bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical properties of beech wood treated with malic acid-based polyester
Authors: Chabert Adèle Jane , Fredon Emmanuel , Florez Daniela , Durand Alain , Rémond Romain
Published: November 2024

While chemical modification enhances wood’s resistance to deterioration and dimensional stability, it often results in alterations to the mechanical properties, limiting its engineering applications. This study focuses on the in situ esterification of beech wood using malic acid/polyol mixtures and evaluates its impact on mechanical properties. The results of the compression tests yielded limited information, characterized by a notable degree of variability as indicated by the high standard deviation. The four-point bending tests conducted here revealed an increase in the modulus of elasticity (MOE). However, this improvement in MOE was accompanied by a decrease in the modulus of rupture (MOR), indicating a trade-off between stiffness and strength. To better understand the mechanisms affecting the treated wood’s mechanical properties, we compared the experimental and theoretical glass transition (Tg) of the polymers with material stiffness. X-ray computed tomography revealed that treatment increases specimen density and creates a gradient, with higher density near the surface, potentially contributing to increased stiffness. These findings suggest a nuanced impact of the in situ esterification process using malic acid/polyol mixtures on the mechanical properties of beech wood.
Proper names as speech acts
Authors: Capone Alessandro
Published: November 2024

In this paper, I question the idea that proper names are merely used to refer to things or individuals. However, I am not going to use predicativism to prove this point. I will somehow look at things from the point of view of scholars like Frege or Kripke. I consider that this idea (that proper names are merely used to refer, at least when they are in argument positions) stems from a view of language that does not throw proper light on contextuality as discussed by Mey, Jacob. 2001. Pragmatics. Oxford: Wiley. From the very beginning, I argue that the issue can be seen in a better light through a theory of language use that considers language games as embedded in a society and a culture. I accept the idea that there are norms for introducing names in society and for using them in an appropriate way. Even if, for most philosophers, referring is the basic function of proper names, I propose that in a number of cases proper names are not essentially used to refer (although it is possible that the name allows a combination of referring and other functions). The referring function of names broadly correlates with the assertive function of the utterance in which the name occurs or with speech acts whose aim is to modify reality and, therefore, persuade, modify, create, promote, destroy, etc. objects or individuals (often referred to with proper names). However, there are other types of speech acts where proper names are not only used to refer, but, instead, to call someone (another case is scolding someone or a dog). Intentions clearly emerge in context. The same utterance may have more than one function, from the illocutionary point of view, but a proper name, as situated in different contexts, may have more than one perlocutionary function. I argue that while the speech act of referring is always a diagonal speech act, the speech act of calling someone (by the use of a proper name) is not a diagonal speech act but a self-sufficient, autonomous, primary speech act. Hence there is a clear difference between referring through an assertion and referring as part of calling, where referring is incorporated into the main speech act as part of the explicit illocutionary force of the speech act. In an assertion, referring is a prerequisite to providing a referent about which a property is asserted. Predication and reference are intertwined. In a speech act other than an assertion, there need not be a predicate, and referring and calling (or some other speech act) are connected. I propose that the learning of the speech act of calling by the use of a name requires certain syntactic considerations, that prima facie contradict Chomsky’s binding theory. I then put forward the view that learning one’s name requires, at some stage, knowledge of the semantics of de se structures.
How Does Jade Dynasty Become a Big IP? Mapping Digital Media Ecology in Contemporary China
Authors: Liu Shasha
Published: November 2024

Jade Dynasty (Zhuxian) emerged as one of the pioneering and most celebrated online novels of the early 2000s in China. First serialized online in mainland China around 2002 and later published as a book series in Taiwan between 2003 and 2007, JD has been expansively adapted across various media forms, including video games (from 2007 to the present), TV dramas (2016), films (2019), and animation series (starting from 2022). Scholars acknowledge it as a pioneer in the transmedia adaptation of Chinese online novels, highlighting its significant IP (intellectual property) impact. In the realm of transmedia storytelling, scholars have pointed out different production modes, including media convergence, media mix, and “affective modules” regulated by digital platforms. Referring to the emphasis on media connections made in the studies of media mix and the issue of intermediality indicated in IP, this paper investigates the digital media ecology manifested in the transmedia system of the Jade Dynasty. By examining the online fantasy novel in the early 2000s, the video game in the mid-2000s, and the animation series in the 2020s, this study argues that each stage represents significant turning points in the contemporary Chinese digital media industry.
The World is the “Hometown” of the Camera: Interview with Jia Zhangke
Authors: Wang Bingbing
Published: November 2024

In this interview, director Jia Zhangke shares the background and thought process behind his latest documentary Swimming Out Till the Sea Turns Blue (Yizhi Youdao Haishui Bianlan, 2021). Through the lens of rural literature, the film narrates 70 years of China’s social changes since 1949, featuring four writers – Jia Pingwa, Yu Hua, Liang Hong, and Duan Huifang, the daughter of Ma Feng – as the storytellers. The film explores the evolving relationship between urban and rural China and individual life experiences across different historical periods. Jia Zhangke emphasizes that the hometown is not only the starting point of creation but also a spiritual destination. He discusses the cultural value of dialects and traditional opera, highlighting that cinema should convey core Chinese stories through local narratives to preserve societal memory.
Human Capital and Growth in Arctic Regional Economies: Evidence, Policies and Institutional Perspectives
Authors: Coudriet Carter N. , Reinert Kenneth A.
Published: November 2024

The Arctic is a region known for its natural resource endowments and challenging climate. However, evidence from elsewhere suggests that human capital development might also be vital to Arctic economic growth. This article explores the role human capital plays in economic development in the Arctic through analysis of Arctic regional demographic and economic data. The available data preliminarily suggests that human capital stock growth in Arctic regions – as represented by the population with higher education – correlates more closely with economic growth than growth in the general population. The analysis is less conclusive on physical capital development’s connection to economic development as it is with human capital growth. Based on these findings, the article also highlights Arctic-centered institutions and policies that seek to bolster the Arctic region’s human capital stock.
Optimization of kraft pulping process for Sesbania aculeata (dhaincha) stems using RSM
Authors: Das Surabhi , Rani Anita , Gahlot Manisha , Kapoor Sakshi , Sisodia Nidhi , Sharma Arvind
Published: November 2024

The shortage of superior grade wood fibers is a prime problem faced by Indian pulp and paper industries. As a result, the pulp and paper industry find it difficult to withstand the competition in the market, which had grown extremely competitive. In order to increase the utilization of non-wood fibers resources in the production of high quality eco-friendly papers, dhaincha, a non-wood fiber resource has potential industrial application. In this research, pulp and paper were developed from Sesbania aculeata stem using kraft pulping followed by bleaching. Optimization of conditions for pulping was carried out by Response Surface Methodology. The relationship between three variables and three responses were studied using Box–Behnken experimental design. The developed pulp was evaluated for kappa number, brightness index, viscosity, FTIR and TGA. Then paper was developed by using optimized pulp and evaluated for physical properties. The statistical analysis (ANOVA) was carried out in order to establish the relationship between the concentration of NaOH, Na2S, treatment time and temperature with kappa number, brightness index and viscosity. The physical properties of pulp and developed handmade paper highlights the sustainable use of dhaincha plant in pulp and paper industry.
Mechanistic insights into traditional Chinese medicine for digestive tract cancers: implications for gastric, hepatic, esophageal, intestinal, and pancreatic tumors
Authors: Zhu Yong-fu , Liu Chang , Wang Ya-dong , Xu Jing , Ma Jia , Zhang Hao , Zhang Peng-cheng , Zhang Dong-wei , Xia Li-ming , Song Hang , Huo Xing-xing
Published: November 2024

The increasing incidence of cancer-related deaths highlights the pressing need for effective treatment modalities, particularly in the context of digestive tract cancers, such as gastric, hepatic, esophageal, intestinal, and pancreatic tumors. While conventional drug therapies play a critical role in managing these malignancies, their associated side effects often pose significant challenges to patient quality of life. Thus, there is a growing focus on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and its compounds, which are safe, non-toxic, and reliable. During anti-tumor therapy, TCM compounds, based on their multi-target, multi-pathway, and multi-level regulatory effects, fully mobilize multiple mechanisms of the body, presenting significant advantages in inhibiting tumor development, boosting patient welfare, and increasing their lifespan. This article reviews the mechanisms by which TCM inhibits tumor cell proliferation, promotes tumor cell death, suppresses tumor cell invasion and metastasis, regulates the tumor microenvironment, inhibits angiogenesis, and enhances anti-tumor drug resistance. This knowledge might provide a theoretical and scientific basis for preventing and treating tumors using TCM.
Advancements in transition metal-catalyzed 1,2,3-triazole synthesis via azide–alkyne cycloaddition
Authors: Ullah Arif , Wahab Abdul , Ahmad Sadaf , Khan Shahab , Mukherjee Somnath , Islam Rehmat , Abbasi Bakar Bin Khatab , Ismail Mostafa A. , Bukhari Kareem Shah
Published: November 2024

1,2,3-triazoles have emerged as important structural motifs in chemical biology, attracting increasing focus in recent years because of their wide range of uses. These compounds can be efficiently synthesized using click reactions. Its versatility makes it valuable in drug discovery and materials science. Significant advancements have been made in recent years in the process of making 1,2,3-triazoles, reflecting the growing curiosity and investment in the area of research. The catalytic performance of transition metals Cu, Ir, Rh, Ru, Ni, Pd, Au, Ag, and Zn, which were used as ligands and salts in the azide–alkyne cycloaddition method of 1,2,3-triazole synthesis, has been covered in this review. Cu-complexes and salts were found to be more effective for selective synthesis among all transition metals. Furthermore, it is determined that some azide–alkyne reactions are entirely catalytic in nature and cannot be carried out as such by switching transition metals.
Icelandic regional pronunciation, attitudes and real-time change: Latest developments
Authors: Friðriksson Finnur , Angantýsson Ásgrímur , Bade Stefanie
Published: November 2024

In this paper we present selected results from the first data collection phase of the Regional Pronunciation, Attitudes and Real-Time Change (RePARC) research project together with results from two pilot studies that preceded the project. The article focuses on four regional variants of phonological variables, i.e., so-called hard speech and voiced pronunciation, which are primarily associated with the north-eastern part of Iceland, and so-calledhv-pronunciation and monophthongal pronunciation, which are regarded as south-eastern features. Informants from two different age groups and three different regions (northern Iceland, southern Iceland, and a so-called neutral area) did a pronunciation test, listened to and gave their attitudinal responses to recordings of speech exhibiting features different from those of their own speech, and answered a questionnaire on their attitudes towards their own pronunciation variants. The results indicate that both voiced pronunciation andhv-pronunciation are fading out, while monophthongal pronunciation and, in particular, hard speech are maintained in their respective core areas. With regard to attitudes, it appears that participants generally consider speech that contains northern features to be clearer than speech that does not. Similarly, participants appear to find these northern features to be more easily recognisable, and at the same time, these features seem to be more closely linked to speakers’ self-identity than other regional features.
Self-restraint (
bathutēs
) and Personal Reconciliation in Cicero’s Letters
Authors: Hall Jon
Published: November 2024

This paper examines the role of bathutēs (“verbal self-restraint” or “forbearance”) in Cicero’s handling of personal disputes and grievances. In a letter to Atticus (Att. 5.10.3), Cicero suggests that such restraint can help to ease the minor tensions that often arise in a provincial governor’s day-to-day business. Linguistic caution can also defuse disputes between acquaintances and family members, as evident in Cicero’s dealings with Hortensius Hortalus (Att. 4.6.3) and estranged nephew Quintus (Att. 13.42). In both cases Cicero overlooks valid grievances in order to facilitate reconciliation in the future.
Rights of nature, indigenous communities and land property: legal perspectives from Latin America
Authors: Berros María Valeria
Published: November 2024

This article presents some dialogues between the recognition of rights of nature, indigenous communities and land property rights in the context of Latin American legal innovations in recent years. To do so this paper is framed within a socio-legal perspective that involves the analysis of a corpus of documents made up of regulatory texts at national and local level, including constitutions, laws, and ordinances related to the topics as well as relevant court rulings.
Improving the functionality of biosensors through the use of periodic and quasi-periodic one-dimensional phononic crystals
Authors: Albargi Hasan B. , Sayed Ahmed G. , Hajjiah Ali , Almawgani Abdulkarem H. M. , Alqhtani Haifa A. , Bin-Jumah May , Abukhadra Mostafa R. , Jalalah Mohammed , Elsayed Hussein A. , Mehaney Ahmed
Published: November 2024

Resonant acoustic band gap materials have steered a new sensing technology era. This study is presented to investigate of the one-dimensional (1D) phononic crystals (PnCs), involving periodic, as well as quasi-periodic 1D layered PnCs represented as a highly sensitive biosensor to detect and monitor the quality of milk. In this regard, the numerical findings show that the examined periodic PnCs structure outperformed the quasi-periodic structure. In particular, it provides a wider phononic band gap and greater sensitivity as well. In addition, the quasi-periodic design (especially Fibonacci sequence S4) introduces multiple resonance peaks via transmission spectra, which may lead to some conflicts during the detection process. The findings reveal that the frequency of the resonant peak can effectively change with varied milk solution concentrations and temperatures. The optimized sensor is capable of differentiating between concentrations ranging between 0 and 50 % with a 10 % step, and it can also differentiate between temperatures, which range between 5 °C and 50 °C. This makes it ideal for precise detection of other liquids and solutions. The sensor performs efficiently for all milk solution concentrations. Here, the findings demonstrated that the examined defective PnC structure exhibited the most favorable sensitivity of the value of 94.34 MHz, so it showed the highest sensitivity when varying milk concentrations. In addition, the configurated sensor provided high QF and FOM values of 3,853.645161 and 157.42, respectively. On the other hand, the sensor performs very well for all temperatures of the milk solution. As such, the S
4 quasi-periodic structure is characterized as the optimal sensor structure when varying temperatures, introducing a sensitivity of 4.78 MHz/°C, QF of 4,278.521, and FOM of 7.48 °C−1.
Locating al-Qadisiyyah: mapping Iraq's most famous early Islamic conquest site
Authors: Deadman William M. , Jotheri Jaafar , Hopper Kristen , Almayali Rajwan , al-Luhaibi Ahmed A. , Crane Anthea
Published: November 2024

The Battle of al-Qadisiyyah (c. AD 637/8) was a crucial victory by the Arab Muslims over the forces of the Sasanian Empire during the early Islamic conquests. Analysis of satellite imagery of south-west Iraq has now revealed the likely location of this important historic battle.
The Relationship between Democracy and Foreign Direct Investment in East Asia
Authors: Kim Hayam , Kim Dohee
Published: November 2024

Has progress toward democracy affected the level of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows to East Asia? Existing research presents conflicting theoretical perspectives on the effect of democratic institutions on FDI. One thread suggests that democratization will lead to more FDI inflows; a second argues for less; and a third argues there may be no effect. We explore whether political institutions impact FDI flows to East Asia by empirically assessing the relationship between the two phenomena. Using three-stage least-squares estimation to account for endogeneity and pooled annual time-series data from 1975 to 2018 for 13 East Asian countries, we find that democratic institutions are associated with higher levels of inward FDI. The results are robust across alternative measures of FDI and democracy. We conclude with a discussion of policy implications.
The synthesis, characterization, and thermal properties of a titanium (III) amidinate compound and its potential as a single chemical vapor deposition precursor for N/C-doped TiO2 film
Authors:   Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Xuchang University, Xuchang, 461000, China, Zhang Y. , Ju Z. ,   Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Xuchang University, Xuchang, 461000, China, Yao C. ,   Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Xuchang University, Xuchang, 461000, China, Liu L. ,   Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Xuchang University, Xuchang, 461000, China, Zhang X. ,   Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Xuchang University, Xuchang, 461000, China, Xing J. ,   Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Xuchang University, Xuchang, 461000, China, Cheng L. ,   Hefei ADChem Semi-Tech.Co.,Ltd., Hefei, 230000, China
Published: November 2024

A titanium(III) amidinate compound had been successfully obtained using a salt elimination reaction between TiCl3(3THF) and [Li(i Prn BuAMD)] in a 65% yield, and the characterization of the compound was conducted using various characterization methods. The reported compound’s thermal performances were studied through thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and the result indicated that the reported titanium(III) amidinate compound exhibited a suitable volatility, high thermal stability, and sufficient vapor pressure. Furthermore, film material deposit was performed in a CVD reactor under low pressure, and a N/C-doped TiO2 film was successfully deposited.
“Jew Yankel”: Three Versions of Dostoevsky’s “Finished Drama”
Authors: Viktorovich Vladimir
Published: November 2024

Only F. M. Dostoevsky’s brief message speaks about the completion of his play “Jew Yankel” in January 1844. The article formulates three hypotheses/assumptions about the content of the drama. The first correlates the writer’s idea with the literary tradition of portraying a Jewish moneylender, laid down by Shakespeare (“The Merchant of Venice”), Walter Scott (“Ivanhoe”), Pushkin (“The Miserly Knight”) and Gogol (“Taras Bulba”). The humanizing effect of V. Scott’s novel is emphasized. The second version associates Dostoevsky’s Yankel exclusively with the homonymous character from Gogol’s story, first published in 1835. It is proposed to take into account the author’s revision of the story for the 1842 edition, in which Yankel, in the process of building up the epic potential of the work, is endowed with a powerful vital resource and rises to the role of the antagonist of the title character. The third hypothesis refers to the trial of the Jews in the town of Velizh, who were accused of the ritual murder of a Christian child and acquitted many years later. Yankel Aronson died under investigation, which was conducted by inhumane methods. Evidence is provided to confirm that Russian society became aware of these events. The painful end of the Jewish youth could serve as a source of drama, structured with a focus on the writings that made a strong impression on Dostoevsky at that time: “The last day of a man sentenced to death” by V. Hugo and the melodrama “Ugolino” by N. Polevoy. All three versions confirm that pity was not only one of young writer’s motives, but also the ontological basis of his creative universe. The scientific significance of each of the proposed hypotheses also lies in the fact that their deployment allows to expand the understanding of the potential sources of the writer’s work, to reveal an unknown or little-known historical and cultural context of his early, least studied period.
Impact of an Inpatient Social Needs Screening Program: Did Our Referral Resolve Your Need?
Authors: Lax Yonit , Pacheco Angelica , Yost Emma , Mathai Melvin , Silver Michael , Vasan Aditi , Coria Alexandra
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the effectiveness of social resource referrals after social needs screening among caregivers of pediatric inpatients by assessing (1) the rates of resource connection, (2) caregiver perception of resource helpfulness, (3) barriers to connection, and (4) resolution of needs.

METHODS

We conducted a cross-sectional survey of families discharged from our pediatric inpatient floor between October 2021 and June 2022 who had screened positive for unmet social needs and received a referral to at least 1 community resource during their hospitalization. We surveyed caregivers by telephone 1 month to 1 year post-intervention, inquiring about their perception of and experience with referrals. We compared responses across groups using χ2 tests. Multivariable logistic regression was used to predict the likelihood of resource connection based on race, ethnicity, language, and insurance type.

RESULTS

Of 361 families that screened positive for social needs and received a referral, 219 (61%) completed surveys. A total of 50.2% (110/219) of caregivers connected to at least 1 community resource, and 30.6% (67/219) connected to all referrals. Of 515 referrals, 315 (61.2%) did not result in resource connection. The most frequent barrier was families not recalling receiving the referral (44.8%, 141/315). Of 200 referrals that resulted in resource connection, 152 (76%) were helpful and 120 (60%) resolved the need. Non-Hispanic or Latino ethnicity predicted connection to resources.

CONCLUSIONS

Screening hospitalized children for social needs can result in meaningful resource connections. In our population, language, race, and insurance did not impact connection to resources. However, two-thirds of referrals did not result in resource connection.
2024 American Heart Association and American Academy of Pediatrics Focused Update on Special Circumstances: Resuscitation Following Drowning: An Update to the American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care
Authors: McCallin Tracy E. , Dezfulian Cameron , Bierens Joost , Dunne Cody L. , Idris Ahamed H. , Kiragu Andrew , Mahgoub Melissa , Shenoi Rohit P. , Szpilman David , Terry Mark , Tijssen Janice A. , Tobin Joshua M. , Topjian Alexis A.
Published: November 2024

Drowning is the third leading cause of death from unintentional injury worldwide, accounting for 7% of all injury-related deaths. In the United States, drowning is the leading cause of death in children 1 to 4 years of age and second leading cause of death due to unintentional injury in those aged 5 to 14 years. Drowning generally progresses from initial respiratory arrest due to submersion-related hypoxia to cardiac arrest; thus, it can be challenging to distinguish respiratory arrest from cardiac arrest because pulses are difficult to accurately palpate within the recommended 10-second window. Therefore, resuscitation from cardiac arrest due to this specific circumstance must focus on restoring breathing as much as it does circulation. Resuscitation from drowning may begin with in-water rescue breathing when safely provided by rescuers trained in the technique and should continue with chest compressions, in keeping with basic life support guidelines, once the drowned individual and the rescuer are in a safe environment (eg, dry land, boat).

This focused update incorporates systematic reviews from 2021 to 2023 performed by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation related to the resuscitation of drowning. These clinical guidelines are the product of a committee of experts representing the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Heart Association. The writing group reviewed the recent International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation systematic reviews, including updated literature searches, prior guidelines related to resuscitation from cardiac arrest following drowning, and other drowning-related publications from the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Heart Association. The writing group used these reviews to update its recommendations aimed at resuscitation from cardiac arrest following drowning in children.
АТОМНО-АБСОРБЦІЙНЕ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ КОБАЛЬТУ В КУХОННІЙ СОЛІ ТА РОЗСОЛАХ
Authors: Юрченко Олег І. , Черножук Тетяна В. , Кравченко Олексій А. , Бакланов Олександр М.
Published: November 2024

Досліджено екстракцію кобальту у вигляді діетилдитіокарбамату метилізобутилкетоном та хлороформом із розчинів кухонної солі. Встановлено, що заважаючий вплив хлориду натрію починається за використання метилізобутилкетону з 50 г/дм3, а за використання хлороформу – з 90 г/дм3. Показано, що фульвокислоти у концентрації понад 12.0 мг/дм3 занижують результати визначення кобальту, що робить кількісне визначення неможливим без руйнування розчинних органічних сполук. Запропоновано для руйнування розчинних органічних речовин кобальту використовувати дію ультразвуку частотою 18–44 кГц та інтенсивністю ≥ 5 Вт/см2 протягом не менше 60 с. Встановлено, що за використання екстракційної системи діетилдитіокарбамат натрію – метилізобутилкетон нижня межа визначення кобальту становить 0.90 мг/кг, що недостатньо для аналізу реальних об’єктів кухонної солі. Під час використання екстракційної системи діетилдитіокарбамат натрію – хлороформ нижня межа визначення кобальту дорівнює 0.04 мг/кг, що недостатньо для визначення кобальту в вакуум-випарній кухонній солі. Досліджено вплив концентрацій поверхнево-активних речовин на величину аналітичного сигналу в ході атомно-абсорбційного визначення кобальту. Показано, що максимальна чутливість визначення кобальту досягається за умови використання водних розчинів Тритон Х-100 (ω = 5 %). Водночас чутливість визначення кобальту підвищується у 1.53 рази. Розроблено методику визначення кобальту в кухонній солі та розсолах. Межа виявлення кобальту – 0.026 мг/кг.
ПОТЕНЦІАЛ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ КАВОВОЇ ГУЩІ У ТЕХНОЛОГІЯХ ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНИХ ПРОДУКТІВ ХАРЧУВАННЯ. ОГЛЯД
Authors: Сукманов Валерій О. , Сукманов Олександр В. , Комар Олексій М. , Юдіна Тетяна І.
Published: November 2024

Аналітичний огляд проведено за інформацією, наведеною у 336 статтях, книгах, законах, патентах та публікаціях в Інтернеті, які включено до баз даних Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed і Google Scholar з використанням широкого спектру пошукових термінів, зокрема кавова гуща, харчова цінність, біологічно активні сполуки, харчові продукти, функціональні властивості, здоров’я споживача, терапевтичні ефекти. Зростання світового споживання кави та масове утворення кавової гущі (КГ), яка містить велику кількість цінних органічних сполук, є потужним антиоксидантом та має позитивний вплив на здоров’я людини, призвело до необхідності комплексного вивчення властивостей КГ та технологій її використання у харчовому виробництві. В роботі проведено аналітичний огляд наукової літератури, узагальнено наявну інформацію про хімічний, мінеральний склад КГ, вміст амінокислот, вуглеводів, небілкових азотистих сполук, кофеїну, ліпідів, мінералів та фенольних сполук, харчових волокон, інших біологічно активних речовин, які можуть ефективно використовуватися в різних галузях харчової промисловості. Узагальнено дані про функціональні властивості КГ та її антиоксидантний потенціал, пористість, гранулометричний склад КГ, мікробіологічну безпечність КГ, що дозволяє позиціонувати цей продукт як сировину для надання бажаних функціональних властивостей харчовим продуктам. Наведено приклади використання КГ в технологіях продуктів функціонального призначення. Проаналізовано вплив вживання деяких біологічно активних сполук КГ на здоров’я людини, що дозволяє обґрунтовано використовувати КГ в технологіях різних продуктів функціонального призначення з потужними терапевтичними ефектами та позитивним впливом на здоров’я споживачів.
Cobertura de planos de saúde
Authors: Silvana Risson Ranna Darla , Renita Burg Maria , Leonardo Schuster Andrei , Franccesca Brandalise Bassani Bárbara , Roberto Cardoso Consoni Paulo , Elisabete Bairros de Camargo Miria
Published: November 2024

O atual sistema de saúde brasileiro é formado por uma rede de prestadores e tomadores de serviços no âmbito da assistência pública e privada, conforme descreveu Paim et al. (2011), sendo composto por três subsetores: o subsetor público, no qual os serviços são financiados e providos pelo Estado nos níveis federal, estadual e municipal; o subsetor privado (com fins lucrativos ou não), no qual os serviços são financiados de diversas maneiras com recursos públicos ou privados; e, por último, o subsetor de saúde suplementar, regulado pela Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar (ANS) com diferentes tipos de planos privados de assistência à saúde.
Designing health messages for older adults
Authors: Worthington Amber , Howell Britteny , Mahanna Allexis , Musa Najma
Published: November 2024

One motivator for improving older adults’ diet and exercise may be perceptions of hope; however, little is known about what factors influence hope in older adults and what linguistic features can subsequently be used in strategic messages to increase older adults’ feelings of hope. Using Persuasive Hope Theory (PHT), this study examined whether older adults’ self-reported self-efficacy and perceptions that improving their diet and exercise are important, possible, congruent with their goals (i.\,e., goal congruence), and will lead to a better future (i.\,e., future expectation) influence self-reported feelings of hope. A convenience sample of older adults (N\,=\,58) in Southcentral Alaska completed a questionnaire. A multiple regression analysis revealed that importance and future expectation significantly and positively predicted feeling hopeful about fruit and vegetable intake; possibility, goal congruence, and self-efficacy did not. The PHT variables for increasing exercise did not significantly predict feeling hopeful about increasing exercise. Participants’ reasons for feeling hopeful included excitement and motivation about a supportive environment; some participants reported not feeling hopeful due to perceived frailty or illness. These results are an important first step towards understanding what factors and subsequent hope-based language choices motivate older adults to engage in positive health behaviors via feelings of hope.
Comparative analysis of diatom testing and histopathological examination in lungs: An experimental study in Wistar rats
Authors: Dervišević Emina , Čamdžić Nina , Mašić Ermin , Dervišević Amela , Bešić Aida , Ajanović Zurifa , Dervišević Muamer , Šuta Nedim , Kuskunović-Vlahovljak Suada
Published: November 2024

Microscopic signs indicative of drowning are not specific to drowning but also to any other form of suffocation where mechanical obstruction is involved. Our study aimed to evaluate both macroscopic and microscopic findings across different groups sharing a common mechanism of death but differing causes and to compare the diatom test with pathohistological examination.

Twenty-nine adult Wistar rats, weighing within recommended ranges, were divided into four groups (L1–L4). The diatom test followed established guidelines for diatoms in water from the Bosna River. Microscopic examination revealed diatoms in the lungs of rats in L3 and L4 groups. Pathohistological findings showed varying degrees of changes including consolidation and inflammatory cell infiltration, dominated by lymphocytes and macrophages, with some samples also showing eosinophilic leukocytes.

Significant differences were observed between animals whose cause of death was mechanical asphyxia (suffocatio) and those that were submersed for1 hour versus those that were submersed for 72 hours after death. Diatoms identified in group L4 samples 3, 4, and 5 included Navicula sp. (U3 and U6) and Ulnaria ulna (U4).

Our findings suggest combining the diatom test with pathohistological analysis to support a drowning diagnosis. Further examination of other organs could enhance result reliability.
A Middle Palaeolithic workshop at Andornaktálya-Marinka site (Northeast Hungary)
Authors: Kerekes Dalma , Cserpák Ferenc , Mester Zsolt
Published: November 2024

Although many Palaeolithic open-air sites are known on the foothills of the Bükk Mountains near Eger, Andornaktálya-Marinka was only discovered in 2014 thanks to new vine plantations on a hilltop. It was prospected regularly until 2019, and a test excavation was carried out in 2018. The archaeological material consists of a few undiagnostic prehistoric ceramic sherds and daub fragments, and 1706 stone artefacts. Except two fragments of polished axes, the lithic assemblage contains knapped stones. The paper presents the analysis of the lithic assemblage. This demonstrates the characteristics of an ‘older’ flake industry using almost exclusively local and regional raw materials, and those of a ‘younger’ blade industry working with long-distance ‘northern’ flints. The ‘older’ can be attributed to the Middle Palaeolithic Bábonyian, while the ‘younger’ should be related to Early Upper Palaeolithic Aurignacian or even to a Late Neolithic or Copper Age occupation.
Új módszerek és eszközök alkalmazási lehetőségeinek vizsgálata talajszennyezések kockázatának feltárásában
Authors: Szűcs-Vásárhelyi Nóra , Dobor József , Pátzay György , Rékási Márk
Published: November 2024

A talajokat érintő káresemények hatékony kezelése nemzetvédelmi szempontból alapvető jelentőséggel bír. Egy ilyen helyzetben a döntéshozatalt elősegítő, a szennyezés felmérésére és a kárhely in situ vizsgálatára alkalmas, gyors eljárásra lenne szükség, a talajegészségre vonatkozó adatok interpretációjával kiegészítve. A proximal soil sensing (PSS) és az ökotoxikológia kombinálása a talajbiztonság területén új, optimalizált megközelítést jelent. A kutatás során in situ alkalmazható, roncsolásmentes eszközöket (ún. proximal soil sensing) használtunk a kijelölt mintaterületen. A talaj-ökoszisztéma érzékenységének vizsgálatára ökotoxikológiai teszteket, talajoszlop- és mikrokozmosz-kísérleteket állítottunk be.
Utilisation of coal bottom ash in zero carbon footprint pavement-quality geopolymer concrete
Authors: Singh Sandeep , Sharma Shashi Kant , Akbar Mohammed Abdul
Published: November 2024

Worldwide demand for natural fine aggregate (NFA) in the construction sector has skyrocketed in recent decades, and supplies of NFA are becoming more scarce. At the same time, thermal power plants produce massive quantities of coal bottom ash (CBA), which has adverse environmental impacts. However, studies have shown that CBA can be used as a replacement for NFA in concrete preparation. In this study, the fresh and mechanical properties, durability characteristics and fatigue life of pavement-quality geopolymer concrete (PQGPC) mixes prepared with the partial addition of CBA as partial NFA replacement were investigated. After 28 days of curing, the compressive and flexural strengths of a PQGPC mix with the use of 30% CBA (GPC-30) were in accordance with the requirements for rigid pavements. Furthermore, compared with the regular PQGPC mix, GPC-30 had a 2% lower endurance limit against fatigue at two million cycles at different stress levels (0.55, 0.60, 0.65 and 0.70). Even though GPC-30 was found to have 19% lower flexural strength than the regular PQGPC, the fatigue life was comparable. The use of CBA to prepare ‘green’ PQGPC pavements not only lessens the reliance on NFA but also reduced the need for landfill.
Mechanism and optimisation of sintered ultra-lightweight aggregates with sand washing slurry and red mud
Authors: Li Jiawei , Jiang Jin , Wang Ying
Published: November 2024

Sand washing slurry (SWS), red mud (RM) and sawdust are major solid wastes produced by the construction, mining and wood processing industries, respectively. The accumulation of these wastes poses significant environmental hazards and is a substantial waste of resources. In this study, a novel rapid sintering method was used to prepare ultra-lightweight ceramsite aggregates (ULC) using SWS, RM and sawdust as raw materials, achieving a utilisation rate of the SWS exceeding 60%. ULC aggregates with a loose bulk density of 264.3 kg/m3 were produced. The influence of material formulation on the performance of the ULC aggregates was studied. The phase changes and expansion mechanism of the ULC aggregates were examined from microscopic and chemical perspectives. The synergistic effect of RM and sawdust significantly enhanced the foaming effect of the ceramsite (i.e. porosity), reducing its loose bulk density while slowing the rate of strength reduction. Additionally, increasing the contents of RM and sawdust promoted ceramsite expansion. When the mass ratio of SWS, RM and sawdust was 29:12:1, with a hematite (Fe2O3) content of 13% and sawdust content of 3%, preheating at 500°C for 5 min followed by sintering at 1150°C for 5 min produced ULC with a compressive strength of 1.7 MPa. This study provides a promising method for producing ULC aggregates from industrial solid wastes.
Semantic Web–assisted progress monitoring of crane operations in construction projects
Authors: Hu Songbo , Wang Junlin , Fang Yihai
Published: November 2024

The rising importance of cranes in modern construction has led to the need for more efficient crane monitoring and operational management. Previous studies have focused on acquiring crane monitoring data through Internet of Things (IoT) devices. However, they offer limited data reasoning capacity and only understand a few particular construction activities with distinct patterns. These limitations restrict the applicability and generalisability of crane monitoring systems in real-world projects. This study proposes a Semantic Web-based method to enhance the reasoning of crane monitoring data by correlating as-is and as-planned information of crane operations from different IoT devices and information systems. The proposed method was validated through laboratory experiments, where the transient crane behaviours during a 242.7-second lift operation were accurately detected with an average error of 0.32 seconds, and all recognised lifts were successfully matched to the six lift orders. The outcome of this study is expected to advance crane lift monitoring and management practices, leading to increased crane utilisation and project performance.
Analysing crash severity on expressways in India: statistical and machine learning models
Authors: Kumar Parveen , Jain Jinendra Kumar , Singh Gyanendra
Published: November 2024

The high injury severity of traffic crashes on Indian expressways is a significant concern for road safety experts, although studies dedicated to this critical issue are limited. The present study investigates the factors influencing crash severity using multinomial logit (MNL), decision tree (DT) and random forest (RF) models on a dataset of 2747 crashes on three selected expressways. The dependent variable, crash severity, had four injury severity categories: fatal, severe, minor and property damage only (PDO). Various explanatory variables included traffic and speed characteristics, temporal and geometric characteristics, primary contributing factors, crash type and the vehicles involved. Synthetic minority oversampling (SMOTE) and randomised class balancing (RCB) techniques were also employed to tackle the class imbalance issue in the dataset. The predictive performance of models was evaluated using classification accuracy and kappa value. The RF model showed the highest predictive accuracy on the RCB dataset. The key findings highlight the critical need for enforcement of speed limits and entry restrictions, lane discipline and improvement of design deficiencies, such as provisions of truck lay-bys and bus bays. These measures can help in policy-making and engineering improvements to enhance road safety on expressways in India.
Misprocessing of α-Galactosidase A, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, and the Unfolded Protein Response
Authors: Živná Martina , Dostálová Gabriela , Barešová Veronika , Mušálková Dita , Svojšová Klára , Meiseles Doria , Kinstlinger Sara , Kuchař Ladislav , Asfaw Befekadu , Poupětová Helena , Vlášková Hana , Kmochová Tereza , Vyleťal Petr , Hartmannová Hana , Hodaňová Kateřina , Stránecký Viktor , Steiner-Mrázová Lenka , Hnízda Aleš , Živný Jan , Radina Martin , Votruba Miroslav , Sovová Jana , Trešlová Helena , Stolnaja Larisa , Reková Petra , Roblová Lenka , Honsová Eva , Rychlík Ivan , Dvela-Levitt Moran , Bleyer Anthony J. , Linhart Aleš , Sikora Jakub , Kmoch Stanislav
Published: November 2024

Key Points

The clinical significance of a number of missense variants of α-galactosidase A is often ambiguous.

Defective proteostasis of some missense α-galactosidase A variants induced chronic endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response may explain clinical manifestations of non-classic Fabry disease.

Background

Classic Fabry disease is caused by GLA mutations that result in loss of enzymatic activity of α-galactosidase A, lysosomal storage of globotriaosylceramide, and a resulting multisystemic disease. In non-classic Fabry disease, patients have some preserved α-galactosidase A activity and a milder disease course. Heterozygous female patients may also be affected. While Fabry disease pathogenesis has been mostly attributed to catalytic deficiency of mutated α-galactosidase A, lysosomal storage, and impairment of lysosomal functions, other pathogenic factors may contribute, especially in nonclassic Fabry disease.

Methods

We characterized the genetic, clinical, biochemical, molecular, cellular, and organ pathology correlates of the p.L394P α-galactosidase A variant that was identified initially in six individuals with kidney failure by the Czech national screening program for Fabry disease and by further screening in an additional 24 family members.

Results

Clinical findings in affected male patients revealed a milder clinical course, with approximately 15% residual α-galactosidase A activity with normal plasma lyso-globotriaosylceramide levels and abnormally low ratio of these values. None of the four available kidney biopsies showed lysosomal storage. Laboratory investigations documented intracellular retention of mutated α-galactosidase A with resulting endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response, which were alleviated with BRD4780, a small molecule clearing misfolded proteins from the early secretory compartment. We observed similar findings of endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response in five kidney biopsies with several other classic and non-classic Fabry disease missense α-galactosidase A variants.

Conclusions

We identified defective proteostasis of mutated α-galactosidase A resulting in chronic endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response of α-galactosidase A expressing cells as a contributor to Fabry disease pathogenesis.