bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AYURVEDIC TECHNIQUES FOR THE TREATMENT OF EDEMATOUS FIBRO SCLEROTIC PANNICULOPATY (EFSP)
Authors: Amin Ariza , Candelaria Contreras , Mila García Luz , Martha Y Lucero
Published: July 2021

In the present study, an aesthetic treatment was implemented to reduce Edematous Fibro sclerotic Panniculopaty (EFSP) with Ayurvedic techniques according to each of the three Doshas: Pitta, Kapha and Vata. EFSP is an aesthetic alteration that has been increasing due to bad nutritional habits and sedentary lifestyle, being one of the main reasons for the consultation of women who feel dissatisfied with their body's physical appearance. The present study was conducted to identify the effectiveness of Ayurvedic techniques for reducing Edematous Fibro sclerotic Panniculopaty in women between 30 and 45 years of age. A clinical research was carried out, applying the integral Ayurveda protocol to three patients for one month, taking into account the follow-up of anthropometric measurements and morphological profile within each patient. We used oils made from plants and poultices, marma points with a mixture of artichoke, eggplant, pineapple, rue, seaweed, Lippia alba, cardamom oil, turmeric essential oil, detox cinnamon essential oil, clove essential oil, coconut and olive and sesame oil. The results obtained were successful, achieving an improvement in the texture and tone of the skin, and in addition to the above, as an unexpected result, there was also an improvement in blood circulation and an improvement in the skin's pigmentation of the patients. Alternative aesthetic treatments with Ayurvedic techniques are useful and effective for treating Edematous Fibro sclerotic Panniculopaty (EFSP). These treatments are lower cost, non-invasive and without adverse effects.
ANTI-MICROBIAL EFFICACY OF AN ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF MURRAYA KOENIGII AGAINST PERIODONTAL PATHOGENS LIKE PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS AND AGGREGATIBACTER ACTINOMYCETEMCOMITANS: IN VITRO ANALYSIS
Authors: Kalburgi Nagaraj B , Koregol Arati C , Patil Ruchita S , Puttarevanna Tejashwini
Published: July 2021

Periodontitis is primarily an infectious disease with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans present in plaque biofilm as the key pathogens, causing destruction of supporting periodontal tissues. Herbal formulations are widely substituting synthetic anti-microbials due to their minimal adverse effects and cost effectiveness. Murraya koenigii (M. koenigii) is a well-known anti-microbial agent used in treating systemic infections. Hence its anti-microbial efficacy against key periodontal pathogens also needs to be tested. The aim of this study is to determine Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), and zone of inhibition of M. koenigii ethanolic extract against P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans. Thioglycollate agar was used for culturing both P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans. For determination of MIC and MBC broth dilution technique was used. For MIC, serial dilutions of extract were made and culture tubes were incubated in an anaerobic jar and observed for their turbidity. For MBC determination, dilution tubes sensitive to MIC were plated and incubated for the next 24 hours to monitor growth, and colony count was taken. MIC results showed A. actinomycetemcomitans was more sensitive to M. koenigii extract than P. gingivalis and got inhibited at 0.8 μg/ml. Also, MBC results showed extract has strong bactericidal activity towards A. actinomycetemcomitans. Disk diffusion test results showed bactericidal activity against both A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis with a larger inhibition zone (15 mm) towards P. gingivalis at a concentration of 75 μl/ml. M. koenigii ethanolic extract is bactericidal against periodontal pathogens like A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis and can be used as a safe and effective alternative for synthetic chemotherapeutic agents in the future.
USES OF INDIGENOUS MEDICINAL PLANTS OF EAST KHASI HILLS, MEGHALAYA, NORTHEAST INDIA: A REVIEW STUDY
Authors: . Neelam , Dwivedi K N
Published: July 2021

Meghalaya, the hilly state, is one of the seven states of North-Eastern region of India. This small state was carved out of Assam and made a full –fledged state on 21st January 1972. The Khasi, Jaintia, Bhoi and War, are collectively known as the Hynniewtrep people and they predominantly inhabit the districts of Eastern Meghalaya. Indigenous people are generally very knowledgeable about the wild medicinal plants around them, many of them have local names and are important to the people as folklore. The present topic is chosen to explore the indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants by Khasi tribe in East Khasi Hills, Meghalaya. To explore the knowledge of medicinal plants, many Villagers and traditional healers (Ojhas) who were experienced in practicing indigenous or folk medicine are consulted to gather information. In this review study a total of 30 medicinal plants are documented and information on local names, scientific names, family, habit, plant parts used and medicinal uses of these plants are also given. The documented plant species are used for some common ailments like headache, stomach problems, cold, cough and fever, jaundice, skin diseases, blood pressure and diabetes etc. These plants are taken orally in the form of Swarasa (juices) or Kwatha (decoction). These kinds of traditional practices require scientific validation and documentation of their therapeutics in Ayurveda.
A REVIEW ON PHARMACOLOGICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILE OF KHATMI (ALTHAEA OFFICINALIS LINN.): AN IMPORTANT MUCILAGINOUS PLANT AND ITS UTILIZATION IN UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE
Authors: Husain Mazhar , Zaigham M , . Hamiduddin , Wadud Abdul , Ali Mohd Akhtar
Published: July 2021

Traditional medicines / drugs are helpful for management of life style disorders and chronic and acute diseases. Khatmi (Althea officinalis Linn.) is a one of the commonly used drugs that has potential for management of many diseases. The meaning of Khatmi (Marshmallow) is Kaseer-al-manafe (Multi actions) in Unani literature. Roots, flowers and seeds of Khatmi are used as a medicament. According to Unani texts the main actions of Khatmi are demulcent, expectorant, defragment, concoctive, astringent, detergent and repellent. It is also used as part of many traditional recipes. Analgesic, emollient, antitussive and diuretic activity are the most ethnobotanical and traditional medicine considerations; also used in Unani medicine for the treatment of the different inflammatory conditions e.g., metritis (Warme reham), enteritis (Warme amaa), mastitis (Warme pistan), arthritis (Waja ul mafasil) etc. Alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, Flavonoids, Polysaccharides, Phytosterols, Fatty acids, Mucilages, Hydroxybenzoic acid etc. are its main Chemical constituents. The whole plant parts yields mucilage in decoction and infusions, which is very useful in case of several ailments of mucous membranes. The scientifically proven / reported pharmacological activities are antitussive, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, UV exposure protective, anti-inflammatory, immune stimulating, antioxidant, antifungal, hepatoprotective, ulcer protective etc. These all findings reveal immense utility of Khatmi and scope for developing as a potent therapeutic tool particularly in contemporary lifestyle and also in immune susceptible diseases which is an emerging concern.
TUTTHA SHODHANA: CLASSICAL VIEW AND SCIENTIFIC REVIEW
Authors: . Jayalaxmi , Krishnamurthy MS , LV Chaitra
Published: July 2021

Rasa dravyas which are crude, are always subjected to many classical operative procedures before it used as a medicine, be it a metal, mineral or any other crude toxic drug. The aim of the Shodhana (detoxifying procedure) etc. procedures is to produce safe and effective medicine. Tuttha being one such rasa dravya a member of Maharasa varga and upadhatu of tamra is having a peculiar combination of nectar and poison mythologically, also subjected for different classical procedures like nirmalikarana (cleaning measures), Shodhana (procedures which removes blemishes) and Marana (incineration), Satwapatana (extractive procedures), so that it can be utilized in different forms for various therapeutic needs. So an attempt is made to review such Shodhana procedures through which crude drug Tuttha coverts into potent therapeutic drug and probable scientific aspects behind the media and method of Shodhana are dealt here.
IMPACT OF PRAKRITI ON COGNITION AND WORKING MEMORY: A REVIEW
Authors: Gupta Shilpy , Kumar Vijendra
Published: July 2021

State of body and mind depends upon individual Prakriti (type of body constitution). Medha is grasping power, for which proper functioning of memory and mind is essential. Medha includes Dhee (wisdom), Dhriti (retaining power of mind) and Smriti (memory) which are the component of higher mental function. Cognition involves different kind of information processing, recollection and overall process involved in the formation of memory. Working memory is a mental workspace for processing of both new input and retrieved memories. Dosha decide the Sharirik (bodily constitution) and Mansik Prakriti (psychological constitution) of individual. It helps to understand and describe individual health status and intelligence like characteristics. Prakriti have an effect on the working of higher mental function, every individual has its own constitution type and hence mental function works differently according to its constitution.
A CLASSICAL REVIEW ON SNAYUKA ROGA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO DRACUNCULIASIS
Authors: Chakraborty Swagata , Dey Ruma , Das Aparajita
Published: July 2021

Snayuka roga is caused by a kapha-raktaja krimi, named Snayuka. In Ayurveda, reference of Snayuka roga is available in Bhavprakash, Sharangadhara Samhita, Madhava Nidana and Yogaratnakara. This disease is characterised by shotha (swelling), daha (severe burning sensation), discolouration of skin, blisters formation similar to visarpa (Erysipelas) and it further worsens the condition if the jivam (worm) crawls out of ulcer breaks further worsens the condition. On complete exit of worm from body through the wound, the symptoms get reduced. However, it can reoccur in other distant places. These symptoms and presentation of Snayuka roga resembles with Dracunculiasis in modern science, which was endemic in various countries in last century. Dracunculiasis, a vector-borne disease, commonly known as Guinea-worm disease, is caused by the parasite called Dracunculus medinensis, commonly called as "Guinea-worm". Its larvae migrate through the Cyclops containing water to the hosts by drinking and after degeneration of Cyclops in the stomach; they migrate to subcutaneous tissues, causing severe pain along with burning sensation followed by local swelling, blisters and finally an ulcer. In India the GWD was endemic in 89 districts in seven states. India was declared as guinea worm disease free country by WHO in 2000. But intestinal parasitic infection is a main public health problem in developing countries. There is need to create awareness among people about intestinal parasitic infections. Hence, here an effort has been made to understand and review Snayuka roga, caused by Snayuka krimi as explained in Ayurvedic texts, correlating Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease- GWD).
NATURAL ANTIVIRALS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF SARS-COVID-19: A REVIEW
Authors: M Vasavi , M Pujitha , G Raagini , M Ramaiah , Rao K Ramalingeswara
Published: July 2021

Unlike previous outbreaks like SARS and MERS, caused by corona family viruses, COVID-19 became a much worse worldwide pandemic. SARS CoV-2, another coronavirus, causes it. Finding effective therapeutics against this global health crisis became a significant challenge for researchers. However, Allopathic medicine is effective to some extent with severe side effects, which cause concern. In this process, some researchers focused on natural compounds like plant-synthesized secondary metabolites (PSMs) for the treatment of COVID-19. Because these natural compounds like PSMs had a history of tackling a wide range of viral pathogens successfully without significant side effects. Many medicinal plants from different families have antiviral activities. This review intends to systematically evaluate the natural metabolites that could be used against this new disease looking at their natural sources, mechanism of action, and previous pharmacological usages. So, it can be a good initiation for the greater goal of finding effective natural therapeutics for the treatment of Covid-19 without any severe side effects.
A REVIEW ON TAMAKA SHWASA (BRONCHIAL ASTHMA)
Authors: Thakur Savita , Sapra Umesh Kumar
Published: July 2021

Tamaka Shwasa (Bronchial Asthma) is considered basically a disorder of Pranavaha Srotasa in which other Srotasa are also involved. In this condition, there is vitiation of Vayu from its normal state due to obstruction of Srotasa because of Kapha. Vitiation of Vayu leads to severe episodes of breathlessness and the patient feels darkness all around. As “Breathlessness” is the predominant symptom along with feeling of darkness, hence this disease is named so. There are similarities in the etiopathogenesis, signs and symptoms of Tamaka Shwasa (Bronchial Asthma) and Bronchial asthma. Clinically Tamaka Shwasa (Bronchial Asthma) is most important among different types of Shwasa described in Ayurveda. This paper emphasizes about the Ayurvedic view of Shwasa especially Tamaka Shwasa (Bronchial Asthma) along with modern perspective and establishes the strong resemblances between them.
AEGLE MARMELOS (BAEL PATRA): AN AYURVEDIC PLANT WITH ETHNOMEDICINAL VALUE
Authors: Choudhary Shailja , Chaudhary Gitika , Kaurav Hemlata
Published: July 2021

Aegle marmelos is considered as the most sacred or holy plant which is grown by the sides of Hindu temples. This plant is dedicated to Lord Shiva and is also believed that Lord Shiva resides under the Bael tree. Besides this, the plant is associated with a great medicinal value whose medicinal description is also mentioned in the ancient treatise like Vedas, Puranas, Charaka Samhita and Brihat Samhita and has also been portrayed in the paintings of Ajanta caves. Every part of the Bael plant is used to treat various diseases. In Ayurveda, the plant is used in Panchang form to treat diarrhea, dysentery and ulcer. In folklore, the plant parts are used to treat diabetes, skin diseases and typhoid, wound healing, ulcer, stomachache, jaundice, high BP, malaria, cancer and other diseases. The fruit of the plant is edible and carries great medicinal value because of the presence of vitamins, minerals and various antioxidants. The pulp of the fruit is aromatic, sweet, pale orange and resinous. The unripe fruit pulp of the plant is used to prepare murabba, pudding and juice. The plant is associated with ethnomedicinal uses and possesses various therapeutic and pharmacological properties including antioxidant, anti-diabetic, antihistamine, radio protective, antiulcer, anticancer, cardio-protective, antidiarrheal, antibacterial, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antiviral. In this review article, attempts have been made to summarize the phytochemistry, ethnomedicinal, Ayurvedic and pharmacological view of the Bael plant.
CONCEPTUAL REVIEW ON THE POTENTIAL OF PUNARNAVADYA GHRITA IN TACKLING THE SYMPTOMS OF COVID-19
Authors: Ram G Siva
Published: July 2021

COVID-19 disease has created panic among all with respect to health and economy. On 11th March 2020 WHO (world health organisation) declared novel corona virus outbreak as global pandemic. Confirmed effective remedy to prevent or treat COVID-19 is not yet established. Ayurveda, the Indian system of medicine is the oldest medicinal literature known to mankind as old as 3000 BC and is recognised as medical system by WHO. There is a need to investigate time tested potent classical Ayurvedic formulations backed by contemporary scientific studies in treating symptoms of COVID-19 disease. Vijaya (Cannabis sativa Linn.) in Ayurveda notable for its Vyavayi (quick absorption) and Yogavahi (synergetic action) properties said to be originated from ambrosia as per Vedic mythology. Recent scientific research on the phytochemicals of Cannabis plant showed promising results in decreasing the pro-inflammatory cytokine storm and to an extent halting the replication of SARS-CoV-2. We have put forward one such classical Cannabis Ayurvedic formulation Punarnavadya Ghrita available in market which can be useful as an alternative remedy for prophylactic and curative to the symptoms of novel corona virus disease whose individual herbal phytochemical compounds are studied through in silico, in vitro and in vivo methods in treating COVID-19 with positive outcomes.
Analysis of Solid Waste Composition and Management in Selected Markets and Residential Areas of Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna
Authors: Ijah A. A. , Abubakar A. S. , Ozoani H. C. , Adamu S. , Adedire O. O. , Zakka E. J. , Rasheed F. M. , Olukotun O. , Omodona S.
Published: July 2021

Samples of Municipal solid waste from dumps situated within four (4) markets located at Kawo, Monday, Sabo Tasha and Mando respectively, and two (2) residential areas located at Kabala Costain and Anguwan Sanusi in Kaduna metropolis were collected and segregated into various classifiable bulks; Organic, Inorganic and bacteria flora of the dumps were compared between the two categories of land users. The results obtained showed that there was a wide variation in the composition of waste in these two land use areas, organic waste made up of plant matters (Leaves, Grasses, Stumps food residues, Vegetables and ash) in this study has the highest percentage composition (65%) in market areas and 35.6% in residential areas, for inorganic waste consisting of glass, papers, metal and plastics account for 35% in market areas. Bacteria isolates from the dumps with their respective percentage prevalence were: E. coli (88.90%), Staphylococcus aureus (81.7%), Salmonella (47.3%), Klebsiella sp (44.1%), Shigella sp (46.6%) and Proteus Sp (35.2%) in market areas while in residential area the bacteria isolates 7prevalence showed: (57.5%), (44.2%),(28.1%),(25.2%),(17.8%) and (14.4%) respectively.
Impact of Coenzyme Q10 on Hormonal Profile in Male Sprague-Dawley Rat Exposed to Sub-Chronic Concentrations of Cypermethrin
Authors: Orlu Eme Efioanwan , Obulor Adetutu Olubunmi
Published: July 2021

Aim: This study was aimed at evaluating the impact of Coenzyme Q10 on hormonal profile in male Sprague-Dawley rat exposed to sub-chronic concentrations of Cypermethrin.

Experimental Design: A completely randomized experimental design using standard methods for analysis. Hormonal assay was carried out by Microplate Enzyme Immunoassay using their respective test kits. Including AccuBindTM Microplate EIA Test system from Monobind Inc. Lake Forest CA 92630 USA while statistical analysis was carried out using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA); where significant differences were found, Pair-wise comparisons conducted with Tukey test using SPSS 20 software.

Location and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in the Department of Biology, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education Rumuolumeni, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. GPS 4o48ʹ14ʹʹ N 6o59ʹ12ʹʹ E. The study lasted for 28days.

Methodology: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five groups, A-E(n=6/group).Group A was given cool clean water and standard rat pellet ad libitum. Group B,C and D were administered Cypermethrin @ 10mg/kg/bw,20mg/kg/bw,30mg/kg/bw respectively along with 10mg/kg/bw of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). Group E received 30mg/kg/bw of cypermethrin only without Coenzyme Q10. All animals were allowed access to cool clean water and standard rat pellet ad libitum. Bodyweight of the animals were taken twice a week and recorded in grams. Twenty-four hours before the animals were euthanized with ethyl ether inhalation, feed was withdrawn from the animals. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture between the hours of 7:00 and 9:00am into plain sample tubes according to the approved protocol of blood collection techniques. Analysis for the quantitative determination of all androgens was by Microplate Enzyme Immunoassay using the AccuBindTM Microplate EIA Test system from Monobind Inc. Lake Forest CA 92630 USA and expressed as their respective units. The animals were latter dissected and the vital organs harvested and weighed. The values were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS software 20.

Results: Results showed that there was no significant difference between the bodyweight and organ weight of animals in the treatment group compared with the control. Also, treatment with Cypermethrin only in group E, reduced the level of all the androgens considered in exposed animals. However, with concurrent administration of coenzyme Q10, the production of all androgens especially the production of Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone and Progesterone in groups B,C,D and Estrogen in group B were significantly (P=.05) increased to values higher than the control.

Conclusion: This elevation indicates the role of Coenzyme Q10 as an effective antioxidant to boost hormonal level production especially the level of androgens.
Translation of Brain Activity Patterns of a user into Commands using Electroencephalography (EEG)
Authors: Jadekar Ranjana B. , Sindhu A. R. , Vinay M. T.
Published: July 2021

Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) are systems that can translate the brain activity patterns of a user into messages or commands for an interactive application. The brain activity which is processed by the BCI systems is usually measured using Electroencephalography (EEG). The BCI system uses oscillatory Electroencephalography (EEG) signals, recorded using specific mental activity, as input and provides a control option by its output. A brain-computer interface uses electrophysiological signals to control the remote devices. They consist of electrodes applied to the scalp of an individual or worn in an electrode cap. The computer processes the EEG signals and uses it in order to accomplish tasks such as communication and environmental control.
The Production and Optimization of Bioethanol from Oil Palm Fronds: A Source of Renewable Energy
Authors: Eiroboyi I. , Yerima Y.
Published: July 2021

Environmental issues and the desire to be less dependent on fossil fuel have intensified research efforts towards the production of biofuels since they are a safe and clean alternatives to fossil fuels. However, the cost of carbohydrate raw materials has become a limiting factor for large-scale production, hence the need to source for low cost feedstock.

This study analyzed the processes and optimization involved in the production of bioethanol from oil palm fronds from Okada, Edo State, Nigeria, as an alternative source of energy. In this study, solid-state fermentation was carried out for the production of fermentable sugars from oil palm fronds inoculated with local isolate Aspergillus niger, the results from this analysis show that the pretreatment of oil palm frond substrate using Aspergillus niger was effective, The process was effectively optimized within the confines of the following parameters; temperature X3 (36-42oC), pH, X2 (5.1-5.7), inoculum, X4(4-22) and fermentation time X1 (0-36hr), an optimum Ethanol yield Y, of 110% was obtained.
Use of Doxycycline in a Renal Impaired Patient with Enteroccocal Sepsis
Authors: Iwuafor Anthony A. , Abraka Bode Akashie , Mbu Patrick Ntui , Ide Christian , Erengwa Princewill Chinedu , Ekeng Bassey Ewa
Published: July 2021

Aim: This report highlights the use of doxycycline therapy other than the more standard regimen that includes an aminoglycoside in the management of enterococcal infection in patients with renal impairment without causing further damages to the kidney due to aminoglycoside therapy.

Presentation of Case: A case of enteroccocal septicemia in a 29-year-old woman who was admitted on account of acute kidney injury secondary to pregnancy induced hypertension in the setting of pre-eclampsia. She was referred from another centre where she had emergency caesarean section done on account of severe pre-eclampsia at 36 weeks gestational age. Blood culture yielded Enterococcus species. When other antibiotic regimen failed, she was started on doxycycline. Patient had good clinical response and was discharged 7 days after commencement of doxycycline.

Discussion: Enteroccoci have emerged as important agent of human disease largely because of their resistance to antimicrobial agents. They are important nosocomial pathogens capable of causing serious and potentially life-threatening infections, including sepsis. The incidence of enteroccocal infections, mainly hospital-acquired, has increased over the past 2 decades and isolates with novel mechanism of resistance to antimicrobial agents are more and more frequent. Furthermore, they have great capacity for transmitting these resistances to other species and even to other genera.

Conclusion: Doxycycline is a safe and effective alternative antibiotic for the treatment of enterococcal sepsis in patients with impaired renal status.
Comparison of Suction/Injection Effect on Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media Using a Combined Similarity-Numerical Solution
Authors: Ayodeji Falana , O. Pele Babatope , Alao Abubakar A.
Published: July 2021

This investigation deals with a comparison of suction/injection effect on flow, heat and mass transfer in porous media using a combined similarity-numerical solution. With this method of transformation, the governing transport PDEs are transformed into ODE and then solved numerically. The study reveals that suction/injection effect is more pronounce on the velocity distribution of a creeping flow (Darcy flow). The Darcy-Forchheimer flow has the steepest velocity curves due to non-linearity and has higher skin friction, heat and mass transfer rate when compared to the other porous media investigated.
Isoeucommin A attenuates kidney injury in diabetic nephropathy through the Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway
Authors: Huang Qi , Ouyang Dong‐Sheng , Liu Qiong
Published: July 2021

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common complication in patients with diabetes and a leading cause of mortality. The management of DN in the clinic still remains a challenge. Therefore, the identification of novel compounds for DN treatment and their characterization in preclinical DN models are crucial. Isoeucommin A is a lignan compound isolated from Eucommia ulmoides Oliv, which has not been studied in detail. Our aim was to investigate the effect of Isoeucommin A in DN and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms though which Isoeucommin A acts in vitro and in vivo. We first isolated and purified Isoeucommin A by microporous resin column chromatography and studied the mass spectrogram, as well as the structure of Isoeucommin A, by high‐resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy and NMR, respectively. We further established an in vivo rat DN model and measured the changes of blood glucose, body weight, kidney index (KI), blood urea nitrogen, creatinine (CRE), glutathione, malondialdehyde (MDA), SOD, albumin (ALB) and urinary ALB to CRE ratios on treatment with Isoeucommin A. In addition, we measured SOD, MDA, glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β), phosphorylated (p)‐GSK‐3β, nuclear factor erythroid‐derived 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) levels by quantitative real‐time PCR and western blot, and estimated cell viability by a 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐tetrazolium bromide assay. After Isoeucommin A treatment, body weight, as well as SOD, glutathione, HO‐1 and Nrf2 expression levels, in DN rats increased in a dose‐dependent manner. In contrast, the levels of blood glucose, KI, blood urea nitrogen, CRE, urinary ALB to CRE ratio, tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1β, interleukin‐6 and MDA decreased significantly. In addition, Isoeucommin A protected H2O2‐stimulated renal tubular epithelial cells from oxidative stress and activated the Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathway in high‐glucose‐stimulated human renal mesangial cells. In conclusion, Isoeucommin A could alleviate inflammation and oxidative stress in in vitro and in vivo DN models and thus attenuate kidney injury by activating the Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathway. Isoeucommin A could have the potential to be used as an effective drug for the treatment of DN.
Treating LRRK2‐Related Parkinson's Disease by Inhibiting the mTOR Signaling Pathway to Restore Autophagy
Authors: Cui Weitong , Yang Xiao , Chen Xingyu , Xiao Dexuan , Zhu Junyao , Zhang Mei , Qin Xin , Ma Xiaohong , Lin Yunfeng
Published: July 2021

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common chronic neurodegenerative disease and is characterized by motor dysfunctions. Pathogenic mutations in leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are a major cause of the neurotoxicity that causes PD. As an inhibitor of LRRK2 activity, vitamin B12 (VB12) is a promising therapeutic option for PD and is shown to restore autophagy in PD models. However, the dependence on transporters and the extremely low brain tissue utilization of VB12 limit its therapeutic effects. Based on this, VB12‐loaded tetrahedral framework nucleic acid (TVC) is synthesized and its effectiveness in the model of PD induced with 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine is evaluated. TVC provides better recovery of autophagy than free VB12 did both in vivo and in vitro, leading to enhanced clearing of abnormal protein accumulations and restoration of PD motor symptoms. It is believed that TVC has broad therapeutic potential in the treatment of PD and similar neurodegenerative diseases.
15N fate in maize cropping system in response to black soil fertility improvement in China
Authors: Fu HaiMei , Duan YingHua , Zhu Ping , Gao HongJun , Xu MingGang
Published: July 2021

Applications of high amounts of nitrogen (N) fertilizer are essential for obtaining sustainable maize (Zea mays L.) yields but also result in low N‐use efficiency (NUE) and cause a series of environmental problems. To optimize fertilizer management, it is necessary to determine the effects of soil fertility improvement on NUE and the fate of N fertilizer. In this study, we conducted a 15N tracer pot experiment involving five different fertilizer treatments in soils with five different total organic carbon levels under field conditions. The average NUE ranged from 36 to 56% 15N‐urea and 0.1 to 0.2% residual N in the first and second seasons. The N retained in the soil ranged from 10 to 28%, and the N lost to water and the atmosphere ranged from 29 to 39% in the five soils. Compared with that in the low‐fertility soils, NUE in the high‐fertility soils was 20–45% greater, and N loss was 1 –6% lower. The results showed that higher soil fertility corresponded to higher NUE and lower N loss. We suggest that although the local customary N fertilizer application rate (N3; 165 kg N/ha) in the study area is reasonable for low‐fertility soils, after soil fertility improvements, an approximately 50% reduction of N fertilizer should be implemented.
Precise Encoding of Triple‐Bond Raman Scattering of Single Polymer Nanoparticles for Multiplexed Imaging Application
Authors: Zhu Wei , Cai Er‐Li , Li Hao‐Zheng , Wang Ping , Shen Ai‐Guo , Popp Jürgen , Hu Ji‐Ming
Published: July 2021

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy in combination with innovative tagging strategies offers great potential as a universal high‐throughput biomedical imaging tool. Here, we report rationally tailored small molecular monomers containing triple‐bond units with large Raman scattering cross‐sections, which can be polymerized at the nanoscale for enhancement of SRS contrast with smaller but brighter optical nanotags with artificial fingerprint output. From this, a class of triple‐bond rich polymer nanoparticles (NPs) was engineered by regulating the relative dosages of three chemically different triple‐bond monomers in co‐polymerization. The bonding strategy allowed for 15 spectrally distinguishable triple‐bond combinations. These accurately structured nano molecular aggregates, rather than long‐chain macromolecules, could establish a universal method for generating small‐sized biological SRS imaging tags with high sensitivity for high‐throughput multi‐color biomedical imaging.
Effective and Rapid Removal of Polar Organic Micropollutants from Water by Amide Naphthotube‐Crosslinked Polymers
Authors: Yang Liu‐Pan , Ke Hua , Yao Huan , Jiang Wei
Published: July 2021

It is challenging to remove polar organic micropollutants from water through adsorption‐mediated processes. Macrocycle‐crosslinked polymers were recently shown to be effective adsorbents for nonpolar or charged organic micropollutants through specific host–guest binding, but are rarely used for the treatment of neutral and polar organic micropollutants. This is due to the challenge of recognizing polar molecules in water by macrocyclic hosts. In this research, we report two amide naphthotube‐crosslinked polymers which can effectively and rapidly adsorb a wide scope of polar organic micropollutants from water through biomimetic molecular recognition. Amide naphthotubes possess hydrogen bonding sites in their deep hydrophobic cavities and can effectively bind polar organic micropollutants in water through the hydrophobic effects and shielded hydrogen bonds. The cross‐linked polymers containing amide naphthotubes are even able to remove a complex mixture of organic micropollutants from water and the used materials can be easily regenerated through washing with MeOH or EtOH. This research provides a solution for the treatment of polar organic micropollutants by using biomimetic molecular recognition in water.
A General Approach to Design Dual Ratiometric Fluorescent and Photoacoustic Probes for Quantitatively Visualizing Tumor Hypoxia Levels In Vivo
Authors: Zhang Shuping , Chen Hua , Wang Liping , Qin Xue , Jiang Bang‐Ping , Ji Shi‐Chen , Shen Xing‐Can , Liang Hong
Published: July 2021

Herein, we describe an energy balance strategy between fluorescence and photoacoustic effects by sulfur substitution to transform existing hemicyanine dyes (Cy) into optimized NIRF/PA dual ratiometric scaffolds. Based on this optimized scaffold, we reported the first dual‐ratio response of nitroreductase probe AS‐Cy‐NO2, which allows quantitative visualization of tumor hypoxia in vivo. AS‐Cy‐NO2, composed of a new NIRF/PA scaffold thioxanthene‐hemicyanine (AS‐Cy‐1) and a 4‐nitrobenzene moiety, showed a 10‐fold ratiometric NIRF enhancement (I773/I733) and 2.4‐fold ratiometric PA enhancement (PA730/PA670) upon activation by a biomarker (nitroreductase, NTR) associated with tumor hypoxia. Moreover, the dual ratiometric NIRF/PA imaging accurately quantified the hypoxia extent with high sensitivity and high imaging depth in xenograft breast cancer models. More importantly, the 3D maximal intensity projection (MIP) PA images of the probe can precisely differentiate the highly heterogeneous oxygen distribution in solid tumor. Thus, this study provides a promising NIRF/PA scaffold that may be generalized for the dual ratiometric imaging of other disease‐relevant biomarkers.
Electron beam penetration of poly (methyl methacrylate)/colemanite composite irradiated at low earth orbit space radiation environment
Authors: Bel Tayfun , Mehranpour Shima , Şengül Atilla Volga , Camtakan Zeynep , Baydogan Nilgun
Published: July 2021

Poly (methyl methacrylate) modification by colemanite (CMT) addition has ensured beta shielding improvement. This study has connected with space environmental utilization with Kibo Japanese Experiment Module on International Space Station at low earth orbit. Space environment experiment was performed by using Kibo Experiment Handrail Attachment Mechanism–ExHAM. The changes in beta transmission of the composite were examined (by Sr‐90 radioisotope) before and after space environmental utilization and details on beta penetration capacity was examined to protect the equipment (used in aviation and aerospace industries) from space radiation. Beta attenuation variations have indicated composite densification with beta attenuation enhancement after CMT addition.
Evolution of the electrical resistivity at rest and during oscillatory shearing of co‐continuous morphology (PP/PMMA)/MWCNT systems
Authors: Gammoudi Saoussen , Rodrigue Denis , Mighri Frej
Published: July 2021

In this work, a modified parallel‐disks configuration on a strain‐controlled ARES rheometer (TA Instrument) was used to study the evolution of the electrical resistivity at rest and during oscillatory shearing of a co‐continuous immiscible polymer blend morphology based on polypropylene and /polymethyl(methacrylate) (PP/PMMA) in which various amounts (0–3 wt%) of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were added. The co‐continuity of both PP and PMMA phases allowed the buildup of a conductive network due to the preferential localization of the conductive MWCNT at the interface between PP and PMMA. Under a stepwise increase of the oscillatory strain amplitude below a critical value (γc = 6.3%), a significant decrease in the electrical resistivity was observed for MWCNT concentrations above the percolation threshold (0.3 wt%) due to the conductive paths induced by both thermal (Brownian) motion and oscillatory shearing. However, for deformation amplitudes higher than γc, the resistivity increased due to the destruction of the MWCNT paths induced by the large deformation imposed on the PP/PMMA interface. These observations were also confirmed by the evolution of the storage modulus (G′) which remained constant for γc < 6.3% (linear viscoelastic regime), while the values decreased above γc due to the destruction of the system's morphology.
Antimicrobial silicone rubbers based on photocatalytically active additives
Authors: Fischer Theresa , Suttor Susana , Mansi Salma , Osthues Lucas , Mela Petra
Published: July 2021

The modification of plastics to generate germ‐reducing surface materials is a promising strategy to decrease nosocomial infections in hygiene‐sensitive areas. In this paper, photocatalytically active nanoparticles were incorporated as additives, not as a coating, into silicone rubber matrix material to produce elastic antibacterial bulk materials. Samples with 5 wt% and 10 wt% of two different types of TiO2 and ZnO were prepared and investigated. The thermal analysis of the developed materials showed a complete vulcanization of the developed materials and slight modifications of mechanical properties were found. Investigations of the surface of the materials indicated no changes in the wettability of the surfaces or in their fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT‐IR) spectra, suggesting no degradation of the developed material. The photocatalytic activity on the surface of the test samples was investigated by microbial tests with Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Depending on the additive type and the test germs, the samples showed different intensities of a germ‐reducing effect (up to >99,999%).
Robust superhydrophobic fabrics by infusing structured polydimethylsiloxane films
Authors: Celik Nusret , Torun Ilker , Ruzi Mahmut , Onses M. Serdar
Published: July 2021

Superhydrophobic coatings have large application potential in self‐cleaning textiles. Low durability, high cost of fabrication, and environmental concerns over the usage of chemicals such as fluorocarbons limit the utilization of superhydrophobic coatings. This study reports a convenient and inexpensive approach to fabricate robust and fluorine‐free superhydrophobic fabrics based on the transfer of structured polymer films and hydrophobic nanoparticles. In this approach, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is infused between sheets of fabric and paper, followed by curing and removal of the paper. This process results in a fabric infused with PDMS whose structure is a negative replica of the paper surface. Then, hydrophobic nanoparticles are sprayed onto the structured PDMS side of the fabric. The infusion of PDMS and subsequent deposition of the hydrophobic nanoparticles enables strong bonding, as shown by the excellent solvent stability of the superhydrophobic fabric under ultrasonication. The proposed approach is universal in that it can be applied to almost any textiles, which upon coating, exhibited superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 172° and a sliding angle of 3°. Furthermore, the superhydrophobic fabric showed robust durability against water spray impact and mechanical bending where it can keep superhydrophobicity for at least 200 cycles of each test.
Edwards SAPIEN XT transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation: 5‐year follow‐up in a French Registry
Authors: Le Ruz Robin , Plessis Julien , Houeijeh Ali , Baruteau Alban‐Elouen , Le Gloan Laurianne , Warin Fresse Karine , Karsenty Clément , Petit Jérôme , Godart François , Hascoët Sébastien , Guérin Patrice
Published: July 2021

Objectives

This study sought to investigate patient intermediate‐term outcomes after transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR) with Edwards SAPIEN valve.

Background

The Edwards SAPIEN valve, initially designed for percutaneous aortic valve replacement, has been approved for TPVR in patients with dysfunctional right ventricular outflow tracts (RVOT), but only short‐term follow‐up has been reported.

Methods

From 2011 to 2016, 62 patients undergoing successful TPVR using the SAPIEN XT valve were consecutively included into the study. Primary efficacy and safety endpoints were defined as freedom from valve‐reintervention and freedom from infective endocarditis at last follow‐up, respectively.

Results

The primary efficacy outcome was met for 87.1% patients after a mean follow‐up of 4.6 ± 1.8 years, corresponding to a freedom of reintervention at 5 years of 89% (95% CI 74.8–95.6%). Reinterventions were exclusively due to recurrent obstruction, no significant valvular regurgitation was observed. One case of infective endocarditis was reported, corresponding to a rate of 0.35% per patient‐year (95% CI 0.01–2.00%). At 5 years, freedom from infective endocarditis was 98.4% (95% CI 89.1–99.8%). Six patients died or were transplanted due to advanced cardiac failure, without relationship with TPVR. In univariate analysis, reintervention was associated with young age, a smaller tube‐graft, a higher pulmonary valve gradient after the procedure and a ratio of largest implanted stent diameter to invasive balloon conduit diameter over 1.35.

Conclusions

This study documents the mid‐term safety and efficacy of the Edwards SAPIEN XT valve in patients with dysfunctional RVOT, and identifies a patient profile associated with an uncertain benefit–risk balance.
Transconjunctival excision of an orbital conjunctival cyst using computer‐assisted 3‐D surgical planning in a dog
Authors: Burn Jessica B. , Komáromy András M. , Sledge Dodd G. , Smedley Rebecca , Coe Sarah E. , Kim Sun Young
Published: July 2021

Investigation of exophthalmos and blood‐colored discharge from the left ventral punctum in a dog was consistent with a conjunctival cyst in the orbit. 3‐D prints of the cyst and surrounding facial bones identified a successful transconjunctival approach without an orbitotomy and patency of the left lacrimal duct was reestablished.
Ataxic gait
Authors: Bhaskar Shalini , Tengku Kamadjaja Aziz Tengku Ahmad Hidayat , Paramajothy Vanita
Published: July 2021

Ataxia as the main complaint in a young patient prompts to diagnose neurodegenerative diseases. Not all ataxias are irreversible. We present a video of a patient in the clinic with ataxia diagnosed as subacute combined degeneration of the cord.
External cervical resorption detected via cone‐beam computed tomography in a patient with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody–associated disease: A case report
Authors: Munenaga Syuichi , Usuda Momoko , Ouhara Kazuhisa , Maetani Yuta , Kajiya Mikihito , Matsuda Shinji , Furusho Hisako , Miyauchi Mutsumi , Nakamori Masahiro , Maruyama Hirofumi , Nishi Hiromi , Kawaguchi Hiroyuki
Published: July 2021

External cervical resorption may occur in patients with MOG antibody–associated disease, which is clearly detected on cone‐beam computed tomography. Therefore, dental screening is essential for these patients before initiating bisphosphonate therapy. Larger sample sizes are crucial to determine any possible association between external cervical resorption and MOG antibody–associated disease.
An unusual presentation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma on mammography: Case report
Authors: Mohamed Anas , Younes Ahmed I. , Stalls Stephen , Kousar Aisha , Li Tian
Published: July 2021

Although rare, breast CLL/SLL should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a breast mass. A high index of suspicion is needed to differentiate this neoplasm from more common breast carcinomas like solid variant of invasive lobular carcinoma.
Fatal cerebral venous sinus thrombosis as a manifestation of uncontrolled systemic lupus erythematosus in a young African female
Authors: Sadiq Abid M. , Assey Emmanuel V. , Sadiq Adnan M. , Dekker Marieke C. J. , Howlett William P.
Published: July 2021

In a young patient with systemic lupus erythematosus presenting with status epilepticus and neurological deficits, early brain imaging, risk factor identification and prompt treatment of underlying lupus flare‐up and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis could significantly improve the management and prognosis.
Magnetic NiFe2O4 Nanoparticles Prepared via Non‐Aqueous Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis for Application in Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation
Authors: Simon Christopher , Zakaria Mohamed Barakat , Kurz Hannah , Tetzlaff David , Blösser André , Weiss Morten , Timm Jana , Weber Birgit , Apfel Ulf‐Peter , Marschall Roland
Published: July 2021

Phase‐pure spinel‐type magnetic nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) nanocrystals in the size range of 4 to 11 nm were successfully synthesized by a fast and energy‐saving microwave‐assisted approach. Size and accessible surface areas can be tuned precisely by the reaction parameters. Our results highlight the correlation between size, degree of inversion, and magnetic characteristics of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles, which enables fine‐tuning of these parameters for a particular application without changing the elemental composition. Moreover, the application potential of the synthesized powders for the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline media was demonstrated, showing that a low degree of inversion is beneficial for the overall performance. The most active sample reaches an overpotential of 380 mV for water oxidation at 10 mA cm−2 and 38.8 mA cm−2 at 1.7 V vs. RHE, combined with a low Tafel slope of 63 mV dec−1.