Progress in Epidemic Ready Primary Health Care: Early Pilot Results from Four African Countries (Ethiopia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone and Uganda), December 2023 – October 2024
Authors: Mearns Stacey , Kamateeka Moreen , Okwor Tochi , Abba Aisha , Obiekea Celestina , Danjuma Jenom , Haile Arone M , Damtew Daniel , Debalke Damene , Kanu Joseph S , Ngauja Ramatu , Michaels-Strasser Susan , Wailagala Abdullah , Muruta Allan , Dansan Atim , Barrera-Cancedda Amy , Kozikott Samantha , Landegger Justine , Patel Leena , McClelland Amanda 
Published: February 2025

Primary healthcare (PHC) is the first point of contact with communities and essential for epidemic preparedness. The COVID-19 pandemic exposed gaps in PHC resilience. Epidemic Ready Primary Health Care (ERPHC) was designed to bridge these gaps by strengthening PHC to prevent, detect, and respond to outbreaks while maintaining essential services. An ERPHC pilot was initiated in December 2023 in 654 PHC facilities across Ethiopia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and Uganda. The approach improves connection to local communities, detection and reporting of cases, healthcare worker protection, and patient treatment. Interventions include integrating Infection Prevention and Control (IPC), surveillance, and case management functions, monthly mentorship visits, data-driven quality improvement assessments, and enhanced communication between facilities and public health authorities.

After eleven months, facility epidemic readiness scores improved from 55% to 87%. Reports of suspected reportable diseases increased from 184 to 290 per month, with 94% reported within 24 hours. A total of 75 cases of epidemic-prone diseases were detected across 17 facilities, with 99% of cases meeting the 7-1-7 target for detection, and 100% meeting the target for notification. IPC scores improved from 56% to 94%, and correct donning and doffing of PPE by HCWs improved from 34% to 87%. Bottlenecks included inconsistent supply chains and inadequate infrastructure.

ERPHC has demonstrated rapid improvements in performance, emphasising the impact of integration across technical disciplines and targeted mentorship in boosting epidemic readiness. Early results of the ERPHC approach show potential to accelerate the detection and reporting of epidemic-prone diseases and improve HCW and patient safety.

SUMMARY BOX

Primary healthcare (PHC) is critical for early outbreak detection, response, and maintaining essential health services, making it a cornerstone of health security.

Epidemic Ready Primary Health Care (ERPHC) is a PHC system that can effectively prevent, detect and respond to outbreaks, while continuing essential health services. Achieving ERPHC requires healthcare workers (HCWs) to connect with local communities, promptly detect and report cases, protect themselves and others, and treat cases while maintaining services.

The ERPHC pilot showed rapid improvements, with health facility performance increasing from 55% to 87% over eleven months. Seventy-five cases of epidemic-prone diseases were detected, with 99% meeting the 7-1-7 target for detection and 100% the target for notification.

An integrated approach across technical disciplines and continuous mentorship has proven effective in accelerating HCW capacity and health facility performance.

Strengthening supply chains and addressing infrastructure bottlenecks are crucial for HCW safety and facility epidemic readiness.