bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vapor sorption in binary polymer brushes: The effect of the polymer–polymer interface
Authors: Smook Leon A. , Ritsema van Eck Guido C. , de Beer Sissi
Published: August 2021

Polymer brushes attract vapors that are good solvents for polymers. This is useful in sensing and other technologies that rely on concentrating vapors for optimal performance. It was recently shown that vapor sorption can be enhanced further by incorporating two incompatible types of polymers A and B in the brushes: additional vapor adsorbs at the high-energy polymer–polymer interface in these binary brushes. In this article, we present a model that describes this enhanced sorption in binary brushes of immiscible A–B polymers. To do so, we set up a free-energy model to predict the interfacial area between the different polymer phases in binary brushes. This description is combined with Gibbs adsorption isotherms to determine the adsorption at these interfaces. We validate our model with coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. Moreover, based on our results, we propose design parameters (A–B chain fraction, grafting density, vapor, and A–B interaction strength) for optimal vapor absorption in coatings composed of binary brushes.
3D bicontinuous diamond-like morphologies in thin films of soluted block copolymers
Authors: Kriksin Yury
Published: August 2021

As shown theoretically earlier via both weak segregation and self-consistent field theories, ordering of confined molten di- and tri-block copolymer morphologies in the presence of a proper 1D patterned substrate could induce the formation of 3D bicontinuous (in particular, diamond-like) morphologies (DLMs). The purpose of the present paper is to study, unlike the previous studies, how the stable DLMs are formed not in a melt but in a solution of symmetric diblock copolymers with a nonselective solvent that wets the thin film on the patterned substrate. It is shown, via a straightforward self-consistent field calculation of the total solution free energy for various competing phases, that the DLM could be formed in the solutions (with the solvent volume fraction of 0.5), which provides much faster thermodynamic equilibration of the solution as compared to the melt. The last circumstance can ease the production of stable DLMs in thin films of copolymers. The phase diagram describing the stable phases on the plane “the pattern period—the film thickness” is built.
Deep-UV wavelength-selective photodetectors based on lateral transport in AlGaN/AlN quantum well and dot-in-well structures
Authors: Pramanik Pallabi , Sen Sayantani , Singha Chirantan , Bhattacharyya A. , Zhou Lin , Smith David J.
Published: August 2021

We report on the development of deep-ultraviolet (DUV) wavelength-selective top-illuminated photodetectors based on AlGaN/AlN quantum-dots-in-wells. Structures consisting of 100 AlGaN wells and AlN barriers were grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on sapphire substrates. Interdigitated metal–semiconductor–metal photodetector devices were formed lithographically using indium as the contact metal. The effect of variation of the group III to group V flux ratio and the use of indium as a surfactant on the UV photoresponse were determined. Growth under near-stoichiometric conditions lead to a photocurrent peak in the 210–215 nm range with a peak width of ∼20 nm, with no other additional signatures in the entire UV–visible range. Under excess group III conditions, a second red-shifted peak was observed at ∼225 nm with significantly (up to 10×) higher responsivity. This enhancement was linked to the formation of quantum dots with truncated pyramidal structures with near-uniform size distribution and density of 6 × 1010 cm−2 within the quantum wells. Their formation was attributed to the process of droplet epitaxy. Such photodetectors do not require p-type doping or growth onto UV-transparent substrates and are appropriate for monitoring DUV skin-safe germicidal radiation in the presence of ambient visible light.
Assessing the state of the art in longitudinal L2 pronunciation research
Authors: Nagle Charles L.
Published: August 2021

Longitudinal research methods often call to mind studies of various lengths. However, longitudinal research
involves complex decisions related to study length, number of sessions, and session spacing, and these longitudinal choices must
be coordinated with other aspects of research methodology. In this synthesis, I analyze 39 longitudinal L2 pronunciation studies that were published between 2006 and 2021 and did not include a pronunciation-specific intervention. I examine longitudinal design choices in light of participant sample characteristics such
as age and context of learning, and measurement framework characteristics, which include choices related to target structures and
tasks. Among other findings, results point to a lack of longer-term, multiwave studies dealing with pronunciation development. I
offer suggestions for future work that can enhance the scope of L2 pronunciation research as well as recommendations for
conducting and reporting longitudinal research.
Fabrication of plasmonic structures with well-controlled nanometric features: a comparison between lift-off and ion beam etching
Authors: Abasahl B , Santschi C , Raziman T V , Martin O J F
Published: August 2021

After providing a detailed overview of nanofabrication techniques for plasmonics, we discuss in detail two different approaches for the fabrication of metallic nanostructures based on e-beam lithography. The first approach relies on a negative e-beam resist, followed by ion beam milling, while the second uses a positive e-beam resist and lift-off. Overall, ion beam etching provides smaller and more regular features including tiny gaps between sub-parts, that can be controlled down to about 10 nm. In the lift-off process, the metal atoms are deposited within the resist mask and can diffuse on the substrate, giving rise to the formation of nanoclusters that render the nanostructure outline slightly fuzzy. Scattering cross sections computed for both approaches highlight some spectral differences, which are especially visible for structures that support complex resonances, such as Fano resonances. Both techniques can produce useful nanostructures and the results reported therein should guide the researcher to choose the best suited approach for a given application, depending on the available technology.
Mixed convection flow of viscoelastic Ag-Al2O3
/water hybrid nanofluid past a rotating disk
Authors: Gamachu Dachasa , Ibrahim Wubshet
Published: August 2021

An exploration is carried out to inspect mixed convection flow of viscoelastic hybrid nanofluid past a rotating disk under slip and convective heating condition influences. As the hybrid nanoparticles,

Al

2

O

3

and silver (Ag) are considered with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) - water with low concentration (

0.0
−
0.4
%

) preferred as a base fluid. The viscoelastic (non-Newtonian) fluid model is assumed in favor of hybrid nanofluids applying magnetic field influences normal to the flow of fluid. The nonlinear ordinary differential equations get a hold from the governing equations are simplified using suitable similitude into dimensionless from and are solved via the influential method called Galerkin finite element method. The roles of physical parameters on radial and tangential velocities, temperature and concentration are exhibited graphically with their physical features. The results show that enrichment in the values of Grashof number be inclined to develop buoyancy forces which speed up the motion of fluid and tends to increases radial and tangential velocity fields but it imposes to decline temperature and concentration profile. Also, the outcome confirms that the distribution of temperature and concentration can be controlled with higher alumina and silver nanoparticles volume fraction. Moreover, the effects of thermal Grashof number, volume fraction of alumina and silver nanoparticles on skin friction coefficients, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are numerically discussed through tables. It also corroborates that 3% vol. fraction of

Al

2

O

3

and Ag nanoparticles has the greatest −

Θ
′
(
0
)

than 1% vol. fraction of

Al

2

O

3

and Ag nanoparticles.
Teaching IC Timer through simulation for future STEM teacher
Authors: Dewi D P , Fuada S , Nugroho P T , Kholidatuzzahra Z , Afionita D
Published: August 2021

Teaching in the STEM field based on the simulation is the necessary for students to understand the concepts and materials that have been given. This paper presents a simulation performed using IC Timer to generate a square signal using a virtual laboratory circuit wizard simulation software. In conducting the simulation, there are stages that will be given to students. There are 10 stages that will be explained in the lab experiments section. The method used consists of design for simulation. With this paper, it is expected that future teachers can provide simulated teaching to their students well. The results obtained in the simulation using this IC Timer are square signals that can be generated by the IC Timer circuit, and the results of frequency calculations, both through theoretical calculations and calculations with an oscilloscope do not show significant results. Teachers can provide teaching to students through simulation with a virtual laboratory first before carrying out practice directly, so students can use real devices properly and can reduce the risk of damage.
Design of a Web-Based Digital Learning Resource Center to assist online learning with mathematics content in primary schools
Authors: Sutisna M R , Yuniarti Y , Windayana H , Hendriyana H
Published: August 2021

Implementation of online learning policy has become an alternative solution. In another way, also raises various problems faced by teachers, students, and also parents who accompany their children to study online from home. Especially in learning with Mathematics content which already has a negative stigma. This development process aimed to assist teachers in providing digital learning resources in the learning process by providing a digital learning resource center that can be used by teachers, students, and parents. The main focus of this study is 1) the design of the digital LRC website. 2) Development of a digital LRC website that can be used by teachers in presenting the learning process. 3) provide helpful guidance for teachers in digital learning development by utilizing digital LRCs. The development of the Website-Based Digital LRC is realized through a seven-step Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) design model. This paper will only focus on Systems Analysis and Requirements and also describing the DLRC system design that will be developed. The design resulted from this study is a Website-Based Digital LRC that can be utilized by both teacher and student. Optimization of this Digital LRC has the potential to reduce the time and effort of a teacher in their preparation for learning.
Computer game-assisted intructional model for teaching science in elementary school
Authors: Hernawan H , Rifqiana W , Taofik D B I , Mulyani L S
Published: August 2021

This paper discusses the results of an experimental study on the implementation of computer-assisted science teaching in an elementary school in Indonesia. With a goal to enhance student learning interests and outcomes, we experimented a science teaching practice using a computer game. To this end, we involved as many as 31 students in our study. Student learning interests were measured using questionnaires. After conducting three experiments, we found that the use of a computer game effectively improved their interests in learning science. In addition, the improvement was made in their learning outcomes.
Students’ experience of online game-based assessment tool during emergency remote teaching
Authors: Saputra E R , Rusmana N
Published: August 2021

Emergency remote teaching makes teachers should review the appropriate way of assessing students appropriately. Various programs and applications have been developed to assess students online. However, as learners do not always perceive learning tool effectiveness in the same way as educators, this study tries to investigate the perspectives of learners regarding the use of game-based assessment tool, namely Quizizz. The perceptions of sixty freshmen college students regarding the use of this tool are documented using questionnaires. The main findings of the study show that the students demonstrated positive attitudes towards the use of Quizizz during emergency remote teaching. They perceived it as a useful program that was easy to use, and they reported the intention to use it in the future in the post-pandemic era. Besides, this program could enhance students’ learning engagement in terms of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional engagement. It, therefore, can be concluded that Quizizz becomes an alternative way of assessing the students online, while at the same time promoting their learning engagement.
Learning device in the “STEMpedia” mobile learning application
Authors: Hamdu G , Mulyadiprana A , Mukti H , Yulianto A , Karlimah K
Published: August 2021

Access to the results of the audience and the use of innovative mobile learning with the aim of innovation, skills in technology, and media information are indispensable. The implementation of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) learning as innovative learning in elementary school must be accessible to the teacher in real life. STEMpedia’s mobile learning application was developed using Design-Based Research model Reeves, which consists of four stages: 1) identification and analysis of the problem; 2) Development of solutions based on information obtained; 3) Perform repeated processes to test and repair; 4) Reflections. The results of this research in the form of mobile learning application in STEM learning in elementary school that contains learning device and video of STEM learning implementation, this mobile learning application can be accessed on Android smartphone version. The product is accessed by the teacher as a medium to learn STEM learning so that the real picture of the condition in its implementation.
Creating songs using online software
Authors: Julia J , Iswara P D , Supriyadi T
Published: August 2021

In an era of social distancing due to the Covid-19 pandemic, a method is needed for music educators to remain productive in creating and fulfilling music teaching materials without involving other parties. One feasible solution is to use online software to compose music or songs. This article elaborates a method to easily compose musical accompaniments and melodies using an online software, Hookpad. There are six steps in composing a song melody and its accompaniment: (1) preparing a music sheet online via a browser, (2) setting meters, keys, and tempo, (3) selecting musical instruments or sound patches, (4) selecting the chords pattern, (5) filling in the melody, and (6) exporting to a WAVE/MP3/MIDI file. Creating songs using online software is very effective in terms of processing time and can minimize the number of people involved in the work and can produce good quality sounds. In conclusion, Hookpad online music software can be a solution for working in solitary with satisfying music sound quality.
Making media for learning musical instruments using the Scratch application
Authors: Julia J , Gunara S , Iswara P D
Published: August 2021

The challenge for music educators in distance learning is the inability to practice teaching musical instruments directly to students. This article aims to bridge music educators so that they can still teach musical instruments to students and the students can continue to learn music even though they are learning from home. The solution offered is learning music using the Scratch application on a laptop or desktop computer as the controller. There are five steps to make music learning media using the Scratch application: (1) downloading and installing the Scratch Desktop application, (2) making designs or icons for each music scale, (3) recording or inputting sound musical instruments, (4) setting the buttons for each musical scale, and (5) playing the musical compositions. The Scratch application was effective in making learning media for learning musical instruments, learning to recognize the sounds of musical instruments, and learning to memorize song melodies. In conclusion, the Scratch application can be a solution for creating computer-based learning media for musical instruments.
Mathematical learning trajectory in primary school
Authors: Mutaqin E J , Asyari L , Tetep T , Hamdani N A
Published: August 2021

Piagets’ theory of cognitive development states that every child has their own way / strategy in interpreting and adapting to their environment. The strategy or method used by students towards learning situation is one of the stages of the learning trajectory. Learning trajectory is a learning line or route that provides an overview of the prerequisite knowledge students already have (as a starting point) and each step from one point to the next that describes the thinking process and methods used by students. This means that students’ factors are the main case and must be considered in creating a learning design. By understanding the learning flow, students can provide various alternative strategies or scaffolding to help and overcome students who have difficulty in understanding mathematical concepts in elementary schools.
The development of attitude assessment instrument in STEM learning in fifth grade elementary schools
Authors: Muiz D A , Sabillah D S , Karlimah K
Published: August 2021

This research is a developmental study focuses on developing an attitude assessment instrument in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) learning to support the 2013 curriculum implementation in facing the challenges of globalization in real life. This research was motivated by the fact that several schools still had not yet developed an instrument for assessing attitudes in STEM learning and the the teacher usually assessed students subjectively. This study aims to develop and describe the design of the attitude assessment instrument in STEM learning. The research design used was the Educational Based Research with the Generic EDR model proposed by Mc Kenney & Reeves which consists of three stages, namely: 1) the analysis and exploration stage; 2) the design and construction stage; and 3) evaluation and reflection stage. The data collection techniques used in this research were literature study, interview, document analysis, and expert judgment.
Analysis of mathematical connection ability of elementary school students
Authors: Sumartini T S , Hamdani N A , Maryati I
Published: August 2021

Mathematical connection ability is one of the important abilities that students have. This study aims to analyze the mathematical connection ability of elementary school students. The research method was carried out qualitatively with a purposive sampling technique. The sample was taken as many as two elementary school students. Data collection using written tests and interviews. The data analysis was done qualitatively by analyzing the results of the students’ answers in the written test and then the verification stage was carried out during the interview. The results showed that the students’ ability to connect mathematics topics and mathematics applications was still lacking. This is motivated by the students’ lack of conceptual understanding. In addition, it is necessary to consider students’ self-efficacy in developing mathematical connection skills.
Analysis of the use of mathematic animation video as a line learning alternative to learning motivation
Authors: Wiryanto W , Mariana N , Budiyono B , Rahmawati I , Indrawati D , Rachmadiyanti P , Mintohari M
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the use of mathematical animated videos on student learning motivation in online learning. The research method uses qualitative, data collection techniques consisting of interviews and questionnaires. Interviews were conducted with teachers and questionnaires were given to grade III students at Al Islah Elementary School with 31 students through Google documents, interview results, and questionnaires were analyzed using word decryption. The results of this study 95% of students liked online learning using mathematical video animation and made it easier for them to understand the learning material. According to the teacher at Al Islah Elementary School, he acknowledged that using animated videos while learning mathematics can mature students’ understanding of the learning process.
The effect of using digital variety media on distance learning on increasing digital literacy
Authors: Muharam A , Mustikaati W , Sanny A , Yani F , Wiriyanti K
Published: August 2021

At present, distance learning, especially for low-grade students, is limited by the use of learning media that is not yet in accordance with the child’s cognitive stages. This paper describes the results of using digital variety media in distance learning that are adjusted to the abilities and stages of children’s digital literacy skills. This media is developed according to the easy learning stages consisting of comics, interactive videos and assessments that are integrated with learning materials. This study uses an experimental method of the relationship between the effect of using digital media on increasing children’s digital literacy. Media that is incompatible with the abilities of low grade children can be avoided by teachers in the distance learning process because low grade children need the introduction of digital literacy skills that are in accordance with the child’s cognitive thinking stages.
Substrates and storage time evaluation for preparing tempeh starter from Rhizopus oryzae CBS130145
Authors: Nursiwi A , Pertiwi F , Ishartani D , Sari A M , Zaman M Z
Published: August 2021

Tempeh is a soy-based product fermented using tempeh starter culture. The starter culture is ususally produced traditionally, and therefore has an inconsisitent purity and composition. This study therefore aims to determine the viability of Rhizopus oryzae CBS130145 grown on various substrates, rice, cassava root, cassava flour, and tapioca flour, then stored for four weeks at 27°C, as well as to determine the texture of the tempeh made using Rhizopus oryzae CBS130145, grown on various substrates and commercial inoculum, as a starter. The starter culture was produced using Rhizopus oryzae CBS130145 isolated from “usar”, obtained from Wonogiri. According to results, the mold’s viability in each tempeh starter prepared using Rhizopus oryzae CBS130145 grown on various substrates, rice, tapioca flour, cassava, as well as cassava flour and stored for four weeks at room temperature, did not differ significantly. In addition, the texture of tempeh produced using all tempeh starter culture did not differ significantly with the commercial stater counterpart. However, further research using lengthened storage time of tempeh starter culture is required to understand the stability of Rhizopus oryzae CBS130145 during storage.
Yield Determinants of Some Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L) Clones Using Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Lestari M W
Published: August 2021

This study aims to determine the factors influencing the yield of sweet potatoes using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Meanwhile, this tool was used to form new set of smaller and mutually independent variables (no longer correlated) based on the research variables which includes Plant Length (PL), Number of Leaves (NL), Number of Shoots (NS), Leaf area (LA), Total Fresh Weight (TFW), Number of Tubers (NT), Fresh Weight of Tuber (FWT), Dry Weight of Tuber (DWT), and Harvest Index (HI). The results showed that the combined effect of TFW, NT, FWT, and DWT, as the main determinants of sweet potatoes yield was 71.048% as indicated by the total variance (cumulative percent of variance). Therefore, treatments in line with these values are important for improved crop yield.
Effect of Phosphorus and Calcium Availability as Influenced by Manure, Rock Phosphate, and Dolomite on Soybean Yield
Authors: Minardi S , Haniati I L , Harieni S , Sudadi  , Cahyono O , Suryono
Published: August 2021

Soybean (Glycine max) contains nutritional components such as high protein which support health needs and improve the quality of life. However, to achieve this standard, soybean productivity needs to be increased. Manure, rock phosphate, and dolomite are potential alternatives in improving soybean production. This study aims to examine phosphorus and calcium availability as Influenced by manure, rock phosphate, and dolomite to increase soybean yield. The experiment consisted of six treatments groups with four replications using a completely randomized block design. Furthermore, the groups include T0 (Control), T1 (5 t ha−
1 manure + 2.5 t ha−1 rock phosphate), T2 (5 t ha−1 manure + 5 t ha−1 rock phosphate), T3 (5 t ha−
1 + 2.5 t ha−1 dolomite), T4 (5 t ha−1 manure + 5 t ha−1 dolomite), and T5 (5 t ha−1 manure + 5 t ha−
1 rock phosphate + 5 t ha−1 dolomite). The results showed that phosphorus and calcium availability were significantly influenced by manure, rock phosphate, dolomite, and simultaneously increase soybean yield. Also, the best number of filled pods, 100-seed weight and yield were obtained with the application of 5 t ha−1 manure + 5 t ha−1 rock phosphate + 5 t ha−1 dolomite (20 pods plot−1, 0.62 g, and 260.89 g plot−1 respectively). Therefore, based on the results, phosphorus and calcium obtained from manure, rock phosphate and dolomite potentially increase soybean yield.
The Effect of various vegetable oils in basal diets on the carcass and non-carcass characteristics of local duck
Authors: Hadi R F , Sudiyono  , Wati A K
Published: August 2021

This study aims to examine the effect of various vegetable oil in the basal ration on carcass and non-carcass characteristics of local duck. It was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in a unidirectional pattern with 4 treatments and 6 replicates consisting of 6 ducks each. The treatments used include; P1: (96% basal ration + 4% palm oil); P2: (96% basal ration + 4% canola oil); P3: (96% basal ration + 4% coconut oil) and P4: (96% basal ration + 4% soybean oil). Furthermore, data were collected after the ducks were slaughtered at the age of 9 weeks, where 2 ducks were slaughtered at each test. The data obtained were analyzed using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) while the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was used when there are significant results. Moreover, the analysis results showed that the treatments had no significant effects (P > 0.05) on the head percentage, as well as the shank, thigh, wing, breast, and back percentage. Based on the results, it was concluded that the addition of different types of vegetable oils in the basal ration failed to improve the carcass and non-carcass characteristics of local duck.
Concentration Test of Liquid Bioslurry and Mushroom Baglog Waste as a Plant Medium on Growth and Results of Strawberries (Fragaria sp.)
Authors: Roeswitawati D , Sulistyowati A , Ishartati E
Published: August 2021

Backlog mushrooms are organic waste used as a plant medium. Also, bio-slurry is a waste of biogas, used as an organic fertilizer, due to containing many rotting microbes. When the two ingredients are combined, it becomes a good source of organic fertilizer for plants. Furthermore, strawberry fruits (Fragaria sp.) are increasingly getting demanded, due to their vitamin content, which is very good for the health. The purpose of this study was to determine the interaction between the treatment of bio-slurry concentration and the composition of the growing media on the growth and yield of strawberries. Also, the study was conducted in the integrated laboratory of the Agrotechnology education park, Muhammadiyah University of Malang, between February to May 2019. This research used factorial experiments which were arranged randomly in groups. The first factor was the concentration of liquid bio-slurry, such as C0 (water, without bio-slurry), C1 (100 ml / l), C2 (125 ml / l), and C3 (150 ml / l), while that of the second was the volumetric comparison of the planting medium composition (soil : husk charcoal : mushroom baglog waste), namely M1 = (1: 1: 2), M2 = (1: 2: 1), and M3 = (2: 1: 1), with each treatment combination repeated 3 times. These results further showed no interaction between the concentration of bio-slurry, and the composition of planting media on the growth and yield of strawberries.
In vitro protein digestibility of enzymatically pre-treated cocoa bean powder using commercial protease
Authors: Haliza W , Purwani E Y , Fardiaz D , Suhartono M T
Published: August 2021

The quality and selling value of cocoa beans could be greatly improved through proper drying of fermented cocoa. Cocoa products are one of the foods that are in great demand by the community, and the fruit could be a source of vegetable protein production. However, the nutritional value of a food is determined by both its total protein content, and the availability of digestible protein. Therefore, the digestibility of this class of food needs to be evaluated. This study was conducted using cocoa beans from the regions of Bali, Jember, Yogyakarta, and Sukabumi, with 2 types of cocoa powder samples namely fat-free, and fat-polyphenols. Furthermore, it used a completely randomized factorial design, consisting of two factors. The first factor was pepsin concentration, comprising of 1000 and 2000 U/ml, while the second was pancreatic activity, consisting of 3 and 8USP. The protein content of the cocoa was tested and the digestibility was determined. The results show that fat-polyphenol-free cocoa powder with 1000 U/mL pepsin and 3USP pancreatic and Jember had the highest protein digestibility with a value of about ± 95%. Furthermore, the results of protein digestibility showed that variations in the concentration of pepsin and pancreatic enzymes had a significant effect on the protein. Therefore, this research shows that interactions between compounds present in foods, like protein-phenolic, could have a significant effect on protein digestibility.
Gluten-Free Cake Formulation Using Mocaf and Several Types of Flour from Local Food Ingredients
Authors: Widanti Y A , Nur’aini V , Wulandari Y W , Sari E E K
Published: August 2021

Modified Cassava Flour (Mocaf) was expected to replace that of wheat, until presently, its (Mocaf) application to cake products is still very limited. Local foodstuffs such as arrowroot, breadfruit, and pumpkin are being used as substitutes for Mocaf-based products, to increase nutritional value, functional properties, and improve sensory characteristics. The aim of this study was to make the right formulation of sponge cake products with Mocaf and other substitutes, such as arrowroot, breadfruit, and pumpkin flour. Also, the research design used was a complete factorial randomized type with two factors, namely the ratio of Mocaf to substitute flour (60:40, 50:50, and 40:60), and the types of powdered alternative consisting of arrowroot, breadfruit, and pumpkin flour. Furthermore, the results showed that the most preferable sponge cake panelists were those with the use of 40% Mocaf and 60% arrowroot flour. The nutritional composition of the product was 22.48% water, 0.93% ash, 7.25% protein, 13.83% fat, and 55.51% carbohydrate contents by difference. Therefore, the product had the sensory properties of a pale-yellow color, little Mocaf taste, very soft and smooth texture, a small aftertaste, and off-flavor.
Effect of red snapper fish intake on pyramidal cells in hypothyroidic rat brain model
Authors: Herawati E , Husna S A N , Widiyani T , Budiharjo A
Published: August 2021

Congenital hypothyroidism in infants results from partial or complete loss of thyroid glands, resulting in thyroid hormone deficiency. The untreated low thyroid hormone levels induce impairment in the maturation of the developing brain by regulating neurogenesis. Proper treatment in the specific onset timing and duration have shown to increase the chances of brain recovery. In this study, we examined the effect of daily intake of red snapper fish to improve the profile of brain cerebrum on hypothyroidic rat model, particularly on the number and distribution of pyramidal cells. Hypothyroid pups were produced by propylthiouracil induced female rats during pregnancy from E14 until P21. The rats were randomly divided into four groups, which include negative (congenital hypothyroidism) and positive control (thyroxine therapy) as well as red snapper-enriched diet at dosage 25% and 50%. After four weeks treatments, the rats were dissected and brain sections were made using paraffin embedding and hematoxylin-eosin staining to observe pyramidal cell numbers and distribution in cell layer III of the cerebral cortex. The result showed that the consumption of 50% red snapper diet increased the number of pyramidal cells in the cerebral cortex, parallel to the elevated thyroid hormone levels which was nearly equal to control.
The Effect of Starch Proportion in Coating Materials and Storage Temperatures on The Physical Qualities of Curly Green Chili (Capsicum annuum L)
Authors: A’yun A Q , Bintoro N
Published: August 2021

Curly green chili (Capsicum annuum L) is known as one of the very perishable vegetables. Also, some preservation methods were available to be applied, in order to preserve the agricultural products, with the two mostly used techniques being coating and low temperature treatments. This research aims to determine the effect of coating materials and storage temperatures on the physical qualities of curly green chili. In this research, the coating materials with starch proportions of 2%, 4%, 6% and control (without coating), combined with storage temperatures of 5°C and 28°C, were studied, with a factorial design of 4 × 2, and three replications. Furthermore, the total dissolved solid content, firmness, and weight losses, were monitored daily for seven days of storage duration. It was discovered that storage time, temperature, and their interactions significantly affected weight loss. Also, storage time, temperature, and concentration of starch in coating material significantly affected firmness and soluble solid content. However, there was also significant interaction between storage time and temperature, on firmness and soluble solid content. Also, interaction between storage temperature and coating material only affected soluble solid content. Therefore, coating materials with higher starch concentration, produced greater firmness and lower soluble solid content.
Levels of farmers’ preferences of papaya trait/varieties/characteristics
Authors: Sulistyaningrum A , Prabawati S , Hayati N Q , Sayekti A L , Setiani R , Yufdy P , Waryat
Published: August 2021

Increased awareness on the overall health benefits of fresh fruits and vegetables significantly contributes to Indonesia’s rising consumption. These plants are highly expended, and are particularly cultivated in tropical climate regions. Papaya is described as an important fruit, and is sufficiently nutritional, readily available anytime of the year, and also very affordable. In addition, the country enjoys a wider variety, including Merah Delima, although, lesser information is obtainable about farmers’ preferences, in terms of varietal characteristics, compared to consumers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the preferences for Merah Delima species and the resulting characteristics required to potentially match the farmers’ demands, using 2019 survey data from East Java, Central Java, Riau, and West Sumatra provinces. Subsequently, 35 small scale papaya farmers were interviewed to obtain necessary information related to the performance and attributes of the selected variety. The results showed major preferences for samples with red meat coloration (87.10%), medium-size range between 0.7-1.5 kg (71.43%), sweet to very sweet taste (100%), and hard texture (74.19%), with an oval shape (75%). Varietal characteristics are believed to differ across cultivation zones, depending on the agro-ecosystems and farming processes. Furthermore, the earlier mentioned properties were generally suitable to the farmers’ demands. These findings also serve as important guidance, in order to probe deeper into the development of varieties with relevant traits towards addressing farmers’ specifications.
Industrialization and Loss of Rice Barns (Karawang Case Study)
Authors: Cakranegara P A
Published: August 2021

Karawang is a major rice producing city and currently serves as a barn for the entire Jakarta region. Modern industrialization posed a significant threat to local farmers, in terms of economic choices, as to either continue farming or explore other more viable alternatives. This research provides a comprehension description, using several available data to aid the farmers’ financial options. Secondary data were obtained from reliable public sources, including the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics, and were subsequently processed by the use of descriptive statistics and trend analysis. The results showed the existing conditions were responsible for the work preference in factories, due to higher compensation packages, compared to field experience. Meanwhile, land owners tend to switch to potential activities for higher economic value and profitable returns. This research extends the need for government intervention, in an effort to improve the living standard of Karawang farmers.
Information Needs and Behaviour for Sustainable Farming Among Millennial and Progressive farmers
Authors: Widiyanti E , Karsidi R , Wijaya M , Utari P
Published: August 2021

Continuous innovation towards a more sustainable agriculture is an important trend in today’s modern era. Farmers are consistently required to apply essential technologies in enhancing crucial farming practices, regardless of age. The purpose of this qualitative research, therefore, was to carefully examine the information needs and search behaviours of two major farm groups, termed millennial and progressive, using a multi-case study approach. Data were collected by conducting semi-structured interviews with selected participants, comprised of 10 millennial and 5 progressive farmers. Consequently, various trends in information needs and search behaviours in both cases, were discovered, by employing explanation technique. The results showed the millennial generation farmers were more inclined to source for materials on technology access and marketing partnership from diverse communities. Meanwhile, the progressives were known to explore data regarding technology and efforts to improve on farm product quality from the Agriculture Department as well as market insights from close network.
Evaluation of the certified citrus commercial seedlings distribution program for citrus fruit supply stability
Authors: Mufidah L , Sugiyatno A , Zamzami L
Published: August 2021

Nurseries belong to the upstream hierarchy in the production chain hence, play an integral role in sustainable food production. The Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Institute (ICSFRI) between 2018 and 2020, distributed 296,297 certified citrus commercial seedlings for East and Central Java provinces. Meanwhile, an evaluation of the program showed that it is applicable as a reference to improve and forecast stability in citrus fruit supply. This study was conducted using descriptive and inferential statistics, meanwhile, a total of twenty citrus varieties were distributed. The main variety distributed in East and Central Java were tangerine cv Pontianak and mandarin cv Batu55 respectively, while three regencies in East Java and two in Central Java were sampled as the study locations, thereafter, a total of 73 beneficiary farmers were selected as respondents. The result showed that the death rate for distributed seedlings was relatively low, with the tangerine cv Pontianak indicating the highest death compared to mandarin cv Madura. This implies that the supply of tangerine and mandarin is expected to increase approximately by three thousand tons within the next two to three years. Besides this amount is predicted to consitute 3% of import in 2019. However, to actualize this, improvement in water availability, weather forecast, as well as farmer empowerment need to be considered to meet up with citrus supply, both in quantity and quality.
Improving soy milk quality with development of technical standard parameters
Authors: Kristiningrum E , Setyoko A T , Isharyadi F
Published: August 2021

Soy milk is a known alternative drink for product diversification to increase protein consumption, and is produced by adding water to soy extract. In Indonesia, the Indonesian National Standard for soy milk products (SNI 01-3830-1995) has been provided along with a conformity assessment scheme. However, the accordance with BSN Regulation No. 6 of 2018 with regard SNI Review Guidelines, SNI, published over 5 years ago, needs to be reviewed. This study therefore provides recommendations for standard soy milk technical parameters, using the FACTS method (Framework for analysis, comparison and test of standards). The results of this study are intended to review SNI 01-3830-1995. In addition, the scope of this study is limited to stakeholder identification, technical parameter analysis and comparative analysis of international standards. This study was conducted at CV.X, a soy milk-producing Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) in Bekasi, Indonesia. The selection of SME as stakeholders was conducted to determine the ability to apply SNI. Meanwhile, technical parameter analysis was carried out through product laboratory testing, based on SNI 01-3830-1995. According to the laboratory test results, SMEs have not complied with SNI parameters, including protein, fat and pH requirements. The results of international standard analysis show 5 considerable parameters in CODEX STAN 175-1989, moisture, crude protein, ash, fat and crude fiber, for adoption in the SNI 01-3830-1995 review process, to improve the quality of soy milk in Indonesia.
Automatic design of quantum feature maps
Authors: Altares-López Sergio , Ribeiro Angela , García-Ripoll Juan José
Published: August 2021

We propose a new technique for the automatic generation of optimal ad-hoc ansätze for classification by using quantum support vector machine. This efficient method is based on non-sorted genetic algorithm II multiobjective genetic algorithms which allow both maximize the accuracy and minimize the ansatz size. It is demonstrated the validity of the technique by a practical example with a non-linear dataset, interpreting the resulting circuit and its outputs. We also show other application fields of the technique that reinforce the validity of the method, and a comparison with classical classifiers in order to understand the advantages of using quantum machine learning.
Burgeoning single atoms as new types of nanozymes and electrocatalysts for sensing, biomedicine and energy conversion
Authors: Xu Yun , Yin Hongyao , Xiao Fei
Published: August 2021

Single atom catalysts (SACs), featured by atomically-level distributed active sites on supports, provide an ideal platform in the fields of energy conversion, and mimic metalloprotease for bridging the gap between natural enzymes and single atom nanozymes by virtue of their maximum atom utilization efficiency, superior selectivity and outstanding catalytic performance. In this review, the recent progress in this field is reported from the perspectives of synthesis routes, which is also a prerequisite for catalytic investigation. Subsequently, we depict their applications in different sensing systems including electrochemical, colorimetric and photoactive sensing, as well as biomedicine such as disease therapy, antibacterial and cytoprotection to demonstrate their nanoenzymatic activity, and their promising applications in electrocatalysis such as water splitting, oxygen and CO2 reduction reaction are highlighted in more details. Finally, the current challenges and future outlooks of higher loading, more activity and stable in SACs are presented.
Toeplitz matrices acting on the ℓ²-space of an imprimitivity bimodule
Authors: Abadie Beatriz
Published: August 2021

We give a definition of Toeplitz matrix acting on the

ℓ
2

\ell ^2

-space of an imprimitivity bimodule

X
X

over a

C
∗

C^*

-algebra

A
A

. We characterize the set of Toeplitz matrices as the closure in a certain topology of the image of the left regular representation of the crossed product

A
⋊
X

A\rtimes X

.
Quasi-streamwise vortices and enhanced dissipation for incompressible 3D Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Jeong In-Jee , Yoneda Tsuyoshi
Published: August 2021

We consider the 3D incompressible Navier–Stokes equations under the following

2
+

1
2

2+\frac {1}{2}

-dimensional situation: vertical vortex blob (quasi-streamwise vortices) being stretched by two-dimensional shear flow. We prove enhanced dissipation induced by such quasi-streamwise vortices.
Dense lineability and algebrability of ℓ^{∞}∖𝑐₀
Authors: Papathanasiou Dimitris
Published: August 2021

We show that the set

ℓ

∞

∖

c
0

\ell ^{\infty }\setminus c_0

is maximal dense-lineable and densely strongly

c

\mathfrak {c}

-algebrable answering a question posed by Nestoridis and complementing a result by García-Pacheco, Martín and Seoane-Sepúlveda.
Slices of the parameter space of cubic polynomials
Authors: Blokh Alexander , Oversteegen Lex , Timorin Vladlen
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we study slices of the parameter space of cubic polynomials, up to affine conjugacy, given by a fixed value of the multiplier at a non-repelling fixed point. In particular, we study the location of the main cubioid in this parameter space. The main cubioid is the set of affine conjugacy classes of complex cubic polynomials that have certain dynamical properties generalizing those of polynomials

z
2

+
c

z^2+c

for

c
c

in the filled main cardioid.
The receptor subunit Tom20 is dynamically associated with the TOM complex in mitochondria of human cells
Authors: Bhagawati Maniraj , Arroum Tasnim , Webeling Niklas , Montoro Ayelén González , Mootz Henning D. , Busch Karin B.
Published: August 2021

The receptor Tom20 of the mitochondrial TOM complex is dynamically associated with the general import pore GIP. Single molecule tracking analysis identifies at least two subpopulations of Tom20. One Tom20 fraction is part of the trimeric TOM complex; the other is a freely diffusive Tom20 subpopulation, likely associated with VDAC.