bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disponibilidad de biomasa y contenido de proteína cruda de Hyparrhenia rufa y Panicum maximun cv Tanzania asociadas con Leucaena leucocephala y Gliricidia sepium en sistema de pasturas en callejones
Authors: González Martínez Álvaro Jose , Rojas Hernández Joel , Chavarría-Ñamendi Francisco José , Jiménez Gómez Ronaldo Martín
Published: July 2018

Se evaluó el efecto del asocio de H. rufa y P. maximun cv Tanzania con leucaena y madero negro en la disponibilidad de biomasa y contenido de proteína cruda (PC). El estudio se desarrolló en la finca Santa María, La Chocolata, Rivas. El área fue de 2 579,2 m2 dividida en dos parcelas con: tres hileras dobles de madero negro y dos de leucaena con una distancia de 7 m entre callejón, 1 m entre surco y 0,5 m entre plantas. La evaluación se realizó entre 2009 y 2010 con siete ciclos de pastoreo y frecuencia de 48 a 53 días de descanso. La disponibilidad y composición botánica se realizó con la técnica de doble muestreo BOTANAL un día antes del pastoreo. Se definió escalas del 1 al 5 con base al porcentaje de cobertura, altura, relación tallo-hoja (pasto); diámetro de copa, altura y número de rebrotes (leguminosa). Se cortó el pasto a 20 cm y a 80 cm las leguminosas. Para la materia seca se tomó una muestra de 200 g y se secó por 72 h a 60°C. Se realizó un ANOVA para medidas repetidas y una regresión lineal. Se encontró que H. rufa tiene mayor altura en macolla con 95,4 cm superando en más del 11% a Tanzania, no obstante este último superó en diámetro de macolla en más del 16% a H. rufa. Tanzania contiene 24% más de biomas que H. rufa y con el aporte de biomasa de la leguminosa esta diferencia es del 22.2%. Leucaena supera en 90% y 22% en disponibilidad de biomasa a madero en ambas pasturas. En el contenido de PC, Tanzania es superior 34% y 2,3% en la parte comestible y no comestible respectivamente. De igual manera leucaena superó 13 y 18 % a madero negro en las dos pasturas.
costoso engaño del cambio climático y el calentamiento global
Authors: Badía Serra Eduardo
Published: July 2018

El presente escrito plantea el costo de afrontar medidas tendientes a disminuir las consecuencias del cambio climático de que hablan los países de cuantioso poder económico. Partiendo de las posturas antropocentristas que hicieron de la naturaleza un objeto de abuso, el autor recorre las propuestas del pensamiento antrópico, Penrose y las ideas homocentristas, para decantar en la historia de la tierra y en el cambio climático. Poniendo al descubierto la falsedad de los numerosos anuncios catastróficos de los ‘grupos de científicos’, propone ocuparse de los  verdaderos problemas, como la degradación ambiental y la vulnerabilidad ante la naturaleza de la sociedad humana.
Pensamiento filosófico de Ignacio Ellacuría y su función educativa-liberadora
Authors: Núñez Preciado Carlos Miguel
Published: July 2018

En esta presentación pretendo abordar una propuesta educativa liberadora conformada por tres elementos educativos extraídos del pensamiento filosófico de Ignacio Ellacuría. El pensamiento del jesuita ha sido abordado desde diferentes ámbitos: el teológico, el filosófico y socio-político, en cambio la cuestión educativa no se ha trabajado con la misma dedicación. Es por eso que este trabajo pretende cuestionar la validez educativa del pensamiento filosófico ellacuriano a fin de mostrar la pertinencia de la propuesta en la realidad socio-política de México. Vale la pena mencionar que el pasado 20 de octubre de 2015, el Congreso de las Américas sobre Educación Internacional (CAEI) otorgó de manera póstuma el Premio Interamérica a Ellacuría, reconociendo su labor en la educación superior.
símbolo como limitación y tránsito en el sistema Kantiano
Authors: Amaya Pérez Ulises Salomón
Published: July 2018

La intención de este artículo es realizar una aproximación a la lectura hermenéutica de la obra kantiana propuesta por Mario Caimi para quien el símbolo estaría a la base de su planteamiento metafísico. Iniciaremos señalando el carácter interpretativo propio del ser humano desde categorías heideggerianas y que está a la base de la capacidad simbólica que posee para en un segundo momento realizar una sucinta explicación de cómo funciona la analogía en el proceso de la hipotiposis simbólica2 finalizando con una pequeña aproximación al carácter de limitación que el símbolo posee y que es fundamental, según Caimi, en el desarrollo de la metafísica kantiana.
¿Qué país queremos en 25 años?
Authors: González Luis Armando
Published: July 2018

Qué país queremos en 25 años? No.30, Enero-Mayo de 2017.
Estudio de la influencia del compromiso en el marketing social: el caso de la “Coordinadora de Lucha contra la Droga, Barrio Vivo”
Authors: Foncubierta Rodríguez María José , Ravina Ripoll Rafael , Galiano Coronil Araceli
Published: July 2018

En este trabajo se desarrolla un modelo teórico de un comportamiento sostenible. A través de este modelo teórico, que hemos denominado Compromiso Modelo Aplicado a la Mercadotecnia Social, se propone establecer una relación entre el uso de las estrategias de marketing social desde una perspectiva integradora y el compromiso de los consumidores. La metodología utilizada ha sido una revisión de la literatura acerca de algunas de las teorías más importantes de marketing y de compromiso social. Para explicar cómo aplicar el modelo se ha utilizado el método de caso, a partir del estudio de una organización sin ánimo de lucro: la “Coordinadora de Lucha Contra la Droga, Barrio Vivo”, en Algeciras, una ciudad en el sudeste de la provincia de Cádiz, en la zona denominada Campo de Gibraltar, en España. Esta área ha experimentado un aumento dramático del consumo de drogas por una parte significativa de su población juvenil, facilitado por su proximidad geográfica al norte de África.
El turismo accesible como respuesta a una oportunidad de mercado en El Salvador
Authors: Soriano Loyda Ivette
Published: July 2018

El presente artículo tiene dos objetivos principales. El primero busca exponer las generalidades del Turismo Accesible. Se establecen los beneficios de la práctica de esta tipología del turismo y se presentan las barreras que dificultan su implementación. El segundo objetivo es presentar al Turismo Accesible como respuesta a una oportunidad de mercado que tiene su origen en la necesidad de una mayor accesibilidad en los destinos turísticos. Dicha oportunidad de mercado se pone en evidencia a partir de un diagnóstico de la participación activa de salvadoreños mayores de 18 años con discapacidad motora en el mercado turístico nacional.
¿Qué país queremos en 25 años?
Authors: González Luis Armando
Published: July 2018

No hay resúmenes disponiblesTEORÍA Y PRAXIS año 15, No.30, Enero-Mayo de 2017, pp.123-126
Detection of Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae) DNA in the gut of the soil species Pseudoophonus rufipes (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Authors: Albertini Alice , Santos Sónia A. P. , Martins Fátima , Pereira José A. , Lino-Neto Teresa , Petacchi Ruggero , Baptista Paula
Published: July 2018

Pest control service provided by natural enemies of Bactrocera oleae, the key pest of the olive tree, is nowadays recognized as fundamental. B. oleae has developed resistance to common insecticides, and negative effects both on consumers’ health and non-target species are the major drawbacks of conventional control strategies. Carabid beetles are potential B. oleae pupae predators, but their predation on field still need to be assessed. We tested adult Pseudoophonus rufipes, a species known to be active in olive orchard when pest pupae are abundant in the soil, in order to detect B. oleae pupae consumption at different post feeding times for both male and female carabids. An already existing protocol was used for detecting B. oleae mtDNA sequences of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene in carabids’ gut, and its versatility improved. B. oleae mtDNA was detected up to 20 h after pupa ingestion with a high percentage of success, without significant differences between sexes and pair primers used. Prey DNA extraction was tested from both dissected and non-dissected carabids, obtaining comparable results. The trapping system used to collect carabids for molecular assays and the new elements introduced in the protocol represent cost-effective solutions that may be beneficial for future laboratory trials and, mostly, for the analysis of field-collected predators. Fostering the investigation of soil predators in olive orchard may increase the design of conservation control strategies against B. oleae.
General Relativity Theory Violates the Energy Conservation Law, which is the Fundamental Law of Physics Including the Curved Space-Time Metric
Authors: Hynecek Jaroslav
Published: July 2018

The violation of energy conservation law is a death sentence for the General Relativity Theory (GRT). This paper investigates the correctness of the General Relativity Theory by studying the energy conservation during the relativistic free fall of a small test body in a uniform gravitational field. The paper compares predictions of energy conservation obtained from the GRT and from the Metric Theory of Gravity (MTG). It is found that the gravitational mass dependence on velocity in the GRT is not correct, because this dependency leads to a prediction of violation of energy conservation while the MTG having a different gravitational mass dependency on velocity predicts correctly the energy conservation.
An Overview of Hadoop Scheduler Algorithms
Authors: Hamad Faten
Published: July 2018

Hadoop is a cloud computing open source system, used in large-scale data processing. It became the basic computing platforms for many internet companies. With Hadoop platform users can develop the cloud computing application and then submit the task to the platform. Hadoop has a strong fault tolerance, and can easily increase the number of cluster nodes, using linear expansion of the cluster size, so that clusters can process larger datasets. However Hadoop has some shortcomings, especially in the actual use of the process of exposure to the MapReduce scheduler, which calls for more researches on Hadoop scheduling algorithms.This survey provides an overview of the default Hadoop scheduler algorithms and the problem they have. It also compare between five Hadoop framework scheduling algorithms in term of the default scheduler algorithm to be enhanced, the proposed scheduler algorithm, type of cluster applied either heterogeneous or homogeneous, methodology, and clusters classification based on performance evaluation. Finally, a new algorithm based on capacity scheduling and use of perspective resource utilization to enhance Hadoop scheduling is proposed.
Resources and Capabilities from Their Very Outset: a Bibliometric Comparison Between Scopus and the Web of Science
Authors: Alvarez-Melgarejo Mileidy , Torres-Barreto Martha L.
Published: July 2018

The bibliometric method has proven to be a powerful tool for the analysis of scientific publications, in such a way that allows rating the quality of the knowledge generating process, as well as its impact on firm´s environment. This article presents a comparison between two powerful bibliographic databases in terms of their coverage and the usefulness of their content. The comparison starts with a subject associated to the relationship between resources and capabilities. The outcomes show that the search results differ between both databases. The Web Of Science (WOS), has a greater coverage than SCOPUS has.  It also has a greater impact in terms of most cited authors and publications. The search results in the WOS yield articles from 2001, while Scopus yields articles from 1976, however, some of the latter are inconsistent with the topic being searched. The analysis points to a lack of studies regarding resources as foundations of firm´s capabilities; as a result, new research on this field is suggested.
Incorporation Doctrine’s Federalism Costs
Authors: Strang Lee J.
Published: July 2018

Incorporation Doctrine’s Federalism Costs: A Cautionary Note for the European Union

In this article, I first briefly describe the U.S. Supreme Court’s decades-long process of incorporating the federal Bill of Rights against the states. Second, I argue that incorporation of the Bill of Rights has come with significant costs to federalism in the United States. Third, I suggest that the American experience provides a cautionary note for the European Union as it grapples with the question of whether and to what extent to apply the Charter of Fundamental Rights to its constituent nations. I end by identifying options available to the European Union to avoid at least some of this harm to federalism while, at the same time, securing some of the benefit that might be occasioned by incorporating the Charter.
The Mind on Paper: Reading, Consciousness and Rationality, por David Olson
Authors: Zamudio Mesa Celia
Published: July 2018

Reseña de The Mind on Paper: Reading, Consciousness and Rationality, por David Olson.
Creating an Alternative Production Line by Using a Simulation Technique in Duvet Cover Production
Authors: Ünal Can , Demirbaş Zeycan Aydan
Published: July 2018

In this study, the discrete-event system simulation technique was used in order to create smooth work flow on a duvet cover production line. In accordance with this purpose, a model of the work flow of a duvet cover was created, and input data was collected by means of a time study in order to determine the statistical distribution of all operations using Stat-fit for Simul8 software. The model translation phase was executed in Simul8 Software. Then for the purpose of the verification and validation process, actual system data and simulation model outputs were compared statistically using the normality test and Mann-Whitney non-parametric test in Minitab Software. Once the simulation model of the actual system was properly validated, an alternative model considering fewer operators was generated in order to acquire more output and have a smoother line balance. The alternative model was compared with main one by considering the output rate per operator.
Review of the Characteristic Curves of Silkworm Cocoon Hot Air Dryingand Its Technological Configuration
Authors: Wei Peixing , Tuo Wanyong , Chen Jinxiang , Chen Xiaohan , Xie Jingyi
Published: July 2018

To pass on Chinese cocoon-drying technology to developing countries, this paper reviews characteristic curves of silkworm cocoon hot air drying and its recent research advances in cocoon-drying technology in China based on the epochal and regional characters of cocoon drying technology development. (1) Three characteristic curves of cocoon drying are systematically explained, each of which can be divided into preheating, constant speed, and deceleration stages. The temperature susceptibility (i.e., the characteristics of response to temperature conditions) curve of the pupa successively shows heating, constant temperature, and heating processes. (2) Changes in the drying speed and temperature susceptibility of a fresh cocoon layer and naked pupae were examined in detail before and after pupae were killed in the preheating stage. It is proposed that heating the cocoons as soon as possible during the preheating stage of cocoon drying improves the work efficiency and cocoon quality. (3) The effects of the temperature and humidity of the hot air on the cocoon drying speed (i.e., speed coefficients) are obtained using the enthalpy psychrometric chart. The parameter configuration of cocoon drying technology is elaborated according to the speed coefficients in combination with the characteristic curves of cocoon drying and the influence of the laws of cocoon drying technology on cocoon quality. Furthermore problems in the technological configuration and the direction of future development are noted.
Investigation of Moisture Management and Air Permeability Properties of Fabrics with Linen and Linen-Polyester Blend Yarns
Authors: Çeven Erhan Kenan , Günaydin Gizem Karakan
Published: July 2018

This paper has focused on moisture management (MMT) and air permeability properties of fabrics produced from linen (100%) and linen-polyester yarns (80% polyester and 20% linen) at different weft densities. In the experimental study, eighteen different types of fabrics composed of six different weft yarns with three levels of weft density (weft density of 8,10 &12 pick/cm for 100% linen fabrics and 14,16,18 pick/cm for polyester-linen fabrics) were selected in order to determine the influence of weft density and yarn structural parameters (number of yarn folds) on moisture management as well as air permeability properties. The following weft yarns were selected: 104/1 tex, 104/2 tex & 104/3 tex for 100% linen and 41/1 tex, 41/2 tex & 41/3 tex for 80% Polyester – 20% linen fabrics, whereas the warp yarn was constant – 50/1 tex 100% linen for all fabric types. Satin type fabrics were subjected to moisture management tests and air permeability tests as well. According to test results, it was determined that some of the moisture management (wetting time, absorption rate (%/s) and one-way accumulative transport index of the fabrics’ top surfaces and bottom surfaces) and air permeability properties were significantly affected by the number of yarn folds and the weft density at a 0.05 significance level.
Estimating the Effect of Torso Clothing Insulation on Body Skin and Clothing Temperatures in a Cold Environment Using Infrared Thermography
Authors: Angelova Radostina A. , Georgieva Elena , Markov Detelin , Bozhkov Tsvetan , Simova Iskra , Kehaiova Nushka , Stankov Peter
Published: July 2018

The study presents experiments, conducted with human subjects in an artificial cold chamber, assessing the influence of a cold environment on the temperature of the human body. Infrared thermography was applied as a non-invasive, contactless method for direct measurement of the temperature distribution of both clothed and uncovered parts of the body. Two subzero temperatures were applied and clothing ensembles with two different clothing insulation values were used to assess the effect of the clothing insulation of the torso on the temperature of clothed and uncovered parts of the body of the participants. The average temperature of the chest, back, upper arms, face and middle finger is presented and discussed in relation to the cold exposure duration and clothing insulation used. The results obtained showed the strong influence of the clothing insulation over the torso on skin and clothing temperatures of the body and overall cooling of the body in subzero temperatures.
THANK YOU NOTE FROM THE EDITOR
Authors: Tanaś Maciej
Published: July 2018

Introduction
The labour market in Poland - preceding the cultural transformations associated with the influx of immigrants
Authors: Kwiatkowski Michał
Published: July 2018

This article attempts to analyse preparation of the Polish labour market to welcome migrant workers from outside the European Union. In addition to the numerous statistics showing the current state of the domestic labour market, the author focuses on aspects related to entering the job market by young people and their chances of getting a job. Also analysed is the readiness of Polish society to accept immigrants. The psychological acceptance of immigrants is an extremely important area, especially in the situation of mass inflow of workers from Ukraine, Belarus and other countries from post-Soviet Europe. According to official statistics over 2 million people came to Poland since 2014, which is the largest wave of immigration in the modern history of Poland. Current and adequate knowledge about the Polish labour market is only a starting point for undertaking work on the development of mechanisms to facilitate the immigrants not only the beginning of work, but also a happy life in Poland
A primeira concepção filosófica de Schopenhauer
Authors: Koßler Matthias
Published: July 2018

Em geral, a assim denominada doutrina da consciência melhor é vista como a primeira concepção filosófica de Schopenhauer. Nos Manuscritos, porém, antes da primeira aparição do conceito de “consciência melhor”, aparece várias vezes como projeto a expressão “completo” ou “verdadeiro criticismo”. Com essa intenção, Schopenhauer almejava ir além do criticismo de Kant ao remediar seu “maior erro”, a saber, o descuido com relação à contemplação estética e ao significado do conhecimento intuitivo em oposição ao conceitual. Essa tentativa, que, por um lado, introduziu o conflito com Kant, e por outro, guarda uma proximidade com os projetos filosóficos do primeiro romantismo, será discutida nesta investigação.
A esquerda schopenhaueriana no Brasil
Authors: Durante Felipe
Published: July 2018

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o debate colaborativo estabelecido entre pesquisadores brasileiros sobre a filosofia prática schopenhaueriana. Utilizando as definições de esquerda e direita cunhadas pelo professor Ludger Lütkehaus, apresentaremos e analisaremos os principais aspectos do debate brasileiro no que constitui a sua esquerda schopenhaueriana.
Filosofar sem metafísica? Dos "Suplementos" aos "Parerga"
Authors: Segala Marco
Published: July 2018

Uma interpretação disseminada entre os estudiosos afirma que nas obras de maturidade (Suplementos e Parerga) Schopenhauer teria reduzido seu empenho em sustentar o sistema metafísico, tal como exposto em O mundo como vontade e representação, em favor de uma filosofia voltada principalmente à fenomenalidade. Isso resultaria em uma filosofia menos aporética e mais atraente para os leitores não acadêmicos, que, de fato, premiaram com o sucesso a sua obra madura (Parerga e Paralipomena). O presente ensaio procura mostrar que, pelo contrário, o tema metafísico e a abordagem sistemática jamais são diminuídos em Schopenhauer. Não se trata de um filosofar sem metafísica, mas de uma reflexão cada vez mais atenta seja à complexidade do mundo (natural e humano) seja à crescente importância e autonomia do conhecimento científico em relação à investigação filosófica. E justamente o diálogo cada vez mais estreito com as ciências leva Schopenhauer a remodelar o sistema e o discurso metafísicos, em um filosofar inovador em relação à tradição clássica pós-kantiana e ao seu próprio posicionamento de 1819, capaz de atrair inteiras gerações de leitores.
Pessimismo e sabedoria em Schopenhauer
Authors: Pavão Aguinaldo
Published: July 2018

O artigo explora a alegação de Schopenhauer segundo a qual “toda a nossa existência é algo que seria melhor se não fosse, e que a suprema sabedoria [die größte Weisheit] consiste em negá-la e rejeitá-la”. Após o exame dessa tese, tento mostrar suas possíveis fragilidades. Embora nesse texto eu teça uma breve consideração sobre os Aforismos para a sabedoria de vida, dado que meu objetivo é a discussão sobre a suprema sabedoria e não sobre o sentido imanente de uma sabedoria de vida, deixo de lado a análise e discussão da eudemonologia exposta nos Parerga em benefício de uma mirada nos temas do pessimismo e da negação da vontade, claramente solidários com a ideia da suprema sabedoria apregoada por Schopenhauer na passagem acima citada. Faço isso porque não quero, pelo menos aqui, correr o risco de me desviar do ponto de vista superior, ético-metafísico, da filosofia de Schopenhauer.
Selênio: funções biológicas e efeitos tóxicos
Authors: Farina Marcelo
Published: July 2018

Many studies have indicated the toxicological role of organic and inorganic species of selenium, inducing the appearance of a large variety of process that cause the injury of animals and humans tissues.However, its well known that selenium is an essential trace element for man and its deficiency is the major cause of some mammalian pathologies like cardiac and muscular diseases. This review approach the chemical characteristics of selenium, relating them with their physiologic and toxicologic effects. Consideration about the absorption, metabolism and excretion of species of selenium are also showed.
Monitoramento de voçorocas em solos podzóllcos da região de Rondonópolls-MT
Authors: Werlang Mauro Kumpfer
Published: July 2018

The objective of this paper is to present the ravine and voçorocas in monitorings done in podzolic soils in the region of Rondonópolis - Mato Grosso - Brazil. The ravines and voçorocas were monitored in an area of 25.500 m2 in the county of Rondonópolis , in a section of concave slope with approximately 23% of declivity. This declivity can be found in a ramp of 174 meters located on the left bank of the Jurigue River. The work was done in a period of one year, covering a dry period and a rainy. It presents considerations related to the physical atmosphere of the region and of the area. These considerations observed aspects, such as: geology, geomorphology, vegetation and climate.
Endorphins - A Novel Holistic Therapeutic Approach to Cancer
Authors: T.G. Shrihari
Published: July 2018

Endorphins are endogenous morphine, neuropeptides produced from pituitary gland in response to stress and pain. These are of three types- beta-endorphins, dynorphins, enkephalins, binds to mu, kappa, delta receptors found on immune cells and nervous system. Beta-endorphins is the most abundant endorphin synthesized and stored in the anterior pituitary gland. It has got various activities such as Immune stimulatory activity, anti-inflammatory activity, analgesic activity, stress buster, and anti-aging activity. Immune stimulatory activity by activation of NK cells, macrophages, T-lymphocytes, anti-inflammatory activity by production of cytokines, such as IL-18, 1L-10, analgesic activity by inhibiting substance-p, anti-ageing by suppressing ROS, RNS, free radicals and lengthening telomeres, stress buster activity by decreasing cortisol and nor-adrenaline, dopamine release involved in holistic, preventive, promotive, therapeutic and palliative treatment of cancer without any adverse affects and inexpensive. This article brief about the current concept of novel actions of endorphins in holistic treatment of cancer .
Les politiques publiques face à la diversité des PME : les apports d’une approche taxonomique en Rhône-Alpes1
Authors: Reboud Sophie , Serboff Thierry , Goy Hervé , Mazzarol Tim , Clark Delwyn
Published: July 2018

Nous développons une taxonomie des entreprises de petite taille (TPE/PME) permettant de mieux les classifier et de mieux les comprendre, afin de mieux en soutenir le développement. Pour cela, nous mobilisons une base de données de grande ampleur construite pour la région Rhône-Alpes. Cette étude est motivée par l’énorme diversité des PME, et l’existence de très nombreuses définitions, tant statistiques que de recherche, utilisées pour de multiples usages, sans que l’une ou l’autre se dégage réellement. Cherchant à apporter un outil aux décideurs publics, notre travail cherche à construire une taxonomie des PME en se fondant sur une observation empirique. Nous cherchons ainsi à mieux identifier des situations stratégiques appelant des accompagnements différents. Notre étude permet d’identifier sept catégories de PME groupées par similitude de comportement et de situation stratégique. Pour chacune de ces catégories, nous analysons une firme caractéristique, que l’on peut identifier comme un archétype. Cette approche devrait se montrer plus réaliste et permettre en particulier aux décideurs politiques de mieux adapter leurs efforts de soutiens aux PME. Elle devrait également permettre une meilleure précision aux recherches conduites sur les PME.
Oxidative stress and other risk factors associated with diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Mališ Snežana , Savić-Radojević Ana , Kovačević Marijana , Pavlović Dragana
Published: July 2018

Introduction. The aim of the study was to examine whether biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities are among other risk factors for diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods. The study involved 70 patients with type 2 diabetes (37 males, aged 41 to 81 years) allocated to two groups: one of 32 patients with DN and the other of 38 patients without DN. In the study of oxidative stress 15 healthy persons were included. All examined patients were interviewed and underwent objective examination. Their serum and urine samples were analyzed in order to estimate the quality of glycoregulation and kidney function. Protein thiol groups (P-SH), antioxidant enzyme activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX)] were determined in plasma spectrophotometrically and malondialdehyde-adducts (MDA) by enzyme immunoassay. Results. No significant differences were found between the two groups for demographic characteristics, duration and treatment of diabetes, blood pressure, fasting glucose level and HbA1c. Patients with DN had a higher body mass index, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and higher albuminuria and proteinuria. Plasma activity of GPX and SOD as well as levels of MDA adducts and P-SH groups were similar in patients with and without DN, but GPX and SOD plasma activities were significantly lower and plasma level of MDA significantly higher in all patients than in healthy controls. Patient gender, age, BMI, HbA1c and plasma level of P-SH and MDA were selected as significant predictors of DN. Patient age, duration of diabetes, serum phosphorus, uric acid levels and plasma SOD activity were negatively associated with eGFR. Patient age, serum levels of protein and albumin and plasma GPX activity were negatively, while systolic BP, serum levels of uric acid and cholesterol were positively associated with proteinuria. Conclusion. Biomarkers of oxidative protein and lipid damage were selected as risk factors for DN, besides several other well known risk factors.
Results of bacterial analysis of foodstuffs and swabs from working surfaces in food manufacturing and marketing facilities in Bosnian-Podrinje Canton Goražde
Authors: Bičo Medina , Dardagan Erna
Published: July 2018

Introduction. According to the Consumer and Food Safety Act, the term foodstuffs is referred to as any substance used for food or drink, either processed or unprocessed. Food safety is referred to as hygiene food safety as well as the safety of food composition (energy giving, body building and protective food components). The aim of the study is to examine the bacteriological quality of samples of foodstuffs and swabs from working surfaces in food manufacturing and marketing facilities in Bosnian-Podrinje Canton (BPC) from 2011 to 2015, as well as to determine whether the increase in the frequency of supervision leads to the decrease in the number of defective samples. Methods.The study encompassed three municipalities of BPC: Goražde, Prača and Ustikolina. Microbiological quality of samples was tested in the accredited microbiology laboratory of the Public Health Institute of the Sarajevo Canton, and partly in the laboratories of the Public Health Institute of BPC. For a retrospective view of the obtained data, Central laboratory protocols from the last five years were used. Results. The greatest number of samples was collected in catering establishments in Goražde Municipality. The number of analyzed samples increased during five-year period: from 51 food and 69 swab samples in 2011 to 150 food and 270 surface swab samples in 2015. The number of inadequate samples decreased simultaneously from 7.27% to 3.33%. In the majority of samples, aerobic mesophilic bacteria (37) and saprophytic cocci (25) were isolated, while Streptoccocus faecalis and sulphitoreducing Clostridiae were found only in one sample. The number of samples in which bacteria were isolated decreased in five-year period: from 38 samples in 2011 to 15 samples in 2015. Conclusion. It has been shown that the more frequent control of the food manufacturing and marketing facilities leads to better results, that is to the reduction in the number of bacteriological defective samples. Food safety is not alarming in BPC.
Effects of physiotherapy in patients treated with chronic hemodialysis
Authors: Stolić Radojica , Mihailović Branko , Matijašević Ivana , Jakšić Maša
Published: July 2018

Although physical activity is an important factor in prevention of many chronic, non-infectious diseases, it is rarely used as a regular procedure in dialysis patients. Despite the guidelines on good clinical practice, recommended physical exercise as a part of routine activities is implemented in a very small number of centers. Factors that contribute to sustainable exercise programs are the professional commitment of a multidisciplinary team consisting of physiotherapist, nephrologist, geriatrist, social worker, nurse, the incentive and encouragement of the entire dialysis staff for carrying out active exercise, as well as adequate physical space and equipment, with individualization for each patient in turn. Patients with end-stage kidney disease who are in the physical treatment program show significant functional improvements, especially those associated with the cardiovascular, respiratory and muscular system, as well as with the quality of life. There are no reports on serious injuries as a result of participation in the exercise program. This indicates that it is time for physical therapy to be included in the regular routine care procedure in hemodialysis patients. However, it is necessary to identify an optimal training regimen in accordance with the individual characteristics of each patient, in order to make it easier to apply the exercise program.
Geriatrics in Serbia nowadays
Authors: Davidović Mladen , Ivanović Milan
Published: July 2018

The first hospital department for the treatment of elderly people in the world was founded by Laza Lazarević in Belgrade in 1881. The Division of Geriatrics of the Department of Internal Medicine at the City Hospital in Belgrade was founded in 1963, as the first one in the former Yugoslavia. The first regional department within the field of gerontology was founded at the Medical Faculty in Belgrade in 1995. In 1998, the first university textbook on geriatrics was published in Belgrade. Geriatrics exists as a subspecialization of internal or general medicine. In the last few decades, the subspecialization format has changed from subspecialization in gerontology, through the specialization in geriatrics, to the current format. In Serbia, the health activists in the field of geriatrics and gerontology are gathered by Gerontological Society of Serbia and are also members of Geriatric Section of the Serbian Medical Society. Health professionals, geriatricians and gerontologists, are members of the Serbian Association of Geriatricians and Gerontologist, which is a member of the European Geriatric Association. Currently, Serbia has more than 1.3 million inhabitants over 65 years of age. By 2050, it is estimated that one-third of the Serbian citizens will belong to the elderly population. The benefits each country has from the health professionals educated in the field of geriatrics are the following: better quality of life of elderly patients, reduction in mortality rate and increased life expectancy of the elderly, decrease in the percentage of rehospitalization of elderly patients, as well as reduction in health care costs.
An emerging viral pathogen truncates population age structure in a European amphibian and may reduce population viability
Authors: Campbell Lewis J , Garner Trenton W J , Tessa Giulia , Scheele Benjamin C , Griffiths Amber G F , Wilfert Lena , Harrison Xavier A
Published: July 2018

Infectious diseases can alter the demography of their host populations, reducing their viability even in the absence of mass mortality. Amphibians are the most threatened group of vertebrates globally, and emerging infectious diseases play a large role in their continued population declines. Viruses belonging to the genus Ranavirus are responsible for one of the deadliest and most widespread of these diseases. To date, no work has used individual level data to investigate how ranaviruses affect population demographic structure. We used skeletochronology and morphology to evaluate the impact of ranaviruses on the age structure of populations of the European common frog (Rana temporaria) in the United Kingdom. We compared ecologically similar populations that differed only in their historical presence or absence of ranavirosis (the acute syndrome caused by ranavirus infection). Our results suggest that ranavirosis may truncate the age structure of R. temporaria populations. One potential explanation for such a shift might be increased adult mortality and subsequent shifts in the life history of younger age classes that increase reproductive output earlier in life. Additionally we constructed population projection models which indicated that such increased adult mortality could heighten the vulnerability of frog populations to stochastic environmental challenges.
Ethical Aspects in Web Marketing for Seniors: A Grid for Linguistic Analysis
Authors: Kim Grego
Published: July 2018

People aged 65 and over make up an increasing share of the population of both the US and Europe as well as of other developed countries. Similarly to the elderly from the past, as social actors they are prone to vulnerability and risk due to their age. However, today’s seniors are different from seniors from past decades as regards education, finances and IT skills, as well as in their motivations, expectations and needs. They also increasingly negotiate their own age discursively, making it no longer a factual datum but a flexible one. This makes it difficult for public and private institutions alike to understand them as consumers. Drawing from previous research in sociolinguistics, marketing and social studies, this study aims to propose a grid for the linguistic analysis of the opportunities and risks inherent in (web-)marketing texts aimed at seniors, with particular attention to the ethical repercussions that these may have for them. The potential strengths and possible limits of the proposed grid are then evaluated, and suggestions for future developments are put forward.
“The diet is not suitable for all...”: On the British and Irish web-based discourse on the Ketogenic Diet
Authors: Davide Mazzi
Published: July 2018

This paper is aimed at analysing the discourse tools and argumentative resources at work in the debate on the Ketogenic Diet (KD), an increasingly popular regimen with far-reaching clinical implications. The study centred on two small comparable corpora including web-based materials from relevant stakeholders in the debate on the KD, namely health institutions, charities and the press from the UK and Ireland. From a methodological point of view, the study consisted of two main stages: first of all, a quantitative analysis of phraseology focusing on lexical bundles; secondly, a qualitative study of patterns of argumentative discourse, for the purpose of identifying common argument schemes and their relationship in the overall argument structure. On the one hand, the British discourse on the KD broadly reflects the deeply-held conviction that the diet should be given proper consideration, especially in the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy. On the other hand, the Irish discourse on the diet appears to be more complex and multilayered. The role of the KD as a significant component of epilepsy treatment is acknowledged, but at the same time citations from influential figures often fulfil different argumentative commitments.
Stem Cells and (Pseudo)Science: Discursive Aspects of the Stamina Case as Seen in Nature
Authors: Alessandra Vicentini
Published: July 2018

This study examines the Stamina case, one of the most controversial mediatic incidents of the last years in Italy, from an applied linguistic perspective. Through the analysis of a small corpus of texts published on the online version of Nature (Nature.com) between 2013 and 2014, it investigates how scientists, political and health institutions, the media, the patients and the public interact when faced with (pseudo)scientific news that may be relevant from a public health perspective. Based on selected sociological models of science communication (Bucchi 1998; Bucchi and Neresini 2008; Trench 2008; Hetland 2014; Metcalfe 2014; Neresini 2015), combined with methodological tools from critical discourse analysis (Fairclough 1995, 2003; Eisenhart and Johnstone 2008; Wodak 2013), argumentation theory (van Eemeren et al. 2004), and making reference to science popularisation studies (Calsamiglia 2003; Garzone 2006), the qualitative analysis shows how the communication pattern of scientific news with public health relevance is changing. Power relations are on the move and so are the aims, the communicative strategies and the genres employed. These are in fact influenced by a growing interaction between bottom-up pressures (patients, families, the public, the media) and a topdown diffusion of information (scientists, political and healthcare institutions, the media) with the latter prevailing over the former. From the data collected, it seems crucial that the dissemination and popularisation of scientific issues should be further spread. Scientists must counter propaganda and hysteria on (social) media, as well as engage more directly with people (Hunter 2016) in order to oppose pseudoscience.
Tryparedoxin peroxidase-deficiency commits trypanosomes to ferroptosis-type cell death
Authors: Bogacz Marta , Krauth-Siegel R Luise
Published: July 2018

Tryparedoxin peroxidases, distant relatives of glutathione peroxidase 4 in higher eukaryotes, are responsible for the detoxification of lipid-derived hydroperoxides in African trypanosomes. The lethal phenotype of procyclic Trypanosoma brucei that lack the enzymes fulfils all criteria defining a form of regulated cell death termed ferroptosis. Viability of the parasites is preserved by α-tocopherol, ferrostatin-1, liproxstatin-1 and deferoxamine. Without protecting agent, the cells display, primarily mitochondrial, lipid peroxidation, loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP depletion. Sensors for mitochondrial oxidants and chelatable iron as well as overexpression of a mitochondrial iron-superoxide dismutase attenuate the cell death. Electron microscopy revealed mitochondrial matrix condensation and enlarged cristae. The peroxidase-deficient parasites are subject to lethal iron-induced lipid peroxidation that probably originates at the inner mitochondrial membrane. Taken together, ferroptosis is an ancient cell death program that can occur at individual subcellular membranes and is counterbalanced by evolutionary distant thiol peroxidases.
Lysosomal cholesterol export reconstituted from fragments of Niemann-Pick C1
Authors: Trinh Michael Nguyen , Brown Michael S , Seemann Joachim , Goldstein Joseph L , Lu Feiran
Published: July 2018

Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1) is a polytopic membrane protein with 13 transmembrane helices that exports LDL-derived cholesterol from lysosomes by carrying it through the 80 Å glycocalyx and the 40 Å lipid bilayer. Transport begins when cholesterol binds to the N-terminal domain (NTD) of NPC1, which projects to the surface of the glycocalyx. Here, we reconstitute cholesterol transport by expressing the NTD as a fragment separate from the remaining portion of NPC1. When co-expressed, the two NPC1 fragments reconstitute cholesterol transport, indicating that the NTD has the flexibility to interact with the remaining parts of NPC1 even when not covalently linked. We also show that cholesterol can be transferred from the NTD of one full-length NPC1 to another NPC1 molecule that lacks the NTD. These data support the hypothesis that cholesterol is transported through interactions between two or more NPC1 molecules.
National Academies President on How to Use Generative AI Responsibly in Scientific Research
Authors: Bibbins-Domingo Kirsten , Hswen Yulin
Published: November 2024

This Medical News article is an interview with National Academy of Sciences President Marcia McNutt, PhD, and JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS, about responsible use of generative AI for scientific research.
UN Meeting Highlights Antimicrobial Resistance “Epiphany”—Lack of Antibiotic Access Is a Key Driver
Authors: Schweitzer Kate
Published: November 2024

This Medical News article discusses the first high-level meeting on antimicrobial resistance at the United Nations since 2016 and a new report on the global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance.
Clinicopathological and epigenetic differences between primary neuroendocrine tumors and neuroendocrine metastases in the ovary
Authors: Mulders Merijn CF , Verschuur Anna Vera D , de Lussanet de la Sablonière Quido G , Roes Eva Maria , Geisenberger Christoph , Brosens Lodewijk AA , de Herder Wouter W , van Velthuysen Marie‐Louise F , Hofland Johannes
Published: November 2024

Currently, the available literature provides insufficient support to differentiate between primary ovarian neuroendocrine tumors (PON) and neuroendocrine ovarian metastases (NOM) in patients. For this reason, patients with a well‐differentiated ovarian neuroendocrine tumor (NET) were identified through electronic patient records and a nationwide search between 1991 and 2023. Clinical characteristics were collected from electronic patient files. This resulted in the inclusion of 71 patients with NOM and 17 patients with PON. Histologic material was stained for Ki67, SSTR2a, CDX2, PAX8, TTF1, SATB2, ISLET1, OTP, PDX1, and ARX. DNA methylation analysis was performed on a subset of cases. All PON were unilateral and nine were found within a teratoma (PON‐T+). A total of 78% of NOM were bilateral, and none were associated with a teratoma. PON without teratomous components (PON‐T−) displayed a similar insular growth pattern and immunohistochemistry as NOM (p > 0.05). When compared with PON‐T+, PON‐T− more frequently displayed ISLET1 positivity and were larger, and patients were older at diagnosis (p < 0.05). Unsupervised analysis of DNA methylation profiles from tumors of ovarian (n = 16), pancreatic (n = 22), ileal (n = 10), and rectal (n = 7) origin revealed that four of five PON‐T− clustered together with NOM and ileal NET, whereas four of five PON‐T+ grouped with rectum NET. In conclusion, unilateral ovarian NET within a teratoma should be treated as a PON. Ovarian NET localizations without teratomous components have a molecular profile analogous to midgut NET metastases. For these patients, a thorough review of imaging should be performed to identify a possible undetected midgut NET and a corresponding follow‐up strategy may be recommended.
Chorein deficiency promotes ferroptosis
Authors: Nishizawa Yoshiaki , Sakimoto Hitoshi , Nagata Omi , Sasaki Natsuki , Urata Yuka , Arai Kaoru , Hiwatashi Hanae , Yokoyama Izumi , Kishida Shosei , Sano Akira , Nakamura Masayuki
Published: November 2024

Ferroptosis is a type of programmed cell death owed to an intracellular accumulation of iron resulting in the generation reactive oxygen species, which in turn can cause peroxidation of plasma membrane lipids and ultimately result in cell death. We investigated the potential involvement of VPS13A deficiency in ferroptosis. The VPS13A gene encodes for chorein, and its deficiency is a molecular cause of chorea‐acanthocytosis (ChAc), a Huntington‐like disease with neurodegeneration in the striatum. In our previous study, we found male infertility characterized by increased malondialdehyde staining of the spermatozoa in the testes of the ChAc model mice. Thus, in this study we performed metabolome analysis of sperm extracted from the epididymis of the ChAc model mice, which revealed decreased cystine levels, suggesting an association between chorein deficiency and ferroptosis. We then investigated the role of chorein in ferroptosis using VPS13A knockdown (VPS13A‐KD) HEK293 cells. We found that VPS13A‐KD cells displayed a significantly diminished resistance to tert‐Butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP)‐induced lipid peroxidation and cell death compared to control cells, which could be rescued by treatment with ferrostatin‐1. Moreover, VPS13A‐KD cells showed Fe(II) accumulation, suggesting an impaired capacity for divalent iron removal. In the cytosolic fraction of VPS13A‐KD cells, the protein level of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) was significantly reduced, suggesting that dysfunction of chorein impairs GPX4 transport, thereby facilitating ferroptosis. These results suggest that ferroptosis may contribute to neurodegeneration in ChAc caused by loss of chorein function.