bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les paradoxes de la supervision
Authors: Salmon Gildas
Published: February 2019

L’ambition affichée par les Britanniques d’instaurer le « règne du droit » dans les provinces conquises par la Compagnie des Indes à la fin du XVIII e  siècle recouvre un projet de modernisation paradoxal, distinct de la rhétorique de la mission civilisatrice qui s’imposera au XIX e  siècle : gouverner les Indiens selon leurs propres lois mieux qu’eux-mêmes ne sont capables de le faire. À travers l’analyse d’une affaire cruciale pour l’histoire du système judiciaire impérial, l’affaire de Patna, cet article met en évidence la faillite du dispositif mis en place par la puissance coloniale pour faire contrôler par des juges anglais l’administration du droit musulman dans les tribunaux du Bengale. Ce faisant, l’enjeu n’est pas seulement d’illustrer les difficultés auxquelles se heurte le mode d’exercice du pouvoir privilégié par les Britanniques, la supervision , dans un empire où coexistent plusieurs formes de droit hétérogènes. Il est également d’esquisser à partir des formes de réflexivité déployées en situation par les administrateurs coloniaux une généalogie de l’orientalisme, en montrant comment et pourquoi un savoir capable d’objectiver les systèmes juridiques propres aux peuples colonisés dans leur différence avec celui des colonisateurs est devenu nécessaire à l’exercice de la gouvernementalité impériale.
Les défis de l’approvisionnement alimentaire : acteurs, lieux et liens
Authors: Janin Pierre
Published: February 2019

Dans un monde d’instabilités et d’inégalités croissantes, l’approvisionnement alimentaire apparaît comme un défi permanent pour les gouvernants et pour les sociétés. Au-delà de ses modalités pratiques d’organisation, il renvoie à deux enjeux fondamentaux : celui de la maîtrise stratégique des flux et celui des liens géographiques et sociaux au sein des systèmes d’approvisionnement. Cet article introductif insiste sur les complémentarités des approches couramment mobilisées pour aborder cette question, récemment peu étudiée. En associant, de manière étroite, le champ des ressources et des pouvoirs, il rappelle combien la fourniture de denrées n’est pas seulement une question technique de prix, de volumes et de flux, mais dépend in fine des relations établies entre différents types d’acteurs : États, entreprises, collectivités, réseaux marchands… On constate que, dans certains contextes autoritaires (pays du Golfe, Amérique latine), la présence de l’État-organisateur reste incontournable, tandis que, hors crise (Afrique subsaharienne), une plus large place est laissée à des dynamiques plus informelles.
La performance de la chaîne de commercialisation des feuilles de manioc à Kinshasa et dans son hinterland
Authors: Bonkena Bokombola Papy , Mpanzu Balomba Patience
Published: February 2019

Cet article analyse la chaîne d’approvisionnement et de commercialisation des feuilles de manioc à Kinshasa alors que la plupart des travaux s’attachent à analyser les autres chaînes de valeur du manioc. Pour ce faire, une étude empirique a été réalisée auprès des acteurs directs et indirects situés aux différents niveaux de la chaîne de valeur des feuilles de manioc. Les résultats obtenus indiquent que les activités de production et de commercialisation de feuilles sont rentables dans les conditions actuelles de la zone d’étude, car toutes les charges supportées sont intégralement couvertes par les recettes, avec une marge bénéficiaire appréciable, et ce, quelles que soient les variétés de feuilles de manioc, la période de vente ou la zone de vente. Toutefois, la transformation est l’activité qui crée le plus de valeur et, par conséquent, les transformateurs sont ceux qui en prennent la plus grande part.
Abu Dhabi au défi de la sécurité alimentaire
Authors: Calais Damien
Published: February 2019

Abu Dhabi, l’État le plus puissant des Émirats arabes unis, a connu un fort développement économique et humain. Cependant, l’approvisionnement alimentaire de sa population, largement urbaine et immigrée, reste fragile. Souverain de 1966 à 2004, Cheikh Zayed mit en œuvre une stratégie d’accroissement de la production nationale et des importations visant à gagner la loyauté des différentes couches d’une société très hiérarchisée. Ses successeurs transformèrent le système d’approvisionnement en encourageant les investissements directs étrangers (IDE) de sociétés abu-dhabiennes dans le foncier agricole et en promouvant de nouvelles pratiques sur le territoire de l’émirat, pour répondre à des défis sociaux, environnementaux et économiques. Le bilan de ce système réformé est mitigé en termes de sécurité alimentaire et de développement durable.
Social Participation in Political Spaces and the Valuing of Culture as Empowering Resources to Promote Access to Quality Food in Brazil
Authors: Fernandes da Luz Lidiane , S. Maluf Renato
Published: February 2019

The locality of Juazeiro and other regions in the interior of Brazil have undergone profound transformations in recent years in relation to food production, distribution, and consumption. New consumer demands and new offers from increasingly complex food supply chains have brought dynamic interaction between different food systems to these localities. Through the analysis of political spaces where social actors engage in local food politics, conflicts, power relations, synergies, and hybridization can be observed, resulting from the interaction of food systems and influencing the population’s access to quality food. We argue that social participation in political spaces and the valuing of culture, which are features of a local food movement that has emerged at the intersection of distinct food systems, are the main empowering resources to promote access to quality food in the locality of Juazeiro.
La contribution de l’agriculture urbaine à l’approvisionnement alimentaire de La Havane
Authors: Mestiri Riadh
Published: February 2019

L’isolement commercial de Cuba durant les cinquante dernières années a favorisé l’essor de l’agriculture urbaine pour l’approvisionnement alimentaire. Par l’étude des politiques publiques et la caractérisation du système agraire de La Havane, ce travail analyse la stratégie mise en place afin de subvenir aux besoins alimentaires de la population en temps de crise. Il ressort que le développement de l’agriculture urbaine a été favorisé par l’engagement de l’État à travers une politique de distribution des terres et de coopérativisme. Renforcée par l’innovation agronomique des organopónicos et l’ouverture des marchés de proximité à ces produits, l’agriculture urbaine a intégré l’aménagement urbain et s’est construite sous la forme d’un système stabilisé. Néanmoins, ce système reste très lié à la situation politique de l’île et vulnérable aux crises. Du fait de l’absence de partage dans les prises de décision, le système peine structurellement à anticiper les changements.
Controlling fungal growth in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds with γ-irradiation: impacts on some properties of sesame oil
Authors: Hassan A. B. , Mohamed Ahmed I. A. , Sir Elkhatim K. A. , Elagib R. A.A. , Mahmoud N. S. , Mohamed M. M. , Salih A. M. , Fadimu G.
Published: February 2019

This study investigated the free fatty acids, fatty acid profile, total phenolics, and antioxidant activity of sesame seed oil extracted from γ-irradiated seeds and the decontamination effects of the treatment on fungal incidence in the seeds. Gamma irradiation reduced (P ≤ 0.05) fungal growth and colony forming units of sesame seeds in a dose-dependent manner. The free fatty acid content of sesame oil decreased (P ≤ 0.05) in irradiated samples compared to non-radiated controls, but there was no difference (P ≥ 0.05) between samples treated at doses ≥ 1.0 kGy. A concomitant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in total phenolic and scavenging activity was observed in the oil extracted from γ-irradiated sesame seeds in comparison with non-radiated samples, while free fatty acid (FFA) content decreased. The results obtained in the present study demonstrate that γ-irradiation at low doses can be used as an effective post-harvest preservation method for sesame seeds without a major effect on the quality of sesame oil.
Comparative Study of Two Different Converters with its Controller for Grid Connected WECS with PMSG
Authors: Behera Sasmita , Jyotiranjan Matruprasad
Published: February 2019

Wind is a source for generating clean and economical electrical energy with a proper harnessing mechanism. For a wind energy conversion system (WECS), maximum power extraction with optimum power quality is required. In this article, the grid power quality is enhanced, using a multilevel inverter which provides smoother and pure sinusoidal waves as compared to two-level inverter by decreasing total harmonic distortion (THD) in WECS with a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). Also, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is based on an optimal torque controller, employed to extract more power. In this study, a WECS with a PMSG connected to the local linear resistive load and grid is considered for simulation. A multilevel inverter grid interface is controlled by in phase disposition pulse width modulation (IPD – PWM). The multilevel inverter with MPPT has been acknowledged as superior to a normal two-level inverter without MPPT Controller. Simulation results as observed for fixed and variable wind speed including MPPT demonstrate benefits of the proposed method.
Optimal Site Selection for Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant in North Eastern State of India using Hybrid MCDM Tools
Authors: Deogam Nitish , Shabbiruddin
Published: February 2019

As society develops, the demand for energy also increases. Most of world's energy requirements are fulfilled using fossil fuels or other types of non-renewable resources, which are polluting the environment, but also depleting. For this reason, the Government of India and the Government of Sikkim (North Eastern State of India) are working on policies to promote investment in solar photovoltaic (PV) plants and has plans to use it to meet the growing energy demand without causing damage to the environment. To make the best use of solar PV cells on commercial scale, it is necessary to know how to optimize the output of the PV power plant, and the most important factor is the selection of the land or the area on which the PV power plant is to be set up. There are multiple factors one must take into consideration for better output. In this study, focus has been put on geographical and meteorological factors that affect the output of the PV cells. Multi criteria decision making (MCDM) techniques have been used for selection of best site for PV power plant.
A Comparison of Haptic Sketching and Digital Sketching
Authors: Page Tom
Published: February 2019

This article compares and contrasts the use of haptic and digital sketching in the design process. It investigates the preferred sketching method of final year design students. In addition, it examines the relationship between effective communication and the use of haptic and digital sketching. A case study involving ten final year students studying product design courses at Nottingham Trent University was undertaken. The text explores the current literature and identifies the benefits of using the two methods. The inclusion of digital sketching tutorials in the undergraduate curriculum is discussed as well as the option of replacing haptic with digital sketching. The study concludes that while a wider survey with students from other design courses would be useful, the results provide strong evidence that final year students currently prefer haptic to digital sketching as an essential part of the design process.
Experimental Investigations on Wear Behavior of AA20204-Flyash-Nanostructured Redmud Hybrid Composites Synthesized by Stircasting
Authors: Madugula Anitha Santhoshi , Krishna B. Murali , Swaminaidu G.
Published: February 2019

Red mud emerges as the major waste material during the production of alumina from bauxite and its potential as a filler material in metal matrices has not yet been reported. In view of this, an attempt is made to explore the possibility of making a class of wear resistant metal matrix hybrid composites with nano-structured red mud and micro sized fly ash particles as reinforcement. The micro-sized red mud particles have been modified to nano-structured red mud using high energy ball milling and after 30 hours of milling, the size was reduced from 100 microns to 30 nm. Composites were fabricated by stir casting and experiments were conducted under laboratory condition to assess the wear characteristics of AA2024- 15 wt% fly ash (micro-sized) and varying fractions (2 wt%, 4 wt% and 6 wt%) red mud (nano-structured) hybrid composites under different working conditions in pure sliding mode on a pin-on-disc machine. Tests were conducted with sliding speeds of 200 rpm, 400 rpm and 600 rpm at loads of 10N, 20N and 30N. The increased frictional thrust at higher load results in increased de-bonding and caused easy removal of material and hence the wear rate is increased with increase in normal load. The wear resistance of the composite is increased with increase in red mud fraction. This is due to the increase in surface energy and inter-atomic bonding with increase in nano-structured red mud fraction. The addition of redmud particles to the matrix phase causes dispersion strengthening and hence the strength as well. Wear resistance is increased with increase in redmud fraction.
Synthesis and Erosion Wear Analysis of Short Bamboo Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites Filled with Ceramic Fillers
Authors: Gupta Anu
Published: February 2019

Hybrid natural fiber reinforced composites with ceramic fillers has been fabricated. Two ceramic fillers (Alumina and Silicon Carbide) have been used for the synthesis of composites and the samples have been fabricated with hand layup technique. 10% and 20% weight percentage of filler materials have been used for the different sets of composite samples. Erosion wear analysis of these composite samples has been carried out at different impingement angles (30,45,60,75, and 90) with varying impact velocities (48 m/s, 70 m/s, 82 m/s, and 109 m/s) and with varying erodent size (108, 125,150, 180µm). Results for the composites with and without filler have been compared. It has been observed that composites filled with particulate filler shows improvement in wear resistance properties as compared to composites without filler. Among the two fillers, Al2O3 has shown better resistance as compared to silicon carbide. A scanning electron microscope has been used to study the morphology of eroded surfaces and the mode of material removal.
A Novel Approach of Load Balancing and Task Scheduling Using Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm
Authors: A. Selvakumar , Gunasekaran G.
Published: February 2019

Cloud computing is a model for conveying data innovation benefits in which assets are recovered from the web through online devices and applications, instead of an immediate association with a server. Clients can set up and boot the required assets and they need to pay just for the required assets. Subsequently, later on giving a component to a productive asset administration and the task will be a vital target of Cloud computing. Load balancing is one of the major concerns in cloud computing, and the main purpose of it is to satisfy the requirements of users by distributing the load evenly among all servers in the cloud to maximize the utilization of resources, to increase throughput, provide good response time and to reduce energy consumption. To optimize resource allocation and ensure the quality of service, this article proposes a novel approach for load-balancing based on the enhanced ant colony optimization.
Awareness of the Space Industry as a Career Opportunity in South Africa
Authors: Zuma Khanya Philani , Mason Roger B. , Maharaj Mandusha
Published: February 2019

The South African space industry is not seen by young learners as a potential career. The objectives of this study were to identify: high school students' awareness of the industry, their perceptions of employment opportunities, and their knowledge of the industry's educational requirements. A quantitative, descriptive survey with structured questionnaires was administered to 171 respondents. Purposive and quota sampling selected grade 10-11 students in rural, urban and suburban schools. Most respondents had some awareness of the industry, but had limited knowledge about career opportunities, especially in rural schools. Respondents were unclear about how and where to apply for space-related education. The space industry inadequately markets itself to students, so more outreach programs, sponsoring of science and technological projects, more scholarships, and encouragement of the Department of Higher Education to provide information about, and improve career guidance officers' knowledge of, the space industry are recommended.
Use of Catridecacog in a Patient with Severe Factor XIII Deficiency Undergoing Surgery
Authors: Sottilotta Gianluca , Luise Francesca , Oriana Vincenzo , Piromalli Angela , Santacroce Rosa , Di Lelio Alessandra
Published: February 2019

Despite many articles regarding the antihemorrhagic treatment and prophylaxis, there is a lack of experience about how to best conduct major surgical procedures in patients with congenital factor XIII (FXIII) deficiency. Here we report a case of surgery (right inguinal hernia, complicated by heaviness and pain) performed in a patient with FXIII deficiency, receiving recombinant FXIII prophylaxis (Catridecacog 35 UI/kg every 28 ± 2 days). Our experience shows that Catridecacog can be used safely and effectively not only for continued prophylaxis but also in surgery and adds to the very limited body of evidence currently available on surgery in this bleeding disorder.
On commensurability of right-angled Artin groups I: RAAGs defined by trees of diameter 4
Authors: Casals-Ruiz Montserrat , Kazachkov Ilya , Zakharov Alexander
Published: February 2019

In this paper we study the classification of right-angled Artin groups up to commensurability. We characterise the commensurability classes of RAAGs defined by trees of diameter 4. In particular, we prove a conjecture of Behrstock and Neumann that there are infinitely many commensurability classes of such RAAGs.
Zeros of optimal polynomial approximants: Jacobi matrices and Jentzsch-type theorems
Authors: Bénéteau Catherine , Khavinson Dmitry , Liaw Constanze , Seco Daniel , Simanek Brian
Published: February 2019

We study the structure of the zeros of optimal polynomial approximants to reciprocals of functions in Hilbert spaces of analytic functions in the unit disk. In many instances, we find the minimum possible modulus of occurring zeros via a nonlinear extremal problem associated with norms of Jacobi matrices. We examine global properties of these zeros and prove Jentzsch-type theorems describing where they accumulate. As a consequence, we obtain detailed information regarding zeros of reproducing kernels in weighted spaces of analytic functions.
Revisiting the Homoploid Hybrid Speciation Process of the Triatoma brasiliensis macromelasoma Galvão, 1956 (Hemiptera, Triatominae) Using Cytogenetic and Molecular Markers
Authors: Guerra Ana Letícia , Borsatto Kelly Cristine , Teixeira Nicolle Pagliusi Damiano , Madeira Fernanda Fernandez , de Oliveira Jader , da Rosa João Aristeu , Azeredo-Oliveira Maria Tercília Vilela , Alevi Kaio Cesar Chaboli
Published: February 2019

Triatomines are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease. Although the evolutionary process in triatomine is considered as disruptive, cryptic speciation and homoploid hybridization also are possible modes of speciation. Several analyses suggested Triatoma brasiliensis macromelasoma as a product of hybridization between T. brasiliensis and Triatoma juazeirensis. Thus, we analyzed genetic characteristics (chromosomal analysis, genetic distance for the mitochondrial ND1 gene, and the pattern of bands of internal transcribed spacer [ITS]-1) of these species, with emphasis on the phenomenon of homoploid hybridization. All species showed the same cytogenetic characteristics, low genetic distance for ND1 gene, and the same pattern of ITS-1 bands. We consider that these genetic characteristics, together with the large chromatic polymorphism and the viability of experimental crosses possibly are due to the processes of introgression that these species suffered during the process of homoploid hybridization.
Indigenous Plasmodium malariae Infection in an Endemic Population at the Thai–Myanmar Border
Authors: Yorsaeng Ritthideach , Saeseu Teerawat , Chotivanich Kesinee , Felger Ingrid , Wampfler Rahel , Cui Liwang , Mueller Ivo , Sattabongkot Jetsumon , Nguitragool Wang
Published: February 2019

Plasmodium malariae is a neglected malaria parasite. It has wide geographic distribution and, although often associated with mild malaria, is linked to a high burden of anemia and nephrotic syndromes. Here, we report a cohort study conducted in the Kanchanaburi Province of Thailand during May 2013–June 2014 in which P. malariae infection was detected. Of the 812 study participants, two were found to be infected with P. malariae. One had an infection that led to acute malaria, but the other was positive for P. malariae at multiple visits during the study and apparently had chronic asymptomatic infection. Such persistent infection may explain how P. malariae has been able to thrive at very low prevalence and represents a challenge for malaria elimination.
A Study of Burkholderia pseudomallei in the Environment of Farms in Thanlyin and Hmawbi Townships, Myanmar
Authors: Win Mo Mo , Hla Thaung , Phyu Khin Phyu , Aung Wah Wah , Nyein Win Kyi Kyi , Aye Su Nyein , Wah Thin Thin , Aye Khin Mar , Htwe Tin Tin , Htay May Than , San Kyaw Kyaw , Dance David Allan Brett
Published: February 2019

Melioidosis is a tropical infection, first described in Myanmar but now rarely diagnosed there, which is widespread in Southeast Asia. The infection is predominantly acquired by people and animals through contact with soil or water. This study aimed to detect the causative organism, Burkholderia pseudomallei, in environmental samples from farms in Thanlyin and Hmawbi townships near Yangon, Myanmar. One hundred and twenty soil samples and 12 water samples were collected and processed using standard microbiological methods. Burkholderia species were isolated from 50 of the 120 (42%) soil samples but none of the water samples. Arabinose assimilation was tested to differentiate between B. pseudomallei and the nonpathogenic Burkholderia thailandensis, and seven of 50 isolates (14%) were negative. These were all confirmed as B. pseudomallei by a species-specific multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This is the first study to detect environmental B. pseudomallei in Myanmar and confirms that melioidosis is still endemic in the Yangon area.
Contribution of Malaria to Inhospital Mortality in Papua New Guinean Children from a Malaria-Endemic Area: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Laman Moses , Aipit Susan , Bona Cathy , Aipit Jimmy , Davis Timothy M. E. , Manning Laurens
Published: February 2019

We aimed to identify clinical and laboratory predictors of mortality in children from a malaria-endemic area of Papua New Guinea hospitalized for severe illness. Children aged 0.5–10 years presenting with any WHO-defined feature of severe malarial illness were eligible for recruitment. Each child was assessed with a detailed clinical examination, blood film microscopy, malaria rapid diagnostic testing (RDT), a full blood examination, and blood glucose and lactate concentrations. Clinical care was coordinated by local medical staff in accordance with national guidelines. Daily study assessments were conducted until death or discharge. Other biochemical tests and malaria polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests were performed subsequently. Logistic regression identified independent predictors of death. Of 787 evaluable children with severe illness, 336 had confirmed severe malaria (microscopy and PCR positive) and 58 (6.6%) died during hospitalization. The independent predictors of mortality were hyperlactatemia (adjusted odds ratio [95% CI]: 2.85 [1.24–6.41], P = 0.01), malnutrition (2.92 [1.36–6.23], P = 0.005), renal impairment (3.85 [1.53–9.24], P = 0.002), plasma albumin (0.93 [0.88–0.98] for a 1 g/L increase, P = 0.004), and Blantyre coma score (BCS) ≤ 2 (10.3 [4.77–23.0] versus a normal BCS, P < 0.0001). Confirmed severe malaria (0.11 [0.03–0.30] versus non-malarial severe illness, P < 0.0001) was independently associated with lower mortality. Although established risk factors were evident, malaria was inversely associated with mortality. This highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis through blood film microscopy, RDTs, and, if available, PCR to both guide management and provide valid epidemiological data.
Case Report: Bartonella quintana Endocarditis Outside of the Europe–African Gradient: Comprehensive Review of Cases within North America
Authors: Lam John C. , Fonseca Kevin , Pabbaraju Kanti , Meatherall Bonnie L.
Published: February 2019

Clinical syndromes associated with Bartonella quintana infection can be insidious and difficult to diagnose for multiple reasons. Clinically, B. quintana can manifest as asymptomatic bacteremia or with subtle subacute constitutional symptoms. Second, it is a fastidious organism that is difficult to identify using traditional culture methods. Last, the body lice vector of B. quintana transmission is likely not uncommon in most patients affected, who are homeless and of low socioeconomic status. Therefore, barriers in seeking medical care and financial constraints for medications are important considerations. The mainstay of literature surrounding B. quintana endocarditis is from Europe and the developing nations. Herein, we describe a case of native valve endocarditis secondary to B. quintana in a homeless male with preexisting valvular disease and undertake a comprehensive literature review of documented B. quintana endocarditis in North America.
Adaptação transcultural e validação do questionário “Measure of older adults sedentary time” em idosos brasileiros
Authors: Lopes Magno Fernanda Aparecida , Hélio Júnior Jairo , Lourenço Camilo Luis Monteiro , Pereira Kariny Rodrigues , Meneguci Joilson , Sasaki Jeffer Eidi , Virtuoso Júnior Jair Sindra
Published: February 2019

Modern lifestyle is associated with prolonged exposure to sedentary behavior (SB), especially in older adults; however, there is a lack of validated questionnaires to measure SB in Brazilian older adults. The aim of this study was to adapt and validate the Brazilian version of the “Measure of Older Adults Sedentary Time” (MOST) questionnaire in Brazilian older adults. Content validity, clarity and concurrent validity of the adapted MOST were examined. Fifty-seven participants (68.7 ± 3.47 years) answered the adapted version of the MOST questionnaire and wore an ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometer for seven days. After this period, participants answered the adapted MOST again and the accelerometer was collected. MOST answers were summed over for calculating self-reported time spent in SB. A cutoff point of < 100 counts/min was applied to accelerometer data for estimating time spent in SB. The relationship between SB estimates from MOST and accelerometer was verified by Pearson correlation, reproducibility was verified by intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), internal consistency by Cronbach’s alpha (α) and concordance by Bland Altman. Significance was set at P <0.05. Content validity index and clarity index were 100% and 98%, respectively. ICC was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.56-0.82) for total time in SB assessed with the MOST questionnaire. The correlation between SB estimates from MOST and accelerometer data was 0.37 (95% CI: 0.130.58). The adapted MOST systematically underestimated SB compared to accelerometer (measurement bias: -732.8 min/week [2087.6; -3553.2 min/wk]). The adapted MOST questionnaire presents adequate validity for assessing SB in the Brazilian older adults.
Índice de Massa Corporal como preditor de multimorbidade na população brasileira
Authors: Christofoletti Marina , Streb Anne Ribeiro , Del Duca Giovani Firpo
Published: February 2019

Overweight is a health risk indicator, but little is known about its influence on the chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD) multimorbidity. The aim of this study was to identify the predictive values   and sociodemographic factors associated with Body Mass Index (BMI) as a determinant of the occurrence of NCD multimorbidity in Brazilian men and women. Data from the “Surveillance of risk and protection factors for chronic diseases by telephone survey” - 2013 national survey were used. The population was composed of ≥18 year-old individuals and those living in house with a fixed telephone line in the 27 Brazilian’s capitals. The outcome variables were BMI and its respective predictive value for the occurrence of multimorbidity (≥2 NCDs). The exposure was age, marital status and educational level. Inferential statistics included the construction of Receiver Operating Characteristic curves (cutoff point defined by sensibility [Se] and specificity [Sp]) and the association by Poisson Regression, stratified by sex. The values with the best predictive capacity for multimorbidity were 26.7 kg/m² (Se = 60.9%, Sp = 60.2%) for men and 25.7 kg/m² (Se = 61.8%, Sp = 61.1%) for women. The predictive multimorbidity value followed the progress of age groups up to 55 to 64 years for both groups. Women with higher educational level showed an inverse association for the presence of the outcome. BMI can be considered a predictor of the occurrence of multimorbidity, and sociodemographic profile associated with this predictive value was advancement age and inversely associated with educational level in women.
No acute effect of whole-body vibration on Roundhouse kick and countermovement jump performance of competitive Taekwondo athletes
Authors: Oliveira Mariana Paulino , Cochrane Darryl , Drummond Marcos Daniel Motta , Albuquerque Maicon Rodrigues , Almeida Pedro Augusto Santos , Couto Bruno Pena
Published: February 2019

Little is known about the effect of whole body vibration (WBV) has on specific sports action such as taekwondo kicking technique.  Fifteen  individuals (10 males and 5 females; 18.6 ± 2.1 years), performed two experimental protocols on separate days: A) 1 minute exposure at 26 Hz frequency of WBV followed by countermovement jump (CMJ) test; B) 1 minute exposure at 26 Hz frequency of WBV followed by kick test. A Student’s t-Test analysis was performed to evaluate the difference between performance before and after vibration intervention. The CMJ height means (cm) were 34.1 ± 6.4 before and 34.2 ± 6.5 after WBV exposure. The CMJ maximal force means were 1582.6 ± 214.3 before WBV and 1595.7 ± 205.0 after WBV, while Impulse means (N.s) were 283.3 ± 48.6 before WBV and 282.6 ± 46.6 after WBV. The kick time means (ms) were 219.9±20.31 before WBV and 218.9±19.81 after WBV. No significant differences were found regarding the application of mechanical vibration for all variables. Thus, the vibration intervention (1 minute of WBV at 26 Hz and 6 mm) adopted in this present study may have not been substantial to improve Roundhouse kick time (p=0.73), jump height (p=0.80), maximal force (p=0.78) and impulse (p=0.38) of taekwondo athletes. Future studies should investigate new vibration protocols (amplitude, frequency) and training (intensity, exercise, duration) to determine optimal parameters.
Assessing the Prior Intercultural Experiences, Motivating Factors and Deterrents influencing 4-H Members’ Intention to Participate an International Experience Program
Authors: Cater Melissa , Bunch J. C. , Danjean Shelli
Published: February 2019

International experience programs (IEPs), such as International 4-H Youth Exchange (IFYE) and other programs employed by U.S Cooperative Extension Programs and international partners, can forge students’ development of a global perspective. The purpose of this study was to determine 4-H members’ prior intercultural experience, perceived motivating factors to participation in an IEP, perceived deterrents to participation in an IEP, and 4-H members’ intentions to participate in an IEP; and to explain 4-H members’ intention to participate in an IEP. Results of this study suggest that 4-H members’ intention to participate in an IEP is predicted by prior intercultural experiences. The effect of prior intercultural experiences is mediated by motivating factors, that is as motivating factors increase, intent increases while reducing the effect of prior intercultural experiences. A recommendation for practitioners to use to bridge the gap between 4-H members and other cultures is to provide varied intercultural experiences in or near the youths’ own community.
The measurement of atmospheric CO2 at KMA GAW regional stations, its characteristics, and comparisons with other East Asian sites
Authors: Lee Haeyoung , Han Sang-Ok , Ryoo Sang-Boom , Lee Jeong-Soon , Lee Gang-Woong
Published: February 2019

Abstract. To understand the carbon cycle at policy-relevant spatial scales, a high
density of high-quality CO2 measurement sites is needed. In 2012, the
Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) installed CO2 monitoring
systems at Anmyeondo (AMY) in the west, Jejudo Gosan Suwolbong (JGS) in the
southwest, and Ulleungdo (ULD) in the east of South Korea. Three stations were instrumented
with identical greenhouse gas measurement systems based on cavity ring-down
spectroscopy (CRDS) and a new drying system developed by KMA and the Korea
Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS). This drying system is
suitable in humid areas; water vapor measured using CRDS in ambient air
was 0.001 % to 0.004 % across the stations. Measurement uncertainties
expressed by the quadrature sum of the uncertainties from the drying system,
scale propagations, repeatability, and reproducibility were ∼0.11 ppm from all KMA stations in the 68 % confidence interval. Average monthly
CO2 enhancements above the local background at each station were 4.3±3.3 ppm at AMY, 1.7±1.3 ppm at JGS, and 1±1.9 ppm
(1σ) at ULD, respectively, during 2012 to 2016. At AMY station,
located between China and South Korea, CO2 annual means and seasonal
variations are also greater than the other KMA stations, indicating that it is
affected not only by local vegetation, but also added anthropogenic sources.
Selected baseline CO2 at AMY and at JGS in the west of South Korea is
more sensitive to East Asia (e.g., China) according to wind direction and speed. Through
the comparison of long-term trends and growth rates at AMY with other East
Asian stations over 15 years, it was suggested that they could be affected not only by local vegetation but also by measurement quality.
Large-scale Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone Formation Associated with the ITCZ Breakdown
Authors: Kieu Chanh , Wang Quan , Vu The-Anh
Published: February 2019

Abstract. This study examines the formation of tropical cyclones (TC) from the large-scale perspective. Using the nonlinear dynamical transition framework recently developed by Ma and Wang, it is shown that the large-scale formation of TCs can be understood as a result of the Principle of Exchange of Stabilities in the barotropic model for the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Analyses of the transition dynamics at the critical point reveal that the maximum number of TC disturbances that the Earth's tropical atmosphere can support at any instant of time has an upper bound, which is ∼ 12 for the current atmospheric condition. Additional numerical estimation of the transition structure on the central manifold of the ITCZ model confirms this important finding, which offers an explanation for a fundamental question of why the Earth's atmosphere can support a limited number of TCs globally each year.
Similarities within a multi-model ensemble: functional data analysis framework
Authors: Holtanová Eva , Mendlik Thomas , Koláček Jan , Horová Ivanka , Mikšovský Jiří
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Despite the abundance of available global climate model (GCM) and regional
climate model (RCM) outputs, their use for evaluation of past and future climate
change is often complicated by substantial differences between individual
simulations and the resulting uncertainties. In this study, we present a
methodological framework for the analysis of multi-model ensembles based on
a functional data analysis approach. A set of two metrics that generalize the
concept of similarity based on the behavior of entire simulated climatic
time series, encompassing both past and future periods, is introduced. To our knowledge, our method is the first to quantitatively assess
similarities between model simulations based on the temporal evolution of
simulated values. To evaluate mutual distances of the time series, we used
two semimetrics based on Euclidean distances between the simulated
trajectories and based on differences in their first derivatives. Further, we
introduce an innovative way of visualizing climate model similarities based
on a network spatialization algorithm. Using the layout graphs, the data are
ordered on a two-dimensional plane which enables an unambiguous interpretation
of the results. The method is demonstrated using two illustrative cases of
air temperature over the British Isles (BI) and precipitation in central Europe,
simulated by an ensemble of EURO-CORDEX RCMs and their
driving GCMs over the 1971–2098 period. In addition to the
sample results, interpretational aspects of the applied methodology and its
possible extensions are also discussed.
CALIOPE-Urban v1.0: Coupling R-LINE with a mesoscale air
quality modelling system for urban air quality forecasts over
Barcelona city (Spain)
Authors: Benavides Jaime , Snyder Michelle , Guevara Marc , Soret Albert , Pérez García-Pando Carlos , Amato Fulvio , Querol Xavier , Jorba Oriol
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The NO2 annual air quality limit value is systematically exceeded in many European cities. In this context, understanding human exposure, improving policy and planning, and providing forecasts requires the development of accurate air quality models at urban (street–level) scale. We describe CALIOPE-Urban, a system coupling CALIOPE – an operational mesoscale air quality forecast system based on HERMES (emissions), WRF (meteorology) and CMAQ (chemistry) models – with the urban roadway dispersion model R-LINE. Our developments have focused on Barcelona city (Spain), but the methodology may be replicated for other cities in the future. WRF drives pollutant dispersion and CMAQ provides background concentrations to R-LINE. Key features of our system include the adaptation of R-LINE to street canyons, the use of a new methodology that considers upwind grid cells in CMAQ to avoid double counting traffic emissions, a new method to estimate local surface roughness within street canyons, and a vertical mixing parametrization that considers urban geometry and atmospheric stability to calculate surface level background concentrations. We show that the latter is critical to correct the nighttime overestimations in our system. Both CALIOPE and CALIOPE-Urban are evaluated using two sets of observations. The temporal variability is evaluated against measurements from five traffic sites and one urban background site for April–May 2013. While both systems show a fairly good agreement at the urban background site, CALIOPE-Urban shows a better agreement in traffic sites. The spatial variability is evaluated using 182 passive dosimeters that were distributed across Barcelona during two weeks for February–March 2017. In this case, also the coupled system shows a more realistic distribution than the mesoscale system, which systematically underpredicts NO2 close to traffic emission sources. Overall CALIOPE-Urban improves mesoscale model results, demonstrating that the combination of both scales provides a more realistic representation of NO2 spatio-temporal variability in Barcelona.
Error analysis of the numerical solution of the Benjamin-Bona-Mahony-Burgers equation
Authors: Zarebnia M. , Parvaz R.
Published: February 2019

In this paper, the B-spline collocation scheme is implemented to find numerical solution of the nonlinear Benjamin-Bona-Mahony-Burgers equation. The method is based on collocation of quintic B-spline. We show that the method is unconditionally stable. Also the convergence of the method is proved. The method is applied on some test examples, and the numerical results have been compared with the analytical solutions. The $L_\infty$ and $L_2$ in the solutions show the efficiency of the method computationally.
Stabilities and non-stabilities of reciprocal-nonic and reciprocal-decic functional equations
Authors: Bodaghi Abasalt , Senthil Kumar Beri Venkatachalapathy , Rassias John Michael
Published: February 2019

This paper focuses at the various stability results of  reciprocal-nonic and reciprocal-decic functional equations in non-Archimedean fields and illustrations of proper examples for their non-stabilities.
An Analysis of Insectivory in Cross River Gorillas (Gorilla gorilla diehli) in the Tofala Hill Wildlife Sanctuary, Cameroon
Authors: Atem Efuetlancha T. , Martin Tchamba N. , Allen Enowkewan T. , Nkemnyi Mbunya F.
Published: February 2019

Gorillas have a wide range of food items in their diet; fruits, leaves, shoot, roots, piths, and insects hence are considered as generalists (Caldecott & Ferris, 2005; Inskipp, 2005). There exists some wide dietary flexibility between gorilla species (western and eastern gorillas). The main focus of the study was investigating on Cross River gorilla (CRG) insectivory and its influence on habitat range suitability at the Tofala Hill Wildlife Sanctuary (THWS). This was based on the hypothesis that insectivory is a determinant to habitat suitability in Cross River gorillas. Reconnaissance survey conducted resulted to 115 gorilla signs recorded amongst which were 19 gorilla dung samples. CRG habitat was characterized by indirect signs recorded within various vegetation type, canopy cover, slope and elevation. This was in order to understand and relate habitat range and food availability. Insect food availability was assessed based on the number of insect/ant mount recorded along CRG trails. Data analysis included Kolmogorov sminorv normality test and non-parametric Spearman’s Rho correlation test to measure relationships between variables and Kruskal-Wallis test to compare groups for significant difference. Cross tabulations were accompanied with Cramers’ V-test in order to measure the level of association between 2 categorical variables most especially in cases where they were nominal. Statistical observations were discussed at the 95% Confidence Level (Alpha=0.05). Fecal analysis revealed insect foods amongst fruits (Afromomum sp., Musa sp., Marantacae sp. etc.), and leaves in THWS CRG. Results showed that insect consumption seemed to decrease with increased altitude. The weak and negative relation in number of insect parts and altitude range permits that the hypothesis of this study be accepted. Concurrently, abundance of insect parts in feces was not necessarily dependent on altitude but dependent on age, hence adopting the hypothesis that insectivory is a determinant to habitat suitability in Cross River gorillas. This study is the very first confirmation that CRGs feed on insects; Dorylus ant and Macrotermes sp. and Cubitermes sp.
PERCEPÇÃO DA POPULAÇÃO QUANTO A ARBORIZAÇÃO COM Mangifera indica L. (MANGUEIRA) NAS RUAS DE BELÉM - PA
Authors: Silva Dâmaris Araújo , Batista Daniela Biondi , Batista Antônio Carlos
Published: February 2019

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a percepção dos moradores do Distrito Administrativo de Belém (DABEL) em relação à arborização viária com Mangifera indica. A metodologia consistiu na aplicação de entrevistas aos moradores do DABEL a fim de avaliar o grau de satisfação quanto à arborização com Mangifera indica e o nível de envolvimento na manutenção dessa espécie pelos mesmos. Foram entrevistadas 304 pessoas no DABEL, sendo que 54% são do gênero feminino; 51% possui nível superior; 87% dos entrevistados preferem a Mangifera indica na arborização viária; 42% salientaram todos os principais benefícios proporcionados pela Mangifera indica; 70% dos entrevistados perceberam danos relacionados à injúria no caule e danos às raízes; 22% colaboram com a manutenção das m; 53% das pessoas sugeriram a prática de poda nas árvores. Quanto ao reconhecimento como "Cidade das mangueiras", 74% dos entrevistados acreditam que esse título é válido. Recomenda-se desenvolver uma maior sensibilização da população buscando o comprometimento da mesma, visando uma melhor qualidade de vida e a preservação da Mangifera indica.
ANÁLISE QUALI-QUANTITATIVA DA ARBORIZAÇÃO DE RUAS DO MUNICÍPIO DE GODOY MOREIRA - PR
Authors: Miranda Yara Campos , Machado Mariana , Silva Lorene Dos Santos , Estevam Renata , Martins Neto Francisco Ferreira , Caxambu Marcelo Galeazzi
Published: February 2019

Arborização urbana pode ser considerada como fator determinante de salubridade ambiental, sendo constituída por toda cobertura vegetal de porte arbóreo existente nas cidades. A importância do planejamento correto evita plantios irregulares, obstrução da viabilidade urbana e, principalmente, a introdução de espécies exóticas e invasoras. Em muitos casos esse planejamento arbóreo é ausente, ocasionando problemas ao longo dos anos nas espécies plantadas. O trabalho teve como finalidade avaliar a arborização de acompanhamento viário de Godoy Moreira-PR. As coletas de material botânico foram conduzidas de acordo com as técnicas usuais em levantamentos florísticos e a identificação ocorreu no Herbário da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná Campus Campo Mourão (HCF). Adicionalmente, as espécies foram classificadas como nativas, exóticas e exóticas invasoras, sendo estas últimas estabelecidas com base na legislação Paranaense. Foram encontrados 649 indivíduos, distribuídos em 27 famílias botânicas e 47 espécies, sendo 24% nativas e 76% exóticas. As maiores frequências apresentadas foram em Poincianella pluviosa com 28,96%, Terminalia catappa 16,46% e Licania tomentosa 10,76%, representando 56% da arborização urbana do Município. Estas espécies são conflitantes com a urbe, pois causam danos ao calçamento e a rede elétrica, além de produzirem grande quantidade de biomassa, o que está em desacordo com a norma de acessibilidade urbana.
MODALIDADES DE PODA AVALIADAS NA ARBORIZAÇÃO VIÁRIA SOB REDE ELÉTRICA NO ESTADO DE MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Oliveira Altamir Fernandes , Alves Pereira José Aldo , Pereira Gabriel Assis , Coelho Silvério José , Pereira Neves Cinara Libéria , Rezende Samuel Wanderley , Garcia Fernando Henrique Silva
Published: February 2019

O manejo de árvores em áreas urbanas é uma atividade complexa, em que os vários elementos da cidade devem ser levados em consideração. A compatibilidade das árvores com a rede elétrica é um dos grandes desafios dos gestores públicos e os serviços de poda são os mais onerosos na manutenção dos indivíduos arbóreos. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo, o diagnóstico das modalidades de podas empregadas no estado de Minas Gerais, bem como as causas dessa prática. Para isso, foram amostrados 80 circuitos elétricos em 35 cidades. Foram identificados 1.643 indivíduos arbóreos, classificados em 41 famílias e 130 espécies, sendo 54 exóticas (11 de pequeno porte, 14 de médio porte e 28 de grande porte) e 76 nativas (sete de pequeno porte, dez de médio porte e 58 de grande porte). Percebeu-se que mais da metade das árvores avaliadas (52,28%) foram podadas por causa de conflitos com a fiação, sendo as espécies Licania tomentosa (Benth.) Fritsch (oiti), Ligustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton (alfeneiro) e Poincianella pluviosa (DC.) L.P.Queiroz (sibipiruna) as mais frequentes. A espécie introduzida sob rede elétrica também influenciou na modalidade da poda empregada, como por exemplo, a poda "em V" foi característica da Poincianella pluviosa.