bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amplifying subtropical hydrological transition over China in early summer tied to weakened mid-latitude synoptic disturbances
Authors: Li Yana , Deng Yi , Cheung Ho-Nam , Zhou Wen , Yang Song , Zhang Henian
Published: May 2022

The rainy season over southern China (SC) begins with the onset of the South China Sea monsoon around mid-May. We demonstrate here that the SC precipitation exhibits a notable drying (wetting) trend prior to (after) the monsoon onset, leading to a more abrupt thus amplified hydrological transition over SC in early summer. The contrasting precipitation trends are largely driven by the recent decline in mid-latitude synoptic eddy activity. Weakened mid-latitude synoptic disturbances suppress SC frontal activities before the monsoon onset, facilitating the drying trend, and enhance the spatial stationarity of the SC monsoonal front after the monsoon onset, leading to the wetting trend. CMIP6 models in general fail to capture the contrasting trends between the two periods. In models where both the trends in precipitation and mid-latitude synoptic eddy activity are well captured, the amplification of the hydrological transition over SC is projected to continue well into the late 21st century. Our results highlight the footprints of hemispheric-scale climate change in regional hydroclimate and the obvious challenges faced by climate models in capturing such footprints.
Cathode recycling of lithium-ion batteries based on reusable hydrophobic eutectic solvents
Authors: Hanada Takafumi , Goto Masahiro
Published: May 2022

Hydrophobic eutectic solvents composed of synergistic metal ligands were utilized for recycling cathode materials of lithium-ion batteries as alternatives to inorganic acids and organic solvents in conventional hydrometallurgical cathode recycling.
Chemical control of spin–lattice relaxation to discover a room temperature molecular qubit
Authors: Amdur M. Jeremy , Mullin Kathleen R. , Waters Michael J. , Puggioni Danilo , Wojnar Michael K. , Gu Mingqiang , Sun Lei , Oyala Paul H. , Rondinelli James M. , Freedman Danna E.
Published: May 2022

Elucidating the role of specific vibrational modes in spin lattice relaxation is a key step to designing room temperature qubits. We executed an experimental and theoretical study on a series of Cu2+ qubits to increase their operating temperature.
Combination of LIBS-based elemental analysis and near-infrared molecular fingerprinting of bile juice to enhance identification of gallbladder cancer
Authors: Eum Changhwan , Jang Eunjin , Kim Hyang , Nam Sang-Ho , Lee Yonghoon , Choi Dongho , Chung Hoeil
Published: May 2022

LIBS and NIR spectroscopy, enabling the direct measurement of raw bile, were cooperatively combined to enhance the discrimination of gallbladder cancer from other diseases of gallstone and gallbladder polyp.
Dual fluorescent labeling of GLP-1R in live cells via enzymatic tagging and bioorthogonal chemistry
Authors: Lewandowski Tracey M. , An Peng , Ramil Carlo P. , Fang Ming , Lin Qing
Published: May 2022

To study GPCR conformational dynamics in live cells, here we report an integrated approach combining enzymatic SNAP-tagging with bioorthogonal chemistry for dual fluorescent labeling of GLP-1R.
Ionic liquid-containing coordination polymer: solvent-free synthesis, incongruent melting, and glass formation
Authors: Mochida Tomoyuki , Qiu Yi , Funasako Yusuke , Inokuchi Makoto , Noguchi Mariko , Fujimori Hiroki , Furushima Yoshitomo
Published: May 2022

We prepared a 2-D coordination polymer that exhibits incongruent melting; the phase behavior was investigated in detail.
Fabrication of a nanocomposite film decorated with highly dispersive nanoparticles by following an interface-induced strategy
Authors: Ma Rui , Huang Yue , Huang Jiaqi , Zheng Kaixuan , Jiang Shujuan , Jin Qiao , Sun Wei
Published: May 2022

A polymer nanocomposite film decorated with highly dispersive nanoparticles was prepared by a liquid–liquid interface induced self-assembly method.
Two-dimensional polymerization-induced electrostatic self-assembly via a C12-polyelectrolyte lamellar template
Authors: Yu Kaiwen , Wang Xiyu , Luo Caihui , Cao Ying , Cai Jie , Lu Xinhua , Cai Yuanli
Published: May 2022

A template strategy is developed for the precision synthesis of biologically important “complex coacervates-in-dodecyl atmosphere” ultrathin lamellae possessing exceptional shape-preservation and charge-tolerance properties.
Unravelling conformational and crystal packing preferences of cyclohexane-5-spirohydantoin derivatives incorporating a halogenated benzoyl group
Authors: Lazić Anita , Radovanović Lidija , Gak Simić Kristina , Rogan Jelena , Janjić Goran , Trišović Nemanja , Đorđević Ivana
Published: May 2022

The conformational and supramolecular diversity of spirohydantoins have been investigated.
Steric hindrance in the on-surface synthesis of diethynyl-linked anthracene polymers
Authors: Achilli Simona , Tumino Francesco , Rabia Andi , Orbelli Biroli Alessio , Li Bassi Andrea , Bossi Alberto , Manini Nicola , Onida Giovanni , Fratesi Guido , Casari Carlo Spartaco
Published: May 2022

Steric hindrance effect in the formation of hybrid sp-sp2 carbon structures on Au(111) by on surface synthesis with anthracene-based precursors.
Photo-Fenton and oxygen vacancies' synergy for enhancing catalytic activity with S-scheme FeS2/Bi2WO6 heterostructure
Authors: Ye Jin , Zhang Yuanyuan , Wang Juan , Liu Shuang , Chang Yuanhang , Xu Xiuping , Feng Chunte , Xu Jian , Guo Li , Xu Jiating , Fu Yujie
Published: May 2022

A series of FeS2/Bi2WO6 S-scheme photo-Fenton catalysts with efficient catalytic performances were successfully prepared by coupling FeS2 into the surface oxygen vacancy enriched Bi2WO6 using calcination and solvothermal methods.
An approach for the synthesis of 2-aryl-3-sulfonyl substituted quinolines through an electrochemical cascade annulation pathway
Authors: Ma Qiang , Li Ming , Chen Zhuo , Ni Shao-Fei , Wright James S. , Wen Li-Rong , Zhang Lin-Bao
Published: May 2022

An electrochemical protocol for the synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted quinolines by reacting benzoxazinones with arylsulfonyl hydrazides was established under simple and mild conditions (room temperature and an undivided cell).
Green and effective synthesis of gold nanoparticles as an injectable fiducial marker for real-time image gated proton therapy
Authors: Liu Haoran , Miyamoto Naoki , Nguyen Mai Thanh , Shirato Hiroki , Yonezawa Tetsu
Published: May 2022

Fiducial markers are crucial for reducing damage to surrounding healthy tissues in real-time image gated proton therapy (RGPT) by boosting geometric accuracy and precision.
Low-temperature water electrolysis: fundamentals, progress, and new strategies
Authors: Li Wei , Tian Hanchen , Ma Liang , Wang Yi , Liu Xingbo , Gao Xuefei
Published: May 2022

The fundamentals, standardization, innovative strategies, and future direction of low-temperature water electrolysis including alkaline (AWE), proton exchange membrane (PEMWE), and anion exchange membrane (AEMWE) water electrolyses are discussed.
Efficient degradation of endocrine-disrupting compounds by heterostructured perovskite photocatalysts and its correlation with their ferroelectricity
Authors: Subramanian Yathavan , Mishra Biswajit , Mishra Rajashree P. , Kumar Niharika , Bastia Sweta , Anwar Shahid , Gubendiran Rameshkumar , Chaudhary Yatendra S.
Published: May 2022

Heterostructured perovskites photocatalysts for endocrine-disrupting compounds degradation and their ferroelectric properties.
Computational design of phenazine derivative molecules as redox-active electrolyte materials in alkaline aqueous organic flow batteries
Authors: Zhang Wenfei , Chen Yanli , Wu Tai-Rui , Xia Xue , Xu Juan , Chen Zhidong , Cao Jianyu , Wu De-Yin
Published: May 2022

DFT calculations are used to reveal the structure–property relationships of the redox potentials and solvation free energies of phenazine derivatives for alkaline aqueous organic flow batteries.
Inkjet printed patterned bank structure with encapsulated perovskite colour filters for modern display
Authors: Kang Chengbin , Zhou Zhicong , Halpert Jonathan E. , Srivastava Abhishek K.
Published: May 2022

This work explores a new ink composition with oleylamine (OLA) and hexylphosphonic acid (HPA) ligands in combination with a liquid crystal monomer (LCM) composing a superior solution for an inkjet-printed colour conversion layer.
Direct synthesis of Au–Ag nanoframes by galvanic replacement via a continuous concaving process
Authors: Cheng Fang , Gu Wenjie , Zhang Han , Song Chunyuan , Zhu Yunfeng , Ge Feiyue , Qu Kuiming , Xu Hai , Wu Xue-Jun , Wang Lianhui
Published: May 2022

A continuous concaving and hollowing-out process was discovered during noble-metal nanoframe synthesis based on a one-step galvanic replacement strategy.
Stretchable sodium-ion capacitors based on coaxial CNT supported Na2Ti3O7 with high capacitance contribution
Authors: Chen Jin , Mu Hongchun , Ding Jianlong , Zhang Yifan , Wang Wenqiang , Wang Gengchao
Published: May 2022

Through the targeted modification and the systematic coordination of the Faraday-type sodium titanate and the acrylate rubber matrix, the intrinsically stretchable capacitor have fast electrochemical response under mechanical deformation.
Understanding a ligand's effects on intra-cluster and inter-cluster assembly
Authors: Tang Li , Yin Zhengmao , Wang Ru , Wang Bin , Jiang Kefan , Ding Mei , Wang Shuxin
Published: May 2022

Ligands play an essential role in cluster assembly; however, understanding this behavior at the atomic level is far off.
Bergman cyclization of main-chain enediyne polymers for enhanced DNA cleavage
Authors: Cai Yue , Lehmann Florian , Peiter Edgar , Chen Senbin , Zhu Jintao , Hinderberger Dariush , Binder Wolfgang H.
Published: May 2022

The design of novel polymers bearing multiple ene-diynes in the main chain are reported, allowing to tune activity of DNA cleavage via the Bergman cyclization.
Four strategies towards customized rainbow/white light emission from a series of organic charge-transfer cocrystals and their heterostructures
Authors: Chen Yifu , Jing Bo , Li Jie , Gong Junbo
Published: May 2022

Four progressive strategies were proposed based on a series of structurally isomorphic charge-transfer cocrystals for a broad and fine tuning of luminescence towards rainbow/white light emission in crystals.
Anchoring MoS2on an ethanol-etched Prussian blue analog for enhanced electrocatalytic efficiency for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Mukherjee Poulami , Sathiyan Krishnamoorthy , Vishwanath R. S. , Zidki Tomer
Published: May 2022

Ethanol–water etched Prussian blue analog nanocages decorated with molybdenum disulfide nanoflowers exhibit remarkable electrocatalytic activity toward the OER. The catalyst delivers an excellent OER activity with an overpotential of only 260 mV to obtain a current density of 10 mA cm−2.
Molecular dynamics simulations of phase change materials for thermal energy storage: a review
Authors: Tafrishi Hossein , Sadeghzadeh Sadegh , Ahmadi Rouhollah
Published: May 2022

Phase change materials (PCM) have had a significant role as thermal energy transfer fluids and nanofluids and as media for thermal energy storage.
Synthesis of enol phosphates directly from ketones via a modified one-pot Perkow reaction
Authors: Guo Huichuang , Zhang Yulong , Li Zhenya , Zhao Peichao , Li Ning , Shi Enxue
Published: May 2022

A modified Perkow reaction was developed based on the one-pot α-tosyloxylation of ketones following by addition of P(iii)-reagents and 4 Å molecular sieves.
2-Methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone regulated molecular alternation ofFusarium proliferatumrevealed by high-dimensional biological data
Authors: Yang Jiajia , Xia Xuewei , Guo Meixia , Zhong Li , Zhang Xiaoyong , Duan Xuewu , Liu Jun , Huang Riming
Published: May 2022

FungiFusarium proliferatumand the toxins it produces are hazardous to agricultural plants, animals, and human health. The signaling pathways and biotargets ofF. proliferatumtriggered by MNQ were confirmed in this work.
ZnO nanoflakes self-assembled from the water splitting process using a hydroelectric cell
Authors: Shah Jyoti , Shukla Abha , Kar Manoranjan , Gupta Govind , Jain Shipra , Kotnala R. K.
Published: May 2022

Self-assembled ZnO nanoflakes grown at the zinc electrode of a hydroelectric cell by water splitting have been analyzed.
Molecular mechanisms of amyloid formation in living systems
Authors: Sinnige Tessa
Published: May 2022

The molecular mechanisms of amyloid formation have been studied extensively in test tube reactions. This perspective article addresses the question to what extent these mechanisms apply to the complex situation in living cells and organisms.
Clinical Focus: Findings and Clinical Implications for Thickening Formula With Infant Cereal Using the International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative Flow Test
Authors: Stevens Melanie , O'Rourke Sara , Casto Shelley Coleman , Benedict Jason , Lundine Jennifer P.
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

The International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) framework was established to provide standardized terminology and objective measures to assess foods and liquids for persons with swallowing difficulties. This clinical focus article reports the findings and clinical implications of the flow testing of infant formulas thickened with infant cereal completed as part of the transition process to IDDSI for one large pediatric quaternary care hospital.

Method:

To determine a common recipe that could be used to thicken formulas with infant cereal to the appropriate IDDSI levels, three clinicians completed flow testing on 94 infant formulas. To examine intra- and interclinician variability in the process, they repeated flow testing with three commonly used formulas and infant cereal.

Results:

Clinicians were unable to identify a standard recipe (infant formula + infant cereal combination) that consistently thickened different formula brands to a desired IDDSI thickness level, as there was pronounced variability across and within infant formulas. Reliability testing revealed that, overall, clinician mixers were consistent in replicating similar results to themselves and to each other and that, instead, greater variability lies within the formula (and infant formula + infant cereal combination).

Conclusions:

Based on findings of pronounced variability within and across infant formulas, our institution determined that the creation of a standard recipe for achieving IDDSI thickness levels of formula mixed with infant cereal was not feasible or clinically appropriate. We offer recommendations for similar institutions for advancing clinical management of infant dysphagia using the IDDSI flow test and directions for future research.
School-Level Predictors of Speech-Language Therapy Enrollment
Authors: Shanks Lauryn , Hall-Mills Shannon
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

There are extensive concerns about the size of speech-language caseloads in schools. However, little empirical data exist regarding the patterns of speech-language services enrollment. We reviewed data from several hundred schools in a large state to explore the role of school-level factors in speech-language case enrollment.

Method:

Child count and enrollment data reports from a stratified sample of schools located within 12 Florida school districts (
N
= 808) were drawn from the Florida Department of Education portal for the 2018–2019 school year. Three school districts were selected from each of several population sizes. To control for school population size, the raw numbers for each variable were converted into proportions. To examine the relations among variables, multiple correlational and regression analyses were conducted.

Results:

The results indicated that two school-level factors significantly predicted the total speech-language services enrollment and language therapy enrollment (e.g., proportion of students of low socioeconomic status [SES], passing the state reading assessment), whereas three school factors significantly predicted the speech therapy enrollment (e.g., proportion of low-SES students, passing the reading assessment, and enrolled in English as a second or other language services).

Conclusions:

The outcomes of this study suggested that school factors can predict speech-language service enrollment, which offers important implications for decision makers in schools. Implications for educational practices and further research are presented.
Effect of contamination and relative humidity on the function of thyristor voltage monitoring board
Authors: Liu Zichen , Wang Liming , Mei Hongwei , Cao Bin , Yin Fanghui , Xu Yongsheng , Zhang Fuzeng , Jiang Yi , Farzaneh Masoud
Published: May 2022

In recent years, shutdown accidents caused by thyristor voltage monitoring (TVM) board failure have occurred several times in converter stations. With the increase of operation time, the working reliability problem of TVM board becomes a challenge to the safe operation. This paper studies the effects of pollution severity and relative humidity (RH) on the function of TVM board. The results show that the increase of RH can lead to the advance or even disappearance of check‐back signals. Furthermore, the increase of pollution severity can decrease the failure RH threshold. Through simulation and equivalent experiment, it is verified that the resistance decrease of the voltage balancing resistor under the combined effect of contamination and RH is the main reason for the advance of check‐back signals. According to the experiments, it is found that the upper surface contamination has a greater effect on the function of TVM board than the lower surface contamination, resulting in more decrease of the failure RH threshold. In addition, leakage current at different RH is also measured. Results show that the pulse peak of leakage current is closely related to check‐back signals. When the pulse peak is too small or disappears, check‐back signals also disappear, indicating that the TVM board fails.
Bit‐level image encryption algorithm based on fully‐connected‐like network and random modification of edge pixels
Authors: Sheng Yaohui , Li Jinqing , Di Xiaoqiang , Man Zhenlong , Liu Zefei
Published: May 2022

A bit‐level image encryption algorithm based on Fully‐Connected‐Like network(FCLN) and random modification of edge pixels is proposed. In the paper, in order to enhance the security of the cryptographic system, random noise is first used to modify the least significant bits of the edge pixels of the image, and the modified image is used as the input image. Later,the chaotic sequence is used to perform cyclic shift transformation on the image. In the subsequent steps, the FCLN is generated based on a fully connected neural network, which can perform scrambling and diffusion operations on the input image. Finally, the bidirectional diffusion method is used to diffuse the image forward and backward. In addition, the image after the edge pixel modification is convolved with the chaotic sequence, and the initial value of the chaotic system is set by the result to establish the correlation between the plain image and the algorithm, which makes the algorithm resistant to known/chosen plaintext attack. Experimental results show that although the image is modified by random noise, the decrypted image is visually the same as the original image. At the same time, through the analysis of common attacks such as differential attacks, noise attacks, and data loss attacks, our algorithm shows high security.
A reflective metasurface for generating dual‐mode dual‐polarized high‐order Bessel vortex beams with equal divergence angle
Authors: Huang Yuhan , Li Xiuping , Guo Xiaobin , Qi Zihang , Zhu Hua , Li Qingwen
Published: May 2022

A single‐layer reflective metasurface is proposed in this study to generate dual‐mode dual‐polarized high‐order Bessel vortex beams with equal divergence angle in Ka‐band. The metasurface consists of two different subwavelength elements with different polarisations, which are located in the inner disk region and the outer ring region respectively. The inner element, composed of a square ring and a regular octagon, is proposed to achieve a phase response of 360°. The outer element, which consists of a microstrip line and a double W‐shaped line, is designed to achieve the phase compensation and polarization conversion simultaneously. Equal divergence angle of different orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes is achieved by theoretically calculating the radii of the inner and outer regions. The metasurface prototype is fabricated and tested at 29 GHz, and the results show that the high‐order Bessel beams with +1 mode of x‐polarization and +2 mode of y‐polarization are successfully generated. This work provides a simple and practical method to generate dual‐mode dual‐polarized high‐order Bessel vortex beams for high‐capacity OAM communications.
Structural changes of a radially symmetric thermocapillary flow in the shallow cavity partially covered by a solid film
Authors: Demin Vitaly , Petukhov Maxim
Published: May 2022

This paper presents a numerical study of spatial transformations of a radially symmetric flow in a shallow fluid-filled cylindrical cavity partially covered by a solid non-deformable film. The upper central part of the liquid has a free surface where an intense light beam is focused to produce a hot spot on the symmetry axis. The heating generates a divergent thermocapillary motion on the free surface, which causes the fluid to flow under the immovable solid film. The edge of this film induces thermal perturbations, which, at specific heat generation values, begin to increase and give rise to a gradual radial flow symmetry breakdown that visually demonstrates the onset of vorticity in the azimuthal plane. Three-dimensional calculations have been carried out based on the interfacial hydrodynamics equations using Comsol Multiphysics software. The results of numerical calculations confirm that the instability occurs in the area corresponding to the boundary between the free surface and the solid film. The motion in the azimuthal direction becomes more evident with the growth of heating intensity. The vorticity in the azimuthal plane makes the flow structure significantly more complex compared to the axisymmetric radial flow. Thus, there is a predominantly radial flow in the area of free surface and, at the same time, the vortices with the azimuthal velocity component are observed under the film. As in the experiment, the number of vortices is determined by the ratio of the area of free surface to the covered area. It is shown that the appearance of motion in the azimuthal direction depends on the joint action of several physical mechanisms, which have been initialized in the theoretical model by means of various piecewise thermal and mechanical conditions at the upper boundary.
Implantatversagen HWS-LWS nach langstreckigen Instrumentierungen beim
Knochengesunden – Ursachen und Behandlungskonzepte
Authors: Bullmann Viola
Published: May 2022

Ein Implantatversagen bei langstreckigen Instrumentation droht insbesondere bei nicht
Erreichen einer regelrechten Balance. Hierbei treten insbesondere Anschlusskyphosierung
mit Anschlussfrakturen oder Schrauben-cut-outs auf. Bei der operativen Revision sollten
die lumbopelvinen Parameter ermittelt und entschieden werden, ob eine Osteotomie
zusätzlich zur Verlängerung der Instrumentationsstrecke erforderlich ist.

Im lumbosakralen Übergang besteht ein erhöhtes Pseudarthroserisiko bei postoperativ
persistierender sagittaler Dysbalance oder mangelhafter lumbosakraler Fixierung. Bei der
Revision einer Pseudarthrose muss diese vollständig reseziert und stabil und mit einem
pressfiten mit Knochen oder BMP befüllten Implantat abgestützt werden. Dorsal sollte die
Instrumentierung bis aufs Ilium verlängert werden.
Durchbruch in der Immuntherapie des Typ-1-Diabetes
Authors: Ziegler Anette-Gabriele
Published: May 2022

Typ-1-Diabetes ist die häufigste Stoffwechselerkrankung im Kindesalter. Etwa ein Kind von 250 ist betroffen. Die Inzidenz nimmt weltweit zu, auch in Deutschland. Ein besonders starker Anstieg der Neuerkrankungsrate wurde während der COVID-19-Pandemie beobachtet. Der Großteil der Kinder mit Typ-1-Diabetes hat keinen Verwandten mit Typ-1-Diabetes.
Stammzelltherapie bei Typ-1-Diabetes
Authors: Ludwig Barbara
Published: May 2022

Es sind spannende Zeiten für Diabetesforscher, klinische Diabetologen und Patienten mit Diabetes. Hundert Jahre nach der Entdeckung des Insulins haben zwei Forschergruppen die ersten Ergebnisse von Studien zur Transplantation von Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 mit Stammzell-basierten Inselzellen vorgestellt. Dies stellt zweifelsfrei einen Meilenstein insbesondere für Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 dar. Bei dieser Form des Diabetes kommt es zu einer autoimmun-vermittelten Zerstörung der Insulin-produzierenden Betazellen des Pankreas. Die Folgen sind eine komplette endogene Insulindefizienz und die Notwendigkeit zur lebenslangen Substitution von Insulin. Die aktuelle Forschung untersucht nun den Einsatz von Stammzellen zur Herstellung von Betazellen und erste klinische Studien laufen. Im Folgenden soll der aktuelle Stand der biologischen Betazell-Ersatztherapie, die Perspektiven, aber auch die bestehenden Limitationen und offenen Fragen dieser Forschungsrichtung beleuchtet werden.
Contemporary Management of Microtia
Authors: Abrol Anish , Bly Randall , Sie Kathleen C. Y. , Bhrany Amit D.
Published: May 2022

Microtia techniques have evolved to improve esthetic outcomes, reduce donor site morbidities, and reduce complications. Patients with microtia commonly have aural atresia associated with conductive hearing loss. We present the evolution of our technique for microtia reconstruction and considerations for hearing management in these patients.
Displaying Cost and Completion Time for Reference Laboratory Test Orders—A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ikoma Shohei , Pierce Logan , Bell Douglas S. , Cheng Eric M. , Drake Thomas , Guo Rong , Ziman Alyssa
Published: May 2022

Objectives Reduction in unnecessary services is one strategy for increasing the value of health care. Reference laboratory, or send-out, tests are associated with considerable costs. We investigated whether displaying cost and turnaround time (TAT), or time-to-result, for reference laboratory tests at the time of order entry in the electronic health record (EHR) system would impact provider ordering practices.

Methods Reference laboratory test cost and TAT data were randomized prior to the study and only displayed for the intervention group. A 24-month dataset composed of 12 months each for baseline and study periods was extracted from the clinical data mart. A difference-in-differences (DID) analysis was conducted using a linear mixed-effects model to estimate the association between the intervention and changes in test-ordering patterns.

Results In the inpatient setting, the DIDs of aggregate test-order costs and volume were not different among the control and intervention groups (p = 0.31 and p = 0.26, respectively). In the ambulatory setting, the DIDs of aggregate test-order costs and volume were not different among the control and intervention groups (p = 0.82 and p = 0.51, respectively). For both inpatient and ambulatory settings, no significant difference was observed in the DID of aggregate test-order costs and volumes calculated in respect to stratified relative cost and TAT groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion Lack of alternative tests, test orders placed at a late step in patient management, and orders facilitated by trainees or mid-level providers may have limited the efficacy of the intervention. Our randomized study demonstrated no significant association between the display of cost or TAT display and ordering frequency.
Polarized Microscopic Analysis of Picrosirius Red Stained Salivary Gland Pathologies: An Observational Study
Authors: Juengsomjit Rachai , Meesakul Ounruean , Arayapisit Tawepong , Larbcharoensub Noppadol , Janebodin Kajohnkiart
Published: May 2022

Objective Salivary gland diseases and their pathologies may affect the glandular structure including collagen, a major stromal component, in response to tissue damage or diseases. This study aimed to examine the changes in collagens in different salivary gland diseases using polarized picrosirius red staining.

Materials and Methods The submandibular gland samples diagnosed as sialadenitis, chronic sclerosing sialadenitis, pleomorphic adenoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma were stained with picrosirius red, Masson's trichrome, and anticollagen I staining. The quantity of collagens was examined and reported as a percentage of positive picrosirius red area. The maturity of collagens was studied with polarized light microscope and reported as a percentage of orange-red and yellow-green polarized collagens, representing the mature and immature collagens, respectively.

Statistical Analysis The % positive areas for picrosirius red representing the collagen amount among salivary gland diseases were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's test. The % orange-red and % yellow-green polarized areas representing the collagen maturity were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney U test.

Results The malignant tumors, adenoid cystic carcinoma (29.92) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (26.59), had higher significant percentage of positive picrosirius red area, compared with the benign tumor (14.56), chronic sclerosing sialadenitis (10.61), and sialadenitis (7.22) (p < 0.05). The percentages of orange-red polarized areas are 48.07, 39.6, 62.67, 83.75, and 76.05 in sialadenitis, chronic sclerosing sialadenitis, pleomorphic adenoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma, respectively. This percentage tended to increase in the benign and malignant lesions with statistical difference, compared with the inflammatory lesions (p < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the percentages of yellow-green polarized areas among various salivary gland diseases. In addition, the results of Masson's trichrome and anticollagen I staining are corresponding to that of picrosirius red among various salivary gland diseases.

Conclusions Polarized picrosirius red demonstrated the most amounts of collagen in the malignant lesion, and represented the different maturity of collagens in each lesion group. Studying the amounts and maturity of collagen with picrosirius red for extracellular matrix alteration in salivary gland diseases along with routine hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and immunohistochemistry may provide a better understanding in different salivary gland pathologies.
Simulation-Facilitated Education for Pediatric Critical Care Nurse Practitioners' Airway Management Skills: A 10-Year Experience
Authors: Thompson Allison , Irving Sharon Y. , Hales Roberta , Quinn Ryan , Chittams Jesse , Himebauch Adam , Nishisaki Akira
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to describe the process of the development and implementation with report of our 10-year experience with a simulation-facilitated airway management curriculum for pediatric acute care nurse practitioners in a large academic pediatric intensive care unit. This is a retrospective observational study. The study was conducted at a single-center quaternary noncardiac pediatric intensive care unit in an urban children's hospital in the United States. A pediatric critical care airway management curriculum for nurse practitioners consisting 4 hours of combined didactic and simulation-facilitated education followed by hands-on experience in the operating room. Tracheal intubations performed by nurse practitioners in the pediatric intensive care unit were tracked by a local quality improvement database, NEAR4KIDS from January 2009 to December 2018. Since curriculum initiation, 39 nurse practitioners completed the program. Nurse practitioners functioned as the first provider to attempt intubation in 473 of 3,128 intubations (15%). Also, 309 of 473 (65%) were successful at first attempt. Implementation of a simulation-facilitated pediatric airway management curriculum successfully supported the ongoing airway management participation and first attempt intubation success by nurse practitioners in the pediatric intensive care unit over the 10-year period.
Ex Vivo Evaluation of the Cranial Tibial Artery and Its Compression through Fragment Rotation during Tibia Plateau Levelling Osteotomy: An Angiographic Three-Dimensional Reconstruction
Authors: Cieciora Lena-Charlott , Harms Oliver , Freise Fritjof , Seifert Hermann , Fehr Michael
Published: May 2022

Objective To illustrate the arterial vascularity of the proximal tibia three-dimensionally and to evaluate the impact of fragment rotation on the cranial tibial artery by tibia plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO).

Methods Radiographic angiography and computed tomography (CT) were performed on 12 pelvic limbs from six large-breed canine cadavers before and after TPLO. Three-dimensional (3D) models of the stifle, including osseous and vascular structures, were obtained, and the integrity of the cranial tibial artery was assessed. Post-TPLO CT images were used to analyze compression of the cranial tibial artery by the rotated fragment.

Results The uncompressed cranial tibial artery caliber, measured proximally and distally to the osteotomy, was 9.52 mm2 (6.07–18.90 mm2). In all adequately rotated fragments, the mean caliber of the artery on the level of the osteotomy was 1.57 mm2 (0.89–2.93 mm2) after TPLO. This represented a significant decrease of approximately 81%. Only slight cross-sectional area decrease (8.8%) was seen in one limb, which was revealed to have insufficient fragment rotation (2.83 mm). Another limb only showed signs of stretching of the artery (31.51%), which was under-rotated and medially displaced. Pre-TPLO 3D reconstructions were mainly consistent with previous anatomic studies except for the distance between tibial cortex and cranial tibial artery, which appeared closer.

Conclusion Sufficient fragment rotation leads to compression of the cranial tibial artery. Intraoperative hemorrhage can be caused by laceration of the main cranial tibial artery or by multiple small branches reaching craniolaterally.
Smoking and COVID-19: A Bane on Motherhood
Authors: Sankhyan Nishat , Jindal Deepti Garg , Multani Rupinder Kaur , Gautam Swati , Thakur Akshita Singh
Published: May 2022

The harmful effects of tobacco have been well known, studied and advertised, however tobacco is still consumed in different forms by all genders. Tobacco smoking during pregnancy is double trouble, considering the already high-risk state of the pregnant female. Smoking in pregnancy and current COVID-19 scenario poses additional challenge to mother and fetus. Nicotine and toxins including carbon monoxide have been proposed to cause maternal and fetal perilous impacts. More studies are needed to find various abnormalities associated with smoking in pregnancy.
Code-to-code comparison and validation of the radiation-hydrodynamics capabilities of the FLASH code using a laboratory astrophysical jet
Authors: Orban Chris , Fatenejad Milad , Lamb Donald Q.
Published: May 2022

The potential for laser-produced plasmas to yield fundamental insights into high energy density physics (HEDP) and deliver other useful applications can sometimes be frustrated by uncertainties in modeling the properties and behavior of these plasmas using radiation-hydrodynamics codes. In an effort to overcome this and to corroborate the accuracy of the HEDP capabilities in the publicly available FLASH radiation-hydrodynamics code, we present detailed code-to-code comparisons between FLASH and the HYDRA code developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory using previously published HYDRA simulations from Grava et al. [Phys. Rev. E 78, 016403 (2008)]. That study describes a laser experiment that produced a jet-like feature that the authors compare to astrophysical jets. Importantly, the Grava et al. [Phys. Rev. E 78, 016403 (2008)] experiment included detailed x-ray interferometric measurements of electron number densities and a time-integrated measurement of the soft x-ray spectrum. Despite markedly different methods for treating the computational mesh, and different equations of state and opacity models, the FLASH results resemble the results from HYDRA and, most importantly, the experimental measurements of electron density. Having validated the FLASH code in this way, we use the code to further investigate and understand the formation of the jet seen in the Grava et al. [Phys. Rev. E 78, 016403 (2008)] experiment and discuss its relation to the Wan et al. [Phys. Rev. E 55, 6293 (1997)] experiment at the NOVA laser.
Magnetic communication by polarization helicity modulation using atomic magnetometers
Authors: Fan Isaac , Knappe Svenja , Gerginov Vladislav
Published: May 2022

The radio frequency telecommunication at a kilohertz range through an electrically conductive medium is often impeded by the strong reflection and absorption at the interface. The polarization helicity of the magnetic field can be modulated/demodulated to provide a new communication protocol to potentiality circumvent these issues. Here, a miniature magnetic quantum receiver, capable of simultaneously discriminating the two possible helicities of a magnetic field, is presented. The core physics package constitutes two optically pumped atomic magnetometers. It is shown that a data rate of 500 bits/s with a carrier frequency of 2 kHz can be efficiently demodulated in an unshielded environment, paving a promising route for the future of radio frequency communication through a conductive barrier.
Entrainment, stopping, and transmission of microwave solitons of self-induced transparency in counter-propagating magnetized electron beam
Authors: Sergeev A. S. , Yurovskiy L. A. , Ginzburg N. S. , Zotova I. V. , Zheleznov I. V. , Rozental R. M. , Rostuntsova A. A. , Ryskin N. M.
Published: May 2022

Based on numerical simulations of a boundary problem, we study various scenarios of microwave soliton formation in the process of cyclotron resonance interaction of a short electromagnetic pulse with a counter-propagating initially rectilinear electron beam taking into account the relativistic dependence of the cyclotron frequency on the electrons’ energy. When a certain threshold in the pulse energy is exceeded, the incident pulse can propagate without damping in the absorbing beam, similar to the effect of self-induced transparency in optics. However, mutual motion of the wave and electrons can lead to some novel effects. For relatively small energy of the incident pulse, the microwave soliton is entrained by the electron beam opposite to the direction of the wave's group velocity. With an increase in the pulse energy, soliton stopping occurs. This regime is characterized by the close-to-zero pulse velocity and can be interpreted as a variety of the “light stopping.” High-energy microwave solitons propagate in the direction of the unperturbed group velocity. Their amplitude may exceed the amplitude of the incident pulse, i.e., nonlinear self-compression takes place. A further increase in the incident energy leads to the formation of additional high-order solitons whose behavior is similar to that of the first-order ones. The characteristics of each soliton (its amplitude and duration) correspond to analytical two-parametric soliton solutions that are to be found from consideration of the unbounded problem.
Ion temperature effects on plasma flow in the magnetic mirror configuration
Authors: Sabo A. , Smolyakov A. I. , Yushmanov P. , Putvinski S.
Published: May 2022

Effects of finite ion temperature on the plasma flow in the converging–diverging magnetic field, the magnetic mirror, or equivalently, magnetic nozzle configuration are studied using a quasineutral paraxial two-fluid MHD model with isothermal electrons and warm magnetized ions. The ion acceleration was studied with an emphasis on the role of the singularity at the sonic point transition. It is shown that the regularity of the sonic point defines a global solution describing plasma acceleration from subsonic to supersonic velocity. Stationary accelerating solutions were obtained and compared with the time dependent dynamics, confirming that the solutions of the time-dependent equations converge to the stationary solutions and, therefore, are stable. The effects of the ion pressure anisotropy were analyzed using the Chew–Golberger–Low model and its generalization. It is shown that the mirror force (manifested by the perpendicular ion pressure) enhances plasma acceleration. The role of ionization and charge exchange on plasma flow acceleration have been investigated.
Phonon scattering and vibrational localization in 2D embedded nanoparticle composites
Authors: Chowdhury Ongira , Feser Joseph P.
Published: May 2022

The frequency domain perfectly matched layer (FDPML) approach is used to study phonon transport in a series of large 2D domains with randomly embedded nanoparticles over a wide range of nanoparticle loadings and wavelengths. The effect of nanoparticle packing density on the mean free path and localization length is characterized. We observe that, in the Mie scattering regime, the independent scattering approximation is valid up to volume fractions exceeding 10% and often higher depending on scattering parameter, indicating that the mean free path can usually be calculated much less expensively using the number density and the scattering cross section of a single scatterer. We also study localization lengths and their dependence on particle loading. For heavy nanoparticles embedded in a lighter material, using the FDPML approach, we only observe localization at volume fractions >30% and only for short wavelength modes where vibrational frequencies exceed those available in the embedded nanoparticles. Using modal analysis, we show that localization in nanoparticle laden materials is primarily due to energetic confinement rather than Anderson localization. We then show that, by using light particles in a heavy matrix, the fraction of confined modes can be substantially increased.
Synthetic turbulence generator for lattice Boltzmann method at the interface between RANS and LES
Authors: Xue Xiao , Yao Hua-Dong , Davidson Lars
Published: May 2022

The paper presents a synthetic turbulence generator (STG) for the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) at the interface of the Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations and the LBM large eddy simulation (LES). We first obtain the RANS velocity field from a finite volume solver at the interface. Then, we apply a numerical interpolation from the RANS velocity field to the LBM velocity field due to the different grid types of RANS and LBM. The STG method generates the velocity fluctuations, and the regularized LBM reconstructs the particle distribution functions at the interface. We perform a turbulent channel flow simulation at Reτ=180 with the STG at the inlet and the pressure-free boundary condition at the outlet. The velocity field is quantitatively compared with the periodic lattice Boltzmann based LES (LES-LBM) channel flow and the direct numerical simulation (DNS) channel flow. Both the adaptation length and time for the STG method are evaluated. Also, we compare the STG-LBM channel flow results with the existing LBM synthetic eddy method (SEM-LBM) results. Our numerical investigations show good agreement with the DNS and periodic LES-LBM channel flow within a short adaptation length. The adaptation time for the turbulent channel flow is quantitatively analyzed and matches the DNS around 1.5–3 domain flow-through time. Finally, we check the auto-correlation for the velocity components at different cross sections of the streamwise direction. The proposed STG-LBM is observed to be both fast and robust. The findings show good potential for the hybrid RANS/LES-LBM based solver on the aerodynamics simulations and a broad spectrum of engineering applications.
Trapping plasmonic nanoparticles with MHz electric fields
Authors: Harlaftis Filippos , Kos Dean , Lin Qianqi , Lim Kevin T. P. , Dumesnil Calvin , Baumberg Jeremy J.
Published: May 2022

Dielectrophoresis drives the motion of nanoparticles through the interaction of their induced dipoles with a non-uniform electric field. We experimentally observe rf dielectrophoresis on 100 nm diameter gold nanoparticles in a solution and show that for MHz frequencies, the nanoparticles can reversibly aggregate at electrode gaps. A frequency resonance is observed at which reversible trapping of gold nanoparticle “clouds” occurs in the gap center, producing almost a 1000-fold increase in density. Through accounting for gold cores surrounded by a conducting double layer ion shell, a simple model accounts for this reversibility. This suggests that substantial control over nanoparticle separation is possible, enabling the formation of equilibrium nanoarchitectures in specific locations.
Residence times of polydisperse dilute suspensions in sheared and extensional flows
Authors: Hervieu B. , Besq A. , Angilella J. R.
Published: May 2022

The residence time distribution (RTD) of tiny particles advected in flows primarily depends on the flow characteristics and is often approximated by the RTD of the carrying fluid itself. However, when particles have a finite response time, their residence times can significantly differ from those of fluid particles. Even though RTDs are frequently used in numerical or experimental studies, general theoretical results about the effect of the particle characteristics on the RTD are still missing, especially when the suspension is polydisperse. The present work focuses on plane shear and extensional flows, which are of crucial importance in many devices transporting inertial particles. It is known that shear and stretching lead to different signatures in the RTD of fluid particles: algebraic for the former and exponential for the latter. In this paper, these signatures are generalized theoretically to the case of polydisperse suspensions of weakly inertial particles. Our results show how flow gradients and polydispersity contribute to residence time distributions. They are shown to agree with RTDs calculated from statistics obtained from numerical simulations.
Switchability of a single port SAW resonator using the electrical Bragg band gap
Authors: Alcorta Galván R. , Croënne C. , Dubus B. , Loiseaux B. , Eustache E. , Bertrand M. , Hladky-Hennion A.-C.
Published: May 2022

A proof of concept of a new solution for achieving tunable SAW components based on the electrical Bragg band gap concept developed for piezoelectric phononic crystals is presented on a SAW resonator on a LiNbO3 substrate. In this work, it is shown that for a fixed geometry, it is possible to shift the main resonance frequency by modifying the electrical condition on the electrodes that constitute the cavity's mirrors. The concept was validated by both numerical simulations and experimental characterization of single port resonators fabricated on LiNbO3.