bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On Approximate Matrix Factorization and TASE W-Methods for the Time Integration of Parabolic Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Conte Dajana , González-Pinto Severiano , Hernández-Abreu Domingo , Pagano Giovanni
Published: June 2024

Linearly implicit methods for Ordinary Differential Equations combined with the application of Approximate Matrix Factorization (AMF) provide efficient numerical methods for the solution of large semi-discrete parabolic Partial Differential Equations in several spatial dimensions. Interesting particular subclasses of such linearly implicit methods are the so-called W-methods and the TASE W-methods recently introduced in González-Pinto et al. (Appl Numer Math, 188:129–145, 2023) with the aim of reducing the computational cost of the TASE Runge–Kutta methods in Bassenne et al. (J Comput Phys 424:109847, 2021) and Calvo et al. (J Comp Phys 436:110316, 2021). In this paper, we study the application of the AMF approach in combination with TASE W-methods. While for AMF W-methods the temporal order of consistency is immediately obtained from that of the underlying W-method, this property needs a more thorough analysis for the newly introduced AMF-TASE W-methods. For these latter methods it is described which are the additional order conditions to be fulfilled and it is shown that the parallel structure of the methods is crucial to retain the order of consistency of the underlying TASE W-method. Numerical experiments are presented in three spatial dimensions to assess the consistency result and to show that the proposed schemes are competitive with other well-known good performing AMF W-methods.
Characterization of meteoric 10Be in certified reference materials for use in internal control standards
Authors: Méndez-García C. G. , Rojas-López G. , Solís C. , Padilla S. , Chávez E. , Huerta A.
Published: June 2024

In recent decades, interest in the measurement of 10Be has increased due to its relevance in various fields of science. Trace amounts of 10Be produced from meteoric sources require sensitive accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) measurements and robust sample preparation. The extraction, separation, and preparation of the appropriate oxide form for AMS require extensive and careful laboratory processing and certified reference materials to validate the chemical performance of the protocols used and the calibration of the AMS system in the measurement. In this work, the meteoric 10Be concentrations in two certified reference materials are characterized to establish their suitability as internal control standards for laboratory chemical preparation and AMS measurements of this radioisotope in our laboratory and the whole AMS community.
Well-conditioned AI-assisted sub-matrix selection for numerically stable constrained form-finding of reticulated shells using geometric deep Q-learning
Authors: Tam K.-M. M. , Maia Avelino R. , Kudenko D. , Van Mele T. , Block P.
Published: June 2024

The selection of well-conditioned sub-matrices is a critical concern in problems across multiple disciplines, particularly those demanding robust numerical stability. This research introduces an innovative, AI-assisted approach to sub-matrix selection, aimed at enhancing the form-finding of reticulated shell structures under the xy-constrained Force Density Method (also known as Thrust Network Analysis), using independent edge sets. The goal is to select a well-conditioned sub-matrix within a larger matrix with an inherent graph interpretation where each column represents an edge in the corresponding graph. The selection of ill-conditioned edges poses a significant challenge because it can render large segments of the parameter space numerically unstable, leading to numerical sensitivities that may impede design exploration and optimisation. By improving the selection of edges, the research assists in computing a pseudo-inverse for a critical sub-problem in structural form-finding, thereby enhancing numerical stability. Central to the selection strategy is a novel combination of deep reinforcement learning based on Deep Q-Networks and geometric deep learning based on CW Network. The proposed framework, which generalises across a trans-topological design space encompassing patterns of varying sizes and connectivity, offers a robust strategy that effectively identifies better-conditioned independent edges leading to improved optimisation routines with the potential to be extended for sub-matrix selection problems with graph interpretations in other domains.
“The Human Must Remain the Central Focus”: Subjective Fairness Perceptions in Automated Decision-Making
Authors: Szafran Daria , Bach Ruben L.
Published: June 2024

The increasing use of algorithms in allocating resources and services in both private industry and public administration has sparked discussions about their consequences for inequality and fairness in contemporary societies. Previous research has shown that the use of automated decision-making (ADM) tools in high-stakes scenarios like the legal justice system might lead to adverse societal outcomes, such as systematic discrimination. Scholars have since proposed a variety of metrics to counteract and mitigate biases in ADM processes. While these metrics focus on technical fairness notions, they do not consider how members of the public, as most affected subjects by algorithmic decisions, perceive fairness in ADM. To shed light on subjective fairness perceptions of individuals, this study analyzes individuals’ answers to open-ended fairness questions about hypothetical ADM scenarios that were embedded in the German Internet Panel (Wave 54, July 2021), a probability-based longitudinal online survey. Respondents evaluated the fairness of vignettes describing the use of ADM tools across different contexts. Subsequently, they explained their fairness evaluation providing a textual answer. Using qualitative content analysis, we inductively coded those answers (N = 3697). Based on their individual understanding of fairness, respondents addressed a wide range of aspects related to fairness in ADM which is reflected in the 23 codes we identified. We subsumed those codes under four overarching themes: Human elements in decision-making, Shortcomings of the data, Social impact of AI, and Properties of AI. Our codes and themes provide a valuable resource for understanding which factors influence public fairness perceptions about ADM.
Physiological responses of the nickel hyperaccumulator Bornmuellera emarginata under varying nickel dose levels and pH in hydroponics
Authors: Ly Serigne N. , Echevarria Guillaume , Aarts Mark G. M. , Ouvrard Stéphanie , van der Ent Antony
Published: June 2024

Background and aims

The nickel hyperaccumulator Bornmuellera emarginata (Brassicaceae) is a species adapted to thrive on naturally nickel-enriched ultramafic soils in the Balkans and a promising candidate for use in nickel agromining. The main aim of this study was to provide insight into the physiological mechanisms of nickel hyperaccumulation in B. emarginata.

Methods

Bornmuellera emarginata was cultivated under various nickel exposure concentrations (control, 1, 10, and 100 µM nickel in solution), and different pH levels of the hydroponic solution for four weeks. During this period, the plants underwent assessment for various physiological parameters, including photosynthetic pigments, leaf relative water content, tolerance index, and metal accumulation in plant tissues.

Results

The results show that the translocation factors and bioconcentration factors were > 1 even at 1 µM nickel in solution. This confirms the ability of B. emarginata to hyperaccumulate nickel (up to 6600 mg kg−1) over a wide range of nickel concentrations in hydroponics. Nickel at 100 µM (a concentration that is an order of magnitude higher than the highest soil solution nickel concentration found in ultramafic soils) induced only mild physiological stress symptoms (e.g. a minor proline response). Alterations in the solution pH did not cause any significant effect on nickel accumulation in the plants.

Conclusions

Bornmuellera emarginata is a highly adapted nickel-tolerant and nickel hyperaccumulating species that shows very little stress responses even to extreme nickel exposure concentrations in hydroponics. This species shows interesting trade-off responses between nickel and other metals, including non-competitive uptake of zinc. The potential for this species to accumulate zinc should therefore be further explored.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the academic achievement of elementary and junior high school students: analysis using administrative data from Amagasaki City
Authors: Asakawa Shinsuke , Ohtake Fumio , Sano Shinpei
Published: June 2024

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a global impact on children’s education. In Amagasaki City, Japan, elementary and junior high schools were temporarily closed for approximately three months during the pandemic. This study examines the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on academic performance in mathematics and the Japanese language among public elementary and junior high school students in Grades 1 to 8. Using data from the Amagasaki City Survey of Academic Achievement and Life Conditions from 2018 to 2021, this study compares changes in the academic performance of cohorts with and without COVID-19 experience (the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 cohorts, respectively) 7 and 19 months after school closures using the difference-in-differences method. The findings indicate that the negative impact of the pandemic on academic performance was more pronounced for math than for the Japanese language, both at 7 months and 19 months after the closures. Math scores showed considerable decreases of 0.133 standard deviations (SDs) and 0.249 SDs at 7 and 19 months after the closures, respectively, while Japanese language scores were not significantly affected 7 months after closures but decreased by 0.113 SDs at 19 months after the closures. Furthermore, the negative effects on Japanese language scores were more significant for individuals in younger grades, whereas math scores were consistently affected across all grades. These results have important implications for policymakers and educators struggling to overcome the learning losses among children caused by the pandemic.
Exploring the Composition of Europa with the Upcoming Europa Clipper Mission
Authors: Becker T. M. , Zolotov M. Y. , Gudipati M. S. , Soderblom J. M. , McGrath M. A. , Henderson B. L. , Hedman M. M. , Choukroun M. , Clark R. N. , Chivers C. , Wolfenbarger N. S. , Glein C. R. , Castillo-Rogez J. C. , Mousis O. , Scanlan K. M. , Diniega S. , Seelos F. P. , Goode W. , Postberg F. , Grima C. , Hsu H.-W. , Roth L. , Trumbo S. K. , Miller K. E. , Chan K. , Paranicas C. , Brooks S. M. , Soderlund K. M. , McKinnon W. B. , Hibbitts C. A. , Smith H. T. , Molyneux P. M. , Gladstone G. R. , Cable M. L. , Ulibarri Z. E. , Teolis B. D. , Horanyi M. , Jia X. , Leonard E. J. , Hand K. P. , Vance S. D. , Howell S. M. , Quick L. C. , Mishra I. , Rymer A. M. , Briois C. , Blaney D. L. , Raut U. , Waite J. H. , Retherford K. D. , Shock E. , Withers P. , Westlake J. H. , Jun I. , Mandt K. E. , Buratti B. J. , Korth H. , Pappalardo R. T. ,   the Europa Clipper Composition Working Group
Published: June 2024

Jupiter’s icy moon, Europa, harbors a subsurface liquid water ocean; the prospect of this ocean being habitable motivates further exploration of the moon with the upcoming NASA Europa Clipper mission. Key among the mission goals is a comprehensive assessment of the moon’s composition, which is essential for assessing Europa’s habitability. Through powerful remote sensing andin situinvestigations, the Europa Clipper mission will explore the composition of Europa’s surface and subsurface, its tenuous atmosphere, and the local space environment surrounding the moon. Clues on the interior composition of Europa will be gathered through these assessments, especially in regions that may expose subsurface materials, including compelling geologic landforms or locations indicative of recent or current activity such as potential plumes. The planned reconnaissance of the icy world will constrain models that simulate the ongoing external and internal processes that act to alter its composition. This paper presents the composition-themed goals for the Europa Clipper mission, the synergistic, composition-focused investigations that will be conducted, and how the anticipated scientific return will advance our understanding of the origin, evolution, and current state of Europa.
Advantages and drawbacks of life cycle assessment application to the pharmaceuticals: a short critical literature review
Authors: Satta Marco , Passarini Fabrizio , Cespi Daniele , Ciacci Luca
Published: June 2024

Pharmaceuticals are among the most challenging products to assess by life cycle assessment (LCA). The main drawback highlighted by LCA practitioners is the lack of inventory data, both regarding the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) precursors (upstream) and the details concerning the downstream phases (use and end of life). A short critical review of pharma-LCAs found in the literature is here proposed, with discussion of several tools and models used to predict the environmental impacts derived from the life cycle of pharmaceuticals, emphasizing current strengths and weaknesses, and exploring the possibilities for improvements. The case of antibiotics is selected as a representative class of pharmaceuticals, due to their massive use worldwide and the growing related issue of antimicrobial resistance enrichment, which is generally not included in most of LCAs. Also, we comment on drafting product category rules (PCRs) in the relevant field to develop standard methodologies and enhance the comparability of the studies, ultimately advocating collaboration with companies and improving inventory data quality and availability for the whole value chain of products.
Urgent needs for second life using and recycling design of wasted electric vehicles (EVs) lithium-ion battery: a scientometric analysis
Authors: Zahoor Aqib , Kun Róbert , Mao Guozhu , Farkas Ferenc , Sápi András , Kónya Zoltán
Published: June 2024

Currently, lithium-ion batteries are increasingly widely used and generate waste due to the rapid development of the EV industry. Meanwhile, how to reuse “second life” and recycle “extracting of valuable metals” of these wasted EVBs has been a hot research topic. The 4810 relevant articles from SCI and SSCI Scopus databases were obtained. Scientometric analysis about second life using and recycling methodologies of wasted EVBs was conducted by VOSviewer, Pajek, and Netdraw. According to analytical results, the research of second life using and recycling mythologies has been growing and the expected achievement will continue to increase. China, Germany, the USA, Italy, and the UK are the most active countries in this field. Tsinghua University in China, “Fraunhofer ISI, Karlsruhe” in Germany, and “Polytechnic di Torino” in Italy are the most productive single and collaborative institutions. The journals SAE technical papers and World Electric Vehicle Journal have the highest publication and citations than other journals. Chinese author “Li Y” has the highest number of 36 publications, and his papers were cited 589 times by other authors. By analyzing the co-occurrence and keywords, energy analysis, second life (stationary using, small industry), and treatment methods, (hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgical, electrochemical, bio-metallurgical) were the hot research topics. The S-curve from the article indicates hydrometallurgical and bio-metallurgical methods are attached with great potential in the near future. Further, different treatment methodologies are observed especially advanced techniques in hydrometallurgical, and spent medium bioleaching techniques in bio-metallurgical are good, economically cheap, has low CO2 emission, environmentally friendly, and has high recovery rate. Finally, this research provides information on second life use and top recycling methodology opportunities for future research direction for researchers and decision-makers who are interested in this research.
Adoption of robot-assisted radical nephroureterectomy permits a minimally invasive option for management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma in geriatric patients: comparison with non-geriatric patients with intermediate-term oncologic follow-up
Authors: Refugia Justin M. , Thakker Parth U. , O’Rourke Timothy K. , Cohen Adam , Bradshaw Aaron , Casals Randy , Sandberg Maxwell , Whitman Wyatt , Saini Sumit , Hemal Ashok K.
Published: June 2024

To assess the oncologic efficacy and safety of robot-assisted approach to radical nephroureterectomy (RARNU) in geriatric versus younger patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). A single-center, retrospective cohort study was conducted from 2009 to 2022 of 145 patients (two cohorts: < 75 and ≥ 75 years old) with non-metastatic UTUC who underwent RARNU. Primary endpoint was UTUC-related recurrence of disease during surveillance (bladder-specific and metastatic). Safety was assessed according to 30-day, modified Clavien–Dindo (CD) classifications (Major: C.D. III–V). Survival estimates were performed using Kaplan–Meier method. There were 89 patients < 75 years (median 65 years) and 56 patients ≥ 75 years (median 81 years). Comparing the young versus geriatric cohorts: median follow-up 38 vs 24 months (p = 0.03, respectively) with similar 3-year bladder-specific recurrence survival (60% vs 67%, HR 0.70, 95% CI [0.35, 1.40], p = 0.31) and metastasis-free survival (79% vs 70%, HR 0.71, 95% CI [0.30, 1.70], p = 0.44). Expectedly, the younger cohort had a significant deviation in overall survival compared to the geriatric cohort at 1-year (89% vs 76%) and 3-years (72% vs 41%; HR 3.29, 95% CI [1.88, 5.78], p < 0.01). The 30-day major (1% vs 0) and minor complications (8% vs 14%, p = 0.87). Limitations include retrospective study design of a high-volume, single-surgeon experience. Compared to younger patients with UTUC, geriatric patients undergoing RARNU have similar oncologic outcomes at intermediate-term follow-up with no increased risk of 30-day perioperative complications. Thus, age alone should not be used to disqualify patients from definitive surgical management of UTUC with RARNU.
The Effect of Loading Inclination and Eccentricity on the Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations: A Review
Authors: Pantelidis Lysandros , Meddah Abdelaziz
Published: June 2024

This paper provides a comprehensive review on the effect of load inclination and eccentricity on the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. Regarding load eccentricity, Meyerhof’s intuitive formula $${B}{\prime}=B-2{e}_{b}$$

B
′
=
B
-
2

e
b

aligns well with finite element analyses, though it is slightly conservative. Analysis using finite element results revealed the more accurate formula $$B-1.9{e}_{b}$$

B
-
1.9

e
b

. Concerning load inclination factors, numerous such factors exist in the literature. However, most are either intuitive or derived from small-scale experimental results, rendering them unreliable due to the significant impact of model scale on the bearing capacity of footings. Based on numerical results, it is proposed that all inclination factors (namely $${i}_{c}$$

i
c

, $${i}_{\gamma }$$

i
γ

and $${i}_{q}$$

i
q

) can be reliably expressed by a formula of the form $${\left(1-{f}_{1}\cdot {\tan }\left({f}_{3}\delta \right)\right)}^{{f}_{2}}$$

1
-

f
1

·
tan

f
3

δ

f
2

, where $$\delta$$
δ
is the inclination angle of the loading with respect to the vertical, $${f}_{1}$$

f
1

and $${f}_{3}$$

f
3

are coefficients and $${f}_{2}=3$$

f
2

=
3

. The latter ensures smooth transition from the bearing capacity failure to the sliding failure as $$\delta$$
δ
increases. It is also observed that many $$i-$$

i
-

factors in the literature and various design standards employ an impermissible combination of sliding resistance at the footing-soil interface and Mohr–Coulomb bearing capacity failure under the footing. Moreover, it is shown that only the $${i}_{c}$$

i
c

factor depends on the angle of internal friction of soil. Finally, Vesic’s 1975 “m” interpolation formula largely falls short in accurately representing the effect of the direction of the horizontal loading.
Biomarkers in breast cancer 2024: an updated consensus statement by the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology and the Spanish Society of Pathology
Authors: Colomer Ramon , González-Farré Blanca , Ballesteros Ana Isabel , Peg Vicente , Bermejo Begoña , Pérez-Mies Belén , de la Cruz Susana , Rojo Federico , Pernas Sonia , Palacios José
Published: June 2024

This revised consensus statement of the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM) and the Spanish Society of Pathological Anatomy (SEAP) updates the recommendations for biomarkers use in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer that we first published in 2018. The expert group recommends determining in early breast cancer the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), Ki-67, and Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2 (HER2), as well as BReast CAncer (BRCA) genes in high-risk HER2-negative breast cancer, to assist prognosis and help in indicating the therapeutic options, including hormone therapy, chemotherapy, anti-HER2 therapy, and other targeted therapies. One of the four available genetic prognostic platforms (Oncotype DX®, MammaPrint®, Prosigna®, or EndoPredict®) may be used in ER-positive patients with early breast cancer to establish a prognostic category and help decide with the patient whether adjuvant treatment may be limited to hormonal therapy. In second-line advanced breast cancer, in addition, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) and estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) should be tested in hormone-sensitive cases, BRCA gene mutations in HER2-negative cancers, and in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), programmed cell death-1 ligand (PD-L1). Newer biomarkers and technologies, including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) testing, serine/threonine kinase (AKT) pathway activation, and next-generation sequencing (NGS), are at this point investigational.
Impact of immediate breast reconstruction on perioperative therapy: insights from a Japanese Nationwide Registry
Authors: Sasada Shinsuke , Kumamaru Hiraku , Hayashi Naoki , Kinukawa Naoko , Toi Masakazu , Jinno Hiromitsu , Saji Shigehira
Published: June 2024

Background

Immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) is a common oncoplastic procedure used in breast cancer surgery. This study aims to investigate compliance with prosthetic breast reconstruction guidelines and its impact on perioperative treatment.

Methods

We reviewed data from the National Clinical Database-Breast Cancer Registry between January 2019 and December 2020. We compared perioperative treatment implementation between the IBR and non-IBR groups by subtype matching for age, menopausal status, T stage, N stage, and histology.

Results

A total of 8,860 patients with breast cancer who underwent IBR (6,075 breast prostheses, 2,492 autologous tissues, and 293 others) were identified. The compliance rate with the guidelines for prosthetic breast reconstruction was 97.7%. After matching, chemotherapy for luminal A-like diseases was significantly less frequent in the IBR group than in the non-IBR group (16.3% vs 20.5%, p < 0.001), and radiotherapy was less frequent in luminal A-like and HER2-positive patients (7.2% vs 9.0%, p = 0.010 and 7.1% vs 11.4%, p = 0.005, respectively). Among the 1–3 node-positive cases, fewer patients with prosthetic IBR received radiotherapy than those without IBR (15.7% vs 26.4%, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Prosthetic breast reconstruction was performed with strict adherence to the Japanese guidelines. The implementation rates of chemotherapy and radiotherapy were lower in the specific IBR group than those in the non-IBR group. Therefore, large-scale, long-term follow-up data are required.
Descaling of Evaporator Tubes in Sugarcane Factories Using Molasses as a Green and Effective Technology
Authors: El‑Nahas Safaa , Khodari Mahmoud , Hamam Ali A. , Gad El Rab Ahmed N. , Toghan Arafat
Published: June 2024

Deposition inside sugarcane factory evaporators (SFE) significantly lowers the heat transmission and can cause corrosion. This consequently reduces their efficiency, which is clearly a severe issue in the industrial sector. Up to the present time, caustic soda remains the most widely used reagent for descaling sugar industry evaporators. Understanding the scale's composition assists in determining which kinds of cleaners can effectively clean the evaporators. Scales are built in sugar evaporators as a result of the phosphitation or sulfitation processes used to chemically clean juice. In this perspective, molasses is used to descale SFE as a green manner. Molasses includes significant amounts of organic acids and nitrogenous chemical compounds, as shown by GC-mass analysis, and can be utilized as cleaning agents. XRD patterns for four scales from different sugar evaporators indicated that calcium sulfate and calcium phosphate were the predominant components at Egypt's Quos Sugarcane Factory and Dishina Sugarcane Factory, respectively. Actually, dispersed molasses demonstrated an acceptable removal effectiveness of up to 65% in all tested evaporative bodies. Furthermore, molasses solutions were tested in both basic and acidic settings and did not promote corrosion through the body's evaporative tubes. The oxidation of the molasses mixture with air or hydrogen peroxide showed that the efficacy of scale removal decreased. The findings suggested that molasses, as byproduct of sugarcane factories can be successfully employed in descaling as a green cleaning agent. This could be helpful in the development of descaling materials for the industrial sector.
Probiotic-Reduced Inflammaging in Older Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Lazou-Ahrén Irini , Björklund Malin , Molin Göran , Xu Jie , Önning Gunilla , Elmståhl Sölve , Jeppsson Bengt
Published: June 2024

The disparity between increased lifespan and healthy aging, marked by prevalent “inflammaging”, highlights the global challenge in care of older persons. This study explored the anti-inflammatory effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HEAL9 (LpHEAL9), alone or combined with berries, on older volunteers with chronic low-grade inflammation (LGI). It was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, with a total of 66 volunteers (> 70 years old), randomly assigned, and equally distributed, to placebo, LpHEAL9 or LpHEAL9 + Berries group. After a 2-week run-in period, participants underwent a 4-week dietary intervention. Intake of LpHEAL9 showed a trend towards reduction in serum CRP but without reaching statistical significance. However, LpHEAL9 significantly decreased fecal calprotectin levels compared to placebo. LpHEAL9+Berries did not show any effect on inflammation. Both probiotic groups showed a trend in improving cognitive function albeit not reaching statistical significance. Our findings suggest that the probiotic strain L. plantarum HEAL9 has a modest impact on LGI in a healthy older population (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02342496).
Towards a Registry for Digital Resources – The Text+ Registry for Editions
Authors: Gradl Tobias , Kudella Christoph , Lordick Harald , Schulz Daniela
Published: June 2024

The paper presents the Text+ Registry as a central system to describe and catalogue different kinds of resources. Using the example of editions and edition projects, desiderata and challenges regarding their discoverability are outlined, and the data model to cater for the wide range of different types of editions is described. With its overarching and flexible approach, the Text+ Registry is a versatile and flexible technical component, designed for future expansion and broad connectivity.
Enablers and constraints to teacher educator wellbeing amidst institutional accountability cultures: a PERMA perspective
Authors: Larsen Ellen , Barton Georgina , Turner Kristina , Garvis Susie
Published: June 2024

The work of contemporary teacher educators in university contexts is under increasing political and public scrutiny as the focus on Initial Teacher Education (ITE) reform intensifies. Consequently, there are growing concerns for teacher educators’ wellbeing amidst escalating expectations and pressures. While research has explored the wellbeing of university academics more generally, less is understood about teacher educators more specifically. This paper aims to deepen understanding of the perceived enablers and constraints influencing how teacher educators experience wellbeing within their everyday work as academics in higher education contexts. Using metalogue as method, nine teacher educators from two Australian universities collectively reflected on their wellbeing during an online focus group session guided by an arts-based activity. Framed by the key constructs of the PERMA wellbeing framework, the ensuing metalogue was analysed thematically. Findings highlighted the particular importance they place on feeling a sense of value, purpose, and meaning in their work as educators for their wellbeing. Findings further showed how the impact of current external reform-driven accountabilities on their work and that of educators in the profession more broadly constrain their wellbeing. These findings have implications for institutional leaders and teacher educators in Australia and internationally where academics are experiencing performative cultures.
Hyper β-glucosidase producer Beauveria bassiana SAN01—optimization of fermentation conditions and evaluation of saccharification potential
Authors: Magwaza Buka , Amobonye Ayodeji , Bhagwat Prashant , Pillai Santhosh
Published: June 2024

The hyper-production of β-glucosidase by a local strain of Beauveria bassiana under submerged conditions is reported in this study. The initial screening of seven agricultural residues showed that the haulm of Bambara—an underutilized African legume—supported the highest β-glucosidase production; hence, statistical optimization of enzyme production was done using this biomass as the sole carbon source. Plackett–Burman design identified the concentrations of Bambara haulm, KCl, and NaCl as well as agitation speed and incubation time as the most significant factors affecting enzyme production. Subsequently, the central composite design predicted the optimal conditions (Bambara 57 g/L, KCl 302 mg/L, NaCl 154 mg/L, agitation speed 150 rpm, and incubation 223 h) for B. bassiana β-glucosidase production, which were further validated. The generated quadratic model was deemed significant judging from its F-value (201.63), adequate precision ratio (45.74), as well as the R2 (0.9988), adjusted R2 (0.9938), and predicted R2 (0.9195) values. The optimization resulted in a ~5.36-fold increase in enzyme levels from the unoptimized production of ~133 to 711 U/mL. The enzyme was also demonstrated to efficiently hydrolyze cellobiose, converting more than 90% of the substrate to glucose. These results further establish the resourcefulness of the B. bassiana strain for the production of β-glucosidase enzyme, having immense potential, especially in the food and energy industries.
The Use of ChatGPT in Source-Based Writing Tasks
Authors: Tarchi Christian , Zappoli Alessandra , Casado Ledesma Lidia , Brante Eva Wennås
Published: June 2024

ChatGPT, a chatbot based on a Generative Pre-trained Transformer model, can be used as a teaching tool in the educational setting, providing text in an interactive way. However, concerns point out risks and disadvantages, as possible incorrect or irrelevant answers, privacy concerns, and copyright issues. This study aims to categorize the strategies used by undergraduate students completing a source-based writing task (SBW, i.e., written production based on texts previously read) with the help of ChatGPT and their relation to the quality and content of students’ written products. ChatGPT can be educationally useful in SBW tasks, which require the synthesis of information from a text in response to a prompt. SBW requires mastering writing conventions and an accurate understanding of source material. We collected 27 non-expert users of ChatGPT and writers (Mage = 20.37; SD = 2.17). We administered a sociodemographic questionnaire, an academic writing motivation scale, and a measure of perceived prior knowledge. Participants were given a source-based writing task with access to ChatGPT as external aid. They performed a retrospective think-aloud interview on ChatGPT use. Data showed limited use of ChatGPT due to limited expertise and ethical concerns. The level of integration of conflicting information showed to not be associated with the interaction with ChatGPT. However, the use of ChatGPT showed a negative association with the amount of literal source-text information that students include in their written product.
The release and migration mechanism of arsenic during pyrolysis process of Chinese coals
Authors: Sun Meijie , Zhou Lingmei , Zhong Jiali , Zhao Yingjie , Zheng Hao , Qu Beibei , Ma Maolin
Published: June 2024

Special attention was drawn to the heavy metals contained in coal, due to it will cause harm to the environment during coal processing and utilization. The sequential chemical extraction of Shanxi coal (SX coal) and Wulanchabu coal (WLCB coal) was carried out to investigate the distribution of arsenic (As) in coals. Two raw coals were pyrolyzed at 300–900 °C in horizontal tubular furnace to investigate release behavior of As during pyrolysis process. The results showed that As in SX coal mainly existed in aluminosilicate-bound state (40.25%) and disulfide-bound state (32.51%), followed by carbonate-bound state and organic-bound state. The As in WLCB coal mainly existed in aluminosilicate-bound state (62.50%), followed by disulfide-bound state (19.10%). The As contents of water-soluble, ion-exchange and residue states in the two coals were less than others. The modes of occurrence of As had great influence on its volatilization behavior. As in organic part was easy to volatilize at low temperature. Sulfide-bound state would escape with the decomposition of pyrite. Because SX coal contained higher organic state and sulfide-bound state, the volatilization rate of As was higher than WLCB coal at any temperature, and the difference was more obvious at low temperature. In addition, FactSage simulation value was basically consistent with the experimental value.
Pre-enlargement Reform Failures in the Western Balkans: Social and Economic Preconditions of the Rule of Law
Authors: Hogic Nedim
Published: June 2024

In this paper, I investigate the attempts of the European Union to promote and entrench the rule of law standards in the Western Balkans countries. I examine the failures of legal reforms in key policy areas, such as the regulations of judicial independence, the legislative branch of government, vetting and suppression of corruption, that prevent progress in achieving the rule of law standards. I demonstrate how a narrow focus on the judiciary and its performance has harmed the standards. I propose a more specific focus on socio–economic reforms that, at first glance, appear less relevant to the rule of law. These are: higher education reforms, digitalization, decarbonization, and better targeting of anti-corruption measures. More focus on these areas allows a refocusing from a narrow conception of rule of law to other good governance reforms.
Field change for the Cassels–Tate pairing and applications to class groups
Authors: Morgan Adam , Smith Alexander
Published: June 2024

In previous work, the authors defined a category $$\text {SMod}_F$$

SMod
F

of finite Galois modules decorated with local conditions for each global field F. In this paper, given an extension K/F of global fields, we define a restriction of scalars functor from $$\text {SMod}_K$$

SMod
K

to $$\text {SMod}_F$$

SMod
F

and show that it behaves well with respect to the Cassels–Tate pairing. We apply this work to study the class groups of global fields in the context of the Cohen–Lenstra heuristics.
Application of Fuzzy Decision Support Systems in Risk Assessment of Southeast Asian Labor Market
Authors: Zhang Zujie
Published: June 2024

The labor market in Southeast Asia has several complicated issues, including the quick changes in the economy, the various behaviors of employees, and the shifting regulatory settings. To foster sustainable regional development and make decisions based on accurate information, a comprehensive risk assessment is important. Conventional methodologies, on the other hand, often fail to reflect the multifaceted personality of issues about the labor market. In light of recent economic changes and the complexity of applicable policies, this paper recommends a fuzzy decision support system to enhance risk assessment (FDSS-ERA) that could enhance risk assessment in Southeast Asian labor markets. The model methodically assesses hazards, using a mixture of fuzzy logic sense and decision assistance, incorporating changes in employment trends and demographics. The results highlight fuzzy logic’s role in decision-making for effective risk management and policy interventions, showing improved risk comprehension. While educated policy choice making can lead to equitable development in Southeast Asia’s labor work marketplace, FDSS is a potential method. In conclusion, to overcome the many obstacles that stand in the way of chance assessment in the labor market in Southeast Asia, FDSS provides a powerful strategy. Because it offers more advanced analytical tools, this research assists decision-makers in the region in developing more effective guidelines, proactively reducing risks, and achieving projects that promote sustainable development.
Perceived Supervisor Power and Employee Silence
Authors: Zhang Ling Z. , Lam Long W. , Lin Xiaowan , Zhang Liwen , Zhu Julie N. Y.
Published: June 2024

Abstract: Research on the contextual antecedents of employee silence remains underdeveloped. We propose supervisors’ coercive and reward power as important antecedents of employee silence. Furthermore, guided by the person–environment interaction perspective, we suggest that two employee personality traits – conscientiousness and neuroticism – moderate the relationship between perceived supervisor power and employee silence. We conducted a two-wave survey of 177 full-time employees in China and found that employees were (a) more likely to remain silent when they perceived that their supervisor had high coercive power and (b) less likely to remain silent when they perceived that their supervisor had high reward power. These relationships were stronger for employees with a low level of conscientiousness or a high level of neuroticism. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings.
Ocean Surface Warming and Cooling Responses and Feedback Processes Associated With Polar Lows Over the Nordic Seas
Authors: Tomita H. , Tanaka R.
Published: June 2024

Strong surface winds induced by polar lows (PLs) may affect the upper ocean. However, understanding of the oceanic responses and feedback processes associated with PLs remains insufficient, especially for observations. Using a combined analysis of satellite‐based sea surface temperature (SST) and PL tracking data, we investigated the oceanic response to 380 PL passages over the Nordic Sea occurring between 1999 and 2018. Consequently, two types of oceanic responses—warming and cooling—occurred in 32% and 40% of the total occurrences, respectively. The average magnitude of SST response was approximately ±0.2 K. Significant differences in upward surface turbulent heat flux (THF) between warming and cooling response cases were found, causing a significant difference in the decay rate after maximum PL development. By analyzing changes in the state variables of the THF, we identified two different feedback processes depending on the oceanic warming/cooling response. During a warming (cooling) response, the atmosphere near the surface becomes more unstable (stable), and the turbulence of the marine atmospheric boundary layer increases (decreases), which strengthens (weakens) the ocean surface wind and decreases (increases) temperature and specific humidity. These changes contribute to increasing (decreasing) the upward THF that influences PL development. The differences between these two responses may be caused by the state of the upper ocean layer, including temperature inversion. The analysis of the in situ observations of the upper ocean supports the hypothesis that a warming response occurs when inversion is strong. This study emphasizes the importance of feedback through oceanic responses for understanding and predicting PL.
Longitudinal relations of prematurity and fetal growth restrictions with hyperactivity/inattention and aggression/delinquency
Authors: Zumbach-Basu Jelena , Rademacher Annika , Koglin Ute , Bender Doris , Lösel Friedrich
Published: June 2024

Background

It is the aim of this study to analyze the longitudinal relationship between premature birth and low birth weight and the reciprocal influence between hyperactive/inattentive behavior and aggressive/delinquent behavior problems in children from early to late childhood.

Methods

This study contains data from the German Erlangen-Nuremberg Development and Prevention Study. It applies prospective longitudinal path analyses on data obtained from postnatal pediatric assessments as well as later psychosocial behavior assessments by teachers and parents on N = 667 children, out of which n = 83 children (12.44%) were born preterm/small for gestational age.

Results

The results show direct effects of birth complications at the beginning of preschool on hyperactivity/inattentiveness (teacher rating: ß = 0.28; p = 0.017; parent rating: ß = 0.32; p = 0.005), but not on aggression/delinquency (teacher rating: ß = 0.002; p = 0.427; parent rating: ß = 0.12; p = 0.324). Reciprocal effects between aggression/delinquency and hyperactivity/inattentiveness were stable at the end of elementary school, but not at the end of preschool across informants.

Conclusion

Our results support a differentiated view on the potential development of behavior problems after birth complications and the demand for early prevention measures.

Impact Statement

Our results extend to the existing body of research by providing insight into the longitudinal effects of prematurity and fetal growth restrictions on hyperactive and aggressive/delinquent behavioral problems throughout a rather long period of development in childhood.

The results show direct effects of birth complications on the development of hyperactivity for boys, but not for girls across informants. No direct effects of birth complications on aggression/delinquency are found.

Our findings speak against too simple views on behavioral consequences of birth complications and thus can relieve too anxious parents, however close monitoring of the behavioral development of respective children is indicated.
Chronic post-COVID neuropsychiatric symptoms persisting beyond one year from infection: a case-control study and network analysis
Authors: Chau Steven Wai Ho , Chue Timothy Mitchell , Chan Rachel Ngan Yin , Lai Yee Lok , Wong Paul W. C. , Li Shirley Xin , Liu Yaping , Chan Joey Wing Yan , Chan Paul Kay-sheung , Lai Christopher K. C. , Leung Thomas W. H. , Wing Yun Kwok
Published: June 2024

Our study aims to delineate the phenotypes of chronic neuropsychiatric symptoms among adult subjects recovering from their first COVID that occurred more than one year ago. We also aim to explore the clinical and socioeconomic risk factors of having a high loading of chronic neuropsychiatric symptoms. We recruited a post-COVID group who suffered from their first pre-Omicron COVID more than a year ago, and a control group who had never had COVID. The subjects completed app-based questionnaires on demographic, socioeconomic and health status, a COVID symptoms checklist, mental and sleep health measures, and neurocognitive tests. The post-COVID group has a statistically significantly higher level of fatigue compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Among the post-COVID group, the lack of any COVID vaccination before the first COVID and a higher level of material deprivation before the COVID pandemic predicts a higher load of chronic post-COVID neuropsychiatric symptoms. Partial correlation network analysis suggests that the chronic post-COVID neuropsychiatric symptoms can be clustered into two major (cognitive complaints -fatigue and anxiety-depression) and one minor (headache-dizziness) cluster. A higher level of material deprivation predicts a higher number of symptoms in both major clusters, but the lack of any COVID vaccination before the first COVID only predicts a higher number of symptoms in the cognitive complaints-fatigue cluster. Our result suggests heterogeneity among chronic post-COVID neuropsychiatric symptoms, which are associated with the complex interplay of biological and socioeconomic factors.
Views of children and young adults about Whole Genome Sequencing in newborn screening: a qualitative study
Authors: Parfett Molly , Johnson Faye , Bennett Rebecca , Ulph Fiona
Published: June 2024

Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) in newborn screening is ethically complex. Parents will provide proxy consent for initial participation and 16-year-olds will be approached to consent to continued storage of their genome. We explored the views of 11–25-year-olds to understand the information needs of this age group and the views of the next generation of parents. This two-phase UK study involved: a secondary analysis of focus groups with young adults and a diary and focus group study with children with CF. Diaries were analysed using content analysis, focus group data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Diaries illustrated how children formed genomic knowledge and their questions. Participants broadly supported WGS-NBS based on a belief that all results improve health. Pre-study knowledge was sometimes correct, other-times it drew on vicarious ideas that could cause distress. Children showed an ability to appreciate the complexity of deciding which results should be returned. Focus groups: All participants counterbalanced the benefits and risks of WGS-NBS. Children demonstrated innate trust in doctors, whereas young adults wanted parent-doctor collaboration in decision-making. Young adults conditionally supported WGS-NBS depending on treatability, severity, onset and consent. Children wanted parents to be informed of a broader range of results, but valued informed choice too. More research is needed to understand healthy children’s views. Although small samples, this work provides insight into the understanding and concerns of young adults and children which could help when trying to discuss this topic with them.
Targeting the conserved active site of splicing machines with specific and selective small molecule modulators
Authors: Silvestri Ilaria , Manigrasso Jacopo , Andreani Alessandro , Brindani Nicoletta , Mas Caroline , Reiser Jean-Baptiste , Vidossich Pietro , Martino Gianfranco , McCarthy Andrew A. , De Vivo Marco , Marcia Marco
Published: June 2024

The self-splicing group II introns are bacterial and organellar ancestors of the nuclear spliceosome and retro-transposable elements of pharmacological and biotechnological importance. Integrating enzymatic, crystallographic, and simulation studies, we demonstrate how these introns recognize small molecules through their conserved active site. These RNA-binding small molecules selectively inhibit the two steps of splicing by adopting distinctive poses at different stages of catalysis, and by preventing crucial active site conformational changes that are essential for splicing progression. Our data exemplify the enormous power of RNA binders to mechanistically probe vital cellular pathways. Most importantly, by proving that the evolutionarily-conserved RNA core of splicing machines can recognize small molecules specifically, our work provides a solid basis for the rational design of splicing modulators not only against bacterial and organellar introns, but also against the human spliceosome, which is a validated drug target for the treatment of congenital diseases and cancers.