bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unstable Carotid Artery Thrombus in a Patient With COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Kato Patrick J. , Kato Jesse , Napier Jarred A. , Khorfan Rhami , Aziz Abdulhameed
Published: March 2024

We present a case of an unvaccinated, 43-year-old African American female patient with COVID-19 infection and clinical evidence of a left hemispheric stroke. A non-occlusive thrombus with a radiographic target lesion was identified on computed tomography angiography (CTA). A multi-disciplinary discussion regarding concern for embolization was provided due to its unstable nature, as well as evidence of recent stroke. Given her acute COVID-19 infection, symptomatology, and radiographic findings, it was concluded that the etiology of her stroke appeared most consistent with a hypercoagulable-related embolism rather than an atheroembolic event. The patient underwent left carotid artery thrombectomy with bovine patch angioplasty. Operative findings included: left carotid thrombus, minimal plaque after evacuation of the thrombus, and a small proximal internal carotid artery diameter. Given concern for stenosis with primary repair a bovine pericardial patch angioplasty was performed. We present a paradigm for extracranial carotid thrombectomy with therapeutic anticoagulation for COVID-related spontaneous arterial thrombosis.
Addressing infection prevention and control in Alabama through the long-term care strike team
Authors: Fifolt Matthew , Baker Natalie , Menefee R Wade , Kidd Elena , McCormick Lisa C
Published: March 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the lack of infection prevention and control (IPC) infrastructure among long-term care facilities (LTCFs) in the United States; the situation in Alabama is particularly dire with LTCFs receiving some of the lowest quality ratings in the country. Alabama’s LTCFs continue to be challenged by frequent staff turnover, vaccine hesitancy, and reluctance to embrace new Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendations such as enhanced barrier precautions. However, the American Rescue Plan of 2021 made funds available to states through a CDC Epidemiology and Laboratory (ELC) Cooperative Agreement to promote IPC system improvement, including the creation of the Alabama Nursing Home and Long-Term Care Strike Team (LTC Strike Team).

In this article, we reviewed preliminary data from Alabama for the first year of the 2-year cooperative agreement cycle (2022––2023). Data included activity tracking by Infection Preventionists (IPs) and evaluations submitted voluntarily by LTCFs upon completion of trainings and/or direct services provided by the LTC Strike Team. Results indicated a significant need for IPC training among LTCFs and a high level of satisfaction with the services provided by IPs. Despite successes, it is unclear if future funding will be available to support long-term sustainability efforts.
Cost-Effectiveness of Closed-Loop Automated Insulin Delivery Using the Cambridge Hybrid Algorithm in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: Results from a Multicenter 6-Month Randomized Trial
Authors: Fox D. Steven , Ware Julia , Boughton Charlotte K , Allen Janet M. , Wilinska Malgorzata E , Tauschmann Martin , Denvir Louise , Thankamony Ajay , Campbell Fiona , Wadwa R. Paul , Buckingham Bruce A. , Davis Nikki , DiMeglio Linda A. , Mauras Nelly , Besser Rachel E. J. , Ghatak Atrayee , Weinzimer Stuart A. , Kanapka Lauren , Kollman Craig , Sibayan Judy , Beck Roy W. , Hood Korey K. , Hovorka Roman
Published: March 2024

Background/Objective:

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the incremental cost-effectiveness (ICER) of the Cambridge hybrid closed-loop automated insulin delivery (AID) algorithm versus usual care for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods:

This multicenter, binational, parallel-controlled trial randomized 133 insulin pump using participants aged 6 to 18 years to either AID (n = 65) or usual care (n = 68) for 6 months. Both within-trial and lifetime cost-effectiveness were analyzed. Analysis focused on the treatment subgroup (n = 21) who received the much more reliable CamAPS FX hardware iteration and their contemporaneous control group (n = 24). Lifetime complications and costs were simulated via an updated Sheffield T1D policy model.

Results:

Within-trial, both groups had indistinguishable and statistically unchanged health-related quality of life, and statistically similar hypoglycemia, severe hypoglycemia, and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) event rates. Total health care utilization was higher in the treatment group. Both the overall treatment group and CamAPS FX subgroup exhibited improved HbA1C (−0.32%, 95% CI: −0.59 to −0.04; P = .02, and −1.05%, 95% CI: −1.43 to −0.67; P < .001, respectively). Modeling projected increased expected lifespan of 5.36 years and discounted quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) of 1.16 (U.K. tariffs) and 1.52 (U.S. tariffs) in the CamAPS FX subgroup. Estimated ICERs for the subgroup were £19 324/QALY (United Kingdom) and −$3917/QALY (United States). For subgroup patients already using continuous glucose monitors (CGM), ICERs were £10 096/QALY (United Kingdom) and −$33 616/QALY (United States). Probabilistic sensitivity analysis generated mean ICERs of £19 342/QALY (95% CI: £15 903/QALY to £22 929/QALY) (United Kingdom) and −$28 283/QALY (95% CI: −$59 607/QALY to $1858/QALY) (United States).

Conclusions:

For children and adolescents with T1D on insulin pump therapy, AID using the Cambridge algorithm appears cost-effective below a £20 000/QALY threshold (United Kingdom) and cost saving (United States).
Online teaching in new normal: Analysis and development
Authors: Lei Chi-Un , Wang Yuyue
Published: March 2024

In the new normal after the pandemic, universities are planning how long-term online teaching should be designed. However, there are limited studies on preparing teachers for online teaching in the new normal during and after COVID-19 from perspectives of teaching centers in higher education institutions. Therefore, to answer the following question: how teaching centers should facilitate change among stakeholders to better prepare teaching staff for online teaching in the new normal or for future emergencies, this study analyzed online teaching support programmes launched by teaching centers during the pandemic. In specific, the study interviewed directors and e-learning coordinators of the teaching centers in seven universities in East Asia on their teacher support programs during the pandemic, and then analyzed their programs according to their adopted human process interventions, technostructural interventions, and strategic change interventions. Results show that universities were observed to adapt to the pandemic in generally similar measures, although there are differences according to the structure of the university. The reception of the actions was reported to be generally positive.
Walmart in India: Crafting competitive advantage using joint venture and acquisition
Authors: Sharma Gaurav , Anurag Priyatam
Published: March 2024

Walmart has a global reputation for building robust Information Technology driven infrastructure for modern retail. However, its Indian operations were constrained by the government’s Foreign Direct Investment policy in multi-brand retail that allowed entry only through the Business2Business route for protecting small retailers. The policy restriction limited the scope of value capture for Walmart in the growing Indian retail market. Walmart used partnerships and creative tweaking of its business model to adapt to the business environment in India. It used a joint venture with Bharti Retail, a local partner, to enter the Indian market. Walmart acted as suppliers to small retailers and also invested in a focused program to improve their efficiency. Further, the joint venture allowed Walmart to generate additional revenue sources (royalty and other fee incomes) to recover its investments in supply chain development. The tweaks in the business model to improve value appropriation were however evaluated unfavorably by the stakeholders in India prompting dissolution of the joint venture. Later, with online retail becoming prominent, Walmart acquired majority stake in Flipkart, a leading e-commerce player in India, to renew its capabilities and evolve a business model for the new era of omni-channel retail.
Influence and Clinical Significance of Knee Flexion Angle on the Anatomic Course of the Common Peroneal Nerve in the Posterolateral Corner of the Knee Joint
Authors: Zhao Anquan , Qi Yansong , Huang Qirimailatu , Tao Liyuan , Xu Yongsheng , Bao Huricha
Published: March 2024

Background:

Detailed knowledge of the anatomic course of the common peroneal nerve (CPN) is crucial for the surgical treatment of the posterolateral corner (PLC) of the knee.

Purpose:

To investigate the relationship of the CPN to the PLC of the knee at different flexion angles.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Ten healthy volunteers were recruited to undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee joint at knee flexion angles of 0°, 30°, 60°, 90°, and 120°. MRI scans at 3 levels (joint line, tibial cut, and fibular tip) were evaluated to determine (1) the distance from the CPN to the PLC and (2) the distances between the CPN and the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral tibial axes. A 3-dimensional model of the knee joint created from MRI scans of a single participant was used to simulate the creation of a fibular tunnel for PLC reconstruction and investigate the relationship between the CPN, fibular tunnel, and guide pin.

Results:

The CPN moved posteromedially with increased knee flexion angles. As the flexion angle increased, the distances from the CPN to the anterior-posterior axis and the PLC increased significantly, while the distance to the medial-lateral axis decreased significantly at all 3 measurement levels. The distances between the CPN and anterior-posterior and medial-lateral axes were significantly different among the different knee flexion angles at the different measurement levels. There were no significant differences in the mean distance from the CPN to the posterolateral border of the tibial plateau between 0° and 30° of flexion at the fibular tip level ( P = .953). There were statistically significant differences in the distance from the CPN to the PLC of the tibial plateau at the different measurement levels. The 3-dimensional model demonstrated that the position of the CPN relative to the guide pin and the bone tunnel undergoes changes during knee flexion.

Conclusion:

Changes in the knee flexion angle produced corresponding changes in the course of the CPN on the posterolateral aspect of the knee joint. The CPN moved posteromedially with increased knee flexion angles.

Clinical Relevance:

Increasing the knee flexion angle during PLC reconstruction can effectively avoid direct injury of the CPN.
Reading Holy Quran Associated With Better Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Riviati Nur , Indra Bima
Published: March 2024

Background: As the global population ages, understanding factors that contribute to better cognitive function in older adults becomes crucial. This systematic review delves into the potential relationship between reading the Holy Quran and cognitive function in older adults. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across five electronic databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Tripdatabase, Cochrane) to identify relevant studies that were published between 2004 to December 2023. Inclusion criteria were centered on studies exploring the correlation between reading the Quran and cognitive function in older adults. Results: Five studies meeting the inclusion criteria were included in this systematic review. Notably, four of these studies reported a significant correlation between the intensity or duration of Quranic reading and improved cognitive function in older adults. Discussion: The findings imply a potential positive association between engaging with the Holy Quran and cognitive function among the elderly. This relationship holds promise for potential applications in cognitive health interventions for older adults especially for Muslim patients. Conclusion: This review provides evidence supporting the relationship between reading the Holy Quran and normal cognitive function in older adults. The consistent findings underscore the importance of further research to elucidate underlying mechanisms and consider potential implications for cognitive health interventions.
Remote Delivery of Mindful Movement Within Healthcare Systems: Lessons Learned From the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Whitehead Alison M. , Mullur Rashmi , Sullivan Marlysa B. , Nicosia Francesca M.
Published: March 2024

Mindful Movement approaches have been a growing part of the Veterans Health Administration (VA). Innovations in tele-health technology had been an important initiative before the public health emergency to meet the needs of rural veterans as well as challenges in getting to a physical location for care. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated this transition to tele-delivery of many practices including mindful movement. This paper aims to share lessons learned from virtual delivery of mindful movement as part of clinical and well-being programs in VA. Benefits of virtual care discussed include the convenience and decreased travel burden; accessibility for adaptive movement options; translation to home practice; and shifting the emphasis to interoceptive skills-building supportive of self-efficacy for exploring and identifying safe movement. Important challenges are also identified such as technology related barriers; teachers trained to meet the need of offering adaptations for a heterogenous population and supporting interoceptive skill-building; and supporting both physical and psychological safety. Examples are provided of medical groups incorporating virtual mindful movement within programs for diabetes and pain care to further explore the potential benefit of these practices being integrated within the care itself, rather than as a separate practice. It is hoped that the lessons learned will provide support for Veterans and staff, and the wider health care community, in what they need to participate in virtual care that is high quality, accessible, and meets the needs for greater health and well-being.
Data-driven adjustments for combined use of NGA-East hard-rock ground motion and site amplification models
Authors: Ramos-Sepúlveda María E , Stewart Jonathan P , Parker Grace A , Moschetti Morgan P , Thompson Eric M , Brandenberg Scott J , Hashash Youssef MA , Rathje Ellen M
Published: March 2024

Model development in the Next Generation Attenuation-East (NGA-East) project included two components developed concurrently and independently: (1) earthquake ground-motion models (GMMs) that predict the median and aleatory variability of various intensity measures conditioned on magnitude and distance, derived for a reference hard-rock site condition with an average shear-wave velocity in the upper 30 m ( VS30) = 3000 m/s; and (2) a site amplification model that modifies intensity measures for softer site conditions. We investigate whether these models, when used in tandem, are compatible with ground-motion recordings in central and eastern North America (CENA) using an expanded version of the NGA-East database that includes new events from November 2011 (end date of NGA-East data curation) to April 2022. Following this expansion, the data set has 187 events, 2096 sites, and 16,272 three-component recordings, although the magnitude range remains limited (∼4 to 5.8). We compute residuals using 17 NGA-East GMMs and three data selection criteria that reflect within-CENA regional variations in ground-motion attributes. Mixed-effects regression of the residuals reveals a persistent pattern in which ground motions are overpredicted at short periods (0.01–0.6 s, including peak ground acceleration (PGA)) and underpredicted at longer periods. These misfits are regionally variable, with the Texas–Oklahoma–Kansas region having larger absolute misfits than other parts of CENA. Two factors potentially influencing these misfits are (1) differences in the site amplification models used to adjust the data to the reference condition during NGA-East GMM development relative to CENA amplification models applied since the 2018 National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM), and (2) potential bias in simulation-based factors used to adjust ground motions from the hard-rock reference condition to a VS30 = 760 m/s condition. We provide adjustment factors and their epistemic uncertainties and discuss implications for applications.
Can aerosol optical depth unlock the future of air quality monitoring and lung cancer prevention?
Authors: Yu Haoxuan , Zahidi Izni , Fai Chow Ming , Liang Dongfang , Madsen Dag Øivind
Published: March 2024

This “Policy Brief” explores the potential integration of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) into the United Kingdom’s air quality and public health monitoring frameworks, highlighting its potential to enhance existing air pollution control strategies. Amid growing concerns over air pollution’s impact on health, particularly the link between particulate matter and lung cancer, this brief presents a focused investigation into how AOD can be leveraged alongside traditional monitoring methods to provide a more nuanced understanding of air quality trends. By correlating AOD data with lung cancer incidence rates within the UK, the brief aims to uncover potential associations and inform public health decisions. Furthermore, it discusses the advantages and limitations of employing AOD in air pollution and respiratory disease monitoring, advocating for a strategic enhancement of the UK's air pollution monitoring efforts. This approach seeks to complement and refine current monitoring practices with advanced remote sensing techniques, aiming to inform policy innovations that prioritize environmental health and public welfare. Through a comprehensive review of existing data and policies, the brief underscores the urgency of adopting multidimensional air quality management strategies that respond to technological advancements and emerging public health needs.
QNetDiff: a quantitative measurement of network rewiring
Authors: Nose Shota , Shiroma Hirotsugu , Yamada Takuji , Uno Yushi
Published: March 2024

Bacteria in the human body, particularly in the large intestine, are known to be associated with various diseases. To identify disease-associated bacteria (markers), a typical method is to statistically compare the relative abundance of bacteria between healthy subjects and diseased patients. However, since bacteria do not necessarily cause diseases in isolation, it is also important to focus on the interactions and relationships among bacteria when examining their association with diseases. In fact, although there are common approaches to represent and analyze bacterial interaction relationships as networks, there are limited methods to find bacteria associated with diseases through network-driven analysis. In this paper, we focus on rewiring of the bacterial network and propose a new method for quantifying the rewiring. We then apply the proposed method to a group of colorectal cancer patients. We show that it can identify and detect bacteria that cannot be detected by conventional methods such as abundance comparison. Furthermore, the proposed method is implemented as a general-purpose tool and made available to the general public.
Genetic variation in bovine LAP3 and SIRT1 genes associated with fertility traits in dairy cattle
Authors: Worku Destaw , Verma Archana
Published: March 2024

Background

The genetic progress of fertility and reproduction traits in dairy cattle has been constrained by the low heritability of these traits. Identifying candidate genes and variants associated with fertility and reproduction could enhance the accuracy of genetic selection and expedite breeding process of dairy cattle with low-heritability traits. While the bovine LAP3 and SIRT1 genes exhibit well-documented associations with milk production traits in dairy cattle, their effect on cow fertility have not yet been explored. Eleven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), comprising five in the promoter (rs717156555: C > G, rs720373055: T > C, rs516876447: A > G, rs461857269: C > T and rs720349928: G > A), two in 5’UTR (rs722359733: C > T and rs462932574: T > G), two in intron 12 (rs110932626: A > G and rs43702363: C > T), and one in 3’UTR of exon 13 (rs41255599: C > T) in LAP3 and one in SIRT1 (rs718329990:T > C) genes, have previously been reported to be associated with various traits of milk production and clinical mastitis in Sahiwal and Karan Fries dairy cattle. In this study, the analysis primarily aimed to assess the impact of SNPs within LAP3 and SIRT1 genes on fertility traits in Sahiwal and Karan Fries cattle. Association studies were conducted using mixed linear models, involving 125 Sahiwal and 138 Karan Fries animals in each breed. The analysis utilized a designated PCR-RFLP panel.

Results

In the promoter region of the LAP3 gene, all variants demonstrated significant (P < 0.05) associations with AFC, except for rs722359733: C > T. However, specific variants with the LAP3 gene’s promoter region, namely rs722359733: C > T, rs110932626: A > G, rs43702363: C > T, and rs41255599: C > T, showed significant associations with CI and DO in Sahiwal and Karan Fries cows, respectively. The SNP rs718329990: T > C in the promoter region of SIRT1 gene exhibited a significant association with CI and DO in Sahiwal cattle. Haplotype-based association analysis revealed significant associations between haplotype combinations and AFC, CI and DO in the studied dairy cattle population. Animals with H2H3 and H2H4 haplotype combination exhibited higher AFC, CI and DO than other combinations.

Conclusions

These results affirm the involvement of the LAP3 and SIRT1 genes in female fertility traits, indicating that polymorphisms within these genes are linked to the studied traits. Overall, the significant SNPs and haplotypes identified in this study could have the potential to enhance herd profitability and ensure long-term sustainability on dairy farms by enabling the selection of animals with early age first calving and enhance reproductive performance in the dairy cattle breeding program.
Mitochondrial genome features and systematic evolution of diospyros kaki thunb 'Taishuu'
Authors: Yang Yunliang , Duan Chao
Published: March 2024

Background

'Taishuu' has a crisp texture, abundant juice, and sweet flavor with hints of cantaloupe. The availability of mitochondrial genome data of Diospyros species is far from the known number of species.

Results

The sequencing data were assembled into a closed circular mitochondrial chromosome with a 421,308 bp length and a 45.79% GC content. The mitochondrial genome comprised 40 protein-coding, 24 tRNA, and three rRNA genes. The most common codons for arginine (Arg), proline (Pro), glycine (Gly), tryptophan (Trp), valine (Val), alanine (Ala), and leucine (Leu) were AGA, CCA, GGA, UGG, GUA, GCA, and CUA, respectively. The start codon for cox1 and nad4L protein-coding genes was ACG (ATG), whereas the remaining protein-coding genes started with ATG. There are four types of stop codons: CGA, TAA, TAG, and TGA, with TAA being the most frequently used stop codon (45.24%). In the D. kaki Thunb. 'Taishuu' mitochondrial genome, a total of 645 repeat sequences were identified, including 125 SSRs, 7 tandem repeats, and 513 dispersed repeats. Collinearity analysis revealed a close relationship between D. kaki Thunb. 'Taishuu' and Diospyros oleifera, with conserved homologous gene fragments shared among these species in large regions of the mitochondrial genome. The protein-coding genes ccmB and nad4L were observed to undergo positive selection. Analysis of homologous sequences between chloroplasts and mitochondria identified 28 homologous segments, with a total length of 24,075 bp, accounting for 5.71% of the mitochondrial genome. These homologous segments contain 8 annotated genes, including 6 tRNA genes and 2 protein-coding genes (rrn18 and ccmC). There are 23 homologous genes between chloroplasts and nuclei. Mitochondria, chloroplasts, and nuclei share two homologous genes, which are trnV-GAC and trnW-CCA.

Conclusion

In conclusion, a high-quality chromosome-level draft genome for D. kaki was generated in this study, which will contribute to further studies of major economic traits in the genus Diospyros.
Rapid detection of pathogenic fungi from coastal population with respiratory infections using microfluidic chip technology
Authors: Yao Qingmei , He Yuan , Deng Liehua , Chen Dafeng , Zhang Yuanli , Luo Hui , Lei Wei
Published: March 2024

Background

Currently, culture methods are commonly used in clinical tests to detect pathogenic fungi includingCandidaspp. Nonetheless, these methods are cumbersome and time-consuming, thereby leading to considerable difficulties in diagnosis of pathogenic fungal infections, especially in situations that respiratory samples such as alveolar lavage fluid and pleural fluid contain extremely small amounts of microorganisms. The aim of this study was to elucidate the utility and practicality of microfluidic chip technology in quick detection of respiratory pathogenic fungi.

Methods

DNAs of clinical samples (mainly derived from sputa, alveolar lavage fluid, and pleural fluid) from 64 coastal patients were quickly detected using microfluidic chip technology with 20 species of fungal spectrum and then validated by Real-time qPCR, and their clinical baseline data were analyzed.

Results

Microfluidic chip results showed that 36 cases infected withCandidaspp. and 27 cases tested negative for fungi, which was consistent with Real-time qPCR validation. In contrast, only 16 cases of fungal infections were detected by the culture method; however, one of the culture-positive samples tested negative by microfluidic chip and qPCR validation. Moreover, we found that the patients withCandidainfections had significantly higher rates of platelet count reduction than fungi-negative controls. When compared with the patients infected withC. albicansalone, the proportion of males in the patients co-infected with multipleCandidassignificantly increased, while their platelet counts significantly decreased.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that constant temperature amplification-based microfluidic chip technology combined with routine blood tests can increase the detection speed and accuracy (including sensitivity and specificity) of identifying respiratory pathogenic fungi.
Maternal delay for institutional delivery and associated factors among postnatal mothers at Southeastern Ethiopia: a cross sectional study
Authors: Debela Derese Eshetu , Aschalew Zeleke , Bante Agegnehu , Yihune Manaye , Gomora Degefa , Hussein Feisal , Sahile Ayele , Mersha Abera
Published: March 2024

Background

Maternal delay in timely seeking health care, inadequate health care and the inability to access health facilities are the main causes of maternal mortality in low and middle income countries. The three-delay approach was used to pinpoint responsible factors for maternal death. There was little data on the delay in decision making to seek institutional delivery service in the study area. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the extent of the first maternal delay for institutional delivery and its associated factors among postpartum mothers in the Bale and east Bale zones.

Methods

An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 407 postpartum mothers from April 6 to May 6, 2022. A systematic sampling technique was used to select study participants. The data were collected electronically using an Open Data Kit and exported to SPSS window version 25 for cleaning and analysis. Both bivariate and multivariable analysis was done by using binary logistic regression model to identify factors associated with maternal delay for institutional delivery services. Statistical significance was declared at P-value < 0.05.

Results

In this study, the magnitude of the first maternal delay in making the decision to seek institutional delivery service was 29.2% (95% CI: 24.9, 33.9). Previous pregnancy problems (AOR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.06, 3.08), knowing the danger signs of labor and childbirth (AOR = 1.78; 95% CI: 1.11, 2.85) and decision-making (AOR = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.20, 0.85) were significantly associated with the first maternal delay.

Conclusion

This study identified a significant number of postnatal mothers experienced delay in making decisions to seek institutional delivery service in the study area. Promoting women’s empowerment and building on key danger signs should be emphasized.
Hsa_circ_0004872 alleviates meningioma progression by sponging miR-190a-3p/PTEN signaling
Authors: Huang Yongkai , Wu Zhihui , Peng Zewei , Liu Anmin , Yuan Wen , Han Deqing , Peng Junmin
Published: March 2024

Background

Meningioma, the most prevalent intracranial tumor, possesses a significant propensity for malignant transformation. Circular RNAs (circ-RNAs), a class of non-coding RNAs, have emerged as crucial players in tumorigenesis. This study explores the functional relevance of hsa_circ_0004872, a specific circ-RNA, in the context of meningioma.

Methods

Molecular structure and stability of hsa_circ_0004872 were elucidated through PCR identification. Meningioma cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed using the CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Gene and protein expression were analyzed via qRT-PCR and western blot. Molecular interactions were confirmed through dual-luciferase reporter gene and RIP assays.

Results

Hsa_circ_0004872, derived from exons 2 to 4 of the host gene MAPK1, demonstrated enhanced stability compared to its host MAPK1. Clinical data described that hsa_circ_0004872 was reduced in meningioma tissues and cell lines, and negatively correlated to poor survival rate of meningioma patients. Overexpression of hsa_circ_0004872 exhibited inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and promotion of apoptosis in vitro. Subsequent investigations unveiled a direct interaction between hsa_circ_0004872 and miR-190a-3p, leading to the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway through targeting PTEN. Notably, miR-190a-3p silence accelerated the apoptosis and proliferation inhibition of meningioma cells by inactivating PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling, while miR-190a-3p overexpression showed an opposite effect, which greatly reversed the anti-tumor effects of hsa_circ_0004872 overexpression.

Conclusion

In summary, our findings highlighted the intricate role of hsa_circ_0004872 in meningioma, shedding light on the regulatory mechanisms involving circ-RNAs in tumor progression. This positions hsa_circ_0004872 as a potential key regulatory factor in meningioma with implications for future therapeutic interventions.
Minimally invasive micro sclerostomy (MIMS) procedure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Voskanyan Lilit , Ahmed Iqbal Ike K. , Gershoni Assaf , Barayev Edward , Papoyan Vahan , Ghazaryan Astghik , Bar-Ilan Oren , Zahavi Alon , Glovinsky Yoseph , Geffen Noa
Published: March 2024

Background

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Minimally Invasive Micro Sclerotomy (MIMS) procedure in the management of uncontrolled open-angle glaucoma.

Methods

A prospective, open-label, single-arm clinical evaluation with intra-subject comparisons performed at the Ophthalmologic Center after S.V. Malayan, Yerevan, Armenia. Included were adults with primary open-angle glaucoma (OAG) (N = 114) or exfoliative glaucoma (N = 6) who were uncontrolled (IOP > 21) on tolerated topical medication. Mild (N = 7), moderate (N = 66) and severe (n = 47) cases were prospectively included without preselection. Following subconjunctival Mitomycin C, an ab-interno MIMS procedure was performed alone (N = 100) or combined with phacoemulsification (N = 20). Patients were followed for 52 weeks. Procedure-related complications and adverse events were recorded. Success criteria were defined as -5 < IOP ≤ 21mmHg OR a reduction in IOP of ≥ 20% from baseline with (qualified success) or without (complete success) hypotensive medications.

Results

Mean patient age was 69 ± 10.1 years. The mean duration of the procedure was 2:01 ± 0:41 min:sec. Scleral drainage channels were achieved in all cases. No device malfunctions, intraoperative complications, or serious adverse events were reported. Iris plugging of the sclerostomy site and early spikes in IOP were the most common adverse events. The only reason for failure was final IOP > 21 mmHg on tolerated medication. At 52 weeks (n = 93), mean IOP decreased by 38% from baseline (P < 0.001), from 27.9 ± 3.7 to 17.5 ± 5.3 mmHg, a difference of 10.5 mmHg (95% CI: -11.7, -9.3). One-year qualified success was documented in 82.1% (95% CI: 72.9%,89.2%) of the patients and complete success, in 70.5% (60.3-79.4%). 60% (95 CI:49.4%,69.9%) of the patients achieved maximum IOP level of 14 mmHg or at least 30% reduction in IOP.

Conclusions

MIMS procedure is a relatively simple, short and safe minimally invasive bleb-forming procedure. Its efficacy, as found in this short-term evaluation, lends it suitable for mild and moderate uncontrolled open-angle glaucoma patients.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04503590 2019-05-29.
Gut microbiota profiling in obese children from Southeastern China
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Zhuang Peifeng , Lin Bin , Li Haiqing , Zheng Jinlu , Tang Wenlin , Ye Wenbin , Chen Xiangjian , Zheng Mingping
Published: March 2024

Childhood obesity not only has a negative impact on a child's health but is also a significant risk factor for adult obesity and related metabolic disorders, making it a major global public health concern. Recent studies have revealed the crucial role of gut microbiota in the occurrence and development of obesity, in addition to genetic and lifestyle factors. In this study, we recruited 19 normal-weight children and 47 children with varying degrees of obesity. A questionnaire survey was conducted to inquire about the family background, lifestyle habits and dietary composition of the 66 children. Findings indicate that fathers of obese children tend to be obese themselves, while children with highly educated mothers are more likely to maintain a normal weight. Furthermore, overweight children tend to spend more time on electronic devices and less time on physical activities compared to their normal-weight counterparts. Obese children exhibit significant differences in breakfast and dinner dietary composition when compared to children with normal weight. Additionally, the gut microbiota of these 66 children was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Analysis of gut microbiota composition showed similar compositions among children with varying degrees of obesity, but significant differences were observed in comparison to normal-weight children. Obese children exhibited a reduced proportion of Bacteroidota and an increased proportion of Firmicutes, resulting in an elevated Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio. Moreover, Actinobacteriota were found to be increased in the gut microbiota of children with varying degrees of obesity. PICRUSt analysis indicated significant metabolic differences in the microbiota functions between obese and normal-weight children, suggesting the composition of gut microbiota could be a crucial factor contributing to obesity. These findings provide valuable insights for the treatment of childhood obesity.
Association between anxiety, depression and quality of life in male and female German students during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wilzer Emily , Zeisel Annalena , Roessner Veit , Ring Melanie
Published: March 2024

Background

Studies show that three-quarters of mental disorders appear during young adulthood, which makes students a risk group. Especially people with anxiety and depression experience lower Quality of Life (QoL) compared to healthy persons. Furthermore, previous research found that there was a wide range of negative mental consequences triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to examine the association between anxiety, depression and QoL in male and female students at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: 297 German students (121 men, age spanmen: 18–41 years; 176 women, age spanwomen: 18–52 years) filled in the following questionnaires: World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Symptom-Checklist-90-R. Men and women did not differ significantly in their physical, psychological, environmental and global QoL. Results: While women showed higher raw anxiety scores, groups did not differ in terms of their raw depression scores. Furthermore, we found main effects of anxiety and depression on the four QoL subscales. Students´ QoL was highest if they were not affected by anxiety and depression, independently of gender. Psychological and social QoL was worst if the students reported marginal and particularly clinically significant levels of anxiety and depression. Men experienced worse psychological and social QoL than women for clinically significant anxiety levels. Conclusions: Interventions should target especially the psychological and the social subscales of QoL, as these areas are most affected by anxiety and depression. Possible interventions could be psychoeducational programs or participation in sports because it offers an opportunity for social interaction and goal-directed activity.
Family intimacy and adaptability and non-suicidal self-injury: a mediation analysis
Authors: Gao Yuehong , Wang Yanchi , Wang Zhiping , Ma Mingzhen , Li Hongjiao , Wang Jinhong , Liu Jianan , Qian Huaying , Zhu Ping , Xu Xujuan
Published: March 2024

Background

Current research has been focusing on non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behaviors among adolescents with depression. Although family intimacy and adaptability are considered protective factors for NSSI, evidence supporting this relationship is lacking.

Objective

This study aims to examine the mechanisms operating in the relationship between family intimacy and adaptability and NSSI behaviors among adolescents.

Methods

A self-administered general demographic information questionnaire, the Behavioral Functional Assessment Scale for Non-Suicidal Self-Injury, the Family Intimacy and Adaptability Scale, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Self-Assessment of Depression Scale were distributed among adolescents with depression in three tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu Province.

Results

The relationship between family intimacy and adaptability and NSSI was assessed among 596 adolescents with depression. The results revealed the following: (1) Family intimacy and adaptability were negatively correlated with NSSI behavior. (2) Psychological resilience and depression levels acted as chain mediators in the relationship between family intimacy and adaptability and NSSI behavior.

Conclusions

Enhancing psychological resilience, controlling depressive symptoms, and reducing depression severity among adolescents by improving their family intimacy and adaptability are conducive to preventing and mitigating their NSSI behaviors.
Uptake of human papilloma virus vaccine and its determinants among females in East Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Agimas Muluken Chanie , Adugna Dagnew Getnet , Derseh Nebiyu Mekonnen , Kassaw Amare , Kassie Yohannes Tesfahun , Abate Hailemichael Kindie , Mekonnen Chilot Kassa
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Cervical cancer is the most common malignant tumor among women. It is the main cause of death among women in sub-Saharan African countries. Particularly, the incidence and mortality rates are highest in East Africa. Even though the burden of human papilloma virus-related cervical cancer is high in East Africa, there is no conclusive evidence about the prevalence of human papilloma virus vaccine uptake and its predictors.

Objective

To assess the pooled prevalence of human papilloma virus vaccine uptake and its determinants in East Africa.

Method

Eligible articles were searched on PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Google. Those articles incorporating the outcome of interest, both analytical and descriptive study designs, and published or unpublished articles at any time were included. Keywords and Medical Subjects Heading terms or synonyms of human papilloma virus vaccine and Boolean operators were used to retrieve the articles. To assure the quality of articles, Joana Brigg’s Institute critical appraisal checklist for cross-sectional studies was used. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the heterogeneity among the studies, and a random effect model was used to analyze the pooled effect size.

Result

A total of 29 articles were included, and the pooled prevalence of HPV vaccine uptake in East Africa was 35% (95% CI: 26–45%). Good knowledge (OR = 1.6, 95%CI; 1.43–1.8), positive attitude (OR = 2.54, 95% CI; 2.13–3.03), ever heard about HPV vaccine (OR = 1.41, 95% CI; 1.03–1.94), mother educational status above college (OR = 1.84, 95%CI; 1.03–3.31), middle wealth index (OR = 1.33, 95%CI; 1.04–1.7), ≥ 9 family size (OR = 0.76, 95%CI; 0.68–0.98), availability of promotion (OR = 2.53, 95%CI: 1.51–4.26), availability of adequate vaccine (OR = 4.84, 95%CI; 2.9–8.08), outreach vaccination practice (OR = 1.47, 95%CI; 1.02–2.12) and family support (OR = 4.3, 95% CI; 2.98–6.21) were the significant factors for the uptake of human papilloma virus vaccine.

Conclusion

As compared to the global strategic plan, the pooled prevalence of HPV vaccine uptake in east Africa was low. The uptake of the HPV vaccine was higher among adolescents than youths. Knowledge about the HPV vaccine, attitude towards the HPV vaccine, ever hearing about the HPV vaccine, residence, mother’s educational status, mother’s occupational status, wealth index, and family size were the significant determinants of HPV vaccine uptake. Therefore, we recommend focusing on awareness creation and behavioral change to expand the uptake of vaccines in East Africa.
Australian sport and physical activity behaviours pre, during and post-COVID-19
Authors: Eime Rochelle , Harvey Jack , Charity Melanie
Published: March 2024

Background

Globally, COVID-19 and associated restrictions impacted negatively on recreational physical activity (RPA). Participation in community sport was significantly impacted with cancelled training and competitions. Whilst team and club-based sport participation declined during COVID-19 restrictions, participation in some physical activities actually increased, particularly individual and online activities and outdoor activities not requiring facilities.

Aim

The aim of this study is to investigate changes in the patterns of participation in club-based sport, informal sport and other RPA in Australia from pre, during and post-COVID-19 restrictions. Further, these participation patterns are broken down by gender, age and region of residence.

Methods

Two longitudinal waves of an online survey were conducted in mid-2020 and mid-2021. The first wave also captured retrospective pre-COVID19 (2019) data. Two sections of the survey dealt respectively with two ‘settings’ of RPA: organised club sport, and less structured sport and recreational physical activity (designated ‘other RPA’). For each year 2019–2021 each individual was categorized as participating (Yes/No) in each of club sport and other RPA. For each setting, the proportions of each pattern of participation were tabulated, and the results for the demographic cohorts were compared.

Results

A total of 1,138 Australians aged 13 years and above completed both waves of the survey. Overall, there were considerable differences between the patterns of club sport and other RPA. Most individuals who participated in other RPA (69%) were able to and did participate continuously throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. However, and not surprisingly, the club-sport participants were forced to drop out in 2020 during COVID-19 restrictions, and less than half reported returning to play post-COVID-19 restrictions. Less than a quarter of sports club participants were able to continue to play throughout COVID-19 and beyond. Significantly more males returned to playing sport 51% than females 44%.

Conclusion

Participation in community club-based sport has been significantly negatively impacted by COVID-19, more so than participation in some other recreational sport and physical activities. Further, fewer females than males returned to playing community sport, and priority and specific attention should be given to understanding why women and girls have not returned to playing community club-based sport.
School completion and progression to higher education in adolescents with social anxiety: a linkage between Young-HUNT3 and national educational data (2008–2019), Norway
Authors: Jystad Ingunn , Haugan Tommy , Bjerkeset Ottar , Sund Erik R. , Aune Tore , Nordahl Hans M. , Vaag Jonas R.
Published: March 2024

Background

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) most commonly develops in adolescence—a period of life that includes a transition to upper secondary school. The aim of this study is to investigate the extent to which social anxiety in adolescence is associated with the completion of upper secondary school and progression to higher education.

Methods

This longitudinal study includes 8,192 adolescents aged 13–19 years who participated in the Norwegian Young-HUNT 3 population-based study. Social anxiety is measured employing (1) diagnostic interview screening questions (interview) and (2) a self-reported symptom index (questionnaire). Notably, we define the cohorts based on these two methods. Using national educational data (2008–2019), we follow educational attainment among the cohorts until they turn 25 years of age.

Results

We found that adolescents who screened positive (SP) for SAD had a predicted probability of upper secondary school completion at 21 years of age that was 14% points lower than those who screened negative (SN). Further, differences remained when looking at completion rates at age 25 years. Moreover, predicted probabilities for completion were inversely associated with increasing levels of self-reported social anxiety symptoms. Similarly, the proportion of the completers of an academic program in the SP group that were enrolled in higher education by 25 years of age, were lower than for the SN group (87 vs. 92%).

Conclusion

Social anxiety in adolescence, both self-reported symptoms and diagnostic screening, has long-term negative impact on upper secondary school completion and to some extent enrollment to higher education.