bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Swine carcasses classified by degree of exudation and marbling content
Authors: Bertol Teresinha Marisa , Coldebella Arlei , Santos Filho Jonas Irineu dos , Guidoni Antonio Lourenço
Published: April 2017

Abstract: The objective of this work was to develop and evaluate prediction equations, based on measurements obtained on the slaughter line, for carcass classification according to the degree of exudation and the content of marbling. A total of 747 pig carcasses originated from 27 producers were randomly selected on the slaughter line at two slaughterhouses, constituting representative samples from each one. Hot carcass weight, loin depth, back fat thickness, and pH and temperature 45 min after slaughter were used to generate the equations. The carcasses were classified as normal or exudative for drip loss of loin and ham, and as acceptable or undesirable for marbling content. For drip loss of loin and ham, respectively, the overall correct classification of the carcasses was 87.3 and 76.8%, using the discriminant functions, for both categories. For marbling, the overall correct classification was 67.2%, and only 69% of the carcasses were correctly classified as acceptable (marbling >1). The equations developed based on the measurements obtained on the slaughter line allow classifying swine carcasses with high accuracy, according to the degree of exudation, but not with the content of marbling.
Susceptibility of Atta sexdens worker ants treated with the immunosuppressant Sandimmun Neoral to Metarhizium anisopliae
Authors: Dornelas Aline Silvestre Pereira , Sarmento Renato de Almeida , Pedro-Neto Marçal , Silva Daniella Gonçalves da , Santos Gil Rodrigues dos , Nascimento Mariela Otoni do , Oliveira Cléia Almeida , Souza Danival José de
Published: April 2017

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate if the immunosuppressant Sandimmun Neoral enhances the activity of Metarhizium anisopliae against the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens. The vulnerability to the pathogen was measured by comparing the mortality rate of worker ants subjected to the following treatments: immunosuppressant+control, immunosuppressant+M. anisopliae, excipient+control, excipient+M. anisopliae, control+M. anisopliae, and control. Worker ants treated with immunosuppressant+M. anisopliae showed the highest mortality rate in comparison with those subjected to all other treatments. The use of the immunosuppressant together with entomopathogenic fungus controlled leaf-cutting ants in laboratory conditions.
COMPETITIVE RELATIVE ABILITY OF BARLEY CULTIVARS IN INTERACTION WITH TURNIP
Authors: GALON L. , AGAZZI L.R. , NONEMACHER F. , BASSO F.J.M. , WINTER F.L. , FIABANE R.C. , ZABOT G.F. , PERIN G.F.
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT Among the weeds that cause interference with the growth and development of barley the turnip stands out, especially by the high competitive ability for the resources available in the environment. The research objective with the study was to evaluate the competitive ability of barley cultivars to live with a turnip biotype. Experiments were installed in a greenhouse, in the experimental outlining of randomized blocks designed with four repetitions. The treatments were arranged in replacement series, consisting of proportions of barley plants and turnip: 100: 0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0: 100% which was equivalent to 20: 0, 15: 5, 10:10, 5:15 and 0:20 plants per pot. The barley was represented by BRS Cauê, BRS Elis and MN 610 and the competitor by turnip. The competitive analysis was made through diagrams applied in replacement experiments, among with use of relative competitiveness indices. The leaf area (AF) and the dry mass of the aerial part (MS) were evaluated at 50 days after the emergence of the species. The results show that there was competition between barley varieties with the turnip with mutual damage to the species involved in the community. Turnip negatively modified the AF and the MS of BRS Cauê, MN 610 and BRS Elis demonstrating higher competitive ability for the means of the resources. The interspecific competition causes greater damage to the AF and the MS species than the intraspecific competition. Thus, the turnip control is recommended the turnip control even when present at low densities of plants infesting the barley.
GOOSEGRASS RESISTANT TO GLYPHOSATE IN BRAZIL
Authors: TAKANO H.K. , OLIVEIRA JR. R.S. , CONSTANTIN J. , BRAZ G.B.P. , GHENO E.A.
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT Several cases of herbicide resistance in goosegrass have been confirmed worldwide. Reports of control failures after glyphosate application have been observed, especially in the Midwest region of Paraná State. The objective of this study was to evaluate the existence of goosegrass populations resistant to glyphosate. For this, 25 populations collected in two consecutive seasons (2013/2014 and 2014/2015) were sown and grown in greenhouse. Glyphosate dose-response curve experiments were performed using doses of 0, 60, 120, 240, 480, 960, 1,920, 3,840, 7,680 and 15,360 g a.e. ha-1. The application stages were from two to three tillers (E1) for the populations of 2013/2014 and E1 and five to six tillers (E2) for the populations of 2014/2015. Furthermore, three of the populations supposedly considered resistant in these experiments (populations 7, 19 and 25) have had their F1 submitted to the herbicide dose-response test in order to verify whether the resistance was inheritable. With the results obtained in this study, it was concluded that the populations 19 and 25, from Campo Mourão and Luziânia (Midwest of Paraná) are the first confirmed cases of goosegrass resistant to glyphosate in Brazil (RF = 3.99 to 6.81), following all the criteria for confirmation of new weed resistance cases.
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF Cirsium arvense EXTRACTS AGAINST PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS Macrophomina phaseolina
Authors: BANARAS S. , JAVAID A. , SHOAIB A. , AHMED E.
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT Leaves, stems, roots and inflorescence of the asteraceous weed Circium arvense were extracted in methanol for two weeks. Methanol was evaporated in a rotary evaporator. Different concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5%) of methanolic extracts were prepared, and their antifungal activities were studied against Macrophomina phaseolina, using malt extract broth as growth medium. In general, extracts of all plant parts showed antifungal activities to variable extents. The highest antifungal activity occurred due to methanolic extract of leaves, followed by stem and root extracts, resulting in 10-74%, 6-57% and 11-39% reduction in fungal biomass over control, respectively. Inflorescence extract showed the least antifungal activity, resulting in 2-30% reduction in fungal biomass over control. There was a linear and inverse relationship between extract concentrations and fungal biomass for extracts of all the four parts. GC-MS analysis showed that there were 10 compounds in most effective methanolic leaf extract. Among these, 10-octadecanoic acid, methyl ester (26.442%), 2H-1-benzopyran, 6,7-dimethoxy-2-2-dimethyl (20.195%), hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (15.752%) and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, methyl ester (12.628%) were predominant compounds in the extract that may be responsible for antifungal activity. This study concludes that methanolic leaf extracts of C. arvense can be used for the management of M. phaseolina.
ASSESSMENT OF JEDDAH PARKS HEALTH STATUS BY Cyperus rotundus AND SOIL ANALYSIS UNDER WASTE WATER IRRIGATION
Authors: EL-NAKHLAWY F.S. , AL-SHAREEF A.R. , IHSAN M.Z.
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT To investigate the health status of public parks in Jeddah city, a field survey was conducted based on the Cyperus rotundus weed and soil analysis of wastewater-irrigated parks during 2012. The city was divided into five different locations (North, South, East, West and Middle) and five parks were randomly sampled from each location; thus, the total number of sampled parks were twenty five. Toxic metals concentration were analyzed in the soil and in the plants while bacterial count was determined from the weed leaves. All studied toxic metals have significantly crossed the European Union safety limits for plant samples, while soil samples were just beyond the limit. The highest concentration was perceived for Lead (133-232 mg kg-1) and was followed by Chromium (80-141 mg kg-1). The microbial analysis of one gram leaf sample of C. rotundus demonstrated a maximum bacterial count of 45,955 cfu g-1, number of total E. coli form 34 and fecal coli form 8.65 at South and East Jeddah locations. These locations have also produced the highest concentration of toxic metals for both plant and soil samples. In crux, C. rotundus weeds may serve as an indicator of parks health by toxic metals and bacterial analysis that may infect the visitors, especially children's playing on it.
A ciência a serviço da saúde humana e ambiental: entrevista com o químico, geneticista e ambientalista Flávio Lewgoy
Authors: Lewgoy Flávio , Pereira Elenita Malta
Published: April 2017

Resumo Entrevista com o químico e geneticista Flávio Lewgoy, que também foi perito criminalístico e ambientalista. Lewgoy protagonizou importantes lutas pela saúde humana e pela qualidade ambiental no Rio Grande do Sul. Foi um dos responsáveis pela redação das leis estadual (1982) e federal (1989) dos agrotóxicos. Ele acreditava possuir o dever de usar os conhecimentos científicos para sustentar suas posições na militância ambiental e percebia esta atuação como um compromisso ético, uma retribuição à sociedade, por sua formação, realizada em instituições públicas.
O lugar do ensino de filosofia no ensino médio técnico do Instituto Federal do Paraná
Authors: Vandresen Daniel Salésio , Gelamo Rodrigo Pelloso
Published: April 2017

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre o lugar do ensino de filosofia no ensino médio técnico do Instituto Federal do Paraná (IFPR). A partir da perspectiva teórica foucaultiana, este estudo pretende contribuir para o debate sobre o ensino de filosofia promovendo duas problematizações: primeiro, como uma atitude crítica da subjetividade exigida na educação tecnológica, confrontando a construção de uma subjetividade assujeitada ao modelo do capital humano com uma subjetividade que se constitui a si mesmo; segundo, identificar o pensar filosófico como uma téchne autêntica, o que permite pensar outra experiência com a técnica, rompendo com a objetividade da técnica moderna. Resgatando os conceitos da téchne grega e da Aufklärung moderna, busca-se apresentar que um dos papéis importantes da filosofia no ensino técnico seja o de possibilitar a experiência singular do cuidado de si. Desse modo, pensamos o lugar do ensino de filosofia como um espaço de experiência: onde devemos questionar a técnica (como convida Heidegger) e cuidar de nós mesmos (como aponta Foucault).
Impaired pulmonary function after treatment for tuberculosis: the end of the disease?
Authors: Chushkin Mikhail Ivanovich , Ots Oleg Nikolayevich
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of pulmonary function abnormalities and to investigate the factors affecting lung function in patients treated for pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: A total of 214 consecutive patients (132 men and 82 women; 20-82 years of age), treated for pulmonary tuberculosis and followed at a local dispensary, underwent spirometry and plethysmography at least one year after treatment. Results: Pulmonary impairment was present in 102 (47.7%) of the 214 patients evaluated. The most common functional alteration was obstructive lung disease (seen in 34.6%). Of the 214 patients, 60 (28.0%) showed reduced pulmonary function (FEV1 below the lower limit of normal). Risk factors for reduced pulmonary function were having had culture-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in the past, being over 50 years of age, having recurrent tuberculosis, and having a lower level of education. Conclusions: Nearly half of all tuberculosis patients evolve to impaired pulmonary function. That underscores the need for pulmonary function testing after the end of treatment.
Diaphragmatic mobility: relationship with lung function, respiratory muscle strength, dyspnea, and physical activity in daily life in patients with COPD
Authors: Rocha Flávia Roberta , Brüggemann Ana Karla Vieira , Francisco Davi de Souza , Medeiros Caroline Semprebom de , Rosal Danielle , Paulin Elaine
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate diaphragmatic mobility in relation to lung function, respiratory muscle strength, dyspnea, and physical activity in daily life (PADL) in patients with COPD. Methods: We included 25 patients with COPD, classified according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease criteria, and 25 healthy individuals. For all of the participants, the following were evaluated: anthropometric variables, spirometric parameters, respiratory muscle strength, diaphragmatic mobility (by X-ray), PADL, and the perception of dyspnea. Results: In the COPD group, diaphragmatic mobility was found to correlate with lung function variables, inspiratory muscle strength, and the perception of dyspnea, whereas it did not correlate with expiratory muscle strength or PADL. Conclusions: In patients with COPD, diaphragmatic mobility seems to be associated with airway obstruction and lung hyperinflation, as well as with ventilatory capacity and the perception of dyspnea, although not with PADL.
Discourses of healthcare professionals about health surveillance actions for Tuberculosis control
Authors: Mitano Fernando , Sicsú Amélia Nunes , Sousa Luciana de Oliveira , Silva Laís Mara Caetano da , Palha Pedro Fredemir
Published: April 2017

Abstract OBJECTIVE To analyze the meanings produced in the Health Surveillance actions for tuberculosis control, carried out by healthcare professionals in Mozambique. METHOD Qualitative study using the theoretical and methodological framework of the French Discourse Analysis. RESULTS A total of 15 healthcare professionals with more than one year of experience in disease control actions participated in the study. Four discursive blocks have emerged from the analysis: tuberculosis diagnosis process; meeting, communication and discussion of treatment; local strategies for tuberculosis control; involvement of family and community leaders in the tuberculosis control. CONCLUSION The statements of the healthcare professionals suggest, as Health Surveillance actions, practices that include collecting sputum in the patient's home and sending it to the laboratory; deployment of the medical team with a microscope for tuberculosis testing; and testing for diseases that may be associated with tuberculosis. In this context, the actions of Health Surveillance for tuberculosis control involve valuing all actors: family, community leaders, patients and health professionals.
Technical and economic evaluation of energy production from wind in Istanbul and surrounds
Authors: Vardar Ali , Taşkin Onur
Published: April 2017

Istanbul is located in the northwest part of Turkey and has the greatest population of any city in the country. Istanbul and its surroundings were researched for wind potential. Energy production from wind was evaluated technically and economically in this study. Çorlu, Kumköy and Şile sites were examined. Other sites in the same region (Göztepe, Kireçburnu, Bahçeköy, Florya and Kartal) were also evaluated but the results were not satisfactory, and for this reason, these sites were not examined in this study. When we checked daily, monthly and yearly wind speed values and frequency distributions, the wind energy potential of Çorlu, Kumköy and Şile were greater than other sites. Çorlu, Kumköy and especially Şile’s wind speed data are statistically decreasing. A Nordex N117 91m hub height wind turbine can produce 6099 MWh in Çorlu, 6459 MWh in Şile, 7265 MWh in Kumköy. A Nordex N117 140 m hub height wind turbine can produce 6471 MWh in Çorlu, 7439 MWh in Şile and 8175 MWh in Kumköy. The energy costs were calculated by the average of 36 years of wind measurement data using Nordex N117 turbines. Energy costs with Nordex N117 91 m and 140 m hub height in Çorlu, Şile and Kumköy are 0.025-0,027 US$/KWh, 0.022-0,025 US$/KWh, 0.020-0,023 US$/KWh, respectively.
Does Studying in a Strong School Guarantee Good College Performance?
Authors: Popova Evgeniya , Sheina Marina
Published: April 2017

The paper tests the hypothesis about better academic performance of graduates from stronger high schools and the nature of correlations between college students’ achievements and their high school performance (whether they performed on average better or worse than their peers) with due regard for school characteristics. Regression analysis is used to measure the relationship between college performance and USE (Unified State Exam) scores, the type of high school, and high school performance (while controlling for individual student characteristics), as well as the fact of receiving regional Governor’s scholarship in addition to student allowance. The sample includes 313 first-year Economics and Management students admitted to National Research University Higher School of Economics (Perm) in 2012 and 2013. Cumulative first-year GPA is used as an indicator of academic performance. As it turns out, graduating from an advanced high school or from a school with high average USE scores in mathematics provides no guarantee of better educational outcomes for firstyear students. High school performance correlates positively with academic achievements in college, the degree of relationship depending on school characteristics. Educational outcomes of students who performed better than average in low-performing schools can be explained by the high level of  ntrinsic motivation typical of academically successful students. Therefore, ignoring the information on college performance of graduates from low-performing schools may lead to underestimating their academic achievement. The fact of receiving a Governor’s scholarship proves to be a significant performance factor for Management students only.
Academic Rankings — Where Are They Heading?
Authors: Siwinski Waldemar
Published: April 2017

The global ranking system is in a state of violent transformation. We can already see the emerging contours of a new ranking system with the four distinguished elements: regional systems, customer-centered systems, multi-league systems, discipline-based systems. To reflect regional characteristics, including language, culture, global ranking systems should become regional ranking systems. To satisfy readers’ different expectations towards rankings, ranker-centered systems should become customer-centered  ystems. To reflect different institutional missions; size, locations, current unified ranking systems, they should become multiple ranking systems. Institutional ranking systems should become discipline-based ranking systems in order to reflect disciplinary differences. One of the most significant directions of changes in rankings is a search for a way to include in the international rankings other missions than research; especially important here are such aspects as excellence in teaching and the so called third mission or the university’s social mission.
Chosen aspects of the shadow economy in the world and in Slovakia
Authors: Kramarova Katarina , Gajanova Lubica , Gregova Elena
Published: April 2017

The presented paper deals with chosen aspects of the shadow economy in the world and in Slovakia. The shadow economy is a worldwide phenomenon and shadow-economic activities may generate different effects and problems. It is generally known that it involves legal or illegal economic activities of any economic entity, which are performed outside the reach and control of government authorities. The aim of the article is to present chosen information on the shadow economy from the global aspect, subsequently to describe and analyse shadow-economic activities that are typical for the Slovak economy. In the context of the paper’s aim, the authors divided the paper in two main parts. The introduction part is devoted to the theoretical aspects of the discussed issue with emphasize on defining of the shadow economy and determining main aspects that are analysed in connection with the shadow economy. In the second part, the authors mainly deal with the issue of measuring of the shadow economy. In this part, inter alia, the authors present chosen information on the shadow economy from the global perspective by summarizing already existing findings. An important part of this section constitutes findings of different analyses of the shadow economy and shadow-economic activities in Slovakia. The authors present findings from already existing analyses as well as their own findings to get a comprehensive view on the discussed issue. Based on the findings, in the last part, authors will present proposals how to solve and fight against shadow-economic activities.
Keywords: causes of the shadow economy, definition of the shadow economy, shadow economy, size of the shadow economy, Slovakia
The effect of the meaningfulness of work on job satisfaction, job stress and intention to leave
Authors: Keles Hatice Necla , Findikli Mine Afacan
Published: April 2017

The meaningfulness of work is defined as the importance of the purposes of work in people's view of life and attitudes. There are studies about the meaningfulness of work that describe not only its significant and positive contributions to the meaningfulness of people's lives, but also as taking pleasure in work, which has a variety of cognitive, emotional, behavioral and economic benefits. The meaningfulness of work defined as the importance of the purposes of work in people's view of life and attitudes can be connected with variables in the field of organizational behavior. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects and correlations among job satisfaction and intention to leave with a path analysis to be carried out as part of a research model for these variables. It is intended to contribute the literature by analyzing the effects and correlations among the variables with a structural equation model and to obtain data about employee behavior in organizational life. The universe of the study is comprised of employees of an insurance business in Istanbul. This study will use the following data collection tools: the "Work and Meaning Inventory" by Steger, Frazier,Oishi & Kaler (2012), the "Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire" developed by Weis and adapted to Turkish by Oran (1989), the "Intention to Leave Scale" by Wayne, Shore and Linden (1997) and “Perceived Stress Scale” developed by Cohen, Kamarck & Mermelste (1983) and adopted to Turkish by Bilge, Ögce, Genc & Oran (2007).
Keywords: meaningfulness of work, job satisfaction, intention to leave, job stress
Application controlling of claims in the logistics company
Authors: Kormanova Lucia , Majercak Peter
Published: April 2017

In the condition of the increasing complexity of the business systems and their environment is the controlling an essential basic of the success of each company. It is a phenomenon which integrates the information processing, the analysis processes, the preparation of the business plans and the control processes. Controlling is implemented into the company system by the broad range of the activities that are influencing all the sectors, departments and the levels of the management. This article is focused on the financial controlling and on the keeping the financial balance over the year. Each company knows that to be competitive and has high sales, ordinary needs to offer some kind of the trade credit to the customers. By the sales of the credit arises the difference between the cash and the bookkeeping sales. These sales are until the date of the payment from the financial aspect unfinished, thus resulting to the assets that need to be financed in a way but there is always the risk that supplier wonÂ´t pay on the time or at all. The aim of this paper is to present and to verify the complex model of the asset evaluation in the condition of the logistic company and its financial and economic consequences..

 

Keywords: financial controlling; controlling of claims; claims; working capital; logistics company;
Price Adjustments of Price-setting Factors under Sales Comparison Approach (SCA)
Authors: Cupal Martin
Published: April 2017

The sales comparison approach (SCA) usually represents the most important valuation approach. Besides this approach, there are two other performing valuation approaches at other bases. The sales comparison is a set of procedures, in which an appraiser derives a value indication by comparing the property being appraised to similar properties. Real properties vary considerably from one another, which is reflected by price-setting factors. Although price adjustments (caused by differences projected into price by the grid adjustment technique) are always ad hoc, certain relations among the price-setting factors can be detected.The research is based on evaluating price adjustments across different types of real estate. In addition, its objective is to determine the values of simultaneous relations of price adjustments for individual price-setting factors. The methodology consists of three steps. The first one clearly defines the content of individual price-setting factors and price adjustments for further analysis. The second step involves statistical analysis of an extensive appraiser database and evaluation of price adjustments. The final step uses selected statistics to compare the LRM and the SCA and interprets mutual relations.The results of the research should have practical implications for professional appraisal community and further research analyses of the SCA.

Keywords: Sales comparison approach, price-setting factor, price adjustment, real estate;
AÇÃO COLETIVA E DEFESA DE DIREITOS NAS COMUNIDADES TRADICIONAIS DE FUNDO E FECHO DE PASTO DE SALOBRO E JACURUTU, OESTE DA BAHIA
Authors: Oliveira Mirna Silva
Published: April 2017

O presente artigo analisa o lugar do direito no processo de emergência e organização política das comunidades de fecho e fundo de pasto de Jacurutu e Salobro, no Oeste da Bahia, na luta pela preservação de seus modos de vida frente as ameaças de expropriação e grilagem. Para tanto, utilizou-se como referência a teoria das arenas públicas de Daniel Cefaï e deu-se destaque à forma como os sujeitos organizaram suas experiências de contato com a grilagem; as múltiplas motivações para o engajamento, e a forma como o conflito foi se constituindo como um problema público. O estudo apontou que, por um longo tempo, a resistência das comunidades ao processo de expropriação foi sendo constituída nas relações cotidianas, impulsionada pela noção de respeito aos costumes e tendo como marca o caráter predominantemente local. A partir de 2006, com o apoio da Comissão Pastoral da Terra, do Sindicato de Trabalhadores Rurais e, mais tarde, da Associação de Advogados de Trabalhadores Rurais no Estado da Bahia, as comunidades passaram a se articular e a se inserir em espaços de publicização, organização, denúncia, negociação e reivindicação que foram se constituindo como uma arena pública e configurando o conflito como um problema público. Nesse processo, verificou-se que a noção de defesa dos direitos – seja costumeiro e/ou positivo – assumiu papel fundamental na caracterização do confronto em ambas as fases do conflito, contribuindo tanto para o engajamento dos sujeitos como para o reconhecimento do confronto como um problema público.
A DEFENSORIA PÚBLICA COMO ÓRGÃO DE EXECUÇÃO PENAL: análise de sua inserção na complexidade sistêmica da questão penitenciária, pela ótica dos defensores públicos do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Da Cunha Carolina Costa
Published: April 2017

Reconhecendo que a Questão Penitenciária se manifesta como uma complexidade, da qual participam, dentre outras, instâncias administrativas, judiciárias, legislativas e setores político-estatais de governabilidade, abordamos uma de suas dimensões, constituída no encontro das perspectivas dos direitos sociais de segurança e de acesso à justiça, nas expectativas promocionais do Estado. Analisamos, assim, a inserção da Defensoria Pública nesta configuração complexa, como órgão da execução penal (conforme alterações na Lei nº 7.210/84, produzidas pela Lei nº 12.313/10), com a responsabilidade de prestar assistência jurídica aos presos, egressos e seus familiares. Adotamos como referencial teórico as perspectivas do paradigma da complexidade, de Edgar Morin e analisamos esta nova realidade sob o ponto de vista dos defensores públicos do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, partindo de duas hipóteses de trabalho: a) ao erigir a Defensoria à condição de órgão da execução penal, o Estado buscou fortalecer os mecanismos de acesso à justiça destinado aos presos; b) o ingresso da instituição na complexidade sistêmica, nesta nova condição, tornou necessária uma reorganização, fazendo surgir, algumas potencialidades de atuação para órgão, mas também inibindo outras. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa se aproxima das estratégias do estudo de caso; na análise dos dados, trabalhamos a partir da análise textual discursiva. O estudo evidenciou que a inserção da Defensoria Pública na complexidade sistêmica da execução penal é uma realidade que vem suscitando episódios de desordem e reorganização, os quais têm culminado no fortalecimento da instituição, mas, ao mesmo tempo, algumas ações adotadas no sentido de ampliar o acesso à justiça podem estar, por efeito do princípio socioecológico da ação, limitando tal direito.
Using the Community of Inquiry Framework to Scaffold Online Tutoring
Authors: Feng Xiaoying , Xie Jingjing , Liu Yue
Published: April 2017

Tutoring involves providing learners with a suitable level of structure and guidance to support their learning. This study reports on an exploration of how to design such structure and guidance (i.e., learning scaffolds) in the Chinese online educational context, and in so doing, answer the following two questions: (a) What scaffolding strategies are needed to design online tutoring, and (b) How should different levels of scaffolding intensity be emphasized in different stages of online tutoring in such educational contexts? A model for online tutoring using the Community of Inquiry framework was developed and implemented in this study. It focused attention on both the critical role of the tutor in online learning and the importance of scaffolding in online tutoring. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to collect data, including questionnaires, interviews, and content analysis. In considering the variation of scaffolding throughout the online course, results showed that: (a) As long as a high degree of social presence is established in the initial phase, scaffolds for social presence can be withdrawn gradually throughout the course; (b) High-intensity teaching presence is much more important in the mid-phase of the course than in other phases; (c) “Discourse facilitation” should be emphasized for teaching presence in the mid-phase, while “direct instruction” scaffolding is needed in the last phase; and (d) The greatest need for scaffolding of cognitive presence occurs in the final phase of the course.
A Survey of the Collaboration Rate of Authors in the E-Learning Subject Area over a 10-Year Period (2005-2014) Using Web of Science
Authors: Mohammadi Aeen , Asadzandi Shadi , Malgard Shiva
Published: April 2017

Partnership is one of the mechanisms of scientific development, and scientific collaboration or co-authorship is considered a key element in the progress of science. This study is a survey with a scientometric approach focusing on the field of e-learning products over 10 years. In an Advanced Search of the Web of Science, the following search formula was used: TS=("m-learning" OR "mlearning" OR "mobile learning" OR "online learning" OR "virtual learning" OR "distance learning" OR "electronic learning"). The study was limited to 2005-2014, and the document type was limited to paper. A total of 4292 documents were found, to which 12362 authors contributed. The articles were evaluated individually   and their information was entered into Microsoft Office Excel 2007 for analysis using the collaborative coefficient formula. In the Computers and Education journal, articles with two authors are the most frequent. The United States, with the highest production of articles in the field of e-learning, tends to produce articles with two authors. In 2014, the most productive year, articles with three authors were more frequent. The highest collaborative coefficient is in 2005 and 2014. Our findings show that despite the need for research activities as a team, the authors in the field of e-learning tend to publish their papers alone or in a team of two.
The Effects of Lecture Diversity on Germane Load
Authors: Costley Jamie , Lange Christopher Henry
Published: April 2017

An important aspect of MOOCs is the way students interact with video lectures. Instruction provided through video lectures should focus on ways to increase germane cognitive load, which directly contributes to learning. One approach that may lead to an increase of germane load may be to use video lectures with diverse forms of media, including both auditory and visual aspects of multimedia. This study surveyed a group of students (n = 1602) who participated in MOOC-like courses in South Korea to investigate the relationship between delivery diversity and germane cognitive load. Additionally, the relationships between individual indicators of both audio and visual aspects of multimedia and germane load were examined. Results show a positive relationship between diverse media delivery (auditory, visual, and total media) and germane cognitive load. The implication of these results are important for instructors who wish to promote a better understanding of e-learning materials through the delivery of content by using diverse forms of media.
The Changing Role of the Educational Video in Higher Distance Education
Authors: Laaser Wolfram , Toloza Eduardo Adrian
Published: April 2017

The article argues that the ongoing usage of audio visual media is falling behind in terms of educational quality compared to prior achievements in the history of distance education. After reviewing some important steps and experiences of audio visual digital media development, we analyse predominant presentation formats on the Web. Special focus is put on recent development of new ways to generate graphics and to create animation sequences, as well as on the video presentation formats used in MOOCs. We conclude that the "new" features are in no way disruptive innovations in distance education and that the potential of video has not been sufficiently exploited. Adequate incentives to use these media for collaborative learning have not been provided and student-generated video content is at present just starting to be considered useful in instructional design.
The role of Exchange Traded Funds in the price discovery process of stocks listed on the Botswana Stock Exchange
Authors: Kambeu Edson
Published: April 2017

In this paper we analyse the role of Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) in the price discovery process of stocks listed at the Botswana Stock Exchange.Using daily returns data covering the period 3 January 2013 to 31 December 2015 for Beta Betta ETF and Domestic Company Indices, we utilize a VECM model to find out whether the Betta Beta ETF is playing a significant role in the price discovery process of stocks listed on the Botswana Stock Exchange. We found the error correction term to be statistically significant thereby confirming that the Beta Betta ETF is playing a significant role in the price discovery of stocks listed on the Botswana Stock Exchange.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Interscalene Block Compared with Injectable Liposomal Bupivacaine in Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Namdari Surena , Nicholson Thema , Abboud Joseph , Lazarus Mark , Steinberg Dean , Williams Gerald
Published: April 2017

Background:

Shortcomings of interscalene brachial plexus blockade include technical failure and rebound pain. Bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension, a sustained release preparation, is used for surgical-site administration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate these 2 postoperative pain management strategies in patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty.

Methods:

In a non-blinded, randomized controlled trial of participants undergoing primary shoulder arthroplasty, patients were randomized to interscalene brachial plexus blockade or intraoperative soft-tissue infiltration of bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension. The primary outcome variable was morphine equivalent units consumed over the first 24 hours postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included morphine equivalent units consumed intraoperatively and a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain at 0, 8, 16, and 24 hours.

Results:

Seventy-eight patients were randomized to interscalene brachial plexus blockade treatment (the blockade group) and 78 patients were randomized to bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension treatment (the suspension group). The mean total postoperative narcotic consumption (and standard deviation) over 24 hours after the surgical procedure was 14.8 ± 11.3 morphine equivalent units in the blockade group compared with 14.4 ± 16.8 morphine equivalent units in the suspension group (p = 0.849). Intraoperative narcotics were significantly lower (p < 0.001) in the blockade group (8.9 ± 4.1 morphine equivalent units) compared with the suspension group (16.2 ± 7.0 morphine equivalent units). The mean VAS pain score was significantly lower in the blockade group than in the suspension group at 0 hours postoperatively (0.8 ± 2.2 compared with 3.3 ± 2.7 points; p < 0.001) and at 8 hours postoperatively (1.4 ± 2.4 compared with 3.2 ± 2.2 points; p < 0.001), but it was not significantly different at 16 hours postoperatively (4.3 ± 2.8 compared with 3.8 ± 2.4 points; p = 0.348). The VAS pain scores were significantly higher (p = 0.021) in the blockade group (4.9 ± 2.7 points) compared with the suspension group (3.9 ± 2.3 points) at 24 hours postoperatively.

Conclusions:

Patients treated with bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension required an equivalent amount of postoperative narcotics and greater intraoperative narcotics compared with patients treated with interscalene brachial plexus blockade. Although interscalene brachial plexus blockade provided improved pain scores for the first 8 hours after the surgical procedure, pain scores were worse at 24 hours. The optimal postoperative pain regimen for shoulder arthroplasty and the cost-effectiveness of analgesic techniques require further investigation.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Pressure Transient Analyses for Unfavorable Mobility Ratio Flooding Operations
Authors: Beliveau Dennis , Chapman Thomas , Merrill Robert
Published: April 2017

Proper reservoir surveillance and management are critical for all oilfield operations, but especially so for secondary and tertiary recovery processes. In older waterfloods developed several decades ago, one might be fortunate to have a single pressure falloff (PFO) test recorded per injection well, with multiple PFOs for any single injector being a rare occurrence. However, an increased focus on reservoir management has driven a growing appreciation of the value of time-lapse pressure transient analyses (PTA) to monitor various aspects of reservoir performance. Time-lapse interpretations often show changes as operations mature, and the new data helps to guide and reduce uncertainties inherent in earlier interpretations, maximizing the value of the data gathering and surveillance program.

The reservoir management programs for viscous oil waterfloods in India’s Barmer Basin include timelapse injection profiles and PFOs as key elements to help monitor flood front progression. However, the multiphase flow of fluids of different viscosities poses an interesting challenge for conventional PTA. For waterfloods with favorable mobility ratio (M), PFOs may look like a classic radial composite model, with a lower-mobility near-injector region exhibiting water properties and a higher-mobility outer region with oil properties. However, things change quite dramatically for unfavorable (end-point) mobility ratios as in the Barmer Basin waterfloods, where 10<M<300 or more. With unfavorable mobility ratios, a surprisingly large volume of injected water (and time) is required for even the near-injector wellbore region to approach "residual" oil saturation, and there is significant multiphase flow throughout the reservoir for the entire waterflood life.

A PFO from an unfavorable mobility ratio flood is more complex, no longer resembling a radial composite model, but one with a smooth "transition zone" of varying fluid saturations and mobilities extending all the way from injector to producer. Accurate PTA must account for this saturation profile via the use of actual fluid viscosities and relative permeability (relative mobility) curves. Simple PTA assuming a single effective permeability and a single fluid viscosity (either water, oil or some "average" viscosity) will produce misleading results.

With unfavorable mobility ratios, numerical PTA is required to provide reasonable estimates of reservoir properties and information on flood front progression from an injection well. Similar issues apply to PTA for mature high-watercut production wells. At a minimum, numerical analyses should be used to provide an appropriate anchor for simple PTA which uses oil and/or water viscosities.
Integrating Pressure Transient and Rate Transient Analysis for EUR Estimation in Tight Gas Volcanic Reservoirs
Authors: Beohar A. , Verma S. K. , Sabharwal V. , Kumar R. , Shankar P. , Gupta A. K.
Published: April 2017

Raageshwari Deep Gas (RDG) is a clastic-volcanic reservoir located in the southern Barmer basin, India. RDG is a tight retrograde gas-condensate reservoir of permeability in the range of 0.01-1 md with a condensate gas ratio (CGR) of ~65 stb/mmscf. RDG is composed of a poorly sorted sandstone interval (Fatehgarh formation) overlying low net-to-gross (NTG) stacked succession of thick cycles of volcanic units (Basalt and Felsic) of ~700m gross thickness at a depth of 2800 m. RDG field is being developed using pad-drilled deviated wells, with multi-stage hydraulic fractures.

In tight gas fields, one of the major challenges is obtaining the right set of parameters to accurately forecast the estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) per well. EUR per well depends on fracture parameters such as fracture half-length (Xf), fracture height (Hf), fracture conductivity (Fc) and reservoir characteristics like matrix porosity (Φ), matrix permeability (k), net pay thickness (h), drainage area, reservoir pressure, reservoir fluid and operating conditions.

EUR may be estimated using decline curve analysis (DCA), rate transient analysis (RTA), and reservoir simulation. DCA is the simplest method but has high uncertainty early in a well’s production history, reservoir simulation is complex and requires detailed reservoir characterisation. RTA is easier compared to reservoir simulation and gives reasonable estimations of fracture and reservoir parameters. Since RTA is performance based it provides continuous evolution of high confidence EUR, even with limited production history.

To characterize tight fields, estimating kh of various layers through pressure transient analysis (PTA) requires long shut-in data. Thus PTA is generally only available for analysing early time effects (like fracture parameters). Thus, in low permeability reservoirs, RTA becomes preferred tool since it does not require shut-in data. RTA models and type curves generate non-unique solutions. Hence, integrating the petrophysical database with production logs, PTA results and RTA results is utilized to reduce uncertainty in k, h, Fc, and Xf. By utilizing all these data, the uncertainty in EUR estimation per well is reduced. These parameters are used as input for history matching to validate the interpretation and to optimize the RTA solutions. It was observed that history matches in RTA were improved when Fc and Xf from PTA were available. Flowing material balance (FMB) was then used to estimate drainage area, GIIP and EUR per well.

This paper demonstrates the workflow to use PTA, RTA, production logs, and petrophysical data to obtain the right set of parameters to get high confidence in EUR per well.

The finalized EUR per well for different well types can then be used for field development and deciding well spacing. Full field production forecasting based on RTA provides additional validation or an alternative to the estimates done through reservoir simulation.
Intervention and Abandonment Operations Utilising a Rigless Well Servicing Unit: Case Studies
Authors: Canny Steven A
Published: April 2017

With depressed oil markets and restrictions on project funding, and the sanctioning of developments, there is an acute focus on identifying areas where capital and operational expenditure can be reduced, maintaining capability and safety. One area of focus is on the conveyance method, namely the structure. With rig costs well construction and de-construction operations typically accounting for over 50% of the project cost base, it has been identified as an area where the introduction of new technology has the potential to significantly reduce overall project costs. The market adoption of alternative technologies, such as the "Rigless" approach is in its infancy in the Indian market, however regions such as the Gulf of Mexico and South East Asia have successful track record in the implementation of the technologies in completions, intervention and abandonment projects.

The paper describes alternative facilitating technology, focused on providing the required level of specification for the operations, with a reduction in the base cost of the technology, namely Rigless operations. The core technology is presented, with key facilitators. The application of the technology is presented in two case studies, each demonstrating the specific challenges of the operations and the novel solutions engineered to address these, and as such the significant potential benefits from a Rigless approach. The detailed and operational engineering presented in the case studies, and the identification of functionality requirements that can be improved to operate in technically challenging high cost projects, demonstrate the potential savings that can be achieved through the core technologies, and bespoke interfacing of them to client requirements.

Case study 1 presents a uniquely challenging abandonment campaign undertaken with a Supermajor in the Gulf of Mexico with a bespoke Rigless Unit. With the platform suffering hurricane damage and listing, bespoke technology was required to mobilize to the structure and safely isolate the hydrocarbon bearing reservoirs.

Case study 2 presents a large integrated well re-entry and abandonment campaign, with multiple partially abandoned and suspended wells. The integration of drilling equivalent circulating density techniques to the technology, present solutions that were devised to re-enter wells with annular communication and potentially underbalanced conditions. The flexibility of the Rigless Unit, and its ability to combine new technologies typically only available to integrate to drilling technologies, presents the value proposition of the Rigless Unit and approach.