bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Application of the Smirnov Test in the Homogeneity Test for Non-Normal Distribution Temperature Series
Authors: Deng Xin Jie , You Yang Sheng , Chen Yan Ying , Yang Xue Mei
Published: June 2012

The homogeneity test is the first stage to revise the climate records. Its accuracy will directly affect the follow-up work. The classic method SNHT (Standard Normal Homogeneity Test) can only be applied in climatic sequences obey normal distribution, but lots of non-normality climate sequences need to be examined. In this paper, the Smirnov Test was introduced to test the homogeneity of the temperature series, which is a classical method for distribution test, and it can apply for the temperature sequences obey any distribution. The homogeneity test results by testing Chongqing Municipality's temperature sequences show that: the Smirnov Test is better than SNHT
A Three Dimensional Simulation of M-ICAR Process
Authors: Geng Quan Yue , Wang Jie , Zhang Hong Wei , Jia Hui
Published: June 2012

Adopting standard k-ε turbulent model and mixture flow model, settling process and decant process was simulated using 3-d numerical simulation in M-ICAR(Mixture-Intermittently Cycle Aeration Reactor) process to analyze the changes of sludge phase volume fraction. The simulation results showed that the changes of feeding wastewater had great influence on sludge settle ability in decant process, and the position of decanter needed optimized; it had no influence on sludge settle ability in settling process. For considering the lowest hydraulic retention time, the research controlled maximum feeding wastewater for 1610m3/h. Internal recycle had no influence on sludge settle ability. Two methods were proposed: the first one, the water level of decanter was set 3.9m (sludge volume fraction of this suspended area was less than 0.05), feeding velocity was 0.07 m/s; the second, keep the water level of decanter 3.75 m, reduce feeding velocity (preliminary setting feeding velocity 0.06 m/s). The two methods had no influence on sludge settle ability.
Effects of Intake Pressure Difference on the Flow near Valve Seat in Diesel Engine Using Three Dimensional Computation
Authors: Li Hong Meng , Li Guo Xiu , Yu Yu Song , Gao Rong Gang , Zhao Peng , Yuan Ye
Published: June 2012

In this paper an extensive CFD simulation of a four-stroke diesel engine is done. The flow in the intake valve is calculated in the steady state condition and the flow in eight work statuses –four kinds of pressure differences are analyzed, with two kinds of valve rising degree researched .The aim of the work is to characterize the influence of the intake pressure difference of the intake port.As a conclusion we find that as the pressure difference increases, the discharge coefficient decreases. The analysis results of the three dimensional flow field of the intake port show that in the conditions of low pressure difference and big valve rising the vortex will appear. In addition, in different pressure differences, the ratio of the pressure drop in the same region is different.
Fouling Influence Factor Analysis of Axial Flow Compressor
Authors: Yang Hua Dong , Xu Hong
Published: June 2012

Fouling is an important performance degradation factor of axial flow compressor. In order to reveal fouling mechanism, flow simulation of four cases of NASA rotor37 has been performed, such as clean compressor, compressor with roughness of 50μm, 100μm and 150μm. Thermodynamics performance parameters of compressor at different rotational speed with different roughness are discussed. And then fouling sources and its influence factor are analyzed. Research finds that gas contaminants can deposit in blade surface existed with internal oil and water. Simultaneously, humidity, temperature, flow velocity and contact area are the main factors for the formation of compressor fouling. Finally, research finds that fouling can easily formed in suction surface and fouling level of leading edge is more critical than other locations.
Research on Hybrid Excavator Power System's Parameters Matching
Authors: Wang Peng Yu , Lu Yang , Zhang Jing , Xu Xiao Long , Zhang Qi Ming
Published: June 2012

Parallel-series is a kind of hybrid configuration which is used in excavator. This configuration can give full contribution to the energy saving potential of hybrid excavator. In the paper, based on the cycle power of excavator, the hybrid power-train’s parameters are matched. Then we analysis the matching results on the software simulation model we have built. The simulation results show that using this method the system can meet the power demand of excavator, and the efficiency of the excavator was improved.
Steady-State Modeling and Analysis of Grid-Connected Six-Phase Induction Generator for Renewable Energy Generation
Authors: Singh G.K. , Singh S.N. , Saini R.P.
Published: June 2012

This article presents the steady-state modeling and analysis of a grid-connected six-phase induction generator for renewable energy generation powered by hydro turbine. The basis of the analysis is nodal admittance method as applied to the equivalent circuit, and used to analyze the behavior of the machine for the operating mode such as (i) when only one three-phase winding set is connected to grid, (ii) when one three-phase winding set is connected to grid and other three-phase winding set is subjected to load, and (iii) when both the three-phase winding sets are connected to grid through an interconnecting Y-/Y six-phase to three-phase transformer. Nodal admittance based matrix equations are easier to modify in order to account for mutual leakage coupling between two three-phase winding sets, core loss component, and make the analysis very easy, fast and accurate. Through analytical and practical studies, it is shown that machine can feed direct, reliable, and low cost power to grid without interface network. The analytical results are found to be in good agreement with experimental results.
Thermal and Stress Field Analysis in Heavy-Duty Gas Turbine Exhaust System
Authors: Zhu Rui , Ren Jian Xing , Li Fang Qin , Zhang Hong Du , Tang Yun
Published: June 2012

Heavy-duty gas turbine is used widely in power generation industry for many advantages. Gas turbine exhaust system is an important component of the gas turbine. The work to study the exhaust system was less in the past. In fact, structure design of the exhaust system has important influence on performance and life of the gas turbine. In this paper, the three-dimensional structural model of gas turbine exhaust system is built, the thermal field and stress field for the exhaust system are analyzed by using finite element method (FEM). The maximum stress and distribution characteristics of stress field, the highest temperature and distribution characteristics of thermal field in the exhaust system are computed. These provide a reliable basis for reasonable design and safety evaluation of the exhaust system in gas turbine.
FEA on Vibration Characteristics of a Gas Turbine Blade-Disc
Authors: Zhao Wei Qiang , Liu Yong Xian , Lu Mo Wu
Published: June 2012

This paper introduces a FEA method for vibration characteristics analysis of blade-disc structure and makes a modal analysis of a certain gas turbine blade-disc based on this method. The natural frequencies and natural modes of this blade-disc are obtained and also vibration characteristics of each natural mode and corresponding influence on gas turbine blade-disc and other components are discussed in detail. The analysis method and analysis results presented in this paper are helpful for further research on optimal design and vibration safety verification for this gas turbine blade-disc.
Effect of Particle Finite Size on Gas Turbulent Flow
Authors: Zeng Zhuo Xiong , Wang Zhang Jun , Yu Yun Ni
Published: June 2012

Dynamic mesh and moving wall technique were employed to simulate the unsteady flow field of moving particle with finite size. For freely moving particle, it does not come into being particle wake. Middle particle can move straightforward outlet, but left and right particles move disorderly in a restricted region. Vortex location varies with the change of particle location. Turbulence energy and pressure is decreased gradually from inlet to outlet. But for moving particle with slip velocity between gas and particle, particle wake comes into being. Turbulence enhancement by particle wake effect is studied by numerical simulation of gas turbulent flows passing over particle under various particle sizes, inlet gas velocities, gas viscosity, gas density and the distance of particles.
A New Composite Method of Hole Cutting
Authors: Yuan Wu , Yan Chao , Yu Jian , Xi Ke
Published: June 2012

The present paper investigates an approach that seeks to reduce the storage of the traditional hole-map method and enhance the reliability. The new composite method is based on the least hole-mapping model, which efficiently reduces the area of the hole-mapping region, and incorporates an ADT search procedure to improve the identification method of the points inside the fringe cells which would otherwise become ambiguous. Through a donor-search judgment, the identification can be accomplished efficiently even for a coarse hole-cutting model. Also a new method named ‘inverse mark’ is developed here using mesh nodes’ information to automatically identify exterior points, which are initial points to advance inside the grid region. Results have shown that the composite method is able to get rid of the restriction of high level approximation, decrease efficiently the amount of Cartesian grid and save storage memory. The present approach is of great efficiency and good reliability to complex configurations including small gap regions.
Comparative Analysis of Gas Phase Models for Fuel Droplet Evaporation in Forced Convection
Authors: Zhao Peng , Li Guo Xiu , Yu Yu Song , Yuan Ye , Li Hong Meng
Published: June 2012

In this study, mathematical model of fuel droplet evaporation is developed. Basic relationship of gas phase model is proposed by summarizing a large number of droplet evaporation gas phase models. Predictions of gas phase model are compared in forced convection. The results show that: Predictions are strongly dependent on the choice of gas phase models. Predictions of Ranz model and Haywood model are accurate with the experimental results. Evaporation time which is predicted by the gas phase models considering Stefan flow is longer than those without considering Stefan flow. For different gas phase models, droplet evaporation time is directly proportional to environmental pressure and inversely proportional to ambient temperature and Reynolds number.
Design of Measurement and Control System for Medium and High Pressure Hydraulic Pump Test Platform Based on PXI Bus Structure
Authors: Huang Hui , Chen Shu Mei
Published: June 2012

Based of PXI (PCI Extensions for Instrumentation) bus structure, a measurement and control system for medium and high pressure hydraulic pump test platform is designed in this paper. This system is comprehensive testing equipment which has adopted the traditional technologies include hydraulic, computer, virtual instrument and detecting. Its measurement and control system has introduced new techniques with combining PXI bus structure and relay, which can realize manual/automatic synchronical operation and one key operation. Use graphic language Lab VIEW 9.0 as its developing platform, the system realizes synchronically display of the mechanical instrument and the virtual instrument which has increased the test accuracy and speed.
Experiment Study on Performances of Servo Pump Used in Hydraulic Press Machine
Authors: Gao Jun , Yan Guo Yi , Peng Gen Yun , Xi Guan Nan
Published: June 2012

As we known, the energy efficiency of pump-control system is higher than valve-control system. So, using pump-control system to replace valve-control system has a positive meaning to improve the energy efficiency in hydraulic press machine. In order to research the performance of servo pump used in hydraulic press machines, the present study is conducted. First, a test bench for comparison of pump-control and valve-control system is established. In this test bench, the pump of former valve-control system and the servo pump are settled. These two pumps are switched by solenoid to supply oil for the hydraulic system. Then, host PC, target PC, I/O board and other hard-wares are connected. Soft-wares and the corresponding driver board are applied to collect data. In order to test the performances of the pressure, velocity and displacement under the condition of the valve-control system and pump-control system, the two systems are tested with the same working conditions. The performance of repeatability and energy efficiency are also obtained. The results show that it’s feasible to apply servo pump to hydraulic press machine. And under the pump-control condition, the velocity and pressure performance of press machine is more stable.
Investigation on Flow Characteristics of Deposited Water Displaced by Flowing Oil in Hilly Terrain Tube
Authors: Xu Guang Li
Published: June 2012

The flow characteristics of deposited water displaced by flowing oil in hilly terrain tube were studied experimentally and numerically. Lab-scale experiments were carried out on the transparent organic glass test loop with I.D. 50 mm to investigate the distributions of oil-water interface by diesel flowing from a lower horizontal test section into the up-inclined test section. Two-dimensional numerical simulation was conducted by VOF model and CSF model based on the test geometrical model. Comparisons of the oil-water interface distribution and the critical superficial oil velocity show that the numerical simulations favorably compare with the measurements.
Location Selection of Extra Nuclei Injecting for Inner - Core SGS Device with Droplet Enlargement Measure
Authors: Ma Qing Fen
Published: June 2012

Supersonic gas separation (SGS) is a novel gas separation technology proposed in recent years. The Inner-core SGS device with droplet enlargement measure has been proved to perform effectively for processing low-pressure gas mixture with one condensable component. The effectiveness of the droplet enlargement measure depends largely on the adding location of extra nuclei. A two-phase flow model was established in which the droplet movement was simulated by dispersed phase model. Using the model, movements of nuclei from three potential locations of Inner-core SGS device, inlet of swirl generator (Ⅰ), throat of supersonic nozzle (Ⅱ) and inner-taper core (Ⅲ), were simulated and the possibility of vapor condensation on nuclei was predicted. The simulation results showed that the droplets injected from location Ⅲ had smaller size (0.0183mm~ 0.0953mm), longer residence time (0.43 ms) and longer axial running distance (58.9 mm). The gas flow near that region had bigger supersaturation (larger than 1). Thus, the best location of Inner-core SGS device for nuclei injection was determined at the throat of the inner-taper core (Ⅲ).
Numerical Simulation and Field Synergy Analysis of Flow and Heat Transfer in a Vibratory Tube
Authors: Yu Jiu Yang , Liu Li Jun , Lin Wei , Liu Qian , Yang Wen Hao , Nie Si Hao , Chen Yi Wen
Published: June 2012

The present paper focuses on the analysis of transient heat transfer and flow in a vibratory tube. The characteristics of flow and heat transfer are investigated by dynamic mesh of CFD (computational fluid dynamics) software FLUENT, the velocity and temperature distributions in a vibration cycle are analyzed by field synergy theory. The results indicate that the vibration parameters have great effect on heat transfer, and the tube vibration leads to heat transfer enhancement or reduction. Moreover, the optimum heat transfer performance inside tubes is obtained in a half-cycle when time phase is 90°.
Numerical Simulation on G4-73 Centrifugal Fan with Slotted Blades
Authors: Lv Yu Kun , Li Yan Qi , Peng Xin , Song Bao Jun
Published: June 2012

Taking the G4-73№8D centrifugal fan as research object and utilizing the software of NUMECA to simulate flow fields of impellers with different splotted blades, the parameters of slotted blade are optimized through contrastive analysis of the effects on internal flow characteristics and performance. Results show that the optimized scheme can improve the uniformity of internal flow field, full pressure and efficiency seperatly increase by 4.25% and 1.49% under the design flow. For the needs of variable fan load operation, this paper puts forward the optimization principle of slit parameter.
Numerical Study on Boiling Mechanism and Rapid Phase Transfer Phenomenon of LNG Discharging on Water
Authors: Zhang Bin , Wu Wan Qing , Zhang Jian Wei
Published: June 2012

Abstract. Aiming at analyzing boiling mechanism and confirming rapid phase Abstract. Aiming at analyzing boiling mechanism and confirming rapid phase transfer (RPT) taking place conditions of LNG discharging on water. The models of pool spreading, heat and mass transfer rate and LNG’s property are coupled in this paper. The conditions of RPT has been confirmed, which included LNG directly contacting with water and the water temperature should higher than LNG’s superheat limit temperature, but the RPT would not take place if the LNG boils on ice. The model of LNG discharging on water has been established in this paper, which is used to simulate Boe and Burro-9 experiments. The results showed that the models can simulate evaporation and boiling rate well, and can be used in predicting the initial time of RPT happening when the discharging process is calm and the location of discharging is near the water surface.
Numerical Studies on the Flow Field of Stator and Air Gap for Large Air-Cooled Turbo-Generator
Authors: Han Jia De , Hong Guang Yu , Tang Lu , Lu Yi Ping
Published: June 2012

In order to study the flow characteristics in the stator and air gap for a large air-cooled turbo-generator with multi-air-zone of stator, a 3-D physical model includes the stator, rotor, and air gap was established. Numerical simulation was carried out by the finite volume method according computational fluid dynamics (CFD) principle, based on some corresponding boundary conditions and assumptions. The results show that the cooling air flowing into the air-gap through the outlets of rotor wedge rotates with rotor in the spiral trajectory and in higher velocity than ambient. The air velocity alternate high and low in axial direction. There are different flow characteristics in different regions of the air gap because of the influence of stator and rotor radial air injection and axial through flow. The air flowing into the air-gap from the cold zone forms the secondary flow near the side of stator.
Numerical Study of Vortex Evolution and Correlation between Twin Swirling Flows
Authors: Gui Nan
Published: June 2012

Swirling flows are widely used in energy engineering, such as swirling combustor, cyclone separator in pulverized coal burners. The vortex evolution and correlation between twin swirling flows are investigated via direct numerical simulation. Three typical swirl flows with different swirl number are simulated. The structure of vortex evolution, velocity correlation between the twin flows are illustrated and analyzed in detail. The results show the phase-locked correlation of flow velocity between the twin swirling jets which would be useful and helpful for improving the understanding of aerodynamics of multi-swirling systems.
Research on the Movement Mechanism of Pulp Surging from Tailings Dam-Break
Authors: Jing Xiao Fei
Published: June 2012

In China, currently there are more than 7, 000 tailings impoundments all over the country and most of them have potential hazard. With the gradually increasing of tailings dam-break disaster because of multifarious factors, the people’s lives, property and the environment of nearby regions can suffer great harm, The safety of tailings management facilities has caused increasing concern and attention from the governments and local community. Because of the different hydraulic power, the tailings pulp concentration surging from tailings dam-break have great differences, research on the movement mechanism of different concentration tailings pulp surging from tailings dam-break and to propose the emergency preparedness is very important. Therefore, In this study, a physics test model for tailings dam-break was carried out in hydrodynamic laboratory based on the design data of impoundments. Through the simulation experiment, the movement mechanism of tailings dam-break wave which includes the law of debris flow evolution, the change of impact force strength and velocities of the front of wave are considered in the conditions of changing the tailings pulp. The results can provide reliable information for guiding the crowd of downstream to remove immediately and lighten the loss of disaster.
The Effect of UV Disinfection on Biological Stability in Drinking Water Supply Network
Authors: Dai Dong Sheng , Li Song Hu , Li Jie
Published: June 2012

In this paper,the assimilable organic carbon (AOC) and the total number of colonies were deterimined for studying the effect of Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection of drinking water at Dianliu Pressure Station, Jinan City. The result showed that the total number of colonies on average decreased 28.7% campared with the initial values. However, the value of AOC increased 47.6%, 83.8 % and 181.9 % after UV disinfection power strengthened. Therefore, the application of UV disinfection of drinking water still need further study to evaluate the disinfection effect.
The Effects of Different Life Styles on Heart Rate Changes in Different Stage when Riding the Vertical Drop Facility
Authors: Chen Ho Cheng , Hong Wei Chin , Chang Po Chih , Lin Shu Cheng
Published: June 2012

The exciting facilities attracted lots of riders. This combination of different directions and forces cause different excitement. Vertical drop was most popular facility which drove the rider from highest place to the lowest place within a very short period of time. Dramatical changes in direction and force will affect the cardiovascular system. However, different life styles may have different effects when they ride in this facility. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different life styles on heart rate changes in different stages when the subjects rode in the vertical drop facility. Forty five subjects were recruited to take part in this study, and were divided into 3 groups: the elite athletes group, the regular exercisers group, and the sedentary group. All subjects put on k4b2, and took a rest for 30 minutes, and then rode in the vertical drop facility to the highest place, and remained still for 10 seconds (the initial stage), and then fell down to the ground within 3 seconds. Finally, the subjects were horizontally sent to the exit, and stayed at their seat, resting for 5 minutes. Heart rates were acquired from k4b2 in initial stage, during the riding for the maximal heart rate, and 5 minutes after riding. One-way ANOVA followed by the Scheffe’s multiple comparisons procedure was employed to compare the 3 groups. Significant level was set at .05. The conclusions of this study are that regular exercisers and elite athletes posses better autonomous nerve system to control their heart function when they confront tremendous pressure; Five times of gravity changed in 3 seconds may be too great for people to react to, and the regular exercisers group and the elite athletes group had better cardiovascular function than the sedentary group in recover rest heart rate.
An Evaluation of the Arctic Route’s Navigation Environment
Authors: Li Zhen Fu , Liu Bai He , Xu Meng Qiao
Published: June 2012

Along with the development of global warming, the commercial navigation of the Arctic route is getting even more likely, and the whole world is paying more and more attention to it. The analysis of the factors that affect the navigation environment together with the evaluation of the Arctic route’s navigation environment will have an important reference value for the further study of the Arctic route. Thus, based on the summarization of the status and the navigation accident statistics of the Arctic route, the paper establishes an evaluation index system and makes a preliminary evaluation of the Arctic route's navigation environment through a grey fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Since a lack of accurate data, the indexes' value is given by the expert grading method. Through analysis, we come to conclude that the hydrological factors, navigation aids and information factors are the main factors that affect the Arctic route's navigation environment. Besides, the sea ice concentration, icebreaker and navigation experience are individually the primary factors of the hydrological environment, navigation aids and information environment. As the North Pole goes warming, the hydrological environment will gradually transform, therefore, the navigation aids and information environment in the Arctic will gradually become the limiting factors of the Arctic route's navigation environment. The results of this paper can provide some beneficial reference for the utilization and supervision of the Arctic route.
Application of Triangle Relational Degree Model for Evaluation of Lake Eutrophication
Authors: Li Fan Xiu
Published: June 2012

Aiming at the problem being too complex for the present evaluation methods on lake eutrophication, a new method, triangle relational degree model was used to solve the complicated non-linear relation between the evaluation factors and water quality grade. The model was applied to evaluate the lake eutrophication and the results of the assessment are in concordance with other evaluation methods. Compared with the other evaluation method, this model is perfect, the evaluating result is more reasonable and its resolving power is higher. Thus, a simple and effective method is provided for lake eutrophication evaluation.
Carbon Permits Allocation Based on Two-Stage Optimization for Equity and Efficiency: A Case Study within China
Authors: Wang Su Feng , Yang Shan Lin
Published: June 2012

The initial allocation of carbon emission permits is always a challenge in aggregate cap due to the conflicts between equity and efficiency. In this article, we introduce a two-stage optimization framework to allocate permits in which the first stage is for equity by maximizing weighted information entropy and the second for efficiency by minimizing the average yearly energy consumption per GDP for all emitters. The allocation of carbon emission permits of 30 provinces within China is chosen as a case study to illustrate the application of this framework. The results show that the two-stage optimization method can provide a profound insight for emission abatement with a focus on balance of equity and efficiency for the policy-makers, especially in Non-Annex I countries.
Environment Carrying Capacity Evaluation of Coal Mining in Shanxi Province
Authors: Cao Dai Yong , Huang Cen Li , Wu Jian , Li Huan Tong , Zhang Yong Dong
Published: June 2012

China will meet an increasing demand of the energy because of the growth of the economy, coal is being mined largely as the most important energy, but the mining brought in a series of construction of ecological environment problems. This paper established a comprehensive evaluation model for environmental impact of coal mining through three aspects of ecological stability, resource and environment carrying capacity, coal mining pressure with analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Based on this model, authors have evaluated the regional difference of ecological environment carrying capacity of coal mining areas in Shanxi province. The study results may be helpful to scientifically draw up the coal resources development strategy.
Optimization Strategies for Agricultural Non-Point Source Reduction
Authors: Wang Dong , Yu Ya Juan , Wang Xiang , Huang Kai , Yu Shu Xia
Published: June 2012

A methodological framework is brought forward, with the aim of reducing the agricultural non-point source (ANPS) pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area of the lake Dianchi watershed. In order to build a bridge connecting the public and the authority, a simplified decision support tool is conceived to realize the management target. Firstly, a rapid calculation method for the agricultural non-point source pollution is given called factor - coefficient method. Multiple kinds of agricultural non-point loads are calculated from both the pollution factors and the pollution coefficients. The sources include the farmland runoff, rural life, livestock and poultry, and so on. Then a checklist of engineering and management strategies to reduce ANPS are listed. Finally, according to the specific flowchart, the Best Management Practices (BMPs) to control the agricultural non-point source pollution of Lake Dianchi would be built, adapting with the real conditions of the watershed.
Secondary Fire Induced by Mine Methane Explosions
Authors: Duan Yu Long
Published: June 2012

The mechanism of fire induced by methane explosions was studied to know about the great danger of induced fire. Firstly, from the point of heat ignition to study it, then the especial heat environment after explosions was studied. Lastly, from the point of characteristics of gas separated from fuel to judge whether fire to be induced. The part of heat ignition was based on conservation of energy. And the special heat environment was studied by using CFD software Fluent to do some numerical simulation. As to gas separated from fuel, mainly from three aspects to discuss it: yields of gas and relating conversion, diffusion velocity, minimum combustion supporting oxygen concentration. And the research shows that, if the gas separated out from fuel could diffuse to satisfy the minimum combustion limit before the temperature of environment reduce to its fire induced temperature, and there is enough oxygen, sub-fire could be induced. This research could provide some technique support to prevent and cure such kind of accident, and has great significance.
Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Characteristic of Temperature Change over the Last 45 Years in Northeastern China
Authors: He Wei , Bu Ren Cang , Hu Yuan Man , Xiong Zai Ping , Liu Miao
Published: June 2012

Based on the temperature datasets from 1961 to 2005 at 96 meteorological stations, the spatiotemporal trends of climate change were analyzed in annual and seasonal timescales, by a linear and regression model, cumulative anomaly method, Mann-Kendall test and inverse distance weighted interpolation methods, in Northeastern China. The results showed that: (1) Both annual and seasonal mean temperature showed increasing trends, the annual mean temperature have rised by 0.07°Cwith a rate of 0.38°C/decade, and the highest increasing rates of temperature occured in the winter (0.53°C/decade) and lowest one was the in the summer (0.23°C/decade). (2) The results of Mann-Kendall test on temperature showed that the annual and seasonal mean temperature significantly increased at 95% of confidence. The climate jump of annual mean temperature took place in 1987, and the climate jumps of spring, summer, autumn and winter mean temperature occurred in 1988, 1993, 1989 and 1981, respectively, and these results were confirmed by the cumulative anomaly curve. (3) The higher the latitude, the more obvious the increasing trend, especially in winter, and therefore the temperature increased in most parts of the Northeastern China.However, the increasing trends in the northern region of the Da Hinggan Moutains and Xiao Hinggan Moutains were the most obvious.
Change Detection of Land Cover at Zheng Lanqi County of Inner Mongolia
Authors: Sa Chu La , Liu Gui Xiang , Wang Mu Lan
Published: June 2012

In the study we mapped and analyzed the land use/cover changes in Zheng Lanqi county by visual interpreting the 3 sets of Landsat TM and ETM remotely sensed images received in 1990, 2000 and 2005.The 6 broad types of land use/ cover were interpreted for the study area. Through analyzing land use/cover changes, our study indicated that the grassland and built-up area is dominant landscape in the study area.The grassland in the study area shrank 588.68km2 for urbanization and farmland cultivation for first periods. The unchanged land is 10639.75km2 and 10743.18km2 for the two periods (1990-2000 and 2000-2005), respectively. This indicated that the landscape conversion in second period became stable than that of first period, and environment is improved since 2000.
Electrochemical Sensor for Parathion Based on Molecularly Imprinted Sol-Gel Polymer
Authors: Zhang Yan , Yu Xiao Qian , He Yong , Yang Xiao Fang
Published: June 2012

A sensitive electrochemical sensor for the detection of parathion based on molecularly imprinted polymer of organic-inorganic hybrid sol-gel from PTMOS and chitosan onto glass electrode was constructed. The sensor exhibited good selectivity and sensitivity to parahtion．The procedure of forming recognition cavity and sensitivity to parathion on the imprinted electrode were demonstrated. A highly linear response to parathion in the concentration range of 3×10-7～1×10-4 mol/L was observed, with a detection limit of 1×10-7 mol/L (S/N=3). ParathSuperscript textion imprinted and nonimprinted polymer films were exposed to a series of closely related compounds and the sensor exhibited good selectivity and sensitivity to parathion.
Analysis of Correlations among Mercury, Iron and Manganese in Sediment of the Songhua River
Authors: Zhu Hui , Yan Bai Xing
Published: June 2012

The correlative and partial correlative analysis as well as plural factors analysis of variance among Hg, Fe, Mn and organic matter in sediments of the Songhua River were conducted. Results of correlative analysis showed that Hg was positively related to Fe, Mn and organic matter. When eliminated Fe and Mn, Fe and organic matter, Mn and organic matter, respectively, results of the partial correlative analysis showed that Hg was still positively related to Fe. However, the correlations of Hg and other components disappeared. The results of variance analysis showed high contribution ratio (85.1%) of Fe to squared deviation of Hg. Therefore, Fe was the dominant factor affected Hg and its distribution.
Comparative Expression Analysis of DFL, a LFY/FLO Homologue Gene in Dendranthema lavandulifolium Responds to Photoperiodic Induction
Authors: Ma Yue Ping , Wang Lin Lin , Liu Hui , Dai Si Lan
Published: June 2012

he expression of the floral regulators DFL, a LFY/FLO homologue from Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium was examined during short day light treatments. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR experiments showed that DFL was expressed in the vegetative apices and throughout the shoot apex following photoperiodic induction. After 5 days of induction, DFL expression was increased markly and expressed in highest levels after 20 days induction. Expression of DFL in the shoot apex at the time of floral determination indicating that DFL gene is involved in the first steps of the transition from vegetative to reproductive development.
Mathematical Optimization of Monitoring Stations for Atmospheric Environment in Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, China
Authors: Zhang Yu , Yan Yu Long , He Qiu Sheng
Published: June 2012

Based on some daily monitoring date from Taiyuan Environmental Monitoring Central Station during Dec 2008 to Nov 2009, the atmospheric pollution situation of Taiyuan was evaluated. The results showed that: the concentration of SO2、NO2 and PM10 in Taiyuan was 0.0228 mg/m3、0.0198 mg/ m3 and 0.1051mg/ m3，and the inhaled particulate matter pollution is Primary contamination. In the end, the original monitoring sites have been optimized by matter element analysis method. The atmospheric pollution situation of Taiyuan can be detected accurately after the number of monitoring sites was optimized from eight to five.
Measuring the Environmental Stress: Indicators and Application
Authors: Gu Xiao Wei , Wang Qing , Wang Peng Fei , Xu Xiao Chuan , Wang Xiao Xu , Liu Jian Ping
Published: June 2012

The sustainability of a nation’s social and economic development is fundamentally determined by how much the nation’s environmental system is strained by human activities, which is in turn determined by the pressure/burden created by human activities and the carrying capacity of the nation’s environment. Based on the material flows of an economy’s metabolism and the carrying capacity of the environment, two new aggregate indicators are proposed and formulated, one being the “total domestic environmental loading” which measures the gross environmental burden imposed on the domestic environment by human activities, and the other the “total environmental stress” which measures the intensity of environmental pressure on a nation’s environment. The indicators are applied to six nations, namely, China, Germany, Netherlands, Austria, Japan, and The United States, for a number of years. Results show that, during the years from 1990 to 2002, China’s total environmental stress ranged from 57 to 82 metric tons per global hectare, exhibiting a trend of first rise, then fall and then rise again. The tendency of rebound in China’s total environmental stress after 2000 is a warning sign of further environmental degradation and should be taken seriously. During the comparison period (1993-1996), the ranking of the six nations with respect to total environmental stress, in a descending order, is China, Germany, Japan, Netherlands, The United States, and Austria. The total environmental stress values of the 5 industrial nations either remained relatively stable or declined, indicating that the environmental stress of these nations exhibited various degrees of “decoupling ” from their economic growth. China’s total environmental stress, however, experienced a steady increase in the same period and has a tendency of increase after 2002.
Observational Study on Atmospheric Particles Mass Concentration in Fushun in China
Authors: Wang Yang Feng , Ma Yan Jun , Lu Zhong Yan , Liu Ning Wei , Zhang Yun Hai , Hong Ye
Published: June 2012

The variations of the atmospheric particles mass concentration, their pollution condition, and their relationships to visibility and wind speed have been studied by using the continuous concentration data of monitoring instrument GRIMM180 from Fushun air component monitoring station in 2009. The results show that the mean mass concentrations about PM10 and PM2.5 are respectively 0.073 ㎎/m3 and 0.048 ㎎/m3, and their daily average concentration has a large variation range. The ratio above air quality standard about PM10 daily average concentration is 5.9%, and the atmospheric particles exist mainly in the form of fine particles. The atmospheric particles mass concentration and the visibility show negative correlation, and the finer the particles are, the more they affect visibility. In general, the atmospheric particles mass concentration will gradually decrease with the rising of the wind speed. When the wind speed is more than 1.0 m/s, there is an obvious dilution effect on particles mass concentration, and when larger than 4.5 m/s, the relevance is not highly apparent.
Nanometer Fiber Filter Cartridge Cleaning Principle and Correlation Parameter Calculation
Authors: Lin Gui Yu , Li Ai Feng , Wang Xiao Ming , Zeng Yi
Published: June 2012

This paper uses unary compressibility fluid movement theories and combines with years of design practice, calculates airflow movement parameters of the nanometer fiber cartridge filter cleaning system, discusses relations of the parameters and the effect on the cleaning efficiency of the parameters. The theoretical analysis results can make a significant contribution to the basis for the subsequent works.
Natural and Modified Clinoptilolite Testing for Reduction of Harmful Substance in Manufacturing Exploitation
Authors: Pandová Iveta , Gondová Taťána , Dubayová Katarína
Published: June 2012

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are the component of the exhaust gases, from which some are characterized by carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. The most considerable sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are combustion engines, thermal plants, production and distribution of products as pesticides, detergents, conservation matters, refuse inciferating plants, pyrolysis processes, coke production, cigarette gas, coal gasification. In consequence those matters from the atmosphere are accordied to earth, where they are cumulated, thereat bold increasing of aromatic hydrocarbons concentration is chronicled. The most dangerous from them is benzo(a)phyrene. If the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are get into live organisms, reagents with their structure at formation epoxides and thiolepoxides. These matters liaise to DNA, corrupted their structure and this fact induces cancer formation. The sorption possibility of natural zeolite – clinoptilolite, also its modified forms was observed in regard to some species of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Development and Application of the Bio-Desulfurization Technology
Authors: Wei Zhong Shu , Ning Xu Nan
Published: June 2012

Abstract. Hydrogen sulfide in biogas is one of the most obstructive factors on utilization of biogas as fuel gas. At present, a domestic desulfurizing process of biogas in wide-spead use is the ferric oxide process. But this process has its disadvantages: the high cost and difficult regeneration of the desulfurizer, the secondery pollution the process caused. As a new technique, the bio-desulfurization of biogas has drawn more and more attention recently. This dissertation, with the experience of engineering abroad bio-desulfurization, is focused on providing a clue or a reference for the research and application of this technique in the future.
Purification of Hydrilla Verticillata - Water Hyacinth Combinations in the Urban River’s Simulation Test Research
Authors: Wang Ying , Shao Xia Zhen , Yu Yang Ming
Published: June 2012

Using the Hydrilla verticillata - water hyacinth combination to conduct the purification research,which simulates the urban river water , the experimental study discovery, compare with the still water condition and the move water condition which the velocity of flow is 1.74cm/s, it has slightly the superiority to NH3-N, TP and DO purifies, the average elimination rate of NH3-N and TP achieves 87.24% and 82.06%，the DO density of the moves water group fluctuation not to be big in the entire experimental process, maintains throughout in the 7.24～8.75 mg/L mg/L stable scope, but to TN and COD elimination rate , the still water group is higher than move the water group obviously, respectively achieves 81.71%, 76.64%.
Research of Ecological Restoration in Xiawan Stream
Authors: Wang Hai Feng , Peng Zhong Hua
Published: June 2012

Abstract. Xiawan stream belongs to Xiangjiang River as an important tributary in Zhuzhou city, it is located in Qingshuitang heavy industry zone. The industrial pollution in the zone destroy the ecological environment there, and directly affects the Xiangjiang River water quality, therefore, it also brings some negative impact to the drinking water for people who living in Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan city group. It needs an urgent regeneration planning to recover the good quality water ecological environment. There will be tow methods to deal with this problem, the first, repairing the canal and both banks to support the ecological recovering; second, using green infrastructure around the river to heal the recently damages and to build an sustainable ecological system.
The Characteristic of the Soluble Microbial Products from an Anaerobic Reactor at Low Temperature
Authors: Zhang Lei , Li Wei Guang , Zhang Duo Ying , Wang Ke , Wang Guang Zhi
Published: June 2012

A large amount of soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) exists in the effluent from anaerobic treatment of wastewater at methophilic temperature, which consists of considerable portion of soluble microbial products (SMP). As the anaerobic treatment of wastewater was significantly influenced by temperature, it is great of importance to investigate the SMP from anaerobic reactors operated at low temperature in order to improve the performance. In this study, two lab-scale UASB reactors were performed to treat synthetic glucose and acetate wastewater respectively at an initial concentration of 1000 mg-COD/L at 15 °C. The SMP was found in the effluent from the glucose-fed UASB, and it was 6% of the influent COD concentration. The SMP did not accumulate in the acetate-fed UASB. The average aerobic biodegradability of the SMP was 90% and it was further enhanced by membrane separation of X100 (membrane with 100 k da molecular weight cut-offs). The anaerobic biodegradability of the SMP was 60%, and it was 100% for the fraction in which the molecular weight (MW) was lower than 10 k da. The fraction of low MW (lower than 10 k da) mainly consisted of 31.7% long chain alkanes and 13.6% esters. The aerobic polishing step is an available polishing step for the anaerobic treatment of wastewater at low temperature.
Distribution of Grassland Biomass Carbon Storage in China
Authors: Yang Ting Ting , Li Peng , Liu Peng Tao , Wu Xin Hong
Published: June 2012

Grassland ecosystems plays a very important role in the global carbon cycle，But measured data is very lack. In this paper, based on the ground survey data of grassland in fourteen provinces in 2008 and satellite remote sensing data, biomass carbon storage in grassland ecosystem in China is estimated. The main conclusions are as follows: China's total grassland area is about 331.41×104 km2, the total biomass carbon storage in grassland ecosystem in China in 2008 was 951.73 TgC, The carbon storage in aboveground and belowground were 161.99 and 789.74 TgC respectively. Carbon storage of Underground was about 5 times more than that of aboveground. China's grasslands are mainly located in the northern arid and semi-arid regions and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Inner Mongolia has the highest total vegetation carbon storage. Heilongjiang province is the area which has the highest above-ground biomass density, while the lowest area is Ningxia province. warm-temperate shrub-tussock provides the largest portion of carbon storage in Chinese grassland vegetation (29.66%).
A Novel Moment Method to Estimate Aerosol Emission Rate for a Source
Authors: Li Zhi Guo , Yang Yi Ke , Qi Li Cai , Xu Yang , Zhang Ping , Yu Ming Zhou
Published: June 2012

Particle pollution inevitably happens in most engineering environment and in the workplaces. In current studies on polluted particles, the information of particle dynamics with respect to its size distribution can be obtained from The Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) technique. However, the measured data usually can’t be directly used to account for sourced particle because the measured position and the sourced position are always not the same. Without flow transport, in theory, the difference between the measured data and the real sourced data should attribute to the coagulation mechanism which leads to the aerosol instability in thermodynamics. By introducing coagulation mechanism in the particle general dynamic equation and then introducing Taylor-expansion moment method proposed by Yu et al. (Aerosol Sci. Technol., 42:705-713, 2008), a novel method is proposed in this work which has an ability to estimate the emission rate of the source based on the measured data.
Analysis of Liquid Chlorine Leakage and Emergency Response Measures
Authors: Liu Jia
Published: June 2012

According to one chemical plant, this article describes the hazards of chlorine, calculates spillage of liquid chlorine and analyzes the diffusion process of poisonous vaporous cloud which is from liquid chlorine leakage. Ascertain toxic area by using mathematical model and discusses emergency measures for leakage.