bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Erratum to: Competitive Effects of Substitutions in the La1−xSrxMn0.9(MgyGez)0.1O3 + γ System
Authors: Badelin A. G. , Derzhavin I. M. , Karpasyuk V. K. , Estemirova S. Kh.
Published: August 2023

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.3103/S1062873823340014
actividades económicas de los jesuitas en el Valle del Itata, Chile (1664-1767)
Authors: Parada Ulloa Marcos
Published: August 2023

El estudio se enfoca en analizar las actividades económicas desarrolladas por la Compañía de Jesús en el Valle del Itata, Chile, durante el período comprendido entre 1664 y 1767. El análisis es histórico-documental, permitiendo obtener información relevante sobre las actividades económicas y las redes que efectuaron los jesuitas en la zona de estudio. Los resultados de la investigación destacan que, a pesar de las dificultades y las constantes incursiones indígenas, los jesuitas lograron fortalecer la economía local y consolidando una segunda frontera en el Valle del Itata. Implementaron un sistema administrativo eficiente que les permitió ejercer dominio sobre el territorio, introducir técnicas modernas de agricultura y desarrollar actividades económicas como la producción de vino, la cría de ganado y la explotación de los recursos naturales. Sin embargo, la expulsión de los jesuitas en 1767 tuvo un impacto negativo en la economía y el ámbito educativo en Chile, generando cambios en la dinámica económica regional sin transformaciones sustanciales en el sistema económico general.
Bi-objective covering salesman problem with uncertainty
Authors:   Department of CSE, Silicon Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar, India, Tripathy Siba Prasada
Published: August 2023

Humanitarian relief transportation and mass fatality management activities are the most strenuous tasks after a natural or artificial disaster. A feasible and realistic transport model is essential for accomplishing the tasks in a planned way. Covering Salesman Problem (CSP) is a variant of Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) which has been used in many application areas, including disaster management. In this paper, we consider a bi-objective CSP in an uncertain environment where Interval Type 2 fuzzy numbers represent the costs of the edges. A new local search technique is introduced in the memetic algorithm, which has been used to solve the problem. A computational experiment on a set of instances indicates the effectiveness of the introduced local search technique along with the proposed methodology.
Iraqi Political Theater: More than a Comment
Authors: Shakir Khalaf Fatima , Sanaa Lazim Hassan Sanaa
Published: August 2023

This study aims to shed light on the Iraqi political theatre , and how the political events especially war  effected the on the theatrical works. The researcher chooses the Iraqi playwright Ali Abdul nabi  Az-Zaidi as representative .The study gives short introduction on the Iraqi  political events  starting  from 1980`s , then it deals with (Rubbish)  (Qummama)  and this play  shows the destruction of Iraqi  social life  after long eight years of war , the play tells the story of a solider  comes back from a war  with  an obstruction to find that his wife and mother have lost their  chastity and   worked as Prostitutes. The play is full of dark images which show the devastating effect of war on  both human and society .
بناء اختبار لمفهوم جائحة كورونا (كوفيد ١٩) لدى اطفال الروضة
Authors: أ.م.د. زهراء زيد شفيق العبيدي
Published: August 2023

هدف البحث التعرف إلى التعرف الى مستوى مفهوم جائحة كورونا (كوفيد ١٩) لدى اطفال الروضة، ، اذ تكون مجتمع البحث من أطفال الروضة في محافظة بغداد، ضمن مديرية تربية (الكرخ الثانية) من(الذكور والإناث) للعام الدراسي (2021-2022)م، ولاجل الكشف عن مستوى مفهوم جائحة كورونا (كوفيد ١٩) لدى اطفال الروضة، تم اختيار عينة البحث والبالغة (100) طفل وطفلة بواقع (50 ) طفل ، و(50 ) طفلة ، كما  قامت الباحثة ببناء اختبار يتسم بالصدق والثبات ، وأعتمدت الباحثة في أختيار عينة بحثها على الطريقة العشوائية البسيطة حيث بلغ عدد اطفال العينة (100) طفل وطفلة بواقع (50) ذكور و(50) إناث تم أختيارهم من اربع روضات ضمن الكرخ الثانية في محافظة بغداد، وقامت الباحثة ببناء اختبارلمعرفة مفهوم جائحة كورونا (كوفيد19) لدى أطفال الروضة، ولاستخراج نتائج البحث استعملت الباحثة الاختبار التائي لعينة واحدة والاختبار التائي لعينتين مستقلتين، وتوصلت الباحثة إلى نتائج اهداف البحث المراد تحقيقها في التعرف الى مفهوم جائحة كورونا (كوفيد19) لدى أطفال الروضة.
أثر انقلاب الاتحاديين الفكري والسياسي في العراق 1908 – 1914
Authors: نوري غلام م.م. اسراء
Published: August 2023

إن الحياة السياسية في العراق كانت تسير بخطوات سريعة، وكان لثورة الاتحاديين عام 1908, دور واضح في تحديد شكل الحياة السياسية الجديدة في العراق  وعدت تلك الثورة نقطة تحول خطيرة في تاريخ الدولة العثمانية والشعوب المنضوية تحت لوائها لاسيما وأن تلك الشعوب تتطلع الى التحرر من نير الأستبداد الحميدي لحقبة تزيد على ثلاثة عقود وتطمح لإعادة الدستور الذي عطله بعد تسلمه العرش بمدة وجيزة، وكان لثورة عام 1908, صدى واسع في العراق، فبعد أن كان العراقيون يقرأون في الصحف العراقية والعربية عن نشاط الحركات السياسية في دول الغرب، وعن أحداث تلك الاضطرابات والاحتجاجات والمظاهرات، وبعد أن تعرفوا على معاني مصطلحات سياسية مثل التمثيل السياسي والانتخاب والحرية والعدالة والمساواة من خلال قراءة الصحف والمجلات أصبحوا بعد ثورة الاتحاديين وجهاً لوجه أمام هذه المسميات، بعد أن كانوا ولمدة طويلة قليلي النشاط السياسي مقارنة بنظرائهم من مثقفي بلاد الشام ومصر، ونادت الثورة منذ بداياتها بالحرية والعدالة والمساواة، الأسس الثلاثة التي نادى بها قادة الثورة وأرادوا تطبيقها على جميع أبناء الدولة العثمانية من دون تمييز ديني أو قومي .
Star Trek Voyager and technology (Supplement III:11)
Authors: Akmut Camille
Published: August 2023

(Supplement to the History of computer science and technology)
Co-creating with ChatGPT for tourism marketing materials
Authors: Zhang Yaozhi , Prebensen Nina
Published: August 2023

This preprint reported two studies related to the application of ChatGPT in creating tourism marketing material.
Mastering Turnkey Lab Design: A Comprehensive Guide for Software Development
Authors: Chain Lea
Published: August 2023

Mastering Turnkey Lab Design: A Comprehensive Guide for SoftwareDevelopment
Primitive and advanced Theory-of-Mind: Defending and reformulating their difference 14/06/2023
Authors: Bejarano Teresa
Published: August 2023

Can we nowadays keep a qualitative difference between the primitive and advanced Theory-of-Mind? This article tries to defend and reformulate such difference. Thus, after underlining the contrast between two kinds of mental states – (full) contents and (empty) expectations –, I apply it to the detection of foreign (that is, not one's own) mental states as well. Then, three points are proposed: First, ‘vicarious expectations’ sustain the primitive ToM; second, a subject can have no expectation of inner states which are intrinsically impossible for him; third, the state of interacting with ourselves as with a different person – e.g., the thinking what others think of us – cannot be a vicarious expectation of ours, but it requires the estimation of foreign contents. From this hypothesis, I deduce that vicarious expectations are unable to sustain self-conscious emotions or the really effective reception of pointing gestures. These two abilities, which are necessary in ‘the new, human, lifestyle’, could appear only when ‘the estimation of foreign contents’ – i.e., the origin of the advanced ToM – arose.
Loopholes: A window into value alignment and the communication of meaning
Authors: Bridgers Sophie Elizabeth Colby , Qian Peng , Taliaferro Maya , Parece Kiera , Schulz Laura , Ullman Tomer David
Published: August 2023

Intentional misunderstandings take advantage of the ambiguity of language to do what someone said, instead of what they actually wanted. These purposeful misconstruals or loopholes are a familiar facet of fable, law, and everyday life. Engaging with loopholes requires a nuanced understanding of goals (your own and those of others), ambiguity, and social alignment. As such, loopholes provide a unique window into the normal operations of cooperation and communication. Despite their pervasiveness and utility in social interaction, research on loophole behavior is scarce. Here, we combine a theoretical analysis with empir- ical data to give a framework of loophole behavior. We first establish that loopholes are widespread, and exploited most often in equal or subordinate relationships (Study 1). We show that people reliably distinguish loophole behavior from both compliance and non-compliance (Study 2), and that people predict that others are most likely to exploit loopholes when their goals are in conflict with their social partner’s and there is a cost for non-compliance. We discuss these findings in light of other computational frameworks for communication and joint- planning, offer a proposal for how loophole behavior might develop, and discuss the implications of this work for human-machine alignment.
Cognate beginnings to bilingual lexical acquisition
Authors: Garcia-Castro Gonzalo , Avila-Varela Daniela , Castillejo Ignacio , Sebastian-Galles Nuria
Published: August 2023

Bilingual infants’ developmental trajectories of lexical acquisition are equivalent to their monolingual peers’. This is remarkable, given the complexity of their linguistic input. Recent studies suggest that bilingual vocabulary growth is boosted by the number of cognates (form-similar translation equivalents) shared by the pair of languages being learned, and that this cognateness facilitation effect is driven by a stronger parallel activation of cognates during linguistic exposure, compared to non-cognates. The mechanisms behind this facilitation are still unclear. In this study, we propose an account of bilingual lexical acquisition in which parallel activation increases the rate at which children accumulate learning instances for words in both languages, even in fully monolingual situations. We predicted a stronger cognate facilitation for words to which children were exposed less frequently (low-exposure words), as they are co-activated by their translation more often than high-exposure words. We developed an extensive online vocabulary checklist, the Barcelona Vocabulary questionnaire (BVQ), to collect vocabulary data from 366 Catalan-Spanish bilingual toddlers aged 12 to 32 months. We used Bayesian explanatory item response theory to model the acquisition trajectories of 604 Catalan and Spanish words. We found an interaction between exposure and cognateness, suggesting that cognateness facilitates the aquisition of low-exposure words, but not of mean exposure or high-exposure words. Overall, our findings suggest that cognateness plays a key role in bilingual lexical acquisition, and provide evidence for a frequency-mediated facilitation effect driven by parallel activation.
Talking the talk, not walking the walk: The co-evolution of overconfidence and loss aversion
Authors: Dawson Christopher , de Meza David
Published: August 2023

A puzzle for evolutionary theory is the coexistence of two seemingly offsetting behavioral “biases”, overconfidence and loss aversion. Overconfidence is a call to action and loss aversion curbs initiative. The most prominent evolutionary explanation of overconfidence, due to Robert Trivers (1976), is that self-deceit arises the better to deceive others. Missing from this account is why even sincere messages are believed, especially as self-deception is widespread. We propose a signalling theory. Since the decision error associated with overconfidence is less burdensome for the more able, as are the benefits of being thought able, hardwired overconfidence is a credible signal of true ability. Evidence supports this interpretation. A further implication of signalling is that loss aversion is part of the equilibrium. It partially ameliorates the decision costs of overconfidence but as it is usually hidden, does not eliminate its signalling role. “Biases” are thus symbiotic—the payoff to agents from an integrated set of biases are higher than would be the case in their absence. From this perspective, Kahneman’s advice that individuals eliminate both overconfidence and loss aversion is not well founded.
The association between discourse production and schizotypal traits
Authors: Gann Emily , Xiong Yanyu , Bui Chuong , Newman Sharlene D.
Published: August 2023

Discourse abnormalities are a prominent feature in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, including poor lexical diversity, and have been found to differentiate patients from healthy subjects. Several theories explaining the causes of this exist, including, but not limited to, perseveration and top-down and bottom-up processes. However, the role of schizotypal personality traits in semantic functioning is often overshadowed by research on explicitly clinical psychotic symptoms. In the present study, we examined schizotypal traits at a non-clinical threshold and their association with lexical diversity and discourse cohesion using two automated Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools. 300 college students completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire- Brief Revised (SPQ-BR) and recorded a speech sample describing a detailed painting. We assessed lexical diversity using two Type-Token-Ratio (TTR) measures from the Tool for the Automatic Analysis of Lexical Diversity (TAALED) and discourse cohesion using sentence-level average cosign similarity (ACS) with FastText. We found that high schizotypal traits (ST), specifically positive traits, were associated with low lexical diversity and high discourse cohesion. Our findings suggest that even when clinically significant schizophrenia (SZ) symptoms are not present, discourse abnormalities are present in healthy populations with high ST below a clinical threshold. The stronger association with positive traits suggests that theories of perseveration and bottom-up processing may warrant further investigation in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders.
A mixed-methods investigation of weight bias reduction in medical students
Authors: Rathbone Joanne , Smyth Lillian , Cruwys Tegan
Published: August 2023

We used a mixed-methods design to test a novel weight bias intervention and understand current attitudes towards people with higher weight and weight-inclusive care among medical students (N=80). The intervention was embedded in curriculum and focused on delegitimising the use of weight as a heuristic for health. Almost half of participants (43.8%) responded to pre- and post-intervention surveys. These participants found the intervention acceptable; reported significant pre-post reductions in weight bias and endorsement of using weight as a heuristic for health. Less engaged participants (i.e., who did not complete the post-survey) reported significantly greater pre-intervention endorsement of using weight as a heuristic for health. One central theme emerged from pre-intervention qualitative responses, relating to how medical students scoped both the problem and the solution. This consisted of three sub-themes: problematising the (1) system and clinician (and their weight bias), (2) patient (who was responsible for their own health), and (3) medical condition (weight and health behaviours as problems for clinicians to solve). Participants often showed evidence of several and sometimes contradictory ways of problem-scoping. Problematising the patient was particularly pronounced among less engaged participants. Findings suggest that the intervention may be acceptable and effective in reducing weight bias in medical students who already have lower levels of bias than their peers. A key challenge for weight bias reduction among medical students lies in addressing problem-scoping that may encourage weight bias and weight-centric care, and reaching the population most in need of intervention – students with high levels of weight bias.
Climate Change, Climatic Hazards and National Security of Nepal
Authors: Rawal Prakash Bikram
Published: August 2023

This article examines the impact of climate change on the national security of Nepal by studying secondary data from the Ministry of Home Affairs. The data covers the last five years and focuses on five climate hazards: flood, landslide, windstorm, forest fire, and avalanches. Through an analysis of the human and economic costs and the frequency of occurrence, the study identifies windstorms as an emerging threat to national security. The research highlights that climatic hazards are affecting Nepal's security, and the study particularly investigates their impacts in the past year. The human and economic costs caused by these climatic hazards were assessed based on factors such as: deaths, injuries, missing persons, affected families, destroyed houses, displaced sheds, and estimated monetary losses. The study indicates a fluctuation in the frequency and impacts of some climatic hazards due to climate change, with 2076 BS being the most destructive year. Traditional threats such as floods and landslides persist, while windstorms are increasingly becoming stronger. Additionally, the incidents of forest fires have risen in the last two years. Among the five hazards, avalanches seem to be the least destructive in terms of human and economic costs. The findings underscore the importance of addressing climate change to safeguard Nepal's national security.
Human Resource Development Oriented Performance Appraisal System in Armed Police Force, Nepal
Authors: Paudel Suraj
Published: August 2023

Human Resource Management (HRM) involves managing and developing the workforce, while Human Resource Development (HRD) optimizes performance, fosters growth, and aligns HR practices with employee needs. Performance Appraisal (PA) is vital for HRD, identifying strengths, development areas, fostering growth, and optimizing organizational performance. The research employed a descriptive design with a sequential explanatory method, gathering quantitative data from 74 and qualitative data from 25 respondentsout of 1741 officers in the Armed Police Force, Nepal (APF). Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to examine the quantitative data as well as thematic analysis was executed for the qualitative analysis to study the performance appraisal system in the APF focusing on its alignment with HRD principles. The study reveals that the APF has an HRD climate and is oriented towards HRD principles in its performance appraisal system. However, significant improvements are needed to enhance the system's effectiveness and fairness. The study further highlights the importance of the monitoring on performance appraisal process and linking performance appraisal results with other HRD mechanisms for a comprehensive HRD-oriented PA system. The research suggests implementing training for appraisers, improving performance review frequency, and incorporating potential appraisal, adopting a more systematic and objective evaluation system to foster a fair and growth-oriented appraisal environment. These findings have significant applications for enhancing the PA system and promoting HRD within the organization since the study emphasized the importance of a strong monitoring system, regular feedback, and potential appraisal to foster an HRD-oriented appraisal process, ultimately promoting employee growth and organizational development.
Association Between Inter-Agencies Cooperation and Border Governance of Nepal
Authors: Upreti Yukesh
Published: August 2023

Border agency cooperation is the process by which different agencies joins together for the purpose of attaining a common goal in building efficiencies for facilitating international trade, cross border travel by improving cross border security. The government of Nepal has established different agencies to enhance border governance. The purpose of this article is to analyze the relationship between inter-agency cooperation and border governance of Nepal. The research follows a sequential explanatory research design using primary and secondary data. Primary data are extracted from stratified sampling technique using five point likert-scale questionnaires where 202 responses were acquired. The findings show that there is a positive relationship between independent variables of inter-agencies cooperation and border governance of Nepal. Furthermore, inter-agency cooperation and border governance have a positive correlation coefficient of 0.391 at 1 percent level of significant. The regression analysis show interagency cooperation has 30 percent effect in border governance of Nepal. The beta value shows one unit of change in inter-agency cooperation will bring 0.523 unit of change in border governance of Nepal. The study suggest on enhancing information, intelligence & data exchange program on daily basis and improvement on mutual negotiation, synchronized border inspection, and mutual trust within the border governing agencies for maintaining good border governance of Nepal by enhancing service delivery.
Key Factors Influencing Functionality of Community-Managed Rural Water Supply System in Nepal
Authors: Yadav Maheshwar Prasad
Published: August 2023

The paper aims at examining key factors influencing the functionality of the community-managed rural water supply system in developing countries like Nepal. The study adopts a descriptive cum analytical research design based on primary data only. The required data were collected through a telephone interview using a semi-structured questionnaire on a sample of 486 respondents from the respective community-managed rural water supply projects. The collected data were analyzed using correlation, chi-square test, Cramer’s V, and cross-tabulation to find out the results leading to major findings of the study. The study concludes that the key factors influencing the functionality of the community-managed rural water supply system are the systems’ caretakers followed by the operation and maintenance fund, the activeness of the users’ committee, and the availability of spare parts in the context of Nepal.
Perceptions of Conflict between Self-Efficacy, Job Satisfaction, and Work-Life Balance among University Teachers
Authors: Khadka Ajaya Kumar , Khadka Srijana
Published: August 2023

The study explored the relationship between work-life balance, perceptions of personal conflict between work and family, university teachers' self-efficacy, and job satisfaction. The study used 210 responses from university teachers working in different public and private colleges in Kathmandu Metropolitan City, the capital city of Nepal, based on a purposive sampling technique. The data were analyzed using regression and correlation analysis. Findings showed a good correlation between self-efficacy, job satisfaction, perceived work-family conflicts, and perceived balance of teachers' work life. In addition, the findings discovered that conflict between work and family was the most significant predictor of job satisfaction. The results indicate that increasing teachers' sense of self-efficacy, fostering a better work-life balance, and decreasing work-family conflict can all benefit teachers' contentment with their jobs and their likelihood of staying in them. These results have considerable ramifications for schools, governments, and other educational stakeholders looking to boost educator satisfaction and happiness on the job.
Awareness Status of Stroke among the Students of Saraswati Multiple Campus: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Adhikari Anup , Adhikari Ashmita , Malla Supriya
Published: August 2023

Stroke is a cerebrovascular disease characterized as a medical emergency that occurs when a blockage ensues in the brain and the blood supply is interrupted or discontinued by any means. It is popularly categorized as Ischemic stroke, Intracranial Hemorrhage, and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and is one of the leading cause of deaths worldwide. This research includes prevention techniques, treatment strategies, opinions, and the awareness status of respondents, sequentially including the citations of various researchers on the issue of stroke. The research explores stroke-associated factors and the awareness status among the students, who are currently pursuing the degree, Master of Arts in Sociology and English at Saraswati Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University. Similarly, the number of respondents was 22, and the data was collected through a convenience sampling technique that demonstrates the opinions of the respondents. The researcher has used both qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze the data. The principal findings present that the respondents (40.91%) believes hypertension is the major factor in stroke, whereas respondents (54.5%) agrees that exercise and healthy lifestyle modification can reduce the risk factors. Correspondingly, the data concludes respondents (86.4%) takes the stroke patient to the hospital and shows the overall awareness status is satisfactory. Furthermore, the knowledge in the event of stroke contribution to the patient is strong and the respondents (77.3%) have stated that the stroke affects the brain, although they are not familiar with Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) techniques if the patient is in unconscious condition having breathing problem. Finally, the research concludes that stroke awareness status is satisfactory among the respondents and prioritizes that stroke-related course books must be included at the University level of Social Sciences disciplines, whereby the proper information and knowledge spreads within the students. It improves on identifying the actual symptoms and also encourages the patient's early admission to the hospital, which helps to decrease disability and other impairments via conducting proper methods.
Addressing the Gap between Academics and IT Industry in Nepal
Authors: Poudel Hemanta , Upadhyaya Sharad
Published: August 2023

This study addresses the gap between academics and IT industry of Nepal. The research is based on the survey of B.Sc. CSIT students of Tribhuvan University. The survey found that a majority of students are not satisfied with the quality of IT education provided by colleges under the affiliation of Tribhuvan University. The students cited several reasons for their dissatisfaction, including lack of industry-relevant training, real-world exposure, and career counseling. To ensure the sustainability and competitiveness of the sector, it is necessary to bridge the gap. thus, the recommendations in this research can help industry professionals, professors, educators, and policymakers to bridge the gap and meet the needs of the industry.
Comparative Risk Return Analysis of Nepal Stock Market with Selected Banking Stocks in Nepal
Authors: Thapa Narad Kumar
Published: August 2023

The Nepalese stock market, specifically concentrating on three commercial banks listed on the Nepal Stock Exchange Limited. The paper aims to analyze the risk and return associated with investing in common stocks in the Nepalese stock market, focusing on three commercial banks. Secondary data is gathered from various sources, including the NEPSE website, prior studies, publications by the NRB (Nepal Rastra Bank), commercial banks' websites, and the SEBON (Securities Board of Nepal) website. The paper employs scientific analysis techniques on quantitative data. Different methods, such as correlation, regression, and descriptive statistics, are used to test hypotheses and investigate the risk-return trade-off in the Nepalese stock markets. The analysis is based on the results of the sample banks' risk and return analysis, utilizing historical data from their most recent five fiscal years, spanning from FY-2017/18 to FY-2021/22. The abstract concludes that the three commercial banks examined in the study are characterized by high risk and variable rates of return.
Inquisitorial and Adversarial Legal System: Concept, Content and Major Differences
Authors: Pradhananga Rajit Bhakta , Bhatta Diwakar
Published: August 2023

No abstract available.
Constitutional Provisions on Right to Equality and Issues of Human Rights from the HIV-AIDS Inflicted People Perspective
Authors: Parajuli D.N.
Published: August 2023

No abstract available.
Duties of citizens in the Constitution of Nepal and South Asian Countries
Authors: Bashyal Binod
Published: August 2023

No abstract available.
Social Function of Law from Jurisprudential Outlook
Authors: Parajuli Gyaneshwor , Lamicchane Bimal Prasad
Published: August 2023

No abstract available.
Changing Diorama of International Order and Containment Strategy
Authors: Sangroula Yubaraj
Published: August 2023

No abstract available.
Application of International Humanitarian Law in Post Conflict Situation in the Context of Nepal
Authors: Mahat Dev Bahadur
Published: August 2023

No abstract available.
Origin and Development of Caste System in Ancient Indian Aryan Society
Authors: Kafle Dol Raj
Published: August 2023

This study explores the origin and development of the caste system in ancient Aryan society in India. The caste system is a social construct that has shaped the social, economic, and political landscape of communities for centuries. The study uses a qualitative research design, with the framework based on the principle of the Varna System, meaning the division of labor according to social class. The caste system was established based on occupation and social class, dividing people into four groups: priests, rulers, producers or traders, and manual workers or servants. The caste system has endured throughout history, deeply rooted in cultural and traditional practices. The term 'caste' used to describe social hierarchy in Western countries has its roots in the Spanish and Portuguese as well as the Latin word 'casta' which only came into use in the 15th century. In India, the word 'caste' was originally used to refer to a social division system designed to preserve the purity of bloodlines within a group. Over time, the term expanded to include people with close social or blood ties as well as groups with economic privileges and rights, and it became associated with hereditary equality, independent traditional organizations, and customs. The study's objective is to explain the origins and evolution of the caste system in ancient Indian society.
Corporate Social Responsibility: The New Engine of Entrepreneurship Development
Authors: Kathayat Bhupal Bikram
Published: August 2023

As modern societies evolve, entrepreneurial sustainability becomes increasingly relevant and applicable across developed and developing countries worldwide. The issue of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in business has grown significantly, and it has been identified as a strategic weapon for entrepreneurship growth today. Thus, the present study attempted to examine CSR's influence on entrepreneurship development. Carroll's four social responsibilities in this study can be considered as CSR: economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic. The study followed a positivist research paradigm, deductive reasoning, a causal-comparative research method, and convenience sampling techniques for its procedural operations. The study's target population was the total number of registered small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Dailekh District. The study incorporated 465 business owners as the sample size. The structured survey questionnaire was used to collect the primary data. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics like percentages, frequency, and structural equation modeling. In order to analyze the data, SPSS 20 and AMOS 23 were used. The results of the study demonstrated that there is a significant positive impact of CSR on entrepreneurship development. Therefore, the concerned stakeholders should consider preserving CSR in their businesses. In addition, the study's results will be a source of information for stakeholders like entrepreneurs, customers, researchers, and academicians.
Practice of Caste Hierarchy among the Muslims of Miya Patan of Pokhara
Authors: Ojha Niranjan , Bhandari Arjun Bahadur
Published: August 2023

In a country like Nepal, where Hindus make up the majority of the population, the study of religious minorities reflects its importance. A distinctive form of stratification is caste. Hindu concepts and arguments can be used to understand and explain this occurrence, which is solely a Hindu phenomenon. Caste is widespread outside of the Indian Subcontinent, in the Arab world, Polynesia, North and East Africa, Japan, and North America. The Muslim community follows a system of hierarchy and upholds caste purity just like the Hindu community. Similar to Brahminism in Hindu society, Saiyedism in Muslim society (the Arab domination) is a major contributor to caste prejudice in the Muslim community. Based on qualitative study, this article describes the critical actions that must be taken at each level of the caste hierarchy. With the use of an observational technique, in-depth interviews, and library research, the subject is being generalized. For the objective of knowing more, Muslim scholars and elder people who had witnessed the practice were chosen as the respondents. Because they requested anonymity, the respondents are referred to as Res.1, Res.2, Res.3, and so forth. The focus of this investigation is Miya Patan’s Muslim’s caste hierarchy. This article is limited to historical study among the Muslims of Miya Patan of Pokhara. It is not concerned with other aspects of the study area. It makes an effort to address the problem of caste hierarchy among Muslims in Nepal.
The Activities of Local Development Investment Funds in several Countries and Lessons Learned for Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Nhat Linh
Published: August 2023

This paper presents a comprehensive set of recommendations tailored for Vietnam's approach to Development Investment Funds (DIFs) by drawing insights from the experiences of China, India, Colombia, Tunisia, Thailand, and Malaysia. The study underscores the need for a flexible approach to DIF models, highlighting the gradual evolution of models in well-established markets that are customized to specific development conditions and legal systems. This adaptability fosters competition, accommodates diverse investment products, and aligns with the dynamic financial market trends shaped by liberalization and globalization. Overall, this paper provides a comprehensive roadmap for Vietnam to strategically implement and manage DIFs, drawing upon a rich tapestry of international experiences to ensure effective, adaptive, and successful DIF operations in the local context.a
Differences in Sleep Quality and Sleepiness among Veterinary Medical Students at Multiple Institutions Before and After the Pandemic Induced Transition to Online Learning
Authors: Nappier Michael , Alvarez Elizabeth E. , Bartl-Wilson Lara , Boynton Elizabeth P. , Hanlon Alexandra L. , Lozano Alicia J. , Ng Zenithson , Ogunmayowa Oluwatosin , Shoop Tiffany , Welborn Nancy D. , Wuerz Julia
Published: August 2023

Poor sleep health has been previously documented in veterinary medical students. However, it is not known how universal or widespread this problem is. This study evaluated Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) scores to measure sleep health among students at seven colleges of veterinary medicine in the United States (US). Inadvertently, the transition to online only learning due to the global COVID-19 pandemic was also captured. Veterinary students were found to have universally poor sleep quality and high daytime sleepiness. The transition to online only learning appeared to have little impact on sleep quality, but improved daytime sleepiness scores were observed. The findings suggest poor sleep health is common among veterinary medical students at multiple institutions in the US and that further investigation is necessary.
Access to Justice and Civil-Procedural Bargaining
Authors: Aidid Abdi
Published: August 2023

There is a virtual consensus that there is an ‘access-to-justice’ crisis in Canada. Some of the more concerning elements of the crisis – namely, the inaccessibility of courts – were brought into sharp focus at the onset of the global COVID-19 pandemic, wherein the already strained Ontario courts seemed poised to incur more ‘case debt’ and add to their already lengthy backlog. Responsively, governments and courts mounted a series of immediate reforms that were aimed at coping with the acute crisis, many of which were generally helpful measures that access-to-justice proponents advocated for even in non-emergency contexts. The relatively swift, frictionless nature of the changes – surely abetted by the emergency context – suggests that access-to-justice proponents, who often advocate large-scale legal, policy, and regulatory reforms, should consider what other such immediate, ‘low-hanging fruit’ interventions are available. Civil procedure offers fertile ground for such interventions. To this end, this article seeks to inform future reform efforts with three contributions. First, I argue that the access-to-justice problem is properly characterized as a civil-procedural problem. Second, I offer a new typology of civil procedural rules to fill conceptual gaps in the scholarship. Third, relying on an emergent literature about the concept of ‘procedural flexibility,’ I argue that procedural rules are more negotiable than traditional accounts contemplate, which presents opportunities for the practice of procedural bargaining as an access-to-justice tool.
تدريس العلوم السياسية في الجامعات السودانية: النشأة والتطور
Authors: أحمد حسن الحاج , عبد الله ياسر عوض
Published: August 2023

تركّز هذه الدراسة على تناول نشأة تدريس العلوم السياسية في الجامعات السودانية وتطوره. وتبدأ بتأسيس جامعة الخرطوم التي تطوّرت من كلية غردون التذكارية المنشأة في عام 1902 بوصفها أقدم الجامعات السودانية، وأول جامعة يبدأ فيها تدريس العلوم السياسية. اتّبع قسم العلوم السياسية في الجامعة مناهج الجامعات البريطانية، متأثرًا بأهداف تأسيس كلية غردون التذكارية والارتباط بجامعة لندن قبيل الاستقلال وأوائل الأساتذة الذين درّسوا. كما تتناول الدراسة توسّع تدريس العلوم السياسية في جامعة أم درمان الإسلامية والجامعات الأخرى. وتتطرق إلى التوجهات الفكرية التي أثّرت في تدريس العلوم السياسية في الجامعات السودانية، والمناهج وطرق التأهيل المستخدمة وتطوّر المقررات، وتتعرّض لأثر السياسة والسياسات العامة في تدريسها.
حال العلوم السياسية في مصر: تجربة قسم العلوم السياسية في كلية الاقتصاد بجامعة القاهرة
Authors: فكري مروة
Published: August 2023

تتناول هذه الدراسة حال حقل العلوم السياسية في مصر، وتبحث عما إذا كانت المدرسة/ الجماعة المصرية للعلوم السياسية في حالة أزمة وتحدد الأسباب الممكنة لذلك. وتركز على تجربة قسم العلوم السياسية في كلية الاقتصاد - جامعة القاهرة باعتبارها أول كلية مخصصة لهذا الحقل الدراسي في مصر وبالنظر إلى الأدوار المتزايدة التي يؤديها خريجوها في المجال العام. وتتناول ثلاثة أبعاد أساسية، يتعلق الأول بتصورات هذه "الجماعة" حول دور علم السياسة في المجتمع والسياسة في مصر. وينظر البعد الثاني في محتوى المقررات الدراسية والتطورات التي مرت بها في المراحل الزمنية المختلفة، ويلقى البعد الثالث الضوء على السياقات الأيديولوجية والسياسية التي أثرت في التدريس والبحث في العلوم السياسية في مصر. وتخلص إلى أن أزمة علم السياسة في مصر مزدوجة، يتعلق شقها الأول بأزمة الحقل بصورة عامة، بينما يرتبط الشق الثاني بالواقع المصري تحديدًا.
Effect of Immediate Postpartum Skin-to-Skin Contact Between Mothers and Newborns on Episiotomy Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Taechavichitpisal Chanikan , Rodpenpear Nopporn
Published: August 2023

Objective: To determine the effect of immediate skin-to-skin contact (SSC) between mothers and their newborns on episiotomy pain.Material and Methods: This randomized controlled trial enrolled 60 participants who underwent vaginal delivery. The participants were divided into two groups: an immediate SSC group and a no SSC group (n=30 for each group). SSC was initiated within 10 minutes after birth with a contact duration of at least 30 minutes. Episiotomy pain severity was evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS) at one hour after birth in both groups. The pain scores were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and the optimum contact time for reducing episiotomy wound pain was evaluated by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results: The median VAS of episiotomy pain at one hour after delivery in the SSC group was statistically significantly lower than the no SSC group (1.9 (0.8-3.1) vs. 3.4 (2-5.2) cm, p-value<0.001). The contact time for optimal pain reduction was at least 30 minutes of SSC.Conclusion: Immediate SSC contact between a mother and her neonate after delivery can effectively reduce episiotomy pain.
Ontological Knowledge Management System Of Islamic Concepts
Authors:   Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Karachi Pakistan, Ali Hayat
Published: August 2023

This study is focused on the conceptual relationship between different ayah of Al-Quran. Let’s take an example what Allah says about Muttaqee in the Al-Quran, the Quran say Muttaqee are those “They are on (true) guidance from their Lord” or “Those who got Falah” but when we go in the context of “Falah” we don’t find such word related Muttaqee means the relationship is there like if someone ask, who are Muttaqee the answer will be “Those who got Falah”; similarly if it is asked that who got Falah the answer is Muttaqee. There are several examples available in the Quran where we are not aware what will be the next related ayah to it. Another example in surah Al- Baqara Allah says: “The month of Ramadan in which was revealed the Qur'an” but next related ayah which we found in surah Al-Qadr in which Allah says: “Verily! We have sent it (this Qur'an) down in the night of Al-Qadr (Decree)” means the Allah revealed Al-Quran in Ramadan also in next surah it is further explained that it was revealed in lailat-ul-qadr.
STUDY OF THE OPERATION OF A WOODEN BEAM REINFORCED WITH STEEL PLATES
Authors:   Industrial University of Tyumen, Baj Vladimir F. , Erenchinov Sergey A. ,   Industrial University of Tyumen, Gach Evgeniy A. ,   Industrial University of Tyumen
Published: August 2023

The article describes the main problems of engineering reinforced wooden structures associated with the justification of their reliability. Tasks to study the operation of a wooden reinforced beam taking into account the nonlinear operation of wood have been set and solved. A girder structure reinforced in the compressed and tensile zones by plate elements was used as the object of the research. To achieve the aims, the authors carried out an experimental study using strain-gauge equipment, numerical simulation of the structure in the ANSYS PC and analytical calculations. Based on the results, conclusions about the effectiveness of steel plate reinforcement in wooden beams have been made. The results can be applied in the engineering, and the developed structure can be used as the elements of the frame structures and as floor beams.
RAILWAY NETWORK IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE CITY AND ITS ROLE IN ORGANIZATION OF THE PASSENGER TERMINAL
Authors:   Industrial University of Tyumen, Ogneva Mariia A. , Kulachkovskiy Valeriy N. ,   Industrial University of Tyumen
Published: August 2023

Certain barriers of natural or humaninduced origin inevitably arise in the structure of any city. They prevent free flow of human traffic through the urban fabric. One of these barriers is railroad. It is often the cause of negative processes that form inefficient urban planning. The purpose of the article is to determine the planning principles of organization of the passenger terminal. The article considers the main problems associated with the interjection of railway network into the structure of the city, and methods of solving them. Existing planning of Tyumen train station territory and its problematics are also described. The results of the analysis were applied in the design of a conceptual scheme for the transformation of the railway station into a transportation hub and can be used as the basis for the prospective development of the project.
SOLVING THE ISSUE OF ENSURING THE ALIGNMENT OF TWO INTERSECTING METAL WIRES USING A TEST BENCH FOR A METAL SPRAYING AS AN EXAMPLE
Authors:   Industrial University of Tyumen, Pisarev Dmitry E. , Mitrokhin Sergey I. ,   Industrial University of Tyumen, Starikov Alexander I. ,   Industrial University of Tyumen
Published: August 2023

In this work, the task was to ensure the alignment of two intersecting metal wires to maintain the welding arc at all times. This need arose as a result of an experiment in cold spray metal plating. It revealed a problem that does not allow maintaining a constant spraying process: the welding arc was unstable, because it did not ensure constant contact of differently charged metal wires. A description of the equipment used in the experiment (including both a real prototype and a three-dimensional model) and modifications of the existing mechanism to solve the identified problem is given. Also presented a general view of the modified design, as well as a separated three-dimensional model to show the fundamental design changes. As a result, a modified model of the housing, where the welding nozzles are located, has been developed. It is capable to ensure the adjustment of the welding nozzle position and, accordingly, to guarantee constant alignment of the two intersecting metal wires.
Radiofrequency ablation during stereoelectroencephalography: from diagnostic tool to therapeutic intervention. Illustrative case
Authors: Serletis Demitre , Bulacio Juan , Bingaman Justin , Abushanab Elham , Harasimchuk Stephen P. , Rammo Richard , Neme-Mercante Silvia , Bingaman William
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND

Radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFTC) during intracranial stereoelectroencephalography (sEEG) was first described as a safe technique for creating lesions of epileptic foci in 2004. Since that time, the method has been applied as a diagnostic and/or palliative intervention. Although widely practiced in European epilepsy surgical programs, the technique has not been popularized in the United States given the lack of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved technologies permitting safe usage of in situ sEEG electrodes for this purpose.

OBSERVATIONS

The authors present a case report of a young female patient with refractory left neocortical temporal lobe epilepsy undergoing sEEG electrode implantation, who underwent sEEG-guided RFTC via a stereotactic temperature-sensing pallidotomy probe. Although used as a diagnostic step in her workup, the patient has remained seizure-free for nearly 18 months.

LESSONS

The use of in situ sEEG electrodes for RFTC remains limited in the United States. In this context, this case highlights a safe alternative and temporizing approach to performing diagnostic sEEG-guided RFTC, using a temperature-sensing pallidotomy probe to create small, precise stereotactic lesions. The authors caution careful consideration of this technique as a temporary work-around solution while also highlighting the rising need for new FDA-approved technologies for safe RFTC through in situ temperature-sensing sEEG electrodes.
Globular clusters in the central region of the Milky Way galaxy. II. Frequency analysis of orbits built from Gaia ED3 data
Authors:   The Central Astronomical Observatory of the RAS at Pulkovo, Bajkova A.T. , Smirnov A.A. ,   The Central Astronomical Observatory of the RAS at Pulkovo, Bobylev V.V. ,   The Central Astronomical Observatory of the RAS at Pulkovo
Published: August 2023

This work represents the second stage of research aimed at studying the influence of the bar on the orbital dynamics of globular clusters (Bajkova, Smirnov, and Bobylev, 2023). The orbits of 45 globular clusters in the central galactic region with a radius of 3.5 kpc have been analyzed by spectral dynamics methods in order to identify objects captured by the bar. Since the parameters of the bar of the Milky Way are known with a very large uncertainty, orbits were constructed and their frequency analysis was carried out with varying the mass, length and angular velocity of rotation of the bar in a wide range of values with a fairly dense grid. The orbits were integrated 2.5 billion years backward. As a result, globular clusters supporting the bar were identified for each set of bar parameters. To form the 6D phase space required for orbit integration, we used the most accurate astrometric data from the Gaia satellite (Vasiliev and Baumgardt, 2021), as well as new refined average distances to globular clusters (Baumgardt and Vasiliev, 2021).