bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Need for a Change in Assessing Non-English Major Students at the Tertiary Level from Teachers’ Perspectives
Authors: Le Tuyen Van
Published: November 2016

Assessment is one of the six main components of an English as a foreign language (EFL) curriculum. It plays an important role in language education. Having the right techniques to assess students certainly supports learning. However, whether an institution or a department has an appropriate policy of assessing students, and a teacher has effective assessment techniques or not needs to be investigated through teachers’ opinions as well as real classroom observation. This paper aimed to explore how non-English major students were assessed regarding classroom assessment and achievement tests and whether the applied assessment techniques were effective or not. This study was conducted at the tertiary level through the use of two instruments: “open-response questionnaire” with six experienced EFL teachers and observations of six classes at three universities in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The findings revealed that very few classroom assessment techniques were used during the class and achievement tests did not meet their qualities such as validity and authenticity. The findings of the study provide administrators and EFL teachers with both theoretical and practical implications in student learning assessments at the tertiary level in Vietnam.
An Investigation into EFL In-Service Teachers’ Beliefs toward Teaching Methodologies
Authors: Farmanlu Musa , Abdolmanafi-Rokni Seyed Jalal
Published: November 2016

The present study was an attempt to investigate the EFL in-service teachers’ beliefs toward teaching methodologies and its possible relationship with age and gender. To achieve this aim, a questionnaire consisting of individual background and beliefs toward English teaching methodologies (the Audiolingual Method and Communicative Language Teaching) designed by Chen (2005) was employed. It was given to 252 in-service English teachers (136 female, 116 male) working as English teachers in the educational department and institutes. The findings showed that the EFL in-service teachers considerably preferred CLT to the Audiolingual Method. Moreover, the results showed that the male and female teachers had equal methodology and the level of methodology is not different in different age groups. The information provided in the present research can be helpful for teachers, policy holders of institutes and material developers. This study has also some implications for the researchers interested in teacher’s education studies.
Down from the Pedestal! —A Chronological Look at the Philosophy of SLA
Authors: Shakouri Nima , Nazar Ogholgol
Published: November 2016

Second language acquisition (SLA) is viewed as the appropriation of several voices reflecting different perspectives. To make a major shift in our understanding of what the domain of SLA should be and what kind of theory should be developed entails thorough understanding of what happens in the history of SLA and relinquishing our absolute trust in the epistemology of a given school of thought. The purpose of present paper is to have a chronological review of the three main schools of scientific movements in SLA in harmony with their related philosophy.

 

 
The Mistranslation of James Legge in A Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms from Eco-Environment Translation Theory
Authors: Li Mingxin
Published: November 2016

Fo Guo Ji, known as A Record of Buddhistic Kingdom, was written by Chinese Monk Fa Xian in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. It is more a travel documentary than an exotic sceneries miracle stories; and place-legends. It has been regarded as one of the most significant classics that probed into the South Asian culture, religion. This paper deals with James Legge’s English translation of Fo Guo Ji from the perspective of translation ecology. Eco-translatology is put forward by Michael Cronin and met with new result when Hong Kong scholar Hu Gengshen put the three properties of language, to be exact, the characteristics of variability of language in both language structure and context is possible, it follows negotiability in the process of using language and the adaptability is required in eco-environment setting. In light of eco-translation theory, this paper aims at exploring the factors influencing James Legge’s English translation by analysizing the text as well as providing a new angle to interpret James Legge’s translation to Chinese classics.
Moving in a Gyre: A Discourse Analysis of President Rouhani’s De Facto Inaugural Speech
Authors: Sahragard Rahman , Moghadam Meisam
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study is to critically analyze the discourse of the de facto inaugural speech presented by president Rouhani while receiving his presidential percept from the leader, to seek the ideology beyond his speech and to detect the point that to which of discourses, reformists’ or principalists’, Rouhani’s discourse belong to. Based on Dijk’s socio-cognitive model of critical discourse analysis the selected corpus’ ideological and persuasive components are assessed. To this end and based on the model, the historical, political or social background of the election is discussed firstly. Then, the political groups and parties, specifically reformists and principalists, their ideologies and power relations are elaborated. Finally, based on the examination of all formal structure, lexical choice and syntactic structure, the presupposed and the implied notions are made explicit, to determine the ideology beyond the formal text. Comparing the extracted notions from the speech with the polarized viewpoints of two political parties, it was concluded that Rouhani tried to keep the golden middle path while presenting his ideas, trying to introduce himself a moderate person and base all his plans on moderation. His speech revealed the strategies to move in a gyre of ideas trying to avoid condemning any party or person of eminence in line to keep all parties in one line to make his move.
Current Trends in ELT and Affordances of the Inverted CLIL Approach
Authors: Finardi Kyria Rebeca
Published: November 2016

The aim of the study is to review current trends in English Language Teaching (ELT) technologies and methodologies to analyze affordances of an approach proposed by Finardi (in press) and called the Inverted CLIL approach. With that aim, the study reviews ELT technologies and methodologies in general and the Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) approach with the use of Massive Online Open Courses (MOOCs) and the Inverted Classroom approach in particular. A teaching project based on the Inverted CLIL approach to teach Sustainability through English as a foreign language is elaborated as an example. Results of the study suggest that technologies have a crucial role in language teaching and should be critically incorporated in ELT methodologies. Moreover, the analysis of the Inverted CLIL approach suggests that it represents a relevant alternative for ELT and a good example of the incorporation of technology in current ELT methodologies.
Dylan Thomas’s 18 Poems: The Poet’s Articulate Voice
Authors: Bharadwaj S.
Published: November 2016

In 18 Poems, Dylan Thomas’s search for rhymes around the poles is really a quest for the significant voice of poetry. At one level, the poem articulates the poet’s craving for home and the assurance that this resemblance of a home provides. But it reveals a deeper concern, a quest for and commitment to human reality; and for Thomas, reality is now identified with the paradoxical poetry of Yeats in contrast to Auden’s intellectual art. Linda M. Shires holds that “what is remarkable is the originality and intensity with which” his themes such as birth and death, process and decay, are introduced. To Walford Davies, Thomas’s early poetry, while offering “the reader only an impenetrable enigma” is “difficult and obscure in an individual way”. John Ackerman explains that the paradoxical attitude of Thomas in 18 Poems “occasions much of the obscurity … the images, however, are usually grouped by a sturdy advancing rhythm”. In the study of Thomas’s 18 Poems, the critics whose focal point is more on obscurity and musical setting hardly discuss his search for poetic image. Hence, this paper, adopting a figurative study, strives to unfold the meaning of the poet’s dramatic language suggestive of the Yeatsian articulate voice that contradicts the Word-centric articulate silence of Auden.
Second Language Learners’ Family Background and Their English Writing Competence: The Case of a Private Tertiary Institution in Ghana
Authors: Owusu Edward , Agor John , Amuzu Evershed Kwasi
Published: November 2016

This work assesses the effects of family background of second language learners on their academic writing competence in English. A cursory study of some examination scripts of first-year students reveals some poor writing skills of students in areas such as concord, spelling, capitalization, and fragmentation errors.30 participants were selected from a class of 121 students from the Ghana Baptist University College, a private institution in Kumasi, Ghana. Initially, the class of 121 was sorted out into three groups—those who said they used only English at home, those who said they used only Ghanaian language(s) at home, and those who said they used both English and Ghanaian language(s) at home. Each group was further divided along gender lines and 5 students from each of the 6 sub-groups were picked randomly. The participants were then made to write a sit-in assessment on a topic and were graded by an independent assessor. The findings of the study reveal that the performance of the bilingual English and Ghanaian language learners outweighed those of their contemporaries. The study also revealed a positive correlation between attitudes of parents about English and learners’ academic writing skills. These have pedagogical and theoretical implications for the teaching and learning of English as a second language in Ghana. Language proficiency involves the development of skills in listening, speaking, reading, and writing. All these four aspects of language development are equally vital in the language learning process, but the current paper focuses on the development of writing skills by second language learners of English in Ghana.
Zero Marking in English as Lingua Franca Interactions: Corpus IST-Erasmus
Authors: Önen Serap
Published: November 2016

This study introduces the marking system for 3rd person present tense in English as Lingua Franca interactions. It is a corpus study which is compiled as part of a PhD study to investigate the lexico-grammatical characteristics of ELF. The corpus, Corpus IST-Erasmus, consists of 10 hours 47 minutes of recorded ELF interactions. It is compiled by means of 54 speech events with the participation of 79 Erasmus students in Istanbul, representing 24 diverse L1s. The focus of this paper is to present whether there are variations from standardized ENL forms with respect to the 3rd person present tense marking, as proposed in previous ELF research. The results indicate that the use of 3rd person zero in place of 3rd person -s is becoming an emerging pattern in ELF interactions.
Does Binary Classification of Motivation Carry Weight (Note 1)
Authors: Liu Donghong , Shen Zhu
Published: November 2016

With the population of postgraduates increasing in China, their academic study has attracted the attention of second language acquisition researchers. But the research into postgraduates’ motivation and autonomy is unfortunately scarce. This study explores the relationship between learning motivation and learner autonomy among English-major postgraduates based on the questionnaire administered to 117 participants. In view of the complicatedness of the postgraduates’ academic study, both intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivations were further divided into two types. The results show that: 1) four types of motivation differ significantly and the strongest is motivation for job; 2) although each type of motivation positively correlates with the perceived autonomy, yet only type of intrinsic motivation and one type of extrinsic motivation has predictive power for the perceived autonomy. It indicates that binary classification of motivation does not work well in predicting the postgraduates’ perceived autonomy.
A New Model of Adult Transformative Learning: Contextualizing Spiritual Intelligence (SQ) Theory
Authors: White Stephen R.
Published: November 2016

In 1978, Jack Mezirow divulged the theory of adult transformative learning. For over thirty-years, transformative learning theory has inspired a considerable amount of empirical research and theoretical musing. The primary focus of this research has been exploring ways to expand the transformative learning process in adult education. The objective of this study is to extend the theoretical exploration of transformative learning by advocating a new model of the transformative learning process that contextualizes empirical research findings of neurologists, cognitive scientists and psychologists that is being termed here collectively as spiritual intelligence (SQ) theory.
Political Agendas for Education: From Race to the Top to Saving the Planet
Authors: Diego Daniel
Published: November 2016

Amidst the transition from No Child Left Behind (NCLB) to the Common Core State Standards (CCSS), the book, Political Agendas for Education: From Race to the top to saving the planet by Joel Spring has discussed issues such as the impact of Race to the Top, the influence of Teach for America (TFA), teacher evaluation and merit pay, Republican reaction and rejection of Race to the Top and the education agenda of the Obama administration, and the benefits reaped by the growing for-profit industry on the United States (U.S.) education system. Simultaneously, the 5th edition has comparatively analyzed Libertarian and Green Party agendas along with the main stream political agendas which have dominated education in the U.S. Furthermore, this book has highlighted aspects of education reform which emphasize environmental sustainability, social and educational equity and freedom with the goal of human and societal health and wellbeing.
Improving Reading Comprehension for Students with ADHD
Authors: E. Keller Clayton , H. Abuelhassan Hadeel
Published: November 2016

Students with Attention Deficits Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) have difficulties in reading comprehension. This paper reviews literature on how deficits in three types of attention (coming to attention, selective attention, and sustain attention) affect reading comprehension. In addition, the paper reviews three strategies for reading comprehension that follow Self-Regulation Strategy Development (SRSD) model (RQ, TWA, and TWA-WS). The strategies are designed for students with ADHD. The paper argues that TWA is more effective than RQ because it helps students with ADHD use the three types of attention more effectively while reading. Finally, the paper calls for more research that examine the effect of TWA strategy using SRSD model in the Arab world. This is because students who speak Arabic as a first language are different from students who speak English as a first language in terms of the structure of the two languages (i.e. there are two versions of Arabic: Dialect and Standard).
Political Literacy for Women’s Empowerment in Botswana: A Feminist Perspective
Authors: Raditloaneng Wapula N.
Published: November 2016

This article serves to illuminate that Botswana’s political landscape in the last 49 years has been very dramatic in the trend of women’s visibility in cabinet and parliament. Post independence trends indicate non-existence of women in the first Botswana parliament, a gradual increase in the number of women in parliament during the 1990s, ranging from 5 to 8, and a sharp collapse in the last decade to only 6 in 2014 (Botswana Gazette, 2014). Women, just like men, need to be groomed to be politically literate and aggressive to make a transition and compete with their male counterparts for parliamentary and cabinet seats. Women’s political illiteracy and history of being invisible in Southern African parliaments, particularly the highest decision-making organ of the Government of Botswana, is evident, based on numbers. Politics has remained a male province, with very few women as cabinet ministers or members of parliament.

Based on an analysis of trends in the political landscape in Botswana, political ethnography, historiography and the Critical Third World Feminist Theory, the authors argue that lack of political literacy and patriotism are major sources of women’s failure to make it to parliament. These pose implications for accelerated role of Adult Continuing and lifelong education of women in politics to raise their level of political literacy.
Okonkwo’s Fall: Multiple Perspectives
Authors: Varadharajan T S , Ramesh Dr. K.
Published: November 2016

This article aims at exploring the causes of the fall of Okonkwo, the protagonist of the Nigerian Novel. Things Fall Apart by the renowned novelist, Chinua Achebe. Though the novel mainly deals with the fall of Igbo Culture where Okonkwo has played the sheet anchor role in the novel, Things Fall Apart at the hands of British establishment in Nigeria, the other vital reasons that make him vulnerable will also be discussed at length in this article. It is from the study of the novel, it is established that the Igbo society that refuses to change itself could be one of the reasons for the fall. However, it is very clear that the changes should take place spontaneously and not by force which the Igbo society has been the victim and the representative, Okonkwo its scapegoat. The writers of the article make sure that the reading of this article will be an eye opener in terms of Nigerian consciousness as revealed in the novel, Things Fall Apart.
Factors Militating against Effective Administration of Secondary Schools in Anambra State
Authors: Njideka Gloria Ikgbusi, , Rowland Chima Iheanacho,
Published: November 2016

The study was embarked upon with a view to finding out some of the hitches influencing effective
administration of secondary schools in some selected zones of Anambra state namely: Aguata, Onitsha
and Otuocha. The population which is also the same size consists of 110 secondary school principals. A
self-administered questionnaire which has eight research questions and twenty-four questionnaire items
guided the study. The data was analysed through the use of frequency counts and simple percentages.
The study revealed among others that many schools are understaffed and are still facing inadequate
subject teachers, in other words, most principals are forced to teach some classes in addition to their
official work of administration. On the strength of the findings, some recommendations were made
among which are the provision of adequate and qualified teachers for effective teaching and learning;
the principals should be released from classes so that they can fully concentrate on administration of
their schools.
Pre-Service Primary School Teachers’ Perceptions of Their Understanding of an Enquiry Based Approach to Teaching Primary School Science and Its Influence on Their Field Teaching Experiences
Authors: Ramesar Bisram
Published: November 2016

This study seeks to explore pre-service primary school teachers’ perceptions of their understanding of an enquiry based approach to teaching primary school Science. The study also seeks to identify how pre-service primary school teachers perceive the effectiveness of their University Science courses in preparing them to teach science using an enquiry approach. Participants were pre-service teachers enrolled in the B.Ed programme at The University of Trinidad and Tobago. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. The data revealed that the teachers understood the concept of guided enquiry and knew how to develop lesson plans that incorporate that approach. Although the teachers believed that their courses prepared them adequately to teach primary school Science using enquiry, they encountered problems because of the lack of adequate resources.
Revisiting the Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980: Analysis, Critique, and Recommendations
Authors: Kawam Elisa
Published: November 2016

During the 1970s, record rates of families intersected with the US foster care system. An estimated 500,000 children resided in foster care and despite services provided, those children suffered longer stays in foster care, increased re-entry into foster care, and reduced family reunification. The foster care system actually promoted family instability and in response, the Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act [AACWA] passed. AACWA intended to promote family strength and increased service provision through the restructuring and reorganization of the child welfare system. A variety of opinions regarding the overall approach to solving this problem ultimately led to severe programmatic cuts that are still felt today, more than 30 years later. Revisiting the AACWA and providing a renewed critique yields pragmatic, feasible, and necessary policy recommendations to guide governmental bodies worldwide on behalf of the families and children they serve.
Ego-Intergrity and Attitude to Death and Dying among Civil Service Retirees in Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Uche Rachel D.
Published: November 2016

The study sought to determine whether ego-integrity or sense of fulfilment influenced the attitude to death and dying of civil service retirees in Cross River State (CRS), Nigeria.An instrument consisting of four sub-scales, namely, Background Data Scale (BADs), Ego-integrity Scale (EIS), Attitude to Death Scale (ATDS) and Attitude to Dying Scale (ATDS) was adopted.Ex-post facto design was employed, using a sample of 430 and the data was analysed in line with two hypotheses, using ANOVA for both.The indication from the result was that attitude of retirees to both death and dying tended to be more negative than the positive attitude of acceptance.It was recommended that retirees and other older adults view death as a passage to another existence, hence, the need to be positive about it, and hold one’s self in readiness for this particular rite of passage instead of being fearful or in denial.
Leadership and Management in the 21st Century Organizations: A Practical Approach
Authors: Dike Victor E.
Published: November 2016

This article explores the place of leadership and management in the 21st century businesses and organizations, the role of leaders and managers, leadership styles as well as their levels of efficacy. It also investigates the attributes of an effective leader and manager, differentiates the concepts of leadership and management, leadership and management decision-making and problem-solving processes, and strategies for effective delegation of authorities to followers. This article argues that to function effectively and efficiently in today’s new economy, every organization needs effective leaders and managers as well as competent and reliable followers. It also posits that the place of leadership and management in today’s organizations are changing because, among other forces, the extreme competition among businesses in the new global economy, the emerging technologies, and globalization spurred by the Internet. The seemingly uncertainty in today’s organizations are putting undue pressures on leaders and managers to adopt practical approach to leadership and management to motivate their followers to enhance their performance, share the visions and missions of the organizations so as to realize their set objectives. This article argues that what makes effective leadership and management in the rapidly changing 21st century organizations include their personality and style of leadership, passion and values, decision-making and problem-solving process as well as their expectations and levels of relationship with their followers. Leaders and managers require a practical approach to leadership and management to substantially influence and motivate their followers to enhance their performance to achieve set organizational objectives.
Identification of Reasons for and Socio-Economic Impacts of Persistent Floods in Dar Es Salaam
Authors: Bushesha Magreth S. , Mbura Jane A.
Published: November 2016

This paper identifies and discusses reasons for persistent flooding events in the city of Dar es Salam. The paper also discusses socio-economic impacts caused by such flooding events. Descriptive research design guided the study. A questionnaire was administered to a sample population to collect numerical data while in-depth interviews were employed to collect qualitative information. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to analyze data from the questionnaire whereas qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Findings show that topography, unplanned settlements, poor infrastructure to support rapid urbanization, poor institutional capacity, failure of local authorities to enforce land policies and legislation, centralization of land use planning, poverty, and lack of awareness are the main causes of persistent flooding events in the study area. The paper further identifies that destroyed businesses, properties damage, increased number of dependents, increased number of orphans, families separation, increased incidents of eruptional diseases, increased crime rate and increased immorality and people being subjected into deep poverty are some of the impacts of persistent floods in Dar es Salaam. The paper suggests that there should be efforts directed towards ensuring that policies are well implemented and legislation enforced in the interest of proper environmental management and sustainable development of the city.
Impacts of India’s Transit Warfare against Nepal
Authors: Pathak Bishnu
Published: November 2016

Nepal promulgated the New Constitution with signatures of 90 percent of the Constituent Assembly (CA) II members on September 20, 2015. The world congratulated Nepal for its success, but Nepal’s roji-roti-beti closest neighbor India sent a cold-note and a mild-warning. India informally conveyed a proposed 7-point constitutional amendment the following day supporting 10 percent of Nepal’s CA II, which are agitating Madhesi groups. Such amendments interfere with landlocked Nepal’s sovereign and internal affairs, but Nepal was full of confusion in answering it. Moreover, India initiated an undeclared transit trade warfare, blocking Nepo-India borders. The blocking at borders is freezing the life of all Nepalis. Now Nepal suffers from an acute shortage of cooking and oxygen gas, gasoline, medicines and other daily humanitarian supplies. Hospitals have stopped normal operations in the lack of medicines and oxygen gas. No gasoline is being provided to public and private vehicles except security officials. Only emergency flights are operating. Worse still, India’s transit warfare was conducted in a period when Nepo-China borders were blocked by the post-Earthquake. India’s proposed Amendment in the Constitution for Madhesi groups is just a drama; clearly the myopic interest of India is to control Nepal’s natural resources and to restore the Hindu Kingdom. Ranjit Rae, India’s Ambassador to Kathmandu gathering agitating Tarai-Madhes leaders into the Embassy just before Prime Minister’s election said, “The winning of Oli as a Prime Minister of Nepal is a defeat of India” (Ratopati, 2015). Rae further hurts the Nepali as he followed Goebbels’ style of reporting to New Delhi. As a result, angry masses are displaying arson effigies of India and PM Modi across the country ranging in Tarai, Hill and Mountain. The 21st century’s great socialist leader Modi now becomes known as a bully leader in the eyes of Nepali and South Asian people. And his popularity is plummeting each and every day. If the talented and clever Modi does not abandon his ego and ambition, he might do suicide in the same way Nepal’s former King Mahendra did in 1972 when he honestly realized the error of his past mistakes and wrongdoings. Nepal now turns to United Nations against India’s shadow-boxing to achieve landlocked country’s sovereign rights and other concerned rights.
Survivorship of Cancer Patients in Nigeria: An Evidence for Aggressive Measures against Cancer in Developing Countries
Authors: Korter Grace O. , Igbinehi Eghe M.
Published: November 2016

More than 60% of the world’s total new annual cancer cases occur in Africa, Asia and Central and South America. The aim of this study was to build a predictive model for the two possible outcomes of cancer patients and to examine which of the several types of cancer was more deadly. Secondary data of 335 patients aged 11 to 90 years who received treatment for liver, lung, colon, colorectal, prostate, breast or skin cancer at LAUTECH teaching hospital between 2004 and 2010 was used for this analysis. Logistic regression analysis was conducted. The Hosmer and Lemeshow and Likelihood Ratio tests were used to determine the fit and significance of parameters of the model. Only the type of cancer suffered by patients contributed significantly to the prediction model. The odds of dying for patients with lung cancer were about 4 times that of other types of cancer. However, the incidence of liver, lung, colon, colorectal, prostate, breast and skin cancer was prevalent across patients aged 11 and 90 years, irrespective of sex. Lung cancer was found to be more deadly than other types of cancer observed in the sample.
After the Cop21 Agreement: No Major Changes
Authors: Lane Jan-Erik
Published: November 2016

The concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere keeps increasing: 399.6 (Jan, 2015), 402.52 (Jan, 2016), 404.21 (March 2016) and 409 (April 2016). It is true that a few countries have managed to not only halt the increase in CO2 emissions but also decrease the emissions. But from a global point of view, the CO2 emissions stay at a very high level. The G20, responsible for some 80 per cent of CO2 emissions, do nothing, concentrating on traditional interstate issue like the Middle East, North Korea, the Ukraine and the South China Sea. Whereas all new data indicate the dire consequences of climate change, business goes on as usual: more cars, trucks and buses, bigger engines, more aeroplanes and airports, bigger ships and larger container vessels, longer routes, new coal power stations, closing of nuclear plants, delaying the use of new or temporarily stopped nuclear reactors, etc.
Big Data Analytics National Educational System Monitoring and Decision Making
Authors: Cantini Catia , Chellini Claudia , Sagri Maria-Teresa
Published: November 2016

This paper reviews the applications of big data in supporting monitoring and decision making in the National Educational System. It describes different types of monitoring methodologies and explores the opportunities, challenges and benefits of incorporating big data applications in order to study the National Educational System. This approach allows to analyze schools as entities, which included in a local context with specific social, economic, and cultural development features. In addition, the paper attempts to identify the prerequisites that support the implementation of data analysis in the national educational system. This review reveals that there are several opportunities for using big data (structured and unstructured information) in the educational system, in order to improve strategic multidimensional knowledge for decision making and developing educational policies; however, there are still many issues and challenges that need to be addressed so as to achieve a better use of this technology.
Auto-transplantation of teeth: Our Experience
Authors: Singh Ashutosh Kumar , Shrestha Lipika
Published: November 2016

Background & Objectives: To evaluate  success rate of  auto-transplantation of teeth with  immature and mature root apex.Materials & Methods: Fifteen consecutively auto-transplanted  teeth ( six with immature apex and nine with mature apex ) were followed up for a mean duration of 8.6 months and assessed for post transplant  mobility, root resorption, root growth and pain. The transplanted teeth were assessed clinically and Intraoral periapical radiographs (IOPAR) were  taken every three months.Results: Overall success rate was 73.3%. Higher success rate was observed for teeth with immature apex as compared to teeth with mature apex.Conclusion: Auto-transplantation can be used as reliable method for replacement of missing teeth if proper case selection and surgical protocol is followed.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of nursing students on Hospital Acquired Infections in Western region of Nepal
Authors: Paudel Ishwari Sharama , Ghosh Vivek , Adhikari Purushottam
Published: November 2016

Background & Objectives: Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are a common problem and challenge faced by hospitals in all countries around the world. Nurses are an important part of the healthcare team that plays a unique role in the control of HAIs. Compliance on the part of healthcare workers (HCWs) including nurses with standard precautions has been recognized as being an efficient means to prevent and control HAIs. The present study was conducted with objective of understanding the level of Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding HAIs among nursing students in the Western Region of Nepal.Materials & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among nursing students posted in different wards of two hospitals of Pokhara. A self administered questionnaire containing different set of questions regarding knowledge, attitude and practice on HAI were used for data collection.Results: Among the total participants in the study 97% of the participants considered that prevention of HAIs were a valuable part of nurses’ role but only 89% had received formal training regarding hand hygiene. The results show that 74% of the participants had good knowledge regarding HAIs. 82% of the participants felt that they would be less likely to transmit infection to the patient if they performed hand-hygiene. 66% of them identified that hand hygiene agents were not readily available in current settings. Regarding practice, only 6% performed hand hygiene before patient contact.Conclusion: The nursing students had good knowledge regarding HAIs that was reflected in their attitude and practice on hand hygiene for the prevention of HAIs. However there is the need of regular training and performance feedback regarding hand hygiene and the hospital environment should be hand-hygiene friendly with easily accessible to sinks and other facilities.
Custom Ocular Prosthesis for Enucleated Eye: A Case Report
Authors: Pun Surya Narayan , Shakya Rojina , Adhikari Galav , Parajuli Prakash Kumar , Singh Raj Kumar , Suwal Pramita
Published: November 2016

The unfortunate loss or absence of an eye may be caused by a congenital defect, irreparable trauma, tumor, sympathetic ophthalmia, or the need for histologic confirmation of a suspected diagnosis. Early rehabilitation with suitable prosthesis is recommended to ease the mind of the afflicted. An ocular prosthesis is a maxillofacial prosthesis that artificially replaces an eye missing as a result of trauma, surgery, or congenital absence. A custom ocular prosthesis has advantage of close adaptation to the tissue bed, provides maximum comfort and restores full physiological function to the accessory organs of the eye.
Twenty-five years later: A critical commentary on HIV awareness posters targeting women
Authors: Hunter Linda , LaCroix Emerson
Published: November 2016

This commentary provides selected observations from 25 years of research in Canadian HIV awareness campaign representation. Earlier research by Hunter (2004) found that HIV awareness posters targeting women focused on messages of fear, rather than presenting women as proactive about safer sex. Although there has been some improvement in recent years, we remain quite troubled by many of the Canadian HIV awareness posters targeting women. We demonstrate that there has been little progress in portraying women's agency in communicating safer sex options with their partners. Further, posters tend to reinforce the stigma associated with HIV, rather than depicting support, to minimize stigma. Canadian HIV awareness posters targeting women are in great contrast to the community-based HIV awareness posters targeting men who have sex with men, where taking control of sexual health and the importance of communication are reinforced. This commentary offers a critical appraisal on the minimal progress of Canadian HIV awareness posters targeting women throughout the years, and makes the case for developing HIV awareness poster campaigns which focus on prevention through communication, and support around stigma.
Apostolate, Ministry, Mission: The Legacy of Vatican ii's Teaching on the Laity
Authors: Hahnenberg Edward P.
Published: November 2016

The Second Vatican Council (1962–1965) was unprecedented in the attention it gave to the role of the laity in the Catholic Church. However, in the decades that followed, it was not the council's specific teaching on the laity, but rather its broader ecclesiological vision that inspired the explosion of lay ministries in the church of North America. In the context of shifting ministerial realities, post-conciliar theological reflection passed through at least two stages of expansion: the laity first came to be seen within the wider context of the church, and then the church itself came to be seen within the wider context of its mission in the world. This theological trajectory suggests that the key category for understanding the laity today is no longer the lay apostolate or lay ministry, but rather missionary discipleship.
Australian medical students have fewer opportunities to do physical examination of peers of the opposite gender
Authors: Taylor Silas , Shulruf Boaz
Published: November 2016

Purpose: Peer physical examination (PPE), by which junior medical students learn physical examination skills before practicing on patients, is a widely implemented and accepted part of medical curricula. However, the ethical implications of PPE have been debated, since issues including student gender impact on its acceptability. Research has previously demonstrated the phenomenon of ‘attitude-behavior inconsistency’ showing that students’ predictions about their participation in PPE differ from what they actually do in practice. This study asks whether gender and student self-ratings of outlook affect engagement in PPE. Methods: This study gathered data from students who had completed PPE with the objective of determining what factors have the greatest impact on the actual practice of PPE by students. Data were used to derive the number of opportunities students had to examine a peer, for various body parts. Respondent gender and self-ratings of outlook were recorded. Results: Responses from 130 students were analysed: 74 female (57%) and 56 male (43%). Students have fewer opportunities to examine peers of the opposite gender; this is statistically significant for all body parts when male students examine female peers. Conclusion: Gender is the factor of overriding importance on whether these peer interactions actually occur, such that students have fewer opportunities to examine peers of the opposite gender, particularly male students examining female peers. Student outlook has little impact. We speculate that the more acceptable PPE is to participants, paradoxically, the more complicated these interactions become, possibly with implications for future practice.
Dramatic Debate: Vividness and Verve in Thomas More’s A Dialogue Concerning Heresies
Authors: Gilman Donald
Published: November 2016

In A Dialogue Concerning Heresies, More draws upon the resources of rhetoric to deflect Reformers’ attacks against Catholic doctrine and liturgy. According to Aristotle, Cicero, Quintilian, and Erasmus, the rhetorical concepts of enargeia (vividness) and energeia (verve) enable orators to persuade and move their readers and listeners more effectively. In the Dialogue More employed techniques, tropes, and dialogic structures associated with these concepts, thereby rendering more clearly the dangers of heresies, and transforming dry Scholastic disputation into lively dramatic debate.
Thomas More’s Views on Language and Translation and their Place in the Classical and Humanist Tradition
Authors: Hosington Brenda M.
Published: November 2016

Critics have accorded More a place in the development of English prose, praised various aspects of both his English and Latin, and discussed his abilities as a translator. However, they have paid less heed to his many comments on language and translation scattered throughout his works. These concern such varied topics as grammar, common usage, stylistics, etymology, and translation practices, all of which must be governed by the principle of decorum. More’s treatment of these questions stands squarely in the tradition of Cicero, Horace, Quintilian and St Jerome but it also represents both the humanists’ interpretations of these authors and their own comments on language and translation.
La Trinité, par Albrecht Dürer (gravure, 1511)
Authors: Boespflug François
Published: November 2016

Résumé

En 1511, Dürer réalisa le Retable Landauer et plusieurs séries de gravures. L’une des plus originales d’entre elles, La Trinité, eut un retentissement européen dans plusieurs formes d’art. Elle montre, en l’absence de tout témoin humain. Dieu le Père recevant le Crucifié descendu de croix, dans un intime et affectueux corps à corps sur la signification, le lieu et le temps duquel il vaut la peine de s’interroger. Ils supposent un espace-temps spécifique, celui du Dieu chrétien sensible à la prière, auquel le corps du Christ introduit.
Temporality and the Text of Scripture in Thomas More’s Religious Polemics
Authors: DeCook Travis
Published: November 2016

This paper considers how More’s attacks on the *sola scriptura* doctrine depend on his conviction that the composition, collection, and reception of the biblical books are eminently time-bound processes. In order to foreground basic problems with the reformers’ claims about the nature of Scripture, More exploits the historical approach to texts characteristic of humanist philology and textual criticism. He also draws on an awareness of the varying manifestations of the Bible in history and the vulnerability of the written word to corruption. These insights dovetail with More’s understanding of divine revelation: rather than being fully contained in Holy Writ, revelation is an unfolding within history, working through the mediation of the Church.
The Analogy of the Body Politic in Shakespeare’s Coriolanus: From the Organic Metaphor of Society to the Monstrous Body of the Multitude
Authors: Lemonnier-Texier Delphine
Published: November 2016

Résumé

La métaphore du corps politique occupe une place prépondérante dans le Coriolan de Shakespeare. Elle constitue un véritable guide de réception de la pièce puisqu’elle figure au centre de la scène d’exposition, en même temps qu’elle est au centre de la problématique du pouvoir politique dans les traités et analyses politiques qui circulent au début de l’ère jacobéenne. La présente étude s’attache donc à élucider l’utilisation que fait Shakespeare de ce lieu commun de la pensée politique de son époque, et la manière dont la mise en scène de la fable du ventre par Menenius invite le spectateur à se pencher sur l’anatomie du corps politique dans Coriolan. La structure dramatique met en lumière la nature essentiellement équivoque de l’image du corps politique dans la pièce et la tension qui existe entre l’image véhiculée par le discours des patriciens et ce qui définit véritablement la société romaine. Il semble s’opérer un processus d’anamorphose sur l’image conventionnelle du corps politique véhiculée par la fable de Menenius (et les écrits politiques des 16e et 17e siècles) pour faire apparaître dans la pièce l’image du corps “ monstrueux ” de la multitude. Vue sous cet angle, la pièce se situe à l’articulation entre deux conceptions de la société et du gouvernement et remet en question la validité du schéma conventionnel du corps politique.
On the Momentum Transported by the Radiation Field of a Long Transient Dipole and Time Energy Uncertainty Principle
Authors: Cooray Vernon , Cooray Gerald
Published: November 2016

The paper describes the net momentum transported by the transient electromagnetic radiation field of a long transient dipole in free space. In the dipole a current is initiated at one end and propagates towards the other end where it is absorbed. The results show that the net momentum transported by the radiation is directed along the axis of the dipole where the currents are propagating. In general, the net momentum P transported by the electromagnetic radiation of the dipole is less than the quantity U / c , where U is the total energy radiated by the dipole and c is the speed of light in free space. In the case of a Hertzian dipole, the net momentum transported by the radiation field is zero because of the spatial symmetry of the radiation field. As the effective wavelength of the current decreases with respect to the length of the dipole (or the duration of the current decreases with respect to the travel time of the current along the dipole), the net momentum transported by the radiation field becomes closer and closer to U / c , and for effective wavelengths which are much shorter than the length of the dipole, P ≈ U / c . The results show that when the condition P ≈ U / c is satisfied, the radiated fields satisfy the condition Δ t Δ U ≥ h / 4 π where Δ t is the duration of the radiation, Δ U is the uncertainty in the dissipated energy and h is the Plank constant.
Extraction of Mangiferin and Chemical Characterization and Sensorial Analysis of Teas from Mangifera indica L. Leaves of the Ubá Variety
Authors: Medina Ramírez Natalia , Monteiro Farias Leticia , Apolonio Santana Francine , Viana Leite João , De Souza Dantas Maria , Lopes Toledo Renata , De Queiroz José , Stampini Duarte Martino Hércia , Machado Rocha Ribeiro Sônia
Published: November 2016

Mangiferin is present in various parts of Mangifera indica L. and has proven biological activities, such as antioxidant capabilities. The aim of this work was to evaluate the chemical composition of teas prepared from M. indica leaves, their potential use as a source of mangiferin and their total phenolic compounds. Teas were prepared with young and mature leaves of M. indica at three (medicinal plant: solvent) ratios utilizing three different preparation techniques. The mangiferin content was analyzed via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The tea with the highest mangiferin content was characterized for its total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The oxidative stability was also evaluated by quantifying mangiferin, total phenolics and antioxidant activity using two preservation treatments for 0, 24 and 48 h. Sensory analysis was performed to measure the acceptance of the tea. The type of leaf, preparation technique and concentration influenced the mangiferin content in the teas. The highest concentration of mangiferin was obtained through decoction at a 5% (w/v) medicinal plant concentration. This tea exhibited stability up to 48 h after preparation under both preservation treatments and provided a positive sensory acceptance for consumers with flavors added. In conclusion, teas made from M. indica leaves have great potential as sources of mangiferin and phenolic compounds.
Finding Harmony between Science and Art in Pediatric Cardiology: Acknowledging When Being “Objective” May Not Truly Be Objective
Authors: Loomba Rohit
Published: November 2016

As pediatric cardiologists, we greatly value objective decision-making and logic. [...]