bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anzaldúa and ‘the new mestiza’: A Chicana dives into collective identity
Authors: Henríquez-Betancor María
Published: November 2016

Author/s

María Henríquez-BetancorUniversidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain

 

ABSTRACT

In this article I analyze how Gloria Anzaldúa’s seventh essay in Borderlands/La Frontera:The New Mestiza, titled “La conciencia de la mestiza: Towards a New Consciousness”, condenses and portrays a development towards the mestiza consciousness presented in the first six essays in the book. This is a well-structured as well as fluid process in which each step guides us in a complex identity-building awareness. This process is an inner journey as well as an evolution in the public scene where the “new mestiza” has to revise and reinvent herself in several ways in order to acquire “the mestiza consciousness”. This essay is also a clear example in which Anzaldúa represents three voices: the “I”, the “we” and the “she”. These voices are one of Anzaldúa’s strategies for diving into what she understands as her collective identity as a Chicana and as a “new mestiza”. As will be shown in this article, the author moves among these voices for various purposes of identity-construction.
Wordarrows: The performative power of language in N. Scott Momaday’s non-fiction work
Authors: Brígido-Corachán Anna M.
Published: November 2016

Author/s

Anna M. Brígido-CorachánIULMA - Universitat de València, Spain

 

ABSTRACT

This article focuses on two non-fiction works by Native American author N. Scott Momaday: his 1969 historical memoir The Way to Rainy Mountain and his essay collection The Man Made of Words It specifically tackles performative conceptions of language in the Kiowa storytelling tradition, where words are experienced as speech acts that have the power to intervene in surrounding realities. Taking into account 20th century ethno-cultural and linguistic policies in the United States, the article also reflects on the role indigenous languages may play in contemporary Native American Literature, which has most often been written in English.
The use and abuse of language by a Chicano from Aztlán (both words unknown)
Authors: De León Nephtalí
Published: November 2016

When the rich steal from the poor it is called business,when the poor protest it is called violence.When the natives follow their millennial migrations across America,they are called undocumented illegal aliens.When the Europeans, invade, commit genocide and steal America,they call themselves immigrants and pilgrims.The united Nations and the Red Cross are concernedand sometimes respond to atrocities throughout the world,never to atrocities in the United States of Americaand its borderland wall of death more than 1000 miles long,so long the boundaries can be seen from outer space!
(In)compatibility of CLIL and ESP courses at university
Authors: González Ardeo Joseba M.
Published: November 2016

Author/s

Joseba M. González ArdeoUniversidad del País Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Spain

 

ABSTRACT

This paper deals with the current coexistence of ESP (English for Specific Purposes) and CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) courses in tertiary educational settings in the Basque Country. The University of the Basque Country (UBC) is immersed in an ongoing process of internationalization and, consequently, its language teachers are witnessing an unstoppable process of Anglicization. At present, and presumably in the medium and long term, institutional decisions will continue to support CLIL in preference to ESP. In order to analyse this process within the UBC, quantitative data about these two linguistic approaches are gathered and compared with data from 2005. A questionnaire aimed at gathering the opinions of engineering students who currently take both types of courses is also used as a source of qualitative data. The main conclusion of this exploratory study is that both types of courses seem to be compatible. However, language teachers, English-medium content teachers and students are facing a tough challenge, since neither of the two types of course is a panacea.
CLIL in Higher Education. Towards a Multilingual Language Policy
Authors: Smala Simone
Published: November 2016

Reviewed by Simone SmalaThe University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

 

Immaculada Fortanet-Gómez's monograph CLIL in Higher Education. Towards a Multilingual Language Policy is an impressive contribution to the growing literature on CLIL. Setting her research in higher education, and specifically at the Universitat Jaume I in Castelló in the Valencian Community autonomous region in Spain, the author opens a discourse on the role of second, additional and foreign languages as the media of instruction for tertiary settings. [...]
From the editors
Authors: Value Language
Published: November 2016

From the Editors

ADAPTING TO THE CEFR IN ELT: EVALUATION AND ASSESSMENT OF LANGUAGE COMPETENCE

This issue includes articles concerning different approaches to tackle the impact of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) on English Language Teaching (ELT) and assessment. Special attention is paid to the assessment of language competence in a higher education context. The use and impact of evaluation and assessment results is of paramount importance when these results are a prerequisite, for instance, to start postgraduate studies or to be able to ask for a job where a specific level is required.
Methodology for the process of validating qualifications in the Basque language and their adaptation to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR)
Authors: Pikabea Torrano Iñaki , Lukas Mujika José Francisco , Figueras Casanovas Neus
Published: November 2016

Author/s

Iñaki Pikabea TorranoJosé Francisco Lukas MujikaUniversidad del País Vasco, SpainNeus Figueras CasanovasGeneralitat de Catalunya, Spain

 

ABSTRACT

In the Basque Country there are currently more than 140,000 people with accredited qualifications that certify their knowledge of Euskara (Basque Language). These qualifications have been issued by a number of official bodies dependent on the Basque Government, but had not been validated against each other until recently.In order to validate these qualifications and adapt them to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, a group of experts were commissioned by the Basque Government to undertake a study conducive to this end. This paper outlines the methodology and conclusions of that study.
Comparing candidates’ beliefs and exam performance in speaking tests
Authors: Pérez-Guillot Cristina , Zabala-Delgado Julia
Published: November 2016

Author/s

Cristina Pérez-GuillotJulia Zabala-DelgadoUniversitat Politècnica de València, Spain

 

ABSTRACT

The development of a language exam is not a linear process but rather a round cycle in which, by using the test, we obtain information that will in turn be applied to improve each of the steps in the cycle. The goal of our study was to analyse students’ beliefs about their performance in the speaking section of a language proficiency exam and compare them with their actual results in the exam, in order to determine whether their beliefs were based on their actual level of competence or if they were based on other factors, such as anxiety or stress due to the particular characteristics of this section of the exam.
An Introduction to Interaction: Understanding Talk in Formal and Informal Settings
Authors: Lázaro Gutiérrez Raquel
Published: November 2016

Reviewed by Raquel Lázaro GutiérrezUniversidad de Alcalá, Spain

 

This textbook is a comprehensive guide for (mainly, but not only) linguistics, sociology, communication and even business students on the theories and research methodologies of conversation analysis. Based on ethnomethodology, a theoretical perspective of sociology which appeared in the 1960s and which explored how people create social order, social structure and situated action (Garfinkel 1967) through the direct observation of human behaviour, conversation analysis emerged in the 1980s as an approach to the study of talk in interaction. Sacks (1984), a graduate student who worked with Garfinkel, thought of talk as the ideal source of data to study human action, as it could be tape-recorded and carefully and repeatedly examined. The conversation analysis methodology was soon found useful for the study of a wide range of conversations (formal, informal, institutional, etc.) held for a great deal of different purposes and in diverse contexts (business, education, media, legal settings, etc.).
Changing Methodologies in TESOL
Authors: Martín Monje Elena
Published: November 2016

Reviewed by Elena Martín MonjeUniversidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Spain

 

This book offers an overview of key concepts related to TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages) and the methodological changes that this field has undergone in recent decades. The author states that the book “is aimed at the student, student teacher and practising teacher of TESOL interested in how the English language is experienced, taught and learnt in the twenty-first century worldwide” (p.1). This wide angle can be perceived in the numerous examples and case studies that populate the volume, making it a pleasant read.
Rotating waves during human sleep spindles organize global patterns of activity that repeat precisely through the night
Authors: Muller Lyle , Piantoni Giovanni , Koller Dominik , Cash Sydney S , Halgren Eric , Sejnowski Terrence J
Published: November 2016

During sleep, the thalamus generates a characteristic pattern of transient, 11-15 Hz sleep spindle oscillations, which synchronize the cortex through large-scale thalamocortical loops. Spindles have been increasingly demonstrated to be critical for sleep-dependent consolidation of memory, but the specific neural mechanism for this process remains unclear. We show here that cortical spindles are spatiotemporally organized into circular wave-like patterns, organizing neuronal activity over tens of milliseconds, within the timescale for storing memories in large-scale networks across the cortex via spike-time dependent plasticity. These circular patterns repeat over hours of sleep with millisecond temporal precision, allowing reinforcement of the activity patterns through hundreds of reverberations. These results provide a novel mechanistic account for how global sleep oscillations and synaptic plasticity could strengthen networks distributed across the cortex to store coherent and integrated memories.
Establishment and stability of the latent HIV-1 DNA reservoir
Authors: Brodin Johanna , Zanini Fabio , Thebo Lina , Lanz Christa , Bratt Göran , Neher Richard A , Albert Jan
Published: November 2016

HIV-1 infection cannot be cured because the virus persists as integrated proviral DNA in long-lived cells despite years of suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). In a previous paper (Zanini et al, 2015) we documented HIV-1 evolution in 10 untreated patients. Here we characterize establishment, turnover, and evolution of viral DNA reservoirs in the same patients after 3–18 years of suppressive ART. A median of 14% (range 0–42%) of the DNA sequences were defective due to G-to-A hypermutation. Remaining DNA sequences showed no evidence of evolution over years of suppressive ART. Most sequences from the DNA reservoirs were very similar to viruses actively replicating in plasma (RNA sequences) shortly before start of ART. The results do not support persistent HIV-1 replication as a mechanism to maintain the HIV-1 reservoir during suppressive therapy. Rather, the data indicate that DNA variants are turning over as long as patients are untreated and that suppressive ART halts this turnover.
Organization and function of Drosophila odorant binding proteins
Authors: Larter Nikki K , Sun Jennifer S , Carlson John R
Published: November 2016

Odorant binding proteins (Obps) are remarkable in their number, diversity, and abundance, yet their role in olfactory coding remains unclear. They are widely believed to be required for transporting hydrophobic odorants through an aqueous lymph to odorant receptors. We construct a map of the Drosophila antenna, in which the abundant Obps are mapped to olfactory sensilla with defined functions. The results lay a foundation for an incisive analysis of Obp function. The map identifies a sensillum type that contains a single abundant Obp, Obp28a. Surprisingly, deletion of the sole abundant Obp in these sensilla does not reduce the magnitude of their olfactory responses. The results suggest that this Obp is not required for odorant transport and that this sensillum does not require an abundant Obp. The results further suggest a novel role for this Obp in buffering changes in the odor environment, perhaps providing a molecular form of gain control.
Auxin production in the endosperm drives seed coat development in Arabidopsis
Authors: Figueiredo Duarte D , Batista Rita A , Roszak Pawel J , Hennig Lars , Köhler Claudia
Published: November 2016

In flowering plants, seed development is initiated by the fusion of the maternal egg and central cells with two paternal sperm cells, leading to the formation of embryo and endosperm, respectively. The fertilization products are surrounded by the maternally derived seed coat, whose development prior to fertilization is blocked by epigenetic regulators belonging to the Polycomb Group (PcG) protein family. Here we show that fertilization of the central cell results in the production of auxin and most likely its export to the maternal tissues, which drives seed coat development by removing PcG function. We furthermore show that mutants for the MADS-box transcription factor AGL62 have an impaired transport of auxin from the endosperm to the integuments, which results in seed abortion. We propose that AGL62 regulates auxin transport from the endosperm to the integuments, leading to the removal of the PcG block on seed coat development.
Sam68 promotes self-renewal and glycolytic metabolism in mouse neural progenitor cells by modulating Aldh1a3 pre-mRNA 3'-end processing
Authors: La Rosa Piergiorgio , Bielli Pamela , Compagnucci Claudia , Cesari Eleonora , Volpe Elisabetta , Farioli Vecchioli Stefano , Sette Claudio
Published: November 2016

The balance between self-renewal and differentiation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) dictates neurogenesis and proper brain development. We found that the RNA- binding protein Sam68 (Khdrbs1) is strongly expressed in neurogenic areas of the neocortex and supports the self-renewing potential of mouse NPCs. Knockout of Khdrbs1 constricted the pool of proliferating NPCs by accelerating their cell cycle exit and differentiation into post-mitotic neurons. Sam68 function was linked to regulation of Aldh1a3 pre-mRNA 3'-end processing. Binding of Sam68 to an intronic polyadenylation site prevents its recognition and premature transcript termination, favoring expression of a functional enzyme. The lower ALDH1A3 expression and activity in Khdrbs1-/- NPCs results in reduced glycolysis and clonogenicity, thus depleting the embryonic NPC pool and limiting cortical expansion. Our study identifies Sam68 as a key regulator of NPC self-renewal and establishes a novel link between modulation of ALDH1A3 expression and maintenance of high glycolytic metabolism in the developing cortex.
Current status of Ga2O3 power devices
Authors: Higashiwaki Masataka , Murakami Hisashi , Kumagai Yoshinao , Kuramata Akito
Published: November 2016

Gallium oxide (Ga2O3) is an emerging wide-bandgap semiconductor for high-power, low-loss transistors and diodes by virtue of its excellent material properties and suitability for mass production. In this paper, we begin by discussing the material properties of Ga2O3 that make it an attractive alternative to not only Si but also other wide-bandgap materials such as SiC and GaN. State-of-the-art Ga2O3-based devices that have been fabricated to date demonstrate the performance potential for power electronics applications.
Lithocholic acid induces endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction in human prostate cancer cells
Authors: Gafar Ahmed A. , Draz Hossam M. , Goldberg Alexander A. , Bashandy Mohamed A. , Bakry Sayed , Khalifa Mahmoud A. , AbuShair Walid , Titorenko Vladimir I. , Sanderson J. Thomas
Published: November 2016

Lithocholic acid (LCA) is a secondary bile acid that is selectively toxic to human neuroblastoma, breast and prostate cancer cells, whilst sparing normal cells. We previously reported that LCA inhibited cell viability and proliferation and induced apoptosis and necrosis of androgen-dependent LNCaP and androgen-independent PC-3 human prostate cancer cells. In the present study, we investigated the roles of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, autophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction in the toxicity of LCA in PC-3 and autophagy deficient, androgen-independent DU-145 cells. LCA induced ER stress-related proteins, such as CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), and the phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2-alpha (p-eIF2α) and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (p-JNK) in both cancer cell-types. The p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) and B cell lymphoma-like protein 11 (BIM) levels were decreased at overtly toxic LCA concentrations, although PUMA levels increased at lower LCA concentrations in both cell lines. LCA induced autophagy-related conversion of microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3BI–LC3BII), and autophagy-related protein ATG5 in PC-3 cells, but not in autophagy-deficient DU-145 cells. LCA (>10 µM) increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration-dependently in PC-3 cells, whereas ROS levels were not affected in DU-145 cells. Salubrinal, an inhibitor of eIF2αdephosphorylation and ER stress, reduced LCA-induced CHOP levels slightly in PC-3, but not DU-145 cells. Salubrinal pre-treatment increased the cytotoxicity of LCA in PC-3 and DU-145 cells and resulted in a statistically significant loss of cell viability at normally non-toxic concentrations of LCA. The late-stage autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin A1 exacerbated LCA toxicity at subtoxic LCA concentrations in PC-3 cells. The antioxidantα-tocotrienol strongly inhibited the toxicity of LCA in PC-3 cells, but not in DU-145 cells. Collectively, although LCA induces autophagy and ER stress in PC-3 cells, these processes appear to be initially of protective nature and subsequently consequential to, but not critical for the ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and cytotoxicity of LCA. The full mechanism of LCA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cytotoxicity in the similarly sensitive DU-145 cells remains to be elucidated.
Zebra mussel beds: an effective feeding ground for Ponto-Caspian gobies or suitable shelter for their prey?
Authors: Kobak Jarosław , Poznańska Małgorzata , Jermacz Łukasz , Kakareko Tomasz , Prądzynski Daniel , Łodygowska Małgorzata , Montowska Karolina , Bącela-Spychalska Karolina
Published: November 2016

Aggregations of the Ponto-Caspian invasive zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) constitute a suitable habitat for macroinvertebrates, considerably increasing their abundance and providing effective antipredator protection. Thus, the overall effect of a mussel bed on particular predator species may vary from positive to negative, depending on both prey density increase and predator ability to prey in a structurally complex habitat. Alien Ponto-Caspian goby fish are likely to be facilitated when introduced into new areas by zebra mussels, provided that they are capable of utilizing mussel beds as habitat and feeding grounds. We ran laboratory experiments to find which prey (chironomid larvae) densities (from ca. 500 to 2,000 individuals m−2) in a mussel bed make it a more beneficial feeding ground for the racer gobyBabka gymnotrachelus(RG) and western tubenose gobyProterorhinus semilunaris(WTG) compared to sandy and stone substrata (containing the basic prey density of 500 ind. m−2). Moreover, we checked how food availability affects habitat selection by fish. Mussel beds became more suitable for fish than alternative mineral substrata when food abundance was at least two times higher (1,000 vs. 500 ind. m−2), regardless of fish size and species. WTG was associated with mussel beds regardless of its size and prey density, whereas RG switched to this habitat when it became a better feeding ground than alternative substrata. Larger RG exhibited a stronger affinity for mussels than small individuals. WTG fed more efficiently from a mussel bed at high food abundances than RG. A literature review has shown that increasing chironomid density, which in our study was sufficient to make a mussel habitat an attractive feeding ground for the gobies, is commonly observed in mussel beds in the field. Therefore, we conclude that zebra mussels may positively affect the alien goby species and are likely to facilitate their establishment in novel areas, contributing to an invasional meltdown in the Ponto-Caspian invasive community.
The scavenger receptor repertoire in six cnidarian species and its putative role in cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis
Authors: Neubauer Emilie F. , Poole Angela Z. , Weis Virginia M. , Davy Simon K.
Published: November 2016

Many cnidarians engage in a mutualism with endosymbiotic photosynthetic dinoflagellates that forms the basis of the coral reef ecosystem. Interpartner interaction and regulation includes involvement of the host innate immune system. Basal metazoans, including cnidarians have diverse and complex innate immune repertoires that are just beginning to be described. Scavenger receptors (SR) are a diverse superfamily of innate immunity genes that recognize a broad array of microbial ligands and participate in phagocytosis of invading microbes. The superfamily includes subclades named SR-A through SR-I that are categorized based on the arrangement of sequence domains including the scavenger receptor cysteine rich (SRCR), the C-type lectin (CTLD) and the CD36 domains. Previous functional and gene expression studies on cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis have implicated SR-like proteins in interpartner communication and regulation. In this study, we characterized the SR repertoire from a combination of genomic and transcriptomic resources from six cnidarian species in the Class Anthozoa. We combined these bioinformatic analyses with functional experiments using the SR inhibitor fucoidan to explore a role for SRs in cnidarian symbiosis and immunity. Bioinformatic searches revealed a large diversity of SR-like genes that resembled SR-As, SR-Bs, SR-Es and SR-Is. SRCRs, CTLDs and CD36 domains were identified in multiple sequences in combinations that were highly homologous to vertebrate SRs as well as in proteins with novel domain combinations. Phylogenetic analyses of CD36 domains of the SR-B-like sequences from a diversity of metazoans grouped cnidarian with bilaterian sequences separate from other basal metazoans. All cnidarian sequences grouped together with moderate support in a subclade separately from bilaterian sequences. Functional experiments were carried out on the sea anemone Aiptasia pallida that engages in a symbiosis with Symbiodinium minutum (clade B1). Experimental blocking of the SR ligand binding site with the inhibitor fucoidan reduced the ability of S. minutum to colonize A. pallida suggesting that host SRs play a role in host-symbiont recognition. In addition, incubation of symbiotic anemones with fucoidan elicited an immune response, indicating that host SRs function in immune modulation that results in host tolerance of the symbionts.
A transcriptomic landscape of human papillomavirus 16 E6‐regulated gene expression and splicing events
Authors: Xu Junfen , Fang Yifeng , Qin Jiale , Chen Xiaojing , Liang Xiao , Xie Xing , Lu Weiguo
Published: November 2016

The oncoprotein E6 of high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for the initiation and progression of cervical cancer. In the present study, we performed RNA‐sequencing analysis in HPV16 E6‐expressing 293T cells and identified 56 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and a number of cellular pathways significantly affected. We confirmed nine of these DEGs in both cell models and clinical tissue samples. Furthermore, we performed de novo transcriptome assembly of 1128 novel human transcripts and identified 22 that are differentially expressed in the presence of HPV16 E6. In addition, our analysis revealed distinct alternative splicing events in response to HPV16 E6 expression. Overall, the present study provides a comprehensive portrait of transcriptional and splicing signatures, as well as previously unknown genes differentially expressed in response to HPV16 E6, which prompts the need for a complete annotation of the HPV16 E6‐regulated transcriptome.
River‐discharge dynamics in the Southern Central Andes and the 1976–77 global climate shift
Authors: Castino F. , Bookhagen B. , Strecker M. R.
Published: November 2016

Recent studies have shown that the 1976–77 global climate shift strongly affected the South American climate. In our study, we observed a link between this climate shift and river‐discharge variability in the subtropical Southern Central Andes. We analyzed the daily river‐discharge time series between 1940 and 1999 from small to medium mountain drainage basins (102–104 km2) across a steep climatic and topographic gradient. We document that the discharge frequency distribution changed significantly, with higher percentiles exhibiting more pronounced trends. A change point between 1971 and 1977 marked an intensification of the hydrological cycle, which resulted in increased river discharge. In the upper Rio Bermejo basin of the northernmost Argentine Andes, the mean annual discharge increased by 40% over 7 years. Our findings are important for flood risk management in areas impacted by the 1976–77 climate shift; discharge frequency distribution analysis provides important insights into the variability of the hydrological cycle in the Andean realm.
Three years of concentric gravity wave variability in the mesopause as observed by IMAP/VISI
Authors: Perwitasari S. , Sakanoi T. , Nakamura T. , Ejiri M. K. , Tsutsumi M. , Tomikawa Y. , Otsuka Y. , Yamazaki A. , Saito A.
Published: November 2016

We report a statistical study on concentric gravity waves (CGWs) in the mesopause (~95 km) using 3 years nightglow data obtained by Ionosphere, Mesosphere, upper Atmosphere and Plasmasphere/Visible and near‐Infrared Spectral Imager. The 235 CGWs events were found with horizontal wavelength ranging from 40 to 250 km and maximum radius of 200 to 3000 km. The latitudinal distribution of the CGWs centers had peaks in mid latitude (40°N and 40°S) and minimum at low latitudes (10°S). More events were found in the summer hemisphere midlatitudes, with a rapid transition between northern and Southern Hemisphere around the equinoxes. The occurrence probability was significantly higher during nonsolstice months (February–May and August–November) than solstice months (June–July and December–January), suggesting that there was a little breaking or critical level absorption so the waves could reach the mesopause more often during these periods. The global distribution showed several preferable regions but very few events over tropical convective regions.
Spatially and temporally systematic hydrologic changes within large geoengineered landslides, Cromwell Gorge, New Zealand, induced by multiple regional earthquakes
Authors: O'Brien Grant A. , Cox Simon C. , Townend John
Published: November 2016

Geoengineered groundwater systems within seven large (23 × 104–9 × 106 m2), deep‐seated (40–300 m), previously slow‐creep (2–5 mm/yr.) schist landslides in the Cromwell Gorge responded systematically to 11 large (Mw > 6.2) earthquakes at epicentral distances of 130–630 km between 1990 and 2013. Landslide groundwater is strongly compartmentalized and often overpressured, with permeability of 10−17 to 10−13 m2 and flow occurring primarily through fracture and crush zones, hindered by shears containing clayey gouge. Hydrological monitoring recorded earthquake‐induced meter‐ or centimeter‐scale changes in groundwater levels (at 22 piezometers) and elevated drainage discharge (at 11 V notch weirs). Groundwater level changes exhibited consistent characteristics at all monitoring sites, with time to peak‐pressure changes taking ~1 month and recovery lasting 0.7–1.2 years. Changes in weir flow rate near instantaneous (peaking 0–6 h after earthquakes) and followed by recession lasting ~1 month. Responses at each site were systematic from one earthquake to another in terms of duration, polarity, and amplitude. Consistent patterns in amplitude and duration have been compared between sites and with earthquake parameters (peak ground acceleration (PGA), seismic energy density (e), shaking duration, frequency bandwidth, and site amplitude). Shaking at PGA ~0.27% g and e ~ 0.21 J m−3 induced discernable gorge‐wide hydrological responses at thresholds comparable to other international examples. Groundwater level changes modeled using a damped harmonic oscillator characterize the ability of the system to resist and recover from extrinsic perturbations. The observed character of response reflects spectral characteristics as well as energy. Landslide hydrological systems appear most susceptible to damage and hydraulic changes when earthquakes emit broad‐frequency, long‐duration, high‐amplitude ground motion.
The effects of environmental resource and security on aggressive behavior
Authors: Ng Henry Kin Shing , Chow Tak Sang
Published: November 2016

Exposure to different environments has been reported to change aggressive behavior, but previous research did not consider the underlying elements that caused such an effect. Based on previous work on environmental perception, we examined the role of environmental resource and security in altering aggression level. In three experiments, participants were exposed to environments that varied in resource (High vs. Low) and security (High vs. Low) levels, after which aggression was measured. The environments were presented through visual priming (Experiments 1–2) and a first‐person gameplay (Experiment 3). We observed a consistent resource‐security interaction effect on aggression, operationalized as the level of noise blast (Experiment 1) and number of unpleasant pictures (Experiments 2–3) delivered to strangers by the participants. High resource levels associated with higher aggression in insecure conditions, but lower aggression in secure conditions. The findings suggest that the adaptive value of aggression varies under different environmental constraints. Implications are discussed in terms of the effects of adverse environments on aggression, and the nature's effects on social behavior. Aggr. Behav. 43:304–314, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigation of natural convection heat transfer in a unique scaled‐down dual‐channel facility
Authors: Said Ibrahim A. , Taha Mahmoud M. , Usman Shoaib , Woods Brian G. , Al‐Dahhan Muthanna H.
Published: November 2016

Multiphase Reactors Engineering and Applications Laboratory (mReal) has designed and constructed a scaled‐down dual‐channel facility to investigate plenum‐to‐plenum natural circulation heat transfer through two channels for coolant flow that would be encountered during a loss of flow accident in the prismatic modular reactor (PMR). Heat transfer characterization of the current facility has been investigated under different upper plenum and cooled channel outer surface temperatures using sophisticated flush mounted heat transfer sensors. Results show a reduction in the values of local heat‐transfer coefficient and Nusselt number along the heated channel with increasing outer surface temperatures. One significant observation was the heat transfer reversal close to heated channel exit, where the heat flows from gas to the channel wall. This flow reversal is attributed to recirculation at the heated channel exit to the upper plenum. The average heat transfer results, when compared with previous literature, showed a similar qualitative trend. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 387–396, 2017
Nitrone Directing Groups in Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed C−H Activation of Arenes: 1,3‐Dipoles versus Traceless Directing Groups
Authors: Xie Fang , Yu Songjie , Qi Zisong , Li Xingwei
Published: November 2016

Functionalizable directing groups (DGs) are highly desirable in C−H activation chemistry. The nitrone DGs are explored in rhodium(III)‐catalyzed C−H activation of arenes and couplings with cyclopropenones. N‐tert‐butyl nitrones bearing a small ortho substituent coupled to afford 1‐naphthols, where the nitrone acts as a traceless DG. In contrast, coupling of N‐tert‐butyl nitrones bearing a bulky ortho group follows a C−H acylation/[3+2] dipolar addition pathway to give bicyclics. The coupling of N‐arylnitrones follows the same acylation/[3+2] addition process but delivers different bicyclics.
Quantitative Evaluation of Normal Aqueductal Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow Using Phase‐Contrast Cine MRI According to Age and Sex
Authors: Oner Zulal , Sagіr Kahraman Aysegul , Kose Evren , Oner Serkan , Kavaklі Ahmet , Cay Mahmut , Ozbag Davut
Published: November 2016

The aim of this study was cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow quantification in the cerebral aqueduct using phase‐contrast cine magnetic resonance ımaging (PCC‐MRI) according to both sexes and three different age groups to obtain normative data. Seventy two volunteers with no cerebral pathology were included in this study. Subjects were divided into three age groups: 20–34 years, 35–49 years, and 50–65 years including equal gender groups. CSF flow's quantitatively evaluation was performed with images that were obtained by 1.5 T Magnetic Resonance (MR) unit from cerebral aqueduct level on the semi‐axial plan. Between groups, peak velocity (cm sec−1), average velocity (cm/s), forward volume (mL), reverse volume (mL), net forward volume (mL), and average flow over range (ml/min) values of current flowing through aqueduct and average aqueductal areas were compared. There were no statistically significant differences in CSF flow parameters among different age groups and between sexes (P > 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in average cerebral aqueduct area between the age group of 50–65 years and the other age groups (P = 0.002). The average aqueductal area was higher in the age group of 50–65 years. Normal aqueductal CSF flow parameters evaluated with PCC‐MRI don't show a significant difference by age and sex. We have achieved the lower and upper values of these parameters would be useful in future clinical studies. The size of aqueductal area may also be explained by atrophy‐dependent ventricular system dilatation in the elderly. Anat Rec, 300:549–555, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long‐term clinical and angiographic outcomes of percutanenous coronary intervention with everolimus‐eluting stents for the treatment of cardiac allograft vasculopathy
Authors: Cheng Richard , Vanichsarn Christopher , Patel Jignesh K. , Currier Jesse , Chang David H. , Kittleson Michelle M. , Makkar Raj , Kobashigawa Jon A. , Azarbal Babak
Published: November 2016

Background

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with bare‐metal and first‐generation drug‐eluting stents (DES) for cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is associated with unexpectedly high restenosis rates and target lesion revascularization (TLR). Long‐term outcomes of stenting for CAV using second‐generation everolimus‐eluting stents (EES) are not established.

Objective

To evaluate clinical and angiographic outcomes of CAV stenting with EES.

Methods

Patients who underwent PCI with EES for CAV were studied. Surveillance angiography was performed at 6–12 months post‐PCI and as indicated. Patient survival, freedom from MACE, binary restenosis, TLR, target vessel revascularization (TVR), and non‐TVR are reported.

Results

One‐hundred and thirty two EES were placed in 113 discrete lesions in 48 patients. Pre‐PCI stenosis was 82.1 ± 12.4%, and average stent length and diameter were 16.9 ± 5.7 and 3.0 ± 0.6 mm, respectively. Mean follow‐up was 30.7 ± 18.8 months. Time from transplantation to PCI was 9.9 ± 5.1 years. Post‐PCI survival at 1 (93.5 ± 3.6%), 2 (91.0 ± 4.3%), and 3 years (83.8 ± 6.3%), and freedom from MACE (87.2 ± 4.9%, 82.3 ± 5.7%, 75.8 ± 6.9%) were high. Binary restenosis at 1 (3.0 ± 1.7%), 2 (6.9 ± 3.2%), and 3 years (10.0 ± 4.3%) mirrored expected rates with EES use in native CAD. One‐, two‐, and three‐year rates of TLR (5.1 ± 2.5%, 14.3 ± 4.6%, and 21.2 ± 6.3%), TVR (17.1 ± 4.5%, 39.0 ± 6.9%, and 46.2 ± 7.8%), and NTVR (26.3 ± 5.4%, 55.4 ± 7.0%, and 58.0 ± 7.0%) remain high. Diabetes was associated with an increased hazard ratio for binary restenosis 6.084 (95% CI 1.271–29.133, P = 0.024).

Conclusions

PCI strategy using EES in the treatment of CAV was associated with a low binary restenosis rate, a high survival rate, and a high rate of freedom from MACE. However, at 3 years, TLR and TVR rates appeared similar to rates observed with first‐generation DES. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intramolecular Parallel [4+3] Cycloadditions of Cyclopropane 1,1‐Diesters with [3]Dendralenes: Efficient Construction of [5.3.0]Decane and Corresponding Polycyclic Skeletons
Authors: Zhang Chi , Tian Jun , Ren Jun , Wang Zhongwen
Published: November 2016

Aiming to develop efficient and general strategies for construction of complex and diverse polycyclic skeletons, we have successfully developed [4+3]IMPC (intramolecular parallel cycloaddition) of cyclopropane 1,1‐diesters with [3]dendralenes. With a combination of the [4+3]IMPC and subsequent [4+n] cycloadditions, trans‐[5.3.0]decane skeleton and its corresponding structurally complex and diverse polycyclic variants could be constructed efficiently. This novel [4+3] cycloaddition reaction mode of donor–acceptor cyclopropanes proceeds as a result of the ring‐strain relief of a trans‐[3.3.0]octane. We strongly believe that the developed methods will demonstrate potential applications in natural products synthesis and drug discovery.
Colour meaning and context
Authors: Won Seahwa , Westland Stephen
Published: November 2016

This study compares semantic ratings of colour samples (chips) with those of the same colours applied to a variety of objects. In total, 25 participants took part in the colour‐meaning experiment, and assessed 54 images using five semantic scales. In Experiment 1, simplified images (coloured silhouettes) were used whereas in Experiment 2 real images were used. In this article, the terms “chip meaning” and “context meaning” are used for convenience. Chip meaning refers to the associated meanings when only isolated colour chips were evaluated while context meaning refers to colour meanings evaluated when colours were applied to a variety of product categories. Analyses were performed on the data for the two experiments individually. The results of Experiment 1 show relatively few significant differences (28%) between chip meaning and context meaning. However, differences were found for a number of colours, objects, and semantic scales i.e., red and black; hand wash and medicine; and masculine‐feminine and elegant‐vulgar. The results of Experiment 2 show more significant differences (43%) between chip meaning and context meaning. In summary, the context sometimes affects the colour meaning; however, the degree to which colour meanings are invariant to context is perhaps slightly surprising. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 42, 450–459, 2017
An experimental and CFD study on gas flow field distribution in the growth process of multi‐walled carbon nanotube arrays by thermal chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Li Mingjie , Xu Zhaopeng , Li Zhaobin , Chen Yan , Guo Jingwei , Huo Huimei , Zhou Hangyu , Huangfu Huichao , Cao Zehui , Wang Haiyan
Published: November 2016

Multi‐walled carbon nanotube arrays (MWCNTAs) were grown by thermal chemical vapor deposition (TCVD) in a horizontal furnace reactor. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results show that MWCNTAs grown on the bottom and the central of the quartz tube are different in one experiment. Moreover, the MWCNTAs grown on the central position are more aligned and longer than those on the bottom. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was employed to investigate the gas flow field impact on the MWCNTAs growth. The results show that gas circulations appear after carrier gas and carbon source are injected into the quartz tube. Because of the existence of gas circulations, the gas flow field at the central of the quartz tube is more stable, which is conducive to the growth of MWCNTAs. The CFD simulation results match well with the experimental data.
Children of parents with BED have more eating behavior disturbance than children of parents with obesity or healthy weight
Authors: Lydecker Janet A. , Grilo Carlos M.
Published: November 2016

Objective

A limited literature suggests an association between parental eating disorders and child eating‐disorder behaviors although this research has focused primarily on restrictive‐type eating disorders and very little is known about families with binge‐eating disorder (BED).

Methods

The current study focused on parents (N = 331; 103 fathers and 226 mothers), comparing parents with core features of BED (n = 63) to parents with obesity and no eating disorder (OB; n = 85) and parents with healthy‐weight and no eating disorder (HW; n = 183).

Results

Parents with BED were significantly more likely than OB and HW parents to report child binge eating, and more likely than HW parents to report child overeating. Parents with BED felt greater responsibility for child feeding than OB parents, and felt more concern about their child's weight than OB and HW parents. Dietary restriction of the child by the parents was related to child binge eating, overeating, and child overweight, and parental group was related to child binge eating (parental BED), overeating (parental BED), and child weight (parental OB).

Discussion

Parents with BED report greater disturbance in their children's eating than OB and HW parents, and OB parents report higher child weight than HW parents. This suggests that it is important to consider both eating‐disorder psychopathology and obesity in clinical interventions and research. Our cross‐sectional findings, which require experimental and prospective confirmations, provide preliminary evidence suggesting potential factors in families with parental BED and obesity to address in treatment and prevention efforts for pediatric eating disorders and obesity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:648–656)
Differences in analgesic use in community‐dwelling persons with and without Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Hamina A. , Taipale H. , Tanskanen A. , Tolppanen A.‐M. , Tiihonen J. , Hartikainen S.
Published: November 2016

Background

There are conflicting findings about analgesic use among persons with cognitive impairment compared to cognitively intact older persons. The objective of our study was to investigate the prevalence of analgesic use in community‐dwelling persons with and without Alzheimer's disease (AD), within six months after AD diagnosis and to find out factors associated with the use of analgesics and specific analgesic groups.

Method

We utilized data from register based MEDALZ (Medication use and Alzheimer's disease) cohort consisting of all community‐dwelling persons diagnosed with AD during 2005–2011 in Finland and their matched comparison persons without AD. Altogether, 67,215 persons with AD and one comparison person for each case were included. Drug use data were collected from the Prescription Register and comorbidities from Special Reimbursement and Hospital Discharge Registers.

Results

Statistically significant (p < 0.001) yet mostly small differences were found for analgesics use: analgesics were used by 34.9% and 33.5% of persons with and without AD, respectively. Paracetamol was the most frequently used analgesic both among persons with (25.0%) and without AD (19.1%). Persons with AD used less frequently NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti‐inflammatory Drugs) (13.2% vs. 17.3%) and mild opioids (5.0% vs. 7.1%), while the use of strong opioids was more common in comparison to persons without AD (1.3% vs. 1.1%, respectively). Analgesic users were more likely women, aged ≥80 years, had asthma/COPD, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, hip fracture, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and lower socioeconomic position.

Conclusion

Further studies are needed to evaluate the adequateness of pain relief in older persons with and without AD.

Significance

Persons with Alzheimer's disease (AD) used more frequently paracetamol and less frequently NSAIDs and mild opioids. A decreasing trend of NSAID use was observed among persons with AD during the study period.
Capillary electrophoresis inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry combined with metal tag for ultrasensitively determining trace saxitoxin in seafood
Authors: He Ye , Mo Fan , Chen Danlong , Xu LiangJun , Wu Yongning , Fu FengFu
Published: November 2016

As one of paralytic shellfish toxins, the saxitoxin (STX) in the aqueous environment can be accumulated by most shellfish, and thus harms human health through the food chain. Therefore, it is crucial to determine trace STX in seafood samples in order to ensure the safety of seafood consumption. In this study, we developed a novel indirect method for ultrasensitively determining trace STX in seafood by using CE‐ICP‐MS together with Eu3+ chelate labeling. We demonstrated that diethylenetriamine‐N,N,N′,N″,N″‐pentaacetic acid (DTPA) can couple with STX and simultaneously chelate with Eu3+ to realize metallic labeling of STX, and thus realize the ultrasensitive quantification of trace STX with CE‐ICP‐MS. The proposed method has strong antiinterference ability, good stability, and extremely high sensitivity. It could be used to determine trace STX in seafood samples with an extremely low detection limit of 0.38 fmol (3.8×10−9 M, 100 nL sample injection) and a relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 5) <7%. The success of this study provides an alternative to precise quantification of ultra‐trace STX in seafood samples, and further expands the application of ICP‐MS.
Predicting externalizing and prosocial behaviors in children from parental use of corporal punishment
Authors: Piché Geneviève , Huỳnh Christophe , Clément Marie‐Ève , Durrant Joan E.
Published: November 2016

This study examined whether parental corporal punishment (CP) was associated with children's externalizing and prosocial behaviors 2 years later. The potential moderating effects of child temperament, maternal depression, and parenting skills were explored. Also, exploratory analyses of these associations were conducted according to the children's gender. Data from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (n = 1,686 children) were analyzed using ordinary least‐squares regression models. CP at 41 months was associated with boys' and girls' physical aggression and conduct problems at age five. Positive parenting skills moderated boys' conduct problems in the absence of CP. Parenting skills and maternal depressive symptoms moderated girls' prosocial behaviors in the absence of CP. Early experiences of CP are associated with negative developmental outcomes 2 years later. The implementation of parenting programs targeting a reduction in CP is recommended.

Highlights

Research question: Does spanking or hitting a child when he misbehaves influence children's externalizing and prosocial behaviors?

Data from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development were analyzed. Early spanking or hitting was associated with boys' and girls' physical aggression and conduct problems at age 5. Early experiences of spanking and hitting are associated with negative developmental outcomes.

The implementation of parenting programs targeting a reduction in these parenting practices is recommended.