bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk assessment study of fire following earthquake: a case study of petrochemical enterprises in China
Authors: Li J. , Wang Y. , Chen H. , Lin L.
Published: April 2013

Abstract. After an earthquake, the fire risk of petrochemistry enterprises is higher than that of other enterprises as it involves production processes with inflammable and explosive characteristics. Using Chinese petrochemical enterprises as the research object, this paper uses a literature review and case summaries to study, amongst others, the classification of petrochemical enterprises, the proportion of daily fires, and fire loss ratio. This paper builds a fire following earthquake risk assessment model of petrochemical enterprises based on a previous earthquake fire hazard model, and the earthquake loss prediction assessment method, calculates the expected loss of the fire following earthquake in various counties and draws a risk map. Moreover, this research identifies high-risk areas, concentrating on the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan region, and Shandong, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang provinces. Differences in enterprise type produce different levels and distribution of petrochemical enterprises earthquake fire risk. Furthermore, areas at high risk of post-earthquake fires and with low levels of seismic fortification require extra attention to ensure appropriate mechanisms are in place.
Intercomparison of retrieval algorithms for the specific surface area of snow from near-infrared satellite data in mountainous terrain, and comparison with the output of a semi-distributed snowpack model
Authors: Mary A. , Dumont M. , Dedieu J.-P. , Durand Y. , Sirguey P. , Milhem H. , Mestre O. , Negi H. S. , Kokhanovsky A. A. , Lafaysse M. , Morin S.
Published: April 2013

Abstract. This study compares different methods to retrieve the specific surface area (SSA) of snow from satellite radiance measurements in mountainous terrain. It aims at addressing the effect on the retrieval of topographic corrections of reflectance, namely slope and aspect of terrain, multiple reflections on neighbouring slopes and accounting (or not) for the anisotropy of snow reflectance. Using MODerate resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) data for six different clear sky scenes spanning a wide range of snow conditions during the winter season 2008–2009 over a domain of 46 × 50 km in the French Alps, we compared SSA retrievals with and without topographic correction, with a spherical or non-spherical snow reflectance model and, in spherical case, with or without anisotropy corrections. The retrieved SSA values were compared to field measurements and to the results of the detailed snowpack model Crocus, fed by driving data from the SAFRAN meteorological analysis. It was found that the difference in terms of surface SSA between retrieved values and SAFRAN-Crocus output was minimal when the topographic correction was taken into account, when using a retrieval method assuming disconnected spherical snow grains. In this case, the root mean square deviation was 9.4 m2 kg−1 and the mean difference was 0.1 m2 kg−1, based on 3170 pairs of observation and simulated values. The added-value of the anisotropy correction was not significant in our case, which may be explained by the presence of mixed pixels and surface roughness. MODIS retrieved data show SSA variations with elevation and aspect which are physically consistent and in good agreement with SAFRAN-Crocus outputs. The variability of the MODIS retrieved SSA within the topographic classes of the model was found to be relatively small (3.9 m2 kg−1). This indicates that semi-distributed snowpack simulations in mountainous terrain with a sufficiently large number of classes provides a representation of the snowpack variability consistent with the scale of MODIS 500 m pixels.
LiDAR snow cover studies on glacier surface: significance of snow- and ice dynamical processes
Authors: Helfricht K. , Kuhn M. , Keuschnig M. , Heilig A.
Published: April 2013

Abstract. The storage of water within the seasonal snow cover is a substantial source for runoff in high mountain catchments. Information about the spatial distribution of snow accumulation is necessary for calibration and validation of hydro-meteorological models. Generally only a small number of precipitation measurements deliver precipitation input for modeling in remote mountain areas. The spatial interpolation and extrapolation of measurements of precipitation is still difficult. Multi-temporal application of Light Detecting And Ranging (LiDAR) techniques from aircraft, so-called airborne laser scanning (ALS), enables to derive surface elevations changes even in inaccessible terrain. Within one snow accumulation season these surface elevation changes can be interpreted as snow depths as a first assumption for snow hydrological studies. However, dynamical processes in snow, firn and ice are contributing to surface elevation changes on glaciers. To evaluate the magnitude and significance of these processes on alpine glaciers in the present state, ALS derived surface elevation changes were compared to converted snow depths from 35.4 km of ground penetrating radar (GPR) profiles on four glaciers in the high alpine region of Ötztal Alps. LANDSAT data were used to distinguish between firn and ice areas of the glaciers. In firn areas submerging ice flow and densification of firn and snow are contributing to a mean relative deviation of ALS surface elevation changes from actually observed snow depths of −20.0% with a mean standard deviation of 17.1%. Deviations between ALS surface elevation changes and GPR snow depth are small along the profiles on the glacier tongues. At these areas mean absolute deviation of ALS surface elevation changes and GPR snow depth is 0.004 m with a mean standard deviation of 0.27 m. Emergence flow leads to distinct positive deviations only at the very front of the glacier tongues. Snow depths derived from ALS deviate less from actually measured snow depths than expected errors of in-situ measurements of solid precipitation. Hence, ALS derived snow depths are an important data source for both, spatial distribution and total sum of the snow cover volume stored on the investigated glaciers and in the corresponding high mountain catchments at the end of an accumulation season.
Meteorological drivers of ablation processes on a cold glacier in the semiarid Andes of Chile
Authors: MacDonell S. , Kinnard C. , Mölg T. , Nicholson L. , Abermann J.
Published: April 2013

Abstract. Meteorological and surface change measurements collected during a 2.5 yr period are used to calculate surface mass and energy balances at 5324 m a.s.l. on Guanaco Glacier, a cold-based glacier in the semi-arid Andes of Chile. Meteorological conditions are marked by extremely low vapour pressures (annual mean of 1.1 hPa), strong winds (annual mean of 10 m s−1), high shortwave radiation receipt (mean annual 295 W m−2) and low precipitation rates (mean annual 45 mm w.e.). Net shortwave radiation provides the greatest source of energy to the glacier surface, and net longwave radiation dominates energy losses. The turbulent latent heat flux is always negative, which means that the surface is always losing mass via sublimation, which is the main form of ablation at the site. Sublimation rates are most strongly correlated with net shortwave radiation, incoming shortwave radiation, albedo and vapour pressure. Low glacier surface temperatures restrict melting for much of the period, however episodic melting occurs during the austral summer, when warm, humid, calm and high pressure conditions restrict sublimation and make more energy available for melting. Low accumulation (131 mm w.e. over the period) and relatively high ablation (1435 mm w.e.) means that mass change over the period was negative (−1304 mm w.e.), which continued the negative trend recorded in the region over the last few decades.
What Zora Knew: A Crossroads, a Bargain with the Devil, and a Late Witness
Authors: Lawless Elaine J.
Published: April 2013

This tribute to Zora Neale Hurston is meant to re-introduce Hurston’s work to folklorists and Hurston enthusiasts who already know her and some of her work, yet who may not have thought much about her more recently. I have gained new regard, respect, and passion for what Hurston brought to ethnographic research, to the art of writing about folklore and Southern black life. She modeled the creative impulse in many different and overlapping genres, while always serving as a model for staying true to one’s own personal politics in the midst of tremendous racism, sexism, classism, and academic elitism and disciplinary conservatism. Our appreciation for Hurston keeps her alive in our imaginations, and the folklore we share about her and her life is a testament to our continued interest in both her personal and professional life.
The Qumran Scrolls of the Book of Judges: Literary Formation, Textual Criticism, and Historical Linguistics
Authors: Rezetko Robert
Published: April 2013

This is a pilot attempt to combine literary-critical, text-critical, and historical linguistic approaches in an analysis of selected linguistic variants between the MT and DSS with an application to the book of Judges. The result of this interdisciplinary exercise is that future research on the history of BH will have to contend more earnestly with the “fluidity” (or “changeability”) of language and the “non-directionality” (or “patternlessness”) of linguistic variants in biblical texts.
Development of an Encapsulation System for the Protection and Controlled Release of Antimicrobial Nisin at Meat Cooking Temperature
Authors: Boualem Khadidja , Subirade Muriel , Desjardins Yves , Saucier Linda
Published: April 2013

Nisin is an antimicrobial peptide produced by Lactococcus lactis spp. lactis widely investigated for use in foods as a natural antimicrobial. However, its effective use in meat products is restricted notably by its reaction with meat constituents (including glutathione) in raw meat. The purpose of this study was to develop an encapsulation system that would optimize nisin activity when used in meat. To achieve this goal, an encapsulation in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) liposomes was developed. DPPC liposomes were formed in phosphate buffer with or without nisin. The encapsulation efficiency of nisin in liposomes was greater than 46 ± 2%. The median size of nisin-loaded liposomes was 495 nm, compared to 170 nm for empty liposomes. The liposomes containing nisin were stable for up to 7 days at 4°C but a zone of inhibition was observed afterwards. Stability of the liposome to heat was also tested and demonstrated that above 37°C nisin was released from the melted liposomes to form zones of inhibition. Activity of free and encapsulated nisin was tested in raw and cooked ground beef (71°C). Free nisin lost its activity in raw beef but DPPC-encapsulated nisin remained active and was released upon melting of the liposome during heat treatment.
 
Design Approach of Biologically-Inspired Musculoskeletal Humanoids
Authors: Nakanishi Yuto , Ohta Shigeki , Shirai Takuma , Asano Yuki , Kozuki Toyotaka , Kakehashi Yuriko , Mizoguchi Hironori , Kurotobi Tomoko , Motegi Yotaro , Sasabuchi Kazuhiro , Urata Junichi , Okada Kei , Mizuuchi Ikuo , Inaba Masayuki
Published: April 2013

In order to realize more natural and various motions like humans, humanlike musculoskeletal tendon-driven humanoids have been studied. Especially, it is very challenging to design musculoskeletal body structure which consists of complicated bones, redundant powerful and flexible muscles, and large number of distributed sensors. In addition, it is very challenging to reveal humanlike intelligence to manage these complicated musculoskeletal body structure. This paper sums up life-sized musculoskeletal humanoids Kenta, Kotaro, Kenzoh and Kenshiro which we have developed so far, and describes key technologies to develop and control these robots.
Autonomous Navigation and Obstacle Avoidance of a Micro-Bus
Authors: Fernández Carlos , Domínguez Raúl , Fernández-Llorca David , Alonso Javier , Sotelo Miguel A.
Published: April 2013

At present, the topic of automated vehicles is one of the most promising research areas in the field of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). The use of automated vehicles for public transportation also contributes to reductions in congestion levels and to improvements in traffic flow. Moreover, electrical public autonomous vehicles are environmentally friendly, provide better air quality and contribute to energy conservation. The driverless public transportation systems, which are at present operating in some airports and train stations, are restricted to dedicated roads and exhibit serious trouble dynamically avoiding obstacles in the trajectory. In this paper, an electric autonomous mini-bus is presented. All datasets used in this article were collected during the experiments carried out in the demonstration event of the 2012 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium that took place in Alcalá de Henares (Spain). The demonstration consisted of a route 725 metres long containing a list of latitude-longitude points (waypoints). The mini-bus was capable of driving autonomously from one waypoint to another using a GPS sensor. Furthermore, the vehicle is provided with a multi-beam Laser Imaging Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) sensor for surrounding reconstruction and obstacle detection. When an obstacle is detected in the planned path, the planned route is modified in order to avoid the obstacle and continue its way to the end of the mission. On the demonstration day, a total of 196 attendees had the opportunity to get a ride on the vehicles. A total of 28 laps were successfully completed in full autonomous mode in a private circuit located in the National Institute for Aerospace Research (INTA), Spain. In other words, the system completed 20.3 km of driverless navigation and obstacle avoidance.
An Empirical Approach to Model Formulation for System Support Engineering
Authors: AlSaidi Mohammed Saif , Mo John P.T.
Published: April 2013

Organizations today face intense competitive pressure to maximize their performance over time as customer expectations increase. The literature suggests that there is a need to develop a tool or techniques that practitioners in the industry can apply to help in support system design for operating assets as a long-term service solution in order to maintain optimized performance and obtain the best return on investments. This technique should integrate the industry domain knowledge to create and deliver support solutions for in service assets. There is no generic architecture for system support engineering available for practitioners to use. This will lead to the following question “Can industrial practitioners have a generic architecture to simplify the development of such a system”? If the answer is yes; then how possible is it? Therefore, this paper will present an empirical approach to model the formulation for a system support engineering (SSE) generic framework. The development of the SSE Framework combines both literature analysis and empirical work. Also, it will provide a possible answer to the research question and suggest further recommendations and opportunities for future research.
Learning Representative Features for Robot Topological Localization
Authors: Zhao Zeng-Shun , Feng Xiang , Wei Fang , Lin Yan-Yan , Li Yi-Bin , Hou Zeng-Guang , Tan Min
Published: April 2013

This paper proposes a new method for mobile robots to recognize places with the use of a single camera and natural landmarks. In the learning stage, the robot is manually guided along a path. Video sequences are captured with a front-facing camera. To reduce the perceptual alias of visual features, which are easily confused, we propose a modified visual feature descriptor which combines the dominant hue colour information with the local texture. A Location Features Vocabulary Model (LVFM) is established for each individual location using an unsupervised learning algorithm. During the course of travelling, the robot employs each detected interest point to vote for the most likely place. The spatial relationships between the locations, modelled by the Hidden Markov Model (HMM), are exploited to increase the robustness of location recognition in cases of dynamic change or visual similarity. The proposed descriptors are compared with several state-of-the-art descriptors including SIFT, colour SIFT, GLOH and SURF. Experiments show that both the LVFM based on the dominant Hue-SIFT feature and the spatial relationships between the locations contribute considerably to the high recognition rate.
“Pro-life” in the Czech Republic – What Kind of Europeanization Is Present?
Authors: Rees Matthew C.
Published: April 2013

This paper attempts to show what effects Europeanization has had on the pro-life movement in the Czech Republic. The first section of the text outlines a multifaceted concept of institutional theory based on historical institutionalist ideas. Next, it looks at one specific institutional process, Europeanization, informed by the work of Radaelli as well as della Porta’s and Caiani’s work on mobilization in the European Union. The following section defines the relevant actors in the Czech pro-life movement. Finally, the paper applies this concept of Europeanization of social movements to the Czech pro-life case. The paper concludes with observations that Europeanization of the Czech pro-life movement is uneven, manifesting itself among some actors, though not all, and in some areas of Europeanization. Charitable organizations as well as one highly visible activist group are highly associated with processes of Europeanization; on the other hand, in most cases, other activist groups in the pro-life movement in the Czech Republic are more highly influenced by more general trends in interest-group internationalization. These insights may pave the way for additional research on trends both of the European pro-life movement as a whole, as well as serving as a touchstone for improving such theoretical concepts as “Europeanization” vis-à-vis “globalization” or “European integration”.
Mobilizace proti levici? Stranické konsekvence volební účasti v kontextu postkomunismu
Authors: Nový Michal
Published: April 2013

Does higher turnout support left-wing parties, as many previous studies assume? And does communist legacy somehow project on the mentioned relationship? The theoretical discussion is still relatively unclear. This study proposes three different explanatory mechanisms of examining aggregate-level relationship between turnout and electoral support for political parties in the post-communist milieu. The mainstream hypothesis, based on the assumptions of a successful re-stratification of the society and the relevance of class voting, states that higher turnout beneﬁts the left. The second option is derived from the Michigan model of party identification. In this case, political parties with less loyal electorate should profit from higher rates of electoral participation. However, this article makes a case for a third possible explanation, which turns the conventional hypothesis upside down and can be termed simply as „mobilization against the left“. The idea is that the more people come to the polls, the stronger the post-communist right wing parties will be. Moreover, I include in my analysis only two electoral districts (regions) that can be said to be the farthest away from each other in their socioeconomic and political characteristics. Such an approach makes it possible to answer the question whether the expected effect is uniform or unequal across electoral districts in one country. Based on the analysis of election results in 1444 constituencies of two electoral districts in the Central Bohemian and Moravian-Silesian regions in the 2010 Parliamentary elections, I conclude that the proposed approach to the issue of party support and voter turnout has strong empirical support.
Komparácia politík voči národnostným menšinám vlád Roberta Fica a Vladimíra Mečiara na Slovensku v rokoch 1994 až 1998 a 2006 až 2010
Authors: Smetanková Daša
Published: April 2013

The paper deals with minority policy in Slovakia during two governmental periods, 1994-1998 (Robert Fico’s government) and 2006-2010 (Vladimír Mečiar’s government). Political parties which formed government in these periods tend to be referred to also as national populist parties, because they pursue populist policy embedded in nationalist agenda. The goal of the article is to examine whether minority policy of Robert Fico’s government was comparable in this regard to that of Vladimir Mečiar. This is done by investigating their policies towards two largest national minorities, the Roma people and the Hungarian minority. The comparison focuses on two main issue areas: education and culture. These are assumed by the author to be most important ones from the perspective of national minorities. I analyse several sources, such as government programmes, minority strategic documents, and language, educational and culture policies, applying criteria such as content or financial considerations. As a conclusion, the paper claims that despite superficially similar characteristics, there were significant differences in both governments' policies towards national minorities.
Facilities of J. G. Mendel Antarctic station: Technical and technological solutions with a special respect to energy sources
Authors: Prošek Pavel , Barták Miloš , Láska Kamil , Suchánek Alois , Hájek Josef , Kapler Pavel
Published: April 2013

In this paper, we focus on technical facilities and technologies used at the Johann Gregor Mendel station (James Ross Island, Antarctica) with a special respect to energy sources used for running the station. Construction of the station is evaluated from energy demand and energy loss points of view. Detailed description of main energy sources, i.e. wind turbines, solar thermal panels, and diesel generators is given. Water management and combustible solid waste management are described as well. Brief overview of future plans related to energy sources at the Johann Gregor Mendel station including an increase in the exploitation of solar energy from photovoltaic panels is given.
Salt marsh vegetation of the southern tundra subzone of Western Siberia: An example of the Baydaratskaya Bay coasts in the Kara Sea
Authors: Morozova Luydmila M. , Ektova Svetlana N.
Published: April 2013

The study is focused on the description of the vegetation and the general environment all characteristics of the salt marshes along coasts in the Baydaratskaya Bay there are of the Kara Sea in the southern tundra subzone of Russian Arctic. In tidal salt marsh habitats, several successional stages and types of communities depending on part of tidal zone. The plant communities study areas located close to research stations were represented by 50 species of vascular plant, 15 mosses and 3 lichens. The coastal vegetation tends to be floristically intermediate between the species composition of typical salt marshes communities (obligate and facultative halophytes) and species from adjacent tundra plains which can be able to tolerate occasional flooding by salt water. Zonation of salt marsh vegetation and floristic diversity were compared with the data for northern area of Kara Sea coasts.
Raising the Quality of Care During Medical Missions: A Survey to Assess the Need for Clinical and Anatomic Pathology Services in International Medical Missions
Authors: Naujokas Agne
Published: April 2013

Context.—Providing basic medical care to patients in underserved communities around the world is a valuable service and should not be compromised. Limited publicly available information on the use of pathology services during short-term medical missions (STMMs) shows a dire need for the improved quality of care being provided.

Objective.—To assess the need for clinical and anatomic pathology services in international medical missions by conducting an online survey.

Design.—A survey containing 35 questions aimed to understand the current use and availability of routine laboratory tests during STMMs, identify the need for particular tests that would improve quality of care, and determine the perceived obstacles preventing the delivery of the care to underserved communities worldwide. Answers from 21 health care providers who served on 50 medical missions were assessed.

Results.—Survey results revealed a significant discrepancy between the availability of pathology services in the United States and during STMMs. Statistical significance (P< .001) was found in areas of routine blood work, cytopathology, and histologic evaluation, among many others. More than half of the STMMs did not have access to basic metabolic panel, rapid hepatitis B test, and microbial cultures. Another 28% of health care providers indicated that having human immunodeficiency virus testing would have improved health care quality.

Conclusions.—Survey results show the need for improved pathology support during STMMs. The lack of precise diagnosis and disease monitoring has a negative effect on the quality of care provided during missions and the ability to enhance global health.
Hypoxic Patterns of Placental Injury: A Review
Authors: Stanek Jerzy
Published: April 2013

Context.—In utero hypoxia is an important cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality and can be evaluated retrospectively to explain perinatal outcomes, to assess recurrence risk in subsequent pregnancies, and to investigate for medicolegal purposes by identification of many hypoxic placental lesions. Definitions of some placental hypoxic lesions have been applied relatively liberally, and many of them are frequently underreported.

Objectives.—To present a comprehensive assessment of the criteria for diagnosing acute and chronic histologic features, patterns, and lesions of placental and fetal hypoxia and to discuss clinicopathologic associations and limitations of the use thereof. The significance of lesions that have been described relatively recently and are not yet widely used, such as laminar necrosis; excessive, extravillous trophoblasts; decidual multinucleate extravillous trophoblasts; and, most important, the patterns of diffuse chronic hypoxic preuterine, uterine, and postuterine placental injury and placental maturation defect, will be discussed.

Data Sources.—Literature review.

Conclusions.—The placenta does not respond in a single way to hypoxia, and various placental hypoxic features should be explained within a clinical context. Because the placenta has a large reserve capacity, hypoxic lesions may not result in poor fetal condition or outcome. On the other hand, very acute, in utero, hypoxic events, followed by prompt delivery, may not be associated with placental pathology, and many poor perinatal outcomes can be explained by an etiology other than hypoxia. Nevertheless, assessment of placental hypoxic lesions is helpful for retrospective explanations of complications in pregnancy and in medicolegal investigation.
Hunt and his Friends
Authors: Hay Daisy
Published: April 2013

This essay reads Hunt’s Foliage alongside works by three members of his circle: John Keats, Elizabeth Kent and Mary Novello. It argues that the work of all three is inflected by Foliage and Hunt’s philosophy of sociability, and it suggests that Hunt himself is not diminished when his work is contextualised by that of his friends. Rather, friendship is so central to his sociable aesthetic that we diminish his achievements when, in an attempt to free him from the shadows cast by his contemporaries, we critically render him in isolation. It represents Hunt as a man who was made by his friends, and whose friends were made by him.
A Note on Leigh Hunt, Nicholas Carrington, and The Liberal
Authors: Roe Nicholas
Published: April 2013

Plymouth poet Nicholas Carrington's poem of bon voyage for Leigh Hunt, 'To a Friend, On His Approaching Voyage to Pisa' (1822), marks the beginning of Hunt's journey to join Lord Byron and P. B. Shelley in publishing  the Liberal  magazine. The poem offers a sidelight on some iconic events of Anglo-Italian Romanticism, and suggest that Carrington's other works deserve more attention than they have so far received.
“Glorious uncertainty”: Business and Adultery in Charlotte Riddell’s Too Much Alone
Authors: Colella Silvana
Published: April 2013

In the 1860s and 1870s Charlotte Riddell was well-known as the “novelist of the City” of London. Too Much Alone (1860), her first narrative foray into the world of commerce and finance, is both a business novel and a novel of adultery. Focusing on how the text configures the emotional regimes of capitalism, this essay examines Riddell’s representation of irregular desires and capricious feelings in relation to what she sees as endemic in commercial society: not fraud, but insecurity and uncertainty, whether “glorious” or dreary. The experience of uncertainty, I argue, provides the point of intersection between the two narrative strands of business and adultery. Explicitly addressed to business people, the novel offers a lesson in sentimental education, a type of training in the ability to tolerate the uncertain, repackaged as an intense emotional experience.
Décrire les « Sauvages » : réflexion sur les manières de désigner les autochtones dans le latin des Relations 1
Authors: Gallucci John A.
Published: April 2013

Cet article propose une étude des termes latins employés par trois jésuites — Pierre Biard, François Ragueneau et Isaac Jogues — pour décrire les « Sauvages ». Reprenant la réflexion proposée par Francis Jennings sur le mot anglais savage, dont le sens a évolué de la « simple sauvagerie » à la « férocité bestiale », l’auteur montre comment l’histoire de ce mot est étroitement liée à la rencontre entre les Amérindiens et les Européens.
L’irrespirable ou l’angoisse dans les groupes analytiques
Authors: Joly Pierre
Published: April 2013

L’engagement dans un groupe analytique n’est jamais chose facile. Des exemples tirés de la pratique de la psychothérapie de groupe et quelques considérations théoriques illustrent qu’une des principales difficultés est l’ampleur de la régression et de l’angoisse ressentie à certains moments du groupe, notamment dans ses débuts ou lors de l’arrivée de nouveaux participants. Pour réussir à s’adapter et à vivre dans un groupe, pour que ce milieu ne demeure pas irrespirable, il faut qu’y soit favorisée la capacité de métaboliser la libido débordante en parole vivante. Pour cela, il faut pouvoir y retrouver/recréer un lien suffisamment bon à l’objet-groupe qui peut représenter la mère et le monde humain.
La Clinique psychanalytique de Montréal : cinq ans d’existence. Un projet d’engagement social de la psychanalyse et un dispositif d’écoute original
Authors: Lasvergnas Isabelle
Published: April 2013

Ce texte présente un « état des lieux », après plus de 5 années d’existence, de la Clinique psychanalytique de Montréal (CPM/Centre de consultation de la Société psychanalytique de Montréal). Il vise à rendre compte de la philosophie clinique et théorique qui a sous-tendu le projet dès son origine, faisant de celui-ci non seulement un projet « social », mais au plein sens du terme, un projet de recherche clinique. Corollaire des nouvelles problématiques psychiques rencontrées dans la cure aujourd’hui, en particulier chez les jeunes générations, se pose pour la psychanalyse contemporaine la question d’une nouvelle conjonction entre inconscient et culture, dont une clinique comme la CPM constitue un observatoire privilégié. À titre d’illustration des interrogations de recherche en cours à la Clinique, le texte propose une première réflexion théorique sur le dispositif des entrevues préliminaires mis en place. Il aborde également, les résistances particulières que peut susciter une pratique clinique dans une « institution », en lien avec des points aveugles de la filiation psychanalytique, ses idéologies groupales et une idéalisation de la transmission psychanalytique dans laquelle s’est inscrite, dès les premières années de la découverte, une résistance à la tercéisation.
Highly Stretchable Electromechanical Sensors with Ionotronic Knots Based on Hydrogel Fibers
Authors: Li Pengyuan , Liu Jiawei , Wang Shipeng , Tao Chengliang , Yang Yan , Wang Jinhui , Wang Jiangxin
Published: July 2024

Stretchable devices have gained increasing interest in recent years, particularly in the field of wearable electronics. Among them, fiber‐type devices with high mechanical conformability hold great potential to enable next‐generation wearable and interactive applications with their special structure and high compatibility with the well‐established textile industries. In this study, a hydrogel fiber providing large moisture retention and high mechanical compliance is fabricated, with which a new approach to enable highly stretchable electromechanical sensors based on knot structures is developed. Comparative analysis with common orthogonal textile structures reveal the superior performance of sensors based on ionotronic knots. Stress sensors with the double overhand knot exhibit ≈four times greater variation in capacitance than those with orthogonal structures, and sensors with the clove hitch knot exhibit a fast response time of 57 ms. Based on the characteristics of different knots, a sensor matrix based on clove hitch knots to map the pressure distribution, and a wearable mole code generator based on reef knots to recognize and encode wrist motions are developed. These applications demonstrate the excellent performance of knot‐architecture sensors and their great potential in the fields of smart fabrics and human–machine interactions.
Boric Acid Matrix‐Activated nπ* Transition of Guest Chromophores: from Pure Fluorescence to Efficient Afterglow
Authors: Cao Peisheng , Chen Qian , Wu Peng
Published: July 2024

El‐Sayed rule highlights the important role of heteroatoms (e.g., N, O, and S) and the corresponding nπ* transition in designing efficient organic phosphors. Nevertheless, for some heteroatom‐rich fluorophores, their phosphorescence is quite weak (e.g., fluorescein), since the nπ* components are absent in the whole transitions. Here, these chromophores (mainly with n electron‐containing twisted structure) are found doping into the boric acid (BA) matrix can activate the nπ* transition for efficient afterglow luminescence. For example, doping purely green‐emitting fluorescein into BA yielded a high afterglow quantum yield (≈24%) and a long‐lasting, blue‐shifted cyan afterglow (>10 s). The covalent/non‐covalent interactions between the BA matrix and the guests resulted in twisting the n electron‐containing structure to promote the spin‐orbit coupling process, leading to the generation of new excited state triplet transition pathways. Since the guest chromophores feature visible light absorption, a series of multi‐color afterglow phosphors with visible or white light excitation are successfully constructed.
Cyclization Through Dual C(sp3)−H Functionalization
Authors: Sadeghi Masoud
Published: July 2024

C(sp3)−H functionalization methods have been widely employed in many organic transformations such as cyclization reactions, heterocycle synthesis, cross‐coupling protocols, and photochemical transformations. Among these transformations, cyclization reaction through C(sp3)−H functionalization offers a direct route to convert simple linear substrates to complex products. There are three common modes of utilizing C(sp3)−H bonds in cyclization reactions including single, double, and dual C(sp3)−H functionalization. As the most challenging mode, dual C(sp3)−H functionalization refers to converting two separate C(sp3)−H bonds in one molecule into desired C−Z bonds which can be employed in cyclization reactions. Cyclization reaction via dual functionalization of C(sp3)−H bonds can be classified based on the C−H reactivities. Therefore, these reactions can be categorized into three classes based on the types of C(sp3)−H bonds including activated‐activated, activated‐unactivated, and unactivated‐unactivated C(sp3)−H bonds. Most published reports for cyclization reactions through dual C(sp3)−H functionalization involve activated‐activated C(sp3)−H bonds. However, the number of reported papers on the other two classes has been growing. This review focuses on the dual C(sp3)−H functionalization protocols used for cyclization reactions and categorizes the published papers based on the types of C(sp3)−H bonds.
Steam‐Assisted Selective CO2 Hydrogenation to Ethanol over Ru−In Catalysts
Authors: Zhou Chengshuang , Aitbekova Aisulu , Liccardo Gennaro , Oh Jinwon , Stone Michael L. , McShane Eric J. , Werghi Baraa , Nathan Sindhu , Song Chengyu , Ciston Jim , Bustillo Karen C. , Hoffman Adam S. , Hong Jiyun , Perez‐Aguilar Jorge , Bare Simon R. , Cargnello Matteo
Published: July 2024

Multicomponent catalysts can be designed to synergistically combine reaction intermediates at interfacial active sites, but restructuring makes systematic control and understanding of such dynamics challenging. We here unveil how reducibility and mobility of indium oxide species in Ru‐based catalysts crucially control the direct, selective conversion of CO2 to ethanol. When uncontrolled, reduced indium oxide species occupy the Ru surface, leading to deactivation. With the addition of steam as a mild oxidant and using porous polymer layers to control In mobility, Ru−In2O3 interface sites are stabilized, and ethanol can be produced with superior overall selectivity (70 %, rest CO). Our work highlights how engineering of bifunctional active ensembles enables cooperativity and synergy at tailored interfaces, which unlocks unprecedented performance in heterogeneous catalysts.
Frenkel and Charge‐Transfer Excitonic Couplings Strengthened by Thiophene‐Type Solvent Enables Binary Organic Solar Cells with 19.8 % Efficiency
Authors: Song Xin , Mei Le , Zhou Xinjie , Li Hongxiang , Xu Hao , Liu Xingting , Gao Shenzheng , Xu Shanlei , Yang Yahui , Zhu Weiguo , Wang Jianpu , Zhang Xiao‐Hong , Chen Xian‐Kai
Published: July 2024

Overcoming the trade‐off between short‐circuited current (Jsc) and open‐circuited voltage (Voc) is important to achieving high‐efficiency organic solar cells (OSCs). Previous works modulated the energy gap between Frenkel local exciton (LE) and charge‐transfer (CT) exciton, which served as the driving force of exciton splitting. Differently, our current work focuses on the modulation of LE‐CT excitonic coupling (tLE‐CT) via a simple but effective strategy that the 2‐chlorothiophene (2Cl−Th) solvent utilizes in the treatment of OSC active‐layer films. The results of our experimental measurements and theoretical simulations demonstrated that 2Cl−Th solvent initiates tighter intermolecular interactions with non‐fullerene acceptor in comparison with that of traditional chlorobenzene solvent, thus suppressing the acceptor's over‐aggregation and retarding the acceptor crystallization with reduced trap. Critically, the resulting shorter distances between donor and acceptor molecules in the 2Cl−Th treated blend efficiently strengthen tLE‐CT, which not only promotes exciton splitting but also reduces non‐radiative recombination. The champion efficiencies of 19.8 % (small‐area) with superior operational reliability (T80: 586 hours) and 17.0 % (large‐area) were yielded in 2Cl−Th treated cells. This work provided a new insight into modulating the exciton dynamics to overcome the trade‐off between Jsc and Voc, which can productively promote the development of the OSC field.
Switchable Chemo‐, Regio‐ and Pseudo‐Stereodivergence in Palladium‐Catalyzed Cycloaddition of Allenes
Authors: Luo Pengfei , Li Jinxia , Deng Yu‐Hua , Yu Peiyuan , Wang Yingcheng , Peng Fangzhi , Shao Zhihui
Published: July 2024

Here, we report a strategy enabling triple switchable chemo‐, regio‐, and stereodivergence in newly developed palladium‐catalyzed cycloadditions of allenes. An asymmetric pseudo‐stereodivergent cycloaddition of allenes bearing a primary leaving group at the α‐position, where a dynamic kinetic asymmetric hydroalkoxylation of racemic unactivated allenes was the enantio‐determining step, is realized, providing four stereoisomers [(Z,R), (Z,S), (E,S), and (E,R)] containing a di‐substituted alkene scaffold and a stereogenic center. By tuning reaction conditions, a mechanistically distinctive cycloaddition is uncovered selectively with the same set of substrates. By switching the position of the leaving group of allenes, a cycloaddition involving an intermolecular O‐attack is disclosed. Diverse mechanisms of the cycloaddition reactions of allenes enable rapid access to structurally and stereochemically diverse 3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐1,4‐benzoxazines in high efficiency and selectivity.
Evaluation of the influence of chromium(III) ions and protoporphyrin IX on the oxidative stability of biodiesel
Authors: Gonçales Filho José , de Toledo Fernanda Mugnaini Lulu , Alves Andrea Maria , Clemente Marco Aurelio Jeanegitz , Mantovani Ana Carolina Gomes , Angilelli Karina Benassi
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to investigate the impact of porphyrin complexes with Cr3+ on the oxidative stability of biodiesel. Specifically, it focused on assessing the induction period as well as the fluorescence and FTIR spectroscopy, kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of oxidation under varying temperature conditions. The concentration of the metal added in the biodiesel samples, with and without protoporphyrin IX (PPIX), was established based on previous literature. Oxidative stability tests were carried out at 105, 110, 115, and 120°C. The Cr3+ transition metal ion exhibited low catalytic activity in biodiesel oxidation reactions, and the tests without PPIX showed lower induction period values for all temperatures. PPIX exhibited antioxidant action, delaying both the initiation and propagation stages of chain reactions responsible for the formation of free radicals, thereby enhancing the stability of the biofuel even in the presence of Cr3+, when compared to the same test without the addition of the compound. The fluorescence intensity of PPIX decreased as a function of the contact time with the metal ion, and the FTIR analysis of the biodiesel with PPIX presented the most significant variations in the spectra. The tests containing PPIX at all temperatures presented lower values of reaction rate than the control samples, while the test without PPIX with Cr3+ ion resulted in higher k in comparison to control. The activation energy values ranged from 43.36 to 106.37 kJ mol−1. The results of thermodynamic parameters indicated greater stability for biodiesel containing PPIX, with enthalpy activation (ΔH‡) and entropy activation (ΔS‡) values of 103.16 kJ mol−1 and ‐52.61 J.K−1.mol−1, respectively.
A low fouling and high biocompatibility electrochemical sensor based on the electrospun gelatin‐PLGA‐CNTs nanofibers for dopamine detection in blood
Authors: Deng Zhaoxue , Bao Duncai , Jiang Lipeng , Zhang Xun , Xi Weiyan , Zheng Wei , Xu Xiaoxue
Published: July 2024

The ability to fabricate resisting nonspecific protein adsorption electrochemical sensor capable of high biocompatibility in vivo will undoubtedly underpin key future developments in life sciences. Herein, a gelatin‐poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide)‐carbon nanotubes nanofibers‐membrane in three‐dimensional porous structure without any chemical crosslinking is constructed on the carbon fiber microelectrode (e‐Gelatin‐PLGA‐CNTs/CFME) using a one‐step electrospinning technology. The nanofibers‐membrane still presents good three‐dimensional porous structure and excellent hydrophily after implantation in BSA solution. In addition, the dopamine hydrochloride (DA) sensitivity at e‐Gelatin‐PLGA‐CNTs/CFME after implantation in human blood samples exhibits almost the same as preimplantation (91% ± 9%, n = 3). Importantly, the nanofibers‐membrane possesses fast cell proliferation and a low hemolysis rate (2.27% ± 0.76%), satisfying the required biocompatibility as a constructed material for the detection in vivo. The constructed micro‐electrochemical sensor realizes the detection of DA in human blood samples. Consequently, this strategy offers a new and facile platform for the development of implanted electrochemical sensor.
Dynamic event‐triggered‐based decentralized fault‐tolerant control for interconnected nonlinear time‐delay systems with unknown control directions
Authors: Shen Qixia , Lin Wenshuai , Cao Liang , Zhao Meng
Published: July 2024

The dynamic event‐triggered decentralized adaptive fault‐tolerant control strategy is designed for nonlinear interconnected systems with time delay and unknown control directions. The dynamic event‐triggered control scheme where the threshold parameters related to measurement errors are dynamically adjusted by introducing adaptive laws into the control law appropriately increases the time interval for controller update. Then, the Nussbaum function and linear transformation are employed to handle the coupling problem caused by actuator faults and unknown control directions. Meanwhile, the Lyapunov–Krasovskii function is utilized to compensate the effect of time delay and guarantees that all closed‐loop signals are bounded. The errors converge into bounded compact sets around the origin. The validity of the presented scheme is verified via a simulation example.
Early economic evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging for prostate cancer detection in primary care
Authors: Merriel Samuel William David , Buttle Peter , Price Sarah J. , Burns‐Cox Nick , Walter Fiona M. , Hamilton William , Spencer Anne E.
Published: July 2024

Objectives

To explore the potential impacts of incorporating prebiopsy magnetic resonance imaging into primary care as a triage test within the prostate cancer diagnostic pathway.

Subjects and methods

Decision analytic modelling with decision trees was utilised for this early economic evaluation. A conceptual model was developed reflecting the common primary care routes to diagnosis for prostate cancer: opportunistic, asymptomatic prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) screening or symptomatic presentation. The use of multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) or biparametric MRI (bpMRI) as a primary care triage test following an elevated PSA result was evaluated. A health system perspective was adopted with a time horizon of 12 months. Health effects were expressed in terms of utilities drawn from the literature. The primary outcome was prostate cancer diagnosis. Evidence used to inform the model was drawn from published primary studies, systematic reviews, and secondary analyses of primary and secondary care datasets.

Results

Base case analysis showed that the PSA pathway was dominated by both mpMRI‐ and bpMRI‐based pathways for patients undergoing opportunistic screening and symptomatic assessment. bpMRI pathways had greater improvement in cost and utility than mpMRI pathways in both clinical scenarios. Significantly more MRI scans would be performed using the modelled approach (66 626 scans vs. 37 456 scans per 100 000 patients per annum), with fewer subsequent urgent suspected cancer referrals for both mpMRI (38% reduction for screening and symptomatic patients) and bpMRI (72% reduction for screening; 71% for symptomatic) pathways, and a small increase in number of missed cancer diagnoses. Deterministic sensitivity analyses, varying each parameter to its upper and lower 95% confidence intervals, showed no significant change in the dominance of the MRI‐based prostate cancer diagnostic pathways.

Conclusion

Using prostate MRI as a second‐level triage test for suspected prostate cancer in primary care could reduce health service costs without a detrimental effect on patient utility.