bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variation in pollinator visitation among garden cultivars of marigold, portulaca, and bidens
Authors: Browning A , Smitley D , Studyvin J , Runkle E S , Huang Z Y , Hotchkiss E
Published: April 2023

Due to declines in pollinator populations, many people are now interested in learning about which annual flowers they can plant in their garden to better support pollinators. However, reports of experimental evaluation of cultivars of annual flowers for attraction to pollinators are scarce. We sampled pollinators visiting six cultivars of marigold (Tagetes erecta and T. patula), ten cultivars of bidens (Bidens ferulifolia and B. aurea), and eight cultivars of portulaca (Portulaca oleracea and P. grandiflora) for two years to compare pollinator visitation rates among cultivars within each flower type. Pollinators collected on flowers in research plots were categorized into four groups, honey bees (Apis mellifera), common eastern bumble bees (Bombus impatiens), wild bees, and syrphids, to show the proportion of different pollinator visitors to each cultivar. Pollinator visitation rates varied significantly among cultivars of marigold, bidens, and portulaca, with some cultivars having as much as 10-fold the visitation rate of other cultivars of the same flower type. In the second year we also evaluated nectar production and nectar quality of the most and least visited cultivars of portulaca and bidens. Our results show that pollinators have a strong preference for cultivars that produce the most nectar or nectar with the highest sugar content. This research will better inform entomologists, growers, educators, and plant breeders, about which cultivars of marigold, portulaca, and bidens are visited the most by pollinators, and how to accurately determine this at the cultivar level.
Effect of Fumagilin-B treatment timing on nosema (Vairimorpha spp.; Microspora: Nosematidae) abundance and honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies under winter management in the Canadian Prairies
Authors: Punko Rosanna N , Currie Robert W , Nasr Medhat E , Hoover Shelley E
Published: April 2023

Fumagilin-B is used to treat nosema infection in honey bee colonies; however, it is unclear whether treatment consistently reduces Vairimorpha ceranae (Fries et al.) abundance and improves colony strength and survival in the Canadian Prairies. This study assessed spring and fall fumagillin treatments on nosema abundance, colony strength, and mortality in 2 different beekeeping regions within Alberta, using both indoor and outdoor wintering management at each site. We compared 4 fumagillin treatments: Spring-only, Fall-only, Spring-and-Fall, and Control (no treatment). The spring treatment dose was ~68 mg/colony, whereas the fall treatment dose was 120 or 48 mg/colony, depending on the year. We found that the colonies were infected predominately with V. ceranae, with V. apis (Zander) present only in mixed infections in a subset of colonies. Although treatment in either the spring or fall did reduce nosema abundance in the short term, it did not eliminate the infection, making continued monitoring necessary. Colony strength was improved by spring treatment in some locations but not consistently, possibly due to the treatment timing or low dose. The combined spring and fall treatment increased colony survival over winter in one of 2 yr. Wintering method did not interact with treatment to affect nosema abundance in the spring. There does not appear to be a significant residual benefit of fall treatment as it did not reduce spring nosema abundance or increase colony population. Therefore, spring treatment should be applied to reduce spring V. ceranae abundance rather than relying on residual efficacy from previous fall treatments.
Clinical impact of comprehensive medication management services offered to geriatric and hypertensive patients
Authors: Rezende Cristiane de Paula , do Nascimento Mariana Martins Gonzaga , Ferreira Sabrina Gonçalves , Santos Bruna Damázio , Neves Carina de Morais , de Oliveira Grazielli Cristina Batista , Nascimento Yone de Almeida , Ramalho-de-Oliveira Djenane
Published: April 2023

Objectives

To assess the clinical impact of comprehensive medication management (CMM) services offered to geriatric and hypertensive patients in primary health care in Brazil.

Methods

A quasi-experimental study was carried out with patients followed up in primary care in three Brazilian cities (n = 346). McNemar’s test was used to assess the clinical impact of the service.

Key findings

A total of 1308 drug therapy problem (DTPs) were identified and 581 (44.4%) were resolved. Among the DTPs, the majority were related to non-adherence to therapy (23.9%; n = 313) or the need for additional medications (18.2%; n = 238). It was observed an increase in the proportion of people who had their blood pressure controlled at the last visit when compared with the first visit.

Conclusions

This study indicates that the CMM service can contribute to achieving blood pressure control in geriatric and hypertensive patients. The frequency of DTPs was high in the studied population, but many DTPs were resolved by pharmacists.
Particle beam therapy for pelvic recurrence of colorectal cancer: a registry data analysis in Japan and a systematic review
Authors: Murayama Shigeyuki , Yamada Shigeru , Hiroshima Yuichi , Takiyama Hirotoshi , Taguchi Hiroshi , Kimoto Takuya , Anzai Makoto , Hagiwara Yasuhito , Yasui Kazuaki , Mori Keita , Ishihara Soichiro , Ueno Hideki , Shimizu Shinichi , Aoyama Hidefumi , Tsuji Hiroshi , Sakurai Hideyuki
Published: April 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of particle beam therapy (PBT) with proton or carbon ion beam for pelvic recurrence of colorectal cancer (PRCC) by comparing the clinical outcomes of a dataset of prospectively enrolled patients for PBT with those from the literature, which were collected by a systematic review of external X-ray radiotherapy (XRT) and PBT. Patients with PRCC treated at 14 domestic facilities between May 2016 and June 2019 and entered the database for prospective observational follow-up were analyzed. The registry data analyzed included 159 PRCC patients treated with PBT of whom 126 (79%) were treated with carbon ion radiation therapy (CIRT). The 3-year overall survival and local control rate were 81.8 and 76.4%, respectively. Among these PRCC patients, 5.7% had Grade 3 or higher toxicity. Systematic search of PubMed and Cochrane databases published from January 2000 to September 2020 resulted in 409 abstracts for the primary selection. Twelve studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. With one additional publication, 13 studies were selected for qualitative analysis, including 9 on XRT and 4 on PBT. There were nine XRT studies, which included six on 3D conformal radiotherapy and three on stereotactic body radiation therapy, and four PBT studies included three on CIRT and one on proton therapy. A pilot meta-analysis using literatures with median survival time extractable over a 20-month observation period suggested that PBT, especially CIRT, may be a promising treatment option for PRCC not amenable to curative resection.
Nicolau syndrome following Intramuscular Diclofenac Injection: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Ata Yaser M , Ahmed Mohamed B , Al-Mohannadi Fatima S , Al-Jassim Fatima A , Shabbir Azhar
Published: April 2023

Nicolau syndrome (NS), also referred as embolia cutis medicamentosa and livedo-like dermatitis, is an uncommon complication followed by drugs administered intramuscularly, intraarticularly or subcutaneously. In this case report we present a case of a 65-year-old lady who had a single dose of diclofenac sodium as an intramuscular injection in her left buttock due to back pain that led to developing what known as NS. She was treated with surgical debridement, drain insertion and skin approximation with antibiotics for 2 weeks with daily sterile dressing. The wound healed completely with scarring. NS is a preventable outcome, thus, proper procedures and precautions should be taken during intramuscular medication administration. Healthcare providers should avoid unnecessary injections, be familiar with the complication and consider it as a potential diagnosis for severe localized pain after any injection.
‘A great pedestrian’: John Stuart Mill, the Walking Philosopher
Authors: Stack David
Published: April 2023

Walking was an essential part of John Stuart Mill’s education, working life, and leisure. As a boy, James Mill schooled his son on daily walks; as an adult, Mill made an 11-mile round trip across London on foot to work and back each day; for recreation he went on walking tours; his passion for botany led him to walk regularly in rural Britain; later in life he undertook walking tours across France, Spain, Italy, Greece, and Turkey. Mill, in short, was ‘a great pedestrian’. But this aspect of his life remains under appreciated by historians. By combining insights from the history of emotions, cultural history, and cultural geography, with the burgeoning literature on the significance of walking, this article will demonstrate that Mill’s walking – including where he walked, and how he walked – is not only worthy of attention, but can help us to better understand both his identity and his thought. The article not only connects Mill to the peripatetic and romantic pedestrian traditions, but also seeks to demonstrate that walking aided the process, and helped to shape the content, of Mill’s philosophy. In particular, the article argues that an appreciation of Mill’s walking can contribute to the development of a new perspective on the thorny question of Mill’s understanding of higher and lower pleasures.
The publication of impaired doctors’ identity by Australian and New Zealand tribunals: law, practice, and reform
Authors: Bradfield Owen M , Bismark Marie M , Spittal Matthew J , O’Brien Paula
Published: April 2023

For doctors with mental health or substance use disorders, publication of their name and sensitive medical history in disciplinary decisions may adversely impact their health and may reinforce barriers to accessing early support and treatment. This article challenges the view that naming impaired doctors or disclosing the intimate details of their medical condition in disciplinary decisions always serves the public interest in open justice. We analysed and compared the approach of Australian and New Zealand health tribunals to granting orders that suppress the name and/or medical history of impaired doctors. This revealed that Australian tribunals are less likely to grant non-publication orders compared to New Zealand, despite shared common law history and similar medical regulatory frameworks. We argue that Australian tribunals could be more circumspect when dealing with sensitive information in published decisions, especially where such information does not directly form a basis for the decision reached. This could occur without compromising public protection or the underlying goals of open justice. Finally, we argue that a greater distinction should be made between those aspects of decisions that deal with conduct allegations, where full details should be published, and those that deal with impairment allegations, where only limited information should be disclosed.
Red riding on hood: exploring how galaxy colour depends on environment
Authors: Bhambhani Pankaj C , Baldry Ivan K , Brough Sarah , Hill Alexander D , Lara-Lopez M A , Loveday J , Holwerda B W
Published: April 2023

Galaxy populations are known to exhibit a strong colour bimodality, corresponding to blue star-forming and red quiescent subpopulations. The relative abundance of the two populations has been found to vary with stellar mass and environment. In this paper, we explore the effect of environment considering different types of measurements. We choose a sample of 49 911 galaxies with 0.05 < z < 0.18 from the Galaxy And Mass Assembly survey. We study the dependence of the fraction of red galaxies on different measures of the local environment as well as the large-scale `geometric’ environment defined by density gradients in the surrounding cosmic web. We find that the red galaxy fraction varies with the environment at fixed stellar mass. The red fraction depends more strongly on local environmental measures than on large-scale geometric environment measures. By comparing the different environmental densities, we show that no density measurement fully explains the observed environmental red fraction variation, suggesting the different measures of environmental density contain different information. We test whether the local environmental measures, when combined together, can explain all the observed environmental red fraction variation. The geometric environment has a small residual effect, and this effect is larger for voids than any other type of geometric environment. This could provide a test of the physics applied to cosmological-scale galaxy evolution simulations as it combines large-scale effects with local environmental impact.
Examining transitional galaxies to understand the role of clusters and their dynamical status in galaxy quenching
Authors: Brambila Douglas , Lopes Paulo A A , Ribeiro André L B , Cortesi Arianna
Published: April 2023

In this work, we consider four different galaxy populations and two distinct global environments in the local Universe (z ≤ 0.11) to investigate the evolution of transitional galaxies (such as star-forming spheroids and passive discs) across different environments. Our sample is composed of 3899 galaxies within the R200 radius of 231 clusters and 11 460 field galaxies. We also investigate the impact of the cluster’s dynamic state, as well as the galaxy’s location in the projected phase space diagram. We found that although the cluster environment as a whole influences galaxy evolution, the cluster dynamical state does not. Furthermore, star-forming galaxies represent recent cluster arrivals in comparison to passive galaxies (especially in the case of early-types). Among the early-type galaxies, we find that the Dn(4000) and H δ parameters indicate a smooth transition between the subpopulations. In particular, for the star-forming early-type galaxies, we detect a significant difference between field and cluster galaxies, as a function of stellar mass, for objects with log M*/M⊙ > 10.5. Analysing the colour gradient, the results point towards a picture where field galaxies are more likely to follow the monolithic scenario, while the cluster galaxies the hierarchical scenario. In particular, if we split the early-type galaxies into lenticulars and ellipticals, we find that the steeper colour gradients are more common for the lenticulars. Finally, our results indicate the need for galaxy pre-processing in smaller groups, before entering clusters.
An analysis of the turbulence in the central region of the Orion Nebula (M42) – II. Homogeneity and power-spectrum analyses
Authors: Anorve-Zeferino G A
Published: April 2023

In this second paper, we continue our analysis of the turbulence in the Huygens region of the Orion Nebula (M42). We calculate the associated transverse structure functions up to eighth order and find that the higher-order transverse structure functions are almost proportional to the second-order transverse structure function. We find that, after proper normalization, the higher-order transverse structure functions only differ by very small deviations from the second-order transverse structure function in a subinterval of the inertial range. We demonstrate that this implies that the turbulence in the Huygens region is quasi-log–homogeneous or, to a better degree of approximation, binomially weighted log–homogeneous in the statistical sense. This implies that there is some type of invariant statistical structure in the velocity field of the Huygens region. We also obtain and analyse the power spectrum of the turbulent field. We find that it displays a large tail that follows, very approximately, two power laws: one of the form E(k) ∝ k−2.7 for the initial side of the tail, and one of the form E(k) ∝ k−1 for the end of the tail. We find that the power law with exponent β ∼ −2.7 corresponds to spatial scales of 0.0301–0.6450 pc. We find that the exponent of the first power law β ∼ −2.7 is related to the exponent α2 of the second-order structure function in the inertial range. We interpret the second power law with exponent β ∼ −1 as an indicator of viscous-dissipative processes occurring at scales of δr = 1–5 pixels, which correspond to spatial scales of 0.00043–0.00215 pc.
Generalized equipartition method from an arbitrary viewing angle
Authors: Matsumoto Tatsuya , Piran Tsvi
Published: April 2023

The equipartition analysis yields estimates of the radius and energy of synchrotron self-absorbed radio sources. Here we generalize this method to relativistic off-axis viewed emitters. We find that the Lorentz factor Γ and the viewing angle θ cannot be determined independently but become degenerate along a trajectory of minimal energy solutions. The solutions are divided into on-axis and off-axis branches, with the former reproducing the classical analysis. A relativistic source viewed off-axis can be disguised as an apparent Newtonian one. Applying this method to radio observations of several tidal disruption events, we find that the radio flare of AT 2018hyz, which was observed a few years after the optical discovery, could have been produced by a relativistic off-axis jet with a kinetic energy of $\sim 10^{53}\, \rm erg$ that was launched around the time of discovery.
Focal ratio degradation in optical fibres for the Hector integral field units
Authors: Wang Adeline Haobing , Brown Rebecca , Bryant Julia J , Leon-Saval Sergio
Published: April 2023

Focal Ratio Degradation (FRD) in optical fibres can result in light loss. In astronomical instrumentation, FRD must be controlled because light levels are low. A new Integral Field Spectrograph (IFS) instrument called Hector, was recently completed and was installed on the Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT) in Australia in 2021 December. The integral field units (IFUs) for Hector made with hexagonally packed multi-mode fibres are called hexabundles. In this paper, we introduce a cone-beam measurement method to measure FRD at optical wavelengths. We present the FRD and throughput performance of the hexabundles for Hector and show that the process for making hexabundles introduced no additional significant FRD beyond that of the bare fibre.
A moderate spin for the black hole in X-ray binary MAXI J1348−630 revealed by Insight-HXMT
Authors: Wu Hanji , Wang Wei , Sai Na , Zhu Haifan , Chen Jiashi
Published: April 2023

MAXI J1348−630 is a low-mass X-ray black hole binary located in the Galaxy and undergone the X-ray outburst in 2019. We analysed the observation data in very soft state during the outburst between MJD 58588 and MJD 58596 based on the Insight-HXMT observations from 2 to 20 keV via the continuum fitting method to measure the spin of the stellar-mass black hole in MAXI J1348−630. The inner disc temperature and the apparent inner disc radius were found to be $0.47\pm 0.01 \rm \,\rm \,keV$ and 5.33 ± 0.10 Rg from the observation data modeled by the multicolour disc blackbody model. Assuming the distance of the source $D\sim 3.4 \rm \,kpc$ , the mass of the black hole M ∼ 11 M⊙, and the inclination of the system i ∼ 29.2°, the spin is determined to be a⋆ = 0.41 ± 0.03 for fixing hardening factor at 1.6 and $n_{H}=8.6\times 10^{21} \rm cm^{-2}$ . Besides, considering the uncertainty of the parameters D, M, i of this system, with the Monte Carlo analysis, we still confirm the moderate spin of the black hole as $a_{\star }=0.42^{+0.13}_{-0.50}$ . Some spectral parameters (e.g. column density and hardening factor) which could affect the measurements of the BH spin are also briefly discussed.
FAST discovery of long tidal tails in NGC 4490/85
Authors: Liu Yao , Zhu Ming , Yu Haiyang , Ai Mei , Jiang Peng , Liu Siqi , Yuan Lixia
Published: April 2023

We report the discovery of a 100 kpc H i tail in the merging galaxy pair NGC 4490/85 detected by the Five-Hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). The tidal tails extended in both the south and north directions, and they are much longer than that reported previously based on the VLA interferometric maps. The NGC 4490/85 is surrounded by a large gas envelope, and a starburst low-metallicity dwarf galaxy MAPS 1231+42 is found to be connected with the gas envelope, indicating that galaxy interaction trigged the intense star formation in it. Based on the fact that the metallicity in MAPS 1231+42 is one order of magnitude lower than that in the two discs of NGC 4490 and NGC 4485, we speculate that the gas near this galaxy should be primordial and could be due to gas inflow from the circumgalactic medium. We also found a collimated gas component pointing at a nearby dwarf galaxy KK 149, suggesting that this galaxy might also be interacting with the NGC 4490 pair. We discuss the possible origin of the long tidal tails and the extended gas envelope in this merging system based on the new data from FAST.
Plasma lensing with magnetic field and a small correction to the Faraday rotation measurement
Authors: Er Xinzhong , Pen Ue-Li , Sun Xiaohui , Li Dongzi
Published: April 2023

Plasma lensing displays interesting characteristics that set it apart from gravitational lensing. The magnetized medium induces birefringence in the two polarization modes. As the lensing deflection grows stronger, e.g. when images form near the critical curve, the geometric delay of the signal can cause rotation in linear polarization, in addition to Faraday rotation. This rotation has a frequency dependence to the power of four. We study the geometric rotation of the lensed image in a Gaussian density model and find that it is necessary to take into account the geometric rotation when estimating magnetized media, especially in the underdense lens. At frequencies of ∼1 GHz or lower, the geometric rotation can dominate. We simulate the flux of lensed images and find that when the image forms near the lensing critical curve, the birefringence can convert the linear polarization and un-polarization pulse into a circular mode. The lensing magnification has the potential to increase the probability of detecting such events.
The VANDELS survey: the ionizing properties of star-forming galaxies at 3 ≤ z ≤ 5 using deep rest-frame ultraviolet spectroscopy
Authors: Saldana-Lopez A , Schaerer D , Chisholm J , Calabrò A , Pentericci L , Cullen F , Saxena A , Amorín R , Carnall A C , Fontanot F , Fynbo J P U , Guaita L , Hathi N P , Hibon P , Ji Z , McLeod D J , Pompei E , Zamorani G
Published: April 2023

The physical properties of Epoch of Reionization (EoR) galaxies are still poorly constrained by observations. To better understand the ionizing properties of galaxies in the EoR, we investigate deep, rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) spectra of ≃500 star-forming galaxies at 3 ≤ z ≤ 5 selected from the public ESO-VANDELS spectroscopic survey. The absolute ionizing photon escape fraction ($f_{\rm esc}^{\rm abs}$, i.e. the ratio of leaking against produced ionizing photons) is derived by combining absorption line measurements with estimates of the UV attenuation. The ionizing production efficiency (ξion, i.e. the number of ionizing photons produced per non-ionizing UV luminosity) is calculated by fitting the far-UV (FUV) stellar continuum of the VANDELS galaxies. We find that the $f_{\rm esc}^{\rm abs}$ and ξion parameters increase towards low-mass, blue UV-continuum slopes and strong Ly α emitting galaxies, and both are slightly higher-than-average for the UV-faintest galaxies in the sample. Potential Lyman Continuum Emitters (LCEs, $f_{\rm esc}^{\rm abs} \ge 5{{\ \rm \, per\ cent}}$) and selected Lyman Alpha Emitters (LAEs, WLyα ≤ −20 Å) show systematically higher ξion (log ξion(Hz erg−1) ≈ 25.38, 25.41) than non-LCEs and non-LAEs (log ξion(Hz erg−1) ≈ 25.18, 25.14) at similar UV magnitudes. This indicates very young underlying stellar populations (≈10 Myr) at relatively low metallicities (≈0.2 Z⊙). The FUV non-ionizing spectra of potential LCEs is characterized by blue UV slopes (≤−2), enhanced Ly α emission (≤−25 Å), strong UV nebular lines (e.g. high ${\rm C\, \small {IV}}$1550/${\rm C\, \small {III}}$1908 ≥0.75 ratios), and weak absorption lines (≤1 Å). The latter suggests the existence of low gas-column-density channels in the interstellar medium, which enables the escape of ionizing photons. By comparing our VANDELS results against other surveys in the literature, our findings imply that the ionizing budget in the EoR was likely dominated by UV-faint, low-mass, and dustless galaxies.
Deviation in stellar trajectory induced by asymmetry in partial tidal disruption
Authors: Banerjee Pritam , Garain Debojyoti , Chowdhury Shaswata , Singh Dhananjay , Joshi Rohan , Sarkar Tapobrata
Published: April 2023

We study partial tidal disruption and present a quantitative analysis of the orbital dynamics of the remnant self-bound core. We perform smoothed particle hydrodynamical simulations to show that partial disruption of a star due to the tidal field of a black hole leads to a jump in the specific orbital energy and angular momentum of the core. It directly leads to deviation in the core’s trajectory apart from getting a boost in its velocity. Our analysis shows that the variations in the specific orbital energy and angular momentum are higher when the pericenter distance is lower. We conclude that higher mass asymmetry of the two tidal tails increases the magnitude of the trajectory deviations. We show that observable deviations are only possible when mass ratio $q \lesssim \mathcal {O}(10^3)$ , which indicates the range of intermediate-mass black holes.
Torque reversal and cyclotron absorption feature in HMXB 4U 1538−522
Authors: Sharma Prince , Jain Chetana , Dutta Anjan
Published: April 2023

We present a comprehensive timing and spectral analysis of the HMXB 4U 1538−522 by using the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) observatory data. Using three archived observations made between 2019 and 2021, we have detected ∼ 526 s coherent pulsations up to 60 keV. We have found an instantaneous spin-down rate of $\dot{P} = 6.6_{-6.0}^{+2.4} \times 10^{-6}$ s s−1 during the first observation. The pulse profiles had a double peaked structure consisting of a broad primary peak and an energy dependent, weak secondary peak. We have also analysed the long-term spin period evolution of 4U 1538−522 from data spanning more than four decades, including the data from Fermi/GBM. Based on the recent spin trends, we have found that the third torque reversal in 4U 1538−522 happened around MJD 58800. The source is currently spinning up with $\dot{P} = -1.9(1) \times 10^{-9}$ s s−1. We also report a periodic fluctuation in the spin period of 4U 1538−522. The broad-band persistent spectra can be described with a blackbody component and either power law or Comptonization component along with a Fe Kα line at 6.4 keV and a cyclotron absorption feature around 22 keV. We have also found a relatively weak absorption feature around 27 keV in the persistent spectra of 4U 1538−522 in all three observations. We have estimated a magnetic field strength of $1.84_{-0.06}^{+0.04} (1+z) \times 10^{12}$ and $2.33_{-0.24}^{+0.15} (1+z) \times 10^{12}$  G for the two features, respectively.
Effects of dust grain size distribution on the abundances of CO and H2 in galaxy evolution
Authors: Hirashita Hiroyuki
Published: April 2023

We model the effect of grain size distribution in a galaxy on the evolution of CO and H2 abundances. The formation and dissociation of CO and H2 in typical dense clouds are modelled in a manner consistent with the grain size distribution. The evolution of grain size distribution is calculated based on our previous model, which treats the galaxy as a one-zone object but includes various dust processing mechanisms in the interstellar medium (ISM). We find that typical dense clouds become fully molecular (H2) when the dust surface area increases by shattering while an increase of dust abundance by dust growth in the ISM is necessary for a significant rise of the CO abundance. Accordingly, the metallicity dependence of the CO-to-H2 conversion factor, XCO, is predominantly driven by dust growth. We also examine the effect of grain size distribution in the galaxy by changing the dense gas fraction, which controls the balance between coagulation and shattering, clarifying that the difference in the grain size distribution significantly affects XCO even if the dust-to-gas ratio is the same. The star formation time-scale, which controls the speed of metal enrichment also affects the metallicity at which the CO abundance rapidly increases (or XCO drops). We also propose dust-based formulae for XCO, which need further tests for establishing their usefulness.
Identifying LISA verification binaries among the Galactic population of double white dwarfs
Authors: Finch Eliot , Bartolucci Giorgia , Chucherko Daniel , Patterson Ben G , Korol Valeriya , Klein Antoine , Bandopadhyay Diganta , Middleton Hannah , Moore Christopher J , Vecchio Alberto
Published: April 2023

Double white dwarfs (DWDs) will be the most numerous gravitational-wave (GW) sources for the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). Most of the Galactic DWDs will be unresolved and will superpose to form a confusion noise foreground, the dominant LISA noise source around ${\sim} 0.5\!-\!3\, \mathrm{mHz}$ . A small fraction of these sources will stand out from the background and be individually detectable. Uniquely among GW sources, a handful of these binaries will be known in advance from electromagnetic (EM) observations and will be guaranteed sources of detectable GWs in the LISA band; these are known as verification binaries (VBs). High-cadence photometric surveys are continuously discovering new VB systems, and their number will continue to grow ahead of the launch of LISA. We analyse, in a fully Bayesian framework, all the currently known VB candidates with the latest design requirements for the LISA mission and find that 25 of the considered sources can be detected within a 4 yr observation time. We explore what can be expected from GW observations, both alone and in combination with EM observations, and estimate the VB’s time to detection in the early months of LISA operations. We also show how VBs can be analysed in the case where their GW signals compete with many other unknown binary signals (both resolved and unresolved) from a realistic Galactic population of DWDs.
The Pristine survey – XXI. Exploring the metal-poor boundary with ESPaDoNS
Authors: Lombardo Linda , Bonifacio Piercarlo , Caffau Elisabetta , François Patrick , Jablonka Pascale , Kordopatis Georges , Martin Nicolas , Starkenburg Else , Yuan Zhen , Sbordone Luca , Sestito Federico , Hill Vanessa , Venn Kim
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we study high-resolution spectra of 19 stars that have metallicity estimates below –3.5 using at least two metallicity-sensitive photometric indices based on Pristine photometry. The purpose is to understand what kind of stars populate this parameter space, together with extremely metal-poor stars. This because we plan to extensively use the Pristine photometry to provide extremely metal-poor targets to the WEAVE spectroscopic survey and wish to understand the nature of possible contaminants. We find that this extreme sample of stars is heavily contaminated by variable stars, in particular short period eclipsing binaries. We thus found, serendipitously, eight double-lined spectroscopic eclipsing binaries that could be followed-up in future studies to provide reliable masses and distances for these systems. We also found two stars that have metallicity below –3.0, one of which may belong to the Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus structure. The lesson to be learned from this investigation is that to select truly metal-poor stars one should be able to remove all photometrically variable stars, which requires complementary information beyond the Pristine photometry. We show how the Gaia photometry can be used to remove about 85  per cent of the photometrically variable stars. Our investigation also shows that there is a clear potential for Pristine photometry to find double-lined spectroscopic binaries among short period eclipsing binaries.
Aligning Retrograde Nuclear Cluster Orbits with an Active Galactic Nucleus Accretion Disc
Authors: Nasim Syeda S , Fabj Gaia , Caban Freddy , Secunda Amy , Ford K E Saavik , McKernan Barry , Bellovary Jillian M , Leigh Nathan W C , Lyra Wladimir
Published: April 2023

Stars and stellar remnants orbiting a supermassive black hole (SMBH) can interact with an active galactic nucleus (AGN) disc. Over time, prograde orbiters (inclination i < 90°) decrease inclination, as well as semimajor axis (a) and eccentricity (e) until orbital alignment with the gas disc (‘disc capture’). Captured stellar-origin black holes (sBH) add to the embedded AGN population that drives sBH–sBH mergers detectable in gravitational waves using LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA or sBH–SMBH mergers detectable with Laser Interferometer Space Antenna. Captured stars can be tidally disrupted by sBH or the SMBH or rapidly grow into massive ‘immortal’ stars. Here, we investigate the behaviour of polar and retrograde orbiters (i ≥ 90°) interacting with the disc. We show that retrograde stars are captured faster than prograde stars, flip to prograde orientation (i < 90°) during capture, and decrease a dramatically towards the SMBH. For sBH, we find a critical angle iret ∼ 113°, below which retrograde sBH decay towards embedded prograde orbits (i → 0°), while for io > iret sBH decay towards embedded retrograde orbits (i → 180°). sBH near polar orbits (i ∼ 90°) and stars on nearly embedded retrograde orbits (i ∼ 180°) show the greatest decreases in a. Whether a star is captured by the disc within an AGN lifetime depends primarily on disc density, and secondarily on stellar type and initial a. For sBH, disc capture time is longest for polar orbits, low-mass sBH, and lower density discs. Larger mass sBH should typically spend more time in AGN discs, with implications for the spin distribution of embedded sBH.
Race/Ethnicity and Gender Representation in Hematology and Oncology Editorial Boards: What is the State of Diversity?
Authors: Patel Shruti R , Riano Ivy , Abuali Inas , Ai Angela , Geiger Gabriella , Pimienta Jacqueline , Ramirez Roggio Adriana , Dhawan Natasha , Dizman Nazli , Lizette Salinas Alexandra , Pomares-Millan Hugo , Florez Narjust
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Women and underrepresented groups in medicine hold few academic leadership positions in the field of hematology/oncology. In this study, we assessed gender and race/ethnicity representation in editorial board positions in hematology/oncology journals.

Materials and Methods

Editorial leadership board members from 60 major journals in hematology and oncology were reviewed; 54 journals were included in the final analysis. Gender and race/ethnicity were determined based on publicly available data for Editor-in-Chief (EiC) and Second-in-Command (SiC) (including deputy, senior, or associate editors). Descriptive statistics and chi-squared were estimated. In the second phase of the study, editors were emailed a 4-item survey to self-identify their demographics.

Results

Out of 793 editorial board members, 72.6% were men and 27.4% were women. Editorial leadership were non-Hispanic white (71.1%) with Asian editorial board members representing the second largest majority at 22.5%. Women comprised only 15.9% of the EiC positions (90% White and 10% Asian). Women were about half as likely to be in the EiC position compared with men [pOR 0.47 (95% CI, 0.23-0.95, P = .03)]. Women represented 28.3% of SiC editorial positions. Surgical oncology had the lowest female representation at 2.3%.

Conclusion

Women and minorities are significantly underrepresented in leadership roles on Editorial Boards in hematology/oncology journals. Importantly, the representation of minority women physicians in EiC positions is at an inexorable zero.
Clinical Outcomes of Afatinib Versus Osimertinib in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With Uncommon EGFR Mutations: A Pooled Analysis
Authors: Wang Chunsheng , Zhao Kewei , Hu Shanliang , Dong Wei , Gong Yan , Xie Conghua
Published: April 2023

Background

The purpose of this analysis was to investigate the effectiveness of afatinib compared to that of osimertinib in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who harbored uncommon epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations.

Methods

A PubMed database-based literature review was conducted to retrieve related studies. Patients harboring EGFR mutations besides the deletion in exon 19 (19del) and point mutation of L858R were included in this analysis. The primary outcome events were the objective response rate (ORR) and progression-free survival (PFS). Propensity score matching (PSM) at a ratio of 1:1 was used between afatinib and osimertinib groups to control the confounding factors. Uncommon EGFR mutations were categorized into 4 groups: insertion in exon 20 (ex20ins), non-ex20ins single uncommon EGFR mutations, compound EGFR mutations that with 19del or L858R, and compound EGFR mutations without 19del or L858R.

Results

After PSM, 71 patients in either the afatinib or osimertinib group were matched. The afatinib group had an ORR of 60.6%, slightly higher than the osimertinib group’s (50.3%), the difference was not statistically significant (P = .610). However, the afatinib group showed a significantly superior PFS benefit than the osimertinib group (11.0 vs. 7.0 months, P = .044). In addition, patients harboring non-ex20ins single uncommon EGFR mutations yield the best ORR and PFS, following treatment of either afatinib (ORR: 76.7%, mPFS: 14.1 months) or osimertinib (ORR: 68.8%, mPFS: 15.1 months). Moreover, there was no significant difference in terms of ORR or PFS between the cohort of patients treated with afatinib or osimertinib, regardless of whether or not the patients had brain metastases.

Conclusions

Both afatinib and osimertinib displayed favorable clinical activities toward uncommon EGFR mutations. Afatinib showed a more profound and durable PFS benefit than osimertinib, although no efficacy advantage was observed.
District Variation in Party System Competition and Women’s Candidacy in Proportional Representation Systems
Authors: Wuthrich F Michael , Albayrak Çağıl
Published: April 2023

This article examines the influence of district-level party system dynamics on the list placement of women candidates. As local district competitive realities change, the strategic considerations for party leaders regarding the selection of non-mainstream political candidate profiles vary in important ways. We measure these dynamics with a set of novel variables that better capture variation in competition from district to district: individual party magnitude, district dominance and district contagion. Turkey’s lower level of party system nationalisation between 2002 and 2018 offers a useful case for such an investigation, and results reveal both the significance and pattern of influence on women candidates for all three strategic variables.
Community policing and COVID-19 management: Household duties of street-level enforcers in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Pei-Shih , Tsai Ting-Jung , Ho Lawrence Ka-Ki
Published: April 2023

Taiwan has been a few of the exceptions recording very low infection figures in the worldwide pandemic COVID-19 since early 2020. The island was regarded as ‘abnormally normal’ during the public health crisis. This study analysed the management of COVID-19 in two cities in Taiwan—Taipei City and New Taipei City, by exploring the roles of two groups of easily forgotten, street-level personnel who were indispensable—the village chiefs and police constables in field stations. We argued the effectiveness of infection control could partly be explained by the well-developed community policing practices. A close cooperation among public officers could be seen in the enforcement of home quarantine order for the Taiwan resident returnees in the early days of the anti-pandemic fight. This government–society collegiality in Taiwan is merely a continuation of the institutionalized practice of community policing evolving from the colonial and authoritarian regimes.
Police Legitimacy in Taiwan and Policing COVID-19
Authors: Kuo Shih-ya , Chang Kuang-Ming , Huang Frank Fu-Yuan , Li Yi
Published: April 2023

To tackle the spread of COVID-19 since its outbreak in January 2020, the police have been given additional powers in Taiwan. Studies have consistently revealed that police legitimacy, the belief that the police are trustworthy and allowed to exercise their authority to maintain order, is the main factor determining whether people are willing to cooperate with the police and comply with laws. This paper explores police legitimacy in Taiwan in terms of whether it exists and whether the Taiwanese police have built or damaged their legitimacy during the unprecedented challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the relevant literature, historical events, public opinion survey results, and official crime data, we find that police legitimacy existed before and has continued to exist during the pandemic in Taiwan.
Police Social Capital and the Effectiveness of Emergency Policing in China During COVID-19
Authors: Lin Haiwen , Wu Tong , Liu Hongsong , Kaunert Christian
Published: April 2023

Emergency policing has played a significant role in controlling the spread of COVID-19 in various countries. China is one of the few countries that has successfully controlled the pandemic. What are the factors that determine the effectiveness of emergency policing in China? This study argues that the social capital played a supportive role in emergency policing during COVID-19. Based on the data analysis, we construct a theoretical framework to explain why pandemic control in China has been effective. The effectiveness of the police response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Zhejiang, China, displays the importance of all three types of social capital for emergency policing, including interaction-assisted social capital represented by ‘grid-governance’, technology-driven social capital represented by ‘data sharing’, and service-assisted social capital represented by ‘safety construction’.
Truth and Bias, Left and Right: Testing Ideological Asymmetries with a Realistic News Supply
Authors: Clemm von Hohenberg Bernhard
Published: April 2023

The debate around “fake news” has raised the question of whether liberals and conservatives differ, first, in their ability to discern true from false information, and second, in their tendency to give more credit to information that is ideologically congruent. Typical designs to measure these asymmetries select, often arbitrarily, a small set of news items as experimental stimuli without clear reference to a “population of information.” This pre-registered study takes an alternative approach by, first, conceptualizing estimands in relation to all political news. Second, to represent this target population, it uses a set of 80 randomly sampled items from a large collection of articles from Google News and three fact-checking sites. In a subsequent survey, a quota sample of US participants (n = 1,393) indicate whether they believe the news items to be true. Conservatives are less truth-discerning than liberals, but also less affected by the congruence of news.
Overcomplete tomography: a novel approach to imaging
Authors: Turunçtur Buse , Valentine Andrew , Sambridge Malcolm
Published: April 2023

Regularized least-squares tomography offers a straightforward and efficient imaging method and has seen extensive application across various fields. However, it has a few drawbacks, such as (i) the regularization imposed during the inversion tends to give a smooth solution, which will fail to reconstruct a multi-scale model well or detect sharp discontinuities, (ii) it requires finding optimum control parameters, and (iii) it does not produce a sparse solution. This paper introduces ‘overcomplete tomography’, a novel imaging framework that allows high-resolution recovery with relatively few data points. We express our image in terms of an overcomplete basis, allowing the representation of a wide range of features and characteristics. Following the insight of ‘compressive sensing’, we regularize our inversion by imposing a penalty on the L1 norm of the recovered model, obtaining an image that is sparse relative to the overcomplete basis. We demonstrate our method with a synthetic and a real X-ray tomography example. Our experiments indicate that we can reconstruct a multi-scale model from only a few observations. The approach may also assist interpretation, allowing images to be decomposed into (for example) ‘global’ and ‘local’ structures. The framework presented here can find application across a wide range of fields, including engineering, medical and geophysical tomography.
7Feminist Theory
Authors: Clare Stephanie
Published: April 2023

This chapter provides an overview to central contributions to feminist theory published in 2022. It focuses on three topics around which many contributions congealed: (1) the relationship between transgender and feminist praxis; (2) ecofeminist approaches to violence; and finally (3) feminism’s entanglements with neoliberalism. The chapter outlines the contexts of the publications’ interventions and speculates about what might come next.
Preceptor Development
Authors: Schweitzer Kelli , Graebe Jennifer
Published: April 2023

The American Nurses Credentialing Center outcome-based continuing education model is a method of outcomes-driven professional development that is learner-driven. This model can be used to incorporate the Future of Nursing recommendations into a preceptor development program. The use of this competency-driven model can empower preceptors and nursing professional development practitioners as they work together to facilitate the acquisition of preceptor competencies though learning experiences and achievement of outcomes.
EFFECT OF EXOSOMES DERIVED FROM BONE MARROW MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS ON PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH IN BLAST-INDUCED LUNG INJURY IN RATS
Authors: Deng Meng , He Jing , Hao Changfu , Guo Yonghua , Si Huifang , Deng Xuedan , Zhang Chengpeng , Li Shiyu , Yao Sanqiao , Ren Wenjie , Yao Wu
Published: April 2023

Blast lung injuries (BLIs) are frequent because of industrial accidents and terrorist groups. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and exosomes derived from BMSCs (BMSCs-Exo) have become a hot topic in modern biology because of their significance in damage healing, immune regulation, and gene therapy. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of BMSCs and BMSCs-Exo on BLI in rats caused by gas explosion. Here, BMSCs and BMSCs-Exo were transplanted into BLI rats via tail vein and then evaluated pathological alterations, oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis in the lung tissue. Through histopathology and changes in malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) contents, we discovered that oxidative stress and inflammatory infiltration in the lungs were significantly reduced by BMSCs and BMSCs-Exo. After treatment with BMSCs and BMSCs-Exo, apoptosis-related proteins, such as cleaved caspase-3 and Bax, were significantly decreased, and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was significantly increased; the level of pyroptosis-associated proteins, including NLRP3, GSDMD-N, cleaved caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18, were decreased; autophagy-related proteins, beclin-1 and LC3, were downregulated while P62 was upregulated; the number of autophagosomes was decreased. In summary, BMSCs and BMSCs-Exo attenuate BLI caused by gas explosion, which may be associated with apoptosis, aberrant autophagy, and pyroptosis.