bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical prediction models for hospital falls: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Parsons Rex , Cramb Susanna M , McPhail Steven M
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Falls remain one of the most prevalent adverse events in hospitals and are associated with substantial negative health impacts and costs. Approaches to assess patients’ fall risk have been implemented in hospitals internationally, ranging from brief screening questions to multifactorial risk assessments and complex prediction models, despite a lack of clear evidence of effect in reducing falls in acute hospital environments. The increasing digitisation of hospital systems provides new opportunities to understand and predict falls using routinely recorded data, with potential to integrate fall prediction models into real-time or near-real-time computerised decision support for clinical teams seeking to mitigate fall risk. However, the use of non-traditional approaches to fall risk prediction, including machine learning using integrated electronic medical records, has not yet been reviewed relative to more traditional fall prediction models. This scoping review will summarise methodologies used to develop existing hospital fall prediction models, including reporting quality assessment.

Methods and analysis

This scoping review will follow the Arksey and O’Malley framework and its recent advances, and will be reported using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews recommendations. Four electronic databases (CINAHL via EBSCOhost, PubMed, IEEE Xplore and Embase) will be initially searched for studies up to 12 November 2020, and searches may be updated prior to final reporting. Additional studies will be identified by reference list review and citation analysis of included studies. No restriction will be placed on the date or language of identified studies. Screening of search results and extraction of data will be performed by two independent reviewers. Reporting quality will be assessed by the adherence to the Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required for this study. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication and scientific conferences.
Efficacy of perioperative immunonutrition in visceral surgery: an umbrella review protocol
Authors: Slim Karem , Badon Flora , Vacheron Charles-Hervé , Dziri Chadli , Marquillier Thomas
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Immunonutrition (IN) is generally used before major visceral surgery with the intent to reduce postoperative complications, especially infectious ones. However, the conclusions of published meta-analyses are conflicting. The purpose of this review is to synthesise the data of published systematic reviews on the effectiveness of IN.

Methods and analysis

This protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Protocols guidelines. This is an umbrella review of systematic reviews comparing IN (delivered orally 5–7 days preoperatively) with normal diet or isocaloric isonitrogenous feeding before visceral surgery performed on any of several viscera (colorectum, stomach, pancreas, liver, oesophagus). We search the systematic reviews included in the main bibliographic databases. To assess the efficacy of IN, several outcomes will be considered: the main outcome is infectious complications (surgical site infections, pulmonary infections or urinary infections) and secondary outcomes are overall morbidity, hospital length of stay and mortality. Identified reviews will be screened by two independent assessors. The methodological quality of relevant included reviews will be assessed using A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) instrument. The data extracted from included reviews will be synthesised using the r-Metafor package considering separate groups according to the viscus of interest. Publication bias will be evaluated, and subgroup analyses will be performed according to the quality of studies and preoperative nutritional status.

Ethics and dissemination

An umbrella review based on published data from systematic reviews needs no ethical approval. Furthermore, no patient will be involved in the review. Once terminated, the review will be submitted for publication in an open access journal to ensure wide dissemination of the findings.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021255177.
Dynamic response of reinforced concrete sheds against the impact of rock block with different shapes and angles
Authors: Liu Chun , Phuong Nguyen , Zhao Shichun
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to quantitatively identify the influence of the block impact angle and block shape on the impact effect of reinforced concrete (RC) sheds. The smooth particle hydrodynamic (SPH) method and finite element method (FEM) were coupled and used to solve the simulation difficulty of large deformation of the sand buffer layer in the RC shed. SPH was used to simulate the sand buffer layer in the impact area that experienced large deformation. Concrete, reinforced, bedrock, block and sand buffer layer in the non-impact area were simulated by FEM. The accuracy of the coupled model was verified by the full-scale test data. Finally, the impact forces and the dynamic responses of the RC shed were analyzed, focusing on the effects of the block impact angle and shape. The numerical results show that the coupled SPH-FEM method is effective for simulating how block impacts the RC shed. The block impact angle and shape can significantly influence the normal and tangential impact forces. The design of the RC shed based on the assumption of blocks as free-falling spherical projectiles can lead to inaccuracy in some impact scenarios, and an appropriate correction was put forward in available empirical calculating formulae to include the effect of the irregular shape and impact angle of the block. The sand buffer layer dissipates a large part of the energy, which accounts for at least 58% of the initial impact energy.
Effect of light quality and extended photoperiod on flower bud induction during transplant production of day-neutral strawberry cultivars
Authors: Sidhu Varinder , Bernier-English Valérie , Lamontagne-Drolet Marianne , Gravel Valérie
Published: September 2021

Day-neutral (DN) strawberry cultivars are increasingly grown in Canada because they produce flowers and fruits continuously until October. Appropriate artificial lighting conditions during preparation of high-quality transplants is critical. Unfortunately, systematic evaluation of appropriate artificial lighting conditions during transplant production is limited. The objective of this study was to determine how an extended photoperiod supplemented with different light quality affects the vegetative and reproductive growth of a day-neutral cultivar during transplant production. In the first trial, we investigated the photoperiodic nature of the DN cultivar ‘Albion’ under low intensity incandescent light. Transplants were grown under three light combinations with different far-red : blue ratios (1:5, 5:1 and 1:1), supplemented for long day (LD; 24 h), short day (SD; 10 h) photoperiods and during a night interruption (NI) for 2 h. ‘Albion’ cultivar exhibited similar degree of flowering sensitivity regardless of photoperiod duration when incandescent light was used as predominant light source. In case of light emitting diodes (LEDs), dominant blue (1:5) LEDs prompted a significant increase in flower bud induction (FBI), more explicitly under the LD photoperiod. Furthermore, transplants grown under dominant blue light (1:5) supplied during NI produced eight flower buds per plant, the highest among all treatments, and promoted flower development outside the crown. Based on the results, it appears that lower wavelengths advance flowering and higher wavelengths contribute towards the morphological traits especially during transplant production. Results suggest that combination of far-red and blue LEDs at 1:5 ratio could be a potential light source to improve flower bud induction and floral development to subsequently increase fruit production.
Observing $$t{\bar{t}}Z$$ spin correlations at the LHC
Authors: Ravina Baptiste , Simpson Ethan , Howarth James
Published: September 2021

Spin correlations in the production of top-antitop quark ($$t{\bar{t}}$$

t

t

¯

) pairs at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are an experimentally verified prediction of the Standard Model. In this paper, we compute the full spin density matrix for $$t{\bar{t}}Z$$

t

t

¯

Z

production at next-to-leading order precision in QCD, for center-of-mass energies of 13 and 14 $$\text {TeV}$$
TeV
. We find that the additional emission of a Z boson leads to significantly different spin correlations with respect to the $$t{\bar{t}}$$

t

t

¯

case, and induces small longitudinal polarisations of the top quarks. We further propose an analysis strategy that could lead to the observation of spin correlations in $$t{\bar{t}}Z$$

t

t

¯

Z

events at the end of Run 3 of the LHC, or possibly earlier by combining the ATLAS and CMS datasets. In addition, we show that the pure angular information contained in the spin density matrix provides novel constraints on the dimension-6 effective field theory operators relevant to the t-Z interaction, without any reference to the total production rates.
Enhancing traffic capacity for multilayer networks by link rewiring
Authors: Li Min , Ma Jinlong , Zhang Junfeng
Published: September 2021

The traffic dynamics of complex networks is closely related to network structure. By changing network structure, the traffic dynamics behavior can be optimized. Faced with the network congestion problem, we focus on the relationship between network traffic capacity and its structure. The multilayer networks are studied, which are composed of high-speed and low-speed layers. A link rewiring strategy is proposed to change the low-speed layer structure and improve the network traffic capacity. Compared with the random link rewiring strategy, the purposeful link rewiring strategy can improve network traffic capacity. A large number of simulations are carried out under the effective traffic-flow assignment strategy to prove the effectiveness of the link rewiring strategy. This strategy improves packet transmission efficiency of low-speed layer, and reduces the average length of effective path, which indicates that adjustment of low-speed layer structure can improve traffic capacity of multilayer networks.
What Graphs are 2-Dot Product Graphs?
Authors: Johnson Matthew , Paulusma Daniël , van Leeuwen Erik Jan
Published: September 2021

Let [Formula: see text] be an integer. From a set of [Formula: see text]-dimensional vectors, we obtain a [Formula: see text]-dot product graph by letting each vector [Formula: see text] correspond to a vertex [Formula: see text] and by adding an edge between two vertices [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] if and only if their dot product [Formula: see text], for some fixed, positive threshold [Formula: see text]. Dot product graphs can be used to model social networks. Recognizing a [Formula: see text]-dot product graph is known to be [Formula: see text]-hard for all fixed [Formula: see text]. To understand the position of [Formula: see text]-dot product graphs in the landscape of graph classes, we consider the case [Formula: see text], and investigate how [Formula: see text]-dot product graphs relate to a number of other known graph classes including a number of well-known classes of intersection graphs.
Classifying finite monomial linear groups of prime degree in characteristic zero
Authors: Bácskai Z. , Flannery D. L. , O’Brien E. A.
Published: September 2021

Let [Formula: see text] be a prime and let [Formula: see text] be the complex field. We explicitly classify the finite solvable irreducible monomial subgroups of [Formula: see text] up to conjugacy. That is, we give a complete and irredundant list of [Formula: see text]-conjugacy class representatives as generating sets of monomial matrices. Copious structural information about non-solvable finite irreducible monomial subgroups of [Formula: see text] is also proved, enabling a classification of all such groups bar one family. We explain the obstacles in that exceptional case. For [Formula: see text], we classify all finite irreducible subgroups of [Formula: see text]. Our classifications are available publicly in MAGMA.
Homotopy liftings and Hochschild cohomology of some twisted tensor products
Authors: Ocal Pablo S. , Oke Tolulope , Witherspoon Sarah
Published: September 2021

The Hochschild cohomology of a tensor product of algebras is isomorphic to a graded tensor product of Hochschild cohomology algebras, as a Gerstenhaber algebra. A similar result holds when the tensor product is twisted by a bicharacter. We present new proofs of these isomorphisms, using Volkov’s homotopy liftings that were introduced for handling Gerstenhaber brackets expressed on arbitrary bimodule resolutions. Our results illustrate the utility of homotopy liftings for theoretical purposes.
Effects of thermal misfit strains on dielectric features of sandwich barium strontium titanate multilayer thin films on metal plates
Authors: Dong Hanting , Ke Liang , Hui Xiangjun , Mao Jiangfeng , Du Haiqing , Xu Wenqin , Hu Xiaodong
Published: September 2021

Effects of thermal misfit strains on dielectric features for sandwich structural barium strontium titanate (BST) thin films on metal plates were investigated via a modified thermodynamic model. When TEC of substrates is closer to that of BST, larger permittivity and tunability can be received. The tendency of permittivities and tunabilities of such films as a function of TEC of substrates agrees with that of single compositional BST films and compositionally graded BST multilayer films. The highest tunability reaches 60% at the biasing field of 300 kV/cm when the films are onto Ti metal. Moreover, Ba[Formula: see text]Sr[Formula: see text]TiO3/Ba[Formula: see text]Sr[Formula: see text]TiO3/Ba[Formula: see text]Sr[Formula: see text]TiO3 structure can obtain higher tunability than Ba[Formula: see text]Sr[Formula: see text]TiO3/Ba[Formula: see text]Sr[Formula: see text]TiO3/Ba[Formula: see text]Sr[Formula: see text]TiO3 structure, while Ba[Formula: see text]Sr[Formula: see text]TiO3/Ba[Formula: see text]Sr[Formula: see text]TiO3/Ba[Formula: see text]Sr[Formula: see text]TiO3 films show better compatible composition range for relatively larger tunability. Dielectric properties of sandwich-like BST films in some references can also be analyzed based on our calculated results.
Towards Tokenization and Part-of-Speech Tagging for Khmer: Data and Discussion
Authors: Kaing Hour , Ding Chenchen , Utiyama Masao , Sumita Eiichiro , Sam Sethserey , Seng Sopheap , Sudoh Katsuhito , Nakamura Satoshi
Published: September 2021

As a highly analytic language, Khmer has considerable ambiguities in tokenization and
part-of-speech (POS)
tagging processing. This topic is investigated in this study. Specifically, a 20,000-sentence Khmer corpus with manual tokenization and POS-tagging annotation is released after a series of work over the last 4 years. This is the largest morphologically annotated Khmer dataset as of 2020, when this article was prepared. Based on the annotated data, experiments were conducted to establish a comprehensive benchmark on the automatic processing of tokenization and POS-tagging for Khmer. Specifically, a support vector machine, a
conditional random field (CRF)
, a
long short-term memory (LSTM)
-based recurrent neural network, and an integrated LSTM-CRF model have been investigated and discussed. As a primary conclusion, processing at morpheme-level is satisfactory for the provided data. However, it is intrinsically difficult to identify further grammatical constituents of compounds or phrases because of the complex analytic features of the language. Syntactic annotation and automatic parsing for Khmer will be scheduled in the near future.
Synchronization Strings: Codes for Insertions and Deletions Approaching the Singleton Bound
Authors: Haeupler Bernhard , Shahrasbi Amirbehshad
Published: September 2021

We introduce
synchronization strings
, which provide
a novel way to efficiently deal with

synchronization errors

, i.e., insertions and deletions. Synchronization errors are strictly more general and much harder to cope with than more commonly considered
Hamming-type errors
, i.e., symbol substitutions and erasures. For every
ε
> 0, synchronization strings allow us to index a sequence with an
ε
-O(1)
-size alphabet, such that one can

efficiently transform
k
synchronization errors into (1 +
ε)k
Hamming-type errors

. This powerful new technique has many applications. In this article, we focus on designing
insdel codes
, i.e., error correcting block codes (ECCs) for insertion-deletion channels.

While ECCs for both Hamming-type errors and synchronization errors have been intensely studied, the latter has largely resisted progress. As Mitzenmacher puts it in his 2009 survey [30]: “
Channels with synchronization errors...are simply not adequately understood by current theory. Given the near-complete knowledge, we have for channels with erasures and errors...our lack of understanding about channels with synchronization errors is truly remarkable.
” Indeed, it took until 1999 for the first insdel codes with constant rate, constant distance, and constant alphabet size to be constructed and only since 2016 are there constructions of constant rate insdel codes for asymptotically large noise rates. Even in the asymptotically large or small noise regimes, these codes are polynomially far from the optimal rate-distance tradeoff. This makes the understanding of insdel codes up to this work equivalent to what was known for regular ECCs after Forney introduced concatenated codes in his doctoral thesis 50 years ago.

A straightforward application of our synchronization strings-based indexing method gives a simple black-box construction that
transforms any ECC into an equally efficient insdel code
with only a small increase in the alphabet size. This instantly transfers much of the highly developed understanding for regular ECCs into the realm of insdel codes. Most notably, for the complete noise spectrum, we obtain efficient “near-MDS” insdel codes, which get arbitrarily close to the optimal rate-distance tradeoff given by the Singleton bound. In particular, for any
δ ∈
(0,1) and
ε
> 0, we give a family of insdel codes achieving a rate of 1 -
δ - ε
over a constant-size alphabet that efficiently corrects a
δ
fraction of insertions or deletions.
Personality Assessment of Children and Adolescents
Authors: Shiner Rebecca L. , Soto Christopher J. , De Fruyt Filip
Published: September 2021

This review offers a theoretical and practical guide to assessing a broad range of personality differences in middle childhood and adolescence. We begin by highlighting normative changes in middle childhood and adolescence that shape the personality differences youth display. We then review the assessment of four broad domains of personality in children and adolescents: temperament and personality traits, social-emotional-behavioral (SEB) skills, motivation and agency (including goals, values, and interests), and narrative identity. We conclude by offering a primer of general principles for assessing personality in childhood and adolescence: pursuing ongoing construct validation, weighing strengths and weaknesses of various informants and data sources, combining measures, addressing heterotypic continuity, obtaining child self-reports, and pursuing promising new directions. It is well worth taking on the challenges inherent in assessing these individual differences because children and adolescents display a rich, complex, and meaningful set of still-changing personality differences that shape the course of their lives.
Immune Sexual Dimorphism: Connecting the Dots
Authors: Gal-Oz Shani Talia , Shay Tal
Published: September 2021

Despite numerous studies of immune sexual dimorphism, sexual differences are not rigorously mapped and dimorphic mechanisms are incompletely understood. Current immune research typically studies sex differences in specific cells, tissues, or diseases but without providing an integrated picture. To connect the dots, we suggest comprehensive research approaches to better our understanding of immune sexual dimorphism and its mechanisms.
Diagnosis of COVID‐19 Using a Deep Learning Model in Various Radiology Domains
Authors: Alhwaiti Yousef , Siddiqi Muhammad Hameed , Alruwaili Madallah , Alrashdi Ibrahim , Alanazi Saad , Jamal Muhammad Hasan
Published: September 2021

Many countries are severely affected by COVID‐19, and various casualties have been reported. Most countries have implemented full and partial lockdowns to control COVID‐19. Paramedical employee infections are always a threatening discovery. Front‐line paramedical employees might initially be at risk when observing and treating patients, who can contaminate them through respiratory secretions. If proper preventive measures are absent, front‐line paramedical workers will be in danger of contamination and can become unintentional carriers to patients admitted in the hospital for other illnesses and treatments. Moreover, every country has limited testing capacity; therefore, a system is required which helps the doctor to directly check and analyze the patients’ blood structure. This study proposes a generalized adaptive deep learning model that helps the front‐line paramedical employees to easily detect COVID‐19 in different radiology domains. In this work, we designed a model using convolutional neural network in order to detect COVID‐19 from X‐ray, Computed Tomography (CT), and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images. The proposed model has 27 layers (input, convolutional, max‐pooling, dropout, flatten, dense, and output layers), which has been tested and validated on various radiology domains such as X‐ray, CT, and MRI. For experiments, we utilized 70% of the dataset for training and 30% for testing against each dataset. The weighted average accuracies for the proposed model are 94%, 85%, and 86% on X‐ray, CT, and MRI, respectively. The experiments show the significance of the model against state‐of‐the‐art works.
A Hybrid Approach Based on Grey Wolf and Whale Optimization Algorithms for Solving Cloud Task Scheduling Problem
Authors: Ababneh Jafar
Published: September 2021

In the context of cloud computing, one problem that is frequently encountered is task scheduling. This problem has two primary implications, which are the planning of tasks on virtual machines and the attenuation of performance. In order to address the problem of task scheduling in cloud computing, requisite nontraditional optimization attitudes to attain the optima of the problem, the present paper puts forth a hybrid multiple-objective approach called hybrid grey wolf and whale optimization (HGWWO) algorithms, that integrates two algorithms, namely, the grey wolf optimizer (GWO) and the whale optimization algorithm (WOA), with the purpose of conjoining the advantages of each algorithm for minimizing costs, energy consumption, and total execution time needed for task implementation, beside that improving the use of resources. Assessment of the aims of the proposed approach is carried out with the help of the tool known as CloudSim. As pointed out by the results of the experimental work undertaken, the proposed approach has the capability of performing at a superior level by comparison to the original algorithms GWO and WOA on their own with regard to costs, energy consumption, makespan, use of resources, and degree of imbalance.
A Binary Adaptive Clone Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm for Three‐Dimensional Low‐Energy Target Coverage Optimization in Environmental Monitoring Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Liu Bao , Yang Rui , Xu Mengying , Zhou Jie
Published: September 2021

In recent years, more and more researchers have paid attention to the three‐dimensional target coverage of environmental monitoring wireless sensor networks (EMWSNs) under real environmental conditions. However, the target coverage method studied in the traditional two‐dimensional plane is full of loopholes when applied in the real three‐dimensional physical world. Most coverage algorithms usually only optimize for a single problem of target coverage or network energy consumption and cannot reduce network energy consumption while improving coverage. This paper proposes a novel binary adaptive clone shuffled leapfrog algorithm (BACSFLA) suitable for EMWSNs. BACSFLA has an excellent performance in the coverage of three‐dimensional nodes, which can significantly reduce the network energy consumption of ENWSNs in the coverage process, and greatly improve the coverage of nodes. Through simulation experiments, BACSFLA was compared with simulated annealing (SA) and genetic algorithm (GA) in the same conditional parameters. The coverage rate of BACSFLA in EMWSNs is 3.9% higher than that of GA and 5.4% higher than that of SA. The network energy consumption of BACSFLA is 36.0% lower than GA and 35.9% lower than SA. Moreover, BACSFLA can significantly reduce the calculation time and get better results in a shorter time.
The Development of Primary Effusion Lymphoma-Like Lymphoma in a Patient with Preexisting Essential Thrombocythemia
Authors: Uemura Yoshiki , Komoto Marina , Okada Mitsuo
Published: September 2021

A 71-year-old Japanese male was diagnosed with essential thrombocythemia (ET) with the JAK2 V617F mutation variation, in April 2011. He was mainly treated with hydroxyurea following which the number of platelets was maintained within the normal limit. At age 80, he was hospitalized due to cardiac tamponade. Computed tomography showed no evidence of tumor masses or lymphadenopathy. Pericardial drainage was performed, and cytopathologic examination of the fluid revealed atypical lymphoid cells consistent with an effusion lymphoma of B cell lineage. The pericardial effusion was completely drained, and complete remission was achieved. Ultimately, the patient was diagnosed with primary effusion lymphoma-like lymphoma (PEL-LL). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of PEL-LL following ET.
Experimental Estimation of the Heat Transfer Coefficient of an Unglazed Solar Plate for Unsteady Humid Outdoor Condition
Authors: Uba Felix , Essandoh Eric Osei , Akolgo Gilbert Ayine , Opoku Richard , Oppong-Kyereh Lawrence , Gyimah Eric Anokye
Published: September 2021

This research presents a study on the heat transfer coefficient for an unglazed solar plate collector in an unsteady humid outdoor environment. The purpose for undertaking this research is to investigate the correlation between the heat transfer coefficient and air speed and also verify whether heat transfer from unglazed solar thermal collectors under outdoor conditions can be experimentally determined using a particular mathematical relationship for different locations. In estimating the heat transfer coefficient for an unglazed solar plate in an unsteady humid outdoor condition, an experiment was held using an outdoor setup that measured temperatures, wind speeds, and solar radiations from 11:00 A.M. to 2:00 P.M. The solar plate collector was placed on a flat bed of height 2.2 m and a collection area of 0743 m2. An average temperature of 45°C was recorded for a mild steel plate collector which was initially exposed to an ambient temperature which ranges from 25°C to 32°C. The interfacial temperature between the plate and an asbestos board ranges from 42°C to 52°C, and that of the asbestos and a plywood is 40°C to 46°C. The specific heat capacity of the mild steel plate and the asbestos board used for the construction of the experimental setup are 25.00 kJ/kg and 950.00 kJ/kg, respectively, while the thermal conductivity of these materials is 0.46 W/m·K and 0.25 W/m·K, respectively. The novelty of this work is the use of such a study to generate empirical equations for Ghana and to produce representative equations for determining the heat transfer coefficient for solar plate collectors in unsteady humid outdoor conditions in West Africa. This work is expected to contribute data alongside similar works done for different areas to help propose empirical equations for estimating global and not site-specific heat transfer coefficients.
Effects of Allium cepa and Its Constituents on Respiratory and Allergic Disorders: A Comprehensive Review of Experimental and Clinical Evidence
Authors: Beigoli Sima , Behrouz Sepideh , Memarzia Arghavan , Ghasemi Seyyedeh Zahra , Boskabady Marzie , Marefati Narges , Kianian Farzaneh , Khazdair Mohammad Reza , El-Seedi Hesham , Boskabady Mohammad Hosein
Published: September 2021

The health benefits of Allium cepa (A. cepa) have been proclaimed for centuries. Various pharmacological and therapeutic effects on respiratory, allergic, and immunologic disorders are shown by A. cepa and its constituents. Flavonoids such as quercetin and kaempferol, alk(en)yl cysteine sulfoxides including S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide and S-propyl cysteine sulfoxide, cycloalliin, thiosulfinates, and sulfides are the main compounds of the plant. A. cepa displays broad-spectrum pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, and antidiabetic effects. Our objective in this review is to present the effects of A. cepa and its constituents on respiratory, allergic, and immunologic disorders. Different online databases were searched to find articles related to the effect of A. cepa extracts and its constituents on respiratory, allergic, and immunologic disorders until the end of December 2020 using keywords such as onion, A. cepa, constituents of A. cepa, therapeutic effects and pharmacological effects, and respiratory, allergic, and immunologic disorders. Extracts and constituents of A. cepa showed tracheal smooth muscle relaxant effects, indicating possible bronchodilator activities or relieving effects on obstructive respiratory diseases. In experimental animal models of different respiratory diseases, the preventive effect of various extracts and constituents of A. cepa was induced by their antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory effects. The preventive effects of the plant and its components on lung disorders induced by exposure to noxious agents as well as lung cancer, lung infection, and allergic and immunologic disorders were also indicated in the experimental and clinical studies. Therefore, this review may be considered a scientific basis for development of therapies using this plant, to improve respiratory, allergic, and immunologic disorders.
Spasmolytic Effect of Grewia asiatica Fruit Extract on Isolated Smooth Muscles is Mediated via Multiple Pathways
Authors: Ghayur Muhammad Nabeel , Ahmad Saeed , Gilani Anwarul Hassan
Published: September 2021

Background. Grewia asiatica Linn, or phalsa, is a commonly consumed fruit in Pakistan. The fruit is employed in the traditional medicine practice of Pakistan as a smooth muscle relaxant in different gastrointestinal (GI) and cardiovascular diseases. In this investigation, we show the antispasmodic and vasorelaxant actions of Grewia asiatica fruit extract. Methods. A 70% methanolic crude extract of the plant material was prepared (Ga.Cr). Different isolated GI tissue preparations and endothelium-intact aortas from rats were utilized to observe the pharmacological actions of the extract. Results. Ga.Cr, in increasing concentrations, inhibited the spontaneously contracting rabbit jejunum. In an effort to determine the mechanism of this relaxant action, contractions were induced in jejunum and ileum tissues with K+ (80 mM). Ga.Cr was able to only partially inhibit these induced contractions indicating that the mechanism might not be completely through a blockade of Ca2+ channels (CCB). When tested on low K+-(25 mM) sustained contractions, Ga.Cr cumulatively suppressed these contractions (0.1–10 mg/ml), indicating an opening of K+ channels (KCO) as the mechanism. Cromakalim, a standard KCO, was also more specific in blocking low K+-induced contractions. For the effect in aorta tissues, Ga.Cr suppressed the agonist-induced contractions from 0.3 mg/ml to 10 mg/ml. Upon challenge with L-NAME, a nitric oxide (NO) blocker, the extract response curve shifted right, indicating vasodilation was mediated via endothelial NO. Conclusion. This study shows that GI antispasmodic and vasodilator activities of Ga.Cr may be mediated via a KCO mechanism in the GI tract and through the release of NO from vascular endothelium.
Application of Convolution Neural Network (CNN) Model Combined with Pyramid Algorithm in Aerobics Action Recognition
Authors: Liang Qi
Published: September 2021

In order to realize high‐accuracy recognition of aerobics actions, a highly applicable deep learning model and faster data processing methods are required. Therefore, it is a major difficulty in the field of research on aerobics action recognition. Based on this, this paper studies the application of the convolution neural network (CNN) model combined with the pyramid algorithm in aerobics action recognition. Firstly, the basic architecture of the convolution neural network model based on the pyramid algorithm is proposed. Combined with the application strategy of the common recognition model in aerobics action recognition, the traditional aerobics action capture information is processed. Through the characteristics of different aerobics actions, different accurate recognition is realized, and then, the error of the recognition model is evaluated. Secondly, the composite recognition function of the convolution neural network model in this application is constructed, and the common data layer effect recognition method is used in the optimization recognition. Aiming at the shortcomings of the composite recognition function, the pyramid algorithm is used to improve the convolution neural network recognition model by deep learning optimization. Finally, through the effectiveness comparison experiment, the results show that the convolution neural network model based on the pyramid algorithm is more efficient than the conventional recognition method in aerobics action recognition.
Early Perihematomal Edema Expansion: Definition, Significance, and Association with Outcomes after Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Lv Xin-Ni , Li Zuo-Qiao , Deng Lan , Yang Wen-Song , Li Yu-Lun , Huang Yuan-Jun , Shen Yi-Qing , Xie Xiong-Fei , Li Xin-Hui , Wang Zi-Jie , Zhang Zhi-Wei , Lv Fa-Jin , Luo Jin-Biao , Sun Shu-Jie , Xie Peng , Li Qi
Published: September 2021

Objective. To investigate the association between early perihematomal edema (PHE) expansion and functional outcome in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods. Patients with ICH who underwent initial computed tomography (CT) scans within 6 hours after the onset of symptoms and follow‐up CT scans within 24 ± 12 hours were included. Absolute PHE increase was defined as the absolute increase in PHE volume from baseline to 24 hours. A receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated to determine the cutoff value for early PHE expansion, which was operationally defined as an absolute increase in PHE volume of >6 mL. The outcome of interest was 3‐month poor outcome defined as modified Rankin scale score of ≥4. A multivariable logistic regression procedure was used to assess the association between early PHE expansion and outcome after ICH. Results. In 233 patients with ICH, 89 (38.2%) patients had poor outcome at 3‐month follow‐up. Early PHE expansion was observed in 56 of 233 (24.0%) patients. Patients with early PHE expansion were more likely to have poor functional outcome than those without (43.8% vs. 11.8%, p < 0.001). After adjusting for age, admission systolic blood pressure, admission Glasgow Coma Scale score, baseline ICH volume and the presence of intraventricular hemorrhage, and time from onset to CT, early PHE expansion was associated with poor outcome (adjusted odds ratio, 4.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.70–10.60; p = 0.002). Conclusions. The early PHE expansion was not uncommon in patients with ICH and was correlated with poor outcome following ICH.
[Retracted] Identification of Key Genes and Immune Infiltrate in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: A Bioinformatic Analysis
Authors: Jiang Zhen-yu , Zhou Yi , Zhou Lu , Li Shao-wei , Wang Bang-mao
Published: September 2021

Background. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) can progress to cirrhosis and hepatic carcinoma and is closely associated with changes in the neurological environment. The discovery of new biomarkers would aid in the treatment of NASH. Methods. Data GSE89632 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and R package “limma” was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for NASH vs. normal tissues. The STRING database was used to construct a protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network, and the Cytoscape software program (Version 3.80) was used to visualize the PPI network and identify key genes. The immune infiltration of NASH was determined using the R package “CIBERSORT”. Results. We screened 41 DEGs. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of the DEGs revealed the enrichment of pathways related to NAFLD steatosis and inflammation. A PPI network analysis was also performed on the DEGs, and seven genes (MYC, CXCL8, FOS, SOCS1, SOCS3, IL6, and PTGS2) were identified as hub genes. An immune infiltration assessment revealed that macrophages M2, memory resting CD4+ T cells, and γΔ T cells play important roles in the immune microenvironment of NASH, which may be mediated by the seven identified hub genes.
Asymptomatic Malaria and Helminths Coinfection and Its Association with Anemia among Primary School Children in Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Wudneh Feven , Gebeyehu Yabibal , Anberbir Sara
Published: September 2021

Background. Asymptomatic malaria and helminths coinfection occurs mainly in the tropics and subtropics where poverty and sanitary practice favor its high prevalence. In the tropics, where malaria is endemic, helminths also thrive resulting in coinfection. This study aimed to access the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria and helminths coinfection and its contribution for anemia in primary school children of Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Methodology. This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 413 primary school children from February to April 2020. Finger-prick blood samples were used to determine asymptomatic malaria and hemoglobin concentrations. Stool samples were collected and processed through formalin-ether concentration techniques to detect the presence of intestinal helminths. Data were double entered into Epi Data version 3.1 software and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Pearson’s chi-square and correlation analysis were performed as part of the statistical analyses. Result. A total of 413 primary school children aged 6 to 16 years (mean age ± SD: 10.7 ± 2.64years) were enrolled in the study. 159 (38.5%) of school children were infected with at least one of the parasitic diseases. The overall prevalence of asymptomatic malaria and intestinal helminths was 46 (11.1%) and 113 (27.3%) respectively. Asymptomatic malaria and helminths coinfection was 29 (7%). Total of 39.1% of asymptomatic malaria-infected school children were anemic, which is statistically significant

P
<
0.05

. 15.9% of helminths-infected school children were anemic, not statistically significant

P
>
0.05

. The prevalence of anemia was 12 (41.3%) among coinfected students, which is statistically significant

P
<
0.005

. Conclusion. Asymptomatic malaria and helminths coinfection affects the health status of considerable number of primary school children in the study area. Therefore, simultaneous combat against the two parasitic infections is crucial to improve health of the school children.
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Residents in Shanghai by Utilizing Chinese Microblog Weibo Data
Authors: Hou Li , Liu Qi , Uddin Mueen , Khattak Hizbullah , Asshad Muhammad
Published: September 2021

Mobile applications are really important nowadays due to providing the accurate check-in data for research. The primary goal of the study is to look into the impact of several forms of entertainment activities on the density dispersal of occupants in Shanghai, China, as well as prototypical check-in data from a location-based social network using a combination of temporal, spatial, and visualization techniques and categories of visitors’ check-ins. This article explores Weibo for big data assessment and its reliability in a variety of categories rather than physically obtained information by examining the link between time, frequency, place, class, and place of check-in based on geographic attributes and related implications. The data for this study came from Weibo, a popular Chinese microblog. It was preprocessed to extract the most important and associated results elements, then converted to geographical information systems format, appraised, and finally displayed using graphs, tables, and heat maps. For data significance, a linear regression model was used, and, for spatial analysis, kernel density estimation was utilized. As per results of hours-to-day usage patterns, enjoyment activities and frequency distribution are produced. Our findings are based on the check-in behaviour of users at amusement locations, the density of check-ins, rush periods for visiting amusement locations, and gender differences. Our data provide light on different elements of human behaviour patterns, the importance of entertainment venues, and their impact in Shanghai. So it can be used in pattern recognition, endorsement structures, and additional multimedia content for these collections.
Phase, Microstructure, Thermochromic, and Thermophysical Analyses of Hydrothermally Synthesized W‐Doped VO2 Nanopowder
Authors: Barra Hamdi Muhyuddin , Chen Soo Kien , Tamchek Nizam , Talib Zainal Abidin , Lee Oon Jew , Tan Kar Ban
Published: September 2021

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) has great potential as an intelligent architectural glazing system as it can control the amount of light, heat, and solar energy relative to the temperature in the environment. However, the applicability of VO2 for commercial use is yet to be realized because its phase transition temperature (τc) of ∼68°C is too high for use in buildings. A proven strategy to lower its τc is by elemental doping. Hence, in this study, hydrothermal synthesis of nanostructured VO2 was carried out with the introduction of tungsten (W) as a dopant. Furthermore, the effects of W doping on the structural, thermochromic, and thermophysical properties of VO2 were examined. Using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), it was found that the addition of W atoms affected the VO2 lattice since the crystal structure of VO2 was changed from monoclinic to tetragonal rutile. Subsequently, this influenced the thermochromic behavior of the prepared VO2. Based on the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), doping with tungsten resulted in a significant decrease in τc from 66.47°C to as low as 31.64°C. Moreover, W doping affected the thermophysical properties of the samples. Accordingly, an abrupt increase in the thermal conductivities of the doped samples was observed across the transition temperature.
Stability and Control of Retracement Channels in Thin Seam Working Faces with Soft Roof
Authors: Qin Binbin , He Fulian , Zhang Xiaobing , Xu Xuhui , Wang Wei , Li Liang , Dou Chen
Published: September 2021

To reduce the risk of roof falling and rib spalling during equipment retracement in thin coal seam faces with soft roofs, the 25070 working face of Xuehu Coal Mine was taken as the research object, and theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and field practice methods were used. Under different space relationships between retracement channels and main roof fracture, the load of hydraulic supports was quantitatively analyzed. The relationship between the working resistance of the hydraulic support and the sinking rotation angle of the immediate roof was analyzed, and a reasonable time for the arrangement of the retracement channel was determined. The sublevel excavation technology and the combined support technology of roof anchor cables and coal rib anchors were proposed. The field application shows that the falling height and rate of movable prop of the hydraulic supports, working resistance of the hydraulic supports, and the roof subsidence all meet the requirements of safety production during the terminal mining period, and the surrounding rock control effect of retracement channel was determined to be good. The safe and efficient mining of the coal mine is ensured, and the research results can provide guidance for similar working faces.
Exploration of the Curative Effect of Early Enteral Nutrition Nursing on Patients with Severe Acute Pancreatitis and the Improvement of Patients’ Mental Health and Inflammation Level
Authors: Xiao Qigui , Lang Lan , Ma Zhenhua , Zhang Yulin , Xu Kedong
Published: September 2021

In order to explore the curative effect of early enteral nutrition nursing on patients with severe acute pancreatitis and the improvement of patients’ mental health and inflammation levels, this paper compares the curative effect of early enteral nutrition nursing and traditional care on patients with severe acute pancreatitis and the improvement effects of patients’ mental health and inflammation levels through controlled trials. Moreover, this paper combines statistical methods for data processing and visually expresses data through statistical graphs and statistical tables. Through the comparison of experiments, it can be seen that the improvement effect in all aspects of patients in the test group is significantly higher than that in the control group. Finally, through the analysis of the test results, it can be known that the use of early enteral nutrition nursing for patients with acute severe acute pancreatitis has a certain effect in improving their nutritional status, regulating immune function, and promoting mental health.
Job Value and Organizational Socialization of the Youth of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area: The Mediation of Career Exploration?
Authors: Lian Zhihua , Feng Nana
Published: September 2021

This paper took the social exchange and social cognitive perspectives to examine the effects between job values and organizational socialization and how to play a mediation in career exploration and moderating effect in demographic characteristics. The research collected 700 valid samples of the youth of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area for statistical analysis and then subjected them to job value scale, career exploration, and organizational socialization scale. With structural equation model and correlation analysis, it verified that the proposed scale had demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity, a theoretical model of a good overall fit. In the final part, this paper used hierarchical regression analysis and path analysis. The results indicated that career exploration plays a mediation role between job value and organizational socialization, demographic characteristics are moderating effect between job value and career exploration, and demographic characteristics make a moderating effect between career exploration and organizational socialization, but demographic characteristics are not moderated on work value and organizational socialization.