bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential Diagnosis of Leukocoria : A Case Report
Authors: Rahman Harrie Kurnia , Sayuti Kemala
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Leukocoria is an abnormal pupillary reflex more clearly seen after mydriasis or photography. It is often the first sign of a range of serious intraocular disorders, including congenital cataracts, Coats disease, retinoblastoma, Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy (FEVR).

Case Illustration : Baby F, 10 months with chief complaint the vision in both eyes appears defocused since birth. A history of trauma to the head is denied, severe pain (-), a history of similar complaints in the family is denied. Pregnancy history: Mother had hypertension. The patient born spontaneusly at 39-40 weeks of gestation, crying immediately, birth weight 2700 grams. Ophtalmology Status ODS: VA Blink reflex(+), Following light (+), Following object (-), Konjungtiva : hiperemis (-), cornea : clear (+), Pupil : leukocoria (+). Funduscopy examination ODS: Vitreus : cloudy (+), papillae: cannot be assessed, blood vessels: visible images of raised blood vessels, retina: detached (+) retinal layers seen, macula: cannot be assessed. USG ODS: cloudy vitreus with hyperreflectivity moderate to high. Patient was diagnosed with Leucocoria ec Retinal Detachment ec Suspect FEVR differential diagnosis Retinoblastoma Bilateral. CT Scan : A mass with a calcified component in the right and left posterior bulbs, consistent with bilateral retinoblastoma

Discussion : The clinical history of leukocoria, meaning loss of the normal red retinal reflex, is nonspecific. Key findings here are the normal size of the globes and the presence of calcifications, which are more compatible with retinoblastoma, Coats' disease, or FEVR.

Conclusion Leucocoria in aterm baby has several differential diagnosis such as retinoblastoma that needs further examination.
Peripheral Orbital Schwannoma : A Case Report
Authors: TRI REJEKI HERDIANA  , None
Published: February 2024

Introduction : The aim of this study was to report a rare case of a peripheral orbital nerve schwannoma. One of a thinkable diagnose and the goal of treatment.

Case Illustration : A 17-years-old young lady with chief complaint was inferior eyelid lesion since 1 year and has gradually enlarged. Examination showed a space occupying lesion in the inferior right orbit around 10x5 mm that was firm to palpation, didn’t attach to the deep planes, painless, and did not displaced the eye. Computed tomography revealed a homogenous orbital mass, encapsulated, and did not invade adjacent structures

Discussion : Lesion was treated with complete tumour resection via conjunctival / posterior site, and pathologic examination showed a schwannoma.Conclusion : Orbital schwannoma are infrequent tumours arising from the orbit coming behind inflammatory, vascular, and lymphoproliferative diseases. Treatment is complete resection of the lesion with subsequent monitoring to prevent recurrence.
THE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY (OCT) IN A PATIENT WITH RETINOPATHY-ASSOCIATED ECLAMPSIA: WHAT TO EXPECT?
Authors: Zain Nurul Attikah , Sopha Kasihana Hismanita
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Eclampsia is a common pregnancy complication, that has been associated with retinopathy. Screening of retinopathy in preeclampsia/eclampsia is essential for early detection and management. Various imaging modalities are used to diagnose retinopathy. However, because of the higher-resolution imaging demand, optical coherence tomography (OCT) suggests a better option. The present study aimed to report the OCT findings of retinopathy-associated eclampsia.

Case Illustration : A 24-year-old pregnant woman in 27th-week gestation with eclampsia presented the new onset of bilateral sudden diminution of vision. The vision in her right eye was limited to hand movement and that in her left eye was light perception only. Clinical examination revealed Siegrist streaks, Elschnig spots, and flame shape hemorrhages. OCT of both eyes demonstrated subretinal fluid, intraretinal fluid, thickening of the retinal layer, also inner retinal hyperreflectivity. Two months after the follow-up, there was an improvement in the OCT findings and also in the visual acuity.

Discussion : An increase in macular thickness could be a characteristic feature in the OCT of retinopathy- associated eclampsia caused by retinal arteriolar narrowing due to systemic hypertension and ischemia. Previous studies have demonstrated subretinal/intraretinal fluid with or without serous retinal detachment in preeclampsia. Following our case, we report subretinal fluid, intraretinal fluid in the outer plexiform layer with retinal detachment and macular edema. The subretinal fluid and serous detachment were most likely caused by the changes in the fluid and ion-transport function of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE).

Conclusion : OCT can provide valuable information for diagnosis and follow-up retinopathy in preeclampsia/eclampsia.
Blast Eye Injury After Mobile Phone Battery Explosion: A Case Report
Authors: Ariany Dessira Rizka Tri , Eclipsia Yuniar Merry Giovedi
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Injuries from mobile phone blasts have been on the rise in recent years. Mobile phone blasts cause serious ocular morbidity. We report a rare case of blast eye injury after mobile phone battery explosion.

Case Illustration : A 16 years old woman presented with burning sensation on both the eyes, following a smartphone battery blast. Immediately, after disconnecting the phone from the charger, the battery exploded and the phone blew apart. Her presenting visual acuity was 1/300 and 1.0 in right eye and left eye. Examination revealed broad corneal haziness on right eye, charred lashes, circumciliary congestion, and multiple soot particles embedded over the cornea, conjunctiva, and the lid margins. The eyes were washed with copious ringer lactate and the debris was carefully removed. Topical preservative free lubricants, broad-spectrum antibacterial agent, corticosteroid, and cycloplegic agent were prescribed along with systemic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. The healing of epithelial defects started on the next day and was complete by the 14th day.

Discussion : We describe an ocular blast injury due to mobile phone explosion. The mechanism of injury from battery blast could be a combination of mechanical (battery pieces), thermal, and chemical injuries. The vision can be saved if the ocular surface burns are treated promptly and properly.

Conclusion : Mobile blast injury is emerging as a new mode of ocular trauma. Knowing proper management is very important to achieve the best result.
Fabrication and characterization of delay lines with spoof surface plasmon polariton waveguide coupled with C-shaped metamaterials for microwave integrated circuits
Authors: Nguyen Minh Van , Kikuchi Nobuaki , Kodama Toshiyuki , Okatani Taiyu , Inomata Naoki , Kanamori Yoshiaki
Published: February 2024

Here, we proposed two delay lines consisting of spoof surface plasmon polariton (sSPP) waveguides and C-shaped metamaterials (C-MMs). The delay lines, namely OFF and ON devices, were designed and fabricated. On the OFF device, an sSPP waveguide is capacitively coupled to the C-MMs via an air gap on a high-resistivity silicon substrate. On the ON device, a connection is established between the C-MMs and the sSPP waveguide by metal connectors. The difference in the electrical properties in the coupling between the C-MMs and the sSPP waveguide creates a large phase contrast between the ON and OFF delay lines. The structural design was performed using a numerical calculation based on a commercial finite element solver. We successfully fabricated and characterized delay lines with phase differences equal to tens of degrees between the ON and OFF devices in the target frequency range of 2–6 GHz, while maintaining the original transmittance properties. The promising applications of the delay lines are a phase shifter or modulator when integrating with suitable switches.
Calculation of GaInSb PNP lateral HBT for complementary bipolar logic technology
Authors: Miyamoto Yasuyuki , Honjyo Makoto , Fukuda Koichi
Published: February 2024

In this study, the power consumption and speed of a GaInSb PNP lateral heterojunction bipolar transistor were estimated for applications in complementary bipolar logic circuits. At the supply voltage of 250 mV, the current gain is over 1000, on/off power consumption ratio is approximately 180, and delay time is 2.6 ps. However, the characteristics degrade rapidly at voltages greater than 300 mV, owing to deep saturation and high-level injection.
Tesla-class single-cycle terahertz magnetic field pulses generated with a spiral-shaped metal microstructure
Authors: Maruyama Kei , Zhang Zhenya , Takumi Miharu , Satoh Takuya , Nakajima Makoto , Kanemitsu Yoshihiko , Hirori Hideki
Published: February 2024

We study the terahertz (THz) magnetic field pulse enhanced by a spiral-shaped antenna resonator (SAR). We deposit the SAR on the surface of a terbium-gallium-garnet crystal, which has a large Verdet constant, and measure the Faraday rotation angle for strong THz pulse excitation by magneto-optical sampling (MOS) with NIR light. The determined magnetic field strength and field-enhancement spectrum are consistent with the theoretical predictions. This first report of the detection of a Tesla-class picosecond magnetic field pulse by MOS is expected to be useful in research on the control of magnetization in spintronic devices.
Breast Imaging of Axillary Supernumerary Breast: About a Clinical Case
Authors: Benyahia Radia , Hail Kamel , Chahira Maouzi , Benghanem Lounes , Bendib Salah Eddine
Published: February 2024

Axillary breast is a subject that is poorly studied in the medical literature. We report the case of a 41-year-old woman who consulted for a painful right axillary mass, increasing in volume during menstrual cycles. The clinical examination revealed a 3 cm diameter axillary swelling, mobile, soft, without inflammatory signs or discharge. The mammography showed a dense and homogeneous area in the right axillary region, corresponding to an ectopic mammary glandular parenchyma. The ultrasound confirmed the presence of an axillary fibroglandular component, without focal anomaly or adenopathy. The diagnosis of accessory axillary breast was retained. This case illustrates the interest of imaging for the diagnosis and assessment of the accessory axillary breast, a rare anomaly but potentially at risk of neoplastic degeneration.
EVALUASI PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIK PASIEN PNEUMONIA DENGAN METODE GYSSENS
Authors:   Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar, Handayany Gemy Nastity , Yuliana Dwi
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study is to determine the rationality of using antibiotics in pneumonia patients with the gyssens method in the inpatient installation of Nene Mallomo Hospital, Sidrap Regency for the 2021 period. This type of research is descriptive research with a quantitative approach conducted retrospectively. The results of the evaluation of the use of antibiotics based on the gyssens method were obtained the use of appropriate / rational antibiotics (category 0) by 14% and irrational use of antibiotics by 86% which were divided into other antibiotics that were more effective (category IVa) by 67%, the use of antibiotics too long (category IIIa) by 5%, the use of antibiotics too short (category IIIb) by 13% and the use of antibiotics not right dose (category IIa) by 1%. In this study, it can be concluded from the category assessed that the use of antibiotics in pneumonia patients at Nene Mallomo Hospital, Sidrap Regency is irrational.
Pengaruh Makroekonomi dan Volume Perdagangan Saham Terhadap Harga Saham Perusahaan Sub Sektor Perbankan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI)
Authors: Rusadi Putri Mahardika , Nugroho Rusdi Hidayat
Published: February 2024

Indikator penting berdirinya negara kuat adalah melalui faktor ekonominya. Perkembangan ekonomi di Indonesia mengalami siklus pasang surut akibat pergerakan yang tidak stabil. Aktivitas masyarakat mengalami kesulitan hingga bergantung pada dana darurat selama terjadi pandemi COVID-19. Investasi menjadi perencanaan keuangan yang tepat dalam pemulihan ekonomi nasional. Dari beberapa sub sektor di Bursa Efek Indonesia, sub sektor perbankan menjadi mesin pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional sebagai perantara penghimpunan dana antara pihak yang memiliki kelebihan dana dengan pihak yang kekurangan dana serta jasa lainnya. Namun, harga saham perusahaan sub sektor perbankan berfluktuasi karena faktor ekonomi makro dan riwayat perdagangan pasar, sehingga investor memerlukan informasi dalam pengambilan keputusan investasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh Kurs USD/IDR, jumlah uang beredar, BI-7 Day (Reverse) Repo Rate dan volume perdagangan saham terhadap harga saham perusahaan sub sektor perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode tahun 2017 hingga 2021. Jenis penelitian ini adalah asosiatif kuantitatif dengan sumber data sekunder. Jumlah populasi sebanyak 46 perusahaan sub sektor perbankan dengan teknik purposive sampling menjadi 24 perusahaan. Data penelitian menggunakan data time series dari bulan Januari 2017 hingga Desember 2021 sebanyak 60 data. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda dengan pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji-F dan uji-t pada program SPSS versi 26. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Kurs USD/IDR, jumlah uang beredar, BI-7 Day (Reverse) Repo Rate dan volume perdagangan saham secara bersama berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga saham. Nilai tukar USD/IDR berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap harga saham. Sedangkan jumlah uang beredar, BI-7 Day (Reverse) Repo Rate dan volume perdagangan saham berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap harga saham.
Endodontic Intercurrences in The Coronal Opening During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Manoel da Silva Izaias , Maria Coelho Travassos Rosana , Gonçalves Duarte Marvin , Barreto Silva Luciano , Maria Alves Sayão Maia Sandra , Da Cunha Isaltino Marina , Maurício Reis de Melo Júnior Paulo
Published: February 2024

Objective: This research aimed to assess the impact of the suggestion of changing the clinical moment for the installation of rubber dam isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic, during the graduation period in Faculdade de Odontologia de Pernambuco, Universidade de Pernambuco (FOP/UPE). Materials and methods: This is an observational descriptive, cross-sectional survey of a quantitative nature, which aims to identify the main impacts of the suggestion of changing the clinical moment for the installation of rubber dam isolation in endodontic procedures, which was approved by the Ethics Committee in Research of the University of Pernambuco (CEP/UPE), under allowance ethics committee number CAAE: 47786521.4.0000.5207. The population of this research consisted of FOP/UPE undergraduate students, regularly enrolled from the 6th to the 10th period, in the years 2021 and 2022, and who accomplished dental coronal opening in endodontic treatments, in the practicing clinics of the university during the pandemic period. Information was collected through a questionnaire the researchers prepared, using the online forms application named Google Forms. Results: Only 6.7% identified intercurrences during coronal opening, restricted to difficulties in accessing the pulp chamber. Conclusion: It is understood, therefore, that the suggestions for changing the endodontic care protocol related to the prior installation of rubber dam isolation to the coronal opening procedure were used and did not increase the risk of operative complications by FOP/UPE academics, in the clinics-school during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Evolution of Kenya’s Foreign Policy During the Cold War
Authors: Mabeya Danvas
Published: February 2024

This study critically outlines Kenya’s Foreign Policy as it evolved during the cold war under Moi’s era toward the Middle East. The study exemplifies the underlying strategies, sources, national and personal interests, objectives, priorities, and implementation of Kenya's foreign policy. The study is premised on the need to elucidate if Kenya’s belief in regional peace and security was the cornerstone under which Kenya’s foreign was formulated and implemented. It was believed that any inconsistencies in Kenya’s foreign policy were based on rational and emerging trends in international affairs such as security threats to regional and global peace and stability. The study aims to ascertain how, Kenya’s recognition policy, was formulated, articulated, and exercised during Moi’s era toward the Middle East (1978-1990). The central question of this study is this: What influenced Kenya’s recognition policy towards Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran, Israel, and Palestine during the Cold War under Moi’s administration (1978-1990)?
The Predicament of Ethnic Federal System
Authors: Getahun Yohannes
Published: February 2024

The paper inquiries into ethnic federalism in lights of ethnic conflict and federal constitutional viability. It raises the basic question why some ethnic federations are successful in regulating ethnic relations while others are not. The history of federations has ample evidences that ethnic conflict, encompassing ethnic tensions and direct violence conflicts, causes and be caused by the failure of ethnic federalism. How a given ethnic federal system designed to adjust ethnic relations could self-contradictory induce far-reaching communal ethnic conflicts and ethnic based anti-regime activities is an interesting question. Answering that, the paper has given due consideration to the practices of defunct, fragile and mature ethnic federations and to the relevant conceptual and theoretical-back standings. The differences in the viabilities of these federations have shown the complicacy of ethnic federalism in meeting with the convulsive interplay between ethnic conflicts and federal system stability. In that regard, the paper finds seven factors: the democratic representativeness of federal structures, political parties, inclusive and overarching identities crossing ethnic lines, ethnic demographic shares, number of ethnic federal units and their ethnic composition, ethnic federal unit symmetry and geo-political setting. The concussion goes that ethnic federal design is not always an antidote for ethnic based claims and counter-claims. It rather could exacerbate the condition of ethnic politics, if it lacks those political, institutional and social ingredients inferred from the indicated factors.
Femmes entrepreneures et délaissement gouvernemental face à la Covid-19 : résilience des cadets sociaux par l’innovation commerciale en ligne
Authors: Salla Bezanga Estelle Vérine
Published: February 2024

One of the major social transformations brought about by Covid-19 in Cameroon with the internet tool is the development of e-shop commercial activities. At the center of this movement are women whose socio-economic profiles show that they are in a situation of financial vulnerability. The areas of commercial intervention of these women range from the clothing industry to the food industry, including cosmetics, catering and natural health products. If their motivations are part of a dynamic of personal development which is linked to their career paths, most of these women make digital platforms spaces of economic profitability to escape their precarious state. Relying on a network of wholesale suppliers based in China, Turkey or in large shopping centers in the cities of Yaoundé and Douala, the sellers participate in the dematerialization of sales spaces for their digitalization. This is explained by the numerous advantages offered by the phenomenon: the payment of rent which replaces payment of the internet package for various transactions. This form of utilitarian accumulation of digital capital provides information not only on the socio-economic transformation of Cameroon by social cadets but also on the meaning of the relationships between these online sellers, their customers and their suppliers and the patriarchal structure of the social system.
 The aim of this work is to understand, beyond a precarious environment, the capacity of women entrepreneurs in the unstructured economy sector to overcome the changes brought about by Covid-19. To do this, the analytical approach is structuralist, it relies on a network of symbolic relationships which would make possible the political analysis of the position of women in Cameroon, the crisis situation and their empowerment.
EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO, NEUROPLASTICIDADE E ACIDENTE VASCULAR ENCEFÁLICO
Authors: Mendes Oliveira Luciana , Renee Felipe Thiago , Leal Amaral Fernanda Naiane , De Sousa da Silva Vitor Manoel , Alves Silva Jheniffer , Prado de Mello Fernanda
Published: February 2024

Introdução: A neuroplasticidade é a reorganização e readaptação cerebral de maneira funcional e estrutural em resposta às necessidades presentes, cuja adaptabilidade é fundamental para restauração e instaurações de novos comandos em casos de lesões centrais, bem como no acidente vascular encefálico (AVE). Objetivo: Buscar na literatura quais os estímulos a partir do exercício físico que geram neuroplasticidade em pacientes de pós AVE. Materiais e métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Foram utilizadas as seguintes palavras-chave: "neuroplasticidade" "acidente vascular cerebral" e "exercício físico", bem como os seus sinônimos e traduções, conforme os descritores em ciência de saúde (DeCS/MeSH). Utilizamos duas bases de dados, a PUBMED e a Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e consequentemente o operador booleano AND. Foram incluídos 11 artigos entre os anos de 2008 até 2023. Resultados: Diferentes assuntos foram abordados, efeito do exercício na neuroplasticidade, ativação de rede neural, na concentração de BDNF, efeitos na cognição, neuromecânicos e funcionais e saúde cardiovascular. Um dos grandes desafios para assegurar boa gestão do treinamento para o paciente com Acidente Vascular Cerebral é controlar e entender como o exercício físico age no processo da doença. Conclusão: O exercício físico traz por si só uma série de benefícios em grande parte das funções que o AVE causa declínio funcional e desordem fisiológica. Quando combinado com outras formas de intervenções trazem importantes desfechos para a saúde e recuperação do paciente potencializando sua recuperação.
UNSTABLE ANGINA, LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Claudia Gabriela Jara Maldonado  , Doménica Melissa Ochoa Semería  , Jonnathan Efrén Espinoza Calle  , Sonia Jessica Dumas León  , Paúl Andrés Bautista Pambi  , Lilia Francisca Torres Peñaloza  , María Magdalena Toro Andrade  , Adriana Nicole Baño Cando  , Maria Del Cisne Vega Cobos  , Bryam Esteban Coello García
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Angina, or chest pain, is the most frequent symptom of ischemic heart disease, one of the primary origins of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Unstable angina falls within a spectrum under the general term acute coronary syndrome, being the leading cause of death worldwide.
Objective: to detail current information related to unstable angina, definition, etiology, epidemiology, anamnesis, physical examination, evaluation, treatment and prevention.
Methodology: a total of 28 articles were analyzed in this review, including review and original articles, as well as clinical cases, of which 16 bibliographies were used because the other articles were not relevant to this study. The sources of information were PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane; the terms used to search for information in Spanish, Portuguese and English were: angina, precordial pain, cardiac management, unstable angina, cardiac emergencies, treatment.
Results: Coronary artery disease is estimated to cause more than one third of deaths in individuals over 35 years of age. It is the leading cause of death in this age group. The incidence is more frequent in men; however, as individuals exceed 75 years of age, the incidence between men and women becomes more balanced. The average age of presentation is 62 years. The basis of treatment focuses on improving coronary artery perfusion.
Conclusions: Unstable angina is characterized by an onset during rest, its diagnosis is clinical so it is of vital importance to know its clinical, epidemiological manifestations and its evaluation to reach a correct diagnosis, in order to guarantee a timely and adequate treatment. Since this condition continues to be a public health problem that affects a high percentage of the population on a daily basis, it is important to raise awareness of the problem and to try to prevent it by modifying lifestyle.
KEY WORDS: angina, precordial pain, cardiology.
An Analysis Of Hyperbole In Album “The Chainsmoker"
Authors: Riky Astina  , I Wayan Juniartha  , Ni Nyoman Deni Ariyaningsih
Published: February 2024

This article discusses the hyperbole figure used in the lyrics of Chainsmokers songs. The author assumes that the hyperbole figurative language in the song lyrics is used to attract song lovers to be interested in buying original, not pirated, CD tapes. The article, entitled "Hyperbola language used in chainsmokers' songs, aims to identify the types and find the meaning of the hyperbola language in the song. To analyze the data, the main theory used in this article is the figurative language theory proposed by Knickerbocker and Reninger 1963, the theory of meaning proposed by Leech 1981 and some of another supporting theory. This article uses qualitative methods to provide a clear picture of the problems identified. Descriptive study in textual analysis is applied to describe the types and meanings of hyperbolic figures in the song lyric. The data is taken from several editions of the song released in 2017-2020.
UNCOVER THE HIDDEN MEANING OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE FOUND IN JASON DERULO SONG LYRICS
Authors: Nosi Yohanes
Published: February 2024

AbstractFigurative language is a language that is used by figures of speech to convey the message or meaning to someone by spoken or written language. Figurative language is generally used in a poetry, song, novel or film. The objectives of this study are to find out types and meaning of figurative language in Jason Derulo song lyrics. There are two theories that used in this study. First, theory by Knickerbocker and Reninger (1974) is used to find out types of figurative languages in Jason Derulo song lyrics. Second, theory by Leech (1981) to find out the meaning of figurative languages in Jason Derulo song lyrics. The writer collected the data by listening the songs, reading the scripts, underling and classifying the lyrics, and taking note of figurative language. The writer analyzed the data descriptively by using qualitative method. There are six types of figurative language found in Jason Derulo song lyrics, they are hyperbole (15), simile (5), paradox (2), personification (2), irony (2), synechdoche (1). The writer found that Hyperbole is the most dominant type of figurative languages used in Jason Derulo song lyrics.

Keywords: figurative language, meaning of figurative language.
FLOUTING MAXIM AS SHOWN BY CHARACTERS IN A NOVEL ENTITLED BUFFALO BILL, THE BORDER KING
Authors: I Komang Arsa Adi Winarta  , Ni Wayan Suastini  , I Gusti Agung Sri Rwa Jayantini
Published: February 2024

This study aims to determine the types of flouting maxim found in Buffalo Bill's novel and to find out the reasons for the characters to flouting the maxims. The researcher used the theory by Grice (1975) to find out the types of maxims in Buffalo Bill's novel, and Cutting (2002) theory to find out the strategies of characters in Buffalo Bill's novel violate these maxims. The data is collected from the novel Buffalo Bill, The Border King where the novel tells the reader about the life story of William F. Cody or known as Buffalo Bill during the Civil War. It was written by Colonel Ingraham and Ned Buntline and published by STREET & SMITH in 1907. The story focuses on the journey of Buffalo Bill. As a result of the analysis of research data, four types of maxim violations were committed by the characters in the novel Buffalo Bill. There is a flouting of maxim of quantity, flouting of maxim of quality, flouting of maxim of relevance, and flouting of maxim of manner. There are a total of twenty records found in Buffalo Bill's novel. flouting of maxim of quantity appears 10 times (47.7%), flouting of maxim of quality does not occur (0%), flouting of maxim of relevance appears 9 times (47.7%), and maxim of manner appears once (4,6%). In the strategy of the characters in the novel Buffalo bill violating the maxims, there are five types of causes for the characters to violate the maxims.
Flouting Maxims in Alita Battle Angel Movie
Authors: Katarina Ade Kusuma Katarina , I Gusti Ayu Vina Widiadnya Putri  , Ida Ayu Mela Tustiawati
Published: February 2024

The aims of this study are to analyze the types of flouting maxim and the reason for flouting maxim found in the Alita Battle Angel movie. Flouting maxims is an important thing to consider in making communication more effective and making the sentences acceptable for the listener. This study focused on analyzing the types of flouting maxim and the reason why the characters flout the maxim by using the theory from Grice (1975) is used to classify the types of flouting maxims and the theory from Leech (1983) is used to find out the reason for flouting the maxims. This study used descriptive qualitative method in analyzing the data and this study used note-taking technique in collecting the data. The result of the study showed that the types of flouting maxims found in the movie are 20 data. The highest occurrence in the Alita Battle Angel movie is the flouting maxim of relevance which takes 10 data (50%). The finding shows that the highest occurrence of flouting maxim is the flouting maxim of relevance and the collaborative reasons become the most dominant reason for flouting maxim in this movie.
Figure of Speech Use in the Song Lyrics of Jhon Legend album "Bigger Love"
Authors: Yohanes Kapistrano Agung  , Desak Putu Eka Pratiwi  , I Gusti Ayu Vina Widiadnya Putri
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study is to find out the types of figure of speech used in the song lyric of John Legend album Bigger Love. The data were analyzed by using the theory proposed by Knickerbocker and Rreninger (1963). In analyzing the data, this study uses observation method in collecting the data and descriptive method uses in analyzing the data. The result of this study showed that six types of figure of speech used in the song lyric of John Legend album Bigger Love, that there were 22 data the figure of speech used in the song lyric of John Legend album Bigger Love, those are 8 simile, 2 metaphor, 3 personification, 1 synecdoche, 6 hyperbole, 1 paradox.
Reasons and The Types of Code Switching in The Novel “Biru Pada Januari”
Authors: Nerdi Margareta Satriana , Utami Ni Made Verayanti , I Made Perdana Skolastika
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study to analyse the types and the reasons of Code Switching  in the novel Biru Pada Januari.  In order to identify the utterances collected from the novel “Biru Pada Januari”, this study used the theory developed by Apel and Muysken (1987:117) that distinguishes into three types of code switching, namely tag switching, inter-sentential switching, and intra-sentential switching and also the theory proposed by Hoffman (1991) about sevent reasons of Code Switching, namely talking about particular topic, expressing feeling about something, expressing group identity, interjection, repetition used for clarification, quoting somebody else, and intention of clarifying the speech content for interlocutor. And from three types of code switching inter-sentential is the dominant in the novel Biru Pada Januari and the least dominant is tag switching. Whereas from the sevent reasons the dominant types is expressing felling about something and the least is expressing group identity and intention of clarifying the speech content for interlocutor.
Value of Being of The Supporting Characters in The Movie “Luca”
Authors: Pranata I Made Yudisthira Adhi , Jayantini I Gusti Agung Sri Rwa , Winarta Ida Bagus Gede Nova
Published: February 2024

This study attempts to reveal the moral value based on the classification of Linda and Eyre (1993) in the movie Luca. This study aimed to find out the value of being of the supporting characters in the movie Luca. It utilized a descriptive qualitative method. This study used the theory of moral values proposed by Linda and Eyre (1993) in their book entitled Teaching Your Children Values. The findings showed there were three types of moral values found in the supporting characters in the movie Luca. They are honesty, peaceability, and courage. The moral value of honesty and peaceability dominantly appeared in this movie. It related to their inner sincere and self-control which contributes building the movie as a whole. These data mainly revealed through the process that each characters engaged, along with its related situation in the movie.
Dealing with Emotions in “Inside Out” Movie: Moral Value Analysis
Authors: Sinarawerdhi I Gst Ayu Intan , Ni Made Verayanti Utami
Published: February 2024

This study is about Analysis of Moral Values in the Inside Out Film, examining the types of moral values reflected by the characters. The information is obtained from conversations and moments from the film Inside Out which contains moral lessons. To find the moral principles in the Inside Out film, the data were examined using the theory proposed by Linda and Eyre (1993). In this study, the method used to collect data is the observational method. To identify and evaluate the data, note taking technique was used to observe the data. The data were examined qualitatively, then reported descriptively. The purpose of this study was to find the moral values contained in the film Inside Out, from the results of this study found 10 types of moral values contained in it, namely honesty, courage, self-reliance and potential, fidelity and chastity, loyalty and dependability, respect, love and affection, unselfishness and sensitivity, kindness and friendliness, justice and mercy. Of the 10 moral values found, 3 of them that stand out the most in this film are the moral values of loyalty and dependability, respect and unselfishness and sensitivity.
La Geometría Euclidiana y su transposición didáctica
Authors: Ugarte Francisco , Gaita Cecilia
Published: February 2024

En el siguiente trabajo, se ejemplifica cómo la noción de transposición didáctica puede utilizarse para explicar la génesis de un sistema de conceptos matemáticos, como la geometría euclidiana. El estudio considera también los niveles de codeterminación, el contexto histórico-cultural y el desarrollo de las sociedades, la ciencia y la tecnología. El resultado muestra una evolución constante de las praxeologías, pero sobre todo la dependencia del bloque práctico-técnico de la evolución del bloque tecnológico-teórico. Los autores concluimos que una transposición didáctica requiere la construcción previa de un bloque tecnológico-teórico que consista además en un tejido de organizaciones matemáticas de complejidad creciente.
How Does Sponsoring of a Motoring Event Affect Brand Awareness of Brands Involved? Case Study of Barum Czech Rally Zlín
Authors: Kura Jakub
Published: February 2024

This article focuses on the sponsoring of motoring events and evaluates the levels of brand awareness that sponsoring brings to brands. The level of brand awareness was measured during Barum Czech Rally Zl??n, and two methods of evaluating brand awareness were used. First was an unaided
recall of possible sponsors of rallying, and second, respondents were given a list of possible sponsors and had to recognize brands of actual sponsors. They were then asked whether they were purchasing goods based on the fact that the given brand is a sponsor of motorsport. As the results
showed, the most known brands were those of major sponsors of the event itself. The majority of respondents prefer brands that are sponsoring motorsport. Thus, brand awareness via motorsport is a promoting tool mainly for big sponsors, providing plenty of coverage during the event.
Silent and oral reading methods on improving English reading comprehension among generation alpha pupils
Authors: M. Mendoza Karen Mariel , Ortega-Dela Cruz Ruth A.
Published: February 2024

Reading comprehension enables each child to make meaning of the world. Therefore, it is important to develop this during the child’s primary years in school. Using ex post facto design, this study investigated the effects of reading methods on English reading comprehension of randomly selected 75 Grade 2 pupils in a private school in the Philippines. The scores of pupils who read two comparable narrative passages in oral and silent were compared. Paired t-test results revealed a significant difference between oral reading and silent reading. Silent reading had a greater positive effect on the comprehension of the pupils. Likewise, it was the most preferred reading method among the respondents. Focus group discussion with English teachers' results suggested that silent reading was preferred specifically because it helps in understanding the story better, remembering words, and concentrating given its quiet and peaceful nature. It is recommended that teachers employ sustained silent reading classroom practices such as Silent Reading Activity (SRA) Reading Laboratory, Genuine Love for Reading activities through the Four-pronged approach, and Drop Everything and Read time. These methods will help to support the reading needs and preference of the generation alpha pupils and to further strengthen the positive effects of silent reading on improving their reading comprehension.
Documenting the development and achievements of early and preschool children: Different curricular approaches
Authors: Visković Ivana , Zeleničić Marina
Published: February 2024

The public education policy of an individual country determines, among other things, the ways of documenting the educational process and children’s outcomes. This paper explores the opinion of preschool teachers about documenting children’s development. The sample included preschool teachers from two systems, or two different curricular approaches. One exists in the Republic of Croatia (curriculum based on the competence framework) and other in Bosnia and Herzegovina (curriculum based on normative outcomes). The measuring instrument Questionnaire of Preschool Teachers’ Opinions on Monitoring the Psycho-physical Status of Children (α= .847), was constructed for research purposes. The Questionnaire was based on relevant literature and insights into existing educational practices. On a dichotomously structured 4-level scale, preschool teachers estimated that the most important purpose of documenting children’s development is the planning of developmental incentives (M=3.63; SD= 0.495). They agree that monitoring should be continuous throughout the entire academic year (M=3.53; SD= 0.666). Likewise, preschool teachers are less inclined to one-time assessments of a children’s psycho-physical status, considering “a testing” unlikely to provide a realistic image of their development (M=1.88; SD=0.797). No correlation was found between preschool teachers’ age, length of service, and level of education. Using the t-test of independent samples, a mild/weak, but statistically significant difference in the preschool teachers’ assessment between the subsamples was determined.
Balancing acts: Parental coping and adaptation during COVID-19 in Türkiye
Authors: Simsar Ahmet , Karaman Mehmet Akif , Sarı Halil Ibrahim
Published: February 2024

The global health crisis, COVID-19, swiftly enveloped people all around the world. Upon the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 as a pandemic, numerous countries have determined their own road maps. The main purpose of this study was to understand the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the life balance of parents with children aged 0-6 years in Türkiye. This study was a cross-sectional design. The data was collected from 514 parents who have at least one child at the age of 6 or less. Results showed that there were several direct and indirect relationships between demographic measures (gender, age, educational status, number of children in home and employment status of parents), mediating variables (self-rated measures such as support from distance learning, support from others), and endogenous variables (life balance variables). The findings of the study showed that “new normal” has entailed potential job losses for some individuals and changed perspectives and delivery methods of education. The findings also highlighted the importance of parents’ engagement into education for understanding and helping children’s development.
Aplicación del Modelo Pedagógico Aula Invertida en la Materia de Armonía del Conservatorio Superior José María Rodríguez
Authors: Hernández Sarmiento Carlos Felipe , Calle González Lourdes Patricia , Plaza Criollo Diego Roberto , Cordero Ochoa Ismael Santiago
Published: February 2024

Se implementó el modelo educativo aula invertida flipped classroom en la materia de armonía del conservatorio superior de Cuenca-Ecuador. Se trabajó en dos grupos, un grupo de control que recibió las clases con el método tradicional, y un grupo al que se implementó el experimento. Además, se proporcionó a los alumnos las pre clases en formato de videos cortos acompañados del respectivo texto con el objetivo de invertir el aula, dando un acompañamiento más personalizado en las clases grupales para la realización de tareas y ejercicios, y proporcionando material de consulta en línea para antes y después de las clases.  El objetivo fue rediseñar acciones formativas para los estudiantes de formación artística del Conservatorio Superior de Cuenca que permitan identificar la manera en que el modelo de aula invertida pueda ser aplicado eficazmente. Como resultados, es posible decir que existe una respuesta efectiva de los estudiantes en cuanto a los niveles de aprendizaje, sin embargo, hay que tener en cuenta que se trabajó con una población de conveniencia, lo cual puede ser un factor determinante en poblaciones más grandes.
Avestica, Sogdo-Yagnobica, and Indo-Europæica
Authors:   University of California, Berkeley, USA, Schwartz Martin
Published: February 2024

The phonological form of two late Avestan words, problematic from the Indo-Iranian viewpoint, will be explained through an examination of Middle and New Iranian, and particularly Yaghnobi, with consequences for Avestan textual history. A Proto-Indo-European form will also be given and its semantics analyzed.
My Soul Mate
Authors:   The Ministry of Education of Iran, Varamin, Tehran province, Iran, Mousavian Hossein , Nickkhah Mehdi ,   The Ministry of Education of Iran, Varamin, Tehran province, Iran
Published: February 2024

The article presents the text of the Mazandarani folk song “My soul mate” in the original Mazandarani language, and in both English (with commentaries) and Russian translations, accompanied by a MazandaraniPersian-English-Russian table of vocabulary.
The sacred and the literary: On translating the Bible and Narnia into Tuvan
Authors:   Institute for Bible Translation, Moscow, Russia, Voinov Vitaly
Published: February 2024

Abstract: The present article offers a brief comparison of issues encountered when translating the Bible and the Chronicles of Narnia into the Tuvan language of south Siberia. Many of the issues are similar, such as the need for developing a system of key terms, dealing with cultural mismatch between the source text and recipient language, and taking into account audience expectations. Some significant differences include the level of difficulty in understanding the meaning of the original text and the degree of freedom a translator has in translating sacred versus non-sacred text.
The adverbializer guža in Andi
Authors:   Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Maisak Timur ,   HSE University, Moscow, Russia
Published: February 2024

The present article examines the marker guža (гужа) in Andi, a language of the Avar-Andic branch of the Nakh-Daghestanian family. This marker often co-occurs with finite verb forms, so one may think of analysing it as a verbal suffix that derives converbs from finite verbs. However, as I show with examples taken from Andi texts, guža functions as a more general adverbializer that produces adverbials from both clauses and constituents of various types, namely noun phrases, postpositional phrases and adverbs. Thus, guža is not a verbal suffix as such, but rather a syntactic marker which is placed in the rightmost element of a constituent or a clause.
On phonetic variations in Russian word roots in the “Dictionary of Morphemes of the Russian Language”
Authors:   Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia, Kretov Aleksey , Shudrikova Anastasia ,   Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
Published: February 2024

The present article investigates variation in the forms of word roots as presented in the “Dictionary of Morphemes of the Russian Language” by A. I. Kuznetsova and T. F. Efremova (Moscow, 1986). The following conclusions are drawn: the root is a historical concept, and its composition should be determined in relation to a specific historical era: Proto-Indo-European (PIE), Proto-Slavic or Common-Slavic (in the East or South Slavic version).The allophones of the roots of PIE antiquity {e/o/ø} represent a hyperphoneme, with a morphologized distribution of alternative forms, and the lexical meaning of such roots is expressed by consonants and sonants. The closer to the root, the further away from modernity. The division of a word into morphemes should be carried out to the maximum historical depth. A derived word is not a point in an affixal coordinate system, but a trajectory with a number of steps equal to the number of affixes.
Factors preventing understanding
Authors:   Institute of Linguistics RAS, Moscow, Russia, Alpatov Vladimir
Published: February 2024

Sometimes participants in the communicative process use a conscious strategy of hampering or preventing understanding. This strategy comes in two varieties. The speaker can speak in a way that keeps outsiders from understanding: secret languages. Besides this, speakers can use a language (or language variety) in any situation, regardless of whether or not the fellow interlocutor knows this language. Such a strategy is related to the need for identity. For instance, in Belorussia some nationalistically-minded people choose to speak only Belorussian even with monolingual Russian speakers. In doing this, they emphasize the prestige of Belorussian even though it increases the difficulty in communicating.
Traces of Ossetic in Finno-Ugric languages of the Ural region
Authors:   Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Mudrak Oleg
Published: February 2024

The analysis of late Iranian loanwords in Finno-Ugric languages spoken in the Ural Mountains region demonstrates that there is no specifically Scythian-Sarmatian layer of borrowings in these languages. The representative group of loanwords reflects contact with the Ossetic language in particular.
Marketing applications in the public sector. A systematic review
Authors: Orellana Bueno Diego Vinicio , Pérez Jara Pablo Javier
Published: February 2024

Marketing in the public sector has a crucial role to play in building trust, enabling efficient communication between the public and the governing body and enhancing socio-economic progress. The objective of the research is to conduct a systematic review of the existing literature on the practical applications of marketing in the public sector. The methodology was descriptive and qualitative conducted through a systematic review. The results allow distinguishing the main contributions and practical applications made by studies on marketing in the public sector. It can be concluded that examining the pragmatic implications of marketing in the sector is of considerable importance because of its ability to revolutionize the delivery of government services. By understanding the demands and trends of the population, public sector entities can strategically design and modify their systems to address these needs more efficiently and improve the allocation of limited resources.