bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Secondary carbonates in edaphic components of ecosystems
Authors: Kharitonova G V , Shein E V , Krutikova V O , Ostrouhov A V , Kharitonov E V
Published: November 2019

The paper considers some examples of secondary carbonates in edaphic ecosystem components (soils, river and lake bottom sediments, suspensions). In addition to calcite, more soluble and less stable polymorphic modifications of calcite vaterite and aragonite, which are important precursors of carbonate-forming systems, are diagnosed. Microforms of vaterite are formed in presence of low molecular weight amino acids. In turn, microforms of aragonite are associated with extremely high salinity of water. According to the nonclassical mesocrystal concept, stability of vaterite and aragonite in situ is explained by the formation of mesocrystals – hierarchically organized superstructures from nanocrystals. The mesocrystal concept may be an important key to understanding the micro-and macroaggregates in soils.
Shrinkage curves of monoliths from genetic horizons of Vertic Solonetz
Authors: Khitrov N B , Rogovneva L V
Published: November 2019

Statistical cumulative distributions of indices for shrinkage curve of 324 monoliths from Vertisols and Vertic Solonetzes are created. Natric and vertic horizons have similar range of shrinkage indices, with that natric ones have higher values of pore volume weakly changed during water evaporation and lower bulk density at shrinkage limit.
Evaluation of the effect of modern drainage technologies on the physical properties and productivity of mineral hydromorphic soils
Authors: Kovalev I V , Kovaleva N O
Published: November 2019

Main features of water regime of Umbric Albeluvisols Abruptic and Gleyic Albeluvisols Abruptic were studied. Two layers of surface water appear in soils in spring and fall, hence, the yields are decreased or crops die. Drainage is shown to eliminate surface water. Plastic drainage causes more intensive drainage effect than ceramic trench drainage in wet years. Regardless of the type of drainage, it is always an additional reason for the deep desiccation of surface soil horizons during the summer drought. Drainage leads to an increase in specific surface area of soils, total soil porosity, number of water stable aggregates, including those in the lower horizons. Favorable conditions for the cultivation of crops, especially for grain crops, are formed on drained soils of the Nonchernozem region.
The influence of recreation on changes in the vital conditions of soil invertebrates
Authors: Kuznetsov V A , Ryzhova I M
Published: November 2019

An assessment of the state of soil invertebrate complex, litter horizons, and soddy-podzolic soils (Albic Retisols) in Moscow forest parks (“Bitsevskii Forest” and “Losinyi Ostrov”) as a function of the level of recreational loads is presented. A clear pattern has been established for the deterioration of the soil invertebrates as the recreational load increases. This occurs as a result of changes in their habitat conditions, largely due to changes in the soil water regime and soil invertebrate feeding conditions. The abundance, biomass and diversity of soil invertebrates decrease by a factor of 2–2.5 under the influence of the recreational load. The condition of soil invertebrates is a sensitive indicator, which depends on the conditions of their habitat and is mainly determined by changes in the characteristics of the litter and soil properties.
A new approach to determining fractal dimension of soil pore space from experimental data on moisture filtration
Authors: Moiseev K G , Terleev V V , Nikonorov A O , Ginevsky R S , Lazarev V A
Published: November 2019

The value of the fractal dimension of the soil structure is usually calculated by the geometric method based on particle size distributions. There is a hope to express soil-hydrophysical functions through the fractal dimension of the soil pore space found in some more direct, simple and physically independent way.
Soil temperature response to modern climate change at four sites of different latitude in the European part of Russia
Authors: Reshotkin O V , Khudyakov O I
Published: November 2019

Soil temperature is a sensitive climate indicator. In this paper, we used data from weather stations located in various natural zones of the European part of Russia to demonstrate how the soil temperature responded to modern climate change. The most intensive warming is observed at the beginning of the 21st century. The average annual air temperature for the period 2001–2015 increased compared to the period 1961–1990 by 1.2–1.4°C. The average annual soil temperature has increased in all studied soils and at all depths by 0.5–1.0°C. Soil warming is observed in both warm and cold periods of the year. However, soil temperatures have changed differently in different seasons of the year. The increase in air and soil temperature leads to a shift of the soil-climatic zones to the north.
Form and orientation of soil pores as indicators of a structural soil organization
Authors: Romanenko K A , Skvortsova E B , Rozhkov V A
Published: November 2019

The work is based on the idea that the shape and orientation of soil pores are among the direct indicators of the structural state of the soil. The specific features of the quantitative assessment of the shape of pores in two-dimensional sections by the degree of its difference from the circle are considered. To improve the quality of the evaluation of the pore shape, it was proposed to use a generalized index of the pore shape F, which reflects both roundness and pore isometry. Using the form factor F, the structure of thin macropores was studied in vertical sections from the genetic horizons of the zonal loamy soils of the European territory of Russia. With the help of cluster analysis in the studied soils, 8 types of pore space specific for the main aggregative soil structures were identified. The selected types differ in shape, orientation and size of thin macropores in micromorphological sections. By means of discriminant analysis, a system of automated morphometric diagnostics of the aggregate soil structure based on the structure of the pore space of the soil has been developed. The natural genetic divergence of the aggregate structure in virgin soils and the agrogenic convergence of the structure in the arable horizons of agrosoils are shown. Morphometric criteria for diagnosing the four main stages of the degradation of the physical structure of the soil according to the shape and orientation of the soil pores are proposed.
Water retention in different types of protective gel compositions for plant rhizosphere
Authors: Smagin A V , Budnikov V I , Sadovnikova N B , Smagina M V , Sidorova M A
Published: November 2019

The research investigates thermodynamic characteristics of water-retention capacity in different types of high swelling polymer hydrogels mixed with mineral soil substrates. The use of a combination of methods of equilibrium centrifugation and thermodesorption of soil moisture allowed for the first time to estimate the water-retaining curves and dispersion of gel compositions in the range of absolute values of thermodynamic potentials from 0 to 1 million J/kg. The introduction of hydrogels in concentrations of 0.1-0.3% total weight of the enclosing mineral material leads to a 5-15 fold increase in the total energy of water retention, 3-8 fold increase in water capacity and available moisture range, bringing investigated hydrophysical characteristics of the original sandy substrate at the level of the fertile loamy soils. The new types of acrylic hydrogels with amphiphilic fillers obtained by the author’s technology had a greater water-holding capacity and a better structuring effect in comparison with the “Aquasorb” European trade mark. The incorporation of the electrolyte additives in the form of trace elements and ionic silver into the polymer matrix practically does not change the swelling capacity, allowing adding elicitor and antimicrobial properties to these compositions without compromising the effect of water retention.
Thermal diffusivity of artificial soils at the Moscow State University Soil Station
Authors: Telyatnikova E V , Arkhangelskaya T A , Umarova A B
Published: November 2019

This study presents the thermal diffusivity vs. water content curves for topsoil, peat, sand and their mixture used to construct the artificial layered soils at the Moscow State University Soil Station. The thermal diffusivity of studied samples varied in a wide range between 9.2×10−8 m2 s−1 for air-dry peat and 9.6×10−7 m2 s−1 for wet sand. The smallest values of thermal diffusivity were obtained for peat, the greatest ones – for sand, and the topsoil demonstrated medium values of thermal diffusivity.
Remediation of degraded soils: effect of organic additives on soil properties and heavy metals’ bioavailability
Authors: Tregubova P , Koptsik G , Stepanov A
Published: November 2019

In a three-month experiment influence of different organic amendments (coal humate, peat-gel, biochar) in comparison with mineral ameliorants (NPK and CaCO3) on chemical and physical properties of soils at different stages of degradation has been shown. Objects of the research were abrazem and podzol soils of technogenic barrens near Monchegorsk city, Murmansk region (Russia). Festuca rubra was used as a test-culture. According to the obtained data, we can conclude that organic applicants may be suitable for remediation of soils, contaminated by heavy metals. Applicants, selected for the experiment, unequally affected the soil properties and the test-culture growth. For the most disturbed and contaminated soils – abrazems –we suggest coal humate and calcium carbonate as the most promising additives for both toxicants’ immobilization and preventing bioaccumulation. Biochar and peat-gel in the tested concentration showed a more expressed positive effect on podzol soils with a lower level of contamination. In both soils, abrazem and podzol, biochar favors to the test-culture growth more, than other amendments. The potential advantage of used organic amendments, coal humate and biochar, in contrast to ameliorants is their ability to improve the physical soil properties.
Study on The Effect of ‘Ash Core’ on the Performance of Catalysts in the Preparation of SCR Honeycomb Denitration Catalyst
Authors: Lu Chao , Zhu Yue , Tang Guoan , Zhu Wentao , Yao Jie , Ma Yanbin
Published: November 2019

The SCR honeycomb denitration catalyst will have a “grey core” during the preparation process. In this paper, the same batch of fresh catalyst is used to prepare the “grey core” and the normal “yellow core” catalysts for comparison. Through the catalyst denitration performance evaluation test, when the denitration efficiency is 88.3%, the calculated activities of the two catalysts of “yellow core” and “grey core” are 24.9Nm/h and 25.3Nm/h, respectively; when the denitration efficiency is 85.5%, the calculated activity of the catalysts are both 24.5Nm/h. Through analysis of the physical and chemical properties of the catalyst, it is found that the alkali metal content and the alkaline earth metal content of the two catalysts are basically the same. The specific surface areas of the “yellow core” and “grey core” catalysts are 58.65m2/g and 58.24m2/g, respectively. By infrared spectroscopy, the “grey core” catalyst was produced due to the deposition of carbon, and then through the wear performance test, it is found that the “grey core” catalyst has better wear performance, but the “grey core” catalyst is more brittle, when there is external force. At the time, cracks are easily generated in both the axial direction and the radial direction, which is detrimental to the integrity of the catalyst, and also poses a safety hazard to the use of the regenerated catalyst.
Coal Chemical Wastewater Heterogeneous Catalytic Oxidation Pretreatment Pilot Scale Test
Authors: Lei Jie , Zhou Zhenglin , Zhang Xiaodong , Zheng Rong , Li Jianhua , Bao Yuantong
Published: November 2019

A chemical enterprise in northwest China mainly produces 1, 4-butanediol, PTMEG and other chemical raw materials, with high concentration of waste water pollutants, low biochemical properties, strong biological toxicity and difficult to biodegrade. The pilot system constructed a chemical flocculation precipitation - heterogeneous catalytic oxidation-UASB-multistage aerobic-MBR system for treating BDO and PTMEG wastewater. The pilot system operates stably and efficiently, and the effluent meets the national sewage comprehensive discharge standard (GB8978-2002) grade A standard.
Environmental Impact of Mixing Biofuel with Gasoline in Spark Ignition Engine
Authors: Jassim Esam I , Sphicas Panos , Jasem Bashar I
Published: November 2019

Biomass materials—such as crop and forest residues, dedicated energy crops, and plant oils— are recently receiving much attention due to their carbon-neutral emission. The process of transesterification is used for the conversion of triglycerides (the main component of vegetable oils and animal fats) to engines fuel. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation has emerged as an efficient design tool to analyze engine reacting flow processes and develop next generation engines. The aim of this paper is to investigate the emissions of spark ignition engines running on a spectrum of blends of biofuels. CFD analysis of the combustion of gasoline-biofuel mixtures is implemented using ANSYS 18.2. The effect of blending different types and ratios of biofuels on the combustion characteristics in Spark ignition (SI) engine is investigated. The fuel considered for the study is pure gasoline mixed with 5%, 10%, 15% and 25% by volume with ethanol, methanol and propanol. The experimental and simulated outcome of performance of spark ignition engine is presented using different blends and percentage of biomass fuels with conventional engine fuel. Results of the study shows that adding additives to the conventional gasoline would augment the reaction rate of the gasoline, reduce the undesired greenhouse gas emission, and improve the temperature distribution in the combustion zone. The analysis also concludes that increasing the volume fraction of the biofuel results in alleviating in the COx and NOx constituents disposing with the exhaust gases.
Relation and Network Externality Based on Asymmetric Interest Flow Theory with the Case of Health Damage Caused by PPV’s Energy Consumption
Authors: Jiang Yanjie , Wu Peilin , Ding Yanqiang , Ding Xiaodi
Published: November 2019

The study starts with a logical reasoning: if the network is composed of individuals and their relations, the network externality should also have a micro foundation. However, the traditional network externality or network effects theory does not indicate the specific meaning of individual nor relation externalities. Therefore, the study first defines the relation and its decisive characteristic: the interaction of interest flow. Furthermore, it is pointed out that the asymmetric interest flow is the essential feature of externality. Then, with the help of flow analysis in graph theory, the mathematical models of potential relation, relation and relation externality are given. Based on the definition of individual externality on the net, a new interpretation of network externality compared with traditional one is given, which is the state set of individual externalities on the net. Finally, we use these definitions to give a new explanation to a specific case in energy and environmental field and supply a new framework to solve general or concrete externality problems.
Methods for calculating thermal fields using modern software products
Authors: Golik V V , Zemenkov Yu D , Subbotin V Ya , Belsky S G
Published: November 2019

The paper presents methods of mathematical modelling of buried multilayer oil pipelines laid in areas of Western Siberia and the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Modelling was carried out on the basis of data from several sections of oil pipelines under various burying conditions. In the work, we also used a wide range of different software programs for modelling in order to identify a software product suitable for the goals and objectives of this work.
Measurement of phase flow in water, oil and gas media using infrared radiation
Authors: Zemenkov Yu D , Zaitsev E V , Shabarov A B
Published: November 2019

This paper analyzes the problem of multiphase flow metering in the oil and gas industry. The main types of multiphase flow meters, their advantages and disadvantages are considered. A schematic diagram of a multiphase flow meter is proposed, which includes a mixture homogenizer, a Coriolis flow meter, an IR fraction meter and is based on the concept of intelligent measuring systems. An experimental pouring stand has been developed for conducting studies of the absorption of near-infrared radiation in a gas-liquid mixture stream. Studies have been carried out on the absorption of near-infrared radiation in a multiphase flow for a volumetric gas content of 5 and 10% in the range of liquid moisture content from 10 to 90% in increments of 20%. Based on the results of the study, a generalized correlation dependence is obtained. A computational and experimental method is proposed for determining the volumetric ratio of phases in a flow using the parameters of absorption of near-infrared radiation, which can be applied to various ranges of gas content.
Analysis of the reliability of structures during operation of gas pipelines on piles in areas of heaving soils
Authors: Novik B N , Podorozhnikov S Yu , Zemenkova M Yu
Published: November 2019

The routes of the main, field, and process gas pipelines in the Arctic regions of Siberia run through territories with difficult climatic conditions. Along the route, there are areas with heaving soils, which can be used as natural bases only with the use of special anti-heaving measures, since that they are characterized by high mobility, low bearing capacity, uneven settlement and increased compressibility. This raises concerns about a decrease in the bearing capacity of permafrost soils in the territories of Taimyr, Yamal and other regions. The paper discusses various methods of the above-ground laying of pipelines on heaving soils. A pipeline construction option ensuring safer operation is proposed.
Calculation of thermodynamic characteristics of gas flows in concentrated fire vortices
Authors: Obukhov A G
Published: November 2019

The article presents the results of numerical simulation of gas flows in free fire vortices. The fundamental possibility of physical modeling of the occurrence of concentrated fire vortices is presented in a series of experimental studies carried out at the Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences. In the model of a compressible continuous medium for the complete system of Navier-Stokes equations, an initial-boundary-value problem is proposed that describes complex three-dimensional unsteady flows of viscous compressible heat-conducting gas in ascending swirling heat fluxes. Using explicit difference schemes and the proposed initial-boundary conditions, approximate solutions of the Navier-Stokes system of equations are constructed and the thermodynamic characteristics of three-dimensional unsteady gas flows are numerically determined. The calculation results showed that in the process of formation of fiery vortices, it is formally possible to distinguish several stages. The calculations of the thermodynamic characteristics of gas flows during heating of the underlying surface by several local sources showed that the selected mathematical model under the corresponding initial and boundary conditions allows numerical experiments to describe the arising of complex unsteady three-dimensional flows.
Calculation of gas velocities in concentrated fire vortices
Authors: Obukhov A G
Published: November 2019

The article presents the results of numerical modeling of the generation of free fire vortices in laboratory conditions without the use of special swirling devices. The fundamental possibility of physical modeling of the occurrence of concentrated fire vortices is described in a series of experimental studies conducted under the supervision of A. Yu. Varaksin, corresponding member of the RAS. In the model of compressible continuous medium for the complete system of Navier-Stokes equations, an initial-boundary-value problem is proposed that describes complex three-dimensional unsteady flows of viscous compressible heat-conducting gas in ascending swirling heat flows. Using explicit difference schemes and the proposed initial-boundary conditions, approximate solutions of the complete system of Navier-Stokes equations are constructed and the velocity characteristics of three-dimensional unsteady gas flows initiated by local heating of the underlying surface by nineteen heat sources are numerically determined.
Modeling the heat transfer processes in the pipe-soil system
Authors: Golik V V , Zemenkov Yu D , Gladenko A A , Seroshtanov I V
Published: November 2019

The paper presents a mathematical model and methodology for conducting thermotechnical calculations of buried multilayer pipelines. A section of the existing oil pipeline running under difficult geological conditions is considered. The methodology for calculating thermal processes and the main results for this section of the pipeline are described, and halos of thawing of permafrost are modeled on the basis of a mathematical model. Modeling was carried out using several options of insulating material with a constant internal diameter of the pipeline and pumping mode. Modeling was carried out in an all-purpose software system of finite element modeling - ANSYS and a TPS module developed by the authors for conducting thermotechnical calculations.
Technology of road construction and laying of pipelines in marshy and waterlogged areas using pontoon modules
Authors: Ryabkov A V
Published: November 2019

The development of environmentally friendly technology for the construction of non-rigid roads and systems for laying pipelines on block elements from composite pontoon modules in swampy and waterlogged areas for the Far North and Siberia is presented.
Ecological situation in the area of non-ferrous metals mining on the slopes of the Eastern Caucasus
Authors: Alborov I D , Tedeeva F G , Burdzieva O G , Gridnev E A , Glazov A P , Dzeboeva F M , Vaneev S D
Published: November 2019

The article provides information on the history of the development of Sadon ore field, Tyrnyauz tungsten-molybdenum and Urupsk deposits. A description of landscape changes occurred in the process of mining and processing of non-ferrous metal ores in places of mining enterprises dislocation is given. It has been shown that soil pollution in the area of mining facilities activity with heavy and toxic trace elements has mineralization of mining origin. It has been established that in the areas of dislocation of existing mountain objects, landscapes and soils, which are an integral part of ecosystems, have a pronounced zonation, each of which has certain components that influence the formation of ecological situation. Low levels of lead and zinc have been found in seasonal vegetables (potato tubers) and high, exceeding MAC – in perennial fruit crops (apples, pears). It is noted that only the use of scientifically based measures based on real positive results, taking into account geo-environmental factors, can affect efficient environmental management under the considered conditions.
Pathways to sustainable development of urban areas in the Southern Urals
Authors: Blagovidova N G , Iudina N V
Published: November 2019

The paper considers retrospective development of the mountain region in the Southern Urals as a special industrial and natural landscape monument of Russia. Following global trends, the authors are aware of both high significance and great vulnerability of mountain areas. The Southern Urals is considered as the region with a tendency to stagnation. The historical background of the problems is highlighted, and ecological status and risks of the region are analyzed on the example of a network of small and medium-sized cities of Zlatoust district, which contributes to solution of the problems. The cities are united by modern specialization, infrastructure, socio-economic situation and natural heritage typical of the entire Ural region, which enables generalization of the principles for both the Urals and other mountain areas. Their special environmental features require complex measures aimed to restore the integrity and the value paradigm. It is proposed to create a cluster based on the potentials, which offers specific directions for the development of a group settlement and functional autonomy. In this regard, it seems necessary to eliminate past ecological damage and to minimize adverse factors that violate environmental conditions. The urban ecology strategy is proposed to resolve contradictions in the development of resource-rich and historically identical areas of the Southern Urals.
Engineering-geological and hydrogeological features of the dzuarikau-tskhinval gas pipeline installation and environmental aspects of its operation in high seismicity conditions
Authors: Burdzieva O G , Zaalishvili V B , Chotchaev Kh O , Melkov D A , Dzeranov B V
Published: November 2019

Despite the strategic importance and social orientation of the project to install the world’s highest mountain gas pipeline to South Ossetia, the damage to the environment is great. In contrast to flat terrain, highland landscapes due to large-scale natural (landfalls, avalanches, mudflows, landslides, etc.) or anthropogenic (installation of oil and gas pipelines) negative impacts either not restored at all, due to the progressive influence of factors interventions, or the recovery takes decades. In high-mountain areas, soil destruction is accelerated due to developing sources of landslides and ravines, mudflows, creeps and collapses, active lateral infiltration of groundwater, leading to rapid dehydration of soil and biocenosis degradation. Neglecting the scientific basis for minimizing damage to the environment, the primacy of business over environmental consequences, the lack of fundamental and qualified expertise of projects relating to interference with the natural environment, the legislative vulnerability of ecological systems have become commonplace and have a very steady tendency to take root. The result of consumer attitudes towards ecosystems is estimated by the example of these works by extensive disafforest, deep cutting of extended slope intervals at high mountains and, finally, significant deviations from the original project. At the same time, there are no works on recultivation, which, however, are doomed to failure in the existing orographic and seismological conditions of the Dzuarikau-Tskhinval gas pipeline route. The route of the Dzuarikau-Tskhinval gas pipeline enters the Kassar (valley of the Ardon River) gorge near the Tamiysk resort and then it cuts through both slopes of the Ardon River to Zaramag HPP, and then passes through the picturesque valleys of the Mamikhdon and Zemegendon Rivers, where the gross impact on nature is most clearly observed.
Directional protection of substation equipment
Authors: Buryanina N S , Korolyuk Y F , Koryakina M L , Lesnykh E V , Suslov K V
Published: November 2019

The introduction of microprocessor technology in the management of energy objects, including diagnostics, into relay protection and automation, allows combining and unifying relay protection of individual objects into a single system. One of the methods of unified relay protection may be directional protection. It is possible to develop and offer directional protection for generators, transformers, which are currently not used. An obstacle to the use of directional protection of generators and transformers is the presence of aperiodic components in the short-circuit currents, that introduce distortions in determining the angle between the short-circuit currents and voltages. At the “Power Supply” Department of the North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov a method that excludes aperiodic components in the secondary currents of current transformers of power system objects was developed, which made it possible to exclude incorrect actions of directional protections, including when saturating the current transformer magnetic cores. The method is based on processing four instantaneous samples of currents separated by identical sampling intervals.
Technological fluids on biopolymer basis for repair wells
Authors: Egorova E V , Minchenko Yu S , Bosikov I I
Published: November 2019

The article describes the commercial experience of using various compositions of process fluids during repair and insulation works and substantiates the practical value of solutions on a biopolymer basis. The results of laboratory studies are presented and the compositions of process fluids on a biopolymer basis for well repair are proposed. The preservation of the natural permeability of the reservoir in the near-wellbore zone is one of the main requirements for quality well repair. However, as the field practice shows, the overhaul is almost universally carried out with the use of process fluids, the parameters of which are chosen without taking into account the specific geological conditions, the lithologic and physical properties of the reservoir and the physicochemical characteristics of its fluids.
Application of a smart active adaptive system on the basis of renewable energy sources for electricity supply to an agricultural facility in highland regions of the Caucasus
Authors: Elbazurov A R , Malsagov M I , Titova G R
Published: November 2019

This paper presents the collated results of the research conducted by the authors and made in the electric system of an agricultural holding. The article is devoted to the development of a smart electric grid which provides energy efficient electricity supply to responsible consumers of an agricultural facility. The research shows the main components of the smart electric system, their operation mode, their role in enhancing energy conservation and efficiency. The authors prove the efficiency of smart energy systems and renewable energy sources in electricity supply to an agricultural facility in the Chechen Republic.
Hydropower potential implementation as an important stage of the environmental and economic frames formation in the mountain valleys
Authors: Kalov R O , Vagapov A B
Published: November 2019

The hydrographic network within the mountain-piedmont zone is characterized. The necessity of the revaluation of the economically feasible rivers’ energy potential is grounded. The main hydrological elements of river basins applied to the research topic have been identified. A landscape assessment of the mountain valleys specificity considering the creating hydropower facilities issue has been carried out. The most preferred for the development watercourses are designated and described, considering statistical materials on their water flow dynamics. The method of compensation for deficient statistical materials on the water flow dynamics is represented. The features of the high-mountain zone hydropower potential are highlighted. A comparative analysis of the energy reserves of the main mountain rivers is given. The role of ice-free feeding minor rivers in a hydroelectric project is determined. The method of determining the water flow security is described, the corresponding coefficients are determined. 16 topographically convenient mountain-valley extensions were identified as potential cisterns for reservoirs. Dam and lake methods for regulating effluent are evaluated on the acceptability. An algorithm for determining the mountain streams’ channel energy potential of is given. A comparative analysis of the specific power of the rivers in relation to their different sections has been carried out. The most important limiting factors for the hydropower projects implementation have been identified. A working hypothesis for the use of environmentally friendly hydro energy has been formulated. In the first approximation, a scheme for selecting favorable landscapes for the hydropower facilities construction has been drawn up, and the corresponding map chart has been made. Criteria for selecting the power and type of power plants adequate to the natural base are indicated. The forecast of hydropower development is formulated in conjunction with the expected levels for electricity demand in the future.
Analysis of non-sinusoidal voltage at metallurgical enterprises
Authors: Klyuev R V , Fomenko O A , Gavrina O A , Sokolov A A , Sokolova O A , V Dzeranov B , Morgoev I D , Zaseev S G
Published: November 2019

The article presents the results of the study of non-sinusoidal voltage in the power supply system of non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises. The non-sinus voltage coefficients are calculated for the operation of valve inverters and welding machines. The range analysis of the noah caste of higher harmonic components by voltage was carried out and it was established that the values of the correlation coefficients between the non-sinusoidal coefficients of voltage and the fraction of noah and pointer castes of electricity consumers for the production of hard alloys are equal to: 0.56 and 0.37, which makes it possible to limit the range of priority tasks for calculating the required filter-compensating devices. It is necessary to conduct further studies of higher harmonics in the system of power supply of industrial enterprises and the development of methods for calculating and optimal distributing filter-compensating devices in enterprises.
Ensuring the consumer reliability based on retrospective analysis
Authors: Klyuev R V , Fomenko O A , Gavrina O A , Sokolov A A , Sokolova O A , Plieva M T , Kabisov A A , Ikoeva E Yu
Published: November 2019

The article discusses the research methods of indicators of structural and functional reliability for electricity consumers based on a retrospective analysis, which makes it possible to evaluate the causes of under-supply of electricity to consumers and to develop measures to eliminate these causes. The analysis of the reliability of overhead power lines of the power system. The analysis of the causes of failures for 2012–2018 showed that about half of the causes of failures are not established at all, other causes of failures are approximate. The exceptions are the causes of failures due to a malfunction of the relay protection and automation devices, the proportion of which in the total number of failures does not exceed 2–3 %. In order to obtain an objective assessment of the influence of climatic factors on the reliability of the electric power system, a special technique has been developed. This technique allows quantifying the average values of the correlation coefficients between the failure rates of overhead power lines and climatic factors.
Influence of underground mining of Taseevskoye field on landscape and open-pit remining
Authors: Kostromin M V , Popova Yu T
Published: November 2019

The Baley ore body unites Taseevskoye and Baleyskoye gold mines. The internal structure of Taseevskoye field is defined by the system of longitudinal and cross deformations splitting the Baleyskaya depression into a series of large blocks. One of the main features of open-pit remining of the First ore zone of Taseevskoye field is that mining operations will continuously happen in a zone dangerous in terms of caves. Caving systems in underground mining lead to displacement of some mineral resources to underlying horizons. Hence, the main provisions are defined to study regularities of earth surface displacement within a field. Depending on the correlation of parameters the earth surface is not deformed or deformed as failures, cracks or smooth movements. The development of depression in the direction and speed increases towards the second mining. Thus, within the contours of the designed pit the rock massif is located in the zone of deformations with developed displacement under the influence of underground mining operations. Contours and sizes of dangerous zones are defined for open-pit mining operations in the zone of displacement.
Technical and economic assessment of existing and projected enterprises for the development of placer mines
Authors: Kostromin M V , Panina T Y
Published: November 2019

The development of placer mines is a significant source of replenishment of Russian reserves with precious stones and precious metals. Currently, the development of placers is carried out in the vast territory of the Far East, Transbaikal, Eastern and Western Siberia, Altai, Ural. The efficiency of mining operations is significantly influenced by geological, mine engineering, climatic factors, the physical and mechanical properties of rocks, the physical state of placers (frozen, thawed), location (distance from settlements and communication routes), the percentage of clay material, etc. Based on these factors, the technical and economic indicators of the same-type mining machines (for example, drag diggers) often differ significantly (sometimes several times). In this regard, the method of complex technical and economic assessment of operating and projected mining enterprises for the development of placer mines has been developed. The method includes the evaluation of the mines according to the following technical and economic indicators. 1. Indicators characterizing operating conditions. 2. Indicators characterizing the potential of an enterprise. 3. Indicators characterizing the enterprise work results. Mathematical processing of all groups of factors in natural units of measurement is not possible due to the difference in units of measurement and a large amount of variation. Therefore, it is necessary to bring all the indicators in the appropriate form. These requirements coincide with the system of indexing (coding) of the source data, in compliance with the necessary principles. The article provides an example of coding. Further, the classification of the enterprises using the Euclidean metric is carried out. The proposed criteria are the basis for a comprehensive assessment of mines, as well as for obtaining linear regression techniques, a simple regulatory function that establishes the reciprocity between the calculated values of the economic results from the conditions and capabilities of the enterprises. The deviation of the calculated value from the actual value allows to judge how effectively (or not effectively) an enterprise operates under the appropriate conditions and opportunities. The article provides examples of determining the results of the activities of particular Transbaikal enterprises by this method.
Study on air anion concentration distribution in Beidaihe, China
Authors: Jiajie L , Qingshan L , Shuangjin Q , Zhiguo W , Chaoping L , Yang W
Published: November 2019

In this paper, the air negative ion concentration distribution map in Beidaihe district was summarized and completed through several field visits to some representative areas in Beidaihe district or collection of local air detection data over the years. Combined with geomorphic environment, climatic conditions and other factors, this paper analyzes the regularity and characteristics of the concentration distribution of air negative ions in beidaihe, and proposes to build “the Great Wall of Air negative ions”.
Sustainable use of natural resources in a hazardous landslide slopes of Cheboksary reservoir (river Volga)
Authors: Nikonorova I V , Petrov N F , Gumenyuk A E , Ilyin V N
Published: November 2019

Often uncontrolled construction with insufficient consideration of the geotechnical and hydrogeological conditions of the territory, the increased man-made impact on the slope in the conditions of growing urbanization are leads to serious problems: landslide deformations and emergencies on the coast of the Cheboksary Reservoir, on the territory of the Cheboksary urban district and in the adjacent territories of Chuvash Republic. The increase in recreational load on coastal geomorphic systems also contributed to the activation of landslide, erosion, deflation and other dangerous relief-forming processes, and also affected the quality of water resources. The problem of assessing the stability of hazardous landslide slopes and slopes for civil, transport construction and recreational development of the coast of the Cheboksary reservoir is analyzed in this article. Minimizing the risk and damage from hazardous slope processes, including landslide, depends on the knowledge of the structure of the landslide geomorphic system and the slope array, harmonization of the interaction of the components of the designed object with the components of the geological environment (GE). On the basis of a professional analysis of engineering and geological factors, correct design models are proposed, with exact values of the slope stability coefficient (Cs) and rational design solutions leading to a reduction in natural and man-made risks.
Spectral approach to the estimation of the time series of the power change in the substation metering units and its application in the control modes of substation electricity metering systems
Authors: Pichugin V N , Soldatov A A , Pinaev A M
Published: November 2019

The wide possibilities of modern interval metering devices installed at substations of distribution grid companies are not fully used today. In the process of measuring the electrical parameters of the network meters, there may be abnormal modes of electricity metering substations, resulting from intentional or negligent actions of staff, failure of existing equipment or parts thereof. The considered circumstances lead to large economic losses of electric power enterprises, expressed in the underestimation of electricity. One of the effective ways to solve this problem is the use of intelligent techniques to identify incorrectly operating metering stations of the substation network, as well as the development of an optimal model of an automated multifunctional information and measuring system for industrial use and software implementation. The purpose of the study – the development of methods of control and diagnosis of normal operation of the substation electricity metering system, determined by compliance with the reliability of electricity metering substation information and measurement systems. On the basis of the offered method the algorithm of control and diagnostics of modes of operation of the information-measuring equipment of system of the account of the electric power of substations is offered. The software for a two-level multifunctional measurement system combining the functionality of an automated electricity metering system, a system for monitoring and diagnosing the modes of operation of the information and measuring complex of substations, and a system for monitoring the quality of electricity has been developed. The results of the research were used in the development of recommendations for the construction of automated information and measurement systems based on existing power metering systems of substations for distribution grid companies. The developed technique and the corresponding algorithm of control and diagnostics of abnormal operating modes of information-measuring complex of substations allow to quickly determine the technical condition of the metering system of substations, to plan corrective measures to eliminate violations.
Wastes recycling in the construction
Authors: Murtazaev S-A Yu , Ismailova Z Kh , Salamanova M Sh , Ibragimov S Kh
Published: November 2019

For many years fuel and energy and ore-dressing industries have been the sources of industrial waste which, if treated correctly, can be reused as secondary raw material resources accumulating earlier wasted investments and power costs. The article introduces possible ways of recycling both in our country and abroad. Basing on this, ways of reusing man-produced wastes in Grozny as bottom ash waste and chippings from rock crushing into spalls have been described. Study results showed that secondary man-produced raw material can compete with and substitute non-renewable natural resources as their chemical composition and quality parameters prove their unique nature, also it is possible to take into account solution of ecological problems. Developed formulas of multi-component bindings based on finely dispersed fly-ash and concretes with the use of enriched artificial aggregates promoted recycling of secondary raw materials and improving ecological situation in the region.
Vegetal fuel as environmentally safe alternative energy source for Diesel engines
Authors: Apazhev A K , Shekikhachev Y A , Batyrov V I , Balkarov R A , Kardanov Kh B , Gubzhokov Kh L , Bolotokov A L
Published: November 2019

Oil crisis and sharp increase of oil and petroleum market prices, resource limitation fastened the search for alternative energy sources. Among alternative energy sources renewable and especially received from vegetable biomass (fuel alcohol, vegetable oils) are of the greatest interest. With the account of this the article gives the results of studying the peculiarities of the bio-Diesel operational cycle and possibilities to adapt existing Diesels to biofuel. It has been determined that substitution of the Diesel fuel (DF) with rape-seed oil (RSO) and biofuel increases maximal and intermediate injection pressure, earlier start and greater injection duration, loss in frequency and oscillatory amplitude in the pressure pipeline after completing the injection. When RSO is used there appear increased inside lacquer film on the blowgun; which results in the needle valve immobility down to hanging up; needle valve immobility leads to the time lag of inlet and lengthening of the injection, increase in maximal injection pressure. There is quality loss of spraying the fuel, increase in non-uniformity and medium volume diameter of fuel drops, as well as penetration of the fuel jet into the air medium. Higher viscosity of the biofuel increases the injection rate due to leakage decrease in plunger pairs of diesel fuel injection pumps (DFIP).
Prevention of sticking during surface casing drilling in Samotlorskoye field
Authors: Aksyonova N
Published: November 2019

The paper considers the current problem of sidewall sticking during surface casing in Samotlorskoye field. The analysis of geological and field material was carried out and the reasons for sticking during drilling of upper unstable argillaceous deposits of Lulinvorskaya, Talitskaya and Gankovskaya suites were determined. It is found that in most well construction projects, the inhibitory agents preventing clay hydration are used in drilling muds. The authors studied the mechanisms of shale inhibition. The results of experimental studies on the impact of various inhibitor additives on clay samples demonstrated the efficiency of Polysil and Osnova GS (hydrophobizated fluid) additives with sulphoacid. The results of the analysis made it possible to make proposals and recommendations to prevent sticking.
Improving the cost-performance ratio of well construction using a multi-stage hydrostatic pressure tester
Authors: Korabelnikov M I , Aksenova N A , Lipatov E Yu , Korabelnikov A M
Published: November 2019

The article considers the issue of improving the cost-performance ratio of well drilling through the use of a device for drill and production pipes, which allows for multi-stage hydrostatic pressure testing during preparatory work in the well before liner completion, well lining and other technological operations. The authors present the results of a patent analysis on the problem under study and prove the need to create a device with a simpler design with a reduced probability of breaking and allowing multiple pressure testing of pipes in the well without lifting them to the surface. The article presents a scheme of the device and the technology of its operation in the well. The results of factory tests of a prototype device with a diameter of 105 mm showed its efficiency and practicality for technological processes during the drilling and exploitation of deep oil and gas wells.
Procedural problems of forensic construction technical examination
Authors: Zhuravlyov Evgeniy , Abdullin Askar
Published: November 2019

The article analyzes procedural problems of forensic construction technical examination. It describes the types of forensic examinations. The authors analyze the content of the opinion provided by the expert.