bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Cosmic Grain Analogs Formed at Low Temperature from Small Hydrocarbon Precursors in the NASA Ames COSmIC Facility
Authors: Sciamma-O’Brien Ella , Salama Farid
Published: December 2020

Here, we present the results of the first solid-phase ex situ analysis of cosmic grain analogs produced at low temperature (<200 K) in the NASA Ames COsmic SImulation Chamber (COSmIC) from small hydrocarbon precursors, methane (CH4) and acetylene (C2H2), seeded in an argon supersonic jet expansion and submitted to a plasma discharge. The plasma-induced chemical reactions, initiated between the precursor molecules and their atomic and molecular fragments, radicals and ions, produce larger molecules and eventually solid particles that are collected in situ under controlled conditions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging was used to provide insight on the morphology and growth structure of the grains produced in COSmIC, and to investigate how the precursors used to produce the grains affect these parameters. This SEM study has shown that under identical experimental conditions with fixed physical and chemical parameters (precursor density, temperature, energy, and reaction time), heavier precursors in the initial mixture produce larger grains and in larger quantity, most likely as a result of a more complex chemistry: most of the grains produced in the Ar/CH4 (95:5) gas mixture ranged from 15 to 385 nm in diameter with an average density of 2.1 grains μm−2, while the grains produced in the Ar/C2H2 (95:5) gas mixture ranged from 40 to 650 nm with a density of 3.5 grains μm−2. Changes in the morphology were also observed, with grains produced from acetylene (C2H2) precursors tending to be more spherical than grains produced from methane (CH4) precursors. This change in morphology could be associated with different stages of growth formation at low temperature from a more “planar” growth at first, followed by coagulation into more spherical particles. This study demonstrates that the COSmIC experimental setup can be used to investigate carbon grain formation from small gas-phase molecular precursors at low temperature (<200 K), i.e., under a temperature regime that is representative of the dust condensation zone and outer region of circumstellar envelopes.
Peculiarities in the Horizontal Branch Stars of Globular Cluster NGC 1851: Discovery of a Blue Straggler Companion to an EHB Star
Authors: Singh Gaurav , Sahu Snehalata , Subramaniam Annapurni , Yadav R. K. S.
Published: December 2020

We present a study of far-UV (FUV) bright horizontal branch (HB) stars to understand the peculiarities seen in the HB sequence of the globular cluster NGC 1851, using ground- and space-based multiwavelength data. Optical and UV color–magnitude diagrams are used to classify HB stars and their membership from Hubble Space Telescope and Gaia DR2 data. The spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of the hot HB stars located from the core to tidal radii are constructed. The SEDs reveal that the HB stars near the “Grundahl jump” show a decrease in the FUV flux when atmospheric models of cluster metallicity are used for fitting, but a better fit is found with higher-metallicity models, as expected due to atmospheric diffusion. We report on four particularly interesting extreme HB (EHB) stars, two each in the inner and outer regions. We detect a subluminous EHB and “blue-hook” candidates with temperatures T
eff  ∼  25,000 K and 31,000 K, respectively. We found an EHB star (T
eff  ∼  17,000 K) with a radius that lies between the BHB and normal EHB stars. The most peculiar of our EHB stars (T
eff  ∼  28,000 K) is found to be a photometric binary to a blue straggler star (BSS; T
eff  ∼  7000 K), which is an important target for spectroscopic study. This discovery of the candidate EHB+BSS binary system could help to explain the mass loss in the red giant branch phase, leading to the formation of EHB stars.
Determination of the chemical composition of seeds, peels, and seedcakes from two genotypes of Cape gooseberry (Physalisperuviana L.)
Authors: POPOVA Venelina , PETKOVA Zhana , IVANOVA Tanya , STOYANOVA Magdalena , PANAYOTOV Nikolay , MAZOVA Nadezhda , STOYANOVA Albena
Published: December 2020

Physalis peruviana L. fruit (Cape gooseberry, CG) is a rich source of phytonutrients, including vitamins, minerals, polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs), phytosterols, dietetic fibers, and others. The popularity and production areas of CG have been expanding worldwide, thus producing fruit with origin-substantiated differences in their nutrient composition.This study was based on the comparative assessment of 2 genotypes of CG produced in Bulgaria (CG-P and CG-F), through analysis of the lipid fraction of different fruit elements (seeds, peels), and further examination of the extracted seedcakes. The CG seeds reasonably yielded more oil (17.0%–22.2%) than the isolated peels (2.8%–2.9%). The main FAs in the CG-P seed oil were oleic (29.6%) and palmitic (20.6%), and in the CG-F seed oil were palmitic (20.9%) and stearic (17.5%). Both CG peel oils were dominated by palmitic acid (43.0%–60.2%), but there was a significant variation of some other FAs. The group of bioactive tocopherols was found exclusively in the oil extracted from the CG seeds, with no significant difference between the genotypes; β-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol were the most abundant. Waste from the oil extraction (the seedcakes) was found to contain high levels of macro and microminerals (K, Mg, Cu, Zn, Mn, and others), fiber (40.26%–47.62%), protein (13.73%–8.08%), and essential amino acids, with some genotype-based variations. The results demonstrated that, concerning the studied aspects of fruit composition, CG produced in Bulgaria was comparable to the fruit of other origins; hence, they might be of practical interest to national agricultural and food producers, as well as to the food industry on a wider basis, as new details are added to the knowledge about CG fruit. The outcomes from the examination of the CG seedcakes were in favor of their potential in human and animal nutrition, and might serve as grounds for the development of new products.
Résilience urbaine et pouvoir princier : Saint-Omer à la fin du XV e siècle
Authors: Santamaria Jean-Baptiste
Published: December 2020

Pays potentiellement riche, l’Artois est affecté par une guerre continue pendant les derniers siècles du Moyen Âge et la première modernité. Saint-Omer, extrêmement prospère jusqu’au xiii e  siècle, subit ensuite une crise très profonde. La maison de Bourgogne puis les Habsbourg s’efforcent de remédier à ses difficultés, à la fois pour consolider sa fidélité et tenir solidement le plat pays dont elle constitue la clé. Le prince est d’autre part considéré, dans le cadre d’une vision du monde forgée par l’Antiquité (Aristote), le christianisme (saint Augustin) et le Moyen Âge (saint Thomas), comme le protecteur qui permet à la cité de se redresser et de retrouver son rang après les catastrophes. Les moyens dont il dispose dépendent par ailleurs évidemment de la bonne santé financière de ses pays, en particulier de ses bonnes villes. Les exigences liées à la guerre entravent cependant la résilience : l’entretien des armées et l’édification des fortifications écrasent une cité très endettée que l’insécurité empêche de préserver sa fonction commerciale. Le pouvoir princier s’efforce d’intervenir mais ses moyens restent réduits, d’autant que la résistance aux attaques françaises reste la priorité absolue, dans un contexte où la défaite pourrait provoquer la destruction de la ville.
Le provisoire, une solution « durable » pour la résilience urbaine ? L’exemple de la Reconstruction du Nord–Pas-de-Calais après la seconde guerre mondiale
Authors: Havez Rudy , Pazgrat Alexandre
Published: December 2020

Le tissu urbain du Nord–Pas-de-Calais est fortement endommagé après le second conflit mondial. Les villes doivent donc rapidement absorber le choc et s’adapter afin de revenir à un état d’équilibre. Le concept de résilience est de ce fait opérant, car il permet d’observer selon différentes temporalités les processus alors à l’œuvre. Le choix ici a été de s’intéresser à la résilience du temps court et aux modalités particulières qui la caractérisent à l’échelle de ce territoire. Le recours à l’habitat provisoire apparaît comme une solution pertinente malgré le fonctionnement des systèmes urbains en mode dégradé. Ce recours peut se concevoir comme une réponse à la crise du logement alors que les difficultés du quotidien sont légion. La question se pose cependant de la durabilité du provisoire. Cette solution favorise la continuité d’activités si bien que celui-ci perdure inexorablement. L’étude de la résilience suppose également de dépasser l’aspect matériel pour observer la dimension sociale puisque le provisoire facilite la restauration de conditions de vie propices au maintien des liens sociaux à l’échelle des individus certes, mais aussi à celle des communautés, maintien assuré par des moyens variés. Toutefois, le provisoire peut aussi être source de tensions si bien qu’il ne peut constituer un modèle parfait de résilience.
« Classer des lettres classer une vie »
Authors: Paulhan Claire
Published: December 2020

Éditer des correspondances entre écrivains constitue, depuis toujours, un domaine particulier de l’édition, qui se raréfie cependant : est-ce parce que publier ce genre de titres exige de longs travaux de recherche dans les fonds d’archives ? Est-ce parce que ces correspondances demandent un double appareil critique, ou parce qu’elles ne concernent qu’un public lettré ? Pourtant, l’édition de correspondances a évolué et, après avoir enrichi l’étude des œuvres, elle apporte aujourd’hui quantité de détails concrets et d’informations à l’histoire littéraire et souvent à l’histoire tout court.
Dévoilement d’une correspondance secrète de Fradique Mendes
Authors: Levécot Agnès
Published: December 2020

Nação Crioula est un récit épistolaire de l’écrivain angolais José Eduardo Agualusa, bâti sur de multiples mises en abyme fictionnelles, narratives et énonciatives. Son auteur y reprend la figure de Fradique Mendes, créée par Eça de Queirós. Censée combler les lacunes biographiques du personnage du prototexte, la correspondance qu’il lui invente ouvre sur une révision de l’histoire de la colonisation portugaise en même temps qu’elle questionne la notion d’identité individuelle, nationale, linguistique et, in fine , celle de l’auteur lui-même.
Comment on écrit des lettres de Fernando Pessoa
Authors: Eiras Pedro
Published: December 2020

En 2016, Pedro Eiras publie un livre intitulé Cartas Reencontradas [ Lettres retrouvées ] de Fernando Pessoa a Mário de Sá-Carneiro . En fait, il n’a pas retrouvé les lettres mythiques que Pessoa a écrites à son ami Sá-Carneiro, et qui se sont perdues à la suite du suicide de ce dernier : il a fallu qu’il les invente d’un bout à l’autre. Comment écrit-on des lettres disparues de Fernando Pessoa ? Cet article, publié en portugais dans A Phala , en 2018, a été traduit en français pour Sigila par Agnès Levécot.
Un secret bien gardé
Authors: Menéndez Ramón
Published: December 2020

Le 21 septembre 1897 Freud adresse à son ami Fliesß une lettre dans laquelle il lui annonce l’abandon de sa neurotica . Cela supposait renoncer à une construction théorique bâtie depuis plusieurs années. La mise en question de la théorie de la séduction témoigne d’une position éthique guidée par l’expérience clinique. Elle inaugure des nouvelles voies pour la naissante psychanalyse et contribue à définir sa singularité par rapport à la psychiatrie et à la physiologie.
Toric IOL Calculation in Eyes With High Posterior Corneal Astigmatism
Authors: Reitblat Olga , Levy Adi , Megiddo Barnir Elinor , Assia Ehud I. , Kleinmann Guy
Published: December 2020

PURPOSE:

To evaluate different calculation approaches for toric intraocular lens (IOL) calculation in cases with high posterior corneal astigmatism (PCA).

METHODS:

Consecutive patients who underwent cataract extraction with implantation of toric IOLs by a single surgeon were reviewed. Eyes with measured PCA of 0.80 diopters (D) or greater were included. Errors in the predicted postoperative refractive astigmatism were calculated for the Abulafia-Koch formula, vector summation of anterior keratometry with posterior tomography, and the Barrett toric calculator using predicted and measured PCA.

RESULTS:

One hundred seventy-three consecutive cases of toric IOL implantation were reviewed. Seventeen eyes (10%) had PCA of 0.80 D or greater and were investigated. The mean absolute error was the lowest with Barrett's measured PCA (0.55 ± 0.38) followed by Barrett's predicted PCA mean absolute error (0.65 ± 0.31), vector summation (0.69 ± 0.33), and the Abulafia-Koch formula (0.80 ± 0.36). The rate of eyes with prediction errors within 0.25 D or less was the highest for Barrett's measured PCA (29.4%) followed by Barrett's predicted PCA (5.9%) and no eyes for the Abulafia-Koch formula and vector summation. The mean centroid prediction errors were lowest for Barrett's measured PCA and Barrett's predicted PCA (0.14 ± 0.66 @70, 0.14 ± 0.73 @179, respectively), followed by vector summation (0.35 ± 0.70 @5), and the Abulafia-Koch formula (0.39 ± 0.80 @179).

CONCLUSIONS:

The results suggest that in cases of high PCA, the Barrett toric calculator using direct measurements of PCA may have a potential advantage over predicted PCA in toric IOL calculations and vector summation of the anterior and posterior corneal astigmatism.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(12):820–825.]
The principal-agent model in venture investment based on fairness preference
Authors: Xu Dongsheng ,   School of Sciences, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China, Liu Qingqing , Jiang Xin
Published: December 2020

The fairness preference in the principal-agent relationship is a vital factor that can even determine the success or failure of one program. Under normal circumstances, the capital invested by VC is often several times that of EN, which is one of the reasons for the profit gap between EN and VC. Therefore, when establishing a principal-agent model with fairness preferences, it is necessary to project the utility of VC to the level of EN and compare it with the utility of venture entrepreneurs, which will better reflect the profit gap between the two. On the basis of previous studies, this paper considers the amount of contribution of the participants, builds four principal-agent models to find the optimal distribution of income between the Venture Entrepreneur (EN) and the Venture Capital (VC) in a venture capital investment program, two without fairness preference and others with fairness preference. After the simulation we confirm that the fairness preference coefficient exerts a great impact on the distribution of income in both situations where information is symmetric and asymmetric, and a strong fairness preference will lead to a greater net profit gap between the EN and the VC. Thus, the EN should carefully choose the level of his efforts to realize the maximum return for him. In the case of information asymmetry, EN's optimal effort level decreases as the fairness preference coefficient increases.This will affect project revenue. And then affect the VC income.
Future Teachers’ Opinions on Preparation and Use of Interactive Materials in Teaching
Authors: Kassabolat Aigul , Kadirsizova Shynar , Kozybayeva Makhabbat , Kalkeyeva Kamaryash , Zhorokpayeva Meiramgul , Aknur Yerimova
Published: December 2020

This study aims to determine the opinions of students in the primary education department about the preparation and use of materials with the teaching practice in Instructional Technologies and Material Design (TTMD) course. This study is a descriptive study based on qualitative data. The sample of the research consists of 49 students from the primary education department who took TTMD course at Almaty University in the 2018-2019 academic year. The data of the research were collected by structured interview form. According to the results, it has been revealed that primary school teacher candidates emphasized the importance on preparing and using materials based on their answers regarding the use and preparation of materials in teaching. When the opinions of primary school teacher candidates about the criteria that they value in preparing and using materials were examined, they emphasized the criteria such as suitability for the student level, fitness for the purpose, being clear and easy to understand. Moreover, the results showed that future primary school teachers have difficulty in finding materials and tools suitable for this purpose.
Analysis of Documents Published on Mobile Technology of Hearing Impaired in Web of Science Database
Authors: Genc Zeynep , Masalimova Alfiya R. , Khairullina Elmira R. , Matvienko Valentin V. , Larionova Anna A. , Tyazhelnikov Andrey A. , Shaidullina Albina R.
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study is to determine the latest trends in mobile technologies used in the education of the hearing impaired. Technology integration studies in the literature generally focus on visual dictionaries, sign language, word exercises or story books. In addition, it is seen that the studies report the results, not the process. However, there are few studies that describe the holistic technology integration process with a holistic approach. The study was conducted using qualitative research methodology, document analysis and related content analysis. Working with the keywords "mobile technology and hearing impaired" in Web of Science database is based on the analysis of published documents. All articles published in Web of Science have been examined. Affiliated universities of the distribution, subject areas, document types, country / regions and author themes by years were examined. Various findings reveal in terms of determining the importance of the analysis of the studies published in Web of Science database on the hearing impairments through mobile learning in terms of content. A total of 54 studies were analysed. It was concluded that the most studies related to technology were carried out in 2001 and 2019. It turns out that the first study was carried out in 2001.When literature review was done, it was concluded that most studies were conducted in 2019. It was also concluded that the most studies were in the field of Computer Science Theory Methods. It is mostly published as a full text. When looking at the scanning areas in the Web of Science index, it was seen that the most study area is in the Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Science area. When the universities of the researchers were analysed, it was also concluded that the researcher who carried out the most research was from Anadolu University. Although technology is very important in education, the effects of mobile learning on the hearing impaired should be further investigated and results should be shared.
Performance Evaluation of Industry-Education Integration in Higher Vocational Colleges: An Evidence from China
Authors: Gao Fei , Zhang Peng
Published: December 2020

The integration of industry and education promotes the cooperation between colleges and enterprises, and contributes to regional development. This paper aims to evaluate the performance of industry-education integration in higher vocational colleges of the Yangtze River Delta. Firstly, 138 higher vocational colleges were selected from the Yangtze River Delta as the research samples. Then, a comprehensive evaluation system was designed, including 11 evaluation indices. On this basis, the 2018 data of the samples were evaluated from the perspectives of faculty, teaching, scientific research, and service. The results show that, in the Yangtze River Delta, the higher vocational colleges generally do well in industry-education integration, but the integration level varied greatly from college to college; the performance of some indices should be further optimized.
Molecularly-Imprinted Nanomaterial-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensors in Molecular Diagnosis
Authors: Türkoğlu Emir Alper
Published: December 2020

Molecular diagnosis is based on target detection associated with many diseases and abnormalities. Common analytical techniques have disadvantages in the diagnosis. In contrast, biosensors are performed quick and selective detection of various markers. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor allows qualitative and quantitative measurements without labelling and frequently used in medical applications. Recent developments in various emerging disciplines have allowed the design of novel bioreceptors for SPR biosensors. In recent years, the use of bioreceptors combined with nanotechnology and molecular imprinting technologies has increased in SPR instruments. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic polymeric materials and provide specific and selective recognition sites for the target of interest. MIPs as bioreceptor show unique features compared to natural receptors. Therefore, MIP-based bioreceptors in SPR sensors have gained more attention recently. This chapter primarily focuses on the status and applications of nano-MIP-based SPR biosensors for the molecular diagnosis.
Nanomaterials for Food and Agriculture
Authors: Dutta Mintu Maan
Published: December 2020

Nanotechnology has emerged as one of the most promising tools for the present revolution in the field of agri-food sector. Engineered nano materials (ENMs) are a part of nanotechnology which has led to the invention of smart and active materials such as nanosensors, nanofertilizers, nanopesticides, etc. Bioinspired and biosynthesis approach for the synthesis of nanomaterials using various eco-friendly green chemistry methods has overcome the various problem associated with the use of toxic chemicals and harsh reaction conditions. Thus, use of these nanomaterial in this sector has tremendously increased the crop yield and quality thereby reducing the use of toxic crop protecting agents.
Magnesium Oxide (MgO)
Authors: Sofi Ashaq Hussain , Akhoon Shabir Ahmad , Mir Jaffar Farooq , Rather Mehraj Ud Din
Published: December 2020

Bacterial contamination is an unusual menace for human well-being. Nanotechnology proposes diverse techniques to nurture new inorganic antibacterial agents. Nano-inorganic metal oxides possess an auspicious potential to diminish bacterial effluence. Magnesium oxide (MgO) is a significant inorganic oxide and has been widely employed in numerous arenas such as catalysis, ceramics, toxic waste remediation, antibacterial activity, and as an additive in paint and superconductor products by virtue of its distinctive properties. Numerous studies have shown that magnesium oxide nanostructures possess remarkable antibacterial activity. Therefore, in this direction, few synthesis methods such as hydrothermal method, sol-gel method, etc., antibacterial activity, and antibacterial mechanisms of magnesium oxide nanostructures have been incorporated in this chapter.
Nano-Structured Materials for Efficient Energy Storage and Conversion
Authors: Ahmad Jahangir , Majid Kowsar
Published: December 2020

As the energy demand is rapidly increasing worldwide, one of the main challenges of this century is to fulfill the energy needs for the sustenance of life. There is clearly an urgent need to develop alternative renewable energy harvesting technologies. This chapter emphasizes nano-structured materials which hold the key to fundamental advances in energy storage and conversion. Nano-structured materials offer unique properties as electrodes and electrolytes in a range of energy devices. Among the fundamental technologies in energy storage and conversion influenced by nanostructured materials, photovoltaic cells, lithium ion batteries, supercapacitors, and electro catalysts for fuel cells are highlighted in this chapter. The principles involved for hydrogen generation and nanostructured materials used for photocatalytic hydrogen generation are also discussed.
Routes of Synthesis and Characterizations of Nanoparticles
Authors: Rather Gulzar Ahmed , Chakravorty Arghya , Bhat Basharat Ahmad , Malik Ishfaq Majeed , Mir Fayaz Hussain , Sana Siva Sankar , Raghavan Vimala , Nanda Anima , Choudhury Moharana
Published: December 2020

An interesting aspect of nanotechnology is the remarkable size-dependent physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials that have led to the rise of synthesis procedures for nanomaterials across a range of sizes, shapes, and chemical compositions. This chapter will concentrate on the different methods such as electron irradiation, laser ablation, and chemical reduction, biological methods, photochemical methods; microwave processing, chemical vapour condensation (CVC), arc discharge, hydrogen plasma-metal reaction, and laser pyrolysis in the vapour phase. This chapter will also include the various characterization techniques for the conformation of nanomaterials such as UV-visible spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and electron microscopy (e.g., transmission electron microscopy [TEM], scanning electron microscopy [SEM], and atomic force microscopy [AFM]).
Mathematical Models in Nursing Research
Authors: Rea Teresa , Guillari Assunta , Sergi Consolato , Serra Nicola
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses the use of advanced mathematical tools in nursing research, such as mathematical models used in medicine for description and prediction of experimental tumor growth. They are rarely used in nursing research, but fortunately in the last decade, their use is increased, mainly due to artificial intelligence and Big Data, with great benefits for further nursing development. Therefore, a strong interaction between nurses and mathematicians is needed to improve nursing research, and consequently, the nurses’ performance in daily work.
Validation of Dimensions of Learning Organization Questionnaire (Dloq) in Health Care Setting in Greece
Authors: Goula Aspasia , Stamouli Maria-Aggeliki , Latsou Dimitra , Gkioka Vasiliki , Sarris Markos
Published: December 2020

Background

In health care systems the organizational learning is a continuous process to improve actions through better knowledge and detect or correct errors. This study examines the validity and reliability of the Dimensions of Learning Organization Questionnaire in addition to the applicability of the instrument in a Greek health care cultural context.

Design and methods

A cross-sectional study was carried out in 6 general hospitals of Attica and the sampling scheme was the stratified sampling. Questionnaires were distributed to 487 healthcare professionals and 380 valid questionnaires were returned. The research tool used in this survey is the extensive form of DLOQ, which has been adapted and translated into Greek language. Data analysis was carried out with SPSS 25.

Results

Three leading experts of the health sector examined the face validity assessment of the translated DLOQ and stated that it is characterized by high face validity. As regard construct validity of the DOLQ throughout Multitrait-Multimethod Matrix, was proved that all the variables of the same factors are statistically significantly correlated (p<0.001), and their correlation coefficients have moderate to high power ranging between 0.563 and 0.798. Moreover, the discriminant validity was demonstrated as certain correlation coefficients between variables of different factors were found to be higher than of certain correlation coefficients between variables of the same factors. The internal consistency among the items of the DOLQ range between 0.842 and 0.977 and they are considered to be good to excellent.

Conclusions

Our results confirmed that DLOQ is a valuable tool in measuring Learning Organizational in Greek public hospitals.
Primary pulmonary lymphangiectasia in Noonan syndrome: apropos of an extremely rare manifestation and a brief literature review
Authors: Dendrinou Georgia-Emmanuela , Zagarelos Panagiotis , Sofronas Angelos , Katsenos Stamatis
Published: December 2020

Noonan syndrome (NS) is a genetic multisystem disorder characterised by distinctive facial features, developmental delay, learning difficulties, short stature, congenital heart disease, renal anomalies, bleeding difficulties and lymphatic malformations. Although lymphatic dysplasias are present in 20% of patients with NS, however pulmonary lymphangiectasia has rarely been described. In this present paper, we report a 24-year-old male who was diagnosed with Noonan syndrome and primary pulmonary lymphangiectasia by using chest imaging modalities. A brief overview of the current literature is also provided laying emphasis on the clinical, pathogenetic and diagnostic aspects of this uncommon Noonan syndrome complication.
Primary care management of allergic rhinitis: A cross-sectional study in four ASEAN countries
Authors: Abdullah Baharudin , Snidvongs Kornkiat , Recto Marysia , Lestari Poerbonegoro Niken , Wang De Yun
Published: December 2020

Background: In primary care, general practitioners (GPs) and pharmacists are tasked with the frontline responsibility of identifying and managing allergic rhinitis (AR) patients. There are currently no consolidated data on current treatment practices, patient compliance, and usage of guidelines within Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).Objective: To assess the attitudes and practices on AR of GPs and pharmacists in 4 ASEAN countries (Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, and Malaysia).Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 329 GPs and 548 pharmacists was conducted from May to November 2019. Participants answered a questionnaire focused on their i) current practice in the management of AR, ii) views on patient compliance, iii) understanding and usage of guidelines.Results: Clinical history was the most preferred method to diagnose AR by 95.4% of GPs and 58.8% of pharmacists. Second-generation antihistamines were the most widely available treatment option in GP clinics and pharmacies (94.8% and 97.2%) and correspondingly the most preferred treatment for both mild (90.3%, 76.8%) to moderate-severe rhinitis (90.3%, 78.6%) by GPs and pharmacists, respectively. Loratadine was ranked as the most preferred 2nd generation antihistamines (GP vs pharmacists: 55.3% vs 58.9%). More than 90% of GPs and pharmacists ranked length and efficacy of treatment as important factors that increase patient compliance. Awareness of the ARIA guidelines was high among GPs (80%) and lower among pharmacists (48.4%). However, only 63.3% of GPs and 48.2% of pharmacists knew how to identify AR patients.Conclusion: The survey in the 4 ASEAN countries has identified a need to strengthen the awareness and use of ARIA guidelines among primary care practitioners. Adherence to ARIA guidelines, choosing the appropriate treatment option and prioritizing factors that increase patient compliance may contribute to better management outcomes of AR at the primary care practice.
Keys and Demazure crystals for Kac–Moody algebras
Authors: Jacon Nicolas , Lecouvey Cédric
Published: December 2020

The Key map is an important tool in the determination of the Demazure crystals associated to Kac–Moody algebras. In finite type A, it can be computed in the tableau realization of crystals by a simple combinatorial procedure due to Lascoux and Schützenberger. We show that this procedure is a part of a more general construction holding in the Kac–Moody case that we illustrate in finite types and affine type A. In affine type A, we introduce higher level generalizations of core partitions which are expected to play an important role in the representation theory of Ariki–Koike algebras.
Limited Secondary Transmission of the Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) by Asymptomatic and Mild COVID-19 Patients in Bhutan
Authors: Tshokey Tshokey , Choden Jamyang , Dorjee Kinley , Pempa Pempa , Yangzom Pema , Gyeltshen Wangdi , Wangchuk Sonam , Dorji Tandin , Wangmo Dechen
Published: December 2020

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, there is growing concordance and persisting conflicts on the virus and the disease process. We discuss limited transmissibility of the virus by asymptomatic and mild cases of COVID-19 patients in Bhutan. We followed up the secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the contacts of asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 patients in Bhutan. Bhutan had 33 confirmed COVID-19 cases in the country as of May 29, 2020. Of these, 22 (67%) were females. Except the first two cases (American tourists), the rest were Bhutanese living outside the country. The mean age of the Bhutanese patients was 26.3 (range 16–33) years. Close contacts of 27 of the 33 cases were followed up for signs and symptoms and COVID-19 positivity. The first two cases had 73 and 97 primary contacts, respectively, and equal number of secondary contacts (224). From the third case, a mandatory 21-day facility quarantine was instituted, all primary contacts were facility quarantined, and there were no secondary contacts. In total, the 27 cases had 1,095 primary contacts and 448 secondary contacts. Of these, 75 individuals were categorized as definite high-risk contacts. Secondary transmission occurred in seven high-risk contacts. Therefore, the overall secondary transmission was 9.0% (7/75) and 0.6% (7/1,095) among the high-risk and primary contacts, respectively. No transmission occurred in the secondary contacts. In contrast to several reports indicating high transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 in contacts of confirmed cases, the mostly young, asymptomatic, and mild cases of COVID-19 in Bhutan showed limited secondary transmission.
COVID-19 Home Deaths without Medical Assistance in Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Souza Pedro Mansueto Melo de , Gerson Gunter , Soares Carlos Eduardo Lopes , Souza Sarlene Gomes de , Dias Josebson Silva , Melo Deborah Nunes de , Ruiz Erasmo Miessa , Tavora Fabio , Cavalcanti Luciano Pamplona de Goes
Published: December 2020

Since its beginning in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, the disease caused by COVID-19 has reached more than 27 million confirmed cases and more than 880 thousand deaths worldwide by early September 2020. Although it is known that some of these deaths may have been influenced by the overload of health systems, the world medical literature lacks data on deaths due to COVID-19 in patients who have not received medical assistance. We conducted a retrospective transversal study to report the clinical and epidemiological profile of the first 200 consecutive cases of home deaths without medical assistance caused by COVID-19 diagnosed by verbal autopsy and real-time PCR in samples of postmortem nasopharyngeal swabs, in the state of Ceara, in Northeastern Brazil. The data show a slightly increased prevalence of cases in males (57%) and an average age of 76.8 years. Previous comorbidities were reported in 85.5% of cases, the most common being cardiovascular disease (45%), neurological disease (30%), and diabetes (29%). The main symptoms reported were dyspnea (79%), fever (75.5%), cough (69%), and fatigue (42.5%). The average time between the onset of illness and death was 7.3 days, being statistically shorter in patients who had previous comorbidities (P = 0.0215). This is the first study to evidence the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 home deaths without medical assistance, which may represent a considerable portion of the pandemic burden, especially in the context of health system overload.
A case study on China's carbon emission trading system: experiences and recommendations
Authors: Cao Mingde
Published: December 2020

China officially launched seven state pilot ETS programs starting in 2013 and initiated a national ETS in 2017 respectively. The many accumulated experiences from the pilot programs include such findings as the importance of setting realistic targets balancing the needs for carbon reductions with those of economic growth and pollution control and the need for legislation specifying the actions to be taken, provisions for disclosure, allowance allocations, offsets, infrastructure building, monitoring reporting and verification, and adoption of a compliance mechanism. Deficiencies in the pilot programs are evaluated, such as those derived from lack of a national legal basis and unified rules for the carbon market, an excess of free allocation of allowances, a lack of liquidity of the market, lenient punishment for non-compliance, and absence of a sound monitoring and regulatory mechanism. The requisites for sound market-based programs are described, with particular emphasis on the need for a comprehensive legal basis on which programs can be built. The pluses and minuses of cap and trade market-based programs versus carbon taxes are explored in depth, including the possibilities of combining the two systems. Various bottom up and top down approaches are explored and the key elements of success and failure.
Gospodarcze skutki okupacji Galicji przez wojsko rosyjskie w 1809 roku
Authors: Baczkowski Michał
Published: December 2020

Economic consequences of the occupation of Galicia by the Russian army in 1809 The intervention of the Russian army in Galicia in June 1809, during the War of the Fifth Coalition, was formally the implementation of the alliance with Napoleon (the Treaty of Tilsit). In reality, Russia was concerned with preventing territorial expansion of the Duchy of Warsaw and hoping for a possible seizure of some Austrian lands. The costs of maintaining the Russian army had to be covered by the inhabitants of the part of Galicia they occupied. The value of food, forage supplies and taxes collected to supply Russian troops, as well as requisitions, amounted at least to 5.87 million florins. That was a serious sum, all the more so because taxes had already been collected from Galicia and the supplies were transferred to the Austrian army. However, these burdens have not led to the collapse of the country’s economy. This was partly due to the fact that only the beneficiary of military supplies changed: the Russian army took the place of the Austrian army. The several-month stay of the Russian army in Galicia contributed to the weakening of the economic and military potential of the Habsburg monarchy at the final stage of the war of 1809, as the state was deprived of the inflow of financial and material resources from its north-eastern areas before the Treaty of Schönbrunn.
Pożegnanie z łotrem? Yuan Shikai w świetle nowych badań
Authors: Polit Jakub
Published: December 2020

Parting with a villain? Yuan Shikai in light of new research Yuan Shikai, the military strongman of late Qing Empire, talented administrator and reformer, crucial figure during the 1911 (Xinhai) Republican Revolution, president with dictatorial power and, finally, a self-proclaimed emperor, is the most controversial figure of 20th-century China. After his death during the civil war that his actions provoked, historiography (communist and non-communist) portrayed Yuan as traitor and chief villain. In following years Yuan was almost unanimously denounced by Soviet (S.L. Tikhvinsky, O. Nepomnin) and Western (L. Sharman, E. Hummel) historiography. His first biography, written by Jerome Ch’en in 1960, fully upheld this portrait. Significant studies (1968 and 1977) of Ernest P. Young, based on important primary sources, went unnoticed at the time. It was also the case with Stephen McKinnon’s volume on Yuan as brilliant Qing official in Tianjin and Beijing between 1901 and 1908. During the two last decades of the 20th century some smaller studies changed this unfavorable portrait. In the eyes of Marie-Claire Bergère, Madleine Ch’i, Luke Kwong and Henerietta Harrison, Yuan appears as a far-sighted statesman and defender of Chinese raison d’état. The last biography written by Patrick Fuliang Shan portrays Yuan as an extremely power-hungry and astute politician and as a conservative reformer and modernizer, at the same time. His political failure was both his personal tragedy and a catastrophe of the Chinese nation.
Polityka społeczna Niepodległej Rzeczypospolitej – budowa i ewolucja systemu
Authors: Grata Paweł
Published: December 2020

Social policy of the Independent Polish Republic: The construction and the evolution of the system Twenty years of independence turned out not to be long enough for the process of the construction of a coherent system of social policy to be finished. A complicated opening balance sheet, unfavourable economic and social structure of the state and, last but not least, a permanent lack of resources made it impossible to create a system which would satisfy existing needs. It remained in its construction phase and, though it was becoming more and more comprehensive, it was still extremely underfunded and flawed. This is confirmed by its limited coverage, which resulted from structural barriers. It was impossible to remedy this in the short interwar period, although the scale of problems and shortages was known. With time, social policy in Poland became a mature sphere of state activity, which is confirmed by the new objectives that currently lay before it, and by the regulatory and practical activities undertaken at the end of the 1930s.
W okresie powolnej modernizacji. Kobieta w II Rzeczypospolitej – próba bilansu
Authors: Dufrat Joanna
Published: December 2020

In the period of slow modernization: Women in the Second Republic of Poland – conclusions The First World War was an important factor in social modernization, bringing a new order of gender in public space. Among the most important changes in the situation of women in the post-war period, historians mention: obtaining full citizenship rights and broad access to education, increasing professional and educational aspirations, the evolution of intra-family relationships, increasing the proportion of active women, loosening of moral norms and a revolution in women’s fashion. Nevertheless, in the Second Republic, there was a visible widening of women’s life opportunities and increase of their independence in many areas of social life and in the public sphere. The granting of passive and active electoral law became the symbol of changes that took place in the social position of women after Poland regained its independence in November 1918. The aim of this article is to discuss the most important aspects of women’s participation in the political and social life of the Second Republic (1918–1939), as well as to follow social modernization processes in the context of women’s situation: labor market opportunities, educational aspirations, political activity, and changes in family and fashion. Another goal is the analysis of social structures that had the most powerful impact on women’s lives: tradition, economics, law.
Opinie profesorów i doktorów Wydziału Prawa Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego jako źródło badań nad stosowaniem Kodeksu Napoleona w Wolnym Mieście Krakowie
Authors: Dziadzio Andrzej
Published: December 2020

Opinions of the Professors and Doctors of the Faculty of Law of the Jagiellonian University as a Source for Research on the Application of the Napoleonic Code in the Free City of Krakow The article describes the consultative activities of the Professors and Doctors of the Faculty of Law of the Jagiellonian University in the years 1817–1833. On the basis of Article 15 of the 1815 Constitution of the Free City of Krakow, they examined whether it was admissible for the parties to the court proceedings to lodge a third instance appeals against the consistent decisions issued by both of the first instance court and the court of appeal. This was deemed to be possible if the judgements were found in violation of substantive civil law or important forms of court proceedings. I briefly describe the form of proceedings by the Faculty of Law, including the appointment of case clerks, the convening of meetings, and the procedure for passing resolutions. Based on extensive archival materials, stored in the Jagiellonian University Archives and the National Archive in Krakow, I reconstruct three such proceedings. They concerned provisions on the form of legal acts for evidence purposes (Article 1341 KN) and contracts with a private signature (Article 1325 KN), as well as a provision on matrimonial property relationships (Article 1443 KN). In the first case, the opinion of the Faculty of Law determined a correct line of jurisprudence, while in the second, its interpretation of the provision narrowed the code dimension of contract freedom and constrained the principle of pacta sunt servanda. The last opinion is an example of an incorrect interpretation of the Napoleonic Code.
Plan kodeksu cywilnego i projekt utworzenia komisji kodyfikacyjnej w pracach Komitetu Cywilnego Reformy (1814–1815). Edycja źródłowa
Authors: Gałędek Michał , Klimaszewska Anna , Pomianowski Piotr Z.
Published: December 2020

The Plan for the New Civil Code and the project for the establishment of the Codification Commission prepared for the Civil Reform Committee (1814–1815). Historical Source Edition As part of the source publication series begun in the second fascicle of the twelfth volume of Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa [Krakow Studies in History of State and Law], we are publishing this time documents related to the preparation of the Civil Reform Committee, which operated in 1814–1815, to develop a new national civil code to replace the Napoleonic Code: 1. Wstęp przy wprowadzeniu planu do kodeksu cywilnego [Introduction to the Plan of Implementation of the Civil Code], 2. Plan Bieńkowskiego do nowego kodeksu cywilnego [Bieńkowski’s Plan for the New Civil Code], 3. Projekt Linowskiego do uformowania komisji mającej wygotowaćKsięgęprawa cywilnego i procedury [Linowski’s Plan for Forming a Commission to Prepare a Book of Civil Law and Procedure] and fragments of minutes of the Civil Reform Committee sessions regarding this draft. Source material on matrimonial law published in two last issues of the „Krakow Studies”in 2019 differed from the documents published in this fascicle because they were intended to serve only a partial reform of the Napoleonic Code envisaged for a temporary period, until a new civil code was developed. Antoni Bieńkowski presented his Plan for Implementation of the Civil Code at the session held on 20th November, 1814, less than a month after presenting the drafts of matrimonial law to the Civil Reform Committee (23rd October). The introductory part of the Plan presents the general assumptions regarding the works. They are followed by a list of the planned chapters and a justification of the adopted order. The actual Plan itself (second document) lists the same titles of chapters, along with the issues that should be regulated in a given place, and then it indicates where the models to follow could be sought. The debate related to the presentation of Bieńkowski’s Plan and the scope of activities in this field entrusted to the Committee by Emperor Alexander, took place at sessions held from 17th to 24th November. It ended with the preparation of Aleksander Linowski’s Plan for Forming a Commission to Prepare a Book of Civil Law and Procedure on 27th November. This document planned three stages of codification works: first, a 9-member commission was to draft both codes, and then departmental deputies were to work on them (first personally, and then representatives of them, with some Committee members). The last stage of preparatory works was to be comprised of meetings of five senators and members of the Council of State with selected Committee members and a representatives of departmental deputies.