bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detailed lipid investigation of edible seaweeds by photochemical derivatization and untargeted lipidomics
Authors: Montone Carmela Maria , Cavaliere Chiara , Cerrato Andrea , Laganà Aldo , Piovesana Susy , Taglioni Enrico , Capriotti Anna Laura
Published: October 2024

Seaweeds are macrophytic algae that have been gaining interest as alternative healthy foods, renewable drug sources, and climate change mitigation agents. In terms of their nutritional value, seaweeds are renowned for their high content of biologically active polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, little is known about the regiochemistry—the geometry and position of carbon–carbon double bonds—of free and conjugated fatty acids in seaweeds. In the present work, a detailed characterization of the seaweed lipidome was achieved based on untargeted HRMS-based analysis and lipid derivatization with a photochemical aza-Paternò–Büchi reaction. A triple-data processing strategy was carried out to achieve high structural detail on the seaweed lipidome, i.e., (i) a first data processing workflow with all samples for aligning peak and statistical analysis that led to the definition of lipid sum compositions (e.g., phosphatidylglycerol (PG) 34:1), (ii) a second data processing workflow in which the samples of each seaweed were processed separately to annotate molecular lipids with known fatty acyl isomerism (e.g., PG 16:0_18:1), and (iii) the annotation of lipid regioisomers following MS/MS annotation of the lipid derivatives obtained following the aza-Paternò–Büchi reaction (e.g., PG 16:0_18:1 ω-9). Once the platform was set up, the lipid extracts from 8 seaweed species from different seaweed families were characterized, describing over 900 different lipid species, and information on the regiochemistry of carbon–carbon double bonds uncovered unknown peculiarities of seaweeds belonging to different families. The overall analytical approach helped to fill a gap in the knowledge of the nutritional composition of seaweeds.

Graphical Abstract
Neuronal BAG3 attenuates tau hyperphosphorylation, synaptic dysfunction, and cognitive deficits induced by traumatic brain injury via the regulation of autophagy-lysosome pathway
Authors: Sweeney Nicholas , Kim Tae Yeon , Morrison Cody T. , Li Liangping , Acosta Diana , Liang Jiawen , Datla Nithin V. , Fitzgerald Julie A. , Huang Haoran , Liu Xianglan , Tan Gregory Huang , Wu Min , Karelina Kate , Bray Chelsea E. , Weil Zachary M. , Scharre Douglas W. , Serrano Geidy E. , Saito Takashi , Saido Takaomi C. , Beach Thomas G. , Kokiko-Cochran Olga N. , Godbout Jonathan P. , Johnson Gail V. W. , Fu Hongjun
Published: October 2024

Growing evidence supports that early- or middle-life traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a risk factor for developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and AD-related dementia (ADRD). Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying TBI-induced AD-like pathology and cognitive deficits remain unclear. In this study, we found that a single TBI (induced by controlled cortical impact) reduced the expression of BCL2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) in neurons and oligodendrocytes, which is associated with decreased proteins related to the autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP) and increased hyperphosphorylated tau (ptau) accumulation in excitatory neurons and oligodendrocytes, gliosis, synaptic dysfunction, and cognitive deficits in wild-type (WT) and human tau knock-in (hTKI) mice. These pathological changes were also found in human cases with a TBI history and exaggerated in human AD cases with TBI. The knockdown of BAG3 significantly inhibited autophagic flux, while overexpression of BAG3 significantly increased it in vitro. Specific overexpression of neuronal BAG3 in the hippocampus attenuated AD-like pathology and cognitive deficits induced by TBI in hTKI mice, which is associated with increased ALP-related proteins. Our data suggest that targeting neuronal BAG3 may be a therapeutic strategy for preventing or reducing AD-like pathology and cognitive deficits induced by TBI.
Prevention of perioperative venous thromboembolic complications using pneumatic compression cuffs in oral cancer patients in maxillofacial surgery
Authors: Römer P. , Krüger M. , Al-Nawas B. , Kämmerer P. W. , Heider J.
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is still considered to be a significant medical issue. Physical measures to prevent perioperative venous thrombosis include early mobilization and intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether IPC can reduce the incidence of postoperative thromboembolic events in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) undergoing maxillofacial surgery.

Materials and methods

Between March 2020 and May 2021, 75 patients with OSCC who did not receive perioperative prophylaxis using IPC were retrospectively examined to determine the occurrence of postoperative thromboembolism. Accordingly, 79 patients who received perioperative thrombosis prophylaxis using an IPC system as part of surgical tumor therapy from May 2021 to September 2023 were included in the study. The primary outcome measure was the occurrence of postoperative thromboembolism.

Results

In the control group without IPC, thromboembolic events were observed in five out of 75 patients during postoperative hospitalization. In the intervention group, no thromboembolic occurrences were identified among the 79 patients studied (p = 0.02). The mean Caprini score in the control group was 7.72, whereas in the intervention group it averaged 8.30 (p = 0.027).

Conclusions

The implementation of IPC-devices as supplementary perioperative thrombosis prophylaxis resulted in a notable decrease in postoperative venous thromboembolism (Number Needed to Treat = 15), which is why implementation of the system as a regular part of the clinical routine for perioperative management of OSCC patients can be considered a sensible approach.

Clinical relevance

The use of IPC enhances patient outcomes and may lead to improved postoperative care protocols in this high-risk patient population.
Experimental investigation on the moisture movement behavior of granites
Authors: Nazerigivi Amin , Ghiassi Bahman , Dionísio Amélia , Vasconcelos Graça
Published: October 2024

This study comprehensively investigates the hygric performance of two commonly used types of granite in masonry, each characterized by distinct porosity levels. A series of experimental tests, including capillary absorption, one-dimensional drying, cup methods, vacuum saturation, sorption/desorption isotherms, mercury intrusion porosimetry, and ultrasonic pulse velocity, was conducted in different directions and by using both pure water and NaCl solutions. The results highlight pronounced anisotropy in the granite’s hygric response, with significant directional differences in liquid and vapor moisture movement, as well as ultrasonic wave propagation. Granite with lower porosity and a finer pore structure exhibited hysteresis effects and more pronounced hygroscopic behavior, while granite with higher porosity showed greater capillary activity. The presence of salt crystals within the pore network significantly influences vapor and liquid transport properties, porosity, and moisture storage capacity. The gradual formation of sodium chloride crystals on drying surfaces noticeably altered drying kinetics, influenced by salt concentration and pore characteristics. These findings provide valuable insights into the hygric properties of granite, essential for understanding its durability and informing moisture transfer numerical models.
A survey of telehealth and its role in orthopaedic trauma during and after COVID-19
Authors: Gammel Juliette , Rivas Gabriella , Horn Ryan , Munford James , Reid Kristoff , Hartsock Langdon
Published: October 2024

Aim

The COVID-19 pandemic stimulated an exponential increase in the utilization of telemedicine. Its incorporation into medicine has varied widely according to provider and specialty. This study aims to better determine telehealth utilization among orthopaedic trauma surgeons, their perceptions of how it has affected their practice, and how they envision telehealth as a part of their practice moving forward.

Subject and methods

A survey was drafted to encompass relevant issues pertaining to orthopaedic trauma and to better understand how orthopedic trauma surgeons integrate telemedicine into their practice. This survey was conducted through the Orthopedic Trauma Association.

Results

Survey results demonstrated increased utilization of telemedicine in a variety of modes (post-op visits, general follow-up, minor wound check, etc.) among orthopaedic trauma surgeons since the COVID-19 pandemic. A majority of surgeons reported no age difference nor change in patient population and load, but reported an increase in out-of-town patient visits. Concerns were expressed regarding providing the best patient care through telemedicine. Surgeons find it difficult to discuss and review diagnostic tests and are occasionally interrupted by technological difficulties. A number of surgeons expressed increased efficiency when using telehealth medicine. There is a general consensus that telemedicine in orthopedic trauma would be better utilized for a specific subset of patients.

Conclusion

Orthopaedic trauma surgeons acknowledge the likelihood of increased telehealth visits and that telemedicine utilization will increase in the near future. Despite the pandemic serving as an impetus for increased telehealth utilization, concern still exists regarding its generalizability and ability to provide quality patient care at all times.

Level of Evidence: Four (IV).
Palmyra: At the Crossroads of the Ancient World
Authors: Raja Rubina , Seland Eivind Heldaas
Published: October 2024

The Syrian oasis city Tadmor, better known as Palmyra, has received by far the most attention within scholarship on the Roman Near East over recent decades. New evidence and recent research allow us to better understand many aspects of Palmyra on its own terms, but it also has highlighted the lack of synthetically published data from Palmyra itself and from broader comparative settings. In this review article, we discuss the contributions of recent research on urban development, material culture, religion, environment, economy, identity, and heritage in Palmyra, as well as the implications for our understanding of wider dynamics in the Roman Near East and beyond.
Minimizing the maximum lateness for scheduling with release times and job rejection
Authors: Kacem Imed , Kellerer Hans
Published: October 2024

We study scheduling problems with release times and rejection costs with the objective function of minimizing the maximum lateness. Our main result is a PTAS for the single machine problem with an upper bound on the rejection costs. This result is extended to parallel, identical machines. The corresponding problem of minimizing the rejection costs with an upper bound on the lateness is also examined. We show how to compute a PTAS for determining an approximation of the Pareto frontier on both objective functions on parallel, identical machines. Moreover, we present an FPTAS with strongly polynomial time for the maximum lateness problem without release times on identical machines when the number of machines is constant. Finally, we extend this FPTAS to the case of unrelated machines.
Identification and epidemiological analysis of a putative novel hantavirus in Australian flying foxes
Authors: Smith Craig S. , Underwood Darren J. , Gordon Anita , Pyne Michael J. , Smyth Anna , Genge Benjamin , Driver Luke , Mayer David G. , Oakey Jane
Published: October 2024

In July 2017, an investigation into the cause of neurological signs in a black flying fox (Pteropus alecto, family Pteropodidae) identified a putative novel hantavirus (Robina virus, ROBV, order Bunyavirales, family Hantaviridae, genus Mobatvirus) in its brain. Analysis of the evolutionary relationship between other hantaviruses using maximum-likelihood, a systematic Bayesian clustering approach, and a minimum spanning tree, all suggest that ROBV is most closely related to another Mobatvirus, Quezon virus, previously identified in the lung of a Philippine frugivorous bat (Rousettus amplexicaudatus, also family Pteropodidae). Subsequently, between March 2018 and October 2023, a total of 495 bats were opportunistically screened for ROBV with an experimental qRT-PCR. The total prevalence of ROBV RNA detected in Pteropus spp. was 4.2% (95% CI 2.8–6.4%). Binomial modelling identified that there was substantial evidence supporting an increase (P = 0.033) in the detection of ROBV RNA in bats in 2019 and 2020 suggesting of a possible transient epidemic. There was also moderate evidence to support the effect of season (P = 0.064), with peak detection in the cooler seasons, autumn, and winter, possibly driven by physiological and ecological factors similar to those already identified for other bat-borne viruses. This is Australia’s first reported putative hantavirus and its identification could expand the southern known range of hantaviruses in Australasia.
Toward multimodal learning analytics in simulation-based collaborative learning: A design ethnography of maritime training
Authors: Sellberg Charlott , Sharma Amit
Published: October 2024

Collaborative learning in high-fidelity simulators is an important part of how master mariner students are preparing for their future career at sea by becoming part of a ship’s bridge team. This study aims to inform the design of multimodal learning analytics to be used for providing automated feedback to master mariner students engaged in collaborative learning activities in high-fidelity navigation simulators. Through a design ethnographic approach, we analyze video records of everyday training practices at a simulator center in Scandinavia, exploring (a) how feedback is delivered to students during collaborative activities in full-mission simulators and (b) which sensors are needed and why they are needed for capturing the multimodal nature of professional performance, communication, and collaboration in simulation-based collaborative learning. Our detailed analysis of two episodes from the data corpus shows how the delivery of feedback during simulations consists of recurring, multidimensional, and multimodal feedback cycles, comprising instructors’ close monitoring of student’s actions to continuously assess the fit between the learning objectives and the ongoing task. Through these embedded assessments, feedback that draws on the rich semiotic resources of the simulated environment, while considering aspects of realism and authenticity, is provided. Considering the multidimensional and multimodal nature of feedback in professional learning contexts, we identify technologies and sensors needed for capturing professional performance in simulated environments.
The Presentation of Brain-computer Interfaces As Autonomy-enhancing Therapy Products
Authors: Garbe Toni
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the societal and individual acceptance of technologies for the human body, focusing on brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), particularly Elon Musk's Neuralink. BCIs promise a direct connection between the brain and computers. Their acceptance depends on general aspects such as feasibility and usefulness. In the case of brain implants, they should also not jeopardize the user's autonomy or have a dehumanizing effect. In the case of innovative technologies that are still in development, such as BCIs, acceptance depends largely on their public relation presentation. The article uses the case of Neuralink to analyze how new technologies for human bodies, and specifically BCIs, are presented as acceptable technologies. Analyzing Neuralink's public relations communication, the study reveals how the company constructs a vision of a plausible and desirable future, countering skepticism often associated with science fiction tropes. The article emphasizes the relevance of the categorization of BCIs and shows how the presentation of BCI as an autonomy-enhancing therapy product can positively influence the acceptability of the technology. By addressing key topics of ethical discourse, such as autonomy and identity, Neuralink attempts to create social acceptance for its innovative but controversial BCI technology. The results contribute to the understanding of the complicated dynamics between technological development, public relations, and societal values.
Assessing the feasibility of ChatGPT-4o and Claude 3-Opus in thyroid nodule classification based on ultrasound images
Authors: Chen Ziman , Chambara Nonhlanhla , Wu Chaoqun , Lo Xina , Liu Shirley Yuk Wah , Gunda Simon Takadiyi , Han Xinyang , Qu Jingguo , Chen Fei , Ying Michael Tin Cheung
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Large language models (LLMs) are pivotal in artificial intelligence, demonstrating advanced capabilities in natural language understanding and multimodal interactions, with significant potential in medical applications. This study explores the feasibility and efficacy of LLMs, specifically ChatGPT-4o and Claude 3-Opus, in classifying thyroid nodules using ultrasound images.

Methods

This study included 112 patients with a total of 116 thyroid nodules, comprising 75 benign and 41 malignant cases. Ultrasound images of these nodules were analyzed using ChatGPT-4o and Claude 3-Opus to diagnose the benign or malignant nature of the nodules. An independent evaluation by a junior radiologist was also conducted. Diagnostic performance was assessed using Cohen’s Kappa and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, referencing pathological diagnoses.

Results

ChatGPT-4o demonstrated poor agreement with pathological results (Kappa = 0.116), while Claude 3-Opus showed even lower agreement (Kappa = 0.034). The junior radiologist exhibited moderate agreement (Kappa = 0.450). ChatGPT-4o achieved an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 57.0% (95% CI: 48.6–65.5%), slightly outperforming Claude 3-Opus (AUC of 52.0%, 95% CI: 43.2–60.9%). In contrast, the junior radiologist achieved a significantly higher AUC of 72.4% (95% CI: 63.7–81.1%). The unnecessary biopsy rates were 41.4% for ChatGPT-4o, 43.1% for Claude 3-Opus, and 12.1% for the junior radiologist.

Conclusion

While LLMs such as ChatGPT-4o and Claude 3-Opus show promise for future applications in medical imaging, their current use in clinical diagnostics should be approached cautiously due to their limited accuracy.
Oscillatory DeltaC Expression in Neural Progenitors Primes the Prototype of Forebrain Development
Authors: Nian Fang-Shin , Liao Bo-Kai , Su Yen-Lin , Wu Pei-Rong , Tsai Jin-Wu , Hou Pei-Shan
Published: October 2024

Notch signaling plays a pivotal role in regulating various developmental processes, particularly in controlling the timing of neuronal production within the developing neocortex. Central to this regulatory mechanism is the oscillatory pattern of Delta, which functions as a developmental clock modulator. Its deficiency profoundly impairs mammalian brain formation, highlighting its fundamental role in brain development. However, zebrafish carrying a mutation in the functional ortholog DeltaC (dlc) within their functional ortholog exhibit an intact forebrain structure, implying evolutionary variations in Notch signaling within the forebrain. In this study, we unveil the distinct yet analogous expression profiles of Delta and Her genes in the developing vertebrate forebrain. Specifically, for the first time, we detected the oscillatory expression of the Delta gene dlc in the developing zebrafish forebrain. Although this oscillatory pattern appeared irregular and was not pervasive among the progenitor population, attenuation of the dlc-involved Notch pathway using a γ-secretase inhibitor impaired neuronal differentiation in the developing zebrafish forebrain, revealing the indispensable role of the dlc-involved Notch pathway in regulating early zebrafish neurogenesis. Taken together, our results demonstrate the foundational prototype of dlc-involved Notch signaling in the developing zebrafish forebrains, upon which the intricate patterns of the mammalian neocortex may have been sculpted.
Evaluation of the Sources of Sexual Knowledge and Information among Men in Kenya
Authors: Ndasi Darlene Mwende , Adusei-Asante Kwadwo , Van Ha Anh Vo , Grobbelaar Madalena , Nunfam Victor Fannam
Published: October 2024

Sources of sexual knowledge and information among men have impact on quality of their sexual literacy and decision making. Sexual knowledge impacts on sexual attitudes, which underpin sexual behaviours and in turn impacts the sexual health outcomes of men. A cross-sectional quantitative survey was used to assess the sources of sexual knowledge and information among 484 Kenyan adult men aged 18–54. Data analysis was performed with STATA-16. Results showed that 79% of men learned about sex from school-based sex education, 75% and 72% from peers and mass media respectively while healthcare professionals (35%) and parents (28%) had the lowest influence on sexual knowledge and information. Understanding men’s sources of sexual knowledge and information that informs their sexual decision making can influence sexuality education planning and sexological practice policies targeted to out of school youths and older men. Hence, appraising formal peer educator’s knowledge could provide transformative sexual and reproductive health support services to men.
Exploring trait differences in neurofeedback learners: a single-session sham-controlled pilot study
Authors: Tipple Celeste , White David , Ciorciari Joseph
Published: October 2024

Neurofeedback (NF) is a form of biofeedback that involves individuals monitoring and shifting brain activity towards a desired direction. The objective of this study was to investigate whether there are differences between NF learners and non-learners on psychometric traits such as the NEO PI-R personality factors, self-regulation questionnaire (SRQ) and the need for cognition scale (NFC). A total of 34 participants were randomly allocated to a single-blind randomised sham-controlled protocol 3-arm study of single-session theta NF. Twelve participants were administered a spatially defined frontal-midline theta (FM-theta) group, 11 to a functionally defined medial temporal/parietal lobe (MTL-theta) group and 11 allocated to a yoked sham NF group. The baseline session included screening of participants, trait-based behavioural measures (SRQ, NFC and NEO PI-R) and the completion of cognitive tasks with electroencephalography (EEG) recording to determine individualised peak theta activity for NF training. NF learners and non-learners were evaluated using changes in absolute theta power and the percentage of time spent above threshold using Spearman’s correlation coefficient from a total of 30-minutes of NF exposure. Significant differences in psychometric traits between NF learners and non-learners differed depending on learning metrics. Results indicated that NF learners reported higher SRQ total scores, SRQ decision making, SRQ goal setting subfactors and NEO PI-R conscientiousness, but were significantly lower in NEO PI-R extraversion compared to non-learners. This study demonstrates that learning outcomes vary based on the metrics used and emphasises the importance of selecting appropriate learning metrics and further examination of learning within sham NF training.
Darstellung von Meissner-Körperchen mit nicht-invasivem in vivo-Imaging
Authors: Infante Victor Hugo Pacagnelli , Bennewitz Roland , Meinke Martina C.
Published: October 2024

The presence of mechanoreceptors in glabrous skin allows humans to discriminate textures by touch. Their quantification as clinical markers by biopsy is an invasive method of diagnosis. We report the localization and quantification of Meissner corpuscles using in vivo, non-invasive optical microscopy techniques. We discovered that regions containing Meissner corpuscles could be easily identified by laser scanning microscopy (LSM) with an enhanced optical reflectance above the corpuscles, caused by a protrusion of the strongly reflecting epidermis into the Stratum corneum with its weak reflectance.
Struktureinblicke in die kotranslationale Qualitätskontrolle in Bakterien
Authors: Filbeck Sebastian , Pfeffer Stefan
Published: October 2024

Translational quality control pathways counteract aberrant translation processes, such as ribosome stalling, and are key steps in maintaining a functional proteome. Recent cryo-electron microscopy and biochemical data provided valuable structural and mechanistic insights into hallmark steps of bacterial translational quality control, explaining how ribosome stalling is sensed and resolved.
Live-Cell-Imaging-Analysen mit Crumbs2-Varianten
Authors: Möller-Kerutt Annika , Weide Thomas
Published: October 2024

Crumbs2 (CRB2) is a novel, less-studied key component of the renal filtration barrier and part of the slit diaphragm formed by podocytes. Some CRB2 variants have been linked to inherited forms of proteinuric diseases from childhood. However, the pathogenic potential of many CRB2 variants is still unknown. Here we report the development of a simple but robust live-cell imaging-based system, allowing a first evaluation about the pathogenic potential of novel CRB2 variants.
Anwendung von Sulfatasen zur Modifikation und Biokonversion von Carrageenen
Authors: Fuchs Alexander , Sieber Volker
Published: October 2024

Marine biomass is a sustainable source of valuable products, with the highly sulfated polysaccharide carrageenan being of particular interest to various industries. Novel carrageenans with modified sulfation patterns and carrageenan-based molecules hold promising potential in food, cosmetics, and biotechnology. Here, we describe the identification and application of novel sulfatases to tailor and break down this class of polysaccharides, enabling the manufacture of value-added products.
Eschentriebsterben eindämmen durch Mikrobiom-Optimierung?
Authors: Langer Gitta J. , Langer Ewald , Ulrich Andreas , Schulz Barbara , Steinert Michael
Published: October 2024

‘FraxForFuture’ was an interdisciplinary project to study the devastating effects of ash dieback on the host, to characterize the associated ash microbiome, and to develop non-chemical and biological control strategies to combat the pathogen, Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. Bacteria and fungi as well as fungal secondary metabolites were identified, which have an antagonistic effect against the ash dieback pathogen or can be used for microbiome optimisation. Results, conclusions, and an outlook are presented.
Neighborhood effects and consequences of criminal justice contact: a research framework
Authors: Wu Ling , Li Na
Published: October 2024

This paper proposes a framework to examine how neighborhood factors influence criminal justice (CJ) contact and contribute to disparities across multiple stages of the justice process. By conceptualizing the punishment process as a dynamic set of decision-making points, this study highlights the role of neighborhood context in shaping offenders’ CJ trajectories and post-CJ residential inequality. Using Harris County, Texas, as a case study, this research considers individual-, neighborhood-, and event-level variables to understand the cumulative effects of neighborhood characteristics on CJ outcomes. This study underscores the critical need to investigate neighborhood mobility and its broader implications for community development and public policy. The findings can be supported by extensive data from the Federal Statistical Research Data Centers and the Criminal Justice Administrative Records System, offering a robust analysis of offenders’ spatial patterns and economic transitions.
When and where can coastal wetland restoration increase carbon sequestration as a natural climate solution?
Authors: Jones Scott F. , Arias-Ortiz Ariane , Baldocchi Dennis , Eagle Meagan , Friess Daniel A. , Gore Catrina , Noe Greg , Nolte Stefanie , Oikawa Patty , Paytan Adina , Raw Jacqueline L. , Roberts Brian J. , Rogers Kerrylee , Schutte Charles , Stagg Camille L. , Thorne Karen M. , Ward Eric J. , Windham-Myers Lisamarie , Yando Erik S.
Published: October 2024

Coastal wetlands are hotspots of carbon sequestration, and their conservation and restoration can help to mitigate climate change. However, there remains uncertainty on when and where coastal wetland restoration can most effectively act as natural climate solutions (NCS). Here, we synthesize current understanding to illustrate the requirements for coastal wetland restoration to benefit climate, and discuss potential paths forward that address key uncertainties impeding implementation. To be effective as NCS, coastal wetland restoration projects will accrue climate cooling benefits that would not occur without management action (additionality), will be implementable (feasibility) and will persist over management-relevant timeframes (permanence). Several issues add uncertainty to understanding if these minimum requirements are met. First, coastal wetlands serve as both a landscape source and sink of carbon for other habitats, increasing uncertainty in additionality. Second, coastal wetlands can potentially migrate outside of project footprints as they respond to sea-level rise, increasing uncertainty in permanence. To address these first two issues, a system-wide approach may be necessary, rather than basing cooling benefits only on changes that occur within project boundaries. Third, the need for NCS to function over management-relevant decadal timescales means methane responses may be necessary to include in coastal wetland restoration planning and monitoring. Finally, there is uncertainty on how much data are required to justify restoration action. We summarize the minimum data required to make a binary decision on whether there is a net cooling benefit from a management action, noting that these data are more readily available than the data required to quantify the magnitude of cooling benefits for carbon crediting purposes. By reducing uncertainty, coastal wetland restoration can be implemented at the scale required to significantly contribute to addressing the current climate crisis.
The 2024 Richardson Lecture: Prosopagnosia – A Classic Neurologic Deficit Meets the Modern Era
Authors: Barton Jason J.S.
Published: October 2024

Acquired prosopagnosia is a rare disorder, but it serves as a model for impairments in expert-level visual processing. This review discusses five key observations made over the past 30 years. First, there are variants, an apperceptive type linked to damage to the inferior occipitotemporal cortex and an amnestic type associated with anterior temporal lesions, both either right or bilateral. Second, these variants are clustered in syndromes with other perceptual deficits, the apperceptive type with field defects, dyschromatopsia and topographagnosia, and the amnestic type with topographagnosia and the auditory disorders of phonagnosia and acquired amusia. Third, extensive testing often shows additional problems with recognizing exemplars of other objects, especially when degrees of expertise are taken into account. Fourth, the prosopagnosic impairment does not affect all facial information. For example, the perception of expression and lip-reading likely depends on other neural substrates than those for processing facial identity. Last, face perception in prosopagnosia is not immutable but can improve with extensive training, though as yet this does not represent a cure for the condition. Continuing work with neural networks and animal models will enhance our understanding of this intriguing condition and what it tells us about how our brains process vision.
Effective dynamical systems beyond dimension zero and factors of SFTs
Authors: BARBIERI SEBASTIÁN , CARRASCO-VARGAS NICANOR , ROJAS CRISTÓBAL
Published: October 2024

Using tools from computable analysis, we develop a notion of effectiveness for general dynamical systems as those group actions on arbitrary spaces that contain a computable representative in their topological conjugacy class. Most natural systems one can think of are effective in this sense, including some group rotations, affine actions on the torus and finitely presented algebraic actions. We show that for finitely generated and recursively presented groups, every effective dynamical system is the topological factor of a computable action on an effectively closed subset of the Cantor space. We then apply this result to extend the simulation results available in the literature beyond zero-dimensional spaces. In particular, we show that for a large class of groups, many of these natural actions are topological factors of subshifts of finite type.
The Banality of State Nationalism: Changing Airport Names in the Balkans
Authors: Svraka Dragana
Published: October 2024

This article focuses on the use of banal nationalism outside of the realm of formal politics. I examine several cases of major airports renaming in the Balkans, aiming to uncover distinctive logic behind the state introduction of nationalism in the ostensibly non-political domain. Based on the intended audience (domestic/international) and the chosen commemorative name (accepted/contested), I uncover two paths to banal nationalism: (1) internationally-oriented nation branding and (2) domestically-oriented memorialization. The analysis shows that the same action of renaming the airport can be normalized and taken for granted as assumed by the banal nationalism literature, or it can remain highly visible and disputed, leading to high-profile “hot” nationalism, indicating the failure of banalization. This article calls for more investigation of nationalism in everyday spaces that are not part of formal state domain and politics.
The Lügat of İstanbul: Reşad Ekrem Koçu’s re-animation of an urban past
Authors: Hiz Gürbey
Published: October 2024

This article focuses on an alphabetically ordered collection titled The Lügat of İstanbul Fifty Years Ago, published in 1942 by the prolific Turkish historian and writer Reşad Ekrem Koçu. Despite its rich and lesser-known descriptions and stories of İstanbul’s historical spaces, people, and events in each entry with anecdotes, quotes, and comments, the Lügat has remained relatively unknown. Koçu drew on the memoirs and journalistic essays of Turkish journalist Ahmed Rasim, who vividly captured the essence of the city in his writings during the 1890s. This article examines Koçu’s endeavor to establish a methodology for urban historiography by rearranging and re-animating the depictions of the mundane urban past in a new encyclopedic genre, Lügat, while placing it within the wider framework of urban history literature in İstanbul. Through a critical analysis of the narratives portraying the perils and pleasures of İstanbul in the Lügat, this article illustrates how Koçu’s classifications are intertwined with subjective interpretations rather than rational objectifications.
Replicating “Language Matters”: Taking Baselines into Account
Authors: Ouellet Catherine , Brie Evelyne , Montigny Éric
Published: October 2024

This study evaluates the visibility of French-speaking scholars in Canadian political science by analyzing the reading materials assigned in Canadian politics courses. Extending Daoust et al.'s (2022) research, we establish a baseline for their calculations and build an original dataset gathered from all political science departments’ websites and Google Scholar. Our analysis based on three assumptions about the expected academic representation of francophones—Canada's linguistic composition, the makeup of political science departments and faculty members’ productivity—reveals a discrepancy favouring anglophone scholars by up to four percentage points. Our findings extend Daoust et al.'s (2022) contribution by highlighting a similar language-based bias in overall citation practices among Canadian scholars, with French-speaking authors being significantly under-cited compared to their English-speaking counterparts despite demonstrating higher levels of overall productivity. Implications for the future of the discipline are also discussed.
Search Engines, White Ignorance, and the Social Epistemology of Technology
Authors: Habgood-Coote Joshua
Published: October 2024

How should we think about the ways search engines can go wrong? Following the publication of Safiya Noble's Algorithms of Oppression (Noble, 2018), a view has emerged that racist, sexist, and other problematic results should be thought of as indicative of algorithmic bias. In this paper, I offer an alternative angle on these results, building on Noble's suggestion that search engines are complicit in a racial contract (Mills, 1997). I argue that racist and sexist results should be thought of as part of the workings of the social system of white ignorance. Along the way, I will argue that we should think about search engines not as sources of testimony, but as information-classification systems, and make a preliminary case for the importance of the social epistemology of technology.
Epistemic Bubbles and Contextual Discordance
Authors: Pollock Joey
Published: October 2024

Recent work in social epistemology has drawn attention to various problematic social epistemic phenomena that are common within online networks. Nguyen (2020) argues that it is important to distinguish epistemic bubbles from echo chambers. An epistemic bubble is an information structure that merely lacks information or sources that would be relevant or important to the user. An echo chamber is a structure in which dissenting opinions are, not necessarily absent, but actively undermined, for example by instilling attitudes of distrust towards their adherents. Because of this, echo chambers are thought to be especially difficult to escape. In contrast, according to Nguyen, it is relatively easy to shatter an epistemic bubble: one simply introduces the missing information. In this paper, I argue that it is more difficult to shatter an epistemic bubble than has been recognised in the literature. The reason for this is the relationship between epistemic bubbles and interpretative resources. Despite their epistemic drawbacks, it is comparatively easy to gain knowledge from sources inside one's epistemic bubble because agents within a bubble share common ground. In contrast, it can be very difficult to gain knowledge from sources outside of one's bubble because interlocutors on the outside are less likely to have the shared context needed to facilitate communicative success. I argue that this problem suggests a different way to understand the nature of epistemic bubbles and our prospects for escaping them.
Online Communication: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Mallory Fintan , Michaelson Eliot
Published: October 2024

For billions of people, the internet has become a second home. It is where we meet friends and strangers, where we organise and learn, debate, deceive, and do business. In some respects, it is like the town square it was once claimed to be, while in others, it provides a strange new mode of interaction whose influence on us we are yet to understand. This collection of papers aims to give a short indication of some of the exciting philosophical work being carried out at the moment that addresses the novel aspects of online communication. The topics range from the expressive functions of emoji to the oppressive powers of search engines.
Sock Puppetry in Online Communication
Authors: Paterson Grace
Published: October 2024

This paper concerns sock puppetry, a practice which involves an individual communicating under multiple pseudonymous identities in a manner that makes it seem as though these personas are distinct conversational participants. I provide a definition of sock puppetry that is more narrow than other definitions, allowing it to be distinguished from related phenomena. I then analyse some of the ways in which sock puppetry can interfere with social tools we use for establishing trust within an online community, evaluating a speaker's credibility, and generally deciding who and what to believe.
Love, support and structural holes: Māori whānau carer experiences in collective family care systems
Authors: Simpson Mary Louisa , McAllum Kirstie , Fox Stephanie , Unson Christine , Hancock Te Oha , Carlson Ahera
Published: October 2024

As the population of Aotearoa New Zealand ages, informal family carers will play an increasingly important role in caring for older adults at home. Multi-generational living arrangements are a growing trend, particularly among Māori communities, where caring for older relatives within the family home is widespread. This article uses in-depth, semi-structured interviews with Māori whānau (extended family members) caring for kaumātua (older family members) at home to explore how carers experienced care coordination in the broader care collective. The findings centred on three interconnected factors that described the collective organisation of care: (1) whānau care as normal; (2) whānau care as collective coordination; and (3) whānau carer knowledge and needs as unseen. The findings show that although whānau care of kaumātua is highly valued, ‘structural holes’ within care systems contribute to challenges in care coordination. Despite extensive whānau support for kaumātua, primary carers often felt that their knowledge, preferences and self-care needs remained unseen and not translatable to those outside the everyday care situation. Rather than assuming an artificial binary difference between ‘collective’ and ‘individually oriented’ care contexts and cultures, analysing the cultural norms surrounding whānau care-giving confirms that collective care system members face similar and different challenges to carers with smaller caring capacities.
Soviet Inflection Points—A Play in Three Acts
Authors: Siegelbaum Lewis H.
Published: October 2024

This article is about contingency and determination. It identifies three “inflection points”—tipping points or points of no return—in the not-so-longue durée of Soviet history: 1929, 1959, and 1989. The article thus reflects on the collectivization of agriculture and associated brutalities; the promise and limitations of Khrushchev’s reforms as well as the appeal—again, limited—of the Soviet Union to the emerging Third World; and the opportunities presented by perestroika and glasnost to reconfigure relations and purposes of production before the waves of nationalism and neoliberal market madness washed over the Soviet Union.
Radiculomegaly as a key clinical feature in oculo-facio-cardio-dental (OFCD) syndrome: a case report with a novel truncating variant in BCOR gene
Authors: Sauvestre Clément , Boileau Marie-José , Caule Camille , Griffiths Didier , Schrub Florian , Chassaing Nicolas , Rooryck Caroline
Published: October 2024

Radiculomegaly is a rare dental anomaly characterised by the enlargement of the root canals of teeth. It is usually associated with oculo-facio-cardio-dental (OFCD) syndrome due to truncating variants in BCL-6 transcriptional corepressor (BCOR) (MIM*300485). We present the case of a 21-year-old female patient who was referred to genetics for a polymalformative syndrome including bilateral glaucoma and dental anomalies, especially radiculomegaly. Some others dysmorphic features were right superior lip notch, ogival palate, long philtrum, difficulty in pronation, café-au-lait spots, II-III toe bilateral syndactyly, and macrocephaly. Cone-beam CT confirmed radiculomegaly. The genetic analysis identified a heterozygous pathogenic variant NM_001123385.1:c.2093del (p.Pro698Glnfs*17) in the BCOR gene. After genetic diagnosis of OFCD syndrome, cardiac CT-scan revealed a large asymptomatic atrial septal defect that was subsequently surgically closed. Reviews of the literature have previously highlighted the prevalence of radiculomegaly in OFCD syndrome with a positive predictive value of 88.23% and a sensitivity of 75.94%. This case report highlights the importance of radiculomegaly as a clinical sign of OFCD syndrome, emphasising the rarity of non-syndromic radiculomegaly and the benefits of its diagnosis in clinical management, especially in cardiac screening.
Áhku gákti
Authors: Gindt Dirk
Published: October 2024

With Sámi mythology and storytelling as dramaturgical anchors, Giron Sámi Teáhter uses the key aesthetic elements of yoik (Sámi song) and duodji (Sámi arts and crafts) to revitalize and promote Sámi language and culture. The troupe’s work nourishes pride in young Sámi audiences in their rich cultural heritage, which for centuries was suppressed by settler colonialism across Sápmi, the land of the Sámi people, which stretches across the Northern part of Norway, Sweden, and Finland all the way to the Kola Peninsula in Russia.
Attunement to the Great Near with Rebecca Belmore’s Wave Sound
Authors: Phillips-Amos Georgia
Published: October 2024

In 2017, on the 150th anniversary of Canadian confederation, Anishinaabe-kwe performance artist Rebecca Belmore set a quartet of listening trumpets entitled Wave Sound on shorelines across Canada’s national parks. Her metallic instruments amplify the water’s frequencies by drawing them in close, inviting visitors to stop and listen to the found sounds. This technology operates on the scale of W.E.B. Du Bois’s rarely considered sci-fi “megascope,” inviting a new mode of listening to the vital and resilient voice of the lands and waters beyond narratives of settler colonialism.
Illness-related communication between siblings and parents of children with chronic illness and life-limiting conditions: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Kelada Lauren , Jaaniste Tiina , Cuganesan Anjali , Chin Wei Ling (Audrey) , Caellainn Tan Sarah , Wu Joanna , Ilin Robert , Robertson Eden , Drew Donna , Wakefield Claire E.
Published: October 2024

Background

Having a brother or sister who has a chronic illness (lasting >6 months and requiring long-term care) or life-limiting condition (LLC; where cure is highly unlikely and the child is expected to die) has major impacts on siblings. Parent–sibling illness-related communication may contribute to siblings’ capacity to cope.

Objectives

In this study, we aimed to explore parent–sibling illness-related communication, from the perspectives of parents and siblings. We also aimed to qualitatively compare participants’ responses according to illness group (chronic illness vs. LLCs).

Methods

We collected qualitative data from siblings (32 with a brother/sister with a chronic illness, 37 with a brother/sister with an LLC) and parents of a child with a chronic illness (n = 86) or LLC (n = 38) using purpose-designed, open-ended survey questions regarding illness-related communication. We used an inductive qualitative content analysis and matrix coding to explore themes and compare across illness groups.

Results

Two-thirds of siblings expressed satisfaction with their family’s illness-related communication. Siblings typically reported satisfaction with communication when it was open and age-appropriate, and reported dissatisfaction when information was withheld or they felt overwhelmed with more information than they could manage. Parents generally favored an open communication style with the siblings, though this was more common among parents of children with an LLC than chronic illness.

Significance of results

Our findings show that while many siblings shared that they felt satisfied with familial illness-related communication, parents should enquire with the siblings about their communication preferences in order to tailor illness-related information to the child’s maturity level, distress, and age.