bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gross Enrolment Ratio in Higher Education: A District Level Analysis of the State of West Bengal
Authors: Mitra Debjani , Ghara Tushar K.
Published: August 2021

Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) is the number of students enrolled in a given level of education, expressed as a percentage of the official age group of the population corresponding to the same level of education. In the state of West Bengal, GER in higher education for the age group 18 -23 years is 18.7%, which is far below the national average of 25.8% for 2017-2018. There is a large variation in GER across different districts and among male and female. An effort has been made through this paper to study the spatio temporal variation in GER among the districts of West Bengal. To study the gender disparity in GER in the districts of West Bengal Gender Parity Index (GPI) is calculated. Among the districts of West Bengal, Kolkata has recorded highest GER in higher education in all the years and Uttar Dinajpur has recorded the lowest GER throughout the years (2012 to 2018). GPI in gross enrolment in greater than unity in 14 out of 19 districts of the state.
A Context Specific Framework for Measurement of Empowerment Attained from Poverty Reduction Intervention
Authors: Paul Jose P.
Published: August 2021

Empowerment measured in the context of poverty reduction program introduced in distinct settings world over demands different measurement frameworks. Empowerment is one of the most disputed concepts to be handled while interpreting the benefits of poverty interventions. It is, therefore, important to state clearly how the concept will be interpreted and evaluated in each context. The current discussion is about the framework devised for the State of Kerala, one of the most advanced states in the largest democracy in the world, India. The framework becomes relevant because of the several unique features of the state of Kerala, which are quite distinctive from many other places where microfinance has been found to be successful. The paper discusses a conceptual framework for measuring the level of empowerment resulting from microfinance in the State of Kerala.
Goods and Services Tax (GST): A Revolutionary Step towards Economic Unification
Authors: Akhil M. P.
Published: August 2021

GST is a comprehensive tax system that subsumed all indirect taxes of states and central governments and unified economy into a seamless national market .Under the erstwhile indirect tax regime, there were a number of taxes. Prof. Kelkar Committee has proposed a uniform Goods and Services Tax (GST) to do away with the issues and problems of VAT. Based on Kelkar Committee recommendations, the Govt of India has brought a Bill in 2011 through the Constitution (115th Amendment) (GST) Bill, 2011. However the bill was not passed due to dissolution of 15th Lok Sabha. Again, Constitution (122nd Amendment) (GST) Bill, 2014 was presented in the Lok Sabha and this Bill has been passed in the Lok Sabha as well as Rajyasabha. Goods and service tax is a new story of VAT which gives a widespread setoff for input tax credit and subsuming many indirect taxes from state and national level. The Government’s GST regime seeks to replace excise duty, import duties, VAT and service tax regulations, along with other Cess and surcharges, with three separate legislations namely CGST, SGST and IGST. GST would be applicable to all transactions of goods and service, and it to be paid to the accounts of the Centre and the States separately. The biggest advantage of GST is economic unification of India. It has potential to end the longstanding distortions arising out of the differential treatment of the manufacturing and service sectors. It is an issue if people are still unaware or confuse with the tax system of GST and become worst when people ignore and boycott not to pay the tax.
Index of Destination Choice: A Framework for Ranking Nations According to Preference for Destination
Authors: Paul Jose P.
Published: August 2021

The present paper is about framing an index to evaluate and rank the countries world over according to the choices of the tourists as their destinations. Most of the literature on the evaluation of the performance of Tourism sector fails to provide a methodology to rank the various countries of the world according to some robust index. This paper is an attempt to fill this gap. Drawing on the secondary data on indicators related to tourism from various organizations, an index, namely, Index of Destination Choice (IDC)has been devised. This index is based on indicators representing five sub dimensions that have pronounced influence in the sector of tourism. The Index brings down the features of each of the nations involved in the study to values ranging from ‘0’ to ‘1’ indicating that higher value of index of a country stands for higher degree of choice of tourists for that particular destination. The advantages of the present Index of Destination Choice lie in its quick comprehensibility and easiness to compute. The proposed index enables comparison between various countries included in the computations.
A Brief Review of Meira Paibi: A Women’s Movement in Manipur
Authors: Oinam Aruna Chanu , Thoidingjam Purnima
Published: August 2021

The Meira Paibi (Also popularly known as Women torch bearers) used torch as a weapon to fight against social injustice of various forms in Manipur. Every woman in Manipur becomes Meira Paibi during difficult situation which directly affects the communities. In pre and post-independence period of India, various women organizations played a pivotal role fighting against social injustice in the society. One such group is Meira Paibai formed from the one of largest population in Manipur. In 1904 and 1939 elderly women in the age group of 50-70 years came together in forming Meira Paibai group and they were also called as “IMAS” meaning mothers in Manipuri. But in post-independence all age group women were involved in Meira Paibai organization. The origin of civil society in India can be traced back to Vedic periods and consisted mainly of men in those movements. On the contrary in Manipur it was led by the women against various issues such as injustice done by British government, Manipur maharaja economic policies in pre-independence and against social and administrative problems in the post-independence era. This movement should be role model to every woman to know their responsibilities and their contribution in developmental process. As rightly told by UNICEF; The Manipur story indicates that active participation by women in public affairs can and does contribute to better conditions for children and society at large.
Exploring the Impact of Coronavirus Pandemic on World Prisons: An Overview of Global Responses and Future Implications
Authors: Pandey Madhumita
Published: August 2021

While governments and international organizations continue their fight against the 2019 Corona virus disease, it is important to not overlook those in prisons and detention centres around the world, currently deprived of their liberty and rights, as they are likely to be more vulnerable to this outbreak than the general population. Given the nature of confinement, prisoners live in close proximity with each other for prolonged periods of time which often acts as a source for amplifying and spreading infectious diseases. With this in mind, the aim of this article is to present an overview of the impact of Corona virus pandemic on world prisons and the subsequent global responses to combat this unprecedented crisis. The article concludes with implications for mental health of prisoners and deliberates on decarceration as a way forward.
Identifying the Current Trend of Sustainable Development of Asia
Authors: Herath H. M. T. R. , Udage A. C. , Rathnayaka R. M. P. S.
Published: August 2021

By the end of the last millennium, “sustainable development” was the most widely discussed topic among scholars, policy makers and diplomats. Meanwhile, over the past decades, many Asian economies have achieved striking levels of economic growth for the betterment of the human life. However, it has also been accompanied by substantial environmental degradation. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview of the current trends in sustainable development in Asia through indicating the current position of 44 Asian countries with respect to each sustainable dimension, by mapping the countries in order to show spatially where they stand in sustainable development and by statistically finding the existence of an association in each sustainability criterion. For this study secondary data were utilized and those were extracted from Sustainability Society Index (SSI). The sixth edition, SSI-2016 was used on this behalf. Data were descriptively analyzed using Minitab 17 and Excel while the required maps were generated using Arc Map 10.1 Geographic Information System (GIS) by ESRI. The association among the three dimensions, Human, Environmental and Economic well-being, was found out using Pearson Correlation. From the analysis we could find that there is no association between environmental well-being and human well-being Nevertheless, there is an association between the economic well-being and the human well-being and the same was resulted for the economic and environmental well-being.
The prevalence of orofacial myofunctional disorders among children identified with speech and language disorders in grades kindergarten through six
Authors:   California State University, Fresno, Wadsworth Steven , Maui Christine ,   Fresno County Office of Education, Stevens Erin ,   Kings Canyon Unified School District
Published: August 2021

The incidence of orofacial myofunctional disorders (OMD) has been investigated in several populations, including the general population, orthodontic patients, preschool children, and elementary school children. However, there has not been a systematic study of the prevalence of OMO among school children receiving speech and language services through the public schools. The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) has recognized a need for basic descriptive research regarding the various components of OMO and the interaction of those components with each other and with speech and language disorders. Therefore, the present study was designed to: 1) provide data regarding the incidence rates of OMO among children identified with speech and language disorders in grades kindergarten through six, and 2) investigate possible correlational relationships between the presence of various components of OMO with each other and with the presence of speech and/or language disorders. Two hundred children in grades kindergarten through six from various school districts in Fresno County, California were tested for the presence of various OMO components through examination of the orofacial complex. The resulting data was subjected to statistical analysis to determine the percentages of occurrence, and the possible relationships among various OMO variables were explored through cross tabulations and the Pearson Chi-square formula.
Preliminary observation of rest posture habituation time
Authors: Landis Cynthia
Published: August 2021

Introduction [excerpt]. Data on the habituation period needed for developing an optimal oral rest posture in individuals presenting with non-tongue thrust orofacial/speech/voice disorders is lacking. Jt was hypothesized that a target desirable oral rest posture could be established in adults within approximately three weeks, but that this would take children a lengthier period of time. The following is a summary of preliminary obseNations obtained from 1 O adult clients and 1 O pediatric clients on a hospital speech pathologist's outpatient caseload.
Sleep cycles, TMD, fibromyalgia, and their relationship to orofacial myofunctional disorders
Authors: Green Shari
Published: August 2021

Poor quality sleep is caused by many factors including orofacial myology disorders. TMJ and fibromyalgia patients demonstrate a variety of similar symptoms making diagnosis difficult A team approach utilizing appropriate referrals is critical to successful patient treatment.
Adapted or atypical thrusting
Authors: Marchesan Irene
Published: August 2021

Distinguishing between the terms "adapted thrusting" and "atypical thrusting" is not the critical factor in planning treatment for patients demonstrating tongue thrust behavior. Evaluation of fadors including age of the patient, breathing pattern, cranio-facial characteristics, head and body posture are important in determining when, and how to provide treatment.
Myofunctional therapy: Brief intervention
Authors: Bacha Stella
Published: August 2021

This study addresses speech-language therapy in orofacial myology utilizing a Brief Intervention (in Portuguese: lntervenAao Fonoaudiol6gica Breve) (IFB). IFB is applied to patient groups between the ages of 8 and 15 years with orthodontic/orthopedic appliances in 1997. Results are presented indicating the advantages of using IFB for breathing, feeding, oral-facial habits, buccal hygiene and corporal posture/physical activity. It concludes that Brief Intervention can be accomplished in 8 sessions, is economically advantageous for use in group therapy, and may be used before or in conjunction with Myofunctional Therapy/Myotherapy.
Effect on Drug Release profile of Meclizine Hydrochloride by using various Dissolution Media
Authors: Rajge Rahul , Mahanur Vishal , Tawar Mukund
Published: August 2021

The present work was carried out to study the probable interactions of commonly used beverages on the release characteristics of Meclizine HCl sustained release tablet dosage form. Studies were carried out to evaluate the alterations in disintegration time and in-vitro dissolution profiles of Meclizine HCl from the tablets. All the studies indicated that the time required for disintegration of Meclizine HCl tablets is more with the modified immersion media as compared with that in water. At the end of the study it was revealed that more than 82% of Meclizine HCl from tablets MF1 was released in Distilled Water and other modified dissolution media except Coffee, Aerated Cola Drink, Non-Aerated Soft Drink and hence, the tablets failed the USP acceptance criteria in water and other dissolution modified media. In Coffee, Aerated Cola Drink, Non-Aerated Soft Drink having passed the USP acceptance criteria. All the three brands of Meclizine HCl viz. MF1, MF2 and MF3 failed to comply with the USP criteria for percentage drug release within 8 h in distilled water.
Consumo e marketing verde: a influência da sustentabilidade no comportamento do consumidor brasileiro
Authors: De Souza Juliana Santos , De Oliveira Cristiane Ronchi , Melillo Raquel Carnivalle Silva
Published: August 2021

O presente trabalho possui como objetivo principal verificar a influência da sustentabilidade no comportamento do consumidor brasileiro. Para isso, é indispensável o conhecimento acerca do consumo e do consumismo, bem como sobre o consumo sustentável, marketing verde e o comportamento do consumidor brasileiro, pois permite entender várias discrepâncias socioeconômicas e ambientais ocorridas nesse país. Desde os anos 1970, através de várias reuniões no mundo todo, o meio ambiente tem sido pauta de discussões e tem se tornado uma preocupação global, visto que a ausência de planejamento nas atividades humanas provoca desequilíbrio ambiental, social e econômico. A respeito da metodologia, trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, de natureza básica e de objetivo exploratório. Foi utilizada uma pesquisa do Serviço de Proteção ao Crédito (SPC Brasil) sobre o consumo consciente, sendo primordial para discutir o tema do trabalho. Os resultados obtidos desta pesquisa mostram que os consumidores brasileiros estão em transição para o consumo sustentável, embora, ao longo do trabalho, sejam mostradas várias controvérsias. A partir desta afirmação, inúmeros assuntos são discutidos, como a história do consumo brasileiro, a adaptação das empresas para a sustentabilidade, as principais vantagens e dificuldades para o consumo consciente, as questões sociais e entre outros. Por fim, para que o consumo consciente avance de fato, a mudança dos paradigmas e a consolidação do consumo sustentável devem ser efetuadas por todos os responsáveis envolvidos nesse contexto, incluindo o consumidor, a sociedade civil, o governo e as empresas.
Implementation of innovations for sustainable development: global trends and kazakhstan's model
Authors: Doszhan R. D. , Kozhakhmetova A. K. , Bekenov E. V.
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the researchis analysis of foreign experience of application of sustainable innovation at the heart of a successful business case for adaptation in the domestic market.

Methodology.In the course of the research, general scientiﬁc methods were used: analysis and synthesis at the stage of familiarization with the object of research, comparison, systematic review of the literature, the case study method and modeling to adapt foreign experience of the transition to sustainable innovations.

Originality / value of research.The introduction of sustainable innovative practices in Kazakhstan will expand the issues of their application in the business context. Despite the fact that some domestic researchers have analyzed the essence of sustainable innovations, the practice of applying them in companies has not yet been studied. It is important to emphasize the importance of research that provides more and more evidence of a positive relationship between sustainable innovation and organizational performance [36]. In this regard, the study of the experience of successful global leading companies in the ﬁeld of sustainable innovations for adaptation in the domestic market is very relevant.

Findings.As a result of a systematic literature review, the main trends of the global market that need to be taken into account when conducting a sustainable business were identiﬁed. And also, after studying the cases of successful foreign companies focused on sustainable innovation, an adapted model was proposed for the transition of domestic enterprises to sustainable development, the main drivers of sustainable innovation were identiﬁed, such as the presence of a developed infrastructure in the market, the inclusion of sustainable development in the company's mission, collaboration with companies from various industries and countries, a strong relationship between science and the business environment.
Administrative and legal status of citizens involved in the protection of public order: concept and content
Authors: Ignatyuk A. , Koliosko S.
Published: August 2021

Effective solution of the tasks of public order protection is impossible without the participation of citizens. The support of citizens and public associations in the field of prevention and suppression of offenses is important in maintaining law and order in any State. However, this activity has a number of problematic aspects. One of them is the lack of a fixed, clearly formulated administrative and legal status of citizens involved in the protection of public order. The article deals with the concept of the administrative and legal status of citizens involved in the protection of public order. Its main elements are investigated.
Fundamentals of environmental legal regulation of relations in petrochemical and refining complexes
Authors: Pashkova А.
Published: August 2021

The oil industry is the backbone of the modern economy. The production and transportation of oil on the current scale inevitably leads to significant negative impacts on the past event. The article analyzes the Belarusian legislation in the field of the petrochemical and oil refining industries, and draws conclusions on the work. The paper considers the concept of petrochemical and oil refining, the legal aspects of the regulation of these complexes are negative, and the impact of the complexes on the global environment is considered.
Institutional guarantees for the protection of human rights and freedoms: experience of foreign countries
Authors: Shakhnovskaya I.
Published: August 2021

The article examines the main existing institutional guarantees that ensure the protection of human and civil rights and freedoms in foreign countries. Analyzed are judicial protection mechanisms, the activities of prejudicial bodies, as well as mechanisms of extrajudicial protection. The author emphasizes that the protection of human rights and freedoms is a constitutional obligation of the state. Special attention is paid to specialт mechanisms for the protection of human rights, such as the Commissioner for Human Rights, the activities of various bodies of constitutional control; indicates the importance of extrajudicial mechanisms for the protection of rights and freedoms. The author analyzes methods of direct protection of rights and freedoms, as well as the role of executive and legislative authorities as elements of indirect protection.
Assessment of the logistics potential of the region (on the example of the Vitebsk region)
Authors: Veretennikova E.
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of studying the logistics potential of the region. Theoretical studies of the concept of "logistics potential" are presented. The review of the main methods of assessing the regional logistics potential is carried out, the main groups of factors are identified, on the basis of which the author's methodology for assessing the logistics potential of the region is proposed. The "bottlenecks" and "points" of the growth of the logistics potential of the Vitebsk region are identified and practical recommendations for their use are given.
Farmakoepidemiologi – et fagfelt i stadig utvikling
Authors: Buajordet Ingebjørg , Kildemoes Helle Wallach , Selmer Randi , Waaseth Marit
Published: August 2021

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Bruk av andre vanedannende legemidler blant opioidbrukere med langvarige smerter
Authors: Odsbu Ingvild , Handal Marte , Hjellvik Vidar , Borchgrevink Petter C. , Clausen Thomas , Hamina Aleksi , Lid Torgeir Gilje , Nesvåg Ragnar , Skurtveit Svetlana
Published: August 2021

Bakgrunn: Opioider for behandling av langvarige smerter kan forskrives på blå resept, men bør ikke brukessamtidig med andre vanedannende legemidler.Hensikt: Å undersøke bruk av opioider på blå resept i perioden 2009-2019, samt å studere bruk av andre vanedannendelegemidler (benzodiazepiner og z-hypnotika) blant dem som fikk opioider på blå resept i 2019.Metode: Data ble hentet fra Reseptregisteret. En prevalent opioidbruker i 2019 ble definert som en person medminst én utlevering av et smertestillende opioid på blå resept for langvarige smerter også i 2018. Bruk av andrevanedannende legemidler ble definert som minst én utlevering av et annet vanedannende legemiddel i løpet avsamme år.Resultater: Totalt 18 443 personer (67% kvinner) fikk utlevert opioider på blå resept i 2019, en økning fra5 568 i 2009 via 10 693 i 2016 og 16 133 i 2017. Av de 18 443 var 14 202 (77%) prevalente opioidbrukere.Blant de prevalente brukerne fikk 88% utlevert 100 mg orale morfinekvivalenter (OMEQ) eller mindre perdag. Totalt fikk 54% av de prevalente opioidbrukerne utlevert minst ett annet vanedannende legemiddel i 2019.Z-hypnotika var oftest forekommende blant de som brukte 100 mg OMEQ eller mindre per dag, mens benzodiazepineralene eller i kombinasjon med z-hypnotika dominerte blant opioidbrukerne som fikk utlevert merenn 100 mg OMEQ per dag. Mengden utlevert av andre vanedannende legemidler økte med mengden opioiderbrukt per dag. En større andel kvinner enn menn fikk utlevert andre vanedannende legemidler i 2019.Konklusjon: Studien indikerer at bruk av andre vanedannende legemidler forekommer hos en stor andel avdem som får forskrevet opioider på blå resept. Dette er tegn på et uheldig forskrivningsmønster som børstuderes nærmere.
An 11-year nationwide registry-linkage study of opioid maintenance treatment in pregnancy in Norway
Authors: Odsbu Ingvild , Mahic Milada , Skurtveit Svetlana , Lund Ingunn-Olea , Handal Marte
Published: August 2021

Aim: We aimed to describe opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) to pregnant women in Norway and study thebackground characteristics of the pregnant women compared to the general population of pregnant women andto a previous clinical cohort study of OMT in pregnancy.Methods: Population-based cohort study with linked data from the Norwegian Medical Birth Registry, theNorwegian Prescription Database, the Norwegian Patient Registry, and Statistics Norway. The study populationconsisted of women giving birth between 2005-2015 in Norway. We defined OMT pregnancies as pregnancieswhere the woman was dispensed OMT medications (methadone, buprenorphine, or buprenorphine/naloxone) at least once during pregnancy.Results: The study population consisted of 420,808 women with 645,440 pregnancies ending in a live birth inNorway in 2005-2015 (the general pregnant population). Of these, 261 women (0.6‰) had altogether 306OMT pregnancies. The mean number of pregnancies was 28 OMT pregnancies per year and quite stable duringthe study period. Women with OMT pregnancies were older, smoked tobacco more frequently, had lowereducation, and fewer of them had a partner, compared to the general population of pregnant women. In mostpregnancies, the women were treated with buprenorphine (n=183 (59.8%)), while in 120 (39.2%) pregnancies,the woman received methadone. From 2008, buprenorphine replaced methadone as the most frequently useddrug. In only 38 (12.4%) pregnancies, OMT treatment was initiated in pregnancy. In 201 (66%) pregnancies,the woman used OMT medications in all trimesters. For these women, the mean amount of dispensed drug was3.4 DDD/day (85 mg/day) in pregnancy for methadone and 1.9 DDD/day (15.2 mg/day) for buprenorphine.Conclusion: The number of OMT pregnancies per year has been low and stable in the period 2005-2015.Following Norwegian recommendations, there has been a shift from treatment with methadone towardsbuprenorphine. The women receiving OMT during pregnancy had more risk factors for adverse outcomes thanthe general pregnant population but were quite similar to the previous clinical cohort.
Medical care contact for infertility and related medication use during pregnancy – a European, cross-sectional web-based study
Authors: Ilic Miljana , Nordeng Hedvig , Lupattelli Angela
Published: August 2021

Aims: The aim of the study was two-fold: i) to determine the prevalence of medical care contact for infertility in European countries; ii) to map overall and long-term/chronic medication use during pregnancy in women who sought medical care due to infertility.Methods: This is a sub-study of the Multinational Medication Use in Pregnancy Study, a cross-sectional, web-based study conducted from October 2011 to February 2012. We included 8097 participants from Europe who were pregnant or new mothers. We collected data on overall and long-term/chronic medication use, medical care seeking due to infertility, and whether women eventually conceived spontaneously or with the aid of infertility treatment.Results: Medical care contact for infertility was lower in Western Europe (prevalence estimate: 10.0-15.3%), compared with Northern (15.2-17.5%) or Eastern (17.4-20.9%), but Poland had the lowest estimate (8.0%). Overall, 660 (8.2%) women sought medical care due to infertility but conceived spontaneously; 548 (6.8%) conceived aided by fertility treatment, and 6889 (85.0%) women did not seek help. Use of any medication was comparable across the three groups (range 80.4-82.5%), but women seeking help for infertility (21.8-24.6%) took more often long-term/chronic medications than women who did not (14.8%).Conclusion: Medical care contacts for infertility varies greatly across European countries. Women who had medical contact due to infertility used more often chronic medications in pregnancy than women who did not, pointing to more co-morbidities and risk pregnancies.
Introduction: New Critical Directions in Global South Studies
Authors: Armillas-Tiseyra Magalí , Mahler Anne Garland
Published: August 2021

This introductory article to the special issue takes stock of the scholarly impact of the last fifteen years of Global South studies scholarship in the field of literary and cultural studies, and comparative literature in particular. It contends that the Global South offers a dynamic framework for comparison of economic, political, and cultural inequalities beyond state-centric forms of analysis, and for this reason, is uniquely germane to the interests of comparative literature. The Global South has become a significant category for the field not in spite of its conceptual indeterminacy, but precisely because the resulting lack of fixity provides an adaptive and multiscalar comparative framework. That is, it offers an opportunity to shift the scale through which we compare, in which North–South or South–South analysis may occur across national lines or from block to block. True to the relational and directional spirit of the concept, the editors understand Global South studies as a series of directions or movements, a confluence of critical currents emerging from a variety of already existing fields. Ultimately, this introduction traces those critical coordinates and points to recent and promising directions in this scholarship as it intersects with comparative literature today.
A Poetics of the Writers' Conference: Literary Relation in the Cold War World
Authors: Mangalagiri Adhira
Published: August 2021

This article offers a poetics of the writers' conference as conducted via channels of Cold War–era cultural diplomacy through a reading of the Asian Writers' Conference (New Delhi, 1956), a largely forgotten predecessor of the better-known Afro-Asian Writers' Conferences. Focusing particularly on the Chinese writers in attendance, I read the conference literarily, with an eye to its aesthetics and the particular performance of transnational literary relation that it engendered. The Conference's fortuitous confluence with the Hundred Flowers Campaign in China unexpectedly made possible an approach to transnational literary exchange that actively eschewed and rebelled against state intervention in the literary sphere. As such, the Asian Writers' Conference effected a form of transnational literary relation that thrived in its self-avowed uselessness to mandates of diplomacy. The Conference warns against the tendency in South–South studies to valorize the decentering of colonial powers as cultural mediators without a critical engagement with the nation-state's overseeing presence once it occupies that agential role in transnational literary exchange.
Confiança dos empregados no laboratório de análises clínicas em que trabalham:
Authors: Pedroso Juliani Marcio , Carvalho Tatim Denise
Published: August 2021

O fenômeno confiança tem sido considerado fundamental para o comprometimento e atingimento de resultados nas organizações. Este estudo teve como propósito analisar os antecedentes da confiança entre os empregados de um laboratório de análises clínicas. Realizou-se uma pesquisa quantitativa por meio da aplicação de um questionário com dados sociodemográficos e, também, de uma escala de confiança do tipo Likert objetivando atingir o público-alvo formado por 55 empregados da organização de saúde. As informações analisadas e quantificadas permitiram mensurar os fatores relevantes para o construto confiança, sendo:  promoção do crescimento do empregado, solidez organizacional, normas relativas à demissão de empregados, reconhecimento financeiro organizacional e padrões éticos. Os resultados mostraram que os fatores nos quais os empregados apontaram maior grau de concordância em relação à confiança organizacional foram a solidez organizacional e na sequência padrões éticos.
CERRAHİ HASTA BAKIMINDA VENÖZ TROMBOEMBOLİZMİN ÖNLENMESİ KANIT TEMELLİ UYGULAMA ÖNERİLERİLERİ
Authors: GEÇİT Sinem , YAVUZ VAN GİERSBERGEN Meryem
Published: August 2021

Venöz tromboembolizm, derin ven trombozu ile başlayan ve pulmoner emboli ile sonuçlanan önemli bir sağlık sorunudur. Derin ven trombozu, hastanede yatan hastalar ve özellikle de ameliyat sonrası dönemde olan hastalar için ölüm riski olan ve önlenebilir ölümlerin nedeni olarak kabul edilen önemli bir sağlık sorunudur. Tüm koruyucu girişimlerde olduğu gibi venöz tromboembolizmde de trombüs oluşumunun önlenmesi en önemli basamaklardan biridir. Venöz tromboembolizmin oluşmasına neden olan önemli risk faktörlerinden biri cerrahi ya da diğer invaziv işlemlerdir. Hastanın venöz tromboembolizm riskinin değerlendirilmesi ve belirlenmesi ameliyat öncesi dönemde önemli yere sahiptir. Uygun venöz tromboembolizm profilaksisi sağlanmadan cerrahi girişim geçiren hastalarda %25-60 oranında derin ven trombozu görülmektedir. Çoğunlukla asemptomatik seyreden derin ven trombozu ve komplikasyonların önlenmesinde, hasta bakımında sürekli hizmet veren hemşireler önemli rol ve sorumluluklar üstlenmektedir. Ameliyat öncesi dönemde hastaların venöz tromboembolizm riski yönünden değerlendirilmesi ve önlenmesi için uygulanan girişimleri izlemede hemşireler aktif rol almaktadır. Bu makale cerrahi hastaların venöz tromboembolizm riskinin değerlendirilmesi ve önlenmesi konusunda hemşirelere son rehber önerileri doğrultusunda bilgilerini güncellemede kaynak oluşturulması amacıyla hazırlandı.
Media Medan Perkalian dan Pembagian Bilangan Bulat
Authors: Salim Salim
Published: August 2021

Mathematics is considered as a difficult subject for some students, leading to a decrease in students’ interest and motivation in understanding mathematical concept. In the process of classroom teaching and learning, mathematics that seems complicated and makes a bad impression for some students is an obstacle for them in solving daily mathematical problems. To deal with this obstacle, a media innovation in mathematics teaching and learning is deemed necessary as a bridge for students to understand the abstract concepts of mathematical objects through the manipulation of real objects. This paper aims to present how to create and use the media of Medan Perkalian dan Pembagian Bilangan Bulat for elementary school students. This media are quite appropriate as a learning medium used to help students understand the concept of multiplication and division, especially for grade II of elementary school students. Using this medium, students are not only capable to deal with multiplication and the division of integers but also easily understand the concept of multiplication and integers division.
Experiências das viajantes naturalistas durante o século XIX e as representações do Brasil oitocentista
Authors: Souza Raick de Jesus
Published: August 2021

O objetivo central deste trabalho é analisar as experiências expedicionárias dos viajantes naturalistas durante o século XIX ao Brasil e o papel das impressões deixadas por esses intelectuais acerca da natureza e do povo brasileiro, com ênfase nos relatos feitos pelas naturalistas. O caminho metodológico é a reconstrução histórica das viagens a partir dos espaços descritos e das representações das espécies vivas observadas. Dessa forma, busca-se contribuir com os estudos que analisam a circulação de pessoas, produtos e ideias durante o Oitocentos brasileiro. O papel desempenhado pelas mulheres na produção das ciências será o eixo central desta investigação.
Co-constructing a Liberated / Decolonised Arts Curriculum
Authors: Crilly Jess , Panesar Lucy , Suka-Bill Zey
Published: August 2021

This article presents a case study of liberating reading lists through a staff-student collaboration in a UK arts university. It characterizes reading lists as a familiar but under researched feature of academic life and discusses their practical and symbolic role in maintaining Western / Eurocentric / White disciplinary canons, and how they inform what it means to be ‘well read’ in a discipline. The collaborative project, which was initiated as Liberate the Curriculum work, brought together students, academic staff and librarians to audit and review reading lists, and reimagine them to represent multiple narratives, reflecting the diverse and international student population of the university. The article explores the challenges of auditing reading lists and identifying more diverse resources, and the complex relationships between identity and knowledge production. The authors use Critical Race Theory to comment on the relationship between race, colonialism and the arts, and how racism is reproduced within the academic environment. The project methodology is described, with an evaluation of the project as a student staff collaboration, and the learning and impact within the institution.
Omani EFL learner perceptions and motivation toward online learning
Authors: Behforouz Behnam , Al Gaithi Ali , Fekri Neda
Published: August 2021

In early 2020, with the breakout of COVID-19, almost all the world institutions shifted to online learning and teaching. Besides the shortcomings, new learning and teaching method was introduced globally. 48 Omani participants of this study were the first batch of learners who have experienced online learning and teaching for the first time in their life. Therefore, this study tried to understand their levels of motivation and perceptions of online learning. The study also tried to find out the gender difference and the motivational level among the participants. Participants were sent two questionnaires through the Google form, and their responses were analyzed accordingly. The study revealed that Omani students were motivated to exchange learning and teaching materials through online platforms, and the female ones showed slightly more interest in online classes. In addition, the students showed positive perceptions toward and willingness to continue using online platforms for the learning process. Since they are the first group of students with online learning experiences, the study can motivate the teachers to focus on more digital contexts of their study, help them to focus on the design and preparation of materials for the digital community, and curriculum developers can introduce more practical learning and teaching techniques suitable for online education.
Challenges Facing Application of E-learning Facilities in Vocational and Technical Education Program in South Nigeria Universities
Authors: Dumbiri David Nwanna , Nwadiani Comfort Onaigho
Published: August 2021

The advancement of science and technology has improved system of learning and instruction; this has moved learning instruction to e-learning. Vocational and Technical Education as instrument for national development must join suit in this dynamic and evolving of instructional delivery, in order to achieve its purpose in the life of the people and the nation. The study examined the concept of VTE, emergence of e-learning, e-learning facilities, benefits of e-learning in Vocational and Technical education, challenges of e-learning application in VTE, strategies for improving e-learning application in VTE. In conclusion it was discovered that in spite of the relevance of e-learning in teaching and learning of VTE, teachers are not utilizing it, this is mainly due to the unavailability of facilities for e-learning and the inadequacy of the facilities where available, this is in addition to the fact that stakeholders are not providing enabling environment for it to thrive. It was recommended that government and stakeholders in education should provide facilities in e-learning, put policies in place to encourage the enforcement of e-learning in institutions, make internet connectivity priority in Universities, make adequate budgeting allocation for procurement and maintenance of facilities for e-learning among others.
Development of Psychomotor Skill and Programme Outcome Attainment of Civil Engineering Students in Malaysia
Authors: Mat Isa C. M , Mustaffa N. K , Joseph E. O , Preece C. N
Published: August 2021

A substantial amount of practice is required throughout an engineering programme to develop the psychomotor skill for a practice-oriented industry and fulfil the hands-on component of the accreditation requirements. This study aims to analyse the engineering students‟ psychomotor skill development based on psychomotor programme outcome (PO) attainment during their course of study and to determine the important suggestions on improvement in the learning and teaching processes in the programme based on the respondents‟ feedback. A quantitative research design was adopted using a questionnaire survey to record the students‟ opinions on skill development and PO attainment, classified under the psychomotor domain in an undergraduate civil engineering programme in Malaysia. Out of the 327 chosen students, who consisted of final year students enrolling in open ended laboratory (OEL) and final year project (FYP) courses, approximately 32% of them responded to the survey. It was agreed by most of the students that psychomotor skill assisted the development of their self-confidence and proficiency, which consisted of complex skill sets and movement. The students also agreed that they have attained the PO through usage of laboratory apparatus and data collection. As they agreed that their psychomotor PO attainment was influenced by the condition of the equipment in the laboratories, they proposed that the programme should increase the number of equipment and enhance the laboratory facilities by implementing new and up-to-date technologies relevant to the programme. It was shown from a direct PO measurement from the myCOPO system that the students attained the psychomotor skill required by the programme. This study contributes to the improvement in the engineering curriculum development and assists the Institute of Higher Learning (IHL) in fulfilling the requirements by the Board of Engineers Malaysia, which are related to psychomotor skill development. As it captures an important aspect of psychomotor skill acquired by civil engineering students, it would be a positive approach for IHL to apply a more practice-based learning curriculum to prepare them for future careers in design consultant office, contractor site operations, and other construction-related work environment.
VARIAÇÃO TEMPORAL DA TEMPERATURA DE SUPERFÍCIE DA ÁREA URBANA E DOS PARQUES DA CIDADE DE SÃO CARLOS – SP
Authors: Da Silva Karielle Ferreira , Pereira Camila Tavares , Peres Renata Bovo
Published: August 2021

Os processos de produção das cidades vêm gerando consequências nas condições climáticas, nos quais os espaços livres vegetados são apontados como estratégias positivas para adaptação e mitigação. Reconhecendo a baixa qualidade dos espaços livres em São Carlos (SP), a gestão pública criou um conjunto de Parques Urbanos. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a variação da Temperatura de Superfície (TS) em 16 anos (2004 e 2020), em quatro categorias dos Parques Urbanos. A metodologia baseou-se em análises de imagens de satélite LANDSAT 5 (2004) e LANDSAT 8 (2020). A TS foi estimada por meio do complemento Land Surface Temperature Plugin do software QGIS 2.8.9. Considerando todo o território dentro do perímetro urbano, os resultados mostraram um aumento significativo da TS, com elevação de 1,6°C da TS média, de 2004 para 2020. Em ambos os anos, os picos de TS estão presentes em áreas que possuem mais espaços construídos e menos vegetação. As áreas dos Parques Urbanos foram as que apresentaram menores TS. Isso evidencia a importância de um Sistema de Parques e Espaços Livres para o equilíbrio térmico, com produção de informações sistematizadas e contínuas para tomada de decisões relativas ao planejamento e gestão de novos espaços verdes nas cidades.
ART DECISION OF ABAYA PORTRAIT IN FINE ART
Authors:   M. O. Auezov Institute of literature and Art, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Kelsinbek M.
Published: August 2021

In the article, the author explores the artistic features of young artists who painted portraits of Abay. Scientific data on the portrait decision of Abay in the paintings of the older generation were carried out. A comparative analysis of the works dedicated to the image of Abay is carried out.
PECULIAR OF HEROES OF KAZAKH HISTORICAL EPIC
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University,Almaty, Kazakhstan, Dautova G.
Published: August 2021

The article defines the image of a defender-heroin the historical epics of the Kazakh people.In the historical poems, the character of "defender -hero" is portrayed in different ways. Usually main hero’s prototype is a real person that lived in particular region around that time. We can say that historical epic’s characters are realistic and conditional. It is known that they act within historical events, but at the same time being able to serve in epics legislation. As we can see from the poems, he was a mentor and educator who gathered around him a brave young man. From "defender hero" hehas transformed into a heritage of character that cares his people. Young heroes close to Khan even though how valiant they never refuse take advice given by senior hero and do as they say, we can clearly understand their unity to keep peace by protecting people and their country from menace and danger. Because of such heroes were the protectors of our Kazakh nation we could withstand all kind of misfortunes and dangers and survived. Heroes did not just own the great steppe they also prevented it from all sort of menace. In historical epics, it is evident that the heroes served all their life during unstable and difficult times,when they did not manage to resolve their own personal problems. In addition, the psalms belonging to the historical epic genre of Kazakh folklore, which we are considering, are diverse. In all of them honored portrait of hero that served his country. However, according to the purpose and the main theme of the epos, we have noticed that the "defender-hero’s" personality image is different.
The underworld and its creatures of life in Turkic-Kazakh mythology: harmony with the mythology of the world and its differences, similarities in the characters' network
Authors:   M.O. Auezov Institute of Literature and Art , researcher Master of Arts, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Nurkama Q.N.
Published: August 2021

Based on the Turkic-Kazakh and a number of mythological materials presented in the article, the underworld and the underground creatures of the division of mythical heroes, the division of spirits are analyzed and compared with world examples. Their interconnections and features, historical stages, similarity and correlation of plots in the network of heroes are taken for scientific comparative, historical and comparative research. The lower spirits, the underworld and its life, ancient mythological concepts related to life after life are characteristic of all the nations of the world, but the comparative theoretical studies that have been studied in close cooperation are still insignificant. Ancient Greek, Roman, Kosozen and Ancient Egypt, the indigenous people of America (Inc, Maya, Aztec, etc.), Europe, the mythology of Chinese, Indian, Japanese people of eastern countries are strongly interconnected, and are not less typologically-researched, but historically majority of them are strangled in the ancient times and from an artistic point of view, the crucial Turkic mythology stays in the backstage., The folklorists of Western countries did not show much interest in Turkic mythology, except of the mythological scholars of the Turkic people. In large-scale researches and works about world mythology in a foreign language there are almost no chapters on Turkic mythology. This increases the importance of comparative historical research.