bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Negotiating Imperialism and Resistance in Late Bronze Age Ugarit: The Rise of Alphabetic Cuneiform
Authors: Boyes Philip J.
Published: December 2018

Ugarit was a highly cosmopolitan, multilingual and multiscript city at the intersection of several major Late Bronze Age political and cultural spheres of influence. In the thirteenth centurybc, the city adopted a new alphabetic cuneiform writing system in the local language for certain uses alongside the Akkadian language, script and scribal practices that were standard throughout the Near East. Previous research has seen this as ‘vernacularization’, in response to the city's encounter with Mesopotamian culture. Recent improvements in our understanding of the date of Ugarit's adoption of alphabetic cuneiform render this unlikely, and this paper instead argues that we should see this vernacularization as part of Ugarit's negotiation of, and resistance to, their encounter with Hittite imperialism. Furthermore, it stands as a specific, Ugaritian, manifestation of similar trends apparent across a number of East Mediterranean societies in response to the economic and political globalism of Late Bronze Age élite culture. As such, these changes in Ugaritian scribal practice have implications for our wider understanding of the end of the Late Bronze Age.
RIGIOLEPIS AND VACCINIUM (ERICACEAE) IN BORNEO
Authors: Argent G.
Published: December 2018

Rigiolepis and Vaccinium of Borneo are revised, and their characteristics are discussed. Brief comments on distinguishing Vaccinium and Rigiolepis from related genera in the Ericaceae are made. Vaccinium sect. Bracteata is now considered the only section of Vaccinium occurring in Borneo. The chief reason for reinstating Rigiolepis as a genus is the distinctive 10-locular ovary whose structure has been overlooked in recent studies, while the supporting characters of multiple axillary flower buds, flower size, anther shape and fruit colour provide for easy recognition. New keys are provided to all 42 species, and all accepted taxa are described. Ten taxa are new to science and 17 new combinations are made. An addendum gives the combinations to be used for the two species of Rigiolepis presently known to occur outside Borneo.
LIMITED ASSET MARKET PARTICIPATION AND DETERMINACY IN THE OPEN ECONOMY – ERRATUM
Authors: Buffie Edward F. , Zanna Luis-Felipe
Published: December 2018

As originally published the first keyword in this list was misspelled. The publisher regrets the error and displays the keywords correctly here:
Interference of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Density in Grafted and Nongrafted Watermelon
Authors: Bertucci Matthew B. , Jennings Katherine M. , Monks David W. , Schultheis Jonathan R. , Louws Frank J. , Jordan David L.
Published: December 2018

Watermelon [Citrullus lanatus(Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai] grafting is commonly used for management of diseases caused by soilborne pathogens; however, little research exists describing the effect of grafting on the weed-competitive ability of watermelon. Field experiments determined the response in yield, fruit number, and fruit quality of grafted and nongrafted watermelon exposed to increasing densities of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeriS. Watson). Grafting treatments included ‘Exclamation’ triploid (seedless) watermelon grafted on two interspecific hybrid squash rootstocks ‘Carnivor’ and ‘Kazako’, with nongrafted Exclamation as the control. Weed treatments includedA. palmeriat densities of 1, 2, 3, and 4A. palmeriplants per watermelon planting hole (0.76-m row) and a weed-free control. IncreasingA. palmeridensities caused significant reductions (P <0.05) in marketable watermelon yield and marketable fruit number. Watermelon yield reduction was described by a rectangular hyperbola model, and 4A. palmeriplants planting hole−1reduced marketable yield 41%, 38%, and 65% for Exclamation, Carnivor, and Kazako, respectively. Neither grafting treatment norA. palmeridensity had a biologically meaningful effect on soluble solids content or on the incidence of hollow heart in watermelon fruit.Amaranthus palmeriseed and biomass production was similar across weed population densities, but seed number per femaleA. palmeridecreased according to a two-parameter exponential decay equation. Thus, increasing weed population densities resulted in increased intraspecific competition amongA. palmeriplants. While grafting may offer benefits for disease resistance, no benefits regarding weed-competitive ability were observed, and a consistent yield penalty was associated with grafting, even in weed-free treatments.
Hypothesis Testing for Nonlinear Phenomena in the Geosciences Using Synthetic, Surrogate Data
Authors: Keylock C. J.
Published: December 2018

Studying nonlinear and potentially chaotic phenomena in geophysics from measured signals is problematic when system noise interferes with the dynamic processes that one is trying to infer. In such circumstances, a framework for statistical hypothesis testing is necessary but the nonlinear nature of the phenomena studied makes the formulation of standard hypothesis tests, such as analysis of variance, problematic as they are based on underlying linear, Gaussian assumptions. One approach to this problem is the method of surrogate data, which is the technique explained in this paper. In particular, we focus on (i) hypothesis testing for nonlinearity by generating linearized surrogates as a null hypothesis, (ii) a variant of this that is perhaps more appropriate for image data where structural nonlinearities are common and should be retained in the surrogates, and (iii) gradual reconstruction where we systematically constrain the surrogates until there is no significant difference between data and surrogates and use this to understand geophysical processes. In addition to time series of sunspot activity, solutions to the Lorenz equations, and spatial maps of enstrophy in a turbulent channel flow, two examples are considered in detail. The first concerns gradual wavelet reconstruction testing of the significance of a specific vortical flow structure from turbulence time series acquired at a point. In the second, the degree of nonlinearity in the spatial profiles of river curvature is shown to be affected by the occurrence of meander cutoff processes but in a more complex fashion than previously envisaged.
Long‐Term Changes in Wintertime Temperature Extremes in Moscow and Their Relation to Regional Atmospheric Dynamics
Authors: Zyulyaeva Yulia A. , Studholme Joshua H. P. , Zveryaev Igor I.
Published: December 2018

Interannual variability and long‐term changes in winter air temperature extremes in Moscow (1949–2017) are investigated using observational and reanalysis data. Significant interdecadal changes in principal characteristics of temperature extremes are revealed. Strong warming (0.50 °K per decade) is identified contrasting to the previously identified summer trend of 0.25 °K per decade. This is attributable to middle‐to‐late winter. Winter and summer daily air temperature variabilities are fundamentally different with wintertime anomalies strongly negatively skewed, while summer displays Gaussian variability. A reduction in the number of cold days and an increase in warm days in December and March are found. In January and February, the probability of warm extremes increases, while the probability of cold extremes remains constant. Intensification of January extremes (cold and warm) is revealed along with daily temperature variability reduction. In aggregate, potential shortening of Moscow's winter season, suppression of the previously strong seasonal cycle in daily temperature variability, and intensification of midwinter extremes are identified. Dynamical linkages are found to North Atlantic and Mediterranean storm track variability as well as synoptic activity over the Barents‐Kara Seas. Lagrangian analysis shows associations of wintertime extreme warm events to air masses originating over the North Atlantic and Mediterranean regions. Air masses implicated in cold extremes are mostly of Siberian and Arctic origin. On interannual time scales cold event frequency in Moscow is impacted by the negative phase of North Atlantic Oscillation, whereas frequency of warm events is influenced by the positive phase of North Atlantic Oscillation and the negative phase of Scandinavian teleconnection.
11 Years of Rayleigh Lidar Observations of Gravity Wave Activity Above the Southern Tip of South America
Authors: Llamedo P. , Salvador J. , de la Torre A. , Quiroga J. , Alexander P. , Hierro R. , Schmidt T. , Pazmiño A. , Quel E.
Published: December 2018

Gravity wave (GW) activity is analyzed using temperature (T) data retrieved from a Rayleigh light detection and ranging (lidar) at Río Gallegos, Argentina (51.6°S, 69.3°W). GW characteristics are derived from 302 nights of observations providing more than 1,018 hr of high‐resolution lidar data between 20‐ and 56‐km height from August 2005 to December 2015. T measurements are performed by a Differential Absorption Lidar instrument. This lidar was the southernmost outside Antarctica until the end of 2017. Río Gallegos is an exceptional place to observe large amplitude GW. Every lidar measurement is classified according to its relative position to the polar vortex. The lidar measurements are compared with collocated Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry and Global Positioning System‐Radio Occultation data. The different instruments show different windows of the GW spectrum, providing complementary observations. In general, the geometric mean of the specific GW potential energy (PE) is larger during winter and spring than during summer and autumn. The largest geometric mean of PE is found inside the vortex and decreases monotonically at its edge, outside it and when there is no vortex. The same behavior is observed with satellite data. On average, it can be seen that lidar observations provide larger PE values than limb sounding measurements. From a Morlet continuous wavelet transform analysis, three distinct modes are captured from Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry and from Global Positioning System‐Radio Occultation data at the upper and lower stratosphere, respectively. In particular, a systematic 3.5‐ to 4‐year oscillation, possibly related to El Niño–Southern Oscillation is observed.
The Role of Convective Self‐Aggregation in Extreme Instantaneous Versus Daily Precipitation
Authors: Bao Jiawei , Sherwood Steven C.
Published: December 2018

The impacts of convective self‐aggregation on extreme precipitation and updraft velocity are investigated by using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model in the idealized setting of radiative‐convective equilibrium with a 3‐km horizontal resolution. Aggregated and unaggregated states are achieved by conducting simulations with fully interactive and fixed radiation, respectively. We find that convective self‐aggregation has a negligible impact on extreme instantaneous precipitation but weakens the extreme updrafts and condensation, indicating a negative dynamical contribution from aggregation to extreme instantaneous precipitation. However, this is balanced by higher precipitation efficiency to maintain the same extreme instantaneous precipitation. This balance occurs because updrafts decrease mainly above the freezing level, suppressing graupel production. As graupel has a longer residence time than rain, less graupel formation with aggregation implies enhanced instantaneous local precipitation efficiency. Peak updraft velocity scales with the vertical integral of buoyancy, measured with respect to the local prestorm environment. This local environment is warmer and moister at middle and high levels when convection is aggregated compared to when it is unaggregated, reducing the buoyancy and updraft velocity. Unlike extreme instantaneous precipitation, extreme daily precipitation is stronger in aggregated states, as self‐aggregation localizes and sustains updrafts and condensation in relatively fixed locations. Our results imply that extreme instantaneous precipitation is more sensitive to microphysical processes while extreme daily precipitation is more linked to the degree of aggregation.
Bayesian Analyses of 17 Winters of Water Vapor Fluxes Show Bark Beetles Reduce Sublimation
Authors: Frank John M. , Massman William J. , Ewers Brent E. , Williams David G.
Published: December 2018

Sublimation is an important hydrological flux in cold, snow‐dominated ecosystems. In high‐elevation spruce‐fir forests of western North America, spruce beetle outbreaks have killed trees, reduced the canopy, and altered processes that control sublimation. We evaluated two hypotheses related to effects of disturbance on sublimation in this ecosystem: (1) the dominant source for sublimation is canopy intercepted snow and (2) the loss of canopy following a beetle disturbance leads to less total sublimation. To incorporate uncertainty hierarchically across multiple data sources and address phenomenological parsimony, Bayesian statistics were used to analyze 17 years (2000–2016) of winter eddy covariance flux data at the Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiments Sites AmeriFlux sites where a spruce beetle outbreak caused 75–85% basal area mortality. Our analysis revealed that resistances to sublimate snow from the canopy were an order of magnitude less than from the snowpack, and the maximum snow loading capacity in disturbed canopies was reduced to 34% of its pre‐outbreak value. Total sublimation has decreased since 2010, 2 years after the main outbreak, declining 24% (with a 95% credible interval, C.I., between 18% and 38%) during 2014–2016 due to a 32% decrease in canopy sublimation. Snowpack sublimation only increased 3% over this period. With less total sublimation, the forest retained 6.1% (4.5–12.3% C.I.) more snowpack mass or equivalently 4.4% (3.2–8.8 C.I.) of the annual precipitation. Considering tree growth and ecological succession are slow in spruce‐fir forests, this decrease in sublimation should persist as an increased snowpack for decades, with substantial impacts on catchment hydrologic processes and potentially streamflow.
Protecting U.S.-Citizen Children Whose Central American Parents Have Temporary Protected Status
Authors: Rojas-Flores Lisseth , Hwang Koo Josephine , Vaughn Jennifer Medina
Published: December 2018

Temporary Protected Status (TPS) was recently terminated for Central American residents in the United States. The TPS recipients who have not already obtained an alternative form of legal immigration authorization will soon be subject to detention and deportation. As a result, it is estimated that thousands of children, many of whom are U.S. citizens—246,200 from El Salvador and Honduras alone—will be at risk for experiencing short- and long-term psychological and health consequences owing to the impending detention and/or deportation of their parents. The United States and the global community must protect these children. Neglecting to promote protection for the offspring of TPS recipients contradicts the premises of the U.S. Constitution, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC; United Nations General Assembly, 1989 ), and the United Nations’ recent Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs; United Nations General Assembly, 2015 ). Our nation’s laws and immigration policies must interrupt cycles of trauma and establish sustainable healthy trajectories across the life span for the well-being of all children. In light of the extensive evidence on harmful effects of parent–child separation and intergenerational trauma, this policy brief recommends reaffirming commitment to maintenance of the family unit, providing a path to authorized immigration status for TPS parents, and using a “trauma and developmentally informed lens” when creating policies that involve children.
Atypical GATA transcription factor TRPS1 represses gene expression by recruiting CHD4/NuRD(MTA2) and suppresses cell migration and invasion by repressing TP63 expression
Authors: Wang Yuzhi , Lin Xue , Gong Xue , Wu Lele , Zhang Jun , Liu Weiguang , Li Jian , Chen Liming
Published: December 2018

Transcriptional repressor GATA binding 1 (TRPS1), an atypical GATA transcription factor, functions as a transcriptional repressor and is also implicated in human cancers. However, the underlying mechanism of TRPS1 contributing to malignancy remains obscure. In the current study, we report that TRPS1 recognizes both gene proximal and distal transcription start site (TSS) sequences to repress gene expression. Co-IP mass spectrometry and biochemical studies showed that TRPS1 binds to CHD4/NuRD(MTA2). Genome-wide and molecular studies revealed that CHD4/NuRD(MTA2) is required for TRPS1 transcriptional repression. Mechanically, TRPS1 and CHD4/NuRD(MTA2) form precision-guided transcriptional repression machinery in which TRPS1 guides the machinery to specific target sites by recognizing GATA elements, and CHD4/NuRD(MTA2) represses the transcription of target genes. Furthermore, TP63 was identified and validated to be a direct target of TRPS1-CHD4/NuRD(MTA2) complex, which represses TP63 expression by involving decommission of TP63 enhancer in the described precision-guided manner, leading to a reduction of the ΔNp63 level and contributing to migration and invasion of cancer cells.
The gut microbiome is required for full protection against acute arsenic toxicity in mouse models
Authors: Coryell Michael , McAlpine Mark , Pinkham Nicholas V. , McDermott Timothy R. , Walk Seth T.
Published: December 2018

Arsenic poisons an estimated 200 million people worldwide through contaminated food and drinking water. Confusingly, the gut microbiome has been suggested to both mitigate and exacerbate arsenic toxicity. Here, we show that the microbiome protects mice from arsenic-induced mortality. Both antibiotic-treated and germ-free mice excrete less arsenic in stool and accumulate more arsenic in organs compared to control mice. Mice lacking the primary arsenic detoxification enzyme (As3mt) are hypersensitive to arsenic after antibiotic treatment or when derived germ-free, compared to wild-type and/or conventional counterparts. Human microbiome (stool) transplants protect germ-free As3mt-KO mice from arsenic-induced mortality, but protection depends on microbiome stability and the presence of specific bacteria, including Faecalibacterium. Our results demonstrate that both a functional As3mt and specific microbiome members are required for protection against acute arsenic toxicity in mouse models. We anticipate that the gut microbiome will become an important explanatory factor of disease (arsenicosis) penetrance in humans, and a novel target for prevention and treatment strategies.
Transverse spin forces and non-equilibrium particle dynamics in a circularly polarized vacuum optical trap
Authors: Svak V. , Brzobohatý O. , Šiler M. , Jákl P. , Kaňka J. , Zemánek P. , Simpson S. H.
Published: December 2018

We provide a vivid demonstration of the mechanical effect of transverse spin momentum in an optical beam in free space. This component of the Poynting momentum was previously thought to be virtual, and unmeasurable. Here, its effect is revealed in the inertial motion of a probe particle in a circularly polarized Gaussian trap, in vacuum. Transverse spin forces combine with thermal fluctuations to induce a striking range of non-equilibrium phenomena. With increasing beam power we observe (i) growing departures from energy equipartition, (ii) the formation of coherent, thermally excited orbits and, ultimately, (iii) the ejection of the particle from the trap. As well as corroborating existing measurements of spin momentum, our results reveal its dynamic effect. We show how the under-damped motion of probe particles in structured light fields can expose the nature and morphology of optical momentum flows, and provide a testbed for elementary non-equilibrium statistical mechanics.
Author Correction: Enabling precision medicine in neonatology, an integrated repository for preterm birth research
Authors: Sirota Marina , Thomas Cristel G. , Liu Rebecca , Zuhl Maya , Banerjee Payal , Wong Ronald J. , Quaintance Cecele C. , Leite Rita , Chubiz Jessica , Anderson Rebecca , Chappell Joanne , Kim Mara , Grobman William , Zhang Ge , Rokas Antonis , Muglia Louis J. , Ober Carol , England Sarah K. , Macones George , Driscoll Deborah , Parry Samuel , Shaw Gary M. , Stevenson David K. , Simpson Joe Leigh , Thomson Elizabeth , Butte Atul J. ,   March of Dimes Prematurity Research Centers, Driscoll Deborah , Macones George , Muglia Louis J , Ober Carole , Stevenson David K.
Published: December 2018

The original version of the Data Descriptor contained errors in the author list and affiliations. Rita Leite’s first name was misspelled as “Rite” and affiliations 4 and 5 were incorrectly swapped. In addition, members of the March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center consortium were not listed in the agreed positions within the author list. These errors have now been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions.
Flavin-based metabolic cycles are integral features of growth and division in single yeast cells
Authors: Baumgartner Bridget L. , O’Laughlin Richard , Jin Meng , Tsimring Lev S. , Hao Nan , Hasty Jeff
Published: December 2018

The yeast metabolic cycle (YMC) is a fascinating example of biological organization, in which cells constrain the function of specific genetic, protein and metabolic networks to precise temporal windows as they grow and divide. However, understanding the intracellular origins of the YMC remains a challenging goal, as measuring the oxygen oscillations traditionally associated with it requires the use of synchronized cultures growing in nutrient-limited chemostat environments. To address these limitations, we used custom-built microfluidic devices and time-lapse fluorescence microscopy to search for metabolic cycling in the form of endogenous flavin fluorescence in unsynchronized single yeast cells. We uncovered robust and pervasive metabolic cycles that were synchronized with the cell division cycle (CDC) and oscillated across four different nutrient conditions. We then studied the response of these metabolic cycles to chemical and genetic perturbations, showing that their phase synchronization with the CDC can be altered through treatment with rapamycin, and that metabolic cycles continue even in respiratory deficient strains. These results provide a foundation for future studies of the physiological importance of metabolic cycles in processes such as CDC control, metabolic regulation and cell aging.
Contributions of default mode network stability and deactivation to adolescent task engagement
Authors: McCormick Ethan M. , Telzer Eva H.
Published: December 2018

Out of the several intrinsic brain networks discovered through resting-state functional analyses in the past decade, the default mode network (DMN) has been the subject of intense interest and study. In particular, the DMN shows marked suppression during task engagement, and has led to hypothesized roles in internally-directed cognition that need to be down-regulated in order to perform goal-directed behaviors. Previous work has largely focused on univariate deactivation as the mechanism of DMN suppression. However, given the transient nature of DMN down-regulation during task, an important question arises: Does the DMN need to be strongly, or more stably suppressed to promote successful task learning? In order to explore this question, 65 adolescents (Mage = 13.32; 21 females) completed a risky decision-making task during an fMRI scan. We tested our primary question by examining individual differences in absolute level of deactivation against the stability of activation across time in predicting levels of feedback learning on the task. To measure stability, we utilized a model-based functional connectivity approach that estimates the stability of activation across time within a region. In line with our hypothesis, the stability of activation in default mode regions predicted task engagement over and above the absolute level of DMN deactivation, revealing a new mechanism by which the brain can suppress the influence of brain networks on behavior. These results also highlight the importance of adopting model-based network approaches to understand the functional dynamics of the brain.
Barrier Effects of the Kuroshio Current on the East Asian Northerly Monsoon: A Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Pan Jiayi , Feng Xue , Lai Wenfeng , Devlin Adam T. , Lin Hui
Published: December 2018

Through the use of satellite scatterometer data, it is observed that the East Asian northerly monsoonal winds decrease drastically when crossing the Kuroshio Current. In a section across the Kuroshio Current region, as revealed by reanalysis data, it is suggested that the upward velocity has a two-cell structure extending to the 500 hPa height, and a strong atmospheric convergence is present below the 900 hPa level. The reanalysis data also show that the northerly wind speed decreases significantly when crossing the Kuroshio Current region below 850 hPa height. A sensitivity analysis is implemented using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, showing that the atmospheric convergence and the northerly wind drop are enhanced as the Kuroshio region surface temperature increases. This indicates that the Kuroshio Current can act as a barrier to the East Asian northerly monsoonal winds in winter.
The canonical behavior of the entropic component of thermodynamic effective molarity. An attempt at unifying covalent and noncovalent cyclizations
Authors: Di Stefano Stefano , Mandolini Luigi
Published: December 2018

The statistically corrected entropic component of effective molarity (EMS*) complies with the “canonical” values expressed by the log plot of EMS*vs.the numbernof single bonds in the ring product.
Algae metabolites: fromin vitrogrowth inhibitory effects to promising anticancer activity
Authors: Lefranc Florence , Koutsaviti Aikaterini , Ioannou Efstathia , Kornienko Alexander , Roussis Vassilios , Kiss Robert , Newman David
Published: December 2018

Algae constitute a heterogeneous group of eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms, mainly found in the marine environment.
A dual modality99mTc/Re(i)-labelled T140 analogue for imaging of CXCR4 expression
Authors: Turnbull William L. , Yu Lihai , Murrell Emily , Milne Mark , Charron Carlie L. , Luyt Leonard G.
Published: December 2018

A T140-derived peptide conjugated with a naphthalimide fluorophore/chelator was coordinated to rhenium or technetium-99m to image CXCR4 expression by fluorescence microscopy or SPECT imaging.
Enhanced stability of crosslinked and charged unimolecular micelles from multigeometry triblock copolymers with short hydrophilic segments: dissipative particle dynamics simulation
Authors: Xu Jianchang , Zhang Jing , Xiong Di , Lin Wenjing , Wen Liyang , Zhang Lijuan
Published: December 2018

The synergetic stabilization strategy of crosslinking and electrostatic repulsion can generate unimolecular micelles with extremely high stability for various supramolecular polymers with short hydrophilic chains.
Small asymmetric Brownian objects self-align in nanofluidic channels
Authors: Fiorucci Giulia , Padding Johan T. , Dijkstra Marjolein
Published: December 2018

Small Brownian particles, asymmetric in shape, display self-alignment in Hele-Shaw flow in nanofluidic channels.
Rho–ROCK signaling regulates tumor-microenvironment interactions
Authors: Johan Mohammad Zahied , Samuel Michael S.
Published: December 2018

Reciprocal biochemical and biophysical interactions between tumor cells, stromal cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) result in a unique tumor microenvironment that determines disease outcome. The cellular component of the tumor microenvironment contributes to tumor growth by providing nutrients, assisting in the infiltration of immune cells and regulating the production and remodeling of the ECM. The ECM is a noncellular component of the tumor microenvironment and provides both physical and biochemical support to the tumor cells. Rho–ROCK signaling is a key regulator of actomyosin contractility and regulates cell shape, cytoskeletal arrangement and thereby cellular functions such as cell proliferation, differentiation, motility and adhesion. Rho–ROCK signaling has been shown to promote cancer cell growth, migration and invasion. However, it is becoming clear that this pathway also regulates key tumor-promoting properties of the cellular and noncellular components of the tumor microenvironment. There is accumulating evidence that Rho–ROCK signaling enhances ECM stiffness, modifies ECM composition, increases the motility of tumor-associated fibroblasts and lymphocytes and promotes trans-endothelial migration of tumor-associated lymphocytes. In this review, we briefly discuss the current state of knowledge on the role of Rho–ROCK signaling in regulating the tumor microenvironment and the implications of this knowledge for therapy, potentially via the development of selective inhibitors of the components of this pathway to permit the tuning of signaling flux, including one example with demonstrated utility in pre-clinical models.
The molecular mechanism of DHHC protein acyltransferases
Authors: Rana Mitra S. , Lee Chul-Jin , Banerjee Anirban
Published: December 2018

Protein S-acylation is a reversible lipidic posttranslational modification where a fatty acid chain is covalently linked to cysteine residues by a thioester linkage. A family of integral membrane enzymes known as DHHC protein acyltransferases (DHHC-PATs) catalyze this reaction. With the rapid development of the techniques used for identifying lipidated proteins, the repertoire of S-acylated proteins continues to increase. This, in turn, highlights the important roles that S-acylation plays in human physiology and disease. Recently, the first molecular structures of DHHC-PATs were determined using X-ray crystallography. This review will comment on the insights gained on the molecular mechanism of S-acylation from these structures in combination with a wealth of biochemical data generated by researchers in the field.
Control freaks—signals and cues governing the regulation of virulence in attaching and effacing pathogens
Authors: Turner Natasha C.A. , Connolly James P.R. , Roe Andrew J.
Published: December 2018

Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) mediates disease using a type 3 secretion system (T3SS), which is encoded on the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) and is tightly controlled by master regulators. This system is further modulated by a number of signals that help to fine-tune virulence, including metabolic, environmental and chemical signals. Since the LEE and its master regulator, Ler, were established, there have been numerous scientific advancements in understanding the regulation and expression of virulence factors in EHEC. This review will discuss the recent advancements in this field since our previous review, with a focus on the transcriptional regulation of the LEE.
Energy theft detection for AMI using principal component analysis based reconstructed data
Authors: Singh Sandeep Kumar , Bose Ranjan , Joshi Anupam
Published: December 2018

To detect energy theft attacks in advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), we propose a detection method based on principal component analysis (PCA) approximation. PCA approximation is introduced by dimensionality reduction of high dimensional AMI data and the authors extract the underlying consumption trends of a consumer that repeat on a daily or weekly basis. AMI data is reconstructed using principal components and used for computing relative entropy. In the proposed method, relative entropy is used to measure the similarity between two probability distributions derived from reconstructed consumption dataset. When energy theft attacks are injected into AMI, the probability distribution of energy consumption will deviate from the historical consumption, so leading to a larger relative entropy. The proposed detection method is tested under different attack scenarios using real‐smart‐meter data. Test results show that the proposed method can detect theft attacks with high detection percentage.
The Fornax Deep Survey with the VST
Authors: Iodice E. , Spavone M. , Capaccioli M. , Peletier R. F. , van de Ven G. , Napolitano N. R. , Hilker M. , Mieske S. , Smith R. , Pasquali A. , Limatola L. , Grado A. , Venhola A. , Cantiello M. , Paolillo M. , Falcon-Barroso J. , D’Abrusco R. , Schipani P.
Published: December 2018

Context. This paper is based on the multi-band (ugri) Fornax Deep Survey (FDS) with the VLT Survey Telescope (VST). We study bright early-type galaxies (mB ≤ 15 mag) in the 9 square degrees around the core of the Fornax cluster, which covers the virial radius (Rvir  ∼ 0.7 Mpc).

Aims. The main goal of the present work is to provide an analysis of the light distribution for all galaxies out to unprecedented limits (in radius and surface brightness) and to release the main products resulting from this analysis in all FDS bands. We give an initial comprehensive view of the galaxy structure and evolution as a function of the cluster environment.

Methods. From the isophote fit, we derived the azimuthally averaged surface brightness profiles, the position angle, and ellipticity profiles as a function of the semi-major axis. In each band, we derived the total magnitudes, effective radii, integrated colours, and stellar mass-to-light ratios.

Results. The long integration times, the arcsec-level angular resolution of OmegaCam at VST, and the large covered area of FDS allow us to map the light and colour distributions out to large galactocentric distances (up to about 10−15 Re) and surface brightness levels beyond μr = 27 mag arcsec−2 (μB ≥ 28 mag arcsec−2). Therefore, the new FDS data allow us to explore in great detail the morphology and structure of cluster galaxies out to the region of the stellar halo. The analysis presented in this paper allows us to study how the structure of galaxies and the stellar population content vary with the distance from the cluster centre. In addition to the intra-cluster features detected in previous FDS works, we found a new faint filament between FCC 143 and FCC 147, suggesting an ongoing interaction.

Conclusions. The observations suggest that the Fornax cluster is not completely relaxed inside the virial radius. The bulk of the gravitational interactions between galaxies happens in the W-NW core region of the cluster, where most of the bright early-type galaxies are located and where the intra-cluster baryons (diffuse light and globular clusters) are found. We suggest that the W-NW sub-clump of galaxies results from an infalling group onto the cluster, which has modified the structure of the galaxy outskirts (making asymmetric stellar halos) and has produced the intra-cluster baryons (ICL and GCs), concentrated in this region of the cluster.
Failure Analysis of Composite Pinned Joints Based on Continuum Damage Mechanics
Authors: Tuo Hongliang , Ma Xiaoping , Lu Zhixian
Published: December 2018

The paper conducted bearing tests on composite pinned joints with four different stacking sequences. The bearing strength and bearing chord stiffness were obtained. The influence of stacking sequences on failure modes, bearing strength and bearing chord stiffness was discussed. Based on continuum damage mechanics, a three-dimensional finite element model of composite pinned joint under bearing load was built, where the maximum strain criterion was employed for initiation and bi-liner damage constitutive relation for revolution of fiber damage, while the physical-based Puck criterion was used for matrix damage initiation, and matrix damage revolution depended on the effective strain on the fracture plane. The failure mode, bearing strength and bearing chord stiffness of composite pinned joint were discussed with this model under which the non-linear shear behavior and in-situ strength effects were considered. Good agreements between test results and numerical simulations validates the accuracy and applicability of the finite element model.
A High Efficient Fluid-Structure Interaction Method for Flutter Analysis of Mistuned
Authors: Liu Zhanhe , Quan Jinlou , Yang Jingyuan , Su Dan , Zhang Weiwei
Published: December 2018

The time cost is very high by direct fluid-structure interaction method for mistuned bladed disk structures, so aerodynamic loads generally are ignored or treated as small perturbations in traditional flutter analysis. In order to analyze the flutter characteristics of mistuned blade rapidly and accurately, this paper presents an efficient fluid-structure interaction method based on aerodynamic reduced order model. system identification technology and two basic assumptions are used to build the unsteady aerodynamic reduced order model. Coupled the structural equations and the aerodynamic model in the state space, the flutter stability of mistuned bladed disk can be obtained by changing the structural parameters. For the STCF 4 example, the response calculated by this method agrees well with the results obtained by the direct CFD, but the computational efficiency is improved by nearly two orders of magnitude. This method is used to study the stiffness mistuned cascade system, and the stability characteristics of the system are obtained by calculating the eigenvalues of the aeroelastic matrix. The results show that the stiffness mistuning can significantly improve the flutter stability of the system, and also lead to the localization of the mode. The mistuning mode, mistuning amplitude and fluid structure interaction can influence the flutter stability obviously.
Numerical Investigation of Influence of Mesh Property in Nearfield Sonic Boom Prediction
Authors: Ma Boping , Wang Gang , Lei Zhijin , Ye Zhengyin
Published: December 2018

To investigate the influence of mesh property in nearfield sonic boom prediction, the over-pressures of several typical configurations are commutated and analyzed with an in-house Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes solver. The property of mesh alignment, mesh type and mesh distribution are analyzed based on the double cone configuration and the 69-degree Delta Wing Body configuration. The experimental data from wind tunnel are used as comparisons. The results show that the Mach cone aligned method has significant improvement to the accuracy for the prediction of sonic boom in nearfield. Both structured and un-structed mesh with a cylinder zone near the model can help to capture the distribution of the over-pressure, however, it is more convenient to use unstructured mesh when deal with complex configurations. The aspect ratio and circumferential spacing affect the captured shock wave peak value and the shapes. The accuracy of the prediction can be satisfied by carefully selecting these two factors. In the last, the summarized strategies for mesh generation are applied in the sonic boom prediction of a complex supersonic transport configuration, the Lockheed Martin 1021 to verify its practicability.
Thermal Analyses of Active-Cooled Strut in RBCC Engine
Authors: Jing Tingting , He Guoqiang , Hou Zhiyuan , Li Wenqiang , Qin Fei , Zhang Duo
Published: December 2018

Fuel-injection strut is an efficient way to increase the depth of fuel penetration and strengthen the mixing process of hot gas in supersonic combustor. With a validated numerical model, this article analyzed the effects of leading edge's radius, wall thickness and mass flow distribution on cooling efficiency of fuel-injection strut and proposed an optimizing strategy for active-cooled strut. Results showed that the larger radius of leading edge not only decreased the heat flux on the leading edge, but also has a negative effect on the aerodynamic performance of strut; and a thinner wall could enhance the cooling efficiency and uniformize the temperature distribution of the wedge; furthermore, the flow distribution of inlet coolant had a significant impact on the heat transfer and flow processes, an optimized way of flow distribution was obtained by comparing three different ways of distribution.
Aircraft Inertial Measurement Unit Fault Diagnosis Based on Optimal Two-Stage UKF
Authors: He Qizhi , Zhang Weiguo , Huang Degang , Chen Huakun , Liu Jinglong
Published: December 2018

Optimal two stage Kalman filter (OTSKF) is able to obtain optimal estimation of system states and bias for linear system which contains random bias. Unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is a conventional nonlinear filtering method which utilizes Sigmas point sampling and unscented transformation technology realizes propagation of state means and covariances through nonlinear system. Aircraft is a typical complicate nonlinear system, this paper treats the faults of Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) as random bias, established a filtering model which contains faults of IMU. Hybird the two stage filtering technique and UKF, this paper proposed an optimal two stage unscented Kalman filter (OTSUKF) algorithm which is suitable for fault diagnosis of IMU, realized optimal estimation of system states and faults identification of IMU via proposed innovative designing method of filtering model and the algorithm was validated that it is robust to wind disterbance via real flight data and it is also validated that proposed OTSUKF is optimal in the existance of wind disturbance via comparing with the existance iterated optimal two stage extended kalman filter (IOTSEKF) method.
Backstepping Fault-Tolerant Control for Unmanned Thrust-Vectoring Aircraft Based on Sliding-Mode Observer
Authors: Li Bingqian , Dong Wenhan , Ma Xiaoshan
Published: December 2018

In this paper, a backstepping fault-tolerant control based on sliding-mode observer is proposed for the unmanned thrust-vectoring aircraft (UTVA) control. First, the UTVA model with the uncertainty, control surface damage and actuator faults is described, which is divided into fast loop and slow loop. Next, the cascade observers including a high-order SMO and the discontinuous projection adaptive law are proposed to estimate the states with compensating the uncertainty and control surface damage, and the sliding-mode observer is designed to identify actuator faults and estimate fault parameters. Then, the backstepping fault-tolerant control combining the estimation of states and fault parameters is proposed to achieve the global fault-tolerant control, which compensates the uncertainty, control surface damage and actuator faults. Finally, simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness for UTVA.
Path Sets Combination Method for Reliability Analysis of Phased-Mission Systems Based on Cumulative Exposure Model
Authors: Hu Qiguo , He Jinyin
Published: December 2018

The modeling of phased-mission systems is difficult and the solving process is complex because of the relevance of the phase tasks and the sharing of components existing in different phases or between phases. To solve the problem, based on the cumulative exposure model, the path sets combination method of phased-mission systems is proposed. Aiming at the problem of the cross-stage correlation of components and its different failure rate in each phase, the cumulative exposure model considering the historical damage of components is used to solve by obtaining the cumulative damage distribution of each component in each phase. Firstly, a phased-mission systems reliability model is build by mapping phased-mission system fault trees into a Bayesian network. By traversing the Bayesian network, the minimal path sets of each phase are obtained. Secondly, the disjoint formulas introduced by variable elimination method are used to do the disjoint operation of the minimal path sets of each phase and the conditional probability relations of the common components are used to reduce the minimal path sets scale. Finally, the minimum disjoint path sets of each phase are combined and summed according to the component conditional probability relation. The path sets combination method of phased-mission systems avoids the large conditional probability table, large storage and large computation problems caused by the excessive discrete states in the traditional Bayesian method and the problem that the PMS-BDD method has strict requirements for variable ordering and is difficult to solve the system reliability with multiple failure distribution types of components. In the end, a phased-mission systems reliability modeling and solving is carried out for a geosynchronous orbit satellite, and compared with the PMS-BDD method, which verifies the correctness of the method.
Thermal Response Analysis of Flexible Connecting Structure of Large Mesh Antenna
Authors: Yan Senhao , Zhou Zuoxin , Hu Guojie
Published: December 2018

The thermal uniformity of large mesh antennas in orbit is influenced by the thermal encironment, which results in thermal deformation and affects the performance of the antenna.Therefore, it is the basis of improving antenna performance to accuratey predict the temperature and analyze the influence facors of the thermal stability of the antenna.In this paper, a large mesh antenna model is constructed by using the FEM analysis software to simulate the thermal response of the flexible connecting structure of the metal mesh reflector, tension cable and rib component.The analysis results show that the temperature of antenna metal mesh and rib components are sensitive to the connection of the two, and their connection to tension rope is not sensitive. The tension cable is sensitive to the connection of the metal mesh and is insensitive to the connection of the rib components. The above analysis can provide an important reference for the design of large mesh antenna connection structure.
Giant-cell granuloma: 2 case reports
Authors: Abdelqader Samir , Roche Nicolas , Manfredi Laurent , Papon Jean-François , Maman Louis , Ferré François
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Giant-cell granuloma (GCG) is a benign tumor occurring almost exclusively in the jaws. These lesions remain rare but can sometime have an aggressive behavior. In this article, we will describe and follow two cases of GCG. Observations: The first case is a referred female patient, who presents a mandibular swelling. Its clinical and radiological aspects lead us to do a biopsy, with a histological result of GCG. The second case is a patient with a terminal kidney failure, referred for a buccal swelling in the upper left jaw. The cone-beam computed tomography X-ray shows a compartmentalized lesion with blurry limits. An excisional biopsy is performed and the histological diagnosis is a GCG. Discussion: Although the first patient suffers from no systemic disease, the second one presents a terminal kidney failure resulting in a chronic hyperparathyroidism. Hyperparathyroidism can activate osteoclastic resorption and create bone lesions such as brown tumors. Conclusion: The slow and asymptomatic growth of these lesions often result in a late diagnosis. It should be kept in mind as a differential diagnosis when dealing with an osteolytic lesion of the jaws with no clear etiology, especially if hyperparathyroidism or kidney failure is associated.
Unicystic ameloblastoma mimicking a dentigerous cyst: short case report
Authors: Gaudinat Martin , Samama Mickael , Guyon Alice , Razouk Omar , Goudot Patrick
Published: December 2018

Observation: This case reports an unusual morphology and localisation of ameloblastoma that imitates a dentigerous cyst on an inclused mandibular canine. Comments: Ameloblastoma is a local odontogenic benign tumour which often relapse. It is usually described in its polycystic form in the posterior mandibular part.