bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of organizational culture on territorial exclusivity in international marketing channels: a study of Japanese manufacturing exporters
Authors: Ishii Ryuta
Published: April 2024

Purpose

It is important for an exporting manufacturer to motivate its foreign channel partners to sell and promote its products. An excellent way to motivate such foreign channel partners is to give them exclusive territories. Unfortunately, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the determinants of territorial exclusivity. This study aims to investigate the relationship between organizational culture and territorial exclusivity and the moderating role of firm size in this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

Survey data were collected from manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Japan. To test the hypotheses, a regression analysis was conducted using the ordinary least squares technique.

Findings

Empirical evidence shows that the cultural values of collectivism and uncertainty avoidance influence territorial exclusivity; collectivist exporters are likely to use territorial exclusivity, whereas exporters with high uncertainty avoidance are not likely to use it. Furthermore, the larger the firm size, the smaller the impact of cultural values on territorial exclusivity; this suggests that large SMEs do not rely on their organizational culture to make decisions about exclusive territories.

Originality/value

The export marketing literature emphasizes the advantages of exclusive territories. By contrast, the channel management literature suggests that exclusive territories also have disadvantages. As exclusive territories have both advantages and disadvantages, it is crucial to answer the following question: What kinds of exporting manufacturers grant exclusive territories to their foreign channel partners? By addressing this question, this study contributes to a better understanding of export channel strategy.
Exploring the impact of green supply chain strategies and sustainable practices on circular supply chains
Authors: Singh Rohit Kumar
Published: April 2024

Purpose

The study attempts to explore the effectiveness of green supply chain strategies (GSCS) and sustainable practices (SP) in achieving a circular supply chain (CSC) within a business-to-business (B2B) context. The study further investigates the moderating role of green innovation (GIN) on the relationship between GSCS and SP.

Design/methodology/approach

The conceptual model was developed by adopting constructs from the existing studies. A self-administered tool was created, and data were gathered from supply chain (SC) specialists in the food, energy, tire, textile and paper industries. The structural equation model was employed to test the hypothesis, analyzing 243 responses obtained.

Findings

The findings indicate an affirmative association between GSCS, SP and the achievement of CSC, with SP acting as a partial mediator between GSCS and CSC. Results show that GSCS and SP are crucial for transitioning toward a circular model in the SC, emphasizing resource regeneration and sustainability. The data from our sample suggest that GIN significantly moderates the relationship between GSCS and CSC. These insights underline the importance of green strategies and sustainable practices (SP) in fostering CSCs in a B2B setting. The study’s implications are significant for SC management, suggesting that firms must integrate green and SP to achieve circularity and long-term viability.

Originality/value

This article brings forward a distinctive perspective on sustainability within the field of SC management emphasizing the crucial need for implementing CSC and GSCS in a B2B context.
Institutionalization and framing of Industry 4.0: a framework for understanding stakeholders and comparing countries
Authors: Fogaça Diego Rorato , Grijalvo Mercedes , Oliveros Iglesias Alberto , Sacomano Neto Mario
Published: April 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to propose and assess a framework to analyse the institutionalization of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) through a framing analysis.

Design/methodology/approach

The framework was developed by combining the institutional approach with orders of worth, drawing insights from a comprehensive literature review. To assess it, the authors conducted a qualitative analysis of annual reports from companies with the largest market capitalization over a six-year period and interviewed union representatives in Spain and Sweden.

Findings

The framework comprises five dimensions (industrial, market, civic, green and connectionist). The empirical results reveal that companies consistently frame I4.0 with an emphasis on industrial and market perspectives. In contrast, unions place a stronger emphasis on civic issues, with Spanish unions holding a more negative view of I4.0, expressing concerns about working conditions and unemployment.

Research limitations/implications

The proposed framework brings interesting insights into the dispute over the meaning of I4.0. Although this empirical study was limited to companies and unions in Sweden and Spain, the framework can be expanded for broader investigations, involving additional stakeholders in one or more countries. The discussion outlined using the varieties of capitalism approach is relevant for understanding the connection between the meso and macro levels of this phenomenon.

Practical implications

In navigating the landscape of I4.0, managers should remain flexible, and ready to tailor their strategies and operations to align with the distinct demands and expectations of stakeholders and their specific institutional environments. Similarly, policymakers are urged to acknowledge these contextual intricacies when crafting strategies for implementing I4.0 initiatives across national settings.

Social implications

Based on the empirical findings, this study underscores the importance of fostering social dialogue and involving stakeholders in the implementation of I4.0. Policymakers and other stakeholders should take proactive measures, tailored to each country’s context, to mitigate potential adverse effects on labour and workers.

Originality/value

The study presents a novel framework that facilitates the systematic comparison of I4.0 framing by different actors. This contribution is significant because the way actors frame I4.0 affects its interpretation and implementation. Additionally, the aggregate analysis of results enables cross-country comparisons, enhancing our understanding of regional disparities.
A topology optimization of on-chip planar inductor based on evolutional on/off method and CMA-ES
Authors: Sato Takahiro , Watanabe Kota
Published: April 2024

Purpose

There are few reports that evolutional topology optimization methods are applied to the conductor geometry design problems. This paper aims to propose an evolutional topology optimization method is applied to the conductor design problems of an on-chip inductor model.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper presents a topology optimization method for conductor shape designs. This method is based on the normalized Gaussian network-based evolutional on/off topology optimization method and the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy. As a target device, an on-chip planer inductor is used, and single- and multi-objective optimization problems are defined. These optimization problems are solved by the proposed method.

Findings

Through the single- and multi-objective optimizations of the on-chip inductor, it is shown that the conductor shapes of the inductor can be optimized based on the proposed methods.

Originality/value

The proposed topology optimization method is applicable to the conductor design problems in that the connectivity of the shapes is strongly required.
Shining a light on the unseen athletes: stories of exclusion and resistance among gay athletes in professional team sports
Authors: Voth Chris , Yi Kyoung June
Published: April 2024

Purpose

This study uncovers the challenges and coping mechanisms related to stigma and discrimination experienced by gay professional team sport athletes.

Design/methodology/approach

Utilizing interpretive phenomenological analysis, this study recruited six gay athletes in professional team sports. Data were collected through virtual one-on-one semi-structured interviews, along with field notes and reflexive journaling, and were thematically analyzed.

Findings

The first theme highlights the discrimination and marginalization experienced by gay athletes in professional team sports, as well as the perceived differences between these athletes and their heterosexual counterparts. The second theme includes anecdotes illustrating their experiences of exclusion, along with counter-stories that resist marginalization. The last theme comprises stories that underscore the lack of acceptance and advocacy, emphasizing the awareness education aimed at making the sporting realm more inclusive.

Research limitations/implications

Despite the extensive recruiting efforts for this study, numerous sports and countries remain unexplored. Follow-up studies are required to fill this gap. As this study was initiated, additional research is needed to provide information on athletes who are still in the closet. Cross-comparisons between gay athletes and their heterosexual teammates can help bridge the gap in perspectives.

Practical implications

Participants emphasized collective efforts in creating inclusive and welcoming environments for gay athletes, including anti-discrimination policies related to language use, showers and relocation adjustments.

Social implications

Participants have put forth concrete recommendations for enhancing inclusivity within team sport environments and society at large, including proposals for early educational initiatives within the school systems.

Originality/value

This is the first empirical study that focuses on the experiences of gay professional team sport athletes.
Constraint-based analysis of heat transport and irreversibility in magnetic nanofluidic thermal systems
Authors: Manna Nirmal K. , Saha Abhinav , Biswas Nirmalendu , Ghosh Koushik
Published: April 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the thermal performance of equivalent square and circular thermal systems and compare the heat transport and irreversibility of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) nanofluid flow within these systems.

Design/methodology/approach

The research uses a constraint-based approach to analyze the impact of geometric shapes on heat transfer and irreversibility. Two equivalent systems, a square cavity and a circular cavity, are examined, considering identical heating/cooling lengths and fluid flow volume. The analysis includes parameters such as magnetic field strength, nanoparticle concentration and accompanying irreversibility.

Findings

This study reveals that circular geometry outperforms square geometry in terms of heat flow, fluid flow and heat transfer. The equivalent circular thermal system is more efficient, with heat transfer enhancements of approximately 17.7%. The corresponding irreversibility production rate is also higher, which is up to 17.6%. The total irreversibility production increases with Ra and decreases with a rise in Ha. However, the effect of magnetic field orientation (γ) on total EG is minor.

Research limitations/implications

Further research can explore additional geometric shapes, orientations and boundary conditions to expand the understanding of thermal performance in different configurations. Experimental validation can also complement the numerical analysis presented in this study.

Originality/value

This research introduces a constraint-based approach for evaluating heat transport and irreversibility in MHD nanofluid flow within square and circular thermal systems. The comparison of equivalent geometries and the consideration of constraint-based analysis contribute to the originality and value of this work. The findings provide insights for designing optimal thermal systems and advancing MHD nanofluid flow control mechanisms, offering potential for improved efficiency in various applications.

Graphical Abstract
The effects of motivation and prior knowledge on wine consumers’ decision-making process: using an extended model of goal-directed behavior
Authors: Lee Soyeun Olivia , Hyun Sunghyup Sean , Wu Qi
Published: April 2024

Purpose

This study aims to use the extended model of goal-directed behavior (EMGB) to examine the interaction between wine purchasing motivations and prior knowledge and their impact on consumers’ wine purchase intentions and decisions.

Design/methodology/approach

The survey was conducted in large discount retail stores in South Korea, and structural equation modeling analysis reveals EMGB’s strong predictive ability to understand wine buying behavior.

Findings

Notably, the findings reveal that social life and enjoyment motivations play a significant role in shaping consumers' attitudes. In addition, positive emotions, attitudes, prior knowledge, subjective norms and negative anticipated emotions all have a positive effect on desire, while desire, prior knowledge and frequency of past behavior have a significant impact on behavioral intention. Contrary to previous studies, celebration motivation has no significant effect on attitude and perceived behavioral control has no significant effect on desire and behavioral intention.

Research limitations/implications

The findings provide practical insights for marketers to conduct targeted wine marketing campaigns and increase consumers' intention to purchase wine.

Originality/value

This study furthers the understanding of the complex mechanisms involved in shaping the intention to purchase wine using the EMGB framework.
Influence of culture and personality factors in Vietnam: in view of theory of planned behaviour towards formation of entrepreneurial intentions
Authors: Maheshwari Greeni
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Culture plays a significant role in shaping the decision of the youths to start the new venture, and Vietnam being one of the collectivist societies in Asia, it is critical to know whether culture plays any role in the formation of entrepreneurial intentions (EI) of the Vietnamese youth. However, there are limited studies in Vietnam that investigate the effect of culture on the EI of students. Hence, this study aims to integrate the direct influence of culture and personality factors in view of mediating role theory of planned behaviour components to measure the EI of students.

Design/methodology/approach

The data for this study were collected from 393 undergraduate/post-graduate university students using an online survey. The data were analysed using structural equation modelling to test the designed hypotheses of the study.

Findings

The study results showed that attitude (PA) towards entrepreneurship and perceived behavioural control (PBC) mediated the relationship between risk-propensity (RP) and EI, subjective norms (SN) and EI and also had a direct influence on EI. Risk-propensity was found to have a direct influence on students’ entrepreneurship intentions. Further, there was no direct influence of culture and SN on EI of students, but culture had a direct influence on SN, while SN indirectly influenced EI mediated by PA and PBC.

Originality/value

Only a few studies have been conducted to determine the role of culture affecting entrepreneurial intentions of the students in Vietnam, where strong emphasis is put on society and culture. The study demonstrates that culture plays a significant role indirectly, as the societal culture influences the close networks and family’s approval (SN) towards encouraging the youths to become entrepreneur and further this encouragement enhances the attitude and self-belief (PA and PBC) of an individual in their capabilities which affects their intentions (EI) to become an entrepreneur. Hence, this study adds this new important dimension of culture in existing academic literature in Vietnam’s context.
Digital transformation and the circular economy: an institutional theory perspective
Authors: Yin Shiyuan , Jiang Mengqi , Chen Lujie , Jia Fu
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Within the current institutional landscape, characterized by increased societal and governmental emphasis on environmental preservation, there is growing interest in the potential of digital transformation (DT) to advance the circular economy (CE). Nonetheless, the empirical substantiation of the connection between DT and CE remains limited. This study seeks to investigate the impact of DT on CE at the organizational level and examine how various institutional factors may shape this relationship within the Chinese context.

Design/methodology/approach

To scrutinize this association, we construct a research framework and formulate hypotheses drawing on institutional theory, obtaining panel data from 238 Chinese-listed high-tech manufacturing firms from 2006 to 2019. A regression analysis approach is adopted for the sample data.

Findings

Our regression analysis reveals a positive influence of DT on CE performance at the organizational level. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the strength of this relationship is bolstered in the presence of heightened regional institutional development and industry competition. Notably, we find no discernible effect of a firm’s political connections on the DT–CE performance nexus.

Originality/value

This study furnishes empirical evidence on the relationship between DT and CE performance. By elucidating the determinants of this relationship within the distinct context of Chinese institutions, our research offers theoretical and practical insights, thus laying the groundwork for subsequent investigations into this burgeoning area of inquiry.
Review of remote monitoring systems for the delivery of sustainable and resilient water infrastructure
Authors: Swan Andrew , Schiffer Anne , Skipworth Peter , Huntingdon James
Published: April 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to present a literature review of remote monitoring systems for water infrastructure in the Global South.

Design/methodology/approach

Following initial scoping searches, further examination was made of key remote monitoring technologies for water infrastructure in the Global South. A standard literature search methodology was adopted to examine these monitoring technologies and their respective deployments. This hierarchical approach prioritised “peer-reviewed” articles, followed by “scholarly” publications, then “credible” information sources and, finally, “other” relevant materials. The first two search phases were conducted using academic search services (e.g. Scopus and Google Scholar). In the third and fourth phases, Web searches were carried out on various stakeholders, including manufacturers, governmental agencies and non-governmental organisations/charities associated with Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) in the Global South.

Findings

This exercise expands the number of monitoring technologies considered in comparison to earlier review publications. Similarly, preceding reviews have largely focused upon monitoring applications in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This paper explores opportunities in other geographical regions and highlights India as a significant potential market for these tools.

Research limitations/implications

This review predominantly focuses upon information/data currently available in the public domain.

Practical implications

Remote monitoring technologies enable the rapid detection of broken water pumps. Broken water infrastructure significantly impacts many vulnerable communities, often leading to the use of less protected water sources and increased exposure to water-related diseases. Further to these public health impacts, there are additional economic disadvantages for these user communities.

Originality/value

This literature review has sought to address some key technological omissions and to widen the geographical scope associated with previous investigations.
Sailing through the international assignment: exploring the role of perceived credibility in expatriate adjustment and socialization process in the host country
Authors: Kaur Ashneet , Maheshwari Sudhanshu , Varma Arup
Published: April 2024

Purpose

The extant literature on expatriate adjustment primarily highlights the role of host country nationals (HCNs) in supporting expatriates during international assignments. However, there is a dearth of research exploring the expatriates’ socialization process in establishing interpersonal relationships with HCNs. Additionally, the pivotal element of expatriates seeking credible HCN sources, fundamental for fostering these relationships for adjustment, remains largely unexamined in the context of expatriate literature. Thus, this study addresses these gaps by proposing a conceptual model to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the expatriate adjustment process.

Design/methodology/approach

This conceptual paper draws upon the theoretical framework of social identity theory to elucidate how socialization processes initiated by the parent organization and the expatriate shape the expatriate’s perception of HCN credibility. This perception, in turn, serves as the foundation for building a robust support system, ultimately leading to expatriate adjustment.

Findings

The proposed model explores the nuanced dimensions of expatriate adjustment, emphasizing the complex dynamics between expatriates and host country nationals during individualized socialization. This model aims to assess the credibility of HCNs in the eyes of expatriates and understand the role of the institutionalized socialization process. Further, the model investigates the influence of perceived similarity traits in the examined relationship, shedding light on the interplay of these factors and their impact on the expatriate’s adjustment to the international assignment.

Practical implications

The study’s findings offer practical insights for organizations looking to enhance their support systems for expatriates, emphasizing the importance of nurturing interpersonal relationships and the credibility of HCNs.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the expatriate literature by shedding light on the often-overlooked interpersonal relationship between expatriates and HCNs. Doing so opens new avenues for further research, offering a fresh perspective on the expatriate adjustment process.
Streamlining professionalisation in public procurement: Romanian competency frameworks as a case study (Part A)
Authors: Filipon Șerban , Simionescu Violeta
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Competency frameworks can support public procurement capacity development and performance. However, literature on connecting professionalisation with national procurement contexts is limited. This paper aims to explain and conceptualise recent Romanian experience with developing bespoke competency frameworks at national level for public procurement that reflect the features of the Romanian public procurement system. The approach used could guide in broad-brush, mutatis mutandis, other (national) public procurement systems with comparable features, mainly those seeking a shift from a rather administrative function of public procurement towards a strategic function.

Design/methodology/approach

This case study reflects on the methodology used for analysing the Romanian public procurement environment in EU context to develop bespoke professionalisation instruments, and on ways to integrate competency management approaches in Romanian public procurement culture. That methodological mix has been mainly qualitative and constructionist, within an applied research approach. It combined desk research with empirical research and included legal research in this context.

Findings

A principled, methodological and pragmatic approach tailored to the procurement environment in question is essential for developing competency frameworks capable to resonate to and address the specific practical needs of that procurement system.

Social implications

Competency frameworks can uphold societal objectives through public procurement.

Originality/value

Using valuable insights into the development of the Romanian public procurement competency frameworks, the paper provides a conceptual framework for instilling competency management approaches to public procurement professional development where the latter is governed by a rather distinct, public administration, paradigm. This conceptual framework can guide other public procurement systems and stimulate further research.
The sociocultural impact of COVID-19 on registered nurses employed at a regional health authority in a Caribbean island
Authors: Dillon Corey , Ocho Oscar Noel
Published: April 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the sociocultural implications of caring for persons with COVID-19 in a developing country context.

Design/methodology/approach

In total, 156 nurses participated in the study. Stratified random sampling methodology was used. Data were collected via online self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including ANOVA tests were done.

Findings

Nurses experienced stigmatization, discrimination and reduced income. Nurses functioned on the frontline during the COVID-19 pandemic and encountered negative sociocultural experiences from a personal, social and professional perspective. ANOVA showed statistically significant relationships between the conflicts between their work role, family commitments and level of physical interactions with a number of variables.

Research limitations/implications

Data were collected from one Regional Health Authority and may not be representative of the national population of nurses. Further, as the researchers depended on gatekeepers to access participants, the recruitment process may not have been entirely based on randomization as originally agreed.

Practical implications

The findings from this study can be used as a framework to develop context specific programmes and policies to support health professionals, including nurses.

Social implications

Pandemics, while not new, contribute to serious sociocultural challenges for individuals and families, as well as nurses, as part of their professional roles. In this regard, maintaining effective social networks must be central to effective functioning in crisis situations, such as pandemics.

Originality/value

Nurses have played a key role, working both to identify, isolate and manage those with COVID-19 and supporting those who have non-COVID-19 related health needs. While nurses have been at the forefront delivering care in these uncertain times, doing so puts them at great risk, for not only contracting COVID-19 but also for experiencing negative psychosocial effects that may be due to the nature of their jobs.
Exploring the dynamics of high-growth determinants for gazelle companies using interpretive structural modeling
Authors: Santos Margarida P. , Ferreira Fernando A. F. , Ferreira Neuza C. M. Q. F. , Ferreira João J. M. , Meidutė-Kavaliauskienė Ieva
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Gazelle companies are characterized by rapid growth in a short time. Identifying the determinants of this exponential expansion is important as these firms have a significant impact on the economy. They generate increased employment and investment by investors interested in new opportunities. Previous studies have failed to reach a consensus about what fosters high growth in gazelle companies as each firm’s geographical, political and economic context is different. The present research uses cognitive mapping and interpretive structural modeling (ISM) to overcome the limitations of prior investigations and identify factors that can potentially accelerate growth in gazelle companies.

Design/methodology/approach

Two sessions were held with an expert panel with knowledge about and experience with these firms. In the first session, data were collected to create a group cognitive map, while the second meeting comprised ISM-based analyses of the high-growth determinants identified and the causal relationships between them. A final consolidation session was held to discuss the results with two members of the Committee for Central Region Coordination and Development (i.e. Comissão de Coordenação e Desenvolvimento Regional do Centro – a public entity that grants gazelle awards in Portugal).

Findings

The analysis system created was tested, and the results demonstrate that the dual methodology used can increase our understanding of the dynamics of high-growth determinants and lead to more informed and potentially better evaluations of gazelle companies. Indeed, once high-growth determinants in gazelle companies are understood, this information can help other firms implement the same business model to achieve similarly rapid growth. The strengths and shortcomings of this new structured analysis model are also analyzed.

Originality/value

The authors know of no prior work reporting the integrated use of cognitive mapping and ISM in this study context.
Climate and soil properties regulate the initial concentrations of potassium, calcium and magnesium in plant litter on a global scale
Authors: Yuan Ji , Wu Fuzhong , Wu Qiqian , Heděnec Petr , Peng Yan , Li Zimin , Yuan Chaoxiang , Zhao Zemin , Jin Xia , Tan Siyi , Yang Qiao , An Nannan , Ni Xiangyin , Yue Kai
Published: April 2024

The initial concentration of litter nutrient not only affects the following decomposition process but also determines the quantities of nutrients returned to the soil. The aim of this study is to assess the global patterns and driving factors of three macronutrients, namely potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), in freshly fallen litter.

By synthesizing 5861 data points extracted from 584 publications, we quantitatively evaluated the concentrations of litter K, Ca and Mg in different litter types, life forms, taxonomic divisions and mycorrhizal associations. Also, using the machine learning method, we predicted their global patterns in forests, grasslands and shrublands.

We found that (1) mean K, Ca and Mg concentrations ranged from 2.63 to 6.23, 1.05 to 11.50 and 0.20 to 2.74 g/kg, respectively, across different litter types; (2) the initial nutrients of the litter were significantly affected by plant functional types (e.g. life form, taxonomic division and mycorrhizal association), climate (e.g. isothermality, mean diurnal range, annual evapotranspiration and precipitation seasonality) and soil properties (e.g. pH, exchangeable Ca concentration and water content), with a higher litter K concentration of herbaceous plants, higher K, Ca and Mg concentrations from angiosperms and higher K and Mg concentrations from plants associated with arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi; and (3) the predicted leaf litter K, Ca and Mg concentrations were lower in high‐latitude regions compared with those in low‐ and/or mid‐latitude regions.

Our study provides a globally comprehensive analysis on the patterns and driving factors of three important macronutrients in freshly fallen litter, contributing to a better understanding of their role in the decomposition process of litter, as well as the associated biogeochemical cycles under the future climate change scenario.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Wolbachia infection negatively impacts Drosophila simulans heat tolerance in a strain‐ and trait‐specific manner
Authors: Ferguson Liam F. , Ross Perran A. , van Heerwaarden Belinda
Published: April 2024

The susceptibility of insects to rising temperatures has largely been measured by their ability to survive thermal extremes. However, the capacity for maternally inherited endosymbionts to influence insect heat tolerance has been overlooked. Further, while some studies have addressed the impact of heat on traits like fertility, which can decline at temperatures below lethal thermal limits, none have considered the impact of endosymbionts. Here, we assess the impact of three Wolbachia strains (wRi, wAu and wNo) on the survival and fertility of Drosophila simulans exposed to heat stress during development or as adults. The effect of Wolbachia infection on heat tolerance was generally small and trait/strain specific. Only the wNo infection significantly reduced the survival of adult males after a heat shock. When exposed to fluctuating heat stress during development, the wRi and wAu strains reduced egg‐to‐adult survival but only the wNo infection reduced male fertility. Wolbachia densities of all three strains decreased under developmental heat stress, but reductions occurred at temperatures above those that reduced host fertility. These findings emphasize the necessity to account for endosymbionts and their effect on both survival and fertility when investigating insect responses to heat stress.
Experiences of GDPR in Norway: Politics of autonomy and control
Authors: Simonsen Jan Ketil , Fürst Elisabeth L'orange
Published: April 2024

This article explores the challenges Norwegian anthropologists face owing to the implementation of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The authors’ analysis reveals a tension between the need to comply with data protection regulations and preserve research autonomy and methodological integrity. The authors document how GDPR's bureaucratic control mechanisms have influenced researchers’ conceptualization of ethics, leading to a split between legalistic adherence and critical responses within the anthropological community. This situation has necessitated negotiations with various stakeholders and re‐evaluating participatory observational methods, particularly in health research, where access has become increasingly difficult. The article highlights the anthropological community's efforts to navigate these regulations through national debates, establishing forums for ethics in ethnographic research and developing strategies to maintain methodological standards while ensuring GDPR compliance. The authors advocate vigilance against the colonization of bureaucratic logic and seek to secure anthropological representation in regulatory bodies to safeguard the discipline's interests.
Effects of thermal treatments on physicochemical properties and peptide profiles of infant formula protein model based on peptidomics
Authors: Sun Xiaomeng , Wang Li , Wang Shuai , Tan Yixuan , Zhu Yujia , Wang Qingyun , Tao Weibing , Qin Lanxia
Published: April 2024

The effect of different thermal treatments including pasteurisation, ultra‐pasteurisation, ultra‐high temperature instantaneous sterilisation and in‐container sterilisation on physicochemical properties and peptide profiles of infant formula protein model after in vitro digestion were investigated. Results indicated that different extent of protein–protein and protein–lactose interactions caused different particle size, colour, functional groups and thermal properties. Peptide profiles were also different after in vitro digestion. About 32, 4, 15, 157 and 42 unique peptides, as well as 14, 10, 12, 13 and 10 bioactive peptides were identified in the five groups, respectively. Pasteurisation may be better for the processing of infant formula.
Milk lipid and milk fat globule membrane production
Authors: Peter Wooding Francis Bernard , Jones Carolyn J P
Published: April 2024

The formation of the mammary secretion, proteins, lipids and ions is of fundamental importance to the dairy industry. The cellular interactions which allow secretion of protein and especially milk fat globules are still controversial. However, electron microscopy provides a basis for a straightforward scheme of secretion presented as a diagram. Each step in the process can then be defined, the published evidence for each assessed and areas which need further work clearly recognised. We also hope that the diagram will act as a way of combining global approaches such as proteomics or protein knockouts with the detail of electron microscopy.
Investigating harms of testing for ovarian cancer – psychological outcomes and cancer conversion rates in women with symptoms of ovarian cancer: A cohort study embedded in the multicentre ROCkeTS prospective diagnostic study
Authors: Kwong Fong Lien , Kristunas Caroline , Davenport Clare , Aggarwal Ridhi , Deeks Jon , Mallett Sue , Kehoe Sean , Timmerman Dirk , Bourne Tom , Stobart Hilary , Neal Richard , Menon Usha , Gentry‐Maharaj Alex , Sturdy Lauren , Ottridge Ryan , Sundar Sudha ,   the ROCkeTS collaborators
Published: April 2024

Objective

To investigate psychological correlates in women referred with suspected ovarian cancer via the fast‐track pathway, explore how anxiety and distress levels change at 12 months post‐testing, and report cancer conversion rates by age and referral pathway.

Design

Single‐arm prospective cohort study.

Setting

Multicentre. Secondary care including outpatient clinics and emergency admissions.

Population

A cohort of 2596 newly presenting symptomatic women with a raised CA125 level, abnormal imaging or both.

Methods

Women completed anxiety and distress questionnaires at recruitment and at 12 months for those who had not undergone surgery or a biopsy within 3 months of recruitment.

Main outcome measures

Anxiety and distress levels measured using a six‐item short form of the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI‐6) and the Impact of Event Scale – Revised (IES‐r) questionnaire. Ovarian cancer (OC) conversion rates by age, menopausal status and referral pathway.

Results

Overall, 1355/2596 (52.1%) and 1781/2596 (68.6%) experienced moderate‐to‐severe distress and anxiety, respectively, at recruitment. Younger age and emergency presentations had higher distress levels. The clinical category for anxiety and distress remained unchanged/worsened in 76% of respondents at 12 months, despite a non‐cancer diagnosis. The OC rates by age were 1.6% (95% CI 0.5%–5.9%) for age <40 years and 10.9% (95% CI 8.7%–13.6%) for age ≥40 years. In women referred through fast‐track pathways, 3.3% (95% CI 1.9%–5.7%) of pre‐ and 18.5% (95% CI 16.1%–21.0%) of postmenopausal women were diagnosed with OC.

Conclusions

Women undergoing diagnostic testing display severe anxiety and distress. Younger women are especially vulnerable and should be targeted for support. Women under the age of 40 years have low conversion rates and we advocate reducing testing in this group to reduce the harms of testing.
The Impact of Information Frictions Within Regulators: Evidence from Workplace Safety Violations
Authors: RAGHUNANDAN ANEESH , RUCHTI THOMAS G.
Published: April 2024

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is decentralized, wherein field offices coordinated at the state level undertake inspections. We study whether this structure can lead to interstate frictions in sharing information and how this impacts firms’ compliance with workplace safety laws. We find that firms caught violating in one state subsequently violate less in that state but violate more in other states. Despite this pattern, and in keeping with information frictions, violations in one state do not trigger proactive OSHA inspections in other states. Moreover, firms face lower monetary penalties when subsequent violations occur across state lines, likely due to the lack of documentation necessary to assess severe penalties. Finally, firms are more likely to shift violating behavior into states with greater information frictions. Our findings suggest that internal information within regulators impacts the likelihood and location of corporate misconduct.
Pediatric poisoning management: How clinical practice can benefit from forensic approach
Authors: Basilicata Pascale , Marisei Mariagrazia , Guadagni Rossella , Sibilio Michelina , Niola Massimo , Pieri Maria
Published: April 2024

Pediatric population represents the most vulnerable and at risk for unintentional poisoning, with children younger than 6 years old accounting for nearly half of poison exposures. Poisoning is a time‐dependent emergency. The need to reach a scientific agreement on diagnostic protocol and treatment seems to be crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality. Starting from a buprenorphine pediatric intoxication case, this article highlights the limits and pitfalls of the traditional diagnostic approach. Diagnosis of drug intoxication was achieved after several days when an in‐depth diagnostic investigation became necessary and complete forensic toxicological analyses were performed. Results evidenced an alarming lack of an unequivocal diagnostic protocol in case of suspect intoxication in structures not provided with a forensic toxicological service/unit. Collection of biological specimens according to forensic protocols at hospitalization plays a paramount role in the definitive diagnosis of intoxication. A diagnostic algorithm that focuses on medical history and biological specimen collection timing is herein proposed, in order to unify emergency approaches to the suspected poisoned child.
Photoperiod‐regulated mitophagy in the germ cells of Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii)
Authors: ZHAO Lijuan , CHEN Chunxiao , WANG Lewen , LIU Yan , GONG Fanglei , WANG Jingou , SUN Hong , WANG Dawei , WANG Zhenlong
Published: April 2024

Photoperiod is a pivotal factor in affecting testicular function and spermatogenesis in seasonal‐breeding animals. Mitophagy is essential for spermatogenesis, but its association with seasonal photoperiods has not been studied extensively. To explore this, we exposed male Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) to long‐photoperiod (LP, 16 h/day) and short‐photoperiod (SP, 8 h/day) conditions from their embryonic stages. Our results indicated that testis weight, volume, and relative testes weight were all significantly increased in LP compared to SP. Additionally, blood testosterone levels were markedly higher in LP than SP. Histological examination revealed that seminiferous diameter and epithelium thickness were greater in LP, with an increased abundance of germ cell types and cell numbers compared to SP. RT‐qPCR analysis showed that mitophagy‐promoting genes, such as Pink1, Prkn, Tomm7, Mnf2, Lc3, Optn, Gabarap, and Nbr1 were all upregulated in LP. Fluorescence in situ hybridization indicated that Pink1 expression was present in spermatogonia in SP, while in LP, Pink1 expression extended to almost all germ cell types with significantly higher mean optical density. Prkn expression was found in all germ cell types in both LP and SP, with a significantly higher mean optical density of 10‐week‐old LP males. Transmission electron microscopy showed normal mitochondrial morphology with clear membranes in SP, while the LP group had reduced cristae in mitochondria and damaged mitochondria undergoing autophagy. This study suggests that mitophagy may be involved in the photoperiodic spermatogenesis in Brandt's voles, providing insights into the role of photoperiod in seasonal reproduction in wild animals.
Dynamic mucus secretion in ventral surfaces of toe pads of the tree frog (Dryophytes japonica)
Authors: SEOL Jae‐Uk , PARK Jung Su , LIM Jae‐Hong , HWANG Hyeon Su , KIM Eun‐Bin , KIM Seob‐Gu , PARK Jae‐Il , SUNG Ha‐Cheol , KIM Joon Heon , KIM Eung‐Sam
Published: April 2024

The tree frog is a prominent amphibian among terrestrial vertebrates known for its ability to adhere to various surfaces through the capillary forces of water in the microchannels between micropillars on its disc‐shaped toe pads, a phenomenon known as wet adhesion. However, the secretion pattern of mucus on the attachment surface of living tree frog toe pads and the distribution of active mucus pores (AMPs) have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we utilized synchrotron X‐ray micro‐computed tomography and interference reflection microscopy to obtain the spatial distribution of the entire population of ventral mucus glands on the toe pads of living tree frogs and the real‐time mucus secretion patterns from the ventral mucus pores on the contact surface under different environmental conditions. We observed that the number and secretion frequency of AMPs on the toe pad are regulated according to environmental conditions. Such dynamic mucus secretion on the tree frog's toe pad could contribute to the understanding of capillary force regulation for wet adhesion and the development of adhesive surfaces by mimicking the mucus‐secreting toe pad.
Microstructural and physicochemical quality maintenance in green bell pepper infected with Botrytis cinerea and treated with thyme essential oil combined with carnauba wax
Authors: López‐Velázquez Jordi G. , Barraza‐López Francisco J. , Vega‐García Misael O. , López‐López Martha E. , Gutiérrez‐Dorado Roberto , Chaidez‐Gastelum Diana C. , Ayón‐Reyna Lidia E.
Published: April 2024

Bell pepper presents rapid weight loss and is highly susceptible to gray mold caused by the fungus Botrytis cinerea. The most employed method to control this disease is the application of synthetic fungicides such as thiabendazole (TBZ); however, its continued use causes resistance in fungi as well as environmental problems. For these reasons, natural alternatives arise as a more striking option. Currently, bell pepper fruits are coated with carnauba wax (CW) to prevent weight loss and improve appearance. Moreover, CW can be used as a carrier to incorporate essential oils, and previous studies have shown that thyme essential oil (TEO) is highly effective against B. cinerea. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of CW combined with TEO on the development of gray mold and maintenance of microestructural and postharvest quality in bell pepper stored at 13°C. The minimal inhibitory concentration of TEO was 0.5%. TEO and TBZ provoked the leakage of intracellular components. TEO and CW + TEO treatments were equally effective to inhibit the development of gray mold. On the quality parameters, firmness and weight loss were ameliorated with CW and CW + TEO treatments; whereas lightness increased in these treatments. The structural analysis showed that CW + TEO treatment maintained the cell structure reducing the apparition of deformities. The results suggest that CW + TEO treatment could be used as a natural and effective antifungal retarding the appearance of gray mold and maintaining the postharvest quality of bell pepper.

Practical Application

CW and TEO are classified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This combination can be employed on the bell pepper packaging system to extend shelf life and oppose gray mold developments. Bell pepper fruits are normally coated with lipid‐base coatings such as CW before commercialization; therefore, TEO addition would represent a small investment without any changes on the packaging system infrastructure.