bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Population pharmacokinetics and prophylactic anti‐emetic efficacy of ramosetron in surgical patients
Authors: Lee Yong‐Hun , Seo Jae‐Hyeon , Min Kyung‐Tae , Lim Young‐Jin , Jeong Seong‐Wook , Lee Eun‐Kyung , Choi Byung‐Moon , Noh Gyu‐Jeong
Published: May 2016

Aims

This study characterized the pharmacokinetics of ramosetron and compared prophylactic anti‐emetic efficacy with that of ondansetron in a large population.

Methods

Fifty‐eight patients consented to the pharmacokinetic analysis and were assigned randomly to receive 0.3, 0.45 or 0.6 mg ramosetron after induction of anaesthesia. Blood samples were acquired at preset intervals. Non‐compartmental and population pharmacokinetic analyses were performed. In total, 1102 patients consented to the evaluation of prophylactic anti‐emetic efficacy and were allocated randomly to receive 0.3 mg ramosetron or 4 mg ondansetron at the end of surgery. An additional 16 mg ondansetron were mixed in the intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia pump of the ondansetron group. Post‐operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) were evaluated 6, 24 and 48 h post‐operatively using the Rhodes index of nausea, vomiting and retching (RINVR). Administration of rescue anti‐emetics and adverse events were evaluated.

Results

The pharmacokinetic parameter estimates were V1 (l) = 5.12, V2 (l) = 108, CL (l⋅min−1) = 0.08 + (59⋅age−1) × 0.09, Q (l⋅min−1) = 1.42. The incidences of PONV in the ramosetron and ondansetron groups were 77 (13.9%) and 113 (20.6%) and 44 (7.9%) and 66 (12.0%) at 24 and 48 h post‐operatively, respectively (P = 0.004, 0.030). RINVR was significantly lower in the ramosetron than the ondansetron group 24 and 48 h post‐operatively (P = 0.003, 0.025). Use of rescue anti‐emetics and incidence of adverse events were comparable.

Conclusions

A two compartment mammillary model was used to describe ramosetron pharmacokinetics. Prophylactic anti‐emetic efficacy of ramosetron was significantly better 24 and 48 h post‐operatively than that of ondansetron, particularly when the Apfel score was ≥ 3.
The impact of a medication review with follow‐up service on hospital admissions in aged polypharmacy patients
Authors: Malet‐Larrea Amaia , Goyenechea Estíbaliz , García‐Cárdenas Victoria , Calvo Begoña , Arteche Jose M. , Aranegui Pedro , Zubeldia Jose J. , Gastelurrutia Miguel A. , Martínez‐Martínez Fernando , Benrimoj Shalom I.
Published: May 2016

Aims

The aims were to assess the impact of a medication review with follow‐up (MRF) service provided in community pharmacy to aged polypharmacy patients on the number of medication‐related hospital admissions and to estimate the effect on hospital costs.

Methods

This was a sub‐analysis of a cluster randomized controlled trials carried out in 178 community pharmacies in Spain. Pharmacies in the intervention group (IG) provided a comprehensive medication review during 6 months. Pharmacists in the comparison group (CG) delivered usual care. For the purposes of this sub‐analysis, an expert panel of three internal medicine specialists screened the hospitalizations occurring during the main study, in order to identify medication‐related hospitalizations. Inter‐rater reliability was measured using Fleiss's kappa. Hospital costs were calculated using diagnosis related groups.

Results

One thousand four hundred and three patients were included in the main study and they had 83 hospitalizations. Forty‐two hospitalizations (50.6%) were medicine‐related, with a substantial level of agreement among the experts (kappa = 0.65, 95% CI 0.52, 0.78, P < 0.01). The number of medication‐related hospitalizations was significantly lower in patients receiving MRF (IG 11, GC 31, P = 0.042). The probability of being hospitalized was 3.7 times higher in the CG (odds ratio 3.7, 95% CI 1.2, 11.3, P = 0.021). Costs for a medicine‐related hospitalization were €6672. Medication‐related hospitalization costs were lower for patients receiving MRF [IG: €94 (SD 917); CG: €301 (SD 2102); 95% CI 35.9, 378.0, P = 0.018].

Conclusion

MRF provided by community pharmacists might be an effective strategy to balance the assurance of the benefit from medications and the avoidance of medication‐related hospitalizations in aged patients using polypharmacy.
A pharmacokinetics and safety phase 1/1b study of oral ixazomib in patients with multiple myeloma and severe renal impairment or end‐stage renal disease requiring haemodialysis
Authors: Gupta Neeraj , Hanley Michael J. , Harvey R. Donald , Badros Ashraf , Lipe Brea , Kukreti Vishal , Berdeja Jesus , Yang Huyuan , Hui Ai‐Min , Qian Mark , Zhang Xiaoquan , Venkatakrishnan Karthik , Chari Ajai
Published: May 2016

Renal impairment (RI) is a major complication of multiple myeloma (MM). This study aimed to characterize the single‐dose pharmacokinetics (PK) of the oral proteasome inhibitor, ixazomib, in cancer patients with normal renal function [creatinine clearance (CrCl) ≥90 ml/min; n = 20), severe RI (CrCl <30 ml/min; n = 14), or end‐stage renal disease requiring haemodialysis (ESRD; n = 7). PK and adverse events (AEs) were assessed after a single 3 mg dose of ixazomib. Ixazomib was highly bound to plasma proteins (~99%) in all renal function groups. Unbound and total systemic exposures of ixazomib were 38% and 39% higher, respectively, in severe RI/ESRD patients versus patients with normal renal function. Total ixazomib concentrations were similar in pre‐ and post‐dialyser samples collected from ESRD patients; therefore, ixazomib can be administered without regard to haemodialysis timing. Except for anaemia, the incidence of the most common AEs was generally similar across groups, but grade 3 and 4 AEs were more frequent in the severe RI/ESRD groups versus the normal group (79%/57% vs. 45%), as were serious AEs (43%/43% vs. 15%). The PK and safety results support a reduced ixazomib dose of 3 mg in patients with severe RI/ESRD.
Movement Assessment of Children (MAC): validity, reliability, stability and sensitivity to change in typically developing children
Authors: Chandler L. S. , Terhorst L. , Rogers J. C. , Holm M. B.
Published: May 2016

Aim

The purpose of this study was to establish the validity, reliability, stability and sensitivity to change of the family‐centred Movement Assessment of Children (MAC) in typically developing infants/toddlers from 2 months (1 month 16 days) to 2 years (24 months 15 days) of age.

Background

Assessment of infant/toddler motor development is critical so that infants and toddlers who are at‐risk for developmental delay or whose functional motor development is delayed can be monitored and receive therapy to improve their developmental outcomes. Infants/toddlers are thought to be more responsive during the MAC assessment because parents and siblings participate and elicit responses.

Methods

Two hundred seventy six children and 405 assessments contributed to the establishment of age‐related parameters for typically developing infants and toddlers on the MAC. The MAC assesses three core domains of functional movement (head control, upper extremities and hands, pelvis and lower extremities), and generates a core total score. Four explanatory domains serve to alert examiners to factors that may impact atypical development (general observations, special senses, primitive reflexes/reactions, muscle tone). Construct validity of functional motor development was examined using the relationship between incremental increases in scores and increases in participants' ages. Subsamples were used to establish inter‐rater reliability, test–retest reliability, stability and sensitivity to change.

Results

Construct validity was established and inter‐rater reliability ICCs for the core items and core total ranged from 0.83 to 0.99. Percent agreement for the explanatory items ranged from 0.72 to 0.96. Stability within age grouping was consistent from baseline to 6 months post‐baseline, and sensitivity to change from baseline to 6 months was significant for all core items and the total score.

Conclusion

The MAC has proven to be a well‐constructed assessment of infant and toddler functional motor development. It is a family‐centred and efficient tool that can be used to assess and follow‐up of infants and toddlers from 2 months to 2 years.
Immediate‐type hypersensitivity to polyethylene glycols: a review
Authors: Wenande E. , Garvey L. H.
Published: May 2016

Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) or macrogols are polyether compounds widely used in medical and household products. Although generally considered biologically inert, cases of mild to life‐threatening immediate‐type PEG hypersensitivity are reported with increasing frequency. Nevertheless, awareness of PEG's allergenic potential remains low, due to a general lack of suspicion towards excipients and insufficient product labelling. Information on immediate‐type reactions to PEG is limited to anecdotal reports, and the potential for PEG sensitization and cross‐sensitization to PEGylated drugs and structurally related derivatives is likely underestimated. Most healthcare professionals have no knowledge of PEG and thus do not suspect PEG's as culprit agents in hypersensitivity reactions. In consequence, patients are at risk of misdiagnosis and commonly present with a history of repeated, severe reactions to a range of unrelated products in hospital and at home. Increased awareness of PEG prevalence, PEG hypersensitivity, and improved access to PEG allergy testing, should facilitate earlier diagnosis and reduce the risk of inadvertent re‐exposure. This first comprehensive review provides practical information for allergists and other healthcare professionals by describing the clinical picture of 37 reported cases of PEG hypersensitivity since 1977, summarizing instances where PEG hypersensitivity should be considered and proposing an algorithm for diagnostic management.
Implant‐Supported Immediately Loaded Fixed Full‐Arch Dentures: Evaluation of Implant Survival Rates in a Case Cohort of up to 7 Years
Authors: Niedermaier Robert , Stelzle Florian , Riemann Max , Bolz Wolfgang , Schuh Paul , Wachtel Hannes
Published: May 2016

Background

The treatment of severely atrophied and edentulous jaws by means of fixed implant supported solutions is a challenging procedure.

Purpose

The immediate loading of four to six axial and tilted implants offers the possibility to overcome elaborate hard tissue augmentation procedures but lacks implant and patient related data on implant survival rates.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective 7‐years clinical trial investigated the implant survival rates of 2,081 implants (380 patients, 482 jaws) using an immediate loading protocol with either 4, 5, or 6 implants per restoration. Survival rates were calculated concerning implantation related factors (jaws/number of supporting implants/angulations/diameters/lengths) and patient related factors (medical status/smoking).

Results

Overall survival of 2,081 implants was 97.0% on implant level. Survival rates of implantation related factors did not yield significant differences. Significant differences were yield between healthy patients and patients with osteoporosis (p = .002) and the medical status group “other” (p = .032), respectively. Smokers yielded a significantly higher survival than nonsmokers (p = .002).

Conclusions

It is assumed that four implants per jaw serve as a sufficient implant number for full arch restorations in both, the mandible and the maxilla. Osteoporosis under the medication with bisphosphonates seems to be a risk factor for implant survival. The authors suggest that the effect of smoking on ISRs remains controversial within this treatment concept.
Servicing Our Economy: Producer Service Location and Government Procurement 2004–2010 in the Washington DC Metropolitan Area
Authors: Christopher S. C. , Vese R. D. , Boyd M. A. , Reddy A. D. , Mulhollen A. P. , Zand D. E. , Leslie T. F.
Published: May 2016

Harrington and Campbell (1997) previously illuminated the pattern of producer services' suburbanization in the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area between 1970 and 1992. Their results showed producer services growing at a faster rate at locations farther from the central city. We revisit the topic utilizing data from 2004 to 2010, assessing not only changes in the distribution of producer services since their work, but also the impact of massive increases in defense spending on producer services' growth throughout the first decade of the twenty‐first century. Multivariate linear regression is used to estimate per capita growth of producer services employment using six independent variables. Our results reveal producer services employment during the time period has grown significantly more quickly in the urban D.C. core than the outer suburbs, contrary to Harrington and Campbell's research. Additionally, we find per capita producer services employment is self‐limiting over the study period: locations with more producer services employment in 2004 experienced significantly less producer services growth over the period. We find federal procurement has no correlation on producer services overall, with limited effects on some subsectors. Analyzing a select group of producer services subsectors revealed that no sectors followed the overall model exactly, suggesting that targeting producer services for growth must be done carefully. None of our models show employment diversity to be a factor in differentiating economic growth at the intra‐metropolitan level.
Supporting the Role of Associate Dean in Universities: an Alternative Approach to Management Development
Authors: Preston Diane , Floyd Alan
Published: May 2016

Located between senior management and academic staff, the role of the Associate Dean in universities appears to be growing in number, complexity and importance in recent years. A role arguably fraught with complexity, it remains largely undefined and under‐researched. While little is known about the role in general, less still is known about their leadership development experiences. This paper reports on a Leadership Foundation funded UK study to explore what training and role preparation Associate Deans have had. Data was collected from 15 interviews with Associate Deans from five different institutions and a follow‐up online survey of Associate Deans (n = 172) throughout England and Wales. The study found that 60 per cent of respondents had received little or no formal management training and that 24 per cent of those who had received training reported it to be only moderately useful or of little or no use. In contrast, however, the respondents identified the establishment of informal learning and support networks with other Associate Deans as being a vital source of support. The paper argues that an alternative model of management development, based on relational and social learning theories, might be a more appropriate way to help support this group of academic middle leaders.
Reconstructive option after radical mutilating surgery in children with genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma: When sparing the bladder is not an option
Authors: Komasara Leszek , Stefanowicz Joanna , Bryks‐Laszkowska Anna , Gołębiewski Andrzej , Czauderna Piotr
Published: May 2016

Objectives

To present versatile surgical reconstructive techniques and their outcomes in pediatric patients with genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the oncological and urological outcomes of seven patients treated between 1992 and 2014 according to the Cooperative Weichteilsarkom Studiengruppe protocols. Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study staging: local, six patients; and IV, one patient. Histology: embryonal, five patients; unclassified, one patient; triton tumor one patient. Surgical treatment included: cystectomy, uterectomy and partial vaginectomy, one patient; radical cystectomy, two patients; cystectomy, one patient; cystectomy with partial prostatectomy, one patient; partial cystectomy, one patient; and partial prostatectomy, one patient.

Results

All patients were alive in complete remission at last follow up. In four cases, ileal conduit with ureteral reimplantation with serous‐lined extramural tunnel (Abol‐Enein technique) was carried out, which was followed by conversion into ileal continent bladder with continent appendiceal stoma for clean intermittent catheterization in three patients. In one boy, partial cystectomy and continent reconstruction was carried out during a single surgical procedure. One child with incontinent urinary diversion is still awaiting a continence solution. One child after partial prostatectomy is continent without any voiding disturbances.

Conclusions

The timing and extent of radical surgery for treatment of genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma depend on the local anatomical conditions, and the response to previous chemo‐ and radiotherapy. Cystectomy followed by various reconstructive techniques still remains an important option in the local treatment.
Failing time after time: time perspective, procrastination, and cognitive reappraisal in goal failure
Authors: Taylor Jill , Wilson Janet Clare
Published: May 2016

This research novelly explores how Future Time Perspective (FTP) plays a role in reflecting on goal failure and striving for future goals. Participants (N = 139) completed questionnaires assessing recent goal failure, procrastination, emotion regulation and FTP, then coded as either High or Low in FTP. Results support hypotheses that despite goal failure, those high in FTP procrastinated less, planned more and used more cognitive reappraisal strategies. Further, procrastination and cognitive reappraisal significantly predicted FTP scores. Thus, goal failure may be an essential part of learning how to achieve high self‐regulation goals. However, it may discourage some from trying again, particularly those low in FTP. Findings suggest the FTP may offer a strategy to aid attainment of important high self‐regulated, long‐term goals.
Long Postpacing Interval After Entrainment of Tachycardia Including a Slow Conduction Zone Within the Circuit
Authors: KINJO TAKAHIKO , SASAKI SHINGO , KIMURA MASAOMI , OWADA SHINGEN , HORIUCHI DAISUKE , SASAKI KENICHI , ITOH TAIHEI , ISHIDA YUJI , SHOJI YOSHIHIRO , NISHIZAKI KIMITAKA , TSUSHIMA YUICHI , TOMITA HIROFUMI , OKUMURA KEN
Published: May 2016

Long Postpacing Interval Caused by Decremental Conduction

Backgrounds

Postpacing interval (PPI) measured after entrainment pacing describes the distance between pacing site and reentrant circuit. However, the influential features to PPI remain to be elucidated.

Methods and Results

This study included 22 cases with slow/fast atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT), 14 orthodromic AV reciprocating tachycardia (AVRT) using an accessary pathway, 22 typical atrial flutter (AFL), and 18 other macroreentrant atrial tachycardia (atypical AFL). Rapid pacing at a pacing cycle length (PCL) 5% shorter than tachycardia cycle length (TCL) was done from a site on or close to the reentry circuit. Pacing sites included the coronary sinus ostium in AVNRT, earliest atrial activation site in AVRT, and cavotricuspid isthmus in typical AFL. In atypical AFL, tachycardia circuit was determined on the basis of CARTO mapping, and then the pacing site was. TCL was significantly longer in AVNRT and AVRT than in typical AFL and atypical AFL (both P < 0.05). PCL minus TCL value was similar among the 4 groups. PPI minus TCL value (milliseconds) was significantly longer in AVNRT (median, 40 [IQR, 29–60.8]) and AVRT (34 [20–47]) than in typical AFL (0 [0–4]) and atypical AFL (3.5 [0–8]) (both P < 0.05). Furthermore, PPI minus TCL was prolonged with shortening of PCL in AVNRT and AVRT (both P < 0.05), whereas it was unchanged in typical AFL (P = 0.50).

Conclusion

PPI after concealed entrainment is prolonged compared with TCL when the reentry circuit involves a slow conduction zone with a decremental conduction property such as the AV node.
Rcrust: a tool for calculating path‐dependent open system processes and application to melt loss
Authors: Mayne M. J. , Moyen J.‐F. , Stevens G. , Kaislaniemi L.
Published: May 2016

Earth's continental crust is stabilized by crustal differentiation that is driven by partial melting and melt loss: Magmas segregate from their residuum and migrate into the upper crust, leaving the deep crust refractory. Thus, compositional change is an integral part of the metamorphic evolution of anatectic granulites. Current thermodynamic modelling techniques have limited abilities to handle changing bulk composition. New software is developed (Rcrust) that via a path‐dependent iteration approach enables pressure, temperature and bulk composition to act as simultaneous variables. Path‐dependence allows phase additions or extractions that will alter the effective bulk composition of the system. This new methodology leads to a host of additional investigative tools. Singular paths within pressure–temperature–bulk composition (P–T–X) space give details of changing phase proportions and compositions during the anatectic process, while compilations of paths create path‐dependent P–T mode diagrams. A case study is used to investigate the effects of melt loss in an open system for a pelite starting bulk composition. The study is expanded upon by considering multiple P–T paths and considering the effects of a lower melt threshold. It is found that, for the pelite starting composition under investigation, open systems produce less melt than closed systems, and that melt loss prior to decompression drastically reduces the ability of the system to form melt upon decompression.
Violence against women and cervical cancer screening: a systematic review
Authors: Leite Franciéle Marabotti Costa , Amorim Maria Helena Costa , Primo Cândida Caniçali , Gigante Denise Petrucci
Published: May 2016

Aims and objectives

To present a systematic review of papers published on the relationship between violence against women and cervical cancer screening.

Background

Violence against women is a serious public health problem. This phenomenon can have negative effects on victims’ health and affect the frequency at which they receive cervical cancer screening.

Design

A systematic literature review.

Methods

This study was carried out in October 2015 with searches of the Lilacs, PubMed and Web of Science databases using the following keywords: violence, domestic violence, battered women, spouse abuse, Papanicolaou test, vaginal smears, early detection of cancer and cervix uteri.

Results

Eight papers published between 2002–2013 were included in this review, most of which were cross‐sectional studies. Three studies found no association between victimisation and receiving Pap testing, and five studies reported an association. These contradictory results were due to higher or lower examination frequencies among the women who had experienced violence.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that the association between violence against women and cervical cancer screening remains inconclusive, and they demonstrate the need for more detailed studies to help clarify this relationship.

Relevance to clinical practice

Professionals who aid women should be knowledgeable regarding the perception and detection of violence so that they can interrupt the cycle of aggression, which has harmful impacts on victims’ health.
Dual trigger with gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist and recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin improves in vitro fertilization outcome in gonadotropin‐releasing hormone antagonist cycles
Authors: Seval Mehmet Murat , Özmen Batuhan , Atabekoğlu Cem , Şükür Yavuz Emre , Şimşir Coşkun , Kan Özgur , Sönmezer Murat
Published: May 2016

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether dual trigger with leuprolide acetate plus recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) improves in vitro fertilization outcome in gonadotropin‐releasing hormone antagonist cycles.

Methods

A total of 156 patients diagnosed with mild male factor, unexplained or tubal factor infertility were enrolled in the study. All subjects were allocated into one of two groups: the dual trigger group (leuprolide acetate 500 μg + recombinant hCG 250 μg) and the standard group (recombinant hCG 250 μg) according to the selected trigger method. Oocyte trigger was performed when at least three follicles >17 mm were observed. Pregnancy rate, number of collected oocytes, number of metaphase II oocytes, number of grade‐A embryos, cycle cancellation rate, and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome rate were the main outcome measures for the study.

Results

The mean number of grade‐A embryos (1.6 ± 1.5 vs 1.1 ± 1.4, P = 0.01) and of metaphase II oocytes (7.9 ± 4.6 vs 6.3 ± 5.8, P = 0.02) was significantly higher in the dual‐trigger group. Pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the dual‐trigger group than in the standard group (54.8 vs 37.5%, P = 0.006). Two cases of mild ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome were observed in each group.

Conclusion

This novel and more physiological trigger approach using 500 μg leuprolide acetate plus 250 μg recombinant hCG may lead to an increase in the number of metaphase II oocytes, grade‐A embryos, and may improve pregnancy rates.
Gastric peroral endoscopic pyloromyotomy (G‐POEM) as a salvage therapy for refractory gastroparesis: a case series of different subtypes
Authors: Mekaroonkamol P. , Li L. Y. , Dacha S. , Xu Y. , Keilin S. D. , Willingham F. F. , Cai Q.
Published: May 2016

Background

Gastroparesis is a poorly understood, chronic, debilitating motility disorder with very limited medical therapeutic options. Gastric peroral endoscopic pyloromyotomy (G‐POEM) is an emerging novel endoscopic technique as an incisionless pyloroplasty for refractory cases. Effective information of G‐POEM on different types of gastroparesis is sparse.

Methods

Cases of G‐POEM using selective circular myotomy as a salvage therapy for refractory symptoms were retrospective studied. The G‐POEM procedures were performed by a single expert endoscopist under a certain protocol. Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptoms Index (GCSI) and gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES) were evaluated before and after the procedure. Procedures related adverse event were also recorded.

Key Results

All procedures were successfully completed without complications. Each case in this series was different in demography and etiology of gastroparesis, namely postsurgical, postinfectious, and idiopathic gastroparesis in an elderly male and two young female adults. All cases were refractory to conventional treatment but demonstrated obvious success after G‐POEM as a salvage therapy both clinically and on GES.

Conclusions & Inferences

G‐POEM as a salvage therapy improves symptoms and gastric emptying in patients with different types of refractory gastroparesis. Our cases are also the firsts to show success of G‐POEM in postinfectious gastroparesis and in elderly male patient. More data are needed to determine which subgroup of patients would benefit most from this novel procedure.
Colonic overexpression of the T‐type calcium channel Cav3.2 in a mouse model of visceral hypersensitivity and in irritable bowel syndrome patients
Authors: Scanzi J. , Accarie A. , Muller E. , Pereira B. , Aissouni Y. , Goutte M. , Joubert‐Zakeyh J. , Picard E. , Boudieu L. , Mallet C. , Gelot A. , Ardid D. , Carvalho F. A. , Dapoigny M.
Published: May 2016

Background

Among the different mechanisms involved in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) physiopathology, visceral hypersensitivity seems to play a key role. It involves sensitization of the colonic primary afferent fibers, especially through an overexpression of ion channels. The aims of this translational study were to investigate the colonic expression of Cav3.2 calcium channels and their involvement in an animal model of colonic hypersensitivity, and to assess their expression in the colonic mucosa of symptomatic IBS patients.

Methods

This bench‐to‐bed study combined a preclinical experimental study on mice and a case–control clinical study. Preclinical studies were performed on wild‐type and Cav3.2‐KO mice. Colonic sensitivity and Cav3.2 expression were studied after a low‐dose treatment of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS 0.5%). Regarding the clinical study, colonic biopsies were performed in 14 IBS patients and 16 controls during a colonoscopy to analyze the mucosal Cav3.2 expression.

Key results

Wild‐type, but not Cav3.2‐KO, mice developed visceral hypersensitivity without colonic inflammation, after 0.5% DSS treatment. A significant increase of Cav3.2 mRNA (p = 0.04) was found in the colon of low‐dose DSS‐treated wild‐type (WT) mice compared to their controls. In human colonic biopsies, the Cav3.2 mRNA level was significantly higher in the IBS group compared to the control group (p = 0.01). The immunofluorescence staining revealed their protein expression in colonic mucosa, particularly in nerve fibers.

Conclusions & inferences

This translational study supports the involvement of the calcium channels Cav3.2 in abdominal pain, as observed in IBS patients. It opens new therapeutic perspectives based on molecules specifically blocking these channels.
Heckscher–Ohlin: Evidence from Virtual Trade in Value Added
Authors: Ito Tadashi , Rotunno Lorenzo , Vézina Pierre‐Louis
Published: May 2016

The fragmentation of production chains across borders has been one of the most distinctive features of globalization since the 1980s. Nonetheless, our understanding of its implications for trade theory and policy is only in its infancy. We suggest that trade in value added should follow theories of comparative advantage more closely than gross trade, as value‐added flows capture where factors of production, e.g. skilled and unskilled labor, are used along the global value chain. We find empirical evidence that Heckscher–Ohlin theory does predict manufacturing trade in value‐added, and it does so better than for gross shipment flows. While countries export across a broad range of sectors, they contribute more value‐added in techniques using their abundant factor intensively.
INTERREGIONAL MIGRATION WITHIN RUSSIA AND ITS EAST‐WEST DIVIDE: EVIDENCE FROM SPATIAL PANEL REGRESSIONS
Authors: Sardadvar Sascha , Vakulenko Elena
Published: May 2016

The aim of this paper is to identify the determinants of migration within Russia by distinguishing between eastern (Asian) and western (European) regions. Using Russian official data for the observation period 2001–2010, we estimate non‐spatial panel and spatial panel lag of X model regressions for migration rates of 78 Russian regions with fixed effects. We apply in‐migration, out‐migration, and net‐migration measures as dependent variables and distinguish between internal and external migration. The results indicate that migrants react to changes in labor demand in eastern regions, while wealth makes western regions attractive. Furthermore, universities hinder out‐migration of eastern regions, but the share of tertiary educated persons has no measurable effect.
Gendered violence in natural disasters: Learning from New Orleans, Haiti and Christchurch
Authors: True Jacqui
Published: May 2016

Why are women so vulnerable to violence and death as a result of disaster compared with men? This article investigates how global environmental forces in the form of natural disasters from floods, droughts and famines to earthquakes, tsunamis and hurricanes affect women and men differently. Disasters are known to have direct and indirect impacts on gender-based violence particularly against women and girls, revealing a pattern of heightened violence and vulnerability in their aftermath. These gendered impacts are directly relevant to social work theory, practice and advocacy, which seek to promote social wellbeing and to prevent violence in homes and communities during and in the aftermath of disasters. The article argues that women’s unequal economic and social status relative to men before a disaster strikes determines the extent of their vulnerability to violence during and after a crisis. If gender-based violence and women’s particular needs are not addressed in disaster preparedness, disaster recovery plans and humanitarian assistance, then women and girls’ vulnerability will increase. The article offers some lessons based on primary research of responses to the 2010-2011 Christchurch earthquakes against the backdrop of what we know about the responses to an earthquake of similar magnitude in Haiti in 2009. It draws implications from this research for social work theory, practice and advocacy, highlighting the importance of ensuring that future disaster planning and decision making is gender-sensitive.
Social work in health – The way ahead
Authors: Winkelmann Gregory
Published: May 2016

In this opinion piece the challenges facing social workers working in the physical and mental health fields are outlined. These challenges include the growing emphasis on the more holistic approach to treatment that is gaining emphasis with the waning of the medical model, the application of te Tiriti o Waitangi to how we practise and the integration of bi-culturalism and multiculturalism into practice, and a greater emphasis on recovery and empowerment. The piece goes on to suggest how these challenges can be faced using an evidence-informed practice and interventions in a culturally and Treaty-responsive pathway.
Māori social workers’ experiences of care and protection: A selection of findings
Authors: Moyle Paora
Published: May 2016

This article explores the challenges faced by seven Māori social workers who are also members of Aotearoa New Zealand Association of Social Workers (ANZASW) working within the child protection system in Aotearoa. Their views on what has improved for Māori whānau around recent legislation changes to family group conferencing (FGC) and newer policy initiatives such as Whānau Ora are examined. The study used a Māori-centred research approach and a thematic analysis of participants’ accounts was undertaken. From this analysis it was found that: (a) the participants walked creatively between two world views in order to best meet the needs of their own people; (b) these Māori practitioners felt over-worked and under-valued; and (c) the participants viewed the practices within FGCs as biased, demonstrating a lack of bicultural ability and contributing to significant barriers that whānau Māori experience in care and protection.
Their stories – our history: John Fry, President of the Association 1972-4
Authors: Nash Mary
Published: May 2016

This article is based on an interview with John Fry, one-time President of the Aotearoa New Zealand Association of Social Workers of which he is now a Life Member. It describes, often in his own words, one man’s contribution over a 40-year period, to the social work profession and to the communities with which he worked. He is able to describe the early periods of urban drift, especially for Maori, and was respectfully working with traditional Maori communities in ways that challenged the dominant colonial attitudes present in the government institutions of the day.
Reminiscences of anti-racism training in the 1980s
Authors: Sayers Jackie
Published: May 2016

During the 1980s I enthusiastically embarked on study at master’s level. My passion was anti-racism training for social work students. But work commitments, family, the complexity of the subject and life in general interceded and I failed in my commitment to complete my thesis despite having done most of the work. I feltI let the students down. Reflecting on this with colleagues recently,I was challenged to write something forthe 50th anniversary journal publication of Social Work Review. These are my memories backed up with a little bit of checking in past publications of NZASW (New Zealand Association of Social Workers) as it was then known.
Host country responses to Black African migrants and refugees living with HIV
Authors: Henrickson Mark , Fouché Christa , Poindexter Cynthia , Brown Derek , Scott Kay
Published: May 2016

HIV has never respected national borders. In the context of displaced Africans the pan- demic takes on increased significance. This article reports findings from an exploratory study of Black African migrants and refugees living with HIV in New Zealand. While the issues are specific to this country and these participants, they have relevance to all coun- tries hosting newcomers; the need for a shift in meeting a changing demographic will be true for countries experiencing the African diaspora and resulting increase in HIV disease. Thirteen semi-structured interviews highlighted the importance of both African culture and host-country culture on experiences of stigma and decisions to access services. Participants’ African heritage played a crucial role in their decision to disclose while the host country culture was reflected in immigration requirements and participants’ experiences of care. Findings have relevance for shaping services to meet the needs of the increasing population of migrants and refugees globally.
Listening to student experiences of supervision
Authors: Moorhouse Leisa , Hay Kathryn , O'Donoghue Kieran
Published: May 2016

This article presents the findings from a qualitative study which explored student perceptions of their fieldwork supervision experiences and the relevance of this to key stakeholders in fieldwork. Participants perceived their supervision experiences were due to their understanding of the purpose and process of supervision; their assertiveness; supervisor experience and skill; the relationship and perceived compatibility between supervisee and supervisor, and luck. The implications identified from this study include the preparation of key stakeholders in fieldwork and the pivotal role and responsibility held by fieldwork coordinators in schools of social work.
Finding home: South African migration to New Zealand
Authors: Winbush Christine , Selby Rachel
Published: May 2016

South Africans have migrated to New Zealand either deliberately abandoning their country of birth or drawn to New Zealand as a country opening its arms to them to begin a new life. Leaving home means many do wait for their souls to arrive in their newly adopted home. Many have suffered grief and loss, while adapting and settling into a new country and culture. Most of the families that have come to New Zealand are either of English or Afrikaans background. They bring skills needed in New Zealand and while many have readily adapted there are many who have struggled with the change. This paper addresses the issue of culture shock and other associated tensions experienced by South African mi- grants with Afrikaans as their first language. Themes addressed in this article emerged from a review of the literature and in the course of a research project. They represent issues of importance for New Zealand teachers, social workers, counsellors, mental health workers and all who work with migrants.
Little Criminals: the study of a New Zealand Boys’ Home
Authors: Cohen David
Published: May 2016

Reviewed by Dugald McDonald ANZASW Life Member
Deciding to migrate: Stories of African immigrant women living in New Zealand
Authors: Adelowo Adesayo , Smythe Liz , Nakhid Camille
Published: May 2016

INTRODUCTION: With migratory movements of people increasing worldwide cultural competence is becoming a key social work capability. One aspect of cultural competence includes an appreciative understanding of new migrants reasons for migration. The immigration of black African people to New Zealand is a relatively recent phenomenon because, historically, immigration policy favoured people of British origin. This article aims to explore the experiences and motivations of black African women who were recent migrants to New Zealand.METHOD: The study used a purposive sample of 15 black African women migrants aged between 21 and 60 years. The women were all recent migrants from Africa having resided in New Zealand for a period of between one and five years. Data was collected using semistructured interviews and a narrative methodology based on Africentric philosophy.FINDINGS: For most of the women in the study migration was a positive choice made in order to secure educational and career opportunities for themselves and their children. For some there were also push factors in the form of political and economic instability in their countries of origin. Relationships with family and friends already living in New Zealand were also significant motivational factors.CONCLUSION: Social workers in New Zealand need an appreciative understanding of the culture and history of new migrants, but also of their aspirations and motivations for setting out on an epic journey for them and their families. This article offers insights into the motivations and aspirations of a group of recent black African women migrants, and challenges some common assumptions.
Researchers decry consent proposal
Authors: Kaiser Jocelyn
Published: May 2016

U.S. would require patient permission for use of anonymous tissue samples.
Transport solutions for cleaner air
Authors: Kelly Frank J. , Zhu Tong
Published: May 2016

In cities across the globe, road transport remains an important source of air pollutants that are linked with acute and chronic health effects. Decreasing vehicle emissions—while maintaining or increasing commuter journeys—remains a major challenge for city administrators. In London, congestion-charging and a citywide low-emission zone failed to bring nitrogen dioxide concentrations under control. In Beijing, controls on the purchase and use of cars have not decreased transport emissions to a sufficient extent. As cities continue to grow, not even zero-emission vehicles are the solution. Moving increasingly large numbers of people efficiently around a city can only be achieved by expanding mass transit systems.
Living in cities, naturally
Authors: Hartig Terry , Kahn Peter H.
Published: May 2016

Natural features, settings, and processes in urban areas can help to reduce stress associated with urban life. In this and other ways, public health benefits from, street trees, green roofs, community gardens, parks and open spaces, and extensive connective pathways for walking and biking. Such urban design provisions can also yield ecological benefits, not only directly but also through the role they play in shaping attitudes toward the environment and environmental protection. Knowledge of the psychological benefits of nature experience supports efforts to better integrate nature into the architecture, infrastructure, and public spaces of urban areas.
Leave no city behind
Authors: Acuto Michele , Parnell Susan
Published: May 2016

Close to 4 billion people live in cities. As the driver of environmental challenges, accounting for nearly 70% of the world's carbon emissions, and as sites of critical social disparities, with 863 million dwellers now living in slums, urban settlements are at the heart of global change. This momentum is unlikely to disappear, as approximately 70 million more people will move to cities by the end of this year alone. The good news is that recent multilateral processes are now appreciating this key role of cities and are increasingly prioritizing urban concerns in policy-making. Yet, how can we ensure that these steps toward a global urban governance leave no city, town, or urban dweller behind?
Complete Genome Sequence of Enterococcus faecium ATCC 700221
Authors: McKenney Peter T. , Ling Lilan , Wang Guilin , Mane Shrikant , Pamer Eric G.
Published: May 2016

We report the complete genome sequence of a vancomycin-resistant isolate of
Enterococcus faecium
derived from human feces. The genome comprises one chromosome of 2.9 Mb and three plasmids. The strain harbors a plasmid-borne
vanA-
type vancomycin resistance locus and is a member of multilocus sequencing type (MLST) cluster ST-17.
Complete Genomic Characterization of
Plum bark necrosis stem pitting–associated virus
Infecting Sweet Cherry in China
Authors: Wang Jiawei , Zhai Ying , Liu Weizhen , Zhu Dongzi , Pappu Hanu R. , Liu Qingzhong
Published: May 2016

Plum bark necrosis stem pitting–associated virus
(PBNSPaV) causes the plum bark necrosis stem pitting–associated disease. We obtained the complete genome of a PBNSPaV isolate (PBNSPaV-TA) using small RNA deep sequencing followed by overlapping RT-PCR. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a completed genome of PBNSPaV identified from cherry trees.
Diversity and Activity of Communities Inhabiting Plastic Debris in the North Pacific Gyre
Authors: Bryant Jessica A. , Clemente Tara M. , Viviani Donn A. , Fong Allison A. , Thomas Kimberley A. , Kemp Paul , Karl David M. , White Angelicque E. , DeLong Edward F.
Published: May 2016

Marine plastic debris is a growing concern that has captured the general public’s attention. While the negative impacts of plastic debris on oceanic macrobiota, including mammals and birds, are well documented, little is known about its influence on smaller marine residents, including microbes that have key roles in ocean biogeochemistry. Our work provides a new perspective on microbial communities inhabiting microplastics that includes its effect on microbial biogeochemical activities and a description of the cross-domain communities inhabiting plastic particles. This study is among the first molecular ecology, plastic debris biota surveys in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. It has identified fundamental differences in the functional potential and taxonomic composition of plastic-associated microbes versus planktonic microbes found in the surrounding open-ocean habitat.
Recurrent spontaneous scleral rupture in Marfan's syndrome
Authors: Turaga Kiranmaye , Senthil Sirisha , Jalali Subhadra
Published: May 2016

The ocular manifestations of Marfan's syndrome (MS) range from ectopia lentis, microspherophakia, myopia, glaucoma and retinal detachment. Spontaneous scleral rupture is a rare complication and recurrent scleral perforation is extremely rare. We report a rare case of a 26-year-old male with MS who had sequential recurrent spontaneous scleral rupture which required surgical repair. He suffered from a similar problem 4 years later in both eyes in a different location, with overlying thin cystic blebs and hypotony maculopathy. Surgical repair with preserved scleral donor patch graft and conjunctival autograft in one eye, and conjunctival advancement in the other eye was performed. This helped stabilise the eyes, and resulted in complete visual recovery in both eyes.