bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecologies of Land and Sea and the Rural/Urban Divide in Australia: Sugar vs the Reef? and The Yeomans Project (「オーストラリアにおける土地と海の生態学、地方／都市の分割 ：「サトウ対サンゴ？」と「ヨーマン・プロジェクト」」)
Authors: Fisher Laura , フィッシャー ローラ
Published: August 2017

Australia is a markedly urbanised society, even though many of its most compelling cultural images and narratives are anchored to rural environments and the people and animals that inhabit them. In a country that has always been prone to floods, fires and droughts, there is growing awareness that Australia’s natural resources are under stress due to mining, industrial agriculture, urban development and the effects of climate change. When such issues are debated in the political arena, environmental conservation is regularly pitted against economic advancement in a very crude way, inhibiting cooperation. This essay discusses two art projects that engage meaningfully with the rural/urban divide in Australia: The Yeomans Project and Sugar vs the Reef?. Led by artists Lucas Ihlein, Ian Milliss and Kim Williams, these projects engage in practical and creative ways with rural food production and the individuals responsible for it. Specifically, they investigate innovative farming practices that have great potential to address environmental challenges but are rarely acknowledged in contemporary, city-centric culture. I will argue that by mingling different understandings of aesthetics, utility and ecology, these projects propose productive ways for the disparities between urban and rural Australia to be navigated.

オーストラリアの文化的イメージの多くが、地方の環境およびそこに住む人々や動物に依拠しているのにも関わらず、この国は著しく都市化された社会である。つねに洪水や火事、干ばつを引き起こしやすいオーストラリアにおいて、石炭採掘や産業的農業、都市開発や気候変動の影響によって自然資源に負荷がかかっているということに、多くの人が気付き始めている。このような問題が政治の領域において議論される際、環境保全はいつも粗野な仕方で経済発展と対置され、両者の協働は禁じられている。本稿は、オーストラリアにおける地方／都市の分割に有意義な仕方で関わっている2つのアート・プロジェクトである、「ヨーマン・プロジェクト」と「サトウ対サンゴ？」について論じる。ルーカス・イーライン、イアン・ミリス、キム・ウィリアムズの3人のアーティストによって組織されるこれらのプロジェクトは、実践的かつ創造的な仕方で、地方の食物生産とそれに対して責任を負う人々に関与している。とりわけ、環境の危機に取り組むための大きな可能性を持ちながらも、現代の都市中心の文化においてはめったに注目されない、発明的な農業実践を彼らは調査している。私は、美学、有用性、生態学についての多様な理解を混ぜ合わせながら、これらのプロジェクトを都市的オーストラリアとと地方的オーストラリアとのあいだの不均衡を扱うための生産的な方法として提示する。

This article is in Japanese.
Revision of world Austroterobiinae and Parasaphodinae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae), parasitoids of giant scales (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Monophlebidae)
Authors: MITROIU MIRCEA-DAN
Published: August 2017

The world genera and species of Austroterobiinae and Parasaphodinae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae) are revised. Austroterobia Girault includes eight valid species, of which five are described as new: A. achterbergi sp. nov., A. iceryae Bouček, A. gatesi sp. nov., A. heydoni sp. nov., A. maldica Narendran & Das, A. noyesi sp. nov., A. partibrunnea Girault, and A. partiviridis sp. nov. Teasienna Heydon includes five valid species, of which four are described as new: T. africana sp. nov., T. burksi sp. nov., T. eirene Heydon, T. gibsoni sp. nov., and T. heratyi sp. nov. Parasaphodes Schulz includes four valid species, of which one is described as new: P. afer sp. nov., P. flavipes (Ashmead) comb. nov., P. iceryae (Ashmead), and P. townsendi (Ashmead). Additionally, another new combination is proposed, Chrysolampus japonicus (Ashmead) comb. nov. The lectotypes of Parasaphodes flavipes and P. townsendi are designated. Teasienna males and the male of A. partibrunnea are described for the first time. The subfamily Austroterobiinae is recorded for the first time in the Neotropical region, while the subfamily Parasaphodinae is recorded for the first time in the Afrotropical region. All species with known biology are parasitoids of giant scales, especially Icerya Signoret (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Monophlebidae), some of which are important agricultural pests.
Dynamics and Predictability of Downward-Propagating Stratospheric Planetary Waves Observed in March 2007
Authors: Mukougawa Hitoshi , Noguchi Shunsuke , Kuroda Yuhji , Mizuta Ryo , Kodera Kunihiko
Published: August 2017

The predictability of a downward-propagating event of stratospheric planetary waves observed in early March 2007 is examined by conducting ensemble forecasts using an AGCM. It is determined that the predictable period of this event is about 7 days. Regression analysis using all members of an ensemble forecast also reveals that the downward propagation is significantly related to an amplifying quasi-stationary planetary-scale anomaly with barotropic structure in polar regions of the upper stratosphere. Moreover, the anomaly is 90° out of phase with the ensemble-mean field. Hence, the upper-stratospheric anomaly determines the subsequent vertical-propagating direction of incoming planetary waves from the troposphere by changing their vertical phase tilt, which depends on its polarity. Furthermore, the regressed anomaly is found to have similar horizontal structure to the pattern of greatest spread among members of the predicted upper-stratospheric height field, and the spread growth rate reaches a maximum prior to the occurrence of the downward propagation. Hence, the authors propose a working hypothesis that the regressed anomaly emerges as a result of the barotropic instability inherent to the upper-stratospheric circulation.

In fact, the stability analysis for basic states constituting the ensemble-mean forecasted upper-stratospheric streamfunction field using a nondivergent barotropic vorticity equation on a sphere supports this hypothesis. Thus, the barotropic instability inherent to the distorted polar vortex in the upper stratosphere forced by incoming planetary waves from the troposphere determines whether the planetary waves are eventually absorbed or emitted downward in the stratosphere.
Buoy Measurements of Wind–Wave Relations during Hurricane Matthew in 2016
Authors: Hsu S. A. , He Yijun , Shen Hui
Published: August 2017

Studies suggested that neutral-stability wind speed at 10 m U10 ≥ 9 m s −1 and wave steepness Hs/Lp ≥ 0.020 can be taken as criteria for aerodynamically rough ocean surface and the onset of a wind sea, respectively; here, Hs is the significant wave height, and Lp is the peak wavelength. Based on these criteria, it is found that, for the growing wind seas when the wave steepness increases with time during Hurricane Matthew in 2016 before the arrival of its center, the dimensionless significant wave height and peak period is approximately linearly related, resulting in U10 = 35Hs/Tp; here, Tp is the dominant or peak wave period. This proposed wind–wave relation for aerodynamically rough flow over the wind seas is further verified under Hurricane Ivan and North Sea storm conditions. However, after the passage of Matthew’s center, when the wave steepness was nearly steady, a power-law relation between the dimensionless wave height and its period prevailed with its exponent equal to 1.86 and a very high correlation coefficient of 0.97.
Economics of the Ed Tech Revolution
Authors: Lyons Richard K.
Published: August 2017

Rapid changes in technology—including advances in augmented and artificial intelligence, machine learning, and mobile—are paving the way for significant changes not only in the channels through which education is delivered but in how education itself is structured. This article identifies eight ways in which education technology can change how learning is facilitated and who will facilitate that learning. Basic economic principles then provide a framework for thinking about how these changes will be embedded over time as education increasingly becomes a durable good providing increasing returns through network effects.
The Multisector Career Arc: The Importance of Cross-Sector Affiliations
Authors: Silver Nora , Jansen Paul
Published: August 2017

This article examines the extent to which current leaders from each of the three sectors (public, private, and nonprofit) have had meaningful cross-sector experience either through full-time employment or through service on boards/commissions or other forms of affiliation. Almost half of all leaders profiled had at least one multisector affiliation and about 15% had four or more. It also explores the costs and benefits of such experiences to them and their organization. Almost every leader interviewed described a logical, but serendipitous path that created a unique, unforeseeable, and often very rewarding set of opportunities and experiences. Their profiles also suggest the emergence of a new career path in which leaders garner developmentally rich, career-accelerating experiences, often in parallel, by virtue of part-time cross-sector affiliations in addition to traditional employment.
Teachers’ use of dietary recalls for exploratory dialogue in the classroom
Authors: Torres Irene
Published: August 2017

Objective:

This study examines teachers’ adoption and adaptation of 24-hour dietary recall technique for exploratory dialogue in the classroom with students aged 8–12 years. The focus is on the teachers’ use of the information collected through the recall tool to pose open questions, recap, reformulate and elaborate collectively with the students regarding food and nutrition practices.

Setting:

Three small rural schools in disadvantaged communities of Ecuador.

Method:

Qualitative participant observations of 24-hour dietary recall sessions, with 49 students aged 8–12, and interviews with seven teachers.

Results:

Teachers using the recalls as shared objects of learning guided the class through a collaborative process of sensemaking and understanding of their food practices. Based on children’s everyday knowledge and experiences, the teachers helped to search for explanations and solutions by contextualising the discussion while also linking it with specialised nutritional advice.

Conclusion:

The 24-hour dietary recall aids in organising, connecting and introducing additional information; localising and grounding knowledge; and holding a shared conversation about food and nutrition in the classroom. The tool has potential for teachers to develop instructional skills regarding the discussion of nutrition and health practices within pre-service or in-service training.
Gendered genealogies in North African Jewish women’s writing: The case of Paule Darmon’s Baisse les yeux, Sarah
Authors: Cairns Lucille
Published: August 2017

This article analyses gendered genealogies in an example of North African Jewish women’s writing in French: Paule Darmon’s Baisse les yeux, Sarah (1980), which draws heavily on the author’s personal experience. This autofictional novel recounts the chequered personal history of autodiegetic narrator Sarah Lévy, born to an Algerian father and a Moroccan mother, and raised in Morocco until the age of 17 when her family leave for France. The articles focuses on a three-generational female genealogy of Moroccan-Jewish women, and its problematic relationship with the stereotypical Eastern model of woman. Sarah’s ambivalence towards her matrilineal heritage throws into relief the fault lines that can occur in lines of descent. Although allied with her mother in the latter’s partial rejection of female oppression, she is also sensitive to her mother’s always already subaltern and therefore undesirable status as doubly stigmatized object – female and Oriental – within the French colonial discourses internalized by her father.
Non-invasive methods for measuring vascular changes in neurovascular headaches
Authors: Schytz Henrik W , Amin Faisal M , Selb Juliette , Boas David A
Published: August 2017

Vascular changes during spontaneous headache attacks have been studied over the last 30 years. The interest in cerebral vessels in headache research was initially due to the hypothesis of cerebral vessels as the pain source. Here, we review the knowledge gained by measuring the cerebral vasculature during spontaneous primary headache attacks with the use of single photon emission tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRA) and transcranial Doppler (TCD). Furthermore, the use of near-infrared spectroscopy in headache research is reviewed. Existing TCD studies of migraine and other headache disorders do not provide solid evidence for cerebral blood flow velocity changes during spontaneous attacks of migraine headache. SPECT studies have clearly shown cortical vascular changes following migraine aura and the differences between migraine with aura compared to migraine without aura. PET studies have shown focal activation in brain structures related to headache, but whether the changes are specific to different primary headaches have yet to be demonstrated. MR angiography has shown precise changes in large cerebral vessels during spontaneous migraine without aura attacks. Future development in more precise imaging methods may further elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms in primary headaches.
Living in a Gender-Binary World
Authors: McKeage Kim , Crosby Elizabeth , Rittenburg Terri
Published: August 2017

Baker, Gentry, and Rittenburg’s (2005) model of consumer vulnerability outlines the personal, social, and structural characteristics that frame consumers’ experiences of vulnerability in the marketplace. Later applications and enhancements have expanded consumer vulnerability theory. While the theory has been applied in numerous settings, to date it has not been used to examine the ways that gender identity may intersect with market factors to produce vulnerability. Application in this setting also allows for the integration of various model enhancements, and the examination of vulnerability using a more complete formulation of the theory. Based on in-depth qualitative interviews and collages, along with examples from current marketing practice, our research shows consumer vulnerability to be a useful lens for understanding gender variant consumers’ experiences and the ways in which marketing systems can be engaged to reshape those experiences.
Thracians in the Roman Imperial Navy
Authors: Bekker-Nielsen Tønnes
Published: August 2017

The Roman fleets of the imperial period were crewed by provincials, not by Italians. Of the sailors and soldiers whose names and geographical origin are attested epigraphically (on military diplomas or epitaphs) almost 15 per cent claim a Thracian origin; and among these, the majority identify themselves as Bessi, a tribe in the mountains of southern Thrace that is not known to have had a tradition of seafaring. The explanations proposed by earlier research include Theodor Mommsen’s contention that Bessi was used as a synonym for Thracians in general, and Jerzy Kolendo’s suggestion that these people were recruited from a colony of displaced Bessi with maritime traditions. This article proposes that the presence of Bessi in the navy was a by-product of the creation of new Black Sea fleets in the first century AD.
Spousal Breadwinning Across 30 Years of Marriage and Husbands’ Health: A Gendered Life Course Stress Approach
Authors: Springer Kristen W. , Lee Chioun , Carr Deborah
Published: August 2017

Objective: Wives increasingly outearn their husbands, and gender relations theory suggests this arrangement may undermine men’s well-being. We explore how long-term histories of spousal breadwinning may be associated with older men’s self-rated mental and physical health, and risk of nine health diagnoses. Method: Using 30 years of couple-level income data from the Health and Retirement Study ( n = 1,095 couples), we use latent class analyses to identify six classes that differ with respect to the timing and level of wife breadwinning. We link these classes to older husbands’ later-life health. Results: Classes that transitioned from husband breadwinning to wife breadwinning in early or later adulthood were associated with husbands’ poorer overall physical health and risk of cardiometabolic and stress-related diseases. Patterns persist net of sociodemographics, depressive symptoms, health behaviors, and adolescent health. Discussion: Violating cultural expectations, such as the masculinity ideal of male breadwinning, is associated with older men’s poorer health.
Decreased long non-coding RNA SPRY4-IT1 contributes to ovarian cancer cell metastasis partly via affecting epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Authors: Yu Jing , Han Qi , Cui Yulan
Published: August 2017

Long non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of cellular processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, and metastasis. The dysregulation of long non-coding RNAs, such as the SPRY4-IT1 (SPRY4 intronic transcript 1), has been associated with various types of malignancies. However, the functional roles and regulatory mechanism of SPRY4-IT1 in ovarian cancer remain to be elucidated. Here, we quantified the expression level of SPRY4-IT1 in ovarian cancer patients and found its downregulation in ovarian cancer tissues compared to the adjacent normal tissues. Patients with lower SPRY4-IT1 expression were associated with a relatively poor prognosis. In consistency, the expression of SPRY4-IT1 was found to be reduced in four human ovarian cancer cell lines compared to normal ovarian epithelial cells. Next, two ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV3 and HO8910 were employed in vitro assays to investigate biological functions of SPRY4-IT1 in ovarian cancer. The cell proliferation was reduced following SPRY4-IT1 overexpression in SKOV3/HO8910 cells based on 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and colony formation assays. The SPRY4-IT1 overexpression also dramatically arrested cell cycle and promoted cell apoptosis. Both wound-healing and transwell-based assays demonstrated that cell migration and invasion were inhibited following SPRY4-IT1 overexpression. Meanwhile, overexpression of SPRY4-IT1 increased E-cadherin and decreased N-cadherin and vimentin protein levels, indicating that SPRY4-IT1 may regulate ovarian cancer cell metastasis through the inhibition of epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Taken together, our findings suggest that SPRY4-IT1 regulates various cellular processes of ovarian cancer cells and its downregulation may contribute to ovarian cancer progression and metastasis partly via affecting the epithelial–mesenchymal transition.
Ichthyosis fetalis in Polled Hereford and Shorthorn calves
Authors: O’Rourke Brendon A. , Kelly Jillian , Spiers Zoe B. , Shearer Patrick L. , Porter Naomi S. , Parma Pietro , Longeri Maria
Published: August 2017

Inherited forms of ichthyosis, or generalized scaling of the skin, have been reported in many animal species, including cattle, and are characterized by an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. We investigated 2 calves affected with ichthyosis fetalis, a Polled Hereford and a Shorthorn. Both cases had hard white plaques on the skin consistent with excessive keratinization. This was confirmed by histopathology, which showed severe diffuse epidermal and follicular orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis. The known mutation (H1935R) in gene ABCA12, responsible for ichthyosis fetalis in Chianina cattle, was shown to be absent in both affected calves and their obligate heterozygous parents. These molecular findings indicate that allelic heterogeneity exists for this condition in cattle.
Leptospira spp. vaccinal antibodies do not react with Borrelia burgdorferi peptides used in the AccuPlex 4
Authors: Caress Amber L. , Moroff Scott , Lappin Michael R.
Published: August 2017

We attempted to determine if Leptospira spp. antibodies induced by vaccination would cross-react with Borrelia burgdorferi antigens used in a commercial automated immunofluorescent assay (AccuPlex 4 BioCD; Antech). Staff- and student-owned dogs ( n = 31) were recruited at a veterinary teaching hospital in a B. burgdorferi nonendemic area. The dogs were randomized and administered 1 of 4 commercial Leptospira spp. vaccines that contained serovars Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Icterohaemorrhagiae, and Pomona, then booster vaccinated 3 wk later. Blood was collected on weeks 0, 3, 4, 8, and 12. After confirming that maximal Leptospira spp. titers occurred on week 4, aliquots of sera from week 4 were shipped frozen for analysis of B. burgdorferi antibodies against OspA, OspC, OspF, P39, and SLP with the AccuPlex system. Week 4 sera from all 31 dogs had a titer of 1:100 for at least 1 Leptospira spp. serovar. Titers of 1:800 or greater were detected against multiple serovars in 27 dogs. None of the samples contained antibodies against the B. burgdorferi OspA, OspC, OspF, P39, and SLP peptides used in the commercial assay. The B. burgdorferi peptides used in the AccuPlex system do not recognize naturally occurring Leptospira spp. antibodies or those induced by the commercial Leptospira spp. vaccines administered in our study.
On-road assessment of fitness-to-drive in persons with MS with cognitive impairment: A prospective study
Authors: Morrow Sarah A , Classen Sherrilene , Monahan Miriam , Danter Tim , Taylor Robert , Krasniuk Sarah , Rosehart Heather , He Wenqing
Published: August 2017

Background:

Cognitive impairment is common in multiple sclerosis (MS). In other populations, cognitive impairment is known to affect fitness-to-drive. Few studies have focused on fitness-to-drive in MS and no studies have solely focused on the influence of cognitive impairment.

Objective:

To assess fitness-to-drive in persons with MS with cognitive impairment and low physical disability.

Methods:

Persons with MS, aged 18–59 years with EDSS ⩽ 4.0, impaired processing speed, and impairment on at least one measure of memory or executive function, were recruited. Cognition was assessed using the Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function battery. A formal on-road driving assessment was conducted. Chi-square analysis examined the association between the fitness-to-drive (pass/fail) and the neuropsychological test results (normal/impaired). Bayesian statistics predicting failure of the on-road assessment were calculated.

Results:

Of 36 subjects, eight (22.2%) were unfit to drive. Only the BVMTR-IR, measuring visual-spatial memory, predicted on-road driving assessment failure ( X2 ( df = 1, N = 36) = 3.956; p = 0.047) with a sensitivity of 100%, but low specificity (35.7%) due to false positives (18/25).

Conclusion:

In persons with MS and impaired processing speed, impairment on the BVMTR-IR should lead clinicians to address fitness-to-drive.
No Difference in Neck Enlargement for Patients Treated With Double Proximal Self-Expandable Suprarenal Fixation Endografting
Authors: Reyes Valdivia Andrés , Pitoulias Georgios , Duque Santos África , Fabregate Fuente Martín , Pitoulias Apostolos G. , Ocaña Guaita Julia , Gandarias Claudio
Published: August 2017

Introduction:

Neck enlargement is well described in patients treated with self-expandable endografts for abdominal aortic aneurysms. Double endografting (ie, overlapping of stent grafts) occurs in patients with proximal cuffs or bifurcated to monoiliacal configuration conversions. When the aortic neck of patients receives 2 suprarenal fixation endografts, it may behave differently in terms of radial force and interaction of additional suprarenal stents extending to the visceral aorta.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective study comparing 2 groups. Group 1 included 18 patients treated with 2 proximal self-expandable endografts. Group 2 included 17 patients treated with 1 self-expandable endograft who were consecutively treated during the period of treatment in group 1. Neck measurements were analyzed in both groups preoperatively and in the last computed tomography scan during follow-up. Suprarenal, interrenal, juxtarenal, and infrarenal (at 5 and 10 mm) diameters, as well as interrenal and infrarenal (5 mm) areas, were measured.

Results:

There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics, initial neck measurements, and aneurysmal sac evolution including endoleaks between the groups. Both groups showed neck enlargement. Group comparisons of all parameters in posttreatment neck measurements showed no statistical change. Univariate analysis showed oversizing to be significant in interrenal diameter and area and infrarenal at 10 mm diameter; however, 2-way analysis of variance analysis showed that the interaction between oversizing and the number of stent grafts was not significant.

Conclusion:

Neck enlargement occurs in patients with self-expandable endografts with a tendency to reach the size of the endograft in the long term. Double endografting seems to interact in the same way as simple endografting in the aortic neck. Although the main limitation of our study lies in the small sample size, the presence of an additional “double” stent graft does not appear to result in any differences in aortic neck dilatation when compared to a single stent graft.
Issues related to renal artery angioplasty and stenting
Authors: Mousa Albeir Y , Bates Mark C , Broce Mike , Bozzay Joseph , Morcos Ramez , AbuRahma Ali F
Published: August 2017

Renal artery stenosis may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of secondary hypertension, renal dysfunction, and flash pulmonary edema. Currently correction of renal arterial inflow stenosis is reserved for resistant hypertension patients who have failed maximal medical therapy, have worsening renal function and/or unexplained proximal congestive failure. With the recent advances in minimally invasive percutaneous stent placement techniques, open surgical revascularization has been largely replaced by renal artery stenting. The potential benefit of revascularization seemed intuitive; however, the initial enthusiasm and rise in the number of percutaneous interventions have been tempered by many subsequent negative randomized clinical trials that failed to prove the proposed benefits of the percutaneous intervention. The negative randomized trial results have fallen under scrutiny due to trial design concerns and inconsistent outcomes of these studies compared to pivotal trials undertaken under US Food and Drug Administration scrutiny. Treatment of atherosclerotic renal artery occlusive disease has become one of the most debatable topics in the field of vascular disease. The results from recent randomized clinical trials of renal artery stenting have basically limited the utilization of the procedure in many centers, but not every clinical scenario was covered in those trials. There are potential areas for improvement focusing mainly on procedural details and patient selection with respect to catheter based treatment of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis. We believe, limiting patient selection, enrollment criteria and outcomes measured functioned to reduce the benefit of renal artery stenosis stenting by not enrolling patients likely to benefit. Future studies incorporating potential procedural improvements and that include patients more likely to benefit from renal stenting than were included in ASTRAL and CORAL are needed to more carefully examine specific patient subgroups so that “the baby is not thrown out with the bath water.” We also discuss several other concerns related to renal artery stenting which include diagnostic, procedure, indication, and reimbursement issues.
PHArmacists’ perspective oN the Take hOme naloxone prograM (The PHANTOM Study)
Authors: Edwards Jenny , Bates Duane , Edwards Brett , Ghosh Sunita , Yarema Mark
Published: August 2017

Objective:

To evaluate pharmacists’ attitudes toward the Take Home Naloxone (THN) program and identify areas that could be improved to support pharmacists’ involvement.

Methods:

Pharmacists on the Alberta College of Pharmacists’ directory were invited to complete an online survey between July 10 and August 8, 2016. The survey consisted of 19 questions. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.

Results:

Four hundred seventy pharmacists completed the survey (response rate = 11.2%). A total of 76.8% of respondents strongly agreed or agreed that pharmacists should be screening patients to identify those at risk of opioid overdose. Full-time pharmacists were more likely to agree ( p = 0.02). A total of 79.8% of respondents strongly agreed or agreed that pharmacists should be recommending THN kits. Pharmacists working in large population centres ( p = 0.008) and full-time pharmacists ( p = 0.02) were more likely to agree with this statement. Furthermore, 60.6% of pharmacists were extremely willing or very willing to participate in the THN program. Pharmacists in practice for ≤15 years were more willing to participate in the THN program than pharmacists in practice >15 years ( p = 0.03). The most common perceived barriers to implementation of the THN program were lack of time in pharmacists’ current work environment and education about the program.

Conclusions:

Overall, pharmacists had positive attitudes toward screening patients to identify those at risk of opioid overdose, recommending THN kits and willingness to participate in the program. Factors that may facilitate increased participation in the program include addressing time issues and improving education about the THN program.
Almost “Nothing New Under the Sun”: American politics and the election of Donald Trump
Authors: Goethals George R
Published: August 2017

Donald Trump’s surprising 2016 election as President of the United States was unusual both in the set of states he won and in clearly winning the electoral vote while decisively losing the popular vote. His victory is somewhat less surprising given recent Republican domination of American politics, a context which provides Trump both leadership opportunities and constraints. A large factor in Trump’s rise is the leader–follower dynamics of crowds, seen throughout time, which enabled him to win an uncritical and devoted following. An important part of that dynamic was Trump’s validation of the social identity of the white working class in the United States, especially in comparison to Hillary Clinton’s both implicit and explicit denigration of that base of Trump support. Trump’s identity story for his base is unusually exclusive, highlighted by ingroup vs. outgroup hostility. His appeal is compared to inclusive identity stories successfully related by other US presidents, which suggest how future leaders might effectively touch “the better angels of our nature.”
Implications of Agricultural Development for Tropical Biodiversity
Authors: Brawn Jeffrey D.
Published: August 2017

Biodiversity at tropical latitudes is notably great and increasingly threatened by habitat loss and the direct or indirect effects of climate change. Estimates vary but there is reasonably strong evidence that current rates of species extinction and local extirpations are historically high and increasing. Habitat loss and fragmentation owing to agriculture drives much of this trend and the large-scale loss of forest habitat to crops such as palm oil and soy is especially concerning. Evidence is emerging that changes in precipitation regimes at tropical latitudes may also pose a significant threat to tropical ecosystems. A trend toward more severe seasonal drought and xeric conditions is predicted for large regions of the tropics and, while data are few, this will likely challenge the viability of many animal populations and communities. Dryer conditions may be especially severe in regions where deforestation and agriculture dominant land use. These issues motivate the need for close communication and joint research agendas among conservationists, climate modelers, and agribusiness.
Hip and Groin Injuries in Dancers: A Systematic Review
Authors: Trentacosta Natasha , Sugimoto Dai , Micheli Lyle J.
Published: August 2017

Context:

Injury data on hip and groin injuries vary, and these injuries are often misrepresented or overlooked for more commonly seen injuries, such as those to the foot and ankle.

Objective:

To provide a systematic review of the injury rates of hip and groin pathology in dancers and look to establish a better understanding of the occurrence of hip and groin injuries in the dancer population.

Data Sources:

A literature search was performed using PubMed and CINAHL databases for articles published between 2000 and 2016.

Study Selection:

Inclusion criteria consisted of (1) documentation of the number of hip and/or groin injuries, (2) study population consisting of dancers whose training included some level of ballet, and (3) studies of levels 1 through 3 evidence.

Study Design:

Systematic review.

Level of Evidence:

Level 3.

Data Extraction:

A single reviewer identified studies that met the inclusion criteria. The number of overall injuries, hip/groin injuries, study participants, injured participants, training hours per week, mean age of study group, injury definition, injury reporting method, and study time frame were extracted.

Results:

Thirteen unique studies were included in the descriptive analysis. Of the 2001 dancers included in this study, 3527 musculoskeletal injuries were seen in 1553 dancers. Of these, 345 injuries were localized to the hip and groin region (overall rate, 17.2%). An incidence rate of 0.09 hip and groin injuries per 1000 dance-hours was seen in the selected cohort studies. Of 462 professional dancers, 128 hip/groin injuries were recorded, for an injury rate of 27.7%. Of the 1539 student dancers, 217 hip/groin injuries were recorded, for an injury rate of 14.1% ( P < 0.01).

Conclusion:

Data on hip and groin injuries have many limitations. However, these injuries represent an important health issue for dancers of all skill levels, encompassing 17.2% of musculoskeletal injuries seen in dancers. An increasing rate of hip/groin injuries is seen in professional dancers compared with students.
Presence of an Attachment Figure Is Associated With Greater Sensitivity to Physical Pain Following Mild Social Exclusion
Authors: DiLorenzo Miranda G. , Chum Giorgina T. , Weidmark Lauren V. , MacDonald Geoff
Published: August 2017

Social exclusion has been shown to influence sensitivity to physical pain. Attachment theory suggests a primary response to rejection should be seeking out the company of a close other. Based on this prediction, we hypothesized that the presence of an attachment figure versus a stranger following rejection would permit acknowledgement of distress and thus stronger reports of physical pain. Healthy participants reported their pain sensitivity before receiving exclusion or inclusion feedback in an online chat. Participants were then randomly assigned to have access to their attachment figure or a stranger and had pain sensitivity measured again. As predicted, excluded participants who had access to their attachment figure evidenced heightened pain sensitivity (lower pain threshold and tolerance), whereas those who sat with a stranger evidenced some degree of a decrease in pain sensitivity (higher pain tolerance). These data may shed light on the impact social ties can have during painful situations.
Remembering and Responding to Distressing Autobiographical Memories: Exploring Risk and Intervention Targets for Posttraumatic Stress in Traumatized Refugees
Authors: Reebs Anna , Yuval Kim , Bernstein Amit
Published: August 2017

It is tragic that more than 65 million people are currently forcibly displaced due to civil war, ethnic cleansing, and related atrocities. They suffer at high rates from trauma- and stress-related mental health problems. To advance development of effective mental health interventions tailored to refugees and asylum seekers, we need to significantly increase knowledge of risk processes and intervention targets. Accordingly, in an experimental laboratory study, we examined the nature and function(s) of remembering and responding to a distressing autobiographical memory among 110 severely traumatized Sudanese refugees. We found that (a) posttraumatic stress symptom severity predicted emotional reactivity, but not avoidance, in response to remembering a distressing memory and that (b) relative to a self-distanced perspective, a self-immersed perspective during memory recall led to lower levels of avoidance, but not emotional reactivity. Findings are discussed with respect to extant theory, intervention development, and implementation for traumatized refugee populations.
Keeping up with the Joneses: How Households Fared in the Era of High Income Inequality and the Housing Price Bubble, 1999–2007
Authors: Fligstein Neil , Hastings Orestes P. , Goldstein Adam
Published: August 2017

Sociologists conceptualize lifestyles as structured hierarchically where people seek to emulate those higher up. Growing income inequality in the United States means those at the top bid up the price of valued goods like housing and those in lower groups have struggled to maintain their relative positions. We explore this process in the context of the U.S. housing market from 1999 to 2007 by analyzing over 4,000 residential moves from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Houses are the ultimate status symbol. Their size, quality, and location signal to others that one has (or has not) arrived. We show that in areas where income inequality was higher, all movers went deeper into debt and increased their monthly housing costs to live in more desirable neighborhoods. But because people at the top of the income distribution had so much more money, they were able to take on less debt to keep their position in the status queue. Everyone below them who made a move to buy a house took on more debt, particularly in areas with higher income inequality. This evidence suggests that growing inequality implies that those at the top buy the best homes while others struggle to keep pace amid rising housing costs.
The generalized traveling salesman problem solved with ant algorithms
Authors: Pintea Camelia-M. , Pop Petrică C. , Chira Camelia
Published: August 2017

A well known $$\mathcal{NP}$$
NP
-hard problem called the generalized traveling salesman problem (GTSP) is considered. In GTSP the nodes of a complete undirected graph are partitioned into clusters. The objective is to find a minimum cost tour passing through exactly one node from each cluster. An exact exponential time algorithm and an effective meta-heuristic algorithm for the problem are presented. The meta-heuristic proposed is a modified Ant Colony System (ACS) algorithm called reinforcing Ant Colony System which introduces new correction rules in the ACS algorithm. Computational results are reported for many standard test problems. The proposed algorithm is competitive with the other already proposed heuristics for the GTSP in both solution quality and computational time.
Considerations for pediatric burn sedation and analgesia
Authors: Fagin Alice , Palmieri Tina L.
Published: August 2017

Burn patients experience anxiety and pain in the course of their injury, treatment, and recovery. Hence, treatment of anxiety and pain is paramount after burn injury. Children, in particular, pose challenges in anxiety and pain management due to their unique physiologic, psychologic, and anatomic status. Burn injuries further complicate pain management and sedation as such injuries can have effects on medication response and elimination. Burn injuries further complicate pain management and sedation as such injuries can have effects on medication response and elimination. The purpose of this review is to describe the challenges associated with management of anxiety, pain, and sedation in burned children and to describe the different options for treatment of anxiety and pain in burned children.
Off-the-Shelf Virus-Specific T Cells to Treat BK Virus, Human Herpesvirus 6, Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr Virus, and Adenovirus Infections After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation
Authors: Tzannou Ifigeneia , Papadopoulou Anastasia , Naik Swati , Leung Kathryn , Martinez Caridad A. , Ramos Carlos A. , Carrum George , Sasa Ghadir , Lulla Premal , Watanabe Ayumi , Kuvalekar Manik , Gee Adrian P. , Wu Meng-Fen , Liu Hao , Grilley Bambi J. , Krance Robert A. , Gottschalk Stephen , Brenner Malcolm K. , Rooney Cliona M. , Heslop Helen E. , Leen Ann M. , Omer Bilal
Published: August 2017

Purpose

Improvement of cure rates for patients treated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) will require efforts to decrease treatment-related mortality from severe viral infections. Adoptively transferred virus-specific T cells (VSTs) generated from eligible, third-party donors could provide broad antiviral protection to recipients of HSCT as an immediately available off-the-shelf product.

Patient and Methods

We generated a bank of VSTs that recognized five common viral pathogens: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), adenovirus (AdV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), BK virus (BKV), and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6). The VSTs were administered to 38 patients with 45 infections in a phase II clinical trial.

Results

A single infusion produced a cumulative complete or partial response rate of 92% (95% CI, 78.1% to 98.3%) overall and the following rates by virus: 100% for BKV (n = 16), 94% for CMV (n = 17), 71% for AdV (n = 7), 100% for EBV (n = 2), and 67% for HHV-6 (n = 3). Clinical benefit was achieved in 31 patients treated for one infection and in seven patients treated for multiple coincident infections. Thirteen of 14 patients treated for BKV-associated hemorrhagic cystitis experienced complete resolution of gross hematuria by week 6. Infusions were safe, and only two occurrences of de novo graft-versus host disease (grade 1) were observed. VST tracking by epitope profiling revealed persistence of functional VSTs of third-party origin for up to 12 weeks.

Conclusion

The use of banked VSTs is a feasible, safe, and effective approach to treat severe and drug-refractory infections after HSCT, including infections from two viruses (BKV and HHV-6) that had never been targeted previously with an off-the-shelf product. Furthermore, the multispecificity of the VSTs ensures extensive antiviral coverage, which facilitates the treatment of patients with multiple infections.
Practice Patterns, Attitudes, and Barriers to Palliative Care Consultation by Gynecologic Oncologists
Authors: Buckley de Meritens Alexandre , Margolis Benjamin , Blinderman Craig , Prigerson Holly G. , Maciejewski Paul K. , Shen Megan J. , Hou June Y. , Burke William M. , Wright Jason D. , Tergas Ana I.
Published: August 2017

Purpose:

We sought to describe practice patterns, attitudes, and barriers to the integration of palliative care services by gynecologic oncologists.

Methods:

Members of the Society of Gynecologic Oncology were electronically surveyed regarding their practice of incorporating palliative care services and to identify barriers for consultation. Descriptive statistics were used, and two-sample z-tests of proportions were performed to compare responses to related questions.

Results:

Of the 145 respondents, 71% were attending physicians and 58% worked at an academic medical center. The vast majority (92%) had palliative care services available for consultation at their hospital; 48% thought that palliative care services were appropriately used, 51% thought they were underused, and 1% thought they were overused. Thirty percent of respondents thought that palliative care services should be incorporated at first recurrence, whereas 42% thought palliative care should be incorporated when prognosis for life expectancy is ≤ 6 months. Most participants (75%) responded that palliative care consultation is reasonable for symptom control at any stage of disease. Respondents were most likely to consult palliative care services for pain control (53%) and other symptoms (63%). Eighty-three percent of respondents thought that communicating prognosis is the primary team’s responsibility, whereas the responsibilities for pain and symptom control, resuscitation status, and goals of care discussions were split between the primary team only and both teams. The main barrier for consulting palliative care services was the concern that patients and families would feel abandoned by the primary oncologist (73%). Ninety-seven percent of respondents answered that palliative care services are useful to improve patient care.

Conclusion:

The majority of gynecologic oncologists perceived palliative care as a useful collaboration that is underused. Fear of perceived abandonment by the patient and family members was identified as a significant barrier to palliative care consult.
Radical Democracy without Risks? Habermas on Constitutional Patriotism and Civil Disobedience
Authors: Çıdam Çiğdem
Published: August 2017

Although it is one of the least theorized concepts in his oeuvre, Jürgen Habermas's recourse to constitutional patriotism at critical junctures of his intellectual career points to the concept's significant role in his democratic theory. In analyzing Habermas's invocations of constitutional patriotism in his accounts of civil disobedience, the article argues that Habermas uses the concept not only as an alternative to nationalism but also as a way to deal with the indeterminacy of the radical core of deliberative democracy. In doing so, however, he inadvertently undermines his own powerful criticism of the philosophy of the subject. What suffers from this unintended resurgence of the philosophy of the subject, in both its liberal and its republican variants, is the radical core of constitutional democracy itself.
Reflections on the European Promise
Authors: Papastephanou Marianna
Published: August 2017

Claims, aspirations, and hopes for Europe as a postnational constellation are often based on the assumption that the European sociality, as it emerges from its public discourses, is more or less committed to a normative promise of global justice. This faith in Europe lacks no critical edge. Jürgen Habermas, for instance, promotes a sustained critique of current European mentalities that aims to unravel Europe's normative potential. In critical dialogue with Habermas's most recent ideas on this subject, the article argues that, to be meaningful, the European promise requires something other than a mere postnationalization. It requires a heightened understanding of global justice and a critical relation with past and present liabilities that is more reforming of European consciousness. Borrowing from aesthetic idioms, the article terms this different outlook an “anamorphic gaze.” Its relevance is illustrated through examples of challenges typically overlooked in the European public sphere because they do not satisfy the easily digestible affective and political criteria of a “crisis” narrative.
Historical Criticism, the Reclamation of Codes, and Repairs to Literary History: The Examples of Fielding and Richardson
Authors: Weinbrot Howard D.
Published: August 2017

Like other earlier authors, Fielding and Richardson place culturally shared “codes” in their texts and exploit those codes for their readers' instruction and delight. The historical critic uses multiple approaches to reclaim what our ancestors knew and what can enlarge modern knowledge and, thereby, modern pleasure. I here try to reclaim lost classical allusions, and use lexicography, textual variants, rape and marriage laws, and social and dynastic history to illumine Tom Jones, Pamela in her Exalted Condition, and Clarissa. The historical critic thus is empirical, inductive rather than agenda-driven, and deductive in method, and is formalist as well as historical in critical practice.
Every Turk Is Born a Soldier
Authors: Arjomand Noah
Published: August 2017

This essay follows a young barber named Mehmet as he joins the Turkish military in the wake of the country’s July 15, 2016, coup attempt. Mehmet’s preconscription rituals are used as an synecdochic entry point for a discussion of masculine dignity and control over public space as key dimensions of postcoup Turkish politics. The rituals that Mehmet plays out the night before basic training mirror the larger-scale symbolic and physical advance of President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s faithful on Istanbul’s once cosmopolitan urban center. Mehmet and his friends idolize Erdoğan, the essay argues, not so much out of strict religious or ideological convictions, but because he offers them a story and a path to realize an ideal of citizenship and manhood, in contrast to a cosmopolitanism that devalues them.