis of meaning. Meaning is doubtless a complex phenomenon and, when trying to collect data about it, we have to move necessarily within different fields of study. Our essay shows the possible harmony that can exist between linguistic, semantic and symptomatic semantics. It is, first, a study on the different descriptions of denotative meaning. Symptomatic semantics is a study about the explanations of connotative meaning. We think that two perspectives cannot be considered to be opposite directions, but complementary proposals each of which achieves its reason to be in the dialectical model we defend. Here we present the first stage of this process: denotative meaning and the basis for the construction of a theoretical model able describe it within the dialectical framework we support.
El pronombre: dimensión enunciativa
Authors: Fuentes Rodríguez Catalina
Published: April 2016

The pronoun is one of the parts of speech which has been studied from different analytical standpoints. I have attempted to show that the pronoun is a unit whose meaning is esentially pragmatic, i.e. it has discoursive implications. At the syntactic level, it has a replacive function. It can substitute a noun, and adjective, and adverb, or a verb. It is a mechanism of the language-system at the textual level.
Sobre repetición léxica y sintaxis prepositiva
Authors: García-Medall Villanueva Joaquín
Published: April 2016

This study intends to describe the functions of the Spanish structures whose nouns appear repeated and integrated by means of some connecting preposition, for example de casa en casa (Pr+N+Pr+N), entre cigarro y cigarro (Pr+N+cop.+N) or codo con codo (N+Pr+N). Far for confirming fixed schemes, we propose to defend here that there exist very concrete choices of nouns sensitive to this syntactic configuration. They include numerals and continuous nouns referring to parts of the human body, parts of a whole, and place references. Despite the repetition of signs the referential distinction is maintained. In accord with the changes of the next the focus is the number limited to 2, or else an unlimited or presupposed number. But in whatever way indetermined, the said prepositive structures are opposed functionally and semantically to other repetitive structures that are not prepositive. These latter will not be treated in this analysis but nevertheless need a syntax of paratactic coordination and of juxtaposition.
Geografía lingüística y diccionarios
Authors: Navarro Carrasco Ana Isabel
Published: April 2016

Good quality linguistic atlases have been available here in Spain for quite some time now. Therefore, it is high time that good use be made of the material s they offer. If, for example, dialectalisms are included in the Diccionario de la Real Academia Española (Dictionary of the Royal Academy of the Spanish Language), as they indeed are, why are some included while others are not? And what criteria is used in deciding which should be included? At the end of the 20th century, we cannot affor to allow chance or caprice to determine which voices will be included in dictionaries. Today we are fortunate enough to have linguistic atlases in Spain and they should contribute to the process of elaborating lexicographic works. In this paper we will show the frequently missed advantages that linguistic geography offers in areas such as semantics, etymology, lexicology and lexicography among others. In our opinion, linguistic geography is a relatively untapped field in lexicography and it is here where its benefits might be surprising. If we want lexicography studies to be truly rigorous, we have no choice but to make use of linguistic atlases.
Aspectos tipológicos del texto instructivo (a propósito del prospecto para medicamento de uso humano)
Authors: Gómez Sánchez Juan Pedro
Published: April 2016

The present article is a study that aims to characterize the textual structure (macroestructure and superestructure) of the pharmaceutical prospectus, dismantling the textual plan and determining the differentials elements of that kind of instructive text. The configuration of the type and the stablishment of its individuality is based on the integration of criteria and standard elements. This essays shows how the complementary perspectives can explain, with coherence, the outline of the type.
Hacia una caracterización semántica de la terminología lingüística
Authors: Casas Gómez Miguel
Published: April 2016

The main aims of this article are to undertake a study, based upon an analysis of linguistic terms such as moneme, morpheme, semantics, semasiology, onomasiology, signification, etc., of how certain lexical relationships in this terminological field are presented, and to reflect upon the special semantic characteristics of this technical lexicon in relation to the principles which govern other scientific terminologies.
Un fragmento inédito de la lexicografía española del siglo XVIII: el manuscrito 9.423 de la Biblioteca Nacional de Madrid
Authors: Aliaga Jiménez José Luis
Published: April 2016

Manuscript 9.423 of the Biblioteca Nacional de Madrid is one among Siesso de Bolea's lexicographic works. This edition and study of the manuscript is an attempt to provide an answer to several questions which still remained unsolved: its relationship to the first dictionary of the Real Academia Española, the date it was elaborated or its debated authorship.
Comparatismo/comparado, a: marbete disciplinario
Authors: García Gabaldón Jesús
Published: April 2016

In this paper we analyze the term and the concept of comparatism throughout several definitions of dictionaries and encyclopedias used in the main European languages, in order to trace the uses of the label «comparative» in the human and natural sciences.
La problemática del cambio semántico en la lengua como sistema de valores: aproximación epistemológica
Authors: Jiménez Ruiz Juan Luis
Published: April 2016

The present paper constitutes an attempt to establish the parameters in order to place a general view of change meaning within the context of Subject Linguistic, and to organize in adequate epistemological channnels the result achieved.
La presencia de los enlaces extraoracionales en la tradición gramatical española: la descripción de algunas conjunciones. Otros valores conversacionales
Authors: Pons Bordería Salvador
Published: April 2016

It is commonly thought that the grammars written before this century contain no remarks about pragmatics. Consacrated to the description of the morphosintactic structure of language, the grammarians would have not been able to «go further» and enter into the realm of language in use. Nevertheless, a revision of the most important grammars of the Spanish tradition shows that this assumption is not entirely true. In the description of some of the most conspicuous connectives a flow of observations can be found, ranging from their textual-organization capacities to their uses in conversation. Against the commonly admited state-of-the-art, we claim for a new and broader revision of the pragmatic observations hidden in the syntactic descriptions of the Spanish grammarians.
La dimensión pragmática de la lingüística del texto
Authors: Sáiz Noeda Belén
Published: April 2016

In this essay, I want to stress the relevance of Pragmatics to the evolution and consolidation of Text Linguistics from a comprehensive understanding of the text as a comunicative entity. The pragmatic dimension of Text Linguistics is essential and achieves its concreteness in the textual theories or models analyzed herein, all of which —especially those of Teun A. van Dijk and János S. Petofi— represent the most elaborate stage of Text Linguistics, namely due to the ultimate incorporation of the contextual (social and psycological) and communicative elements of language. Furthermore, it is through Pragmatics as an integration of both Syntax and Semantics that we reach the semiotic dimension of the text while at the same time we can propose a new conception of the linguistic science. And at the beginning and at the end of Pragmatics and Text Linguistics lies Rethoric, the ancient and eternal science of language.
La búsqueda etimológica en el argot de los delincuentes
Authors: Sanmartín Sáez Julia
Published: April 2016

The aim of this paper is to offer a sketch of the different problems that faces the etymological search in a sociolect as the slang or thieves' cant, characterized by the lack of data, texts and documents, its orality, the rapid evolution —besides the tendency to archaism— and the great diversity of variants of a word. In order to do that, we analyse five terms (jicho, boqueras, tralla, butrón and bujarrón), that correspond to the multifunctional nature of this slang and his three forms of lexical creation: semantic and formal transformation and borrowings from other languages or slangs.
Denominaciones de las «aves silvestres» recogidas del ALEANR que no aparecen en el Diccionario de la Real Academia Española (1992), 21ª ed.
Authors: Asensio Ruiz Rosario
Published: April 2016

This study analyzes the names of wild birds collected in the Aragón, Navarra and La Rioja Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas which are not recorded in the Diccionario de la Real Academia Española (1992, 21st. edition). The work is organized in five parts. The First part presents the metodology followed in the study and the reasons why the Linguistic Geography must be taken into account when elaborating dictionaries, the second one analyzes the words of the wild birds that should be taken into account by the academic dictionary. In the third part it appears names that identify different birds to those collected in the RAE and in the fourth part it is also proved that the words accurate location we are given by the linguistic atlas has not been contrasted by the official dictionary. In the last part the conclusions reached in this study are presented.
Garúa en Canarias y América
Authors: Navarro Carrasco Ana Isabel
Published: April 2016

The Diccionario de la Real Academia Española in its last edition of 1992 (DRAE-92) registers the word garúa 'drizzle' localized in America. It is true that the word is used in America. This is confirmed in the present article by consulting Spanish language dictionaries, general dictionaries of Americanisms as well as dictionaries and vocabularies from the various Latin American countries. However, on consulting the map for «Llovizna» in the Atlas Lingüístico y Etnográfico de las Islas Canarias (ALEICan) it becomes clear that the word is commonly used in the Canary Islands. Also, we have documented it with the help of vocabularies and other dialectal studies of Canarian Spanish. If the word is used in the Canary Islands, can it still be considered an Americanism? Or is it rather a Canarian dialectalism —originated in the Portuguese— that spread from the Islands to the New World?.
Perfecto simple y perfecto compuesto: de la gramática al discurso
Authors: Moreno-Torres Sánchez Ignacio
Published: April 2016

This article is part of a larger project which aims at describing —from a formal semantics perspective— the temporal structure of discourse in Spanish. In this paper we analyse the role that two Spanish tenses —perfecto simple and perfecto compuesto— play in discourse. Using the framework provided by Discourse Representation Theory, we describe the semantics of these two tenses and we propose a representation for both of them. The representation proposed is based on Dowty's extended now theory of the present perfect (English equivalent for Spanish perfecto compuesto). We show that the extended now theory provides a very intuitive way of representing not only perfecto compuesto, but also the perfecto simple and the effect of several adverbials. Finally, we will examine the discourse relations of sentences in which perfecto simple and perfecto compuesto appear.
Estrategias de integración fónica de los anglicismos en un corpus de español hablado: asimilación, compromiso y efectos estructurales
Authors: Gómez Capuz Juan
Published: April 2016

Phonic integration of Anglicisms in European Spanish has always lacked a proper methodological approach, as current studies have always been based on purely written data. Because of that, this article aims to describe properly serveral mechanisms of phonic integration, on the basis of an entirely oral corpus provided by a research group on colloquial Spanish. In particular, phonic integration of Anglicisms can be regarded as a constant struggle between two main trends: on the one hand, assimilation to phonic patterns of Spanish language, by means of some regular mechanisms; on the other, minimal assimilation for the sake of loyalty to a prestigious English model, the consequences of which are cases of phonemic redistribution all over the Spanish phonemic system. Nevertheless, by the side of both main trends, a midway assimilation or compromise replica can also be noticed.
El español de América en la obra de Amado Alonso
Authors: Martínez Marín Juan
Published: April 2016

The current article presents a brief approach to Amado Alonso’s studies on Spanish in America. Among other aspects, it is worth noticing the variety of topics (fonetics, dialectology, lexis, etc.) he was interested in and his direct contribution to the American academic environment. We also take into account the way Amado Alonso, without breaking the links with Menéndez Pidal’s philological orientation, adopted a clearly linguistic researching interest. Besides, we have to notice his relationship with the works of former Hispanoamerican authors (abover all, Bello and Cuervo), and the strong influence he developed. All this makes possible that, despite the dictatorship of time, his studies on American Spanish follow on being of a great interest.
Sobre el concepto sintáctico de fase
Authors: Garcerán Infantes Erundina
Published: April 2016

The main purpose of this paper is to analize the syntactic concept of ‘Strong Phase’, —introduced in Chomsky (1998 & 1999)—, in order to define it and, consequently, to characterize univocally the propositional constructions that they are able to be defined as ‘Strong Phase’. Our interest is focused particulary in defending an agreement with the theoretical and methodological presuppositions of the Minimalist Program.This analysis is particularly suggestive and necessary in this moment, due to the important turn that Generative Grammar has adopted in relation with the so called Minimalist Program, which has modified in many aspects the precedent pattern of Principles and Parameters.
Sobre formas de ambigüedad de las oraciones escindidas: sintaxis y discurso
Authors: Fernández Leborans María Jesús
Published: April 2016

This paper focuses on the forms of ambiguity in cleft and pseudocleft constructions. To account for the fact that the ambiguity –whichever it is- in cleft or pseudocleft sentences is only outwardly, I argue by means of two basic lines: semantic properties and pragmatic arguments. In addition, the opposition ‘referential / predicative’ proves to be decisive on this matter. Moreover, this work demonstrates that the be/ser verb of ‘discontinuos’ It-cleft sentences with that is not ambiguous but just one copulative verb.
Procesos y verbos que introducen la referencia espacial en el relato en español y en francés como lenguas maternas y lenguas extranjeras
Authors: Sanz Espinar Gema
Published: April 2016

El caso concreto de la adquisición que nos ocupa es el uso del léxico verbal en una actividad narrativa llevada a cabo por dos grupos de locutores francófonos que aprenden español (ELE-A y ELE-B) y por otros dos locutores hispanófonos que aprenden francés (FLE-A y FLE-B). Los grupos A han aprendido la lengua principalmente en una situación académica (0-5 semanas sólo en un país extranjero) y los grupos B han realizado estancias de varios meses. Estudiamos el léxico verbal desde un punto de vista psicolingüístico a un doble nivel: conceptualización (predicados semánticos conceptualizados o “procesos”) y lexicalización (verbos utilizados). Hemos analizado un contexto concreto de los relatos, como es la introducción de la referencia espacial, donde pueden verse claramente los distintos comportamientos de cada grupo, tanto en la conceptualización como en la lexicalización, dependiendo de la lengua materna de los aprendices, así como de las características del proceso de adquisición.
Habilidad lectora y reconocimiento de unidades insertadas en español como L1 y L2
Authors: Salazar García Ventura
Published: April 2016

El presente trabajo examina la habilidad de lectura en cuatro grupos de sujetos a partir de distintas pruebas de unidades insertadas. Dos de los grupos están formados por jóvenes anglófonos que estudian español como segunda lengua, con distintos niveles de competencia. Los otros dos están formados por hispanohablantes nativos con distinto nivel de alfabetización. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los hispanohablantes y los anglófonos usan de un modo diferente, en sus respectivas lenguas maternas, ciertas estrategias de lectura. Ello parece indicar que el proceso lector no es idéntico en las dos lenguas. Los resultados en los grupos de hispanohablantes muestran una estrecha interdependencia entre la habilidad de descodificar los aspectos gráficos del texto y la capacidad de comprensión. En los lectores de español como L2 examinados, sin embargo, no se aprecia dicha interdependencia.
Atención a la forma y gramática pedagógica: algunos criterios para el metalenguaje de presentación de la oposición ‘imperfecto/indefinido’ en el aula de español/ LE
Authors: Castañeda Castro Alejandro , Ortega Olivares Jenaro
Published: April 2016

A pesar del enorme paso adelante que han supuesto los estudios teóricos y empíricos sobre la atención a la forma en relación con los problemas de la enseñanza de la gramática en el aula de lenguas segundas, quedan pendientes, aunque planteadas desde la nueva perspectiva ofrecida por tales estudios, numerosas cuestiones sobre la naturaleza del metalenguaje de presentación explícita de los recursos lingüísticos objeto de atención. En relación con ello, este artículo trata del caso de la oposición ‘imperfecto/indefinido’ en español. Indagamos sobre la posibilidad de construir una versión algorítmica, lo más coherente y operativa posible, de las pautas de interpretación de dicha oposición, que se base en la distinción aspectual ‘no terminativo/ terminativo’, y que tenga en cuenta las pautas inferenciales que aclaran la relación entre su carácter aspectual básico y los distintos usos en que se manifiesta.
Itonama o Sihnipadara, lengua no clasificada de la Amazonia boliviana
Authors: Crevels Mily
Published: April 2016

The purpose of this paper is to give a preliminary sketch of some interesting structural features of Itonama, a moribund indigenous language spoken in Amazonian Bolivia, against the historic and sociolinguistic background of the area. Greenberg’s (1987) classification of Itonama as Paezan, a subbranch of Macro-Chibchan, has not been supported by other linguists and the language is still considered to be an isolate or rather an unclassified language. Itonama is a head-marking VSO language, which marks gender on the verb and distinguishes masculine and feminine gender in pronouns and demonstratives. It has a multiple classifier system and only two open word classes: verbs and nouns. While its nominal morphology seems quite transparent, the verbal morphology is much more complex with various prefix and suffix slots, verbal classifiers —which also appear on demonstratives—, body-part incorporation, and verbal number.
El chat: la conversación escrita
Authors: Blanco Rodríguez María José
Published: April 2016

This study analyses the linguistic characteristics of a new medium of synchronous text-based computer-mediated communication called Chat. This communication and the type of discourse developed exhibit many oral qualities. These qualities of orality are analyzed starting from the conditions that surround the communication act and of the type of discursive activity that is developed, because the chat should be understood as a new communication system, with rules and forms of its own.