bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sociodemographic, psychosocial and physical health correlates of common mental disorder symptoms among mothers in Trinidad and Tobago: Examining ethnic variations
Authors: Krishnakumar Ambika , Narine Lutchmie , Roopnarine Jaipaul L. , Logie Carol
Published: August 2016

Historical and cultural experiences have shaped the life experiences of cultural communities in Trinidad and Tobago. Using a cultural focus, the goal of this investigation was to examine ethnic variations both in the prevalence of common mental disorder (CMD) symptoms as well as in the associations between sociodemographic, psychosocial, physical health correlates and CMDs among mothers in Trinidad and Tobago. Participants included 1002 mothers (359 African‐, 353 Indo‐ and 290 Mixed‐Ethnic Trinidadian). Mean comparisons indicated similarities in the levels of depression, somatisation and anxiety across ethnic groups. The associations between physical ill health, experiences of pain and depression and between physical ill health and somatisation were stronger for Mixed‐Ethnic Trinidadian than Indo‐Trinidadian mothers. The relationship between early experiences of domestic violence and depression was stronger for Indo‐Trinidadian than Mixed‐Ethnic Trinidadian mothers. The associations between early experiences of domestic violence and depression and between experiences of pain and somatisation were stronger for African Trinidadian than Mixed‐Ethnic Trinidadian mothers. Thus beyond the direct effects, mothers belonging to specific ethnic groups indicated greater or lesser vulnerabilities to CMDs depending on their exposure to specific correlates. Results have applicability for the development of culturally sensitive interventions for mothers experiencing CMDs.
Telomere length‐related gene ACYP2 polymorphism is associated with the risk of HAPE in Chinese Han population
Authors: He Yongjun , Zhang Xiyang , Li Xun , Du Jieli , He Xue , Zhang Zhiying , Zhang Yuan , Kang Longli , Jin Tianbo , Yuan Dongya
Published: August 2016

Background

High altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a type of pneumonedema that mostly occurs under conditions such as high altitude, rapid ascent and hypoxia, amongst others. The ACYP2 polymorphism is suggested to be associated with mean telomere length, and telomere length is significantly longer at a moderate attitude than at sea‐level or at simulated high attitude. The present study aimed to determine whethher there is any association between ACYP2 polymorphism and the risk of HAPE.

Methods

A total of 265 patients and 303 healthy controls were enrolled in our case‐control study. Six SNPs were selected and genotyped using the Sequenom MassARRAY method. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated by unconditional logistic regression with adjustment for gender and age.

Results

Using chi‐squared tests, we found that the minor allele G of rs11896604 is significantly associated with a decreased risk of HAPE [odds ratio (OR) = 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.65–1.16, p = 0.048]. We also found that the ‘A/A’ genotype of rs12615793 is associated with a decreased risk of HAPE based on the recessive model (OR =0.28; 95% CI = 0.09–0.88; p = 0.017). Additionally, the ‘G/G’ genotype of rs11896604 was found to be associated with a decreased risk of HAPE based on the codominant model (OR =0.26; 95% CI = 0.08–0.79; p = 0.025) and recessive model (OR =0.25; 95% CI = 0.08–0.77; p = 0.007). However, only rs11896604 remained significant after Bonferroni correction (p < 0.0083).

Conclusions

The present study found that the ACYP2 gene polymorphism significantly decreased the risk of HAPE. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic variation of MMP‐2(‐735 C>T) and MMP‐9(‐1562 C>T) gene in risk of development of HAND and severity of HAND
Authors: Singh HariOm , Marathe Shruti D. , Nema Vijay , Ghate Manisha V. , Gangakhedkar Raman R.
Published: August 2016

Background

Astrocytes are susceptible to HIV‐1 infection. Neurocognitive dysfunction has also been associated with the toxicity of certain antiretroviral drugs. HIV‐1 induced neurological toxicity has been associated with deficiency of matrix metalloproteinases. Therefore, we evaluated the association of MMP‐2(−735C > T) and MMP‐9(−1562C > T) polymorphisms with respect to the susceptibility of developing HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and its severity.

Methods

We enrolled 50 HIV‐infected individuals with HAND, 130 without HAND and 150 unrelated healthy controls. Polymorphism for MMP‐2‐735C > T and MMP‐9‐1562C > T genes was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism.

Results

Individuals with the MMP‐2 ‐735 CT genotype and ‐735 T allele were at higher risk of developing HAND [odds ratio (OR) = 5.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.30–21.35, p = 0.02 and OR = 2.27, 95% CI = 1.57–3.27, p = 0.0001 respectively]. The MMP‐2 ‐735 CT genotype and −735 T allele of MMP‐2 were associated with a reduced likelihood of severe HAND (OR =0.32, 95% CI = 0.15–0.66, p = 0.002 and OR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.14–0.71, p = 0.005). When evaluating gene–gene interaction models, the combined genotype MMP‐2‐735TT + MMP‐9‐1562CC and MMP‐2‐735CT + MMP‐9‐1562CT was associated with the risk of developing HAND (OR = 4.84, p = 0.0001, OR = 1.81, p = 0.03). However, individuals with the combined genotype of MMP‐2‐735TT + MMP‐9‐1562CC were found to be protective for severe HAND (OR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.13–0.67, p = 0.003).

Conclusions

Individuals with the MMP‐2 ‐735CT genotype, −735 T allele and combined genotype MMP‐2 ‐735TT + MMP‐9 ‐1562CC had an enhanced risk of developing HAND. Those with the MMP‐2 ‐735 CT genotype, −735 T allele and combined genotype of MMP‐2‐735TT + MMP‐9‐1562CC were suggested to have protection from developing severe HAND.
Police officers' use of evidence to elicit admissions in a fictitious criminal case
Authors: Tekin Serra , Granhag Pär Anders , Strömwall Leif A. , Vrij Aldert
Published: August 2016

We examined how police officers planned to interview suspects in a situation where they lacked information about a critical phase of a crime (i.e., the time during which the crime took place) but possessed information about less critical phases of the crime (i.e., the time before and/or after the crime took place). The main focus was the officers' planned use of the available information (evidence) to elicit admissions about the critical phase. A survey was distributed to police officers (n = 69) containing a fictitious murder case for which they were to prepare an interview with a suspect. The investigators planned to disclose the evidence more often in a strategic manner (obtaining the suspect's statement and exhausting alternative scenarios before revealing the evidence) than in a non‐strategic manner (revealing the evidence before requiring an explanation). The investigators' most frequently reported reason for their planned evidence use was to collect additional information about the particular phase to which the disclosed evidence pertained. It was rare that the investigators planned to disclose the evidence about a less critical phase of the crime in order to elicit admissions about the more critical phase (e.g., by disclosing the evidence to try to shift the suspect's counter‐interrogation strategy from less to more forthcoming). The investigators may benefit from recent research showing that strategic evidence disclosure can be used as a means to elicit admissions about a phase of a crime for which information is lacking.
Epidemiological profile and risk factors of HIV and HBV/HCV co‐infection in Fujian Province, southeastern China
Authors: Wu Shouli , Yan Pingping , Yang Tianfei , Wang Zhenghua , Yan Yansheng
Published: August 2016

This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological features of HIV‐infected subjects co‐infected with HBV/HCV in Fujian Province, southeastern China, and identify the risk factors. Blood samples were collected from 2,028 HIV antibody‐positive subjects in Fujian Province. Serum HBsAg and anti‐HCV antibody were detected, and CD4+ T cell count was measured. Of the 2,028 subjects, the prevalence of HIV‐HBV, HIV‐HCV, and HIV‐HBV‐HCV co‐infections was 16.22%, 3.7%, and 0.79%, respectively. Man (OR = 1.912, 95% CI: 1.371–2.667), key population (OR = 0.756, 95% CI: 0.57–0.976) and detainee (OR = 0.486, 95% CI: 0.259–0.909) were risk factors of HIV‐HBV co‐infection, and man (OR = 2.227, 95% CI: 1.096–4.525), minority (OR = 5.04, 95% CI: 1.696–14.98), junior high school or lower education (OR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.071–5.025), intravenous drug use (OR = 38.46, 95% CI: 11.46–129.11) and detainee (OR = 5.687, 95% CI: 2.44–13.25) were risk factors of HIV‐HCV co‐infection. In addition, a lower mean CD4+ T cell count was measured in HIV/HBV and HIV/HCV co‐infected subjects than in HIV‐infected subjects among the untreated individuals, while in the treated populations, a higher mean CD4+ T cell count was detected in HIV/HBV and HIV/HCV co‐infected subjects than in HIV‐infected subjects. HIV co‐infection with HBV or HCV, notably HIV‐HBV co‐infection, is widespread in southeastern China. Hepatitis virus screening should be included in monitoring of HIV infection, and HIV and hepatitis virus co‐infection should be considered during the development of HIV antiretroviral therapy scheme. J. Med. Virol. 89:443–449, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Implementation of the ECHO® telementoring model for the treatment of patients with hepatitis C
Authors: Marciano Sebastián , Haddad Leila , Plazzotta Fernando , Mauro Ezequiel , Terraza Sergio , Arora Sanjeev , Thornton Karla , Ríos Beatriz , García Dans Carlos , Ratusnu Natalia , Calanni Liliana , Allevato José , Sirotinsky María Ester , Pedrosa Marcos , Gadano Adrián
Published: August 2016

We aimed to implement the Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) telementoring model for hepatitis C and to evaluate its outcomes in the health providers. Following the ECHO model, an hepatitis C teleECHO clinic was established at the Hospital Italiano in Argentina. The teleECHO clinic provides support and training to physicians from Patagonia who treat patients with hepatitis C. In order to evaluate the teleECHO clinic outcomes, physicians completed a survey focused on skills and competence in hepatitis C before and after 6 months of participating in the project. The survey consisted of 10 questions, which participants rated from 1 to 7 (1 no ability; 7 highest ability). To analyze the difference before and after participation in the project, Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used. During the first 6 months of implementation of the model, a total of 14 physicians from 12 sites in Patagonia agreed to participate in the survey. The median age of the participants was 42 years. Participants’ primary specialties were Hepatology (55%), Infectious Diseases (25%), General Practice (10%), and other (10%). A significant improvement was observed in all the evaluated fields after 6 month of the participation in the teleECHO clinic, namely fibrosis staging, determining appropriate candidates for treatment, and selecting appropriate HCV treatment. In addition, their general interest in hepatitis C increased. We successfully replicated and implemented the first teleECHO clinic in Argentina. Physicians improved their ability to provide best practice care for patients with Hepatitis C. J. Med. Virol. 89:660–664, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exploring the activation dimension of affect in organizations: A focus on trait‐level activation, climate‐level activation, and work‐related outcomes
Authors: Ozcelik Hakan
Published: August 2016

This study explores the activation dimension of affect in organizations by focusing on both individual employees and their work climate. Drawing on affect research and demands‐abilities fit perspective, I have developed a model predicting that climate‐level activation would deplete employees' emotional resources and trait‐level action would function as an inner resource helping employees buffer themselves from their work demands. The results of a cross‐level study, conducted in a sample of 257 employees and their supervisors within 40 work units across 11 organizations, supported all but one of the hypotheses. Employees whose trait‐level activation was lower than the activation level of their work climate experienced higher levels of emotional exhaustion and thus were more likely to disengage from their work in forms of increased surface acting with their coworkers and psychological withdrawal, and reduced affective commitment to and intention to remain in their organization. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influences of surface air temperature and atmospheric circulation on winter snow cover variability over Europe
Authors: Ye Kunhui , Lau Ngar‐Cheung
Published: August 2016

The relationships between snow cover (SC) variability in Europe, the local surface air temperature (SAT), and the associated atmospheric circulation changes are studied. This investigation indicates that the European winter SC is closely correlated with SAT. Higher (lower) SC is coincident with strong and large‐scale surface cooling (warming). Similar but weaker temperature signals are observed in the middle and upper troposphere. Periods of enhanced (reduced) SC are characterized by surface heat loss (gain), partly due to dampened (enhanced) sensible heat fluxes towards the ground surface, which is in turn related to the lower (higher) SAT. Higher (lower) SC is also accompanied by reduced (enhanced) downward longwave irradiance. Consistent with previous studies, our analysis demonstrates that variations in the atmospheric circulation in the North Atlantic/European sector, including those associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation, are accompanied by changes in horizontal heat advection and SC over Europe. The circulation changes modulate the water vapour transport towards the European continent, and thereby influence the available water vapour there and lead to fluctuations in downward longwave irradiance and cloud cover. The wind anomalies associated with these variations also drive surface heat flux changes in the North Atlantic, which in turn lead to well‐defined sea surface temperature (SST) tendencies. The above characteristic patterns exhibit notable variability in different calendar months of the winter season. The monthly averaged circulation anomalies are evidently related to changes in the tracks of atmospheric disturbances with synoptic time scales. Overall, there is no strong evidence supporting a principal role for the North Atlantic SST or the El Niño Southern Oscillation in driving inter‐annual SC variability over Europe.
Implications of trauma and subsequent articulation on the release of Proteoglycan‐4 and tissue response in adult human ankle cartilage
Authors: Shekhawat Vivek K. , Schmid Thomas M. , Pennekamp Peter H. , Pacione Carol A. , Chubinskaya Susan , Wimmer Markus A.
Published: August 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of trauma and subsequent articulation on adult human ankle cartilage subjected to an injurious impact. Trauma was initiated through impaction on talar cartilage explants. Articulation and loading were applied in a joint bioreactor over 5 consecutive days. The early (24 h) effects of impaction included a reduced chondrocytes viability (51% vs. 81% for non‐impacted; p = 0.03), increased levels of apoptosis (43% vs. 27%; p = 0.03), and an increase in the histopathology score (4.4 vs. 1.7; p = 0.02) as compared to non‐impacted cartilage explants. One of the key findings was that damage also stimulated the PRG4 release (2.2 vs. 1.5 μg/ml). Subsequent articulation for 5 days did not lead to further changes in tissue histopathology and cell viability, neither for injured nor non‐injured samples. However, articulation led to an increased apoptosis in the injured samples (p = 0.03 for the interaction term). Articulation also caused a significant increase of PG/GAG release into the culture medium (p = 0.04) for both injured and non‐injured samples; however, the synthesis of PG was not affected by articulation (p = 0.45) though the PG synthesis was higher in injured samples (p < 0.01). With regard to the PRG4 release, impacted samples continued to show higher amounts (p = 0.01), adding articulation led to a reduction (p = 0.02). The current study demonstrated that adult human talar cartilage increases both the PRG4 release and biosynthetic activity as an immediate cellular response to injury. Articulation played a less contributing role to biosynthesis and remodeling, behaving mostly neutral, in that no further damage emerged. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:667–676, 2017.
Tensor logarithmic norm and its applications
Authors: Ding Weiyang , Hou Zongyuan , Wei Yimin
Published: August 2016

Matrix logarithmic norm is an important quantity, which characterize the stability of linear dynamical systems. We propose the logarithmic norms for tensors and tensor pairs, and extend some classical results from the matrix case. Moreover, the explicit forms of several tensor logarithmic norms and semi‐norms are also derived. Employing the tensor logarithmic norms, we bound the real parts of all the eigenvalues of a complex tensor and study the stability of a class of nonlinear dynamical systems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computational quality control tools for mass spectrometry proteomics
Authors: Bittremieux Wout , Valkenborg Dirk , Martens Lennart , Laukens Kris
Published: August 2016

As mass‐spectrometry‐based proteomics has matured during the past decade, a growing emphasis has been placed on quality control. For this purpose, multiple computational quality control tools have been introduced. These tools generate a set of metrics that can be used to assess the quality of a mass spectrometry experiment. Here we review which types of quality control metrics can be generated, and how they can be used to monitor both intra‐ and inter‐experiment performances. We discuss the principal computational tools for quality control and list their main characteristics and applicability. As most of these tools have specific use cases, it is not straightforward to compare their performances. For this survey, we used different sets of quality control metrics derived from information at various stages in a mass spectrometry process and evaluated their effectiveness at capturing qualitative information about an experiment using a supervised learning approach. Furthermore, we discuss currently available algorithmic solutions that enable the usage of these quality control metrics for decision‐making.
Plasma Polymerization of 3‐Aminopropyltrietoxysilane (APTES) by Open‐Air Atmospheric Arc Plasma Jet for In‐Line Treatments
Authors: Ben Said Sarab , Arefi‐Khonsari Farzaneh , Pulpytel Jerome
Published: August 2016

In this work, an open‐air arc plasma jet has been studied to polymerize 3‐aminopropyelthrietoxysilane (APTES), which is the most commonly used aminosilane to functionalize surfaces with amine groups. Although the discharge produced from air is highly oxidative and the gas temperature is high as compared to other atmospheric plasma sources, amine groups, as well as amide ones, were identified in the nanometers thick coatings by XPS and FTIR analysis. By comparing the results with post‐treatment and ‐grafting experiments, the partial retention of amine groups might be explained by the non‐ideal mixing of the precursor flow with the main gas stream inside the plasma jet. Beside the intrinsic plasma reactivity, hydrodynamics effects are indeed important when considering flowing atmospheric plasmas.
Estimating pediatric asthma prevalence in rural senegal: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Hooper Laura G. , Dieye Yakou , Ndiaye Assane , Diallo Aldiouma , Fan Vincent S. , Neuzil Kathleen M. , Ortiz Justin R.
Published: August 2016

Rationale

In Senegal, the prevalence of childhood asthma and utilization of appropriate asthma therapies is unknown.

Methodology

We used the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) survey instrument to assess childhood respiratory health in rural Senegal. We interviewed the caregivers of children aged 5 through 8 years of age in the four largest Niakhar villages in August 2012.

Results

We interviewed 1,103 primary caregivers for 1,513 children, representing 91% of all age‐eligible children in the study area. Overall, 206 (14%) children had wheeze at any time in the past, 130 (9%) had wheeze within the past year, and only 41 (3%) reported a clinical diagnosis of asthma. Among children with wheeze within the past year, 81 (62%) had symptoms of severe asthma. Nocturnal cough was reported in 186 (14%) children who denied any history of wheezing illness. Only four (3%) children with wheeze in the past year had ever received bronchodilator therapy. Children with wheeze in the past year were significantly more likely to seek medical care for respiratory symptoms and to be perceived as less healthy than their peers. Children of lower socioeconomic status were significantly more likely to have wheeze.

Conclusions

Nearly one in ten children in Niakhar, Senegal had symptoms suggestive of asthma; however, few children have a diagnosis of asthma or use appropriate therapies. This study highlights an opportunity to raise community awareness of asthma in rural Senegal and to increase access to appropriate medical therapies. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:303–309. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Compressive Behavior of Idealized Granules for the Simulation of Composition C‐4
Authors: Sweat Melissa L. , Parker Andrew S. , Beaudoin Stephen P.
Published: August 2016

In the most common approach to detect trace explosives at security checkpoints, any illicit residues must first be removed from the surface of interest (contact sampling) before they are delivered to a detector, such as an ion mobility spectrometer. Contact sampling involves applying a compressive shearing load to dislodge the residue from a surface. Optimizing this step requires an understanding of the properties of the residues and their effect on residue behavior. This study seeks to evaluate the previously unstudied effect of the binder mechanical properties and particle size distributions on the behavior of Composition C‐4. Composition C‐4 demonstrates complex granular behavior, and contains a highly viscous, non‐Newtonian binder. In addition to studies of real C‐4, simulated C‐4 was created with mechanical properties very similar to the real composite. The results with the live and simulated C‐4 indicate that – while highly important – the binder is not the only driving parameter controlling granule deformation under load; to create an effective simulant the binder must be combined with particles of an appropriate bimodal particle size distribution.
On‐Line Auto Mass Measurement of Residual Solvent Mass and its Influence on Mechanical Properties of Propellants
Authors: Chen Mei , Zhang Yuanbo , Dong Chaoyang , Xiao Zhenggang
Published: August 2016

An on‐line auto mass measurement approach was applied to study the volatilization of residual solvents during the drying process of a single‐based propellant, a double‐based propellant containing triethyleneglycol dinitrate (TEGDN propellant, denoted as TEGDN‐1) and a TEGDN propellant containing RDX (denoted as TEGDN‐2). Drying experiments were conducted at a temperature of 50 °C, steady humidity, and atmospheric pressure. According to the drying rate curves obtained by the on‐line auto mass measurement approach, it took 44 h, 31 h and 38 h, respectively, for the residual solvent contents of the three kinds of propellants to come to an equilibrium point, which is approximately below 1 %. The mechanical properties of propellant strands with different residual solvent contents were tested by a universal testing machine and dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DMA). The results indicate that the mechanical properties of the single‐based propellant, TEGDN‐1 and TEGDN‐2 are influenced by the residual solvent content. The propellant strands are sufficiently plastic and elastic to be cut without being deformed at a broad range of temperature when they are dried to residual solvent contents of 5.8–3.6 %, 9–5.7 %, and 9.7–6.2 %, respectively. In the drying experiment, the on‐line auto measurement approach of the residual solvent mass of propellant strands is a highly promising method in view of its improvement in the cutting efficiency of propellant strands.
Promising CL‐20‐Based Energetic Material by Cocrystallization
Authors: Anderson Stephen R. , Dubé Pascal , Krawiec Mariusz , Salan Jerry S. , Ende David J. am , Samuels Philip
Published: August 2016

A novel cocrystal (NEX‐1) of CL‐20 and MDNT is presented herein. The CL‐20: MDNT cocrystal, obtained in high yield by resonant acoustic mixing, shows new properties versus the discrete components. This is the first example of cocrystallization of CL‐20 where the new material is less sensitive to friction than CL‐20 itself, while demonstrating similar impact and ESD sensitivity. The CL‐20: MDNT cocrystal shows promise in the production of new energetic materials of interest by the cocrystallization of well‐characterized components.
Expression and Role of PAICS, a De Novo Purine Biosynthetic Gene in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Chakravarthi Balabhadrapatruni V. S. K. , Goswami Moloy T. , Pathi Satya S. , Dodson Matthew , Chandrashekar Darshan S. , Agarwal Sumit , Nepal Saroj , Hodigere Balasubramanya Sai Akshaya , Siddiqui Javed , Lonigro Robert J. , Chinnaiyan Arul M. , Kunju Lakshmi P. , Palanisamy Nallasivam , Varambally Sooryanarayana
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND

Our goal was to investigate de novo purine biosynthetic gene PAICS expression and evaluate its role in prostate cancer progression.

METHODS

Next‐generation sequencing, qRTPCR and immunoblot analysis revealed an elevated expression of a de novo purine biosynthetic gene, Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole Carboxylase, Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole Succinocarboxamide Synthetase (PAICS) in a progressive manner in prostate cancer. Functional analyses were performed using prostate cancer cell lines‐ DU145, PC3, LnCaP, and VCaP. The oncogenic properties of PAICS were studied both by transient and stable knockdown strategies, in vivo chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and murine xenograft models. Effect of BET bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 on the expression level of PAICS was also studied.

RESULTS

Molecular staging of prostate cancer is important factor in effective diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. In this study, we identified a de novo purine biosynthetic gene; PAICS is overexpressed in PCa and its expression correlated with disease aggressiveness. Through several in vitro and in vivo functional studies, we show that PAICS is necessary for proliferation and invasion in prostate cancer cells. We identified JQ1, a BET bromodomain inhibitor previously implicated in regulating MYC expression and demonstrated role in prostate cancer, abrogates PAICS expression in several prostate cancer cells. Furthermore, we observe loss of MYC occupancy on PAICS promoter in presence of JQ1.

CONCLUSIONS

Here, we report that evaluation of PAICS in prostate cancer progression and its role in prostate cancer cell proliferation and invasion and suggest it as a valid therapeutic target. We suggest JQ1, a BET‐domain inhibitor, as possible therapeutic option in targeting PAICS in prostate cancer. Prostate 77:10–21, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transcript Levels of Androgen Receptor Variant 7 and Ubiquitin‐Conjugating Enzyme 2C in Hormone Sensitive Prostate Cancer and Castration‐Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Lee Chan Ho , Ku Ja Yoon , Ha Jung Min , Bae Sun Sik , Lee Jeong Zoo , Kim Choung‐Soo , Ha Hong Koo
Published: August 2016

PURPOSE

This study is designed to identify the androgen receptor variant 7 (AR‐V7) status, clinical significance of AR‐V7 in hormone sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC). Then, we evaluated AR‐V7 and changes of its target gene, ubiquitin‐conjugating enzyme E2C (UBE2C) which is an anaphase‐promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C)‐specific ubiquitin‐conjugating enzyme, in castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in serial tumor biopsies from patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy.

METHODS

We used RT‐PCR and Q‐PCR assay to evaluate AR‐V7, androgen receptor full length (AR‐FL), and UBE2C in tumor biopsies from patients with HSPC and CRPC. We examined associations between mRNA expression of AR‐V7 and clinicopathologic factors. Furthermore, to identify other potential genes involved in the development of CRPC, RNA sequencing was conducted, using paired prostate cancer (PCa) tissues obtained immediately prior to treatment and at the time of therapeutic resistance.

RESULTS

A total of 13 HSPC patients and three CRPC patients were enrolled. Neither a high Gleason score (score of 8 and 9) nor a high risk of PCa (a high risk of locally advanced PCa according to NCCN guidelines) was correlated with mRNA expression of AR‐V7 in HSPC (P = 0.153 and P = 0.215). The mRNA expression of AR‐FL, but not AR‐V7, was significantly associated with the mRNA expression of UBE2C level in HSPC (P = 0.007). However, increased expression of AR‐V7, not AR‐FL, paralleled increased expression of UBE2C in the CRPC specimens (P = 0.03). AR‐V7 expression status before ADT was likely related to shorter CRPC development in patients treating ADT. The result of the RNA‐sequencing analysis using serial samples from the same patient before and after castration demonstrated an increased level of the PI3K regulatory subunit 1 (P = 0.018).

CONCLUSION

Our study revealed the role of UBE2C as a marker of the androgen signaling pathway in PCa. Differential gene expression analysis using serial samples from the same patient before and after castration revealed potential genes and pathways involved in development of CRPC. Further studies are needed to determine whether these genes and pathways are potential therapeutic target for CRPC. Prostate 77:60–71, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Magnetic ordering in dihydrated formates M(HCOO)2 · 2H2O, M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni: DC magnetization study
Authors: Kellerman D. G. , Barykina Yu. A. , Zheleznikov K. A. , Tyutyunnik A. P. , Krasilnikov V. N.
Published: August 2016

The magnetic properties of hydrated formates M(HCOO)2 · 2H2O (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) have been investigated in a wide range of fields and temperatures, which made it possible to detect and describe previously unknown details.
Superconductivity and Dirac fermions in 112‐phase pnictides
Authors: Ray Soumya J. , Alff Lambert
Published: August 2016

This article reviews the current research on the 112‐phase of pnictides. The 112‐phase has gained augmented attention due to the recent discovery of high‐temperature superconductivity in with a maximum critical temperature upon Sb substitution. The structural, magnetic, and electronic properties of bear some similarities with other superconducting pnictide phases, however, the different valence states of the pnictogen and the presence of a metallic spacer layer are unique features of the 112‐system. Low‐temperature superconductivity which coexists with antiferromagnetic order was observed in transition metal (Ni, Pd) deficient 112‐compounds like , , , . Besides superconductivity, the presence of naturally occurring anisotropic Dirac Fermionic states were observed in the layered 112‐compounds SrMnBi2, CaMnBi2, LaAgBi2 which are of significant interest for future nanoelectronics as an alternative to graphene. In these compounds, the linear energy dispersion resulted in a high magnetoresistance that stayed unsaturated even at the highest applied magnetic fields. Here, we describe various 112‐type materials systems combining experimental results and theoretical predictions to stimulate further research on this less well‐known member of the pnictide family.
Background Appearance Modeling with Applications to Visual Object Detection in an Open‐Pit Mine
Authors: Bewley Alex , Upcroft Ben
Published: August 2016

This paper addresses the problem of detecting people and vehicles on a surface mine by presenting an architecture that combines the complementary strengths of deep convolutional networks (DCN) with cluster‐based analysis. We highlight that using a DCN in a naïve black box approach results in a significantly high rate of errors due to the lack of mining‐specific training data and the unique landscape in a mine site. In this work, we propose a background model that exploits the abundance of background‐only images to discover the natural clusters in visual appearance using features extracted from the DCN. Both a simple nearest cluster‐based background model and an extended model with cosine features are investigated for their ability to identify and suppress potential false positives made by the DCN. Furthermore, localization of objects of interest is enabled through region proposals, which have been tuned to increase recall within the constraints of a computational budget. Finally, a soft fusion framework is presented to combine the estimates of both the DCN and background model to improve the accuracy of the detection. Our system is tested on over 11 km of real mine site data in both day and night conditions where we were able to detect both light and heavy vehicles along with mining personnel. We show that the introduction of our background model improves the detection performance. In particular, soft fusion of the background model and the DCN output produces a relative improvement in the F1 score of 46% and 28% compared to a baseline pretrained DCN and a DCN retrained with mining images, respectively.
Growth in Oral Reading Fluency in a Semitransparent Orthography: Concurrent and Predictive Relations With Reading Proficiency in Norwegian, Grades 2–5
Authors: Arnesen Anne , Braeken Johan , Baker Scott , Meek‐Hansen Wilhelm , Ogden Terje , Melby‐Lervåg Monica
Published: August 2016

This study investigated an adaptation of the Oral Reading Fluency (ORF) measure of the Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills into a European context for the Norwegian language, which has a more transparent orthography than English. Second‐order latent growth curve modeling was used to examine the longitudinal measurement invariance of the ORF measure, the growth in oral reading fluency within and across grades 2–5, the relative stability of the ORF measure, and the relationship between the ORF measure and high‐stakes national tests of reading proficiency. Results showed that the ORF passages measured the same underlying construct, but some passages stood out regarding the invariance pattern. The oral reading fluency growth curve models demonstrated a linear growth in grades 2 and 3 and a nonlinear growth in grades 4 and 5. Initial individual differences varied more than growth rates, which for all were positive but largest in grades 3 and 4. High relative stability in the ORF measure was found across grades. The concurrent and predictive relations of the ORF measure on the Norwegian national reading tests were moderate to strong (range = .44–.75). Findings indicated that the ORF is a reliable and valid measure of reading in Norwegian grades 2–5 and easy and fast to administer. The ORF measure might contribute to early identification of students at risk for reading difficulties in an orthography more transparent than English. Implications for school practice and future research are discussed.
Triangle factors of graphs without large independent sets and of weighted graphs
Authors: Balogh József , Molla Theodore , Sharifzadeh Maryam
Published: August 2016

The classical Corrádi‐Hajnal theorem claims that every n‐vertex graph G with contains a triangle factor, when . In this paper we present two related results that both use the absorbing technique of Rödl, Ruciński and Szemerédi. Our main result determines the minimum degree condition necessary to guarantee a triangle factor in graphs with sublinear independence number. In particular, we show that if G is an n‐vertex graph with and , then G has a triangle factor and this is asymptotically best possible. Furthermore, it is shown for every r that if every linear size vertex set of a graph G spans quadratically many edges, and , then G has a Kr‐factor for n sufficiently large. We also propose many related open problems whose solutions could show a relationship with Ramsey‐Turán theory.

Additionally, we also consider a fractional variant of the Corrádi‐Hajnal Theorem, settling a conjecture of Balogh‐Kemkes‐Lee‐Young. Let and . We call a triangle t‐heavy if the sum of the weights on its edges is more than 3t. We prove that if and w is such that for every vertex v the sum of w(e) over edges e incident to v is at least , then there are vertex disjoint heavy triangles in G. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 49, 669–693, 2016
Identifying Underlying Causes of Situational Interest in a Science Course for Preservice Elementary Teachers
Authors: PALMER DAVID H. , DIXON JEANETTE , ARCHER JENNIFER
Published: August 2016

Situational interest is short‐term interest that is linked to environmental factors in a particular situation. Previous studies have found that some science teaching techniques can be very effective in generating situational interest among students, but the reasons why these are effective remain unclear: Hands‐on activities, for example, are known to generate situational interest, but there is little consensus about the underlying reasons why. The purpose of this study was to investigate the underlying causes of situational interest in a range of science teaching techniques. The participants were 229 Australian preservice elementary teachers in a one‐semester science course. An open‐ended survey was administered on three occasions during the course, and individual interviews with a subset of 25 students were held at the end of the semester. The teaching techniques that generated situational interest included hands‐on activities, personal anecdotes, fun facts, demonstrations of science toys, science magic, clear explanations, and the use of models and artifacts. For each technique, situational interest was due to a combination of three underlying causes: success, relevance, and novelty. It was concluded that substantial situational interest occurred when these students successfully learnt something that had novelty and personal relevance. It was concluded that this triadic combination represented the underlying causes of situational interest in the course.
How Do Preservice Biology Teachers Explain the Origin of Biological Traits?: A Philosophical Analysis
Authors: KAMPOURAKIS KOSTAS , SILVEIRA PATRICIA , STRASSER BRUNO J.
Published: August 2016

Research suggests that students tend to explain the origin of biological traits in terms of needs or purposes and/or as the direct product of genes, rather than as the outcome of evolutionary and developmental processes. We suggest that in order for students to be able to construct scientific explanations, it is important to clearly and explicitly distinguish between causes that make a difference to the production of effects and the processes through which these effects are produced in developing evolutionary and developmental explanations for the origin of biological traits. However, these distinctions are not usually made in textbooks and curricula, and it is unclear how biology teachers themselves explain the origins of biological traits. In this study, we present the conclusions from the analysis of the explanations that 19 preservice biology teachers gave for the origins of biological traits. The results indicate that they often referred to causes and processes in their evolutionary explanations, but that they did not always do this in their developmental explanations. We suggest that future biology teachers should understand the structure of explanations for the origins of traits to efficiently teach their students to construct such kinds of explanations.
DNA‐Mediated Morphological Control of Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Li Jiuxing , Zhu Zhi , Liu Fang , Zhu Bingqing , Ma Yanli , Yan Jinmao , Lin Bingqian , Ke Guoliang , Liu Rudi , Zhou Leiji , Tu Song , Yang Chaoyong
Published: August 2016

It is demonstrated that DNA can be used to control the synthesis of silver nanoplates with different morphologies using spherical silver seeds. UV–vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy are used to characterize the synthesized nanoparticles. Silver nanoprisms are encoded by poly C and poly G, while silver flower bouquets and silver nanodiscs are synthesized using poly A and poly T, respectively. The length of DNA is found to have little effect on the morphology of silver nanoparticles. Moreover, the synthesized silver nanoplates are found to have high surface enhanced Raman scattering enhancement ability, good antibacterial activity, and good biocompatibility. These discoveries will broaden the application of DNA in nanoscience and will provide a new platform to investigate the interaction between DNA sequences and silver nanoparticles.
An overall cost based on optimal power flow control method of dual‐source distribution network with closed‐loop operation using UPFC
Authors: Zhang Zhi‐hua , Xu Bing‐yin , Chen Qing
Published: August 2016

Supply reliability can be effectively improved by a normally closed‐loop operation of a distribution network with dual sources, in which there might be large circulating power flow. A unified power flow controller (UPFC) has the powerful capability to adjust the power flow, but it would face a technoeconomic bottleneck when applied to the distribution system. Based on the constant current load model, the power flow distribution of a normally closed‐loop distribution network with dual sources is analyzed, and the relationship between the network loss, the voltage deviation of load nodes, and the compensated voltage is deduced. Then, the optimal power flow control model is presented considering such economic factors as the network loss, the voltage deviation of load nodes, and the cost of the apparatus used to produce the compensated voltage. In order to simplify the problem of multiobjective optimization into a single‐objective optimization model, the fuzzy membership functions and their weight coefficients of the network loss, the voltage deviation, and the UPFC's cost are designed, and the weights are determined according to their contribution in economy. The optimal control model is solved with the global optimal algorithm. Simulation results based on PSCAD prove that this method can ensure overall economy of the system with balancing the power distribution, controlling the node voltage deviation, and decreasing the active power loss of the network effectively. © 2016 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An intelligent fitness diagnosis system using electroencephalogram with biomedical signals
Authors: Wang Meng‐Hui , Huang Mei‐Ling , Li Chien‐Shun
Published: August 2016

This paper proposes an intelligent fitness diagnosis system (IFDS), which integrates the electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) biomedical signals and fitness data. IFDS detects the voltage and current produced by the users under different states of attention and meditation during exercise. Based on EEG, ECG, and fitness data, the extension method is applied to distinguish the physical and mental conditions of the users during exercise. The brainwave training system, designed by LabVIEW, analyzes the α and θ wave bands of EEG, and plots the waveforms under different states of attention and meditation simultaneously to effectively improve the users' attention. Ten subjects were included to exercise for 15 times, lasting 3 min each. The accuracy of IFDS reaches 91%. Meanwhile, IFDS indirectly diagnoses the symptoms of some diseases in the users. © 2016 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Potential of Crossword Puzzles in Aiding English Language Learners
Authors: Merkel Warren
Published: August 2016

In an academic environment, teachers utilize crossword puzzles to help students learn or remember terminology. Outside the classroom, typically in daily newspapers, crosswords aid in vocabulary development, used as a learning tool, a leisure activity, or both. However, both the content and the grid structure of the crosswords in these two environments differ greatly. Consequently, English language learners (ELLs) may struggle to adapt to the challenging grid as well as the U.S. culture–centric focus of a daily crossword. The purpose of this article is thus to consider as a vocabulary learning task a crossword puzzle whose content is designed specifically for ELLs, yet still abides by the grid structure of a daily crossword. Three graduate school–level ELLs worked on such a crossword; their thoughts on doing a crossword were analyzed through a written survey and discussion that was recorded and transcribed. Results reveal that participants were frustrated by the cultural components and context‐less nature of the puzzle when working alone, but felt more positive and made substantial progress when working collaboratively.
Penetrating Thoracic Trauma Patients with Gross Physiological Derangement: A Responsibility for the General Surgeon in the Absence of Trauma or Cardiothoracic Surgeon?
Authors: Doll Dietrich , Eichler Markus , Vassiliu Pantelis , Boffard Kenneth , Pohlemann Tim , Degiannis Elias
Published: August 2016

Background

Penetrating trauma is becoming increasingly common in parts of the world where previously it was rare. At the same time, general surgeons and surgical trainees are becoming more specialized, and less comfortable operating within areas beyond their zone of specialization.

Objective

The purpose of this manuscript is to assess the technical difficulties encountered in operating on patients who have sustained penetrating trauma, and to prove to general surgeons that the technical skills and techniques required are no different to those required for abdominal surgery, and do not require additional dexterity.

Methods

This prospective study was conducted in an Academic Trauma unit over a 3‐year period. All patients who were operated upon for penetrating thoracic trauma were included in the study. The pre‐operative management, techniques of surgical repair and the outcome were assessed.

Results

One hundred and forty‐five patients were included in the study over a 3‐year period. There were 97 patients with stab wounds, 47 with gunshot wounds and 1 patient with an injury from an angle grinder. Mortality was six times greater in those patients with gunshot wounds, than those with stab wounds. Several patients had multiple thoracic organ injuries. There were 57 patients who were operated upon for thoracic vessel injury. There was a 3.5 % mortality overall. Eighty‐eight patients sustained pulmonary injury with a 7 % mortality, and they were managed mainly by simply repair, tractotomy or stapled partial non‐anatomical lobectomy. Of the 39 patients with cardiac trauma, there was 17 % mortality, and all cases were managed by simple repair. There were 5 patients with an oesophageal injury of whom 3 died (mortality of 60 %). Twenty‐four patients had thoraco‐abdominal injuries with 30 % mortality.

Conclusion

Most of the injuries in the chest can be managed by simple procedures to control life‐threatening bleeding. The techniques required are similar to those taught to and are practiced comfortably by general surgeons used to work in the abdominal cavity. We encourage the general surgeon who receives a grossly unstable patient with penetrating thoracic trauma to operate, instead of adding risk to the patient’s physiology by a transfer to cardio‐thoracic or dedicated trauma units.