bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The two-spin model of a tracking chamber: a phase-space perspective
Authors: Barletti Luigi
Published: September 2021

We study the dynamics of classical localization in a simple, one-dimensional model of a tracking chamber. The emitted particle is represented by a superposition of Gaussian wave packets moving in opposite directions, and the detectors are two spins in fixed, opposite positions with respect to the central emitter. At variance with other similar studies, we give here a phase-space representation of the dynamics in terms of the Wigner matrix of the system. This allows a better visualization of the phenomenon and helps in its interpretation. In particular, we discuss the relationship of the localization process with the properties of entanglement possessed by the system.
Effects of Hydrothermal Treatments on Physicochemical Properties and In Vitro Digestion of Starch
Authors: Chakraborty Ishita , Govindaraju Indira , Rongpipi Sintu , Mahato Krishna Kishore , Mazumder Nirmal
Published: September 2021

Starchy food items such as rice and potato with high carbohydrate content raise blood sugar. Hence, consuming low glycaemic foods is one tool to keep diabetes under control. In this study, potato and brown rice (Njavara rice) starches were subjected to hydrothermal treatments: heat moisture treatment (HMT) and annealing (ANN) to develop starch-based food products fit for consumption by diabetic patients. The effects of hydrothermal treatments on physicochemical properties and in-vitro enzymatic digestion of starch were determined. It was observed that hydrothermal treatments decreased the swelling power (SP)% and increased the water solubility (WS)% of the native starches. Native potato starch (PSN) showed a high SP of 80.33%, while annealed potato starch (PANN) and heat moisture treated potato starch (PHMT) showed SP reduced to 65.33% and 51.66%, respectively. Similarly, the SP % reduced from 64.33% in native brown rice (BRN) to 44.66% in annealed brown rice (BRANN) and 38.33% in heat moisture treated brown rice (BRHMT). WS % increased from 32.86% in PSN to 36.66% in PANN and 40.66% in PHMT. In BRN, the WS % increased from 14.0% to 14.66% in BRANN and 18.33% in BRHMT. Amylose content increased from 13.23% and 14.56% in PSN and BRN to 16.14% in PANN 17.99% in PHMT, 17.33% in BRANN, and 18.98% in BRHMT. The PSN crystallinity index reduced from 33.49 to 30.50% in PANN and 32.60% in PHMT. At 12 h of enzymatic digestion, it was found that the degree of hydrolysis (DoH) of PHMT (31.66%) and PANN (36.82%) reduced when compared to PSN (41.09%). Similarly, BRHMT exhibited the lowest DoH at 12 h compared to BRANN (29.24%) and BRN (35.48%). This study highlights the importance of hydrothermal treatments on starch in developing low glycaemic index commercial starch-based food products.
How do we effectively communicate air pollution to change public attitudes and behaviours? A review
Authors: Riley Rosie , de Preux Laure , Capella Peter , Mejia Cristian , Kajikawa Yuya , de Nazelle Audrey
Published: September 2021

Solutions that engage the public are needed to tackle air pollution. Technological approaches are insufficient to bring urban air quality to recommended target levels, and miss out on opportunities to promote health more holistically through behavioural solutions, such as active travel. Behaviour change is not straightforward, however, and is more likely to be achieved when communication campaigns are based on established theory and evidence-based practices. We systematically reviewed the academic literature on air pollution communication campaigns aimed at influencing air pollution-related behaviour. Based on these findings, we developed an evidence-based framework for stimulating behaviour change through engagement. Across the 37 studies selected for analyses, we identified 28 different behaviours assessed using a variety of designs including natural and research-manipulated experiments, cross-sectional and longitudinal surveys and focus groups. While avoidance behaviour (e.g. reducing outdoor activity) followed by contributing behaviours (e.g. reducing idling) were by far the most commonly studied, supporting behaviour (e.g. civil engagement) shows promising results, with the added benefit that supporting local and national policies may eventually lead to the removal of social and physical barriers that prevent wider behavioural changes. Providing a range of actionable information will reduce disengagement due to feelings of powerlessness. Targeted localized information will appear more immediate and engaging, and positive framing will prevent cognitive dissonance whereby people rationalize their behaviour to avoid living with feelings of unease. Communicating the co-benefits of action may persuade individuals with different drivers but as an effective solution, it remains to be explored. Generally, finding ways to connect with people’s emotions, including activating social norms and identities and creating a sense of collective responsibility, provide promising yet under-explored directions. Smartphones provide unique opportunities that enable flexible and targeted engagement, but care must be taken to avoid transferring responsibility for action from national and local authorities onto individuals. Multidisciplinary teams involving artists, members of the public, community and pressure groups, policy makers, researchers, and businesses, are needed to co-create the stories and tools that can lead to effective action to tackle air pollution through behavioural solutions.
Fixed point–critical point hybrid theorems and application to systems with partial variational structure
Authors: Benedetti Irene , Cardinali Tiziana , Precup Radu
Published: September 2021

In this paper, fixed point arguments and a critical point technique are combined leading to hybrid existence results for a system of two operator equations where only one of the equations has a variational structure. An application to periodic solutions of a semi-variational system is given to illustrate the theory.
Too many cooks spoil the broth: on the impact of external advisors on mergers and acquisitions
Authors: McCarthy Killian J. , Noseleit Florian
Published: September 2021

Almost 60% of mergers and acquisitions are concluded with the aid of multiple third-party advisors. While there has been work on the impact of advisors, the theoretical and empirical implications of using multiple advisors remain unclear. Using insights from the "cheap talk" literature, we derive hypotheses on the impact of multiple advisors. Expanding upon this, we then consider the moderating impact of advisor reputation/quality and deal timing (in terms of merger wave periods vs. non-merger wave periods), as factors that both the cheap talk and the literature on single advisors highlight as relevant. We test our hypotheses using a sample of 10,544 large US acquisitions, and evaluate the impact of advisors using an event study and abnormal returns. Our results support a value-creating role for single advisors—we find that deals with single advisors create a higher expectation of value-creation—but find little support for the use of multiple advisors. Furthermore, we show that the moderating effect of advisor reputation, and deal timing, are contingent on the number of advisors. In doing so, we make a number of academic and practical contributions to the discussion of advisors in mergers and acquisitions.
From using heat to using work: reconceptualising the zero carbon energy transition
Authors: Eyre Nick
Published: September 2021

Recent evidence indicates that the key sources of energy for the zero carbon transition will be renewable electricity sources. The most rapidly expanding sources, photovoltaics and wind produce work, as electricity, directly rather than via heat engines. Making the assumption that these will be the dominant sources of energy in a future zero carbon system, the paper makes two new related and innovative contributions to the literature on the energy transition. First, it shows that the energy transition will be more than just a shift away from carbonaceous fuels, and that it is more usefully thought of as including a systemic shift from heat-producing to work-producing energy sources. Secondly, it shows that this enables very large improvements in the conversion efficiency of final energy, through the use of electricity and hydrogen, in particular in heating and transportation. The paper presents a thought experiment showing a reduction in final energy demand of up to 40% is likely from this effect alone. Technical standards and product regulation for end use conversion efficiency and/or service delivery efficiency seem likely to be key policy instruments.
Impact and Determinants of Structural Barriers on Physical Activity in People with Cancer
Authors: Depenbusch Johanna , Wiskemann Joachim , Haussmann Alexander , Tsiouris Angeliki , Schmidt Laura , Ungar Nadine , Sieverding Monika , Steindorf Karen
Published: September 2021

Background

A better understanding of the role of structural barriers for physical activity (PA) after a cancer diagnosis could help to increase PA among people with cancer. Thus, the present study aimed to identify determinants of structural barriers to PA in people with cancer and investigate the association between structural barriers and insufficient post-diagnosis PA, taking different PA change patterns into account.

Methods

A total of 1299 people with breast, prostate, or colorectal cancer completed a questionnaire assessing their socio-demographic and medical characteristics, pre- and post-diagnosis PA, and perceived PA impediment by seven structural barriers. Regression analyses were used to investigate determinants of the perception of structural barriers and to examine the association between structural barriers and insufficient post-diagnosis PA, also with regard to different pre-diagnosis PA levels.

Results

Overall 30–60% of participants indicated to feel impeded by structural barriers. The analyses revealed a younger age, higher BMI, lower educational level, no current work activity, co-morbidities, and lacking physicians’ exercise counseling as significant determinants of the perception of structural barriers. Individuals reporting stronger impediments by structural barriers were significantly less likely to be meeting PA guidelines post-diagnosis, particularly those with sufficient pre-diagnosis PA levels.

Conclusions

The study highlights the need for tailored PA programs for people with cancer as well as for more guidance and support in overcoming structural barriers to improve PA behavior.

The study has been registered under NCT02678832 at clinicaltrials.gov on February 10th 2016.
Whole genome sequences from non-invasively collected caribou faecal samples
Authors: Taylor Rebecca S. , Manseau Micheline , Redquest Bridget , Keobouasone Sonesinh , Gagné Patrick , Martineau Christine , Wilson Paul J.
Published: September 2021

Conservation genomics is an important tool to manage threatened species under current biodiversity loss. Recent advances in sequencing technology mean that we can now use whole genomes to investigate demographic history, local adaptation, inbreeding, and more in unprecedented detail. However, for many rare and elusive species only non-invasive samples such as faeces can be obtained, making it difficult to take advantage of whole genome data. We present a method to extract DNA from the mucosal layer of faecal samples to re-sequence high coverage whole genomes using standard laboratory techniques. We use wild collected faecal pellets collected from caribou (Rangifer tarandus), a species undergoing declines in many parts of its range in Canada and subject to comprehensive conservation and population monitoring measures. We compare four faecal genomes to two tissue genomes sequenced in the same run. Quality metrics were similar between faecal and tissue samples with the main difference being the alignment success of raw reads to the reference genome due to differences in low quality and endogenous DNA content, affecting overall coverage. One of our faecal genomes was only re-sequenced at low coverage (1.6 ×), however the other three obtained between 7 and 15 ×, compared to 19 and 25 × for the tissue samples. We successfully re-sequenced high-quality whole genomes from faecal DNA and are one of the first to obtain genome-wide data from wildlife faecal DNA in a non-primate species. Our work represents an important advancement for non-invasive conservation genomics.
Coastal atmospheres: the peninsula of the blessed and the art of noticing
Authors: Krauß Werner
Published: September 2021

In this article, I explore the atmosphere of Dangast, a coastal village located at the Jadebusen, a huge bay at the North Sea coast of Lower Saxony. To write about atmospheres means evoking a specific forcefield, which is different from observing and analyzing an object from a distance. In the first part, I write about my own experience of the coastal atmosphere by “looking around rather than ahead,” as Tsing (2015) defined the art of noticing. Based on his paintings, on literature, and interviews, I show in the second part how a local artist, the painter Franz Radziwill, made the specific atmosphere of Dangast explicit. Finally, I follow a citizens’ initiative on their way to preserve the specific atmosphere of this coastal village as an artists’ place. In doing so, I provide a detailed insight into the atmospheres of democracy, which define how transitions take place and decisions are taken locally. In the conclusion, I argue that the focus on coastal atmospheres is a way to transcend the boundaries between nature and culture and to undermine the teleological argument of growth and development which more often than not shape coastal politics.
Ecolabeled seafood and sustainable consumption in the Canadian context: issues and insights from a survey of seafood consumers
Authors: Winson Anthony , Choi Jin Young , Hunter Devan , Ramsundar Chantelle
Published: September 2021

The concept of sustainable consumption is a much debated practice that has been seen as an outcome of the emergence ofecological citizenship—a concept that brings together the citizen and the environment in a framework that is underlined by social justice considerations and incorporates a vision of citizenship that involves both the private sphere and the public sphere of human activity. This study examines Canadian consumer awareness and uptake of certified sustainable seafood. We introduce the conceptsecological citizenshipandsustainable consumptionas a way of framing our research. Seafood ecolabels may be a valuable tool in translating general environmental concern about the marine environment into more sustainable fisheries practices. We conducted an on-site consumer survey in the Greater Toronto Area and a nearby city. Our findings showed that in contrast to high levels of awareness of the importance of the marine environment and the sustainability of seafood, consumers had a limited understanding about the meaning of sustainability in the case of seafood, and little knowledge about actual ecolabels found in the Canadian marketplace. Attitudes towards the marine environment and sustainable seafood, understanding of the meaning of seafood sustainability, and purchasing behaviors of sustainable seafood were significantly different by some socio-demographic characteristics. Positive attitudes towards the marine environment and sustainable seafood and better understanding of seafood sustainability were significantly associated with the increased purchasing of ecolabeled seafood. Lack of understanding of ecolabels, limited information about product sustainability, and lack of in-store guidance were identified as key barriers to purchasing ecolabeled seafood products.
A retrospective clinical study on the resin infiltration of proximal caries lesions: the operator’s effect
Authors: Diab E. , Hesse D. , Bonifacio C. C.
Published: September 2021

Purpose

This retrospective university-based study investigated the effect of operators’ training and previous experience on the success of resin infiltration (RI) in arresting proximal non-cavitated caries lesions in primary and permanent teeth.

Methods

Information was collected regarding RI of proximal non-cavitated caries lesions in primary and permanent teeth with a follow-up period up to 32 months. Factors investigated were: operators’ clinical experience and training, patient’s age, tooth, arch, mouth-side, surface treated, tooth separation, and baseline lesion depth. Kaplan–Meier survival and Cox regression analysis with shared frailty were used (α = 5%).

Results

A total of 130 proximal surfaces treated on 115 teeth of 43 children (11 ± 4.4 years) were evaluated. Survival of RI was 46% up to 32 months. Lesions treated by non-trained dentists were more likely-to-present progression than those performed by non-trained dental students under supervision (HR 2.41, 95% CI: 1.00–5.80); conversely, no difference was found between non-trained dental students under supervision and trained dentists (HR 0.52, 95% CI: 0.16–1.70). Additionally, dentin lesions were 59% more-likely-to-present progression than enamel lesions (HR 0.41, 95% CI: 0.17–0.99).

Conclusion

The operator’s experience and training could influence the success of RI on proximal non-cavitated caries lesions and it should be taken into consideration when choosing this treatment modality.
Making sense of gas measurements: quantification of multicomponent gas mixtures in biological and chemical laboratory experiments
Authors: Neubert Katharina , Kretzschmar Jörg , dos Santos Tatiane Regina , Härtig Claus , Harnisch Falk
Published: September 2021

Textbooks in physical chemistry start from the treatise of the ideal gas. Gaseous compounds are important reactants and products of (bio)chemical reactions, and thus their absolute amounts are needed to establish mass balances. However, in contrast to solid, for dissolved and liquid compounds, their qualitative and especially quantitative analysis is less widely established in biological and chemical laboratories. This can be mainly ascribed to the seemingly simple chemical nature of gaseous compounds that is in contrast to the effort needed for their precise quantification. In this article, we will guide the reader through the considerations and steps needed to perform a meaningful analysis of multicomponent gas mixtures, which are reactants for or products of (bio)chemical reactions in aqueous solutions in the laboratory environment and scale. After a brief introduction, special focus is set on the methods for quantification and calculations needed to derive absolute amounts of gases in a mixture. The overall concept will be exemplified by biogas production as well as by an electroorganic reaction (Kolbe electrolysis of n-hexanoic acid), and general pitfalls will be highlighted.
Popular cultural representations of postfeminist religiosity in the International Christian Fellowship: an analysis of the “Ladies Lounge 2021” webpage
Authors: Freudenberg Maren , Sharbat Dar Dunja
Published: September 2021

Femininity and female gender roles in conservative religious environments are highly disputed topics both within communities of faith and in sociological discourse. In light of social transformations of gender perceptions in the past decades, conservative Christians have had to reevaluate traditional understandings of womanhood in societies that have become steeped in popular culture and thoroughly mediatized. Taking this development as a point of departure, this article examines how femininity is represented in the International Christian Fellowship, particularly on its “Ladies Lounge” webpage. Advertising an annual event geared exclusively towards women, the website’s landing page contains images and text that we examine by means of visual and textual sequence analysis. Our research results reveal that women are depicted as sensually attractive and self-confidently professional while at the same time being relegated to an exclusively female sphere within (but not beyond) which they wield authority and influence. As such, femininity is represented as self-empowering, but only within a specific, postfeminist framework. This ambivalent depiction of women’s agency challenges conservative Evangelical values at the same time as it affirms them. In this sense, the study contributes the growing body of literature on gender and Evangelicalism.
A review of the use of simple time-domain NMR/MRI for material-science
Authors: Webber J. Beau W.
Published: September 2021

The intention of this discussion is as a simple introduction for general—non-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-specialist—materials scientists, to make them aware as to how some of the materials science measurements that they need to make might possibly be addressed by simple physical measurements using low-cost time-domain NMR apparatus. The intention is to include a minimum of complex NMR detail, while enabling general material-scientists to see that simple easily understood time-domain NMR might be of use to them. That is how I have tried to structure this discussion. It seems to me be generally forgotten how much of materials science is actually physics, as opposed to chemistry, and the extent to which simple time-domain NMR may be used to make measurements of the physical properties of materials. There frequently seems to be an assumption that if NMR is mentioned that it is chemical analysis methods that are under discussion, or possibly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These are both extremely powerful techniques, but to forget about the physics that often governs the properties of the sample can be a significant mistake. Key material science properties are often described in different fields using the terms mobility/dynamics/stiffness/viscosity/rigidity of the sample. These properties are usually dependent on atomic and molecular motion in the sample. We will discuss a method, time-domain NMR, that appears often to be ignored, to obtain quantitative or comparative information on these properties. The intention of this paper is not to probe the material properties of some interesting system, but to discuss in as clear a manner as possible a particular technique, “low-field time-domain NMR”, to bring this technique and its advantages to the attention of other material scientists. Thus we discuss time-domain NMR and MRI, as methods of measuring the physical properties of liquid and solid materials. Time-domain NMR is also a good technique for measuring pore-size distributions from the nano-meter to microns, using a technique known as NMR cryoporometry (NMRC). Standard MRI protocols may be combined with NMRC, so that spatial resolution of pore dimensions may also be obtained. Low-field time-domain NMR is, at its fundamentals, a very approachable and easily comparative technique, where the material properties may often be extracted from the time-domain data much more simply than from say high-field high-resolution spectral data. In addition, low-field time-domain NMR apparatus is typically a factor of 10 to 100 times cheaper than high-field high-resolution solid-state NMR systems.
Optimal PID and fuzzy logic based position controller design of an overhead crane using the Bees Algorithm
Authors: Esleman Esmael Adem , Önal Gürol , Kalyoncu Mete
Published: September 2021

Different industrial applications frequently use overhead cranes for moving and lifting huge loads. It applies to civil construction, metallurgical production, rivers, and seaports. The primary purpose of this paper is to control the motion/position of the overhead crane using a PID controller using Genetic Algorithms (GA) and Bee Algorithms (BA) as optimization tools. Moreover, Fuzzy Logic modified PID Controller is applied to obtain better controller parameters. The mathematical model uses an analytical method, and the PID model employs Simulink in MATLAB. The paper presents the PID parameters determination with a different approach. The development of membership functions, fuzzy rules employ the Fuzzy Logic toolbox. Both inputs and outputs use triangular membership functions. The result shows that the optimized value of the PID controller with the Ziegler-Nichols approach is time-consuming and will provide only the initial parameters. However, PID parameters obtained with the optimization method using GA and BA reached the target values. The results obtained with the fuzzy logic controller (0.227% overshoot) show improvement in overshoot than the conventional PID controller (0.271% overshoot).
Alternative Method to Evaluate Performance Improvement Rate in Athletics Middle Distance Events
Authors: Barbosa Lucas Pinheiro , Santos Patrick Aguiar , Aguiar Samuel Silva , Simões Herbert Gustavo , Nikolaidis Pantelis Theodoros , Knechtle Beat , Sousa Caio Victor
Published: September 2021

Purpose

The aims of this study were to propose an alternative method to assess an optimal performance improvement rate (PIR) that would be used as a tool for coaches and elite athletes willing to reach their personal best, mainly those seeking for national, continental or even world record (WR) in middle-distance events. We further compared the improvement rate of women vs. men of the top-10 ranked athletes in the IAAF running these middle-distance events

Method

The top 10 athletes in the IAAF ranking of 800 m, 1500 m, and 3000 m events for each sex were assessed for their history of race times before achieving their personal record (PR). The difference between PR (‘actual’ season) and the best race time in the last season was defined as the 1st season improvement rate (1-SIR), whereas the average improvement rate in the last and preceding seasons was the multi-season improvement rate (M-SIR). 1-SIR and M-SIR were calculated for each athlete.

Result

There were sex differences in the 1500 m with a large effect size (d = − 0.746) in 1-SIR (P = 0.001) and very large (d = − 2.249) in M-SIR (P = 0.001). Women improved more than men before the PR/WR achievements in the 800 m and 1500 m events (P = 0.001) and had similar improvement rates before performing PR/WR in 3000 m events (P = 0.533).

Conclusion

Women improve more before PR/WR achievement in 800 m and 1500 m races. However, in the 3000 m men and women have similar improvement rates in previous seasons before the PR/WR achievement.
High Maternal Serum Estradiol in First Trimester of Multiple Pregnancy Contributes to Small for Gestational Age via DNMT1-Mediated CDKN1C Upregulation
Authors: Hu Xiao-Ling , Shi Shuai , Hou Ning-Ning , Meng Ye , Li Miao , Liu Ai-Xia , Lu Yong-Chao , Li Jing-Yi , Sheng Jian-Zhong , Zhu Yi-Min , Huang He-Feng
Published: September 2021

High maternal serum estradiol (E2) levels in the first trimester of pregnancy are associated with a high incidence of low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA). This study aimed to investigate the effect of first-trimester high maternal serum E2 levels on fetal growth and the underlying mechanisms in multiple pregnancies. Maternal serum E2 levels of women at 8 weeks of gestation were measured. The expression levels of imprinted genes and DNMT1 were determined by RT-qPCR, and KvDMR1 methylation in embryo tissue, placenta, and newborn cord blood samples was examined by bisulfite sequencing PCR. The effect of E2 on CDKN1C expression was investigated in HTR8 cells. The incidence of SGA was significantly higher in multiple pregnancies reduced to singleton than that in primary singleton pregnancies (11.4% vs. 2.9%) (P < 0.01) and multiple pregnancies reduced to twins than primary twins (38.5% vs. 27.3%) (P < 0.01). The maternal serum E2 level at 8 weeks of gestation increased with the number of fetuses and was negatively correlated with offspring birth weight. CDKN1C and DNMT1 expression was significantly upregulated in embryo tissue, placenta, and cord blood from multiple pregnancies. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between CDKN1C mRNA expression and KvDMR1 methylation levels. In HTR8 cells, DNMT1 mediated the estrogen-induced upregulation of CDKN1C, which might contribute to SGA. To minimize the risks of LBW and SGA, our findings suggest that abnormally high maternal serum E2 levels should be avoided during the first trimester of multiple pregnancies from assisted reproductive technology (ART).
A framework for modelling cash flow lags
Authors: Armerin Fredrik , Song Han-Suck
Published: September 2021

Traditional models of irreversible investment problems assume that the investment starts generating cash flows immediately, i.e., at the same time as the investment is undertaken. Real-world investment situations are characterized by time-to-build or investment lags, which means that there is a time difference between when the investment is made and when the investment starts generating cash flows. We combine two existing models of investment lags to obtain a flexible, yet simple, way of modelling and analyzing the effects of investment lags. Both traditional models, and models that incorporate the effects of time-to-build, typically assume that the expected future cash flows generated by an investment are represented by a single cash flow that reflects the size of the market value of an investment. To reflect real-world cases where investments generate cash flows in several time periods, we present a framework in which cash flows are explicitly allowed to be spread out in time. Our model can be used to incorporate cases where an investment is partially sold in different time periods. Using an irreversible optimal investment timing problem case study, we show how our framework makes it possible to easily compare the effect of different cash flow timings. In this case, the value and the timing of the investment depend on a constant that in a natural way can be decomposed into three parts, thereby showing the influence of the value and timing from the respective parts of the framework.
Prevalence and associated characteristics of youth who trade sex in a representative sample of high school students
Authors: Gerassi Lara B. , Cheng Shih‐Ying , Muentner Luke , Benson Meghan
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Our understanding of youths’ sex trading predominantly stems from non‐representative studies with high‐risk populations (e.g. homeless/runaway youth). The purpose of this study is to identify the prevalence and associated characteristics of youth who report sex trading (compared to those who do not) in a representative sample of high school students.

Methods

Data comes from the 2018 Youth Assessment, a cross‐sectional survey administered to 9th through 12th graders across 24 high schools in Dane County, a predominantly urban area in Wisconsin, U.S.A. All youth who answered the question, “have you ever had sexual contact in order to stay safe or to get something like a place to stay, money, gifts, alcohol or drugs?” were included for secondary data analysis (n = 13,714). Participants were 70% White, 50% female/47% male, and 90% minors. Chi‐square tests and logistic regression analyses were conducted.

Results

2.47% of youth reported sex trading, of whom 91% were minors. Bivariate analysis revealed significant differences across demographics, economic instability, behavioral health and substance use, delinquency, and romantic/sexual behaviors. Multivariate results suggested that students who reported substance use, cutting class, 3 or more out‐of‐school suspensions, knowing a friend involved in a gang, dating violence, foster care involvement, or identifying as LGBTQ+ were more likely to report sex trading.

Conclusions

Although the causal order of characteristics analyzed in relation to the sex trading is not known, these findings have important implications for sex trading prevention, assessments, and intervention, particularly among youth with marginalized identities and adverse experiences.
Tree Stand–Related Injuries in Nonadmitted and Admitted Patients at a Level 2 Trauma Center in Michigan: 2015–2019
Authors: Lazzara Alan A. , Ditmer Bailey I. , Doughty Kyle W. , Reynolds Kyle R.
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Tree stand–related injuries (TSRI) are more common than firearm-related injuries in hunters. Most previous studies on the topic used trauma databases that only include admitted patients. This study characterizes injury patterns found in nonadmitted and admitted TSRI patients presenting to a level 2 Michigan trauma center. TSRI prevention interventions are also discussed.

Methods

Cases were obtained through a retrospective chart review of the Henry Ford Allegiance Health trauma registry and EPSi cost-accounting database from 2015 to 2019. Keywords searched included fall, hunter, tree, tree stand, treestand, ICD 9 diagnosis ( E884.9_Other accidental fall from one level to another), and ICD 10 diagnosis ( W14.XXXA_Fall from tree, initial encounter). We analyzed age, sex, body mass index, injury severity score, disposition, alcohol use, injuries sustained, reported height of fall, and narrative of fall.

Results

Thirty-three patients were identified. Patient age was 45±13 y (mean±SD). All patients were male. Injury severity score for nonadmitted patients was 2±1 vs 13±11 in admitted patients. Thirty-three percent of cases were nonadmitted; 67% were admitted. The most common injuries sustained were spinal (33%) and lower extremity fractures (15%). The average yearly TSRI case rate was 5.73 per 10,000 hunters in the study area.

Conclusions

Our study found that spinal and lower extremity fractures were the most common injuries sustained. One-third of our patients were nonadmitted and therefore not included in the Henry Ford Allegiance Health trauma registry. Some nonadmitted patients had significant injuries requiring specialist consultation, orthopedic braces, or outpatient surgery.
Disaster Preparedness Among Women With a Recent Live Birth in Hawaii – Results From the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), 2016
Authors: Strid Penelope , Fok Carlotta Ching Ting , Zotti Marianne , Shulman Holly B. , Awakuni Jane , House L. Duane , Morrow Brian , Kern Judy , Shim Matthew , Ellington Sascha R.
Published: September 2021

Objective:

The aim of this study was to examine emergency preparedness behaviors among women with a recent live birth in Hawaii.

Methods:

Using the 2016 Hawaii Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, we estimated weighted prevalence of 8 preparedness behaviors.

Results:

Among 1010 respondents (weighted response rate, 56.3%), 79.3% reported at least 1 preparedness behavior, and 11.2% performed all 8 behaviors. The prevalence of women with a recent live birth in Hawaii reporting preparedness behaviors includes: 63.0% (95% CI: 58.7-67.1%) having enough supplies at home for at least 7 days, 41.3% (95% CI: 37.1-45.6%) having an evacuation plan for their child(ren), 38.7% (95% CI: 34.5-43.0%) having methods to keep in touch, 37.8% (95% CI: 33.7-42.1%) having an emergency meeting place, 36.6% (95% CI: 32.6-40.9%) having an evacuation plan to leave home, 34.9% (95% CI: 30.9-39.2%) having emergency supplies to take with them if they have to leave quickly, 31.8% (95% CI: 27.9-36.0%) having copies of important documents, and 31.6% (95% CI: 27.7-35.8%) having practiced what to do during a disaster.

Conclusions:

One in 10 women practiced all 8 behaviors, indicating more awareness efforts are needed among this population in Hawaii. The impact of preparedness interventions implemented in Hawaii can be tracked with this question over time.
MOST(?) THEORIES HAVE BOREL COMPLETE REDUCTS
Authors: LASKOWSKI MICHAEL C. , ULRICH DOUGLAS S.
Published: September 2021

We prove that many seemingly simple theories have Borel complete reducts. Specifically, if a countable theory has uncountably many complete one-types, then it has a Borel complete reduct. Similarly, if
$Th(M)$
is not small, then
$M^{eq}$
has a Borel complete reduct, and if a theory T is not
$\omega $
-stable, then the elementary diagram of some countable model of T has a Borel complete reduct.
TIMING THE EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ARABLE FARMING IN SOUTHEASTERN NORWAY BY USING SUMMED PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION OF RADIOCARBON DATES AND A BAYESIAN AGE MODEL
Authors: Solheim Steinar
Published: September 2021

The paper explores the emergence and development of arable farming in southeastern Norway by compiling and analyzing directly dated cereals from archaeological contexts. By using summed probability distributions of radiocarbon dates and Bayesian modeling, the paper presents the first comprehensive analysis of the directly dated evidence for farming in the region. The models provide a more precise temporal resolution to the development than hitherto presented. The results demonstrate that the introduction of arable farming to southeastern Norway was a long-term development including several steps. Three different stages are pointed out as important in the process of establishing arable farming: the Early and Middle Neolithic, the Late Neolithic, and the Early Iron Age.
On deficiency problems for graphs
Authors: Freschi Andrea , Hyde Joseph , Treglown Andrew
Published: September 2021

Motivated by analogous questions in the setting of Steiner triple systems and Latin squares, Nenadov, Sudakov and Wagner [Completion and deficiency problems, Journal of Combinatorial Theory Series B, 2020] recently introduced the notion of graph deficiency. Given a global spanning property
$\mathcal P$
and a graph
$G$
, the deficiency
$\text{def}(G)$
of the graph
$G$
with respect to the property
$\mathcal P$
is the smallest non-negative integer t such that the join
$G*K_t$
has property
$\mathcal P$
. In particular, Nenadov, Sudakov and Wagner raised the question of determining how many edges an n-vertex graph
$G$
needs to ensure
$G*K_t$
contains a
$K_r$
-factor (for any fixed
$r\geq 3$
). In this paper, we resolve their problem fully. We also give an analogous result that forces
$G*K_t$
to contain any fixed bipartite
$(n+t)$
-vertex graph of bounded degree and small bandwidth.
Group cohesion in group-based personal practice
Authors: Maaß Ulrike , Kühne Franziska , Hahn Daniela , Weck Florian
Published: September 2021

Background

Personal practice (PP) is an integral component of many psychotherapy training programmes. It aims to promote personal and professional growth and is often conducted in a group format (g-PP). Group cohesion is one of the most researched mechanisms in group psychotherapy, but has rarely been studied in the context of g-PP.

Aims and method

This exploratory study examines the associations between cohesion, satisfaction with g-PP, its impact on personal and professional development, and theoretical orientation in a sample of n = 329 German psychotherapy trainees. Cohesion was assessed with the group questionnaire (GQ-D; Positive Bonding, Positive Working, Negative Relationship).

Results

Overall, participants reported high levels of all outcome variables. Positive Bonding was the strongest predictor of satisfaction with g-PP (β = 0.46, p<.001). While trainees in cognitive behaviour therapy reported significantly better cohesion scores (d≥0.31), trainees in psychodynamic therapy reported significantly higher satisfaction with g-PP and its impact on their developments (d≥0.30).

Conclusions

Group cohesion appears to be an important factor in g-PP that should be actively promoted by group leaders. However, longitudinal study designs are needed to better understand the emergence of cohesion in g-PP as well as potential moderating factors.
ON SOME CONSEQUENCES OF A THEOREM OF J. LUDWIG
Authors: Paškūnas Vytautas
Published: September 2021

We prove some qualitative results about thep-adic Jacquet–Langlands correspondence defined by Scholze, in the$\operatorname {\mathrm {GL}}_2(\mathbb{Q}_p )$residually reducible case, using a vanishing theorem proved by Judith Ludwig. In particular, we show that in the cases under consideration, the globalp-adic Jacquet–Langlands correspondence can also deal with automorphic forms with principal series representations atpin a nontrivial way, unlike its classical counterpart.
Long‐Term Observations of Shoaling Internal Solitary Waves in the Northern South China Sea
Authors: Chang Ming‐Huei , Lien Ren‐Chieh , Lamb Kevin G. , Diamessis Peter J.
Published: September 2021

Shoaling internal solitary waves (ISWs) were observed at three mooring sites on the upper continental slope in the northern South China Sea over a period of 5–11 months at water depths of 600, 430, and 350 m. Their properties exhibit a fortnightly variation because of their origination from internal tides. ISW amplitudes, current speeds, and propagation speeds are greater and wave widths narrower in summer than in winter, consistent with the effect of increased stratification in summer, as confirmed by Dubreil‐Jacotin‐Long (DJL) solutions. As ISWs propagate up the slope, the differential response of current and propagation speeds to bottom topography provides an opportunity for convective breaking of ISWs. Convective breaking occurs mostly between 430 and 600‐m depths and exhibits a marginal convective instability status such that (a) the maximum current speed remains nearly equal to the propagation speed and (b) for large‐amplitude waves the current speed and propagation speed decrease at nearly the same rate between 600 and 430‐m depths. The marginal convective instability occurs because ISWs adjust gradually to the gently sloping bottom and preserve their structural integrity after the onset of breaking. Vertical velocity variances behind the leading ISWs, which serve as a surrogate for the number of trailing waves, increase when ISWs reach the convective breaking limit, suggesting that convective breaking may accelerate the fission process in leading ISWs or that convective breaking is accompanied by an enhanced nonlinear dispersion of waves trailing ISWs generated by internal tides.
Impact of Assimilating High‐Resolution Atmospheric Motion Vectors on Convective Scale Short‐Term Forecasts: 2. Assimilation Experiments of GOES‐16 Satellite Derived Winds
Authors: Zhao Juan , Gao Jidong , Jones Thomas A. , Hu Junjun
Published: September 2021

Building on the results from the observing system simulation experiments in Part I, this study investigates the impact of assimilating Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite‐16 (GOES‐16) derived atmospheric motion vector (AMV) data on the convective scale numerical weather prediction (NWP) by using the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) three‐dimensional variational (3DVAR) data assimilation (DA) system. The benefit of the AMV DA for short‐term severe weather forecast is assessed with three high‐impact weather events that occurred in spring 2018 and 2019 over the Great Plains of the United States. The results show that the wind and equivalent potential temperature fields associated with the storm environment and the nearby ongoing convection are improved by the AMV DA, which yields better simulation of the boundaries and the subsequent forecasts of storm evolution. For the quasi‐linear or mesoscale convective system, the assimilation of AMVs has a positive impact on the 0–3 h forecasts of composite reflectivity and accumulated precipitation in terms of the shape, location, and magnitude. However, the AMV DA has difficulty in capturing the sharp moisture gradient associated with the dryline and mostly underpredicts the associated scattered storms.
The prohibitin-binding compound fluorizoline inhibits mitophagy in cancer cells
Authors: Núñez-Vázquez Sonia , Saura-Esteller José , Sánchez-Vera Ismael , Guilbaud Emma , Cosialls Ana M. , Pons Gabriel , Ricci Jean-Ehrland , Iglesias-Serret Daniel , Marchetti Sandrine , Gil Joan
Published: September 2021

Fluorizoline is a prohibitin-binding compound that triggers apoptosis in several cell lines from murine and human origin, as well as in primary cells from hematologic malignancies by inducing the integrated stress response and ER stress. Recently, it was described that PHB (Prohibitin) 1 and 2 are crucial mitophagy receptors involved in mediating the autophagic degradation of mitochondria. We measured mitophagy in HeLa cells expressing Parkin and in A549, a lung cancer cell line that can undergo mitophagy in a Parkin-independent manner, and we demonstrated that both fluorizoline and rocaglamide A, another PHB-binding molecule, inhibit CCCP- and OA-induced mitophagy. Moreover, we demonstrated that PHBs are mediating Parkin-dependent mitophagy. In conclusion, besides being a potent pro-apoptotic compound, we present fluorizoline as a promising new mitophagy modulator that could be used as anticancer agent.
Macroecological distributions of gene variants highlight the functional organization of soil microbial systems
Authors: Escalas Arthur , Paula Fabiana S , Guilhaumon François , Yuan Mengting , Yang Yunfeng , Wu Linwei , Liu Feifei , Feng Jiaje , Zhang Yuguang , Zhou Jizhong
Published: September 2021

The recent application of macroecological tools and concepts has made it possible to identify consistent patterns in the distribution of microbial biodiversity, which greatly improved our understanding of the microbial world at large scales. However, the distribution of microbial functions remains largely uncharted from the macroecological point of view. Here, we used macroecological models to examine how the genes encoding the functional capabilities of microorganisms are distributed within and across soil systems. Models built using functional gene array data from 818 soil microbial communities showed that the occupancy-frequency distributions of genes were bimodal in every studied site, and that their rank-abundance distributions were best described by a lognormal model. In addition, the relationships between gene occupancy and abundance were positive in all sites. This allowed us to identify genes with high abundance and ubiquitous distribution (core) and genes with low abundance and limited spatial distribution (satellites), and to show that they encode different sets of microbial traits. Common genes encode microbial traits related to the main biogeochemical cycles (C, N, P and S) while rare genes encode traits related to adaptation to environmental stresses, such as nutrient limitation, resistance to heavy metals and degradation of xenobiotics. Overall, this study characterized for the first time the distribution of microbial functional genes within soil systems, and highlight the interest of macroecological models for understanding the functional organization of microbial systems across spatial scales.
Long noncoding RNA SOX2OT promotes pancreatic cancer cell migration and invasion through destabilizing FUS protein via ubiquitination
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhang Xiong-Fei , Wang Dong-Yan , Zhu Yi , Chen Lei , Zhang Jing-Jing
Published: September 2021

Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive and lethal digestive system malignancy. Our previous studies revealed the correlation of high levels of lncRNA SOX2OT expression with patients’ poor survival outcomes, the promoting role of SOX2OT in proliferation and cycle progression of pancreatic cancer cells, and the in vivo binding of SOX2OT to RNA binding protein FUS, which destabilized the protein expression of FUS. However, the mechanism of SOX2OT binding and inhibiting FUS protein stability remains unclear. In this study, we performed RNA pull-down, cycloheximide-chase, and ubiquitination assays to determine the effect of SOX2OT on FUS ubiquitination, and explored the specific regulatory mechanism of SOX2OT–FUS axis in pancreatic cancer cell migration, invasion, in vivo tumor growth, and metastasis through RNA sequencing. We found that SOX2OT binds to FUS through its 5′ and 3′ regions, resulting in FUS ubiquitination and degradation. The SOX2OT–FUS regulatory axis promotes migration, invasion, tumor growth, and metastasis ability of pancreatic cancer cells. The in-depth elaboration of the SOX2OT–FUS regulatory axis in pancreatic cancer may clarify the mechanism of action of SOX2OT and provide new ideas for pancreatic cancer treatment.