bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AI-Enhanced Personality Identification of Websites
Authors: Chishti Shafquat Ali , Ardekani Iman , Varastehpour Soheil
Published: October 2024

This paper addresses the challenge of objectively determining a website’s personality by developing a methodology based on automated quantitative analysis, thus avoiding the biases inherent in human surveys. Utilizing a database of 3000 websites, data extraction tools gather relevant data, which are then analyzed using Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, including machine learning (ML) and natural language processing. Four ML algorithms—K-means, Expectation Maximization, Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering, and DBSCAN—are implemented to assess and classify website personality traits. Each algorithm’s strengths and weaknesses are evaluated in terms of data organization, cluster flexibility, and handling of outliers. A software tool is developed to facilitate the research process, from database creation and data extraction to ML application and results analysis. Experimental validation, conducted with identical training and testing datasets, achieves a success rate of up to 94% (with an Error of ≤50%) in accurately identifying website personality, which is validated by subsequent surveys. The research highlights significant relationships between website attributes and personality traits, offering practical applications for website developers. For instance, developers can use these insights to design websites that align with business goals, enhance customer engagement, and foster brand loyalty. Additionally, the methodology can be applied to creating culturally resonant websites, thus supporting New Zealand’s cultural initiatives and promoting cross-cultural understanding. This research lays the groundwork for future studies and has broad applicability across various domains, demonstrating the potential for automated, unbiased website personality classification.
Navigating Climate Variability for the Pursuit of Transportation Infrastructure Sustainability: A Systematic Review
Authors: Islam Monirul , Kabir Golam
Published: October 2024

The increasing frequency and severity of climate variability poses substantial challenges to the sustainability and reliability of transportation infrastructure worldwide. Transportation systems, vital to economic and social activities, are highly vulnerable to extreme weather, sea-level rise, and temperature fluctuations, which can disrupt their structural integrity, operational efficiency, and maintenance needs. The aim of this study is to explore the scholarly landscape concerning the effects of climate variability on transportation systems, analyzing 23 years of scientific publications to assess research trends. Utilizing bibliometric methods, this analysis synthesizes data from numerous scientific publications to identify key trends, research hotspots, influential authors, and collaborative networks within this domain. This study highlights the growing acknowledgment of climate variability as a crucial factor affecting the design, maintenance, and operational resilience of transportation infrastructure. Key findings indicate a notable increase in research over the last decade, with a strong focus on the effects of extreme weather events, sea-level rise, and temperature changes. The analysis also shows a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating perspectives from civil engineering, environmental science, and policy studies. This comprehensive overview serves as a foundational resource for researchers and policymakers, aiming to enhance the adaptive capacity of transportation systems to climate variability through informed decision-making and strategic planning.
Feeding and Growth Response of Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) towards Different Host Plants
Authors: Ajmal Muhammad Saqib , Ali Sajjad , Jamal Aftab , Saeed Muhammad Farhan , Radicetti Emanuele , Civolani Stefano
Published: October 2024

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is a major migratory polyphagous insect pest of various crops. The essential nutrient and mineral profile of the host plants determines the feeding fitness of herbivorous insects. As a result, the growth and development of insects is affected. To determine the effect of the nutrient and mineral profile of different host plants (maize, castor bean, cotton, cabbage, okra, and sugarcane) on the growth and development of S. frugiperda, biological parameters like larval weight, pupal weight (male/female), and feeding and growth indices were calculated. The proximate compositions such as crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, and ash and mineral contents of the tested host plants showed significant differences (p < 0.05). The feeding indices on these host plants also differed significantly (p < 0.05). The maximum relative growth rate (RGR), relative consumption rate (RCR), and consumption index (CI) were recorded in S. frugiperda larvae that fed on maize and castor bean leaves. The crude protein, dry matter, and ash contents in maize and castor bean were significantly higher and positively correlated with the RGR and RCR of S. frugiperda larvae. The larval, male and female pupal weights were the maximum in the larvae feeding on the castor bean host plant. These findings provide novel information based on nutritional ecology to develop sustainable integrated pest management strategies using selective crop rotation.
Postoperative Opioid Administration and Prescription Practices Following Hysterectomy in Two Tertiary Care Centres: A Comparative Cohort Study between Canada and Austria
Authors: Schiefer Judith , Marschalek Julian , Djuric Djurdjica , Benlolo Samantha , Shore Eliane M. , Lefebvre Guylaine , Kuessel Lorenz , Worda Christof , Husslein Heinrich
Published: October 2024

Background: In light of the opioid epidemic, opioid-prescribing modalities for postoperative pain management have been discussed controversially and show a wide variation across geographic regions. The aim of this study was to compare postoperative pain treatment regimes. Methods: We performed a matched cohort study of women undergoing hysterectomy in Austria (n = 200) and Canada (n = 200). We aimed to compare perioperative opioid medications, converted to morphine equivalent dose (MED) and doses of non-opioid analgesic (NOA) within the first 24 h after hysterectomy, and opioid prescriptions at discharge between the two cohorts. Results: The total MED received intraoperatively, in the post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU) and during the first 24 h after surgery, was similar in both cohorts (145.59 vs. 137.87; p = 0.17). Women in the Austrian cohort received a higher MED intraoperatively compared to the Canadian cohort (117.24 vs. 79.62; p < 0.001) but a lower MED in the PACU (25.96 vs. 30.42; p = 0.04). The primary outcome, MED within 24 h in the postoperative ward, was markedly lower in the Austrian compared to the Canadian cohort (2.36 vs. 27.98; p < 0.001). In a regression analysis, only the variables “Country” and “mode of hysterectomy” affected this outcome. A total of 98.5% in the Canadian cohort were given an opioid prescription at discharge vs. 0% in the Austrian cohort. Conclusions: Our analysis reveals marked differences between Austria and Canada regarding pain management practices following elective hysterectomy; the significantly higher intraoperative and significantly lower postoperative MED administration in the Austrian cohort compared to the Canadian cohort seems to be significantly affected by each country’s cultural attitudes towards pain management; this may have significant public health consequences and warrants further research.
A Comprehensive Systematic Review on Functional Results, Speech and Swallowing Outcomes after Trans-Oral Robotic Surgery for Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Cancer
Authors: Guarino Pierre , Chiari Francesco , Cordeschi Sara , D’Alessio Pasquale , Ingelido Carla , Motta Giovanni , Presutti Livio , Molteni Gabriele , Caporale Claudio Donadio
Published: October 2024

Background: Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) is nowadays considered a valuable minimally invasive approach to treat oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). The aim of this technique is to improve functional preservation and reduce morbidity with excellent oncologic outcomes compared to the traditional transoral approach and chemoradiotherapy (CRT). The purpose of this systematic review is to assess an exhaustive overview of functional outcomes of TORS for OPSCC by evaluating several parameters reported in the available literature, such as the prevalence and dependence of tracheotomy, feeding tubes (FTs) and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG), the length of hospitalization, swallowing scores, speech tests and quality of life (QoL) questionnaires. Methods: A systematic literature review has been performed following the PRISMA 2020 checklist statement. A computer-aided search was carried out using an extensive set of queries on the Embase/PubMed, Scopus and Web of Sciences databases relating to papers published from 2007 to 2024. Results: A total of 28 papers were systematically reviewed, reporting 1541 patients’ data. The mean time of hospitalization was 6 days. A planned tracheotomy was performed in 8% of patients with a mean time of removal of 8 days. The prevalence and dependence of FT was 60% and 10%, respectively. Moreover, the presence of a high-stage T tumor with the contextual requirement of adjuvant therapies, the involvement of base tongues and the patient’s age being >55 years increased the risk of requiring an FT and PEG. Swallowing and long-term QoL outcomes highlight the superiority of the TORS approach alone compared to TORS with adjuvant therapies. Conclusions: TORS presented various favorable functional outcomes compared to other surgical approaches and primary CRT. However, adjuvant therapies after TORS strongly reduced the advantage of the robotic procedure, thus suggesting that T1 and T2 tumors may benefit mainly from TORS alone.
Effect of Cognitive Decline on Mandibular Movement during Mastication in Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Nakayama Enri , Tohara Haruka , Kimura Masanori , Koide Iki , Abe Kimiko , Yonenaga Kazumichi
Published: October 2024

Background: Many studies have reported on the relationship between cognitive and masticatory functions. However, it remains unclear how the mandibular movements change during chewing in facility residents as dementia progresses. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between a kinematic analysis of mandibular movement during mastication and cognitive function in facility residents. Methods: Sixty-three participants were included from two long-term care facilities. The primary outcome variable was the kinematic data of mandibular movement during mastication. The participants chewed rice crackers, and their faces were recorded during this motion. The partial correlation coefficient between kinematic data and cognitive function was calculated. Furthermore, group comparisons were performed after dividing the participants into three groups based on their cognitive function. Results: Circular motion frequency was significantly correlated with the ABC dementia scale, even after adjusting for the appendicular skeletal muscle index, Eichner index, and short-form mini-nutritional assessment. The cycle and circular motion frequencies were markedly lower in the severe dementia group than in the mild dementia group. Conclusions: With declining cognitive function, mandibular movements during mastication decrease in circular motion and increase in linear motion. Additionally, our results suggested that residents with severe cognitive impairment had more linear mandibular motions during mastication than those with mild cognitive impairment. This may make it more difficult for residents with cognitive decline to ingest normal solid foods.
Prediction of Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Particle-Reinforced Resin Composites
Authors: Rooney K. , Dong Y. , Basak A. K. , Pramanik A.
Published: October 2024

This review explores fundamental analytical modelling approaches using conventional composite theory and artificial intelligence (AI) to predict mechanical properties of 3D printed particle-reinforced resin composites via digital light processing (DLP). Their mechanisms, advancement, limitations, validity, drawbacks and feasibility are critically investigated. It has been found that conventional Halpin-Tsai model with a percolation threshold enables the capture of nonlinear effect of particle reinforcement to effectively predict mechanical properties of DLP-based resin composites reinforced with various particles. The paper further explores how AI techniques, such as machine learning and Bayesian neural networks (BNNs), enhance prediction accuracy by extracting patterns from extensive datasets and providing probabilistic predictions with confidence intervals. This review aims to advance a better understanding of material behaviour in additive manufacturing (AM). It demonstrates exciting potential for performance enhancement of 3D printed particle-reinforced resin composites, employing the optimisation of both material selection and processing parameters. It also demonstrates the benefit of combining empirical models with AI-driven analytics to optimise material selection and processing parameters, thereby advancing material behaviour understanding and performance enhancement in AM applications.
The Influence of Home-Court Advantage in Elite Basketball: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mochales Cuesta Ignacio , Jiménez-Sáiz Sergio L. , Kelly Adam L. , Bustamante-Sánchez Álvaro
Published: October 2024

Background: This systematic review analyzes the factors that influence home advantage in basketball across various competitions in the United States and Europe. Methods: Through an investigation of English- and Spanish-language articles published in EBSCO, Scopus, Consensus, and Web of Science between 2010 and 2024 related to home advantage in basketball, 1682 articles were initially identified. After applying specific filters to ensure that only articles concerning National Basketball Association (NBA), Women’s National Basketball Association (WNBA), Euroleague, Spanish basketball, and European basketball were considered, 39 articles met the final requirements for in-depth analysis. Results: The studies analyzed in this review suggested that player performance, player position, and sleep influenced home advantage in competitions in Europe and the United States. Fan behavior had a bigger impact in European competitions, where teams from capital cities have a lower home advantage. In the United States, where teams must travel long distances to play, several studies indicated that teams traveling eastwards tend to perform more strongly than teams traveling westwards. Also of note is that, in many cases, COVID-19 pandemic restrictions reduced home advantage. Conclusions: This review identifies factors contributing to home advantage in basketball, compares competitions in different regions, and proposes ideas for future research such as a greater focus on women’s competitions, the impact of television, and the introduction of new performance indicators.
Flexural Analysis of Additively Manufactured Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Honeycomb Sandwich Structures
Authors: Guerra Silva Rafael , Gonzalez Esteban , Inostroza Andres , Morales Pavez Gustavo
Published: October 2024

This study explores the flexural behavior of continuous fiber-reinforced composite sandwich structures built entirely using material extrusion additive manufacturing. The continuous fiber additive manufacturing system used in this study works sequentially, thus enabling the addition of fiber reinforcement just in the face sheets, where it is most effective. Three-point bending tests were carried out on sandwich panel specimens built using thermoplastic reinforced with continuous glass fiber to quantify the effect of fiber reinforcement and infill density in the flexural properties and failure mode. Sandwich structures containing continuous fiber reinforcement had higher flexural strength and rigidity than unreinforced sandwiches. On the other hand, an increase in the lattice core density did not improve the flexural strength and rigidity. The elastic modulus of fiber-reinforced 3D-printed sandwich panels exceeded the predictions of the analytical models; the equivalent homogeneous model had the best performance, with a 15% relative error. However, analytical models could not correctly predict the failure mode: wrinkle failure occurs at 75% and 30% of the critical load in fiber-reinforced sandwiches with low- and high-density cores, respectively. Furthermore, no model is currently available to predict interlayer debonding between the matrix and the thermoplastic coating of fiber layers. Divergences between analytical models and experimental results could be attributed to the simplifications in the models that do not consider defects inherent to additive manufacturing, such as air gaps and poor interlaminar bonding.
Global Pipe Optimization for Ship Engine Room
Authors: Utomo Allessandro , Hotta Toranosuke , Taniguchi Naokazu , Yoshimoto Tadashi , Tanabe Yoshitaka , Shimizu Takanobu , Gunawan  , Hamada Kunihiro
Published: October 2024

Pipe routing in ship design presents significant challenges because of its time-consuming nature and the need for considerable attention to detail. In recent years, the decreasing number of pipe designers has impacted the quality of pipe-routing designs. However, optimizing pipe routing is crucial for reducing construction costs and ship production time. This study focused on optimizing the procedure and routes, considering over 500 pipes throughout the engine room of an 82,000-ton Panamax bulk carrier with three decks. Procedure optimization was based on a genetic algorithm and a system that considered individual pipe characteristics, such as type, diameter, and length. For pipe-route optimization, we used the Dijkstra algorithm, which aims to provide the shortest pipe routing by minimizing branching, bending, crossing, and obstacle avoidance. Pipe-routing optimization was divided into “basic” and “detailed” designs to derive rough and detailed routes, respectively. The basic design allowed intersections and horizontal bending, while the detailed design provided a route without intersections and minimized all bending. The optimized design was compared with pipe routing designed by diameter and shorter-path orders. In ship construction, pipe-routing optimization reduced the overall cost of pipe routing by 7% compared to other systems that typically use diameter and shortest-route orders. The study’s findings highlight the practical cost benefits and potential applications of the pipe-routing process in ship construction.
Geochemical Tracing of Seabed Hydrocarbon Seepage in the Yantai Depression, South Yellow Sea Basin
Authors: Wang Jianqiang , Zhang Yuxi , Zhang Jian , Liang Jie , Zhao Qingfang , Dong Heping
Published: October 2024

Widespread submarine hydrocarbon seepage can form complex fluid seepage characteristics, with submarine sediment geochemistry effectively recording seepage activities and fluid component changes due to hydrocarbon seepage. This is crucial for offshore oil and gas exploration and understanding global climate change. Therefore, using the geochemical information of submarine sediments to trace hydrocarbon seepage activities is of great significance. In order to identify the geochemical anomaly characteristics and genetic types of acid-hydrolyzed hydrocarbons in submarine sediments in the Yantai Depression of the South Yellow Sea Basin, Eastern China, and to explore the relationship between these anomalies and deep oil and gas, geochemical columnar samples were taken at 100 stations in the study area. A total of 100 sets of acid-hydrolyzed hydrocarbon data and 26 sets of carbon isotope data were analyzed. The results show that the content of acid-hydrolyzed hydrocarbons at each station is in the following order: methane (AC1) > ethane (AC2) > propane (AC3) > butane (AC4) > pentane (AC5). The determination coefficient between the saturated hydrocarbon indicators exceeds 0.9, indicating that these components have the same source. Data analysis reveals that the genetic type of hydrocarbon gases in the study area is generally thermogenic, with limited microbial contribution to saturated hydrocarbons, indicating deep oil and gas characteristics. The coincidence between the anomalous areas and geological structures indicates that the distribution of these anomalies is closely related to fault distribution.
Evaluation of ACR TI-RADS for Predicting Malignancy in Thyroid Nodules: Insights from Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology and Histopathology Results
Authors: Alsibani Ahmed , Alessa Mohammed , Alwadi Fahad , Alotaibi Shams , Alfaleh Hana , Moshibah Ali M. , Alqahtani Abdullah M. , AlQahtani Abdulwahed , Almayouf Mohammad , Aldhahri Saleh F. , Al-Qahtani Khalid Hussain
Published: October 2024

The American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR TI-RADS) stratifies patients with thyroid nodules for further evaluation. We evaluated the accuracy of this risk stratification and compared it with that of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and final pathology. The nodules (n = 381) of 329 patients (mean age, 45.5 y; 251 female) who underwent thyroid surgery from January 2021 to September 2023 were retrospectively analyzed for the ACR TI-RADS, FNAC, and final pathology results. The nodules were categorized according to risk of malignancy as 75.9% ACR TI-RADS 5, 72.6% ACR TI-RADS 4, 38.9% ACR TI-RADS 3, and 33.3% ACR TI-RADS 2. Considering ACR TI-RADS 5 and 4 as high-risk categories, the sensitivity, specificity, positive-predictive value, and negative-predictive value of the ACR TI-RADS categories were 77.9%, 57.3%, 73.8%, and 62.8%, respectively. With both ACR TI-RADS and FNAC high-risk categories combined, the sensitivity and specificity improved to 82.4% and 58.6%, respectively. The ACR TI-RADS score effectively predicts malignancy in higher-risk categories; however, some malignant cases were found within lower-risk categories, implying the need for careful utilization of this system. Combining high-risk ACR TI-RADS and FNAC results improves the diagnostic accuracy of thyroid nodules. Confirmation from further prospective studies is required.
The Toxic Effects of Petroleum Diesel, Biodiesel, and Renewable Diesel Exhaust Particles on Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells
Authors: Uski Oskari J. , Rankin Gregory , Wingfors Håkan , Magnusson Roger , Boman Christoffer , Lindgren Robert , Muala Ala , Blomberg Anders , Bosson Jenny A. , Sandström Thomas
Published: October 2024

The use of alternative diesel fuels has increased due to the demand for renewable energy sources. There is limited knowledge regarding the potential health effects caused by exhaust emissions from biodiesel- and renewable diesel-fueled engines. This study investigates the toxic effects of particulate matter (PM) emissions from a diesel engine powered by conventional petroleum diesel fuel (SD10) and two biodiesel and renewable diesel fuels in vitro. The fuels used were rapeseed methyl ester (RME), soy methyl ester (SME), and Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil (HVO), either pure or as 50% blends with SD10. Additionally, a 5% RME blend was also used. The highest concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions and elemental carbon (EC) was found in conventional diesel and the 5% RME blend. HVO PM samples also exhibited a high amount of EC. A dose-dependent genotoxic response was detected with PM from SD10, pure SME, and RME as well as their blends. Reactive oxygen species levels were several times higher in cells exposed to PM from SD10, pure HVO, and especially the 5% RME blend. Apoptotic cell death was observed in cells exposed to PM from SD10, 5% RME blend, the 50% SME blend, and HVO samples. In conclusion, all diesel PM samples, including biodiesel and renewable diesel fuels, exhibited toxicity.
Designing the First Rosarium in Serbia to Fulfill Environmental, Societal, and Economical Purposes
Authors: Čurčić Milana , Narandžić Tijana , Božanić Tanjga Biljana , Grubač Milica , Pušić Devai Magdalena , Šarac Veljko , Ljubojević Mirjana
Published: October 2024

Specialized botanical gardens such as a rose garden, or rosarium, play a significant role due to their multifunctional nature surpassing simple gene bank assembly. Thus, this study conducted a detailed analysis of a rose garden through field and desk research, SWOT analysis, and ecosystem services assessment, aiming to determine the major strengths and opportunities, as well as weaknesses and threats that can promote or constrain the establishment of the first national rosarium in Serbia. After the analysis, the need for complete green area reconstruction arose to achieve both attractiveness and usefulness. Featuring old varieties, wild species, and companies’ own specific rose collections, the proposed garden has the potential to contribute major ecosystem services reflected in environmental, societal, and economic purposes. Owing to the uniqueness of the breeding program and collections created in the past decade, specific thematic parts—open field or greenhouse classroom, ‘roses under the glass bell’, abundant river flow, pollinators’ shelter, taste garden, and scent garden—are envisaged in the future exemplary rosarium that would not be only a classroom but a showroom for interested nurseries, small-scale functional food producers, flower shops, or amateur gardeners that would become aware of new cultivars and expand their marketing and utilization.
Conflict or Coordination? Ecosystem Services Supply and Demand in Chinese Urban Agglomerations
Authors: Liu Luwen , Wu Jiahui , Yang Liyan , Tang Guiling , Chen Wanxu , Wu Haifeng , Chen Yan
Published: October 2024

Urban agglomerations (UAs), which play a significant role in socioeconomic development and urbanization, are confronted with mounting ecological stress and a profound global imbalance in ecosystem services (ES). Understanding the conflict and coordination of knowledge about ES supply and demand (ESSD) can facilitate more efficacious guidance on the ecological sustainable development of UAs. Nevertheless, the characteristics of the conflict and coordination relationship between ESSD in Chinese UAs remain unclear, and further investigation into the interactive coercive relationship between ESSD is warranted. Consequently, we employed spatial regression and coupled coordination models to elucidate the conflict and coordination relationship between ESSD, utilizing multi-source data on Chinese UAs from 2000 to 2020. We found that ES supply in the UAs decreased, while ES demand increased. Furthermore, the coupling coordination degree between ESSD demonstrated an increase trend. The overall coupling coordination degrees between ESSD in UAs were 0.260, 0.285, and 0.311 in 2000, 2010, and 2020, respectively. The central UAs were identified as stress areas, whereas the peripheral areas were classified as non-stress areas. This study offered valuable insights into the interactive relationship between ESSD in UAs and provided a basis for formulating differentiated policies for the sustainable development of ecosystems and human activities.
Correlations between Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) and Prognosis in Patients with Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Authors: Drago Silvia Girolama , Maino Cesare , Giandola Teresa Paola , Franco Paolo Niccolò , Corso Rocco , Talei Franzesi Cammillo , Pecorelli Anna , Ippolito Davide
Published: October 2024

Background: the aim of this study is to assess the performance of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in predicting the response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (CRT) and outcome in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Materials and Methods: ninety-four patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pre- and post-neoadjuvant treatment were retrospectively enrolled. Three regions of interest (ROIs) were manually drawn on three different slices of the tumor for every DWI sequence. ROIs were positioned to include only high signal areas and avoid artifacts or necrotic areas. ROIs were automatically copied onto the corresponding ADC maps and the system derived three different ADC values, distinguishing between mean, maximum, and minimum values, and the standard deviation (SD). Only mean ADC values were considered. After surgical intervention, pTNM and the Mandard tumor regression grade (TRG) were obtained. Patients with a TRG of 1–2 were classified as responders, while patients with a TRG from 3 to 5 were classified as non-responders. Results: no correlation was found between pre-ADC values and TRG classes, while post-ADC and ΔADC values showed a significant correlation with TRG classes (r = −0.285, p = 0.002 and r = −0.290, p = 0.019, respectively). Post-ADC values were statistically different between responders and non-responders (p = 0.019). When considering the relation between overall survival (OS) and ADC values, pre-ADC showed a negative correlation with OS (r = −0.381, p = 0.001), while a positive correlation was found between ΔADC values and OS (r = 0.323, p = 0.013). According to ΔADC values, the mean OS time between responders and non-responders showed a significant difference (p = 0.030). A statistical difference was found between TRG classes and OS (p = 0.038) and by dividing patients in responders and non-responders (p = 0.019). Conclusions: the pre-ADC and ΔADC values could be used as useful predictors for patient prognosis, thus helping the treatment planning. On the other hand, the post-ADC values, thanks to their relationship with the TRG classes, could be the ideal tool to predict the histopathological response and plan a conservative approach to the treatment of rectal cancer.
Investigating the Hepatic Response to Orlistat and White Tea in Rats on a High-Fat Diet
Authors: Ciftel Serpil , Klisic Aleksandra , Ciftel Enver , Mercantepe Tolga , Yilmaz Adnan , Ciftel Sedat , Pinarbas Esra , Toraman Merve Nur , Mercantepe Filiz
Published: October 2024

High-fat diets have detrimental health impacts that increase the likelihood of developing obesity and metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to examine the potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of orlistat and white tea in rats fed a high-fat diet. Thirty-two rats were randomized into four groups: control (standard diet), HFD (high-fat diet), HFD+Orlistat (high-fat diet+orlistat), and HFD+WT (high-fat diet+white tea extract). A significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and a decrease in total thiol (TT) levels were detected in the HFD group (p < 0.001). On the other hand, a decrease in the MDA level (p < 0.001) and an increase in the TT level were observed in the orlistat and white tea groups compared with those in the HFD group (p < 0.001). Histopathological examinations revealed that, compared with the HFD alone, orlistat and white tea reduced fat accumulation, prevented degenerative changes in hepatocytes, and decreased the histopathological damage score (p = 0.001). Immunohistochemical examinations of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB/p65) revealed that compared with the HFD, orlistat and white tea reduced immunopositivity (p = 0.001). White tea decreases lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. Both white tea and orlistat decreased fat formation and inflammation in the liver and regulated inflammation by reducing Nf-kB positivity. Nevertheless, further research is needed to assess their impact on human subjects.
A Multi-Stakeholder Information System for Traffic Restriction Management
Authors: Malafaia Maria Inês , Ribeiro Joel , Fontes Tânia
Published: October 2024

Background: In many urban areas, 80% to 90% of pollutant emissions are generated by road traffic, particularly from heavy vehicles. With the anticipated surge in e-commerce logistics, the need for effective urban mobility control measures has become urgent, focusing on traffic restrictions and efficient enforcement tools. This work introduces Log-ON, a multi-stakeholder information system designed to facilitate the implementation and management of sustainable traffic restrictions. Methods: The proposed system was developed through extensive literature reviews, expert consultations, and feedback from logistics fleet managers. User-centered mock-ups were created for various stakeholders, including the public, regulatory authorities, logistics operators, and enforcement agencies, ensuring that the system effectively addresses a diverse set of needs. Results: By taking into account a wide range of influencing factors, Log-ON functions as a decision-support tool designed to optimize access restrictions for vehicles, particularly heavy vehicles, in urban environments. Conclusions: Log-ON’s adoption promises significant improvements in urban mobility by reducing traffic-related pollution and fostering healthier, cleaner cities. However, traffic restrictions could increase delivery costs, potentially disrupting logistics operations. To address this, the development of new business models for last-mile delivery is essential, ensuring that sustainable traffic management strategies align with the economic challenges faced by logistics providers.
Biomimetic Modular Honeycomb with Enhanced Crushing Strength and Flexible Customizability
Authors: Shen Lumin , Wu Yuanzhi , Ye Tuo , Gao Tianyu , Zheng Shanmei , Long Zhihao , Ren Xi , Zhang Huangyou , Huang Junwen , Liu Kai
Published: October 2024

The integration of biomimetic principles into the sophisticated design of honeycomb structures has gained significant traction. Inspired by the natural reinforcement mechanisms observed in tree stems, this research introduces localized thickening to the conventional honeycombs, leading to the development of variable-density honeycomb blocks. These blocks are strategically configured to form modular honeycombs. Initially, the methodology for calculating the relative density of the new design is meticulously detailed. Following this, a numerical model based on the plastic limit theorem, verified experimentally, is used to investigate the in-plane deformation models of modular honeycomb under the low- and high-velocity impact and to establish a theoretical framework for compressive strength. The results confirm that the theoretical predictions for crushing strength in the modular honeycomb align closely with numerical findings across both low- and high-velocity impacts. Further investigation into densification strain, energy absorption, and gradient strategy is conducted using both simulation and experimental approaches. The outcomes indicate that the innovative design outperforms conventional honeycombs by significantly enhancing the crushing strength under low-velocity impacts through the judicious arrangement of honeycomb blocks. Additionally, with a negligible difference in densification strains, the modular honeycomb demonstrates superior energy dissipation capabilities compared to its conventional counterparts. At a strain of 0.85, the modular honeycomb’s energy absorption capacity improves by 36.68% at 1 m/s and 25.47% at 10 m/s compared to the conventional honeycomb. By meticulously engineering the arrangement of sub-honeycombs, it is possible to develop a modular honeycomb that exhibits a multi-plateau stress response under uniaxial and biaxial compression. These advancements are particularly beneficial to the development of auto crash absorption systems, high-end product transportation packaging, and personalized protective gear.
[MnIII6MnIINaI2], [MnIII3MnIINaI], and [MnIII3] Clusters Derived from Schiff Bases: Syntheses, Structures, and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Löhr Johannes , Font-Bardia Mercè , Mayans Júlia , Escuer Albert
Published: October 2024

The reaction of manganese halides with polydentate Schiff bases obtained by the condensation of 3-ethoxysalicylaldehyde and different amino alcohols, resulting in a NO3 set of donors, yielded a series of manganese clusters with {MnIII6MnIINa2}, {MnIII3MnIINa}, and {MnIII3} metallic cores. The influence of the ligand substituents and the halide on the final nuclearity has been studied. Analysis of their static magnetic behaviour confirms the ground states of 19/2 for the {MnIII6MnIINa2} complexes, 7/2 for the {MnIII3MnIINa} clusters, and 12/2 for the triangular {MnIII3} systems, and a weak field induced a slow relaxation of the magnetization for the trinuclear complexes.
Adaptive Differential Evolution with the Stagnation Termination Mechanism
Authors: Liu Yuhong , Zheng Liming , Cai Bohan
Published: October 2024

Differential evolution is capable of searching for the optimum for different types of optimization problems with a few inputs, which has gained worldwide popularity. In this paper, we propose a parameters adaptation scheme based on the stagnation ratio (PASR), which regards the stagnation ratio (STR) as the indicator for adjusting the control parameters and greediness parameter. To be specific, when the STR is larger than the predefined threshold, exploration is advocated. In this circumstance, larger control parameters and a greediness parameter are adopted. However, when the STR is smaller than the predefined threshold, exploitation is preferred. In this case, smaller control parameters and a greediness parameter are utilized. Further, when the stagnation lasts for a long period, a generation-based selection (GBS) scheme is developed to help it escape from the local optimum and stagnation. Comparative experiments have been implemented on the CEC2017 to testify the effectiveness of adaptive differential evolution with the stagnation termination mechanism (STMDE) and its components. The competitiveness of the STMDE is also verified via comparing it to top-performing DE variants in the practical optimization problem selected from the CEC2011.
Dimensional Synthesis of the Compliant Mechanism Using the Parametric Fuzzy Form of the Freudenstein Equation
Authors: Alhindi Ahmed , Chew Meng-Sang
Published: October 2024

The dimensional synthesis of compliant mechanisms (CMs) leverages the flexibility of their components to achieve precise motion and functionality. This study introduces a novel approach using the parametric fuzzy form of the Freudenstein equation with triangular fuzzy numbers (TFNs) to address the complexities and uncertainties inherent in CM design. By integrating fuzzy logic with advanced computational techniques such as Newton’s method, the proposed methodology offers a robust framework for synthesizing CMs that can adapt to varying conditions. This approach enables the creation of flexible links modeled as fuzzy regions, allowing for optimized performance and reliability across a range of operational scenarios. Numerical examples illustrate the practical application and efficacy of the proposed methods, highlighting significant improvements in the design and synthesis of CMs. The integration of fuzzy logic in the synthesis process not only enhances the resilience of the mechanisms but also paves the way for future advancements in the field. This study demonstrates the potential of fuzzy logic principles in optimizing CM designs, ensuring they meet specific functional requirements with high precision.
Lie Symmetry Analysis, Closed-Form Solutions, and Conservation Laws for the Camassa–Holm Type Equation
Authors: Bodibe Jonathan Lebogang , Khalique Chaudry Masood
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we study the Camassa–Holm type equation, which has applications in mathematical physics and engineering. Its applications extend across disciplines, contributing to our understanding of complex systems and helping to develop innovative solutions in diverse areas of research. Our main aim is to construct closed-form solutions of the equation using a powerful technique, namely the Lie group analysis method. Firstly, we derive the Lie point symmetries of the equation. Thereafter, the equation is reduced to non-linear ordinary differential equations using symmetry reductions. Furthermore, the solutions of the equation are derived using the extended Jacobi elliptic function technique, the simplest equation method, and the power series method. In conclusion, we construct conservation laws for the equation using Noether’s theorem and the multiplier approach, which plays a crucial role in understanding the behavior of non-linear equations, especially in physics and engineering, and these laws are derived from fundamental principles such as the conservation of mass, energy, momentum, and angular momentum.
The Cardiometabolic Risk in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS): From Pathophysiology to Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Pililis Sotirios , Lampsas Stamatios , Kountouri Aikaterini , Pliouta Loukia , Korakas Emmanouil , Livadas Sarantis , Thymis John , Peppa Melpomeni , Kalantaridou Sophia , Oikonomou Evangelos , Ikonomidis Ignatios , Lambadiari Vaia
Published: October 2024

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age, with significant variations in presentation characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian morphology. Beyond reproductive health, it may also pose crucial long-term cardiometabolic risks, especially for women with specific types of PCOS, contributing to early subclinical cardiovascular atherosclerotic alterations such as endothelial dysfunction, increased arterial stiffness, and coronary artery calcium levels, respectively. Moreover, the precise relationship between clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) and PCOS remains debated, with studies demonstrating an elevated risk while others report no significant association. This review investigates the pathophysiology of PCOS, focusing on insulin resistance and its link to subclinical and clinical cardiovascular disease. Diagnostic challenges and novel management strategies, including lifestyle interventions, medications like metformin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), hormonal contraceptives, and bariatric surgery, are further discussed. Recognizing the cardiometabolic risks associated with PCOS, a comprehensive approach and early intervention should address both the reproductive and cardiometabolic dimensions of the syndrome.
Analysis of the Association between Telomere Length and Neurological Disability in Stroke Types
Authors: Lee Sang-Hun , Kim Tae-Kwon , Yoo Jong-Hoon , Park Hyung-Jong , Kim Jae-Hyun , Lee Jae-Ho
Published: October 2024

Background and Objectives: The association between neurological disability, prognosis, and telomere length (TL) in patients with stroke has been investigated in various ways. However, analysis of the type of stroke and ischemic stroke subgroups is limited. In this study, we aimed to determine the association between TL and neurological disability according to stroke type. Materials and Methods: This prospective study included patients with stroke who visited a single-center emergency department (ED) between January 2022 and December 2023. The association between TL and neurological disabilities, using the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), was evaluated according to the patient’s stroke type and subgroup of ischemic stroke. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine the association between neurological disabilities in patients with ischemic stroke and the subgroups. Results: A total of 271 patients with stroke were enrolled. The NIHSS score was found to be higher at the time of ED visit (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 5.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.59–17.2, p < 0.01) and 1 day later (adjusted OR, 7.78; 95% CI, 1.97–30.70, p < 0.01) in the ischemic stroke group with a short TL. In the other determined etiology (OD) or undetermined etiology (UD) group, the NIHSS was higher in the short TL group at the ED visit (adjusted OR, 7.89; 95% CI, 1.32–47.25, p = 0.02) and 1 day after (adjusted OR, 7.02; 95% CI, 1.14–43.47, p = 0.04). Conclusions: TL is associated with neurological disability in early ischemic stroke and is prominent in the UD and OD subgroups.
Characterizing CD133 and NANOG Expression in Melanoma: Associations with Histological and Epidemiological Parameters
Authors: Sabău Adrian-Horațiu , Niculescu Raluca , Cocuz Iuliu-Gabriel , Tinca Andreea-Cătălina , Szöke Andreea Raluca , Lazar Bianca Andreea , Chiorean Diana Maria , Budin Corina Eugenia , Tomuț Alexandru Nicușor , Cotoi Ovidiu Simion
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Melanoma is an aggressive skin malignancy, and the majority of deaths associated with melanoma result from malignant skin lesions. Our study aims to evaluate the expression of the markers CD133 and NANOG, associated with tumor stem cells, and to analyze their link with epidemiological and histological parameters, thus contributing to early diagnosis and the development of targeted therapies. Methods: We performed a retrospective study in the Mureș Clinical County Hospital, Romania, which included 66 cases of melanoma: 50 primary cutaneous melanomas, 10 metastases, and 6 local recurrences. CD133 and NANOG marker expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry and quantified using the H score. Statistical analyses were applied to determine the correlations between marker expression and clinicopathological parameters. Results: CD133 expression was identified in six cases (12%) of primary melanoma, with a mean H-Score of 29, and was associated with an increased Breslow index and a higher number of mitoses. NANOG expression was positive in 30 cases (60%) of primary melanoma, with a median H-Score of 15 and with increased expression observed in cases with pagetoid migration and lesions in situ. In metastases, eight cases (80%) were positive for NANOG and four (40%) for CD133. Local recurrences showed positive expression for NANOG in four cases (66%). Conclusions: The expression of CD133 and NANOG markers highlights the role of tumor stem cells in melanoma progression. Early identification of these markers could improve diagnosis and treatment, including the application of targeted therapies.
The Long-Term Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of Cerclage Cable Fixation for Displaced Acetabular Fractures Using a Posterior Approach: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kuwahara Yutaro , Takemoto Genta , Mitsuya So , Yamauchi Ken-ichi
Published: October 2024

Background and Objectives: Cerclage cable fixation with 2 mm multiple-braided cables for displaced acetabular fractures has shown good midterm functional and radiographic outcomes. We retrospectively evaluated the clinical and radiographic outcomes of cerclage cable fixations over ten years. Materials and Methods: We extracted data for patients who underwent cerclage cable fixation for acetabular fractures at a single institution from 2007 to 2012. We adopted this procedure for acetabulum fractures with posterior column fractures. Postoperative reduction quality, complications, reoperations, and Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) hip objective functional scores were analyzed. Postoperative reduction quality was classified using plain radiography and computed tomography. Results: We evaluated nine patients with a mean follow-up period of 14.1 ± 2.6 years (range: 10.8–18.1 years). The mean age was 47.1 ± 15.5 years old (range: 28–74 years); the mean injury severity score was 13.6 ± 4.7 (range: 9–22). The most frequent type of fracture was a both-column fracture. Anatomical reduction quality was achieved in five cases. Four patients had hip osteoarthritis at the last follow-up; among them, one patient had worsening hip arthritis > 5 years after surgery, and one patient developed osteoarthritis > 10 years after surgery. Their postoperative reduction quality was worse than their anatomical reduction quality, and both engaged in physical labor. None of the patients underwent revision total hip arthroplasty. The mean JOA hip score was 90.9 ± 7.9 (range: 74–100); seven patients scored >90 at the last follow-up. Conclusions: Cerclage cable fixation showed satisfactory postoperative reductions and favorable long-term clinical outcomes. Long-term follow-up might be necessary for patients whose postoperative reduction is not anatomical to detect late occurrence of hip osteoarthritis, even if osteoarthritis is not evident during short-term follow-up periods.