bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Remaining useful life prediction framework of equipment based on improved golden jackal algorithm assisted-LSTM
Authors: Ma Ronghua , Yuan Yongliang
Published: January 2024

It provides a challenge for remaining useful life prediction due to the complexity of the engine degradation process. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved method for engine remaining useful life prediction with long and short memory neural networks (LSTM) and extraction of health indicators for measured parameters. In order to overcome the limitation of measured parameters, a second-order polynomial approach is implemented to construct novel virtual parameters based on the existing parameters and improve the representativeness of the data to the engine degradation process. Then, random forests are used to score the importance of these parameters on the basis of which the higher rated parameters are filtered to reduce the computational burden. For the hyperparameter optimization problem of LSTM, an improved golden jackal optimization method is proposed in this paper, in which chaotic mapping is used to initialize the population to increase the uniformity of the initial population distribution in space. An adaptive method is introduced to improve the exploration and exploration capabilities of the golden jackal algorithm. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by NASA’s public dataset. The experimental results show that the R2 of the proposed method is greater than 0.99, the error of mean absolute percentage error is within 3%, and the root mean square error is smaller than 4. The proposed method can provide better predicted performance compared with the traditional methods.
Research on the design of a novel composite solenoid model ship simulation magnetic source based on DTW
Authors: Lu Binjie , Zhang Xiaobing
Published: January 2024

In order to study the simulation ability of a solenoid on a ship magnetic field, a new composite model based on a double row magnetic dipole array model with an ellipsoid was designed. The time-domain characteristics, such as magnetic field characteristics, magnetic inclination cosine, magnetic field scalar gradient, and magnetic field spatial distribution characteristics, were extracted. It was verified that the model can accurately simulate the magnetic field characteristics of ships through ship model experiments and simulation analysis. To further quantitatively and accurately analyze the simulation ability of the composite model for ship magnetic fields, a dynamic time wrapping measurement method based on one-dimensional time series was adopted to calculate the similarity of four characteristic quantities: magnetic field vector, magnetic field modulus, magnetic inclination cosine, and magnetic field scalar gradient. The results showed that the composite model has high simulation ability for ship magnetic fields.
Controlling laser-dressed resonance line shape using attosecond extreme-ultraviolet pulse with a spectral minimum
Authors: Fu Yong , Wang Bincheng , Wang Kan , Tang Xiangyu , Li Baochang , Yin Zhiming , Han Jiaxin , Lin C. D. , Jin Cheng
Published: January 2024

High-harmonic generation from a gas target exhibits sharp spectral features and rapid phase variation near the Cooper minimum. By applying spectral filtering, shaped isolated attosecond pulses can be generated where the pulse is split into two in the time domain. Using such shaped extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) pulses, we theoretically study attosecond transient absorption (ATA) spectra of helium

2
s
2
p

autoionizing state which is resonantly coupled to the

2

s
2

dark state by a time-delayed infrared laser. Our simulations show that the asymmetric

2
s
2
p

Fano line shape can be readily tuned into symmetric Lorentzian within the time delay of a few tens of attoseconds. Such efficient control is due to the destructive interference in the generation of the

2
s
2
p

state when it is excited by a strongly shaped XUV pulse. This is to be compared to prior experiments where tuning the line shape of a Fano resonance would take tens of femtoseconds. We also show that the predicted ATA spectral line shape can be observed experimentally after propagation in a gas medium. Our results suggest that strongly shaped attosecond XUV pulses offer the opportunity for controlling and probing fine features of narrow resonances on the few-ten attoseconds timescale.
All SNAP25 molecules in the vesicle–plasma membrane contact zone change conformation during vesicle priming
Authors: Zhao Ying , Fang Qinghua , Sharma Satyan , Jakhanwal Shrutee , Jahn Reinhard , Lindau Manfred
Published: January 2024

In neuronal cell types, vesicular exocytosis is governed by the SNARE (soluble NSF attachment receptor) complex consisting of synaptobrevin2, SNAP25, and syntaxin1. These proteins are required for vesicle priming and fusion. We generated an improved SNAP25-based SNARE COmplex Reporter (SCORE2) incorporating mCeruelan3 and Venus and overexpressed it in SNAP25 knockout embryonic mouse chromaffin cells. This construct rescues vesicle fusion with properties indistinguishable from fusion in wild-type cells. Combining electrochemical imaging of individual release events using electrochemical detector arrays with total internal reflection fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TIR-FRET) imaging reveals a rapid FRET increase preceding individual fusion events by 65 ms. The experiments are performed under conditions of a steady-state cycle of docking, priming, and fusion, and the delay suggests that the FRET change reflects tight docking and priming of the vesicle, followed by fusion after ~65 ms. Given the absence of wt SNAP25, SCORE2 allows determination of the number of molecules at fusion sites and the number that changes conformation. The number of SNAP25 molecules changing conformation in the priming step increases with vesicle size and SNAP25 density in the plasma membrane and equals the number of copies present in the vesicle–plasma membrane contact zone. We estimate that in wt cells, 6 to 7 copies of SNAP25 change conformation during the priming step.
Substitution of Met-38 to Ile in γ-synuclein found in two patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis induces aggregation into amyloid
Authors: Aubrey Liam D. , Ninkina Natalia , Ulamec Sabine M. , Abramycheva Natalia Y. , Vasili Eftychia , Devine Oliver M. , Wilkinson Martin , Mackinnon Eilish , Limorenko Galina , Walko Martin , Muwanga Sarah , Amadio Leonardo , Peters Owen M. , Illarioshkin Sergey N. , Outeiro Tiago F. , Ranson Neil A. , Brockwell David J. , Buchman Vladimir L. , Radford Sheena E.
Published: January 2024

α-, β-, and γ-Synuclein are intrinsically disordered proteins implicated in physiological processes in the nervous system of vertebrates. α-synuclein (αSyn) is the amyloidogenic protein associated with Parkinson’s disease and certain other neurodegenerative disorders. Intensive research has focused on the mechanisms that cause αSyn to form amyloid structures, identifying its NAC region as being necessary and sufficient for amyloid assembly. Recent work has shown that a 7-residue sequence (P1) is necessary for αSyn amyloid formation. Although γ-synuclein (γSyn) is 55% identical in sequence to αSyn and its pathological deposits are also observed in association with neurodegenerative conditions, γSyn is resilient to amyloid formation in vitro. Here, we report a rare single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the
SNCG
gene encoding γSyn, found in two patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The SNP results in the substitution of Met38 with Ile in the P1 region of the protein. These individuals also had a second, common and nonpathological, SNP in
SNCG
resulting in the substitution of Glu110 with Val. In vitro studies demonstrate that the Ile38 variant accelerates amyloid fibril assembly. Contrastingly, Val110 retards fibril assembly and mitigates the effect of Ile38. Substitution of residue 38 with Leu had little effect, while Val retards, and Ala increases the rate of amyloid formation. Ile38 γSyn also results in the formation of γSyn-containing inclusions in cells. The results show how a single point substitution can enhance amyloid formation of γSyn and highlight the P1 region in driving amyloid formation in another synuclein family member.
Spanish influenza 1918/19
Authors: Stopfner Maria
Published: January 2024

The study focuses on the Spanish influenza pandemic of 1918/19, tracing the crisis coverage of two
daily newspapers from two different countries, Austria and the United States, to reveal the general dynamics and
manipulative potential of mediatized public discourse in times of crisis. The pragma-rhetoric analysis examines,
first, which social actors gain access to the media to voice their opinion and, second, how they attempt to manipulate
public perception to avoid blame, for example, by instrumentalizing certain groups as scapegoats. The results of the
cross-national comparison of the two historic newspapers reveal patterns in crisis reporting on the Spanish flu that
are intriguingly reminiscent of contemporary media coverage of the recent Corona Pandemic.
Manipulating citizens’ beliefs and emotions
Authors: Ilie Cornelia
Published: January 2024

In times of crisis, such as the Covid-19 pandemic, social divisions caused by dissensus about
controversial government policies escalate due to widespread uncertainty and anxiety, fuelled by the proliferation of
covert and overt manipulative strategies in official discourses. Like citizens in other countries, Swedes received
during the Covid-19 crisis scarce or inconsistent information, and potentially misleading messages, while seeking to
preserve a trust-based and tradition-rooted national consensus. Using a pragma-rhetorical and argumentation framework
of analysis, this study scrutinizes the controversies emerging from the polarization of online comments made by
reactive and counter-reactive citizens who either supported or challenged the controversial policies promoted by the
Swedish Public Health Agency. The fallacies underlying the commenters’ arguments and counter-arguments show how
initially reasonable discussions turned into deeply polarized disputes, as a manifestation of social dissent.
How can governments be prevented from manipulating statistics about Covid-19?
Authors: Marinho Cristina , Billig Michael
Published: January 2024

This chapter is part of a project examining how politicians manipulate statistics and how they can
be institutionally countered. We rhetorically analyse how the Chair of the United Kingdom Statistics Authority
countered the Minister of Health who was manipulating the statistics for Covid-19 testing. The Chair wrote two public
letters to the Minister. The first was diplomatically phrased. When this letter failed to achieve its purpose, the
Chair wrote a more directly critical letter, which was effective. We analyse the letters and how they were reported in
the UK national press. The diplomatic letter was virtually ignored, but the second letter was widely reported, with
newspapers framing the story as a respected independent ‘watchdog’ censuring a minister for misusing statistics.
Lessons learned?
Authors: Breeze Ruth
Published: January 2024

The 2008 financial crisis severely undermined public trust in banking systems, prompting calls for
widespread reform. However, irregularities continued, leading to a further succession of scandals over the following
years. We should therefore ask how banks justified the catastrophe and their failure to reform. This chapter examines
two large UK-based banks: Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS), and HSBC. All the “letters to shareholders” published in their
Annual Reports over 15 years are examined for commonplace arguments or “topoi” offered as justifications for their
failure to comply with ethical standards. Five typical recurring arguments are analysed, with a particular focus on
their use in subtle manipulations of public opinion to draw attention away from the scale and impact of corporate
wrongdoing.
Linguistic change in the 20th century
Authors: Salameh Jiménez Shima
Published: January 2024

This paper analyses the colloquialization of football-match broadcastings in Peninsular Spanish throughout the 20th
century, in line with other recent works dealing with the colloquialization of mass-media. To do so, it accounts for (a)
linguistic features, (b) register variation, and (c) external factors related to colloquialization. The analysis is based on a
self-compiled database of audio-visual recordings aired between 1968 and the 2000s in Tv and radio. According to results,
colloquialization in Peninsular Spanish football broadcasts was developed during three main periods: 1960s–1980s, 1980s–1990s,
and 1990s up to now. Specifically, colloquialization can be measured by speech speed, vocabulary and the use of address terms,
among other features. These features, in turn, are associated with register variation properties, such as changes in the
proximity shared by speakers or the presence of day-to-day topics in broadcastings. Last, some external factors, such as the
influence of historical events or the role of announcers also seem to affect the results analysed.
French j’imagine, Spanish me imagino
Authors: Schneider Stefan
Published: January 2024

French imaginer and Spanish imaginar start to appear during the second half of the
13th century. Initially, these verbs remain closely linked to the corresponding nouns image and
imagen, their prevailing meaning being ‘form a picture’. After the 14th century, a second meaning,
‘suppose’, gradually begins to develop. The spread of the ‘suppose’ meaning favors, among other things, the appearance of
detached constructs, that is, deverbal discourse markers (Schneider
2020a, 2022), in the first person present indicative singular. From the
17th century to the 19th century, in these detached constructs, French imaginer is regularly preceded by a
subject pronoun and a reflexive pronoun, whereas Spanish imaginar occurs without pronouns. In the 20th
century and beginning 21st century, the French deverbal discourse marker without reflexive almost completely supplants the one
with reflexive. In contrast, the recent development of imaginar in Spanish goes in the opposite direction,
with me imagino replacing imagino as deverbal discourse marker. Hence, for centuries, French
and Spanish maintained a specific contrast regarding the discourse marker construction with imaginer and
imaginar: presence of the reflexive pronoun in French, absence of the reflexive pronoun in Spanish. In
the course of the 20th century, this contrast seems to have reversed. The present study seeks to provide additional data both
from written and spoken corpora and also addresses the question of whether the absence or, respectively, presence of the
reflexive pronoun in the discourse marker construction represents a merely superficial and formal phenomenon or is due to a
deeper structural and semantic difference.
Applying multimodal analysis
Authors: Weninger Csilla , Lim Fei Victor , Chen Yixiong
Published: January 2024

This chapter builds on Chapter 4 and introduces two main
applications within applied linguistics stemming from a
systemic-functional semiotic theory of multimodality: embodied
teaching and language textbook analysis. The chapter first gives
a brief overview of the broader field of research that each of
these applications is located in. Then each focal area is
elaborated and illustrated via a case study conducted by the
authors. Each case study provides a rationale for why multimodal
analysis is appropriate given the research focus and questions,
demonstrates how multimodal analysis was implemented and
conducted, and reflects on the challenges of its implementation
in applied linguistic research contexts.
Grounded Theory
Authors: Hadley Gregory , Hadley Hiromi
Published: January 2024

This chapter explores the underutilized
Grounded Theory Methodology (GTM) in applied linguistics,
detailing its procedures, objectives, benefits, and limitations
from a post-positivist perspective. It suggests ways for
educators and scholars to apply GTM to generate insightful
social interaction theories within classrooms and discusses the
role of technology in data collection. The text addresses
critiques and ethical questions associated with GTM. When implemented rigorously, GTM can enhance not
only teaching practices within applied linguistics but also
offer fresh insights to scholarly communities beyond this
field.
Applications of Grounded Theory in the field of Extensive
Reading
Authors: Hadley Gregory , Hadley Hiromi
Published: January 2024

This chapter discusses the application of
Extensive Reading (ER), an English language teaching method
encouraging learners to consume large amounts of
proficiency-level content, and its spread to second language
classrooms globally since the 1990s. Studies show that ER
significantly enhances learners’ vocabulary, reading speeds, and
language comprehension. Despite challenges of passive resistance
and apathy from learners, teachers from Japan, Italy, and
Southeast Asia are seeking ways to integrate ER into their
Academic English curricula. The chapter introduces a grounded
theory about learners’ social processes in the ER classroom,
explaining why the Grounded Theory Methodology (GTM) was
selected for this study, its implementation, the faced
challenges, addressed solutions, and unique insights gleaned
through GTM.
Narrative inquiry
Authors: Perrino Sabina M.
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines the key role that
narratives have in human communication and engagement across
cultures and as fertile analytical and methodological tools.
Storytelling practices allow researchers to study speech
participants’ visible and veiled interactional dynamics. Besides
analyzing narratives for their content (“denotational text”),
scholars have studied narratives also for their pragmatic
effects in the here-and-now of speech participants’
interactions, or their “interactional text,” and across various
spatiotemporal configurations. During their tellings, narrators
can assume and reverse roles, for example. Moreover, narratives
simultaneously shape and are shaped by their surrounding
context. In this light, storytelling practices are actual speech
events that are (co)created, and developed, and thus need to be
studied as such because of their interactional nature.
Repertory grids
Authors: Grogan Myles
Published: January 2024

Recent literature suggests that
classroom-based assessment should perhaps work from a different
set of assumptions than large-scale testing. This idea is
explored through RGT by asking how seven teachers, each with a
unique approach to teaching and assessment, create their grades
in a multi-faculty undergraduate EFL course in Japan. In an
interview, the researcher asked each teacher to compare a sample
of their own students achieving different grades, demonstrating
the teachers’ constructs for teaching and assessment. These were
then analyzed, and subject to a form of content analysis used in
RGT. The process revealed that, although the assessment approach
used by each teacher differed, the grade reflected similar
underlying teaching values that seemed to be legitimate
expressions of the framework provided by the institution.
Challenges and contributions of less frequently used
methodologies
Authors: Riazi A. Mehdi
Published: January 2024

This concluding chapter is organized into four
sections. The first section, the introduction, discusses the
purpose of compiling the volume. In the second section, I
highlight some of the challenges faced by the researchers when
they used each methodology and the insights they gained.
Thirdly, I will provide a synthesis of the main ethical issues
discussed in the chapters and will attempt to relate them to the
current discussions of ethics in AL research. Finally, I will
elaborate on how these methodologies can inform research on
current and new language-related problems in the world we live
in. I hope these discussions will be the readers’ take-home
message if they consider employing these methodological
orientations in the future.
Time and Care: A Qualitative Exploration of Prisoners’ Perceptions of Trauma-Informed Care in Women’s Prisons
Authors: Kelman Jude , Palmer Laura , Gribble Rachael , MacManus Deirdre
Published: January 2024

Women’s prisons in England have been working toward providing trauma-informed and responsive care for individuals in custody due to high rates of psychological trauma within the population. This study aimed to explore how women experience trauma-informed and responsive care in prison. Interviews with 51 participants from three prisons were undertaken. Three main themes were identified using thematic analysis: time—a precious commodity; feeling cared for; and trauma-informed staff training. Participants identified barriers to staff providing trauma-informed care: scarcity of time, and staff behavior undermining the principles of trauma-informed care. Enablers included the availability of time with staff and staff showing empathy and understanding. Most participants expressed the view that staff trauma training lacked impact. These findings suggest that the goal of providing trauma-informed and responsive care may be far from being realized and that resources, prison practices and cultures should be the focus of change before staff training can be effective.
Daily and annual modulation rate of low mass dark matter in silicon detectors
Authors: Dinmohammadi Abolfazl , Heikinheimo Matti , Mirabolfathi Nader , Nordlund Kai , Safari Hossein , Sassi Sebastian , Tuominen Kimmo
Published: January 2024

Low-threshold solid-state detectors with single electron excitation sensitivity can probe nuclear recoil energies in the sub-100 eV range, coinciding with the typical threshold displacement energies in the detector material. We investigate the daily and annual modulation of the observable event rate for dark matter mass ranging from 0.2 to 5 GeV/c2 in a silicon detector, considering the energy threshold and the direction of the nuclear recoil. The data for the energy threshold is obtained from a molecular dynamics simulation. It is shown that the directional dependence of the threshold energy and the motion of the laboratory result in the modulation of the interaction event rate. We demonstrate silicon’s average annual interaction rate is more considerable than germanium for low-mass dark matter. However, their event rates take a similar trend in large dark matter masses. Thus, silicon can be a reliable target to discriminate low-mass dark matter from backgrounds. We also find 8 h and 12h periodicities in the time series of event rates for silicon detectors due to the 45-degree symmetry in the silicon crystal structure.
Pairing effects on pure rotational energy of nuclei
Authors: Abe K , Nakada H
Published: January 2024

By applying the angular-momentum projection to the self-consistent axial mean-field solutions with the semi-realistic effective Hamiltonian M3Y-P6, the pairing effects on the pure rotational energy of nuclei, i.e. the rotational energy at a fixed intrinsic state, have been investigated. While it was shown at the Hartree–Fock (HF) level that the individual terms of the Hamiltonian contribute to the rotational energy with ratios insensitive to nuclides except for light or weakly-deformed nuclei, the pair correlations significantly change the contributions, even for the well-deformed heavy nuclei. The contribution of the interaction to the rotational energy is found to correlate well with the degree of proximity between nucleons, which is measured via the expectation value that two nucleons exist at the same position. While the nucleons slightly spread as the angular momentum increases at the HF level, accounting for the positive (negative) contribution of the attractive (repulsive) components of the interaction, the pair correlations reduce or invert the effect.
A Bayesian CNN-based fusion framework of sensor fault diagnosis
Authors: He Beiyan , Zhu Chunli , Li Zhongxiang , Hu Chun , Zheng Dezhi
Published: January 2024

Sensors equipped on the high-speed train provide large amounts of data which contributes to its state monitoring. However, it is challenging to distinguish whether the fault originates from the mechanical component or the sensors themselves. The main difficulties lie in the biased amount of normal and fault data as well as the deficiency of multi-source data’s inherent correlation. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian convolutional neural networks (CNN)-based fusion framework to enhance the ability to identify sensor errors. The framework utilizes wavelet time–frequency maps to extract abnormal features, employs a Bayesian CNN to obtain spatial features from a single sensor, integrates multi-source features via bidirectional long short-term memory network and enhances the acquired spatial and temporal features using an attention mechanism. The enhanced information finally generated leads to precise identification of the sensor faults. The proposed feature-level fusion framework and the associated attention mechanism facilitate discovering the inherent correlation and filtering of irrelevant information. Results indicate that our proposed method achieves 95.4% in terms of accuracy, which outperforms methods relying on feature extraction with single-source sensors by 7.8%.
High-fidelity quantum gates via optimizing short pulse sequences in three-level systems
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Liu Yang , Song Jie , Xia Yan , Shi Zhi-Cheng
Published: January 2024

We propose a robust and high-fidelity scheme for realizing universal quantum gates by optimizing short pulse sequences in a three-level system. To alleviate the sensitivity to the errors, we recombine all elements of error matrices to construct a cost function with three types of weight factors. The modulation parameters are obtained by searching for the minimum value of this cost function. The purposes of introducing the weight factors are to reduce the detrimental impact of high-order error matrices, suppress population leakage to the third state, correct the operational error in the qubit space, and optimize the total pulse area of short pulse sequences. The results demonstrate that the optimized sequences exhibit strong robustness against errors and effectively reduce the total pulse area. Therefore, this work presents a valuable method for achieving exceptional robustness and high speed in quantum computations.
Sagnac interferometry and the impact of conductivity-dependent Raman gain on rotary photon drag
Authors: Ullah Sana , Ullah Arif , Javed Muhammad , Ahmad Rashid
Published: January 2024

We theoretically demonstrate the impact of conductivity-dependent Raman gain (RG) on rotary photon drag (RPD) in a Sagnac interferometer (SI). The presence of conductivity-dependent Raman gain results in enhanced RPD angles, ranging from θ

d
= ± 0.56 radians to θ

d
= ± 0.7 radians. The susceptibility, group index, relativistic group velocities, and RPD exhibit significant fluctuations with changes in the conductivity phase. Specifically, we observe gain-singlets when the control field is deactivated, while gain doublets are achieved when the control field is activated. Moreover, within the gain regions, we observe normal dispersion, whereas anomalous dispersion is observed around the gain regions. These findings have potential applications in controlled image coding/design, four-wave mixing, photo detectors, light modulation, and phase-matching in Brillouin scattering.
Current drive by using lower hybrid fast wave in VEST
Authors: Kim S.H. , Jo J.G. , Wang J.I. , Lim S.B. , Kim S.C. , Hwang Y.S.
Published: January 2024

An efficient central or off-axis current drive is necessary for the steady-state operation of tokamak fusion reactors. The fast wave branch in the frequency range above two times the lower hybrid resonance frequency at high density, the so-called lower hybrid fast wave (LHFW), could be such an efficient current drive scheme in high density and high temperature of reactor-grade tokamak plasmas. This is because it has a higher parallel wave electric field for efficient Landau damping, compared to the fast wave branches in other frequency ranges, and it can more deeply penetrate high density plasmas than the slow wave in the same frequency range. An experimental study has been carried out to confirm the feasibility, in collaboration with Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Seoul National University, KwangWoon University, and Korea Accelerator and Plasma Research Association, in VEST. The results show that plasma current can be driven by the fast electrons generated by the LHFW. The details are reported including the theoretical background and RF system as well as the experiment results.
Solar radiation variation weakened the boost of gross primary production by vegetation restoration in China’s most forestry engineering areas during 2001–2020
Authors: Zhou Yanlian , Wei Xiaonan , Wang Yuyan , He Wei , Dong Zhoutong , Zhang Xiaoyu , Liu Yibo , Nguyen Ngoc Tu , Ju Weimin
Published: January 2024

Over the past decades, ecological restoration initiatives in China have made great progress in restoring degraded forests and increasing vegetation coverage, yet the carbon sequestration effects of these initiatives in the context of climate change are not clear. In this study, we assessed the effects of vegetation restoration on gross primary production (GPP) in China’s forestry engineering areas, where large-scale vegetation restoration programmes were launched, during 2001–2020 by disentangling the respective roles of land cover change (LCC), CO2 fertilization, and climate changes using a two-leaf light use efficiency model. We found that LCC attributed by the vegetation restoration dominantly accelerated the increase of GPP in seven out of the eight areas, and CO2 fertilization played a near-equivalent role in all areas. By contrast, the changes in different climate factors contributed to GPP variations diversely. The solar radiation variation greatly inhibited the vegetation GPP over time in seven out of these areas, and the changes in air temperature and vapor pressure deficit regulated GPP inter-annual variations without clear trends in all areas. This study advances our understanding of the contribution of China’s afforestation on its forest GPP in a changing climate, which may help to better manage forests to tackle the challenge of the climate crisis in the future.
Photogating enhanced photodetectors dominated by rubrene nanodots modified SnS2 films
Authors: Si Guoxiang , Liu Fangjun , Su Lizhao , Wu Zhaoxuan , Zhang Qi , Sun Shuoqi , Zhang Hongbin
Published: January 2024

The hybrid-induced photogating effect is considered as an effective way for photoconductance modulating in low-dimensional photodetectors. Besides, through constructing the local photogate vertical heterostructures on two-dimensional SnS2 surface can significantly increase its photoconductive gain. However, the potential of this photogain mechanism for SnS2 films has not yet been revealed in practical photodetection devices. To investigate its special advantages on promoting the optical-sensing activity, the high-quality SnS2 films with discrete, micro-area, and uniform rubrene-nanodots modification have been prepared. Benefit from the local interfacial photogating effect induced by hole trap states by rubrene-nanodots, the light-absorption and carrier-excitation efficiencies were significantly enhanced. Afterwards, the high-performance photodetector was designed based on the photogate vertical heterostructures of rubrene-nanodots/SnS2, which demonstrated an enhanced photoelectric response to 1064 nm light. Note that the maximum photocurrent density, photoresponsivity, and photodetectivity can reach up to 0.389 mA cm−2, 388.71 mA W−1, and 1.13 × 1010 Jones, respectively. Importantly, the optimal band-structure offsets accelerated the localized hole transfer from SnS2 film to rubrene-nanodots. The trapped holes in rubrene-nanodots induced an enhanced interface gating effect, which may help to modulate the number and lifetime of excess electrons under light illuminations. These superior features make the newly-developed photodetector be suitable for future multifunctional photodetection applications.
Empirical Measures, Geodesic Lengths, and a Variational Formula in First-Passage Percolation
Authors: Bates Erik
Published: January 2024

This monograph resolves—in a dense class of cases—several open problems concerning geodesics in i.i.d. first-passage percolation on

Z

d

\mathbb {Z}^d

. Our primary interest is in the empirical measures of edge-weights observed along geodesics from

0
0

to

n

ξ

n{\boldsymbol \xi }

, where

ξ

{\boldsymbol \xi }

is a fixed unit vector. For various dense families of edge-weight distributions, we prove that these empirical measures converge weakly to a deterministic limit as

n
→
∞

n\to \infty

, answering a question of Hoffman. These families include arbitrarily small

L
∞

L^\infty

-perturbations of any given distribution, almost every finitely supported distribution, uncountable collections of continuous distributions, and certain discrete distributions whose atoms can have any prescribed sequence of probabilities. Moreover, the constructions are explicit enough to guarantee examples possessing certain features, for instance: both continuous and discrete distributions whose support is all of

[
0
,
∞
)

[0,\infty )

, and distributions given by a density function that is

k
k

-times differentiable. All results also hold for

ξ

{\boldsymbol \xi }

-directed infinite geodesics. In comparison, we show that if

Z

d

\mathbb {Z}^d

is replaced by the infinite

d
d

-ary tree, then any distribution for the weights admits a unique limiting empirical measure along geodesics. In both the lattice and tree cases, our methodology is driven by a new variational formula for the time constant, which requires no assumptions on the edge-weight distribution. Incidentally, this variational approach also allows us to obtain new convergence results for geodesic lengths, which have been unimproved in the subcritical regime since the seminal 1965 manuscript of Hammersley and Welsh.
Classification of 𝒪_{∞}-Stable 𝒞*-Algebras
Authors: Gabe James
Published: January 2024

I present a proof of Kirchberg’s classification theorem: two separable, nuclear,

O

∞

\mathcal O_\infty

-stable

C
∗

C^\ast

-algebras are stably isomorphic if and only if they are ideal-related

K
K

KK

-equivalent. In particular, this provides a more elementary proof of the Kirchberg–Phillips theorem which is isolated in the paper to increase readability of this important special case.
On the constant of Lipschitz approximability
Authors: Medina Rubén
Published: January 2024

In this note we find

λ
>
1

\lambda >1

and give an explicit construction of a separable Banach space

X
X

such that there is no

λ
\lambda

-Lipschitz retraction from

X
X

onto any compact convex subset of

X
X

whose closed linear span is

X
X

. This is closely related to a well-known open problem raised by Godefroy and Ozawa in 2014 and represents the first known example of a Banach space with such a property.
TLR-mediated aggresome-like induced structures comprise antimicrobial peptides and attenuate intracellular bacterial survival
Authors: Bhatnagar Anushree , Chopra Umesh , Raja Sebastian , Das Krishanu Dey , Mahalingam S. , Chakravortty Dipshikha , Srinivasula Srinivasa Murty
Published: January 2024

Immune cells employ diverse mechanisms for host defense. Macrophages, in response to TLR activation, assemble aggresome-like induced structures (ALIS). Our group has shown TLR4-signaling transcriptionally upregulates p62/sequestome1, which assembles ALIS. We have demonstrated that TLR4-mediated autophagy is, in fact, selective-autophagy of ALIS. We hypothesize that TLR-mediated autophagy and ALIS contribute to host-defense. Here we show that ALIS are assembled in macrophages upon exposure to different bacteria. These structures are associated with pathogen-containing phagosomes. Importantly, we present evidence of increased bacterial burden, where ALIS assembly is prevented with p62-specific siRNA. We have employed 3D-super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (3D-SR-SIM) and mass-spectrometric (MS) analyses to gain insight into the assembly of ALIS. Ultra-structural analyses of known constituents of ALIS (p62, ubiquitin, LC3) reveal that ALIS are organized structures with distinct patterns of alignment. Furthermore, MS-analyses of ALIS identified, among others, several proteins of known antimicrobial properties. We have validated MS data by testing the association of some of these molecules (Bst2, IFITM2, IFITM3) with ALIS and the phagocytosed-bacteria. We surmise that AMPs enrichment in ALIS leads to their delivery to bacteria-containing phagosomes and restricts the bacteria. Our findings in this paper support hitherto unknown functions of ALIS in host-defense.
O02 Assessing SleeP in INfants with moderate-severe atopic Dermatitis by Longitudinal Evaluation (The SPINDLE study)
Authors: O’Connor Cathal , Ventura Soraia , O’Sullivan Mark , Irvine Alan , Murray Deirdre , Hourihane Jonathan , Murphy Michelle , Boylan Geraldine
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with sleep disruption due to pruritus, inflammation, increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and circadian alterations. Little is known about the impact of AD on sleep in early infancy, a critical time for neurodevelopment.

The aim of this study was to deeply characterise the sleep architecture of 6-month-old infants with moderate-severe AD, compared to controls.

Methods

Overnight movements (defined as 10-15 seconds of movement) were measured for five consecutive nights using a novel wearable movement sensor. Infantile and parental sleep measures were reported by parents. Daytime sleep quality and quantity was measured by electroencephalogram (EEG) polysomnography. AD was assessed using clinical severity scoring, skin barrier assessment (TEWL, natural moisturising factor levels, and filaggrin mutational analysis) and inflammatory cytokine analysis by tape stripping.

Results

57 controls and 33 cases were recruited. Average EASI at time of 6-month assessment was 7.2 (range 0.8-34.8). Infants with AD recorded almost twice as many overnight movements as controls (19.2 versus 11.2, p<0.05). Infants with AD slept for 13.1 hours versus 13.8 (p<0.05), and woke 3.5 times versus 1.9 (p<0.05). Infants with AD had differences in EEG sleep measures, including sleep spindle power and frequency. Mothers of cases had worse total sleep time (6.3 versus 7.1 hours, p<0.05), sleep-­onset latency (27.1 versus 12.8 minutes, p<0.05), and sleep ­efficiency.

Conclusion

This is the most detailed study ever performed on sleep in infants with AD using objective sleep measures, and has revealed significant effects on sleep architecture, sleep duration, and overnight movement.
P13 ‘Microneedle’ A new horizon of intradermal therapeutics
Authors: Faisal Waleed , Bamsey Ryan
Published: January 2024

Microneedle array patch (MAP) is a patch of sharp but painless microstructure needles ranging from only a few microneedles to several hundred, attached to an adhesive patch. The arrays penetrate the outer layer of the skin on application and then are given time to dissolve to deliver a local dose of medication intradermally (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F6jPA9liUMc ).

MAP enable alternative and easier delivery scenarios for physicians as they require less training to apply and not as hazardous as traditional needles. MAP also improve adherence to drug regimens as it makes the administration of drugs to patients safer and less painful. Additionally, microneedles offer suitability for self-administration, no biohazardous sharps waste, and no risk of needle-stick injuries.

The work that supported the preliminary research/development have been patented/published (Patent WO 2020/250210). The key opinion leaders KOLs and industry stakeholder feedback confirmed an unmet market need for the MN technology, particularly in support of many topical applications. The in-vivo data showed that the MAP delivers a superior localized drug dose compared current standard of care, which should translate to a reduced treatment-time. Also, the comparative plasma bioavailability of the MAP translates to less side effects. It was also observed that after one week, there was no sign of inflammation or irritation at the site of application.

We are seeking potential clinical partners for whom collaboration and MAP technology is advantageous. Such collaboration would ensure rapid product development and industrial production to allow clinical assessment.
P14 Midface Toddler Excoriation Syndrome (MiTES): a new mimic of non-accidental injury
Authors: Dewar Janine , Ahmed Alia , Moss Celia , Solman Lea
Published: January 2024

Background

Midface Toddler Excoriation Syndrome (MiTES) is a rare genetic condition first described in 2017. Commencing in the first year of life, it is characterised by intense mid-­facial itch with persistent scratching and skin breakdown. Symptoms improve later in childhood, leaving atrophic scarring. Disbelief that infants can damage themselves in this way can lead to an erroneous and damaging misdiagnosis of non-accidental injury (NAI).

Cases

A boy now aged 11 years presented at 6 months with recurrent scratching of the face, leading to ulceration of the nasal bridge, sides of the nose, infraorbital areas and central forehead. Extensive investigations were unhelpful and NAI was suspected with significant psychosocial sequelae for the family. When his sister, now aged 4 years, presented with strikingly similar lesions MiTES was suspected and confirmed by genetic testing which showed homozygosity for 18 alanine repeats in the PRDM12 gene. Testing of sibling and parents is planned. Both children are now asymptomatic but have significant facial scarring.

Discussion

Biallelic variants in PRDM12 usually cause hereditary sensory and motor neuropathy type 8 with widespread damage to distal appendages due to pain insensitivity. The specific variant found here and in all reported MiTES cases causes highly localised lesions with rarely any extra-facial ­involvement. Due to its novelty and rarity, MiTES may be misdiagnosed and safeguarding concerns raised, leading to distress for affected families and breakdown of parent-­provider relationships. This case, which for the first time provides longitudinal data on affected siblings, highlights the need for early recognition and diagnosis.
P19 Spontaneous regression of aleukaemic cutis leukaemia in a male infant
Authors: Oyedepo Jadesola , Bageta Maria , Polubothu Maanasa , Tan Jonathan , Gattens Michael , Levine Samantha , Hook Liz
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Congenital leukaemia is a rare haematologic disease presenting in the first 4-6 weeks of life. Affected children may present with systemic symptoms of fever, hepatosplenomegaly and skin infiltration in the form of leukaemia cutis. Prognosis is generally poor but some cases of spontaneous regression have been described. We report a case of a 5-week-old who had biopsy confirmed cutis leukaemia which went on to resolve spontaneously.

Case

A male infant developed widespread erythematous/violaceous patches and nodules in the first week of life. He remained systemically well. A skin biopsy at 5 weeks of age showed features of a malignant haematological infiltrate, favouring a myeloid/monocytic leukaemic process. Baseline bloods were normal including a blood film which did not show any evidence of blasts. Interestingly, following his biopsy, skin lesions began to improve with complete resolution of all skin lesions by six weeks of age. RNA fusion panel analysis of affected skin detected a PICALM::MLLT10 t(10;11) (p12;q14) fusion which is a rare but recurrent finding in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia . He continues monthly haematology surveillance and has remained disease free at 8 months.

Conclusion

Spontaneous regression of aleukaemic leukaemia cutis is a rare phenomenon. Patients require close ongoing surveillance as some may relapse with systemic disease after several years. Key to management of this case was prompt suspicion of leukaemia cutis and biopsy which enabled an accurate diagnosis despite the brief window of skin lesions and has subsequently enabled accurate genotyping and future rigorous surveillance in this child.
P30 Trouble with skin: Do parents understand the impact skin conditions have on children’s quality of life?
Authors: Leahy Marion , Murphy Annette
Published: January 2024

Paediatric skin conditions have a negative impact on the quality of life in patients and their families. The children’s dermatology life quality index score (CDLQI) was initially designed and published in 1951. Often the parent or guardian fills out this questionnaire; basing their answers on how they feel the disease is affecting the child. This leads to a biased CDLQI that doesn’t show the true impact on the child.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis on children aged 4-12 and to assess if there is a difference in the CDLQI depending on whether the parent or child fills out the form.

Observational cross-sectional study. Eighty patients aged 4-12 were recruited from paediatric dermatology clinic. Disease severity scores were completed and treatment to date noted. Parents filled out the CDLQI on their own while the child filled it out with the doctor. Parent and child answers assessed for differences.

Eighty patients and parents met the inclusion criteria. Forty patients had psoriasis and forty had atopic dermatitis. Across all disease severities parents underestimated the impact of itch. The moderate disease cohort showed the greatest difference in patient/parent CDLQI. Parents overestimated how embarrassed children were and most parents felt the disease was impacting the childs friendships and causing bullying. The majority of children did not report this as being an issue.

This highlights the impact of paediatric skin disease on carers and the importance of the child filling out the CDLQI form.
Gene therapy encoding cell cycle factors to treat chronic ischemic heart failure in rats
Authors: Abouleisa Riham R E , Tang Xian-Liang , Ou Qinghui , Salama Abou-Bakr M , Woolard Amie , Hammouri Dana , Abdelhafez Hania , Cayton Sarah , Abdulwali Sameeha K , Arai Momo , Sithu Israel D , Conklin Daniel J , Bolli Roberto , Mohamed Tamer M A
Published: January 2024

Aims

Gene therapies to induce cardiomyocyte (CM) cell cycle re-entry have shown a potential to treat subacute ischaemic heart failure (IHF) but have not been tested in the more relevant setting of chronic IHF. Our group recently showed that polycistronic non-integrating lentivirus encoding Cdk1/CyclinB1 and Cdk4/CyclinD1 (TNNT2-4Fpolycistronic-NIL) is effective in inducing CM cell cycle re-entry and ameliorating subacute IHF models and preventing the subsequent IHF-induced congestions in the liver, kidneys, and lungs in rats and pigs. Here, we aim to test the long-term efficacy of TNNT2-4Fpolycistronic-NIL in a rat model of chronic IHF, a setting that differs pathophysiologically from subacute IHF and has greater clinical relevance.

Methods and results

Rats were subjected to a 2-h coronary occlusion followed by reperfusion; 4 weeks later, rats were injected intramyocardially with either TNNT2-4Fpolycistronic-NIL or LacZ-NIL. Four months post-viral injection, TNNT2-4Fpolycistronic-NIL–treated rats showed a significant reduction in scar size and a significant improvement in left ventricular (LV) systolic cardiac function but not in the LV dilatation associated with chronic IHF. A mitosis reporter system developed in our lab showed significant induction of CM mitotic activity in TNNT2-4Fpolycistronic-NIL–treated rats.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates, for the first time, that TNNT2-4Fpolycistronic-NIL gene therapy induces CM cell cycle re-entry in chronic IHF and improves LV function, and that this salubrious effect is sustained for at least 4 months. Given the high prevalence of chronic IHF, these results have significant clinical implications for developing a novel treatment for this deadly disease.