bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of salt on homogeneous succinoylation of lignocellulosic fibers in dimethyl sulfoxide/tetraethylammonium chloride under mild condition
Authors: Chen Jianqiang , Su Meng , Chen Rongping , Hong Jianguo , Cheng Rongshi
Published: January 2015

Effects of salt in the homogeneous succinoylation of ball milled mulberry wood in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/tetraethylammonium chloride (TEACl) was investigated using viscometry and two‐dimensional nuclear overhauser effect NMR spectroscopy (2D NOESY). The intrinsic viscosity of mulberry wood solution strongly depends on the TEACl dosage indicating that the change in hydrodynamic size of polymers caused by the interactions between salt and polymers in solution. 2D NOESY spectra reveal that TEA+ cations bind to the cellobiose in DMSO by the interactions between methenyl of TEA+ and C(1)/C(1′) group of cellobiose and the intensities of the crosspeaks increased with an increase in TEACl dosage. Taking cellobiose as a model compound for cellulose, it can be expected that TEA+ cations and cellulose forms a polyelectrolyte‐like complex. The yields of homogeneous succinoylation of mulberry wood in DMSO/TEACl benefits from the interactions between TEA+ cations and cellulose evidenced by weight percent gain, Fourier transform infrared spectra as well as CP/MAS 13C‐NMR spectra. © VC 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41912.
Synthesis of hyperbranched polymers by free radical addition‐coupling polymerization with A3/B2 and A2A′/B2 approaches
Authors: Liu Yaobin , Fan Zhiqiang
Published: January 2015

Two tribromide compounds, 1,3‐(propanoic acid, 2‐bromo‐)‐2‐(2‐bromo‐1‐oxopropylamino)propyl ester (A1) and trimethylolpropane tris(2‐bromopropionate) (A2), were synthesized. By Cu/N,N,N′,N′,N″‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA)‐mediated radical addition‐coupling polymerization (RACP) of 2‐methyl‐2‐nitrosopropane (MNP) with the tribromide compounds, two types of hyperbranched polymers were synthesized under mild conditions, respectively. Polymerization degrees of the polymers increased with time gradually, which is in line with a step‐growth polymerization mechanism. By tracing the polymerization process by gel permeation chromatography and NMR analysis, proper reaction conditions to get hyperbranched polymers was obtained. Based on the results of NMR analysis on the polymer chain structure, mechanism of forming hyperbranched polymer has been proposed, which includes formation of carbon radicals from the tribromo monomer through single electron transfer, their reaction with MNP to form nitroxide radicals, and cross‐coupling reaction of the nitroxide radicals with other carbon radicals. The gelation point of the A2‐MNP system is larger than that of the A1‐MNP system, indicating that probability of intramolecular cyclization in A2‐MNP RACP system is higher than the A1‐MNP system. The reactivity of —NHCOCH(CH3)Br group of A1 is lower than its two —OCOCH(CH3)Br groups, and this resulted in longer distance between two adjacent branch points in the hyperbranched polymer of A1‐MNP than the A2‐MNP system. It is possible to adjust the chain structure of RACP‐based hyperbranched polymer by changing the reactivity of the functional groups in A3 monomer. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41972.
Fabrication and characterization of polymer composites surface coated Fe3O4/MWCNTs hybrid buckypaper as a novel microwave‐absorbing structure
Authors: Lu Shaowei , Ma Keming , Wang Xiaoqiang , Xiong Xuhai , Xu Weikai , Jia Caixia
Published: January 2015

A naval hybrid buckypaper was fabricated by vacuum filtration method with monodispersion solution of Fe3O4 decorated Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The morphology, element composition and phase structure of hybrid buckypaper were characterized by field‐emission scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer, and X‐ray diffraction. The microwave absorption and complex electromagnetic properties of the composites surface coated MWCNTs buckypaper (or Fe3O4/MWCNTs hybrid buckypaper) have been investigated in the frequency range of 8–18 GHz. The results indicate that the microwave absorption properties of composite structure have been evidently improved due to the Fe3O4/MWCNTs hybrid buckypaper' high magnetic loss and suitable dielectric loss properties. The reflection loss of composite surface coated Fe3O4/MWCNTs hybrid buckypaper (with a matching thickness d = 0.1 mm) is below −10 dB in the frequency range of 13–18 GHz, and the minimum value is −15.3 dB at 15.7 GHz. Thus, Fe3O4/MWCNTs hybrid buckypaper can become a promising candidate for electromagnetic‐wave‐absorption materials with strong‐absorption, thin‐thickness and light‐weight characteristics. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41974.
Effect of silane coupling agent on the fatigue crack propagation of silica‐filled natural rubber
Authors: Yao Hong , Weng Gengsheng , Liu Yanpeng , Fu Kun , Chang Aijun , Chen Zhong‐Ren
Published: January 2015

Based on the real‐time crack tip morphology monitoring, the influence of silane coupling agent (SCA) on the crack‐growth behavior of silica‐filled natural rubber (NR) was analyzed. By using SCA, silica particles can be well dispersed and a filler–matrix network can be formed, which leads to lower crack‐growth rate. Results indicate that a dosage of 5 wt % (with respect to silica loading) is the optimal content. The real‐time observation and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis proved that thin ligaments and dimples with homogeneous distribution appear on the crack tip. These crack tip morphologies reflect the low crack‐growth rate. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41980.
Bone Signaling in Middle Ear Development: A Genome‐Wide Differential Expression Analysis
Authors: Nielsen Michelle Christine , Bertelsen Tomas Martin , Friis Morten , Winther Ole , Friis‐Hansen Lennart , Cayé‐Thomasen Per , Sørensen Mads Sølvsten
Published: January 2015

Common middle ear diseases may affect bone behavior in the middle ear air cell system. To understand this pathologic pneumatization, the normal development of bone in the middle ear should be investigated. The objective of this study was to analyze gene expression of bone‐related signaling factors and gene sets in the developing middle ear. Microarray technology was used to identify bone‐related genes and gene sets, which were differentially expressed between the lining tissue of adult (quiescent) bulla and young (resorbing/forming) bulla. Data were analyzed using tools of bioinformatics and expression levels of selected genes were validated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The candidate gene products were compared with previously published data on middle ear bone metabolism. No differentially expressed genes were found on the outer surface of bulla. On the inner lining a total of 260 genes were identified of which 22 genes were involved in bone metabolism. Gene set analysis revealed five enriched bone‐related gene sets. The identified differentially expressed bone‐related mRNAs and gene sets are of potential significance in the normally developing bulla. These factors and gene sets may also play important roles during pathologic pneumatization of the middle ear air cell system in common middle ear diseases. In addition, this study suggests that the control of growth rate and wall thickness from resorptive as well as formative signals all originate from the inner lining cells of the bulla wall. Anat Rec, 297:2349–2355, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Developing a bottom‐up, user‐based method of web register classification
Authors: Egbert Jesse , Biber Douglas , Davies Mark
Published: January 2015

This paper introduces a project to develop a reliable, cost‐effective method for classifying Internet texts into register categories, and apply that approach to the analysis of a large corpus of web documents. To date, the project has proceeded in 2 key phases. First, we developed a bottom‐up method for web register classification, asking end users of the web to utilize a decision‐tree survey to code relevant situational characteristics of web documents, resulting in a bottom‐up identification of register and subregister categories. We present details regarding the development and testing of this method through a series of 10 pilot studies. Then, in the second phase of our project we applied this procedure to a corpus of 53,000 web documents. An analysis of the results demonstrates the effectiveness of these methods for web register classification and provides a preliminary description of the types and distribution of registers on the web.
Filing, piling, and everything in between: The dynamics of E‐mail inbox management
Authors: Kalman Yoram M. , Ravid Gilad
Published: January 2015

Managing the constant flow of incoming messages is a daily challenge faced by knowledge workers who use technologies such as e‐mail and other digital communication tools. This study focuses on the most ubiquitous of these technologies, e‐mail, and unobtrusively explores the ongoing inbox‐management activities of thousands of users worldwide over a period of 8 months. The study describes the dynamics of these inboxes throughout the day and the week as users strive to handle incoming messages, read them, classify them, respond to them in a timely manner, and archive them for future reference, all while carrying out the daily tasks of knowledge workers. It then tests several hypotheses about the influence of specific inbox‐management behaviors in mitigating the causes of e‐mail overload, and proposes a continuous index that quantifies one of these inbox‐management behaviors. This inbox clearing index (ICI) expands on the widely cited trichotomous classification of users into frequent filers, spring cleaners, and no filers, as suggested by Whittaker and Sidner (1996). We propose that the ICI allows shifting the focus, from classifying users to characterizing a diversity of user behaviors and measuring the relationships between these behaviors and desired outcomes.
Towards the prediction problems of bursting hashtags on Twitter
Authors: Kong Shoubin , Ye Fei , Feng Ling , Zhao Zhe
Published: January 2015

Hundreds of thousands of hashtags are generated every day on Twitter. Only a few will burst and become trending topics. In this article, we provide the definition of a bursting hashtag and conduct a systematic study of a series of challenging prediction problems that span the entire life cycles of bursting hashtags. Around the problem of “how to build a system to predict bursting hashtags,” we explore different types of features and present machine learning solutions. On real data sets from Twitter, experiments are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed solutions and the contributions of features.
Pseudo‐complex General Relativity and neutron stars
Authors: Hess P. O. , Rodríguez I. , Greiner W.
Published: January 2015

The pseudo‐complex General Relativity, which includes a minimal length, is resumed and similarities to other theories are pointed out. For a zero minimal length the theory exhibits a remnant contribution, which is associated to a dark energy. It suggests the principle that a mass not only curves the space around it but also changes the vacuum properties, which in turn affect the metric. Some experimental predictions are shortly mentioned. The consequences of the presence of a dark energy are investigated for the case of neutron stars. It is shown that large masses of neutron stars are possible. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Baryonic properties of neutron stars within pseudo‐complex General Relativity
Authors: Rodríguez I. , Hess P. O. , Schramm S. , Greiner W.
Published: January 2015

The baryonic properties of neutron stars within the theory of pseudo‐complex General Relativity (pc‐GR) are studied. The pc‐Tolman‐Oppenheimer‐Volkoff equations are numerically integrated in order to understand the structure of these objects. The pc‐component energy density ϵΛ has been linearly coupled to the respective baryonic quantity ϵm. Solutions have been presented for different values of the coupling parameter. It is shown that accumulation of the Λ‐component allows the theoretical existence of larger and more massive neutron stars. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Episodic Recollection Difficulties in ASD Result from Atypical Relational Encoding: Behavioral and Neural Evidence
Authors: Gaigg Sebastian B. , Bowler Dermot M. , Ecker Christine , Calvo‐Merino Beatriz , Murphy Declan G.
Published: January 2015

Memory functioning in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by impairments in the encoding of relational but not item information and difficulties in the recollection of contextually rich episodic memories but not in the retrieval of relatively context‐free memories through processes of familiarity. The neural underpinnings of this profile and the extent to which encoding difficulties contribute to retrieval difficulties in ASD remain unclear. Using a paradigm developed by Addis and McAndrews [2006; Neuroimage, 33, 1194–1206] we asked adults with and without a diagnosis of ASD to study word‐triplets during functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) scanning that varied in the number of category relations amongst component words. Performance at test confirmed attenuated recollection in the context of preserved familiarity based retrieval in ASD. The results also showed that recollection but not familiarity based retrieval increases as a function of category relations in word triads for both groups, indicating a close link between the encoding of relational information and recollection. This link was further supported by the imaging results, where blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal responses in overlapping regions of the inferior prefrontal cortex were sensitive to the relational encoding manipulation as well as the contrast between recollection versus familiarity based retrieval. Interestingly, however, there was no evidence of prefrontal signal differentiation for this latter contrast in the ASD group for whom signal changes in a left hippocampal region were also marginally attenuated. Together, these observations suggest that attenuated levels of episodic recollection in ASD are, at least in part, attributable to anomalies in relational encoding processes. Autism Res 2015, 8: 317–327. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expression and characterization of bifunctional fusion proteins possessing antitumor and thrombolytic function for targeting therapy
Authors: Hui Jing , Lin Jia‐shuai , Hu Ying , Li Hui , Hu Feng‐qing
Published: January 2015

It is a usual clinical phenomenon that cancer patients are prone to thrombosis. Until now, there have been no efficient methods or appropriate drugs to prevent and cure tumor thrombus. ΔSEC2, N‐terminal deletion of 17 amino acids and C‐terminal deletion of 132 amino acids, retained antitumor activity of SEC2. ΔSak, N‐terminal deletion of 10 amino acids, had thrombolytic activity and specificity advantages. By utilizing bioactivities of ΔSEC2 and ΔSak, ΔSEC2–ΔSak and ΔSak–ΔSEC2 were constructed. Octreotide is a tumor targeting peptide and it can be combined with somatostatin (SST) receptors of tumor surface in ligand–receptor binding way. It can be used to increase specificity for tumor therapy. Based on previous studies, DNA sequence encoding octreotide gene was inserted into plasmid pET‐28a–Δsec2–Δsak and pET‐28a–Δsak–Δsec2. After expression and purification, fusion proteins could significantly stimulate proliferation of mouse spleen lymphocyte, obviously inhibit the growth of human gastric carcinoma BGC‐823, and have thrombolytic activity, indicating that fusion proteins retained bioactivities of staphylococcal enterotoxin C2 and Sak. Furthermore, tumor binding capacity of fusion protein was confirmed through the coimmunoprecipitation method. The result showed that they could bind SST receptor 2 antibody, indicating that fusion proteins could be specifically targeted to tumor surface. It has important significance and may be used for targeted therapy.
The discrepancy between maximum in vitro exposure levels and realistic conservative exposure levels of mobile phones operating at 900/1800 MHz
Authors: Schmid Gernot , Kuster Niels
Published: January 2015

The objective of this paper is to compare realistic maximum electromagnetic exposure of human tissues generated by mobile phones with electromagnetic exposures applied during in vitro experiments to assess potentially adverse effects of electromagnetic exposure in the radiofrequency range. We reviewed 80 in vitro studies published between 2002 and present that concern possible adverse effects of exposure to mobile phones operating in the 900 and 1800 MHz bands. We found that the highest exposure level averaged over the cell medium that includes evaluated cells (monolayer or suspension) used in 51 of the 80 studies corresponds to 2 W/kg or less, a level below the limit defined for the general public. That does not take into account any exposure non‐uniformity. For comparison, we estimated, by numerical means using dipoles and a commercial mobile phone model, the maximum conservative exposure of superficial tissues from sources operated in the 900 and 1800 MHz bands. The analysis demonstrated that exposure of skin, blood, and muscle tissues may well exceed 40 W/kg at the cell level. Consequently, in vitro studies reporting minimal or no effects in response to maximum exposure of 2 W/kg or less averaged over the cell media, which includes the cells, may be of only limited value for analyzing risk from realistic mobile phone exposure. We, therefore, recommend future in vitro experiments use specific absorption rate levels that reflect maximum exposures and that additional temperature control groups be included to account for sample heating. Bioelectromagnetics. 36:133–148, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Insulin/receptor binding: The last piece of the puzzle?
Authors: De Meyts Pierre
Published: January 2015

Progress in solving the structure of insulin bound to its receptor has been slow and stepwise, but a milestone has now been reached with a refined structure of a complex of insulin with a “microreceptor” that contains the primary binding site. The insulin receptor is a dimeric allosteric enzyme that belongs to the family of receptor tyrosine kinases. The insulin binding process is complex and exhibits negative cooperativity. Biochemical evidence suggested that insulin, through two distinct binding sites, crosslinks two receptor sites located on each α subunit. The structure of the unliganded receptor ectodomain showed a symmetrical folded‐over conformation with an antiparallel disposition. Further work resolved the detailed structure of receptor site 1, both without and with insulin. Recently, a missing piece in the puzzle was added: the C‐terminal portion of insulin's B‐chain known to be critical for binding and negative cooperativity. Here I discuss these findings and their implications.
Impact of weight change during neoadjuvant chemotherapy on pathologic response in triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Bao Jean , Borja Nicholas , Rao Madhu , Huth James , Leitch A. Marilyn , Rivers Aeisha , Wooldridge Rachel , Rao Roshni
Published: January 2015

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an uncommon but aggressive subtype of breast cancer. Obesity has been associated with an increased risk of breast cancer and worse prognosis. Some studies suggest that obese patients are less likely to achieve pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) and experience worse overall survival. Ki‐67 is a proliferation marker that correlates with tumor aggressiveness. The goal of this study was to examine the impact of weight change during NCT for TNBC on pathologic response and Ki‐67 reduction. Retrospective review identified 173 TNBC patients treated between 2004 and 2011. Data were collected on patient demographics, pre‐ and post‐NCT body mass index (BMI), Ki‐67, and pCR. Data analysis was performed using the two‐tailed Student's t‐test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Fisher's exact test. Sixty‐six patients met final study criteria. Forty‐three patients lost weight during chemotherapy and 23 gained weight. Patients in the weight gain group were significantly younger (P = 0.0013). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of Ki‐67 reduction (P = 0.98) or pCR (P = 0.58). When patients were separated into normal weight (BMI<25 kg/m2), overweight (BMI ≥ 25 and <30 kg/m2), and obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), there was no significant difference in Ki‐67 among those groups either before or after NCT. The degree of obesity did not have a significant impact on Ki‐67 reduction. Weight change during NCT does not appear to correlate with Ki‐67 change or achieving pCR in TNBC. This may reflect the nature of this subtype of breast cancer that is less responsive to the hormonal effects that adipose tissue exerts on cancer cell proliferation.
Single‐Victim and Serial Sexual Homicide Offenders: Differences in Crime, Paraphilias and Personality Traits
Authors: Chan Heng Choon (Oliver) , Beauregard Eric , Myers Wade C.
Published: January 2015

Background

Information on psychopathological characteristics of sexual homicide offenders is scarce.

Aims

To investigate criminal, paraphilic and personality trait differences between serial and single‐victim sexual homicide offenders.

Methods

All 73 single‐victim and 13 serial sexual homicide offenders presenting within a cohort of 671 men sentenced for sexual crimes between 1994 and 2005 and serving their sentence in one high‐security Canadian prison and who consented to interview were assessed and compared on their offending patterns, personality pathology and paraphilic behaviours.

Results

Serial sexual homicide offenders were more likely than the single offenders to report deviant sexual fantasies, having selected victims with distinctive characteristics, to have targeted strangers, structured premeditation and/or verbal humiliation of their victims during the offences. Personality pathology, defined by at least two Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV criteria for personality disorder, was common in both groups, but the serial offenders were more likely to have narcissistic, schizoid and/or obsessive–compulsive traits; they were also more likely to engage in sexual masochism, partialism, homosexual paedophilia, exhibitionism and/or voyeurism.

Implications for practice

Samples of serial sexual homicide offenders will, fortunately, always be small, and it may be that more could be learned to assist in preventing such crimes if data from several studies or centres were pooled. Our findings suggest that an investigation of sexual homicide offenders should include strategies for evaluating premeditation as well as personality and paraphilic characteristics. Crime scene features that should alert investigators should include similar characteristics between victims and particular aspects of body exposure or organisation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association of mean platelet volume with angiographic thrombus burden and short‐term mortality in patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Lai Hong‐Mei , Xu Rui , Yang Yi‐Ning , Ma Yi‐Tong , Li Xiao‐Mei , Zhao Qian , Chen Qing‐Jie , Zhai Hui , Liu Fen , Chen Bang‐Dang
Published: January 2015

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of mean platelet volume (MPV) on the intracoronary thrombus burden and short‐term mortality in patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Background

Platelets play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease. MPV has been reported to be an indicator of platelet reactivity.

Methods

A total of 649 consecutive STEMI patients who underwent primary PCI between January 2008 and December 2013 were enrolled and divided into two groups based on the thrombus burden: the large thrombus burden (LTB) group and the small thrombus burden (STB) group. The primary endpoint was all‐cause mortality at 30 days.

Result

The LTB group had significantly higher admission MPV compared with the STB group (10.77 ± 1.22 vs. 9.95 ± 1.03, P < 0.001). The cumulative 30‐day all‐cause mortality rate was significantly higher in the groups with high MPV and LTB (9.8% vs. 2.5%, P < 0.001, 8.6% vs. 4.1%, P = 0.036, respectively). In a receiver operating characteristics analysis, MPV ≥ 10.2 predicted LTB with 73.5% sensitivity and 68.9% specificity. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated MPV was an independent predictor of large intracoronary thrombus burden (OR 1.794, 95% CI 1.533 to 2.100, P < 0.001) and 30‐day all‐cause mortality (HR 1.408, 95% CI 1.040 to 1.906, P = 0.027).

Conclusions

Increased MPV at admission is an independent predictor of large intracoronary thrombus burden and short‐term mortality. It may be a useful biomarker for risk stratification in patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI. © 2015 The Authors. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
First‐in‐man study evaluating the safety and efficacy of a second generation biodegradable polymer sirolimus‐eluting stent in the treatment of patients with de novo coronary lesions: Clinical, Angiographic, and OCT outcomes of CREDIT‐1
Authors: Wang Geng , Sun Zhongwei , Jin Quanmin , Xu Kai , Li Yi , Wang Xiaozeng , Ma Yingyan , Liu Haiwei , Zhao Xin , Wang Bin , Deng Jie , Guan Shaoyi , Ge Meiling , Wang Xiaoyan , Xu Bo , Han Yaling
Published: January 2015

Objective

To evaluate the preliminary safety and efficacy of the EXCEL II stent system.

Background

Although the first biodegradable polymer drug‐eluting stent (BP‐DES), EXCEL, was launched nearly a decade ago, in‐stent restenosis and stent thrombosis remain pertinent clinical problems in practice. A new cobalt‐chromium BP‐DES EXCEL II has been developed with the aim of improving stent safety and efficacy.

Methods

Forty‐five patients with single de novo native coronary lesions were enrolled and randomized to two groups in a 2:1 ratio, the 4‐month follow‐up group (n = 30) and the 12‐month follow‐up group (n = 15). All patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with the EXCEL II stent system. Quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were used to assess coronary vasculature at the designated 4‐ or 12‐month follow‐up. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at 30 days post‐PCI.

Results

No MACE, thrombotic events, or target lesion failure was found in the 45 patients during the 12‐month follow‐up. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the two groups in terms of in‐stent and in‐segment late lumen loss (LLL). No in‐stent and in‐segment restenosis was found in either group. At follow‐up, the ratio of >10% uncovered struts per lesion was 26.67% in the 4‐month group and 0% in the 12‐month group (P < 0.05). Neointimal coverage in the 12‐month group was significantly better than in the 4‐month group (98.58% vs. 93.51%, P < 0.01).

Conclusions

This first‐in‐man study demonstrates promising feasibility, safety, and efficacy of EXCEL II stents. These stents were found to have rapid endothelialization and low LLL rates at 4 and 12 months after implantation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polymer Nanoreactor with “Mobility‐Recalling” Domains for On/Off Switchable Catalysis
Authors: Zheng Xiaochun , Luo Rong , Zhu Maiyong , Li Songjun
Published: January 2015

How to furnish catalysts with switchable catalytic ability is a challenge in self‐controlled catalysis. This issue was addressed by constructing a unique polymer nanoreactor containing “mobility‐recalling” switchable domains that acted as a molecular switch for providing access to the encapsulated metal nanoparticles. This polymer reactor revealed poor reactivity at relatively low temperatures because of the “frozen” molecular chains in the switchable domains inhibiting the access of substrate to the encapsulated metal nanoparticles (i.e., catalytic “off” status). In contrast, the polymer reactor demonstrated significant reactivity at relatively high temperatures, resulting from the dramatically increased mobility of the molecular chains, which allowed access to the encapsulated nickel nanoparticles (i.e., catalytic “on” status). Switching between the catalytic off and on statuses could be repeated owing to the recallable mobility of molecular chains in the switchable domains. This protocol opens up the opportunity to develop smart nanoreactors for controlled chemical processes.
Na2S–Carbon Nanotube Fabric Electrodes for Room‐Temperature Sodium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Yu Xingwen , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: January 2015

A unique sodium sulfide (Na2S) cathode is developed, which will allow the use of sodium‐free anodes for room‐temperature sodium–sulfur (Na–S) batteries. To overcome the “inert” nature of the Na2S, a special cathode structure is developed by spreading the multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)‐wrapped Na2S particles onto MWCNT fabrics. Spectroscopic and electrochemical analyses reveal a series of polysulfide intermediates involved in the charge/discharge of the cell. The Na–S battery prepared in full discharge state with the Na2S/MWCNT cathode provides a remarkable capacity of 500 A h kg−1 (based on sulfur mass) after 50 cycles.
Kinetic Resolution in the [2+2] Cycloaddition of Ketenes: An Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Rullière Pauline , Carret Sébastien , Milet Anne , Poisson Jean‐François
Published: January 2015

The kinetic resolution of Z and E olefins by [2+2] cycloaddition with ketenes allows the isolation of pure E olefin, as well as the synthesis of pure cis‐cyclobutanones, starting from Z/E mixtures. A computational rationale for this kinetic difference is reported. The obtained difference of energy of activation matches with the experimental results.
Reversible Thermal Switching of Aqueous Dispersibility of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: O'Driscoll Luke J. , Welsh Daniel J. , Bailey Steven W. D. , Visontai David , Frampton Harry , Bryce Martin R. , Lambert Colin J.
Published: January 2015

Easily reversible aqueous dispersion/precipitation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) has been demonstrated using small‐molecule non‐ionic pyrene‐based surfactants, which exhibit lower critical solution temperature (LCST) phase behaviour. The MWNTs are dispersed by means of non‐covalent interactions. The dispersibility can be switched “off” (i.e., MWNTs precipitated) upon heating and switched “on” (i.e., MWNTs re‐dispersed) upon cooling and merely swirling the sample at room temperature, that is, under very mild conditions. This effect is also observed under high ionic strength conditions with NaCl in the aqueous phase.
From Minutes to Years: Predicting Organotrifluoroborate Solvolysis Rates
Authors: Liu Zhibo , Chao Daniel , Li Ying , Ting Richard , Oh Jihyoon , Perrin David M.
Published: January 2015

Organotrifluoroborates solvolyze in water at rates that vary over five orders of magnitude. The negative logarithm of the solvolytic rate constant, pk(BF), correlates exceptionally well with the pKa of the analogous carboxylic acid (R2=0.984). This unforeseen correlation may be of predictive value for several applications including Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions and the design of 18F‐organotrifluoroborate radioprosthetic groups.
Unexpected Photoluminescence of Fluorinated Naphthalene Diimides
Authors: Maniam Subashani , Cox Rosalind P. , Langford Steven J. , Bell Toby D. M.
Published: January 2015

Two new amino core‐substituted naphthalene diimides (cNDIs) bearing fluorinated side chains have been synthesised. Steady‐state and time‐resolved fluorescence spectroscopy reveals unprecedented optical properties for the cNDIs with high quantum yields of ∼0.8 and fluorescence lifetimes of ∼13 ns in a range of solvents. These properties are apparent at the level of single molecules, where the compounds also show exceptional photostability under pulsed‐laser excitation. Photon emission is remarkably consistent with very few long timescale (millisecond or longer) interruptions with molecules regularly undergoing >107 cycles of excitation and emission. Intermittencies owing to triplet‐state formation occur on a sub‐millisecond timescale with a low yield of 1–2 %, indicating that the presence of the fluorine atoms does not lead to a significant triplet yield through the heavy‐atom effect. These properties make the compounds excellent candidates for single‐molecule labelling applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Cd4YbO(BO3)3 — A Congruent Melting Cadmium—Ytterbium Oxyborate with Large Nonlinear Optical Properties.
Authors: Zou Guohong , Huang Ling , Cai Huaqiang , Wang Shichao , Ye Ning
Published: January 2015

Single crystals of the title compound are grown by solid state reaction of CdCO3, H3BO3, and Yb2O3 in a molar ratio of 8:6:1 (Pt crucible, 1200 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: Regiospecific Ficini [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Ynamides with Cyclic Isoimidium Salts under Catalyst‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Yuan Yini , Bai Lu , Nan Jiang , Liu Jingjing , Luan Xinjun
Published: January 2015

A convenient process is developed for the regioselective [2 + 2] cycloaddition of cyclic isoimidium tetrafluoroborates with ynamides without the need for any catalytic additive.
Experimentelle Bestimmung von Wärmeübergang und Druckverlust bei Kondensation im vertikalen Plattenspalt. Experimental Determination of Condensation Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in a Vertical Plate Gap
Authors: Müller Arne , Kabelac Stephan
Published: January 2015

Plattenwärmeübertrager haben sich als kompakte, effiziente Wärmeübertrager etabliert. Bisher existieren jedoch nur wenige veröffentlichte Daten bzw. Korrelationen zur zuverlässigen Berechnung des Wärmeüberganges und des Druckverlustes bei Mehrphasenströmungen und Phasenübergängen. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die experimentelle Untersuchung des zweiphasigen Wärmeüberganges und Druckverlustes bei der Kondensation im vertikalen, gewellten Plattenspalt. Die Ergebnisse von Kondensationsversuchen mit dem Kältemittel R134a und Wasserdampf werden vorgestellt und Literaturmodellen gegenübergestellt.
Pillow Plate Heat Exchangers – Investigation of Flow Characteristics and Wetting Behavior at Single‐Flow Conditions
Authors: Siebeneck Karl , Popov Wjatscheslaw , Stefanak Tobias , Scholl Stephan
Published: January 2015

Experimental and theoretical results on the flow pattern and film thickness of liquid falling films on the outside of a vertical pillow‐type plate heat exchanger are presented. With the experimental setup, the wetting of a pillow plate and the local film thickness can be determined. The calculated mean film thickness is compared to literature data with an experimental investigation of a flat plate to assess the presented evaluation technique. Correlations for the mean film thickness on a flat plate and a pillow plate are given. The minimum flow rate per wetted length for a pillow plate is investigated.
Broadening the spectrum of actin‐based protrusive activity mediated by Arp2/3 complex‐facilitated polymerization: Motility of cytoplasmic ridges and tubular projections
Authors: Henson John H. , Gianakas Anastasia D. , Henson Lauren H. , Lakin Christina L. , Voss Meagen K. , Bewersdorf Joerg , Oldenbourg Rudolf , Morris Robert L.
Published: January 2015

Arp2/3 complex‐facilitated actin polymerization plays an essential role in a variety of cellular functions including motility, adherence, endocytosis, and trafficking. In the present study, we employ the sea urchin coelomocyte experimental model system to test the hypotheses that Arp2/3 complex‐nucleated actin assembly mediates the motility of two unusual cellular protrusions; the cytoplasmic ridges present during coelomocyte spreading, and inducible, tubular‐shaped, and neurite‐like projections. Our investigations couple pharmacological manipulation employing inhibitors of actin polymerization and the Arp2/3 complex with a wide array of imaging methods including digitally enhanced phase contrast, DIC, and polarization light microscopy of live cells; conventional, confocal and super‐resolution light microscopy of fluorescently labeled cells; and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that Arp2/3 complex‐facilitated actin polymerization underlies the motility of coelomocyte cytoplasmic ridges and tubular projections, that these processes are related to each other, and that they have been preliminarily identified in other cell types. The results also highlight the broad spectrum of actin‐based protrusive activities dependent on the Arp2/3 complex and provide additional insights into the pervasive nature of this ubiquitous actin nucleator. Furthermore, we provide the first evidence of a possible mechanistic difference between the impacts of the small molecule drugs BDM and CK666 on the Arp2/3 complex. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Oxadiazole‐2‐thiol Adsorption on Gold Nanorods: A Joint Theoretical and Experimental Study by Using SERS, XPS, and DFT
Authors: Haidar Israa , Lau‐Truong Stéphanie , Aubard Jean , Renault Jean‐Philippe , Félidj Nordin , Maurel François , Boubekeur‐Lecaque Leïla
Published: January 2015

The chemisorption of 1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐2‐thiol (ODT) on gold nanorods has been investigated by using surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and density functional theory (DFT). Although most of the SERS spectra have remarkable similarity to the normal Raman spectra of the pure analyte, the adsorption of ODT on a gold surface leads to a drastic change in its Raman spectrum and distinct vibrational features are obtained with gold nanorods and spherical nanoparticles. Simulated Raman spectra for hybrid systems that consist of an oxadiazole moiety coordinated to a Au20 gold cluster provided valuable information about the coordination mode and enabled us to assign vibration modes.
Reaction Mechanism of Methanol to Formaldehyde over Fe‐ and FeO‐Modified Graphene
Authors: Thivasasith Anawat , Sirijaraensre Jakkapan , Khongpracha Pipat , Warakulwit Chompunuch , Jansang Bavornpon , Limtrakul Jumras
Published: January 2015

We employed periodic DFT calculations (PBE‐D2) to investigate the catalytic conversion of methanol over graphene embedded with Fe and FeO. Two possible pathways of dehydrogenation to formaldehyde and dehydration to dimethyl ether (DME) over these catalysts were examined. Both processes are initiated with the activation of methanol over the catalytic center through OH cleavage. As a result, a methoxo‐containing intermediate is formed. Subsequently, H‐transfer from the methoxy to the adjacent ligand leads to the formation of formaldehyde. Conversely, the activation of the second methanol over the intermediate gives DME and H2O. Over Fe/graphene, the dehydration process is kinetically and thermodynamically preferable. Unlike Fe/graphene, FeO/graphene is predicted to be an efficient catalyst for the dehydrogenation process. Oxidative dehydrogenation over FeO/graphene takes place through two steps with free energy barriers of 5.7 and 10.2 kcal mol−1.
Rapid Precipitation: An Alternative to Solvent Casting for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Dattani Rajeev , Telling Mark T. F. , Lopez Carlos G. , Krishnadasan Siva H. , Bannock James H. , Terry Anne E. , de Mello John C. , Cabral João T. , Nedoma Alisyn J.
Published: January 2015

Rapid precipitation, immersion of a liquid formulation into a nonsolvent, is compared with drop casting for fabricating organic solar cells. Blends comprising poly‐3‐hexylthiophene (P3HT), phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), and chlorobenzene were processed into bulk samples by using two distinct routes: rapid precipitation and drop casting. The resulting structure, phases, and crystallinity were analyzed by using small‐angle neutron scattering, X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and muon spin resonance. Rapid precipitation was found to induce a finely structured phase separation between PCBM and P3HT, with 65 wt % crystallinity in the P3HT phase. In contrast, solvent casting resulted in a mixed PCBM/P3HT phase with only 43 wt % P3HT crystallinity. The structural advantages conferred by rapid precipitation were shown to persist following intense thermal treatments.
Master–slave synchronization criteria for chaotic hindmarsh–rose neurons using linear feedback control
Authors: Ding Ke , Han Qing‐Long
Published: January 2015

This article is concerned with master–slave synchronization for two chaotic Hindmarsh–Rose neurons. The main contribution of this article is that three synchronization criteria are derived by using linear feedback control without the estimation of bounds of state variables of controlled slave neurons. Three simulation examples are used to illustrate the effectiveness of our results. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 319–327, 2016
Behavioral comparisons of male and female pups of prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) and meadow voles (M. pennsylvanicus)
Authors: McGuire Betty , Bemis William E.
Published: January 2015

Sexual dimorphism in mammals typically is reduced in monogamous species relative to polygynous species, with promiscuous species being intermediate. This pattern of dimorphism characterizes adult behavior and body mass of prairie voles, a monogamous species, when compared with meadow voles, a closely related polygynous or promiscuous species. We examined whether the pattern also applies to young of the two species by observing individual pups living in family groups in seminatural environments. Observations during the second week of life revealed no sex differences in pup behavior or body mass. However, we detected species differences in suckling behavior, jockeying for position within the huddle (especially among males), and body mass that replicate and extend our previous observations. These data indicate that patterns of sexual dimorphism associated with different mating systems may not be evident in juvenile mammals, but that species differences in behavior and body mass can be obvious at this stage. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 57: 237–246, 2015.
The eating disorder assessment for DSM‐5 (EDA‐5): Development and validation of a structured interview for feeding and eating disorders
Authors: Sysko Robyn , Glasofer Deborah R. , Hildebrandt Tom , Klimek Patrycja , Mitchell James E. , Berg Kelly C. , Peterson Carol B. , Wonderlich Stephen A. , Walsh B. Timothy
Published: January 2015

Objective

Existing measures for DSM‐IV eating disorder diagnoses have notable limitations, and there are important differences between DSM‐IV and DSM‐5 feeding and eating disorders. This study developed and validated a new semistructured interview, the Eating Disorders Assessment for DSM‐5 (EDA‐5).

Method

Two studies evaluated the utility of the EDA‐5. Study 1 compared the diagnostic validity of the EDA‐5 with the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) and evaluated the test–retest reliability of the new measure. Study 2 compared the diagnostic validity of an EDA‐5 electronic application (“App”) with clinician interview and self‐reported assessments.

Results

In Study 1, the kappa for EDE and EDA‐5 eating disorder diagnoses was 0.74 across all diagnoses (n = 64), with a range of κ = 0.65 for other specified feeding or eating disorder/unspecified feeding or eating disorder to κ = 0.90 for binge eating disorder. The EDA‐5 test–retest kappa coefficient was 0.87 across diagnoses. For Study 2, clinical interview versus App conditions revealed a kappa of 0.83 for all eating disorder diagnoses (n = 71). Across individual diagnostic categories, kappas ranged from 0.56 for other specified feeding or eating disorder/unspecified feeding or eating disorder to 0.94 for BN.

Discussion

High rates of agreement were found between diagnoses by EDA‐5 and the EDE, and EDA‐5 and clinical interviews. Because this study supports the validity of the EDA‐5 to generate DSM‐5 eating disorders and the reliability of these diagnoses, the EDA‐5 may be an option for the assessment of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. Additional research is needed to evaluate the utility of the EDA‐5 in assessing DSM‐5 feeding disorders. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:452–463)
Sexually selected UV signals in the tropical ornate jumping spider, Cosmophasis umbratica may incur costs from predation
Authors: Bulbert Matthew W. , O'Hanlon James C. , Zappettini Shane , Zhang Shichang , Li Daiqin
Published: January 2015

Sexually selected ornaments and signals are costly to maintain if they are maladaptive in nonreproductive contexts. The jumping spider Cosmophasis umbratica exhibits distinct sexual dichromatism with males displaying elaborate UV body markings that signal male quality. Female C. umbratica respond favorably to UV‐reflecting males and ignore males that have their UV masked. However, Portia labiata, a UV‐sensitive spider‐eating specialist and a natural predator of C. umbratica, is known to use UV reflectance as a cue when hunting prey. We investigated the cost of these UV signals in C. umbratica in terms of their predation risk. Under experimental conditions, three choice scenarios were presented to P. labiata individuals. Choices by P. labiata were made between male C. umbratica with and without the UV signal; a UV‐reflecting male and non‐UV‐reflecting female; and a UV‐masked male and female. The presence and absence of UV signals was manipulated using an optical filter. Portia labiata exhibited a strong bias toward UV+ individuals. These results suggest the sexually selected trait of UV reflectance increases the visibility of males to UV‐sensitive predators. The extent of this male‐specific UV signal then is potentially moderated by predation pressure. Interestingly though, P. labiata still preferred males to females irrespective of whether UV reflectance was present or not. This suggests P. labiata can switch cues when conditions to detect UV reflectance are not optimal.
Transistor Application of Phenacene Molecules and Their Characteristics
Authors: Kubozono Yoshihiro , He Xuexia , Hamao Shino , Teranishi Kazuya , Goto Hidenori , Eguchi Ritsuko , Kambe Takashi , Gohda Shin , Nishihara Yasushi
Published: January 2015

The characteristics of field‐effect transistors (FETs) fabricated from thin films and single crystals of phenacene molecules are fully reported in this review together with the electronic and crystal structures of phenacenes. Phenacene molecules possess a low HOMO level and a wide band gap. The highest mobility observed in the phenacene thin‐film FETs is 7.4 cm2 V–1 s–1 for [6]phenacene, and in single‐crystal FETs the highest value is 6.3 cm2 V–1 s–1 for [7]phenacene. The phenacene thin‐film FETs show O2‐sensing properties unlike their single‐crystal FETs. The bias‐stress effect is fully investigated for phenacene single‐crystal FETs. Furthermore, the low‐voltage operation of phenacene single‐crystal FETs with electric‐double‐layer (EDL) capacitors is reported. The temperature dependence of phenacene single‐crystal FETs is reported to clarify the transport mechanism, which is suggestive of band‐like transport.
Showing Good Conduct
Authors: Vashi Preeti
Published: January 2015

The highly topical field of Molecular Conductors is the subject of this cluster issue of EurJIC. Guest Editors Lahcène Ouahab and Takehiko Mori offer a collection of papers reflecting some of the latest stimulating developments in this field from leading researchers, especially from the viewpoint of inorganic chemistry. The Essay by Professor Gunzi Saito introduces the reader into the world of multifunctional conducting molecular materials.