bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teacher‐Student Rapport: An Essential Mediator in Creating a Learning Climate Conducive to Psychological Well‐Being of Chinese Students
Authors: Cao Yue
Published: October 2024

The success of students is closely tied to their well‐being and those students with high degrees of well‐being are more likely to excel in academic environments. Accordingly, the internal and external factors that cause positive changes in students' mental states and lead them to higher levels of psychological well‐being (PWB) need to be divulged. In response to this necessity, many scholars have explored the internal and external predictors of students' PWB such as teacher–student rapport (TSR) and learning climate in different educational domains. To narrow these gaps, this research inspects the role of TSR as a mediator in creating a learning climate conducive to PWB of Chinese Students. To do so, three scales were given to 588 Chinese students, among them 560 were valid. Then, structural equation modelling (SEM) was performed to analyse participants' answers. The results disclosed strong and close connections between TSR, learning climate and students' PWB. The results also uncovered that TSR was a significant mediator between learning climate and PWB. The outcomes of this investigation might be illuminating for teachers, teacher trainers and educational managers.
Hymer and the theory of the MNE: A commentary by John Cantwell
Authors: Cantwell John
Published: October 2024

This article provides a commentary on the paper by Pitelis and Piteli on Hymer as the pioneer of the theory of the multinational enterprise (MNE). I suggest that Stephen Hymer and his contemporary, John Dunning, also laid the foundation for an analysis of an international business (IB) system, which reaches well beyond the theory of the MNE and its strategy. I argue firstly that early IB theories, including Hymer's, which emerged from the late 1950s onwards, mostly had a holistic view of the IB system, of which the MNE was just one element. Secondly, I contend that both Hymer and Dunning developed from the outset some seminal ideas on the interrelationships that exist between the MNE and its strategy, on the one hand, and the wider economic and social environment in which firms are embedded, on the other. I suggest that Dunning's eclectic paradigm was intended as a framework for the study of the IB system in its entirety as a complex, relational system. Thirdly, while Hymer's ideas on cross‐border geographic hierarchy, uneven development and IB were highly original and remain relevant today, they need to be substantially updated and revised in the current IB context, as opposed to the context which prevailed in the IB system of the 1950s through to the 1970s.
A deep‐learning‐based histopathology classifier for focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) unravels a complex scenario of comorbid FCD subtypes
Authors: Vorndran Jörg , Blümcke Ingmar
Published: October 2024

Objective

Recently, we developed a first artificial intelligence (AI)‐based digital pathology classifier for focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) as defined by the ILAE classification. Herein, we tested the usefulness of the classifier in a retrospective histopathology workup scenario.

Methods

Eighty‐six new cases with histopathologically confirmed FCD ILAE type Ia (FCDIa), FCDIIa, FCDIIb, mild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia in epilepsy (MOGHE), or mild malformations of cortical development were selected, 20 of which had confirmed gene mosaicism.

Results

The classifier always recognized the correct histopathology diagnosis in four or more 1000 × 1000‐μm digital tiles in all cases. Furthermore, the final diagnosis overlapped with the largest batch of tiles assigned by the algorithm to one diagnostic entity in 80.2% of all cases. However, 86.2% of all cases revealed more than one diagnostic category. As an example, FCDIIb was identified in all of the 23 patients with histopathologically assigned FCDIIb, whereas the classifier correctly recognized FCDIIa tiles in 19 of these cases (83%), that is, dysmorphic neurons but no balloon cells. In contrast, the classifier misdiagnosed FCDIIb tiles in seven of 23 cases histopathologically assigned to FCDIIa (33%). This mandates a second look by the signing histopathologist to either confirm balloon cells or differentiate from reactive astrocytes. The algorithm also recognized coexisting architectural dysplasia, for example, vertically oriented microcolumns as in FCDIa, in 22% of cases classified as FCDII and in 62% of cases with MOGHE. Microscopic review confirmed microcolumns in the majority of tiles, suggesting that vertically oriented architectural abnormalities are more common than previously anticipated.

Significance

An AI‐based diagnostic classifier will become a helpful tool in our future histopathology laboratory, in particular when large anatomical resections from epilepsy surgery require extensive resources. We also provide an open access web application allowing the histopathologist to virtually review digital tiles obtained from epilepsy surgery to corroborate their final diagnosis.
Condition‐Dependent Female Aggression and Its Effects on Mating Success and Sexual Cannibalism in Jumping Spiders
Authors: Vickers Michael E. , Robertson Marianne W. , Wilcoxen Travis E.
Published: October 2024

Pre‐copulatory sexual cannibalism is an extreme form of aggression toward potential mates. In this study, we examined condition‐dependent female aggression and its effects on mating success and frequency of pre‐copulatory sexual cannibalism in the jumping spider Phidippus audax Hentz 1845. We examined two of the leading hypotheses of why sexual cannibalism may occur, (1) female mate choice and (2) adaptive female foraging. We separated 137 adult virgin female P. audax into three feeding treatments: (1) well‐fed spiders, (2) 14‐day food deprived, and (3) 28‐day food deprived. We recorded weight loss (14‐ and 28‐day treatments) and survival rates. We conducted mating trials to measure the proportion of non‐aggressive and aggressive male and female behaviors, male mating success, and pre‐copulatory sexual cannibalism. Females deprived of food had higher weight loss and lower survival rates than well‐fed females. In addition, food deprived female spiders exhibited higher proportions of aggressive behaviors and pre‐copulatory sexual cannibalism, and lower mating success compared to well‐fed spiders. We found that as male size increased females were less likely to cannibalize males, but we found no effect of male body condition on whether a male mated with or was cannibalized by a female. Our results are consistent with the adaptive foraging hypothesis and corroborates prior research on pre‐copulatory sexual cannibalism.
Spiraling down: Fearful attachment style moderates the link between parental burnout and violence
Authors: Schittek Alice , Roskam Isabelle , Mikolajczak Moïra
Published: October 2024

Objective

The aim of the current preregistered cross‐sectional study was to examine whether in parents with high anxious (characterized with a negative model of self), dismissing (characterized with a negative model of others), and fearful attachment styles (characterized with a negative model of self and of others), the link between parental burnout and violence toward the offspring is stronger.

Background

Past research has shown that parental burnout exacerbates violence toward the offspring, but the correlation is not perfect (r = .49), which suggests that not all parents in burnout out are violent, and that moderators might therefore be at play.

Method

Participants (N = 794) answered an online questionnaires one time, through Prolific. Parental burnout, violence, and attachment styles were measured through the Parental Burnout Assessment, the Parental Violence Scale, and the Relationship Questionnaire. Multiple regression analyses were performed to test the moderating role of anxious, dismissing, and fearful attachment styles.

Results

Parental burnout and all attachment styles are significantly related to violence. However, only fearful attachment style significantly potentiated the relation between parental burnout and violence.

Conclusion

In parents with high fearful attachment style, the link between parental burnout and violence toward the offspring is stronger. Results are discussed in light of the role of internal models of self and others.

Implications

Anxious, dismissing, and fearful attachment styles should systematically be investigated when dealing with burnt out parents, as some may be associated with a higher risk of violence toward the offspring.
The Accelerating Loss of Resilience in Suburban Woodlands Can Largely Be Attributed to the Changes in Urban Precipitation Patterns
Authors: Chen Han , Xiang Yuhui
Published: October 2024

Vegetation resilience holds significant importance for stabilizing ecosystem service functions in a changing climate. While global land surface vegetation resilience changes have been extensively studied, the impact of urbanization on the resilience of suburban woodlands remains inadequately understood. In this study, we utilized two critical slowing down (CSD) indicators, namely lag‐one autocorrelation (LOA) and variance (VA), to assess the vegetation resilience, its long‐term trends, and influencing factors in suburban woodlands across 1356 cities worldwide. The recovery rates estimated by LOA () and VA () showed close alignment in suburban woodlands with low suburban forest coverage (SFC) areas (correlation coefficient (r) = 0.95). However, a notable divergence was observed in areas with high SFC (r = 0.73). Suburban woodlands with high SFC typically exhibited lower recovery rate estimates, thus indicating greater vegetation resilience compared to areas with lower SFC. From 1986 to 2022, the recovery rates of suburban woodland areas in over 83% of the cities demonstrated a significant upward trend, with an average of 3.23 × 10−3 year−1 for both and , signifying a widespread decline in vegetation resilience. The accelerating pace of urbanization led to higher rising rates of and during 2010–2022 (5.11 × 10−3 year−1) compared to 1986–1999 (0.49 × 10−3 year−1). The notable decrease in resilience of forestland was primarily attributed to reduced precipitation in urban suburbs, which can be explained by urbanization‐induced heat island and building barrier effects, causing a shift of precipitation center from urban suburbs to central cities. In summary, this study revealed that urbanization diminishes the vegetation resilience of urban suburban woodlands by altering urban precipitation patterns. These findings underscore the necessity of augmenting water availability in urban suburbs to restore resilience in these woodlands, thereby enhancing their ecosystem service value.
Giant cell interstitial pneumonia: case series with comprehensive ultrastructural analyses of “not only” hard metal pneumoconiosis
Authors: Fortarezza Francesco , Perilli Matteo , Della Barbera Mila , Pezzuto Federica , Faccioli Eleonora , Cocconcelli Elisabetta , Cozzi Emanuele , Somigliana Anna Benedetta , Bonvicini Barbara , Rea Federico , Basso Cristina , Rizzo Stefania , Calabrese Fiorella
Published: October 2024

Aims

Giant cell interstitial pneumonia (GIP) is a fibrosing lung disease histologically characterized by centrilobular pulmonary fibrosis and cannibalistic intra‐alveolar multinucleated giant cells. It is considered a form of pneumoconiosis caused particularly by secondary exposure to hard metals (cemented carbide or tungsten carbide). Hard metals are commonly used in various industrial applications, such as cutting tools, drilling tools, machine inserts, and other wear‐resistant components. However, cases with unknown exposure that recurred in transplanted lungs have been described. This has led to the hypothesis of a complex etiopathogenesis, likely multifactorial, involving the coparticipation of immune mechanisms. We aimed to identify all the elements present in a series of GIP lung samples to better understand the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease.

Methods and Results

We describe five cases of histologically diagnosed GIP in patients with occupational exposure to metallic dust using ultrastructural characterization to identify metal dust and to quantify asbestos fibres. We found that tungsten was present in three cases, albeit in trace amounts in two of them. Numerous elements were identified in all samples, including asbestos fibres in patients with endstage pulmonary fibrosis. Furthermore, in one of the described cases the recurrence of the disease was also observed in transplanted lungs.

Conclusion

These findings support the hypothesis that GIP may be due to elements other than hard metals, with asbestos possibly representing a contributory factor in the expression of a more severe fibrotic disease. The recurrence of GIP observed in transplanted organs strengthens the hypothesis of the existence of a not yet fully understood etiopathogenic immune mechanism.
Why do dentists refrain from intervention in cases of persistent asymptomatic apical periodontitis in root canal filled teeth? An interview study among general dental practitioners
Authors: Lindström Maria Granevik , Fransson Helena , Dawson Victoria S. , Kvist Thomas ,   EndoReCo, Wolf Eva
Published: October 2024

Aim

To explore the context in which general dental practitioners (GDPs) decide to refrain from further treatment, that is, ortho‐ or retrograde retreatment or extraction of a root canal filled tooth with persistent asymptomatic apical periodontitis (PAAP).

Methodology

Fifteen GDPs were strategically selected for in‐depth interviews. The informants were encouraged to describe in their own words and in as much detail as possible, the three most recent patient cases of PAAP of a root canal filled tooth, in which they decided to refrain from further treatment. The interviews were recorded digitally and transcribed verbatim. The collected material was analysed according to Qualitative Content Analysis with an inductive approach.

Results

A pattern of varying degrees of uncertainty associated with the decision process was identified. The motives to refrain intervention had great diversity. The result from analysis of the qualitative data was formulated in an overall theme ‘Between doubt and certainty in a complex clinical context’ covering the latent content. The first main category covering the manifest content was ‘The continuum of confidence’ with three subcategories ‘Experienced uncertainty’, ‘Reluctant approval’ and ‘At ease with refraining’ illustrating the feelings and attitudes experienced by the informants. The second category was ‘In support of acceptance’ with three subcategories ‘Patient's autonomy, risks and cost‐benefits’, ‘Emotional aspects’ and ‘Relieving measures’ representing the reasons for refraining from intervention.

Conclusions

The decision to refrain from further treatment, that is, ortho‐ or retrograde retreatment or extraction of a root canal filled tooth with PAAP was made with some measure of confidence, combined with compensatory strategies to support the decision, taking into account not only values beneficial to the patient and awareness of limited external resources, but also factors related to the informants' personal preferences, convenience, concerns, ambition and emotions.
Extraction method for characterizing microcracks on Si3N4 ceramic bearings rolling element with contour segmentation
Authors: Yu Dongling , Liu Guiling , Li Guangmao , Jiang Hong , Hu Weiwen , Dong Feng
Published: October 2024

Aiming at the fuzzy diffusion characteristics of microcrack regions in Si3N4 ceramic bearing rolling elements, an adaptive region segmentation method is proposed to achieve precise extraction of microcrack features. The fuzzy diffusion effect of the microcrack region is analyzed, and a structural complexity matrix is defined to represent the degree of structural variation in the image. A threshold point is determined through histogram analysis, and the matrix dispersion rate is calculated using a box plot to update the correction factor, optimizing the overlap of noise in the microcrack image. The causes of distortion in the microcrack region are analyzed, and pixel points are assigned based on spatial metrics and LAB color features. The fuzzy boundaries and overlapping regions are segmented using the fuzzy C‐means clustering algorithm. A grid search algorithm is embedded to quantitatively evaluate the optimal combination of hyperparameters, enabling comprehensive extraction of microcrack features in Si3N4 ceramic bearing rolling elements. The optimized image achieves an average peak signal‐to‐noise ratio of 39.3, an information fidelity criterion of 7.9328, and an average extraction accuracy of approximately 0.92, effectively overcoming the impact of the fuzzy diffusion effect on the accuracy of microcrack feature extraction in Si3N4 ceramic bearing rolling elements.
Microstructure evolution and nitriding mechanism of Ti‐6Al‐4 V alloy in alumina‐based refractories
Authors: Xu Deting , Yu Renhong , Li Mancang , Zang Yunfei , Ren Jiawang , Ren Hengxing , Huang Jiangwen , Lian Fang
Published: October 2024

The aims of this study were to explore the nitriding mechanism of Ti‐6Al‐4 V alloy in Al2O3‐based refractories. Al2O3‐based composite refractories were fabricated using Ti‐6Al‐4 V and sintered alumina as main materials, followed by nitriding at different temperatures in a nitrogen atmosphere. Phase and microstructure evolution of the products was analyzed by X‐ray diffraction and field‐emission scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The results reveal a multi‐stage nitridation process of Ti‐6Al‐4 V at different temperatures. At 900°C, nitridation of the Ti‐6Al‐4 V surface results in the formation of a (Ti,V)N solid solution, while Al and V migrate inward, forming intermetallic compounds Ti3Al and a‐Ti (Ti1‐x‐yVxAly) with rich Al and V. At 1100°C, nitridation of Ti3Al produces intermediate products like Ti2AlN or Ti3AlN, with continued inward migration of Al or V to form the intermetallic α2 phase of (Ti1‐xVx)3yAly in the center of the alloy particles. At 1300°C, decomposition of Ti2AlN or Ti3AlN results in the outward migration of Al atoms and the presence of AlN on the outer layer of Ti‐6Al‐4 V particles, thus forming a hollow structure. Finally, at 1500°C, the (Ti,V)N solid solution grains grow as a result of further diffusion and dissolution of nitrogen.
An inconvenient truth: When ideologies of multilingualism lead to auto‐inflicted epistemic exclusion by multilingual students in higher education
Authors: Melo‐Pfeifer Sílvia , Tavares Vander
Published: October 2024

In this article, we juxtapose two international contexts of higher education to critically examine both the situated complexity of (restrictive) ideologies of multilingualism and the ways such ideologies inform multilingual students’ choices of language use that contribute to their own epistemic exclusion in Canada and Germany. A content analysis of data from interviews and written reflections on language choice illustrates that the ideologies of (1) devaluation of partial repertoires, (2) maximalist view of language competences, (3) neoliberal multilingualism, and (4) native‐speakerism‐in‐multilingualism are enacted and reproduced by students themselves in both contexts, leading to auto‐inflicted epistemic exclusion. The findings reveal not only the pervasiveness of monolingualism within multilingualism and higher education, but also the hierarchization of languages and their (imagined) speakers, from which we conclude that not all forms of individual multilingualism are valued, despite increasing celebration of diversity in global higher education.
High‐efficiency electromagnetic absorption of HfC–SiCf ceramics with a 3D reticular structure
Authors: Zhang Yaqi , Li Rong , Luo Wenjing , Mei Min , Hu Pengfei , Mao Xiaodong , Zhen Qiang
Published: October 2024

The development of high‐temperature electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbing materials is an important direction for achieving radar stealth in high‐speed aircraft. In this study, HfC–SiCf composite ceramics with 3D reticular structure were synthesized in one‐step using the molten‐salt‐assisted carbon thermal reduction method. During the synthesis process, SiC grew in situ into a fibrous structure with a diameter of 500 nm and lengths ranging from 2 to 30 µm. By adjusting the molar ratio of HfC to SiC, the HfC‐30 mol% SiC (HS30) exhibited the best EM absorption performance at room temperature, with a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −31.4 dB at 16.1 GHz and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 4.6 GHz. The excellent absorption performance was attributed to the 3D reticular structure composed of SiC fibers, HfC bulk, and HfC nanoparticles, which significantly increased the number of pores and heterogeneous interfaces in the material. These microinterfaces induced interface polarization effects, thereby effectively enhancing the EM absorption. As the temperature increased, the EM absorption performance declined. At 900°C, the HS30 sample exhibited an EAB of 1.18 GHz from 12.4 to 13.58 GHz and an RLmin of 22.6 dB at 13.0 GHz. This research provides references for understanding the effects of material composition and structure on EM absorption performance.
β‐Cristobalite thermal expansion and stability in environmental barrier coating systems
Authors: Stokes Jamesa L.
Published: October 2024

SiC‐based ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) for turbine engine applications require environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) to protect against water‐vapor induced corrosion. A significant limiting factor of EBC operating lifetime is the formation of a SiO2 thermally grown oxide (TGO) at the EBC–CMC interface at high temperature. Its rapid growth as well as displacive β→α cristobalite phase transformation upon cooling induces strains at this interface, which can result in coating spallation. Recent work has explored upon the use of modifier oxides in EBCs to reduce oxidizing specie transport and possibly stabilize the SiO2 TGO. This work utilizes EBC–glass mixtures to characterize the properties of modifier‐stabilized SiO2 and assess its impact in future EBC systems.
The structural, magnetic, and optical properties of flame spray pyrolysis‐derived spinel NiFe2O4 nanoparticles
Authors: Yildirim Serdar , Ozler Berk , Ozdemir Erdem Tevfik , Erol Mustafa , Dikici Tuncay , Oguzlar Sibel
Published: October 2024

In this study, spinel NiFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized employing a one‐step flame spray pyrolysis technique and subjected to annealing at 500°C for 4 h. Thermal, structural, elemental, morphological, magnetic, and photoluminescence properties of the nanoparticles before and after annealing were evaluated using thermogravimetry–differential thermal analyzer, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, vibrating sample magnetometry, and fluorescence spectrometer, respectively. Results revealed a pronounced increase in particle size from an average of 80 nm to approximately 140 nm postannealing. XRD verified the retention of the cubic spinel structure with enhanced crystallinity and grain enlargement post‐thermal treatment, without the emergence of additional phases. The photoluminescence analysis showed distinct blue and green emission bands, with excitation at about 364 nm leading to blue emission at 500 nm and green emission at 550 nm both as‐prepared and postannealing. Additionally, magnetic characterization revealed an improvement in saturation magnetization from 16.31 emu/g for the as‐prepared samples to 29.68 emu/g postannealing, underscoring the annealing process's positive impact on magnetic properties. These findings emphasize the potential of tailored NiFe2O4 nanoparticles for applications in magnetic data storage, targeted drug delivery, and bioimaging, driven by modifications in their magnetic and photoluminescence characteristics through thermal treatment.
Ta doping effect on microstructure and microwave dielectric properties of CoNb2O6‐based ceramics and mechanism study
Authors: Jia Wenxiao , Huang Zipeng , Li Lingxia
Published: October 2024

As communication technology continues to evolve, 5G technology is becoming more mature, and 6G technology is steadily advancing. Microwave equipment is moving toward high frequency, miniaturization, low loss and high temperature stability, and microwave dielectric ceramics have been deeply applied in this field. To elevate the Q × f value of CoNb2O6 system, Ta5+ was introduced into CoNb2O6, and CoNb2‐xTaxO6 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8) ceramics were prepared by the traditional solid‐phase method. By X‐ray diffraction, it was observed that at x = 0.8, in addition to a single niobium ferrite phase, information of tantalate phase also appeared. Raman spectral detection and group theory analysis indicate that Ag(2) and Ag(3) modes are the dominant Raman vibrations at ≈873 cm−1. Furthermore, the polarization rate affects the εr value, and the bond energy of Nb/Ta‐O and the recovery force characterized by the average deformation of the [Nb/TaO6] octahedron are the key elements influencing the temperature coefficient of the resonance frequency (τf). The internal strain, ordered induced size, and chemical bonding valence of ionic valence states are the key factors that can increase the Q × f value. Moreover, the introduction of ions with lower electronegativity leads to an enhanced electronic compensation of oxygen vacancies, which also reduces the dielectric loss. This paper enriches the theory related to low dielectric loss and shows that CoNb1.8Ta0.2O6 (εr = 21.4832, Q × f = 100723 GHz, τf = ‐61.38 ppm/°C) ceramics with superior microwave dielectric properties are expected to be used in wireless communication devices.
Multiscale study on the properties and crack propagation of 2D woven SiCf/SiC with pores using elastoplastic phase field
Authors: Gao Jin , He Xiaodong , Fan Haolong , Song Guangping , Zou Xiaocan , Zheng Yongting , Bai Yuelei
Published: October 2024

To understand the effect of processing and prefabricated pores on 2D woven SiCf/SiC composites (2DW‐SiCf/SiC), their crack propagation and mechanical response under tension load at meso‐ and macro‐ scale are investigated by a promising elastoplastic phase field method (EPPFM). Of much interest, the computational results are well consistent with the available experimental results, verifying the reliability of EPPFM. A significant dependence on pores is observed in the relationship between the strength, Young's modulus, work of fracture of 2DW‐SiCf/SiC and porosity when pores exist solely in the matrix out of yarns, and both in the matrix and yarns, respectively. Moreover, the more dangerous processing pores at mesoscale near yarn are attributed to the inconsistent deformation of the yarn and matrix. Finally, the EPPFM is used for the effect of geometry size on the joint failure mode of 2DW‐SiCf/SiC plate with prefabricated open holes under pin‐loading. Of importance, the more safe bearing failure mode occurs in 2DW‐SiCf/SiC plate when edge distance‐to‐hole diameter ratio and width‐to‐hole diameter ratio are greater than 1.5 and 3, respectively.
High‐temperature behavior and self‐enhancing mechanisms of oxide‐bonded SiC porous ceramics
Authors: Zhou Guangyu , Zou Dong , Gao Yuanhui , He Wentai , Wei Wei , Han Feng , Peng Wenbo , Zhong Zhaoxiang , Xing Weihong
Published: October 2024

Oxide‐bonded SiC porous ceramics (SCPCs), synthesized via reaction bonding, exhibit significant potential for high‐temperature applications. However, incorporating sintering aids inevitably results in a considerable quantity of amorphous glass phase within SCPCs, thereby introducing risks to their high‐temperature mechanical performance. In this study, we employ in‐situ characterization techniques to investigate the high‐temperature behavior of SCPCs. Our findings reveal that SCPCs demonstrate remarkable high‐temperature self‐enhancing properties, with a critical bending strength at 800°C. Beyond this temperature, the strength declines sharply. Intriguingly, the critical bending strength is 36.6% greater than at ambient temperature. Moreover, elevated temperatures enhance the elastic modulus and promote the transition of SCPCs from multilinear to nonelastic fracture. The neck phase, which imparts strength to the SCPCs, is composed of four distinct layers along the depth direction: silicate glass, oxygen‐containing, silicon‐rich, and SiC region, as revealed by FIB‐TEM. The transformation from α to β‐cristobalite in the oxygen‐containing region improves the thermal expansion match with SiC, thereby mitigating local stress concentration. Furthermore, the compressive stress within the neck region intensifies with increasing temperatures, thereby inhibiting crack propagation. This work provides a basis for the high‐temperature applications of SCPCs.
Impact of ZnO content in BAS glass–ceramics and pre‐oxidation temperature on Kovar alloys to their sealing strength
Authors: Jia Han , Ao Cong , Mi Yue , Lin Tiesong , Zhang Xiaofeng , Li Hong , Xiong Dehua
Published: October 2024

This work studied the effect of Si/Zn ratio on the structure of B2O3–Al2O3–SiO2 (BAS) parent glass and the microstructure, properties of the resulting glass‐ceramics after heat treatment. Additionally, the effects of different pre‐oxidation temperature of Kovar alloys and sealing temperature on the shear strength of these sealed glass–ceramics‐to‐Kovar samples were studied. First, the parent glass precipitated three kinds of crystals Al0.52Zr0.48O1.74 (PDF#53‐0294), ZrO2 (PDF#37‐1484), and ZnAl2O4 (PDF#05‐0669) in BAS glass–ceramics. The coefficient of thermal expansion of glass–ceramics increased from 48.17 × 10−7 to 54.92 × 10−7°C−1 with the gradual increase of ZnO content. With an optimizing pre‐oxidized temperature of Kovar at 950°C, a champion sample with the highest sealing strength of 6.086 MPa was achieved when BAS glass–ceramics sealed to Kovar at 1000°C for 30 min. Moreover, the sealing interface was observed to consist of four distinct regions: the matrix alloy, the alloy iron‐deficiency area, the iron‐rich glass–ceramics, and the matrix glass–ceramics.
Fabrication and characterization of foamed ceramics with a hierarchical pore structure from pyrite‐rich cyanide tailing
Authors: Ge Xuexiang , Niu Maoxiang , Dai Yonggang , Jin Xing , Wang Qingping , Zhang Ying
Published: October 2024

In this study, foamed ceramics with hierarchical closed‐cell pore structures (HPS‐FC) were successfully prepared using pyrite‐rich cyanide tailing (CT) and fly ash. The formation mechanism of the hierarchical pore structure was analyzed by investigating the influence of the heating rate on both the pore structure and the physical properties of foamed ceramics. The results demonstrate that CT is suitable for the preparation of foamed ceramics due to its low softening temperature and self‐expansion capability at high temperatures. Interestingly, the heating rate significantly affects the pore structure of foamed ceramics prepared from CT. As the heating rate increases from 1 to 4°C/min, a hierarchical pore structure emerges, characterized by gradual alterations in bulk density, compressive strength, and thermal conductivity within the foamed ceramics. Whereas, excessive heating rates (≥6°C/min) result in the generation of abnormally large pores, which deteriorate the mechanical properties of foamed ceramics. The oxidation of FeS2 from CT consumes a large amount of oxygen during heating, which is the primary reason for the formation of the hierarchical pore structure. Therefore, HPS‐FC can be produced from CT by adjusting the heating rate, which combines high strength with good thermal insulation and demonstrates promising applications in prefabricated buildings.
The MINT Program: A Mixed‐Method Approach to Identifying Nature‐Based Resources to Promote Adolescent Parent Social and Psychological Well‐Being
Authors: Sachs Ashby Lavelle , Corigrato Eva , Sprague Nadav , Turbyfill Angela , Tillema Sarah , Litt Jill
Published: October 2024

Background

Adolescent parents are at an increased risk for loneliness and mental health challenges compared to childless peers. Nature‐based interventions are shown to promote social connectedness.

Aim

To identify elements of a nature‐based intervention to reduce loneliness and foster nature connection among pregnant and parenting adolescents.

Design

Sequential exploratory mixed methods.

Methods

In 2020 and 2021, we piloted the 8‐week MINT program at a school for pregnant and parenting teens. Our qualitative approach (n = 17) included online and in‐person group meetings with nature‐based educational content, discussion, park excursions, mindfulness activities, journaling and nature photography. Subsequently, we recruited 131 young mothers at a children's hospital for a cross‐sectional survey based on qualitative school findings.

Results

Qualitative results from the school‐based intervention showed a preference for meditative and contemplative activities and for spending time in nature with extended family. Participants typically accessed nature close to home. Our clinic‐based teen parent survey illustrated that participants' access to nature were most limited by lack of time (25% of responses), company (18%) and energy (28%). While participants showed a close nature connection (mean NR‐6 score = 3.9 (SD = 0.84)), they also showed moderate levels of loneliness (mean UCLA Loneliness score = 4.78 (SD = 1.60)). Walking, hiking and/or running were the most preferred nature activity.

Conclusion

These findings provide key details to define nature‐based activities to address loneliness and psychological well‐being among teen mothers.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

Nature‐based health interventions can address loneliness and nature disconnection by building community resilience, improving provider and patient well‐being and motivating environmental stewardship.

Impact

We identify key features of a nature‐based intervention for adolescent mothers. These findings support teen mothers in the US and abroad and may serve as a foundation for using nature‐based solutions for vulnerable mothers and for adolescents facing loneliness and mental health challenges.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Early development of smallscale weakfish Cynoscion microlepidotus (Cuvier, 1830) (Sciaenidae: Teleostei)
Authors: Ohkawara Márcio H. , Gonsales Sílvia A. , Dias June F. , Contente Riguel F. , Bonecker Ana C. T. , de Lourdes Zani‐Teixeira Maria , Katsuragawa Mario , Namiki Cláudia
Published: October 2024

Larval and transforming stages of smallscale weakfish Cynoscion microlepidotus (Sciaenidae) are described and illustrated based on samples obtained in three different sites along the Brazilian coast: São Marcos Bay (Maranhão state), Camamu Bay (Bahia state), and the Cananéia‐Iguape Estuarine System (São Paulo state). Identification of early stages of C. microlepidotus was based on meristic counts, such as number of myomeres (22), number of fin spines and rays (dorsal XI, 24, anal II, 9 and pectoral 19), morphological features (presence of supraoccipital crest in larvae from flexion to transformation stages, branched anal fin spines) and pigmentation pattern. Early stages of this species are likely to be confused with Carangidae and Scorpaenidae due to the presence of a supraoccipital crest, and with the Sciaenidae species Stellifer rastrifer, Macrodon atricauda, M. ancylodon, and Isopistus parvipinnis due to branched anal fin elements. However, a distinction can be made when analyzing the set of characters (morphology, morphometry, pigmentation) in relation to the different stages of development.
Migratory life cycle of Anguilla anguilla: a mirror symmetry with A. japonica
Authors: Hsu Hsiang‐Yi , Hsiung Kuan‐Mei , Han Yu‐San
Published: October 2024

The European and Japanese eel populations have declined significantly in recent decades. To effectively manage and conserve them, gaining a better understanding of their migratory life cycles is important. Previous research on the spawning ecology and larval dispersal of European and Japanese eels has led to many significant discoveries and advancements for their migratory life cycles. However, different scholars hold varying views on their migratory life cycles, especially concerning the European eel, therefore this article aims to provide a comprehensive review of research from multiple disciplines concerning the spawning ecology and larval dispersal of European and Japanese eels and to propose migratory life cycles of these two species. The migratory life cycle of the European eel is as follows: European silver eels undertake a year‐long spawning migration from September to January to reach the Sargasso Sea for spawning before the next spawning season, typically between December and May. After hatching, European eel leptocephali are transported by the Gulf Stream, Frontal Countercurrents, North Atlantic Current, and Azores Current and return to Europe and North Africa for growth. Recruitment of European glass eels mainly occurs between October and June of the following year, and the recruiting season is more concentrated in countries closer to the spawning area and more dispersed in countries farther away. The consistent recruitment pattern and the growth rate of leptocephali suggest a larval transport period, also called larval duration, of around 1 year. Understanding the migratory life cycle of European eels can facilitate the evaluation or development of their conservation measures.
Indexical deprivation: The dominant link between cochlear implants and global English among Taiwanese deaf individuals
Authors: Wan Tsung‐Lun Alan
Published: October 2024

This paper develops the concept of “indexical deprivation” from the experiences of English learning in relation to cochlear implant use among Taiwanese deaf adults. Based on the framework of language ideological assemblage, this paper traces how institutional discourses and practices at different levels contribute to the indexicalization between cochlear implants and elevated proficiency in English as a global language. By examining the top‐down discourses and bottom‐up narratives of two Taiwanese deaf women, the study demonstrates how enhanced English proficiency has been linked to cochlear implants and how individuals are deprived of the capacity to recognize alternative links. This paper highlights how global English has promoted the status of cochlear implants in a sociolinguistic context where English is spoken as a foreign language and increasingly gains prominence at multiple societal levels.
Public Support for the Accommodation of Religious Diversity: The Interplay Between Religious Identification, Threat Perception, and Cross‐Group Friendships
Authors: Fierro Jaime , Parella Sònia , Sharifi Massoud
Published: October 2024

Accommodating new religious communities has become a central issue in Western Europe. However, the role of religious identification in shaping intergroup relations still needs to be better understood. This study addresses this gap by analyzing the factors influencing public support for the accommodation of religious diversity, drawing on two statistically representative surveys conducted in Catalonia, Spain. The results revealed that religious identification moderates the relationship between the perception that religions other than Catholicism threaten society's way of life and the level of support for accommodating religious diversity. Contrary to initial assumptions, practicing Catholics were more supportive of religious accommodation than nonpracticing Catholics and nonbelievers, regardless of the level of threat they perceived. Moreover, cross‐group friendships mitigated the negative impact of perceived threat on support for religious accommodation, particularly among nonbelievers. Overall, the findings underscore the importance of cross‐group friendships in fostering more inclusive societies and provide valuable insights for religious governance.
Dietary diversity and nutrient adequacy among women in Bosomtwe District, Ghana
Authors: Apprey Charles , Addae Hammond Yaw , Boateng Grace , Aduku Linda Esi , Annan Reginald Adjetey
Published: October 2024

The sustainable development goals seek to end all forms of malnutrition of women of reproductive age (WRA) by 2030. As such, recent data on nutrient adequacy are needed to aid in tracking progress. However, data on specific dietary nutrient intakes includes only iron, folate, vitamin A, and vitamin B12 in Ghana. Therefore, women's dietary diversity score (W‐DDS) is often used as a proxy measure of nutrient adequacy. It is hypothesised that there is no association between W‐DDS and Nutrient Adequacy among WRA in peri‐urban Ghana. Hence, this research evaluated the associations between W‐DDS and nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and assessed the determinants of mean nutrient adequacy ratio (MAR) in the Bosomtwe District of Ghana. A community‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted, and data collected on anthropometry, food insecurity, socio‐demographic characteristics and dietary intake using the 24‐hour recall from 407 WRA. In all, 21 nutrients were assessed. The mean age, W‐DDS, and MAR were 29.0 ± 6.7 years, 5.3 ± 1.9, and 0.65 ± 0.19 respectively. The NAR were generally high for the macronutrients as compared to micronutrients and the nutrients with low NAR included vitamin C (0.27 ± 0.19), vitamin A (0.15 ± 0.23), vitamin B12 (0.54 ± 0.32), calcium (0.28 ± 0.20), zinc (0.52 ± 0.23) and iron (0.57 ± 0.28) ‐ signifying the WRA may be consuming monotonous carbohydrate‐based diet. The hierarchical multivariable linear regression found a significant association between W‐DDS and MAR after controlling for confounders (β = 0.404, p < 0.001). The determinants of MAR were ethnicity (β = 0.110, p = 0.006) and body mass index (β = 0.189, p < 0.001). This study supports the use of W‐DDS as a proxy indicator of nutrient adequacy. Strategies meant to address nutrient inadequacies should be adaptable to different ethnic groups and overweight‐reducing strategies should be incorporated into broader nutrition initiatives.
Transformational learning and professional identity formation in postgraduate competency‐based medical education
Authors: Chow Justin , Al‐Duaij Lulwa , Last Nicole , Sheth Urmi , Rehman Maham , Azim Arden , Khalid Faran , Blissett Sarah , Sibbald Matthew
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Residency programmes are in transition to a framework for competency‐based medical education (CBME). The intersection of CBME with transformational learning (TL) experiences and professional identity formation (PIF) — particularly within senior learners in transitional states — is unknown but important to understand in order to develop and implement strategies to support trainees' professional development.

Methods

Through inductive qualitative methods, we conducted semi‐structured interviews (n = 22) of current trainees and recent graduates from adult cardiology residency training programmes within Canada to explore the impact of TL experiences on residents' professional growth and identity formation. Interviews were analysed using thematic analysis informed by TL theory.

Results

CBME did not appear to influence trainees' experiences of disorienting dilemmas and TL. Important clinical encounters and interpersonal relationships — in particular, those between mentor and mentee — shaped trainees' professional development as cardiologists (‘enabling factors’ for TL and PIF). ‘Imposter phenomenon’ was widely prevalent in our sample study population even among graduates who had already completed their training. Requisite elements for transformation (disorienting dilemmas, critical reflection, discourse and action) also contributed to PIF.

Discussion

TL experiences influenced PIF in senior learners but infrequently intersected with CBME; these experiences were more commonly prompted by disorienting dilemmas relating to clinical outcomes or interpersonal interactions independent of CBME‐specific architecture.
Neglected Pulmonary Infection Caused by Exophiala dermatitidis Misidentified as Rhodotorula spp.
Authors: Setoguchi Daichi , Iwanaga Naoki , Ito Yuya , Hirayama Tatsuro , Yoshida Masataka , Takeda Kazuaki , Ide Shotaro , Takemoto Shinnosuke , Tashiro Masato , Hosogaya Naoki , Takazono Takahiro , Kosai Kosuke , Ishimoto Hiroshi , Sakamoto Noriho , Obase Yasushi , Nishino Tomoya , Izumikawa Koichi , Yanagihara Katsunori , Mukae Hiroshi
Published: October 2024

Exophiala dermatitidis is an emerging black fungus that causes pulmonary infections that may be underestimated by conventional culture methods. We encountered one case that initially appeared to be yeast and was misidentified as Rhodotorula spp. using a commercial identification kit. Thus, genetic identification and clinical background investigations were conducted on 46 strains of Rhodotorula spp. The sequences of the internal transcribed spacer and large‐subunit RNA genes (D1/D2 regions) of 43 isolates, excluding two environmental isolates and one difficult‐to‐culture isolate, were determined and genetically identified. Notably, 22 isolates were identified as E. dermatitidis and misidentified as Rhodotorula spp. using the conventional method. Based on the exclusion criteria, the clinical information of 11 patients was retrospectively reviewed. Five cases (definite) had definite exacerbation of pulmonary infections due to E. dermatitidis, and six cases (possible) had undeniable infections. Of the 11 cases of pulmonary infection suggested to be caused by E. dermatitidis, comorbidities included two cases of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA), three cases of pulmonary non‐tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection and one case of pulmonary nocardiosis, suggesting a trend towards simultaneous detection of chronic pulmonary infections. Steroid and immunosuppressive drug use was observed in five cases, and β‐D‐glucan elevation was observed in three of five definite cases of pulmonary infections due to E. dermatitidis. The possibility of E. dermatitidis infection should be considered when Rhodotorula spp. are isolated from cultures of airway‐derived specimens, and, in addition to CPA and NTM, identification of E. dermatitidis may be important in chronic pulmonary infections.
Challenges in removing an aged spinal cord stimulator: A case study of complete fracture in a 9‐year‐old S‐series paddle lead
Authors: Kim Dong‐Chun , Kang Eunsu , Lee Hyun‐Seong , Park Yei Heum , Lee Byeongcheol , Kwon Ji Yeon , Moon Junseong , Lee Sang Eun
Published: October 2024

Introduction

This case report presents an instance of an S‐Series™ slim paddle lead fracturing during extraction, highlighting potential risks associated with the removal of this lead.

Case Report

A 47‐year‐old male with complex regional pain syndrome type 2, unresponsive to pharmacotherapy, had undergone the implantation of two spinal cord stimulator (SCS) leads, an Octrode™ cylindrical and an S‐series™ slim paddle, using the Epiducer™ system (St Jude Medical) 9 years earlier, with a subsequent intrathecal baclofen pump installed 1 year after SCS. Initially, these interventions stabilized the patient's pain symptoms. However, the diminishing effectiveness of SCS, coupled with a decrease in battery life and increased opioid consumption, necessitated recent surgical procedures. These included the removal and replacement of the implantable pulse generator (IPG) and leads to improve pain management and ensure MRI compatibility. During the removal of the S‐series™ slim paddle type lead, complications arose, leading to the retention of an electrode fragment, which necessitated abandoning the replacement of both the IPG and lead. Post‐surgical assessments revealed no new neurological impairments, and imaging studies confirmed the stable position of the retained fragment. The patient was discharged with a continued comprehensive pain management plan.

Conclusion

This case highlights the challenges and risks of percutaneous removal of slim paddle type leads, emphasizing the need for careful procedural planning and consideration of surgical options to avoid complications. Further research is needed to evaluate the long‐term durability and removal risks of various SCS lead types.