bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subclinical Measures of Peripheral Atherosclerosis and the Risk of New‐Onset Atrial Fibrillation in the General Population: the Rotterdam Study
Authors: Geurts Sven , Brunborg Cathrine , Papageorgiou Grigorios , Ikram M. Arfan , Kavousi Maryam
Published: December 2021

Background

Limited population‐based data on the (sex‐specific) link between subclinical measures of peripheral atherosclerosis and new‐onset atrial fibrillation (AF) exist.

Methods and Results

Subclinical measures of peripheral atherosclerosis including carotid intima‐media thickness (cIMT), carotid plaque, and ankle‐brachial index (ABI) were assessed at baseline and follow‐up examinations. A total of 12 840 participants free of AF at baseline from the population‐based Rotterdam Study were included. Cox proportional hazards models and joint models, adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors, were used to determine the associations between baseline and longitudinal measures of cIMT, carotid plaque, and ABI with new‐onset AF. During a median follow‐up of 9.2 years, 1360 incident AF cases occurred among 12 840 participants (mean age 65.2 years, 58.3% women). Higher baseline cIMT (fully‐adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 95% CI, 1.81, 1.21–2.71;P=0.0042), presence of carotid plaque (fully‐adjusted HR, 95% CI, 1.19, 1.04–1.35;P=0.0089), lower ABI (fully‐adjusted HR, 95% CI, 1.57, 1.14–2.18;P=0.0061) and longitudinal measures of higher cIMT (fully‐adjusted HR, 95% CI, 2.14, 1.38–3.29;P=0.0021), presence of carotid plaque (fully‐adjusted HR, 95% CI, 1.61, 1.12–2.43;P=0.0112), and lower ABI (fully‐adjusted HR, 95% CI, 4.43, 1.83–10.49;P=0.0007) showed significant associations with new‐onset AF in the general population. Sex‐stratified analyses showed that the associations for cIMT, carotid plaque, and ABI were mostly prominent among women.

Conclusions

Baseline and longitudinal subclinical measures of peripheral atherosclerosis (carotid atherosclerosis, and lower extremity peripheral atherosclerosis) were significantly associated with an increased risk of new‐onset AF, especially among women.

Registration

URL:https://www.trialregister.nl,https://www.apps.who.int/trialsearch/; Unique identifier: NL6645/NTR6831.
The Metaphors of Conscientia in Seneca’s Epistles
Authors: Németh Attila
Published: December 2021

Seneca’s masterful application of metaphors often illuminates some Stoic technical terminology in contexts, which render them meaningful and familiar to his Roman readers. In this paper I argue that in certain instances, these metaphors are also used to organize whole systems of concepts that refer to an essential theoretical component of Seneca’s philosophy. By studying the literary and philosophical context of these metaphors, I reconstruct Seneca’s requirement for moral self-improvement in his Epistles and propose that his conception of conscientia or ‘moral conscience’—a notion scattered throughout his writings but which, as the examination of his systematic metaphors will prove, has a consistent, identical function everywhere it appears—points to some novel rational characteristics of the philosopher’s conception of the self.
Exemplary Biography
Authors: Murray Jeffrey
Published: December 2021

Moving away from the nineteenth century’s concern with Quellenforschung, serious study of Valerius Maximus’ Facta et dicta memorabilia in the twentieth century produced a variety of different approaches to this Tiberian text of exemplary tales. One of the most interesting projects in this regard was produced by T.F. Carney, who scrutinised a key exemplar, Gaius Marius, across the work. In constructing a ‘biography’ from the exempla themselves, Carney’s labour contributed much to Roman history generally, but also pioneered a novel methodology for reading Valerius Maximus—one that was taken up and imitated by later scholars. This methodology, however, is not without problems, particularly in relation to the way that Valerius has shaped, structured, and arranged his work at the level of chapter. By building upon Carney’s methodology, but also considering the context of the individual chapters themselves, I provide in this paper a case study of the way in which Valerius writes the life of Marcus Tullius Cicero—a figure unique in the Facta et dicta memorabilia in being both exemplar and a major source for the work. In doing so, this article elucidates the process of ‘exemplary biography’.
Effect of host plants on the oviposition preference of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
Authors: Madhu T.N. , Mohan K. Murali
Published: December 2021

Pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders, 1843)) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is an important pest of cotton. We aimed to study the effect of different host plants on the oviposition preference of pink bollworm under laboratory conditions. Cotton (Bt and non-Bt), okra and hibiscus plants were used, which vary in morphological characteristics. Significant differences were observed in the density of trichomes and it is positively correlated with oviposition behaviour of pink bollworm. In a no-choice test, we recorded a higher number of eggs on Bt and non-Bt cotton plants. In two-, three- and four-choice experiments, pink bollworm preferred to deposit the maximum number of eggs on non-Bt cotton among other host plants. A substantially higher number of eggs were laid on Bt cotton in combinations with okra and hibiscus and a considerably lower number on non-Bt cotton. We recorded fewer numbers of eggs on hibiscus in all combinations. Overall, pink bollworm moths showed greater affinity towards non-Bt cotton plants and deposited the maximum number of eggs there. From the practical point of view, the development of cotton genotypes which are devoid or have a lesser density of trichomes may be a possible solution to reduce the pink bollworm egg load on cotton.
Diet reflects opportunistic feeding habit of the Asian water monitor (Varanus salvator)
Authors: Yu Xin , Mohd Zanudin Akalili B.T. , Rusli Mohd Uzair , Booth David T. , Lei Juan
Published: December 2021

The Asian water monitor (Varanus salvator) is a large generalist predator and scavenger lizard. This species has a widespread distribution throughout South and Southeast Asia and is frequently encountered around the edges of urban settlements. Here, we present information on diet diversity and habitat utilisation of a population of Asian water monitors inhabiting the University of Malaysia Terengganu campus located on the east coast of mainland Malaysia. The stomach contents of 30 Asian water monitors were examined by stomach flushing, and 47.6% of stomach contents was mangrove crab, 26.2% was human waste and 26.2% was other natural foods consisting of fruits, fishes, leeches, snails, birds and insects. We then recorded the locations and habitats utilised by patrolling the campus area and found Asian water monitors preferred to use water and mangrove forest habitats that fringed and crisscrossed the campus. The broad diversity of stomach contents reflected food available at this location and indicates the opportunistic feeding habit of this species. Given that this species widely distributed in Southeast Asia, its broad diet diversity and habitat variations may promote the adaptation of Asian water monitor to different environments.
Left Movements and the Army in Turkey (1961–71): The Case of the Yön-Devrim Movement
Authors: Şener Mustafa
Published: December 2021

Turkey’s long sixties started with a military coup (May 27, 1960) and ended with another military coup (March 12, 1971). During this period, there was an explosion in the number of radical left and socialist movements in Turkey. One of the leading left movements of the period was the Yön-Devrim movement. The most distinctive feature of this movement was the special role it placed on the military in the transition to socialism. In this article, we will focus on the relationship between the military and left/socialist politics during this period. To this end, we will examine the Yön-Devrim movement, specifically their approach to the military. In particular, we will examine why this movement imposed a “progressive” mission on the military, what kind of a transition a possible military coup would provide for socialism, and what role they envisioned for the army, and the bureaucracy in general, in the class struggle.
Women of ’68 and Their Experiences of Bargaining With Patriarchy
Authors: Beşpinar Zeynep
Published: December 2021

The main objective of this article is to elaborate on the narratives of women who were in leading positions in the ’68 student movement in Turkey and to grasp their experiences and strategies of bargaining with patriarchy. The analysis is based on six selected in-depth interviews I conducted in 2004 with prominent women figures of the movement. By using the theoretical framework offered by the works of Deniz Kandiyoti and Ayşe Durakbaşa, I make a comparison between the women of ’68 and the previous generation, namely the “daughters of the Republic”, in terms of their values, norms and relational patterns. Furthermore, I exhibit the continuities and discontinuities in strategies of bargaining with patriarchy between these two generations of women. Finally, I evaluate the change they triggered in the construction of womanhood and their impact on the next generations of women.
The Effects of Mandarin Chinese Lexical Tones in Sound–Shape and Sound–Size Correspondences
Authors: Chang Yen-Han , Zhao Mingxue , Chen Yi-Chuan , Huang Pi-Chun
Published: December 2021

Crossmodal correspondences refer to when specific domains of features in different sensory modalities are mapped. We investigated how vowels and lexical tones drive sound–shape (rounded or angular) and sound–size (large or small) mappings among native Mandarin Chinese speakers. We used three vowels (/i/, /u/, and /a/), and each vowel was articulated in four lexical tones. In the sound–shape matching, the tendency to match the rounded shape was decreased in the following order: /u/, /i/, and /a/. Tone 2 was more likely to be matched to the rounded pattern, whereas Tone 4 was more likely to be matched to the angular pattern. In the sound–size matching, /a/ was matched to the larger object more than /u/ and /i/, and Tone 2 and Tone 4 correspond to the large–small contrast. The results demonstrated that both vowels and tones play prominent roles in crossmodal correspondences, and sound–shape and sound–size mappings are heterogeneous phenomena.
A survey of lifespan in Winterschmidtiidae (Sarcoptiformes: Astigmata)
Authors: ZHANG ZHI-QIANG
Published: December 2021

The Winterschmidtiidae are a family of over 140 species of fungivorous, saprophagous, predatory and/or parasitic mites in insect/vertebrate nests, in decaying organic matter, in soils and on plants worldwide. In this review, I provide a survey of the immature developmental time, adult longevity and lifespan of the Winterschmidtiidae as part of the series on the lifespans in the Acari. The complete life cycle in this family includes five immature stages (the egg, larva, protonymph, deutonymph and tritonymph) and adult male/female, with deutonymphs lost in some genera such as Czenspinskia and Oulenziella. Development or lifespan data have been reported for only three species (< 3%) of the Winterschmidtiidae, and the experimentally measured lifespans of one to two months most likely reflect those of the summer generation. Afrocalvolia nataliae has two generations per year: the summer generation, which has no deutonymph stage, is mainly devoted to feeding and reproduction and lasts for one month only; the winter generation, however, has a deutonymph stage to resist the cold conditions and lasts for as long as 11 months.
The characteristics of lifespan in Cheyletidae and its response to environmental factors
Authors: ZHENG ZEHUI , XIA BIN
Published: December 2021

This paper provides a survey of a collection of references on life history studies of eight species in the family Cheyletidae. It reviews some factors (including sex difference, temperature, humidity and prey) that affect the development time and lifespan in Cheyletidae. This paper also analyzes the effects these biotic and abiotic factors on the growth and development of cheyletid mites.
„Gazeta Polska Bukowiny” jako źródło do badań współczesnej polszczyzny pisanej na Ukrainie
Authors: Krawczuk Ałła
Published: December 2021

The Magazine Gazeta Polska Bukowiny as a Source for the Study of Contemporary Written Polish in UkraineThis article presents the magazine Gazeta Polska Bukowiny [The Polish Gazette of Bukovina], which has been published in Ukraine since 2007, as a source for the study of contemporary written Polish under the conditions of its contact with other languages in Ukraine. The analysis is set against the background of research on the press of the Polish national minority in the country. The article offers a discussion of the advantages and prospects of the linguistic study of texts published in Gazeta Polska Bukowiny, including the use of the electronic corpus of this periodical as a research tool. The study outlines the characteristics of the magazine (time of publication, structure, topics of texts, their authors, editing) and, in the most general terms, the scope of deviations from the general Polish norm, which can be analysed on the basis of texts written by people of Polish descent. The linguistic specificity of these texts is more precisely illustrated on the example of case forms of nouns which deviate from their normative Polish equivalents. The author considers the potential impact of interference resulting from contact between Polish and Ukrainian and – directly or indirectly – Russian, which functions in Ukraine alongside the official language of the country. „Gazeta Polska Bukowiny” jako źródło do badań współczesnej polszczyzny pisanej na UkrainieCelem publikacji jest przedstawienie „Gazety Polskiej Bukowiny”, ukazującej się od 2007 roku na Ukrainie, jako źródła do badań nad współczesną polszczyzną pisaną w tym kraju w warunkach jej kontaktu z innymi językami. Na tle pokazania stanu badań nad językiem prasy polskiej mniejszości narodowej na Ukrainie omawia się zalety i perspektywy studiów językoznawczych prowadzonych na materiale tekstów „Gazety Polskiej Bukowiny”, w tym także z uwzględnieniem – jako narzędzia badawczego – utworzonego na potrzeby naukowe elektronicznego korpusu tego periodyku. Podaje się charakterystykę gazety (czas wydawania, struktura, zakres tematyczny publikacji, ich autorzy, redakcja) i najogólniej określa się zasięg odstępstw od ogólnopolskiej normy językowej, które można analizować na podstawie tekstów publikacji pisanych przez osoby polskiego pochodzenia. Dokładniej zaś specyfikę językową ilustruje się na przykładzie deklinacyjnych form rzeczownika odbiegających od normatywnych odpowiedników ogólnopolskich. Przytacza się komentarze o możliwych wpływach zewnątrzinterferencyjnych w wyniku kontaktów polszczyzny z językiem ukraińskim i – bezpośrednio lub pośrednio – rosyjskim, który aktywnie funkcjonuje na Ukrainie obok języka państwowego.
Report from the 13th International Conference on Researching and Applying Metaphor: "Metaphorical Creativity in a Multilingual World" (Hamar, Norway, 18–21 June 2020)
Authors: Ostanina-Olszewska Julia
Published: December 2021

Report from the 13th International Conference on Researching and Applying Metaphor: Metaphorical Creativity in a Multilingual World (Hamar, Norway, 18–21 June 2020)The RaAM 2020 conference on metaphor research was held online on 18–21 June 2020, hosted by the Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences (INN) in Hamar, Norway. The aim was to exchange ideas and research findings of historians, culture studies specialists, and cognitive linguists from all around the world. The theme of the event was Metaphorical Creativity in a Multilingual World, including the following areas: multimodal metaphor, metaphor in spoken discourse, metaphor in gesture, metaphor in cross-cultural communication, metaphor and translation, metaphor and film, metaphor in education. Among the large group of researchers, specialists from Lithuania and Latvia presented their findings in metaphor research based on local data (Lithuanian media, posters, advertisements and billboards, film translation into Lithuanian). Sprawozdanie z trzynastej międzynarodowej konferencji dotyczącej badania i zastosowania metafory pt. Metaphorical Creativity in a Multilingual World (Hamar, Norwegia, 18–21 czerwca 2020)Wirtualna konferencja naukowa RaAM 2020 poświęcona badaniom nad metaforą odbyła się w dniach 18–21 czerwca 2020 roku w Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences (INN) w Hamarze w Norwegii. Celem spotkania była wymiana myśli i wyników badań naukowych historyków, kulturoznawców i językoznawców kognitywnych z całego świata. Tematem konferencji była kreatywność metaforyczna w wielojęzycznym świecie i obejmował on następujące obszary: metafora multimodalna, metafora w dyskursie mówionym, metafora w gestach, metafora w komunikacji międzykulturowej, metafora i przekład, metafora i film, metafora w edukacji. Wśród licznych badaczy byli również specjaliści z Litwy i Łotwy, którzy zaprezentowali wyniki badań nad metaforą na podstawie danych ze źródeł krajowych (media litewskie, plakaty, reklamy i bilbordy, tłumaczenie filmów na język litewski).
„Sierp”, „Młot”, „Trybuna Radziecka”: tytuły polskojęzycznej prasy wydawanej w międzywojennym ZSRR
Authors: Dzięgiel Ewa
Published: December 2021

Sierp (The Sickle), Młot (The Hammer), Trybuna Radziecka (The Soviet Tribune): Titles of the Polish-Language Press Published in the Interwar USSRThis study is devoted to the titles of newspapers and magazines published in Polish in the USSR in 1918–1939. These periodicals are a reflection of a unique period – they were issued during the first decades after the 1917 revolution, under the conditions of state monopoly on information. The titles of newspapers and magazines had to conform to the single party line and ideology enforced in the USSR. The vocabulary used in the titles under scrutiny is discussed in the context of the features of Russian political propaganda at the time, as well as those of the Polish-language propaganda created on its basis. „Sierp”, „Młot”, „Trybuna Radziecka”: tytuły polskojęzycznej prasy wydawanej w międzywojennym ZSRRPrzedmiotem badania są tytuły gazet i czasopism publikowanych w języku polskim w latach 1918–1939 na terenie ZSRR. Periodyki te stanowią świadectwo szczególnej epoki – ukazywały się w pierwszych dekadach po rewolucji 1917 roku w warunkach państwowego monopolu informacyjnego. Tytuły gazet i czasopism zostały dostosowane do jednej linii politycznej i ideologicznej obowiązującej w ZSRR. Słownictwo wykorzystane w badanych tytułach prasowych zostało omówione na tle właściwości ówczesnej rosyjskiej propagandy politycznej i kształtującej się na jej wzór propagandy polskojęzycznej.
Dwujęzyczność polsko-niemiecka w powiecie pilskim, czarnkowsko-trzcianeckim i złotowskim: zarządzanie językiem w trzech pokoleniach na podstawie reprezentatywnych biografii językowych
Authors: Prawdzic Irena
Published: December 2021

Polish-German Bilingualism in the Piła, Czarnków-Trzcianka and Złotów Districts: A Study of Language Management in Three Generations Based on Representative Language BiographiesAs part of the project entitled “Language across generations: Contact induced change in morpho-syntax in German-Polish bilingual speech”, members of the research team conducted interviews in Polish and German with 124 bilingual persons in Poland and Germany, including 14 in the Piła, Czarnków-Trzcianka and Złotów districts. Before 1945, Piła and Złotów belonged to the German province of Pomerania, and when the borders were moved both towns became part of Poland. This brought a complete change of the social, geopolitical and language reality of the inhabitants of the region. In the People’s Republic of Poland, efforts were made to eliminate the German language. The situation changed again after the breakthrough of 1989, when the German minority in Poland was officially recognised. On the basis of three language biographies of people born in the 1920s, 1930s and 1950s, which are representative for the Piła-Złotów region, this study presents how the language ideology of linking one country with one language operated over three generations of speakers. It also considers language management at the micro level, taking into account the changes which occurred in 1945 and 1989. Dwujęzyczność polsko-niemiecka w powiecie pilskim, czarnkowsko-trzcianeckim i złotowskim: zarządzanie językiem w trzech pokoleniach na podstawie reprezentatywnych biografii językowychW ramach grantu „Pokoleniowe zróżnicowanie języka: zmiany morfosyntaktyczne wywołane przez polsko-niemiecki kontakt językowy w mowie osób dwujęzycznych” przeprowadzono wywiady ze stu dwudziestoma czterema osobami dwujęzycznymi w Polsce i w Niemczech w języku polskim i niemieckim, w tym w powiecie pilskim, czarnkowsko-trzcianeckim i złotowskim – z czternastoma osobami. Piła i Złotów należały przed 1945 rokiem do niemieckiej Prowincji Pomorza, a po przesunięciu granic oba miasta znalazły się w Polsce. Rzeczywistość społeczna, geopolityczna i językowa mieszkańców regionu całkowicie się zmieniła. W PRL dążono do wyeliminowania języka niemieckiego. Sytuacja ponownie uległa zmianie po przełomie 1989 roku, kiedy to uznano mniejszość niemiecką w Polsce. Na podstawie trzech biografii językowych osób urodzonych w latach 20., 30. i 50. XX wieku, reprezentatywnych dla regionu pilsko-złotowskiego, pokazano, jak na przestrzeni trzech pokoleń mówców funkcjonowała ideologia językowa łączenia jednego państwa z jednym językiem oraz przedstawiono zarządzanie językami na poziomie mikro z uwzględnieniem cezur czasowych 1945 i 1989 roku.
Лексичний регулятив дім в епістолярних текстах Лесі Українки й посланнях Андрея Шептицького
Authors: Богдан [Bohdan] Світлана [Svitlana] К. [K.] , Тарасюк [Tarasiuk] Тетяна [Tetiana] М. [M.]
Published: December 2021

The Lexical Regulative dim ‘home’ in Epistolary Texts by Lesia Ukraїnka and in Andreĭ Sheptytsʹkyĭ’s Pastoral LettersThis article is devoted to the features of actualisation of one of the most frequent lexical regulatives, which has a distinct archetypal character in the language paradigm of different nations and which is one of the most frequently used concepts in the functional-style system of the Ukrainian language – HOME. The study considers the actualisation of this concept in Ukrainian on the basis of lexicographic sources. It also identifies the main strands of research on the concept HOME which reveal the typological features of its explication in different languages: (1) home as an element of individual style in artistic texts; (2) home as a word stimulus in associative experiments conducted among the youth. The article is the first study investigating the common and distinctive features of the functioning of the lexical regulative dim ‘home’ in texts created by two well-known authors: Lesia Ukraїnka (epistolary texts) and Andreĭ Sheptytsʹkyĭ (pastoral letters). The analysis considers key lexemes which verbalise the concept HOME, identifies its core and peripheral nominations, and examines the functional specifics of the contexts of the occurrence of the lexemes dim/doma. Regulatyw leksykalny dom w tekstach epistolarnych Łesi Ukrainki oraz listach pasterskich Andrzeja SzeptyckiegoW artykule zbadano specyfikę leksykalną jednego z najczęstszych regulatywów, mających wyraźny archetypowy charakter w różnych językach i należący do najczęściej używanych konceptów w systemie funkcyjno-stylowym języka ukraińskiego – DOM. Rozpatrzono reprezentację tego konceptu w języku ukraińskim na materiale źródeł leksykograficznych; wskazano dwa główne kierunki dotychczasowych badań konceptu DOM ujawniające typologiczne cechy jego eksplikacji w językach narodowych: 1) jako elementu indywidualnego stylu w tekstach artystycznych; 2) jako słowa-klucze w eksperymentach asocjacyjnych wśród młodzieży. Po raz pierwszy przeanalizowano cechy wspólne i cechy odmienne funkcjonowania regulatywu leksykalnego dom w mowie dwóch znanych indywidualności językowych – Łesi Ukrainki (teksty epistolarne) i Andrzeja Szeptyckiego (listy pasterskie); określono podstawowe leksemy, które werbalizują koncept DOM, wyodrębniono nazwy jądrowe i peryferyjne; ustalono specyfikę funkcyjną kontekstów występowania leksemów dim/doma.
К изучению названий внебрачного ребенка в старославянском и чешском языках
Authors: Janyšková Ilona
Published: December 2021

On Designations for an Illegitimate Child in Old Church Slavonic and in CzechThis article is devoted to designations for an illegitimate child in Old Church Slavonic and in Czech. The study presents Czech expressions (especially dialectal), many of which have not as yet been mentioned in works dealing with this topic, and explains their semantic motivation and etymology. O nazwach nieślubnego dziecka w języku staro‑cerkiewno‑słowiańskim i czeskimNiniejszy artykuł jest poświęcony nazwom używanym na określenie dziecka z nieprawego łoża w języku staro‑cerkiewno‑słowiańskim i czeskim. Przedstawia nazwy czeskie (zwłaszcza formy dialektalne), z których wiele jak dotąd nie pojawiło się w pracach poświęconych tej tematyce, oraz wyjaśnia ich motywację semantyczną i etymologię.
The Power of 1989: New Perspectives on Revolutions
Authors: Wróblewska-Trochimiuk Ewa
Published: December 2021

The Power of 1989: New Perspectives on RevolutionsThis article is a review of The Long 1989: Decades of Global Revolution, a collective volume edited by Piotr H. Kosicki and Kyrill Kunakhovich, published in 2019 by CEU Press. O sile roku 1989. Nowe spojrzenia na rewolucjeTekst stanowi prezentację i recenzję publikacji The Long 1989: Decades of Global Revolution pod redakcją Piotra H. Kosickiego i Kyrilla Kunakhovicha, opublikowanej w 2019 roku przez wydawnictwo CEU Press.
Networking While Long-Term Unemployed: Why Long-Term Unemployment Will Likely Persist Long after the COVID-19 Pandemic Recedes
Authors: Sharone Ofer
Published: December 2021

By early 2021, due to the economic downturn accompanying the COVID-19 pandemic, over four million Americans were long-term unemployed (LTU). Getting rehired requires overcoming employer stigmas about LTU workers, which most LTU workers believe is most plausible with the help of referrals from social ties. While research on the structures and effects of networks abound, this paper examines the far less studied process of networking among LTU jobseekers. Exploring the networking process is imperative for understanding the emotional toll and structural obstacles facing LTU workers in the post–COVID-19 pandemic period. Going beyond individualizing explanations, I use in-depth interviews to uncover the structural conditions that make networking challenging for all LTU jobseekers. Contrary to static conceptualizations of ties as social capital, a metaphor implying that ties are static resources, this paper argues that more attention needs to be paid to the processes and structural conditions that facilitate or hinder the activation or formation of socialties. Specifically, it shows that, under conditions of precarity and stigma, networking can undermine workers’ identities as valued and moral, leaving them feeling discouraged and ethically challenged in a way similar to used car salespeople.
The Rising Relative Presence of Whites in Majority Non-White Cities
Authors: Sáenz Rogelio
Published: December 2021

After several decades of Whites fleeing large metropolitan areas, they are now increasingly gentrifying urban neighborhoods and communities. This analysis uses data from the 2000 decennial census and the 2012 and 2017 American Community Survey to assess the growing presence of Whites in U.S. cities. The analysis examines the extent to which Whites have experienced an increase in their percentage share of the populations of 212 majority non-White communities with 50,000 or more inhabitants over two time periods (2000 to 2008–2012 and 2008–2012 to 2013–2017). The results show that 39 communities have experienced an expanding relative presence of Whites in one or both periods. Whites generally are growing at a faster pace than Blacks and Latinos in these communities and there are large socioeconomic gaps favoring Whites. The article concludes with a discussion of the policy implications of the findings.
The Relationship between Serum Sodium, Serum Osmolality, and Intracranial Pressure in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury Treated with Hyperosmolar Therapy
Authors: Farley Paige , Salisbury Daniel , Murfee John R , Buckley Colin T , Taylor Catherine N , Doll Alissa , Polite Nathan M , Mbaka Maryann I , Kinnard Christopher M , Butts Charles Caleb , Simmons Jon D , Lee Yann‐Leei L
Published: December 2021

Background

Treatment of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) in traumatic brain injury (TBI) is controversial. Hyperosmolar therapy is used to prevent cerebral edema in these patients. Many intensivists measure direct correlates of these agents—serum sodium and osmolality. We seek to provide context on the utility of using these measures to estimate ICP in TBI patients.

Materials and Methods

Patients admitted with TBI who required ICP monitoring from 2008 to 2012 were included. Intracranial pressure, serum sodium, and serum osmolality were assessed prior to hyperosmotic therapy then at 6, 12, 18, 24, 48, and 72 hours after admission. A linear regression was performed on sodium, osmolality, and ICP at baseline and serum sodium and osmolality that corresponded with ICP for 6-72-hour time points.

Results

136 patients were identified. Patients with initial measures were included in the baseline analysis (n = 29). Patients who underwent a craniectomy were excluded from the 6-72-hour analysis (n = 53). Initial ICP and serum sodium were not significantly correlated (R2 .00367, P = .696). Initial ICP and serum osmolality were not significantly correlated (R2 .00734, P = .665). Intracranial pressure and serum sodium 6-72 hours after presentation were poorly correlated (R2 .104, P < .0001), as were ICP and serum osmolality at 6-72 hours after presentation (R2 .116, P < .0001).

Discussion

Our results indicate initial ICP is not correlated with serum sodium or osmolality suggesting these are not useful initial clinical markers for ICP estimation. The association between ICP and serum sodium and osmolality after hyperosmolar therapy was poor, thus may not be useful as surrogates for direct ICP measurements.
Sleep disturbances in early clinical stages of psychotic and bipolar disorders: A meta-analysis
Authors: Dondé Clément , Jaffiol Antoine , Khouri Charles , Pouchon Arnaud , Tamisier Renaud , Lejoyeux Michel , d’Ortho Marie-Pia , Polosan Mircea , Geoffroy Pierre A
Published: December 2021

Objective:

To provide a qualitative view and quantitative measure of sleep disturbances across and between early stages – clinical ultra high-risk and first episode – of psychotic and bipolar disorders.

Methods:

Electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, PsychINFO) were searched up to March 2021 for studies comparing sleep measures between individuals with an early stage and controls. Standard mean deviations (Cohen’s d effect sizes) were calculated for all comparisons and pooled with random-effects models. Chi-square tests were used for direct between-subgroups (ultra high-risk vs first episode) comparisons of standard mean deviations. The effects of age, sex ratio, symptoms and treatment were examined in meta-regression analyses.

Results:

A database search identified 13 studies that contrasted sleep measures between individuals with an early stage ( N = 537) and controls ( N = 360). We observed poorer subjective sleep quality (standard mean deviation = 1.32; 95% confidence interval, [1.01, 1.62]), shorter total sleep time (standard mean deviation =−0.44; 95% confidence interval, [−0.67, −0.21]), lower sleep efficiency (standard mean deviation = −0.72; 95% confidence interval, [−1.08, −0.36]), longer sleep onset latency (standard mean deviation = 0.75; 95% confidence interval, [0.45, 1.06]) and longer duration of wake after sleep onset (standard mean deviation = 0.49; 95% confidence interval, [0.21, 0.77]) were observed in early stages compared to controls. No significant differences were observed for any of the reported electroencephalographic parameters of sleep architecture. No significant between-subgroups differences were observed. Meta-regressions revealed a significant effect of the age and the antipsychotic status on subjective measures of sleep.

Conclusion:

The early stage population presents with significant impairments of subjective sleep quality continuity, duration and initiation. Systematic assessments of sleep in early intervention settings may allow early identification and treatment of sleep disturbances in this population.
What We Talk About When We Talk About Stakeholders
Authors: Johnson-Cramer Michael E. , Phillips Robert A. , Fadlallah Hussein , Berman Shawn L. , Elms Heather
Published: December 2021

Will stakeholder theory continue to transform how we think about business and society? On the occasion of this journal’s 60th anniversary, this review article examines the journal’s role in shaping stakeholder theory to date and suggests that it still has transformative potential. We conducted a bibliometric analysis of co-citations in the literature from 1984 to 2020. Reporting these results, we examine the field’s evolving structure. Contextualized theoretically as an accomplishment of institutional work—the creation of a meaningful and innovative field ideology—this structure is remarkable for how it integrates ethical and behavioral arguments, invites engagement from adjacent domains, and arrives at important insights for business and society. We advance a research agenda consistent with this larger institutional project.
Moral Intensity, Perceived Impacts, and Task Motivation: Evidence From Volunteers
Authors: Opoku-Dakwa Akwasi
Published: December 2021

Although work tasks often address substantive social issues, the effects of issue characteristics on task motivation are little understood. This study explores this topic by examining how the moral characteristics of an issue (moral intensity) affect motivation in tasks intended to address the issue (task motivation). Adopting the lens of work design theory, I hypothesize that moral intensity increases task motivation through the mediation of perceived task impacts on the community (perceived community impacts), and that this effect will occur after controlling for the effects of perceived task impact on the worker and their organization. In two studies in the context of volunteering I find that, rather than acting in parallel with other task impacts, the effect of moral intensity through perceived community impacts is fully mediated by perceived organization and self impacts in a three-stage mediation. These findings demonstrate the potential relevance of issue characteristics such as moral intensity to work design theory and shed new light on the psychological mechanisms through which perceived prosocial impacts promote task motivation. I discuss implications for research and practice.
‘Wars Begin in the Minds of Men’: Psychiatry and the Cold War Antinuclear Movement
Authors: Michaels Paula A.
Published: December 2021

This article analyzes the history of psychiatrists’ entwined efforts to understand the psychological effect of nuclear war’s threat and to disseminate those findings as a contribution to the antinuclear movement. The sub-specialty of ‘nuclear psychiatry’ sought: (1) to expose how avoidance, denial, and dehumanization set the conditions for the arms race and, potentially, nuclear war; (2) to explain the psychological consequences of nuclear war’s threat, particularly on children and adolescents. By enlightening leaders and the public about delusional, distorted thinking on the nuclear question and the rise of nuclear anxiety, psychiatrist-activists hoped to leverage their expertise for political ends. Connecting developments in the United States with those in Great Britain and the Soviet Union, this article draws on previously untapped archival and published materials, including research findings, media coverage, and internal documents from profession-based antinuclear organizations from the 1960s through the 1980s. In the process, it reveals the centrality of psy-disciplines to the history of the antinuclear movement and the Nuclear Age.
Time Periods Feel Longer When They Span More Category Boundaries: Evidence from the Lab and the Field
Authors: Donnelly Kristin , Compiani Giovanni , Evers Ellen R.K.
Published: December 2021

Seven experiments (total N = 3,509) and a large field data set (N = 1,820,671) demonstrate that time periods of equal duration are not always perceived as equivalent. The authors find that periods feel longer when they span more time categories (e.g., hour, month). For example, periods like 1:45 p.m.–3:15 p.m. and March 31–April 6 (boundary-expanded) feel longer than, say, 1:15 p.m.–2:45 p.m. and April 2–April 8 (boundary-compressed). Reflecting this, participants anticipated completing more work during boundary-expanded periods than during equivalent boundary-compressed periods. This effect appears to result from the salience and placement of time boundaries. Consequently, participants preferred scheduling pleasant activities for boundary-expanded periods and unpleasant activities for boundary-compressed periods. Moreover, participants were willing to pay more to avoid—and required more money to endure—a long wait when that wait was presented as boundary-expanded. Finally, data from more than 1.8 million rideshare trips suggest that consumers are more likely to choose independent rides (e.g., UberX) when they are boundary-compressed when the alternative shared option (e.g., UberPool) is boundary-expanded. Together, our studies reveal that time periods feel longer when they span more boundaries and that this phenomenon shapes consumers’ scheduling and purchasing decisions.
The Relationship Between Death Anxiety and Religious Coping Styles in Patients Diagnosed With COVID-19: A Sample in the East of Turkey
Authors: Özer Zülfünaz , Aksoy Meyreme , Turan Gülcan Bahcecioglu
Published: December 2021

This study was conducted to find out the relationship between death anxiety and religious coping styles in patients diagnosed with COVID-19. This cross-sectional and relational study was carried out with snowball sampling technique between May 15 and June 15, 2021. It was found that the participants had a mean Death Anxiety Scale total score of 10.42 [Formula: see text], they had a mean positive religious coping sub-scale score of [Formula: see text] and a mean negative religious coping sub-scale score of 12.82 [Formula: see text]. Statistically significant positive association was found between Death Anxiety Scale and Religious Coping Questionnaire’s both positive and negative coping sub-scale scores ( p < .05). It was found that patients diagnosed with COVID-19 had high level of death anxiety and positive religious coping styles. It was also found that death anxiety levels increased in the patients as their use of positive and negative coping increased.
Missed and Delayed Preventive Health Care Visits Among US Children Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lebrun-Harris Lydie A. , Sappenfield Olivia R. , Warren Michael D.
Published: December 2021

Objective:

The COVID-19 pandemic led to a substantial drop in US children’s preventive care, which had not fully rebounded by the end of 2020. We sought to estimate the overall prevalence of missed, skipped, or delayed preventive checkups among households with children in the last 12 months because of the pandemic.

Methods:

We used data from the US Census Bureau’s Household Pulse Survey, Phase 3.1 (collected April–May 2021). The analytic sample included 48 824 households with ≥1 child or adolescent aged <18 years. We estimated both national and state-level prevalences, examined associations with sociodemographic and household characteristics, and described reasons for missed or delayed preventive visits.

Results:

Overall, 26.4% (95% CI, 25.5%-27.2%) of households reported that ≥1 child or adolescent had missed or delayed a preventive visit because of COVID-19; percentages varied by state, from 17.9% in Wyoming to 37.0% in Vermont. The prevalence of missed or delayed preventive visits was significantly higher among respondents who reported material hardships (ie, not caught up on rent/mortgage, difficulty paying usual household expenses, children not eating enough because of lack of affordability) than among respondents who did not report material hardships. The most common reasons for missing or delaying preventive visits were concern about visiting a health care provider, limited appointment availability, and the provider’s location being closed.

Conclusions:

Programs and policies could reduce gaps in children’s preventive care caused by the pandemic, with a particular focus on addressing social determinants of health.
COVID-19 Case Investigations Among Federally Quarantined Evacuees From Wuhan, China, and Exposed Personnel at a US Military Base, United States, February 5-21, 2020
Authors: Chuey Meagan R. , Stewart Rebekah J. , Walters Maroya , Curren Emily J. , Hills Susan L. ,   COVID-19 Miramar Response Team Working Group, Moser Kathleen S. , Staples J. Erin , Braden Christopher R. , McDonald Eric , Abe Chris , Arrouzet Cory , Austin Brett , Bajema Kristina L. , Bertulfo Mary Catherine P. , Beshearse Elizabeth , Bjork Adam , Borntrager Denise , Bosso Eileen T. , Braden Zachary H. , Brewer Lauren , Brown Clive M. , Burton Jordan C. , Campbell Stefanie B. , Cetron Martin S. , Clements Crystal , Cooper Barbara M. , De La Motte Hurst Christopher , Dubray Christine L. , Harris Marshall , Hendrickson Alan , Jacobs Jesica R. , Johnson William , Kadzik Melissa E. , Kao Annie S. , King Bradley , Manlutac Anna Liza , Marcenac Perrine , McDonald Robert , Pesik Nicki , Prestel Christopher , Reddy Sujan C. , Rose Dale A. , Rotz Lisa D. , Smith Paul W. , Stolp Amber , Torriani Francesca J. , Watt James P. , Wilson Kathryn , Wogec John
Published: December 2021

In February 2020, during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, 232 evacuees from Wuhan, China, were placed under federal 14-day quarantine upon arrival at a US military base in San Diego, California. We describe the monitoring of evacuees and responders for symptoms of COVID-19, case and contact investigations, infection control procedures, and lessons learned to inform future quarantine protocols for evacuated people from a hot spot resulting from a novel pathogen. Thirteen (5.6%) evacuees had COVID-19–compatible symptoms and 2 (0.9%) had laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2. Two case investigations identified 43 contacts; 3 (7.0%) contacts had symptoms but tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Daily symptom and temperature screening of evacuees and enacted infection control procedures resulted in rapid case identification and isolation and no detected secondary transmission among evacuees or responders. Lessons learned highlight the challenges associated with public health response to a novel pathogen and the evolution of mitigation strategies as knowledge of the pathogen evolves.
A clinical trial comparing BiVap (Richard Wolf®) saline vaporization of the prostate vs. TwisterTM Diode Laser System in the treatment of benign prostatic obstruction between prostate volume 90 to 150 ml
Authors: Karakose Ayhan , Yitgin Yasin
Published: December 2021

Introduction

To evaluate the efficacy, safety and postoperative outcomes of the BiVap and Twister systems with benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) in prostate volüm between 90–150 ml.

Methods

In total, we included 131 patients treated with BiVap system (n = 68) and Twister system (n = 63). Postoperative complications including urinary tract infection, transient hematuria, severe dysuria and fever >38° C, urinary incontinence and urethral stricture were also noted. All patients were evaluated at the postoperative 1st, 3rd, 6th and 12th month and preoperative and postoperative values of IPSS score, QoL score, total PSA, IIEF 15, PVR, Qmax and Qave were compared.

Results

Preoperative demographic characteristics were similar in the 2 groups. There was observed significant improvement for IPSS, Qmax, Qave, PVR, and QoL score by the postoperative first month compared to the preoperative values in both groups. Maximum improvement in the IPSS, Qmax, Qave, QoL score and PVR were achieved at postoperative 6, 3, 12, 3 and 12th months respectively in group 1. In group 2 maximum improvement in the same parameters were achieved at postoperative 6, 3, 6, 6 and 12th months, respectively.

Conclusions

BiVap and Twister systems are safe, effective, and useful technique, which can be used in the surgical treatment of BPO between 90–150 ml.
Opportunistic Avoidance of Litigation Loss Accruals and the Mitigating Effects of Auditors
Authors: Huang Hsin-Yi , Lohwasser Eric , Yu Zhiyuan , Chang Hsihui
Published: December 2021

We find that firms with preliminary earnings that are expected to just meet analyst forecasts are more likely to only disclose (i.e., not accrue) litigation loss contingencies, claiming that the litigation event falls below the qualitative thresholds necessitating accrual. We also find that this opportunistic treatment of a subjective estimate is reduced when firms’ auditors have expertise in the defendant’s industry or have experience auditing litigation contingencies. Furthermore, we find that opportunistic disclosure usage increases when firms are more economically important to auditors’ client portfolios. Our results are robust to a series of additional tests. We provide evidence to support the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board’s (PCAOB) call for increased auditor professional skepticism toward management bias and opportunism when evaluating subjective estimates.
Notes from the Field: The Construction of a Logistical Model for Sports-Related Injury Risk Assessment. A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study
Authors: Ahmedov Shahin , Oytun Musa , Yaman Lesinger Figen
Published: December 2021

Handball is a high-intensity contact sports activity characterized by repetitive movements, leading to sport-specific muscle patterns. However, at some stage, this pattern may turn into imbalance, predisposing athletes for injuries. The complexity of muscular interactions often makes it difficult to see a whole picture of an athlete’s postural disorders and assess them within the framework of his stereotyped movements. We attempted to find an association between the muscle pattern and the number of injuries in a limited group of handball players by constructing a static logistical model. The constructed decision table of the static logistical model included seven conditional attributes of the muscle imbalance as preconditions for injury development and one decision attribute representing the number of experienced injuries of 25 university handball players. The findings displayed a sport-specific pattern of muscle alignment in athletes without or only one injury. However, all players with repetitive injuries had unilateral m. gluteus maximus weakness. In the latter case, impaired core body musculature can lead to increased share forces and stress for the gluteus maximus muscle leading to weakness of this crucial dynamic stabilizer. The logistical model allowed defining muscle imbalance associated with sports-related injuries in a limited group of athletes.