bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lock-brick system technology is an ecological building material innovation
Authors: Susilawati C L , Yulius Suni P K , Tjandra E
Published: February 2020

The rapid development of housing requires the support of building materials technology innovation. The problem is that the cost of building materials produced not affordable by people in rural areas or for the lower-middle-class people. The buildings in the city are magnificent, but in contrary, in the village many houses still consist of bamboo-wall and leaf-roof. Some tried to build their houses using bricks, but they could not finish the building construction due to limited budget for purchasing material. It encourages for development of an environmentally friendly, safe and cheap building material: lock-brick. Villagers could make this material by themself since the raw materials are soils plus a little cement with a ratio between 1:8-10. First, this technology was piloted for simple house building, then for dormitories building and household-scale rainwater management, consisting of rainwater reservoir and runoff catchment ditches. Then, this system implemented for retaining-walls construction and currently also being tested for campus parking area. The trials results are good, and the construction costs are also much cheaper. It could reduce by 50%. Once again, the construction is very environmentally friendly, so can be said that this lock-brick system is an ecological building material innovation.
Provision of community based clean water in Tonggo village, Nangaroro District, Nagekeo Regency
Authors: Meo Y , Tyas I W
Published: February 2020

The development of the clean water sector in rural areas is intended to help rural communities who do not have access to safe and decent clean water, especially the poor. Clean water facilities that have been built, then managed by the community with the establishment of a village institution called LPPAM (Drinking Water User Management Agency). Service reliability is indicated by the quality and continuity of water received by the water customer community. To test these allegations, research has been conducted using field observation techniques, interviews, and filling out questionnaires. The results showed that rural clean water management in Tonggo Village, for the majority of service aspects, was still in the category of less satisfied, and the quantity aspect was still insufficient. For water, quality is tasteless, colorless, and odorless. As for the continuity aspect, it still cannot flow 24 hours for some parts of the region in Tonggo Village. It is hoped that with this research, LPPAM - Tonggo will learn more or take courses and training to get community-based management so that they can work and serve the community better.
Construction labor’s physiological workload based on labor’s perspective
Authors: Anondho B , Suparman M Y
Published: February 2020

Construction craftwork is a physically strenuous and demanding occupation. Physically demanding work leads to physical fatigue which is associated with decreased productivity. This paper investigates the feasibility of measuring in situ physical demands based on a labor perspective. In that case, physiological measures of energy expenditure data were collected from 110 construction workers performing typical construction work, in this case, is an ironworker. The measurement of energy expenditure during physical work activities is considered a measure of the physiological workload experienced by construction workers. The measured data were evaluated against published guidelines for acceptable levels of physical performance. The result shows that the working load of ironworkers in Jakarta is very heavy on 3.0925 Kcal/minute energy expenditure by labor perspective. This paper developed for further applied research regarding the physical demands of construction work.
A GIS analysis approach for flood vulnerability and risk assessment index models at sub-district scale
Authors: Djamaluddin I , Indrayani P , Caronge M A
Published: February 2020

This paper presents flood vulnerability and risk assessment index models, with the aim to establish a spatial risk index at sub-district scales for urban flood scenarios in the Makassar region. Firstly, the overall vulnerability assessment to floods based on the local framework analysis of the BNPB (The Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management) has been developed using Geographical Information System (GIS) analysis. These indicators were composed of various social, physical, economic, and environmental factors. Second, GIS analysis conducts grid index modeling of flood hazard model by incorporating the measurement of floods in 2013 as a flood hazard scenario. Finally, by combining the spatial factors of flood hazard and flood vulnerabilities, a flood risk assessment model has been simulated at sub-district scales to evaluate the potential impacts on social, physical, economic, and environmental aspects.
Analysis the effects of soil-structure interaction on the seismic behaviours of a 5-stories reinforced concrete building with basements
Authors: Sudarsana I K , Widiarsa I B R , Predana I M A
Published: February 2020

The paper presents analysis results of structural behaviour with and without soil-structure interaction on a five-story reinforced concrete building with basements due to seismic loads. Two numbers of basements were considered namely the building with one basement floor (M1 model) and two basement floors (M2 model). Each of the M1 and M2 model has three variations with and without the soil structure interaction namely the model with the fixed supports (MJ1 and MJ2 models), the model with solid element of the soil (MSo1 and MSo2 models), and the model with lateral soil support of spring elements (MSp1 and MSp2 models). The Soil parameters of modulus elasticity, poisons ratio, reaction modulus and spring stiffness for the MSo and MSp models were obtained from soil investigation. All six models having loads combination of gravity and earthquake loads were analysed using a finite element software package program. All loadings and design codes follow Indonesian codes. Earthquake loads were evaluated using two methods namely equivalent static loads and spectrum response analysis. The results show that the roof-floor displacements of the soil-structure interaction model (MSo and MSp) are greater 2% to 3% than to that of the non-soil-structure interaction models (MJ). The roof drift and natural fundamental period of the MSo and MSp models is greater 1% to 2% than that of the MJ model. The axial force of the columns in the MSo and MSp models is less 1% to 3% than the MJ model. The addition of basement floors to the building and modelling with soil structure interactions can minimize the roof floor displacement, the natural fundamental period of the structure, and axial force of the column by 1% to 2%.
Compressive strength of laterite soil stabilized with rice straw ash and fly ash based geopolymer
Authors: Rangan P R , Irmawaty R , Amiruddin A A , Bakri B
Published: February 2020

This study discusses the use of rice straw ash, fly ash and alkali activators (NaOH) to bind laterite soils, where the hardening process is carried out at room temperature to form geopolymers. Comparison of the binder composition used consisted of straw ash: fly ash: laterite soil that is 0.417: 0.167: 0.417 based on weight ratio, using a base activator (NaOH). Flow testing on new geopolymers shows that all materials are well bound and there is no segregation. The specimens are curing until 3, 7 and 28 days old. There are two curing methods used, which are keep in the room temperature and immersed in fresh water, to observe the resistance of the specimens to environmental. Experimental results show that laterite soil with straw ash-fly ash based geopolymer can provide sufficient compressive strength.
Compressive strength of medium calcium fly ash based geopolymer paste
Authors: Guntur I N , Tjaronge M W , Irmawaty R , Ekaputri J J
Published: February 2020

This study discusses the effect of heating duration and curing age on compressive strength geopolymer paste made with medium calcium fly ash and potassium hydroxide solution (KOH). The hardening process was performed in an oven at a temperature of 100 ± 5°C in a variety of heating duration for 2, 4, and 6 hours to form a geopolymer paste with a potassium hydroxide concentration of 6 M. Flow testing on fresh paste indicatesd that all materials was bond properly without segregation. After the heating process in the oven, the spesimens were cured at room temperature until the age of 3, 7, and 28 days. The results of the compressive tests indicated that the heating duration and curing age were the key factors. Where there is no visible negative effect of the medium level CaO content in fly ash against compressive strength development of the hardened geopolymer paste.
Feasibility of using slacked lime in producing high calcium fly ash based geopolymer mortar
Authors: Al-Basyar M H , Tjaronge M W , Amiruddin A A
Published: February 2020

Many efforts have been made to decrease ordinary Portland cement (OPC) consumption in the construction world. One of which is developing research on geopolymer material. A type of base material to produce geopolymers is fly ash that rich silica and alumina. This paper aims to the study possibility of using hydrated lime in producing high calcium fly ash based geopolymer mortar. The test material is then given curing treatment for 3 and 7 days before being tested for compressive strength. The test results of material characteristics indicate that the compressive strength at 7 days can be used as a concrete brick for class IV wall pairs for the level of quality of hollow concrete brick of 20 kg / cm2 based on SNI 03-0349-1989.
Shape optimization of shell structure by using Genetic Algorithm (GA) method
Authors: Adha A , Kurniawan  , Agus F
Published: February 2020

Shell structure has been popular for various application in building, aerospace, oil and gas, ship and automobile industry. This type of element is light weight and can be provide great stiffness for large structure. Furthermore, it is very useful for building architecture and appearance. However, currently, construction is not only concerning structural strength but also focusing on building cost and its impact to environment. Finding the balance between structural strength, cost and aesthetic appearance is essentials this nowadays. Hence, construction framework to find the leeway between those parameters is greatly important. This paper will discuss the framework for shape optimization of shell element by using Genetic Algorithm (GA) method. The shape of structure will be developed from Non-Uniform Rationale Bi-Spline (NURBS). Finite element analysis based on Reissner-Mindlin plate theory is utilized to find the element stress within the structure. Genetic algorithm method will evaluate and perform search operation inside the result domain with constraints of structural weight and element stress. The framework then was implemented in numerical example to find its effectiveness on obtaining the most optimum shape of shell structure. Based on the numerical result, it is clear that the proposed frame work is able to reach the convergence to the optimum structure without violating the given constraints.
A mathematical model for strength prediction of HPC containing copper slag as a cementitious material
Authors: Edwin R S
Published: February 2020

High-performance concrete (HPC) encompasses cement, copper slag, sand, coarse aggregate, superplasticizer, and water. The strength of HPC is determined by the specific surface area of supplementary cementitious materials. Hence it is interesting to investigate the effect of copper slag as a cement replacement on the strength of HPC. In this study, three-level of water-to-cement ratios (0.3, 0,4, and 0,5) were chosen. The various concrete mixtures are produced with increasing copper slag contents from 0 to 40 wt.% in steps of 10 wt.% as cement replacement. To obtain two levels of fineness, the copper slag was milled using a ball mill. The result shows that the strength of concrete containing copper slag for all water-to-cement ratio was lower than the control mixture at an early age (7 days). For the longer curing periods (28 days), the compressive strength of concrete was similar or slightly higher compared to the reference mixture at the replacement level up to 20% for two-level of fineness. A new model, according to Abrams Law, which is Abram-RET, is being proposed by the author to predict the compressive strength of high-performance concrete at 28 days, which gives a strong correlation with the experimental results.
Bearing capacity of synthetic granular column enchased reinforcement geogrid on soft soil
Authors: Kurniatullah D A , Samang L , Hartanto T , Ali N
Published: February 2020

The soil reinforcement method using columns has been widely used in some places. Stones or sand and stones are commonly used as fillers for those columns. The availability of natural stones constitutes a major constraint in some areas where there are no coarse aggregates (gravel). This research aims to analyze the use of artificial granular columns using geogrids on soft soil reinforcement. As column fillers, geogrid wrapped synthetic gravel was used. Variations in the shape of the synthetic gravel included a triangular prism, cube, and hexagonal prism. The test tub used was 800 mm in diameter, with a height of 1,400 mm. Column loading was undertaken for each variation in the size of synthetic gravel, plus a combination of the three sizes. The amount of column loading for each variation was 30 kN. Based on results of the loading test, the largest carrying capacity was generated by columns with fillers of synthetic gravel with a hexagonal prism shape and a combination of the three variations.
Characteristics study of over boulder asbuton as pozzolanic material for soft soil stabilization
Authors: Dhani N , Samang L , Harianto T , Djamaluddin A R
Published: February 2020

Over Boulder Asbuton is a natural asphalt from Buton Island which is a layer of topsoil with a large deposit that can be used as a road material because besides containing bitumen, the mineral also has lime (CaCO3) which is quite high up to 80% with its mineralogy content containing Calcium amounting to 79.64% and silica element at 9.63% so that the mineral composition contains positive ions and can be said to be pozzolanic material, which can function as a stabilizing material on soft soil. Therefore, in this study utilizing these minerals as an alternative to soil stabilization ingredients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Asbuton Over Boulder characteristics as a stabilization material through laboratory tests so that the proportion and variation of Asbuton Over Boulder minerals were obtained to increase the bearing capacity on expansive soils. Over Boulder Asbuton was taken at the location of the Kabungka, Lawale, and Sampolawa blocks, then the preparation of the material was carried out in the laboratory, namely by drying in the open air until it reached air dry. The specimens used were cylindrical in H = 2D size, from the Asbuton Over Boulder mineral test results, the qu max value was obtained at 21 days curing time = 0.624kg / cm3, in the Proctor optimum moisture content. The value of California Bearing Ratio (CBR-Unsoaked) was 12.06% and the value of California Bearing Ratio (CBR-Soaked) obtained was 8.04%. So from the results obtained, that the utilization of Asbuton Over Boulder greatly affects the stability of the soil that will be used as a construction material.
Effects of abaca fiber additives for cold emulsion asphalt mixture
Authors: Manginsihi BK , Tjaronge M W , Muhiddin AB , Harianto T
Published: February 2020

Airport network and Commercial Flight Service network need to be planned and assesses periodically. The planning must be developed based on the Air Passenger Demand prediction. Direct Trip Distribution Model seems the most appropriate for this prediction. Direct Gravity Trip Distribution model was tried to be developed, calculated by using the iterative method. The research gives an indication that the Direct Gravity Trip Distribution can be developed and used. The general formula has been developed. The appropriate formula variables, incorporating the attraction coefficient, the attraction mass, the impedance and its powering value still need to investigate. The calculation method has been developed but needs to be refined, including the optimum and the accuracy indicator. The Direct Gravity Trip Distribution Model can be used either for Air Transport and Sea Transport.
Feasibility of crumb rubber as fine aggregate in concrete
Authors: Irmawaty R , Noor N M , Muhaimin A A
Published: February 2020

Production of tires in Indonesia increase steadily, however, utilization of waste tires is very limited. Thus, it is necessary to look for an alternative using waste tires for concrete construction. The objectives focus on using crumb rubber as a waste tire with variations in substitution of crumb rubber to fine aggregate in the concrete of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%. In addition, to improve crumb rubber bonding to the concrete mixture, 10% NaOH solution was used. This research is true experimental by making a concrete mixture with a target strength of 20 MPa. The compressive strength testing was conducted at 3, 14, and 28 days, while for splitting test and modulus of elasticity at 28 days. The result showed that each addition 10% of crumb rubber, the weight of concrete volume decreased by 3 %. Compressive strength and splitting strength also decreased with increasing crumb rubber volume. Every 20% addition of crumb rubber, the compressive strength decreased of 26%, while the splitting strength decreased by 10%. The substitution of crumb rubber more than 20% of the volume of fine aggregate is not recommended.
Flowability of self-compacting concrete containing marine materials and steel fiber
Authors: Raidyarto A , Parung H , Tjaronge M W , Djamaluddin R
Published: February 2020

In order to eliminate the main problems of clean water shortage and fine aggregate in the low land areas and the distant islands, it is purpose to utilize the sea water, marine sand, Portland composite cement and steel fiber to produce the high performance Self Compacting Concrete (SCC). The evaluation result on the mix design and flowability (slump flow, segregation) were discussed. The test results show that SCC made from sea water, marine sand and steel fibers was non-segregating concrete with a highly flowable type of concrete that spreads into the form without the need for mechanical vibration.
Numerical study of confined masonry structure considering wall density index
Authors: Budiwati I A M , Sukrawa M , Dewi N K T
Published: February 2020

The confined wall structure (CWS) of medium-rise buildings are generally built with walls of the same thickness. It causes stress at the bottom wall-story to become the highest. Numerical analysis was conducted to evaluate the behavior of CWS with wall density index variations. Three 4-story CWS buildings with different wall thicknesses were modeled in finite element software. Model 1 (M1) considered the same wall thickness for the whole building; M2 and M3 varied the thickness where the top floor wall was the thinnest. The calculation of wall density index (WDI) was performed on all three models. The results showed that the value of WDI calculated using the transformation method is the closest because it takes into account the differences in material quality and its value meets the standard requirements. Analysis results showed that the drift ratio for all three models were less than 0.2%, which also fulfilled the requirement. However, M3 showed the highest displacement. Compressive stress, tensile stress, and shear stress for M1 and M3 models satisfied the allowable stresses, but maximum compressive stress on the top-level wall of M2 exceeded the permitted stress.
Tensile strength of glass fiber-reinforced waste PET and Kenauf hybrid composites
Authors: Amir M , Irmawaty R , Hustim M , Rahim I R
Published: February 2020

Increasing the amount of plastic waste from year to year is inevitable due to the increased use of plastics by people in the World. This study aims to evaluate the mechanical behavior, in this case, the tensile strength of a hybrid composite between kenaf natural fibers, PET plastic waste and glass fibers for wallboard. This research takes the form of experimental tests in the laboratory. The composite material to be made is a mixture of plastic, kenaf fiber with glass fiber with polyester reinforcement. Both kenaf and glass fiber is made in sheet form. The hypothesis developed in this laboratory study from previous research found that kenaf and glass fiber hybrid material can be used for partition material. Results showed that hybridization with glass fiber enhanced performance properties. A value of 48,5 MPa for tensile strength is achieved from waste PET glass kenaf hybrid composite without immersion.
The bonding strength of GFRP bars embedded within concrete under direct pull-out test
Authors: Kusnadi  , Djamaluddin R , Muhiddin B , Irmawaty R
Published: February 2020

Most of the reinforced concrete (RC) structures in the marine environment attacked with corrosion of steel reinforcements that required costly repairs or replacements. The utilization of FRP bars as a non-corrosion material is one of the solutions to increase the durability of RC structures in the marine environment. The innovation of using FRP bars should be developed to improve the quality and reduce the construction cost such as by removing the concrete cover and shear rebar. By removing the concrete cover, the depth of the beam can be minimized without reducing the effective depth of the beam. To substitute the conventional shear rebar, the GFRP sheet strip will be attached to the shear span after concrete hardened. However, the problem is that the bonding area between FRP bars and concrete reduced due to the removal of concrete cover. Therefore, before applying this innovation to the beams’ structure, the pull-out test should be conducted in order to clarify this behavior. The influence of the location of FRP bars and the effect of the U-Wrap GFRP sheet on the bond-slip curves will be analyzed. It is expected from this study that the bonding strength between FRP bars and concrete does not reduce significantly and hence, the innovation for constructing RC beams without a concrete cover on the tensile zone can be applied.
The effect of dogbones on the behaviour of a castellated steel beam under cyclic loads
Authors: Firman R , Amin M , Parung H , Irmawaty R , Amiruddin A A
Published: February 2020

The plastic moment capacity of castellated steel beams should be reduced to lower the Mpl beam. Higher Mpl beam will require bigger column section to avoid failure/yielding in the column section. The research aims to analyse the behaviour of beams ductility of castellated steel beams using “dogbones.” The research used four types of test beam to check the influence of “dogbones” that are made of steel beams IWF 150 x 100 x 5 x 7. They are normal castellated steel beam, variation in the length of dogbones, and variation in the deep of dogbones. The results show that the plastic moment capacity of castellated beams is higher than normal beam. It is, therefore, necessary to reduce the plastic moment capacity of castellated steel beam by using “dogbones.” It will maintain ductile behaviour of the steel structure. Concrete was discussed.
Utilization of tire chips as a substitute for coarse aggregate in concrete
Authors: Parung H , Irmawaty R , Wijaya D M
Published: February 2020

Tire chips are produced from the material shred or small pieces of truck tires into a size 0.5 - 3 in. Waste tires increase and are not easily biodegradable in environmental pollution, therefore it is necessary to pay special attention to the environment by using waste tires as an aggregate substitute in concrete. The objectives of this research are to determine the mechanical properties (compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and modulus of elasticity) of concrete by use tire chips of 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% as a substitute of coarse aggregate. Cylinder specimens with a diameter of 100 mm and a height of 200 mm. Compressive strength testing was conducted at 3, 14 and 28 days. While the modulus of elasticity and splitting tensile strength was conducted at only 28 days. The results show that the weight of concrete volume decreases 3% on each additional 10% of tire chips. Compressive strength and splitting tensile strength also decreased with increasing content of tire chips. A decrease in the average compressive strength of 18% in addition to 10% of tire chips, while the splitting tensile strength decreased by 26%. Modulus of elasticity follows the trend of concrete compressive strength and its value is almost equal between experimental and theoretical. The substitutions of tire chips more than 10% of the volume of coarse aggregate is not recommended.
Influence of short term oven aging on volumetric properties of asphalt concrete mixture containing modified Buton asphalt and limestone powder filler
Authors: Iroth M W , Tjaronge M W , Pasra M.
Published: February 2020

In an effort to develop the use of modified Buton asphalt (MBA), this study designed a concrete asphalt mixture using the MBA as the main binding material and modified it with limestone powder fillers to produce concrete asphalt that has good resistance to aging. Short-term aging test was simulated in the laboratory on a loose mixture. The volumetric void in mixture (VIM), void in mineral aggregate (VMA) and void filled asphalt (VFB) values were evaluated on compacted specimens and had experienced STOA. Based on VIM, VMA and VFB values, it can be noted that mixture that only used MBA or mixture that combined MBA and limestone powder can provide resistance to bleeding or cracking, sufficient durability and stable interface adhesion between asphalt films and aggregate surfaces.
Analysis of stability of residue asphalt emulsion mixture containing Buton Granular Asphalt (BGA)
Authors: Bulgis  , Tjaronge M W , Adisasmita S A , Hustim M
Published: February 2020

The natural rock asphalt which available in abundance in the southeast of Buton Island, Indonesia was attempted to use in the production of cold mix asphalt. The purpose of this study is to replace petroleum bitumen with local materials such as natural rock asphalt. Small granular size of natural rock asphalt that referred to Buton granular asphalt (BGA) was blended with petroleum bitumen as droplet phase in the asphalt emulsion mixture. Mixture with 8.8% of asphalt emulsion mixture made with the cationic slow setting (CSS) that corresponded to the residue asphalt emulsion content was used as a mixture control. At residue asphalt emulsion content, bitumen of BGA was used for petroleum bitumen partial replacement in the asphalt emulsion mixture production. Test result revealed that utilizing BGA in asphalt emulsion mixture has proved for improving stability where the stability of all mixture with BGA super passed the stability of mixture without BGA.
Experimental study on marshall stability and flow of Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (AC-WC) mixture using Asbuton semi extracted as binder
Authors: Irianto  , Rachman Djamaluddin A , Pasra M , Arsyad Ardy
Published: February 2020

This study is a part of an on going research program to optimize the utilization of the huge deposit of natural asphalt in several areas in Buton Island, Indonesia. In asphalt production processes it is important to think about energy savings and environmental benefits. Production of AC-WC mixture using Asbuton semi extracted bitumen is one of the efforts to reduce energy consumption. Asbuton modification is a semi extracted bitumen produced from Buton natural rock asphalt, it can be used as a binder material in asphalt mixture. This paper presents Marshall test that was performed on AC-WC mixture using Asbuton semi extracted as binder. The result of Marshall test shows the sufficient stability and resistance to deformation can be established by aggregate interlocking and cohesion which developed due to the Bitumen in Asbuton semi extracted.
The sustainable performance challenge of asphalt mixture using polypropylene due to environmental weather
Authors: Sukrislistarto  , Ramli M I , Pasra M , Amiruddin A A
Published: February 2020

Virgin Polypropylene (PP) has been widely used as polymer additive to modify asphalt concrete mixtures. An attempt to reduce plastic waste including waste PP is to use it to modify concrete asphalt mixtures. In an effort to develop the use of PP waste, this study designed a concrete asphalt mixture using petroleum bitumen as the main binding material and modified it with PP waste to produce concrete asphalt that has good resistance to environmental weather impact. Indirect Tensile Stiffness Modulus (ITSM) value is one of the main characteristics of the asphalt mixture design which represents the characteristics of the stiffness of the asphalt concrete mixture in elastic conditions when it receives a load that produces tensile stress on the asphalt concrete layer. The relationship between temperature and ITSM value of concrete asphalt used to determine the effect of environmental weather on the stiffness properties of the asphalt concrete mixture made with petroleum bitumen and waste PP. ITSM values obtained from the test results show that modification by using waste PP in concrete asphalt mixes using petroleum bitumen as the main binder produced a slightly stiffer mixture without negative effect on mixture.
Study on the collapse of the steel bridge due to flooding in Baringin Village of Padang City, Indonesia
Authors: Fauzan  , Rahmania Dian , Junaidi  , Nur Oscar Fithrah , Al Jauhari Zev
Published: February 2020

Baringin Bridge is a steel bridge that connects between Baringin Village and Koto Lalang Village in Padang City, Indonesia. Baringin Bridge was made of steel frame construction using the Box Caisson type foundation, with 7.6 meters width and 60 meters length. This bridge was built with a semi cantilever method with temporary support using coconut tree trunks. The construction of Baringin Bridge was terminated due to flood in Baringin River on November 2, 2018, which causes the collapse of the temporary scaffolding. The flood made the bridge move away about 300 meters from its foundation. This study aims to find out the cause of the steel bridge collapse. The assessment was carried out to analyze the existing bridge construction, the cause of flooding, and flood discharging that occurred on November 2, 2018. The calculation of forces acting on the scaffold when the bridge collapsed was also conducted. The results of the study show that Baringin River discharge on November 2, 2018, was 407.17 m³/s with a river flow velocity of 1.45 m/s. The calculation results of the scaffold show that the bridge should be able to withstand forces arising from the weight of the steel frame and the flow of the river. However, the collision of the wood logs that hit the scaffold’s feet causes the collapse of the steel bridge.
Experimental study of unconfined compression strength of Clay-Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) stabilized with alkaline
Authors: Tenreng R , Tjaronge M W , Harianto T , Muhiddin A B
Published: February 2020

Concern for the global environmental impact of industrial waste disposal and the strict legal rules on the environment has led to various studies of recycled materials. One of the most widely used and recycled materials is Expanded Polystyrene. Expanded Polystyrene has a low mass compared to its volume. This has made many breakthroughs in EPS waste recycling as a substitute material, one of which is in the manufacture of lightweight materials used in the field of civil engineering. Therefore, this study focused on the development of soil composites made by mixing recycled EPS with quicklime stabilization clay activated by gum rosin and iron oxide (hereinafter referred to as alkaline) based on the weight ratio with variations of 0%, 0.3%, 0.6% and 0.9% using the slurry method. The parameters to be analyzed are the Unconfined Compressive Strength values of each mixture variation in a certain curing period. So that the optimum composition between clay, activator, and EPS will be obtained. The test results show that the addition of activator and EPS can significantly reduce the weight of the specimen. So it can be concluded that the addition of EPS and activator can reduce weight with an optimum composition of 0.9% EPS in 28 days of curing where the compressive strength of the specimen is higher than the value of the compressive strength of the clay.
Landslide susceptibility mapping along road corridors in west Sulawesi using GIS-AHP models
Authors: Arsyad A , Hamid W
Published: February 2020

Landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) along road corridors is a fundamental tool for road planners and transportation decision-makers in determining the severity of slope failure areas, and in planning effective landslide prevention strategies. The accuracy of LSM relies on sufficient spatial database from the data of relevant landslide contributing factors. However, for roads located in remote areas in the Eastern Part of Indonesia, the database remains poor, leading to difficulty in mapping landslide prone areas. This study presents a framework of LSM along road corridors in the area with a limited database. The framework comprises identification and classification of several landslide contributing factors including slope angle, the distance of slope to the road, the distance of drainage to the road, the distance of faults to the road, lithology where road located, and precipitation on the area. These factors are weighted based on causative relation to landslide occurrence by using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), then converted into the grid in a raster map by using Arc-GIS. The maps are then overlaid to generate landslide susceptibility ratings over the area. The LSM framework is tested in a landslide-prone area along road corridors of Polewali – Malabo, West Sulawesi Indonesia. The accuracy of the obtained LSM is evaluated with R-index, which is the index of how closed predicted slide area in the LSM and real slide area in the field obtained from landslide inventory undertaken during the field survey. It is found that R-index of the LSM is 91.3%, indicating a better prediction of landslide hazard with the LSM framework. The framework of LSM for road corridors would be useful for landslide hazard mitigation in the road infrastructure of developing countries.
Soaking effect on bearing capacity of subgrade material
Authors: Badaron S F , Lawalenna S , Harianto T , Rahman D
Published: February 2020

Research aims to analyze the index properties and minerals content of subgrade materials, as well as to analyze how much degradation of bearing capacity of subgrade by providing immersion cycles. Research to be performed in the laboratory sequentially starting from material index properties tests to ensure the soil sample meets the requirements as a subgrade. The test was continued by unconfined compression (UCS) and CBR test against each test specimen after being subjected to immersion cycles in 4 days, 8 days, 12 days and 16 days. The last step is to compare the degradation of subgrade bearing capacity before and after immersion cycles. Test results of index properties are in conformity with x-ray diffraction test results, based on index properties results of activity degree (A) is 0.52 including kaolinite minerals and x-ray diffraction test results of this subgrade material is largely dominated by Kaolinite clay minerals. Test results by immersion cycles shown significant decrease in the value of CBR and UCS, especially in the initial immersion for 4 days, CBR and UCS values drastically decreased by 90% and 97%, subsequent to 8 days, 12 days and 16 days CBR and UCT values, not significant decrease compared to age 4 days.
Study of traditional market waste bioremediation in lowland city as materials for making compost and prospects of development
Authors: Rahim I R , Harianto T , Ihsan M
Published: February 2020

Compost is organic materials that have decomposed and is used as a plant fertilizer and soil conditioner. The principle technique of composting is to convert organic materials considered as waste to process such a way so that compatible to be used as media which functioning to loose soil and fertilizer plants. The study was conducted on a laboratory scale, composting the market’s garbage in Makassar city using cow manure as the additional material and the addition of an effective microorganism (EM4) as an activator by using Takakura composter. This study seeks the effect of certain variables in strictly controlled conditions. The results show that the addition of effective EM4 affects the quality of the final compost which is relatively better than natural composting. Additional material variation is very influential to the quality of finished compost. The best quality compost contained in variation P2 containing vegetable waste and cow manure with C-organic of 20.39 %, N-total of 1.2 %, C/N ratio of 17:05, P-total of 1.98 % and K-total of 1:09 %. This composting method provides an opportunity to develop as a business, economic value generator and help the government in reducing waste generation.
The infiltration capacity of eco-concrete paving on different block shapes
Authors: Rangkang J , Samang L , Adisasmita S , Hustim M
Published: February 2020

The study evaluates the infiltration capacity of the three eco-concrete paving block types, they are the three-diamond, the S, and the straight pavers. The objective of the study is to evaluate the infiltration capacity of those paving block types in different scenarios of slopes in high rainfall intensity. This research is carried out in the laboratory with some boundaries, namely: paving blocks used are 80 mm thick, gaps between pavers is 5 mm wide, the bedding layer thickness is 100 mm, the slopes of the test field are 0%, 2%, and 4%, rainfall intensities is 275 mm/hour. A box model for the infiltration capacity test was developed with a size of 1m2, which is equipped with a modified rainfall simulator. The main conclusions of this study are: (a) Each paving shapes shows different infiltration capacity characteristics; (b) The infiltration rate of pavement is strongly influenced by paving shapes; (c) The slope gradient increases, the volume of infiltrated water decrease; (d) The trihex type gives a better infiltration characteristic than that of the uni page and the rectangular types.
An analysis of the travel time in the Unhas lecturer housing of Makassar city
Authors: Rachman R , Mangontan R , Toding A
Published: February 2020

Travel is the movement of a person from one place to another. The journey was formed because of the activities carried out not in their residence. Travel characteristics of the population depend on the purpose of the trip. The purpose of this research is to identify the variables that affect travel time and model the use of modes of travel time for workers who live in UNHAS Lecturer housing. In this research, the data analysis used inferential analysis, namely multiple regression analysis with the help of the SPSS computer program. The results showed variables that affect the travel time in the UNHAS Lecturer housing are the distance traveled and the time of departure to work. Regression modeling that corresponds to the travel time in this case study is Y = 3.433 + 0.259 X4 – 0.010 X5.
Developing a direct gravity trip distribution model for air passenger demand
Authors: Suprayitno H
Published: February 2020

All Airport network and Commercial Flight Service networks need to be planned and assesse periodcally. The planning must be developed based on the Air Passenger Demand prediction. Direct Trip Distribution Model seems the most appropriate for this prediction. Direct Gravity Trip Distribution model was tried to be developed, calculated by using the iterative method. The research gives an indication that the Direct Gravity Trip Distribution can be developed and used. The general formula has been developed. The appropriate formula variables, incorporating the attraction coefficient, the attraction mass, the impedance and its powering value still need to investigate. The calculation method has been developed but needs to be refined, including the optimum and the accuracy indicator. The Direct Gravity Trip Distribution Model can be used either for Air Transport and Sea Transport.
Ground deformation analysis on road infrastructure in north buton Indonesia using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (Insar)
Authors: Jaya L M G , Safani J , Okto A , Hasbi M , Kadir A
Published: February 2020

We investigate ground deformation that occurred on national road infrastructure in North Buton Regency, South East Sulawesi, Indonesia. This research conducted to obtain spatial information about ground deformation occurred. Road infrastructure plays an important role in economic and transportation particularly in North Buton. Road damage will cause losses both economically and security. The method of the research was Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR). InSAR uses two SAR Images from two different acquisitions to generate interferogram and then ground deformation parameter. We used Sentinel-1 images acquisition years of 2015 and 2017. We found that the ground deformation occurred between -118 to +20 millimeters during the year of 2015 and 2017 acquisition or about -59 to +10 millimeters per year and its direction from north to south of the road body. The movement of ground deformation is dominated downward movement which it is estimated strength affected by the presence of faults near the location.
Promoting efficient and effective road infrastructure procurement
Authors: Agung A , Dewi D P , Taniguchi H , Sanjaya P A
Published: February 2020

Road infrastructure plays an essential role in supporting the economy of a region. The importance of road performance has implications for the government in arranging good road infrastructure. One aspect of the government’s efforts to realize good road infrastructure is through the provision process implementation. Recently, the provision or procurement of maintenance projects uses conventional methods. Although the supply of road infrastructure projects is based on contractors who work effectively, procurement alternatives are using integrated ways that can support an efficient and efficient procurement process. This study aims to compare the procurement process between conventional and mixed methods and identify the factors that drive the success of the procurement of effective and efficient road projects. The Delphi questionnaire survey was conducted to obtain data on factors that support an effective and efficient procurement process. Data analysis shows that the constraints in implementing integrated methods, which are practical and useful methods, are regulation, the competence of stakeholders, and adaptation to new approaches. These obstacles can then be overcome by establishing clear rules, training to improve human resources, and socialization from the government.
The effect of median opening on traffic characteristics on the arterial street
Authors: Radjawane L E
Published: February 2020

Pettarani street is equipped with a median opening as a facility for vehicles to reverse the direction of travel. The median opening width in the Pettarani section varies between 20 m - 37 m. The wideest median opening width in Badan Pertanahan / LPMP segment, while the narrowest median opening width is The Mutiara segment. The largest traffic volume that merged in the median openings of Pettarani street for morning peak hour 1816 pc/h in HM. Asyik Mosque and Telkom segments (Pettarani S-S). For afternoon peak hour with a value of 1802 pc/h. The median opening segment HM. Asyik Mosque has the highest density value, which is 17 pc/km/ln in the morning and 16 pc/km/ln in the afternoon. The highest density value for diverging movement is 32 pc/km/ln occurs at HM Asyik Mosque median opening segment. The wider the median opening results in increased density, this is due to increased space for the vehicle to do a reverse rotation maneuver, thus increasing movement disturbances for opposite flow and flow behind the vehicles that will do reverse rotation. The greater the volume in the main section the more it affects the movement of vehicles that are in the median opening to do merging and diverging, thereby increasing density.
Effect of velocity flow patterns on viscosity in Saddang River
Authors: Hasbi M , Pallu M S , Lopa R , Hatta M P , Zetiawan Z
Published: February 2020

River conditions in Indonesia are very concerning. Furthermore, uncertain climate changes between dry and rainy seasons, make sediment concentrations are increasing over time increase in sediment makes river utilization not optimal. The purpose of the research was to find out the flow rate of the results of field measurements using an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP). From the results of measurements in the field using ADCP obtained the flow velocity value in the Mamasa River is 1.362 m / sec at a depth of 3.20 m and viscosities 761.412 MPa, in Sungai Buntu Batu the flow velocity value is 2.184 m / sec at a depth of 1.99 m and viscosity of 1827 MPa, at River Mata Allo flow velocity value is 0.379 m / sec at a depth of 1.47 m and viscosity of 105 MPa, and in Pekkabata River the flow velocity value is 0.614 m / sec at a depth of 1.47 m and viscosity is 516.565 MPa. In general, the Saddang watershed has a low floating sediment level.
Estimation of aquifer parameters using pumping tests: case study of hotel Makassar paradise
Authors: Suprapti A , Pongmanda S
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the aquifer parameters and the condition of groundwater in the study location, namely the continuity coefficient (Transmissivity, T), water retention (Storativity, S) and permeability coefficient (Hydraulic Conductivity, K). This aquifer parameter is very necessary, especially in the project to be excavated for basement construction, where the high groundwater is one of the problems that must be overcome when the excavation of the soil. This pumping test was carried out by making 10 investigation well points, namely 1 point of the pump well (TW) and 9 points of observation well (OW1-OW9). Thus the pump well (TW) is installed to a depth of 20 m, the end is 2 meters into the hard consistency clay layer. While 9 points of observation well (OW1 - OW9) were installed to a depth of 15 m, so that all the pipes were in a layer of the fine sand relative density of moderate just above the very stiff consistency clay layer. Based on calculations with the Theis method obtained: a) The cross-section A-A has a value of Transmissivity (T) ranging between 124.27 - 966.58 m2/day, Hydraulic Conductivity (K) ranges between 0.012 - 0.094 cm/s, Storativity (S) ranges between 0.084 - 0.472. b) The cross-section B-B has a value of Transmissivity (T) ranging between 230.14 - 621.37 m2/day, Hydraulic Conductivity (K) ranges between 0.022 - 0.060 cm/s, Storativity (S) ranges between 0.125 - 0.416.
Modeling of a healthy river boundary
Authors: Firdaus M , Selintung M , Lopa R T , Thaha M A
Published: February 2020

The concept used in river management as an effort to prevent flooding is one of them with the concept of hydraulic engineering, namely non-structural river management through efforts to restructure river banks as inundation areas. This concept is carried out by integrating the ecological and hydraulic components of the river. Ecological components on river banks can be used as hydraulic retention components that hold water flow so that flooding occurs on river banks. With the presence of puddles on the banks of the river, the ecological quality of the river can be maintained. Develop a river boundary determination model by optimizing the width of river banks. Maros River boundary with a distance of 50 meters from the edge of the riverbed which is the River Utilization Area. There is a meander or river bend that is quite sharp, that is, at Sta. 20 + 00 to Sta. 23 + 00 so the determination of the alignment follows the outer arch.