bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Las dos caras de una misma moneda. Reformismo y esclavitud en Santo Domingo a fines del periodo colonial
Authors: Belmonte Postigo José Luis
Published: September 2014

El proyecto reformista borbónico articuló una serie de medidas que pretendían el incremento del esclavismo en el área del Caribe. Una de estas medidas fue la creación de una normativa legal unitaria que estableciera de manera formal el marco de relaciones entre propietarios y esclavos. Su implementación fracasó, en buena medida, porque se alejaban del ámbito de las costumbres que habían regido las relaciones amo-esclavo en Santo Domingo durante buena parte del periodo colonial.
Las funciones crediticias de las cofradías y los negocios de los mercaderes del Consulado de la ciudad de México, fines del siglo XVIII y principios del siglo XIX
Authors: Del Valle Pavón Guillermina
Published: September 2014

Se analiza la forma en que los mercaderes del Consulado de la ciudad de México se valieron del crédito que otorgaban las cofradías y otras corporaciones religiosas en las últimas décadas del siglo XVIII, cuando el mercado de crédito eclesiástico se dinamizó como consecuencia de la reactivación de la economía de Nueva España. Dichos mercaderes se encontraban entre los principales fundadores de obras pías y fueron los mayores beneficiarios de los fondos piadosos que administraban las corporaciones religiosas, lo que se muestra mediante el examen de cuatro de las hermandades piadosas más acaudaladas.
Procesos de laicización en Santa Fe (Argentina): 1860-1900. Consideraciones sobre la «Argentina liberal y laica»
Authors: Mauro Diego A.
Published: September 2014

El presente artículo plantea la necesidad de avanzar en la construcción de una historia de la secularización y la laicidad en la Argentina. En dicho marco se resalta la importancia de indagar más rigurosamente los procesos de laicización que, con diferentes modalidades, se desarrollaron a lo largo de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. Partiendo de este diagnóstico, el artículo aborda puntualmente el caso de la provincia de Santa Fe entre las décadas de 1860 y 1900, período en el que –siguiendo la conceptualización de Jean Baubérot– toma forma lo que cabría definirse como un «segundo umbral de laicidad».
Tráfico mercantil andino, comerciantes indígenas y fiscalización estatal (Tarapacá, norte de Chile 1880-1938)
Authors: Castro C. Luis
Published: September 2014

En este artículo se aborda el intenso y relevante tráfico mercantil realizado en la entonces provincia de Tarapacá por comerciantes y arrieros indígenas aymaras de ambos lados de la zona fronteriza andina chileno-boliviana durante el ciclo salitrero. Además de poner énfasis en los alcances y características de esta forma de circulación de mercancías y el componente étnico de la misma, se presta atención a la compleja relación con los agentes fiscales chilenos teniendo en cuenta que se estaba en pleno proceso de chilenización.
Superfluous or Moderation?
Authors: Zakaria Norhayati , Wan-Ismail Wan-Nurisma Ayu , Abdul-Talib Asmat-Nizam
Published: September 2014

In this chapter, the authors focus on the aspects of religious belief that may affect consumption behavior. Previous studies have clearly stated that the study of religion's influence on consumer behavior is still under-researched (Lindridge, 2005; Mokhlis, 2009, 2010). The premise lies in the view that culture is a way of life, and thus, the authors explore whether or not that suggests the same for religion, and if it is, how does religion predict the conspicuous behavior of people towards the purchase of luxury goods? In specific, the authors are interested in exploring the level and intensity of religiosity on conspicuous consumption. Therefore, it is significant to study “religiosity” as one of the predictive factors of a consumerism culture that may help explain why people engage in conspicuous consumption. The chapter provides a concluding remark by highlighting the practical aspects on domestic or international marketers who wish to market their luxury products in Malaysia.
Determinants of Saudi Consumers' Willingness to Participate in Cause-Related Marketing (CRM) Campaigns
Authors: Alharthi Sager , Valenzuela Fredy-Roberto , Fisher Josie
Published: September 2014

The current chapter explores how Saudi consumers perceive CRM campaigns, their awareness toward this kind of campaign, and then the effect of their perception on their willingness to participate in CRM campaigns in Saudi Arabia. In addition, it examines the effect of cause's attributes on the willingness to participate in CRM campaigns. The chapter discusses the results of 25 in-depth interviews with Saudi consumers that were conducted in one of the main shopping centres in Saudi Arabia. The following main themes emerged from the interviews: consumers' perception of CRM campaigns, matching between the charity and the company/brand, the importance of the cause to the consumer, and the proximity of the cause. In addition, results show the high impact of consumers' religious, moral, and cultural background on the decision to participate in a CRM campaign.
Halal Food Market and Opportunities for Logistics Sector
Authors: Yener Dursun
Published: September 2014

Religions have their own set of rules about foods. There are institutions to supervise the conformity of the food products to these particular sets of rules. Products that are ritually fit according to the religious law and therefore are proper to be consumed are called “kosher” for Jews and “halal” for Muslims. The topic of halal food has sparked a continuously increasing interest, especially in recent years, and it is one of the most popular topics on the agenda of both the scientific and business communities as well as the states. In this chapter, both the concept of “halal” and the logistics operations that also have a significant relevance with the concept have thoroughly been examined. The concept of halal covers all of the activities related with food products “from farm to fork,” but logistics activities in this sense have usually been ignored. In this study, the definition and scope of halal logistics and also the opportunities for businesses have been dealt with. The aim of the research is to determine the potential of the halal food market around the world and opportunities for the logistics sector. Since the number of the studies about halal food and halal market is limited, this chapter is expected to help academicians and practitioners. One of the objectives of this study is to compare similarities and differences between halal food and kosher food. Another objective of the study is to determine the rules of halal food in logistics operations.
Islamic Tourism in South Africa
Authors: Davids M. Noor
Published: September 2014

New economic opportunities emerged during the post-apartheid period in South Africa. Tourism was one sector that presented untapped potential to its citizens and the global community. This sector became one of the key generators of economic activity, and “halal tourism,” also referred to as Islamic tourism, developed as part of this emerging market. Research in Islamic tourism is still in its infancy, but due to the historical presence of Muslims, Islamic culture has always been regarded as an integral part of the South African cultural heritage. Evidence that Islamic tourism is an emerging sector is the recently convened conference on “halal tourism” in South Africa. Islamic tourism cannot be understood without an appreciation of the history of Muslims in South Africa. Since their arrival as political exiles and slaves beginning in 1652, Muslims struggled against colonialism and oppression, and today, their vibrancy is visible in the cultural, social, and economic landscape of South African society. The critical question that informs this chapter is, What is the potential of Islamic tourism in South Africa? Through a theoretical lens, tourism is viewed from a postmodern perspective that critiques the dominant homogenous views of Islam and Muslims. While Muslim culture evolved over time, it changed into a hybrid of cultural and religious confluences shaped by internal and external forces. Muslim culture consequently forms a significant component of the national heritage and is an integral part of the tourism industry. This chapter locates the manifestation of Islam in the context of tourism, arguing for its viability as a significant component of an emerging global Islamic tourism market.
Transient Low-Dose Methotrexate Generates B Regulatory Cells That Mediate Antigen-Specific Tolerance to Alglucosidase Alfa
Authors: Joly Marguerite S. , Martin Roderick P. , Mitra-Kaushik Shibani , Phillips Lucy , D’Angona Alida , Richards Susan M. , Joseph Alexandra M.
Published: September 2014

Biologic drugs, including enzyme-replacement therapies, can elicit anti-drug Abs (ADA) that may interfere with drug efficacy and impact patient safety. In an effort to control ADA, we focused on identifying regimens of immune tolerance induction that may be readily available for clinical use. Data generated in both wild-type mice and a Pompe disease mouse model demonstrate that single-cycle, low-dose methotrexate can be as effective as three cycles of methotrexate in providing a long-lived reduction in alglucosidase alfa-specific ADA. In addition, we show that methotrexate induces Ag-specific tolerance as mice generate similar Ab responses to an irrelevant Ag regardless of prior methotrexate treatment. Methotrexate-induced immune tolerance does not seem to involve cell depletion, but rather a specific expansion of IL-10– and TGF-β–secreting B cells that express Foxp3, suggesting an induction of regulatory B cells. The mechanism of immune tolerance induction appears to be IL-10 dependent, as methotrexate does not induce immune tolerance in IL-10 knockout mice. Splenic B cells from animals that have been tolerized to alglucosidase alfa with methotrexate can transfer tolerance to naive hosts. We hypothesize that methotrexate induction treatment concomitant with initial exposure to the biotherapeutic can induce Ag-specific immune tolerance in mice through a mechanism that appears to involve the induction of regulatory B cells.
IL-17A Enhances the Expression of Profibrotic Genes through Upregulation of the TGF-β Receptor on Hepatic Stellate Cells in a JNK-Dependent Manner
Authors: Fabre Thomas , Kared Hassen , Friedman Scott L. , Shoukry Naglaa H.
Published: September 2014

Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a key event in the initiation of liver fibrosis, characterized by enhanced extracellular matrix production and altered degradation. Activation of HSCs can be modulated by cytokines produced by immune cells. Recent reports have implicated the proinflammatory cytokine IL-17A in liver fibrosis progression. We hypothesized that IL-17A may enhance activation of HSCs and induction of the fibrogenic signals in these cells. The human HSC line LX2 and primary human HSCs were stimulated with increasing doses of IL-17A and compared with TGF-β– and PBS-treated cells as positive and negative controls, respectively. IL-17A alone did not induce activation of HSCs. However, IL-17A sensitized HSCs to the action of suboptimal doses of TGF-β as confirmed by strong induction of α–smooth muscle actin, collagen type I (COL1A1), and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase I gene expression and protein production. IL-17A specifically upregulated the cell surface expression of TGF-βRII following stimulation. Pretreatment of HSCs with IL-17A enhanced signaling through TGF-βRII as observed by increased phosphorylation of SMAD2/3 in response to stimulation with suboptimal doses of TGF-β. This enhanced TGF-β response of HSCs induced by IL-17A was JNK-dependent. Our results suggest a novel profibrotic function for IL-17A by enhancing the response of HSCs to TGF-β through activation of the JNK pathway. IL-17A acts through upregulation and stabilization of TGF-βRII, leading to increased SMAD2/3 signaling. These findings represent a novel example of cooperative signaling between an immune cytokine and a fibrogenic receptor.
Dissecting the Contribution of IgG Subclasses in Restricting Airway Infection with Legionella pneumophila
Authors: Weber Stefan S. , Ducry Jasmin , Oxenius Annette
Published: September 2014

Abs are able to mediate local protection from pulmonary infection with Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of a severe form of pneumonia known as Legionnaires’ disease. L. pneumophila is able to infect alveolar macrophages in the lung and replicates intracellularly in a vacuolar compartment with endoplasmic reticulum–like characteristics. However, Abs opsonize the bacteria and confer an FcR-mediated signal to phagocytic host cells that vetoes the bacterial evasion strategies, thereby efficiently targeting the bacteria to intracellular lysosomal degradation. In this study we analyzed the prevalence of pathogen-specific IgG subclasses present in immunized mice and found that the presence of IgG2c and IgG3 correlated with reduced bacterial titers after intranasal infection. We then isolated different IgG subclasses and compared their differential prophylactic potential in restricting airway L. pneumophila replication. We found that all IgG subclasses were effective in restricting pulmonary airway infection in mice when administered at high and equivalent doses. However, at limiting Ab concentrations we found a superior role of IgG2c in restricting L. pneumophila replication in a prophylactic setting. Furthermore, we assessed the therapeutic efficacy of administering an mAb during an established infection and found that bacterial titers could be reduced very efficiently with such a treatment. Thus, we propose the therapeutic use of Abs for the treatment of intracellular bacterial infections in situations where antibiotics might be ineffective.
In vivo determination of renal stone composition with dual-energy computed tomography
Authors: Corbett John-Henry , Harmse Werner S.
Published: September 2014

Background: Composition of renal stones influences management of patients with renal stone disease. Currently stone composition can only be analysed ex vivo after stone extraction or passage, but recent introduction of dual-energy computed tomography (CT) to clinical practice has raised interest in the ability of this technology to determine composition of renal stones in vivo.Objectives: To determine renal stone composition in patients using single-source dual-energy rapid-peak kilovolt (kVp) switching CT.Method: Nineteen patients with renal stones for percutaneous nephrolithotomy were evaluated with single-source dual-energy computed tomography on a Discovery CT 750HD. The Gemstone Spectral Imaging (GSI) effective atomic number (Zeff) and attenuation at 70 keV monochromatic energy were used to predict the stone composition. Infrared spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction of stones after extraction served as the reference standard.Results: Two (10.5%) of the 19 stones had uric acid as major component. The other 17 (89.5%) were calcium-based stones. No statistically significant difference between the GSI Zeff and calculated effective atomic number (Z) for stone compounds was found. The GSI Zeff and attenuation could differentiate between uric acid and non-uric acid stones. No differentiation between different calcium stones could be made.Conclusion: Uric acid and non-uric acid renal stones can be differentiated with single-source dual-energy in vivo. The GSI Zeff reflects the dominant material in polycrystalline stones.
Difference between Luminal A and Luminal B Subtypes According to Ki-67, Tumor Size, and Progesterone Receptor Negativity Providing Prognostic Information
Authors: Inic Zorka , Zegarac Milan , Inic Momcilo , Markovic Ivan , Kozomara Zoran , Djurisic Igor , Inic Ivana , Pupic Gordana , Jancic Snezana
Published: September 2014

Background

The St. Gallen International Expert Consensus of 2011 proposes a new classification system for breast cancer based on its division into five subgroups. The criteria to identify these subtypes were recently refined at the 2013 Conference. In this respect, the authors of this paper have conducted a retrospective analysis of breast cancer subtypes, related to Ki-67 and involvement of the axillary lymph nodes (ALNs). The analysis was performed only in the cases of invasive breast cancer in the pT2 stages. The research and results of the paper have shown that investigating the value of these parameters could be of great benefit in future treatment strategies of invasive breast cancer.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of breast cancer subtypes, tumor nodal metastatic staging, and histopathological grading of 108 cases has been performed according to the methods recommended and provided by the St. Gallen International Expert Consensus Report, 2011. The estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), and Ki-67 of 108 tumor samples were all investigated by immunohistochemistry according to the methods used to classify breast cancer subtypes as proposed in the St. Gallen Consensus Report, 2011. Invasive breast cancers (n = 108) were immunohistochemically classified as follows: 28 (25.92%) as Luminal A, 51 (47.22%) as Luminal B (HER2 negative), 21 (19.44%) as Luminal B-like (HER2 negative), 2 (1.85%) as HER2 positive, and 6 (5.55%) as being a triple-negative subtype.

Results

The conclusion was made that when Ki-67 was found to be higher, patients also showed a higher involvement in their ALNs. The chi-square test shows the difference to be significant (chi-square = 4.757; P = 0.029). Luminal B subtypes had the highest percentage (54.9%) of involvement of lymph nodes when compared to the other four subtypes. The Luminal B subtype had a higher percentage (51.4%) of involvement of lymph nodes than did Luminal A (10.7%). The chi-square test also shows the difference to be significant ( P < 0.05).

Conclusion

A combination of the Ki-67 index, HER negative tumors, PR negativity, and a low value that can be used to segregate ER positive pT2 tumors into prognostically significantly different clinical outcomes may be utilized clinically to guide patient management in accordance with these tumor characteristics.
Geography of Irregular Gorenstein 3–folds
Authors: Zhang Tong
Published: September 2014

In this paper, we study the explicit geography problem of irregular Gorenstein minimal
3–folds of general type. We generalize the classical Noether–Castelnuovo type inequalities for irregular
surfaces to irregular 3–folds according to the Albanese dimension.
Constructing equivalences with some extensions to the divisor and topological invariance of projective holonomy
Authors: Rosas Rudy
Published: September 2014

Given topologically equivalent germs of holomorphic foliations

\mathcal{F}

and

\mathcal{F}'

, under some hypothesis, we construct topological equivalences extending to some regions of the divisor after resolution of singularities. As an application we study the topological invariance of the projective holonomy representation.
On the number of finite subgroups of a lattice
Authors: Samet Iddo
Published: September 2014

We show that the number of conjugacy classes of maximal finite subgroups of a lattice in a semisimple Lie group is linearly bounded by the covolume of the lattice. Moreover, for higher rank groups, we show that this number grows sublinearly with covolume. We obtain similar results for isotropy subgroups in lattices. Geometrically, this yields volume bounds for the number of strata in the natural stratification of a finite-volume locally symmetric orbifold.
Effects of stellar evolution and ionizing radiation on the environments of massive stars
Authors: Mackey J. , Langer N. , Mohamed S. , Gvaramadze V. V. , Neilson H. R. , Meyer D. M.-A.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. We discuss two important effects for the astrospheres of runaway stars: the propagation of ionizing photons far beyond the astropause, and the rapid evolution of massive stars (and their winds) near the end of their lives. Hot stars emit ionizing photons with associated photoheating that has a significant dynamical effect on their surroundings. 3-D simulations show that H ii regions around runaway O stars drive expanding conical shells and leave underdense wakes in the medium they pass through. For late O stars this feedback to the interstellar medium is more important than that from stellar winds. Late in life, O stars evolve to cool red supergiants more rapidly than their environment can react, producing transient circumstellar structures such as double bow shocks. This provides an explanation for the bow shock and linear bar-shaped structure observed around Betelgeuse.
Temperature sensitivity of organic-matter decay in tidal marshes
Authors: Kirwan M. L. , Guntenspergen G. R. , Langley J. A.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. Approximately half of marine carbon sequestration takes place in coastal wetlands, including tidal marshes, where organic matter contributes to soil elevation and ecosystem persistence in the face of sea-level rise. The long-term viability of marshes and their carbon pools depends, in part, on how the balance between productivity and decay responds to climate change. Here, we report the sensitivity of labile soil organic-matter decay in tidal marshes to seasonal and latitudinal variations in temperature measured over a 3-year period. We find a moderate increase in decay rate at warmer temperatures (3–6% per °C, Q10 = 1.3–1.5). Despite the profound differences between microbial metabolism in wetlands and uplands, our results indicate a strong conservation of temperature sensitivity. Moreover, simple comparisons with organic-matter production suggest that elevated atmospheric CO2 and warmer temperatures will accelerate carbon accumulation in marsh soils, and potentially enhance their ability to survive sea-level rise.
Comparing the influence of net and gross anthropogenic land-use and land-cover changes on the carbon cycle in the MPI-ESM
Authors: Wilkenskjeld S. , Kloster S. , Pongratz J. , Raddatz T. , Reick C. H.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. Global vegetation models traditionally treat anthropogenic land-use and land-cover changes (LULCCs) only as the changes in vegetation cover seen from one year to the next (net transitions). This approach ignores subgrid-scale processes such as shifting cultivation which do not affect the net vegetation distribution but which have an impact on the carbon budget. The differences in the carbon stocks feed back on processes like wildfires and desert formation. The simulations for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) all describe LULCCs using the "Land-Use Harmonization Dataset". Though this dataset describes such subgrid-scale processes (gross transitions), some of the CMIP5 models still use the traditional approach. Using JSBACH/CBALANCE – the land carbon component of the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM), this study demonstrates how this potentially leads to a severe underestimation of the carbon emissions from LULCCs Using net transitions lowers the average land-use emissions from 1.44 to 0.90 Pg C yr−1 (38%) during the historical period (1850–2005) – a total lowering by 85 Pg C. The difference between the methods is smaller in the RCP scenarios (2006–2100) but in RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 still cumulates to 30–40 Pg C (on average 0.3–0.4 Pg C yr−1 or 13–25%). In RCP4.5 essentially no difference between the methods is found. Results from models using net transitions are furthermore found to be sensitive to model resolution.
A red tide alga grown under ocean acidification upregulates its tolerance to lower pH by increasing its photophysiological functions
Authors: Chen S. , Beardall J. , Gao K.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. Phaeocystis globosa, a red tide alga, often forms blooms in or adjacent to coastal waters and experiences changes in pH and seawater carbonate chemistry caused by either diel/periodic fluctuation in biological activity, human activity or, in the longer term, ocean acidification due to atmospheric CO2 rise. We examined the photosynthetic physiology of this species while growing it under different pH levels induced by CO2 enrichment and investigated its acclimation to carbonate chemistry changes under different light levels. Short-term exposure to reduced pHnbs (7.70) decreased the alga's photosynthesis and light use efficiency. However, acclimation to the reduced pH level for 1–19 generations led to recovered photosynthetic activity, being equivalent to that of cells grown under pH 8.07 (control), though such acclimation required a different time span (number of generations) under different light regimes. The low-pH-grown cells increased their contents of chlorophyll and carotenoids with prolonged acclimation to the acidification, with increased photosynthetic quantum yield and decreased non-photochemical quenching. The specific growth rate of the low-pH-grown cells also increased to emulate that grown under the ambient pH level. This study clearly shows that \\textit{Phaeocystis globosa} is able to acclimate to seawater acidification by increasing its energy capture and decreasing its non-photochemical energy loss.
The 129-iodine content of subtropical Pacific waters: impact of Fukushima and other anthropogenic 129-iodine sources
Authors: Guilderson T. P. , Tumey S. J. , Brown T. A. , Buesseler K. O.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. Results obtained from a dedicated radiochemistry cruise approximately 100 days after the 11 March 2011 Tohoku earthquake and subsequent disaster at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant show that Fukushima derived radionuclides in the nearby ocean environment had penetrated, on average, to ≤250 m depth (1026.5 kg m3 potential density surface). The excess inventory of Fukushima-derived 129I in the region (∼150 000 km2) sampled during the cruise is estimated to have been between 0.89 and 1.173 billion Bq (∼136 to ∼179 grams) of 129I. Based on a tight tracer–tracer relation with 134Cs (or 137Cs) and estimates that most of the excess cesium is due to direct discharge, we infer that much of the excess 129I is from direct (non-atmospheric deposition) discharge. After taking into account oceanic transport, we estimate the direct discharge, i.e., that directly released into the ocean, off Fukushima to have been ∼1 kg 129I. Although this small pulse is dwarfed by the ~90 kg of weapons-testing-derived 129I that was released into the environment in the late 1950s and early 1960s, it should be possible to use Fukushima-derived 129I and other radionuclides (e.g., 134, 137Cs) to study transport and entrainment processes along and across the Kuroshio Current.
Impact of river discharge, upwelling and vertical mixing on the nutrient loading and productivity of the Canadian Beaufort Shelf
Authors: Tremblay J.-É. , Raimbault P. , Garcia N. , Lansard B. , Babin M. , Gagnon J.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. The concentrations and elemental stoichiometry of particulate and dissolved pools of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and silicon (Si) on the Canadian Beaufort Shelf during summer 2009 (MALINA program) were assessed and compared with those of surface waters provided by the Mackenzie river as well as by winter mixing and upwelling of upper halocline waters at the shelf break. Neritic surface waters showed a clear enrichment in dissolved and particulate organic carbon (DOC and POC, respectively), nitrate, total particulate nitrogen (TPN) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) originating from the river. Silicate as well as bulk DON and DOC declined in a near-conservative manner away from the delta's outlet, whereas nitrate dropped non-conservatively to very low background concentrations inside the brackish zone. By contrast, the excess of soluble reactive P (SRP) present in oceanic waters declined in a non-conservative manner toward the river outlet, where concentrations were very low and consistent with P shortage in the Mackenzie River. These opposite gradients imply that the admixture of Pacific-derived, SRP-rich water is necessary to allow phytoplankton to use river-derived nitrate and to a lesser extent DON. A coarse budget based on concurrent estimates of primary production shows that river N deliveries support a modest fraction of primary production when considering the entire shelf, due to the ability of phytoplankton to thrive in the subsurface chlorophyll maximum beneath the thin, nitrate-depleted river plume. Away from shallow coastal bays, local elevations in the concentration of primary production and dissolved organic constituents were consistent with upwelling at the shelf break. By contrast with shallow winter mixing, nutrient deliveries by North American rivers and upwelling relax surface communities from N limitation and permit a more extant utilization of the excess SRP entering through the Bering Strait. In this context, increased nitrogen supply by rivers and upwelling potentially alters the vertical distribution of the excess P exported into the North Atlantic.
Optimizing sample pretreatment for compound-specific stable carbon isotopic analysis of amino sugars in marine sediment
Authors: Zhu R. , Lin Y.-S. , Lipp J. S. , Meador T. B. , Hinrichs K.-U.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. Amino sugars are quantitatively significant constituents of soil and marine sediment, but their sources and turnover in environmental samples remain poorly understood. The stable carbon isotopic composition of amino sugars can provide information on the lifestyles of their source organisms and can be monitored during incubations with labeled substrates to estimate the turnover rates of microbial populations. However, until now, such investigation has been carried out only with soil samples, partly because of the much lower abundance of amino sugars in marine environments. We therefore optimized a procedure for compound-specific isotopic analysis of amino sugars in marine sediment, employing gas chromatography–isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The whole procedure consisted of hydrolysis, neutralization, enrichment, and derivatization of amino sugars. Except for the derivatization step, the protocol introduced negligible isotopic fractionation, and the minimum requirement of amino sugar for isotopic analysis was 20 ng, i.e., equivalent to ~8 ng of amino sugar carbon. Compound-specific stable carbon isotopic analysis of amino sugars obtained from marine sediment extracts indicated that glucosamine and galactosamine were mainly derived from organic detritus, whereas muramic acid showed isotopic imprints from indigenous bacterial activities. The δ13C analysis of amino sugars provides a valuable addition to the biomarker-based characterization of microbial metabolism in the deep marine biosphere, which so far has been lipid oriented and biased towards the detection of archaeal signals.
Glacier topography and elevation changes from Pléiades very high resolution stereo images
Authors: Berthier E. , Vincent C. , Magnússon E. , Gunnlaugsson Á. Þ. , Pitte P. , Le Meur E. , Masiokas M. , Ruiz L. , Pálsson F. , Belart J. M. C. , Wagnon P.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. In response to climate change, most glaciers are losing mass and hence contribute to sea-level rise. Repeated and accurate mapping of their surface topography is required to estimate their mass balance and to extrapolate/calibrate sparse field glaciological measurements. In this study we evaluate the potential of Pléiades sub-meter stereo imagery to derive digital elevation models (DEMs) of glaciers and their elevation changes. Our five validation sites are located in Iceland, the European Alps, the Central Andes, Nepal and Antarctica. For all sites, nearly simultaneous field measurements were collected to evaluate the Pléiades DEMs. For Iceland, the Pléiades DEM is also compared to a Lidar DEM. The vertical biases of the Pléiades DEMs are less than 1 m if ground control points (GCPs) are used, but reach up to 6 m without GCPs. Even without GCPs, vertical biases can be reduced to a few decimetres by horizontal and vertical co-registration of the DEMs to reference altimetric data on ice-free terrain. Around these biases, the vertical precision of the Pléiades DEMs is ±1 m and even ±0.5 m on the flat glacier tongues (1-sigma confidence level). We also demonstrate the high potential of Pléiades DEMs for measuring seasonal, annual and multi-annual elevation changes with an accuracy of 1 m or better. The negative glacier-wide mass balances of the Argentière Glacier and Mer de Glace (−1.21 ± 0.16 and −1.19 ± 0.16 m.w.e. yr−1, respectively) are revealed by differencing SPOT5 and Pléiades DEMs acquired in August 2003 and 2012 demonstrating the continuing rapid glacial wastage in the Mont-Blanc area.
New spaces and Continuity via ˆΩ-closed sets
Authors: Thivagar M. Lellis , Anbuchelvi M.
Published: September 2014

In this paper we introduce new spaces like ˆΩ Tδ and ωTˆΩ . It turns out that the space δωTδ coincide with semi−T1 and in ωTˆΩ -space every closed set is ˆΩ -closed set and in semi − T12 every ˆΩ -closed set is closed in a topological space.Also we introduce some kinds of generalized continuity such as ˆΩ -continuity, ˆΩ -irresolute,weakly ˆΩ -continuity and ˆΩ -open mappings.
Existence of solutions for a fourth order problem at resonance
Authors: Hssini EL Miloud , Massar Mohammed , Talbi Mohamed , Tsouli Najib
Published: September 2014

In this work, we are interested at the existence of nontrivial solutions of two fourth order problems governed by the weighted p-biharmonic  operator. The first is the following$$\Delta(\rho|\Delta u|^{p-2}\Delta u)=\lambda_1 m(x)|u|^{p-2}u+f(x,u)-h \mbox{ in }\Omega,\,\, u=\Delta u=0 \mbox{ on }\partial\Omega,$$where $\lambda_1$ is the first eigenvalue for the eigenvalue problem$ \Delta(\rho|\Delta u|^{p-2}\Delta u)=\lambda m(x) |u|^{p-2}u\mbox{in }\Omega, \,\, u=\Delta u=0 \mbox{ on } \partial\Omega.$ \\In the seconde problem, we replace  $\lambda_1$ by $\lambda$ suchthat $\lambda_1<\lambda<\bar{\lambda}$, where $\bar{\lambda}$ is given bellow.
Asymptotic modeling of thin plastic oscillating layer
Authors: Abdlaziz Ait Moussa , Abdelkader Mohamed Verid
Published: September 2014

In this paper we study the asymptotic behavior of solutions to a elasticity problem, of a containing structure a plastic thin oscillating layer of thickness and rigidity depending of small parameters $\varepsilon$. We use the epi-convergence method to find the limit problems with interface conditions.
Biharmonic constant Π₁-slope curves according to type-2 bishop frame in Heisenberg group Heis³
Authors: Körpinar Talat , Turhan Essin
Published: September 2014

In this paper, we introduce constant Π₁- slope curves according to type-2 Bishop frame in the Heisenberg group Heis³. We characterize the biharmonic constant Π₁- slope curves in terms of their Bishop curvatures. Finally, we find out their explicit parametric equations in the Heisenberg group Heis³. Additionally, we illustrate our main theorem.
Approximation for inextensible flows of curves in E³
Authors: Körpınar Talat , Turhan Essin
Published: September 2014

In this paper, we construct a new method for inextensible flows of curves in E³. Using the Frenet frame of the given curve, we present partial differential equations. We give some characterizations for curvatures of a curve in E³.
Neumann problem in divergence form modeled on the p(x)-Laplace equation
Authors: El Amrouss Abdelrachid , Moradi Fouzia , Ourraoui Anass
Published: September 2014

We consider a Neumann problem in divergence form with variable growth, modeled on the p(x)-Laplace equation. we establish the existence of two weak solutions under appropriate hypotheses.
Stokes problem with the possibility of controlling the velocity in a L-shaped domain
Authors: Chakrone Omar , Diyer Okacha , Sbibih Driss
Published: September 2014

The movement is studied from a viscous andincompressible homogeneous fluid which crosses a field of thechannel in the form of L, with the possibility to exert pressure ofknown difference between two opposite edges. We extend previous workin \cite{AB} which studies a problem of Stokes in the stationarycase and with one parameter that characterizes the pressuredifference between two sides in a specific domain (symmetricchannel). We show existence, unicity and regularity of the solutionof an evolution problem with four parameters that characterize thepressure difference between two opposite sides of our field.
Integrating Fuzzy AHP and Fuzzy ARAS for evaluating financial performance
Authors: Safaei Ghadikolaei Abdolhamid , Khalili Esbouei Saber
Published: September 2014

Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) is an advanced field of Operation Research; recently MCDM methods are efficient and common tools for performance evaluation in many areas such as finance and economy. The aim of this study is to show one of applications of mathematics in real word. This study with considering value based measures and accounting based measures simultaneously, provided a hybrid approach of MCDM methods in fuzzy environment for financial performance evaluation of automotive and parts manufacturing industry of Tehran stock exchange (TSE).for this purpose Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) is applied to determine the relative important of each criterion, then The companies are ranked according their financial performance by using fuzzy additive ratio assessment (Fuzzy ARAS) method. The finding of this study showed effective of this approach in evaluating financial performance.
The almost lacunary $\chi^{2}$ sequence spaces defined by modulus
Authors: Subramanian N.
Published: September 2014

In this paper we introduce a new concept for almost lacunary $\chi^{2}$ sequence spaces strong $P-$ convergent to zero with respect to an modulus function and examine some properties of the resulting sequence spaces. We also introduce and study statistical convergence of almost lacunary $\chi^{2}$ sequence spaces and also some inclusion theorems are discussed.
Aspectos biológicos da Cylindrotaenia americana Jewell, 1916 (Cyclophyllidea: Nematotaeniidae) em Bufo ictericus Spix, 1824
Authors: Stumpf Ilona Vivian Kleemann
Published: September 2014

Aspectos biológicos da Cylindrotaenia americana Jewell, 1916 (Cyclophyllidea: Nematotaeniidae) em Bufo ictericus Spix, 1824
Desaparecimento da Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818) de Curitiba, Paraná
Authors: Luz Ennio , Stumpf Ilona Vivian Kleemann , Borba Antonio Mario
Published: September 2014

Desaparecimento da Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818) de Curitiba, Paraná
Helmintos em Leptodactylus ocellatus (L. 1758)
Authors: Stumpf Ilona Vivian Kleemann
Published: September 2014

Helmintos em Leptodactylus ocellatus (L. 1758)
Tratamento da himenolepíase nana em escolares de Curitiba, Estado do Paraná, Brasil, com clorosalicilamida (Atenase - Usafarma)
Authors: Estrázulas João Carlos , Lozovei Ana Leuch
Published: September 2014

Tratamento da himenolepíase nana em escolares de Curitiba, Estado do Paraná, Brasil, com clorosalicilamida (Atenase - Usafarma)
Sorotipos de Salmonella isolados em matadouros-frigoríficos IV - Presença em águas residuais de estabelecimento especializado no abate de eqüinos
Authors: Oliveira Evaldo Benedito de , Filho Astolpho Macedo de Souza , Mikoszewska Irene , Viana João Xavier , Souza Walmir Kowaleswski de
Published: September 2014

Sorotipos de Salmonella isolados em matadouros-frigoríficos IV - Presença em águas residuais de estabelecimento especializado no abate de eqüinos
Modificações histológicas e histoquímicas do corpo gorduroso de rainhas de Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) durante o primeiro ciclo reprodutivo
Authors: Cunha Maria A. Staurengo da , Landim Carminda da Cruz
Published: September 2014

Modificações histológicas e histoquímicas do corpo gorduroso de rainhas de Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) durante o primeiro ciclo reprodutivo
Efeitos da hidroxicobalamina sobre a DL50 de cianeto em camudongos
Authors: Scheffer João Gualberto , Cersósimo Francisco
Published: September 2014

Efeitos da hidroxicobalamina sobre a DL50 de cianeto em camudongos
Carpologia de Couroupita guianensis Aublet (Lecythidaceae) II - Anatomia
Authors: Schoenberg Maria Miranda
Published: September 2014

Carpologia de Couroupita guianensis Aublet (Lecythidaceae) II - Anatomia
Grau de infestação parasitária em Gallus gallus domesticus (L.).
Authors: Viero Maria Helena
Published: September 2014

Grau de infestação parasitária em Gallus gallus domesticus (L.).
Ocorrência da Tunga penetrans (L., 1758) - (Suctoria - Tungidae) no município de Curitiba - Estado do Paraná - Brasil
Authors: Vernalha M. M. , Gabardo J. C. , Silva R. P. da , Jr. S. Macedo
Published: September 2014

Ocorrência da Tunga penetrans (L., 1758) - (Suctoria - Tungidae) no município de Curitiba - Estado do Paraná - Brasil
Hypertelorism-hypospadias Syndrome (Opitz Syndrome)
Authors: Marçallo Francisco Antônio , Pilotto Rui Fernando , Petrelli N. Eros
Published: September 2014

Hypertelorism-hypospadias Syndrome (Opitz Syndrome)
Estudo do metabolismo oxidativo de homogenados de hepatopâncreas de Ucides cordatus (L., 1763) usando-se a água do mar como meio
Authors: Damiani Carlos Estevam Nolf
Published: September 2014

Estudo do metabolismo oxidativo de homogenados de hepatopâncreas de Ucides cordatus (L., 1763) usando-se a água do mar como meio
Taxonomia numérica de 17 espécies do gênero Psyllobora Chevrolat, 1837 (Coleoptera-Coccinellidae)
Authors: Almeida Lúcia Massutti de
Published: September 2014

Taxonomia numérica de 17 espécies do gênero Psyllobora Chevrolat, 1837 (Coleoptera-Coccinellidae)
Um novo mecanismo de espermobolia exemplificado em Oxalis paludosa St. Hill.
Authors: Schoenberg Maria Miranda
Published: September 2014

Um novo mecanismo de espermobolia exemplificado em Oxalis paludosa St. Hill.
Biologia e estágios imaturos de Copaxa joinvillea Schaus. (Lepidoptera - Saturniidae - Saturniinae)
Authors: Casagrande Mirna M. , Mielke Olaf H. H.
Published: September 2014

Biologia e estágios imaturos de Copaxa joinvillea Schaus. (Lepidoptera - Saturniidae - Saturniinae)
Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock, 1881) (Homoptera, Diaspididae) - O "Piolho de São José"
Authors: Vernalha M. M. , Silva R. P. , Gabardo J. C. , Novacki M. J.
Published: September 2014

Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock, 1881) (Homoptera, Diaspididae) - O "Piolho de São José"
Aspectos morfológicos da aplicação de reguladores do cresimento nas estacas de llex paraguariensis St. Hilaire
Authors: Iritani Cecília , Soares Ronaldo V. , Gomes Aracely V.
Published: September 2014

Aspectos morfológicos da aplicação de reguladores do cresimento nas estacas de llex paraguariensis St. Hilaire
Larva de Ateuchus apicatus Harold, 1867 e de Ateuchus mutilatus Harold, 1867, Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae
Authors: Stumpf Ilona Vivian Kleemann , Luz Ennio , Tonin Valdir Roberto
Published: September 2014

Larva de Ateuchus apicatus Harold, 1867 e de Ateuchus mutilatus Harold, 1867, Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae
Hospedeiros intermediários de Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus (Pallas, 1781) (Acanthocephala) em Mandirituba, Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Stumpf Ilona Vivian Kleemann
Published: September 2014

Hospedeiros intermediários de Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus (Pallas, 1781) (Acanthocephala) em Mandirituba, Paraná, Brasil
Biologia de Ateuchus mutilatus Harold, 1867
Authors: Stumpf Ilona Vivian Kleemann , Luz Ennio , Tonin Valdir Roberto
Published: September 2014

Biologia de Ateuchus mutilatus Harold, 1867
Escarabeídeos de Mandirituba, Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Stumpf Ilona Vivian Kleemann
Published: September 2014

Escarabeídeos de Mandirituba, Paraná, Brasil
Contribuição ao conhecimento da biologia de Rothschildia hesperus betis (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae)
Authors: Oliveira Bernadete D. Lucas de , Urban Danúncia
Published: September 2014

Contribuição ao conhecimento da biologia de Rothschildia hesperus betis (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae)
Ocorrência das diatomáceas Attheya zachariasi e Surirella stalagma no lago do parque São Lourenço, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
Authors: Shirata Madalena Tomi , Valente-Moreira Ita Moema
Published: September 2014

Ocorrência das diatomáceas Attheya zachariasi e Surirella stalagma no lago do parque São Lourenço, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
Contribuição para o conhecimento do gênero Ptiloglossa (Hymenoptera, Colletidae)
Authors: Moure Jesús Santiago
Published: September 2014

Contribuição para o conhecimento do gênero Ptiloglossa (Hymenoptera, Colletidae)
Descrição de duas novas espécies de Exitianus ball (Homoptera, Cicadellidae)
Authors: Zanol Keti Maria Rocha
Published: September 2014

Descrição de duas novas espécies de Exitianus ball (Homoptera, Cicadellidae)
Citogenética e raça: um estudo em índios Kaingáng do Paraná
Authors: Junior Euclides Fontoura da Silva , Cavalli Iglenir João , Sbalqueiro Ives José , Ribeiro Lúcia Regina , Maia Neria Amorim , Muniz Elza Costa Netto
Published: September 2014

Citogenética e raça: um estudo em índios Kaingáng do Paraná
Trigona spinipes (Apidae, Meliponinae): Taxonomia, bionomia e relações tróficas em áreas restritas
Authors: Almeida Maria Christina de , Laroca Sebastião
Published: September 2014

Trigona spinipes (Apidae, Meliponinae): Taxonomia, bionomia e relações tróficas em áreas restritas
Uma nova espécie de Frieseomemelitta do oeste da Amazônia (Hymenoptera, Apoidea)
Authors: Moure Jesús Santiago
Published: September 2014

Uma nova espécie de Frieseomemelitta do oeste da Amazônia (Hymenoptera, Apoidea)
Diversidade, abundância relativa e fenologia em Sphingidae (Lepidoptera) na Serra do Mar (Quatro Barras, PR) Sul do Brasil
Authors: Laroca Sebastião , Becker Vitor Osmar , Zanella Fernando C. V.
Published: September 2014

Diversidade, abundância relativa e fenologia em Sphingidae (Lepidoptera) na Serra do Mar (Quatro Barras, PR) Sul do Brasil
Identificação do neurônio Retzius no sétimo gânglio da sanguessuga sul americana Semiscolex similis (Annelida, Semiscolecidae)
Authors: Marchioro Murilo , Leu Yee Tsin , Trippia Maria Cecília B. P. , Moraes Mirian Elise Brustolin
Published: September 2014

Identificação do neurônio Retzius no sétimo gânglio da sanguessuga sul americana Semiscolex similis (Annelida, Semiscolecidae)
Bionomia de Hippopsis quinquelineata aur. (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)
Authors: Giacomel Fioravante
Published: September 2014

Bionomia de Hippopsis quinquelineata aur. (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)
Espécies novas de abelhas da região central do Estado de Minas gerais, Brasil (Hymenoptera, Apoidea)
Authors: Moure Jesús Santiago
Published: September 2014

Espécies novas de abelhas da região central do Estado de Minas gerais, Brasil (Hymenoptera, Apoidea)
Infecção experimental de Palembus dermestoides por larvas de Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus
Authors: Stumpf Ilona Vivian Kleemann , Luz Ennio , Tonin Valdir Roberto
Published: September 2014

Infecção experimental de Palembus dermestoides por larvas de Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus
Estudo do coração de Plecostomus commersonii (Pisces): Anatomia e microscopia eletrônica de varredura
Authors: Gonçalves Marilene T. D. , Garcia Pablina C. de Reche , Gremski Waldemiro
Published: September 2014

Estudo do coração de Plecostomus commersonii (Pisces): Anatomia e microscopia eletrônica de varredura
Fator de condição, desenvolvimento sexual e alimentação de Anchoa januaria na região da Ponta da Cruz (Baía de Paranguá, Paraná, Brasil)
Authors: Esper Maria de Lourdes Pereira
Published: September 2014

Fator de condição, desenvolvimento sexual e alimentação de Anchoa januaria na região da Ponta da Cruz (Baía de Paranguá, Paraná, Brasil)
Estudo sobre Passifloraceae I: Ocorrência de Passiflora foetida l. var. Nigelliflora (Hooker) masters e Passiflora warmingii masters no Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Cervi Armando Carlos
Published: September 2014

Estudo sobre Passifloraceae I: Ocorrência de Passiflora foetida l. var. Nigelliflora (Hooker) masters e Passiflora warmingii masters no Paraná, Brasil
Errata
Authors: Laroca Sebastião
Published: September 2014

Errata Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba, 19 (1, 2, 3, 4). 1990.