bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are there curricular differences between biology-based and application-based "bio" engineering disciplines?
Authors:   Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 5V6 Canada, Mann Danny , Morrison Jason
Published: November 2022

Several authors have previously promoted the transformation of the application-based agricultural engineering discipline into a biology-based biological engineering discipline. A systematic analysis of titles for courses being taught by ASABE-umbrella programs across North America was undertaken to identify curricular differences between biology-based and application-based “bio” engineering disciplines. Based on 44 ASABE-umbrella programs analyzed, the four most commonly used program names were biological engineering (25%), biosystems engineering (20%), biological systems engineering (15.9%) and agricultural engineering (13.6%). Definitions of these four program names were reviewed; biosystems, biological systems and agricultural engineering are typically defined such that they are best described as application-based “bio” engineering disciplines while biological engineering is best described as a biology-based engineering discipline. Based on statistical analysis of the frequency of words in course titles, there was a significant increase in the usage of the word “food” and a lack of the word “project” in the course titles within biological engineering programs. Over half of the unique options were found in biological engineering programs suggesting that they do offer unique course content compared with biosystems, biological systems and agricultural engineering degree programs, however, it is noteworthy that four options appear across all four degrees. It is concluded that there are curricular differences between biology-based and application-based “bio” engineering disciplines, however, the curricular differences are not as substantive as one might conclude from the philosophical discussions in the literature. Alternatively, it may simply not be possible to detect curricular differences solely from an analysis of the course titles
Super-resolution imaging uncovers the nanoscopic segregation of polarity proteins in epithelia
Authors: Mangeol Pierre , Massey-Harroche Dominique , Richard Fabrice , Concordet Jean-Paul , Lenne Pierre-François , Le Bivic André
Published: November 2022

Epithelial tissues acquire their integrity and function through the apico-basal polarization of their constituent cells. Proteins of the PAR and Crumbs complexes are pivotal to epithelial polarization, but the mechanistic understanding of polarization is challenging to reach, largely because numerous potential interactions between these proteins and others have been found, without a clear hierarchy in importance. We identify the regionalized and segregated organization of members of the PAR and Crumbs complexes at epithelial apical junctions by imaging endogenous proteins using stimulated‐emission‐depletion microscopy on Caco-2 cells, and human and murine intestinal samples. Proteins organize in submicrometric clusters, with PAR3 overlapping with the tight junction (TJ) while PALS1-PATJ and aPKC-PAR6β form segregated clusters that are apical of the TJ and present in an alternated pattern related to actin organization. CRB3A is also apical of the TJ and partially overlaps with other polarity proteins. Of the numerous potential interactions identified between polarity proteins, only PALS1-PATJ and aPKC-PAR6β are spatially relevant in the junctional area of mature epithelial cells, simplifying our view of how polarity proteins could cooperate to drive and maintain cell polarity.
The biospheric emergency calls for scientists to change tactics
Authors: Racimo Fernando , Valentini Elia , Rijo De León Gaston , Santos Teresa L , Norberg Anna , Atmore Lane M , Murray Myranda , Hakala Sanja M , Olsen Frederik Appel , Gardner Charlie J , Halder Julia B
Published: November 2022

Our current economic and political structures have an increasingly devastating impact on the Earth’s climate and ecosystems: we are facing a biospheric emergency, with catastrophic consequences for both humans and the natural world on which we depend. Life scientists – including biologists, medical scientists, psychologists and public health experts – have had a crucial role in documenting the impacts of this emergency, but they have failed to drive governments to take action in order to prevent the situation from getting worse. Here we, as members of the movement Scientist Rebellion, call on life scientists to re-embrace advocacy and activism – which were once hallmarks of academia – in order to highlight the urgency and necessity of systemic change across our societies. We particularly emphasise the need for scientists to engage in nonviolent civil resistance, a form of public engagement which has proven to be highly effective in social struggles throughout history.
Abusos y sacerdocio
Authors:   Istituto di Antropologia. Pontificia Università Gregoriana. Italia, Portillo Daniel
Published: November 2022

Desde que salieron a la luz los primeros casos de abuso en la iglesia católica, el tema ha sacudido a la institución eclesial en todas sus estructuras internas. El presente artículo sostiene que, para abordar de manera justa y responsable los abusos sexuales y no sexuales cometidos por clérigos, se deben tomar en consideración tanto la visión sistémica de la Iglesia, con todas sus posibles dinámicas anómalas, como también la teología del sacerdocio ministerial que puede haber actuado en connivencia con la conducta abusiva y haberla facilitado.
Evaluation of Ovarian Reserve among Newly Diagnosed Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis Related Subclinical and Overt Hypothyroid Reproductive Women: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Pullaiah Akinepalli , Arumalla Veerendra Kumar
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Thyroid autoimmunity is amore common autoimmune disease among reproductive women. It is proposed that, thyroid peroxidase antibodies pass through the blood follicle barrier during follicular development which damages the growing follicles and oocytes. Previous studies have demonstrated the association between thyroid autoimmunity and ovarian failure. Serum Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) levels are used as a marker of ovarian reserve in clinical practice. Aim: To evaluate ovarian reserve among newly diagnosed Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis (HT) related subclinical and overt hypothyroid women. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College Nalgonda, Telangana, India, from August 2020 to July 2021. The study included 180 subjects, 60 in each Overt Hypothyroid (OH group), Subclinical Hypothyroid (SCH group) and Euthyroid subjects (EU group). Socio-demographic details and other parameters age, Body Mass Index (BMI), AMH, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), free T4 (fT4), Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies (TPOAb), Follicular Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Estradiol (E2), Antral Follicular Count (AFC) were evaluated and compared in all the three groups. The above data were recorded and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 and the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test, Chi-square test, and Spearman’s correlation test were performed for statistical analysis. Results: The median age, BMI, and total AFC were not statistically significant (p-value >0.05). Serum TPOAb levels were significantly (p-value <0.001) high in the OH group and SCH group when compared to the EU group. The AMH levels were significantly (p-value=0.015) high inthe EU group compared to the OH group, but there were no statistically significant differences among other groups. The AMH values were negatively correlated with age among all the three groups. There was no significant correlation between AMH and other parameters analysed among different groups. Conclusion: The AMH levels were significantly low in the OH group when compared to the EU group. There were no statistically significant differences among other groups. Age was found to be an independent factor for low AMH levels among all the three groups.
The Charisma of 3D Imaging in Managing Endodontic Mishaps in Calcified Canal: A Case Report
Authors: Shah Ruchi , Shah Palak P , Dwivedi Aparna , Shah Nimisha C , Dedania Meet Kumar
Published: November 2022

Management of calcified canals is always challenging and is much more prone to mishaps such as perforations and ledge formations. The Two-dimensional (2D) imaging has a limitation, the 2D image of a Three-dimensional (3D) structure overlaps adjacent structures even over the root canals. This can create large confusion during treatment. Here, we are reporting a case where 2D imaging misled the treatment and 3D imaging evolved as a magical tool. A 32-year-old female, presented with complaints of pain, blackish discolouration and repeated sinus tract formation after her initial sitting of previous root canal treatment with upper right front tooth #11. On the radiograph, improper obturation and periapical radiolucency were evident. Hence, re-root canal treatment was advised and initiated. Gutta-percha was removed and radiographs were taken to ensure the removal of gutta-percha followed by working length estimation, which was satisfactory. After following all irrigation protocols, calcium hydroxide was placed as intracanal medicament but the patient came after 2 days with a draining pus sinus. The same happened with double antibiotic paste. Hence, Cone-beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) was advised. A buccal perforation and calcified unnegotiated canal were evident in all sections of CBCT. With the consent of the patient, the canal was again negotiated and guided with multiple angled radiographs. Intraoperative CBCT was advised with a master gutta-percha cone to verify the correct position of the canal. After verification, perforation was sealed with biodentine followed by obturation with crown placement in subsequent visits. Thus, 2D imaging can be misleading and 3D imaging is a guiding tool.
Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP) I405V (rs5882) Polymorphism Affects Plasma Lipid Parameters and Lipoprotein Ratio in Hyperlipidemic Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Momoh Johnson Oshiobugie , Godonu Kolawole Gbemavo
Published: November 2022

Background: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and other lipoproteins are metabolized in part by the cholesteryl ester transport protein (CETP). Cardiovascular risk and the occurrence of ischemic stroke are linked to polymorphism in the CETP gene.

Methodology: For the study, 100 ischemic stroke patients and 100 controls with matched sexes and ages ranging from 46 to 87 were chosen. Lipoprotein ratios were computed using Excel software, and lipid parameters were evaluated using Randox diagnostic kits. Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and 2% gel electrophoresis were used to genotype the CETP gene. The genotyping of the CETP gene were performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) combined with 2% gel electrophoresis.

Results: There were significant difference (P<0.0001) in the genotypic and allelic frequencies of CETP SNP between the healthy and patients with ischemic stroke. The frequencies of I/I, I/V and V/V genotypes of the CETP gene were 48%, 37% and 15% for the control and 17%, 33% and 50%, for the stroke subjects, respectively. The frequencies of I and V alleles were 67% and 33% for the control and 37.5% and 62.5% for the stroke subjects, respectively. The V allele carriers of CETP gene had higher plasma TC, TG, VLDL-C, LDL-C, Non-HDL-C, defective HDL-C, HDL2-C and HDL3-C when compared to the I allele carriers for both subjects. The V allele carriers were responsible for the increase in dyslipidemia for both subjects.

Conclusion: The results of this study show that mutation of CETP I405V (rs5882) polymorphism causes an increased in plasma TC, TG, VLDL-C, LDL-C, Non-HDL-C, defective HDL-C, HDL2-C and HDL3-C concentration and is associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke.
The Current Situation and Management of Omicron with Children in Russia: A Review
Authors: Gusev Alexey , Vladislav Chernikov , Daun Xianglong , Chen Jiaqi , Yatsyk Sergey , Yan Xianpeng , Feng Jianying , Wang Jiemin , Jiao Fuyong
Published: November 2022

Omicron is a newly discovered new variant virus, which spreads rapidly around  Russia and the world and has a great impact. It is designated as a variant of concern (VOC) by the World Health Organization. Its characteristic of epidemiology, distribution, pathogenic and clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prevention is still being observed and summarized, and Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 infection are nonspecific, especially in preterm infants. Since there are few reports on the diagnosis and treatment of children with this infection. This article studies the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of omicron in Russian children, to improve the understanding and attention to the disease.
Upper Palaeolithic evidence from Kilmelfort Cave, Argyll
Authors: Saville Alan , Ballin Torben Bjarke
Published: November 2022

An assemblage of flint and quartz artefacts recovered during the destruction of Kilmelfort Cave,Argyll, in 1956, was initially attributed to the Mesolithic period. In this paper the assemblage is reanalysedand the conclusion that it represents the residue of human occupation at the site duringthe Late Glacial Interstadial is reached. Typological considerations indicate the assemblage isof Curve-Backed Point Group (Federmessergruppen) affiliation and likely to date to the 12thmillennium 14C yr bp. Significantly, the evidence from Kilmelfort provides the first substantiveindication of the presence of Late Upper Palaeolithic hunters in Scotland.
Rate of Recurrence After Discontinuing Anticoagulation Therapy in Patients With COVID-19–Associated Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Jara-Palomares Luis , Bikdeli Behnood , Jiménez David , Muriel Alfonso , Martin del Pozo Mar , Demelo-Rodríguez Pablo , Monreal Manuel
Published: November 2022

This cohort study assesses the rate of recurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with COVID-19–associated VTE who discontinued anticoagulation therapy.
Evaluation of Cannabis Use Among US Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic Within Different Legal Frameworks
Authors: Black Joshua C. , Amioka Elise , Iwanicki Janetta L. , Dart Richard C. , Monte Andrew A.
Published: November 2022

This cross-sectional study analyzes the prevalence of cannabis use by US adults during the COVID-19 pandemic within different legal frameworks and evaluates differences in associated behaviors.
Trends in the Use of Opioids vs Nonpharmacologic Treatments in Adults With Pain, 2011-2019
Authors: Pritchard Kevin T. , Baillargeon Jacques , Lee Wei-Chen , Raji Mukaila A. , Kuo Yong-Fang
Published: November 2022

Importance

Chronic pain prevalence among US adults increased between 2010 and 2019. Yet little is known about trends in the use of prescription opioids and nonpharmacologic alternatives in treating pain.

Objectives

To compare annual trends in the use of prescription opioids, nonpharmacologic alternatives, both treatments, and neither treatment; compare estimates for the annual use of acupuncture, chiropractic care, massage therapy, occupational therapy, and physical therapy; and estimate the association between calendar year and pain treatment based on the severity of pain interference.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A serial cross-sectional analysis was conducted using the nationally representative Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to estimate the use of outpatient services by cancer-free adults with chronic or surgical pain between calendar years 2011 and 2019. Data analysis was performed from December 29, 2021, to August 5, 2022.

Exposures

Calendar year (2011-2019) was the primary exposure.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The association between calendar year and mutually exclusive pain treatments (opioid vs nonpharmacologic vs both vs neither treatment) was examined. A secondary outcome was the prevalence of nonpharmacologic treatments (acupuncture, chiropractic care, massage therapy, occupational therapy, and physical therapy). All analyses were stratified by pain type.

Results

Among the unweighted 46 420 respondents, 9643 (20.4% weighted) received surgery and 36 777 (79.6% weighted) did not. Weighted percentages indicated that 41.7% of the respondents were aged 45 to 64 years and 55.0% were women. There were significant trends in the use of pain treatments after adjusting for demographic factors, socioeconomic status, health conditions, and pain severity. For example, exclusive use of nonpharmacologic treatments increased in 2019 for both cohorts (chronic pain: adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.72; 95% CI, 2.30-3.21; surgical pain: aOR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.13-2.08) compared with 2011. The use of neither treatment decreased in 2019 for both cohorts (chronic pain: aOR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.37-0.49; surgical pain: aOR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.46-0.75) compared with 2011. Among nonpharmacologic treatments, chiropractors and physical therapists were the most common licensed healthcare professionals.

Conclusions and Relevance

Among cancer-free adults with pain, the annual prevalence of nonpharmacologic pain treatments increased and the prevalent use of neither opioids nor nonpharmacologic therapy decreased for both chronic and surgical pain cohorts. These findings suggest that, although access to outpatient nonpharmacologic treatments is increasing, more severe pain interference may inhibit this access.
Nicotine Addiction and Intensity of e-Cigarette Use by Adolescents in the US, 2014 to 2021
Authors: Glantz Stanton , Jeffers Abra , Winickoff Jonathan P.
Published: November 2022

Importance

As e-cigarettes have become more effective at delivering the addictive drug nicotine, they have become the dominant form of tobacco use by US adolescents.

Objective

To measure intensity of use of e-cigarettes, cigarettes, and other tobacco products among US adolescents and their dependence level over time.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This survey study analyzed the cross-sectional National Youth Tobacco Surveys from 2014 to 2021. Confirmatory analysis was conducted using Youth Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System from 2015 to 2019. The surveys were administered to national probability samples of US students in grades 6 to 12.

Exposures

Use of e-cigarettes and other tobacco products before and after the introduction of e-cigarettes delivering high levels of nicotine.

Main Outcomes and Measures

First tobacco product used, age at initiation of use, intensity of use (days per month), and nicotine addiction (measured as time after waking to first use of any tobacco product).

Results

A total of 151 573 respondents were included in the analysis (51.1% male and 48.9% female; mean [SEM] age, 14.57 [0.03] years). Prevalence of e-cigarette use peaked in 2019 and then declined. Between 2014 and 2021, the age at initiation of e-cigarette use decreased, and intensity of use and addiction increased. By 2017, e-cigarettes became the most common first product used (77.0%). Age at initiation of use did not change for cigarettes or other tobacco products, and changes in intensity of use were minimal. By 2019, more e-cigarette users were using their first tobacco product within 5 minutes of waking than for cigarettes and all other products combined. Median e-cigarette use also increased from 3 to 5 d/mo in 2014 to 2018 to 6 to 9 d/mo in 2019 to 2020 and 10 to 19 d/mo in 2021.

Conclusions and Relevance

The changes detected in this survey study may reflect the higher levels of nicotine delivery and addiction liability of modern e-cigarettes that use protonated nicotine to make nicotine easier to inhale. The increasing intensity of use of modern e-cigarettes highlights the clinical need to address youth addiction to these new high-nicotine products over the course of many clinical encounters. In addition, stronger regulation, including comprehensive bans on the sale of flavored tobacco products, should be implemented.
Vascular endothelial‐cadherin as a marker of endothelial injury in preclinical Alzheimer disease
Authors: Tarawneh Rawan , Kasper Rachel S. , Sanford Jessie , Phuah Chia‐Ling , Hassenstab Jason , Cruchaga Carlos
Published: November 2022

Objective

Endothelial dysfunction is an early and prevalent pathology in Alzheimer disease (AD). We here investigate the value of vascular endothelial‐cadherin (VEC) as a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) marker of endothelial injury in preclinical AD.

Methods

Cognitively normal participants (Clinical Dementia Rating [CDR] 0) from the Knight Washington University‐ADRC were included in this study (n = 700). Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite (PACC) scores, CSF VEC, tau, p‐tau181, Aβ42/Aβ40, neurofilament light‐chain (NFL) levels, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessments of white matter injury (WMI) were obtained from all participants. A subset of participants underwent brain amyloid imaging using positron emission tomography (amyloid‐PET) (n = 534). Linear regression examined associations of CSF VEC with PACC and individual cognitive scores in preclinical AD. Mediation analyses examined whether CSF VEC mediated effects of CSF amyloid and tau markers on cognition in preclinical AD.

Results

CSF VEC levels significantly correlated with PACC and individual cognitive scores in participants with amyloid (A+T±N±; n = 558) or those with amyloid and tau pathologies (A+T+N±; n = 259), after adjusting for covariates. CSF VEC also correlated with CSF measures of amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration and global amyloid burden on amyloid‐PET scans in our cohort. Importantly, our findings suggest that CSF VEC mediates associations of CSF Aβ42/Aβ40, p‐tau181, and global amyloid burden with cognitive outcomes in preclinical AD.

Interpretation

Our results support the utility of CSF VEC as a marker of endothelial injury in AD and highlight the importance of endothelial injury as an early pathology that contributes to cognitive impairment in even the earliest preclinical stages.
Removal of Interlayer Water of two Ti3C2Tx MXenes as a Versatile Tool for Controlling the Fermi‐Level Pinning‐Free Schottky Diodes with Nb:SrTiO3
Authors: Makaryan Taron , Okada Yasuaki , Kondo Hiroyuki , Kawasaki Seiji , Suzuki Keigo
Published: November 2022

Striving for the sixth‐generation communication technology discovery, semiconductors beyond Si with wider bandgaps as well as non‐conventional metals are actively being sought to achieve high speeds whilst maintaining devices miniaturization. 2D materials may provide the potential for downsizing, but their functional advantage over existing counterparts still longs to be discovered. Along that path, surface‐adsorbed or bulk‐intercalated water molecules remaining after wet‐chemical synthesis of 2D materials are generally seen as obstacles to high‐performance achievement. Herein, the control of such water within the interlayers of solution‐processed metallic 2D titanium carbide (MXene) by vacuum annealing duration is demonstrated. Moreover, the impact of water removal on work function (WF) and functional terminations is unveiled for the first time. Furthermore, the usefulness of such water for controlling a novel Schottky diode in contact with an n‐type oxide semiconductor, niobium‐doped strontium titanate (Nb:SrTiO3) is observed. The advantage of MXene compared to conventional gold as facile processing, WF tunability, and lower turn‐on voltage in the Schottky anode application is highlighted. This fundamental study shows the way for a novel Schottky diode preparation in atmospheric conditions and provides implications for further research directions aiming at commercialization.
4D Printing of Overall Radiopaque Customized Bionic Occlusion Devices
Authors: Lin Cheng , Huang Zhipeng , Wang Qinglong , Zou Zhichen , Wang Wenbo , Liu Liwu , Liu Yanju , Leng Jinsong
Published: November 2022

Percutaneous closure of ventricular septal defect (VSD) can effectively occlude abnormal blood flow between ventricles. However, commonly used Nitinol occlusion devices have non‐negligible limitations, such as nondegradability leading to life‐threatening embolization; limited device size predisposing to displacement and wear; only a few radiopaque markers resulting in inaccurate positioning. Nevertheless, the exploration of customized, biodegradable, and overall radiopaque occluders is still vacant. Here, overall radiopaque, biodegradable, and dynamic reconfigurable 4D printed VSD occluders are developed. Based on wavy bionic structures, various VSD occluders are designed and manufactured to adapt to the position diversity of VSD. The customized configuration, biocompatibility, and biodegradability of the developed 4D printed bionic occluders can eliminate the series of complications caused by traditional occluders. The overall radiopacity of 4D printed VSD occluders is validated ex vivo and in vivo, whereby accurate positioning can be assured. Notably, the preparation strategies for 4D printed occluders are scalable, eliminating the barriers to mass production, and marking a meaningful step in bridging the gap between modeling and clinical application of 4D printed occlusion devices. This work opens attractive perspectives for the rapid manufacturing of customized intelligent medical devices for which overall radiopacity, dynamic reconfigurability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability are sought.
Probiotic‐Inspired Nanomedicine Restores Intestinal Homeostasis in Colitis by Regulating Redox Balance, Immune Responses, and the Gut Microbiome
Authors: Xu Jiaqi , Xu Junchao , Shi Tongfei , Zhang Yinlong , Chen Fangman , Yang Chao , Guo Xinjing , Liu Guangna , Shao Dan , Leong Kam W. , Nie Guangjun
Published: November 2022

Microbiota‐based therapeutics offer innovative strategies to treat inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). However, the poor clinical outcome so far and the limited flexibility of the bacterial approach call for improvement. Inspired by the health benefits of probiotics in alleviating symptoms of bowel diseases, bioartificial probiotics are designed to restore the intestinal microenvironment in colitis by regulating redox balance, immune responses, and the gut microbiome. The bioartificial probiotic comprises two components: an E. coli Nissle 1917‐derived membrane (EM) as the surface and the biodegradable diselenide‐bridged mesoporous silica nanoparticles (SeM) as the core. When orally administered, the probiotic‐inspired nanomedicine (SeM@EM) adheres strongly to the mucus layer and restored intestinal redox balance and immune regulation homeostasis in a murine model of acute colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate. In addition, the respective properties of the EM and SeM synergistically alter the gut microbiome to a favorable state by increasing the bacterial diversity and shifting the microbiome profile to an anti‐inflammatory phenotype. This work suggests a safe and effective nanomedicine that can restore intestinal homeostasis for IBDs therapy.
Unlock the Potassium Storage Behavior of Single‐Phased Tungsten Selenide Nanorods via Large Cation Insertion
Authors: Zhao Zhongchen , Xu Tian , Yu Xuebin
Published: November 2022

Metal chalcogenide anodes with a layered structure have been regarded as potential K‐based electrochemical energy storage devices with high energy density for large‐scale energy storage applications. However, their development is impeded by the slow K‐ion transport kinetics and poor structural stability. In this work, the energy‐storage behavior is investigated first and decisively associated them with the capacity‐degradation of the promising layer‐structured WSe2 from an integrated chemical and physical point of view. Then, a single‐phased WSe2 with pre‐intercalated high K content (SP‐KxWSe2) is designed to overcome the capacity‐degradation issue fundamentally. Theoretical calculations clarify the beneficial effect of K‐ions inside the interlayer of WSe2 on boosting its electrochemical performance, including increasing the electronic conductivity, promoting the K‐ion diffusivity, and improving the structural stability. The novel design enables the K‐ions pre‐intercalated WSe2 anode material to exhibit a high reversible specific capacity of 211 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 and superior cycling stability (89.3% capacity retention after 5000 cycles at 1 A g−1). Especially, the K‐ion hybrid capacitor, assembled from the anode of SP‐KxWSe2 and the cathode of porous activated carbon, delivers superior energy‐density up to 175 Wh kg−1, high power‐density as well as exceptional cycling stability.
Repulsive Osmotic Delamination: 1D Dissolution of 2D Materials
Authors: Dudko Volodymyr , Khoruzhenko Olena , Weiß Sebastian , Daab Matthias , Loch Patrick , Schwieger Wilhelm , Breu Josef
Published: November 2022

2D materials have proved their potential in nearly every area of material science and chemistry. Unfortunately, large‐scale production of nanosheets is not straightforward. Current methods suffer from low yield, uncontrollable defects, and requires a high‐energy input. There is always a tradeoff between high quality and high yield. In this review, the alternative is highlighted to existing methods of 2D nanosheet production – 1D dissolution, historically known as osmotic swelling. As a thermodynamically driven, and therefore spontaneous, process it provides numerous benefits such as high aspect ratio and defect‐free nanosheets with a quantitative yield. In this review, the theory behind this process is discussed, compare it with the existing methods, and highlight the key features that allow to extend 1D dissolution to different charged layered materials. Moreover, the applications in which nanosheets obtained by 1D dissolution proved to be advantageous due to their unique, processing‐related features are discussed.
A Movable Drug Carrier with High Affinity to Bacteria for Precise Antibacterial Therapy
Authors: jiang Jiwei , Wei Yuansong , Chen Zhaomin , Xu Jia , Zhang Hui , Dong Bin
Published: November 2022

Pathogenic bacteria infection, which is an extremely serious clinical problem, could be effectively treated by the antibiotics, but the misuse of antibiotics caused by imprecise transportation is a huge problem that causes the emergence of multidrug‐resistant bacteria, which can kill millions of people. Herein, a drug‐carrier is developed that can deliver antibiotics precisely to the bacteria and kill bacteria efficiently, thus avoiding the misuse of antibiotics. These drug carriers, consisting of ciprofloxacin (cip)‐loaded CaCO3 coated by asymmetrical glycol chitosan (GCS) (cip‐loaded CaCO3@GCS carriers, abbreviated as CC@GCs), could move autonomously in the acidic environment caused by the bacteria‐infection, which is based on the asymmetric pressure generated by the CO2 concentration gradient due to the asymmetric reaction between CaCO3 and acid. The motion of CC@GCs increases its probability to contact the bacteria, leading to the formation of effective electrostatic binding between them. The combination of movement and enhanced affinity to bacteria enable CC@GCs to precisely deliver drug to bacteria and kill them more efficiently as compared to the free drug, which shows effective treatment in bacterial infection abscess on skin with improved drug utilization. The CC@GCs based drug carriers have great potentials in treating bacterial infection with precision for efficient antibacterial therapy and alleviating the antibiotic misusage.
Bi2O2Te Nanosheets Saturable Absorber‐Based Passive Mode‐Locked Fiber Laser: From Soliton Molecules to Harmonic Soliton
Authors: Hui Zhanqiang , Bu Xiaofeng , Wang Yuanhong , Han Dongdong , Gong Jiamin , Li Lu , Li Xiaohui , Yan Shuangyi
Published: November 2022

As a recent addition to the emerging 2D bismuth oxychalcogenides (Bi2O2X, where X = S, Se, and Te), atomically‐thin bismuth oxytellurium (Bi2O2Te) exhibits unique thermoelectric and photoelectric properties. In this study, high‐quality Bi2O2Te nanosheets (NSs)‐based saturable absorber (SA) with a modulation depth of 8.2% is developed using the liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) method and is successfully applied to a passively mode‐locked Er‐doped fiber laser (EDFL) for the first time (with reference to the available literature). Due to the excellent nonlinear saturable absorption property of Bi2O2Te NSs, various switchable and stable mode‐locking states can be realized in the same EDFL, including fundamental frequency conventional soliton (CS), soliton molecules, and harmonic mode‐locking (HML) states. Among them, the CS pulse at 7.48 MHz (fundamental frequency) with a high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of 67.25 dB is obtained. The 2nd, 3rd, and 4th‐order soliton molecules are observed with a soliton pulse separation of ≈6.2 ps. Moreover, for HML, a maximum repetition rate of 1.78 GHz (i.e., corresponding to the 238th‐order harmonic) is obtained. The results reveal that Bi2O2Te NSs demonstrate excellent nonlinear optical modulation properties and can serve as a fundamental basis for promotion of academic research and innovation of engineering applications involving ultrafast photonics.
Moisture‐Resistant Chiral Perovskites for White‐Light Circularly Polarized Photoluminescence
Authors: Peng Yu , Wang Xing , Li Lina , Ye Huang , Yang Shuang , Yang Hua Gui , Luo Junhua , Hou Yu
Published: November 2022

Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) has recently caught increasing attention owing to its widespread applications from 3D display to quantum‐based optical computation. Among various CPL‐active materials, low‐dimensional hybrid perovskites have risen to prominence, benefiting from their excellent structural flexibility and optoelectronic properties. However, the exploration of hybrid perovskites with white‐CPL remains a challenge and most of them suffer from moisture instability. Here, a pair of moisture‐resistant 1D hybrid perovskites, (R‐C5H14N2)PbBr4·H2O (1R) and (S‐C5H14N2)PbBr4·H2O (2S), are reported in which [PbBr42−]∞ double chains are surrounded by chiral cations and water molecules forming the bulk assembled quantum‐helix structures. The strong quantum confinement in these unique structures facilitates exciton self‐trapping, which further synergizes the effect of chiral cations, endowing 1R and 2S with opposite broadband yellowish white‐CPL with a luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum) of 1.8 × 10−3 and a color rendering index up to 81. Notably, the dehydrated 1R can be recovered in humid air (60% relative humidity) within a few minutes via reabsorption of water molecules, exhibiting excellent moisture resistance, which is much better than most reported hybrid perovskites. A new path is paved here to further exploration of moisture‐resistant CPL‐active materials for multifunctional applications.
In‐Situ Constructuring of Copper‐Doped Bismuth Catalyst for Highly Efficient CO2Electrolysis to Formate in Ampere‐Level
Authors: Shen Haidong , Zhao Yike , Zhang Ling , He Yuan , Yang Shaowei , Wang Tianshuai , Cao Yueling , Guo Ying , Zhang Qiuyu , Zhang Hepeng
Published: November 2022

CO2electrochemical reduction (CO2RR) can mitigate environmental issues while providing valuable products, yet challenging in activity, selectivity, and stability. Here, a CuS‐Bi2S3heterojunction precursor is reported that can in situ reconstruct to Cu‐doped Bismuth (CDB) electrocatalyst during CO2RR. The CDB exhibits an industrial‐compatible current density of −1.1 A cm−2and a record‐high formate formation rate of 21.0 mmol h−1 cm−2at −0.86 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode toward CO2RR to formate, dramatically outperforming currently reported catalysts. Importantly, the ultrawide potential region of 1050 mV with high formate Faradaic efficiency of over 90% and superior long‐term stability for more than 100 h at −400 mA cm−2can also be realized. Experimental and theoretical studies reveal that the remarkable CO2RR performance of CDB results from the doping effect of Cu which optimizes adsorption of the *OCHO and boosts the structural stability of metallic bismuth catalyst. This study provides valuable inspiration for the design of element‐doping electrocatalysts to enhance catalytic activity and durability.
Carbon‐Nanotube‐Bridging Strategy for Integrating Single Fe Atoms and NiCo Nanoparticles in a Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalyst toward High‐Efficiency and Long‐Life Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Ding Shichao , He Lin , Fang Lingzhe , Zhu Yuanzhi , Li Tao , Lyu Zhaoyuan , Du Dan , Lin Yuehe , Li Jin‐Cheng
Published: November 2022

The development of highly efficient and robust bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction (ORR) and evolution reactions (OER) is the key issue for realizing high‐performance and long‐life rechargeable zinc–air batteries (ZABs). However, it is still a great challenge to integrate independent ORR and OER sites in a catalyst with high activity. Here, a carbon nanotube‐bridging strategy is proposed to synthesize such a bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst enriched with highly active single‐atom Fe sites for the ORR and high‐performance nanosized NiCo hydroxides for the OER. Consequently, the developed catalyst shows a small overpotential difference of 0.686 V. When used as an oxygen electrode catalyst, the corresponding ZAB exhibits a large power density of 219.5 mW cm−2, a small charge–discharge voltage gap of 0.72 V at 10 mA cm−2, and outstanding discharge–charge durability without attenuation after more than 700 cycles. This work proposes a new idea to realize multifunctional catalysts and drives the practical application of ZABs.
Solvent‐Induced Anti‐Aggregation Evolution on Small Molecule Electron‐Transporting Layer for Efficient, Scalable, and Robust Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Song Xin , Song Yuanxia , Xu Hao , Gao Shenzheng , Wang Yanfeng , Li Junjie , Hai Jiefeng , Liu Wenzhu , Zhu Weiguo
Published: November 2022

The severe aggregation property of the small molecule electron‐transporting layer (ETL) not only deteriorates the photovoltaic performance and operational reliability but also constrains its compatibility with large‐scale coating techniques. Herein, by applying N,N′‐Bis{3‐[3‐(Dimethylamino)propylamino]propyl}perylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic diimide (PDINN) (a well‐known ETL) as a demo, a solvent‐induced anti‐aggregation (SIAA) strategy is proposed to cope with these hurdles via the mixing of ethanol and trifluoroethanol solvents at an optimal volume ratio. In situ photoluminescence and dynamic light scattering synergistically reveals the suppressed aggregation behavior of the SIAA‐treated PDINN dispersion during the film‐forming process. Owing to this amendment, the film quality and electron‐transport capability of the PDINN layer are remarkably enhanced. In consequence, based on the PM6:L8‐BO system, a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.0% together with an impressive fill factor of 80.6% is harvested. A 1 cm2 device with an excellent PCE of 16.6% is also fabricated using the doctor‐blading SIAA‐treated PDINN ink. More strikingly, this SIAA treatment impels better reliability under long‐term shelf‐lifetime and thermal stress periods. This work provides a promising and tractable approach to address the inherent self‐aggregation issue of electron‐transporting materials, which is beneficial for the development of efficient and stable organic optoelectronic devices.
Interface and Surface Engineering Realized High Efficiency of 13% and Improved Thermal Stability in Mg3Sb1.5Bi0.5‐Based Thermoelectric Generation Devices
Authors: Wu Xinzhi , Lin Yangjian , Han Zhijia , Li Huan , Liu Chengyan , Wang Yupeng , Zhang Pengxiang , Zhu Kang , Jiang Feng , Huang Jian , Fan Haohan , Cheng Feng , Ge Binghui , Liu Weishu
Published: November 2022

Realizing high‐temperature thermal stability in thermoelectric (TE) generators is a critical challenge. In this study, a synergistic interface and surface optimization strategy is implemented to enhance Mg3Sb1.5Bi0.5 TE generator performance by employing FeCrTiMnMg thermoelectric interface materials and the MgMn‐based alloy protective coating. The competitive output power density (ω) of 1.7 W cm−2 and a conversion efficiency (η) of 13% for the single‐leg device are achieved at hot‐side temperature (Th) and cold‐side temperature (Tc) of 500 and 5 °C, respectively. An ω of 0.8 W cm−2 and η of 6% for the two‐couple TE devices with p‐type commercial Bi2Te3 are also realized, values that are competitive with the commercial Bi2Te3 device. Additionally, the single‐leg device shows a high stable η for over 100 h when the Th and Tc are 400 and 5 °C, respectively, with an change rate (Δηmax/ηmax,o) of <3%. In situ transmission electron microscopy analysis further reveals that the high stability results from the effectively sluggish interdiffusion and reduced Mg evaporation that decrease the chemical potential gradient, reduce the saturated vapor pressure, and increase the diffusion activation energy barrier. This study provides a general technique route for boosting the high‐temperature thermal stability of TE generator.
Modeling, simulation, and optimization of multiproduct cryogenic air separation unit startup
Authors: Quarshie Anthony W. K. , Swartz Christopher L. E. , Madabhushi Pranav B. , Cao Yanan , Wang Yajun , Flores‐Cerrillo Jesus
Published: November 2022

The startup of multiproduct cryogenic air separation plants takes several hours, during which time limited revenue is generated with high costs incurred due to the highly energy‐intensive nature of these operations. This motivates the development of high‐fidelity dynamic models to capture the complexity of the startup process to aid decision‐making. This article focuses on the development of a startup model for a multiproduct air separation unit (ASU), and its use in dynamic simulation and optimization. To accomplish this, a first‐principles based dynamic ASU model is extended by including various discontinuities using smooth approximations, adding dynamics to the primary heat exchanger, and extending the handling phase change within process streams. Dynamic simulations demonstrate plant response behavior during startup, including a failed startup resulting from an injudicious choice of input trajectory. In addition, improvement of startup operation is demonstrated through the incorporation of the model within a dynamic optimization framework.
Conducting clinical genomics research during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Lessons learned from the CSER consortium experience
Authors: Kraft Stephanie A. , Russell Heidi , Bensen Jeannette T. , Bonini Katherine E. , Robinson Jill O. , Sahin‐Hodoglugil Nuriye , Renna Kathleen , Hindorff Lucia A. , Kaufman Dave , Horowitz Carol R. , Waltz Margaret , Zepp Jamilyn M. , Knight Sara J.
Published: November 2022

Clinical research studies have navigated many changes throughout the COVID‐19 pandemic. We sought to describe the pandemic′s impact on research operations in the context of a clinical genomics research consortium that aimed to enroll a majority of participants from underrepresented populations. We interviewed (July to November 2020) and surveyed (May to August 2021) representatives of six projects in the Clinical Sequencing Evidence‐Generating Research (CSER) consortium, which studies the implementation of genome sequencing in the clinical care of patients from populations that are underrepresented in genomics research or are medically underserved. Questions focused on COVID′s impact on participant recruitment, enrollment, and engagement, and the transition to teleresearch. Responses were combined and thematically analyzed. Projects described factors at the project, institutional, and community levels that affected their experiences. Project factors included the project′s progress at the pandemic′s onset, the urgency of in‐person clinical care for the disease being studied, and the degree to which teleresearch procedures were already incorporated. Institutional and community factors included institutional guidance for research and clinical care and the burden of COVID on the local community. Overall, being responsive to community experiences and values was essential to how CSER navigated evolving challenges during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Asymmetric Organocatalytic Reactions of Activated Racemic Allenes
Authors: Jamwal Paru , Vaid Himani , Ananda Rao Gunda , Gurubrahamam Ramani , Chen Kwunmin
Published: November 2022

Asymmetric organocatalytic reactions of various electron‐deficient racemic allenes with a wide variety of nucleophiles and electrophiles were reviewed. The literature on enantioselective functionalization of allenes that employs chiral phosphine, amine, phase transfer, bifunctional, and Brønsted acid catalysis is presented along with the mechanisms. In addition, the review emphasizes methods of obtaining enantioenriched allenes from racemic allenes via organocatalytic (dynamic) kinetic resolution techniques. The synthetic utility of the developed methodologies toward the target‐orientated biologically active molecules is narrated along with the examples.
Visible Light‐Mediated Cyclisation Reaction for the Synthesis of Highly‐Substituted Tetrahydroquinolines and Quinolines
Authors: Sherborne Grant J. , Kemmitt Paul , Prentice Callum , Zysman‐Colman Eli , Smith Andrew D. , Fallan Charlene
Published: November 2022

Condensation of 2‐vinylanilines and conjugated aldehydes followed by an efficient light‐mediated cyclisation selectively yields either substituted tetrahydroquinolines with typically high dr, or in the presence of an iridium photocatalyst the synthesis of quinoline derivatives is demonstrated. These atom economical processes require mild conditions, with the substrate scope demonstrating excellent site selectivity and functional group tolerance, including azaarene‐bearing substrates. A thorough experimental mechanistic investigation explores multiple pathways and the key role that imine and iminium intermediates play in the absorption of visible light to generate reactive excited states. The synthetic utility of the reactions is demonstrated on gram scale quantities in both batch and flow, alongside further manipulation of the medicinally relevant products.
Near‐Infrared Aggregation‐Induced Emission Luminogens for In Vivo Theranostics of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Zhang Tianfu , Chen Xiaoyu , Yuan Congmin , Pang Xiaobin , Shangguan Ping , Liu Yisheng , Han Lulu , Sun Jianwei , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Liu Yang , Wang Jiefei , Shi Bingyang , Zhong Tang Ben
Published: November 2022

Optimized theranostic strategies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain almost absent from bench to clinic. Current probes and drugs attempting to prevent β‐amyloid (Aβ) fibrosis encounter failures due to the blood–brain barrier (BBB) penetration challenge and blind intervention time window. Herein, we design a near‐infrared (NIR) aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) probe, DNTPH, via balanced hydrophobicity‐hydrophilicity strategy. DNTPH binds selectively to Aβ fibrils with a high signal‐to‐noise ratio. In vivo imaging revealed its excellent BBB permeability and long‐term tracking ability with high‐performance AD diagnosis. Remarkably, DNTPH exhibits a strong inhibitory effect on Aβ fibrosis and promotes fibril disassembly, thereby attenuating Aβ‐induced neurotoxicity. DNTPH treatment significantly reduced Aβ plaques and rescued learning deficits in AD mice. Thus, DNTPH serves as the first AIE in vivo theranostic agent for real‐time NIR imaging of Aβ plaques and AD therapy simultaneously.
Formyl Radical Generation from α‐Chloro N‐Methoxyphthalimides Enables Selective Aldehyde Synthesis
Authors: Liu Dan , Yang Kai , Fang Di , Li Shi‐Jun , Lan Yu , Chen Yiyun
Published: November 2022

The aldehydes installation by radical formylation constitutes an attractive synthetic strategy. However, the generation of formyl radicals for organic synthesis applications remains unknown. Herein we report the first formyl radical generation from α‐chloro N‐methoxyphthalimides, which selectively synthesize aldehydes by alkene hydroformylation under mild photoredox conditions. The aldehydes can be installed on acrylates, acrylamides, vinyl sulfones, vinyl ketones, and complex steroids by radical hydroformylation in excellent chemoselectivity and regioselectivity. The concerted hydrochloride elimination for the formyl radical generation from α‐chloro methoxy radicals is established by experimental and computational approaches.