bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UTILIZAÇÃO DE APARELHOS DE AMPLIFICAÇÃO SONORA INDIVIDUAL EM IDOSOS RESIDENTES NO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Soldera Cristina Loureiro Chaves , Teixeira Adriane Ribeiro , Bós Ângelo José Gonçalves
Published: January 2021

Este estudo teve o objetivo de verificar a associação do uso deaparelho auditivo a sexo, faixa etária, atividades sociais/laborais,de lazer e autopercepção de saúde e audição em idosos. Foramentrevistados 7315 idosos em 59 cidades do Rio Grande do Sul.Os dados foram coletados na pesquisa Perfil dos Idosos do RioGrande do Sul, que foi desenvolvida entre os anos de 2010 e 2011pelo Instituto de Geriatria e Gerontologia da PUCRS em parceriacom a Escola de Saúde Pública do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul.Os critérios de inclusão foram ter 60 anos e mais de idade e aceitar participar da pesquisa. Quando o idoso apresentava comprometimento cognitivo e de comunicação, familiares foram entrevistados. O questionário utilizado foi elaborado a partir do Guia Global Cidade Amiga do Idoso (OMS, 2008). A entrevista incluía questões a respeito da autopercepção de audição e saúde geral, do uso de próteses auditivas, da participação em atividades sociais e/ou laborais, de hábitos de lazer (assistir televisão e ouvir rádio) e de dados sociodemográficos. Verificou-se que apenas 3,8% dos idosos utilizavam aparelho auditivo. Houve associação significativa (p<0,001) entre o uso de aparelho auditivo e faixa etária, atividade laboral e/ou social e autopercepção de saúde e de audição.
PRIVAÇÃO E PLASTICIDADE SENSORIAL AUDITIVA EM IDOSOS: POTENCIAIS CORTICAIS E QUESTIONÁRIOS DE AUTOAVALIAÇÃO
Authors: Figueiredo Sabrina Suellen Rolim , Boechat Edilene Marchini
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: Determinar os efeitos da privação sensorial auditiva e o uso de amplificação em adultos e idosos com perda auditiva sensorioneural. Métodos: Os sujeitos foram avaliados pelo registro dos Potenciais Evocados Auditivos de Longa Latência logo após o diagnóstico da perda auditiva e após um mês de uso dos aparelhos auditivos, considerando o período de aclimatização. Participaram 20 indivíduos, novos usuários de aparelhos auditivos com idades entre 28 e 88 anos, com perdas auditivas de grau moderado a severo. Resultados: Foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os valores dos componentes N2 e P3 nos registros realizados antes e depois do uso da amplificação para cada orelha em todos os sujeitos. Não foram encontradas relações estatisticamente significantes entre N2 e P3 e as variáveis idade, duração da privação auditiva e o tempo de uso dos aparelhos auditivos. Conclusão: Os efeitos da privação auditiva e do uso da amplificação puderam ser observados pelas mudanças nos valores de latência dos Potenciais Evocados Auditivos de Longa Latência nos componentes N2 e P3. O uso da amplificação como estimulação efetiva pode prevenir ou minimizar a privação auditiva em adultos e idosos deficientes auditivos e pode ser considerado essencial para a plasticidade do Sistema Nervoso Auditivo Central.
ENVELHECIMENTO, SEXUALIDADE E QUALIDADE DE VIDA: revisão da literatura
Authors: Rodrigues Patricia Cruz , Andrade Shirley Barros Conceição , Fato Ana Cristina Mancussi e
Published: January 2021

Este estudo tem como objetivos verificar a produção de conhecimento, por meio de levantamento bibliográfico, de artigos publicados utilizando os descritores sexualidade, envelhecimento e qualidade de vida; e caracterizar os artigos encontrados em periódicos nacionais e internacionais quanto ao tipo e natureza do estudo, conteúdo abordado, formação profissional, acadêmica, gênero dos autores e local de publicação. Foi realizada uma pesquisa do tipo levantamento bibliográfico, com a leitura exaustiva de artigos na íntegra em português e inglês, realizada em duas etapas, sendo a etapa 1 a pesquisa em Bases Eletrônicas no período de 1997 a 2007, e a etapa 2 o levantamento e análise de periódicos sobre geriatria ou gerontologia disponíveis na Biblioteca Wanda de Aguiar Horta da Escola de Enfermagem da USP no período de 1992 a 2007. Foram encontrados sete artigos em português e 15 em inglês. Dentre os artigos nacionais, 46,4% dos autores são médicos, e 32,1% são psicólogos. Nos artigos em inglês, verificou-se que 47,7% dos autores eram médicos, e 18,1% enfermeiros; e maior diversidade nas profissões referidas pelos autores. Quanto ao gênero nos artigos em português, verificou-se equivalência entre homens e mulheres; e nos artigos em inglês, há predomínio de autoras, com 63,7%. A busca bibliográfica de artigos publicados em português e inglês revelou ainda a escassez de produção de conhecimento relacionada aos descritores em saúde envelhecimento, sexualidade e qualidade de vida.
FATORES RELACIONADOS À QUALIDADE DE VIDA DA MULHER IDOSA NO MUNICÍPIO DE GUANAMBI (BA)
Authors: Rêgo Santos Núbia Rêgo , Leal de Souza Cinoélia Leal , Aline Ferreira Simone Aline , Pereira Alves Jaqueline Pereira , Neves Reis Victor Neves , Santos da Silva Elaine Santos
Published: January 2021

A qualidade de vida é um conjunto de fatores subjetivos e objetivos, que deve ser avaliada, sobretudo no envelhecimento, para compreender as necessidades de vida e saúde dos idosos e propor estratégias de melhoria da qualidade de vida de cada indivíduo. Objetivo: analisar os fatores relacionados à qualidade de vida da mulher idosa na cidade de Guanambi (BA), no ano de 2016. Materiais e Métodos: estudo quantitativo, transversal e de caráter descritivo, realizado com 550 idosas. Os instrumentos utilizados na coleta de dados foram um formulário semi-estruturado de diagnóstico situacional e o World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-Bref) para mensurar a qualidade de vida desse segmento populacional. A análise foi realizada por meio da estatística univariada, com cálculos de Qui-Quadrado χ2, e regressão logística simples. Resultados: As idosas eram em sua maioria analfabetas, aposentadas, sem cônjuge, negras, vivendo em lares multigeracionais e 68,2% com uma percepção positiva quanto a sua qualidade de vida, mesmo vivendo em situações adversas. Os fatores que estiveram relacionados à qualidade de vida foram os sociodemográficos, condições de saúde e o estilo de vida, sendo que esses fatores apresentados negativamente contribuem para maior incapacidade, vulnerabilidade e dependência da idosa. Conclusão: O bem-estar da idosa é afetado pela redução de recursos nas dimensões educacionais, psicossociais e econômicas, com isso, a pesquisa sinalizou a necessidade de implantação de ações, voltadas para assistência de saúde, atividades recreativas e de socialização, que possibilitem autonomia e independência, para a melhoria da qualidade de vida.
RELAÇÃO ENTRE ESTADO COGNITIVO E VARIÁVEIS SOCIODEMOGRÁFICAS E FUNCIONAIS EM IDOSOS LONGEVOS: ESTUDO OBSERVACIONAL NO MUNICÍPIO DE PORTO ALEGRE/RS
Authors: Steffens Tainara , Molinari Talita , Dias Caroline Pietta
Published: January 2021

Introdução: com o aumento da expectativa de vida, o número de idosos longevos vem aumentando. O envelhecimento é considerado um processo natural que afeta a maioria dos organismos vivos, e provoca perdas progressivas das funções. Dentre estas funções podemos destacar algumas alterações de ordem mental e neurológica, como também redução da capacidade funcional e autonomia nas atividades de vida diária. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a associação entre o estado cognitivo, variáveis sociodemográficas e o nível de dependência funcional em idosos longevos. Materiais e métodos: os idosos foram selecionados por acessibilidade em Estratégias Saúde da Família, Instituições de Longa Permanência e anúncios públicos. Foram realizadas entrevistas domiciliares e aplicados os seguintes instrumentos: 1) Avaliação sociodemográfica; 2) Mini Exame do Estado Mental; 3) Índice de Katz; e 4) Escala de Lawton e Brody. Resultados: foram avaliados 66 idosos com idade média de 94,89 ± 4,16 anos, na sua maioria do sexo feminino, residentes em domicílios, com escolaridade de 1 a 4 anos e aposentados. Para as avaliações, a maioria dos idosos foram classificados sem declínio cognitivo, apresentando independência nas atividades básicas da vida diária e independência parcial nas atividades Instrumentais da vida diária. O estado cognitivo apresentou uma correlação fraca e positiva com o local de moradia dos idosos (r = 0,314, p < 0,01) e correlação positiva e moderada com as atividades básicas (r = 0,450, p < 0,01) e instrumentais da vida diária (r = 0,433, p < 0,01). Conclusão: o estado cognitivo apresentou associação significativa com o local de moradia e com as atividades básicas e instrumentais da vida diária, sugerindo que morar no domicílio e possuir boa independência funcional associam-se a um menor declínio cognitivo.
APTIDÃO FÍSICA DE IDOSOS FREQUENTADORES DE UM PROGRAMA MULTICOMPONENTE COM DIFERENTES VOUMES DE TREINAMENTOS
Authors: Martins Valério Feijó , Sbeghen Isadora Loch , Oliveira Mariana Oliveira de , Possamai Vanessa Dias , Gonçalves Andréa Krüger
Published: January 2021

Programas de atividades físicas são evidenciados como forma de possibilitar aos idosos melhora da aptidão física e saúde, porém poucos estudos na literatura esclarecem os principais resultados relacionados ao volume de treinamento. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é comparar a aptidão física de idosos frequentadores de um programa multicomponente com diferentes volumes de treinamentos. O estudo é do tipo quase-experimental, sendo a amostra composta por 149 idosos, com média de idade de 72,7 ± 7,6 anos, divididos em dois grupos: Grupo 1: participantes de uma modalidade; Grupo 2: participantes de duas modalidades, todos alunos de um programa de extensão universitária. Para avaliar a aptidão física, foi utilizada a bateria Senior Fitness Test. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva para a análise dos resultados, com média e desvio padrão, além de Teste t para amostras dependentes referente ao pré e pós teste (p ≤ 0.05). Na comparação entre grupos, o Grupo 2 indicou melhores níveis de aptidão física em todas variáveis (exceto FLEXMS), no pré como no pós-teste. Na análise intergrupo, houve diferença estatisticamente significante, em ambos os grupos nos componentes: FMI, EA, RA. Ainda que o Grupo 2 tenha apresentado uma média maior nos testes, conclui-se que independente do volume de treino houve resultados positivos, de modo que os grupos apresentaram uma aptidão física distinta no início e no final do estudo.
PREVALÊNCIA DE INCONTINÊNCIA URINÁRIA EM IDOSOS NO BRASIL NOS ÚLTIMOS 10 ANOS: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Paiva Luciana Laureano , Rodrigues Marina Petter , Bessel Thaíse
Published: January 2021

Introdução: a idade é um dos fatores que predispõe ao surgimento da incontinência urinária (IU), especialmente a IU de urgência e IU mista. Considerando o aumento da expectativa de vida, estima-se que a prevalência de IU também irá aumentar, sendo necessário o desenvolvimento de estratégias de saúde adequadas para este tipo de condição. Objetivo: revisar estudos que verificaram a prevalência de incontinência urinária em idosos no Brasil nos últimos 10 anos. Materiais e métodos: foi realizada uma revisão sistemática que utilizou as bases de dados PubMed, Scielo, Google Acadêmico e buscas manuais nas referências dos estudos encontrados. Foram incluídos artigos publicados em português e inglês entre 2011 e 2016. Resultados: foram identificados 11 estudos e a prevalência de incontinência urinária variou dependendo do seu subtipo, da idade e do sexo dos idosos, tendo uma taxa entre 29,4% e 65%. O International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire – Short Form (ICIQ-SF) e entrevistas elaboradas pelos pesquisadores foram os instrumentos mais utilizados. O índice de massa corpórea (IMC), diabetes, hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) e o número de partos foram relatados como fatores que influenciaram a prevalência de idosos com incontinência urinária. Conclusão: os achados mostraram uma alta prevalência de incontinência urinária em idosos. Estudos futuros são necessários para identificar fatores relacionados a estes achados e a utilização de instrumentos padronizados para a evidenciação da incontinência urinária.
Comparing headwater stream thermal sensitivity across two contrasting lithologies in Northern California
Authors: Wissler Austin , Segura Catalina , Bladon Kevin
Published: January 2021

Understanding drivers of thermal regimes in headwater streams is
critical for a comprehensive understanding of freshwater ecological
condition and habitat resilience to disturbance, and to inform
sustainable forest management policies and decisions. However, stream
temperatures may vary depending on characteristics of the stream,
catchment, or region. To improve our knowledge of the key drivers of
stream thermal regime, we collected stream and air temperature data
along eight headwater streams in two regions with distinct lithology,
climate, and riparian vegetation. Five streams were in the Northern
California Coast Range at the Caspar Creek Experimental Watershed Study,
which is characterized by permeable sandstone lithology. Three streams
were in the Cascade Range at the LaTour Demonstration State Forest,
which is characterized by fractured and resistant basalt lithology. We
instrumented each stream with 12 stream temperature and four air
temperature sensors during summer 2018. Our objectives were to compare
stream thermal regimes and thermal sensitivity—slope of the linear
regression relationship between daily stream and air
temperature—within and between both study regions. Mean daily stream
temperatures were ~4.7 °C warmer in the Coast Range but
were less variable (SD = 0.7 °C) compared to the Cascade Range (SD = 2.3
°C). Median thermal sensitivity was 0.33 °C °C in
the Coast Range and 0.23 °C °C in the Cascade Range.
We posit that the volcanic lithology underlying the Cascade streams
likely supported discrete groundwater discharge locations, which
dampened thermal sensitivity. At locations of apparent groundwater
discharge in these streams, median stream temperatures rapidly decreased
by 2.0 °C, 3.6 °C, and 7.0 °C relative to adjacent locations,
approximately 70–90 meters upstream. In contrast, thin friable soils in
the Coast Range likely contributed baseflow from shallow subsurface
sources, which was more sensitive to air temperature and generally
warmed downstream (up to 2.1 °C km). Our study
revealed distinct longitudinal thermal regimes in streams draining
contrasting lithology, suggesting that streams in these different
regions may respond differentially to forest disturbances or climate
change.
Thinking outside the cavity: effusion lymphoma primary to bone marrow
Authors: Gu Sean , Pan Zenggang , Xu Mina
Published: January 2021

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a distinct disease entity of large
B-cell lymphomas most often occurring in immunocompromised patients. We
present a rare case of extracavitary PEL primary to the bone marrow in a
HIV-positive patient.
Anti-Cancer Drug Delivery Modeling in Nanomedicine with Combinatorial Image Analysis and Non-Linear Regression
Authors: GOSWAMI SANJAY , DHOBALE KSHAMA , WAVHALE RAVINDRA , GOSWAMI BARNALI , BANERJEE SHASHWAT
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The field of cancer nanomedicine has made significant progress,
but its clinical translation is impeded by many challenges, such as the
difficulty in analysing intracellular anticancer drug release by the
nanocarriers due to the lack of suitable tools. Here, we propose the
development of a combinatorial imaging and analysis technique to
evaluate anticancer drug such as doxorubicin HCl (DOX) released by a
nanocarrier inside the HCT116 colon cancer cells and its subsequent
intracellular accumulation. Procedure: Fluorescent cell images were
captured and subjected to combined image analysis and machine learning
based procedures to assess and quantify the delivery and retention rate
of DOX inside the cancer cells by multifunctional
CNT-DOX-Fe3O4nanocarrier. Results: We show that DOX in HCT116 cells was
higher for multifunctional CNT-DOX-Fe3O4nanocarrierthan free DOX,
indicating efficient and steady release of DOX as well as superior
retentive property of the nanocarrier. Initially (1 h and 4 h) the
luminance intensity of DOX in the cell cytoplasm delivered by
CNT-DOX-Fe3O4nanocarrier was ~0.34 times and
~0.42 times lesser than that of free DOX delivered
normally. However, at 24 h and 48 h post treatment the luminance
intensity of DOX for CNT-DOX-Fe3O4nanocarrier was ~1.98
times and 1.92 times higher than that of free DOX. Furthermore, the
luminance intensity of DOX for CNT-DOX-Fe3O4in the whole cell was
~1.35 times and ~1.62 times higher than
that of free DOX at 24h and 48 h, respectively. Conclusions: The
high-throughput nature of our image analysis workflow allowed us to
automate the process of DOX retention analysis, and enabled us to devise
machine learning-based modeling to predict the percentage of anticancer
drug retention in cells. The development of models to automatically
quantify and predict intra-cellular drug release in cancer cells could
benefit personalized treatments by optimizing the design of
nanocarriers.
Classification of asteroid families with artificial neural networks
Authors: Vujicic D. , Pavlovic R. , Milosevic D. , Djordjevic B. , Randjic S. , Stojic D.
Published: January 2021

This paper describes an artificial neural network for classification of
asteroids into families. The data used for artificial neural network
training and testing were obtained by the Hierarchical Clustering Method
(HCM). We have shown that an artificial neural networks can be used as a
validation method for the HCM on families with a large number of members.
Commonly Associated Medical Syndromes
Authors: Yang Elaine I. , Hong Genewoo
Published: January 2021

Rheumatologic diseases such as RA, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, SLR, and osteogenesis imperfecta make up a large percentage of pathologies in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. These arthropathies are progressive, difficult to treat, and often lead to lifelong debilitating pain and disability. In addition to their effects on bones and joints, they are all characterized as medical syndromes, which affect many other organs and tissues throughout the body. Subsequently, these patients often have many comorbidities that make rendering a safe anesthetic challenging. Disease-modifying therapy combines aggressive immunomodulatory agents and immunosuppression. Severe joint destruction is treated surgically, but these surgeries are often at increased risk due to the effects of these syndromes on other organ systems. In this review, we address the approach to and evaluation of these five commonly associated medical syndromes and their medical and/or surgical treatment as well as any anesthetic considerations.
This review 5 figures, 4 tables, and 50 references. 
Key Words: anesthetic considerations, ankylosing spondylitis, inflammatory arthropathies, psoriatic arthritis, orthopedics, osteogenesis imperfecta, rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatologic syndromes, systemic lupus erythematosus
Electrical and Fire Safety in the OR
Authors: Gyulai Ferenc E
Published: January 2021

In the OR, electrical shocks and fire represent two very important risks and they occur more commonly than most people recognize. Electrical and fire safety in the OR is every team member’s responsibility. Prevention is the first step, but when incidents occur, optimal outcomes depend on concerted efforts. Thisapproach, along with a comprehensive electrical and fire safety program, is a continued effort to create a safer healthcare environment for every worker and patient. Understanding the basic principles of electricity and fire safety is the first step towards this goal. Unfortunately, many institutions do not involve the key players (surgery and anesthesia department members) in the education and preparation process. By involving all team members, optimal outcomes for patients at this vulnerable time may be achieved. Our patients expect us to know the risks and management of these potentially life-threatening occurrences. This chapter endeavours to facilitate these goals.
 
This review contains 9 figures, 3 tables, and 51 references
Keywords: electrosurgical unit, fire extinguisher, ground fault circuit interrupter, grounding, ignition source, line isolation monitor, macroshock, microshock, Ohm law
Physiology of Geriatrics
Authors: Matadial Christina M.
Published: January 2021

The aging population is growing and life expectancy is prolonged. The elderly population is able to enjoy prolonged life with good management of their chronic conditions. Many elderly do not have medical conditions but we still see a decline in their organ function and physiologic reserve that weighs in on their daily living. As well these changes in anatomy, physiology and chemistry puts them at risk of developing medical conditions and experience adverse outcomes during surgery and anesthesia. The central nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, hepatic and renal systems all work together and are affected as a whole with aging causing physiologic changes but also compensatory mechanisms. In this review we will study the aging physiology of the body and touch on its implications in anesthesia.
This review contains 5 figures, 3 tables, and  55 references.
Keywords: Healthy aging, age-related changes, Postoperative cognitive dysfunction, diastolic dysfunction, vascular stiffening, ventricular arterial coupling, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Spirometry, Glomerular Filtration Rate, hallmarks of aging
Preoperative Assessment of the Patient with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Josephs Sean A. , Lemmink Gretchen A.
Published: January 2021

Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of morbidity and mortality.  Nearly 30 million Americans have diabetes, more than 25% of which are undiagnosed. Patients with diabetes have multiple problems that should be addressed prior to surgery. They often have uncontrolled glucose levels that should be treated preoperatively. Current studies suggest that outcomes may be improved if perioperative glycemic control is optimized. Patients with diabetes develop end-organ dysfunction that can complicate perioperative management. Preoperative assessment of cardiac, neurologic, vascular, and renal function is necessary for all patients with diabetes that undergo major surgery. Optimization of cardiac disease in particular can reduce major adverse cardiac events for patients with risk factors such as diabetes. Diabetic patients can occasionally present for major surgery with hyperglycemic emergencies such as diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state. These conditions require urgent treatment to prevent mortality regardless of the need for surgery. This article reviews the preoperative assessment and management of these issues.
This review contains 1 figure, 4 tables, and 37 references.
Key Words: diabetes mellitus (DM), end-organ damage, hyperglycemia, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, perioperative glycemic management, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS), perioperative cardiac risk factors
Noncandidal Fungal Infections
Authors: Melnikoff Brett A , Myers René P
Published: January 2021

Fungal infections remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality in surgical settings, with critically ill patients, transplant recipients, and sick neonates all especially vulnerable. Over the past few decades, technological and scientific advancements have improved physicians’ ability to sustain life in critically ill patients; developments in chemotherapeutics and immune-based therapies have yielded increased survival for many cancer patients; organ transplantation has evolved dramatically; and the use of invasive therapies (eg, ventricular assist devices) has increased markedly. With these changes has come an increase in the incidence of serious fungal infections, including the less common but potentially fatal noncandidal infections caused by Aspergillus and the Zygomycetes Mucor and Rhizopus. This review outlines an approach to the workup and management of the nonneutropenic surgical patient with a suspected noncandidal infection (aspergillosis and zygomycosis). Figures show biopsy samples from an elderly man with chronic progressive disseminated histoplasmosis and thick-walled, broad-based budding yeasts typical for Blastomyces dermatitidis on biopsy material.

This review contains 2 figures and 47 references
Key words: aspergillosis, aspergillosis prophylaxis, blastomycosis, Cryptococcus, histoplasmosis, noncandidal fungal infections
Medullary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Lal Geeta
Published: January 2021

Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) arises from the thyroid C-cells and accounts for 1 to 2% of thyroid cancers in the United States. Most tumors are sporadic but may occur as a part of the familial syndromes multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) 2A, MEN2B, and familial MTC. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment of these tumors, although recent advances in molecular genetics have enabled the development and use of targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors to treat patients with symptomatic metastatic disease.
 This review contains 2 figures, 3 tables and 34 references
Key Words: genetics, management, medullary thyroid cancer, MEN2A, MEN2B, targeted therapies
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Beck Anna C , Sugg Sonia L
Published: January 2021

Primary hyperparathyroidism is defined. Key components of the diagnostic work-up including symptoms, family history, laboratory examination, and imaging techniques are reviewed. Indications for surgery, including a discussion of the latest guidelines, are emphasized. Controversies such as when to operate on asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism are discussed.
This review contains 4 figures, 1 table, and 29 references.
Key Words: hypercalcemia, hypercalcemic crisis, intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring, multiple endocrine neoplasia, normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism, parathyroid adenoma, parathyroid hyperplasia, primary hyperparathyroidism, sestamibi scan
Operative Approach to Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Beck Anna C
Published: January 2021

We review the key components of the embryology and anatomy of the parathyroid glands. Here, minimally invasive parathyroidectomy with intraoperative adjuncts such as intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring, four-gland exploration, subtotal parathyroidectomy, total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation, and cyropreservation are described. The incidence of postoperative complications and the technical aspects of parathyroid surgery are delineated.

This review contains 3 figures, 1 tables, and 17 references.
Key Words: cryopreservation, hyperparathyroidism, minimally invasive parathyroidectomy parathyroidectomy, pharyngeal pouch, recurrent laryngeal nerve, subtotal parathyroidectomy, total parathyroidectomy
Unstable Angina and Other Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Wright R Scott , Murphy Joseph G
Published: January 2021

Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) present clinically when their disease enters an unstable phase known as an acute coronary syndrome (ACS), in which the cap of a previously stable atheromatous coronary plaque ruptures or erodes, which in turn activates a thrombotic cascade that may lead to coronary artery occlusion, myocardial infarction (MI), cardiogenic shock, and patient death. There are nearly 2 million episodes of ACS in the United States annually; it is the most common reason for hospitalization with CAD and is the leading cause of death in the developed world.

This review contains 2 figures, 16 tables, and 70 references.
Key Words: coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, cardiogenic shock
Sarcoidosis
Authors: Baughman Robert P , Scholand Mary Beth
Published: January 2021

Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease characterized by the presence of noncaseating granulomas, which accumulate in affected organs. The incidence, organ involvement, and disease severity depend on environmental exposures and host factors. The cause of sarcoidosis remains unknown. Any organ can be affected; however, involvement of the lung, heart, and nervous system contributes most to morbidity and mortality. This review discusses the epidemiology, etiology, genetics, pathogenesis, diagnosis (including clinical manifestations), differential diagnosis, management, complications, and prognosis of sarcoidosis. Figures depict the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis, radiographic stages of sarcoidosis, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of a patient with neurosarcoidosis, noncaseating granuloma from a tissue biopsy of a patient with sarcoidosis, various manifestations of sarcoidosis, approach to the use of anti-inflammatory therapy for sarcoidosis, and an algorithm for symptomatic disease. 
This review contains 7 highly rendered figures, 7 tables, and 127 references
Keywords: cardiac sarcoidosis, hilar lymphadenopathy, Löfgren syndrome, neurosarcoidosis, noncaseating granuloma, sarcoidosis, uveitis
Uterine Fibroids
Authors: Plewniak Kari , Hur Hye-Chun
Published: January 2021

Uterine fibroids may be present in up to 80% of women and are the most common benign indication for hysterectomy. Symptoms related to fibroids can vary tremendously and depend on the number, size, and location of fibroids, as well as the patient’s hormonal status. Several different treatment options are available for fibroids. A variety of factors, such as a patient’s symptoms, age, reproductive goals, and medical comorbidities, help determine which treatment is best for each patient. 
This review contains 11 figures, 4 tables and 55 references
Key Words: abnormal uterine bleeding, fibroids, FIGO fibroid classification, hysterectomy, leiomyoma, myomectomy, uterine artery embolization
Serum Galectin-3 and Subsequent Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Subjects With Childhood-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: A Cohort Study
Authors: Saeed Maryam , Tapia German , Ariansen Inger , Stene Lars C. , Seljeflot Ingebjørg , Tell Grethe S. , Skrivarhaug Torild , Joner Geir
Published: January 2021

Objective: To study whether serum galectin-3 and
other biomarkers of inflammation predict coronary heart disease (CHD) in subjects
with longstanding childhood-onset type 1 diabetes.

Research,
design and methods:
A population-based nation-wide cohort of 299 subjects with type 1 diabetes
diagnosed in Norway at age <15 years during 1973-1982. They were examined in
2002-2003 at mean age of 33 years (range 21-44), with mean diabetes duration of
24 years (range 19-30). Subjects were followed through December 31, 2017 for
their first CHD event registered by a hospitalization or cause of death using
nation-wide registries. Stored serum samples were available for 296 subjects
and analyzed for interleukin (IL)-6, IL-6 receptor, IL-18, high sensitivity-C-reactive
protein, matrix metalloproteinases-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1,
galectin-3 and high sensitivity troponin
T (hs-TNT). Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for CHD per standard deviation
increase in biomarker were estimated using Cox regression.

Results: Of 295 subjects, 40 (13.6%) had
documented CHD event during mean follow-up of 14.4 years (range 0.5 - 16). IL-6
(aHR 1.32, 95% CI: 1.07 – 1.63), galectin-3 (aHR 1.44, 95% CI: 1.09 – 1.80) and
TIMP-1 (aHR 1.37, 95% CI 1.04 – 1.81) were significant predictors of CHD after
adjustment for conventional risk factors.

Conclusion: Galectin-3 was significantly associated
with future CHD in subjects with type 1 diabetes, and if the results are
replicated in larger studies it may aid in prediction together with conventional
risk factors for CHD.
Determining the Location of The Urban Transport Interchanges Based on the Geographic Information System: the Case Study for Istanbul
Authors: INCIRCI Neslıhan , EKMEKÇİ İsmail
Published: January 2021

Interchange location problem is a problem that depends on different criteria such as population density of the region, transportation facilities, infrastructure services, integration of different transportation modes used in the region. One of the important points to be taken into consideration in the choice of location is the idle areas that the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality has foreseen. A solution approach that includes the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) method has been proposed in order to determine the most suitable location for the interchanges planned to be carried out in this study. First of all, military lands that could be a interchange places were examined in line with the zoning plan. In line with this review, it was seen that these lands were not enough to integrate with different transportation modes. Locations found by calculating line scores according to constraints were determined by using ArcGIS program. Accordingly, the aim of the study is the arrangement of the interchanges planned to be established in Istanbul by means of GIS and finding the locations of the primary 3 interchanges of top priority in Anatolian part and 3 interchange of top priority in European part.
Study of lichen (Usnea spp.) as a traditional medicine in Bogor, West Java
Authors: Jannah Miftahul , Afifah Nida , Hariri Muhammad Rifqi , Rahmawati Anisa , Wulansari Tri Yuni Indah
Published: January 2021

Usnea is a genus of lichen used as a traditional medicine in the form of herbal medicine. The people of Bogor know Usnea as kayu angin, antanan, and cecenetan. Usnea used in herbal medicine is often considered only one species, even though there are many different species. Information about the traditional use of Usnea is essential to increase the widespread use of natural resources. This study purposed to determine the types of Usnea and their use as traditional medicine by the people of Bogor city. A total of 30 respondents were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires and personal interviews. Data were analyzed descriptively based on the results of exploration and interviews with respondents. The results showed that six species of Usnea had been used for treatment, including U. intermedia, U. esperantiana, U. hesperina, U. pectinata, U. fragilescens, and U. baileyi. Usnea is used for health herbs, after childbirth, colds, gout, and herbal mixtures in all medications
ELABORAÇÃO E APLICAÇÃO DE UMA SITUAÇÃO DE ESTUDO A PARTIR DO CONTEÚDO RADIOATIVIDADE: EM FOCO A FORMAÇÃO INICIAL EM QUÍMICAS
Authors: Aparecido Zapateiro Gean , Camilo Figueiredo Márcia
Published: January 2021

O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar as contribuições da elaboração e aplicação de uma Situação de Estudo (SE) com o conteúdo de Radioatividade na formação inicial de licenciandos em química. A SE foi planejada e fundamentada pela proposta didático-pedagógica dos Três Momentos Pedagógicos. Participaram da pesquisa treze acadêmicos de um curso de Licenciatura em Química na aplicação de uma SE e, no final, responderam a um questionário dissertativo. O método de estruturação dos dados foi realizado conforme a análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Os resultados evidenciaram que a SE colaborou para a formação docente dos licenciandos, proporcionando-lhes novos saberes em como elaborar aulas a partir do contexto histórico-social, e aprenderam que este estudo possibilita aos alunos a compreensão de uma ciência que não está pronta e acabada, e, sim, em constante desenvolvimento, permeada por fatores sociais, econômicos, políticos.
PRECARIEDADE, IMPROVISAÇÃO E ESPÍRITO DE CORPO: REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DISCURSIVAS DE PROFESSORES DA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA ACERCA DA SUA PRÁXIS NO CONTEXTO DA PANDEMIA DA COVID-19
Authors: Luz Gonzaga Luciano
Published: January 2021

A pesquisa possui como principal objetivo identificar as Representações Sociais Discursivas de professores da educação básica, lotados na Secretaria Estadual de Educação do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, acerca dos possíveis dilemas na transposição didática de atividades presenciais em atividades remotas, no período pandêmico da COVID-19. Esta análise aporta-se na Teoria das Representações Sociais de Moscovici e, metodologicamente, nas técnicas do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo e do Índice de Representatividade. O conteúdo das Representações Sociais Discursivas dos professores, sujeitos desta pesquisa aponta para o desgaste emocional em função da precarização e da improvisação na transposição das atividades presenciais em remotas. A falta de domínio dos professores na utilização das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação e a exclusão digital dos estudantes geraram um desconforto coletivo, salvaguardando o espírito de corpo como mecanismo de proteção à identidade profissional.
O PROFESSOR PRIMÁRIO NO INÍCIO DO SÉCULO XX: UM ESTUDO SOBRE AS CARACTERÍSTICAS PROFISSIONAIS PARA A INSTRUÇÃO PÚBLICA MATO-GROSSENSE EM 1908
Authors: Gomes de Oliveira Mariana , Marques Vasconcelos de Almeida Laura Isabel , Rodrigues Valente Wagner
Published: January 2021

Este artigo é parte do resultado da pesquisa de Mestrado em Ensino da Universidade de Cuiabá/MT. Tem como objetivo apresentar as características profissionais esperadas pela Administração Pública quando do ingresso dos professores no ensino primário mato-grossense. Embasado na dimensão metodológica histórico-cultural, a pesquisa vincula-se ao grupo Ghemat Brasil e pauta-se nas contribuições metodológica de autores como, De Certeau (1982), Chervel (1990), França (2016), Julia (2001), Leite (1970) e Valente (2006). O percurso teórico-metodológico constitui-se por meio da narrativa acerca da construção do perfil profissional docente no período da Primeira República no Estado de Mato Grosso, a partir de fontes inventariadas no Instituto Memória e Arquivo Público produzidos nos anos finais do século XIX e início do século XX. O estudo aponta os elementos essenciais para compreensão da construção histórica dos Regulamentos que determinavam os preceitos para a Instrução Pública Primária do Estado de Mato Grosso e as fontes revelam os processos e dinâmicas que regulamentavam a profissão docente do período.
Excavation of History and Narration of Subaltern Orality in the Short Stories of Mahasweta Devi
Authors: K Anuranj C
Published: January 2021

In 1979 Mahasweta Devi had written and published a short story collection in Bengali language. Later, the short story collection had been translated into English by Ipsita Chanda and published in 1998 under the title of Bitter Soil. This paper studies two short stories from this collection of translation, which entitled as Little Ones and Salt respectively. Mahasweta Devi made tremendous contribution to literary, social and cultural studies in this country and she always believed that the real history is made by the ordinary people as she is also a political activist. Both these short stories represent the history of post independent India. Mahasweta Devi’s empirical research into oral history and haunting tales of exploitation and struggle as it lives in the cultures and reminiscences of tribal communities is highly relevant today.
Peer assessments of research advisors and effects on investments in teaching
Authors: Eckhaus Eyal , Davidovitch Nitza
Published: January 2021

In recent years, research on faculty performance measures has increased. Although peer reviews are an integral part of faculty’s work and require time investment, they are typically not considered in measuring faculty performance. The aim of this research was to investigate associations between evaluations of peers’ performance as research advisors, and teaching perceptions.  We employed Exploratory Factor Analysis, followed by Structural Equation Modeling, to test our model’s goodness-of-fit. Results show that the stronger the satisfaction from assessing peers’ performance as advisors, the greater the perceived significance of teaching. Excellence in teaching also effects teaching perceptions. Furthermore, female faculty members gained more satisfaction from assessing peers than did males. It has been argued that there is no association between teaching and assessing peers’ performance as research advisors. The findings of this study address the literature gap regarding the link between teaching quality and research, by employing the Projection theory.
Kualitas dan Cara Penyimpanan Telur Yang Baik dalam Upaya Menjaga Asupan Gizi Optimal di Masa Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Alhuur Ken Ratu gharizah , Pratama Andry , Yuniarti Endah
Published: January 2021

AbstrakAsupan gizi yang optimal terutama asupan protein, baik dimasa pandemi Covid-19 maupun dalam situasi normal, penting untuk dipenuhi. Telur merupakan salah satu pangan sumber protein dengan harga yang cukup terjangkau dibandingkan sumber protein hewani lain, seperti daging dan susu. Sehingga telur banyak dipilih oleh masyarakat luas dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan protein harian mereka. Dalam masa pandemi Covid-19 ini, banyak bermunculan pedagang telur dadakan di kalangan masyarakat, sebagai salah satu imbas dari anjloknya harga telur di pasaran. Namun, para pedagang telur dadakan ini seringkali tidak mengindahkan kualitas telur yang mereka jual. Hal ini tentu akan berakibat merugikan dan membahayakan bagi kesehatan konsumen. Untuk itu, sosialisasi kepada masyarakat mengenai cara membedakan kualitas telur dan cara penyimpanan telur yang baik menjadi penting untuk dilakukan, agar masyarakat dapat memilih dan mendapatkan telur dengan kualitas yang baik dalam jangka waktu yang lebih Panjang. Manfaat dari sosialisasi ini adalah partisipan menjadi lebih teliti dalam memilih telur yang mereka beli, dan mengetahui cara penyimpanan telur yang benar agar masa simpan telur yang mereka beli dapat bertahan lebih lama.Kata Kunci: asupan gizi, kualitas telur, cara penyimpanan telurAbstractOptimal nutritional intake, especially protein intake, both during the Covid-19 pandemic and in normal situations, is important to fulfill. Eggs are a source of protein with prices that are quite affordable compared to other animal protein sources, such as meat and milk. So people prefer eggs as a fulfillment of their daily protein needs compared to meat and milk. During the Covid-19 pandemic, many impromptu egg sellers emerged in the community, as one of the effects of the drop in egg prices on the market. However, these impromptu egg sellers often disregard the quality of the eggs they sell. This will certainly have detrimental and harmful consequences to consumer health. For this reason, socialization to the public about how to differentiate egg quality and how to storing eggs in a good way is important, so that people can choose and get good quality eggs in a longer period of time. The benefit of this socialization is that participants become more careful in choosing the eggs they buy and knowing how to store eggs properly so that the shelf life of the eggs they buy can last longer.Keywords: nutritional intake, eggs quality, eggs storage
Peningkatan Gizi Protein Hewani Melalui Keterampilan Pembuatan Bakso Ikan kepada Masyarakat Desa Tunggilis dan Banjarharja, Kabupaten Pangandaran
Authors: Junianto Junianto , Apriliani Izza Mahdiana , Dewanti Lantun Paraditha , Zidni Irfan
Published: January 2021

Ikan merupakan jenis makanan sehat yang rendah lemak jenuh dan tinggi protein serta memiliki kandungan omega 3. Konsumsi jenis protein salah satu faktor yang secara langsung berpengaruh terhadap gizi seseorang. Kabupaten Pangandaran memiliki potensi untuk berkembang dalam bidang perikanan. Namun masih terjadi permasalahan mengenai kualitas gizi masyarakat yang menurun. Untuk mendukung peningkatan gizi masyarakat dan pengembangan produk ikan di Kabupaten Pangandaran berdasarkan potensi yang dimilikinya yaitu melalui upaya peningkatan pemahaman dan pengetahuan dalam produksi pangan yaitu dengan melaksanakan kegiatan pelatihan/workshop pembuatan produk olahan hasil perikanan berupa baso ikan. Tahapan pelaksanaan kegiatan yang telah dilakukan terdiri dari tahap sosialisasi dan inisiasi, tahap penyuluhan dan pelatihan (pentingnya mengkonsumsi ikan; kampanye gemar makan ikan untuk peningkatan gizi masyarakat; serta pelatihan dan demonstrasi pembuatan produk berupa bakso ikan), dan tahap terakhir adalah tahap evaluasi kegiatan. Metode penyampaian berupa metode ceramah, diskusi dan demonstrasi. Hasil kegiatan pelatihan ini menunjukkan bahwa khalayak sasaran memahami pentingnya gizi protein yang bersumber dari ikan. Serta adanya peningkatan skill khalayak sasaran dalan pengolahan diversifikasi produk dari bahan dasar ikan berupa bakso.
MANAJEMEN DAN PENDISTRIBUSIAN ZAKAT DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN KESEJAHTERAAN SOSIAL MASYARAKAT
Authors: Afni Nur
Published: January 2021

The management of zakat in relation to economic empowerment means that zakat as an asset of an Islamic economic institution, zakat is a source of strategic potential funds for efforts to build the welfare of the people. Because of that, the Koran gives a sign that the zakat collected is managed appropriately and effectively. The purpose of this research is to describe how the management and distribution of zakat to improve the social welfare of society. The type of research used in this research is library research or library research conducted by collecting data or scientific papers aimed at the research object. The results of the discussion in the article are; 1) in the process of managing zakat, it can be realized seriously, of course, this needs to be supported by good management, as was done in the early days of Islam. Managing zakat effectively and efficiently needs to be managed properly. Therefore, the management of zakat provides the application of modern management functions. 2) Zakat must be distributed to mustahik under Islamic law. 3) the distribution of zakat is carried out based on a priority scale, with due observance of the principles of equity, justice, and territoriality, and 4) Zakat is distributed through two distribution models directly or consumptive zakat, and indirect distribution, namely productive zakat.
ANALISIS HAMBATAN SAMPING PADA JALAN SUKA RAMAI KOTA LHOKSEUMAWE
Authors: Muzakir Muzakir , Sugiarto Sugiarto , Saleh Sofyan M.
Published: January 2021

Lhokseumawe City has several roads, including: Medeka Street, Trade Street, Suka Ramai Street and others. This road is one of the local roads with a length of 0.56 km which has an important role in supporting the development of the trade and services sector in the region. However, improper use of parking spaces and street vendors causes traffic jams along most of the road. This research was conducted to find out how much the influence of side obstacles that cause disruption of road traffic flow so that the performance of the road is not in accordance with the requirements. This road performance analysis uses the Indonesian Road Capacity Manual (MKJI) method, Permen PU No. 19 of 2011 and Permen No. 34 of 2006 concerning roads. There are two data needed in this research, primary data and secondary data, primary data needed are side barriers, data recorded on observations are pedestrians (PK), vehicle parking (PK), In and out of vehicles (KM) and vehicles running slow (TOS). While for secondary data the data needed is a location map, Qanun number 1 of 2014 concerning the Regional Spatial Planning (RT / RW) of Lhokseumawe City. From data collection and processing for three days, namely Sunday, Monday and Thursday, the highest data was obtained on Monday, 10 September 2018 at 17:30 - 18:30 West Indonesia Time, namely the side barriers on all observation days were very high.