bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oxygen Scavenging in HfZrOx‐Based n/p‐FeFETs for Switching Voltage Scaling and Endurance/Retention Improvement
Authors: Kim Bong Ho , Kuk Song‐Hyeon , Kim Seong Kwang , Kim Joon Pyo , Suh Yoon‐Je , Jeong Jaeyong , Geum Dae‐Myeong , Baek Seung‐Hyub , Kim Sang Hyeon
Published: March 2023

The authors demonstrate improved switching voltage, retention, and endurance properties in HfZrOx (HZO)‐based n/p‐ferroelectric field‐effect transistors (FeFETs) via oxygen scavenging. Oxygen scavenging using titanium (Ti) in the gate stack successfully reduce the thickness of interfacial oxide between HZO and Si and the oxygen vacancy at the bottom interface of the HZO film. The n/p‐FeFETs with scavenging exhibit an immediate read‐after‐write with stable retention property and improved endurance property. In particular, n‐FeFET with scavenging exhibits excellent endurance property that does not show breakdown up to 1010 cycles. The charge trapping model in the n/p‐FeFETs is presented to explain why the effect of oxygen scavenging is more pronounced in n‐FeFET than in p‐FeFET. Finally, further switching voltage scaling potential is estimated by scavenging and HZO thickness scaling. It is believed that this work contributes to the development of low‐power FeFET and the understanding of FeFET operation.
Highly Sensitive Piezoelectric E‐Skin Design Based on Electromechanical Coupling Concept
Authors: Yang Xiaopeng , Zhang Menglun , Xie Mengying , Sun Mingchao , Luo Hexu , Li Quanning , Chen Xuejiao , Pang Wei
Published: March 2023

Stretchable electronic skin (e‐skin) paves the way for applications that exceed the scope of intrinsic rigid devices and hard‐to‐stretch sensors. The broad application range of flexible e‐skins benefits from device architectures that can simultaneously provide mechanical flexibility and superior sensitivity. Classic fractal design provides a simple architecture to achieve the desired flexibility through structural design for improved wear comfort, but at the expense of sensor sensitivity. In this study, the proposed method addresses the trade‐off between stretchability and sensitivity in fractal design. A high‐sensitivity e‐skin is obtained by eliminating the effect of negative charge on the output by applying the concept of electromechanical coupling. This concept for designing e‐skins with high sensitivity is validated through the delicate patterning of hard‐to‐stretch functional materials. Further, human speech signals are acquired through the integration of e‐skin with signal processing circuits, and speech pattern recognition is realized using machine learning. The stretchable e‐skin with an enhanced gauge factor illustrates the wider application of this concept for improving the sensitivity of stretchable electronic functional materials.
DFNet: Dense fusion convolution neural network for plant leaf disease classification
Authors: Faisal Muhamad , Leu Jenq‐Shiou , Avian Cries , Prakosa Setya Widyawan , Köppen Mario
Published: March 2023

The early identification of plant diseases is crucial for preventing the loss of crop production. Recently, the advancement of deep learning has significantly improved the identification of plant leaf diseases. However, most approaches depend on a single convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract the leaf features, ignoring the opportunity to take full advantage of the feature richness available in the images. This paper explores a novel CNN model with multiple automated feature extractors, namely, dense fusion CNN (DFNet), for classifying plant leaf diseases. DFNet aims to increase the diversity of extracted features in order to improve discrimination. Instead of using a single‐CNN model, DFNet relies on a double‐pretrained CNN model, MobileNetV2 and NASNetMobile, as the feature extractor. The features extracted from each CNN are fused in the fusion layer using a fully connected network. The proposed method was evaluated using corn (Zea mays L.) and coffee (Coffea canephora) leaf disease datasets and compared to the existing models. The experiment showed that DFNet is superior and consistent to other CNN methods by achieving an accuracy of 97.53% for corn leaf diseases and 94.65% for coffee leaf diseases.
Physical attractiveness and cardiometabolic risk
Authors: Bulczak Grzegorz , Gugushvili Alexi
Published: March 2023

Objectives

There is only limited evidence suggesting that physical attractiveness and individuals' actual health are causally linked. Past studies demonstrate that characteristics related to physical attractiveness are more likely to be present in healthy individuals, including those with better cardiovascular and metabolic health, yet many of these studies do not account for individuals' initial health and socioeconomic characteristics, which are related to both physical attractiveness and later life health.

Methods

We use panel survey data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health in the United States to examine the relationship between interviewer‐rated in‐person physical attractiveness and actual cardiometabolic risk (CMR) based on a set of relevant biomarkers: LDL cholesterol, glucose mg/dL, C‐reactive protein, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and resting heart rate.

Results

We identify a robust relationship between individuals' physical attractiveness and 10‐year follow up actual health measured by the levels of CMR. Individuals of above‐average attractiveness appear to be noticeably healthier than those who are described as having average attractiveness. We find that individuals' gender and race/ethnicity do not have a major effect on the described relationship. The link between physical attractiveness and health is affected by interviewers' main demographic characteristics. We carefully address the possibility of confounders affecting our results including sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics, cognitive and personality traits, initial health problems and BMI.

Conclusion

Our findings are largely in line with the evolutionary perspective which assumes that physical attractiveness is linked to individuals' biological health. Being perceived as physically attractive might also imply, among other aspects, high levels of satisfaction with life, self‐confidence and ease of finding intimate partners, all of which can positively affect individuals' health.
Calprotectin in chronic rhinosinusitis eosinophil extracellular traps
Authors: Ahn Sang Hyeon , Shin Kyu Ha , Oh Jun Taek , Park Sang Chul , Rha Min‐Seok , Kim Soo In , Cho Hyung‐Ju , Yoon Joo‐Heon , Kim Chang‐Hoon
Published: March 2023

Background

Calprotectin is an antimicrobial peptide primarily secreted by neutrophils. Furthermore, calprotectin secretion increases in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with polyps (CRSwNP) and positively correlates with neutrophil markers. However, CRSwNP is known to be associated with type 2 inflammation related to tissue eosinophilia. Therefore, the authors investigated calprotectin expression in eosinophils and eosinophil extracellular traps (EETs) and explored the associations between tissue calprotectin and the clinical findings of patients with CRS.

Methods

A total of 63 patients participated, and patients diagnosed with CRS were classified based on the Japanese Epidemiological Survey of Refractory Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis (JESREC) score. The authors performed hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence with calprotectin, myeloperoxidase (MPO), major basic protein (MBP), and citrullinated histone H3 with the participant's tissues. Finally, correlations between calprotectin and the clinical data were examined.

Results

Calprotectin‐positive cells are co‐localized not only in MPO‐positive cells but also in MBP‐positive cells in human tissues. Calprotectin was also involved in EETs and neutrophil extracellular traps. The number of calprotectin‐positive cells in the tissue was positively correlated with the number of tissue and blood eosinophils. In addition, calprotectin in the tissue is associated with the olfactory function, Lund–Mackay computed tomography score, and JESREC score.

Conclusions

Calprotectin, known to be secreted by neutrophils, in CRS was also expressed in eosinophils. In addition, calprotectin, which functions as an antimicrobial peptide, may play an important role in the innate immune response based on its EET involvement. Therefore, calprotectin expression could reflect as a disease severity biomarker for CRS.
Cortical tau is associated with microstructural imaging biomarkers of neurite density and dendritic complexity in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Weston Philip S. J. , Coath William , Harris Matthew J. , Malone Ian B. , Dickson John , Aigbirhio Franklin I. , Cash David M. , Zhang Hui , Schott Jonathan M.
Published: March 2023

Introduction

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), hyperphosphorylated tau is closely associated with focal neurodegeneration, but the mechanism remains uncertain.

Methods

We quantified cortical microstructure using neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging in 14 individuals with young onset AD. Diffusion tensor imaging measured mean diffusivity (MD). Amyloid beta and tau positron emission tomography were acquired and associations with microstructural measures were assessed.

Results

When regional volume was adjusted for, in the medial temporal lobe there was a significant negative association between neurite density and tau (partial R2 = 0.56, p = 0.008) and between orientation dispersion and tau (partial R2 = 0.66, p = 0.002), but not between MD and tau. In a wider cortical composite, there was an association between orientation dispersion and tau (partial R2 = 0.43, p = 0.030), but not between other measures and tau.

Discussion

Our findings are consistent with tau causing first dendritic pruning (reducing dispersion/complexity) followed by neuronal loss. Advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) microstructural measures have the potential to provide information relating to underlying tau deposition.
Co‐design of dementia prevention program for Aboriginal Australians (DAMPAA)
Authors: Mateo‐Arriero Irene , Lalovic Alexander , Dowden Glennette , Markey Lesley , Cox Kay L. , Flicker Leon , Bessarab Dawn , Thompson Sandra , Kickett Carmel , Woods Deborah , Pestell Carmela F. , Edgill Paula , Etherton‐Beer Christopher , Smith Kate
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Dementia is highly prevalent in older Aboriginal Australians, with several modifiable risk factors. Currently, there is limited evidence on how to prevent cognitive decline in Aboriginal Australians.

Methods

Based on our Theory of Change (ToC) framework, we co‐developed the Dementia risk management and prevention program for Aboriginal Australians (DAMPAA) aged over 45 years in partnership with Aboriginal community‐controlled organizations (ACCOs) and Elders. Qualitative data were collected through ACCO staff workshops, Elders yarning, and governance groups to inform the protocol. Additionally, we conducted a small pilot study.

Results

Expected DAMPAA ToC outcomes are: (1) improved daily function, (2) better cardiovascular risk management, (3) falls reduction, (4) improved quality of life, and (5) reduced cognitive decline. Attendance enablers are social interaction, environment, exercise type/level, and logistics.

Discussion

Findings suggest that ToC is an effective collaborative approach for co‐designing Aboriginal health programs.
A Simple Colorimetric Au‐on‐Au Tip Sensor with a New Functional Nucleic Acid Probe for Food‐borne Pathogen Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Li Jiuxing , Khan Shadman , Gu Jimmy , Filipe Carlos D. M. , Didar Tohid F. , Li Yingfu
Published: March 2023

An Au‐on‐Au tip sensor is developed for the detection of Salmonella typhimurium (Salmonella), using a new synthetic nucleic acid probe (NAP) as a linker for the immobilization of a DNA‐conjugated Au nanoparticle (AuNP) onto a DNA‐attached thin Au layer inside a pipette tip. In the presence of Salmonella, RNase H2 from Salmonella (STH2) cleaves the NAP and the freed DNA‐conjugated AuNP can be visually detected by a paper strip. This portable biosensor does not require any electronic, electrochemical or optical equipment. It delivers a detection limit of 3.2×103 CFU mL−1 for Salmonella in 1 h without cell‐culturing or signal amplification and does not show cross‐reactivity with several control bacteria. Further, the sensor reliably detects Salmonella spiked in food samples, such as ground beef and chicken, milk, and eggs. The sensor can be reused and is stable at ambient temperature, showing its potential as a point‐of‐need device for the prevention of food poisoning by Salmonella.
Electrocatalytically Activating and Reducing N2 Molecule by Tuning Activity of Local Hydrogen Radical
Authors: Yang Yuanyuan , Hu Cejun , Shan Jieqiong , Cheng Chuanqi , Han Lili , Li Xinzhe , Wang Ruguang , Xie Wei , Zheng Yao , Ling Tao
Published: March 2023

Decarbonizing N2 conversion is particularly challenging, but essential for sustainable development of industry and agriculture. Herein, we achieve electrocatalytic activation/reduction of N2 on X/Fe−N−C (X=Pd, Ir and Pt) dual‐atom catalysts under ambient condition. We provide solid experimental evidence that local hydrogen radical (H*) generated on the X site of the X/Fe−N−C catalysts can participate in the activation/reduction of N2 adsorbed on the Fe site. More importantly, we reveal that the reactivity of X/Fe−N−C catalysts for N2 activation/reduction can be well adjusted by the activity of H* generated on the X site, i.e., the interaction between the X−H bond. Specifically, X/Fe−N−C catalyst with the weakest X−H bonding exhibits the highest H* activity, which is beneficial to the subsequent cleavage of X−H bond for N2 hydrogenation. With the most active H*, the Pd/Fe dual‐atom site promotes the turnover frequency of N2 reduction by up to 10 times compared with the pristine Fe site.
Dearomatization‐Rearomatization Reaction of Metal‐Polarized Aza‐ortho‐Quinone Methides
Authors: Wang Bao‐Cheng , Rao Li , Fang Kai‐Xin , Qu Bao‐Le , Xiong Fen‐Ya , Feng Ying , Tan Ying , Lu Liang‐Qiu , Xiao Wen‐Jing
Published: March 2023

Metal‐polarized aza‐ortho‐quinone methides (aza‐o‐QMs) are a unique and efficient handle for azaheterocycle synthesis. Despite great achievements, the potential of these reactive intermediates has not yet been fully exploited, especially the new reaction modes. Herein, we disclosed an unprecedented dearomatization process of metal‐polarized aza‐o‐QMs, affording transient dearomatized spiroaziridine intermediates. Based on this serendipity, we accomplished three sequential dearomatization‐rearomatization reactions of benzimidazolines with aza‐sulfur ylides, enabling the divergent synthesis of bis‐nitrogen heterocycles with high efficiency and flexibility. Moreover, experimental and theoretical studies were performed to explain the proposed mechanisms and observed selectivity. Further cellular evaluation of the dibenzodiazepine products identified a hit compound for new antitumor drugs.
Monitoring the Reversibility of GPCR Signaling by Combining Photochromic Ligands with Label‐free Impedance Analysis
Authors: Wirth Ulrike , Erl Julia , Azzam Saphia , Höring Carina , Skiba Michael , Singh Ritu , Hochmuth Kathrin , Keller Max , Wegener Joachim , König Burkhard
Published: March 2023

G protein‐coupled cell surface receptors (GPCR) trigger complex intracellular signaling cascades upon agonist binding. Classic pharmacological assays provide information about binding affinities, activation or blockade at different stages of the signaling cascade, but real time dynamics and reversibility of these processes remain often disguised. We show that combining photochromic NPY receptor ligands, which can be toggled in their receptor activation ability by irradiation with light of different wavelengths, with whole cell label‐free impedance assays allows observing the cell response to receptor activation and its reversibility over time. The concept demonstrated on NPY receptors may be well applicable to many other GPCRs providing a deeper insight into the time course of intracellular signaling processes.
Spin‐Enhanced O−H Cleavage in Electrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Huang Qing , Xie Shijie , Hao Jinjie , Ding Zijing , Zhang Chuang , Sheng Hua , Zhao Jincai
Published: March 2023

Herein we report the vital role of spin polarization in proton‐transfer‐mediated water oxidation over a magnetized catalyst. During the electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) over ferrimagnetic Fe3O4, the external magnetic field induced a remarkable increase in the OER current, however, this increment achieved in weakly alkaline pH (pH 9) was almost 20 times that under strongly alkaline conditions (pH 14). The results of the surface modification experiment and H/D kinetic isotope effect investigation confirm that, at weakly alkaline pH, during the nucleophilic attack of FeIV=O by molecular water, the magnetized Fe3O4 catalyst polarizes the spin states of the nucleophilic attacking intermediates. The spin‐enhanced singlet O−H cleavage and triplet O−O bonding occur synergistically, which promotes the O2 generation more significantly than the strongly alkaline case involving only spin‐enhanced O−O bonding.
Lipophilicity Modulations by Fluorination Correlate with Membrane Partitioning
Authors: Wang Zhong , Felstead Hannah R. , Troup Robert I. , Linclau Bruno , Williamson Philip T. F.
Published: March 2023

Bioactive compounds generally need to cross membranes to arrive at their site of action. The octanol‐water partition coefficient (lipophilicity, logPOW) has proven to be an excellent proxy for membrane permeability. In modern drug discovery, logPOW and bioactivity are optimized simultaneously, for which fluorination is one of the relevant strategies. The question arises as to which extent the often subtle logP modifications resulting from different aliphatic fluorine‐motif introductions also lead to concomitant membrane permeability changes, given the difference in molecular environment between octanol and (anisotropic) membranes. It was found that for a given compound class, there is excellent correlation between logPOW values with the corresponding membrane molar partitioning coefficients (logKp); a study enabled by novel solid‐state 19F NMR MAS methodology using lipid vesicles. Our results show that the factors that cause modulation of octanol‐water partition coefficients similarly affect membrane permeability.
Detachable Porous Organic Polymers Responsive to Light and Heat
Authors: Diao Ze‐Jiu , Liu Si‐Yi , Wen Hui , Liu Guoliang , Yang Tao , Li Jing‐Jing , Liu Xiao‐Qin , Sun Lin‐Bing
Published: March 2023

Stimuli‐responsive porous materials have captured much attention due to the on‐demand tunable properties. Most reported stimuli‐responsive porous materials are based on molecule isomerism or host‐guest interaction, and it is highly desired to develop new types based on different responsive mechanism. Herein, inspired by natural cells which have the ability to fuse and divide induced by external stimulation, we report a new type of stimuli‐responsive porous material based on detachment mechanism. A detachable porous organic polymer, namely DT‐POP‐1, is fabricated from the polymerization of anthracene‐containing monomer (AnMon) when irradiated by 365 nm UV light. DT‐POP‐1 can detach into the monomer AnMon when irradiated with 275 nm UV light or heat. Such polymerization/detachment is reversible. The detachment results in a big difference in porosity and adsorption capacity, making the present detachable porous polymer highly promising in adsorptive separation and drug delivery.
Human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells laden hydrogels made from carboxymethyl chitosan and oxidized hyaluronic acid for wound healing
Authors: Kong Shaowen , Song Jie , Wang Yuandou , Wang Shuxin , Su Feng , Li Suming
Published: March 2023

A dynamic hydrogel was prepared from N,O‐carboxymethyl chitosan (NOCC) and oxidized aldehyde‐containing hyaluronic acid (A‐HA) by Schiff base reaction. The resulted NOCC/A‐HA hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The rheological, swelling, and self‐healing properties of hydrogels were determined. The hydrogels present interconnected porous structure, high swelling rate, and outstanding self‐healing capacity. The biocompatibility of hydrogels was evidenced by MTT assay and zebrafish embryonic toxicity test. Human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (CB‐MNC) were encapsulated in the hydrogel. High cell viability above 50% was obtained after 21 days culture. A mouse scald model was realized to evaluate the potential of cell laden hydrogel in wound healing. Compared to the control group and the hydrogel group, the cell laden hydrogel group exhibits faster epidermal regeneration, reduced inflammation and more neovascularization. Therefore, NOCC/A‐HA hydrogels encapsulating CB‐MNC could be a promising therapy in the treatment of burns or scalds.
Multifunctional silk textile composites functionalized with silver nanowires
Authors: Baranowska‐Korczyc Anna , Nejman Alicja , Rosowski Marcin , Cieślak Małgorzata
Published: March 2023

The low electrical conductivity of silk textile structures is a crucial factor limiting their practical applications. Silk‐based materials need modifications with different electroconductive compounds and structures. This report presents functionalization with silver nanowires (AgNWs) using polydopamine (PDA) as a linker. AgNWs create 3 and 10 g/m2 conductive networks on silk fabric. The surface resistance is estimated to be 1.5 × 105 Ω and 1.0 × 103 Ω, while volume resistance is 2.3 × 103 Ω and 6.8 × 102 Ω respectively to less and more developed AgNWs networks. AgNWs‐coated silk fabric is more thermally stable and provides thermal shielding. AgNWs functionalization makes silk fabric more hydrophilic due to PDA and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) influence. PVP acts as a capping agent during AgNWs synthesis and remains on their surface. Silk fabric functionalized with AgNWs reveals above 99.94% reduction of bacterial growth against Gram‐positive and ‐negative bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae, respectively. The bacteriostatic and biocidal coefficients are respectively above 7.2 and 3.3 for both bacteria types. AgNWs do not harmfully influence excellent silk mechanical properties. The specific strength does not change significantly and the elongation at break is even improved. The presented AgNWs functionalized silk fabric has useful physical, antimicrobial, and electronic properties for designing multimodal textile products.
Development of a facile aerogel‐based ion‐selective electrode using cellulose and carbon nanotubes as transducer materials for potentiometric application
Authors: Gallegos‐Cerda Susana Dianey , Chanona‐Pérez José Jorge , Hernández‐Varela Josué David , López Maximiliano Campos
Published: March 2023

Facile, lightweight, and sustainable aerogels have been a growing interest in their applications as support matrixes in the current environmental and energy challenges. In this study, a cellulose aerogel (CA) is fabricated using a homogeneous dispersion of cellulose fibers in an alkali‐urea aqueous solution and a carbon nanotube ink (CNT‐ink) to increase its electrical and conductive behavior in a potentiometric analysis. The physicochemical and morphological properties of the resultant composite aerogels (CA, CA1, and CA2) are investigated by thermal, water resistance, mechanical, FTIR, and SEM analysis. The prepared material exhibits a structured solid network that is visualized through SEM in which fibers are functionalized with CNTs. The results from compressive tests reveal that CA2 has excellent mechanical properties. A saturated CA with CNT‐ink can turn on a white LED and potentiometric measurements by preparing an aerogel‐based ion‐selective electrode (CA2 ‐ ISE) with a potassium ion‐selective membrane (K+ − ISM) reveal good sensitivity at room temperature for the detection in a specific electrolyte solution.
Invisible women: A psycho‐economic exploration of domestic and reproductive labor
Authors: Jain Sargam , Zarghamee Homa
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we examine the European devaluation of maternal and female domestic labor after the Industrial Revolution as a defensive byproduct of collective male annihilation anxiety due to the replacement of male manual labor by machines. We argue that an abject attitude towards women was codified in law, economic policy and social norms that still exist today, contributing to an ongoing, unconscious, structural degradation of female caregiving. We also suggest this stance towards female labor was exported to post‐colonial nations through the global adoption of the gross domestic product statistic, which excludes domestic and maternal labor from national accounting measurements. We draw on Julia Kristeva's theory of abjection, research from the fields of economics and policy analysis—and the burgeoning subfield of narrative economics—to suggest a reparative path forward for both men and women.
Origin and Quantitative Description of the NESSIAS Effect at Si Nanostructures
Authors: König Dirk , Frentzen Michael , Hiller Daniel , Wilck Noël , Santo Giovanni Di , Petaccia Luca , Píš Igor , Bondino Federica , Magnano Elena , Mayer Joachim , Knoch Joachim , Smith Sean C.
Published: March 2023

The electronic structure of SiO2‐ versus Si3N4‐coated low nanoscale intrinsic silicon (Si) shifts away from versus toward the vacuum level Evac, originating from the Nanoscale Electronic Structure Shift Induced by Anions at Surfaces (NESSIAS). Using the quantum chemical properties of the elements involved to explain NESSIAS, an analytic parameter Λ is derived to predict the highest occupied energy level of Si nanocrystals (NCs) as verified by various hybrid‐density functional calculations and NC sizes. First experimental data of Si nanowells (NWells) embedded in SiO2 versus Si3N4 were measured by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy in total fluorescence yield mode (XAS‐TFY), complemented by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), characterizing their conduction band and valence band edge energies EC and EV, respectively. Scanning the valence band sub‐structure over NWell thickness yields an accurate estimate of EV shifted purely by spatial confinement, and thus the actual EV shift due to NESSIAS. Offsets of ΔEC = 0.56 eV and ΔEV = 0.89 eV were obtained for 1.9 nm thick NWells in SiO2 versus Si3N4, demonstrating an intrinsic Si type II homojunction. This p/n junction generated by NESSIAS eliminates any deteriorating impact of impurity dopants, offering undoped ultrasmall Si electronic devices with much reduced physical gate lengths and CMOS‐compatible materials.
The use of artificial intelligence to detect students' sentiments and emotions in gross anatomy reflections
Authors: Rechowicz Krzysztof J. , Elzie Carrie A.
Published: March 2023

Students' reflective writings in gross anatomy provide a rich source of complex emotions experienced by learners. However, qualitative approaches to evaluating student writings are resource heavy and timely. To overcome this, natural language processing, a nascent field of artificial intelligence that uses computational techniques for the analysis and synthesis of text, was used to compare health professional students' reflections on the importance of various regions of the body to their own lives and those of the anatomical donor dissected. A total of 1365 anonymous writings (677 about a donor, 688 about self) were collected from 132 students. Binary and trinary sentiment analysis was performed, as well as emotion detection using the National Research Council Emotion Lexicon which classified text into eight emotions: anger, fear, sadness, disgust, surprise, anticipation, trust, and joy. The most commonly written about body regions were the hands, heart, and brain. The reflections had an overwhelming positive sentiment with major contributing words “love” and “loved.” Predominant words such as “pain” contributed to the negative sentiments and reflected various ailments experienced by students and revealed through dissections of the donors. The top three emotions were trust, joy, and anticipation. Each body region evoked a unique combination of emotions. Similarities between student self‐reflections and reflections about their donor were evident suggesting a shared view of humanization and person centeredness. Given the pervasiveness of reflections in anatomy, adopting a natural language processing approach to analysis could provide a rich source of new information related to students' previously undiscovered experiences and competencies.
Trolling CNN and Fox News on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter
Authors: Fichman Pnina , Rathi Maanvi
Published: March 2023

Online trolling, disinformation, and deception are posing an existential threat to democracy. Informed by the online disinhibition theory and research on the ideological asymmetry between Democrats and Republicans, we examined how the extent and style of trolling varies across social media platforms, by analyzing comments on posts by two media channels (CNN and Fox News) on three social media platforms (Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter). We found differences in the style and extent of trolling across platforms and between media channels, with more trolling on articles posted by Fox News than by CNN, and a different trolling style on Twitter than Facebook or Instagram. Our study demonstrates a delicate balance between the socio‐technical factors that are enabling and hindering trolling. While some platforms and government agencies believe in removing anonymity to regulate online harm, this paper makes a significant contribution against that view.
Multichromophore Integrated Panchromatic Azaborondipyrromethenes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Exploring the Role of AzaBODIPY as an Energy and Electron Relay in Photoinduced Processes
Authors: Anjaiah Boligorla , Naga Rajesh Manne , Giribabu Lingamallu , Chitta Raghu
Published: March 2023

Panchromatic azaborondipyrromethenes directly connected with N,N‐ditolylaniline (TPA) and naphthalene (Naph) at 1,7‐ and/or 3,5‐positions of the azaBODIPY platform, 1, 2, and 3, were synthesized and the roles of the individual chromophore constituents in the photo‐induced energy and electron transfer processes have been investigated. Optical absorption studies have indicated that integrating the complementary absorbers, naphthalene and TPA moieties, into the azaBODIPY core yielded broad‐band capturing dyes with the absorption ranging from 250–1000 nm. Parallel electrochemical studies revealed that TPA moiety in 1 and 2 is easier to oxidize when compared to azaBODIPY moiety, which are in congruent with the computational studies indicating that TPA moiety would behave as an electron donor and azaBODIPY as an acceptor in PET processes. Steady‐state fluorescence studies indicated that the photo‐excitation of the TPA moiety in 2 resulted in the occurrence of PET from 1TPA* to azaBODIPY generating (TPA)2+⋅‐(azaBODIPY)−⋅ while that of naphthalene in 3 resulted in PEnT from 1(naphthalene)* to azaBODIPY forming (Naph)2‐1(azaBODIPY)*. Interestingly, in 1, excitation of naphthalene moiety resulted in sequential PEnT from 1(naphthalene)* to azaBODIPY followed by the PET from TPA to 1(azaBODIPY)* generating a charge‐separated state, (TPA)2+⋅‐(azaBODIPY)−⋅‐(Naph)2 Fluorescence lifetime studies have indicated that the electron and energy transfer processes occurred in nanosecond time scales.
Research on social attention in autism and the challenges of the research domain criteria (RDoC) framework
Authors: Mundy Peter
Published: March 2023

The fuzzy nature of categories of psychopathology, such as autism, leads to significant research challenges. Alternatively, focusing research on the study of a common set of important and well‐defined psychological constructs across psychiatric conditions may make the fundamental etiological processes of psychopathology easier to discern and treat (Cuthbert, 2022). The development of the research domain criteria (RDoC) framework is designed to guide this new research approach (Insel et al., 2010). However, progress in research may be expected to continually refine and reorganize the understanding of the specifics of these mental processes (Cuthbert & Insel, 2013). Moreover, knowledge gleaned from the study of both normative and atypical development can be mutually informative in the evolution of our understanding of these fundamental processes. A case in point is the study of social attention. This Autism 101 commentary provides an educational summary of research over the last few decades indicates that social attention is major construct in the study of human social‐cognitive development, autism and other forms of psychopathology. The commentary also describes how this research can inform the Social Process dimension of the RDoC framework.
Sb Ultra‐Small Nanoparticles Embedded within N, S co‐Doped Flexible Carbon Nanofiber Films with Longitudinal Tunnels as High Performance Anode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: You Jie , Sun Hongran , Wang Xiaojun , Li Mai , Sun Jingrui , Wang Peng , He Yan , Liu Zhiming
Published: March 2023

Designing low‐cost carbon‐based anode with excellent electrochemical performance plays a vital role in the commercialization of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). However, its limited theoretical specific capacity and poor rate performance seriously affect its practical applications. Simply adjusting the morphological structure or component‐based regulation strategies cannot usually solve all problems efficiently. In response, one‐dimensional Sb2S3 nanorods with the longitudinal distribution are used as a sacrificial template in this work by a simple electrostatic spinning method. After heat treatment, abundant longitudinal distribution channels within flexible carbon nanofibers are obtained. Meanwhile, Sb ultra‐small nanoparticles can be in‐situ embedded within N, S co‐doped carbon matrix (N,S,Sb‐CNFs). Owing to the N, S, Sb co‐modification and the well‐designed one‐dimensional mesoporous carbon substrate, the N,S,Sb‐CNFs hybrids achieve better interfacial contact with electrolyte, ameliorated electrical conductivity and distinct kinetic promotion. Furthermore, the undesired volume expansion of Sb nanoparticles during sodiation can also be efficiently suppressed. As expected, the N,S,Sb‐CNFs based half‐cell remains a reversible capacity of 287.8 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 even after 3500 cycles and harvests a capacity of 239.6 mAh g−1 at a high current density of 4 A g−1, demonstrating excellent cycling stability and rate performance. Furthermore, the assembled flexible full‐cell matched with the Na3V2(PO4)2O2F cathode also obtains superior bending resistance and continuous discharge ability during the deformation process, proving the potential of the flexible N,S,Sb‐CNFs electrode in practical applications.
Toward a standardized evaluation of imputation methodology
Authors: Oberman Hanne I. , Vink Gerko
Published: March 2023

Developing new imputation methodology has become a very active field. Unfortunately, there is no consensus on how to perform simulation studies to evaluate the properties of imputation methods. In part, this may be due to different aims between fields and studies. For example, when evaluating imputation techniques aimed at prediction, different aims may be formulated than when statistical inference is of interest. The lack of consensus may also stem from different personal preferences or scientific backgrounds. All in all, the lack of common ground in evaluating imputation methodology may lead to suboptimal use in practice. In this paper, we propose a move toward a standardized evaluation of imputation methodology. To demonstrate the need for standardization, we highlight a set of possible pitfalls that bring forth a chain of potential problems in the objective assessment of the performance of imputation routines. Additionally, we suggest a course of action for simulating and evaluating missing data problems. Our suggested course of action is by no means meant to serve as a complete cookbook, but rather meant to incite critical thinking and a move to objective and fair evaluations of imputation methodology. We invite the readers of this paper to contribute to the suggested course of action.
Thermoluminescence properties of the rock naturally annealed for thousands of years by flames from the earth's inner layers
Authors: Toktamiş Dilek
Published: March 2023

The gas leak in Chimaera near Çıralı, Antalya, has been active for thousands of years. It is also known to be the source of the first Olympic flame in the Hellenistic period. The sample taken from the Chimaere seepage annealed for thousands of years was determined to be calcite‐magnesian (Ca, Mg)O3. In this study, thermoluminescence (TL) properties of calcite‐magnesian annealed for thousands of years in the fire caused by methane gas were investigated for particle size, dose–response, heating rate, and fading experiments. It exhibits a clear TL glow curve with two distinct peaks positioned at 160 and 330°C, and its shape is not affected by variation in applied dose and reproduciility of experiment. There is a wide linear relationship between TL output and applied dose up to 614 Gy. Although the positions of the TL peaks are stable with the cycle of measurement, a poor reusability was observed in terms of the area under the TL glow curve and peak intensity.
Ultra‐stable perovskite quantum dot composites encapsulated with mesoporous SiO2 and PbBr(OH) for white light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Xu Yinan , Yu Lixin , Peng Kangliang , Deng Yakun , Zhao Youjun , Zeng Xiaoling , Yu Ying
Published: March 2023

Lead halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) with high fluorescence efficiency and high color purity have a broad application prospect in the field of backlight display, but poor stability has been a key factor limiting their commercialization. Herein, we successfully synthesized CsPbBr3 QDs‐KIT‐6 (CsPbBr3‐K6) composite by using KIT‐6 molecular sieve as the limited template with a simple high temperature solid‐phase method. Further, the semi‐protected CsPbBr3 QDs in KIT‐6 frame will spontaneously hydrolyze when encountering water, and finally the double‐encapsulated CsPbBr3 QDs‐KIT‐6@PbBr(OH) (CsPbBr3‐K6@PbBr(OH)) composite are obtained. CsPbBr3‐K6@PbBr(OH) composite shows excellent green emission properties, including a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) (~73%) and a narrow emission linewidth of 25 nm. It is interesting that, the composite has excellent stability, including water stability without attenuation of fluorescence intensity after soaking in water for 60 days, thermal stability of 120°C heating–cooling cycle, and excellent optical stability without attenuation under continuous ultraviolet irradiation.
A novel anastrozole intravaginal ring for endometriosis: Pharmacokinetic characteristics and mucosal irritation
Authors: Yang Zixia , Dong Jian , Wu Siyi , Ma Bin , Ning Meiying
Published: March 2023

In order to achieve the long‐term management of endometriosis, a more economical and environmentally friendly material, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), was used to prepare a intravaginal ring with anastrozole (ATZ). This paper has compared the pharmacokinetic parameters with oral tablets (Aida®) in mini pigs and evaluated the uterine targeted effect and mucosal irritation of the ring. A bioassay method was developed and validated for the determination of ATZ in mini pigs. The determination of ATZ was achieved by LC–MS/MS using terfenadine as the internal standard. Separation was achieved on a Kinetex‐C18 110A chromatographic column (3 × 30 mm, 2.6 μm; Phenomenex) with a gradient mobile phase consisting of methanol (0.1% formic acid) and water (0.1% formic acid). The method has been proved to be scientific and sensitive through methodological validation and can be easily and quickly applied to the determination of the content of anastrozole in mini pigs. The pharmacokinetic test results show that there was no significant difference in pharmacokinetic parameters between the two formulations. The intravaginal ring has a passive targeting effect on the uterus, and its mucosal irritation is acceptable. The intravaginal ring provides a new method for long‐term management of endometriosis.
Hard dimensions evaluation in sustainable supply chain management for environmentally adaptive and mitigated adverse eco‐effect environmental policies
Authors: Afghah Maryam , Sajadi Seyed Mojtaba , Razavi Seyed Mostafa , Taghizadeh‐Yazdi Mohammadreza
Published: March 2023

In the oil and gas industry, adopting policies that can reduce the negative environmental effect is vital. Environmentally Sustainable Supply Chain Management (ESSCM) is an approach to carrying out Supply Chain Management (SCM) in an eco‐friendly manner and according to environmental requirements. There are different environmental policies that companies can apply based on their resource availability. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the impact of hard dimensions on Environmentally Adaptive (EA) and Mitigated Adverse Eco‐Effect (MAE) policies in the oil and gas industry. To rank the data, Bayesian Best‐Worst Method (BWM) and Ordinal Priority Approach (OPA) have been applied. Cause‐and‐effect relationships are then calculated by employing the Decision‐Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) technique. The results indicate that the ranking of the hard dimensions varies based on the companies' business policies and their new product/technology development projects. In other words, the findings of this research demonstrate that ‘innovation’ is the crucial dimension in companies that are focussed on developing eco‐friendly products while ‘technologies for cleaner production’ is the most important dimension in the companies attempting to reduce destructive consequences on the environment. In both types of the company policies, ‘lean manufacturing’, ‘total quality management’, and ‘institutional pressures’ are the key dimensions for a successful implementation of ESSCM while the least important dimensions include ‘supplier relationship management’, ‘green purchasing’, and ‘green logistics’. The findings of this research can assist the decision‐makers in the oil and gas sector in prioritising and identifying the interrelationship of the dimensions that significantly impact the ESSCM.
What digital‐enabled dynamic capabilities support the circular economy? A multiple case study approach
Authors: Neri Alessandra , Negri Marta , Cagno Enrico , Kumar Vikas , Garza‐Reyes Jose Arturo
Published: March 2023

Circular economy and digital technologies are crucial topics in the current academic and managerial debates. It is largely recognised that—although related to different paradigms—digital technologies could support the industrial circular transition, fostering the adoption of circular economy practices. So far, the relationship has been studied by directly linking the adoption of digital technologies to the implementation of circular economy practices; however, indications for practitioners are unclear. There is thus the need to investigate the relationship at a deeper level. This paper aims at contributing to the debate by adopting a dynamic capabilities theory perspective. By employing an explorative multiple case study methodology and based on an abductive logic, this study investigates 11 Northern‐Italy industrial firms in order to understand the transformations that occurred following the adoption of digital technologies and how these transformations supported the adoption of circular economy practices. The results shed preliminary light on which dynamic capabilities—sensing, seizing and transforming, and their related microfoundations—can be enabled by the different digital technologies and how these capabilities and microfoundations support the circular transition. The study thus provides a first‐of‐a‐kind investigation and suggests propositions for further research to better deepen the knowledge of digital‐enabled dynamic capabilities supporting industrial circular economy.
Intratumoral heterogeneity, treatment response, and survival outcome of ER‐positive HER2‐positive breast cancer
Authors: Teruya Natsuki , Inoue Hiroaki , Horii Rie , Akiyama Futoshi , Ueno Takayuki , Ohno Shinji , Takahashi Shunji
Published: March 2023

Background

ER+HER2+ breast cancer requires most types of systemic therapies perioperatively. However, treatment resistance is often experienced. The current study investigated the predictive and prognostic value of intratumoral heterogeneity and conventional clinicopathological factors in patients with ER+HER2+ breast cancer.

Methods

This research included two patient cohorts with ER+HER2+ breast cancer. Cohort A included patients who underwent surgery without neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Cohort B comprised patients who received NAC followed by surgery. Intratumoral heterogeneity was assessed via ER and HER2 double staining, and the number of cells stained with different patterns of ER and HER2 was counted.

Results

In total, 11 of 92 tumors in cohort A and four of 45 tumors in cohort B consisted exclusively of double‐positive (ER+ and HER2+) cells (homogeneous). The rest had different combinations of cells (heterogeneous). The pathological complete response (pCR) rates differed based on tumoral cell components but not intratumoral heterogeneity. The pCR rate of tumors with ER−HER2+ cells but without HER2− cells was higher than that of others (45.5% vs 4.3%; p = 0.0013). Low ER and PgR Allred scores indicated better pCR rates than high scores (p = 0.0005 and 0.024, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that the ER Allred score and cell component of ER−HER2+ cells without HER2− cells were independent predictors of pCR (p = 0.0055 and 0.0081, respectively).

In cohort B, posttreatment Ki67, but not pCR, was a prognostic factor of DFS and OS (p = 0.028 and 0.017, respectively). The prognostic value of combined posttreatment Ki67 and pCR was superior to that of either alone. Combined pCR and posttreatment Ki67 had an independent prognostic value for DFS and OS (p = 0.0068 and 0.0101, respectively).

Conclusions

In ER+HER2+ breast cancer, the presence of ER−HER2+ cells without HER2− cells was independently associated with pCR. Combined posttreatment Ki67 and pCR can be more precise in predicting prognosis than pCR alone.
Non‐worrisome scenario of acute abdomen
Authors: Boulas Konstantinos A. , Nathanailidou Maria , Sitaridis Konstantinos , Filippidis Isaac , Tsiariglis Ioannis , Hatzigeorgiadis Anestis
Published: March 2023

Differential diagnosis between benign and life‐threatening pneumatosis intestinalis poses a great dianostic dilemma.
Postpartum fevers, a rare presentation of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Lee Jacqueline , Pham Brian , Karanjawala Zarir E. , Adesina Oyebimpe
Published: March 2023

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare disease of excessive immune system activation. We report a case of HLH in a 20‐year‐old primigravid woman who presented with postpartum fevers. She was successfully treated with dexamethasone and anakinra, a deviation from the HLH‐94 protocol, to preserve her ability to breastfeed.
Introducing an esthetic treatment of malocclusion: Ultrasound‐assisted augmentation of premaxilla with injectable hyaluronic acid filler
Authors: Shekarriz Pantea , Shojaee Pardis
Published: March 2023

With advances in the ultrasound‐assisted esthetic procedures, filler injection can successfully be used for cosmetic correction of face structural imperfections. Here, we present a new filler injection method by targeting two anatomic landmarks which effectively improved the appearance of a mandibular prognathism case who was a maxillofacial cosmetic surgery candidate.