bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, DNA‐PK Inhibitory, anti‐Platelet Activity Studies of 2‐(N‐Substituted‐3‐aminopyridine)‐substituted‐1,3‐benzoxazines and DNA‐PK and PI3K Inhibition, Homology Modelling Studies of 2‐Morpholino‐(7,8‐di and 8‐substituted)‐1,3‐benzoxazines.
Authors: Ihmaid Saleh K. , Al‐Rawi Jasim M. A. , Bradley Christopher J. , Angove Michael J. , Robertson Murray N.
Published: March 2013

A small library of novel 1,3‐benzoxazine derivatives is prepared and the DNA‐PK, PI3K, and platelet inhibitory activity of these substances is evaluated.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of 4‐(10H‐Phenothiazin‐2‐yl)‐pyrimidin‐2(1H)‐one/thione Derivatives.
Authors: Bansode Tanaji N. , Meshram Gangadhar A.
Published: March 2013

Reaction of urea or thiourea derivatives with chalcones (III), obtained by a Claisen—Schmidt reaction, provides access to new title pyrimidine derivatives (V) (16 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of [1,2,4]Triazolo[4,3‐b]‐s‐tetrazines with Incorporated Furazan Ring.
Authors: Sheremetev A. B. , Palysaeva N. V. , Suponitskii K. Yu. , Struchkova M. I.
Published: March 2013

Furazancarboxylic hydrazines (II) can serve as nucleophiles to substitute one pyrazole fragment in bis‐pyrazolyl‐tetrazines (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization, Biological Evaluation and QSAR Studies of 11‐p‐Substituted Phenyl‐12‐phenyl‐11a,12‐dihydro‐11H‐indeno[2,1‐c][1,5]benzothiazepines as Potential Antimicrobial Agents.
Authors: Mor Satbir , Pahal Preeti , Narasimhan Balasubramanian
Published: March 2013

The condensation reaction of (E)‐benzylideneindanones (I) with o‐aminobenzenethiols (II) proceeds diastereoselectively to furnish novel title benzothiazepine derivatives (III) (16 examples) as single diastereoisomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,4‐Addition of Diarylphosphines to Nitroalkenes for the Synthesis of Chiral P,N‐Compounds.
Authors: Feng Jian‐Jun , Huang Miao , Lin Zi‐Qi , Duan Wei‐Liang
Published: March 2013

The highly stereoselective title reaction catalyzed under mild conditions provides an alternative method for the synthesis of chiral P,N compounds, e.g. the precursor (X) for organocatalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the Novel β‐Aminophosphoryl Compounds and Their Acid‐Base Properties and Membrane‐Transport Abilities Towards Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Cherkasov R. A. , Garifzyanov A. R. , Kurnosova N. V. , Matveeva E. V. , Odinets I. L.
Published: March 2013

The acid‐base properties and membrane‐transport abilities of newly synthesized β‐aminophosphoryl compounds (III) and (IV) towards carboxylic acids are studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Spectroscopic, and Dyeing Properties of New Azo and Bisazo Dyes Derived from 5‐Pyrazolones.
Authors: Bagdatli Emine , Ocal Nuket
Published: March 2013

Novel azo and bisazo dyes such as (I)—(IV) are synthesized and tested for their dyeing and fastness properties.
ChemInform Abstract: Three New Bisabolane‐Type Sesquiterpenoide from Cremanthodium rhodocephalum (Asteraceae)
Authors: Saito Yoshinori , Takiguchi Koji , Gong Xun , Kuroda Chiaki , Tori Motoo
Published: March 2013

isolation and structure determination
ChemInform Abstract: Plantagiolides I and J, Two New Withanolide Glucosides from Tacca plantaginea with Nuclear Factor‐ϰB Inhibitory and Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor Transactivational Activities.
Authors: Kim Young Ho , et al. et al.
Published: March 2013

New plantagiolides I (I) and J (II) are isolated together with six known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Cyclic Tetrapeptide from the Jellyfish‐Derived Fungus Phoma sp.
Authors: Kim Eun La , Li Jian Lin , Xiao Bin , Hong Jongki , Yoo Eun Sook , Yoon Won Duk , Jung Jee H.
Published: March 2013

New tentoxin B (I) is isolated together with two known congeners, dihydrotentoxin and tentoxin.
ChemInform Abstract: Flavonoid Glycosides from the Leaves of Allium victorialis var. Platyphyllum and Their Antineuroinflammatory Effects.
Authors: Woo Kyeong Wan , Moon Eunjung , Park So Young , Kim Sun Yeou , Lee Kang Ro
Published: March 2013

[isolation, structure determination and antineuroinflammatory activities of new Stavonoid glycosides, i.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Novel Acronycine/Duocarmycin Hybrid Natural Product.
Authors: Tietze Lutz F. , Heins Arne , Reiner Johannes R. , Duefert Svenia‐C. , Schuberth Ingrid
Published: March 2013

Novel acronycine/duocarmycin hybrid compound (I) is synthesized that reveals a slightly higher cytotoxicity than acronycine.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of New Thiazole Derivatives and Their Glucoside and Acyclic Nucleoside Analogues.
Authors: Ali Omar M. , El‐Sayed Wael A. , El‐Sayed Heba A. , Abdel‐Rahman Adel A.‐H.
Published: March 2013

Thiazole derivatives, their N‐substituted acyclic nucleoside analogues and substituted glucosides are synthesized and screened for their antimicrobial activities against C.
ChemInform Abstract: Compounds from the Heartwood of Caesalpinia sappan and Their Antiinflammatory Activity
Authors: Min Byung Sun , Cuong To Dao , Hung Tran Manh , Min Bo Kyung , Shin Beom Soo , Woo Mi Hee
Published: March 2013

isolation, structural elucidation and antiinflammatory activity of two new phenolics, caesalpiniaphenol E (I) and caesalpiniaphenol F (II), along with eleven known compounds
ChemInform Abstract: Vibrational Spectroscopic Studies of Catalytic Process on Oxide Surfaces
Authors: Marie Olivier , Bazin Philippe , Daturi Marco
Published: March 2013

Review: 388 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: How Thiostrepton Was Made in the Laboratory
Authors: Nicolaou K. C.
Published: March 2013

Review: 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in Modifying Fluorescein and Rhodamine Fluorophores as Fluorescent Chemosensors
Authors: Zheng Hong , Zhan Xin‐Qi , Bian Qing‐Na , Zhang Xiao‐Juan
Published: March 2013

Review: 88 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Indole Synthesis — Something Old, Something New
Authors: Inman Martyn , Moody Christopher J.
Published: March 2013

Review: 109 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Synthetic Route to the Skeleton of Saxitoxin, a Naturally Occurring Blocker of Voltage‐Gated Sodium Channels
Authors: Sawayama Yusuke , Nishikawa Toshio
Published: March 2013

Review: 58 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Liquid Crystalline Crown Ethers
Authors: Kaller Martin , Laschat Sabine
Published: March 2013

Review: 149 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Designing Safer Organocatalysts — What Lessons Can Be Learned When the Rebirth of an Old Research Area Coincides with the Advent of Green Chemistry?
Authors: Beadham Ian , Gurbisz Monika , Gathergood Nicholas
Published: March 2013

Review: 240 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Radicals in Transition Metal Catalyzed Reactions? Transition Metal Catalyzed Radical Reactions? A Fruitful Interplay Anyway. Part 3. Catalysis by Group 10 and 11 Elements and Bimetallic Catalysis
Authors: Jahn Ullrich
Published: March 2013

Review: 470 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis in Green Solvents
Authors: Orha Laszlo , Akien Geoffrey R. , Horvath Istvan T.
Published: March 2013

Review: 123 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Covalent and Non‐Covalent Complexes Between Aromatic Carbocyclic and Heterocyclic Nucleophilic and Electrophilic Reagents
Authors: Forlani Luciano , Boga Carla
Published: March 2013

Review: 71 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Five‐ and Six‐Membered Heterocycles
Authors: Chung Cheol K. , Crawley Matthew L.
Published: March 2013

Review: 54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Selected Applications of Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Carbon—Carbon Cross‐Coupling Reactions in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Shen Hong C.
Published: March 2013

Review: 396 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphatrioxaadamantane Ligands
Authors: Pringle Paul G. , Smith Martin B.
Published: March 2013

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Phospholes
Authors: Carmichael Duncan
Published: March 2013

Review: synthesis, coordination chemistry, and catalytic applications of phospholes aligands
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Spintronics
Authors: Sanvito Stefano
Published: March 2013

Review: 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Bioinorganic View of Alzheimer′s Disease: When Misplaced Metal Ions (Re)direct the Electrons to the Wrong Target
Authors: Faller Peter , Hureau Christelle
Published: March 2013

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hybrid Materials Based on Lanthanide Organic Complexes: A Review
Authors: Feng Jing , Zhang Hongjie
Published: March 2013

Review: 213 refs.
Red Blood Cell Distribution Width Is a Predictor of Readmission in Cardiac Patients
Authors: Ephrem Georges
Published: March 2013

Background

Three‐quarters of rehospitalizations ($44 billion yearly estimated cost) may be avoidable. A screening tool for the detection of potential readmission may facilitate more efficient case management.

Hypothesis

An elevated red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is an independent predictor of hospital readmission in patients with unstable angina (UA) or non–ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).

Methods

The study is a retrospective observational cohort analysis of adults admitted in 2007 with UA or NSTEMI. Data were gathered by review of inpatient medical records. The rate of 30‐day nonelective readmission and time to nonelective readmission were recorded until November 1, 2011, and compared by RDW group using the 95th percentile (16.3%) as a cutoff.

Results

The median follow‐up time of the 503 subjects (average age, 65 ± 13 years; 56% male) was 3.8 years (interquartile range: 0.3–4.3 years). Those readmitted within 30 days were older, had more comorbidities and higher RDW and creatinine levels, and were more likely to have had an intervention. At 3.8 years of follow‐up, subjects with high RDW (>16.3%) were more likely to be readmitted compared to those with normal RDW (≤16.3%) (72.28% vs 59.95%, P = 0.003). In multivariable analyses, high RDW was a statistically significant predictor of readmission in general (hazard ratio: 1.35 (95% confidence interval [CI]:1.02‐1.79), P = 0.033) but not of 30‐day rehospitalization (odds ratio: 1.34 (95% CI: 0.78‐2.31), P = 0.292). Its area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.54 (sensitivity 23% and specificity 85%).

Conclusions

An elevated RDW is an independent predictor of hospital readmission in patients with UA or NSTEMI.
Potent Agonists of a Hematopoietic Stem Cell Cytokine Receptor, c‐Mpl
Authors: Tarasova Anna , Haylock David N. , Meagher Laurence , Be Cheang Ly , White Jacinta , Nilsson Susan K. , Andrade Jessica , Cartledge Kellie , Winkler David A.
Published: March 2013

Several growth factors feature prominently in the control of hematopoiesis. Thrombopoietin, a class I hematopoietic cytokine, plays critical roles in regulating hematopoietic stem cell numbers and also stimulates the production and differentiation of megakaryocytes, the bone marrow cells that ultimately produce platelets. Thrombopoietin interacts with the c‐Mpl cell‐surface receptor. Recently, several peptide and small‐molecule agonists and antagonists of c‐Mpl have been reported. We conducted a bioinformatics and molecular modeling study aimed at understanding the agonist activities of peptides that bind to c‐Mpl, and developed new potent peptide agonists with low nanomolar activity. These agonists also show very high activity in human CD34+ primary cell cultures, and doubled the mean blood platelet counts when injected into mice.
Polyethyleneimine/Manganese‐Doped ZnS Nanocomposites: A Multifunctional Probe for Two‐Color Imaging and Three‐Dimensional Sensing
Authors: Sang Li‐Jia , Wu Ye‐Yu , Wang He‐Fang
Published: March 2013

We present herein a new single probe, polyethyleneimine (PEI)/MnZnS nanocomposite, for two‐color imaging and three‐dimensional sensing. The PEI/MnZnS nanocomposite possesses unique, individually excited, two‐color, photoluminescence (PL) emissions at λ=495 and 585 nm; this allows two‐color imaging of the same space just by changing the excitation wavelength in situ. Moreover, the two PL bands of the nanocomposite are orthogonal, which allows the discrimination of eight proteins just by recording the three‐channel optical signals of the single probe. The two PL bands of the PEI/MnZnS composite are capable of distinguishing eight proteins at 0.5 μM, whereas the three‐channel signals (two PL bands and light scattering) can discriminate these proteins at no less than 0.25 μM.
Approaches to Molecular Magnetic Materials from the Use of Cyanate Groups in Higher Oxidation State Metal Cluster Chemistry: Mn14 and Mn16
Authors: Alexandropoulos Dimitris I. , Papatriantafyllopoulou Constantina , Li Chaoran , Cunha‐Silva Luís , Manos Manolis J. , Tasiopoulos Anastasios J. , Wernsdorfer Wolfgang , Christou George , Stamatatos Theocharis C.
Published: March 2013

The initial employment of cyanato groups in higher oxidation state manganese cluster chemistry, in conjunction with the gem‐diolate form of di‐2‐pyridylketone or 2,6‐diacetylpyridine dioxime chelate ligands, has afforded structurally interesting MnII/III14 and MnII/III/IV16 clusters, respectively. In both complexes, the end‐on bridging cyanato groups show an obvious preference in binding through their O atom, a significantly different ligation than that for the homoatomic‐type N3– ligand. The Mn14 compound shows entirely visible out‐of‐phase signals below 5 K and large hysteresis loops below 2 K.
Total Synthesis of (+)‐Antofine and (–)‐Cryptopleurine
Authors: Ying Weijiang , Herndon James W.
Published: March 2013

The tylophorine alkaloid anticancer compounds antofine and cryptopleurine have been synthesized in optically active form. Both syntheses use optically pure α‐amino acids as the starting materials, require only seven steps from known 2‐ethynylpyrrolidine or 2‐ethynylpiperidine derivatives, and are free of protecting groups. The key steps include an alkyne hydration and a chromium–carbene‐complex‐based net [5 + 5]‐cycloaddition step. The alkyne hydration was accompanied by racemization of the β‐amino ketone product under most of the conditions examined, and minimization of this side‐reaction was achieved through careful pH control and choice of metal additive. The final ring closure involved a Bischler–Napieralski reaction using a carbamate (antofine) or urea (cryptopleurine) precursor.
Electrochemical Characterization and Degradation Analysis of Large SOFC Stacks by Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Mosbæk R. R. , Hjelm J. , Barfod R. , Høgh J. , Hendriksen P. V.
Published: March 2013

As solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology is moving closer to a commercial break through, lifetime limiting factors, and methods to measure the “state‐of‐health” of operating cells and stacks are becoming of increasing interest. This requires application of advanced methods for detailed electrochemical characterization during operation.

An experimental stack with low ohmic resistance from Topsoe Fuel Cell A/S was characterized in detail using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). An investigation of the optimal geometrical placement of the current feeds and voltage probes was carried out in order to minimize measurement errors caused by stray impedances. Three different stack geometries were investigated by impedance spectroscopy and the stack geometry with the minimum effect of stray impedances was selected.

A 13‐cell experimental SOFC stack was tested during 2,500 h of operation with hydrogen as fuel with 52% fuel utilization and constant current load (0.2 A cm–2) at 750 °C. Stack interconnects were coated with six different coatings to prevent chromium poisoning on the cathode side. Four repeating units (RUs) with different coatings were selected for detailed impedance analysis. EIS allowed a distinction to be made in terms of the degradation between the four RU types that is not possible from IV‐data only.
In Situ X‐Ray Diffraction and Stress Analysis of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Wolf S. , Cañas N. A. , Friedrich K. A.
Published: March 2013

To increase the long term stability and performance of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) materials, it is important to understand the main degradation processes in their functional layers. In this work, the interface between electrolyte and anode material was investigated by in situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) stress and phase analysis. It has been found that the determining process for the initial degradation of SOFC is the reduction of the anode material with hydrogen. During this process a tensile strength of 600–700 MPa is measured. These stresses are induced in the electrolyte material and produce crack networks. The reduction from nickel oxide to pure nickel was monitored by in situ phase analysis. This reaction induces tensile stress at the interface between electrolyte and anode. The stress produced in the electrolyte material was also confirmed by the observation of crack networks detected using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, the reducing process was optimized using different process gases, decreasing the destructive tensile stress level.
Incremental Value of a Futures Hedge Using Realized Ranges
Authors: Sheu Her‐Jiun , Lai Yu‐Sheng
Published: March 2013

This study investigates the information content of realized ranges for futures hedging. Hedge ratio estimation using generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) models augmented with intraday price range is proposed. Empirical investigations using the S&P 500 equity index data show that the in‐sample fitting of spot–futures distribution is improved by the information recovered from intraday price ranges. Furthermore, the out‐of‐sample forecasting results show that both the statistical and economic hedging effectiveness increase with the inclusion of intraday price ranges along with intraday and daily price returns. Results indicate that informative realized ranges are valuable for futures hedging. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 34:676–689, 2014
Rapid eruption of the Ningwu volcanics in eastern China: Response to Cretaceous subduction of the Pacific plate
Authors: Tang Yan‐Jie , Zhang Hong‐Fu , Ying Ji‐Feng , Su Ben‐Xun , Li Xian‐Hua , Santosh M.
Published: March 2013

The relationship between lithospheric evolution of eastern Eurasia and subduction of the Pacific plate has long been debated. However, the timing and implications of subduction on the tectonics of eastern China are not well constrained. Here we present new zircon U‐Pb ages and Hf isotopes, elemental and Sr‐Nd‐Pb isotopic data on Cretaceous volcanic rocks from the Ningwu basin, eastern China to further address this issue. Our age data reveal rapid eruption of the volcanic rocks within a short duration from 133 to 130 Ma. The rocks, mostly characterized by shoshonitic and high‐K calc‐alkaline signatures, display light rare earth element and Pb enrichment, Nb, Ta and Ti depletion, highly radiogenic Sr‐Pb isotopic ratios and variable εHf(t) (+1.8 to −10), suggesting derivation from an enriched lithospheric mantle metasomatized by marine sediments. The early lavas (133.3 ± 1.1 Ma) show stronger subduction‐related signatures than the late lavas (130.1 ± 1.0 Ma), which we interpret to reflect consumption of a significant volume of fusible subducted components in the early melting phase. The large εHf(t) variation of late lavas suggests greater involvement of asthenospheric melts and lower crust in their petrogenesis. The youngest age (130 Ma) appears to coincide with an inferred change in the direction of Pacific‐Eurasia convergence, manifested as a change from extension to transpression in eastern China. The narrow window of eruption may signify a rapid change of the tectonic regime in the Early Cretaceous.
Sharp hemisphere boundaries in a translating inner core
Authors: Geballe Z. M. , Lasbleis M. , Cormier V. F. , Day E. A.
Published: March 2013

Geodynamic models of a convectively translating inner core have recently been proposed that would account for the seismically observed differences in isotropic velocity between the eastern and western hemispheres of the inner core. These models, however, have previously been thought to be incompatible with seismic observations of a 1.5% P wave velocity change occurring over an 800 km wide region at the boundary between hemispheres of the inner core. Here we show that if rigid translation occurs, the age of material in the 100 km below the inner core boundary changes quickly as it crosses the boundary between the western and eastern hemispheres. We then forward model seismic traveltimes to show that the sharp transition in VP between hemispheres may be explained by a random distribution of highly oriented crystalline domains that grow during translation and are composed of material with relatively high elastic anisotropy (up to 12%).
Recent 121‐year variability of western boundary upwelling in the northern South China Sea
Authors: Liu Yi , Peng Zicheng , Shen Chuan‐Chou , Zhou Renjun , Song Shaohua , Shi Zhengguo , Chen Tegu , Wei Gangjian , DeLong Kristine L.
Published: March 2013

Coastal upwelling is typically related to the eastern boundary upwelling system, whereas the powerful southwest Asian summer monsoon can also generate significant cold, nutrient‐rich deep water in western coastal zones. Here we present a sea surface temperature record (A.D. 1876–1996) derived from coral Porites Sr/Ca for an upwelling zone in the northern South China Sea. The upwelling‐induced sea surface temperature anomaly record reveals prominent multidecadal variability driven by Asian summer monsoon dynamics with an abrupt transition from warmer to colder conditions in 1930, and a return to warmer conditions after 1960. Previous studies suggest the expected increase in atmospheric CO2 for the coming decades may result in intensification in the eastern boundary upwelling system, which could enhance upwelling of CO2‐rich deep water thus exacerbating the impact of acidification in these productive zones. In contrast, the weakening trend since 1961 in the upwelling time series from the northern South China Sea suggests moderate regional ocean acidification from upwelling thus a stress relief for marine life in this region.
Convergence of the frequency‐size distribution of global earthquakes
Authors: Bell Andrew F. , Naylor Mark , Main Ian G.
Published: March 2013

The Gutenberg‐Richter (GR) frequency‐magnitude relation is a fundamental empirical law of seismology, but its form remains uncertain for rare extreme events. Here, we show that the temporal evolution of model likelihoods and parameters for the frequency‐magnitude distribution of the global Harvard Centroid Moment Tensor catalog is inconsistent with an unbounded GR relation, despite if being the preferred model at the current time. During the recent spate of 12 great earthquakes in the last 8 years, record‐breaking events result in profound steps in favor of the unbounded GR relation. However, between such events the preferred model gradually converges to the tapered GR relation, and the form of the convergence cannot be explained by random sampling of an unbounded GR distribution. The convergence properties are consistent with a global catalog composed of superposed randomly‐sampled regional catalogs, each with different upper bounds, many of which have not yet sampled their largest event.
Power spectra of infragravity waves in a deep ocean
Authors: Godin Oleg A. , Zabotin Nikolay A. , Sheehan Anne F. , Yang Zhaohui , Collins John A.
Published: March 2013

Infragravity waves (IGWs) play an important role in coupling wave processes in the ocean, ice shelves, atmosphere, and the solid Earth. Due to the paucity of experimental data, little quantitative information is available about power spectra of IGWs away from the shore. Here we use continuous, yearlong records of pressure at 28 locations on the seafloor off New Zealand's South Island to investigate spectral and spatial distribution of IGW energy. Dimensional analysis of diffuse IGW fields reveals universal properties of the power spectra observed at different water depths and leads to a simple, predictive model of the IGW spectra. While sources of IGWs off New Zealand are found to have a flat power spectrum, the IGW energy density has a pronounced dependence on frequency and local water depth as a result of the interaction of the waves with varying bathymetry.
Loss of interneuron LTD and attenuated pyramidal cell LTP in Trpv1 and Trpv3 KO mice
Authors: Brown Travis E. , Chirila Anda M. , Schrank Benjamin R. , Kauer Julie A.
Published: March 2013

TRPV (transient receptor potential, vanilloid) channels are a family of nonselective cation channels that are activated by a wide variety of chemical and physical stimuli. TRPV1 channels are highly expressed in sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system. However, a number of studies have also reported TRPV channels in the brain, though their functions are less well understood. In the hippocampus, the TRPV1 channel is a novel mediator of long‐term depression (LTD) at excitatory synapses on interneurons. Here we tested the role of other TRPV channels in hippocampal synaptic plasticity, using hippocampal slices from Trpv1, Trpv3 and Trpv4 knockout (KO) mice. LTD at excitatory synapses on s. radiatum hippocampal interneurons was attenuated in slices from Trpv3 KO mice (as well as in Trpv1 KO mice as previously reported), but not in slices from Trpv4 KO mice. A previous study found that in hippocampal area CA1, slices from Trpv1 KO mice have reduced tetanus‐induced long‐term potentiation (LTP) following high‐frequency stimulation; here we confirmed this and found a similar reduction in Trpv3 KO mice. We hypothesized that the loss of LTD at the excitatory synapses on local inhibitory interneurons caused the attenuated LTP in the mutants. Consistent with this idea, blocking GABAergic inhibition rescued LTP in slices from Trpv1 KO and Trpv3 KO mice. Our findings suggest a novel role for TRPV3 channels in synaptic plasticity and provide a possible mechanism by which TRPV1 and TRPV3 channels modulate hippocampal output. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mechanical allodynia in neuropathic pain. Where are the brain representations located? A positron emission tomography (PET) study
Authors: Peyron R. , Faillenot I. , Pomares F.B. , Le Bars D. , Garcia‐Larrea L. , Laurent B.
Published: March 2013

Background

Brain areas involved in nociception have been repeatedly investigated. Therefore, brain responses to physiological pain conditions are well identified. The same is not true for allodynic pain in patients with neuropathic pain since the cortical reorganizations that are involved in the conversion of non‐noxious stimuli into painful sensations still remain unknown.

Methods

The present positron emission tomography (PET) study enrolled 19 patients with dynamic mechanical allodynia to brushing or to cold rubbing of the skin. PET activations during allodynic stimulation were compared to those obtained with the same innocuous stimulation applied outside the neuropathic pain area (control). In a second comparison, they were compared with responses to a noxious heat stimulation applied outside the neuropathic pain area (experimental pain).

Results

Common responses to allodynia and control stimulations were found in contralateral SI, SII and insula and in ipsilateral cerebellum. Not surprisingly, heat pain condition was associated with activations in contralateral prefrontal and SII cortices and, bilaterally, in the anterior insular cortices. Distinctive cortical responses between control and allodynic conditions were restricted to one activation within the contralateral anterior insula, a region also activated by experimental heat pain.

Conclusions

The insular subdivision was inappropriately activated considering the innocuous nature of the stimulus, but adequately activated with regard to pain‐evoked sensation. Subcortically, the hypothesis of reorganization at any level of the somatosensory and pain pathways underlying such insular activity was supported by the observed shift of thalamic activation from a lateral‐posterior to an anterior‐medial position.
SUPPORTING POSITIVE PARENTING IN COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTERS: THE ACT RAISING SAFE KIDS PROGRAM
Authors: Knox Michele , Burkhart Kimberly , Cromly Aaron
Published: March 2013

The present study involves an evaluation of the effect of the American Psychological Association's ACT Raising Safe Kids (RSK) program on parenting outcomes for families served by Community Health Centers. The ACT‐RSK program is a primary family violence and child physical abuse prevention program for parents of young children. Parents were trained in effective parenting including nonviolent discipline, child development, anger management, social problem‐solving skills, effects of violent media on children, and methods to protect children from exposure to violence. Results indicate improved nurturing and positive parenting behaviors and lower rates of psychologically and physically aggressive behavior toward children. These improvements occurred independent of children's age and prior levels of aggression. Use of this model within healthcare settings has the potential to more effectively address parents’ needs for parenting guidance while reducing the likelihood of child maltreatment.
HOUSING CHRONICALLY HOMELESS VETERANS: EVALUATING THE EFFICACY OF A HOUSING FIRST APPROACH TO HUD‐VASH
Authors: Montgomery Ann Elizabeth , Hill Lindsay L. , Kane Vincent , Culhane Dennis P.
Published: March 2013

Rapidly placing homeless Veterans with severe mental illness into permanent housing is one important goal of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development‐Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing (HUD‐VASH) program; however, no research has tested whether an explicit organizational alignment of this goal with revised practices could improve outcomes. A demonstration project initiated in 2010 to reform housing placement practices in a metropolitan area enabled researchers to compare an explicit “Housing First” program—offering immediate permanent housing without requiring treatment compliance, abstinence, or “housing readiness”—with a treatment‐first program for 177 homeless Veterans. The Housing First initiative successfully reduced time to housing placement, from 223 to 35 days, housing retention rates were significantly higher among Housing First tenants, and emergency room use declined significantly among the Housing First cohort. The results suggest that a national Housing First model for the VA would be associated with improved outcomes for Veterans experiencing homelessness.
Incidence and Costs of Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Du Wei , Tutag Lehr Victoria , Caverly Mary , Kelm Lauren , Reeves Jaxk , Lieh‐Lai Mary
Published: March 2013

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) increase morbidity, mortality, and hospital costs in children treated in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). Few studies have reported the incidence and risk factors of ADRs in PICU. Our study aimed to evaluate incidence, risk factors, and economic burden of ADRs in PICU. An intensive ADR surveillance was conducted at the PICU of Children's Hospital of Michigan between November 1, 2010 and May 31, 2011. A trigger list was used to screen for suspected ADR cases. Of the 697 consecutive PICU admissions reviewed, 13.1% experienced at least one episode of ADR. The ADR incidence was 22% in patients with cardiovascular (CV) surgery and 11.5% in other patients. The most frequently detected ADR was electrolyte imbalance associated with diuretic exposure. Mean age at admission was 4 years (interquartile range: 9 months–13 years). Risk factors for ADR included young age (<1 year), Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM) score upon admission ≥3, and administration of ≥16 medications. ADRs increased total ICU costs by 3.5‐fold and length of ICU stay by 3.8‐fold. Increased ADR surveillance of high risk patients in conjunction with early intervention may reduce drug related morbidity and costs in the PICU.
Color Doppler sonography as an adjunct to repeat uterine evacuation for gestational trophoblastic disease: Case report
Authors: Tsuyoshi Hideaki , Sugita Genki , Kurokawa Tetsuji , Yoshida Yoshio
Published: March 2013

Repeat uterine evacuation is a therapeutic option for preserving fertility in patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasms and chemoresistance, but remains controversial due to the risks of hemorrhage and perforation. A 25‐year‐old patient with low‐risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasm became chemoresistant; however, chemotherapy reduced intrauterine tumor vascularity as observed by color Doppler sonography, suggesting that patients could undergo uterine evacuation without major risk of bleeding. After 18 months, she achieved a normal pregnancy. Serial assessment of tumor vascularity with color Doppler sonography may provide information regarding the appropriate time to perform a repeat uterine evacuation without significant bleeding. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 41:54–58, 2013
Contrast‐enhanced sonography for screening of vascular complication in recipients following living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Lee So Jung , Kim Kyoung Won , Kim So Yeon , Park Yang Shin , Lee Jeongjin , Kim Hyoung Jung , Lee Jong Seok , Song Gi Won , Hwang Shin , Lee Sung‐Gyu
Published: March 2013

The purpose of this article is to discuss the role of CEUS for screening of vascular complication in recipients admitted to ICU following LDLT, effect of microbubble contrast agent on Doppler phenomenon, CEUS technique, and illustrate CEUS findings in recipients with complication following LDLT. CEUS can enhance the role of US in the diagnosis of postoperative vascular complication in recipients following living donor liver transplantation at the bedside. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 41:305–312, 2013
Hydrologic profiling for greenhouse gas effluxes from natural grasslands in the prairie pothole region of Canada
Authors: Creed Irena F. , Miller Johnston , Aldred David , Adams Jennifer K. , Spitale Salvatore , Bourbonniere Rick A.
Published: March 2013

The prairie pothole physiographic region of North America is likely to be affected by climate change, and it is important to establish its baseline global warming potential as a basis for assessing global change effects. This study estimated the hydrologic effects on soil greenhouse gas efflux during the growing season along hydrologic profiles within natural prairie potholes ranging from the southern to northern limits of the prairie pothole region within central Canada. Soil moisture was found to be an important driver of differences in soil efflux along the hydrologic profiles and along the south‐to‐north gradient. The position of peak cumulative soil efflux varied along the hydrologic profile, with the N2O peak occurring at the backslope, the CO2 peaks at footslope and toeslope, and the CH4 peaks at toeslope and surface waters. When cumulative soil efflux was converted to global warming potential (Mg CO2 eq), the largest values were restricted to the narrow land‐water interface in the south but expanded to a broader area of the hillslope in the north. CO2 was the major (> 95%) contributor to global warming potential. Omitting hydrologic controls on greenhouse gas fluxes from estimates of global warming potential led to substantial underestimates of the contributions of N2O and CH4. Arid regions in the south had smaller global warming potential than wetter regions in the north. If future climate projections for a warmer, drier climate in this region are realized, global warming potential from soil greenhouse gas fluxes will be smaller in this landscape, because the changing hydrologic conditions should result in a reduction of global warming potential from land surfaces, even as global warming potential from surface waters increases.
Histopathology of lung adenocarcinoma based on new IASLC/ATS/ERS classification: Prognostic stratification with functional and metabolic imaging biomarkers
Authors: Lee Ho Yun , Jeong Ji Yun , Lee Kyung Soo , Yi Chin A. , Kim Byung‐Tae , Kang Hee , Kwon O Jung , Shim Young Mog , Han Joungho
Published: March 2013

Purpose

To correlate the results of histopathologic subtyping and grading of lung adenocarcinoma with maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) on positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values on diffusion‐weighted MRI (DWI).

Materials and Methods

Forty‐three patients were included. The SUVmax and mean ADC values of tumors were measured and correlated with the histologic subtypes and grades of lung adenocarcinomas based on the IASLC/ATS/ERS classification scheme. Disease‐free survival (DFS) was estimated by using the Kaplan‐Meier method, and the log‐rank test was used to evaluate differences among three histologic grades or subgroups classified with imaging biomarker study results.

Results

Five (12.5%) tumors belonged to low grade, 30 (70%) to intermediate grade, and 8 (18.5%) to high grade, and patients with low‐grade histology had lower risk of recurrence than those with intermediate‐ or high‐grade histology (P = 0.048). A significant difference in SUVmax and mean ADC values was observed among three histologic grades (Ps < 0.001). Regarding DFS, lower metabolic (PET) activity or higher functional (DWI) diffusivity showed longer DFS. When patients (n = 30; 70% of patients) with intermediate histologic grade were subgrouped in consideration of both SUVmax and mean ADC results, combining metabolic and functional criteria helped stratify patients more precisely (P = 0.006).

Conclusion

SUVmax and mean ADC value correlate well with the histologic grades in lung adenocarcinomas, and combining both imaging biomarker study results leads to more useful stratification of patients into different prognostic subsets than the results of each study. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:905–913. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhanced biodiversity and pollination in UK agroforestry systems
Authors: Varah Alexa , Jones Hannah , Smith Jo , Potts Simon G
Published: March 2013

Monoculture farming systems have had serious environmental impacts such as loss of biodiversity and pollinator decline. The authors explain how temperate agroforestry systems show potential in being able to deliver multiple environmental benefits.
Prodromal autonomic symptoms and signs in Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Postuma Ronald B. , Gagnon Jean‐Francois , Pelletier Amélie , Montplaisir Jacques
Published: March 2013

Pathologic staging systems suggest that autonomic dysfunction may be an early manifestation of Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. However, direct evidence is limited, and no prospective studies have measured when autonomic dysfunction starts before disease. Patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder are at very high risk of developing neurodegenerative synucleinopathy, providing an opportunity to directly observe the development of autonomic dysfunction from prodromal stages of neurodegeneration. Patients with idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder were followed annually in a prospective cohort that was established in 2004. Urinary, orthostatic, erectile, and constipation symptoms and systolic blood pressure drop from lying to standing were assessed annually. Patients who eventually developed defined synucleinopathy were compared with age‐matched controls. The evolution of autonomic measures was assessed with regression analysis to determine when markers first deviated from control values. Sensitivity and specificity of autonomic markers for identification of prodromal disease were calculated. Of 91 patients, 32 developed disease. In prodromal stages, there was substantial autonomic dysfunction observable at least 5 years before diagnosis. On regression analysis, autonomic dysfunction appeared to progress slowly over prodromal periods. The estimated onset of autonomic dysfunction ranged from 11 years to 20 years, and systolic drop (20.4 years) and constipation (15.3 years) had the earliest estimates. Systolic drop, erectile dysfunction, and constipation could identify disease up to 5 years before diagnosis with sensitivity ranging from 50% to 90%. By directly observing development of neurodegenerative synucleinopathy, we confirmed that autonomic dysfunction can occur early in neurodegenerative synucleinopathy, even as long as 20 years before defined disease. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
Twitch and M‐wave potentiation induced by intermittent maximal voluntary quadriceps contractions: Differences between direct quadriceps and femoral nerve stimulation
Authors: Rodriguez‐Falces Javier , Maffiuletti Nicola A. , Place Nicolas
Published: March 2013

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate differences in twitch and M‐wave potentiation in the quadriceps femoris when electrical stimulation is applied over the quadriceps muscle belly versus the femoral nerve trunk. Methods: M‐waves and mechanical twitches were evoked using direct quadriceps muscle and femoral nerve stimulation between 48 successive isometric maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) from 10 young, healthy subjects. Potentiation was investigated by analyzing the changes in M‐wave amplitude recorded from the vastus medialis (VM) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles and in quadriceps peak twitch force. Results: Potentiation of twitch, VM M‐wave, and VL M‐wave were greater for femoral nerve than for direct quadriceps stimulation (P < 0.05). Despite a 50% decrease in MVC force, the amplitude of the M‐waves increased significantly during exercise. Conclusions: In addition to enhanced electrogenic Na+‐K+ pumping, other factors (such as synchronization in activation of muscle fibers and muscle architectural properties) may significantly influence the magnitude of M‐wave enlargement. Muscle Nerve 48: 920–929, 2013
Obstructive sleep apnea increases the risk of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis: A population‐based matched‐cohort study
Authors: Chung Shiu‐Dong , Lin Ching‐Chun , Liu Shih‐Ping , Lin Herng‐Ching
Published: March 2013

Aims

Previous studies indicated a possible association between bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) and sleep disorders including sleep abnormalities with delayed onset of sleep, waking up before needed, and snoring. Nevertheless, no previous study has reported the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and BPS/IC. In this retrospective cohort study, we examined the risk of BPS/IC among subjects with OSA during a 3‐year follow‐up in Taiwan using a population‐based dataset.

Methods

This study comprised 2,940 study subjects with OSA, and 29,400 randomly selected comparison subjects. We individually followed‐up each sampled subject (n = 32,340) for a 3‐year period to identify those subjects who subsequently received a diagnosis of BPS/IC. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was constructed to estimate the risk of subsequent BPS/IC following a diagnosis of OSA.

Results

Incidences of BPS/IC during the 3‐year follow‐up period were 13.61 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.37–23.13) and 3.60 (95% CI = 2.06–4.39) for subjects with and those without OSA, respectively. After adjusting for diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, obesity, hyperlipidemia, chronic pelvic pain, irritable bowel syndrome, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, depression, panic disorder, migraines, sicca syndrome, allergies, endometriosis, asthma, tobacco use disorder, and alcohol abuse, the stratified Cox proportional hazards regressions revealed that the hazard ratio for BPS/IC among subjects with OSA was 3.71 (95% CI = 1.81–7.62, P < 0.001) that of comparison subjects.

Conclusions

This study provides epidemiological evidence of a link between OSA and a subsequent BPS/IC diagnosis. We suggest that clinical practitioners treating subjects with OSA be alert to urinary complaints in this population. Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:278–282, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Current approaches to diagnosis and management of COPD
Authors: Parmar Sonia , Raines Phil
Published: March 2013

COPD is a progressive illness that requires a multidisciplinary approach to management. Our Drug review discusses its diagnosis and the available treatment options, followed by sources of further information.
Recommended management of polymyalgia rheumatica
Authors: Helliwell Toby , Hider Samantha , Mallen Christian
Published: March 2013

The authors describe the causes, diagnosis and recommended management of polymyalgia rheumatica, the commonest rheumatological disorder in the elderly.
High‐latitude influence of the quasi‐biennial oscillation
Authors: Anstey James A. , Shepherd Theodore G.
Published: March 2013

The interannual variability of the stratospheric winter polar vortex is correlated with the phase of the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) of tropical stratospheric winds. This dynamical coupling between high and low latitudes, often referred to as the Holton–Tan effect, has been the subject of numerous observational and modelling studies, yet important questions regarding its mechanism remain unanswered. In particular it remains unclear which vertical levels of the QBO exert the strongest influence on the winter polar vortex, and how QBO–vortex coupling interacts with the effects of other sources of atmospheric interannual variability such as the 11‐year solar cycle or the El Niño Southern Oscillation. As stratosphere‐resolving general circulation models begin to resolve the QBO and represent its teleconnections with other parts of the climate system, it seems timely to summarize what is currently known about the QBO's high‐latitude influence. In this review article, we offer a synthesis of the modelling and observational analyses of QBO–vortex coupling that have appeared in the literature, and update the observational record.
A wavelet‐based filtering of ensemble background‐error variances
Authors: Pannekoucke Olivier , Raynaud Laure , Farge Marie
Published: March 2013

Background‐error variances estimated from a small‐size ensemble of data assimilations need to be filtered because of the associated sampling noise. Previous studies showed that objective spectral filtering is efficient in reducing this noise, while preserving relevant features to a large extent. However, since such filters are homogeneous, they tend to smooth small‐scale structures of interest.

In many applications, nonlinear thresholding of wavelet coefficients has proved to be an efficient technique for denoising signals. This algorithm proceeds by thresholding the wavelet coefficients of the noisy signal using an estimated threshold. This is equivalent to applying an adaptive local spatial filtering. A quasi‐optimal value for the threshold can be computed from the noise variance. We show that the statistical properties of the sampling noise associated with the estimation of background‐error variances can be used to calculate the noise level and the appropriate threshold value.

This method is first applied to 1D academic examples, with emphasis on correlated and heterogeneous noises. This approach is shown to outperform the commonly used homogeneous filters, since it automatically adapts to the local structure of the signal. We also show that this technique compares favourably to a heterogeneous diffusion‐based filter, with the advantage of requiring less trial‐and‐error tuning. These results are next confirmed in a more realistic 2D problem, using the Arome‐France convective‐scale model.
Commutative reversible data hiding and encryption
Authors: Zhang Xinpeng
Published: March 2013

This work proposes a novel scheme of commutative reversible data hiding and encryption. In encryption part, the gray values of two neighboring pixels are masked by same pseudo‐random bits. In data‐hiding part, the additional data are embedded into various bit planes with a reversible manner, and a parameter optimization method based on a capacity–distortion criterion is used to ensure a good performance. Because the data space used for accommodating the additional data is not affected by the encryption operation, the data embedded in plain/encrypted domain can be extracted from encrypted/plain domain, and the way of insertion/extraction of additional data in plain domain is same as that in encrypted domain. Furthermore, the original image can be recovered without any error from an image containing additional data. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.