bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Basophils’ IL-4 stifles the function of neonatal DCs and promotes Th2 immunity in newborn mice (CCR4P.212)
Authors: Miller Mindy , Dhakal Mermagya , Barik Subhasis , Chen Weirong , Ukah Tobechukwu , Ellis Jason , Zaghouani Habib
Published: December 2022

The immune system of newborns displays a deficiency in Th1 lymphocytes but excess Th2 cells leading to poor protective immunity against microbes and prevalence of pediatric allergies. The mechanisms underlying these discrepancies are not fully understood. Herein, we show that upon immunization, neonatal basophils readily produce IL-4 which contributes to the prevalence of Th2 cells in two ways. First, IL-4 is known to directly promote naïve T lymphocytes to differentiate into Th2 cells, but surprisingly, it also binds to the type II IL-4 heteroreceptor (composed of IL-4Rα and IL-13Rα1) on dendritic cells and diminishes their function and IL-12 production. Interestingly, the differentiation program of neonatal T cells proceeds under limited IL-12 which leads to an unusual appearance of the very same type II IL-4 heteroreceptor on Th1 cells which will serve as a death marker. Indeed, during secondary antigen challenge, Th2 cells produce copious IL-4 which triggers apoptosis of the Th1 cells via signaling through the heteroreceptor. While this Th1/Th2 imbalance serves anti-inflammatory roles that allow for embryo engraftment during gestation and maintenance of pregnancy, it severely impacts the capacity of neonates to respond to microbial infections and pediatric vaccination. Potential therapeutics that silence basophils or block IL-4 signaling may be able to restore Th1 responses and allow neonates to combat infections and ultimately reduce childhood mortality.
IL-22 and IL-22 binding protein (IL-22BP) regulate fibrosis and cirrhosis in hepatitis C virus and schistosome infections (CCR4P.202)
Authors: Dessein Alain , Sertorio Mathieu , Hou Xunya , Carmo Rodrigo , Dessein Hélia , Cabantous Sandrine , Abdelwahed Mohammed , Vasconcelos Luydson , Carmo Theomira , Oliveira Pablo , He Hongbin , Mergani Adil , Bourlière Marc , Parana Raymundo
Published: December 2022

IL-22 acts on epithelia, hepatocytes and pancreatic cells and stimulates innate immunity, tissue protection and repair. IL-22 may also cause inflammation and abnormal cell proliferation. The binding of IL-22 to its receptor is competed by IL-22BP. We addressed the question of the role of IL-22 and IL-22BP in hepatic fibrosis caused by schistosomes or by HCV. We found that schistosome eggs stimulate the production of IL-22 transcripts and inhibit the accumulation of IL22-BP transcripts in schistosome-infected mice and that schistosome eggs selectively stimulate the production of IL-22 by blood leukocytes from individuals chronically infected with S.japonicum. High IL-22 levels in cultures correlated with protection against hepatic fibrosis and portal hypertension. To test further the implication of IL-22/IL-22BP in hepatic disease, we analyzed common genetic variants of IL22RA2, which encodes IL-22BP, and found that the genotypes AA, GG of rs6570136 (p=0.003; OR=2), and CC, TT of rs2064501 (p=0.01; OR=2), were associated with severe fibrosis in Chinese infected with S.japonicum. We confirmed this result in Sudanese and Brazilians infected with S.mansoni. The aggravating genotypes were associated with high IL22RA2 transcripts levels. These same variants were also associated with HCV-induced fibrosis and cirrhosis. These results provide strong evidence that IL-22 protects against and IL-22BP aggravates liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in humans with chronic liver infections.
CD14++CD16+ intermediate monocyte is induced by IL-10 and positively correlate with disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis. (CCR4P.206)
Authors: Tsukamoto Masako , Yamaoka Kunihiro , Yoshimoto Keiko , Seta Noriyuki , Suzuki Katsuya , Takeuchi Tsutomu
Published: December 2022

Introduction:Two different subsets of monocytes, classical(CD14+CD16-) and inflammatory(CD14+CD16+) monocytes have been identified. Recently, increased intermediate(CD14++CD16+) monocyte(Int-mo) and its decrease after treatment with anti-M-CSF antibody was reported in rheumatoid arthritis(RA), although the mechanism and involvement in RA remains unknown. The aim of this study is to elucidate the role of classical/inflammatory/intermediate monocytes in RA pathogenesis. Methods:Serum cytokines were measured by ELISA, CD14/CD16 expression was measured by flow cytometer and classical monocyte was sorted for in vitro culture. Results:Proportion of Int-mo, serum IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 but not M-CSF was increased in RA patients compared to healthy control subjects. Disease activity of RA positively correlated with serum IL-6, IL-10 and proportion of Int-mo but not with IL-8 and M-CSF. When sorted classical monocytes were stimulated with each cytokine, IL-10 and M-CSF but not other cytokines induced CD16 expression. Interestingly, CD16 expression was strongly induced by IL-10 at 14 hours whereas 72 hours was necessary for M-CSF. Discussion:Int-mo positively correlated with RA disease activity and was induced by IL-10 and M-CSF but not with other cytokines. Since, M-CSF is reported to induce IL-10 production and both cytokines are up-regulated in RA patients, our results suggest that IL-10 is the key cytokine that regulate Int-mo and presumably contribute to the anti-inflammatory process.
Evaluation of immunomodulatory effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 fermented milk on production of pro-atherogenic cytokines: a comparison between THP-1 and U937 human monocyte cells (CCR4P.208)
Authors: Jeffrey Michael , Jones Taggart Holly , Strap Janice , Green-Johnson Julia
Published: December 2022

Atherosclerosis has been identified as an inflammatory disease involving both innate and adaptive immune activity. Fermented dairy product consumption has been associated with decreased cardiovascular disease incidence. The purpose of this study was to elucidate whether milk fermented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 influences production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by different human monocyte models (THP-1 and U937 human monocytes). THP-1 or U937 cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to incite an inflammatory response similar to that seen in atherosclerotic plaques. Monocytes were either co- or pre-incubated with milk fermented with L. rhamnosus R0011 or with milk controls and an LPS challenge and effects on the production of IL-8, sCD54, IL-1Ra were measured. sCD54 production by U937 monocytes was significantly reduced by co-incubation with the L. rhamnosus R0011 milk ferment or with acidified milk controls, which was not seen with THP-1 monocytes. IL-8 production was significantly increased in both U937 and THP-1 monocytes pre-incubated with unfermented milk controls followed by LPS stimulation. This increase in IL-8 production was not observed when U937 cells were pre-incubated with milk fermented with L. rhamnosus R0011 or with acidified controls. These results suggest that fermentation modifies milk components to influence production of IL-8 and sCD54 and that the effects of milk ferments on monocytes vary with the cell type used.
Supplementation of first-year pharmacy immunology course with a YouTube channel to enhance student learning and comprehension (EDU1P.219)
Authors: Fazal Nadeem , Haraleli Aila , Arabian Elnaz
Published: December 2022

Teaching Immunology course at Pharmacy schools remains an uphill task. Faculty members in colleges and schools of pharmacy engage in numerous techniques to help students develop into knowledgeable practitioners that are critical thinkers, able to problem solve and communicate efficiently. Increased attention is being paid to curricular integration in pharmacy education. The objective of this study was to determine if watching pertinent educational videos, organized on a virtual environment as a channel, supplement the traditional classroom-setting lectures. YouTube videos less than 20 minutes in length were searched for accuracy, relevance, and thoroughness for specified topics discussed in Immunology course. They were than uploaded to a virtual file-sharing site called “Box”. All students enrolled in the course near the end of the semester were given a 10-question Likert-type survey with responses ranging from strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree, and strongly disagree. Likert-type ordinal scale analysis was completed to determine the amount of support for the primary, secondary, and tertiary endpoints respectively as follows: a) to determine the effectiveness of the channel in students learning Immunology, to determine if students would like the channel continued and created for other courses as well, and if YouTube channel was efficient to host the site. In conclusion, our data shows strong support that videos can successfully supplement a first-year Immunology course.
Tissue-specific impairment of stress hematopoiesis and megakaryocytopoiesis in mice deficient for Nkx2-3 homeodomain transcription factor (HEM5P.230)
Authors: Balogh Peter , Vojkovics Dóra , Kolláth Dóra , Kellermayer Zoltán
Published: December 2022

Beside its several immunological roles, the spleen functions as an accessory hemopoetic tissue. This activity is restricted to the red pulp, which is influenced by transcription factor Nkx2-3. It is not yet known how the absence of Nkx2-3 affects the inducible splenic hemopoesis. In this work we studied how Nkx2-3 affects splenic stress hemopoiesis after inducing acute anemia and forced megakaryocyte differentiation using TPO-receptor agonist N-plate treatment. In untreated Nkx2-3 deficient mice the Ter119 erythroid cell frequency was higher in the bone marrow than in BALB/c controls, but it was lower in the spleen. Following anemization the number of erythroid cells increased in the bone marrow and spleen of BALB/c mice, whereas in Nkx2-3 KO mice erythroid expansion was only observed in the bone marrow, the splenic Ter119-positive erythroid compartment further decreased. The serum erythropoietin level increased in both groups and the highest level was in the anemic Nkx2-3 knockout group. Treatment with N-plate increased megakaryocyte number in wild-type BALB/c mice in both the bone marrow and spleen whereas in Nkx2-3 KO mice the spleen was resistant. These results show that Nkx2-3 plays a crucial role in the development of splenic stromal microenvironment necessary for supporting the extramedullary hematopoiesis in a tissue-specific manner.
NK cell reconstitution is improved during allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation by infusion of NK cell-committed progenitor cells (HEM5P.233)
Authors: Alvarez Maite , Pierini Antonio , Baker Jeanette , Negrin Robert
Published: December 2022

Failure of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been associated with the immunodeficiency that follows shortly after therapy, which renders patients susceptible to opportunistic infections and cancer relapse. Thus, strategies that induce more robust immune recovery are needed which may improve outcomes. Natural killer (NK) cells have been utilized to improve HSCT given their importance in eliminating infected and transformed cells. We explored whether the infusion of recently described NK cell-committed progenitor (NKP:CD3-CD19-Ly6D-NK1.1-CD27+CD244+cKit+CD127+CD135-CD122+/-) subsets along with unfractioned bone marrow cells (uBMC) accelerated NK cell reconstitution following allogeneic HSCT (alloHSCT). Administration of donor-type NKP (H2b) along with uBMC in alloHSCT settings resulted in increased number and percentages of donor-type precursor NK cells (CD3-CD122+NKG2D+NK1.1-DX5-) compared to recipients that received uBMC alone or in combination with common lymphoid progenitors (CLP:CD135+CD122-) at day 14 post-HSCT. By day 21, NK cell numbers were significantly higher and displayed a more mature phenotype (CD3-CD122+NKG2D+NK1.1+DX5+) with co-expression of CD27 and CD11b. These data demonstrate faster NK cell development when NKP are given after alloHSCT. More importantly, infusion of NKP during alloHSCT to accelerate NK cell reconstitution could result in stronger anti-tumor responses while reducing graft vs. host disease making alloHSCT more effective.
Chronic alcohol consumption induces peripheral skewed dentritic cell sets without affecting dendritic cell progenitors. (HEM5P.238)
Authors: Fey Holger , Aloman Costica
Published: December 2022

Alcoholism impairs innate and adaptive immune responses and increases susceptibility to infectious diseases, caused among others by alcohol induced defects in dendritic cell (DC) function and frequency. This study aims at understanding how DC turnover is affected by chronic alcohol exposure, characterizing its influence on DC development at the progenitor stages and the underlying mechanisms. Alcohol (EtOH) is delivered in the drinking water to C57BL/6 mice at 20% v/v (Meadows-Cook diet). Lymphoid tissue (LT) DCs from thymus and spleen, non-lymphoid tissue (NLT) DCs from liver and lung and bone marrow (BM) progenitors are analyzed by flow cytometry. After 12 weeks of EtOH exposure BM populations at the Macrophage-DC Progenitor (MDP) stage decrease by 60% (P<0,05) but there is no difference in the numbers of Common DC Progenitors (CDP). In the liver we observe a 70% increase (P<0,05) of plasmacytoid DCs (pDC) while CD103+ classic DCs (cDC) decrease by 50% (P<0,01). Concordantly hepatic T cell numbers decrease: CD8+ CTL by 40% (P<0,01), CD4+ TH by 30% (P<0,005) and CD4+ TREG by 45% (P<0,05). In summary, alcohol in a chronic model does not change CDP numbers, the main progenitor of pDC and cDC, suggesting little effect on DC development. There is however a major imbalance between pDC and cDC, reflected by the impact on steady-state T cell subsets. Going forward we will elucidate the underlying mechanisms responsible for this peripheral effect of alcohol on DC populations.
Measurement and Preservation of Antibodies in Human Sera
Authors: Heidelberger Michael , Dilapi Marie M.
Published: December 2022

Volunteers were injected with the specific polysaccharides of pneumococcus I, II, V, and VII. Pre- and post-immunization sera were analyzed for anti-C and antibodies to the type-specific polysaccharides (a) when fresh; (b) after storage in liquid form; (c) after storage for one year frozen at low temperatures; and (d) after lyophilization and storage for 1.5 years. Of the various methods of storage, lyophilization seemed the least compatible with accurate microanalytical work. Irregularities due to the presence of active complement were again observed, as was also loss of antibody when complement was removed by heat instead of by egg albumin anti-egg albumin.
The Antihyaluronidase Content of Human Blood Serum
Authors: Quinn Robert W.
Published: December 2022

Summary and Conclusions

The antihyaluronidase content of sera from 335 normal subjects and individuals with non-infectious and non-streptococcal infectious diseases has been determined by means of the mucin-clot prevention test, using hyaluronidase produced by a strain of group A, type 4 hemolytic streptococcus as a source of enzyme. The antihyaluronidase titre at birth corresponded with that of the mother. The mean titre soon began to decrease and in the age group, 6 months, reached a level too low to be measured by the M.C.P. test. In the 5 year age group the mean antihyaluronidase titre began to increase and in the 20 year age group attained a level which was maintained throughout adult life until the age 60 when a slight, yet significant, decrease in titre was noted. The mean antihyaluronidase titre did not decrease further. Comparison of the antihyaluronidase titres of sera from so-called normal individuals and subjects with non-streptococcal infectious diseases revealed similar titres at comparable ages.

Addenum: Since this study was completed, Pike (26) has described a test by means of which 55% of the 110 strains of non-capsulated group A streptococci were shown to be hyaluronidase producers. The use of this test may make it possible to demonstrate hyaluronidase in strains which were formerly thought to be non-hyaluronidase producers. It may be that a rise in antihyaluronidase titer against streptococcal hyaluronidase is always preceded by an infection with a hyaluronidase-producing strain of group A hemolytic streptococcus. If this proves to be the case, it will be further evidence in favor of the specificity of streptococcal hyaluronidase.
The VI Antigens of the Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Whiteside Roberta E. , Baker Edgar E.
Published: December 2022

Purified Vi antigens isolated from P. ballerup, E. coli and S. typhosa, strains Ty2 and 61 were studied by means of the agar diffusion precipitin technique and found to be serologically identical. When high relative concentrations of Vi antigen were allowed to react with either homologous or heterologous antibody the zone of precipitate often splits into two lines. It was suggested that this phenomenon might be due to the presence of partially degraded antigen in the preparation tested. In contrast to acetone-killed bacilli, Vi antigens isolated from them were very poor immunizing agents. Mouse protection tests were used to indicate effectiveness of Vi antigens as immunizing agents. Tests on two strains of mice were compared. The Vi antigens studied were nontoxic for rabbits and ineffective in preparing the rabbits for the local Shwartzman reaction.
Influence of the Ionic Strength of the Medium on the Velocity of Passive Anaphylactic Sensitization in Vitro
Authors: Binaghi R. , Liacopoulos P. , Halpern B. N. , Liacopoulos-Briot M. , Bloch C.
Published: December 2022

The influence of the electrolyte composition of the incubation medium on the velocity of passive anaphylactic sensitization of isolated guinea pig ileum in vitro has been studied.

It has been found that the rate of sensitization, as calculated from the time of incubation necessary to obtain the same anaphylactic response, is much greater in media with low electrolytic concentration than in standard Tyrode's solution.

This effect is a function of the ionic strength of the medium and is not related to the chemical nature of the ions.

In low electrolytic media, the rate of sensitization is influenced by the pH, the velocity being maximal at pH about 7.

The hypothetical implications of these findings in the mechanism of anaphylactic sensitization are discussed.
Serologic Studies on the Egg Yolk Factor Isolated from Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci
Authors: Blobel H. , Shah D. B. , Wilson J. B.
Published: December 2022

Separation of egg yolk factor from staphylocoagulase was achieved by high voltage electrophoresis in a vertical cellulose column. Both electrophoretically purified preparations were antigenic in rabbits. Results obtained in cross-inhibition experiments and double diffusion precipitin analyses suggested the serologic specificity of egg yolk factor.
Studies on the Second Component of Complement
Authors: Borsos Tibor , Rapp Herbert J. , Mayer Manfred M.
Published: December 2022

The conversion of EAC'1,4 to EAC'1,4,2 by purified C'2 has been investigated with respect to its kinetics and the principal factors influencing this reaction. A mathematical theory has been developed and its applicability evaluated. From kinetic evidence and on the basis of titration data, the transformation of EAC'1,4 to EAC'1,4,2 has been shown to involve a single reaction step, which means that interaction of one SA2C'1,4 site with C'2 converts a cell to the state EAC'1,4,2. It follows that hemolysis by antibody and complement is a one-hit or noncumulative process. On the basis of these results a method has been developed for measurement of C'2 in molecular terms. The limiting-component principle of Hegedus and Greiner has been shown to be invalid. The over-all “titer” of complement depends primarily on the supply of C'2, but the availability of C'1, C'4 and the C'3 factors also plays a role because their concentrations influence the efficiency with which C'2 is utilized.
The Immunochemistry and Genetics of Blood Group O
Authors: Baer Harold , Kloepfer H. Warner , Rasmussen Ursula
Published: December 2022

A precipitating antiserum, obtained by the immunization of chickens with purified blood group substance derived from the pseudomucinous ovarian cyst fluid of a woman of group O, was employed to examine the nature of the antigen present in the saliva of individuals of the various ABO groups.

Although data in the present study are sufficient only to suggest a genetic hypothesis, it would seem that a three-allele scheme for genes representing O-antigens explains (with one exception) the segregation observed within families. In addition, the three-allele hypothesis is compatible with the observation that the amount of precipitate in an offspring did not exceed that of one of the parents.
Immunologic Unresponsiveness Appearing after Topical Application of Contact Sensitizers to the Guinea Pig
Authors: Lowney Edmund D.
Published: December 2022

Following the topical application of a sensitizer, a state of haptene-specific unresponsiveness to the compound regularly appears. This was demonstrated with three sensitizers: p-nitrosodimethylaniline (NDMA), dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) and chlorprothixene (CPT). Unresponsiveness may appear following application of minute quantities of a sensitizer (e.g., 25 γ NDMA) to the skin without further exposure to the compound prior to challenge. In the case of NDMA, unresponsiveness develops to maximum expression within 40 days of the initial topical exposure; unresponsiveness to a weaker sensitizer such as CPT appears more rapidly. A quantity of NDMA which is sufficient to induce unresponsiveness when put on the skin usually elicits a mild degree of sensitivity also. In the case of CPT, however, unresponsiveness is readily produced by topical applications which produce no detectable degree of sensitivity.
The Transfer of Antibodies from Ewes to Their Lambs
Authors: Halliday R.
Published: December 2022

Newborn lambs, unlike rats and mice, absorbed homologous agglutinins to Salmonella pullorum or Brucella abortus equally readily from colostrum. Agglutinins produced shortly after a first injection of B. abortus vaccine into ewes passed in relatively greater quantities into the colostrum than agglutinins of later immunization but lambs did not preferentially absorb agglutinins of either period. Treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol and anti-globulin tests reduced or increased the antibody titers of ewe and lamb sera by similar amounts. The results support the view that antibody absorption by the lamb is nonselective.
Persistent Altered Phenotypic Expression of Allelic γG-Immunoglobulin Allotypes in Heterozygous Rabbits Exposed to Isoantibodies in Fetal and Neonatal Life
Authors: Mage Rose , Dray Sheldon
Published: December 2022

Sera of b4b5 heterozygous offspring exposed to anti-b5 or anti-b4 in fetal or neonatal life were analyzed for b4, b5 and total γG-immunoglobulin concentrations by a micro-quantitative precipitin method and by the quantitative gel diffusion method of Oudin. Sera of unexposed rabbits were similarly analyzed. Rabbits of genotype b4b5 which received maternal anti-b5 during fetal life from b4b4 mothers immunized with b5, had a substantially lower per cent of total γG-immunoglobulin with the b5 allotype throughout life (up to 3 years) compared with control animals from nonimmunized mothers. In the affected animals, the total γG levels appeared normal and a compensatory increased production of the alternative allelic allotype accounted for most of the γG-immunoglobulin in their sera. The same phenomenon occurred when b4b5 offspring of nonimmunized b4b4 mothers were injected soon after birth with anti-b5 antiserum; 1 ml of serum containing 0.9 mg of precipitable antibody protein was sufficient to induce the phenomenon. In the reverse situation, when the b4b5 offspring of a b5b5 mother was injected after birth with anti-b4, a persistent reduction in the b4 level of the treated animal resulted compared with the control littermates. A compensatory increased production of b5 γG was observed.
Studies on Synthetic Polypeptide Antigens
Authors: Gill Thomas J.
Published: December 2022

Eight strains of rabbits of varying degrees of inbreeding obtained from the Jackson Laboratories and a group of genetically heterogeneous New Zealand white rabbits were immunized in exactly the same way with poly Glu56Lys38Tyr6 to test the effect of genetic variation on the antibody response to a typical synthetic polypeptide. There are significant differences (P < 0.01) among the amounts of antibody produced in the different strains and this is taken as evidence for a genetic effect on the ability of the various strains to respond to the antigen. Some of the strains which show a high level of antibody formation are not very highly inbred, so that further selective inbreeding may enhance their ability to produce antibodies against synthetic polypeptides of the type used in this study.
Trends in Research on Artificial Intelligence in Anesthesia: A VOSviewer -Based Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Cascella Marco , Perri Francesco , Ottaiano Alessandro , Cuomo Arturo , Wirz Stefan , Coluccia Sergio
Published: December 2022

Background: The scientific literature on Artificial Intelligence (AI) in anesthesia is rapidly growing. Considering that applications of AI strategies can offer paramount support in clinical decision processes, it is crucial to delineate the research features. Bibliometric analyses can provide an overview of research tendencies useful for supplementary investigations in a research field. Methods: The comprehensive literature about AI in anesthesia was checked in the Web of Science (WOS) core collection. Year of publication, journal metrics including impact factor and quartile, title, document type, topic, and article metric (citations) were extracted. The software tool VOSviewer (version 1.6.17) was implemented for the co-occurrence of keywords and the co-citation analyses, and for evaluating research networks (countries and institutions). Results: Altogether, 288 documents were retrieved from the WOS and 154 articles were included in the analysis. The number of articles increased from 4 articles in 2017 to 37 in 2021. Only 34 were observational investigations and 7 RCTs. The most relevant topic is “anesthesia management”. The research network for countries and institutions shows severe gaps. Conclusion: Research on AI in anesthesia is rapidly developing. Further clinical studies are needed. Although different topics are addressed, scientific collaborations must be implemented.
Motives of melonic graphs
Authors: Aluffi Paolo , Marcolli Matilde , Qaisar Waleed
Published: December 2022

We investigate recursive relations for the Grothendieck classes of the affine graph hypersurface complements of melonic graphs. We compute these classes explicitly for several families of melonic graphs, focusing on the case of graphs with valence-

4

internal vertices, relevant to CTKT tensor models. The results hint at a complex and interesting structure in terms of divisibility relations or nontrivial relations between classes of graphs in different families. Using the recursive relations, we prove that the Grothendieck classes of all melonic graphs are positive as polynomials in the class of the moduli space

\mathcal M_{0,4}

. We also conjecture that the corresponding polynomials are
log-concave
, on the basis of hundreds of explicit computations.
Age at first childbirth and the risk of hypertriglyceridemia among Korean women
Authors: Choi Hye Rin , Kim Hyeon Chang
Published: December 2022

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate the association of age at first childbirth with the risk of hypertriglyceridemia among Korean women.METHODS: This study used data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study–Cardiovascular Disease Association Study. In total, 16,747 women were included in the cross-sectional analysis, and 6,250 women were included in the longitudinal analysis. The participants were divided based on their age at first childbirth (<20, 20-24, 25-29, and ≥30 years). Hypertriglyceridemia was defined as triglyceride levels of ≥150 mg/dL.RESULTS: The multivariable-adjusted odds ratio for prevalent hypertriglyceridemia was 1.19 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.40) in women whose first childbirth was before 20 years of age, compared to those whose first childbirth was at 25-29 years of age, after adjustment for age, study site, body mass index, blood pressure, diabetes, alcohol consumption, carbohydrate intake, income, marital status, education, parity, usage of oral contraceptives, and hormone replacement status. During a median follow-up of 5.2 years, 1,770 women developed hypertriglyceridemia. Compared with women who gave birth to their first child between 25 years and 29 years of age, those giving birth to their first child before 20 years of age had a higher risk for incident hypertriglyceridemia in later life (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.25; 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.57).CONCLUSIONS: Giving birth to one’s first child before the age of 20 years was associated with an increased risk of hypertriglyceridemia among Korean women.
Law Students Providing Legal Support in an International Hate Speech Project
Authors: Žatková Sandra
Published: December 2022

During the past years, the Faculty of Law of the Comenius University in Bratislava has been running “legal clinics” which are courses that provide students with an opportunity to develop their legal skills and prepare them for their future careers as lawyers. One of them is focused specifically on the non-profit sector, thus merging practical education with non-profit agenda where the resources are scarce.
Exercises With Optimal Scapulothoracic Muscle Activation for Individuals With Paraplegia
Authors: Riek Linda M. , Aronson Amy , Giust Kacie , Putnam Samantha , Froese Hannah , Rutherford Sean , White Mary Kathryn
Published: December 2022

Background

Individuals with paraplegia and coexisting trunk and postural control deficits rely on their upper extremities for function, which increases the risk of shoulder pain. A multifactorial etiology of shoulder pain includes “impingement” of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, long head of the biceps tendons, and/or subacromial bursa resulting from anatomic abnormalities, intratendinous degeneration, and altered scapulothoracic kinematics and muscle activation. Targeting serratus anterior (SA) and lower trapezius (LT) activation during exercise, as part of a comprehensive plan, minimizes impingement risk by maintaining optimal shoulder alignment and kinematics during functional activities. To prevent excessive scapular upward translation, minimizing upper trapezius (UT) to SA and LT activation is also important.

Objectives

To determine which exercises (1) maximally activate SA and minimize UT:SA ratio and (2) maximally activate LT and minimize UT:LT ratio.

Methods

Kinematic and muscle activation data were captured from 10 individuals with paraplegia during four exercises: “T,” scaption (sitting), dynamic hug, and SA punch (supine). Means and ratios were normalized by percent maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) for each muscle. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance determined significant differences in muscle activation between exercises.

Results

Exercises were rank ordered: (1) maximum SA activation: SA punch, scaption, dynamic hug, “T”; (2) maximum LT activation: “T,” scaption, dynamic hug, SA punch; 3) minimum UT:SA ratio: SA punch, dynamic hug, scaption, “T”; and (4) minimum UT:LT ratio: SA punch, dynamic hug, “T,” scaption. Exercise elicited statistically significant changes in percent MVIC and ratios. Post hoc analyses revealed multiple significant differences between exercises (p < .05).

Conclusion

SA punch produced the greatest SA activation and lowest ratios. Dynamic hug also produced optimal ratios, suggesting supine exercises minimize UT activation more effectively. To isolate SA activation, individuals with impaired trunk control may want to initiate strengthening exercises in supine. Participants maximally activated the LT, but they were not able to minimize UT while upright.
Preliminary research results on the use of volcanic ash and felsic volcanic rock in Vietnam as materials to support crop growth
Authors: Dang Vinh Thi , Nguyen Giang Khac ,   Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, Hanoi, Vietnam
  Vietnam Association for Geochemistry, Hanoi, Vietnam
Published: December 2022

As we know, vascular plants (Tracheophyta) in general and crop plants require a defined amount of trace elements to ensure normal growth and development. In many developed countries, some natural materials have been used as an addition for growing ornamental plants, vegetables, and hydroculture plants. In Vietnam, natural minerals to support plant growth is still very limited. Meanwhile, the source of raw materials in the territory of Vietnam is quite popular, so the research and experiments using Vietnamese volcanic ash and felsic volcanic rocks as improving materials for plant growing is important and very necessary work. Analytical methods such as Ronghen Fluorescence (XRF), Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and calcination at 6500C, 7500C, and 9000C have been used to determine the composition of felsic tuff samples belonging to the Don Duong Formation (PY19) and mafic ash samples of the Dai Nga Formation (KR2/2). In addition, control sample matching method was also used in the research process to evaluate the growth plants. The experiment materials (raw samples and calcined samples at 9000C) were mixed with the soil for planting (in different proportions); two types of plants, named Caviar Cockatio (Chicken Crest Vegetables) and Amaranth Asiatica (Purple Amaranth), were selected for experimenting. In general, both Caviar Cockatio and Amaranth Asiatica developed quicker when grew on a ground of soil mixed with the experiment material. The plant’s growth rate depends on the type of material (unbaked, calcined), support material content, plant type and stage of growth. Primary research results show that volcanic materials in Vietnam can support the growth of plants.
A Study on Domestic and Foreign Current Status and Implications of the Data Economy: Comparison of Trends in the US, EU, Japan, and Korea
Authors:   The Korean-Japanese Economics & Management Association, Kim Jung-Yoon
Published: December 2022

Purpose: This study aims to examine the main contents and meaning of the revision of the Data 3 Act, which took effect in August 2020, and to examine the current status of domestic and major countries for future data economy prospects centered on data transactions. In addition, I would like to present implications for Korea’s policies and market conditions to respond to a data economy-oriented society.
Research design, data, and methodology: Due to the emergence of an intelligent information society and the development of the 4th industrial revolution, it is transforming into a digital data economy, and the importance of data use is increasing and interest in how to regulate data use is also increasing. In the meantime, it can be seen that the big data economy is being activated by allowing both individuals and companies to actively utilize big data, which is an essential element in the high-tech industry, with the recent revision of the Data 3 Act. Of course, the complexity and uncertainty of the Data Use Act in relation to the main contents of the Enforcement Decree of the Data 3 Act hinder the development of the data economy, and there are still issues to be discussed, such as conflicts between the Personal Information Protection Act and the Credit Information Protection Act. However, since encouraging results are expected in terms of revitalizing data use, this paper will first examine the data economic environment and domestic and international trends, and suggest ways to protect data rights, establish governance, and efficient management.
Results: This study reviewed the concept definition of the data economy and the background of the emergence of the data economy market by examining trends in Korea and major countries, focusing on the Data 3 Act, and also presented directions and efficient management measures for data governance.
Implications: At the transition to the data economy, legislation can be divided into two pillars: data utilization based on the various uses of big data and data protection based on personal information protection, and it can revitalize the data economy by sufficient technological supplementation. Data governance should be organized and operated, and data economy frameworks should be harmonized to establish, enforce, and interpret various laws related to data and have a consistent direction and orientation that can be fully recognized by various economic actors.
Analysis of Changes and Characteristics of the Global Supply Chain Between Korea, China and Japan
Authors:   The Korean-Japanese Economics & Management Association, Yoshimoto Koji , Lee Hong-Bae
Published: December 2022

Purpose: This paper analyzes how the manufacturing supply chain has changed over the past 20 years according to the trilateral division of labor between Korea, China and Japan. Also, by measuring changes in the trade structure and competitiveness between Korea, China and Japan during the same period, the effect on the changes in the supply chain between the three countries is examined.
Research design, data, and methodology: This study analyzes the trade structure, export competitiveness, and supply and distribution structure of 10 manufacturing industries in Korea, China and Japan. The analysis period was set from 2000 to 2020. The statistics use the UN Comtrade and the Asian International Input-Output Table. In the analysis of the trade structure between Korea, China and Japan. The Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) index was introduced to analyze the trade structure between Korea, China and Japan. And for the supply chain structure between the three countries, the Leontief inverse multiplier decomposition of the International Input-Output Analysis was used.
Results: As a result of the analysis, it was observed that the supply chain of the manufacturing industry between Korea, China and Japan has changed to an interdependent structure since 2010, and the reason for this is that the production technology gap between the three countries has been greatly reduced. Accordingly, the supply chain of the manufacturing industry between the three countries has shifted from the past one-way dependence structure to a two-way dependence structure. In terms of industry, the deepening dependence among the three countries centered on electrical/electromechanical machinery, metal products, general machinery, chemical products, transportation machinery, precision machinery and textile products, which are key export industries for both Korea, China and Japan, means that the supply and distribution structure is being strengthened.
Implications: Considering the relationship between the supply chain between Korea, China and Japan from 2000 to 2020, institutional integration, such as the trilateral FTA, is delayed, but functional integration is deepening due to interdependence and complementarity and increased production and trade. However, if trade frictions or disputes between Korea, China and Japan occur between specific countries, it is interpreted that this can lead to negative effects, so-called big losses, not only for the country concerned but also for the other country.
Atmosferik Basınçlı Plazma ve Alevle Dağlama Yüzey Aktivasyon İşlemlerinin Karşılaştırılması, Astarsız Boyanabilirliğinin İncelenmesi
Authors: AYAS Kadir , KARACA Adem , ÇETİNKAYA İsmail Hakan , ÇAVDAR Kadir
Published: December 2022

Polipropilen, sahip olduğu üstün mekanik özelliklerden dolayı otomotiv sektöründe sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Otomobillerde kullanılması için boyama, kaplama vb. işlemler yapılan polipropilenin yüzey enerjisinin düşüklüğü nedeniyle aktivasyon işlemleri görmektedir ve yüzeye boya öncesi astarlama uygulaması yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada atmosferik basınçlı plazma (ABP) ve alevle dağlama yüzey aktivasyonu işlemleri gören polipropilenin ıslatılabilirliği, yüzey enerjisi ve boya mukavemetindeki değişimler incelenmiş, elde edilen sonuçlar karşılaştırılmıştır. Yapışma ve ıslatılabilirlik arasındaki ilişki araştırılmıştır. ABP ile polipropilen yüzeyi arasındaki etkileşimi anlayabilmek için iki farklı işlem hızı (30 mm/s ve 100mm/s) ile deneyler yapılmıştır. Deneysel sonuçlar, ABP işleminin polipropilenin ıslanabilirliğini ve yapışma özelliklerini önemli ölçüde artırabileceğini ve ABP işlemin diğer aktivasyon yöntemlerine kıyasla çevreci bir alternatif olabileceğini göstermektedir.
Biomass production and carbon stocks of poplar-based agroforestry with canola and wheat crops: a case study
Authors: Eslamdoust Jamshid , Sadati Seyed Ehsan , Sohrabi Hormoz
Published: December 2022

Poplar (Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.) produce a large amount of biomass per unit area and is important fast-growing species in different planting systems. However, the appropriate space between poplar trees is essential to high-performance productivity in diverse regions. The present study monitored the effect of different spacing configurations (A: 4 × 3 m; B: 4 × 3 m (pure poplar); C: 6 × 3 m; D: 8 × 3 m; E: 10 × 3 m and F: pure crop) of poplar-based agroforestry with two canola (Brassica napus L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system on biomass production and carbon storage. Over the eight years, the total poplar biomass production was significantly different (P ≤ 0.05) in poplar-based configurations and ranged from 9.1 to 13.4 mg ha–1. The highest carbon storage of 6.5 mg ha–1 was observed in configuration E. Crop production of canola and wheat in configurations B, C, D, and E, did not show a significant difference with pure crop cultivation, while configuration A was significantly lower. Our result indicated that configuration E, with the highest total biomass production but no significant difference in crop production, is the optimum system of poplar-based agroforestry in regions with similar temperate climate conditions of Northern Iran. Finally, poplar-based agroforestry provides high efficiency of carbon sequestration in trees which can conserve all market and non-market benefits.
Keywords: aboveground biomass, carbon concentration, crop yield, productivity, Populus deltoides, Northern Iran
Analysis of models of inclusive education in European countries (experience for Ukraine)
Authors: Hordiichuk Oksana , Nikolenko Liudmyla , Shavel Khrystyna , Zakharina Maryna , Khomyk Tetiana
Published: December 2022

The purpose of scientific exploration is to harmonize the principles of inclusive education in the social and pedagogical dimensions. The task of the article can be conditionally divided into two stages: differentiation of social and pedagogical segments of inclusive education (to make optimal strategic decisions on the organization of inclusive education); search for a synergistic model (combination of social, pedagogical, and other elements) in the formation of a favorable educational environment for inclusive principles. The methodological basis of the study was scientific and pedagogical methods. The results of the study point to those elements of inclusive education in European states, which can be actualized in the Ukrainian system of education. Consequently, inclusive education in Europe has formed clear universal principles and mechanisms that can be implemented in public education strategies, developing countries.
Keçilerin Evcilleşme Süreci ve Tenneesse Keçileri
Authors: KARAGÜLLEOĞLU Zeynep Yağmur
Published: December 2022

Tarım ve hayvan yetiştiriciliğinde Neolitik Dönem’de meydana gelen evcilleştirme süreci, insanların yaşan konforunda artışa neden olmuştur. Buğday, pirinç gibi bitkiler başta olmak üzere köpek ve keçi, evcilleştirilen anahtar türler olarak yer almaktadır. Keçiler çiftlik hayvanı olarak evcilleştirilen ilk türlerdi. Tarımda kolaylık sağlamak, besin olarak tüketmek için keçiler seçkin hayvanlar olmakla birlikte dinsel ve mitolojik açıdan da insanlar için önemli bir konumda yer almaktaydı. Evcilleştirme sürecinde insanlar hayvanlar ve bitkiler üzerinde istedikleri özellikleri seçmişlerdir. Başlangıçta bilinçli olarak gerçekleştirilmeyen bu eylem Darwin’in Türlerin Kökeni adlı eserinde ilk kez ‘yapay seçilim’ olarak adlandırılmıştır. Yapay seçilim avantaj sağlarken aynı zamanda bazen tür için bazen de ekolojik olarak dezavantajlar doğurmaktadır. Kas gücü yüksek, parazite karşı dirençli uysal Tenneesse keçileri de yapay seçilim sonucu ‘konjenital miyotoni’ adı verilen bayılma hali oluşmuştur. Bu durum bir mutasyon olarak nitelendirilmektedir.
Habeş-rû Bir Dilber-i Yemen: Kahve ve XIX. Yüzyılda Yazılmış “Kahve” Redifli Beş Gazel
Authors: BABAARSLAN Giyasi
Published: December 2022

Kahve; tarihî, kültürel, sosyokültürel, ekonomik ve gastronomik değeriyle ortaya çıktığından bu yana hemen her toplum ve kültürde kendine bir şekilde yer edinmiştir. Başta menşei ve mucidi olmak üzere hakkındaki birçok muammalı meselenin hâlâ tam anlamıyla gün yüzüne çıkarılamadığı, kaynaklarda zikredilen bilgilerin menkıbe ve tevatürlere dayandırıldığı görülmektedir. Bütün bilinmezlerinin aksine ulaştığı her coğrafyada kendi kültürünü ve müesseselerini vücuda getirip hemen her sınıftan insanın tanıdığı yakın bir dost hâline gelmiştir. On altıncı yüzyılda kahveyle tanıştığı bilinen Osmanlı ferdinin ev, iş yeri ve ibadethane arasında sürdürdüğü sınırlı sosyal hayatı kahve ve kahvehaneler vasıtasıyla önemli bir değişim yaşamıştır. Kahve, varlığını ve meşruiyetini tam anlamıyla kabul ettirmeye başladığı 17. yüzyıldan itibaren her kesimden insanın hemen her fırsatta zevkle tükettiği bir içecek hüviyetini kazanmıştır. Kahvenin toplum hayatının derinlerine hızlı bir şekilde nüfuz eden bu müessir gücü, şairler üzerinde de etkisini aynı oranda göstermiştir. Birçok şairin, 16. yüzyıldan itibaren kahveye dair görüşlerini ortaya koyan şiirler kaleme aldıkları görülmektedir.

Bu çalışmada, kahve hakkında kısa bir girişten sonra 19. yüzyıl şairlerinin divanlarında kahveden bahsettikleri beyit veya bentlerinden bazı örnekler verilecektir. Daha sonra Diyarbakırlı Kâmî, Kerküklü Şükrî, Kıbrıslı Hilmî, İstanbullu Eşref tarafından kaleme alınan “kahve” redifli gazeller ile Benderli Cesârî’nin nazmettiği “kahve duhân” redifli gazel incelenecektir. Söz konusu gazellerden hareketle kahvenin toplum yaşamındaki yeri ve önemine değinilecektir.
Kırım Harbi ile Herat Meselesinde Osmanlı-İran İlişkileri (1853-1857)
Authors: TAN Hasan
Published: December 2022

19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısı, dönemin büyük güçleri olan İngiltere, Fransa ve Rusya’nın rekabetlerine sahne olmuştur. Bu mücadelede İngiltere ve Fransa dünyanın belirli bölgelerinde, Rusya ise periferisinde yer alan bölgeleri ele geçirme ve nüfuz alanlarını oluşturma ve bu alanları koruma noktasında hareket etmişlerdir. Bu büyük güçlerin rekabet ettiği alanların başında ise Osmanlı Devleti ve İran’ın egemen olduğu coğrafya yer almaktadır. Bu dönemde meydana gelen Kırım Savaşı (1853-1856), Osmanlı Devleti ile Rusya arasında vuku bulmuş, Herat Meselesi ise (1856-1857) İran ile İngiltere arasında meydana gelmiş bir olaydır. Ancak bu her iki olayda da meselenin dışında yer alan diğer ülkeler taraf olarak olayların içerisinde yer almışlardır. Kırım Savaşı’nın ortaya çıkış nedenleri ile savaşın sonuçlarına bakıldığında, pek çok özelliği içinde barındırdığı görülmektedir. Bu savaşta İngiltere diğer Avrupa ülkelerini de yanına alarak Rusya’ya karşı Osmanlı Devleti’nin yanında yer almış, Rusya’da buna karşılık İran ile yakınlaşarak desteğini almaya çalışmıştır.İran’ın Herat’ı işgal etmesi olayında ise İngiltere, meseleyi kendi sömürge toprağı olan Hindistan’a yönelik bir tehdit olarak algılamış ve İran’ın Herat’tan çıkması için çeşitli yollara başvurmuştur. İran ise, Herat’ın asırlardır kendi toprağı olduğunu öne sürerek İngiltere’ye karşı Osmanlı Devleti ile Fransa’nın desteğini almaya çalışmıştır. Bu meselenin Osmanlı Devleti’ni ilgilendiren kısmı ise Basra Körfezi üzerinde İngiltere’nin İran’ı ablukaya almaya çalışması olmuştur. Osmanlı Devleti ise Kırım Savaşı’nda İngiltere’nin kendisine sunduğu destek ve İran’ın Rusya ile birlikte hareket etmesini engellemek adına tarafsız kalmayı uygun görmüştür. Kırım Savaşı ile Herat meselesinde istediğini elde eden ve gücünü tüm taraflara kabul ettiren devlet ise İngiltere olmuştur.Anahtar Kelimeler: Osmanlı Devleti, İran, İngiltere, Rusya, Kırım, Herat.