bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novels and Buildings
Authors: Billiani Francesca , Pennacchietti Laura
Published: September 2019

This chapter applies the principles identified in the previous chapters to the analysis of a set of novels and buildings which exemplify the structural and conceptual intersections and points of contact between literature and architecture, considered here as convergent aesthetico-political projects aimed at the construction of a modern culture supporting the Fascist dictatorship. Our analysis takes into account the discourses surrounding the production and reception of these artworks, shedding light on their reception and their position within the Fascist cultural system. In the first section we analyse four novels: Gli indifferenti, Luce fredda, 522: racconto di una giornata and La strada e il volante. In the second section we carry out an analysis of three buildings: the Santa Maria Novella railway station in Florence, the expansion of the Olivetti factory in Ivrea, and the Danteum.
Paleocene metamorphism along the Pennine–Austroalpine suture constrained by U–Pb dating of titanite and rutile (Malenco, Alps)
Authors: Picazo Suzanne M. , Ewing Tanya A. , Müntener Othmar
Published: September 2019

We present in situ rutile and titanite U–Pb geochronology for three samples from the Ur breccia, which forms the boundary between the Malenco unit and the Margna nappe (Eastern Central Alps) near Pass d’Ur in southeast Switzerland. These sampled both oceanic brecciated material and a blackwall reaction zone in contact with a micaschist and serpentinized peridotite. Peak temperatures during Alpine metamorphism in these units were ~ 460 ± 30 °C. Textural observations combined with new geochronological data indicate that rutile and titanite both grew below their closure temperatures during Alpine metamorphism. We present a technique to calculate the most precise and accurate ages possible using a two-dimensional U–Pb isochron on a Wetherill concordia. Rutile from two samples gave a U–Pb isochron age of 63.0 ± 3.0 Ma. This age conflicts with previous 39Ar–40Ar data on heterogeneous amphiboles from which an age of 90–80 Ma was inferred for the high pressure part of the Alpine evolution, but is consistent with K–Ar ages and Ar–Ar ages on phengitic white mica. Titanite from three samples gave a U–Pb isochron age of 54.7 ± 4.1 Ma. This age is consistent with Rb–Sr isochron ages on mylonites along and in the footwall of the Lunghin–Mortirolo movement zone, a major boundary that separates ductile deformation in the footwall from mostly localized and brittle deformation in the hangingwall. Our ages indicate a Paleocene rather than upper Cretaceous metamorphism of the Pennine–Austroalpine boundary and permit at most ~ 15 Myr, and possibly much less, between the growth of rutile and titanite.
On the linear stability of nearly Kähler 6-manifolds
Authors: Semmelmann Uwe , Wang Changliang , Wang M. Y.-K.
Published: September 2019

We show that a strict, nearly Kähler 6-manifold with either second or third Betti number nonzero is linearly unstable with respect to the$$\nu $$ν-entropy of Perelman and hence is dynamically unstable for the Ricci flow.
Synthesis and cellular effects of novel 1,3,5-triazine derivatives in DLD and Ht-29 human colon cancer cell lines
Authors: Wróbel Agnieszka , Kolesińska Beata , Frączyk Justyna , Kamiński Zbigniew J. , Tankiewicz-Kwedlo Anna , Hermanowicz Justyna , Czarnomysy Robert , Maliszewski Dawid , Drozdowska Danuta
Published: September 2019

This study provides new information on the cellular effects of 1,3,5-triazine nitrogen mustards with different peptide groups in DLD and Ht-29 human colon cancer cell lines. A novel series of 2,4,6-trisubstituted 1,3,5-triazine derivatives bearing 2-chloroethyl and oligopeptide moieties was designed and synthesized. The most cytotoxic derivative was triazine with an Ala-Ala-OMe substituent on the ring (compound 7b). This compound induced time- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity in the DLD-1 and HT-29 colon cancer cell lines. The triazine derivative furthermore induced apoptosis through intracellular signaling pathway attenuation. Compound 7b may be a candidate for further evaluation as a chemotherapeutic agent against colorectal cancer.
The emergence of a new weed in maize plantations: characterization and genetic structure using microsatellite markers
Authors: Díaz A. , Taberner A. , Vilaplana L.
Published: September 2019

The objective of this work was to assess the genetic variability and structure of a new weed in Spanish maize fields, and investigate its geographical patterns using 17 microsatellites. Commercial maize varieties (C), maize-like weeds (MLW), putative hybrids with C (WCH), and teosintes (Tm:Zea maysssp.mexicanaand Tp:Z. maysssp.parviglumis) were analyzed. The weed genetic diversity (MLW and WCH: 0.52) was the lowest (C: 0.59, Tm: 0.66, and Tp: 0.71). Weeds (0.21) and teosintes (Tm: 0.27, Tp: 0.34) showed positive values for the inbreeding coefficient (FIS), which agrees with their low values for the observed heterozygosity (HO), common in wild species; whereas C exhibited a negativeFISvalue (− 0.06, excess of heterozygous), common in domesticated species. Major clustering agreed with the different types of samples, even if some of the most hybridized weeds branched with the C cluster. Within the weeds, an evident tendency to group together depending on their geographical origin was perceived. Structure analyses confirmed the contribution of C to the genome of those weeds with the highest degree of hybridization. Consistently, the genetic variation (FST) was not negligible only when the teosintes were compared to the C group. Most of the molecular variance occurred within populations (51.83%) and not among populations (10.09%), with the highest value (32.33%) being found within the weed population. These new weeds seem to have a complex origin. Even if they are related to both, C and teosintes (Tm and Tp), they form an unidentified and genetically distinct group (FST: 0.13).
Make Way for the Robots! Human- and Machine-Centricity in Constituting a European Public–Private Partnership
Authors: Rommetveit Kjetil , van Dijk Niels , Gunnarsdóttir Kristrún
Published: September 2019

This article is an analytic register of recent European efforts in the making of ‘autonomous’ robots to address what is imagined as Europe’s societal challenges. The paper describes how an emerging techno-epistemic network stretches across industry, science, policy and law to legitimize and enact a robotics innovation agenda. Roadmap is the main metaphor and organizing tool in working across the disciplines and sectors, and in aligning these heterogeneous actors with a machine-centric vision along a path to make way for ‘new kinds’ of robots. We describe what happens as this industry-dominated project docks in a public–private partnership with pan-European institutions and a legislative initiative on robolaw. Emphasizing the co-production of robotics and European innovation politics, we observe how well-known uncertainties and scholarly debates about machine capabilities and human–machine configurations, are unexpectedly played out in legal scholarship and institutions as a controversy and a significant problem for human-centered legal frameworks. European robotics are indeed driving an increase in speculative ethics and a new-found weight of possible futures in legislative practice.
CME–HSS Interaction and Characteristics Tracked from Sun to Earth
Authors: Heinemann Stephan G. , Temmer Manuela , Farrugia Charles J. , Dissauer Karin , Kay Christina , Wiegelmann Thomas , Dumbović Mateja , Veronig Astrid M. , Podladchikova Tatiana , Hofmeister Stefan J. , Lugaz Noé , Carcaboso Fernando
Published: September 2019

In a thorough study, we investigate the origin of a remarkable plasma and magnetic field configuration observed in situ on June 22, 2011, near L1, which appears to be a magnetic ejecta (ME) and a shock signature engulfed by a solar wind high-speed stream (HSS). We identify the signatures as an Earth-directed coronal mass ejection (CME), associated with a C7.7 flare on June 21, 2011, and its interaction with a HSS, which emanates from a coronal hole (CH) close to the launch site of the CME. The results indicate that the major interaction between the CME and the HSS starts at a height of $1.3~\mbox{R}_{\odot }$
1.3

R
⊙

up to $3~\mbox{R}_{\odot }$
3

R
⊙

. Over that distance range, the CME undergoes a strong north-eastward deflection of at least $30^{\circ }$

30
∘

due to the open magnetic field configuration of the CH. We perform a comprehensive analysis for the CME–HSS event using multi-viewpoint data (from the Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatories, the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory and the Solar Dynamics Observatory), and combined modeling efforts (nonlinear force-free field modeling, Graduated Cylindrical Shell CME modeling, and the Forecasting a CME’s Altered Trajectory – ForeCAT model). We aim at better understanding its early evolution and interaction process as well as its interplanetary propagation and related in situ signatures, and finally the resulting impact on the Earth’s magnetosphere.
A holistic study of neonicotinoids neuroactive insecticides—properties, applications, occurrence, and analysis
Authors: Buszewski Bogusław , Bukowska Małgorzata , Ligor Magdalena , Staneczko-Baranowska Irena
Published: September 2019

Among pesticides and foliar sprays involved in the treatment of seed, soil, and grass, also to crops, an important group is neonicotinoids. Neonicotinoid pesticides present similar properties with nicotine, but the mentioned compounds are less harmful for humans. Nevertheless, neonicotinoids are poisonous to insects and some invertebrates, which can act against insects’ central nervous system, leading to their death. Moreover, neonicotinoids can affect the reproduction, foraging, and flying ability of honeybee and other insects including pollinators. In the present study, some neonicotinoids, such as imidacloprid, acetamiprid, clothianidin, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam together with their toxic effects, have been presented. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) classifies these neonicotinoids as II and III class toxicity agents. Due to accumulation of these pesticides into the pollen of treated plants, especially due to their toxic effects against pollinators, the consequences of the occurrence of these insecticides have been discussed. Analytical aspects and methods involved in the isolation and determination of this class of pesticides have been presented in this contribution.
Using the Morris sensitivity analysis method to assess the importance of input variables on time-reversal imaging of seismic sources
Authors: Franczyk Anna
Published: September 2019

The time-reversal imaging method has become a standard technique for seismic source location using both acoustic and elastic wave equations. Although there are many studies on the determination of the relevant parameter for visualization of the time-reversal method, little has been done so far to investigate the accuracy of seismic source location depending on parameters such as the geometry of the seismic network or underestimation of the velocity model. This paper investigates the importance of the accuracy of seismic source location using the time-reversal imaging method of input variables such as seismic network geometry and the assumed geological model. For efficient visualization of seismic wave propagation and interference, peak-to-average power ratio was used. Identification of the importance of variables used in seismic source location was obtained using the Morris elementary effect method, which is a global sensitivity analysis method.
A simple and reliable method for creating PCR-detectable mutants in Arabidopsis with the polycistronic tRNA–gRNA CRISPR/Cas9 system
Authors: Hui Liangliang , Zhao Min , He Junqi , Hu Yingying , Huo Yanshuang , Hao Houyan , Hao Yaqi , Zhu Weining , Wang Yuhua , Xu Min , Fu Aigen
Published: September 2019

To develop an easy and robust method for creating genetically stable and easily detectable Arabidopsis mutants, we adopted the polycistronic tRNA–gRNA CRISPR/Cas9 (PTG/Cas9) system, a multiplex gene-editing tool in rice, with PTOX as the reporter gene. The PTG/Cas9 system has a great potential in generating large deletions detectable by PCR, which greatly simplifies the laborious work of mutant screening. We constructed a PTOX–PTG/Cas9 system with five gRNAs and introduced it into Arabidopsis. At T1 generation, 24.4% of transgenic plants were chimeric with PCR-detectable deletions in PTOX locus, but no homozygous mutant was found, indicating that gene editing occurred predominantly in somatic cells. After a self-cross propagation, 60% of T1 chimeric plants were able to produce homozygous, heterozygous, or bi-allelic ptox offsprings. Inheritable homozygous ptox mutants without Cas9 gene can be obtained earliest at T2 generation. We further targeted five other genes using the same procedure and achieved homozygous Cas9-free mutants with large deletions for all genes within three generations. We established a standard and reliable protocol to generate stable inherited deletion mutants in 2–3 generations along with simple PCR screening methods. We conclude that the rice PTG/Cas9 system is an efficient, easy, and rapid tool to edit genes in Arabidopsis. We propose that it could be applied to other genes in Arabidopsis, and it might have the potential to edit genes in other plant species as well.
Correction to: Efficacy and safety of duloxetine and Pregabalin in Iranian patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Joharchi Khojasteh , Memari Moosareza , Azargashb Eznollah , Saadat Navid
Published: September 2019

The article Efficacy and safety of duloxetine and Pregabalin in Iranian patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial, written by Khojasteh Joharchi, Moosareza Memari, Eznollah Azargashb, and Navid Saadat, was originally published.
Working Memory Training Is Associated with Changes in Resting State Functional Connectivity in Children Who Were Born Extremely Preterm: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tseng Chieh-En Jane , Pascoe Leona , Roberts Gehan , Doyle Lex W. , Lee Katherine J. , Thompson Deanne K. , Seal Marc , Josev Elisha K. , Chen Jian , Nosarti Chiara , Anderson Peter J.
Published: September 2019

Children born extremely preterm (EP; < 28 weeks of gestation) or extremely low birth weight (ELBW; < 1000 g) are at increased risk of working memory deficits compared with their term-born peers and may benefit from working memory training. This study aimed to determine whether Cogmed Working Memory Training®, compared with a placebo training program, was associated with changes in resting-state functional connectivity (rsfc) and whether these changes correlated with working memory performance in EP/ELBW children. Twenty-one 7-year-old EP/ELBW children were enrolled in a double-blinded randomized controlled trial and had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessments (Cogmed,n = 12; placebo (a non-adaptive version of Cogmed),n = 9). Prior to training (baseline) and 2 weeks post-training, all children received a cognitive assessment, inclusive of immediate memory and working memory measures and an MRI. The Cogmed Improvement Index was used as a measure of improvement in trained activities in the Cogmed group. Resting-state functional MRI was used to measure training-related changes in intra- and inter-network rsfc. The networks assessed include the default mode network, the left and right central executive networks, the bilateral executive network, the dorsal attention network, and the salience network. rsfc data were compared between treatment groups and investigated in relation to changes in working memory performance. There was little evidence of differences in intra- or inter-network rsfc strength changes from baseline to post-training between treatment groups. In the Cogmed group, working memory performance was associated with increased rsfc from baseline to post-training within the precuneus network, but not in the placebo group. In the Cogmed group, results that did not survive multiple comparison correction further showed that improvement in trained activities was associated with increased rsfc between the left central and bilateral executive networks, and with decreased rsfc within the right central executive network and between the right central executive and salience networks. Changes in rsfc may facilitate working memory performance following Cogmed training. Further studies are needed to investigate how changes in rsfc are associated with behavioral changes to better support working memory in vulnerable groups.
Transcranial direct current stimulation in patients with obsessive
compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bation Rémy , Mondino Marine , Le Camus Florent , Saoud Mohamed , Brunelin Jerome
Published: September 2019

Background:

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a severe mental disorder with
poor response to the available treatments. Neuroimaging studies have
identified dysfunctions within the
orbito-fronto-striato-pallido-thalamic network in patients with OCD.
Here, we assessed the efficacy and safety of transcranial direct current
stimulation (tDCS) applied with the cathode over the orbitofrontal
cortex (OFC) and the anode over the right cerebellum to decrease OCD
symptoms in patients with treatment-resistant OCD.

Methods:

In a randomized sham-controlled double-blind study, 21 patients with
OCD were assigned to receive ten 20-min sessions (two sessions per day)
of either active (2 mA) or sham tDCS. The clinical symptoms were
measured using the Yale-Brown Obsessive and Compulsive Scale (YBOCS).
Acute effects on the symptoms were measured from baseline to immediately
after the 10 tDCS sessions. Long-lasting effects were measured 1 and 3
months after the 10th tDCS session.

Results:

Compared with the sham tDCS, active tDCS significantly decreased OCD
symptoms immediately after the 10th tDCS session
(F(1,19) = 5.26, p = 0.03). However, no
significant differences were observed between the active and sham groups
in terms of changes in YBOCS score or the number of responders one and 3
months after tDCS.

Conclusion:

Despite significant acute effects, tDCS with the cathode placed over
the left OFC and the anode placed over the right cerebellum was not
significantly effective in inducing a long-lasting reduction of symptoms
in patients with treatment-resistant OCD.
Subjective response to antipsychotics in bipolar disorders: A review of a
neglected area
Authors: Strejilevich S.A. , Camino S. , Caravotta P. , Valerio M. , Godoy A. , Gordon C. , Goldfarb M.R.
Published: September 2019

Background:

The term “subjective response to antipsychotic” (SRA) refers to
changes in the subjective state experienced due to antipsychotic (AP)
exposition that is independent of the therapeutic or physical side
effects of these drugs. This dimension of analysis has been extensively
explored in schizophrenic disorders, finding that negative SRA is an
early and independent predictor of compliance as well as a successful
pathway to construct current theoretical frameworks of these disorders.
There is an increasing use of AP in bipolar disorders’ treatment (BD)
but no reviews on the topic have been published to date in this
population. The aim of this work is to review published data of SRA in
BD patients and to discuss their clinical and theoretical
implications.

Methods:

An extensive search in online databases was performed. Reports were
reviewed and included if they described SRA in BD or included
instruments aimed to assess it. Reports of cognitive, sexual, motor
autonomic side effects were excluded. Findings were summarized in a
narrative fashion.

Results:

Nine reports fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in
the revision, reporting data from 1282 BD patients. Among these, three
were prospective studies and three explored relations between SRA and
treatment compliance.

Conclusions:

There is an asymmetry between the increase in the use of
antipsychotics in BD and the lack of data regarding the SRA.
Phenomenologically, SRA in BD is similar to that found in schizophrenic
subjects. Some of these symptoms may be misdiagnosed as depressive
symptoms. The existing data show that SRA has a strong correlation with
treatment compliance as well as a promising way to develop theoretical
paradigms for these disorders.
The Epistemology of Disagreement: Why Not Bayesianism?
Authors: Mulligan Thomas
Published: September 2019

Disagreement is a ubiquitous feature of human life, and philosophers have dutifully attended to it. One important question related to disagreement is epistemological: How does a rational person change her beliefs (if at all) in light of disagreement from others? The typical methodology for answering this question is to endorse asteadfastorconciliatorydisagreement norm (and not both) on a priori grounds and selected intuitive cases. In this paper, I argue that this methodology is misguided. Instead, a thoroughgoinglyBayesianstrategy is what's needed. Such a strategy provides conciliatory norms in appropriate cases and steadfast norms in appropriate cases. I argue, further, that the few extant efforts to address disagreement in the Bayesian spirit are laudable but uncompelling. A modelling, rather than a functional, approach gets us the right norms and is highly general, allowing the epistemologist to deal with (1) multiple epistemic interlocutors, (2) epistemic superiors and inferiors (i.e. not just epistemic peers), and (3) dependence between interlocutors.
Spatial analysis of economic and social determinants of vote: the case of the European Parliament and constitutional referendum votes in Italy
Authors: Truglia Francesco Giovanni , Zeli Alessandro
Published: September 2019

The 2014 European Parliament election and the 2016 Constitutional Referendum in Italy occurred in the middle of two general elections. These votes, taking place respectively at the beginning and the end of the government led by Matteo Renzi of the Democratic Party (PD), represented a public test of the PD leadership. The election results were diverse in many respects, but they replicate social, economic, political, and cultural differences. In particular, between the two electoral exercises the differential electoral behaviour of South compared with the rest of the country is deepened. Moreover, the results can be interpreted as the outcome of differences in age, educational levels, social, and economic unrest; all these variables are synthesized by the territorial distribution of the vote and this helps in interpreting the evolution of political sentiment in Italy. A spatial statistics methodology is utilized to analyse votes by means of their territorial distributions. The outcomes indicate that referendum result was influenced by the economic vote. Apart from the substance of the constitutional reform, the referendum result can be traced back to economic factors: the absence of perceived economic improvements and the persistence of high unemployment.
THE DETERMINANTS OF ANTI-GOVERNMENT PROTESTS IN ASIA
Authors: Choi Chonghyun , Kim Dongwook
Published: September 2019

What determines cross-national variations in the extent of anti-government protests in Asia? Anti-government protests have surged across Asia in recent years, with many contributing to consequential political change. However, systematic cross-national comparison of the determinants of protests in Asia is still largely missing. This article fills this important gap by quantitatively examining the explanatory power of the three main theories of contentious politics—grievance, resource mobilization, and political process theories—in the Asian context with new data on anti-government protests in all 25 Asian states from 1990 to 2016. The analysis finds that urbanization, information and communication technology, and regional demonstration effects are the strong catalysts of anti-government protests in Asia, while repressive state capacity particularly dampens protests. The findings offer important insights into the dynamics of the anti-government protests that have become increasingly salient in Asian politics.
Diffusion coefficients of elastic macromolecules
Authors: Cichocki Bogdan , Rubin Marcin , Niedzwiecka Anna , Szymczak Piotr
Published: September 2019

In elastic macromolecules, the value of the short-time diffusion coefficient depends on the choice of the point the displacement of which is tracked. On the other hand, the experimentally more relevant long-time diffusion coefficient is independent of the reference point, but its estimation usually requires computationally expensive Brownian dynamics simulations. Here we show how to obtain a precise estimate of the long-time diffusion coefficient of elastic macromolecules in a fast and robust manner, without invoking Brownian dynamics.
SUBGROUPS WITH NO ABELIAN COMPOSITION FACTORS ARE NOT DISTINGUISHED
Authors: CHAMBERLAIN ROBERT
Published: September 2019

Given a finite group $G$, define the minimal degree $\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}(G)$ of $G$ to be the least $n$ such that $G$ embeds into $S_{n}$. We call $G$ exceptional if there is some $N\unlhd G$ with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}(G/N)>\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}(G)$, in which case we call $N$ distinguished. We prove here that a subgroup with no abelian composition factors is not distinguished.
Fruit and vegetable consumption and the metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Mijin , Lim Miso , Kim Jihye
Published: September 2019

A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies were performed to assess the dose–response associations between fruit or vegetable consumption and the chance of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Studies on the association between fruit or vegetable consumption and the risk of the MetS published from January 1958 to 30 October 2018 were searched using the PubMed, MEDLINE and Embase databases, and the references of relevant articles were reviewed. Random-effects models were used to estimate the summary OR with 95 % CI for the MetS, and dose–response analysis was conducted to quantify the associations. Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated usingQandI2statistics. A total of nine observational studies (seven cross-sectional studies and two cohort studies) were included in the meta-analysis. In a dose–response analysis of cohort studies and cross-sectional studies, the summary estimate of the MetS for an increase of 100 g/d in fruit consumption (nine studies) was 0·97 (95 % CI 0·95, 0·99;I2= 26·7 %), whereas an increase of 100 g/d in vegetable consumption (nine studies) was not associated with a reduction in the MetS (OR 0·98; 95 % CI 0·96, 1·01;I2= 54·6 %). In conclusion, an increased intake of fruit may reduce the risk of the MetS. For future research, prospective studies or randomised clinical trials are needed to identify the effects of fruits and vegetables by variety on the risk of the MetS.
‘The one who trampled Hades underfoot’: a comparative analysis of Christ's descent to the dead and trinitarian relations in second-century Christian texts and Hans Urs von Balthasar
Authors: Emerson Matthew Y.
Published: September 2019

In both Theo-Drama IV and Mysterium Paschale, Balthasar suggests that the descensus existentially separates the divine hypostases of Father and Son. He also repeatedly argues that his position is faithful to the Great Tradition. While there has been much debate about Balthasar's view of the descensus, this debate has focused mostly on the issues of universalism and penal substitution, leaving the issue of trinitarian relations either to the side or without an analysis of its historical precedent. This article attempts to address this lacuna by asking whether Balthasar's view of the descensus is in fact supported by the Great Tradition, with a specific focus on second-century texts. After surveying the apostolic fathers, second-century Jewish and Christian traditions (e.g. the New Testament apocrypha), second-century apologists and Melito's Peri Pascha, the article concludes that Balthasar's position does not find historical support in the second century. His view may be in line with the Great Tradition elsewhere, but it is not grounded in this seminal century of Christian doctrinal reflection.
The self-understanding of Jesus: a metaphysical reading of historical Jesus studies
Authors: Stevenson Austin
Published: September 2019

This article argues that the quests for the historical Jesus have largely operated with an understanding of history hindered by a severely constricted range of divine and human possibilities. By outlining human ‘self-understanding’ as a historiographical question, it emphasises the determinative role in historical judgement played by the historian's assumptions about the range of possibility available to the processes of human thought. Highlighting three particular concerns that historians tend to connect to ‘docetism’, it suggests a couple of ways that metaphysical and theological forms of reasoning could expand the horizon of possibilities available to historical Jesus scholarship in a way that will augment access to the historical figure of Jesus.
Tarpeia the Vestal
Authors: Neel Jaclyn
Published: September 2019

Tarpeia's role as a Vestal has become a matter of scholarly consensus in the past two decades. This article questions that consensus by suggesting that Varro and Propertius are the two major proponents of this ‘Vestal version’, which is not present in other major narratives such as Livy, Dionysius of Halicarnassus and Plutarch. Propertius’ version in particular, which depicts Tarpeia as a Vestal in love, has been overprivileged in analyses of this myth as a dramatisation of individual identity versus loyalty to the state. Varro's account, which also includes Tarpeia's Vestal status, suggests a different interpretation: it is likely that Varro considered Tarpeia a non-Roman Vestal whose Vestal status supported the state. This version resolves certain dissonances in early Roman myth.
Perspectives about Interprofessional Collaboration and Patient-Centred Care
Authors: Dahlke Sherry , Hunter Kathleen F. , Reshef Kalogirou Maya , Negrin Kelly , Fox Mary , Wagg Adrian
Published: September 2019

Interprofessional collaboration is understood to improve efficiencies and quality of care but is associated with challenges such as professionals’ differing routines, knowledge, and identities, as well as professional hierarchies and time constraints. Given these challenges, there is limited understanding of how professionals collaborate effectively in providing patient-centred care. This study, with a convergence triangulation mixed-methods study design, explored interprofessional staffs’ perceptions of interprofessional collaboration and patient-centred care when working with hospitalized older adults. Thirty-six staff responded to a survey which included the Patient-Centred Care measure and the Modified Index of Interdisciplinary Collaboration; we also interviewed 14 nursing staff. Although all scores suggested a high value was placed on interprofessional collaboration, scores were low related to activities that facilitated team processes. We identified three themes from the data: knowing the patient/family, functional needs, and communication processes. Staff identified daily rounds with interprofessional teams as supportive of interprofessional collaboration and patient-centred-care.
‘There Must Be Something There That We Don't Know About’: Massenet and Lucy Arbell
Authors: Branger Jean-Christophe
Published: September 2019

Lucy Arbell (1878–1947) assumed an important position in Massenet's compositional process and output. Beginning withArianein 1906, he wrote principal or secondary roles for the singer in all of his operas, as well as the celebrated song cycleExpressions lyriques(1909–1911). Despite Massenet's admiration, the French contralto was received ambivalently by critics and she fell into oblivion soon after his death. For some, her talents as an actress could not make up for the mediocre quality of her voice. Drawing on unpublished and hitherto unknown archival documents, this article explores Arbell's career, which has been largely overlooked by scholars. I reveal how her career's evolution was intimately connected to the professional and sentimental relationship between singer and composer. Massenet notably wrote roles for her that included extensive use of spoken declamation, which sets them apart in the history of opera.
A switched server system semiconjugate to a minimal interval exchange
Authors: FERNANDES FILIPE , PIRES BENITO
Published: September 2019

Switched server systems are mathematical models of manufacturing, traffic and queueing systems that have being studied since the early 1990s. In particular, it is known that typically the dynamics of such systems is asymptotically periodic: each orbit of the system converges to one of its finitely many limit cycles. In this article, we provide an explicit example of a switched server system with exotic behaviour: each orbit of the system converges to the same Cantor attractor. To accomplish this goal, we bring together recent advances in the understanding of the topological dynamics of piecewise contractions and interval exchange transformations (IETs) with flips. The ultimate result is a switched server system whose Poincaré map is semiconjugate to a minimal and uniquely ergodic IET with flips.
Congenital cardiac surgery and parental perception of risk: a qualitative study
Authors: Lotto Robyn R. , Jones Ian D. , Guerrero Rafael , Dhannapuneni Ram , Lotto Attilio A.
Published: September 2019

Introduction:

The way risk is interpreted by parents of children undergoing congenital cardiac surgery is poorly documented. Literature suggests clinicians have concerns that parents may not understand the complexity of procedures. Conversely, some parents perceive an unnecessary over-emphasis of risks.

Aim:

To explore how risk is encountered by parents of children who are undergoing cardiac surgery, in order to deliver effective and compassionate care.

Methods:

A qualitative approach was adopted. Interviews were undertaken with 18 parents (mothers n = 10; fathers n = 8). Recordings were transcribed verbatim and analysed using a constant comparative-based approach.

Findings:

Three themes emerged from the data: the nature of risk, reflecting the complexity of parental perception of risk and the influence of the doctor–parent relationship; presenting risk, highlighting the way in which risk is presented to and interpreted by parents; and risk and responsibility, examining the way in which parents engaged with risk and the impact of this on their relationship.

Conclusions:

The way in which risk is perceived by parents is complex and multi-factorial. The doctor–parent relationship is key to parental engagement. However, parents manage risk and uncertainty through a number of mechanisms, including those perceived as being not rational. This can cause tension, particularly when required to engage in informed decision-making.
IN THE SHADOW OF LACEDAEMON: LUXURY, WEALTH AND EARLY-MODERN REPUBLICAN THOUGHT
Authors: Regent Nikola
Published: September 2019

The article examines Sparta’s influence on the treatment of luxury and wealth in early-modern republican thought, analyzing three key thinkers: Francesco Guicciardini, Montesquieu and Abbé de Mably. In this view, unnecessary wealth and, particularly, consumption over a certain limited level, is a pernicious extravagance that harms virtue and leads to corruption of the commonwealth that allows it. Both the direct influence of the Spartan example and the correlative Platonic ideal, inspired by the Lacedaemonians, are analyzed; the influence of Plutarch is emphasized. Special attention is given to the distinction between the Platonic account, with the twin dangers of both wealth and poverty, and a simpler, binary opposition of virtuous poverty vs. corrupting wealth. Guicciardini’s and Mably’s views are closely examined; for Montesquieu, the article traces the decisive role Plato plays in Montesquieu’s account of luxury, and analyzes his almost unknown work,Dialogue de Xantippe, showing the importance of Sparta for Montesquieu’s idea of republic.
Metal Nanoparticle-Decorated Silicon Nanowire Arrays on Silicon Substrate and their Applications
Authors: Roy Abhijit , Satpati Biswarup
Published: September 2019

Herein, we report an efficient method to produce silver (Ag) nanoparticle-decorated silicon (Si) nanowire (NW) arrays on a pyramidal Si (P-Si) substrate by using a pure chemical method and rapid thermal annealing in different atmospheres. A metal-assisted chemical etching technique was used to produce vertical Si NW arrays on pyramidal Si. The etching was observed to be heavily dependent on the substrate type. On planar Si (100), the etching was observed to occur in a uniform manner. However, the etching rate was observed to increase from the top to the base of the Si pyramid. The Si NWs produced from P-Si have zig-zag sidewalls as observed from high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images. However, for the same oxidant concentration, Si NWs produced from planar Si (100) consist of straight and amorphous sidewalls. Local variation of oxidant concentration is responsible for the formation of different sidewalls. The substrates are both surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active and hydrophobic. The hydrophobicity is due to the dual scale of roughness contributed to by both pyramidal and NW structures. Finite-difference time-domain simulation shows that the gap between two Ag spheres and also the gap between Si NWs and Ag spheres contributed to SERS enhancement.
Radiation-associated hypertension in patients undergoing treatment for prostate cancer
Authors: Farrugia Mark , Mattes Malcolm
Published: September 2019

Objective:

Patients undergoing prostate radiation therapy were observed to have elevated blood pressures in clinic. Therefore, we sought to further characterise this phenomenon.

Methods:

The charts of 76 patients who received radiotherapy for prostate cancer between 2014 and 2017 were examined. Blood pressure (BP) readings were obtained at initial consultation, on treatment visits, and subsequent follow-up appointments. To describe this effect, we defined radiation-associated hypertension (RAH) as an increase ≥15 mmHg systolic BP, 10 mmHg diastolic BP, or 5 mmHg mean arterial pressure.

Results:

Within this cohort, 36 patients developed RAH, with 75% developing RAH while on treatment, and 25% developing RAH at post-treatment visits. Two-thirds of patients remained hypertensive during post-treatment visits, and 27% were prescribed additional anti-hypertensives. There was no association between neoadjuvant/concurrent androgen deprivation therapy and RAH.

Conclusion:

A significant number of patients undergoing prostate radiotherapy developed RAH, necessitating additional medication in some.
Effects of Tidally Varying Salinity on Groundwater Flow and Solute Transport: Insights From Modelling an Idealized Creek Marsh Aquifer
Authors: Xiao Kai , Li Hailong , Xia Yuqiang , Yang Jinzhong , Wilson Alicia M. , Michael Holly A. , Geng Xiaolong , Smith Erik , Boufadel Michel C. , Yuan Ping , Wang Xuejing
Published: September 2019

Most existing numerical research on tide‐induced groundwater dynamics assumes a constant surface water salinity on the seaward boundary (constant salinity case). Few studies have investigated the influence of tidally varying salinity on shallow groundwater dynamics in coastal aquifers (tidal salinity case). We compiled field observations of tidally varying salinity in multiple estuaries across the eastern coast of China and a tidal creek in North Inlet‐Winyah Bay, United States. Numerical simulations were then conducted to explore the effect of tidally varying salinity on groundwater flow and salt transport in an idealized creek marsh aquifer. Results showed that the upper saline plume and classical saltwater wedge appeared in all cases, but the salinity in the saltwater wedge was diluted in the tidal salinity cases. Notably, groundwater transit times were shorter in the tidal salinity case than in the constant salinity case, especially under the creek bottom. Quantitative analyses indicated that tidally varying salinity significantly enhanced surface water‐groundwater exchange, increasing submarine groundwater discharge by 10% and the total inflow of surface water across the water‐sediment interface by 7%. As the density of groundwater differs from that of the overlying surface water, fingered saltwater flow formed in sediments under the creek bottom, leading to some small local water circulation cells. These small cells reduced groundwater transit times and almost doubled the water exchange rate. Coupling the density‐dependent flow to a simplified nitrogen reaction network revealed that the tidally varying salinity may have the potential to influence nitrogen biogeochemical transformations that modify nitrogen loads prior to discharge.
Solar Spike Suggests a More Active Sun
Authors: Redd Nola
Published: September 2019

Radio waves are providing a new way to probe the Sun and suggest that the magnetic field of its corona may be stronger than long thought.
Eddy Saturation of the Southern Ocean: A Baroclinic Versus Barotropic Perspective
Authors: Constantinou Navid C. , Hogg Andrew McC.
Published: September 2019

“Eddy saturation” is the regime in which the total time‐mean volume transport of an oceanic current is relatively insensitive to the wind stress forcing and is often invoked as a dynamical description of Southern Ocean circulation. We revisit the problem of eddy saturation using a primitive equations model in an idealized channel setup with bathymetry. We apply only mechanical wind stress forcing; there is no diapycnal mixing or surface buoyancy forcing. Our main aim is to assess the relative importance of two mechanisms for producing eddy‐saturated states: (i) the commonly invoked baroclinic mechanism that involves the competition of sloping isopycnals and restratification by production of baroclinic eddies and (ii) the barotropic mechanism that involves production of eddies through lateral shear instabilities or through the interaction of the barotropic current with bathymetric features. Our results suggest that the barotropic flow component plays a crucial role in determining the total volume transport.
Direct Monitoring Reveals Initiation of Turbidity Currents From Extremely Dilute River Plumes
Authors: Hage Sophie , Cartigny Matthieu J.B. , Sumner Esther J. , Clare Michael A. , Hughes Clarke John E. , Talling Peter J. , Lintern D. Gwyn , Simmons Stephen M. , Silva Jacinto Ricardo , Vellinga Age J. , Allin Joshua R. , Azpiroz‐Zabala Maria , Gales Jenny A. , Hizzett Jamie L. , Hunt James E. , Mozzato Alessandro , Parsons Daniel R. , Pope Ed L. , Stacey Cooper D. , Symons William O. , Vardy Mark E. , Watts Camilla
Published: September 2019

Rivers (on land) and turbidity currents (in the ocean) are the most important sediment transport processes on Earth. Yet how rivers generate turbidity currents as they enter the coastal ocean remains poorly understood. The current paradigm, based on laboratory experiments, is that turbidity currents are triggered when river plumes exceed a threshold sediment concentration of ~1 kg/m3. Here we present direct observations of an exceptionally dilute river plume, with sediment concentrations 1 order of magnitude below this threshold (0.07 kg/m3), which generated a fast (1.5 m/s), erosive, short‐lived (6 min) turbidity current. However, no turbidity current occurred during subsequent river plumes. We infer that turbidity currents are generated when fine sediment, accumulating in a tidal turbidity maximum, is released during spring tide. This means that very dilute river plumes can generate turbidity currents more frequently and in a wider range of locations than previously thought.
Deriving Rupture Scenarios From Interseismic Locking Distributions Along the Subduction Megathrust
Authors: Yang Hongfeng , Yao Suli , He Bing , Newman Andrew V. , Weng Huihui
Published: September 2019

Given recent advances in geodetic data, interseismic locking models along the megathrust now become useful to qualitatively evaluate future earthquake potential. However, an individual earthquake's true rupture potential is challenging, as it depends on more than just a static image of prior locking. Here, we test the determinism of interseismic locking models using spontaneous rupture simulations and the well‐resolved processes associated with the 2012 moment magnitude (Mw) 7.6 Nicoya earthquake. To do so, we estimate initial megathrust stress from locking by assuming that the entire slip deficit will be released in the next megathrust earthquake. Then we initiate spontaneous ruptures at the hypocenter of the 2012 Nicoya earthquake. We find scenarios that approximate the same coseismic slip distribution and final earthquake moment magnitude as obtained from seismic and geodetic observations, demonstrating that deriving potential rupture scenarios from interseismic locking is feasible. We also find that spontaneous rupture scenarios from different locking models differ in moment rate duration and thus ground motion prediction, although the final slip distribution and moment magnitude were similar. The results highlight that quantifying rupture scenarios and ground motions from reliable locking models by dynamic rupture simulations can be an effective tool for seismic hazard assessment in subduction zones.
Direct and Microseismic Observations of Hydraulic Fracturing in Barre Granite and Opalinus Clayshale
Authors: Li Bing Q. , Einstein Herbert H.
Published: September 2019

While hydraulic fracturing is a well‐established and widely implemented process, there are still some aspects that can be better understood. Specifically, researchers do not fully understand the relation between the hydraulic fracture network and the microseismic events induced during hydraulic stimulation. In this laboratory study, we address this knowledge gap by conducting hydraulic fracturing experiments where we directly observe microstructural changes using a high‐speed camera attached to a 5X magnification lens and analyze the images using a digital image correlation code. These data are compared to simultaneously acquired acoustic emissions, from which we infer the location and focal mechanisms of induced microseismic events. Experiments were conducted on Opalinus clayshale and Barre granite, at injection rates of 0.019 and 0.39 ml/s for each rock. The simultaneous recording of microseismic and visual observations is unique and provides significant insight into the details of hydraulic fracturing. Our results show several interesting differences between granite and shale, and between injection rates. For example, we find that while the creation of hydraulic fractures is generally considered as tensile at the field scale, evidence of shearing can be observed to varying degrees at the microstructural scale. Specifically, we see that microstructural shearing is more evident in granite in the form of distinct en echelon microcracks. On the effect of the injection rate, we find that a reduced injection rate tends to create a more complex network of microcracks, along with a lower proportion of double‐couple (shear) focal mechanisms in the microseismic data.