bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spanish version of the Actinic Keratosis Quality of Life questionnaire
Authors: Alarcon I. , Vinding G.R. , Christensen K.B. , Esmann S. , Malvehy J. , Puig S. , Jemec G.B.E.
Published: January 2017

Background

Patient‐reported outcome measures are very important outcomes. For specific diseases, health‐related quality of life‐instruments (HRQoL) are increasingly used to provide data on patients’ overall perceptions of the course of a given disease. Actinic keratoses (AKs) are common keratotic lesions that occur on chronically sunlight‐exposed skin. Only few studies regarding HRQoL in AKs have been made.

Objective

In order to be able to compare HRQoL among different countries and cultures, we aimed to translate and validate the Actinic Keratosis Quality of Life (AKQoL) questionnaire into Spanish and quantify the impairment caused by AKs in Spanish patients.

Methods

The AKQoL was translated. Then, 15 patients with AKs were interviewed to ensure cultural adaption before it was tested in one hundred patients with AK lesions at the Melanoma Unit of Hospital Clinic in Barcelona.

Results

Validation showed high interitem correlations, as well as a high correlation of each item and the total score. Internal consistency (Cronbach's coefficient alpha) was also high at 0.91 and an alpha value of 0.90 at retest. The test–retest correlation was 0.96, and the intraclass coefficient was 0.98.

Conclusion

The presented data support the AKQoL Spanish version as a valid and reliable HRQoL questionnaire for the description of AK‐related QoL and may provide a method for comparison of AK specific QoL between different cultures and countries.
Genetic differentiation associated with host plants and geography among six widespread species of South American Blepharoneura fruit flies (Tephritidae)
Authors: Ottens K. , Winkler I. S. , Lewis M. L. , Scheffer S. J. , Gomes‐Costa G. A. , Condon M. A. , Forbes A. A.
Published: January 2017

Tropical herbivorous insects are astonishingly diverse, and many are highly host‐specific. Much evidence suggests that herbivorous insect diversity is a function of host plant diversity; yet, the diversity of some lineages exceeds the diversity of plants. Although most species of herbivorous fruit flies in the Neotropical genus Blepharoneura are strongly host‐specific (they deposit their eggs in a single host plant species and flower sex), some species are collected from multiple hosts or flowers and these may represent examples of lineages that are diversifying via changes in host use. Here, we investigate patterns of diversification within six geographically widespread Blepharoneura species that have been collected and reared from at least two host plant species or host plant parts. We use microsatellites to (1) test for evidence of local genetic differentiation associated with different sympatric hosts (different plant species or flower sexes) and (2) examine geographic patterns of genetic differentiation across multiple South American collection sites. In four of the six fly species, we find evidence of local genetic differences between flies collected from different hosts. All six species show evidence of geographic structure, with consistent differences between flies collected in the Guiana Shield and flies collected in Amazonia. Continent‐wide analyses reveal – in all but one instance – that genetically differentiated flies collected in sympatry from different host species or different sex flowers are not one another's closest relatives, indicating that genetic differences often arise in allopatry before, or at least coincident with, the evolution of novel host use.
First confirmed record ofMolasp. A in the western Mediterranean Sea: morphological, molecular and parasitological findings
Authors: Ahuir‐Baraja A. E. , Yamanoue Y. , Kubicek L.
Published: January 2017

Recent molecular and morphological studies suggest the existence of at least three species ofMola(Molaspp. A, B and C). Currently, onlyMola molaandMola ramsayiare formally accepted and species A, B or C have not been assigned to these thus far. In this study, a large ocean sunfish in the western Mediterranean Sea was analysed molecularly and morphologically, identified asMolasp. A and a detailed account of the specimen's parasite load is reported.
Handgrip Strength in Old and Very Old Adults: Mood, Cognition, Function, and Mortality
Authors: Stessman Jochanan , Rottenberg Yakir , Fischer Matan , Hammerman‐Rozenberg Aliza , Jacobs Jeremy M.
Published: January 2017

Objectives

To determine the trajectory of handgrip strength (HGS) from age 70 to 90 and its association with mood, cognition, functional status, and mortality.

Design

Prospective follow‐up of an age‐homogenous representative community‐dwelling cohort (born 1920–21) in the Jerusalem Longitudinal Cohort Study (1990–2015).

Setting

Home‐based assessment.

Participants

Subjects aged 70 (n = 327), 78 (n = 384), 85 (n = 1187), and 90 (n = 406), examined in 1990, 1998, 2005, and 2010, respectively.

Measurements

Handgrip strength (kg) (dynamometer), low HGS defined as sex‐specific lowest quartile grip; geriatric assessment; all‐cause mortality (1990–2015).

Results

Mean HGS declined between age 70 and 90 from 21.3 ± 7.2 to 11.5 ± 5.6 kg in women and from 35.3 ± 8.4 to 19.5 ± 8.2 kg in men. Cross‐sectional associations were observed between low HGS and poor functional measures (age 70–90), lower educational and financial status, smoking, and diabetes mellitus (ages 78–90). After adjustment for baseline education, self‐rated health, physical activity, diabetes mellitus, depression, and cognition, low HGS predicted subsequent activity of daily living dependence from age 78 to 85 (odds ratio (OR) = 2.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04–6.89) and 85 to 90 (OR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.01–5.30), whereas the adjusted ORs for activities of daily living difficulty and depression failed to achieve significance. HGS did not predict subsequent cognitive decline. Survival rates were significantly lower in participants with low HGS (Quartile 1) than in those with normal HGS (Quartiles 2, 3, 4) throughout follow‐up from ages 78 to 85, 85 to 90, and 90 to 95. Similarly, after adjusting for sex, education, self‐rated health, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, and smoking, a low HGS was associated with significantly higher mortality.

Conclusions

Mean HGS declined progressively with age, and participants in the lowest age‐specific quartile of HGS had a higher risk of subsequent functional decline and mortality.
Effect of the Unfilled Space Size of the Abutment Screw Access Hole on the Extruded Excess Cement and Retention of Single Implant Zirconia Crowns
Authors: Al‐Johany Sulieman S. , Al Amri Mohammad D. , Al‐Bakri Ahmed S. , Al‐Qarni Mohammed N.
Published: January 2017

Purpose

To evaluate in vitro the effect of the size of the unfilled space of the abutment screw access hole on the amount of extruded excess cement and the retention of zirconia copings.

Materials and Methods

Twelve dental implant replicas were attached to the corresponding abutments and embedded in acrylic resin blocks. A total of 36 CAD/CAM zirconia copings were fabricated by one technician using the standard technique. Abutments were divided into group I: the entire screw access channel was completely filled (nonspaced); group II: 1‐mm‐spaced; and group III: 2‐mm‐spaced. The copings were air‐abraded and temporarily cemented under constant load of 60 N for 10 minutes. The excess cement was calculated as the difference between the post‐cementation and post‐excess‐removal weights using a digital scale. Retention test was performed by a universal testing machine at a 0.5 mm/min crosshead speed. The ultimate force and tensile strength required for separation were recorded. One‐way ANOVA and Tukey's test were used for statistical analysis at p ˂ 0.05.

Results

The average amount of extruded cement in groups 1, 2, and 3 was 33.48 ± 1.55, 23.05 ± 5.48, and 15.58 ± 5.98 mg, respectively. Multiple comparisons showed significant differences in the amount of extruded excess cement between the three groups (p ˂ 0.001). The maximum load at decementation in groups 1, 2, and 3 was 98.8, 87.5, and 88.6 N, respectively. Groups 1, 2, and 3 separated at 6.90 ± 1.2, 6.12 ± 0.7, and 6.21 ± 0.9 MPa, respectively, with no significant differences between them.

Conclusions

The amount of extruded excess cement was reduced by more than half when a 2‐mm space of the screw access hole was left unfilled in comparison to the nonspaced counterpart. The retention of zirconia copings was not affected by the reported technique.
Hold Back or Held Back? The Roles of Constraint Mitigation and Exchange Diffusion on Power “Nonuse” in Buyer–Supplier Exchanges
Authors: Crook T. Russell , Craighead Christopher W. , Autry Chad W.
Published: January 2017

Research on the use of power in buyer–supplier exchanges often derives insights from resource dependence theory to explain how power‐advantaged firms leverage their strength. Yet, when power‐advantaged firms should not—or cannot—use their power is less understood. To explain why firms should not use their power advantages, we put forth the concept of constraint mitigation, whereby firms relinquish power in mutually dependent contexts. To explain why firms cannot use their power advantages, we draw on insights from resource orchestration theory to put forth the concept of exchange diffusion. Exchange diffusion occurs when firms have not effectively structured and bundled a resource—in this case power. Thus, we theorize that exchange diffusion in power‐advantaged firms will limit their ability to use their power. Furthermore, and perhaps less intuitively, we argue that diffusion in weaker firms will also limit the ability of the stronger firm to use its power. In other words, we theorize that exchange diffusion “disarms” the stronger firm—regardless of whether self‐ or partner‐inflicted. Our key contribution is to offer theorizing centered on power nonuse. We also advance a theory of exchange diffusion, which could significantly augment our understanding of buyer–supplier exchanges.
Financial Dependence, Lean Inventory Strategy, and Firm Performance
Authors: Elking Isaac , Paraskevas John‐Patrick , Grimm Curtis , Corsi Thomas , Steven Adams
Published: January 2017

We conduct an empirical investigation of the impact of focal firm and supplier financial dependence on focal firm financial performance using the lens of resource dependence theory. We further investigate the moderating impact of dependence asymmetry on the relationship between lean inventory strategy and focal firm financial performance. We use an innovative supply chain structure data set provided by Bloomberg, which allows implementation of unique measures for focal firm and supplier financial dependence within a supply chain. The results of an analysis of 3,638 buyer–supplier relationships provide support for the hypothesized direct effects of focal firm financial dependence and supplier financial dependence on firm financial performance. Our results also support our hypothesis regarding the moderating effect of dependence asymmetry on the relationship between lean inventory strategies on financial performance. These findings both improve our understanding of the impact of dependence on focal firm performance and shed light on the heretofore unstudied impact of dependence asymmetry's effect on the efficacy of lean inventory strategies.
Serum apoB levels independently predict the development of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: A 7‐year prospective study
Authors: Wang Jinghua , Zhu Wanlin , Huang Shujun , Xu Lei , Miao Min , Wu Chenjiao , Yu Chaohui , Li Youming , Xu Chengfu
Published: January 2017

Background & Aims

Cross‐sectional studies have shown that apolipoprotein B (apoB) is positively associated with the prevalence of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to investigate the prospective relationship between the serum apoB levels and the development of NAFLD in a Chinese population.

Methods

A cohort of 7077 initially NAFLD‐free participants was enrolled in this prospectively study. The incidence of NAFLD was calculated among participants with different baseline serum apoB quintiles. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were conducted to calculate the risks for incident NAFLD.

Results

During 41 555 person‐year follow‐ups, 1139 incident NAFLD cases were identified. The baseline apoB levels were linear and positively correlated with NAFLD incidence. The incidence was 16.99, 22.63, 24.73, 37.51 and 42.77 per 1000 person‐year follow‐up for participants with baseline apoB levels in quintiles 1–5, respectively. Compared with participants with baseline apoB levels in quintile 1, the hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for incident NAFLD were 1.353 (1.100–1.663), 1.482 (1.207–1.820), 2.232 (1.832–2.720) and 2.543 (2.082–3.106) for participants with baseline apoB levels in quintile 2–5, respectively. The hazard ratios were attenuated but remained statistically significant after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index and variables associated with metabolic syndrome.

Conclusion

Elevated serum apoB levels independently predict an increased risk for incident NAFLD.
The role of autonomic dysfunction in predicting 1‐year mortality after liver transplantation
Authors: Chan Kuang‐Cheng , Yeh Jia‐Rong , Sun Wei‐Zen
Published: January 2017

Background & Aims

Model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) score has been extensively used to prioritize patients for liver transplantation and determine their prognosis, but with limited predictive value. Autonomic dysfunction may correlate with increased mortality after liver transplant. In this study, two autonomic biomarkers, complexity and deceleration capacity, were added to the predicting model for 1‐year mortality after liver transplantation.

Methods

In all, 30 patients with end‐stage liver diseases awaiting liver transplantation were included. Complexity and deceleration capacity were calculated by multi‐scale entropy and phase‐rectified signal averaging, respectively. Different combinations of autonomic factors and MELD score were used to predict mortality rate of liver transplant after 1‐year follow‐up. Receiver‐operating characteristics curve analysis was performed to determine clinical predictability. Area under the receiver‐operating characteristics curve represents the overall accuracy.

Results

The 1‐year mortality rate was 16.7% (5/30). The overall accuracy of MELD score used for predicting mortality after liver transplantation was 0.752. By adding complexity and deceleration capacity into the predicting model, the accuracy increased to 0.912. Notably, the accuracy of the prediction using complexity and deceleration capacity alone was 0.912.

Conclusion

Complexity and deceleration capacity, which represent different dynamical properties of a human autonomic system, are critical factors for predicting mortality rate of liver transplantation. We recommend that these pre‐operative autonomic factors may be helpful as critical adjuncts to predicting model of mortality rate in prioritizing organ allocation.
Epidemiology update for hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus in end‐stage renal disease in France
Authors: Isnard Bagnis Corinne , Couchoud Cécile , Bowens Marc , Sarraj Ayman , Deray Gilbert , Tourret Jérôme , Cacoub Patrice , Tezenas du Montcel Sophie
Published: January 2017

Background & aims

Risk for HCV/HBV infection is increased in end‐stage renal disease patients. We generate updated epidemiological data.

Methods

Based on the National French registry for end‐stage renal disease patients, we extracted data for patients who started dialysis or pre‐emptive transplantation between January 2005 and December 2013. A positive serum HBs Ag and/or a positive HCV RNA defined HBV and HCV infections, respectively.

Results

In all, 72 948 patients were included among which 62.5% were men. At inclusion, 615 patients were HBV+ and 1026 HCV+. The prevalence of HBV and HCV infections were 0.84% (95% PI: 0.78–0.91) and 1.41% (95% PI: 1.32–1.49), respectively. The prevalence of HBV infection by age group increased progressively until a maximum rate at 1.80% (95% PI: 1.46–2.20) in the 4th decade, then regularly decreased. Same profile was observed for HCV prevalence, with a maximum rate at 3.14% (95% PI: 2.68–3.65) in the 4th decade. During the follow‐up, we identified new HBV or HCV infections in 117 and 81 patients, respectively, with an overall incidence of 0.076% (95% PI: 0.062–0.090) and 0.053% (95%PI: 0.041–0.065) between 2005 and 2013, respectively. During the first dialysis year, HBV incidence was 0.35% (95% PI: 0.28–0.43) and that of HCV 0.21% (95% PI: 0.16–0.28).

Conclusion

Our data highlight the need for HCV therapy for more than 1000 end‐stage renal disease patients in France, sustained systematic immunization campaigns (HBV) and underlines the persistence of HBV/HCV new hand‐borne nosocomial cases.
Modeling economic growth with tourism for small open economies
Authors: Stauvermann Peter Josef , Kumar Ronald Ravinesh
Published: January 2017

The purpose of the paper is to develop an economic growth model and analyze the impact of changes in tourists’ income on the growth of tourism dependent small open economies. We use a general theoretical construct to answer the question of how the price elasticity of tourism demand, income elasticity of tourism demand, and the concentration in the service sector influence the economic development of small economies. One of the main results is that the policy planners in small open economies may consider specific policies to influence the strength of market competition. An ensuing effect of such policies is that the labor incomes will increase. The approach provides a microeconomic foundation for macroeconomic modeling which can be used for applied research, and the model can be easily extended to examine other dimensions of economic development.
First report of Stegomyia aegypti (= Aedes aegypti) in Mexico City, Mexico
Authors: KURI‐MORALES P. , CORREA‐MORALES F. , GONZÁLEZ‐ACOSTA C. , SÁNCHEZ‐TEJEDA G. , DÁVALOS‐BECERRIL E. , FERNANDA JUÁREZ‐FRANCO M. , DÍAZ‐QUIÑONEZ A. , HUERTA‐JIMENÉZ H. , MEJÍA‐GUEVARA M. D. , MORENO‐GARCÍA M. , GONZÁLEZ‐ROLDÁN J. F.
Published: January 2017

Stegomyia aegypti (= Aedes aegypti) (Diptera: Culicidae) is a species of mosquito that is currently widespread in Mexico. Historically, the mosquito has been distributed across most tropical and subtropical areas lower than 1700 m a.s.l. Currently, populations that are found at higher altitudes in regions with cold and dry climates suggest that these conditions do not limit the colonization and population growth of S. aegypti. During a survey of mosquitoes in September 2015, larvae of S. aegypti mosquitoes were found in two different localities in Mexico City, which is located at about 2250 m a.s.l. Mexico City is the most populous city in Mexico and has inefficient drainage and water supply systems. These factors may result in the provision of numerous larval breeding sites. Mosquito monitoring and surveillance are now priorities for the city.
Hemin binding by Porphyromonas gingivalis strains is dependent on the presence of A‐LPS
Authors: Rangarajan M. , Aduse‐Opoku J. , Paramonov N.A. , Hashim A. , Curtis M.A.
Published: January 2017

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a Gram‐negative black pigmenting anaerobe that is unable to synthesize heme [Fe(II)‐protoporphyrin IX] or hemin [Fe(III)‐protoporphyrin IX‐Cl], which are important growth/virulence factors, and must therefore derive them from the host. Porphyromonas gingivalis expresses several proteinaceous hemin‐binding sites, which are important in the binding/transport of heme/hemin from the host. It also synthesizes several virulence factors, namely cysteine‐proteases Arg‐ and Lys‐gingipains and two lipopolysaccharides (LPS), O‐LPS and A‐LPS. The gingipains are required for the production of the black pigment, μ‐oxo‐bisheme {[Fe(III)PPIX]2 O}, which is derived from hemoglobin and deposited on the bacterial cell‐surface leading to the characteristic black colonies when grown on blood agar. In this study we investigated the role of LPS in the deposition of μ‐oxo‐bisheme on the cell‐surface. A P. gingivalis mutant defective in the biosynthesis of Arg‐gingipains, namely rgpA/rgpB, produces brown colonies on blood agar and mutants defective in Lys‐gingipain (kgp) and LPS biosynthesis namely porR, waaL, wzy, and pg0129 (α‐1, 3‐mannosyltransferase) produce non‐pigmented colonies. However, only those mutants lacking A‐LPS showed reduced hemin‐binding when cells in suspension were incubated with hemin. Using native, de‐O‐phosphorylated and de‐lipidated LPS from P. gingivalis W50 and porR strains, we demonstrated that hemin‐binding to O‐polysaccharide (PS) and to the lipid A moiety of LPS was reduced compared with hemin‐binding to A‐PS. We conclude that A‐LPS in the outer‐membrane of P. gingivalis serves as a scaffold/anchor for the retention of μ‐oxo‐bisheme on the cell surface and pigmentation is dependent on the presence of A‐LPS.
Metabolic reprogramming in response to cold stress is like real estate, it's all about location
Authors: Hurry Vaughan
Published: January 2017

This article comments on: Subcellular reprogramming of metabolism during cold acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana
Epigenetic regulation of Wnt/β‐catenin signal‐associated genes in gastric neoplasia of the fundic gland (chief cell‐predominant) type
Authors: Murakami Takashi , Mitomi Hiroyuki , Yao Takashi , Saito Tsuyoshi , Shibuya Tomoyoshi , Watanabe Sumio
Published: January 2017

Gastric neoplasia of the fundic gland (chief cell‐predominant) type (GNCCP) is a rare variant of gastric tumor. This tumor is associated with activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway; however, the mechanisms underlying this activation remain unknown. To elucidate potential roles of Wnt/β‐catenin signal‐associated gene methylation in GNCCP, we performed β‐catenin immunostaining and methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for their associated genes, including SFRPs, APC, AXIN2, and MCC, in 26 GNCCPs [i.e., 11 intramucosal (GNCCP‐Ms) and 15 submucosal tumors (GNCCP‐SMs)], and compared with 27 fundic gland polyps (FGPs), 12 FGPs with dysplasia (FGP‐Ds), 27 conventional gastric adenocarcinomas (CGAs). Nuclear β‐catenin labeling indices were higher in GNCCPs and CGAs than in FGPs and FGP‐Ds. SFRPs, APC, and AXIN2 were more frequently methylated in GNCCPs and CGAs (SFRP1, 88%/96%; SFRP2, 85%/93%; SFRP4, 73%/81%; APC, 81%/81%; AXIN2, 81%/85%; respectively) than in FGPs and FGP‐Ds (37%/50%; 41%/42%; 41%/58%; 37%/33%; 41%/50%; respectively). A significant correlation was seen between nuclear β‐catenin expression and methylation of SFRP1 in GNCCPs. Furthermore, nuclear β‐catenin expression was significantly frequent in high‐methylated GNCCPs than in low‐methylated tumors. In conclusion, our results suggest that activation of this pathway, mediated by gene methylation, may be associated with progression of some GNCCP cases, similar to CGAs.
Pricing Strategies under Behavioral Observational Learning in Social Networks
Authors: Qiu Liangfei , Whinston Andrew B.
Published: January 2017

The increasing pervasiveness of social networks allows users to share purchase behaviors with their online friends. In this study, we examine optimal pricing strategies of a monopolistic firm using an analytical model that accounts for behavioral observational learning in social networks. We show that a seller could potentially control the information available to future customers and induce behavioral observational learning, using an information‐revealing pricing strategy. This result suggests that offering introductory discounts is not always an effective method to boost purchases in social networks. It could prevent the behavioral observational learning that would increase future customers' willingness to pay.
Challenged Expectations: Mere Exposure Effects on Attitudes About Transgender People and Rights
Authors: Flores Andrew R. , Haider‐Markel Donald P. , Lewis Daniel C. , Miller Patrick R. , Tadlock Barry L. , Taylor Jami K.
Published: January 2017

Social categorization processes may be initiated by physical appearance, which have the potential to influence how people evaluate others. Categorizations ground what stereotypes and prejudices, if any, become activated. Gender is one of the first features people notice about others. Much less is known about individuals who may transgress gender expectations, including people who are transgender. Using an experiment, this study investigates whether the attitudes that people have about transgender people and rights are influenced by information and facial images. We hypothesize that mere exposure to transgender people, via information and images of faces, should be a source of prejudice reduction. We randomly provide participants with vignettes defining transgender and also randomize whether these vignettes come with facial images, varying the physical features of gendered individuals. We find our treatments have lower levels of discomfort and transphobia but have little effect on transgender rights attitudes. We further find that the impacts are stronger among Democrats than among Republicans. Our findings support the argument that people are in general unfamiliar with transgender people, and the mere exposure to outgroups can be a source of prejudice reduction.
Precision medicine in COPD: Are we making it too difficult?
Authors: de Jong Pim A. , Mohamed Hoesein Firdaus
Published: January 2017

See article, page 322
Tendinopathy in diabetes mellitus patients—Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management
Authors: Lui P.P.Y.
Published: January 2017

Chronic tendinopathy is a frequent and disabling musculo‐skeletal problem affecting the athletic and general populations. The affected tendon is presented with local tenderness, swelling, and pain which restrict the activity of the individual. Tendon degeneration reduces the mechanical strength and predisposes it to rupture. The pathogenic mechanisms of chronic tendinopathy are not fully understood and several major non‐mutually exclusive hypotheses including activation of the hypoxia‐apoptosis‐pro‐inflammatory cytokines cascade, neurovascular ingrowth, increased production of neuromediators, and erroneous stem cell differentiation have been proposed. Many intrinsic and extrinsic risk/causative factors can predispose to the development of tendinopathy. Among them, diabetes mellitus is an important risk/causative factor. This review aims to appraise the current literature on the epidemiology and pathology of tendinopathy in diabetic patients. Systematic reviews were done to summarize the literature on (a) the association between diabetes mellitus and tendinopathy/tendon tears, (b) the pathological changes in tendon under diabetic or hyperglycemic conditions, and (c) the effects of diabetes mellitus or hyperglycemia on the outcomes of tendon healing. The potential mechanisms of diabetes mellitus in causing and exacerbating tendinopathy with reference to the major non‐mutually exclusive hypotheses of the pathogenic mechanisms of chronic tendinopathy as reported in the literature are also discussed. Potential strategies for the management of tendinopathy in diabetic patients are presented.
Do post‐concussion‐like symptom responses change following exercise or sports participation in a non‐concussed cohort?
Authors: Balasundaram A. P. , Athens J. , Schneiders A. G. , McCrory P. , Sullivan S. J.
Published: January 2017

The purposes of this study were (a) to determine the reliable change in post‐concussion‐like symptoms reported following self‐selected exercise or sports activities and (b) to explore the potential influence of gender and exercise parameters on post‐concussion‐like symptoms reported by a non‐concussed cohort following exercise/training. A pre‐to‐post observational design was used. A convenience sample of students aged 18–30 years who visited a university recreation center to engage in their chosen exercise activity and a purposeful sample of men's and women's rugby union players engaged in their regular training sessions were included in the study. All participants reported their symptoms using the symptom scale of the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 2. The reliable change index was used to determine the change in symptom scores reported from pre‐to post‐exercise/training. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to model the exercise variables to explain the impact on the reporting of symptoms. A total of 260 participants (146 males and 114 females) completed their self‐selected exercise activity or rugby union training. Approximately two‐thirds of all participants did not demonstrate a change (increase or decrease) in total symptom score (201/260, 77.9%) and/or symptom severity score (212/260, 81.9%) from pre‐to post‐exercise/training. The symptom response following exercise or sports training did not change in the majority of participants. Clinicians need to be aware of these findings to make informed decisions on return‐to‐play following a concussive brain injury.
TheSUFBC2D complex is required for the biogenesis of all major classes of plastid Fe‐S proteins
Authors: Hu Xueyun , Kato Yukako , Sumida Akihiro , Tanaka Ayumi , Tanaka Ryouichi
Published: January 2017

Iron‐sulfur (Fe‐S) proteins play crucial roles in plastids, participating in photosynthesis and other metabolic pathways. Fe‐S clusters are thought to be assembled on a scaffold complex composed ofSUFB,SUFCandSUFDproteins. However, several additional proteins provide putative scaffold functions in plastids, and, therefore, the contribution ofSUFB, C and D proteins to overall Fe‐S assembly still remains unclear. In order to gain insights regarding Fe‐S cluster biosynthesis in plastids, we analyzed the complex composed ofSUFB, C and D in Arabidopsis by blue native‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Using this approach, a major complex of 170kDa containing all subunits was detected, indicating that these proteins constitute aSUFBC2D complex similar to their well characterized bacterial counterparts. The functional effects ofSUFB,SUFCorSUFDdepletion were analyzed using an inducibleRNAi silencing system to specifically target the aforementioned components; resulting in a decrease of various plastidic Fe‐S proteins including the PsaA/B and PsaC subunits of photosystem I, ferredoxin and glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase. In contrast, the knockout of potential Fe‐S scaffold proteins,NFU2 andHCF101, resulted in a specific decrease in the PsaA/B and PsaC levels. These results indicate that the functions ofSUFB,SUFCandSUFDfor Fe‐S cluster biosynthesis cannot be replaced by other scaffold proteins and thatSUFBC2D,NFU2 andHCF101 are involved in the same pathway for the biogenesis ofPSI. Taken together, our results providein vivoevidence supporting the hypothesis thatSUFBC2D is the major, and possibly sole scaffold in plastids.
MYB12 and MYB22 play essential roles in proanthocyanidin and flavonol synthesis in red‐fleshed apple (Malus sieversii f. niedzwetzkyana)
Authors: Wang Nan , Xu Haifeng , Jiang Shenghui , Zhang Zongying , Lu Ninglin , Qiu Huarong , Qu Changzhi , Wang Yicheng , Wu Shujing , Chen Xuesen
Published: January 2017

Flavonoids are major polyphenol compounds in plant secondary metabolism. Wild red‐fleshed apples (Malus sieversii f. niedzwetzkyana) are an excellent resource because of their much high flavonoid content than cultivated apples. In this work, R6R6, R6R1 and R1R1 genotypes were identified in an F1 segregating population of M. sieversii f. niedzwetzkyana. Significant differences in flavonoid composition and content were detected among the three genotypes by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry analysis. Furthermore, two putative flavonoid‐related genes encoding R2R3‐MYB transcription factors, designated MYB12 and MYB22, were cloned and characterized. The expression patterns of MYB12 and MYB22 directly correlated with those of leucoanthocyanidin reductase and flavonol synthase, respectively. Their roles in flavonoid biosynthesis were identified by overexpression in apple callus and ectopic expression in Arabidopsis. MYB12 expression in the Arabidopsis TT2 mutant complemented its proanthocyanidin‐deficient phenotype. Likewise, MYB22 expression in an Arabidopsis triple mutant complemented its flavonol‐deficient phenotype. MYB12 could interact with bHLH3 and bHLH33 and played an essential role in proanthocyanidin synthesis. MYB22 was found to activate flavonol pathways by combining directly with the flavonol synthase promoter. Our findings provide a valuable perspective on flavonoid synthesis and provide a basis for breeding elite functional apples with a high flavonoid content.
The Education of Developing Responsibility Value
Authors: Güngör Semra Kiranli , Güzel Deniz Bostan
Published: January 2017

The aim of this research is to improve different responsibility value education activities in pre-school value education. In Turkey, there is a yearly programme in which value should be gained in pre-school value education, but it is lack of activities and how. This research was performed with the studies in a total of 26 students aged five and six, from the beginning of February to end of March in a disadvantaged socioeconomically level school selected to teach the value of responsibility for the academic year 2013-2014 in Eskisehir. At first, the students’ parents were informed about the research. Different activities were done with the students to teach the responsibility value. This research, figured in accordance with the qualitative research processes. The content analysis method was used as the research analysis method to analyze the data and themes and subthemes. The drawings of responsibility, comments on the drawings, the notes taken during the class discussion, and comments after storytelling, the content analysis were done. The results of this study showed that the application of the value of responsibility to teaching is useful for both students and parents. Student development and student perceptions about responsibility have been evaluated. The idea that responsibility should be considered as a value should to be carried on for life, beginning from pre-school.
The Relationship between Work Engagement and Organizational Trust: A Study of Elementary School Teachers in Turkey
Authors: Gülbahar Bahadır
Published: January 2017

The relationships based on trust which are established by a teacher with a school’s internal stakeholders can provide greater engagement in work. Teachers who are engaged in their jobs can be decisive in turning their schools into successful and effective schools. It is important to research the relationship between work engagement and organizational trust in teachers since these are two significant variables affecting the performance and productivity of employees. The main purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between elementary school teachers’ sense/understanding of work engagement and their understanding of organizational trust. The research is a correlational research study. Its environment consisted of 4016 elementary school teachers. 559 of the teachers were included in the sample. In the research the “Utrecht Work Engagement Scale” and “Multipurpose T Scale” were appropriately/ favourably used. In this research, confirmatory factor analysis and reliability analyses were repeated in order to validate the structure described in the scale. In the research, it is concluded that there is a positive, high level of significant relationship between participant teachers’ perceptions of work engagement and their perceptions of organizational trust.
On solutions of variable-order fractional differential equations
Authors: Akgül Ali , Inc Mustafa , Baleanu Dumitru
Published: January 2017

Numerical calculation of the fractional integrals and derivatives is the code tosearch fractional calculus and solve fractional differential equations. The exactsolutions to fractional differential equations are compelling to get in real applications, due to the nonlocality and complexity of the fractional differential operators, especially for variable-order fractional differential equations. Therefore, it is significant to enhanced numerical methods for fractional differential equations. In this work, we consider variable-order fractional differential equations by reproducing kernel method. There has been much attention in the use of reproducing kernels for the solutions to many problems in the recent years. We give two examples to demonstrate how efficiently our theory can be implemented in practice.
Using electromagnetic articulography with a tongue lateral sensor to discriminate manner of articulation
Authors: Katz William F. , Mehta Sonya , Wood Matthew , Wang Jun
Published: January 2017

This study examined the contributions of the tongue tip (TT), tongue body (TB), and tongue lateral (TL) sensors in the electromagnetic articulography (EMA) measurement of American English alveolar consonants. Thirteen adults produced /ɹ/, /l/, /z/, and /d/ in /ɑCɑ/ syllables while being recorded with an EMA system. According to statistical analysis of sensor movement and the results of a machine classification experiment, the TT sensor contributed most to consonant differences, followed by TB. The TL sensor played a complementary role, particularly for distinguishing /z/.
On the use of global optimization methods for acoustic source mapping
Authors: Malgoezar Anwar M. N. , Snellen Mirjam , Merino-Martinez Roberto , Simons Dick G. , Sijtsma Pieter
Published: January 2017

Conventional beamforming with a microphone array is a well-established method for localizing and quantifying sound sources. It provides estimates for the source strengths on a predefined grid by determining the agreement between the pressures measured and those modeled for a source located at the grid point under consideration. As such, conventional beamforming can be seen as an exhaustive search for those locations that provide a maximum match between measured and modeled pressures. In this contribution, the authors propose to, instead of the exhaustive search, use an efficient global optimization method to search for the source locations that maximize the agreement between model and measurement. Advantages are two-fold. First, the efficient optimization allows for inclusion of more unknowns, such as the source position in three-dimensional or environmental parameters such as the speed of sound. Second, the model for the received pressure field can be readily adapted to reflect, for example, the presence of more sound sources or environmental parameters that affect the received signals. For the work considered, the global optimization method, Differential Evolution, is selected. Results with simulated and experimental data show that sources can be accurately identified, including the distance from the source to the array.
Draft Genome Sequences of Pandrug-Resistant Serratia marcescens Clinical Isolates Harboring

bla
NDM-1
Authors: Yao Yancheng , Falgenhauer Linda , Kempf Volkhard A. J. , Hogardt Michael , Göttig Stephan , Imirzalioglu Can , Chakraborty Trinad
Published: January 2017

The draft genome sequences of two clonal, pandrug-resistant
Serratia marcescens
clinical isolates were determined. The resistance phenotype was plasmid driven, as 14 of 17 resistance genes were present on large IncFIB(K), IncHI2, and IncA/C2 plasmids indicating a large pool of transmissible antibiotic resistance genes.
Draft Genome Sequence of Hypervirulent and Vaccine Candidate Streptococcus suis Strain SC19
Authors: Teng Lin , Dong Xingxing , Zhou Yang , Li Zhiwei , Deng Limei , Chen Huanchun , Wang Xiaohong , Li Jinquan
Published: January 2017

Streptococcus suis
, a zoonotic bacterium found primarily in pigs, has been recognized recently as an emerging pathogen of humans. Herein, we describe the genome of
Streptococcus suis
strain SC19, a hypervirulent and vaccine candidate strain isolated from a pig amid the 2005 outbreak in China.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Triclosan- and Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain B10W Isolated from Municipal Wastewater
Authors: Zhong Chuanqing , Nelson Matthew , Cao Guangxiang , Sadowsky Michael J. , Yan Tao
Published: January 2017

Here, we report the complete genome sequence of the triclosan- and multidrug-resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
strain B10W, obtained from municipal wastewater in Hawaii. The bacterium has a 6.7-Mb genome, contains 6,391 coding sequences and 78 RNAs, with an average G+C content of 66.2 mol%.
First Complete Genome Sequence of Genotype III Japanese Encephalitis Virus Isolated from a Stillborn Piglet in India
Authors: Desingu P. A. , Ray Pradeep K. , John Jeny K. , Das T. , Dubal Z. B. , Rajak K. K. , Singh R. K. , Saikumar G.
Published: January 2017

We report here the first complete genome of the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) genotype III strain JEV/SW/IVRI/395A/2014, isolated from stillborn piglets in India. It shares 99% identity with strain JaOArS982 and a few other strains from Japan.
Deformational plagiocephaly in normal infants: a systematic review of causes and hypotheses
Authors: De Bock Freia , Braun Volker , Renz-Polster Herbert
Published: January 2017

Background

Deformational plagiocephaly (DP) is one of the most prevalent abnormal findings in infants and a frequent reason for parents to seek paediatric advice.

Objective

To systematically review the literature and identify evidence and hypotheses on the aetiology and determinants of DP in otherwise healthy infants.

Design

Systematic keyword search in all major biomedical databases to identify peer-reviewed publications reporting (a) empirical research or (b) hypotheses on the aetiology of DP in healthy, term infants. 3150 studies published between 1985 and 2016 and containing relevant keywords were screened. In a two-pronged approach, results were summarised separately for the body of empirical work (22 studies) and the body of hypotheses (110 articles).

Review findings

Only a few empirical studies have examined risk factors in non-selected patient populations on a higher grade methodological level. The most commonly reported risk factors were: male gender, supine sleep position, limited neck rotation or preference in head position, first-born child, lower level of activity and lack of tummy time. Agreement between empirical studies was poor for most exposures, including supine sleep position, tummy time and use of car seats. The articles reporting hypotheses on the aetiology of DP cover a wide field of environmental and biological factors, but include little suggestions as to the potential influence of the everyday care environment of the baby.

Conclusions and relevance

The evidence on the aetiology of DP is fragmentary and heterogeneous. In addition, factors possibly relevant to the development of DP have not been appreciated in the scientific discussion.
Child with multiple fractures: a rare presentation of a common disease
Authors: Dias Costa Filipa , Maia Carla , Almeida Susana , Ferreira Ricardo
Published: January 2017

Bone fractures are not uncommon in paediatric age. However, when recurrent, an underlying clinical condition must not be excluded. We describe the case of a boy aged 7 years, referred for investigation of recurrent bone fractures. Personal and family histories were unremarkable. Physical examination was normal. Almost all primary bone disorders were excluded. Additional laboratory investigations ruled out the majority of secondary causes of bone fragility. Coeliac disease (CD) serologies, however, were positive, and duodenal biopsies confirmed this diagnosis (Marsh III B). On a gluten-free diet, he suffered no more fractures and the bone mineral density improved. CD was also confirmed in his asymptomatic older brother. It is essential to diagnose CD as early as possible in order to minimise the compromise in bone health and prevent other complications of the disease. First-degree relatives should always be screened for the disease, even asymptomatic ones.
Improving care standards for patients with spinal trauma combining a modified e-Delphi process and stakeholder interviews: a study protocol
Authors: Sharwood Lisa N , Stanford Ralph , Middleton James W , Burns Brian , Joseph Anthony , Flower Oliver , Rigby Oran , Ball Jonathon , Dhaliwal Shelly
Published: January 2017

Introduction

Around 300 people sustain a new traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) in Australia each year; a relatively low incidence injury with extremely high long-term associated costs. Care standards are inconsistent nationally, lacking in consensus across important components of care such as prehospital spinal immobilisation, timing of surgery and timeliness of transfer to specialist services. This study aims to develop ‘expertly defined’ and agreed standards of care across the majority of disciplines involved for these patients.

Methods and analysis

A modified e-Delphi process will be used to gain consensus for best practice across specific clinical early care areas for the patient with TSCI; invited participants will include clinicians across Australia with relevant and significant expertise. A rapid literature review will identify available evidence, including any current guidelines from 2005 to 2015. Level and strength of evidence identified, including areas of contention, will be used to formulate the first round survey questions and statements. Participants will undertake 2–3 online survey rounds, responding anonymously to questionnaires regarding care practices and indicating their agreement or otherwise with practice standard statements. Relevant key stakeholders, including patients, will also be interviewed face to face.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval for this study was obtained by the NSW Population & Health Services Research Ethics Committee on 14 January 2016 (HREC/12/CIPHS/74). Seeking comprehensive understanding of how the variation in early care pathways and treatment can be addressed to achieve optimal patient outcomes and economic costs; the overall aim is the agreement to a consistent approach to the triage, treatment, transport and definitive care of acute TSCI victims. The agreed practice standards of care will inform the development of a Clinical Pathway with practice change strategies for implementation. These standards will offer a benchmark for state-wide and potentially national policy.