bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of parental involvement in infant care in neonatal intensive care units: a meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Ting-Ting , Lei Meng-Jie , Li Yu-Feng , Liu Ya-Qian , Meng Li-Na , Jin Chang-De
Published: October 2018

Objective

This meta-analysis aimed to examine the effects of parental involvement in infant care in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).

Methods

PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang database, and VIP database were searched till November 2017. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) examining the effect of parental involvement in the NICU were considered for inclusion.

Results

We included 10 studies (three RCTs, seven CCTs) with a total of 1,851 participants. The meta-analysis demonstrated that there were no statistically significant differences on nosocomial infection between two groups (risk ratio [RR] = 0.90, 95% CI 0.63–1.30, P = 0.58). Compared with no parental involvement groups, parental involvement groups showed more weight gain (mean difference [MD] = 1.47, 95% CI 0.65–2.29, P < 0.05), higher breast-feeding rate (RR = 1.38, 95% C11.25–1.53, P < 0.05), lower readmission rate (RR = 0.35, 95% CI 0.15–0.80, P < 0.05), and higher satisfaction rate (RR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.02–1.16, P< 0.05).

Conclusions

Parental involvement in the NICU interventions could not increase the rate of nosocomial infection of neonates, but could improve their weight gain, breast-feeding and parental satisfaction and decrease their readmission. However, since the conclusion of this meta-analysis was drawn based on the limited number of high-quality RCTs, more high-quality studies should be conducted in the future to confirm its positive intervention effects.
Design of State Rail and Bus Transportation Scheme with Bi-Level Optimization Model
Authors: Pavlova K. , Stoilov T.
Published: October 2018

The increase of the rail public transportations is searched in directions for redistribution of the passenger travels between rail and bus transportation. The rail transport benefits by increasing it schedule for places where the transportation capacities on appropriate directions is not achieved. A mathematical model has been derived to assess the potential of the rail passenger transport to increase his capacity and efficiency. This potential has been evaluate in comparison with the competition of the bus transportation. A specific transportation route has been chosen from Sofia to Varna and the potential for increase of the rail transport has been evaluated. The mathematical model uses bi-level optimization problem, related to the evaluation of a maximal flow in a transportation network.
Scale Dependent Analytical Investigation of the Dynamic State Index Concerning the Quasi-Geostrophic Theory
Authors: Müller Annette , Névir Peter , Klein Rupert
Published: October 2018

The Dynamic State Index (DSI) is a scalar diagnostic field that quantifies local deviations from a steady and adiabatic wind solution and thus indicates non-stationarity aswell as diabaticity. The DSI-concept has originally been developed through the Energy-Vorticity Theory based on the full compressible flow equations without regard to the characteristic scale-dependence of many atmospheric processes. But such scaledependent information is often of importance, and particularly so in the context of precipitation modeling: Small scale convective events are often organized in storms, clusters up to “Großwetterlagen” on the synoptic scale. Therefore, a DSI index for the quasi-geostrophic model is developed using (i) the Energy-Vorticity Theory and (ii) showing that it is asymptotically consistent with the original index for the primitive equations. In the last part, using meteorological reanalysis data it is demonstrated on a case study that both indices capture systematically different scale-dependent precipitation information. A spin-off of the asymptotic analysis is a novel non-equilibrium time scale combining potential vorticity and the DSI indices.
The fictionalized reader in popular science: reader engagement with the scientific community
Authors: Pilkington Olga A.
Published: October 2018

I propose that the fictionalized reader as observed in popular science represents a novel approach to the incorporation of a reader into a non-fiction text. The traditional approach relies on “the reader-in-the-text” – an entity that covertly represents a generalized real reader through author’s voice using evaluation, modalization, concession, and mood among other mechanisms. The findings are based on a comparative analysis of a corpus of 193 occurrences of presented discourse of scientists (extracted from 100 narratives of discovery) and 73 occurrences of presented discourse attributed to the reader (observed outside the narratives). The analysis shows that the fictionalized reader uses presented discourse (speech and thoughts assigned to the reader) to shape a reader-character, who represents a singular individual (as opposed to a generalized audience) with whom a reader can relate. The need for a more concrete reader arises in thought experiments commonly used as explanatory devices in popular science. The fictionalized reader helps popular science authors explain scientific concepts in more engaging terms and contributes to a more interactive and inclusive model of popularization.
Determining Osmotic Suction Using a Chilled Mirror Device
Authors: Wei Yujie , Miller Gerald A.
Published: October 2018

To properly define stress states controlling the mechanical and hydraulic behavior of unsaturated soil, osmotic and matric suction should be determined, since they affect soil behavior differently. A novel and simple method is presented for determining osmotic suction in soil using a device that measures pore air relative humidity. The method is developed using a chilled mirror device (CMD) and validated by conducting a series of experiments on three different soils mixed with aqueous solutions with various concentrations of different salts. The proposed method involves determining the water content of an unsaturated sample, mixing it with pure water to achieve saturation, and then determining the total suction and water content at the saturated state. At saturation, the measured total suction is equal to the osmotic suction in the sample; thus, by using the water content and osmotic suction for the saturated sample, the osmotic suction corresponding to the water content in the unsaturated condition can be determined. Also, by determining the total suction of the unsaturated sample before mixing with water, matric suction can be computed. While this method extends the usefulness of the CMD, there are limitations associated with the measurement accuracy of the device and solubility limit of salt in the pore water that are discussed in this article.
Back Analysis of a Recent Progressive Failure in China Three Gorges Reservoir Area: Shanshucao Landslide
Authors: Shang Min , Xu Xin , Zhang Guodong , Yi Qinglin , Ma Rui , Liu Yuting
Published: October 2018

The Shanshucao landslide is a recent landslide that occurred in the China Three Gorges Reservoir area. It is next to the Daling Hydropower Station landslide, one of the geological hazard professional monitoring points in the China Three Gorges Reservoir. The Shanshucao landslide had not shown a significant deformation during recent decades until September 2nd, 2014. On that day, the Shanshucao landslide abruptly started to move at around 9 a.m. local time, stopped at 13:19 p.m., and caused a 43.2 × 104m3 landslide mass which slipped into the Luogudong River, the secondary branch of Yangtze River. Fortunately, the local government gave an efficient early warning and organized a successful emergency evacuation. Nobody was injured or killed in this landslide failure event. The Daling Hydropower Station and its attached buildings were eradicated by the landslide. Posterior to the failure, a newborn free surface occurred on the dip slope. The remaining body of the landslide poses a great threat to the safety of both the village and the Three Gorges Reservoir operation. Subsequently, an emergency monitoring system has been placed on the slope to observe any subsequent deformation. By applying the kinematic model, this article will give a general outlook on the failure event and investigate the geological features which caused the slope instability. Also, the two inclined blocks models are introduced in the back analysis and show a good comparison to the site observation results. This article will provide guidance and suggestion for the stability analysis of similar highly weathered bedded landslides in the China Three Gorges Reservoir area.
Molecular Fingerprinting of On–Off Direction-Selective Retinal Ganglion Cells Across Species and Relevance to Primate Visual Circuits
Authors: Dhande Onkar S. , Stafford Benjamin K. , Franke Katrin , El-Danaf Rana , Percival Kumiko A. , Phan Ann H. , Li Peichao , Hansen Bryan J. , Nguyen Phong L. , Berens Philipp , Taylor W. Rowland , Callaway Edward , Euler Thomas , Huberman Andrew D.
Published: October 2018

The ability to detect moving objects is an ethologically salient function. Direction-selective neurons have been identified in the retina, thalamus, and cortex of many species, but their homology has remained unclear. For instance, it is unknown whether direction-selective retinal ganglion cells (DSGCs) exist in primates and, if so, whether they are the equivalent to mouse and rabbit DSGCs. Here, we used a molecular/circuit approach in both sexes to address these issues. In mice, we identify the transcription factor Satb2 (special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2) as a selective marker for three RGC types: On–Off DSGCs encoding motion in either the anterior or posterior direction, a newly identified type of Off-DSGC, and an Off-sustained RGC type. In rabbits, we find that expression of Satb2 is conserved in On–Off DSGCs; however, it has evolved to include On–Off DSGCs encoding upward and downward motion in addition to anterior and posterior motion. Next, we show that macaque RGCs express Satb2 most likely in a single type. We used rabies virus-based circuit-mapping tools to reveal the identity of macaque Satb2-RGCs and discovered that their dendritic arbors are relatively large and monostratified. Together, these data indicate Satb2-expressing On–Off DSGCs are likely not present in the primate retina. Moreover, if DSGCs are present in the primate retina, it is unlikely that they express Satb2.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe ability to detect object motion is a fundamental feature of almost all visual systems. Here, we identify a novel marker for retinal ganglion cells encoding directional motion that is evolutionarily conserved in mice and rabbits, but not in primates. We show in macaque monkeys that retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) that express this marker comprise a single type and are morphologically distinct from mouse and rabbit direction-selective RGCs. Our findings indicate that On–Off direction-selective retinal neurons may have evolutionarily diverged in primates and more generally provide novel insight into the identity and organization of primate parallel visual pathways.
Розвиток духовного потенціалу магістра права в контексті культурологізації освітньо-виховного процесу ЗВО
Authors: Zelisko Lyubov
Published: October 2018

У статті прослідковуються процеси духовної наповненості особистості магістра права на засадах теоретично-методологічного аналізу культурологічно визначених сутностей освітньо-виховного процесу. Підкреслюється,  що тільки духовність визначає магістра права, як повноцінну особистість, котра прагне до реалізації загальнолюдських і національних цінностей у правовому полі.
Військово-професійна підготовка майбутніх офіцерів запасу у провідних країнах світу
Authors: Zoriy Yaroslav
Published: October 2018

В статті розглядаються підходи до організації військової підготовки громадян за програмою офіцерів запасу (резерву) у провідних країнах світу. З’ясовано, що військово-політичне керівництво зарубіжних країн, особливо країн НАТО, приділяє значну увагу проблемі підготовки офіцерів запасу. Це, у першу чергу, стосується уніфікації та підвищення ефективності функціонування діючих систем підготовки та перепідготовки офіцерського складу.Історико-методологічний аналіз з одного боку підтвердив доцільність використання досвіду зарубіжних армій щодо підготовки зазначеної категорії громадян до військово-професійної діяльності, а з іншої, – виокремив суперечливі аспекти в сучасній вітчизняній системі військово-професійної освіти з урахуванням участі підрозділів Збройних Сил України у військових діях на Сході держави.
Training Population Optimization for Prediction of Cassava Brown Streak Disease Resistance in West African Clones
Authors: Ozimati Alfred , Kawuki Robert , Esuma Williams , Kayondo Ismail Siraj , Wolfe Marnin , Lozano Roberto , Rabbi Ismail , Kulakow Peter , Jannink Jean-Luc
Published: October 2018

Cassava production in the central, southern and eastern parts of Africa is under threat by cassava brown streak virus (CBSV). Yield losses of up to 100% occur in cases of severe infections of edible roots. Easy illegal movement of planting materials across African countries, and long-range movement of the virus vector (Bemisia tabaci) may facilitate spread of CBSV to West Africa. Thus, effort to pre-emptively breed for CBSD resistance in W. Africa is critical. Genomic selection (GS) has become the main approach for cassava breeding, as costs of genotyping per sample have declined. Using phenotypic and genotypic data (genotyping-by-sequencing), followed by imputation to whole genome sequence (WGS) for 922 clones from National Crops Resources Research Institute, Namulonge, Uganda as a training population (TP), we predicted CBSD symptoms for 35 genotyped W. African clones, evaluated in Uganda. The highest prediction accuracy (r = 0.44) was observed for cassava brown streak disease severity scored at three months (CBSD3s) in the W. African clones using WGS-imputed markers. Optimized TPs gave higher prediction accuracies for CBSD3s and CBSD6s than random TPs of the same size. Inclusion of CBSD QTL chromosome markers as kernels, increased prediction accuracies for CBSD3s and CBSD6s. Similarly, WGS imputation of markers increased prediction accuracies for CBSD3s and for cassava brown streak disease root severity (CBSDRs), but not for CBSD6s. Based on these results we recommend TP optimization, inclusion of CBSD QTL markers in genomic prediction models, and the use of high-density (WGS-imputed) markers for CBSD predictions across population.
Ecologizar la Economía o economizar la Ecología: controversias y desafíos en torno a la valoración de los servicios de los ecosistemas
Authors: Gómez-Baggethun Erik
Published: October 2018

En esta presentación se aborda el divorcio entre Economía y Ecología, las implicaciones de esta separación para entender la crisis ambiental y para la búsqueda de soluciones a dicha crisis. Se hace un recorrido sintético por la historia del pensamiento económico, haciendo énfasis en la evolución del pensamiento económico y su progresivo distanciamiento de una base material y ecológica para sus reflexiones. Desde allí se presenta una serie de elementos propios de la Economía Ecológica que se proponen como parte de una estrategia para acercar las disciplinas de la Ecología y la Economía, de cara a abordar la crisis ambiental y reconociendo la necesidad de transformaciones radicales en la teoría y la práctica de la economía política.
La importancia del intervalo de la floración en el mejoramiento para la resistencia a sequía en maíz tropical
Authors: Bolaños J. , Edmeades G. O.
Published: October 2018

The length of the Interval between anthesis and silking (ASI) is increased by drought which coincides with flowering. Four elite CIMMYT lowland tropical populations are undergoing recurrent selection (S1 or full-sib) for improved grain yield and several other traits under drought and well watered conditions. Data collected from more than 200 families per population grown In single row plots under three water stress levels (pre and post-flowering stress; post-flowering stress; normal irrigation, all in the absence of rain) showed weak or no correlation between grain yield and traits related to plant water status, such as leaf rolling and senescence, photooxidation, leaf chlorophyll concentration, shoot elongation rate, canopy temperature and predawn water potential. Yield under all levels of stress was significantly negatively correlated with AST, and as AST increased due to drought, kernels and ears per plant were significantly reduced. In all populations yield decreased by approximately 10 % per day increase in AST up to 8 days. In several stress situations broad-sense heritability of AST was greater than that of grain yield and the genetic correlation between grain yield and AST approached -1.00. Synthetics formed from one population following bidirectional selection and tested under drought showed adaptive advantage of cool canopy temperature, delayed leaf senescence, reduced AST and erect leaves, especially when all were combined with grain yield in a single index during selection. Selection for reduced AST and high grain yield under drought can be an effective means of improving drought tolerance in tropical maize.
Defoliación y remoción de la panoja de sorgo durante la etapa post-antesis y su efecto en el tamaño del grano
Authors: Rodríguez Herrera Raúl , Montes García Noé , Alanis William
Published: October 2018

Two experiments were conducted to determine the importance of photosynthetic leaf area and panicle size on fina1 grain weight (FGW) in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench). The first experiment consisted in defoliating the three upper (U), intermediate (M), and lower (L) leaves and different combinations (U+M, U+L, M+L, U+M+L), plus a check, at three different times post-anthesis (0, 10 and 20 days). The second experiment consisted in partially removing 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80% of the panicle at the same three times. Experiments were conducted during the spring-summer season of 1989 in Rio Bravo, Tamnulipas, México, using hybrid RB-4000. Results indicated that U and M leaves contributed the most to FGW at anthesis, as their defoliation reduced FGW by 11 and l5% compared to the check. If upper or intermediate leaves were defoliated 10 or 20 days post-anthesis, FGW was reduced by 2S and 2%, respectively. Combined defoliation (U+M, U+M, M+L) during anthesis or 10 days arter reduced FGW more, with tbe treatment U+M+L having the greatest reduction in FGW at any time. Removal of portions of the pnnicle increased FGW, the largest effect being detected during anthesis, followed by 10 and 20 days after.
Fenología y fenometría de una variedad y una línea de frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris) en la zona occidental de El Salvador
Authors: Ventura Elías Rolando
Published: October 2018

The common bean crop has limiting factors associated with production among which the behavior of atmospheric elements are decisive. This work was conducted from 1987 to 1989 in western El Salvador. Bean varieties 'Rojo de Seda' and APN 83 were planted during in the second cycle (sept-december). The objective of this work was to determine the influence of atmospheric conditions on the development ofthe bean plant and to determine the phonologic stages which serve as a base in the planning and execution of defense mechanisms for integrated management 01" this crop. The phonologic stages which were established were emergence, initial formation of branching, flowering, pod formation, pod filling and maturity. The necessary heat units for each phonological stage were: 12.89, 61.09, 89.08, 99.31, 114.97, and 157.74, respectively (base temperature of 18.9°C). The same variables expressed in days after planting had the Following values: 4.5, 18.3, 28.7, 31.8, 37.3 and 54.2 respectively. Precipitation was the atmospheric clement which influenced production and development of the crop the most The Frequency and distribution were more important than the total amount. Similar adverse effects are also created by warm sub humid tropical climates.
Respuesta del cultivo de maíz a la labranza de conservación en cuatro diferentes suelos tropicales.
Authors: Ureste Jesús , Campos Santos
Published: October 2018

Under the rainfed conditions of the central zonc of Veracruz Mexico, the res pon se of the maize crop to the conventional, reduced and zero tillage systems was evaluated in four tropical soils of different texture and drainagc degree. Plant population and grain yield were used as indicating variables. Economical aspects were measured by the Cost/Benefit relationship. The most uniform and highest plant population and grain yield were achieved in the fine and medium textured, well drained Fluvisols, showing no difference between these two soils or among the four tillage systems. In the coarse textured,excessively drained Luvisol, the plant population was higher with zero tillage than with the reduced and conventional tillage; however, the grain yield achieved with zero and reduced tillage was practically alike, but higher than that achieved with the conventional tillage. In the fine textured, poorly drained Venisol, the lowest graio yield was obtained with the four tillage systems, being higher for the conventional tillage system. Zero and reduced tillage reached the highest Cost/Benefit relationship in the Fluvisols and Luvisols. On the clay Vertisol soils, it is not economically feasible to produce corn with any of the studied tillage systems, unless the excess moisture in the soil is reduced.
Calidad fisiológica de la semilla de sorgo sometido a defoliación y déficit hídrico.
Authors: Montes Noé , González V. A. , Mendoza Leopoldo
Published: October 2018

The effects of defoliation were studied in sorghum plants subjected to drought stress in pre and post-blooming stages. The quality was appraised on the seed obtained from a sorghum line evaluated under greenhouse conditions in 1991, at the Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo, Mexico. The pre-blooming drought stress consisted of withholding the water to the plants at their primary branch differentiation stage, whereas during the post-blooming drought stress, the water was withheld at theearly blooming stage. The defoliation levels (0, 40 and 80% of the total leaf area) were conducted during each drought stress treatment. In general, the germination was reduced as the seed size decreased. The germination percentage was above 80% for the 3 and 3.5 mm seed sizes; while for the 2.5 mm seed size, the germination decreased rapidly in plants that were not defoliated in both moisture conditions. This indicates that adverse factors such as drought stress and defoliation can reduce seed size, but it the same time it can also stimulate the seed germination.
The Effect of Leadhership and Organizational Comitment to Performance of Employees with Working Satisfaction as Intervening Variables in Tanah Lot DTW Management Office
Authors: Erawan I Putu , Agung AA Putu , Martini Luh Kadek Budi
Published: October 2018

This study aims to test The Influence of Leadership and Organizational Commitment to Employee Performance with Job Satisfaction as a Variable Intervening is carried out at the Dtw Tanah Lot Tabanan Office.

This research is a quantitative research using primary data obtained from questionnaires and measured using a Likert scale. The population of this study were employees at the DTW Tanah Lot Tabanan management office Based on the data obtained at the Tanah Lot DTW management office in Tabanan Regency the number of employees is 40 people which is less than 100, then taken entirely, so the research is population research. (Sample saturated). Data analysis techniques used in this study are Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on Partial Least Square (PLS) using the help of the Smart PLS 3.0 program.

The results showed that Leadership has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction. Organizational commitment has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction. Leadership has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Organizational commitment has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. The effect of mediation on job satisfaction variables on the indirect influence of leadership on employee performance is partial (partial mediation), meaning thatvariable job satisfaction is not a key determinant of the influence of leadership on employee performance at the Tanah Lot Tabanan Tourist Destination (DTW) office.   Influence of mediation on job satisfaction variables on indirect effects Organizational commitment to employee performance is partial (partial mediation), meaning that variable job satisfaction is not a key determinant of the influence of leadership on employee performance at the Tanah Lot Tabanan Tourist Destination (DTW) office.
Lipid peroxidation, thiol groups, and total antioxidant capacity in mothers in natural vaginal delivery with and without Entonox: A cohort study
Authors: Ranjbar Akram , Vakilian Katayon
Published: October 2018

Background and objectives

Considering that very few studies have been conducted on the effect of Entonox on oxidative stress markers, this study was conducted to compare these markers in natural vaginal delivery (NVD) with and without Entonox.

Materials and methods

The present cohort study was conducted on 120 women in maternity wards divided into two groups, including an NVD group with and an NVD group without Entonox. After obtaining the mothers’ written consent, 5 cc of venous blood was taken at the end of their second stage of labor for lipid peroxidation, thiol groups, and total antioxidant capacity tests. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive (mean) and inferential (t-test) statistics.

Results

Lipid peroxide was 6.267 ± 5.39 in NVD without Entonox and 5.12 ± 3.89 in NVD with Entonox, suggesting the lack of a statistically significant difference (p = 0.191). Thiol marker was 0.34 ± 0.26 in NVD without and 0.26 ± 0.24 in NVD with Entonox, suggesting the lack of a statistically significant difference (p = 0.09).The FRAP results were 0.936 ± 0.696 in NVD without and 1.21 ± 0.89 in NVD with Entonox, suggesting the lack of a statistically significant difference (p = 0.06).

Discussion

Entonox can be safely used in NVD without increasing the risk of oxidative stress.
QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA DE IRRIGAÇÃO DE POÇOS TUBULARES E DO RIO GORUTUBA NA REGIÃO DE JANAÚBA-MG
Authors: Nunes Walder Antonio Gomes de Albuquerque , Ker João Carlos , Neves Júlio César Lima , Ruiz Hugo Alberto , Freitas Guilherme Albuquerque , Beirigo Raphael Moreira
Published: October 2018

QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA DE IRRIGAÇÃO DE POÇOS TUBULARES E DO RIO GORUTUBA NA REGIÃO DE JANAÚBA-MG[1]  Walder Antonio Gomes de Albuquerque Nunes1; João Carlos Ker2; Júlio César Lima Neves2; Hugo Alberto Ruiz2; Guilherme Albuquerque Freitas2; Raphael Moreira Beirigo21Embrapa Agropecuária Oeste, Dourados, MS.  walder@cpao.embrapa.br2Departamento de Solos,  Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG.   1 RESUMO Estudou-se a qualidade de águas provenientes de poços tubulares e do Rio Gorutuba utilizadas para irrigação de solos em 24 propriedades da região de Janaúba, Norte de Minas Gerais, cultivados com banana prata-anã. Procedeu-se à caracterização química das águas de irrigação determinando-se sua condutividade elétrica, pH, teores de Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, SiO2, CO32-, HCO3- , Cl-, além de Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Ti e Zn.As águas de poços e do rio diferenciaram-se quimicamente, sendo que as águas de poços apresentaram maiores valores médios de condutividade elétrica e Razão de Adsorção de Sódio (RAS), assim como maiores teores de Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, HCO3-, Cl-, Si, Mn e Zn. As águas de poços foram consideradas de médio risco de salinidade e baixo risco de sodicidade, além de estarem próximas do limiar de restrição de uso devido aos elevados teores de bicarbonato em solução. As águas do rio foram classificadas como de baixo risco de salinidade e risco severo de sodicidade. UNITERMOS: Água dura; Água de irrigação-Carbonatos.  NUNES, W. A. G. A., KER, J. C., NEVES, J. C. L., RUIZ, H. A., FREITAS, G. A., BEIRIGO, R. M.;  QUALITY OF IRRIGATION WATER FROM TUBULAR WELLS AND THE GORUTUBA RIVER NEAR JANAUBA-MG  2 ABSTRACT This work aimed to study the irrigation water quality from wells and from Gorutuba River used in 24 banana farms nearby Janauba, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Chemical water characterization included electric conductivity, pH, concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, SiO2, CO32-, HCO3- , Cl-, Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Ti and Zn. Well and river waters differed chemically; the former presented higher electric conductivity and SAR average values, as well as higher Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, HCO3-, Cl-, Si, Mn and Zn contents. Well waters were considered of medium salinity risk and low acidity risk and the high bicarbonate contents were close to restriction values for irrigation use. The river waters were classified as low salinity risk and severe acidity risk. KEYWORDS: hard water, Irrigation water carbonates[1]    Parte da Tese de Doutoramento do primeiro autor, apresentada no Curso de Pós-Graduação em Solos e Nutrição de Plantas, Departamento de Solos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa – DPS-UFV. Trabalho financiado pela FAPEMIG.
A Rede na Estratégia da Aranha: “Pós-verdade”, Política e Regressão
Authors: Cádima Rui
Published: October 2018

As estratégias algorítmicas da era da “pós-verdade” vieram desconfigurar a política e estão a abalar os alicerces das velhas democracias. A par disso, as novas dinâmicas clickbait vieram agravar o já de si frágil posicionamento do fenómeno jornalístico no mundo contemporâneo. Este algorithmic turn, que chegou à política, às notícias e à interacção social, está a evoluir para uma dimensão insondável, não somente porque constituiu o algoritmo em gatekeeper, mas também porque criou máquinas de propaganda especializadas em engenharia social, em automação do comportamento político e em correntes emocionais, manipulando a opinião e criando novas espirais de silêncio. Cultura, política e comunicação enfrentam estes novos abismos. Neste texto procuraremos pensar esta vertigem, esta tecnologização e distopia da mediação, do saber e do conhecimento, a nova propaganda, armada agora pela Inteligência Artificial, em que as plataformas digitais e os seus algoritmos porventura não dominam ainda completamente os processos de interação e de comunicação, embora claramente os (nos) monitorizem e rastreiem, reconduzindo a experiência democrática para âmbitos mais complexos de regressão histórica e política.
Fake news: una revisión sistemática de la literatura
Authors: Valero Pablo Parra , Oliveira Lídia
Published: October 2018

El artículo se construye a partir de una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre fake news y post-verdad usando las bases de publicaciones científicas Web of Science y Scopus, acompañada de una reflexión analítica. A partir de los datos recogidos en estas dos fuentes se muestra la evolución del número de publicaciones sobre fake news y post-verdad. Después, de los 482 documentos de todas las tipologías recuperadas de Scopus, sólo se consideraron los documentos de tipología artículo en texto completo, en un total de 91. A partir de su análisis se sistematizan las ideas en ellos contenidas, las metodologías utilizadas y las propuestas presentadas para combatir las fake news. Los resultados evidencian que fue a partir de 2016 cuando el crecimiento exponencial de publicaciones dobla el tema de la fake news y post-verdad. El tema es tratado de forma transversal en diversas áreas científicas, con más incidencia en el área de la comunicación, además, una parte significativa de publicaciones abordan estudios de caso y otra no explicita la metodología utilizada. En cuanto a las soluciones presentadas para superar o mitigar el problema de las fake news son de diversa índole: alfabetización informacional; algoritmos y procedimientos automáticos; crowdsourcing y verificadores profesionales.
Anthropometric Growth Study of the Ear
Authors: Farkas Leslie G. , Posnick Jeffrey C. , Hreczko Tania M.
Published: October 2018

Age-related growth changes in the ear were analyzed by measuring the width and length of ears in 1,590 North American Caucasians between 1 year and 18 years of age. By 1 year, ear width reached 93.5% of adult size in both sexes, only 2.3 mm less than the mean value at 18 years. In contrast, ear length attained a developmental level of only 76.4% by 1 year in both sexes, requiring an increment five times greater (12.3 mm) to reach the size of the ear at 18 years of age. At 5 years, the developmental level in width (96.7%) was almost equal to that of an adult, while the length reached 86.6% in both sexes, and requires 8.2 additional millimeters to attain adult size. Annual growth increments in ear width are small, interrupted with a few periods of no growth. Ear length in males showed an early rapid growth rate (between 2 and 3 years); subsequent growth was generally limited, interrupted with short periods of no changes. The same growth pattern appeared in females. Ear width reached its mature size in males at 7 years and in females at 6 years; ear length matured in males at 13 years and in females at 12. At the time of maturation, the ear was shorter than at 18 years by a mean of 1.1 to 1.4 mm.
Oblique Facial Clefts: A Report of Tessier Numbers 3, 4, 5, and 9 Clefts
Authors: Darzi Mohd Ashraf , Chowdri Nisar Ahmad
Published: October 2018

The oblique facial cleft is an extremely rare and disfiguring congenital anomaly of the face. Tessier (1990) proposed an anatomic classification of the facial, craniofacial, and laterofacial clefts that was a great advance in the study of these clefts. The clefts were found to occur with an incidence of 1.43 to 4.85 in 100,000 births (Kawamoto, 1976). The exact incidence of these unusual facial clefts is unknown, and estimates vary widely because of the rarity of their occurrence and the lack of standard methods of data collection. To adequately examine the occurrence of oblique clefts, the medical community must be aware of the problem, and new cases should be presented. On the basis of clinical, radiologic, and surgical examinations, soft tissue and skeletal disruptions of three patients with the most rare craniofacial clefts (Tessier 3, 4, 5, and 9) are presented.
Soft-Palate Myogenesis: A Developmental Field Paradigm
Authors: Cohen Steven R. , Chen Lynn , Trotman Carroll-Ann , Burdi Alphonse R.
Published: October 2018

Surgical correction of clefts of the soft palate leads to varying degrees of normal function although the repair itself is successful. Explanations for this Include structural abnormalities of the muscles. Previous studies have focused primarily on gross anatomical features of late fetal and postnatal cleft palate musculature; however, infrequent reference has been made to early prenatal morphologic patterns of soft-palate development, beginning with the embryo. Thus we evaluated the chronology of prenatal myogenesis of the soft palate from its early mesenchymal phase through the appearance of definitive palatal muscles and associated structures in a sample of 22 human fetuses that represented postfertilization weeks 6.5 to 20.5 (18- to 192-mm crown-rump length). Specimens were histologically prepared for descriptive and morphometric light microscopy. Data were collected on the earliest appearance times of identifiable soft palate and associated structures within the mesenchymal field and on their individual stages of myogenesis (e.g., for muscles, from mesenchyme to myoblasts to fascicles). Analyses showed that (1) palatal muscles and related bony structures emerge sequentially as densely staining mesenchymal subfields within the larger mesenchymal soft-palate field during the 6- to 9-week period, with the tensor veli palatini muscle appearing earliest, and the musculus uvulae latest; (2) further morphogenesis of the soft palate and associated structures follows a definite timeline; and (3) by 16 to 17 weeks the postnatal palatal morphology is in place.
OMENS-Plus: Analysis of Craniofacial and Extracraniofacial Anomalies in Hemifacial Microsomia
Authors: Horgan Joan E. , Padwa Bonnie L. , Labrie Richard A. , Mulliken John B.
Published: October 2018

This review of 121 patients with hemifacial microsomia (HFM) revealed that 67 (55.4%) had extracraniofacial anomalies. Sixteen patients (13%) had one extracraniofacial anomaly and 51 patients (42.4%) had anomalies of multiple organ systems. There was no gender or side predominance in the cohort with the HFM “expanded spectrum.” Central nervous system (CNS), cardiac, and skeletal anomalies were “associated” (i.e., had frequencies of 10% or more). Pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and renal deformities were equivocally associated. Statistical analysis indicated significant associations between several orbital, mandibular, ear, neural, and soft tissue (OMENS) variables and extracraniofacial anomalies. Patients with extracraniofacial structural defects had higher OMENS grades for individual craniofacial anatomic categories. Furthermore, patients with expanded spectrum had higher total OMENS scores. The frequency of cardiac anomalies (26%) supports the model of neural crest involvement in the pathogenesis of both hemifacial microsomia and conotruncal defects. The majority of the heart defects in this study were of either the outflow or septal type. We propose that the OMENS classification system for craniofacial anomalies of HFM be expanded to OMENS-Plus (+) to designate the presence of associated extracraniofacial anomalies.
Prevalence of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli in 18-Month-Old Children with Cleft Lip and/or Palate
Authors: Bokhout Birgitta , Van Loveren Cor , Hofman F. Xavier W.M., , Buijs Jos F. , Van Limbeek Jacques , Prahl-Andersen Birte
Published: October 2018

The prevalence of Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli was determined in 62 18-month-old Dutch children with a cleft lip and/or palate. Plaque and saliva samples were collected, a dental examination was performed, and the parents were interviewed with a structured questionnaire regarding general health, dietary habits, fluoride exposure, and socioeconomic class. Appropriate dilutions of the plaque and saliva samples were cultured on selective media to count all viable bacteria, S. mutans and lactobacilli. S. mutans was detected in the saliva of 45% of the children, and lactobacilli was detected in 16%. Also, S. mutans was detected in 48% of the plaque samples and lactobacilli in 8%. Of all of the variables examined, consumption of more than three snacks and beverages between main meals was significantly associated with presence of S. mutans in saliva. Preoperative infant orthopedic treatment (i.e., wearing an acrylic plate from shortly after birth) was significantly associated with presence of lactobacilli in saliva. The presence of S. mutans in the plaque samples was also significantly associated with presence of lactobacilli in saliva. These results indicate that children with oral cleft are at an increased risk of being infected by S. mutans and lactobacilli at a very early age. Such early colonization indicates a high risk for caries in the primary dentition.
Musculature of the Soft Palate: Clinico-anatomic Correlations and Therapeutic Implications in the Treatment of Cleft Palates
Authors: Vacher Christian , Pavy Bernard , Ascherman Jeffrey
Published: October 2018

Objective

Hypoptasia of the maxilla, often described as a classic sequela to surgical repair of the cleft palate, has been rare In our experience. We believe that our surgical technique, which includes dividing the nasal mucosa and the abnormal muscular insertions at the posterior border of the hard palate, is an important factor in preventing this sequela.

Method

We compared the anatomy of 12 normal palates in cadavers to the anatomy of cleft palates seen at operation and to the anatomy of one cleft palate in a fetus aged 34 weeks.

Results

In cleft palates, the muscular fibers have an abnormal sagittal orientation, inserting on the posterior border of the hard palate.

Conclusion

The division of both the nasal mucosa and these abnormal muscular insertions at the posterior border of the hard palate enables the surgeon to eliminate the abnormal posterior pull of these fibers on the maxilla.
Preliminary Evaluation of an Electromagnetic Three-Dimensional Digitizer in Facial Anthropometry
Authors: Ferrario Virgilio F. , Sforza Chiarella , Poggio Carlo E. , Cova Massimiliano , Tartaglia Gianluca
Published: October 2018

Objective

In this investigation, the precision of a commercial three-dimensional digitizer in the detection of facial landmarks in human adults was assessed.

Methods

Fifty landmarks were identified and marked on the faces of five men, on five women, and on a stone cast of the face of one man. For each subject, the three-dimensional coordinates of the landmarks were obtained twice using an electromagnetic three-dimensional digitizer, and the duplicate digitizations were superimposed using common orientations and centers of gravity. Metric differences between homologous landmarks were assessed, and Dahlberg's error was computed.

Results

For both men and women, the error was 1.05% of the nasion-mid-tragion distance, while for the cast, it was 0.9%. When the duplicate digitizations were used to mathematically reconstruct the faces, and several distances, angles, volumes, and surfaces were computed, more than 80% of the measurements had coefficients of variation lower than 1%.

Conclusions

The digitizer can assess the coordinates of facial landmarks with sufficient precision, and reliable measurements can be obtained.
Repair of Bilateral Complete Cleft Lip and Nasal Deformity—State of the Art
Authors: Mulliken John B.
Published: October 2018

Objective

Dissatisfaction with the stigmata of repaired bilateral cleft lip has stimulated surgeons to change conventional operative strategies. The old staged labial repairs, one side and later the other, have been replaced by simultaneous closure. For nasal correction, most surgeons no longer believe that the columella is deficient, and thus there is no need to recruit tissue from the lip or nostril sills as a secondary procedure. The columella is concealed in the nose. The new strategy is to construct the columella and nasal tip by anatomic positioning of the alar cartilages and sculpting the investing skin. Furthermore, nasal correction is done at the time of bilateral labial repair and, whenever possible, the alveolar clefts are closed as well. The goal is primary repair of the primary palate.

Conclusion

Although the principles of synchronous repair of the bilateral complete cleft lip and nasal deformity are established, the techniques continue to evolve. Bilateral nasolabial repair requires continual study of three-dimensional form and fourth-dimensional changes that are normal and altered by the deformity. Every surgeon who lifts a knife to care for these children has an obligation to periodically assess outcome.
Major Hematological Diseases Associated with Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Lin Cheng-Hui , Lo Lun-Jou , Wang Min-Lun , Chen Yu-Ray , Noordhoff M. Samuel
Published: October 2018

Objective

Cleft lip and palate is among the most common congenital anomalies. Its association with major blood disorders has rarely been reported. The purpose of this study was to report two patients who had major blood diseases associated with cleft lip and palate.

Patients and Results

From June 1995 to December 1997, there were 2700 patients with cleft lip, cleft palate, or both who received treatment at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Two of them were found to have major hematological disorders. In both cases, the disorder was detected by preoperative blood cell counts and white cell differentiation. Case 1 was a 21-year-old woman patient with repaired right cleft lip. She was admitted for alveolar bone grafting and closure of oronasal fistula. Abnormal presentation of blast cells was found, and subsequent bone marrow study confirmed acute lymphocytic leukemia. Case 2 was a 26-year-old man with left secondary cleft lip nasal deformity scheduled to receive staged reconstructive operations. An elevated platelet count was found and subsequently confirmed to represent essential thrombocytosis. In both cases, reconstructive operations for the cleft-related deformities were performed.

Conclusions

Association of major hemotological disorders and cleft lip, palate, or both is rare and is reported herein.
Hypodontia in Hemifacial Microsomia
Authors: Maruko Evelyn , Hayes Catherine , Evans Carla A. , Padwa Bonnie , Mulliken John B.
Published: October 2018

Objective

The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to describe the patterns of missing teeth in patients with hemifacial microsomia (HFM) and (2) to compare the prevalence of missing teeth in subjects with HFM with a group of unaffected subjects.

Study Design

A descriptive study was conducted comparing HFM subjects with a group of patients selected from an orthodontic clinic.

Methods

The prevalence of missing teeth was assessed by evaluation of panoramic radiographs. At the time of the study, records of 125 patients with HFM were available from the Craniofacial Center at Boston's Children's Hospital. Seventy-six met inclusion criteria for radiographic analysis of hypodontia. Fifty-two patients met inclusion criteria into the comparison study in which the prevalence of hypodontia was compared with a group of patients from the Department of Orthodontics at Harvard School of Dental Medicine. A Fisher's exact test was conducted to test the hypothesis that HFM patients have a greater prevalence of missing teeth than individuals without the anomaly. A chi-square test for trend was conducted to determine whether hypodontia was more prevalent with increasing severity of the mandibular deformity in HFM.

Results

Hypodontia was more common among HFM patients (26.9%) versus the comparison group in which no missing teeth were recorded (p < .0001). Additionally, the degree of hypodontia was correlated with the grade of mandibular hypoplasia (p = .024).

Conclusion

Hypodontia was found to be more prevalent in patients with HFM than in comparison subjects, possibly indicating an etiologic link between the two conditions.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Evaluation of Occult Submucous Cleft Palate
Authors: Kuehn David P. , Ettema Sandra L. , Goldwasser Michael S. , Barkmeier Joseph C. , Wachtel Jayne M.
Published: October 2018

Objective:

To explore the application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of patients with occult submucous cleft palate and to use the MRI information obtained to aid in the treatment decision to perform surgery versus behavioral speech therapy.

Design:

Prospective study with magnetic resonance (MR) images of subjects suspected of having occult submucous cleft palate.

Setting:

Hospital and university-based.

Patients:

Two girls who were 4 years old at the time of palatal surgery.

Intervention:

Furlow double-opposing Z-plasty.

Main outcome measures:

MR images and clinical speech evaluations.

Results:

MR images provided evidence of an interruption of levator veli palatini muscle tissue in the midline and a substantial attachment of levator muscle tissue to the posterior border of the hard palate. In addition, MR images for both subjects demonstrated remarkably similar bilateral encapsulating sheaths that contained nonmuscular tissue, as confirmed subsequently during surgery. The encapsulating sheaths interrupted the normal progression of the levator muscle sling across the midline. The MR images led to the decision to perform surgery instead of speech therapy. Hypernasality was markedly reduced in both subjects after surgery.

Conclusions:

MRI is an effective technique for diagnosing occult submucous cleft palate and may be an important aid in the treatment decision regarding surgery versus behavioral speech therapy for patients diagnosed with occult submucous cleft palate.