bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Note on Simple Models
Authors: Carey John M.
Published: January 2023

Herein I propose a moratorium on the use of the word “simple” immediately preceding the word “model” in any communication, written or verbal, between and among political scientists.
A Further Look at Child Support Guidelines
Authors: Gay Roger F.
Published: January 2023

Jo Michelle Beld's article on child support guidelines defends the efforts of the Minnesota Child Support Enforcement Division to maintain the state's formula for determining child support award amounts (2003). She responds to long-standing criticism, in this instance conveyed by Stephen Baskerville, that the child support enforcement community, which has a financial interest in child support amounts, exercises unchecked authority through the forced use of guidelines, and that as a result, child support awards are arbitrarily high (2002).
“Small Spaces” Correction
Authors: Aoki Andrew L.
Published: January 2023

When compiling data for the article “Small Spaces for Different Faces: Political Science Scholarship on Asian Pacific Americans” (July 2004 PS), I inadvertently omitted the numbers for one issue of Social Science Quarterly. The omission does not change any of the rankings, but it does alter some figures slightly. The correct numbers for the affected totals are as follows:
Forecasting the Presidential Vote in 2004: Placing Preference Polls in Context
Authors: Campbell James E.
Published: January 2023

The trial-heat poll and economy forecasting model is a simple model based on a simple principle. The model uses just two predictor variables to forecast the in-party presidential candidate's share of the national two-party popular vote. The first is the in-party presidential candidate's share of support between the major party candidates in the Gallup Poll's trial-heat (or preference) poll question around Labor Day. The second predictor is the Bureau of Economic Analysis' (BEA) measure of real growth in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the second quarter of the election year (April through June). The GDP measurement is the “preliminary” measure released by the BEA at the end of August, the latest available in time to be used in the forecast. An in-party presidential candidate who is the incumbent is accorded full responsibility for the economy in the equation and a successor or non-incumbent in-party candidate is accorded half the credit or blame for the growth or decline in the economy. This partial credit or blame for successor candidates refl ects both past experience in forecasting (Campbell 2000) and independent findings regarding the effects of retrospective evaluations of the economy on voting behavior (Nadeau and Lewis-Beck 2001). The regression estimated forecasts based on these two predictors, estimated over the 14 presidential elections from 1948 to 2000, is a mix of about two-thirds trial-heat poll and one-third economic growth. In essence, with the preference poll at the center of the prediction, the forecast may be interpreted as an adjusted preference poll.
Introduction—Political Scientists in McConnell v. FEC
Authors: Krasno Jonathan S.
Published: January 2023

The Supreme Court's sweeping decision in December, 2003, in McConnell v. FEC was as unexpected as it was dramatic. For months the conventional wisdom had been that the Court was certain to overturn one and possibly both of the main parts of the McCain-Feingold law, or otherwise substantially narrow the statue. Instead, the justices, by a slim 5-4 majority, did just the opposite; not only upholding the law but doing so in terms that virtually echoed the defendants' arguments. Proponents were stunned and thrilled. Opponents were appalled; Justice Scalia called it the “opening act of a national tragedy.” Both sides agreed, however, that the decision in McConnell stands as one of the most important campaign finance and First Amendment precedents in several decades.
For the Plaintiffs: The Honor and Humility of Defending Political Parties in Court
Authors: La Raja Ray , Milkis Sidney M.
Published: January 2023

How did two political scientists, both lifelong Democrats, end up working for the Republican National Committee (RNC)? We did so with more than a little trepidation and only after consulting extensively with each other and our friends. Many considerations influenced our difficult decision to join the plaintiffs as expert witnesses in McConnell v. FEC, but the most important factor was that we shared a long-standing commitment to the party system and feared that the Bipartisan Campaign Finance Act (BCRA), the most significant campaign finance legislation to be passed in 25 years, marked the dangerous culmination of a regulatory regime, born of the Progressive era, that weakened the parties' ability to engage in those activities that have made them so important to the working of constitutional government in the United States. Moreover, we predicted that BCRA would shift money and the balance of power away from political parties and towards interest groups, with serious consequences for American democracy.
Whither Political Science? Reflections on Professor Sartori's claim that “American-type political science…is going nowhere. It is an ever growing giant with feet of clay”
Authors: Laitin David D.
Published: January 2023

Political science remains an emergent discipline; but research within it has congealed around a set of well-defined programs that has engaged an international community of scholars. Here I will identify three of these programs in order to show the continued intellectual vibrancy of the discipline. First, in normative theory, political scientists are working out the implications of John Rawls' A Theory of Justice in a program that has reinvigorated liberalism to make it speak to core political issues of our time. Second, in a program once embedded bureaucratically in “American Politics,” political scientists are working out the implications of Duncan Black's median voter theorem in an expanded set of democratic countries with different institutional details to address the core political issues of representation and accountability. Third, relying on extensive cross-sectional time-series data previously unavailable, on computer programs not imaginable a generation ago, and on theoretical developments in econometrics, political scientists are fulfilling a dream of the founders of the behavioral revolution (Stein Rokkan, S. M. Lipset, and Karl Deutsch) by addressing systematically the sources of democracy and political order. To be sure, there are other political science research programs, for example, in international relations, in comparative political economy, and in political psychology, that could well have been elucidated in this essay. My goal here, in addressing Professor Sartori's jeremiad, is not to show the scope of the field, but rather its quality, its internationalism, and its real-world relevance. This is best done with a few select examples.
Handicapping the 2004 Presidential Election: A Normal Vote Approach
Authors: Nardulli Peter F.
Published: January 2023

Conventional wisdom about the 2004 presidential election holds that it will be an exceptionally tight race. This wisdom is grounded in the results of the 2000 presidential election, current polls, and a general sense that electoral competition at the presidential level has tightened over the past decade. While there is ample justification for these beliefs, an examination of long-term voting trends (i.e., normal voting patterns) paints a different picture. In terms of the relative size of their electoral base, and its distribution across states, the Democrats begin the 2004 campaign with a distinct electoral advantage. Historically speaking, they have not begun a presidential campaign in such a strong position since 1944. Practically speaking, all the Democrats need to do is win the states in which they have a normal vote advantage to capture the presidency. If the Democrats can do this they need not win any Southern states in which the Republicans hold an electoral edge, including Florida. Moreover, even if Ralph Nader matches his statelevel returns in 2000, this will not be sufficient (by itself) to overcome the Democrats' electoral advantage in states that are essential to attaining an Electoral College majority.
Reflections on Mentoring: Black Women and the Academy
Authors: Jordan-Zachery Julia S.
Published: January 2023

Mentoring is generally defined as a relationship involving guiding, nurturing, and teaching (both formally and informally) between individuals with differing degrees of experience (Adams 1998; Colwell 1998; Rowley 1999). The mentoring process, in and outside the walls of academia, is often cited as a key ingredient in the development of a successful career. However, for many Black women in academia their ability to benefit from mentoring relationships is particularly limited. As part of my involvement in the APSA Mentoring Task Force, I am exploring the concept of mentoring among Black women. I focus on Black women for several reasons. First, I am a member of this group and have a particular interest in exploring the nuances of mentoring. My identification with this group has made me privy to a number of discussions on mentoring, both positive and negative. Second, Black women represent 1.21% of the 4,126 tenure track professors, of which only nine are full professors (Kelly 2002, 22). The large majority of African Americans in the profession are concentrated among the ranks of associate (18 out of 1,230) and assistant professors (20 out of 1,038). The limited number Black women in the profession can result in a condition in which potential mentors are unavailable to junior scholars, or there are few opportunities to establish relationships. My purpose is not to focus on the problems of Black women in academia, instead it is to bring attention to a major issue, mentoring, which can enhance or limit the success of this group in the discipline. In this article, I interview five Black women at various stages in their careers. The interviewees include an undergraduate student, a graduate student (ABD), an assistant professor, an associate professor, and a retired professor. The goal of this article is to reveal the special demands of mentoring on this small minority in the discipline. However, much of the information revealed is useful for anyone interested in the mentoring process.
Susan Moller Okin
Authors: Ackerly Brooke , Mansbridge Jane , Rosenblum Nancy , Shanley Molly , Tickner J. Ann , Young Iris Marion
Published: January 2023

The entry in W. H. Auden's Commonplace Book for “Justice” cautions: “Whoever suffers from the malady of being unable to endure any injustice, must never look out of the window, but stay in his room with the door shut. He would also do well, perhaps, to throw away his mirror.” Susan Moller Okin suffered this malady but rejected the poet's advice. She opened the window and looked in the mirror; her writings reflect sensitivity to injustice and acute awareness that her position of privilege and her good fortune made the work she did a moral imperative. The temper of her work was set by her political sensibility to the consequences of strength and weakness and by unflagging attention to the events of our world.
Executive Director's Report, 2004
Authors: Brintnall Michael
Published: January 2023

The executive director's report each year represents APSA's annual report and provides an opportunity to comment on current issues facing the Association and the discipline. This year's report touches on activities in all of our major program areas. In this preface, I'd like to mention several priority areas in which the Association took new steps in the last year. This should be acknowledged in the context of our substantial on-going agenda to meet the basic responsibilities of the Association by advancing the discipline of political science through our highly pro ductive Annual Meeting, three strong journals, broad com munity building activities through or ganized sections, status committees, special projects, and much more.
Congressional Endeavor: The Nexus of Political Powers
Authors: Ibrahim Ezzat
Published: January 2023

The APSA Congressional Fellowship is quite a new program in the Middle East. Thanks to a recent partnership between the American Political Science Association and the Fulbright Commission researchers and journalists from different parts of the world have the chance to participate in the distinguished program. Given the fact that such programs are not well known outside the academic field, the Fulbright Commission in Cairo took the initiative to invite more people from different fields. As a journalist working for a leading newspaper in the Arab World, Al-Ahram, the experience of a 10-month focus on the U.S. Congress has thrilled me because the basic knowledge of the U.S. legislative body in the Arab world has been either inaccurate or insufficient.
Theory on the South Side: Muhal Richard Abrams's Engagement with Joseph Schillinger's System of Musical Composition
Authors: Hannaford Marc E.
Published: January 2023

Muhal Richard Abrams's ground-breaking work as a composer, improviser, and cofounder of the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians (AACM) is far reaching and multifaceted. Russian composer, theorist, and polymath Joseph Schillinger appears repeatedly in discussions of Abrams and the AACM, suggesting that music theory played a generative role in Abrams's creative practice and pedagogy. This article focuses on Abrams's engagement with The Schillinger System of Musical Composition. It theorizes Abrams's incorporation of Schillinger's work into his broader creative pallette, analyzes Abrams's compositional application of Schillinger's theory, and suggests conceptual resonances between Abrams's creative practice and the text. Ultimately, this article suggests a larger network of African American theorists, which I conceptualize as “fugitive music theory.”
The Characteristics of Traveling Planetary Waves in the Troposphere and Mesosphere on Mars
Authors: Gong Yun , Xiao Qiao , Ma Zheng , Zhang Shaodong , Zhou Qihou , Huang Chunming , Huang Kaiming
Published: January 2023

Using the temperature provided by the Mars Global Circulation Model (MGCM) reanalysis data from Mars Year 30–32, we investigate the global characteristics of eastward traveling planetary waves (TPWs) with different periods in the Martian atmosphere. Based on the wavenumbers and frequencies, the TPWs in the Martian atmosphere are mainly divided into three modes: quasi‐3‐sol waves with eastward wavenumber 2, quasi‐6.5‐sol waves with eastward wavenumber 1, and quasi‐20‐sol waves with eastward wavenumber 1. The temporal, latitudinal, and altitudinal distributions of TPWs are revealed. The amplitudes of these TPWs are all stronger in the Northern Hemisphere than those in the Southern Hemisphere and are annually enhanced during autumn and winter. Quasi‐3‐sol waves are strongest in the lower troposphere from 40°N to 70°N. Quasi‐6.5‐sol waves dominate in the upper troposphere at the latitude from 55°N to 80°N. Quasi‐20‐sol waves exhibit a double‐peak structure in the upper troposphere and the mesosphere from 55°N to 82.5°N in autumn. Additionally, the features of solsticial pause are observed in the quasi‐3‐sol waves at the surface, in the quasi‐6.5‐sol waves from the surface to the middle troposphere, and in the quasi‐20‐sol waves in the lower troposphere. Our analysis suggests that the appearance of the solsticial pause is mainly related to the lack of strong wave sinks or wave sources during the winter solstice.
CO2 Flux Inversion With a Regional Joint Data Assimilation System Based on CMAQ, EnKS, and Surface Observations
Authors: Peng Zhen , Kou Xingxia , Zhang Meigen , Lei Lili , Miao Shiguang , Wang Hengmao , Jiang Fei , Han Xiao , Fang Shuangxi
Published: January 2023

Most of China's carbon sink inversion research uses global atmospheric transport models to assimilate natural fluxes, which quantifies the biosphere and ocean carbon budget with a relative coarse spatial resolution and long timescale from a weekly or monthly perspective. Toward high‐resolution inversion of CO2 fluxes, a novel carbon flux forecast model was developed in this study, which was then further used to carry out carbon assimilation based on a regional chemical transport model (CMAQ) at higher spatial (64 × 64 km2) and temporal (1 hr) resolutions. An Ensemble Kalman Smoother was applied as the assimilation algorithm and further extended to assimilate surface CO2 observations. Concentrations and fluxes were simultaneously assimilated as state variables to help reduce the uncertainty in the initial CO2 fields with the joint data assimilation framework (JDAS). In general, the posterior fluxes reproduced the seasonal, daily and hourly variation effectively, demonstrating the ability to fully absorb and utilize observations. Moreover, the influence of the choice of assimilation window on the carbon flux inversion was assessed via sensitivity experiments, revealing 36 hr to be the optimum length. Evaluation of the prior and posterior flux simulations also indicated that JDAS offers reasonable improvements, making it suitable for fine‐scale flux optimization and estimation. In addition, the posterior biosphere estimation in mainland China (−682 TgC yr−1) tends to be the optimal mathematical solution under current sparse observation coverage with daytime photosynthetic uptake, which likely leads to the overestimation of the optimized CO2 sink. This study serves as a basis for future regional and urban assessment.
Three Dimensional Lower Extremity Musculoskeletal Geometry of the Visible Human Female and Male
Authors: Andreassen Thor E. , Hume Donald R. , Hamilton Landon D. , Walker Karen E. , Higinbotham Sean E. , Shelburne Kevin B.
Published: January 2023

Models and simulations of human function impact medicine and medical technology. Particularly, musculoskeletal modeling provides an avenue for insight into the human body, which might not be otherwise possible. However, reaching the ultimate goal of functional multi-scale human models has been slowed by the lack of freely available datasets of anatomical models and geometries. Moreover, female-specific geometries have been neglected with a widespread emphasis on male geometry. To help realize this goal, we have developed and shared complete three-dimensional musculoskeletal geometries extracted from the National Libraries of Medicine Visible Human Female and Male cryosections. Muscle, bone, cartilage, ligament, and fat from the pelvis to the ankle were digitized and exported. These geometries provide a foundation for continued work in human musculoskeletal simulation with high-fidelity deformable tissues that enable a better understanding of normal function and the evaluation of pathologies and treatments. This work is novel as it includes both the male and female Visible Human specimens, outputs at multiple levels of post-processing for maximum data reuse, and is publicly available.
Multimodality annotated hepatocellular carcinoma data set including pre- and post-TACE with imaging segmentation
Authors: Moawad Ahmed W. , Morshid Ali , Khalaf Ahmed M. , Elmohr Mohab M. , Hazle John D. , Fuentes David , Badawy Mohamed , Kaseb Ahmed O. , Hassan Manal , Mahvash Armeen , Szklaruk Janio , Qayyum Aliyya , Abusaif Abdelrahman , Bennett William C. , Nolan Tracy S. , Camp Brittney , Elsayes Khaled M.
Published: January 2023

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver neoplasm, and its incidence has doubled over the past two decades owing to increasing risk factors. Despite surveillance, most HCC cases are diagnosed at advanced stages and can only be treated using transarterial chemo-embolization (TACE) or systemic therapy. TACE failure may occur with incidence reaching up to 60% of cases, leaving patients with a financial and emotional burden. Radiomics has emerged as a new tool capable of predicting tumor response to TACE from pre-procedural computed tomography (CT) studies. This data report defines the HCC-TACE data collection of confirmed HCC patients who underwent TACE and have pre- and post-procedure CT imaging studies and available treatment outcomes (time-to-progression and overall survival). Clinically curated segmentation of pre-procedural CT studies was done for the purpose of algorithm training for prediction and automatic liver tumor segmentation.
Air quality, meteorological variability and pediatric respiratory syncytial virus infections in Singapore
Authors: Lee Meng Han , Mailepessov Diyar , Yahya Khairunnisa , Loo Liat Hui , Maiwald Matthias , Aik Joel
Published: January 2023

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of respiratory illness among children. While studies have focused on the air-quality and climate dependence of RSV infections, few have been undertaken in South-East Asia where the burden of respiratory illness is among the highest across the globe. This study aimed to determine the relationships between climatic factors and air quality with RSV infections among children in Singapore. We obtained all laboratory-confirmed reports of RSV infections in children below 5 years old from the largest public hospital specializing in pediatric healthcare in Singapore. We assessed the independent cumulative effects of air quality and meteorological factors on RSV infection risk using the Distributed Lag Non-Linear Model (DLNM) framework in negative binomial models adjusted for long-term trend, seasonality and changes in the diagnostic systems. We included 15,715 laboratory-confirmed RSV reports from 2009 to 2019. Daily maximum temperature exhibited a complex, non-linear association with RSV infections. Absolute humidity (Relative Risk, 90th percentile [RR90th percentile]: 1.170, 95% CI: [1.102, 1.242]) was positively associated with RSV risk. Higher levels of particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter of less than (i) 2.5 µm (PM2.5), (ii) 10 µm (PM10), carbon monoxide (CO) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) were associated with lower RSV infection risk. RSV infections exhibited both annual and within-year seasonality. Our findings suggest that falls in ambient temperature and rises in absolute humidity exacerbated pediatric RSV infection risk while increases in air pollutant concentrations were associated with lowered infection risk. These meteorological factors, together with the predictable seasonality of RSV infections, can inform the timing of mitigation measures aimed at reducing transmission.
Plasma immobilization of azobenzene dye on polyamide 6 polymer
Authors: Yari Mohammad Reza , Zakerhamidi Mohammad Sadegh , Ghomi Hamid
Published: January 2023

Plasma treatment of polymeric materials is a cost-effective and efficient technique to modify the surface and change the constituent unit configuration. This research investigates the effects of argon DC glow discharge plasma on pure and DR1 dye-loaded polyamide 6 polymer films and stabilization of dye on the surface. Plasma breaks some bonds and activates the surface through creating reactive structures such as free radical sites on the surface and increases tertiary amides on the surface of polymer. Besides, this process alters surface topographical characteristics and conformation of azobenzene dye which are effective on the durability of the dye on the surface. Plasma causes interactions of the dye with the polymer and immobilizes the dye on the polymer. On the other hand, these interactions lead to changes in the dye's optical and geometric isomeric activity and stability. This work studies the chemical and morphological changes of polyamide 6 by plasma with AFM and spectroscopic methods. Furthermore, the aging of nylon 6 films loaded with DR1 dye is measured, and the conformational changes of the dye are investigated. Plasma stabilizes the dye on the polymer surface through making changes of chemical and physical properties on the surface components.
Raman amplification for trapped radiation in crystalline single Si nanoparticle
Authors: Mannino G. , Condorelli M. , Compagnini G. , Faraci G.
Published: January 2023

In a single crystalline Si particle, we observed a huge amplification of the Raman peak at 521 cm−1. With an AFM microscope, coupled with a Micro-Raman spectrometer, we investigate a single Si particle at wavelengths of 532 nm, 633 nm, and 785 nm. As observed by transmission electron microscopy, it has an octahedral shape of 150 nm in size. Thermal effects were detected on the Raman peak when the laser radiation, trapped inside, determines the heating of the particle up to its fusion. In these cases, the Raman peak splits into two components, the first at the crystal position and the other shifted at a lower value. The data permit the identification of the amplification mechanism of the Raman peak as trapped radiation moving forward and backwards into the particle. The thermal effects are attributed to phonon confinement and reduced thermal exchange with the surrounding. The present results are discussed in light of local order, the uncertainty principle, and phonon dispersion curves, and corroborated by shape-dependent simulation of absorption, scattering, and extinction behaviour.
Hyperbolic matrix factorization improves prediction of drug-target associations
Authors: Poleksic Aleksandar
Published: January 2023

Past research in computational systems biology has focused more on the development and applications of advanced statistical and numerical optimization techniques and much less on understanding the geometry of the biological space. By representing biological entities as points in a low dimensional Euclidean space, state-of-the-art methods for drug-target interaction (DTI) prediction implicitly assume the flat geometry of the biological space. In contrast, recent theoretical studies suggest that biological systems exhibit tree-like topology with a high degree of clustering. As a consequence, embedding a biological system in a flat space leads to distortion of distances between biological objects. Here, we present a novel matrix factorization methodology for drug-target interaction prediction that uses hyperbolic space as the latent biological space. When benchmarked against classical, Euclidean methods, hyperbolic matrix factorization exhibits superior accuracy while lowering embedding dimension by an order of magnitude. We see this as additional evidence that the hyperbolic geometry underpins large biological networks.
Short photoperiod modulates behavior, cognition and hippocampal neurogenesis in male Japanese quail
Authors: Georgelin Marion , Ferreira Vitor Hugo Bessa , Cornilleau Fabien , Meurisse Maryse , Poissenot Kévin , Beltramo Massimiliano , Keller Matthieu , Lansade Léa , Dardente Hugues , Calandreau Ludovic
Published: January 2023

The mechanisms underlying the photoperiodic control of reproduction in mammals and birds have been recently clarified. In contrast, the potential impact of photoperiod on more complex, integrative processes, such as cognitive behaviors, remains poorly characterized. Here, we investigated the impact of contrasted long and short photoperiods (LP, 16 h light/day and SP, 8 h light/day, respectively) on learning, spatial orientation abilities, and emotional reactivity in male Japanese quail. In addition, we quantified cell proliferation and young cell maturation/migration within the hippocampus, a brain region involved in spatial orientation. Our study reveals that, in male quail, SP increases emotional responses and spatial orientation abilities, compared to LP. Behaviorally, SP birds were found to be more fearful than LP birds, exhibiting more freezing in the open field and taking longer to exit the dark compartment in the emergence test. Furthermore, SP birds were significantly less aggressive than LP birds in a mirror test. Cognitively, SP birds were slower to habituate and learn a spatial orientation task compared to LP birds. However, during a recall test, SP birds performed better than LP birds. From a neuroanatomical standpoint, SP birds had a significantly lower density of young neurons, and also tended to have a lower density of mature neurons within the hippocampus, compared to LP birds. In conclusion, our data reveal that, beyond breeding control, photoperiod also exerts a profound influence on behavior, cognition, and brain plasticity, which comprise the seasonal program of this species.
Switchable synthesis of natural-product-like lawsones and indenopyrazoles through regioselective ring-expansion of indantrione
Authors: Hu Bingwei , Yan Wenxin , Jiang Peiyun , Jiang Ling , Yuan Xu , Lin Jun , Jiao Yinchun , Jin Yi
Published: January 2023

Lawsones and indenopyrazoles are the prevalent structural motifs and building blocks in pharmaceuticals and bioactive molecules, but their synthesis has always remained challenging as no comprehensive protocol has been outlined to date. Herein, a metal-free, ring-expansion reaction of indantrione with diazomethanes, generated in situ from the N-tosylhydrazones, has been developed for the synthesis of lawsone and indenopyrazole derivatives in acetonitrile and alcohol solvents, respectively. It provides these valuable lawsone and pyrazole skeletons in good yields and high levels of diastereoselectivity from simple and readily available starting materials. DFT calculations were used to explore the mechanism in different solutions. The synthetic application example also showed the prospects of this method for the preparation of valuable compounds.
Nontarget analysis and fluorine atom balances of transformation products from UV/sulfite degradation of perfluoroalkyl contaminants
Authors: Bowers Bailey B. , Lou Zimo , Xu Jiang , De Silva Amila O. , Xu Xinhua , Lowry Gregory V. , Sullivan Ryan C.
Published: January 2023

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) reduction via the hydrated electron yields highly fluorinated (and thus still concerning) transformation products, which can be characterized via nontarget analysis using high-resolution mass spectrometry.
CuAAC ensembled 1,2,3-triazole linked nanogels for targeted drug delivery: a review
Authors: Singh Gurleen , Majeed Ather , Singh Riddima , George Nancy , Singh Gurjaspreet , Gupta Sofia , Singh Harminder , Kaur Gurpreet , Singh Jandeep
Published: January 2023

Copper(i) catalyzed alkyne azide cycloaddition is the quintessential example of ‘Click Chemistry’, provides an adaptable platform for the synthesis of nanogels for sustained drug release at targeted sites owing to their better biocompatibility.
Graphene quantum dots functionalised with rhamnolipid produced from bioconversion of palm kernel oil by Pseudomonas stutzeri BK-AB12MT as a photocatalyst
Authors: Habibah Fera Faridatul , Ivansyah Atthar Luqman , Ivan Samuel , Hertadi Rukman
Published: January 2023

Schematic reaction of photodegradation of methylene blue by RL-GQDs.
Exploring MOF-199 composites as redox-active materials for hybrid battery-supercapacitor devices
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Zahir , Shaheen Misbah , Khan Muhammad Waqas , Siddique Salma , Aftab Sikandar , Wabaidur Saikh Mohammad , Iqbal Muhammad Javaid
Published: January 2023

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as intriguing porous materials with diverse potential applications.
Novel N-doped carbon dots derived from citric acid and urea: fluorescent sensing for determination of metronidazole and cytotoxicity studies
Authors: Qi Haiyan , Qiu Lixin , Zhang Xiaohong , Yi Tonghui , Jing Jing , Sami Rokayya , Alanazi Sitah F. , Alqahtani Zahrah , Aljabri Mahmood D. , Rahman Mohammed M.
Published: January 2023

N-CDs were prepared with a high fluorescence quantum yield of 35.08%. N-CDs have been employed to detect metronidazole in commercial metronidazole tablets. N-CDs exhibited quick response time, high selectivity and sensitivity, and low cytotoxicity.
A rational design of multiple-layer films with continuous impedance gradient variation for enhanced microwave absorption
Authors: Quan Bin , Wang Yu , Chen Yu , Zhang Mingji , Liu Jun , Jia Qi , Lu Xiaochi , Chen Jun , Huang Xiaogu
Published: January 2023

Multiple-layer films with impedance matching gradient have been fabricated in this work to be applied as wearable and portable devices for micowave absorption.
Effects of monolayer and bilayer silica films on Fe-Phthalocyanine adsorption properties
Authors: Jabrane Meysoun , El Hafidi Mohamed , El Hafidi Mohamed Youssef , Sajid Muhammad , Kara Abdelkader
Published: January 2023

We explore the adsorption properties of Fe-Phthalocyanine (FePc) molecule at various configurations of silica films supported by Ru(0001) and report on the geometric, electronic and magnetic features of the energetically preferred structures to fully understand the influence of the silica films on the adsorption properties of the FePc molecule. The investigation is carried out with the use of density of functional theory calculations and the self-consistent inclusion of van der Waals interaction. In addition, Oxygen atoms are added to govern the atomic structure of the silica overlayers on the surface. Our results show that both FePc/silica thin film systems exhibit both physisorption and chemisorption simultaneously. In addition, the FePc molecule on each substrate undergoes a symmetry reduction driven by mismatch with the substrates' symmetry as well as the breakup of the degenerate orbitals of Fe.
Pneumologische Rehabilitation bei Long Covid –
Gesundheitliche Veränderungen am Ende der stationären
Rehabilitationsmaßnahme
Authors: Rutsch Mercedes , Frommhold Jördis , Buhr-Schinner Heike , Gross Thomas , Schüller Per Otto , Deck Ruth
Published: January 2023

Hintergrund Ein Teil der Covid-19-Erkrankten kann über die akute
Krankheitsphase hinaus von persistierenden Symptomen und langfristigen
Krankheitsfolgen (Long Covid) betroffen sein, die wiederum
Teilhabeieinschränkungen zur Folge haben können. Deshalb richtet
sich der Blick verstärkt auf die medizinische Rehabilitation, die mit
Long Covid vor Herausforderungen gestellt wird.

Methodik Es wird eine prospektive, exploratorische Beobachtungsstudie
durchgeführt. Die schriftliche Befragung von
Long-Covid-Rehabilitand*innen findet am Anfang und Ende der
pneumologischen Rehabilitation statt. Ziel der Studie ist die Beschreibung der
Reha-Inhalte und -Ziele, der subjektiven Belastungen, der sozialen und
beruflichen Teilhabe sowie der gesundheitsbezogenen Veränderungen.
Erhoben wurden u. a. krankheitsspezifische Symptome,
Lebensqualität, Teilhabe, psychische Beeinträchtigungen, Fatigue
sowie Leistungsfähigkeit.

Ergebnisse Es nahmen N=221 Long-Covid-Rehabilitand*innen
im Rahmen ihres Heilverfahrens an der schriftlichen Befragung teil. Die
Fragebogenerhebung zeigt am Ende der Rehabilitation bei fast allen
Outcomeparametern signifikante Verbesserungen mit großem Effekt
(p<0.01; ES zwischen 0.76 (Ängstlichkeit) und 1.30 (Fatigue)).
Sämtliche Corona-Symptome, wie Luftnot bei Belastung, Abgeschlagenheit
oder Kraftlosigkeit, verbessern sich signifikant zum Ende der Reha mit ebenfalls
zum Teil großem Effekt. Am häufigsten nennen die
Rehabilitand*innen als Reha-Ziel die Verbesserung ihrer Gesundheit
(92%), Erhöhung ihrer Leistungsfähigkeit (92%)
und Verbesserung der Atemmuskelkraft (78%). Diese Ziele werden von 60
bis 70% erreicht, deutlich weniger Rehabilitand*innen erreichen
die Wiederherstellung der Arbeitsfähigkeit (32%) oder eine
bessere Konzentrationsfähigkeit (17%). Die Atemphysiotherapie,
das Ausdauertraining und die Medizinische Trainingstherapie werden als am
hilfreichsten beschrieben. Am Ende der Rehabilitation bewerten 76% ihren
Reha-Erfolg anhand einer Einzelfrage als gut bis ausgezeichnet.

Schlussfolgerungen Die ersten Daten der Studie zeigen, dass
Long-Covid-Patient*innen erheblichen Belastungen ausgesetzt sind. Durch
die medizinische Rehabilitation erleben die Betroffenen medizinische und soziale
Unterstützung und erreichen signifikante Verbesserungen in allen
erfassten gesundheitsbezogenen Zielgrößen.
Prehospital Cardiac Arrest Should be Considered When Evaluating Coronavirus Disease 2019 Mortality in the United States
Authors: Williams Nick
Published: January 2023

Background Public health emergencies leave little time to develop novel surveillance efforts. Understanding which preexisting clinical datasets are fit for surveillance use is of high value. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) offers a natural applied informatics experiment to understand the fitness of clinical datasets for use in disease surveillance.

Objectives This study evaluates the agreement between legacy surveillance time series data and discovers their relative fitness for use in understanding the severity of the COVID-19 emergency. Here fitness for use means the statistical agreement between events across series.

Methods Thirteen weekly clinical event series from before and during the COVID-19 era for the United States were collected and integrated into a (multi) time series event data model. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) COVID-19 attributable mortality, CDC's excess mortality model, national Emergency Medical Services (EMS) calls, and Medicare encounter level claims were the data sources considered in this study. Cases were indexed by week from January 2015 through June of 2021 and fit to Distributed Random Forest models. Models returned the variable importance when predicting the series of interest from the remaining time series.

Results Model r2 statistics ranged from 0.78 to 0.99 for the share of the volumes predicted correctly. Prehospital data were of high value, and cardiac arrest (CA) prior to EMS arrival was on average the best predictor (tied with study week). COVID-19 Medicare claims volumes can predict COVID-19 death certificates (agreement), while viral respiratory Medicare claim volumes cannot predict Medicare COVID-19 claims (disagreement).

Conclusion Prehospital EMS data should be considered when evaluating the severity of COVID-19 because prehospital CA known to EMS was the strongest predictor on average across indices.
Costimulatory Molecules OX40 and OX40L Upregulation in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Blood-Based Study
Authors: Sani Aliya Irshad , Rubab Zila , Usman Shumaila , Ahmed Syed Zaryab , Arif Sadia
Published: January 2023

Objectives This research aimed to determine OX40 and OX40L mRNA expression in blood samples of naive oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients in different histological grades and clinical stages. The in silico analysis was performed using the STRING database for functional association and a better understanding of the interactions of OX40 and its ligand with other proteins.

Materials and Methods In this study, we recruited 141 newly diagnosed patients of OSCC. Levels of OX40 and OX40L mRNA expression were explored using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. An in silico tool was also utilized to evaluate the OX40/OX40L interactome.

Results The results showed higher OX40 expressional levels in the late stage (23-fold) compared with the early stage (8.5-fold) (p = < 0.001). A similar trend was seen in OX40L mRNA expression, revealing a fold change of 5.8 in the early stage in comparison to 9.9-fold change in the late stage (p = < 0.001). Overexpression of OX40 and OX40L was found in different histological grades (p = 0.005 and p = < 0.001, respectively). Overexpression of OX40 and OX40L was detected in habits such as smoking and paan intake, whereas statistically significant upregulation was observed in the cheek, lip, and alveolus tumors. However, there was no substantial difference in OX40 and OX40L expression based on age or gender. The functional interactions, that is, interactomes of OX40 and OX40L with other proteins have been determined by in silico analysis.

Conclusion Based on current study findings, despite OX40 and OX40L upregulation in newly diagnosed OSCC patients, it is speculated that the physiological function of these molecules is altered due to immune system exhaustion.
Histopathological Evaluation of Angiogenic Markers in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Singh Priyanka , Tahlan Anita , Mohan Harsh , Singh Ram
Published: January 2023

Background Angiogenesis plays a key role in the development, maintenance, and progression of tumor. The incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is increasing from the past three decades.

Materials and Methods The aim of the study is to evaluate microvessel density (MVD) using CD34 monoclonal antibody and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) using monoclonal antibody that were studied in pretreatment paraffin-embedded tissue samples of 60 cases.

Results MVD was found to be increased in parallel with increasing grade of tumor. B-NHL had a mean MVD of 79.5 ± 8.8 (no./mm2), while T-NHL had a mean MVD of 183 ± 37.6 (no./mm2). VEGF expression was seen in 42 cases (70%), 20 cases (33.3%) showed strong VEGF expression, and the remainder showed either weak (36.6%) or no (30%) staining. Strong VEGF expression is seen in 100% cases of T-NHL and 77.7% cases of B-NHL. Mean MVD and VEGF expression was found to be correlated significantly with the histological grade of NHL (p = 0.001 and p = 0.000, respectively). Average microvessel counts were 53, 82.9, and 130.8 vessels (no./mm2) for negative, weak, and strong VEGF staining, respectively. These differences were statistically significant (p = 0.005 for strong vs. negative and p = 0.091 for strong vs. weak VEGF staining individually).

Conclusion As the grade of tumor progresses, the angiogenic potential also advances which seems to depend on VEGF. The presence of higher MVD in high-grade lymphomas can be utilized for antiangiogenic drugs.
Near-optimal approximation methods for elliptic PDEs with lognormal coefficients
Authors: Cohen Albert , Migliorati Giovanni
Published: January 2023

This paper studies numerical methods for the approximation of elliptic PDEs with lognormal coefficients of the form

−
div
⁡
(
a
∇
u
)
=
f

-\operatorname {div}(a\nabla u)=f

where

a
=
exp
⁡
(
b
)

a=\exp (b)

and

b
b

is a Gaussian random field. The approximant of the solution

u
u

is an

n
n

-term polynomial expansion in the scalar Gaussian random variables that parametrize

b
b

. We present a general convergence analysis of weighted least-squares approximants for smooth and arbitrarily rough random field, using a suitable random design, for which we prove optimality in the following sense: their convergence rate matches exactly or closely the rate that has been established in Bachmayr, Cohen, DeVore, and Migliorati [ESAIM Math. Model. Numer. Anal. 51 (2017), pp. 341–363] for best

n
n

-term approximation by Hermite polynomials, under the same minimial assumptions on the Gaussian random field. This is in contrast with the current state of the art results for the stochastic Galerkin method that suffers the lack of coercivity due to the lognormal nature of the diffusion field. Numerical tests with

b
b

as the Brownian bridge confirm our theoretical findings.
Ritlecitinib (PF-06651600), an oral JAK3/TEC inhibitor, stabilizes active lesions and promotes re-pigmentation of stable lesions in patients with active nonsegmental vitiligo: results from a phase 2b, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study
Authors: Yamaguchi Yuji , Peeva Elena , Shore Ronald , Han George , Cox Lori Ann , Banerjee Anindita , Thaci Diamant , Hamzavi Iltefat , Sloan Abigail , Ganesan Anand K , Ezzedine Khaled
Published: January 2023

Patients with active nonsegmental vitiligo (NSV) may experience active lesions (confetti-like and trichrome lesions) or stable lesions (where lesions may remain unchanged for ∼1 year or more). In a phase 2b trial, the oral JAK3/TEC inhibitor ritlecitinib demonstrated a significant improvement in the Facial-Vitiligo Area Scoring Index at Week 24 for patients with active NSV at 50 mg daily with or without a loading dose (100 or 200 mg daily for 4 weeks). To evaluate the efficacy of ritlecitinib on active vs. stable lesions in patients with active NSV who participated in the phase 2b trial (NCT0371529). Patients were randomized to daily ritlecitinib or placebo for 24 weeks, with or without a 4-week loading dose: 200/50, 100/50, 50, 30, 10 mg, or placebo. Mean percent change from baseline (%CFB) in depigmentation extent (100%, 90%, 75%, 50%, 25%, or 10%) within the lesion at baseline and Week 24 was evaluated centrally using photographs obtained from both active (clinical signs including confetti-like and trichrome lesions) and stable target lesions, other than on the face. The analysis included 317 patients who had active and stable lesions simultaneously among 364 treated patients. Within active lesions, ritlecitinib induced a statistically significant reduction in depigmentation extent [%CFB: 200/50 mg, +0·8 (P = 0·0388); 100/50 mg, −1·7 (P = 0·0035); 30 mg, −1·6 (P = 0·0086)] compared with a progressive increase in depigmentation in the placebo group (%CFB: +5·6). No significant reduction was seen with ritlecitinib 50 mg (+2·8) or 10 mg (+1·4%). Within stable lesions, ritlecitinib showed a statistically significant reduction in depigmentation extent, reflecting re-pigmentation [%CFB: 200/50 mg, −7·2 (P = 0·0045); 100/50 mg, −6·1 (P = 0·0082); 50 mg, −5·9 (P = 0·0134); 30 mg, −8·0 (P = 0·0092)] compared with the placebo group, where %CFB in de-pigmentation increased (%CFB: +0·5). No significant reduction was seen with ritlecitinib 10 mg (−3·3%). The magnitude of the re-pigmentation was numerically greater in stable lesions compared with that in active lesions. In patients with active NSV, ritlecitinib treatment for 24 weeks stabilized active lesions and promoted re-pigmentation of stable lesions.
I-PEEL: The International Political Economy of Everyday Life
Authors: Brassett James , Elias Juanita , Rethel Lena , Richardson Ben
Published: January 2023

I-PEEL: The International Political Economy of Everyday Life locates the study of international political economy (IPE) in the context of everyday life. It provides a fresh introduction to IPE, and highlights the relevance and prominence of IPE in the real world. In addition, the text establishes the conceptual and theoretical techniques required to engage with the IPE discipline and how those can help us understand the complexity of everyday power relations. Also, it prompts ethical self-reflection by asking if everyday economic relations are ‘right’ or ‘good’. The text starts off with an introduction to the topic. The first main chapter considers clothes. The next few chapters cover food, debt, and care. After that comes a chapter that looks at the concept of the ‘city’, followed by social media. The last two chapters present the idea of ‘share’ and humour. They are followed by a Conclusion.
NMR investigation on gas desorption characteristics in CBM recovery during dewatering in deep and shallow coals
Authors: Sun Yingfeng , Lin Qingxia , Zhu Shuaipeng , Han Chujian , Wang Xiaoliang , Zhao Yixin
Published: January 2023

Coalbed methane (CBM) development requires dewatering until the reservoir pressure is less than the critical desorption pressure. Significant quantities of CBM in China are buried >1000 m deep. Therefore, the desorption characteristics of deep CBM reservoirs must be investigated for the further development of deep CBM. In this study, the variation laws of adsorbed and free CH4 during adsorption in dry samples and during desorption via dewatering are investigated using nuclear magnetic resonance. During CH4 adsorption in dry samples by increasing CH4 pressure and during CH4 desorption in water-injected samples by dewatering, a Langmuir relationship exists between the volume of adsorbed CH4 and the pressure in deep and shallow coals, and the volume of free CH4 and the pressure are linearly related. When the pressure is the same, the volume of adsorbed CH4 in the dry coal samples during adsorption is larger than that in the water-injected samples during desorption by dewatering. When the pressure is the same, for the difference in the adsorbed CH4 volume between adsorption and desorption isotherms, shallow coal is less significant than deep coal. The slopes of free CH4 in deep coal are lower than those in shallow coal during adsorption and desorption.