bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Inhibition of Oxidative Stress-Mediated Cell Apoptosis by the Caspase Inhibitor (S)-3-((S)-2-(6-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-2-yl)butanamido)-4-oxo-5-(2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenoxy)pentanoic Acid in Human Dermal Papilla Cells
Authors: Park Bomi , Kim Daeun , Lee Yurim , Choi Seihyun , Park HeeDong , Lee Sanghwa , Hwang Jaesung
Published: June 2024

Alopecia is traditionally viewed as androgen-dependent, but emerging evidence has implicated oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of hair loss. Current treatments for alopecia have limited efficacy, leading to the need for new therapies. Human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) play a pivotal role in hair follicle (HF) development and hair growth regulation. In this study, we investigated the potential of (S)-3-((S)-2-(6-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-2-yl)butanamido)-4-oxo-5-(2,3,5,6 tetrafluorophenoxy) pentanoic acid (THPA), a pan-caspase inhibitor, to reduce ROS-induced cellular damage and apoptosis in hDPCs. Our study revealed that THPA effectively suppressed hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis while also attenuating activated caspase signaling. Additionally, THPA restored the down-regulated expression of β-catenin, a key mediator of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, in hDPCs exposed to hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, significant alterations in Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signaling were observed following THPA treatment. Notably, THPA treatment led to a reduction in the expression of Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1), an inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway implicated in hair follicle regression. Moreover, THPA treatment decreased the expression of the cell senescence markers p21 and p16, suggesting a potential role in preserving hDPC function and delaying hair follicle regression. Collectively, our findings highlight the therapeutic potential of THPA in preventing hair loss by protecting hDPCs against oxidative stress damage.
Tuning the Superspin Dynamics in Inverse Spinel Ferrite Nanoparticle Ensembles via Indirect Cation Substitution
Authors: Botez Cristian E. , Price Alex D.
Published: June 2024

We used magnetic and synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements to investigate the possibility of tuning the strength of magnetic interparticle interactions in nanoparticle ensembles via chemical manipulation. Our main result comes from temperature-resolved in-phase ac-susceptibility data collected on 8 nm average-diameter Ni0.25Zn0.75Fe2O4 (Ni25) and Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 (Ni50) nanoparticles at different frequencies, χ′ vs. T|f. We found that the relative peak temperature variation per frequency decade, ϕ=∆TT·∆log(f)—a known measure of interparticle interaction strength—exhibits a four-fold increase, from ϕ = 0.04 in Ni50 to ϕ = 0.16 in Ni25. This corresponds to a fundamental change in the nanoparticles’ superspin dynamics, as proven by the fit of phenomenological models to magnetic relaxation data. Indeed, the Ni25 ensemble exhibits superparamagnetic behavior, where the temperature dependence of the superspin relaxation time, τ, is described in the Dorman–Bessais–Fiorani (DBF) model: τT=τrexp⁡EB+EadkBT,  with parameters τr = 4 × 10−12 s, and (EB + Ead)/kB = 1473 K. On the other hand, the nanoparticles in the Ni50 ensemble freeze collectively upon cooling in a spin-glass fashion according to a critical dynamics law: τ(T)=τ0TTg−1zν, with τ0 = 4 × 10−8 s, Tg = 145 K, and zν = 7.2. Rietveld refinements against powder X-ray diffraction data reveal the structural details that underlie the observed magnetic behavior: an indirect cation replacement mechanism by which non-magnetic Zn ions are incorporated in the tetrahedral sites of the inverse spinel.
Mapping EU Member States’ Quality of Life during COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis
Authors: Dermatis Zacharias , Kalligosfyris Charalampos , Kalamara Eleni , Anastasiou Athanasios
Published: June 2024

This study proposes an integrated methodology for the assessment and mapping of quality of life (QoL) among European Union member states in the period before and after the pandemic crisis of COVID-19. The assessment of quality of life was based on the development of composite criteria and Geographical Information Systems or GIS technology, using variables that assess quality of life. The composite criteria relate to the socioeconomic environment, employment conditions, economic conditions and health services. Each criterion was evaluated by a set of variables, and each variable was weighted based on relevant research by Greek experts. Criteria were also weighted and combined to assess overall quality of life. The methodology was applied in 27 EU member countries, and mapping led to the identification of countries with low and high quality of life. The results showed a change in the level of overall quality of life in the EU countries before and after the pandemic period, although on a limited scale, since there is a slight reclassification of the countries’ positions. The analysis also revealed the highest level of quality of life in four EU countries [Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands and Luxembourg] that show an increased GDP per capita, combining a low level of arrears and a low level of inability to make ends meet, whereas four countries showed the lowest level of quality of life [Greece, Bulgaria, Romania and Croatia] in both periods.
Future (2020–2099) Carbon and Water Dynamics of Lehigh Valley Based on Land Use and Land Cover Change
Authors: Felzer Benjamin S. , Andrade Christopher
Published: June 2024

Increased urbanization has reduced the amount of green space, resulting in a reduced carbon sink potential across urban landscapes. Through the use of biogeochemical modeling, different land use scenarios have been developed and run for the future (2020–2099) to compare and quantify the potential for change in carbon and water dynamics by having more tree cover and reducing impervious surfaces or turf lawns in Lehigh Valley, PA. These results show that the effect of deforestation is larger than the effect of reforestation. Due to young-stand age trees having a lower capacity for carbon storage than mature trees, the loss of the mature trees has a more immediate impact. The conversion of lawns or impervious surfaces to forests has somewhat similar effects, although the higher nutrients of lawns allow the forest to grow better. However, replacing impervious surfaces with trees reduces runoff more. This study shows that within the city of Bethlehem, the most socially vulnerable area benefits the most from increasing the number of trees. When converting 25% of the impervious area to forest, South Bethlehem significantly increased its vegetation carbon, productivity, and carbon storage, reduced its runoff, and generally created a safer and cleaner environment for residents.
Effects of Emulsifiers on Physicochemical Properties and Carotenoids Bioaccessibility of Sea Buckthorn Juice
Authors: Abliz Arzigül , Huang Yanan , Rouzi Reziwanguli , Xu Duoxia , Gao Yanxiang , Liu Jinfang
Published: June 2024

The need to improve the physicochemical properties of sea buckthorn juice and the bioavailability of carotenoids is a major challenge for the field. The effects of different natural emulsifiers, such as medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), tea saponins (TSs) and rhamnolipids (Rha), on the physical and chemical indexes of sea buckthorn juice were studied. The particle size of sea buckthorn juice and the carotenoids content were used as indicators for evaluation. The effects of different addition levels of MCT, Rha and TS on the bioavailability of carotenoids in sea buckthorn juice were investigated by simulating human in vitro digestion tests. The results showed that those emulsifiers, MCT, Rha and TS, can significantly reduce the particle size and particle size distribution of sea buckthorn juice, improve the color, increase the soluble solids content, turbidity and physical stability and protect the carotenoids from degradation. When the addition amount of Rha was 1.5%, the total carotenoids content (TCC) of sea buckthorn juice increased by 45.20%; when the addition amount of TS was 1.5%, the total carotenoids content (TCC) of sea buckthorn juice increased by 37.95%. Furthermore, the bioaccessibility of carotenoids was increased from 36.90 ± 2.57% to 54.23 ± 4.17% and 61.51 ± 4.65% through in vitro digestion by Rha and TS addition, respectively. However, the total carotenoids content (TCC) of sea buckthorn juice and bioaccessibility were not significantly different with the addition of MCT. In conclusion, the findings of this study demonstrate the potential of natural emulsifiers, such as MCT, Rha and TS, to significantly enhance the physicochemical properties and bioavailability of carotenoids in sea buckthorn juice, offering promising opportunities for the development of functional beverages with improved nutritional benefits.
Proteins from Legumes, Cereals, and Pseudo-Cereals: Composition, Modification, Bioactivities, and Applications
Authors: Zhang Wenxue , Boateng Isaac Duah , Xu Jinsheng , Zhang Yi
Published: June 2024

This review presents a comprehensive analysis of plant-based proteins from soybeans, pulses, cereals, and pseudo-cereals by examining their structural properties, modification techniques, bioactivities, and applicability in food systems. It addresses the critical need for a proper utilization strategy of proteins from various plant sources amidst the rising environmental footprint of animal protein production. The inherent composition diversity among plant proteins, their nutritional profiles, digestibility, environmental impacts, and consumer acceptance are compared. The innovative modification techniques to enhance the functional properties of plant proteins are also discussed. The review also investigates the bioactive properties of plant proteins, including their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antitumoral activities, and their role in developing meat analogs, dairy alternatives, baked goods, and 3D-printed foods. It underscores the consideration parameters of using plant proteins as sustainable, nutritious, and functional ingredients and advocates for research to overcome sensory and functional challenges for improved consumer acceptance and marketability.
Effects of Physicochemical and Biological Treatment on Structure, Functional and Prebiotic Properties of Dietary Fiber from Corn Straw
Authors: Qin Yijie , Fan Xinyao , Gao Ya , Wang Ping , Chang Juan , Liu Chaoqi , Wang Lijun , Yin Qingqiang
Published: June 2024

Corn straw is one kind of agricultural by-product containing 70–80% insoluble dietary fiber (IDF). In order to develop corn straw dietary fiber, this study was conducted to increase soluble dietary fiber (SDF) yield and improve the structure, functional and prebiotic properties of IDF and SDF from corn straw treated by alkali oxidation treatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, microbial fermentation and the combination of these methods. The results demonstrated that the yield of SDF was significantly increased from 2.64% to 17.15% after corn straw was treated by alkali oxidation treatment + Aspergillus niger fermentation + cellulase hydrolysis, compared with untreated corn straw. The SDF extracted from corn straw treated by alkali oxidation treatment + Aspergillus niger fermentation + cellulase hydrolysis (F-SDF) exhibited a honeycomb structure, low crystallinity (11.97%), good antioxidant capacity and high capacities of water holding, water solubility and cholesterol absorption and promoted short-chain fatty acids production by chicken cecal microbial fermentation in vitro. F-SDF enhanced the antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus proliferations of Lactobacillus plantarum when it was used as a substrate for Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation. It could be concluded that the combined treatments could increase SDF yield from corn straw and improve its functional and prebiotic properties.
The Main Features and Microbiota Diversity of Fermented Camel Milk
Authors: Bilal Zauresh , Akhmetsadykova Shynar , Baubekova Almagul , Tormo Helene , Faye Bernard , Konuspayeva Gaukhar
Published: June 2024

Fermented camel milk, named shubat in Central Asia, is historically and culturally important because it is mainly consumed by Kazakh people who live not only in Kazakhstan but also in close neighboring countries. However, despite its cultural and dietetic significance for this local population, research on its composition and processing technology and the richness of its microflora is relatively scarce. The present review of this product, which is an important beverage in the Kazakh culture, provides up-to-date information regarding its main components and their variability according to different factors, surveys recent changes in the processing technologies for making it using modern techniques, and explores the biodiversity of its microflora. It was reported that the protein, vitamin C, and calcium contents in shubat vary between 1.19 and 5.63%, 28 and 417 mg L−1, and 1.03 and 1.88 g L−1. The lactose content totally disappears. Shubat contains a complex microbial consortium that contributes to its strong reputation for health benefits, but a scientific demonstration of these claims has only been partially achieved.
Effect of Specific Spoilage Organisms on the Degradation of ATP-Related Compounds in Vacuum-Packed Refrigerated Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea)
Authors: Chen Bohan , Yan Qi , Xu Tiansheng , Li Dapeng , Xie Jing
Published: June 2024

This study examined the spoilage potential of specific spoilage organisms on the degradation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-related compounds in vacuum-packed refrigerated large yellow croaker. The total viable count (TVC), ATP-related compounds and related enzymes of vacuum-packed refrigerated large yellow croaker inoculated with different bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens and Shewanella putrefaciens) were characterized using the spread plate method, high-performance liquid chromatography and assay kits, respectively. Results indicated that the TVC for both control and Shewanella putrefaciens groups reached spoilage levels at days 9 and 15, respectively. The changes of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and adenosine deaminase activity across all groups showed no significant difference attributable to microbial growth. The results suggested that ATP to inosine monophosphate (IMP) degradation primarily occurs via fish’s endogenous enzymes, with minimal microbial involvement. On day 12, the IMP content in fillets inoculated with Pseudomonas fluorescens (0.93 μmol/g) was half higher than in those inoculated with Shewanella putrefaciens (0.57 μmol/g). Both spoilage organisms facilitated IMP degradation, with Shewanella putrefaciens making a more substantial contribution. Analysis of K values and correlation coefficients revealed that Shewanella putrefaciens was the primary factor in the freshness loss of refrigerated vacuum-packed large yellow croaker. These findings offer a reference for understanding quality changes in refrigerated large yellow croaker, especially regarding umami degradation at the microbial level.
Genealogical Ethics in the United States and the Popularization of Genealogical Research in the Digital Age
Authors: Knight Thomas Daniel
Published: June 2024

This article examines genealogical ethics in the digital age. At a time when more resources for research are available digitally than ever previously, digital media also pose challenges for the large-scale dissemination of false or misleading information as well as the incautious presentation of more careful research that then might be misconstrued by some. This article first reviews the literature about the development of academic genealogy and professional ethical standards. It then provides a series of case studies, each of which examines particular situations in which ethical questions have arisen about the presentation of research findings. This article argues for a greater need among lay researchers to pursue careful research and for a greater need among commercial genealogical databases to foster that. It also argues for the need, grounded in the ethical respect for human dignity, to recognize the individuality and to respect the dignity of the life stories of those whom we study and about whom we write, which should undergird the research process and the presentation of findings. In a concluding section, this essay presents several suggestions that could be used by commercial genealogical companies and researchers to promote more careful investigation and to improve the presentation of findings in commercial databases, online trees, genealogical websites, and other genealogical works that do not routinely undergo peer review.
Promoting Spiritual Coping of Family Caregivers of an Adult Relative with Severe Mental Illness: Development and Test of a Nursing Intervention
Authors: Casaleiro Tiago , Martins Helga , Caldeira Sílvia
Published: June 2024

Severe mental illness disrupts daily functioning, burdening family caregivers, who often adopt spiritual coping strategies. With comprehensive skills, mental health nurses can promote well-being and mental health. The aim is to develop and test the nursing intervention “promoting spiritual coping” in the family caregivers of home-dwelling people with mental illness. This study was conducted in two distinct stages. Initially, the intervention was developed according to the first phase of the Framework for Developing and Evaluating Complex Interventions. Secondly, the intervention protocol was tested in a mixed-method pilot study. An intervention protocol was developed and tested on ten family caregivers. The intervention comprised three sessions, and before-and-after assessments were conducted. Significant improvements were observed in the outcomes, with caregivers expressing that discussing spirituality and religiosity benefited them. This intervention prioritized the therapeutic relationship of the nurses and family caregivers. The intervention “promoting spiritual coping” was created and evaluated as a suitable approach for mental health nurses to use in a psychotherapeutic context with family caregivers of individuals with mental illness.
Determinants of Neonatal and Postneonatal Mortality in Northeastern Brazil: A Cohort Study of Newborns Admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Barreto Maria Goretti Policarpo , Silva Cláudia , Barreto Renata Policarpo , Barreto Roberta Policarpo , de Vasconcelos Lara Moreira Teles , Manso Maria Conceição
Published: June 2024

Despite advances in neonatology, neonatal mortality from preventable causes remains high in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil. This study aimed to analyze the determinants associated with neonatal and postneonatal mortality in newborns admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit. A cohort study was carried out in a capital in the Brazilian Northeast from 2013 to 2018. The outcome studied was death. Poisson regression was performed in the multivariate analysis of variables. Four hundred and eighty newborns were eligible, and 8.1% (39 newborns) died. Among them, 34 died in the neonatal period. The determinants that remained significantly associated with neonatal and postneonatal mortality in the final adjustment model (p < 0.05) were history of abortion, perinatal asphyxia, early neonatal sepsis and umbilical venous catheterization. All causes of this outcome were preventable. The neonatal mortality rate, although it did not include twins, neonates with malformations incompatible with life and other conditions, was 3.47 deaths per thousand live births (95% CI:1.10−8.03‰), well below the national average. In this study, pregnant women from different social classes had in common a private plan for direct access to health services, which provided them with excellent care throughout pregnancy and postnatal care. These results indicate that reducing neonatal mortality is possible through public policies with strategies that promote improvements in access to health services.
Use of Smart Glasses (Assisted Reality) for Western Australian X-ray Operators’ Continuing Professional Development: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ng Curtise K. C. , Baldock Moira , Newman Steven
Published: June 2024

Previous studies have explored use of smart glasses in telemedicine, but no study has investigated its use in teleradiography. The purpose of this study was to implement a six-month pilot program for Western Australian X-ray operators (XROs) to use smart glasses to obtain assisted reality support in their radiography practice from their supervising radiographers, and evaluate its effectiveness in terms of XROs’ competence improvement and equipment usability. Pretest–posttest design with evaluation of the XROs’ competence (including their X-ray image quality) and smart glasses usability by XROs in two remote centers and their supervising radiographers from two sites before and after the program using four questionnaire sets and X-ray image quality review was employed in this experimental study. Paired t-test was used for comparing mean values of the pre- and post-intervention pairs of 11-point scale questionnaire and image quality review items to determine any XROs’ radiography competence improvements. Content analysis was used to analyze open questions about the equipment usability. Our study’s findings based on 13 participants (11 XROs and 2 supervising radiographers) and 2053 X-ray images show that the assisted reality support helped to improve the XROs’ radiography competence (specifically X-ray image quality), with mean post-intervention competence values of 6.16–7.39 (out of 10) and statistical significances (p < 0.001–0.05), and the equipment was considered effective for this purpose but not easy to use.
Conceptual Design and Structural Performance Analysis of an Innovative Deep-Sea Aquaculture Platform
Authors: Li Yangyang , Zhen Xingwei , Zhu Yesen , Huang Yi , Zhang Lixin , Li Hongxia
Published: June 2024

This paper proposes a conceptual design of an innovative deep-sea aquaculture platform that integrates a steel structural framework and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) floats. It aims to overcome the limitations of prevailing aquaculture equipment, including inadequate resistance to strong wind and waves, complex technologies, and prohibitively high costs. The design scheme and key parameters of the main platform, the netting system, and the mooring systems are presented. Based on the stochastic design wave method, the characteristic load response scenarios and design wave parameters are determined and analyzed. Strength analysis is conducted to assess the structural performance, vulnerabilities, and overall safety of the platform under various characteristic load conditions. The results indicate that the Von Mises stress levels across different sections of the platform conform to the allowable stress thresholds under various characteristic load conditions. However, the stress levels of the platform are notably higher when subjected to characteristic loads associated with vertical shear, vertical bending moments, and torsion about the horizontal axis, which requires further efforts in the design process to enhance the structural safety of the platform. The proposed design methodology and the presented research results can provide a wide range of references for the design and analysis of deep-sea fisheries aquaculture equipment.
Fault Identification of Direct-Shift Gearbox Using Variational Mode Decomposition and Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Kumar Rishikesh , Kumar Prabhat , Vashishtha Govind , Chauhan Sumika , Zimroz Radoslaw , Kumar Surinder , Kumar Rajesh , Gupta Munish Kumar , Ross Nimel Sworna
Published: June 2024

The direct-shift gearbox is widely used in many applications, such as automotive and aerospace, due to its large transmission ratio and high transmission efficiency. Rough and heavy-duty working conditions induce various faults, such as scratches, fatigue cracks, pitting, and missing teeth due to breakage. These defects may lead to the failure of one or more components attached to an automatic transmission system. A fault identification scheme for the direct-shift gearbox has been developed, making use of variational mode decomposition (VMD) and convolutional neural network (CNN). The acquired raw signal from the gearbox under different health conditions (healthy, pitting, and chipping) is decomposed into different modes using VMD. The prominent mode is selected based on kurtosis, which is utilized to obtain scalograms. An image matrix is formed utilizing scalograms. Such matrices from different scalograms are divided into training and testing matrices. The training matrices train the CNN model, whereas the testing matrices validate the efficacy of the built CNN model. The proposed scheme identifies faults with 100% accuracy. The proposed scheme has also been compared with other neural networks. These results suggest that the proposed scheme outperforms other networks.
An Improved Expectation–Maximization Bayesian Algorithm for GWAS
Authors: Zhang Ganwen , Zhao Jianini , Wang Jieru , Lin Guo , Li Lin , Ban Fengfei , Zhu Meiting , Wen Yangjun , Zhang Jin
Published: June 2024

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) are flexible and comprehensive tools for identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with complex traits or diseases. The whole-genome Bayesian models are an effective way of incorporating important prior information into modeling. Bayesian methods have been widely used in association analysis. However, Bayesian analysis is often not feasible due to the high-throughput genotype and large sample sizes involved. In this study, we propose a new Bayesian algorithm under the mixed linear model framework: the expectation and maximization BayesB Improved algorithm (emBBI). The emBBI algorithm corrects polygenic and environmental noise and reduces dimensions; then, it estimates and tests marker effects using emBayesB and the LOD test, respectively. We conducted two simulation experiments and analyzed a real dataset related to flowering time in Arabidopsis to demonstrate the validation of the new algorithm. The results show that the emBBI algorithm is more flexible and accurate in simulation studies compared to established methods, and it performs well under complex genetic backgrounds. The analysis of the Arabidopsis real dataset further illustrates the advantages of the emBBI algorithm for GWAS by detecting known genes. Furthermore, 12 candidate genes are identified in the neighborhood of the significant quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) of flowering-related QTNs in Arabidopsis. In addition, we also performed enrichment analysis and tissue expression analysis of candidate genes, which will help us better understand the genetic basis of flowering-related traits in Arabidopsis.
Numerical Solution to Poisson’s Equation for Estimating Electrostatic Properties Resulting from an Axially Symmetric Gaussian Charge Density Distribution: Charge in Free Space
Authors: Salem Mohammad , Aldabbagh Omar
Published: June 2024

Poisson’s equation frequently emerges in many fields, yet its exact solution is rarely feasible, making the numerical approach notably valuable. This study aims to provide a tutorial-level guide to numerically solving Poisson’s equation, focusing on estimating the electrostatic field and potential resulting from an axially symmetric Gaussian charge distribution. The Finite Difference Method is utilized to discretize the desired spatial domain into a grid of points and approximate the derivatives using finite difference approximations. The resulting system of linear equations is then tackled using the Successive Over-Relaxation technique. Our results suggest that the potential obtained from the direct integration of the distance-weighted charge density is a reasonable choice for Dirichlet boundary conditions. We examine a scenario involving a charge in free space; the numerical electrostatic potential is estimated to be within a tolerable error range compared to the exact solution.
Bayesian Statistical Inference for Factor Analysis Models with Clustered Data
Authors: Chen Bowen , He Na , Li Xingping
Published: June 2024

Clustered data are a complex and frequently used type of data. Traditional factor analysis methods are effective for non-clustered data, but they do not adequately capture correlations between multiple observed individuals or variables in clustered data. This paper proposes a Bayesian approach utilizing MCMC and Gibbs sampling algorithms to accurately estimate parameters of interest within the clustered factor analysis model. The mean traversal graph of parameters ensures that the Markov chain converges, and the Bayesian case-deletion model is used to analyze the model’s impact and identify outliers in clustered data using Cook’s posterior mean distance. The applicability and validity of the principal-component-method-based factor analysis model for clustered data are demonstrated by comparing the parameter estimation of this method with the principal component method, the clustered data with and without internal relationships are compared by example analysis, and the anomalous groups are identified by the Cook’s posterior mean distance.
Complex t-Intuitionistic Fuzzy Graph with Applications of Rubber Industrial Water Wastes
Authors: Kaviyarasu Murugan , Alqahtani Mohammed , Rajeshwari Murugesan , Sudalaimuthu Gopikumar
Published: June 2024

The main concept involved in this study explains the theme of complex t-intuitionistic fuzzy graphs (CTIFGs), which act as a powerful tool in analyzing and displaying the relationships among various applications that are difficult to recognize. The manuscript also demonstrates the capability of CTIFGs to create complex associations with multiple domains when considering a physical situation. Following this, the basic set of operations for CTIFGs is projected. The ideas on isomorphism and homomorphism of the CTIFGs are also presented. Moreover, the manuscript describes the importance of the above-mentioned technique in an effective way, giving a solution to the practical application associated with rubber processing industrial wastewater. The contributing factors and corresponding interdependencies are considered when calibrating the complex nature of industrial wastewater associated with the CTIFGs. The results highlight the adaptability and possible efficiencies of CTIFGs, which act as a decision-making tool and also indicate their importance for policy planners in important societal issues.
Similarity-Based Three-Way Clustering by Using Dimensionality Reduction
Authors: Li Anlong , Meng Yiping , Wang Pingxin
Published: June 2024

Three-way clustering uses core region and fringe region to describe a cluster, which divide the dataset into three parts. The division helps identify the central core and outer sparse regions of a cluster. One of the main challenges in three-way clustering is the meaningful construction of the two sets. Aimed at handling high-dimensional data and improving the stability of clustering, this paper proposes a novel three-way clustering method. The proposed method uses dimensionality reduction techniques to reduce data dimensions and eliminate noise. Based on the reduced dataset, random sampling and feature extraction are performed multiple times to introduce randomness and diversity, enhancing the algorithm’s robustness. Ensemble strategies are applied on these subsets, and the k-means algorithm is utilized to obtain multiple clustering results. Based on these results, we obtain co-association frequency between different samples and fused clustering result using the single-linkage method of hierarchical clustering. In order to describe the core region and fringe region of each cluster, the similar class of each sample is defined by co-association frequency. The lower and upper approximations of each cluster are obtained based on similar class. The samples in the lower approximation of each cluster belong to the core region of the cluster. The differences between lower and upper approximations of each cluster are defined as fringe region. Therefore, a three-way explanation of each cluster is naturally formed. By employing various UC Irvine Machine Learning Repository (UCI) datasets and comparing different clustering metrics such as Normalized Mutual Information (NMI), Adjusted Rand Index (ARI), and Accuracy (ACC), the experimental results show that the proposed strategy is effective in improving the structure of clustering results.
Exact Periodic Wave Solutions for the Perturbed Boussinesq Equation with Power Law Nonlinearity
Authors: Kong Ying , Geng Jia
Published: June 2024

In this paper, exact periodic wave solutions for the perturbed Boussinesq equation with power law nonlinearity are obtained for different nonlinear strengths n. When n=1, the periodic traveling wave solutions can be found by the definition of the Jacobian elliptic function. When n≥1, we construct a transformation to solve for the power law nonlinearity, and the periodic traveling wave solutions can be obtained by applying the extended trial equation method. In addition, we consider the limiting case where the periodicity of the periodic traveling wave solutions vanishes, and we obtain the soliton solution for n=1. Numerical simulations show the periodicity of the solution for the perturbed Boussinesq equation.
Innovative Microbial Immobilization Strategy for Di-n-Butyl Phthalate Biodegradation Using Biochar-Calcium Alginate-Waterborne Polyurethane Composites
Authors: Cao Xuan-Di , Jien Shih-Hao , Yang Chu-Wen , Lin Yi-Hsuan , Liao Chien-Sen
Published: June 2024

Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is a prevalent phthalate ester widely used as a plasticizer, leading to its widespread presence in various environmental matrices. This study presents an innovative microbial immobilization strategy utilizing biochar, calcium alginate (alginate-Ca, (C12H14CaO12)n), and waterborne polyurethane (WPU) composites to enhance the biodegradation efficiency of DBP. The results revealed that rice husk biochar, pyrolyzed at 300 °C, exhibits relatively safer and more stable physical and chemical properties, making it an effective immobilization matrix. Additionally, the optimal cultural conditions for Bacillus aquimaris in DBP biodegradation were identified as incubation at 30 °C and pH 7, with the supplementation of 0.15 g of yeast extract, 0.0625 g of glucose, and 1 CMC of Triton X-100. Algal biotoxicity results indicated a significant decrease in biotoxicity, as evidenced by an increase in chlorophyll a content in Chlorella vulgaris following DBP removal from the culture medium. Finally, microbial community analysis demonstrated that encapsulating B. aquimaris within alginate-Ca and WPU layers not only enhanced DBP degradation, but also prevented ecological competition from indigenous microorganisms. This novel approach showcases the potential of agricultural waste utilization and microbial immobilization techniques for the remediation of DBP-contaminated environments.
Gut Dysbiosis in the First-Passed Meconium Microbiomes of Korean Preterm Infants Compared to Full-Term Neonates
Authors: Kim Sae Yun , Youn Young-Ah
Published: June 2024

Since gestational age (GA) is an important factor influencing the presence of specific microbiomes, we aimed to characterize the core microbiomes of preterm infants compared to full-term (FT) infants. This study investigated the differences in microbiota composition between very preterm (VP), moderate-to-late preterm (MLP), and FT neonates by examining the core microbiomes of a large cohort of Korean neonates. Meconium samples from 310 neonates with a GA range of 22–40 weeks were collected, and 16S rRNA analyses were performed; 97 samples were obtained from the FT, 59 from the VP, and 154 from the MLP group. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria were the phylum-level core microbiomes. Infants born before 37 weeks showed a disruption in the core microbiomes. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was positively (r = 0.177, p = 0.002) correlated with GA, while that of Proteobacteria was negatively (r = −0.116, p = 0.040) correlated with GA. At the genus level, the relative abundances of Bacteroides and Prevotella were positively correlated with GA (r = 0.157, p = 0.006; r = 0.160, p = 0.005). The meconium of preterm infants exhibited significantly lower α-diversities than that of FT infants. β-diversities did not appear to differ between the groups. Overall, these findings underscore the importance of GA in shaping the early gut microbiome.
Impact of Plant–Microbe Interactions with a Focus on Poorly Investigated Urban Ecosystems—A Review
Authors: Monaco Pamela , Baldoni Apollonia , Naclerio Gino , Scippa Gabriella Stefania , Bucci Antonio
Published: June 2024

The urbanization process, which began with the Industrial Revolution, has undergone a considerable increase over the past few decades. Urbanization strongly affects ecological processes, often deleteriously, because it is associated with a decrease in green spaces (areas of land covered by vegetation), loss of natural habitats, increased rates of species extinction, a greater prevalence of invasive and exotic species, and anthropogenic pollutant accumulation. In urban environments, green spaces play a key role by providing many ecological benefits and contributing to human psychophysical well-being. It is known that interactions between plants and microorganisms that occur in the rhizosphere are of paramount importance for plant health, soil fertility, and the correct functioning of plant ecosystems. The growing diffusion of DNA sequencing technologies and “omics” analyses has provided increasing information about the composition, structure, and function of the rhizomicrobiota. However, despite the considerable amount of data on rhizosphere communities and their interactions with plants in natural/rural contexts, current knowledge on microbial communities associated with plant roots in urban soils is still very scarce. The present review discusses both plant–microbe dynamics and factors that drive the composition of the rhizomicrobiota in poorly investigated urban settings and the potential use of beneficial microbes as an innovative biological tool to face the challenges that anthropized environments and climate change impose. Unravelling urban biodiversity will contribute to green space management, preservation, and development and, ultimately, to public health and safety.
Characteristics and Mechanism of the Ore-Forming Fluids in the Shimensi Tungsten Polymetallic Deposit in Southeastern China
Authors: Wang Peng , Ye Zhanghuang , Zong Xiaohua
Published: June 2024

The Shimensi super-large tungsten polymetallic deposit is located in the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous Porphyry–Skarn tungsten ore belt in the south Yangtze metallogenic belt. There are three types of mineralization: veinlet-disseminated type, thick quartz vein type and hydrothermal cryptoexplosive breccia type. Based on geological studies, this paper presents new petrographic, microthermometric, laser Raman spectroscopic and hydrogen and oxygen isotope research on the fluid inclusions from the deposit. The results show that there are five different types of fluid inclusions: liquid-rich inclusions, vapor-rich inclusions, pure liquid inclusions, pure vapor inclusions, and fluid inclusions containing a solid crystal. The homogenization temperatures of the fluid inclusion range from 140 °C to 270 °C, the salinities are 3 wt.%–5 wt.% NaCleq and the densities of ore-forming fluid range from 0.64 g/cm3 to 0.99 g/cm3. For the analyses of laser Raman spectroscopy, the ore-forming fluids can be approximated by a Ca2+-Na+-SO42−-Cl− fluid system with small amounts of CO2, CH4 and N2. Otherwise, the data of the pressure, pH and Eh show a fluid metallogenic environment of low pressure, weak acid and weak reduction. The values of the homogenization temperature in the three types of orebodies suggest that the mineralization is characterized by a decrease in temperature under the conditions of fluid immiscibility. The H-O isotope values are interpreted to indicate that the ore-forming fluids are mainly composed of magmatic water, and meteoric water is added with the process of magma rising.
Modelling pH Dynamics, SCOBY Biomass Formation, and Acetic Acid Production of Kombucha Fermentation Using Black, Green, and Oolong Teas
Authors: Chong Ann Qi , Chin Nyuk Ling , Talib Rosnita A. , Basha Roseliza Kadir
Published: June 2024

Kombucha is a traditional, fermented beverage made with an essential biomaterial known as SCOBY (symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast). Three different tea types, namely black, green, and oolong, were compared in kombucha fermentation in terms of pH dynamics, the formation of SCOBY biomass, and the production of acetic acid. The rational, exponential, and polynomial models described pH dynamics with good fit, R2 > 0.98. The formation of SCOBY biomass and the production of acetic acid were modelled using sigmoidal functions, with three-parameter logistic and Gompertz models and four-parameter Boltzmann and Richards models. The F-test indicated that the three-parameter models were statistically adequate; thus, the Gompertz model was modified to present the biological meaning of the parameters. The SCOBY biomass formation rates ranged from 7.323 to 9.980 g/L-day, and the acetic acid production rates ranged from 0.047 to 0.049% acid (wt/vol)/day, with the highest values from the non-conventional substrate, oolong tea. The correlations between pH and SCOBY biomass or acetic acid using polynomial models enable the prediction of product formation in kombucha processing.
Optimization Design of Hydraulic Fracturing Fracture Parameters of Horizontal Wells in Algal Limestone Reservoir
Authors: Liu Shiduo , Xiong Tingsong , Liu Yong , Zheng Honglin , Ma Xinfang , Guo Delong , Wan Youyu , Xie Guiqi , Wang Zhisheng
Published: June 2024

The algal limestone reservoir has extremely low permeability, developed dissolution pores and weak structural planes, and has heterogeneity. There is a problem of significant differences in single-well production after fracturing in oilfield sites. It is crucial to clarify the matching relationship between hydraulic fracture parameters and production. This article establishes a triple medium seepage mathematical model of “fracture—dissolution pore—matrix pore” considering the lithological characteristics of algal limestone, which is used to predict the cumulative production of horizontal wells after fracturing, and its reliability is verified through example well production data. The influence of fracture parameters on the production of horizontal wells was revealed through numerical simulation, filling the gap in the study of parameters for the stimulation of algal limestone reservoirs. The results indicate that the proposed triple medium model can accurately characterize the characteristics of algal limestone and is suitable for simulating the production capacity of algal limestone reservoirs. The production of horizontal wells is influenced by various hydraulic fracture parameters. The length, conductivity, and height of hydraulic fractures are positively correlated with production, while the spacing between fractures is negatively correlated with production. Taking the overall production of the platform horizontal well group as the optimization objective, and the change in production increase as the discrimination criterion, the optimal values of various fracture parameters are determined. At the same time, simulation results show that using the staggered fracture pattern is beneficial for improving the overall production. The research results have reference significance for the development of algal limestone reservoirs
Microfluidic Insights into the Effects of Reservoir and Operational Parameters on Foamy Oil Flow Dynamics during Cyclic Solvent Injection: Reservoir-on-the-Chip Aided Experimental and Numerical Studies
Authors: Cheperli Ali , Torabi Farshid , Sabeti Morteza
Published: June 2024

This study examines the microfluidic characterization of foamy oil flow dynamics in heterogeneous porous media. A total of 12 microfluidic CSI experiments were conducted using reservoir-on-the-chip platforms. In addition, detailed PVT analysis was performed to characterise the heavy oil/solvent systems. Moreover, a numerical model constructed with CMG software package (2021.10) has been validated against the experimental findings in this study. A clear-cut visualization study provided by microfluidic systems revealed that factors including solvent type, pressure depletion rate, and reservoir parameters have a significant impact on foamy oil flow extension. It was found that a solvent containing a higher CO2 content demonstrated more effective performance compared with other solvent compositions, owing to its capability to reduce viscosity, enhance swelling, and offer more gas molecules due to its superior solubility. Additionally, a high pressure-depletion rate amplifies the driving force for bubble nucleation, as well as reducing the amount of time available for bubble coalescence. In addition, lower reservoir porosity impedes bubble movement and delays coalescence, thus extending the foamy oil flow. Furthermore, with the aid of a robust image analysis technique, it was discovered that utilizing 100% CO2 as a solvent resulted in a 17% increase in oil recovery over using 50% CO2 and 50% CH4. Furthermore, a 6% increase in oil recovery was achieved by applying a fast pressure depletion rate as opposed to a slow pressure depletion rate. Moreover, the numerical model constructed was found to be accurate in adjusting heavy oil recovery with an average relative error of 7.7%.
Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant Activity, and Antiproliferative Potential on Glioblastoma Cells of Selected Stone Fruit Juices
Authors: Raucher Drazen , Rowsey Mandy , Hinson James , Ćorković Ina , Lila Mary Ann , Šimunović Josip , Kopjar Mirela
Published: June 2024

Glioblastoma presents one of the most formidable challenges in cancer treatment, remaining persistently incurable. There is a pressing need to explore less toxic alternatives, particularly natural remedies that could be applied in glioblastoma therapy. The aim of this research is to investigate the antiproliferative potential of selected stone fruit juices—tart cherry (Prunus cerasus), cornelian cherry (Cornus mas), and blackthorn (Prunus spinosa)—on U87-MG and GBM43 glioblastoma cells. Their effects were compared with temozolomide (TMZ), the current standard treatment. Additionally, the juices were assessed for their bioactive compounds and antioxidant potential. Unlike the other two juices, blackthorn juice did not exhibit an antiproliferative effect on U87-MG cells. However, all three juices, including blackthorn, demonstrated antiproliferative potential against TMZ-resistant GBM43 cells. Cornelian cherry exhibited an even stronger inhibitory effect than TMZ. This observation correlated with cornelian cherry being rich in iridoids, while tart cherry juice contained significant amounts of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins. This research sheds light on the potential of cornelian cherry juice as a source of bioactive compounds with antiproliferative effects against glioblastoma cells, particularly TMZ-resistant GBM43 cells. Further research is warranted to explore the potential development of these compounds into therapeutic agents, either as single entities or in combination therapies for glioblastoma treatment.