bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A prospective study on the pattern of antibiotic use in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Mani Susan , Hariharan T. S.
Published: August 2017

Background: Indiscriminate use of antimicrobials is rampant throughout India, and this is a matter of serious concern. There are several reports linking antibiotic usage to bacterial resistance. Towards addressing this problem, community wise surveillance needs to be undertaken to monitor antibiotic exposure including their misuse. This study was meant to assess the extent and pattern of antibiotic use in a tertiary care facility.Methods: Subjects for study were patients attending a suburban hospital in central Kerala. Case records of patients who were prescribed systemic antibiotics were perused for relevant data. Seriously ill patients were excluded from the study.Results: 610 encounters with antibiotics could be identified from a total of around 2000 patient records, indicating an encounter rate of 29%; which is quite acceptable as per the WHO standard of prescribing indicators. However, more than 70% of prescriptions carried only brand names of medications. Use of antibiotics was mostly on the basis of clinical symptoms (presumptive), and culture reports were not given due credence. Prescriptions were invariably therapeutic in nature, and the concepts of surgical prophylaxis conveniently given a go by. The most common infections were those of the Upper Respiratory Tract (URTI), followed by skin and soft tissue infections. Ampicillin, azithromycin and cefuroxime were the most frequently prescribed agents. More than one third of infections were treated with a combination of antimicrobials. A general temptation for using cephalosporin - betalactamase inhibitor combinations could be related to the aggressive promotional policies of the pharmaceutical industry.Conclusions: The overall antibiotic encounter rate is acceptable as per WHO standards. But the tendency for using injections as well as antibiotic combinations is very high. Prophylactic use of antibiotics in surgical procedures is not being followed at all. A serious attempt needs to be made to implement National Guidelines for use of antimicrobials.
A comparative study between 0.5% centbucridine and 2% lignocaine with adrenaline (1:200,000) for bilateral extraction of mandibular premolar using nerve block anesthesia: a double blind randomized controlled clinical study
Authors: Shrihari Lucky , Suresh V. , Yuvaraj V. , Sathyanarayanan R. , Shyamala M. , Monica S.
Published: August 2017

Background: The purpose of the study was to compare the efficacy of 0.5% centbucridine and 2% lignocaine with adrenaline (1:200,000).Methods: A clinical prospective, controlled, randomized, double blind group study was conducted on 22 patients referred for extraction of mandibular premolars, who were randomly assigned to 2 groups by the split mouth method. Before extraction of mandibular premolar, either 0.5% centbucridine or 2% lignocaine with 1:200,000 adrenaline were used for anesthesia. All the patients were given inferior alveolar, lingual, and long buccal nerve blocks. Pain on injection, onset of anesthesia, duration of anesthesia and changes in blood pressure and pulse rate were monitored and recorded.Results: In our study, statistically significant difference was found between the efficacy of agents as for time for onset of anesthesia, duration of action, and changes in blood pressure and pulse rate, but no statistically significant difference was found for pain on injection between two groups.Conclusions: The efficacy of centbucridine was found to be more as compared to lignocaine with adrenaline, in rapid onset of anesthesia, longer duration of action, and cardiovascular stability. There was no significant difference in the pain on injection for both centbucridine and lignocaine with adrenaline. Centbucridine can be used in medically compromised condition where adrenaline is contraindicated.
Dental students’ perceptions and feedback on teaching and learning pharmacology
Authors: Patel Amit P. , Katlam Savitri
Published: August 2017

Background: There is a shift in the teaching learning process with the advent of newer methodologies. The present study was conducted to obtain feedback from 2 year dental students regarding teaching and learning methodology and their perception about pharmacology.Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional questionnaire based survey. A self-designed questionnaire containing 10 questions with 4-6 options regarding the teaching and learning methodology was given to 2nd year dental students. Responses was collected and data was compiled in Microsoft excel and statistically analyzed.Results: A total of 97 students participated in this survey. Students opinion revealed that, Gastrointestinal followed by general pharmacology and cardiovascular system were the most favorite topics. Majority preferred studying from “standard text books” and method of learning was “understanding” of the subject rather mugging. Majority of the students said that preferred lectures taken via LCD projectors and rated viva and MCQ as preferred method of evaluation university exams. Interactive classes and tutorials were the most preferred techniques.Conclusions: The study concluded that interactive classes and overhead /LCD based lectures should be inculcated in routine learning and teaching program of pharmacology. There is a need to qualitatively assess the various teaching and learning methods, so as to understand students views and their perception for improving teaching and learning pharmacology. The outcome will help us to modify and improve quality of under graduate dental pharmacology teaching and learning.
An evaluation of knowledge, attitude and practice of pharmacovigilance among prescribers in a teaching hospital of south India
Authors: Shivarudraiah Prasad R. , Kudthni Ravi H. , Ramakrishna Santhosh , Koushik S. S. , Karki Prajna V. , Kedia Radhika
Published: August 2017

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) represent a serious health problem. Effective generation of ADR related data helps in practicing evidence-based medicine and thus prevents many adverse drug reactions. Spontaneous reporting of ADRs has remained the major sources of information of pharmacovigilance. Underreporting of ADRs is a common problem. In order to improve the reporting rate, it is important to improve the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) of the prescribers regarding ADR reporting and Pharmacovigilance. Hence this study was undertaken to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding Pharmacovigilance among doctors of Shridevi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Hospital, Tumkur, Karnataka.Methods: This was a cross sectional, observational, questionnaire based study conducted using a predesigned Knowledge Attitude Practice (KAP) questionnaire among 110 doctors. The completed KAP questionnaire was collected and data analyzed.Results: Most of the doctors (98.15%) accepted that reporting ADR is necessary. 67.31% agreed that ADR reporting is necessary for identifying safety of the drug and 94.44% agreed that pharmacovigilance should be taught in detail to health-care professionals. But there was a huge gap between the ADR experienced (80%), and ADR reported (25.45%) by the prescribers. Only 29.09% medical professionals have ever seen the ADR reporting form and only 16.36% respondents have been trained on reporting on ADR.Conclusions: Study revealed that the majority of the doctors had a good knowledge but poor attitude and practice of pharmacovigilance. They should be trained properly on ADR reporting to improve the current scenario in the pharmacovigilance program of the country.
Study of analgesics usage in third trimester of pregnancy and its ill effects on pregnancy course and outcome
Authors: B. P. Sri Vidya , N. S. Shashikumar , R. Manohar
Published: August 2017

Background: Pregnancy is a special physiological state. Pregnancy care is one of the greatest challenges in medicine as it demands a special care in the use of drugs because of altered physiology. At least 10 percent of birth defects are thought to result from maternal drug exposures. NSAIDS are one of the most commonly used medications during pregnancy (17%) to treat painful events during pregnancy.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted after taking approval from the Institutional ethical committee and study was conducted for a period of one year. Antenatal clinics and inpatients wards of department of obstetrics and Gynaecology were visited and all the pregnant women with exposure to analgesics during third trimester and at the time of labour were included in the study. Information regarding the analgesics exposure either prescribed by the physician or self-medicated was collected.Results: Total 1520 pregnant women were included in the study over a period of one year. Analgesic exposure was seen in 77.1% of pregnant women during labour. Most common analgesic used to relieve labour pain was tramadol. 22.9% pregnant women were exposed to analgesics during third trimester, among them exposure to paracetamol was observed in 14% of pregnant women and to tramadol in 8.9%. Indications for usage of these analgesics during pregnancy were fever with myalgia (45.8%), false labour pain (37%), and headache (11.4%).Conclusions: Study showed that there is a positive association between analgesics exposure during third trimester of pregnancy particularly to paracetamol exposure and preterm delivery. Association between paracetamol exposure and low birth weight was also observed in this study but this finding could be due to more number of preterm deliveries which could not be ruled out in this study. Further studies have to be conducted to confirm the association since there are only limited numbers of studies done till now.
A Angústia da Influência nas Artes Visuais, como na literatura, com Harold Bloom
Authors: Oliveira Maria Do Céu Diel
Published: August 2017

Estes escritos buscam entender a possibilidade de migrar as categorias poéticas elencadas por Harold Bloom na Angustia da Influência1 - clinamen, tessera, kenosis, demonização, askesis e apófrades - para as artes visuais como forma de entendimento, compreensão e superação da influencia poética/artística. Assim, acredito que as mesmas categorias de Bloom para a literatura podem ser escopo de processo criativo nas artes visuais.
A CONCEPÇÃO INTERVALAR NA POÉTICA PÓS-RUPTURA: UMA ANÁLISE DA SONATA N.º 3 DE ALMEIDA PRADO
Authors: Sant'Ana Edson Hansen
Published: August 2017

Este trabalho demonstra a teorização que venho desenvolvendo nestes últimos anos (2009-2016) sobre a póetica de Almeida Prado no pós-ruptura ao tonalismo. Este texto aborda sobre o espaço multi-sistêmico do compositor, chamado transtonalismo, bem como trata da comprovação analítica voltada para o problema intervalar em uma das obras utilizadas para uma pesquisa mais abrangente, que se ampliou e se verificou ocorrente em mais de 100 obras do compositor. Venho propondo a superação terminológica do conceito anteriormente fundado pelo compositor como expressividade intervalar em direção a um novo termo definifo como intervalo característico. Como estudo e comprovação pontual, construo uma análise da Sonata n.03 como uma obra representante da fase Pós-Tonal, entendendo que todo esse mecanismo intervalar ocorre em obras de outras duas fases subsequentes, as fases Síntese e Pós-Moderna.
O que é Performance? Entre contexto histórico e designativos do termo
Authors: Ramirez Natalie Mireya Mansur
Published: August 2017

Este artigo pretende explorar questões relacionadas aos designativos do termo performance, levando em consideração a abrangência de campos do conhecimento que esta envolve através de autores nacionais e internacionais, bem como alguns exemplos históricos. O intuito desta pesquisa não é traçar uma historiografia sobre a arte da performance, mas descrever alguns dados que ajudem na compreensão daquilo que buscamos entender como tal.
Hierarquia e concentração na distribuição regional brasileira de invenções por tipos de tecnologias
Authors: Rodriguez Rodrigo Siqueira , Gonçalves Eduardo
Published: August 2017

Este artigo propõe uma classificação das regiões brasileiras em função de suas competências tecnológicas, as quais são identificadas por classes tecnológicas, segundo a International Patent Classification – IPC, presentes nos depósitos de patentes (BADEPI/INPI) no período 2000-2011. A classificação é baseada em três indicadores: coeficiente de Zipf, índice de Gini e estatística I de Moran. Os resultados indicam que o grau de hierarquia e concentração em regiões é menor em tecnologias de química de alimentos, engenharia mecânica e civil, sendo tais tecnologias mais presentes em regiões menos centrais. Por outro lado, as tecnologias de engenharia elétrica e telecomunicações, biológicas e nanotecnologias apresentam um grau de hierarquia e concentração maior, sendo dominadas por São Paulo, Campinas e Rio de Janeiro. Os padrões de aglomeração indicam a existência de associação espacial positiva destas tecnologias no Sudeste e Sul do Brasil, em particular nas capitais dos estados e na região de Campinas.
A indústria brasileira no contexto das cadeias globais de valor: um estudo empírico de especialização vertical para os complexos eletroeletrônico e metal-mecânico
Authors: Rörig Juliane Regina , Martinelli Júnior Orlando , Feistel Paulo Ricardo
Published: August 2017

O artigo objetiva contribuir para o estudo empírico da inserção de segmentos da indústria brasileira em cadeias globais de valor (CGVs), com ênfase no comércio de especialização vertical dos complexos eletroeletrônico e metal-mecânico, em 2000, 2005 e 2009. Para isso, utilizou-se a metodologia de especialização vertical proposta por Hummels et al. (2001). Os resultados mostraram que a inserção de tais complexos em CGVs foi decrescente ao longo dos anos 2000. A maior internacionalização produtiva, a partir da abertura comercial, não garantiu a integração desses complexos em CGVs de forma mais dinâmica e competitiva em setores relevantes do ponto de vista industrial.
University-industry research collaboration in the Brazilian oil industry: the case of Petrobras
Authors: Gielfi Giovanna Guimarães , Furtado André Tosi , Campos André Sica de , Tijssen Robert
Published: August 2017

Este artigo analisa a colaboração em pesquisa entre a empresa estatal petrolífera brasileira, Petrobras, e universidades no período de 1980 a 2014. Apesar da importância da interação universidade-empresa na indústria de petróleo brasileira, há poucos estudos temporalmente abrangentes sobre o tema. Este trabalho ajuda a preencher uma lacuna na literatura, provendo dados comparativos de longo prazo sobre a colaboração em pesquisa entre a Petrobras e universidades. Baseando-se nas publicações da Petrobras em coautoria com universidades, são analisadas as mudanças na intensidade e orientação geográfica da colaboração, no nível de relação interorganizacional e na base de conhecimentos da empresa. Além disso, o trabalho também aborda os efeitos da recente política de financiamento à pesquisa e desenvolvimento na interação. Os resultados mostram uma crescente interação entre a Petrobras e as universidades brasileiras, levando a um alargamento da rede de colaborações científicas da empresa e reforçando sua base de conhecimentos.
O impacto do motor flex no mercado brasileiro de motocicletas e na liderança da Honda
Authors: Signor Diogo , Petterini Francis Carlo
Published: August 2017

Em 2009 a Honda incorporou o motor flex em parte de suas motocicletas, o que ocorreu sob um contexto peculiar, já que a empresa poderia ter sua liderança ameaçada por novos concorrentes e o mercado estava retraído. O artigo contextualiza e analisa o impacto da inovação, estimando por controle sintético que as vendas contrafactuais da Honda seriam até 27% menores no quadriênio 2009-2012. Associado ao fato que a Honda ganhou cinco pontos percentuais em parcela de mercado, isso aponta a relevância da inovação para manter sua liderança.
Creation of a certification requirement for pharmacists in direct patient care roles
Authors: Hager David R. , Hartkopf Katherine J. , Koth Sara M. , Rough Steven S.
Published: August 2017

Purpose

Steps taken by a large health system to require certification for all pharmacists in direct patient care roles are detailed.

Major supply chain changes and rising payer expectations are reshaping pharmacy practice, resulting in expanded responsibilities for pharmacists and a heightened need for certification in specialized practice areas. In response, the pharmacy leadership team at UW Health, the integrated health system of the University of Wisconsin–Madison, used an iterative process and a “rolling” FAQ format to develop and implement a certification requirement. Key decisions during the process included decisions to accept only rigorous certifications (mainly those offered by the Board of Pharmacy Specialties), to provide institutional support for continuing education–based recertification, and to use an accepted definition of direct patient care in determining which pharmacists need to be certified. The team obtained the support of the UW Health human relations department by drafting a policy and rewriting all pharmacist position descriptions to incorporate the certification requirement. An all-pharmacist forum was held to build staff commitment. As a result of the requirement, 73 pharmacists were required to obtain certification by 2018 at a total cost to UW Health of $44,000; ongoing support of certification maintenance will cost an estimated $40,000 per year.

Conclusion

Health systems can be successful in establishing uniform certification expectations for pharmacists in direct patient care roles, even across diverse practice settings, by aligning expectations with organizational goals.
Romper compartimentos estancos como camino hacia el desarrollo sostenible
Authors: Surasky Javier
Published: August 2017

Al adoptar la Agenda 2030 y sus Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible los Estados asumieron la necesidad de superar las estructuras de trabajo en compartimentos estancos para poder cumplir los compromisos allí asumidos. Este trabajo pretende analizar la posibilidad real de pasar de un esquema de implementación en el que el pensamiento fragmentado dé lugar a la transversalidad. Para ello se realiza un estudio cualitativo basado en el enfoque decolonial sobre la forma en que se construyó la lógica de pensamiento fragmentado como parte de la modernidad, para luego analizar la institucionalidad estatal creada por Argentina, Colombia y Chile orientada a implementar la Agenda 2030 desde la óptica de la transversalización de visiones. La conclusión principal es que estamos aún lejos de poder trabajar en esquemas verdaderamente integrados y que, para hacerlo, el cambio debería ser realmente de fondo y transformacional.
Las FARC-EP en Suramérica: Una aproximación desde la teoría de los Complejos de Seguridad Regional
Authors: Hernández Acuña Diego
Published: August 2017

Las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia-Ejército del Pueblo (FARC-EP) son el grupo guerrillero más antiguo del continente americano y su presencia en la región ha sido la causante de tensiones diplomáticas entre países. El propósito de este artículo es, desde la teoría de la securitización de las relaciones internacionales, explorar las razones por las cuales las FARC-EP no se consolidaron como una amenaza regional en Suramérica.
La Comunidad de Estados Latinoamericanos y Caribeños (Celac) en la reconfiguración de la integración regional post-hegemónica
Authors: Lo Brutto Giuseppe , Crivelli Minutti Eduardo
Published: August 2017

A principios del siglo xxi la constitución de la Comunidad de Estados Latinoamericanos y Caribeños (Celac) fue el reflejo de un nuevo tipo de regionalismo en el que se dibujó un mapa estratégico en clave post-hegemónica. Sin embargo, se trata de un escenario regional cambiante en el que también se reconfiguran las estrategias hegemónicas de las potencias internacionales que tienen intereses en esta zona. Por eso, el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar cómo se inserta la Celac en este contexto regional, en su búsqueda por una mayor autonomía política en el marco de la reconfiguración de las dinámicas económicas globales.
La teoría y la realidad del discurso de protección ambiental y las políticas extractivas en Bolivia
Authors: Blanco Juan Federico Pino Uribe , Amaya Panche Johanna , Diaz Aguirre Carlos Felipe
Published: August 2017

lo largo de los 10 años de gobierno de Evo Morales, presidente del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia, se ha mantenido una retórica de protección al medio ambiente, a los indígenas que habitan en el país y la idea de posicionar a este lugar como un espacio al margen de políticas económicas extractivas y de explotación de recursos. Algunas razones como la falta de independencia alimentaria y la necesidad económica de exploración y explotación de minerales han hecho que no exista una continua tensión simbólica entre unos discursos legitimadores del proyecto político de Morales, y los hechos a lo largo de su presidencia, los cuales muestran un continuo atropello al medio ambiente, a los grupos indígenas y que ha posicionado al país como un socio internacional importante de exportación de materia prima para Europa y América del Norte
Impact of declining interest rates on European primary bond market
Authors: Verner Robert , Remiáš Peter
Published: August 2017

The aim of this paper is to examine the growing popularity of debt financing in European based subjects. The development of issued volume was examined on the sample of 9,293 public debt offerings denominated in EUR issued between 30th November 2007 and 30th November 2016 and the impact of declining market interest rates on primary bond market was explored. More than 7.666 trillion EUR of debt were analyzed and the results indicate that despite low interest rates, the volume of issued bonds does not increase over time. Decline of interest rates only compensates slow economic growth as well as increasing global market and political risks.
Risk perception and psychological behavior of investors in emerging market: Indonesian Stock Exchange
Authors: Yuliani  , Isnurhadi  , Jie Ferry
Published: August 2017

Capital market functions as a mediator between parties who have excess funds that is, investors and those who need the funds that is, emitents. Decision to sell and buy shares of a financial asset is very strategic decision for investors because it is associated with the chances of return to be earned in the future. The objective of this paper is to investigate the investor’s psychology on buying and selling common stock in the stock exchange in emerging market. The specific purpose of this research is to provide the simultaneous empirical evidence about the perception of risk, psychology aspects towards the confidence and performance. The sample consists of 100 individual investors in Palembang, South Sumatera, Indonesia. The data were collected during March-May 2016 using questionnaire. Research findings show that perception of risk and psychology significantly affect confidence. Furthermore, confidence has a significantly positive impact on performance. This research has not been explained entirely towards the investor’s psychological behavior aspects, so the additional variable may be needed as the full reflection of investor’s psychology. The further research may use experimental study, starts from buying stocks, and factors that can be considered in selling stock.
Market efficiency and technical analysis during different market phases: further evidence from Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Nor Safwan , Wickremasinghe Guneratne
Published: August 2017

The profitability of simple technical trading rules remains an interesting topic and has been thoroughly explored in the literature. In this paper, the authors investigate the profitability of two popular moving average (MA) rules in the Bursa Malaysia before, during and after the global financial crisis (GFC) of 2008-2009. Using variable length MA (VMA) and fixed length MA (FMA) technical rules, the authors explore if there were differences in their performance during the different market phases, and if swing traders can gain by trading on the basis of these strategies. When practical trading constraints are considered, the authors find that MA rules performed differently during the three market phases. Over time, the forecasting powers of these rules have diluted and they have performed poorly in the most recent subsample. The findings suggest that the Malaysian stock market is gradually becoming more efficient. This outcome can be attributed to the technological advancements and widespread use of exchange traded funds.
The Influence of Waste of Pineapple’s Peel (Ananas Comosus (L) Merr) As The Source of Bromelain Enzyme to Increase Meat (Local Beef) Quality
Authors: Alawiyah Nur , Nirwana Ratih Rizqi , Tarwiyah Siti
Published: August 2017

The subjects of this research are waste of pinepple’s peel (Ananas Comosus (L) Merr) and local beef that were obtained from Jrakah traditional market, Ngaliyan-Semarang. The data technique analysis of this research is descriptive statistics. The result of this research shows that there is influence of waste of pineapple’s peel as source of bromelain enzyme to increase meat quality, especially tenderness. The higher the bromelain enzyme concentration used, the  more tender the meat, although will be may increase the score of cooking loss. The meat that is submerged with the highest concentration (40%) of bromelain enzyme solution has score of 0.6662 and 45% of cooking loss. The organoleptic quality identification of meat that is submerged with bromelain enzyme solution, generally is better than the control meat. The meat that is submerged with bromelain enzyme solution gives better appearance, flavor, juiceness, and tenderness than the control meat. © 2015 JNSMR UIN Walisongo. All rights reserved.
Hairy Root Cultures for the Production of Anti-cancer Naphthoquinone Compounds
Authors: Jeziorek Małgorzata , Sykłowska-Baranek Katarzyna , Pietrosiuk Agnieszka
Published: August 2017

Background:

Recent years have brought the dynamic development in studies of naphthoquinones
obtained from plants, in vitro cultures and semi- or total synthesis. This review presents the hairy
root cultures approach for producing naphthoquinones and summarizes their most recent anti-cancer investigations.

Objective: This review aimed to define biotechnological strategies impacted on naphthoquinones production
in hairy root cultures. Up to now the major source of shikonin/alkannin derivatives, rhinacanthins and
ramentaceone is isolation from plant material, also derived via biotechnological methods. Moreover, the
most recent anti-cancer activity studies on naphthoquinones which could be produced in hairy root cultures
were outlined.

Methods: For databases survey two selection criteria were used: (i) naphthoquinone could be produced in
hairy roots, and (ii) it exhibits anti-cancer properties.

Results: Ninety two papers were included in the review, thirty described biotechnological approaches
enhancing naphthoquinones production, among them twenty seven were dedicated to hairy root cultures.
Forty papers outlined the anti-cancer activity of targeted naphthoquinones including the type of cancer
and bioassays description. The synergistic effect of natural naphthoquinones and other anti-cancer therapies
was reviewed and toxicity of natural naphthoquinones and plant extracts was discussed. The review
highlights tendencies in hairy root investigations and indicates the possible future research directions for
improving biotechnological production efficacy.

Conclusion: This review demonstrates a great potential of hairy root cultures for naphthoquinones production,
which could be furtherly developed for future medical purposes, especially as anti-cancer agents.
This area of plant biotechnology will be surely still developed with traditional and new strategies.
Epigenetics of Virus-Induced Tumors: Perspectives for Therapeutic Targeting
Authors: Vinokurova Svetlana
Published: August 2017

About 15–20% of human cancers worldwide have viral etiology. Seven human DNA and RNA viruses
are accepted to be oncogenic viruses or oncoviruses and contribute to the development of various cancer types.
Human oncoviruses have developed multiple molecular mechanisms to interfere with specific cellular pathways
to promote viral replication and viral life cycle maintenance in the host. Despite the diversity of oncogenic viruses,
they use similar strategies for cancer development. Viral oncoproteins and viral non-coding RNAs are the
key factors that can affect multiple cellular processes on both genetic and epigenetic levels.

Epigenetics research allows better understanding of the complex interplay between oncoviruses and the host cells.
This review highlights the importance of epigenetic reprogramming for virus-induced carcinogenesis. Recent
progress in the development of pharmacological tools for targeting epigenetic mechanisms opens new perspectives
for modulation of virus/host interaction and intervention of virus-induced cancer. Several clinical trials have
been carried out or are on-going involving epigenetic drugs not only as single therapeutic but also in combination
with other targeted agents against various virus-induced cancers.
Bending Characteristics of a Post-Tensioned, Prestressed Concrete, Simply Supported Beam
Authors: Xiang Qingming , Yang Youliang , Su Jiaxuan , Yang Tianshu , Cheng Xuansheng
Published: August 2017

Introduction:

To analyze the basic, mechanical properties of post-tensioned, prestressed concrete, simply supported beams with grouting material of varied porosity under load, a finite element model is established by using ANSYS finite element software.

Methods:

The mid-span, cracking deflection and the equivalent stress of the prestressed, concrete beams with grouting material of varied porosity are calculated under different load forms.

Results and Conclusion:

The analysis results show that the cracking deflection of the prestressed, concrete beams increases with the increase in the porosity of the grouting material of the beams under different load forms. By contrast, under the same porosity grouting material, the cracking deflection of the symmetrical loads is larger than that of the uniform and concentrated loads. As the porosity of the grouting material increases, the peak value of equivalent stress decreases. The equivalent, stress-peak value of the concentrated load is always larger than the equivalent, stress-peak value under the uniform and symmetrical loads.
HIV Infection and Bone Abnormalities
Authors: Ahmad Aamir N. , Ahmad Shahid N. , Ahmad Nafees
Published: August 2017

More than 36 million people are living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection worldwide and 50% of them have access to antiretroviral therapy (ART). While recent advances in HIV therapy have reduced the viral load, restored CD4 T cell counts and decreased opportunistic infections, several bone-related abnormalities such as low bone mineral density (BMD), osteoporosis, osteopenia, osteomalacia and fractures have emerged in HIV-infected individuals. Of all classes of antiretroviral agents, HIV protease inhibitors used in ART combination showed a higher frequency of osteopenia, osteoporosis and low BMD in HIV-infected patients. Although the mechanisms of HIV and/or ART associated bone abnormalities are not known, it is believed that the damage is caused by a complex interaction of T lymphocytes with osteoclasts and osteoblasts, likely influenced by both HIV and ART. In addition, infection of osteoclasts and bone marrow stromal cells by HIV, including HIV Gp120 induced apoptosis of osteoblasts and release of proinflammatory cytokines have been implicated in impairment of bone development and maturation. Several of the newer antiretroviral agents currently used in ART combination, including the widely used tenofovir in different formulations show relative adverse effects on BMD. In this context, switching the HIV-regimen from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) to tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) showed improvement in BMD of HIV-infected patients. In addition, inclusion of integrase inhibitor in ART combination is associated with improved BMD in patients. Furthermore, supplementation of vitamin D and calcium with the initiation of ART may mitigate bone loss. Therefore, levels of vitamin D and calcium should be part of the evaluation of HIV-infected patients.
Outcome of Scapulothoracic Arthroscopy for Painful Snapping Scapula
Authors: Islam Saif Ul , Choudhry Muhammad Naghman , Akbar Sobia , Waseem Mohammad
Published: August 2017

Introduction:

Patients with scapulothoracic syndrome present with pain in the scapulothoracic area aggravated by overhead and repetitive shoulder movements. The aim of our study was to assess the outcome of scapulothoracic arthroscopic treatment in patients with painful snapping scapula in our institution.

Methods:

Fourteen patients underwent scapulothoracic arthroscopic treatment for painful snapping scapula. Pre-operatively, all these patients had a trial of conservative treatment modalities for at least 6 months.

Two portals along the medial border of scapula were used for arthroscopy and instrumentation. In three cases a superior portal was also used. The arm was placed in the “chicken wing” position so that the scapula lifted up from the chest wall. Outcome was assessed using pre and postoperative pain visual analogue score and Oxford Shoulder Score.

Results:

Of the fourteen patients included in our study, ten were female and four were male patients. Mean age at the time of surgery was 27.6 years. Mean follow up was 35.7 months. Pain visual analogue score improved significantly from a mean of 8.8 preoperatively to 2.5 postoperatively (P value 0.00002). There was also a significant improvement in Oxford Shoulder Score from a mean of 10.8 to 40.9 (P= 0.00001). Mean crepitus score significantly decreased from 2.6 to 0.21 (p < 0.00001). Crepitus completely resolved in eleven patients. In three there was residual palpable crepitus but they had good pain relief.

Conclusion:

Arthroscopic scapulothoracic treatment provides significant pain relief and functional improvement for painful snapping scapula symptoms not responding to non-surgical treatment modalities.
Composite Timber Panel Optimization for a New-type Cold-Formed Steel Shear Wall
Authors: He Jun , Li Jing , Xin Zhuoyang , Jiang Weian
Published: August 2017

Background and Methods:

This paper illustrates a research on the behavior of the composite timber panels used in a new-type cold-formed steel shear wall, when subjected to monotonic and reversed cyclic in-plane loading. The framing members of this new-type cold-formed steel shear wall are made of cold-formed steels. The inner timber frameworks, sheathed with veneer plywood, form the composite timber panels.

Objective:

In order to improve the lateral performance of the new-type cold-formed steel shear wall, two different optimized composite timber panels were proposed and tested, namely, increasing the thickness of the sheathings and the addition of steel X-bracings. The main objective of the study is to determine the quantification of the improvement in lateral performance of these two optimized composite timber panels.

Results and Conclusion:

Observed failure modes, structural performance parameters and the data of the strain gauges were given for each specimen, which indicates two optimized panels both have better lateral performance. But larger deformation and damage of the sheathings happened on the panels with steel X-bracings, so the panels with thick sheathings are more suitable and practical for normal use.
How Research Training Will Shape the Future of Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research
Authors: D'souza Rena N. , Colombo John S.
Published: August 2017

This is a critical time in the history of the dental profession for it to fully embrace the responsibility to safeguard its reputation as a learned profession. In this golden era of scientific and technological advances, opportunities abound to create new diagnostics, preventions, treatments, and cures to improve oral health. Dental schools are the largest national resource entrusted with the responsibility to educate, train, and retain oral health researchers who can leverage such technologies and research opportunities that will benefit the profession at large as well as patients. This article reemphasizes the theme that research training and scholarship must be inextricably woven into the environment and culture in dental schools to ensure the future standing of the profession. An overview of the history of support provided by the National Institutes of Health and National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research for the training and career development of dentist‐scientists is presented. In addition, new data on the outcomes of such investments are presented along with a comparison with other health professions. This overview underscores the need to expand the capacity of a well‐trained cadre of oral health researchers through the reengineering of training programs. Such strategies will best prepare future graduates for team science, clinical trials, and translational research as well as other emerging opportunities. The urgent need for national organizations like the American Dental Association, American Dental Education Association, and American Association for Dental Research to create new alliances and novel initiatives to assist dental schools and universities in fulfilling their research mission is emphasized. To ignore such calls for action is to disavow a valuable legacy inherited by the dental profession. This article was written as part of the project “Advancing Dental Education in the 21st Century.”
Impact of a Differential Learning Approach on Practical Exam Performance: A Controlled Study in a Preclinical Dental Course
Authors: Pabel Sven-Olav , Pabel Anne-Kathrin , Schmickler Jan , Schulz Xenia , Wiegand Annette
Published: August 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate if differential learning in a preclinical dental course impacted the performance of dental students in a practical exam (preparation of a gold partial crown) immediately after the training session and 20 weeks later compared to conventional learning. This controlled study was performed in a preclinical course in operative dentistry at a dental school in Germany. Third‐year students were trained in preparing gold partial crowns by using either the conventional learning (n=41) or the differential learning approach (n=32). The differential learning approach consisted of 20 movement exercises with a continuous change of movement execution during the learning session, while the conventional learning approach was mainly based on repetition, a methodological series of exercises, and correction of preparations during the training phase. Practical exams were performed immediately after the training session (T1) and 20 weeks later (T2, retention test). Preparations were rated by four independent and blinded examiners. At T1, no significant difference between the performance (exam passed) of the two groups was detected (conventional learning: 54.3%, differential learning: 68.0%). At T2, significantly more students passed the exam when trained by the differential learning approach (68.8%) than by the conventional learning approach (18.9%). Interrater reliability was moderate (Kappa: 0.57, T1) or substantial (Kappa: 0.67, T2), respectively. These results suggest that a differential learning approach can increase the manual skills of dental students.
Gentse handschriften met keukenrecepten van de 17de en 18de eeuw
Authors: Lievois Daniel
Published: August 2017

In het Nederlandse taalgebied bleven er maar een goed tiental handgeschreven kook- of receptenboeken van voor 1800 bewaard. Gent is onder dit opzicht uitzonderlijk bedeeld. De oudste drie manuscripten worden er bewaard. In deze bijdrage worden twee Gentse handschriften behandeld uit ca 1603 en tweede helft 18de eeuw.
Brieven als bronmateriaal: een Belgische soldaat schrijft naar zijn familie
Authors: Van Butsele André
Published: August 2017

De jongeman André Van Butsele schreef in de jaren na de Tweede Wereldoorlognaar zijn ouders en zijn zusje in het kleine stadje Ronse. Zijn brievenzijn optimistisch en concentreren zich rond het dagelijks leven.
Small is beautiful. Een speurtocht naar de allerkleinste gemeenten
Authors: De Wilde Karel
Published: August 2017

Gemeenten en gemeenteconfiguraties verschillen sterk van land tot land. In deze zoektocht naar de kleinste gemeenten en ste
Meneer Champetter? Titulatuur en aanzien, Meetjesland, 1850-1900
Authors: Bastiaen FIlip
Published: August 2017

Tijdens een onderzoek naar het wezen en de rol van de veldwachter in de Meetjeslandse dorpen in de 19de eeuw, viel een duidelijk verschil op in de gebruikte titulatuur voor deze functionaris en twee andere ambtelijke types met politiebevoegdheid: de politiecommissaris en de burgemeester. De veldwachter werd in de lokale berichtgeving in de 19de-eeuwse weekbladen niet als een heer (van stand) beschouwd, in tegenstelling tot de commissaris van politie en de burgemeester. Hij behoorde tot het gewone (als het ware anonieme) volk (vaak letterlijk, gezien ook zijn naam niet vermeld werd in de berichten), niet tot de burgerij of de notabelen. Dit heeft meer dan waarschijnlijk te maken met zijn praktische, uitvoerende en ondergeschikte rol. De bevolking was zich er terdege van bewust dat de veldwachter niet de eigenlijke politiemacht bezat. De pers - zelf eerder tot de burgerij of vooraanstaanden behorend - hielp zelf discrimineren door het gebruik van titels voor de ene, niet voor de andere. De veldwachter hoorde niet bij de club: niet bij de aloude, gevestigde (kapitaalkrachtige) waarden, noch bij de nieuwe (geletterde) waarden als onderwijzers, commissarissen, journalisten,. . . Het was misschien vooral deze laatste groep die de lijn trok. Jammer genoeg komen we niet te weten hoe het gewone volk de veldwachter bekeek.
Bloed en tranen: zelfmoord als realiteit en literaire fictie in Frankrijk (17de-18de eeuw)
Authors: Bruyer Tom
Published: August 2017

Suicidium werd in het 17de-eeuwse Frankrijk, zoals elders in Europa, als een van de ergst mogelijke zonden aanzien. Dit zware taboe blijkt echter niet te gelden op de theaterscene. Met name de ogenschijnlijk conformistische auteur Jean Racine wist de tragische dood van zijn Griekse en Romeinse protagonisten tot de verbeelding te laten spreken door het theatraal oproepen van de dreiging van zelfmoord. Dit bezit een tragisch potentieel dat hij ten volle kon uitwerken. Antieke modellen die de zelfdoding van de helden verheerlijken, werden op die manier subtiel aangepast aan de strenge ethische eisen van die tijd.
Van steekkar ... naar carhuur
Authors: Devriese Luc
Published: August 2017

Tot ergens in de jaren 50 van de vorige eeuw konden Gentenaars, die moestenverhuizen of iets zwaars vervoeren, op de Lievekaai achter het Gravensteen,aan een steekkar (stootkar) geraken om hun last met eigen duwkracht(of die van een sterke vriend of een domestiek . . . ) ter bestemming brengen.De karren werden ter beschikking gesteld door de Stad.
Van e oedden peirde meester. Ode an dr Plaetevoet
Authors: Osaer Herman
Published: August 2017

Een gedichtje is van de hand van de toenmalige dienstdoende pastoor van Roesbrugge, pater Declercq, gewezen missionaris. Die schreef 'westhoekpoesie' en andere literatuur onder het pseudoniem 'Djoos Uytendaele'.
Mensen & Dingen geflitst: Paardentrekkracht
Authors: Devriese Luc , Maes André
Published: August 2017

Rubriekje dat op regelmatige basis foto's wil reproduceren en becommentarierendie te maken hebben met het dagelijkse leven in het verleden, van gewonemensen in hun bezigheden.
Kardinaal Jozef Cardijn, stichter en bezieler van de KAJ en VKAJ
Authors: Vancraeynest Frea
Published: August 2017

Kardinaal Jozef Cardijn is een bekende religieuze figuur wiens roots terug te vinden zijn in Halle. Hij was de stichter en bezieler van de KAJ en de VKAJ en verder goed gekend in de gemeenschap door de organisatie van bedevaarten naar zowel Rome als Lourdes. Hij kwam op voor de arbeidersklasse en maakte er zijn levensdoel van om de arbeidersjeugd kansen te geven in het leven, de KAJ was geboren. Deze beweging was bekend over heel Vlaanderen, zo werd ze ook in Gent bekend, en verder verwierf ze ook internationale faam. Om deze unieke Hallenaar en zijn uitzonderlijke werk in de verf te zetten organiseert het Zuidwestbrabants Museum een tentoonstelling waarin het leven en werk van kardinaal Cardijn aan bod komen.
Verslag uitstap Geraardsbergen met de kantclub van de KBOV
Authors: Van Goethem Greta
Published: August 2017

De KBOV richtte op zaterdag 8 juni 2013 een uitstap naar Geraardsbergenin om daar de typische zwarte kant 'chantilly' te gaan bekijken. Hetbezoek aan het Chantillykantmuseum, in de Kollegestraat nr 26, waarook het Lucifermuseum, het Brouwerij museum, het Pijpenkabinet en hetSigarenmuseum tijdelijk zijn ondergebracht werd in goede banen geleiddoor mevrouw Ghislaine Moors.
Letterlijk de kop inslaan: oorsprong van de termen slachten, slachthuis, slagerij
Authors: Devriese Luc
Published: August 2017

We realiseren ons nauwelijks waar de term ‘slachten’ en zijn samenstellingen vandaan komen, terwijl het toch simpel is, evident: ze zijn gewoon afgeleid van de kop inslaan. We bekijken dat even aan de hand van een journalistiek ooggetuigenverslag van het slachthuisgebeuren anno 1902, toen schiettoestellen en verdoving nog niet gebruikelijk waren. Gewezen wordt op het belang van deze methode als basis van het onderscheid met ritueel slachten. Enkele voorbeelden illustreren het ‘slaan’ als slachtmethode in onze streken vanaf de Romeinse tijd tot en met de moderne variante met schiettoestellen en metalen pennen. Aan het slot van deze bijdrage wordt het historische gebruik van de termen vleeshouwer, beenhouwer, slager en slachter kort belicht.
Beenhouwers en charcutiers.
Authors: Devriese Luc
Published: August 2017

De term charcutier is afgeleid van het Oudfranse ‘char cuite’: gekookt vlees. Het was de beenhouwers in het Middellandse Zee gebied verboden te werken met gekookt vlees, een maatregel die in zekere mate hygiënisch zinvol was. Door koken wordt vlees geschikt gemaakt voor allerhande bereidingen en deze bereidingen werden het vakgebied bij uitstek van de charcutier. In onze streken verliep dat enigszins anders. Charcutier, varkensslager en spekslager werden ongeveer synoniem. In België echter verdwenen de termen spekslager en varkensslager uit het taalgebruik omdat deze slagers ook vlees van andere diersoorten verwerken. Ook heeft spek een te beperkte betekenis. Vermoedelijk speelde daarbij het uit de gratie vallen van vet in het voedsel eveneens een rol. Charcutier en charcuterie klinkt chiquer dan spekslager. In dit artikel wordt dit vooral aan de hand van de Gentse situatie geïllustreerd met een kort overzicht van de evolutie van de aantallen slagerijen met verschillende specialisaties in de 19de en de eerste helft van de 20ste eeuw.
Van charcuterie tot vleeswarenbedrijf. Vier generaties charcutiers De Groote, Gent
Authors: Brysse Adrien , Michels Maarten
Published: August 2017

Jozef De Groote (°1882-1968), zoon van een charcutier op de Poel in Gent,startte een charcuteriewinkel in de Brusselsepoortstraat. Volgt het relaas van de uitbouw tot vleeswarenbedrijf.