bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Compressive Strength of Concrete Specimens Based on Interpretable Machine Learning
Authors: Wang Wenhu , Zhong Yihui , Liao Gang , Ding Qing , Zhang Tuan , Li Xiangyang
Published: July 2024

The aim of this paper is to explore an effective model for predicting the compressive strength of concrete using machine learning technology, as well as to interpret the model using an interpretable method, which overcomes the limitation of the unknowable prediction processes of previous machine learning models. An experimental database containing 228 samples of the compressive strength of standard cubic specimens was built in this study, and six algorithms were applied to build the predictive model. The results show that the XGBoost model has the highest prediction accuracy among all models, as the R2 of the training set and testing set are 0.982 and 0.966, respectively. Further analysis was conducted on the XGBoost model to discuss its applicability. The main steps include the following: (i) obtaining key features, (ii) obtaining trends in the evolution of features, (iii) single-sample analysis, and (iv) conducting a correlation analysis to explore methods of visualizing the variations in the factors that exert influence. The interpretability analyses on the XGBoost model show that the contribution to the compressive strength by each factor is highly in line with the conventional theory. In summary, the XGBoost model proved to be effective in predicting concrete’s compressive strength.
Experimental Evaluation of Acoustical Materials for Noise Reduction in an Induction Motor Drive
Authors: Sahu Ashish Kumar , Selliah Abeka , Hassan Alaa , Masoumi Moien , Bilgin Berker
Published: July 2024

Electric propulsion motors are more efficient than internal combustion engines, but they generate high-frequency tonal noise, which can be perceived as annoying. Acoustical materials are typically suitable for high-frequency noise, making them ideal for acoustic noise mitigation. This paper investigates the effectiveness of three acoustical materials, namely, 2″ Polyurethane foam, 2″ Vinyl-faced quilted glass fiber, and 2″ Studiofoam, in mitigating the acoustic noise from an induction motor and a variable frequency inverter. Acoustic noise rates at multiple motor speeds, with and without the application of acoustical materials, are compared to determine the effectiveness of acoustical materials in mitigating acoustic noise at the transmission stage. Acoustical materials reduce acoustic noise from the induction motor by 5–14 dB(A) at around 500 Hz and by 22–31 dB(A) at around 10,000 Hz. Among the tested materials, Studiofoam demonstrates superior noise absorption capacity across the entire frequency range. Polyurethane foam is a cost-effective and lightweight alternative, and it is equally as effective as Studifoam in mitigating high-frequency acoustic noise above 5000 Hz.
On a Weighting Technique for Multiple Cost Optimization Problems with Interval Values
Authors: Treanţă Savin , Alsalami Omar Mutab
Published: July 2024

This paper deals with a weighting technique for a class of multiple cost optimization problems with interval values. More specifically, we introduce a multiobjective interval-valued controlled model and investigate it by applying the weighting method. In this regard, several characterization theorems are derived. Moreover, a numerical example is formulated. Based on the provided illustrative example and performing a comparative analysis of the results obtained using the weighting technique versus traditional optimization methods, we can easily conclude the effectiveness of the weighting technique in solving multiple cost optimization problems, that is, the conversion of a vector problem to a scalar one.
A Mediation Model of Food Literacy: A Potential Relationship between Body Image Dissatisfaction and Body Mass Index
Authors: Arslan Neslihan , Ayyıldız Feride , Esin Kübra
Published: July 2024

Background and Objectives: The global rise in obesity presents a significant public health challenge, with Turkey exhibiting one of the highest obesity rates in Europe. Body image dissatisfaction (BID) and lower food literacy (FL) have been associated with obesity, yet their interplay remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI), body image dissatisfaction, and FL in adults in Turkey. Materials and Methods: In total, 759 women and 419 men aged 18–64 years old were included in this study. The mean age was 31.34 ± 11.92. A total of 1178 participants completed an online questionnaire assessing anthropometric measurements, BID, using the Stunkard Figure Rating Scale, and FL, using a validated questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and mediation analysis to explore the relationships between variables in SPSS 24.0. Results: Women desired to be thinner more frequently than men, and those with negative BID were predominantly individuals with overweight or obesity. Moreover, those with higher FL scores were more likely to be satisfied with their bodies. Correlation analysis demonstrated a negative relationship between BMI and FL (r = −0.94; p = 0.001) and a positive relationship between BMI and BID (r = 0.628; p < 0.001). Mediation analysis revealed that FL mediated the relationship between BID and BMI (β = −2.281; lower limit = −3.334, upper limit = −1.228). Conclusions: The findings highlight the importance of addressing BID and enhancing FL to mitigate obesity risk factors. This study contributes to understanding the complex interplay between BID, FL, and obesity, providing insights for public health interventions aimed at obesity prevention and management.
Effects of Nutritional Status and Foods Consumed on Inflammation and Disease Activity in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Uysal Bilal , Sahin Nilay , Kara Hayrettin
Published: July 2024

Background and Objectives: This study investigated the impact of nutritional status and foods consumed on inflammation and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Materials and Methods: We designed a cross-sectional observational study, involving 110 patients diagnosed with RA. The patients included were between 18 and 75 years old, diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis two years ago or earlier, with stable treatment for the last 8 weeks. Data on anthropometric parameters, body mass composition, nutritional status, individual food consumption records, inflammation, disease activity, quality of life, clinical, and laboratory parameters were collected for each study participant. The evaluation parameters of the patients were the simple disease activity index (SDAI), clinical disease activity index (CDAI), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and individual food consumption records. A bioimpedance device and measuring tape were used to take body composition and anthropometric measurements of the patients. Results: According to the body mass index, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio, in our study, we found that 60% of the patients were obese, 80% were at a very high health risk, and approximately 91% were in need of nutritional treatment. There was a significant negative correlation between the dietary intake of total energy, total fat, omega 3, calcium, zinc, cobalamin and the disease activity (SDAI, CDAI). There was a significant negative correlation between polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega 3, carotene, vitamin E, selenium and the SII. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between omega 6 and the SII, SDAI, CDAI (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study show that the foods consumed in the nutrition of RA patients may have effects on their inflammation and disease activity.
Effects of Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease in Peritoneal Dialysis on Residual Kidney Function: In Real-World Data
Authors: Moral Berrio Esperanza , De La Flor José C. , Arambarri Segura Minerva , Rodríguez-Doyágüez Pablo , Martínez Calero Alberto , Zamora Rocío , Cieza-Terrones Michael , Yuste-Lozano Claudia , Sánchez de la Nieta García María Dolores , Nieto Iglesias Javier , Vozmediano Poyatos Carmen
Published: July 2024

Background and Objectives: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a renal replacement therapy modality in which the dialysis dose can be individually adapted according to the patients’ residual kidney function (RKF). RKF is a crucial factor for technique and patient survival. Pharmacological strategies aimed at slowing the loss of RKF in patients on PD are limited. Therefore, we aimed to assess the potential effects and safety of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors on the preservation of RKF in patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on PD during an average follow-up of 6 months. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective observational, single-center study on real-world data, we included patients from the Peritoneal Dialysis Unit of the Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, who started treatment with SGLT-2 inhibitors during the period from December 2022 to December 2023. Data on analytical and clinical parameters, RKF, and peritoneal membrane transport function were retrospectively collected at months 0, 3, and 6. Results: Out of 31 patients in our unit, 16 prevalent patients initiated treatment with SGLT-2 inhibitors (13 empagliflozin and 3 dapagliflozin). A total of 62.5% were male and the mean age was 67.3 years. The baseline peritoneal ultrafiltration was higher in the non-diabetic patient (NDMP) group than in the diabetic patient (DMP) group. However, the residual diuresis volume, 24 h residual renal clearance rate of urea in urine, and 24 h proteinuria were higher in the DMP group than in the NDMP group. At the sixth month, patients in both groups preserved RKF and diuresis, with a trend towards a non-significant reduction in proteinuria and blood pressure. Only two patients of the DMP group presented adverse effects. Conclusions: The use of SGLT-2 inhibitors in our sample of patients with and without T2DM on PD appears to be safe and effective to preserve RKF.
A Rare Case of Solitary Neurofibroma Misdiagnosed as Diabetic Foot Ulcer in the Toe Tip Region
Authors: Nam Ha-Jong , Kim Se-Young , Oh Mee-Hye , Lim Soomin , Choi Hwan-Jun
Published: July 2024

Neurofibromas, rare benign tumors of the peripheral nerve sheath, present diagnostic challenges, particularly in diabetic patients with toe ulcers. This case involves a 55-year-old female with type 2 diabetes mellitus who developed an enlarging ulcer on her right second toe. The initial evaluation suggested a diabetic ulcer; however, advanced imaging revealed a mass-like lesion. Partial excision and biopsy confirmed a neurofibroma with spindle cells within the myxoid stroma and S100 protein expression. One month later, total excision and Z-plasty reconstruction were performed under general anesthesia. The patient’s postoperative recovery was uneventful, and the patient was discharged without complications. Follow-up revealed successful healing with no recurrence or functional issues. This case highlights the importance of considering neurofibromas in the differential diagnosis of diabetic toe ulcers to avoid misdiagnosis and ensure appropriate management.
Multidisciplinary Management and Autologous Skin Grafting in a Patient with Severe Burns: A Case Study
Authors: Cangelosi Giovanni , Mancin Stefano , Bei Diego , Clementi Eleonora , Pantanetti Paola , Caggianelli Gabriele , Petrelli Fabio
Published: July 2024

Background: Heat burns are a prevalent type of trauma. Rapid and effective treatment is crucial for deep burns to minimize complications. Autologous skin grafting is a highly effective treatment for full-thickness burns. A multidisciplinary team plays a vital role in managing burn patients undergoing skin grafting, from initial contact to outpatient follow-up. Case Summary: This case study involves a 56-year-old patient who suffered burns on 60% of his body following an alcohol explosion on an open flame. The patient underwent autologous skin grafting at a Major Burn Center. Initial symptoms included severe pain and immobility, but the patient remained alert and breathed spontaneously. The diagnosis was a loss of epidermis and dermis with burns covering 60–69% of the total body surface area (TBSA) and third-degree burns covering 10% TBSA. Post-discharge, the patient showed significant improvement, with complete healing of the grafts and partial resolution of other lesions. Six months after the intervention, the patient significantly improved his autonomy and mobility. Conclusions: This case highlights the importance of burn prevention and the critical role of multidisciplinary teams in the entire care pathway of burn patients. Appropriate diagnosis, complete treatment, and continuous multidisciplinary support are essential to prevent complications and ensure recovery.
Ultrasonic-Assisted Granular Medium Forming of Aluminum Alloy 6063-T5: Simulations and Experiments
Authors: Hu Han , Yu Feng , Zhang Song , Yin Jing , Zhang Haiyan , Zhang Jiaru , Zhang Xiaonan , Cao Miaoyan , Murtaza Shahzad
Published: July 2024

To address the challenges posed by the complex shapes of hollow parts, this study examined the ultrasonic-assisted granular medium hydroforming (UGMF) process for tubular components. The dynamics of the deformation behavior and deformation control during 6063-T5 aluminum alloy tube free forming by UGMF were studied via simulations and experiments. Based on the ABAQUS software platform, a coupled method based on finite element (FE) simulation analysis and discrete element (DE) analysis for the UGMF free forming process was used. The results showed that ultrasonic vibration (UV) could reduce the forming force required for expansion and promote the flow of material at the end to the forming area as well as inhibit the decrease in the wall thickness. The accuracy of the FE-DE coupled simulation model and a parabolic geometric model was verified by testing. The results found that UV enhances material flow, decreases the forming force needed, and minimizes damage to the granular surface.
Counteracting Grey Mould (Botrytis cinerea) in Grapevine ‘Glera’ Using Three Putative Biological Control Agent Strains (Paraburkholderia sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Acinetobacter sp.): Impact on Symptoms, Yield, and Gene Expression
Authors: Mian Giovanni , Belfiore Nicola , Marcuzzo Patrick , Spinelli Francesco , Tomasi Diego , Colautti Andrea
Published: July 2024

This study examined the potential use of three bacterial strains—Paraburkholderia sp. strain CRV74, Pseudomonas sp. strain CRV21, and Acinetobacter sp. strain CRV19—as biocontrol agents of Botrytis cinerea in grapevine. These strains were selected for their ability to inhibit B. cinerea growth in vitro and used in field conditions for the control of grey mould symptoms in ‘Glera’ grapes. To this end, after inoculating these microorganisms onto plants sprayed with B. cinerea spores, the final yield, the physicochemical characteristics of the must, disease incidence, and the possible influence on the expression of plant-defence proteins were evaluated. Strain CRV21 resulted as being the most effective in combating grey mould (−20% of disease incidence). Although yield was not affected, significantly different values of total soluble solids content was observed. Additionally, a significant up-regulation of the genes PR-1, PR-5, β-1,3-glucanase, and class III chitinase was observed. These findings highlight the potential application of strains with anti-botrytis activity as sustainable alternatives to chemical defence for the control of this pathogen.
The Hypogeous Roman Archeological Museum of Positano: Study of the Evolution of Biological Threaten and Development of Adequate Control Protocols
Authors: Antonelli Federica , Iafrate Sara , Tescari Marco , Giandomenico Manuel , Kumbaric Alma , Bartolini Marco
Published: July 2024

Hypogea are natural or artificial spaces located underground often of great interest from an anthropological, archeological, religious, artistic, or historic point of view. Due to their features, these environments usually present conservative problems and biological colonization could be considered as one of the main threats. The present three-year study was carried out by specialists of the Central Institute for Restoration of Rome (ICR) in the hypogeous site preserved in the Roman Archeological Museum of Positano (Positano MAR) and focused on characterizing biological alterations present on the mural paintings; setting up efficient strategies and protocols for biodeterioration control; and monitoring the efficacy of direct and indirect interventions. Patinas with different morphologies were analyzed through microscopic observations, cultural analyses and next-generation sequencing. The results proved that the alterations comprised a great variety of microorganisms forming very distinct communities, differently distributed over space and time. The main taxa represented were bacteria of phyla Pseudomonadota and Actinomycetota, fungi belonging to the genus Fusarium and Gliocladium, and algae of the genus Chlorococcum. Preservation protocols were set up considering the alterations’ composition and included the application of biocides, limiting daily temperature changes, decreasing illuminance values on painted surfaces, and the screening of natural light sources.
Spent Mushroom Substrate Improves Microbial Quantities and Enzymatic Activity in Soils of Different Farming Systems
Authors: Pintarič Maša , Štuhec Ana , Tratnik Eva , Langerholc Tomaž
Published: July 2024

Organic fertilizers, such as spent mushroom substrate (SMS), improve soil fertility, but studies comparing their effects on different agricultural soils are limited. In this study, the effects of standard, SMS and composed fertilizers on soils from conventional–integrated, organic and biodynamic farming were investigated. Soil samples were analyzed for microorganisms and the activity of β-glucosidase (β-GLU), β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG), urease (URE), arylamidase (ARN), phosphatase (PHOS), acid phosphatase (PAC), alkaline phosphatase (PAH) and arylsulphatase (ARS). Biodynamic soil showed the highest microbial counts and enzyme activities, followed by organic and conventional soils. SMS significantly increased the number of microorganisms and enzyme activities, especially in biodynamic and organic soils. Seasonal variations affected all microorganisms and most enzymes in all soils, except NAG in conventional and organic soils. Biodynamic soil showed stable activity of enzymes and microorganisms throughout the year, indicating greater stability. This study concludes that soil microorganisms and enzyme activities respond differently to fertilization depending on the soil type, with SMS demonstrating beneficial effects in all tested soils.
Editorial: Advances in Mineral Carbonation
Authors: Rashid Muhammad Imran , Oliver Timothy , Farhang Faezeh
Published: July 2024

Mineral carbonation stands out as a prominent technology aimed at reducing atmospheric CO2 emissions, a major contributor to the greenhouse effect, through a variety of processes [...]
Image Processing Analysis of Plant Morphometry with Examples from the Genus Sedum (Crassulaceae)
Authors: Borcă Mădălina , Borcă Alexandru , Ciobica Alin , Halitchi Gabriela , Stoie Andrei
Published: July 2024

The complex systematics of the genus Sedum, the difficulties of its classification and the ambiguity of the concrete identification of the taxa brought about the need to implement a measurement system adaptable to field conditions, so as to facilitate the accuracy of data collection, avoiding the etiolation of samples and, therefore, the deterioration of the morphological structures subject to analysis. Thus, our study describes a digitization of the classic method of making measurements using millimeter paper, thus facilitating the subsequent statistical processing of quantifiable values. Depending on the number of pixels in the photos taken and the pixel/millimeter ratio, a variable measurement scale can be created depending on the size of the analyzed taxomes. The method used adds to the classic taxonomy, which is based on the analysis of morphological characteristics to determine the species of these succulent plants. The applicability of our method is shown by means of the example of an analysis performed on the flowers of the native species of the genus Sedum in the territory of Romania.
Serological Screening of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Several Mammalian Species in Wilhelma Zoo, Stuttgart, Germany
Authors: Italiya Jignesh , Knauf-Witzens Tobias , Weigold Annika , Černý Jiří
Published: July 2024

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) affects both humans and a wide range of mammalian species globally. Between July 2022 and January 2023, fifteen blood samples were collected from twelve different animal species during veterinary examinations, as well as for health control at Wilhelma Zoo, Germany. These samples were later analyzed for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The serum analysis from two gorillas indicated the presence of antibodies specific to the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2, suggesting previous infection. These gorillas were sampled in August and September 2022, during which time they exhibited symptoms such as apathy, anorexia, vomiting, and moderate diarrhea—symptoms not typically associated with COVID-19. Given that several periods of other unusual signs have been observed in the gorillas kept in Wilhelma Zoo since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, it remains uncertain whether these symptoms were directly related to SARS-CoV-2 infection or if these gorillas underwent clinically inapparent infection before. Nonetheless, this study underscores the importance of ongoing animal screening in zoos to better understand the spread of SARS-CoV-2 among different animal species.
Hegel’s Keplerian Revolution in Philosophy
Authors: Redding Paul
Published: July 2024

In this paper, I approach Hegel’s philosophy under the banner of a “Keplerian Revolution”, the implicit reference being, of course, to Kant’s supposed Copernican philosophical revolution. Kepler had been an early supporter of the Copernican paradigm in astronomy, but went well beyond his predecessor, and so is invoked here in an attempt to capture some of the important ways in which Hegel attempted to go beyond the philosophy of Kant. To make these issues more determinate, however, Hegel’s Keplerian orientation will not be presented in its contrast to Kant’s “Copernicanism” as such, but as contrasted with that of another early follower of Copernicus, Giordano Bruno, and this Brunian orientation will be used to characterize Kant’s philosophy as seen from Hegel’s rival Keplerian point of view. Interpreting Hegel as a philosophical Keplerian will require that we broach those worrisome aspects of Kepler’s astronomy, namely his support for Plato’s cosmology and the tradition of the “music of the spheres”, but this will be shown to have connections to Hegel’s own approach to logic. This in turn will help shed light on the meaning of Hegel’s form of idealism and, in particular, on its usually unacknowledged Platonic dimensions.
Heat Stress and Plant–Biotic Interactions: Advances and Perspectives
Authors: Shelake Rahul Mahadev , Wagh Sopan Ganpatrao , Patil Akshay Milind , Červený Jan , Waghunde Rajesh Ramdas , Kim Jae-Yean
Published: July 2024

Climate change presents numerous challenges for agriculture, including frequent events of plant abiotic stresses such as elevated temperatures that lead to heat stress (HS). As the primary driving factor of climate change, HS threatens global food security and biodiversity. In recent years, HS events have negatively impacted plant physiology, reducing plant’s ability to maintain disease resistance and resulting in lower crop yields. Plants must adapt their priorities toward defense mechanisms to tolerate stress in challenging environments. Furthermore, selective breeding and long-term domestication for higher yields have made crop varieties vulnerable to multiple stressors, making them more susceptible to frequent HS events. Studies on climate change predict that concurrent HS and biotic stresses will become more frequent and severe in the future, potentially occurring simultaneously or sequentially. While most studies have focused on singular stress effects on plant systems to examine how plants respond to specific stresses, the simultaneous occurrence of HS and biotic stresses pose a growing threat to agricultural productivity. Few studies have explored the interactions between HS and plant–biotic interactions. Here, we aim to shed light on the physiological and molecular effects of HS and biotic factor interactions (bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, nematodes, insect pests, pollinators, weedy species, and parasitic plants), as well as their combined impact on crop growth and yields. We also examine recent advances in designing and developing various strategies to address multi-stress scenarios related to HS and biotic factors.
Applications of LIF to Document Natural Variability of Chlorophyll Content and Cu Uptake in Moss
Authors: Truax Kelly , Dulai Henrietta , Misra Anupam , Kuhne Wendy , Smith Celia , Bongolan-Aquino Ciara
Published: July 2024

Chlorophyll has long been used as a natural indicator of plant health and photosynthetic efficiency. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is an emerging technique for understanding broad spectrum organic processes and has more recently been used to monitor chlorophyll response in plants. Previous work has focused on developing a LIF technique for imaging moss mats to identify metal contamination with the current focus shifting toward application to moss fronds and aiding sample collection for chemical analysis. Two laser systems (CoCoBi a Nd:YGa pulsed laser system and Chl-SL with two blue continuous semiconductor diodes) were used to collect images of moss fronds exposed to increasing levels of Cu (1, 10, and 100 nmol/cm2) using a CMOS camera. The best methods for the preprocessing of images were conducted before the analysis of fluorescence signatures were compared to a control. The Chl-SL system performed better than the CoCoBi, with dynamic time warping (DTW) proving the most effective for image analysis. Manual thresholding to remove lower decimal code values improved the data distributions and proved whether using one or two fronds in an image was more advantageous. A higher DTW difference from the control correlated to lower chlorophyll a/b ratios and a higher metal content, indicating that LIF, with the aid of image processing, can be an effective technique for identifying Cu contamination shortly after an event.
TkJAZs-TkMYC2-TkSRPP/REF Regulates the Biosynthesis of Natural Rubber in Taraxacum kok-saghyz
Authors: Wu Yulin , Dong Gaoquan , Luo Fengqi , Xie Hao , Li Xiaodong , Yan Jie
Published: July 2024

Taraxacum kok-saghyz (TKS) is a natural rubber (NR)-producing plant and a model plant for studying the biosynthesis of NR. Analyzing and studying the biosynthetic mechanism of NR is an important way to cultivate high-yield rubber TKS varieties. JAZ proteins, which belong to the Jasmonate ZIM domain family, function as negative regulators in the jasmonic acid (JA) signal transduction pathway. MYC2 is typically regarded as a regulatory factor for the target genes of JAZ proteins; JAZ proteins indirectly influence the gene expression regulated by MYC2 by modulating its activity. Theoretically, JAZ is expected to participate in growth, development, and responses to environmental cues related to rubber and biomass accumulation in TKS, all of which rely on the interaction between JAZ and MYC2. In this study, we identified 11 TkJAZs through homology searching of the TKS genomes and bioinformatics analyses. Subcellular localization, Y2H, and BiFC analysis demonstrate that TkJAZs and TkMYC2 are localized in the nucleus, with all TkJAZs and TkMYC2 showing nuclear colocalization interactions. Overexpression of TkMYC2 in TKS inhibited leaf development, promoted root growth, and simultaneously increased NR production. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the TkSRPP/REF genes exhibit varying degrees of upregulation compared to the wild type, upregulating the TkREF1 gene by 3.7-fold, suggesting that TkMYC2 regulates the synthesis of NR by modulating the TkSRPP/REF genes.
Optimizing Agronomic Management Practices for Enhanced Radiation Capture and Improved Radiation Use Efficiency in Winter Wheat
Authors: Xu Haicheng , Liu Mei , Li Chuanxing , Tang Yuhai , Xue Qiqin , Xiao Wanli , Gao Dongyao , Peng Dianliang , Dai Xinglong
Published: July 2024

Increased aboveground biomass is contingent on enhanced photosynthetically active radiation intercepted by the canopy (IPAR), improved radiation use efficiency (RUE), or both. We investigated whether and how optimized agronomic management practices promote IPAR and RUE. Four integrated agronomic management treatments, i.e., local traditional practice (LP), improved local traditional practice (ILP), high-yield agronomic management (HY), and improved high-yield agronomic management (IHY), were compared over two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growing seasons. The average grain yield obtained with IHY was 96% relative to that of HY and was 7% and 23% higher than that with ILP and LP, respectively. Both HY and IHY consistently supported large values of the leaf area index and IPAR fraction, thereby increasing total IPAR. Treatment HY showed increased pre-anthesis RUE, manifested as a higher specific leaf nitrogen content and whole-plant N nutrition index at anthesis. The highest pre-anthesis aboveground biomass was obtained with HY due to the highest pre-anthesis IPAR and RUE. Along with a higher canopy apparent photosynthetic rate, IHY produced higher post-anthesis aboveground biomass due to its higher post-anthesis IPAR and RUE. Treatment IHY had a slightly lower total IPAR but a similar total RUE and harvest index, thus producing a slightly lower grain yield relative to HY. These results demonstrate that the optimized agronomic management practice used under IHY effectively enhances radiation capture and improves radiation utilization. Additionally, the net profit for IHY was higher than that for HY, ILP, and LP by 8%, 11%, and 88%, respectively. Considering the high grain yield, high RUE and high economic benefits, we recommend IHY as the agronomic management practice in the target region, although further study of improvements in pre-anthesis RUE is required.
Bio-Based Materials as a Sustainable Solution for the Remediation of Contaminated Marine Sediments: An LCA Case Study
Authors: Di Clemente Milvia Elena , Barjoveanu George , Todaro Francesco , Notarnicola Michele , Teodosiu Carmen
Published: July 2024

Contaminated sediments may induce long-term risks to humans and ecosystems due to the accumulation of priority and emerging inorganic and organic pollutants having toxic and bio-accumulation properties that could become a secondary pollution source. This study focused on the screening of novel bio-based materials to be used in the decontamination of marine sediments considering technical and environmental criteria. It aimed to compare the environmental impacts of cellulose-based adsorbents produced at lab scale by using different syntheses protocols that involved cellulose functionalization by oxidation and branching, followed by structuring of an aerogel-like material via Soxhlet extraction and freeze-drying or their combination. As model pollutants, we used 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, 4-nitrophenol, methylene blue, and two heavy metals, i.e., cadmium and chromium. When comparing the three materials obtained by only employing the Soxhlet extractor with different solvents (without freeze-dying), it was observed that the material obtained with methanol did not have a good structure and was rigid and more compact than the others. A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was conducted to evaluate the environmental performance of the novel materials. Apart from the hierarchical categorization of the materials based on their technical and environmental performance in eliminating organic pollutants and heavy metal ions, it was demonstrated that the cellulose-based material obtained via Soxhlet extraction with ethanol was a better choice, since it had lower environmental impacts and highest adsorption capacity for the model pollutants. LCA is a useful tool to optimize the sustainability of sorbent materials alongside lab-scale experiments and confirms that the right direction to produce new performant and sustainable adsorbent materials involves not only choosing wastes as starting materials, but also optimizing the consumption of electricity used for the production processes. The main results also highlight the need for precise data in LCA studies based on lab-scale processes and the potential for small-scale optimization to reduce the environmental impacts.
Chitosan/Hyaluronate Complex-Coated Electrospun Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Materials Containing Extracts from Melissa officinalis and/or Hypericum perforatum with Various Biological Activities: Antioxidant, Antibacterial and In Vitro Anticancer Effects
Authors: Anastasova Ina , Ignatova Milena , Manolova Nevena , Rashkov Iliya , Markova Nadya , Toshkova Reneta , Georgieva Ani , Kamenova-Nacheva Mariana , Trendafilova Antoaneta , Ivanova Viktoria , Doncheva Tsvetelina
Published: July 2024

The present study aimed to fabricate innovative fibrous materials with various biological activities from poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), sodium hyaluronate (HA), chitosan (Ch), Melissa officinalis (MO), Hypericum perforatum (HP) extract, or a combination of both extracts. Electrospinning or electrospinning followed by dip coating and the subsequent formation of a polyelectrolyte complex were the methods used to prepare these materials. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR–FTIR) were applied for investigating the morphology of materials, their thermal characteristics, and their surface chemical composition. The composition and design of the mats had an influence on the in vitro release behavior of the main bioactive compounds present in the MO and HP extracts incorporated in the materials. It was found that as-created materials comprising a combination of both extracts and a Ch/HA complex exerted higher antioxidant activity than that of (non-)coated MO-containing mats and Ch/HA-coated mats containing HP. The novel materials manifested antibacterial efficacy towards the pathogenic bacteria S. aureus and E. coli, as evidenced by the performed microbiological screening. Furthermore, the mats possessed a great growth inhibitory effect on HeLa cancer cells but had a less pronounced effect on the growth of normal mouse BALB/3T3 fibroblasts. The loading of both extracts in the mats and the formation of coating led to the enhancement of the in vitro anticancer and antibacterial activities of the materials. Thus, the novel materials have potential for use in local cancer therapy as well as for use as wound dressings.
Hybrid Soft Ballistic Panel Packages with Integrated Graphene-Modified Para-Aramid Fabric Layers in Combinations with the Different Ballistic Kevlar Textiles
Authors: Kukle Silvija , Valisevskis Aleksandrs , Briedis Ugis , Balgale Ilze , Bake Ieva
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the research discussed in this article is to explore the possibility of creating hybrid soft ballistic panel (BP) package variants by integrating into their composition layers of graphene-modified para-aramid fabrics in combinations with the different ballistic Kevlar textiles to improve the durability of the first layers of the soft ballistic panel. To address this goal, the liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) method was used for integrating dispersions into composites to solve a number of topical problems in the stages of the technological sequence development of processing methods and optimizing processing parameters in accordance with the processing specifics of aramid textiles to achieve the desired properties of modified ballistic fabric, including the provision of coating adhesion to the surface to be modified. To test the results, ballistic experiments were performed and the back-face signature (BFS) of bullet impact on a backing material was analysed according to standards. Bullet impacts on the first ballistic protective fabric layers were also studied.
Effect of Metastable Intermolecular Composites on the Thermal Decomposition of Glycidyl Azide Polymer Energetic Thermoplastic Elastomer
Authors: Sang Chao , Luo Yunjun
Published: July 2024

Glycidyl azide polymer energetic thermoplastic elastomer (GAP-ETPE) has become a research hotspot due to its excellent comprehensive performance. In this paper, metastable intermolecular energetic nanocomposites (MICs) were prepared by a simple and safe method, and the catalytic performance for decomposition of GAP-ETPE was studied. An X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the MICs exhibited specific crystal formation, which proved that the MICs were successfully prepared. Morphology, surface area, and pore structure analysis showed that the Al/copper ferrite and Al/Fe2O3 MICs had a large specific surface area mesoporous structure. The Al/CuO MICs did not have a mesoporous structure or a large surface area. The structure of MICs led to their different performance for the GAP-ETPE decomposition catalysis. The increase in specific surface area is a benefit of the catalytic performance. Due to the easier formation of complexes, MICs containing Cu have better catalytic performance for GAP-ETPE decomposition than those containing Fe. The conclusions of this study can provide a basis for the adjustment of the catalytic performance of MICs in GAP-ETPE propellants.
An Analysis of the Displacements in 3D-Printed PLA Acoustic Guitars
Authors: Burgos-Pintos Álvaro , Fernández-Zacarías Francisco , Mayuet Pedro F. , Hernández-Molina Ricardo , Rodríguez-Parada Lucía
Published: July 2024

This study focuses on the analysis of the displacements generated in 3D-printed acoustic guitar tops. Specifically, the influence of 3D printing direction parameters on the vibrational behavior of a guitar top designed for polylactic acid (PLA) by analyzing five points of the top surface at a reduced scale. For this purpose, finite element tests and laboratory experiments have been carried out to support the study. After analyzing the results, it can be affirmed that the vibrational response in reduced-scale top plates can be modified and controlled by varying the printing direction angle in additive manufacturing, providing relevant information about the displacement in the vibrational response of PLA acoustic guitars. Furthermore, this work shows that the behavior of a specific acoustic guitar design can be characterized according to a specific need.
Bio-Based Epoxy Vitrimers with Excellent Properties of Self-Healing, Recyclability, and Welding
Authors: Xia Jianrong , Li Shuyun , Gao Renjin , Zhang Yuchi , Wang Liwei , Ye Yuansong , Cao Changlin , Xue Hanyu
Published: July 2024

The development of more recyclable materials is a key requirement for a transition towards a more circular economy. Thanks to exchange reactions, vitrimer, an attractive alternative for recyclable materials, is an innovative class of polymers that is able to change its topology without decreasing its connectivity. In this work, a bisphenol compound (VP) was prepared from saturated cardanol, i.e., 3−pentadecylphenol and vanillyl alcohol. Then, VP was epoxidized to obtain epoxide (VPGE). Finally, VPGE and citric acid (CA) were polymerized in the presence of catalyst TBD to prepare a fully bio−based vitrimer based on transesterification. The results from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the VPGE/CA system could be crosslinked at around 163 °C. The cardanol−derived vitrimers had good network rearrangement properties. Meanwhile, because of the dynamic structural elements in the network, the material was endowed with excellent self−healing, welding, and recyclability.
Investigation of the Use of Mycelial Filler with Different Cultivation Times for the Filtration of Particulate Airflow
Authors: Chlebnikovas Aleksandras , Gavenauskas Matas , Motiejūnaitė Jurga , Jasevičius Raimondas , Vaišis Vaidotas
Published: July 2024

Balanced and sustainable development has challenges in utilizing the best efficiency technologies, using new types of materials with reduced environmental impact, including composite types, reusable materials, and easily recyclable consumer adaptable products. One understudied biologically produced material is mycelium, the scientifically studied and improved cultivation of which produces an environmentally friendly material with unique properties with a wide range of applications. In this work, filtration fillers from mycelia of different cultivation periods and their abilities to filter airflow from solid particles were experimentally studied. Numerical modeling studied the interaction and trapping of particles in the flow with the surface of mycelium filters. The results of the research revealed a high airflow filtration efficiency of more than 91%, as well as differences and advantages in the properties and structure of mycelia of different growth periods, and the need for further study of this biomaterial.
Utilizing Limestone Alone for Integrated CO2 Capture and Reverse Water-Gas Reaction in a Fixed Bed Reactor: Employing Mass and Gas Signal Analysis
Authors: Wang Iwei , Wang Shihui , Li Zhenshan
Published: July 2024

The integrated CO2 capture and utilization coupled with the reverse water-gas shift reaction (ICCU-RWGS) presents an alternative pathway for converting captured CO2 into CO in situ. This study investigates the effectiveness of three calcium-based materials (natural limestone, sol-gel CaCO3, and commercial CaCO3) as dual-functional materials (DFMs) for the ICCU-RWGS process at intermediate temperatures (650–750 °C). Our approach involves a fixed-bed reactor coupled with mass spectrometry and in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements to examine cyclic CO2 capture behavior, detailed physical and chemical properties, and morphology. The in situ FTIR results revealed the dominance of the RWGS route and exhibited self-catalytic activity across all calcium-based materials. Particularly, the natural limestone demonstrated a CO yield of 12.7 mmol g−1 with 100% CO selectivity and 81% CO2 conversion. Over the 20th cycle, a decrease in CO2 capture capacity was observed: sol-gel CaCO3, natural limestone, and commercial CaCO3 showed reductions of 44%, 61%, and 59%, respectively. This suggests inevitable deactivation during cyclic reactions in the ICCU-RWGS process, while the skeleton structure effectively prevents agglomeration in Ca-based materials, particularly in sol-gel CaCO3. These insights, coupled with the cost-effectiveness of CaO-alone DFMs, offer promising avenues for efficient and economically viable ICCU-RWGS processes.
Pelletized Straw for Biogas Production—Substrate Characterization and Methane Formation Potential
Authors: Gievers Fabian , Walz Meike , Loewe Kirsten , Loewen Achim
Published: July 2024

The use of agricultural residues in biogas plants is becoming increasingly important, as they represent an efficient and sustainable substrate alternative. Pelletizing straw can have positive effects on transportation, handling, and biogas production. In this study, different grain straw pellets from mobile and stationary pelleting plants in Germany as well as the corresponding untreated straw were characterized and investigated for their suitability for anaerobic digestion (AD). Therefore, tests on the biochemical methane potential (BMP) and the chemical–physical characterization of unpelletized straw and straw pellets were carried out. The characterization of the pellets and the straw revealed a high average total solid content of 91.8% for the industrially produced straw pellets and of 90.8% for the straw. The particle size distribution within the tested pellet samples varied greatly depending on the pelleting process and the pre-treatment of the straw. In addition, a high C/N ratio of 91:1 on average was determined for the straw pellets, whereas the average higher heating value (HHV) content of the pellets was 17.58 MJ kg−1. In the BMP tests, the methane production yields ranged from 260–319 normal liter (NL) CH4 kg−1 volatile solids (VS) for the straw pellets and between 262 and 289 NL CH4 kg−1 VS for the unpelletized straw. Overall, pelleting increases the methane yield on average from 274 to 286 NL CH4 kg−1 VS, which corresponds to an increase in methane yield of 4.3%. Based on the results, the feasibility of using straw pellets for AD could be confirmed, which can facilitate the possibility of increased biogas production from agricultural residues such as straw pellets and thus make the substrate supply more sustainable.
The Future of Intelligent Healthcare: A Systematic Analysis and Discussion on the Integration and Impact of Robots Using Large Language Models for Healthcare
Authors: Pashangpour Souren , Nejat Goldie
Published: July 2024

The potential use of large language models (LLMs) in healthcare robotics can help address the significant demand put on healthcare systems around the world with respect to an aging demographic and a shortage of healthcare professionals. Even though LLMs have already been integrated into medicine to assist both clinicians and patients, the integration of LLMs within healthcare robots has not yet been explored for clinical settings. In this perspective paper, we investigate the groundbreaking developments in robotics and LLMs to uniquely identify the needed system requirements for designing health-specific LLM-based robots in terms of multi-modal communication through human–robot interactions (HRIs), semantic reasoning, and task planning. Furthermore, we discuss the ethical issues, open challenges, and potential future research directions for this emerging innovative field.
Reconstruction of Baltic Gridded Sea Levels from Tide Gauge and Altimetry Observations Using Spatiotemporal Statistics from Reanalysis
Authors: Elken Jüri , Barzandeh Amirhossein , Maljutenko Ilja , Rikka Sander
Published: July 2024

A method for reconstructing weekly Baltic gridded sea levels was developed and tested. This method uses input data from tide gauge and altimetry observations. The reconstruction is based on sea level empirical orthogonal function (EOF) modes, calculated as spatiotemporal statistics from daily model reanalysis results available from the Copernicus Marine Service for the 1993–2021 period. In the semi-enclosed, tideless Baltic Sea, the four leading EOF modes cover 99% of the sea level variance. Several experiments with different combinations of input data were carried out. This method was validated against coastal tide gauges and altimetry data. The best reconstruction was obtained when both the tide gauges and altimetry data were used as inputs. An assessment of the centered root-mean-square difference (cRMSD) of the reconstruction versus the tide gauges revealed a value of 0.05 m, and a result of 0.10 m was revealed versus altimetry. The average coefficient of determination (R2) was determined to be 0.93 for the tide gauges and 0.82 for the altimetry data. In the cases where only one type of input data was used, the reconstruction worsened with respect to other data sources. The reconstruction method demonstrated its usefulness for the reconstruction of coastal sea levels in unsampled locations and the calculation of changes in sea volume.