bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Precise Single-Frequency Positioning Using Low-Cost Receiver with the Aid of Lane-Level Map Matching for Land Vehicle Navigation
Authors: Liu Fei , Liu Yue , Nie Zhixi , Gao Yang
Published: July 2020

Precise positioning with low-cost single-frequency global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers has great potential in a wide range of applications because of its low price and improved accuracy. However, challenges remain in achieving reliable and accurate solutions using low-cost receivers. For instance, the successful ambiguity fixing rate could be low for real-time kinematic (RTK) while large errors may occur in precise point positioning (PPP) in some scenarios (e.g., trees along the road). To solve the problems, this paper proposes a method with the aid of additional lane-level digital map information to improve the accuracy and reliability of RTK and PPP solutions. In the method, a digital camera will be applied for lane recognition and the positioning solution from a low-cost receiver will be projected to the digital map lane link. With the projected point position as a constraint, the RTK ambiguity fixing rate and PPP performance can be enhanced. A field kinematic test was conducted to verify the improvement of the RTK and PPP solutions with the aid of map matching. The results show that the RTK ambiguity fixing rate can be increased and the PPP positioning error can be reduced by map matching.
Prehospital Efficacy and Adverse Events Associated with Bolus Dose Epinephrine in Hypotensive Patients During Ground-Based EMS Transport
Authors: Patrick Casey , Ward Brad , Anderson Jordan , Fioretti Joe , Rogers Keene Kelly , Oubre Carri , Cash Rebecca E. , Panchal Ashish R. , Dickson Robert
Published: July 2020

Background:

The utility and efficacy of bolus dose vasopressors in hemodynamically unstable patients is well-established in the fields of general anesthesia and obstetrics. However, in the prehospital setting, minimal evidence for bolus dose vasopressor use exists and is primarily limited to critical care transport use. Hypotensive episodes, whether traumatic, peri-intubation-related, or septic, increase patient mortality. The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy and adverse events associated with prehospital bolus dose epinephrine use in non-cardiac arrest, hypotensive patients treated by a single, high-volume, ground-based Emergency Medical Services (EMS) agency.

Methods:

This is a retrospective, observational study of all non-cardiac arrest EMS patients treated for hypotension using bolus dose epinephrine from September 12, 2018 through September 12, 2019. Inclusion criteria for treatment with bolus dose epinephrine required a systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurement <90mmHg. A dose of 20mcg every two minutes, as needed, was allowed per protocol. The primary data source was the EMS electronic medical record.

Results:

Forty-two patients were treated under the protocol with a median (IQR) initial SBP immediately prior to treatment of 78mmHg (65-86) and a median (IQR) initial mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 58mmHg (50-66). The post-bolus SBP and MAP increased to 93mmHg (75-111) and 69mmHg (59-83), respectively. The two most common patient presentations requiring protocol use were altered mental status (55%) and respiratory failure (31%). Over one-half of the patients treated required both advanced airway management (62%) and multiple bolus doses of vasopressor support (55%). A single episode of transient severe hypertension (SBP>180mmHg) occurred, but there were no episodes of unstable tachyarrhythmia or cardiac arrest while en route or upon arrival to the receiving hospitals.

Conclusion:

These preliminary data suggest that the administration of bolus dose epinephrine may be effective at rapidly augmenting hypotension in the prehospital setting with a minimal incidence of adverse events. Paramedic use of bolus dose epinephrine successfully increased SBP and MAP without clinically significant side effects. Prospective studies with larger sample sizes are needed to further investigate the effects of prehospital bolus dose epinephrine on patient morbidity and mortality.
A Western-style diet interacts with genetic variants of the LDL receptor to hyper-LDL cholesterolemia in Korean adults
Authors: Park Sunmin , Kang Suna
Published: July 2020

Objective:

To evaluate the association of genetic risk scores (GRS) ofLDLR, APOBand proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) SNP and plasma LDL concentrations and to identify lifestyle interactions with the GRS in Korean middle-aged adults.

Design:

Korean genome and epidemiology study (KoGES) was conducted to determine genetic variants and lifestyle factors, including nutrient intakes, in a retrospective hospital-based city cohort conducted by the Korean Center for Disease and Control during 2004–2013.

Settings:

Hospitals in Korea.

Participants:

Adults aged 40–77 years (n28 445) without serious diseases.

Results:

Subjects with the major alleles (risk allele) ofLDLRrs1433099 and rs11557092,APOBrs13306194 andPCSK9rs11583723 had higher plasma LDL concentration by 1·20-folds than those with the minor alleles. Subjects with High-GRS (major alleles) of the four SNP had higher adjusted OR for plasma total and LDL-cholesterol and TAG concentrations by 1·24-, 1·203- and 1·167-folds, respectively, but not HDL-cholesterol, than those with Low-GRS. Western-style flour-rich dietary patterns, but not balanced Korean-style and rice-based dietary patterns, had interactions with GRS to increase plasma LDL concentrations. Daily energy intake also interacted with GRS. In the high intake of Western-style flour-rich dietary patterns, carriers with High-GRS had much higher plasma LDL concentrations than the Low-GRS. With high energy intake, carriers with High-GRS had much higher plasma LDL concentrations than those with Low-GRS.

Conclusions:

Adults with major alleles of four SNP are recommended to have low-energy intakes with a balanced Korean diet need to avoid high-energy intakes especially with Western-style flour-rich diet patterns.
Adherence to Mediterranean diet is inversely associated with the consumption of ultra-processed foods among Spanish children: the SENDO project
Authors: da Rocha Bárbara Rafaela Santos , Rico-Campà Anaïs , Romanos-Nanclares Andrea , Ciriza Edurne , Barbosa Kiriaque Barra Ferreira , Martínez-González Miguel Ángel , Martín-Calvo Nerea
Published: July 2020

Objective:

To assess whether higher adherence to the traditional Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) was associated with lower consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) and lower free sugar intake.

Design:

Cross-sectional analysis of baseline information among participants in the SENDO project, a Spanish paediatric cohort. Dietary information was collected through a semi-quantitative FFQ. Food items were classified according to the NOVA classification. Adherence to the MedDiet was evaluated through the KIDMED index.

Setting:

Spain.

Participants:

Three hundred eight-six children (52 % boys) with a mean age of 5·3 years old (sd1·0) were included in the analysis.

Results:

74·4 % of the children had moderate adherence to the MedDiet (mean KIDMED score: 5·9 points;sd1·7) and overall, 32·2 % of the total energy intake came from UPF. Each two additional points in the KIDMED score was associated with 3·1 % (95 % CI 2·1, 4·0) lower energy intake from UPF. Compared to those with low adherence to the MedDiet, children with medium and high adherence reported 5·0 % (95 % CI 2·2, 7·7) and 8·5 % (95 % CI 5·2, 11·9) lower energy intake from UPF, respectively. We also found that 71·6 % of the variability in free sugar intake was explained by the variability in UPF consumption.

Conclusions:

Adherence to the traditional MedDiet was inversely associated with energy intake from UPF. Furthermore, most of the variability in free sugar intake was explained by the variability of UPF consumption. Public health strategies are needed to strengthen the adherence to the MedDiet in pre-schoolers while regulating the production, marketing and advertising of UPF.
Adolescent nutrition and physical activity in low-income suburbs of Abidjan, Côte d’lvoire: the gap between knowledge, aspirations and possibilities
Authors: Jesson Julie , Kouakou Egnon KV , Hardy-Johnson Polly , Ngoran-Theckly Patricia , Kehoe Sarah H , Adonis Laurence , Fall Caroline , Leroy Valériane , Barker Mary , Weller Susie
Published: July 2020

Objective:

To explore adolescents’ perceptions, knowledge and behaviours regarding nutrition and physical activity in low-income districts of Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, taking into consideration their caregivers’ perspectives.

Design:

Two investigators conducted six focus group discussions.

Setting:

The study was carried out in two low-income suburbs, Yopougon and Port-Bouët, in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.

Participants:

Adolescents and their caregivers were recruited into the study via local head teachers and heads of settlement.

Results:

Overall, seventy-two participants, including forty-six adolescents and twenty-six caregivers, took part. Participants demonstrated good nutrition knowledge, relating nutritional health to a balanced diet and hygiene. Sustained physical activity was reported. However, adopting good practices was challenging due to participant’s economic circumstances. Their environment was a barrier to improving health due to dirtiness and violence, with a lack of space limiting the possibility to practice sport. Adolescents and their caregivers differed in their response to these constraints. Many caregivers felt powerless and suggested that a political response was the solution. Alternatively, adolescents were more likely to suggest new creative solutions such as youth-friendly centres within their community.

Conclusions:

Participants were aware that their nutritional habits were not in line with what they had learnt to be good nutritional practices due to socio-economic constraints. Physical activity was part of adolescent life, but opportunities to exercise were restricted by their environment. Strategies for improving adolescent health in these settings need to be developed in collaboration with adolescents in a manner that accommodates their opinions and solutions.
Dietary quality differs among cannabis use groups: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–16
Authors: Gelfand Amy R , Tangney Christy C
Published: July 2020

Objective:

To describe diet quality (Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI-2010) and Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015)) according to self-reported cannabis use among the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) adult participants.

Design:

Utilizing cross-sectional data, we assessed diet quality with up to two 24-h diet recalls from NHANES participants. Usual intakes were estimated via the multivariate Markov Chain–Monte Carlo method. Diet quality scores were compared among never users, previous users and current users of cannabis.

Setting:

NHANES surveys from 2005 to 2016.

Participants:

Adult NHANES participants (17 855) aged 20–59 years with valid data for dietary recalls and drug use questionnaires.

Results:

Current adult cannabis users (ages 20–59 years) had significantly lower total diet quality (HEI-2010) scores (51·8 ± 0·7) compared with previous (56·2 ± 0·4) and never users (57·7 ± 0·4). Similar differences in total and individual HEI-2015 scores were observed. For the HEI-2015 scores, cannabis users had a significantly higher (better) sodium scores (4·1 ± 0·2) compared with never users (3·3 ± 0·1) and previous users (3·2 ± 0·1). Cannabis users scored lower compared with never users on total vegetables (3·1 ± 0·1 v. 3·7 ± 0·0), total fruit (2·1 ± 0·1 v. 3·0 ± 0·1) and whole fruit (2·2 ± 0·1 v. 3·3 ± 0·1) for the HEI-2015 index.

Conclusions:

Current cannabis users’ usual intakes reflect lower diet quality compared with never or previous users, particularly lower subcomponent scores of total vegetables, greens and beans, total fruit and whole fruit. Cannabis users should increase their intake of fruit and vegetables to improve overall diet quality.
Reconstructing the Velocity and Deformation of a Rapid Landslide Using Multiview Video
Authors: Rapstine T. D. , Rengers F. K. , Allstadt K. E. , Iverson R. M. , Smith J. B. , Obryk M. K. , Logan M. , Olsen M. J.
Published: July 2020

Noncontact measurements of spatially varied ground surface deformation during landslide motion can provide important constraints on landslide mechanics. Here, we present and test a new method for extracting measurements of rapid landslide surface displacement and velocity (accelerations of approximately 1 m/s2) using sequences of stereo images obtained from a pair of inexpensive, stationary 4K video cameras with nominal frame rates of 29.97 Hz. The method combines elements of Structure from Motion with those of optical flow to extract data on 3‐D evolution of the ground surface during slope failure. We apply the method to an experiment at the U.S. Geological Survey debris‐flow flume in which a high‐speed, liquefying landslide was triggered by gradually adding water to a 6‐m3 prism of loosely packed sediment on a 31° slope. Strip‐scanning lidar measurements made during the experiment corroborate our video‐based measurements, but the latter encompassed the entire landslide surface and were much lower in cost. Our video‐based measurements enabled computation of depth‐integrated landslide dilation/contraction rates. The range of computed rates was within the ranges inferred from independent measurements of evolving pore water pressures and reasonable estimates of the hydraulic permeability of the sediment. Dilation and contraction rates play a crucial role in landslide mechanics. The dilation and contraction we observe contradict the incompressible flow assumption used in many studies that have employed noncontact methods to infer landslide properties.
Spread of Svalbard Glacier Mass Loss to Barents Sea Margins Revealed by CryoSat‐2
Authors: Morris A. , Moholdt G. , Gray L.
Published: July 2020

The Norwegian Arctic archipelago of Svalbard is located in the most rapidly warming area of the Arctic, at the interface of Arctic and Atlantic air and ocean masses. The presence of a large number of surge‐type glaciers and the potential for rapid changes in surface mass balance and ice dynamics necessitates regularly updated mass balance assessment. This study uses swath processing of CryoSat‐2 SARIn mode data to obtain glacier elevations for 2011–2017. Individual elevation estimates are collected into 1‐km2 grid cells, and a least squares plane‐fitting technique is used to calculate rates of elevation change, with residuals being used to reveal the temporal pattern. A 7‐year rate of mass change of −16.0 ± 3.0 Gt a−1 is estimated (equivalent to 0.044 mm a−1 of global sea level rise), of which −11.0 Gt a−1 results from the melt and dynamic thinning of nonsurging ice and −5.0 Gt a−1 results from surges. This compares to ‐3.4 Gt a−1 previously estimated using ice, cloud, and land elevation satellite (ICESat) (2003–2008). The west coast remains a major contributor to mass loss from nonsurging ice in the archipelago, with mass loss increasing from areas bordering the Barents Sea. Sea ice concentration and climate reanalysis data sets show ocean and lower atmospheric warming and sea ice decline in this region, likely contributing to enhanced glacier melt and discharge.
Galactic Cosmic Radiation in the Interplanetary Space Through a Modern Secular Minimum
Authors: Rahmanifard F. , de Wet W. C. , Schwadron N. A. , Owens M. J. , Jordan A. P. , Wilson J. K. , Joyce C. J. , Spence H. E. , Smith C. W. , Townsend L. W.
Published: July 2020

Recent solar conditions indicate a persistent decline in solar activity—possibly similar to the past solar grand minima. During such periods of low solar activity, the fluxes of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) increase remarkably, presenting a hazard for long‐term crewed space missions. We used data from the Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER) on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) to examine the correlation between the heliospheric magnetic field, solar wind speed, and solar modulation potential of the GCRs through Cycle 24. We used this correlation to project observations from past secular solar minima, including the Dalton minimum (1790–1830) and the Gleissberg minimum (1890–1920), into the next cycle. For the case of conditions similar to the Dalton (or Gleissberg) minimum, the heliospheric magnetic field could drop to 3.61 (or 4.06) nT, leading to a dose rate increase of ∼75% (or 34%). We showed that accounting for a floor in the modulation potential, invoked by the Badhwar‐O'Neill 2014 model, moderates the projected radiation levels in Cycle 25. We used these results to determine the most conservative permissible mission duration (PMD,
and
 days for 45‐year‐old male and female astronauts, respectively) based on a 3% risk of exposure‐induced death (REID) at the upper 95% confidence interval in interplanetary space.
Worsening Water Crisis in the Eastern Caribbean
Authors: Peter Sarah
Published: July 2020

Scientists, policy makers, and residents are concerned that ongoing water shortages and longer periods of drought may worsen as the climate changes and that the Paris Agreement has fallen short.
Interhemispheric Conjugacy of Concurrent Onset and Poleward Traveling Geomagnetic Responses for Throat Aurora Observed Under Quiet Solar Wind Conditions
Authors: Feng Hui‐Ting , Han De‐Sheng , Chen Xiang‐Cai , Liu Jian‐Jun , Xu Zhong‐Hua
Published: July 2020

Throat auroras frequently observed near local noon have been confirmed to correspond to magnetopause indentations, but the generation mechanisms for these indentations and the detailed properties of throat aurora are both not fully understood. Using all‐sky camera and magnetometer observations, we reported some new observational features of throat aurora as follows. (1) Throat auroras can occur under stable solar wind conditions and cause clear geomagnetic responses. (2) These geomagnetic responses can be simultaneously observed at conjugate geomagnetic meridian chains in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. (3) The initial geomagnetic responses of throat aurora show concurrent onsets that were observed at all stations along the meridians. (4) Immediately after the concurrent onsets, poleward moving signatures and micropositive bays were observed in the X components at higher‐ and lower‐latitude stations, respectively. We argue that these observations provide evidence for throat aurora being generated by low‐latitude magnetopause reconnection. We suggest that the concurrent onsets reflect the instantaneous responses of the reconnection signal arriving at the ionosphere, the followed poleward moving signatures reflect the antisunward dragging of the footprint of newly opened field lines, and the micropositive bays may result from a pair of field‐aligned currents generated during the reconnection. This study may shed new light on the geomagnetic transients observed at cusp latitude near magnetic local noon.
Characterizing Temperature and Aerosol Variability During Jupiter's 2006–2007 Equatorial Zone Disturbance
Authors: Antuñano Arrate , Fletcher Leigh N. , Orton Glenn S. , Toledo Daniel , Melin Henrik , Roman Michael T. , Sinclair James A. , Donnelly Padraig T. , Morton Eleanor K. , Selves Peter
Published: July 2020

We use ground‐based mid‐infrared (8–20 μm) data acquired by three different instruments between 2005 and 2008 to characterize the variability of tropospheric temperature and aerosol opacity during the 2006–2007 Equatorial Zone disturbance. This disturbance is part of a repeating pattern of cloud‐clearing events at Jupiter's equator, observed as a significant brightening at 5 μm (sensing the 2‐ to 7‐bar region) and darkening at visible wavelengths (sensing the ∼0.7‐bar pressure level). The data reveal a brightness temperature increase of ∼3.1 K between 2005 and February 2007 at 8.6‐μm sensing tropospheric aerosol opacity and temperature near 0.6–0.8 bar. At wavelengths sensing tropospheric ammonia and temperatures between 150 and 600 mbar, the brightness temperature remains largely invariant between 2005 and 2008. The tropospheric vertical temperature profile and the tropospheric aerosol opacity were derived from images captured in different filters on four different dates, one for each year. The retrieved aerosol opacity at ∼0.6–0.8 bar shows a decrease at 2–5°S of ∼45% in 2006 and ∼65% in 2007, with respect to 2008. This is consistent with cloud clearing/thinning during the coloration of the Equatorial Zone at visible wavelengths. This brightening at 8.6 μm started in 2005 and preceded the brightening at 5 μm, which started in April 2006. The results also suggest that cloud clearing during the Equatorial Zone disturbances is not simply the result of tropospheric warming, at least at p < 0.7 bar. We propose that cloud clearing occurs due to a decrease in the ammonia gas upwelling at the equator.
Constraining Ancient Magmatic Evolution on Mars Using Crystal Chemistry of Detrital Igneous Minerals in the Sedimentary Bradbury Group, Gale Crater, Mars
Authors: Payré V. , Siebach K. L. , Dasgupta R. , Udry A. , Rampe E. B. , Morrison S. M.
Published: July 2020

Understanding magmatic processes is critical to understanding Mars as a system, but Curiosity's investigation of dominantly sedimentary rocks has made it difficult to constrain igneous processes. Igneous classification of float rocks is challenging because of the following: (1) the possibility that they have been affected by sedimentary processes or weathering, and (2) grain size heterogeneity in the observed rock textures makes the small‐scale compositions measured by rover instruments unreliable for bulk classification. We avoid these ambiguities by using detrital igneous mineral chemistry to constrain models of magmatic processes in the source region for the fluvio‐deltaic Bradbury group. Mineral chemistry is obtained from X‐ray diffraction of three collected samples and a new stoichiometric and visual filtering of ~5,000 laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) spots to identify compositions of individual igneous minerals. Observed mineral chemistries are compared to those produced by MELTS thermodynamic modeling to constrain possible magmatic conditions. Fractionation of two starting primary melts derived from different extent of adiabatic decompression melting of a primitive mantle composition could result in the crystallization of all minerals observed. Crystal fractionation of a subalkaline and an alkaline magma is required to form the observed minerals. These results are consistent with the collection of alkaline and subalkaline rocks from Gale as well as clasts from the Martian meteorite Northwest Africa 7034 and paired stones. This new method for constraining magmatic processes will be of significant interest for the Mars 2020 mission, which will also investigate an ancient volcaniclastic‐sedimentary environment and will include a LIBS instrument.
Shifts in Phytoplankton Composition and Stepwise Climate Change During the Middle Miocene
Authors: Henderiks J. , Bartol M. , Pige N. , Karatsolis B.‐Th. , Lougheed B. C.
Published: July 2020

The abundance and composition of modern phytoplankton are primarily related to equator‐to‐pole temperature gradients and global ocean circulation, which in turn determine the availability of nutrients in the photic zone. The nutricline is found at greater depths in warm, tropical waters, whereas more vigorous surface mixing in higher latitudes (seasonally) enhances nutrient availability and primary productivity. Ocean temperatures were ~7°C higher during the middle Miocene Climatic Optimum (MCO; ~16.9–14.7 million years ago, Ma), which was followed by Antarctic glaciation and global cooling during the middle Miocene Climate transition (MMCT; 14.7–13.8 Ma). Four decades ago, Haq (1980, https://doi.org.10.2307/1485353) already related migration patterns of low‐latitude versus high‐latitude calcareous nannoplankton in the Atlantic Ocean to major climatic fluctuations during the Miocene. Here, we detail and discuss the macroevolutionary patterns and processes across the middle Miocene (~16.5–11 Ma) at five deep sea sites on a north‐south transect in the Atlantic Ocean (57°N to 28°S). We show that the major cooling step toward the modern “icehouse” world impacted coccolithophore communities at all latitudes. Contrary to previous observations suggesting that tropical sites showed little change and that midlatitudes were the most sensitive recorders of climate change across the MMCT, we show that all sites recorded a marked diversification and increase in abundance of reticulofenestrids. Global cooling and related increased meridional overturning circulation are implicated as likely forcings for this macroevolutionary step toward establishing modern coccolithophore communities that are dominated by eurythermal and eurytrophic species such as Emiliania huxleyi.
Geostatistical Distribution of Vertical Refractivity Gradient Over Nigeria
Authors: Emmanuel I. , Ojo O. S. , Abe O. E. , Adedayo K. D.
Published: July 2020

Anomalous propagation conditions may cause multipath fading and strong signal enhancement on terrestrial line of sight links or interference on transhorizon paths. In detecting this conditions, spatial distribution of vertical refractivity gradient and ducting index were estimated across Nigeria using atmospheric data obtained from Era5 archive of European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Refractivity and refractivity gradient were calculated from the obtained temperature, relative humidity, and pressure data using International Telecommunication Union (ITU) recommendation expression. Vertical refractivity gradient (VRG) and ducting index (Di) were deducted from refractivity gradient and modified the refractivity gradient. Correlation between vertical refractivity gradient, Di, and latitude were also computed. The result shows that the VRG values range between −5 and −65 N units/km in the Coastal and Guinea Savannah regions, and between −30 and −95 N units/km in the Midland and Sahelian regions. The Di values range between 10 and 60 in the Coastal and Guinea Savannah regions, between −10 and 110 in Midland and Sahelian region. Likewise, superrefraction and ducting are more prominent in the northern part, while superrefraction with minor subrefraction were noticed in the south. The Di performed better than VRG in detecting propagation conditions. Correlation between VRG and latitude ranges between −0.75 and −0.92. Correlation between Di and latitude is between 0.84 and 0.95. The values of VRG decrease northward, while those of the Di increase northward. Both VRG and Di revealed high variability in the dry months than in the wet months.
Correction: Pharmacogenomic associations of adverse drug reactions in asthma: systematic review and research prioritization
Authors: King Charlotte , McKenna Amanda , Farzan Niloufar , Vijverberg Susanne J. , van der Schee Marc P. , Maitland-van der Zee Anke H. , Arianto Lambang , Bisgaard Hans , BØnnelykke Klaus , Berce Vojko , PotoČnik Uros , Repnik Katja , Carleton Bruce , Daley Denise , Chew Fook Tim , Chiang Wen Chin , Sio Yang Yie , Cloutier Michelle M. , Den Dekker Herman T. , Duijts Liesbeth , de Jongste Johan C. , Dijk F. Nicole , Flores Carlos , Hernandez-Pacheco Natalia , Mukhopadhyay Somnath , Basu Kaninika , Tantisira Kelan G. , Verhamme Katia M. , Celedón Juan C. , Forno Erick , Canino Glorisa , Francis Ben , Pirmohamed Munir , Sinha Ian , Hawcutt Daniel B.
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 promotes the growth of breast cancers by altering the phosphoproteome and augmenting EGFR/PI3K/AKT signalling
Authors: Pedroza Diego A. , Rajamanickam Venkatesh , Subramani Ramadevi , Bencomo Alejandra , Galvez Adriana , Lakshmanaswamy Rajkumar
Published: July 2020

Background

Increased expression of the progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) has been linked to multiple cancers, including breast cancer. Despite being a regulatory receptor and a potential therapeutic target, the oncogenic potential of PGRMC1 has not been studied.

Methods

The impact of PGRMC1 on breast cancer growth and progression was studied following chemical inhibition and alteration of PGRMC1 expression, and evaluated by using online-based gene expression datasets of human breast cancer tissue. MTS, flow cytometry, qPCR, Western blotting, confocal microscopy and phosphoproteome analysis were performed.

Results

We observed higher PGRMC1 levels in both ER-positive ZR-75-1 and TNBC MDA-MB-468 cells. Both chemical inhibition and silencing decreased cell proliferation, induced cell-cycle arrest, promoted apoptosis and reduced the migratory and invasive capabilities of ZR-75-1 and MDA-MB-468 cells. Further, phosphoproteome analysis demonstrated an overall decrease in activation of proteins involved in PI3K/AKT/mTOR and EGFR signalling pathways. In contrast, overexpression of PGRMC1 in non-malignant MCF10A cells resulted in increased cell proliferation, and enhanced activity of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and EGFR signalling pathways.

Conclusions

Our data demonstrate that PGRMC1 plays a prominent role in regulating the growth of cancer cells by altering the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and EGFR signalling mechanisms in both ER-positive and TNBC cells.
Therapeutic effects of rapamycin and surgical decompression in a rabbit spinal cord injury model
Authors: Zhang Xin , Qin Chuan , Jing Yingli , Yang Degang , Liu Changbin , Gao Feng , Zhang Chao , Talifu Zuliyaer , Yang Mingliang , Du Liangjie , Li Jianjun
Published: July 2020

Surgical decompression after spinal cord injury (SCI) is a conventional treatment. Although it has been proven to have clinical effects, there are certain limitations, such as the surgical conditions that must be met and the invasive nature of the treatment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a simple and maneuverable therapy for the emergency treatment of patients with SCI before surgery. Rapamycin (RAPA) has been reported to have potential as a therapeutic agent for SCI. In this study, we observed the therapeutic effects of rapamycin and surgical decompression, in combination or separately, on the histopathology in rabbits with SCI. After combination therapy, intramedullary pressure (IMP) decreased significantly, autophagic flux increased, and apoptosis and demyelination were significantly reduced. Compared with RAPA/surgical decompression alone, the combination therapy had a significantly better effect. In addition, we evaluated the effects of mechanical pressure on autophagy after SCI by assessing changes in autophagic initiation, degradation, and flux. Increased IMP after SCI inhibited autophagic degradation and impaired autophagic flux. Decompression improved autophagic flux after SCI. Our findings provide novel evidence of a promising strategy for the treatment of SCI in the future. The combination therapy may effectively improve emergency treatment after SCI and promote the therapeutic effect of decompression. This study also contributes to a better understanding of the effects of mechanical pressure on autophagy after neurotrauma.
Photoactivatable oncolytic adenovirus for optogenetic cancer therapy
Authors: Hagihara Yasuko , Sakamoto Ayaka , Tokuda Takashi , Yamashita Tomoki , Ikemoto Sena , Kimura Ayaka , Haruta Makito , Sasagawa Kiyotaka , Ohta Jun , Takayama Kazuo , Mizuguchi Hiroyuki
Published: July 2020

Virotherapy using oncolytic adenovirus is an effective anticancer strategy. However, the tumor selectivity of oncolytic adenoviruses is not enough high. To develop oncolytic adenovirus with a low risk of off-tumor toxicity, we constructed a photoactivatable oncolytic adenovirus (paOAd). In response to blue light irradiation, the expression of adenoviral E1 genes, which are necessary for adenoviral replication, is induced and replication of this adenovirus occurs. In vitro, efficient lysis of various human cancer cell lines was observed by paOAd infection followed by blue light irradiation. Importantly, there was no off-tumor toxicity unless the cells were irradiated by blue light. In vivo, tumor growth in a subcutaneous tumor model and a mouse model of liver cancer was significantly inhibited by paOAd infection followed by blue light irradiation. In addition, paOAd also showed a therapeutic effect on cancer stem cells. These results suggest that paOAd is useful as a safe and therapeutically effective cancer therapy.
Galectin-3 deficiency in pregnancy increases the risk of fetal growth restriction (FGR) via placental insufficiency
Authors: Freitag Nancy , Tirado-Gonzalez Irene , Barrientos Gabriela , Powell Katie L. , Boehm-Sturm Philipp , Koch Stefan P. , Hecher Kurt , Staff Anne C. , Arck Petra C. , Diemert Anke , Blois Sandra M.
Published: July 2020

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is the most common pregnancy complication in developed countries. Pregnancies affected by FGR, frequently concur with complications and high risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality. To date, no approved treatment is available for pregnant women affected with FGR. The objective of this study was to investigate the contribution of galectin-3 (gal-3), a β-galactoside binding protein involved in pregnancy, placental function and fetal growth. We demonstrated that lack of gal-3 during mouse pregnancy leads to placental dysfunction and drives FGR in the absence of a maternal preeclampsia syndrome. Analysis of gal-3 deficient dams revealed placental inflammation and malperfusion, as well as uterine natural killer cell infiltration with aberrant activation. Our results also show that FGR is associated with a failure to increase maternal circulating gal-3 levels during the second and third trimester in human pregnancies. Placentas from human pregnancies affected by FGR displayed lower gal-3 expression, which correlated with placental dysfunction. These data highlight the importance of gal-3 in the promotion of proper placental function, as its absence leads to placental disease and subsequent FGR.
Bile acids drive the newborn’s gut microbiota maturation
Authors: van Best N. , Rolle-Kampczyk U. , Schaap F. G. , Basic M. , Olde Damink S. W. M. , Bleich A. , Savelkoul P. H. M. , von Bergen M. , Penders J. , Hornef M. W.
Published: July 2020

Following birth, the neonatal intestine is exposed to maternal and environmental bacteria that successively form a dense and highly dynamic intestinal microbiota. Whereas the effect of exogenous factors has been extensively investigated, endogenous, host-mediated mechanisms have remained largely unexplored. Concomitantly with microbial colonization, the liver undergoes functional transition from a hematopoietic organ to a central organ of metabolic regulation and immune surveillance. The aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of the developing hepatic function and liver metabolism on the early intestinal microbiota. Here, we report on the characterization of the colonization dynamics and liver metabolism in the murine gastrointestinal tract (n = 6–10 per age group) using metabolomic and microbial profiling in combination with multivariate analysis. We observed major age-dependent microbial and metabolic changes and identified bile acids as potent drivers of the early intestinal microbiota maturation. Consistently, oral administration of tauro-cholic acid or β-tauro-murocholic acid to newborn mice (n = 7–14 per group) accelerated postnatal microbiota maturation.
Zeta Inhibitory Peptide attenuates learning and memory by inducing NO-mediated downregulation of AMPA receptors
Authors: Bingor Alexey , Haham Tomer , Thornton Claire , Stern-Bach Yael , Yaka Rami
Published: July 2020

Zeta inhibitory peptide (ZIP), a PKMζ inhibitor, is widely used to interfere with the maintenance of acquired memories. ZIP is able to erase memory even in the absence of PKMζ, via an unknown mechanism. We found that ZIP induces redistribution of the AMPARGluA1 in HEK293 cells and primary cortical neurons, and decreases AMPAR-mediated currents in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). These effects were mimicked by free arginine or by a modified ZIP in which all but the arginine residues were replaced by alanine. Redistribution was blocked by a peptidase-resistant version of ZIP and by treatment with the nitric oxide (NO)-synthase inhibitor L-NAME. ZIP increased GluA1-S831 phosphorylation and ZIP-induced redistribution was blocked by nitrosyl-mutant GluA1-C875S or serine-mutant GluA1-S831A. Introducing the cleavable arginine-alanine peptide into the NAc attenuated expression of cocaine-conditioned reward. Together, these results suggest that ZIP may act as an arginine donor, facilitating NO-dependent downregulation of AMPARs, thereby attenuating learning and memory.
Gasdermin-D-dependent IL-1α release from microglia promotes protective immunity during chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection
Authors: Batista Samantha J. , Still Katherine M. , Johanson David , Thompson Jeremy A. , OʼBrien Carleigh A. , Lukens John R. , Harris Tajie H.
Published: July 2020

Microglia, resident immune cells of the CNS, are thought to defend against infections.Toxoplasma gondiiis an opportunistic infection that can cause severe neurological disease. Here we report that duringT. gondiiinfection a strong NF-κB and inflammatory cytokine transcriptional signature is overrepresented in blood-derived macrophages versus microglia. Interestingly, IL-1α is enriched in microglia and IL-1β in macrophages. We find that mice lacking IL-1R1 or IL-1α, but not IL-1β, have impaired parasite control and immune cell infiltration within the brain. Further, we show that microglia, not peripheral myeloid cells, release IL-1α ex vivo. Finally, we show that ex vivo IL-1α release is gasdermin-D dependent, and that gasdermin-D and caspase-1/11 deficient mice show deficits in brain inflammation and parasite control. These results demonstrate that microglia and macrophages are differently equipped to propagate inflammation, and that in chronicT. gondiiinfection, microglia can release the alarmin IL-1α, promoting neuroinflammation and parasite control.
Enhanced multi-carbon alcohol electroproduction from CO via modulated hydrogen adsorption
Authors: Li Jun , Xu Aoni , Li Fengwang , Wang Ziyun , Zou Chengqin , Gabardo Christine M. , Wang Yuhang , Ozden Adnan , Xu Yi , Nam Dae-Hyun , Lum Yanwei , Wicks Joshua , Chen Bin , Wang Zhiqiang , Chen Jiatang , Wen Yunzhou , Zhuang Taotao , Luo Mingchuan , Du Xiwen , Sham Tsun-Kong , Zhang Bo , Sargent Edward H. , Sinton David
Published: July 2020

Multi-carbon alcohols such as ethanol are valued as fuels in view of their high energy density and ready transport. Unfortunately, the selectivity toward alcohols in CO2/CO electroreduction is diminished by ethylene production, especially when operating at high current densities (>100 mA cm−2). Here we report a metal doping approach to tune the adsorption of hydrogen at the copper surface and thereby promote alcohol production. Using density functional theory calculations, we screen a suite of transition metal dopants and find that incorporating Pd in Cu moderates hydrogen adsorption and assists the hydrogenation of C2 intermediates, providing a means to favour alcohol production and suppress ethylene. We synthesize a Pd-doped Cu catalyst that achieves a Faradaic efficiency of 40% toward alcohols and a partial current density of 277 mA cm−2 from CO electroreduction. The activity exceeds that of prior reports by a factor of 2.
Breaking the trade-off between fast control and long lifetime of a superconducting qubit
Authors: Kono S. , Koshino K. , Lachance-Quirion D. , van Loo A. F. , Tabuchi Y. , Noguchi A. , Nakamura Y.
Published: July 2020

The rapid development in designs and fabrication techniques of superconducting qubits has made coherence times of qubits longer. In the future, however, the radiative decay of a qubit into its control line will be a fundamental limitation, imposing a trade-off between fast control and long lifetime of the qubit. Here, we break this trade-off by strongly coupling another superconducting qubit along the control line. This second qubit, which we call “Josephson quantum filter” (JQF), prevents the first qubit from emitting microwave photons and thus suppresses its relaxation, while transmitting large-amplitude control microwave pulses due to the saturation of the quantum filter, enabling fast qubit control. This device functions as an automatic decoupler between a qubit and its control line and could help in the realization of a large-scale superconducting quantum processor by reducing the heating of the qubit environment and the crosstalk between qubits.
Fast growth of large-grain and continuous MoS2 films through a self-capping vapor-liquid-solid method
Authors: Chang Ming-Chiang , Ho Po-Hsun , Tseng Mao-Feng , Lin Fang-Yuan , Hou Cheng-Hung , Lin I-Kuan , Wang Hsin , Huang Pin-Pin , Chiang Chun-Hao , Yang Yueh-Chiang , Wang I-Ta , Du He-Yun , Wen Cheng-Yen , Shyue Jing-Jong , Chen Chun-Wei , Chen Kuei-Hsien , Chiu Po-Wen , Chen Li-Chyong
Published: July 2020

Most chemical vapor deposition methods for transition metal dichalcogenides use an extremely small amount of precursor to render large single-crystal flakes, which usually causes low coverage of the materials on the substrate. In this study, a self-capping vapor-liquid-solid reaction is proposed to fabricate large-grain, continuous MoS2 films. An intermediate liquid phase-Na2Mo2O7 is formed through a eutectic reaction of MoO3 and NaF, followed by being sulfurized into MoS2. The as-formed MoS2 seeds function as a capping layer that reduces the nucleation density and promotes lateral growth. By tuning the driving force of the reaction, large mono/bilayer (1.1 mm/200 μm) flakes or full-coverage films (with a record-high average grain size of 450 μm) can be grown on centimeter-scale substrates. The field-effect transistors fabricated from the full-coverage films show high mobility (33 and 49 cm2 V−1 s−1 for the mono and bilayer regions) and on/off ratio (1 ~ 5 × 108) across a 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm region.
An active mechanical Willis meta-layer with asymmetric polarizabilities
Authors: Chen Yangyang , Li Xiaopeng , Hu Gengkai , Haberman Michael R. , Huang Guoliang
Published: July 2020

Willis materials exhibit macroscopic cross-coupling between particle velocity and stress as well as momentum and strain. However, Willis coupling coefficients designed so far are intrinsically coupled, which inhibits their full implementation in structural dynamic applications. This work presents a means to eliminate these limitations by introducing an active scatterer in a mechanical meta-layer that exploits piezoelectric sensor–actuator pairs controlled by digital circuits. We experimentally demonstrate abilities of the Willis meta-layer, in beams and plates, for independently engineering transmission and reflection coefficients of flexural waves in both amplitude and phase and nonreciprocal wave propagations. The meta-layer is described by a flexural wave polarizability tensor, which captures independent higher-order symmetric-to-symmetric and symmetric-to-antisymmetric couplings. The active meta-layer is adaptive in real time for reconfigurable broadband operation thanks to its programmability. This work sheds a new light on unsurpassed control of elastic waves, ranging from vibration protections to ultrasonic sensing and evaluation of engineering structures.
Structural mechanism for gating of a eukaryotic mechanosensitive channel of small conductance
Authors: Deng Zengqin , Maksaev Grigory , Schlegel Angela M. , Zhang Jingying , Rau Michael , Fitzpatrick James A. J. , Haswell Elizabeth S. , Yuan Peng
Published: July 2020

Mechanosensitive ion channels transduce physical force into electrochemical signaling that underlies an array of fundamental physiological processes, including hearing, touch, proprioception, osmoregulation, and morphogenesis. The mechanosensitive channels of small conductance (MscS) constitute a remarkably diverse superfamily of channels critical for management of osmotic pressure. Here, we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of a MscS homolog from Arabidopsis thaliana, MSL1, presumably in both the closed and open states. The heptameric MSL1 channel contains an unusual bowl-shaped transmembrane region, which is reminiscent of the evolutionarily and architecturally unrelated mechanosensitive Piezo channels. Upon channel opening, the curved transmembrane domain of MSL1 flattens and expands. Our structures, in combination with functional analyses, delineate a structural mechanism by which mechanosensitive channels open under increased membrane tension. Further, the shared structural feature between unrelated channels suggests the possibility of a unified mechanical gating mechanism stemming from membrane deformation induced by a non-planar transmembrane domain.
Author Correction: Analysis of human metabolism by reducing the complexity of the genome-scale models using redHUMAN
Authors: Masid Maria , Ataman Meric , Hatzimanikatis Vassily
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
High-resolution monthly precipitation and temperature time series from 2006 to 2100
Authors: Karger Dirk Nikolaus , Schmatz Dirk R. , Dettling Gabriel , Zimmermann Niklaus E.
Published: July 2020

Predicting future climatic conditions at high spatial resolution is essential for many applications and impact studies in science. Here, we present monthly time series data on precipitation, minimum- and maximum temperature for four downscaled global circulation models. We used model output statistics in combination with mechanistic downscaling (the CHELSA algorithm) to calculate mean monthly maximum and minimum temperatures, as well as monthly precipitation at ~5 km spatial resolution globally for the years 2006–2100. We validated the performance of the downscaling algorithm by comparing model output with the observed climate of the historical period 1950–1969.
Identification of cell types from single cell data using stable clustering
Authors: Peyvandipour Azam , Shafi Adib , Saberian Nafiseh , Draghici Sorin
Published: July 2020

Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNASeq) has become a powerful technique for measuring the transcriptome of individual cells. Unlike the bulk measurements that average the gene expressions over the individual cells, gene measurements at individual cells can be used to study several different tissues and organs at different stages. Identifying the cell types present in the sample from the single cell transcriptome data is a common goal in many single-cell experiments. Several methods have been developed to do this. However, correctly identifying the true cell types remains a challenge. We present a framework that addresses this problem. Our hypothesis is that the meaningful characteristics of the data will remain despite small perturbations of data. We validate the performance of the proposed method on eight publicly available scRNA-seq datasets with known cell types as well as five simulation datasets with different degrees of the cluster separability. We compare the proposed method with five other existing methods: RaceID, SNN-Cliq, SINCERA, SEURAT, and SC3. The results show that the proposed method performs better than the existing methods.
Sub-half-cycle field transients from shock-wave-assisted soliton self-compression
Authors: Voronin A. A. , Zheltikov A. M.
Published: July 2020

We identify an unusual regime of ultrafast nonlinear dynamics in which an optical shock wave couples to soliton self-compression, steepening the tail of the pulse, thus yielding self-compressing soliton transients as short as the field sub-half-cycle. We demonstrate that this extreme pulse self-compression scenario can help generate sub-half-cycle mid-infrared pulses in a broad class of anomalously dispersive optical waveguide systems.