bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Patients with Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy
Authors: Schulz Christian , Schütte Kerstin , Reisener Nino , Voss Julia , Malfertheiner Peter
Published: May 2016

Background: Ammonia is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE). Most of the ammonia is from bacterial production in the intestinal tract. Non-absorbable antibiotics and non-absorbable disaccharides are therefore the therapy of choice. A few studies have addressed the effect of ammonia produced by H. pylori in the pathogenesis of MHE.

Methods: In this prospective clinical trial, 84 consecutive patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) underwent laboratory, psychometric und neurophysiological testing to determine serological H. pylori status, MHE and blood ammonia levels. Relevant clinical and demographic characteristics were documented.

Results: Out of 84 LC patients (83% male), 29% presented with MHE as assessed by critical flicker frequency analysis (CFF). The prevalence of H. pylori infection in the cohort was 21%; 22% of H. pylori-infected patients presented with MHE according to the criterion of a positive CFF result. If the criterion for MHE was a positive CFF and a positive NCT-A result, then 17% of H. pylori positive patients suffered from MHE. The prevalence of MHE in H. pylori-negative patients, based on CFF alone and on the combination, was 30%. A proportion of 19% of the patients with MHE had increased blood ammonia levels.

Conclusion: The amount of ammonia produced by H. pylori does not affect venous ammonia levels. Therefore, an additional benefit of H. pylori eradication in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with LC is unlikely to occur.

Key words:  –  –  –  –  – .

Abbreviations: CFF: critical flicker frequency analysis; GCP: good clinical practice; GI : gastrointestinal; HE: hepatic encephalopathy; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; LC: liver cirrhosis; MHE: minimal hepatic encephalopathy; NASH: non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; NCT-A: number connection test-A; NCT-B: number connection test-B; PHES: Psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score.
High Risk of Infection During Triple Therapy with First- Generation Protease Inhibitors: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Berden Floor A.C. , Van Zwietering Inke M.J.M. , Maan Raoel , De Knegt Robert J. , Kievit Wietske , Drenth Joost P.H.
Published: May 2016

Background & Aims: Peginterferon (PegIFN) remains the backbone of therapy for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in economically constrained regions. However, PegIFN may cause neutropenia and addition of a protease inhibitor can increase the likelihood of neutropenia. The aims of this study were to assess the occurrence of clinically relevant infections during first-generation protease inhibitor based therapy and its risk factors as well as the relation to treatment-induced neutropenia.

Methods: This multicenter (n=45) retrospective cohort study included CHC patients treated in the Netherlands. Based on absolute neutrophil count, categories of neutropenia were defined as: severe (<500/μL), moderate (500-750/μL) and mild (750-1500/μL). Likewise, infections were classified as severe (intravenous antibiotics/ hospitalization) and moderate (anti-infective treatment). We assessed risk factors for infections using multivariable regression analysis adjusting for multiple measurements.

Results: We included 467 CHC patients, 319 (68%) were male and 111 (24%) had cirrhosis. A total of 185 clinically relevant infections (34 severe) occurred in 145 patients (31%). During treatment 310 patients experienced neutropenia (severe, n=34). Multivariable analysis identified female sex (OR 1.7, 95%CI 1.2- 2.5), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (OR 2.7, 95%CI 1.6- 4.5) and diabetes mellitus (OR 1.7, 95%CI 1.0-3.0) as risk factors for infections. Neutropenia at the previous visit was not associated with infection (univariable analysis: OR 0.9, 95%CI 0.6-1.3).

Conclusion: This study shows that therapy with first generation protease inhibitors was complicated by an infection in 31% of patients. Not neutropenia, but female sex, COPD and diabetes mellitus were independent risk factors for infection. These patients should be monitored carefully once a PegIFN regimen is initiated.

Abbreviations: ANC: absolute neutrophil count; CHC: chronic hepatitis C; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DAAs: direct acting antivirals; DM: diabetes mellitus; HCV: hepatitis C virus; PegIFN: pegylated interferon alpha; PI: protease inhibitor; UTI: urinary tract infection.
De bolsones alimentarios, comedores comunitarios y tarjetas para la compra de comida. Dilucidando los caminos de las políticas de asistencia alimentaria en la Argentina.
Authors: Ierullo Martin
Published: May 2016

El presente trabajo analiza las políticas de asistencia alimentaria desarrolladas en la Argentina en el período 1984-2010 en el marco de la agudización de los procesos de pauperización. A través de dicho análisis se apunta a reconocer regularidades en laimplementación de distintas medidas asistenciales y las transformaciones que las mismas han sufrido durante el período de estudio.
Las formas de reclutamiento del personal político, una vía de entrada al estudio del régimen político provincial. Santiago del Estero (1999-2009)
Authors: Ortiz de Rosas Victoria
Published: May 2016

En este artículo se consideran los mecanismos de formación de dirigencia política en la provincia argentina de Santiago del Estero, como vías de entrada al estudio del régimen político provincial en el período 1999-2009. A través de un análisis que articula datos cuantitativos y cualitativos sobre las trayectorias de los diputados provinciales, se muestra que uno los principales requisitos para acceder a una banca es el capital político de la representatividad, propio de un régimen democrático, tratándose así de un régimen político provincial “abierto”. Sin embargo, la confianza y el establecimiento de vínculos personales con quienes ya forman parte del poder político, es un requisito decisivo, lo cual permite comprender la perpetuación de las fuerzas políticas oficialistas en el poder.
La inserción internacional de las empresas PyMEs y los consorcios de exportación en la Argentina. Fortalezas y asignaturas pendientes
Authors: Bekerman Marta , Wiñazky Marcelo , Moncaut Nicolas
Published: May 2016

La internacionalización de las pequeñas y medianas empresas es un aspecto muy importante del desafío que enfrentan las economías de América Latina para incrementar la competitividad y la inclusión social. En este trabajo se analizan los consorcios de exportación, en la Argentina, experiencia que puede ser de utilidad para otros países de Latinoamérica. Las conclusiones plantean que los consorcios de exportación pueden ser una herramienta útil para aquellas empresas PyMEs que quieren iniciar o expandir sus exportaciones. Empero su impacto a nivel global es todavía limitado, debido a la existencia de una serie de obstáculos, por lo que se propone un conjunto de políticas públicas destinadas a promover su nacimiento y consolidación
Biopolíticas y políticas públicas en sectores poblacionales vulnerables(
Authors: Contino Alejandro Martín
Published: May 2016

Se analiza desde el posicionamiento Psicología en Educación, en base al método arqueológico-genealógico, la vinculación existente entre la gubernamentalidad actual, las biopolíticas, y las políticas públicas destinadas a los sectores poblacionales considerados vulnerables por la OMS (niñez, adicciones, sufrimiento mental y discapacidad). Se observan dos clases de biopolíticas: del encierro y de la inclusión. Estas se visibilizan en las políticas públicas a partir de la década de 1980, materializadas en procesos de individuación, concordante con la racionalidad económico-política de la gubernamentalidad actual. La individuación y las políticas del individuo que de ella se desprenden, (que intervienen sobre individuos identificados por nombre y apellido), surgen para solucionar determinadas injusticias sociales, pero demuestran solamente reducir su incidencia y regular su manifestación.
Educación y Trabajo. Una mirada a los jóvenes pobres de Brasil y Argentina
Authors: Girolami Mónica
Published: May 2016

El propósito central de la investigación fue analizar las conexiones existentes entre la educación y el proceso de la transición al mercado de trabajo de los jóvenes pobres. Se ha utilizado metodología comparada, cualitativa y datos estadísticos provenientes de la PNAD-IBGE (Brasil) y EPHINDEC (Argentina). Se comparan las trayectorias educativo-laborales de los jóvenes que viven en favelas en Rio de Janeiro y villas miserias en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. La selección de la trayectoria a recorrer por parte de estos jóvenes tendrá mayores o menores posibilidades de ser llevada a cabo en función de las restricciones que les impone el contexto objetivo en el cual viven. Entre ellos encontramos condicionantes económico –sociales, de hábitat, de circuito educativo caracterizados por la segmentación y baja calidad de los mismos, de género, de falta de capital social y discriminación.Todos estos condicionantes son desigualdades que interactúan y se refuerzan al acoplarse entre unas y otras, y se pueden interpretar como acoplamientos de dos tipos de exclusiones: la socioeconómica y la sociocultural. Cuando este acoplamiento ocurre, la exclusión tiende a reforzarse adquiriendo formas más extremas y persistentes. En los jóvenes pobres la amplia gama de situaciones de vulnerabilidad  que presentan ponen de manifiesto la heterogeneidad de la pobreza, y la ampliación y complejización de las desigualdades en el acceso a recursos y oportunidades. Los elementos estructurales conforman la matriz de relaciones objetivas por la cual los individuos transitan, pero no explican en su totalidad las particularidades de las trayectorias. En las trayectorias educativas-laborales de los jóvenes pobres se han identificado cinco perfiles educativo- laborales: a) trayectorias de exclusión, b) trayectorias de riesgo, c) trayectorias de vulnerabilidad, d) trayectoria acumulativa, e) perfil de acumulación sucesiva. Los resultados muestran que el origen socioeconómico, el nivel educativo de lafamilia y la calidad del circuito educativo al que concurrieron parece ser los determinantes del destino laboral de los jóvenes pobres. A pesar de estastendencias reproductoras, la investigación también muestra que algunos jóvenes con motivación y estrategias proactivas, logran entrar en trayectorias deacumulación. La educación profesional representa una alternativa importante, sobre todo para aquellos que no pueden acceder o permanecer en la universidad y/o se inclinan por carreras técnicas. Necesaria, es la existencia de mecanismos institucionales que pueden apoyar la transición al trabajo, con el fin de generar mayores oportunidades para los jóvenes en situación de pobreza.
Acesso e integralidade da Atenção
Authors: ITURRI José Antonio
Published: May 2016

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Insegurança alimentar e nutricional e fatores associados em famílias do Núcleo Rural Agrícola Lamarão, no Distrito Federal
Authors: BASTOS Carla Madeira Marquito , PINHEIRO Anelise Rizzolo de Oliveira , GUBERT Muriel Bauermann
Published: May 2016

Segurança alimentar e nutricional (SAN) é o direito ao acesso regular e permanente a alimentos de qualidade e em quantidade suficiente, não comprometendo outras necessidades essenciais. Este estudo analisou a prevalência de insegurança alimentar e nutricional (ISAN) e seus fatores associados em famílias residentes em um núcleo rural agrícola, no Distrito Federal. Trata-se de estudo transversal com amostra sistemática, com intervalo zero, sendo composta por 75 domicílios. A prevalência de insegurança alimentar e nutricional nas famílias foi estimada por meio da Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar (EBIA). Variáveis socioeconômicas e demográficas também foram avaliadas. O estudo encontrou 50,6% de ISAN, sendo 17,3% moderada e grave. Todas as casas são de alvenaria, com água encanada, energia elétrica e coleta de lixo. Dos domicílios com esgotamento sanitário, 12% eram contemplados com a rede de saneamento básico. A maior parte dos domicílios era própria (82,7%). Havia 29,3% das famílias beneficiárias do Programa Bolsa Família. A classificação econômica familiar predominante esteve nas classes C/D/E (87,3%). Houve associação significativa entre os níveis de SAN e tipo de domicílio, chefe do domicílio e consumo de hortaliças, frutas, leite e cereais. A prevalência de ISAN entre as famílias do Lamarão demonstra uma possível limitação dessas famílias em relação ao acesso físico e financeiro e à disponibilidade de alimentos com qualidade nutritiva. É importante um olhar aprofundado sobre a garantia da SAN em comunidades rurais e necessário se considerar as associações entre os fatores socioeconômicos, demográficos e de consumo alimentar, que determinam a ocorrência dos diagnósticos de SAN na população.
O Círculo de Cultura: estratégia de educação popular em saúde para trabalhadoras rurais
Authors: FERRAZ Lucimare , FERRETTI Fatima , TRINDADE Letícia de Lima , NALIN Vanesa
Published: May 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a experiência de educação popular, orientada pelo Círculo de Cultura, sobre os riscos laborais presentes no cotidiano de trabalho das mulheres trabalhadoras rurais. Realizou-se uma pesquisa-ação, com abordagem qualitativa. Participaram 16 profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família e 15 mulheres de um município de Santa Catarina. Foram realizadas entrevistas individuais com os profissionais, observação da rotina de trabalho das mulheres e atividades de Educação Popular em Saúde. O material discursivo foi analisado pela técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. As interpretações desse material permitiram conhecer os riscos presentes nas atividades das mulheres trabalhadoras, e o desenvolvimento do Círculo de Cultura proporcionou, pelos saberes dos participantes, a produção de conhecimentos para o enfrentamento dos riscos laborais e o fomento do autocuidado no trabalho no meio rural. Por fim, considera-se que Círculo de Cultura é uma estratégia de educação em saúde que possibilita a ampliação do conhecimento popular e científico, propiciando avanços na promoção da saúde, na perspectiva de mobilizações individuais, coletivas e sociais.
Teias de um Observatório para a saúde das populações do campo, da floresta e das águas no Brasil
Authors: CARNEIRO Fernando Ferreira , PESSOA Vanira Matos , ARRUDA Carlos André Moura , FOLGADO Cleber Adriano Rodrigues , SOARES Rackynelly Alves Sarmento , KIRSCH Rosana , TYGEL Alan Freihof , CARVALHO Priscila Delgado de
Published: May 2016

A Política Nacional de Saúde Integral das Populações do Campo, da Floresta e das Águas reconhece a dívida histórica do Estado brasileiro com a saúde dessas populações, apresenta a necessidade de superação do modelo de desenvolvimento econômico e social na busca de relações homem–natureza responsáveis e promotoras da saúde. Como fruto da implantação dessa política, pensando no seu monitoramento e avaliação, estruturou-se em 2012 um Observatório denominado OBTEIA. Objetiva-se apresentar a experiência desse Observatório, focando o seu processo metodológico e nos principais resultados. Este Observatório vem sendo estruturado a partir da criação de uma Teia de Saberes e Práticas, que envolve movimentos sociais, academia e gestoras(es)/trabalhadoras(es) do Sistema Único de Saúde. O foco das ações tem sido o de visibilizar essa população por meio de um portal interativo na internet (www.saudecampofloresta.unb.br), coleta e processamento de informações, notícias, estudos, vídeos, cadernos, bem como promover o debate acerca de referenciais críticos e métodos de pesquisa coerentes com o modo de viver dessas populações. Essa experiência vem possibilitando o envolvimento de distintos grupos e seu reconhecimento político dessa ferramenta como estratégia de fortalecimento e melhoria da produção de informações capazes de disparar ações e decisões focadas nas populações do campo, da floresta e das águas.
Novos tempos para nossa jovem Tempus
Authors: MENDONÇA Ana Valéria Machado , CABRAL Julio Cesar , SOARES RackynellyAlves Sarmento , SOUSA Maria Fátima de
Published: May 2016

A Revista Tempus Actas em Saúde Coletiva chega ao final de 2014 com muitos motivos para comemorar, muitas foram as vitórias, entre elas, o lançamento dos seus dois últimos números do ano. Ao lançarmos os Números 3 e 4, o primeiro nesta semana e o segundo na próxima, trazemos uma nova formatação visual, normativa e editorial, segundo as exigências da base de dados LILACS - Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, um dos mais expressivosindexadoresda América Latina e Caribe.Isso mesmo, fomos avaliados positivamente e estamos a um passo de mais uma importante indexação para nosso periódico científico.
06. Laughing at Oneself: On the New Social Character
Authors: Hietalahti Jarno
Published: May 2016

This paper examines certain practices of humour, especially self-ridicule, as a kind of social pathology, drawing on the work of Erich Fromm. The paper starts with the observation that laughing at oneself is typically considered to be a positive trait. In general, self-ridicule reveals that the joker does not consider him- or herself to occupy a high ground, to be above ridicule. This kind of affirmative attitude towards laughing at oneself is also present in many philosophers’ thinking. Morally, it is stated, it is better to laugh at oneself than at others. The paper challenges some of these general ideas. Not every kind of self-ridiculing is positive. Laughing at oneself can eventually be problematic in relation to recognizing oneself and others (this is not unrelated to the forms of pathology discussed by Honneth as pathologies of legal and moral freedom – they provide a protected ‘leave’ from the social world, which is important, but can turn pathological if it turns into an obstacle to ordinary participation in the social world. The same goes for excessive self-irony as a form of distancing oneself not only from the social world, but from one’s own orientation in life). The critique is based on Erich Fromm’s social philosophy, especially contemporary versions of Fromm’s notion of ‘social character.’
Is There an Association Between Carotid-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity and Coronary Heart Disease in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Pilot Study
Authors: Katsiki Niki , Kollari Erietta , Dardas Sotirios , Dardas Petros , Haidich Anna-Bettina , Athyros Vasilios G. , Karagiannis Asterios
Published: May 2016

Arterial stiffness has been shown to predict cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) is regarded the gold standard marker of arterial stiffness. In previous studies, cfPWV was associated with the presence of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, with regard to CHD severity as assessed by the Syntax Score, only brachial-ankle PWV was reported to correlate with Syntax Score; no data exist for cfPWV.

In this pilot study, we evaluated the possible associations between cfPWV, CHD and Syntax Score in 62 consecutive pa-tients (49 males; mean age: 64±12years) with chest pain undergoing scheduled coronary angiography. cfPWV was signifi-cantly higher in CHD patients than in non-CHD individuals (10 vs. 8.4 m/s; p = 0.003). No significant association was found between cfPWV and CHD severity as assessed by Syntax Score. A cut-off point of 12.3 m/s was considered as diagnostic for abnormally increased cfPWV (specificity: 97%; sensitivity: 12%; positive likelihood ratio: 3.558). Further research is needed to establish the relationship between cfPWV and Syntax Score.
The Promising Applications of Stem Cells in the Oral Region: Literature Review
Authors: Silva Luciano Barreto , Neto Alexandrino Pereira Dos Santos , Pacheco Rachel Gomes Pelozo , Júnior Severino Alves , Menezes Rebeca Ferraz de , Carneiro Vanda Sanderana Macedo , Araújo Natália Costa , Silveira Marcia Maria Fonseca da , Albuquerque Diana Santana de , Gerbi Marleny Elizabeth Marquez de Martinez , Álvares Pamella Recco , Arruda José Alcides Almeida de , Sobral Ana Paula Veras
Published: May 2016

Introduction:

For a long time researchers have tried to find out a way to grow tissues back to the human body in order to solve transplantation problems by offering the unique opportunity to have their organs back, working properly, in search of life dignity.

Literature Review:

Stem cells seem to be present in many other tissues than researchers had once thought; and in some specific sites they can be easily collected, without the need of expensive interventions. The oral cavity is one of these regions where their collection can be accomplished, with plenty of accessible sites enriched with these precious cells.

Aim:

The aim of this literature review is to research where in the mouth can scientists find stem cells to be used in the near future.

Key-message:

The aim of this literature review is to research where stem cells can be found and collected in the oral cavity.
General ward and pneumonia size as predictors of noninvasive ventilation failure
Authors: Joves-Sevic Biljana , Obradovic Dusanka , Stefanovic Srdjan , Batranovic Uros , Repic Jelena , Vukoja Marija
Published: May 2016

Introduction. Shortage of intensive care beds has led to more frequent use of
noninvasive ventilation (NIV) outside respiratory units, and data on NIV
efficacy and safety on general wards is lacking. Objective. The aim was to
identify potential predictors for NIV failure. Methods. This was a
retrospective analysis of patients treated with NIV at the Institute for
Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina from 2009 to 2013. Demographics, blood gases,
chest radiographs, setting, and outcomes were analyzed to identify predictors
of NIV failure. Results. A total of 138 patients (65% men, mean age 66 ? 11
years) were treated with NIV. Indications for NIV were acute exacerbation of
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (85%) and cardiogenic pulmonary edema
(7%), as well as respiratory insufficiency related to obesity and central
hypoventilation (5%) and neuromuscular disease (3%). Rate of NIV failure was
34.8%. In 86 patients NIV was applied in the High Dependency Unit (HDU),
while 52 received NIV on the general ward. Baseline characteristics in terms
of gender, arterial blood gases, and the extent of consolidation on chest
radiographs were similar. Patients treated in HDU were younger (64.4 ? 1.2
vs. 69.4 ? 1.5 years, p < 0.001). NIV on the general ward compared to HDU had
higher rates of NIV failure (28/52 vs. 20/86, p < 0.001). Presence of
consolidation involving two or more quadrants on chest radiograph (55% vs.
29%, p < 0.001) was associated with NIV failure. When adjusted for age and
the extent of consolidation on chest radiograph, NIV failure was still less
likely in patients treated in HDU (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.10-0.50). Conclusion.
Patients with consolidation on chest X-ray and patients treated with NIV
outside of dedicated respiratory units are at a higher risk for NIV failure.
Outcome of orthograde endodontic retreatment - a two-year follow-up
Authors: Neskovic Jelena , Zivkovic Slavoljub , Medojevic Milica , Maksimovic Milos
Published: May 2016

Introduction. Endodontic retreatment is a complex intervention that requires
detailed analysis of possible reasons for failure, and flawless practical
execution of the procedure. Objective. The aim of the study was to assess the
outcome of endodontic retreatment based on clinical and radiographic criteria
after a two-year observation period. Methods. Clinical study included 49
teeth indicated for endodontic retreatment based on periapical index (PAI).
All teeth were divided into two groups. Group I comprised teeth without any
periapical lesion (PAI score of 1 and 2) while Group II consisted of teeth
with visible periapical radiolucency (PAI score of 3, 4, and 5). Endodontic
retreatment was completed in two visits with inter-appointment medication of
2% chlorhexidine and calcium hydroxide for two weeks. Outcome of endodontic
retreatment was evaluated 12-24 months after final obturation. Results.
Endodontic retreatment was successful in 93.3% in Group I after 24 months. In
Group II, successful treatment and complete healing was found in 52.9% of
teeth, whereas 14.7% of teeth showed only partial healing. However, clinical
symptomatology was not present in any of the cases. Considering the absence
of clinical signs and subjective symptoms, retreatment was successful in
67.6% of cases where chronic periapical inflammation was present. Conclusion.
Endodontic retreatment was successful in high percentage in teeth with and
without periapical lesions.
Effect of Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity on Complications After Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Garcia Grant H. , Fu Michael C. , Webb Matthew L. , Dines David M. , Craig Edward V. , Gulotta Lawrence V.
Published: May 2016

Metabolic syndrome can adversely affect surgical outcomes. This study evaluated the postoperative outcomes of patients with metabolic syndrome after total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). A retrospective cohort study of 4751 patients undergoing TSA was conducted with use of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 2005 to 2013. Metabolic syndrome was defined as hypertension, diabetes, and body mass index of 30.0 kg/m
2
or greater. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed for the outcomes of any postoperative complications and extended length of stay. Patients classified as obese III had a significantly increased risk of extended length of stay (
P
=.011) compared with control subjects who were of normal weight. In the multivariable adjusted models, compared with nonobese patients, those classified as obese I and obese II had a significantly decreased risk of postoperative complications (odds ratio, 0.84,
P
=.020, and odds ratio, 0.82,
P
=.045, respectively), whereas those classified as obese I were less likely to have extended length of stay (odds ratio, 0.79,
P
=.004). Metabolic syndrome was not a significant predictor of postoperative complications or extended length of stay. Morbidly obese patients undergoing TSA have an increased risk of postoperative complications and extended length of stay. Those classified as obese I and obese II may have a decreased risk of postoperative complications and shorter length of stay. Despite the hypothesized negative effect of metabolic syndrome on outcomes, the overall effect of metabolic syndrome was insignificant. These results are consistent with previous studies on obesity in patients undergoing TSA and may explain why recent studies have not shown differences in the rate of complications after TSA in obese patients with a body mass index of 30 to 40 mg/kg
2
. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(5):309–316.]
Exploring 3D Immersive and Interactive Technology for Designing Educational Learning Experiences
Authors: Liu Min , Su Simon , Liu Sa , Harron Jason , Fickert Cynda , Sherman Bill
Published: May 2016

The purposes of this chapter are three-fold: to (a) review the research on 3D immersive and interactive technology (or virtual reality, VR) conducted so far for educational purposes both in the earlier years of the technology and in more recent years, (b) discuss a few VR technology tools available today, and (c) describe three scenarios in science, mathematics, and language learning to demonstrate how the current VR technology can be designed for education. In addition, primary challenges of using 3D immersive and interactive technology in education are also discussed along with future research directions. The intent of this chapter is to provide ideas and insights for researchers and designers who are interested in applying the VR technology in education.
Optimal Allocation of Static Synchronous Series Compensator Controllers using Chemical Reaction Optimization for Reactive Power Dispatch
Authors: Dutta Susanta , Roy Provas Kumar , Nandi Debashis
Published: May 2016

Static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) is one of the most effective flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices used for enhancing power system security. In this paper, optimal location and sizing of SSSC are investigated for solving the optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) problem in order to minimize the active power loss in the transmission networks. A new and efficient chemical reaction optimization (CRO) is proposed to find the feasible optimal solution of the SSSC based optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) problem. The proposed approach is carried out on the standard IEEE 30 bus and IEEE 57 bus test systems. The optimization results obtained by the proposed CRO are analyzed and compared with the same obtained from genetic algorithm (GA), teaching learning based optimization (TLBO), quasi-oppositional TLBO (QOTLBO) and strength pareto evolutionary algorithm (SPEA). The results demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed approach to generate true and well-distributed optimal solutions.
Social Media Effects in Virtual Brand Communities
Authors: See-To Eric W. K. , Del Rio Pablo Alejandre , Ho Kevin K.W.
Published: May 2016

Social networking sites (SNSs) such as Facebook and Twitter are emerging as major communication channels for organizations looking for new ways of customer engagement. Although this new scenario is having a massive impact on consumer behavior and marketing strategies, very little is known about users' intentions to participate in online social networks, and the potential benefits that online social interaction could generate. This research presents a new framework integrating the advantages of two well-known approaches, the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), to understand the intention to participate in the SNSs. The TAM focuses more on volitional factors, while the TPB considers external influences such as social factors. The authors' framework integrates both models, and extended them with two key elements in online communication and E-commerce: privacy and trust. The framework also reflects the effects of interaction between brands and consumers on Facebook and Twitter. The new theoretical framework was tested through two cross-sectional surveys in Facebook and Twitter. The results indicate that high levels of trust, attitude and perceived usefulness can be good indicators of the adoption of a SNS. Individually, Twitter was found to be a powerful word of mouth tool, and Facebook is a good interactive channel. These findings can provide a better picture of how practitioners should develop their strategies in both platforms in order to maximize their potential.
Porous Silk Fibroin/Alpha Tricalcium Phosphate Composite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Pichaiaukrit Woradej , Juwattanasamran Wiriya , Damrongrungruang Teerasak
Published: May 2016

Scaffolds with mechanical properties that mimic the tissue to be restored are critical to maintain the morphology and function of a scaffold after implantation and during tissue regeneration. Silk fibroin (SF), a protein from the Bombyxmori silk worm cocoon, is currently employed in the biomedical field and tissue engineering. The objective of this study was to construct three-dimensional porous silk fibroin/alpha tricalcium phosphate scaffolds for bone tissue engineering application. The scaffolds were fabricated using a solvent casting and salt leaching technique. The hybrid strain of degummed Thai silk fibroin, Nangnoi Srisaket 1 x Mor, was dissolved in hexafluoroisopropanol at 16% (w/v). Alpha tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) was incorporated to produce 4, 8, 12, and 16 wt% solution and sucrose (particle size 250-450 μm; sucrose/silk fibroin = 8.5/1 w/w) was used as a porogen. The microstructure and pore size, calcium and phosphorus contents, and compressive modulus were evaluated. The scanning electron microscope images revealed the microstructure of scaffolds to be square shaped with continuous interconnected pores. The average pore size of the scaffolds was 265.70 + 67.45 μm. The scaffolds containing 8% (w/w) α-TCP exhibited the highest compressive modulus (64.84 + 16.65 kPa) and the highest calcium content. The results suggested that the scaffolds containing α-TCP may be a potential candidate for application in bone tissue engineering applications.
Calcium Hydroxide - A Biomaterial Used in the Infectious Therapy in Dental Medicine
Authors: Borza Rareş Cătălin , Ignat-Romanul Ioana Mihaela
Published: May 2016

The most representative infectious pathology in dental medicine is the one of the dental pulp, located in the endodontic space, caused by its contamination with bacteria.The aim of the study presented was to determine the effect of calcium hydroxide on infections of the teeth and the periodontal tissue.The method used consists of a mechanical treatment, which removes the content of the endodontic space, and filling it with a paste obtained by mixing powder of calcium hydroxide with physiological serum, in order to disinfect and prevent bacterial growth.The conclusion of our study was that after a variable number of sessions of changing the calcium hydroxide paste, we noticed clinical signs that the infection was treated, and we could continue the conservative treatment of the teeth, saving them from extraction.
SEM Evaluation of Denture Base Materials Used in Clinical Practice
Authors: Farcașiu Alexandru Titus , Antoniac Iulian , Antoniac Aurora , Farcașiu Cătălina
Published: May 2016

Removable dentures aim to improve masticatory function, esthetics and phonetics. Different materials have been used as denture base materials but poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is most frequently used in most countries. Surface related properties of denture base materials (roughness, surface free energy, wettability, hydrophobicity, etc.) are of clinical importance since they affect plaque accumulation and staining. Surface roughness specifically influences the adhesion and retention of Candida Albicaans, which has a particular importance in denture-induced stomatitis pathogenesis. Bacterial plaque retention directly affects oral hygiene even if the patient achieves an appropriate cleaning of the denture. Ideally, denture base materials should be smooth so plaque adherence is reduced or even avoided. Test specimens of four heat polymerized materials were obtained by a classical press-pack dough molding technique of 1.5 mm thick wax-plate flasked in class III Moldano followed by the recommended polymerization regime. One of the materials was processed through a fast polymerization cycle. Injection-type materials were automatically produced using a dedicated injection unit. All plates were sectioned in 10 mm x 10 mm samples. No finishing protocol was applied. The selected specimens were examined under field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM). A large variation of surface topography was recorded between materials. There were visual differences between the four heat polymerized resins but also between the two injection-type materials. Surface topography was also influenced by the polymerization regime. Within the limitations of our study, we found that surface topography is influenced by the chemical composition of each material, the heat cure cycle and the processing method.
The Effect of Freeze-Thaw Treatment to the Properties of Gelatin-Carbonated Hydroxypatite Membrane for Nerve Regeneration Scaffold
Authors: Patriati Arum , Ardhani Retno , Pranowo Harno Dwi , Putra Edy Giri Rachman , Ana Ika Dewi
Published: May 2016

One of the major challenges in the development of scaffold for nerve regeneration is enhancing mechanical strength of the material to avoid the scaffold to rapidly degrade during regeneration process in nerve system. The aim of this study was to reveal the effect of freeze-thaw to the properties of gelatin-carbonated hydroxy apatite (CHA) membrane in two ratios 7 to 3 and 6 to 4 for gelatin to CHA respectively. Some variations of freeze-thaw cycles were applied for both ratios, which is referred for its biocompatibility in cells.The CHA was synthesized by wet precipitating method of calcium hydroxide and phosphoric acid in gelatin solution at room temperature and open system. The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and FTIR analysis was conducted to confirm the formation of type-B CHA in gelatin matrix. The resulted membrane was then subject for membrane characterization.It was known from the study that freeze-thaw treatment during membrane fabrication affects several properties of the membrane. Platelet loading capability decreased when freeze-thaw cycles increased. Meanwhile, the platelet was released more rapidly by freeze-thawed gelatin-CHA membrane compared to non-freeze-thawed one. The degradation percentage of the membrane decreased with the increasing freeze-thaw cycles, showing 4 hours slower degradation in the freeze-thawed membrane compared to the unfreeze-thawed one.Furthermore, it was observed that freeze-thaw improved the tensile strength of the membrane and the modulus elasticity increased simultaneously. Moreover, in general it was observed from this study that freeze-thaw treatment did not affect permeability of the membranes towards glucose transport.
Nanocrystalline Apatites: A Versatile Functionalizable Platform for Biomedical Applications for Bone Engineering… and beyond
Authors: Drouet Christophe , Rey Christian , Combes Christèle , Cazalbou Sophie , Sarda Stephanie , Grossin David
Published: May 2016

This contribution gathers various examples illustrating the fact that nanocrystalline apatites represent a genuine multi-functionalizable platform for a wide range of biomedical applications. It is indeed possible to convey additional functionalities to the already appealing properties of biomimetic apatites, via appropriate ionic substitutions and/or through controlled molecular adsorptions. In link with bone regeneration, we depict here examples of enhanced osteoconduction/induction and of the addition of antibacterial features to bone implants. But we also point out the promise of apatite-based colloidal nanoparticles in other domains not related to bone, such as nanomedicine (cell diagnosis/therapy), which we address by conferring luminescence properties and by adding cell recognition abilities.
Increased Pre-Osteoblast Bioactivity on Ca-Modified Titanium
Authors: Sunarso Sunarso , Toita Riki , Tsuru Kanji , Ishikawa Kunio
Published: May 2016

The aim of this study is to evaluate a new and simple titanium surface modification by calcium treatment. The treatment was carried out by immersing titanium in CaCl2 solution at 80°C which consider mild temperature. The XPS spectra showed that calcium has been successfully immobilized onto titanium surface. Moreover, the thickness of oxide layer increased after the treatment due to exposure of titanium surface to aqueous solution. In vitro evaluation revealed that the calcium treated titanium shows higher osteconductivity including greater cell attachment and proliferation. The results suggested that our current titanium surface modification is promising to improve osteoconductivity.
The Balance between Bone Formation and Material Resorption in Unidirectional Porous β-Tricalcium Phosphate Implanted in a Rabbit Tibia
Authors: Makihara Takeshi , Sakane Masataka , Noguchi Hiroshi , Yamazaki Masashi
Published: May 2016

We examined the balance between bone formation and material resorption in β-tricalcium phosphate, with unidirectional pores (porosity of 57%) and micropore structure. Using an animal bone defect model, rapid bone formation reached to the center of the material, while the material remained at the same period. Histomorphometric analysis showed that the sum total area of formed bone and material gradually increased with time throughout the experiment. These results indicate that the balance between bone formation and material resorption in this material is satisfactory.
Effects of Na Alginate in the Porosity of Scaffold Biphasic Calcium Phosphate/Alginate Composites
Authors: Dahlan Kiagus , Nuzulia Nur Aisyah , Wahyudi Setyanto Tri , Utami Setia
Published: May 2016

Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) bioceramics containing hydroxyapatite and β-Tricalcium Phosphate phases is one of bone grafting biomaterials that quite often used in bone regeneration due to its best characteristics in biodegradability and stability. Nevertheless, those properties are less enhance the bone ingrowth because of the dense and compact structure. Therefore, one of promising way to improve those properties is fabricating the bioceramics in the form of porous scaffolds. In this research BCP/alginate composite scaffolds were synthesized by using calcined chicken’s eggshells as the calcium donor. The synthesis of BCP/alginate scaffolds was performed by adding Na-alginate into BCP bioceramics as a matrix and porosifier with various percentage wt% of 20%, 30% and 40% using freeze drying processes. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that the addition of alginate tends to decrease the crystallinity of BCP/alginate composites. This XRD result, shown by peaks in 2θ range of 10o-20o, is in accordance with fourier transform infrared spectra showing the characteristics of functional groups of BCP and alginate. Moreover, the obtained mean pore size of samples are in the range of trabecular bone pore size which is about 200-400 μm with highest porosity more than 65% presented by μ-CT scanning analysis. These results indicate that the corresponding composites may suit as ideal bone grafting materials.
Highly Porous β-TCP Block with Triple Pore Structure in Rat Subcutaneous Tissue and Sheep Iliac Critical Bone Defect
Authors: Murata Masaru , Akazawa Toshiyuki , Kabir Md. Arafat , Minamida Yasuhito , Shakya M. , Nagayasu H. , Yamada K. , Ito Manabu , Sakamoto Michiko , Matsumoto Toshio , Nakajima Takehiko
Published: May 2016

Bio-absorbable materials have been strongly needed in bone regenerative surgery. β-TCP ceramics have been widely used as bone tissue scaffold materials, due to their bio-compatibility and bio-degradation. The aims of this study are to estimate blood permeation into different porous β-TCP blocks (75% and 67% in porosity), and to evaluate the behaviors of the 75% porous β-TCP block in rat subcutaneous tissue and sheep iliac bone defect by histological observation and 3-dimensional (3D) imaging analysis by μ-CT. The 75% β-TCP block revealed better performance in blood permeation than the 67% β-TCP in a dish including 3ml of sheep blood at 2 and 10 minutes. Almost area of the 75% β-TCP block turned to red at 10 minutes. In rat subcutaneous tissue, the bulk region of the 75% β-TCP was stained with HE. TRAP-positive multinucleated giant cells appeared on the surface of bulk at 4 weeks. In sheep iliac bone defect (10×15×9 mm3) model, μ-CT showed bone ingrowth into almost pores of the 75% β-TCP block at 2 months, and the block was absorbed and replaced by new bone until 4 months. The block was reduced to one-third in horizontal length and from 10 mm to 4 mm in vertical length at 2 months by 3D images. Body fluid stained by HE was found in the bulk region. We believe the body fluid permeation inside the bulk of the 75% porous β-TCP should contribute to the initial cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation, and its biodegradation. It was concluded that the super porous β-TCP block with hydrophilic property might be a biological scaffold, harmonized with bone remodeling.
In Vivo Evaluation of Strontium-Containing Nanostructured Carbonated Hydroxyapatite
Authors: Kammer Gabriel Maia , Sartoretto Suelen Cristina , Resende Rodrigo , Uzeda Marcelo , Nascimento Jhonathan Raphael , Alves Adriana Terezinha , Calasans-Maia Jose , Rossi Alexandre Malta , Granjeiro J.M. , Calasans-Maia Mônica Diuana
Published: May 2016

Bone tissue is a composite material that has hydroxyapatite (HA) as its main inorganic phase component. The biological apatites have low crystallinity and contain cationic and anionic substitutions in their structure, which differ from the available synthetic ceramics. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the biocompatibility of nanostructured carbonated hydroxyapatite microspheres containing 5 wt% strontium (SrcHA) compared with the biocompatibility of carbonated hydroxyapatite (cHA), both synthesized at 37°C and non-sintered, used to control stoichiometric HA microspheres in subcutaneous tissue of mice. The biomaterials (BM) were characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Vibrational Spectroscopy in an Infrared Fourier Transform (VSIRFT) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Forty five balb-C mice were randomly divided into four groups of 15 animals each: SrcHA, cHA, HA, and without material implantation (Sham group). All samples were histologically processed for descriptive evaluation of the biological effect. At each experimental period (1, 3 and 9 weeks), there was a higher biosorption of the tested biomaterials observed in contrast with the HA. The cHA group was the only group completely phagocytosed by macrophages and giant cells after 9 weeks. All biomaterials proved to be biocompatible, and the cHA and SrcHA 3% groups exhibited a faster bioabsorption in comparison with the control group. The doping of strontium did not cause a greater biological response after the 3 experimental periods.
Osteoconductivity and Bioresorption of an Interconnecting Porous Carbonate Apatite with Enhanced Mechanical Strength
Authors: Nguyen Xuan Thanh Tram , Maruta Michito , Tsuru Kanji , Matsuya Shigeki , Ishikawa Kunio
Published: May 2016

We have established a processing method to fabricate three - dimensional porous carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) with interconnected porous structure and improved mechanical strength. Briefly, porous CO3Ap materials were produced via phosphorization of porous calcite precursor in hydrothermal condition. In order to make porous calcite precursor, negative replication of modified polyurethane foam template was conducted. In this study, an in vivo behavior of that porous CO3Ap was evaluated. The interconnected porous CO3Ap material was implanted in the tibia of Japanese male rabbits and removed after a period of 6 months. Micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) scanner and histological analysis were used to characterize the bone formation response of the porous CO3Ap. The results suggest that porous CO3Ap with enhanced mechanical strength was not only osteoconductive but also bioresorbable therefore it could be used as bone substitute material.
Studies on Connexin 43, a Gap-Junction Protein, in P19 Embryonal Carcinoma Cells after Culture on an Apatite Fiber Scaffold
Authors: Kanzawa Nobuyuki , Takano Hiroki , Yasuda Kei , Takahara Masahiro , Aizawa Mamoru
Published: May 2016

We previously showed enhanced osteoblast differentiation by culturing cells in apatite-fiber scaffold (AFS). The well-developed a-surface of the apatite fibers provides favorable structural features and chemical interactions with the cells, and the scaffold appears to affect cell differentiation. AFS was used here to study its utility for soft-tissue engineering. An embryonal carcinoma cell line, P19.CL6, was cultured in AFS, and the expression and phosphorylation of a gap-junction protein, connexin 43 (Cx43), during cell proliferation and differentiation was examined. We show that treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide appears to induce a change in the isoform composition of Cx43 under the control condition, but not in AFS. We also show that serum starvation induces the phosphorylation of Ser 368 of Cx43 only in functionally mature cells.
Enzyme Immobilization by Using Apatite Microcapsules with Magnetic Properties
Authors: Yabutsuka Takeshi , Kumazawa Shun , Hisashuku Daiki , Mizutani Hiroto , Fukushima Keito , Takai Shigeomi , Yao Takeshi
Published: May 2016

Apatite Nucleus (AN) was attached on the surfaces of maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) particles and soaked them in SBF. By this treatment, formation of bonelike apatite was induced by AN and the apatite covered the whole surface of the γ-Fe2O3 particles. Urease was immobilized on the surfaces of microcapsules and collected by a neodymium magnet. The immobilized urease has an ability of a urea decomposition in an aqueous solution.