bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sintesis dan Karaktersisasi Surfaktan Sukrosa Ester Asam Lemak sebagai Surfaktan
Authors: Yuliatun Simping , Mustofa Ghufron Bisri , Janah Reza Rodhatul
Published: July 2024

Surfaktan sukrosa ester asam lemak bersifat biodegradable dan banyak digunakan dalam bidang makanan, kosmetik dan produk pembersih karena dapat bertindak sebagai pengemulsi, pembusa dan agen dispersan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik produk sukrosa ester asam lemak dengan menggunakan jenis katalis yaitu K2CO3 dan Na2CO3 serta pengelmulsi kalium palmitat dan kalium stearat. Proses sintesa surfaktan ini diawali dengan pembuatan metil ester asam lemak (MEAL) dari minyak sawit, selanjutnya dilakukan reaksi trans esterifikasi antara MEAL dengan perlakuan jenis pengemulsi berupa kalium palmitat dan kalium stearat, serta perlakuan jenis katalis berupa K2CO3 dan Na2CO3. Tiap perlakuan dilakukan dengan 3 kali ulangan. Sukrosa ester asam lemak dikarakterisasi untuk parameter tegangan antar muka, konsentrasi kritis misel, kesetimbangan hidrofilik lipofilik, bilangan asam dan bilangan penyabunan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sukrosa ester asam lemak diperoleh 14,73% dengan derajat esterifikasi sebesar 12,74±0,51% pada penggunaan katalis kalium karbonat dan pengemulsi kalium stearat Karakter surfaktan sukrosa ester pada kombinasi penggunaan katalis kalium karbonat dan pengelmulsi kalium stearat sebagai berikut tegangan muka 10,68±0,51%, konsentrasi kritis misel 15,0±0,2 ppm, nilai kesetimbangan hidrofilik-lipofilik sebesar 17,58.
Comparison of Time and Rate of Achieving Minimal Clinically Important Difference: Robotic Versus Manual Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Lim Perry L. , Sayeed Zain , Gonzalez Marcos R. , Melnic Christopher M. , Bedair Hany S.
Published: July 2024

Background:

Robotics in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) continues to increase with the ever-growing demand to use technology in the surgical setting. However, no studies have used minimal clinically important difference (MCID) to compare patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) between robotic UKA (rUKA) and manual UKA (mUKA). This study aimed to compare the rate of achieving MCID for improvement (MCID-I) and worsening (MCID-W) and the time to achieving MCID.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective analysis of robotic and manual UKAs performed between 2016 and 2022. Preoperative and postoperative Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Global Physical, PROMIS Physical Function Short-Form 10a (PF-10a), and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score-Physical Function Short-Form (KOOS-PS) scores were collected. Patients were stratified on reaching MCID-I, MCID-W, or “no notable change” (score between MCID-W and MCID-I). Survival curves with and without interval censoring were used to assess the time to achieving the MCID. Log-rank and weighted log-rank tests were used to compare groups.

Results:

A total of 256 UKAs (64 robotic and 192 manual) were analyzed. No differences were observed in the proportion of patients achieving MCID-I or MCID-W across all three PROMs. Similarly, median time to achieving MCID showed no significant differences between rUKA and mUKA for PROMIS Global Physical (3.3 versus 4.9 months, P = 0.44), PROMIS PF-10a (7.7 versus 8.3 months, P = 0.93), and KOOS-PS (3.0 versus 6.0 months, P = 0.055) scores, both with and without interval censoring.

Discussion:

This study indicates that rUKA and mUKA exhibit comparable rates of achieving MCID-I and MCID-W, along with similar median time to reach MCID. These findings offer valuable patient-centric insights into the effectiveness of rUKA. Additional studies evaluating the long-term outcomes of rUKA are needed to determine its long-term advantages.

Level of evidence:

Level III, retrospective comparative study.
PENGARUH ETOS KERJA, BUDAYA ORGANISASI DAN KOMITMEN KARYAWAN TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PUSAT PENELITIAN KELAPA SAWIT (PPKS) UNIT MARIHAT PEMATANG SIANTAR
Authors: Sitio Febri Liana , Purba Betniar , Sitompul Pandapotan
Published: July 2024

This study aims to determine and explain the effect of work ethic, organizational culture and employee commitment on employee performance at the Palm Oil Research Center (PPKS) Marihat Unit Pematang Siantar. The population in this study were 230 permanent employees and the number of samples through the slovin formula with a total of 70 permanent employees. The analysis techniques used in this study are validity and reliability tests, multiple linear regression, t test, F test and the coefficient of determination (R2) using the help of SPSS Version 25. The results showed that there was an influence between the independent variables, namely work ethic, organizational culture and employee commitment on the dependent variable, namely employee performance. From the results of simultaneous testing (F test) shown in the Fcount value of (90,680) > Ftable (2.51) it can be concluded that work ethic, organizational culture and employee commitment have a simultaneous and significant effect on employee performance. From the results of partial testing (t test) obtained the value of Work Ethic tcount (6,951) > t table (1,668), Organizational Culture tcount value (4,761) > t table (1,668) and Employee Commitment tcount value (5,359) > t table (1,668). This means that Work Ethic, Organizational Culture and Employee Commitment have a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance at the Palm Oil Research Center (PPKS) Marihat Unit Pematang Siantar. The coefficient of determination (R Square) is 0.805. This means that variations in Employee Performance can be explained by variations in Work Ethic, Organizational Culture and Employee Commitment by 80.5% while 19.5% can be explained by other factors not discussed in this study.
PENGARUH DURASI DAN CONVEXITY TERHADAP HARGA OBLIGASI PADA PERUSAHAAN PERBANKAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2017-2021
Authors: Silalahi Donalson , Laoly Eka Putri
Published: July 2024

This research aims to determine and explain the effect of duration and convexity on bond prices in banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017-2021 period. To achieve this aim, research was carried out using purposive sampling techniques, thus obtaining a sample of 11 banking companies that issued bonds with a research period of five years. The analysis model used is a multiple linear regression model. The research results show that: First, duration has a positive and significant effect on bond prices, convexity has a positive and insignificant effect on bond prices. The ability of duration and convexity to explain variations in bond prices is 2.9 percent. Second, duration has a positive and significant effect on bond prices, convexity has a negative and significant effect on bond prices in the discount price group. Duration has a positive and significant effect on bond prices, convexity has a positive and significant effect on bond prices in the premium price group. The ability of duration and convexity to explain variations in bond prices is in the range of 92.8-94.4 percent.
Neoliberalismo, derechas políticas e intervención social. Algunas notas rápidas del gobierno de La Libertad Avanza en Argentina
Authors: Zuccaro Agustín
Published: July 2024

El trabajo pretende ensayar algunas reflexiones acerca del gobierno de La Libertad Avanza en Argentina, tomando como principal referencia los enunciados de los dirigentes del partido y las primeras medidas realizadas en el Estado. Se lo sitúa en el campo de las derechas políticas que estructuran su ideario en el proyecto neoliberal, específicamente influenciada por la escuela austriaca de economía. A raíz de ello, se construye un modo de intervención social que se denomina “asistencialización de la incertidumbre”.
Experiencia. Reflexiones sobre las categorías analíticas propuestas por E.P Thompson
Authors: Diez María Carolina
Published: July 2024

En el presente artículo se propone el abordaje de la noción de experiencia, a partir del análisis centrado en las categorías construidas por Edward Palmer Thompson. Las reflexiones, parten de algunas preguntas iniciales sobre el sentido que asume la noción ¿Qué entiende por experiencia social?, ¿Cómo piensa el autor las dimensiones individuales y colectivas en el análisis que propone sobre la “experiencia”? Para responder dichos interrogantes, se contextualiza el planteo del autor en la producción teórica en el campo de las ciencias sociales contemporáneas y, específicamente, dentro de la tradición del pensamiento marxista. Este trabajo de reflexión teórico-metodológica se organiza en tres apartados. El primero, sitúa el problema de la escisión entre acción y estructura. Se mencionan las perspectivas, elaboraciones e intentos teóricos para evitar los análisis dicotómicos que mutilan y desvinculan las dimensiones que otorgan complejidad. En el segundo, se aborda especialmente la categoría analítica de experiencia. Se recuperan las principales reflexiones de E. P. Thompson sobre el concepto y sus planteos sobre la necesaria articulación de diferentes dimensiones en la construcción de la realidad social, política, económica, ideológica y cultural. Finalmente, en un último ítem, se exponen reflexiones finales y nuevas interrogaciones.
Motivation in students’ language learning performance: A comprehensive review
Authors: Othman Salah Mahmoud
Published: July 2024

This article will analyze the critical role of motivation in students' performance in learning a language, underlining that it affects their engagement, participation, and appropriate use of strategies. Motivation is fostered by personal goals, self-efficacy, and interests, as well as external factors such as relationships between teachers and students and classroom settings. This article, therefore, focus on the importance of diversified strategies to boost motivation through such methods as appropriate content and interactive teaching methods with a supportive atmosphere. Sustaining motivation is a very crucial activity in which teachers are involved; therefore, this paper is a call for collaborative efforts by all educators, administrators, parents, and students. The implications in this paper include; teacher training, relevant curriculum design, supportive educational policies, parents' involvement, student engagement, identification of those who are motivated by rewards only, cross-cultural issues, professional development, multimedia use and collaboration by other stakeholders. These are thought to offer a broad view and encouragement in language learning that highlight the shared responsibility of long-lasting motivation.
RASTREAMENTO DO RISCO DE SARCOPENIA EM PACIENTES PÓS-COVID-19
Authors: Bezerra Palloma de Oliveira S , Silva Ingrid R Torres Teles da , Reis Thaís Nunes Alves , Silva Diego Felipe dos Santos , Skrapec Michele Vantini Checchio , Neves Victor Ribeiro , Souza Thays Kallyne Marinho de , Ferreira Ádrya Aryelle , Silveira Matheus Sobral
Published: July 2024

Diante da COVID-19, houve uma preocupação com a sintomatologia aguda e com possíveis sequelas geradas em médio e longo prazo. Uma das cronicidades do pós-covid diz respeito ao comprometimento musculoesquelético, sistema relacionado com o desenvolvimento e o risco de sarcopenia. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é descrever o rastreamento do risco de sarcopenia em pacientes pós-covid-19. É um estudo descritivo observacional, transversal, quantitativo, a partir da análise de prontuários de pacientes elegíveis, atendidos no ambulatório do Programa de Reabilitação Funcional na Síndrome pós-covid-19 (ReabGRUPE), entre abril e dezembro de 2022. Esse rastreamento foi realizado com a utilização dos instrumentos SARC-F, para adultos, e SARC-Calf, para idosos, e coleta da força de preensão palmar. A organização das variáveis ocorreu por meio de planilha desenvolvida no programa Microsoft Office Excel® versão 2023. Os dados foram analisados no programa Statistical Package for Social Sciences® (versão 20.0, IBM, EUA). Participaram do estudo 36 pacientes, com média de idade de 41,78 ± 3,23. Analisando o rastreamento, mediante a utilização do instrumento SARC-F, foi observado que, dos adultos avaliados, 24 (85,7%) encontram-se sem risco de sarcopenia, e 4 (14,3%) com risco. Já mediante a aplicação do SARC-Calf nos idosos avaliados, 75% apresentam sem risco de sarcopenia e 25% com risco. A presente pesquisa verificou que não houve risco de sarcopenia em pacientes pós-covid-19 atendidos no ambulatório do ReabGRUPE. Contudo, destaca-se que esses pacientes podem ter uma maior fragilidade, apontando para a necessidade de maiores estudos e preparo ambulatorial para o atendimento desses pacientes.
OS DESAFIOS DA EDUCAÇÃO MATEMÁTICA PARA INCLUIR OS ESTUDANTES COM TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA
Authors: Santos Ariane Luzia dos
Published: July 2024

Na perspectiva da educação inclusiva, o presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar os desafios da Educação Matemática para incluir os estudantes com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA), nas aulas de matemática, nos diferentes níveis de escolaridade da eduação básica. A metodologia adotada para realização desta pesquisa é a revisão de literatura sistemática sobre o tema em questão. Os dados foram coletados nas revistas vinculadas à Sociedade Brasileira de Educação Matemática (SBEM). Os resultados apontam que existem poucas publicações científicas com a temática sobre o processo de ensino e aprendizagem de Matemática para alunos com TEA e os desafios gerados durante o andamento das aulas. Diante disso, ressaltamos a necessidade de ampliar pesquisas acadêmicas na área da Educação Matemática Inclusiva para apontar os desafios e apresentar práticas que possam contribuir no processo efetivo de inclusão dos estudantes autistas nas aulas de matemática.
Field evaluation of the effects of a porcine circovirus type 2 vaccine on finishing pig growth performance, carcass characteristics, and mortality rate in a herd with a history of porcine circovirus-associated disease
Authors: Jacela Jay , Dritz Steve , DeRouchey Joel , Tokach Mike , Goodband Robert , Nelssen Jim
Published: July 2024

Objective: To evaluate porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccine influence on growth performance and mortality rate of finishing pigs. Materials and methods: The study treatments (vaccinated for PCV2 or nonvaccinated control and barrow or gilt) were arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial. Pigs (PIC L337 × 1050) were randomly assigned to Vaccinated or Control treatments within gender. In Experiment One, pigs were vaccinated at 9 and 11 weeks of age, and in Experiment Two, pigs were vaccinated at 5 and 7 weeks of age. Performance data were then collected during the finisher on-test period beginning when pigs were 11 weeks of age. Pig weights and feed intake were recorded on a pen basis. Results: In Experiment One, average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake, gain-to-feed ratio, and mortality were better (P < .05) in Vaccinated pigs than in Controls. In Experiment Two, there were vaccine-by-gender interactions for ADG (P < .01) and final weight (P < .05), as ADG was greater in Vaccinated barrows than in Vaccinated gilts (P < .01). Overall, greater ADG resulted in Vaccinated pigs being 2.9 kg heavier (P < .01) than Controls at market. Mortality rates of Vaccinated pigs were lower (P < .05) than those of Controls (2.8 percentage units in Experiments One and 6.2 percentage units in Experiment Two). Implications: The superior growth performance and lower mortality after vaccination confirmed the efficacy of the commercial PCV2 vaccine used in this study.
Use of a micro-encapsulated eucalyptus-medium chain fatty acid product as an alternative to zinc oxide and antibiotics for weaned pigs
Authors: Han Yung-Keun , Hwang Hwan , Thacker Philip
Published: July 2024

Objective: To compare the effects of eucalyptus-medium chain fatty acids (E-MCFAs), zinc oxide (ZnO), and antibiotics on performance, nutrient digestibility, and serum chemistry parameters of nursery pigs. Materials and methods: Three experiments were conducted. Recently weaned barrows, weighing approximately 7 kg, were allotted to five treatments consisting of a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with antibiotics (33 mg per kg tiamulin and 44 mg per kg lincomycin), ZnO (1500 or 2500 mg per kg), or 0.1% E-MCFAs (Experiments One and Two). In Experiment Three, 1% diatomaceous earth was added as a digestibility marker and the negative control was not used. Results: In Experiment One (n = 24), average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were lower (P < .05), while in Experiment Two (n = 18), ADG was lower (P < .05) for pigs fed the basal diet than for pigs fed any of the supplemented diets. In all three experiments, performance of pigs fed the four supplemented diets did not differ (P > .05). Apparent fecal digestibility of crude protein, calcium, phosphorus, energy, lysine, histidine, phenylalanine, and threonine was higher (P < .05) in the diet supplemented with E-MCFAs than in diets supplemented with ZnO or antibiotics (n = 6). Serum zinc, glutamic-oxaloacetic transferase, and glutamic-pyruvic transferase were higher for pigs fed the ZnO-supplemented diets than for pigs fed the other two treatments (n = 9). Implication: Eucalyptus-MCFAs can be successfully used as a growth promoter in diets fed to nursery pigs.
Effect of olfactory stimulation during suckling on agonistic behavior in weaned pigs
Authors: Fuentes Maria , Otal Juio , Hevia Maria , Quiles Alberto , Fuentes Francisco
Published: July 2024

Objective: To determine the effect of olfactory stimulation during suckling on the weaned pig’s welfare. Materials and methods: Six Control group sows and six treatment (Banana) group sows were used, each with 10 piglets. Treatment consisted of daily topical application of isoamyl acetate (banana scent) on the skin of the sows’ mammary glands during the 21 days of suckling. Preference of the piglets for the banana scent was tested with a V-maze at 4 and 21 days of age. After weaning, pigs were regrouped into groups of 10. For the Banana group, feeders were scented with isoamyl acetate for the 15 days after weaning. During the first 5 hours after regrouping, a video camera was used to record nonagonistic, aggressive, and submissive behaviors. Pigs were weighed on their day of birth and at 21 and 35 days of age. Feed consumed was weighed during suckling and for 15 days post weaning. Results: Banana group pigs spent more time in the scented arm of the V-maze. They weighed more after weaning and had greater average daily gain (ADG) than the Control piglets (P < .05). During the postweaning observation period, Banana group pigs showed more nonagonistic and submissive behaviors and less aggressive behavior (P < .05). Feed consumption and ADG did not differ between treatment groups. Implications: Treatment of the sows’ mammary glands with banana scent stimulates milk consumption. Treatment of the feeder with this same scent after weaning is associated with less aggressive behavior, but not with better growth parameters.
Longitudinal study of fecal Salmonella shedding by sows
Authors: Magistrali Chiara , D'Avino Nicoletta , Ciuti Francesca , Cucco Lucilla , Maresca Carmen , Paniccia Mart , Scoccia Eleonora , Tentellini Michele , Pezzotti Giovanni
Published: July 2024

Objectives: To compare fecal excretion of Salmonella in sows of different parities and stages of reproduction. Materials and methods: A total of 166 sows at two farrow-to-finish farms in Italy were tested for Salmonella shedding at four stages of reproduction. Sows were divided into three groups: primiparous (farrowed one litter), pluriparous (two to five litters), and old sows (> 5 litters). Fecal samples were collected approximately 2 weeks before parturition (Late Gestation), 1 and 3 weeks after parturition (Postpartum One and Two), and 30 to 60 days postpartum (Postweaning). Environmental samples were collected from farrowing rooms, farrowing crates, and gestation pens before placement of sows. Results: The prevalence of Salmonella was 0.6 % in Late Gestation, 1.9% in Postpartum One, 4.3% in Postpartum Two, and 26.5% in Postweaning, and 33.3% in primiparous, 28.8% in pluriparous, and 4.6% in old sows. Salmonella was isolated from environmental samples in farrowing rooms (8%) and gestation pens (23%). Salmonella serovar Muenchen and Salmonella serovar Typhimurium were isolated both from sows and environmental samples on Farm One, while on Farm Two, Salmonella serovar Choleraesuis and Salmonella enterica serovar 4,5,12:i- were identified in fecal samples, and Salmonella serovar 4,5,12:i- and S Typhimurium var Copenhagen were recovered from environmental samples. Implications: Young sows are more likely to shed Salmonella than older animals. The postweaning period is the high-risk period for excretion of Salmonella. Environmental contamination and poor hygiene may play a role in the higher Salmonella risk in weaned sows.
Clinical efficacy of acetylsalicylic acid as an adjunct to antibacterial treatment of porcine respiratory disease complex
Authors: Vilalta Carles , Alcala Tomas , Lopez-Jimenez Rosa , Nofrarias Miquel , Lopez-Soria Gersio , Espin Sonia , Varela Teresa , Fraile Lorenzo
Published: July 2024

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) as an adjunct to antibiotic treatment of pigs with fever during an outbreak of porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). Materials and methods: The animals were divided into two groups. The experimental group received doxycycline hyclate and ASA in the drinking water for 5 consecutive days at doses of 10 mg per kg and 100 mg per kg of body weight, respectively, whereas the control group received only doxycycline hyclate (10 mg per kg). Clinical efficacy was investigated by comparing the synergistic or antagonistic effects of ASA administered with an antibiotic versus use of the antibiotic alone to reduce fever or clinical signs or both. Results: Results showed a significant decrease in fever in the group that received ASA and antibiotic versus the values observed in the group that received only antibiotic. No synergistic effect between ASA and doxycycline hyclate was observed to decrease respiratory signs. Implication: Acetylsalicylic acid is efficacious, at least to reduce fever, as an adjunct to antibacterial treatment of PRDC.
Reduction of transport-induced stress on finishing pigs by increasing lairage time at the slaughter house
Authors: Garcia-Celdran Marta , Ramis Guillermo , Quereda Juan Jose , Armero Eva
Published: July 2024

Objective: Since pre-slaughter handling such as transport and lairage has been identified as one of the most stressful periods in the pig’s life, the main aim of this project was to determine if an increase in lairage time reduces stress markers when the animal transportation period is short. The effect of gender (gilts versus barrows) was also estimated. Materials and methods: A total of 200 pigs (129 gilts and 71 barrows) were subjected to two different lairage times at the slaughterhouse, short lairage (3 hours) and long lairage (12 hours), after a short journey (15 km, 20 minutes) by road from farm to abattoir. Blood samples were collected at the beginning of the slaughter line to determine stress markers: acute phase proteins (haptoglobin, serum amyloid A, and C-reactive protein) and neutrophil to lymphocyte (N:L) ratio. In the chilling tunnel, pH was measured in the semimembranosus muscle 45 minutes post mortem. Results: Our results showed that a longer lairage time allowed the pigs to recover from transport stress, indicated by a decrease in acute phase protein levels (haptoglobin, C-reactive protein), and N:L ratio. Sensitivity to stress did not differ between gilts and barrows. Implications: Under the conditions of this study, several stress indicators increase less when market gilts and barrows transported a short distance are allowed a longer lairage time (12 versus 3 hours). These stress indicators may be useful measures in research about transport welfare.
Investigation of the use of meloxicam post farrowing for improving sow performance and reducing pain
Authors: Tenbergen R , Friendship Robert , Cassar G , Amezcua M , Haley D
Published: July 2024

Objectives: To determine the effects of meloxicam administered to sows shortly after parturition on nursing behaviour and piglet survival and growth. Materials and methods: A total of 289 sows and their litters were used. Sows within 12 hours of farrowing were randomly allocated to receive either an intramuscular injection of meloxicam (extra-label) or a placebo. Researchers were blinded to treatment. All piglets were weighed within 12 hours of birth, at castration and tail-docking (5 to 7 days of age), and prior to weaning (19 to 21 days of age). Litters were categorized as small, medium, and large. Additional measurements involving the sow, including position changes, rectal temperatures, and feed-intake scores, were performed on a smaller number of the study sows. Results: There were no significant treatment effects on piglet mortality or growth rate. However, growth rate of pigs in medium-sized litters (11 to 13 pigs) tended to be better for sows treated with meloxicam than for sows given a placebo (P = .07). Growth rate was positively correlated with weight at birth and at weaning (P < .001) and negatively correlated with sow parity and litter size at birth (P < .001). Piglet mortality was not associated with treatment, but was associated with large litter size and light birth weight (P < .001). Implications: Meloxicam given to all sows post farrowing does not result in improved piglet survival and growth. Improved performance might be noted if only sows having difficult farrowings were treated. Further studies are required to confirm.
Monitoring for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae before and after a partial depopulation program using a typing scheme based on the polyserine repeat motif of p146
Authors: Tamiozzo Pablo , Lucchesi Paula Maria Alejandra , Ambrogi Arnaldo
Published: July 2024

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae diversity was determined using a molecular typing method based on the polyserine repeat motif within the p146 gene. Three related Argentinian farms (A, B, and C) were investigated. To obtain a population free of enzootic pneumonia on Farm C, a partial depopulation program had been carried out first on Farm A and then on Farm B. Finally, Farm C was populated with early-weaned piglets from Farm B. To evaluate the success of the partial depopulation program, the farms were monitored for clinical signs and by serological testing, lung examination at slaughter, and nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR). It was concluded that they were free of enzootic pneumonia, but M hyopneumoniae remained despite the eradication measures applied. An outbreak of enzootic pneumonia in Farm C triggered an investigation of M hyopneumoniae genetic diversity in these farms. For this purpose, all DNA samples obtained from PCR-positive nasal swabs were further characterized using another nPCR designed for M hyopneumoniae typing. Several M hyopneumoniae types were identified in these farms, but one strain seemed to be present before and after the application of the partial depopulation program. Unambiguous discrimination of M hyopneumoniae would require analysis of other genomic regions.
Prevalence of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae in sows and suckling piglets
Authors: Duff Joshua , Pittman Jeremy , Hammer Mark , Kinyon Joann
Published: July 2024

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae (B hyo) in breeding animals, lactating sows, and their suckling offspring in swine dysentery- (SD-) positive herds. Materials and methods: Study 1: lactating sows and suckling piglets. Rectal swabs were collected eight times at 1- to 4-week intervals from an SD-positive breed-to-wean farm. At each sampling, rectal swabs were collected from 60 “sets” of animals (individual swabs from a sow and three suckling piglets). Piglet samples were tested as a litter. Samples were tested by Brachyspira species culture and confirmed by culture-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Study 2: breeding herds. Five SD-positive sow farms, varying in size, were selected for evaluation of breeding-herd prevalence of B hyo. Rectal swabs were collected once per farm from 150 randomly selected sows. Samples were tested by Brachyspira species culture and confirmed by culture-based PCR. Results: Study 1: lactating sows and suckling piglets. The percentage of sows on a farm that were positive for B hyo ranged from 0% to 5%, with an overall prevalence of 1.04%. The percentage of litters culture-positive and PCR-positive for B hyo ranged from 0% to 5%, with an overall prevalence of 1.88%. Study 2: breeding herds. The percentage of sows positive for B hyo ranged from 0% to 1.33%. Only three of the five farms tested positive. Implications: Sampling breeding herds and suckling-age piglets could serve as a valuable alternative to traditional surveillance schemes. Understanding the prevalence of SD on endemically infected sow farms could enhance current surveillance programs.
Estimated prevalence and impact of periweaning failure to thrive syndrome in Canada and the United States
Authors: O'Sullivan Terri , Harding John , Friendship Robert , Henry Steve , Madson Darin , Schwartz Kent
Published: July 2024

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of periweaning failure to thrive syndrome (PFTS) in Canadian and American nursery-pig flows, to estimate the percentage of PFTS-affected pigs within an affected nursery flow, and to rank the common clinical signs observed by practitioners associated with PFTS on commercial farms. Materials and methods: A questionnaire was designed, beta tested, and then made available through the American Association of Swine Veterinarians (AASV) and University of Guelph Web sites. Swine practitioners in major swine-producing regions of Canada and the United States completed the questionnaire to estimate the prevalence and impact of PFTS in nursery flows. To raise awareness and to aid in consistent recognition and reporting of the syndrome, a video was produced and accompanied the questionnaire. Oral, scientific-poster, and video presentations were also made at major swine-practitioner meetings across Canada and the United States to promote awareness of the syndrome and questionnaire. Results: Fifty-five questionnaires were completed, with respondents servicing 1974 nursery flows. The reported mean flow prevalence of PFTS was 4.3% (95% CI, 0.9%-8.0%). The within-flow prevalence was reported to be variable (1% to 20%), with cases reported in five provinces and 11 states. Implications: This report provides the first estimate of the mean flow prevalence and impact of PFTS in Canada and the United States. It is reasonable to expect this estimated prevalence to change as we continue to understand the syndrome. Video documentation, including demonstration of the clinical signs associated with PFTS, was an effective method to raise awareness of the syndrome.
A qualitative study to identify potential biosecurity risks associated with feed delivery
Authors: Dewey Cate , Bottoms K , Carter N , Richardson K
Published: July 2024

Objectives: To identify management and operational functions, recommended by feed-company personnel and swine producers, that have the potential to decrease the risk of pathogens being transmitted among swine farms through movement of feed trucks. Materials and methods: Focus groups and key-informant interviews were conducted with feed company representatives (21), including managers, dispatchers, and truck drivers, and also with swine producers (15). Questions explored biosecurity measures that would reduce risk of pathogen transmission at the farm, feed-company, and feed-truck levels. Participants were asked to rate these biosecurity management changes by economic and logistic feasibility and likelihood of reducing pathogen transmission. Results: The results provide an understanding of the roles of the farm, feed truck, and feed company in biosecurity management surrounding delivery of feed to swine farms and the need for education about how pathogens move among farms. Examples include pest control and truck washing, dispatching trucks according to farm disease status, drivers not entering the barn, reducing exposure of trucks to deadstock and manure, and educating all industry personnel. Implications: All swine industry personnel must think about their roles in pathogen transmission associated with feed delivery and consider implementing changes and developing an industry standard that could reduce this risk. Veterinarians may take the responsibility of educating others in the industry about risks identified in the scientific literature that are associated with pathogen transmission. Biosecurity is everyone’s concern: everyone has a role to play in reducing the potential risk.
Early indicators of iron deficiency in large piglets at weaning
Authors: Bhattarai Sheeva , Nielsen Jens Peter
Published: July 2024

Objective: To investigate whether large piglets at weaning have indications of iron deficiency anemia. Materials and methods: The study was carried out in five conventional high-performing farrow-finish Danish sow herds. Within each herd, litters belonging to a weekly farrowing batch close to weaning were identified, and 20 litters were randomly selected. From each litter the largest piglet (Large), a random piglet (Random), and the smallest piglet (Small) were chosen. Blood samples collected at weaning from the selected piglets were subjected to hematological analysis, including serum iron and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC). Results: A total of 296 piglets belonging to 100 litters were included in the study. The blood hemoglobin concentrations in Large, Random, and Small piglets were 119.6 ± 15.5, 121.5 ± 15.0, and 121.5 ± 13.2 g per L, respectively, which did not differ significantly. However, large piglets had significantly lower mean corpuscular hemoglobin, reticulocyte cellular volume, reticulocyte hemoglobin content, mean reticulocyte corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, serum iron, and transferrin saturation than did Random and Small piglets. In accordance with this, Large piglets had significantly higher red blood cell distribution width, reticulocyte red cell distribution width, and TIBC than did Random and Small piglets. Implications: Large piglets in a litter are at a higher risk of developing iron deficiency anemia at weaning than are smaller piglets. Alternative hematological indices might serve as better early indicators of iron deficiency rather than traditionally used hemoglobin values.
Evaluation of time and temperature sufficient to inactivate porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in swine feces on metal surfaces
Authors: Thomas Paul , Karriker Locke , Ramirez Alejandro , Zhang Jianqiang , Ellingson Josh , Crawford Kimberly , Bates Jessica , Hammen Kristin , Holtkamp Derald
Published: July 2024

Objectives: To determine temperature and time applications sufficient to inactivate porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) on a commercial livestock trailer, and practical within the constraints of current thermo-assisted drying and decontamination (TADD) capabilities in the industry. Materials and methods: Thirty-two 4-week-old barrows were inoculated via oral gastric tube with 5 mL of either PEDV-negative feces (Neg; n = 4), untreated PEDV-positive feces (Pos; n = 4), or PEDV-positive feces subjected to 71°C for 10 minutes (71C-10M; n = 4), 63°C for 10 minutes (63C-10M; n = 4), 54°C for 10 minutes (54C-10M; n = 4), 38°C for 12 hours (38C-12H; n = 4), 20°C for 24 hours (20C-24H; n = 4), or 20°C for 7 days (20C-7D; n = 4). These pigs served as a bioassay to determine the infectivity of virus following treatment. Bioassay results were determined by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction on rectal swabs collected from the inoculated pigs on days 3 and 7 post inoculation. Results: None of the pigs in the 71C-10M and 20C-7D groups became infected with PEDV. This result differed significantly from that of the Pos group (P < .05). Results of the other groups did not differ significantly from that of the Pos group (P > .05). Implication: Holding PEDV in the presence of feces at 71°C for 10 minutes or at 20°C (room temperature) for 7 days is sufficient to inactivate the virus, preventing transmission under the conditions of this study.
Interacciones en la educación digital a través del modelo de comunidad de indagación: estudio de caso en estudiantes de posgrado de Ecuador
Authors: Balladares-Burgos Jorge , Pérez-Jorge David , Ariño-Mateo Eva
Published: July 2024

La pandemia aceleró la integración de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación -TIC para garantizar la continuidad de los procesos educativos a través de ecosistemas y entornos virtuales de aprendizaje ante la ausencia de una presencialidad en el aula de clase. En la post-pandemia las TIC se han convertido en aliadas del proceso educativo. Además de su integración, se considera que es importante realizar estudios sobre las interacciones entre los actores de la comunidad educativa en entornos digitales. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo el analizar las interacciones entre los diferentes actores del proceso educativo mediado con la tecnología. Como metodología de la investigación se realiza un estudio de caso en que se analizan las interacciones educativas en estudiantes de programas de posgrado de Educación, Pedagogía y Formación del Profesorado en el Ecuador y sus implicaciones a través de las tres presencias del modelo de Comunidad de Indagación (Comunidad de Indagación): la presencia cognitiva, la presencia social y la presencia de la enseñanza. Entre los resultados se evidencia que el desarrollo de una educación mediada con la tecnología requiere de interacciones dinámicas entre los diferentes agentes educativos mediadas por las TIC y los entornos virtuales. Se concluye sobre la necesidad de proponer comunidades virtuales de aprendizaje que fomenten las interacciones educativas de las presencias cognitiva, social y de la enseñanza que garanticen una experiencia educativa entre sus actores.
"Snow days are the best days." Exploring Teachers' and Administrators’ Perceptions of Weather-Related School Disruptions
Authors: Button Brenton , Ouellette Carson , Martin Gina
Published: July 2024

Extreme weather events are becoming increasingly common and have the potential to impact the school day. This study aimed to explore teachers’ and administrators’ perspectives on weather-related school closures. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten key informants and analyzed using content analysis. Informants took a strengths-based approach and discussed the benefits of weather-related disruptions for student mental health and planning time. However, informants did mention that if these days continued to rise, it might be a cause for concern. School boards need to begin monitoring the impact of weather events.
Les phénomènes météorologiques extrêmes sont de plus en plus fréquents et peuvent avoir une incidence sur la journée scolaire. Cette étude visait à explorer les perspectives des enseignants et des administrateurs sur les fermetures d'écoles liées aux conditions météorologiques. Des entrevues semi-structurées ont été menées avec dix informateurs clés et analysés à l'aide d'une analyse de contenu. Les informateurs ont adopté une approche fondée sur les points forts et ont discuté des avantages des perturbations liées aux conditions météorologiques pour la santé mentale des élèves et le temps de planification. Cependant, les informateurs ont mentionné que si ces jours continuaient à augmenter, cela pourrait être une source d'inquiétude. Les conseils scolaires doivent commencer à surveiller l'incidence des événements météorologiques.
الوصايا التربوية في كتاب النصيحة الولدية لأبي الوليد الباجي وتطبيقاتها في الأسرة
Authors: الحضيف فهد صالح , الربيش بيان رشيد
Published: July 2024

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على الوصايا التربوية: الدينية والاجتماعية والعلمية، في كتاب النصيحة الولدية لأبي الوليد الباجي، واستنباط التطبيقات التربوية منها في الأسرة، واستخدمت الدراسة المنهجين الوثائقي والاستنباطي، وكانت أبرز النتائج: أن الوصايا التربوية في الجانب الديني هي: التصديق بأركان الإيمان، ومحبته ﷺ وطاعته، وحب الصحابة، وأداء أركان الإسلام، ومراقبة الله في السر والعلن، وشكر نعمه والتوكل عليه، والاستعانة بالدعاء، وعدم سماع الغناء، والاعتدال في طلب الدنيا، والجهاد في سبيل الله؛ وأما الوصايا التربوية الاجتماعية فهي: أدب التعامل مع الإخوة، وصلة أصدقاء الأب، وأدب التعامل مع الأصدقاء، وأدب التعامل مع الآخرين؛ والوصايا التربوية العلمية هي: توقير العلماء، والاقتداء بهم، والتأكيد على أهمية العلم وحفظ القرآن الكريم والعمل به، وتعلم السنة والتمسك بها، ومنهجية طلب العلم الشرعي، والحذر عند قراءة كتب المنطق والفلسفة، والتوجيه للعلوم النافعة؛ كما توصلت الدراسة إلى التطبيقات التربوية لتلك الجوانب في الأسرة؛ وأوصت بتفعيلها؛ وقدمت عدد من المقترحات.
رسالة أطباقُ الكرامةِ لمن أحبَّ لنفسهِ عن الوقيعةِ في الصحابةِ السَّلامة تأليف الشيخ أحمد بن محمد المدني بن يونس بن أحمد الدَّجَاني المشهور بـــ"القشاشي" (991 –1071ه) تحقيقا ودراسة
Authors: العسيري دولة بنت محمد بن مانع
Published: July 2024

تعتبر مسألة الموقف من الصحابة من أهم مسائل الخلاف بين أهل السنة ومخالفيهم من أهل الفرق الإسلامية الأخرى، والشيخ أحمد القشاشي في رسالته (أطباق الكرامة) هذه أظهر معتقد أهل السنة والجماعة في الصحابة وأورد النصوص القرآنية والنبوية الكثيرة في الثناء عليهم ومدحهم والترضي عنهم وما ورد في مناقبهم على جهة العموم، ثم أفرد النصوص النقلية الواردة في فضل ومناقب الخلفاء الأربعة والإيمان بإمامتهم وخلافتهم الراشدة وحشد الأدلة على فضائلهم معتمداً على الدليل النقلي والدليل العقلي ومستنداً على جملة من آراء أئمة التفسير والحديث، وأورد النصوص النبوية إلا أنه لم يتحرّ الصحيح منها فأورد فيها بعضاً من الأحاديث الضعيفة والموضوعة وعذره في ذلك أنها تصح للشواهد والمتابعات وليست هي أصل في الباب. وتميز منهجه في عرض مشكلة البحث بأسلوب وعظي متبعاً منهج الاستقراء والتحليل والاستنباط للأحكام المستفادة منها، كما أنه استغل النصوص الواردة في فضل الصحابة في الكتاب والسنة في الرد على فرقة القدرية الذين يقولون إن الأمر أنف وأنه يمكن أن يطرأ تغيير في حقيقة وواقعية تلك النصوص القرآنية والنبوية الواردة في فضل الصحابة ومدى مطابقتها لحالهم. وردّ على تلك الشبهة وأن ما قدّره الله وكتبه عنده في علم الغيب لا يتغيّر ومن ذلك حال الصحابة الكرام وأنهم بقوا خيار الأمة ولهم فضل الصحبة والمرافقة للنبي  كما سبق بذلك قدر الله في علم الغيب عنده ولذلك أثنى عليهم الله في القرآن الكريم ولم يبدلوا ولم يرتدوا وهذا فيه رد وإن كان بإيجاز على الرافضة والسبّابة الذي ابتلوا بتكفير الصحابة والطعن في دينهم وسبِّهم.
جهود اللجنة الدائمة في بيان وجوب طاعة النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ولزوم سنته والمحافظة عليها
Authors: الشيبي مايسة بنت إبراهيم , المحمادي سلوى محمد
Published: July 2024

الملخص
هدف البحث التعرف على جهود اللجنة الدائمة في بيان وجوب طاعة النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ولزوم سنته والمحافظة عليها، واستخدم في البحث المنهج الوصفي الاستقرائي، وجاء مشتملاُ على مقدمة ومباحث وعدة مطالب وخاتمة، كما يلي: المبحث الأول: تعريفات مفردات العنوان، وفيه مطلبان: المطلب الأول: تعريف الجهود لغةً واصطلاحًا، والمطلب الثاني: تعريف (النبي) لغة واصطلاحًا، أما المبحث الثاني: جهود اللجنة الدائمة في بيان الحقوق المتعلقة بوجوب طاعة النبي  واتباع سنته، وفيه مطلبان: المطلب الأول: جهود اللجنة الدائمة في بيان وجوب طاعته  ولزوم سنته والمحافظة عليها، والمطلب الثاني: جهود اللجنة الدائمة في بيان معنى السنة وأقسامها، المبحث الثالث: جهود اللجنة الدائمة في بيان الأدلة على وجوب طاعته  ولزوم سنته، المطلب الأول: جهود اللجنة الدائمة في بيان شروط تحقق متابعة النبي  في العبادة، والمطلب الثاني: جهود اللجنة الدائمة في بيان موقف السلف من اتباع سنته، ثم خاتمة فيها أبرز النتائج والتوصيات.
STUDY OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TAFSIR FI< Z{ILA<L AL-QUR'A<N BY SAYYID QUT{B AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE TO THE VALUES OF MAQA<S{ID AL-QUR'A<N
Authors: Wildah Nurul Islami  , Masruhan  , Muhammad Naufal Hakim
Published: July 2024

Tafsir fi> Z{ila>l al-Qur’a>n karya Sayyid Qutb merepresentasikan kondisi sosial dan politik di Mesir yang bergejolak. Dengan berbekal pada keilmuan yang dimilikinya, Qutb telah menghasilkan karya tafsir yang memiliki karakteristik berbeda dengan sebelumnya. Seringkali kritik dari pakar ulama tafsir ditujukan padanya atas paradigma berpikir yang dianggap ekstrim termasuk dalam penafsiran ayat Al-Qur’an. Dalam tulisan ini, penulis akan fokus menganalisis karakteristik tafsir fi> Z{ila>l al-Qur’a>n dan signifikasinya terhadap nilai-nilai maqa>s}id al-qur’a>n. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan library research. Untuk mendapatkan data-data hasil penelitian, maka digunakan dokumentasi sebagi metode pengumpulan data dan content analysis sebagai metode analisis data. Hasil penelitian ini mencakup dua hal. Pertama, karakteristik dalam tafsir ini bisa dilihat dari paradigma tafsir Qutb sebagai basis penafsirannya, yaitu adanya transformasi pandangan terhadap Al-Qur’an; dari tujuan sastrawi ke purifikasi dan gagasan hermeneutis berbasis paradigma teokratik. Kedua, terdapat signifikansi penafsiran ayat terhadap nilai-nilai maqa>s}id al-qur’an yaitu nilai keadilan, tanggung jawab dalam ketauhidan, kemanusiaan (kejujuran, kesabaran, kesopanan tingkah laku, jalinan kasih sayang, rendah hati atau tidak sombong, persatuan dan kesatuan), persamaan kedudukan manusia dan pendidikan akhlak.
NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN AKHLAK DALAM ANIMASI RIKO THE SERIES MUSIM 3 DAN IMPELEMENTASINYA TERHADAP PENGUATAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Khairul Khairul Ikhwan , Ilzamudin Ma’mur  , Anita  , Wasehudin  , Fandy Adpen Lazzavietamsi
Published: July 2024

Dengan hadirnya internet dan aplikasi youtube dapat menjadi efek positif sekaligus efek negatif bagi anak. Efek positifnya ialah menjadikan anak melek teknologi sejak dini, menambah kosa kata pada anak, dan membuat belajar lebih menyenangkan. Namun ada juga efek negatif dari adanya tontonan diaplikasi youtube tersebut, diantaranya yaitu: menimbulkan perilaku agresif karena menonton konten-konten yang mengandung kekerasan seperti berkelahi, melakukan aktifitas yang berbahaya, dan pornografi. Data penelitian ini terdiri dari data primer yang diperoleh dari serial animasi Riko The Series musim 3 Episode 1-13, lima informan peserta didik SDN Semanan 04 Pagi Jakarta yang berinisial SEF, AL, AR, KA, dan NY serta data sekunder yang bersumber dari buku-buku pustaka, jurnal, dan website internet yang berkaitan dengan tema penelitian penulis. Pendidikan akhlak yang terdapat dalam serial ini meliputi akhlak terhadap Allah, Rasulullah, diri sendiri, dan sesama manusia, serta akhlak bernegara. Lima nilai utama karakter yang ditonjolkan, yaitu religius, nasionalis, mandiri, gotong royong, dan integritas, saling terkait dan tidak dapat dipisahkan. Riko dan keluarganya menunjukkan sikap-sikap seperti berdzikir, mengucapkan "Bismillah", peduli terhadap sesama, mandiri dalam belajar, serta berkomitmen pada kejujuran dan tanggung jawab. Sikap-sikap ini memberikan dampak positif yang signifikan dalam membentuk perilaku sehari-hari para penonton, menginspirasi mereka untuk lebih peduli, mandiri, dan memiliki integritas tinggi dalam menjalani kehidupan
IMPLEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN HOLISTIK DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI SMP
Authors: Lalu Diraja Hidayatullah  , Fathurrahman Muhtar  , Adi Fadli
Published: July 2024

Islamic Religious Education at the secondary level is an integral part of the process of character-building and student spirituality. This study aims to identify the form of implementation of Holistic Education for SMPN 1 Batukilang students and the challenges it faces. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that; (1) there are methods that have been applied in the implementation of holistic education, namely, providing examples, habituation, motivation, giving gifts, and the use of punishment, (2) there are several challenges in the implementation of holistic education, namely, association outside the school environment, the influence of social media, and the non-compliance of all students in implementing school rules. The findings have important value in improving Islamic religious education that is more holistic, positively impacts students' character development, and provides inspiration and guidance for other schools in their efforts to improve their religious education.
Keywords: Implementation of Education, Holistic Education, Islamic Education Learning.