bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cross-Linguistic Orthographic Effects in Late Spanish/English Bilinguals
Authors: Dean Christopher , Valdés Kroff Jorge
Published: November 2017

Through the use of the visual world paradigm and eye tracking, we investigate how orthographic–phonological mappings in bilinguals promote interference during spoken language comprehension. Eighteen English-dominant bilinguals and 13 Spanish-dominant bilinguals viewed 4-picture visual displays while listening to Spanish-only auditory sentences (e.g., El detective busca su banco ‘The detective is looking for his bench’) in order to select a target image. Stimuli included two types of trials that represent potential conflict in bilinguals: b-v trials, e.g., banco-vaso ‘bench-glass’, representing homophonous phonemes with distinct graphemic representations in Spanish, and j-h trials, e.g., juego-huevo ‘game-egg’, representing interlingual homophonous phonemes with distinct graphemic representations. Data were collected on accuracy, reaction time (RT), and mean proportion of target fixation. Reaction Time results indicate that Spanish-dominant speakers were slower when the competitor was present in b-v trials, though no effects were observed for English-dominant speakers. Eye-tracking results indicate a lack of competition effects in either set of trials for English-dominant speakers, but lower proportional target fixations for Spanish-dominant speakers in both sets of trials when an orthographic/phonological distractor was present. These results suggest that Spanish-dominant bilinguals may be influenced by the orthographic mappings of their less-dominant L2 English, providing new insight into the nature of the interaction between the orthography and phonology in bilingual speakers.
Lactones from the Sponge-Derived Fungus Talaromyces rugulosus
Authors: Küppers Lisa , Ebrahim Weaam , El-Neketi Mona , Özkaya Ferhat , Mándi Attila , Kurtán Tibor , Orfali Raha , Müller Werner , Hartmann Rudolf , Lin Wenhan , Song Weiguo , Liu Zhen , Proksch Peter
Published: November 2017

The marine-derived fungus Talaromyces rugulosus isolated from the Mediterranean sponge Axinella cannabina and cultured on solid rice medium yielded seventeen lactone derivatives including five butenolides (1–5), seven (3S)-resorcylide derivatives (6–12), two butenolide-resorcylide dimers (13 and 14), and three dihydroisocoumarins (15–17). Among them, fourteen compounds (1–3, 6–16) are new natural products. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectroscopy as well as by ESI-HRMS (ElectroSpray Ionization-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry). TDDFT-ECD (Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory-Electronic Circular Dichroism) calculations were performed to determine the absolute configurations of chiral compounds. The butenolide-resorcylide dimers talarodilactones A and B (13 and 14) exhibited potent cytotoxicity against the L5178Y murine lymphoma cell line with IC50 values of 3.9 and 1.3 µM, respectively.
Effect of a Lactobacillus Salivarius Probiotic on a Double-Species Streptococcus Mutans and Candida Albicans Caries Biofilm
Authors: Krzyściak Wirginia , Kościelniak Dorota , Papież Monika , Vyhouskaya Palina , Zagórska-Świeży Katarzyna , Kołodziej Iwona , Bystrowska Beata , Jurczak Anna
Published: November 2017

The aim of the study was to evaluate the anti-cariogenic effects of Lactobacillus salivarius by reducing pathogenic species and biofilm mass in a double-species biofilm model. Coexistence of S. mutans with C. albicans can cause dental caries progression or recurrence of the disease in the future. Fifty-nine children with diagnosed early childhood caries (ECC) were recruited onto the study. The condition of the children’s dentition was defined according to the World Health Organization guidelines. The participants were divided into children with initial enamel demineralization and children showing dentin damage. The study was performed on the S. mutans and C. albicans clinical strains, isolated from dental plaque of patients with ECC. The effect of a probiotic containing Lactobacillus salivarius on the ability of S. mutans and C. albicans to produce a double-species biofilm was investigated in an in vitro model. The biomass of the formed/non-degraded biofilm was analyzed on the basis of its crystal violet staining. The number of colonies of S. mutans and C. albicans (CFU/mL, colony forming units/mL) forming the biofilm was determined. Microorganism morphology in the biofilm was evaluated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In vitro analysis demonstrated that the presence of S. mutans increased the number of C. albicans colonies (CFU/mL); the double-species biofilm mass and hyphal forms produced in it by the yeast. L. salivarius inhibited the cariogenic biofilm formation of C. albicans and S. mutans. Under the influence of the probiotic; the biofilm mass and the number of S. mutans; C. albicans and S. mutans with C. albicans colonies in the biofilm was decreased. Moreover; it can be noted that after the addition of the probiotic; fungi did not form hyphae or germ tubes of pathogenic potential. These results suggest that L. salivarius can secrete intermediates capable of inhibiting the formation of cariogenic S. mutans and C. albicans biofilm; and may inhibit fungal morphological transformation and thereby reduce the pathogenicity of C. albicans; weakening its pathogenic potential. Further research is required to prove or disprove the long-term effects of the preparation and to achieve preventive methods.
Preparation of a Fluorocarbon Polymerizable Surfactant and Its Application in Emulsion Polymerization of Fluorine-Containing Acrylate
Authors: Zhao Meng , Yu Youhai , Han Zhewen , Li Hui
Published: November 2017

A novel polymerizable fluorocarbon surfactant, perfluoro (4–methyl–3, 6–dioxaoct–7–ene) sodium sulfonate (PSVNa), was synthesized and characterized. The fluorocarbon surfactant PSVNa and its mixture PSVNa/SDS were used as emulsifiers during the emulsion polymerization of DFHMA/MMA. The investigation of polymerization kinetics, particle size, and stability of the emulsions revealed that PSVNa has excellent emulsifying properties. The NMR spectrum of the copolymer and the detection of residual PSVNa show that more than 95% of the fluorocarbon surfactants have been linked to the polymer chains by radical polymerization, which will greatly reduce the environmental pollution caused by fluorinated surfactants.
Aggregation Behavior of Nano-Silica in Polyvinyl Alcohol/Polyacrylamide Hydrogels Based on Dissipative Particle Dynamics
Authors: Wei Qinghua , Wang Yanen , Zhang Yingfeng , Chen Xiongbiao
Published: November 2017

Due to the aggregation behavior of nano-silica in aqueous solution, the use of nano-silica without surface modification for synthesizing hydrogels is still a challenging task. This paper presents our study on the use of dissipative particle dynamics simulations to discover the aggregation behavior of nano-silica in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/polyacrylamide (PAM) blended hydrogels. By simulations, we aimed at investigating the effects of such factors as nano-silica content, polymer component ratio, temperature and shear rate on the aggregation behavior of nano-silica in terms of the mesoscopic morphologies and the relative concentration distribution functions. Our results reveal that the dispersion of nano-silica is seen if the nano-silica content is increased to 1.5%, and the aggregation of nano-silica becomes noticeable in blended hydrogels with an increase in the nano-silica content. This finding agrees well with the experimental results obtained by means of scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, it is also found that the dispersion of nano-silica becomes more uniform with an increase in PAM content, temperature and shear rate. These findings greatly enrich our understanding of the aggregation behavior of nano-silica in PVA/PAM blended hydrogels.
Effect of the GO Reduction Method on the Dielectric Properties, Electrical Conductivity and Crystalline Behavior of PEO/rGO Nanocomposites
Authors: Malas Asish , Bharati Avanish , Verkinderen Olivier , Goderis Bart , Moldenaers Paula , Cardinaels Ruth
Published: November 2017

The effect of the reduction method to prepare reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on the melt linear viscoelastic properties, electrical conductivity, polymer matrix crystalline behavior and dielectric properties of PEO-rGO nanocomposites was investigated. Reduction was performed chemically with either sodium borohydride (NaBH4) or hydrazine monohydrate (N2H4·H2O) or both reduction agents consecutively as well as thermally at 1000 °C. The different reduction methods resulted in exfoliated rGO sheets with different types and amounts of remaining functional groups, as indicated by FT-IR, Raman, TGA and XRD characterization. Moreover, their electrical conductivity ranged between 10−4 and 10−1 S/cm, with the consecutive use of both chemical reduction agents being far superior. PEO nanocomposites with filler loadings of 0.5 wt %, 1 wt % and 2 wt % were prepared by solvent mixing. The rGO fillers affected the melt linear viscoelastic and crystalline behavior of the PEO matrix and resulted in nanocomposites with a substantially increased electrical conductivity. Despite the wide variability in filler conductivity, the effects on the polymer nanocomposite properties were less distinctive. A correlation was obtained between the reduction of the mobility of the polymer chains (evaluated by the glass transition temperature) and the dielectric strength of the interfacial polarisation originating from the effective entrapment of GO/rGO filler charges at the interface with the less conductive PEO. Thus, favorable interactions of the polar PEO with the filler led to reduced mobility of the PEO chains and thereby a more effective entrapment of the filler charges at the PEO interface.
Effect of Ammonium Polyphosphate to Aluminum Hydroxide Mass Ratio on the Properties of Wood-Flour/Polypropylene Composites
Authors: Wang Wen , Peng Yao , Zammarano Mauro , Zhang Wei , Li Jianzhang
Published: November 2017

Two halogen-free inorganic flame retardants, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and aluminum hydroxide (ATH) were added to wood-flour/polypropylene composites (WPCs) at different APP to ATH mass ratios (APP/ATH ratios), with a constant total loading of 30 wt % (30% by mass). Water soaking tests indicated a low hygroscopicity and/or solubility of ATH as compared to APP. Mechanical property tests showed that the flexural properties were not significantly affected by the APP/ATH ratio, while the impact strength appeared to increase with the increasing ATH/APP ratio. Cone calorimetry indicated that APP appeared to be more effective than ATH in reducing the peak of heat release rate (PHRR). However, when compared to the neat WPCs, total smoke release decreased with the addition of ATH but increased with the addition of APP. Noticeably, WPCs containing the combination of 20 wt % APP and 10 wt % ATH (WPC/APP-20/ATH-10) showed the lowest PHRR and total heat release in all of the formulations. WPCs combustion residues were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, laser Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Thermogravimetric analysis coupled with FTIR spectroscopy was used to identify the organic volatiles that were produced during the thermal decomposition of WPCs. WPC/APP-20/ATH-10 showed the most compact carbonaceous residue with the highest degree of graphitization.
Impervious Surface Change Mapping with an Uncertainty-Based Spatial-Temporal Consistency Model: A Case Study in Wuhan City Using Landsat Time-Series Datasets from 1987 to 2016
Authors: Shi Lingfei , Ling Feng , Ge Yong , Foody Giles , Li Xiaodong , Wang Lihui , Zhang Yihang , Du Yun
Published: November 2017

Detailed information on the spatial-temporal change of impervious surfaces is important for quantifying the effects of rapid urbanization. Free access of the Landsat archive provides new opportunities for impervious surface mapping with fine spatial and temporal resolution. To improve the classification accuracy, a temporal consistency (TC) model may be applied on the original classification results of Landsat time-series datasets. However, existing TC models only use class labels, and ignore the uncertainty of classification during the process. In this study, an uncertainty-based spatial-temporal consistency (USTC) model was proposed to improve the accuracy of the long time series of impervious surface classifications. In contrast to existing TC methods, the proposed USTC model integrates classification uncertainty with the spatial-temporal context information to better describe the spatial-temporal consistency for the long time-series datasets. The proposed USTC model was used to obtain an annual map of impervious surfaces in Wuhan city with Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM), Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+), and Operational Land Imager (OLI) images from 1987 to 2016. The impervious surfaces mapped by the proposed USTC model were compared with those produced by the support vector machine (SVM) classifier and the TC model. The accuracy comparison of these results indicated that the proposed USTC model had the best performance in terms of classification accuracy. The increase of overall accuracy was about 4.23% compared with the SVM classifier, and about 1.79% compared with the TC model, which indicates the effectiveness of the proposed USTC model in mapping impervious surfaces from long-term Landsat sensor imagery.
Arbitrary-Oriented Vehicle Detection in Aerial Imagery with Single Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Tang Tianyu , Zhou Shilin , Deng Zhipeng , Lei Lin , Zou Huanxin
Published: November 2017

Vehicle detection with orientation estimation in aerial images has received widespread interest as it is important for intelligent traffic management. This is a challenging task, not only because of the complex background and relatively small size of the target, but also the various orientations of vehicles in aerial images captured from the top view. The existing methods for oriented vehicle detection need several post-processing steps to generate final detection results with orientation, which are not efficient enough. Moreover, they can only get discrete orientation information for each target. In this paper, we present an end-to-end single convolutional neural network to generate arbitrarily-oriented detection results directly. Our approach, named Oriented_SSD (Single Shot MultiBox Detector, SSD), uses a set of default boxes with various scales on each feature map location to produce detection bounding boxes. Meanwhile, offsets are predicted for each default box to better match the object shape, which contain the angle parameter for oriented bounding boxes’ generation. Evaluation results on the public DLR Vehicle Aerial dataset and Vehicle Detection in Aerial Imagery (VEDAI) dataset demonstrate that our method can detect both the location and orientation of the vehicle with high accuracy and fast speed. For test images in the DLR Vehicle Aerial dataset with a size of 5616 × 3744 , our method achieves 76.1% average precision (AP) and 78.7% correct direction classification at 5.17 s on an NVIDIA GTX-1060.
Enhancing the Trajectory Generation of a Stair-Climbing Mobility System
Authors: Chocoteco Jose , Morales Rafael , Feliu-Batlle Vicente
Published: November 2017

Recent advances in mobile robotic technologies have enabled significant progress to be made in the development of Stair-Climbing Mobility Systems (SCMSs) for people with mobility impairments and limitations. These devices are mainly characterized by their ability to negotiate those architectural barriers associated with climbing stairs (curbs, ramps, etc.). The development of advanced trajectory generators with which to surpass such architectural barriers is one of the most important aspects of SCMSs that has not yet been appropriately exploited. These advanced trajectory generators have a considerable influence on the time invested in the stair climbing process and on passenger comfort and, consequently, provide people with physical disabilities with greater independence and a higher quality of life. In this paper, we propose a new nonlinear trajectory generator for an SCMS. This generator balances the stair-climbing time and the user’s comfort and includes the most important constraints inherent to the system behavior: the geometry of the architectural barrier, the reconfigurable nature of the SCMS (discontinuous states), SCMS state-transition diagrams, comfort restrictions and physical limitations as regards the actuators, speed and acceleration. The SCMS was tested on a real two-step staircase using different time-comfort combinations and different climbing strategies to verify the effectiveness and the robustness of the proposed approach.
Computational Experiments on the Step and Frequency Responses of a Three-Axis Thermal Accelerometer
Authors: Ogami Yoshifumi , Murakita Naoya , Fukudome Koji
Published: November 2017

The sensor response has been reported to become highly nonlinear when the acceleration added to a thermal accelerator is very large, so the same response can be observed for two accelerations with different magnitudes and opposite signs. Some papers have reported the frequency response for the horizontal acceleration to be a first-order system, while others have reported it to be a second-order system. The response for the vertical acceleration has not been studied. In this study, computational experiments were performed to examine the step and frequency responses of a three-axis thermal accelerometer. The results showed that monitoring the temperatures at two positions and making use of cross-axis sensitivity allow a unique acceleration to be determined even when the range of the vertical acceleration is very large (e.g., −10,000–10,000 g). The frequency response was proven to be a second-order system for horizontal acceleration and a third-order system for vertical acceleration.
Analytical Parameters of an Amperometric Glucose Biosensor for Fast Analysis in Food Samples
Authors: Artigues Margalida , Abellà Jordi , Colominas Sergi
Published: November 2017

Amperometric biosensors based on the use of glucose oxidase (GOx) are able to combine the robustness of electrochemical techniques with the specificity of biological recognition processes. However, very little information can be found in literature about the fundamental analytical parameters of these sensors. In this work, the analytical behavior of an amperometric biosensor based on the immobilization of GOx using a hydrogel (Chitosan) onto highly ordered titanium dioxide nanotube arrays (TiO2NTAs) has been evaluated. The GOx–Chitosan/TiO2NTAs biosensor showed a sensitivity of 5.46 μA·mM−1 with a linear range from 0.3 to 1.5 mM; its fundamental analytical parameters were studied using a commercial soft drink. The obtained results proved sufficient repeatability (RSD = 1.9%), reproducibility (RSD = 2.5%), accuracy (95–105% recovery), and robustness (RSD = 3.3%). Furthermore, no significant interferences from fructose, ascorbic acid and citric acid were obtained. In addition, the storage stability was further examined, after 30 days, the GOx–Chitosan/TiO2NTAs biosensor retained 85% of its initial current response. Finally, the glucose content of different food samples was measured using the biosensor and compared with the respective HPLC value. In the worst scenario, a deviation smaller than 10% was obtained among the 20 samples evaluated.
Binary Component Sorption of Cadmium, and Copper Ions onto Yangtze River Sediments with Different Particle Sizes
Authors: Fan Jianxin , Zhao Guoliang , Sun Jiaoxia
Published: November 2017

Sorption is a crucial process that influences immobilization and migration of heavy metals in an aqueous environment. Sediments represent one of the ultimate sinks for heavy metals discharged into water body. Moreover, the particle size of sediments plays an extremely important role in the immobilization of heavy metals. In this study, the sorption and desorption of cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) onto sediments with different particle sizes were investigated to predict the rate and capacity of sorption, to understand their environmental behaviors in an aqueous environment. Batch sorption and kinetic experiments were conducted to obtain the retained amount and rate of Cd and Cu in a binary system. Experimental data were simulated using sorption models to ascertain the sorption capacity and the kinetic rate. Results of European Communities Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction showed the highest concentration of Cd (0.344 mg kg−1), and its distribution varied with sediment particle size and site. Furthermore, most of Cu (approximately 57% to 84%) existed as a residual fraction. The sorption of Cu onto six sediments followed a pseudo-first order reaction, whereas that of Cd followed a pseudo-second order reaction. Additionally, the competitive Langmuir model fitted the batch sorption experimental data extremely well. The highest sorption capacities of Cd and Cu reach 0.641 mmol kg−1 and 62.3 mmol kg−1, respectively, on the smallest submerged sediment particles. The amounts of Cu and Cd desorbed (mmol kg−1) increased linearly with the initial concentration increasing. Thus, sediment texture is an important factor that influences the sorption of heavy metal onto sediments.
Managing Innovation Paradox in the Sustainable Innovation Ecosystem: A Case Study of Ambidextrous Capability in a Focal Firm
Authors: Zeng Delin , Hu Jingbo , Ouyang Taohua
Published: November 2017

To achieve sustainable development, focal firms should balance two paradoxical kinds of innovation activities: exploitative and exploratory ones. Published works found that ambidexterity is an effective way to resolve paradoxical tensions, but few in-depth studies have been conducted to explore the innovation paradox of focal firms in the innovation ecosystem from an ambidextrous capability perspective. This paper takes China Spacesat Co., Ltd. as the case to study focal firms’ management of innovation paradoxes in the sustainable innovation ecosystem and finds that: (1) Sustainable innovation is an ecosystem in which focal firms’ internal functional departments, including the product department, technical center, and Makers’ groups, cooperate with external organizations, including component suppliers, scientific research institutes, and government departments, closely and complementarily; (2) In the exploitative and exploratory innovations of complex products, focal firms in the sustainable innovation ecosystem mainly confront three paradoxes: profit drive vs. breakthroughs in the strategic intent of sustainable innovation of the profit-driven model, tight vs. loose coupling of sustainable innovation, and sustainable innovation driven by discipline vs. that by passion; (3) Focal firms in the innovation ecosystem resolve these three innovation paradoxes with structural, contextual, and coordinated ambidextrous capabilities, and build innovation paradox management mechanisms with three steps in sequence, namely by establishing dual sustainable strategic innovation units, strengthening sustainable organizational ties between the internal and external, while co-creating and sharing innovation values, and, finally, promoting the formation and development of their sustainable innovation ecosystem. This paper complements and enriches the innovation ecosystem and ambidextrous capability theory, providing significant practical guidance to the sustainable development of aerospace enterprises.
Structural Complexity and Ecosystem Functions in a Natural Mixed Forest under a Single-Tree Selection Silviculture
Authors: Yoshida Toshiya , Naito Sayoko , Nagumo Misato , Hyodo Natsumi , Inoue Taiki , Umegane Hiromitsu , Yamazaki Haruka , Miya Hisashi , Nakamura Futoshi
Published: November 2017

The objective of forest management has become broader, and it is essential to harmonize timber production with conservation of the forest ecosystem. Selection cutting is recognized as a major alternative of clear-cutting, because it can maintain the complexity and heterogeneity of a natural forest; however, its long-term evaluations are limited. This study compared various attributes of stand structures, which are indicators of biodiversity and ecosystem carbon stock between managed and unmanaged blocks (12.6 ha area in total) in a natural mixed forest in Hokkaido, the northernmost island of Japan. We found that 30 years’ implementation of single-tree selection did not affect the volume, size structure, species diversity nor spatial distribution of overstory trees in the managed stands. Also, the total carbon stock in the managed stands was almost equal to that of the unmanaged stands. In contrast, several structural attributes and indicator elements that are significant for biodiversity (such as large-diameter live trees, dead trees, cavities, epiphytic bryophytes, and some avian guilds) showed marked decrease in the managed stands. We conclude that it is required to leave these structures and elements to some extent for deriving the merit of the management as an alternative silvicultural regime in the region.
Operations on Oriented Maps
Authors: Pisanski Tomaž , Williams Gordon , Berman Leah
Published: November 2017

A map on a closed surface is a two-cell embedding of a finite connected graph. Maps on surfaces are conveniently described by certain trivalent graphs, known as flag graphs. Flag graphs themselves may be considered as maps embedded in the same surface as the original graph. The flag graph is the underlying graph of the dual of the barycentric subdivision of the original map. Certain operations on maps can be defined by appropriate operations on flag graphs. Orientable surfaces may be given consistent orientations, and oriented maps can be described by a generating pair consisting of a permutation and an involution on the set of arcs (or darts) defining a partially directed arc graph. In this paper we describe how certain operations on maps can be described directly on oriented maps via arc graphs.
Management of Ciguatoxin Risk in Eastern Australia
Authors: Farrell Hazel , Murray Shauna , Zammit Anthony , Edwards Alan
Published: November 2017

Between 2014 and 2016, five cases of ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP), involving twenty four individuals, were linked to Spanish Mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) caught in the coastal waters of the state of New South Wales (NSW) on the east coast of Australia. Previously, documented cases of CFP in NSW were few, and primarily linked to fish imported from other regions. Since 2015, thirteen individuals were affected across four additional CFP cases in NSW, linked to fish imported from tropical locations. The apparent increase in CFP in NSW from locally sourced catch, combined with the risk of CFP from imported fish, has highlighted several considerations that should be incorporated into risk management strategies to minimize CFP exposure for seafood consumers.
The Apoptogenic Toxin AIP56 Is Secreted by the Type II Secretion System of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida
Authors: Do Vale Ana , Pereira Cassilda , R. Osorio Carlos , M. S. dos Santos Nuno
Published: November 2017

AIP56 (apoptosis-inducing protein of 56 kDa) is a key virulence factor of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp), the causative agent of a septicaemia affecting warm water marine fish species. Phdp-associated pathology is triggered by AIP56, a short trip AB toxin with a metalloprotease A domain that cleaves the p65 subunit of NF-κB, an evolutionarily conserved transcription factor that regulates the expression of inflammatory and anti-apoptotic genes and plays a central role in host responses to infection. During infection by Phdp, AIP56 is systemically disseminated and induces apoptosis of macrophages and neutrophils, compromising the host phagocytic defence and contributing to the genesis of pathology. Although it is well established that the secretion of AIP56 is crucial for Phdp pathogenicity, the protein secretion systems operating in Phdp and the mechanism responsible for the extracellular release of the toxin remain unknown. Here, we report that Phdp encodes a type II secretion system (T2SS) and show that mutation of the EpsL component of this system impairs AIP56 secretion. This work demonstrates that Phdp has a functional T2SS that mediates secretion of its key virulence factor AIP56.
Characterization and development of EST‐derived SSR markers in Sinowilsonia henryi (Hamamelidaceae)1
Authors: Li Zuo‐Zhou , Tian Hua , Zhang Jin‐Ju
Published: November 2017

Premise of the study:

Polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed to reveal the genetic diversity of extant populations and the mating system of Sinowilsonia henryi (Hamamelidaceae).

Methods and Results:

In this study, nuclear simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed using the Illumina high‐throughput sequencing technique (RNA‐Seq). The de novo–assembled transcriptome generated a total of 64,694 unique sequences with an average length of 601 bp. A total of 2941 microsatellite loci were detected. Of the 121 tested loci, 13 loci were polymorphic and eight were monomorphic among 72 individuals representing three natural populations of the species. The number of alleles per locus ranged from one to four, and the observed and expected heterozygosity at population level were 0.00–1.00 and 0.10–0.66, respectively.

Conclusions:

The developed expressed sequence tag (EST)–SSRs will be useful for studying genetic diversity of S. henryi as well as assessing the mating system among Sinowilsonia species.
Development and characterization of EST‐SSR markers for Ottelia acuminata var. jingxiensis (Hydrocharitaceae)1
Authors: Li Zhi‐Zhong , Lu Meng‐Xue , Saina Josphat K. , Gichira Andrew W. , Wang Qing‐Feng , Chen Jin‐Ming
Published: November 2017

Premise of the study:

Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were derived from transcriptomic data for Ottelia acuminata (Hydrocharitaceae), a species comprising five endemic and highly endangered varieties in China.

Methods and Results:

Sixteen novel SSR markers were developed for O. acuminata var. jingxiensis. One to eight alleles per locus were found, with a mean of 2.896. The observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.000 to 1.000 and 0.000 to 0.793, respectively. Interestingly, in cross‐varietal amplification, 13 out of the 16 loci were successfully amplified in O. acuminata var. acuminata, and 12 amplified in each of the other three varieties of O. acuminata.

Conclusions:

These newly developed SSR markers will facilitate further study of genetic variation and provide important genetic data needed for appropriate conservation of natural populations of all varieties of O. acuminata.
ALMA 1.3 mm Map of the HD 95086 System
Authors: Su Kate Y. L. , MacGregor Meredith A. , Booth Mark , Wilner David J. , Flaherty Kevin , Hughes A. Meredith , Phillips Neil M. , Malhotra Renu , Hales Antonio S. , Morrison Sarah , Ertel Steve , Matthews Brenda C. , Dent William R. F. , Casassus Simon
Published: November 2017

Planets and minor bodies such as asteroids, Kuiper-Belt objects, and comets are integral components of a planetary system. Interactions among them leave clues about the formation process of a planetary system. The signature of such interactions is most prominent through observations of its debris disk at millimeter wavelengths where emission is dominated by the population of large grains that stay close to their parent bodies. Here we present ALMA 1.3 mm observations of HD 95086, a young early-type star that hosts a directly imaged giant planet b and a massive debris disk with both asteroid- and Kuiper-Belt analogs. The location of the Kuiper-Belt analog is resolved for the first time. The system can be depicted as a broad (ΔR/R ∼ 0.84), inclined (30° ± 3°) ring with millimeter emission peaked at 200 ± 6 au from the star. The 1.3 mm disk emission is consistent with a broad disk with sharp boundaries from 106 ± 6 to 320 ± 20 au with a surface density distribution described by a power law with an index of −0.5 ± 0.2. Our deep ALMA map also reveals a bright source located near the edge of the ring, whose brightness at 1.3 mm and potential spectral energy distribution are consistent with it being a luminous star-forming galaxy at high redshift. We set constraints on the orbital properties of planet b assuming coplanarity with the observed disk.
Prominence Eruption Initiated by Helical Kink Instability of an Embedded Flux Rope
Authors: Vemareddy P. , Gopalswamy N. , Ravindra B.
Published: November 2017

We study the triggering mechanism of a limb-prominence eruption and the associated coronal mass ejection (CME) near AR 12342 using Solar Dynamics Observatory and Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph/Solar Heliospheric Observatory observations. The prominence is seen with an embedded flux thread (FT) at one end and bifurcates from the middle to a different footpoint location. The morphological evolution of the FT is similar to that of an unstable flux rope (FR), which we regard as a prominence-embedded FR. The FR twist exceeds the critical value. In addition, the morphology of the prominence plasma in 304 Å images marks the helical nature of the magnetic skeleton, with a total of 2.96 turns along arc length. The potential field extrapolation model indicates that the critical height of the background magnetic field gradient falls within the inner corona (105 Mm), which is consistent with the extent of coronal plasma loops. These results suggest that the helical kink instability in the embedded FR caused the slow rise of the prominence to the height of the torus instability domain. Moreover, the differential emission measure analysis unveils heating of the prominence plasma to coronal temperatures during an eruption, suggesting reconnection-related heating underneath the upward rising embedded FR. The prominence starts with a slow rise motion of 10 km s−1, which is followed by fast and slow acceleration phases that have an average acceleration of 28.9 m s−2 and 2.4 m s−2 in C2 and C3 field of view, respectively. As predicted by previous numerical simulations, the observed synchronous kinematic profiles of the CME leading edge and the core support the involved FR instability in the prominence initiation.
The Role of Electron Excitation and Nature of Molecular Gas in Cluster Central Elliptical Galaxies
Authors: Lim Jeremy , Dinh-V-Trung  , Vrtilek Jan , David Laurence P. , Forman William
Published: November 2017

We present observations in CO (3–2) that, combined with previous observations in CO (2–1), constrain the physical properties of the filamentary molecular gas in the central ∼6.5 kpc of NGC 1275, the central giant elliptical galaxy of the Perseus Cluster. We find this molecular gas to have a temperature

≳
20

K and a density

∼

10

2

–

10

4

cm

−
3

, typically warmer and denser than the bulk of Giant Molecular Clouds (GMCs) in the Galaxy. Bathed in the harsh radiation and particle field of the surrounding intracluster X-ray gas, the molecular gas likely has a much higher ionization fraction than that of GMCs. For an ionization fraction of ∼10−4, similar to that of Galactic diffuse (

≲
250

cm

−
3

) partially molecular clouds that emit in HCN (1–0) and HCO+ (1–0), we show that the same gas traced in CO can produce the previously reported emissions in HCN (3–2), HCO+ (3–2), and CN (2–1) from NGC 1275; the dominant source of excitation for all the latter molecules is collisions with electrons. For the molecular filaments to not collapse, as evidenced by their lack of star formation, they must consist of thin strands that have cross-sectional radii ≲0.2–2 pc if supported solely by thermal gas pressure; larger radii are permissible if turbulence or poloidal magnetic fields provide additional pressure support. We point out that the conditions required to relate CO luminosities to molecular gas masses in our Galaxy are unlikely to apply in cluster central elliptical galaxies. Rather than being virialized structures analogous to GMCs, we propose that the molecular gas in NGC 1275 comprises pressure-confined structures created by turbulent flows.
Comparison of Gravitational Waves from Central Engines of Gamma-Ray Bursts: Neutrino-dominated Accretion Flows, Blandford–Znajek Mechanisms, and Millisecond Magnetars
Authors: Liu Tong , Lin Chao-Yang , Song Cui-Ying , Li Ang
Published: November 2017

Neutrino-dominated accretion flow (NDAF) around a rotating stellar-mass black hole (BH) is one of the plausible candidates for the central engines of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Because the time-variant and anisotropic emission of neutrinos from NDAFs leads to GRB variability, NDAFs can be regarded as the sources of strong gravitational waves (GWs). We calculate the dependences of the GW strains on both the BH spin and the accretion rate. We demonstrate that, for typical GRBs with either a single pulse or multiple pulses, the GWs from NDAFs might be detected at a distance of ∼100 kpc/∼1 Mpc by the advanced LIGO/Einstein Telescope with a typical frequency of

∼
10
–
100

Hz

. Besides NDAFs, the other two competitive candidates for the GRB central engine are the Blandford–Znajek (BZ) mechanism and millisecond magnetars. We explore the GW signals from these two as well, and compare the corresponding results with NDAFs’. We find that for a certain GRB, the possible detected distance from NDAFs is about two orders of magnitude higher than that from the BZ mechanism, but at least two orders of magnitude lower than that from magnetars. The typical GW frequency for the BZ mechanism is the same as that of NDAFs,

∼
10
–
100

Hz

, while the typical frequency for magnetars is ∼2000 Hz. Therefore, the GWs released by the central engines of adjacent GRBs might be used to determine whether there is an NDAF, a BZ jet, or a magnetar in the GRB center.
Electron and Proton Heating in Transrelativistic Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Rowan Michael E. , Sironi Lorenzo , Narayan Ramesh
Published: November 2017

Hot collisionless accretion flows, such as the one in Sgr A* at our Galactic center, provide a unique setting for the investigation of magnetic reconnection. Here protons are nonrelativistic, while electrons can be ultrarelativistic. By means of 2D particle-in-cell simulations, we investigate electron and proton heating in the outflows of transrelativistic reconnection (i.e.,

σ

w

∼
0.1
–
1

, where the magnetization

σ

w

is the ratio of magnetic energy density to enthalpy density). For both electrons and protons, we find that heating at high

β

i

(here

β

i

is the ratio of proton thermal pressure to magnetic pressure) is dominated by adiabatic compression (“adiabatic heating”), while at low

β

i

it is accompanied by a genuine increase in entropy (“irreversible heating”). For our fiducial

σ

w

=
0.1

, the irreversible heating efficiency at

β

i

≲
1

is nearly independent of the electron-to-proton temperature ratio

T

e

/

T

i

(which we vary from 0.1 up to 1), and it asymptotes to

∼
2
%

of the inflowing magnetic energy in the low-

β

i

limit. Protons are heated more efficiently than electrons at low and moderate

β

i

(by a factor of ∼7), whereas the electron and proton heating efficiencies become comparable at

β

i

∼
2

if

T

e

/

T

i

=
1

, when both species start already relativistically hot. We find comparable heating efficiencies between the two species also in the limit of relativistic reconnection (

σ

w

≳
1

). Our results have important implications for the two-temperature nature of collisionless accretion flows and may provide the subgrid physics needed in general relativistic MHD simulations.
Is the Gas-phase OH+H2CO Reaction a Source of HCO in Interstellar Cold Dark Clouds? A Kinetic, Dynamic, and Modeling Study
Authors: Ocaña A. J. , Jiménez E. , Ballesteros B. , Canosa A. , Antiñolo M. , Albaladejo J. , Agúndez M. , Cernicharo J. , Zanchet A. , del Mazo P. , Roncero O. , Aguado A.
Published: November 2017

The chemical kinetics of neutral–neutral gas-phase reactions at ultralow temperatures is a fascinating research subject with important implications on the chemistry of complex organic molecules in the interstellar medium (T ∼ 10–100 K). Scarce kinetic information is currently available for these kinds of reactions at T < 200 K. In this work, we use the Cinétique de Réaction en Ecoulement Supersonique Uniforme (CRESU; Reaction Kinetics in a Uniform Supersonic Flow) technique to measure for the first time the rate coefficients (k) of the gas-phase OH+H2CO reaction between 22 and 107 K. The k values greatly increase from 2.1 × 10−11 cm3 s−1 at 107 K to 1.2 × 10−10 cm3 s−1 at 22 K. This is also confirmed by quasi-classical trajectories (QCT) at collision energies down to 0.1 meV performed using a new full dimension and ab initio potential energy surface that generates highly accurate potential and includes long-range dipole–dipole interactions. QCT calculations indicate that at low temperatures HCO is the exclusive product for the OH+H2CO reaction. In order to revisit the chemistry of HCO in cold dense clouds, k is reasonably extrapolated from the experimental results at 10 K (2.6 × 10−10 cm3 s−1). The modeled abundances of HCO are in agreement with the observations in cold dark clouds for an evolving time of 105–106 yr. The different sources of production of HCO are presented and the uncertainties in the chemical networks are discussed. The present reaction is shown to account for a few percent of the total HCO production rate. This reaction can be expected to be a competitive process in the chemistry of prestellar cores. Extensions to photodissociation regions and diffuse cloud environments are also addressed.
Full-sky Gravitational Lensing Simulation for Large-area Galaxy Surveys and Cosmic Microwave Background Experiments
Authors: Takahashi Ryuichi , Hamana Takashi , Shirasaki Masato , Namikawa Toshiya , Nishimichi Takahiro , Osato Ken , Shiroyama Kosei
Published: November 2017

We present 108 full-sky gravitational lensing simulation data sets generated by performing multiple-lens plane ray-tracing through high-resolution cosmological N-body simulations. The data sets include full-sky convergence and shear maps from redshifts z = 0.05 to 5.3 at intervals of

150

h

−
1

Mpc

comoving radial distance (corresponding to a redshift interval of

Δ
z
≃
0.05

at the nearby universe), enabling the construction of a mock shear catalog for an arbitrary source distribution up to z = 5.3. The dark matter halos are identified from the same N-body simulations with enough mass resolution to resolve the host halos of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) CMASS and luminous red galaxies (LRGs). Angular positions and redshifts of the halos are provided by a ray-tracing calculation, enabling the creation of a mock halo catalog to be used for galaxy–galaxy and cluster–galaxy lensing. The simulation also yields maps of gravitational lensing deflections for a source redshift at the last scattering surface, and we provide 108 realizations of lensed cosmic microwave background (CMB) maps in which the post-Born corrections caused by multiple light scattering are included. We present basic statistics of the simulation data, including the angular power spectra of cosmic shear, CMB temperature and polarization anisotropies, galaxy–galaxy lensing signals for halos, and their covariances. The angular power spectra of the cosmic shear and CMB anisotropies agree with theoretical predictions within 5% up to

ℓ
=
3000

(or at an angular scale

θ
>
0.5

arcmin). The simulation data sets are generated primarily for the ongoing Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam survey, but are freely available for download at http://cosmo.phys.hirosaki-u.ac.jp/takahasi/allsky_raytracing/.
Obéissance et suicide. Le cas de la Guadeloupe
Authors: Ganem Valérie , Gaignard Lise
Published: November 2017

Nous défendrons l’hypothèse dans cet article, à partir d’un cas clinique, qu’une stratégie collective de défense mise en évidence en Guadeloupe, par la limitation de l’engagement subjectif qu’elle génère, du fait notamment qu’elle déplace la quête effrénée de reconnaissance par la hiérarchie vers une nécessité d’appartenance au groupe des travailleurs exploités, pourrait constituer pour partie une protection contre le risque psychopathologique lié au travail.
Être néo quelque part : la gentrification à Marseille et ses implications sociolinguistiques
Authors: Gasquet-Cyrus Médéric , Trimaille Cyril
Published: November 2017

Cette étude de sociolinguistique urbaine, qui évalue l’impact des changements urbains sur les pratiques langagières et les discours, s’inscrit dans le cadre d’un processus de gentrification en cours à Marseille. Nous étudions les pratiques langagières et les attitudes des « néo-Marseillais », une population de nouveaux résidents qui commencent à émerger en tant que catégorie, voire comme stéréotype. À partir d’observations et d’entretiens avec de nouveaux arrivants, nous analysons la manière dont cette population s’empare ou non de la variété de français parlée localement : d’une ignorance quasi complète des particularités linguistiques locales à une utilisation « spontanée » et intégrée de traits marseillais, en passant par différents niveaux de connaissance/utilisation de ressources qui pourraient constituer un élément d’intégration ou de ségrégation – parmi d’autres – des néo-Marseillais à la ville.
Mixité, plurilinguisme et exolinguisme : asymétrie et pouvoir dans l’appropriation langagière
Authors: Zeiter Anne-Christel
Published: November 2017

Les couples où plusieurs langues sont pratiquées sont traditionnellement pensés comme mixtes pour investiguer l’évaluation sociale de leur altérité, ou comme plurilingue lorsque l’intérêt se porte sur leurs pratiques langagières. Pour explorer l’influence des modes de socialisation du couple sur l’appropriation langagière du conjoint alloglotte, je propose ici de mobiliser la notion de situation exolingue qui met l’accent sur une asymétrie entre les partenaires et souligne les rapports de pouvoir générés par l’altérité et la complexité du répertoire langagier plurilingue. À partir d’extraits d’entretiens recueillis en Suisse francophone auprès de deux couples, je discuterai ce que ces catégorisations produisent en termes de savoir et de conceptions sur la langue, l’appropriation langagière et le couple.
Création et désespoir
Authors: Viader Antoine
Published: November 2017

Une histoire de l’« art brut », de « l’art des fous » conduit à cheminer avec les courants novateurs de la psychiatrie, qui cherchent toujours de nouvelles approches prenant en compte la valeur humaine de la folie. La souffrance de la création et le désespoir étant intimement liés, ce que disent les créateurs eux-mêmes en souffrance permet d’approcher ce que vivent les patients engagés dans des ateliers de création.
L’artiste-intervenant et l’institution médicosociale
Authors: Grosbois Claire
Published: November 2017

Dans cet article, l’auteure questionne la présence et le positionnement de l’artiste intervenant au sein de structures médicosociales, auprès de publics vulnérabilisés. Tout en insistant sur les problématiques propres au fonctionnement institutionnel actuel, elle envisage la pratique artistique comme une potentielle issue à l’isolement des personnes et au cloisonnement des établissements. Faisant part de son expérience de plasticienne et d’accompagnatrice, elle souligne la pertinence de projets culturels hors institution, favorisant la mixité sociale et la déstigmatisation de la différence.