bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk management of manufacturing multinational corporations: the moderating effects of international asset dispersion and supply chain integration
Authors: Hu Wenjin , Shou Yongyi , Kang Mingu , Park Youngwon
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the contingencies of supply chain risk management (SCRM) in manufacturing multinational corporations (MNCs) by exploring the moderating role of international asset dispersion in the performance effect of SCRM, as well as the counteraction effect of supply chain integration (SCI).

Design/methodology/approach

Multi-country survey data from a sample of 378 responses collected by the sixth round International Manufacturing Strategy Survey were analyzed. Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to test the proposed hypotheses.

Findings

The results demonstrate that SCRM improves the operational effectiveness of manufacturing MNCs but this performance effect is attenuated by international asset dispersion. Nevertheless, external integration can counteract the negative effect of international asset dispersion and ensure the efficacy of SCRM practices.

Practical implications

The results of this study provide suggestions for supply chain managers of manufacturing MNCs to better conduct SCRM practices under the condition of dispersed international assets. Besides, supply chain managers can leverage external integration to ensure the efficacy of SCRM practices.

Originality/value

Although there are plenty of studies on the relationship between SCRM and operational performance, prior findings are inconsistent. This study sheds light on the SCRM-operational performance relationship by considering how a manufacturing MNC’s international asset dispersion can influence the efficacy of SCRM practices and how SCI can attenuate the negative effect of international asset dispersion.
Assessing the role of dynamic capabilities in local food distribution: a theory-elaboration study
Authors: Gruchmann Tim , Seuring Stefan , Petljak Kristina
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The food industry and its distribution solutions often lie at the center of sustainability-related arguments. However, little is known about the dynamic role of business capabilities for sustainable transformations in the context of local food distribution. Accordingly, this study aims to investigate how dynamic capabilities drive sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) business practices in short food supply chains (SFSCs) through the professionalization and expansion of online distribution channels.

Design/methodology/approach

The present study analyzes sustainability-related practices at six online distribution channels selling local food products in Germany and Austria. By applying a cross-case study and theory-elaboration approach, the study analyzes empirical data derived from these businesses and provides insights into how dynamic capabilities can facilitate SSCM practices within SFSCs. Hereby, potential pathways for a sustainable transformation in this industry context are deduced through abductive reasoning.

Findings

The empirical findings provide evidence that supply chain orientation, coordination, innovation practices and strategies are highly relevant for SFSCs seeking to reach upscaling effects in regional markets. However, because SFSCs may not be able to reach mass markets without weakening their own sustainability performance, the present study recommends addressing sustainability inefficiencies in the region and developing further expansion potentials through replication in other regions. In this approach, related and necessary SSCM dynamic capabilities were identified and validated based on the empirical findings.

Originality/value

Although SFSCs include sustainability aspects at their core – particularly regarding resource usage, environmental friendliness and social-standard assurance – missing distribution-related capabilities limit growth such that these businesses often remain in a niche. To address this issue, the study builds on dynamic capabilities theory by identifying and describing core SSCM practices and capabilities; moreover, this study is among the first to elaborate empirically on the use of dynamic capabilities theory in this specific industry context.
Health‐related quality of life, service utilization and costs of low language: A systematic review
Authors: Le Ha N. D. , Le Long K. D. , Nguyen Phuong K. , Mudiyanselage Shalika B. , Eadie Patricia , Mensah Fiona , Sciberras Emma , Gold Lisa
Published: September 2019

Background

Low language (LL) is a common childhood condition affecting 7–17% of children. It is associated with life‐long adverse outcomes and can affect various aspects of a child's life. However, the literature on its impact on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), service use and costs are limited. To date, there has been no systematic review of the overall economic burden of LL. A systematic review regarding the economic burden of LL is important for clinical, educational, policy decision‐making and theoretical aspects. We adopted the term ‘low language’ to refer to children whose language performance falls below well‐recognized cut‐points regardless of known or unknown aetiology.

Aims

To review the literature systematically on how LL is associated with HRQoL, service utilization and costs.

Methods & Procedures

A systematic search was conducted across various databases, including MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, up to July 2017. Data on study design, population and outcomes were extracted and screened by two pairs of reviewers with the revision of other experts in the panel on any discrepancies. The Effective Public Health Practice Project tool was used to assess the risk of bias of the included studies. The findings of the included studies were summarized in a narrative synthesis.

Outcomes & Results

We identified 22 relevant articles, of which 12 reported HRQoL and 11 reported service utilization and costs associated with LL. Preference‐based instruments, which include the relative importance attached to different aspects of HRQoL, were less employed in the literature. Most studies found poorer HRQoL in children with LL compared with their peers. About half the families having children with LL did not actively seek professional help, and many families felt they did not receive sufficient services when needed. Healthcare costs associated with LL were substantial. Non‐healthcare costs were largely unexplored.

Conclusions & Implications

LL was associated with reduced children's HRQoL, higher service use and costs. Under‐servicing was evident in children with LL. LL also imposed large costs on the healthcare system. Further research is required to examine (1) the overall HRQoL of children with LL, in particular studies using and testing the performance of preference‐based instruments; and (2) the service use and costs specific to LL, especially non‐healthcare costs.
Short‐selling and cost of equity: evidence from China
Authors: Hu Ning , Lu Siqi , Ma Tao , Ye Jianfang
Published: September 2019

In this study, we take advantage of the gradual lifting of the short‐selling ban in China and find that firms affected by the lifting of the ban experience a lower cost of equity. In addition, the affected firms also incur less earnings management, higher market liquidity and higher investment efficiency. Further evidence shows that firms’ cost of equity increases after their stocks are no longer eligible for short selling. Our inferences are robust to alternative measures of cost of equity, and to using a propensity score‐matched sample. Our study contributes to the literature by providing evidence that short sellers play a monitoring role in the Chinese stock markets and sheds light on the benefits of short selling in emerging markets.
Root canal filling quality of mandibular molars with EndoSequence BC and AH Plus sealers: A micro‐CT study
Authors: Roizenblit Rafael Nigri , Soares Fabiola Ormiga , Lopes Ricardo Tadeu , dos Santos Bernardo Camargo , Gusman Heloisa
Published: September 2019

The aim of this study was to compare, by micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) analysis, the obturation quality of two filling methods: the single‐cone technique with the bioceramic EndoSequence BC sealer and the continuous wave technique with the resin‐based AH Plus sealer. Twenty mandibular molars were divided into two groups (n = 10) according to the sealer used. Only the mesial roots, which are known to have mostly two canals, were used. The specimens were scanned before and after instrumentation and after obturation. Root canal volume after instrumentation and filling volume were calculated to obtain the percentage volumes of filling, voids and gaps. All specimens presented final volumes that were smaller than the initial volumes (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between groups for filling volume, voids and gaps (P > 0.05). Using two filling methods, EndoSequence BC and AH Plus promoted a similar root filling quality in mesial roots of mandibular molars. Neither sealer was able to fill the root canal system completely.
Efficacy of a new blood pressure monitor (inflationary non‐invasive blood pressure, iNIBP™): a randomised controlled study
Authors: Takahashi K. , Asai T. , Okuda Y.
Published: September 2019

The inflationary non‐invasive blood pressure monitor (iNIBP™) uses a new measurement method, whereby the cuff is slowly inflated whilst simultaneously sensing oscillations, to determine the diastolic blood pressure first and then the systolic pressure. It may measure blood pressure more quickly than the conventional non‐invasive blood pressure monitor. We studied 66 patients undergoing general anaesthesia, comparing the time taken to measure the blood pressure between the two monitors at times when there were marked changes (increases or decreases by 30 mmHg or greater) in the systolic blood pressure. The median (IQR) [range]) time was significantly longer for the non‐invasive blood pressure monitor (38.8 (31.5–44.7) [18.0–130.0] s) than for the iNIBP (14.6 (13.7–16.4) [11.5–35.5] s), p = 0.001, 95%CI for difference 22–25 s). We also studied 30 volunteers to evaluate the accuracy of the iNIBP, comparing it with the mercury sphygmomanometer. There was good agreement between the two monitors, with a mean difference of 0 (95% limit of agreement −12 to 11) mmHg for the systolic blood pressure. We also compared the degree of pain during cuff inflation between the automated non‐invasive blood pressure and iNIBP monitors. Pain was significantly more for the non‐invasive blood pressure monitor (22 of 30 volunteers had less pain with the iNIBP). We have shown that the iNIBP measured the blood pressure quicker than the conventional non‐invasive blood pressure monitor and the speed of measurement was not significantly affected by marked changes in the blood pressure.
The intestinal microbiome in dogs and cats with diarrhoea as detected by a faecal polymerase chain reaction‐based panel in Perth, Western Australia
Authors: Paul AEH , Stayt J
Published: September 2019

This study reports the prevalence of potential faecal pathogens in the microbiome detected in a cohort of cats and dogs with diarrhoea in Perth, Western Australia. Records from a commercial diagnostic laboratory using faecal PCR testing between July 2014 and August 2015 were reviewed.Of 289 feline faecal samples reviewed, Salmonella spp. (1.7%), Campylobacter spp. (47.6%), Clostridium perfringens (81.3%), Giardia spp. (11.1%), Toxoplasma gondii (1.2%), Tritrichomonas foetus (4.8%), panleukopenia virus (6.5%) and coronavirus (39.5%) were detected. In dogs, Salmonella spp. (5.4%), Campylobacter spp. (36.3%), C. perfringens (85.4%), Giardia spp. (6.2%), parvovirus (9.4%), coronavirus (4.7%) and distemper virus (1.5%) were detected.
Parental psychological control and academic functioning in Chinese high school students: A short‐term longitudinal study
Authors: Xu Xinpei , Dai David Yun , Liu Ming , Deng Ciping
Published: September 2019

The present study aimed to examine the reciprocal relationship between parental psychological control and students’ academic functioning in urban China. Participants were 731 Chinese high school students in grade 10 (356 boys; Mage = 15.64 years, SD = 0.68). Two waves of 1‐year longitudinal data were collected using student reports of parental psychological control and academic‐related beliefs, strategies, and behaviours. Results showed that parental psychological control at Time 1 significantly triggered an increase in students’ maladaptive academic functioning at Time 2; and students’ adaptive academic functioning at Time 1 significantly predicted parental psychological control at Time 2. Limitations of the present study and implications for practice are discussed.

Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

According to self‐determination theory, parental psychological control has been found to be harmful on students’ academic learning in Western societies.

We know little about the relation between parental psychological control and academic functioning (adaptive vs. maladaptive) in Eastern societies such as China.

What does this study add?

Parental psychological control increased maladaptive academic functioning, and adaptive academic functioning decreased parental psychological control, suggesting a more fluid, dynamic parenting–child interaction over time.

The predicted relations between parental psychological control and academic functioning of high school students hold across gender.

More urbanized adolescents had a high tendency to perceive their parents as psychological controlling, suggesting a change in culture regarding the importance of personal autonomy for more urbanized adolescents.
Consumption of cereal leaf beetle, Oulema melanopus, by generalist predators in wheat fields detected by molecular analysis
Authors: Kheirodin Arash , Sharanowski Barbara J. , Cárcamo Héctor A. , Costamagna Alejandro C.
Published: September 2019

The cereal leaf beetle (CLB), Oulema melanopus L. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a major pest of cereal crops that has recently been reported in western Canada. We developed a set of primers to detect CLB DNA in the gut of six common predator taxa in wheat fields: lady beetles (20 positives of 143 individuals), nabid bugs (73 positives of 206 individuals), and wolf spiders (2 positives of 25 individuals). Nabis americoferus Carayon (Hemiptera: Nabidae) and Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were the most abundant predators in cereal fields, with 0.35 and 0.05 proportion of samples positive for CLB DNA, respectively. The prey DNA half‐lives were used to adjust the estimates for N. americoferus to 0.22, due to its longer DNA detectability relative to C. septempunctata. Overall, Hippodamia parenthesis (Say) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) had the highest proportion of positives at 0.43. There was a positive association between CLB abundance and proportion of N. americoferus and C. septempunctata positives for CLB DNA. This study highlights the contribution of generalist predators to CLB mortality and their important role in integrated management for CLB. Furthermore, we provide a molecular tool that can be used to identify predators of CLB and predation frequency in agricultural fields.
Application of an electronic nose for determination of pre‐pressing treatment of rapeseed based on the analysis of volatile compounds contained in pressed oil
Authors: Rusinek Robert , Siger Aleksander , Gawrysiak‐Witulska Marzena , Rokosik Ewa , Malaga‐Toboła Urszula , Gancarz Marek
Published: September 2019

The article presents an attempt to use an electronic nose together with a new three‐parameter method for generation of a digital smellprint in order to specify the mode of processing of rapeseed based on the analysis of volatile compounds contained in cold‐pressed rapeseed oil. Prior to the pressing process, the seeds were roasted or improperly stored to obtain oil samples with varied technological quality. The quality of pressed oils was evaluated by determination of the acid value. Furthermore, changes in oil colour were assessed with the use of an imaging colorimeter. Volatile compounds were determined with the use of gas chromatography and an electronic nose with a metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) sensor matrix. It was found that the mode of seed pre‐treatment before pressing did not change the colour of the oil significantly. However, it influenced the profile of volatile organic compounds and changed their proportions. Ketones represented the largest proportion of volatile compounds determined for roasted samples and those pressed from seeds moistened up to 25% (w.b.). Alcohols dominated in samples moistened up to 10 and 12%, terpenes were the dominant volatile compounds in samples roasted at 140 °C, and other volatile compounds dominated in samples moistened up to 10 and 20% (w.b.). In turn, esters and aromatic compounds accounted for the lowest proportion in the analysed samples. The results shown by the electronic nose were correlated with the presence of particular groups of volatile compounds in rapeseed oil.
Changes on enzymatic activity and on sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins of frozen‐stored hake (Merluccius merluccius) pre‐treated by high pressure
Authors: Fidalgo Liliana G. , Saraiva Jorge A. , Aubourg Santiago P. , Vázquez Manuel
Published: September 2019

High‐pressure (HP) pre‐treatments were applied on European hake (Merluccius merluccius) followed by a frozen accelerated experiment (−10 °C). A central composite design ranging pressure levels (150–450 MPa) and frozen storage time (0–150 days) was used, being evaluated the enzymatic activities and muscle proteins. Acid phosphatase and calpain activities decreased after 150 days of frozen storage (58%/56% and 38%/56% for non‐/HP‐treated samples, respectively). Cathepsin B showed higher reductions (98%) for longer storage times. Furthermore, HP and frozen storage did not affect significantly cathepsin D activity, only slightly decreasing at 169 MPa. Furthermore, HP seemed to not affect myofibrillar proteins, while sarcoplasmic proteins were clearly affected by HP and frozen storage time, resulting in a reduction of about 53% or 23% for 431 or 450 MPa, respectively. Thus, HP could be used to lowering the deleterious effect of proteases on frozen European hake.
Effects of Physical Appearance Social Comparisons and Perceived Attainability of an Ideal Body on Body Dissatisfaction and Weight‐Management Behaviors Among Young Japanese Women
Authors: Taniguchi Emiko , Ebesu Hubbard Amy S.
Published: September 2019

This study was designed to test a model in which tendencies to engage in physical appearance social comparisons and perceived ideal body attainability interact to predict body dissatisfaction, and are associated with weight‐control behaviors (WCBs) as past studies have rarely examined perceived attainability in their analytic models. College women (N = 297) from two universities in Japan completed a paper‐and‐pencil survey. A path analysis revealed that appearance comparisons were positively associated with body dissatisfaction over and above the effects of body mass index and self‐esteem. Body dissatisfaction, in turn, was positively related to low‐risk, moderate‐risk, and high‐risk WCBs. There was a significant interaction effect between appearance comparison and attainability, but the nature of the interaction was the opposite from our expectation: the positive association between appearance comparison and body dissatisfaction was more pronounced among women who reported higher confidence in attaining an ideal body, whereas this association was nonsignificant for those with low confidence in attaining an ideal body. Finally, perceived ideal body attainability was directly and positively related to low‐risk and moderate‐risk WCBs.
Evaluation of Light Fluence Distribution Using an IR Navigation System for HPPH‐mediated Pleural Photodynamic Therapy (pPDT)
Authors: Zhu Timothy C. , Ong Yihong , Kim Michele M. , Liang Xing , Finlay Jarod C. , Dimofte Andreea , Simone Charles B. , Friedberg Joseph S. , Busch Theresa M. , Glatstein Eli , Cengel Keith A.
Published: September 2019

Uniform light fluence distribution for patients undergoing photodynamic therapy (PDT) is critical to ensure predictable PDT outcomes. However, current practice when delivering intrapleural PDT uses a point source to deliver light that is monitored by seven isotropic detectors placed within the pleural cavity to assess its uniformity. We have developed a real‐time infrared (IR) tracking camera to follow the movement of the light point source and the surface contour of the treatment area. The calculated light fluence rates were matched with isotropic detectors using a two‐correction factor method and an empirical model that includes both direct and scattered light components. Our clinical trial demonstrated that we can successfully implement the IR navigation system in 75% (15/20) of the patients. Data were successfully analyzed in 80% (12/15) patients because detector locations were not available for three patients. We conclude that it is feasible to use an IR camera‐based system to track the motion of the light source during PDT and demonstrate its use to quantify the uniformity of light distribution, which deviated by a standard deviation of 18% from the prescribed light dose. The navigation system will fail when insufficient percentage of light source positions is obtained (<30%) during PDT.
Photoinactivation Sensitivity of Staphylococcus carnosus to Visible‐light Irradiation as a Function of Wavelength
Authors: Hoenes Katharina , Wenzel Ulla , Spellerberg Barbara , Hessling Martin
Published: September 2019

Inactivation properties of visible light are of increasing interest due to multiple possible fields of application concerning antibacterial treatment. For violet wavelengths, the generation of reactive oxygen species by porphyrins is accepted as underlying mechanism. However, there is still little knowledge about photosensitizers at blue wavelengths. While flavins were named as possible candidates, there is still no experimental evidence. This study investigates the photoinactivation sensitivity of Staphylococcus carnosus to selected wavelengths between 390 and 500 nm in 10‐ to 25‐nm intervals. Absorption and fluorescence measurements in bacterial lysates confirmed inactivation findings. By means of a mathematical calculation in MATLAB®, a fit of different photosensitizer absorption spectra to the measured action spectrum was determined to gain knowledge about the extent to which specific photosensitizers are involved. The most effective wavelength for S. carnosus at 415 nm could be explained by the involvement of zinc protoporphyrin IX. Between 450 and 470 nm, inactivation results indicated a broad plateau, statistically distinguishable from 440 and 480 nm. This observation points to flavins as responsible photosensitizers, which furthermore seem to be involved at violet wavelengths. A spectral scan of sensitivities might generally be an advantageous approach for examining irradiation impact.
The effects of crossbreeding, age, and sex on erythrocyte indices and biochemical variables in crossbred pet rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: Yeh Sze‐Yu , Sung Chi‐Hsuan , Lin Tsai‐Lu , Cheng Tsun‐Li , Chou Chi‐Chung
Published: September 2019

Background

A number of domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) breeds exist, and the pet rabbit population consists of a variety of pure‐ and crossbred animals. However, the reference intervals (RIs) for rabbits are limited by outdated methods and a single‐breed source.

Objective

This study aimed to establish more complete, updated erythrocytic and biochemical RIs for the crossbred pet rabbit population to improve routine diagnostic accuracy in clinical practice, and to examine the effects of crossbreeding on erythrocytic and biochemical parameters.

Methods

Blood specimens were collected from 85 clinically healthy crossbred pet rabbits representing a wide range of breeds. RIs for the erythrocyte indices and 12 chemistry analytes were determined as recommended by the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology guidelines. The results were compared with four widely used RIs. Age and sex differences for all variables were statistically analyzed.

Results

The results diverged from the RIs for New Zealand white rabbits, indicating that not all RIs from this species are appropriate for use in exotic animal practices. Breed‐associated variations were evident for aspartate amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase, and glucose, while crossbreed effects were found for total protein, albumin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, calcium, and phosphate. Statistically significant differences and clinical relevance among age groups were detected for hemoglobin, hematocrit, and creatinine.

Conclusions

Establishing RIs specifically for crossbred pet rabbits is desirable for clinicians treating pet rabbits of various breeds and ages. Age‐specific RIs for this population warrants further investigation.
Theoretical Prediction Model of Tip Leakage Vortex in a Mixed Flow Pump With Tip Clearance
Authors: Liu Yabin , Tan Lei
Published: September 2019

Tip clearance results in the leakage flow from blade pressure side to suction side, which will further cause the tip leakage vortex (TLV). Moreover, the flow pattern in an impeller is seriously deteriorated due to the TLV and its interaction with the main stream. In this work, the TLV in a mixed flow pump is investigated by numerical simulation validated by experiment measurement. The primary tip leakage vortex (PTLV) trajectory is specially studied with consideration of the tip clearance size δ, the impeller blade number Zi, and the impeller rotational speed n. The results show that δ slightly shifts the separation point (SP) of the PTLV but rarely affects the separation angle α. The increase in Zi and the decrease in n both lead to the shift of the SP toward the blade trailing edge and the decrease in α. Furthermore, a theoretical prediction model is proposed to predict the PTLV trajectory, by which the axial position and radial position of PTLV trajectory versus the rotation angle can be predicted. The proposed model is verified to be accurate to predict the PTLV trajectory, especially for the PTLV trajectory in the main flow passage. The dynamic evolution of TLV under different tip clearance sizes can all be classified into the same three stages: splitting stage, developing stage, and merging stage. Meanwhile, the dynamic evolution frequency fe is the same as the impeller rotational frequency fi.
An explicit marching-on-in-time scheme for solving the time domain Kirchhoff integral equation
Authors: Chen Rui , Sayed Sadeed Bin , Alharthi Noha , Keyes David , Bagci Hakan
Published: September 2019

A fully explicit marching-on-in-time (MOT) scheme for solving the time domain Kirchhoff (surface) integral equation to analyze transient acoustic scattering from rigid objects is presented. A higher-order Nyström method and a PE(CE)m-type ordinary differential equation integrator are used for spatial discretization and time marching, respectively. The resulting MOT scheme uses the same time step size as its implicit counterpart (which also uses Nyström method in space) without sacrificing from the accuracy and stability of the solution. Numerical results demonstrate the accuracy, efficiency, and applicability of the proposed explicit MOT solver.
Parameter dependence of acoustic mode quantities in an idealized model for shallow-water nonlinear internal wave ducts
Authors: Milone Matthew A. , DeCourcy Brendan J. , Lin Ying-Tsong , Siegmann William L.
Published: September 2019

Nonlinear internal waves in shallow water have significant acoustic impacts and cause three-dimensional ducting effects, for example, energy trapping in a duct between curved wavefronts that propagates over long distances. A normal mode approach applied to a three-dimensional idealized parametric model [Lin, McMahon, Lynch, and Siegmann, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 133(1), 37–49 (2013)] determines the dependence of such effects on parameters of the features. Specifically, an extension of mode number conservation leads to convenient analytical formulas for along-duct (angular) acoustic wavenumbers. The radial modes are classified into five types depending on geometric characteristics, resulting in five distinct formulas to obtain wavenumber approximations. Examples of their dependence on wavefront curvature and duct width, along with benchmark comparisons, demonstrate approximation accuracy over a broad range of physical values, even including situations where transitions in mode types occur with parameter changes. Horizontal-mode transmission loss contours found from approximate and numerically exact wavenumbers agree well in structure and location of intensity features. Cross-sectional plots show only small differences between pattern phases and amplitudes of the two calculations. The efficiency and accuracy of acoustic wavenumber and field approximations, in combination with the mode-type classifications, suggest their application to determining parameter sensitivity and also to other feature models.
Local accuracy of cross-term corrections of three-dimensional parabolic-equation models
Authors: Ivansson Sven
Published: September 2019

This paper deals with accuracy assessment for cross-derivative (depth and azimuth) term corrections to a three-dimensional (3D) parabolic equation (PE). The focus is on local errors, involving comparison of the two sides of the PE at insertion of (scaled) Helmholtz-equation reference solutions. For media with a particular type of lateral sound-speed variation, mode expansion together with wavenumber integration to compute modal expansion coefficients produces very accurate Helmholtz solutions for the field and its spatial derivatives. There are explicit expressions for the wavenumber integrands in terms of Airy and exponential functions, and accuracy improvements by PE cross-derivative terms are easy to assess. For a relevant example, with 3D effects similar to those in a 3D Acoustical Society of America wedge benchmark, inclusion of a leading-order as well as an additional, higher-order, cross-derivative term in the PE is favorable. The additional term provides a fourth-order accurate approximation of the PE square-root operator. A fifth-order accurate Padé approximation yields further improvement, approaching the numerical accuracy limit set by the PE method itself. The adiabatic approximation is exact for the particular media under study, but the local PE errors are similar for related 3D wedge examples with mode coupling.
Multiscale multiphysics data-informed modeling for three-dimensional ocean acoustic simulation and prediction
Authors: Duda Timothy F. , Lin Ying-Tsong , Newhall Arthur E. , Helfrich Karl R. , Lynch James F. , Zhang Weifeng Gordon , Lermusiaux Pierre F. J. , Wilkin John
Published: September 2019

Three-dimensional (3D) underwater sound field computations have been used for a few decades to understand sound propagation effects above sloped seabeds and in areas with strong 3D temperature and salinity variations. For an approximate simulation of effects in nature, the necessary 3D sound-speed field can be made from snapshots of temperature and salinity from an operational data-driven regional ocean model. However, these models invariably have resolution constraints and physics approximations that exclude features that can have strong effects on acoustics, example features being strong submesoscale fronts and nonhydrostatic nonlinear internal waves (NNIWs). Here, work to predict NNIW fields to improve 3D acoustic forecasts using an NNIW model nested in a tide-inclusive data-assimilating regional model is reported. The work was initiated under the Integrated Ocean Dynamics and Acoustics project. The project investigated ocean dynamical processes that affect important details of sound-propagation, with a focus on those with strong intermittency (high kurtosis) that are challenging to predict deterministically. Strong internal tides and NNIW are two such phenomena, with the former being precursors to NNIW, often feeding energy to them. Successful aspects of the modeling are reported along with weaknesses and unresolved issues identified in the course of the work.
Examining the Impact of Coaches’ Feedback Patterns on the Psychosocial Well-Being of Youth Sport Athletes
Authors: Horn Thelma S.
Published: September 2019

Developmentally based theories in the social-psychology field emphasize the important role that significant adults play in relation to children’s psychosocial health and well-being. In particular, these theories suggest that the responses adults provide to children in reaction to their performance attempts may affect the children’s own perceptions and evaluations of their competencies, as well as their overall self-worth. In the youth sport setting, coaches may be the main providers of performance-related feedback. The purpose of this paper was to use current research and theory to identify and discuss 4 dimensions of coaches’ feedback that are relevant to the growth and development of young athletes: content, delivery, degree of growth orientation, and extent of stereotyping. The paper ends with recommendations for future research on the topic, with emphasis on examining developmental transitions and why coaches give feedback in particular ways.
High thermoelectric performance in low-cost SnS
0.91
Se
0.09
crystals
Authors: He Wenke , Wang Dongyang , Wu Haijun , Xiao Yu , Zhang Yang , He Dongsheng , Feng Yue , Hao Yu-Jie , Dong Jin-Feng , Chetty Raju , Hao Lijie , Chen Dongfeng , Qin Jianfei , Yang Qiang , Li Xin , Song Jian-Ming , Zhu Yingcai , Xu Wei , Niu Changlei , Li Xin , Wang Guangtao , Liu Chang , Ohta Michihiro , Pennycook Stephen J. , He Jiaqing , Li Jing-Feng , Zhao Li-Dong
Published: September 2019

Lower-cost thermoelectrics

Thermoelectric materials convert heat to electricity, making them attractive for heat harvesting or cooling applications. However, many high-performance thermoelectrics are made of expensive or toxic materials. He
et al.
found that a material composed of primarily tin and sulfur could be optimized to have relatively good thermoelectric properties. Introducing about 10% selenium to tin sulfide helped tune these properties by electronic band manipulation. This material is a step toward more earth-abundant, less toxic, and lower-cost thermoelectrics than the telluride-based materials currently in use.

Science
, this issue p.
1418
How HIV Nef Proteins Hijack Membrane Traffic To Promote Infection
Authors: Buffalo Cosmo Z. , Iwamoto Yuichiro , Hurley James H. , Ren Xuefeng
Published: September 2019

The accessory protein Nef of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a primary determinant of viral pathogenesis. Nef is abundantly expressed during infection and reroutes a variety of cell surface proteins to disrupt host immunity and promote the viral replication cycle. Nef counteracts host defenses by sequestering and/or degrading its targets via the endocytic and secretory pathways. Nef does this by physically engaging a number of host trafficking proteins.
Conserved Central Intraviral Protein Interactome of the
Herpesviridae
Family
Authors: Hernández Durán Anna , Grünewald Kay , Topf Maya
Published: September 2019

Herpesviruses are an important socioeconomic burden for both humans and livestock. Throughout their long evolutionary history, individual herpesvirus species have developed remarkable host specificity, while collectively the
Herpesviridae
family has evolved to infect a large variety of eukaryotic hosts. The development of approaches to fight herpesvirus infections has been hampered by the complexity of herpesviruses’ genomes, proteomes, and structural features. The data and insights generated by our study add to the understanding of the functional organization of herpesvirus-encoded proteins, specifically of family-wise conserved features defining essential components required for a productive infectious cycle across different hosts, which can contribute toward the conceptualization of antiherpetic infection strategies with an effect on a broader range of target species. All of the generated data have been made freely available through our HVint2.0 database, a dedicated resource of curated herpesvirus interactomics purposely created to promote and assist future studies in the field.
Primary small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder
Authors: Qayoom Sumaira , Chakrabarti Deep , Khan Fatima , Goel Madhu Mati
Published: September 2019

Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder (SCCB) is an extremely rare but aggressive tumour constituting less than 0.7% of all urinary bladder tumours. It is often misdiagnosed as transitional cell carcinoma, owing to the similarities in presentation. Diagnosis of SCCB is based on the WHO criteria for small cell lung carcinoma. A 58-year-old man who had presented with haematuria and burning micturition for 3 months was initially diagnosed as high-grade muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma based on the TURBT specimen. The patient was put on neoadjuvant chemotherapy, but presented again with haematuria and back pain after 3 months. Imaging studies showed a lesion in the posterolateral wall of the urinary bladder, along with partial collapse and anterior wedging of L1 vertebra. He underwent TURBT, and on the basis of histopathology and immunohistochemistry, a diagnosis of primary SCCB bladder with vertebral metastasis was made.
Spontaneous splenic rupture in a patient with infectious mononucleosis
Authors: Baker Charlotte Ruth , Kona Sid
Published: September 2019

We present a case of spontaneous, atraumatic splenic rupture secondary to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, in a young, female patient. Splenic rupture is a rare complication of EBV infection, but is associated with the highest mortality. Additionally, this case illustrates the diagnostic challenge in a patient presenting in atypical manner, with only left-sided pleuritic chest pain, and lacking any of the classical tonsillitis symptoms associated with EBV infection.
DUSP22-IRF4rearrangement in AIDS-associated ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Authors: Wang Mike , Kibbi Nour , Ring Nan , Siddon Alexa , Foss Francine , Totonchy Mariam
Published: September 2019

Patients with AIDS have increased risk of developing lymphomas, such as anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), which generally carry a poor prognosis. TheDUSP-IRF4genetic rearrangement in ALCL confers a favourable prognosis in HIV-negative patients; it is unknown how this interacts clinically with HIV/AIDS. A man aged 53 years presented with subcutaneous nodules on the scalp and axillae, and diffuse lymphadenopathy. Biopsy of subcutaneous nodule and lymph node showed large atypical anaplastic lymphocytes which were CD30+ and anaplastic lymphoma kinase-negative, consistent with primary systemic ALCL. In addition, he was found to be HIV-positive and diagnosed with AIDS. Genetic testing of the tissue revealed aDUSP22-IRF4rearrangement. Complete remission was achieved with HyperCVAD and subsequent brentuximab vedotin monotherapy. We report a case of AIDS-associated primary systemic ALCL with aDUSP22-IRF4rearrangement. AIDS-associated ALCL is an aggressive lymphoma, with a poor prognosis. However, the presence of the genetic rearrangement, previously unseen in this disease, drastically altered the disease course. This case highlights the value of genetic testing and identifiesDUSP22-IRF4-associated ALCL in the setting of HIV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders.
Intermittent bolus versus continuous infusion popliteal sciatic nerve block following major foot and ankle surgery: a prospective randomized comparison
Authors: Short Anthony James , Ghosh Meela , Jin Rongyu , Chan Vincent W S , Chin Ki Jinn
Published: September 2019

Background and objectives

Foot and ankle surgery is associated with severe pain that can be reduced with continuous popliteal sciatic nerve block. We tested the hypothesis that programmed intermittent bolus (PIB) delivery of local anesthetic provides superior analgesia to a continuous infusion (CI) regimen.

Methods

60 patients undergoing major foot and ankle surgery were randomized to receive PIB (10 mL of ropivacaine 0.2% every 2 hours) or CI (5 mL/hour) continuous popliteal sciatic nerve block with patient-controlled regional analgesia (5 mL every 30 min as needed) provided for all. Primary outcome was the average of static and dynamic numerical rating scale (NRS) pain scores through 48 hours. Secondary outcomes included rest and movement NRS pain scores at different timepoints, opioid consumption, local anesthetic consumption, intensity of sensory and motor block, patient satisfaction and the incidence of opioid-related side effects.

Results

There was no significant difference in the primary outcome of average NRS pain score through 48 hours, opioid consumption or the volume of local anesthetic administered. Patients in group PIB had significantly decreased strength of toe dorsiflexion at 6 hours (p=0.007) and 12 hours (p=0.001) and toe plantarflexion at 12 hours (p=0.004). Patient satisfaction and the incidence of side effects was similar between groups.

Conclusions

Both CI and PIB regimens provided excellent analgesia, low opioid consumption and high patient satisfaction. While there was no difference in analgesic outcomes, PIB dosing resulted in a more profound motor block.

Trial registration number

NCT02707874
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Does postactivation potentiation (PAP) increase voluntary performance?
Authors: Zimmermann Haiko Bruno , MacIntosh Brian R. , Dal Pupo Juliano
Published: September 2019

The transient increase in torque of an electrically evoked twitch following a voluntary contraction is called postactivation potentiation (PAP). Phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chains is the most accepted mechanism explaining the enhanced electrically evoked twitch torque. While many authors attribute voluntary postactivation performance enhancement (PAPE) to the positive effects of PAP, few actually confirmed that contraction was indeed potentiated using electrical stimulation (twitch response) at the time that PAPE was measured. Thus, this review aims to investigate if increases in voluntary performance after a conditioning contraction (CC) are related to the PAP phenomenon. For this, studies that confirmed the presence of PAP through an evoked response after a voluntary CC and concurrently evaluated PAPE were reviewed. Some studies reported increases in PAPE when PAP reaches extremely high values. However, PAPE has also been reported when PAP was not present, and unchanged/diminished performance has been identified when PAP was present. This range of observations demonstrates that mechanisms of PAPE are different from mechanisms of PAP. These mechanisms of PAPE still need to be understood and those studying PAPE should not assume that regulatory light chain phosphorylation is the mechanism for such enhanced voluntary performance.

Novelty The occurrence of PAP does not necessarily mean that the voluntary performance will be improved. Improvement in voluntary performance is sometimes observed when the PAP level reaches extremely high values. Other mechanisms may be more relevant than that for PAP in the manifestation of acute increases in performance following a conditioning contraction.
Energy-Efficient Technique for Monitoring of Agricultural Areas with Terrestrial Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Bayrakdar Muhammed Enes
Published: September 2019

In this paper, a monitoring technique based on the wireless sensor network is investigated. The sensor nodes used for monitoring are developed in a simulation environment. Accordingly, the structure and workflow of wireless sensor network nodes are designed. Time-division multiple access (TDMA) protocol has been chosen as the medium access technique to ensure that the designed technique operates in an energy-efficient manner and packet collisions are not experienced. Fading channels, i.e., no interference, Ricean and Rayleigh, are taken into consideration. Energy consumption is decreased with the help of ad-hoc communication of sensor nodes. Throughput performance for different wireless fading channels and energy consumption are evaluated. The simulation results show that the sensor network can quickly collect medium information and transmit data to the processing center in real time. Besides, the proposed technique suggests the usefulness of wireless sensor networks in the terrestrial areas.
PARAMETRIC FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF MAGNESIUM-BASED ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INTERFERENCE SCREWS FOR THE PURPOSE OF OPTIMIZING SCREW PURCHASE
Authors: McCullough Matthew B. A. , Hawkins Kevin M. , Sankar Jagannathan
Published: September 2019

Purpose: Most interference screws (IFS) for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction are manufactured from traditional materials like titanium. The advent of degradable metals (i.e. magnesium (Mg) alloys) has shown great promise for numerous orthopedic applications, including IFS for ACL replacement. Questions surrounding the mechanical integrity of degradable Mg alloys, as well as the impact of design changes on behavior, are still unanswered. The purpose of this research was to determine the impact of thread shape, diameter and screw taper on pullout strength of Mg-based IFS. Methods: Four different thread shapes were modeled, and analyzed, using finite element analysis. It was hypothesized that the thread shape, diameter and taper of the screw would significantly impact the pullout performance of the screw. Results: A buttress design resulted in the highest reaction (pullout) force (1247N) providing the greatest hold. Conclusion: Results of this study indicate that design factors impact pullout force and suggest thread shape, taper, and major diameter having the greatest impact.
Σ-Rickart modules
Authors: Lee Gangyong , Medina-Bárcenas Mauricio
Published: September 2019

Hereditary rings have been extensively investigated in the literature after Kaplansky introduced them in the earliest 50’s. In this paper, we study the notion of a [Formula: see text]-Rickart module by utilizing the endomorphism ring of a module and using the recent notion of a Rickart module, as a module theoretic analogue of a right hereditary ring. A module [Formula: see text] is called [Formula: see text]-Rickart if every direct sum of copies of [Formula: see text] is Rickart. It is shown that any direct summand and any direct sum of copies of a [Formula: see text]-Rickart module are [Formula: see text]-Rickart modules. We also provide generalizations in a module theoretic setting of the most common results of hereditary rings: a ring [Formula: see text] is right hereditary if and only if every submodule of any projective right [Formula: see text]-module is projective if and only if every factor module of any injective right [Formula: see text]-module is injective. Also, we have a characterization of a finitely generated [Formula: see text]-Rickart module in terms of its endomorphism ring. Examples which delineate the concepts and results are provided.