bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Career Selection and Use of Accommodations by Students with Disabilities in Rehabilitation Education Programs
Authors: Glover-Graf Noreen M. , Janikowski Timothy P.
Published: December 2007

The Rehabilitation Counselor Disability (RCD) Survey was administered to 186 rehabilitation students throughout the United States. Data were gathered related to disability (prevalence and type), program awareness of disability, influence of disability upon career choice, levels of functional limitation, and use of accommodations. Sixteen percent (n = 30) of rehabilitation students surveyed reported disabilities. Most indicated moderate functional limitations, and about half required accommodations. A large majority of students having a disability intend to work with persons with the same disability. Implications for rehabilitation educators are discussed in terms of personal and professional student needs.
Revisiting Some Well-Worn Truths
Authors: Nemec Patricia B.
Published: December 2007

Through personal experience, the author reestablishes the value of some principles that are basic to the practice of rehabilitation counseling. The challenges they pose for both rehabilitation consumers and providers are exemplified, and ways of truly embracing them are recommended.
Workplace Experiences of Individuals Who Are HIV+ and Individuals with Cancer
Authors: Fesko Shelia Lynch
Published: December 2007

Maintaining one's role in the workplace despite significant health concerns can be important in meeting an individual's emotional and economic needs. This qualitative research study reviewed the workplace experiences of 18 individuals who are HIV+ and 14 people who have cancer. Questions in the study addressed the following issues: the impact of the illness on their work life; whether they disclosed their health status and, if so, the reactions of co-workers and supervisors; and what accommodations, if any, they received. Recommendations for individuals with significant health concerns, employers, and rehabilitation counselors are discussed.
Job Discrimination in the Post-ADA Era
Authors: Kennedy Jae , Olney Marjorie
Published: December 2007

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 was intended to facilitate employment, job retention, and workplace promotion of individuals with disabilities by protecting them from job discrimination. However, ongoing questions have been raised about the efficacy of the legislation. This study uses population data from the Disability Supplement to the 1994 and 1995 National Health Interview Surveys to assess rates of work discrimination among adults with disabilities ages 18 and older. The analysis suggests that nearly a 10th of all adults with disabilities who were in the workforce during the 5-year period immediately following passage of the ADA experienced some form of job discrimination. People who reported job discrimination were more likely to be younger and poorer and to have more severe disabilities than those who did not report any discrimination. About a third of the respondents who experienced discrimination left the workforce permanently. The implications of these findings for rehabilitation practice are discussed.
Determinants of Employment Status Among People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Roessler Richard T. , Fitzgerald Shawn M. , Rumrill Phillip D. , Koch Lynn C.
Published: December 2007

This study identified factors predicting employment or lack thereof among adults with multiple sclerosis (MS). Data for the analysis were provided by 139 individuals with MS who were considered available for the workforce (i.e., were no older than 62 and did not declare themselves retired). Results from a backward, stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis included the following variables as the best predictors of employment: symptom persistence, severity of symptoms, educational attainment, and presence of cognitive limitations. The relevance of the findings for rehabilitation assessment and intervention strategies is discussed.
The Use of Professional Disclosure in Rehabilitation Counseling
Authors: Shaw Linda R. , Tarvydas Vilia M.
Published: December 2007

The importance of adequate professional disclosure has recently received increased attention in the counseling and psychology literature. Despite this trend, the rehabilitation counseling professional literature contains little information about the prevalence and manner in which this practice is used within rehabilitation counseling. This article reviews the relevant literature and discusses its implications for rehabilitation counselors. The authors discuss the use and content of disclosure forms and practices, including the degree to which mental health professionals actually use such forms and reasons for nonuse. Clinical and research needs regarding professional disclosure within rehabilitation counseling are also discussed.
Influence of Social Context on Reported Attitudes of Nondisabled Students Toward Students with Disabilities
Authors: Meyer Linda , Gouvier Wm Drew , Duke Marcus , Advokat Claire
Published: December 2007

The Attitudes Toward Disabled Persons scale was completed by groups of university students with a disability and their nondisabled peers in the presence of either another student with a disability or a nondisabled student. Results showed that the presence of a person with disabilities improved the reported attitudes of individuals without disabilities.
End-Stage
Authors: Neng Moua Mai
Published: December 2007

Through her reflections on dealing with dialysis for end-stage renal disease and awaiting a kidney transplant, the author presents interesting insights into how her experience was shaped by the physical, emotional, and multicultural forces she faced. Among the issues that the author discusses are her ambivalent feelings regarding the desire to demonstrate independence versus the desire to have support from a strong family unit and between pursuing a regular lifestyle and receiving social validation of the daily difficulties posed by the complications of her chronic illness.
Development of an Instrument to Measure Cultural Attitudes and Behaviors Affecting Vocational Rehabilitation
Authors: Thompson Virginia C. , Berven Norman L.
Published: December 2007

The Individualism-Collectivism Vocational Attitudes Questionnaire (ICVAQ) was developed to assess cultural attitudes and behaviors that may be important in the provision of vocational rehabilitation services to people with disabilities from diverse cultural backgrounds. The theoretical basis for the instrument was a four-factor model specifying horizontal and vertical (H/V) manifestations of individualism and collectivism (I/C). The instrument was completed by samples of college students in the United States and Guatemala, along with two other instruments measuring I/C. Factor analysis resulted in the identification of four factors that corresponded to the four I/C-H/V types, which were defined as instrument subscales, and coefficient alpha reliability estimates ranged from the .50s to .70s for the four subscales. Validity was examined through analysis of differences in ICVAQ scores according to U.S. culture versus Guatemalan culture and socioeconomic status and through correlations with two other more established measures of I/C. Results were mixed but provided some support for the reliability and validity of the ICVAQ.
Developmental Work Personality Scale
Authors: Strauser David R. , Keim Jeanmarie
Published: December 2007

The research reported in this article involved using the Developmental Model of Work Personality to create a scale to measure work personality. The Developmental Work Personality Scale (DWPS) consists of 26 items that measure the structural components of the model. Results from statistical analysis suggested that the DWPS measures the overall construct of work personality, that it has good internal consistency (α = .91), and that the overall construct validity of the scale was supported by three of the five WPP-SR factors, creating a unique relationship with the overall score on the DWPS. Overall, results indicated that the DWPS may have potential applications for assessing work personality prior to client involvement in comprehensive return-to-work rehabilitation programs.
Predicting VR Acceptance Based on Race, Gender, Education, Work Status at Application, and Primary Source of Support at Application
Authors: Wilson Keith B. , Alston Reginald J. , Harley Debra A. , Mitchell Natasha A.
Published: December 2007

The relationship between vocational rehabilitation (VR) acceptance and race, gender, education, work status at application, and primary source of support at application was examined using a binary logistic regression. Based on the use of a stepwise entry method. race, primary source of support at application, and education were found to be statistically significant. Moreover, after all variables were entered into the binary logistic regression equation, the total amount of variance explained in the dependent variable by the independent variables was 5.3%. Compared to European Americans. African Americans were 2.12 times more likely to be accepted for VR services, when controlling for all other variables in the study. Compared to customers who reported only their own income at application, individuals who reported income from family and friends and other sources were negatively associated with VR acceptance, after controlling for all other variables in the study. Implications for VR counselors are discussed.
Inequities in the VR System
Authors: Capella Michele E.
Published: December 2007

This investigation determined whether differences still exist for racial minorities and women in terms of acceptance rates, employment outcomes, and quality of successful closures in the state-federal vocational rehabilitation system. Three control variables— age, education level, and severity of disability—were used in a logistic regression model. Differences in odds (based on odds ratio estimates) were found for the following: (a) acceptance rates—favored European Americans over African Americans, (b) employment outcomes—favored European Americans over both African Americans and Native Americans, and (c) quality of closures—favored men over women, with age acting as an effect modifier.
Ancestry and Severity of Disability
Authors: Wheaton Joe E. , Hertzfeld Jennifer
Published: December 2007

The effects of ancestry and severity of disability of vocational rehabilitation consumers (as measured by cost, time in rehabilitation, number of services received, receipt of assistive technology, and disability severity [the Rehabilitation Services Administration definition]) were examined by applying a logistic regression to the RSA-911 national database from 1998. The best model was identified and interpreted. European Americans, individuals with higher costs, and persons who received assistive technology were more likely to be closed rehabilitated. Individuals from other ancestry groups, who were coded severely disabled, or who had been in the system for longer periods of time were less likely to be closed rehabilitated. Model limitations and suggestions for future research are presented.
Exploration of VR Acceptance and Ethnicity
Authors: Wilson Keith B.
Published: December 2007

The reported study examined whether African Americans, European Americans, Native Americans/Alaskan Natives, and Asians/Pacific Islanders with disabilities would differ in their rates of vocational rehabilitation (VR) acceptance in the United Sates. The test statistic revealed that a significant difference existed regarding ethnicity and VR acceptance. Moreover, a small but significant association emerged between ethnicity and VR acceptance (Cramer's V = .023). The results revealed that in the United States, European Americans are more likely to be accepted for VR services than are African Americans. The author discusses possible barriers to VR acceptance for underserved and underrepresented groups in the United States.
Racial Disparities in VR Use and Job Placement Rates for Adults with Disabilities
Authors: Olney Marjorie F. , Kennedy Jae
Published: December 2007

Racial and ethnic disparities in access to vocational rehabilitation (VR) services and the efficacy of those services are a perennial concern of rehabilitation practitioners. This study used data from the Disability Supplement to the 1994 and 1995 National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS) to assess VR services utilization and employment outcomes among different racial and ethnic groups of working-age adults with disabilities. Racial disparities in the socioeconomic status of VR recipients were identified. Minorities received different types of VR services than did European Americans. European American VR recipients had the highest rates of competitive employment, whereas African American VR recipients were placed in noncompetitive employment more often than other racial groups. Policy and programming implications for VR professionals are discussed.
Improving Job Tenure Outcomes for People with Disabilities
Authors: Roessler Richard T.
Published: December 2007

The need for job retention services in rehabilitation is clearly indicated in statistics on unemployment and job loss rates for people with disabilities. In this article, information is provided on a three-part job retention model (the 3M model) containing the constructs of match, maturity, and mastery. The thesis of the article is that individuals with disabilities are more likely to retain employment when rehabilitation counselors provide retention services compatible with the 3Ms. Counselors can help people with disabilities (a) establish the prerequisite job—person match, (b) meet career maturity challenges, and (c) demonstrate mastery of novel workplace problems.
Clinical Supervision in Public Rehabilitation Counseling Settings
Authors: Schultz Jared C. , Ososkie Joseph N. , Fried Juliet H. , Nelson Raymond E. , Bardos Achilles N.
Published: December 2007

The present study examined clinical supervision in posteducational rehabilitation counseling settings. The purpose of the study was twofold: to assess the current practice of clinical supervision in the public sector and to empirically validate a model of supervision within the context of a posteducational setting. Current clinical supervisory models and practices, as well as factors that affected the quality of the supervisory working alliance, are discussed.
The Relationship Between Counselor Satisfaction and Extrinsic Job Factors in State Rehabilitation Agencies
Authors: Andrew Jason D. , Faubion Clayton W. , Palmer Charles D.
Published: December 2007

In a national study, researchers collected survey data from 315 state rehabilitation agency counselors in 16 states to examine job satisfaction and extrinsic job factors. This report provides statistical analyses and extensive descriptive data characteristics. For example, only 46% of the sample reported having a master's degree (or higher) in some form of counseling, and only 25% reported possessing the certified rehabilitation counselor credential. Rehabilitation counselors reported a high degree of job satisfaction. Counselor job satisfaction correlated significantly with six extrinsic job factors, and gender differences concerning satisfaction with these extrinsic factors were found. Recommendations for state agency surveys are provided.
The Relationships Among the Stress Appraisal Process, Coping Disposition, and Level of Acceptance of Disability
Authors: Groomes Darlene A. G. , Leahy Michael J.
Published: December 2007

The transactional theory of stress and coping (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984b) has served as a useful lens for examining the interaction between a person and his or her varying responses to situational demands. Despite this theory's helpful framework for understanding the coping dispositions that follow primary appraisals in the general population, evidence for people with disabilities requires attention. This study examined the relationships among the stress appraisal process, coping disposition, and level of acceptance of disability. One hundred fifty-one people with disabilities were randomly selected and asked to complete four survey questionnaires. Principal components analysis on data collected from the newly developed Stress Appraisal Inventory for Life Situations instrument resulted in five components that became the basis for the stress appraisal process identified in this study. The findings of this study indicate that certain subjective meanings that people with disabilities attribute to stressful situations are related to particular ways of coping and levels of acceptance of disability. Implications for education, practice, and research are provided.
An Assessment of the Training Needs of State Vocational Rehabilitation Counselors
Authors: Froehlich Robert J. , Linkowski Donald C.
Published: December 2007

The primary purpose of this study was to identify the training needs of state vocational rehabilitation counselors. One hundred and sixty-seven vocational rehabilitation counselors completed the Rehabilitation Counseling Knowledge Inventory (Linkowski et al., 1993). The self-reported need for training across 10 components of rehabilitation counseling is described. A secondary purpose was to compare the self-perceived training needs of a sample of state vocational rehabilitation counselors with the self-perceived training needs of certified rehabilitation counselors (CRCs; Szymanski, Linkowski, Leahy, Diamond, & Thoreson, 1993a). The current sample reported significantly higher ratings of the need for training in foundations of rehabilitation, individual counseling and development, and assessment, whereas the CRC sample reported higher needs for training in the area of workers' compensation, employer services, and technology. A third purpose was to evaluate the relationship between counselor demographic variables and training needs. The highest earned degree was a significant predictor of perceived training need in the areas of group and family issues, foundations of rehabilitation, research, and individual counseling and development.
My Journey to Reconcile Religious Beliefs with Reality
Authors: Mitchell Marshall
Published: December 2007

This article describes the tensions that I have wrestled with between my fundamentalist Christian socialization and my lived experience since acquiring a spinal cord injury. First, being a model disciple and an evangelist of my community's religious beliefs did not exempt me from being placed in an aberrant status. Second, being immersed in conservative religious beliefs did not equip me to deal effectively with the reality of my disability. In fact, it made the process more difficult. Third, the journey to reconcile my religious beliefs with my reality has been a more frustrating, painful, lifelong process than the physical difficulties caused by my impairments.
Job Functions and Knowledge Requirements of Certified Rehabilitation Counselors in the 21st Century
Authors: Leahy Michael J. , Fong Chan  , Saunders Jodi L.
Published: December 2007

The practice of rehabilitation counselors has been affected by significant changes in rehabilitation counseling practice settings and service delivery systems, evolving federal legislative mandates, and the licensure movement in the field of counseling. The purpose of this study was to identify and examine the major knowledge domains and job functions required for rehabilitation counseling practice in today's rapidly changing practice environment. Results revealed seven job functions (vocational counseling and consultation, counseling intervention, community-based rehabilitation service activities, case management, applied research, assessment, and professional advocacy) and six knowledge domains (career counseling, assessment, and consultation; counseling theories, techniques, and applications; rehabilitation services and resources; case and case-load management; health care and disability systems; and medical, functional, and environmental implications of disability). Participants' ratings of the importance of job functions and knowledge domains and implications for practice are also discussed.
Training Needs of Certified Rehabilitation Counselors for Contemporary Practice
Authors: Chan Fong , Leahy Michael J. , Saunders Jodi L. , Tarvydas Vilia M. , Ferrin James M. , Lee Gloria
Published: December 2007

In order to meet the demands of today's rehabilitation counseling practice environments effectively, rehabilitation counselors must be well prepared in traditional, as well as emerging, knowledge areas. The purpose of this study was to determine the training needs of certified rehabilitation counselors practicing in a variety of settings by identifying knowledge areas perceived by counselors as important for which they also reported limited preparation levels. Results of the analysis revealed 23 knowledge areas in which a critical training need was identified across all settings. Training needs for each of the three primary practice settings (public, proprietary, and nonprofit) are also provided. Implications for practice, preservice preparation, and professional development are discussed.
A Multidimensional Approach to the Structure of Consumer Satisfaction with Vocational Rehabilitation Services
Authors: Kosciulek John F.
Published: December 2007

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the dimensions underlying consumer satisfaction with vocational rehabilitation services. Participants were 223 consumers who received services from a state rehabilitation agency in a midwestern state. Data were gathered via mail survey through participant completion of a self-report questionnaire. A two-dimensional configuration of 14 consumer satisfaction stimuli yielded the following dimensions: (a) satisfaction related to case management versus employment and (b) satisfaction related to consumer choice versus customer service. Findings suggest that consumers view satisfaction as a multidimensional construct. Implications for the measurement of consumer satisfaction and use of consumer satisfaction data in vocational rehabilitation program evaluations are discussed.
Predictors of Vocational Rehabilitation Return-to-Work Outcomes in Workers' Compensation
Authors: Blackwell Terry L. , Leierer Stephen J. , Haupt Stephanie , Kampitsis Angeliki
Published: December 2007

The postinjury return-to-work (RTW) status of 502 injured workers in Montana who were referred for vocational rehabilitation services between 1984 and 1991 was examined to determine which variables improved the capacity to predict RTW outcomes after injury. Predictor variables included age, education, attorney involvement, mandated vocational rehabilitation, and time from injury to referral. The number of years of preinjury education was found to be a strong predictor of postinjury RTW outcomes. Age, attorney involvement, mandated vocational rehabilitation, and timely provision of services were also found to be significant predictors.
Effects of Client Race on Clinical Judgment of African American Undergraduate Students in Rehabilitation
Authors: Rahimi Maryam , Rosenthal David A. , Fong Chan
Published: December 2007

Two randomly assigned groups of African American undergraduate students in rehabilitation services were asked to review case materials of a client who was portrayed as African American to one group and as European American to the other. Participants rated the client in terms of their clinical impressions and estimates of future potential. In Rosenthal and Berven's (1999) similar study, European American students rated the European American client as having higher educational and employment potential than the African American client. In our study, African American students rated the African American client as having higher educational potential than the European American client. In addition, across all four of the other independent measures (general evaluation, psychopathology—conduct, psychopathology—substance abuse, and vocational potential), African American participants demonstrated no bias against the African American client or the European American client. The differential findings of these two studies and their implications for education and future research are discussed.
Counselors' Multicultural Competencies and Vocational Rehabilitation Outcomes in the Context of Counselor—Client Racial Similarity and Difference
Authors: Bellini James
Published: December 2007

This investigation explored the relationship between rehabilitation counselors' multicultural competency and vocational rehabilitation (VR) outcomes in the context of counselor—client racial similarity and difference for individuals with disabilities who were served in a large northeastern state VR agency. The results demonstrated significant main effects as well as complex interaction effects among client race, counselor race, and counselor multicultural competency in relation to rehabilitation rate and vocational training rate. Thus, clients from different racial groups experienced different outcomes in the VR process in this agency as a function of the counselors' race and multicultural competency. The current findings are discussed in relation to previous studies of VR service equity for persons with disabilities from underrepresented groups, and recommendations for future research are provided.
Psychosocial Issues of Women with Physical Disabilities
Authors: Nosek Margaret A. , Hughes Rosemary B.
Published: December 2007

Rehabilitation and disability related research has only recently begun to examine the complex interaction of gender and disability. Women with disabilities experience the double impact of being female and disabled. As women, they have greater risks of psychosocial health problems than do men. As persons with disabilities, they may be even more vulnerable to these gender disparities; for example, compared to women in general, women with disabilities report higher rates of depression and stress. This article describes a new and promising body of research. We offer evidence that corrects any misunderstandings held by rehabilitation specialists that the psychosocial experiences of women with disabilities can be explained by research conducted on men with disabilities or women in general. Clinically and empirically based gender-driven recommendations are offered for research and practice.
Catastrophe, Chaos, and Complexity Models and Psychosocial Adjustment to Disability
Authors: Parker Randall M. , Schaller James , Hansmann Sandra
Published: December 2007

Rehabilitation professionals may unknowingly rely on stereotypes and specious beliefs when dealing with people with disabilities. One such belief is that an individual's adjustment to disability proceeds through well-defined stages or phases. Literally hundreds of publications based primarily on clinical observations promote various stage or phase theories of psychosocial adjustment to chronic illness and disability despite contradictory empirical findings. Developments in mathematics, physics, biology, economics, and psychology over the last four decades, however, have led to the formulation of theories that suggest new models of the adjustment process. Specifically, we believe Catastrophe, Chaos, and Complexity Theories hold considerable promise in this regard, and yet these theories have received relatively little attention in the rehabilitation research literature. The purpose of this article is to review these theories and suggest applications in adjustment to chronic illness and disability.
Quality Employment Outcomes
Authors: Lustig Daniel C. , Strauser David R. , Donnell Chandra
Published: December 2007

A key aspect of quality employment outcomes for individuals with disabilities is receiving benefits similar to those expected by all employees. Access to employee benefits is often a barrier to finding a job for individuals with disabilities. This study compared access to health insurance, paid vacation, paid sick leave, and retirement of full-time employed individuals with disabilities to access of workers in the general population. Results indicated that workers with disabilities had access at a lower rate than workers in the general population. Implications for rehabilitation counselors are discussed.
Measuring Readiness to Change Among Individuals in Residential Therapeutic Community Programs for Treatment of Substance Abuse
Authors: Da Silva Cardoso Elizabeth , Fong Chan  , Berven Norman L. , Thomas Kenneth R.
Published: December 2007

The Stages of Change Scale—Substance Abuse (SCS-SA) was developed to measure readiness to change among individuals in treatment for substance abuse and was field tested with 457 participants in 7 therapeutic community programs in 4 different states. Factor analysis on SCS-SA items defined 4 subscales: Precontemplation, Determination, Participation, and Relapse. Using cluster analysis, 4 clusters of participants were identified, based on their profiles of SCS-SA subscale scores: (a) Indifferent, (b) Active Participation—Realistic, (c) Active Participation—Optimistic, and (d) Conforming. Finally, a discriminant analysis indicated significant differentiation among the clusters on the basis of sense of coherence scores. With continuing research to document reliability and validity, the SCS-SA appears to have potential in facilitating treatment planning and research to better understand readiness to change.
Counselor Preferences of Clients Entering a Counselor-Training Clinic
Authors: Strohmer Douglas C. , Leierer Stephen J. , Hotard Jacqueline M. , Stuckey Rebecca I.
Published: December 2007

This research examined the expressed counselor preferences of individuals entering a community-based counselor-training clinic. Previous research examining the counselor preferences of individuals with and without disabilities has not used individuals who were actually entering counseling. Clients being screened for entry into a counselor-training clinic were asked whether they had a preference regarding counselor age, disability status, education, gender, and race. Of these characteristics, only for gender did even a moderate number of clients (30%) express a preference. The disability status of a counselor was a factor in client preferences for only 9.5% of all clients and only 15.4% of clients with disabilities. Research, education, and practice implications are discussed.
Living with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes
Authors: Martz Erin
Published: December 2007

Diabetes is a chronic illness that can wreak havoc on many systems of the body. It may create secondary disabling conditions as well as acute, short-term problems. Despite this, having diabetes does not have to be viewed as the antithesis of a full and happy life. After describing the biological aspects of diabetes, this article details multiple aspects of living with diabetes and some of its implications that the author has experienced.
Do Reactions of Adaptation to Disability Influence the Fluctuation of Future Time Orientation Among Individuals with Spinal Cord Injuries?
Authors: Martz Erin
Published: December 2007

Rehabilitation counseling involves the construction of vocational goals, which involves future-oriented thinking. Yet, research indicates that time orientations may change after the experience of a trauma. Due to the potential importance of a future time orientation (FTO) in rehabilitation counseling, predictors of an FTO were examined among 317 veterans and civilians with spinal cord injuries using spinal cord injury clinics. Results indicated that after controlling for the demographic and disability-related variables, reactions of adaptation to disability explained 24% of the variance in FTO. Shock, depression, and acknowledgment were significant predictors of FTO. The facilitation of greater FTO in clients may be integral to achieving the long-term, career-focused planning that is emphasized in rehabilitation counseling.
Determinants of Employment Status Among a Community-Based Sample of People with Epilepsy
Authors: Bishop Malachy
Published: December 2007

People with epilepsy may face a number of complex and interacting problems and barriers related to employment. Understanding these barriers is an important step toward implementing effective rehabilitation interventions. This article explores the factors that predicted employment status among a community-based sample of adults with epilepsy. Data for the analysis were collected from 146 adults with epilepsy through Epilepsy Foundation chapters in Wisconsin, Kentucky, and Ohio. Several demographic and epilepsy-related variables were analyzed to explore the determinants of employment status. Results of a binary logistic regression analysis suggest that gender, number of antiepilepsy medications used, seizure frequency, and reported interference in daily functioning created by seizures were the best predictors of employment. Additional analyses suggested that the possession of a driver's license was also associated with employment status. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for rehabilitation-based intervention.
Effects of Client Race on Clinical Judgment of Practicing European American Vocational Rehabilitation Counselors
Authors: Rosenthal David A.
Published: December 2007

This Web-based study investigated the effects of client race on the clinical judgment of practicing European American vocational rehabilitation counselors, specifically, whether participants demonstrated bias in their general evaluation, perceptions of psychopathology, and estimates of the educational and vocational potential of African American clients. Participants reviewed case materials depicting either an African American or a European American client and rendered judgments (a) once after minimal initial information was provided, when initial impressions could be more vulnerable to racial stereotypes, and (b) once after subsequent information was provided, facilitating more definitive judgments. African American clients were judged more negatively than European American clients, and these differences persisted after reviewing subsequent information. Implications for treatment planning are discussed.
Motivational Interviewing and Rehabilitation Counseling Practice
Authors: Wagner Christopher C. , McMahon Brian T.
Published: December 2007

This article explores commonalities between rehabilitation counseling and the counseling approach known as motivational interviewing. Motivational interviewing is an empirically supported, client-centered, directive counseling approach designed to promote client motivation and reduce motivational conflicts and barriers to change. The underpinnings of motivational interviewing are related to several principles that drive rehabilitation counseling practice. Motivational interviewing focuses on issues that have been emphasized in the rehabilitation literature: clients' sense of the importance of potential changes, their confidence that change can be successful, and their readiness to make changes. Current and potential uses of motivational interviewing in rehabilitation counseling practice are outlined, and additional research directions are recommended.
Research Applications of the Longitudinal Study of the Vocational Rehabilitation Services Program
Authors: Kosciulek John F.
Published: December 2007

Current state and national disability and employment policy program and funding directives, such as the Ticket to Work and Work Incentives Improvement Act of 1999 and the Workforce Investment Act of 1998, require the state—federal vocational rehabilitation (VR) program to demonstrate service efficacy in order to maintain and expand program funding and services. The purpose of this article is to facilitate the study of the impact and results of the VR program by providing a framework for research using the Longitudinal Study of the Vocational Rehabilitation Services Program (LSVRSP) database. Following an overview of the LSVRSP, the following lines of inquiry that can be pursued using the LSVRSP database are discussed: (a) basic research, (b) rehabilitation counseling practice, (c) rehabilitation counselor education, and (d) policy evaluation and development.
Rehabilitation Counseling Students' Attitudes Toward People with Disabilities in Three Social Contexts
Authors: Wong Daniel W. , Fong Chan  , Da Silva Cardoso Elizabeth , Lam Chow S. , Miller Susan M.
Published: December 2007

This article examined factors influencing rehabilitation counseling students' attitudes toward people with disabilities in three social contexts, using a conjoint analysis design. A total of 98 graduate students participated in this study. A conjoint measurement of 38 cards (representing people with varying disability type, gender, ethnicity, age, education, and employment status) was used. The authors found that (a) disability-related factors were heavily involved in the preference-making process, (b) attitude or preference formation was also significantly affected by other client characteristics unrelated to disability, and (c) factors influencing attitude/preference formation were similar across the three social contexts. Conjoint analysis could increase our ability to understand factors contributing to the formation of attitudes/preferences in multiple social contexts.
The Relationship Between Working Alliance and Therapeutic Outcomes for Individuals with Mild Mental Retardation
Authors: Strauser David R. , Lustig Daniel C. , Donnell Chandra
Published: December 2007

Few studies have addressed the efficacy of counseling and psychotherapy for individuals with mild mental retardation, and no research has investigated the working alliance and psychotherapy outcomes for individuals with mental retardation. This study used existing survey data to examine the relationship between the level of working alliance and rehabilitation counseling outcomes for individuals with mild mental retardation. Results indicated a positive relationship between levels of working alliance and positive rehabilitation outcomes for people with mild mental retardation. This article examines effect sizes and discusses implications for rehabilitation counselors working with individuals with mild mental retardation.
Predictors of Career Exploration Intentions
Authors: Ochs Lisa A. , Roessler Richard T.
Published: December 2007

Failure of young people with disabilities to engage in career exploratory behavior contributes to their difficulties in transitioning into adult career roles. Social cognitive career theory's task performance model and career constructs were examined with 77 special education students diagnosed with learning disabilities and 99 general education students. A backward regression revealed that career decision self-efficacy and career outcome expectations were key predictors of career exploratory intentions in both groups. Implications for the development of a career assessment battery and intervention are presented.
Viewing Disability Through Differing Lenses: Medical, Political, and Psychological
Authors: Vash Carolyn L.
Published: December 2007

This article was originally presented as part of a symposium conducted during the annual convention of the American Psychological Association in Toronto, Ontario, on August 8, 2003. The symposium, sponsored by the Board of Affairs of Psychology in the Public Interest, was titled “The Over-Medicalization of Psychology.” Whereas this article explores disability issues, other presentations examined effects of an excess emphasis on medical approaches to psychology practice on women, elders, ethnic minorities, and sexual or gender-identification minorities. The focus of concern was the current controversy surrounding psychologists seeking authority to prescribe biological treatments for psychological symptoms rather than continuing to use and develop less invasive psychological, social, and behavioral approaches.
Expanding Understanding of HIV/AIDS and Employment
Authors: Conyers Liza M.
Published: December 2007

The employment-related issues and concerns of 46 individuals with HIV/AIDS diagnoses were explored using grounded theory methods. Participants, who ranged in age from 22 to 58 years, represented diverse ethnic backgrounds reflective of the emerging demographics of HIV and were at various stages of the employment process. The key categories that emerged from the data fell into 3 main areas: (a) impact of HIV/AIDS, (b) motivation to work, and (c) barriers to employment. The data analysis led to the expansion of the 5-construct, 6-process ecological model (Szymanski & Hershenson, 1998) by placing greater emphasis on the role of mediating factors in understanding the employment-related issues and concerns of people with HIV and in expanding the interpretation of the developmental process as it relates to emergent disability. Use of an ecological approach to rehabilitation planning is recommended.
The Relationship of Occupational Stress, Psychological Strain, and Coping Resources to the Turnover Intentions of Rehabilitation Counselors
Authors: Layne Christina Mann , Hohenshil Thomas H. , Singh Kusum
Published: December 2007

The Occupational Stress Inventory—Revised (Osipow, 1998) and an individual data form were used to determine the turnover intentions of rehabilitation counselors, based on an interactive model of stress, strain, and coping as well as various demographic variables. The sample consisted of counselors who considered themselves to be employed full-time as rehabilitation counselors, regardless of job setting, and who are members of the American Rehabilitation Counseling Association. The results indicate that it is the occupational stress inherent in the job functions of rehabilitation counselors, and not individual coping resources or demographic variables, that accounts for the turnover intentions of counselors in the field of rehabilitation.
Subjective Well-Being Among People with Spinal Cord Injuries
Authors: Hampton Nan Zhang
Published: December 2007

The purpose of this study was to explore the joint contributions of demographic variables, perceived health, self-efficacy beliefs, and perceived social support to subjective well-being (SWB) in people with spinal cord injuries (SCI). One hundred twenty-seven individuals with SCI participated in the study. The results indicated that general self-efficacy, perceived social support, perceived health, and age at injury accounted for a substantial variance in SWB of the participants. Income was correlated with SWB, but it did not contribute to the prediction of SWB when the influences of general self-efficacy, perceived social support, perceived health, and age at injury were statistically controlled. Gender, ethnicity, and educational level were not significantly correlated with SWB. Implications of the results for rehabilitation counseling practice and research are discussed.
A Multiyear Citation Analysis of Three Rehabilitation Journals
Authors: Cook Daniel W. , Hulett Laura
Published: December 2007

Using citation analysis, 3 rehabilitation journals were compared on average number of articles published per year, average number of references per article, number of self-citations, and number of times published articles were cited by other journals for the 4-year periods of 1999 through 2002 and 1977 through 1980. These data were then related to establishing journal quality.
Employment and Satisfaction Outcomes From a Job Retention Intervention Delivered to Persons with Chronic Diseases
Authors: Allaire Saralynn H. , Jingbo Niu  , LaValley Michael P.
Published: December 2007

Job retention services are recommended for people with chronic diseases based on their high risk for work disability. This randomized trial tested the effectiveness of a job retention intervention in a sample of employed persons with rheumatic diseases at risk for work disability. One hundred and twenty-two experimental participants received the job retention intervention, and 120 controls received written materials. Employment status was assessed at 6-month intervals up to 48 months after enrollment. Main outcomes were time to job loss and satisfaction with the experimental and control interventions. The log-rank test was used to detect a difference between the groups in time to job loss. Between-group differences in satisfaction scores were analyzed using Wilcoxon tests. Job loss was delayed in experimental participants compared with controls, p = 0.03. Satisfaction scores for the job retention intervention were substantially higher than those for the written materials, p < 0.0001. Job retention intervention has the potential to reduce the high rates of chronic disease—associated job loss.
Relation of Disability Type and Career Thoughts to Vocational Identity
Authors: Yanchak Kristen V. , Lease Suzanne H. , Strauser David R.
Published: December 2007

This study compared dysfunctional career thoughts and perceptions of vocational identity for individuals with different types of disabilities and examined whether the relation of career thoughts to vocational identity was moderated by type of disability. Ninety adults with cognitive and physical impairments were administered the Career Thoughts Inventory and the My Vocational Situation. Results indicate that individuals with cognitive impairments had more decision-making confusion and external conflict than individuals with physical disabilities. The groups did not differ in their perceptions of vocational identity, and disability type did not significantly moderate the relationship between career thoughts and vocational identity. Implications for career counseling of individuals with disabilities are discussed.
The Adjustment Process for Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Lustig Daniel C.
Published: December 2007

This study investigated the relationship between perceived changes in sense of coherence from pre- to postinjury and adjustment for a group of individuals with spinal cord injury. It was hypothesized that after a spinal cord injury, an individual's belief that he or she had significantly reduced his or her sense of coherence would be associated with reduced adjustment. Forty-eight individuals with spinal cord injury completed Antonovsky's Sense of Coherence Scale and Livneh and Antonak's Reactions to Impairment and Disability Inventory. Results indicated a positive relationship between adjustment and strengthened sense of coherence. Rehabilitation counselor implications are discussed.
Correlates of Job Placement Practice
Authors: Hergenrather Kenneth C. , Rhodes Scott D. , McDaniel Randall S.
Published: December 2007

The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) was used to study the factors that influence the intention of public rehabilitation counselors to place consumers living with AIDS into jobs. Participants completed the Rehabilitation Counselor Intention to Place Survey, which was based on 2,089 elicited salient job placement beliefs of 155 public rehabilitation job placement professionals. Rehabilitation Counselor Intention to Place Survey measures of attitudes, influential referent groups, and impediments to job placement were validated, and significant correlations with intention were identified. Hypotheses were developed within the guidelines of the TPB to examine the influence of attitude, referent groups, and impediments to job placement when placing a consumer living with AIDS into a job. The constructs of attitude and referent groups were significant predictors of the intention of public rehabilitation counselors to place consumers living with AIDS into jobs and suggest direction for further applications of the TPB in vocational rehabilitation research.
Remembering Community Inclusion
Authors: Millington Michael J.
Published: December 2007

Jack Eldon Baker was born, lived, and died in Gilbert, Arkansas. The story of his life is retold in excerpts from a memorial publication published by the people of the town. This article also makes the case that his story is an example of community inclusion. Through the voices of those who knew him, we see Jack as a person who gave to the community according to his talents and was supported by the community according to his needs. Although our social services system would have identified him as a person with a significant developmental disability, neither Jack nor his community found such labels meaningful. The importance of Jack's contribution to his town and the implications for the rehabilitation counseling profession are discussed.