bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
We investigated the phytotoxicity of desert cotton (Aerva javanica) extracts on wild oat and wheat. Aqueous extracts from A. javanica roots, leaves and inflorescences collected from Jeddah and Al-Baha regions, Saudi Arabia were used. Generally, the allelopathic potential of water extracts of A. javanica collected from Jeddah were more in inhibitory to wild oat germination and seedlings growth than those from Al-Baha. In both regions, root extracts were inhibitory to wild oat followed by leaves and inflorescences extracts. All test aqueous extracts of both regions did not inhibit the wheat germination or seedlings growth.Whreas, the wild oat germination was reduced by root extracts 58.62 %, 28.62 % leaves extracts : 32.72 %, 17.72 % and inflorescences extract 28.11 %, 12.13 % by in plants samples collected from Jeddah and Al-Baha, respectively. Wild oat radical length was inhibited by root extracts 53.27 %, 32.84 % leaves 42.35 %, 9.63 % and inflorescences extracts 22.64 %, 16.75 % in case of Jeddah and Al-Baha plants, respectively. In pot culture experiment, all treatments markedly reduced the plant dry weight and soluble carbohydrates, proteins and free amino acids contents in wild oat. The differences in the allelopathic potentials of studied A. javanica extracts were related to the qualitative variations in their phytochemicals constituents. Our results showed that A. javanica extracts could be safely used to control wild oat growth in wheat fields after more detsaled research..
Authors: Norhafizah M.Z. , Suzani Sazleen W.S. Wan Nur , Chuah T.S.
Published: December 2020

This glasshouse study aimed to determine the herbicidal activity of allelochemicals 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP) on test weeds (Asystasia gangetica, Eleusine indica, Leptochloa chinensis and Oldenlandia verticillata) and to find the tolerance of test crops (Brassica rapa, Oryza sativa, Zea mays) to 2,4-DTBP. The 2,4-DTBP applied at 7 kg ai/ha inhibited the weeds seedling growth by 15-40 % only, showing its poor post emergence herbicidal activity. In contrast, soil bioassay confirmed pre-emergence herbicidal activity of 2,4-DTBP that reduced the seedling growth of weeds (L. chinensis, E. indica and O. verticillata) by 50- 80 % at 2.5 kg ai/ha but A. gangetica was tolerant to 2,4-DTBP even at 5 kg ai/ha. Crop tolerance test revealed that Zea mays was tolerant to 2,4-DTBP. In contrast, root lengths of transplanted Brassica rapa seedlings and Oryza sativa seedlings were reduced by 10- 15 % at 2,4-DTBP doses of 1.25 to 5 kg ai/ha, 14 days after treatment. However, these two crops seedlings became tolerant to 2,4-DTBP at 5 kg ai/ha, when applied 4 days after transplanting. Thus 2,4-DTBP may be developed as novel pre-emergence natural herbicide, without injuring the crops depending on their growth stages and crop species.
Allelopathic effects of phenolic acids on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla seedlings
Authors: Liao Ke-Bo , Yang Mei , Gao Han-Dong , Cheng Fei
Published: December 2020

We studied the allelopathic effects of phenolic acids in the Eucalyptus plantations soil on Eucalyptus seedlings growth. Based on the actual content of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, coumaric acid, benzoic acid and salicylic acids in soil of Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla plantations (X), concentration gradients of each phenolic acid (0.5X, 1.0X, 2.0X) were prepared to apply in potted Eucalyptus seedlings. The results showed that each of the 6-phenolic acids significantly (p < 0.05) promoted or inhibited the stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration rate, chlorophyll fluorescence (minimal fluorescence of dark-adapted leaves, maximal fluorescence of dark-adapted leaves, variable fluorescence of dark-adapted leaves, maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry). These treatments also influenced the water-use efficiency and growth parameters (height, root biomass, stem biomass, leaf biomass, shoot biomass, total biomass and root/shoot ratio) of Eucalyptus seedlings. Whereas, none of the test phenolic acids affected the ground diameter or net photosynthetic rate of seedlings. This study indicated that further experiments in Eucalyptus plantations are required to find, whether phenolic acids in Eucalyptus plantations soil significantly affected the growth of Eucalyptus trees under natural conditions and how to regulate the phenolic acids contents in forest soil?
OS CORPOS QUE (NÃO) IMPORTAM: USO DO DIREITO NA NORMALIZAÇÃO BIOPOLÍTICA DO GÊNERO A PARTIR DE UMA PERSPECTIVA FOUCAULTIANA
Authors: Forgiarini Balem Isadora , Silva de Souza Lucas , Ribas do Nascimento Valéria
Published: December 2020

Ao longo dos séculos, o controle político do estado sobre os indivíduos foi se alterando significativamente: da ostensividade de castigos físicos e suplícios às técnicas de controle cada vez mais sutis e eficientes. A problemática desse estudo se insere nas concepções foucaultianas de poder disciplinar e Biopolítica, sobretudo na ingerência estatal sobre os corpos e subjetividades a partir dos processos de normalização social operados na sexualidade humana. O presente artigo, por meio do método de abordagem dialético e utilizando-se dos métodos de procedimento histórico e bibliográfico, visa analisar de que forma a interpretação conservadora da sexualidade, possibilitou a construção de categorias de normalidade e anormalidade, que atendam a fins econômicos e políticos. Permite concluir que, como consequência de tais instrumentos de poder e em decorrência da projeção de formas estanques de masculinidade e feminilidade – calcadas em um sistema binário-, há um endosso à opressão identitária, sob a alcunha da sexualidade “desviante”, cuja implicação é a invisibilidade jurídica desses sujeitos, além da estigma social e a negação de uma existência digna por parte do Estado e do próprio sistema jurídico.
Framing 'digital well-being' as a social good
Authors: Daubs Michael , Beattie Alex
Published: December 2020

This contribution argues that companies such as Apple, Facebook, and Google are increasingly incorporating features that supposedly promote “digital well-being” to forestall regulation of their platforms and services. The inclusion of these features, such as Apple’s Screen Time, frames these commercial platforms as providing a social good by promising to encourage more “intentional” or “mindful” use of social media and mobile devices. As a result, oft-critiqued platforms are increasingly adopting the language of their critics in order to frame themselves as a social good. This strategy mimics that used by radio executives in the United States in the early twentieth century, where the medium developed as a predominantly commercial enterprise. To avoid regulation, it became necessary to perpetuate the perception that commercial broadcasters were also a social good that fulfilled a public service function. Platforms today, we assert, are inadvertently or purposefully adopting a similar tactic to position themselves as leaders in a developing digital wellness market in the hopes of avoiding future governmental regulation.
PENGARUH KONFLIK KEAGENAN TERHADAP CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DAN KINERJA PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Putra Wahyu Manuhara
Published: December 2020

Abstract This study aimed to test whether the Corporate Governance associated the Agent- Conflicts This research Used exploratory principal components analysis and kanonikal analysis on 6 individual governance variables to get the 5 factors representing different dimensions of corporate governance and treasures the agent, conflict firms based on 7 agency conflict proxies used in the literature. Results of analysis found that Companies with greater agency conflict has a mechanism for better corporate governance, in particular that the low ownership structure has a high impact on institutional ownership. Overall the result support the theory that the existence and role of corporate governance mechanisms on firm is a function of agency Conflict in the company. Keyword : Agency Conflicts, Corporate Governance, exploratory principal components analysis, kanonikal analysis
ANALISIS PEMBELAJARAN MATA KULIAH AUDITING (KOMPENTENSI DALAM AUDITOR JUDGMENT )
Authors: Wibowo Ery .
Published: December 2020

Abstrak proses pembelajaran mata kuliah auditing tidak bisa ditepaskan dengan tuntutan dunia praktik. Penerapan ilmu Auditing sebagai dasar kompetensi bagi profesi Auditor dalam dunia praktik membutuhkan perspeitif ilmu yang sangat luas. Pada prakteknya seorang Auditor tidak hanya cukup berbekal pemahaman secara kognisi terhadap ilmu Auditing yang berbasis pada ilmu akuntansi semata. Tetapi juga harus dituntut memiliki kemampuan interaksi sosial (soft skill). Makalah ini merupakan studi pustaka untuk mencoba membuat alur dalam mendisain sebuah proses pembelajaran bogi mata kuliah auditing yang memiliki dasar kompetensi bagi profesi Auditor. Kata kunci: pembelajaran, soft skill, audit djugment, kompentensi
ANALISIS KELAYAKAN DOLAR AMERIKA, EURO, DAN DINAR EMAS DALAM KONVERSI DOLAR AMERIKA SEBAGAI ALAT LINDUNG NILAI DENGAN EMAS SEBAGAI ALAT UKUR DALAM LAPORAN KEUANGAN
Authors: Arumsari Praditya Dewi , Hanum Ayu Noviani
Published: December 2020

For this study was to analyze the potential of the Gold Dinar as a hedging tool replaces the U.S. Dollar. U.S. Dollar in recent year experienced extreme exchange rate movements so that researchers analyzed the stability of the current compared to Euro that threatening position U.S. Dollar as the worlds major currencies. Stable currency has the accuracy and reliability in an accounting information to make decisions of an organization or company. The data used in this study is secondary data by type of time series. Monthly data from 2003 antil 2012. To determine the stability of each currency, the data obtained should be free from containt of the unit root, has a normal distributed, and constant. The volatility calculation of 0.0408792 (Gold Dinar), 0.0408790 (U.S. Dollar), and 0.040540 (Euro). Volatility is a statiscal measure of the diversion returns for a given security. From the research that has been done, calculation of the Euro states have a low risk of change in value and have a steady rate. With that result, Euro can be reference currency in financial reporting.Keywords: Hedging, U.S. Dollar, Euro, Gold Dinar, Gold, Accounting Information, Financial Reporting.
PENERAPAN ACTIVITY BASED COSTING SYSTEM SEBAGAI DASAR PENETAPAN TARIF JASA RAWAT INAP PADA RUMAH SAKIT ROEMANI MUHAMMADIYAH SEMARANG
Authors: Afifudin Mohammad , Agung S R. Ery Wibowo
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to gain knowledge about the determination of rates of hospitalization services using activity based costing, can be used as reference in setting tariffs inpatient services at Rumah Sakit Roemani Muhammadiyah Semarang and as means comparison with the rates of hospitalization for this set, as well as being one of that input provide information about activity based costing, especially in its application to a hospital that is the main orientation of community service. The method of analysis used descriptive method is to use the comparative analysis of the current hospital rates, set the cost method is based on activity based costing, and then compare the hospitalization rates based on activity based costing with its realization. The results showed that the calculation of hospitalization rates by using activity based costing, when compared with the rates used by the hospital activity based costing provides greater results for Class, IIB, PICU, dan BBRT and yields smallaer for class UTAMA, IA, IB,II, IIA, III dan R.BAYI. This is because the overhead loading on each product. On activity based costing, overhead costs for each product are charged to costs a lot of drivers. So that the activity based costing, has been able to allocate the cost of the activity room kesetiap appropriately based on the consumsion of aech activity.Keywords: activity based costing and cost driver.
Independensi, Komitmen Organisasi, Gaya Kepemimpinan, dan Pemahaman Good Governace Terhadap Kinerja Auditor
Authors: Sriyanto - , Arifah Dista Amalia
Published: December 2020

This study aims to independence, organization comitmen, leadership, and corporate governance understanding on public sector auditor performance. Research used internal governance auditor which belong to BPKP representation of Jawa Tengah province as population. Sample used convenience sampling method. From 60 questionare, it was only 42 return questionare. The statistic method used to test on the research hypothesis is multiple regression. The result of these study show that : organization comitmen, leadership, and corporate governance understanding had effect on public sector auditor performance.Keywords : auditor, independence, organization comitmen, leadership.
IbM Kelompok Tani Jamur di Kelurahan Tlogomulyo
Authors: Sukesti Fatmasari , Iriyanto Setia , . Purnomo
Published: December 2020

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STRATEGI MANAJEMEN SEBAGAI FAKTOR MITIGASI DALAM PENERIMAAN OPINI AUDIT: Studi empirik pada Perusahaan Manufaktur di Indonesia
Authors: Setyowati Widhy
Published: December 2020

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ANALISIS PENERAPAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS PERUSAHAAN (STUDI KASUS PADA PT SEMEN GRESIK)
Authors: Noviana Ita , Listyawati Ika
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the company's ability to generate profits beforedisclosing the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) report and after disclosing CorporateSocial Responsibility (CSR) at PT Semen Gresik. This study uses Return On Assets as ameasure of profitability ratios. The sample uses PT Semen Gresik financial statements beforeCorporate Social Responciability (CSR) in 2003-2006 and after Corporate SocialResponciability (CSR) in 2009-2012. The data collection method used in this study issecondary data, obtained from PROPER and from the company's official website. Dataanalysis method using descriptive statistical tests, Based on the results of testing descriptivestatistics there is an increase in profitability after the Corporate Social Responciability(CSR) or Sustainability report.
Implementasi Literasi Digital Guru SD Melalui Pendampingan Pembuatan Digital Material (Sway)
Authors: Kuncahyono Kuncahyono , Kumalasani Maharani Putri
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this service is to assist partners in improving digital literacy skills and teacher competencies at SDN Juwet 2 Kab. Kediri is one of the efforts to implement digital-based learning that can be used as online learning teaching materials. This research method uses a participatory action research (PAR) approach. The method of this activity is carried out based on research by 1) conducting socialization and workshops on digital material and digital literacy, 2) compiling digital material (sway) based on the internet, 3) implementing digital material products (sway) in online learning. The results of this research-based activity produce digital material (sway) products that can be used as online teaching materials. Second, the results of the pre-test and post-test show that the digital literacy skills of teachers have increased. The final result shows that the final product of making digital material is a digital material product (sway) which can be used as teaching material implemented in the online learning process with students
SOME FEATURES OF PAIRWISE 𝜶−𝑻𝟎 SPACES IN SUPRA FUZZY BITOPOLOGY
Authors: Miah MD. Hannan
Published: December 2020

Four concepts of supra fuzzy pairwise 𝑇𝟎 bitopological spaces are introduced and studied in this paper. We also establish some relationships among them and study some other properties of these spaces.
A PIONEERING AND COMPREHENSIVE DATABASE OF BALANCED AND UNBALANCED TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS FOR READY PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF EXISTING AND NEW METHODS
Authors: Kalhoro Huzoor Bux
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we present a comprehensive database of the data tables of some important transportation problems from literature, and experience with the proposition of new initial basic feasible (IBF) solution methods for the transportation problems. The paper contains a comprehensive database of 140 transportation problems, of which 103 are balanced, 25 are unbalanced and 12 are from research papers. The detailed description of the varying-nature test problems is described, and the optimal solutions of the 140 problems have been obtained by using the TORA software with the modified distribution (MODI) method. The algorithms of three methods: North-West-Corner (NWCM), Least cost (LCM) and Vogel’s approximation (VAM) have been used for IBF solutions. The final optimal results are also quoted for the ready reference of researchers and practitioners. The database of problems and their optimal solutions will be a great aid to researchers and practitioners working with the existing and new methods for solving transportation problems. A pioneering investigation of the performance evaluation of NWCM, LCM and VAM has also been conducted as a benchmark for the similar assessment of other existing and forthcoming IBF and /or optimal solution methods for the transportation problems.
ADIATION SHIELDING EFFECT OF BASALT CONCRETE; AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH
Authors: Wali Engr. Furqan
Published: December 2020

This paper presents an assessment of gamma radiation performance, specifically in terms of attenuation energy, of concrete containing coarse aggregate having different physical and chemical properties. Basalt being heavier and somehow having high specific gravity is likely to have a good performance against gamma radiation. Through this paper, the author has made a comparison between the concrete having different coarse aggregates, normal aggregate phase and basaltic aggregate phase by evaluating the attenuation energies of both the phases at the Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine (IRNUM) Peshawar. Also, the water to cement ratio (W/C) for both the phases was distinguished i.e. 3.5 and 5.7 to make the results more promising and enabling to make the comparison effective. The test was likely to be conducted on Molds having 10 cm by 10 cm cross-section of each W/C ratio with varying thickness of about 2cm and will lead up to 10cm. The detecting device used was a phoenix teletherapy machine operating with a former type ionization chamber having an energy of 1.25 MeV. The source of radiation was Cobalt 60. The results indicated that basalt despite having strong physical properties is insufficient to be used for Gamma shielding. The two materials vary very little, so it is negligible to be used for a specific reason.
AUTISM IN THE DISCOURSE OF THE RUSSIAN MASS MEDIA: CONSTRUCTING OF THE IMAGE OF A HUMAN WITH ASD
Authors: Zh.V. Saveleva
Published: December 2020

The prevalence of autism is growing, the problems of stigmatization and discrimination of people with autism spectrum disorders in society are exacerbating. The mass media play an important role in enlightening and reducing stigmatizing effects, in connection with which the goal was formulated to study the construction of images of a person with ASD in the mass media by the method of qualitative and discourse analysis of video clips from the federal channel. According to the results of the study, it can be argued that the range of characteristics used to describe people with autism in media discourse is diverse, but in retrospect, dominant interpretation models can be identified. At an early stage, the prevailing image of a person with ASD was deprived of the quality’s characteristic of normotypical people who do not want to leave their world. People diagnosed with autism were referred to as the intolerant category of "autistic". Since 2013, there has been a discursive turn, within which the category “autist” is replaced by tolerant speech patterns, adults with autism get into the lens of the media, the topic of uncommunicability as a property of a person with autism is replaced by the intention of the lack of opportunities to communicate, one of the reasons for which is social exclusion. In television stories of recent years, the mass media are actively constructing the image of a person with autism spectrum disorder through his inner world, through the advantages that a person with ASD can have due to his characteristics. However, it cannot be said that there has been a complete change of the image: the old cliches, as a rule, manifest themselves at a more latent level of grammatical constructions and semiotic meanings.
STUDY OF THE DEGREE OF POTENTIAL EROSION DANGER OF HORN-BROWN TYPES OF SOILS IN THE EXAMPLE OF THE NORTHEASTERN PART OF AZERBAIJAN
Authors: Z.H. Aliyev
Published: December 2020

On plots of fields under crops under crops, the signs on which it is possible to determine the degree of ero-sion of soils are the inside covering and plant heights. With the enthusiasm of the steepness of the slopes, the possi-bility of using cultivated crops as indicators of soil erosion decreases. The degree of soil washout period of natural forage lands can be assessed on the basis of the dependence of the existing between the plant stand and the degree of soil erosion. Strongly eroded soil of slope meadows can be recognized by ecological care regimes of habitats of vegetation.
PREREQUISITES FOR THE MOISTURE SUPPLY OF AGRICULTURAL LAND TO ACHIEVE ECOLOGICAL PURE CROPS IN AZERBAIJAN
Authors: Z.H. Aliyev
Published: December 2020

The current information on moisture and the temperature of the ground in managerial system by produc-tion to agricultural product necessary, in the first place, for taking the operative decisions at development ecologi-cal clean technology irrigation under growing agricultural cultures to achieve the maximum harvest.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE APPLICATION OF COMPREHENSIVE MEASURES TO COMBAT EROSION USING IRRIGATION IN A MARKET ECONOMY IN AZERBAIJAN (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE KUR-ARAKS PLAIN)
Authors: Z.H. Aliyev
Published: December 2020

Studies in the article have shown that productivity increases with improved structure. This is explained by the fact that in soils with 0.25 mm diameter water-resistant aggregates of 14%, grain yield is 22.2 cents / ha, while water-resistant aggregates are 8%. In soils, this figure decreased to 18.4 cents / ha (3.8 cents / ha). It is also known that alfalfa plays a key role in improving the water-physical properties of the soil, as well as its agrochemical composition. The author's research shows that the amount of water-resistant aggregates under the clover is much higher than in the cotton fields. This can be clearly seen from the following comparison. Thus, the amount of water-resistant aggregates in 0-10 cm of soil in the cotton field is 4.0-18.5; While 0.5 cm is 6.5-11.2 and 20-30 cm is 4.5-18.2, in clover crops this indicator is 35.0; Increased to 24.7 and 27.0. In addition, it revealed the accumulation of more organic and mineral substances under alfalfa cultivation. They proved this by the analysis of soil samples taken from the one-year and two-year plots. It was found that 1.66% humus and 0.112% total nitrogen were accumulated in the topsoil of the annual alfalfa field, while the amount of humus accumulated in the topsoil in the biennial clover field was 1.70% and the total nitrogen content was 0.150%. It should be noted. that the development of irrigation erosion in irrigated arable lands depends on the fact that the surface of the area is covered with a large cover. This was clearly shown by the observations. It was found that both relatively weak (0.4 mm / min) and very (1.4 mm / min) heavy rains protect clover soil from further washing. Thus, 0.4 mm / min. In heavy rains, the depth of the furrow under alfalfa is 14.4 mm, 31 mm at 1.4 mm / min, 50.9 and 64.2 mm between rows of cotton, respectively, and 78.6 and 113 mm along the row. 6 mm
SACRED FEATURES OF THE DEFENSIVE ARCHITECTURE OF BOHEMIA OF THE LATE MIDDLE AGES
Authors: E.V. Kilimnik
Published: December 2020

The proposed work on the basis of the philosophical-architectural approach explores the development of 15th century fortification systems in the Czech and Moravian lands under the influence of the anti-clerical national liberation struggle of the Houthis during the reform Movement of Jan Gus, who had a direct influence on the mental values of society in this locus of late-medieval Europe. The relevance of the work is due to the fact that in modern national science this phenomenon of culture - the features of fortifications and names of castles and cities of the late Middle Ages was not considered. The goal is to identify the general and special in the formation of defense architecture in the Czech Republic in the 15th century, national liberation movement in the Czech and Moravian lands.
Reconstrucción de la autoridad epistémica de las mujeres a través del autoconocimiento y la transformación de hábitos corporizados
Authors: Cely Flor Emilce
Published: December 2020

En este texto se analiza la importancia de la construcción o el fortalecimiento de la autoridad y confianza epistémicas desde la perspectiva de primera persona de las mujeres y cómo estas cualidades se pueden explorar en su íntima conexión con la confianza corporizada. Las mujeres, a través de sus experiencias particulares de sí mismas, del mundo y de los otros, asimilan de manera perjudicial la desconfianza epistémica que su comunidad de conocimiento les transmite. Se desarrolla esta tesis con base en la concepción fenomenológica de cuerpo vivido, tal como fue planteada por Merleau-Ponty, pero con un énfasis en los trabajos de Simone de Beauvoir e Iris Young, pues son estos los que permiten comprender cómo las estructuras fundamentales de la experiencia y los modos de ser corporizados de las mujeres recorren una ruta experiencial diferente a la de los hombres en razón del tipo de sociedad en que se encuentran. En la parte final del texto se propone una manera de reconstruir o fortalecer la confianza y autoridad epistémicas de las mujeres a partir de una ruta de autoconocimiento corporizado y del cambio de hábitos.
El campo epistemológico de la educación como una poética del saber.
Authors: Moreno Trujillo Eduard Esteban
Published: December 2020

El objetivo de este texto es determinar las formas como se ha constituido el campo de la educación en Colombia, en el plano epistemológico. A partir de la identificación de sus principales discontinuidades y rupturas en una perspectiva que privilegia el análisis historiográfico, reflexiono sobre las definiciones que ofrece la categoría de campo, las tendencias investigativas a nivel local y los diversos desdoblamientos epistemológicos que han delineado su devenir como campo de estudio en el contexto nacional. De este modo, propongo la construcción de una suerte de topografía del campo educativo que de luces sobre sus nuevos horizontes de sentido
A Theory of Vicarious Liability
Authors: Neyers J. W.
Published: December 2020

This article proposes a theory' of vicarious liability which attempts to explain the central features and limitations of the doctrine. The main premise of the article is that the common law should continue to impose vicarious liability because it can co-exist with the current tort law regime that imposes liability for fault. The author lays out the central features of the doctrine of vicarious liability and examines why the leading rationales (such as control, compensation, deterrence, loss-spreading, enterprise liability and mixed policy) fail to explain or account for its doctrinal rules.

The author offers an indemnity theory for vicarious liability and examines why the current rules of vicarious liability are limited in application to employer-employee relationships and do not extend further. It is proposed that the solution to the puzzle of vicarious liability rests within the contractual relationship between employer-employee and not the relationship between the employer and the tort victim. The proposed indemnity theory implies a contract term that indemnifies the employee for harms suffered in the course of his or her employment. Vicarious liability then follows from an application of the contractual concepts of subrogation and indemnity to the particular relationship between employee, employer and tort victim. Finally, the article discusses and attempts to resolve the possible criticisms that may follow the indemnity theory, including concerns that it is in conflict with leading decisions, including Lister v. Romford. Bazley v. Curry and Morgans v. Launchbury.
Therapy of chronic stenosis of laryngotracheal stenosis with the use of mesenchymal stem cells: two-year observation results
Authors: Antonevich N. G. , Hancharou A. Y. , Chekan V. L. , Shulepova E. A. , Rynda A. H.
Published: December 2020

Laryngotracheal stenosis is a serious pathological process that leads to the narrowing of the airways because of damage of the mucous membrane and the formation of pathophysiological mechanisms of regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to be able to suppress the inflammatory response and to stimulate tissue regeneration; that is why, they are a promising biomedical cell product for treatment of laryngotracheal stenosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and long-term clinical efficacy of cell therapy of laryngotracheal stenosis using autologous MSCs of the olfactory lining (OL). The clinicalstudy included patients with a diagnosis of laryngotracheal stenosis (J38.6 and J95.5 according to ICD-10) without compromising the integrity of the cartilage frame with or without a tracheostomy/laryngostomy, including patients after surgical interventions to restore the lumen of the larynx and trachea. Clinical trials of laryngotracheal stenosis using autologous olfactory mucosa-derived mesenchymal stem cells were carried out. Cell therapy was safe and well tolerated, and prevented the restenosis and formation of scar granulation tissue during 2 years of observation in all patients included in the clinical study. The restoration of the larynx and trachea lumen, the improved respiratory function and the increased exercise tolerance were observed in 6 patients who had no cartilage disorder. The data obtained indicate the high clinical efficacy of the method of cell therapy of laryngotracheal stenosis using autologous olfactory mucosa-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
Changes in the concentration of sulfur-containing amino acids in the brain after methionine load in the experimentChanges in the concentration of sulfur-containing amino acids in the brain after methionine load in the experiment
Authors: Novogrodskaya Ya. I. , Doroshenko Ye. M. , Kurbat M. N.
Published: December 2020

The effect of methionine overload on the state of the pool of sulfur-containing amino acids and their metabolites was studied in the various brain structures determined by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In all regions of the brain studied, methionine led to a unidirectional imbalance of sulfur-containing compounds: there was an increase in the concentrations of methionine, cystathionine and hypotaurine. The most pronounced increase in methionine and hypotaurine levels was observed in the striatum, cystathionine in the hemispheres. A significant increase in taurine concentration was observed only in the hypothalamus and striatum. In other parts of the brain a tendency to increase its level was shown. In all brain regions studied except the striatum, serine levels were decreased. In the cerebellum, in comparison with other regions, an increase in the level of cysteic acid and a decrease in the level of cysteinesulfinic acid were observed, which indicates that taurine synthesis is occurred mainly through the cysteine sulfinate oxidation.
Correction of metabolic disorders in patients with aneurysmal intracranial hemorrhages
Authors: Nechipurenko N. I. , Sidorovich R. R. , Pashkouskaya I. D. , Ahremchuk A. I. , Prokopenko T. A.
Published: December 2020

The article presents data assessment of the severity of the clinical condition and a number of biochemical parameters in 51 patients with aneurysmal intracranial hemorrhage on the 10th day, on average, after the rupture of the arterial aneurysm and after treatment with the additional use of magnesium sulfate to standard therapy in the postoperative period. It is shown, that at the time of hospitalization, 75 % of patients in the control group and 50 % of patients in the main group had cerebral vascular spasm according to transcranial dopplerography; activation of lipid peroxidation processes, a decrease in superoxide dismutase activity, an increase in the content of vascular endothelial growth factor and highly sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP) with a decrease in the level of stable nitrogen monoxide exchange products were detected. A statistically significant improvement in the clinical condition of patients on the Hunt-Hess scale, the modified Fisher scale, and an increase in the score on the Glasgow coma scale with normalization of pro- and antioxidant status of the blood were revealed in the main group after neurosurgical treatment and course use of magnesium sulfate. At the same time, high levels of highly sensitive CRP and low levels of nitrates/nitrites in the patients blood of both groups are maintained. Consequently, the additional use of magnesium sulfate improves the clinical condition of patients with intracranial hemorrhage and increases the antioxidant potential of the blood in the postoperative period.
Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism, bone mineral density and 25(OH)D level in women with оsteopоrosis
Authors: Rudenka A. V. , Rudenka E. V. , Samokhovec V. Yu. , Kobets K. V. , Marozik P. M.
Published: December 2020

Vitamin D plays an important role in bone metabolism and pathology. Although the VDR gene is one of the most studied determinants of bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis (OP), its exact effects have yet to be established. Prediction of OP and/or fracture risk, based on individual genetic profile, is of high importance. The aim of our study was to develop prognostic model for postmenopausal OP individual risk evaluation in Belarusian women, based on the analysis of VDR gene variants. Case group included women with postmenopausal OP (n = 350), the control group comprised of women with normal BMD and without previous fragility fractures (n  =  243). VDR gene ApaI rs7975232, BsmI rs1544410, TaqI rs731236, FokI rs2228570 and Cdx2 rs11568820 variants were determined using TaqMan genotyping assays. We revealed a significant association of single ApaI A/A (p = 0.045), BsmI T/T (p = 0.015) and TaqI G/G (p = 0.005) variants and their A-T-G-haplotype (OR  =  4.6, p  =  0.003) with increased OP risk. Together with Cdx2 rs11568820, these variants correlated with BMD (p <0.05 in all cases). For the bearers of non-favorable alleles of VDR gene variants, the serum 25(OH)D level was significantly increased. The constructed from informative VDR gene variants model of individual OP risk evaluation possessed a good prognostic value (AUC = 0.79) with high sensitivity level (82.9 %) and average specificity (69.4 %). Our findings highlight the importance of analyzed VDR gene variants for personalized OP risk prediction.
Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Beta-lactams Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Bovine Mastitis and its Zoonotic Implications
Authors: Khan Ammara
Published: December 2020

Rise of antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a higher risk and great concern to global health. Zoonotic transfer of such strains is well documented. Present study evaluated the presence of resistant S. aureus from mastitic Nilli Ravi buffaloes and nasal carriage of milkers. Phenotypic profile of S. aureus isolates was conducted against penicillin, ampicillin, and cefoxitin. PCR analysis revealed presence of blaZ gene and mecA gene from S. aureus isolated from milk and milkers samples. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis depicts the divergence of mecA gene originated from bovine and human but for the blaZ gene, no divergence was detected. The high degree of genetic relatedness among blaZ and mecA genes in bovine and human S. aureus isolates from same farm suggests the potential transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes between buffaloes and milkers, highlighting the importance of one-health approach to promote global health
Pre-service Teachers’ Conceptions Revealed from Interpreting and Using Rate of Change
Authors:   The Korea Society Of Educational Studies In Mathematics, Lee Jihyun , Yi Gyuhee
Published: December 2020

The function concept arose from analyzing the relationships between co-varying quantities to model change. From the covariation perspective of function, we analyzed the responses of 13 pre-service teachers to the tasks to interpret rates of change or reason the corresponding change of one quantity from the changes of the other using the given rate of change; by using the rate of change, a change of one quantity can be directly deduced from the given change of the other quantity. Most of the pre-service teachers reasoned the change correctly. However, a portion of pre-service teachers reflexively calculated the formula of the function and the difference between the two values of the function. In addition, some teachers revealed their insufficient understanding of the slope of the linear function.
The conceptions of pre-service teachers help elucidate what and how students might learn and might not learn about functions from the school mathematics curriculum.
Auditory effects and consequences of noise pollution in humans: A scoping review
Authors: Nazia Begam , Abu Bashar
Published: December 2020

Noise is widespread in everyday life and can cause both auditory and non-auditory health impacts. Noise-induced hearing loss remains highly prevalent in occupational settings and is now increasingly caused by exposure to social and environmental noise. Incidence of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) has been observed to increase substantially in the recent years. Several advances have taken place in past few years for understanding the molecular basis of NIHL. Our understanding of molecular mechanisms implicated in noise-induced hair-cell and nerve damage has significantly increased. Research in the field of genetics is also advancing at a rapid speed, and several genes linked to NIHL have been discovered. This could help in developing preventive and treatment strategies. This review article focuses on the current research and future trends on auditory effects and consequences of noise pollution in humans, stressing the importance of adequate noise prevention and mitigation strategies as a public health measures.
Effects of Microcredit on Crop Productivity in District Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Authors: ROVIDAD MUHAMMAD , RAZA ALI , AKBAR SHAHID
Published: December 2020

This study investigates the effects of microcredit on crop productivity in three villages located in district Charsadda, Pakistan. Khushali Bank, Pakistan, is an important institute that finances microcredit ranging from 15,000 to 50,000 PKR (Pakistani Rupees) per person. Sample size of 200 was choose for the analysis of this study, out of which 90 responded. Ninety farmers from three villages producing maize, tobacco, and sugarcane were interviewed. A paired sample t-test was applied to compare crop productivity in situations where microcredit was supplied with situations where it was not. Production per acre of all the three crops show a significant positive correlation with the amount of microcredit obtained from the bank. However, crop productivity remained significantly constant. Thus micro financing generally improves crop production; however, the constancy of crop productivity is explained by small credit volumes, by high interest rates, by lack of modern agricultural technology, by lack of productive ideas, and by bad monitoring through field officers of banks. The analysis of this study suggests some policy implications first, micro financing is a source of encouragement for the needy farmers, so local banks should advertise micro financing regularly. Second, the banks should increase its micro financing credit up to 200000 PKR, so that farmers can easily manage their expenses that will be more beneficial for local economy and individual profit. Third, Banks must decrease interest rate that will encourage needy farmers to take loans on regular basis. Keywords: Agricultural Technology, Microcredit, Productivity, Khushali Bank, KP, Pakistan.
Learning Strategy at The University of Muhammadiyah Gresik
Authors: Muyasaroh Muyasaroh , Yusuf S. Mohammad Ahyan
Published: December 2020

Basicly a lecturer should have the skills determine the learning strategy because learning strategy is important for student. For that this research aims to know learning strategy applied by a lecturer to student in the lecture. So as to formulate a problem of this research is how learning strategy by the lecturer of Islamic religion faculty at the University of Muhammadiyah Gresik. This research aimed to describe the learning strategy conducted by the lecturer of Islamic religion faculty at the University of Muhammadiyah Gresik. As for the methods used in this research is qualitative descriptive method with using data collection techniques include interviews, observation and documentation. Than the object of research in the form of the activities of learning strategy applied by the lecturer of Islamic religion faculty at the time lecture in the classroom, while the research subject is the lecturer of Islamic religion faculty and the students of Islamic religion faculty that is possible to add the necessary data in research. Data analysis using model data analysis of Milles and Hubberman with test the validity of the data using triangulation techniques and member check.
Nuemocitoma en el diagnóstico diferencial de nódulo pulmonar sospechoso de malignidad : reporte de 2 casos, Clínica Reina Sofía, Bogotá.
Authors: Martínez Stella , Huertas Sandra , Escobar Laura , Vanegas Ana María
Published: December 2020

Nuemocitoma en el diagnóstico diferencial de nódulo pulmonar sospechoso de malignidad
Evaluación de costo-utilidad de un programa de atención integral de niños con asma en un país de ingresos medios.
Authors: Dueñas Meza E. , Torres Duque C. A. , Karpf E. , Afanador F. , Barón O. , Angarita O. , Pachón A.
Published: December 2020

Evaluación de costo-utilidad de un programa de atención integral de niños con asma en un país de ingresos medios
Exactitud diagnóstica de la prueba de provocación bronquial con metacolina y la clínica del paciente en la confirmación de asma en niños.
Authors: Dueñas Elida , Mancera Sandra , Aguirre Carlos , Giraldo Luis Fernando
Published: December 2020

Exactitud diagnóstica de la prueba de provocación bronquial con metacolina
Fibrosis intersticial relacionada con tabaquismo (SRIF) e hipertensión pulmonar : reporte de caso.
Authors: Torres González July , Celis Preciado Carlos , Arias Liliana , Rodríguez Sarmiento Jorge
Published: December 2020

Fibrosis intersticial relacionada con tabaquismo (SRIF)
Paracoccidioidomicosis pulmonar : reporte de caso.
Authors: Valencia Castaño Tatiana , Celis Preciado Carlos A. , González Ivan Enrique , Arias Liliana
Published: December 2020

Paracoccidioidomicosis pulmonar
Hallazgos tomográficos de engrosamiento pleural, correlación clínico patológica.
Authors: García Wilches Andrés David , Morales Cárdenas Adriana , Izquierdo Orozco Maria Alejandra , Zapata Humberto , Alvarado Ana María , Lutz Peña Juan Ricardo , Carrillo Jorge Alberto
Published: December 2020

Hallazgos tomográficos de engrosamiento pleural
Hemorragia alveolar por consumo de cocaína.
Authors: Ortega Ramírez Gustavo Eduardo , Fajardo Javier Enrique , Peñaloza Guerra Laura Marcela , Neira Triana Kristhel Andrea
Published: December 2020

Hemorragia alveolar por consumo de cocaína
Predictores tomográficos de rendimiento diagnóstico de biopsias pleurales percutáneas.
Authors: García Wilches Andrés , Morales Cárdenas Adriana , Izquierdo María Alejandra , Zapata Humberto , Alvarado Ana , Lutz Juan Ricardo , Carrillo Jorge Alberto
Published: December 2020

Predictores tomográficos de rendimiento diagnóstico de biopsias pleurales percutáneas
Tumor miofibroblástico, tumor pulmonar infrecuente.
Authors: Muto Badanian Macarena , Trostchansky Julio , Bodega Laura , Durand Emilio
Published: December 2020

Tumor miofibroblástico
Die fotografische Inszenierung ökologischen Bewusstseins
Authors: Steinnebel Jana
Published: December 2020

In diesem Beitrag wird die medienwirksame Inszenierung von ökologischem Bewusstsein diskutiert. Dafür wird auf einen visuellen Online-Diskurs Bezug genommen, dessen thematischer Schwerpunkt in der Darstellung von nachhaltigkeitsorientierten Reisen besteht. Gegenstand der Analyse sind von Reiseblogger_innen auf der Social-Media-Plattform Instagram geteilte Bildbeiträge, die in den Kontext einer nachhaltigkeitsorientierten Reisepraxis gestellt werden. Dabei geht es nicht nur darum zu zeigen, wie der Eindruck einer vermeintlich ökologischen Online-Repräsentation entsteht, sondern vielmehr zu ermitteln, welchen psychosozialen Aspekten diese dient.
»Man muss ja irgendwie funktionieren«
Authors: Schneider Irith , Valjanow Alice , Bitzer Eva-Maria , Tempes Jana
Published: December 2020

Ziel dieses Beitrags ist die Identifizierung von Belastungen und Copingstrategien ziviler Seenotretter/innen. Hierfür erfolgten im Mai 2019 vier leitfadengestützte Einzelinterviews mit der Zielgruppe. Die Befragten berichteten von einer Vielzahl an Belastungen und verfügen bereits über ein breites Spektrum an problemund emotionsorientiertem Annäherungsund Vermeidungscoping. Trotzdem besteht Bedarf an einer professionellen (psychologischen) Vorund Nachbereitung.
Demand Analysis Models for Passenger Air Transportation
Authors: Zhukov V. E.
Published: December 2020

Analysis of demand for air transportation is a key business process around which each airline develops strategic and operational plans. Based on the demand forecast, strategic plans for development of the airline’s route network are developed, as well as budgeting, financial planning, sales and marketing plans, aircraft fleet planning, risk assessment and plans to overcome their consequences. Demand analysis also facilitates important management activities, such as decision-making, performance evaluation, and reasonable allocation of resources in specific and uncertain conditions for development of the air transport system. Based on the specific requirements of the airline or in relation to a specific airline, an individual demand forecasting model can be developed. Such a model is an extension or a combination of various qualitative and quantitative methods for forecasting demand. The task of developing a custom model is often iterative, highly detailed, and driven by expert knowledge and can be accomplished by introducing suitable demand management software. The task stated in the article is not a staging task for building a model, but only offers to study the available theoretical material for the analysis of demand for air transportation based on the most famous models for forecasting demand for transportation. The method of scientific research of the problem posed in the article is the method of scientific analysis of existing models. Offer and demand for air transport services are reciprocal but asymmetric. Although the realized demand for transportation cannot take place without an appropriate level of supply, an air transport service can exist without appropriate demand. This is often found in projects that are developed with a margin that meets the expected level of demand, which may or may not be realized, or it may take several years to be realized. Regular air transport services form a supply that exists even if demand is insufficient. Several models presented in the article emphasize the conditions in which there is supply saturation, and on the other hand, the models in which demand is formed due to the mutual attractiveness of the entities that form demand are considered.