bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Dicationic Bismuth(III) Lewis Acid: Catalytic Hydrosilylation of Olefins
Authors: Balasubramaniam Selvakumar , Kumar Sandeep , Andrews Alex P. , Varghese Babu , Jemmis Eluvathingal D. , Venugopal Ajay
Published: June 2019

Lewis acid promoted activation of inert chemical bonds is central to catalysis. The presence of a highly electrophilic central atom having minimum interactions with anions and solvent molecules is a requisite for a reactive Lewis acid. This requirement for a strong Lewis acid is met with by designing a reactive cation of a heavy element, bismuth, bearing the tridentate trispyrazolylborate ligand. The coordination sphere of the electrophilic bismuth dication is stabilized by very weak interactions with the halogen atoms of the weakly nucleophilic tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate anion, chlorobenzene, and ortho‐dichlorobenzene in the solid state. The high electrophilicity at bismuth is demonstrated by the ability of the dication to efficiently catalyze the addition of Si–H to olefins.
Some Chemical Characteristics and Oxidative Stability of Cold Pressed Grape Seed Oils Obtained from Different Winery Waste
Authors: Bjelica Miloš , Vujasinović Vesna , Rabrenović Biljana , Dimić Sanja
Published: June 2019

Various grape seed samples collected in wineries, as a by‐product before and after the fermentation process of pomace and after fermentation and distillation process of pomace, are used for oil extraction by cold pressing. Fatty acid profile, content and composition of tocopherols, content and composition of phenols, as well as the oxidative stability of oils are investigated. Obtained results show that cold pressed grape seed oils are characterized by different nutritional quality and oxidative stability, due to peculiar effects of the fermentation and distillation processes. Cold pressed oil obtained from cleaned and dried seeds of grapes after fermentation and/or distillation process is richer in bioactive compounds compared to the oil obtained from grape seeds without fermentation. On the other hand, the high temperature in distillation process of pomace has a negative effect on the content of some bioactive compounds and oxidative stability of oil from this waste material.

Practical Applications: In this paper, different cold pressed grape seed oils are analyzed for nutritionally important compounds and oxidative stability. The results show that, depending on the source of grape seeds as waste material, the nutritional quality of the obtained oils differs. In the production of high quality cold pressed grape seed oil, seeds from different sources of waste should not be mixed. It is not recommended to use the seeds from the waste material after distillation process in the production of high quality cold pressed grape seed oil.

Some chemical characteristics of cold pressed grape seed oils obtained from different winery waste are analyzed. The different waste materials have a pronounced effect on the quali‐quantitative profiles of bioactive compounds and induction period of oils. Obtained results show that cold pressed grape seed oils are characterized by different nutritional quality and oxidative stability, due to peculiar effect of fermentation and distillation processes. For production of high quality cold pressed oil, seeds from different winery waste material should not be mixed.
TBAB‐Mediated Radical 5‐exo‐trig ipso‐Cyclization of 2‐Arylbenzamide for the Synthesis of Spiro[cyclohexane‐1,1′‐isoindoline]‐2,5‐diene‐3′,4‐dione
Authors: Qiu Guanyinsheng , Chen Zhi‐Feng , Xie Wenlin , Zhou Hongwei
Published: June 2019

A TBAB‐mediated radical 5‐exo‐trig ipso‐cyclization of N‐aryl‐2‐arylbenzamide is described herein for the synthesis of spiro[cyclohexane‐1,1′‐isoindoline]‐2,5‐diene‐3′,4‐dione. The transformation proceeds regioselectively and provides the final products with high efficiency and a broad reaction scope. Mechanism studies show the use of TBAB as an additive is pivotal for the reaction. In the process, para‐bromination of N‐aryl group, 5‐exo‐tri ipso‐cyclization of N‐aryl‐2‐arylbenzamide nitrogen radical and sequential aromatization is involved.
Whom to punish? How observers sanction norm‐violating behavior in ostracism situations
Authors: Rudert Selma C. , Ruf Simone , Greifeneder Rainer
Published: June 2019

When observing ostracism, individuals can either side with the target or the sources of ostracism. Here we demonstrate that side‐taking depends on whether the target previously acted in adherence to or in violation of perceived social norms. In four studies, a target behaved either norm‐consistently or violated a social norm, and was subsequently either excluded by the sources or was not. Next, participants could sanction the behavior of the observed persons by refraining to assign money (Studies 1 and 2), or by subtracting money from a bonus (Studies 3 and 4). Observers assigned less money to the sources when these excluded a norm‐consistent target. However, when the target had violated a social norm before, participants assigned less money to the target instead. These results have far‐reaching implications because the (in)actions of neutral individuals can legitimize the sources’ behavior, or help a target under attack.
Electrochemical Analysis of Glycoprotein Samples Prepared on a Pneumatically‐controlled Microfluidic Device
Authors: Novotny Jakub , Ostatna Veronika , Foret Frantisek
Published: June 2019

In this work, we designed and manufactured a microfluidic device for isolation and purification of glycoprotein samples. The conceived sample preparation device was fabricated in polycarbonate by micro‐milling. The flow control and the fluid dosage into the micro‐channels was solved by equipping the device with integrated pneumatic valves. The biochemical functionality was provided by beaded support modified by molecules with affinity to glycoproteins which was stacked inside the micro‐channel reminiscent of packed affinity columns used in glycoprotein lectin assays. Unlabeled glycoproteins, namely fetuin, asialofetuin, and prostate‐specific antigen, were voltammetrically analyzed using catalytic peak H at silver amalgam electrode.
Few‐layer graphene coated on indium tin oxide electrodes prepared by chemical vapor deposition and their enhanced glucose electrooxidation activity
Authors: Caglar Aykut , Ulas Berdan , Sahin Ozlem , Demir Kivrak Hilal
Published: June 2019

At present, few‐layer graphene is deposited on copper (Cu) foil by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. Then, the few‐layer graphenes produced on the Cu foil are coated onto the indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode to investigate their glucose electrooxidation activities. Hexane and hydrogen flow rate and deposition time parameters with CVD method are examined on different Cu foils. These electrodes are characterized by scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (SEM‐EDX), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, glucose electrooxidation is examined with cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. One could note that the graphene network is clearly visible from SEM images. The deconvoluted XPS spectrum indicates that carbon appeared in the form of non‐oxygenated ring C atoms for few‐layer graphene. The few‐layer graphene structure is confirmed by Raman analysis. Few‐layer graphene/ITO produced at 5 sccm Hexane and 50 sccm hydrogen flow rate and 20 minutes deposition time (G7/ITO) reveals the best electrode activity. The specific activity of G7/ITO electrode is obtained as 6.58 mA cm−2. According to CV, CA, and EIS results, G7/ITO electrode has high electrocatalytic activity, stability, and resistance in comparison with other electrodes.
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of Electrospun La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3–δ Nanorod Cathodes for Intermediate Temperature – Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Costamagna P. , Sanna C. , Campodonico A. , Sala E. M. , Sažinas R. , Holtappels P.
Published: June 2019

Electrospun La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3–δ (LSCF) nanorod cathodes are investigated. Morphological characterization shows that the nanorods are arranged into a 3‐D stochastic structure, with multiple contact points with each other. Experimental characterization of symmetrical button cells through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrates an electrode polarization resistance Rp = 3.9 Ω cm2 at 940 K and Rp = 10.9 Ω cm2 at 890 K. The impedance results, measured from 890 K up to 1,200 K, show that the depressed Gerischer behavior is not an intrinsic feature of the electrode, since it appears only at certain well defined temperatures, and then it tends to disappear for other operating temperatures. Equivalent circuit model fitting is accomplished through the depressed Gerischer element, and also through an alternative circuit based on a normal Gerischer coupled to an RQ element. The superior fitting capability of the latter equivalent circuit is demonstrated. The latter circuit allows to assess separately the impedance contribution of the electrode bulk, associated to the Gerischer element, and of the electrode/electrolyte interface, associated to the RQ element. Both the related polarization resistances are larger with the electrospun LSCF 3‐D random nanorod electrode, rather than with an electrospun LSCF electrode with unbroken nanofibers laying neatly in‐plane over the electrolyte.
An integrative Bayesian approach to matrix‐based analysis in neuroimaging
Authors: Chen Gang , Bürkner Paul‐Christian , Taylor Paul A. , Li Zhihao , Yin Lijun , Glen Daniel R. , Kinnison Joshua , Cox Robert W. , Pessoa Luiz
Published: June 2019

Understanding the correlation structure associated with brain regions is a central goal in neuroscience, as it informs about interregional relationships and network organization. Correlation structure can be conveniently captured in a matrix that indicates the relationships among brain regions, which could involve electroencephalogram sensors, electrophysiology recordings, calcium imaging data, or functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) data—We call this type of analysis matrix‐based analysis, or MBA. Although different methods have been developed to summarize such matrices across subjects, including univariate general linear models (GLMs), the available modeling strategies tend to disregard the interrelationships among the regions, leading to “inefficient” statistical inference. Here, we develop a Bayesian multilevel (BML) modeling framework that simultaneously integrates the analyses of all regions, region pairs (RPs), and subjects. In this approach, the intricate relationships across regions as well as across RPs are quantitatively characterized. The adoption of the Bayesian framework allows us to achieve three goals: (a) dissolve the multiple testing issue typically associated with seeking evidence for the effect of each RP under the conventional univariate GLM; (b) make inferences on effects that would be treated as “random” under the conventional linear mixed‐effects framework; and (c) estimate the effect of each brain region in a manner that indexes their relative “importance”. We demonstrate the BML methodology with an FMRI dataset involving a cognitive‐emotional task and compare it to the conventional GLM approach in terms of model efficiency, performance, and inferences. The associated program MBA is available as part of the AFNI suite for general use.
Depletion of TRRAP Induces p53‐Independent Senescence in Liver Cancer by Down‐Regulating Mitotic Genes
Authors: Kwan Suet‐Yan , Sheel Ankur , Song Chun‐Qing , Zhang Xiao‐Ou , Jiang Tingting , Dang Hien , Cao Yueying , Ozata Deniz M. , Mou Haiwei , Yin Hao , Weng Zhiping , Wang Xin Wei , Xue Wen
Published: June 2019

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive subtype of liver cancer with few effective treatments, and the underlying mechanisms that drive HCC pathogenesis remain poorly characterized. Identifying genes and pathways essential for HCC cell growth will aid the development of new targeted therapies for HCC. Using a kinome CRISPR screen in three human HCC cell lines, we identified transformation/transcription domain‐associated protein (TRRAP) as an essential gene for HCC cell proliferation. TRRAP has been implicated in oncogenic transformation, but how it functions in cancer cell proliferation is not established. Here, we show that depletion of TRRAP or its co‐factor, histone acetyltransferase KAT5, inhibits HCC cell growth through induction of p53‐independent and p21‐independent senescence. Integrated cancer genomics analyses using patient data and RNA sequencing identified mitotic genes as key TRRAP/KAT5 targets in HCC, and subsequent cell cycle analyses revealed that TRRAP‐depleted and KAT5‐depleted cells are arrested at the G2/M phase. Depletion of topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A), a mitotic gene and TRRAP/KAT5 target, was sufficient to recapitulate the senescent phenotype of TRRAP/KAT5 knockdown. Conclusion: Our results uncover a role for TRRAP/KAT5 in promoting HCC cell proliferation by activating mitotic genes. Targeting the TRRAP/KAT5 complex is a potential therapeutic strategy for HCC.
Cutaneous lymphomas—An update 2019
Authors: Kempf Werner , Zimmermann Anne‐Katrin , Mitteldorf Christina
Published: June 2019

Primary cutaneous lymphomas (CL) are the second most common form of extranodal lymphomas. Cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas represent the majority. They are classified according to the WHO classification 2017 and the updated WHO‐EORTC 2018 published in the fourth edition of the WHO classification for Skin Tumors monograph. Primary cutaneous acral CD8+ T‐cell lymphoma and EBV‐positive mucocutaneous ulcer have been listed as new provisional entities. Moreover, the histological and genetic spectrum of lymphomatoid papulosis has been expanded. Recently, prognostic subtypes were delineated for some entities and subtypes of CL such as folliculotropic mycosis fungoides and marginal zone lymphoma. Since CL show overlapping histological features, clinico‐pathological correlation is of outmost importance for the diagnosis. Recent studies revealed new biomarkers and genetic alterations underlying the pathogenesis of CL. Moreover, targeted therapies have widened the treatment options particularly for aggressive lymphomas.
Rare mature B‐cell lymphomas in children and adolescents
Authors: Woessmann Wilhelm , Quintanilla‐Martinez Leticia
Published: June 2019

Pediatric‐type follicular lymphoma (PTFL), pediatric nodal marginal zone lymphoma (pnMZL), and large B‐cell lymphoma (LBCL) with IRF4 rearrangement have been introduced into the current World Health Organization (WHO) classification. They account for 5% to 10% of mature B‐cell lymphomas in children and adolescents. Both PTFL and pnMZL predominantly affect male adolescents and usually present with localized lymphadenopathy in the head and neck region. The cells within the follicles of PTFL typically show high‐grade cytology, IGH monoclonality and lack the t(14;18) chromosomal alteration. In contrast, pnMZL is characterized by progressive transformation of germinal center (PTGC)‐like features and interfollicular proliferation of the cells with expansion of the marginal zones with diffuse areas. Watch and wait after complete resection seems an adequate therapy with chemotherapy restricted to incompletely resected disease. All children with PTFL and pnMZL reported, so far, survived. B‐cell lymphomas presenting in the Waldeyer's ring are characterized by the expression of IRF4/MUM1 and often associated with IRF4 rearrangements. Because of the frequent diffuse component, treatment often follows current protocols for mature B‐NHL. The prognosis is excellent.
The modern approach to mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Rule Simon
Published: June 2019

Mantle Cell Lymphoma is a rare and generally aggressive form of non Hodgkin lymphoma. Our understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease is improving and whilst risk factors are understood, treatments are not yet tailored towards these. The treatment algorithm in the front line is well established for older and younger patients and observation is the norm for a subset of patients although these are not well characterised as yet. In the relapse setting the role of novel agents, especially the BTK inhibitors is becoming established and combination approaches look promising. Trials are beginning to challenge the role of chemotherapy against the novel agents especially as part of front line therapy. As a consequence it is likely we will see a paradigm shift in the management of this disease in the next few years.
LncRNA LOXL1‐AS1/miR‐let‐7a‐5p/EGFR‐related pathway regulates the doxorubicin resistance of prostate cancer DU‐145 cells
Authors: Bai Tianliang , Liu Yabin , Li Binghui
Published: June 2019

Our study aimed to investigate the effects of lncRNA LOXL1‐AS1/miR‐let‐7a‐5p/EGFR‐axis on prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Microarray analysis was conducted to determine differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs. Gene Set Enrichment analysis was implemented for verification of dys‐regulated signaling pathways between DU‐145 cells and doxorubicin‐resistant prostate cancer DU‐145 cells. Relative expression of lncRNA LOXL1‐AS1 in doxorubicin‐resistant prostate cancer DU‐145 cells was analyzed by qRT‐PCR. CCK‐8 assay and flow cytometry analysis were employed to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. Cell migration was performed by transwell assay. Furthermore, targeted relationships between lncRNA LOXL1‐AS1 and miR‐let‐7a‐5p, as well as miR‐let‐7a‐5p and EGFR were predicted using bioinformatics analysis and validated by dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay. Besides, tumor xenograft assay was utilized for verification of the roles of LOXL1‐AS1 in PCa progression in vivo. Microarray analysis showed that lncRNA LOXL1‐AS1 and EGFR were both downregulated, while miR‐let‐7a‐5p was upregulated in doxorubicin‐resistant prostate cancer DU‐145 cells. MiR‐let‐7a‐5p could target both lncRNA LOXL1‐AS1 and EGFR to affect PCa progression. Upregulation of lncRNA LOXL1‐AS1 promoted cell proliferation and migration, while suppressed cell apoptosis. Besides, it was further confirmed that EGFR was downregulated in drug‐resistant PCa cells and negatively correlated with miR‐let‐7a‐5p. Tumor xenograft assay verified that silence of lncRNA LOXL1‐AS1 inhibited the tumor growth in vivo in DU‐145 cells. Our results demonstrated that the lncRNALOXL1‐AS1/miR‐let‐7a‐5p/EGFR axis significantly affected proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of drug‐resistant DU‐145 Cells, which may provide us with a potential treatment strategy for drug‐resistant PCa patients. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 2019
A Pilot Study Showing Acute Inhibitory Effect of GLP‐1 on the Bone Resorption Marker CTX in Humans
Authors: Nissen Anne , Marstrand Simone , Skov‐Jeppesen Kirsa , Bremholm Lasse , Hornum Mads , Andersen Ulrik B , Holst Jens Juul , Rosenkilde Mette Marie , Hartmann Bolette
Published: June 2019

Bones have been suggested to be a target for glucagon‐like peptide ‐1 (GLP‐1); however, studies of the effects on human bones so far have given diverging results. We hypothesized that GLP‐1, together with glucagon‐like peptide‐2 and glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, plays a role in the gut–bone axis. We examined the acute effect of three GLP‐1 receptor ligands [GLP‐1 (7‐36)amide, GLP‐1 (9‐36)amide, and exenatide] on markers of bone remodeling. Eight healthy, normal‐weight participants, with a mean age of 24.3 years, were studied for 4 days in a double‐blinded, randomized clinical trial. Blood was collected before and after s.c. injection of GLP‐1 (7‐36)amide (1.5 nmol/kg), GLP‐1 (9‐36)amide (1.5 nmol/kg), exenatide (2.4 nmol/subject), or saline. Plasma was analyzed for bone markers and for osteoprotegerin (OPG), PTH, and IGF‐1 levels. All ligands were tested in vitro for their cAMP‐inducing activity on the human GLP‐1 receptor. GLP‐1 (7‐36)amide decreased CTX‐levels, compared with placebo (area under the curve [AUC] ±SD 0 to 120 min = –2143 ± 1294 % × min versus –883 ± 1557 % × min; p < 0.05). No difference was observed between placebo and GLP‐1 (9‐36)amide, or between placebo and exenatide, although exenatide had a similar potency as GLP‐1 (7‐36)amide for cAMP formation in vitro (EC50 of 0.093 and 0.054 nmol/L). However, exenatide reached maximum plasma concentration at 90 min versus 15 min for GLP‐1 (7‐36)amide, and plasma CTX was significantly decreased during the second hour of the study after exenatide injections compared with placebo (AUC ±SD –463.1 ± 218 % × min and –136 ± 91 % × min; p < 0.05). There was no effect of the injections on bone formation markers (P1NP and osteocalcin) or on OPG, PTH and IGF‐1 levels. In conclusion, we show that GLP‐1 receptor agonists, but not the primary metabolite GLP‐1 (9‐36)amide, decrease bone resorption, and suggest that GLP‐1 may be part of the gut–bone axis. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus is published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Chondrocyte-Specific RUNX2 Overexpression Accelerates Post-traumatic Osteoarthritis Progression in Adult Mice
Authors: Catheline Sarah E , Hoak Donna , Chang Martin , Ketz John P , Hilton Matthew J , Zuscik Michael J , Jonason Jennifer H
Published: June 2019

RUNX2 is a transcription factor critical for chondrocyte maturation and normal endochondral bone formation. It promotes the expression of factors catabolic to the cartilage extracellular matrix and is upregulated in human osteoarthritic cartilage and in murine articular cartilage following joint injury. To date, in vivo studies of RUNX2 overexpression in cartilage have been limited to forced expression in osteochondroprogenitor cells preventing investigation into the effects of chondrocyte-specific RUNX2 overexpression in postnatal articular cartilage. Here, we used the Rosa26Runx2 allele in combination with the inducible Col2a1CreERT2 transgene or the inducible AcanCreERT2 knock-in allele to achieve chondrocyte-specific RUNX2 overexpression (OE) during embryonic development or in the articular cartilage of adult mice, respectively. RUNX2 OE was induced at embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5) for all developmental studies. Histology and in situ hybridization analyses suggest an early onset of chondrocyte hypertrophy and accelerated terminal maturation in the limbs of the RUNX2 OE embryos compared to control embryos. For all postnatal studies, RUNX2 OE was induced at 2 months of age. Surprisingly, no histopathological signs of cartilage degeneration were observed even 6 months following induction of RUNX2 OE. Using the meniscal/ligamentous injury (MLI), a surgical model of knee joint destabilization and meniscal injury, however, we found that RUNX2 OE accelerates the progression of cartilage degeneration following joint trauma. One month following MLI, the numbers of MMP13-positive and TUNEL-positive chondrocytes were significantly greater in the articular cartilage of the RUNX2 OE joints compared to control joints and 2 months following MLI, histomorphometry and Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scoring revealed decreased cartilage area in the RUNX2 OE joints. Collectively, these results suggest that although RUNX2 overexpression alone may not be sufficient to initiate the OA degenerative process, it may predetermine the rate of OA onset and/or progression following traumatic joint injury. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
LINC01579 promotes cell proliferation by acting as a ceRNA of miR‐139‐5p to upregulate EIF4G2 expression in glioblastoma
Authors: Chai Yang , Xie Mingxiang
Published: June 2019

Glioblastoma (GBM), a malignant and lethal tumor, remains a big threat to human health and life. Increasing explorations have confirmed that long noncoding RNAs are involved in the tumorigenesis and development of multiple cancers. Nevertheless, the regulatory mechanism of (long intergenic nonprotein coding RNA 1579 LINC01579) in GBM remains to be investigated. In this study, the expression of LINC01579 was upregulated in GBM cells and LINC01579 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation as well as promoted cell apoptosis. Additionally, LINC01579 acted as a sponge for miR‐139‐5p in GBM and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 2 (EIF4G2) was found to be a downstream target of miR‐139‐5p. Furthermore, the positive correlation of LINC01579 and EIF4G2 as well as the converse correlation between miR‐139‐5p and LINC01579 (or EIF4G2) were revealed by the experiments. Based on rescue assays, EIF4G2 overexpression or miR‐139‐5p inhibitor partially recovered the function of LINC01579 knockdown on cell proliferation and apoptosis. In summary, the results of this study verified that LINC01579 modulated cell proliferation and cell apoptosis in GBM by competitively binding with miR‐139‐5p to regulate EIF4G2, which provided a new clue to figure out potential therapy for patients suffered from GBM.
Slc25a17 acts as a peroxisomal coenzyme A transporter and regulates multiorgan development in zebrafish
Authors: Kim Yong‐Il , Nam In‐Koo , Lee Dong‐Kyu , Bhandari Sushil , Charton Lennart , Kwak SeongAe , Lim Jae‐Young , Hong KwangHeum , Kim Se‐Jin , Lee Joon No , Kwon Sung Won , So Hong‐Seob , Linka Nicole , Park Raekil , Choe Seong‐Kyu
Published: June 2019

Slc25a17 is known as a peroxisomal solute carrier, but the in vivo role of the protein has not been demonstrated. We found that the zebrafish genome contains twoslc25a17genes that function redundantly, but additively. Notably, peroxisome function inslc25a17knockdown embryos is severely compromised, resulting in an altered lipid composition. Along the defects found in peroxisome‐associated phenotypic presentations, we highlighted that development of the swim bladder is also highly dependent on Slc25a17 function. As Slc25a17 showed substrate specificity towards coenzyme A (CoA), injecting CoA, but not NAD+, rescued the defective swim bladder induced byslc25a17knockdown. These results indicated that Slc25a17 acts as a CoA transporter, involved in the maintenance of functional peroxisomes that are essential for the development of multiple organs during zebrafish embryogenesis. Given high homology in protein sequences, the role of zebrafish Slc25a17 may also be applicable to the mammalian system.
An antibody to Notch3 reverses the skeletal phenotype of lateral meningocele syndrome in male mice
Authors: Yu Jungeun , Siebel Christian W. , Schilling Lauren , Canalis Ernesto
Published: June 2019

Lateral meningocele syndrome (LMS), a genetic disorder characterized by meningoceles and skeletal abnormalities, is associated with NOTCH3 mutations. We created a mouse model of LMS (Notch3tm1.1Ecan) by introducing a tandem termination codon in the Notch3 locus upstream of the proline (P), glutamic acid (E), serine (S) and threonine (T) domain. Microcomputed tomography demonstrated that Notch3tm1.1Ecan mice exhibit osteopenia. The cancellous bone osteopenia was no longer observed after the intraperitoneal administration of antibodies directed to the negative regulatory region (NRR) of Notch3. The anti‐Notch3 NRR antibody suppressed the expression of Hes1, Hey1, and Hey2 (Notch target genes), and decreased Tnfsf11 (receptor activator of NF Kappa B ligand) messenger RNA in Notch3tm1.1Ecan osteoblast (OB) cultures. Bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMMs) from Notch3tm1.1Ecan mutants exhibited enhanced osteoclastogenesis in culture, and this was increased in cocultures with Notch3tm1.1Ecan OB. Osteoclastogenesis was suppressed by anti‐Notch3 NRR antibodies in Notch3tm1.1Ecan OB/BMM cocultures. In conclusion, the cancellous bone osteopenia of Notch3tm1.1Ecan mutants is reversed by anti‐Notch3 NRR antibodies.
Identification of genes and pathways in human antigen‐presenting cell subsets in response to polio vaccine by bioinformatical analysis
Authors: Yanan Wu , Wenyong Zhu , Ze Liu , Jingxia Gao , Lei Ma , Shengjie Ouyang , Bingjie Zhang , Xiaohu Dai , Weidong Li , Guoyang Liao
Published: June 2019

Background

Polio eradication has been achieved in the world except for three countries due to the widespread use of the inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) and the live‐attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine. Following polio eradication, the IPV would be the only polio vaccine available. However, the mechanisms of the interactions between IPV and human antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) remain largely unclear.

Methods

To investigate the involvement of the IPV in human monocytes, we downloaded the gene chip GSE44721 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the GEO2R analysis tool. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed for DEGs using the Metascape database. DEG‐associated protein–protein‐interactions (PPIs) were established by the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes website and visualized by Cytoscape.

Results

There were 240 DEGs (51 upregulated and 189 downregulated genes) identified from the GSE44721 data set, and they were significantly enriched in several biological processes, including antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib, adaptive immune response, and response to interferon‐gamma. One hundred thirty‐six nodes were screened from the DEG PPI network. There were six significant hub proteins (WDR36, MRTO4, RPF2, PPAN, CD40, and BMS1) that regulated the IPV in human monocytes.

Conclusions

In summary, using bioinformatical analysis, we have information for the immunization activated by the IPV in monocytes. Moreover, hormones and cytokines regulate the activation of APCs.
Advantages of asymmetrical over symmetrical cells for detection of under deposit CO2 corrosion using electrochemical noise
Authors: Zeidabadinejad Mahdieh , Shahidi‐Zandi Mehdi , Foroughi Mohammad Mehdi , Asadollahzadeh Hamideh
Published: June 2019

Electrochemical noise (EN) measurements were done on symmetrical and asymmetrical cells after immersion in 3.5% NaCl solutions saturated with CO2 and containing different concentrations of sodium bicarbonate to get a better interpretation of the under‐deposit corrosion of mild steel. The symmetrical cell was constructed from two sand‐deposited electrodes and the asymmetrical cell was prepared from one sand‐deposited electrode and one bare electrode. The combination of the standard deviation of partial signal (SDPS) plots arising from wavelet analysis and recurrence plots for analyzing the EN signals obtained from symmetrical and asymmetrical cells confirmed the higher detective ability of the asymmetrical cells in comparison with the symmetrical cells for measuring the under‐deposit corrosion of mild steel. Both the SDPS and recurrence plots arising from symmetrical cells showed no significant change in the corrosion severity of the steel alloy with adding sodium bicarbonate. In contrast, the SDPS and recurrence plots of the asymmetrical cells proved that the corrosion severity decreased initially with adding the bicarbonate and thereafter remained constant with increasing the bicarbonate concentration. The optical microscopy images of the sand‐covered electrode surface confirmed the latter result.
Corrosion behavior of under‐, peak‐, and over‐aged 6063 alloy: A comparative study
Authors: Sekhar Aluru Praveen , Das Debdulal
Published: June 2019

The mechanical property of age‐hardenable Al‐alloys is governed by the state of ageing, which determines the microstructure and consequently, their corrosion behavior which is a vital aspect for a number of applications. This article presents a comparative assessment of corrosion behavior of under‐, peak‐ and over‐aged Al‐Mg‐Si alloy. Corrosion characteristics have been determined via immersion tests in 0.1 M ortho‐phosphoric acid solution and intergranular corrosion (IGC) tests. Corroded surfaces are examined by field emission scanning electron micrographs‐energy dispersive spectroscopy and 3D optical profilometer. The obtained results reveal that the corrosion rate at a specific immersion time as well as the depth of IGC increases in the order for under‐, peak‐, and over‐aged states. Irrespective of the state of ageing, corrosion loss increases linearly but the rate of corrosion decreases rapidly with increasing immersion time. The dominant mode of corrosion in under‐aged alloy is identified as localized pitting, while peak‐aged is highly susceptible to IGC in contrast extensive pitting corrosion is observed for over‐aged alloy. The observed differences in corrosion behavior are explained considering characteristics of precipitates. Formation of β (Mg2Si) in case of over‐aged alloy and presence of inclusions like AlFeMnSi particles are found to accelerate pitting corrosion.
Reversible Hydrogen Releasing and Fixing with Poly(Vinylfluorenol) through a Mild Ir‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenation and Electrochemical Hydrogenation
Authors: Kato Ryo , Oka Kouki , Yoshimasa Keisuke , Nakajima Masataka , Nishide Hiroyuki , Oyaizu Kenichi
Published: June 2019

The radical polymerization of 2‐vinylfluorenol, an alcohol derivative of vinylfluorene, gives poly(vinylfluorenol), which quantitatively releases hydrogen gas (≈110 mL per gram polymer at standard temperature and pressure) by simply warming at 100 °C with an iridium catalyst. A high population of fluorenol units in the polymer accomplishes a large formula‐weight‐based theoretical hydrogen density (1.0 wt%). The dehydrogenated ketone derivative, poly(vinylfluorenone), exhibits reversible negative‐charge storage with a high density of 260 mAh g−1. The electrolytically reduced poly(vinylfluorenone) is momentarily hydrogenated in the presence of an electrolyte with water as the hydrogen source to be converted to the original poly(vinylfluorenol). The formed poly(vinylfluorenol) almost quantitatively evolves hydrogen gas similar to the starting poly(vinylfluorenol). Both hydrogen and charge storage with the organic fluorenol/fluorenone polymer suggest a new type of energy‐storage configuration.
An Overview of Carotenoids, Apocarotenoids, and Vitamin A in Agro‐Food, Nutrition, Health, and Disease
Authors: Meléndez‐Martínez Antonio J.
Published: June 2019

Carotenoids are fascinating compounds that can be converted into many others, including retinoids that also play key roles in many processes. Although carotenoids are largely known in the context of food science, nutrition, and health as natural colorants and precursors of vitamin A (VA), evidence has accumulated that even those that cannot be converted to VA may be involved in health‐promoting biological actions. It is not surprising that carotenoids (most notably lutein) are among the bioactives for which the need to establish recommended dietary intakes have been recently discussed. In this review, the importance of carotenoids (including apocarotenoids) and key derivatives (retinoids with VA activity) in agro‐food with relevance to health is summarized. Furthermore, the European Network to Advance Carotenoid Research and Applications in Agro‐Food and Health (EUROCAROTEN) is introduced. EUROCAROTEN originated from the Ibero‐American Network for the Study of Carotenoids as Functional Food Ingredients (IBERCAROT).
Climate impacts on the ocean are making the Sustainable Development Goals a moving target travelling away from us
Authors: Singh Gerald G. , Hilmi Nathalie , Bernhardt Joey R. , Cisneros Montemayor Andres M. , Cashion Madeline , Ota Yoshitaka , Acar Sevil , Brown Jason M. , Cottrell Richard , Djoundourian Salpie , González‐Espinosa Pedro C. , Lam Vicky , Marshall Nadine , Neumann Barbara , Pascal Nicolas , Reygondeau Gabriel , Rocklӧv Joacim , Safa Alain , Virto Laura R. , Cheung William
Published: June 2019

Climate change is impacting marine ecosystems and their goods and services in diverse ways, which can directly hinder our ability to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), set out under the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

Through expert elicitation and a literature review, we find that most climate change effects have a wide variety of negative consequences across marine ecosystem services, though most studies have highlighted impacts from warming and consequences of marine species.

Climate change is expected to negatively influence marine ecosystem services through global stressors—such as ocean warming and acidification—but also by amplifying local and regional stressors such as freshwater runoff and pollution load.

Experts indicated that all SDGs would be overwhelmingly negatively affected by these climate impacts on marine ecosystem services, with eliminating hunger being among the most directly negatively affected SDG.

Despite these challenges, the SDGs aiming to transform our consumption and production practices and develop clean energy systems are found to be least affected by marine climate impacts. These findings represent a strategic point of entry for countries to achieve sustainable development, given that these two goals are relatively robust to climate impacts and that they are important pre‐requisite for other SDGs.

Our results suggest that climate change impacts on marine ecosystems are set to make the SDGs a moving target travelling away from us. Effective and urgent action towards sustainable development, including mitigating and adapting to climate impacts on marine systems are important to achieve the SDGs, but the longer this action stalls the more distant these goals will become.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Assessing effects of ultraviolet ageing on the thermal properties and thermal degradation kinetics of long glass fiber‐reinforced polyamide 6 composites filled with zinc oxide
Authors: He Weidi , Guo Xincheng , Wang Na , Chen Shaopeng , Chen Xiaolang , Guo Jianbing , Zhang Kun , Wei Tao
Published: June 2019

In this work, the effects of ultraviolet (UV) ageing on the thermal stability, mechanical properties, and thermal degradation kinetics of long glass fiber‐reinforced polyamide 6 (PA6/LGF) composites filled with zinc oxide (ZnO) are analyzed. The composites with different contents of ZnO expose in the UV radiation of the wavelength of 340 nm for 0 to 800 h. An increase in tensile strength and a decrease in impact strength are observed with longer ageing time while samples filled with ZnO have a higher retention rate of tensile and impact strength after long time ageing. The morphology of the impact fractures of aged and unaged samples obtained by scanning electronic microscopy shows nearly no difference. Then the thermal stability and degradation kinetics of the samples with different filler fraction and different ageing time are investigated by thermal gravimetric analysis with the methods of Kissinger, Friedman, and Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa in the dynamic measurements (10‐40°C/min). Calculated apparent activation energy (E) values by the three methods show that the samples filled with 6 wt% ZnO have a slightly lower value of E than PA6/LGF composites and nearly no change after longtime UV irradiation.
Bamboo particle reinforced polypropylene composites made from different fractions of bamboo culm: Fiber characterization and analysis of composite properties
Authors: Tan Wei , Hao Xiaolong , Fan Qi , Sun Lichao , Xu Junjie , Wang Qingwen , Ou Rongxian
Published: June 2019

Differences in anatomical structure and chemical composition of bamboo fractions have an obvious influence on the properties of bamboo thermoplastic composites (BPCs). Six fractions of bamboo particles including bamboo culm (BC), bamboo green (BG), bamboo timber (BT), bamboo yellow (BY), bamboo node (BN), and bamboo processing residue (BR) were prepared and compounded with polypropylene (PP) to fabricate BPCs using extrusion. The anatomical structure, chemical composition, crystallinity, and morphology of the bamboo particles were characterized. The processability, mechanical properties, creep‐recovery, and dynamic viscoelasticity of the BPCs were evaluated. The results show that the anatomical structure and composition of the bamboo fractions influenced the crystallinity, morphology, and aspect ratio (L/D) of the bamboo particles, as well as the performance of the resulting composites. BG had the largest crystallinity, length, and L/D, followed by BC and BT. BY was the shortest with the smallest L/D. The BC/PP composites exhibited the best processability and optimal mechanical properties. The BG/PP composites had the highest modulus and creep resistance. The BY/PP composites had the poorest processability and mechanical performance. These results indicate that BG from processing residues can be recycled into high‐value composites and provide a scientific basis for further research on BPCs made from bamboo processing residues.
Instructed‐assembly of small peptides inhibits drug‐resistant prostate cancer cells
Authors: Feng Zhaoqianqi , Wang Huaimin , Yi Meihui , Lo Chieh‐Yun , Sallee Ashanti , Hsieh Jer‐Tsong , Xu Bing
Published: June 2019

Despite multiple new‐drug approvals in recent years, prostate cancer remains a global health challenge because of the prostate cancers are resistant to androgen deprivation therapy. Here, we show that a small D‐phosphopeptide undergoes prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP)‐instructed self‐assembly for inhibiting castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells. Specifically, the installation of phosphate at the C‐terminal of a D‐tripeptide results in the D‐phosphopeptide. Dephosphorylating the D‐phosphopeptide by PAP forms uniform nanofibers that inhibit VCaP, a CRPC cell. A non‐hydrolyzable phosphate analogue of the D‐phosphopeptide, which shares similar self‐assembling properties with the D‐phosphopeptide, confirms that PAP‐instructed assembly is critical for the inhibition of VCaP. This work, for the first time, demonstrates PAP‐instructed self‐assembly of peptides for selective inhibiting CRPC cells.
The effect of turn residues on the folding and cell‐penetrating activity of β‐hairpin peptides and applications toward protein delivery
Authors: Miller Stephen E. , Schneider Joel P.
Published: June 2019

Cell‐penetrating peptides (CPPs) are useful tools for the delivery of a wide variety of cargo into cells. Our lab has developed two classes of CPPs based on β‐hairpin sequences, one that folds at the surface of cell membranes and the other that is intrinsically disordered. Although these peptides can effectively deliver different types of cargo, their use in protein delivery has been hindered due to the presence of non‐natural D‐proline within the central turn region of both sequences, which prohibits functionalizing proteins with the CPPs via standard expression protocols. In this work, we describe new CPPs that replace the non‐natural turn region with natural turn motifs amenable to protein expression. We first investigate how these changes within the turn affect various CPP‐related properties in the absence of protein cargo, and then generate protein fusions for intracellular delivery.
artMAP: A user‐friendly tool for mapping ethyl methanesulfonate‐induced mutations in Arabidopsis
Authors: Javorka Peter , Raxwal Vivek K. , Najvarek Jan , Riha Karel
Published: June 2019

Mapping‐by‐sequencing is a rapid method for identifying both natural as well as induced variations in the genome. However, it requires extensive bioinformatics expertise along with the computational infrastructure to analyze the sequencing data and these requirements have limited its widespread adoption. In the current study, we develop an easy to use tool, artMAP, to discover ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) induced mutations in the Arabidopsis genome. The artMAP pipeline consists of well‐established tools including TrimGalore, BWA, BEDTools, SAMtools, and SnpEff which were integrated in a Docker container. artMAP provides a graphical user interface and can be run on a regular laptop and desktop, thereby limiting the bioinformatics expertise required. artMAP can process input sequencing files generated from single or paired‐end sequencing. The results of the analysis are presented in interactive graphs which display the annotation details of each mutation. Due to its ease of use, artMAP makes the identification of EMS‐induced mutations in Arabidopsis possible with only a few mouse click. The source code of artMAP is available on Github (https://github.com/RihaLab/artMAP).
Protein Function Prediction: From Traditional Classifier to Deep Learning
Authors: Lv Zhibin , Ao Chunyan , Zou Quan
Published: June 2019

Deep learning demonstrates greater competence over traditional machine learning techniques for many tasks. In last several years, deep learning has been applied to protein function prediction and a series of good achievements has been obtained. These findings extensively advanced our understanding of protein function. However, the accuracy of protein function prediction based upon deep learning still has yet to be improved. In article number 1900019, Issue 12, Zhang et al. construct DeepFunc, a deep learning framework using derived feature information of protein sequence and protein interactions network. They find that implementing DeepFunc for protein function prediction is more accurate than using DeepGO, a similar method reported previously. Meanwhile, they find that the method of combining multiple derived feature information in DeepFunc is much better than the method of using only single derived feature information. Due to its fully exploiting feature representation learning ability, deep learning with more derived feature information will enable it to be a promising method for solving more complicated protein function prediction problems and other bioinformatics challenges. Recent researches have provided some major insights into the value for using deep learning to protein function prediction problem.
High‐Pressure Characterization of High‐Performance Insensitive Energetic Materials: Dihydroxylammonium 5,5’‐Bis(3‐Nitro‐1,2,4‐Triazolate‐1N‐Oxide) (MAD‐X1)
Authors: Bennion Jonathan C. , Ciezak‐Jenkins Jennifer A. , Jenkins Timothy A.
Published: June 2019

The high‐pressure behavior of dihydroxylammonium 5,5’‐bis(3‐nitro‐1,2,4‐triazolate‐1 N‐oxide) (MAD‐X1) was studied at room temperature to 25 GPa by Raman spectroscopy and powder X‐ray diffraction. No evidence of polymorphism was observed over this pressure range, indicating that the ambient structure of MAD‐X1 remains stable up to conditions similar to the detonation pressure of the material. Additionally, such findings suggest that this high performance material can serve as an insensitive RDX replacement in energetic formulations without the concern of uncontrolled polymorphism that might otherwise affect the performance and safety of the munition.