bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comment on Lachenmeier et al (2020) “Are side effects of cannabidiol (CBD) products caused by tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) contamination?”: disputation on various points in the publication
Authors: Kruse Daniel , Beitzke Bernhard
Published: August 2020

This Correspondence article is a counterstatement to a Brief Report published by Lachenmeier and co-workers on 17th February 2020 in F1000Research: “Are side effects of cannabidiol (CBD) products caused by tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) contamination?”. This counterstatement proposes that the authors of that article neither present proof or evidence for the alleged side effects of CBD products (no case reports presented with utilisable data), nor do they show that side effects are due to the presence of THC.

Primarily, there is no clear definition of THC because the authors do not explain whether they mean Delta9-THC only (without its precursor tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA)) or total-THC (the sum of Delta9-THC and its precursor THCA, normalised to THC); indeed EU Recommendation 2016/2115 on the monitoring of cannabinoids in food requires the measurement and documentation of the precursor acids complementary to the decarboxylated cannabinoids. The key part of the authors’ work – Table 2 with the assessment of the CBD products – leaves the reader in the dark about the nature of “THC”. This is all the more concerning because acid-free Delta9-THC is psychotropic but THCA is not.

Additionally, the classification of the CBD products (“toxicity assessment”) presented is based on the assignment of the quantitative relation to the LOAEL (lowest observed adverse effect level) of THC (2.5 mg of acid-free Delta9-THC per adult and day as assigned by EFSA, 2015). However, many assumptions by Lachenmeier et al. on daily intake of CBD products are questionable, in particular food supplements, where the recommended daily consumption was missing on the label.

Finally, the authors of the paper also compare their findings with the German recommendations on maximum levels of total-THC in food, ignoring that those limits refer to total-THC and the ready-to-eat products, and not to the food ingredient itself – in particular hemp tea products.
Genome-wide analyses reveal antibiotic resistance genes and mechanisms in pathogenic Pseudomonas bacteria
Authors: Benson Otarigho
Published: August 2020

Background: The global emergence and re-emergence of antibiotic resistance among the Pseudomonas pathogens causes great problems to patients undergoing chemotherapy. However, there is limited comparative information on the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mechanisms across the Pseudomonas pathogenic groups.

Methods: The complete genomes of five Pseudomonas pathogen groups, P. aeruginosa, P. fluorescens, P. putida, P. stutzeri and P. syringae, were analyzed for ARGs.

Results: A significant number of ARGs were identified in the P. aeruginosa genome compared to the other Pseudomonas pathogens. The opportunistic pathogens P. stutzeri and P. putida were shown to be the closest to P. aeruginosa with an average nucleotide identity (%) of 80.30 and 79.52.  The pathogen genome with the least hit was P. stutzeri. The four major antibiotic resistance mechanisms that include the efflux, inactivation, target alteration and efflux::target alteration were reported.

Conclusion: The findings of this brief report could be useful in understanding the chemotherapeutics against antibiotic resistance strains of Pseudomonas pathogens
Refinement of the critical genomic region for congenital hyperinsulinism in the Chromosome 9p deletion syndrome
Authors: Banerjee Indraneel , Senniappan Senthil , Laver Thomas W. , Caswell Richard , Zenker Martin , Mohnike Klaus , Cheetham Tim , Wakeling Matthew N. , Ismail Dunia , Lennerz Belinda , Splitt Miranda , Berberoğlu Merih , Empting Susann , Wabitsch Martin , Pötzsch Simone , Shah Pratik , Siklar Zeynep , Verge Charles F. , Weedon Michael N. , Ellard Sian , Hussain Khalid , Flanagan Sarah E.
Published: August 2020

Background: Large contiguous gene deletions at the distal end of the short arm of chromosome 9 result in the complex multi-organ condition chromosome 9p deletion syndrome.  A range of clinical features can result from these deletions with the most common being facial dysmorphisms and neurological impairment. Congenital hyperinsulinism is a rarely reported feature of the syndrome with the genetic mechanism for the dysregulated insulin secretion being unknown. 

Methods: We studied the clinical and genetic characteristics of 12 individuals with chromosome 9p deletions who had a history of neonatal hypoglycaemia. Using off-target reads generated from targeted next-generation sequencing of the genes known to cause hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (n=9), or microarray analysis (n=3), we mapped the minimal shared deleted region on chromosome 9 in this cohort. Targeted sequencing was performed in three patients to search for a recessive mutation unmasked by the deletion.

Results: In 10/12 patients with hypoglycaemia, hyperinsulinism was confirmed biochemically. A range of extra-pancreatic features were also reported in these patients consistent with the diagnosis of the Chromosome 9p deletion syndrome. The minimal deleted region was mapped to 7.2 Mb, encompassing 38 protein-coding genes. In silico analysis of these genes highlighted SMARCA2 and RFX3 as potential candidates for the hypoglycaemia. Targeted sequencing performed on three of the patients did not identify a second disease-causing variant within the minimal deleted region.

Conclusions: This study identifies 9p deletions as an important cause of hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia and increases the number of cases reported with 9p deletions and hypoglycaemia to 15 making this a more common feature of the syndrome than previously appreciated.  Whilst the precise genetic mechanism of the dysregulated insulin secretion could not be determined in these patients, mapping the deletion breakpoints highlighted potential candidate genes for hypoglycaemia within the deleted region.
Framework to Evaluate Continuous Improvement Process Efficacy: A Case Study of a Capital Goods Company
Authors: Unzueta Gorka , Esnaola Aritz , Eguren José A.
Published: August 2020

Purpose: This document describes a continuous improvement process assessment system (CIPAS). A continuous improvement process (CIP) was developed to progress through the levels of continuous improvement (CI) defined by Bessant, Caffyn and Gallagher (2001), and the CIPAS was developed to measure this evolution. The CIP and the CIPAS were tested in a mature industrial small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) cooperative company (Basque Country, Spain) that works in the capital goods sector.Methodology/Approach: The study was developed according to an ‘action research’ strategy (Coughlan and Coghlan, 2002) over a period of two years. The action research team includes the authors and managers of several areas of the studied company.Findings: The assessment identified critical elements and related routines for the effective execution of the CIP in this company. In addition, the evaluation system allowed for a visualisation of the company’s CI maturity level progression.Research Limitation/implication: The assessment system was designed in an ad hoc manner for this CIP and this industrial company, but it may be possible to adapt these to other types of companies by using the steps followed and indicators defined as an example.Originality/Value of paper: The CIPAS is used to identify the key CI elements, to measure the evolution of CI routines, and to identify a CI maturity level of the company in which the CIP is applied. It can be applied to any type of company and serves to define future actions for its evolution.
Co-creation as a Success Factor in the Development of Constructive Customer-Focused Dialogues
Authors: Mårtensson Anna , Ingelsson Pernilla , Bäckström Ingela
Published: August 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the process of co-creating a dialogue model that aims to increase citizen value in a municipality organisation. In addition, the purpose is to present the results from the development process and to evaluate the chosen dialogue model.Methodology/Approach: A dialogue model was developed through a co-creation process with a series of workshops, discussions and interactive tasks. The whole process was carried out in three steps. In the first step, the success factors of a constructive dialogue based on citizen value were identified. In the second step, several dialogue models were developed, tested and evaluated, and one dialogue model was chosen. In the third step, the chosen dialogue model was evaluated.Findings: An evaluation of a real-life use of the dialogue model supports the finding that the process delivers a dialogue model that enables the required prerequisites for constructive dialogues: for example, the opportunity to prepare, to create structured and transparent documentation, and to enable a holistic view of the dialogue model. A co-creation that involved co-workers contributed to developing a dialogue model that could be adapted to the co-workers’ own context.Research Limitation/implication: This study is conducted in a single organization, hence no generalizable conclusions can be made.Originality/Value of paper: Using a co-creative process when developing and realising a dialogue model enhances the possibility of adapting the model to an organisation’s specific context.
Methodological Assessment of Data Suitability for Defect Prediction
Authors: Schlegel Peter , Buschmann Daniel , Ellerich Max , Schmitt Robert H.
Published: August 2020

Purpose: This paper provides a domain specific concept to assess data suitability of various data sources along the production chain for defect prediction.Methodology/Approach: A seven-phase methodology is developed in which the data suitability for defect prediction in interlinked production steps is assessed. For this purpose, the manufacturing process is mapped and potential influencing variables on the origin of defects are identified. The available data is evaluated and quantified with regard to the criteria relevancy, completeness, appropriate amount of data, accessibility and interpretability. The individual assessments are then visualized in an overview, gaps in data acquisition are identified and needs for action are derived.Findings: The research shows a seven-phase methodology to systematically assess data suitability for defect prediction and identify data gaps in interlinked production steps.Research Limitation/implication: This research is limited to the analysis of contextual data quality for the use case of defect prediction. Other data analytics applications or processes outside of manufacturing are not included.Originality/Value of paper: The paper provides a new approach to identify gaps in data acquisition by systematically assessing data suitability for defect prediction and deducting needs for action. The accuracy of predictive defect models is then to be improved by the subsequent optimization of the data basis.
New Approach to Portfolio Creation Using the Minimum Spanning Tree Theory and Its Robust Evaluation
Authors: Danko Jakub , Šoltés Vincent , Bindzár Tomáš
Published: August 2020

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to describe another possibility of portfolio creation using the minimum spanning tree method. The research contributes to the existing body of knowledge with using and subsequently developing a new approach based on graph theory, which is suitable for an individual investor who wants to create an investment portfolio.Methodology/Approach: The analyzed data is divided into two (disjoint) sets – a training and a testing set. Portfolio comparisons were carried out during the test period, which always followed immediately after the training period and had a length of one year. For the sake of objectivity of the comparison, all proposed portfolios always consist of ten shares of equal weight.Findings: Based on the results from the analysis, we can see that our proposed method offers (on average) the best appreciation of the invested resources and also the least risky investment in terms of relative variability, what could be considered as very attractive from an individual investor’s point of view.Research Limitation/implication: In our paper, we did not consider any fees related to the purchase and holding of financial instruments in the portfolio. For periods with extreme market returns (sharp increase or decrease), the use of Pearson’s correlation coefficient is not appropriate.Originality/Value of paper: The main practical benefit of the research is that it presents and offers an interesting and practical investment strategy for an individual investor who wants to take an active approach to investment.
Paz sin garantías: el asesinato de líderes de restitución y sustitución de cultivos de uso ilícito en Colombia
Authors: Gutiérrez Francisco , Marín Margarita , Machuca Diana , Parada Mónica , Rojas Howard
Published: August 2020

El artículo hace un análisis sobre el asesinato a líderes sociales a partir del estudio de dos “políticas pro-paz”, la restitución de tierras y el programa de sustitución de cultivos de uso ilícito (PNIS). A partir de estos dos casos, se argumenta que la violencia cometida contra los líderes de sustitución y restitución de tierras está relacionada con diseños participativos que promovieron ambas políticas y que no consideraron en su implementación las fuertes oposiciones locales y nacionales ni fueron lo suficientemente consistentes para implementar los mecanismos necesarios que protegieran la vida de los líderes. Para sostener esta proposición, el artículo utiliza los datos del Observatorio de Restitución y Regulación de Derechos de Propiedad Agraria sobre el asesinato a líderes en Colombia. Además, hace una detallada revisión de los diseños institucionales de la restitución y la sustitución a partir de información de prensa, literatura secundaria y entrevistas con líderes de estas políticas. El artículo concluye que la implementación de la restitución y sustitución no implicó un realineamiento de las agencias del estado en el nivel territorial ni rediseñó las políticas contrainsurgentes que identificaban a los líderes como blancos de ataque.
Las configuraciones de la convivencia y sus imaginarios: estudio en tres barrios de Armenia (Quindío)
Authors: Mejìa Escobar Bibiana Magaly , Giraldo Lucero , Martìnez Salazar Betty
Published: August 2020

Se presentan los resultados de la investigación “Cómo estamos conviviendo en la Colombia del siglo XXI”, que tuvo como objetivo general “Comprender, desde la perspectiva de los actores en Armenia, Quindío, las configuraciones de la convivencia y sus imaginarios”. Se estudiaron tres experiencias comunitarias, de iniciativa ciudadana, en barrios que concentran conflictos sociales pero que, también, han encontrado diferentes estrategias para superar su vulnerabilidad y mejorar la calidad de vida.La convivencia se caracterizó con base en tres subcategorías: normatividad, usos y costumbres y pertenencia. El estudio de los imaginarios se abordó desde la propuesta de Pintos (2006), quien sugiere la aplicación del código relevancia/opacidad.Se encontró que, por su participación en las experiencias estudiadas, muchos individuos pudieron resignificar su papel social porque consolidaron nuevos imaginarios. Sin embargo, la convivencia no la orienta el cumplimiento efectivo de normas constitucionales y el respeto por los derechos humanos, sino que se alcanza, incluso, por encima y a pesar de ellas. Normas implícitas como los pactos de silencio y la no denuncia de formas de delincuencia, rigen la vida de estas comunidades.  Esas normas, a su vez, determinan los usos y costumbres, así como la pertenencia de los habitantes a la comunidad.
Análisis de las transformaciones en las coberturas del humedal urbano Tibanica, localidad de Bosa, Bogotá D. C.
Authors: Fuentes Nieto Catalina , López Velandia Cristian Camilo
Published: August 2020

El presente estudio analizó las trasformaciones en las coberturas de la tierra desarrolladas enel humedal urbano Tibanica, a través de la identificación, clasificación y cuantificación de lascoberturas, empleando fotografías aéreas de los años 1993 a 2015. Los resultados indican unpredominio de las coberturas asociadas con el accionar humano, tales como zonas verdes urbanas y tejido urbano continuo, y una disminución en aquellas relacionadas con áreas naturales, tales como los cuerpos de agua. Del análisis estadístico, se corroboró la asociación negativa entre el aumento de la población y el área urbanizada, así como la reducción de las coberturas de tipo más natural, lo que evidencia que el incremento en los procesos de urbanización en el área de estudio ha llevado a la reducción de coberturas, tales como lagos, lagunas y ciénagas, pastos limpios, canales y vegetación secundaria.
Innovations in the Science and Practice of Decision Analysis: The Role ofManagement Science
Authors: Dyer James S. , Smith James E.
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we reflect on research in decision analysis that has appeared in Management Science and its impact on decision analysis practice and applications. We consider professional applications of decision analysis in business and government settings as well as everyday conversational applications.

This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, Special Section of Management Science: 65th Anniversary.
Improving guideline-mandated care of patients with implantable cardiac defibrillators
Authors: Garner Daniel , Blackburn Matthew , Wright David J , Rao Archana
Published: August 2020

Background/Aims

Implantable cardiac defibrillators reduce the risk of sudden cardiac death in selected patients. The value of an implantable cardiac defibrillator declines as the patient's disease progresses. Guidelines suggest that the appropriateness of maintaining implantable cardiac defibrillator therapy be regularly reviewed as part of monitoring of the patient's disease trajectory. It is recommended that implantable cardiac defibrillators are deactivated as patients approach the end of life. Patients with a better understanding of their current state of health and the role that the implantable cardiac defibrillator plays within it are more likely to make informed decisions about the timing of deactivation.

Methods:

A quality improvement project was undertaken on appropriate deactivation of implantable cardiac defibrillators within a large tertiary cardiac centre. This was driven by audit data showing inadequate patient communication and documentation around deactivation. Drivers for change included the introduction of electronic data records, clinical review of comorbid patients approaching elective battery change and an ongoing forum for patient and carer education. Measured outcomes included the number of deactivations performed, evidence of patient discussion and consent, and timing of deactivation of the implantable cardiac defibrillator.

Results

There were increased numbers of timely device deactivations undertaken following the interventions with improved documented evidence of patient discussion and consent. The educational forum was received favourably.

Conclusions

Focused multidisciplinary interventions can impact favourably on appropriate implantable cardiac defibrillator deactivation and improve patient engagement.
Discussing deactivation of implantable cardiac defibrillators
Authors: Bahl Rahul , Dubrey Simon
Published: August 2020

Implantable cardiac defibrillators are a key component in preventing sudden cardiac death for patients with life-threatening arrhythmias. Through ageing, frailty and the progression of cardiac and non-cardiac morbidity, many will develop a ‘life-limiting’ condition. This raises the challenge of how to approach making decisions to deactivate the defibrillator function. This article discusses the background to deactivation of implantable cardioverter defibrillators and the practical considerations for different circumstances.
Orthopaedic manifestations of glutaric acidemia Type 1
Authors: Imerci Ahmet , Strauss Kevin A. , Oleas-Santillan Geovanny F. , Miller Freeman
Published: August 2020

Purpose

Glutaric acidemia type 1 (GA1), a rare hereditary metabolic disease caused by biallelic mutations of GCDH, can result in acute or insidious striatal degeneration within the first few years of life. We reviewed the orthopaedic sequelae and management of 114 neurologically injured patients with a confirmed molecular diagnosis of GA1.

Methods

We performed a retrospective chart review spanning 28 years identifying 114 GA1 patients, most from the Old Order Amish population of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, who were homozygous for a pathogenic founder variant of GCDH (c.1262C>T). We collected demographics, medical comorbidities, muscle tone patterns, Gross Motor Function Classification System level, gastrostomy tube status, seizure history, inpatient events, orthopaedic diagnoses and operative characteristics.

Results

Over an average follow-up of 4.7 ± 3.4 years, 24 (21%) of 114 patients had musculoskeletal problems requiring orthopaedic consultation. Scoliosis (n = 14), hip dislocation (n = 8/15 hips), hip subluxation (n = 2/three hips), and windswept hip deformity (n = 2) in the spine and hip joint were most common. In total, 35 orthopaedic surgeries were performed in 17 (71%) patients. The most common primary operations were one-stage procedures with proximal femoral varus derotation osteotomy and/or pelvic osteotomy (n = 8/14 hips) for subluxation or dislocation. In all, 11 patients had posterior spinal fusion for severe scoliosis. With the recommended metabolic management, there were no disease-specific complications in this cohort.

Conclusions

Children with GA1 who have static striatal lesions are at risk for musculoskeletal complications, especially scoliosis and hip dislocation, and appropriate operative management requires consultation with a metabolic specialist with specific considerations for fluid management and nutrition.

Level of Evidence

IV
Ivone Lara and the early days of social work in Brazil: lessons for the present
Authors: Leal Fabiola Xavier , Teixeira Garcia Maria Lucia
Published: August 2020

The article presents the pathway of a pioneer – black Brazilian social worker Dona Ivone Lara – as a starting point for establishing some mediations that allow for an understanding of the ethno-racial issue in social work in Brazil. The first part of the article briefly describes Ivone Lara’s career pathway and the second sets out some reflections on the permanence of the ethno-racial issue within social work in Brazil, as evidenced by the invisibility of black women within the profile of the profession. The article reaffirms the importance of revealing the dominant racial ideology in Brazil that shaped the genesis of social work. If the ethno-racial debate is fundamental to the understanding of Brazilian societal formation, it is important to understand how social work has dealt with the theme along its trajectory.
Moving beyond contemporary discourses: children, prostitution, modern slavery and human trafficking
Authors: Charnley Helen , Nkhoma Pearson
Published: August 2020

The relationship between prostitution, modern slavery and human trafficking is much debated in the academic literature. By contrast, discussion of children’s involvement in prostitution as a form of modern slavery and human trafficking constitutes a silent consensus. Drawing on the findings of a participatory study with girls and young women in Malawi, we prize open that consensus, illuminating the poverty of contemporary discourses that link children’s involvement in prostitution with modern slavery and human trafficking, and identifying a series of tensions that confound the development of conceptual clarity. We develop our argument by exploring the potential of the capability approach, rooted in principles of social justice and human rights, to offer an alternative understanding of children’s engagement and ongoing involvement in prostitution, and a critical lens through which to reframe the relationship between children, prostitution, modern slavery and human trafficking.
“It's Not Just About a Paycheck”: Perspectives on Employment Preparation of Students With Intellectual Disability in Federally Funded Higher Education Programs
Authors: Domin Daria , Taylor Allison B. , Haines Kelly A. , Papay Clare K. , Grigal Meg
Published: August 2020

Students with intellectual disability (ID) are increasingly attending postsecondary education institutions and acquiring work experiences while completing their studies. One of the main motivations for students with ID to seek higher education is to broaden and increase their chance for finding fulfilling, paid employment in their communities. Findings from a qualitative study on staff perspectives regarding career development and employment supports and services provided to students attending Transition and Postsecondary Education Programs for Students With Intellectual Disability (TPSID) model demonstration programs in the United States are presented. Results reflect consensus across program staff regarding the goals and expectations for employment of TPSID students. Programs vary considerably in their institutional context, their partnership with other entities, and the structure of employment services, as well as the emphasis placed on paid versus unpaid employment. Some of the key strategies shared by staff regarding successful student employment practices involved outreach and engagement, visibility on campus, improving access to career services, and cultivating partnerships. As higher education continues to expand its offerings to students with ID, postsecondary education programs need to continue to emphasize and honor the importance of paid employment, and continue to seek the best methods to achieve this outcome for students with ID.
Dynamic pose estimation of uncooperative space targets based on monocular vision
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Bin Wu , Kang Jiehu , He Rongfang , Gao Guofang
Published: August 2020

A novel algorithm of dynamic pose estimation for monocular visual sensor is proposed in this paper. The sensor is principally composed of two 1D turntables, one collimated laser, and one industrial camera. In particular, the proposed algorithm is suitable for the cases of uncooperative targets. By analyzing the motion of a laser beam based on quaternion, the functional detection algorithm is derived from the position information of multiple scanning points. Furthermore, the depth recovery based on a nonparametric model is a key step in the pose calculation, which is unnecessary to make use of the calibration parameters of an industrial camera. It is, however, effective to avoid the influence of camera distortion and calibration error. After establishing a test platform, simulation and experiments for pose estimation are carried out. The experimental results show that the maximum error is 0.98° at a range of 500 mm, which proves that the proposed algorithm is accurate and effective.
Influence functions for a hysteretic deformable mirror with a high-density 2D array of actuators
Authors: Schmerbauch A. E. M. , Vasquez-Beltran M. A. , Vakis A. I. , Huisman R. , Jayawardhana B.
Published: August 2020

We present modeling and analysis of a hysteretic deformable mirror where the facesheet interacts with a continuous layer of piezoelectric material that can be actuated distributively by a matrix of electrodes through multiplexing. Moreover, a method to calculate the actuator influence functions is described considering the particular arrangement of electrodes. The results are presented in a semi-analytical model to describe the facesheet’s deformation caused by a high-density array of actuators, and validated in a simulation. The proposed modeling of an interconnection layout of electrodes is used to determine the optimal pressures the actuators must exert to achieve a desired surface deformation.
Fabrication and characterization of deformed microdisk cavities in silicon dioxide with high Q-factor
Authors: Behrens Arne , Bosch Martí , Fesser Patrick , Hentschel Martina , Sinzinger Stefan
Published: August 2020

We demonstrate the excitation and characterization of whispering gallery modes in a deformed optical microcavity. To fabricate deformed microdisk microresonators we established a fabrication process relying on dry plasma etching tools for many degrees of freedom and a shape-accurate morphology. This approach allowed us to fabricate resonators of different sizes with a controlled sidewall angle and underetching in large quantities with reproducible properties such as a surface roughness

R
Q

≤
2

n
m

. The excitation and characterization of these modes were achieved by using a state-of-the-art tapered fiber coupling setup with a narrow linewidth tunable laser source. The conducted measurements in shortegg resonators showed at least two modes within a spectral range of about 237 pm. The highest

Q

-factors measured were in the range of

10
5

. Wave optical eigenmode and frequency domain simulations were conducted that could partially reproduce the observed behavior and therefore allow us to compare the experimental results.
Navigation Doppler lidar sensor for precision landing of China’s Chang’E-5 lunar lander
Authors: Xu Weiming , Hongxuan Yu , Jiang Hao , Tong Peng , Kuang Yaowu , Li Ming , Shu Rong
Published: August 2020

Lidar technology is playing an important role in the application of autonomous navigation and hazard avoidance for the landing and cruising exploration on planetary bodies, such as landing on the moon, Mars, and asteroids. We report a Doppler lidar developed for Chang’E-5 mission in this paper. To meet high reliability and resource constraints, time-sharing measuring and in-phase and quadrature processing in this Doppler lidar system was provided and tested. Compared with the traditional linear frequency modulated systems, this lidar system provides excellent detection probabilities of false alarms, especially for the determination of velocity directions. Flight and vibration tests and plume experiments were carried out to further demonstrate the performance and feasibility during the landing mission in late 2020.
Estimating leaf chlorophyll content by laser-induced fluorescence technology at different viewing zenith angles
Authors: Hao Tianyi , Han Yang , Li Ziying , Yao Haiyan , Niu Haofang
Published: August 2020

Leaf chlorophyll content (LCC) is a key indicator of a plant’s physiological status. Fast and non-destructive monitoring of chlorophyll content in plants through remote sensing is very important for accurate diagnosis and assessment of plant growth. Through the use of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technology, this study aims to compare the predictive ability of different single fluorescence characteristic and fluorescence characteristic combinations at various viewing zenith angles (VZAs) combined with multivariate analysis algorithms, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and support vector machine (SVM), for estimating the LCC of plants. The SVM models of LCC estimation were proposed, and fluorescence characteristics—fluorescence peak (FP), fluorescence ratio (FR), PCA, and first-derivative (FD) parameter—and fluorescence characteristic combinations (

F
P

+

F
R

,

F
P

+

F
D

,

F
R

+

F
D

,

F
P

+

F
R

+

F
D

) were used as input variables for the models. Experimental results demonstrated that the effect of single fluorescence characteristics on the predictive performance of SVM models was:

F
R

>

F
D

>

F
P

>

P
C
A

. Compared with other models, 0° SVM was the optimal model for estimating LCC by higher

R

2

. The fluorescence spectra and FD spectra observed at 0° and 30° were superior to those observed at 15°, 45°, and 60°. Thus, appropriate VZA must also be considered, as it can improve the accuracy of LCC monitoring. In addition, compared with single fluorescence characteristic, the

F
P

+

F
R

+

F
D

was the optimal combination of fluorescence characteristics to estimate the LCC for the SVM model by higher

R

2

, indicating better predictive performance. The experimental results show that the combination of LIF technology and multivariate analysis can be effectively used for LCC monitoring and has broad development prospects.
Localized surface plasmon modes of core–shell bimetal nanowires do not hybridize
Authors: Velichko Elena A.
Published: August 2020

We investigate localized plasmon-mode resonances in the scattering and absorption of transversely polarized light by bimetal core–shell nanowires made of silver and gold, in two possible combinations, using an analytical solution and experimental data for metal permittivities. In particular, the influence of the metal shell thickness and material on these resonances is studied. We show that, unlike metal nanotubes with dielectric filling, bimetal wires do not display plasmon-mode hybridization.
Influence of Ho3+ doping on the structural and optical characteristics of ZnO–ZrO2 nanocomposites synthesized by the solution combustion method
Authors: Musembi M. K. , Dejene F. B. , Ahemen I. , Tshabalala K. G.
Published: August 2020

The

Z
n
O

−

Z
r
O

2

nanocomposites were prepared using varying concentrations of

H
o

3
+

ions through the solution combustion method. Zirconium butoxide and zinc nitrate were used as the precursor solutions with citric acid as a fuel. The synthesis was done at a low temperature of 80°C and then the samples calcined at 600°C for 2 h, before characterization. Rietveld refinement revealed that the nanocomposite consisted of wurtzite zinc oxide, mixed with cubic and tetragonal zirconia phases. Scanning electron microscopy images show dispersed small polygonal crystals within a spongy matrix for lower

H
o

3
+

concentrations, while samples with higher dopant ratios featured larger crystals mixed with rods. The UV spectra had absorption edges from 400 nm with a dopant-dependent energy band gap ranging between 2.78 and 3.04 eV. The nanocomposites exhibited an initial violet emission that varied through blue into the green region, depending on the

H
o

3
+

doping concentration. Dipole–dipole interaction was found to be responsible for the luminescence quenching within the nanocomposite material.
Sample induced intensity variations of localized surface plasmon resonance in tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Jiawei , Youssef Azza Hadj , Dörfler Andreas , Kolhatkar Gitanjali , Merlen Alexandre , Ruediger Andreas
Published: August 2020

Tip-enhanced spectroscopy techniques, in particular tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), rely on a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). This LSPR depends on the near field antenna, its material and shape, and the surrounding medium with respect to its relative permittivity and the volume fraction of the optical near field occupied by the sample. Here, we investigate the effects of the surface composition and topography on the change of the LSPR intensity in tip-enhanced spectroscopy on SrTiO3 nanoislands by monitoring the LSPR enhanced luminescence of gold tips. Our experimental results and analytical estimates indicate that by affecting the effective permittivity of the dielectric environment at the tip apex, the material composition as well as topography of the studied sample induce a change in LSPR intensity. This result significantly helps the understanding of the evolution or origin of the LSPR intensity during a typical TERS measurement, which in turn leads to a more accurate assessment of the relative intensity of different Raman modes in TERS.
Turbulent coherent structures in a long cavity semiconductor laser near the lasing threshold
Authors: Gowda Uday , Roche Amy , Pimenov Alexander , Vladimirov Andrei G. , Slepneva Svetlana , Viktorov Evgeny A. , Huyet Guillaume
Published: August 2020

We report on the formation of novel turbulent coherent structures in a long cavity semiconductor laser near the lasing threshold. Experimentally, the laser emits a series of power dropouts within a roundtrip, and the number of dropouts per series depends on a set of parameters including the bias current. At fixed parameters, the drops remain dynamically stable, repeating over many roundtrips. By reconstructing the laser electric field in the case where the laser emits one dropout per roundtrip and simulating its dynamics using a time-delayed model, we discuss the reasons for long-term sustainability of these solutions. We suggest that the observed dropouts are closely related to the coherent structures of the cubic complex Ginzburg–Landau equation.
Nonlinearity-aware optoelectronic terahertz discrete multitone signal transmission with a zero-bias diode
Authors: Zhang Lu , Qiao Mengyao , Wang Shiwei , Lu Zijie , Zhang Le , Pang Xiaodan , Zhang Xianmin , Yu Xianbin
Published: August 2020

The terahertz band has been recognized as a promising candidate to
support future rate-greedy applications such as 6G communications.
Optoelectronic terahertz communications are beneficial for the
realization of high-speed transmission. In this Letter, we propose and
experimentally demonstrate an optoelectronic terahertz transmission
system with intensity modulation and direct detection, where a
discrete multitone (DMT) waveform with high-order quadrature amplitude
modulation (QAM) is used. A zero-bias diode (ZBD) is used in the
system as a simple, cost-effective direct detection terahertz
receiver. A nonlinearity-aware digital signal reception routine is
proposed to mitigate the nonlinear impairments induced by
subcarrier-to-subcarrier beating interference from the ZBD. In this
experiment, up to a 60 Gbit/s line rate 16QAM-DMT signal is
successfully transmitted over a 3 m wireless link in the 310 GHz band,
and the mean signal-to-noise ratio is improved by 3 dB with
nonlinearity-aware signal processing routine. The advantageous
features of such a scheme make it a promising solution for terahertz
wireless communications.
Intersections of popular musicianship and computer science practices
Authors: O’Leary Jared
Published: August 2020

Since the introduction of music education within public schools, curricular offerings have not developed in parallel with the myriad of practices popular musicians engage with outside school contexts. In other academic disciplines such as computer science, curricula and practices are iterative in nature and are responsive to the ever-changing practices that people engage with outside educational contexts. Although popular musicians are using computer science practices for music-related purposes, such practices are seldom discussed within music education scholarship. This article begins with an exploration of such intersections by describing hardware practices popular musicians use to modify, design or build electronic devices for music-related purposes. The following section introduces coding practices that people use to create and modify music software, as well as to make music with code. The article concludes by unpacking potential implications and considerations for educators interested in the intersections of popular musicianship and computer science practices.
The ukulele and YouTube: A content analysis of seven prominent YouTube ukulele channels
Authors: O’Leary Emmett James
Published: August 2020

This study is a content analysis of seven prominent ukulele instruction YouTube channels examining the following elements: (1) types of videos on channels, (2) musical content included, (3) teaching strategies used in videos and (4) audience engagement. Tutorial videos were the most common type of video produced and viewed across the channels. Musical content was diverse, including 988 unique songs by 545 unique artists, with 79 per cent of songs and 74 per cent of artists appearing on only one channel. The most viewed tutorials often included songs with connections to the ukulele in popular culture. Video characteristics and teaching methods were similar across all channels, and each taught using a direct instruction method. Channels had engaged audiences who actively commented and voted on videos through the YouTube platform. Findings are discussed in connection to prior research on the ukulele, learning on and through YouTube, and media studies.
The Children’s Music Studio: A Reggio-inspired Approach, Wendell Hanna (2016)
Authors: Olesko Beatrice B.
Published: August 2020

Review of: The Children’s Music Studio: A Reggio-inspired Approach, Wendell Hanna (2016)

New York: Oxford University Press, 211 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-19938-479-2, p/bk, $35.00
Pop Music Technology and Creativity: Trevor Horn and the Digital Revolution, Timothy Warner (2003)
Authors: Kladder Jonathan
Published: August 2020

Review of: Pop Music Technology and Creativity: Trevor Horn and the Digital Revolution, Timothy Warner (2003)

Aldershot: Ashgate, 267 pp.,

ISBN-10 978-0-75463-132-3, h/bk
„Örvendezzenek az Egek…”
Authors: Szabó Pál
Published: August 2020

In 1439 in the Council of Ferrara – Florence a new ecclesiastical union came into existence between the Western and Eastern Church by the declaration of papal bull ’Laetentur Caeli’. The aim of the negotiations – according to the Byzantine emperor John VIII – was to create united military and religious strength against the threat of the Ottoman Empire. But in Constantinople the Byzantine Church (monk Mark of Ephesus) put up resistance to the articles, because the delegation of the Byzantines accepted most of western dogmatical principles. This ecclesiastical union had an insignifi cant influence on political events. The possibility and papal idea of planned a new crusade was destroyed by the rivalry of Jagiellonian dynasty and the House of Habsburg for the crowns of Central European kingdoms. This study examines the antecedents of the Council of Ferrara – Florence, including political background and analyses the articles of Laetentur Caeli and finally mentions the question of mixed marriages in the Hungarian Kingdom by regulation of canon law.
Evaluation of the Effects of Health Impact Assessment (Hia) Practice in Monteregie
Authors: Nour Kareen , Brousselle Astrid , Loslier Julie , Lepage Mélanie , Smith Pernelle , Buregeya Jean-Marie
Published: August 2020

This study explores the effects of the collaborative model of health impact assessment (HIA), as deployed in Monteregie (Quebec), on the development, adoption and implementation of municipal projects that include health considerations.

Nine HIA processes were studied in nine territories and 35 individuals were interviewed. Data collection was based on the six steps of contribution analysis, and included document analysis, semi-structured interviews, and on-site observations. The study design is cross-sectional design were every HIA was analysed at least six month after completion. The individuals interviewed where those implicated into the HIA process (no matter at what point of the process). No exclusion criteria were applied considering that all points of view were important for this analysis. The Contribution Analysis (CA) was used to analyze the data.

The study results emerged form by the interviews, the field observations and document analysis. They showed that the HIAs had varying results. First, the actors involved acquired new knowledge. However, the HIAs had little impact in terms of increasing the municipal actors’ awareness of health issues. Rather, it helped them acquire arguments for raising awareness among and convincing their municipal council members of the merits of certain actions and their potential positive impacts on citizens’ health. In fact, the HIAs were generally undertaken by municipal actors already aware of the importance of promoting citizen health. Second, as observed in the document, in a few of the HIAs, some recommendations were integrated into planning documents, but usually, as reported by the actor, the HIA report constituted an additional planning document and was not merged with the original planning documents. Lastly, following the HIAs, document analysis and interviews showed that most of the municipal actors continued to include health considerations in their subsequent planning of public policies and projects.

Prerequisites for effective HIA include the presence of municipal actors, who are aware of the importance of their role in their local population’s health, municipal policies that include health considerations, and the municipality’s active participation in the HIA process.

This study sheds light on the complexity of the factors that ensure HIA impact on municipal decision making and decisions. The particularities of each HIA process play a major role.
Dizygotic pregnancy as a possible mechanism of fetal gestation with a biallel mutation in the CYP11A1 gene: clinical case description
Authors: Kalinchenko Natalia Yu. , Kasyanova Yulia V. , Tiulpakov Anatoly N.
Published: August 2020

One of the variants of congenital dysfunction of the adrenal cortex is a deficiency of the enzyme P450scc, which catalyzes the first stage of steroidogenesis. This is a rare autosomal recessive disease, the classic manifestation of which is primary adrenal insufficiency with a deficiency of gluco-and mineralocorticoids and a violation of the synthesis of sex steroids, which usually leads to a complete lack of masculinization in patients with karyotype 46, XY and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism in both sexes. Previously, it was suggested That p450scc deficiency is incompatible with the normal course of pregnancy, since the enzyme is expressed in the placenta, where it is necessary for the synthesis of progesterone, the main pregnancy hormone, and, consequently, the birth of a child with A p450scc deficiency is impossible. However, the literature describes clinical cases of p450scc deficiency with partially preserved enzyme function, which explains the normal course of pregnancy. Whereas cases of confirmed p450scc deficiency with zero enzyme activity are unique, not being explained until now. We present a description of severe p450scc deficiency in a child born from a dizygotic twin pregnancy in which the second Sib was healthy. It is possible that the preserved hormonal function of the second placenta and (or) treatment with progesterone analogs during gestation contributed to gestation in this rare form of steroidogenesis disorder.
“La dimensión internacional de conflicto armado en Colombia, injerencia de los Estados Unidos, contrainsurgencia y terrorismo de Estado”
Authors: Ávila Rojas Angie , Olaya Salinas Sharon
Published: August 2020

El presente escrito es una reseña de la investigación realizada por el profesor Renán Vega Cantor en el marco de su participación en los diálogos de la Habana-Cuba. Es ante todo una iniciativa de valorar el trabajo intelectual de un docente que forma educadores partiendo de brindar herramientas desde el conocimiento histórico para que las y los educadores mediante sus prácticas de enseñanza y aprendizaje renueven y transformen el conocimiento escolar en el cual se han perpetuado discursos históricos hegemónicos, vedados y excluyentes.
¡Peligro! La defensoría pública defiende a las víctimas del conflicto armado
Authors: Lemus Luis Alejandro
Published: August 2020

Este artículo resultado de investigación, contribuye al diagnóstico y pronósticode un problema jurídico y social, cuya solución también propongo en elcuerpo del mismo. El artículo llega a la conclusión de cómo a las víctimas delconflicto armado colombiano, no se les ha representado en debida forma porparte de la Defensoría del Pueblo, y a consecuencia de ello, no han recibidointegrales indemnizaciones patrimoniales e individuales de conformidad conla teoría del daño y su prueba. Como solución, se propone que los defensoresy defensoras de oficio sigan un sencillo protocolo cuando estén argumentandolos incidentes de reparación integral, ya que si lo hacen, también se beneficiaríanlas víctimas que sean reconocidas en el marco de la futura jurisdicciónespecial para la paz.