bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Quantum Control of Fluctuating Molecular Energy Levels in Complex Chemical Environments
Authors: Keefer Daniel , de Vivie‐Riedle Regina
Published: May 2019

In the present study, quantum control simulations are performed to explore the theoretical and practical limits of controlling applied synthetic chemistry in solution. To this extent a reactive model coordinate is used which captures the essential features of an atomistic and dynamic solvent environment during a picosecond control scenario. The time‐resolved influence of a molecular environment is revealed to fluctuate on a time‐scale of few hundred femtoseconds. Laser pulse optimizations are performed for different control scenarios, giving general experimental guidelines on how to find a reasonable tradeoff between pulse complexity and population yield. Few‐cycle flexible terahertz pulses are found to be capable of handling the complexities which are introduced by a fluctuating environment to the quantum properties of the molecular system. Besides the practical limitations in pulse generation and shaping, there seem to be no theoretical limits to controlling the investigated process with its environmental fluctuations. As the chosen model system involves a methyl group transfer and carbon–carbon formation, it stands representative for other commonly performed synthetic schemes in modern organic and pharmaceutical chemistry.
A comparison of riparian vegetation sampling methods along a large, regulated river
Authors: Palmquist Emily C. , Sterner Sarah A. , Ralston Barbara E.
Published: May 2019

Monitoring riparian vegetation cover and species richness is an important component of assessing change and understanding ecosystem processes. Vegetation sampling methods determined to be the best option in other ecosystems (e.g., desert grasslands and arctic tundra) may not be the best option in multilayered, species rich, heterogeneous riparian vegetation. This study examines the strengths and weaknesses of two common vegetation sampling methods, line‐point intercept and ocular quadrat estimates. Permutational analysis of variance analyses indicate that cover estimates among observers did not differ significantly for either line‐point intercept or ocular quadrat estimates. Line‐point intercept cover estimates resulted in lower coefficient of variation among observers than ocular quadrat estimates, but the ocular quadrat estimates recorded significantly more species. Line‐point estimates of cover were generally larger than ocular quadrat estimates. Ocular quadrat estimates are appropriate when assessment of richness is important, in areas with heterogeneous geomorphology and hydrology where fine‐scale measurements are most useful, and in areas where continuous sampling transects are impracticable. Line‐point intercept estimates are useful when minimum variation among observers is necessary, continuous transects are logical and practicable for the sampling area, woody cover does not present a logistical complication, and species richness is not a priority.
Errors‐in‐variables jump regression using local clustering
Authors: Kang Yicheng , Gong Xiaodong , Gao Jiti , Qiu Peihua
Published: May 2019

Errors‐in‐variables (EIV) regression is widely used in econometric models. The statistical analysis becomes challenging when the regression function is discontinuous and the distribution of measurement error is unknown. In the literature, most existing jump regression methods either assume that there is no measurement error involved or require that jumps are explicitly detected before the regression function can be estimated. In some applications, however, the ultimate goal is to estimate the regression function and to preserve the jumps in the process of estimation. In this paper, we are concerned with reconstructing jump regression curve from data that involve measurement error. We propose a direct jump‐preserving method that does not explicitly detect jumps. The challenge of restoring jump structure masked by measurement error is handled by local clustering. Theoretical analysis shows that the proposed curve estimator is statistically consistent. A numerical comparison with an existing jump regression method highlights its jump‐preserving property. Finally, we demonstrate our method by an application to a health tax policy study in Australia.
Adjusted restricted mean survival times in observational studies
Authors: Conner Sarah C. , Sullivan Lisa M. , Benjamin Emelia J. , LaValley Michael P. , Galea Sandro , Trinquart Ludovic
Published: May 2019

In observational studies with censored data, exposure‐outcome associations are commonly measured with adjusted hazard ratios from multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. The difference in restricted mean survival times (RMSTs) up to a pre‐specified time point is an alternative measure that offers a clinically meaningful interpretation. Several regression‐based methods exist to estimate an adjusted difference in RMSTs, but they digress from the model‐free method of taking the area under the survival function. We derive the adjusted RMST by integrating an adjusted Kaplan‐Meier estimator with inverse probability weighting (IPW). The adjusted difference in RMSTs is the area between the two IPW‐adjusted survival functions. In a Monte Carlo‐type simulation study, we demonstrate that the proposed estimator performs as well as two regression‐based approaches: the ANCOVA‐type method of Tian et al and the pseudo‐observation method of Andersen et al. We illustrate the methods by reexamining the association between total cholesterol and the 10‐year risk of coronary heart disease in the Framingham Heart Study.
Preparation of Bio‐Inspired Melanin Nanoplatforms Chelated with Manganese Ions as a Potential T1 MRI Contrast Agent
Authors: Maddah Mahsa , Delavari H. Hamid , Mehravi Bita
Published: May 2019

Commercial contrast agents demonstrated release risk of the toxic gadolinium ions, and designing of highly stable complexes of biogenic element such as Mn is challenging. In this contribution, Mn‐melanin nanoparticles have been prepared and reacted with m‐PEG. The effect of initial amount of Mn ions on the Mn absorption and its release by melanin nanoparticles (MNP) has been investigated. It has been found that MNP absorb and release more Mn ion by increasing the initial amount of Mn ions. It has been found that time and temperature has no significant effect on Mn absorption by MNP. It is found that the hydrodynamic size of MNP is in accordance with size of MNP which measured with TEM analysis (5.5±2 nm) and the effect of chain of m‐PEG and conformational alteration of MNP is responsible of hydrodynamic size variation. The zeta potential of MNP is decreased by PEGylation and reaction with Mn ions. MNP−Mn‐PEG demonstrated low toxicity up to 3.45 mg/mL after 24 h for human embryonic kidney cells. Finally, the r1 value of MNP−Mn‐PEG is 10 fold higher than Dotarem as the commercial MRI contrast agent which can be administrated at much lower doses to achieve similar contrast of Dotarem.
Synthesis, Water‐Removing Method and Influences of Trace Water for LiBF4
Authors: Zhao Dongni , Lei Dan , Wang Peng , Li Shiyou , Zhang Haiming , Cui Xiaoling
Published: May 2019

Recent works show the promise for lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4) as an electrolyte salt for lithium‐ion batteries. In this paper, LiBF4 is synthesized by a novel reaction between the as‐prepared anhydrous Li2SO3 and (C2H5)2O⋅BF3 in an aprotic solvent. The moisture sensitivity and water‐removing method of LiBF4 materials which has been dried under vacuum for 2 h at different temperature, is studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements. Results show that almost all of the adsorbed water would be removed at above 65 °C. With the increase of drying temperature, crystal water will decrease slowly, and almost disappear completely at 170 °C. However, due to the thermal decomposition of LiBF4, LiF and BF2OH impurities are formed as the temperature reaches 165 °C. So, we determine that the proper drying temperature is 155 °C, though the trace water cannot be removed thoroughly. Besides, influences of trace water on the electrochemical performance of Li/MCMB half‐cell with LiBF4 as electrolyte salt has been investigated. Results show that discharge plateaus at about 1.5 V vs. Li/Li+ will be lengthened with the increase of water content. Subsequently, the so‐called solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) film will become thicker and more resistant, which leads to poor Li+ ion migration and bad cycling performance.
Immobilized Polyoxomolybdate Nanoclusters on Functionalized SBA‐15: Green Access to Efficient and Recyclable Nanocatalyst for the Epoxidation of Alkenes
Authors: Bagherzadeh Mojtaba , Hosseini Hadighehsadat , Akbayrak Serdar , Özkar Saim
Published: May 2019

A heterogeneous nanocatalyst containing polyoxomolybdate immobilized on the internal surface of amino‐functionalized SBA‐15 pores was prepared and fully characterized by several analytical techniques. The textural property of supported material was found to retain important mesoporous features, compatible with its potential use as heterogeneous catalysts. The catalyst SBA‐15‐NH3+•{Mo36}–shows excellent catalytic activity for the epoxidation of alkenes as compared to POM, which is attributed to the large specific surface area and highly ordered pore structure of SBA‐15, allowing for easy access of reactants to the active sites and removal of products. The prepared catalyst has high recyclability performance without obvious loss of activity after six runs of epoxidation.
Porphyrin Cored Amine Functionalized Dendritic Polymer: An Efficient Reusable Catalyst for Quinoline Synthesis
Authors: Avudaiappan G. , Unnikrishnan V. , Pillai Jisha J. , Sreekumar K.
Published: May 2019

A novel porphyrin cored amine functionalized dendritic polymer was effectively synthesized by divergent method. It was identified as an effective homogeneous organo catalyst for the synthesis of quinoline derivatives, from aromatic aldehyde, aromatic amine and malononitrile. The reaction was completed within one hour with high yield (87% ‐ 93%) in 2:1 ratio of water and ethanol medium at 60 °C. Porphyrin cored dendritic polymer has a number of amino groups on its surface; hence it acts as a very good base catalyst. Separation and reuse of the catalyst from the product was easy due to its water soluble nature. This is the first reported synthesis of Quinoline derivatives using dendritic polymer as an organo catalyst.
High Efficiency FeNi‐Metal‐Organic Framework Grown In‐situ on Nickel Foam for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Wang Qiang , Liu Fengyu , Wei Congcong , Li Dandan , Guo Wenjun , Zhao Qiang
Published: May 2019

Efficient and stable electrocatalysts are important for mitigating the energy crisis. Metal‐organic frameworks have attracted increased attention as a new type of electrocatalytic material. Here, a self‐assembled three‐dimensional FeNi‐metal‐organic framework electrode was synthesized in situ on a nickel foam by a solvent‐thermal method, which is used directly in the oxygen‐evolution reaction. The internal porous structure and synergy between the Fe and Ni metals enhance OER activity. Fe introduction enhanced the Ni electron density, increased the active sites and yielded excellent electrocatalytic performance. A low peak potential that started at 1.36 V was observed. The overpotential was only 190 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, which corresponded to a small Tafel slope of 27.6 mV dec−1. The overpotential was only 223 mV at a current density of 100 mA cm−2. The stability of the electrode that was prepared in situ was improved significantly. No significant decrease in performance resulted during the 16‐h stability test.
High‐Performance Photodiode Based on Atomically Thin WSe2/MoS2 Nanoscroll Integration
Authors: Deng Wenjie , You Congya , Chen Xiaoqing , Wang Yi , Li Yufo , Feng Beibei , Shi Ke , Chen Yongfeng , Sun Ling , Zhang Yongzhe
Published: May 2019

Self‐assembled structures of 2D materials with novel physical and chemical properties, such as the good electrical and optoelectrical performance in nanoscrolls, have attracted a lot of attention. However, high photoresponse speed as well as high responsivity cannot be achieved simultaneously in the nanoscrolls. Here, a photodiode consisting of single MoS2 nanoscrolls and a p‐type WSe2 is demonstrated and shows excellent photovoltaic characteristics with a large open‐circuit voltage of 0.18 V and high current intensity. Benefiting from the heterostructure, the dark current is suppressed resulting in an increased ratio of photocurrent to dark current (two orders of magnitude higher than the single MoS2 nanoscroll device). Furthermore, it yields high responsivity of 0.3 A W−1 (corresponding high external quantum efficiency of ≈75%) and fast response time of 5 ms, simultaneously. The response speed is increased by three orders of magnitude over the single MoS2 nanoscroll device. In addition, broadband photoresponse up to near‐infrared could be achieved. This atomically thin WSe2/MoS2 nanoscroll integration not only overcomes the disadvantage of MoS2 nanoscrolls, but also demonstrates a single nanoscroll‐based heterostructure with high performance, promising its potential in the future optoelectronic applications.
Tracking Dynamic Phase Segregation in Mixed‐Halide Perovskite Single Crystals under Two‐Photon Scanning Laser Illumination
Authors: Chen Weijian , Mao Wenxin , Bach Udo , Jia Baohua , Wen Xiaoming
Published: May 2019

Photoinduced phase segregation in mixed halide perovskites has received considerable attention due to its critical roles in diminishing device performance in photovoltaic and light‐emitting applications. Here, dynamic photoinduced phase segregation and dark recovery in mixed halide perovskite single crystal microplatelets are investigated, combining depth‐resolved, temporal‐resolved, and detection‐wavelength selective spectroscopic imaging techniques. Under identical illumination, the edges and interior of microplatelets exhibit significantly different phase segregation. An intimate correlation of PL dynamics between I‐phase and Br‐phase indicates that the halide substitution is the dominant effect. In the dark, the phase‐segregated crystals reversibly recover to the stable equivalence. This work clarifies the critical role of the edge state of the microplatelets and reveals the physical mechanism of phase segregation in mixed halide perovskites, which is of crucial importance for their applications in photovoltaics and photonics.
TRPM2 participates the transformation of acute pain to chronic pain during injury‐induced neuropathic pain
Authors: Wang Hong , Song Tieying , Wang Wenli , Zhang Zaiwang
Published: May 2019

Transient receptor melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is a nonselective Ca2+‐permeable cation channel highly expressed in brain and other tissues. Studies showed that TRPM2 contributed to the induction of inflammatory cytokine and chemokine of immune cells, resulted in neuropathic pain. However, how TRPM2 regulates neuropathic pain is not clear. The sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI) rat model was used to induce chronic neuropathic pain. The RNA and protein level of TRPM2 was detected with real‐time PCR and western blot. SiRNA targeting TRPM2 was used to knockdown the expression of TRPM2. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were determined using H2DCFDA assay and NO production was analyzed by measuring the accumulated level of its stable metabolite (nitrite). We found that CCI significantly increased TRPM2 expression in dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord. Knockdown TRPM2 in early phase after CCI alleviated injury‐induced neuropathic pain. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that TRPM2 knockdown drastically inhibited the iNOS expression and NO generation, with decreased ROS generation in CCI rat. TRPM2 participates in the transformation of acute pain to chronic pain during injury‐induced neuropathic pain, which might serve as a potential therapeutic target for neuropathic pain.
Understanding the role cumulative exposure to highly qualified science teachers plays in students' educational pathways
Authors: Lee Se Woong , Mamerow Geoff
Published: May 2019

Years of experience, education level, and subject matter expertise are three measures of teacher qualification that are employed widely in contemporary educational policies including tenure, salary, and hiring, despite significant questions about their effectiveness at predicting student performance. These questions reveal a critical gap in the literature, concerning, in particular, the enduring impact of teachers' qualifications on students' educational experiences, and they ways in which related research has traditionally been framed and conducted. Specifically, studies examining these predictors have focused almost exclusively on investigating the role that an individual teacher's qualifications have on students' performance. In schools, however, students are exposed to different teachers every year, and those teachers often have differing qualifications. This study explores the impact of teacher qualification from a cumulative perspective by examining the relationship between cumulative science teachers' qualifications (measured by years of experience, education level, and subject matter expertise) and students' educational success (academic achievement, college enrollment, and decision to major in a Science, Technology, Engineering, or Mathematics field). The study found that students taught by science teachers who—as a group—were cumulatively more highly qualified, tended to have higher achievement, as well as better educational pathways and outcomes in STEM. Given that students are taught by teachers from across a broad spectrum of qualification throughout their schooling, findings from this study could have important implications, not only for research and practice, but also for education policy.
Multiarm hyperbranched polyester‐b‐Poly(ε‐caprolactone):Plasticization effect and migration resistance for PVC
Authors: Li Yanke , Yu Erlei , Yang Xiangming , Wei Zhong
Published: May 2019

A series of multiarm structure hyperbranched polyester‐b‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) (HEPCLs) with different lengths of poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) segments (s = 3, 6, 7, 8) were synthesized. Hyperbranched polyester (HE) was synthesized from glycidol and succinic anhydride and used as a macromolecular polymerization initiator for ε‐caprolactone. The HEPCLs were used as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plasticizers and the mechanical properties, thermal properties, morphology, and migration stabilities of PVC films were explored. The plasticizing efficiency increased with the increase in PCL segments, and the plasticizing efficiency of HEPCL8 exceeded that of dioctyl phthalate. Scanning electron microscopy and solid‐state 1H NMR showed that the HEPCLs possess better compatibility with PVC than HE. Moreover, HEPCLs exhibited excellent migration stability even at very harsh condition, indicating that HEPCLs can be used as no‐migration PVC plasticizers in medical products, children's toys, and food packaging. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 26:35–42, 2020. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers
Glutamate dehydrogenases in the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Trotter Pamela J. , Juco Karen , Le Ha T. , Nelson Kjersten , Tamayo Lizeth I. , Nicaud Jean‐Marc , Park Young‐Kyoung
Published: May 2019

Glutamate dehydrogenases (GDHs) are fundamental to cellular nitrogen and energy balance. Yet little is known about these enzymes in the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. The YALI0F17820g and YALI0E09603g genes, encoding potential GDH enzymes in this organism, were examined. Heterologous expression in gdh‐null Saccharomyces cerevisiae and examination of Y. lipolytica strains carrying gene deletions demonstrate that YALI0F17820g (ylGDH1) encodes a NADP‐dependent GDH whereas YALI0E09603g (ylGDH2) encodes a NAD‐dependent GDH enzyme. The activity encoded by these two genes accounts for all measurable GDH activity in Y. lipolytica. Levels of the two enzyme activities are comparable during logarithmic growth on rich medium, but the NADP‐ylGDH1p enzyme activity is most highly expressed in stationary and nitrogen starved cells by threefold to 12‐fold. Replacement of ammonia with glutamate causes a decrease in NADP‐ylGdh1p activity, whereas NAD‐ylGdh2p activity is increased. When glutamate is both carbon and nitrogen sources, the activity of NAD‐ylGDH2p becomes dominant up to 18‐fold compared with that of NADP‐ylGDH1p. Gene deletion followed by growth on different carbon and nitrogen sources shows that NADP‐ylGdh1p is required for efficient nitrogen assimilation whereas NAD‐ylGdh2p plays a role in nitrogen and carbon utilization from glutamate. Overexpression experiments demonstrate that ylGDH1 and ylGDH2 are not interchangeable. These studies provide a vital basis for future consideration of how these enzymes function to facilitate energy and nitrogen homeostasis in Y. lipolytica.
The need to engage with citizen scientists to study the rich fungal biodiversity in South Africa
Authors: Gryzenhout Marieka
Published: May 2019

Fungi are a marginal interest group for the South African public even with the recent boom in nature guides covering diverse topics. However, fungi are not a marginal group in any ecosystem on Earth, and have vital ecological functions with significant positive or negative impacts on the lives of humans. The reasons for the obscurity of fungi, are that fungi are not well-known, often negatively perceived and not well publicized. Yet strong interest exists from laymen to diverse biologists. These enthusiasts are frustrated by a lack of information and expertise. South Africa has an incredibly rich diversity of fungi but there are no active experts cataloguing and describing these fungi, especially the groups the public encounters. This is a problem also experienced by many other African countries. Planned and focused efforts including citizens will contribute to the needed stimulation, promotion and funding of research in mycology in South Africa.
The Mycology Collections Portal (MyCoPortal)
Authors: Miller Andrew N. , Bates Scott T.
Published: May 2019

The Mycology Collections Portal (MyCoPortal) was established in 2011 to offer a simple, economic solution for institutions worldwide to maintain and serve their fungal collection data online. Although the MyCoPortal functions primarily as a web portal for collections to upload their specimen metadata and images, it also provides data packaging (e.g. checklists), visualization (mapping and timelines), educational material (identification keys, quizzes) and easy access to DwC formatted data sets as downloadable csv files. The MyCoPortal currently serves over 3.6M records from 84 institutions worldwide.
fungifromindia: the first online initiative to document fungi from India
Authors: Ranadive Kiran , Jagtap Neeta , Khare Harshavardhan
Published: May 2019

The first on-line fungal website from India has been launched with seven databases of Indian fungi containing 7528 specimen records representing 384 families, 1385 genera, and 5906 species. Every species has been given a unique identity number that can be cited in any publication. Every record in this database has the name checked in MycoBank, and will be linked to other fungal databases throughout the World. This is also the first Indian initiative towards the international documentation of the country’s biodiversity.
Promoting teaching and research on African fungi by field schools on tropical mycology in Benin
Authors: Piepenbring Meike , Yorou Nourou S.
Published: May 2019

In 2015, 2016, and 2017, three international field schools on tropical mycology were realized in Benin by the University of Parakou, Benin, in collaboration with the University of Frankfurt, Germany. A total of 69 participants from 14 countries of tropical Africa and three different countries of Europe included 61 student participants from Africa and Germany as well as eight African and international teachers. By demonstrations and collecting fungi in the field, light microscopic analysis of the specimens collected, literature analysis, checklist work, and seminars, knowledge on fungal diversity, systematics, morphology, and ecology was shared and generated. Through joint field and laboratory activities, participants were motivated to pursue studies in mycology in order to contribute not only to general knowledge on tropical fungi, but also promote sustainable management of fungi in forestry, agriculture, and the environment, as well as to use fungi for food, medicine, and other applications.
Correlators on non-supersymmetric Wilson line in $$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$ SYM and AdS2/CFT1
Authors: Beccaria Matteo , Giombi Simone , Tseytlin Arkady A.
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Correlators of local operators inserted on a straight or circular Wilson loop in a conformal gauge theory have the structure of a one-dimensional “defect” CFT. As was shown in arXiv:1706.00756, in the case of supersymmetric Wilson-Maldacena loop in

$$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$

N
=
4

SYM one can compute the leading strong-coupling contributions to 4-point correlators of the simplest “protected” operators by starting with the AdS5 × S
5 string action expanded near the AdS2 minimal surface and evaluating the corresponding tree-level AdS2 Witten diagrams. Here we perform the analogous computations in the non-supersymmetric case of the standard Wilson loop with no coupling to the scalars. The corresponding non-supersymmetric “defect” CFT1 should have an unbroken SO(6) global symmetry. The elementary bosonic operators (6 SYM scalars and 3 components of the SYM field strength) are dual respectively to the S
5 embedding coordinates and AdS5 coordinates transverse to the minimal surface ending on the line at the boundary. The SO(6) symmetry is preserved on the string side provided the 5-sphere coordinates satisfy Neumann boundary conditions (as opposed to Dirichlet in the supersymmetric case); this implies that one should integrate over the S
5 expansion point. The massless S
5 fluctuations then have logarithmic propagator, corresponding to the boundary scalar operator having dimension

$$ \Delta =\frac{5}{\sqrt{\lambda }}+\dots $$

Δ
=

5

λ

+
…

at strong coupling. The resulting functions of 1d cross-ratio appearing in the 4-point functions turn out to have a more complicated structure than in the supersymmetric case, involving polylog (Li3 and Li2) functions. We also discuss consistency with the operator product expansion which allows extracting the leading strong coupling corrections to the anomalous dimensions of the operators appearing in the intermediate channels.
Scattering equations and a new factorization for amplitudes. Part II. Effective field theories
Authors: Gomez Humberto , Helset Andreas
Published: May 2019

Abstract

We continue the program of extending the scattering equation framework by Cachazo, He and Yuan to a double-cover prescription. We discuss how to apply the double-cover formalism to effective field theories, with a special focus on the non-linear sigma model. A defining characteristic of the double-cover formulation is the emergence of new factorization relations. We present several factorization relations, along with a novel recursion relation. Using the recursion relation and a new prescription for the integrand, any non-linear sigma model amplitude can be expressed in terms of off-shell three-point amplitudes. The resulting expression is purely algebraic, and we do not have to solve any scattering equation. We also discuss soft limits, boundary terms in BCFW recursion, and application of the double-cover prescription to other effective field theories, like the special Galileon theory.
Naturalness sum rules and their collider tests
Authors: Csáki Csaba , De Freitas Felipe Ferreira , Huang Li , Ma Teng , Perelstein Maxim , Shu Jing
Published: May 2019

Abstract

We present the most general sum rules reflecting the cancellation of ultraviolet divergences in the Higgs potential, which provide necessary conditions for any weakly-coupled extension of the Standard Model to be natural. There is a separate sum rule for the cancellation of the quadratic and logarithmic divergences, and their forms depend on whether the divergences are canceled by same-spin or opposite-spin partners. These sum rules can be applied to mass eigenstates and conveniently used for direct collider tests of naturalness. We study in detail the feasibility of testing these sum rules in the top sector at a future 100 TeV proton collider within two benchmark models, the Little Higgs (LH) and the Maximally Symmetric Composite Higgs (MSCH). We show how the two ingredients of the sum rules, the top partner masses and their Yukawa couplings to the Higgs, can be measured with sufficient accuracy to provide a highly non-trivial quantitative test of the sum rules. In particular, we study observables sensitive to the sign of the top partner Yukawa, which is crucial for verifying the sum rules but is notoriously difficult to measure. We demonstrate that in the benchmark models under study, a statistically significant discrimination between the two possible signs of each Yukawa will be feasible with a 30 ab−1 data set at 100 TeV.
Critical phenomena of Born-Infeld-de Sitter black holes in cavities
Authors: Simovic Fil , Mann Robert B.
Published: May 2019

Abstract

We examine the thermodynamic behaviour of charged, asymptotically de Sitter black holes embedded in a finite-radius isothermal cavity, with a Born-Infeld gauge field replacing the ordinary Maxwell field. We find that the non-linearities of Born-Infeld theory lead to the presence of reentrant phase transitions in the canonical ensemble, whose existence and character are determined by the maximal electric field strength of the theory. We also examine the phase structure in the grand canonical ensemble, and demonstrate the presence of a new reentrant phase transition from radiation, to an intermediate size black hole, and back to radiation.
Bilateral Risk‐Reducing Mastectomies with Implant‐Based Reconstructions Followed Long Term: A Consecutive Series of 185 Patients
Authors: Isaksson Karin , Arver Brita , Bottai Matteo , Pettersson Andreas , Wickman Marie , Sandelin Kerstin
Published: May 2019

Background

Bilateral risk‐reducing mastectomy (BRRM) is the most effective method to prevent breast cancer in genetically predisposed women and is often performed concomitantly with breast reconstruction. The reconstruction time varies and corrective surgeries are common.

Methods

This study evaluated 185 consecutive cases of BRRM and immediate breast reconstruction with implants with regard to surgical outcome and resource consumption. With an 18‐year observation period, it was possible to compare permanent expander implants (PEIs) with permanent fixed volume implants (PIs).

Results

A minimum follow‐up of 2 years for all participants but one was achieved. Seventy‐five percent (n = 138) of the women received PEI and 25% (n = 47) PI. In a multivariate analysis including age, BMI (<25, ≥25), smoking (yes, no), implant type (PEI, PI), incision technique, operation time and specimen weight <350 g, ≥350 g), only BMI ≥25 was associated with an increased risk of an early complication (OR 7.1, 95% CI 2.44–20.4). As expected, there was a significant difference in median reconstruction time between PEI and PI (12.4 vs. 1.0 months, p < 0.001). The cumulative reoperation‐free 2‐year survival was significantly higher in the PI than in the PEI group (81% vs. 26%, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Implant‐based reconstruction remains a valid option after BRRM in high‐risk women. Whenever possible (low BMI and small breast volume without severe ptosis), permanent fixed volume implants can be safely recommended and are resource saving in comparison with permanent expander implants.
Evaluation of elbow function following bipolar latissimus dorsi flap in late partial brachial plexus injury: A case report
Authors: Saleh Ruksal , Paturusi Idrus , Sakti Muhammad , Pasallo Padlan , Maulidiah Qariah , Guatama Astrawinata
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT

The goals of the treatment of brachial plexus palsies or traumatic loss of upper extremity function are including hand reanimation, protective hand sensation, shoulder stability, and elbow function as the first priority in upper extremity reconstruction. One method that has been developed to solve this problem is bipolar transfer of the latissimus dorsi muscle. We present a case of 37-years-old male with late case of partial brachial plexus injury treated with bipolar latissimus dorsi flap. Aim for this research is to report a long term satisfying elbow and shoulder clinical function outcome after performed bipolar latissimus dorsi muscle transfer. Seven years post-surgical follow up showed active shoulder abduction at 180°, active shoulder external rotation at 45°, active shoulder forward flexion at 90°, extend shoulder until 20°, active elbow flexion at 120°, active elbow extension until 0°. Elbow flexion strength was measured using the MRC grading system-with elbow flexed at 90o-was M5.

We concluded that bipolar latissimus dorsi muscle flap provides a good outcome in elbow reanimation following late brachial plexus injury. Preoperative donor muscle strength evaluation will predict satisfactory postoperative result.

Highlights:
All That Glitters Is Not Plumbate: Diffusion and Imitation of Plumbate Pottery during the Early Postclassic Period (AD 900–1200) at the Malpaís of Zacapu, Michoacán, Mexico
Authors: Jadot Elsa , Pereira Grégory , Neff Hector , Glascock Michael D.
Published: May 2019

In Mesoamerica, the Early Postclassic (AD 900–1200) is characterized by the long-distance circulation of pottery with a very hard and shiny coating with a metallic aspect, known as Plumbate ware. Plumbate is linked stylistically to the Toltec culture but was produced in workshops in Soconusco (Chiapas). The discovery of a similar collection of sherds during recent work at the site of El Palacio (Zacapu, Michoacán) shows that Plumbate ware also reached this region of Western Mexico. We carried out instrumental neutron activation analyses (INAA) on 11 of the Zacapu fragments and compared the results to the data from ceramic pastes from the region of Soconusco and Pátzcuaro Basin (Michoacán). Ten sherds were produced in Michoacán and are thus a local imitation, whereas the last fragment corresponds to a Tohil-type Plumbate paste and was transported over a long distance. This raises questions of the modalities for the circulation of this pot and the conditions allowing for production of an imitation (transfer of technical know-how?), which we suggest is linked to the Toltec culture in the center of Mexico.
Miracles and the Laws of Nature
Authors: Larmer Robert A.
Published: May 2019

In discussing the relation between miracles and the laws of nature, it is important to make clear what one means when one employs the terms “miracle” and “law of nature”. This is essential, since both terms may be used in a number of different ways. I wish to begin, therefore, by briefly indicating how I shall use these terms. I shall then be in a position t o discuss the relation between these particular concepts of miracles and the laws of nature.
Social Issues and Moral Scrutiny: Cragg and Narveson
Authors: Bickenbach Jerome E.
Published: May 2019

For several years philosophy departments across this continent have offered undergraduate philosophy courses designed to acquaint students with philosophical techniques and fundamental ethical theories in the context of concrete moral problems. These “applied ethics” courses go by various names: “Contemporary Moral Issues”, “Practical Ethics”, “Social Ethics”, “Issues in Applied Ethics”, “Current Moral and Legal Problems”, “Moral Philosophy and Medicine”, “Biomedical Ethics”, and so on. I have taught several versions of applied ethics courses many times and have always enjoyed them. Typically they are popular courses, drawing students from many disciplines and backgrounds, most of whom have never taken philosophy before. The range of possible “applied ethics” topics available is limited only by the instructor's imagination, although there is a fascination for the thanatological—hence the pride of place usually given to discussions of abortion, suicide, euthanasia, world starvation, war, and capital punishment.
Fractional powers of operators defined on a Fréchet space
Authors: Lamb W.
Published: May 2019

The problem of finding a suitable representation for a fractional power of an operator defined in a Banach space X has, in recent years, attracted much attention. In particular, Balakrishnan [1], Hovel and Westphal [3] and Komatsu [4] have examined the problem of defining the fractionalpower (–A)α for closed densely-defined operators A such that
An easier enumeration of self-complementary graphs
Authors: Clapham C. R. J.
Published: May 2019

The number of self-complementary (s.c.) graphs and digraphs with a given number of vertices was found by R. C. Read in [1]. That paper used a special case of De Bruijn's generalisation of Polya's theorem that involved the cycle-index of Gn, the group of permutations of pairs of vertices induced by permutations of the vertices. We obtain Read's formulae by using only well-known elementary facts about s.c. graphs and their complementing permutations.
Growth estimates in linear elasticity with a sublinear body force without definiteness conditions on the elasticities
Authors: Franchi Franca
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we study the boundary-initial value problem for a linear elastic body ina bounded domain, when the body force depends on the displacement vector u in asublinear way.

Recently, much attention has been given to nonlinear body forces not only to studythe fundamental solutions of the equations governing linear elastodynamics, see e.g.Kecs [3], but also to derive global non existence results in abstract problems with directapplications to nonlinear heat diffusion or to the nonlinear wave equation, see e.g. Ball[1], Levine and Payne [10].
ON REPRESENTATIONS OF SYMMETRIC LEIBNIZ ALGEBRAS
Authors: BENAYADI SAÏD
Published: May 2019

We give a new and useful approach to study the representations of symmetric Leibniz algebras. Using this approach, we obtain some results on the representations of these algebras.
The Political Role of Hungary's Nineteenth-Century Conservatives and how they saw themselves
Authors: Dénes Iván Zoltán
Published: May 2019

Around the middle of the nineteenth century, the Hungarian conservatives made a number of attempts decisively to influence the course of events in the Austrian empire and in the kingdom of Hungary, but failed on each occasion. What exactly had they wanted, and why did they fail to achieve it? How did they try to appear to others, and how did they see themselves? What political identity, if any, did they have? Was there anything special about the way their political activity and their perception of themselves bore on one another as compared to other nineteenth-century conservatives? What follows is an attempt to give answers to these questions.
The United States and the Status of Jerusalem 1947–1984
Authors: Slonim Shlomo
Published: May 2019

The United States has been involved in the question of Jerusalem ever since the American government assumed a major role in promoting adoption of the Palestine Partition Resolution at the United Nations in 1947. The continuing centrality of the Jerusalem issue in the Arab-Israeli dispute is attested to by the references to Jerusalem in the 1982 Reagan Plan for Peace in the Middle East. Even more significant is the fact that although the Jerusalem issue did not figure in the text of the 1978 Camp David Agreements, it was the subject of three separate letters appended to the Agreements by Prime Minister Begin, President Sadat and President Carter. In fact, it is no secret that the Camp David Talks nearly foundered at the last minute over the Jerusalem question. Moreover, it is noteworthy that the United States, which signed the Agreements simply as a witness and not as a party, found it necessary and proper to publicly define its position on the issue of Jerusalem. On no other issue did the American government feel compelled to put forth an official independent viewpoint in the final documents.
Trypanosoma cruzi: continuous cultivation with murine cell lines
Authors: Hudson L. , Snary D. , Morgan Sara-Jane
Published: May 2019

Y strain parasites (Wellcome stock) were cloned as epimastigotes by limiting dilution and one clone, Wel Tryp A2 was used to infect cell cultures and irradiated mice. The fibrosarcoma line, M4, was susceptible to infection with Wel Tryp A2 trypomastigotes but, after the first round of intracellular infection, proliferation and differentiation, failed to support parasite growth in long-term continuous culture. In contrast, a muscle-derived cell line, S2, produced regular waves of extracellular trypomastigotes and amastigotes during 80 days of continuous culture reported here. These infected S2 cultures have remained in continuous culture for up to 18 months over a 5-year period and have yielded in excess of 108parasites/20 ml culture at 4–6 day intervals. Extracellular amastigotes produced in these cultures have a close morphological, immunological and biochemical analogy to intracellular parasites derived from rodents, and have maintained an absolute dependence on host cells for their growth and proliferation. These amastigotes produced low-grade chronic infections in normal CBA/T6 mice but produced acute, fatal infections with high parasitaemia in mice of the same inbred strain given 900 rad. whole-body irradiation prior to infection. Although present findings relate to a single parasite clone, the parent stock from which the clone was derived showed similar growth characteristics when co-cultured with S2 cells.
Mucosal surface lesions in young protein-deficient pigs infected with Ascaris suum (Nematoda)
Authors: Martin Jean , Crompton D. W. T. , Carrera E. , Nesheim M. C.
Published: May 2019

The morphology of the mucosal surface of samples from the small intestine of young protein-deficient pigs was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Three pigs had been infected with Ascaris suum for at least 58 days while 1 had remained uninfected; all pigs were housed and maintained under the same conditions, at the same time. The tissue samples collected at post mortem examination from pigs which contained A. suum showed varying degrees of villous atrophy and fusion. In addition, unusual small craters and as yet unidentified objects were observed at the surfaces of the enterocytes of Ascaris-infected pigs. These changes in mucosal morphology were not seen in the tissue taken from the uninfected pig. The possible association between the mucosal lesions and lactose maldigestion in young, protein-deficient pigs infeceted with A. suum is discussed.
The occurrence of antibodies to hidden and exposed determinants of surface antigens ofTrichinella spiralis
Authors: Ortega-Pierres Guadalupe , Chayen Ann , Clark N. W. T. , Parkhouse R. M. E.
Published: May 2019

Mice were infected per os withTrichinella spiralisand their lymphocytes were removed and fused with mouse myeloma cell line P3 × 63Ag8653P3 for the selection of monoclonal antibodies to biochemically defined, stage-specific surface antigens of 3 parasite developmental stages: muscle larvae, adults and newborn larvae. Two separate antibodies against a defined single surface antigen of each stage were isolated. In each separate case the pair of monoclonal antibodies precipitated the same component from detergent-solubilized surface antigen preparations, but only one was able to bind to the surface of the living worm. The other must therefore be directed against an antigenic epitope which is obscured in the intact worm surface. The latter type of antibody is unlikely to be involved in the initial phase of parasite rejection and hence is another example of a non-protective host antibody response. The stimulus for its synthesis may be release of surface antigen, which does occurin vitro. One surface antigen of the newborn larvae is only detected by antibody in the first 6 h after birth; thereafter its presence is obscured as other antigens appear. The major surface antigen of the infective larvae contains carbohydrate determinants which are not available at the parasite surface. In addition, it displays great molecular heterogeneity but all variants appear to be derived from a common polypeptide structure.
Effect of Three Weed Control Regimes on No-Till and Tilled Soybeans (Glycine max)
Authors: Robinson Edward L. , Langdale George W. , Stuedemann John A.
Published: May 2019

Postemergence applications or a combination of preemergence and postemergence treatments in double cropped soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Ransom’] resulted in higher soybean yields than preemergence applications. Preemergence-treated plots were 98% weed free early in the growing season; however, weeds emerged later and reduced yields. Weeds had to be controlled in soybeans for 90% of the growing season to avoid yield loss. Soybean yields were higher under no-till than conventionally tilled management in two of three years and tended to be higher during the third year. Distribution and timing of rainfall were more important in determining soybean yield than the total amount received during the growing season.
Toxicity and Translocation of Sethoxydim in Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) as Affected by Environment
Authors: Wills Gene D.
Published: May 2019

Toxicity and translocation of nonradiolabeled and translocation of14C-labeled sethoxydim {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)-butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)-propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one} in common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers. ♯3CYNDA] were evaluated for foliar treated plants grown 2 or 4 days under controlled environmental conditions. Nonradiolabel treated plants were further grown in the greenhouse for the remainder of 3 weeks. Shoot injury of intact plants was greatest (90%) and regrowth of plants clipped after 2 days treatment each was least (< 5%) at 35 C and 100% RH. At 35 C and 40% RH and at 18 C (40 and 100% RH), shoot injuries were 60 to 68%, regrowth in lengths were 82 to 87%, and in fresh weights were 55 to 74%, respectively. After 2 days treatment, absorption of14C-activity was greatest (70%) at 35 C and 100% RH, moderate (56%) at 35 C and 40% RH, and least (33 to 43%) at 18 C and 40 and 100% RH, respectively. At 35 C, translocation was approximately 4 fold greater at 100% and 2 fold greater at 40% RH than at 18 C at either RH. Autoradiography indicated the greatest distribution of the radiolabel at 35 C.
Interception and Retention of Atrazine by Wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) Stubble
Authors: Ghadiri Hossein , Shea Patrick J. , Wicks Gail A.
Published: May 2019

Atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] retention by standing and flat wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) stubble was determined over time. Immediately following an application of 1.7 kg/ha atrazine, approximately 60% of the herbicide had been intercepted by the stubble and 40% was found in the underlying soil. After 3 weeks and 50 mm of rainfall, atrazine on standing and flat stubble had decreased by 90 and 63%, respectively, while atrazine in the soil increased nearly twofold. No atrazine was found in stubble 9 weeks after application, and only 17% of that originally applied remained in the upper 4 cm of the soil. Successive alternate-day applications of 12.5, 25, or 50 mm water on14C-atrazine retention by stubble was determined. Atrazine loss from stubble was greatest during the first water application, but there was no linear relationship between water application rate and retention of the herbicide. Atrazine loss from stubble decreased significantly following the second water application in all treatments. The amount of water applied did not influence atrazine loss following the third washing. Subsequent loss after the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh washings was not significant at any water application volume. After the seventh washing, atrazine residues were greatest on stubble which had received the least amount of water.