bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ELECTRIC SUPPLY OF UNDERGROUND CONSUMERS OF DEEP ENERGY-INTENSIVE MINES
Authors: Shkrabets F. P.
Published: January 2019

The increase in the capacity of cleaning and construction vehicles for highcapacity and energy-intensive mines calls for an increase in the  supply voltage of cleaning and tunneling combines, as well as  transport systems: from a voltage of 660 V switched to 1140 V, and  now to 3300 V. This allows improving technical and economic  indicators for clearing and access areas, as well as improving the reliability of local Power Supply Systems (PSS). However, this  trend prevents the supply of underground electric networks with a  voltage of 6 kV, in connection with which the problem arises of  increasing the voltage of supply networks. To date, it has become  possible to apply the 10 kV voltage to the operation, which is most  acceptable for the use of electrical equipment for electrical networks  and protection devices. Leading educational, research and design  organizations were engaged in research on this issue. An analysis of the results of the research showed that switching to 10 kV voltage is  justified and timely. At the same time, 35 kV voltage is not removed  from the agenda, which is technically feasible and economically  justified, but there are problems with the safety of its operation in  underground workings, which requires appropriate refinement. This  level of voltage will improve the quality of electricity.Conclusions: 1. Application of 35 kV voltage in the underground power supply system of coal and ore mines is advisable at a depth of more than 1000 m with a maximum load of at least 1000 kVA at the  level of the stem cables.2. Application of 35 kV voltage in underground electrical networks will allow to significantly improve the quality indicators of voltage,  reliability, and economy of the system due to the current unloading  of the most important element of SES, such as stem cables.3. Analysis of the main parameters and characteristics of electrical mine electrical equipment gives reason to believe that it allows  implementing a trend of 35 kV deep input to deep horizons of mines  (mines) and placement of 35/6 kV substations on working horizons.
THE ANALYSIS OF THE EXPERIENCE OF PREPARATION OF ORES BY UNDERGROUND LEACHING
Authors: Golik V. I. , Razorenov Yu. I. , Zhong Chang
Published: January 2019

Relevance.Method of underground leaching of metals can be modified are lost to traditional technology stocks, but the processes of leaching still produced no comprehensive records of natural and anthropogenic factors, so the results of the use of technology does not always live up to their expectations, which prevents the expansion of the boundaries of its application. Therefore, the development of scientific bases and perfection of technology of leaching of metals from ores reveal are the very important task of the mining industry.

Research methodsinclude analysis of the theory and practice of industrial metal leaching study of the effectiveness of modernization of existing situation and elaboration of recommendations to increase the scope of this innovative technology.

Results. The analysis of the main processes of underground leaching of metals. Describes the experience of the industrial leaching for example, the metal mines of Russia and Kazakhstan. Highlighted the need for combining in-situ leaching of poor and off-balance ores with the traditional exploitation of rich ores and the balance sheet at the present stage of mining. The described method of control of the completeness of leaching by opening the workings. Marked experience in the application of vacuum drainage systems for productive solutions. Detailed methods of forming the compensation space and the intensification of leaching of blast and other ways. Describes the role of hydraulic fracturing of rocks, injection of destroyed rock solid compositions and fine-grained inert materials in the process of irrigation ores.

Conclusions. The combination of the technologies of the poor and leaching off-balance ore with the traditional exploitation of rich ores and the balance at the stages of mining production comprehensively improves their environmental and economic efficiency by using optimal combining methods of preparation and technological parameters, which will allow in-situ leaching to occupy a priority position in the extraction of ores reveal.
ADVANCED METHODS FOR THE EXTRACTION OF USEFUL COMPONENTS FROM VOLCANIC GASES
Authors: Bitskiy R. R.
Published: January 2019

Technical progress is impossible without the creation of new devices, the quantitative and qualitative indicators of which radically differ from the known ones, which in turn requires new technologies and materials. In the creation of new materials, rare and rare-earth metals are increasingly used, the reserves of which are very limited. Therefore, the development and implementation of new methods of mining such metals are a timely and urgent task.

Prospective methods of mining mineral deposits from volcanic gases are considered. The proposed model makes it possible to reveal the composition of volcanic gas, to experimentally prove its dynamic properties, to develop a model that allows one to trace the behavior of gas, on its basis to develop a principle scheme for extracting rare-earth elements (REE) and to present the hardwaretechnological scheme for obtaining REE from fumaroles (types of gas) in the form fumarolic metallurgical plant.

On the basis of a model system with heavy metal solutions in a liquid, the possibility of studying the behavior of gas particles is shown. Such a model system is converted to volcanic gas and allows interpretation of the results for a fumarolic metallurgical unit (FMU) by determining the critical dimensions of the elements of such an installation (dome sizes, parameters of connecting hoses).
El compromiso social de la universidad, un reto “glocal”
Authors: Figueras Monica , Ayuso Silvia
Published: January 2019

El objetivo del artículo es identificar y analizar la integración de la responsabilidad social en las principales funciones ejercidas por las universidades, considerando la doble vertiente global-local. Nos centraremos en la implantación de la responsabilidad social universitaria (RSU) en los ámbitos de la gestión institucional, formación académica, formación pedagógica e investigación, e ilustraremos cada ámbito mediante una iniciativa destacada de las universidades catalanas. Aunque de forma todavía incipiente y desarticuladas, existen ya experiencias interesantes de cómo afrontar el reto “glocal” desde las distintas misiones de la universidad.
Editorial
Authors: Michavila Pitarch Francesc , Grau Vidal Francesc Xavier
Published: January 2019

Editorial
During data acquisition v9
Authors: Snoek Lukas , Beemsterboer Tinka
Published: January 2019

This protocol lists all the steps necessary to run your MRI experiment/data acquisition safely and in a way that yields high-quality data. Moreover, if you use the centre's QC/preprocessing service, it lists the steps necessary to make sure we can convert the data into BIDS and run them through the QC/preprocessing pipelines.
Before data acquisition -- Start MRI Project Spinoza REC v13
Authors: Beemsterboer Tinka , Snoek Lukas , Scholte H.steven
Published: January 2019

Dear researcher, This protocoloutlines the steps to start an MRI project at the Spinoza Centre Roeterseiland (REC). If you haven't had contact with Steven Scholte or Tinka Beemsterboer, make sure to contact them before completing this protocol. You can reach us by email: Steven Scholte: h.s.scholte@uva.nl Tinka Beemsterboer: t.beemsterboer@uva.nl If you have any suggestions for improving the workflow, don't hesitate to add comments to the steps in the protocol. Hope to see you soon! The Spinoza REC team, Steven Scholte, Tinka Beemsterboer, and Lukas Snoek
Echtzeit-Co-Simulation für die Virtuelle Inbetriebnahme
Authors: Scheifele Christian , Verl Alexander , Riedel Oliver
Published: January 2019

Bei der virtuellen Planung, Auslegung und Inbetriebnahme steigen die Anforderungen an die Aussagekraft Digitaler Zwillinge zur umfassenden Abbildung der Interaktionen zwischen Prozess, Maschine, Steuerungssystem und Bediener. Die Zunahme der Modellkomplexität eines Digitalen Zwillings stellt die Echtzeitsimulation vor neue Herausforderungen. Dieser Beitrag stellt eine Echtzeit-Co-Simulations Plattform für die Virtuelle Inbetriebnahme mit Hilfe eines Digitalen Zwillings vor. Diese umfasst (i) die Integration leistungsfähiger technologiespezifischer Simulationsmodelle durch Ansätze zur Modellintegration und (ii) die Echtzeit-Co-Simulation auf Basis von Separations-, Parallelisierungs-, Synchronisations- und Datenaustauschmechanismen.
UKRAINE IS IN THE WORLD OF INFORMATION COMMUNITY: THE ORIGINS OF THE NATIONAL SCHOOL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
Authors: Petrycova Valentyna
Published: January 2019

The article presents the problem of studying the origins of the theory and practice of information in Ukraine at the beginning of the 20th century. The hypothesis concerning the orientation of the national, mainly socio-humanitarian science, to the summing up of the accumulated knowledge in the historical time of the state creation of the Ukrainian nation is formulated. The views of the leading figures of the Ukrainian science on the tasks of the first weight in the scientific work on the creation of various types and sources of information (bibliographic) sources are outlined. The activities of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences (UAN) in the period of its organizational structuring of 1918-1932 years are described separately along the way of creation of the information base on the national science "Ukrainian bibliographic repertoire". The attention was paid to the administrative activities of the UAN on the structuring of scientific institutes, committees of commissions, bureau and their functions of bibliographic summarization of the thematic and branch directions of Ukrainian science. The peculiarities of the bibliographic strategy of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences as revealed by the national versus the information strategy of the USA in the direction of communication technologies of the 1930s were revealed. The presented facts of the historical context concerning the first germs of the organization of system bibliographic activity in Ukraine allow the creation of original, socio-humanitarian knowledge regarding the formation of a national school of computer science in Ukraine, led by academician V. Glushkov in the second half of the twentieth century. The prospect of such a scientific vision of the history of computer science in Ukraine is due to modern research in the field of information philosophy.
DIFFERENCES IN ADHERENCE BEHAVIOUR PATTERNS IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY AND RECURRENT MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Sedykh D. Yu. , Petrov G. P. , Kashtalap V. V.
Published: January 2019

Aim.To compare adherence behavior patterns in patients with primary and recurrent myocardial infarction before hospital discharge.

Methods.145 patients with myocardial infarction admitted to the Kemerovo Regional Clinical in the period from November to December 2016 were included in a single-centre, nonrandomized, prospective study. All the patients were interviewed using the original adherence questionnaire. All the patients were divided into 2 groups: patients with primary myocardial infarction (n = 74) and recurrent (n = 71) myocardial infarction.

Results.Both, patients with primary and recurrent myocardial infarction, had low adherence to treatment and healthy lifestyle, poor disease awareness which appeared to be a signifcant factor worsening their long-term prognosis. Recurrent myocardial infarction was associated with increased readiness to adhere the treatment regimen more strictly (62%), but it was not accompanied by any improvements in patients’ awareness on the causes of the disease (36.6%), their health status (30.9%) and secondary prevention (63.3%). The great number of subjective factors affecting patients’ adherence to the long-term therapy prescribed by a healthcare professional requires the implementation of additional information management for patients with any type of myocardial infarction about the importance of subsequent therapy, special education programs, and group psychotherapy.

Conclusion.Poor adherence in patients with any myocardial infarction to the prescribed therapy after discharge (less than 80%) requires a preventive use of educational and psychological programs improving medical and social awareness and readiness to adhere to treatment prescribed by the healthcare professional.
CORONARY ARTERY CALCIFICATION PREVALENCE AMONG RESIDENTS OF WESTERN SYIBERIA: ESSE-RF STUDY
Authors: Kachurina E. N. , Kokov A. N. , Kareeva A. I. , Barbarash O. L.
Published: January 2019

Aim.To study the prevalence of coronary artery calcifcation in residents of Western Siberia.

Methods.Residents of Western Siberia who underwent a regular medical examination within a multicentre observational epidemiological study "Epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors in the Russian Federation" (ESSE-RF) in the period from 2012 to 2013 were included in the study. A total of 1628 subjects aged 25 to 64 years were recruited. All the participants were divided into 3 groups according to their gender and standard age groups based on the World Health Organization: Group 1, n = 663 (40.7%) ‒ young adults (22–44 years); group 2, n = 776 (47.7%) – middleaged adults (45–60 years); group 3, n = 189 (11.6%) – older adults (61–75 years).

Results.33.9% of the subjects included in the study had coronary artery calcifcation. Importantly, the prevalence of coronary artery calcifcation was higher in men than in women in the total cohort (35.1% vs. 32.8%, respectively, p = 0.64)

Conclusion. A random sample of Kemerovo residents, as inhabitants of Western Siberia, allowed us to determine the prevalence of pathological coronary artery calcifcation (33.9%). This tendency towards higher prevalence of coronary artery calcifcation was recruited, we were limited to obtain the data on the pronounced prevalence of in men is confrmed by the evidences of higher detection rate of severe calcifcation in them. Since a random sample of subjects with a large proportion of young adults coronary artery calcifcation.
Pathologic carotid arteries tortuosity
Authors: Danilova M. A. , Baidina T. V. , Karakulova Yu. V. , Trushnikova T. N.
Published: January 2019

The pathology of carotid arteries takes a significant place in the structure of cerebral vascular diseases. The review of literature on pathologic tortuosity of carotid arteries is presented in the paper; the influence of this state on cerebral circulation disturbance is discussed; the etiology, diagnosis and methods of treatment of pathologic deformity of magistral arteries of the head are considered.
Yeşil Kuşak Orman Ekosistemlerindeki Orman Parçalılığının Bazı Toprak Özellikleri Üzerindeki Etkilerinin Araştırılması (Kahramanmaraş Ahir Dağı Örneği)
Authors: DİNDAROĞLU Turgay , ÇELİK Hasibe
Published: January 2019

Bu araştırma Kahramanmaraş ili Ahir dağındaki yeşil kuşak orman ekosistemlerindeki orman parçalığının neden olduğu toprak özelliklerindeki değişimlerin araştırılması amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Parçalanmış ormanlar Landsat8 uydu görüntüleri kullanılarak tespit edilmiş ve 30 farklı büyüklükte deneme alanı seçilmiştir. Bu alanlardan alınan toprak örneklerinde pH, elektriksel iletkenlik (EC), tane büyüklük dağılımı (TBD), dispersiyon oranı (DO), tarla kapasitesi (TK), organik madde miktarı (OM), toplam Azot (N), permeabilite, katyon değişim kapasitesi (KDK), kireç içeriği, porozite oranı (PO), hacim ağırlığı (HA), tane yoğunluğu (TY) ve maksimum su tutma kapasitesi (MSTK) analizleri yapılmıştır. Araştırma alanında parçalanış ormanlarda farklı büyüklük (0.54 ha-69.9 ha) ve mesafeler (4.79 m-980 m) tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan korelasyon analizlerine göre parçalanmış orman alanları küçüldükçe OM, PO ve MTSK değerlerinde azalma eğilimi, HA ve DO değerlerinde ise artma eğilimi belirlenmiştir. Yapılan varyans analizi sonuçlarına göre, parçalanmış orman büyüklüğü ile EC, kil oranı, silt oranı, OM, kireç içeriği, DO, TK, KDK, permeabilite, PO, HA, MSTK, N, C/N değerleri arasında istatistiki olarak (p<0.05) anlamlı farklar tespit edilmiştir. Parçalar arası mesafe ile sadece pH arasında anlamlı bir fark tespit edilebilmiştir. Korelasyon analiz sonuçlarına göre ormanların parçalanması ve aralarındaki mesafenin artması, toprak gözenek oranında önemli azalma meydana getirmekte ve bu durum erozyon duyarlılığını ve toprağın degradasyon eğilimini artırmıştır. Yeşil kuşak orman ekosistemleri korunmalı, 2B uygulamalarına ve farklı arazi kullanımlarına izin verilmemelidir.
Akdeniz Ekolojik Koşulları için Alternatif Bir Bitki: Crotalaria juncea L. (Krotalarya)
Authors: DEMİROĞLU TOPÇU Gülcan , ÖZKAN Şükrü Sezgi
Published: January 2019

farklı kullanım
olanaklarına (yem, yeşil gübre, örtü bitkisi, lif, biyodizel vb.) sahiptir. Bu
nedenle, ülkemiz için de ümitvar olabileceği düşünülerek yapılacak olan yeni
bilimsel çalışmaların, bitkinin daha fazla tanınmasına ve öneminin giderek
artmasına neden olacaktır.  Bu literatür
derlemesi, ülkemiz için tarımsal bir potansiyele sahip olabilecek Crotalaria juncea L. bitkisinin birçok
yönü ile ele alınarak tanıtılmasını amaçlamaktadır.  , pek
çok ülkede ek yıllık, yazlık bir baklagil türü olan Crotalaria juncea L.eşil gübre veya yem bitkisi olarak değerlendirilebilen t
Yaygın olarak yKrotolarya bitkisinin organik maddesi, kısa sürede (yaklaşık 2 hafta)
parçalanmaktadır ve en yüksek azot mineralizasyon hızının da bu zaman
periyodunda gerçekleştiği bilinmektedir..
Bunun yanı sıra; karışık veya alternatif ekimleri ile fikse edilen azotun
buğdaygiller veya diğer familya bitkileri tarafından kullanılması önemli
avantaj sağlamaktadır. itkinin yapraklarının %30 oranında protein içerdiği bilinmektedirnemli
bir bitkisel protein kaynağı ve yem kalitesi etkileyici özelliğe sahip olan bir
baklagil bitkisidir. Bö L.; Crotalaria junceaHayvanların sağlıklı bir
şekilde beslenebilmesi için gerekli kaliteli kaba yem temini, hayvancılık
işletmelerinin en önemli problemlerinden biridir. Değişik iklim, toprak ve
üretim desenlerine sahip olan ülkemizin farklı bölgelerinde ve tarla
koşullarında birçok yembitkisinin yetiştirilmesi sözkonusudur.
Bazı Ruta L. Ekstraktlarının Biyoaktif Madde İçerikleri ve Radikal Kovucu Aktiviteleri
Authors: YAMAN Cennet , ULUKUŞ Deniz , TUGAY Osman
Published: January 2019

Ruta L. geleneksel tıbbi bitki
olarak yaygın kullanılan, Rutaceae familyasının cinslerinden biridir. Bu
çalışmada, yabani Ruta chalepensis L.
(toprak üstü kısmı) ve Ruta montana L.
(yaprak-çiçek ve gövde kısımları) türlerinin metanol ve etanol ekstraktlarının
antioksidan aktiviteleri incelenmiştir. 
En yüksek ekstraktsiyon verimini R.
montana  (çiçek-yaprak) metanol
ekstraktı sağlamıştır (% 15.11, 151.12 ± 0.78 mg / g). En düşük verim ise R. montana (gövde) etanol ekstraktında
(% 2.67, 26.66 ± 0.50 mg / g) tespit edilmiştir. R. chalepensis metanol ve etanol ekstraktlarının kuru madde
içerisindeki toplam flavonoid madde içeriğinin, R. montana  metanol
çiçek-yaprak ekstraktı hariç diğer ekstraktlarından daha yüksek olduğu
gözlenmiştir. Toplam flavonoid ve fenolik madde içeriği en az R. montana gövde kısmının etanol
ekstraktlarından elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca ekstraktların
2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) ve 2, 2′-Azino-Bis-3-Ethylbenzothiazoline-6-Sulfonic acid (ABTS) gibi
radikal süpürücü aktiviteleri araştırılmış ve çözücü bazında
değerlendirildiğinde R. chalepensis  ekstraktlarının daha yüksek aktivite
sergilediği gözlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmada elde edilen verilerden
yararlanılarak Ruta ekstraktlarının
doğal bir antioksidan kaynağı olabilirliliği tartışılmıştır.
Kırşehir Yerel Sivri Biber (Capsicum annuum L. var. longum) Populasyonlarının Agronomik ve Morfolojik Karakterizasyonu
Authors: BAŞAK Hakan
Published: January 2019

2014 ve 2015 yıllarında yürütülen çalışmada Kırşehir ili merkez ve köylerinden toplanan; 2014 yılı için 240, 2015 yılı için ise 313 biber genotipi içerisindeki 99 adet sivri biber genotipi fide çıkışından vejetasyon süresi sonuna kadar, toplam 48 agronomik ve morfolojik özellik bakımından, IPGRI’nin biber için yayınlamış olduğu tanımlama listesi ve UPOV kriterlerine göre karakterizasyon çalışması yapılmıştır. İncelenen karakterlerin minimum, maksimum, ortalama değerleri ve frekans yüzdeleri belirlenmiştir. Popülasyonlar arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amacı ile küme ve temel bileşen analizi uygulanmıştır. Uygulanan temel bileşen analizi sonucunda toplam 17 adet ana bileşen ekseni elde edilmiş ve bu eksenler toplam varyansın % 75.82’sini temsil etmiştir. Morfolojik ve agronomik özelliklere göre genotipler dendrogramda 15 gruba ayrılmıştır. Küme analizi sonucunda; S1, S2, S62, S3, S9, S67 ve TR69737 kodlu genotiplerin agronomik ve morfolojik akrabalık derecesi bakımından birbirine en uzak genotipler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Daha önce üzerinde hiçbir çalışma yapılmamış olan Kırşehir ili sivri biber genotiplerinin tanımlanmasının yapılması ile belirlenen biber popülasyonlarındaki genetik varyasyon gelecekte yapılacak biber ıslah çalışmalarında önemli avantajlar sağlayacaktır.
Balıkesir ve Çanakkale İllerinde Buğday Ürünü İçerisine Karışan Yabancı Ot Tohumlarının Belirlenmesi
Authors: KAÇAN Koray , TURSUN Nihat
Published: January 2019

Araştırma 2015 yılında
Balıkesir ve Çanakkale illerinde buğday ürününe karışan yabancı ot tohumlarının
tür ve miktarlarını belirlemek amacıyla 93 farklı yerden alınan 1 kg’lık
örneklerle yürütülmüştür. Çalışma sonunda 1 kg ürüne ortalama, Balıkesir il
genelinde 207 adet, ağırlık olarak ise 3.06 g yabancı ot tohumunun karıştığı,
Çanakkale il genelinde ise 181 adet ve 2.98 g yabancı ot tohumu karıştığı
hesaplanmıştır. Her iki ilde de buğday ürünü içerisine 15 familyaya ait 45
farklı yabancı ot tohumunun karıştığı belirlenmiştir.  Balıkesir il genelinde sayısal olarak en
fazla karışan yabancı ot tohumunun Sinapis arvensis L. (77.,53 adet/kg) olduğu
belirlenirken, ağırlık olarak ise Hordeum vulgare L. (0.7034 g/kg) olduğu
saptanmıştır. Çanakkale il genelinde buğday ürününe karışan yabancı ot
tohumları incelendiğinde; sayısal olarak Galium aparine L.’nin (35.18 adet/kg)  en fazla karışan yabancı ot olduğu, ağırlık
olarak ise H. vulgare (0.558 g/kg) en fazla buğday ürününe karışan yabancı ot
olduğu bulunmuştur.
The Experimental Determination of The Impact of Overall Heat Consumption Coefficient and Thermal Screens on Heat Saving in Plastic Greenhouses
Authors: ÇAYLI Ali , AKYÜZ Adil
Published: January 2019

This
study was conducted to experimentally determine the effect of thermal screens
used for heat saving and overall heat consumption coefficient on heat loss in
greenhouses. The trial was established in three different lettuce greenhouses
with 150 m2 in floor size using different plastic covering materials
between January and April. Hot air vent heaters were used for heating.  The heaters were positioned 30 cm above
ground level. The heating was done between 08.00 p.m. and 05.00 a.m. Plant
level and roof level as well as external temperature and relative humidity were
measured with data loggers. These measurements were used to statistically
calculate overall heat consumption coefficient based on wind speed. The results
demonstrate that thermal screens created a resistance against heat loss, thus
reducing heat losses. The effect of thermal screens on heat loss depending on
the wind speed was also determined. It was found out that heat saving ratios in
greenhouses varied between 8% to 22% under very low wind speeds and between 17%
- 36% under a wind speed of 4 m s-1.
Application of Geospatial Technology for Wetlands’ Mapping and Change-Detection: A Case Study in Selected Areas of South Eastern Coast in Ampara District, Sri Lanka
Authors: Zahir Ibra Lebbe Mohamed , Nijamir Kafoor
Published: January 2019

In global context, the anthropogenic pressure increases the loss of wetland and its resources. Wetlands and estuaries are highly productive and act as critical habitats for a variety of plants, fish, shellfish, and other wildlife (Klemas, 2011). The detection and evaluation of the wetland with modern technology is an important phenomenon to conserve the wetland area and its ecosystem. Remote sensing (RS) has a long history of successful applications within the field of wetland delineation, using a multitude of satellite platforms and sensors (Allan, 2016). This paper is an attempt to object-based approach to derive the change detection inventory information of wetland for selected administrative areas of South Eastern coast in Ampara District within the period of 1991 to 2017 using Toposheets and Google Earth imagery. Further, it also explores the human activities which pressure on wetland including agricultural practices (land encroachment), new settlements, solid waste dumping, land cover changes and etc. Google Earth imagery of 1991 and 2017 were collected and subjected to the GIS analysis to find the result of this study. According to the results, agricultural and built-up area has increased in 1991 by (9.4 per cent), 2017 (16.4 per cent) and 1991 (0.1 per cent), 2017 (2.1 per cent) respectively whereas there has been a decrease in the forest and wetland areas in the years of 1991 (80.3 per cent), 2017 (72.7 per cent) and 1991 (3.5 per cent), 2017 (2.9 per cent) respectively.
Are Humoresques Humorous? On the Similarity Between Laughter and Staccato
Authors: Trevor Caitlyn , Huron David
Published: January 2019

Two studies are reported testing the conjecture that certain musical sounds or musical works may emulate the punctuated sound (ha-ha-ha) of human laughter. In the first study, 25 participants were instructed to adjust the tempo and duty cycle (articulation) of simple tone sequences to produce the most laughter-like sound. The adjusted tempos were consistent across participants but slower than measures of actual human laughter. The adjusted duty cycles were comparable to those evident in human laughter. In the second study, comedic-related musical compositions (including humoresques, badineries, and Scherzos) were compared with similar-tempo works by the same composers. It is shown that humoresques contain more staccato passages. However, these detached articulations are not more likely to be isochronous as might be expected if emulating human laughter. Overall, the results provide mixed evidence consistent with the idea that composers emulate laughter when composing certain kinds of humorous passages.
Two Studies of Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR): The Relationship between ASMR and Music-Induced Frisson
Authors: Kovacevich Alexsandra , Huron David
Published: January 2019

In recent years, a widely popular phenomenon has emerged as exemplified in thousands of videos available on the Internet. Referred to using the impressive sounding term "Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response" (abbreviated ASMR), followers claim that ASMR videos evoke a special "tingling" sensation that is regarded as highly pleasurable and relaxing. The popularity of this phenomenon is reflected in individual ASMR videos receiving more than 43 million views and a reddit ASMR forum with over 130,000 subscribers. Two exploratory studies are reported. In the first study, a content analysis was carried out on 30 popular ASMR videos, and compared with 30 videos employing two different control methods. In the second study, a content analysis was carried out on 3,600 comments on discussion forums and accompanying ASMR videos. The results indicate that ASMR videos typically employ a quiet, private scene, with a relaxed, friendly, and intimate actor ("ASMRtist"). Although ASMR is evoked by non-musical stimuli, the physiological responses to ASMR (skin-related tingling and goosebumps) strongly resemble the classic frisson experience—a phenomenon that has received considerable attention among music perception researchers. Careful consideration of ASMR stimuli and responses suggest that ASMR is consistent with Huron's (2006) theory of frisson.
Commentary on Trevor and Huron, "Are Humoresques Humorous? On the Acoustic Similarity Between Laughter and Staccato"
Authors: Lee Christopher S.
Published: January 2019

In this commentary, several problematic aspects of Trevor and Huron's study are discussed and suggestions made for improving the experimental design.
Commentary on C. Trevor & D. Huron Are Humoresques Humorous? On the Similarity Between Laughter and Staccato
Authors: M J
Published: January 2019

This commentary discusses and comments on the study by Trevor and Huron on the acoustical similarities between human laughter and staccato articulation in music.
Commentary on Microtonal Analysis of "Blue Notes" and the Blues Scale by Court B. Cutting
Authors: Pfleiderer Martin
Published: January 2019

This commentary relates to the target paper by Cutting on the microtonal analysis of pitches in the vocal lines of fifteen blues recordings. After relating Cutting's study to Jeff Todd Titon's Early Downhome Blues, some of its merits and shortcomings are discussed. Finally, it is suggested to surpass the study of an abstract blues scale with research on blues modes, including characteristic ornamentations such as glides as well as typically employed patterns that specify certain blues songs or song types.
The Differentiation-Inducing Effect of a Retinoic Acid Derivative on a Pulmonary Carcinoma Cell Line
Authors: Akita Tomomi , Goto Ayumi , Kameyama Azusa , Horiguchi Michiko , Ozawa Chihiro , Akaguma Saki , Yamashita Chikamasa
Published: January 2019

Pulmonary carcinoma is a main cause of cancer death internationally. Chemotherapeutic regimens in most solid tumors have limited effect. And in the targeted inhibition of carcinogenic driver mutations with molecular therapies, in a large  number of cases, patients acquire resistance to drugs. Therefore, the development of new therapeutic approaches is highly desirable. In the present study, we evaluated the applicability of 4[(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8- tetramethyl- 2-naphthalenyl)carbamoyl]benzoic acid (Am80), a synthetic retinoid, as a differentiation inducer in pulmonary carcinoma and examined its effect on the viability and differentiation of Calu-6 cells (a human nonsmall cell lung cancer cell line), with  the final goal of establishing a new approach to pulmonary carcinoma therapy. The cell viability of Calu-6 cells after Am80 treatment was assessed by the CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay. The early apoptosis of cells was detected by  Terminal deoxynucleotidyl Transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) staining. The differentiation-inducing effect of Am80 on Calu-6 cells was investigated by immunostaining. Am80 induced the differentiation of  Calu-6 to alveolar type I and II cells. However, Am80 reduced the viability of Calu-6 cells without inducing apoptosis. In addition, in order to investigate whether Am80 inhibits tumor growth in vivo, we conducted an in vivo experiment to determine  he effect of the intratumoral administration of Am80 in mice harboring sc tumors composed of Calu-6 cells. Am80 significantly influenced the suppression of tumor growth.
Efficacy and Safety of Degarelix in Taiwanese Patients with Prostate Cancer Requiring Androgen Deprivation Therapy: An Open-label, Multicenter Phase III Study
Authors: Wu Tony , Shen Kun-Hung , Huang Chao-Yuan , Chang Yen-Hwa , Chiang Po-Hui , Ou Yen-Chuan , Wu Hsi-Chin , Chen Chih-Shou , Pang See-Tong , Lai Ming-Kuen
Published: January 2019

Background: Pivotal phase III data have shown the efficacy and safety of degarelix (240 mg starting dose/80 mg maintenance dose [240/80 mg]) in North American and European patients with prostate cancer (PCa). This open-label, multicenter, single-arm trial has evaluated the efficacy and safety of degarelix in Taiwanese patients with PCa.Methods: Eligible patients received degarelix 240/80 mg monthly for 6 months. The primary objective was the efficacy of degarelix in achieving and maintaining serum testosterone below castrate levels (Ã¢â€°Â¤0.5 ng/mL). Secondary objectives included changes in serum testosterone and PSA, and safety.Results: One hundred and ten patients were allocated to treatment. Over six months, degarelix maintained serum testosterone at castrate levels; from Days 28-168, the cumulative probability of sustained castrate level testosterone was 97.2% (95% CI: 91.6-99.1%), meeting the primary objective. Degarelix rapidly suppressed serum testosterone levels, with castrate levels achieved by Days 3 in 93.5% of patients. PSA decreased rapidly from baseline, with a median reduction of 92.4% by Day 28. Degarelix was well tolerated, with the most frequent adverse events (AEs) being mild to moderate injection site reactions (ISRs), occurring mostly with the initial dose of degarelix. There were no immediate-onset systemic hypersensitivity reactions observed.Conclusions: In Taiwanese patients with PCa, a monthly degarelix 240/80 mg/mL dose regimen rapidly decreased testosterone and PSA levels, and maintained testosterone at castrate levels (Ã¢â€°Â¤ 0.5 ng/ mL) over 6 months. The safety profile of degarelix was consistent with that expected for elderly men with PCa undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).
Modulation of T Lymphocytes by Tumor-Released Survivin
Authors: Jutzy Jessica MS , Wall Nathan R
Published: January 2019

The tumor microenvironment is an area of intense interaction between normal and malignant cells. Factors and cell types within this environment can play a crucial role in the progression or regression of the tumor. Of primary interest are tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes, which have been shown to have a key role in modifying the dynamics of the tumor microenvironment to promote or prevent tumor growth. While there is much in vitro and in vivo evidence for a modification of the tumor infiltrating T cell population toward a pro-tumor environment, what induces these changes within the tumor microenvironment has remained elusive. Our lab previously identified a role for the Inhibitor of Apoptosis protein Survivin as a secreted protein in the extracellular milieu, where it is capable of entering malignant cells and inducing a more aggressive phenotype. We hypothesized that tumorsecreted Survivin could be responsible for modulation of T lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment. We first isolated tumor released Survivin and confirmed its ability to be taken up by T cells as it is by malignant cells by confocal microscopy, flow cytometry and Western blotting. Subsequently, we evaluated Survivinâ€™s affect on T cell proliferation and found that tumor-released Survivin impairs T cell expansion, but does not alter its activation after exposure to appropriate stimuli. Assessment of phenotypic changes within the cytotoxic and helper T lymphocyte populations showed an increase in anti-inflammatory type 2 T cells and a reduction in type 1 T cells, whichcorrelates to what has been observed in cancer patients. Although often modified in the tumor microenvironment in patients, we did not observe any changes in regulatory T cells or Th17 cells in the presence of Survivin. The results of this study provide evidence of Survivinâ€™s role as an extracellular mediator of the tumor microenvironment, specifically its role in inducing a pro-tumor type 2 T cell population.
Effects of Chromeceptin on Insulin-like Growth Factor II in Human Osteoblastic and Osteosarcoma Cells
Authors: Dziak Rosemary , Nourah Dalia , AlHousami That , Nguyen Dinh
Published: January 2019

The insulin-like growth factor system is a complex regulatory system of insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II) as well as their cell surface receptors and a family of insulin growth factor binding proteins (IGF-BPs). Despite extensive research on the IGF system in skeletal tissue, there is still not a complete understanding particularly of the role of IGF-II in the regulation of normal and pathological osseous cells in human skeletal biology. The purpose of this study was to further delineate the possible involvement of IGF-II in the regulation of human normal calvarial osteoblasts and G292 human osteosarcoma cellular activity using exogenously added IGF-II as well as a drug, Chromeceptin that has been shown in some other cellular systems to down regulate endogenous IGF-II levels.The results presented here show a similar dose dependent effect of Chromeceptin on inhibition of endogenous IGF-II levels (measured with an immunoassay) and cellular activity (measured with the MTT assay) in both the normal and osteosarcoma cells while small significant increases in activity with exogenously added IGF-II were observed only in the osteosarcoma cells. Moreover, IGF-BP1 levels (measured with an immunoassay) were shown to significantly increase in the G292 cells in a similar manner previously reported in other cell systems with only minor non-significant effects of exogenously added IGF-BP1 in the osteosarcoma cells studied here. These studies suggest that endogenous IGF-II is a critical regulator of activity in both normal and osteosarcoma cells and Chromeceptin can be an effective pharmacological agent for further studies on the role of the growth factor in human skeletal systems.
Continuing Relief of Pain with Long Term Treatment for Osteoporosis with Intravenous Pamidronate
Authors: S Wilson , CA Sharp , MWJ Davie
Published: January 2019

Purpose: Bisphosphonates are valuable in reducing the incidence of fracture. Side effects limit persistence with oral therapy and long term studies of pain relief are difficult to pursue. Intravenous bisphosphonates offer an alternative treatment to oral bisphosphonates and are tolerated over a longer period. The use of Pamidronate, an intravenously administered bisphosphonate, to benefit pain and reduce fracture incidence in the long term has not been extensively investigated. The study aimed to investigate the effect of Pamidronate on pain, vertebral fracture incidence and Bone Mineral Density over 6 or more years.Methods: Patients were offered intravenous Pamidronate if oral treatment with bisphosphonates or Hormone replacement therapy had failed due to side effects, fractures continued on oral treatment or oesophageal reflux led to cessation of oral treatment. Pain was assessed using the Nottingham health profile; radiographs were used to evaluate vertebral fracture and DXA measured bone mineral density.Results: The primary outcome was the pain domain. Median patient follow up was 9 years. Pain had improved significantly (p = 0.03) and in 68% pain had either improved or remained unchanged. Vertebral fractures occurred in 14% of patients in the first 3 years, 9.5% in years 4-6, but increased in years 7-9 to 27%. Bone mineral density increased in the lumbar spine (p < 0.001) but not at the femoral neck.Conclusions: Pamidronate had a beneficial effect on pain over the period of the study. Vertebral fracture incidence increased after 6 years of Pamidronate, although spine BMD increased significantly.
Young Population Attending for Whole Body Technetium 99MDP Bone Scintigraphy: A Single Institution Experience
Authors: Halim Hosam , Halim Amal , Hamed Rasha Hamdy
Published: January 2019

Objective: Radionuclide isotope scanning is a sensitive scanning procedure for the detecting of bone pathology. This article focuses on an institution experience bone Scintigraphy applications in patients below 25 years.Patients and methods: This study is a retrospective descriptive study that analyzed the handwritten medical records of patients younger than 25 years old referred for Technetium bone scan in Mansoura University Hospital, Nuclear Medicine Unit from August 2011 to October 2015.Results: Seventy-six patients younger than 25 years old were referred for bone scan. The main cause of referral was metastatic work up. Osteosarcomas and Ewing tumors constituted together the commonest malignant tumors referred while osteochondromas were the commonest benign tumors. The area around the knee was the commonest affected area in the primary bone neoplasm’s while the vertebrae and the pelvis were the commonest sites of distant metastasis. No recorded complications existed secondary to the injection of the radioactive material. The commonest defect was lack of documentation of the family history.Conclusion: This study helped to elucidate the extent of medical support that our nuclear medicine unit can give to other pediatric and adolescent medical specialties. It demonstrates also the wise selection of the cases to be referred for bone scan. To maximize the benefit from our bone scan service, analysis of differences between our unit and older larger units in the country is needed as regard policy decisions and financing. Digital reporting will put an end to mistakes in handwritten patient records.
In Vitro effect of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2) and Cigarette Smoke Extract (CSE) on Osteoblastic Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Beneficial Biological Effects of BMP-2 Negated By CSE
Authors: Sloan Andrew , Hussain Issam , El-Sheemy Mohamed , Maqsood Mohammad , Mubasher Latif , Sharma Vikas , Eremin Oleg
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Clinical and demographic studies have shown that tobacco smoking is a major contributor to non- and delayed-union in fracture healing. The cellular and molecular basis for this is poorly understood, and few studies in human fractures have been undertaken.Aims: To analyse the in vitro biological effects of tobacco smoking at the cellular level within the human fracture microenvironment, with specific regard to mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) proliferation and to ascertain whether the application of bone morphogenetic factor-2 (BMP-2) could be used therapeutically to improve fracture healing.Methods: Fracture haematomas (n=10) were collected from anaesthetised, non-smoking patients who had sustained a tibial fracture, and who were undergoing surgical operative fixation. The semi-solid material was dissected and explanted into tissue culture flasks. Complete culture media was introduced, and cultures were incubated at 37oC in a humidified 5% CO2 environment. Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) was produced and infused into the cell cultures to establish an in vitro smoking environment. A control group (n=10) was set-up and left  ntreated by CSE. Harvested, spindle-shaped adherent cells were characterised by immunocytochemistry. Cell populations were counted via flow cytometry to assess and compare proliferation rates between CSE-treated and untreated cell cultures. BMP-2 concentrations (10 and 100 ng/mL (an additional dose of 500 ng/mL in CSE- reated cells)) were infused into cell cultures to enhance in vitro cellular viability, which was analysed by means of the MTT assay.Results: There was a significant reduction in the rate of proliferation of osteoblastic MSCs in CSE-treated cells after 5 days of culture (p < 0.05). At a dose of 100 ng/mL, BMP-2 augmented cellular growth and improved cellular viability in cultures not treated with CSE (p < 0.0001). No significant improvement was seen in CSE-treated cell cultures.Summary: The effect of smoking on bone fracture healing appears to contribute to the inhibition of osteoblast proliferation, which may not be reversible with the therapeutic use of exogenous BMP-2. Moreover, the improvement seen in non-smokers does strengthen the case for smokers to cease using tobacco in the perioperative setting in order that such treatments are rendered more effective.
Negative Affect and Situational Antecedents of Eating in Disordered Eating and Normal Population an Ecological Momentary Assessment Study
Authors: Paganini Chiara , Peterson Gregory , Mills Jacqueline
Published: January 2019

The research examined the role of an affective state and immediate surrounds as possible antecedents of eating, utilising Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA), repeated assessments of current psychological and situational states in participants’ natural environments. 136 adults [55 with disordered eating (DE) and 81 controls] were recruited from the community and they completed event-contingent and random assessments over a seven-day period. Psychological and situational variables relative to eating were investigated to test if there was a significant difference in negative affect, hunger levels, time and location. To account for the nesting of multiple categorical observations within subjects, data were analysed using generalised estimating equations and autoregressive correlation, a repeated measure MANOVA and paired-sample t-tests.Levels of guilt and disgust were higher at eating episodes in DE participants and feelings of guilt and dissatisfaction with self were higher after eating. Being at home and being alone were both found to act as antecedents for eating in DE, whereas controls were more likely to eat whilst out in social situations. The affective state of an individual and their surrounding context, appear to be integral to the eating patterns of individuals with DE.
Biocatalysts Based on Bacterial Strain Cells with Amidase Activity for Synthesis of Acrylic Acid from Acrylamide
Authors: Maksimova Yu. G. , Yakimova M. S. , Maksimov A. Yu.
Published: January 2019

A biocatalytic process for synthesis of acrylic acid was studied in the presence of Rhodococcus erythropolis 4-1 and Alcaligenes faecalis 2 strains with the pronounced amidase activity. The optimal pH of the process was 6–7 for R. erythropolis 4-1 and 7–7.5 for A. faecalis 2, optimal temperature 20–50 °C for both strains, optimal concentration of acrylamide 150 mM for R. erythropolis 4-1 and 250 mM for A. faecalis 2. At the stepwise addition of the substrate, the synthesis was more effective with A. faecalis 2 than with R. erythropolis 4-1. Freezing at –20 °C was shown preferable for storing the biocatalysts. The amidase activity of both humid and dry stored A. faecalis 2 cells immobilized on activated glutaric aldehyde and non-activated chitosan was not decreased.
History in Malta's New National Curriculum Framework
Authors: Vella Yosanne
Published: January 2019

In February 2013 Malta's new national Curriculum, entitled 'A New National Framework for All' was launched. It was the end result of almost three years of meetings, debates, discussions, consolations and draft documents. This paper first gives a brief description of the historical
background of Curricula in Malta, all of which eventually lead up to the present one, and then goes on to discuss specifically history in Maltese Curricula. Today it is no exaggeration to say that, of all school subjects history is the one which has undergone the most radical transformation
as far as its pedagogy is concerned. History teaching in Malta now focuses on the learning of specific history skills and concepts, and analyses and interpretation of primary and secondary sources. However, history does not have a high status in the Maltese educational system and there were
clear intentions in the initial stages of the creation of the new curriculum to eliminate the subject. This paper describes the advances in history pedagogy experienced in Malta in the past 20 years and the endeavours of the writer to retain history as a separate academic subject in the new
curriculum.