bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract P413: Association Between Supine Hypertension And Autonomic Impairment In Patients With Autonomic Failure
Authors: Walsh Emily , Diedrich Andre , Biaggioni Italo , Okamoto Luis E
Published: October 2023

Autonomic failure is characterized by an inability to regulate blood pressure (BP). The dominant clinical manifestation of these patients is orthostatic hypotension (OH). However, at least half of them also have supine hypertension, which can arise de novo or due to worsening of preexisting essential hypertension. We hypothesized that, regardless of the cause of hypertension, the loss of baroreflex buffering capacity in these patients contributes to the severity of their hypertension. Thus, we tested whether supine hypertension reflects the severity of autonomic impairment (i.e., reduced BP buffering capacity) in a retrospective cohort of 307 patients (66±1 yr, 183 males, BMI 26.1±0.3) with a diagnosis of neurogenic OH due to multiple system atrophy (MSA, n=95) or peripheral autonomic failure (pAF, n=212). Autonomic impairment was assessed by standard autonomic testing (posture test, Valsalva maneuver [VM], and sinus arrhythmia [SA] ratio) performed off pressor and antihypertensive medications. The association between supine systolic BP (SBP; median [interquartile range, IQR], 146 [130-168] mmHg) and autonomic testing was assessed using multiple regression analyses. After adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and type of autonomic failure (MSA vs. pAF), we found that supine SBP was positively related to age (β=0.33; P=0.034), the severity of OH (the drop in SBP on standing; β= -0.48, P<0.001), and indices of severity of autonomic impairment, including the lack of adequate compensatory increase in heart rate in the setting of OH (ΔHR/ΔSBP, β=-15.43, P=0.044), and lack of recovery of SBP during late phase 2 of the Valsalva maneuver (β=-0.31; P<0.001; model R
2
=0.55, P<0.001). VM and SA ratios were not related to supine hypertension. In conclusion, we postulate that the magnitude of supine hypertension correlates with the severity of autonomic impairment and that both OH and supine hypertension reflect the inability of autonomic failure to regulate blood pressure.
Abstract P435: Barriers For Secondary Hypertension Screening In The Us: A National Physician Survey
Authors: Turcu Adina , Salman Zara , Konzen Sonja , Zhang Lei , Zhao Lili , Suzer Gurtekin Tuba , Vincent Gina , Papaleontiou Maria
Published: October 2023

Background:
Although US and international expert guidelines recommend screening for secondary hypertension in patients with treatment-resistant hypertension (RHTN) and other high-risk groups, screening is conducted in <3% of candidates.

Objective:
To determine barriers for secondary hypertension screening across US practices.

Participants and Measurements:
Internists, family practitioners, cardiologists, nephrologists, and endocrinologists, randomly selected from active members of the American Medical Association were surveyed on barriers for secondary hypertension screening.

Results:
Response rate was 67% (425 of 633 response-eligible physicians). The leading reported barriers preventing secondary hypertension screening included visit time constraints (43.5%), poor ancillary support (29.4%), and testing-related logistics (27.5%). Physicians practicing in large medical groups or staff-model HMO were more likely than physicians in private practice to not have access to specialists (adjusted OR, 95% CI: 4.01 [1.19-13.47]), and to be unfamiliar with screening results interpretation and next steps (2.11 [1.03-4.32]), but less likely to report poor ancillary support (0.47 [0.28-0.79]) or reimbursement concerns (0.29 [0.13-0.63]). Primary care physicians were more likely than endocrinologists (16.67 [2.04-100.00]) and nephrologists (10.00 [1.32-100.00] to lack familiarity with testing interpretation and subsequent steps. Physicians in practices covered primarily by Medicare were more likely to report poor ancillary support (2.02 [1.16-3.53]), and lack of access to specialists (4.96 [1.04-23.52]) as compared to physicians in practices covered primarily by private health insurance.

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest an urgent need to address major barriers to secondary hypertension screening, including ensuring adequate clinic visit time, ancillary support, and timely access to specialists.
Abstract P436: Increased West Nile Virus Infection And Pathology In The Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat
Authors: Hayward Linda F , Zubcevic Jasenka A , Stahl Allison , Evans Jeremy , Yang Tao , Craft Serena , Schwarz Erika R , Barr Kelli L , Beachboard Sally , Long Maureen T
Published: October 2023

Introduction:
West Nile virus (WNV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, causes grave neuroinvasive disease and death, and has been reported in over 55,000 people in the US since 1999. Patients >55 years and those with hypertension are most at risk for WNV-associated mortality. Understanding how hypertension correlates with WNV morbidity and mortality may reduce the burden of this disease. Investigation of WNV in hypertensive people is limited to basic epidemiology. Without an animal model, understanding the causal relationship between hypertension and WNV-associated pathology remains elusive. Here, we tested a novel hypothesis that hypertension will promote WNV infection and pathology in a rodent model of age-dependent chronic hypertension, the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR).

Methods:
Male adult SHR and normotensive WKY rats were implanted with radiotelemetry transmitters for measurements of blood pressure and heart rate. Following baseline measurements, SHR and WKY rats (N=9/gp) were injected with WNV (1 X 10
4
PFU/ml, i.p.). Vehicle injection (PBS, i.p.) was performed in additional WKY and SHR (N=2-3/gp). Each rat was observed for clinical abnormalities, and body weight, blood pressure, and heart rate were measured daily. Rats were sacrificed on days 9 and 10 post-infection (PI). At endpoint, several tissues were processed for measurement of viral load by RT-qPCR and histopathology. Bone marrow and circulating immune cells (CD4
+
, CD8
+
, CD68
+
) were quantified at endpoint by flow cytometry.

Results:
One SHR rat developed neurological symptoms and was euthanized on day 4 PI. Viral load was significantly increased in the SHR kidney and spleen (P<0.001) in SHR compared to WKY rats. In addition, WNV-infection elevated heart rate in the SHR but not the WKY (P<0.0001). SHR also showed elevated circulating CD68
+
monocytes (P<0.05), and a significant increase (P<0.05) in renal pathology was observed in the SHR following WNV infection.

Conclusions:
We demonstrate, for the first time, a positive interaction between high blood pressure and severity of WNV infection in a rodent model of chronic hypertension. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms of this interaction for new therapeutic targets of WNV disease.
Undetectable high-performance liquid chromatography haemoglobin A1c on variant haemoglobin E phenotype
Authors: Marpaung Ferdy Royland , Sadriani Nadia
Published: October 2023

The gold standard for long-term monitoring of diabetic patients is glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), which is routinely tested for glycaemic control. Furthermore, the National glycohemoglobin standardization program (NGSP) has designated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as the reference method for HbA1c measurement. A woman from the Sumba tribe, Indonesia, aged 52, visited the Internal Medicine Clinic for a routine check-up. She had been taking diabetic and hypertension medicines on a regular basis for over 10 years. The HPLC procedure yielded “no result” for the patient’s HbA1c assessment and there was no peak on the HPLC graphic. However, there was a discrepancy between the data history of HbA1c measured by turbidimetric method (average of 51 mmol/mol, reference range < 48 mmol/mol), fasting blood glucose (average of 7.7 mmol/L, reference range < 7.0 mmol/L) and 2-hour plasma glucose (average of 13 mmol/L, reference range < 11.1 mmol/L). Glycated albumin was 3.1 mmol/L (reference range 1.8-2.4 mmol/L). Haemoglobin electrophoresis identified homozygote haemoglobinopathy E (HbE). Patients with haemoglobin variants are proposed to utilize glycated albumin.
Inequality, Relative Deprivation and Financial Distress: Evidence from Swedish Register Data
Authors: Roth Paula
Published: October 2023

Several studies have linked rising insolvency rates to increasing inequality and argued that this might be explained by individuals' desire to “Keep up with the Joneses”. Using unique administrative register data on individual insolvencies in Sweden, I test whether the probability to become insolvent is related to one's income distance relative to peers. Identification relies on area fixed effects, an extensive set of background characteristics and varying the definition of the relevant reference group. I find that higher inequality increases the individual's probability to become insolvent and that this effect is mostly driven by men.
Crime and Mismeasured Punishment: Marginal Treatment Effect with Misclassification
Authors: Possebom Vitor
Published: October 2023

I partially identify the marginal treatment effect (MTE) when the treatment is misclassified. I explore two restrictions, allowing for dependence between the instrument and the misclassification decision. If the signs of the propensity scores' derivatives are equal, I identify the MTE sign. If those derivatives are similar, I bound the MTE. To illustrate, I analyze the impact of alternative sentences (fines and community service v. no punishment) on recidivism in Brazil, where Appeals processes generate misclassification. The estimated misclassification bias may be as large as 10% of the largest possible MTE, and the bounds contain the correctly estimated MTE.
Interpreting and Responding to Pandemics in Philosophical Traditions and Films of India
Authors: Jain Pankaj , Sharma Shikha
Published: October 2023

India and the rest of the world continue to witness waves of COVID-19. In this article, I present myriad examples of ethical issues in the context of pandemics that hit India in the last few centuries. I also analyze the relevance of Indian texts and films in the context of various pandemics. The article quotes several primary and secondary texts to explore interpreting and responding to different pandemics and broader health issues. As the world reels under the COVID mayhem, it is time to take inspiration from various other medical professionals at the forefront of fighting this pandemic. We urgently need their compassion and not any recurrence of colonialism or racism that rears its head even today. Our collective responses to COVID-19 can prompt us to collectively mitigate and adapt to various climate changes across the planet by combining the ideas and imaginations from the “East” and “West.”
Moral Dilemmas of Surrogate Motherhood
Authors: Kavarić Milena , Djoković Rajka
Published: October 2023

In the sphere of new modalities of creating offspring, one of the most controversial issues is related to surrogacy because it opens the space to unforeseeable ethical, legal, sociological and psychological world of dilemmas. Surrogacy is the process whereby a woman carries and gives birth to a baby for a couple who cannot conceive naturally and it has become increasingly popular worldwide. This reproductive method relativized the biological fact of birth and denied the central moment in identifying motherhood, expressed in the ancient Roman proverb that the mother of a child is the woman who gave birth to it. Surrogate motherhood changes the notion of motherhood as it separates the natural functions of a woman as a mother, or it separates the genetic from the gestational motherhood. In such a situation, the biological riddle is: Who is the real mother of the child: the one who gives the genetic material or the one who gives birth to it? The answer to this question opens many moral and ethical dilemmas in complex relationships: the surrogate mother, the couple-clients and the child. As the successful medical practice of giving birth to another undeniably exists in different countries of the world, the further fate of this method of reproduction will significantly depend on ethical justifications.
An Early Assessment of the General Assembly’s 2022 Veto Initiative
Authors: Barber Rebecca
Published: October 2023

In April 2022 the UN General Assembly passed Resolution 76/262, agreeing that every time a veto was cast in the Security Council, the Assembly would meet and consider the matter on which that veto was cast. Since then, Resolution 76/262 has provided the platform for four General Assembly special sessions. Drawing on those sessions, this article assesses the success of Resolution 76/262 according to the two objectives articulated by states at the time of its introduction: increasing the accountability of the Council; and prompting the Assembly to itself take action when the Council fails. In assessing the success of the veto initiative against this second criterion, this article also considers the difference between the special sessions convened pursuant to the Assembly’s Uniting for Peace Resolution, and those convened pursuant to Resolution 76/262. It finds that the latter are not yet being utilized to their full potential.
China and the ITU
Authors: Negro Gianluigi
Published: October 2023

This article maps the evolution of the Chinese activities within the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), with a focus on the Chinese standard-setting experience. It analyzes three different moments of the ITU-China standard-setting history: Audio Video Coding Standards (AVS) from 2002 to 2007; TD-SCDMA and TD-LTE standards from 1998 to 2013; and 5G standards from 2012 to 2013. The study contributes to the literature, first, by demonstrating that China-ITU relations have been useful to China to support the shift from norm taker to norm maker into the standard-setting process through techno-nationalism in the case of AVS, techno-globalism in the case of TD-SCDMA and TD-LTE, and neo-techno-globalism in the case of 5G. Second, it highlights how China benefited from its ITU presence to improve its abilities in lobbying for promoting new standards globally. Third, it highlights the ITU’s role as actor, arena, and antenna in the field of techno-diplomacy and standards’ definition.
The Private Sector and the 2030 Agenda
Authors: Pérez-Pineda Jorge Antonio
Published: October 2023

In 2019, the Second High-Level UN Conference on South-South Cooperation was held, revitalizing South-South and triangular cooperation. It was intended to incorporate the principal advances in the international agenda on the effectiveness of aid, financing, and the 2030 Agenda, which is the framework of this article. From an analytical perspective, the aim is to identify the main challenges posed by the conference for the private sector in its connection with South-South and triangular cooperation in relation to the Sustainable Development Goals, which require multistakeholder approaches in a postpandemic context of international crisis. Three levels of challenges are identified: programmatic, operational, and general.
Serravallo Bark and Iron Wine Tonic, 1890 to 1930s
Authors: Zanier Claudio
Published: October 2023

At the end of 19th century, Trieste, then the main city port of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, produced and exported alcoholic beverages all over the world, including to Islamic countries where alcohol consumption was forbidden. For the latter, beverages were disguised as “medicines”. The Serravallo pharmaceutical plant of Trieste took the lead, sending their medical liquors everywhere, up to the late 1930s. The present essay examines the network of distributors in the Levant and Asia, as well as the astonishingly vast set of supporting advertising instruments, precisely prepared in local languages.
A new species of Discochiton Hodgson & Williams (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) on bamboo from Myanmar
Authors: CHOI JINYEONG , LEE SEUNGHWAN
Published: October 2023

The adult female and first-instar nymph of a new species of Discochiton Hodgson & Williams, 2018, Discochiton bambusae Choi & Lee sp. n. are described and illustrated. They were collected on the culms of Bambusa tulda (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) in Myanmar. The adult female has several unique morphological features, such as a large body, up to 15 mm long; legs much reduced; and sclerotized plates forming submedial bands or patches on the venter. Furthermore, the adult female has more marginal radial lines and stigmatic spines than are found in other Discochiton species. The first-instar nymph is also much larger than those of other Discochiton species, and is also distinct in having tibial setae, and a greater number of spiracular disc-pores and marginal setae compared to those of other species of Discochiton.
Dynamic Recrystallization Behavior of Q370qE Bridge Steel
Authors: Liu Caiyi , Liang Shicheng , Peng Yan , Sun Jianliang , Mapelli Carlo , Barella Silvia , Gruttadauria Andrea , Belfi Marco , Rovatti Ludovica
Published: October 2023

Bridge steel has been widely used in recent years for its excellent performance. Understanding the high-temperature Dynamic Recrystallization (DRX) behavior of high-performance bridge steel plays an important role in guiding the thermomechanical processing process. In the present study, the hot deformation behavior of Q370qE bridge steel was investigated by hot compression tests conducted on a Gleeble 3800-GTC thermal-mechanical physical simulation system at temperatures ranging from 900 ℃ to 1100 ℃ and strain rates ranging from 0.01 s−1 to 10 s−1. The obtained results were used to plot the true stress-strain and work-hardening rate curves of the experimental steel, with the latter curves used to determine the critical strains for the initiation of DRX. The Zener-Hollomon equation was subsequently applied to establish the correspondence between temperature and strain rate during the high-temperature plastic deformation of bridge steel. In terms of the DRX volume fraction solution, a new method for establishing DRX volume fraction was proposed based on two theoretical models. The good weathering and corrosion resistance of bridge steel lead to difficulties in microstructure etching. To solve this, the MTEX technology was used to further develop EBSD data to characterize the original microstructure of Q370qE bridge steel. This paper lays the theoretical foundation for studying the DRX behavior of Q370qE bridge steel.
Efficacy and safety of blonanserin versus risperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Deng Shu-Wen , Xu Qian , Jiang Wen-Long , Hong Bo , Li Bo-Hui , Sun Da-Wei , Yang Hai-Bo
Published: October 2023

Background

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of blonanserin and risperidone for the treatment of schizophrenia and to provide reliable pharmacotherapeutic evidence for in the clinical treatment of schizophrenia.

Methods

We systematically searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases for head-to-head randomized controlled trials that compared blonanserin with risperidone for the treatment of schizophrenia. We extracted the following data: author, year, country, diagnostic criteria, sample size, course of treatment, dosage and outcomes. Our main endpoint was the changes in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total scores. Meta-analysis of the included data was conducted by RevMan 5.3 software. We used the GRADE criteria to evaluate the certainty of the evidence.

Results

A total of 411 studies were initially; 8 trials were eligible and were included in our analysis (N = 1386 participants). Regarding efficacy, there was no difference in changes in the PANSS total scores between the two groups (P > 0.05). In terms of safety, compared to risperidone, the incidence of serum prolactin increases and weight gain in the blonanserin group was lower (P<0.05), but the incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) was higher (P<0.05).

Conclusion

The efficacy of blonanserin is similar to that of risperidone, but it is unclear whether blonanserin is more effective than risperidone at improving cognitive and social function. More high-quality studies are needed to verify the efficacy and safety of blonanserin in the future.
Impact of high dose radiotherapy for breast tumor in locoregionally uncontrolled stage IV breast cancer: a need for a risk-stratified approach
Authors: Kim Nalee , Kim Haeyoung , Park Won , Cho Won Kyung , Kim Tae Gyu , Im Young-Hyuck , Ahn Jin Seok , Park Yeon Hee , Kim Ji-Yeon
Published: October 2023

Aim

Patients with locoregionally uncontrolled breast tumors are frequently referred for breast palliative radiotherapy (PRT) to mitigate symptoms. We analyzed the outcomes following breast PRT to optimize PRT according to risk groups.

Methods

We reviewed 133 patients who underwent breast PRT. A median total dose of 45 Gy was prescribed with an equivalent dose in 2 Gy fractions (EQD2, α/β = 3.5) of 53 Gy. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the prognostic factors of local control (LC).

Results

Most (90.2%) had polymetastatic disease (> 5 lesions), and 48.9% had bone metastasis. With a median follow-up of 17.2 months, the 2-year LC and overall survival (OS) rates were 49.4%, and 48.3%, respectively. Multivariable analyses demonstrated progressive or mixed responses outside the breast and > 2 lines of previous therapy as adverse features for clinical outcomes. Group 1 (0 risk factors) showed favorable 2-year LC and OS of 63.9%, and 72.8%, respectively, whereas group 3 (2 risk factors) showed the worst outcomes of 0%, and 6.8%, respectively. Breast PRT with EQD2 ≥ 63 Gy showed a significant benefit in LC for group 1 and marginal benefit (p = 0.055) for group 2, but no improvement for group 3 (p = 0.300).

Conclusion

Breast PRT showed favorable LC outcomes in patients with stable disease outside the breast and treated with ≤ 2 lines of systemic treatment. Our findings warrant future clinical trials investigating the role of higher than palliative dose and early intervention of PRT in stage IV patients.
Cost-effectiveness of interventions to improve case finding for tuberculosis: developing consensus to motivate investment
Authors: Dowdy David W. , Sohn Hojoon
Published: October 2023

To better evaluate the cost-effectiveness of active case finding for tuberculosis, a framework for estimating long-term cost and impact is needed. We outline such a framework and highlight the need for consensus estimates of which costs to measure; averted morbidity, mortality, and transmission; measurable short-term outcomes; and meaningful cost-effectiveness thresholds.
A Scoping Review of Professionalism in Neurosurgery
Authors: Mangham William , Parikh Kara A. , Motiwala Mustafa , Gienapp Andrew J. , Roach Jordan , Barats Michael , Lillard Jock , Khan Nickalus , Arthur Adam , Michael L. Madison
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education's Milestones provides a foundation for professionalism in residency training. Specific professionalism concepts from neurosurgery could augment and expand milestones for the specialty. We reviewed the current literature and identified professionalism concepts within the context of neurosurgical practice and training.

METHODS:

We used a scoping review methodology to search PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus and identify English-language articles with the search terms “professionalism” and “neurosurgery.” We excluded articles that were not in English, not relevant to professionalism within neurosurgery, or could not be accessed. Non–peer-reviewed and qualitative publications, such as commentaries, were included in the review.

RESULTS:

A total of 193 articles were included in the review. We identified 6 professionalism themes among these results: professional identity (n = 53), burnout and wellness (n = 51), professional development (n = 34), ethics and conflicts of interest (n = 27), diversity and gender (n = 19), and misconduct (n = 9).

CONCLUSION:

These 6 concepts illustrate concerns that neurosurgeons have concerning professionalism. Diversity and gender, professional identity, and misconduct are not specifically addressed in the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education's Milestones. This review could be used to aid the development of organizational policy statements on professionalism.
Assessment of the global healthcare industry during COVID-19 pandemic: A content analysis approach
Authors: Ladki Malik , Daher Latifa , Abou Chacra Robert , Kassis Elie , Ayrout Chady , Moubayed Hadi , Abbas Amal , Boudani Nahed , A Doumit Ralph , Bitar Sylvana , Kizirian Annie , Hasna Rola , Barakat Darine , Faour Wissam H.
Published: October 2023

Background: Content analysis (CA) is an investigative research tool used in healthcare studies to identify imminent challenges while providing lead time for preparedness measures. The objective of this study is to report on the challenges confronting the global healthcare industry.

Methods: This study used the conventional CA “bottom-up” approach to a quantitative data.  CA is a research technique that uses the qualitative research method and word counts to evaluate communication outcomes. A group of executive master’s in business administration (EMBA) and medical students championed the study. Using 13 periodicals as the data sources, researchers conducted online keyword searches for all articles, titles, and abstracts containing the word “healthcare”. The collected data was gathered from five international, four Middle Eastern, and four Lebanese periodicals from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021. Results: CA results indicate remarkable domination of keywords “COVID-19 health impact” as a major worldwide theme. Significant differences were noticeable among subcategories but remained related to COVID-19 in particular, social responsibilities, and research and development. Topics such as comorbid illnesses, social responsibility, healthcare logistics, and the well-being of healthcare service providers were among the least covered topics. Conclusion: Our findings emphasize the importance of global media and their coverage of healthcare issues on the types of healthcare topics (e.g., vaccines, drugs…) covered in the Lebanese periodicals in our study. Thus, global healthcare media are the main source for Lebanese periodicals reporting healthcare issues rather than the Lebanese healthcare authorities. Therefore, there is need for the development of a more efficient technology-driven healthcare management system. At the global level, there is a need to develop a step-by-step action-oriented strategic initiative to respond to emerging pandemics.
Knowledge and awareness of stroke in the United Arab Emirates: a cross-sectional study of the general population
Authors: Jirjees Feras , Al-Obaidi Hala , Barakat Muna , Kharaba Zelal , AlSalamat Husam , Khidhair Zainab , Alfoteih Yassen , Eltayib Eyman , Mansour Sara , Hallit Souheil , Malaeb Diana , Hosseini Hassan
Published: October 2023

Background: The study aimed to assess stroke knowledge among the general population in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and determine the factors associated with stroke awareness among people. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the UAE between September and November 2021. The general population has self-administered an online bilingual survey (Arabic and English) distributed via social media platforms. The questionnaire covered general knowledge about stroke risk factors, consequences of stroke, and responding to somebody with acute stroke attack. Results: A total of 545 surveys were completed, with more than half of the participants being female (58.5%), married (55.4%) and employed (59.4%). The majority were less than 50 years old (90.5%) and had a university degree (71.0%). Many of the participants (70.8%) had a good general knowledge of stroke; however, around 20% of the participants were able to recognize all symptoms and risk factors of stroke. The most common sources of stroke-related information were the internet/social media (53.6%). Females were better able to correctly identify at least one stroke symptom and outcome than males (p=0.008). University education has significantly affected participants’ ability to identify early stroke symptoms (p=0.001) correctly. In addition, diabetic people were more likely to recognize at least one stroke outcome than non-diabetic people (p=0.039). Conclusions: The knowledge of stroke was good among highly educated people and females. However, the awareness of all stroke risk factors, symptoms, consequences and risk factors was inadequate among the general population of the UAE. Thus, there is still a gap between recognition of the relevant stroke and taking action among people.
Few incidentally found interesting foreign objects in human body: a case series
Authors: HATGAONKAR ANAND , HATGAONKAR KAJAL , DHOTE SANDEEP , DHAWAN VAISHALI
Published: October 2023

Foreign bodies are objects that do not typically belong in the human body but can be ingested, inserted, or entered due to injuries. This article presents various cases and examples of foreign bodies, including objects swallowed, objects inserted into the rectum, vagina, urethra, ear, and nose, or due to injuries caused by falls, puncture wounds, and gunshot wounds.

Foreign bodies can be difficult to detect, particularly if they are not inherently radio-opaque, and may be overlooked by patients who cannot provide an adequate history. These foreign bodies may cause harm to the patient. Interpretation is done on radiographs, computed tomography (CT), Ultrasonography (USG), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging studies.

Most foreign objects pass through the gastrointestinal tract without problem; sharp and elongated objects can cause significant injury, and even if they only partially perforate the bowel wall, they can produce chronic inflammatory processes that produce symptoms months or years later. Hence, searching for foreign bodies should be done throughout the gastrointestinal tract, particularly in children and people with mental illness who are more likely to swallow multiple items more than once.

Although rare, various materials can be left behind in the body of a patient after surgery, including large and small wire sutures, surgical drains, and retained sponges, which can cause potential complications and foreign body reactions.

This article highlights the importance of being aware of the presence of foreign bodies in clinical practice, and a thorough search should be carried out using different modalities, especially CT. Great suspicion and early diagnosis of foreign bodies can avoid potential complications and morbidity. In general, it provides information on the diagnosis and treatment of various types of foreign bodies.
Impact of pulmonary hypertension on outcomes of influenza pneumonia patients: A nationwide analysis
Authors: Jain Akhil , Raval Maharshi , Modi Karnav , Kumawat Sunita , Patel Kunal , Kavathia Shrenil , Kataria Sharvilkumar , Kataria Deeti , Garg Monika , Desai Rupak , Dani Sourabha S.
Published: October 2023

Background: Pulmonary hypertension can be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality for influenza pneumonia (IP) patients. We performed analysis from the multicentric National Inpatient Sample (NIS) datasets to study the influence of disorders of pulmonary hypertension on the outcomes in IP patients.

Methods: We used NIS 2016–2019 to identify IP hospitalizations (between 22–90 years of age) and divided them into with and without pulmonary hypertension (herein PHDPC). We analyzed for differences in demographics, primary (all-cause mortality) and other secondary outcomes.

Results: Of 353,460 IP hospitalizations, 6.5% had PHDPC. The PHDPC cohort had more elderly, females, African Americans, and Medicare enrollees predominantly with more hospitalizations to large bed sizes and urban teaching hospitals, and higher cardiovascular comorbidities than non-PHDPC cohort. PHDPC had higher primary outcomes for in-hospital mortality (8.9% vs. 5.8%, adjusted OR 1.4, 95% CI: 1.21–1.61). PHDPC also had higher secondary outcomes for sepsis, septic shock, cardiogenic shock and need for mechanical ventilation, prolonged ventilation, hospital resource utilization for longer mean length of stay, mean hospitalization cost, transfer to other facilities or need for home health care, and high risk for 30-day readmission than the non-PHDPC cohort.

Conclusions: With our study, we provide contemporary data for the outcomes of IP inpatients with pulmonary hypertension and depict worse outcomes for mortality, complications, and hospital resource utilization. Although our study does not include stratification for vaccination status for the outcome, primary care physicians, cardiologists, and pulmonologists should pro-actively educate patients on preventive strategies during the flu season.
Case Report: Chorea an unusual presentation of a patient with clinically isolated syndrome (multiple sclerosis)
Authors: suraweera rasangi , Uthayakumaran S , Kamala Jegu
Published: October 2023

This is a case report of a 26 year old girl who presented with choreiform movements of the upper and lower limbs and generalised tonic clonic seizures who had an entity called clinically isolated syndrome of multiple sclerosis on investigation. The pooled incidence rate in 75 reporting countries was 2.1 per 100,000 persons/year, with 32 years of age being the mean age of diagnosis. But multiple sclerosis is a white matter disease and choreiform movements are due to involvement of the grey matter of the brain. There have only been a few case reports of patients with multiple sclerosis having choreoathetoid movements reported.
Corneal blindness in the developing world: The role of prevention strategies
Authors: Kate Anahita , Basu Sayan
Published: October 2023

Corneal blindness is an important contributor to the burden of global blindness and has a greater prevalence in low-income countries of the developing world where resources and infrastructure are limited. The causes of corneal blindness too are different from high-income countries and include infectious keratitis, ocular trauma, and xerophthalmia. Persons with these indications tend to have unfavourable outcomes after corneal transplantation, limiting their chances of benefitting from this sight-saving procedure. However, most causes of corneal blindness in the developing world are preventable. This highlights the importance of understanding the unique challenges in these regions and the need for targeted interventions. This article discusses various prevention strategies, including primordial, primary, and secondary prevention, aimed at reducing the burden of corneal blindness in low-income countries. These include capacity building, training, and awareness campaigns to reduce the risk factors of ocular trauma, infectious keratitis, and improve access to first aid. It is also important to promote safe eye practices and tackle nutritional deficiencies through public health interventions and policy changes. Providing the required training to general ophthalmologists in the management of basic corneal surgeries and diseases and enhancing the accessibility of eye care services in rural areas will ensure early treatment and prevent sequelae. Current treatment modalities belong to the tertiary level of prevention and are largely limited to corneal transplantation. In developing nations, there is a scarcity of donor corneal tissue necessitating an urgent expansion of eye banking services. Alternative approaches to corneal transplantation such as 3D printed corneas, cultured stem cells, and biomaterials should also be explored to meet this demand. Thus, there is a need for collaborative efforts between healthcare professionals, policymakers, and communities to implement effective prevention strategies and reduce the prevalence of corneal blindness in the developing world.
Measurement of medication adherence among type II diabetes patients attending primary healthcare facilities in Morocco.
Authors: Maryem Arraji , Nadia Al Wachami , Younes Iderdar , Chaimaa El Moubchiri , Yassmine Mourajid , Karima Boumendil , Fatima Zahra Bouchachi , Morad Guennouni , Noureddine El Khoudri , Mohamed Barkaoui , Chahboune Mohamed
Published: October 2023

Background: The aim of this study was to assess medication adherence among Moroccan patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: To achieve this objective, a quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with type 2 diabetes in Morocco. The General Medication Adherence Scale (GMAS) was used to measure medication adherence in this target population. The study received ethical approval from the Moroccan Association for Research and Ethics.

Results: A total of 284 patients were included in the study. Among them, 90.30% of type 2 diabetes patients demonstrated high adherence to their medication treatment, while 5.30% were considered to have moderate adherence and only 4.40% showed partial adherence. However, when the cumulative evaluation of medication adherence towards antidiabetic drugs was conducted, the results confirmed an adherence rate of approximately 95.78%.

Conclusions: The study's findings revealed a high level of medication adherence among type 2 diabetes patients. To sustain these encouraging results, it will be crucial to maintain and value the efforts made by healthcare professionals involved in the care of these patients.
On the distribution and history of Saami verbal derivatives in -š-
Authors: Kuokkala Juha , Koponen Eino
Published: October 2023

The article presents a comparative-historical survey on Saami verbal derivatives with a suffixal *-š- (or *-šš-), based on extensive dictionary data from all Saami languages. The derivatives are divided into several subtypes using structural and functional criteria, and the distribution of each subtype as well as shared derivatives between Saami languages are investigated in order to illuminate the background of each subtype and their interrelations. It is argued that the essive verbs in *-āše̮- (South Saami vealkasjidh ‘appear white’) and denominal verbs in *-uše̮- (North Saami jallošit ‘play the fool’) as well as the diverse *-(e̮)še̮- verbs in the more peripheral languages descend from a single Proto-Saami *-še̮- derivative suffix with a general verbalizer function. The model of this type has probably also contributed to the emergence of the weak-grade *-Všše̮- type, which mainly consists of borrowings adapted from Finnic *-icce- verbs, such as North Saami dárbbašit (~ Finnish tarvitse-) ‘need’.

Kokkuvõte. Juha Kuokkala, Eino Koponen: Saami -š-verbituletiste esinemisest ja ajaloost. Artiklis esitatakse võrdlev-ajalooline uurimus saami *-š- või *-šš- sufiksiga verbituletistest. Uurimus põhineb laialdasel sõnaraamatuainestikul kõigist saami keeltest. Tuletised jaotatakse strukturaalsete ja funktionaalsete kriteeriumide järgi alltüüpideks, ning iga alltüübi esinemist ja mitmele keelele ühiseid tuletisi vaadeldakse alltüupide tausta ja nende suhete selgitamiseks. Selle põhjal järeldame, et essiivsete *-āše̮ -verbide (lõunasaami vealkasjidh ‘paistma valgena’) ja denominaalsete *-še̮ -verbide (põhjasaami jallošit ‘veiderdama’) ning perifeersemate keelte erinevate funktsioonidega *-(e̮)še̮ -verbide taust peitub ühes ühises algsaami *-še̮-tuletusliites, mis algselt kandnud üldse verbistaja ja frekventatiivsufiksi funktsioone. Selle tüübi eeskuju on tõenäoliselt mõjutanud ka nõrgaastmelise *-Všše̮-tüübi tekkimist, mis peamiselt koosneb läänemeresoome *-icce-verbidest mugandatud laenudest, nagu põhjasaami dárbbašit (~ soome tarvitse-) ‘vajama’.
RUSSIAN LABOR MARKET UNDER ECONOMIC SANCTIONS
Authors: Zaharov D. , Kashtanova YEkatyerina , Lobacheva A.
Published: October 2023

This article discusses the current state, trends and forecasts for the development of the Russian labor market in 2023. In the trends in the development of the market for goods and services, which directly affects the labor market, it is important that the export of Russian goods is carried out, despite the spreading sanctions, the prices for these goods may be lower than they were before, but the total volume of exported products remains at a high level. Russia manages to sell a larger volume of goods, but their cost is lower than it was before. Trends in the labor market in Russia show the opposite effect of the situation of the economic crisis — organizations are actively looking for workforce. The long-term effect of the influence of certain factors on the current labor market has affected: lack of labor, migration of personnel from one region to another, movement between different industries and services. As a result of such movements, there is a certain increase in wages, because, changing the place of work, the employee, under any external circumstances, seeks to get a new job with an increase in wages.
THE COMPANY’SšMISSION IS AN IMPORTANT ELEMENT OFšTHE MANAGER’S MANAGERIAL ARSENAL
Authors: Tverdola N. , Chernikova Ya.
Published: October 2023

The article presents five arguments that justify the growing need for business leaders to formulate the company’s mission, to follow it daily and to communicate it to their team. reviewed a number of studies that speak to the real situation in business, as well as a direct connection of business success with the willingness and ability of the leader to clearly explain to his team how everything each of them does is related to this mission statement. The concept of a mission is analyzed, the basic rules that should be followed when formulating a business mission and the most common mistakes. The experience of formulating and using the mission in working with the personnel of some companies, which contributed to their transformation into the largest brands in the world, is considered. Their mission statements are given.
Factors associated with rural aging in Brazilian municipalities: an analysis using quantile regressions
Authors: De Moura Vogt Camila , Fochezatto Adelar
Published: October 2023

In rural Brazil, aging is an important phenomenon for the future of the country’s agricultural production. This process is associated with both increased life expectancy and rural-urban migration. According to studies on migration, young people are more likely to change their place of residence, being attracted by the existence of work opportunities and, consequently, repulsed by their scarcity. This study assumes the rate of rural aging tends to be higher in places where the ratio of urban to rural work opportunities is high. Thus, using spatial dependence models and quantile analysis of data from the 2017 Agricultural Census, the effects of factors associated with income, agrarian structure, and location on rural aging in Brazilian municipalities were assessed. The results suggest rural areas with low attractiveness situated close to urban centers are the most susceptible to population aging and, consequently, rural depopulation.
De la radio escolar al audio educativo en tiempos de audificación: el caso de Castilla y León.
Authors: Sánchez-Serrano Chelo , Pérez-Maíllo Aurora , Arias García Elisa , Arcos Trancho Susana
Published: October 2023

Las modalidades de uso educativo de la radio y del audio se conforman como herramientas y espacios de aprendizaje para la innovación docente y el desarrollo de la competencia digital. Sumergidos en la era de la audificación, en este artículo se identifican las nuevas modalidades y funciones de la radio y del pódcast educativo en la era digital, mientras se propone una definición y categorización del audio educativo. Para ello se relacionan y analizan, a partir de una metodología cuantitativa y cualitativa, 29 iniciativas de audio educativo implementadas en centros escolares de Castilla y León, en las que están involucrados alrededor de 1.000 alumnos. Entre los resultados más relevantes se confirma que el concepto audio educativo permite aglutinar todas las modalidades de radio escolar y audio digital. Así mismo, en este primer estudio se confirma el incremento en el número de profesores que utilizan esta herramienta como metodología de innovación. Las conclusiones apuntan a un claro liderazgo de los centros públicos y del profesorado femenino, mientras se constata que la difusión de los proyectos se hace de forma digital. Este trabajo abre futuras líneas de investigación que permitirán ampliar no solo el corpus de estudio, sino también confirmar si estamos ante una edad de oro de la radio y/o el audio educativo.
Twitter com a oportunitat: identitats LGTB+, comunitat i seguretat
Authors: Mora Enguix Natàlia
Published: October 2023

Aquest treball de fi de grau proposa submergir-se en la xarxa social Twitter amb l'objectiu d'abordar tres preguntes fonamentals en referència al col·lectiu LGTB+. Al llarg d'aquesta investigació, es pretén explorar el paper que exerceixen les xarxes socials en la vida de les persones pertanyents a aquest col·lectiu, així com analitzar l'ús que fan de la plataforma Twitter. Una de les interrogants centrals que es planteja és comprendre si Twitter representa un espai segur per al col·lectiu LGTB+. Per a això, es realitzarà una anàlisi exhaustiva de les experiències, interaccions i dinàmiques que tenen lloc en aquesta xarxa social. En segon lloc, s'investigarà com les usuàries LGTB+ utilitzen Twitter com a mitjà per expressar la seva identitat, així com les estratègies que emprenen per autodescriure's i relacionar-se amb altres membres de la comunitat. Finalment, s'examinarà el concepte de “comunitat” en el context exclusivament en línia i s'avaluarà la rellevància social de la presència digital de les persones LGTB+ a Twitter, tant a nivell individual com col·lectiu. Amb la finalitat d'acotar l'abast de la investigació, se centrarà en un grup específic d'usuaris dedicats als videojocs Uncharted, The Last of Us i Apex Legends, dins dels milions d'usuaris que conformen la plataforma. Cal destacar que aquesta investigació s'ha dut a terme mitjançant una etnografia digital, la qual ha implicat la creació de vincles d'amistat amb els participants, els quals han atorgat el seu consentiment informat per formar part d'aquest estudi. Aquesta metodologia ha permès obtenir una comprensió més profunda de les experiències i perspectives de les persones LGTB+ a Twitter, enriquint així els resultats de la investigació.
Dolores Juliano: antropóloga, feminista y ante todo maestra
Authors: Santamaría Lorenzo Enrique
Published: October 2023

En este artículo se recogen ligeramente corregidas las palabras que el autor pronunció en la mesa redonda “Dolores Juliano, memoria y legado”, del acto de homenaje que la Comisión de Igualdad de las Facultades de Filosofía y Geografía e Historia de la Universitat de Barcelona, con la colaboración del Departamento de Antropología Social, dedicaron el 10 de febrero de 2023 a la antropóloga Dolores Juliano, con motivo de la celebración del día Internacional de la Mujer y la Niña en la Ciencia.