bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maggot Therapy: The Science and Implication for CAM Part I—History and Bacterial Resistance
Authors: Nigam Yamni , Bexfield Alyson , Thomas Stephen , Ratcliffe Norman Arthur
Published: May 2006

It is now a universally acknowledged fact that maggot therapy can be used successfully to treat chronic, long‐standing, infected wounds, which have previously failed to respond to conventional treatment. Such wounds are typically characterized by the presence of necrotic tissue, underlying infection and poor healing. Maggot therapy employs the use of freshly emerged, sterile larvae of the common green‐bottle fly, Phaenicia (Lucilia) sericata, and is a form of artificially induced myiasis in a controlled clinical situation. In this review article, we will discuss the role of maggots and their preparation for clinical use. Maggot therapy has the following three core beneficial effects on a wound: debridement, disinfection and enhanced healing. In part I we explore our current understanding of the mechanisms underlying these effects.
Proteomic Investigation of the Effect of Salicylic Acid on Arabidopsis Seed Germination and Establishment of Early Defense Mechanisms
Authors: Rajjou Loïc , Belghazi Maya , Huguet Romain , Robin Caroline , Moreau Adrien , Job Claudette , Job Dominique
Published: May 2006

The influence of salicylic acid (SA) on elicitation of defense mechanisms in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds and seedlings was assessed by physiological measurements combined with global expression profiling (proteomics). Parallel experiments were carried out using the NahG transgenic plants expressing the bacterial gene encoding SA hydroxylase, which cannot accumulate the active form of this plant defense elicitor. SA markedly improved germination under salt stress. Proteomic analyses disclosed a specific accumulation of protein spots regulated by SA as inferred by silver-nitrate staining of two-dimensional gels, detection of carbonylated (oxidized) proteins, and neosynthesized proteins with [35S]-methionine. The combined results revealed several processes potentially affected by SA. This molecule enhanced the reinduction of the late maturation program during early stages of germination, thereby allowing the germinating seeds to reinforce their capacity to mount adaptive responses in environmental water stress. Other processes affected by SA concerned the quality of protein translation, the priming of seed metabolism, the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes, and the mobilization of seed storage proteins. All the observed effects are likely to improve seed vigor. Another aspect revealed by this study concerned the oxidative stress entailed by SA in germinating seeds, as inferred from a characterization of the carbonylated (oxidized) proteome. Finally, the proteomic data revealed a close interplay between abscisic signaling and SA elicitation of seed vigor.
2-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N-{3-cyano-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1H-pyrazol-5-yl}-3-methylbutanamide ethanol solvate
Authors: Cheng Jing-Li , Wei Fang-Lin , Gui Wen-Jun , Zhu Guo-Nian
Published: May 2006

In the title compound, C22H16Cl3F3N4O·C2H6O, the asymmetric unit consists of one molecule of C22H16Cl3F3N4O and one ethanol solvent molecule which are connected through an N—H...O hydrogen bond. The H atom of the hydroxyl group of the solvent molecule is hydrogen bonded to the N atom of the cyano group. These hydrogen-bond interactions result in the formation of zigzag chains parallel to the a axis.
{6,6′-Dimethoxy-2,2′-[ethane-1,2-diylbis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenolato}nickel(II) chloroform solvate
Authors: Yu Yu-Ye
Published: May 2006

The title compound, [Ni(C18H18N2O4)]·CHCl3, has been synthesized by the solid-state reaction of Ni(OAc)2·4H2O and the Schiff base ligand N,N′-ethylene-bis(3-methoxysalicylaldehyde) [abbreviated as H2(3-MeO-salen)]. The Ni atom adopts a slightly deformed square-planar coordination geometry in which the 3-MeO-salen ligand acts as a cis-N2O2 donor.
(2-Amidoethyl-κ2
C,O)trichloro(3-chloropropionamide-κO)stannane
Authors: Tiekink Edward R. T. , Wardell James L. , Wardell Solange M. S. V.
Published: May 2006

The Sn atom in the title compound, [Sn(C3H6NO)Cl3(C3H6ClNO)], exists within a fac-CCl3O2 donor set that defines an octahedral geometry and features a negatively charged chelating 2-amidoethyl ligand as well as a neutral 3-chloropropionamide ligand that coordinates exclusively via the carbonyl-O atom. Extensive N—H...O and N—H...Cl hydrogen bonding leads to a layer structure.
Azido{1-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyliminomethyl]naphthalenolato}copper(II)
Authors: Zhu Qi-Yong , Wei Yi-Jun , Wang Feng-Wu
Published: May 2006

In the title mononuclear copper(II) complex, [Cu(C15H17N2O)N3], the CuII ion is four-coordinate in a square-planar geometry defined by the imine and amine N atoms, the naphthalenolate O atom of the Schiff base and a terminal N atom of the azide anion.
Hexakis(N,N-dimethylformamide-κO)magnesium tetrachloromagnesate
Authors: Barker Bobby L. , Aubry David , Fronczek Frank R. , Watkins Steven F. , Stanley George G.
Published: May 2006

The crystallographically independent unit of the title compound, [Mg(C3H7NO)6][MgCl4], consists of two six-coordinate magnesium dications and two four-coordinate magnesium dianions. The two cations are quasi-octahedral and statistically equivalent [average Mg—O = 2.07 (3) Å] and the anions are quasi-tetrahedral and statistically equivalent [average Mg—Cl = 2.334 (11) Å].
Unexpected formation of a thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridinium methide: a novel subclass of mesoionic compounds
Authors: Rybakov Victor B. , Bush Alexander A. , Troyanov Sergei I. , Babaev Eugene V. , Kemnitz Erhard
Published: May 2006

While trying to prepare mesoionic thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridinium-2-thiolate by reaction of 2-bromo-1-(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)pyridinium bromide with CS2, an unexpected product was formed, namely (ethoxycarbonyl)[3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-1,3-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridin-4-ium-2-yl](2-thioxo-1,2-dihydropyridin-1-yl)methanide, C19H18N2O4S2. The structure of the product corresponds to a previously unknown subclass of mesoionic thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridinium-2-methylides.
5-(2-Cyanoethylsulfanyl)-4-methylsulfanyl-1,3-dithiole-2-thione
Authors: Madsen Anders , Nielsen Kent A. , Bond Andrew D. , Jeppesen Jan O.
Published: May 2006

The crystal structure of the title compound, C7H7NS5, at 180 K, reveals intermolecular N...σ*(S—C) and S...σ*(S—C) interactions.
L-Histidinium trichloroacetate
Authors: Gokul Raj S. , Kumar G. Ramesh , Mohan R. , Jayavel R. , Varghese Babu
Published: May 2006

The title compound, C6H10N3O2
+·C2Cl3O2
−, crystallizes with two histidinium cations and two trichloroacetate anions in the asymmetric unit. The cations and anions are linked through a number of intermolecular N—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network.
Hydrochlorothiazide N,N-dimethylformamide solvate
Authors: Johnston Andrea , Florence Alastair J. , Kennedy Alan R.
Published: May 2006

Hydrochlorothiazide forms a 1:1 solvate with N,N-dimethylformamide (systematic name: 6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide-1,1-dioxide dimethylformamide solvate), C7H8ClN3O4S2·C3H7NO. The compound crystallizes with two molecules of hydrochlorothiazide and two solvent molecules in the asymmetric unit and displays an extensive hydrogen-bonding network.
2,3-Di-p-toluoyl-(2R,3R)-tartaric acid ethyl acetate solvate
Authors: Tang Li-Da , Duan Gui-Yun , Zhang Da-Tong , Wang Jian-Wu
Published: May 2006

In the title compound, C20H18O8·C4H8O2, all bond lengths and angles in the di-p-toluoyltartaric acid molecule are normal. The structure is stabilized by O—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds in addition to van der Waals interactions.
Ethyl 1-[5-amino-1-tert-butyl-3-(methylsulfanyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonyl]-5-methyl-3-(methylsulfanyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate
Authors: Li Jun-Fei , Song Hai-Bin , Zhu You-Quan , Yang Hua-Zheng
Published: May 2006

The title molecule, C17H25N5O3S2, belongs to the family of bis-heterocycles. In the crystal structure, there are one intra- and two intermolecular hydrogen bonds. One of the two pyrazole rings and the six-membered ring formed by the intramolecular hydrogen bond are approximately coplanar.
Benzimidazolium 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate benzimidazole
Authors: Huang Xuan , Liu Jia-Geng , Xu Duan-Jun
Published: May 2006

The crystal structure of the title compound, C7H7N2
+·C7H5O4
−·C7H6N2, consists of discrete cations, anions and neutral molecules, with two of each species in the asymmetric unit. Through hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking the chemical components link to each other to form a sandwich-like supramolecular crystal structure.
(E)-3-Ferrocenyl-1-(4-tolylphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one
Authors: Teng Ming-Yu , Mao Xin-Biao , Song Qing-Bao , Tiekink Edward R. T.
Published: May 2006

In the title compound, [Fe(C5H5)(C21H17O)], significant conformational differences in the ferrocenyl-C(H)=C(H)C(=O)R groups distinguish the two independent molecules comprising the asymmetric unit. C—H...π interactions appear to influence the crystal packing.
N-(3-Benzyloxy-5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide
Authors: Ban Shu-Rong , Yang Xing , Chen Wen-Bin , Cheng Xiao-Feng , Song Hai-Bin
Published: May 2006

Molecules of the title compound, C18H16ClN3O3S, crystallize as centrosymmetric dimers, connected by intermolecular N—H...O hydrogen bonds. The dimers are interlinked via C—H...Cl hydrogen bonds.
4-Acetamidobenzenesulfonyl azide
Authors: Vicarel Monica L. , Norris Peter , Zeller Matthias
Published: May 2006

The title compound, C8H8N4O3S, is planar chiral in the solid state. It crystallizes with three independent molecules in the asymmetric unit, two of which have the same chirality and the third is the opposite enantiomer. Partial inversion twinning is present in the crystal which was examined. All three molecules are connected via hydrogen bonds between the amide groups, forming a helix around the b axis of the unit cell.
Poly[di-μ4-1,4-benzenedicarboxylato-μ6-succinato-dierbium(III)]
Authors: He Qin , Zi Jun-Feng , Zhang Fu-Juan
Published: May 2006

A three-dimensional coordination polymer, [Er2(C4H4O4)(C8H4O4)2]
n
, has been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. The coordination polyhedron around the Er atom is a distorted square antiprism; antiprisms are linked into a three-dimensional network by the 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate ligands and succinate anions. The succinate anion is located on a centre of inversion.
Redetermination of Co4Nb2O9 by single-crystal X-ray methods
Authors: Castellanos R. María A. , Bernès Sylvain , Vega-González Marina
Published: May 2006

A high-precision structure of tetracobalt diniobium nonaoxide, Co4Nb2O9, is presented, based on X-ray single-crystal data. The space group and cation distribution previously obtained from powder data [Bertaut, Corliss, Forrat, Aleonard & Pauthenet (1961). J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 21, 234–251] are confirmed.
4-Allyl-2-methoxy-5-nitrophenyl acetate
Authors: Carrasco-Altamirano Hector , Espinoza-Catalán Luis , Gallardo-Araya Claudio , Cardona-Villada Wilson , Ibañez Andres , Alvarez-Thon Luis
Published: May 2006

Molecules of the title compound, C12H13NO5, are linked into chains via weak C—H...π(allyl) interactions and these chains are linked into sheets via C—H...O contacts; the sheets, in turn, are interconnected via carbonyl–carbonyl and nitro–π stacking interactions to form a three-dimensional crystal structure.
Chlorobis(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2
N,N′)copper(II) dicyanamide
Authors: Potočňák Ivan , Burčák Milan , Dušek Michal , Fejfarová Karla
Published: May 2006

In the complex cation of the title compound, [CuCl(C12H8N2)2][N(CN)2], the Cu atom is five-coordinated, within a distorted trigonal bipyramid, by two 1,10-phenanthroline molecules and one Cl ligand. The Cl ligand is coordinated in the equatorial plane and lies, along with the Cu atom, on the twofold rotation axis. The axial Cu—N distances are substantially shorter than the equatorial Cu—N distances. A twofold rotation axis passes through the central N atom of the anion.
An orthorhombic modification of 4,4′-diaminobenzophenone
Authors: Wen Yi-Hang , He Yin-Hua , Feng Yun-Long , Ng Seik Weng
Published: May 2006

The molecule of the title compound, C13H12N2O, uses one of its amine groups to hydrogen bond to two other molecules, affording a layer motif in the crystal structure.
2-[(E)-2-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-1-methylquinolinium 4-chlorobenzenesulfonate
Authors: Chantrapromma Suchada , Jindawong Boonwasana , Fun Hoong-Kun , Patil P. S. , Karalai Chatchanok
Published: May 2006

The title compound, C19H18NO2
+·C6H4ClO3S−, exhibits non-linear optical properties. The cation is almost planar and the benzene ring of the anion makes dihedral angles of 48.97 (6) and 51.63 (7)° with the mean planes through the quinolinium system and the benzene ring of the cation, respectively. The anions are linked by C—H...O interactions, forming a chain along the a axis, while the cations are stacked along the a axis. The anionic chains and the cationic stacks are alternately arranged.
2-(Benzylsulfanyl)benzaldehyde azine
Authors: Hamaker Christopher G. , Oberts Benjamin P.
Published: May 2006

The molecule of the title compound, C28H24N2S2, has a crystallographically imposed center of symmetry at the mid-point of the N—N bond. It is not planar, due to the steric repulsion between S and H atoms.
Tetrabutylammonium bromotrichloroferrate(III)
Authors: Kruszynski Rafal , Wyrzykowski Dariusz
Published: May 2006

The Fe3+ centre in the complex anion of the title compound, [(C4H9)4N][FeBrCl3], is surrounded by three chloride anions and one bromide anion. The Br atom in [FeBrCl3]− is disordered, replacing Cl atoms. The Fe and N atoms lie on a twofold rotation axis.
9,9a-Diphenyl-1,3,4,6,7,9a-hexahydro-2H-pyrazino[1,2-a]pyrimidine at 130 K
Authors: White Jonathan , McFadyen W. David , Carland Michael , Denny William A. , Murray Vincent
Published: May 2006

The stereochemistry of the title compound, C19H21N3, has been confirmed by a single-crystal X-ray analysis. The bicyclic ring system adopts a cis-decalin-like conformation, which presumably minimizes steric repulsion involving the bridgehead phenyl substituent. The conformation of the amino group appears to be dictated by a nitrogen anomeric effect.
Bis[(18-crown-6)isothiocyanatolead(II)] tetrathiocyanatopalladate(II)
Authors: Kong Ling-Qian , Dou Jian-Min , Li Cheng-Juan , Li Da-Cheng , Wang Da-Qi
Published: May 2006

The title complex, bis[(1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane-κ6
O)(isothiocyanato-κN)lead(II)] tetrakis(thiocyanato-κS)palladate(II), [Pb(NCS)(C12H24O6)]2[Pd(NCS)4], has been synthesized by the reaction of PdCl2 and Pb(SCN)2 with 18-crown-6 in 1,2-dichloroethane. The complex is composed of two [Pb(18-crown-6)(NCS)]+ complex cations and one [Pd(SCN)4]2− complex anion. The Pd atom lies on a centre of symmetry. The cation and anion are associated through a weak interaction between the Pb atom of the cation and an N atom of the anion.
Dipropiodurene
Authors: Pinkus A. G. , Klausmeyer Kevin K. , Carson Cody E. , Custard Herman C.
Published: May 2006

The conformer present in the crystal structure of the title compound [systematic name: 1,1′-(2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-p-phenylene)dipropan-1-one], C16H22O2, lies on an inversion center and consequently has the two carbonyl groups in a trans orientation relative to the central ring. In the crystalline state, the planes of the carbonyl and attached methylene groups are at a dihedral angle of 86.50 (11)° relative to the central ring.
2,3-Dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-one
Authors: Qin Bing-Yi , Zhao Gui-Long
Published: May 2006

The title compound, C9H9NOS, crystallizes with two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. The bond lengths and angles in both molecules are within normal ranges. The crystal packing is stabilized by intermolecular N—H...O hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces.
N,N′-Bis(4-methylphenyl)-3-oxapentanediamide
Authors: Wen Yong-Hong , Wen Hui-Ling , Li Xue-Mei , Zhang Shu-Sheng
Published: May 2006

The title compound, C18H20N2O3, has twofold rotation symmetry. Molecules are linked into ribbons along the c axis by N—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds.
Ethyl 2-{1,3-bis[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]imidazolidin-2-ylidene}-2-cyanoacetate ethanol solvate
Authors: Tian Man-Man , Luo Zai-Gang , Shi De-Qing
Published: May 2006

In the title compound, C20H19Cl2N5O2·C2H5OH, all atoms of the ethanol solvent molecule are disordered over two positions. Intermolecular O—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds and O—H...π interactions contribute to the stability of the crystal structure.
11-(4-Fluorophenyl)-7,11-dihydrobenzo[f]furo[3,4-b]quinolin-10(8H)-one
Authors: Tu Shu-Jiang , Zhang Yan , Jia Run-Hong
Published: May 2006

The title compound, C21H14FNO2, was synthesized by the reaction of 4-fluorobenzaldehyde, 2-naphthylamine and tetronic acid in water under microwave irradiation. The dihydropyridine ring adopts a flattened boat conformation. N—H...O hydrogen bonds link symmetry-related molecules into a chain along the b axis.
9,10-Dehydrodeoxyartemisinin
Authors: Li Shu-Hui , Yue Zheng-Yu , Gao Po , Yan Peng-Fei
Published: May 2006

The title compound, C15H22O4, obtained from the dehydration of dihydroartemisinin, has retained the endoperoxide bridge of the parent compound along with the C=C bond. The six-membered rings exhibit chair, twist–boat and envelope conformations.
2-[3-(4-Methoxybenzoyl)thioureido]-3-methylbutyric acid
Authors: Ngah Nurziana , Darman Najiha , Yamin Bohari M. , Ng Seik Weng
Published: May 2006

Molecules of the title compound, C14H18N2O4S, are linked into a linear chain, which propagates along the a axis of the triclinic unit cell through intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the carboxyl group and the thioxo S atom.
Hexaaquamanganese(II) bis[2-(carboxylatomethylsulfanyl)pyridine N-oxide]
Authors: Jebas Samuel Robinson , Nayagam Balasingh Ravindran Durai , Balasubramanian Thailampillai
Published: May 2006

In the title compound, [Mn(H2O)6](C7H6NO3S)2, the pyridylsulfanyl N-oxide acetate anions have no direct coordination to the MnII atom. The MnII atom is octahedrally coordinated by six water molecules and is located on an inversion centre. The cations and anions are linked by O—H...O hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional network.
trans-Diacetonitriledibromopalladium(II)
Authors: Ademi Lumni , Constable Edwin C. , Housecroft Catherine E. , Neuburger Markus , Schaffner Silvia
Published: May 2006

In the title compound, [PdBr2(C2H3N)2], the square-planar PdII atom, on an inversion centre, has trans arrangements of the MeCN and of the bromo ligands. The molecules pack with weak C—H...Br interactions supporting a three-dimensional network.
Aquabis(2-formyl-6-methoxyphenolato)copper(II)
Authors: Lin Zhi-Dong , Zeng Wen
Published: May 2006

In the title mononuclear complex, [Cu(C8H7O3)2(H2O)], the CuII atom is five-coordinated by four O atoms from two 2-formyl-6-methoxyphenolate ligands and one O atom from a water molecule, to form a slightly distorted square-pyramidal coordination geometry. Centrosymmetric dimers are formed through intermolecular O—H...O hydrogen bonds, and these dimers are further linked by weak C—H...O hydrogen bonds to form a three-dimensional network.
Caesium zirconium uranium pentatelluride, CsZrUTe5
Authors: Kim Jong-Young , Gray Danielle L. , Ibers James A.
Published: May 2006

CsZrUTe5 is isostructural with CsTiUTe5. In the asymmetric unit, the site symmetries of the Cs, U, Zr, Te1, Te2 and Te3 atoms are mm2, mm2, .2/m., m.., .2. and mm2, respectively. CsZrUTe5 has a layered structure that contains UTe8 bicapped trigonal prisms sharing a common edge with ZrTe6 octahedra. Cs cations separate the layers. The structure contains an infinite linear Te–Te chain, with Te atoms separated by 3.1551 (4) Å.
Tetrakis(μ-4-tolylsulfanylacetato-κ2
O:O′)bis[(N,N′-dimethylformamide-κO)copper(II)]
Authors: Su Hong , Huang Ya-Shuang , Wen Yi-Hang , Feng Yun-Long
Published: May 2006

Molecules of the title dinuclear complex, [Cu2(C9H9O2S)4(C3H7NO)2], lie on centers of inversion located midway between the Cu atoms. Four carboxylate anions function as bridges to the two Cu atoms and each Cu atom is coordinated by an N,N′-dimethylformamide molecule.
(E,E)-N,N′-Bis(1-phenylethylidene)ethylenediamine
Authors: Benson Ronald E. , Roy Tapashi G. , Dey Benu K. , Barua Kanak K. , Tiekink Edward R. T.
Published: May 2006

The essentially planar title compound, C18H20N2, is disposed about a center of inversion located at the mid-point of the ethylene bond and features an E configuration about each C=N bond.
(Morpholine-1-dithiocarboxylato-κ2
S,S′)bis(piperidine-1-dithiocarboxylato-κ2
S,S′)bismuth(III)
Authors: Li Feng , Yin Han-Dong , Zhai Jun , Wang Da-Qi
Published: May 2006

In the title compound, [Bi(C5H8NOS2)(C6H10NS2)2], the BiIII atom adopts a distorted pentagonal–pyramidal coordination, due to its stereochemically active lone pair of electrons. A long Bi...S contact of 3.2727 (19) Å leads to dimeric associations of molecules in the crystal structure.
Di-μ-pyridyl-1:2κ2
N:C
2;2:1κ2
N:C
2-μ-tetrahydrofuran-κ2
O:O-bis[bromo(tetrahydrofuran)magnesium(II)] tetrahydrofuran hemisolvate
Authors: Churakov Andrei V. , Krut'ko Dmitry P. , Borzov Maxim V. , Kirsanov Roman S. , Belov Sergei A. , Howard Judith A. K.
Published: May 2006

The title compound, [Mg2Br2(C5H4N)2(C4H8O)3]·0.5C4H8O, contains dimeric associations of Mg atoms bridged by tetrahydrofuran (THF) molecules. The coordination polyhedron of the Mg atom is a slightly distorted MgCNO2Br trigonal bipyramid with two THF molecules in the axial positions. One O atom occupies a site with symmetry 2.
1-Ethyl-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methoxy-2-methylindan-5-ol
Authors: Alvarez-Thon Luis , Carrasco-Altamirano Hector , Espinoza-Catalán Luis , Gallardo-Araya Claudio , Cardona-Villada Wilson , Ibañez Andres
Published: May 2006

Molecules in the title crystal structure, C20H24O4, are linked into chains of R
4
4(8) rings along [010] and these chains are linked into sheets via weak C—H...π(arene) interactions. These sheets are, in turn, linked via weak C—H...π(arene) and C—H...O interactions into a three-dimensional network. The ethyl substituent is disordered over two sites with refined occupancies of 0.700 (5) and 0.300 (5).
4-Methoxy-7-phenyl-6,7-dihydrofuro[3,2-g]chromen-5-one
Authors: Chantrapromma Suchada , Fun Hoong-Kun , Koysomboon Sorwaporn , Chantrapromma Kan
Published: May 2006

The title compound, C18H12O4, known as pinnatin, is a furanoflavone isolated from Derris indica (Lam.). The furanoflavone nucleus is almost planar. The phenyl ring is axially attached to the furanoflavone skeleton. The methoxy group deviates slightly from the plane of the molecule. The molecules are linked in a zigzag manner through C—H...O interactions into molecular ribbons along the b axis. Further stabilization is provided by weak C—H...π and π–π interactions.
4-Difluoromethyl-1-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole
Authors: Costa Marilia S. , Boechat Nubia , Ferreira Vitor F. , Wardell Solange M. S. V. , Skakle Janet M. S.
Published: May 2006

In the title compound, C11H11F2N3O2, the aryl and triazole rings are both planar, but at an angle of 45.27 (4)° to each other.
3-Ethylpentan-3-ol
Authors: Bond Andrew D.
Published: May 2006

The crystal structure of the title compound, C7H16O, has been determined at 150 (2) K following in situ crystal growth from the liquid. The structure contains four independent molecules in the asymmetric unit, forming a fourfold cyclic arrangement via O—H...O hydrogen bonds.
Bis(propane-1,2-diammonium) hexaiodoplumbate(II) trihydrate
Authors: Billing David G. , Lemmerer Andreas
Published: May 2006

The title compound, [NH3CH2CH(NH3)CH3]2[PbI6]·3H2O, crystallizes as an organic–inorganic hybrid, consisting of alternating inorganic and organic layers. The ionic layer consists of isolated [PbI6]4− octahedra. The hydrocarbon layer has one propane-1,2-diammonium cation in the asymmetric unit which links to the ionic layer via hydrogen bonding. Two solvent water molecules lie between the anions and cations. The Pb atom lies on a centre of inversion.
(2R,3S)-Diethyl 2,3-dibenzoylsuccinate
Authors: Hu Sheng-Li , Liu Xian-Mei , Guo Hui-Zhen , Wu An-Xin
Published: May 2006

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C22H22O6, the asymmetric unit consists of one half-molecule with the other half generated by a centre of inversion. The crystal packing is stabilized by C—H...O intermolecular interactions.
Butane-1,4-diammonium diiodide
Authors: Lemmerer Andreas , Billing David G.
Published: May 2006

The crystal structure of the title compound, C4H14N2
2+·2I−, exhibits ionic layers separated by hydrocarbon layers. The hydrocarbon layers stack in a herring-bone fashion and hydrogen bond to the iodide ions. The cation sits on a centre of inversion. The structure is compared with that of the related material butane-1,4-diammonium dichloride.
1,5-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one
Authors: Butcher Ray J. , Yathirajan H. S. , Sarojini B. K. , Narayana B. , Vijaya Raj K. K.
Published: May 2006

The title compound, C17H12Cl2O, shows significant non-linear optical activity. A twofold rotation axis passes through the carbonyl group.
Bis{1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyliminomethyl]naphtholato}nickel(II) bis(perchlorate)
Authors: You Zhong-Lu
Published: May 2006

In the molecular structure of the title complex, [Ni(C16H20N2O)2](ClO4)2, the NiII atom lies on a crystallographic centre of symmetry and is four-coordinated by two phenolate O and two imine N atoms, forming a slightly distorted square-planar coordination. In the crystal structure, cations and anions are linked through intermolecular N—H...O hydrogen bonds forming chains in the [101] direction.
Bis[4-(dimethylamino)pyridinium] bis(1,2-dicyanoethene-1,2-dithiolato-κ2
S,S′)cuprate(II)
Authors: Zhou H. , Ren X.-M.
Published: May 2006

In the title salt (C7H11N2)2[Cu(C4N2S2)2], the Cu2+ ion is coordinated by four S atoms of two 1,2-dicyanoethene-1,2-dithiolate (or maleonitriledithiolate, mnt2−) ligands in an approximate square-planar geometry. The Cu atom is located on an inversion centre. Strong hydrogen-bonding interactions between the pyridinium proton and the CN groups of the mnt2− ligand link anions and cations into a one-dimensional chain structure.
4,5-Bis(carboxymethylsulfanyl)-1,3-dithiole-2-thione monohydrate
Authors: Hu Pu-Zhou , Wang Jian-Ge , Wang Lu , Chen Jun-Qing , Zhao Bang-Tun
Published: May 2006

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C7H6O4S5·H2O, a chain forms along the b axis via weak S...S interactions. The structure is further stabilized by an extensive network of O—H...O hydrogen bonds in the ac plane, giving an interleaved supramolecular architecture.
Dimethyl 3,6-dioxatetracyclo[6.1.0.02,4.05,7]nonane-2,9-dicarboxylate
Authors: Hökelek Tuncer , Çelik Murat , Gültekin M. Serdar , Balcı Metin
Published: May 2006

The title compound, C11H12O6, has a norcarane structure, which is obtained by the photooxygenation reaction of a cycloheptatriene derivative. The cyclohexane ring is planar. The intermolecular C—H...O hydrogen bonds are effective in stabilizing the crystal structure, in which they form parallel infinite chains along the b axis.
Tetraphenylphosphonium acetonitriletribromoferrate(II)
Authors: Benito-Garagorri David , Kirchner Karl , Mereiter Kurt
Published: May 2006

The title compound, [P(C6H5)4][FeBr3(CH3CN)], contains an anionic tetrahedral iron complex arranged in layers between [P(C6H5)4]+ cations. The Fe, one Br, one N and two C atoms have site symmetry m, and the P atom has site symmetry 2.
Aquabis(2-nitrobenzoato-κO)bis(pyridine-κN)copper(II)
Authors: Chi Wei-Ping , Zhang Meng , Wang Hong
Published: May 2006

In the title complex, [Cu(C7H4NO4)2(C5H5N)2(H2O)], the CuII atom has a slightly distorted square-pyramidal coordination environment, bonded to two carboxylate O atoms of two 2-nitrobenzoate ligands, two pyridine N atoms and one water O atom. O—H...O hydrogen-bonding interactions result in a chain structure.
Bis{4-[2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyleneamino]phenyl} ether
Authors: Pınar Şerife , Akkurt Mehmet , Jarrahpour Ali Asghar , Rezaei Shadab , Büyükgüngör Orhan
Published: May 2006

In the title compound, C28H24N2O3, the two molecules in the asymmetric unit have different conformations about the ether bonds. The bond lengths and angles of the two molecules are nearly identical. The crystal structure is stabilized by intramolecular O—H...N and intermolecular C—H...O hydrogen bonding.
3-(2-Pyridylamino)isobenzofuran-1(3H)-one
Authors: Odabaşoğlu Mustafa , Büyükgüngör Orhan
Published: May 2006

The crystal structure of the title compound, C13H10O2N2, is stabilized by N—H...N intermolecular hydrogen bonds which generate C(4) chains. The phthalide system is planar and the dihedral angle between this plane and that of the pyridine ring is 73.55 (13)°.
Morpholinium hydrogensulfate
Authors: Yin Cai-Xia , Huo Fang-Jun , Yang Pin
Published: May 2006

The title compound, C4H10NO+·HSO4
−, contains a morpholinium cation and a hydrogensulfate anion, both placed on a mirror plane and with the anion disordered over two positions. Strong N—H...O hydrogen bonds play a dominant role in the crystal packing.
Dimethylbis(4-methylpiperidine-1-dithiocarboxylato-κ2
S,S′)tin(IV)
Authors: Shahzadi Saira , Ali Saqib , Fettouhi Mohammed
Published: May 2006

The title compound, [Sn(CH3)2(C7H12NS2)2], comprises SnIV coordinated by two 4-methylpiperidinedithiocarboxylate ligands and two methyl groups. The coordination geometry around Sn is distorted octahedral, with the methyl groups adopting an arrangement intermediate between a cis and trans configuration. There are two independent complexes in the asymmetric unit, with closely comparable geometries.
μ-Oxalato-bis[(2,2′-bipyridine)(N,N-dimethylformamide)copper(II)] bis(perchlorate)
Authors: Zhang Gui-Ling , Li Yan-Tuan , Wu Zhi-Yong
Published: May 2006

In the title compound, [Cu2(C2O4)(C10H8N2)2(C3H7NO)2](ClO4)2, the oxalate-bridged binuclear copper(II) complex cation is centrosymmetric. The CuII atom has a distorted square-pyramidal geometry with two O and two N atoms from oxalate and bipyridine ligands in the basal plane, and with a dimethylformamide O atom in the apical position. The Cu...Cu distance is 5.1492 (18) Å.
Structure Sequence in the CaTiO3–LaAlO3 Microwave Ceramics—Revised
Authors: Khalyavin Dmitry D. , Salak Andrei N. , Senos Ana M. R. , Mantas Pedro Q. , Ferreira Victor M.
Published: May 2006

The composition‐induced crystal structure transformations in the (1−x)CaTiO3–xLaAlO3 microwave ceramics were studied by X‐ray powder diffraction. Increasing LaAlO3 content results in two‐phase transitions: Pnma→Imma (0.4<x<0.5) and Imma→R3c (0.5<x<0.6), which are related to changes of the octahedral tilting: a−b+a−→a−b0a− and a−b0a−→a−a−a−, respectively. The compositional variation of the parameters of the primitive perovskite unit cell is consistent with a continuous character of the Pnma→Imma phase transition. In the case of the Imma→R3c crossover, a discontinuity in the variation is observed.
Expression profiling and prediction of distant metastases in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Braakhuis B J M , Senft A , de Bree R , de Vries J , Ylstra B , Cloos J , Kuik D J , Leemans C R , Brakenhoff R H
Published: May 2006

Background:For breast and prostate cancer, a gene expression signature of the tumour is associated with the development of distant metastases. Regarding head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the only known risk factor is the presence of ⩾3 tumour-positive lymph nodes.

Aim:To evaluate whether a HNSCC gene expression signature can discriminate between the patients with and without distant metastases.

Methods:Patients with HNSCC with and without distant metastases had >3 tumour-positive lymph nodes, and did not differ with respect to other risk factors. Statistical analysis was carried out using Student’s t test, as well as statistical analysis of microarrays (SAM), to assess the false discovery rate for each gene. These analyses were supplemented with a newly developed method that computed deviations from gaussian-order statistics (DEGOS). To validate the platform, normal mucosa of the head and neck was included as control.

Results:2963 genes were differently expressed between HNSCC and normal mucosa (t test; p<0.01). More rigorous statistical analysis with SAM confirmed the differential expression of most genes. The comparison of genes in HNSCC with and without metastases showed 150 differently expressed genes (t test; p<0.01), none of which, however, could be confirmed using SAM or DEGOS.

Conclusions:No evidence for a metastasis signature is found, and gene expression profiling of HNSCC has seemingly no value in determining the risk of developing distant metastases. The absence of such a signature can be understood when it is realised that, for HNSCC in contrast with breast cancer, the lymph nodes are a necessary in-between station for haematogenous spread.
Right and left ventricular function after chronic pulmonary artery banding in rats assessed with biventricular pressure-volume loops
Authors: Faber Matthijs J. , Dalinghaus Michiel , Lankhuizen Inge M. , Steendijk Paul , Hop Wim C. , Schoemaker Regien G. , Duncker Dirk J. , Lamers Jos M. J. , Helbing Willem A.
Published: May 2006

In many patients with congenital heart disease, the right ventricle (RV) is subjected to abnormal loading conditions. To better understand the state of compensated RV hypertrophy, which could eventually progress to decompensation, we studied the effects of RV pressure overload in rats. In the present study, we report the biventricular adaptation to 6 wk of pulmonary artery banding (PAB). PAB resulted in an RV pressure overload to ∼60% of systemic level and a twofold increase in RV mass ( P < 0.01). Systemic hemodynamic parameters were not altered, and overt signs of heart failure were absent. Load-independent measures of ventricular function (end-systolic pressure-volume relation, preload recruitable stroke work relation, maximum first time derivative of pressure divided by end-diastolic volume), assessed by means of pressure-volume (PV) loops, demonstrated a two- to threefold increase in RV contractility under baseline conditions in PAB rats. RV contractility increased in response to dobutamine stimulation (2.5 μg·kg−1·min−1) both in PAB and sham-operated rats in a similar fashion, indicating preserved RV contractile reserve in PAB rats. Left ventricular (LV) contractility at baseline was unaffected in PAB rats, although LV volume in PAB rats was slightly decreased. LV contractility increased in response to dobutamine (2.5 μg·kg−1·min−1), both in PAB and sham rats, whereas the response to a higher dose of dobutamine (5 μg·kg−1·min−1) was blunted in PAB rats. RV pressure overload (6 wk) in rats resulted in a state of compensated RV hypertrophy with preserved RV contractile reserve, whereas LV contractile state at baseline was not affected. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the feasibility of performing biventricular PV-loop measurements in rats.
Dogmas of Administrative Reform: As Exemplified in the Recent Reorganization in Ohio
Authors: Coker F. W.
Published: May 2006

An extensive reorganization of administrative offices in Ohio was accomplished by a law enacted in April, 1921, and in effect July 1st, 1921. That reorganization is taken as the central point of this discussion, not because persons outside of Ohio are interested in details of Ohio government, but because the Ohio reorganization is one of the latest of such schemes to be put into effect and because it has been considered to exemplify relatively well the principles which our leading administrative reformers wish to see applied in our state executive departments. There is nothing of more practical importance in this connection than to examine carefully the principles upon which these reorganizations are supposed to be based. The editor of the National Municipal Review pronounces the Ohio reorganization to be “a big advance in popular government;” and Dr. W. F. Dodd, one of our leading experts in state government, says that the Ohio reorganization “is perhaps the most effective yet planned in this country, except for the fact of the constitutional limitation of the governor's term” to two years. This paper will sketch, as briefly as possible, and at certain points roughly judge, the changes made by the Ohio reorganization act of 1921, and then try briefly to indicate my general attitude towards the objects and policies of such a reorganization.
The Direct Primary in New York State
Authors: Feldman H.
Published: May 2006

Governor Hughes first made the direct primary a state-wide issue in New York. It was in no gentle terms that his speeches and annual messages arraigned the nominating system then in vogue. His message to the legislature in 1909 gave wide publicity to the flagrant evils of the primaries and added a constructive plan of reform. Apart from his suggestions for important changes in the methods of administering the primaries, his plan included a system of direct nominations which combined responsibility in the party machine and initiative in the party membership. Designations were to be made by elected party representatives meeting as a party committee for this purpose; but if their designations proved unsatisfactory to the members of the party, ample opportunity was to be afforded the latter for nominating contesting designations by petition. The final choice of the party nominee was to be decided by a direct vote of the members of the party.
Advisory Committees in British Administration
Authors: Fairlie John A.
Published: May 2006

A comparatively recent development in British public administration has been the creation of advisory committees or consultative councils in connection with a number of government offices. It is probable that government officials have at times in the past held consultations with small groups of citizens without any formal organization or requirement. Temporary commissions and committees have also been set up from time to time including members of Parliament and private citizens. But the new tendency establishes such committees as a regular part of the machinery of public administration, and in some cases involves the official recognition and coöperation of professional and other voluntary organizations.

The Board of Education Act, 1899, authorized a consultative committee to represent universities and other bodies interested in education. This was first established by order in council of August 7, 1900, and somewhat modified in 1907. During the World War sittings of this committee were suspended. But a new committee was appointed by order in council on July 22, 1920, to consist of twenty-one members, the term of seven to expire every two years. Four of the members appointed were women.

The Trade Boards Act, 1909, provided for district trade committees, to be organized, at first under regulations issued by the Board of Trade, and later (1916) by the Minister of Labour.

The National Insurance Act, 1911, provided for insurance committees in every county and county borough; and the Pilotage Act, 1913, authorized the Board of Trade to appoint an advisory committee of pilots, shipowners, representatives of pilotage and dock and harbor authorities, and others interested or having special knowledge.
The Causes of the Great War
Authors: Turner Edward Raymond
Published: May 2006

In 1806 Prussia engaged in war with Napoleon. The swiftest of his triumphs followed. In two months the Prussians had surrendered their fortresses, and seen annihilated the greatness which Europe had failed to crush in the time of Frederick the Great. A period of humiliation followed, and for some years the people lived under the conqueror's yoke.

Deliverance came when Napoleon, stretching too far his power, and arousing the spirit of peoples, was defeated by Europe in arms. The liberation which alone Prussia could not have accomplished, was yet wrought partly by herself, for deliverance was preceded by regeneration in which her military system was fundamentally reformed. But it may be that what remained after all as the principal heritage from these years was the abiding sense that Prussia had suffered from being weak, and that only through military strength could there be safety in the future.

The expansion and greatness of Prussia left unfulfilled the old idea of a united Germany. Through the middle ages and down to this time Germany had remained disunited, and weak and despised because of it. The smallest states had now disappeared, but still there were larger ones, grouped under Austria in vague and shadowy empire. And the history of Germany in the half century which followed the downfall of Napoleon is a record of yearning and striving on the part of people filled with distant memories, and noble aspiration after that strength and union which had come to their neighbors and yet been denied to themselves.
Benjamin Franklin's Plans for a Colonial Union, 1750–1775
Authors: Mathews L. K.
Published: May 2006

It is a long time since any serious student of history has proceeded on the assumption that whenever our forefathers wanted to shape or re-shape their governments, local or national, they sat down and drawing forward a sheet of paper said, “Lo, now we will make ourselves a constitution.” Our whole conception of history is nowadays shot through with theories of evolution, of the adoption and incorporation of the old into the new. Yet the process by which the institutions of the past have been wrought into those of the present is often neglected; a general statement, an indistinct impression is frequently allowed to stand unverified for lack of consultation of easily available records. For instance, no student of our constitutional history today lets Gladstone's remark as to the genesis of our federal Constitution go unchallenged; it is accepted as a fact that that instrument is at once a summary and the culmination of colonial and confederate legislative experience. Moreover, the part that the ineffective Articles of Confederation played in the formation of our federal Constitution, negative as it was, has been clearly and incontrovertibly set forth.
The German Party System
Authors: Pollock James K.
Published: May 2006

It has now been ten years since the German people elected the National Assembly which gave them the Weimar constitution. A decade of self-government under this liberal and democratic charter has rather definitely established the lines of party cleavage and the general features of the party system, and the time seems ripe for a survey of the system with a view to elucidating its principal characteristics. The present article is concerned only incidentally with party history before the revolution of 1918, and also not primarily with the party programs of today. It has to do, rather, with what Lord Bryce once referred to as “the pathology of party government,” and also with what political scientists have now come to recognize as the heart—one might say the thermostat—of popular government, namely, party organization and machinery. Parteiwesen is the German word, and it refers to the practical operation of the party system.

Why should Germany be the subject of such a study? There are several very good reasons. Since the overthrow of the imperial régime, Germany has been operating under a very progressive constitution. In many respects it is the most advanced constitution in the world. Political parties are required to operate such a system based on popular rule, and the party system developed in the Reich is so unique and interesting, so illustrative of many problems which are now troubling political thinkers the world over, that it warrants close study. Then again, by throwing light on the motive power and the nerves of the government, we will be better able to understand how the government itself operates. In brief, we find in Germany a new government operated by means of a new party system. The experience of an intelligent and powerful people with such a system should be useful to everyone interested in the problem of popular government.
The Japanese Emperor
Authors: Colegrove Kenneth
Published: May 2006

Ever since 1889, when the Emperor Meiji granted his people a constitution, Japan may be called a constitutional monarchy. But these simple words do not tell the whole story. The designation used by the Almanach de Gotha in referring to Czarist Russia—a “constitutional autocracy”—may be as appropriately applied to modern Japan. Japan has a constitution and a monarch, but in the eyes of both the people and the statesmen of the Restoration Period, the monarch comes before the constitution.
Fact and Fiction in Government
Authors: Loeb Isidor
Published: May 2006

Three decades have elapsed since the first president of the American Political Science Association at its inaugural meeting described the objects and purposes that it should pursue. Some of his successors have discussed various details of this program and others have reviewed the results achieved. Due recognition has been accorded to the significance of historical backgrounds, legal systems, and political theory. In addition, emphasis has been placed upon the importance of an understanding of the government as it actually functions. Hence, much of the work of this Association and its members has been devoted to the investigation and exposition of those customs, procedures, and institutions which, with or without any recognition by constitution or statute, exercise a profound influence over governmental organization and function.

It is natural that during this period significant changes should have appeared in the scope of Political Science and in the character of the techniques employed, with resulting differences in data and conclusions.
First Session of the Seventy-first Congress
Authors: Macmahon Arthur W.
Published: May 2006

(April 15,1929, to November 22, 1929). Almost the last word said in the Senate before the adjournment of the special session was a remonstrance from the chair. “No one in the gallery has a right to laugh,” said the Vice-President, “and the occupants of the galleries will be in order. That includes the press gallery.” It has been easy to laugh. Seldom, however, has a single session of Congress held greater interest for the observer of social forces. Seldom has the salutary rôle of the Senate in our present political complex been more convincingly demonstrated.

Membership. The general election of 1928 seated 268 Republicans, 166 Democrats, and one Farmer Labor member. Three of the four vacancies that developed before the new Congress convened were on the Democratic side. At the opening of the special session, the Republican majority was 103, compared with majorities of 39, 60, 15, 167, and 39 in the Congresses elected in 1926, 1924, 1922, 1920, and 1918, respectively. Even in the more nearly poised, less regimented Senate, the weight of the majority seemed to afford a considerable margin of safety, with 55 Republicans (not including a junior senator from Pennsylvania) listed in opposition to 39 Democrats and one Farmer Labor member.

Organization. No innovations in procedure or outcome marked the institution of the party instrumentalities summarized in an attached table. The four preparatory caucuses were held between the first and the fifth of March. The House Republicans continued their organization without material change.