bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acculturative Stress and School Adjustment of Immigrant Students in Elementary School: The Moderated Mediation Effects of Self-Esteem on Korean Proficiency and Social Support
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Lee Hye-Mi , Kim You-Me
Published: October 2023

Objectives The purposes of this study were to verify whether self-esteem of immigrant students in elementary school moderates the negative indirect relationship between acculturative stress and school adjustment via Korean proficiency and social support (parents, teachers, and friends), respectively.
Methods This study used the data of 138 immigrant students in elementary school from the 2nd data (2020) of the 2nd Multicultural Adolescents Panel Study (MAPS). We analyzed the mediation, moderation, and moderated mediation effects after calculating descriptive statistics and correlation coefficients of focal variables with reliability of instruments using SPSS 23.0 and PROCESS Macro v3.5.
Results The results are as follows: First, the acculturative stress of immigrant students in elementary school had a significant negative effect on school adjustment. Second, their teacher support and friend support negatively mediated the relationship between acculturative stress and school adjustment. Third, their self-esteem moderated the relationship between Korean proficiency and school adjustment and between friend support and school adjustment. Fourth, their self-esteem moderated the mediating effect of Korean proficiency and friend support on the relationship between acculturative stress and school adjustment.
Conclusions When supporting school adaptation of immigrant students in elementary school, activities that reduce accultural stress, leverage friend support, and promote self-esteem should be included.
Exploring the relationship between Learned Helplessness and Non-Self-Determined Career Motivation: A focus on the learning situation of pre-service elementary and special education teachers
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Oh Hyerim
Published: October 2023

Objectives The aim of this study is to investigate pre-service elementary and special education teachers’ learned helplessness and its effect on career motivation.
Methods Data were collected from students enrolled in an elementary and special pre-service teacher education program at a rural university in the K area of the Republic of Korea. Participants completed a self-reported questionnaire including scales assessing learned helplessness in daily life (“helplessness”), learned helplessness in academic situations (“academic helplessness”), and career motivation based on self-determination theory. Data from 62 participants were analyzed using descriptive analysis, correlational analysis, multiple regression analyses, and the Kruskal-Wallis H test.
Results Descriptive analyses revealed the absence of learned helplessness (helplessness, academic helplessness) among participants. Levels of amotivation were low, while autonomous motivation, including identified regulation and intrinsic regulation, were high. Correlational analyses indicated significant positive correlations between learned helplessness and non-regulation, external regulation, and introjected regulation, respectively. Regression analysis and the Kruskal-Wallis H test indicated that academic helplessness was the significant predictor of non-regulation and external regulation.
Conclusions These findings suggest that negative responses to academic failures could result in a lack of initiation or persistence in career goal-directed behaviors, or in avoiding the adverse outcomes associated with career-related activities. This study provides valuable foundational data for understanding learned helplessness and undetermined career motivation, offering insights for interventions and future research in the field.
A Qualitative Study on the Operation Experiences of Learning Communities in a Small-Scale Daycare Center
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Ahn Jee Hye , Son Jin Suk
Published: October 2023

Objectives The purpose of this study is to explore in-depth the experience of operating a learning community of small-scale daycare center childcare teachers and what kind of meaning the experiences have.
Methods For the purpose, four childcare teachers who are members of a learning community were selected as research participants and the learning community was conducted 19 session in total. As data for this research, collected participation observations, interviews, and records of teachers and analyzed.
Results The essence of the experience revealed through this study is as follows. First, in the series of preparations for the operation of the learning community of ‘flare fired amid emotional ambivalence’, the teachers had the experiences of ‘starting with a vague expectation’, ‘worries behind expectations’, and ‘preparedness to become a community’. Second, in the process of operating the learning community of ‘journey without milestones’, the teachers had the experience of ‘an attempt to share, empathize, and be together’, ‘our own indicators created in chaos’, and ‘a new direction in incompleteness’. Third, iin the process of establishing a learning community of ‘our own organizational culture’, the teachers experienced ‘each person becoming a community’ and ‘a perennial problem: time burden’. In addition, the meaning of the experience of operating a learning community was found to be ‘confirming the value of communication even with a small number of people’, ‘transitioning to open thinking’, ‘awakening self-realization within me’ and ‘growing together with colleague teachers’.
Conclusions Through the experience of operating a learning community, this study discovered the essential meaning of teacher growth potential. It suggests the need to operate a learning community as an alternative to improving the professionalism of small-scale daycare center teachers and improving the quality of childcare. It also suggests that the growth demand of teachers enables the operation of a learning community even under limited circumstances.
A Narrative Inquiry on the Parents’ Experience as Member of School Governing Committees in Rural Area
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Park Jin-Eun
Published: October 2023

Objectives The main objective of this study is to conduct qualitative analysis of educational autonomy experiences as ‘parent members of the school governing committee’ in a small-scale high school located in Gangwon-do. Furthermore, the purpose is to discuss an issue of expertise of parent members of small-scale schools in rural areas which was pointed out at the induction of school governing committee.
Methods Narrative analysis, one method of qualitative analysis, excels in improving the understanding of a certain experience through the process of narrating one’s own experience and also in adding true voice of the narrator. This study selected two participants with ample experience as parent members of school governing committee and conducted in-depth interview for narrative analysis.
Results In many cases, parent committee members who participated in this study tended to concurrently hold additional positions as the board members of the parent committee and their children were either board members of the student council committee or active participants of school activities. Children were the strongest driving force for their parents to participate in school governing committees. However, because of low number of voluntary participation as parent members, they had been ‘elected without voting process’ and it was often the case for them to serve consecutive terms. The participants found their participation fruitful when carrying out agendas related to actual ‘benefits’ for students (school uniforms, school meals, and issues related to college admission of students). The school governing committee was more like an arena of ‘acceptance’ and ‘agreement’ rather than that of competition.
Conclusions The study showed that the parent members of school governing committees in small-scaled schools did not lag behind in their understanding of and expertise in educational autonomy. It is necessary for parents and members of school governing committees for schools with strong regional characteristics or those small in size to actively participate in operating the school.
Designing an online discussion and debate class model for Korean languege learners for academic purposes
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Lee Daehyun
Published: October 2023

Objectives This study is to propose an online discussion and debate teaching learning models for academic purposes. To this end, review models used in existing discussions and debates that are used in existing discussions and debates suitable for learners in digital era and discussion classes suitable for learners.
Methods In this study, the preceding studies on teaching learning about teaching learning, discussions on teaching learning, discuss what area using discussions and debates, discuss what areas such as learning, discussion and debate.
Results The existing academic purpose discussion class model analyze the validity and suitable model, analyze what suitable model can be used in online, and establish a prerequisite for application.
Conclusions In this study, it was designated based on online discussion and debate, based on online discussion and soil based on the proposed model based on the proposed model. Next, I would like to propose a class model can be used among real-time and discussion areas.
Exploration of Pre-Service Early Childhood Teachers’ Learning through Kindergarten Field Practice Experiences
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Park Hee-Sook
Published: October 2023

Objectives The purpose of this study is to explore how pre-service early childhood teachers' learning through kindergarten field practice experiences is to prepare the basis for semester system practice.
Methods This study was carried out using a qualitative research method, and the research participants were 24 pre-service early childhood teachers in the 3rd year of the Department of Early Childhood Education at K University. The research data were collected observation records and reflection papers written by pre-service early childhood teachers during the kindergarten field practice. Data analysis was qualitatively open-coded, coded as keywords according to classification criteria, and categorized into similar contents.
Results As a result of the study, the experience through field practice was, first, an understanding of the early childhood curriculum, an experience of integrated education linked to the Nuri curriculum, a change in the perspective of looking at play, and learning how to record one's own observations. Second, the understanding of the learner understands the age and developmental characteristics of young children, the characteristics of children's play, and the characteristics of cooperation and consideration between peers. Third, as a teacher's role experience, I realized that the environment for child-centered play, activity planning linked to play context, and interactive support for young children.
Conclusions The direction of field-linked semester practice for pre-service early childhood teachers was sought and the establishment of a cooperative system was discussed.
The relationship between first trimester systemic inflammatory markers and elevated uterine artery pulsatility index
Authors: UYGUR Lutfiye
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Preeclampsia is a serious complication of pregnancy leading to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The etiopathogenesis still remains unsolved, however, various theories currently become well-proved. The leading etiopathogenetic mechanisms are impaired placentation, and placental hypoxia, immune mechanisms, systemic inflammatory reaction, endothelial damage and maternal cardiovascular maladaptation. These mechanisms overlap and induce each other. There are some preventive interventions only if the patients at high-risk are identified timely. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the inflammatory pathway and placental insufficiency in the first trimester, utilizing the clinical markers of both. It also aims to find out a cheap and easy test to identify those who absolutely need to undergo a comprehensive risk assessment.
Methods: This retrospective observational study included 28 patients with high uterine artery resistance (pulsatility index >90th centile) in the first trimester as study group and 67 patients with normal uterine artery resistance in the first trimester as control group. The two groups were compared in terms of risk factors for preeclampsia. Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and platelet/lymphocyte ratio as systemic inflammatory markers were compared between the groups. ROC analysis was performed to obtain a cut-off value for predicting high uterine artery pulsatility index.
Results: Demographic data, anamnestic and examination risk factors for preeclampsia did not differ between the groups. However, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and platelet/lymphocyte ratio were significantly higher in the patients with uterine artery pulsatility index above 90th centile. A cut off value of 3.58 and 136.9 of Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and platelet/lymphocyte ratio, respectively were determined for predicting first trimester uterine artery pulsatility index above 90th centile.
Conclusions: Neutrophil/lymphocyte and platelet/lymphocyte ratio can simply be used to identify the patients who need referral for uterine artery doppler assessment.
Keywords: preeclampsia, uterine artery, pulsatil flow, neutrophil, lymphocyte, placenta
responsabilidad de la ciudadanía en el buen desempeño de la administración pública: el caso de la Defensoría de los Habitantes de Costa Rica
Authors: Hernández-Castro Gustavo
Published: October 2023

Este ensayo realiza una crítica respecto de la responsabilidad que tiene la ciudadanía costarricense con el actuar omiso de la Defensoría de los Habitantes. La Ley de creación de ese órgano (Ley 7319) permite al habitante afectado por un accionar negligente u omiso, denunciar al jerarca por incumplimiento de deberes, ya sea ante la Asamblea Legislativa o los órganos jurisdiccionales competentes, por esta razón el Legislador no previó inmunidad alguna para la persona que ostenta el cargo de Defensor de los Habitantes cuando emitió la ley de creación. Se utilizó el método hermenéutico para analizar e interpretar los textos, y construir un diálogo constructivo y permanente.
Conductas De Estudio En Universitarios De Primer Semestre En Licenciatura En Ciencias Naturales En Pandemia Y Postpandemia Por El Covid 19
Authors: Toloza Martínez Claudia Elizabeth , Jaimes Márquez Maritza Carolina , Ayala Andrade Yurany
Published: October 2023

Los resultados de la investigación se enmarcan en el estudio global que GCIE y GITS realizan en busca caracterizar las conductas de estudio de estudiantes universitarios. Se presenta los hallazgos de estudiantes de primer semestre de Licenciatura en Educación en Ciencias Naturales de la UFPS, sobre sus prácticas de estudio en pandemia por Covid 19, cuando su educación se desarrolló a nivel no presencial y en postpandemia, cuando ya fue presencial en la universidad. El estudio inicia rechazando la creencia de que los estudiantes de educación superior llegan con hábitos de estudio ya formados y reconociendo que los estudiantes se enfrentan a nuevas exigencias en el estudio a nivel universitario. La investigación al caracterizar las conductas de estudio buscó reconocer los elementos que constituyen en los estudiantes sus propios métodos o técnicas de estudio. Se abordó desde un enfoque cuantitativo con diseño descriptivo. Los estudiantes participantes correspondieron al 80% de los matriculados en el primer semestre, se aplicó un cuestionario de preguntas abiertas para obtener mayor información sobre su conducta de estudio, se usaron estadísticos descriptivos para su análisis, después de establecer categorías en las respuestas:1) Prácticas de estudio 2) Condiciones ambientales de estudio y 3) Materiales y estrategias para estudiar. Los resultados sobre la conducta de estudio en pandemia se centraron en el desarrollo de actividades de cumplimiento de tareas asignadas en la elaboración de talleres o guías. En postpandemia se evidenciaron algunas prácticas o conductas de estudio que no se enmarcan en el concepto de hábito, más centradas en leer apuntes, ver videos, consultar en internet y cumplir los compromisos académicos. Se concluye que es necesario que los universitarios aprendan a estudiar, a desarrollar hábitos de estudio para enfrentar procesar y trasformar el conocimiento para su aprendizaje, lo que implican un reto más para el docente.
Los consejos territoriales de planeación y la gobernabilidad democrática en Norte de Santander
Authors: Espinel Rubio Gladys Adriana , Toloza Martínez Claudia Elizabeth , Ayala Andrade Yurany
Published: October 2023

Este artículo explora a los consejos territoriales de planeación (CTP) como espacios de planeación participativa que permiten la gobernabilidad democrática en los contextos municipales de Norte de Santander, Colombia. Se presentan los resultados de una investigación que permitió relacionar, además, a los CTP con la generación de entornos favorables a la paz. Los hallazgos señalan que, aunque éstos existen y poseen todo un andamiaje constitucional y legal para su funcionamiento, en la práctica hay dificultades para que la ciudadanía asuma el rol de seguimiento y control a los planes municipales de desarrollo. Por lo tanto, aunque son una propuesta excepcional para la planeación territorial participativa en el marco de una democracia participativa, se requieren acciones mayores para el alcance de sus objetivos.
Extractivismo y neoextractivismo en estrategias de desarrollo
Authors: Isern Castells Gemma
Published: October 2023

National development strategies undoubtedly affect the socioeconomic reality of the state. In this study we have analyzed extractivism (extraction and export of raw materials) in its modalities, classical extractivism and neo-extractivism, as strategies followed by Chile and Bolivia respectively. To carry out the analysis, macroeconomic data from both states have been compared in order to understand how extractivism works and its socio-economic consequences. All framed in the context of the debate on how the states of the global south can overcome underdevelopment.
La pandemia de COVID-19 en Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Rubio Rico Jorge Iván
Published: October 2023

El impacto de la pandemia del COVID-19 en América Latina ha generado un aumento significativo de la pobreza extrema y la desigualdad, lo que conlleva a retrocesos en la lucha contra la pobreza y más obstáculos para alcanzar los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS). Al respecto, la ciudad de Bogotá implementó programas de apoyo para la reactivación económica y la protección social, pero el carácter limitado de los recursos plantea desafíos con respecto al fortalecimiento de los derechos laborales, la inclusión social y la sostenibilidad ambiental para una recuperación viable. El aumento histórico de la pobreza en Bogotá —como en otras ciudades de Latinoamérica— relacionado con un impacto devastador en el mercado laboral, sumado a la falta de acceso a servicios básicos como salud, vivienda y servicios públicos, ha generado problemas estructurales y desigualdades que dificultan el logro de los ODS. En respuesta, el gobierno de Bogotá ha implementado programas como Renta Solidaria y Mi Ahorro, Mi Hogar, con el propósito de reducir la pobreza y promover la igualdad de género, en concordancia con los ODS. Sin embargo, los problemas con el establecimiento de servicios de salud y el alcance de su distribución continúan. Al respecto, los informes voluntarios locales y los proporcionados por el gobierno de la capital son importantes para evaluar el progreso hacia los ODS. Asimismo, es necesario identificar los desafíos y ajustar las estrategias para alcanzar resultados más efectivos que permitan un mayor avance en la innovación pública. Al difundir los informes voluntarios de avances en los ODS, se promueve la transparencia y la colaboración entre ciudades. Allí, el análisis de cada contexto debe considerar sus desafíos y fortalezas, con el propósito de restaurar y superar las condiciones sociales, económicas y de desarrollo humano que se implementaban antes de la pandemia.
Repensando la respuesta humanitaria a la crisis del Tapón del Darién en el marco de los ODS
Authors: Porras Cantons Aleix Salvador
Published: October 2023

On the land border between Colombia and Panama lies the Darién Gap, a key point in Pan- American migration that has experienced a dramatic increase in the number of migrants who make the decisión to enter the jungle, known for its dangers, violence and presence of armed groups, in search of a better life. This study analyses humanitarian intervention in the context of the Darién Gap in response to the migration crisis and the applicability of the Humanitarian, Development and Peace nexus (HDP). Through a literature review and qualitative interviews with actors who are part of the humanitarian response, the relevance of the application of the nexus in the context is analyzed, as well as the need for the correct application of the three dimensions of the nexus. The context, characterized by the chronification of the crisis and a high turnover of migrants, responds to both short-term and long-term needs. The findings indicate deficiencies in coordination mechanisms, a negative impact of state neglect on development policies, and the crucial importance of social networks in migration flows. Although the humanitarian approach is essential, the need for development spaces and the implementation of the nexus, preserving humanitarian space and prioritizing compliance with humanitarian principles, is evident.
Performance sustainability strategy of pension fund managers in the emerging market: A survey opinion perspective
Authors: Afolabi Adeoye Amuda
Published: October 2023

The paper examines the performance sustainability of pension fund managers in a developing country such as Nigeria context using survey questionnaires in the collection of data with descriptive statistics and independent samples t-test in the analysis of the data. The opinion of the respondents to the survey questions provides evidence of the existence of several barriers hindering the performance sustainability strategy of pension fund managers these include: a lack of sufficient skills, inadequate innovation, and a lack of adequate processes, etc. However, the respondents also believed that governance and operation, planning, and management are key indicators that sustain the performance of pension fund managers. The study suggests that pension fund managers should develop skills, processes, and innovative solutions to overcome the performance barrier of pension fund managers.
Major biogeographic events in the Amazon shaped the diversification of Acanthodoras species (Doradidae: Acanthodoradinae): Chromosomal diversification and reconstruction of the ancient diploid number for the thorny catfishes
Authors: Takagui Fabio , Viana Patrik , Haerter Chrystian , Zuanon Jansen , Birindelli José , Lui Roberto , Feldberg Eliana , Margarido Vladimir
Published: October 2023

The fishes of the Doradidae family constitute one of the most diverse
groups of Neotropical freshwater environments. Acanthodoradinae is the
oldest lineage and sister group to all other thorny catfishes, and
includes only the genus Acanthodoras. The diversity of Acanthodoras
remains underestimated, with several putative species yet to be
described, as well as others requiring revalidation. The development of
complementary approaches, including genetic studies, is an essential
step to better characterize the diversity and relationships among the
species within the genus. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive
analysis using conventional cytogenetic techniques and mapping of seven
repetitive DNA sequences in two sympatric species from the Negro River:
Acanthodoras cataphractus and Acanthodoras cf. spinosissimus. The new
set of genetic data generated in our study allowed us to realize the
reconstruction of the ancestral chromosome number (2n) for Doradidae.
The results revealed species-specific patterns that efficiently diagnose
both species. The microstructural divergences are possibly a product
from a complex interaction among chromosome rearrangements and
repetitive DNA dispersal mechanisms, whose origins and fixation rates
directly reflect the geomorphological history of the Amazon basin. The
karyotypic data now available for the Acanthodoradinae subfamily
confirms that the 2n = 58 chromosomes is the plesiomorphic condition of
Doradidae, a crucial step for understanding the chromosome evolution of
thorny catfishes and closely related groups. This study contributes to
the understanding of the mechanisms behind chromosome diversification
and karyotypic evolution of the Doradidae family and highlights the
importance of the Acanthodoradinae subfamily in the evolutionary history
of thorny catfishes.
Europa's influence on the Jovian energetic electron environment as observed by Juno's micro Advanced Stellar Compass
Authors: Herceg Matija , Jorgensen John L , Denver Troelz , Jorgensen Peter S , Benn Mathias , Connerney John E. P. , Fléron René , Bolton Scott J , Mauk Barry H.
Published: October 2023

The micro Advanced Stellar Compass is an attitude reference used for the
MAG investigation onboard Juno. The µASC camera head unit images the
star field with a CCD that is also sensitive to particles with enough
energy to pass through the camera shielding: electrons with energy
> 15 MeV and protons with energy > 80MeV. This
provides the capability to monitor fluxes of high-energy particles in
Jupiter’s magnetosphere, as the Juno has done since orbit insertion.

A survey of energetic electron fluxes sampled during the first 47 Juno
orbits reveals instances of variations observed when Juno is traversing
the M-shell of the Galilean moons. However, Juno’s traversal of the
Europa M-shell often results in distinctly different particle signatures
from that observed of the other moons. We present energetic particle
signatures related to the interaction with Europa and discuss the
implications for Europa as a sink and source for charged particles.
Effectiveness of Integrated Cognitive Activity Program for the Elderly with Mild Dementia : Focusing on Day Care Center Users
Authors:   Korean Academy of Integrated Care Management, Kwon Ohgyeong , Hur Junsoo
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to present social welfare intervention strategies by verifying the effectiveness of Integrated Cognitive Activity Program (ICAP) for improving cognitive function of elderly using elderly day-care centers. Using a pre-postal experimental design, pre-post difference was identified by comparing the elderly participating in the program with a control group not participating in the ICAP. Results showed that the participating group with ICAP implemented had a higher degree of cognitive function improvement than the control group without ICAP implementation. Second, significant improvements were found in orientation, attention, space-time function, execution function, and language function among program sub-factors, but not in memory.
Based on results of this study, the following suggestions can be made. First, more professional and standardized programs should be distributed and activated in the future. Second, professionals specialized in dementia management should be further trained. Third, the government should support the provision of high quality programs.
Does gender and social support matter in the associations between loneliness, resilience, and psychological distress?
Authors: Koğar Hakan , Yılmaz-Koğar Esin
Published: October 2023

In this study, a moderated mediation analysis was conducted to assess whether psychological resilience mediates the association between loneliness and psychological distress and whether this association is moderated by social support or/and gender. So, three different two? and three-way moderated mediation models were tested. The study group of this research consists of 1251 participants from the general population of Turkey. It was determined that loneliness and psychological distress of the group receiving high social support decreased. Resilience shows a partial mediation in the relationship between loneliness and psychological distress. Besides, the relationship between loneliness and resilience is significant. Our study shows that one of the most important variables in reducing psychological distress, regardless of gender, is to reduce loneliness. This study showed that the psychological distress variable, which is one of the most important components in the evaluation of psychological well-being, is directly related to loneliness and resilience variables.
Insulin Pump Utilization in 2017–2021 for More Than 22,000 Children and Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Multicenter Observational Study
Authors: Gandhi Kajal , Ebekozien Osagie , Noor Nudrat , McDonough Ryan J. , Hsieh Susan , Miyazaki Brian , Dei-Tutu Selorm , Golden Lauren , Desimone Marisa , Hardison Holly , Rompicherla Saketh , Akturk Halis K. , Kamboj Manmohan K. ,   T1D Exchange Quality Improvement Collaborative
Published: October 2023

This large type 1 diabetes cohort study showed that insulin pump utilization has increased over time and that use differs by sex, insurance type, and race/ethnicity. Insulin pump use was associated with more optimal A1C, increased use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), and lower rates of diabetic ketoacidosis and severe hypoglycemia. People who used an insulin pump with CGM had lower rates of acute events than their counterparts who used an insulin pump without CGM. These findings highlight the need to improve access of diabetes technology through provider engagement, multidisciplinary approaches, and efforts to address health inequities.
A Randomized Trial of Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery Postpartum in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Donovan Lois E. , Feig Denice S. , Lemieux Patricia , Murphy Helen R. , Bell Rhonda C. , Sigal Ronald J. , Ho Josephine , Virtanen Heidi , Crawford Susan , Yamamoto Jennifer M.
Published: October 2023

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of closed-loop insulin delivery postpartum.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

In this open-label, randomized controlled trial, postpartum individuals with type 1 diabetes were randomized to hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery with the MiniMed 670G/770G system in automode or sensor-augmented pump therapy in the first 12-weeks postpartum followed by a continuation phase with closed-loop insulin delivery for all until 24 weeks postpartum.

RESULTS

Eighteen participants (mean ± SD age 32 ± 3.5 years, diabetes duration 22 ± 7.3 years, and early pregnancy HbA1c 52 ± 6.8 mmol/mol [6.9 ± 0.9%]) completed 24 weeks of postpartum follow-up. In the randomized phase, percent time in range 70–180 mg/dL (3.9–10 mmol/L) did not differ between groups (79.2 ± 8.7% vs. 78.2 ± 6.0%; P = 0.41). Participants randomized to closed-loop insulin delivery spent less time <70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) and <54 mg/dL (3.0 mmol/L) (1.7 ± 0.8% vs. 5.5 ± 3.3% [P < 0.001] and 0.3 ± 0.2% vs. 1.1 ± 0.9% [P = 0.008]). Time >180 mg/dL (10 mmol/L) was not different between groups (18.7 ± 8.8% vs. 15.9 ± 7.7%; P = 0.21). In the continuation phase, those initially randomized to sensor-augmented pump therapy had less time <70 mg/dL after initiation of closed-loop insulin delivery (5.5 ± 3.3% vs. 3.3 ± 2.2%; P = 0.039). The closed-loop group maintained similar glycemic metrics in both study phases. There were no episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis or severe hypoglycemia in the randomized or continuation phase in either group.

CONCLUSIONS

Women randomized to closed-loop insulin delivery postpartum had less hypoglycemia than those randomized to sensor-augmented pump therapy. There were no safety concerns. These findings are reassuring for use of closed-loop insulin delivery postpartum because of its potential to reduce hypoglycemia.
Predictors of ≥15% Weight Reduction and Associated Changes in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors With Tirzepatide in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes in SURPASS 1–4
Authors: Małecki Maciej T. , Batterham Rachel L. , Sattar Naveed , Levine Joshua A. , Rodríguez Ángel , Bergman Brandon K. , Wang Hui , Ghimpeteanu Gabriela , Lee Clare J.
Published: October 2023

OBJECTIVE

To identify predictors of body weight (BW) reduction of ≥15% with tirzepatide treatment and to describe associated clinical parameters of participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who achieved different categorical measures of BW reduction (<5%, ≥5 to <10%, ≥10 to <15%, and ≥15%) across four studies from the phase 3 SURPASS clinical trial program for T2D.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The multivariate model for predictor of a BW reduction of ≥15% included age, sex, race, BW, HbA1c, tirzepatide dose and baseline metformin use, fasting serum glucose, and non-HDL cholesterol. Baseline characteristics and change from baseline to week 40/42 for efficacy parameters were described and analyzed in treatment-adherent participants (≥75% doses administered and on treatment at week 40/42) receiving once weekly tirzepatide (5 mg, 10 mg, or 15 mg) (N = 3,188).

RESULTS

Factors significantly associated with achieving a BW reduction of ≥15% with tirzepatide were higher tirzepatide doses, female sex, White or Asian race, younger age, metformin background therapy, and lower HbA1c, fasting serum glucose, and non-HDL cholesterol at baseline. With higher categorical BW reduction, there were greater reductions in HbA1c, triglycerides, ALT, waist circumference, and blood pressure.

CONCLUSIONS

Baseline factors associated with a higher likelihood of achieving a BW reduction of ≥15% with tirzepatide were higher tirzepatide doses, female sex, White or Asian race, younger age, metformin background therapy, better glycemic status, and lower non-HDL cholesterol. With greater BW reduction, participants with T2D achieved larger improvements in glycemia and cardiometabolic risk parameters. These findings help inform which people with T2D are most likely to achieve greater BW reduction with improved cardiometabolic risk factors with tirzepatide.
Understanding Providers’ Readiness and Attitudes Toward Autoantibody Screening: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Ospelt Emma , Hardison Holly , Rioles Nicole , Noor Nudrat , S. Weinstock Ruth , Cossen Kristina , Mathias Priyanka , Smego Allison , Mathioudakis Nestoras , Ebekozien Osagie , T1D Exchange Quality Improvement Collaborative \\the
Published: October 2023

Screening for autoantibodies associated with type 1 diabetes can identify people most at risk for progressing to clinical type 1 diabetes and can provide an opportunity for early intervention. Drawbacks and barriers to screening exist, and concerns arise, as methods for disease prevention are limited and no cure exists today. The availability of novel treatment options such as teplizumab to delay progression to clinical type 1 diabetes in high-risk individuals has led to the reassessment of screening programs. This study explored awareness, readiness, and attitudes of endocrinology providers toward type 1 diabetes autoantibody screening.
Application of the ABA cladding technique to a wire based laser cladding process
Authors: Budde Laura , Schwarz Nick , Hermsdorf Jörg , Kaierle Stefan , Overmeyer Ludger
Published: October 2023

In this study, the application of the ABA cladding strategy in coaxial wire-based cladding processes is investigated. Individual weld seams (A) are first welded on the substrate and additional weld seams (B) are deposited into the intermediate spaces in the second step. Thereby, two different seam geometries are present in the cladding. Unidirectional AAA and ABA claddings are generated using laser hot-wire cladding and analyzed with respect to the quality criteria height, waviness, degree of dilution, and defects. Three different welding parameter sets are used to consider the effect of the contact angle on the applicability of the ABA cladding strategy. When the same process parameters and seam-to-seam offsets are used for the ABA cladding, as for the AAA cladding, the B weld seams are higher than the A weld seams and an uneven ridged cladding surface is present. Two approaches to solving this problem are considered. The cross-sectional area of the B weld seams is reduced by adjusting the welding speeds or an increase in the seam-to-seam offset. Both measures result in a significant reduction in waviness of 30%–58% compared to the AAA cladding. However, lack of fusion defects occurs more frequently at the deposition regime of the B weld seams. It was, therefore, necessary to adjust the process parameters for weld seam B.
Processability of thin-powdered Inconel X750 and TiC metal matrix composite by laser-directed energy deposition
Authors: de Souza Pinto Pereira Adriano , Gutjahr Jhonattan , Pereira Milton , Tetzlaff Ulrich , Fredel Márcio Celso
Published: October 2023

The processability of pure Inconel X750 and Inconel X750 mixed with 15 vol. % of titanium carbide particulate through laser-directed energy deposition (l-DED) was evaluated. The powders used had a particle size in a range unusual to l-DED processing (0.18–24.05 μm); this case study presents difficulties in processing thin quadri-modal powder and describes possible measures to mitigate them, while also reporting, likely for the first time, on the l-DED processing of Inconel X750 and such related metal matrix composite (MMC). The choice in reinforcement particle size and composition aimed for a reduction in material density and insertion of additional reinforcement mechanisms. Both powders used were analyzed in an FT4 rheometer and compared to reference Inconel 625 powder. l-DED was made viable, but results show that the powders tested here represent a lower limit for the rheological properties accepted by usual l-DED systems. A methodology to quantify the stability of a given processing condition is presented and validated, also indicating that low powder flows are recommended when processing powders of this sort. Inconel X750 demonstrated sensibility to oxidation during processing as depletion of Al and Ti was detected in the deposits. Neither the MMC nor the pure material cracked or showed excessive porosity.
Development and comparison of algorithms for beam stabilization in ultrashort pulsed laser equipped on a six-axis robot
Authors: Yang Yongting , Franz Daniel , Esen Cemal , Hellmann Ralf
Published: October 2023

We demonstrate an innovative beam stabilization concept consisting of complementary metal-oxide semiconductor cameras and piezo actuators for a six-axis articulated ultrashort pulsed laser robot system. The beam stabilization system is fixed on robot axes 4 and 5. Moving robot axis 5 in an angular range between 0° and 90°, the laser beam position coupled to the actual robot position is monitored by two cameras integrated on robot axis 5 and used for laser beam characterization and model generation. A mathematical description and models generated with machine learning methods, namely, linear regression and neural network, are compared for predicting the beam position drift as a function of robot axis motion, where the neural network model shows a low prediction tolerance of about 7 pixels. In addition, a stand-alone time-triggered beam correction algorithm is developed and implemented on the system, which shows an excellent correction performance for large beam position drifts (below 500 pixels).
Smarte kontrakter kan hindre grønnvasking
Authors: Silkoset Ragnhild , Nygaard Arne
Published: October 2023

Produktinformasjon har vært mulig å spore gjennom ulike teknologier i årtier. Bidraget i denne artikkelen er å utvikle forståelsen av hvordan smarte kontrakter gjennom blokkjedeteknologien kan være en informasjonsgarantist i markeder preget av informasjonsasymmetri. Informasjon om bærekraft er et eksempel på et problem knyttet til informasjonsasymmetri. Smarte kontrakter i kombinasjon med blokkjedeteknologien bidrar til at forbrukere kan ta informerte og bærekraftige valg. Dette vil igjen motivere globale og komplekse forsyningskjeder til å bli mer bærekraftige. Artikkelen illustrerer potensialet og bruken av smarte kontrakter gjennom eksempler fra moteindustrien.
Smarte kontrakter kjennetegnes ved at forhåndsbestemte elementer i en transaksjon er automatisert og selvutførende ut fra if–then-koder. Dataene fra transaksjonene lagres i desentraliserte blokkjeder (Silkoset, 2021). Slik automatisk overføring av informasjon og dokumentasjon reduserer menneskelige feil og øker hastigheten på informasjonsoverføringen. I dag er vi midt inne i en ny industriell revolusjon som videreutvikler slike smarte kontrakter i kombinasjon med blokkjedeteknologien, sensorteknologien, maskinlæring, maskinkommunikasjon og automatiseringsteknologi.
Formålet med denne artikkelen er å kartlegge på hvilken måte smarte kontrakter kan bli et viktig redskap i utviklingen av bærekraftige forsyningskjeder og markeder. I artikkelen diskuterer vi hvorfor grønnvasking er en alvorlig trussel mot en bærekraftig utvikling, og hvordan smarte kontrakter kan være et sentralt våpen for å forhindre dette. Smarte kontrakter kan øke sporbarhet, transparens og valideringen av informasjon for både bedrifter og forbrukere (Szabo, 1997). På den måten kan slike kontrakter være et nyttig verktøy for at bedrifter kan dokumentere bærekraftstiltak i produksjons- og leveranseprosesser. Kvaliteten i rapporteringen av bærekraft har blitt mye viktigere enn tidligere. Særlig fordi markedsføringen kan «grønnmales». Bærekraft har blitt en stadig mer integrert del av markedskommunikasjonen i bedriftene. Men denne markedskommunikasjonen må understøttes av valid informasjon som forbrukere og bedrifter kan ha tillit til.
Digitalisering i små og mellomstore reiselivsbedrifter i rurale regioner
Authors: Blekastad Sagheim Kristine
Published: October 2023

I Norge er regional ulikhet en utfordring. En dimensjon ved ulikheten er grad av digitalisering i næringslivet. Litteraturen om regional utvikling og digitalisering beskriver et digitalt skille mellom urbane og rurale regioner. Rurale regioner kjennetegnes av mange små og mellomstore bedrifter (SMB-er), spesielt i reiselivssektoren. Litteraturen viser at kunnskapsdeling er viktig for innovasjon, og ulike former for nærhet kan motvirke eller bidra til deling av kunnskap. Imidlertid vet vi for lite om betydningen av ulike nærhetsdimensjoner i innovasjonsprosesser for SMB-er og hvordan nærhetsdimensjonene utfyller hverandre. Det trengs også mer kunnskap om digitalisering blant SMB-er i rurale regioner. Derfor stiller denne artikkelen følgende spørsmål: Hvilke utfordringer og muligheter opplever små og mellomstore reiselivsbedrifter i rurale regioner ved økt digitalisering sett i lys av nærhetsdimensjoner? Forskningsspørsmålet undersøkes ved å intervjue 17 SMB-er i reiselivssektoren i Innlandet. Analysen viser at digitalisering er utfordrende på grunn av svak bredbåndsdekning og fordi digitalisering er ressurskrevende. Utfordringene knyttes til geografiske avstander og manglende kognitiv nærhet til bedriftene som kan bidra med kompetanse for SMB-ene. Analysen viser at stor sosial nærhet er viktig for SMB-er for å løse utfordringene og realisere mulighetene. Det teoretiske bidraget til litteraturen ligger i dynamikken mellom nærhetsdimensjonene: Fravær av én nærhetsdimensjon kan kompenseres av større nærhet av en annen, noe som indikerer at dimensjonene opptrer i et avhengighetsforhold.
Varsling i frivillig sektor: Hvordan påvirker lederstrukturer evnen til å takle varslingssaker?
Authors: Jensen Larsen Ola Martin , Smith Larsen Kine , Svendsen Mari , Tronstad Moe Helene
Published: October 2023

Frivillig sektor er en sentral del av norsk arbeidsliv, og 63 prosent av den norske befolkningen over 15 år har utført organisert frivillig arbeid. Mange studenter er aktive i frivillig sektor, både i studentorganisasjoner og i andre aktiviteter. Det foreligger imidlertid lite forskning på varsling i denne sektoren, og frivillig sektor er heller ikke omtalt i den statlige utredningen om varsling. Denne artikkelen ser nærmere på hvordan organisering av det øverste personalansvaret i frivillig sektor påvirker sektorens håndtering av varslingssaker. Artikkelen er basert på dybdeintervjuer av åtte verneombud i frivillig sektor. Målet med studien er å vise informantenes fortolkning av hvordan organiseringen av det øverste personalansvaret påvirker håndteringen av varslingssaker. Samspillet mellom tillitsvalgte og ansatte ser ut til å kunne ha betydning for organisasjonens evne til å håndtere varslingssaker. Det dannes særegne lederstrukturer. Våre funn tyder på at frivillige organisasjoner der den valgte toppledelsen delegerer det øverste personalansvaret, og med det også det øverste ansvaret for varslingshåndtering, fortolkes som mer kompetente og uhildede til å behandle varslingssaker på en god måte enn organisasjoner der tillitsvalgte har personalansvar.
Hvordan kan banker vurdere ESG-risikoen i lån til små og mellomstore bedrifter?
Authors: Buen Jørund , Eikseth Mathias Grude , Harper Paul , Rekdal Svein Bertil , Timberlid Kristine Kopperud
Published: October 2023

Hvordan kan banker vurdere ESG-risikoen i lån til små og mellomstore bedrifter (SMB-er) på en måte som både de, bedriftene og Finanstilsynet kan leve med? Lovkrav til vurdering av ESG i lånesaker blir krevende å etterleve både for banken og SMB-kunden. Begge parter mangler erfaring og kompetanse, saksfeltet er i rask regulatorisk utvikling, og stadig nye temaer viser seg å bli finansielt vesentlige og ha innvirkning på låntakers kredittverdighet. ESG-vurderinger føyer seg til en allerede stor dokumentasjons- og vurderingsbyrde for både bank og bedriftskunde. En stor andel av lånene til norske banker er til SMB-er, samtidig er hvert lån i snitt så lite at det ikke forsvarer kostnadene med en detaljert ESG-vurdering. Vi konkluderer derfor med at krav til ESG-vurdering kan medføre ytterligere konsolidering i norsk banksektor, samarbeid på bransjenivå for å utvikle felles retningslinjer, standardisert SMB-innrapportering av forenklede bærekraftsdata til norske myndigheter samt behov for omfattende bruk av digitale verktøy og datafangst i bankers ESG-vurderinger.
Verken avdekkende eller forebyggende: Analyse av revisors rolle i utfall av økonomiske straffesaker
Authors: Varmedal Sofie , Bourmistrov Anatoli , Gilberg Brynjar
Published: October 2023

De siste ti årene har det vært en økning i rapportert omfang av økonomisk kriminalitet. Samtidig, etter at EUs revisjonsdirektiv kom i 2006, har det vært endringer i det norske revisjonsregelverket og hvitvaskingsregelverket som tydeliggjør revisors rolle i å øke tilliten til finansiell rapportering, herunder å forebygge og avdekke økonomisk kriminalitet. Formålet med denne undersøkelsen er å se hvorvidt kravene gjenspeiles i revisors faktiske handlinger, ved å besvare følgende forskningsspørsmål: Hva er revisors rolle i økonomiske straffesaker, og har det endret seg det siste tiåret? Vi besvarer dette ved å analysere 158 dommer avsagt i økonomiske straffesaker i tingretten, lagmannsretten og Høyesterett i perioden 2009 til 2021. Analysen av rettsavgjørelsene viser at revisor i hovedsak innehar to hovedroller i økonomiske straffesaker: Revisor har avlagt revisjonsberetning der det i etterkant er avdekket lovbrudd, eller revisor fungerer som vitne eller sakkyndig. Til tross for at revisjonsregelverket forutsetter at revisor bidrar til å avdekke økonomisk kriminalitet, ser dette sjelden ut til å være tilfellet. Kun i ni av 158 dommer fremgår det at revisor har avdekket den straffbare handlingen. Derimot fremgår det at revisor har hatt en viktig rolle knyttet til bevisføringen i straffesakene – tiltalte blir dømt i 93 prosent av disse tilfellene. Vi analyserer funnene ut fra teori om institusjonell logikk som viser at det er et vedvarende gap mellom revisors lovpålagte profesjonsansvar med å avdekke økonomisk kriminalitet, og revisors faktiske håndtering av dette ansvaret.