bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LncRNA SNHG1 and RNA Binding Protein hnRNPL form a Complex and Coregulate CDH1 to Boost the Growth and Metastasis of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Tan Xiao , Chen Wen-Bin , Lv Dao-Jun , Yang Tao-Wei , Wu Kai-Hui , Zou Li-Bin , Luo Junqi , Zhou Xu-Min , Liu Guo-Chang , Shu Fang-Peng , Mao Xiangming
Published: October 2020

Background: The interaction between LncRNA and RNA-binding protein (RBPs) plays an essential role in the regulation over the malignant progression of tumors. Previous studies on the mechanism of SNHG1, an emerging lncRNA, have primarily focused on the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism between SNHG1 and RBPs in tumors remains to be explored, especially in prostate cancer (PCa).Methods：SNHG1 expression profiles in PCa were determined through the analysis of TCGA data and tissue microarray at the mRNA level. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were performed to investigate the biological role of SNHG1 in PCa initiation and progression. RNA-seq, immunoblotting, RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation analyses were utilized to clarify potential pathways with which SNHG1 might be involved. Finally, rescue experiments were carried out to further confirm this mechanism.Results: We found that SNHG1 was dominantly expressed in the nuclei of PCa cells and significantly upregulated in PCa patients. The higher expression level of SNHG1 was dramatically correlated with tumor metastasis and patient survival. Functionally, overexpression of SNHG1 in PCa cells induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), accompanied by down-regulation of the epithelial marker, E-cadherin, and up-regulation of the mesenchymal marker, vimentin. Increased proliferation and migration, as well as accelerated xenograft tumor growth, were observed in SNHG1-overexpressing PCa cells, while opposite effects were achieved in SNHG1-silenced cells. Mechanistically, SNHG1 competitively interacted with hnRNPL to impair the translation of protein E-cadherin, thus activating the effect of SNHG1 on the EMT pathway, eventually promoting the metastasis of PCa. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that SNHG1 is a positive regulator of EMT activation through the SNHG1-hnRNPL-CDH1 axis. SNHG1 may serve as a novel potential therapeutic target for PCa.
Nogo-A is critical for pro-inflammatory gene regulation in myocytes and macrophages
Authors: Ullah H M Arif , Elfadl A. K. , Park SunYoung , Kim Yong Deuk , Chung Myung-Jin , Son Ji-Yoon , Yun Hyun-Ho , Park Jae-Min , Yim Jae-Hyuk , Jung Seung-Jun , Choi Young-Chul , Shin Jin-Hong , Kim Dae-Seong , Park Jin-Kyu , Jeong Kyu-Shik
Published: October 2020

Background: Nogo-A (Rtn 4A), a member of the reticulon 4 (Rtn4) protein family, is a neurite outgrowth inhibitor protein that is primarily expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). However, the role of Nogo-A in inflammatory mechanisms remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we used Nogo-knockout (KO) mice to explore its potential role in the inflammatory process. Here, we investigated whether Nogo-A affects the inflammatory process through transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). Results: Our results demonstrated that Nogo-A, CHOP, and pro-inflammatory factors were activated in the following: notexin-induced muscle injury, in human Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients, in dystrophin-deficient (mdx) mice, in differentiated C2C12 myoblast cells, and in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM). Moreover, we found that Nogo-KO BMDM exhibited lower migratory ability compared with wild type (WT) BMDM after LPS treatment. Conclusion: Our data demonstrated that the Nogo-A-CHOP signaling pathway regulated the inflammatory process in notexin-induced injured muscle, in mdx mice, in DMD patients, in differentiated C2C12 cells, and in LPS-stimulated BMDM. Taken together, these results suggest that Nogo-A plays a vital role in inflammatory processes, which resembles the pathological mechanisms observed in the CNS.
Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy with S-1 Compared with Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy with Docetaxel and Cisplatin for Locally Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Xi-Lei , Yu Chang-Hua , Wang Wan-Wei , Ji Fu-Zhi , Xiong Yao-Zu , Zhu Wei-Guo , Tong Yu‐Suo
Published: October 2020

Background: This retrospective study was to assess and compare the toxicity and efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) with S-1 or docetaxel and cisplatin in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods: Patients who had locally advanced ESCC and received CCRT with S-1 (70mg/m2 twice daily on days 1-14, every 3 weeks for 2 cycles, S-1 group) or docetaxel (25mg/m2) and cisplatin (25mg/m2) on day 1 weekly (DP group) between 2014 and 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Treatment-related toxicities, response rate, and survival outcomes were compared between groups. Results: A total of 175 patients were included in this study (72 in the S-1 group and 103 in the DP group). Baseline characteristics were well balanced between the two groups. The incidence of grade 3-4 adverse events were significantly lower in the S-1 group than in the DP group (22.2% versus 45.6%, p = 0.002). The objective overall response rate (complete response + partial response) was 68.1% in the S-1 group, and 73.8% the DP group (p = 0.497). The 3-year overall survival was 34.7% in the S-1 group, and 38.8% in the DP group (p = 0.422). The 3-year progression free survival in the DP group was higher than that in the S-1 group but without significant difference (33.0% versus 25.0%, p = 0.275). Conclusion: CCRT with S-1 is not inferior to CCRT with docetaxel and cisplatin and is better tolerated in in elderly patients with locally advanced ESCC.
Value Chain Analysis of Smallholder Dairy Production in Debark District, Ethiopia
Authors: Adane Betelhem Tsedalu , Getu Abebaw Abibo , Akililu Zework , Feleke Fikremariam Birara
Published: October 2020

IntroductionMilk production in Ethiopia is done largely by the smallholder farmers in the high lands and in low land areas of the country. However, the Ethiopian dairy production and market systems face severe constraints like poor genetics, insufficient access to proper animal feed and poor management practices all contribute to the low productivity levels. Similarly, dairy producers and downstream actors in the value chains face many challenges in getting milk to market. Hence this study analyzes dairy products value chain. MethodsValue chain analysis framework and financial analysis were used. Result and conclusionThe dairy value chain is complex involving multiple actors and their interaction. The major direct actors include input suppliers, small holder farmers, village collectors, cooperatives, semi processors, hotel and cafés and consumers. Besides indirect actors such as supportive and regulatory service providers are also involved. Though all actors have positive profit margin, the largest share goes to hotel and cafés. The financial analysis along the entire value chain shows that Producing and marketing of dairy products is profitable and creates higher value added. Concerned body should improve access to services and collective actions to enhance local value additions and Smallholder milk producers must be organized into dairy cooperative groups and subsequently into dairy unions.
Assessing Production Efficiency by Farm Size in Rwanda: A Zero-inefficiency Stochastic Frontier Approach
Authors: Ngango Jules , Hong Seungjee
Published: October 2020

This study investigates the relationship between farm size and technical efficiency for maize production in Rwanda. Since levels of technical efficiency tend to vary considerably across farms in sub-Saharan Africa, with a mixture of both inefficient and fully efficient farms, the use of the conventional stochastic frontier method is not appropriate. In this paper, we apply a zero-inefficiency stochastic frontier method that manages both efficiency and inefficiency in the studied sample. The average technical efficiency of maize farms for the full sample is estimated at 0.64, demonstrating that maize output can be improved by approximately 36% without increasing the proportion of farm inputs used. Regarding the relationship between farm size and technical efficiency, the study results show a positive relationship between farm size and technical efficiency for maize production in Rwanda. Thus, the enforcement of land reforms such as land consolidation and enhanced aggregate productivity growth are needed. The results also indicate that education, cooperative membership, extension services, access to credit, off-farm income, land tenure, and livestock ownership have significant and positive effects on technical efficiency.
Can a Shift to Regional and Organic Diets Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions from the Food System? A Case Study from Qatar
Authors: Vicente Jose Luis Vicente , Piorr Annette
Published: October 2020

BackgroundQatar is one of the countries with the highest carbon (C) footprints per capita in the world with an increasing population and food demand. Furthermore, the international blockade by some countries that is affecting Qatar – which has been traditionally a highly-dependent country on food imports – since 2017 has led the authorities to take the decision of increasing food self-sufficiency. In this study we have assessed the effect on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of shifting diets from conventional to organic products and from import-based diets to more regionalized diets for the first time in a Gulf country.ResultsWe found that considering the production system, the majority of the emissions come from the animal products, but the differences between conventional and organic diets are very small (738 and 722 Kg CO2-eq capita-1 yr-1, of total emissions, respectively). Conversely, total emissions from plant-based products consumption are one order of magnitude smaller, but the differences in the emissions between the two systems were higher, leading to a decrease in 88 Kg CO2-eq capita-1 yr-1 when changing from conventional to organic consumption. Regarding the change to 100% regionalized diets, we found that packaging has a small influence on the total amount of GHG emissions, whereas emissions from transportation would be reduced in 780Kg CO2 capita-1 yr-1 for the business as usual scenario of 2015.ConclusionsDue to the extreme adverse pedoclimatic conditions of the country, commercial organic regional livestock would not be possible without emitting very high GHG emissions and just only some traditional livestock species could be farmed in a climate-friendly way. On the other hand, organic and regional low-CO2 emission systems of plant-based products would be possible by implementing innovations in irrigation or other innovations whose GHG emissions must be further studied in the future. Therefore, we conclude that shifting towards more plant-based organic regional products consumption by using climate-friendly irrigation innovations in combination with a decrease in the total meat and dairy consumption and a shift to traditional livestock species farming is a suitable solution to both increasing self-sufficiency and reducing C footprint.
Immediate Outcomes of Traumatic Brain Injury at a Tertiary Care Hospital Of Pakistan- A Retrospective Study
Authors: Khan Maria , Yaqoob Uzair , Hassan Zair , Uddin Muhammad Muizz
Published: October 2020

Background: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) which is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality all over the world and the impact is much worse in Pakistan. The objective of the study is to describe the epidemiological characteristics of patients with TBI in our country and to determine the immediate outcomes of patients with TBI after the presentation.Method: This retrospective study was conducted at the Lady Reading Hospital. Data were extracted from the medical record room from January 1st to December 31st, 2019. The severity of TBI was based on Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and was divided into mild (GCS 13-15), moderate (GCS 9-12), and severe TBI (GCS <8) based on the GCS. SPSS v.23 was used for data analysis. Results: Out of 5047 patients, 3689 (73.1%) males and 1358 (26.9%) females. The most commonly affected age group was 0-10 years (25.6%) and 21-30 years (20.1%). was the predominant cause of injury (38.8%, n=1960) followed by fall (32.7%, n=1649). Most (93.6%, n=4710) of the TBIs were mild. After the full initial assessment and workup, and completing all first-aid management, the immediate outcome was divided into four, most frequent (67.2%, n=3393) of which was “disposed (discharged)”, and 9.3% (n=470) were admitted for further management.Conclusion: Our study represents a relatively conclusive picture of epidemiological data on the burden of TBI in Pakistan. Although a large proportion of patients had a mild TBI, they may likely be under-diagnosed. This warrants for further investigation of MTBI in population-based studies across the globe.
Green Synthesis of Yellow-fluorescent Carbon Nano-Dots for Cancer-Cell Image and Photocatalytic Inactivation by Using Microplasma
Authors: He Jie , Qin Xing , Liu Jinlin , Zhang Qing , Chen Wantao , Zhong Xiaoxia
Published: October 2020

In recent years, multifunctional nanoparticles with combined diagnostic and therapeutic functions show great promise in nanomedicine. In this work, we report the environmentally friendly synthesis of fluorescent carbon nano-dots such as carbon quantum dots (CQDs) by microplasma using o-phenylenediamine. The produced CQDs exhibited a wide absorption peaks at 380-500 nm and emitted bright yellow fluorescence with a peak at 550 nm. The CQDs were rapidly taken up by HeLa cancer cells. When excited under blue light, a bright yellow fluorescence signal and intense reactive oxygen species (ROS) were efficiently produced, enabling simultaneous fluorescent cancer cell imaging and photodynamic inactivation, with a 40% decrease in relative cell viability. Furthermore, the CQDs has 98% cell viability at concentrations of 400 μg·mL-1 in the dark demonstrating excellent biocompatibility. The newlyprepared CQDs are thus demonstrated to be materials that can be effectively for imaging-guided cancer therapy.
Lyophilized powder of mesenchymal stem cell supernatant attenuates acute lung injury through the IL-6–p-STAT3–p63–JAG2 pathway
Authors: Peng Wenjun , Chang Meijia , Wu Yuanyuan , Zhu Wensi , Tong Lin , Zhang Ge , Wang Qin , Liu Jie , Zhu Xiaoping , Cheng Tingting , Li Yijia , Chen Xi , Weng Dong , Liu Sanhong , Zhang Hongwei , Su Yao , Zhou Jian , Li Huayin , Song Yuanlin
Published: October 2020

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may contribute to repair in severe diseases including acute lung injury (ALI). However, applications with MSCs have been restricted due to safety considerations and limitations in terms of large-scale production and industrial delivery. Alternatively, the MSC secretome has been considered promising for use in therapeutic approaches and has been advanced to pre-clinical and clinical trials. Furthermore, the MSC secretome can be freeze-dried into a stable and ready-to-use supernatant lyophilized powder (SLP) form.Methods: Intratracheal bleomycin was used to induce ALI in mice, and intratracheal MSC SLP was delivered as a treatment. Histopathological assessment was achieved by hematoxylin and eosin, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining. Apoptosis, inflammatory infiltration, immunological cell counts, cytokine levels, and mRNA- and protein-expression levels of relevant targets were measured by performing terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assays, determining total cell and protein levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, flow cytometry, multiple cytokine-detection techniques, and reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. Plasma lipid profiles were detected by performing lipidomics analysis.Results: Here, we found that intratracheal MSC SLP considerably promoted cell survival, inhibited epithelial cell apoptosis, attenuated inflammatory cell recruitment, and reversed immunological imbalances induced by bleomycin. MSC SLP inhibited signaling through the interleukin 6–phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway to activate tumor protein 63–jagged 2 signaling in basal cells, suppress T helper 17 cell differentiation, promote p63+ cell proliferation and lung damage repair, and relieve inflammatory responses. Furthermore, MSC SLP significantly reversed changes in plasma lipid profiles caused by bleomycin.Conclusions: MSC SLP ameliorated ALI by activating p63 and promoting p63+ cell proliferation and the repair of damaged epithelial cells. The findings of this study also shed insight into ALI pathogenesis and imply that MSC SLP shows considerable therapeutic promise for treating ALI and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Our findings also suggest that phosphatidylserine has potential for serving as a pharmaceutical or dietary supplement for alleviating ALI.
Kesalahan Mahasiswa dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Matematika pada Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Langsung (Direct Instruction)
Authors: Hastari Ratri Candra , Zuhroh Yuyun Ekawati , Purwanto Purwanto , Susiana Anis
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study is to describe the types of mistakes made by students in solving the problems of education statistics course on the application of direct instruction model. The results of this study are expected to be useful for: helping students to improve and reduce errors on the solution of the problem and can be used as a consideration of lecturers in providing appropriate learning steps to address the error in the solution of problems experienced by students. The research instrument used is a test question. The type of research is qualitative. Data analysis in qualitative research conducted since before, during, and after finished in the field. Based on the results of observations, tests, and interviews, shows that many students made misconceptions. Errors in applying formulas in determining quartiles, variance, standard deviation on single data or classified data. Based on the interview quote obtained data that students have difficulty in understanding the concepts in the education statistics course.
Penerapan Metode Pembelajaran Whole Brain Teaching pada Materi Maple
Authors: Irsyadi Mohamad Khafid , Sari Ayu Silvi Lisvian
Published: October 2020

This research is a Classroom Action Research which aims to describe the application of Whole Brain Teaching learning method to Maple material. The steps of the learning model are as follows: (1) Yes-Class, the lecturer observes the readiness of students in starting the lecture by saying "Class" and if the students are ready to respond by answering "Yes", (2) Micro-Lecture, the lecturer delivers Maple material in Computer course I, (3) Okay-Teach, students repeat the explanations that have been delivered by the lecturer, (4) Scoreboard, the lecturer give an assessment of students responses in repeating lecturers' explanations, (5) Hand and Eyes, the lecturer condition the class when the classroom becomes noisy, and (6) Comprehension Check, lecturer gives exercise. The subjects of this study are students of the second semester, Department of Mathematics Education, Academic year 2018/2019 at STKIP PGRI Blitar. The research instrument was the final cycle test, observation sheet and questionnaire. Based on the results of the end of the cycle test, out of 5 students it was found that 5 students had completed 100% learning with very good criteria. This is in accordance with the success criteria ≥ 80%. From the overall percentage, the average observation of lecturer activities reached 87.09% with good criteria. Meanwhile the overall average percentage of completeness of observations of student activities is 83.46% with good criteria. Based on the questionnaire responses of students obtained an average percentage of 83% with a good success rate. Thus it can be concluded that the research carried out was successful.
Filozofija kao duhovna znanost u Schellingovu srednjem razdoblju
Authors: Smiljanić Ivan
Published: October 2020

U ovom radu prikazuje se razvoj nužne ideje sistema, koji je istinska forma filozofije kao znanosti, onako kako je to izvedeno u srednjem razdoblju Schellingove misli, osobito u okviru njegovih Erlangenskih predavanja iz 1821. godine. Schelling prikazuje kako apsolutni subjekt, krećući se od jednoga obličja znanja prema drugomu, gradi totalni sistem uzdignut ponad svih partikularnih sistema i tako stječe samospoznaju koja je pravi sadržaj filozofije kao znanosti. Istinsko filozofijsko znanje opire se kretanju apsolutnoga subjekta, čime se čovječja svijest kao princip partikularne svijesti izgrađuje kao svijest apsolutnog subjekta koji je princip univerzalne svijesti. Samo filozofija kao znanost može čovjeka voditi i dovesti do najvišega znanja o svijesti apsolutnoga subjekta kao njegove vlastite svijesti.
Misliti revoluciju kao stvaranje univerzalnog – neetatističkog, nepredstavničkog, neidentitetnog – prostora politike ‘za sve
Authors: Zdravković Lana
Published: October 2020

U radu se razmatra mogućnost mišljenja i prakticiranja revolucionarne politike u suvremeno doba, kroz osvrt na naslijeđe revolucionarne misli prakse 20. stoljeća te revolucionarne događaje u 21. stoljeću koji eksperimentiraju s konstitucijom revolucionarne moći bez zauzimanja vlasti. Izlazeći iz povijesne situacije obilježene tvrdnjom da revolucija ‘jede svoju djecu’, tvrdim kako istinska revolucija ne znači preuzimanje vlasti, već suprotno, ukidanje instance koncentrirane moći. Revoluciju treba nanovo osmisliti te je postaviti na kartu povijesti kao emancipacijski proces uspostavljanja politike jednakosti, što znači stvaranje univerzalnog – neetatističkog, nepredstavničkog, neidentitetnog – prostora politike ‘za sve’ odnosno za ‘bilo koga’, bez Drugoga. To pretpostavlja osmišljavanje i redefiniranje revolucionarnog subjekta, revolucionarne metode i revolucionarne organizacije.
Pérdida de suelo y modificación de escurrimientos causados por el cambio de uso de la tierra en la cuenca del río Conchos, Chihuahua
Authors: Martínez Sifuentes Aldo Rafael , Villanueva Díaz José , Estrada Ávalos Juan , Vázquez Vázquez Cirilo , Orona Castillo Ignacio
Published: October 2020

Introducción: El cambio de la cobertura original de suelo y la erosión consecuente, son problemas comunes en la cuenca del río Conchos, con un impacto directo para más de 1.3 millones de habitantes. El problema se acentúa con la tala desmedida, los incendios, la sobreexplotación y la contaminación del agua superficial y subterránea. Así mismo, acorde a los pronósticos de cambio climático, se prevé una pérdida de biodiversidad y modificación del régimen hidrológico en esta importante cuenca productora de agua.Método Se evaluó la cobertura reflejada por diferentes usos de suelo mediante el software ERDAS Imagine V 2014; a su vez, la pérdida potencial de suelos se analizó espacialmente, mediante la Ecuación Universal de Pérdida de Suelo (EUPS) y la cuantificación de escurrimiento, de acuerdo con la norma oficial mexicana NOM-011-CNA-2000.Resultados y discusión: Se determinó reducción en la cubierta forestal y la zona de pastizal, detectándose un notorio incremento de superficie en zonas agrícolas y matorrales. La erosión hídrica mostró una tendencia fluctuante, donde la clase más severa de pérdida fue de 0.02 y 0.008 tm ha-1 para los años de 1980 y 2000, y aumento de 0.01 para 2018. Los volúmenes de escurrimiento máximo para 1980, fueron de 348.38 M m3 con reducción de 137.36 M m3 para el 2000, y con aumento significativo para 2018 de 743.08 M m3.Conclusiones: El uso de información climática procedente de datos asimilados, permitió detectar espacialmente los procesos de pérdida de suelo y volúmenes de escurrimiento superficial, siendo el año 2018 el más susceptible a erosión de suelo, con 1689.15 hectáreas (ha) afectadas, y con un volumen de escurrimiento medio de 379.17 M m3. De acuerdo con el hidrograma en ciertos años, las altas precipitaciones no precisan grandes volúmenes, debido a que son lecturas in situ; sin embargo, a través del presente estudio se detectaron espacialmente las zonas afectadas, donde el cambio de uso de suelo y las precipitaciones sí modifican las condiciones, lo que permitirá un mejor control y conservación de los recursos naturales.
Human water contact patterns in active schistosomiasis endemic areas
Authors: Oso O. G. , Odaibo A. B.
Published: October 2020

One major risk factor common to individuals in schistosomiasis endemic areas is water contact patterns. Effort to determine the dynamics in water contact patterns in different regions needs utmost attention in order to suggest a better control strategy for schistosome infection. Quantitative observations on human water contact activities were recorded in Yewa North Local Government Area of Ogun State for a period of two years. Frequency and duration of observed water contact activities were recorded. Males had the highest water contact during the rainy season with 51.1% compared to females with 48.9%. Females had the highest water contact with 51.0% while males had 49.0% during the dry season. The age group 10–19 years had the highest water contact with 27.1%, this was followed by 20–29 years and 30–39 years age groups with 23.6% and 22.1%, respectively, during the rainy season. Our results showed that water contact activities differ with respect to different communities, sex and age groups. Previous high prevalence of schistosome infection in the study areas could be attributed to high water contact activities. Therefore, provision of adequate pipe-borne water, good sanitation and improved knowledge on schistosome life cycle among the community members will reduce the high rate of human water contacts.
Development of scour around a circular pier and its modelling using genetic algorithm
Authors: Pandey Manish , Zakwan Mohammad , Khan Mohammad Amir , Bhave Swati
Published: October 2020

This paper deals with generalized scour estimation to investigate maximum scour depth at equilibrium scour condition using experimental data obtained from experiments conducted by the authors along with data of previous researchers. Three hundred experimental data were used to derive the generalized clear water scour relationship around circular a bridge pier by using genetic algorithm (GA) and multiple linear regression (MLR) techniques. The GA-based maximum scour depth relationship showed more precise results than MLR. In addition, the present GA and MLR relationships were compared with some equations developed by earlier researchers. Graphically and statistically, it was observed that the GA and MLR relationships provide better agreement with experimental data as compared to earlier relationships. The present study highlights that the GA approach could be effectively used for estimation of maximum scour depth prediction around the bridge pier.
Recent Progress in Saikosaponin Biosynthesis in Bupleurum
Authors: Sui Chun , Han Wen-Jing , Zhu Chu-Ran , Wei Jian-He
Published: October 2020

Background:

Chaihu is a popular traditional Chinese medicine that has been used for centuries.
It is traditionally used to treat cold fever and liver-related diseases. Saikosaponins (SSs) are one of
the main active components of chaihu, in addition to essential oils, flavonoids, and polysaccharides. Considerable
effort is needed to reveal the biosynthesis and regulation of SSs on the basis of current progress.

Objective:

The aim of this study is to provide a reference for further studies and arouse attention by
summarizing the recent achievements of SS biosynthesis.

Methods:

All the data compiled and presented here were obtained from various online resources, such
as PubMed Scopus and Baidu Scholar in Chinese, up to October 2019.

Results:

A few genes of the enzymes of SSs participating in the biosynthesis of SSs were isolated.
Among these genes, only the P450 gene was verified to catalyze the SS skeleton β-amyrin synthase.
Several UDP-glycosyltransferase genes were predicted to be involved in the biosynthesis of SSs. SSs
could be largely biosynthesized in the phloem and then transported from the protoplasm, which is the
biosynthetic site, to the vacuoles to avoid self-poisoning. As for the other secondary metabolites, the
biosynthesis of SSs was strongly affected by environmental factors and the different species belonging
to the genus of Bupleurum. Transcriptional regulation was studied at the molecular level.

Conclusion:

Profound discoveries in SSs may elucidate the mechanism of diverse the monomer formation
of SSs and provide a reference for maintaining the stability of SS content in Radix Bupleuri.
New Heterocyclic Compounds: Synthesis, Antioxidant Activity and Computational Insights of Nano-Antioxidant as Ascorbate Peroxidase Inhibitor by Various Cyclodextrins as Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Kaddouri Yassine , Abrigach Farid , Yousfi El Bekaye , Hammouti Belkheir , El Kodadi Mohamed , Alsalme Ali , Al-Zaqri Nabil , Warad Ismail , Touzani Rachid
Published: October 2020

Aim:

The synthesis of seven new antioxidant agents based on the combination of thiazole,
pyridine, triazole and pyrazole moieties. The studies of their antioxidant activity using DPPH
reduction method. The DFT analysis of the 7 ligands. The docking study was also investigated.
The better binding affinity with α-cyclodextrin as best drug delivery system.

Background:

The screening of new antioxidant compounds and find the good mechanism for binding
sites, with correlating between experience and computer theory.

Objectives:

The DFT analysis of the 7 synthesized ligands.The docking study was also investigated
by using the amino acids Ala167 and Arg172. The better binding affinity with α-cyclodextrin as
best drug delivery system.

Methods:

The studies of their antioxidant activity using DPPH reduction method.

Result:

Chemistry: synthesis of 7 ligands by condensation reaction with 89% yield. Antioxidant
activities using DPPH reduction with a good value IC50=13.05 ± 3.73 μg/ml. Using DFT (EHOMO
and ELUMO) and Docking APX with the amino acids Ala167 and Arg172 compared to the
ascorbic acid. Correlation between all these properties. α-cyclodextrin as best drug delivery system
(better binding affinity than caffeic acid).

Conclusion:

For the drug delivery study, The ACD is best system for all the compounds due to the
smallest cavity size which makes the binding affinities favorable and possible to prepare prospective
nano-antioxidants.
The Effect of Dual-Task Testing on Balance and Gait Performance in Adults with Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review
Authors: Omana Humberto , Madou Edward , Montero-Odasso Manuel , Payne Michael , Viana Ricardo , Hunter Susan
Published: October 2020

Background:

Individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) are susceptible to balance, gait and cognitive impairments. Importantly, diabetes affects executive function, a set of cognitive processes critical to everyday cortical function and mobility. Reduced executive function is a risk factor for falls in people with DM. Dual-task testing, the completion of two tasks at once, enables the examination of the cognitive-mobility relationship. A synthesis of the literature on the effects of dual-task testing on the balance and gait of individuals with DM has not been performed.

Objective:

To systematically review the literature on the effect of dual-task testing on balance and gait in people with DM.

Methods:

Databases EMBASE, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science were searched (inception-April 2020). Inclusion criteria: participants were adults with a diagnosis of DM, instrumented dual-task balance and/or gait was assessed, and articles were published in English.

Results:

Ten articles met inclusion criteria- three examined dual-task balance and seven dual-task gait. In people with DM with or without peripheral neuropathy, dual-task resulted in larger sway velocities during standing tests. Individuals with DM and peripheral neuropathy had impaired dual-task gait; specifically, and more consistently, reduced pace and rhythm compared to controls or people with DM without peripheral neuropathy.

Conclusion:

The findings support a compromise in the cognitive-mobility relationship of people with DM, and especially in those with peripheral neuropathy. Future research should continue to examine the cognitive-mobility relationship in order to understand the increased prevalence of falls in this population.
Cardiovascular Risk Calculators and their Applicability to South Asians
Authors: Bansal Manish , Ranjan Shraddha , Kasliwal Ravi R.
Published: October 2020

Background:

Estimation of absolute cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and tailoring therapies according to the estimated risk is a fundamental concept in the primary prevention of CVD is assessed in this study. Numerous CVD risk scores are currently available for use in various populations but unfortunately, none exist for South Asians who have much higher CVD risk as compared to their western counterparts.

Methods:

A literature search was done using PubMed and Google search engines to prepare a narrative review on this topic.

Results:

Various currently available CVD risk scores and their pros and cons are summarized. The studies performed in native as well as migrant South Asians evaluating the accuracy of these risk scores for estimation of CVD risk are also summarized. The findings of these studies have generally been inconsistent, but it appears that the British risk scores (e.g. QRISK versions) may be more accurate because of inclusion of migrant South Asians in the derivation of these risk scores. However, the lack of any prospective study precludes our ability to draw any firm conclusions. Finally, the potential solution to these challenges, including the role of recalibration and subclinical atherosclerosis imaging, is also discussed.

Conclusions:

This review highlights the need to develop large, representative, prospectively followed databases of South Asians providing information on various CVD risk factors and their contribution to incident CVD. Such databases will not only allow the development of validated CVD risk scores for South Asians but will also enable application of machine-learning approaches to provide personalized solutions to CVD risk assessment and management in these populations.
Identification of HDACs Inhibitor E14 Metabolites Appeared in Rat Plasma, Feces and Urine by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS
Authors: Yang Juqin , Yang Zhuang , Tang Minghai , Ye Haoyu , Wan Li
Published: October 2020

Background:

The activation or overexpression of histone deacetylases (HDACs) are associated
with the development of numerous cancers. The importance of HDACs in new anticancer
therapeutic strategies has led researchers to develop promising anticancer drugs, design, and synthesis
of novel HDACs inhibitors are also in progress. E14 was synthesized and acted as a selective inhibitor
of HDACs I.

Methods:

We develop a sensitive UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS method to discover the new phase Ⅰ and Ⅱ metabolites of E14 from complex biological matrices in plasma, feces and urine of rats. Then a strategy comparing samples after administration with blank samples was applied to distinguish metabolites. The accurate measurements of the product ions obtained by high-resolution mass spectrometry, the structure of the parent drug and its detected metabolites are used to verify its fragmentation pathway and to obtain the proposed structure of the metabolites.

Results:

Fourteen metabolites were tentatively identified, including twelve metabolites in urine, five in plasma and one metabolite in feces. Hydroxylation, oxidation, methylation, N-demethylation, dehydration, glucuronidation, dehydroxylation and hydrolysis were the main metabolic pathways of E14.

Conclusion:

E14 is a drug with a variety of metabolites and metabolic pathways. E14 metabolites was excreted most in urine, indicating the main metabolic organ was kidney.
Role and Services of a Pharmacist in the Prevention of Medication Errors: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gillani Syed Wasif , Gulam Shabaz Mohiuddin , Thomas Dixon , Gebreighziabher Fithawit Bahran , Al-Salloum Jumana , Assadi Rizah Anwar , Sam Kishore Gnana
Published: October 2020

Objective:

This systematic review aims to investigate the role and responsibilities of
pharmacists in the prevention of medication errors. The study also aims to evaluate pharmacist-centered
strategies that have an impact on medication error reduction and prevention.

Methods:

A search was conducted through the following databases PubMed Central, Scopus, Trip,
Prospero, Medline and Google Scholar using terms related to “medication errors prevention” or
“pharmacist-related errors”. Other search terms included “pharmacist(s)”, “prevention”, “medication
error(s)”, “dispensing error(s)”, “drug incidence(s)”, “medication malpractice(s)”. Included
studies were prospective and retrospective cohort, case-control and cross-sectional full-text studies
published in the last 10 years (2010-2020). The review team screened the articles for inclusion criteria
and evaluated the quality of the articles. The PRISMA guidelines were used to report the selected
articles and screening process. Then, the articles were sent to a third independent reviewer for
the quality assessment using the STROBE Checklist.

Results:

A clinical pharmacist’s duties are to supervise the medication treatment of admitted patients
and to notify the healthcare team when a discrepancy is found. A total of seven reviewed
studies highlighted the importance and positive impact of increasing the number of clinical pharmacist’s
interventions. Literature showed that an average of 64.9% of medication discrepancies happen
during patient discharge, highlighting the necessity of a clinical pharmacist intervention at that
stage. The systematic review focused on the significant impact of clinical pharmacists’ role in preventing
errors (studies reported=5); encouraging pharmacist-led education to increase medication
error awareness (studies reported =5), incorporating better and innovative pharmacy-related work
approaches (studies reported =4); and implementing appropriate and secured policies for medication
error reporting (studies reported =1). The screened literature highlighted the significant reduction
in the number of medication errors and an increase in medication error identification and
awareness. These findings suggest the crucial role of a pharmacist in healthcare policies for the prevention
of medication errors and patient safety.

Conclusion:

This systematic review suggests multiple pharmacist-centered strategies that have
been implemented in several studies showing the positive impact on the reduction and prevention
of medication errors commenced by not only the pharmacist but the rest of the healthcare team.
Viburnum nervosum Leaf Extract Mediated Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: A Viable Approach to Increase the Efficacy of an Anticancer Drug
Authors: Zahoor Irfana , Jan Farhat , Sharma Ujjawal , Sahu Kiran , Sharma Amita , Pareek Shalini , Shrivastava Divya , Bisen Prakash S.
Published: October 2020

Background::

There is an urgent need to devise improved alternatives for the efficient delivery of drugs to develop improved therapeutic interventions against cancers. Nanotechnology based drug delivery vehicles are in-use with obvious issues of toxicity and bio-distribution. Therefore, green synthetic routes are being deployed to replace the conventional nanoparticle formulations for effective drug delivery aiming at developing interventional strategies against cancer.

Objective::

A simple, viable and fast approach was used for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous leaf-extract of Viburnum nervosum (VN) and to explore the anti-cancer potential of the crude extract of VN.

Methods::

Silver NPs were synthesized by reacting silver nitrate (AgNO3) with leaf extract of VN. Various analytical
techniques were used to characterize the AgNPs. Finally, the anti-cancer potential of VN was observed
when delivered through AgNPs.

Results::

The surface plasmon spectra for AgNPs exhibited absorbance peak at 445 nm, and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy investigation revealed presence of biomolecules acting as an effective reducing and capping agent for converting silver nitrate to AgNPs. Further, our results suggest the spherical size of synthesized AgNPs ranging from 12-17 nm. Moreover, in vitro studies conducted for VN extract with breast (MCF-7) and epidermal carcinoma (A431) cells showed biocompatibility.

Conclusion::

Doxorubicin loaded AgNPs documented an increased bioavailability of drug compared to the free drug, suggesting the use of AgNPs as “novel drug delivery vectors”.
Amine Structure-Foam Behavior Relationship and Its Predictive Foam Model Used for Amine Selection for Design of Amine-based Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Capture Process
Authors: Muchan Pailin , Narku-Tetteh Jessica , Supap Teeradet , Idem Raphael
Published: October 2020

Background:

The use of an amine solution to capture CO2 from flue gases is one of the
methods applied commercially to clean up the exhaust gas stream of a power plant. One of the
issues in this process is foaming which should be known in order to select a suitable amine for
design.

Objectives:

In this work, all possible types of amines used for CO2 capture, namely, alkanolamines,
sterically hindered alkanolamines, multi-alkylamines and cyclic amines, were investigated to elucidate
their chemical structure–foaming relationships.

Methods:

Foam volume produced by each type of 2M amine solution with its equilibrium CO2
loading was measured at 40°C using 94 mL/min of N2 flow.

Results:

Amines with a higher number or a longer chain of the alkyl group exhibited higher foam
volume because of alkyl group’s ability to decrease the surface tension while increasing the viscosity
of the solution. An increase in the number of hydroxyl or amino groups in the amine led to the
reduction of foam formation due to the increase in surface tension and a decrease in viscosity of the
solution. The predictive foam models for non-cyclic and cyclic-amines developed based on the
structural variations, surface tension and viscosity of 29 amines predicted the foam volume very
well with average absolute deviations (AAD) of 12.7 and 0.001%, respectively. The model accurately
predicted the foam volume of BDEA, which was not used in model development with 13.3
%AD.

Conclusion:

This foam model is, therefore, indispensable in selecting a suitable amine for an
amine-based CO2 capture plant design and operation.
The Impact of Material Positioning Towards the Friction Stir Welded Dissimilar Aluminium Alloy Joints
Authors: Msomi Velaphi , Mabuwa Sipokazi
Published: October 2020

Background:

Friction stir welding is an advanced process that could be used to join dissimilar
materials and alloys. However, there are some areas that require some further analysis. This involves
the impact of the material positioning on various dissimilar joints.

Objective:

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of material positioning on the microstructure
and the mechanical properties of AA8011/AA6082 and AA6082/AA8011 dissimilar
joints.

Methods:

The materials used in this study were the 6mm thick AA8011 and AA6082-T6 plates. The
welding conditions include a tool rotational speed of 1100 rpm, and a traverse speed of 60 mm/min.
Microstructural analysis, Vickers hardness and tensile tests were conducted in order to be able to draw
a comparison between the respective joints.

Results:

The joints (AA8011/AA6082 and AA6082/AA8011) both experienced dynamic recrystallization.
The positioning of the stronger strength alloy on the advancing side resulted in finer microstructural
grains compared to when the lower strength alloy was positioned on the advancing side. The
maximum stir zone hardness of 75 HV was obtained on the AA8011/AA6082 dissimilar joint, while
the AA6082/AA8011 had a minimum hardness of 68 HV. Both hardness values were lower than the
AA6082 hardness but greater than that of the AA8011. The positioning of AA6082 on the advancing side
resulted in higher ultimate tensile strength than when AA8011 was on the advancing side. The
AA6082/AA8011 joint was found to be more ductile in comparison to the AA8011/AA6082 joint. The
fracture surface morphology of the post tensile specimens also revealed a ductile failure morphology.

Conclusion:

Placing the stronger strength alloy on the advancing side resulted in sound overall results of the tests
conducted.
Assembly Sequence Planning: A Review
Authors: Zhang Han-Ye
Published: October 2020

Background:

Assembly Sequence Planning (ASP) is an important stage in the process of
product design and manufacturing. A reasonable assembly sequence can reduce the complexity of
assembly operations, reduce the number of tools and fixtures, improve assembly efficiency, reduce
assembly time, and reduce assembly costs.

Methods:

The purpose of this paper is to review the objective function, constraint conditions, and the
solving methods of the ASP.

Conclusion:

The research methods can be roughly divided into three categories: graph-based method,
knowledge-based method, and artificial intelligence algorithm. The advantages and disadvantages
of the three methods are compared. Finally, future research is discussed, which could provide
a reference for the ASP.
Character education in the 21st century
Authors: Singh Balraj
Published: October 2020

Character education is a growing discipline in recent times with the intent of optimizing student’s ethical behaviour. The outcome of character education has been seen in the continuous encouragement and preparation of a solid background of the leaders of tomorrow. The promotion of character education should not just be that of   lip service but should be followed-up with a concrete action plan that will stand the test of time. In other words, education policy should take the lead to actualize moral education. The stakeholders, including parent and Administrators should join hands and work together in making sure that the student’s exhibit good conduct and character in all aspects of their lives.  The outline of this paper was to identify and define the place of character education in our education system reviewing of the Character Education Partnership’s (hereafter CEP) eleven (11) principles of character education in the future, The Classroom/Activity-Based Character Education Program Implementation and finally the Models of Character Education: Perspectives and Developmental Issues, teaching Strategies and benefits of character education were also discussed.Keywords: character education, 21st century, teaching
Pornography in print media: Legal review of pornographic content on Mantra Tabloid in Indonesia
Authors: Supadiyanto Supadiyanto
Published: October 2020

Cases of pornography are rife in various media, including print media, into severe problems because pornographic content harms public behavior. Especially for teenagers and children. The main problem is: what is the legal review of pornographic content in the Mantra Tabloid? The research paradigm uses quantitative—data collection techniques by content analysis, documentation, and literature review. Two types of data are processed: primary data (document Mantra Tabloid of 170th Edition) and secondary data (literature study). The result, Tabloid Mantra legitimately contain pornographic content. The women exposed in the Mantra Tabloid became the object of sex as well as victims. The result of content analysis from Tabloid Mantra is corroborated by the Press Council's decision, which gives sanction (written warning). In the future, the research results should be followed up by a lawsuit against the managers of Tabloid Mantra through the court.