bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La traducción del Corán de Juan de Segovia
Authors: Roth Ulli
Published: January 2015

Junto a Nicolás de Cusa, Juan de Segovia (1393-1458) fue uno de los teólogos más importantes del siglo XV. Sus esfuerzos por llegar a una paz y a un consenso durante el concilio de Basilea culminaron con un compromiso de comunicación interreligiosa en los últimos años de su vida. Después de la caída de Constantinopla en el año 1453, preparó un nuevo acercamiento hacia el Islam. Ya no se trataba de una cruzada, sino de realizar una comunicación entre religiones basada en un conocimiento profundo de la religión del otro, lo que creía que resultaría en una paz a través de la conversión del otro o, al menos, a través del convencimiento de que dejaría la guerra. Juan de Segovia comenzó así la tarea de traducir de nuevo el Corán al castellano, que él mismo había traducido al latín. Este artículo muestra la historia de este famoso proyecto ilustrando sus características más llamativas con ejemplos tomados de esta primera traducción políglota del Corán.
Mamey sapote seed oil (Pouteria sapota). Potential, composition, fractionation and thermal behavior
Authors: Solís-Fuentes J. A. , Ayala-Tirado R. C. , Fernández-Suárez A. D. , Durán-de-Bazúa M. C.
Published: January 2015

The chemical composition of the waste from mamey sapote (Pouteria sapota) and its oil extracted from the seed (MSSO) of ripe and unripe fruits, was studied. The MSSO from ripe fruits was dry-fractionated, and the thermal and phase behaviors of its fractions and their mixtures with other known natural fats were analyzed. The main components of the mamey peel and the seed were crude fiber (81.32%) and fat (44.41% db), respectively. The seed oil contained oleic, stearic, palmitic and linoleic as its main fatty acids. The MSSO showed a simple thermal behavior with a broad fusion range and four maximum temperature peaks. The solid fractions showed maximum melting peaks at higher temperatures than the residual liquid. The MSSO solid fractions showed a potential for use as constituents in mixtures with other natural fats, such as cocoa butter or mango seed fat.
Fatty acid composition of soybean/sunflower mix oil, fish oil and butterfat applying the AOCS Ce 1j-07 method with a modified temperature program
Authors: Masson L. , Alfaro T. , Camilo C. , Carvalho A. , Illesca P. , Torres R. , Tavares do Carmo M. , Mancini-Filho J. , Bernal C.
Published: January 2015

Gas-Liquid Chromatography (GLC) methods such as AOAC Fat in foods 966.06 (2005), AOCS Official Methods Ce 1h-05 (2005), Ce 1j-07 (2007), allow for analyzing the fatty acids (FAs) in dietary fats using highly polar liquid phase capillary columns. However, there are still difficulties in completely separating butiric acid from solvent, FA critical pairs with similar polarity, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers, and long chainpolyunsaturated FAs (LC-PUFAs). Therefore, the selection of the temperature program to be employed is important. This work aimed to improve the AOCS Ce 1j-07 Method for the FA composition of a mixture of soybean and sunflower oil, fish oil, and butterfat, using a modified temperature program, tested among five laboratories. It takes more time, but it allows to completely separate butyric acid from the solvent, trans-18:1 from cis-18:1, 20:1 isomers from 18:3 n-3, 22:1 n-9 from 20:4 n-6, 20:5 n-3 from 24:0 and the main CLA isomers, thus permitting FA quantification in fats and oils for different purposes such as nutritional labeling, quality control and research.
The importance of pretreatment tailoring on the performance of ultrafiltration membranes to treat two-phase olive mill wastewater
Authors: Ochando Pulido J. M.
Published: January 2015

In this work, the performance of an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane in the treatment of the effluents by-produced by olive mills is addressed by applying different pretreatments on the raw effluents. By conducting a photo-catalytic process (UV/TiO2 PC) after pH-temperature flocculation (pH-T F) higher threshold flux values were observed for all feed stocks than by applying solely the pH-T F process, with an 18.8–34.2% increment. In addition, the performance of the UF membrane was also improved in terms of rejection efficiency, such that higher rejection values were yielded by the membrane for the organic pollutants (RCOD) by 48.5 vs. 39.9% and 53.4 vs. 42.0%. The UF membrane performance was also improved in terms of the volume feed recovery factor (VFR), achieving up to 88.2 vs. 87.2% and 90.7 vs. 89.3%. Results in the same line were also observed when the highly polluted olives oil washing wastewater raw stream was previously mixed with the effluent stream coming from the washing of the olives. This permits the UF to permeate, achieving the standard limits to reuse the purified effluent for irrigation purposes (COD values below 1000 mg·L−1), which makes the treatment process cost-effective and results in making the olive oil production process environmentally friendly.
EFFECT OF A NOVEL INTERNAL ROLLER SHADING SYSTEM ON ENERGY PERFORMANCE
Authors: Yao Jian
Published: January 2015

The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of movable solar shading on energy performance in subtropical regions of China. An office building retrofitted with a novel internal roller shading system consisting of two shading layers was selected to carry out field measurements and numerous computer simulations were conducted in order to quantify the energy saving performance of this solar shading system, which was further compared with commonly used Low-E windows and regular fabric roller shades. The results show that the solar transmittance ratio is only 1.3% to 7% depending on used solar shading layers in summer and there is almost no negative impact on heating season in winter. The room base temperature reduction ranges from 4–14°C in summer, indicating a significant indoor thermal performance improvement. Meanwhile, the total energy saving for this shading system is 26.06%, 24.42% and over 50%, respectively, compared to Low-E windows, fabric roller shades and the bare window case. Thus, this novel solar shading system is a high energy saving measure and can be widely used in a subtropical zone.
Effect of the height of the observation line on the the diffraction curve in GPR prospecting
Authors: Persico Raffaele , Leucci Giovanni , Matera Loredana , de Giorgi Lara , Soldovieri Francesco , Cataldo Andrea , Cannazza Giuseppe , De Benedetto Egidio
Published: January 2015

This paper deals with the shape of the GPR diffraction curve in dependence of the distance of the measurement line from to the air/soil interface. It will be shown that the diffraction curve changes with respect to the case of data gathered at the air‐soil interface, and the calculation of the diffraction curve requires the solution of a fourth degree algebraic equation. The solution in closed form of this equation will be presented, and a physical discussion of the effects of the non‐null height of the observation line will be provided.
Seismic velocity model and near‐surface geology at Mycenaean Tiryns, Argive Basin, Peloponnese, Greece
Authors: Hinojosa-Prieto H.R , Hinzen K.-G
Published: January 2015

A near‐surface seismic refraction tomography survey was completed in the surroundings of the Mycenaean citadel of Tiryns in the Argive Basin, Peloponnese, Greece. The survey encompassed 11 hectares at the Tiryns citadel, an archaeological site listed by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization as world heritage with over 120 years of excavation history. Site characterization of the shallow subsurface was performed using two‐dimensional seismic refraction tomography of compressional (P) and horizontally polarized shear (SH) wave data along 12 and 9 profiles, respectively. The interpretation of the seismic refraction results is complemented by available archaeological stratigraphy, stratigraphic logs, and new structural data of the exposed bedrock. The tomograms show a transition from unconsolidated fine alluvium at the surface to consolidated clays and silts to hard limestone bedrock. The soil–bedrock boundary dips away from the citadel, influencing the geometry of overlying soils into wedges. Based on twodimensional tomograms of P‐and SH‐wave velocities, the Poisson ratio, shear modulus, Young’s modulus, and bulk modulus were estimated for a four‐layer geotechnical model, which will be used to study seismic site effects. The rock mass quality index of the bedrock at Tiryns is classified as fair to very poor.
Digital Paratext, Editorialization, and the Very Death of the Author
Authors: Vitali-Rosati Marcello
Published: January 2015

As shown by different scholars, the idea of “author” is not absolute or necessary. On the contrary, it came to life as an answer to the very practical needs of an emerging print technology in search of an economic model of its own. In this context, and according to the criticism of the notion of “author” made during the 1960–70s (in particular by Barthes and Foucault), it would only be natural to consider the idea of the author being dead as a global claim accepted by all scholars. Yet this is not the case, because, as Rose suggests, the idea of “author” and the derived notion of copyright are still too important in our culture to be abandoned. But why such an attachment to the idea of “author”? The hypothesis on which this chapter is based is that the theory of the death of the author—developed in texts such as What is an Author? by Michel Foucault and The Death of the Author by Roland Barthes—did not provide the conditions for a shift towards a world without authors because of its inherent lack of concrete editorial practices different from the existing ones. In recent years, the birth and diffusion of the Web have allowed the concrete development of a different way of interpreting the authorial function, thanks to new editorial practices—which will be named “editorialization devices” in this chapter. Thus, what was inconceivable for Rose in 1993 is possible today because of the emergence of digital technology—and in particular, the Web.
The Pornographic Paratexts of Pornhub
Authors: Saunders Rebecca Inez
Published: January 2015

“The Pornographic Paratexts of Pornhub” analyses the evolving paratextual elements of the popular porn site Pornhub and considers how its evolving virtual frames interact with the visual texts it displays—online porn films. Engaging with Gérard Genette's Paratexts, some fundamental aspects of this late-twentieth-century paratextual theory are reconceptualised in this contemporary, sexually explicit digital environment. Pornhub is considered in relation to its maturing paratextual elements. Despite the virtual amorphousness and (para)textual porousness of the digital environment—the relevant relationships between text, epitext, peritext and intertext, though clearly delineated with regard to the printed book, become more blurred in a virtual space of infinite, hyperlinked pages—Pornhub has developed numerous tangible frames and stable paratextual features since its emergence in 2007. Given the rigid political, judicial and media conception of what online porn films constitute, it is important to consider the possibility that monolithically negative definitions of filmic pornography may derive not from the hardcore content itself, but from the way in which the films are framed online. How, then, do the paratexts of Pornhub interact with and affect users' reading of the films displayed? In this chapter, individual films from the site are descriptively analysed in relation both to how these visual pornographic texts are influenced by their paratext and how paratextual theory is complicated and renewed through this application.
Quantifying Land Cover Change Due to Petroleum Exploration and Production in the Haynesville Shale Region Using Remote Sensing
Authors: Unger Daniel , Hung I-Kuai , Farrish Kenneth , Dans Darinda
Published: January 2015

The Haynesville Shale lies under areas of Louisiana and Texas and is one of the largest gas plays in the U.S. Encompassing approximately 2.9 million ha, this area has been subject to intensive exploration for oil and gas, while over 90% of it has traditionally been used for forestry and agriculture. In order to detect the landscape change in the past few decades, Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery for six years (1984, 1989, 1994, 2000, 2006, and 2011) was acquired. Unsupervised classifications were performed to classify each image into four cover types: agriculture, forest, well pad, and other. Change detection was then conducted between two classified maps of different years for a time series analysis. Finally, landscape metrics were calculated to assess landscape fragmentation. The overall classification accuracy ranged from 84.7% to 88.3%. The total amount of land cover change from 1984 to 2011 was 24%, with 0.9% of agricultural land and 0.4% of forest land changed to well pads. The results of Patch-Per-Unit area (PPU) index indicated that the well pad class was highly fragmented, while agriculture (4.4-8.6 per sq km) consistently showed a higher magnitude of fragmentation than forest (0.8-1.4 per sq km).
Evolution of Subway Network Systems, Subway Accessibility, and Change of Urban Landscape
Authors: Song Yena , Kim Hyun
Published: January 2015

The subway is one of the major passenger transport systems in Seoul, Korea. Over the last 30 years, the subway system has interacted with urban land use. This study aims to describe the subway system evolution and reveal the causal relations with land rent and population distributions in conjunction with the evolution of the subway system. Extensive and rapid expansion of subway networks have increased subway accessibility in all regional areas over time and have simultaneously strengthened the status of Central Business Districts (CBDs). These facts indirectly imply a possible strong association amongst land rent, population, and subway accessibility. To reveal these relationships, the Granger-causality test in vector auto-regression form is employed. The results confirm the hypothesis of a causal relationship, the influence of the subway accessibility to the land rent in nearby CBD areas. However, inverse causality also exists between these two variables, implying a more complex relationship. In contrast, population variables have a comparably weak causal relationship with subway accessibility in the spatial context of the subway system in Seoul.
Mobile Agent Based Enhanced Security for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Sheela D. , Mahadevan G.
Published: January 2015

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have attracted a lot of researchers due to their high potential in critical applications. WSNs are currently being employed in a variety of applications ranging from medical to military, and from home to industry. WSNs have unique constraints as compared to traditional networks making the implementation of existing security measures not practicable. These constraints are the result of limitations regarding the sensor nodes' memory, energy and transmission and processing power. So, traditional security mechanisms with large overhead of computation and communication are infeasible in WSNs. Thus, design and implementation of secure WSNs is challenging task. Recently mobile agents have been proved as an enabled technology for programming WSN. This research work fundamentally focuses on producing a combined security solution which uses mobile agents. The proposed security solution using mobile agents is to provide basic security services and to defend against seven attacks such as Denial of Service attack, Hello flooding attack, Traffic analysis, Cloning attack, Sink hole attack, Black hole attack and Selective forwarding attack with the energy overhead of addressing a single attack.
A Survey on Key Management and Certificate Exchange in Mobile Adhoc Network
Authors: John Saju P. , Samuel Philip
Published: January 2015

Owing to the wireless and dynamic nature, MANETs are susceptible to security attacks from malicious nodes. Key management, certificate exchange and certificate revocation mechanisms play a vital role in securing the network from attacks. When the certificate of a malicious node is revoked, it is denied from all activities and isolated from the network. This paper surveys various existing mechanisms in key management and certificate exchange. Key management methods are broadly classified into two types namely, contributory and distributive methods. Here, certificate distribution and exchange techniques are classified as trust-based and non-trust based methods. Certificate revocation techniques are classified as voting-based, cluster-based and trust-based schemes. The merits and demerits of each mechanism along with the performance are analyzed. Finally, a comparison table is designed to compare the existing mechanisms in an effective manner.
An Investigation of BI Implementation Critical Success Factors in Iranian Context
Authors: Ravasan Ahad Zare , Savoji Sogol Rabiee
Published: January 2015

Nowadays, many organizations take Business Intelligence (BI) systems to improve their decision-making processes. Although many organizations have adopted BI systems, not all of these implementations have been successful. This paper seeks to identify critical success factors (CSFs) that impact on successful implementation of BI systems in organizations. So, at first, through literature review, 26 CSFs were identified. Following that, a questionnaire was developed and then filled out by domain experts who had at least three years of experience in BI implementation projects in Iran. Robust Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was run for data analysis, which finally classified 26 CSFs into four distinct groups termed as “organizational”, “human”, “project management”, and “technical”. The results of this study provide a very useful reference for scholars and managers to identify the relevant issues of BI projects in Iran.
TripRec
Authors: Sun Heli , Huang Jianbin , She Xinwei , Yang Zhou , Liu Jiao , Zou Jianhua , Song Qinbao , Wang Dong
Published: January 2015

The problem of trip planning with time constraints aims to find the optimal routes satisfying the maximum time requirement and possessing the highest attraction score. In this paper, a more efficient algorithm TripRec is proposed to solve this problem. Based on the principle of the Aprior algorithm for mining frequent item sets, our method constructs candidate attraction sets containing k attractions by using the join rule on valid sets consisting of k-1 attractions. After all the valid routes from the valid k-1 attraction sets have been obtained, all of the candidate routes for the candidate k-sets can be acquired through a route extension approach. This method exhibits manifest improvement of the efficiency in the valid routes generation process. Then, by determining whether there exists at least one valid route, the paper prunes some candidate attraction sets to gain all the valid sets. The process will continue until no more valid attraction sets can be obtained. In addition, several optimization strategies are employed to greatly enhance the performance of the algorithm. Experimental results on both real-world and synthetic data sets show that our algorithm has the better pruning rate and efficiency compared with the state-of-the-art method.
A Review of the Factors Affecting User Satisfaction in Electronic Government Services
Authors: Weerakkody Vishanth , Irani Zahir , Lee Habin , Hindi Nitham , Osman Ibrahim
Published: January 2015

Even after more than a decade of intensive research work in the area of electronic government (e-government) adoption and diffusion, no study has yet undertaken a theoretical evaluation of research related to ‘e-government satisfaction'. The purpose of this study is to undertake a comprehensive review of the literature related to e-government satisfaction and adoption with a particular focus on the most critical factors and their manifested variables that influence user satisfaction in e-government. Usable data relating to e-government research were collected from 147 papers identified from the Scopus database and by manually identifying relevant articles from journals dedicated to e-government research such as Electronic Government, an International Journal (EGIJ), International Journal of Electronic Government Research (IJEGR) and Transforming Government: People, Process, and Policy (TGPPP). A meta-analysis of existing e-government studies found that the majority of the construct relationships demonstrated a significant range of average summative correlation, and effect size, but the influence of perceived ease of use, effort expectancy on behavioural intention, behavioural intention on use behaviour, and perceived trust on risk were still found to be non-significant. A broader analysis of e-government satisfaction and adoption research seems to reflect that although a large number of theories and theoretical constructs were borrowed from reference disciplines such as Information Systems, e-commerce and public administration, their utilisation by e-government researchers appears to be largely random in approach.
Comparative Performance In Hard Turning Of AISI 1015 Steel With Carbide Insert Using Orthogonal Array Design And Grey Relational Analysis Under Spray Impingement Cooling And Dry Environment
Authors: Mishra Purna Chandra , Das Dipti Kanta , Sahu Susant Kumar
Published: January 2015

This study investigates the effects of cutting parameters on surface roughness (Ra), cutting temperature (T0C) at the chip tool interface and the material removal rate (MRR mm3/min) during hard machining of AISI 1015 (43 HRC) steel using carbide insert under dry and spray impingement cooling environment. A combined technique using orthogonal array and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to investigate the contribution of spindle speed, feed rate, depth of cut and air pressure on responses. Utilization of IR camera is been effective to calculate the temperature at the interface of workpiece and the tool. It is observed that with spray impingement cooling, cutting performance improves compared to dry cutting. The predicted multi response optimization setting (N3-f1-d1-P2) ensures minimization of surface roughness, cutting temperature and maximization of material removal rate. Finally optimal result was validated by confirmatory test and the improvement in grey relational grade was found to be 0.288.
Effect of Tempering Temperature on Microstructure, Texture and Mechanical Properties of a High Strength Steel
Authors: Jena Pradipta Kumar , Kumar K. Siva , Singh A.K.
Published: January 2015

This work describes the microstructure, texture and anisotropy in mechanical behavior of a high strength steel in various tempered conditions. The microstructures and mechanical properties change considerably with varying tempering temperatures. The material exhibits low in-plane anisotropy and low anisotropic index in terms of yield strength and elongation with increase in tempering temperature. The anisotropy of the material displays similar behavior to that of the yield strength.
Design of Fault Detection System for Automobile Power Train Using Digital Signal Processing and Soft Computing Techniques
Authors: Shankar Karthik V. , K Kailasnath , Devasenapati S. Babu
Published: January 2015

The increasing dependence of internal combustion engine in multitudes of application has mandated a detailed study on most of its subsystems. This paper focuses on predictive maintenance using machine learning based models. The transmission system of any power pace is often challenged due to sudden variation in applied load. Any fault in the transmission system could lead to the catastrophic failures hence need for this work. This paper deals with the identification of various fault conditions that happen in a transmission system using vibration signals acquired by an accelerometer. The acquired signals are processed to extract the statistical and spectral features. These features are used to build a machine learning model using decision tree or Random forest algorithm. The best combination of features and algorithm is evaluated and the results are presented.
PD-1 Suppresses Protective Immunity to Streptococcus pneumoniae through a B Cell–Intrinsic Mechanism
Authors: McKay Jerome T. , Egan Ryan P. , Yammani Rama D. , Chen Lieping , Shin Tahiro , Yagita Hideo , Haas Karen M.
Published: January 2015

Despite the emergence of the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1):PD-1 ligand (PD-L) regulatory axis as a promising target for treating multiple human diseases, remarkably little is known about how this pathway regulates responses to extracellular bacterial infections. We found that PD-1−/− mice, as well as wild-type mice treated with a PD-1 blocking Ab, exhibited significantly increased survival against lethal Streptococcus pneumoniae infection following either priming with low-dose pneumococcal respiratory infection or S. pneumoniae-capsular polysaccharide immunization. Enhanced survival in mice with disrupted PD-1:PD-L interactions was explained by significantly increased proliferation, isotype switching, and IgG production by pneumococcal capsule-specific B cells. Both PD-L, B7-H1 and B7-DC, contributed to PD-1–mediated suppression of protective capsule-specific IgG. Importantly, PD-1 was induced on capsule-specific B cells and suppressed IgG production and protection against pneumococcal infection in a B cell–intrinsic manner. To our knowledge, these results provide the first demonstration of a physiologic role for B cell–intrinsic PD-1 expression in vivo. In summary, our study reveals that B cell–expressed PD-1 plays a central role in regulating protection against S. pneumoniae, and thereby represents a promising target for bolstering immunity to encapsulated bacteria.
Principal component analysis of geochemical data from the REE-rich Maw Zone, Athabasca Basin, Canada
Authors: Chen S , Grunsky E C , Hattori K , Liu Y
Published: January 2015

Elemental assemblages derived from geochemical data are produced by geological processes, such as alteration and mineralization. However, processing large amounts of geochemical data that may reflect a variety of geochemical processes, can be a challenge. Methods
such as principal component analysis (PCA) can be used to reduce the number of observed variables into a smaller number of artificial variables that account for most of the variance in a given dataset. This study uses RQ-mode PCA, which computes variable and object loadings simultaneously and
displays the observations and the variables at the same scale.
In order to assess elemental assemblages related to rare earth element (REE) enrichment, RQ-mode PCA was applied to total digestion data for 545 sandstone samples from the REE-rich Maw Zone in the Athabasca Basin, Saskatchewan, Canada. PCA biplots show HREE-Y-P enrichment, suggesting that xenotime
is most likely the dominant host of HREEs, whereas LREE-Sr-Th-P enrichment may reflect monazite and/or aluminum phosphate-sulphate minerals as the host of LREEs. The positive correlation between U, Fe, V, and Cr suggests that oxidizing fluids likely introduced U. The 3D diagrams of principal
components show that xenotime likely occurs in the upper members of sandstone Manitou Falls Formation (MFb, MFc, MFd) and monazite in lowermost Read Formation (RD Fm).
Inferring Active and Prognostic Ligand-Receptor Pairs with Interactions in Survival Regression Models
Authors: Ruggeri Christina , Eng Kevin H.
Published: January 2015

Modeling signal transduction in cancer cells has implications for targeting new therapies and inferring the mechanisms that improve or threaten a patient's treatment response. For transcriptome-wide studies, it has been proposed that simple correlation between a ligand and receptor pair implies a relationship to the disease process. Statistically, a differential correlation (DC) analysis across groups stratified by prognosis can link the pair to clinical outcomes. While the prognostic effect and the apparent change in correlation are both biological consequences of activation of the signaling mechanism, a correlation-driven analysis does not clearly capture this assumption and makes inefficient use of continuous survival phenotypes. To augment the correlation hypothesis, we propose that a regression framework assuming a patient-specific, latent level of signaling activation exists and generates both prognosis and correlation. Data from these systems can be inferred via interaction terms in survival regression models allowing signal transduction models beyond one pair at a time and adjusting for other factors. We illustrate the use of this model on ovarian cancer data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and discuss how the finding may be used to develop markers to guide targeted molecular therapies.
Classification of Metagenomics Data at Lower Taxonomic Level Using a Robust Supervised Classifier
Authors: Hou Tao , Liu Fu , Liu Yun , Zou Qing Yu , Zhang Xiao , Wang Ke
Published: January 2015

As more and more completely sequenced genomes become available, the taxonomic classification of metagenomic data will benefit greatly from supervised classifiers that can be updated instantaneously in response to new genomes. Currently, some supervised classifiers have been developed to assess the organism of metagenomic sequences. We have found that the existing supervised classifiers usually cannot discriminate the training data from different classes accurately when the data contain some outliers. However, the training genomic data (bacterial and archaeal genomes) usually contain a portion of outliers, which come from sequencing errors, phage invasions, and some highly expressed genes, etc. The outliers, treated as noises, prohibit the development of classifiers with better prediction accuracy. To solve the problem, we present a robust supervised classifier, weighted support vector domain description (WSVDD), which can eliminate the interference from some outliers for training genomic data and then generate more accurate data domain descriptions for each taxonomic class. The experimental results demonstrate WSVDD is more robust than other classifiers for simulated Sanger and 454 reads with different outlier rates. In addition, in experiments performed on simulated metagenomes and real gut metagenomes, WSVDD also achieved better prediction accuracy than other classifiers.
Near-Field Imaging of Interior Cavities
Authors: Li Peijun , Wang Yuliang
Published: January 2015

A novel method is developed for solving the inverse problem of reconstructing the shape of an interior cavity. The boundary of the cavity is assumed to be a small and smooth perturbation of a circle. The incident field is generated by a point source inside the cavity. The scattering data is taken on a circle centered at the source. The method requires only a single incident wave at one frequency. Using a transformed field expansion, the original boundary value problem is reduced to a successive sequence of two-point boundary value problems and is solved in a closed form. By dropping higher order terms in the power series expansion, the inverse problem is linearized and an explicit relation is established between the Fourier coefficients of the cavity surface function and the total field. A nonlinear correction algorithm is devised to improve the accuracy of the reconstruction. Numerical results are presented to show the effectiveness of the method and its ability to obtain subwavelength resolution.
Описание ядра обобщенного преобразования Минковского на сфере
Authors: Volchkov Valerii Vladimirovich , Volchkov Vitalii Vladimirovich , Savost'yanova Irina Mikhailovna
Published: January 2015

Исследуется обобщенное преобразование Минковского, ставящее в соответствие функциям на сфере их интегралы с заданным весом по замкнутым геодезическим. Для этого преобразования решается проблема описания его ядра и некоторых связанных с ним классов функций. В качестве приложений получены
новые теоремы единственности, которые носят окончательный характер, для функций на сфере с нулевыми взвешенными средними по большим окружностям.
Библиография: 20 наименований.
Ethics in Knowledge Organization: Two Conferences Point to a New Core in the Domain
Authors: Smiraglia Richard P.
Published: January 2015

Two conferences called "Ethics in Information Organization (EIO)," held in 2009 and 2013, brought together practitioners and scholars in knowledge organization (KO) to discuss ethical decision-making for the organization of knowledge. Traditionally the notion of ethics as a component of knowledge organization has occupied a sort of background position. Concepts of cultural warrant clash with concepts of literary warrant to produce harmful knowledge organization systems. Here tools of domain analytical visualization are applied to the two EIO conferences to demonstrate the potential intension of ethics for KO. Co-word analysis helps to visualize the thematic core in the most frequently used terms: user, ethical, knowledge, national, description, and access. There clearly is a meta-level trajectory incorporating ethics and the user, while the intension includes all applied approaches to KO as well as strong recognition of national, regional, and social cultural identities. Another approach to domain analysis is to examine the social semantics (by analyzing the public record of discourse through citation patterns). Author co-citation analysis shows work anchored in the basic theoretical premises of KO, but also bringing ideas from outside the domain to bear on the problems of objective violence. A network visualization shows how the work on ethics in KO is based on the core principles of KO, but relies also on evidence from librarianship and philosophical guidance to bring forward the issues surrounding objective violence in KOS. The authors contributing to this small pair of conferences have laid out a pathway for expanding understanding of the role of ethics in KO.
Tagged at first listen: an examination of social tagging practices in a music recommender system
Authors: Laplante Audrey
Published: January 2015

Social tagging has become a very common way to index different types of resources on the web. Less prevalent in music than in other domains, social tagging is nevertheless used in a popular recommender system, Last.fm. Although the number of publications on tagging and folksonomies has exploded in the last few years, music tagging is still not well studied. In this paper, we present a study of tagging practices of Last.fm users. We examine the social tagging of songs during the first three months after their release. Our analysis shows that the release of a song triggers a burst in tagging activity that lasts two weeks, after what it decreases sharply and then remains fairly constant for the next ten weeks. We also find that a majority of songs do not get tagged during the first week and that tagging was positively related to popularity. Finally, we find that tags that have been frequently applied to a given song are more likely to be genre related, shorter in length, and relatively objective than tags that have been applied only once.
Propostas de tipologias de KOS: uma análise das referências de formas dominantes de organização do conhecimento
Authors: Lara Marilda Lopes Ginez de
Published: January 2015

Discute os parâmetros de organização do conhecimento utilizados pela KO tomando como objeto de observação tipologias de KOS. Identifica, na construção das tipologias, a predominância da figura da oposição como recurso utilizado para estabelecer as disjunções entre os sistemas, mostrando que sua variação depende do ponto de partida adotado para a sua organização. Repertoria os aspectos privilegiados em sua construção que compreendem, geralmente, graus de força semântica, o uso por humanos ou máquinas, dimensões abrangidas, referências de representação conceitual, maior ou menor relação com a linguagem natural, entre outras. Analisa os princípios de organização da Norma ISO 25964 destacando, além de sua lógica, os recursos de mapeamento que permitem, adicionalmente à sua finalidade principal, a identificação dos parâmetros de organização. Conclui pela observação de que prevalece nas tipologias e na norma de construção de tesauros os princípios da lógica clássica, introduzindo a discussão sobre as implicações decorrentes para o enfrentamento da complexidade característica do momento contemporâneo.
Influence of local air pollution on the deposition of peroxyacetyl nitrate to a nutrient-poor natural grassland ecosystem
Authors: Moravek A. , Stella P. , Foken T. , Trebs I.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Dry deposition of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) is known to have a phytotoxic impact on plants under photochemical smog conditions, but it may also lead to higher productivity and threaten species richness of vulnerable ecosystems in remote regions. However, underlying mechanisms or controlling factors for PAN deposition are not well understood and studies on dry deposition of PAN are limited. In this study, we investigate the impact of PAN deposition on a nutrient-poor natural grassland ecosystem situated at the edge of an urban and industrialized region in Germany. PAN mixing ratios were measured within a 3.5 months summer to early autumn period. In addition, PAN fluxes were determined with the modified Bowen ratio technique for a selected period. The evaluation of both stomatal and non-stomatal deposition pathways was used to model PAN deposition over the entire summer–autumn period. We found that air masses at the site were influenced by two contrasting pollution regimes, which led to median diurnal PAN mixing ratios ranging between 50 and 300 ppt during unpolluted and between 200 and 600 ppt during polluted episodes. The measured PAN fluxes showed a clear diurnal cycle with maximal deposition fluxes of ~−0.1 nmol m−2 s−1 (corresponding to a deposition velocity of 0.3 cm s−1) during daytime and a significant non-stomatal contribution was found. The ratio of PAN to ozone deposition velocities was found to be ~0.1, which is much larger than assumed by current deposition models. The modelled PAN flux over the entire period revealed that PAN deposition over an entire day was 333 μg m−2 d−1 under unpolluted and 518 μg m−2 d−1 under polluted episodes. Additionally, thermochemical decomposition PAN deposition accounted for 32% under unpolluted episodes and 22% under polluted episodes of the total atmospheric PAN loss. However, the impact of PAN deposition as a nitrogen source to the nutrient-poor grassland was estimated to be only minor, under both unpolluted and polluted episodes.
A simulation study with a new residual ionospheric error model for GPS radio occultation climatologies
Authors: Danzer J. , Healy S. B. , Culverwell I. D.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. In this study, a new model was explored, which corrects for higher order ionospheric residuals in global positioning system (GPS) radio occultation (RO) data. Recently, the theoretical basis of this new "residual ionospheric error model" has been outlined (Healy and Culverwell, 2015). The method was tested in simulations with a one-dimensional model ionosphere. The proposed new model for computing the residual ionospheric error is the product of two factors, one of which expresses its variation from profile-to-profile and from time-to-time in terms of measurable quantities (the L1 and L2 bending angles), the other of which describes the weak variation with altitude. A simple integral expression for the residual error (Vorob’ev and Krasil’nikova, 1994) has been shown to be in excellent numerical agreement with the exact value, for a simple Chapman layer ionosphere. In this case, the "altitudinal" element of the residual error varies (decreases) by no more than about 25% between ~10 and ~100 km for physically reasonable Chapman layer parameters. For other simple model ionospheres the integral can be evaluated exactly, and results are in reasonable agreement with those of an equivalent Chapman layer. In this follow-up study the overall objective was to explore the validity of the new residual ionospheric error model for more detailed simulations, based on modelling through a complex three-dimensional ionosphere. The simulation study was set up, simulating day and night GPS RO profiles for the period of a solar cycle with and without an ionosphere. The residual ionospheric error was studied, the new error model was tested, and temporal and spatial variations of the model were investigated. The model performed well in the simulation study, capturing the temporal variability of the ionospheric residual. Although, it was not possible, due to high noise of the simulated bending angle profiles at mid to high latitudes, to perform a thorough latitudinal investigation of the performance of the model, first positive and encouraging results were found at low latitudes. Furthermore, first application tests of the model on the data showed a reduction on temperature level of the ionospheric residual at 40 km from about −2.2 to −0.2 K.
Propagation of biases in humidity in the estimation of global irrigational water
Authors: Masaki Y. , Hanasaki N. , Takahashi K. , Hijioka Y.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Future projections on irrigational water under a changing climate are highly dependent on meteorological data derived from general circulation models (GCMs). Since climate projections include biases, bias correction is widely used to adjust meteorological elements, such as the atmospheric temperature and precipitation, but less attention has been paid to biases in humidity. Hence, in many cases, raw GCM outputs have been directly used to analyze the impact of future climate change. In this study, we examined how the biases remaining in the humidity data of five GCMs propagate into the estimation of irrigational water demand and abstraction from rivers using the global hydrological model (GHM) H08. First, to determine the effects of humidity bias across GCMs, we used meteorological data sets to which a state-of-the-art bias correction method was applied except to the humidity. Uncorrected GCM outputs were used for the humidity. We found that differences in the monthly relative humidity of 11.7 to 20.4% RH (percent used as the unit of relative humidity) from observations across the GCMs caused the estimated irrigational water abstraction from rivers to range between 1217.7 and 1341.3 km3 yr−1 for 1971–2000. Differences in humidity also propagate into future projections. Second, sensitivity analysis with hypothetical humidity biases of ±5% RH added homogeneously worldwide revealed the large negative sensitivity of irrigational water abstraction in India and East China, which have high areal fractions of irrigated cropland. Third, we performed another set of simulations with bias-corrected humidity data to examine whether bias correction of the humidity can reduce uncertainties in irrigational water across the GCMs. The results showed that bias correction, even with a primitive methodology that only adjusts the monthly climatological relative humidity, helped reduce uncertainties across the GCMs. Although the GHMs have different sensitivities to atmospheric humidity because of the implementation of different types of potential evapotranspiration formulae, bias correction of the humidity should be included in hydrological analysis, particularly for the evaluation of evapotranspiration and irrigational water.
Auf dem Weg zu einer metropolitanen Regulation? Der Verein Metropolitanraum Zürich
Authors: Nüssli R.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. The Metropolitan Region of Zurich is fragmented into eight cantons and marked by ideological cleavages. Nevertheless, the "Association Metropolitan Region Zurich" has established since 2007. The paper asks, how the metropolitan restructuring is possible. Tracing the question, first the scale-debate is opposed to the spatial governance-debate and it shall be argued that the scale-debate serves as a more precise tool of analysis. Building on this theoretical foundation the institutionalising of the association is analysed on the basis of 13 expert interviews. Three points are of particular relevance: First, precisely the fragmentation of the metropolitan region forms a crucial reason for the rapid introduction of the association. Second, the institutionalisation brings a subtle power to the association because it does not openly question the federalist system. Third, its agency manifests in territorial implications such as the revision of a national infrastructure plan or a metropolitan spatial plan, which both are made possible by simultaneous processes of informalisation and formalisation on a new scale. At the end it shall be demonstrated that the association's neoliberal agenda is hardly contested, raising the question of the scale of possible opposition.
Role of vegetation and landcover dynamics on the recycling of water in two endorheic watersheds of NW China (Gansu Province)
Authors: Matin M. A. , Bourque C. P.-A.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. In this study, we analysed the role of vegetation in the recycling of water in two endorheic watersheds in northwest China, namely within the Shiyang and Hei River watersheds (Gansu Province), along a gradient of elevation zones and within-zone landcover types. Each watershed was subdivided into four elevation zones representative of (i) oasis plains and foothills, and (ii) low-, (iii) mid-, and (iv) high-mountain elevations. By means of monthly summaries of enhanced vegetation index (EVI), DEM-height values, terrain orientation, and a decision-tree classifier, landcover in the study area (consisting of oases, deserts, and adjoining Qilian Mountains) was classified into 11 unique landcover types. Comparison of monthly vegetation phenology with precipitation and snowmelt dynamics within the same watersheds over a ten-year period (2000–2009) suggested that the onset of the precipitation season in the mountains (in May) was triggered by the greening of vegetation and increased production of water vapour at the base of the mountains. Seasonal evolution of in-mountain precipitation correlated fairy well with the temporal variation in oasis-vegetation coverage and phenology (of crops and grasses) characterised by monthly EVI, giving r2 values of 0.65 and 0.85 for the Shiyang and Hei River watersheds, respectively. Generally, comparisons between same-zone monthly precipitation volumes and EVI provided weaker correlations. Start of the growing season in the oases was shown to coincide with the discharge of meltwater from the low- to mid-elevations of the Qilian Mountains in mid-to-late March. Comparison of water volumes associated with in-mountain production of rainfall and snowmelt with that associated with actual evapotranspiration revealed that about 90% of the water flowing downslope to the oases was eventually returned to the Qilian Mountains as water vapour generated in the lowlands.
Nonstationary time series prediction combined with slow feature analysis
Authors: Wang G. , Chen X.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Almost all climate time series have some degree of nonstationarity due to external driving forces perturbations of the observed system. Therefore, these external driving forces should be taken into account when reconstructing the climate dynamics. This paper presents a new technique of combining the driving force of a time series obtained using the Slow Feature Analysis (SFA) approach, then introducing the driving force into a predictive model to predict non-stationary time series. In essence, the main idea of the technique is to consider the driving forces as state variables and incorporate them into the prediction model. To test the method, experiments using a modified logistic time series and winter ozone data in Arosa, Switzerland, were conducted. The results showed improved and effective prediction skill.