bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fazendo divisas em terrenos alheios: um estudo preliminar sobre posse, propriedade da terra e conflitos em intendências municipais no Pará entre fins do século XIX e início do XX
Authors: Esteves Carlos Leandro
Published: January 2020

O Presente artigo tem por objetivo realizar um debate acerca da intensificação dos conflitos por terra no Pará nas primeiras décadas da República. Pretende-se demonstrar que grande parte das disputas por lotes de terras esteve vinculada a denúncias de sobreposição de títulos de posse registrados nas intendências municipais por iniciativa de grandes posseiros, fazendeiros, comerciantes e herdeiros de sesmaria, que agiram como verdadeiros potentados locais em áreas há décadas apossadas por famílias de pequenos posseiros. Trata-se de apontar para uma mudança significativa ocorrida já nos anos iniciais da República: a atribuição dada às câmaras municipais de decidir acerca da questão das terras pertencentes ao seu patrimônio municipal. A análise empreendida busca compreender as relações entre práticas de propriedade, suas múltiplas interpretações à luz das mudanças e continuidades verificadas na passagem do Império para a República no Pará de fins do século XIX, e as ações de pequenos lavradores-posseiros com vistas a assegurar seu direito a permanecer nos lotes de terras onde mantinham posse. Tendo como horizonte teórico-metodológico a realização de uma história social da propriedade, as questões formuladas enquanto problemática de pesquisa foram dirigidas ao cotejamento de um corpus variado de fontes, dentre as quais se destacam: decretos e leis estaduais, notícias e artigos publicados na imprensa, carta de sesmaria, bem como protestos, contraprotestos e abaixo-assinados reproduzidos nas páginas dos jornais do período.
Entrevista com Margarida Sobral Neto, Professora Catedrática de História do Brasil da Universidade de Coimbra
Authors: Machado Marina Monteiro , Alveal Carmen
Published: January 2020

Entrevista para a Revista Maracanan, n. 23 - "História da Propriedade e do Direito de Acesso", jan.-abr. 2020.
Problem solving in type 1 diabetes for primary care nurses
Authors: Morris David
Published: January 2020

David Morris explains some common problems when managing type 1 diabetes
An Explanation of Happiness with Secure Attachment, Basic Psychological Needs and Hope: The Case of Turkish University Students
Authors: Cihangir-Cankaya Zeynep , Denizli Serkan
Published: January 2020

In this study we aimed to investigate the role of hope, secure attachment with the parents, and satisfaction levels of the basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence and relatedness) of university students in predicting their happiness levels. A total of 558 university students were recruited and 70% of them were female and 30% of them were male. Ages of the participants ranged from 18 to 29. The data were collected in classroom settings using personal information form, the Oxford Happiness Scale, the Attachment with the Parents Scale, the Basic Psychological Needs Scale, and the Dispositional Hope Scale. Results indicated that that the satisfaction levels of the competence needs were the most powerful predictor of happiness among university students. The satisfaction levels of autonomy, relatedness needs, and a secure attachment to the father, along with hope contributed little to the explanation of happiness; whereas, a secure attachment to the mother was not a predictor of happiness of the university students. The findings were discussed within the framework of the developmental characteristics of university students and the characteristics of collectivist societies.
Walking the (argumentative) talk using citizen science: involving young people in a critical policy analysis of vaccination policy in Austria
Authors: Paul Katharina T. , Palfinger Thomas
Published: January 2020

Background:

Vaccination policy has grown increasingly polarised, and concerns about vaccination practices are often articulated jointly with fears over declining trust in scientific expertise and the demise of evidence-based policy. This has led to a discursive deadlock in which evidence comes to denote something that is crafted and monopolised by a trained élite, with no role to play for the workings of democracy. Our own methodologies tend to accentuate this epistemic hierarchy, for much qualitative research relies on élite interviews with officials and scientific experts. The introduction of the vaccine against Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), on which we report in this paper, is a case in point.

Objectives and methods:

With this study, we intervene in this discursive and methodological deadlock using unconventional methods: inspired by the participatory spirit of the ‘argumentative turn’ in policy analysis, we experimented with citizen science to produce critical knowledge about HPV policy in Austria and simultaneously intervene in this expert-driven policy discourse. Specifically, we involved adolescents in analysing HPV policy discourse using press releases and a combination of inductive and deductive textual coding.

Findings and conclusions:

Our results point to the sidelining of sexuality and gender in the presentation of scientific evidence on HPV in press releases, and highlight the dominance of the pharmaceutical industry in shaping the political-administrative decision to offer the HPV vaccine to all children in 2014. Our study points to ways of integrating citizen science in the social sciences and contributes to a rethinking of methodologies in qualitative policy analysis.
Exploring the experiences of domestic abuse survivors working in the field of domestic abuse support: assisting recovery or re-victimisation revisited?
Authors: Gilbert Beverley
Published: January 2020

Women’s domestic abuse support services have developed over the past decades with the inclusion of women surviving abuse as practitioners themselves (Mullender and Hague, 2001; Slattery and Goodman, 2009; Bemiller and Williams, 2011). Following a literature review of this area, women ‘survivor support workers’ or ‘peer support/mentors’ have rarely been given the opportunity to articulate what it is that they are gaining personally and the impact in undertaking this emotionally challenging work. This small-scale study considers the voice of women survivors working in the field of domestic abuse support work, affording them the opportunity to explore the benefits and the costs to them as survivors of domestic abuse when working in this practice area. Twelve women ‘survivor support workers’ from five distinct English organisations took part in this research. Qualitative interviews were then analysed thematically within a feminist paradigm. Findings indicate that there are both highly positive aspects for survivors of abuse working in the domestic abuse sector, and equally, that there are areas of risk where re-victimisation and vicarious trauma could occur.
Extending the imaging range through scattering layers to the entire correlation range
Authors: Shi Yaoyao , Liu Youwen , Sheng Wei , Zhu Dabo
Published: January 2020

A method of extending the imaging range through scattering layers around a reference point (RP) is realized. Objects within the entire correlation range of the RP can be totally recovered. By scanning the light source, objects within the memory effect (ME) range of the RP are completely recovered with high quality. By combining the shift of a camera to move the object to the center of observation view, objects far away from the RP are retrieved with an improved signal-to-noise ratio. The extended imaging range is about 3.5 times the ME range and more than 16 times the imaging range with normal static illumination. The RP can be imprecisely placed at a distance from the objects instead of precisely replacing them owing to the extended imaging range. This simple-system method forcefully breaks the limitation of the ME range and is very easy to implement in practical applications, which is meaningful for the research in scattering imaging.
Single-shot measurements by Fresnel diffraction of divergent waves from a phase plate
Authors: Ghoorchi-Beygi Masoud , Dashtdar Masoomeh
Published: January 2020

Recently, Fresnel diffraction (FD) of a plane wave from phase steps has been studied and applied for precise measurements of the light wavelength, and height and refractive index of the step, by changing the angle of incidence or step height to induce phase shifts. In this study, we formulate the FD of cylindrical and spherical wavefronts as 1D and 2D divergent waves from a phase plate. Since the phase difference of the divergent wave varies continuously along the edge of the phase plate, it can be applied for single-shot measurements. It is shown that the diffracted intensity distribution is a periodic function along the lines parallel to the plate edge. The phase distribution in this direction is a linearly varying function of the position squared, with a slope dependent on the light wavelength, plate thickness and refractive index, and the radius of wavefront curvature (RWC) on the observation plane. The diffraction patterns are simulated and experimentally verified. Also, the RWC and displacement are determined as examples of applications in the experimental part of the report.
Low-noise and high-sensitivity Φ-OTDR based on an optimized dual-pulse heterodyne detection scheme
Authors: Ju Zewu , Yu Zhijie , Hou Qingkai , Lou Kang , Chen Mo , Lu Yang , Meng Zhou
Published: January 2020

In this paper, a novel phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (

Φ

-OTDR) based on the optimized dual-pulse heterodyne detection scheme (DHDS) is proposed, which is designed to implement distributed vibration sensing with low phase noise and high sensitivity. The optimized DHDS employs an unbalanced interferometer to separate a light pulse into dual probe pulses so that they are generated by the laser at the same time. This ensures that the measurement sensitivity of a phase-interrogation-based

Φ

-OTDR can be improved simply by increasing the space interval of the dual probe pulses while the phase noise of the

Φ

-OTDR does not deteriorate. In addition, the proposed DHDS utilizes only one acousto-optic modulator (AOM) to shift the frequencies of the dual probe pulses so as to eliminate the effects of frequency shift jitters, and thus guarantees low phase noise level of a

Φ

-OTDR. The distributed vibration sensing performances of the

Φ

-OTDR with the proposed DHDS are theoretically and experimentally studied in terms of multi-event signal restoration and phase noise level. The proposed approach solves the contradiction between the measurement sensitivity and phase noise of a

Φ

-OTDR and promotes the

Φ

-OTDR to the applications of distributed weak vibration sensing.
Designing with very thin optical films
Authors: Willey Ronald R. , Valavičius Audrius , Goldstein Fred T.
Published: January 2020

There is increasing interest in the design of films with thicknesses on the order of 10 nm and less for a variety of applications, such as nanoparticles, plasmonics, quantum dots, solar reflectors, black mirrors, etc. The indices of refraction (

n

and

k

) for the effective media of such coatings depend on the materials with which such “layers” interface and the specific process parameters used to produce those films. The structures may typically be nucleating island structures and may also be continuous films. A key factor is that the

n

and

k

values vary in thickness until some thickness is obtained, usually

>

20

n
m

. Heretofore, to the best of our knowledge, films have not taken into account thickness index variations during the design process. Software has now been developed where the index at a given thickness is computed at each iteration of the design optimization process. This allows more realistic design results utilizing the full representation of the behavior of the layers in question; the resulting coatings, when produced, are in better agreement with the designs. Including

n

and

k

versus wavelength and thickness in the design process is here referred to as double dispersion.
Experimental demonstration of single-sideband, four-level pulse amplitude modulation/direct-detection degenerate mode-division multiplexing transmission based on multiple-input, multiple-output nonlinear equalizer
Authors: Gao Xiang , Xu Bo , Wu Pan , Cai Yuancheng , Qiu Kun
Published: January 2020

We experimentally demonstrate a degenerate mode-division multiplexing transmission system with single-sideband Nyquist pulse-shaped pulse amplitude modulation-4 and direct detection techniques. Hilbert superposition cancellation (HSC) processing is applied to cancel the first-order cross talk at the receiver side. A least mean square Volterra-based multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) nonlinear equalizer (NLE) is used to compensate the second-order distortion. Experimental results show that compared with the MIMO linear equalizer without HSC processing, the MIMO NLE with HSC processing can help improve the bit error rate performance by almost 1 order of magnitude at the received optical power of

−

10

d
B
m

.
Universal DV-CV interaction mechanism for deterministic generation of entangled hybridity
Authors: Podoshvedov Mikhail S. , Podoshvedov Sergey A.
Published: January 2020

We propose a general approach for deterministic generation of the entangled hybrid states consisting of continuous variable (CV) and discrete variable (DV) states. Peculiarity of the interaction of DV and CV states on the beam splitter (BS) is key for the birth of the entangled hybridity provided that some measurement event is registered in auxiliary mode. We show that the CV states forming the output entangled state consist exclusively of either even or odd Fock states. Various input CV states, including the Schrödinger cat state, are tested at the input of the BS, where they mix with delocalized single photons. We show the hybrid entanglement generation is observed at arbitrary values of the experimental parameters used. The degree of the hybrid entanglement is evaluated. Conditions for generating the maximally entangled hybrid states are established.
Association between hypogonadism and reproductive tissue steroid-producing cells antibody in men with positive MAR test IgG and diabetes mellitus type 1
Authors: Rozhivanov Roman V. , Vitiazeva Irina I.
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND: Autoimmune hypogonadism is frequently taped in men with positive direct mixed agglutination reaction antisperm antibodies IgG test (MAR test IgG).
AIMS: Тo assess pathogenetic factor of autoimmune hypogonadism in men with positive MAR test IgG and diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study included 97 patients with positive direct MAR test IgG: 30 men with DM1 and 67 without DM. Assessment included testosterone level and titer of summary reproductive tissue steroid-producing cells antibody (LCA). Statistically significant differences were p0,05.
RESULTS: 43% of men with DM1 have abnormal LCA titer and it was significantly higher than in patients without DM 21%. In both groups testosterone level was significantly lower in men with abnormal LCA titer than in patients with normal antibodies titer. Frequency of hypogonadism in men with abnormal LCA titer was significantly higher than in patients with normal antibodies titer also in both groups. There were no significantly differences of MAR test IgG in patients with normal and abnormal LCA titer.
CONCLUSIONS: Autoimmune hypogonadism is a common complication in men with DM1 and positive MAR test IgG and its strongly associated with high titer of summary reproductive tissue steroid-producing cells antibody.
Combination of active stage of diabetic Charcot neuroosteoarthropathy and diabetic lower limb macroangiopathy
Authors: Demina Anastasia G. , Bregovskiy Vadim B. , Karpova Irina A.
Published: January 2020

Combination of active stage of diabetic Charcot neuroosteoarthropathy and diabetic lower limb macroangiopathy is the rare condition. In the present paper we describe two cases of development of acute Charcot foot in the non-critically ischemic foot. The first case is the patient with previously diagnosed intermitted claudication and the second case is patient who developed the Charcot foot 5 months later after successful endovascular treatment of arterial occlusions of his left lower limb. In both cases the absence of redness in the early stage, the mild-to-moderate pain and mild temperature gradient between affected and non-affected feet were noticed. The clinical course of the Charcot disease in the first patient was favourable. He used walker for 9 months and his foot shape was preserved and deformity was considered as mild. The second patient had more active and profound destructions due to delay of the treatment. He was casted, however his deformity progressed and the treatment continues up to date. In both patients the MRI revealed more affected bones compared with X-ray. These cases emphasize the importance of keeping in mind the Charcot disease even in patients with diabetic peripheral vascular disease.
Condition of bone tissue in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus of Buryat population
Authors: Bardymova Tatiana P. , Mistiakov Maksim V. , Yagelskaya Galina P.
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND: In most countries, there is a rapid increase in the population of patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Bone changes in postmenopausal women with type 2 DM are associated with increased bone mineral density (BMD). The study of metabolic processes in bone tissue in comorbid pathology in different ethnic groups is continuing.
AIMS: To study the concentration of markers of bone remodeling and indicators of BMD in postmenopausal women with type 2 DM of the Buryat population.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-nine postmenopausal women with type 2 DM (22 Russian population and 17 Buryat population) were examined. The comparison group consisted of 42 postmenopausal women (21 Russian population and 21 - Buryat population). The study of BMD in the lumbar spine (L1-L4), the femoral neck (Neck), and the proximal femur (Total hip) was performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Parameters of osteocalcin (OC), type 1 N-terminal procollagen propeptide (P1NP), C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (-Cross laps), 25(OH) vitamin D and ionized calcium were evaluated.
RESULTS: The presented study revealed a simultaneous increase in osteosynthesis: ОС (p=0.048) and P1NP (p=0.016) and in the bone resorption marker -Cross laps (p=0.020) accompanied by the absence of changes in BMD in women with type 2 DM in the postmenopausal period of the Buryat population relative to women with type 2 DM in the postmenopausal state of the Russian population. A decrease in osteosynthesis parameters (ОC, p=0.021; P1NP, p=0.029) with an increase in BMD L1-L4 (p=0.024) and BMD Total hip (p=0.039) in postmenopausal women with type 2 DM of the Buryat population was found relative to the women of the Buryat population in comparison group.
CONCLUSIONS: The state of bone tissue in postmenopausal women with type 2 DM of the Buryat population is characterized by the activation of bone remodeling processes.
Сhronic kidney disease complications in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus after simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation – potential role of oxidative stress and glycation end products
Authors: Larina Irina I. , Severina Anastasia S. , Shamkhalova Minara S. , Egorova Daria N. , Nikankina Larisa V. , Sazonova Natalia I. , Dmitriev Ilya V. , Pinchuk Aleksey V. , Kaabak Michael M. , Shestakova Marina V.
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND: Normoglycaemia in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1DM) after simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPKT) is very interesting in regards to chronic kidney disease (CKD) complications dynamics depending of posttransplantation period and possible targets of potential treatment from the point of view metabolic memory
AIM: To evaluate the relationship between oxidative stress indicators and advanced glycation end products and complications of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in patients with T1DM аnd a long-term history of diabetes decompensation, who reached stable euglycemia after SPKT.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 20 patients with compensation of carbohydrate metabolism after SPKT performed from November 2011 to September 2018. Assessment included examination of complications of ESRD (arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, anemia, mineral and bone disorder) and analysis of "metabolic memory" markers: 3-nitrothyrosine (3-NT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), advanced glycation end products (AGE) and AGE receptor (RAGE). We performed follow-up examination of patients included in the early postoperative period (1st day/week) in 6-12 months after SPKT.
RESULTS: All patients with DM1 duration for 22 [19; 28] years, diabetic nephropathy (DN) 8 [6; 14] years and duration of renal replacement therapy (dialysis) for 3 [1.5; 4] years reached euglycemia (HbA1c 5,5 [5,1; 5,8] %; С-peptide 3,2 [2,45; 3,63] ng/ml) after 6 month of surgical treatment. Despite of stable graft function (estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) CKD-EPI 84 [69; 95] ml/min/1.73m2) 35% of patients still needed antihypertensive therapy, 40% needed treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin (RHuEPO) and 15% ferrotherapy. With vitamin D deficiency, observed in 80% of cases (13.3 [9.3; 18.5] ng/ml), 55% of patients had secondary hyperparathyroidism, 45% osteoporosis. The results of the correlation analysis revealed the association of the state of ESRD target organs with the studied "metabolic memory" markers: oxidative stress and AGE-RAGE system.
CONCLUSIONS: SPKT as the way to achieve compensation of carbohydrate metabolism and uremia does not provide regress of diabetes and complications of ESRD. Analysis of "metabolic memory" markers indicate their direct contribution to the persistence of metabolic consequences of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Found trends need more long-lasting observation and enlargement of study groups.
The effect of vitamin D therapy on inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy
Authors: Stepanova Anna P. , Karonova Tatiana L.
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is multifactorial, and includes increased inflammation. In recent years, the effect of vitamin D therapy on improving the profile of inflammatory parameters has been actively studied.
AIMS: The aim of this study was to assess inflammation markers before and after various doses of cholecalciferol therapy in T2DM with DPN.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Single-center open randomized study included T2DM patients with PDN. Sixty-seven patients were randomized into 2 groups. For 24 weeks Group I have been taking a dosage of cholecalciferol 5,000 IU/week, and Group II a dosage of 40,000 IU/week. At the baseline and in the end of the research there have been studied body mass index (BMI), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), PTH, interleukin-1, -6, -10 (IL), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor - (TNF).
RESULTS: Sixty-two patients completed the study. Group I (n=31, F16), Group II (n=31, F15) were initially compared by age, sex, BMI and НbA1clevel. Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency was detected in 78% of patients with T2DM. After 24 weeks of therapy with cholecalciferol in Group II there was a significant decrease in BMI, HbA1c, IL-6 levels and an increase in IL-10 levels while no changes were found in Group I. There has been established a correlation between the final level of 25(OH)D and IL-6 (r=-0.378, p=0.036), IL-10 (r=0.483, p=0.006), BMI (r=-0.388, p=0.031) and НbA1c(r=-0.388, p=0.031).
CONCLUSION: The intake of cholecalciferol at a dosage of 40,000 IU/week for 24 weeks is associated with a decrease in BMI, improvement of glycemic control and pro-inflammatory markers profile in patients with T2DM with DPN. Study results showed that the normalization of serum 25(OH)D level can be one of the modifying factors for the development and progression of DPN in patients with T2DM.
Hacia un enfoque sostenible de retribución que incluya las expectativas de la población trabajadora
Authors: Anta Callersten Carlos , Martín Rodrigo María José , Núñez Partido Antonio
Published: January 2020

La guerra por el talento está sofisticando las estrategias de las empresas para atraer y fidelizar a los mejores profesionales. En este contexto, la retribución desempeña un papel destacado. Pero igualmente relevante es su significado cuando se habla de crear y/o aumentar la tasa de empleo decente, como enuncia el objetivo de desarrollo sostenible número 8, definido por Naciones Unidas para el 2030. Por ello, se hace pertinente revisar el concepto de retribución para que contribuya a un crecimiento económico más sostenible e inclusivo. Así, teniendo en cuenta las expectativas que la población tiene sobre un trabajo decente, el concepto sobre la retribución se ha ido ampliando desde un enfoque puramente monetario hasta adquirir un significado más amplio que abarca todos los beneficios percibidos por los trabajadores en su relación laboral. En línea con los resultados de algunos estudios realizados al efecto, este trabajo argumenta la conveniencia de incluir dichas expectativas en la definición de las políticas de retribución y, tenerlas en cuenta también, en las decisiones laborales, pues resultan ser altamente motivadoras contribuyendo al aumento de la productividad. Así, tras el análisis de la toma de decisiones en distintas situaciones laborales como la expatriación o, la decisión de cursar un MBA, se argumenta que las expectativas de los trabajadores desempeñan un papel relevante debiendo formar parte de una definición moderna, sostenible e inclusiva de retribución.
Los fundamentos epistemológicos de la transformación digital y sus efectos sobre la Agenda 2030 y los derechos humanos
Authors: Fernández Mateo Joaquín
Published: January 2020

Para comprender los actuales desarrollos tecnológicos es necesario remontarse a sus condiciones de posibilidad. La Cuarta Revolución Industrial se caracteriza por la existencia de máquinas y sistemas interconectados en todo el proceso productivo junto a tecnologías digitales y de la automatización como la Inteligencia Artificial, el Internet of Things o el Big Data. ¿Cómo ha sido posible este proyecto?, ¿Cómo hemos llegado hasta él? ¿Qué consecuencias tiene para la consecución de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible? El viejo ecosistema industrial se esta transformando en un nuevo ecosistema digital. En la fábrica inteligente se aplican nuevos sistemas de comunicación con sistemas ciberfísicos y sensores que facilitan la descentralización y automatización de la toma de decisiones. Al mismo tiempo, la nueva era digital está generando nuevos modelos filosóficos y antropológicos que transforman la visión clásica humanista. El transhumanismo promete potenciar y mejorar la condición humana mediante los avances tecnológicos; ¿sobre qué cosmovisión descansa esta posibilidad? En este nuevo escenario tecnológico, los datos pueden ser utilizados para el control de la conducta, apareciendo formas de vulneración de la privacidad que perfeccionan las ya anunciadas sociedades de control. Esta situación requiere de un replanteamiento de los principios normativos de la nueva era digital. De lo contrario el ODS 5, igualdad de género, o el ODS 16, paz, justicia e instituciones sólidas, no podrán ser alcanzados.
La infancia más vulnerable, un compromiso impostergarble
Authors: Cardozo Salazar Soledad
Published: January 2020

Los ODS han venido para quedarse y las ONG somos un socio clave y un puente necesario entre todos los sectores implicados.Desde Aldeas Infantiles SOS participamos en la elaboración de la Agenda 2030, logrando, junto con otras organizaciones dedicadas a infancia, que los niños que han perdido el cuidado de sus padres o que están en riesgo de perderlo sean tenidos en cuenta.La Agenda 2030 representa una oportunidad para trabajar en red, que para las ONG supone un nuevo desafío. En Aldeas Infantiles SOS hemos alineado el trabajo que desempeñamos en nuestros programas con este desafío, trabajando junto con los diferentes sectores y creando alianzas para poder conseguir un mundo más justo y llegar a muchos más niños.Desde Aldeas Infantiles SOS contribuimos directamente a la consecución de 5 objetivos, pero incidimos también en otros, por la interconexión existente entre los distintos ODS.Además, medimos el resultado que ha tenido y tendrá nuestro trabajo en relación al cumplimiento de los ODS: dado nuestro impacto en las vidas de los exparticipantes, es razonable esperar que los resultados positivos que vemos en ellos igualmente deban verse reflejados en las vidas de los participantes actuales y futuros hasta 2030.A modo ejemplificativo, desde nuestros programas, apoyamos a los niños y jóvenes para que tengan acceso a una educación de calidad y reciban formación en habilidades. Pues bien, el 82% de los exparticipantes han tenido resultados positivos en estas áreas, por lo que podemos esperar también que el 82% de los participantes actuales y futuros sean positivamente impactados en términos de educación y habilidades, lo que supone 5,3 millones de niños hasta 2030.Es evidente, por ello, que invertir en la infancia temprana trae consigo resultados positivos y rentables para las empresas y para la sociedad en su conjunto, pues lo que le suceda en esta etapa de la vida a un niño, determinará su futuro y, por tanto, la base sobre la que se construyen las sociedades.
La comunicación de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible en MAPFRE
Authors: Bazán Cea Clara
Published: January 2020

MAPFRE desarrolla su actividad, principalmente, en el sector asegurador y reasegurador, y está presente en más de 45 países, en los cinco continentes. MAPFRE siempre ha actuado para asumir el compromiso con la sostenibilidad al máximo nivel y por ello, la Agenda 2030 de Naciones Unidas y sus 17 objetivos de desarrollo, forman parte del Plan de Sostenibilidad del Grupo 2019-2021. Atendemos así a dos de los retos de la Agenda, por una parte a su difusión y conocimiento y, por otra, a promover la contribución de las empresas a los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible (ODS). En esta ocasión, nos centramos en cómo MAPFRE ha desarrollado su estrategia de comunicación interna.
KURUMSAL SOSYAL SORUMLULUĞUN TÜKETİCİ TEMELLİ MARKA DENKLİĞİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: URKUT Selin , CENGİZ Emrah
Published: January 2020

İletişim teknolojilerindeki gelişmeler, küreselleşme, sayıları giderek artan çokuluslu işletmeler, baskı grupları gibi başlıca faktörler kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk bilincinin oluşmasına ve yaygınlaşmasına katkıda bulunmuştur. Günümüzde, kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk, marka denkliği oluşturmada bir pazarlama stratejisi olarak kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın ana amacı kurumsal sosyal sorumluluğun tüketici temelli marka denkliğine etkisinin hastane sektöründe incelenmesidir. Bu amaçla, anket formlarında katılımcıların en çok hizmet aldıkları özel hastaneler olarak belirttikleri hastaneler için karşılaştırmalı bir analiz yapılmıştır. Türkiye’deki özel hastanelerin herhangi birinden en az bir kez hizmet almış İstanbul ilindeki 18 yaş ve üzeri katılımcılara yüz yüze görüşme tekniği ile anket uygulanmıştır. Anketler sonucunda elde edilen veriler SPSS 25 programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Hipotezlerin test edilmesinde çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk algısının; algılanan kaliteyi, marka sadakatini, marka farkındalığı/marka çağrışımlarını ve genel tüketici temelli marka denkliğini istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir şekilde etkilediği belirlenmiştir.
Pauline Theology and the African Home: Exploring cultures family and faith in the Global South, Paul and gender in perspect
Authors: Amadi Anthony
Published: January 2020

Not Available
Impact of Informal Activities on Public Secondary School in Ogbomoso, Nigeria
Authors: Odunola Olaitan Olutayo , Akinyode Babatunde Femi
Published: January 2020

Secondary education plays important roles in educational system and serves as link between primary and tertiary education for children to acquire additional knowledge, skills and qualities beyond their primary school level. However, informal activities surround majority of secondary schools in developing nations. Although, informal activities have lot of benefits especially in the areas of employment opportunities and income generation. Nevertheless, this study hypothesize that, the activities generate varieties of social, educational and psychological effects on secondary schools. This study employed quantitative technique through questionnaire administration and qualitative techniques through direct observation and personal interview for data collection within five selected senior secondary schools among 281 respondents. Quantitative data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi-square tests and development of Informal Activities Effect Index (IAEI). On the other hand, qualitative data used content analysis for analysis. The analysis were to assess the impact of informal activities on the public secondary schools. The result reveals that men of middle age majorly engaged in informal activity as possible avenue for employment opportunity and poverty alleviation strategy. However, their location have greater impact on students’ academic performance and becomes nuisance to the public secondary schools environment. The authors suggest enforcement of discipline to maintain educational standard, fencing of the school’s environment and employment of food vendors to prevent sneaking out of students during the school hours. The effectiveness of planning officers at local and state government levels for proper design and implementation of the development plan is inevitable for appropriate development control.
Perceptions And Attitudes of Saudi Arabia University Students Towards Adopting WhatsApp As Students-teachers’ Interactive Tool
Authors: Albloy Amir Mohammed , Mohamed Wijdan Mohieldeen
Published: January 2020

This study was mainly grounded in the researchers’ personal experience of using WhatsApp as an interaction tool in an English classroom. This platform was used to enhance the communicative interaction between the students and their teachers. WhatsApp group was created during the first semester in 2018/2019 at the College of Science and Arts at Najran University - Branch of Sharurah, and the College of Sciences & Arts at Qassim University - Branch of Alasyah. The participants were bachelor degree students of English. The study employed a quantitative exploratory research approach, whereby a questionnaire was distributed to students who used WhatsApp as an interactive tool in their course of study. Data was obtained through a questionnaire with (40) purposively selected students of WhatsApp group. Data were analyzed quantitatively based on the SPSS program. The results show that WhatsApp had a positive effect in enhancing interaction between students and their teachers, WhatsApp makes interaction between teachers & their students easier than in the classroom. As a result, shy students can freely communicate & interact through WhatsApp with each other and their teachers, WhatsApp creates a friendly relationship between students and their teacher, and WhatsApp is an efficient tool of interaction in cases of distant learning. Therefore, student-teacher interaction becomes more effective in WhatsApp than inside the classroom.
The Power of Readiness Theory and the Success of Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD) Peace Process in South Sudan
Authors: KULANG Timothy Tut
Published: January 2020

In this article, the South Sudan conflict will be analyzed by examining the IGAD mediation process between the Government of South Sudan and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army in Opposition (SPLM/A IO). The study will look into factors that prompted the IGAD states to call for an emergency meeting and initiate peace talk just few days after the outbreak of the conflict in December 2013. The study will use the Readiness Theory to examine the factors that pushed the parties to the negotiation table and enable the IGAD to succeed or failed. Although the mediation was somehow shaky characterized with mistrust and suspicion among the parties, The IGAD mediators was also questionable since some of the IGAD states were already perceived has taken part in one way or other. The study will explore two major factors; first the factor that led to the agreement between the parties and the second one will be looking into assumption of readiness theory applicable to this case study. In conclusion, the study will investigate the level of mistrust and suspicion which was very high through out the negotiation and almost failed the talk to the level of parties being coerced to sign an agreement against their will of which government presented number of reservations to the mediator and went unaddressed will in many observers’ opinion was the cause of the July 2016 J1 dog-fight. But the IGAD continue pd pushing for peaceful settlement of the conflict and initiated handshake and face-to-face meetings between the leaders which eventually resulted into the Khartoum revitalized agreement in September 2018. Other arrangements also followed such as the spiritual retreat in Vatican in April 2019, which was attended by almost all leaders, but despite all these, still the motivation is in question and the time will prove this wrong.
Understanding Sciences Through Participatory Research.
Authors: Ramenah Harry
Published: January 2020

The interest for a researcher to follow a participatory research approach compared to a conventional approach is multiple. The aim of this project is to make scientific research accessible to everyone, especially high school students. Our approach is a new concept of learning by doing for high school students that adopt the posture of a researcher to solve a problem presented to them. Students propose working hypotheses, imagine their protocol, experiment, discuss and communicate their results. High school students are supervised by the PhD students and the results from these studies are used for their research work. Currently several French and international Universities have approached us to implement this participatory research.
From Divergence to Convergence: Towards Integration of Cognitive Linguistics and Critical Discourse Analysis in Political Discourse
Authors: WANG QIAN
Published: January 2020

The social turn of cognitive linguistics and cognitive turn of critical discourse analysis breed the opportunity for cognitive linguistics and critical discourse analysis to develop towards a more converging path that integrates both cognitive and social dimensions of language. As known, political discourse is intrinsically persuasive and always informs a power relation with attempts to achieve effectiveness of persuasion. This paper argues that both approaches (Cognitive Linguistics and CDA) are concerned with surfaced evidence of implicit ideologies hidden behind political discourse, so the integration of CL and CDA could extend the research scope for both paradigms on one hand, and provide more powerful explanatory tools to augment our understanding of the intertwined relations between language, cognition and society on the other.
The United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 (Unscr 1325) and The Challenges of Women Participation in Peace Building and Conflict Resolution in Nigeria: Critical Analysis
Authors: Ekpe Dickson E.
Published: January 2020

In 31 October, 2000, the United Nations Security Council adopted and signed SC Resolution 1325 on Women Peace and Security. Resolution 1325 recognizes that civilian, particularly women and children are the worst affected by conflict. Resolution 1325 call for women participation in conflict prevention and resolution initiative, the integration of gender perspective in peace building, peace keeping mission and the protection of women in regions of conflict. The resolution reaffirms the important role of women in the prevention and resolution of conflicts, peace negotiations, peace-building, peace keeping, humanitarian response and in post-conflict reconstruction; stressing the importance of equal participation in peace and security. In Africa, women participation in policy making, peace building and conflict resolution is still faced with setbacks despite the passing of the SCR 1325 two decades ago. Findings from this study has shown that, women have been subjected to domination by men as a result of persisting cultural stereotypes, abuse of religious and traditional practices, patriarchal societal structures in which economic, political and social power are dominated by men while women played the role of followers of male decision-makers.  The study identifies such challenges for a change or reforms them.  The paper reviewed  many of the extant studies on the role and potentials of women in peace building and conflict resolution. Analyzing those challenges inhibiting the participation of women in peace process. The paper adopted the qualitative approach whereby data collected from secondary sources were reviewed, explained and analyzed within the purview of the study. The paper conclude, the views that bringing women into the peace process, as participation of women makes it sustainable and reduces possibility of inadequate outcome or failure of the entire process,  may be an illusion. Unless the women are economically and politically empowered, as one of the outstanding equality of peace-makers or negotiators is the amount of political and economic influence they possessed. Only elite centric gender blind composition of negotiation and peace process team cannot ensure sustainable peace process as there could be no peace with one side so disadvantaged.
Sports And Youth Development Among Universities In The West African Region
Authors: Deemua G. A.
Published: January 2020

In all societies of the world, a virile youth is the bedrock on which national integration and development is predicated. The youths are the background and the building blocks of any nation. Man, today is enjoying lot of luxuries providing by the advanced technological development on one hand and facing lot of physical, mental, emotional, and social problems on the other. Collectively, all these factors affect family life, society and nation adversely in the long run. Further, advancement in recreational gadgets like T.V., Cable T.V., Video-CD games, computer games have made the child to have less interest in physical activity training resulting in some many crimes and delinquencies among children and youths. The nexus between youth and sport is development. Absolutely, sport if properly managed can be used to develop and take the youths out of the street and provide opportunities for youths to learn some of life’s importance lessons for a better youthful society. The focus of this paper is to examine sports as a veritable tool for youth development. It highlighted youths skill development in sports, youths sports involvement and crime control, sports and youth restiveness and youth character development. It also presented the challenges facing the youths in sports. It concluded with recommendations which include harnessing the potential of sports by putting in place policies and programmes that can put our youth on the right path at all levels of education.
Paradigm Lost: A Reasoned Review of the Literature on the Relationship between Ethics and Technological Innovation
Authors: Carignani Andrea , Gemmo Vanessa , Selmi Jacopo
Published: January 2020

In a society incontrovertibly shaped by information and communication technologies, individuals seem to find it increasingly difficult to acquire sufficient awareness of the consequences of their actions, and subsequently, develop a deep sense of ethical, social, and professional responsibility. Focusing on this fundamental aspect of the complex relationship between ethics and technological innovation, which James Moor defined as a “conceptual muddle”, this paper proposes a reasoned, although by no means exhaustive, review of 50 studies that explicitly cite Moor’s work and contribute, albeit with different objectives and methods, to a more in-depth examination of the relationship between ethical evaluations and emerging technologies. The papers considered in this review are distinguished by methodological approach and some particularly relevant and recurrent topics, namely policy vacuum, professional responsibility, ethical education, technological revolution, and privacy.
Optimal government size and economic growth in Spain. Evidences through the Armey Curve (1980-2016).
Authors: Navarro Carlos
Published: January 2020

This study analyzes the effect of public expenditure on economic growth for the Spanish economy, in the period between 1980 and 2016. The Armey curve is used as an analytical tool to describe the relationship between the two variables indicated. The two objectives of this study are check if there is a quadratic relationship of this kind between the two variables for the Spanish economy, as predicted by the model, and there, calculate their optimum. The empirical findings indicate the existence of a significant relationship inverted U-shaped between the two variables in the Spanish economy, obtaining an optimal public expenditure in Spain of 40.07% of GDP, 5.07% lower than the size of the public sector by 2016. Based on these results, an economic policy proposal could be the need to reduce the percentage of public expenditure with the goal of attaining greater efficiency in the Spanish economy.
Listening and feeling doctoral students’ perceptions of their doctoral supervision. The PhD students’ point of view.
Authors: Coutinho Isabel Ribau
Published: January 2020

Doctoral education has been subject to research and analysis by researchers in the last fifty years. Nevertheless, doctoral supervision still a private issue among supervisor and PhD student; if the relationship between them goes wrong, a shadow undermines the doctoral research, hindering student support of others, which may result in attrition and dropout. Breaking this situation, transforming the “private place” in a “public matter”, requires a profound reflection about the doctoral education aim, institutions goals, institution policy, but also a supervisor and PhD students’ perspectives (careers, goals, development, financial support). It is necessary to know, where we want to go, to outline a path to achieve the goals.

During the last three years, doctoral supervision has been studied at Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL). A qualitative case study method was used. This was the first study (a pilot study) that covered all the nine UNL schools, is intended to identify the supervision practices, but also captures a glimpse of doctoral students’ life in the academy, their difficulties, their thoughts and feelings related to doctoral education. The documentary analysis, concerning the institution rules related to doctoral education, was the study first step (already published). The second was the implementation of a survey with closed and open questions to allowed students to express their opinion regarding doctoral education, especially doctoral supervision. During three months, a survey, centred in doctoral supervision, applied online in all schools. This paper aims to describe what was found and what was unexpected in the context of a young university.