bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A kincs..., ami van! A jelenkori magyar Afrika-kutatás humánerőforrásáról
Authors: Kiss Judit
Published: March 2022

2021. május 13-án alakult újra az MTA IX. Osztály Nemzetközi és Fejlődéstanulmányok Tudományos Bizottsága (NFTB) keretében működő Afrika Albizottság. Legfőbb feladatunk: az ország különböző oktatási és kutatási intézményeiben folyó magyar Afrika-kutatás összefogása; a kutatási eredmények közreadása; konferenciák, tudományos események szervezése; az afrikanisták, a kormányzati és a civil szereplők közötti diskurzus elősegítése; a kutatás és a gyakorlat összekapcsolása, valamint a magyar afrikanisztika nemzetközi elismertségének növelése.
Somatic Depolarization Enhances Hippocampal CA1 Dendritic Spike Propagation and Distal Input-Driven Synaptic Plasticity
Authors: Bock Tobias , Negrean Adrian , Siegelbaum Steven A.
Published: March 2022

Synaptic inputs that target distal regions of neuronal dendrites can often generate local dendritic spikes that can amplify synaptic depolarization, induce synaptic plasticity, and enhance neuronal output. However, distal dendritic spikes are subject to significant attenuation by dendritic cable properties, and often produce only a weak subthreshold depolarization of the soma. Nonetheless, such spikes have been implicated in memory storage, sensory perception and place field formation. How can such a weak somatic response produce such powerful behavioral effects? Here, we use dual dendritic and somatic recordings in acute hippocampal slices of male mice to reveal that dendritic spike propagation, but not spike initiation, is strongly enhanced when the somatic resting potential is depolarized, likely as a result of increased inactivation of A-type K+channels. Somatic depolarization also facilitates the induction of a form of dendritic spike driven heterosynaptic plasticity that enhances memory specificity. Thus, the effect of somatic membrane depolarization to enhance dendritic spike propagation and long-term synaptic plasticity is likely to play an important role in hippocampal-dependent spatial representations as well as learning and memory.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeurons receive synaptic input along their dendrites but produce action potential (AP) output at their soma. Signals arriving at the distal dendrites of pyramidal neurons (PNs) have little impact on the soma unless they combine to initiate a dendritic spike, which needs to propagate to the soma to trigger an AP. This study shows that small subthreshold depolarization of the soma powerfully enhances the propagation of dendritic spikes, through inactivation of dendritic A-type potassium channels. Enhanced dendritic spike propagation also markedly facilitates the induction of a form of plasticity driven by the distal synaptic inputs. Thus, small changes in somatic membrane potential, similar to those observedin vivo, act as a powerful gate of neuronal information transfer.
Glucocorticoids inhibit the maturation of committed osteoblasts via SOX2
Authors: Chen Jin Hong , Shen Chen , Oh Ha Ram , Park Ji Hyun
Published: March 2022

During bone formation, mesenchymal progenitor cells mature into bone-forming osteoblasts after undergoing several stages of differentiation. Impaired bone formation is a predominant finding in glucocorticoid (GC)-induced osteoporosis (GIO). Osteoblasts at different stages of maturation can be affected by excessive endogenous or therapeutic GCs. Sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) is normally expressed in immature osteoblasts, but its overexpression can suppress osteoblast differentiation. This study aimed to evaluate whether GC affects SOX2 expression in osteoblasts, and whether SOX2 contributes to GC-induced inhibition of osteoblast differentiation. Treatment with GCs such as dexamethasone (Dex) or hydrocortisone enhanced SOX2 expression. Silencing SOX2 improved inhibition of GC-induced osteoblast differentiation, whereas SOX2 overexpression decreased mineralized nodule formation and RUNX2 and Osterix expression in MC3T3-E1 cells. On the contrary, when C3H10T1/2 uncommitted mesenchymal stem cells were subjected to SOX2 overexpression, RUNX2 expression increased. As a mechanism of Dex-induced SOX2 upregulation in preosteoblasts, we found that the STAT3 pathway or GC receptor (GR) is involved, using a GR antagonist, STAT3 regulators, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Moreover, mice treated with Dex for 4 weeks showed a notable increase in SOX2 expression in the bones and an increased ratio of procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide to osteocalcin in the plasma than in control mice. This study demonstrated that GC enhances SOX2 expression in vitro in osteoblast and in vivo in the mice bone, which affects bone-forming activity differently depending on the differentiation stage of osteoblast-lineage cells. Our results provide new insights into prevention and treatment against impaired bone formation in GIO.
Una experiencia de revitalización lingüística aimara en Lima-Perú
Authors: Suxo Yapuchura Moisés
Published: March 2022

El presente artículo es una breve sistematización de una experiencia de revitalización lingüística aimara implementada a través de dos talleres durante los años 2015 y 2016 en el marco del Programa de recuperación, desarrollo y difusión de la lengua y cultura aimara impulsado por el Colectivo Aimara3 desde la ciudad de Lima. Estos talleres forman parte de un conjunto de estrategias para recuperar, reanimar y desarrollar la lengua y cultura aimara en el Perú dirigido a los niños que tienen al castellano como lengua materna, pero cuyos padres son de origen y/o tienen ascendencia aimara, en su gran mayoría son naturales del distrito de Unicachi, provincia de Yunguyo, región Puno.
El género discursivo Informe Final de Investigación en la educación superior
Authors: Gonzales Rodríguez María Mercedes
Published: March 2022

El presente trabajo aborda el estudio de uno de los géneros discursivos empleados en la Escuela Profesional de Química de la UNMSM: el informe final de investigación. Se presentarán la definición de discurso académico y de discurso científico, las características del género, la estructuración textual, así como las marcas lingüísticas más relevantes.
Topónimos de la cuenca del río Tambopata (Puno)
Authors: Huayhua Pari Felipe
Published: March 2022

En este artículo presentamos los topónimos de la cuenca del río Tambopata en la región de Puno. Constituye solo una parte del estudio más amplio que hemos realizado sobre el léxico de nombres de lugares, plantas, animales, enfermedades y objetos recogidos en la cuenca del río Tambopata que comprende en su recorrido a tres distritos de la Prov. de Sandia: Yanahuaya, San Juan del oro y Putina Punco. Se analizó lingüísticamente (fonología, léxico y semántica) la variación de los nombres que están relacionados con la lengua que hablan en la zona. Así mismo, se aplicó la teoría de la variación dialectal y el método de geografía lingüística o geolingüística para levantar isoglosas, con un enfoque descriptivo – interpretativo inspirado en la lingüística estructural y funcional.

Se ha probado la hipótesis planteada, que el abandono de la lengua y cultura es lenta. El objetivo del estudio es mostrar la dialectalización del aimara y los patrones de denotación y connotación. Este estudio servirá para elaborar la cartografía lingüística, diccionarios regionales. Así también contribuirá con el conocimiento de los saberes andinos que está presente en este avance cultural, asimismo fortalecerá la interculturalidad.
La lógica de adquisición del conocimiento práctico y la educación
Authors: Helberg Chávez Heinrich
Published: March 2022

En este artículo tratamos de reflexionar sobre la recientemente descubierta lógica de adquisición del conocimiento práctico y sus consecuencias para la educación y políticas educativas. Esta lógica se manifiesta en el proceso de socialización, que va concatenando unidades de sentido que son prácticas sociales con reglas implícitas y nunca formuladas, que requieren habilidades que el niño hace suyas mientras va haciéndose de su propio universo de sentido. Ese es el marco de referencia del niño: el sentido común, no el conocimiento del mundo. Porque la única fuente de conocimiento que tiene el niño es su lenguaje y su comunidad. Es este proceso el que evidencia la verdadera lógica del lenguaje, porque así como se adquiere el lenguaje, así es. Y solo reconociendo el lugar dominante que tiene la lógica del conocimiento práctico es que podemos sentar las bases de una educación pertinente e intercultural de todos que pueda evitar los gruesos etnocentrismos y los problemas del rechazo cultural que siempre enfrentan los proyectos educativos que no se sustentan en las culturas pedagógicas de los pueblos.
Sincronía y diacronía de los sonidos retroflejos del quechua huanca desde la fonética articulatoria
Authors: Ibarra Valer Richard Anthony
Published: March 2022

El quechua es una lengua muy estudiada por los lingüistas. Se le ha clasificado, principalmente, en distintas variedades de acuerdo a sus características fonémicas y morfémicas. De esta forma, el quechua huanca o wanka es una variedad que presenta, entre otras características, sonidos retroflejos: uno africado y otro fricativo. En consecuencia, estos sonidos, o solo el africado según otros autores, están dentro del inventario fonológico del llamado protoquechua, ya que se trata de sonidos complejos por su articulación. El objetivo de este artículo es brindar un estado de la cuestión sobre los sonidos retroflejos en el quechua wanka y evaluar las características articulatorias de este tipo de sonidos en otras lenguas andinas como el cauqui y el jaqaru, a la luz de los nuevos avances en el análisis fonético sobre la retroflexión, especialmente, desde el aporte de Hamman (2003) sobre el punto de articulación lingual.
El tiempo pretérito en el castellano andino de niños bilingües de Ayacucho
Authors: Esquivel Villafana Jorge
Published: March 2022

En el presente trabajo se describe y caracteriza el empleo de las formas verbales pretéritas perfectas e imperfectas, con sus respectivas variantes modales, en el castellano hablado por los niños bilingües quechua-castellano del distrito de La Mar (Ayacucho).
Actitudes lingüísticas de los nativos hablantes de quechua hacia los hablantes de aimara
Authors: Ochoa Yupanqui Adán
Published: March 2022

En este artículo se pretende descubrir las actitudes de los quechua hablantes nativos hacia el aimara. Es un estudio de tipo cualitativo, la muestra es no-probabilística y está compuesta por cinco colaboradores hablantes nativos de quechua que actualmente viven en Lima y migraron desde jóvenes a dicha ciudad. Dos de estos colaboradores proceden de dos localidades de Puno, otros dos provienen de localidades de Cusco y una, de Apurímac. Sus edades varían entre los 52 y 76 años. Se procedió a aplicar una entrevista semiestructurada con preguntas directas e indirectas para descubrir sus actitudes lingüísticas hacia el aimara en sus diversos componentes. El artículo concluye que los quechua hablantes tienden a presentar actitudes lingüísticas variantes entre neutras y negativas hacia el aimara en el componente afectivo y una clara actitud negativa en el componente cognoscitivo, debido a las oportunidades laborales y el prestigio del aimara a nivel nacional.
Transformaciones fonológicas, morfológicas y semánticas de los apellidos aimaras: Quispe, Mamani, Colque, Choque y Condori
Authors: Arocutipa Saira Milusca T. , Castrillo Yavar Ruth Elizabeth , Mamani Paucar Carmen J. , Ramos Maque Vilma
Published: March 2022

En algún momento de sus vidas las personas se preguntan sobre el significado que tienen sus nombres y apellidos. No obstante, pocos logran conocerlo, ya que muchos de estos provienen de una lengua originaria; los cuales, con el tiempo perdieron su significado y originalidad, debido al contacto entre lenguas y culturas. Por ello, en el presente artículo se analiza desde el enfoque antroponímico las transformaciones que se han dado a nivel fonológico, semántico o morfológico en los apellidos aimaras; para ello, se utiliza el método de documentación escrita, puesto que se recurre a investigaciones realizadas sobre los apellidos aimaras. En ese sentido, el artículo concluye que los apellidos sufrieron transformaciones fonológicas, morfológicas y semánticas, debido a la sustitución de fonemas oclusivos por fonemas simples, la sustitución de fonemas aimaras por fonemas del castellano y la adición de fonemas, lo que ocasionó la pérdida de su significado y originalidad.
En torno al efecto Baldwin: evolución y lenguaje
Authors: Casas Navarro Raymundo
Published: March 2022

A partir del protolenguaje propio del Homo erectus y en virtud de un proceso de mutación aleatoria, se arribó a un sistema computacional muy sofisticado con capacidad de desplazamiento y definido por una operación sintáctica esencial: el Merge recursivo e ilimitado. El modo de explicar la aparición de una facultad simbólica computacional, ex hypothesis específica, del Homo sapiens (c. 50 000 años) se entiende como un salto evolutivo trascendental e implica, en nuestra perspectiva, propugnar una suerte de asimilación genética conocida como efecto Baldwin. Este efecto implica la defensa científica de la siguiente proposición: en un determinado escenario biológico signado por la precariedad, la mejor estrategia es optimizar la plasticidad, de tal manera que los resultados de un aprendizaje conductual eficiente se incorporen de manera rauda, en términos evolutivos, a la base genética. El gran dinamismo cultural de nuestra especie ha permitido conjeturar un gran salto adelante que implicó la aparición del lenguaje recursivo. Este sistema tiene tan enorme significado evolutivo que debiera ser entendido en el marco de la teoría de la evolución, pero hay que reconocer que se puede generar cierta hesitación si esta teoría se entiende solo en términos del puro y estricto darwinismo. Solamente podemos superar el razonable escepticismo si se añade al marco de la teoría sintética de la evolución un mecanismo que acelere el ritmo, de por sí lento, de la selección natural: el efecto Baldwin. Dado que nos encontramos en un dominio de la ciencia donde no caben los experimentos controlados propios de una metodología estrictamente positivista, la mejor aproximación metódica estriba en considerar la potencia heurística de los experimentos mentales, de los falsadores potenciales y del razonamiento basado en la convergencia de abducciones.
Los estados atributivos y locativos: estudio semántico cognitivo de la caracterización en el español de Lima
Authors: Lazo García Verónica
Published: March 2022

Los estados atributivos relacionan entidades del mundo con propiedades. En el español, se expresan, en la sintaxis, como proyecciones de frases verbales estructurados por verbos copulativos o semicopulativos, como núcleos y frases adjetivas, frases preposicionales, frases nominales y construcciones relativas como sus complementos. A nivel cognitivo, estas estructuras semántico-sintácticas cumplen una misma función: la caracterización de los objetos del mundo por parte de un conceptualizador. El objetivo de este trabajo es explicar este proceso cognitivo en el español describiendo sus estructuras semántico-sintácticas y su uso. Para ello, se ha empleado una muestra de 117 oraciones recogidas mediante una encuesta a 31 estudiantes universitarios. El análisis se realizó de acuerdo con los postulados de la semántica formal de Moreno Cabrera, 2003; Chafe, 1970; y de la semántica cognitiva de Talmy, 2000; Fillmore, 1985; y Langacker, 1999. Los resultados de la investigación muestran que, desde la sintaxis, la caracterización se expresa con mayor frecuencia con frases adjetivas, y en menor grado con frases preposicionales, participios y construcciones relativas. Desde el uso, la atribución se expresa de manera diferente en las mujeres y en los varones. Así, las mujeres utilizaron más atributos para caracterizar a las entidades y prestaron más atención al dominio conceptual del físico, como la forma y color de piel y cabello, la edad y la actitud. Los varones, en cambio, emplearon más la caracterización eventiva y atribuciones relacionadas con la postura de la entidad caracterizada.
La gerencia social en la Universidad Nacional Intercultural de la Amazonía y su relación con la implementación de una política educativa con enfoque intercultural
Authors: Castillo Farroñay Zamia Ivon
Published: March 2022

El proceso de implementación de toda política o programa es complejo en sí mismo y puede presentar una serie de factores que dificultan su desarrollo. El establecimiento de una política educativa con enfoque intercultural no es ajeno a ello, pues —como todo proceso— debe implementarse y luego evaluarse. Este artículo pretende reflexionar en torno a esas formas de implementación llevadas a cabo en un contexto específico: la Universidad Nacional Intercultural de la Amazonía (UNIA), pues es sabido que desarrolla el enfoque de la interculturalidad como parte de su visión a largo plazo. Para ello, se hace referencia a los logros y limitaciones que este sistema conlleva y se presenta una propuesta de ejes e indicadores para este sistema de gerencia que contribuyan al proceso de implementación del enfoque intercultural. Además, enfatizamos la necesidad de reformular estrategias metodológicas de enseñanza-aprendizaje que consideren como parte de sus contenidos los saberes desarrollados por los diferentes pueblos originarios existentes en nuestro país y el funcionamiento y promoción del idioma por parte de los estudiantes originarios y no originarios. Finalmente, la UNIA tiene logros importantes en su sistema de gerencia social; no obstante, necesita tomar en consideración temas como el fortalecimiento de capacidades, la articulación con instituciones aliadas, el repensar las estrategias de enseñanza-aprendizaje y una propuesta curricular que tome en consideración la situación lingüística y cultural de sus estudiantes (tratamiento de lenguas, fomento a la investigación científica, entre otros).
MEDIA LITERACY IN PANANCANGAN VILLAGE, CIBADAK DISTRICT, LEBAK REGENCY, BANTEN PROVINCE
Authors: Darajat Deden Mauli
Published: March 2022

Abstract. This article is research with a community service approach using qualitative methods and descriptive analysis. Data obtained from documents and informants through interview surveys. Literacy essentially means reading and writing. With the recent development of science, literacy has a broader meaning. It can be used in sharing scientific studies, such as media literacy. The author also conducts action research by going directly to the village community by conducting media literacy. By using communication media for village development, and the potential possessed by the village in terms of education, social and economy, it is hoped that the village will be more advanced and develop. Abstrak. Artikel ini merupakan penelitian dengan pendekatan pengabdian masyarakat dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dan analisis deskriptif.  Data diperoleh dari dokumen dan informan melalui survey wawancara. Literasi pada hakikatnya bermakna membaca dan menulis, dengan kata lain adalah melek aksara, dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan belakangan ini, literasi memiliki makna yang lebih luas, literasi bisa digunakan dalam berbagi kajian ilmu pengetahuan, seperti literasi media. Penulis juga melakukan action research dengan terjun langsung ke masyarakat desa dengan melakukan literasi media. Hasilnya diharapkan desa lebih maju dan berkembang dengan menggunakan media komunikasi untuk pengembangan desa dengan potensi yang dimiliki dalam hal pendidikan, sosial dan ekonomi masyarakatnya.
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation and Health Care Utilization of Medically Complex Children
Authors: Thomson Joanna , Butts Breann , Camara Saige , Rasnick Erika , Brokamp Cole , Heyd Caroline , Steuart Rebecca , Callahan Scott , Taylor Stuart , Beck Andrew F.
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVES

To assess the association between neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation and health care utilization in a cohort of children with medical complexity (CMC).

METHODS

Cross-sectional study of children aged <18 years receiving care in our institution’s patient-centered medical home (PCMH) for CMC in 2016 to 2017. Home addresses were assigned to census tracts and a tract-level measure of socioeconomic deprivation (Deprivation Index with range 0–1, higher numbers represent greater deprivation). Health care utilization outcomes included emergency department visits, hospitalizations, inpatient bed days, and missed PCMH clinic appointments. To evaluate the independent association between area-level socioeconomic deprivation and utilization outcomes, multivariable Poisson and linear regression models were used to control for demographic and clinical covariates.

RESULTS

The 512 included CMC lived in neighborhoods with varying degrees of socioeconomic deprivation (median 0.32, interquartile range 0.26–0.42, full range 0.12–0.82). There was no association between area-level deprivation and emergency department visits (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.93 to 1.04), hospitalizations (aRR 0.97; 95% CI: 0.92 to 1.01), or inpatient bed-days (aRR 1.00, 95% CI: 0.80 to 1.27). However, there was a 13% relative increase in the missed clinic visit rate for every 0.1 unit increase in Deprivation Index (95% CI: 8%–18%).

CONCLUSIONS

A child’s socioeconomic context is associated with their adherence to PCMH visits. Our PCMH for CMC includes children living in neighborhoods with a range of socioeconomic deprivation and may blunt effects from harmful social determinants. Incorporating knowledge of the socioeconomic context of where CMC and their families live is crucial to ensure equitable health outcomes.
Arrhythmias in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Akhtar Zaki , Leung Lisa WM , Kontogiannis Christos , Chung Isaac , Bin Waleed Khalid , Gallagher Mark M
Published: March 2022

Arrhythmias cause disability and an increased risk of premature death in the general population but far more so in patients with renal failure. The association between the cardiac and renal systems is complex and derives in part from common causality of renal and myocardial injury from conditions including hypertension and diabetes. In many cases, there is a causal relationship, with renal dysfunction promoting arrhythmias and arrhythmias exacerbating renal dysfunction. In this review, the authors expand on the challenges faced by cardiologists in treating common and uncommon arrhythmias in patients with renal failure using pharmacological interventions, ablation and cardiac implantable device therapies. They explore the most important interactions between heart rhythm disorders and renal dysfunction while evaluating the ways in which the coexistence of renal dysfunction and cardiac arrhythmia influences the management of both.
Educação midiática a serviço da desconstrução de estereótipos de gênero
Authors: Doyle Andréa
Published: March 2022

O trabalho aproxima a educação midiática dos estudos de gênero com uma perspectiva crítica e feminista. Seu objetivo é compreender de que forma práticas de mídia-educação podem também promover a desconstrução de estereótipos de gênero. A pesquisa tem caráter qualitativo e bibliográfico, com metodologia pautada na análise descritiva. Discute a noção de estereótipo de gênero, seguida de uma revisão de literatura sobre educação midiática. Apresenta cinco práticas de ensino, selecionadas pela sua diversidade tanto em relação aos meios (fotografia, música, filme, televisão e propaganda) quanto às regiões de realização (Brasil, Estados Unidos da América, Taiwan, Canadá e Equador). Conclui que é possível ensinar competências midiáticas e promover a desconstrução de estereótipos de gênero por meio de práticas críticas que rejeitam a desconexão da escola com a cultura popular e a reprodução de estereótipos ao promover momentos de reflexão, debate, criatividade e autonomia.
Crafts Revival in Ecovillages
Authors: Farkas Judit
Published: March 2022

The basic goal of ecovillages is to create a sustainable lifestyle and community. Many residents of Hungarian ecovillages consider traditional peasant culture the example of an ecological lifestyle; for them, traditional peasant ecological knowledge and practice is an important reference point. Therefore, the pursuit of ecological ideology and an eco-conscious, sustainable way of life naturally leads ecovillagers to peasant material culture. In this study, I present the revival of handicraft heritage in rural eco-communities. I provide an insight into how traditional artifact-making activities come to life, how the old tools of Hungarian peasant culture are used, collected, and copied, and I present the place and interpretation of these old trades and their masters in these communities. The study is based on my ethnographic-anthropological research conducted in Hungarian ecovillages since 2007.
Two cases of black human breast milk not related to minocycline. A sphingolipidomic approach
Authors: Cerquiglini Laura , Troiani Stefania , Gizzi Chiara , Dei Cas Michele , Paroni Rita , Signorelli Paola , Mencacci Antonella , Radicioni Maurizio , Pasquino Stefano , De Lio Maria Cristina , Cossignani Lina , Verducci Giuseppa , Conte Carmela , Beccari Tommaso , Cataldi Samuela , Albi Elisabetta
Published: March 2022

Different colors of human breast milk (HBM) are reported in literature, and black milk is produced only during minocycline therapy. We herein report two cases of black/dark gray color HBM without minocycline involvement. We analyzed both milk samples and compared the data with two control HBM samples taken from two mothers who had the same dietary behaviors and took the same supplements (iron) as done by the mothers under study. Results indicated that the black color was not due to iron intake, disease or infection. With Sudan III stain, specific for lipids, dark precipitates were evident. Antioxidant power was much higher in studied milk samples than in control samples. As antioxidants at high levels become pro-oxidants, our data suggested possible lipid oxidation. Sphingolipid profile of black milk samples demonstrated accumulation of sphingomyelin and ceramide, which could be a sign of impaired lipid metabolism. It was concluded that iron supplementation was not responsible for HBM pigmentation, but altered biochemical mechanisms in the mammary gland could be implicated. In our experience, dark color HBM did not represent an absolute indication for discontinuation of breastfeeding.
Investigation of the characteristics of sulfurized electrochromic Ni(OH)2-PVA films deposited on transparent substrates
Authors: Kotok Valerii , Kovalenko Vadym , Nafeev Rovil , Melnyk Olena
Published: March 2022

Obtaining new types of composite coatings for various purposes is the most important direction in chemistry. The synthesis of composite hydroxide-sulfide compounds can be useful in various areas of applied electrochemistry.
Using a simple two-step method, thin films composed of nickel hydroxide sulfide-polyvinyl alcohol were formed. The production of nickel hydroxide sulfide-polyvinyl alcohol composite was carried out by holding the nickel hydroxide-polyvinyl alcohol composite coating formed on the glass electrode with an electrically conductive substrate in a solution of 0.03 M Na2S for 10 minutes. The formation of nickel sulfide on the surface of nickel hydroxide was shown indirectly. It was shown that there were no changes in morphology after the treatment of the electrode in sodium sulfide solution.
As a result of the treatment, the electrochemical and electrochromic characteristics changed. There was some deterioration in the average coloration depth from 55 % to 49 % for the electrode containing nickel sulfide. The electrochemical characteristics also deteriorated slightly after the formation of the sulfide film, namely, the specific capacitance, which went to the passage of anodic and cathodic processes. However, the capacitance efficiency increased from 83 % to 87 % for the sulfide-treated film. Despite this, this simple method is considered to be potentially promising for the formation of electrodes for use in other electrochemical devices.
In addition, due to the treatment in a sodium sulfide solution, it became possible to roughly determine the size of the nickel hydroxide clusters in the nickel hydroxide-polyvinyl alcohol composite coating. These clusters did not exceed 430 nm in size, which was almost equal to the lower limit of the wavelength of the visible spectrum.
Image processing procedure for remote recording of the Gambusia sp. introduced into a water for anti-malaria
Authors: Vуsotska Olena , Nosov Konstantin , Hnoevyi Igor , Porvan Andrii , Rysovana Lyubov , Dovnar Alexandr , Babakov Mikhail , Kalenichenko Marharyta
Published: March 2022

The object of research is the procedure for processing digital images for remote registration of Gambusia sp., introduced into water bodies to combat malaria, which threatens not only the African region, but also other latitudes of the world. One of the most problematic areas of research is the elimination of the masking effect of a biological object under conditions of interference (for example, water turbidity) that make it difficult to recognize Gambusia sp. on digital images taken from aboard light drones.
In the course of the study, approaches were used that allow dividing a digital image into segments and sub-segments, followed by determining the ratio of the colorimetric parameters of the RGB model of the bottom section. Dispersion and correlation analysis of mean values and mean square deviation values of the RGB model parameters were used. The standard deviation was considered as the degree of diversity of colorimetric parameters in the color of a biological object.
The proposed procedure made it possible to reveal a moderate negative correlation between the predominance of green and yellow-orange-red phytopigments in the dynamics of the Margalef model of phytocenosis succession in the places of introduction and habitation of Gambusia sp. This is due to the fact that the shielding of phytocenosis areas by Gambusia sp. is reflected in the nature of the relationship of the colorimetric parameters of the RGB model of the bottom area, namely, they affect the correlation between the average values of the parameters G/(R+G+B) and R/G or between the mean value and the standard deviation of the parameter G/(R+G+B). This makes it possible to use Gambusia sp. in regions affected by malaria, a wide range of light drones with remote photofixation of relatively low quality. The implementation of these possibilities will require much less material costs and a small number of personnel than underwater video filming and other known methods for studying the ichthyofauna of small water bodies in conditions of interference. It is about the registration of the results of the introduction of Gambusia sp. in such water bodies to fight malaria.
Comparative characteristics of the ability of convolutional neural networks to the concept of transfer learning
Authors: Khotsyanovsky Vladimir
Published: March 2022

The object of research is the ability to combine a previously trained model of a deep neural network of direct propagation with user data when used in problems of determining the class of one object in the image. That is, the processes of transfer learning in convolutional neural networks in classification problems are considered. The conducted researches are based on application of a method of comparison of theoretical and practical results received at training of convolutional neural networks. The main objective of this research is to conduct two different learning processes. Traditional training during which in each epoch of training there is an adjustment of values of all weights of each layer of a network. After that there is a process of training of a neural network on a sample of the data presented by images. The second process is learning using transfer learning methods, when initializing a pre-trained network, the weights of all its layers are «frozen» except for the last fully connected layer. This layer will be replaced by a new one with the number of outputs, which should be equal to the number of classes in the sample. After that, to initialize its parameters by the random values distributed according to the normal law. Then conduct training of such convolutional neural network on the set sample. When the training was conducted, the results were compared. In conclusion, learning from convolutional neural networks using transfer learning techniques can be applied to a variety of classification tasks, ranging from numbers to space objects (stars and quasars). The amount of computer resources spent on research is also quite important. Because not all model of a convolutional neural network can be fully taught without powerful computer systems and a large number of images in the training sample.
Effects of the Alpha-Health intervention on elderly’s health literacy in primary health care
Authors: Serbim Andreivna Kharenine , Santos Naiana Oliveira dos , Paskulin Lisiane Manganelli Girardi
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess the effects of the Alpha-Health intervention on health literacy and health habits of elderly people linked to primary care, when compared to usual health care. Methods: a quasi-experimental investigation, with mixed methods, with 21 elderly individuals in each group. Alpha-Health was performed by a nurse for five months. The Short Assessment of Health Literacy for Portuguese Speaking Adults, Health Literacy and questions about health habits were used. In the quantitative analysis, the GEE Model was used, and in the qualitative, thematic analysis. Results: there was an interaction effect on health literacy scores. Health habits such as vaccination, three meals a day and meat consumption had a statistically significant interaction effect. In the qualitative stage, development in skills of accessing, communicating and assessing information was observed as well as stability in the ability to understand. Conclusions: Alpha-Health is an important device for developing elderly’s health literacy.
Delirium in the elderly admitted to an emergency hospital service
Authors: Billig Ariel Eduardo , Lampert Melissa Agostini , Guerra Renata Rojas , Steigleder Natália Evaldt
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: To check for the presence of delirium in the elderly entering the emergency room (ER) of the University Hospital of Santa Maria (HUSM) and their relationship with sociodemographic variables, reason and time of hospitalization, comorbidities, and death. Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional exploratory study, which analyzed data from the sociodemographic profile, Confusion Assessment Method, Charlson Comorbidities Index, and follow-up of the outcomes “in-hospital death” and “length of hospitalization.” The period analyzed in the study was between July and December 2019. Results: Of the 732 participants, 394 (53.90%) were men, with an average age of 72 years. The study identified Delirium in 99 (13.52%) participants, and death, in 120 (16.39%). There was an association of this disorder with age, comorbidities, length of hospitalization, death, and some reasons for hospitalization, such as diseases of the circulatory, respiratory and genitourinary systems. Conclusion: The results warn of the high incidence of delirium in emergency units and their relationship with a worse prognosis.
Women’s perception of labor and birth care: obstacles to humanization
Authors: Rodrigues Diego Pereira , Alves Valdecyr Herdy , Silva Angela Maria e , Penna Lucia Helena Garcia , Vieira Bianca Dargam Gomes , Silva Sílvio Éder Dias da , Reis Laena Costa dos , Branco Maria Bertilla Lutterbach Riker
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT Objectives: to understand women’s perception regarding the care received during labor and birth. Methods: this is a descriptive-exploratory, qualitative study carried out with 54 postpartum women from hospitals in the Metropolitan Region II of the state of Rio de Janeiro, from January to December 2018, using semi-structured interviews submitted to content analysis. Results: puerperal women’s perceptions about the childbirth care they received indicated the use of interventions, such as pressure maneuvers on the uterine fundus during the expulsion period - Kristeller maneuver, episiotomy and repeated vaginal examination and without consent. The use of institutional routines, such as zero diet, horizontal birth and disrespect. Final Considerations: despite the encouragement of public humanization policies, the technocratic model is still present in obstetric care during childbirth. The humanization of obstetric care requires changes in attitudes and care paradigms, in order to guarantee respect and the right to quality care.
Knowledge, attitude and practice of people with HIV regarding a healthy lifestyle: clinical trial
Authors: Lima Maria Amanda Correia , Cunha Gilmara Holanda da , Lopes Marcos Venícios de Oliveira , Fontenele Marina Soares Monteiro , Siqueira Larissa Rodrigues , Ramalho Ane Kelly Lima
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of an educational booklet on the knowledge, attitude and practice of a healthy lifestyle in people with HIV. Methods: Randomized clinical trial with 75 intervention group patients using the booklet, and 75 control group patients undergoing usual service care. Data collection occurred in four moments, with a Survey pertaining Knowledge, Attitude and Practice. Nonparametric analysis of variance of repeated measures was used. Results: 70 participants in the intervention group and 74 in the control group completed the study. In terms of knowledge, there was no difference between groups, the booklet impact came late, increasing after reassessments. In attitudes, there was a difference between groups in the two- and four-month reassessments compared to the baseline. In practices, there was a difference in the intervention group compared to the control group at two, four, and six months compared to baseline. Conclusion: The booklet was effective in improving healthy lifestyle knowledge, attitudes, and practices in people with HIV.
Production and validation of the short film Pés que te quero®: educational technology for people with diabetes
Authors: Menezes Luciana Gomes Catunda , Guedes Maria Vilani Cavalcante , Oliveira Sherida Karinini Paz de , Rocha Roseanne Montargil , Pinheiro Ana Karina Bezerra , Silva Lúcia de Fátima da , Moura Denizielle de Jesus Moreira , Coelho Manuela de Mendonça Figueirêdo
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the production and validation of short film type educational technology for the prevention of diabetic foot ulcers. Methods: A methodological study focused on the validation of a short film. The construction of the film was carried out in three stages: pre-production, production, and post-production. Thirty-seven evaluators undertook the internal validation, divided into two groups of 31 proficient nurses and six from the communication area. Fifteen people with diabetes mellitus performed the external validation. Result: The nursing proficient validated the script with a total content validity index of 0.95, with internal reliability of 0.849 conferred by Cronbach’s Alpha. Communication specialists validated with a content validity index of 0.97; and target audience with 0.95 (clarity) and 0.97 (relevance). Conclusion: The study showed that the short film is a valid and reliable educational technology to promote foot care to people with diabetes mellitus.
Prevalence of testing and coronavirus-19 among nurses in the pandemic
Authors: Cunha Gilmara Holanda da , Siqueira Larissa Rodrigues , Fontenele Marina Soares Monteiro , Moreira Lavna Albuquerque , Ramalho Ane Kelly Lima , Fechine Francisco Vagnaldo
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence of testing and COVID-19 among nurses during the pandemic in the State of Ceará. Method: A cross-sectional study with 379 nurses, through a network sampling technique, using a sociodemographic, labor, and clinical questionnaire. The study performed a descriptive statistics, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of testing and COVID-19 were, respectively, 63.3% and 25.0%. The most common symptoms were anosmia, ageusia, and myalgia. There was inadequate use of personal protective equipment due to material shortage. The odds ratio for COVID-19 was higher in those with children, people with diabetes, from the capital, with more than two jobs, in hospital and emergency room, and from the frontline. In the multivariate logistic regression, nurses with children (p=0.011), diabetics (p=0.018) and frontline (p<0.001) had more chances for COVID-19. Conclusion: Expanded testing, ongoing in-service education, and adequate personal protective equipment are needed to improve nurses’ work.
What do we know about flushing for intravenous catheter maintenance in hospitalized adults?
Authors: Ribeiro Gabriella da Silva Rangel , Campos Juliana Faria , Silva Rafael Celestino da
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: to evidence the use of flushing to prevent complications from intravenous therapy. Methods: an integrative review in databases, using descriptors and selection criteria. Data were collected in 12 articles using an instrument and later classified, summarized and aggregated for knowledge synthesis. Results: it was evident that: the pre-filled syringe resulted in a lower occurrence of catheter obstruction; irregular flushing frequency caused advanced phlebitis; the use of Venous Arterial Blood Management Protection (VAMP) generated a lower incidence of blood infection; heparinized solution did not result in a lower central catheter failure rate; flushing volume and frequency were not predictors of catheter failure; flushing practice was not shown to be incorporated among professionals. Conclusion: there are disagreements about the volume, frequency, solution and devices used in flushing. New technologies can reduce complications such as obstruction and infection.
Production and use of educational technologies in nursing post-graduation
Authors: Melo Priscila de Oliveira Cabral , Mendes Ryanne Carolynne Marques Gomes , Linhares Francisca Márcia Pereira , Guedes Tatiane Gomes
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: To report, under the light of Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences, the experience of students with advanced educational practices, involving the production and use of technologies in the postgraduation nursing course of the Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Methods: Experience report of students from the post-graduation nursing program from the Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, about the production of knowledge using educational technology and the application of active methodologies in the teaching-learning process for face-to-face and distance teaching. Results: The post-graduate students participated in the educational process in a creative way, both during in-person and distance teaching. They created: domino games, educational videos, parodies, conceptual maps, virtual role-playing, an interactive quiz, among others. Final considerations: The experience of the students with the advanced educational practices, including the production and use of technologies in nursing post-graduation showed that the teaching-learning process can be innovative and planned to go beyond traditional methods.
Applying the Safe Child® Method for inserting earrings in children’s earlobes
Authors: Izabel Luciana Silva Rodrigues Santa , Souza Danton Matheus de
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: To report the experience of applying the Safe Child® Method for inserting earrings in children’s earlobes. Method: Experience report. The method is organized in order to explain the procedure’s protocol with three steps: 1) Pre-service guidelines; 2) Perforation of the earlobe; and 3) Post-procedure orientations, carried out exclusively at home, lasting approximately one hour and 30 minutes. Results: Earlobe perforation occurs using pharmacological and non-pharmacological relaxation techniques, with the inclusion of the family, to promote care that is free from damage and trauma. Final considerations: The method aims to protect the child’s physical and emotional health, providing a pleasant experience for the binomial. The techniques and actions used, based on scientific evidence, allow the practice of humanized care, with the empowerment of nurses and autonomy beyond health services.
Bud dormancy evolution in apple genotypes with contrasting chilling requirements
Authors: Anzanello Rafael , Fialho Flávio Bello , Santos Henrique Pessoa dos
Published: March 2022

Abstract This work evaluates how thermal regimes with constant or oscillating temperatures affect the onset and overcome of endodormancy in apple buds with low (‘Castel Gala’) and high (‘Royal Gala’) chilling requirements. Apple twigs were collected in Papanduva-SC orchards during the autumn/winter of 2010 and 2011, and submitted to constant (3°C) or cycling (3/15°C for 6/18h, 12/12h or 18/6h) temperatures for up to 1466 chilling hours (CH). Periodically, a portion of twigs in each treatment was transferred to 25°C, for budburst evaluation. An environmental stress in 2010 caused premature leaf fall on the field, reduced initial budburst in ‘Royal Gala’ samples and interfered with dormancy onset in both cultivars. Cycling temperature treatments with few CH/day decreased partially this effect, allowing buds to enter a dormancy state more efficiently. No significant stress was observed in the orchard in 2011, when dormancy evolution was similar in all thermal treatments, being induced with 54 and 123 CH and overcome with 363 and 662 CH for ‘Castel Gala’ and ‘Royal Gala’, respectively. Apparently, the manner in which apple bud dormancy is induced affects its depth and consequently the total number of chilling hours required to overcome it, making the onset phase fundamental in dormancy studies.
Dental caries and anthropometrics of children living in an informal floating Amazonian community: a cross-sectional pilot study
Authors: Seminario Ana Lucia , Alpert Elizabeth , Bernabé Eduardo , Liu Jennifer , Andrews Leann , Alarcón Jorge A. , Chong Mauro Milko Echevarría , Zunt Joseph
Published: March 2022

Abstract Aims: Increasing evidence supports a relationship between poor oral health and growth in children. Our objective was to assess the association between the presence of dental caries and anthropometric measurements of children residing in Claverito, a floating slum community in the Peruvian Amazon. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, presence of caries was assessed using dmft/DMFT (decayed, missing, filled teeth) scores and the SiC Index (mean dmft/DMFT of one-third of the study group with the highest caries score). Anthropometric categories for age-sex-specific z-scores for height and weight were calculated based on WHO standardized procedures and definitions. The association between SiC (measured by dmft/DMFT) and anthropometric measures was estimated using unadjusted and adjusted multivariable linear regression models. Critical value was established at 5%. Results: Our study population consisted of 67 children between the ages of 1 and 18 years old. Mean age was 9.5 years old (SD: 4.5), and the majority were female (52.2%). Almost all had dental caries (97.0%) and the mean dmft/DMFT score was 7.2 (SD: 4.7). The SiC Index of this population was 9.0. After adjusting for confounding variables, participants who had permanent dentition with the highest dmft/DMFT levels had statistically significant decreased height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) (p=0.04). Conclusions: We found an inverse linear association between SiC Index and height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) among children living in poverty in a floating Amazonian community in Peru. Children from under-resourced communities, like floating slums, are at high risk for oral disease possibly negatively impacting their growth and development.