bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single-Particle Cryo-EM: What happens inside the Black Box?
Authors: Bhakta Sayan , van Heel Marin
Published: September 2024

Electron microscopy has been an important method for visualising biological structures and processes since the 1940s. The discovery of a practical vitreous-ice specimen-preparation technique in the mid-1980s [Adrian 1984] led to modern-day Cryogenic Electron Microscopy (Cryo-EM) which in recent years has become a major technique for studying the architecture of biological macromolecules. Many further instrumental and data-analysis improvements were established in the decades after the introduction of the “vitreous-ice” state of water. Especially the advent of direct electron detectors boosted the quality of the recorded data, allowing atomic-resolution information of biological complexes to be harvested in the early 2010s, developments that truly revolutionized the use of Cryo-EM in structural biology. Single-Particle Analysis (SPA) of isolated molecules, prepared in a thin layer of vitreous water, has proven a most successful approach in structural biology and now often supplants the use of classical techniques like X-ray crystallography, especially for large biological complexes. The ever-increasing number of researchers using Cryo-EM is reflected by the growing number of depositions in the Electron Microscopy Data Bank (EMDB). Explaining this methodology to a new generation of researchers has now become a priority. In writing this review we were reminded of some persistent confusions that emerged in the early days of Cryo-EM but that continue to muddle the field. A new problem with the prolific use of Graphic User Interfaces (GUIs), is that the underlying methodology is often no longer transparent to the users of these “black boxes”. Complicated procedures, well hidden behind a GUI window, may contain methodological flaws that the user must be aware of. The conquering of markets in this booming Cryo-EM field – crucial for developing new pharmaceuticals – must not prevail over scientific integrity. We here describe and critically review the principles of single-particle Cryo-EM. We warn for procedures that have gone astray and could generate serious problems especially in the quality-control of Single-Particle Cryogenic Electron Microscopy.
Insulin resistance and cellular metabolism fundamentals: a review
Authors: Vayakkattil Amal Bhanu , Vayakkattil Udayabhanu
Published: September 2024

Nutrient and oxygen uptake are the basis of cellular metabolism. Metabolic demand dynamically controls internal stability, energy harnessing, cellular homeostasis, membrane fluidity, nutrient uptake, signal transduction, intercellular communication, and ultimately, organism survival. Physiological glucose resistance protects cells against glucose overconsumption and oxidative stress but may become pathological in both insulin-independent and insulin-dependent cells. The plasma membrane lipid bilayer, composed of phospholipids with fatty acid tails of varying degrees of unsaturation, contributes to membrane fluidity. Red blood cells (RBCs) are more susceptible to glucose resistance than other cells because they move through extreme environments with low pH and high pressure. Therefore, RBCs are more likely to develop pathological glucose resistance, thereby impairing oxygen transport and increasing dependence on anaerobic glycolysis in other normal tissues. This shift results in lactic acid accumulation, leading to a vicious cycle of metabolic dysfunction and glucose resistance. Moreover, glucose resistance affects the glucose consumption by RBCs, which can lead to elevated blood glucose levels. This hyperglycemia triggers enhanced insulin secretion by beta cells. Insulin upregulates glucose uptake in normal insulin-sensitive cells and stimulates glycogen storage in the liver and muscle. Excess glucose in adipocytes is converted to fat, promoting lipogenesis.
Robust Standard Errors and Confidence Intervals for Standardized Mean Difference
Authors: Bulus Metin
Published: September 2024

The Student's t-test assumes common population variance for testing raw score mean difference (RSMD). The Cohen-Glass-Hedges standardized mean difference (SMD) align with this assumption and are primarily applicable to experimental designs where an intervention affect mean but not variance. However, the intervention may increase or decrease variance due to differential responses driven by individual differences. Furthermore, variances may differ between natural groups in observational data, a phenomenon that is well-documented in various fields of research. One prevalent suggestion is to use the Welch-Satterthwaite t-test for RSMD. Nonetheless, SMD counterparts has been lagging behind. Various methods has been offered in the literature but they often either fail to preserve the definitions of Cohen-Glass-Hedges SMD or are inconsistent with ordinary least square (OLS) framework. This study proposes a consistent framework between RSMD tests and SMDs using OLS sandwich estimators (one of which is precisely same as the Welch-Satterthwaite t-test). For each proposed RSMD testing procedure, we derive a consistent SMD counterpart using the delta method and construct confidence intervals that are based on lambda-prime distribution. Compared to conventional Cohen-Glass-Hedges SMD, these new indices offer efficiency gains, allowing direct application in hypothesis testing of point null, non-inferiority, superiority, equivalence, and minimal effect testing even without raw data. They also enable more precise power calculations. Finally, they improve efficiency of between-study heterogeneity indices in meta-analysis. Implications are discussed and some guidelines are provided.
Conceptualizing Election-Related Violence
Authors: Rosenzweig Steven C , Siddiqui Niloufer
Published: September 2024

Recent years have seen a sharp rise in scholarship on election-related violence. There remains, however, a lack of consensus on how to define and categorize the phenomenon being studied. In this article, we analyze the various definitions and typologies of election violence put forward in the literature, highlighting points of agreement and disagreement. We propose a definition of election-related violence that is expansive enough to capture the forms of violence that fall under the concept while simultaneously distinguishing it from other instances of violence and coercion. We also propose a typology based on what we argue are the most analytically relevant dimensions by which we might categorize such violence: the actor carrying out the violence and their motive for doing so. Throughout, we clarify the stakes of these conceptual choices and demonstrate how our proposals can lead to more productive and cumulative research on this important topic.
When the wandering mind trips: Attentional fluctuations influence memory for temporal structure of experience
Authors: Vitello Mary , Rissman Jesse
Published: September 2024

By drawing attention away from environmental stimuli, mind-wandering may disrupt encoding of sensory information and segmentation of ongoing experiences into discrete events. However, relatively little is known about its consequences for the formation and later recall of temporally structured event memories. To investigate how mind-wandering influences temporal memory, we adapted the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) paradigm to give it episodic structure (“EpiSART”). By presenting participants with a continuous series of visual objects and periodically switching the category of these object stimuli to induce event boundaries, we were able to examine the influence of event boundaries on response time variability, a marker of mind-wandering. Across four experiments, we found a significant change in the slope of the response time variance time course (VTC) before versus after an event boundary, with the former having a positive slope (increasing mind-wandering) and the latter having a negative slope (reduction in mind-wandering). Critically, the degree to which participants redirected their focus, indexed by a reduction in the VTC, after an event boundary (Experiment 1 and 2) or after making an error (Experiment 3) predicted subsequent memory for the temporal order of events. However, when task demands increased, and mind-wandering consequently decreased, changes in VTC slope at these critical time points had no relationship with subsequent temporal order memory (Experiment 4). Taken together, these results suggest that event boundaries and errors serve to momentarily reduce mind-wandering in a manner that is consequential for temporal memory.
Spatial Diffusion of Economic Shocks in the Labor Market: Evidence from a Mining Boom and Bust
Authors: Rodríguez-Puello Gabriel , Rickardsson Jonna
Published: September 2024

Little is known about the spatial diffusion of the effects of economic shocks on the labor market. We use the mining boom resulting from the unexpected increase in the international prices of resources, geocoded microdata originating from administrative registers of individuals in Sweden, and dynamic difference-in-differences specifications to assess the spatial diffusion of economic shocks on labor market outcomes; we focus specifically on people to determine who is affected by the mining boom. We find consistent short- and long-lasting positive effects of the mining boom on individual earnings that spread as far as 83 km from the mining site. We also find a large gain in earnings and employment for residents directly employed in the mining sector, accompanied by significant spillover effects in other sectors. Furthermore, we find evidence of the migration of young, nonmarried, and highly educated individuals to the mining area, who obtain benefits from the mining boom in terms of earnings and employment; this is especially true for migrants who relocate to work directly in the mining sector.
Teaching Inclusive Language Against Exclusive Norms: Theoretical, Empirical, and Practical Considerations for the L2 Spanish Classroom and Beyond
Authors: Benjamin Nadav
Published: September 2024

Languages exhibit varying degrees of complexity in their gender systems. Some, like Finnish and English, convey gender distinctions solely through lexical variation (e.g., äiti–isä, mother–father, respectively), while others feature intricate agreement systems encompassing pronouns, adjectives, predicate nominatives, and verbs. Further, some languages already employ gender-neutral pronouns within their traditional linguistic norms (e.g., Finnish uses hän for ‘he,’ ‘she,’ and ‘it’) while others have had to create new pronouns (e.g., hen in Swedish) and new agreement systems (e.g., elle and the corresponding -e gender morpheme in Spanish) that exist beyond gender binaries. Relatedly, languages employing grammatical gender often use the so-called generic masculine to refer to mixed-gender groups of people, presenting issues for women who go linguistically unrepresented in such constructions which have prompted calls and attempts for reform. But where innovation towards inclusion occurs also come issues in using and teaching novel linguistic forms. This article uses the Spanish gender system and its novel inclusive forms, along with some examples from other languages, as a case study for answering two key questions that world language and second language educators must answer as they approach inclusive languages: What do I tell my nonbinary students when they ask what linguistic options they have? and How do I teach language without enforcing gender stereotypes? Recommendations include faithfulness to the morphophonology of the target language, visibilizing linguistically marginalized groups, and, above all, a willingness to engage in discussions about gender. Lastly, sample inclusive pedagogical resources for language teachers are provided.Keywords: inclusive language, Spanish, world languages education, queering education, personal pronouns, gender stereotypes
Unmasking bias and MDMA-assisted therapy
Authors: Szigeti Balazs , Bradley Ellen , Woolley Joshua
Published: September 2024

On August 9th the US Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) rejected 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine assisted therapy (MDMA-AT) as a treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), despite seemingly positive trial results. A major reason cited was functional unmasking, which combined with enthusiasm about MDMA, raised concerns about the objectivity of these trials. Here, we define what is 'unmasking bias' and calculate its magnitude for two drugs, ketamine and escitalopram, where data was available from the literature. Our results show that unmasking bias is larger than the treatment vs control effect size for MDMA. These findings do not prove that effects of MDMA-AT are entirely or even partially due to unmasking, however, our findings do indicate that MDMA-AT’s effect sizes are not too large to be due to unmasking.
Individual variability in mental imagery vividness does not predict perceptual interference with imagery: A replication study of Cui et al., 2007
Authors: Reeder Reshanne R , Azañón Elena , Pounder Zoë , Figueroa Alec
Published: September 2024

Vivid visual mental imagery is thought to influence perceptual processing, but much of the current knowledge on this comes from one highly-cited, though underpowered (N=8) study from 2007, which found that more vivid imagery increases interference between imagined and perceptual content. However, that study has not been repeated since. We therefore conducted a conceptual (Experiment 1) and direct (Experiment 2) replication study. In Experiment 1, we recruited 185 online participants across the mental imagery spectrum, including individuals with self-reported aphantasia (the absence of mental imagery) and hyperphantasia (extremely vivid imagery). In Experiment 2, we recruited 56 participants, 28 with self-reported aphantasia and 28 gender- and age-matched typical imagers. We predicted that those with more vivid imagery would exhibit stronger imagery-perception interference, as measured by decreased performance in a modified Stroop task when the word and color were congruent compared to incongruent, consistent with the 2007 study's interpretation. We were unable to replicate this effect in either experiment. Instead, we observed performance benefits for color-word congruency across the mental imagery spectrum, with no difference in the magnitude of this effect across imagery ability or vividness, even among those with extreme imagery variations (aphantasia, hyperphantasia). Interestingly, we observed a significant relationship between a measure of mental imagery realism and the congruency effect, where individuals with the ability to project their mental images into the external environment (i.e., prophantasia) showed stronger congruency effects. This finding challenges our current understanding of the role of mental imagery in perception.
Taking a Nosedive: Can Boeing’s Image be Saved? Application of Image Repair Theory
Authors: Ndone James
Published: September 2024

Boeing’s leadership faced significant criticism for its mishandling of the two 737 Max plane crashes that occurred within a six-month span. Since then, Boeing has been grappling with ongoing quality control issues with its 737 Max series, including a recent door plug failure on a 737 Max 9 mid-flight, and production flaws in the 787 Dreamliner, such as gaps between fuselage sections.This case study applies image repair theory (IRT) to explore Boeing’s crisis communication strategies in response to the 737 Max plane crashes. This study further investigates the application of the concepts of stealing thunder, framing hypothesis, and ethical apology, and their application in Boeing's crisis management. The findings reveal that Boeing's leadership employed both denial and mortification strategies; however, the timing and execution of these communications were flawed, leading to long-term reputational damage.Boeing’s failure to employ stealing thunder, effective framing, and delivering sincere apologies has hindered its ability to control the crisis narrative. Theoretical implications for IRT are discussed
Digital Trace Data
Authors: Jungherr Andreas
Published: September 2024

Digital trace data are an important resource for the study of social life and human behavior. Digital trace data document users’ interactions with digital information systems. This includes interactions on social media services – like Facebook, TikTok, or X (Twitter) – as well as interactions with devices – such as smart phones or smart speakers. This makes digital trace data into an important source for the analysis of communicative phenomena in digital media and beyond. But to realize their potential, researchers must first account for their characteristics as measures of society and behavior. This includes questions as to what phenomena they do speak directly, which can be inferred based on theorizing the links between specific data generating processes and phenomena of interest, what remains hidden, and how related uncertainty can be accounted for or even quantified.
बुद्धचरितमहाकाव्यप्रथमसर्गविमर्श
Authors: खतिवडा : Khatiwada उत्तमप्रसाद Uttamprasad
Published: September 2024

Available with Fulltext.
काव्यशास्त्रसम्वद्धकाव्यहेतुसमीक्षा
Authors: खतिवडा Khatiwada चिरञ्जीवी Chiranjivi
Published: September 2024

Available with Fulltext.
श्रीमदुदयनदृशा ईश्वरनिरुपणम्
Authors: आचार्य : Acharya बाबुराम Baburam
Published: September 2024

Available with Full text.
ब्याकरण-विशिष्टद्वैत र्दशनपुराणद्द्भिमतमायाविमर्श
Authors: पौडेलः Poudel हरिलालः Harilal
Published: September 2024

Available with Full Text.
Democratic Socialism of BP and its Imperatives in Nepal's Politics and Development: A Critical Outlook
Authors: Sapkota Mahendra
Published: September 2024

This paper explores Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala’s interpretation of democratic socialism and its influence on Nepal’s political and developmental trajectory. Adopting a review-based methodology within a critical framework, the research delves into BP’s principles of democratic socialism, which aim to blend democratic governance with social fairness and economic equity. The study evaluates how these principles were reflected in development policies during the Nepali Congress leadership, noting both positive outcomes and limitations. Additionally, it addresses the substantial obstacles encountered in applying democratic socialism in Nepal, such as political instability, leadership crisis, economic constraints, and societal challenges. In conclusion, the paper assesses the ongoing significance and future prospects of democratic socialism in Nepal, advocating for its effective theorization and application through development strategies centered on the people, improved governance practices, and reinforced institutional structures to promote political morality and sustainable development.
Public Policy and Governance: Catalyzing Local Development and Economic Growth
Authors: Ghimire Bhesh Raj
Published: September 2024

The relationship between local development and public policy is inherently interconnected and critically important. From this ontological standpoint, this paper seeks to explore the intricate linkages between these two domains. Public policies establish the foundational frameworks and guidelines that directly influence local development processes. This study employs an explanatory and qualitative methodology, relying on a review of secondary data sources. The findings suggest that well-conceived and effectively implemented public policies can significantly enhance local development outcomes, driving economic growth, improving quality of life, and fostering community well-being. However, the study also reveals that in practice, the processes of policy formulation and implementation are often disorganized and lack a scientific basis, limiting their potential contribution to national development. Many local governments remain unclear about their development priorities and fail to emphasize sustainable practices that leverage local resources and generate employment for local residents. In the federal context of Nepal, where local development is a cornerstone of democracy, there has been a noticeable deviation in public policy approaches from what is needed. Given Nepal’s federal system, the government should prioritize sustainable development to ensure performance legitimacy. The study concludes that grassroots democracy in Nepal currently faces numerous challenges and obstacles. Transforming these challenges into opportunities requires a more people-centric public policy approach aligned with local development goals.
Agenda of Federal System in Nepal: Nexus of Fiscal Federalism and Controlled Corruption
Authors: Khanal Shreedhar
Published: September 2024

This research critically assesses Nepal's fiscal federalism, focusing on the interconnectedness of budget allocation, spending, revenue generation, and corruption at the provincial level. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study combines quantitative data analysis with qualitative insights to evaluate how weaknesses in fiscal management erode public trust in federalism. The findings show that while decentralizing power and resources is a core objective of the federal system, provincial governments remain heavily dependent on federal transfers due to limited internal revenue generation. The study reveals that provinces fall short of meeting public expectations, primarily due to insufficient and poorly managed expenditure capacities, resulting in substantial underperformance. Additionally, the research identifies a significant correlation between increased budget allocation and corruption, highlighting that higher public spending often leads to financial misconduct. This is reflected in unspent budgets and frequent misuse of public funds, which amplify public dissatisfaction with the federal system. The study emphasizes the need for improved fiscal autonomy, stronger accountability frameworks, and more effective resource-sharing mechanisms to enhance the efficiency of provincial governments and address rising concerns about the viability of federalism.
Glimpse on Spot and Derivative Market of Electricity and Nepal’s Hydropower
Authors: Pandey Ranju
Published: September 2024

Energy plays a vital role in a country’s economic development. Nepal abundantly blessed with various renewable resources like hydropower, solar energy, biogas, and biomass can achieve prosperity both economically and socially. Further, with a significant opportunities for the regional electricity market as the country has been surrounded by big powerhouses like China and India. It has huge possibilities for regional trading of renewable energy. The present total Installed capacity of power is 3157 MW in Nepal. With 95% hydropower generation, the energy mix in the  Integrated Nepal Power System makes the country a surplus of electricity during the wet season when the water in the river is very high and a shortage during the dry season when the discharge in the river is minimal. Hence, to address the surplus generation during the wet season and shortage of power during the dry season, trading in the region plays a very vital role in balancing the demand and supply of the country. Nepal has been importing power during the dry season power deficit in the market during the dry season when the demand is high leaving NEA at risk of interrupting the supply to its customers. Likewise, uncertainty about clearing a bid during the wet season when the power production is high and Nepal is in the position to export the power in the regional market, as the Hydropower plant has to compete with the cheap coal power plant resulting in financial loss and uncertainty of return on investment. Hence, to tackle the mentioned financial risks, the Electricity Derivative market can be one of the best options as derivatives markets can be used to hedge against price fluctuations in electricity spot markets. Similarly, the uncertainty of power sale can be avoided by selling or buying the electricity through a derivative market for the future time period that secures the price and the amount that can be sold in the market in the future. In a nutshell, the Electricity Derivative market can be a useful mechanism for the development of hydropower in Nepal in the future.
Robinson and Lou Aronica’s Creative Schools: The Grassroots Revolution That’s transforming Education: A Book Review
Authors: पुरी Puri गाेबीन्द Govinda
Published: September 2024

Not available.
“Conservative Modernity”
Authors:   Junior Research Fellow, International Laboratory for the Study of Russian and European Intellectual Dialogue, National Research University–Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia, Girinsky Alexander A. , Azyrkin Pavel D. ,   Intern Researcher, Institute of Education, National Research University–Higher School of Economics
Published: September 2024

The modern conflict between Russia and the West undoubtedly has an ideological dimension. This is a clash of two versions of modernity that date back to the Enlightenment era―liberal- progressive and conservative.
Out of Turn
Authors:   Research Professor, Faculty of World Economy and International Affairs, National Research University–Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia, Lukyanov Fyodor A. ,   Editor-in-Chief, Russia in Global Affairs
Published: September 2024

Hegemony is coming to an end, and what was meant by multipolarity has become a fact. This is however, not a world order but a different set of conditions for the states’ functioning. And it has yet to be proved whether order is possible in these conditions.
Sailing into Unchartered Waters in Times of a Great Transition
Authors:   Vice Chairman, Shanghai Centre for RimPac Strategic and International Studies, Wong Nelson
Published: September 2024

The unfolding of events in recent years confirms that we are entering times of a great transition towards a new world of multilateralism. Unlike the shift of power centres that have happened in the West-centric world over the past few hundred years, the global disorder we are experiencing nowadays is caused mainly by the refusal of the U.S. to accept the rising of Asian powers including China.
The Race for the Global South or the ‘Battle for the Global Majority’: Prospects for Russia
Authors:   Head of the sector of military-political analysis and research projects, Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO), Bogdanov Konstantin V. , Kobrinskaya Irina Ya. ,   Head of Situation Analysis Center, Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO), Frumkin Boris E. ,   Leading Researcher, Situation Analysis Center, Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO)
Published: September 2024

The huge scope of work in the Global South allows conflict-free interaction of a wide variety of development and security service providers such as governments, private businesses, and private-public partnerships.
Controlling nutritional (CONUT) score for nutritional screening in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Avcı Esin , Dursun Belda , Nar Rukiye , Demir Süleyman
Published: September 2024

Purpose: Nutrition is severely impaired in individuals with renal impairment, and transplant often ameliorates this condition. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score of kidney transplant (KT) recipients.

Materials and methods: Using the data from the nephrology transplant unit, we analyzed 188 patients whose data on the constituents of the CONUT score were available. We included KT individuals with at least one lymphocyte count and total cholesterol and albumin concentrations. This data has been used to calculate the CONUT score. The decrease of lymphocyte counts and total cholesterol was determined with 0, 1, 2, and 3 points, and the reduction of albumin was assigned with 0, 2, 4, and 6 points in agreement with disease severity. Patients were classified according to this score: normal, light, moderate, and severe.

Results: There were 138 patients in normal, 54 in light, and three in each moderate and severe group. The CONUT score was good for regular-weight patients both before and after transplantation. All laboratory findings revealed significant differences between CONUT groups (p< 0.05). The logistic regression analysis model, including cholesterol, WBC, and calcium, showed that these three parameters have a predictive value of 80%.

Conclusion: After transplantation, the number of patients in the underweight group decreased when normal weight and obesity increased. However, some patients’ nutrition was not ameliorated. The CONUT score may be a useful tool for monitoring transplant patients’ nutritional status.
Differentiation as an object of research in the pedagogical literature
Authors: Kurabtsev M. D.
Published: September 2024

The article summarizes and systematizes information on differentiation as an object of research in the pedagogical literature. From the conceptual point of view, differentiation, in particular, of educational and health-enhancing physical education classes, was examined as a social and didactic system that allows a person to realize the natural potential in individual physical development in the current system of school education. The theoretical model of such differentiation was substantiated, the classification of models of differentiated learning was presented, and the invariants of differentiated ways of organization of physical education learning were analyzed. In the theoretical aspect, the ideas and scientific facts of educational, individual-focused physical education were highlighted. The place of differentiated learning among modern pedagogical theories was identified. The system of differentiation of educational and health- enhancing classes in classroom teaching was theoretically substantiated. In terms of technology, innovative programming of educational and health-enhancing physical education classes was proposed, the content of which is based on differentiated use of physical exercises against the background of physical capabilities of students with different physique and levels of physical health.
PECULIARITIES OF FUNCTIONING OF E-COMMERCE MARKETPLACES IN MODERN CONDITIONS: OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS
Authors:   Kuban State University, BABENKO A.I. , BABENKO I.V. ,   Kuban State University
Published: September 2024

Retail trade, like other areas of economic activity, is undergoing a continuous process of technological base evolution. Marketplace platforms operating through the global information and communication Internet network have become an actual evolutionary stage in the development of trade. The authors consider various positive and negative aspects of marketplaces as a form of trade activity.
PROVIDINGG DIAGNOSTICS OF STOCK MARKET PATTERNS BY ARTI CIAL INTELLIGENCE TOOLS
Authors:   Donetsk National University OF Economics and Trade named after Mikhail Tugan-Baranovsky, KOLOS I.V. , SKIBENKO G.G. ,   Donetsk National University OF Economics and Trade named after Mikhail Tugan-Baranovsky, TOMASHEVSKAYA E.Y. ,   Donetsk National University OF Economics and Trade named after Mikhail Tugan-Baranovsky, SHCHETININA D.V. ,   Donetsk National University OF Economics and Trade named after Mikhail Tugan-Baranovsky
Published: September 2024

The work focuses on the analysis of instruments and mechanisms of stock market regulation on the basis of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for forecasting and making investment decisions. The article also studies various patterns of technical analysis and their impact on the process of forecasting trends in stock markets. It provides an overview of effective AI tools used in financial markets, as well as examples of successful AI applications in the financial industry.
THE IMPACT OF ESG RATING ON THE INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF COMPANIES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Authors:   Kazan Federal University, GALI A.I.
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this research is to assess the impact of ESG ratings on the investment attractiveness of companies, expressed through profitability ratios and market multiples. Research methods include regression analysis of the relationship between a company’s position in the ESG rating and profitability ratios and market multiples. The results of the regression analysis showed a positive and statistically significant relationship between ESG rating and market multiples of companies.
Epidemiologic Monitoring of Enterovirus (Nepolio) Infection: Rationale for Improvement
Authors: Novoselova M. V. , Albaut E. V. , Brusina E. B.
Published: September 2024

Relevance. Non-polio enteroviruses are widespread worldwide, with millions of cases being reported each year, but limited data exist on the true burden of enterovirus (non-polio) infections (EVnI) worldwide due to a lack of standardized surveillance. Considering the absence of specific prevention of EnVI and the difficulty of predicting the epidemic situation due to the diversity of types of enteroviruses, there is an obvious need for substantiating and supplementing the existing parameters of epidemiological monitoring, identifying additional indicators of morbidity risk for the purpose of timely implementing preventive and anti-epidemic measures. Aim. Rationale of necessity of additional measures of the EVnI observation for early discovery of the activation of the epidemic process. Materials and methods. The research was held during the year 2023 and included the following three components: 1. The prospective continuous observation of the patients ranging from 0 to 18 years old who received medical help in ambulatory conditions. Possible symptoms of EVnI were studied using the ambulatory diseased person’s medical cards (f. № 0/25у). 2. The research of biological material, which belonged to the healthy people and people with signs of probable EVnI. 3. The study of epidemiological connection of dew point temperature with the manifestations of the EVnI epidemic process. Results. Probable clinical symptoms of EVnI are found among 511 observed children. Positive correlational connection with EVnI is visible among exanthems (0,43, p < 0,001) and acute nasopharyngitis (0,13, p < 0,001). The maximal incidence rate of EVnI is discovered in a period from 27th to 36th week (54,35 ‰), which coincides with maximal incidence rate of acute nasopharyngitis (434,78 ‰). The rise in incidence rate of EVnI in comparison to the last period is 4,45 times (p < 0,001), while in comparison to the rise in incidence rate of acute nasopharyngitis is 2,71 times (p < 0,0001). In planned observation of examined patients with probable symptoms, EVnI disease is found amongst 78 people, the incidence rate made 254,07 ‰ and that aligns with the results of active observation of health center appeals (267,68 ‰, p > 0,99). Clinical diagnosis of EVnI is made only in 51,28 %% of all cases. As a result of ill and healthy people’s observation, their relation is found to be 6:1 respectively. The activation of the epidemic process started in concurrence with dew point temperature +4,85 °C and continued until the dew point temperature +20,33 °C. Conclusion. The existing system of epidemiological supervision over EVnI has to be enhanced by adding the research on NPEV among the people who have acute nasopharyngitis during the stable rise in dew point temperature from +5,0 °C. Taking into account the rise in the incidence rate of EVnI, it is reasonable to expand the microbiological observation of biological material which belongs to the people who have exanthems, diarrheal syndrome and healthy people
Los archivos y las fuentes documentales. Herramientas para la didáctica de la historia y la formación de una ciudadanía crítica
Authors: Guerrero Elecalde Rafael
Published: September 2024

Introducción: Los archivos y las fuentes documentales pueden ser piezas fundamentales para la enseñanza de la historia. La investigación tiene como objetivo general conocer la percepción del futuro profesorado sobre el papel de archivos históricos en la sociedad. Este trabajo también se interesa por su conocimiento sobre la importancia del patrimonio documental como testimonio principal del pasado, así como su apreciación sobre su interés didáctico. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio con una muestra de 180 casos, recopilados entre estudiantes de la Universidad de Córdoba y de la Universidad de Granada, a través de un cuestionario con preguntas abiertas y cerradas. Resultados: Existe un amplio desconocimiento del futuro profesorado en Educación Primaria sobre la labor en la sociedad de los archivos y las fuentes documentales, así como sobre su valor didáctico para la formación de una ciudadanía de calidad. Discusión: Es necesario la colaboración entre las instituciones educativas y los profesionales de archivos históricos para facilitar proyectos conjuntos y prácticas en el uso de fuentes primarias. Todo ello con el fin de formar una ciudadanía crítica, conocedora de su pasado y comprometida con su patrimonio documental para la construcción de una sociedad más justa y democrática.
El papel de los estereotipos en el rendimiento por sexo en ciencias. Qué nos dice PISA
Authors: Fuentes De Frutos Silvia
Published: September 2024

Introducción: Las diferencias por sexo en PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) siguen un patrón generalizado. Los chicos muestran mejor competencia matemática pero una peor competencia lectora y las chicas mejores resultados en competencia lectora y un peor rendimiento en matemáticas. El presente estudio tiene como objeto valorar si existe una brecha de género en el rendimiento en la materia de ciencias en los resultados españoles.  Metodología: En primer lugar, se ha llevado a cabo una revisión bibliográfica de los últimos 25 años. A posteriori, se recurre al análisis multisectorial de los resultados de todo el alumnado español en PISA a lo largo de sus ocho ediciones. Resultados: No hay diferencias de sexo en los resultados de ciencias en el conjunto de España. Discusión: Nuestros resultados son acordes con los hallazgos presentados por la bibliografía más actual. Conclusiones: Destaca la importancia de potenciar las intervenciones necesarias para fomentar la igualdad observada en los resultados en ciencias en la elección de los estudios y carreras profesionales posteriores en mujeres, y la importancia de mejorar las políticas educativas y las actitudes sociales para reducir la brecha de género en matemáticas y lectura mediante la deconstrucción de los estereotipos.
Role of Space Technology in India: The Perceived Threats and Recommended Measures for Pakistan
Authors: Irfan Sheeba , Sheraz Ahmad , Babar Muhammad Mukarram
Published: September 2024

India’s advancements in space technology have had significant implications for the South Asian region, particularly for Pakistan's neighboring countries. These papers examine the perceived threats posed by India’s space capabilities and propose strategic measures for Pakistan to address these challenges. By analyzing India’s space program history, current capabilities, and potential military and economic impacts, the paper provides a comprehensive overview of the strategic landscape. Furthermore, it offers recommendations for Pakistan to enhance its own space capabilities to improve its cybersecurity measures, form strategic alliances, and engage in diplomatic efforts to mitigate the risks associated with Indian space advancements.
China's Economic Development Policy: An Analysis
Authors: Riaz Marwa , Ali Anwar , Liaqat Bilal Bin
Published: September 2024

This study aims to analyze several developmental policies of the Chinese government that have helped China in becoming a major global power. Several elements, such as its policy initiatives, global commerce, and investments, have been studied to analyze China's economic expansion and its political influence globally. This study examines the applicable literature through qualitative research methods to shed light on the role that China's developmental strategies played in the country's rise to global dominance. The study also considers how these policies have an impact on the country's progress and its rise as a major power. Although almost all policies were inspected yet results showed that the reforming and open-up policy of China is the key driver to its rise including the "Made in China 2025" program, and the "Belt and Road" plan as the most important initiatives. Developing nations should learn from China's effective infrastructure development, innovation, and economic policies.
Czy ponowna kontrola celno-skarbowa stanowi nadużycie prawa przez organ podatkowy? Glosa do wyroku Wojewódzkiego Sądu Administracyjnego w Warszawie z dnia 25 maja 2023 r., III SA/Wa 2319/22
Authors: Kotowski Daniel
Published: September 2024

W glosie przedstawiona została analiza wyroku Wojewódzkiego Sądu Administracyjnego w Warszawie, który uznał za nadużycie prawa działanie organu podatkowego polegające na podejmowaniu kilku lub też wielu analogicznych kontroli po sobie w świetle art. 165b ustawy – Ordynacja podatkowa. Postępowanie takie pomimo braku zakazu wyraźnie wyrażonego w przepisach prawa nie stanowi realizacji przez organ podatkowy jego kompetencji wynikających z norm prawa. W analizie przedmiotowego wyroku autor dodatkowo poruszył kwestię kontroli organów podatkowych dokonywanej w ramach prawa do sądu w świetle nadużycia prawa podmiotowego przynależnego organom podatkowym.
SYNTHESIS OF COPPER NANOPARTICLES USING AMORPHOPHALLUS PAEONIIFOLIUS TUBER EXTRACT AND THEIR PHOTODEGRADATION ACTIVITIES ON METHYL ORANGE DYE
Authors: Kalicharan A. Alvin , A. Kistan  , S. Jothilakshmi  , S. Rekha  , S. Mohan
Published: September 2024

The current study focuses on investigating the removal of methyl orange dye using green-synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles derived from Amorphophallus paeoniifolius tubers. The nanoparticles were characterized using various techniques, including UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Key parameters for adsorption, such as pH, contact time, adsorbent amount, and initial dye concentration, were examined. Additionally, the energy requirements for the pseudo-first and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were evaluated. This green synthesis method is efficient, cost-effective, and time-saving, leading to the production of copper oxide nanoparticles on a large scale.
Traffic Prediction as a Multidimensional Random Process in a Three-Dimensional High-Density Internet of Things Network
Authors: Elagin V. S. , Grebenshchikova A. А.
Published: September 2024

Relevance. The relevance of the topic considered in the article lies in the active transformation of communication networks and the formation of a three-dimensional high-density communication network, which changes the structure of data traffic, therefore, for this type of network, a traffic model is considered as a multidimensional random process.

The main purpose of the study is to improve the efficiency of network traffic forecasting by developing a method, the distinctive feature of which is traffic forecasting as a multidimensional random process, taking into account the mutual dependence of individual flows produced by network nodes.

Methods. The paper considers an algorithm for training an artificial neural network (ANN) based on the method of reducing the root of the mean square error RMSE, and also proposes forecasting methods using LSTM-type ANNs and adapting model parameters to changing network operating conditions. The use of LSTM-type ANN for forecasting a multivariate random process describing traffic in a three-dimensional high-density network can yield better results than forecasting individual traffic flows as independent random processes due to the consideration of mutual influences between different traffic flows.

The results. Building the corresponding model, collecting statistics (obtaining a training sample), training the ANN and performing the forecast require the use of computing resources. Thus, the forecasting efficiency can be defined as a decrease in the forecasting error while maintaining the volume of resources used or a decrease in the volume of resources while maintaining the forecasting error. In the course of solving the scientific problem, criteria were identified for selecting the value of a unit interval (lag), which, together with the forecasting interval, significantly affects the final scenario.

The theoretical significance The scientific novelty of the work lies in the assessment of the change in the error in forecasting the traffic of a three-dimensional high-density communication network as a multivariate random process, compared to presenting the forecast of the same traffic as a set of independent random processes.

Significance (theoretical). The efficiency of traffic forecasting as a multidimensional random process in a three-dimensional high-density communication network increases with increasing dimensionality. Thus, such traffic in forecasting problems should be considered as a multidimensional random process, the dimensionality of which is equal to the number of network nodes producing traffic.

Significance (practical). The results obtained in the work can be used in the future to optimize the functioning of the traffic management system.
Implementation of a Highly Mobile UAVs Direction Finding Complex Using Virtual Magnetic Dipoles
Authors: Ishchenko E. A. , Pasternak Yu. G. , Fedorov S. M. , Barannikov I. A.
Published: September 2024

Relevance. In the context of the development of modern broadband communication systems, the task of performing direction finding of signals using highly mobile direction finding systems (UAVs) is becoming especially urgent. They impose restrictions on the size of antenna elements and the distance between them, which leads to an increase in the mathematical error of the bearing.

Problem statement. The paper sets the task of considering the possibility of increasing the direction finding accuracy of a highly mobile complex by using virtual magnetic dipole technology. A feature of this method is the minimization of distortions introduced by the carrier body into the characteristics of the measured field. To measure the field characteristics, as well as their partial components, vector antenna elements were used.

Goal of the work is to study the characteristics of a radio direction finding complex using virtual magnetic dipole methods in conditions of distortions introduced by the carrier body. As an example, cases of direction finding of differently polarized waves, taking into account the influence of radomes of antenna elements, assessment of the maximum resolution accuracy, as well as noise stability are considered. The finite element method implemented in DS CST Studio Suite 2024 was used in the modeling.

Result. During the research, a plane wave with different bearings fell on a UAV with a direction finding complex, which made it possible to carry out the most accurate research. The results of the work also include the creation of a model of a radio direction finding complex, which can be installed on a small UAV, providing high accuracy of wave direction finding in passive mode.

The novelty of the method used lies in the application of methods for the formation of virtual magnetic dipoles based on the measured characteristics of the distorted electric field. New to this work are modeling cases that are associated with noise suppression, the influence of antenna element housings, as well as assessment of the maximum resolution accuracy.

Practical significance of the work lies in the creation of a model of a radio location system based on vector antenna elements, which are used to measure the characteristics of the electromagnetic field with subsequent direction finding based on the magnetic field.