bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combination of LIGHT (TNFSF14)-Armed Myxoma Virus Pre-Loaded into ADSCs and Gemcitabine in the Treatment of Experimental Orthotopic Murine Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Jazowiecka-Rakus Joanna , Sochanik Aleksander , Hadryś Agata , Fidyk Wojciech , Chmielik Ewa , Rahman Masmudur M. , McFadden Grant
Published: April 2022

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly neoplasm. Oncolytic viruses have tumorolytic and immune response-boosting effects and present great potential for PDAC management. We used LIGHT-armed myxoma virus (vMyx-LIGHT) loaded ex vivo into human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) to evaluate murine PDAC treatment in conjunction with gemcitabine (GEM). The cytotoxicity of this treatment was confirmed in vitro using human and murine pancreatic cancer cell cultures, which were more sensitive to the combined approach and largely destroyed. Unlike cancer cells, ADSCs sustain significant viability after infection. The in vivo administration of vMyx-LIGHT-loaded ADSCs and gemcitabine was evaluated using immunocompetent mice with induced orthotopic PDAC lesions. The expression of virus-encoded LIGHT increased the influx of T cells to the tumor site. Shielded virus followed by gemcitabine improved tumor regression and survival. The addition of gemcitabine slightly compromised the adaptive immune response boost obtained with the shielded virus alone, conferring no survival benefit. ADSCs pre-loaded with vMyx-LIGHT allowed the effective transport of the oncolytic construct to PDAC lesions and yielded significant immune response; additional GEM administration failed to improve survival. In view of our results, the delivery of targeted/shielded virus in combination with TGF-β ablation and/or checkpoint inhibitors is a promising option to improve the therapeutic effects of vMyx-LIGHT/ADSCs against PDAC in vivo.
Circulating Let-7 Family Members as Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Predicting Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk after Antiviral Treatment among Chronic Hepatitis C Patients
Authors: Tsai Yi-Shan , Huang Ching-I , Tsai Pei-Chien , Yeh Ming-Lun , Huang Chung-Feng , Hsieh Meng-Hsuan , Liu Ta-Wei , Lin Yi-Hung , Liang Po-Cheng , Lin Zu-Yau , Chen Shinn-Cherng , Huang Jee-Fu , Chuang Wan-Long , Dai Chia-Yen , Yu Ming-Lung
Published: April 2022

HCC, a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, is diagnosed at advanced stages. Although antiviral therapy has reduced the risk of HCC among chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients, the risk of HCC remains, thus, highlighting the unmet need for continuous surveillance. Therefore, stable and cost-effective biomarkers, such as circulating microRNAs, must be identified. We aimed to clarify whether serum levels of the Let-7 family can predict HCC risk in patients with CHC using univariate and multivariate Cox’s proportional hazards model. We analyzed the sera of 54 patients with CHC who developed HCC after antiviral therapy and compared the data with those of 173 patients without HCC development. The Let-7 family (except for let-7c) exhibited significant negative correlations with the fibrosis score (r = −0.2736 to −0.34, p = 0.0002 to <0.0001). After Cox’s regression model was used to adjust for age, sex, HCV genotype, and FIB-4 ≥ 3.25, patients with CHC with let-7i median ≥ −1.696 (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.08–0.94, p = 0.0372) in the sustained virologic response (SVR) groups and ≥−1.696 (aHR = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.08–0.94, p = 0.0022) in the non-SVR group were less likely to develop HCC. Thus, circulating let-7i can be used for early CHC surveillance in patients with HCC risk after antiviral treatment.
Spherical ZVI/Mn-C Bimetallic Catalysts for Efficient Fenton-like Reaction under Mild Conditions
Authors: Qin Lu , Yu Xin , Wang Kang , Wang Xitao
Published: April 2022

The heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction has been receiving increasing attention for its inexpensiveness and high efficiency in water treatment. In this study, a novel strategy was proposed for preparing spherical ZVI/Mn-C bimetallic catalysts with a high activity for a Fenton-like reaction by using the ammonium alginate assisted sol–gel method coupled with a carbothermic reduction. The results showed that the obtained ZVI/Mn-C spheres had a uniform size, smooth surface and good sphericity, and the particle size of ZVI was limited to about 30 nm by the carbon layer. Among all catalysts, the ZVI/Mn-C-31 catalyst exhibited the highest phenol degradation efficiency in the Fenton-like process, and almost 100% phenol degradation efficiency was achieved under neutral pH at room temperature within 5 min. Moreover, the ZVI/Mn-C-31/H2O2 system showed a 100% degradation efficiency for removing a wide range of aromatic pollutants, including catechol, resorcinol and o-nitrophenol. Moreover, the radicals-scavenging experiment illustrated that the ·OH played a key factor in mineralizing the organic matters, and the ·O2− generated from the MnO-H2O2 system accelerated the conversion rate of ferric iron to ferrous iron. Due to the synergistic effects between ZVI and MnO, the ZVI/Mn-C-31 catalyst performed excellently in the Fenton-like reaction at an extended pH range.
CFTR Modulation Reduces SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells
Authors: Lotti Virginia , Merigo Flavia , Lagni Anna , Di Clemente Andrea , Ligozzi Marco , Bernardi Paolo , Rossini Giada , Concia Ercole , Plebani Roberto , Romano Mario , Sbarbati Andrea , Sorio Claudio , Gibellini Davide
Published: April 2022

People with cystic fibrosis should be considered at increased risk of developing severe symptoms of COVID-19. Strikingly, a broad array of evidence shows reduced spread of SARS-CoV-2 in these subjects, suggesting a potential role for CFTR in the regulation of SARS-CoV-2 infection/replication. Here, we analyzed SARS-CoV-2 replication in wild-type and CFTR-modified human bronchial epithelial cell lines and primary cells to investigate SARS-CoV-2 infection in people with cystic fibrosis. Both immortalized and primary human bronchial epithelial cells expressing wt or F508del-CFTR along with CRISPR/Cas9 CFTR-ablated clones were infected with SARS-CoV-2 and samples were harvested before and from 24 to 72 h post-infection. CFTR function was also inhibited in wt-CFTR cells with the CFTR-specific inhibitor IOWH-032 and partially restored in F508del-CFTR cells with a combination of CFTR modulators (VX-661+VX-445). Viral load was evaluated by real-time RT-PCR in both supernatant and cell extracts, and ACE-2 expression was analyzed by both western blotting and flow cytometry. SARS-CoV-2 replication was reduced in CFTR-modified bronchial cells compared with wild-type cell lines. No major difference in ACE-2 expression was detected before infection between wild-type and CFTR-modified cells, while a higher expression in wild-type compared to CFTR-modified cells was detectable at 72 h post-infection. Furthermore, inhibition of CFTR channel function elicited significant inhibition of viral replication in cells with wt-CFTR, and correction of CFTR function in F508del-CFTR cells increased the release of SARS-CoV-2 viral particles. Our study provides evidence that CFTR expression/function is involved in the regulation of SARS-CoV-2 replication, thus providing novel insights into the role of CFTR in SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of therapeutic strategies for COVID-19.
Intranasal Administration of Agomir-let-7i Improves Cognitive Function in Mice with Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: He Xuan-Cheng , Wang Jian , Du Hong-Zhen , Liu Chang-Mei , Teng Zhao-Qian
Published: April 2022

Overcoming the lack of drugs for the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) has long been a major challenge for the pharmaceutical industry. MiRNAs have emerged as potential targets for progress assessment and intervention against TBI. The brain-enriched miRNA let-7i has been proposed as an ideal candidate biomarker for TBI, but its regulatory roles in brain injury remain largely unknown. Here, we find that the expression of let-7i is significantly downregulated in the early stages of a hippocampal stab wound injury. The noninvasive intranasal administration of let-7i agomir significantly improves cognitive function and suppresses neuroinflammation, glial scar formation, and neuronal apoptosis in TBI mice. Mechanically, STING is a direct downstream target of let-7i after brain injury. Furthermore, the intranasal delivery of let-7i agomir can also effectively inhibit STING and is beneficial for inflammation resolution and neuronal survival in a mouse model of pial vessel disruption stroke. Consequently, let-7i agomir is a promising candidate for clinical application as a chemically engineered oligonucleotides-based therapeutic for brain injury.
Effects of Soy-Based Infant Formula on Weight Gain and Neurodevelopment in an Autism Mouse Model
Authors: Westmark Cara J. , Filon Mikolaj J. , Maina Patricia , Steinberg Lauren I. , Ikonomidou Chrysanthy , Westmark Pamela R.
Published: April 2022

Mice fed soy-based diets exhibit increased weight gain compared to mice fed casein-based diets, and the effects are more pronounced in a model of fragile X syndrome (FXS; Fmr1KO). FXS is a neurodevelopmental disability characterized by intellectual impairment, seizures, autistic behavior, anxiety, and obesity. Here, we analyzed body weight as a function of mouse age, diet, and genotype to determine the effect of diet (soy, casein, and grain-based) on weight gain. We also assessed plasma protein biomarker expression and behavior in response to diet. Juvenile Fmr1KO mice fed a soy protein-based rodent chow throughout gestation and postnatal development exhibit increased weight gain compared to mice fed a casein-based purified ingredient diet or grain-based, low phytoestrogen chow. Adolescent and adult Fmr1KO mice fed a soy-based infant formula diet exhibited increased weight gain compared to reference diets. Increased body mass was due to increased lean mass. Wild-type male mice fed soy-based infant formula exhibited increased learning in a passive avoidance paradigm, and Fmr1KO male mice had a deficit in nest building. Thus, at the systems level, consumption of soy-based diets increases weight gain and affects behavior. At the molecular level, a soy-based infant formula diet was associated with altered expression of numerous plasma proteins, including the adipose hormone leptin and the β-amyloid degrading enzyme neprilysin. In conclusion, single-source, soy-based diets may contribute to the development of obesity and the exacerbation of neurological phenotypes in developmental disabilities, such as FXS.
Interspecies Diversity of Osmotic Gradient Deformability of Red Blood Cells in Human and Seven Vertebrate Animal Species
Authors: Varga Adam , Matrai Adam Attila , Barath Barbara , Deak Adam , Horvath Laszlo , Nemeth Norbert
Published: April 2022

Plasma and blood osmolality values show interspecies differences and are strictly regulated. The effect of these factors also has an influence on microrheological parameters, such as red blood cell (RBC) deformability and aggregation. However, little is known about the interspecies differences in RBC deformability at various blood osmolality levels (osmotic gradient RBC deformability). Our aim was to conduct a descriptive–comparative study on RBC osmotic gradient deformability in several vertebrate species and human blood. Blood samples were taken from healthy volunteers, dogs, cats, pigs, sheep, rabbits, rats, and mice, to measure hematological parameters, as well as conventional and osmotic gradient RBC deformability. Analyzing the elongation index (EI)–osmolality curves, we found the highest maximal EI values (EI max) in human, dog, and rabbit samples. The lowest EI max values were seen in sheep and cat samples, in addition to a characteristic leftward shift of the elongation index–osmolality curves. We found significant differences in the hyperosmolar region. A correlation of mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration with osmoscan parameters was found. Osmotic gradient deformability provides further information for better exploration of microrheological diversity between species and may help to better understand the alterations caused by osmolality changes in various disorders.
Smarcb1 Loss Results in a Deregulation of esBAF Binding and Impacts the Expression of Neurodevelopmental Genes
Authors: Alfert Amelie , Walter Carolin , Moreno Natalia , Melcher Viktoria , Graf Monika , Hotfilder Marc , Dugas Martin , Albert Thomas , Kerl Kornelius
Published: April 2022

The murine esBAF complex plays a major role in the regulation of gene expression during stem cell development and differentiation. As one of its core subunits, Smarcb1 is indispensable for its function and its loss is connected to neurodevelopmental disorders and participates in the carcinogenesis of entities such as rhabdoid tumours. We explored how Smarcb1 regulates gene programs in murine embryonic stem cells (mESC) and in this way orchestrates differentiation. Our data underline the importance of Smarcb1 expression and function for the development of the nervous system along with basic cellular functions, such as cell adhesion and cell organisation. Using ChIP-seq, we were able to portray the consequences of Smarcb1 knockdown (kd) for the binding of esBAF and PRC2 as well as its influence on histone marks H3K27me3, H3K4me3 and H3K27ac. Their signals are changed in gene and enhancer regions of genes connected to nervous system development and offers a plausible explanation for changes in gene expression. Further, we describe a group of genes that are, despite increased BAF binding, suppressed after Smarcb1 kd by mechanisms independent of PRC2 function.
Role of Estrogens in Menstrual Migraine
Authors: Nappi Rossella , Tiranini Lara , Sacco Simona , De Matteis Eleonora , De Icco Roberto , Tassorelli Cristina
Published: April 2022

Migraine is a major neurological disorder affecting one in nine adults worldwide with a significant impact on health care and socioeconomic systems. Migraine is more prevalent in women than in men, with 17% of all women meeting the diagnostic criteria for migraine. In women, the frequency of migraine attacks shows variations over the menstrual cycle and pregnancy, and the use of combined hormonal contraception (CHC) or hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can unveil or modify migraine disease. In the general population, 18–25% of female migraineurs display a menstrual association of their headache. Here we present an overview on the evidence supporting the role of reproductive hormones, in particular estrogens, in the pathophysiology of migraine. We also analyze the efficacy and safety of prescribing exogenous estrogens as a potential treatment for menstrual-related migraine. Finally, we point to controversial issues and future research areas in the field of reproductive hormones and migraine.
GABAA and Glycine Receptor-Mediated Inhibitory Synaptic Transmission onto Adult Rat Lamina IIi PKCγ-Interneurons: Pharmacological but Not Anatomical Specialization
Authors: El Khoueiry Corinne , Alba-Delgado Cristina , Antri Myriam , Gutierrez-Mecinas Maria , Todd Andrew J. , Artola Alain , Dallel Radhouane
Published: April 2022

Mechanical allodynia (pain to normally innocuous tactile stimuli) is a widespread symptom of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Spinal or medullary dorsal horn (SDH or MDH) circuits mediating tactile sensation and pain need to interact in order to evoke mechanical allodynia. PKCγ-expressing (PKCγ+) interneurons and inhibitory controls within SDH/MDH inner lamina II (IIi) are pivotal in connecting touch and pain circuits. However, the relative contribution of GABA and glycine to PKCγ+ interneuron inhibition remains unknown. We characterized inhibitory inputs onto PKCγ+ interneurons by combining electrophysiology to record spontaneous and miniature IPSCs (sIPSCs, mIPSCs) and immunohistochemical detection of GABAARα2 and GlyRα1 subunits in adult rat MDH. While GlyR-only- and GABAAR-only-mediated mIPSCs/sIPSCs are predominantly recorded from PKCγ+ interneurons, immunohistochemistry reveals that ~80% of their inhibitory synapses possess both GABAARα2 and GlyRα1. Moreover, nearly all inhibitory boutons at gephyrin-expressing synapses on these cells contain glutamate decarboxylase and are therefore GABAergic, with around half possessing the neuronal glycine transporter (GlyT2) and therefore being glycinergic. Thus, while GABA and glycine are presumably co-released and GABAARs and GlyRs are present at most inhibitory synapses on PKCγ+ interneurons, these interneurons exhibit almost exclusively GABAAR-only and GlyR-only quantal postsynaptic inhibitory currents, suggesting a pharmacological specialization of their inhibitory synapses.
Ubiquitin Proteasome System and Microtubules Are Master Regulators of Central and Peripheral Nervous System Axon Degeneration
Authors: Cartelli Daniele , Cavaletti Guido , Lauria Giuseppe , Meregalli Cristina
Published: April 2022

Axonal degeneration is an active process that differs from neuronal death, and it is the hallmark of many disorders affecting the central and peripheral nervous system. Starting from the analyses of Wallerian degeneration, the simplest experimental model, here we describe how the long projecting neuronal populations affected in Parkinson’s disease and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathies share commonalities in the mechanisms and molecular players driving the earliest phase of axon degeneration. Indeed, both dopaminergic and sensory neurons are particularly susceptible to alterations of microtubules and axonal transport as well as to dysfunctions of the ubiquitin proteasome system and protein quality control. Finally, we report an updated review on current knowledge of key molecules able to modulate these targets, blocking the on-going axonal degeneration and inducing neuronal regeneration. These molecules might represent good candidates for disease-modifying treatment, which might expand the window of intervention improving patients’ quality of life.
Autophagy in Rheumatic Diseases: Role in the Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: Celia Alessandra Ida , Colafrancesco Serena , Barbati Cristiana , Alessandri Cristiano , Conti Fabrizio
Published: April 2022

Autophagy is a lysosomal pathway for the degradation of damaged proteins and intracellular components that promotes cell survival under specific conditions. Apoptosis is, in contrast, a critical programmed cell death mechanism, and the relationship between these two processes influences cell fate. Recent evidence suggests that autophagy and apoptosis are involved in the self-tolerance promotion and in the regulatory mechanisms contributing to disease susceptibility and immune regulation in rheumatic diseases. The aim of this review is to discuss how the balance between autophagy and apoptosis may be dysregulated in multiple rheumatic diseases and to dissect the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and Sjögren’s syndrome. Furthermore, to discuss the potential capacity of currently used disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) to target and modulate autophagic processes.
Integrin-Mediated Adhesion Promotes Centrosome Separation in Early Mitosis
Authors: Kamranvar Siamak A. , Gupta Deepesh Kumar , Wasberg Anishia , Liu Liangwen , Roig Joan , Johansson Staffan
Published: April 2022

Integrin-mediated adhesion to the extracellular matrix is a key regulator of the cell cycle, as demonstrated for the passage of the G1/S checkpoint and the completion of cytokinetic abscission. Here, integrin-dependent regulation of the cell cycle in G2 and early M phases was investigated. The progression through the G2 and M phases was monitored by live-cell imaging and immunofluorescence staining in adherent and non-adherent fibroblast cells. Non-adherent cells, as well as adherent cells lacking FAK activity due to suppressed expression or pharmacological inhibition, exhibited a prolonged G2 phase and severely defect centrosome separation, resulting in delayed progress through the early mitotic stages. The activation of the critical mitotic regulator PLK1 and its indirect target Eg5, a kinesin-family motor protein driving the centrosome separation, were reduced in the cells lacking FAK activity. Furthermore, the absence of integrin adhesion or FAK activity destabilized the structural integrity of centrosomes and often caused detachment of pericentriolar material from the centrioles. These data identify a novel adhesion-dependent mechanism by which integrins via FAK and PLK1 contribute to the regulation of the cell cycle in the G2 and early M phases, and to the maintenance of genome integrity.
Experiences of Academics Working from Home during COVID-19: A Qualitative View from Selected South African Universities
Authors: Iwu Chux Gervase , Okeke-Uzodike Obianuju E. , Anwana Emem , Iwu Charmaine Helena , Esambe Emmanuel Ekale
Published: April 2022

The continuing crisis caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak has raised significant challenges for the higher education community globally. In South Africa, the government-forced lockdown measures and social distancing containment policy changed working arrangements across sectors and organisations. As a result, academics were forced to work from home (WFH), a task for which they were hardly prepared. Several researchers have engaged the WFH situation of academics to understand the relationship between WFH and productivity. As far as we know, very few studies have tried to describe academics’ WFH experiences in relation to the challenges, including determining possible ways of improving their satisfaction with working from home. We examine in this article the experiences of academics working from home across selected universities in South Africa. Using a qualitative approach and applying Atlas.ti for data analysis, our findings show that working from home in academia is a daunting task requiring extensive organisational, personal, and social adjustments. The population comprised all academics irrespective of any demographic or personality characteristic within the management faculty of the participating universities to secure the anonymity of the respondents. Five themes—inability to adapt, lack of a home office, loneliness and isolation, inability to balance family and work, and improving satisfaction with work from home—were identified as significant variables from the participants’ responses. Our analysis suggests that organisations need to customise approaches to engage with the experiences of academics who work from home during COVID-19 and to develop fit-for-purpose support for these academics. The study contributes to the growing research exploring the relationship between COVID-19 lockdown and work in higher education.
Electrochemical Synthesis-Dependent Photoelectrochemical Properties of Tungsten Oxide Powders
Authors: Tsarenko Anastasia , Gorshenkov Mikhail , Yatsenko Aleksey , Zhigunov Denis , Butova Vera , Kaichev Vasily , Ulyankina Anna
Published: April 2022

A rapid, facile, and environmentally benign strategy to electrochemical oxidation of metallic tungsten under pulse alternating current in an aqueous electrolyte solution was reported. Particle size, morphology, and electronic structure of the obtained WO3 nanopowders showed strong dependence on electrolyte composition (nitric, sulfuric, and oxalic acid). The use of oxalic acid as an electrolyte provides a gram-scale synthesis of WO3 nanopowders with tungsten electrochemical oxidation rate of up to 0.31 g·cm−2·h−1 that is much higher compared to the strong acids. The materials were examined as photoanodes in photoelectrochemical reforming of organic substances under solar light. WO3 synthesized in oxalic acid is shown to exhibit excellent activity towards the photoelectrochemical reforming of glucose and ethylene glycol, with photocurrents that are nearly equal to those achieved in the presence of simple alcohol such as ethanol. This work demonstrates the promise of pulse alternating current electrosynthesis in oxalic acid as an efficient and sustainable method to produce WO3 nanopowders for photoelectrochemical applications.
Composite Electrodes Based on Carbon Materials Decorated with Hg Nanoparticles for the Simultaneous Detection of Cd(II), Pb(II) and Cu(II)
Authors: Fernández Laia L. , Bastos-Arrieta Julio , Palet Cristina , Baeza Mireia
Published: April 2022

Monitoring water quality has become a goal to prevent issues related to human health and environmental conditions. In this sense, the concentration of metal ions in water sources is screened, as these are considered persistent contaminants. In this work, we describe the implementation of customized graphite electrodes decorated with two types of Hg nanoparticles (Hg-NPs), optimized toward the electrochemical detection of Cd, Pb and Cu. Here, we combine Hg, a well-known property to form alloys with other metals, with the nanoscale features of Hg-NPs, resulting in improved electrochemical sensors towards these analytes with a substantial reduction in the used Hg amount. Hg-NPs were synthesized using poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride (PDDA) in a combined role as a reducing and stabilizing agent, and then appropriately characterized by means of Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Zeta Potential. The surface of composite electrodes with optimized graphite content was modified by the drop-casting of the prepared Hg-NPs. The obtained nanocomposite electrodes were morphologically characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and electrochemically by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that the Hg-NP-modified electrodes present better responses towards Cd(II), Pb(II) and Cu(II) detection in comparison with the bare graphite electrode. Analytical performance of sensors was evaluated by square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV), obtaining a linear range of 0.005–0.5 mg·L−1 for Cd2+, of 0.028–0.37 mg·L−1 for Pb2+ and of 0.057–1.1 mg·L−1 for Cu2+. Real samples were analyzed using SWASV, showing good agreement with the recovery values of inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) measurements.
Prevention and Treatment of Oral Complications in Hematologic Childhood Cancer Patients: An Update
Authors: Ferrández-Pujante Alba , Pérez-Silva Amparo , Serna-Muñoz Clara , Fuster-Soler José Luis , Galera-Miñarro Ana Mª , Cabello Inmaculada , Ortiz-Ruiz Antonio J.
Published: April 2022

Cancers have a highly negative impact on the quality of life of paediatric patients and require an individualised oral treatment program for the phases of the disease. The aim of this study was to update existing research on oral care in children diagnosed with cancer. We carried out a literature search (in English, Spanish and Portuguese) in the Pubmed, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, WOS, SciELO, Lilacs, ProQuest, and SCOPUS databases and the websites of hospitals that treat childhood cancers. We found 114 articles and two hospital protocols. After review, we describe the interventions necessary to maintain oral health in children with cancer, divided into: phase I, before initiation of cancer treatment (review of medical record and oral history, planning of preventive strategies and dental treatments); phase II, from initiation of chemo-radiotherapy to 30–45 days post-therapy (maintenance of oral hygiene, reinforcement of parent/patient education in oral care, prevention and treatment of complications derived from cancer treatment); phase III, from 1 year to lifetime (periodic check-ups, maintenance, and reinforcement of oral hygiene, dental treatments, symptomatic care of the effects of long-term cancer treatment). The use of standardised protocols can avoid or minimise oral cancer complications and the side effects of cancer therapies.
Does Neonatal Sepsis Independently Increase Neurodevelopmental Impairment?
Authors: Bhat Vishwanath , Bhandari Vineet
Published: April 2022

Editorial Comment on: Short- and long- term neurodevelopmental outcomes of very preterm infants with neonatal sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis [...]
Thymoquinone (TQ) Inhibits Inflammation and Migration of THP-1 Macrophages: Mechanistic Insights into the Prevention of Atherosclerosis Using In-Vitro and In-Silico Analysis
Authors: Huwait Etimad , Al-Gharawi Nouf , Al-Ghamdi Maryam A. , Gari Mamdooh , Prola Alexandre , Natesan Pushparaj Peter , Kalamegam Gauthaman
Published: April 2022

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease mediated by interferon (IFN-γ) in concert with cell adhesion molecules and chemokines. Thymoquinone (TQ), a flavonoid derived from Nigella sativa, is reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cardiovascular protective properties. We evaluated the effects of TQ on the key pathogenic stages of atherosclerosis, including cell viability, inflammatory gene expression, cell migration, and cholesterol efflux, on human THP-1 macrophages in-vitro. Moreover, in-silico analysis was performed to predict the molecular targets and signaling mechanisms. We demonstrated that TQ treatment had no effect on cell viability and decreased the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) in response to IFN-γ. In addition, we have also demonstrated that the THP-1 cell migration was inhibited by TQ in the absence or presence of MCP-1. Thymoquinone had no effect on cholesterol efflux from monocytes. In-silico analysis also identified several putative targets for TQ that are associated with inflammatory diseases and associated signaling pathways. Collectively, these results suggest that TQ has anti-inflammatory effects and may be a potential nutraceutical candidate for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
Dysregulation of miR-21-5p, miR-93-5p, miR-200c-3p and miR-205-5p in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Potential Biomarkers Panel?
Authors: Aghiorghiesei Ovidiu , Zanoaga Oana , Raduly Lajos , Aghiorghiesei Alexandra Iulia , Chiroi Paul , Trif Andrada , Buiga Rares , Budisan Liviuta , Lucaciu Ondine , Pop Laura Ancuta , Braicu Cornelia , Campian Radu , Berindan-Neagoe Ioana
Published: April 2022

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is considered the sixth most common cancer worldwide. To reduce the high mortality of the disease, sensitive and specific diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are urgently needed. Non-coding RNA, microRNAs (miRNAs), which are short length non-coding transcripts, or long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) seem to be potential biomarkers, considering that they have an important role in regulation of cell fate being involved in a wide range of biological processes. Literature data emphasized the important role of these transcripts as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore, we have evaluated the expression levels of a panel of four miRNAs (miR-21-5p, miR-93-5p, miR-200c-3p and miR-205-5p) and H19, MALAT1 by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) from 33 fresh frozen tissues and 33 normal adjacent tissues. Our date revealed miR-21-5p and miR-93-5p to be upregulated, while miR-200c-3p and miR-205-5p to be downregulated. Regarding the long non-coding RNAs, H19 and MALAT1, were also downregulated. We also investigated the expression of BCL2, which is another important gene correlated to non-coding RNAs investigated by as, and it was also under-expressed. Additional validation step at protein level was done for KI67, TP53 and BCL2. In our patient cohort no correlation with clinical stage and smoking status was observed. The results of the present study indicated the important role of miR-21-5p, miR-93-5p, miR-200c-3p, miR-205-5p and H19 in OSCC. Differential expression of these transcripts at sub-sites, may serve as a diagnostic marker with further elaboration on a larger sample size. Additional studies should be conducted to confirm the results, particularly the interconnection with coding and non-coding genes.
Clean Technologies for Production of Valuable Fractions from Sardine Cooking Wastewaters: An Integrated Process of Flocculation and Reverse Osmosis
Authors: Pereira Maria João , Grosjean Oceane , Pintado Manuela , Brazinha Carla , Crespo João
Published: April 2022

The increase in environmental consciousness and stricter regulations has motivated industries to seek sustainable technologies that allow valorising wastewaters, contributing to the profitability of overall processes. Canning industry effluents, namely sardine cooking wastewater, have a high organic matter load, containing proteins and lipids. Their untreated discharge has a negative environmental impact and an economic cost. This work aims to design an integrated process that creates value with the costly sardine cooking wastewater effluent. The research strategy followed evaluates coagulation/flocculation technologies as pre-treatment of the sardine cooking wastewater followed by reverse osmosis. Two different added-value products were obtained: a solid fraction rich in proteins, lipids (above 20%), and aromas that might be used for feed/pet/aquaculture applications and, from the processing of the resultant aqueous stream by reverse osmosis, a natural flavouring additive, which can be applied in food/feed. Additionally, the permeate from reverse osmosis presents a much lower organic load than the original raw material, which may be reused in the overall process (e.g., as water for washings) or discharged at a lower cost, with environmental benefits and economic savings.
Hypothetical Mechanism of Skin Argyria
Authors: Burmistrov Vasily , Burmistrov Alexander , Odegova Galina , Pestryakov Alexey , Luna-Vázquez-Gómez Roberto , Bogdanchikova Nina
Published: April 2022

Introduction. Argyria is an acquired skin condition that appears after the exposure or consumption of silver, leading to blue or grey coloration of the skin and mucosa. The aim of the present work was to draw researchers’ attention to two aspects of the argyria that until now have not received enough consideration. They are: (1) the process of delivering silver compound from the gastrointestinal tract to the skin and (2) the possibility for silver chloride to participate in this process along with the silver proteinates. Methodology. Illustrative experiments included the observation of color change (visual and using UV-Vis spectrometry) under different light exposure conditions of silver chloride sol in a sweat-simulating solution, in vials and under pig skin (in direct contact). Results and Discussion. A hypothetical mechanism based on a perspiration system for delivering the silver compounds from the gastrointestinal tract to the skin for argyria was proposed. It was also proposed not to completely exclude the partial participation of silver chloride along with the silver proteinates in this process.
Effects of the Substitution of 20% Nd for La or Doping with 20% C on the Magnetic Properties and Magnetocaloric Effect in LaFe11.5Si1.5 Compound
Authors: Zhang Dengkui , Wu Zhisheng , Li Yan , Wang Ruirui
Published: April 2022

The effects of element substitution and element doping on the magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect of the LaFe11.5Si1.5 compound were investigated. The crystals of the LaFe11.5Si1.5, La0.8Nd0.2Fe11.5Si1.5, and LaFe11.5Si1.5C0.2 compounds all showed cubic NaZn13-type structures, but the lattice of the La0.8Nd0.2Fe11.5Si1.5 shrank and the lattice of the LaFe11.5Si1.5C0.2 expanded. All three compounds had the characteristic of first-order magnetic transition due to the obvious itinerant-electron metamagnetic (IEM) transition occurring above Curie temperature (TC). For the LaFe11.5Si1.5, La0.8Nd0.2Fe11.5Si1.5, and LaFe11.5Si1.5C0.2 compounds, the TC were approximately 194 K, 188 K, and 232 K, respectively. Meanwhile, the maximum magnetic entropy changes (−ΔSM) under a magnetic field change of 0–3 T were approximately 18.7 J/kg·K, 22.8 J/kg·K, and 16.4 J/kg·K, respectively. The TC was mainly affected by the lattice constant. Furthermore, the −ΔSM was mainly affected by the latent heat of the first-order magnetic transition.
Microstructure and Properties of Hydroxyapatite Coatings Made by Aerosol Cold Spraying–Sintering Technology
Authors: Kubicki Grzegorz , Leshchynsky Volf , Elseddawy Ahmed , Wiśniewska Maria , Maev Roman G. , Jakubowicz Jarosław , Sulej-Chojnacka Joanna
Published: April 2022

Hydroxyapatite is a widely used material used for the bioactivation of an implant’s surface. A promising hydroxyapatite coating approach is the kinetic deposition of powder particles. The possibility of solid-state deposition improvement through the merging of Aerosol Deposition and Low Pressure Cold Spraying techniques is a promising prospect for improving the deposition efficiency and the quality of coatings. The objective of the paper is to study the possibilities of hydroxyapatite coating structure modification through changes in the coating process and post-heat treatment. The novel Aerosol Cold Spraying system joining Low Pressure Cold Spraying and Aerosol Deposition was used for the deposition of coatings. The coating’s post-processing was conducted using two techniques: Spark Plasma Sintering and Pressureless Sintering. The coating’s structure was examined using scanning, transmission, and light microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Substrate–coating bond strength was assessed using a tensile test. Homogenous buildup using Aerosol Cold Spraying of hydroxyapatite was achieved. Various pores and microcracks were visible in the sprayed coatings. The deposition process and the thermal post-processing did not lead to significant degradation of the hydroxyapatite phase. As a result of the Spark Plasma Sintering and Pressureless Sintering at 800 °C, an increase in tensile adhesion bond strength and crystal size was obtained.
The Theoretical Basis of Face Contact Pressure Design of the Zero-Leakage Mechanical Seal
Authors: Zheng Wei , Sun Jianjun , Ma Chenbo , Yu Qiuping
Published: April 2022

The value of face contact pressure has an important influence on the wear life and leakage rate of the mechanical seal. For a long time, people have chosen face contact pressure based on experience and lack of theoretical support, which greatly reduces the effectiveness of the mechanical seal. Based on the percolation theory, the critical porosity of zero-leakage at the wetting and non-wetting sealing interface working in liquid medium is first discussed. The influence of end-face frictional heat on end-face friction and wear is then investigated. The design criteria for the face contact pressure of mechanical seals with zero-leakage and long-life operation are established. Afterwards, the face contact pressure range of the mechanical seal working in conventional different liquid medium is calculated, and the influence of different working conditions on the face contact pressure range change is analyzed. Existing studies have shown that mechanical seals can achieve zero-leakage and long-life operation. Under the rotating and stationary rings’ physical parameters and given working conditions, the face contact pressure range of the sealing medium water and propane propylene is 0.477~1.132 MPa. The diesel sealing medium has a larger face contact pressure range than that of water and propane propylene, which can reach 0.477~2.183 MPa. The working condition speed, medium temperature, and medium pressure have an influence on the face contact pressure range, while the influence of the working condition speed is the most significant.
Eco-Friendly In Situ ZnO Synthesis on PET Fabric Using Oxygen Plasma and Plant Waste
Authors: Verbič Anja , Brenčič Katja , Primc Gregor , Mozetič Miran , Gorjanc Marija
Published: April 2022

This study presents an eco-friendly protocol for the hydrophilization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric and the in situ synthesis of ZnO particles. The alkaline medium and reducing agent for ZnO synthesis were prepared as aqueous extracts from wood ash and pomegranate peel, respectively. Due to the hydrophobic nature of the PET fabric, oxygen plasma treatment was included in the process. The influence of plasma treatment in different synthesis steps on the formation of ZnO and consequently on the morphological, colour and ultraviolet (UV) protective properties of the samples was discussed. The study showed that incorporating oxygen plasma treatment before immersing the samples in each solution for the ZnO in situ synthesis (natural alkaline medium of wood ash, zinc salt and natural reducing agent from pomegranate peel) produced PET fabric with the most uniform ZnO layer without visible cracks and the highest UV-blocking ability with a UV protection factor (UPF) of 300+. The colour measurements showed that increasing the number of plasma treatments leads to higher colour strength of the samples. Herein, a novel protocol for the production of protective PET fabrics is presented, which is also an example of a completely environmentally benign textile functionalization process.
Osmotic Message-Oriented Middleware for Internet of Things
Authors: Gamal Islam , Abdel-Galil Hala , Ghalwash Atef
Published: April 2022

IoT is a trending computational concept that converts almost everything in modern life into a smart thing in various innovational and outstanding approaches. Smart homes, connected cities, autonomous vehicles, industrial automation, and smart healthcare that allows doctors to perform a patient examination and enable executing a remote surgery are now applicable through the smart connected things. Moreover, the recent IoT analytics report expects the universal number of connected IoT things to grow by 9%, to 12.3 billion operating terminals. It is expected that there will be more than 27 billion IoT live connections by 2025. In this paper, we present osmotic message-oriented middleware, introducing an end-to-end IoT platform to federate the dynamic orchestration process of resources across different heterogeneous types of devices belonging to physical and virtual infrastructures (e.g., edge, fog, and cloud layers); the orchestration process follows the osmotic computing concepts represented as the self-adaptive MAPE-K model, which maintains/adopts itself on the runtime through feedback loops from the provisioning engine, which collects the node’s hardware and software performance matrices. Accordingly, the orchestration process utilizes the optimized dynamic Hungarian algorithm to solve the MELs’ assignment problem based on the vibrant runtime provisioning data. The implemented middleware prototype is tested on both simulated and real-life environments to validate the architecture hypothesis of running an efficient, robust, elastic, and cost-efficient end-to-end osmotic IoT ecosystem, which unlocks a new implementation model for the IoT numerous domains.
Baloxavir Marboxil Polymorphs: Investigating the Influence of Molecule Packing on the Dissolution Behavior
Authors: Zhou Xinbo , Yu Kaxi , Liu Jiyong , Jin Zhiping , Hu Xiurong
Published: April 2022

Baloxavir marboxil (BXM) is a new blockbuster FDA-approved anti-influenza virus agent. However, its poor solubility has limited its oral bioavailability. In this study, BXM was crystallized from several organic solvents, obtaining three polymorphs, and their dissolution behaviors were studied. Detailed crystallographic examination revealed that Form I is monoclinic, space group P21, with unit cell parameters a = 7.1159 (3) Å, b = 20.1967 (8) Å, c = 9.4878 (4) Å, β = 109.033 (1)°, V = 1289.02 (9) Å3, and Z = 2, and Form II is monoclinic, space group P21, with unit cell parameters a = 7.1002 (14) Å, b = 39.310 (7) Å, c = 9.7808 (18) Å, β = 110.966 (5)°, V = 2549.2 (8) Å3, and Z = 4. Form I has a rectangular three-dimensional energy frameworks net, while Form II has a two-dimensional net. On the other hand, Form II has a much larger percentage of its surface area of exposed hydrogen bond acceptors than Form I. These crystallographic features offered increased solubility and dissolution rate to Form II. The results of stability and solubility experiments suggest that Form II may be preferred in the solid form used for the industrial preparation of BXM medicinal products.
Microwave-Absorbing Properties of PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3-PbZrO3-PbTiO3-PbGeO3 (PMN-PZT-PG) Solid Solutions on a Microstrip Line in the Microwave Range
Authors: Astafev Pavel , Pavelko Aleksey , Lerer Alexander , Reizenkind Jakov , Noykin Yuvenaliy , Reznichenko Larisa
Published: April 2022

In this paper, a brief review of the current state of research on ferroelectric, ferromagnetic, and multiferroic materials in the microwave range is given, and the main research methods are described. The main areas of application of functional materials in radio electronics are outlined. Multicomponent ferroelectric media based on ferroelectric (PbTiO3), antiferroelectric (PbZrO3), and relaxors (PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3) are considered promising radio-absorbing materials. A method for comparing the electrical parameters of samples using a microstrip line and a network analyzer is described in detail, in which cylindrical samples were placed on a microstrip line. The measurements were carried out in the frequency range 10 MHz–20 GHz. Based on the frequency dependences of the S parameters, the relationships between the resonant frequencies of the samples and their composition were determined. The frequency dependences of the absorption coefficient were calculated for materials of various compositions. For each composition, the effective absorption band was calculated, and a pattern of its distribution over the concentrations of the system components was plotted. For empty areas of the phase diagram, interpolation was performed using the obtained results, which made it possible to obtain a qualitative idea of the radio-absorbing properties of the entire system. It was revealed that the compositions with the greatest variety of different phases had the widest absorption band. The results obtained will help in future research and composition selection for further development of microwave devices such as dielectric resonators, filters, and attenuators.
Luminescent Color-Adjustable Europium and Terbium Co-Doped Strontium Molybdate Phosphors Synthesized at Room Temperature Applied to Flexible Composite for LED Filter
Authors: Jung Jae-Yong
Published: April 2022

In this study, terbium and europium rare-earth ions were single-doped and co-doped to synthesized SoMoO4 phosphor at room temperature. The samples prepared synthesized crystalline SrMoO4 powder by the co-precipitation. Samples had a tetragonal structure in XRD analysis and d(112) spacing was changed by rare-earth doping. As the amount of rare earth added increased, a secondary phase appeared, and the structure changed. The synthesized SrMoO4:Tb3+ phosphors showed a green light emission at 544 nm under 287 nm, SrMoO4:Eu3+ phosphors showed a red light emission at 613 nm under 290 nm, and SrMoO4:[Eu3+]/[Tb3+] phosphor showed a yellow-white light emission at 544 and 613 nm when excited at 287 nm. The synthesized phosphor exhibited a change in green and red luminescence intensity based on the amount of Eu3+ doped and showed strong red luminescence as the Eu3+ doping increased. To use the SrMoO4:[Eu3+]/[Tb3+] phosphor with these characteristics in an LED color filter, a flexible composite prepared by mixing with PDMS showed green, red, and yellow-white emission under a UV-lamp.