bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Update on Endodontic Microsurgery of Mandibular Molars: A Focused Review
Authors: Jang Sun Mi , Kim Euiseong , Min Kyung-San
Published: March 2021

Endodontic microsurgery is a highly predictable treatment option in most cases when conventional endodontic treatment is not feasible. Nevertheless, mandibular molars are still considered by clinicians to be the most difficult type of teeth, with the lowest success rate. In recent years, endodontic microsurgery has been attempted more frequently with the emergence of modern cutting-edge technologies such as dental operating microscopes, various microsurgical instruments, and biocompatible materials, and the success rate is increasing. This review describes the current state of the art in endodontic microsurgical techniques and concepts for mandibular molars. Notably, this review highlights contemporary equipment, technology, and materials.
Protective Effect of Spirulina-Derived C-Phycocyanin against Ultraviolet B-Induced Damage in HaCaT Cells
Authors: Jang Young Ah , Kim Bo Ae
Published: March 2021

Background and objectives: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) overwhelm the antioxidant defense system, induce oxidative stress, and increase matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, resulting in skin aging. Thus, preventing ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced skin damage can attenuate skin aging. Spirulina (a biomass of cyanobacteria, also called blue-green algae) is comprised of prokaryotes, whereas microalgae are eukaryotes and are rich in phycocyanin, a powerful antioxidant. Materials and Methods: Here, we investigated the photoprotective effects of spirulina-derived C-phycocyanin (C-PC) against UVB radiation using keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). Results: UVB radiation increased MMP-1 and MMP-9 expression but decreased involucrin, filaggrin, and loricrin expression. C-PC showed no toxicity at concentrations of 5–80 μg/mL in terms of HaCaT cell viability. UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells had a 50.8% survival rate, which increased to 80.3% with C-PC treatment. MMP expression increased with UVB treatment, whereas MMP-1 and MMP-9 concentrations decreased with C-PC treatment. UVB reduced involucrin, filaggrin, and loricrin expression in HaCaT cells, but 80 μg/mL C-PC increased their expression by >25%. In the UVB radiation group, dichlorofluorescin diacetate fluorescence intensity in HaCaT cells increased by 81.6% compared with that in the control group, whereas ROS production was reduced by 51.2% and 55.1% upon treatment with 40 and 80 μg/mL C-PC, respectively. Conclusions: C-PC might reduce or prevent skin aging by reducing UVB irradiation-induced skin wrinkles and free radicals.
Creep Behavior and Microstructural Evolution of Al–Cu–Mg–Ag Alloys with Various High Cu Contents
Authors: Peng Fangle , Wang Jiefang , Yang Ruibin , Xia Yage , Zhang Guopeng , Cai Bin
Published: March 2021

The creep behavior and microstructural evolution of three Al–Cu–Mg–Ag alloys with Cu content around its solid solubility limit in Al (5.65 wt %) were investigated at 180–240 °C and applied stress of 150–300 MPa. The creep resistance of aged alloy, which is mainly determined by the number density of Ω phase, is the best for 6.00 wt % Cu, better for 5.30 wt % Cu, and the worst for 5.65 wt % Cu. After solid-solution treatment, the lowest Cu content in the Al matrix for the alloy with 5.65 wt % Cu is observed due to the existence of more residual phases. It results in the lowest number density of Ω phase the following aging and poor creep resistance. Increasing temperature from 180 to 240 °C at the same stress (225 MPa), the steady creep rate of alloys increases by 225 times, which is apparently larger than that (26 times) for increasing stress from 225 to 300 MPa at the same temperature (180 °C). It indicates that the coarsening of the Ω phase with increasing temperature should be more serious than that with increasing stress. The creep mechanism of Al–Cu–Mg–Ag alloy can be attributed to the dislocation climb with the existence of threshold stress.
Microbial Succession under Freeze–Thaw Events and Its Potential for Hydrocarbon Degradation in Nutrient-Amended Antarctic Soil
Authors: Jesus Hugo Emiliano de , Carreira Renato S. , Paiva Simone S. M. , Massone Carlos , Enrich-Prast Alex , Peixoto Raquel S. , Rodrigues Jorge L. Mazza , Lee Charles K. , Cary Craig , Rosado Alexandre S.
Published: March 2021

The polar regions have relatively low richness and diversity of plants and animals, and the basis of the entire ecological chain is supported by microbial diversity. In these regions, understanding the microbial response against environmental factors and anthropogenic disturbances is essential to understand patterns better, prevent isolated events, and apply biotechnology strategies. The Antarctic continent has been increasingly affected by anthropogenic contamination, and its constant temperature fluctuations limit the application of clean recovery strategies, such as bioremediation. We evaluated the bacterial response in oil-contaminated soil through a nutrient-amended microcosm experiment using two temperature regimes: (i) 4 °C and (ii) a freeze–thaw cycle (FTC) alternating between −20 and 4 °C. Bacterial taxa, such as Myxococcales, Chitinophagaceae, and Acidimicrobiales, were strongly related to the FTC. Rhodococcus was positively related to contaminated soils and further stimulated under FTC conditions. Additionally, the nutrient-amended treatment under the FTC regime enhanced bacterial groups with known biodegradation potential and was efficient in removing hydrocarbons of diesel oil. The experimental design, rates of bacterial succession, and level of hydrocarbon transformation can be considered as a baseline for further studies aimed at improving bioremediation strategies in environments affected by FTC regimes.
Metabolic Reprogramming in Cancer: Role of HPV 16 Variants
Authors: Arizmendi-Izazaga Adán , Navarro-Tito Napoleón , Jiménez-Wences Hilda , Mendoza-Catalán Miguel A. , Martínez-Carrillo Dinorah N. , Zacapala-Gómez Ana E. , Olea-Flores Monserrat , Dircio-Maldonado Roberto , Torres-Rojas Francisco I. , Soto-Flores Diana G. , Illades-Aguiar Berenice , Ortiz-Ortiz Julio
Published: March 2021

Metabolic reprogramming is considered one of the hallmarks in cancer and is characterized by increased glycolysis and lactate production, even in the presence of oxygen, which leads the cancer cells to a process called “aerobic glycolysis” or “Warburg effect”. The E6 and E7 oncoproteins of human papillomavirus 16 (HPV 16) favor the Warburg effect through their interaction with a molecule that regulates cellular metabolism, such as p53, retinoblastoma protein (pRb), c-Myc, and hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α). Besides, the impact of the E6 and E7 variants of HPV 16 on metabolic reprogramming through proteins such as HIF-1α may be related to their oncogenicity by favoring cellular metabolism modifications to satisfy the energy demands necessary for viral persistence and cancer development. This review will discuss the role of HPV 16 E6 and E7 variants in metabolic reprogramming and their contribution to developing and preserving the malignant phenotype of cancers associated with HPV 16 infection.
Exploring Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Microbiomes Helps in Detecting Tick-Borne Infectious Agents in the Blood of Camels
Authors: Mohamed Wessam Mohamed Ahmed , Ali Alsagher O. , Mahmoud Hassan Y. A. H. , Omar Mosaab A. , Chatanga Elisha , Salim Bashir , Naguib Doaa , Anders Jason L. , Nonaka Nariaki , Moustafa Mohamed Abdallah Mohamed , Nakao Ryo
Published: March 2021

Dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) are widely distributed in Africa, the Middle East and northern India. In this study, we aimed to detect tick-borne pathogens through investigating prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms in camel blood based on a metagenomic approach and then to characterize potentially pathogenic organisms using traditional molecular techniques. We showed that the bacteria circulating in the blood of camels is dominated by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. At the genus level, Sediminibacterium, Hydrotalea, Bradyrhizobium and Anaplasma were the most abundant taxa. Eukaryotic profile was dominated by Fungi, Charophyta and Apicomplexa. At the genus level, Theileria was detected in 10 out of 18 samples, while Sarcocystis, Hoplorhynchus and Stylocephalus were detected in one sample each. Our metagenomic approach was successful in the detection of several pathogens or potential pathogens including Anaplasma sp., Theileria ovis, Th. separata, Th. annulate, Th. mutans-like and uncharacterized Theileria sp. For further characterization, we provided the partial sequences of citrate synthase (gltA) and heat-shock protein (groEL) genes of Candidatus Anaplasma camelii. We also detected Trypanosoma evansi type A using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region. This combined metagenomic and traditional approach will contribute to a better understanding of the epidemiology of pathogens including tick-borne bacteria and protozoa in animals.
Understanding the Role of Objectivity in Machine Learning and Research Evaluation
Authors: Javed Saleha , Adewumi Tosin P. , Liwicki Foteini Simistira , Liwicki Marcus
Published: March 2021

This article makes the case for more objectivity in Machine Learning (ML) research. Any research work that claims to hold benefits has to be scrutinized based on many parameters, such as the methodology employed, ethical considerations and its theoretical or technical contribution. We approach this discussion from a Naturalist philosophical outlook. Although every analysis may be subjective, it is important for the research community to keep vetting the research for continuous growth and to produce even better work. We suggest standardizing some of the steps in ML research in an objective way and being aware of various biases threatening objectivity. The ideal of objectivity keeps research rational since objectivity requires beliefs to be based on facts. We discuss some of the current challenges, the role of objectivity in the two elements (product and process) that are up for consideration in ML and make recommendations to support the research community.
Model-Based Solution for Upgrading Nitrogen Removal for a Full-Scale Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant with CASS Process
Authors: Liu Mengmeng , Chen Meixue , Qi Rong , Yu Dawei , Yang Min , Zheng Jiaxi , Wei Yuansong , Du Haizhou
Published: March 2021

Aiming at providing cost-effective approach for upgrading the existing municipal wastewater treatment plants in the cold region of China to meet more stringent discharge standards of nitrogen removal, a full-scale sewage treatment plant with the CASS process was selected through focusing on biological process, key equipment and hydrodynamics in bioreactors by the activated sludge model 1 (ASM1) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. Influent COD fractions and the key characteristic parameters (YH and bH) of the activated sludge were determined through the respirometry at temperatures of 10 °C and 20 °C, respectively. The layout of submerged agitator installation in the bioreactor of the CASS process was optimized through CFD simulation. The calculation of the average relative deviation (less than 20%) between simulated data and the operation data, demonstrated that the ASM1 model could be reasonably used in the wastewater treatment plant simulation. The upgrade solution based on modelling of ASM1 and CFD was successfully applied in practice, which not only made the effluent COD, NH4+-N and TN concentrations meet with the discharge standard of Grade I-A, but also reduced the energy consumption by 25% and 16.67% in summer and winter, respectively. After upgrading, microbial diversity increased in both summer and winter, with an especially significant increase of the relative abundance of denitrifying bacteria.
‘Em Procissão Solene a Deus Orando, para os Batéis Viemos Caminhando’—The Long Ebb-Tide of Catholic Public Piety in the Former-Portuguese Enclave of Macao
Authors: Morgan Stephen
Published: March 2021

When the City of the Name of God of Macao marked 400 years of Portuguese administration in 1956, the Catholic community’s participation was marked by a wide range of activities that included liturgical celebrations, public processions and other devotions that involved large numbers of the lay faithful, members of confraternities, in addition to the clergy and religious of the enclave. Twenty-one years later the Diocese of Macao celebrated its own quatercentenary with celebrations of a decidedly more sober character and at the retrocession of Macao to Chinese control in December 1999, other than a few liturgical events and hierarchical presence at civic ceremonies, the Church was all but invisible. As the Diocese of Macao plans for its 450th anniversary, some of the former richness has begun to return. This paper outlines the long ebb tide and now-nascent flow of the tide of Catholic public piety in Macao over this period by reference to the Catholic religious processions of the City and seeks to offer tentative explanations grounded in the theological, ecclesial, political and cultural winds that have blown across the Pearl River Delta since the end of the Second World War.
‘Policing Is a Profession of the Heart’: Evangelicalism and Modern American Policing
Authors: Griffith Aaron
Published: March 2021

Though several powerful explorations of modern evangelical influence in American politics and culture have appeared in recent years (many of which illumine the seeming complications of evangelical influence in the Trump era), there is more work that needs to be done on the matter of evangelical understandings of and influence in American law enforcement. This article explores evangelical interest and influence in modern American policing. Drawing upon complementary interpretations of the “antistatist statist” nature of modern evangelicalism and the carceral state, this article offers a short history of modern evangelical understandings of law enforcement and an exploration of contemporary evangelical ministry to police officers. It argues that, in their entries into debates about law enforcement’s purpose in American life, evangelicals frame policing as both a divinely sanctioned activity and a site of sentimental engagement. Both frames expand the power and reach of policing, limiting evangelicals’ abilities to see and correct problems within the profession.
Gender Inequity and Academic Progression: How Much of Our Silence Is Chosen?
Authors: Sawrikar Pooja
Published: March 2021

In late 2019, I was invited by Societies Journal to establish a Special Issue on a topic of my choosing [...]
Protective Effect of Nasal Colonisation with ∆cps/piaA and ∆cps/proABCStreptococcus pneumoniae Strains against Recolonisation and Invasive Infection
Authors: Ramos-Sevillano Elisa , Ercoli Giuseppe , Guerra-Assunção José Afonso , Felgner Philip , Ramiro de Assis Rafael , Nakajima Rie , Goldblatt David , Tetteh Kevin Kweku Adjei , Heyderman Robert Simon , Gordon Stephen Brian , Ferreria Daniela Mulari , Brown Jeremy Stuart
Published: March 2021

Rationale: Nasopharyngeal administration of live virulence-attenuated Streptococcus pneumoniae strains is a potential novel preventative strategy. One target for creating reduced virulence S. pneumoniae strains is the capsule, but loss of the capsule reduces the duration of S. pneumoniae colonisation in mice which could impair protective efficacy against subsequent infection. Objectives: To assess protective efficacy of nasopharyngeal administration of unencapsulated S. pneumoniae strains in murine infection models. Methods: Strains containing cps locus deletions combined with the S. pneumoniae virulence factors psaA (reduces colonisation) or proABC (no effect on colonisation) were constructed and their virulence phenotypes and ability to prevent recolonisation or invasive infection assessed using mouse infection models. Serological responses to colonisation were compared between strains using ELISAs, immunoblots and 254 S. pneumoniae protein antigen array. Measurements and Main Results: The ∆cps/piaA and ∆cps/proABC strains were strongly attenuated in virulence in both invasive infection models and had a reduced ability to colonise the nasopharynx. ELISAs, immunoblots and protein arrays showed colonisation with either strain stimulated weaker serological responses than the wild type strain. Mice previously colonised with these strains were protected against septicaemic pneumonia but, unlike mice colonised with the wild type strain, not against S. pneumoniae recolonisation. Conclusions: Colonisation with the ∆cps/piaA and ∆cps/proABC strains prevented subsequent septicaemia, but in contrast, to published data for encapsulated double mutant strains they did not prevent recolonisation with S. pneumoniae. These data suggest targeting the cps locus is a less effective option for creating live attenuated strains that prevent S. pneumoniae infections.
Structure of Economic Growth of the Countries of the Eurasian Union
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sukharev Oleg S.
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the study is to determine the existing growth models of the countries of the Eurasian Union by GDP expenditures and sectors (manufacturing, transactional raw materials). The research methodology is a macroeconomic analysis of the dynamics of the main indicator of economic development — gross domestic product. The research method is a structural analysis that allows you to get a structural formula for calculating the contribution of each component of GDP to the growth rate, as well as a comparative analysis of the dynamics models of the countries in question — Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia. The result of the study is the obtained structural relationships that make it possible to measure the influence of the investment structure on the growth rate, the criteria describing economic growth with a corresponding change in the country's national wealth, as well as the identification of models of economic dynamics by the countries of the Eurasian Union. It is indicative that the transaction sector dominates in Kazakhstan and Russia, while in other countries a mixed model is found, or industrial growth as in Belarus. According to the components of GDP and expenditures of the country, either a mixed or a consumer model is found (Kyrgyzstan, Russia), however, the contribution of government spending to the growth rate is provided only in Kazakhstan. It was also revealed that the reaction to the crisis of 2009 and 2015 was fundamentally different for the countries of the Eurasian Union. The search for the factor conditions of such a prevailing dynamics, as well as the influence of union economic relations on the formation of a growth model in each country, requires an expansion of research and an analytical perspective
Tectoeconomics is the Forerunner of All Social Production Economies
Authors: Lebedev Yurii G.
Published: March 2021

Based on elaborated concept of reviving the culture of industrial consumption of resources, an attempt is made to prove the existence of tectoeconomics resulting from tectology — a universal organizational science. Tectoeconomics is understood as the art of conducting business as well as other creative activities based on selection and implementation of decisions to streamline the processes of creating and consuming material and spiritual goods. It is shown that the possibilities for socioeconomic growth should be sought in cultural origins. On the basis of perceptions on tectoeconomics, the author has identified one of the main structural and organizational shortcomings of domestic economy, which does not contain in the trade sphere a specific industrial branch in the form of a system of culture-forming service material centers, eliminating the own procurement production of finished products producers and contributing to intensive growth of the middle class. The article is commemorating the 100th anniversary of publishing the main work of the national thinker, encyclopedic scientist Alexander A. Bogdanov “Tectology. General organizational science”. In the Belarusian magazine OnAir No. 7 (104) 2018, was published an article by N.V. Kostyukovich “Two lives of Alexander Bogdanov”.
Corporate Transparency Rating of the Largest Companies in the Russian Federation for 2019
Authors:   Da-Strategy Group, Zhuravlev Aleksey V. , Zelenov Vladimir E. ,   Da-Strategy Group
Published: March 2021

As a part of the corporate transparency study, public annual non-financial reports of companies for 2018 (integrated reports, traditional annual reports, environmental reports, social reports, sustainable development reports, corporate social responsibility reports, etc.) are examined. The sample includes companies from the Expert-600 rating, as well as companies listed on the Moscow and foreign exchanges (LSE, NYSE, NASDAQ HKEX, Euronext NV, DeutscheBörseGroup); backbone companies of the Russian Federation; state corporations and the companies they control with revenues of at least 3 billion rubles. 1,192 companies were inspected in 2019. Every year professional audit on conformity of the study with the stated methodology is conducted. The permanent auditor of the study is Nexia Pacioli audit company.
A Look at Management from the Shaolin Temple
Authors:   Shaolin Europe Association, Mi Shi Xing , Furta Stanislav D. ,   Institute for Economic Strategies; Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Published: March 2021

If you ask an ordinary resident of Russia what he knows about the Shaolin Temple, that was hiding for a long time from human eyes in the Songshan Mountains, he will surely remember numerous colourful films on martial arts exercised by the monks. What else? The most advanced will say that Shaolin Monastery is associated with the name of one of the patriarchs of Chan Buddhism, the Indian monastic warrior Bodhidharma, who passed to the Shaolin inhabitants a method that fundamentally changed their practice of perceiving spiritual experience and improving physical health. Meanwhile, Shaolin is an integral harmonious philosophical system based on ancient Eastern wisdom, not at all contradicting Western knowledge (and we will prove it!), but harmoniously complementing the latter. And if we are talking about philosophical system, that is, a picture of how the world works, it is natural to build management approaches within this picture. It is really possible, which is confirmed by experience of the article authors as coaches and organizational development consultants.
Development Strategy for the Unified National Electric Grid (UNEG) on Territories with Decentralized Energy Supply in the Russian Federation
Authors:   Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University), Il'kovskij Konstantin K. , Ahmetshina Guzel’ R. ,   Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University), Il'kovskij Daniil K. ,   St. Petersburg State University of Civil Aviation, Kusimov Marsel’ R. ,   Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University)
Published: March 2021

The article dwells on the need to develop distribution networks of the Unified National Electric Grid in areas with decentralized energy supply, the authors estimate possible reduction in diesel fuel consumption for electricity generation by diesel power plants (DPP), summarize the existing experience, estimate the installed capacity utilization factor (ICUF) of DPP.
Geopolitics, Geostrategy and Geoeconomics: Reflections on the Changing Force Factors in the International System
Authors:   Geneva Institute of Geopolitical Studies (GIGS), Csurgai Gyula
Published: March 2021

Beginning the article with reminding some basic definitions of geopolitics, correlation of spatial and temporal components herein as well as the systemic nature of geopolitics as a science and the basis for a long-term political strategy, the author proceeds to the topic of relationship between geopolitics and geoeconomics, particularly significant in recent decades. He puts forward the idea that geoeconomics today is an increasingly dynamic and actively driving element in this dyad due to growing technological innovations, increasing competition and subsequent rising complexity of economic strategies of states. Based on well-known examples of economic and political outcomes of applying the state capitalism models or liberal economy, in particular, in the countries that have undergone a radical breakdown of their former economic systems (Russia is also briefly mentioned in this context), the author concludes that it is necessary to form a strategic state, able to develop a sustainable mechanism (including economic intelligence) for development and implementation of national geoeconomics. To support the provisions put forward in the article, the author, as an independent expert, gives a broad outline of geopolitical and geoeconomic shifts in the world in the coming decades
Eurozone on the Verge of Widespread Negative Interest Rates
Authors: Tyminskij Vladimir G.
Published: March 2021

The global economy, including the eurozone, experienced a shock in 2008. As one of the consequences, central banks of the largest economies in the world, in order to support economic activity, reduced interest rates on loans. Although 11 years have passed, in the eurozone lending rates still remain extremely low. This indicates that the monetary union has not yet recovered from the post-crisis state. In fact, more and more probable is becoming a recently inconceivable scenario that the eurozone for a long time will get into the era of negative interest rates
Using Contract Forms of Cooperation Between the Business and the State for Strategic Planning Documents Implementation
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Yevstafyeva Yulia V.
Published: March 2021

Nowadays economic development governance needs immediate restructuring in accordance with institutional requirements of the new technological mode and world-economy system. The shift to these systems is intermediated by the world financial-economic crisis aggravation. The article considers an promising and qualifying arrangement of the state and the enterprises — contracting mutual obligations. There is a detailed review on a recently implemented in the law framework instrument — agreements on protection and encouragement of capital investments. It is suggested to enhance existing set of tools for strategic planning realisation with the multilateral special agreements — target contracts. Parties to contract can be not only public-law entities but also banks, development institutes, educational and scientific institutions.
Environmental Aspect of Implementing Integrated Programs for Optimizing Local Energy in Russia by the Case of the Khabarovsk Territory
Authors:   Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University), Il'kovskii Konstantin K. , Lukovtsev Fedor Yu. ,   Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia, Akhmetshina Guzel' R. ,   Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University)
Published: March 2021

The article dwells on technological and environmental effects of implementing a comprehensive program for optimizing local energy, reducing CO2 emissions from energy generation at diesel power plants. The possibility of using “green” finance as an investment tool is also addressed.
Refunding for Cancelled Applications During a Pandemic
Authors:   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics., Zakharova Elena V. , Malkhasyan Angelina K. ,   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics
Published: March 2021

The issue of money back in connection with the coronavirus pandemic for acquired tour packages is very relevant today. Most companies offer transfer tours or deposits, there are almost no returns. The Federal Tourism Agency explained how operators can use the funds from the personal liability fund (FPO); the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) has published an updated assessment of the likely impact of coronavirus on international tourism. The article discusses ways to return money for canceled applications.
Agglomeration Confines and Coronavirus Diffusion
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Radchenko Dar'ya M. , Ponomarev Yurii Yu. ,   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Published: March 2021

In the absence of vaccines the most effective in terms of countering coronavirus (COVID–19) diffusion are the measures aimed at minimizing and limiting the contacts of population (quarantine, isolation, sanitary protection of territories, social distancing), i.e. isolating sources of contagion, shutdown or interruption of transmission and infection routes. For example, restrictions on relocation at the epidemic epicentre in China have reduced the total number of infections in the country by more than 90%. If the measures already implemented will not allow to stop the epidemic development, while taking decisions on restricting transport movement in agglomerations and major cities it is necessary to take into account the importance of maintaining socioeconomic interaction within their territories. This approach is expedient if the population living in the hour and a half automobile accessibility from these cities exceeds 85% of the total region
National Digital Currency: a Look into the Future
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Grigor’ev Vladimir V.
Published: March 2021

The author argues on advisability of introducing in our country a new virtual national digital currency that operates on the basis of blockchain technology, which will significantly develop the domestic economy. The article provides a definition and identifies certain types of virtual digital currency, shows its advantages and disadvantages, gives a description of the legal framework for the use of virtual digital currency, briefly highlights the experience of its application in our country and abroad, shows its cost capitalization at present. Particular attention is paid to the mechanism of the national digital currency functioning in our country with participation of government bodies.
Reproductive Behaviour of Female Entrepreneurs in Russia
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Ilimbetova Aisylu A.
Published: March 2021

Research in the field of fertility often focuses on peculiarities of reproductive behaviour of various groups of population different in socio-economic status, material and moral needs and reproductive attitudes. Comprehension of these features is important when shaping a pro-birth policy, since different groups of the population may respond differently to the proposed measures. In the article women entrepreneurs are presented as one of the groups of the Russian population with specific reproductive behaviour. The features of demographic profile and reproductive behaviour are analyzed on the basis of results of the All-Russian population census of 2002 and 2010 and a sample survey of the population reproductive plans of 2017.
Экономико-математические аспекты стратегического управления на транспорте
Authors:   Государственный университет управления, Гатауллин Тимур Малютович , Гатауллин Сергей Тимурович ,   Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации
Published: March 2021

В научной статье освещены актуальные проблемы и ключевые направления модернизации методического обеспечения стратегического управления развитием транспортной системы страны. Предложен и обоснован методический подход к оценке синергетического эффекта на основе критерия максимизации добавленной стоимости. Обоснована целесообразность использования при принятии важных решений на транспорте методов оценки стратегического состояния хозяйствующих субъектов: «рост/доля» (матрица BCG), «привлекательность отрасли /позиция конкуренции» (GE) и матрица «жизненного цикла» и др.
Анализ подходов к оценке цифрового неравенства систем образования
Authors:   Государственный университет управления, Константинова Любовь Андреевна , Крамаренко Инна Владимировна ,   Государственный университет управления
Published: March 2021

В условиях глобализации, информационной революции и растущих потребностей в высококвалифицированной рабочей силе страны все больше отдают приоритет образованию. Цифровизация, как современный тренд развития мировой экономики и общества, оказывает влияние и на систему образования. При этом проводить межстрановые сопоставления в области цифровой конкурентоспособности затруднительно в силу отсутствия единых подходов к оценке цифрового разрыва, который смещается от разрыва в доступе и подключении к ИКТ к разрыву в знаниях. Для рассмотрения различных аспектов цифровизации систем образования важно выделить страны, наиболее продвинутые в этом вопросе. С учетом этого для определения мировых тенденций цифрового развития систем образования целесообразно провести их классификацию по признакам, отражающим цифровые различия этих систем. Однако отсутствие таких системообразующих признаков затрудняет классификацию. Поэтому важно определить факторы, которые могут служить основой для проведения классификации систем образования мира по уровню их цифровизации. В международной практике отсутствуют методологические подходы к измерению цифрового неравенства систем образования. Работа представляет собой попытку выявить индикаторы, которые позволили бы сравнивать мировые образовательные модели с точки зрения создания условий для обучения с использованием ИКТ. В результате определена взаимосвязь цифрового разрыва в доступе и подключении к ИКТ и цифрового неравенства национальных систем образования, а также проведено сопоставление национальных систем образования с использованием индикаторов цифрового разрыва.
Современные подходы к материальной мотивации персонала
Authors:   Российский государственный университет нефти и газа (НИУ) имени И.М. Губкина, Корнева Екатерина Владимировна , Еремина Ирина Юрьевна ,   Российский государственный университет нефти и газа (национальный исследовательский университет) имени И.М. Губкина, Абдулкадыров Арсен Саидович ,   Институт социально-политических исследований РАН
Published: March 2021

В настоящей статье рассмотрены современные подходы к мотивации персонала, с учетом актуальных рыночных тенденций. В условиях цифровизации и выхода на рынок «миллениалов» исторически сложившиеся политики и практики становятся менее эффективными и требуют пересмотра. Постепенно усиливается роль краткосрочного вознаграждения, включая премирование по итогам выполнения ключевых показателей эффективности (КПЭ), единовременное и проектное премирование. Одновременно с развитием дистанционного рынка труда снижается роль базового вознаграждения за присутствие на рабочем месте. В фокусе внимания у большинства работодателей находятся «миллениалы», которые привыкли жить «здесь и сейчас», в связи с чем снижается роль долгосрочных программ вознаграждения, изменяются подходы к установлению и периодичности пересмотра заработной платы. Повсеместное внедрение информационных технологий и роботизация производства оказывают непосредственное влияние на требования к персоналу и его компетенциям. Профессиональные знания и навыки отходят на второй план, приоритетными становятся личные качества и социальные навыки. От работодателей требуется гибкость и системность в вопросах управления персоналом для эффективной работы компании и обеспечения ее конкурентоспособности.
Методический подход к оценке упущенной выгоды и ущерба, нанесенного недрам в результате их нерационального использования
Authors:   Московский филиал ООО ", Кузина Елизавета Сергеевна ,   Газпром проектирование", Мелехин Евгений Сергеевич ,   Российский государственный университет нефти и газа (национальный исследовательский университет) имени И.М. Губкина
Published: March 2021

В научной статье рассмотрен методический подход к оценке упущенной выгоды и ущерба, который нанесен недрам в результате их нерационального использования, основанный на нормативных правовых актах Российской Федерации, включающих перечень прав и обязанностей недропользователей, требования по рациональному использованию и охране недр, порядок установления факта правонарушения в области недропользования, ответственность за нарушение законодательства и возмещение убытков, а также порядок компенсации нанесенного ущерба от нерационального недропользования. Использование подхода позволит значительно повысить эколого-экономическую эффективность недропользования.
Стратегический анализ использования земельно-имущественных ресурсов города Москвы
Authors:   Институт экономических стратегий, Афонина Ирина Александровна , Солдатов Ростислав Владимирович ,   Московский городской педагогический университет
Published: March 2021

Научная статья посвящена стратегическому анализу особенностей использования земельно-имущественных ресурсов города Москвы. Акцентируется внимание на действующих и разрабатываемых сегодня в столице России документах стратегического планирования. С учетом анализа стратегических целей и приоритетов земельно-имущественной политики города Москвы выявлена среднесрочная динамика показателей эффективности использования земли и нежилых помещений. На этой основе сделаны выводы о необходимости системного подхода к повышению социально-экономической эффективности использования земельно-имущественных ресурсов города Москвы.
Состояние и тенденции научно-технологического развития промышленности России
Authors:   ФГУП ВНИИ Центр, Бобрышев Артур Дмитриевич , Краснянская Ольга Владимировна ,   Московский технологический университет, Пирогов Николай Леонидович ,   ФГУП ВНИИ Центр
Published: March 2021

В статье дана оценка современного состояния научно-технологического развития промышленности России, определены тенденции его совершенствования. Показана динамика изменений структуры организаций, выполняющих исследования и разработки как по типам организаций, так и по секторам их деятельности. Как отрицательное явление отмечено понижение роли РАН в определении перспектив развития науки и техники. Проанализирована динамика изменений основных показателей инновационной деятельности за период 2010-2018 гг.
Сравнительный анализ стратегии развития компаний продуктов для здорового питания
Authors:   Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации, Алферов Валерий Николаевич , Собко Алиса Андреевна ,   АО "Frendly home"
Published: March 2021

В статье проведен сравнительный анализ российской и зарубежной компаний продуктов для здорового питания. Исследованы основные характеристики и направления развития, способы функционирования, сильные и слабые стороны ритейлеров. В результате проведенного анализа основных факторов создания успешной компании в сфере предоставления продуктов здорового питания авторы предлагают стратегические направления развития и операционные действия для исследованных компаний в условиях влияния нестабильных внешних факторов.
Стратегический анализ развития образовательной сферы города Москвы в ХХI веке
Authors:   Институт экономических стратегий, Афонина Ирина Александровна , Солдатов Ростислав Владимирович ,   Московский городской педагогический университет
Published: March 2021

В контексте важнейших законодательных актов и документов стратегического планирования в России, национальных целей и стратегических задач развития Российской Федерации до 2030 года, анализируются состояние и перспективы развития образовательной сферы Москвы в ХХI в. Выявлены внешние и внутренние противоречия и вызовы развитию сферы образования в столице РФ, связанные с доминированием технократических и либерально – рыночных подходов к стратегическому планированию и управлению образованием в городе Москве. Обозначены в этой связи стратегические ориентиры и перспективы развития образования в московском мегаполисе в среднесрочной перспективе до 2024 г.
MOTIVATION SPECIFICS OF YOUNG SPECIALISTS GUIDED BY ACTIVITIES IN CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE SPHERES OF THE ECONOMY
Authors:   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia, Litvinyuk A.A.
Published: March 2021

Attracting (retaining) talented youth to higher educational institutions and scientific organizations in Russia is negatively influenced by a number of economic, social and psychological barriers. The influence of a number of economic, social and psychological barriers on this process is considered. The aim of the article is to identify factors that impede the rejuvenation of the personnel potential of creative organizations and to provide proposals for increasing the attractiveness of building their career in science and higher education among talented young people. The base of the research is the author’s theory of the “Motivational complex of labor activity”. It considers motivating labor behavior as a result of the simultaneous influence on labor behavior of the motives of acquisition, energy saving, satisfaction, security and subordination. The author conducted specific studies using the “Methods for diagnosing the structure of a person’s motivational complex” based on modern digital technologies. These methods are unrivaled throughout the world. The respondents were young scientists and students of universities and scientific organizations in Moscow, Kemerovo, Smolensk and Volgograd. The data analysis suggests that attempts to resolve the issue of lowering the average age of higher school teachers and researchers in the Russian Federation by using purely administrative measures are unlikely to be effective enough. Many people studying and entering graduate school have no wish to develop professionally in this field. Their external interest in creative work is largely imitative and finite. Talented young specialists who could significantly strengthen the human resources potential of higher education and research organizations are more often internally motivated to build their career either in state and municipal service institutions, or in large state corporations. The author compared motivational profiles of young teachers, young professionals working in the field of administrative management, and students who want or do not want to proceed with their postgraduate studies, and developed proposals for increasing the attractiveness of building a career for creative young professionals in science and higher education. They mainly affect the sphere of material incentives for labor and increasing the social prestige of this kind of labor activity.
DEMOGRAPHY OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN: STATE AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Economics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Ochilova H.F.
Published: March 2021

The relevance of the research topic is due to the role of external and internal long-term factors on the development of demographic processes in Uzbekistan. The aim of the work is to analyze the current division of the population by territory, as well as to study the society living within a specific territory. To achieve this goal, the author attempted to assess the expected parameters of the reproduction of the rural and urban population of the republic; studied and determined the factors of the dynamic growth of the life expectancy of the urban population for the coming 30-year period; substantiated the characteristic and assessed the trends of migration processes. The author used the methods of statistical analysis and synthesis, as well as the method for predicting the reproductive health of the rural population of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The study result is the predictive data on the growth of the rural and urban population in the next 30 years. The forecasts consider the expected dynamics of the population, in accordance with the required development of social infrastructure and services, the choice of the most effective marketing strategies. The conclusion is that the population of the Republic of Uzbekistan will grow dynamically and by the end of 2050 it will be about 45 million people. The research results as predicted values may be of further use as the most important initial data for decision-making within the republican system of management of municipal and regional development.
REFLECTION OF DEMOGRAPHIC POLICY IN FERTILITY RATES IN RUSSIA
Authors:   Center for Labor Economics and Social Development, Institute of Macroeconomic Research, Russian Foreign Trade Academy (RFTA), Ministry of Economic Development of Russia, Sindyashkina E.N.
Published: March 2021

Since 2018, a new package of demographic policy measures has been introduced in Russia, including direct financial support for families with children, a preferential mortgage lending program, expanded use of maternity funds, and the development of infrastructure aimed at facilitating childcare. In 2019-2020, the measures taken were adjusted and supplemented. The article attempts to answer the question of whether the introduction of a package of pro-natalist measures affects the fertility rate; the possible impact of new measures of demographic policy, its timing and nature is considered. The article presents a detailed analysis of the main parameters of fertility, such as the dynamics of age-specific fertility rates by five-year age groups for first second and third births; transformation of the age profile of fertility; dynamics of the total fertility rate. The contribution of structural (change in the number of women of reproductive age for each age group) and demographic (change in age-specific fertility rates) factors to the change in the number of births has been determined. The groups of regions are formed according to the age profiles of the first-born fertility. The author applies methods of comparative analysis of fertility rates by age groups, by birth order, by region, methods of retrospective analysis, classification, and grouping. The research results can be used in the development of measures to improve population policy.
Rare-Earth Nd Inducing Record-High Thermoelectric Performance of (GeTe)
85
(AgSbTe
2
)
15
Authors: Lyu Wan Yu , Hong Min , Liu Wei Di , Li Meng , Sun Qiang , Xu Sheng Duo , Zou Jin , Chen Zhi-Gang
Published: March 2021

As a promising midtemperature thermoelectric material with both higher thermoelectric performance and mechanical property, Tellurium Antimony Germanium Silver (TAGS-
x
), written as (GeTe)

x

(AgSbTe
2
)

1-
x

, especially (GeTe)
0.85
(AgSbTe
2
)
0.15
(TAGS-85), has attracted wide attention. Herein, we innovatively use Nd doping to synergistically decrease the carrier concentration to the optimal level leading to enhanced dimensionless figure of merit, zT. Our density-functional theory calculation results indicate that Nd-doping reduced carrier concentration should be attributed to the enlargement of band gap. The optimized carrier concentration results in an ultrahigh power factor of ~32 
μ
W cm
-1
 K
-2
at 727 K in Ge
0.74
Ag
0.13
Sb
0.11
Nd
0.02
Te. Simultaneously, the lattice thermal conductivity of Ge
0.74
Ag
0.13
Sb
0.11
Nd
0.02
Te retained as low as ~0.5 at 727 K. Ultimately, a record-high zT of 1.65 at 727 K is observed in the Ge
0.74
Ag
0.13
Sb
0.11
Nd
0.02
Te. This study indicates rare-earth Nd doping is effective in boosting the thermoelectric performance of TAGS-85 and approached a record-high level via synergistic effect.
ОСВІТА — КОМУ І НАВІЩО?
Authors: Трусей Л. М. , Мироненко А. О.
Published: March 2021

Освіта — це основа суспільного прогресу, який цілком залежить від її якості, а не від кількості навчальних закладів. Від якості освіти залежить економічний, культурний, інтелектуальний і духовний розвиток країни. Філософи, соціологи, представники різних галузей гуманітарного та природничо-наукового знання пов’язують розвиток економіки із саморозвитком, самоактуалізацією, самовдосконаленням особистості, що, в свою чергу, зумовлюється якістю освіти.
Донедавна суспільство цілком задовольняла так звана класична модель освіти, зорієнтована в основному на засвоєння та передачу наукових, однозначно інтерпретованих знань, і, на жаль, вона продовжує залишатися провідною в багатьох вузах країни. Сьогодні вона піддається критиці як така, що не відповідає сучасним вимогам, сучасним викликам, що потребує впровадження нових технологій, нових стратегій розвитку, які формуються на основі сучасних знань, нової інформації, зв’язаної з високоефективними технологіями. Для більшості закладів такі вимоги залишаються складною проблемою