bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Printed Machine Tool for Micro Machining
Authors: Batke Christoph , Wurst Karl Heinz , Lechler Armin , Verl Alexander
Published: September 2014

Machine tools for micro machining are so far not adapted to work piece sizes and process forces. They feature hardly any modularity and do not allow reconfiguration in a significant process change. One possibility to adapt the machines is to produce them from plastic or composite materials through generative methods. This “printed” machine is a reconfigurable, monolithic module, in which drives are integrated. By a cooperative motion generation, larger workspaces can be realized while the installation spaces decreases. This gives the possibility to use alternative drive technologies for example piezo-drives. Based on these methods, two small generatively produced machine tools are designed. These machine tools use two different drive principles. The first machine tool is equipped with ball screw drives which are cost efficient and space saving. The second machine tool uses piezo-actuators, which are very dynamic in motion generation. Further has to be examined, which tolerances and rigidities are needed at critical points and which parts can be produced generatively and which in a conventional way.
3D Printing of Inorganic Sand Moulds for Casting Applications
Authors: Ramakrishnan Robert , Griebel Benjamin , Volk Wolfram , Günther Daniel , Günther Johannes
Published: September 2014

The paper at hand introduces a 3D printing (3DP) process for additive manufacturing of inorganically bound sand moulds. The fundamental differences to 3DP with organic binders (which is state of the art) are explained and the quality relevant process parameters of the inorganic process are introduced. Since the inorganic binder system is thermally activated during the printing process the main focus lies on the heating procedure. The properties of printed specimens are measured by the quality features fluid migration and strength for which novel methods of moulding sand testing are used. Results show that the identified process parameters have a significant influence on specimen properties. The interaction of the attributes fluid migration and strength are also shown. By understanding the relationship between process parameters and quality features the properties of printed inorganic sand moulds can be tailored to fit casting specific requirements.
Lean Production Systems in the Context of Social Trends: Job Satisfaction the Key Factor to Success
Authors: Stock Tim
Published: September 2014

Companies in Germany will have to face major challenges caused by current and future social trends. The shortage of labor and the importance of the work-life balance for employees will increase significantly. Thus, companies have to adapt to the demographic development as well as to the change in the personal values of individuals by implementing methods that enhance job satisfaction. This paper will analyze and examine the suitability of Lean Productions Systems for companies in Germany against the background of these future changes. It will be shown that the individual job satisfaction of employees within production systems is the key factor to success in order to meet the social trends. Therefore, a new approach for the design and operation of a people-centered production system will be described.
Scenario-Based Determination of Alternative Product Architecture Designs
Authors: Schuh Günther , Schiffer Michael , Ortlieb Casimir
Published: September 2014

Today many producing companies face two major challenges: they have to maintain a high degree of product differentiation whilst reducing costs through economies of scale. One way to face these challenges is the development of modular product architectures that allow to produce a number of product variants and product generations using one single architecture. The complexity for the product development has thereby increased since expected future changes in products have to be anticipated in the designing process to minimize modification costs. The more robust a product architecture is regarding future changes, the longer an architecture can be used which directly translates into economic advantages for the company. Most companies though struggle to apply the required processes and tools to develop scenario-robust product architectures for their portfolio. This paper aims at the presentation of a methodology to develop alternative, scenario-robust product architecture designs.
A Simulation Model for Analysis of Roll Tensioning of Circular Saw Blade
Authors: Heisel Uwe , Stehle Thomas , Ghassemi Hadi
Published: September 2014

Circular saw blades are very widespread in wood machining. They are used in different batches and sizes and in large quantities from hand tools to large machining centers. Because of this huge range of applications the circular saws have gained great importance in the industry. The rising request to improve the cutting quality, reduce the noise emission and increase the life time requires improvement measures for the dynamic behavior of the circular saw blade. The roll tensioning of the circular saw blade has been empirically established as an elegant solution to improve the static and dynamic properties of the circular saw blade. However, there are several influencing parameters for this process that have not yet been studied scientifically accurate. A scientific and economical solution for the study of various roll tensioning parameters is a simulation model based on finite elements method (FEM) that analyzes the effects on the dynamic behavior of circular saw blade. In this work, a simulation model for roll tensioning of circular saw blades is presented. With this simulation model, the residual stresses induced by the roll tensioning can be calculated. This is very relevant for the changing of dynamic properties of the circular saw blade, such as the shifting of eigenvalues and reduction of side run out. Furthermore, this simulation model allows the investigation of various roll tensioning parameters. This investigation helps to gain a better understanding of the relationship between roll tensioning and improvement of dynamic behavior of circular saw blades. Furthermore, it helps to find the optimization potential of the roll tensioning process which is one of the most important parts of the production line of circular saw blades.
Study on the Influence of Different Strut and Beam’s Stiffness on the Horizontal Force of the Tower Crane Supporting Structure
Authors: Li Bin , Deng Yun Hui , Tian Xin
Published: September 2014

Inner climbing tower crane supporting system itself is statically indeterminate structure. This paper would use the force method of structural mechanics to solve this kind of statically indeterminate problem. Through the MATLAB software, it can get the horizontal counterforce of the inner climbing tower crane supporting system diagram which about the cross sectional area of strut and moment of inertia of beam.
Insulation Systems and Green Sustainable Construction
Authors: Zhukov Alexey D. , Bobrova Yekaterina , Zelenshchikov Dmitriy , Mustafaev Ruslan , Khimich Anastasiya
Published: September 2014

Insulation systems: an insulation shell of building creates terms for energy saving, reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, natural environment preservation. And it is pressing question of modern construction. The concepts of green building take into account ecology and social protection in processes of work planning and performance, including energy saving.
Soil Grouting as Seismic Liquefaction Countermeasure
Authors: Pamuk Ahmet , Gallagher Patricia , Adalier Korhan
Published: September 2014

This paper presents a series of centrifuge tests studying the performance of colloidal silica grouted soil layers during permanent lateral ground deformations due to earthquake induced lateral spreading. Two centrifuge tests were conducted to study liquefaction resistance of liquefiable soil deposits stabilized with colloidal silica, and then the results were compared with the tests conducted on similar soil deposits without any soil remediation. The testing results on remediated soils showed excellent resistance against the liquefaction and associated lateral and vertical ground deformations.
Assessment of GHG Emission Reduction Performance for Certification Criteria of Korea Green Building Scheme (G-SEED) - Focusing on Materials and Resources Category -
Authors: Roh Seung Jun , Tae Sung Ho , Shin Sung Woo
Published: September 2014

The purpose of this study is to assess greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction performance among certification criteria constituting “materials and resources” category, as a part of study that configures weighted values of categories for the Korea Green Building Scheme (G-SEED). For this purpose, the subjects of assessment were classified into “reference apartment house” newly constructed without application of certification criteria and “assessed apartment house” newly constructed with reflection of certification criteria. In addition, direct and indirect GHG emission reduction performance of the assessed apartment house was assessed from life cycle perspective in comparison to the reference apartment house, reflecting the purpose of assessment according to certification criteria within the “materials and resources” category. As a result, GHG emission reduction performance of “displaying carbon emission of material” and “recycling” were deduced to be extremely excellent. GHG emission reduction performance of “flexibility” and “reducing food waste” ware analyzed to be relatively satisfactory. On one hand, GHG emission reduction performance of “appropriateness of measure to reduce furniture materials” and “use of eco-friendly products” ware assessed to be relatively insufficient.
Fast Transmission Schemes in Substation Automation System
Authors: Ke Yi Kuan
Published: September 2014

The main purpose of this paper is to study the communication protocol IEC61850 (Communication Networks and Systems in Substations) to develop of practical fast transmission modes in direct trip schemes, using communication functions to implement protection, control and condition monitoring functions under IEC61850 protocol to complete devices data integration in substation automation system. The way of direct trip schemes can provide fast communication speed to stable power system operation in case of suddenly events occasions. The messages interchange via GOOSE (Generic Object Oriented Substation Event) application is based on the IEC61850 communication protocol to implement fast direct trip modes. It is found that the interaction communication of direct trip schemes among various protective relays can be achieved by the IEC61850 protocol based on GOOSE application to approach system stabile operation under occasionally events.
Research on Anti-Windup Controller of Autonomous Navigation Vehicle Based on Improved Adaptive Filter
Authors: Zhang Yun , Zhao Dean , Zhang Jun , Liu Yun
Published: September 2014

This paper presents relevant methods on navigation accuracy improvement of agricultural vehicle focusing on positioning accuracy and control precision. An adaptive kalman filtering, combination of Sage_Husa adaptive filtering and strong tracking kalman filtering based on strict convergence criterion, is adopted to improve filtering accuracy with strong ability of adaptive filtering and restraining filter divergence. A new variable-structure switching method to prevent PID controller from integrator windup can effectively solve the integral saturation phenomenon, which adopts a kind of adaptive adjustment rate to adjust the integral term of PID control algorithm. Finally, this paper puts the improved adaptive filtering and anti-windup variable-structure PID control technique into combination to effectively restrain interference and integral saturation, so as to achieve the purpose of improving system stability and control precision. The simulation and experiment results show that methods described above greatly enhance the capabilities of restraining filtering divergence and improving control precision.
Testing of Mechanical Protection of Data Distribution Mechanisms
Authors: Hart Jan , Nídlová Veronika
Published: September 2014

The issue of damage to data distribution mechanisms is an overlooked theme today. However, it is very important to devote attention to this problem, since data distribution mechanisms are important carriers of diverse information. It is necessary to protect data distribution mechanisms, and armoured tubes are used for this purpose. Armoured tubes are used in particular where there is a danger of damage to data distribution mechanisms caused by mechanical strain. However, their use is not restricted only to protection against mechanical strain, but also includes protection of conductors against potential sabotage. They can very often be seen in massive or level crossing contacts. Testing of armoured tubes was performed due to the detection of potential deficiencies of such protection.
Augmented Reality Aided Control of Industrial Robots
Authors: Novak-Marcincin Jozef , Janak Miroslav , Novakova-Marcincinova Ludmila
Published: September 2014

This contribution presents the method of simultaneous control and creation of programming sequences for industrial robot with the use of interactivity achieved in the environment of augmented reality. Paper describes the experimental testing of proposed conception realized at the Faculty of Manufacturing Technologies in Presov of Technical University of Kosice (Slovakia) in the environment of experimental robotic workcell with the use of augmented reality tools. From the viewpoint of displaying units it consider the projection on half-silvered glass as well as using the head mounted display for virtual reality. Final part of the paper summarizes possible trends of further development in described area and also the possibilities of industrial applications.
Researches on the Chaotic Characteristics of Fluctuating Pressure in Slit-Type Energy Dissipater
Authors: Luo Bei Er , Wang Jun Xing , Zhang Ying Ying
Published: September 2014

On the basis of research on energy dissipation scheme of Changheba hydropower station in model tests, the chaotic characteristics of the fluctuating pressure in the slit-type contraction section were studied with the employment of chaotic theory. According to Takens’ embedding theorem, we performed a phase space reconstruction on the measured fluctuating series, where the optimal delay time was determined with the average mutual information (AMI) method, the optimal embedding dimension was determined with the averaged false nearest neighbor (AFN) method. Calculated from the testing results, the optimal delay time was ranging from 7 to 10 while the optimal embedding dimension was ranging from 12 to 14. With the optimal embedding parameters obtained, the correlation dimension D2 and the largest Lyaponov exponent λ1 was calculated, with the obtained D2 varying from 7.626 to 8.821 and λ1 varying from 0.091 to 0.302. Conclusively, the flow characteristics on the floor were more complex than those on the sidewall, while the flow structure exhibited no essential difference. Moreover, the distribution law of correlation dimension indicated that the effects of contraction on the flow around the floor were more remarkable; however, the calculated largest Lyapunov exponent could only be served as a qualitative indicator of a chaotic system, without any instruction to the degree of chaos.
Advanced Methods of Three Dimensional Data Obtaining for Virtual and Augmented Reality
Authors: Novak-Marcincin Jozef , Torok Jozef
Published: September 2014

Reverse engineering and spatial digitization became more popular recently. The popularity grows with the devices which are capable to scan the human figures, cars, parts of the buildings or even bigger objects in a single process. In general, scanning devices sometimes present disproportionate costs as the usual additional software often tops the half of the hardware price. Text of this paper is focused on the alternative device which can use very affordable software applications to generate the same results as the most expensive scanning equipment. Particular parts of this article briefly describe the principles of non-contact three dimensional scanning using the Kinect device, the process of data processing in alternative software applications and possibilities of their further utilization.
Research into Fatigue Crack Life Characteristics of Bellows Operated under High-Frequency Load
Authors: Figura Konstantin Nikolaevich , Yefremov Igor Mikhailovich , Lobanov Dmitry Viktorovich
Published: September 2014

The article considers the analysis of the bellows fatigue strength carried out using the Ansys software package. The results of the research into the fatigue crack life and fatigue safety factor of a bellow valve are given.The reliability evaluation of the bellow valve working under the high-frequency load has been given by the authors.
Effect of Wood Moisture Content in Edge Glued Panel Bonding for Furniture Industry: Analysis of Shear-Stress and Rupture in Bondline
Authors: de Araújo Ferraresi Felipe Assunção , Barbosa Juliana Cortez , de Campos Cristiane Inácio , Ferreira Bruno Santos , de Araujo Victor Almeida , Gava Maristela
Published: September 2014

The objective of this article was to study the influence of the Pinus taeda wood moisture content to the production of EGP (Edge Glued Panel) in the bonding stage, using PVA adhesive. It was analyzed the joint resistances through shear-stress tests and rupture in the bondline. The wood moisture classes adopted to the panels were: “A” ( [8%, 9%[ ), “B” ( [9%, 10%[ ), “C” ( [10%, 11%[ ), “D” ( [11%, 12%[ ) e “E” ( [12%, 13%[ ). After the panel production, it was sawn the specimens for the resistance shear in the bondline tests by traction. The tests results show that it was statistically significant differences to the values of rupture tensions between A class and B, C, D and E classes. The wood medium rupture presented a tendency to reduce with the moisture increase, and the total rupture in the bondline presented a small tendency of a less number of occurrences with the rupture tension increases.
Behavior of Recycled Material at Higher Temperature in Compression Test
Authors: Senkerik Vojtech , Stanek Michal , Manas David , Manas Miroslav , Skrobak Adam , Navratil Jan
Published: September 2014

This research paper deals with behavior of recycled material at higher temperature. Assessment of recycled material influence takes place on four kinds of thermoplastic materials, which are always high-heat polycarbonate (PC-HT) with different amount of recycled material (pure polycarbonate, polycarbonate with twenty percent of recycled material, polycarbonate with thirty percent of recycled material and hundred percent of recycled polycarbonate). Specimens were prepared by the mostly used technology for production products, which is injection molding. Each kind of material is one by one loaded by high temperature 110°C and consequently tested. This temperature was chosen because we encounter products made with recycled material additive, which can be used at elevated temperatures. To determine behavior of recycled material at this high temperature, one basic mechanic material tests is used. This test is normalized compression test.
Effect of Linear Sliding Speed on Wear Behavior of Al2O3/TiC Ceramic Composite and Diamond Slicing Blade
Authors: Penglao Witsarut , Tachai Luangvaranunt , Lohwongwatana Boonrat
Published: September 2014

Pin-on-disk technique was used as a tool to study the tribological properties of contacting surfaces of alumina-titanium carbide composite material and diamond slicing blade. Conditions for testing are linear sliding speed between 0.2 and 0.4 m/s under applied load of 10 N and sliding distance up to 5000 m. The physical properties of both specimens which are mass loss, surface roughness and morphology of worn surface are investigated. The effect of linear sliding speed is analyzed in term of friction coefficient, surface roughness, and specific wear rate. It was found that, at initial state of wear, when sliding distant is less than 1000 m, the wear is severe, as seen by high values of specific wear rate and large fluctuation of friction coefficient. Worn surface of AlTiC is rougher than as-received condition. For a longer sliding distant, milder abrasion is found, as seen by the lower specific wear rate, and less fluctuation of friction coefficient, which produces worn AlTiC surface which is smoother than the as-received condition.
Study of Weld Hardness of Pipes at Elevated Temperature Application in Power Plants
Authors: Sarwar Muhammad , bin Abd Majid Mohd Amin
Published: September 2014

Weld hardness has close relationship with creep strength and ductility of the welded structures. Hence it is important for any weld to achieve certain level of weld hardness. This study aims at identifying the parameters that affect the quality of weld in achieving the required weld quality in terms of hardness and to establish the relationship between different factors that affect the weld hardness. The focus is to study and explore the welding input parameters for the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) of elevated temperature piping used in power plants and to predict the weld hardness on construction sites. The Design of Experiment (DoE) is used in analyzing the related parameters. The data generated through experiments has been validated for the hardness based on input process parameters (welding current, welding voltage, travel speed, welding rod diameter). The findings from the study revealed that the most important factor influencing the hardness of creep-strength enhanced ferritic (CSEF) material welds is the voltage while other factors have minimum or the least influence for the studied ranges and factors.
Cutting Ceramic Materials: Influence of Abrasive Machining and Coating Deposition on the Performance Potential
Authors: Grigoriev Sergey Nikolaevich , Volosova Marina , Melnik Yury Andreevich , Cherkasova Natalia , Gurkina Alina
Published: September 2014

Ceramic cutting tools have a large potential by high speed processing of difficult-to-cut steels and alloys, however due to its fragility they don’t assure the required reliability level of cutting process. For improving the operational characteristics of the ceramic cutting tool combined treatment can be used namely the preliminary planetary grinding of the insert surface and the following deposition of the vacuum-plasma coatings (TiCr)N, (ZrCrHf)N and other.
Thermo Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication with Liquid-Solid Lubricant
Authors: Wongseedakaew Khanittha , Panichakorn Jesda
Published: September 2014

This paper presents the performance characteristics of thermo-elastohydrodynamic lubrication (TEHL) in line contact with non-Newtonian liquid–solid lubricant. The time independent Reynolds equation, energy equation, elastic equation and load carrying with solid particle equation were formulated for compressible fluid. Newton-Raphson method and multigrid technique were implemented to obtain film thickness, film pressure, film temperature, friction coefficient and load carrying with solid particle equation in the contact region at various concentrations of solid lubricant and applied loads. The simulation results showed that film thickness and film temperature increase but film pressure decreases when solid particles are added into liquid lubricant. The maximum film temperature and load carrying of solid particle increased but friction coefficient decreased when concentration of solid particle increased. For increasing applied loads, the minimum film thickness decreases but maximum film temperature and friction coefficient increase for all liquid lubricant and liquid-solid lubricants.
Finite Element Analysis of the Fine Blanking Process for Seat Recliner Plate Holder of Recreation Vehicle
Authors: Kim Jong Deok , Heo Young Moo
Published: September 2014

In this paper, the finite element analysis (FEA) of the fine blanking process was conducted for the seat recliner plate holder of recreation vehicle. Because the plate holder was a complex part with the various dimple shapes, it was formed and blanked with a three-station progressive fine blanking tool. The fine blanking tool was optimally designed, manufactured and performed the fine blanking experiments. The shear surface of the outer contour, the stress and strain of the part, and the loads of the tool elements were estimated by the results of the fine blanking simulation. Because the plate holder samples from fine blanking experiments had the good accuracy of the dimples’ position and dimension, it would be noticed the fine blanking simulation was conducted without error.
Influence of Rate of Heating to Aging Temperature on Precipitation Hardening in a Metastable β Titanium Alloy
Authors: Pande Ashwary , Sainis Salil , Rajaraman Santhosh , Manivasagam Geetha , Muktinutalapati Nageswara Rao
Published: September 2014

A comparison between slow heating to aging temperature and direct charging at aging temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties obtained after the aging was established for the metastable beta (β) titanium alloy Ti-15V-3Cr-3Al-3Sn. The alloy was subjected to two single aging (SA) and two duplex aging (DA) conditions, with two heating rates to aging temperature: (i) low heating rate of 5 oC/min (ii) direct charging into a furnace heated to aging temperature. The microstructure analysis was carried out using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy. Mechanical Testing was carried to evaluate Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS), 0.2% Yield Strength (YS), % Elongation (%El.), % Reduction in area (%RA) and hardness. In the case of SA samples aged at 500 °C for 8 h and 500 °C for 10 h, heating rate of 5 °C/min to aging temperature resulted in a finer microstructure but did not help in achieving better strength-ductility combination compared to direct charging. Lower rate of heating allows enough dwell time in the temperature range 250-300 oC for pre-precipitation reaction to occur which aids in fine scale precipitation of alpha phase during aging. In the case of DA samples aged at 250 oC for 24 h followed by 500 oC for 8 h and 300 oC for 10 h followed by 500 oC for 10 h, no tangible difference between lower rate of heating and direct charging was observed in mechanical properties or microstructure. This is believed to be due to the pre-aging steps 250 oC/24 h or 300 oC/10h in the two DA treatments, which create finely distributed precursors thereby leaving no scope for the heating rate to play a role.
Sterilization of Oil Palm Fruits by Microwave Heating for Replacing Steam Treatment in Palm Oil Mill Process
Authors: Nokkaew Rayakorn , Punsuvon Vittaya
Published: September 2014

This research studies on the effects of microwave heating of oil palm fruits for the sterilization. The conventional uses steam heating for sterilization of oil palm fruit brunches. The sterilization is requires as a pretreatment to deactivate enzymes that increase the free fatty acid content (FFA) before oil extraction. The conventional treatment of sterilization produces the large amount of waste water from the palm oil mill process. So, microwave heating is used in this research for solving this problem and improving of crude palm oil quality. In experiment, the oil palm fruits were heated for 1-5 min after that oil was extracted by solvent extraction. Oil content (OC), Moisture content (MC), Deterioration Of Bleachability Index (DOBI), carotene content (CC) and FFA were investigated. The optimum condition was 850W for 2 min of heating time. The chemical properties were 84.14% of OC, 8.49% of MC in mesocarp, 2.36 of DOBI, 882.55 ppm of CC and 3.40% of FFA. Fronm the results of chemical properties indicated that microwave heating is good technique for sterilization of palm oil fruits when compared with steam treatment.
Comparison Study of Oxidation Behavior of Copper at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Lee Jin Seok , Jang Bo Yun , Kim Joon Soo , Ahn Young Soo , Kang Gi Hwan , Wang Jei Pil
Published: September 2014

The oxidation rate of pure copper was measured for 48 hours over the temperature range of 500°C to 700°C using thermogravimetric apparatus by means of continuous and discontinuous oxidation methods. It was found that weigh-gained of both samples was found to be increased with increasing temperature and rate laws were determined to be parabolic and linear rate law each other. The comparison of oxidation rate of copper was shown to be higher in discontinuous that in continuous process due to direct oxidation through the oxide scale and copper substrate.
Effect of ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized by Precipitation Method on Cure Characteristics and Morphology of EPDM Foam
Authors: Suntako Rudeerat
Published: September 2014

ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by precipitation method using zinc nitrate tetrahydrate and sodium hydroxide as starting materials. ZnO nanoparticles synthesized exhibited a crystalline structure with hexagonal structure. The average primary size of ZnO synthesized around 22.71 nm and the specific surface area around 28.17 m2/g. EPDM foam used oxy-bis benzene sulfonylhydrazide (OBSH) as blowing agent and ZnO nanoparticles synthesized as activator of sulphur vulcanization. The effect of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized compared with conventional ZnO on cure characteristics and morphology of EPDM foam were investigated. The result showed that the maximum torque (MH) increased, optimum cure time (t90) and scorch time (T5) decreased with increasing ZnO nanoparticles synthesized loading. The cell structure of EPDM foam was spherulite and smaller when increased ZnO nanoparticles synthesized loading. The compressive load value increased with increasing ZnO nanoparticles synthesized loading which may be attributed to thickness of the cell wall and hardness increased. ZnO nanoparticles synthesized could be reduced successfully from 5 to 3 phr (40%) for EPDM foam.
Multilayer Medium Density Particleboard Using Castor Oil-Based Polyurethane Resin and Hevea Brasiliensis Wood
Authors: Muzel Sarah David , de Lima Larissa Ribas , Gava Maristela , Garcia José Nivaldo , Barbosa Juliana Cortez , Ferreira Bruno Santos
Published: September 2014

This work aimed to study the feasibility of using castor oil-based polyurethane (PU) resin, and rubberwood for the production of particleboards. Multilayer panels were produced using particles taken from RRIM 600 and GT1 clones of Hevea brasiliensis trees. Urea-formaldehyde (UF) and PU were used for bonding the particles. Physico-mechanical characterization was done according to the specifications of the European standards for wood-based panels. The average results were compared to values pre-established by the EN 312/2003 technical standard as well as between the above mentioned treatments. The results indicated that the use of PU and rubberwood has a great potential for particleboards production. The use of PU favors the production of boards with improved physical-mechanical characteristics.
Corrosion of Inconel 625 at 600-800°C in N2/H2O/H2S Atmospheres
Authors: Kim Min Jung , Lee Dong Bok
Published: September 2014

Ni-base Inconel 625 alloys with a composition of 58.9Ni-22Cr-9Mo-5Fe 3.5Nb-0.4Si-0.4Mn-0.4Al-0.4Ti (wt.%) corroded at 600, 700 and 800 °C for up to 30 h in 1 atm of N2/H2O/H2S-mixed gases. They corroded fast owing to the formation of sulfides and the presence of hydrogen and water vapor in the gas. Triple layered scales formed. Nickel corroded to NiS to form the outer NiS layer, where Fe was dissolved. Chromium corroded to Cr-sulfides to form the middle layer. Other alloying elements such as Mo, Nb, Si, Mn, Al, and Ti corroded to form the inner layer that consisted primarily of intermixed sulfides and oxides. Since sulfides were present throughout the scale and hydrogen made the scale porous and fragile, Inconel 625 was nonprotective during high-temperature corrosion in N2/H2O/H2S gases.
Study of Degradation of Fiber - Cement Plates with Different Types of Non - Metalic Fibers
Authors: Kostelecká Michaela , Kolisko Jiří
Published: September 2014

The paper describes the series of tests of fiber – cement plates. The first part is focused on determining the values of tensile bending strength for plates subjected to freeze – thaw cycle. The second part is focused of the influence of putting the plates into hot water on bending strength. The third part is described the procedure of monitoring the saturation – desiccation on bending strength.
3-Dimensional Porosity in Electroless Ni-YSZ Composite Coating
Authors: Baba Nor Bahiyah , Lamshah Mohamad Amir Harunsyam , Mohd Amin Mohamad Asyraf
Published: September 2014

The paper discussed on a 3-dimensional porosity network in electroless nickel (Ni) - yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) composite coating. The important characteristics of Ni-YSZ composite such as high ceramic YSZ incorporation and adequate porosity up to 40 vol.% are used as the main parameters. The arrangement of the porosity that give a 3-dimensional porosity network within the composite was design in Pro-Engineer Wildfire 3.0 software. Three structures of 3-dimensional porosity network were used namely honeycomb, atomic sphere and rhombic dodecahedra. The calculated area and volume of one unit porosity, consequently the number of porosity were compared between the three structures. These were supported by the porosity in the electroless Ni-YSZ composite coating obtained experimentally. Two batches were produced, EN-YSZ and EN-YSZ-G representing samples without and with pore former respectively. The two batch samples were investigated and compared. The addition of graphite pore former was burnt out completely and left porosity in the coating.
Evaluations of Performance and Thermal Properties in Porous Asphalt Concrete Containing Steel Slag
Authors: Kusumawardani Dana Mutiara , Lin Jyh Dong
Published: September 2014

In this study, porous asphalt concrete (PAC) containing different levels of steel slag are constructed to evaluate the performance and the thermal properties of the pavement. There will be two types of steel slag used in this study, they are Baosteel's Slag Short Flow (BSSF) slag and blast oxygen furnace (BOF) slag. The previous research proved that using steel slag as aggregate can improve the performance of asphalt pavement. However, steel slag is able to store heat so that using steel slag as aggregates will affect the thermal properties of the pavement. The goal of this studies is to find the optimum percentage of steel slag as subtitutes for coarse aggregates in porous asphalt based on performance and thermal properties.
Determination of OSB Wood Composites with Resin Derived from a Renewable Natural Resource
Authors: de Souza Amós Magalhães , Varanda Luciano Donizeti , Ferro Fabiane Salles , Dias Fabrício Moura , Christoforo André Luis , Rocco Lahr Francisco Antonio
Published: September 2014

OSB (Oriented Strand Board) is the most important development in the industry of wood products in recent years. However, mainly for reasons of cost industries use as adhesive resins that emit formaldehyde. Formaldehyde is considered a hazardous substance and its concentration indoors is restricted in many countries because of its reactivity, toxicity and pungent odor. This study aimed to attest the thickness swelling of the OSB manufactured from resin with part of your component derived renewable resource (castor oil-based polyurethane) and Pinus sp. The panels were produced technically evaluated by determining the thickness swelling property. In comparison to the minimum requirements of the European normative document EN 300 (2006), average values met the requirements for use of the panels and components for general use in dry environment (OSB/1).
Contribution of Electrostriction in Polyurethane/Polyaniline Blends
Authors: Jaaoh Darika , Putson Chatchai , Muensit Nantakan
Published: September 2014

In this work, we present a series of electrostrictive polymer blend that can potentially be used as actuators for a variety of applications. This polymer blend combines an electrostrictive polyurethane with a conductivity polyaniline polymer. The effect of filler content has been investigated. The structures of the blends, the electrical and mechanical properties which affect electrostrictive behavior were studied. The results showed that both dielectric constant and glass transition temperature of the blends increase with increasing polyaniline contents. Moreover, it was noted that space charges distribution and hard-segment domain formation significantly related with electrostrictive coefficient of polymer blend. Therefore, electrostriction behavior in the polymer blends has been demonstrated, and optimal microstructure for electrostriction enhancement has been identified.
Phase Field Simulations of Dendritic Crystal Growth with Focus on the Computational Efficiency
Authors: Ferreira Alexandre Furtado , de Castro José Adilson
Published: September 2014

In this study, we present a numerical technique for the improvement of computational efficiency for computation of microstructural evolution in alloy during solidification process. The goal of this technique is for the computational domain to grow around the microstructure and fixed the grid spacing, while solidification advances into the liquid region. The growth around the microstructure is controlled according with the solute diffusivity for binary alloy in the liquid region. The computation showed that the microstructure with well-developed secondary arms can be obtained with low computation time and moderate memory demand.
Research on Selective Reduction of Laterite Nickel Ore by CO2/H2 Mixed Gas
Authors: Chen Song , Guo Shu Qiang , Xu Yu Ling , Jiang Lan , Ding Wei Zhong
Published: September 2014

In this paper, thermodynamic analysis on reduction of lateritic nickel ore by CO2/H2 mixed gas was performed based on activity theory. Effects of CO2/H2 ratio and temperature on selective reduction of laterite ore were investigated. The calculation result shows that the metallization of Fe and Ni could be promoted by each other because of the variation of the Fe and Ni activity, which accounts for the inescapability of Fe metallization. When laterite nickel ore was reduced by mixed gas with a CO2/H2 ratio of 9/1 and a gas flow of 100mL/min at 800°C for 1h, a product with a Ni metallization rate over 95% and a Ni/Fe ratio as much as 2.6 was prepared.
Hyperpressed Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate Structure
Authors: Petropavlovskaya Victoriya , Buryanov Аleksandr F. , Novichenkova Tatiana B.
Published: September 2014

In article the method of formation of structure of disperse systems on a basis of calcium sulfate dihydrate is described. It is based on various concentration of a solution at a surface of particles of the various size. As raw materials it was used calcium sulfate dihydrate − a withdrawal of ceramic manufacture. The picked up structure of particles in the sizes was applied. For acknowledgement of the offered method following researches have been carried out on: solubilities of powders, to deformations of a raw mix, durability of structure. The way of reception of gypsum products allows to simplify technology. Energy expenses decrease. Burning is excluded and the grinding is reduced.
On Pretreatment Experimental Study of Yunnan Phosphorus Building Gypsum
Authors: Han Song , Zhao Zhi Man , Cheng Yao Hua , Liu Yu Cheng , Quan Si Cheng
Published: September 2014

This paper studied effect of different pretreatment process on Yunnan phosphorus building gypsum strength and crystal morphology such as washing method, lime neutralization method, flotation method and Hans method. A lots experiment result indicated that basic properties of phosphorus building gypsum of different pretreatment methods could satisfy related building materials products technology requirements. While inorganic impurities could be effectively removed by lime neutralization method and washing method, as well as organics could be better removed by flotation method, however, compared with other methods, the Hans method possessed the best effect about removing soluble phosphorus, fluorine and organic compounds in phosphogypsum , and had other benefit such as low cost, easy operated and high strength.
Experimental Research of New Tram Track Construction Operating Fatigue Capacity
Authors: Benin Andrey , Dudkin Evgenii P. , Paraskkevopulo I.G.
Published: September 2014

The results of dynamical fatigue testing of natural tram track fragment are presented. The fibrous concrete (foundation) was used in track superstructure, the rubber pads “PREFArails” were used for noise and vibration reduction. The cycle testing results analysis demonstrated that “PREFArail” pads ensure the overall structure operability over not less than 25 years without repair. The recommendations for pads and fibrous concrete foundation use on tram tracks in Saint-Petersburg were given.
Vertical Anchor Bolt Performance Finite Element Analysis of Modular Road Slab
Authors: Park Soo Bong , Kim Woo Seok , Song Jae Joon , Lee Sang Yoon , Jeoung Chan
Published: September 2014

This study analysis abroad developed modular road system, will develop. First, two types depending on the boundary conditions of the preliminary models were selected. Then displacement and internal force were investigated. Based on this result, the model is developed for the various parameters detailed study. As a result, displacement shown by a constant value for various parameters. Also internal force was confirmed that sensitively.
Finite Element Analysis of Reinforce RC Beams Considering Loading History with Pre-Stressed CFRP Sheets
Authors: Liu Xian Peng , Guo Chang
Published: September 2014

Reinforcement of beams and plates in high-pile wharf is important measures to ensure the safe operation of the old pier. Performance of prestressed CFRP plate reinforced concrete beam was carried out finite element calculation and analyzed in secondary load conditions use of the cell death technology and load multi-step control, various parameters impact analysis was performed. The results were showed that the bearing capacity of RC beams reinforced and stiffness were improved greatly; Ultimate bearing capacity of RC beams were strengthened by unstressed condition, compared with decline in the secondary load conditions and stiffness did not change significantly; CFRP plate reinforcement should give full play to the role of being the initial cracking reinforcement in the beam in the same reinforced conditions.
Coherence of Fluctuating Wind Speed and Along-Wind Force Power Spectrum of Tall Building
Authors: Kim Yong Chul , Yoon Sung Won
Published: September 2014

In evaluating wind load effects on large-scale structures, correlations in the frequency domain (i.e., coherences) and power spectra of fluctuating wind speed should be evaluated in advance. Most existing formulas for coherence are expressed as exponential functions based on field measurement data for ease of mathematical treatment. However, these simple mathematical expressions have many limitations. In the present study, after examining the existing coherence formulas, a semi-theoretical formula was proposed, and the corresponding along-wind force power spectrum of a tall building with a square cross-section was numerically calculated. A comparison showed that both the coherence and along-wind power spectrum were in good agreement with those of actual wind tunnel data.
Weight-in-Motion-Based Ambient Truck Characteristic Identification in Highway Bridges
Authors: Seo Jun Won , Hu Jong Wan
Published: September 2014

Ambient truck classification and weight data have been used in numerous transportation applications, focusing on highway safety. Specifically, ambient truck characteristics identified from Weight-In-Motion (WIM) data obtained from vehicle weigh stations have been considered to be likely candidates to better understand structural response of highway bridges to live-load events. This paper provides a framework to explicitly identify WIM-based ambient truck characteristics specific to highway bridges of interest. As an application of the framework, a highway steel I-girder bridge in the United States was selected and a network of strain sensors was installed on the bridge deck. Multiple strain time history data sets resulting from ambient trucks were measured and evaluated via a structural health monitoring (SHM) system with strain sensors. Each set of strain data representing a single truck, which cross the bridge, was used to identify its features, such as axle numbers and spacings. WIM trucks specific to each set were also characterized by examining the monitored strain time history patterns. These patterns make it possible to the identification of ambient WIM truck configurations. WIM data were obtained from weigh stations located adjacent the bridge. It is anticipated that this work will result in the creation of ambient truck pools on a specific bridge. Their pools will be used as live load inputs in the bridge model to investigate the structural behavior and to evaluate the bridge health conditions..
Evaluation of Noise Characteristics of Drainage and Water Supply Systems in Apartment Bathrooms
Authors: Yeon Jun Oh , Kim Kyoung Woo , Yang Kwan Seop , Lee Byung Kwon
Published: September 2014

We have developed a low-noise drainage system, which was installed in bathrooms of apartment building units as well as in a mock-up test building, to evaluate the noise level in order to reduce the noise produced in the bathrooms of multiunit dwellings. The drainage system installed in the mock-up building consists of six types of detachable drains, and the level of noise produced during toilet use in the upper unit was measured in the lower unit. The measurement results showed that low-noise drainage 4 exhibited the Leq (equivalent continuous sound level) at 34.7 dB(A). The noise measurement results of various types of low-noise drains installed in an apartment building showed that the Leq during toilet use was 46.7 dB(A) on average, and the Leq during sink use was 40.5 dB(A) on average.
Numerical Analysis of Elastic Rod Boundary Conditions
Authors: Qian Xi Ying , Liu Zhao , Qu Jia Le
Published: September 2014

Based on Kirchhoff kinetic analogy method, kinetic theory of classical mechanics is used for statics of Elastic rod. DNA is a superfine long Elastic Rod. It will be unstable in the calculation process, Explore the use of fourth-order bvp for Elastic rod’s simulation problems, and give the corresponding numerical analysis. Establish the solving equations of describing DNA Elastic rod, and use computer to give numerical analysis and simulation, it also provides a new method for the subsequent study of DNA Elastic rods, etc.
Single Channel Control Simulation Used on Servo Control
Authors: Zhou Hong Cheng , Chen Cun Bao
Published: September 2014

Based on analysis for characteristic of the motion configuration, the control strategy and control law used on the motion control system are presented. The controller in velocity tracking loop and location loop are respectively designed by frequency correcting method and normal control method which belongs to classical control theory. The problem of location control loop low velocity creeping is solved. A simulating experimentation demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Study on Properties of Hard Twist Cotton Yarn
Authors: Cui Rui Fang , Li Xiang Hong
Published: September 2014

Ring-spun cotton yarn and rotor-spun yarn with hard twist factor were manufactured. It shows that yarn breaking strength varies slightly with twist factor, either ring-spun yarn or rotor-spun yarn. Twist factor has little effect on yarn breaking elongation. Yarn number has effect on yarn hairiness for ring-spun yarn and rotor-spun yarn. Coarser yarn has more hairiness than fine yarn. Ring-spun yarn hairiness is higher than rotor-spun yarn. Twist factor has some effect on coarse yarn uniformity while it affects fine yarn uniformity slightly. Ring-spun yarn has higher strength than rotor-spun yarn. Rotor-spun yarn has less elongation and less hairiness than ring-spun yarn and its uniformity is better.