bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new species of flat-headed mayfly Afronurus meenmutti (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae: Ecdyonurinae) from Kerala, India
Authors: Marimuthu Muthukatturaja  , Chellaiah Balasubramanian
Published: December 2021

A new species of mayfly (Heptageniidae: Ecdyonurinae) Afronurus meenmutti sp. nov. is described based on larvae and imagoes from the state of Kerala, southern India. The main characteristics that distinguish the new species from all other species are in having glossae oblong with two stout spines medially; lingua of hypopharynx deeply cleft; absence of postero-lateral spines on terga and gill I slightly lobate in the nymph. Hind wing with the acute costal process; stout spine dispersed on basal and surface of forceps in the adults.
Wildlife managers ignore previous knowledge at great risk: the case of Rivaldo, the iconic wild Asian Elephant Elephas maximus L. of the Sigur Region, Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India
Authors: Jean-Philippe Puyravaud  , Davidar Priya
Published: December 2021

Management of wildlife depends mostly on scientific data; ignoring this can lead to unintended consequences. We take the case study of the wild male Asian Elephant Rivaldo of the Sigur Region, who was translocated out of his range.  Rivaldo returned to his home range within a few days, which could have been expected if scientific publications had been consulted. We suggest that a simple checklist of relevant publications can help park managers to decide on a proper management procedure. We also used a simple Bayesian framework to visually show how the probability of predicting a management outcome is increased by prior knowledge. The expensive and risky effort to relocate the elephant could have been avoided altogether if prior knowledge had been taken into consideration.
Breeding record of Black-headed Ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus (Aves: Threskiornithidae) at Mavoor wetland, Kozhikode District, Kerala, India
Authors: C.T. Shifa
Published: December 2021

Black-headed Ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus is a nomadic and medium sized waterbird foraging in shallow water habitats and is listed under Near-Threatened category of IUCN. Though it has a widespread distribution within Kerala, little is known about their breeding sites and their ecology. In Kerala, only three nesting sites were reported so far. Present study found an additional nesting site in Mavoor wetland, which is the first record in Kozhikode district and fourth site for Kerala.
If habitat heterogeneity is effective for conservation of butterflies in urban landscapes of Delhi, India? Unethical publication based on data manipulation: Response of original authors
Authors: Monalisa Paul  , Aisha Sultana
Published: December 2021

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Freshwater fishes of the Arabian Peninsula
Authors: Rajeev Raghavan
Published: December 2021

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BELEDİYE YÖNETİCİLERİNİN KATILIMCI BÜTÇELEME HAKKINDAKİ ALGILARINA YÖNELİK NİCEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA: BANDIRMA VE ÇANAKKALE BELEDİYELERİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: DAĞLI Erkan , GÖK Musa
Published: December 2021

Katılımcı demokrasi, kamusal hizmetlerin arzında ve kamuda karar verme süreçlerinde vatandaşların da katılımını esas alan bir anlayıştır. Katılımcı demokrasinin bütçe hakkı bağlamında uygulanabilmesi katılımcı bütçeleme sisteminin etkin bir şekilde uygulanmasına bağlıdır. Katılımcı bütçeleme özünde yurttaşlarla onların temsilcilerinin demokratik işbirliğini zorunlu kılmaktadır. İyi yönetişim ilkeleri gereği demokratik katılımın sağlanmasında temel sorumluluk ister seçilmiş isterse atanmış olsun yöneticilere düşmektedir. Bu bakımdan yapılan araştırmanın amacı, yerel düzeyde katılımcı bütçeleme anlayışının uygulanmasında yöneticilerin tutum ve davranışlarının ne derece önemli olduğuna dikkat çekmektir. Çalışmada Bandırma ve Çanakkale belediyelerindeki yöneticilerin katılımcı bütçelemeye ilişkin tutum ve algıları belirlenmiştir. Araştırma verileri anket tekniği ile toplanmıştır. Yarı yapılandırılmış anket formu iki bölümden oluşmaktadır: Birinci bölümde araştırma modelini test etmek üzere hazırlanan ifadeler, ikinci bölümde ise araştırmadaki bağımlı ve bağımsız değişkenlerin sosyo-demografik özelliklerini incelemeye yönelik sorular yer almaktadır. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen verilerle; katılımcı bütçelemeye ilişkin hem kuramsal bir model oluşturulmuş hem de uygulamadaki sorunlara yönelik tüm belediyeler için geçerli olabilecek çözüm önerileri ortaya konulmuştur. Ayrıca, katılımcı bütçelemenin uygulanabilirliğinin yöneticilerin tutum ve davranışlarına göre değişiklik göstereceği araştırmanın en önemli çıktısıdır.
TFRS 16 KAPSAMINDA SAHİPLİĞE DAYALI KİRA SERTİFİKALARININ MUHASEBELEŞTİRİLMESİ
Authors: GÜRKAN Serhan , GÜÇLÜ Fatih
Published: December 2021

Sukuk, bir varlığın menkul kıymetleştirilerek ihraç edildiği kira sertifikalarıdır. Bu çalışmada, sukuk ihracı ve vade süreci boyunca VKŞ açısından sukukun TFRS 16 Kiralamalar Standardı’na göre muhasebeleştirilmesi incelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda sukuk türlerinden icare sukuk (sahipliğe dayalı kira sertifikaları) ihracı üzerinden bir örnek olay aracılığıyla muhasebe kayıtları gösterilmiştir. Çalışmada yer alan örnek olay ve muhasebe kayıtları, hali hazırda yapılan sukuk ihraçlarına ilişkin bilgiler ve sukuk ihraç eden işletmelerin kamuya açıkladıkları finansal raporlar incelenerek oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmada yer verilen örnek olay doğrultusunda, icare sukuk ihracını gerçekleştiren işletmelerin muhasebe kayıtlarında dikkat etmesi gereken noktaların başında kâr payı oranı ile etkin kâr payı oranı arasındaki fark olduğu vurgulanabilir. Muhasebe kayıtları noktasında dikkat edilmesi gereken bir diğer nokta, kâr payı tutarları ile VKŞ’nin alacağı hizmet/aracılık bedelinin ayrıştırılması gerekliliğidir. Örnek olay ile ilgili olarak dikkat edilmesi gereken bir başka husus ise icare sukuk ihracında dayanak varlığın devrinin özün önceliği kavramı gereği ticari bir işlem olarak değerlendirilemeyeceğidir. Bu nedenle TFRS 15 hükümleri yerine TFRS 16 hükümlerinin uygulanması gerekmektedir.
BAĞLANMA TÜRLERİ İLE YİYECEK NEOFOBİSİ (YENİLİKTEN KORKMA) VE YİYECEK NEOFİLİSİ (YENİLİK ARAMA) ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ
Authors: BOZ Burçin , ŞAHİN Bayram , KOÇ Erdoğan
Published: December 2021

Yeme içme insanların temel ihtiyaçları arasında yer almakta ve insanların hayatları boyunca yeme içme eğilimleri çeşitli nedenler ile farklılaşabilmektedir. İnsanların yeme eğilimlerini sosyal çevre, kültür ve kişilik ile ilgili faktörler etkileyebilmektedir. İnsanların davranışlarını etkileyen bir başka etken de insanların bağlanma türleridir. Hayatın ilk yıllarında şekillenen bağlanma türü ileriki yıllarda da devam etmekte ve davranışları etkileyebilmektedir. Bu araştırma İstanbul’daki restoranlarda yemek yeme deneyimi yaşayan 456 tüketici üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada nicel araştırma deseni kullanılmıştır. Veriler anket yöntemi ile elde edilmiştir. Anket formunda, demografik soruların yanı sıra yiyecek neofobisi, yiyecek neofilisi ve üçlü bağlanma stilleri ölçekleri yer almaktadır. Araştırma sonucunda güvenli bağlanan tüketicilerin yiyecek neofilisi eğiliminin daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca eğitim durumu yüksek olan tüketicilerin yiyecek neofilisi eğiliminin yüksek olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
SUYOLU TAŞIMACILIĞI VE GEMİCİLİK SEKTÖRÜ İÇİN FİNANSAL ENDEKS
Authors: AKDAMAR Emrah , GÖGEBAKAN Maruf
Published: December 2021

İşletmelerin finansal performanslarının belirlenmesi ve karşılaştırılması küresel rekabet açısından önemli rol oynamaktadır. Finansal performansın ölçülmesi amacıyla çeşitli sektörlere ilişkin endeksler geliştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, suyolu taşımacılığı ve gemicilik sektörüne ilişkin finansal performansın ölçülmesine yönelik bir endeks oluşturulmuştur. Bu endeks, sektörde faaliyet gösteren 223 işletmenin 20 finansal oranı kullanılarak faktör analizi ve temel bileşenler analiziyle geliştirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre 20 finansal oran 7 faktöre indirgenmiş ve toplam varyansın %85’i bu faktörlerle açıklanmıştır. Varyans açıklama oranı en yüksek olan iki faktörün karlılık ile ilgili oranlardan oluştuğu görülmüştür. Bu iki faktör endeks skorunun %48.43’ünü oluşturmaktadır. Buna bağlı olarak, bir işletmenin suyolu taşımacılığı ve gemicilik sektöründe finansal performans bakımından ön sıralarda yer alabilmesi için karlılık oranlarını iyileştirmesi gerektiği görülmüştür. Endeks skorları [0-1] normalleştirilen 223 işletmenin finansal performans ortalaması %1.9 olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Bu sonuca göre sektördeki işletmelerin finansal performanslarının düşük olduğu, karlılık oranları noktasında iyi performans sergileyen işletmelerin aykırı değer olarak ayrıştığı görülmüştür.
Cultural Politics, Critical Reflexivity, and Post-Truth Politics: A Response to Clayton Chin’s The Practice of Political Theory: Rorty and Continental Thought
Authors: Dieleman Susan
Published: December 2021

In this response to Chin’s The Practice of Political Theory: Rorty and Continental Thought, I complete two tasks. First, I clarify that Chin’s project is a metatheoretical one, aiming to reconstruct Rorty’s account of political theory as practice. Second, I claim that this reconstruction makes it possible to respond, on Rorty’s behalf, to charges that his position is complacent and acquiescent, especially as it relates to the contemporary issue of post-truth politics.
Testing the Ethos of Tolerance: Chin’s Interpretation of Rorty’s Political Theory
Authors: Festenstein Matthew
Published: December 2021

In The Practice of Political Theory, Clayton Chin puts Richard Rorty’s pragmatism in dialogue with a range of contemporary political theorists, particularly focusing on how his notion of cultural politics can speak to the ontological turn in political theory. This article focuses on Chin’s claim that Rorty’s cultural politics provides an ethos of inclusive and tolerant political engagement. After exploring the basis for Chin’s interpretation, it identifies three tensions in this ethos, in relation to character of its demandingness, the fissure between ethnocentric and egalitarian engagement, and the relationship of this ethos to the virtues and procedures of democratic citizenship.
Transferring Ethnopharmacological Results Back to Traditional Healers in Rural Indigenous Communities – The Ugandan Greater Mpigi Region Example
Authors: Schultz Fabien , Dworak-Schultz Inken , Olengo Alex , Anywar Godwin , Garbe Leif-Alexander
Published: December 2021

In ethnopharmacology, scientists often survey indigenous communities to identify and collect natural remedies such as medicinal plants that are yet to be investigated pharmacologically in a laboratory setting. The Nagoya Protocol provided international agreements on financial benefit sharing. However, what has yet only been poorly defined in these agreements are the non-financial benefits for local intellectual property right owners, such as traditional healers who originally provided the respective ethnomedicinal information. Unfortunately, ethnopharmacologists still rarely return to local communities. In this video article, the authors present a method for transferring results back to traditional healers in rural indigenous communities, taking the authors’ previous studies among 39 traditional healers in Uganda as an example. The authors’ approach is based on a two-day workshop, and the results are presented as original footage in the video article. The authors’ work demonstrated a successful method for ensuring bidirectional benefit and communication while fostering future scientific and community-work collaborations. The authors believe it is the moral duty of ethnopharmacologists to contribute to knowledge transfer and feedback once a study is completed. The workshop method, as an example for science outreach, might also be regarded as a valuable contribution to research on education theory and science communication.
Towards a Noncompliant Pedagogy of the Image: Reading Negentropic Bifurcatory Potentials in Video Images
Authors: Iwase Masayuki , Bradley Joff P. N.
Published: December 2021

The authors explore the noncompliant pedagogy of the image based on their video Autopoietic Veering: Schizo Socius of Tokyo and Vancouver (2021). It is not the kind of trendy modelized video abstract or kinetic presentation eagerly promoted by international publishers; it is a cross-cultural collaborative work intended to generate affirmative temporal ruptures of entropic habitual modes of seeing, memorizing, and thinking of human and nonhuman life in the cities of Tokyo (Japan) and Vancouver (Canada). The authors elucidate Stiegler’s (2015b) concept of a “global mnemotechnical system” that stores and produces human memories in vast digital archives and databases (tertiary retentions) through “mnemonic control” (Parisi & Goodman, 2011). The authors repurpose video images to interrupt and recontrol human perception and memories as “living engines” (Lazzarato, 2006). They foreground the philosophical work of Deleuze, Heidegger, and Virilio to rethink and revive the creative act of “critique” (Foucault, 1997) through “metamodelization” (Guattari, 1995; Manning, 2020); therefore, they plug these apparently incommensurable modes of thinking into their readings of the video’s images. They read the images as “time-images” and focus on their five dimensions that possibly activate “spiritual automation” (Deleuze, 1989), which they assess as “negentropic bifurcatory” potentials (Bradley & Kennedy, 2019).
Visual Rhetoric and the Power of Imagery: A Brief Lesson in the Rhetorical Power of Images and the Need for phronesis and krisis in the Teaching of Visual Rhetoric
Authors: Kjeldsen Jens E.
Published: December 2021

Since the ancient rhetoricians, humans have awarded imagery, the visual, and the vivid an extraordinary effect on emotions and memory. Such assumptions have led to iconophobia, iconoclasm, and myths about the special power of images. The issue of the power of pictures, however, is more complicated. As all other kinds of rhetorical utterances, the visual can be both powerful and powerless depending on the circumstances. For many pictures, the rhetorical power lies not mainly in their political deliberation, but instead in their nature as demonstrative or epideictic rhetoric: a rhetoric that does not primarily advocate immediate change, but tries to increase adherence to existing view-points, attitudes and values. Even though visual rhetoric may perform a powerful address to those who are already convinced, it does not necessarily hold much power over adversaries and sceptics. This article argues that when teaching visuality and the power of imagery, educators ought to help young pupils – and the citizenry in general – not only to decode visual communication, but also to interpret and evaluate it. The first requires knowledge about rules of visual literacy, the second requires not only critical thinking, but also situational and cultural knowledge, as well as sound judgment.
Collecting Chinese Flora: Eighteenth- to Nineteenth-Century Sino-British Scientific and Cultural Exchanges as Seen through British Collections of China Trade Botanical Paintings
Authors: Richard Josepha
Published: December 2021

In the eighteenth to nineteenth century, British botanists collected thousands of Chinese plants to advance their knowledge of natural history. John Bradby Blake was the first British botanist to systematically collect Chinese plants in the 1770s, a time when foreigners could only access Guangzhou (Canton). This article demonstrates that Blake’s Chinese flora project heavily relied on the work of Chinese ‘go-betweens’, notably painter Mak Sau, who painted Chinese plants in a scientifically accurate manner. The genre of Canton Trade botanical paintings is a hybrid between European botanical tradition and Chinese bird-and-flower paintings that had previously been difficult to analyse owing to the lack of chronological evidence. Thanks to new data uncovered in different Blake collections, this article begins to untangle the chronology of these botanical paintings, and in the process uncovers the untold agency of Chinese ‘go-betweens’ in early Sino-Western scientific and cultural exchanges.
Polysemy and Apparent Polyfunctionality of the Sakhalin Ainu Prefixes e- and ko-
Authors: Dal Corso Elia
Published: December 2021

The present study focuses on the polysemous verbal prefixes e- and ko- of Sakhalin Ainu and proposes their analysis as markers of high transitivity. The author takes a compositional approach to argument structure and event structure in order to account for the main use of e- and ko- as applicative markers as well as for their less common use as markers of resultative-completive and intensive aspect. Ultimately, the analysis shows that the apparent polyfunctionality of e- and ko- arises from two separate applications at the syntax-semantics level of one same underlying function of the prefixes. The author also comments on how the Sakhalin Ainu case fits in with other cases of valence-aspect conceptual overlapping cross-linguistically and on the implications of his findings for Ainu studies specifically.
Austronesian Lights the Way: The Origins of the Words for ‘Sun’ and Other Celestial Voca bulary in Old Ryukyuan
Authors: Kupchik John
Published: December 2021

This paper examines the evidence for historical contacts between Ryukyuans and Austronesians and uses this as a starting point to explore the borrowing of celestial vocabulary from Austronesian languages into Proto or Old Ryukyuan. The previous hypotheses for the etymology of Proto-Ryukyuan *tenda ‘sun’ are discussed in detail, and this is followed by discussions on Old Ryukyuan words meaning ‘sun’, ‘sun, light’, ‘heaven’ and ‘moon’. In all of these cases it is argued the most plausible source languages are Austronesian, based on strong phonetic and semantic correspondences, geographic proximity to the Ryukyus or the Old Ryukyuan trade route, shared celestial worship, as well as the lack of cognates in Japanese.
The Origin of the Name ‘Mongol’
Authors: de la Vaissière Étienne
Published: December 2021

This short note proposes that a hapax legomenon in a fifth century list of enemies of Khotan might give a half a millennium antecedent to the name of the Mongols, as an alternative, and older, name of the Mongol-speaking Rouran.
Austronesians in the Northern Waters?
Authors: Vovin Alexander
Published: December 2021

The following lines are inspired by John Kupchik’s seminal article ‘Austronesian Lights the Way’ that appears in this volume of JEAL. It demonstrated beyond any reasonable doubt for the first time that there are reliable Austronesian loanwords in Japonic that reveal quite ancient and profound contacts, because without these profound contacts the borrowing of the names of the most basic celestial bodies, such as the sun and the moon, would not be possible. In my opinion, his article opened a new and an exciting direction in the Japonic historical linguistics.

There are, however, two important differences between Kupchik’s article and the present one. First, while Kupchik mostly concentrated on the Amis language from Taiwan, and to a less extent on the languages of Philippines and other Western Malayo- Polynesian, my major focus is on the Philippines languages as potential donors, and much less on other Austronesian languages of the region. Second, while Kupchik looked mostly on mysterious words in the Omoro Sōshi, a collection of Old Okinawan and Amami sacred and folk poems (1531–1623 AD), this article focuses more on Old Japanese in particular and Japonic in general.
Adaptive sliding mode observer–based integral sliding mode model-free torque control for elastomer series elastic actuator–based manipulator
Authors: Wei Yangchun , Wang Haoping , Tian Yang
Published: December 2021

In this brief, an adaptive nonsingular terminal sliding mode observer–based adaptive integral terminal sliding mode model-free control is proposed for the trajectory tracking control of the output torque of elastomer series elastic actuator–based manipulator. Considering the tip load and its external disturbance, an elastomer series elastic actuator–based manipulator model is established. In order to realize the output torque tracking control of elastomer series elastic actuator–based manipulator, by using the characteristics of elastomer series elastic actuator, the output torque control is transformed into position control. Based on the idea of model-free control, an ultra-local model is applied to approximate the dynamic of the manipulator, and all the model information is considered as an unknown lumped disturbance. The adaptive nonsingular terminal sliding mode observer is designed to estimate the lumped disturbance, and the absolute value of the tracking error is introduced into the sliding surface to make the selection of parameters more flexible. Then, on the basis of adaptive nonsingular terminal sliding mode observer, the adaptive integral terminal sliding mode model-free control is proposed under model-free control framework. The design and analysis of both observer and controller do not rely on accurate model information. Finally, the performance of the proposed method is verified by simulation results.
Taking Stock: A Meta-Analysis of Work Engagement in the Hospitality and Tourism Context
Authors: Kanjanakan Pattamol , Zhu Dan , Doan Tin , Kim Peter B.
Published: December 2021

Although a number of empirical studies on work engagement have been conducted in the context of hospitality and tourism, few efforts have been made to consolidate previous findings in this area. Hence, this article explores the current stage of work engagement studies and meta-analyses the relations of work engagement with its antecedents and outcomes in the hospitality and tourism context. Through a systematic review, 134 empirical studies (N = 43,043) published from 2008 to September 2020 were identified. Given that the findings include the trends within work engagement studies and the effect sizes and variabilities of associated relationships, this study contributes to the hospitality and tourism literature by providing a useful reference for future researchers. The findings are discussed in light of their theoretical and practical implications.
Zenith AAA endovascular graft suprarenal bare metal stent separation with graft migration and type IA endoleak
Authors: Smith Julian , Joseph Simon , Thoo Catherine
Published: December 2021

Background

The Zenith endovascular graft (Cook Medical, Bloomington, IN, USA) is a well-recognised device used in endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (EVAR). After a small number of reported cases of suprarenal stent separation from the main body of the graft, modifications were made to the strength and durability of the suture line attachment of the proximal bare metal component prior to release in 2003. This report describes a further case of suprarenal stent separation and type IA endoleak in a patient who underwent an EVAR using the Zenith device in 2012.

Methods

We present a case report of a 77-year-old male with incidental finding of type IA endoleak on a background of elective endovascular repair for 50.4-mm infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), with a Cook Zenith endograft. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated separation of the suprarenal bare metal stent from the main body of the endograft, with resultant graft migration and increase in native aneurysm sac size.

Results

The patient underwent semi-urgent surgery with successful placement of a bridging thoracic stent graft between the lowest renal artery and main body of the pre-existing graft.

Conclusions

This case report describes a rare complication of Zenith devices, additionally emphasising the importance of regular surveillance imaging following EVAR.
Peritonitis as the first presentation of systemic lupus erythematous: a case report
Authors: Kheyri Zahedin , Laripour Amirreza , Ala Moein
Published: December 2021

Background

Systemic lupus erythematosus is an inflammatory disease affecting several organs. Serositis is one of the systemic lupus erythematosus presentations, but peritonitis is a relatively rare presentation. Particularly, it is extremely rare to observe peritonitis as the first presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus.

Case presentation

Here, we present a case of peritonitis without other symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus, in a patient who was finally diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus. Our patient was a 27-year-old Persian/Caucasian male with fatigue, weakness, weight loss, abdominal distension, massive ascites, and normocytic hemolytic anemia. He did not mention any prior medical conditions and did not use any drugs. There were no signs of thyroid dysfunction, cardiac dysfunction, cancers, infectious diseases, hepatitis, kidney diseases, or other diseases. Low-gradient, high-protein ascites fluid, and positive antinuclear antibody and anti-double stranded DNA were in favor of systemic lupus erythematosus. Corticosteroid pulse therapy led to resolution of ascites, and the patient was discharged with prednisolone and hydroxychloroquine.

Conclusion

Peritonitis is a rare presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus, particularly as the first presentation and in the absence of other signs and symptoms; however, systemic lupus erythematosus should be considered as one the differential diagnoses for peritonitis when other etiologies have been ruled out.
Acid hydrolysis of spent coffee grounds: effects on possible prebiotic activity of oligosaccharides
Authors: Sarghini Fabrizio , Marra Francesco , De Vivo Angela , Vitaglione Paola , Mauriello Gianluigi , Maresca Diamante , Troise Antonio Dario , Echeverria-Jaramillo Esteban
Published: December 2021

Background

Spent coffee grounds (SCG) are a promising source of natural by-products which can be used for different purposes. In this work, a possible use of oligosaccharides isolated from SCG as functional ingredients was investigated. SCGs were treated with an acid hydrolysis at high temperature (200 °C) in a closed reactor setting reaction time of 30, 60 and 90 s depending on the sample (original or defatted). A comprehensive study of the resulted water-soluble hydrolysate using a high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis was performed. Additionally, the growth of four Lactobacillus strains was tested to assess the prebiotic potential of the hydrolysate.

Results

Oligosaccharide chains formed by hexoses with a degree of polymerization ranging from 3 to 6 were identified and characterized. Regardless of the composition and the reaction time of hydrolysis, the bacterial activity of SCG extracts exhibited significantly higher values than the well-known versatile carbohydrate used by food industry, i.e., inulin.

Conclusions

The results pave the way toward the use of hydrolysate SCG as an innovative ingredient intended to fortify food formulations. The diversity in coffee oligosaccharides composition suggests their selective prebiotic activity for specific bacterial strains.

Graphical Abstract
The nexus between the economic growth and unemployment in Jordan
Authors: Hjazeen Hala , Seraj Mehdi , Ozdeser Huseyin
Published: December 2021

The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of unemployment on Jordan's economy over the period 1991–2019. This study used the auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to investigate the relationship between the unemployment rate and the other variables. Also, we employ the ARDL bootstrap cointegration approach to examine the correlation and long-run relationship among the variables. The empirical finding indicated a long-run relationship between the unemployment rate, economic growth, education, female population, and urban population in Jordan. Our finding shows the negative linkage between economic growth and unemployment, and a positive relationship among the education, female population, and urban population and unemployment in Jordan.
Processing of seismic diffractions from carbonate nodules in clay formations
Authors: Bellezza Cinzia , Poletto Flavio , Farina Biancamaria , Pinna Giorgia , Wouters Laurent , Vandenberghe Noël , Poggiagliolmi Elio
Published: December 2021

The problem of localizing small (relative to wavelength) scatterers by diffractions to enhance their use in identifying small-scale details in a seismic image is extremely important in shallow exploration to identify interesting features such as fractures, caves, and faults. The conventional approach based on seismic reflection is limited in resolution by the Rayleigh criterion. In certain acquisition geometries, such as crosswell surveys aimed at obtaining high-resolution signals, the availability of suitable data sets for effective migration depends on the spatial extent of the available source and receiver data intervals. With the aim of overcoming the resolution limits of seismic reflection, we study the detectability, response, and location of meter- and possibly submeter-dimension carbonate concretions (septaria) in the Boom Clay Formation (potential host rocks for radioactive waste disposal) by diffraction analysis of high-frequency signals. We investigate diffraction wavefields by signal separation, focusing, and high-resolution coherency analysis using the multiple signal classification method and semblance. The investigation is performed for two different surveys in Belgium, a shallow and high-resolution reverse vertical seismic profile (RVSP) and a near-offset crosswell application at Kruibeke and ON-MOL-2 sites, respectively. The data analysis is supported by synthetic wavefield modeling. The multioffset RVSP provides the appropriate geometry to observe and investigate the septaria diffractions from depth and the surface. The crosswell approach, calibrated using synthetic data in the analysis of wavefield patterns in 2D, indicates promising imaging results with field data of a selected diffraction zone in the interwell area.
Direct expansion of Fourier extrapolator for one-way wave equation using Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind
Authors: Song Hanjie , Zhang Jinhai , Zou Yongliao
Published: December 2021

The Fourier method for one-way wave propagation is efficient but potentially inaccurate in complex media. The implicit finite-difference (FD) method can handle arbitrarily complex media, but it can be inefficient in 3D and has limited dip bandwidth. We have adopted a new Fourier method based on the Chebyshev expansion of the second kind. Theoretical analyses and numerical experiments indicate that our method is comprehensively superior to a similar method based on the Chebyshev expansion of the first kind in terms of balanced amplitude and error tolerance. Within the dip bandwidth from 0° to 65°, the fourth-order form of our method has an error tolerance of 2%, which is approximately one-third that of the Chebyshev expansion of the first kind. Our method also is superior to the implicit FD method in several important aspects: effective bandwidth, computational efficiency, numerical dispersion, and two-way splitting error. It can be easily extended from 2D to 3D compared with the FD method and from low orders to high orders compared with the optimized Chebyshev-Fourier method. Our method finds better imaging results of the SEG/EAGE model by providing a well-focused salt dome, flank, and bottom as well as the detailed structures beneath the salt body, compared with the implicit FD method and the Chebyshev expansion of the first kind; meanwhile, our method has fewer imaging artifacts because it can better position the reflectors.
An accurate analytical model for squirt flow in anisotropic porous rocks — Part 1: Classical geometry
Authors: Alkhimenkov Yury , Quintal Beatriz
Published: December 2021

Seismic wave propagation in porous rocks that are saturated with a liquid exhibits significant dispersion and attenuation due to fluid flow at the pore scale, so-called squirt flow. This phenomenon takes place in compliant flat pores such as microcracks and grain contacts that are connected to stiffer isometric pores. Accurate quantitative description is crucial for inverting rock and fluid properties from seismic attributes such as attenuation. Up to now, many analytical models for squirt flow were proposed based on simplified geometries of the pore space. These models were either not compared with a numerical solution or showed poor accuracy. We have developed a new analytical model for squirt flow, which is validated against a 3D numerical solution for a simple pore geometry that has been classically used to explain squirt flow; that is why we refer to it as classical geometry. The pore space is represented by a flat cylindrical (penny-shaped) pore whose curved edge is fully connected to a toroidal (stiff) pore. Compared with correct numerical solutions, our analytical model provides very accurate predictions for the attenuation and dispersion across the whole frequency range. This includes correct low- and high-frequency limits of the stiffness modulus, the characteristic frequency, and the shape of the dispersion and attenuation curves. In a companion paper (part 2), we extend our analytical model to more complex pore geometries. We provide as supplemental information MATLAB and symbolic Maple routines to reproduce our main results.
A deep learning approach to design a borehole instrument for geosteering
Authors: Shahriari M. , Hazra A. , Pardo D.
Published: December 2021

Deep neural network (DNN)-based methods are suitable for the rapid inversion of borehole resistivity measurements. They approximate the forward and the inverse problem offline during the training phase, and they only require a fraction of a second for the online evaluation (aka prediction). Herein, we have adopted a DNN-based iterative algorithm to design a borehole instrument such that the inverse solution is unique for a given earth parameterization. We select a large set of electromagnetic measurement systems routinely used in logging operations, and our DNN algorithm selects a subset of measurements that are suitable for inversion purposes. Numerical results with synthetic data confirm that this approach can provide valuable insight when designing borehole-logging instruments.
Spatial distribution prediction of pre-Sinian volcanic and metamorphic rocks in Xinhenan-Sandaoqiao area, Northern Tarim Basin
Authors: Han Pengyuan , Diao Xindong , Ding Wenlong , Zang Liyuan , Meng Qingxiu , Wang Huanhuan
Published: December 2021

The main type of oil and gas reservoir in the Xinhenan-Sandaoqiao area is buried hills. The distribution pattern and scale of reservoirs in this area are obviously controlled by pre-Sinian basement strata. However, the lithologic combination and spatial distribution pattern of the pre-Sinian basement in this area are still unclear. We have used the method of multifactor comprehensive analysis to study the spatial distribution of pre-Sinian basement volcanic and metamorphic rocks. First, we determine the lithology and lithologic association of volcanic and metamorphic rocks according to cores and thin sections. Guided by the seismic reflection characteristics of different lithologic combinations, different lithologic combinations are identified on the profile by combining the seismic reflection characteristics of single well and multiwell. Second, using cluster analysis technology, we select three seismic attributes that are sensitive to lithology from 10 attributes, make crossplots of the three seismic attribute values, and ensure the distribution range of attribute values corresponding to different lithologic combinations for plane lithologic identification. Finally, we combine the recognition results of the plane and the profile to summarize the plane lithology distribution of the pre-Sinian basement surface. Six distribution types were identified deep metamorphic bedrock area in Kuqu depression, dynamic mixed metamorphic rock and intermediate-acidic intrusive rock area, metamorphic bedrock in thrust napple slopes area, thermal contact metamorphic rock area, intermediate-acidic intrusive rock area, and dynamic metamorphic rock area and gneiss area in faulted uplift core.
Rational Habit Formation: Experimental Evidence from Handwashing in India
Authors: Hussam Reshmaan , Rabbani Atonu , Reggiani Giovanni , Rigol Natalia
Published: December 2021

We test the predictions of the rational addiction model, reconceptualized as rational habit formation, in the context of handwashing in rural India. To track handwashing, we design soap dispensers with timed sensors. We test for rational habit formation by informing some households about a future change in the returns to daily handwashing. Monitoring and incentives raise handwashing contemporaneously, and effects persist well after they end. In addition, people are rational about this habit formation: when they anticipate future monitoring, they increase their current handwashing. Average child weight and height increase for all study arms given soap dispensers. (JEL D12, D83, D91, I12, I18, J13, O12)
Comparative Study on Very Similar Jeungdoga Scripts through Image Analysis - Fundamental Difference between Treasure No. 758-1 and Treasure No. 758-2 -
Authors: Yoo Woo Sik , Kim Jung Gon
Published: December 2021

Photographic images of the Samseong-version (三省本: Korea’s Treasure No. 758-1) and the Gongin-version (空印本: Korea’s Treasure No. 758-2) of Nammyeongcheon Hwasangsong Jeungdoga (南明泉和尙頌證道歌: Nanmingquan Song Zhengdaoge) were compared and analyzed to investigate the differences between the two versions. According to a report in 2012 at the time of the designation of the Gongin-version as Korea’s treasure, both versions were printed from the same woodblocks. The Gongin-version is presumed to be a later print than the Samseong-version. The two versions are very similar in format and shape of border lines and characters. It is difficult to determine the differences with the naked eye, even for experts. In this study, based on the printing characteristics observed from each version through image analysis, useful evidence to determine whether it was printed using the same or different woodblocks and the order of printing was collected. As a result of careful image comparison and analysis, we concluded that the Samseong- and the Gongin-version were printed from different woodblocks, or possibly different typesetting. It was difficult to agree with the content of the report that the Gongin-version was a later print than the Samseong-version. In addition, it was noted that the Gongin-version print has characteristics quite different from the typical characteristics of woodblock printing seen in the Samseong-version. Additional investigations and follow-up studies on the printing technology used for Gongin-version print and the timing of printing are recommended.
Frontiers in Service Science: Integrating ESG Measures and Supply Chain Management: Research Opportunities in the Postpandemic Era
Authors: Dai Tinglong , Tang Christopher
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the instrumental role of supply chains in delivering economic, human, and societal value. At the same time, the pandemic has intensified interest among businesses, governments, and academics to examine environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues. In today’s hyper-globalized economy, ESG measures are futile unless they explicitly incorporate a firm’s end-to-end operations throughout its entire supply chain. On the other hand, well-calibrated ESG measures should play a central role in guiding a firms’ day-to-day supply chain management practices. To illustrate the value of unifying ESG and end-to-end supply chain thinking, we present three supply chain cases that arose amid the COVID-19 pandemic, involving online platforms; public health supply chains; and vaccine development, manufacturing, and distribution, respectively. Drawn from these three cases, we spotlight some new research opportunities in both ESG and supply chain management.
The Transformations of Greek Working-Class Fiction from the Interwar Period to the Present
Authors: Petsa Vasiliki , Zisimopoulou Sofia , Natsina Anastasia , Dimitrakakis Ioannis
Published: December 2021

Surveying a large corpus of Modern Greek fiction from the interwar years to the decade of the financial crisis (2010-2020) we set out to delineate the national inflection of ‘working-class fiction’ along the axes of theme and style as well as answerability, i.e. the engagement with working-class interests in distinct periods (interwar years, WWII and postwar, Metapolitefsi and beyond). Characterized by quantitative and aesthetic variability, the Greek version of the genre is shown to engage actively with topical contextual issues as well as with changing imperatives of authorial commitment and the shifting composition of the working class.
Divergent Approaches to Access: How Selective College Admissions Offices Recruit Lower-Income, First-Generation, and Working-Class Students
Authors: Gunther Hannah , Benson Janel
Published: December 2021

In recent years, selective colleges and universities have made diversifying their student bodies a top priority, yet the class diversity on these campuses has barely shifted. While most research on class disparities in college admissions focuses on student explanations, this study seeks to understand how campus admissions approaches to recruitment may also contribute to why so few lower-income, first-generation, and/or working-class students (LIFGWC students) attend selective colleges. To address this question, we conducted interviews with seven admissions officers from selective campuses with both relatively strong and weak records of LIFGWC students recruitment. Institutions with stronger records of recruiting LIFGWC students actively sought out new initiatives to make their college more accessible for LIFGWC students, and these actions were motivated by a shared focus on improving larger societal inequality. Although campuses with weaker records also expanded their recruitment strategies, their efforts were often piecemeal and motivated by competition for students and institutional rankings rather than a larger mission to improve diversity and equity. These findings suggest that institutional missions and philosophies are central to increasing access.
Running head: Bail, Reform, and Foucault’s Dangerous Individual
Authors: Wright Wendy L.
Published: December 2021

Over 2.5 million people in the US are incarcerated annually for the sole reason that they cannot afford cash bail. This nearly exclusively affects the working-class, and disproportionately affects Black and brown individuals and communities. Whether someone is incarcerated pending trial affects employment, family stability, and even likelihood of conviction. Across the US, reform efforts are being considered and adopted, but in this paper, I use a political theory approach to argue that racial capitalist ideologies that construct the accused as specifically ‘dangerous’ impede just policy transformation. I start by centralizing Michel Foucault’s genealogy of the ‘dangerous individual’ as a frame for analyzing the logics and movement of the dangerous figure, and then re-situate the concept of the dangerous person in the contemporary US bail context. Ultimately, I argue that the dominance of oppressive ideologies in the bail discourse demonstrates the pervasive race and class biases that persist in the criminal justice apparatus, even in policy reform approaches that promise unbiased outcomes like algorithmic assessments.
Navigating Academia as a Working-Class Academic
Authors: Crew Teresa
Published: December 2021

Despite an increasing focus on the impact of class in higher education, less has been said about the experiences of those working-class people who navigate from student to scholar. In the largest interview study to date, conducted in the United Kingdom, this paper draws upon extensive qualitative interview data with ninety working-class academics. This article highlights the hostile encounters faced by these academics but also illuminates the forms of capital and the assets they bring to academia. The article suggests how we can move forward before providing a reminder that the working class should not be viewed by their supposed deficits (real or imaginary).
Missing Men? Precarity and Declining Labor Force Participation Among Working-Class Men
Authors: Francis Robert
Published: December 2021

Recent research has noted declining labor force participation among working class men in the United States, but with little attention to the mechanisms underlying such withdrawal. In this article—drawing on in-depth interviews with 61 working-class men from rural Pennsylvania—I address this gap in the literature by prodding respondents on the sequential character of their employment experiences, their perceived vulnerabilities, and the calculations they make in the contexts in which they live. Findings reveal fluctuations in their engagement with work, something I refer to as participation churn. However, respondents’ labor force narratives also show how they adapt to local employment conditions and personal circumstances, a phenomenon referred to as adaptive nonparticipation. The results highlight key mechanisms underlying labor force dropout and have implications for how declining labor force participation should be understood. These findings advance the sociological understanding of how workers—even in precarious positions—assert agency.
Social and Economic Costs of Inequality in the State of Virginia
Authors: Eppard Lawrence , Nelson Erik , McLaughlin Michael , Ward Theresa
Published: December 2021

This study examined selected social and economic costs of inequality in the state of Virginia. We explored the extent of inequality of place across the state, finding significant inequalities between counties on measures such as household income, poverty, college completion, single parenthood, and racial segregation. These inequalities of place were strongly associated with inequalities in the adult outcomes of children raised in different areas of the state, including unequal household income and unequal rates of upward mobility, college completion, incarceration, and marriage in adulthood. When examining the association between homicides and concentrated disadvantage in the capital city of Richmond, our mapping techniques demonstrated a strong association. Finally, we estimated that child poverty results in billions of dollars of economic costs to the state each year.
Prevention and control of dengue and chikungunya in Colombia: A cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Claypool Anneke L. , Brandeau Margaret L. , Goldhaber-Fiebert Jeremy D.
Published: December 2021

Background

Chikungunya and dengue are emerging diseases that have caused large outbreaks in various regions of the world. Both are both spread by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitos. We developed a dynamic transmission model of chikungunya and dengue, calibrated to data from Colombia (June 2014 –December 2017).

Methodology/Principal findings

We evaluated the health benefits and cost-effectiveness of residual insecticide treatment, long-lasting insecticide-treated nets, routine dengue vaccination for children aged 9, catchup vaccination for individuals aged 10–19 or 10–29, and portfolios of these interventions. Model calibration resulted in 300 realistic transmission parameters sets that produced close matches to disease-specific incidence and deaths. Insecticide was the preferred intervention and was cost-effective. Insecticide averted an estimated 95 chikungunya cases and 114 dengue cases per 100,000 people, 61 deaths, and 4,523 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). In sensitivity analysis, strategies that included dengue vaccination were cost-effective only when the vaccine cost was 14% of the current price.

Conclusions/Significance

Insecticide to prevent chikungunya and dengue in Colombia could generate significant health benefits and be cost-effective. Because of limits on diagnostic accuracy and vaccine efficacy, the cost of dengue testing and vaccination must decrease dramatically for such vaccination to be cost-effective in Colombia. The vectors for chikungunya and dengue have recently spread to new regions, highlighting the importance of understanding the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of policies aimed at preventing these diseases.