bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Local Sustainability Approach Using Indicators
Authors: Batalhão André Cavalcante da Silva , Teixeira Denilson , de Godoi Emiliano Lobo , Prates Glaucia Ap.
Published: November 2018

The purpose of this research was to analyze the application of the Barometer of Sustainability (BS) as a tool for monitoring the sustainability process, using the case of the municipality of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. The method adopted was based on the important seven stages for the BS application. The methods used were exploratory, descriptive, analytical and field research approaches, combining primary and secondary data. BS as an evaluation tool has proved useful in contributing to the understanding of social and natural phenomena, providing the monitoring of sustainability on a local scale. The findings indicated that the municipality had a greater concern with socioeconomic issues in relation to environmental issues. Based on BS, Ribeirão Preto was classified as intermediate level in relation to Sustainable Development, presenting better performance in the Human Subsystem. To solve the main methodological difficulties related with sustainability indicators to measure the sustainability dimensions on local level, and transpose these challenges is a continuous and emergency process. The integration of information from institutional bodies and sharing of data are paramount for public management at the municipal level to help develop and consolidate national databases. In this paper the authors demonstrated that is necessary to develop efficient methods of sustainability evaluation for local practice to develop policies and actions and add value in the decision-making process of local governments.
Influence of Strategic Planning to Firm Performance in Agricultural Research Based Institutions of Kenya
Authors: Musi Yusuf W. , Mukulu E. , Oloko M.
Published: November 2018

Strategic planning is a very crucial phenomenon in all organisations. It is the tool that determines the destiny of the firm. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of financial resource strategic planning on firm performance, to determine influence of human capital strategic planning on firm performance, to analyze the influence of material resource strategic planning on firm performance and to determine influence of information resource strategic planning on firm performance in agriculture research based institutions of Kenya. Although there had been previous international studies in this field, no literature is evident on status of the same in agriculture based research institutions in Kenya. The study comprised of former 4 major agricultural based research institutes of Kenya, namely: Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI), Coffee Research Foundation (CRF), Tea Research Foundation (TRF), and Kenya Sugar Research Foundation (KeSREF). The institutions had 2922 employees in the year 2015. The study employed descriptive research design. The sample size was 352 having been arrived at using Yamane’s (1967) formula. Results and conclusion of the study were that financial resources strategic planning, human capital strategic planning, material resource strategic planning and information resource strategic planning influence a firm’s performance in a great way.
The Role of a Community Police Officer in Shaping the Security of Local Communities — Considerations in the Context of the First National Surveys of Community Police Officers (2017)
Authors: Stawnicka Jadwiga , Klonowska Iwona
Published: November 2018

The article is devoted to the discussion of selected results of the nationwide community police officers research conducted by the authors in January 2017. This research is a part of the ongoing project of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Administration „Community police officer closer to us”. The analysis was based on the answers provided by 5,400 respondents from all over the country to the following questions: Should the role of community police officers be to carry out social prevention tasks? Are community police officers satisfied with their job as community police officers? How do they assess their interpersonal communication skills? Do they think they have prestige in the local community? Do they participate in meetings with the local community and how do they characterize the police mission? The results will be processed in 17 reports from the national community police officers research. The application of conclusions from the results of qualitative and quantitative research conducted all over Poland in 17 garrisons will have a significant impact on the dialogue between the authorities and community police officers, determining the expectations of first contact officers, their problems, strengths and weaknesses. The research carried out will increase the effectiveness of the “Community police officer closer to us” programme, one of the basic programmes of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Administration implemented in order to build trust between the authorities and a citizen. The research also resulted in two monographs on the functioning of the district division in Poland. The authors’research focuses on the partnership of community police officers services with the local community for internal security, taking into account the role of community police officers social and educational activities, and on drawing a professional portrait of the community police officer who is closer to people, solves problems of local communities and carries out activities in the social and educational area.
Discrepancies Between the Application of the Right of Defence and the Culture of the Criminal Process
Authors: Kowalczyk-Ludzia Marta
Published: November 2018

The importance of ethical boundaries in the exercise of the right of defence has been written about for a long time. The defendants’ use of the entitlement granted to them by the legislator (Article 6 of the Code of Criminal Procedure) should harmonise with respecting the culture of criminal proceedings. Meanwhile, as practice has demonstrated, the culture of ongoing proceedings often remains outside the required standards of the process. The use of so-called “evasive defence”, assessment of participants to the proceedings through the prism of stereotypes, demonstrating offensive behaviour towards representatives of procedural bodies, or a superficial analysis of the evidence collected reinforce the negative perception of the course of proceedings, thus promoting inappropriate procedural patterns. Furthermore, these situations form the basis for the emergence of judicial mistakes, which usually leave a lasting mark on the further fate of the plaintiff in court. In accordance with theoretical assumptions, effectiveness in the exercise of rights of defence (Article 6 of the CCP) should correlate not only with the fundamental objectives of criminal proceedings (Article 2 of the CCP) but also with well-established assumptions that comply with the standards of diligence as broadly understood, along with the fulfilment of the procedural guarantees of the parties to the proceedings. This paper focuses on crucial issues related to the ethical boundaries of the exercise of the rights of defence. The issues discussed herein are supported by conclusions drawn from the analysis of the outcomes of case studies.
Polish Strategy to Counteract an Immigration Threat
Authors: Lubiewski Paweł
Published: November 2018

The article concerns the assessment of the issue of immigration in Poland from a strategic perspective, in the context of the directions of counteracting possible threats generated by this phenomenon. The contemporary state has to deal with many dilemmas, among which undoubtedly is the phenomenon of immigration. It is not a problem if it is coming up against the needs of the state of immigration, such as filling shortages in the domestic labor market. However, as the experience of Western European countries shows, this phenomenon is not easily regulated, and therefore it is not difficult to generate risks instead of the planned benefits. In this context, one should remember about the situation of Western European countries with extensive migration networks on their territories. It concerns not only the problems they are currently facing in trying to regulate the inflow of immigrants, but also far from the expected effects of actions aimed at integrating the immigrant communities with the new state. In the Polish strategic documents for years, immigration has been defined as a phenomenon requiring special attention of the state. Subsequent security strategies in their assessments sustained this direction of perception, however, this did not result in a wider approach to the problem. It seems, however, that the state security system requires continuous improvement of threats monitoring mechanisms, mainly to precisely determine not only the risk of their occurrence and scope, but also to define methods of counteracting them.
Old forensic Evidence, Contemporary Resources of forensic Science and the Police X-Files — Crime is Not an Abstract and theoretical Entity Out of Touch with Reality
Authors: Zubańska Magdalena
Published: November 2018

The obligation to prosecute the perpetrator of any crime throughout the entire period of its punishability is one of the statutory tasks of the Police. The prominent forensic scientist — Hans Gross claimed that crime is not an abstract and theoretical entity out of touch with reality, but a real social phenomenon that can be investigated and recognised. Nevertheless, archive shelves contain records of undetected crimes from the past years that cast a shadow over police statistics and never give investigators any peace of mind. These undetected crimes from a few, a dozen or even several dozen years ago, are reinvestigated by officers from the Cold Case Units (colloquially referred to as the Police X-Files). Currently, such a unit operates in each regional police headquarters as well as in the National Police Headquarters. The methods and means that the X-Files investigators take advantage of depend on the specificity of an individual case, however, in the model of their conduct, it is forensic science that plays a significant role — alongside covert policing or criminal analysis. Physical evidence plays a huge role in determining the objective truth, and thanks to the research methods and tools currently available to crime scene investigators, the boundaries of learning about the reality are expanding. Despite the passage of time, the purpose of criminal proceedings is achieved, i.e. perpetrators of many crimes committed years ago are identified and brought to justice.
System of Using of the Criminalistics Method in Slovakia to Verify Testimony on the Spot
Authors: Metenko Jozef
Published: November 2018

The primary goal of the study is to conduct analyses, on the basis of theoretical and empirical knowledge to describe the level of using and processing the verifying testimony on the spot in the Slovak criminalistics. For this method, it is typical that it is less frequent for use in investigative practice. The research, which was significantly larger than the results published here, shows that there is relatively little knowledge about this method among the police. Another important knowledge from research is the interest in the method in general, but its immediate application can be imagined by considerably fewer police officers. The secondary goal was to find out lacks and troubles in practical applying the verifying testimony on the spot, in the process of investigating crimes in Slovakia last years. The specific part of the study and research is also devoted to the history of the development of the concept and content of the method. These are very important parts of the study. They help to understand not only the formal legal definition in the legal regulation but also the true nature of the method and its structure. The author makes short concepts to propose changes necessary for effective using the verifying testimony on the spot in the Slovak police practice however mainly in the process of investigation. This study is a partial output for research vysk. 151.
Analytical Approach to Cooperation Between Fire Brigade and the Police — Comparison Study on Base of Polish and Portuguese Experiences
Authors: ZWĘGLIŃSKI Tomasz , Morgado Carlos
Published: November 2018

Cooperation is one of the fundamental processes which shape the natural, social, economic and cultural environments. Therefore, it appears evident that this concept gained recognition within numerous scientific areas, which include, among others: management, economics, anthropology, sociology, political science, the psychology of work, and others. The scope of concerned aspects relates to human relations, it seems necessary to reflect on the subject of consideration from the point of view of sociology. In the contemporary world everybody operates within a global system, therefore everyone is interdependent. The paradigm of the organization constitutes of a man, the purpose and structure. Cooperation is the opposite of social conflict, hence by the means of cooperation conflicts may be prevented and through cooperation conflicts may be solved. Currently, the rescue system in Poland is based on organized but dispersed areas of responsibility among public authorities and non-governmental organizations. In Portugal, civil protection and relief operations are multidisciplinary activities developed by agencies, services and entities, at the national, district and municipal levels, duly organized in the Integrated Protection and Relief Operations System. Therefore cooperation between agencies should be a never ending process which is realized through all crises management phases. Only then it brings the synergy effect in the key moments of complex life-saving operations. These two agencies are almost always present on a scene of small and major incidents. Therefore the authors recognized that the problem is worth to be addressed as a comparison study on the base of Polish and Portuguese experiences.
Analysis of ESP in the Context of Rapid Border Teams
Authors: Nováková Iveta
Published: November 2018

The study outlines current migration situation which has contributed to the establishment of rapid border teams in EU member states. In the theoretical part, the author identifies key migration terms along with ESP (English for Specific Purposes) for the needs of newly created police unit. The practical part analyses Regulation of the Ministry of Interior of the Slovak Republic on Foreign Police Unit No. 37/2017 and a new Regulation (EU) 2016/1624 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 September 2016 on the European Border and Coast Guard. On the basis of an international research carried out at the Academy of the Police Force in Bratislava “Language Modules for Selected Police Services” (No. 165) the author identifies the language content syllabus for specific language training of rapid border teams to be deployed in Frontex joint operations.
Perfil sociodemográfico e obstétrico de mulheres em idade materna avançada
Authors: Aldrighi Juliane Dias , Ribeiro Suelen Da Silva , Wall Marilene Loewen , Züge Samuel Spiegelberg , Souza Silvana Regina Rossi Kissula , Piler Adriana Aparecida
Published: November 2018

Objetivo: descrever o perfil sociodemográfico e obstétrico de mulheres em idade materna avançada atendidas em 2014 em um hospital universitário do sul do Brasil. Método: pesquisa descritiva, retrospectiva, de abordagem quantitativa, constituída de 223 prontuários de mulheres. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário estruturado no período de setembro de 2015 a janeiro de 2016. Resultados: das mulheres, 68,6% tinham entre 35 e 39 anos, 82,5% brancas, 75,7% casadas, 35,4% tinham ensino médio completo e 51,1% exerciam trabalho remunerado. Quanto ao perfil obstétrico, 91,9% realizaram o pré-natal, 53,4% tiveram parto cesáreo, 75,3% tiveram bebê a termo. Das 75,8% que apresentaram complicações, 14,2% tiveram pré-eclâmpsia e 28,4% diabetes mellitus gestacional. Considerações finais: os dados evidenciam um perfil sociodemográfico de mulheres brancas, com baixo nível de escolaridade e baixa renda. Na perspectiva obstétrica, houve alta porcentagem de complicações associadas à própria idade e às doenças pré-gestacionais.
Conocimientos necesarios para que el enfermero trabaje en la unidad de cuidados intensivos oncológicos
Authors: Torres Danelia Gómez , Gómez-Martínez María Carmen
Published: November 2018

Objetivo: determinar os conhecimentos da enfermeira para trabalhar na unidade de terapia Intensiva oncológica. Método: estudo qualitativo realizado com sete atores sociais, baseado na teoria das competências de Candela. Utilizou-se o método de estudo de casos múltiplos, apoiados por uma guia de entrevista e cédula de captação de dados; estes instrumentos foram validados por expertos na área. A coleta de dados foi de setembro a dezembro de 2016, posteriormente as análises de janeiro a fevereiro de 2017. Resultados: as maiores transcendências se aglutinam em categorias, sendo classificados por sistemas tais como: o respiratório, cardiovascular, nervoso central, tegumentário, imunológico e sistema hidroeletrolítico, assim como os conhecimentos relacionados com a limitação do esforço terapêutico e medicamentos citotóxicos. Considerações finais: o profissional de enfermagem, para oferecer um ótimo atendimento ao cliente, requer conhecimentos relacionados com os limites terapêuticos, tanatologia, cuidados paliativos e orientação espiritual do paciente oncológico em fase terminal.
Conhecimento de acadêmicos sobre a prevenção do câncer de colo do útero e de mama
Authors: Rocha Janaína Pereira Jales , Oliveira Kalyane Kelly Duarte de , Matoso Leonardo Magela Lopes , Dantas Sibele Lima da Costa , Maia Clécio André Alves da Silva
Published: November 2018

Objetivo: analisar o conhecimento de acadêmicos acerca da prevenção do câncer de colo do útero e de mama. Método: estudo quantitativo, descritivo, realizado em uma universidade privada. Os participantes foram acadêmicos dos cursos de Enfermagem, Fisioterapia e Nutrição do 2º ao 8º período. Analisou-se os dados por meio de estatística descritiva. Resultados: evidenciou-se que os acadêmicos têm um bom conhecimento sobre a prevenção do câncer de colo do útero e de mama. Mas 61% referem limitações para orientar as pessoas, visto que 59% das disciplinas não contribuem para tal. Conclusão: evidencia-se a importância da formação voltada para realidade da população, de forma que os futuros profissionais da saúde desenvolvam com competência as ações propostas pelas políticas de saúde, entre elas a política de controle do câncer de mama e colo do útero.
Diretivas Antecipadas de Vontade: percepção acerca da aplicabilidade no contexto neonatal e pediátrico
Authors: Godinho Maria Luzia Machado , Dias Matheus Viero , Devos Barlem Edison Luiz , Barlem Jamila Geri Tomaschewski , Rocha Laurelize Pereira , Ferreira Amanada Guimarães
Published: November 2018

Objetivo: conhecer a percepção dos profissionais de saúde acerca da aplicabilidade das diretivas antecipadas de vontade no contexto neonatal e pediátrico. Método: estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, desenvolvido em unidades de internação pediátricas - pediátrica e neonatal - de um hospital universitário no sul do Brasil. Participaram16 profissionais da equipe de enfermagem e médica. As coletas ocorreram por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, no período de setembro a outubro de 2015. Foi realizada análise textual discursiva. Resultados: evidenciou-se aspectos que dificultam a aplicabilidade das Diretivas, como: atitudes de negação da morte, comunicação fragilizada, compreensão da morte como um evento de caráter pontual, hierarquia posta e instrumentalização profissional. Como fatores facilitadores, a exemplo da interação (multi) profissional, criação de vínculo e apoio na espiritualidade. Considerações finais: identifica-se uma incompreensão e um desassossego em relação à morte e toda a sua significação pessoal, refletindo a dificuldade de aplicabilidade das Diretivas nesse âmbito.
A percepção da criança/adolescente com Paralisia Cerebral sobre sentir-se saudável ou doente
Authors: Milbrath Viviane Marten , Motta Maria da Graça Corso da , Gabatz Ruth Irmgard Bärtschi , Bazzan Jéssica Stragliotto
Published: November 2018

Objetivo: compreender como a criança/adolescente com paralisia cerebral vivencia e percebe seu processo de saúde e de doença. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, com abordagem fenomenológica – hermenêutica realizada no sul do Brasil, com onze crianças/adolescentes com paralisia cerebral, de outubro de 2011 a junho 2012. As informações foram coletadas por meio de entrevista fenomenológica, analisadas por meio da abordagem hermenêutica. Resultados: as crianças/adolescentes com paralisia cerebral compreendem a saúde como sinônimo de felicidade, ressaltando que a doença se trata de um fenômeno de privação, que interfere no seu modo de ser nas atividades cotidianas. Entretanto, mesmo com todas as privações, os participantes percebem-se como saudáveis. Considerações Finais: as crianças/adolescentes revelam-se como um ser-no-mundo com uma imagem corporal que lhes proporciona prazer, com valores morais e éticos. A formação desta autoimagem positiva é influenciada pela perspectiva criada pela família na visualização do vir-a-ser criança/adolescente com paralisia cerebral.
Percepção da enfermagem sobre a qualidade do Acolhimento com Classificação de Risco do serviço de emergência
Authors: Droguett Thamy Caamano , Okuno Meiry Fernanda Pinto , Campanharo Cassia Regina Vancini , Lopes Maria Carolina Barbosa Teixeira , Batista Ruth Ester Assayag
Published: November 2018

Objetivo: avaliar a qualidade do Acolhimento com Avaliação e Classificação de Risco de um serviço de emergência segundo percepção dos profissionais de enfermagem. Método: estudo transversal realizado no Acolhimento com Avaliação e Classificação de Risco do serviço de emergência do Hospital São Paulo, entre março e julho de 2016. Participaram 133 profissionais que atuavam no setor no mínimo há três meses. Foi utilizado questionário com variáveis para caracterização sociodemográfica e instrumento para Avaliação do Acolhimento com Classificação de Risco. Resultados: idade média 36,2 anos, maioria do sexo feminino (77,4%) e formado há mais de 5 anos (59,1%). O Acolhimento com Avaliação e Classificação de Risco obteve as seguintes pontuações: estrutura (23,0), processo (22,0) e resultado (20,9). Conclusão: o Acolhimento com Avaliação e Classificação de Risco foi avaliado como precário na percepção dos profissionais de enfermagem.
Passagem de plantão como ferramenta de gestão para segurança do paciente
Authors: Nascimento Juliana Da Silva Garcia , Rodrigues Regina Rodovalho , Pires Fabiana Cristina , Gomes Bárbara Ferreira
Published: November 2018

Objetivo: compreender o processo de passagem de plantão do enfermeiro e elaborar uma ferramenta para viabilizar cientificamente tal contexto. Método: estudo de abordagem qualitativa, descritivo, realizado com 18 enfermeiros, por entrevistas semiestruturada analisadas por meio da Análise de Conteúdo, de setembro a dezembro de 2016. Para a elaboração do instrumento, foram utilizadas a observação participante e o Método do Arco de Maguerez. Resultados: identificou-se que a passagem de plantão apresenta caráter empírico, evidenciando a ausência de ferramenta científica que qualifique este processo, fragilizando a segurança dos pacientes. Foram detectados nós críticos como: o local da passagem de plantão, interrupções e excesso de comunicação, dessa forma, elaborou-se um instrumento em formato de checklist embasado no modelo Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation – SBAR de comunicação. Considerações finais: evidencia-se que é possível eliminar o caráter empírico da passagem de plantão utilizando a ferramenta SBAR, favorecendo a segurança dos pacientes.
O papel do CDES nas interações estratégicas para o desenvolvimento.
Authors: Ribeiro Daniela Mesquita De Franco
Published: November 2018

O Conselho de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (CDES) foi criado para exercer um papel propositivo e articulador de um projeto de desenvolvimento por meio do diálogo social. Entendemos que, se assim o fizesse, o CDES viabilizaria interações estratégicas para o desenvolvimento. Ou seja, o CDES integraria um arranjo institucional capaz de enfrentar os problemas de coordenação da nova estratégia de desenvolvimento. Neste artigo, investigamos o papel que o Conselho desempenhou durante o governo Lula (2003-2010) por meio das dimensões contextuais e de aprendizado institucional. Argumentamos que, desde a sua criação, em 2003, até o nal do segundo governo Lula, o CDES foi uma importante arena de diálogo sobre o desenvolvimento promovendo interações estratégicas intermitentes. Com oscilações significativas quanto à intensidade e à forma de interação em suas fases, o Conselho teve seu auge de sua atuação durante a crise de 2008, ao alcançar um nível avançado de diálogo social por meio da promoção de interações estratégicas que contribuíram para a disseminação do clima de otimismo e recuperação da economia brasileira. Entretanto, a rápida desarticulação da dinâmica instituída sugere dificuldades para que a arena siga como articuladora de interações estratégicas.
Cultura e formação: os anos de aprendizado de Wilhelm Meister e o desencantamento de Goethe frente ao mundo burguês.
Authors: Pires Pedro Giovanetti Cesar
Published: November 2018

No presente artigo, gostaríamos de apresentar uma caracterização do contexto histórico que subjaz ao romance de Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832) Os anos de aprendizado de Wilhelm Meister (1796). Uma vez que o romance viria a se tornar uma peça-chave do gênero “romance de formação”, o contexto histórico do romance pode nos ajudar a entender justamente como a noção alemã de formação se cristalizou a partir da experiência histórica dessa nação. Mais especificamente, a cristalização da noção alemã de Bildung relaciona-se tanto com a posição da intelligentsia burguesa na estrutura social alemã, como também com o contexto mais amplo da emergência do mundo burguês. O romance em questão também relaciona-se intimamente com o percurso social de seu autor, e procuraremos analisar as possíveis influências desse percurso para a visão que o romance apresenta da modernidade emergente. A reconstrução do contexto histórico é feita a partir da obra de Norbert Elias 'O processo Civilizador', bem como a partir dos livros 'The German tradition of self-cultivation: Bildung from Humboldt to Thomas Mann' e 'Culture and Socitey in Classical Weimar 1775-1806' do historiador Walter Bruford.
Do campo à academia, da academia ao campo: as mulheres na agroecologia
Authors: Ramos Flavia Soares
Published: November 2018

A partir da década de 1990, alguns trabalhos acadêmicos começaram a evidenciar a participação das mulheres rurais em sistemas produtivos agroecológicos e a identificar fatores que contribuíam para mudanças signi cativas em suas vidas, especialmente no que diz respeito ao seu papel na família rural. Tais fatores, porém, muitas vezes foram tomados acriticamente e aceitos como incontestáveis, de modo que muitos trabalhos posteriores não apenas não questionam sua validade, como também usam esses fatores como indicadores para determinar em que estágio se encontram as mulheres dentro de projetos agroecológicos. Assim, na primeira parte desse trabalho, nos propomos a fazer uma breve revisão sobre a abordagem e inserção da perspectiva de gênero nos estudos sobre agroecologia, o que não ocorre de maneira generalizada em todas os trabalhos, mas majoritariamente em esforços de pesquisadoras mulheres. Na segunda parte, utilizaremos dados empíricos coletados na Região da Grande Florianópolis para re etir em que medida e de que maneira a agroecologia têm alterado ou não a realidade das mulheres participantes da pesquisa. De maneira geral, consideramos que não se pode tomar a conversão para a agroecologia como certa para a melhoria das condições de vida das mulheres.
As Jornadas de junho de 2013 no Brasil: anarquismo e tática Black Blocs
Authors: Moraes Isaias Albertin , Vieira Fernando Antonio Da Costa
Published: November 2018

O presente trabalho é fruto de pesquisa de campo realizada nas Jornadas de junho de 2013 com objetivo de avaliar a participação dos anarquistas, o uso da tática Black Blocs e a cobertura da mídia. Para atingir seu escopo, na primeira parte, a pesquisa apresentou notas sobre o anarquismo e uma breve historiogra a do movimento no Brasil. Na segunda parte, focou-se em relatar as experiências vivenciadas em trabalho de campo realizado nas cidades de São Paulo e de Rio de Janeiro durante as Jornadas de junho de 2013. Empenhou-se em contextualizar e em avaliar criticamente o cenário multifacetado e complexo em que as manifestações estavam inseridas. Os resultados obtidos com a pesquisa empírica e as entrevistas foram confrontados com as contribuições teóricas existentes sobre a temática e o material midiático produzido, criando a possibilidade de um diálogo entre as diversas fontes levantadas.
As dinâmicas da violência urbana na América Latina
Authors: Cavalcanti Ricardo Caldas
Published: November 2018

A América Latina é a região com o maior número de homicídios do planeta, tanto em termos relativos quanto em termos absolutos (Dudley, 2013). Das dez cidades mais violentas do mundo, com mais de trezentos mil habitantes, todas são latino-americanas (Gagne, 2016). Com apenas 8% da população mundial, o sub-continente registra 31% dos homicídios no planeta. A percepção dos cidadãos também é fortemente afetada pela incidência de ações violentas presentes em suas rotinas (Cawley, 2013). Diante de tais constatações, o principal objetivo deste trabalho é ampliar o debate e empreender uma explicação que versa sobre a questão da criminalidade violenta na região como sendo fomentada por desdobramentos em múltiplas esferas. Para isso, optamos por utilizar a tipologia traçada por Briceño-Leon (2005), onde o foco é voltado para compreender os fatores causais da violência epidêmica na América Latina, transitando por níveis analíticos variados, desde o mais geral até o mais particular.
Temores, ausências e redefinições: idiossincrasias da imigração senegalesa no Sul do Brasil.
Authors: Tedesco João Carlos
Published: November 2018

O artigo analisa aspectos da imigração senegalesa no centro-norte do Rio Grande do Sul; discute o fato de ser uma imigração recente e, por isso, produz envolvimentos no campo social; centraliza as representações, as reações, os comentários e as posições dos autóctones. Por meio de questionários e narrativas orais, o texto busca descrever os complexos, custosos e perigosos caminhos para chegar ao Brasil a partir do Equador, bem como inserir-se e integrar-se na sociedade regional. Conclui que a família, o trabalho ea crença religiosa formam um tripé que alimenta, justifica e permiteenfrentar as adversidades que a realidade de imigrante apresenta. Enfatiza que imigrantes e representantes associativos temem possíveis mudanças culturais que o processo integrativo na sociedade de destino vem produzindo, principalmente em torno do que expressamser o “abrasileirar-se”. Enfim, o artigo conclui que imigrantes senegaleses organizam estratégias e rituais, em seu cotidiano, para enfrentar os temores da perda de referenciais culturais e de solidariedade que os caracterizou nos primeiros anos na sociedade de destino.
Inmigración en Berisso (Argentina, 1909-2010). Caracterización, distribución y segregación espacial.
Authors: Herrera Nicolás
Published: November 2018

A partir de fuentes secundarias provenientes del campo historiográfico y datos estadísticos tomados de distintas bases censales, en este artículo analizo las dinámicas migratorias que caracterizaron a la ciudad de Berisso (Argentina) a lo largo de todo un siglo (1909-2010). Dentro de este marco general el artículo posee dos objetivos específicos. Al no haber encontrado investigaciones que describan a la población extranjera de Berisso luego del censo de 1980, el primer objetivo específico es caracterizar demográficamente a dicha población mediante cuatro variables: continente y país de origen, sexo y edad. A partir de los Censos Nacionales de Población de los años 1991, 2001 y 2010 (INDEC) mostraré -entre otros datos- el descenso en la cantidad de inmigrantes europeos que viven en la ciudad, el envejecimiento de esa población, el aumento de los inmigrantes americanos y su creciente tasa de feminización. Finalmente me centraré en el censo del año 2010 para georreferenciar a la población extranjera de Berisso. Con esto me propongo, como segundo objetivo específico, analizar su segregación espacial: mientras los inmigrantes europeos viven (mayoritariamente) en el centro de la ciudad, los inmigrantes latinoamericanos se encuentran radicados (mayoritariamente) en su periferia sur.
Implementation of an Effective Bond Energy Formalism in the
Multicomponent Calphad Approach
Authors: Dupin Nathalie , Kattner Ursula R. , Sundman Bo , Palumbo Mauro , Fries Suzana G.
Published: November 2018

Most models currently used for complex phases in the calculation of phase diagrams
(Calphad) method are based on the compound energy formalism. The way this formalism is
presently used, however, is prone to poor extrapolation behavior in higher-order
systems, especially when treating phases with complex crystal structures. In this paper,
a partition of the Gibbs energy into effective bond energies, without changing its
confgurational entropy expression, is proposed, thereby remarkably improving the
extrapolation behavior. The proposed model allows the use of as many sublattices as
there are occupied Wyckoff sites and has great potential for reducing the number of
necessary parameters, thus allowing shorter computational time. Examples for face
centered cubic (fcc) ordering and the σ phase are given.
MODIFIED CARBON FIBER. USING THEM TO REMOVE METAL AND ORGANIC IMPURITIES FROM AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Valinurova Elvira R. , Shaymukhametova Gulnaz F. , Kozhanova Alena A. , Fokina Ekaterina O.
Published: November 2018

The adsorption properties of activated and graphitized carbon fibers to heavy metal ions, phenols and anilines have been studied. It is shown that carbon fibers, modified by oxidation with concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids, quantitatively extract ions of heavy metals from water. The distribution and selectivity coefficients of adsorption of heavy metal ions on an activated carbon fiber and its oxidized samples are calculated, and selectivity series of adsorption are presented. Preliminary treatment of carbon fibers with organic reagents containing heteroatoms-donors of activity and selectivity was carried out. Preliminary application of urea to the surface of the carbon fiber, reduces the time of establishment of adsorption equilibrium from 1.5 - 2 h to 40 min, and increases the recovery of bismuth to 64%. Modification of the carbon fiber with thiourea allows quantitatively (99%) to recover bismuth from water in 20 min. The degree of extraction of tin by modified thiourea fiber increases by 14% and reaches 53%. Molybdenum (VI) and mercury (II) are recovered by activated carbon fiber modified with a 15% solution of thiourea by 80% and 99%, respectively. Modification of the surface of activated and graphitized carbon fibers with C60 fullerenes increases the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon fiber to cadmium ions to 69%, and of graphitized carbon fiber to 64%. From the Langmuir equation rectified in the coordinates of the adsorption isotherms of organic and inorganic adsorbates, the monolayer capacitances and the sorption equilibrium constants are calculated. Static exchange capacities of carbon adsorbents for ions of heavy metals vary in the range from 2.8 to 23.0 mg/g. The adsorption equilibrium constants range from 0.1·103 to 9.0·103. It is shown that the adsorption of phenols and anilines depends on the mutual arrangement of the functional groups in the adsorbate molecules. The adsorption equilibrium constants of para-substituted derivatives of phenol and aniline are somewhat lower than those of meta- and ortho-derivatives, the functional groups of which are bound by intramolecular hydrogen bonds and can’t participate fully in adsorption.
Food web rewiring in a changing world
Authors: Bartley Timothy J , McCann Kevin S , Bieg Carling , Cazelles Kévin , Granados Monica , Guzzo Matthew M , MacDougall Andrew S , Tunney Tyler D , McMeans Bailey C
Published: November 2018

Climate change is asymmetrically altering environmental conditions in space, from local to global scales, creating novel heterogeneity. Here, we argue that this novel heterogeneity will drive mobile generalist consumer species to rapidly respond through their behavior in ways that broadly and predictably reorganize—or rewire—food webs. We use existing theory and data from diverse ecosystems to show that the rapid behavioral responses of generalists to climate change rewire food webs in two distinct and critical ways. Firstly, mobile generalist species are redistributing into systems where they were previously absent and foraging on new prey, resulting in topological rewiring—a change in the patterning of food webs due to the addition or loss of connections. Secondly, mobile generalist species, which navigate between habitats and ecosystems to forage, will shift their relative use of differentially altered habitats and ecosystems, causing interaction strength rewiring—changes that reroute energy and carbon flows through existing food web connections and alter the food web’s interaction strengths. We then show that many species with shared traits can exhibit unified aggregate behavioral responses to climate change, which may allow us to understand the rewiring of whole food webs. We end by arguing that generalists’ responses present a powerful and underutilized approach to understand and predict the consequences of climate change and may serve as much-needed early warning signals for monitoring the looming impacts of global climate change on entire ecosystems.
Phylogenetic diversity and the north Andean Block conservation
Authors: León-Alvarado Omar D. , Miranda-Esquivel Daniel
Published: November 2018

The Northern Andean Block harbors high biodiversity, being one of the most important areas in the Neotropics, but the settlement of several human populations has triggered rapid transformations of the ecosystems, leading to the extinction or endangerment of many species. Phylogenetic diversity indices quantify the distinctness between species and, therefore, they are an adequate tool to evaluate conservation priority areas. Here we present a plausible phylogenetic scenario for conservation in the North Andean Block and the contribution of the protected areas to the phylogenetic diversity. Our results showed that the Average Taxonomic Distinctness index had the lowest correlation with richness and therefore it is the most suitable index. We found the highest index values in the areas of Magdalena, Páramo, and Cauca. Endemic species and protected areas did not contribute significantly to phylogenetic diversity. It is preferable to prioritize areas within adjacent and complementary cells, which belong to the upper quantile of the index value.
Hyperactivation of ERK by multiple mechanisms is toxic to RTK-RAS mutation-driven lung adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Unni Arun M , Harbourne Bryant , Oh Min Hee , Wild Sophia , Ferrarone John R , Lockwood William W , Varmus Harold
Published: November 2018

Synthetic lethality results when mutant KRAS and EGFR proteins are co-expressed in human lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells, revealing the biological basis for mutual exclusivity of KRAS and EGFR mutations. We have now defined the biochemical events responsible for the toxic effects by combining pharmacological and genetic approaches and to show that signaling through extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) mediates the toxicity. These findings imply that tumors with mutant oncogenes in the RAS pathway must restrain the activity of ERK1/2 to avoid toxicities and enable tumor growth. A dual specificity phosphatase, DUSP6, that negatively regulates phosphorylation of (P)-ERK is up-regulated in EGFR- or KRAS-mutant LUAD, potentially protecting cells with mutations in the RAS signaling pathway, a proposal supported by experiments with DUSP6-specific siRNA and an inhibitory drug. Targeting DUSP6 or other negative regulators might offer a treatment strategy for certain cancers by inducing the toxic effects of RAS-mediated signaling.
The shape of the bacterial ribosome exit tunnel affects cotranslational protein folding
Authors: Kudva Renuka , Tian Pengfei , Pardo-Avila Fátima , Carroni Marta , Best Robert B , Bernstein Harris D , von Heijne Gunnar
Published: November 2018

The E. coli ribosome exit tunnel can accommodate small folded proteins, while larger ones fold outside. It remains unclear, however, to what extent the geometry of the tunnel influences protein folding. Here, using E. coli ribosomes with deletions in loops in proteins uL23 and uL24 that protrude into the tunnel, we investigate how tunnel geometry determines where proteins of different sizes fold. We find that a 29-residue zinc-finger domain normally folding close to the uL23 loop folds deeper in the tunnel in uL23 Δloop ribosomes, while two ~ 100 residue proteins normally folding close to the uL24 loop near the tunnel exit port fold at deeper locations in uL24 Δloop ribosomes, in good agreement with results obtained by coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. This supports the idea that cotranslational folding commences once a protein domain reaches a location in the exit tunnel where there is sufficient space to house the folded structure.
FoxA1 and FoxA2 drive gastric differentiation and suppress squamous identity in NKX2-1-negative lung cancer
Authors: Camolotto Soledad A , Pattabiraman Shrivatsav , Mosbruger Timothy L , Jones Alex , Belova Veronika K , Orstad Grace , Streiff Mitchell , Salmond Lydia , Stubben Chris , Kaestner Klaus H , Snyder Eric L
Published: November 2018

Changes in cancer cell identity can alter malignant potential and therapeutic response. Loss of the pulmonary lineage specifier NKX2-1 augments the growth of KRAS-driven lung adenocarcinoma and causes pulmonary to gastric transdifferentiation. Here, we show that the transcription factors FoxA1 and FoxA2 are required for initiation of mucinous NKX2-1-negative lung adenocarcinomas in the mouse and for activation of their gastric differentiation program. Foxa1/2 deletion severely impairs tumor initiation and causes a proximal shift in cellular identity, yielding tumors expressing markers of the squamocolumnar junction of the gastrointestinal tract. In contrast, we observe downregulation of FoxA1/2 expression in the squamous component of both murine and human lung adenosquamous carcinoma. Using sequential in vivo recombination, we find that FoxA1/2 loss in established KRAS-driven neoplasia originating from SPC-positive alveolar cells induces keratinizing squamous cell carcinomas. Thus, NKX2-1, FoxA1 and FoxA2 coordinately regulate the growth and identity of lung cancer in a context-specific manner.
Response to short-term deprivation of the human adult visual cortex measured with 7T BOLD
Authors: Binda Paola , Kurzawski Jan W , Lunghi Claudia , Biagi Laura , Tosetti Michela , Morrone Maria Concetta
Published: November 2018

Sensory deprivation during the post-natal ‘critical period’ leads to structural reorganization of the developing visual cortex. In adulthood, the visual cortex retains some flexibility and adapts to sensory deprivation. Here we show that short-term (2 hr) monocular deprivation in adult humans boosts the BOLD response to the deprived eye, changing ocular dominance of V1 vertices, consistent with homeostatic plasticity. The boost is strongest in V1, present in V2, V3 and V4 but absent in V3a and hMT+. Assessment of spatial frequency tuning in V1 by a population Receptive-Field technique shows that deprivation primarily boosts high spatial frequencies, consistent with a primary involvement of the parvocellular pathway. Crucially, the V1 deprivation effect correlates across participants with the perceptual increase of the deprived eye dominance assessed with binocular rivalry, suggesting a common origin. Our results demonstrate that visual cortex, particularly the ventral pathway, retains a high potential for homeostatic plasticity in the human adult.
Endocytosis at the Drosophila blood–brain barrier as a function for sleep
Authors: Artiushin Gregory , Zhang Shirley L , Tricoire Hervé , Sehgal Amita
Published: November 2018

Glia are important modulators of neural activity, yet few studies link glia to sleep regulation. We find that blocking activity of the endocytosis protein, dynamin, in adult Drosophila glia increases sleep and enhances sleep need, manifest as resistance to sleep deprivation. Surface glia comprising the fly equivalent of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) mediate the effect of dynamin on sleep. Blocking dynamin in the surface glia causes ultrastructural changes, albeit without compromising the integrity of the barrier. Supporting a role for endocytic trafficking in sleep, a screen of Rab GTPases identifies sleep-modulating effects of the recycling endosome Rab11 in surface glia. We also find that endocytosis is increased in BBB glia during sleep and reflects sleep need. We propose that endocytic trafficking through the BBB represents a function of sleep.
Adjuvant Lymphatic Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment in Patients With Lower-Extremity Ulcers: Effects on Wound Healing and Edema
Authors: Kilgore Teresa , Malia Marilyn , Di Giacinto Brian , Minter Stephanie , Samies John
Published: November 2018

Context

In 2012, the US wound registry estimated that the cost of managing chronic wounds in the United States exceeded $50 billion. A large percentage of these wounds are venous stasis ulcers of the lower extremity. Evidence suggests that adjuvant osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) may provide a benefit by reducing edema and subsequent healing times in venous stasis ulcers of the lower extremity.

Objective

To determine whether a lymphatic OMT protocol improves wound healing rates among patients with lower-extremity edema.

Methods

This pilot study was a nonrandomized before-after community trial of lymphatic OMT in patients with lower-extremity wounds and edema. Wound surface area measurements for the preliminary phase were obtained retrospectively. During the intervention period, patients received 10 minutes of OMT twice per week. The OMT protocol, which aimed to improve lymphatic flow, included myofascial thoracic outlet release, doming of the diaphragm, pelvic diaphragm release, popliteal release, and pedal pump (2-3 minutes of continuous pump) performed in sequence. Rates of wound healing were compared between the preliminary (standard therapy), intervention (standard therapy plus OMT), and follow-up (standard therapy) phases. Rates of change in edema (measured using leg volume) were evaluated during the intervention phase. A custom-designed questionnaire was used to assess patients’ satisfaction with their treatment and confidence that its effects on their health were good.

Results

Eight patients were included in the study. The wound surface area increased during the preliminary phase by a mean of 10 cm2/wk and decreased during the intervention phase by a mean of 4.9 cm2/wk. Patients’ mean leg volume decreased during the intervention phase. Six patients were “very satisfied” with their treatment.

Conclusion

The adjunctive OMT protocol may have reduced edema and reversed the trend of wound growth in patients with venous stasis ulcers. Edema reduction is a mainstay of current wound therapy, and any modality that decreases edema may subsequently decrease healing times.