bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unsur Riba dalam Perbedaan Konsep Pinjaman Kredit Antara Rentenir dan Bank Plecit
Authors: Alam Azhar , Tri Utami Yuli
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT.

This study explains the differences in credit loans between moneylenders and Plecit banks and explains the elements of usury that occur in Selorejo Village, Boyolali. This study used a qualitative approach by interviewing in-depth 12 people consisting of borrowers and lenders. This study analyzes the content of interviews and literature reviews. This study indicates differences in the two types of loans ranging from status, capital, guarantees, loan terms, time, interest, and penalties when due. This research also shows that the two types of loans made by moneylenders and Plecit banks contain Qordh and Jahiliyah riba. This study suggests the public prioritize loans from Islamic microfinance institutions to avoid usury.

Keywords: Differences in the concept of loans, loan sharks, Bank Plecit, Riba

ABSTRAK.

Penelitian ini menjelaskan tentang perbedaan konsep pinjaman kredit antara rentenir dan bank Plecit serta penjelasan unsur riba di dalamnya yang terjadi di Desa Selorejo, Boyolali. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan mewancarai secara mendalam 12 orang yang terdiri dari pihak peminjam dan pemberi pinjaman. Penelitian ini menganalisi konten dari hasil wawancara dan kajian literatur Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan dalam kedua jenis pinjaman tersebut mulai dari status, permodalan, jaminan, syarat pinjaman, waktu, bunga dan hukuman bila jatuh tempo. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa kedua jenis pinjaman yang diakukan rentenir dan bank Plecit sama-sama mengandung jenis riba Qordh dan riba Jahiliyah. Penelitian ini menyarankan masyarakat untuk memprioritaskan pinjaman yang dari lembaga keuangan mikro syariah sehingga terhindar dari riba.

Kata kunci: Perbedaan Konsep Pinjaman, Rentenir, Bank Plecit, Riba
Analisis Peranan Strategi Marketing Funding Dalam Peningkatan Jumlah Nasabah dan Dana Pihak Ketiga:
Authors: 'Ainulyaqin Muhammad Hamdan
Published: March 2021

Indonesia was ranked first in the global Islamic financial market at the 2019 Sharia Economic and Financial Research Forum (FREKS), where the market share in the Islamic banking sector had reached 6.01% and the OJK is targeting in 2023 the Islamic banking market share of 15%, wrong one indicator of improvement is by increasing the number of accounts and the amount of Third Party Funds (TPF). The purpose of this study is to determine what strategies are used by the Marketing Funding of the BPRS Harta Insan Karimah Cikarang Branch to increase the number of customers or accounts and the amount of TPF. Then what is the role of the strategy used by Marketing Funding in increasing the number of customers and the number of deposits.

The pick-up strategy implemented by BPRS Harta Insan Karimah Cikarang branch is an excellent service provided to each customer, this strategy is considered to provide convenience to customers in savings and deposit products because the transaction can be done at home and the Marketing Funding team will visit the customer's house. If the strategy is to pick-up properly, the target number of customers will be achieved and theoretically the amount of deposits will increase as well. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, so that the researcher will explain or describe the results of the study in verbal or descriptive form so that it is easy to understand. The research method used in data collection includes interviews, observation, documentation and literature study.

The results showed that the strategy used by marketing funding was the pick-up strategy, where deposits, withdrawals and account opening could be done at the customer's house with prior confirmation with the Marketing Funding team so that the interaction was built between the two. The role of this strategy was significant in increasing the number of customers in 2017 reaching 11.11% and in the following year the number of customers increased by 10.79%. However, the role of the pick-ball strategy is not significant in increasing TPF, in other words the increase in the number of customers does not mean that TPF will increase as well, seen in 2015 of 10.79%, and the next 2 years decreased consecutively, namely -21.77% and -9.53%, in 2018 the amount of TPF increased again by 14.65%. Other alternative strategies that can be implemented by BPRS Harta Insan Karimah Cikarang Branch are maximizing social media as a means of advertising, recruiting SDI Marketing Funding team, socializing to guardians of affiliated school students, giving souvenirs to customers who can refer BPRS HIK, sponsoring the community agenda or institutions, as well as Improving the schedule for collecting funds and improving the information system.
Implikasi Kebijakan Ekonomi Umar Ibn Khattab terhadap Kebijakan Ekonomi Masa Kini
Authors: Hadi Sholikul , Romli Moh
Published: March 2021

In the 1970s and 1980s, scientific studies on Islamic economics and finance in the Middle East and other Muslim countries were initiated, which resulted in the establishment of the Islamic Development Bank and banks and other institutions labeled Islam. In fact, the scope of Islamic economics is much broader than just Islamic finance. The author agrees with Taqyuddin An-Nabhani, that generations of Muslims have been fascinated with Capitalist thinking, because they see its success, without fully understanding the reality of its thoughts, even to the inferior feeling (inferiority) of Islam's ability to produce solutions. The purpose of this research is to examine Umar ibn Khattab's policies in distributing Baitul Maal property and to find out the implications of Umar ibn Khattab's policies on today's economy. This research is a literature research (Library Research) with a historical approach, and collects data from primary materials, namely books concerning Umar ibn Khattab's policies and secondary data, namely relevant supporting books. The stages of this research are the analysis of text or phenomena into its components, grouping the same statements and actions into one component, identifying rules that unite various categories, identifying universal rules that construct statements and inter-relations of actions, and systematics of rules obtained through text procedures. or action. The results of this study, namely that during his caliphate, Umar ibn Khattab had made the necessary regulations and took every possible step to ensure that no one was left to starve, without clothing or a place to live in an Islamic country, including the disabled, helpless. because of illness, old age, widows, unemployment, poor people, people who need assistance regardless of caste, skin color, or beliefs are given financial assistance from Baitul Maal. Umar ibn Khattab's policies can be implied in today's economy, such as the prohibition of selling other people's property without the knowledge of the owner, government intervention in the market, prohibition of hoarding assets, reviving dead land, land ownership limits, on found goods, property that is lawful for the government, and criteria for people who have the right to be prioritized for holding and holding government mandates.
Pengaruh Perhatian Orang Tua terhadap Hasil Belajar PAI Siswa Kelas VII:
Authors: Paramansyah Arman , Nurul Husna Ade Irvi , Ernawati Ernawati
Published: March 2021

This research was conducted to answer the problem, first, how is the level of parental attention to learning outcomes. second, how are the student learning outcomes in Islamic Education subjects, research uses descriptive quantitative, namely the method used to research on certain populations and samples, data collection uses research instruments, data analysis is quantitative / statistical, with the aim of testing predetermined hypotheses. The results of the analysis on parental attention to learning outcomes, it can be concluded that parental attention has a positive and significant effect on learning outcomes, amounting to 0.507. And learning outcomes are perceived as Good (B) with an average value of 4.02. The most dominant indicator of learning outcomes is (Report) with an average value of 4.14, which means that there is a positive and significant influence between parents' attention to learning outcomes. Based on these findings, it is suggested that schools pay more attention to parents by always paying attention to their parents. socializing to urge parents to be able to continue and increase their attention to children's learning activities, both in terms of providing guidance, advice, encouragement, supervision, and equipment for children's learning facilities, as well as fostering a harmonious relationship with their children, so that children will be motivated and able to improve learning outcomes
THERMOLYSIS OF OIL WASTE
Authors: Zhuravsky Gennadi I. , Krivorot Viacheslav A.
Published: March 2021

Based on a set of thermal management studies of various types of oil waste, a process has been developed, equipment has been created and the possibility of effective extraction has been shown hydrocarbons from oil waste, as well as experimentally using experimental equipment that implements the process of steam thermolysis of organic materials, justified the technology of processing a wide range of waste with the receipt of analogues boiler and motor fuels.
CONCEPTUAL APPROACH TO SURFACE WASTE WATER DRAINAGE IN REGIONS OF MODERN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
Authors: Antsukh Yuliya P. , Savich-Shemet Oksana G. , Gapanovich Ekaterina V.
Published: March 2021

Localization and removal of surface wastewater from the territory of a modern residential complex in the absence of a centralized sewage system is a difficult task that requires a comprehensive approach to environmental management of stormwater.

On the example of the territory of ‘Zelenaya Gavan’ projected complex in Minsk region a principal opportunity is grounded and recommendations on treated surface wastewater disposal using atypical solutions, including filtering multifunctional

elements of landscape design (landscape pond), filtering closed (underground filtration fields) tank designed for accumulation and further filtration of water into the ground, and then into the watercourse as a receiver of the entire

volume of surface runoff taking into account the hydrological and hydrogeological features of the territory are developed.
QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER PROTECTION IN THE ZONE OF INFLUENCED OF THE GOMEL CHEMICAL PLANT
Authors: Shershnyov Oleg V. , Pavlovskii Aleksandr I. , Akulevich Anatolij F.
Published: March 2021

The formation of dumps from the production of phosphorous fertilizers at the JSC "Gomel Chemical Plant" is a significant factor affecting the geological environment, which leads primarily to contamination of soil and ground-water. The insignificant thickness of the aeration zone (0.5 to 5.0 m), the absence of low permeable layers in its section, and the downward aquifer recharge make it possible for sulfate, phosphate, and ammonium migrant components to enter groundwater from the surface. Based on the analysis of actual geological and hydrogeological data, a quantitative assessment of the protection of pressure water within the zone influenced by JSC "Gomel Chemical Plant" was given. It is established that their protection depends on the thickness of low permeable sediments, their material composition, and the ratio of aquifer levels. The time of migration of pollutants between groundwater and pressure water was determined. Categories of groundwater protection were identified and their territorial differentiation was established. The protective properties of low permeable sediments were evaluated, taking into account their potential to reduce groundwater contamination with sulfates, phosphates, and ammonium. It was found that the moraine deposits of the first low permeable layer most effectively reduce phosphate and ammonium contamination, while not interfering with the migration of sulfate ions. The second low permeable layer, represented by siltstones, leads to a significant reduction in the flow of pollutants into the Paleogene aquifer. Analysis of the dynamics of sulfate ion concentrations was given, which generally indicated a downward trend in the studied aquifers.
PROSPECTS FOR LOCAL MINERAL AND RAW MATERIALS USE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOUTHWESTERN REGION OF GOMEL REGION
Authors: Lishtvan Ivan I. , Kurzo Boris V. , Gaidukevich Oleg M. , Sorokin Alexandr I.
Published: March 2021

The results of the study of the resource potential of Lelchitsky and adjacent regions are presented. It is shown that the raw materials for the production of crushed stone and natural stone in the amount of 1 million m3 is actively extracted in the region with the prospect of volume increasing up to 10 million m3. In addition, peat and sapropel

are mined for the production of organic fertilizers, feed additives and drilling fluids. Brown coal and bentonite clay deposits

are promising for mining. Peat, sapropel and brown coal should be considered to be raw materials for complex deep processing with the release of more products and materials with high added value.

The obtained results allow to conclude that the development of Lelchitsky region and the economic feasibility of building Polesie section of the railway is possible only through integrated development and the most complete use of the entire resource base of the region.
Infrastructure and social practices of street physical culture in Moscow
Authors: Bogdan Ignat V. , Gurylina Mariya V. , Chistyakova Darya P.
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the infrastructure and practices of using outdoor sports grounds. Materials and methods. Method of non-included standardized observation was used in the sociological study. With the help of the coding sheet more than 160 observations were recorded at 34 workout sites, selected by the criteria of their size and location. Results and discussion. There was assessed the level of workout areas equipment in Moscow. On the basis of unencumbered standardized observations there were identified: social portraits of people, involved in street sports, the key features of their training process, the use of the infrastructure of the outdoor sports grounds. There were also outlined the gaps in knowledge and adherence to proper physical activity in some groups of sports grounds visitors. Different types of cooperation between sports grounds visitors were identified and the advantages and disadvantages of each of them were outlined. The idea of the most preferable and effective form of interaction of trainees on the sports grounds was formed. The observations made it possible to determine the list of motivating and demotivating factors for visiting the sports grounds. On the basis of the data obtained, there were developed the recommendations for attracting various groups of the population to workout areas and improving the quality of training.
Rolul uneltelor în arhitectura țărănească de lemn
Authors: Cioti Viorel
Published: March 2021

"The role of the tools in the wooden peasant architecture

This paper refers at the role of tools in peasant wood architecture. The “Preliminary considerations” part is a review of the needed tools in processing agricultural products (sickle), primitive tools (ax, hammer and knife) and a tool offered by nature (stone).
The extended part is reserved for presenting tools and their role in building houses. The working tools used in building mono-cellular houses (hoe, ax and knife), the tools needed in raising a house (ax, bard and knife) and the tools needed to build different roof types (ax, bard, steel blade two-handle knife and sawmill) are presented.
The last part is aimed for types of hand saw and conclusions.
Keywords: tool, architecture, wood, house, role
"
Șoprul și alte structuri pentru fân din Țara Maramureșului
Authors: Ivanciuc Teofil
Published: March 2021

"The hay barrack and other hay structures
from the Land of Maramureș

The hay barrack is a unique structure, consisting of four wooden poles which support a pyramidal roof, which can be raised or lowered, depending on the amount of hay sheltered from the weather.
The Land of Maramureș (the northern half of the current Maramureș County), a quite well-known traditional life stronghold, can be considered ”the World’s hay capital”, a place where the hay culture is stronger than anywhere else and where the fields are filled up with ”classic” hay barracks (we estimate that there are probably 10-15,000 structures still left), with tens of thousands hay stacks, with thousands hay barracks with immovable roof and with countless drying hayracks of different types, so many that they change the look of the landscape.
Moreover, there is the only place where the hay barracks are still used today exactly as in the Middle Ages (being filled regularly, manually, with traditionally harvested hay), and on a huge scale, not found elsewhere.
With prehistoric origins, the most special structure, the hay barrack is considered to have its birthplace in the Netherlands, from where, since the 13th and 14th centuries, it spread over a large part of the continent, a territory bordered by Great Britain, France, Northern Italy, Croatia, Hungary, Northern Transylvania, Ukraine, Russia or Scandinavia.
Today, everywhere, the unusual barrack has disappeared, except în Maramureș and the Netherlands - where there is the second largest group of preserved structures, but without being used anymore for storing hay.
The study lists the main features of the construction, the villages where the hay barracks survive in more significant number, and it tries to find out the reason why this type of structure still persists so strongly in that region.
At the end there are some old images from different places, as well as contemporary photographs taken in Maramureș, featuring various types of hay structures.
Keywords: hay barrack, hay stack, hayrack, Maramureș, traditional farming
"
Ouă încondeiate de Paști. Ateliere de pedagogie muzeală la Muzeul de Istorie Turda, județul Cluj
Authors: Andone Rotaru Mariana
Published: March 2021

"Easter eggs. Workshops of museum education at the History Museum in Turda, Cluj County

The pedagogical programme of the History Museum in Turda, had a great evolution in 2019, by providing 11 interactive workshops to students, in order to improve their talents, extracurricular work and to develop their skills in several domains.
Our ‘Easter egg painting’ programme stands for continuing the tradition by meetings between artisans and public, through the interactive workshops, not just as demonstration. In the seven editions, there were organized around 30 workshops, with more than 500 participants, students and adults from Turda, Cluj-Napoca and surrounding areas, activity which was very much appreciated.
The purpose of this workshop is to convey the correct value of the egg painting activity to a large and diverse public, so that they perceive it as important as the pottery and glass painting. Our workshops go through all the stages of the egg painting, decorating with the archaic techniques of successive color baths, protecting with bee wax, decorated with vegetal, zoomorphic, solar and more. The colors used are also limited to the traditional ones, monochrome or polychrome – red, white, yellow and black. Via this workshop, made in the old times at the countryside, the museum has direct implication in the preservation of traditional handcraft, loaded with symbolism.
Keywords: Easter eggs, painted eggs, traditional craft, workshops, museum education
"
Marketing muzeal în folosul comunității clujene
Authors: Sas Teodora Maria
Published: March 2021

"Museum Marketing in the Service of the Cluj Community

This paper aims to analyze the role of cultural marketing activities within the Transylvanian Museum of Ethnography and their contribution to increasing the quality of the cultural life of the Cluj community.
The analysis begins with a review of the general museum offer (basic/permanent, educational, complementary and supplementary) which introduces the reader in the field of cultural marketing. It continues with the presentation of the cultural offer of the Transylvanian Museum of Ethnography (MET) during 2019-2020. Thus, the most important temporary exhibitions and cultural events organized and hosted by MET during this period are listed and described, along with the museum research, innovation and entrepreneurial projects/programmes within the national and international cooperations with museum institutions and universities. It also highlights the importance of museum marketing communication on social media during the Covid-19 pandemic.
By its entire cultural offer, the Transylvanian Museum of Ethnography not only demonstrates its relevance within the cultural landscape of Cluj, but also its special contribution to enhancing the cultural life quality of the Cluj community, and also of its national and international visitors.
This paper concludes with suggestions to innovate and diversify the supplementary offer, with the aim to serve the cultural and social needs of the Cluj community and of the museum’s national and international visitors as well, and also to intensify their desire to always return to this cultural institution, unique in the Cluj county.
Keywords: cultural marketing, museum offer, museum research, innovation and entrepreneurial projects, Cluj community, museum mascot
"
Contribuții la cercetarea Muzeului Tehnologic–Industrial din Cluj
Authors: Tótszegi Tekla
Published: March 2021

"Contributions to the research of the Technological-Industrial Museum of Cluj

The Technological-Industrial Museum of Cluj opened its doors in 1888, with the name “Franz Iosif I Museum of Industry”, in memory of the Emperor's visit to Cluj, made in 1887.
Frequent changes of premises, of exhibition spaces and finally the institution closing; transfers of artefacts between different institutions, which often resulted in the loss of essential documents needed for artefacts identification; all these considerably complicate both the research work and the attempts for exhibitional and educational valorisation.
This paper aims to synthesise the information published, mostly in Hungarian, about the Technological-Industrial Museum from Cluj and to add the results of our own research on artefacts that nowadays belong to the Transylvanian Ethnographic Museum’s collections, wishing to provide a starting point for possible future publications on the subject.
Keywords: Technological-Industrial Museum, collection, craft, applied art, ethnography
"
Restaurarea unei picturi pe pânză de Aurél Náray (1883–1948)
Authors: Benkara Dana
Published: March 2021

"The restoration of a painted canvas by Aurél Náray (1883-1948)

This study shows the restoration work made on the painted canvas of the Hungarian artist Aurél Náray (1883-1948), depicting an ecclesiastic subject (Saint Joseph with the infant Jesus). This oil painting comes from a private art collector and has the following dimensions: 42x57.5 cm, being sustained by a wooden stretcher. The painting is signed and dated by the artist himself on the lower left corner (“Aurél Náray 909”).
The canvas is fixed on the underframe with metallic nails; as a result of the wood having dried, the frame shows slight distortions. The face of the painting displays small portions of missing white primer and/ or colour, erosions of the paint layer, two little punctures in the canvas, and a small area of distorted canvas placed toward the lower edge of the painting. Adherence of thin dirt can be observed on the surface of the painting while the back of the canvas bears heavy traces of dust and dirt, especially on its margins.
The actual restoration process of the painted canvas referred to the following: drawing up the initial photograhic documentation, superficial dust cleaning on the back of the canvas, detachment of the painting from its old underframe and the building of a new and proper wooden stretcher. After the plainness of the painting was restored and the two small pricked points on the canvas were consolidated (with the use of Beva 371 adhesive), a strip lining on the margins of the canvas was carried out, in order to be able to fix the canvas on the new underframe. Cleaning of the surface came next, followed by the filling of the missing primer layer with putty. The chromatic integration of the painting was accomplished (after having sealed the original paint with a thin layer of intermediary varnish) with the use of low oil content colours and the final protection of a second satin varnish layer.
Keywords: painted canvas, restoration, stretcher, strip lining, varnish
"
Restaurarea icoanei pe lemn „Maica Domnului a Semnului”
Authors: Tonca Maria , Sîntiuan Mioara Mihaela
Published: March 2021

"The Restoration of the icon on wood “Our Lady of the Sign”

The paper describes the state of conservation of a Lipovan icon, with the theme “Our Lady of the Sign”, presenting the degradation forms, and also describes the restoration stages, characterized by specific techniques and materials. The icon dates from the beginning of 19th century and it is painted in tempera technique on wooden panel. It is one of the oldest Russian Orthodox Mariological Iconography celebrated on November 27.
Keywords: conservation, restoration, icon, wooden panel, ”Our Lady of the Sign”
"
Restaurarea unui antimis datat 1822
Authors: Troșan Laura
Published: March 2021

"Restoration of an antimension dated 1822

The antimension is a consecrated liturgical textile object, it is kept on an altar, and without it the Divine Liturgy cannot be celebrated. The antimension is made of a rectangular linen or silk cloth, decorated with the representation of the Entombment of Christ and of the four Evangelists, in various printing techniques. The restoration operations carried out include mechanical dry cleaning, removal of wax deposits, rehydration and regaining the original shape of the piece.
Keywords: Antimension, restoration, cult objects, Romanian in the Cyrillic alphabet, Slavonic
"
Effect of Sb-doping on Optical Properties of Fe2O3 Thin Films
Authors: A. Jabbar Wasmaa
Published: March 2021

Fe2O3 and Sb doped Fe2O3 thin films with deferent percentage wereintended via spray pyrolysis technique. Effect of Sb doped on opticalparameters was studied utilizing Double beam spectrophotometer in orderto locate transmittance spectra. Absorbance was raised with accretion of Sbconcentration, same behavior was noticed for extinction coefficient. Energygap was decreased from 3.25 eV for undoped film to 3.0 eV on 3% Sbdoping., while Reflectance, absorption coefficient and refractive indexwere shown the opposite behavior by decrease their values with increasingof Sb.
Synthesis of copper oxide nano-rice structures for enhancement of photocatalytic activity under natural sunlight
Authors: Abdul Salam A.Alkareem Roonak
Published: March 2021

In this work, copper oxide (CuO) nano-rice structure was prepared by hydrothermal method. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and UV-visible spectrophotometer. CuO nano-rice structure showed high photocatalytic activity towards degradation of methylene blue (MB). Hydrothermally growth of CuO provided uniformly distributed nano-rice structures with high degradation efficiency (90.41%) and rate constant (kt) 16.6 × 10-2 min-1 for methylene blue degradation.
Influence of Public Procurement and Asset Disposal Act on Performance of Executive State Corporations in Kenya
Authors: Omondi Musewe Stevens , Moronge Makori
Published: March 2021

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine influence of public procurement and asset disposal Act on performance of executive state corporations in Kenya with an aim of making recommendations on proper use.

Methodology: The study employed a descriptive research design targeting the all 62 executive state corporations operating in Kenya. Data was collected from heads of procurement and their deputies in the entities. The researcher preferred this method because it allowed an in-depth study of the subject. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Quantitative data was analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The qualitative data generated was analyzed by use of Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. The response rate of the study was 81%. The findings of the study indicated that regulation bodies, methods of procurement, preferences and reservations and disposal of assets have a positive relationship with performance of executive state corporations in Kenya.

Results and conclusion: The independent variables reported R value of 0.846 indicating that there was perfect relationship between dependent variable and independent variables. R square value of 0.715 means that 71.5% of the corresponding variation in performance of executive state corporations in Kenya can be explained or predicted by (preferences and reservation, regulation bodies, disposal of assets and methods of procurement) which indicated that the model fitted the study data. The results of regression analysis revealed that there was a significant positive relationship between dependent variable and independent variable at (β=0.715), p=0.000 <0.05). The findings of the study indicated that logistics information system, freight management, distributor base rationalization and transport planning have a positive relationship with performance of freight forwarding companies in Kenya.

Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: Finally, the study recommended that public institutions should embrace regulation bodies, methods of procurement, preferences and reservations and disposal of assets so as to improve performance of executive state corporations and further researches should to be carried out in other public institutions to find out if the same results can be obtained.
Strategy for e-Marketing
Authors: Kapoor Ms. Komal , Kaur Ms. Simranjit
Published: March 2021

Marketing is the group of various activities and techniques which are helping people to purchase a particular product and these various activities initiates from targeting markets and ends with the after sales service to the customers. All these activities includes communicating the value of the product, service or brand to the customers, for the purpose of promoting or selling that product, service, or brand. Marketing techniques which starts with choosing target markets through market analysis and market segmentation, and analyzing the consumer behavior and advertising a product's value to the customer.
In conventional style of trading and business the concept of marketing was used to take in different meaning, but with the passage of time with the advancement of science & Technology, the concept of marketing has changed to the great extent Marketing satisfies these needs and wants through exchange processes and building long-term relationships.
Recent approaches in marketing include relationship marketing with focus on the customer, business marketing or industrial marketing with focus on an organization or institution and social marketing with focus on benefits to society.[4] New forms of marketing also use the internet and are therefore called internet marketing or more generally e-marketing, online marketing, "digital marketing", search engine marketing, or desktop advertising. It attempts to perfect the segmentation strategy used in traditional marketing. It targets its audience more precisely, and is sometimes called personalized marketing or one-to-one marketing. Internet marketing is sometimes considered to be broad in scope, because it not only refers to marketing on the Internet, but also includes marketing done via e-mail, wireless media as well as driving audience from traditional marketing methods like radio and billboard to internet properties or landing page.
Power Flow Control in Hybrid System by using MPPT
Authors: Nandhinipriya M. S. , Sidheswaran M. , Krishnan S.
Published: March 2021

As of late eco-accommodating arrangements are acquiring fascination for energy age to conquer the ecological issues, yet unusual nature and high reliance on climate state are the principle limitation of inexhaustible sources. To topple this disadvantage, different sustainable sources should be coordinated such us PV, wind turbines and battery, the greatest test of this incorporation is to control and deal with the force stream. In this paper a control technique is proposed to manage the force stream from an independent solar panel to fulfill the heap need. This framework is applied in the Sim link climate and the recreation results got affirm the adequacy of the proposed control. A few strategies of control require a direct numerical model to get a backwards unique arrangement. Nonetheless, in more perplexing frameworks the linearization isn't sufficient to address the problem.
Diagnóstico de género sobre la educación de las mujeres en Panamá
Authors: Rodriguez Blanco Eugenia , De León Nadia , Marco Yolanda , Camara Cañizares Sara
Published: March 2021

Este estudio presenta un diagnóstico sobre la participación de las mujeres en el sistema educativo de Panamá desde una perspectiva de género entre el año 2006 y 2018. Se llevó a cabo utilizando la sección de educación del marco metodológico internacional comparativo de los “National Assessments on Gender and STI”, recolectando datos estadísticos de los últimos doce años con un trabajo cualitativo agregado por medio de entrevistas individuales y grupales con el objetivo de describir la participación de las mujeres en la educación en Panamá. Los resultados  muestran paridad en cuanto a alfabetización y años de estudio, pero estos logros a nivel nacional no se reflejan en las regiones indígenas. La tasa de estudiantes embarazadas es alarmante. Las mujeres culminan estudios terciarios en mayor proporción que los hombres, excepto a nivel de doctorado o en áreas como ingeniería e informática. El acceso de las mujeres a las oportunidades de aprendizaje continuo e informal es equitativo, aunque también concentradas en ciertas áreas. El resultado de esta desigual participación en la educación refleja y a la vez sostiene estereotipos e inequidades de género, limitando el aprovechamiento del recurso humano nacional en todo su potencial, y el alcance de la realización personal de toda la población panameña.
Participación de la Comunidad Educativa Escolar, factor de éxito, en el diseño y ejecución del Plan de Mejora
Authors: De Gracia G. Franklin
Published: March 2021

En diversos escenarios, han existido y existen propuestas para que se promueva la participación real y efectiva de los actores sociales en la toma de decisiones, diseño y ejecución de políticas, planes, programas y proyectos. En el caso del ámbito educativo, se plantea la necesidad de descentralizar y dar autonomía a padres, docentes y directivos para que aporten de acuerdo a su imaginario, ideas y soluciones a la diversidad de problemas que lo aquejan. 

En este artículo se presentan los hallazgos de una investigación que tenía como objetivo conocer y analizar los niveles de participación de la Comunidad Educativa Escolar, y su aporte al diseño y ejecución del Plan de Mejora en tres (3) escuelas: CEBG Ciudad Jardín las Mañanitas, CEBG Reino de los Países Bajos y CEBG Cirilo J. Martínez, de la Región Escolar de Panamá Centro, de la Provincia de Panamá.

Se utilizaron encuestas y entrevistas, como instrumentos de recolección de datos, que permitieron acopiar información que se agrupó en tres (3) indicadores: Nivel de participación de los actores socioeducativos, dentro de la organización educativa, nivel de efectividad de la comunicación, y los factores que facilitan o dificultan la participación de los actores intervinientes.  Los resultados obtenidos demuestran los altos niveles de participación, y la incidencia de la comunicación en la planificación, además de señalar algunos factores asociados que pueden facilitar la participación de los actores.
Estrategia didáctica para aprendices panameños del idioma chino en estadios iniciales
Authors: Yang Dong , Junfen Li
Published: March 2021

El idioma español y el chino pertenecen a distintas familias lingüísticas, lo que constituye una razón objetiva por la cual los estudiantes panameños perciben la adquisición del idioma chino como difícil. Sin embargo, durante su práctica docente en la Universidad de Panamá desde junio de 2018 hasta el momento,  las autoras del artículo han realizado prácticas con estudiantes adultos de chino mandarín de nivel básico como prueba y han comprobado fehacientemente que si el profesor adopta correctamente una estrategia de enseñanza efectiva, es posible hacer fácil lo difícil, estimular la motivación al estudio y mejorar la eficiencia en el aula. La investigación plantea la estrategia adoptada para el desarrollo de un curso integral de chino del nivel básico,  mediante la separación entre el lenguaje hablado y los caracteres chinos, la integración de módulos, la comunicación como centro focal y la enseñanza a través de  actividades. Las conclusiones arriban a la mejora efectiva del dominio del idioma chino de los aprendices panameños durante la etapa inicial.
Hacia una formalización teórica de la función sustantiva de vinculación
Authors: Solis Muñoz Juan Bautista , Vicuña Domínguez Marco Eugenio , Mantilla Crespo Xavier Augusto , Ormaza Andrade Jorge Edwin , Ochoa Crespo Juan Diego
Published: March 2021

En este texto se abordan esencialmente los estudios y posiciones teóricas de la vinculación con la sociedad desde su inicial concepción de extensión universitaria hasta su transformación en función sustantiva. La averiguación bibliográfica parte de la necesidad de fundamentación teórica de la vinculación, tomando en cuenta las debilidades que presenta en la articulación de las etapas de planificación, ejecución, monitoreo y evaluación con los programas académicos y las líneas de investigación e innovación de las instituciones de educación superior. En el abordaje de la posición teórica se han analizado artículos de revisión con evidencia empírica, desde una lógica estructurada alrededor de encontrar el pulso teórico de la vinculación con la sociedad. La principal novedad es la carencia de teoría que fundamente la función sustantiva de vinculación con la sociedad. Se concluye identificando desafíos, interrogantes, inquietudes y caminos en el campo científico y por ahora, desde los estudios aplicados que han sido revisados y sistematizados, se recomienda usar el modelo de la Triple Hélice donde confluye: Universidad- Sector Productivo y Comunitario-Estado, para adaptar el prototipo a la educación superior, generando una red de investigación e innovación, programas académicos con pertinencia e identidad territorial y los proyectos de vinculación, con el objetivo de responder proactivamente a los problemas sociales y transformar la realidad de los sectores público, privado y de la economía popular y solidaria de la región y del país.
Análisis de las narrativas de actores frente al papel de las emociones en el conflicto escolar
Authors: Barrios Leonel José Edilson
Published: March 2021

Esta investigación tiene como propósito analizar el rol que tienen las emociones en el conflicto escolar en un contexto de postconflicto en Colombia, a partir de las narraciones de los actores educativos. Para el desarrollo de este escrito, se identificaron las situaciones que generan conflicto en el escenario escolar, se estableció la frecuencia que tienen los conflictos, se analizó el papel que tienen las emociones en la generación y en la superación de los conflictos que se presentan en el escenario escolar, se estudiaron las narraciones que hacen los actores educativos de la forma como las emociones intervienen en las situaciones de conflicto y se estableció la incidencia del conflicto escolar en el contexto de postconflicto que vive Colombia actualmente. El estudio se llevó a cabo en el Colegio Miguel Antonio Caro de Engativá y buscó establecer el tipo de situaciones que conducen a la generación de conflicto, la existencia de normas relacionadas con la convivencia y manejo de conflictos en la institución, la agresividad en los conflictos escolares, las formas de superación del conflicto, el nivel de preparación de la institución para superar conflictos, las emociones observadas, las personas emocionalmente involucradas, los hechos generadores de emociones, así como las emociones presentes durante la convivencia pacífica.
Innovación metodológica en la universidad: Análisis del curso de Iniciación a la Docencia Universitaria
Authors: Martínez Hervás Noelia , Jiménez Rodríguez Miguel Ángel
Published: March 2021

Este artículo señala el impacto del curso de Iniciación a la Docencia Universitaria (IDU) que imparte la Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir (UCV) sobre la formación pedagógica del profesorado universitario, un instrumento fundamental para la adaptación a las nuevas exigencias marcadas por el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior.

La muestra del estudio estuvo constituida por un grupo experimental IDU, formado por 36 profesores que cursaron dicha formación durante la investigación; un grupo experimental, formado por 6 profesores que además implementaron una metodología centrada en el aprendizaje y un grupo control, formado por 27 profesores que no habían realizado la formación.

Se utilizó un diseño cuasi-experimental con medidas de pretest y postest. La recogida de datos se llevó a cabo mediante dos instrumentos diferenciados, un cuestionario escala tipo Likert y un portafolios para analizar la implementación de la metodología llevada a cabo por el profesorado del grupo experimental.

Se concluyó que el grupo experimental IDU modificó sus creencias sobre la importancia de la formación pedagógica.
IDENTIDAD DE ENFERMEDAD Y AFRONTAMIENTO: SU ROL EN LA ADHERENCIA TERAPÉUTICA DE PACIENTES DIABÉTICOS E HIPERTENSOS; ECUADOR 2019
Authors: Serrano Patten Ana Caridad , Bermeo Barros David Marcelo , Cuenca Ochoa Jeniffer Dayana , Hernández Rodríguez Yenima De la Caridad
Published: March 2021

La identidad de enfermedad es un constructo novedoso que explica la manera en que los pacientes incorporan una enfermedad crónica a su identidad personal. Al relacionarse con otras variables psicológicas, demográficas y clínicas dentro del proceso salud-enfermedad, contribuye a la explicación de las diferencias de comportamientos de los pacientes con enfermedades crónicas en torno a la adherencia al tratamiento. Objetivo: Analizar la relación existente entre identidad de enfermedad, estrategias de afrontamiento, variables sociodemográficas y clínicas con la adherencia terapéutica de pacientes con diabetes mellitus e hipertensión arterial atendidos en un hospital de la provincia del Azuay, Ecuador. Metodología: Estudio correlacional de corte transversal con 300 pacientes. Recolección de datos: ficha sociodemográfica, Cuestionario de Identidad de Enfermedad, Escala de adherencia y Escala Multidimensional de Evaluación de las Estrategias Generales de Afrontamiento (COPE 28). Análisis: estadística descriptiva, coeficiente de correlación Rho de Spearman, U de Mann Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, p≤ 0.05. Resultados: Correlaciones positivas estadísticamente significativas entre la adherencia terapéutica y las dimensiones de identidad de enfermedad “aceptación” p(rho)=0,323**, “rechazo” p(rho)=0,290** y el afrontamiento centrado en el problema p(rho)=0,433**. Con correlaciones negativas con la adherencia terapéutica se encontraron la edad, el tiempo de diagnóstico y la dimensión “envolvimiento”, con valores p(rho)= -0,399**; p(rho)= -0,128* y p(rho)=-0,41* respectivamente. Conclusiones: Los incumplimientos de las indicaciones de tratamiento de los pacientes hipertensos y diabéticos están relacionados con la edad, el tiempo de diagnóstico de la enfermedad, las dimensiones adaptativas y desadaptativas de la identidad de enfermedad, así como a estrategias de afrontamiento centradas en el problema.
FOMENTO DE LA TRIBUTACIÓN DESDE LA VINCULACIÓN CON LA SOCIEDAD. CASO UNEMI
Authors: Carvajal Ana , Escobar Yecenia , Moreira María Fernanda
Published: March 2021

Este trabajo tiene por objetivo exponer las estrategias aplicadas en el proyecto de vinculación Consultoría tributaria y contable en la comunidad 2018 de la UNEMI, que permitieron conocer la realidad situacional de los contribuyentes. A través del proyecto de vinculación se busca formar a comerciantes, personas naturales no obligadas a llevar contabilidad bajo relación de dependencia, y miembros de las asociaciones y cooperativas agrícolas de la ciudad de Milagro y sus zonas aledañas, con el propósito de crear conciencia de sus obligaciones con el Estado, fomentando una cultura tributaria y manejo de registros contables básicos. Las estrategias aplicadas para la ejecución del proyecto son: planificación, preparación de los estudiantes, capacitación a los contribuyentes y análisis de los resultados. La investigación es exploratorio-descriptiva y de campo, los beneficiarios directos están representados por 323 personas. Para la recolección de la información se aplicó la técnica de la encuesta. Los resultados preliminares revelaron que las asociaciones recurren a terceros para cumplir con sus deberes formales, pero después de recibir las capacitaciones se evidencia un mayor dominio en temas tributarios. Para lograr una formación tributaria que conduzca al ciudadano a cumplir sus responsabilidades con el estado, se considera necesario el trabajo en conjunto entre la administración tributaria, instituciones de educación superior y la comunidad.
RECUPERACIÓN DE QUEBRADAS DEL ÁREA URBANA DE LA CIUDAD DE AMBATO
Authors: Miranda Paredes Linda Elizabeth , Cardet García Javier Jacinto
Published: March 2021

La ciudad de Ambato, capital de la provincia de Tungurahua, ha sufrido un incremento poblacional importante, debido a varios factores que han incidido en este fenómeno demográfico, como: procesos migratorios, la ubicación estratégica en el centro del país, la gran actividad comercial, la presencia de instituciones de educación superior, entre otras. Esta carga poblacional acarrea la generación de problemáticas y necesidades de vivienda, equipamiento público de recreación, salud, educación, seguridad, vialidad, transporte, otros, que de acuerdo a las competencias de las instituciones públicas y privadas se deben cubrir. En este sentido, el espacio público recreativo en el centro de la ciudad es limitado, razón por la cual, la municipalidad está tomando áreas verdes de quebradas, y riberas del río Ambato para implantar proyectos que promuevan la protección y cuidado de estas cuencas hídricas, en donde se va a intervenir mediante el convenio de vinculación entre el GAD Municipal y la Universidad Tecnológica Indoamerica, el objetivo es proponer un proyecto paisajístico mediante la Aplicación de la metodología de Tratamiento del Paisaje en las quebradas del área urbana de la ciudad de Ambato,específicamente en la Quebrada Jalupana, adyacente a la calle Los Cocos, ubicada en el sector El Sueño. Dentro de este marco, la propuesta está direccionada a aprovechar la cuenca visual de la acequia paralela a la calle Los Cocos, a optimizar la vía mediante el mejoramiento integral de camineras, al mejoramiento de las condiciones de las escalinatas, espacios y mobiliario urbano y la adecuada selección de la vegetación aplicada en este Paisaje del sector. En relación con las implicaciones, el alto nivel de impacto del proyecto se debe a que esta vía es una es una arteria que comunica dos avenidas principales, la Circunvalación y la Rodrigo Pachano, sin duda es un aporte con el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de la población residente y de los transeúntes.