bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diastolic-systolic velocity ratio to detect coronary stenoses under physiological resting conditions: a mechanistic study
Authors: de Waard Guus A , Broyd Christopher J , Cook Christopher M , van der Hoeven Nina W , Petraco Ricardo , Nijjer Sukhjinder S , van de Hoef Tim P , Echavarria-Pinto Mauro , Meuwissen Martijn , Sen Sayan , Knaapen Paul , Escaned Javier , Piek Jan J , van Royen Niels , Davies Justin E
Published: March 2019

Objective

Diastolic-systolic velocity ratio (DSVR) is a resting index to assess stenoses in the left anterior descending artery (LAD). DSVR can be measured by echocardiographic or intracoronary Doppler flow velocity. The objective of this cohort study was to elucidate the fundamental rationale underlying the decreased DSVR in coronary stenoses.

Methods

In cohort 1, simultaneous measurements of intracoronary Doppler flow velocity and pressure were acquired in the LAD of 228 stable patients. Phasic stenosis resistance, microvascular resistance and total vascular resistance (defined as stenosis and microvascular resistance combined) were studied during physiological resting conditions. Stenoses were classified according to severity by strata of 0.10 fractional flow reserve (FFR) units.

Results

DSVR was decreased in stenoses with lower FFR. Stenosis resistance was equal in systole and diastole for every FFR stratum. Microvascular resistance was consistently higher during systole than diastole. In lower FFR strata, stenosis resistance as a percentage of the total vascular resistance increases both during systole and diastole. The difference between the stenosis resistance as a percentage of total vascular resistance during systole and diastole increases for lower FFR strata, with an accompanying rise in diastolic-systolic resistance ratio. A significant inverse correlation was observed between DSVR and the diastolic-systolic resistance ratio (r=0.91, p<0.001). In cohort 2 (n=23), DSVR was measured both invasively and non-invasively by transthoracic echocardiography, yielding a good correlation (r=0.82, p<0.001).

Conclusions

The rationale by which DSVR is decreased distal to coronary stenoses is dependent on a comparatively higher influence of the increased stenosis resistance on total vascular resistance during diastole than systole.
Autoantibody testing in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
Authors: Rietveld Anke , Lim Johan , de Visser Marianne , van Engelen Baziel , Pruijn Ger , Benveniste Olivier , van der Kooi Anneke , Saris Christiaan
Published: March 2019

The diagnosis and classification of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies are based mainly on clinical and histological features. The discovery of myositis-specific and myositis-associated antibodies has simplified the (sub)classification of inflammatory myopathies. Patients suspected of having an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy should undergo routine antibody testing to gain more insight into distinct phenotypes, comorbidities, treatment response and prognosis. Furthermore, autoantibody testing can help in patients with atypical patterns of weakness or with an unresolved limb-girdle myopathic phenotype, or interstitial lung disease. However, some important technical and methodological issues can hamper the interpretation of antibody testing; for example, some antibodies are not included in the widely available line blots. We aim to provide a practical review of the use of autoantibody testing in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies in clinical practice.
Atrial fibrillation and stroke: a practical guide
Authors: Best Jonathan Gordon , Bell Robert , Haque Mohammed , Chandratheva Arvind , Werring David John
Published: March 2019

Neurologists and stroke physicians will be familiar with atrial fibrillation as a major cause of ischaemic stroke, and the role of anticoagulation in preventing cardioembolic stroke. However, making decisions about anticoagulation for individual patients remains a difficult area of clinical practice, balancing the serious risk of ischaemic stroke against that of major bleeding, particularly intracranial haemorrhage. Atrial fibrillation management requires interdisciplinary collaboration with colleagues in cardiology and haematology. Recent advances, especially the now-widespread availability of direct oral anticoagulants, have brought opportunities to improve stroke care while posing new challenges. This article gives an overview of the contemporary diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation, and the associated evidence base. Where there is uncertainty, we describe our own approach to these areas, while highlighting ongoing research that will likely guide future practice.
Fatal cardiac arrest in a calf with uroperitoneum
Authors: Tayari Hamaseh , Cuypers Charlotte , Schäffler Lisa , Proost Kirsten , Schauvliege Stijn
Published: March 2019

A five‐month‐old Belgian Blue female calf presented with a 72‐hour history of depression, anorexia, muscle weakness and severe abdominal distension. Abdominal ultrasonography and abdominocentesis revealed the presence of uroperitoneum due to bladder rupture.

Venous blood gas analysis showed haemoconcentration, hyperkalaemia and metabolic acidosis. Electrolytes and fluid balance were corrected with aggressive fluid therapy and peritoneal drainage overnight, and surgery was scheduled for the following day.

Intraoperatively, gradual drainage of abdominal fluid was performed to avoid sudden haemodynamic changes, and despite successful bladder reconstruction, near the end of surgery, the patient developed severe bradycardia, atrial standstill, sine waves and pulseless electrical activity, unresponsive to cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Cardiac arrest in this calf was likely caused by a combination of washout of toxic product from previous ischaemic tissues, severe acidosis, severe hypoxaemia and electrolyte disturbances. Clinicians should be prepared to handle possible complications of uroperitoneum.
Intradural‐extramedullary osteosarcoma in a dog
Authors: Bonanno Giuseppe , Gomes Sergio Andrade , Dawson Sandra , Bass Joyce , Lowrie Mark
Published: March 2019

An 11‐year‐old male crossbreed dog was referred for progressive left forelimb lameness and proprioceptive deficits over four weeks. Neurolocalisation was consistent with a cervical lesion affecting the C1–C5 spinal segments. CT revealed a hyperattenuating lesion within the vertebral column. MRI revealed a suspected intradural‐extramedullary, oval‐shaped lesion displacing the spinal parenchyma. Surgical exploration confirmed this was an intradural lesion and so a durotomy was performed to remove the mass. The histopathological diagnosis was an extradural osteosarcoma. Chemotherapy was commenced and despite initial improvement, euthanasia was performed following acute deterioration two months later.

This is the first report of an extraskeletal and intradural‐extramedullary spinal osteosarcoma in a dog. Extraskeletal osteosarcoma should be included as a differential diagnosis for an intradural‐extramedullary lesion in dogs, particularly in the presence of suspected mineralised material on advanced imaging. As reported in human medicine, prognosis appears to be grave in dogs.
Putative postanaesthetic pulmonary oedema in a horse
Authors: Merlin Tristan , Hewetson Michael , Veres‐Nyeki Kata
Published: March 2019

A two‐year‐ten‐month colt was referred for investigation and surgical treatment of cryptorchidism. Preanaesthetic clinical examination revealed no abnormalities and no relevant history was reported. The patient was anaesthetised with a total intravenous anaesthesia technique, both testicles were identified after induction, and a bilateral open castration was performed in the recovery box. Surgery, anaesthesia and recovery were uneventful. However, in the first hour postrecovery, clinical signs compatible with pulmonary oedema developed. Following arterial blood sampling and airway endoscopy, a low‐grade pulmonary oedema was suspected and alleged to have occurred following transient laryngeal spasm. The patient was treated symptomatically and received supportive care. Two days after the surgery, the clinical signs were resolved, and the patient was discharged.
Amoebic gill disease in farmed halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) in the United Kingdom
Authors: Rodger Hamish D
Published: March 2019

Amoebic gill disease (AGD) is one of the most significant infectious diseases affecting marine farmed Atlantic salmon and is caused by the marine amoeba Neoparamoeba perurans. Atlantic halibut are also farmed in Norway, Canada, Chile and Scotland; however, the total production is approximately 0.1 per cent that of salmon. Halibut reared in a net pen sea site in Scotland presented with low‐level mortalities and pale, raised patches on the gills. Fresh microscopy of the gills demonstrated amoeboid organisms and histology of the gills confirmed typical AGD pathology. Gill samples tested by PCR confirmed the presence of N perurans. Freshwater baths of three hours duration are the preferred treatment for AGD in salmon; however, hydrogen peroxide has also been used and as halibut do not tolerate freshwater low‐level hydrogen peroxide baths (1000 mg/l) were administered as a 15‐minute bath. Net changes were also undertaken, and mortalities subsequently reduced.
Circumferential Nail
Authors: Jakhar Deepak , Grover Chander , Kaur Ishmeet
Published: March 2019

Circumferential nail is an extremely rare congenital anomaly of nail development. Only a few case reports have been published in the past. We report a 20-year-old male with circumferential nail without any other congenital malformation.
On Freud's Forgetting of “Signorelli”
Authors: Schapiro Meyer
Published: March 2019

Between 1960 and 1980, American art-historian Meyer Schapiro's thoughts returned frequently to the first page of Freud's The Psychopathology of Everyday Life, in which the author discusses forgetting the name of Renaissance artist Luca Signorelli. In his conclusions on the subject, unpublished until now, Schapiro considers how Freud's explanation of his lapse of memory may have itself suffered from a repression of sexual anxieties.
5. Carrying Memory
Authors: Hirsch Marianne
Published: March 2019

Marianne Hirsch’s ‘Carrying Memory’ explores the connections between three distinctly twenty-first-century projects by women artists in response to mobility and migration: Argentinian artist Mirta Kupferminc, Kenyan/US artist Wangechi Mutu, and Chinese artist Yin Xiuzhen. All three turn to the archive to explore how women carry the burden of a painful past in a way that attempts to look to the future.
12. Unveiling Violence: Gender and Migration in the Discourse of Right-Wing Populism
Authors: Spini Debora
Published: March 2019

In ‘Unveiling Violence: Gender and Migration in the Discourse of Right-Wing Populism’, Debora Spini emphasises how migrant women are constructed as ‘others’ and further how their bodies become the locus of discourses of domination that either turn them into prey or commodities.
14. Reinventing the Spaces Within: The Early Images of Artist Lalla Essaydi
Authors: Mengiste Maaza
Published: March 2019

Isolde Brielmaier in ‘Reinventing the Spaces Within: The Early Images of Artist Lalla Essaydi’, highlights the critical role of the artist and her engagement with women in setting the stage for a broader discussion about migration.
15. Swimming with E. C.
Authors: Jones Kellie
Published: March 2019

Kellie Jones’s ‘Swimming with E.C.’ places the artwork of Elizabeth Catlett in the context of the political history of artists and others who worked between Mexico and the United States. Catlett’s themes have remained consistent over time: celebrations of women – their power, their politics, their bodies, their bond with their children, and their culture. Her contribution can, in many ways, be considered part of the recent history of self-portraiture in art through the lens of migration, photography and performance.
16. Kinship, the Middle Passage, and the Origins of Racial Slavery
Authors: Morgan Jennifer L.
Published: March 2019

In ‘Kinship, the Middle Passage, and the Origins of Racial Slavery’ Jennifer L. Morgan offers a revised perspective of the forced migration of women. She is concerned with how the seventeenth-century slave trade sets in motion a set of violent practices and assumptions that have particular implications for enslaved women.
20. What Would It Mean to Sing A Black Girl’s Song?: A Brief Statement on the Reality of Anti-Black Girl Terror
Authors: Lindsey Treva B.
Published: March 2019

Treva B. Lindsey’s ‘What Would It Mean to Sing A Black Girl’s Song?: A Brief Statement on the Reality of Anti-Black Girl Terror’ focuses on Black femme insurgency as a contemporary liberation praxis that advocates for justice for Black women.
21. Fredi’s Migration?: Washington’s Forgotten War on Hollywood
Authors: Newkirk Pamela
Published: March 2019

Pamela Newkirk’s ‘Fredi’s Migration: Washington’s Forgotten War on Hollywood’ is a revelatory account on this overlooked actress who was one of Hollywood’s and Broadway’s pioneering African-American leading ladies. Newkirk highlights aspects of her noteworthy civil rights activism in the United States and abroad.
24. Making Latinx Art: Juana Valdes at the Crossroads of Latinx and Latin American Art
Authors: Dávila Arlene
Published: March 2019

Arlene Dávila ‘Making Latinx Art: Juana Valdes at the Crossroads of Latinx and Latin American Art’ addresses how the political economy of contemporary art markets impact the making of Latinx and Latin American art.
26. Urban Candy: Screens, Selfies and Imaginings
Authors: Kempadoo Roshini
Published: March 2019

Roshini Kempadoo’s ‘Urban Candy: Screens, Selfies and Imaginings’ explores the itinerant imagery of her art project Face Up for the appropriateness of its response to current neoliberal politics and popular media. Kempadoo questions how difference is viewed when focusing on the Black women’s body across the world.
29. Diaspora, Indigeneity, Queer Critique: Tracey Moffatt’s Aesthetics of Dwelling in Displacement
Authors: Gopinath Gayatri
Published: March 2019

In the essay ‘Diaspora, Indigeneity, Queer Critique: Tracey Moffatt’s Aesthetics of Dwelling in Displacement’ by Gayatri Gopinath we experience identity and aesthetics through the same frame of different histories of dispossession and displacement, colonialism and radicalisation – without rendering them equivalent.
30. The Performance of Doubles: The Transposition of Gender and Race inMing Wong’s Life of Imitation
Authors: Brooks Nelson Kalia
Published: March 2019

Kalia Brooks Nelson’s ‘The Performance of Doubles: The Transposition of Gender and Race in Ming Wong’s Life of Imitation’ highlights Wong’s work and the reception of gendered-racial narratives that are distributed through the international reach of Hollywood image culture, and received by audiences in other parts of the world. Wong’s video intervenes in the cinematic depiction of racial passing, and the limitations that are enacted through this form of psychological doubling.
31. The Roots of Black American Women’s Internationalism: Migrations of the Spirit and the Heart
Authors: Wilson Francille Rusan
Published: March 2019

Francille Rusan Wilson’s ‘The Roots of Black American Women’s Internationalism: Migrations of the Spirit and the Heart’ examines Black women activists’ travel and writing from the late nineteenth to the mid twentieth century. She considers how their exposure to international debates on decolonisation, women’s rights, and missionary work helped to reshape the worldviews of Black American women’s organisations, and expanded their conception of the possibility of sisterhood and common struggles across continents.
33. Performing a Life: Mattie Allen McAdoo's Odyssey from Ohio to South Africa, Australia and Beyond, 1890-1900
Authors: Young Paulette
Published: March 2019

Paulette Young’s essay ‘Performing a Life: Mattie Allen McAdoo’s Odyssey from Ohio to South Africa, Australia and Beyond, 1890–1900’ on musician Mattie Allen McAdoo, explores the ways in which Mattie navigated her role as wife, performer, and African-American women during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Young examines her migration from a student and musical prodigy in Ohio and a teacher in Washington, D.C., to her travels as an international performer and her return to the US as a race woman. Her presentation of self through photographic portraits taken in South Africa, Tasmania and the United States is a central visual component of this effort.
35. Löis Mailou Jones in the World
Authors: Finley Cheryl
Published: March 2019

Cheryl Finley’s ‘Löis Mailou Jones in the World’ examines the work, life and influence of Löis Mailou Jones as they relate to the themes of travel and migration – both literally and figuratively. As an artist and designer, Jones practiced, taught and utilised theories of travel and migration, most notably in her Art-Deco-era textile designs inspired by Art Nouveau and Chinoiseries, and the paintings from her Africa Series (1950s-1980s) inspired by her travels to Haiti in the 1950s and Africa in the 1960s and 1970s.
36. The Ones Who Leave... the Ones Who Are Left: Guyanese Migration Story
Authors: Ali Grace Aneiza
Published: March 2019

Grace Aneiza Ali’s ‘The Ones Who Leave… the Ones Who Are Left: Guyanese Migration Story’ offers a personal reflection on artists’ experiences in Guyana. These particular experiences reveal universal tensions; they unveil the act of migration as a constant site of engagement and angst and explore what it means to be an immigrant in our twenty-first century world. Through three distinct approaches – conceptual, portraiture, and documentary – four Guyanese artists unpack what drives one from their homeland as well as what keeps one emotionally and physically tethered to it.
40. Seizing Control of the Narrative
Authors: Sagay Misan
Published: March 2019

Misan Sagay reflects on her scripting of a love story for an international television series in ‘GUERILLA – Black Resistance Narrative Reinvented’, which tells the story of a politically active couple whose relationship and values are tested when they liberate a political prisoner and form a radical underground cell in 1970s London.
42. The Sacred Migration of Sister Gertrude Morgan
Authors: Uzuri Imani
Published: March 2019

Iman Uzuri’s ‘The Sacred Migration of Sister Gertrude Morgan’ is based on the New Orleans street preacher, visual artist, musician and mystic who migrated from Georgia to New Orleans in 1939.
Performative State-Formation in the Early American Republic
Authors: Reed Isaac Ariail
Published: March 2019

How do proto-state organizations achieve an initial accumulation of power, such that they are in a position to grow (or shrink) as an organization, maintain their prestige (or lose it), and be viewed, by elite and populace, as something real and consequential that can be argued about, supported, or attacked? This article argues that state-formation has a performative dimension, in which the publicity of acts of violence, coercion, and negotiation made by agents of the proto-state, and the variable interpretation of these acts, are paramount to the state’s success (or failure) and developing character. In the model developed here, agents of a would-be state act in response to emergencies, and when public interpretations of those actions assign their character and effectiveness to “the state,” the state is performed into being. In particular, public performance solves, in part, agency problems obtaining between state rulers and their staff and elite allies. The formation of the federal government in the early American republic (1783 to 1801), whose success is insufficiently accounted for by extant theory, provides an opportunity to develop a model of the performative dimension of state-formation.
Guido and the guilty mind: Mens rea and actus reus in Inferno 27
Authors: Watt Mary A
Published: March 2019

Very early in their education, law students are introduced to the two necessary components of a crime— mens rea and actus reus—that is, one is not guilty of a crime unless culpable in both thought and action. In Inferno 27, however, we meet Guido da Montefeltro whose promised absolution should, in theory, deprive him of mens rea: his conscience is clear. Yet Dante puts him in hell. Indeed, Guido’s condemnation comes as quite a surprise not only to the sinner but also to St Francis’s own cherub. This article will explore that moment and consider how Dante uses the episode to interpret the intersection of guilty thoughts ( mens rea) and guilty acts ( actus reus) and in so doing, creates a code of law to justify the Inferno’s anticipatory condemnation of Boniface VIII.
“An act of geographical violence”: Crime, literature, and the colonial compulsion
Authors: Slavin Molly
Published: March 2019

This article proposes the idea of the “colonial compulsion”, or an impulse for completion, neatness, and order, and argues that this urge is a motor that drives much literature that focuses on crime and cartography. Through readings of Brian Friel’s play Translations (1980) and Paul Haworth’s novel Only Killers and Thieves (2018), I make the case that crime narratives and depictions of mapping share the same root, that we read and enjoy crime stories for the same reason we find maps satisfying: because we wish to “solve” the crime in the same way we wish to see the “blank spaces” of the map inked in. “An act of geographical violence” holds that the type of contemporary literature which ties together cartography, crime, and colonialism urges the reader to think through and against colonial and modern-day systems of oppression. Ultimately, this article puts forth a sustained case for performing readings that deliberately intertwine the subjects of crime, cartography, and colonialism and for seriously examining the framework of the colonial compulsion.
Latin America in the internationalisation strategy of Iberia, 1946–2000
Authors: Olivares Javier Vidal
Published: March 2019

Since 1946, Iberia, the Spanish flag carrier, was one of the most useful instruments of Spanish foreign policy, focusing, after the Second World War, on connections between Europe and Latin America. Taking advantage of many bilateral agreements between Spain and Latin American countries, Iberia increased its traffic in the region and in the 1950s consolidated an extensive Latin American network. After 1965, its top managers deployed a new policy in Latin America, scaling up its technical cooperation and financial support. In order to cope with the global liberalisation and privatisation of flag carriers, in the late 1970s and throughout the 1980s Iberia attempted to further escalate its penetration, acquiring many Latin American airlines, and to impede the access of European competitors in this region, but this strategy failed.
Prosodically Conditioned Consonant Duration in Djambarrpuyŋu
Authors: Jepson Kathleen , Fletcher Janet , Stoakes Hywel
Published: March 2019

Cross-linguistically, segments typically lengthen because of proximity to prosodic events such as intonational phrase or phonological phrase boundaries, a phrasal accent, or due to lexical stress. Australian Indigenous languages have been claimed to operate somewhat differently in terms of prosodically conditioned consonant lengthening and strengthening. Consonants have been found to lengthen after a vowel bearing a phrasal pitch accent. It is further claimed that this post-tonic position is a position of prosodic strength in Australian languages. In this study, we investigate the effects of proximity to a phrasal pitch accent and prosodic constituent boundaries on the duration of stop and nasal consonants in words of varying lengths in Djambarrpuyŋu, an Australian Indigenous language spoken in northeast Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia. Our results suggest that the post-tonic consonant position does not condition longer consonant duration compared with other word-medial consonants, with one exception: Intervocalic post-tonic consonants in disyllabic words are significantly longer than word-medial consonants elsewhere. Therefore, it appears that polysyllabic shortening has a strong effect on segment duration in these data. Word-initial position did not condition longer consonant duration than word-medial position. Further, initial consonants in higher-level prosodic domains had shorter consonant duration compared with domain-medial word-initial consonants. By contrast, domain-final lengthening was observed in our data, with word-final nasals preceding a pause found to be significantly longer than all other consonants. Taken together, these findings for Djambarrpuyŋu suggest that, unlike other Australian languages, post-tonic lengthening is not a cue to prosodic prominence, whereas prosodic domain-initial and -final duration patterns of consonants are like those that have been observed in other languages of the world.
Effect of adenotonsillectomy on sleep problems, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms, and quality of life of children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy and sleep-disordered breathing
Authors: Türkoğlu Serhat , Tahsin Somuk Battal , Sapmaz Emrah , Bilgiç Ayhan
Published: March 2019

Objective

Chronic adenotonsillar hypertrophy is the most common etiologic reason for upper airway obstruction in childhood and has been found to be associated with a variety of psychiatric disorders and poor quality of life. In the present study, we investigated the impact of adenotonsillectomy on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms, sleep problems, and quality of life in children with chronic adenotonsillar hypertrophy.

Methods

The parents of children with chronic adenotonsillar hypertrophy filled out the Conners’s Parent Rating Scale-Revised Short form (CPRS-RS), Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, Parent version (PedsQL-P) before and six months after adenotonsillectomy.

Results

A total of 64 children were included in the study (mean age = 6.8 ± 2.4 years; boy:girl ratio= 1). The mean attention deficit hyperactivity disorder index and oppositionality subdomain scores of the CPRS-RS and all of the CSHQ subdomain scores (bedtime resistance, sleep-onset delay, sleep anxiety, night waking, parasomnias, sleep-disordered breathing, and daytime sleepiness) except for sleep duration significantly decreased after adenotonsillectomy ( p < 0.05). The PedsQL-P total score and both PedsQL-P physical health and psychosocial health subdomain scores were significantly higher at six months after adenotonsillectomy ( p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Child and adolescent psychiatrists should check the symptoms of chronic adenotonsillar hypertrophy to identify children with chronic adenotonsillar hypertrophy who suffer from sleep disturbance, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms, and oppositionality. Adenotonsillectomy seems to be beneficial for coexisting attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and sleep disorder symptoms and quality of life in these children.
Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome: Focus on low-threshold diagnosis and prompt treatment in the primary care setting
Authors: Yoon Christopher , Gedzior Joanna , DePry Dwayne
Published: March 2019

The authors present the case of an inpatient hospitalized at the Veterans Affairs psychiatric unit diagnosed with Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome to promote awareness of this prevalent yet often underdiagnosed and undertreated condition. Although Veterans present with a unique predisposition for alcohol abuse, it remains problematic in the general population as well. Analysis from 2000 to 2003 reveals alcohol use in the past month in Veterans at 56.6% and 50.8% in comparable non-Veterans. According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, it is estimated that of those who are 18 and older, 86.4% have used alcohol, 26.9% have engaged in binge drinking in the past month, 7% engaged in heavy alcohol use in the past month, and 6.2% (15.1 million) carried the diagnosis of alcohol use disorder., The lifetime prevalence of alcohol abuse in the general population is estimated to be between 4.5% and 13.2%. Primary care providers should maintain a high degree of vigilance in evaluating patients for timely diagnosis and prompt treatment of those suspected to have thiamine deficiency. Indeed, Wernicke’s encephalopathy carries a significant level of morbidity and mortality associated with the syndrome, even in cases when it does not present with all of the classic signs. This article aims to raise the primary and ambulatory care provider’s ability to recognize the condition, emphasize a low threshold to treat, and highlight current treatment recommendations.
Participatory Frustration: The Unintended Cultural Effect of Local Democratic Innovations
Authors: Fernández-Martínez José Luis , García-Espín Patricia , Jiménez-Sánchez Manuel
Published: March 2019

Most research on participatory processes has stressed the positive effects that these institutions have in the relationships between public authorities and civil society. This article analyzes a more negative product that has received scant attention: participatory frustration. Departing from Hirschman’s cycles of involvement and detachment, the article shows four paths toward frustration after engaging in institutional participatory processes: (a) inflated expectations, (b) the failure of design and adjusting mechanisms, (c) poor results, and (d) abrupt discontinuations. Drawing on six cases in Spanish cities, this article proposes a reflection on how participatory reforms can contribute to feed frustration and political disenchantment.
Residency without citizenship: Korean immigration and settlement in Australia
Authors: Hundt David
Published: March 2019

This article focuses on the changing quality of citizenship in Australia, which is the idealized end-point of the process of immigration, by drawing on the experience of Korean immigrants. In the formal ( political) dimension of citizenship, the article shows that Koreans fare comparatively poorly. They are less likely to be citizens than most other groups of immigrants, due to factors such as the lateness of Korean immigration. The article also analyzes the social dimension of citizenship among Koreans in Australia, and their disappointing socio-economic outcomes. Korean immigrants, I argue, enjoy residency without citizenship, and their experience illustrates how the promise of Australian citizenship has eroded. This is a significant finding, given the prominent role that immigration has played in shaping all aspects of contemporary Australia.
Implications of CEO Succession Origin and In-House Experience for Audit Pricing
Authors: Brockman Paul , Krishnan Gopal , Lee Hye Seung (Grace) , Salas Jesus M.
Published: March 2019

Prior research indicates that the CEO has a significant impact on financial reporting decisions. However, there is limited research on the implications of CEO succession origin (hiring a CEO from the inside as opposed to from the outside) for auditors. We find that on average, audit fees are greater by about 8% when a CEO is hired from the outside than when a CEO is promoted from within. We also find that the CEO’s in-house experience (the number of years the CEO has worked in the firm before becoming the CEO) is negatively associated with audit fees, suggesting that the CEO’s in-house experience enhances the CEO’s competence in understanding how the firm’s performance should map into the financial statements, resulting in lower audit risk. Finally, our findings suggest that the CEO’s in-house experience plays an important role in mitigating audit risk in firms with poor corporate governance quality.
Going It Alone in Later Life: A Comparative Analysis of Elderly Women in Sweden and Spain
Authors: Padyab Mojgan , Reher David , Requena Miguel , Sandström Glenn
Published: March 2019

This article compares the determinants of living alone in later life in Spain and Sweden, two countries with relatively similar levels of economic development from a global view point but different family systems and institutional contexts. With microdata coming from census (Spain) and linked administrative registers (Sweden), logistic regression techniques, including a nonlinear regression–based decomposition of differences between, are used to estimate the weight of different factors behind the residential choices of elderly women. Theoretical expectations are validated. Levels of living alone are associated with age, childlessness, marital status, and education in both populations. Population characteristics (compositions effects) explain only a small part of the differences in living alone between both countries, while behaviors (rate effects) account for the larger part of the variation. Therefore, among elderly women proximate determinants of living arrangements produce different outcomes in different sociocultural environments largely determined by existing family systems.
Early and long-term results of aortic valve sparing aortic root reimplantation surgery for bicuspid and tricuspid aortic valves
Authors: Karciauskas Dainius , Mizariene Vaida , Jakuska Povilas , Ereminiene Egle , Orda Paulius , Ordiene Rasa , Vaskelyte Jolanta Justina , Nedzelskiene Irena , Kinduris Sarunas , Benetis Rimantas
Published: March 2019

Introduction:

To evaluate early and long-term clinical outcomes following aortic valve sparing aortic root reimplantation surgery in patients with leaking bicuspid and tricuspid aortic valves.

Methods:

The study consisted of 92 consecutive adult patients (tricuspid aortic valve group = 63 and bicuspid aortic valve group = 29) who underwent aortic valve sparing aortic root reimplantation surgery with or without aortic cusp repair for dilatation of the aortic root and/or aortic valve regurgitation at our institution from April 2004 to October 2016. Clinical outcomes were investigated using Kaplan–Meier and log-rank tests between groups.

Results:

The follow-up was 100% complete with a mean time of 5.3 ± 3.3 years. The 30-day in-hospital mortality was 3.1% in tricuspid aortic valve group and 3.4% in bicuspid aortic valve group patients. The overall survival rates at 10 years did not differ between bicuspid aortic valve and tricuspid aortic valve patient groups (96.6 ± 3.3% vs. 90.3 ± 4.2%, p = 0.3). Freedom from recurrent aortic valve regurgitation (>2+) at 10 years was 90.5 ± 4.1% in tricuspid aortic valve group and 75.7 ± 8.7% in bicuspid aortic valve group (p = 0.06). Freedom from aortic valve reoperation at 10 years was 100% in tricuspid aortic valve group and 83.9 ± 7.4% in bicuspid aortic valve group (p = 0.002).

Conclusion:

Aortic valve sparing aortic root reimplantation surgery is a safe and efficient technique, providing acceptable long-term survival with low rates of valve-related complications in both tricuspid aortic valve and bicuspid aortic valve patient groups. However, aortic valve reoperation rates at 10 years follow-up were higher in bicuspid aortic valve group patients compared to tricuspid aortic valve group patients.
Perceived Social Ties and Mental Health Among Formerly Incarcerated Men in New York City
Authors: Valera Pamela , Boyas Javier F.
Published: March 2019

The incarcerated population has been substantially burdened by syndemic productions involving mental health illness and substance abuse problems. The present analysis describes the mental health symptoms of a nonprobability sample of 225 formerly incarcerated men and establishes the types of perceived support they received during incarceration as predictors of their psychological well-being upon release. The men were between 35 and 67 years of age; the mean age was 47.27 ( SD = 6.64), and Blacks and Latinos were about equally represented. Most respondents did not finish high school, were unemployed, convicted of a nonviolent crime, and were housed in a New York state prisons. The majority were also single (never married) and had children. The findings indicate that greater social, community, and spiritual support were correlated with lower mental health scores. The strongest predictor was perceived social support. Access and use of social resources, including social support, are important factors in influencing the psychological functioning among formerly incarcerated men.
Therapeutic Jurisprudence and Restorative Justice in the United States: The Process of Institutionalization and the Roles of Judges
Authors: Traguetto Jessica , de Aquino Guimaraes Tomas
Published: March 2019

The legal systems and the judiciary in many countries have been changed and reformed, with the aim of dispensing justice quicker and more effectively. Some reforms have tried a less adversarial approach to resolving legal disputes, for example, Therapeutic Jurisprudence (TJ) and Restorative Justice (RJ). The objective of this article is to describe how institutionalized these movements are in the United States and the roles played by judges in this process. The data collection involved document analysis, observation of court-hearings, and interviews with 13 judges from several judicial areas involved in TJ and/or RJ judicial proceedings in the United States. Data analysis was undertaken using content analysis and the software NVivo. The results provide evidence that (a) these movements are in a process of divergent change implementation; (b) judges who engage with these approaches act as institutional entrepreneurs; and (c) the judges interviewed can be classified into four roles that are complementary in the promotion of TJ/RJ: promoter, author, convener, and maintainer.
Sexual Homicide in France
Authors: James Jonathan , Proulx Jean , Vuidard Elen , Renard Audrey , Le Maout Stéphanie , Brunel-Dupin Marie-Laure
Published: March 2019

The primary objective of this study was to describe and compare the modus operandi, and associated contextual and situational factors, of French serial sexual murderers (SSMs) and nonserial sexual murderers (NSMs). A further objective was to verify the generalizability of the conclusions of James and Proulx’s 2016 systematic review of the modus operandi of sexual murderers, the majority of whom were American or English. Detailed data on the precrime, modus operandi, postcrime, and victimology factors of 120 French sexual murderers (SSMs: n = 33; NSMs: n = 87) were compared. The results suggest that choice-structuring properties that shape the modus operandi of French sexual murderers are similar to those reported by James and Proulx: The modus operandi of French SSMs was shaped by homicidal, sadistic, and rape fantasies, while that of NSMs was shaped by the need to satisfy immediate, especially sexual, needs. However, it should be noted that while the modus operandi of American and English NSMs is primarily shaped by general deviance, that of French NSMs appear be primarily shaped by sexual deviance.
Participation and quality of life for persons with oculomotor impairments after acquired brain injury
Authors: Wagener Sharon Gowdy , Kreiger Robert
Published: March 2019

Introduction

Acquired brain injury is a major diagnostic group treated by occupational therapists. This study explored participation in everyday activities and social roles, and quality of life for persons with acquired brain injury-related oculomotor impairments.

Method

Using a cross-sectional descriptive approach, 40 rehabilitation outpatients with acquired brain injury-related oculomotor impairments underwent semi-structured interviews using self-report measures of visual symptoms (ABI Vision Questionnaire), quality of life (PROMIS Global Health Scale), and participation (Assessment of Life Habits). Descriptive, correlational, and simple regression statistics were used for analysis.

Results

Visual symptoms were significant for 96.7% of the participants. Physical and mental quality of life scores were one standard deviation below population norms. Participation areas identified as very difficult or harder for 82% or more included recreation, education, work, home maintenance, and volunteering. Approximately 68% or more identified communicating in a group, reading, computer use, and driving as very difficult. Correlations between scores of visual symptoms and participation, and visual symptoms and physical quality of life, showed significant moderate negative relationships. Regression analyses indicated visual symptoms explained about half the measured difficulties in participation.

Conclusion

Awareness of the activities and roles that are likely to be disrupted by acquired brain injury-related oculomotor impairments enables occupational therapists to direct therapy where it matters most. Findings highlight the identified symptoms and participation areas.
Depressive Symptoms Following Work-Related Violence and Threats and the Modifying Effect of Organizational Justice, Social Support, and Safety Perceptions
Authors: Andersen Lars Peter Sønderbo , Hogh Annie , Andersen Johan Hviid , Biering Karin
Published: March 2019

Work-related threats and violence is a major occupational hazard and the consequences for victims may be a range of physical and psychological symptoms. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between exposure to work-related violence and threats and subsequent risk for depression and to examine whether the associations were modified by social support, organizational justice and safety perceptions. Questionnaire data was collected in 2010, 2011 and in 2015. A total of 5,342 employees from special schools, psychiatric wards, eldercare and the Prison and Probation Services (PPS) participated in the first round in 2010. The analysis was performed by multivariate logistic regression. Staff exposed for work-related threats and violence had an increased risk for depression compared to non-exposed staff. The risk was highest for staff working in PPS. Compared to low levels, there were a tendency for high levels of social support, organizational justice and safety perception to attenuate the associations between work-related threats and violence and depression. However, none of the differences were statistically significant. Many employees working in human service sectors are exposed to work-related threats and violence which increases the risk for depression. The risk for depression following work-related threats and violence may be modified by social support, organizational justice and the perception of safety workplace. It is recommended that workplaces adopt an integrated organizational approach including both prevention of work-related threats and violence and intervention to modify the health consequences of work-related threats and violence.
Sexual Harassment, Sexual Assault, and Physical Activity Among U.S. Military Service Members in the Millennium Cohort Study
Authors: Thomas Connie L. , Nieh Chiping , Hooper Tomoko I. , Gackstetter Gary D. , LeardMann Cynthia A. , Porter Ben , Blazer Dan G.
Published: March 2019

Sexual harassment (SH) and sexual assault (SA) continue to be a focus of prevention efforts in the U.S. military because of the prevalence and potential to affect the health and readiness of service members. Limited research exists on the association of SH and SA with coping behaviors, such as physical activity, within the military. Data including self-reported SA, SH, and physical activity were obtained from the Millennium Cohort Study, a longitudinal cohort study designed to examine the impact of military service on the health and well-being of service members. A hierarchical regression approach was applied to examine the association between SH or SA and subsequent physical activity levels. Hierarchical regression showed that, among those self-reporting recent SA, the odds of medium-high (300-449 min/week) and high physical activity levels (≥450 min/week) were significantly increased. Although the magnitude of these associations was attenuated with an increasing amount of adjustment, the odds of high physical activity levels remained statistically significant in the fully adjusted model (medium-high: odds ratio [OR] = 1.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.08, 2.73]; high: OR = 1.58, 95% CI = [1.02, 2.44]). We observed statistically significant negative associations between recent SH and medium-high physical activity levels in adjusted models (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = [0.54, 0.91]). The current results demonstrate that SA is generally associated with increased levels of physical activity among military service members. Analyzing the relationship between sexual trauma and physical activity is valuable because of the high prevalence of SH and SA in the military, long-term health implications including physical and emotional well-being, and potential impact on military readiness.
Violent Boyhoods, Masculine Honor Ideology, and Political Violence: Survey Findings From Thailand
Authors: Bjarnegård Elin , Brounéus Karen , Melander Erik
Published: March 2019

Throughout history, those who have participated in political violence have predominantly been male young adults. At the same time, we know that most young men will not use violence for political protest. So what distinguishes those who do from those who do not? In this article, we link psychological research on the intergenerational effects of violence in the family to violence in the political arena. We ask to what extent experiences of violence as a child are associated with participation in political violence as an adult. Our overarching argument is that family-of-origin violence may not only have serious negative, intergenerational effects on health and well-being but also on future spirals of violence for the individual. Family-of-origin violence may also lead to an increased risk of using violence for political purposes due to the diffusion of violence norms, whereby violence is seen as a just and appropriate response to conflict. We test this claim using micro-level data from the Survey on Gender, Politics, and Violence in Thailand, conducted in 2012-2013. For our analyses, we zoom in on men from a specific cluster sample of the survey: 200 political activist interviewees—100 Red Shirts and 100 Yellow Shirts. The results support our claim. We find that experiences of family violence as a child increase the risk of participating in political violence as an adult among male political activists in Thailand. Our study suggests one imperative policy implication: Violence prevention measures at the individual level—against corporal punishment of children or violence against women—may have critical implications also for decreasing the risk for and prevalence of political violence and armed conflict in society.
Depressive Symptoms Among Aging Hispanic Americans: Longitudinal Effects of Positive Spousal Support and Previous Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Muruthi James R. , Zalla Lauren C. , Lewis Denise C.
Published: March 2019

Objective: We aimed to investigate the longitudinal effects of spousal support on aging Hispanic Americans’ depressive symptoms using population-based data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Method: Using hierarchical multiple regressions, we investigated whether baseline positive spousal support and previous depressive symptoms were significant predictors of depressive symptoms 8 years later in a sample of 264 aging Hispanic Americans. Results: We discovered that previous depressive symptoms, baseline chronic conditions, and positive spousal support were all significant predictors of long-term depressive symptoms. Discussion: Our findings underline the need to address persistent depression and chronic diseases in the aging Hispanic population. We also highlight the potential benefits of empowering spouses as a resource for promoting mental health in this group. These findings are also encouraging for future studies in depression, aging, and comorbidity, especially in the vastly increasing population of aging Hispanic Americans.