bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O-glycosylation of the transcription factor SPATULA promotes style development in Arabidopsis
Authors: Jiang Yuxiang , Curran-French Seamus , Koh Samuel W. H. , Jamil Iqra , Gu Benguo , Argirò Luca , Lopez Sergio G. , Martins Carlo , Saalbach Gerhard , Moubayidin Laila
Published: January 2024

O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) and O-fucose are two sugar-based post-translational modifications whose mechanistic role in plant signalling and transcriptional regulation is still largely unknown. Here we investigated how two O-glycosyltransferase enzymes of Arabidopsis thaliana, SPINDLY (SPY) and SECRET AGENT (SEC), promote the activity of the basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor SPATULA (SPT) during morphogenesis of the plant female reproductive organ apex, the style. SPY and SEC modify amino-terminal residues of SPT in vivo and in vitro by attaching O-fucose and O-GlcNAc, respectively. This post-translational regulation does not impact SPT homo- and heterodimerization events, although it enhances the affinity of SPT for the kinase PINOID gene locus and its transcriptional repression. Our findings offer a mechanistic example of the effect of O-GlcNAc and O-fucose on the activity of a plant transcription factor and reveal previously unrecognized roles for SEC and SPY in orchestrating style elongation and shape.
Absence of 3a0 charge density wave order in the infinite-layer nickelate NdNiO2
Authors: Parzyck C. T. , Gupta N. K. , Wu Y. , Anil V. , Bhatt L. , Bouliane M. , Gong R. , Gregory B. Z. , Luo A. , Sutarto R. , He F. , Chuang Y.-D. , Zhou T. , Herranz G. , Kourkoutis L. F. , Singer A. , Schlom D. G. , Hawthorn D. G. , Shen K. M.
Published: January 2024

A hallmark of many unconventional superconductors is the presence of many-body interactions that give rise to broken-symmetry states intertwined with superconductivity. Recent resonant soft X-ray scattering experiments report commensurate 3a0 charge density wave order in infinite-layer nickelates, which has important implications regarding the universal interplay between charge order and superconductivity in both cuprates and nickelates. Here we present X-ray scattering and spectroscopy measurements on a series of NdNiO2+x samples, which reveal that the signatures of charge density wave order are absent in fully reduced, single-phase NdNiO2. The 3a0 superlattice peak instead originates from a partially reduced impurity phase where excess apical oxygens form ordered rows with three-unit-cell periodicity. The absence of any observable charge density wave order in NdNiO2 highlights a crucial difference between the phase diagrams of cuprate and nickelate superconductors.
Rural Indonesian adolescents’ smoking behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic: rapid survey and cotinine test of school-attend adolescents in Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta
Authors: Ekawati Fitriana Murriya , Novitasari Dhiana Ayu , Putri Dwi Astuti Dharma , Fitriyani Novi , Ihyauddin Zulfikar
Published: January 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic is predicted to affect adolescent smoking behaviours. We aim to map profiles of adolescents’ smoking behaviours in a rural district in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic and validate their smoking exposures using cotinine tests. This study applied an online survey followed by cotinine tests for high-school students in Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. The participants were asked to complete the survey and participate in a cotinine test. Univariate and multivariate regressions were performed to seek potential determinants of the smoking status and diagnostic accuracy of the cotinine test. A total of 281 participants completed the survey, with 19.6% (n = 55) and 22.8% (n = 64) being ever-smokers and current smokers. The impacts of the pandemics on their smoking behaviours were found in the urgency and numbers of daily smoked cigarettes. Univariate regression analysis revealed age, gender, learning mode, and whether father/friend smokes correlate with the adolescents’ smoking behaviours. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the odds of planning to stop smoking were 0.01 (95% CI 0.001–0.22, p-value 0.003) for having positive attitudes towards cigarettes compared to none. Of the 65 cotinine tests, 19 tested positive, with the sensitivity and specificity of the cotinine test at 94.7% and 95.6%. The prevalence of adolescent smoking during the COVID-19 pandemic in Gunung Kidul is high, with the impacts of the pandemic on the urgency and number of cigarette smoke. There are opportunities to help them stop smoking by providing reliable quit-tobacco access and advocacy in collaboration with schools, parents, and health providers.
The association between asthma and atrial fibrillation: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nogueira-Garcia Beatriz , Alves Mariana , Pinto Fausto J. , Caldeira Daniel
Published: January 2024

Respiratory disease and atrial fibrillation (AF) frequent coexist, but the risk of AF among asthma patients is less characterized. Growing evidence suggest that AF shares with asthma a systemic inflammation background and asthma treatments, such as beta agonists, have been associated with increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the risk of AF in patients with asthma in observational studies. We search for longitudinal studies reporting AF outcome in asthma and control patients through MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and EMBASE. Pooled estimates of odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were derived by random effects meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test. The risk of bias of individual studies was evaluated using the ROBINS-E tool. The study protocol was registered at PROSPERO: CRD42020215707. Seven cohort/nested case–control studies with 1 405 508 individuals were included. The mean follow-up time was 9 years, ranging from 1 to 15 years. Asthma was associated with a higher risk of AF (OR 1.15. 95% CI 1.01–1.29). High heterogeneity (I2 = 81%) and overall “serious” risk of bias, lead to a very low confidence in in this result. Asthma was associated with an increased risk of AF. However, the high risk of bias and high heterogeneity reduces the robustness of these results, calling for further high-quality data.
Synchronous functional magnetic resonance eye imaging, video ophthalmoscopy, and eye surface imaging reveal the human brain and eye pulsation mechanisms
Authors: Ebrahimi Seyed-Mohsen , Tuunanen Johanna , Saarela Ville , Honkamo Marja , Huotari Niko , Raitamaa Lauri , Korhonen Vesa , Helakari Heta , Järvelä Matti , Kaakinen Mika , Eklund Lauri , Kiviniemi Vesa
Published: January 2024

The eye possesses a paravascular solute transport pathway that is driven by physiological pulsations, resembling the brain glymphatic pathway. We developed synchronous multimodal imaging tools aimed at measuring the driving pulsations of the human eye, using an eye-tracking functional eye camera (FEC) compatible with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for measuring eye surface pulsations. Special optics enabled integration of the FEC with MRI-compatible video ophthalmoscopy (MRcVO) for simultaneous retinal imaging along with functional eye MRI imaging (fMREye) of the BOLD (blood oxygen level dependent) contrast. Upon optimizing the fMREye parameters, we measured the power of the physiological (vasomotor, respiratory, and cardiac) eye and brain pulsations by fast Fourier transform (FFT) power analysis. The human eye pulsated in all three physiological pulse bands, most prominently in the respiratory band. The FFT power means of physiological pulsation for two adjacent slices was significantly higher than in one-slice scans (RESP1 vs. RESP2; df = 5, p = 0.045). FEC and MRcVO confirmed the respiratory pulsations at the eye surface and retina. We conclude that in addition to the known cardiovascular pulsation, the human eye also has respiratory and vasomotor pulsation mechanisms, which are now amenable to study using non-invasive multimodal imaging of eye fluidics.
Genomic landscape of NDM-1 producing multidrug-resistant Providencia stuartii causing burn wound infections in Bangladesh
Authors: Mondol Spencer Mark , Islam Israt , Islam Md. Rafiul , Shakil Shahriar Kabir , Rakhi Nadira Naznin , Mustary Jannatul Ferdous , Amiruzzaman  , Gomes Donald James , Shahjalal Hussain Md. , Rahaman Md. Mizanur
Published: January 2024

The increasing antimicrobial resistance inProvidencia stuartii(P. stuartii) worldwide, particularly concerning for immunocompromised and burn patients, has raised concern in Bangladesh, where the significance of this infectious opportunistic pathogen had been previously overlooked, prompting a need for investigation.The two strains ofP. stuartii(P. stuartiiSHNIBPS63and P. stuartiiSHNIBPS71) isolated from wound swab of two critically injured burn patients were found to be multidrug-resistant andP. stuartiiSHNIBPS63 showed resistance to all the 22 antibiotics tested as well as revealed the co-existence ofblaVEB-6(Class A),blaNDM-1(Class B),blaOXA-10(Class D) beta lactamase genes. Complete resistance to carbapenems through the production of NDM-1, is indicative of an alarming situation as carbapenems are considered to be the last line antibiotic to combat this pathogen. Both isolates displayed strong biofilm-forming abilities and exhibited resistance to copper, zinc, and iron, in addition to carrying multiple genes associated with metal resistance and the formation of biofilms. The study also encompassed a pangenome analysis utilizing a dataset of eighty-six publicly availableP. stuartiigenomes (n = 86), revealing evidence of an open or expanding pangenome forP. stuartii. Also, an extensive genome-wide analysis of all theP. stuartiigenomes revealed a concerning global prevalence of diverse antimicrobial resistance genes, with a particular alarm raised over the abundance of carbapenem resistance geneblaNDM-1. Additionally, this study highlighted the notable genetic diversity withinP. stuartii, significant informations about phylogenomic relationships and ancestry, as well as potential for cross-species transmission, raising important implications for public health and microbial adaptation across different environments.
Identification, characterization and quantification of xanthones from Fridericia formosa leaves extract with antiviral activity
Authors: Vaz Luana Beatriz Araújo , Amparo Tatiane Roquete , Reis Adriana Cotta Cardoso , de Mello Silva Breno , de Brito Magalhães Cíntia Lopes , Kohlhoff Markus , Brandão Geraldo Célio
Published: January 2024

Fridericia formosa (Bureau) L.G. Lohmann (Bignonaceae) is a neotropical liana species found in the Cerrado biome in Brazil. It has been of great interest to the scientific community due to its potential as a source of new antivirals, including xanthones derived from mangiferin. In this context, the present study aimed to characterize and quantify the xanthones present in the ethanol extract of this species using high performance liquid chromatography. Additionally, the antiviral activity against Chikungunya, Zika, and Mayaro viruses was evaluated. The chromatographic analyses partially identified twenty-six xanthones, among which only fourteen had already been described in the literature. The xanthones mangiferin, 2′-O-trans-caffeoylmangiferin, and 2′-O-trans-coumaroylmangiferin, are present in higher quantities in the extract, at concentrations of 9.65%, 10.68%, and 3.41% w/w, respectively. In antiviral assays, the extract inhibited the multiplication cycle only for the Mayaro virus with a CE50 of 36.1 μg/mL. Among the isolated xanthones, 2′-O-trans-coumaroylmangiferin and 2′-O-trans-cinnamoylmangiferin inhibited the viral cytopathic effect with CE50 values of 180.6 and 149.4 μg/mL, respectively. Therefore, the extract from F. formosa leaves, which has a high content of xanthones, has antiviral potential and can be a source of new mangiferin derivatives.
No evidence for competition over floral resources between winter-active parasitoids and pollinators in agroecosystems
Authors: Alford Lucy , Roudine Sacha , Valsami Dimitra , Fontaine-Guenel Tiphanie , Namintraporn Talay , Guedon Anaëlle , Normand Romane , Lagneau Ludovic , Le Lann Cecile , Van Baaren Joan
Published: January 2024

Warming temperate winters are resulting in increased insect winter activity. With modern agroecosystems largely homogenous, characterised by low floral diversity, competitive interactions may arise between flower-visiting species, with potential implications for the ecosystem services they provide (e.g. biological control and pollination). Flower strips may be implemented during winter months to support flower-visiting insects and enhance ecosystem service provision. Employing field trials conducted in Brittany, France between 2019 and 2021 and laboratory cage experiments, the current study examined the impact of winter flower strips on aphid biological control performed by parasitoid wasps and the potential for competitive interactions between winter-active parasitoids and pollinators. Results revealed that parasitism rate was not enhanced by the presence of winter flower strips. This lack of effect was not the consequence of pollinator presence, and the current study found no effect of pollinator abundance on parasitism rate. Flower strips may thus be implemented during winter months to support nectar-feeding insects when floral resources are scarce, with no evidence of exploitative competition between pollinators and parasitoids, nor a detrimental impact on biological control provision.
The non-selective Antarctic filter feeder Salpa thompsoni as a bioindicator of mercury origin
Authors: Wojdasiewicz Adriana , Panasiuk Anna , Bełdowska Magdalena
Published: January 2024

Hg is considered as the most toxic metal in the environment. Sources of Hg in the environment include burning fossil fuels, burning waste, and forest fires. The long residence time of the gaseous form in the atmosphere allows mercury to be transported over long distances. The pelagic tunicate Salpa thompsoni is an important component of the Antarctic environment. Over the past few decades an expansion of this species to the higher latitudes has been noted, mainly due to the ongoing climate change. The study material consisted of samples of S. thompsoni individuals, collected in the waters surrounding Elephant Island (Western Antarctic). Total mercury and five of its fractions were determined. Whole organisms were analyzed as well as internal organs: stomachs, muscle strips, and tunics. Obtained results showed that the highest concentrations of mercury in salps were observed in stomachs. With the Hg fraction results, it can be concluded that the main route of exposure of S. thompsoni to Hg is presumably absorption from the food—filtered organic and non-organic particles. Moreover, the process of transformation of simple soluble forms into organic forms of Hg in stomachs and intestines and its distribution to other tissues was observed.
A multidimensional atlas of human glioblastoma-like organoids reveals highly coordinated molecular networks and effective drugs
Authors: Wang Changwen , Sun Meng , Shao Chunxuan , Schlicker Lisa , Zhuo Yue , Harim Yassin , Peng Tianping , Tian Weili , Stöffler Nadja , Schneider Martin , Helm Dominic , Chu Youjun , Fu Beibei , Jin Xiaoliang , Mallm Jan-Philipp , Mall Moritz , Wu Yonghe , Schulze Almut , Liu Hai-Kun
Published: January 2024

Recent advances in the genomics of glioblastoma (GBM) led to the introduction of molecular neuropathology but failed to translate into treatment improvement. This is largely attributed to the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of GBM, which are considered the major obstacle to GBM therapy. Here, we use advanced human GBM-like organoid (LEGO: Laboratory Engineered Glioblastoma-like Organoid) models and provide an unprecedented comprehensive characterization of LEGO models using single-cell transcriptome, DNA methylome, metabolome, lipidome, proteome, and phospho-proteome analysis. We discovered that genetic heterogeneity dictates functional heterogeneity across molecular layers and demonstrates that NF1 mutation drives mesenchymal signature. Most importantly, we found that glycerol lipid reprogramming is a hallmark of GBM, and several targets and drugs were discovered along this line. We also provide a genotype-based drug reference map using LEGO-based drug screen. This study provides new human GBM models and a research path toward effective GBM therapy.
Single-cell transcriptome analysis of epithelial, immune, and stromal signatures and interactions in human ovarian cancer
Authors: Chai Chaochao , Liang Langchao , Mikkelsen Nanna S. , Wang Wei , Zhao Wandong , Sun Chengcheng , Bak Rasmus O. , Li Hanbo , Lin Lin , Wang Fei , Luo Yonglun
Published: January 2024

A comprehensive investigation of ovarian cancer (OC) progression at the single-cell level is crucial for enhancing our understanding of the disease, as well as for the development of better diagnoses and treatments. Here, over half a million single-cell transcriptome data were collected from 84 OC patients across all clinical stages. Through integrative analysis, we identified heterogeneous epithelial-immune-stromal cellular compartments and their interactions in the OC microenvironment. The epithelial cells displayed clinical subtype features with functional variance. A significant increase in distinct T cell subtypes was identified including Tregs and CD8+ exhausted T cells from stage IC2. Additionally, we discovered antigen-presenting cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), with myofibroblastic CAFs (myCAFs) exhibiting enriched extracellular matrix (ECM) functionality linked to tumor progression at stage IC2. Furthermore, the NECTIN2-TIGIT ligand-receptor pair was identified to mediate T cells communicating with epithelial, fibroblast, endothelial, and other cell types. Knock-out of NECTIN2 using CRISPR/Cas9 inhibited ovarian cancer cell (SKOV3) proliferation, and increased T cell proliferation when co-cultured. These findings shed light on the cellular compartments and functional aspects of OC, providing insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying stage IC2 and potential therapeutic strategies for OC.
TIMEWISE: Temporal Dynamics for Urban Resilience - theoretical insights and empirical reflections from Amsterdam and Mumbai
Authors: Krishnan Supriya , Aydin Nazli Yonca , Comes Tina
Published: January 2024

Increasing frequency of climate-related disruptions requires transformational responses over the lifecycles of interconnected urban systems with short- and long-term change dynamics. However, the aftermath of disruptions is often characterised by short-sighted decision-making, neglecting long-term urban shifts. In this study, we present a first attempt to develop the theoretical foundation for temporal dynamics for increasingly disrupted yet ”connecting and moving” cities that can be used in planning for urban resilience. Using the lens of climate urbanism, we conceptualise the interplay of temporal dynamics to empirically examine how planning practice perceives and addresses temporality in two regions - Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and Mumbai, India. Our findings reinforce that disruptions do not inform long-term planning. Endogenous and exogenous dynamics of change are not viewed together nor used to embed short-term planning goals within long-term resilience visions. To address the lack of systematic planning approaches that can leverage temporal dynamics, we propose two options for temporally flexible urban planning processes.
Weakened APC/C activity at mitotic exit drives cancer vulnerability to KIF18A inhibition
Authors: Gliech Colin R , Yeow Zhong Y , Tapias-Gomez Daniel , Yang Yuchen , Huang Zhaoyu , Tijhuis Andréa E , Spierings Diana CJ , Foijer Floris , Chung Grace , Tamayo Nuria , Bahrami-Nejad Zahra , Collins Patrick , Nguyen Thong T , Plata Stapper Andres , Hughes Paul E , Payton Marc , Holland Andrew J
Published: January 2024

The efficacy of current antimitotic cancer drugs is limited by toxicity in highly proliferative healthy tissues. A cancer-specific dependency on the microtubule motor protein KIF18A therefore makes it an attractive therapeutic target. Not all cancers require KIF18A, however, and the determinants underlying this distinction remain unclear. Here, we show that KIF18A inhibition drives a modest and widespread increase in spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) signaling from kinetochores which can result in lethal mitotic delays. Whether cells arrest in mitosis depends on the robustness of the metaphase-to-anaphase transition, and cells predisposed with weak basal anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) activity and/or persistent SAC signaling through metaphase are uniquely sensitive to KIF18A inhibition. KIF18A-dependent cancer cells exhibit hallmarks of this SAC:APC/C imbalance, including a long metaphase-to-anaphase transition, and slow mitosis overall. Together, our data reveal vulnerabilities in the cell division apparatus of cancer cells that can be exploited for therapeutic benefit.
Loss of Myo19 increases metastasis by enhancing microenvironmental ROS gradient and chemotaxis
Authors: Ren Xiaoyu , Shi Peng , Su Jing , Wei Tonghua , Li Jiayi , Hu Yiping , Wu Congying
Published: January 2024

Tumor metastasis involves cells migrating directionally in response to external chemical signals. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the form of H2O2 has been demonstrated as a chemoattractant for neutrophils but its spatial characteristics in tumor microenvironment and potential role in tumor cell dissemination remain unknown. Here we investigate the spatial ROS distribution in 3D tumor spheroids and identify a ROS concentration gradient in spheroid periphery, which projects into a H2O2 gradient in tumor microenvironment. We further reveal the role of H2O2 gradient to induce chemotaxis of tumor cells by activating Src and subsequently inhibiting RhoA. Finally, we observe that the absence of mitochondria cristae remodeling proteins including the mitochondria-localized actin motor Myosin 19 (Myo19) enhances ROS gradient and promotes tumor dissemination. Myo19 downregulation is seen in many tumors, and Myo19 expression is negatively associated with tumor metastasis in vivo. Together, our study reveals the chemoattractant role of tumor microenvironmental ROS and implies the potential impact of mitochondria cristae disorganization on tumor invasion and metastasis.
Drosophila eIF3f1 mediates host immune defense by targeting dTak1
Authors: Hu Yixuan , Kong Fanrui , Guo Huimin , Hua Yongzhi , Zhu Yangyang , Zhang Chuchu , Qadeer Abdul , Xiao Yihua , Cai Qingshuang , Ji Shanming
Published: January 2024

Eukaryotic translation initiation factors have long been recognized for their critical roles in governing the translation of coding RNAs into peptides/proteins. However, whether they harbor functional activities at the post-translational level remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that eIF3f1 (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit f1), which encodes an archetypal deubiquitinase, is essential for the antimicrobial innate immune defense of Drosophila melanogaster. Our in vitro and in vivo evidence indicate that the immunological function of eIF3f1 is dependent on the N-terminal JAMM (JAB1/MPN/Mov34 metalloenzymes) domain. Mechanistically, eIF3f1 physically associates with dTak1 (Drosophila TGF-beta activating kinase 1), a key regulator of the IMD (immune deficiency) signaling pathway, and mediates the turnover of dTak1 by specifically restricting its K48-linked ubiquitination. Collectively, these results provide compelling insight into a noncanonical molecular function of a translation initiation factor that controls the post-translational modification of a target protein.
Facile synthesis of multi-phase (Si+SiO2)@C anode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Shuai , Cai Zhenfei , Cao Rui , Ma Ziyang , Wu Qinyu , Moin Muhmmad , Ahsan Zishan , Ma Yangzhou , Song Guangsheng , Yang Weidong , Wen Cuie
Published: January 2024

In this study, we developed a cost-effective mechanical ball milling refinement method for Si-based composite anodes in LIBs, demonstrating a capacity retention of 79.5% over 280 cycles and suggesting a significant improvement in electrochemical performance.
Evaluation of environmental performance and selection of the most suitable system for MFCs with different electron acceptors by life cycle assessment and PROMETHEE approach
Authors: Çankaya Simge , Durna Pişkin Elif , Genç Nevim
Published: January 2024

The aim of this study is to evaluate the environmental performance of MFCs with different electron acceptors with life cycle assessment (LCA) and to select the most suitable MFC with the PROMETHEE approach.
Bifidobacterium improves oestrogen-deficiency-induced osteoporosis in mice by modulating intestinal immunity
Authors: Zhang Jincan , Liang Xi , Tian Xiaoying , Zhao Maozhen , Mu Yunjuan , Yi Huaxi , Zhang Zhe , Zhang Lanwei
Published: January 2024

Osteoporosis has become one of the major diseases that threaten the health of middle-aged and elderly people, and with the growth of an ageing population, more and more people are affected by osteoporosis these days.
Antibiotic-loaded gelatin fibers fighting bacteria resistant to antibiotics: a case of spectinomycin-resistant Escherichia coli
Authors: Larue Laura , Michely Laurent , Moreno Xenia , Pires Rémy , Pawlak André , Grande Daniel , Belbekhouche Sabrina
Published: January 2024

We designed gelatin based fibers useable as an antimicrobial material in the prevention and treatment of wound infections, particularly those resistant to antibiotic therapy.
Hierarchical porous dual-mode thermal management fabrics achieved by regulating solar and body radiations
Authors: Lan Chuntao , Meng Jia , Pan Chongxiang , Jia Luyao , Pu Xiong
Published: January 2024

A PTM fabric with cooling and heating abilities is achieved by simultaneously regulating solar and body radiations. The hierarchical porous fabric is suitable for various scenarios (e.g., indoors/outdoors, summer/winter, low/high latitude areas).
Beam-profile compensation for quantum yield characterisation of Yb–Tm codoped upconverting nanoparticles emitting at 474 nm, 650 nm and 804 nm
Authors: Matias J. S. , Komolibus K. , Kiang W. K. , Konugolu-Venkata-Sekar S. , Andersson-Engels S.
Published: January 2024

A novel method for accurately characterising the power density-dependent quantum yield of UCNPs. The method accounts for the beam profile distortions, which is important for application of UCNPs in various fields, especially for biophotonics.
Molecular dynamics simulations of liquid gallium alloy Ga–X (X = Pt, Pd, Rh) via machine learning potentials
Authors: Fang Fang , Lin Jie , Li Jiajia , Zhang Yu , Fu Qiuyi , Zhou Quanquan , Li Wei , Zhou Guobing , Yang Zhen
Published: January 2024

Machine learning-based moment tensor potential (MTP) was developed to simulate the coordination and diffusion properties of transition metal atoms in liquid gallium.
Simple potentiometry and cyclic voltammetry techniques for sensing Hg2+ ions in water using a promising flower-shaped WS2-WO3/poly-2-aminobenzene-1-thiol nanocomposite thin film electrode
Authors: Alnuwaiser Maha Abdallah , Rabia Mohamed
Published: January 2024

The WS2-WO3/P2ABT nanocomposite sensor for Hg2+ ions uses both the cyclic voltammetry (three-electrode cell) and the simple potentiometric (two-electrode cell) techniques. The calibration curve yields a Nernstian slope of 33.0 mV decade−1 with a sensitivity of 2.4 μA M−1.
Construction of Z-scheme AgCl/BiOCl heterojunction with oxygen vacancies for improved pollutant degradation and bacterial inactivation
Authors: Fu Shuai , Chu Zhiliang , Huang Zhiquan , Dong Xiaomei , Bie Junhong , Yang Zhe , Zhu Huijie , Pu Wanyu , Wu Wanzhe , Liu Bo
Published: January 2024

A facile Z-scheme AgCl/BiOCl heterojunction photocatalyst with oxygen vacancies was fabricated by a water-bath method.
Interpretable machine learning-assisted screening of perovskite oxides
Authors: Zhao Jie , Wang Xiaoyan , Li Haobo , Xu Xiaoyong
Published: January 2024

Interpretable machine learning is applied to screen potential perovskite oxides from virtual perovskite-type combinations generated by a constraint satisfaction problem technique.
How to actively learn chemical reaction yields in real-time using stopping criteria
Authors: Delmas Vincent , Jacquemin Denis , Blondel Aymeric , Vacher Morgane , Laurent Adèle D.
Published: January 2024

Chemical reactions are central for the creation of new materials, drug design and many more fields.
Tumor targeted alpha particle therapy with an actinium-225 labelled antibody for carbonic anhydrase IX
Authors: Morgan Katherine A. , Wichmann Christian W. , Osellame Laura D. , Cao Zhipeng , Guo Nancy , Scott Andrew M. , Donnelly Paul S.
Published: January 2024

Alpha particle therapy with an actinium-225 labelled antibody for carbonic anhydrase IX leads to a highly significant therapeutic response in a mouse xenograft model.
Chemical sintering by chlorinated carbon compounds for flexible photoanodes of dye-sensitized photovoltaic cells
Authors: Kang Hyeong Cheol , Yoo Kicheon , Rahman Md. Mahbubur , Muthu Senthilkumar , Jang Jun Hwan , Kaliamurthy Ashok Kumar , Lee Jae-Joon
Published: January 2024

Novel binary solvent mixtures of chlorinated carbon compounds (CCs = CCl4, CHCl3, and C2Cl4) and 1-octanol are used to prepare pastes of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs), facilitating the formation of TiO2 mesoporous films for flexible photoanodes.
Synthesis of benzothiazoles using an iron-anchored polysulfonamide modified layered double oxide/sodium alginate nanocomposite
Authors: Ghiai Ramin , Alavinia Sedigheh , Ghorbani-Vaghei Ramin , Khazaei Ardeshir , Karimi-Nami Rahman , Karakaya Idris
Published: January 2024

The central aim of this investigation was to innovate a novel nanocatalyst for the eco-friendly synthesis of benzothiazoles through an acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling of 2-aminothiophenol and benzyl alcohol, mitigating environmental impact.
Solvation configuration and interfacial chemistry regulation via a bio-based Cyrene additive for highly reversible zinc anodes
Authors: Li Chang , Song Yang , Gao Ning , Ye Can , Xu Xuebing , Yang Weisheng , Hu Chaoquan
Published: January 2024

A bio-based Cyrene solvent is used as a dual-functional electrolyte additive to synergistically modulate the solvation configuration of Zn2+ and the interfacial microenvironment.
Path tracking control of automated vehicles based on adaptive MPC in variable scenarios
Authors: Liu Xinyong , Ou Jian , Yan Dehai , Zhang Yong , Deng Guohong
Published: January 2024

For complex and dynamic high‐speed driving scenarios, an adaptive model predictive control (MPC) controller is designed to ensure effective path tracking for automated vehicles. Firstly, in order to prevent model mismatch in the MPC controller, a tire cornering stiffness estimation algorithm is designed and a soft constraint on slip angle is added to further enhance the controller's precision in tracking trajectories and the vehicle's driving stability. Secondly, the improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) method with dynamic weights and penalty functions is suggested to address the issue of insufficient accuracy in solving quadratic programming. Additionally, the standard particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to seek the most suitable time horizon parameters offline to obtain the best time horizon data set under different vehicle speeds and adhesion coefficients, and then it is optimized online by an adaptive network‐based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to enhance the model predictive controller's adaptability in different operating conditions. Finally, simulation experiments are conducted under three different operating conditions: docked roads, split roads, and variable vehicle speeds. The results indicate that the designed adaptive MPC controller can accurately and stably track the reference trajectory in various scenarios.
Design considerations of series type hybrid circuit breaker (S‐HCB)
Authors: Alashi Mahmoud , Cooper Triston , Zhou Yuanfeng , Shen Z. John , Brown Ian , Wong Thomas
Published: January 2024

The series‐type direct current (DC) hybrid circuit breaker (S‐HCB) concept was previously reported to offer better performance than solid‐state circuit breakers (SSCB) and hybrid circuit breakers (HCB). S‐HCB offers low conduction power loss like an HCB and ‐scale interruption time, which is even faster than an SSCB. It uses a pulse transformer to isolate the lower‐voltage high‐inductance power electronic circuit from the high‐voltage, low‐inductance main power loop. This paper provides analysis of the impact of the S‐HCB circuit components on the overall system performance and a scalable S‐HCB design guide for different DC system voltage and current ratings. In addition, system energy flow analysis is performed in the time domain to provide an understanding of how energy is delivered, dissipated, and released throughout the entire fault interruption process. The S‐HCB prototype was experimentally tested at 3 kV/30 A and 6 kV/150A with the results showing the interruption of the low fault current of 30 A and the high fault current of 150 A within 8  and maintaining the fault current at a near zero value for 300 to enable an arcless opening of a series mechanical switch. The key design challenges of S‐HCB at high voltage and high current ratings were discussed and possible solutions to mitigate those challenges were introduced.
Identifying footpoints of pre-eruptive and coronal mass ejection flux ropes with sunspot scars
Authors: Xing Chen , Aulanier Guillaume , Schmieder Brigitte , Cheng Xin , Ding Mingde
Published: January 2024

Context. The properties of pre-eruptive structures and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are characterized by those of their footpoints, the latter of which attract a great deal of interest. However, the matter of how to identify the footpoints of pre-eruptive structures and how to do so with the use of ground-based instruments still remains elusive.

Aims. In this work, we study an arc-shaped structure intruding in the sunspot umbra. It is located close to the (pre-)eruptive flux rope footpoint and it is expected to help identify the footpoint.

Methods. We analyzed this arc-shaped structure, which we call a “sunspot scar”, in a CME event on July 12, 2012, and in two CME events from observationally inspired magnetohydrodynamic simulations performed by OHM and MPI-AMRVAC.

Results. The sunspot scar displays a more inclined magnetic field with a weaker vertical component and a stronger horizontal component relative to that in the surrounding umbra and is manifested as a light bridge in the white light passband. The hot field lines anchored in the sunspot scar are spatially at the transition between the flux rope and the background coronal loops and temporally in the process of the slipping reconnection which builds up the flux rope.

Conclusions. The sunspot scar and its related light bridge mark the edge of the CME flux rope footpoint and particularly indicate the edge of the pre-eruptive flux rope footpoint in the framework of “pre-eruptive structures being flux ropes”. Therefore, they provide a new perspective for the identification of pre-eruptive and CME flux rope footpoints, as well as new methods for studying the properties and evolution of pre-eruptive structures and CMEs with photospheric observations only.
Stellar population astrophysics with the TNG
Authors: Vernekar Nagaraj , Lucatello Sara , Bragaglia Angela , Miglio Andrea , Sanna Nicoletta , Andreuzzi Gloria , Frasca Antonio
Published: January 2024

Context.Asteroseismology, a powerful approach for obtaining internal structure and stellar properties, requires surface temperature and chemical composition information to determine mass and age. High-resolution spectroscopy is a valuable technique for precise stellar parameters (including surface temperature) and for an analysis of the chemical composition.

Aims.We combine spectroscopic parameters with asteroseismology to test stellar models.

Methods.Using high-resolution optical and near-IR spectra from GIARPS at the Telescopio NazionaleGalileo, we conducted a detailed spectroscopic analysis of 16 stars that were photometrically selected to be on the red giant and red clump branch. Stellar parameters and chemical abundances for light elements (Li, C, N, and F), Fe peak,αand n-capture elements were derived using a combination of equivalent widths and spectral synthesis techniques based on atomic and molecular features. Ages were determined through asteroseismic scaling relations and were compared with ages based on chemical clocks, [Y/Mg] and [C/N].

Results.The spectroscopic parameters confirmed that the stars are part of the red giant branch and red clump. Two objects, HD 22045 and HD 24680, exhibit relatively high Li abundances, and HD 24680 might be a Li-rich giant resulting from mass transfer with an intermediate-mass companion that already underwent its asymptotic giant branch phase. The stellar parameters derived from scaling different sets of relations were consistent with each other. The values based on asteroseismology for the ages agree excellently with those derived from theoretical evolutionary tracks, but they disagree with ages derived from the chemical clocks [Y/Mg] and [C/N].
Synthesis Bio-gasoline from Crude Palm Oil Offgrade via Catalytic Cracking Using CaO/α-Fe2O3 Heterogeneous Catalyst
Authors: Wahyuning Nur A’issyah Evilia , Santoso Aman , Aliyatulmuna Adillah
Published: January 2024

The continuous use of fuel reduces oil reserves which causes the availability of petroleum in Indonesia tend to decrease. To overcome the problem of oil supplies, renewable energy is needed as an alternative fuel, one of which is bio-gasoline as a substitute for gasoline. Bio-gasoline can be made from Crude Palm Oil offgrade via catalytic cracking that has the advantage of simple tools and shorter processes cracking. Heterogeneous catalyst CaO/α-Fe2O3 made of alkaline calcium oxide which can reduce the acidity of biogasoline and α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles acidic which can trigger the breakdown of the hydrocarbon chain. This study aims to synthesize bio-gasoline from CPO offgrade through catalytic cracking reactions using CaO/α-Fe2O3 heterogeneous catalyst. The results showed that bio-gasoline has been successfully produced by the cracking method with a yield of 46.18%. Based on GC-MS analysis of the product it is suspected to contain mixed compounds from the biogasoline such as heptane, octane, decane, nonane, and undecane. Physico-chemical characteristics of the biogasoline product for fraction III (F3) include density, viscosity, acid number, iodine number, and refractive index respectively of 0.73 g/mL; 2.76 cSt; 15.639 mg KOH/g sample; 2.29 g Iod/100g sample; and 1.465. The Biogasoline characterization is close to the Gasoline quality standard No. 0177.K/10/DJM.T/2018.
The Comparison of Lithium Carbonate Recovered from Single Type and Unknown Mixed Type of Lithium-Ion Batteries through a Simple Way Carbonated Water Leaching
Authors: Jumari Arif , Suci Puspitasari Karunia , Fajaritania Mulya Wulandari Nissaya , Wahyu Putri Andarini Filzah , Norman Edwin Daniel , Retno Dyartanti Endah
Published: January 2024

Lithium is a rare earth element, but it is important in LIB manufacturing. Spent LIBs is a potential source of lithium. The research aim was to recover lithium from spent LiNCA and mixed LIBthrough selective leaching using carbonated water. The spent cathode and anode were separated by dismantling and dissolving using NaOH and hot water. The spent cathode was reduced by mixing with 20% spent anode and heating at temperature of 650 oC for 6 hours. The reduced cathodes of 25 g were mixed with 250 ml of water and flowed by 2 L/minute of CO2 gas for 150 minutes at ambient temperature. The residue was separated from filtrate. The reduced cathode and residue were examined by XRD and FTIR, while filtrate was heated for evaporating solvent to obtain precipitated Li2CO3. Theprecipitated Li2CO3 was 0,151 g/g of LiNCA and 0,034 g/g of mixed spent cathode. The characteristicsof Li2CO3 recovered from spent LiNCA closed to pure Li2CO3 even above the commercial Li2CO3 and met the requirements as an active precursor material for manufacturing LIB cathodes. Meanwhile Li2CO3 recovered from spent mixed cathode had some impurities and was needed further purification process.
Analysis of Palm Oil Mill Effluent Quality
Authors: Putra Surya Eka , Dewata Indang , Barlian Eri , Syah Nurhasan , Iswandi U. , Gusman Mulya , Amran Ali , Fariani Alya
Published: January 2024

Palm oil plantations are currently growing rapidly in Indonesia. The area of palm oil plantations continues to increase from year to year. The total area of palm oil in 2022 will reach 14.99 million hectares, both privately owned plantations and PT. Pola Kahuripan Inti Sawit. To manage the yield of palm oil, assistance from the palm oil plantation industry is needed. However, the palm oil industry also produces wastewater. Therefore, researchers conducted an analysis of the quality of palm oil mill effluent. The method used in this research is exploratory method and data collection and testing is done by grab sampling. The results of the analysis contained in this palm oil mill effluent, namely the TSS content ranges from 30-40 mg/L, the pH content ranges from 7.5-8.9, BOD levels ranged from 20-300 mg/L, COD levels ranged from 30-200 mg/L, Oil and Fat levels ranged from -0.5 mg/L - 5.5 mg/L, Nitrogen (N) levels ranged from 1 mg/L - 18 mg/L. Based on AMDAL and the standard provisions of the Republic of Indonesia Minister of Environment Regulation Number 5 of 2014, all parameters tested as a whole have met national quality standards.
Ultra-Low Pressure Filtration Performance in Campus Domestic Waste
Authors: Khery Yusran , Cordella Rhamdhani Devinna , Roil Bilad Muhamad , Asma Nufida Baiq , Ahzan Sukainil
Published: January 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of ultra-low pressure filtration performance on the permeability of clean water and campus domestic waste. Waste treatment can be carried out by applying an ultra-low pressure membrane filtration process with a Gravity Driven Membrane (GDM) system. Ultra-low pressure membrane filtration has less impact on the environment, low energy use, easy operation, high efficiency in removing pathogens, organic matter and turbidity. The filtration was tested using clean water and campus domestic waste as bait with a duration of 30 minutes each for each pressure, starting from a pressure of 1 kPa-10 kPa with a total time of 780 minutes for one sample. At each pressure, a relaxation time will be given for 10 minutes, this is done to maintain membrane permeability. Long-term filtration was carried out for 35 days and every 7 days the domestic waste was replaced without backwashing the membrane. The results of this study indicate that the permeability of clean water decreases due to compaction that occurs along with increasing pressure. Meanwhile, the permeability of campus domestic waste has decreased due to compaction accompanied by pore blockage in the membrane (fouling).
The Catalytic Activity Of Manganosite MnO/Activated Carbon For Photo-Degradation Of Synthetic Dye
Authors: Awaluddin Amir , Amiruddin Erwin , Siregar Siti Saidah , Anggraini Riska
Published: January 2024

Photocatalytic degradation of organic dye such as methylene blue (MB) has been on focused various research interest due to environmental impact. In this study, the composite manganosite MnO/activated carbon was synthesized by a facile one-pot of solgel method through the reaction between potassium permanganate, glucose and commercial activated carbon. The XRD result revealed the presence of rock-salt manganosite MnO in the composite. The catalytic studies were performed under different solution pH, different catalyst concentration and various initial MB concentrations. The result indicated that the catalyst is very effective for the degradation of MB at the basic condition (pH 9 and p11). The degradation of MB in an acidic environment, however, is much less than that of basic condition. In addition, an increase in initial MB concentration caused a decrease in MB degradation due to the saturation of the active sites of the catalyst. The maximum degradation of MB was 98.86 % achieved at pH 11, the initial MB concentration of 50 ppm, and the catalyst concentration of 35 mg.
Application of Calcium Alginate Products for Seawater Desalination Process
Authors: Fuadi Sujoko Putra Helwani , Alfarisyi Syah Alif , Ricky Wijaya Anugrah
Published: January 2024

Clean water availability remains a persistent challenge for coastal communities to treat seawater. Despite abundant seawater, it should be treated to remove salt contents for daily needs. An effective method for reducing seawater’s salt content involves absorption, utilizing a substance calcium alginate. We treated calcium from natural waste coral skeletons. The coral skeletons were collected from Prigi Bay, Trenggalek. The coral sample was analyzed for the Ca content of 90.8 and 93.41% prior and after calcination by XRF analysis for calcium alginate production. The determination of the optimal time required for calcium alginate to absorb NaCl efficiently. Synthesis of calcium alginate was achieved using the drop-wise method and characterized through FTIR and SEM instruments. NaCl absorption occurs within a 1 to 10-minute span to pinpoint the prime duration for calcium alginate to reduce NaCl levels. AAS instruments and argentometric titration were employed for Na+ and Cl- ions analysis. Under optimized salt absorption conditions, calcium alginate reflected an ideal 8-minutes contact time, releasing in 88.17% and 50% for Na+ and Cl- absorptions, respectively.
Preliminary Study of Chemical Bonding Learning Media Based on Podcast as Digital Entertainment Era 5.0
Authors: Widarti Hayuni Retno , Wiyarsi Antuni , Yamtinah Sri , Shidiq Ari Syahidul , Sari Meyga Evi Ferama , Nuriyanti Dian , Wijaya Ginesia Dudin , Rokhim Deni Ainur
Published: January 2024

In the ever-evolving digital era, technology has changed the way we access information. Era 5.0, has a technological concept where data and information is collected by the Internet of things (IoT) which is transformed by Artificial Intelligence (AI) into something that can help people live a better life. In the context of chemistry learning, one of the approaches that can be developed is digital entertainment-based learning media. This preliminary study aims to dig deeper into the potential and benefits of digital entertainment chemistry-based learning media in the context of Era 5.0. The method used was a survey involving 177 high school students by providing 30 open and closed question items via Google Forms online. Based on the survey results, it is known that the use of podcasts as digital entertainment-based learning media is considered suitable and has many positive impacts, as long as it is properly implemented and receives adequate support from the school and the government.
Motivation, Laboratory Activities, and Self Regulated Learning: How Are They Related
Authors: Abhi Purwoko Agus , Arian Sani Anwar Yunita , Hadisaputra Saprizal , Burhanuddin Burhanuddin
Published: January 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) and motivation on laboratory activities of Chemistry Education students. Three theoretical hypotheses are proposed, namely (1) SRL has a direct effect on laboratory activities of Chemistry Education students; (2) SRL has a direct effect on the motivation of chemistry education students; and (3) SRL has an indirect effect on laboratory activities through motivation as a mediator. The instrument was a questionnaire distributed to respondents totaling 268 chemistry education students. Filling out the questionnaire is carried out after students have carried out practicum for one semester. The research results show that SRL has a significant effect on laboratory activities and motivation. The influence of motivation as an intervening SRL was found to be insignificant on laboratory activities.