bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mass spectrometric measurements of ambient ions and estimation of gaseous sulfuric acid in the free troposphere and lowermost stratosphere during the CAFE-EU/BLUESKY campaign
Authors: Zauner-Wieczorek Marcel , Heinritzi Martin , Granzin Manuel , Keber Timo , Kürten Andreas , Kaiser Katharina , Schneider Johannes , Curtius Joachim
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Ambient ions play an important role in atmospheric processes such as ion-induced new particle formation. While there are several studies of ambient ions for different layers of the atmosphere, data coverage for the free troposphere and especially the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) region is scarce. Here, we present the first airborne measurements of ambient ions using a High Resolution-Atmospheric Pressure interface-Time Of Flight-Mass Spectrometer (HR-APi-TOF-MS) in the free troposphere and lower stratosphere above Europe on board the HALO aircraft during the CAFE-EU/BLUESKY campaign in May and June 2020. In negative measurement mode, we observed nitrate and hydrogen sulfate and their related ion clusters in an altitude range of 4.7 to 13.4 km. The horizontal profiles for those ions reveal an increasing count rate for NO3– and (HNO3)NO3– towards higher altitudes, but no significant trend for HSO4–. From the count rates of the nitrate (NO3–) and hydrogen sulfate (HSO4–) core ions, we inferred the number concentration of gaseous sulfuric acid. The lowest average value was found to be 1.8 · 105 cm–3 at the maximum altitude bin, i.e. 13.4 km. The highest average value of 9.1 · 105 cm–3 was observed in the 8.7–9.2 km altitude bin. During the transit through a liquid water cloud, we observed an event of enhanced ion count rates and aerosol particle concentrations that can largely be assigned to nitrate ions and particles, respectively; this may have been caused by the shattering of cloud droplets on the surface of the aircraft or the inlet. Furthermore, we report the proof of principle for the measurement of ambient cations and the identification of protonated pyridine.
Isothermal evaporation of α-pinene secondary organic aerosol particles formed under low-NOx and high-NOx conditions
Authors: Li Zijun , Buchholz Angela , Barreira Luis M. F. , Ylisirniö Arttu , Hao Liqing , Pullinen Iida , Schobesberger Siegfried , Virtanen Annele
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Many recent secondary organic aerosol (SOA) studies mainly focus on biogenic SOA particles formed under low-NOx conditions and thus are applicable to pristine environments with minor anthropogenic influence. Although interactions between biogenic volatile organic compounds and NOx are important in, for instance, suburban areas, there is still a lack of knowledge about volatility and processes controlling the evaporation of biogenic SOA particles formed in the presence of high concentrations of NOx. Here we provide detailed insights into the isothermal evaporation of α-pinene SOA particles that were formed under low-NOx and high-NOx conditions to investigate the evaporation process and the evolution of particle composition during the evaporation in more detail. We coupled Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols-Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer (FIGAERO-CIMS) measurements of the molecular composition and volatility of the particle phase with isothermal evaporation experiments conducted under a range of relative humidity (RH) conditions from dry to 80 % RH. Very similar changes were observed in particle volatility at any set RH during isothermal evaporation for the α-pinene SOA particles formed under low-NOx and high-NOx conditions. However, there were distinct differences in the initial composition of the two SOA types, possibly due to the influence of NOx on the RO2 chemistry during SOA formation. Such compositional differences consequently impacted the primary type of aqueous-phase processes in each type of SOA particles in the presence of particulate water.
Quantifying the coastal urban surface layer structure using distributed temperature sensing in Helsinki, Finland
Authors: Karttunen Sasu , O'Connor Ewan , Peltola Olli , Järvi Leena
Published: April 2022

Abstract. The structure of the urban boundary layer, and particularly the surface layer, displays significant complexity, which can be exacerbated by coastal effects for cities located in such regions. Resolving the complexity of the coastal urban boundary layer remains an important question for many applications such as air quality and numerical weather prediction. One of the most promising new techniques for measuring the structure of the surface layer is fibre-optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS), which has the potential to provide new significant insights for boundary layer meteorology by making it possible to study thermal turbulence with high spatial and temporal resolution. We present 14 weeks of profile measurements with a DTS system at an urban site in Helsinki, Finland, during the winter and spring of 2020. We assess the benefits and drawbacks of using DTS measurements to supplement sonic anemometry for longer measurement periods in varying meteorological conditions, including those found difficult for the DTS method in prior studies. Furthermore, we demonstrate the capabilities of the DTS system using two case scenarios: a study of the erosion of a near-ground cold layer during the passage of a warm front, and a comparison of the near-ground thermal structure with and without the presence of a sea-breeze cell during springtime convective boundary layer development. This study demonstrates the utility of DTS measurements in revealing the internal surface layer structure, beyond the predictions of traditional surface layer theories. This knowledge is important for improving surface layer theories and parametrisations, including those used in numerical weather prediction. The study also highlights the drawbacks of DTS measurements, caused by low signal-to-noise ratios in near-neutral atmospheric conditions, especially when such a system would be used to supplement turbulence measurements over longer periods. Overall, this study presents important considerations for planning new studies or ongoing measurements utilising this exciting and relatively new instrumentation.
An improved vertical correction method for the inter-comparison and inter-validation of Integrated Water Vapour measurements
Authors: Bock Olivier , Bosser Pierre , Mears Carl
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Integrated Water Vapour (IWV) measurements from similar or different techniques are often inter-compared for calibration and validation purposes. Results are usually assessed in terms of bias (difference of the means), standard deviation of the differences, and linear fit slope and offset (intercept) estimates. When the instruments are located at different elevations, a correction must be applied to account for the vertical displacement between the sites. Empirical formulations are traditionally used for this correction. In this paper we show that the widely-used correction model based on a standard, exponential, profile for water vapour cannot properly correct the bias, slope, and offset parameters simultaneously. Correcting the bias with this model degrades the slope and offset estimates, and vice-versa. This paper proposes an improved correction model which overcomes these limitations. The model uses a multi-linear regression of slope and offset parameters from a radiosonde climatology. It is able to predict monthly parameters with a root-mean-square error smaller than 0.5 kg m-2 for height differences up to 500 m. The method is applied to the inter-comparison of GPS IWV data in a tropical mountainous area and to the inter-validation of GPS and satellite microwave radiometer data. This paper also emphasizes the need for using a slope and offset regression method that accounts for errors in both variables and for correctly specifying these errors.
Use of fluorescent sand to assess plot-scale hydrological connectivity and sediment transport on young moraines in the Swiss Alps
Authors: Maier Fabian , Lustenberger Florian , van Meerveld Ilja
Published: April 2022

Abstract. The surface of the earth is constantly changing, especially in mountain areas, where glacial retreat uncovers large bodies of unconsolidated sediment. However, our knowledge on overland flow (OF) generation and related sediment transport is still limited, partly due to a lack of methods to trace the pathways of water and sediment on the surface. To investigate how different surface characteristics affect hydrological- and sediment connectivity on natural hillslopes, we studied five plots on two moraines of different ages in a proglacial area of the Swiss Alps. On all plots, we performed sprinkling experiments to determine OF characteristics, i.e., total OF, peak OF flow rate, peak turbidity and sediment concentrations, and total sediment yield. Here we test if a fluorescent sand tracer, together with UV lamps and a high-resolution camera, can be used to visualize the pathways of OF and to determine the typical sediment transport distances. The results highlight the ability of the setup to detect sand movement, even for individual fluorescent sand particles (300–500 µm grain size), and to distinguish between the two main mechanisms of sediment transport: OF-driven erosion and splash erosion. The experiments also revealed that the higher rock cover on the younger moraine enhanced surface hydrological connectivity and resulted in larger sediment transport distances. In contrast, the higher vegetation cover on the older moraine promoted infiltration and reduced the length of the surface flow pathways and erosion. The study, thus, demonstrates the potential of the new method to improve the observation of surface hydrological connectivity and sediment transport. These observations can help to improve our understanding of OF and sediment transport in complex natural settings.
GeoDAR: georeferenced global dams and reservoirs dataset for bridging attributes and geolocations
Authors: Wang Jida , Walter Blake A. , Yao Fangfang , Song Chunqiao , Ding Meng , Maroof Abu Sayeed , Zhu Jingying , Fan Chenyu , McAlister Jordan M. , Sikder Safat , Sheng Yongwei , Allen George H. , Crétaux Jean-François , Wada Yoshihide
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Dams and reservoirs are among the most widespread
human-made infrastructures on Earth. Despite their societal and environmental
significance, spatial inventories of dams and reservoirs, even for the large
ones, are insufficient. A dilemma of the existing georeferenced dam datasets
is the polarized focus on either dam quantity and spatial coverage (e.g., GlObal geOreferenced Database of Dams, GOODD) or detailed attributes for a limited dam quantity or region (e.g.,
GRanD (Global Reservoir and Dam database) and national inventories). One of the most comprehensive datasets, the
World Register of Dams (WRD), maintained by the International Commission on
Large Dams (ICOLD), documents nearly 60 000 dams with an extensive suite of
attributes. Unfortunately, the WRD records provide no geographic
coordinates, limiting the benefits of their attributes for spatially
explicit applications. To bridge the gap between attribute accessibility and
spatial explicitness, we introduce the Georeferenced global Dams And
Reservoirs (GeoDAR) dataset, created by utilizing the Google Maps geocoding application programming interface (API) and
multi-source inventories. We release GeoDAR in two successive versions (v1.0
and v1.1) at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6163413 (Wang et
al., 2022). GeoDAR v1.0 holds 22 560 dam points georeferenced from the WRD,
whereas v1.1 consists of (a) 24 783 dam points after a harmonization between
GeoDAR v1.0 and GRanD v1.3 and (b) 21 515 reservoir polygons retrieved from
high-resolution water masks based on a one-to-one relationship between dams and reservoirs. Due to geocoding challenges, GeoDAR spatially
resolved ∼ 40 % of the records in the WRD, which, however,
comprise over 90 % of the total reservoir area, catchment area, and
reservoir storage capacity. GeoDAR does not release the proprietary WRD
attributes, but upon individual user requests we may provide assistance in
associating GeoDAR spatial features with the WRD attribute information that
users have acquired from ICOLD. Despite this limit, GeoDAR, with a dam
quantity triple that of GRanD, significantly enhances the spatial details of
smaller but more widespread dams and reservoirs and complements other
existing global dam inventories. Along with its extended attribute
accessibility, GeoDAR is expected to benefit a broad range of applications
in hydrologic modeling, water resource management, ecosystem health, and
energy planning.
Calcite U–Pb dating of altered ancient oceanic crust in the North Pamir, Central Asia
Authors: Rembe Johannes , Zhou Renjie , Sobel Edward R. , Kley Jonas , Chen Jie , Zhao Jian-Xin , Feng Yuexing , Howard Daryl L.
Published: April 2022

Abstract. The North Pamir, part of the western syntax of the India–Asia collision zone, preserves remnants of a poorly understood Paleozoic intra-oceanic
subduction zone. To constrain the age of this ancient ocean floor, we analyzed calcite phases in vesicular basalt and basaltic volcanic breccia with
U–Pb geochronology using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Dating of radial fibrous to equant
spary calcite yielded three meaningful Visean–Serpukhovian ages. Rare-earth elements and yttrium (REE + Y) data reveal that the basaltic host rock of the calcite and oxidizing
seawater are major sources of trace elements during calcite precipitation. U–Pb ages seem to be independent of REE + Y
concentrations. Our results demonstrate the potential of calcite dating to constrain the age of ancient ocean floors. We challenge the hypothesis
that a continuous early Paleozoic Kunlun Terrane extended from northern Tibet into the North Pamir.
Assessment of force control for surface finishing – an experimental comparison between Universal Robots UR10e and FerRobotics active contact flange
Authors: Gadringer Stefan , Gattringer Hubert , Mueller Andreas
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Robotic surface treatment is already broadly used in the manufacturing industry because it guarantees repeatable high-quality surfaces at short production time. Such a robotic solution, with an accurate control of the applied force on a surface, requires a robot that is either equipped with a force/torque sensor or, alternatively, with a force compliance device. However, without a direct performance comparison, it is hard to know which is the best option for a specific surface treatment operation. Compared to the evaluation of the robot positioning accuracy, using the ISO 9283 test, no standardized test for the quality assessment of robot force control exists yet. In trying to fill this gap, this paper introduces different test scenarios and a test set-up for such a force control quality assessment. As a start, the force control of a Universal Robots UR10e model and a FerRobotics ACF-K 109/04 model are experimentally evaluated. The latter is an external device with controlled force/compliance characteristics, which is referred to as an active contact flange (ACF). For the performance comparison, an ATI force/torque sensor, which is mounted below a work piece, measures the applied force either by the UR or by the ACF. The measured forces are further transformed to the UR tool centre point (TCP) frame. Then, only the z component of the force, or rather the normal force, is relevant for surface treatment and hence important for the evaluation. For each test case, the average value of five test runs with the same parameters is used for the assessment. Results for both the UR and ACF force control are presented for varying desired contact velocities and desired forces. These results indicate the advantage of the ACF-K 109/04 over the UR10e force control for highly dynamic force control scenarios.
Brief communication: Estimating the ice thickness of the Müller Ice Cap to support selection of a drill site
Authors: Zinck Ann-Sofie Priergaard , Grinsted Aslak
Published: April 2022

Abstract. The Müller Ice Cap will soon set the scene for a new drilling project. Therefore, ice thickness estimates are necessary for planning, since thickness measurements of the ice cap are sparse. Here, three models are presented and compared: (i) a simple Semi-Empirical Ice Thickness Model (SEITMo) based on an inversion of the shallow-ice approximation by the use of a single radar line in combination with the glacier outline, surface slope, and elevation; (ii) an iterative inverse method using the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM), and (iii) a velocity-based inversion of the shallow-ice approximation. The velocity-based inversion underestimates the ice thickness at the ice cap top, making the model less useful to aid in drill site selection, whereas PISM and the SEITMo mostly agree about a good drill site candidate. However, the new SEITMo is insensitive to mass balance, computationally fast, and provides as good fits as PISM.
The impact of tides on Antarctic ice shelf melting
Authors: Richter Ole , Gwyther David E. , King Matt A. , Galton-Fenzi Benjamin K.
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Tides influence basal melting of individual Antarctic ice shelves, but their net impact on Antarctic-wide ice–ocean interaction has yet to be constrained. Here we quantify the impact of tides on ice shelf melting and the continental shelf seas using a 4 km resolution circum-Antarctic ocean model. Activating tides in the model increases the total basal mass loss by 57 Gt yr−1 (4 %) while decreasing continental shelf temperatures by 0.04 ∘C. The Ronne Ice Shelf features the highest increase in mass loss (44 Gt yr−1, 128 %), coinciding with strong residual currents and increasing temperatures on the adjacent continental shelf. In some large ice shelves tides strongly affect melting in regions where the ice thickness is of dynamic importance to grounded ice flow. Further, to explore the processes that cause variations in melting we apply dynamical–thermodynamical decomposition to the melt drivers in the boundary layer. In most regions, the impact of tidal currents on the turbulent exchange of heat and salt across the ice–ocean boundary layer has a strong contribution. In some regions, however, mechanisms driven by thermodynamic effects are equally or more important, including under the frontal parts of Ronne Ice Shelf. Our results support the importance of capturing tides for robust modelling of glacier systems and shelf seas, as well as motivate future studies to directly assess friction-based parameterizations for the pan-Antarctic domain.
Glacier geometry and flow speed determine how Arctic marine-terminating glaciers respond to lubricated beds
Authors: Zheng Whyjay
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Basal conditions directly control the glacier sliding rate and the dynamic discharge of ice. Recent glacier destabilization events indicate that some marine-terminating glaciers quickly respond to lubricated beds with increased flow speed, but the underlying physics, especially how this vulnerability relates to glacier geometry and flow characteristics, remains unclear. This paper presents a 1D physical framework for glacier dynamic vulnerability assuming sudden basal lubrication as an initial perturbation. In this new model, two quantities determine the scale and the areal extent of the subsequent thinning and acceleration after the bed is lubricated: Péclet number (Pe) and the product of glacier speed and thickness gradient (dubbed J0 in this study). To validate the model, this paper calculates Pe and J0 using multi-sourced data from 1996 to 1998 for outlet glaciers in the Greenland ice sheet and Austfonna ice cap, Svalbard, and compares the results with the glacier speed change during 1996/1998–2018. Glaciers with lower Pe and J0 are more likely to accelerate during this 20-year span than those with higher Pe and J0, which matches the model prediction. A combined factor of ice thickness, surface slope, and initial flow speed physically determines how much and how fast glaciers respond to lubricated beds in terms of speed, elevation, and terminus change.
Building an Archival Database for Visualizing Historical Networks. A Case for Pre-Modern Korea
Authors: Paek Seungmin , Park Jong Hee , Lee Sangkuk
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we share the experience of collecting and organizing pre-modern Korean historical materials into a searchable digital archive. The Ajou Interdisciplinary Research Group (AIRG) has continuously collected historical data of pre-modern Korea for the past 10 years to assist the study of family history, historical demographics, and social mobility. This paper describes the rich data sources for historical studies of Korea, such as household registers, genealogies, and state examination registers, and we summarize contributions to the study of historical demography and related fields.
The Characteristic Equation of the Euler-Cauchy Differential Equation and its Related Solution Using MATLAB
Authors: Karthigai Selvam S.
Published: April 2022

The behavior of nature is usually modelled with Differential Equations in various forms. Depending on the constrains and the accuracy of a model, the connected equations may be more or less complicated. For simple models we may use Non Homogeneous Equations but in general, we have to deal with Homogeneous ones since from a physicists point of view nature seems to be Homogeneous. In many applications of sciences, for solving many of them, often appear equations of type nth order Linear differential equations, where the number of them is Euler-Cauchy differential equations. i.e. Euler-Cauchy differential equations often appear in analysis of computer algorithms, notably in analysis of quick sort and search trees; a number of physics and engineering applications. In this paper, the researcher aims to present the solutions of a homogeneous Euler-Cauchy differential equation from the roots of the characteristics equation related with this differential equation using MATLAB. It is hoped that this work can contribute to minimize the lag in teaching and learning of this important Ordinary Differential Equation.
Study of Electronic and Dielectric Properties of L-Arginine Semimalonate
Authors: Sreepad H. R.
Published: April 2022

First-principles calculations have been done on the L-arginine semimalonate C₉H₁₈N₄O₆ crystal based on Density Functional Theory. The Triclinic structure of Nitrilotrisethylene carbamic acid has been simulated using this formalism and the structural parameters have been found out. The Electron Density of States (EDOS) has been computed in the material using the Electronic structure calculation code of the software Quantum-Espresso which gives a Band gap of 2.35 eV. This value is found to be close to the value exhibited by semiconducting materials and photonic band gap materials. The value of polarizability has also been calculated. Its value comes out to be 77.40 Å3, 77.08 Å3, 76.55 Å3 along x,y and z axis with average value of 77.01 Å3. The values of Phonon modes have been computed using the ph.x program code of quantum espresso software. The values of computed phonon modes range from 0 cm−1 to 8012 cm−1.
Filtering Techniques in Recommendation Systems: A Review
Authors: Shargunam S. , Rajakumar G.
Published: April 2022

Recommendation systems are not new to the world, they have rapidly become prevalent, appearing in almost every type of technology on a daily basis. As a result, recommendation systems were necessary to reduce the amount of time spent looking for the best and most essential items. Information filtering, user personalization, collaborative filtering, and hybrid filtering are just some of the ways used by recommendation systems in diversion, streaming, software, and other areas to present users and customers with customized content and products. The various filtering methods are compared and analyzed in order to improve the accuracy and quality of the recommendation system.
Design and Development of Diminution of Multiplier in FIR Sieve Consuming Mutual Sub-Expression Removal Algorithm
Authors: Ravichandran S. , Muthukkumar S. , Sabarish M.
Published: April 2022

The difficulty of Finite-Impulse-Response (FIR) sieve out is ruled with means of that wide variety of adders or subtractors that are consumed toward enforce these co-green multipliers. The Common-Sub-expression-Elimination (CSE) set of rules is founded totally at that Canonical-Signed-Digit (CSD) depiction of clear out co-efficient pro imposing stumpy difficulty FIR sieves. Now, decrease of multiplier inside rectilinear phase FIR sieves is completed through changing this multiplier quantity toward Minimum-Signed-Powers-of-Two (MNSPT) or Canonical-Signed-Digit (CSD) illustration of this multiplier respectively.  This multiplier may be executed consuming a sequence of changes and accompaniments or deductions. This CSE algorithm is expended toward discover and dispose of additional commonplace sub-expressions amongst sieve coefficients whichever ends up inside energy and vicinity convertible at the same time as executed inside FIR sieves. This Common-Sub-expression-Elimination (CSE) approach toward be consumed pro this VLSI layout will outcome in condensed multiplier inside Finite-Impulse-Response (FIR) clear out by a trivial quantity of adders and records.
Beverage Cans Crusher Machine Patents: A Review (Part IV)
Authors: Elfasakhany Ashra
Published: April 2022

While I worked in my invention for can crusher machine (patent No. 4610 in 2016), I studied all the early patents for such machines all over the world, which is hard task. This paper aims at summarizing the early patents for can crusher machines within the period from 1994 to 1995, e.g., couple of years. We presented here a title of each patent, patent number, name of the inventor, the patent issued date and an overview of patent layout. This study is thought to be very useful for inventors who worked on patents for next generation of can crusher machines.
Effect of Type of Adhesive Material on the Strength of Bullet-Proof Glass: A Parametric Study
Authors: Thakur Nitin , Bharj Rabinder Singh , Kumar Pramod
Published: April 2022

Laminated glass armors play key roles in defense and architecture due to its high aesthetics and inviolability. Armor designing is based upon Wave propagation phenomena produced during a high velocity impact. Laminated glass or bulletproof glass usually comprises of two or more glass sheets bonded by an interfacial layer of adhesives and backed with a high strength ductile polymer (polycarbonate). Typical bonding agents include either high performance adhesives or synthetic resins such as Polyurethane or Polyvinyl butyral (PVB). Recent literature review infers that the ballistic performance of armors is markedly influenced by both the type and thickness of bonding agents, which may be explained by the acoustic impedance mismatch between laminate materials. This paper documents a novel simulation parametric study, considering the material of adhesive layer and thus concluding that, type of adhesive layer plays an important role in maintaining the strength of the bullet-resistant glass. This study took into account the effect of three types of bonding agents (epoxy, polyurethane and PVB) having constant thickness of 1.50 mm, on the ballistic performance of the laminated glass, against AK-47 ammunition projectiles. Simulations were performed in Ansys Explicit Dynamics using a finite element method approach.
Agricultural Robots: The Applications of Robotics in Smart Agriculture: towards More Advanced Agro Informatics Practice
Authors: Paul P. K. , Sinha R. R. , Aithal P. S. , Saavedra Ricardo , Aremu Bashiru , Mewada S.
Published: April 2022

Robotics is a machine which is supported by the Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems. This is basically run with the programmable computer which is run and does the performance and activities automatically. The robotics systems can be done with the integrated systems built inside or it may be done by the external controlling mechanism. It is not mandatory that a robot always looks like a human being. It could be of any form and designing or shape, however, the things in robotics is that it is operated automatically. Robots are applicable in diverse areas and sectors and among these important are include healthcare, business, agriculture, transportation, manufacturing etc. As far as agriculture is concerned, Robotics is very much associated with the various pre and postproduction of agriculture and similar sectors. Initially in harvesting only the robotics were used but currently, there are more concerns where robotics can be applicable viz. drone for the weed controlling, plant seeding, environmental assessing and monitoring, soil mapping and analysis, etc. Initially, only basic Information Technology tools were common in agricultural practices but in recent past, many technologies are using in agriculture and among these important are Cloud Computing, Big Data, HCI, Usability Engineering, Robotics and AI, etc. According to the market analysis companies the growth of the robotics is very increasing and will touch the high very soon. This paper talks about the basics of robotics including a special focus on agriculture. Paper also highlighted the areas of applications with the concern of issues and challenges in brief.
Review on the Effect of Geometrical Parameter on Heat Transfer Performance for LED
Authors: Jadhav A. R. , Kumbhar S. V. , Pol G. J.
Published: April 2022

LED lamp use increases day by day. In LED about 80% of energy is converted into heat. Excess heat causes a decrease in life as well as illumination efficiency. In this paper, we reviewed the different techniques used for the cooling of the LED. Generally, the passive method is preferred in the cooling of the LED. An experimental and numerical study was done by the researcher to obtain optimum arrangement for heat dissipation from the heat sink of the LED. Qie shen discussed the effect of orientation of fin on a rate of heat transfer. Hao wegang studied the effect of fin length fin height synergy angle on thermal resistance. Yicang Huang carried out a numerical simulation of the different arrangements of heat sinks like conventional and OPF and PPF.
Numerical Investigation in Augmentation of Heat Transfer in a Rectangular Duct Using Al2O3 and CuO Nanofluids
Authors: Christopher David Santosh , Atiso Tsegaye Alemayehu , Markos Mebratu
Published: April 2022

A numerical investigation was conducted to predict the greater thermal enhancement in the rectangular duct using different nanofluids – Aluminum oxide (Al2 O3) and Copper oxide (CuO) are employed in the investigation and magnitude are compared with base fluid to ascertain the augmentation of thermal efficiency. Ansys-Fluent 13 used for simulation to identify the augmentation of heat transfer among fluids. A simulation conducted in Laminar flow with Reynolds number (Re) ranges from 20 to 40 at constant heat flux 2000 W/m2. The research reported the contour of temperature distribution, pressure variation, and magnitude velocity, Result reveals that copper oxide nanofluids have produced significant thermal performances than other nanofluid particles.
Development and Travel Time Analysis of Automated Storage and Retrieval System
Authors: Parab Anuradha S. , Gore P. N.
Published: April 2022

Automated storage and retrieval system (AS/RS) is major automated storage method mainly used in warehouse and distribution centers. Objective of the study is to analyze expected travel time while performing storage/ travel request for randomized storage allocation and return to input-output dwell point policy. Single and Dual command cycle time expressions are verified through mathematical calculations and experimental observations.AS/RS model is prototyped with the help of Arduino Uno microcontroller board used as programmable controller system. Android interfacing makes system easy to access and control. Physical prototyping of AS/RS ensures better knowledge gain related to hardware, software and communication interfacing module.
Role of Roads on Housing and Health of Fringe of Raipur City, Chhattisgarh: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Mukherjee Shyama Prasanna
Published: April 2022

The World Health Organization (WHO) stated that housing is a residential environment for family and individuals which involved as physical structure used for shelter. It is one of the basic human needs after food and clothing. Housing is most essential for civilized existence. The development of housing therefore must enjoy high priority in poor society where facilities and amenities are below the minimum standard. In the fringe of Raipur city most of the selected village’s subordinate (lower level) housing condition because of such villages are closely associated with the low level of socio–economic and cultured lifestyle. In the study area, the quality of houses is medium or low type because low quality materials used for construction and lack of modern planning to frame the building components. Health is the ability of communities or individuals to put down physical, mental or social challenges. It is a complete physical, mental and social well being. The health condition of communities mostly depends on efficient and flourished health care system. In the case of Raipur Fringe health care infrastructure is very poor. There are no any primary health centers in the selected remote villages.
Mapping and Analysis of Land Use/Land Cover Change in Kelani Watershed, Sri Lanka
Authors: Perera S. P. H. P. , Ranasinghe A. K. R. N.
Published: April 2022

The Kelani watershed is recognized as the second largest watershed in Sri Lanka. Kelaniriver is the main drinking water resource of people those who live in the Kelani catchment area. Kelani watershed is a productive eco-system which provides habitats for various inherent plant and animal species. But at present, it has been revealed that various human activities affect badly on the watershed of the Kelaniriver. Land Use/ Land Cover (LULC) change in the watershed can directly or indirectly impact on the natural balance of the terrestrial and aquatic eco-systems of the watershed area. In the present study, an attempt was made to detect the LULC change in the Kelani watershed during past nineteen years from year 2000 to 2019. Kelani watershed region which was the study area of the present research was delineated using SRTM DEMs. Satellite images of years 2000, 2010 and 2019 were classified according to the LULC types using Supervised Classification technique. The classified images were subjected to the analysis in order to determine the extent of each LULC type and their changes. In the present study, the quantities of LULC changes which have taken place in the Kelani watershed from year 2000 to 2019 were determined and mapped. Post classification change detection analysis was executed using cross classification technique on a pixel by pixel basis. It resulted in a two-way cross matrix containing different combinations of "from-to" change classes and a thematic layer representing them. The vegetation cover in year 2000 has been decreased by 333 km2 during the 19 years’ time period. Built-up areas have been increased by 367 km2 . Bare lands have been decreased by about 21 km2 . Water bodies have been decreased by 13 km2 . This study illustrated that the extent of the water bodies, bare land and vegetation which were present in year 2000 have been declined by around 41%, 17% and 17% respectively within the nineteen years’ time period. Increment of built up areas was 208% during the same time period. Obtained results provided better evidences of deforestation and rapid urbanization in the study area.
Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change Along the East Coast of India
Authors: Nivedha E. , Ambujam N. K.
Published: April 2022

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change states that the “Warming in the climate system is unequivocal and since 1950 many changes have been observed throughout the climate system that are unprecedented over decades to millennia. Each of the last three decades has been successively warmer at the Earth’s surface than any preceding decade since1850”. The changing climate resulting in unprecedented monsoon and high intense extreme weather events along the coast of India had created serious effects on the coastal communities. This study is conducted in Lower Vellar basin, Tamil Nadu, India which is vulnerable to floods along the coast witnessing series of cyclones during the north east monsoon and droughts along the plains since the plain region is the tail end of the deltaic zone. The main objectives of the study are to identify the peoples’ perception on climate change and the adaptation strategies by the people in the forest, agricultural and coastal areas of the Lower Vellar Basin to the changing climate. The primary data collection involved the usage of participatory rural appraisal tools like questionnaire, group discussions and key person interviews. The peoples’ perception recorded has shown the change they have felt in the changing climate for the past 15 years. The traditional farmers and fishermen were considered to be the key focal point, since they had witnessed the changing climate over a decade. The factors contributing to the choice of adaptation strategies were analyzed using Multinominal logit modelling to estimate the most influencing factor in the choice of adaptation strategy. Lack of financial support and lack of knowledge on adaptation techniques were the major hindrances to adaptation. This indicates that a people centered development approach at the decentralized level is essential in order to withstand the changing climate and achieve the 2030 sustainable agenda.
THE SET OF AGROECOTOURISM’S THEORETICAL MODELS FOR TERRITORIAL AND FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION
Authors: Ostapenko Inna Ivanovna
Published: April 2022

Actively developing agro-ecotourism enterprises structurally reflect the existing set of specificity of regional factors. This is reflected in various organizational and technological models that make it possible to work effectively in specific regional conditions.
The role of statistics in improving education
Authors:   Michigan State University, Burrill Gail
Published: April 2022

The goal of teaching statistics is to foster an adult population capable of reasoning from and about data and making informed decisions based on quantitative information in the workplace, in their personal lives and as citizens. This paper describes examples of data available to those involved in the design and delivery of education and some of the statistical skills and reasoning necessary to understand, interpret and use that information about schools, teachers, and students to improve their educational systems. Educators in the United States increasingly have access to data such as achievement trends over time, item analyses from high stakes tests, or comparison data for states and comparable systems that can help them develop ways to improve student learning. Unfortunately, few educators have sufficient understanding of statistics to make use of this data to help prevent errors in decision-making.
Taking statistics outside the classroom: researching the community
Authors:   Roosevelt Academy, Verhoeven Pieternella
Published: April 2022

Oftentimes, students who take (mandatory) Introductory Statistics fail to see the value of statistics for society, or for their future careers. In order to make statistics more valuable to students and show them how statistical results are put into use in the immediate region, community based group projects were introduced to students in the Netherlands. This paper reports the outcome of an evaluation of these projects. The results show that students who took part in these projects report higher self confidence and math skills and they more firmly believe in future use of statistics. Furthermore, after finishing the project they value statistics better and they believe it is less difficult. Most importantly however, the grades of students who participated in group projects improved compared to students who did not take part in any student projects in their course. Evaluations show that students start to see the added value of statistics.
Statistics and the working nurse
Authors:   University of Georgia, Molnar Adam
Published: April 2022

Recently, Bellarmine University's Nursing department introduced two new programs: a bachelor's degree for registered nurses, and a professional doctorate in nursing practice. These programs enroll working nurses, who have substantially different needs than the traditional undergraduate population. This paper discusses how statistics course offerings have adapted to the demands of the other profession. More specifically, this paper considers several topics. Funding differs, since the employer pays most costs. Because participants have full time jobs, course meetings must become less frequent and longer, leading to substantial challenges. The topics and examples need to balance customary choices with the rapidly changing demands of the medical profession. Students' experience and computer availability shift computing requirements. Finally, the students have different demographics and personalities; this alters how classes are conducted, including the perplexing problem of perfectionism.
An interactive methodology to teach sampling and statistical inference
Authors:   University of São Paulo State, Subdefeld Maria Lucia Marçal Mazza , Perri Sílvia Helena Venturoli ,   University of São Paulo State, Rodrigues Marco Aurélio Borella ,   University of São Paulo State
Published: April 2022

In the course of our experience teaching statistics to students in biological fields, we noticed that they have great difficulty understanding the statistical inference process and sampling theory. These students should be prepared to understand scientific papers, to develop research in health areas, and to establish a good relationship with patients when explaining about diseases and treatment decisions. This paper aims to test a new methodology to teach Biostatistics by developing the statistical thinking to understand inference. Two classes of biological courses at the University of São Paulo State in Araçatuba, Brazil were chosen to be the experimental and control group. In the first group, a new methodology was developed. At the end of the year, both classes were assessed on the same test as to the understanding of the statistical inference.
Making statistics friendly to users.
Authors:   Research Department, Central Bank of Nigeria, Nwosu Chioma
Published: April 2022

Statistics have great potential to generate knowledge and serve as basis for decisions taken by policy makers and the public; however, the understanding of the facts and figures behind policies and political processes is confronted with growing difficulties. This is because many people do not know about statistics or do not care about them as they do not understand them. This paper explored innovative tools for exploring statistics and ways of disseminating them in such a way that it would be understood by the common man. The main focus of the paper is on methods to enhance the understanding and presentation of statistical data. This would be done to increase transparency regarding the National Statistical Systems, to foster the ability of critical data interpretation through the public, to prevent misuse of data, and to improve confidence in policies based on statistical data.
دور الحوكمة الرشيدة في رفع كفاءة الرقابة على شركات التأمين التكافلي في لبنان (حالة عملية شركة الأمان للتأمين التكافلي)
Authors:   أستاذ مشارك، رئيس قسم المالية، كلية العلوم الاقتصادية وإدارة الأعمال، الجامعة اللبنانية، لبنان, غياض الدكتورة/ رشا , حمدان الدكتور/ محمد علي ,   أستاذ مشارك، رئيس قسم التسويق، كلية العلوم الاقتصادية وإدارة الأعمال، الجامعة اللبنانية، لبنان, حصيد راشد حسن ,   ماجستير في القانون، كلية الحقوق، الجامعة الإسلامية، لبنان
Published: April 2022

إن نشاط شركات التأمين التكافلي يكتنفه العديد من المخاطر وأهمها عدم قدرتها على الوفاء بالتزاماتها تجاه دائنيها، الأمر الذي يتطلب منها اتخاذ التدابير والإجراءات الملائمة لإدارة وضبط هذه المخاطر. هناك تحديات تواجه التأمين التكافلي في لبنان بسبب إخضاع شركات التأمين التكافلي للقانون اللبناني الوضعي. لقد تناول البحث دور الحوكمة في رفع كفاءة الرقابة على شركات التأمين التكافلي وتمت معالجة نقطة غياب الرقابة ذات "البعد الديني " ان على مستوى الإدارة الداخلية لشركات التأمين التقليدية أو على مستوى رقابة الدولة على شركات التأمين. لنصل الى استنتاج مفادده وجوب تطوير قانون التأمين التكافلي في لبنان. فالحوكمة في التأمين التكافلي ضرورة وحاجة، يقترح البحث اولا تعديل قانوني يُلزم مؤسسات التأمين التكافلي بتعيين هيئة للفتوى والرقابة الشرعية الداخلية تكون فتاواها ملزمة لإدارة الشركة، وتكون لها سلطة الرقابة والتدقيق الشرعي على عمليات الشركة المنفذة، وحق الطلب، والاطلاع على كافة الدفاتر والسجلات والبيانات التي تتطلبها الرقابة، والعقود الخاصة بالشركة، حق الرقابة الكاملة على أعمال الشركة، ورفع تقاريرها إلى مجلس الإدارة ودعوة الجمعية العمومية للانعقاد إذا رفض مجلس الإدارة الاستجابة لفتاواها. ثانيا، ضرورة انشاء هيئة رقابة شرعية عليا على مستوى الدولة للتحقق من اعمال شركات التأمين التكافلي التأمينية والاستثمارية من الناحية الشرعية. خلص البحث الى اقتراح يقوم على ان ينص القانون على ضرورة تشكيل لجنة عليا للفتوى والرقابة الشرعية.
أثر جائحة كورونا على الحوكمة المؤسسية
Authors:   طالب دكتوره في الإدارة، جامعة محمد الخامس، المملكة المغربية, الفضالة فضالة
Published: April 2022

تركت جائحة كورونا وما زالت تترك بصماتها في كل مكان ومجال، بما في ذلك الحوكمة المؤسسية، حيث يمكننا القول إن جائحة كورونا أحدثت تغييرا جذريا في أسلوب تعاملنا وفهمنا للحوكمة، ولكيفية تطبيق مبادئها. من هنا، تناول البحث مشكلة محددة تتعلق بتأثيرات جائحة كورونا على الحوكمة المؤسسية. الهدف الرئيسي للبحث هو توضيح الآثار التي أحدثتها جائحة كورونا في قواعد الحوكمة المؤسسية، وذلك من خلال توضيح تأثيرات جائحة كورونا على القواعد والمعايير التالية: أصحاب المصلحة، العلاقات مع المجتمع، مكافآت المديرين، الشفافية والإفصاح، مجلس الإدارة. اعتمد البحث بشكل رئيسي على المنهج المكتبي من خلال مراجعة أدبيات الموضوع وبالتالي فالبحث اعتمد المصادر الثانوية المنشورة في الكتب والدوريات. تبين من خلال مراجعة ومناقشة أدبيات الموضوع أن جائحة كورونا أثرت بشكل واضح على ككل ما يتعلق بالحوكمة المؤسسية من حيث أدوارها وقواعدها ومبادئها، ولذا يمكننا القول إن الحوكمة ما بعد الجائحة لن تكون كما كانت قبل الجائحة. كما تبين أن جائحة كورونا ساهمت في التنبيه على أهمية تواصل المؤسسات مع مجتمعاتها وتحملها للمسؤولية الاجتماعية، وأهمية تحديد اولويات أصحاب المصلحة، وأهمية إعادة النظر في تشكيلة مجلس الإدارة. كما ساهمت جائحة كورونا في التنبيه إلى أهمية إعادة النظر في أسس منح المكافآت للمديرين، وفي قواعد العدالة في منح الحوافز المالية. وكشفت النتائج أن أحد آثار جائحة كورونا على الحوكمة المؤسسية تمثلت في التأكيد على أهمية الشفافية والإفصاح وتوفير المعلومات بسرعة ودقة ونزاهة دون تأخير أو مبالغة أو تضليل. بناء على ذلك تم تقديم مجموعة من التوصيات العملية والعلمية لتطوير قواعد الحوكمة بما ينسجم مع مرحلة ما بعد جائحة كورونا.
PROCEDURE FOR PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF THE CHASSIS OF TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT
Authors: Ilyasov Alisher , Kosbolov Serikbai
Published: April 2022

This article discusses the components, schemes, designs and chassis designs of modern transport aircraft. The strength calculation shows that the chassis design meets the general and strength requirements for transport aircraft. The article will develop a procedure for preliminary design of the chassis of transport aircraft. The developed algorithm for comparing the source data with statistical data provides for data exchange with the project database. In addition, the possibility of exchanging design data allows you to dramatically reduce the amount of data entered into the model, in particular, into the general elementary model of the airframe, and provides automatic connection of the chassis mounting units with the airframe batteries. The developed procedure systematizes the data, reduces the time to determine the main parameters of the chassis and reduces the likelihood of errors.