bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Über die Status und Perzeption der konvertierten Juden in dem Römisch-deutschen Reich des 16. Jahrhunderts im Spiegel des Bücherstreits
Authors: Orsós Julianna
Published: May 2022

The attitude towards converted Jews is presented through the examples of Johann Pfefferkorn, Victor von Carben and Matthäus Adriani. The similarities and differences in their estimation show the nuances of the contemporary public opinion about the Jews. The paper introduces first of all the different positions of German humanists and the phenomenon how the so-called Battle of Books mirrored the contemporary social attitudes towards Jews and converted Jews.
Harmony and Discord between Sovereignty and the Body Politic in Edward Forset's Comparative Discourse
Authors: Molnár Dávid
Published: May 2022

In the year 1606 Edward Forset published his quite curious book, under the title, A Comparative Discourse of the Bodies Natural and Politique. His book is an example of the glorification of the idea of sovereignty, and thus requires more attention in the shadow of the works of Hobbes and Bodin. Forset is mostly preoccupied with the analogy between bodies natural and politic. In European political theory, starting with the 12th century, with John of Salisbury and his famous treatise Policraticus, one can notice the emergence of a political metaphor consisting in drawing an analogy between the medieval state and the human body. Furthermore the medieval and early modern mind was dominated by the idea that man was a microcosm which faithfully mirrored, on a lesser scale, the universal macrocosm. That was the basis for the analogy between the human body and the state and it was openly acknowledged by political and literary authors, such as Forset or the more famous James IV and I, king of England and Scotland. My aim with this paper is to explore the ideological backround of Forset's work, which could serve as a solution for the different and also ambigious historical approches, that concerned this work. In my reading the numerous inconsistencies of the discourse can only be processed if we approach the text as an ideological performance and not as an example of social and political conflict.
Teaching Parasitology Lab Remotely Using Livestreaming
Authors: Hawdon John M. , Bernot James P.
Published: May 2022

Teaching biology laboratories remotely presents unique problems and challenges for instructors. Microscopic examination of specimens, as is common in parasitology labs, is especially difficult given the limited quantity of teaching specimens and the need for each student to have access to a microscope at their remote location. Observing images of parasites on the internet coupled with written exercises, while useful, is unrepresentative of real-world laboratory or field conditions. To provide a more realistic microscopy-centered synchronous experience for our parasitology class during the coronavirus pandemic, we used a smartphone mounted on a student microscope to livestream examination of parasite specimens to remote students via the Webex meeting app. This allowed two instructors, working from separate locations, to present and narrate the view of the specimens through the microscope in real time to the remotely located class. While less than ideal, livestreaming microscopic views of parasite specimens together with simultaneous instructor narration provided a reasonable remote substitute for a hands-on parasitology lab experience.
Development of soybean plants using a substrate based on green coconut fiber
Authors: SIlva Johny de Souza , Mendes Jones de Oliveira , Costa Rafael Santiago da , Oliveira Analya Roberta Fernandes , Braga Marilena de Melo , Mesquita Rosilene Oliveira
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different doses (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 t ha-1) of green coconut fiber in growth substrate on the early development and physiology of two soybean cultivars (Pampeana 40RR and Pampeana 60RR). The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using a completely randomized experimental design in a 2x6 factorial arrangement (two genotypes and six doses) with five replicates. Each replicate was made up of one plant, totaling 60 experimental units. Biometric variables (height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf area, and dry matter) and physiological variables (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, internal carbon, water use efficiency, and photosynthetic pigments) were evaluated. After obtaining the data 30 d after sowing, the means were subjected to an analysis of variance and, when significant for the F test, they were subjected to regression analysis and comparison of means by the Tukey's test. Through the regression analysis, the ideal minimum dose for each variable could be calculated. We observed an increase in plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf dry mass, stem dry mass, and root dry mass of around 51.10%, 31.60%, 52.83 %, 61.78%, 79.65%, 81.52%, and 6.06%, respectively, when we compared the values of the minimum doses with the maximum points found in each variable. Regarding the gas exchange, cultivar 60 RR was superior to cultivar 40 RR. In conclusion, the green coconut fiber compound had a positive influence on the growth and physiology of the cultivars, with the best response being obtained at the dose of 30 t ha-1.
Plant spacing assessment in cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) agroforestry systems in the Colombian Pacific region
Authors: Pérez-Zuñiga José Ives , Rojas-Molina Jairo , Zabala-Perilla Andrés Felipe
Published: May 2022

Cocoa beans produced in the municipality of Tumaco (Colombia) are very attractive for chocolate producers and consumers because of their fine and aromatic characteristics. However, optimal plant spacing that could improve income for cocoa farmers is uncertain. To address the problem, this study was carried out from 2016 to 2017 taking into account two phases. In the first phase, a characterization of the cocoa production system in the Colombian Pacific region was conducted. This characterization included plant spacing, cocoa-associated species, production costs, financial sources, and system yields. In the second phase, an analysis of optimal plant spacing was conducted using the results from the characterization phase. Thus, a linear programming model was developed that utilizes the three plant densities most used by producers (3x3 m, 3.5x3.5 m, and 4x4 m). Labor force, monthly bank fees, and minimum farmer income were considered as constraints of the model. Profitability was established as the objective function. This model was optimized with GAMS software, using the CPlex solver. Plant spacing of 4x4 m (625 plants ha-1) was found to be the optimal solution that maximized profitability. The minimum cocoa bean price required for this solution was 5,000 Colombian pesos kg-1 and the rural capitalization incentive (RCI) needed to be greater than or equal to 40%.
Growth parameters and organoleptic characteristics of plantain (Musa AAB Simmonds cv. Farta Velhaco) at different planting densities
Authors: Genuncio Glaucio da Cruz , Silva Jhonathann Willian Furquin da , Cordeiro Davidson Henrique , Mayer Tainah de Oliveira , Caldeira do Nascimento Elisamara
Published: May 2022

In view of the role of density and spacing in the growth parameters and organoleptic characteristics of plantains, this study sought to identify the best planting density for the cultivar Farta Velhaco (Terra group) cultivated in Mato Grosso (Brazil), evaluating three spacings. For this, we carried out an experiment in a randomized block design according to the following spaces (between plants x between rows): 2.0 m x 3.0 m (density of 1,600 plants ha-1); 2.5 m x 3.0 m (density of 1,320 plants ha-1) and 3.0 m x 3.0 m (density of 1,110 plants ha-1), with 25 replicates per treatment. The following attributes were evaluated: plant height (cm); diameter of the pseudostem (cm); number of leaves; number of hands per bunch; number of fruits per hand; fresh fruit weight (g); fruit height (cm); external and internal fruit lengths (cm); fruit diameter (cm); bunch weight (kg), and productivity (t ha-1), in addition to the percentage of total soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH and flavor of the fruits. The density of 2.0 m x 3.0 m in the cultivation of the plantain group Terra cv. Farta Velhaco improves fruit classification attributes as well as the fruit organoleptic characteristics such as the percentage of total soluble solids and flavor.
Morphological variations and abundance of populations of the leafhopper Dalbulus maidis (DeLong) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the corn-producing region of Huila, Colombia
Authors: Sánchez-Reinoso Isda , Jaramillo-Barrios Camilo Ignacio , Monje-Andrade Buenaventura , Ramírez-Godoy Augusto , Vargas Berdugo Angela María
Published: May 2022

Dalbulus maidis is known as the vector of the pathogens causing corn stunt complex disease that decreases crop yields to percentages higher than 90%. In the most affected areas of this disease, there is an increase in the abundance of this insect. This research evaluated the abundance and morphological characterization of populations of D. maidis collected from the region of Huila and determined the possible morphological variations within these populations. Leafhopper samples were collected in corn crops from 40 to 70 d after planting from eight localities in the corn-producing region of Huila. Taxonomic determination was carried out and twelve morphological characters were compared to evaluate the inter-population variations. Analyses of variance were performed to determine significant differences between individuals at three levels: abundance from specific corn-producing areas, morphotype, and sex. A total of 6,722 individuals were found, separated into four morphotypes. Total length, head length, and distance between the eyes showed significant differences. This study can serve as a basis for a better understanding of the vector for future research in the corn-producing regions of Colombia.
Population dynamics of the nematodes Heterodera glycines and Pratylenchus brachyurus in a succession crop of soybean and chickpea
Authors: Borges Pinheiro Jadir , Olegario da Silva Giovani , Gomes Macêdo Amanda , Gomes de Jesus Jhenef , Raulino Ludmila , Da Cruz Magalhães Caroline , Biscaia Danielle , De Castro e Melo Raphael Augusto , Pereira da Silva Patrícia , Marcos Nascimento Warley
Published: May 2022

The objective of this research was to evaluate the population dynamics of the nematodes Heterodera glycines race 5 and Pratylenchus brachyurus in a succession crop of soybeans and chickpeas. The experiment was carried out in Campos Novos dos Parecis, MT State, Brazil, from February to May 2017. Six chickpea cultivars were planted in February and evaluated in a naturally infested area of 60 ha. Five soil samples were collected at random in georeferenced and equidistant locations, forming a composite sample by replication. Five plants per georeferenced point and new soil samples were collected at regular intervals of about 30 d. The nematodes were extracted, identified, and counted. Data were subjected to variance and regression analyses. A reduction in the population levels of H. glycines race 5 was observed throughout the chickpea cycle, indicating that this species can be cultivated in succession with soybeans in the presence of this nematode. However, due to the maintenance in the population of P. brachyurus in the roots, rotation of soybean with chickpeas is not recommended in fields naturally infested with this nematode.
Rol crítico del trabajo final de graduación en el proceso de formación investigativa del estudiantado de ciencias del movimiento humano
Authors: Rojas-Valverde Daniel
Published: May 2022

Las prácticas científicas son un pilar en la formación de los profesionales de las Ciencias del Movimiento Humano (CMH), lo que acerca al estudiantado a la identificación y solución de problemas del contexto. Si bien las experiencias prácticas e investigativas son inherentes al proceso de mediación y formación pedagógica, un factor vinculado con este proceso es la elaboración del trabajo final de graduación (TFG). Gracias a los procesos de autoevaluación de las carreras, se ha identificado que el TFG es uno de los factores por los cuales la eficiencia terminal es cada vez menor. Esta problemática se ha subsanado, entre otras formas, con la utilización de modalidades como la prueba de grado, que requieren de menos tiempo y son muy puntuales en el mismo factor. Lo anterior si bien solventa en cierta medida la necesidad de aumentar las tasas de eficiencia terminal, no es considerado el mejor ejercicio académico para la identificación y resolución de problemas del contexto entorno a las CMH. En este sentido, urge resignificar el TFG como un proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de los conocimientos, valores y habilidades vinculados al ejercicio de la profesión y no reducirlo a una tarea al final de la etapa educativa. Para ello, debe vincularse el TFG a las prácticas de los cursos, provocando una construcción gradual del proceso investigativo y, de esta forma, implementar planes de diseño, gestión y seguimiento de los TFG.
Die Register Innocenz’ III. 15. Band, 15. Pontifikatsjahr 1212/1213. Texte und Indices
Authors: Sommerlechner Andrea , Egger Christoph , Hageneder Othmar , Murauer Rainer , Schaller Martin
Published: May 2022

Das Register des 15. Pontifikatsjahrs Innocenz’ III. enthält 242 Briefe aus der päpstlichen Kanzlei, die sich an unterschiedliche Empfänger in ganz Europa wie im Nahen Osten richten. Wie im 13. Jahrgang dominiert thematisch die Kirchenorganisation in der Romania, besonderes Augenmerk gilt daneben dem Sarazenenkrieg in Spanien, den Bemühungen um einen neuen Kreuzzug ins Heilige Land und der Bekämpfung der Häresie in Südfrankreich. Weitere Schreiben befassen sich mit den politischen und kirchlichen Verhältnissen von Süditalien bis Skandinavien, Ehesachen und besitzrechtlichen Fragen, Privilegien und Unterschutzstellungen für Bistümer und Klöster, Bistumsangelegenheiten und kirchenrechtlichen Entscheidungen verschiedenster Art, umstrittenen Wahlen und Disziplinarfragen, die Einblicke in die großen wie die alltäglichen Probleme der Kirche und der Laien um 1200 erlauben. Nach dem 13. und 14. gehört auch der 15. Jahrgang zu den Bänden, die nicht als Originalregister, sondern in einer an der Kurie gefertigten Abschrift aus der Mitte des 14. und dem Druck des französischen Gelehrten Bosquet aus dem 17. Jahrhundert überliefert sind. Der Band bietet eine kritische Edition, einen ausführlichen Sachkommentar, Nachweise der Zitate aus der Bibel, kirchlichem und römischem Recht, theologischen und klassischen Vorlagen, und gibt die Dekretalenüberlieferung der Briefe an. Einleitend werden die Handschrift und die Einrichtung der Edition beschrieben. Der Band wird durch mehrere Indices erschlossen.
A simple and reliable assay to quantify host resistance and aggressiveness of the pathogen in the Fusarium head blight-barley pathosystem
Authors: Sakr Nachaat , Al-Attar Jalal
Published: May 2022

A simple and reliable method for quantifying Fusarium head blight (FHB), a widespread disease of barley, would enhance our capacity in identifying resistance sources and highly aggressive isolates. A detached head assay (DHA) was used to reliably assess: (i) resistance of two barley cultivars, Arabi Aswad (AS) and Arabi Abiad (AB) with different susceptibility to FHB and (ii) aggressiveness in a set of 16 fungal isolates of four Fusarium species. The two inoculated cultivars showed different responses in FHB incidence (DI) and severity (DS) using spray and point inoculation on detached barley heads, respectively. On AB, susceptible under several experimental conditions, inoculation with different Fusarium species resulted in significantly higher DI and DS, compared with AS, which showed Fusarium resistance. Furthermore, the values of DI and DS were significantly correlated with the previous findings generated under several experimental conditions. The use of this simple and reliable method in barley breeding programs can speed up the process of identification of sources of resistance to multiple FHB isolates. To our best knowledge, this is the first in-depth report investigating the usefulness of DHA for distinguishing susceptibility of barley plants and aggressiveness of diverse Fusarium species from a breeder's point of view.
Pacific Islands in the face of sea level rise: some reflections from an international law perspective
Authors: Giraudeau Géraldine
Published: May 2022

Because they are at the frontline of climate change, Pacific islands’ governments and populations have early alerted on effects of sea level rise, a phenomenon that raises an urgent and existential threat in this part of the world. Among the legal questions emerging from that emergency, consequences on territorial integrity and sovereignty, State continuity, permanence of maritime limits and boundaries, as well as protection of human rights, are of crucial importance. Pacific islands’ representatives pushed for more awareness on those issues, and they are also actively participating to the construction of legal responses, particularly in the framework of the Pacific Islands Forum (PIF).

This article proposes an analysis of consequences of sea level rise from an international law perspective, focusing on Pacific States and territories. Effects of sea level rise being more present and documented in Oceania than in any other area in the world, a regional approach deserves specific attention and can usefully serve a general reflection on these challenges. The text thus aims to study impacts of sea level rise on territorial integrity and human rights at a regional scale, and to address more general prospects on development of international law.
La crisis migratoria de 2020 en las Islas Canarias: algunas opciones de solidaridad europea
Authors: Acosta-Sánchez Miguel-Ángel
Published: May 2022

La crisis migratoria en las islas Canarias, como consecuencia de la pandemia de COVD-19 y su impacto socioeconómico, así como una crisis diplomática entre España y Marruecos sin precedentes, han demostrado la incapacidad de nuestro país para hacer frente por sí sola a la llegada masiva de inmigrantes a sus fronteras exteriores. Considerando que la respuesta ante este fenómeno no puede ser únicamente nacional sino supranacional, conviene determinar algunos mecanismos de solidaridad en el contexto de la UE que pudieran haber sido aplicados al caso canario, especialmente en el ámbito de la protección temporal de los inmigrantes y el mecanismo de protección civil.
«¿Retorno a la historia?» El Tribunal General de la UE ante el Acuerdo de Pesca UE-Marruecos de 2019. Consideraciones en torno a la Sentencia TG (Sala 9ª) de 29 de septiembre de 2021, «Frente Polisario C. Consejo de la Unión Europea», asuntos acumulados T-344/2019 y T-356/19
Authors: González-Vega Javier-A.
Published: May 2022

La sentencia del TG de 29 de septiembre de 2021, Frente Polisario c. Consejo (asuntos acumulados T-344/19 y T-356/19) ha declarado nula la decisión del Consejo de la UE, por la que se concluye el Acuerdo de pesca entre el Reino de Marruecos y la Unión Europea. La decisión, de indudable transcendencia, pero falta de efectos en razón de los recursos de casación interpuestos contra ella por el Consejo y la Comisión el pasado diciembre, plantea interesantes cuestiones tanto desde la perspectiva del Derecho internacional como del Derecho de la Unión. Respecto de este último, en concreto, el TG, basándose en la reciente Sentencia TJ en el asunto Venezuela c. Consejo, reconoce la personalidad jurídica internacional –y la consiguiente legitimación– del Frente Polisario para interponer un recurso ante las instancias jurisdiccionales de la UE, afirma su afectación directa e individualizada por la decisión cuestionada y soslaya los inconvenientes establecidos por la jurisprudencia ATAA con miras a invocar los principios del Derecho internacional en causa –la libre determinación y el efecto relativo de los tratados–. Desde la perspectiva del Derecho internacional, que ha sido una vez más decisivo en el caso, el TG confiere al Frente Polisario la condición de representante del pueblo del Sáhara Occidental y juzga su participación en el proceso de conclusión del acuerdo como fundamental, al considerar el artificio de las consultas a la población concernida –en las que no participara– como inviable para formalizar el consentimiento del pueblo del Sáhara occidental requerido por las Sentencias TJ  Frente Polisario/Consejo y Western Sahara Campaign UK, relativizando además el valor conferido al célebre «dictamen Corell», hipostasiado por las instituciones de la UE para fundamentar su proceder. En cambio, pese a fundamentarse en el Derecho internacional, en la decisión no hay la más leve mención al ius cogens ni a sus indudables implicaciones en el contexto del asunto. Finalmente, el alcance último de la Sentencia está por ver. La resolución de los recursos del Consejo y de la Comisión, hará que la última palabra recaiga en el TJ, existiendo elementos en la decisión recurrida que hacen factible que éste, una vez más, sortee el formidable escollo que tiene hoy ante sí.
Development and analysis of the new hashing algorithm based on block cipher
Authors: Sakan Kairat , Nyssanbayeva Saule , Kapalova Nursulu , Algazy Kunbolat , Khompysh Ardabek , Dyusenbayev Dilmukhanbet
Published: May 2022

This paper proposes the new hash algorithm HBC-256 (Hash based on Block Cipher) based on the symmetric block cipher of the CF (Compression Function). The algorithm is based on the wipe-pipe construct, a modified version of the Merkle-Damgard construct. To transform the block cipher CF into a one-way compression function, the Davis-Meyer scheme is used, which, according to the results of research, is recognized as a strong and secure scheme for constructing hash functions based on block ciphers. The symmetric CF block cipher algorithm used consists of three transformations (Stage-1, Stage-2, and Stage-3), which include modulo two addition, circular shift, and substitution box (four-bit S-boxes). The four substitution boxes are selected from the “golden” set of S-boxes, which have ideal cryptographic properties.
The HBC-256 scheme is designed to strike an effective balance between computational speed and protection against a preimage attack. The CF algorithm uses an AES-like primitive as an internal transformation.
The hash image was tested for randomness using the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) statistical test suite, the results were examined for the presence of an avalanche effect in the CF encryption algorithm and the HBC-256 hash algorithm itself. The resistance of HBC-256 to near collisions has been practically tested.
Since the classical block cipher key expansion algorithms slow down the hash function, the proposed algorithm is adapted for hardware and software implementation by applying parallel computing. A hashing algorithm was developed that has a sufficiently large freedom to select the sizes of the input blocks and the output hash digest. This will make it possible to create an almost universal hashing algorithm and use it in any cryptographic protocols and electronic digital signature algorithms
Adapting the load-bearing structure of a gondola car for transporting high-temperature cargoes
Authors: Fomin Oleksij , Lovska Alyona , Khara Maryna , Nikolaienko Iryna , Lytvynenko Andrii , Sova Sergiy
Published: May 2022

This paper determines the load on the load-bearing structure of a universal gondola car during the transportation of cargo with a temperature of 700 °C in it. It has been established that the maximum equivalent stresses, in this case, significantly exceed permissible ones. The maximum temperature of the cargo, at which the strength indicators of the carrying structure of the gondola do not exceed the permissible values, is 94 °C. At the same time, the temperature of the cargo transported in the cars by rail can be much higher. In this regard, in order to use gondola cars for the transportation of cargoes with high temperatures, it is possible to arrange them in heat-resistant containers of open type – flatcars. Therefore, in this study, a structure of the flatcar with convex walls has been proposed. Such configuration of the sidewalls makes it possible to increase the usable volume of the container by 8 % compared to the prototype. As a flatcar material, a composite with heat-resistant properties is used. To justify the proposed solution, the strength of a flatcar was calculated. It has been established that the maximum equivalent stresses in the carrying structure of the flatcar are about 300 MPa and do not exceed permissible ones.
To determine the main indicators of the dynamics of the gondola car loaded with flats, its dynamic load was mathematically modeled. The calculation results showed that the accelerations that operate in the center of the mass of the load-bearing structure of a gondola car are about 1.5 m/s2. The vertical dynamics coefficient is 0.22. The estimated dynamics indicators are within the permissible values.
The study reported here could contribute to improving the efficiency of the use of gondola cars and to further advancements in the design of innovative vehicles
Building a dynamic model of profit maximization for a carsharing system accounting for the region’s geographical and economic features
Authors: Amirgaliyev Beibut , Andrashko Yurii , Kuchansky Alexander
Published: May 2022

This paper describes a dynamic model of profit maximization for a car-sharing system, taking into consideration the geographical and economic characteristics of a region. To solve the model construction task, a technique to cover the region with geometric shapes has been described. It was established that when modeling a car-sharing system, it is rational to cover a region with a grid of equal regular hexagons located side to side. For each subregion, quantitative parameters were calculated: the number of free cars in the subregions, the probability of a car traveling from one sub-region to another, the cost of maintenance and operation of the car, and the income from the trip. This takes into consideration the dynamic nature of the specified parameters. Based on these parameters, an objective function is constructed including constraints for the dynamic model. These constraints take into consideration the economic and geographical features of each subregion.
A dynamic profit maximization model was built for the car-sharing system in the city of New York (USA) based on the TCL dataset. To calculate the parameters of the model, data on 776,285,070 trips over the period from January 2016 to July 2021 were used. Maps of the beginning and completion of trips in the region and a map of trips tied to hexagonal grid cells using the Kepler visualization service have been built. The frameworks H3 and S2 were analyzed in terms of determining the length of the route between the subregions. Modeling was carried out according to the built unidirectional dynamic model of profit maximization. It has been established that taking into consideration the average economic and geographical characteristics of a region makes it possible to increase the profit of the car-sharing system by 12.36 %. Accounting for the dynamics of economic and geographical features of the region of customers in the model makes it possible to increase profits by an additional 4.18 %
Synthesis of titanium dioxide nanotube derived from ilmenite mineral through post-hydrothermal treatment and its photocatalytic performance
Authors: Fauzi Ahmad , Lalasari Latifa Hanum , Sofyan Nofrijon , Ferdiansyah Alfian , Dhaneswara Donanta , Yuwono Akhmad Herman
Published: May 2022

Ilmenite (FeTiO3) is a suitable mineral to produce titanium dioxide (TiO2) for photocatalyst applications. Therefore, this research was conducted to synthesize TiO2 material from titanium oxysulfate (TiOSO4) extracted from Indonesia local ilmenite mineral (FeTiO3) and to modify this material into TiO2 nanotubes through a hydrothermal process at 150 °C for 24 hours followed by a post-hydrothermal treatment with temperature variations of 80,100, 120, and 150 °C for 12 hours. The purpose was to investigate the effect of the post-hydrothermal variations on the crystal structure, morphology, and optical properties of the TiO2 nanotubes produced. It was discovered from the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations that the TiO2 nanotube was successfully derived from the ilmenite precursor. Moreover, the X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the nanotube crystal structure showed that post-hydrothermal treatment enhanced the crystallinity of the anatase TiO2 phase even though the sodium titanate phase was observed to exist in the structure. The increase in the post-hydrothermal temperature from 80 to 150 °C was also discovered to have led to:
1) a reduction in the unit cell volume from 136.37 to 132.31 Å3 and a decrease in the lattice constant c from 9.519 to 9.426 Å;
2) an increase in density from 7.783 to 8.081 gr/cm3 as well as in the crystallite size from 19.185 to 25.745 nm;
3) a decrease in the bandgap energy (Eg), from 3.33 to 3.02 eV.
These characteristics further indicate the ability of the photocatalytic performance of the nanotubes to enhance the degradation efficiency from 87.69 to 97.11 %. This means the TiO2 nanotubes extracted from local FeTiO3 can provide the expected crystal structure and photocatalytic performance
Identifying patterns in the fatty-acid composition of safflower depending on agroclimatic conditions
Authors: Tultabayev Mukhtar , Chomanov Urishbay , Tultabayeva Tamara , Shoman Aruzhan , Dodaev Kuchkar , Azimov Utkir , Zhumanova Umyt
Published: May 2022

The object of the study reported in this paper is to establish a dependence of the fatty acid composition of the fast-growing annual plant safflower on the agroclimatic cultivating conditions. The growth rate of safflower and the characteristics of the extracted oil are highly dependent on external temperature and moisture. At low temperatures, for example, the growth of safflower is significantly inhibited. With an increase in temperature and the length of daylight, the central stem begins to branch while growing faster. Flowering is mainly affected by the length of daylight. The period from the end of flowering to maturity is typically 28‒30 days. However, the total ripening period of the crop depends on the variety, location, sowing time, and agro-climatic cultivating conditions. The need for water increases significantly during the flowering period of safflower, which ultimately affects the indicators of the fatty acid composition and yield. At the same time, safflower is sensitive to moisture in terms of disease. In case of excess water, it is subject to root rot. In addition, frequent rains and high humidity after ripening can provoke the germination of seeds on the head. Hence, it follows that in order to obtain a high yield with the specified characteristics of the fatty acid composition of safflower oil, it is necessary to take into consideration the quantitative indicators of moisture and its seasonality, as well as the temperature regime during the growing season.
The study was conducted using arid or semi-arid, sharply continental Central Asia with its hot summers and cold winters as an example. The dependence of the physicochemical parameters of plant-derived oils on agroclimatic indicators has been established. The reported results and conclusions will allow farmers to predict the yield of oilseeds with specified characteristics depending on the changing climatic parameters
Determining optimal technological modes for pressing oil from melon seeds to justify rational engineering and structural solutions
Authors: Kairbayeva Ainura , Tlevlessova Dinara , Imanbayev Alimzhan , Mukhamadiyeva Kalima , Mateyev Yesmurat
Published: May 2022

This paper considers the process of squeezing oil from melon seeds in a screw oil press, using the method of planning a full-factor experiment. To study the interaction of various factors affecting the process of squeezing oil from melon seeds, mathematical methods of experiment planning were applied. Melon seeds were used as the object of the study. The results of studying the physical and mechanical indicators of melon seeds are reported; the rational modes of pressing melon seeds have been determined; the aerodynamic indicators of melon seeds have been defined in order to design a cold-pressed press for melon seeds.
Ventilation modes have been substantiated; the soaring coefficient for melon seeds was derived. The coefficient of resistance for a melon seed is 1.54.
The highest critical velocity values for melon seeds were 6.4, for kernels 4.67, and for husks 3.94, respectively, with seed moisture content of 24.08 %.
The dependence of the oil yield on huskness has been determined. It is established that in the process of pressing there is a decrease in the oil content of the oil seed meal as it moves from the receiving chamber to the exit from the press, at the same time there is a compaction of the compressed product. Based on the study’s results, a plant for squeezing oil from melon seeds was designed. As a result of solving the problem with the vector optimization criterion, optimal intervals of input parameters were obtained: the initial humidity of the raw material is 9.15...10.27 %, the speed of rotation of the oil press screw is 0.843...0.895 s–1, the clearance for the yield of cake is 0.750...0.800, the oil seed meal temperature at pressing=87...89 °С, the huskness of the starting product is 7.13...7.23 %
Influence on the thermophysical properties of nanocomposites of the duration of mixing of components in the polymer melt
Authors: Fialko Nataliia , Dinzhos Roman , Sherenkovskii Julii , Meranova Nataliia , Prokopov Viktor , Babak Vitalii , Korzhyk Volodymyr , Izvorska Diana , Lazarenko Maxim , Makhrovskyi Volodymyr
Published: May 2022

A set of experimental studies has been carried out to establish the effect of the mixing time of components of nanocomposite materials on their thermal conductivity, specific heat, and density. The physical properties of polypropylene-carbon nanotube composites were to be studied. During the experiments, the duration of mixing of the components in the melt of the polymer varied from 5 to 52 minutes, the mass fraction of the filler ‒ in the range of 0.3...10 %, and nanocomposite temperature – from 290 K to 475 K.
It was found that an increase in the mixing time of components of nanocomposite materials could lead to a significant (more than 70 times) increase in their thermal conductivity. It is also shown that the influence of the specified time is limited to its value equal to 27 minutes, above which the change in the thermal conductivity of nanocomposites can be neglected. It was found that the sensitivity of the thermal conductivity of nanocomposites to the time of mixing of their components decreases with a decrease in the mass fraction of the filler.
Temperature dependences of the specific heat capacity of the studied composites were obtained by varying the mixing time of their components and the mass fraction of the filler. It was found that with an increase in the specified time, there is a decrease in the heat capacity of nanocomposites, which is significantly manifested only in the region of temperatures close to the melting point of the composite matrix.
It is shown that the dependence of the density of nanocomposites on the mixing time of their components in qualitative terms is similar to the corresponding dependence for their thermal conductivity. The obtained data can be used to choose the mixing time of components of nanocomposite materials in the development of appropriate technology for their production
Why Using Neonicotinoids Against Sugar Beet Aphid Pests May Not Be Necessary
Authors: Loxdale Hugh D.
Published: May 2022

Due to the continuing problem of the infestation of sugar beet crops in the UK by aphids, more especially the peach potato aphid, Myzus persicae, a major vector of sugar beet yellow viruses, Defra has decided to allow derogation of the application of the neonicotinoid insecticide
thiamethoxam as an emergency control measure during the 2022 growing season. This insecticide is one of the few remaining synthetic compounds to which the species has yet to become resistant. Here the author argues that because of the likely evolution of such resistance in the near future,
and because of concerns of the use of such chemicals against non-target beneficial animals, notably bees, Defra should urgently re-fund research into the use of primary parasitic wasps (parasitoids) as natural control agents of this and other pest aphid species. Such agents are known from
previous molecular-based researches to have high efficacy, both in M. persicae and the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (≥50% parasitism in natural field populations). To reduce the probability of M. persicae evolving resistance to one of the last modern neonicotinoid insecticides
left in the 'armoury' of growers, especially including those of sugar beet, alternative control approaches need to be re-considered urgently, preferably involving the cessation of such chemical treatments altogether (a practice clearly driven by commercial considerations by the pesticide manufacturing
industry) due to environmental concerns. Chief amongst these is the long-term impact of pesticides on non-target arthropods within the environment, and especially pollinators like bees. Such an approach can be implemented mainly by employing natural biological control agents. In this way,
adequate aphid, and hence viral control may be provided, i.e. below the economic damage threshold of around 10–15% yield loss normally considered for aphid attack (for example, in the case of sugar beet yellows in 2021 in eastern England, the estimated loss was 8%, so that the economic
threshold of 9% was not met; whilst at the same time eliminating pesticide usage. This must surely be good in the long-term for both growers and consumers alike. In the author's view, the government via Defra needs to continue funding work on natural control agents of aphid pests urgently,
both in terms of their efficacy as well as their more general biology and genetics. Ultimately, an insect pest can only be effectively combated if a wide knowledge base is available in relation to its fundamental biology, behaviour, genetics and ecology, whereupon the most rational, cost-effective
and indeed most relevant control approaches can then be implemented.
Can Malaria Be Eradicated by 2030?
Authors: Matthews Graham
Published: May 2022

According to the 2020 World Health Organization (WHO) Malaria Report, there were 229 million malaria cases worldwide with a death toll of 409,000 in 2019. This information did not include asymptomatic malarial infections which can also have a significant impact on the health of infected
individuals. Part of this may be due to the mosquitoes becoming resistant to the pyrethroid insecticide used in treated bed nets, especially if the bed nets are damaged with large holes, allowing mosquitoes to still transmit malaria. The overall reduction has tended to reach a plateau or declined
in certain areas, such as the Amazon basin in Brazil where the transmission of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum increased more than 20% in 2016–17. Increased implementation of chemical control programs has led to the emergence and spread of insecticide resistance
in Anopheles sp. and Aedes sp. populations, indicating a need to examine whether entomopathogenic fungi can be used for controlling mosquito vectors. Deforestation and increased agricultural activities have probably resulted in greater exposure to outdoor biting by the female mosquitoes.
Similarly In other areas, changes in human behaviour have increased socialising outdoors and shopping after sunset when it is cooler. Apart from some attention to larval source management, so far there has been no recommendation for space treatments to reduce outdoor biting. This is despite
the extensive use of space treatments in the USA by the mosquito control organisations, using cold foggers on vehicles or applying a space spray from aircraft. There has also been consideration of using an autonomous unmanned aerial spray system (UASS), a drone to apply space sprays.
Immunological Potency, Efficacy, and Tolerance of “Gam-COVID-Vac” Vaccine among Students: Prospective Study
Authors: Sutovskaya Diana V. , Burlutskaya Alla V. , Dubova Larisa V. , Krylova Daria R. , Gorbacheva Liubov V.
Published: May 2022

Background. Students, as the most active and mobile part of population, often unite into educational and informal groups, move to other regions or countries, and present a specific risk group for the spread of new coronavirus infection. Thus, they require preventive vaccination. objective. The aim of the study is to study the immunological potency, tolerance, and efficacy of Gam-COVID-Vac vaccine among students of Krasnodar. Methods. 119 seronegative students (18-30 years old) were examined. SARS-CoV-2 IgG (ELISA method) was determined 1, 3, and 6 months after two completed rounds of vaccination. Post-vaccination adverse events and COVID-19 cases were evaluated in the study. Results. SARS-CoV-2 IgG level 1 month after vaccination ranged from 6.15 to 19.38 and was to 16.39 (AU/mL) ± 1,12. Immunological potency values ranged from 4.407 to 21.5 (AU/mL) (14.74 ± 2.93) 3 months after. IgG titers were in the range of 4.14 to 17.71 (AU/mL) (10.97 ± 4.69) 6 months after. Adverse events after vaccination were revealed in 34 respondents (28.6%). Among them, local (hyperemia, pain, edema) — 21 (17.6%): slight — 90.4%, major — 9.6%; general (fever, weakness, algor, headache, arthralgia, myalgia) — 13 (10.9%): slight — 69.2%, major — 30.8%. The increase in vaccination coverage in students from 30.3 to 79.1% reduced the COVID-19 morbidity from 3.81 to 1.57%. Conclusion. Gam-COVID-Vac vaccine induced stable humoral response, demonstrated sufficient safety, and reduced morbidity 2.4-fold.
Student Perceptions of Course Configuration: Hybrid and Face-to-Face Models
Authors: Aleccia Vincent , Haskins Haskins
Published: May 2022

Hybrid or blended learning has gained enormous popularity in higher education because of its demonstrated ability to increase student learning, reduce undergraduate attrition rates, and maintain costs in an era of relentlessly increasing tuition. This study reviews the literature on hybrid or blended learning, enumerating both the benefits and liabilities of this type of instruction and the controversies surrounding it. The researchers then describe the two forms of a mixed-methodology survey instrument used to determine the satisfaction of primarily undergraduate students who are enrolled in separate sections of an introduction to education course, one taught in a traditional face-to-face mode and one in a blended configuration during two academic terms at a public regional comprehensive university in the Northwest portion of the United States. They then analyze the findings of the qualitative and quantitative data with recommendations for further research.
Elbow Hygroma in Animals and its Treatment: A Statement
Authors: Chaudhuri Biswadeep
Published: May 2022

Elbow hygroma is going to be one of the major diseases in captive animals. Though the main cause is unknown, there are several opinions that are coming from various scientific communities and veterinarian. Though there is no specific solution for this, some life-style remedies are found
to give significant results. More research and selective breeding are to be performed to control over such diseases.
Environmental inferno- Wildfire emitted aerosols
Authors: Datta Suravi , Sinha Baisakhi , Talukder Pratik
Published: May 2022

Wildfire-emitted aerosols could have a huge impact on global climate by disrupting the global radiation balance. The Community Earth Model Of the system with regulated daily smoke aerosol releases is used in this work to evaluate the effects of fire aerosols on global climate, with
a focus on climate feedbacks. The total wildfire aerosol thermal influence (RE) is predicted for being 20.78 6 0.29 W m22, with shortwave RE (REaci; 20.70 6 0.20 W m22) accounting for the majority of the RE. The annual global warming shift DT is 20.64 6 0.16 K, with northern hemisphere experiencing
the highest change. In the Arctic, where the shortwave REaci is strong, there is a decline. The build-up of Arctic Sea ice is associated to the cooling, which acts to amplify the Arctic cooling through positive ice-albedo feedback. The quick reaction (irrelevant to DT) tends to lower surface
latent heat flow into the atmosphere in the tropics to counter compelling smoke black carbon absorbing, which decreases rainfall in tropical land regions (southern Africa and South America). Climate feedback processes (pertaining to DT) result in a significant reduction in surface latent heat
flux over global ocean areas, which could account for the vast majority (;80%) of global precipitation reduction. Precipitate is formed in deep tropical latitudes (58N), but rises in the tropical ocean of the Southern Hemisphere, owing to a southern displacement of the inter - tropical convergence
transitional zone and a lowering of the Hadley system in the Southern Hemisphere. Through intensifying cross-equator atmospheric heat transport, such changes could partially compensate for the interhemispheric temperature asymmetry induced by boreal forest fire aerosol indirect effects. This
paper deals with wildfire aerosols' impact on forest biomass, the global energy budget, and climate, as well as ways to replenish them.
Cancer Proteomics: A Stride Through Disease Proteins
Authors: Dutta Shrestha , Ghosh Rajgourab
Published: May 2022

Cancer, a dreaded disease with high mortality rate, is manifested in the form of genes translated into proteome. Extensive research has been undertaken to understand the mechanism of its onset, progress, and malignancy. The fatality of the disease has led researchers into developing
improved diagnosis and targeted medicine. While some of the cancers are inherited and some acquired due to many known or unknown chemical or environmental effects or due to aberrant cellular mechanisms. The need to identify the genes and proteins remain paramount. The discovery of proteins
and its PTMs are significant in cancer treatment and global and targeted proteomics play a very important role in these studies. In this study, we have tried to relate the importance of proteomic techniques and its importance in functionally characterizing proteins in various forms and stages
of cancer along with study of various important PTMs. These may eventually help in early, better diagnosis and provide knowledge for discovery of targeted precision medicines.
Influence of selected reactive oxygen species on the long-term aging of bitumen
Authors: Primerano Kristina , Mirwald Johannes , Maschauer Daniel , Grothe Hinrich , Hofko Bernhard
Published: May 2022

The aging of bitumen is a major contributor to the failure of asphalt pavements. Realistic and accurate laboratory aging methods can predict bitumen durability and guarantee the use of high-quality components in asphalt pavement. However, current standardized aging methods do not incorporate atmospheric parameters, besides elevated temperatures and molecular oxygen. Crucial chemical components like reactive oxygen species (ROS), e.g. nitrogen oxides (NOx) or ozone (O3), are completely neglected. This study focusses particularly on the reactivity of individual ROS, such as nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and O3, in regards to the long-term aging (LTA) of three unmodified bitumen. For LTA an adapted version of the Viennese Binder Aging method was used and the aged bitumen samples were analyzed with the dynamic shear rheometer and Fourier-Transform-Infrared spectroscopy, respectively. The results show that NO as a single component does not induce significant aging, whereas NO2 leads to severe bitumen deterioration, which is even more accelerated when a second oxygen source is present. In comparison, the reactivity of O3 is rather mild and it did not cause additional aging for two of the investigated binders. This study provides evidence, that ROS play a crucial role in bitumen aging and should thus not be neglected when addressing realistic aging conditions in the laboratory.