bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thank God We Are Creatures: Hannah Arendt’s Cryptotheology
Authors: Zawisza Rafael
Published: November 2018

Main concern of this article is to grasp the interpretative matrix of Hannah Arendt’s doctorate, which, I claim, is the central organising net for her other writings. I call this matrix “cryptotheological defence of the secular world”. In order to show its functionality, I have to determine the character of Arendt’s discourse in relation to theology and philosophy on the basis of her doctoral thesis from 1929. The main attention will be focused on the figure of the neighbour as a singular and the concept of natality. I will show how the critique of theology, often very ironic, serves Arendt to contest the paradigm of the political theology.
TomoSAR Imaging for the Study of Forested Areas: A Virtual Adaptive Beamforming Approach
Authors: Martín del Campo Gustavo D. , Shkvarko Yuriy V. , Reigber Andreas , Nannini Matteo
Published: November 2018

Among the objectives of the upcoming space missions Tandem-L and BIOMASS, is the 3-D representation of the global forest structure via synthetic aperture radar (SAR) tomography (TomoSAR). To achieve such a goal, modern approaches suggest solving the TomoSAR inverse problems by exploiting polarimetric diversity and structural model properties of the different scattering mechanisms. This way, the related tomographic imaging problems are treated in descriptive regularization settings, applying modern non-parametric spatial spectral analysis (SSA) techniques. Nonetheless, the achievable resolution of the commonly performed SSA-based estimators highly depends on the span of the tomographic aperture; furthermore, irregular sampling and non-uniform constellations sacrifice the attainable resolution, introduce artifacts and increase ambiguity. Overcoming these drawbacks, in this paper, we address a new multi-stage iterative technique for feature-enhanced TomoSAR imaging that aggregates the virtual adaptive beamforming (VAB)-based SSA approach, with the wavelet domain thresholding (WDT) regularization framework, which we refer to as WAVAB (WDT-refined VAB). First, high resolution imagery is recovered applying the descriptive experiment design regularization (DEDR)-inspired reconstructive processing. Next, the additional resolution enhancement with suppression of artifacts is performed, via the WDT-based sparsity promoting refinement in the wavelet transform (WT) domain. Additionally, incorporation of the sum of Kronecker products (SKP) decomposition technique at the pre-processing stage, improves ground and canopy separation and allows for the utilization of different better adapted TomoSAR imaging techniques, on the ground and canopy structural components, separately. The feature enhancing capabilities of the novel robust WAVAB TomoSAR imaging technique are corroborated through the processing of airborne data of the German Aerospace Center (DLR), providing detailed volume height profiles reconstruction, as an alternative to the competing non-parametric SSA-based methods.
An Unsupervised Classification Algorithm for Multi-Temporal Irrigated Area Mapping in Central Asia
Authors: Ragettli Silvan , Herberz Timo , Siegfried Tobias
Published: November 2018

Sound water resources planning and management requires adequate data with sufficient spatial and temporal resolution. This is especially true in the context of irrigated agriculture, which is one of the main consumptive users of the world’s freshwater resources. Existing remote sensing methods for the management of irrigated agricultural systems are often based on empirical cropland data that are difficult to obtain, and that put into question the transferability of mapping algorithms in space and time. Here we implement an automatic irrigation mapping procedure in Google Earth Engine that uses surface reflectance satellite imagery from different sensors. The method is based on unsupervised training of a pixel-by-pixel classification algorithm within image regions identified through unsupervised object-based segmentation, followed by multi-temporal image analysis to distinguish productive irrigated fields from non-productive and non-irrigated areas. Ground-based data are not required. The final output of the mapping algorithm are monthly and annual irrigation maps (30 m resolution). The novel method is applied to the Central Asian Chu and Talas River Basins that are shared between upstream Kyrgyzstan and downstream Kazakhstan. We calculate the development of irrigated areas from 2000 to 2017 and assess the classification results in terms of robustness and accuracy. Based on seven available validation scenes (in total more than 2.5 million pixels) the classification accuracy is 77–96%. We show that on the Kyrgyz side of the Talas basin, the identified increasing trends over the years are highly significant (23% area increase between 2000 and 2017). In the Kazakh parts of the basins the irrigated acreages are relatively stable over time, but the average irrigation frequency within Soviet-era irrigation perimeters is very low, which points to a poor physical condition of the irrigation infrastructure and inadequate water supply.
Modified Superpixel Segmentation for Digital Surface Model Refinement and Building Extraction from Satellite Stereo Imagery
Authors: Gharibbafghi Zeinab , Tian Jiaojiao , Reinartz Peter
Published: November 2018

Superpixels, as a state-of-the-art segmentation paradigm, have recently been widely used in computer vision and pattern recognition. Despite the effectiveness of these algorithms, there are still many limitations and challenges dealing with Very High-Resolution (VHR) satellite images especially in complex urban scenes. In this paper, we develop a superpixel algorithm as a modified edge-based version of Simple Linear Iterative Clustering (SLIC), which is here called ESLIC, compatible with VHR satellite images. Then, based on the modified properties of generated superpixels, a heuristic multi-scale approach for building extraction is proposed, based on the stereo satellite imagery along with the corresponding Digital Surface Model (DSM). First, to generate the modified superpixels, an edge-preserving term is applied to retain the main building boundaries and edges. The resulting superpixels are then used to initially refine the stereo-extracted DSM. After shadow and vegetation removal, a rough building mask is obtained from the normalized DSM, which highlights the appropriate regions in the image, to be used as the input of a multi-scale superpixel segmentation of the proper areas to determine the superpixels inside the building. Finally, these building superpixels with different scales are integrated and the output is a unified building mask. We have tested our methods on building samples from a WorldView-2 dataset. The results are promising, and the experiments show that superpixels generated with the proposed ESLIC algorithm are more adherent to the building boundaries, and the resulting building mask retains urban object shape better than those generated with the original SLIC algorithm.
Spectral Responses of As and Pb Contamination in Tailings of a Hydrothermal Ore Deposit: A Case Study of Samgwang Mine, South Korea
Authors: Jeong Yongsik , Yu Jaehyung , Wang Lei , Shin Ji Hye
Published: November 2018

We analyzed chemical composition, mineralogy, and spectral characteristics of the tailings of a hydrothermal gold mine in South Korea. We measured spectral responses of tailings to arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) concentration and developed and validated a prediction model for As and Pb in the tailings. The tailing was heavily contaminated with heavy metal elements and composed of rock forming minerals, gangue minerals and hydrothermal alteration minerals. The spectral features of the tailing were closely related to hydrothermal alteration minerals. The spectral responses associated with As and Pb concentrations were detected in shortwave infrared (SWIR) region at absorption positions of the hydrothermal alteration minerals. The prediction models were constructed using spectral bands of absorption features of the hydrothermal alteration minerals and were statistically significant. We found distinctive differences in spectral characteristics and spectral response to heavy metal contamination between the tailings and soils in the mining area. While the spectral signals to heavy metal concentration of tailings were associated with the hydrothermal alteration minerals, those of soils in mining area were manifested by clay minerals originated from weathering processes. This infers that geological processes associated with formation of soils and tailings are the major controlling factors of spectral responses to heavy metal contamination. This study provides a rare reference for the estimation of As and Pb concentration in the tailings with similar types of ore deposit and host rock.
Long-Term and High-Resolution Global Time Series of Brightness Temperature from Copula-Based Fusion of SMAP Enhanced and SMOS Data
Authors: Lorenz Christof , Montzka Carsten , Jagdhuber Thomas , Laux Patrick , Kunstmann Harald
Published: November 2018

Long and consistent soil moisture time series at adequate spatial resolution are key to foster the application of soil moisture observations and remotely-sensed products in climate and numerical weather prediction models. The two L-band soil moisture satellite missions SMAP (Soil Moisture Active Passive) and SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) are able to provide soil moisture estimates on global scales and in kilometer accuracy. However, the SMOS data record has an appropriate length of 7.5 years since late 2009, but with a coarse resolution of ∼25 km only. In contrast, a spatially-enhanced SMAP product is available at a higher resolution of 9 km, but for a shorter time period (since March 2015 only). Being the fundamental observable from passive microwave sensors, reliable brightness temperatures (Tbs) are a mandatory precondition for satellite-based soil moisture products. We therefore develop, evaluate and apply a copula-based data fusion approach for combining SMAP Enhanced (SMAP_E) and SMOS brightness Temperature (Tb) data. The approach exploits both linear and non-linear dependencies between the two satellite-based Tb products and allows one to generate conditional SMAP_E-like random samples during the pre-SMAP period. Our resulting global Copula-combined SMOS-SMAP_E (CoSMOP) Tbs are statistically consistent with SMAP_E brightness temperatures, have a spatial resolution of 9 km and cover the period from 2010 to 2018. A comparison with Service Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN)-sites over the Contiguous United States (CONUS) domain shows that the approach successfully reduces the average RMSE of the original SMOS data by 15%. At certain locations, improvements of 40% and more can be observed. Moreover, the median NSE can be enhanced from zero to almost 0.5. Hence, CoSMOP, which will be made freely available to the public, provides a first step towards a global, long-term, high-resolution and multi-sensor brightness temperature product, and thereby, also soil moisture.
Les karsts littoraux des Alpes-Maritimes : inventaire des émergences sous-marines et captage expérimental de Cabbé
Authors: Gilli Eric
Published: November 2018

Inventory of coastal and submarine springs in the Alpes-maritimes (France). Expérimental catchment at the Cabbé spring.

Several submarine freshwater springs are present on karstic shore in the Alpes-Maritimes (France). Salinity and conductivity measuring coupled with GPS location has permited to inventory these springs. Three main springs have an average flow around 500 Us. A balance on inland and offshore springs allows to explain the deficit observed on karstic units of Arc de Nice area. A dam was built in the submarine karstic spring of Cabbé Massottn (Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France) to study the effects of an artificial augmentation of the pressure on the salinity of a karstic aquifer.

Trials in low and high water levels show the impossibility to increase the pressure. The presence of several springs and the important fracturation of limestone don't allow a sufficient impermeability of the dam site. Nevertheless, the salinity decreases, due to the physical separation between the two kinds of water.
Modes de positionnement topographique et électromagnétique d'un siphon. Exemple du Qattine Azar (Liban)
Authors: Courbon Paul
Published: November 2018

La conjonction de paramètres aussi divers que l'explosion démographique, l'urbanisation galopante et la moindre alimentation des nappes est à l'origine d'une réelle pénurie d'eau dans de nombreux pays méditerranéens et du Proche Orient. La découverte d'une importante rivière souterraine dans les montagnes du Liban a fait naître un projet de captage nécessitant un forage de 280 mètres à travers la masse calcaire.

L'auteur décrit la méthode topographique utilisée pour lever la cavité et positionner le futur forage en surface. Cette détermination topographique a été complétée par un positionnement électromagnétique ARCAS mis au point par Joan Erra. La précision de ces deux approches est évaluée.
Turbidité, indicateur du fonctionnement perturbé du géosystème karstique de l'Atlas de Beni Mellal (Moyen Atlas méridional, Maroc)
Authors: El Khalki Yahia , Hafid Abdellatif
Published: November 2018

La turbidité des eaux des sources karstiques est un phénomène général des montagnes calcaires méditerranéennes anthropisées.

Mais on constate, dans l'état actuel de nos connaissances, qu'elle est peu étudiée. Par ailleurs, elle représente un indicateur pertinent du dysfonctionnement des géosystèmes karstiques qui ont subi une forte pression anthropique. Cet article a pour objectif de déterminer, via la turbidité, l'importance de la perturbation de ce système karstique sous influence anthropique. Et de montrer ainsi le rôle joué par le karst de surface, par le climat et par l'homme dans l'aggravation de la turbidité. Car Aïn Asserdoune représente non seulement, la source qui assure l'alimentation en eau potable de la ville de Beni Mellal, mais un des sites touristiques les plus fréquentés de la région. La source de Aïn Asserdoune, exutoire principal de l'aquifère liasique, se caractérise par des eaux troubles. Après des périodes sèches suivies d'orages brutaux, la turbidité des eaux peut dépasser 2000 JTU (unité de turbidité Jackson).

Trois facteurs se combinent pour favoriser la turbidité des eaux : 1) Le climat : Les pluies orageuses d'automne, qui suivent une longue saison aride estivale, tombent sur des sols secs et mal protégés par la végétation. Elles provoquent une importante mobilisation de particules fines qui s'infiltrent dans l'épikarst. 2) La structure interne du karst :

le cheminement des eaux turbides vers l'exutoire principal du système karstique est facilité par l'existence de drains développés et hiérarchisés. traçages ont montré que le temps de transit des eaux était compris entre 24 et 72 heures.

3) L'impact anthropique : La modernisation agricole de la plaine du Tadla (140 000 ha irrigués) s'est accompagnée d'une forte pression sur les ressources forestières de l'Atlas de Beni Mellal. Les défrichements ont entraîné l'accentuation de l'érosion des sols qui a conduit à l'exhumation des lapiés couverts.

Le dysfonctionnement du géosystème karstique se traduit en outre par l'arrêt des phénomènes de travertinisation à l'aval des sources.
Anomalies des teneurs en oxygène atmosphérique mesurées dans le réseau Fanges-Paradet (Aude/ Pyrénées-Orientales)
Authors: Ournie Bernard , Ostermann Jean-Michel
Published: November 2018

Plusieurs séries de mesures ont été effectuées dans différents réseaux souterrains de la région Languedoc-Roussillon (Corbières, haute vallée de l'Aude, Larzac) en 1997, 1998 et 2001. Les dosages portent essentiellement sur la teneur de l'atmosphère souterraine en O2 et en CO2. Or, plusieurs mesures font apparaître un déficit en O2, surtout dans les parties profondes des réseaux étudiés. Les auteurs avancent plusieurs explications pour rendre compte de cette anomalie.
Identification de formes karstiques de surface sur une représentation cartographique du Gran Sasso d'Italia du XVIe siècle (Abruzzes, Italie centrale)
Authors: Burri Ezio
Published: November 2018

En août 1573, Francesco De Marchi accomplit la première ascension du Corno Grande, point haut du Gran Sasso d'Italia, qui est le massif calcaire le plus élevé des Apennins. De cette exploration, il laissa une relation fort détaillée qui fut publiée à titre posthume en 1599. A ce récit était jointe une carte sur laquelle sont figurées de façon très nette un certain nombre de formes karstiques de surface, et en particulier quelques petits lacs karstiques. Cette relation contient également de nombreuses indications sur la morphologie du vaste poljé de Campo Imperatore. Dans la foulée, De Marchi associa à cette ascension l'exploration de la Grotta a Maie, l'une des principales cavités de la région, et en donna une description du plus haut intérêt scientifique.
Atmospheric Characterization of Directly Imaged Exoplanets with JWST/MIRI
Authors: Danielski Camilla , Baudino Jean-Loup , Lagage Pierre-Olivier , Boccaletti Anthony , Gastaud René , Coulais Alain , Bézard Bruno
Published: November 2018

The Mid-Infrared instrument (MIRI) on board the James Webb Space Telescope will perform the first ever characterization of young giant exoplanets observed by direct imaging in the 5–28 μm spectral range. This wavelength range is key for both determining the bolometric luminosity of the cool known exoplanets and for accessing the strongest ammonia bands. In conjunction with shorter wavelength observations, MIRI will enable a more accurate characterization of the exoplanetary atmospheric properties. Here we consider a subsample of the currently known exoplanets detected by direct imaging, and we discuss their detectability with MIRI, either using the coronagraphic or the spectroscopic modes. By using the Exo-REM atmosphere model, we calculate the mid-infrared emission spectra of 14 exoplanets, and we simulate MIRI coronagraphic or spectroscopic observations. Specifically, we analyze four coronagraphic observational setups, which depend on (i) the target-star and reference-star offset (0, 3, 14 mas), (ii) the wavefront-error (130, 204 nm root mean square), and (iii) the telescope jitter amplitude (1.6, 7 mas). We then determine the signal-to-noise and integration time values for the coronagraphic targets whose planet-to-star contrasts range from 3.9 to 10.1 mag. We conclude that all the MIRI targets should be observable with different degrees of difficulty, which depends on the final in-flight instrument performances. Furthermore, we test for detection of ammonia in the atmosphere of the coolest targets. Finally, we present the case of HR 8799 b to discuss what MIRI observations can bring to the knowledge of a planetary atmosphere, either alone or in combination with shorter wavelength observations.
The Rotational Evolution of Young, Binary M Dwarfs
Authors: Stauffer John , Rebull Luisa M. , Cody Ann Marie , Hillenbrand Lynne A. , Pinsonneault Marc , Barrado David , Bouvier Jerome , David Trevor
Published: November 2018

We have analyzed K2 light curves for more than 3000 low-mass stars in the ∼8 Myr old Upper Sco association, the ∼125 Myr age Pleiades open cluster, and the ∼700 Myr old Hyades and Praesepe open clusters to determine stellar rotation rates. Many of these K2 targets show two distinct periods, and for the lowest-mass stars in these clusters, virtually all of these systems with two periods are photometric binaries. The most likely explanation is that we are detecting the rotation periods for both components of these binaries. We explore the evolution of the rotation rate in both components of photometric binaries relative to one another and to nonphotometric binary stars. In Upper Sco and the Pleiades, these low-mass binary stars have periods that are much shorter on average and much closer to each other than would be true if drawn at random from the M dwarf single stars. In Upper Sco, this difference correlates strongly with the presence or absence of infrared excesses due to primordial circumstellar disks—the single-star population includes many stars with disks, and their rotation periods are distinctively longer on average than their binary star cousins of the same mass. By Praesepe age, the significance of the difference in rotation rate between the single and binary low-mass M dwarf stars is much less, suggesting that angular momentum loss from winds for fully convective zero-age main-sequence stars erases memory of the rotation rate dichotomy for binary and single very low mass stars at later ages.
Dynamical Analysis of Three Distant Trans-Neptunian Objects with Similar Orbits
Authors: Khain T. , Becker J. C. , Adams F. C. , Gerdes D. W. , Hamilton S. J. , Franson K. , Zullo L. , Sako M. , Napier K. , Lin 林 Hsing Wen 省文 , Markwardt L. , Bernardinelli P. , Abbott T. M. C. , Abdalla F. B. , Annis J. , Avila S. , Bertin E. , Brooks D. , Rosell A. Carnero , Kind M. Carrasco , Carretero J. , Cunha C. E. , Costa L. N. da , Davis C. , Vicente J. De , Desai S. , Diehl H. T. , Doel P. , Eifler T. F. , Flaugher B. , Frieman J. , García-Bellido J. , Gruen D. , Gruendl R. A. , Gutierrez G. , Hartley W. G. , Hollowood D. L. , Honscheid K. , James D. J. , Krause E. , Kuehn K. , Kuropatkin N. , Lahav O. , Maia M. A. G. , Menanteau F. , Miquel R. , Nord B. , Ogando R. L. C. , Plazas A. A. , Romer A. K. , Sanchez E. , Scarpine V. , Schindler R. , Schubnell M. , Sevilla-Noarbe I. , Smith M. , Soares-Santos M. , Sobreira F. , Suchyta E. , Swanson M. E. C. , Tarle G. , Vikram V. , Walker A. R. , Wester W. , Zhang Y. ,   (DES Collaboration)
Published: November 2018

This paper reports the discovery and orbital characterization of two extreme trans-Neptunian objects (ETNOs), 2016 QV89 and 2016 QU89, which have orbits that appear similar to that of a previously known object, 2013 UH15. All three ETNOs have semimajor axes a ≈ 172 au and eccentricities e ≈ 0.77. The angular elements (i, ω, Ω) vary by 6°, 15°, and 49°, respectively, between the three objects. The two new objects add to the small number of TNOs currently known to have semimajor axes between 150 and 250 au, and they serve as an interesting dynamical laboratory to study the outer realm of our solar system. Using a large ensemble of numerical integrations, we find that the orbits are expected to reside in close proximity in the (a, e) phase plane for roughly 100 Myr before diffusing to more separated values. We find that an explanation for the orbital configuration of the bodies as a collision product is disfavored. We then explore other scenarios that could influence their orbits. With aphelion distances over 300 au, the orbits of these ETNOs extend far beyond the classical Kuiper Belt and an order of magnitude beyond Neptune. As a result, their orbital dynamics can be affected by the proposed new solar system member, referred to as Planet Nine in this work. With perihelion distances of 35–40 au, these orbits are also influenced by resonant interactions with Neptune. A full assessment of any possible new solar system planets must thus take into account this emerging class of TNOs.
Concurrent Starbursts in Molecular Gas Disks within a Pair of Colliding Galaxies at z = 1.52
Authors: Silverman J. D. , Daddi E. , Rujopakarn W. , Renzini A. , Mancini C. , Bournaud F. , Puglisi A. , Rodighiero G. , Liu D. , Sargent M. , Arimoto N. , Béthermin M. , Fensch J. , Hayward C. C. , Kartaltepe J. , Kashino D. , Koekemoer A. , Magdis G. , McCracken H. J. , Nagao T. , Sheth K. , Smolčić V. , Valentino F.
Published: November 2018

We report on the discovery of a merger-driven starburst at z = 1.52, PACS-787, based on high signal-to-noise ALMA observations. CO(5–4) and continuum emission (850 μm) at a spatial resolution of 0.″3 reveal two compact (r
1/2 ∼ 1 kpc) and interacting molecular gas disks at a separation of 8.6 kpc, indicative of an early stage in a merger. With an SFR of 991 M
⊙ yr−1, this starburst event should occur closer to final coalescence, as is usually seen in hydrodynamical simulations. From the CO size, inclination, and velocity profile for both disks, the dynamical mass is calculated through a novel method that incorporates a calibration using simulations of galaxy mergers. Based on the dynamical mass, we measure (1) the molecular gas mass, independent from the CO luminosity, (2) the ratio of the total gas mass and the CO(1–0) luminosity (

), and (3) the gas-to-dust ratio, with the latter two being lower than typically assumed. We find that the high star formation triggered in both galaxies is caused by a set of optimal conditions: a high gas mass/fraction, a short depletion time (τ
depl = 85 and 67 Myr) to convert gas into stars, and the interaction of likely counter-rotating molecular disks that may accelerate the loss of angular momentum. The state of interaction is further established by the detection of diffuse CO and continuum emission, tidal debris that bridges the two nuclei and is associated with stellar emission seen by HST/WFC3. This observation demonstrates the power of ALMA to study the dynamics of galaxy mergers at high redshift.
The Relation between Escape and Scattering Times of Energetic Particles in a Turbulent Magnetized Plasma: Application to Solar Flares
Authors: Effenberger Frederic , Petrosian Vahé
Published: November 2018

A knowledge of the particle escape time from the acceleration regions of many space and astrophysical sources is of critical importance in the analysis of emission signatures produced by these particles and in the determination of the acceleration and transport mechanisms at work. This Letter addresses this general problem, in particular in solar flares, where in addition to scattering by turbulence, the magnetic field convergence from the acceleration region toward its boundaries also influences the particle escape. We test an (approximate) analytic relation between escape and scattering times, and the field convergence rate, based on the work of Malyshkin & Kulsrud, valid for both strong and weak diffusion limits and isotropic pitch-angle distributions of the injected particles, with a numerical model of particle transport. To this end, a kinetic Fokker–Planck transport model of particles is solved with a stochastic differential equation scheme, assuming different initial pitch-angle distributions. This approach enables further insights into the phase-space dynamics of the transport process, which would otherwise not be accessible. We find that in general the numerical results agree well with the analytic equation for the isotropic case; however, there are significant differences in the weak diffusion regime for non-isotopic cases, especially for distributions beamed along the magnetic field lines. The results are important in the interpretation of observations of energetic particles in solar flares and other similar space and astrophysical acceleration sites, and for the determination of acceleration-transport coefficients, commonly used in Fokker–Planck–type kinetic equations.
Suprathermal Spontaneous Emissions in κ-distributed Plasmas
Authors: Lazar M. , Kim S. , López R. A. , Yoon P. H. , Schlickeiser R. , Poedts S.
Published: November 2018

A suprathermal spectral component is identified in the spontaneous emissions of κ-distributed plasma populations, ubiquitous in astrophysical setups. Theoretical power spectra are confirmed by the simulations and capture the dispersion characteristics of electrostatic and electromagnetic eigenmodes of a quasi-stable magnetized plasma. Selectively enhanced by the suprathermal emissions are the fluctuations of fast modes (e.g., Langmuir, fast magnetosonic, or the low-wavenumber branches of kinetic Alfvén and Bernstein waves) induced resonantly by the energetic (suprathermal) particles. These results have an immediate implication in spectroscopic techniques of in situ or remote diagnosis for the very hot and dense plasmas, e.g., close to the Sun, where direct measurements of plasma particles and their properties are technically impossible. Contrasting patterns of suprathermal emissions may confirm the coronal origin of the suprathermal populations observed in the solar wind.
Photospheric Radius Evolution of Homologous Explosions
Authors: Liu Liang-Duan , Zhang Bing , Wang Ling-Jun , Dai Zi-Gao
Published: November 2018

Recent wide-field surveys discovered new types of peculiar optical transients that showed diverse behaviors of the evolution of photospheric properties. We develop a general theory of homologous explosions with constant opacity, paying special attention to the evolution of the photospheric radius R
ph. We find that regardless of the density distribution profile, R
ph always increases early on and decreases at late times. This result does not depend on the radiation and cooling processes inside the ejecta. The general rising/falling behavior of R
ph can be used to quickly diagnose whether the source originates from a supernova-like explosion. The shape of the R
ph evolution curve depends on the density profile, so the observations may be used to directly diagnose the density profile as well as the temperature profile of the ejecta. All of the well-monitored supernovae show such a R
ph rising/falling behavior, which is consistent with our theory. The recently discovered peculiar transient AT 2018cow showed a continuous decay of R
ph, for which a supernova-like explosion origin is disfavored. Our result therefore supports the interpretation of this transient as a tidal disruption event.
A new species of Boloponera from Sekhukhuneland, South Africa (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ponerinae)
Authors: Hawkes Peter G.
Published: November 2018

During an environmental impact assessment survey of a proposed tailings storage facility for a platinum mine in Sekhukhuneland, South Africa, five adult and five larval specimens of a new species ofBoloponerawere found while excavating soil to a depth of 10–15 cm at the base of a tree in riparian woodland. These specimens represent a 3400 km range extension and the first reported record of the genus since its description in 2006, which was based on a single specimen collected in the Central African Republic in 2001. A description of the worker and ergatoid queen ofBoloponeraikemkhasp. n. is presented, with a description of the mature larva and a key to distinguish workers of the two currently known species of the genus. The taxonomic relationships ofBoloponeraare discussed with respect to several confirmed and newly identified autapomorphies that support its retention as a distinct genus, although closely related toPlectroctenaandLoboponera. A preliminary assessment of the conservation status and discussion of potential threats to the survival ofB.ikemkhais also provided. Evaluation of current data under the IUCN Red List criteria would result inB.ikemkhabeing assessed as Critically Endangered, but further investigation is required to test the validity of placing it in this category.
À propos du destin des pulsions orales et anales dans la vie en ehpad
Authors: Charazac Pierre
Published: November 2018

La composante pulsionnelle de la dépendance en ehpad oscille entre les registres de l’oralité et de l’analité qui s’expriment par les deux extrêmes de l’idéalisation de la figure maternelle du soignant et du refus des soins. C’est elle aussi qui entretient la continuité, la conflictualité et le cas échéant l’épuisement de la vie sociale intra-institutionnelle.
« Largesse ! » De la magnanimité féodale à la stratégie gouvernementale dans les sociétés d’Ancien Régime
Authors: Lecuppre-Desjardin Élodie
Published: November 2018

Les occasions de donner et de recevoir sont nombreuses durant la période médiévale et moderne. Et les travaux historiques n’ont pas manqué ces dernières années pour interroger ces pratiques, qui permettaient tour à tour aux hommes et aux femmes de sauver leurs âmes par leurs actions charitables, de renforcer leurs réseaux de clientèle, d’acheter le pouvoir intercesseur de personnages bien en cour, de dire leur puissance ou au contraire d’afficher leur soumission. Au cœur du lien social et politique, le don était assurément une manière de dire l’autorité et d’afficher son identité. Mais quelle place faire à la pratique du don dans la montée en puissance de l’État dit moderne ? Pour répondre à cette question, l’étude propose une étude de cas : les nouvelles ordonnances du duc de Bourgogne Charles le Téméraire en 1474, tout en s’autorisant des comparaisons ancrées dans une temporalité et un espace plus larges.
Les architectures du don chez les habitants de la vallée de Shimshal du Karakoram au Pakistan
Authors: Fontanari Thibault
Published: November 2018

Cet article porte sur un type particulier de don collectif appelé nom u s . Les habitants de la vallée de Shimshal du Karakoram désignent par ce terme un regroupement de ressources et de force de travail pour aménager un édifice collectif au nom d’un être cher. La description de l’agencement des actions des personnes impliquées dans ces constructions montre que la circulation du don repose sur les rapports que les habitants tissent avec leur milieu. Les nom u s s’apparentent ainsi au don maussien tout en demeurant singuliers.
La comunidad científica ante los usos de la ciencia: un análisis de la orientación de la actividad investigadora en el CSIC
Authors: Merchán-Hernández Carmen , Valmaseda-Andia Oihana
Published: November 2018

Este trabajo analiza la orientación de la actividad investigadora de una comunidad científica y su relación con el entorno socioeconómico. Para ello toma como referencia teórica la distinción del “cuadrante de Pasteur” de Stokes que identifica cuatro tipos ideales de científicos en base a si orientan su actividad investigadora hacia la realización de contribuciones científicas para la compresión de los fenómenos y hechos o, por otro lado, al uso práctico y/o la aplicación del conocimiento fuera del ámbito científico. El análisis empírico se basa en una encuesta realizada a 1593 investigadores del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC). Los resultados evidencian el predominio de un perfil de científicos que orientan su actividad fundamentalmente a la generación de conocimiento científico, sin implicarse tanto en su aplicación práctica. Pese a que la mayoría muestra una actitud favorable hacia la transferencia de conocimiento, en el desarrollo de su trabajo cotidiano predominan actividades orientadas a consolidarse en su carrera científica.
Modelizando el uso de las bibliotecas públicas a través de sus características: estudio comparativo entre España y Finlandia para los préstamos y las visitas
Authors: Lázaro-Rodríguez Pedro , Vakkari Pertti
Published: November 2018

El objetivo de este artículo es la modelización del uso de las bibliotecas públicas comparando los casos de España y Finlandia. Se analiza la relación a nivel de municipios entre una serie de factores tomados como características propias de las bibliotecas (presupuesto, personal, colección, etc.) y el uso de las mismas (préstamos y visitas). En un análisis por regiones, se consideran también variables del contexto socioeconómico (renta, educación, desempleo). El método para la obtención de los modelos es el análisis de regresión lineal múltiple con la técnica paso a paso. En España, los modelos a nivel de municipios explicaron el 16,8% de los préstamos y el 17,7% de las visitas, mientras que en Finlandia explicaron el 23% y el 18% respectivamente. Por tanto, para ambos países más del 75% de la variación de los préstamos y las visitas depende de otros factores no contemplados en los modelos. A nivel de regiones, ninguna de las variables del entorno socioeconómico consideradas como añadidas respecto al análisis por municipios resultó significativa. La limitación principal del estudio es la falta de datos a nivel de municipios para las variables del entorno socioeconómico consideradas en el análisis por regiones. En cuanto al valor y su originalidad, este estudio puede ser considerado como uno de los primeros sobre modelización del uso de las bibliotecas públicas españolas y también como uno de los primeros en poner en relación los resultados con otro país, en este caso Finlandia.
Minerals and Fisheries in the Arctic
Authors: Ghoshal Ishita , Ghosh Ishita , Chakrabarti Sukalpa
Published: November 2018

The chapter focuses on the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) that India and China may have (or not) with the Arctic region vis-à-vis certain marine and mineral resources. The outcomes will indicate where and how India and China could look to maximize trading potential, other than natural gases. The study applies a multi-country and multi-commodity Ricardian trade model and utilizes the Balassa Index to examine the revealed comparative advantage of select fish and minerals available at the Arctic. The study finds that there is considerable comparative advantage that the Arctic enjoys in terms of export of salmon/trout/cod and palladium vis-à-vis India and China. India and China both have a lot to gain by positively contributing towards intensification of partnerships among the governments for sustainable management of the resources. The focus should be on effective cooperation among the states in addressing illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing and to promote human development by supporting and safeguarding the small-scale actors in both mining and fishing sectors.
Special Legume-Based Food as a Solution to Food and Nutrition Insecurity Problem in the Arctic
Authors: Veber Anna , Leonova Svetlana , Kazydub Nina , Simakova Inna , Nadtochii Liudmila
Published: November 2018

Amid the progressing growth in the world's population, changing climate conditions, and increasing demand, food production transforms to ensure food security for the mankind. On the national level, the concept of food security is defined as an economic and agro-industrial capacity of a country, which allows the people consuming environmentally friendly and healthy food products on a continuing basis, at reasonable prices, and above the scientifically based nutrition threshold. In circumpolar territories, the people are especially vulnerable to food and nutrition insecurity due to a number of reasons, including severe climate, underdevelopment of local agricultural production, heavy reliance on imported food, higher nutrition requirements, among others. This chapter discusses the potential of legume-based food products to contribute to the improvement of food and nutrition security in northern communities.
New Approaches to Agricultural Production Management in the Arctic
Authors: Guz Mykhailo
Published: November 2018

Organic agriculture is a promising form of management in which the preservation of the natural foundations of life and natural processes is the determining factor in ensuring food security and sustainable development. Until recently, organic farming has been considered as something related to the traditional regions of agricultural production. However, raising food security issues make people look for new opportunities even in the severe conditions of the polar regions. In the High North, food security issues are complemented by specific challenges: climate, fragile environment, remoteness, and way of life of indigenous people. In the chapter, the author discusses the potential of organic farming as a solution to the food insecurity problem in the northern areas. The approaches to organic production management and establishment and running of an organic farm are studied. The author concludes that a green turn to more organic farming is a promising step towards food security and sustainable development of rural areas in the Arctic.
Maintaining Financial Stability in the Banking Sector
Authors: Gurunlu Meltem
Published: November 2018

Maintaining financial stability in the banking sector through a well-functioning risk management system is a strategic approach in today's global world where the risks have become much more diversified than ever. This chapter was undertaken in order to investigate the risk management topic by focusing on the experiences learned from the banking crises up-to-date and implications of the Basel Accords which outlined capital adequacy standards to prevent such crises. With paying special attention to the case of Turkish banking system, main challenges and possible solutions are also discussed.
The Threat of Ponzi Schemes
Authors: Mookerjee Sourya , Sardesai Varun
Published: November 2018

A flood of corporate fraud has hit the market in the most recent decade, resuscitating attention to the impact of these incidences on corporate administration and stock market responses. Of particular relevance are Ponzi schemes that are considered practically the same as frauds. As more and more investors fall into the deep trap of Ponzi schemes, the situation is getting even more irrepressible. The reasons for a rise in the number of such swindles are mainly attributed to the breakdown in governance in different countries across the globe. This chapter dwells over the root causes of Ponzi schemes with specific focus on Asia and its developing regions. Through an in-depth study of the causes, the chapter looks to recommend possible solutions in mitigating the crisis, steps to ensure financial stability, and prevention of fraud risks.
Addressing Financial Risks and Uncertainties Through Financial Literacy Education
Authors: McKain Danielle
Published: November 2018

The world is full of financial risks and uncertainties even for those who have financial literacy. There are many factors to consider when planning financially: the stock market, hyperinflation, and climate change all play roles and are unpredictable. This chapter will focus on the actions that are being taken to establish financial literacy across the world and the impact these actions have on individual financial stability. Although financial literacy certainly cannot eliminate the risks and uncertainties that accompany unforeseen events, it is one way to prepare for these events. Even in times of normalcy, lack of financial literacy can put individuals at an increased risk of financial instability. This chapter presents a variety of recommendations and resources for financial literacy education as well as the risks and uncertainties that accompany their use.
Agricultural Risk Management Through Contract Farming Ventures
Authors: Gole Isha , Sharma Neha
Published: November 2018

To build an agrarian economy that guarantees sustenance and food security to a vast populace, raw material for its growing industrial base, surpluses for exports, and a just, even-handed, and reasonable rewarding system for the farming community, “commitment-driven” contract farming is undoubtedly a feasible unconventional farming model that offers a reliable and consistent input service to farmers and delivers preferred farm produce to the contracting firms. Contract farming is used as a risk management tool. Facilitation of contract farming requires support in terms of flexibility in legislation, offering effective mechanism to resolve conflicts between contracting parties, having an arbitration body for resolving conflicts and providing quality checking facilities. Proper design of the contract is critical in making contract farming more successful. Education and training in connection with contract farming should be provided extensively to companies and other government agencies. Governments should endeavor to encourage contract farming by means of appropriate legislation and facilitation, through a demand-driven approach. The chapter aims to examine contract farming as a risk mitigation tool for farmers in general and small farmers in particular by considering diverse cases of successes/failures in developed and developing countries. While doing so, the authors have also delved into the historical evolution of contract farming, types of contracts, benefits, and apprehensions of the contracting parties, and they offer solutions to make contract farming successful.
Financial Risk Analysis for Crude Oil Buried Pipeline System
Authors: Gade Narendra Rajaram , Suryavanshi Ravi Dhondiba , Suryawanshi Pravin , Barik Arati , Bhalerao Rahul
Published: November 2018

Buried pipelines are the most lucrative deal in today's transportation for transmission of vital fluids and liquids. However, with the advent of disasters, the continuous flow through these indispensable systems gets hampered. The purpose of this chapter is twofold: one is to develop a simulation approach to capturing the effect of risk/disaster due to unforeseen events on buried pipeline, and the second is to gauge financial losses due to such uncertain events. A simulation model considering hoop, longitudinal, and radial stresses on continuous flow carrying buried pipeline subjected to uncertain and risky events is developed in CAESAR II engineering software. The authors performed statistical analysis to carry node-based analysis to describe the repair cost associated with the individual node or throughout the whole pipeline system under study. Although with a limitation in terms of model accuracy and reliability as the actual scenario could differ from the simulated model, the study outlines financial gain over total repair cost using simulation modeling approach in face of disruptions.
Video Game-Based L2 Learning
Authors: Ibrahim Karim Hesham Shaker
Published: November 2018

Video/digital games have grown into sophisticated, realistic, and engaging problem-solving virtual worlds that have their own literacy practices, affinity spaces, and online virtual communities. As a result, various studies have examined theirs to promote L2 learning and literacy. The findings of these studies suggest that digital games can promote multilingual communication, L2 vocabulary development, and situated L2 use. However, promising these findings, to-date little is known about the specific dynamics of gameplay that can facilitate L2 learning. To address this gap in the literature, this chapter will draw on interdisciplinary research on digital gaming from literacy studies, games' studies, and narratology to account for the L2 learning potentials of digital games. To explain their L2 learning potentials, the chapter will conceptualize digital games as dynamic texts, affinity spaces, and semiotic ecologies, and discuss the implications of each conceptualization for game-based L2 learning and teaching.
Strengthening the Significance of Data Analytics
Authors: Mupepi Mambo Governor , Taruwinga Patience
Published: November 2018

Organizational design could be understood as a metaphor to appreciate customer needs through segmentation or cross-channel analysis and extrapolation in pervasive value creation environment. Corporations need to calculate moves based on available capacity to produce the products demanded in highly competitive markets. The workforce must possess the required skillsets and brashness critical in getting the job done correctly all the time. The knowledge drawn from data analytics can be applied to develop performance metrics essential in advancing productivity in ubiquitous value making systems. This chapter explores strengthening the significance of data analytics.