bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polystyrene-based eosin-Y as a photocatalyst for solar light-mediated NADH/NADPH regeneration and organic transformations
Authors: Singh Pooja , Chaubey Surabhi , Singh Chandani , Singh Satyam , Yadav Rajesh K. , Singh Atul P. , Subhash P. D. , Tiwari Dhanesh , Gupta Navneet K. , Kim Tae Wu
Published: January 2023

An efficient polymer-based photocatalyst was developed for the solar-mediated photocatalytic reaction.
Quantum self-consistent equation-of-motion method for computing molecular excitation energies, ionization potentials, and electron affinities on a quantum computer
Authors: Asthana Ayush , Kumar Ashutosh , Abraham Vibin , Grimsley Harper , Zhang Yu , Cincio Lukasz , Tretiak Sergei , Dub Pavel A. , Economou Sophia E. , Barnes Edwin , Mayhall Nicholas J.
Published: January 2023

We present a new hybrid quantum algorithm to estimate molecular excited and charged states on near-term quantum computers following any VQE-based ground state estimation.
Electrochemical oxidation of styrene to benzaldehyde by discrimination of spin-paired π electrons
Authors: Luo Xiaoxue , Tang Xiaoxia , Ni Jingtian , Wu Baijing , Li Cunpu , Shao Minhua , Wei Zidong
Published: January 2023

The vinyl group is activated by discrimination of π electrons to be selectively oxidized with water splitting intermediates.
EuIII functionalized silica nanoparticles encapsulating chiral CrIII complexes with simultaneous unpolarized red and polarized NIR-I luminescence
Authors: Jiménez Juan-Ramón , Míguez-Lago Sandra , Poncet Maxime , Ye Yating , Ruiz César López , Cruz Carlos M. , Campaña Araceli G. , Colacio Enrique , Piguet Claude , Herrera Juan Manuel
Published: January 2023

Mixing a chiral Cr(iii) complex with an achiral Eu(iii) complex into a silica nanoparticle gave rise to simultaneous unpolarized red and polarized NIR luminescence.
Recent advances in mixing-induced nanoprecipitation: from creating complex nanostructures to emerging applications beyond biomedicine
Authors: Chen Tianyou , Peng Yan , Qiu Meishuang , Yi Changfeng , Xu Zushun
Published: January 2023

Nanoparticles with complex nanostructures created by mixing-induced nanoprecipitation and their emerging applications beyond biomedicine are reviewed.
Speech/Language Impairment or Specific Learning Disability? Examining the Usage of Educational Categories
Authors: Georgan Wendy C. , Archibald Lisa M. D. , Hogan Tiffany P.
Published: January 2023

Purpose:

Developmental language disorder (DLD) is a lifelong condition that when impacting educational performance is identified and serviced through U.S. schools as outlined in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. A few examples of educational categories that refer to DLD are (a) speech or language impairment (S/LI) and (b) specific learning disability (SLD). In this research note, we aim to examine trends in how these categories are assigned.

Method:

We analyzed publicly available data released by the U.S. Department of Education from six school years between 2010 and 2020. We examined the use of S/LI and SLD categories across students of different ages at the U.S. national and state levels.

Results:

We present a trend in which younger students tend to be identified with the S/LI category, whereas older students tend to be identified with the SLD category. This trend is evident in all 6 years of data analyzed at the national level, and in 49 of 50 states.

Conclusions:

We discuss these findings in the context of research on language disorders to explain this trend. We highlight the potential damaging effects of using inconsistent terminology, including affecting the services for which students with DLD qualify and causing confusion for their parents and educators.
Opportunities and Challenges for Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology Services in Arabic-Speaking Middle East Countries
Authors: Ghali Samantha , Abdalla Fauzia , Aseeri Areej
Published: January 2023

Purpose:

This article outlines opportunities and challenges pertaining to service delivery faced by audiologists and speech-language pathologists/therapists working in Arabic-speaking Middle Eastern nations. Among the most diverse regions in the world, the Middle East is a region characterized by rapid development in a number of sectors relevant to audiology and speech-language pathology, including education and health care. Despite these developments, there remains a number of challenges, including growing service demands, awareness of the scope of practice of audiologists and speech-language pathologists/therapists, regulation of clinical practice, and shortages of clinicians and evidence-based clinical resources.

Conclusion:

Developments to address these challenges, as well as strategies that may enhance service delivery, will be presented.
Noise‐tolerate and adaptive coefficient zeroing neural network for solving dynamic matrix square root
Authors: Xiao Xiuchun , Jiang Chengze , Mei Qixiang , Zhang Yudong
Published: January 2023

The solving of dynamic matrix square root (DMSR) problems is frequently encountered in many scientific and engineering fields. Although the original zeroing neural network is powerful for solving the DMSR, it cannot vanish the influence of the noise perturbations, and its constant‐coefficient design scheme cannot accelerate the convergence speed. Therefore, a noise‐tolerate and adaptive coefficient zeroing neural network (NTACZNN) is raised to enhance the robust noise immunity performance and accelerate the convergence speed simultaneously. Then, the global convergence and robustness of the proposed NTACZNN are theoretically analysed under an ideal environment and noise‐perturbed circumstances. Furthermore, some illustrative simulation examples are designed and performed in order to substantiate the efficacy and advantage of the NTACZNN for the DMSR problem solution. Compared with some existing ZNNs, the proposed NTACZNN possesses advanced performance in terms of noise tolerance, solution accuracy, and convergence rate.
Modelling penetration testing with reinforcement learning using capture‐the‐flag challenges: Trade‐offs between model‐free learning and a priori knowledge
Authors: Zennaro Fabio Massimo , Erdődi László
Published: January 2023

Penetration testing is a security exercise aimed at assessing the security of a system by simulating attacks against it. So far, penetration testing has been carried out mainly by trained human attackers and its success critically depended on the available expertise. Automating this practice constitutes a non‐trivial problem because of the range and complexity of actions that a human expert may attempt. The authors focus their attention on simplified penetration testing problems expressed in the form of capture the flag hacking challenges, and analyse how model‐free reinforcement learning algorithms may help solving them. In modelling these capture the flag competitions as reinforcement learning problems the authors highlight the specific challenges that characterize penetration testing. The authors show how this challenge may be eased by relying on different forms of prior knowledge that may be provided to the agent. Since complexity scales exponentially as soon as the set of states and actions for the reinforcement learning agent is extended, the need to restrict the exploration space by using techniques to inject a priori knowledge is highlighted, thus making it possible to achieve solutions more efficiently.
Multi‐hop teleportation of arbitrary multi‐qudit states based on d‐level GHZ channels
Authors: Ding Yi , Jiang Min
Published: January 2023

The combination of quantum communication technology and wireless networks brings a flexible and secure communication method that adapts to a more complex and open network environment. A new multi‐hop teleportation scheme is investigated for transferring arbitrary unknown multi‐qudit states between two distant parties. Based on a more general quantum routing protocol, intermediate nodes are introduced and linked with each other via d‐level entangled Greenberger‐Horne‐Zeilinger states as quantum channels. In this multi‐hop teleportation protocol, the source node and all the intermediate nodes can perform the entanglement measurement and transmit the measurement results simultaneously, thus reducing the time consumption largely. Furthermore, a general matrix formula is derived between the measurement results and the receiver's state, which enables the receiver to restore the unknown state efficiently. Compared with previous multi‐hop teleportation protocols, the teleportation protocol of arbitrary unknown multi‐qudit states of the authors can transfer more information, and it demonstrates lower computational complexity and higher flexibility.
Features of the information modeling use of real estate objects in the housing market
Authors: Khrustalev Boris , Grabovy Pyotr , Grabovy Kirill , Kargin Alexey
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the application and formation of new scientific approaches and practical recommendations for the use of information modeling technology in the activities of enterprises of the construction complex at the stages of the life cycle of the construction of real estate objects. Research methods are theoretical analysis and empirical study. The object of analysis is the enterprises of the construction complex in the conditions of the formation of the factor space at all stages of the life cycle. Quantification of factors influences the outcome. The article proposes new scientific, practical approaches to the functioning and development of enterprises of the construction complex in conditions of risk, as well as factors of uncertainty in construction production based on the use of information modeling technology, the use of effective models for managing the construction of facilities. A flexible management model is proposed that allows you to respond to all changes in the external environment, timely manage costs, including the timing of work, which allows you to quickly adjust the progress of production processes in space and time when any types of risks occur.
Management solutions complex for the cost evaluation of residential cultural heritage objects
Authors: Panteleeva Margarita , Pletneva Alexandra
Published: January 2023

With the development of technology mankind seeks to know its past, to preserve all that remains of the ancestors. In all countries of the world there are so-called objects of cultural heritage (hereinafter - OCH), which are valuable from the point of view of history, architecture, culture, and art. In some of them, people still live. As with other housing owners of OCH make transactions, conclude contracts of sale. But one of the most controversial topics, is the question of assessing the value of such housing. The apartment in a monument house cannot cost the same as in a modern house. The question of market value of such objects is voluminous, as it requires considering several factors: maintenance and restoration costs. There is no unified methodology of valuation of houses which are recognized as OCH. But there is no a database for simple search for similar objects. Undoubtedly there are open data of the objects of analogues, but it's not always possible to find the necessary one. As an object of exploitation, OCN has a peculiarity - it does not presuppose demolition. According to the international standards all OCH in the "ideal" representation should be preserved forever. This is the peculiarity of assessment and work with OCH, inside which there is residential real estate. In this regard, special approaches to solving these problems are required. The article offers mechanisms and managerial solutions to create a methodology for the valuation of such objects.
Research of the problems of BIM technologies implementation in the investment-and-construction projects of the Russian companies
Authors: Kisel Tatiana , Mishlanova Marina
Published: January 2023

The construction industry as a significant part of national economy, develops in the direction of accomplishment of the purposes and matters of the state development, connected with improving of the Russian economy competitiveness (first of all, due to the increase in its efficiency) as well in the direction of the digital transformation. The solution of the digital transformation issues in the industry as well as the increase in the efficiency of investment-and-construction projects implementation is in the plane of implementation and distribution of the technologies of information modeling (BIM). In spite of the fact, that orientation for BIM at the national level was chosen in 2014, the industry still shows the signs of unavailability to mass transition to BIM; that is connected with some problems and obstacles. The authors of this article conducted the research in the form of poll, directed to identification of such factors and their importance. 180 respondents (representatives of the enterprises and organizations, authorities, professional associations, whose activity is connected with the implementation of investment-and-construction projects, became the participants of the research. During the processing of the research results the hypothesis was made, that the type of activity of the organization has an impact on its assessment of the importance of the factors, interfering BIM implementation. The purpose of the analysis, which results are provided in this article, was the verification of this hypothesis. The conclusion is drawn on the basis of the received results, that the type of the organization activity has an impact on its assessment of the importance of factors (problems), interfering BIM implementation. Thus, the hypothesis of the research was confirmed. At the same time, it was revealed, that the respondents from the Universities group highly appreciate the problems and obstacles of BIM implementation most of all, in comparison with other participants. The respondents from the Investors group, on the contrary, are inclined to a lower estimate of the problems importance.
Effect of amino acid level and ratio on whole-body protein turnover in piglets
Authors: Erimbetov Kenes , Obvintseva Olga , Mikhailov Vitaly , Sofronova Olga , Rodionova Olga , Polyakova Lyudmila
Published: January 2023

The addition of lysine, methionine and threonine to the "ideal protein" diet in the low-protein diet contributed to increased protein deposition in the body of piglets due to protein-synthesizing activity. The optimal level and ratio of essential amino acids in low-protein diets provides an increase in the efficiency of the use of amino acids for the synthesis and deposition of proteins in the body of piglets. Based on the results of assessing the metabolism of proteins in the body and their turnover in piglets (♂ Landrace × ♀ Large white) during the period of intensive rearing from 20 to 50 kg of live weight at an average daily gain of 500 g, the following norms for the concentration of nutrients in 1 kg of compound feed are proposed: 12.42 MJ exchange energy; 120.6 g crude protein; 9.10 g lysine; 5.90 g methionine + cystine; 6.09 g threonine at a lysine level of 0.73 g per MJ of metabolizable energy.
In the transmission of the 1.4 drawbar category mobile power vehicle on the performance indicators of machine and tractor units
Authors: Kravchenko Vladimir , Kravchenko Lyudmila
Published: January 2023

The aim of the work is to scientifically substantiate a way to improve the technical, economic and agrotechnological performance indicators of machine-tractor units, compiled on the basis of traction power equipment of category 1.4, the main technological operations in the cultivation of various crops by reducing the level of dynamic processes in their connections.

It is established that the elastic damping mechanism with nonlinear characteristics and optimal parameters installed in front of the drive shaft of the power transmission of a traction power tool of category 1.4 provides favorable conditions for the functioning of all links of machine-tractor units for agricultural purposes, with them the main technological operations are performed, which contributes to the improvement of its technical, economic and agrotechnological indicators.

The installation of an elastic-damping mechanism with nonlinear characteristics and optimal parameters in front of the drive shaft of the tractor traction category 1.4 provides an increase in productivity by more than 8% while reducing specific fuel consumption by 9% or more, as well as improving the quality performance of machine-tractor units when they perform basic technological operations.
Barriers and prospects for development of the organic farming market in Russia
Authors: Oleynikova Yulia , Shcherba Lidia
Published: January 2023

The development of the organic food market in Russia on the example of the Southern Federal District is examined in the article. The purpose of this study is to identify factors and barriers to the development of the organic food market, considering contemporary economic conditions of Russia. To meet this objective, a survey of representatives of agricultural organizations of the Southern Federal District was conducted, as a result of which internal and external barriers to the transition of agricultural organizations to an organic food production model along with the factors contributing to this transition were identified, and the distribution channels and promotion tools used by the companies were discussed. The analysis made it possible to develop main recommendations aimed at overcoming barriers to the development of the Russian organic food market, which are mentioned in the article.
Preservation of the genetic diversity of the sevryuga (Acipenser stellatus Pall) in conditions of artificial reproduction
Authors: Shishanov Grigory , Shishanova Elena , Elizarova Anastasia , Brigida Artem
Published: January 2023

According to the lactadehydrogenase locus, the genetic diversity of 9 samples of the Volga sevryuga of different origin was studied. In total, 733 pieces of young sevryuga, 99 pieces of producers and 107 pieces were studied. four-year-olds of sevryuga with MPERZ. To assess the genetic variability of lactate dehyrogenase allozymes, the method of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used, as the most appropriate for assessing the influence of the environment in natural and domesticated populations. It is shown that the young sevryuga, grown in the conditions of 6 Astrakhan sturgeon hatcheries, differs significantly from the control group of natural producers. The LDH-3 lactate dehydrogenase locus is represented by 6 genotypes. 5 genotypes were found in producers, in the absence of only genotype 100/112. Genotypes 70/112 and 112/122 are missing in the samples from all plants and MPERZ, while genotype 70/70, which was found in excess at MPERZ, is also missing in three plants. However, in general, only 2 genotypes out of 6 are missing for all ARI. A study of the dynamics of the frequency of alleles in this set of samples showed that in 4 samples with ARI and on MPRZ there is no allele 112. However, in general, the ARI allele persists. Thus, it is shown that due to the different genetic variability of LDH-3 in juveniles from different acute respiratory infections, the genetic diversity in the samples as a whole approaches the indicators of producers. Therefore, the preservation of a variety of growing conditions for young sevryuga will contribute to the preservation of its genetic diversity.
The perception of various media formats of educational content by the youth audience
Authors: Druzhba Olga , Khan Roksana
Published: January 2023

The development of information and communication technologies, along with the influence of restrictions caused by the global coronavirus pandemic, leads to a revision of current education technologies, in which the format of presentation of educational material plays an important role. The format of the presentation of educational content directly affects the involvement of students in the process of obtaining information, which, in turn, contributes to better memorability and assimilation of the material. The article attempts to assess the perception of the youth audience representatives of various formats of content presentation used in the learning process: visual, auditory, text. It is also made an attempt to determine the most and least popular formats among the audience. The research is based on a questionnaire of respondents with experimental elements. During the survey of 250 respondents, it was revealed that the video format is a priority in terms of ease of perception, memorability, and ease of presentation of the material.
Harmonization of agricultural industrial zones, taking info account landscape design
Authors: Prishchepa Aleksandr , Burovkina Lyudmila
Published: January 2023

The design of industrial zones and facilities, closed and open, in the agro-industrial sector must be comprehensive, systemic, and meet the requirements of modern robotics and electronics. An essential aspect of this complex is landscape design as a factor in the harmonization of industrial facilities and the implementation of ergonomics. Landscape design not only performs an aesthetic function of production, but also provides a high level of comfortable environment, based on life-saving technologies, taking into account employees and workers with disabilities. Modeling space, taking into account the nominal functioning of vehicles, special equipment, levels and slopes, as well as the use of types of road surfaces are aspects of the organization of the environment. The most successful solution to this educational problem will allow bringing the system of artistic training of students to a new educational level, since will allow remotely conducting classes by leading highly qualified specialists from various regions and countries.
Analysis of the physical features of the operation of stands with a closed power flow for testing v-belt gears
Authors: Savenkov Mikhail , Fisunova Elena , Lavrenova Tatyana , Rudoy Dmitry
Published: January 2023

Currently, there are practically no sufficiently satisfactory analytical methods for predicting the reliability of newly designed machines. Basically, the task is solved on the basis of information obtained largely during resource bench tests of parts, assemblies and aggregates. The stands used for carrying out resource tests of machine transmissions can be divided according to the type of loading into open loading stands and closed loading stands. Open loading stands are driven by an AC or DC electric motor and are decelerated by a special braking system. Closed loading stands load the transmission without the use of braking systems. This article discusses the physical features of the operation of stands with a closed power flow used for testing V-belt gears, which can significantly reduce energy costs. The analysis of the application of an analytical method for predicting the reliability of newly designed machines is carried out on the basis of information obtained largely during resource bench tests of parts, assemblies and aggregates.
Impact of impulse irrigation in different phases of the growing season on rice yield in the Krasnodar Territory
Authors: Malysheva Nadezhda , Kizinek Sergey , Khadzhidi Anna , Kuznetsov Evgeny , Kravchenko Lyudmila
Published: January 2023

The article presents a study of water consumption of rice crops during periodic watering in various interphase periods of the growing season. The experiments were carried out on a plot of 21.2 hectares in the rice-growing enterprise RBF "Krasnoarmeysky", geographically located on the Kuban rice irrigation system. The object of the study was an intensive variety of Rapan rice of Russian selection. The subject of the study was the water regime during the growing season of rice. It was found that the transition to intermittent irrigation during the growing season of rice "germination-tillering", "tying-flowering" and "ripening" allowed to reduce the irrigation rate by 2122.83, 949.66 and 279.32 m3/ha, or by 11.4, 5.1, 1.5%, respectively, compared to traditional methods of rice irrigation. The results of harvesting rice grains showed that the average yield according to the experiment was 75.7 c/ha, which is more than in the control by 1.2 c/ha. Additional profit from the increase in yield on the experimental variants ranged from 1,440 rubles/ha to 2,880 rubles/ha, net profit - from 480 rubles / ha to 960 rubles/ha.
Methodologies for scientific research in land use and cadastral activities (case study of artificial land plot)
Authors: Ovchinnikova Natalia , Aliyeva Natalia , Petrova Irina
Published: January 2023

Together with the development of professional disciplines in higher education, one of the most important trends is the introduction of research into the teaching and learning process. It allows students to develop their ability to work more deeply and comprehensively with scientific and methodological aids as well as with the legal and regulatory framework being the most essential and relevant to land surveying and cadastral relations. The application of different methodologies to scientific cognition helps to enhance students' research skills and prepare them for possible use in production processes in the future. An artificial land plot being the subject of this study shall be recognized as a land plot after putting into operation, but, based on its definition, continue to have the status of a structure. This fact predetermines its dualistic nature. As a consequence, effective regulation of the legal regime of artificial land plots is impossible without the cumulative impact of legislative norms reflecting the specifics of the relevant sphere of social relations. It is from this that the relevance and timeliness of the study follows.
Educational constructions in distance learning landscape design
Authors: Zakharova Natalya
Published: January 2023

The article examines the еducational component of the distance learning format for bachelors landscape design, considering the study of the disciplines of the art cycle, considers the methodological foundations and approbation of the model for the formation of dynamic knowledge in distance learning. The possibilities of stimulating the creative process and obtaining the desired educational product in a distance learning format are described. The content of еducational constructions is analyzed, the significance of the development of motivational and emotional spheres, the development of emotional intelligence is indicated. The distance learning format in its new capacity is becoming more meaningful for the user and public expectations. The only competitive knowledge in a rapidly changing world is constantly forming new dynamic knowledge. In the process of self-renewal, innovation passes through a spiral of knowledge, acquires specificity, and begins to be realized. In a distance learning format, constantly forming new knowledge through its translator becomes available and acquires a new carrier, through certain metamorphoses. In experimental educational activities, a landscape cluster has proven itself well, including landscape design, Land art, eco-design, public art. Bachelors create art objects, work in the genres of performance and installation. prepare their own original works, which are presented at the reporting exhibition.
The impact of the COVID-19 on the formation of a new type of higher school
Authors: Eroshenko Tatyana , Melnik Anastasia , Finko Margarita
Published: January 2023

The article analyzes the problems of modern higher school that trains personnel for the agro-industrial complex functioning, which were manifested by the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, which with the 1st and 2nd World Wars, has become an event of a planetary scale, revealing not only the school problems, but also the societal problems of the entire global megasocium. It has generated a lot of discussions about creation of a new person type, a new educational space and universities without teachers. "Pedagogical relations" are a type of social relations with all the internal contradictions of society (political, economic, demographic, social, ethnic, religious, gender, etc.) and external contradictions of nature and man himself. The mental, existential and moral security of the individual is under threat. Such problems include the forced return to home schooling, transition to distance learning, which in turn has certain inconveniences for students and teachers. At the same time, attention is paid to such a social background as the growth of conditions for working remotely at home, alternating work at home with work in institutions. The factor of working at home allows family members, including students, not only to communicate more, but also to bring closer the learning process and material and spiritual production in the likely prospect.
Building a sustainable development strategy for a large railway construction enterprise in modern conditions of economic turbulence
Authors: Uvarova Svetlana , Vlasenko Vyacheslav , Belyaeva Svetlana , Belyantseva Oksana
Published: January 2023

Building a development strategy for large enterprises in modern conditions should take into account not only the established methodology and methodological approaches to strategic management, but also the impact of economic turbulence. At the same time, the paper substantiates the need to develop a strategy in the target focusing of sustainable development as the ability of an enterprise to optimally respond to environmental factors and return to the foresight trend. The authors substantiate the expediency of building an enterprise activity strategy based on foresight even in conditions of economic turbulence, and made a foresight for the development of the railway construction industry. An approach to building a development strategy for a large construction company based on the formation of innovative growth points is proposed, taking into account current development trends and allowing us to identify the key risks of implementing the strategy in order to promptly adjust and implement adaptive management in the process of achieving strategic targets. The proposed strategy has been implemented in RZDstroy JSC, taking into account the influence of the dynamics of the external environment.
Classification of the housing stock for the implementation of standard programs of energy-efficient capital repairs (case study of Arkhangelsk)
Authors: Popova Olga , Shoshina Alena , Kostyshak Mikhail , Sklyarov Kirill
Published: January 2023

The purpose of the study is to analyze the energy efficiency class of the housing stock for the implementation of comprehensive energy-efficient capital repairs on houses of different construction series. Research objectives: - assessment of the feasibility of using the software product "ECR Assistant" to assess the energy efficiency class of the housing stock; - analysis of resource consumption and assessment of energy efficiency class depending on climatic factors; - assessment of the energy efficiency class of multi-apartment houses of the same series. According to the results of the study, it was revealed that the estimated energy efficiency class of a building varies depending on the average annual outdoor air temperatures. The main characteristics of buildings belonging to the same building series are not enough to classify objects in order to form programs for energy-efficient capital repairs. For qualitative organizational and technological design of restoration measures in the form of a capital repair, it is necessary to develop a fundamentally sound approach to the classification of the housing stock using modern methods for processing large amounts of data collected on the basis of continuous monitoring.
“The Golden billion” of tourism: ecological and economical limits study
Authors: Ushakov Denis , Andreeva Ekaterina
Published: January 2023

In the article, based on the analysis of statistical indicators of the world and national tourism (in 112 countries), studying tourists impact on the destinations natural environment, the change in the indicator of average expenditures of a foreign tourist in the period 1995 - 2022 is assessed, its values are correlated with the dynamics of national inflation and fluctuations in the exchange rates of national currencies at the current moment considering temporary lags. An assumption is made regarding the limit value of one billion international tourist trips per year as a condition for economies of scale in the global tourism industry, a time lag of one year is determined as a condition for the impact of national inflation on the amount of foreign tourist expenditures, and the insignificance of the impact of the national currency exchange rate on the dynamics of tourism expenditures is substantiated.
Multi-scale Digital Rock: Application of a multi-scale multi-phase workflow to a Carbonate reservoir rock
Authors: Fager Andrew , Otomo Hiroshi , Salazar-Tio Rafael , Balasubramanian Ganapathi , Crouse Bernd , Zhang Raoyang , Chen Hudong , Schembre-McCabe Josephina
Published: January 2023

In some of the challenging digital rock applications the trade-off between model resolution and representative elemental volume is not captured in a single resolution model satisfying the minimum requirements for both aspects. In the wide range of lithofacies found in carbonate reservoir rocks, some facies fall in this category, where large pores, ooids or vugs, are connected by small scale porous structures that could have orders of magnitude smaller pores. In these cases a multi-scale digital rock approach is needed. We recently developed an extension to a digital rock workflow that includes a way to handle sub-resolution pore structures in single phase and multi-phase flow scenarios in addition to regular resolvable pore structures. Here we present an application of this methodology to a multi-scale limestone carbonate rock. A microCT image captures the large pores for this sample, but does not resolve all the pores smaller than the pixel size. A three phase image segmentation that considers pore, solid and under-resolved pores or porous media (PM) is generated. A high resolution confocal image model is obtained for a representative region of the smaller pores or PM region. A set of constitutive relationships (namely permeability vs. porosity, capillary pressure vs saturation and relative permeability vs saturation) are obtained by simulation from the high resolution confocal model. The low resolution segmented image, a porosity distribution image, and the constitutive relationships for the PM are input in an extended LBM multi-scale multi-phase solver. First we present results for absolute permeability and show a parametric study on PM permeability. The model recovers the expected behaviour when the PM regions are considered pore or solid. A consistent value of permeability with experiments is obtained when we use the PM permeability from the high resolution model. To demonstrate the multi-phase behaviour, we present results for capillary pressure imbibition multi-scale simulations. Here a small model for a dual porosity system is created in order to compare single scale results with the multi-scale solver. Finally, capillary imbibition results for the whole domain are shown and different wettability scenario results are discussed. This application illustrates a novel multi-scale simulation approach that can address a long standing problem in digital rock.
3D Multiclass Digital Core Models via microCT, SEM-EDS and Deep Learning
Authors: Varfolomeev Igor , Svinin Vladimir , Yakimchuk Ivan
Published: January 2023

We describe an integrated methodology for constructing a 3D multiclass model of a rock sample, based on X-ray microtomography (microCT) and quantitative evaluation of minerals (QEMSCAN) by automated SEM-EDS (Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy). We focus on building an automated operator-independent workflow, allowing to distinguish between voxels featuring substantially different physical properties, such as void, quartz, denser and less dense clay aggregates. The workflow is demonstrated using a set of five ⌀8 mm Berea sandstone miniplugs. For each miniplug, a ~40003voxel microCT image is acquired. Next, each miniplug is cut into smaller pieces, and the 45 resulting polished surfaces are subjected to the QEMSCAN analysis, producing ~40002pixel mineral maps. Each mineral map is automatically spatially registered with the corresponding microCT image using an in-house surface-based algorithm. Further, the ground truth images for the supervised multiclass segmentation are constructed from the mineral maps. We compare 3D and 2D convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures with the baseline Naïve Bayes classifier, which is roughly equivalent to the approaches commonly used in practice today. We find that supervised CNN-based segmentation is fairly stable, despite microCT image quality non-uniformness and achieves higher quality scores compared to feature based and baseline approaches.
Dissolution behaviour in carbonate reservoirs during WAG injection: A preliminary experimental study
Authors: Khather Mohamed , Myers Matthew , Saeedi Ali , Giwelli Ausama
Published: January 2023

In this study, a core flooding experiment using a water-alternating-gas (WAG) injection was conducted to evaluate its impact on the petrophysical properties of an initially oil-saturated heterogeneous carbonate core sample. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and synthetic formation brine were injected (0.5 pore volume CO2 alternating with 0.5 pore volume brine) alternately following establishment of waterflooding residual oil saturation under reservoir conditions. Gas porosity, gas permeability, NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) T2 measurements, and X-ray CT scanning were conducted preand post-core flooding. The results show that CO2-WAG injection resulted in substantial additional oil recovery (~30 %) under the applied experimental conditions. The results also show an increase in the permeability of the tested sample from 1.5 to 16 mD, which could be attributed to mineral dissolution. X-ray CT imaging shows signs of excessive mineral dissolution and formation of wormhole structures. It is believed that dissolution within the tested core plug caused the WAG fluids to follow the newly wormhole (causing them to enlarge further), and consequently bypassing many parts of the sample. Therefore, despite a significant increase in oil recovery, a large amount of oil is still left behind.
Core cleaning and wettability restoration – selecting appropriate method
Authors: Farokhpoor Raheleh , Sundal Lars , Skjærstein Anne , Hebing Albert , Zhang Xiangmin , Pirlea Lucian
Published: January 2023

The core cleaning approaches aim to remove native crude oil, mud filtrates and evaporated salts which leads to strongly water-wet cores. In the standard core cleaning method, the solvent(s) injection continues until no more oil is observed in effluent. This is generally confirmed by visual examination, rather than by analyzing the composition of effluent, simply because it is expensive.

In this work, we selected two preserved rock sections from an oil reservoir in North Sea. 1.5-inch diameter core plugs were cleaned by two different flush cleaning programs (so-called Program-1 and 2). In Program-1, samples were flushed first with 75% toluene + 25% methanol and then followed by alternate of toluene-chloroform-methanol until the samples were deemed cleaned from visual examination. In Program-2, samples were flushed by alternating toluene-tetrahydrofuran-chloroform for 8 cycles. Oil effluents from Program-2 were collected for composition GC analyses.

The efficiencies of two flush cleaning programs were compared by measuring the wettability of the samples by combined Amott-USBM wettability method. The USBM index shows samples after cleaning program-2 are more water wet. Samples were then aged in crude oil at reservoir conditions for 4 weeks. Drainage and imbibition capillary pressure using centrifuge and porous plate and the end-point liquid permeabilities were then measured on restored samples. End-point properties after aging process, showed wettability being restored to intermediate water-wet as is expected from field production history.

This study shows that standard cleaning does not fully clean these samples. Meanwhile, the elaborate Program-2 is often impractical, takes too long, is expensive and limited by laboratory capacity.
Comparing Centrifuge, Steady-State and Semi-Dynamic Methods for Relative Permeability and Capillary Pressure Determination: New Insights
Authors: Pairoys Fabrice , Caubit Cyril , Alexander Micah , Ramos Javier
Published: January 2023

Relative permeability and capillary pressure are essential parameters for understanding multiphase flow in porous media and scenarios of production in oil or gas reservoirs. There are several experimental methods for determining the relative permeability curves: unsteady-state (USS), steady-state (SS), and semi-dynamic (SD) methods. Each method has advantages and weaknesses. Although the USS approach leads to fast data results, the interpretation neglects the capillary pressure effects and provides a limited amount of data points obtained after breakthrough. The SS method is time consuming but enables covering a wider range of saturation with data points if the test is well designed. The SD method may be more time consuming than the SS method but provides both relative permeability to the injected phase and capillary pressure. The relative permeability to the produced phase is then determined by numerical means. The main objective of this study was to compare the water-oil relative permeability curves obtained from the steady-state and semi-dynamic methods performed at reservoir conditions with live fluids. Carbonate core plugs of same rock type and same properties were selected for this experimental program. The samples were brought to the same irreducible water saturation at a constant brine-oil capillary pressure using a centrifuge before being dynamically aged with live oil. In addition to monitoring the average saturation using material balance (MB), a linear X-ray scanner was used for in-situ saturation monitoring (ISSM) along the core samples. The oil relative permeability from the SD method was simulated with fixed water relative permeability and capillary pressure by history-matching the oil production and the differential pressure signal. Two additional centrifuge tests on twin plug were performed in order to measure imbibition capillary pressure and oil relative permeability at pseudo-reservoir conditions. This comparative study shows that the SD method provides similar capillary pressure and oil relative permeability curves to those obtained by centrifuge methods. Even if all Kr curves are in an acceptable envelop, some differences are observed between SD and SS Kr curves: several investigative leads are given to explain this discrepancy. It is also shown that a better saturation method needs to be implemented, especially when dealing with heterogeneous rocks. While a more robust ISSM method is being tested at TOTAL, the results presented in this paper are very encouraging.
Micromechanics Digital Rock: Parameterization of Consolidation Level using a Grain Contact Model
Authors: Sun Zhuang , Salazar-Tio Rafael , Fager Andrew , Crouse Bernd
Published: January 2023

The mechanical behaviour of sedimentary rocks is conditioned by the interactions at the grain-grain contacts. We present a micromechanics digital rock workflow based on a cohesive contact model and introduce a general parameterization that can capture two extreme contact behaviours: free grains and fixed grains, as well as any intermediate degree of grain consolidation. With this parametric cohesive contact model, we can simulate a wide range of sedimentary rocks, from unconsolidated to well-consolidated rocks. We present a benchmark study on several samples and compare with laboratory-measured elastic moduli to calibrate its degree of consolidation. Simulations that do not include the grain contact modelling, tend to overestimate the elastic moduli, which manifests the significance of this contribution to capture well the grain contact behaviour. To demonstrate the impact of properly capturing the degree of consolidation on the rock strength and failure pattern, we present results for numerical uniaxial compression testing. This workflow provides physics-based solution to complex grain contact behaviour, which complements laboratory core analysis, and can be useful to reveal underlying grain-scale processes governing rock mechanical behaviour.
Oscillating Back Pressure Regulator (OBPR) for High-Pressure Core Flooding
Authors: Dubey Sanjay , Khorshidian Hossein , Mahmoodi Maziyar , Sripal Edison , James Lesley
Published: January 2023

The challenge in the core analysis industry is the availability of a versatile back pressure regulator (BPR) that can operate efficiently at ultra-low or no-flow conditions at very high pressure. The existing models of back pressure regulators are limited to a specific range of operating conditions, automation, and robust core flooding environment. In this work, we developed an initial stage prototype of an Oscillating BPR (OBPR), emphasizing detailed instrumentation and implemented automation. The critical component in an OBPR is the valve that needs to operate within defined close and open position based on the feedback received from an encoder rather than the oscillation created by the flow system or by using a square wave oscillator. The paper investigates the static and dynamic characteristics of the newly designed OBPR instrument. The paper discusses the graphical programming LabVIEW software used to create the feedback control loop using the PID controller. Initial results of the test run were done with the different core flooding systems like Water, Brine, and CO2. The study also included comparing OBPR pressure performance with the standard back pressure regulator in the market.
Immunhistochemisches und molekulargenetisches Profil von Mantelzelllymphomen der Glandula lacrimalis: eine detaillierte Beschreibung einer seltenen Tumorentität der
Tränendrüse
Authors: Mautone Luca , Dierlamm Judith , Heinrich Marie-Christine , Viehweger Florian , Schäfer Hansjörg , Schüttauf Frank , Green Sylvia , Dulz Simon
Published: January 2023

Hintergrund Das Mantelzelllymphom (MCL) stellt eine seltene Subklasse der Non-Hodgkin-Lymphome dar.

Ziel Darstellung des immunhistochemischen und molekulargenetischen Profils von 3 verschiedenen Fällen dieses seltenen Krankheitsbildes der Glandula lacrimalis (GL).

Material und Methoden Monozentrische, retrospektive Fallserie von Patienten mit histopathologisch gesichertem MCL der GL.

Ergebnisse Es werden 3 Fälle präsentiert: MCL mit isoliertem Befall der GL, MCL der GL als erstes Zeichen der systemischen Beteiligung und als Erstsymptom eines systemischen
MCL-Rezidivs. Alle Patienten wiesen folgenden Immunphänotyp auf: CD19- und CD20-positiv sowie CD10- und CD23-negativ. Nur ein MCL zeigte sich CD5-negativ. Die Überexpression von Cyclin D1
als Konsequenz des pathologischen Karyotyps mit Translokation t(11;14) (q13;q32) in der Fluoreszenz-in-situ-Hybridisierung wurde bei allen Patienten beobachtet. Ähnlich zeigten alle Fälle
die erhöhte Expression von B-Zell-Lymphom-Protein 2 (BCL-2) sowie SRY-Box-transkribierendem Faktor 11 (SOX-11).

Schlussfolgerung Das immunhistochemische Profil der betroffenen GL stimmte mit dem klassischen MCL-Profil überein. Bioptisch zeigten sich alle 3 Fälle auf die Target-Moleküle der
zurzeit zugelassenen zielgerichteten Therapien positiv (CD20 für Rituximab bzw. BCL-2 für die Bruton-Kinase-Inhibitoren und CD19 für die chimäre Antigenrezeptor-T-Zell-Therapie
[CAR-T-Therapie]). Somit ist aus okuloplastischer Sicht eine inzisionale Biopsie zur Histologiegewinnung das Vorgehen der Wahl.