bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nitric oxide regulates homeoprotein OTX1 and OTX2 expression in the rat myenteric plexus after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Filpa Viviana , Carpanese Elisa , Marchet Silvia , Pirrone Cristina , Conti Andrea , Rainero Alessia , Moro Elisabetta , Chiaravalli Anna Maria , Zucchi Ileana , Moriondo Andrea , Negrini Daniela , Crema Francesca , Frigo Gianmario , Giaroni Cristina , Porta Giovanni
Published: February 2017

Neuronal and inducible nitric oxide synthase (nNOS and iNOS) play a protective and damaging role, respectively, on the intestinal neuromuscular function after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. To uncover the molecular pathways underlying this dichotomy we investigated their possible correlation with the orthodenticle homeobox proteins OTX1 and OTX2 in the rat small intestine myenteric plexus after in vivo I/R. Homeobox genes are fundamental for the regulation of the gut wall homeostasis both during development and in pathological conditions (inflammation, cancer). I/R injury was induced by temporary clamping the superior mesenteric artery under anesthesia, followed by 24 and 48 h of reperfusion. At 48 h after I/R intestinal transit decreased and was further reduced by Nω-propyl-l-arginine hydrochloride (NPLA), a nNOS-selective inhibitor. By contrast this parameter was restored to control values by 1400W, an iNOS-selective inhibitor. In longitudinal muscle myenteric plexus (LMMP) preparations, iNOS, OTX1, and OTX2 mRNA and protein levels increased at 24 and 48 h after I/R. At both time periods, the number of iNOS- and OTX-immunopositive myenteric neurons increased. nNOS mRNA, protein levels, and neurons were unchanged. In LMMPs, OTX1 and OTX2 mRNA and protein upregulation was reduced by 1400W and NPLA, respectively. In myenteric ganglia, OTX1 and OTX2 staining was superimposed with that of iNOS and nNOS, respectively. Thus in myenteric ganglia iNOS- and nNOS-derived NO may promote OTX1 and OTX2 upregulation, respectively. We hypothesize that the neurodamaging and neuroprotective roles of iNOS and nNOS during I/R injury in the gut may involve corresponding activation of molecular pathways downstream of OTX1 and OTX2.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury induces relevant alterations in myenteric neurons leading to dismotility. Nitrergic neurons seem to be selectively involved. In the present study the inference that both neuronal and inducible nitric oxide synthase (nNOS and iNOS) expressing myenteric neurons may undergo important changes sustaining derangements of motor function is reinforced. In addition, we provide data to suggest that NO produced by iNOS and nNOS regulates the expression of the vital transcription factors orthodenticle homeobox protein 1 and 2 during an I/R damage.
Entrevista com Danièle Linhart: a instituição da expropriação
Authors: Linhart Danièle , Aucher Laurent , Barnier Frédérique
Published: February 2017

Entrevista concedida a Laurent Aucher e Frédérique Barnier em 22 de maio de 2015 para a revista La vie de idées3 , traduzida por Eduardo Alessandro Kawamura, Juliana Andrade Oliveira, Luciano Pereira e Selma Borghi Venco. Com a revisão de Marilane Carneiro Di Mario. Socióloga, Danièle Linhart é diretora emérita de pesquisa no Centro Nacional de Pesquisa Científica (Centre national de la recherche scientifique, CNRS), membro do laboratório Grupo de Pesquisa Gênero, Trabalho e Mobilidade do Centro de Pesquisas Sociológicas e Políticas de Paris (GTMCRESPPA) da Unidade Mista de Pesquisa (UMR) do CNRS e das Universidades de Paris 8 e Paris 10. Do taylorismo ao gerenciamento moderno, os modelos de organização do trabalho sempre buscaram, segundo Danièle Linhart, desapropriar os assalariados de seus saberes profissionais. Essa expropriação no trabalho é hoje também subjetiva, o que a torna muito difícil de ser combatida
Working relationships in a public university: technico-administrative office employees activity
Authors: Coimbra Beatriz Cysne , Barros Maria Elizabeth Barros de
Published: February 2017

O artigo trata de uma pesquisa-intervenção realizada com funcionários técnicos administrativos de uma Instituição Federal de Ensino Superior (IFES) que ocupam o cargo de assistente em administração. O objetivo principal da investigação foi analisar o trabalho sob o ponto de vista da atividade. A metodologia utilizada se baseou no referencial teórico-metodológico da Clínica da Atividade, proposta por Yves Clot e seus colaboradores. A oficina de fotos foi utilizada como procedimento metodológico. O grupo foi composto por 10 funcionários de diferentes setores da universidade, entre os quais, três se dispuseram a fotografar cenas do cotidiano do trabalho. Tais fotos foram estratégia utilizada para disparar diálogos sobre o trabalho que realizam. A pesquisa indica que os trabalhadores procuram se reinventar e elaborar maneiras outras para enfrentar situações de trabalho que os desafiam, buscando modos diversos de atuar, o que se faz a partir da ampliação do poder de agir
Ökologische und soziale Beschaffung im künftigen Vergaberecht: Kompetenzen, Inhalte, Verhältnismäßigkeit
Authors: Burgi Martin
Published: February 2017

A persecução de objetivos ecológicos e/ou sociais no contexto das licitações constitui um objeto de animadas ambições políticas que frequentemente geram reclamações no campo prático e, mais do que nunca, motivos para inúmeras decisões judiciais e estudos científicos. A União Europeia tomou as chamadas contratações estratégicas como um elemento central da reforma de seu modelo de licitações, em razão do que os esforços da Alemanha para internalizar as normas europeias são esperados com tensão, principalmente porque o legislador federal alemão será confrontado com leis de licitações estaduais. Como ponto central do presente estudo será discutido o esboço do governo, publicado em 08 de julho de 2016, para uma nova disciplina jurídica das licitações na GWB (esboço doravante denominado de RegE-GWB).
As fronteiras cognitivas do ato de indiciamento no processo disciplinar: breves notas sobre o caráter objetivo, limitado e não exauriente dessa específica fse de valoração jurídica
Authors: Dezan Sandro Lucio
Published: February 2017

O presente artigo tem por finalidade estudar os contornos limitativos das análises jurídicas incidentes sobre os fatos e os fundamentos da acusação processual, realizado pela comissão de disciplina, no ato de indiciamento do agente público, no processo administrativo disciplinar. Com aporte no conceito estratificado de ilícito, visa-se à discussão sobre os deveres-poderes de cognição do colegiado responsável pela instrução processual no momento de sopesar a ocorrência ou não dos fatos jurídicos relevantes para as etapas seguintes do processo. Com o emprego de uma análise do fenômeno a direcionar o real propósito e significado do ato de indiciamento operado pelas autoridades atuantes no processo disciplinar e com vistas à obtenção da forma adequada para a inferência de indícios de infração, conclui-se que a cognição para o caso ora versado se deve ater aos elementos de caracteres objetivos do conceito estratificado de ilícito disciplinar, ignorando, por outro lado, os elementos subjetivos desse conceito, adstritos, quanto ao sopesamento, ao relatório final do inquérito administrativo.
Cassirer thinker of technology
Authors: Príncipe João
Published: February 2017

Este artigo apresenta e analisa as reflexões de Ernst Cassirer, concentradas em dois textos, sobre a técnica. Para a sua compreensão começa-se por estudar a sua filosofia das formas simbólicas, mostrando a sua fidelidade ao método transcendental kantiano; considera-se depois o pensamento alemão seu contemporâneo sobre a técnica, que inscreve esta no campo da cultura. No ensaio “Forma e técnica” (1930), Cassirer analisa a essência específica da técnica enquanto forma simbólica, bem como as suas relações com as outras formas simbólicas: o mito, a arte, a ciência e o cosmo ético. No livro O mito do estado (1946), a construção da ideologia totalitária é explicada pela fusão da técnica com o mito, apresentando-se a genealogia do mito ariano e as técnicas de manipulação ao seu serviço. Cassirer dá-nos uma visão dramática do campo da cultura, a qual difere da do pessimismo da perspectiva trágica de Simmel, afirmando que a missão da filosofia é a de ser uma consciência lógica da cultura, simultaneamente sabendo-se colocar contra e para além dos tempos
NLRP3 (Nucleotide Oligomerization Domain–Like Receptor Family, Pyrin Domain Containing 3)–Caspase-1 Inflammasome Degrades Contractile Proteins
Authors: Wu Darrell , Ren Pingping , Zheng Yanqiu , Zhang Lin , Xu Gaiping , Xie Wanmu , Lloyd Eric E. , Zhang Sui , Zhang Qianzi , Curci John A. , Coselli Joseph S. , Milewicz Dianna M. , Shen Ying H. , LeMaire Scott A.
Published: February 2017

Objective—

Increasing evidence suggests that contractile dysfunction in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) plays a critical role in aortic biomechanical dysfunction and aortic aneurysm and dissection (AAD) development. However, the mechanisms underlying SMC contractile dysfunction in sporadic AAD are poorly understood. In this study, we examined the role of the NLRP3 (nucleotide oligomerization domain–like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3)–caspase-1 inflammasome, a key inflammatory cascade, in SMC contractile dysfunction in AAD.

Approach and Results—

We observed significant SMC contractile protein degradation in aortas from patients with sporadic thoracic AAD. The contractile protein degradation was associated with activation of the NLRP3–caspase-1 inflammasome cascade. In SMCs, caspase-1 bound and directly cleaved and degraded contractile proteins, leading to contractile dysfunction. Furthermore,
Nlrp3
or
caspase-1
deficiency in mice significantly reduced angiotensin II–induced contractile protein degradation, biomechanical dysfunction, and AAD formation in both thoracic and abdominal aortas. Finally, blocking this cascade with the inflammasome inhibitor, glyburide (an antidiabetic medication), reduced angiotensin II–induced AAD formation.

Conclusions—

Inflammasome-caspase-1–mediated degradation of SMC contractile proteins may contribute to aortic biomechanical dysfunction and AAD development. This cascade may be a therapeutic target in AAD formation. In addition, glyburide may have protective effects against AAD development.
The Onset of the English Agricultural Revolution: Climate Factors and Soil Nutrients
Authors: Tello Enric , Martínez José Luis , Jover-Avellà Gabriel , Olarieta José Ramón , García-Ruiz Roberto , de Molina Manuel González , Badia-Miró Marc , Winiwarter Verena , Koepke Nikola
Published: February 2017

The English Agricultural Revolution began during a period of climate change in which temperatures decreased significantly. Lower temperatures meant less bacterial activity, a slower release of mineral nitrogen into cultivated soils, and a shorter growing season for crops—a combination that tended to diminish yields. The English farmers reacted by increasing the flow of organic matter and manure into the soil, thus mitigating the negative effect of the colder temperatures to some extent. When the temperatures rose again, the faster mineralization of soil organic matter led to bountiful yields that encouraged English farmers to continue with these innovative strategies. The upshot is that the English agricultural revolution was more a discovery than an invention, that the English agricultural revolution was more a discovery than an invention, induced by a combination of climate challenges, social and institutional settings, and market incentives.
USING Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) TO UNCOVER DIVERSITY OF WOOD-DECAYING FUNGI IN NEOTROPICAL ATLANTIC FORESTS
Authors: VAZ ALINE B.M. , FONSECA PAULA L.C. , LEITE LAURA R. , BADOTTI FERNANDA , SALIM ANNA C.M. , ARAUJO FLAVIO M.G. , CUADROS-ORELLANA SARA , DUARTE ÂNGELO A. , ROSA CARLOS A. , OLIVEIRA GUILHERME , GÓES-NETO ARISTÓTELES
Published: February 2017

A targeted amplicon-based metagenomics approach (metabarcoding) provides detailed access to the diversity of the mycobiome in any substrate in distinct environments on Earth. Fungi are the main decomposers of lignocellulosic woody debris in terrestrial forested ecosystems, contributing significantly to the global carbon cycle. The main objectives of this study were to assess the fungal taxonomic diversity in fallen woody debris samples from two Neotropical forest fragments (rainforest and seasonal forest), to analyze the qualitative and quantitative components of the taxonomic diversity, and to investigate the functional diversity of the ecological groups detected. Our study comprised three main methodological steps: (i) sampling in the field; (ii) extraction of DNA, amplification of targeted segments and massively parallel sequencing; and (iii) data analysis and interpretation. A total of 110 molecular operational taxonomic units showing sequence similarity of 95% or more across the two collection sites using two DNA metabarcoding markers (ITS1 and ITS2) were assigned to putative fungal genera in 59 families, 27 orders, and 3 phyla. The number of putative fungal genera and the relative abundance of reads for each genus are higher in the tropical rainforest site than in the tropical seasonal forest site. Most of the identified genera are ligninolytic and cellulolytic and/or hemicellulolytic Basidiomycota (Agaricomycetes) and Ascomycota (Sordariomycetes), but “sugar fungi” and fungi associated with plants and detritivorous insects were also detected. This is the first study using NGS as a rapid and large-scale useful strategy to uncover the diversity of wood-decaying fungi in tropical forests.
ENSO Complexity Induced by State Dependence of Westerly Wind Events
Authors: Hayashi Michiya , Watanabe Masahiro
Published: February 2017

Coupled dynamics between westerly wind events (WWEs) and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is examined using an atmosphere–ocean coupled model with intermediate complexity. The model incorporates state-dependent stochastic noise that mimics observed WWEs, which occur at the edge of the Pacific warm pool when the Niño-4 sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly increases positively. The model parameter that controls the efficiency of the thermocline feedback, γ, is perturbed to elaborate the sensitivity of the results to the system’s stability. Without the noise (experiment NO), the model produces an ENSO-like regular oscillation with a 6-yr period, the variance of which increases with γ. When additive noise is introduced over the western Pacific (experiment AD), the oscillations become irregular with a dominant period of 4–6 years and the increase in the variance relative to the NO experiment depends on γ. When state-dependent noise is included (experiment SD), the oscillatory solution is also irregular, and its variance and asymmetry are increased irrespective of the value of γ. Both the additive and state-dependent noise contribute to the occurrence of two types of variability, corresponding to the eastern Pacific (EP) and central Pacific (CP) El Niños. In SD, the state dependence of the stochastic noise guarantees the existence of CP El Niño regardless of γ since the increased likelihood of WWE occurrence with Niño-4 SSTs results in a positive feedback in the central Pacific. The above results suggest that the state dependence of WWEs plays a crucial role in the asymmetry and diversity of ENSO.
Zygmunt Bauman’s moral saint
Authors: Hookway Nicholas
Published: February 2017

Zygmunt Bauman’s sociology of morality signals an important new direction from the orthodoxy of Emile Durkheim’s ‘society’ realised ethics. The first part of this paper defends Bauman’s postmodern position as valuable in theorising the moral present, offering a sociological conception of the sources, strategies and experience of contemporary morality. The paper then shifts to a critique of Bauman’s social theory of ‘being for the other’, arguing that it misses the particular and embodied aspects of moral sociality and effaces the self in endless responsibility to the Other. It is suggested that a sociology of morality is needed which goes beyond Bauman’s moral saint and provides conceptual space to theorise the self and cultures of authenticity and self-fulfilment.
Underutilization of Preventive Asthma Visits Among Urban Children With Persistent Asthma
Authors: Gundewar Anisha , David Rebecca , Frey Sean M. , Fagnano Maria , Halterman Jill S.
Published: February 2017

National guidelines recommend that children with persistent asthma have at least 2 preventive asthma visits (PAVs) per year. We sought to determine the percent of urban children with persistent asthma who had a PAV in the past year, and to identify differences in demographics, health-related variables, and management associated with PAVs. Using data from 530 children (3-10 years) participating in a school-based asthma trial, we found that only 25% of children had at least 1 PAV, with only 5% receiving ≥2 visits. Having a PAV was not associated with demographics or health-related variables. Importantly, having a PAV was associated with having a preventive medication, taking that medication daily, and having a medication adjustment. Although PAVs were associated with actions to improve asthma control and management, these visits were underutilized in this sample. This highlights the need for novel methods to ensure access and deliver care to this vulnerable pediatric population.
The Process and Experiences of Self-Employment Among People With Disabilities: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Ashley Deborah , Graf Noreen M.
Published: February 2017

Self-employment and business ownership may provide viable options toward overcoming employment disparities for people with disabilities. This qualitative study explored the process and experience of self-employment among people with disabilities. An online survey yielded responses from 18 individuals who were engaged in various self-employment endeavors. The researchers identified three main categories: reasons for self-employment, the process of becoming self-employed, and the challenges encountered. The majority of participants revealed negative and/or unhelpful interactions with vocational rehabilitation counselors. In addition, this study solicited advice from participants for vocational rehabilitation counselors and other persons with disabilities contemplating self-employment. Finally, recommendations for vocational rehabilitation practice, business development training, and education are provided.
Before Busing
Authors: Miletsky Zebulon Vance
Published: February 2017

Boston’s long Civil Rights Movement in the twentieth century, before the infamous busing crisis, has not received nearly as much attention as the school desegregation period that was ushered in by Federal court order in 1974. While the story of Boston’s busing crisis is well known, my goal is to place that moment within the context of a longer freedom struggle in Boston and highlight the city’s history of racial inequality and segregation. By looking at both the nineteenth-century origins of legal discrimination in Boston and the activism during the four decades before the 1970s, I reconstruct these humble but effective efforts in which activists focused mainly on issues of employment, housing, educational equality, and quality of life. The goal of this essay, then, is to contextualize the busing conversation and reconstruct the political context in which black Bostonians embarked on various campaigns to reclaim the legacy of freedom and equality established earlier, in the nineteenth century. In that sense, I argue that Boston was not simply a “southern space” ensconced in the North, but rather was the original template for segregation in the nation, as cited in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896).1The issues engaged by Boston’s freedom movement, from de facto school segregation to employment discrimination, challenge many prevailing popular assumptions about postwar black freedom struggles in other cities. This article aims to investigate the origins of that movement and what gave rise to the unique nature of civil rights organizing activities in Boston before Busing.
Reviving icons to death: when historic photographs become digital memes
Authors: Boudana Sandrine , Frosh Paul , Cohen Akiba A
Published: February 2017

Iconic photographs possess broad social and symbolic significance, are widely replicated over time and circulated across media platforms, and fuel public discussion. In an era of digital memes, they have become generative resources for memetic performances that not only can draw on these images’ historic authority but can also undermine it. Based on the analysis of the ‘Accidental Napalm’ memes, our research leads to a fourfold taxonomy, from memes that expand or expound the meaning of the original picture to those that narrow and potentially destroy its significance. Assessing Hariman and Lucaites’ contention that appropriations of iconic images enhance civic engagement and public culture, we argue that some memes may actually dissolve the original significance of iconic photographs and potentially degrade, rather than enhance, public culture.
Selective history and hegemony-making: The case of Singapore
Authors: Abdullah Walid Jumblatt
Published: February 2017

This article attempts to analyze the process of selective history and hegemony-making in Singapore, and makes the following arguments. Firstly, the birth of the nation-state led the political elites to rely on several hegemonic ideologies as founding myths, chief of which is the idea of ‘survival’. Secondly, to create and sustain these ideologies, two things needed to be done concurrently: de-emphasize the Malay-ness of the nation’s past; and accentuate the racial/religious nature of sources to instability. Finally, the article makes the claim that these ideologies have been successfully perpetuated, and outlines the contours of this success. In making these arguments, the article hopes to argue against Singapore ‘exceptionalism’ in studies on democratization, and further contends that the link between ideas, history and authoritarianism needs to be considered more seriously.
Employee Creativity: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Jain Ravindra , Jain Cherry
Published: February 2017

The literature relevant to creativity is diverse in approach. As a result, there has been a lack of cohesive theoretical understanding of how employee creativity operates and gets affected in organizations. In the existing literature, we found a number of theoretical approaches of creativity that appear as supplementary and complementary to provide a better understanding of the creativity. However, employee creativity continues to appear as an elusive and complex phenomenon. Such observations trigger the authors’ interest to synthesize prior research and present the same in the form of a conceptual framework of employee creativity. On the basis of the results of extensive review of vast and varied literature, it is suggested that three individual characteristics, namely, personality traits & self-concepts, cognitive characteristics and motivational aspects, and four contextual characteristics, namely, super- visory and leadership behaviour, co-workers’ behaviour, job context and social network, have independent as well as combined or mediated effect on employee creativity.
Inflammatory cytokine response and cardiac troponin I changes in cardiopulmonary bypass using two cardioplegia solutions; del Nido and modified St. Thomas’: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gorjipour Farhad , Dehaki Maziar Gholampour , Totonchi Ziae , Hajimiresmaiel Seyed Javad , Azarfarin Rasoul , Pazoki-toroudi Hamidreza , Mahdavi Mohammad , Korbi Mahtab , Dehaki Mahyar Gholampour , Soltani Behrouz , Gorjipour Fazel
Published: February 2017

Background:

Long intervals of del Nido (DN) solution administration, 90 minutes, may result in rewarming of the myocardial tissue and elevate metabolic demand and hypoxia. This will potentially increase inflammatory response due to ischemia-reperfusion injury. We conducted this study to compare the inflammatory response between patients receiving DN and multi-dose St Thomas’ cardioplegia solution (MST) in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery for the correction of tetralogy of Fallot (TF).

Methods:

Fifty-nine pediatric patients undergoing TF total correction surgery were randomly assigned into two groups: DN and MST. The patients’ demographic data, blood chemistry parameters, hemodynamics and other clinical variables were recorded. TNF-a, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and cTnI were measured after anesthesia induction (before skin incision), immediately after cross-clamp removal and 24 hours after admission to the intensive care unit (ICU).

Results:

Thirty-two patients of a mean age of 28.0±16.4 months received DN and 27 patients of a mean age of 24.2±15.9 months received MST. Perioperative clinical parameters were not significantly different between the two groups. Cytokine levels for all patients were significantly increased after surgery. Inter-group comparisons of cytokine levels demonstrated no significant differences in TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 cytokines levels. IL-10 level showed a moderately significant increase in the MST group compared to the DN group after surgery (2.94±0.9 vs. 2.46±0.61 log10 pg/mL, respectively; p=0.039). Postoperative lactate level was significantly different between two groups (2.475±1.29 vs 1.63±0.82 mg/dL in DN and MST groups, respectively; p=0.007). CTnI levels increased after surgery and remained constant until 24 hours after surgery. Significant differences between the MST and DN groups, at all times, were not detected.

Conclusions:

The anti-inflammatory cytokine response in the MST group is significantly better than in the DN group. This may be due to shorter intervals of the MST cardioplegia solution administration, which prevents rewarming of the myocardium, increased metabolic demand and hypoxia. Decreasing the intervals of DN administration may improve its cardioprotective properties.
Changes in Lower Extremity Kinematics and Temporal Parameters of Adolescent Baseball Pitchers During an Extended Pitching Bout
Authors: Kung Stacey M. , Shultz Sarah P. , Kontaxis Andreas , Kraszewski Andrew P. , Gibbons Mandi W. , Backus Sherry I. , Fink Philip W. , Fealy Stephen , Hillstrom Howard J.
Published: February 2017

Background:

Few studies have investigated detailed 3-dimensional lower extremity kinematics during baseball pitching in adolescent athletes during extended play. Changes in these parameters may affect performance outcomes.

Purpose:

To investigate whether adolescent baseball pitchers experience changes in lower extremity kinematics and event timing during a simulated game-length pitching bout.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Twelve male adolescent pitchers (aged 14-16 years) threw 6 sets of 15 fastball pitches from an artificial pitching mound to a target at regulation distance. Joint angles and angular velocities at the hip, knee, and ankle of both legs were collected throughout the phases of the pitching cycle as well as stride length, pelvis orientation, pitch duration, timing of foot contact and ball release, ball speed, and pitching accuracy. Paired t tests ( P < .05) were used to compare the dependent variables between the last 5 pitches of the second (baseline) and sixth (final) sets.

Results:

During the stride phase, decreased maximum angular excursions for hip extension (baseline: 14.7° ± 9.8°; final: 11.6° ± 10.3°; P < .05) and ankle plantar flexion (baseline: 30.2° ± 14.5°; final: 24.2° ± 15.3°; P < .05) as well as maximum angular velocity for knee extension (baseline: 144.9 ± 63.3 deg·s−1; final: 121.7 ± 62.0 deg·s−1; P < .05) were observed between sets in the trailing leg. At foot contact, pitchers had decreased hip flexion (baseline: 69.5° ± 10.1°; final: 66.5° ± 11.8°; P < .05) and increased hip abduction (baseline: 20.7° ± 8.9°; final: 25.4° ± 6.0°; P < .05) in the leading leg in the final set. Compared with the baseline set, ball speed significantly decreased in the final set (29.5 ± 2.5 m·s−1 vs 28.3 ± 2.5 m·s−1, respectively; P < .05).

Conclusion:

Kinematic changes and decreased ball speeds observed in the final set suggest that adolescent pitchers are unable to maintain lower extremity kinematics and performance as a result of extended play.

Clinical Relevance:

The results from this study may warrant further investigation into how altered lower extremity kinematics may affect trunk and upper extremity function, performance, and risk of injuries during pitching in adolescent athletes, particularly during actual game play.
Nested Peripheralisation
Authors: Pfoser Alena
Published: February 2017

This article is part of the special section titled Recursive Easts, Shifting Peripheries, guest edited by Pamela Ballinger.

The break-up of the Cold War order, the eastwards expansion of the European Union into former socialist countries and the more recent economic and humanitarian crises have led to the emergence of new symbolic borders and the reconfiguration of spatial hierarchies within Europe. The article shows how metageographical categories of “Europe,” “East,” and “West” and underlying classificatory logics are not only circulated in geopolitical discourses but can be appropriated by ordinary citizens in their everyday life. Using the Russian–Estonian border as a case study, the article examines the recursive negotiations of Europe’s East–West border by people living in the borderland as a response to the geopolitical changes. It highlights three border narratives: the narrative of becoming peripheral/Eastern, the narrative of becoming European, and a narrative contesting the East–West hierarchy by associating the East and one’s own identity with positive things. On both sides of the border, the status as a new periphery does not create unity across the border but rather results in multiple and competing border narratives, in which “Europe” functions as an unstable referent in relation to which one’s position is marked out. This “nested peripheralisation” at Europe’s new margins reflects power relations and uneven local experiences of transformation.
Using the Theory of Planned Behavior to Guide Focus Group Development of Messages Aimed at Increasing Compliance With a Tobacco-Free Policy
Authors: Record Rachael A. , Harrington Nancy G. , Helme Donald W. , Savage Matthew W.
Published: February 2017

Purpose:

This study details the persuasive message development for a theory-based campaign designed to increase compliance with a university’s tobacco-free policy.

Approach:

The theory of planned behavior (TPB) guided message design and evaluation for focus group–tested messages that were adapted to the context of complying with a tobacco-free policy.

Setting:

The study was conducted at a university located in the tobacco belt.

Participants:

Undergraduate focus group participants (n = 65) were mostly male (69%), white (82%), and freshman (62%) who smoked at least 1 cigarette in the last 30 days; on-campus smoking percentages were never/rare (60%), occasionally (23%), and often/frequently (16%).

Method:

Data analysis used a theoretical thematic approach to identify how the TPB constructs related to perceptions of message effectiveness.

Results:

Participants responded favorably to attitudinal strategies about health, respect, and university figures; they rejected approaches they considered juvenile and offensive. They also discussed the impact of noncompliance and avoiding overgeneralized statements for addressing subjective norms, suggesting shortening text, adjusting picture location, and emphasizing the importance of compliance to increase perceptions of behavioral control.

Conclusion:

Applying theory to preexisting messages is challenging. The design approach in this study is an evidence-based strategy that can be used as a universal process for message adaptation. Results offer health promotion suggestions for designing messages aimed at improving undergraduate smokers’ willingness to comply with tobacco-free campus policies.
Randomized Controlled Trial on Effect of Intermittent Early Versus Late Kangaroo Mother Care on Human Milk Feeding in Low-Birth-Weight Neonates
Authors: Jayaraman Dhaarani , Mukhopadhyay Kanya , Bhalla Anil Kumar , Dhaliwal Lakhbir Kaur
Published: February 2017

Background:

Breastfeeding at discharge among sick low-birth-weight (LBW) infants is low despite counseling and intervention like kangaroo mother care (KMC).

Research aim:

The aim was to study the effects of early initiation of KMC on exclusive human milk feeding, growth, mortality, and morbidities in LBW neonates compared with late initiation of KMC during the hospital stay and postdischarge.

Methods:

A randomized controlled trial was conducted in level 2 and 3 areas of a tertiary care neonatal unit over 15 months. Inborn neonates weighing 1 to 1.8 kg and hemodynamically stable were randomized to receive either early KMC, initiated within the first 4 days of life, or late KMC (off respiratory support and intravenous fluids). Follow-up was until 1 month postdischarge. Outcomes were proportion of infants achieving exclusive human milk feeding and direct breastfeeding, growth, mortality and morbidities during hospital stay, and postdischarge feeding and KMC practices until 1 month.

Results:

The early KMC group ( n = 80) achieved significantly higher exclusive human milk feeding (86% vs. 45%, p < .001) and direct breastfeeding (49% vs. 30%, p = .021) in hospital and almost exclusive human milk feeding (73% vs. 36%, p < .001) until 1 month postdischarge than the late KMC group ( n = 80). The incidence of apnea (11.9% vs. 20%, p = .027) and recurrent apnea requiring ventilation (8.8% vs. 15%, p = .02) were significantly reduced in the early KMC group. There was no significant difference in mortality, morbidities, and growth during the hospital stay and postdischarge.

Conclusion:

Early KMC significantly increased exclusive human milk feeding and direct breastfeeding in LBW infants.
Self-rated health and substance use among individuals in HIV care in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Machado Iona K , Luz Paula M , Lake Jordan E , Castro Rodolfo , Velasque Luciane , Clark Jesse L , Veloso Valdilea G , Grinsztejn Beatriz , De Boni Raquel B
Published: February 2017

Self-rated health (SRH) is associated with morbidity and mortality in HIV-uninfected populations but is understudied in HIV. Substance use may affect SRH in addition to its deleterious effect on HIV disease. This analysis aimed to estimate SRH and substance use prevalence and evaluate factors associated with poor SRH among individuals in HIV care in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A convenience sample of HIV-infected adults completed one item of SRH, the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2). Logistic regression models identified factors associated with poor SRH. Participants’ (n = 1029) median age was 42.9 years, 64.2% were male, and 54.5% were nonwhite. Poor SRH was reported by 19.5% and the use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and crack/cocaine by 30.1, 19.5, 3.9, and 3.5%, respectively. Less than high school education (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–2.20), lack of sexual activity in previous 12 months (aOR 1.53, 95% CI: 1.01–2.30), crack/cocaine use (aOR 3.82, 95% CI: 1.80–8.09), positive PHQ-2 screen (aOR 3.43, 95% CI: 2.09–5.62), and HIV-1 RNA ≥40 c/ml (aOR 2.51, 95% CI: 1.57–4.02) were significantly associated with poor SRH as identified by logistic regression analyses. Alcohol, marijuana, and sedative use were not significantly associated with poor SRH. These results emphasize the need for substance use and mental health screening and treatment in this population. Further research may elucidate the consequences of poor SRH on treatment adherence, morbidity, and mortality in HIV-infected individuals.
Foreign Direct Investment and Technology Transfer: Knowledge Spillover in the Manufacturing Sector in Indonesia
Authors: Djulius Horas
Published: February 2017

Knowledge spillover, as a form of technology transfer from foreign direct investment (FDI), has frequently been investigated in the contexts of various countries. This study aims to examine whether the availability of labour working for foreign companies could trigger improved productivity of the companies’ domestic workers. It also aims to investigate the horizontal and vertical spillovers that might occur, formally or less formally, and to discover whether specialization and industrial competition play a role in facilitating knowledge spillover in Indonesia’s manufacturing industry. What differentiates this study from previous similar studies is our investigation of whether or not the business orientation and intensity factors of domestic companies could be catalysts for knowledge spillover. To examine this, we use firm-level data and econometrics modelling to test our hypotheses. An important finding of this study is that the export orientation of domestic companies is a critical factor in promoting knowledge spillover.
Long-memory Modelling and Forecasting of the Returns and Volatility of Exchange-traded Notes (ETNs)
Authors: Masa Argel S. , Diaz John Francis T.
Published: February 2017

This research provides evidence in determining the predictability of exchange-traded notes (ETNs). It utilises commodity, currency and equity ETNs as data samples, and examines the performance of the three combinations of long-memory models, that is, autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average and generalised autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARFIMA-GARCH), autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average and fractionally integrated generalised autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARFIMA-FIGARCH) and autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average and hyperbolic generalised autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARFIMA-HYGARCH), and three forecasting horizons, that is, 1-, 5- and 20-step-ahead horizons, to model ETNs returns and volatilities. The article finds long-memory processes in ETNs; however, dual long-memory process in returns and volatilities is not verified. The research also poses a challenge to the weak-form efficiency hypothesis of Fama (1970) because lagged changes determine future values, especially in volatility. The findings also show that differences in the characteristics of commodity, currency and equity ETNs are not concluded because of similarities in ETN traits and several insignificant results. However, the presence of intermediate memory was identified, and should serve as a warning sign for investors not to keep these investments in the long run. Lastly, the ARFIMA-FIGARCH model has a slight edge over the ARFIMA-GARCH and ARFIMA-HYGARCH specifications using 1-, 5- and 20-forecast horizons.

JEL Classification: G11, G17
Intention to View Health TV Programs in South Korea: An Application of the Comprehensive Model of Information Seeking
Authors: Paek Hye-Jin , Choi Mideum , Hove Thomas
Published: February 2017

As people have become increasingly concerned about their health, programs about health have proliferated on South Korean television. This study’s purpose is to identify the factors associated with and processes through which Korean adults intend to view health TV programs. The comprehensive model of information seeking (CMIS) was tested using structural equation modeling that was fitted with survey data from a nationally representative sample of 1,020 South Korean adults. Results indicate that the demographic antecedents of being female and older adult and the psychological antecedents of being health conscious and health literate significantly predicted the degree to which people would perceive health TV programs to be useful. Among the information carrier factors of health TV programs, utility was directly related to intention to view, while trust in health information on TV was only indirectly related to intention to view. For theoretical implications, we suggest further conceptual and operational refinement of CMIS. For practical implications, we highlight the importance of motivational and utility factors in predicting people’s intention to view health TV programs. Finally, this study stresses the importance of TV as a viable health information provider that can reduce health information gaps and help people (particularly older adults, the poor, and the less educated) to improve their health knowledge and health behaviors.
Tell Us Again, How Satisfied Are You? The Influence of Recurring Posttransaction Surveys on Purchase Behavior
Authors: Flynn Andrea Godfrey , Salisbury Linda Court , Seiders Kathleen
Published: February 2017

Service firms frequently contact customers after a transaction to solicit feedback and assess satisfaction with the service experience. Customers who have an ongoing relationship with a firm may receive satisfaction surveys after many or even most of their service encounters, yielding effects that are likely to be cumulative over time. Yet how these cumulative effects influence customer purchase behavior is not clear. Because satisfaction surveys serve a dual purpose of providing valuable customer feedback and incorporating bidirectional communication into relational marketing strategies, understanding their longer term effects is important. This study examines the influence of recurring posttransaction satisfaction surveys on purchase behavior at the individual customer transaction level using service transaction data and relational contact data spanning 3 years at a large North American automotive dealership. The findings reveal that repeatedly soliciting a customer’s feedback may have detrimental cumulative effects on purchase amount and interpurchase time, and the cumulative effects vary with customers’ cross purchasing history. Results indicate diminished impact of other individualized direct contacts when a customer also receives a posttransaction satisfaction survey. The authors discuss how companies can use satisfaction surveys as an effective tool within a firm’s portfolio of relational communications and minimize detrimental effects over time.
Tourism and financial development in small states
Authors: Cannonier Colin , Burke Monica Galloway
Published: February 2017

Tourism expenditure in Caribbean countries represents the single largest inflow of foreign exchange and is associated with a significant amount of international capital flows. Yet, the relationship between tourism and financial development (FD) has received scant attention in the academic literature. This article focuses on whether tourism promotes FD in Caribbean economies. We do so by using newly constructed data on tourism flows to the region during the period 1980–2013. We find that tourist expenditure, on average, has a positive and significant impact on various measures of FD. At our most conservative estimates, we find that by increasing tourism expenditures per capita by about $1200 (USD), depth in the financial system improves by about 10–15%, while efficiency increases by about 34%. Our results are robust to instrumental variables, system generalized method of moments, and limited information maximum likelihood estimation techniques as well as to a variety of measures of FD. Such findings may have important policy implications related to facilitating growth and development through an increase in efficiency in the system of FD.
Evaluation of a light controller for a LED-based dynamic light source
Authors: Maiti P K , Roy B
Published: February 2017

In this paper, the performance of a dynamic light controller (DLC) is experimentally evaluated to achieve a dynamic light source consisting of alternative arrays of warm white and cool white light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The DLC is programmed to drive the light source through both step and continuous variations of correlated colour temperature (CCT) and light output. For step variation, the DLC generates pulse width modulation (PWM) signals to drive the LED arrays to achieve 16 desired set points out of four CCTs (2900–5600 K) and four illuminances (100–300 Lux). The measured set points show deviations within acceptable limits. For continuous variation, the DLC is programmed to make the dynamic light source follow a time-varying pattern of CCT and Illuminance. The variations of measured values are mostly within acceptable limits except at lower CCT and illuminance points. The measured duty cycles of the generated PWM signals from the DLC are almost equal to the corresponding calculated values for both the step and continuous variations indicating good performance. The measured deviations are caused by the differences in lumen output at duty cycles <10% compared to the estimated values.
Evidence-Based Practice in Special Education and Cultural Adaptations
Authors: Wang Mian , Lam Yeana
Published: February 2017

Many issues arise in the discussion of the evidence-based practice (EBP) movement and implementation science in special education and specific educational practices for students with severe disabilities. Yet cultural adaptations of EBPs, which have emerged as an area of research in other fields, are being left out as a focus of EBP discourse. The aim of this article is to examine key challenges and concerns in the movement of EBP and implementation science in special education, as well as the emergence of cultural adaptation of EBPs in other fields. Apart from an argument for the need of cultural adaptations of EBPs in special education, we discuss guiding principles and provide recommendations for developing culturally adapted EBPs in special education.
Speaking Black, 1824: Charles Mathews’s Trip to America Revisited
Authors: Lewis Robert Michael
Published: February 2017

Actor and comedian Charles Mathews sought information and inspiration to portray African American characters previously unrepresented on the London stage. During his visit in 1822-23 to major cities in the northeastern United States he encountered ‘literary blackface’, nonsensical dialogue that ridiculed the intelligence and citizenship rights of African Americans. He transcribed two stanzas from the most recent ‘bobalition’ broadside. Although he did not include these ‘scraps of songs and malaprops’ directly into his Trip performance, they formed part of his informal rehearsals on tour, and his cultural memory: ‘literary blackface’ influenced the style, rather than the content, of his London show. His friend, the actor and singer Thomas Philipps, whom he met again in New York, arranged the song ‘Possum up a gum tree’. David Claypoole Johnston, who performed on stage with Mathews in Philadelphia in early 1823, produced four prints of Mathews and also parodied African American speech in his illustrations.
Global initiatives in maternal and newborn health
Authors: Brizuela Vanessa , Tunçalp Özge
Published: February 2017

In 2015, 17 sustainable development goals were established for 2030. These global goals aim to ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all. In support of the sustainable development goals, the World Health Organization proposed a new global strategy for women’s, children’s, and adolescents’ health in 2016 with three overarching objectives: to survive, to thrive, and to transform. We are now globally seeking not only to end preventable deaths but also to ensure health and wellbeing, and expand enabling environments. This strategy builds on several prior initiatives in maternal and newborn health, such as the Every Woman, Every Child initiative, and the strategy to end preventable maternal mortality and implementation of an action plan to end preventable newborn death. This confluence of initiatives, strategies, and novel financing mechanisms under the umbrella of the sustainable development goals and the global strategy pave the way for a global agenda in which securing women’s health is critical.