bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The distribution of conflict and attention across energy infrastructure
Authors: You Jongeun , Heikkila Tanya , Weible Christopher M. , Kim Serena , Park Kyudong , Yordy Jill , Smolinski Sharon L.
Published: February 2022

Across the world, public administration and policy decisions are related to diverse levels of conflict and attention. However, the degree and variance of conflict and attention remain largely unspecified. This article examines how types of energy infrastructure and characteristics of project location are associated with the distribution of conflict and attention around the energy infrastructure siting process. Our empirical focus is on gas pipelines, electricity transmission lines, solar power projects, and wind power projects across the United States in 2018. Primarily relying on regression analysis and interviews, this article finds differences in the distribution of conflict and attention intensity within and between these energy infrastructure types, with gas pipelines and wind power projects presenting relatively higher conflict and attention intensities. However, conflict and attention are skewed to low intensities across infrastructure types. Characteristics of project locations that are positively associated with high conflict and attention intensity include the proportion of Democratic voters and the level of urbanization in the places where projects are sited. In contrast, the proportion of Black or Hispanic residents is negatively associated with high conflict and attention intensity.
The Effect of Pronatalist Rhetoric on Women's Fertility Preferences in Turkey
Authors: Dildar Yasemin
Published: February 2022

This paper analyzes the impact of pronatalist rhetoric on women's fertility preferences in Turkey using a mixed‐methods approach. Since 2008, Prime Minister (and since 2014 President) Recep Tayyip Erdoğan has given speeches about the necessity of increasing fertility and has demanded at least three children from families. This call was supported by monetary incentives in 2015. I analyze the impact of the rhetoric on women's fertility preferences between 2008 and 2013. In the first part of the paper, I use qualitative data I collected through in‐depth interviews in 2013 to show a relationship between women's political orientation and their acceptance of the rhetoric. Then, using quantitative data from the 2008 and 2013 rounds of the Turkey Demographic and Health Surveys, I analyze whether the pronatalist rhetoric had an independent effect on increasing fertility preferences. An individual‐level religiosity variable is used as a proxy to account for women's responsiveness to the rhetoric. I find that religiosity was positively related to women's desire to have a third child in both 2008 and 2013, but it was statistically significant only in 2013 after the rhetoric had been widely circulated in the media.
Cytogenetics to functional genomics: six decades journey of Professor P.K. Gupta
Authors: Kulwal Pawan L. , Mir Reyazul Rouf , Varshney Rajeev K.
Published: February 2022

We had the fortune of starting our scientific/research careers in the Molecular Biology and Crop Biotechnology Laboratory of Professor P.K. Gupta at Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, UP, India. Here, we describe the most important scientific contributions of our beloved mentor in the area of cytotaxonomy, cytogenetics, mutation breeding, quantitative genetics, molecular biology, crop biotechnology and plant genomics, on his 85th birthday. Important contributions made in the development and use of genomics resources including the development and use of different kinds of molecular markers, genetic and physical mapping, quantitative trait locus (QTL) interval mapping, genome‐wide association mapping and molecular breeding including marker‐assisted selection have been briefly summarized. Efforts have been also made to give readers a glimpse of important contributions in the study of cytology/apomixis of grasses, cytotaxonomic studies in asteraceae/fabaceae, nuclear/repetitive DNA content in Lolium, interspecific/intergeneric relationships involving the genus Hordeum and re‐examining taxonomy of the tribe Triticeae.
Classification of pediatric headache cases referred to a neurology department
Authors: Kanamori Keita , Miyama Sahoko
Published: February 2022

Background

Headaches are very common in children. The patients often have mild symptoms, but on occasion may have severe, secondary headaches. The present study aimed to clarify the details of children with headaches seen at the outpatient clinic of a pediatric neurological department.

Methods

The present, retrospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary pediatric hospital in Japan and enrolled children referred to the neurology department outpatient clinic for headache between April 2018 and March 2021.

Results

In total, 113 cases of headache were examined; of these, 99 (87.6%) were primary headaches, one case (0.9%) was a secondary headache, and 13 (11.5%) were unclassified or unspecified. There were 46 cases (40.7%) of tension‐type headache (TTH), both confirmed and suspected, 30 cases (26.5%) of migraine, and 23 cases (20.4%) of a combination of the TTH and migraine. One case of secondary headache was attributed to an infection. Arachnoid cysts were found in seven patients (7.8%). Acute drug treatments were administered to 93 patients (82.3%), with acetaminophen being the most common drug, followed by ibuprofen. Prophylactic drug treatments were administered to 39 patients (34.5%), with goreisan (a Chinese herbal medicine containing Alisma orientale, Poria cocos, Polyporus umbellatus, Atractylodes lancea, and Cinnamomum cassia) being the most common (41%).

Conclusions

Few cases of secondary headache and none of emergency headache were diagnosed. The prevalence of arachnoid cysts was higher than in the general pediatric population, suggesting that arachnoid cysts might be associated with headache.
A holistic health determinants model for public health nursing education and practice
Authors: Schoon Patricia M. , Krumwiede Kelly
Published: February 2022

Baccalaureate nursing graduates (BSNs) in the 21st century need to be prepared to manage the population health needs of diverse populations across the lifespan and take actions to improve health equity. A need for a Holistic Health Determinants Model that included the Social Determinants of Health was identified. A model incorporating the Healthy People 2020 Health Determinants Model and the Healthy People 2030 Social Determinants of Health Model was developed. Two theoretical approaches provided a foundation for the model. Social ecological theory stresses the lived experience in an ever‐changing environment from the micro to the macro biological, behavioral, social and physical environmental levels. Public health intersectionality added the construct of constant interactions among the health determinants that resulted in different levels of health status among individuals and groups. This Holistic Health Determinants Model is a tool to use in teaching nursing students how to address the needs of individuals/families, diverse populations, and communities. It also facilitates integration of the new AACN Population Health Competencies across the curriculum. The model facilitates the preparation of BSN graduates to address the factors that shape health status and to take actions to improve health equity.
Excited State Dynamics of Methylated Guanosine Derivatives Revealed by Femtosecond Time‐resolved Spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Danhong , Wang Xueli , Jiang Yanrong , Cao Simin , Jin Peipei , Pan Haifeng , Sun Haitao , Sun Zhenrong , Chen Jinquan
Published: February 2022

Methylated DNA/RNA nucleobases are important epigenetic marks in living species and play an important role for targeted therapies. Moreover, methylation could bring significant changes to the photo‐stability of nucleic acid, leading these sites become mutational hotspots for disease such as skin cancer. While a number of studies have demonstrated the relationship between excited state dynamics and the biological function of methylated cytosine in DNA, investigations aimed at unraveling the excited state dynamics of methylated guanosine in RNA have been largely overlooked. In this work, influence of methylation on the excited state dynamics of guanosine is studied by using femtosecond time‐resolved spectroscopy. Our results suggest that the effect of methyl substitution on the photophysical properties of guanosine is position sensitive. N1‐methylguanosine shows very similar excited state dynamics as that in guanosine, while almost one order of magnitude longer lifetime of the La state is observed in N2, N2‐dimethylguanosine. Notably, N7‐methylation can lead to a new minimum on the La state and the excited state lifetime is two orders of magnitude longer than that of guanosine. These findings not only help understanding excited state dynamics of methylated guanosines, but also lay the foundation for further studying DNA/RNA strands incorporated with these bases.
Factors associated with inability to attend a follow‐up assessment, mortality, and institutionalization among community‐dwelling older people with cognitive impairment during a 5‐year period: evidence from community‐based participatory research
Authors: Okamura Tsuyoshi , Ura Chiaki , Sugiyama Mika , Inagaki Hiroki , Miyamae Fumiko , Edahiro Ayako , Taga Tsutomu , Tsuda Shuji , Nakayama Riko , Ito Kae , Awata Shuichi
Published: February 2022

Background

The aim of the present study was to explore factors associated with (i) the inability to attend a follow‐up assessment in the community‐based participatory research (CBPR) framework; (ii) mortality; and (iii) institutionalization, across a 5‐year period among older people with cognitive impairment identified via an epidemiological survey.

Methods

The participants were 198 older people whose score on the Mini‐Mental State Examination was below 24, and who were living in our CBPR region in the Tokyo metropolitan area. Baseline data included sociodemographic factors, health‐related factors, social factors, and assessments by healthcare professionals. Over the following 5 years we observed what happened to the subjects within the CBPR framework. Bivariate and stepwise multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the factors associated with the inability to attend a follow‐up assessment, 5‐year mortality, and institutionalization.

Results

Participants who did not attend a follow‐up assessment tended to live alone. Being older (>80), living with others, frailty, and the need for rights protection and daily living support were associated with increased mortality. Long‐term care insurance certification was strongly associated with institutionalization as a natural consequence of the health‐care system. Having dementia and low access to doctors were also positively associated with institutionalization.

Conclusions

Older people with cognitive impairment who are living alone are at higher risk of being overlooked by society. To move toward more inclusive communities, the following are recommended: (i) more interventions focusing on older people living alone; (ii) social interventions to detect daily life collapse or rights violations; and (iii) more support to help people with dementia continue living in the community.
Management of internal and external root resorption in primary teeth of a 3‐year‐old with myelomeningocele: A case report
Authors: Talekar Abhinav L. , Silotry Tayaba M. H. , Chaudhari Gayatri S. , Chunawala Yusuf K.
Published: February 2022

Background

Myelomeningocele (MMC) is a severe manifestation of spina bifida. Children with MMC have motor disability, hydrocephalus, skeletal abnormalities, and mental retardation. These individuals are more susceptible to caries due to poor oral hygiene, carbohydrate‐rich diet, prolonged use of sugar‐containing medications and limited motor abilities. Latex allergy is an important factor to be considered during the dental rehabilitation of such patients.

Case Report

A 3‐year‐old girl visited the dental clinic with the chief complaint of multiple carious teeth and H/o neural tube defect (NTD) which had been operated on at the age of 6 weeks. On dental examination, multiple dental abscesses and severe early childhood caries were noted. Radiographic evaluation revealed internal root resorption of tooth “K” and external root resorption of tooth “T.” The two teeth were treated with ledermix paste followed by obturation with Vitapex® (Diadent Group International Inc., Burnaby, BC, Canada) along with triple antibiotic paste and placement of stainless steel crown (SSC). A latex‐free environment was maintained during the entire treatment to prevent allergic reaction. A follow up after 42 months indicated clinical and radiographical success.

Conclusion

The paper reports succesfull management of internal and external root resorption as well as latex allergy in a dental operatory. The dental perspective while dealing with patients having NTD is limited. Explaining the particulars of the treatment plan will aid in management of such cases .
The impact of diarrhoea measurement methods for under 5s in low‐ and middle‐income countries on estimated diarrhoea rates at the population level: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of methodological and primary empirical studies
Authors: Rego Ryan , Watson Samuel , Gill Paramjit , Lilford Richard
Published: February 2022

Objective

We systematically reviewed all studies published between 2000 and June 2021 that estimated under 5 diarrhoea rates in low‐ and middle‐income countries and extracted data on diarrhoea rates, measurement methods and reactivity.

Methods

We summarised data from studies that performed direct comparisons of methods, and indirectly compared studies which utilised only one method using meta‐regression to determine the association between methods and estimated diarrhoea rates.

Results

In total, 288 studies met our inclusion criteria: 4 direct comparisons and 284 studies utilising only one measurement method. Meta‐regression across all studies showed that diarrhoea rates were sensitive to method of measurement. We estimated that passive surveillance methods were associated with a 97% lower estimated rate than active surveillance (IRR = 0.03, 95% CI [0.02, 0.06]). Among active surveillance studies, a doubling of recall period was associated with a 48% lower rate (IRR = 0.52 [0.46, 0.60]), while decreased questioning frequency was associated with a higher estimated rate: at the extreme, one time questioning yielded an over 4× higher rate than daily questioning (IRR = 4.22 [2.73, 6.52]).

Conclusions

Estimated diarrhoea rates are sensitive to their measurement methods. There is a need for a standardisation of diarrhoea measurement methods, and for the use of other outcomes in the measurement of population‐level gastrointestinal health.
Domestic violence: an invisible pandemic
Authors: Dey Teesta , Thakar Ranee
Published: February 2022

Disclosure of interests

There are no conflicts of interest

Contribution to authorship

TD and RT conceptualised the article. TD researched and wrote the article; RT wrote and edited the article. All authors approved the final version.
Dynamic Analysis of Hip Prosthesis Using Different Biocompatible Alloys
Authors: Joshi Tanuj , Sharma Ravikant , Mittal Vinod Kumar , Gupta Vikas , Krishan Gopal
Published: February 2022

In the present paper, a three-dimensional finite element model of the Charnley implant has been developed to analyze the stress–strain distribution and deformation over the stem prosthesis. Patient-specific dynamic forces have been considered for the analytical evaluation using commercial finite element code. The impact of each dynamic activity has been analyzed separately using six different biocompatible alloy materials made of titanium and cobalt-chromium. Mechanical parameters have been evaluated to envisage the longevity and functionality of the implant. The performance of different materials for each suitable gait pattern is analyzed using finite element code. Consequently, Cobalt chromium alloys (CoCrMo alloy) demonstrate better results, i.e., maximum stress, minimum deformation, and strain as compared with other materials. Every dynamic motion, viz., walking, standing up, sitting down, going upstairs, and going downstairs are found in good agreement with the safety factor for every biomaterial. Additionally, going downstairs and sitting down gait motion exhibits the maximum and minimum stress–strain level, respectively. Based on the outcome of the presurgical study, it is recommended that CoCrMo alloys should be preferred over other materials.
Generating Appropriate and Reliable Evidence for Value Assessment of Medical Devices: An ISPOR Medical Devices and Diagnostics Special Interest Group Report
Authors: Onwudiwe Nneka C. , Charter Richard , Gingles Bruce , Abrishami Payam , Alder Henry , Bahkai Ameet , Civic Diane , Kließ Melodi Kosaner , Lessard Chantale , Zema Carla L.
Published: February 2022

Health technology assessment (HTA) methods have become an important health policy tool to assess value. Yet recommendations for what constitutes appropriate and reliable evidence and methodologies for assessment of medical devices are still debated because methods to evaluate pharmaceuticals are often, and incorrectly, the starting points for device assessments. The study aims to: (i) propose recommendations on appropriate methodologies to assess the evidence on medical devices, (ii) identify assessment methods that can be used to measure device value, and (iii) suggest key areas for future work. ISPOR's Medical Devices and Diagnostics Special Interest Group conducted a comprehensive search of databases and gray literature on evidence development and value assessment on medical devices. The literature search was supplemented with hand searching from high impact journals in the related field. The ten-person expert working group obtained written comments through multiple rounds of review from internal and external stakeholders. Recommendations were made to encourage and guide future research. Multicriteria decision analysis was identified as a useful approach to assess the value of treatment. Consideration should be given to resource-use measures; valid and reliable functional status questionnaires; and general and disease-specific, health-related, quality-of-life measures in economic evaluations of device use. For future work, best practices for value framework design should take into consideration those factors that influence the value of medical devices. Integration of value-based evidence data in an evidence-generation and -synthesis process is needed to support market access and adoption decisions. Methodological recommendations for measuring value can be challenging when the selection of domains and assessment of value are not device-specific.
Study the Effect of Acoustical Fuel Enhancement on the Flame Characteristics
Authors: Magdy Mahmoud , Kamal M. M. , Hamed Ashraf M. , Hussin Ahmed Eldein , Aboelsoud W.
Published: February 2022

This work presents a 2D numerical simulation of the nonpremixed combustion of natural gas in an axisymmetric cylindrical chamber, focusing on the effect of adding acoustical excitation to inlet fuel velocity on temperature, exhaust pollutants, and combustion products velocity. Pulsation combustion generates vortices and enhances mixing, which in turn increases combustion efficiency and reduces emissions so it is used in many industrial applications like dryers and boilers. The turbulence is solved using detached eddy simulation model, which is a hybrid modeling between large eddy simulation and realizable k–e model. The chemical reactions are described by the eddy dissipation model. The radiative intensity transport equations are solved using P-1 radiation model. The numerical model achieved a great agreement with experimental data on temperature and species mass fraction. The main outcome of the work is the demonstration of a significant decrease in a volume of pulsed flame compared to a nonpulsed flame with 18% reduction in the flame length. Increasing the Strouhal number enhances the temperature homogenization along the combustion chamber and the flame does not concentrate in the chamber core and toward the chamber exhaust. Changing the fuel velocity from the stoichiometric ratio due to the fuel pulsation cools the chamber and reduces the average temperature from 2000 to 1750 K. There was a reduction in the mass fraction of carbon monoxide, nitrogen monoxide and soot by 50, 28, and 285%, respectively. Increasing fuel frequency increases maximum velocity by 66% axially and 14% radially.
Outgassing during large area field emitter operation in the diode system
Authors: Filippov Sergey V. , Kolosko Anatoly G. , Popov Eugeni O.
Published: February 2022

We report peculiar emission behavior of large-area cathode based on a multiwalled carbon nanotube/polymer nanocomposite. Mass spectra and kinetics of the partial pressure of the main volatile products released from the surface of the electrodes were obtained when a constant voltage of different levels was applied to the cathode. The main volatile products during field emission diode operation are H2, H2O, CO/C2H4, and CO2. The behavior of H2O peak intensity is characterized by increased inertia relative to sudden voltage changes.
Minimizing treatment-induced emergence of antibiotic resistance in bacterial infections
Authors: Stracy Mathew , Snitser Olga , Yelin Idan , Amer Yara , Parizade Miriam , Katz Rachel , Rimler Galit , Wolf Tamar , Herzel Esma , Koren Gideon , Kuint Jacob , Foxman Betsy , Chodick Gabriel , Shalev Varda , Kishony Roy
Published: February 2022

Treatment of bacterial infections currently focuses on choosing an antibiotic that matches a pathogen’s susceptibility, with less attention paid to the risk that even susceptibility-matched treatments can fail as a result of resistance emerging in response to treatment. Combining whole-genome sequencing of 1113 pre- and posttreatment bacterial isolates with machine-learning analysis of 140,349 urinary tract infections and 7365 wound infections, we found that treatment-induced emergence of resistance could be predicted and minimized at the individual-patient level. Emergence of resistance was common and driven not by de novo resistance evolution but by rapid reinfection with a different strain resistant to the prescribed antibiotic. As most infections are seeded from a patient’s own microbiota, these resistance-gaining recurrences can be predicted using the patient’s past infection history and minimized by machine learning–personalized antibiotic recommendations, offering a means to reduce the emergence and spread of resistant pathogens.
Dynamics and mechanism of a light-driven chloride pump
Authors: Mous Sandra , Gotthard Guillaume , Ehrenberg David , Sen Saumik , Weinert Tobias , Johnson Philip J. M. , James Daniel , Nass Karol , Furrer Antonia , Kekilli Demet , Ma Pikyee , Brünle Steffen , Casadei Cecilia Maria , Martiel Isabelle , Dworkowski Florian , Gashi Dardan , Skopintsev Petr , Wranik Maximilian , Knopp Gregor , Panepucci Ezequiel , Panneels Valerie , Cirelli Claudio , Ozerov Dmitry , Schertler Gebhard F. X. , Wang Meitian , Milne Chris , Standfuss Joerg , Schapiro Igor , Heberle Joachim , Nogly Przemyslaw
Published: February 2022

Chloride transport by microbial rhodopsins is an essential process for which molecular details such as the mechanisms that convert light energy to drive ion pumping and ensure the unidirectionality of the transport have remained elusive. We combined time-resolved serial crystallography with time-resolved spectroscopy and multiscale simulations to elucidate the molecular mechanism of a chloride-pumping rhodopsin and the structural dynamics throughout the transport cycle. We traced transient anion-binding sites, obtained evidence for how light energy is used in the pumping mechanism, and identified steric and electrostatic molecular gates ensuring unidirectional transport. An interaction with the π-electron system of the retinal supports transient chloride ion binding across a major bottleneck in the transport pathway. These results allow us to propose key mechanistic features enabling finely controlled chloride transport across the cell membrane in this light-powered chloride ion pump.
Flashing light with nanophotonics
Authors: Yu Renwen , Fan Shanhui
Published: February 2022

Manipulation and enhancement of scintillation is achieved in nanophotonic structures
We are all Gang Chen
Authors: Chen Gang
Published: February 2022

Rampant wrongful prosecutions terrorize innocent people—everywhere. The scientific community is not immune to this. I know because I was a victim. I am a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) who was accused by the US government of fraud and questionable connections to Chinese entities. Earlier this year, I was finally exonerated—it took 2 years. I am painfully aware, however, that I am the luckiest among the unlucky. Many other Chinese American scientists are being unfairly investigated for similar alleged “crimes.” Or they are simply leaving the country to avoid being targeted. My ordeal taught me that politics affects science and scientists, and that universities and funding agencies must stand up for faculty who are wrongfully prosecuted.
The “death” of the Sevier-Laramide orogen: Gravitational collapse of the crust or something else?
Authors: Konstantinou* Alexandros
Published: February 2022

The Basin and Range Province is considered to be one of the most iconic continental rift provinces that postdates a prolonged orogeny. Here, I present evidence that challenges all the assumptions that lead to the long-held notion that gravitational collapse of thickened (55–65-km-thick) continental crust was a major driver of Basin and Range extension. This study focused on integrating the regional tectonic and magmatic history of the northeastern region of the Basin and Range (centered on the Albion–Raft River–Grouse Creek metamorphic core complex) and combines insights from a compilation of data from metamorphic core complexes worldwide to illustrate the effect of accounting for the magmatic histories when estimating pre-extensional crustal thickness. In the region of the Albion–Raft River–Grouse Creek metamorphic core complex, there is evidence of three Cenozoic extensional events and three coeval magmatic events. By taking into account the regional magmatic activity during the Cenozoic (Paleogene, Neogene, and Quaternary magmatism), and the inferred mantle-derived magmatic volume added to the crust during the process of extension, it is shown that the pre-extensional crustal thickness cannot have been more than ~53 km, and it was more likely close to ~46 km. This estimate is consistent with Eocene igneous geochemistry estimates of crustal thickness and with crustal thickness estimates from shortening of ~30-km-thick mid-Jurassic crust. During the Cenozoic evolution of the northeastern Basin and Range, the crust in the area of study thinned from ~46 km to ~32 km, and the elevation of the pre-extensional plateau collapsed from ~2.5 km to its present-day average of ~1.8 km.

This study concludes that an alternative mechanism to predominantly gravitational crustal collapse is required to explain the extension in the region of the Albion–Raft River–Grouse Creek metamorphic core complex. I support recent interpretations that this mechanism involved the complex interaction of the removal of the Farallon flat slab (by slab roll-back or delamination of the slab) with the impingement of the Snake River Plain–Yellowstone mantle anomaly. The switch in the stress regime from compression (during the slab subduction) to a complex regime during slab roll-back, followed by extension (in the middle Miocene), and the associated mantle-derived magmatism, led to the thinning of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle, thermal weakening of the crust, and the thinning of the crust during the Cenozoic. This crustal extension is expressed as regional Basin and Range normal faulting and local vertical flow and exhumation of the mobilized middle crust at metamorphic core complexes like the Albion–Raft River–Grouse Creek complex.
Supplemental Material: Two-step obduction of the Porvenir serpentinites: A cryptic Devonian suture in SW Iberian Massif (Ossa-Morena Complex)
Authors: Fernández R. Díez , al. et
Published: February 2022

Dataset: Structural data, Porvenir Serpentinites.
Supplemental Material: Two-step obduction of the Porvenir serpentinites: A cryptic Devonian suture in SW Iberian Massif (Ossa-Morena Complex)
Authors: Fernández R. Díez , et al.
Published: February 2022

Dataset: Structural data, Porvenir Serpentinites.
Gender-based violence during COVID-19 among adolescent girls and young women in Nairobi, Kenya: a mixed-methods prospective study over 18 months
Authors: Decker Michele R , Bevilacqua Kristin , Wood Shannon N , Ngare Grace Wamue , Thiongo Mary , Byrne Meagan E , Williams Anaise , Devoto Bianca , Glass Nancy , Heise Lori , Gichangi Peter
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) disproportionately experience gender-based violence (GBV), which can increase during emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

A cohort of youth ages 15–24 in Nairobi, Kenya was surveyed at three time points over an 18-month period prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic: June–August 2019 (prepandemic), August–October 2020 (12-month follow-up) and May 2021 (18-month follow-up). We characterise (1) prevalence, relative timing and help-seeking for leading forms of GBV, (2) GBV trajectories over 18 months and (3) associations of individual, dyad and COVID-related factors on GBV trajectories among AGYW (n=612) in Nairobi, Kenya. Virtual focus group discussions (n=12) and interviews (n=40) contextualise quantitative results.

Results

Intimate partner violence (IPV) prevalence hovered at 17% across time points (ever at pre-pandemic; past 12 months at 12-month follow-up (2020); past 6 months at 18-month follow-up (2021)); non-partner sexual violence (SV) was 3% at 12-month and 18-month follow-up. Overall, 27.6% of AGYW experienced IPV during the pandemic. IPV during the pandemic was associated with work as the primary pre-COVID activity, low social support and partner age difference >4 years. Among AGYW partnered at all three time points, 66.2% stayed IPV-free (no IPV), 9.2% saw IPV resolve by 18-month follow-up, while 11.1% had IPV start and 13.6% experienced intermittent IPV. Help-seeking for IPV and SV in 2020 (11.1% and 4.6%, respectively) increased to 21.7% and 15.1%, respectively, by 2021. Qualitative results speak to impacts of curfews, and pandemic-related financial stress in prompting conflict and threatening traditional gender roles, and underlying conditions that enable IPV.

Conclusion

The persistence of IPV against AGYW in Nairobi prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic reflects endemic conditions and pandemic-specific stressors. Youth, including unmarried youth, remain a priority population for GBV prevention and survivor-centred response.
Clinical outcome of patients with mild pre-stroke morbidity following endovascular treatment: a HERMES substudy
Authors: McDonough Rosalie V , Ospel Johanna M , Majoie Charles B L M , Saver Jeffrey L , White Philip , Dippel Diederik W J , Brown Scott B , Demchuk Andrew M , Jovin Tudor G , Mitchell Peter J , Bracard Serge , Campbell Bruce C V , Muir Keith W , Hill Michael D , Guillemin Francis , Goyal Mayank
Published: February 2022

Background

Analyses of the effect of pre-stroke functional levels on the outcome of endovascular therapy (EVT) have focused on the course of patients with moderate to substantial pre-stroke disability. The effect of complete freedom from pre-existing disability (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0) versus predominantly mild pre-existing disability/symptoms (mRS 1–2) has not been well delineated.

Methods

The HERMES meta-analysis pooled data from seven randomized trials that tested the efficacy of EVT. We tested for a multiplicative interaction effect of pre-stroke mRS on the relationship between treatment and outcomes. Ordinal regression was used to assess the association between EVT and 90-day mRS (primary outcome) in the subgroup of patients with pre-stroke mRS 1–2. Multivariable regression modeling was then used to test the effect of mild pre-stroke disability/symptoms on the primary and secondary outcomes (delta-mRS, mRS 0–2/5–6) compared with patients with pre-stroke mRS 0.

Results

We included 1764 patients, of whom 199 (11.3%) had pre-stroke mRS 1–2. No interaction effect of pre-stroke mRS on the relationship between treatment and outcome was observed. Patients with pre-stroke mRS 1–2 had worse outcomes than those with pre-stroke mRS 0 (adjusted common OR (acOR) 0.53, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.70). Nonetheless, a significant benefit of EVT was observed within the mRS 1–2 subgroup (cOR 2.08, 95% CI 1.22 to 3.55).

Conclusions

Patients asymptomatic/without disability prior to onset have better outcomes following EVT than patients with mild disability/symptoms. Patients with pre-stroke mRS 1–2, however, more often achieve good outcomes with EVT compared with conservative management. These findings indicate that mild pre-existing disability/symptoms influence patient prognosis after EVT but do not diminish the EVT treatment effect.
Research integrity: learning from collective action in Nepal
Authors: Dahal Bibek , Rijal Shristi
Published: February 2022

Early career researchers in developing countries like Nepal have faced many barriers while learning and practicing research integrity. Having easy access to appropriate resources for learning research integrity is essential to ensure academic integrity in higher education in Nepal and promote responsible research practices. This paper presents an approach to collective learning that will help stakeholders initiate learning and foster research integrity at their own level. Methodologically, the learning interventions were conducted in four phases: preparation, planning, implementation, and learning. Throughout the process of each phase, social exchange theory and collaboration in social learning were considered as new literacy models to promote research integrity knowledge. The interpretation of experiential learning interventions led to the development of the 4Co collective learning model. This model is contextually applicable for gaining deeper knowledge and skills and new networks of research integrity. With the purposes of awareness and development, this article is divided into two sections: the first part explores the actions taken and the second explores experiential learning that provides insights about the 4Co collective learning model.
DockerPedia: A Knowledge Graph of Software Images and Their Metadata
Authors: Osorio Maximiliano , Buil-Aranda Carlos , Santana-Perez Idafen , Garijo Daniel
Published: February 2022

An increasing amount of researchers use software images to capture the requirements and code dependencies needed to carry out computational experiments. Software images preserve the computational environment required to execute a scientific experiment and have become a crucial asset for reproducibility. However, software images are usually not properly documented and described, making it challenging for scientists to find, reuse and understand them. In this paper, we propose a framework for automatically describing software images in a machine-readable manner by (i) creating a vocabulary to describe software images; (ii) developing an annotation framework designed to automatically document the underlying environment of software images and (iii) creating DockerPedia, a Knowledge Graph with over 150,000 annotated software images, automatically described using our framework. We illustrate the usefulness of our approach in finding images with specific software dependencies, comparing similar software images, addressing versioning problems when running computational experiments; and flagging problems with vulnerable software dependencies.
Alert Now or Never: Understanding and Predicting Notification Preferences of Smartphone Users
Authors: Li Tianshi , Haines Julia Katherine , De Eguino Miguel Flores Ruiz , Hong Jason I. , Nichols Jeffrey
Published: February 2022

Notifications are an indispensable feature of mobile devices, but their delivery can interrupt and distract users. Prior work has examined interventions, such as deferring notification delivery to opportune moments, but has not systematically studied how users might prefer an intelligent system to manage their notifications. Hence, we directly probed Android smartphone users’ notification preferences via a one-week experience-sampling study (
N
= 35). We found that users prefer mitigating undesired interruptions by suppressing alerts over deferring them and referred to notification content factors more frequently than contextual factors for explaining their preferences. Then we demonstrated the challenges and potentials of leveraging user actions to help predict notification preferences. Specifically, we showed that a model personalized using user actions achieved a performance gain of 39% than a generic model. This improvement is similar to the 42% performance gain using labels solicited from the user while using observable user actions causes no extra disruption.
Where to Hide a Stolen Elephant: Leaps in Creative Writing with Multimodal Machine Intelligence
Authors: Singh Nikhil , Bernal Guillermo , Savchenko Daria , Glassman Elena L.
Published: February 2022

While developing a story, novices and published writers alike have had to look outside themselves for inspiration. Language models have recently been able to generate text fluently, producing new stochastic narratives upon request. However, effectively integrating such capabilities with human cognitive faculties and creative processes remains challenging. We propose to investigate this integration with a multimodal writing support interface that offers writing suggestions textually, visually, and aurally. We conduct an extensive study that combines elicitation of prior expectations before writing, observation and semi-structured interviews during writing, and outcome evaluations after writing. Our results illustrate the individual and situational variation in machine-in-the-loop writing approaches, suggestion acceptance, and ways the system is helpful. Centrally, we report how participants performintegrative leaps, by which they do cognitive work to integrate suggestions of varying semantic relevance into their developing stories. We interpret these findings, offering modeling and design recommendations for future creative writing support technologies.
Automated Assessment in Computer Science Education: A State-of-the-Art Review
Authors: Paiva José Carlos , Leal José Paulo , Figueira Álvaro
Published: February 2022

Practical programming competencies are critical to the success in computer science (CS) education and go-to-market of fresh graduates. Acquiring the required level of skills is a long journey of discovery, trial and error, and optimization seeking through a broad range of programming activities that learners must perform themselves. It is not reasonable to consider that teachers could evaluate all attempts that the average learner should develop multiplied by the number of students enrolled in a course, much less in a timely, deep, and fair fashion. Unsurprisingly, exploring the formal structure of programs to automate the assessment of certain features has long been a hot topic among CS education practitioners. Assessing a program is considerably more complex than asserting its functional correctness, as the proliferation of tools and techniques in the literature over the past decades indicates. Program efficiency, behavior, and readability, among many other features, assessed either statically or dynamically, are now also relevant for automatic evaluation. The outcome of an evaluation evolved from the primordial Boolean values to information about errors and tips on how to advance, possibly taking into account similar solutions. This work surveys the state of the art in the automated assessment of CS assignments, focusing on the supported types of exercises, security measures adopted, testing techniques used, type of feedback produced, and the information they offer the teacher to understand and optimize learning. A new era of automated assessment, capitalizing on static analysis techniques and containerization, has been identified. Furthermore, this review presents several other findings from the conducted review, discusses the current challenges of the field, and proposes some future research directions.
Alignment among Normative, Prescriptive, and Descriptive Models of Computer Science Curriculum: The Effect of ABET Accreditation on CS Education
Authors: Blumenthal Richard
Published: February 2022

In May and June 2021, the author conducted a survey of the computing and mathematical graduation requirements of 500
Bachelor of Science in Computer Science
(
BSCS
) programs in the U.S. to determine alignment among these requirements and those recommended by ACM/IEEE-CS’s Computer Science Curricula 2013 guidelines and ABET’s Criteria for Accrediting Computing Programs 2021–2022 curricular criterion. Specifically, computing and mathematics credit-hour and course graduation requirements were determined for ABET-accredited and non-accredited BSCS programs within public and private universities. As (i) curricular guidelines are recommendations that do not have to be followed, (ii) curricular accreditation criteria are minimal constraints that may be exceeded, and (iii) non-accredited programs may choose to meet or exceed curricular accreditation criterion, it is possible that graduating computer science students are exposed to similar, or a wide variety, of coursework and associated topics. The survey results presented in this article provide broad answers to these three curricular possibilities. In turn, these results can contribute to future discussions concerning the perceived value of accreditation to students and industry stakeholders, allow educators in computer science departments to compare their curriculum to a large sample of other universities, and provide curricular committees additional insight into how various curricular guidelines are realistically being used.
Screen-Printed Electrodes on Tyvek Substrate as Low-Cost Device to Applications in Alzheimer’s Disease Detection
Authors: Palley Bianca Fortes , Artur Julio Cesar , de Arruda Milena Nakagawa , de Souza Gustavo Freitas , Graves David Alexandro , Bovolato Ana Lívia de Carvalho , Deffune Elenice , Schelp Arthur Oscar , Gonçalves Emerson Sarmento , de Moraes Marli Leite
Published: February 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by impairment of cognitive functions and memory deterioration, which requires an early diagnosis for effective treatment. The use of immunosensors to detect Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers stand out as a quick and cheap alternative for early detection of the disease. The development of Screen-Printed Electrodes (SPEs) meets a growing demand in the market for applications such as signal transducers in biosensor devices. In this work was development a method for fabrication of low cost SPE for application in the detection of Alzheimer’s disease through autoantibodies. It was produced microelectrodes on polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) manufactured by DuPont Tyvek® substrates. SPEs produced on Tyvek® substrates have shown promising results for low-cost, disposable and flexible sensors. The carbon paste showed excellent adhesion to Tyvek® substrate and the electrodes produced showed an electrochemical performance comparable to commercial electrodes, besides reproducible. The detection results showed that it is possible to detect anti-Aβ40 autoantibodies in real samples of serum and cerebrospinal fluid using the electrode modified with two bilayers of (PEI/(DDPG + Aβ40)) since the capacitance increased more in positive sample with the presence of autoantibody than in negative samples.
Legal Supervision Mechanism of Recommendation Algorithm Based on Intelligent Data Recognition
Authors: Zhong Siqi , Zhang Weier
Published: February 2022

While considering the broad development prospects of intelligent investment advisers in the future, we must also be aware of the legal supervision issues that intelligent investment advisers bring with them. Simultaneously, big data, artificial intelligence, blockchain, and other technologies have advanced at a breakneck pace during this time. Many new technologies have been used in the financial sector. In the financial field, there is a trend toward gradual integration of finance and technology. The transformation of finance from concept to actual service has been realized thanks to emerging technologies. This combination of finance and technology is known as “financial technology.” The legal supervision mechanism of a recommendation algorithm based on intelligent data recognition is investigated in this paper. On the one hand, it raises the bar for legal knowledge required by the legal supervision mechanism of recommendation algorithm, but on the other hand, it may reduce service efficiency and quality. As a result, using the understanding method of users’ consulting intention while taking into account users’ legal knowledge level, social attributes, and emotional status, it is a feasible and effective way to provide personalized and diverse legal consulting services to the general public.
Influence of Storage Time and Method of Smoking on the Content of EPA and DHA Acids and Lipid Quality of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Meat
Authors: Bienkiewicz Grzegorz , Tokarczyk Grzegorz , Biernacka Patrycja
Published: February 2022

Smoking is one of the oldest technologies for processing and preserving raw materials of animal origin. To this day, smoked fish is very popular among consumers. The most popular smoked fish is salmon. The research compared the qualitative changes in the fat fractions of hot and cold-smoked salmon during refrigerated storage. Generally accepted physicochemical methods for assessing the quality of fats, such as peroxide, anisidine, and acid number, were used. First, the smoked salmon was stored, and then, the samples were analyzed to find changes in the fatty acids EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid). It was shown that cold smoking significantly inhibited the increase in the level of lipid oxidation compared to hot smoking and raw samples stored in the same way. In the meat of stored and cold- and hot-smoked salmon, the TOTOX values remained at the level indicated by the Codex Alimentarius. Hot smoking limited the degree of lipid hydrolysis during storage as compared to cold smoking. The smoking process had a protective effect on EPA and DHA acids. In the raw samples, the loss of these acids was three times higher. Summarizing the research, it can be concluded that smoked products are a good and safe source of omega-3 fatty acids in the diet.
Overlapping Coalition Game for Resource Allocation in Many-to-Many D2D Communication
Authors: Sheng Jihua , Liu Sihan , Huang Tiancong , Wu Yucheng
Published: February 2022

Device-to-device (D2D) communication is one of the promising technologies for the next-generation cellular network, which uses direct communication between two neighboring devices to obtain a high transmission rate. This paper focuses on wireless resource allocation in a many-to-many D2D communication scenario to maximize the D2D transmission sum rate. Through the model analysis, the objective function is formulated while guaranteeing the minimum transmission rate of both the cellular users (CUs) and the D2D pairs. Based on the candidate sequence, an overlapping coalition game algorithm is proposed to enhance the D2D transmission sum rate. Furthermore, the preference sequence of CUs is adopted in the coalition initialization. According to the interference intensity, a power allocation scheme is designed further to improve the transmission sum rate of the D2D pairs. The simulation results have verified the validity of the proposed algorithm.