bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pressurized Solvent Extraction of Paulownia Bark Phenolics
Authors: Rodríguez-Seoane Paula , Díaz-Reinoso Beatriz , Domínguez Herminia
Published: January 2022

Paulownia bark is mostly utilized jointly with wood, but the possibility of a separate valorization through the pressurized extraction of bark bioactives has been assessed. Subcritical water extraction and supercritical CO2 extraction are green technologies allowing shorter times than conventional solvent extraction under atmospheric shaken conditions. Subcritical water extraction was carried out at temperatures ranging from 140 to 240 °C and supercritical CO2 extraction was performed at different pressures (10, 20 and 30 MPa), temperatures (35, 45 and 55 °C) and ethanol concentrations (0, 10 and 15% (w/w)). Subcritical water extraction under a non-isothermal operation during heating up to 160 °C (19 min) provided extraction yields up to 30%, and the extracts contained up to 7% total phenolics with an ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) radical scavenging capacity equivalent to 35% the activity of Trolox, whereas at 240 °C, the yield decreased to 20%, but the phenolic content reached 21%, and the antiradical activity was equivalent to 85% of Trolox. Supercritical CO2 extraction at 30 MPa, 45 °C and 30 min reached a global yield of 2% after 180 min of extraction, but the product showed very low antiradical capacity. Gallic acid, vanillic acid, vanillin and apigenin were the major phenolic compounds found in the extracts.
The Wound-Healing Effect of Mango Peel Extract on Incision Wounds in a Murine Model
Authors: Espinosa-Espinosa Lesslie , Garduño-Siciliano Leticia , Rodriguez-Canales Mario , Hernandez-Portilla Luis Barbo , Canales-Martinez Maria Margarita , Rodriguez-Monroy Marco Aurelio
Published: January 2022

Mangifera indica can generate up to 60% of polluting by-products, including peels. However, it has been shown that flavonoids and mangiferin are mainly responsible for the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities closely related to the wound-healing process. The chemical composition of MEMI (methanolic extract of M. indica) was analyzed by HPLC-DAD, as well as concentrations of total phenol (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) and antioxidant activity (SA50). Wound-healing efficacy was determined by measurements of wound contraction, histological analysis, and tensiometric method; moreover, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and acute dermal toxicity (OECD 402) were also evaluated. Phenol, resorcinol, conjugated resorcinol, and mangiferin were detected. TPC, TFC, and SA50 were 136 mg GAE/g, 101.66 mg QE/g, and 36.33 µg/mL, respectively. Tensile strength and wound contraction closure did not show significant differences between MEMI and dexpanthenol groups. Histological analysis (after 14 days) shows a similar architecture between MEMI treatment and normal skin. MEMI exhibits a reduction in edema. Staphylococcus epidermidis had an MIC of 2 mg/mL, while Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli reached 4 mg/mL. The MEMI showed no signs of toxicity. Therefore, this study demonstrates multiple targets that flavonoids and mangiferin of MEMI may present during the healing process.
Cobalt Element Effect of Ternary Mesoporous Cerium Lanthanum Solid Solution for the Catalytic Conversion of Methanol and CO2 into Dimethyl Carbonate
Authors: Li Xu , Shi Hua , Gu Yunhan , Cheng Qingyan , Wang Yanji
Published: January 2022

A citric acid ligand assisted self-assembly method is used for the synthesis of ternary mesoporous cerium lanthanum solid solution doped with metal elements (Co, Zr, Mg). Their textural property was characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, N2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and TPD techniques, and so on. The results of catalytic testing for synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from CH3OH and CO2 indicated that the DMC yield reached 316 mmol/g on Ce-La-Co solid solution when the reaction temperature was 413 K and the reaction pressure was 8.0 MPa. It was found that Co had synergistic effect with La and Ce, doping of Co on the mesoporous Ce-La solid solution was helpful to increase the surface area of the catalyst, promote CO2 adsorption and activation, and improve the redox performance of solid solution catalyst. The conversion of Co2+ to Co3+ resulted in the continuous redox cycle between Ce4+ and Ce3+, and the oxygen vacancy content of the catalyst was increased. Studies have shown that the catalytic performance of Ce-La-Co solid solution is positively correlated with oxygen vacancy content. On this basis, the reaction mechanism of DMC synthesis from CO2 and CH3OH on the catalyst was speculated.
Bioactivity and Mycochemical Profile of Extracts from Mycelial Cultures of Ganoderma spp.
Authors: Sułkowska-Ziaja Katarzyna , Zengin Gokhan , Gunia-Krzyżak Agnieszka , Popiół Justyna , Szewczyk Agnieszka , Jaszek Magdalena , Rogalski Jerzy , Muszyńska Bożena
Published: January 2022

Fungal mycelium cultures are an alternative to natural sources in order to obtain valuable research materials. They also enable constant control and adaptation of the process, thereby leading to increased biomass growth and accumulation of bioactive metabolites. The present study aims to assess the biosynthetic potential of mycelial cultures of six Ganoderma species: G. adspersum, G. applanatum, G. carnosum, G. lucidum, G. pfeifferi, and G. resinaceum. The presence of phenolic acids, amino acids, indole compounds, sterols, and kojic acid in biomass extracts was determined by HPLC. The antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the extracts and their effects on the inhibition of selected enzymes (tyrosinase and acetylcholinesterase) were also evaluated. The total content of phenolic acids in the extracts ranged from 5.8 (G. carnosum) to 114.07 mg/100 g dry weight (d.w.) (G. pfeifferi). The total content of indole compounds in the extracts ranged from 3.03 (G. carnosum) to 11.56 mg/100 g d.w. (G. lucidum) and that of ergosterol ranged from 28.15 (G. applanatum) to 74.78 mg/100 g d.w. (G. adspersum). Kojic acid was found in the extracts of G. applanatum and G. lucidum. The tested extracts showed significant antioxidant activity. The results suggest that the analyzed mycelial cultures are promising candidates for the development of new dietary supplements or pharmaceutical preparations.
Vibrational Study (Raman, SERS, and IR) of Plant Gallnut Polyphenols Related to the Fabrication of Iron Gall Inks
Authors: Espina Alba , Sanchez-Cortes Santiago , Jurašeková Zuzana
Published: January 2022

FT-Raman, FTIR, and SERS spectra of the structurally related gallnut polyphenols tannic acid, gallic acid, pyrogallol, and syringic acid are reported in this work aiming at performing a comparative assignation of the bands and finding specific marker features that can identify these compounds in complex polyphenol mixtures. Tannic and gallic acids are the principal components in oak gallnuts, and they can be found in iron gall inks. The different functional groups existing in these molecules and their spatial distribution lead to slight changes of the vibrations. The Raman spectra are dominated by bands corresponding to the ring vibrations, but the substituents in the ring strongly affect these vibrations. In contrast, the FTIR spectra of these molecules are dominated by the peripheral oxygen-containing substituents of the aromatic ring and afford complementary information. SERS spectroscopy can be used to analyze trace amounts of these compounds, but the spectra of these polyphenols show strong changes in comparison with the Raman spectra, indicating a strong interaction with the metal. The most significant modification observed in the SERS spectra of these compounds is the weakening of the benzene 8a ring vibration and the subsequent intensification of the 19a mode of the benzene ring. This mode is also more intense in the FTIR spectra, and its intensification in the SERS spectra could be related to a drastic change in the molecular polarizability associated with the interaction of the polyphenol with the metal in Ag NPs.
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers-Hydrogels System for Drug Delivery: Nanohybrid Technology Perspective
Authors: Syed Azhar Sharifah Nurfadhlin Afifah , Ashari Siti Efliza , Zainuddin Norhazlin , Hassan Masriana
Published: January 2022

Advanced hybrid component development in nanotechnology provides superior functionality in the application of scientific knowledge for the drug delivery industry. The purpose of this paper is to review important nanohybrid perspectives in drug delivery between nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) and hydrogel systems. The hybrid system may result in the enhancement of each component’s synergistic properties in the mechanical strength of the hydrogel and concomitantly decrease aggregation of the NLC. The significant progress in nanostructured lipid carriers–hydrogels is reviewed here, with an emphasis on their preparation, potential applications, advantages, and underlying issues associated with these exciting materials.
Response Surface Methodology (RSM)-Based Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Sennoside A, Sennoside B, Aloe-Emodin, Emodin, and Chrysophanol from Senna alexandrina (Aerial Parts): HPLC-UV and Antioxidant Analysis
Authors: Alam Perwez , Noman Omar M. , Herqash Rashed N. , Almarfadi Omer M. , Akhtar Ali , Alqahtani Ali S.
Published: January 2022

In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions were optimized to maximize the yields of sennoside A, sennoside B, aloe-emodin, emodin, and chrysophanol from S. alexandrina (aerial parts). The three UAE factors, extraction temperature (S1), extraction time (S2), and liquid to solid ratio (S3), were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). A Box–Behnken design was used for experimental design and phytoconstituent analysis was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography-UV. The optimal extraction conditions were found to be a 64.2 °C extraction temperature, 52.1 min extraction time, and 25.2 mL/g liquid to solid ratio. The experimental values of sennoside A, sennoside B, aloe-emodin, emodin, and chrysophanol (2.237, 12.792, 2.457, 0.261, and 1.529%, respectively) agreed with those predicted (2.152, 12.031, 2.331, 0.214, and 1.411%, respectively) by RSM models, thus demonstrating the appropriateness of the model used and the accomplishment of RSM in optimizing the extraction conditions. Excellent antioxidant properties were exhibited by S. alexandrina methanol extract obtained using the optimized extraction conditions with a DPPH assay (IC50 = 59.7 ± 1.93, µg/mL) and ABTS method (47.2 ± 1.40, µg/mL) compared to standard ascorbic acid.
Integrated Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Differential Mechanism of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Two Cultivars of Angelica sinensis
Authors: Zhu Tiantian , Zhang Minghui , Su Hongyan , Li Meiling , Wang Yuanyuan , Jin Ling , Li Mengfei
Published: January 2022

Angelica sinensis is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant that has been primarily used as a blood tonic. It largely relies on its bioactive metabolites, which include ferulic acid, volatile oils, polysaccharides and flavonoids. In order to improve the yield and quality of A. sinensis, the two cultivars Mingui 1 (M1), with a purple stem, and Mingui 2 (M2), with a green stem, have been selected in the field. Although a higher root yield and ferulic acid content in M1 than M2 has been observed, the differences of flavonoid biosynthesis and stem-color formation are still limited. In this study, the contents of flavonoids and anthocyanins were determined by spectrophotometer, the differences of flavonoids and transcripts in M1 and M2 were conducted by metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis, and the expression level of candidate genes was validated by qRT-PCR. The results showed that the contents of flavonoids and anthocyanins were 1.5- and 2.6-fold greater in M1 than M2, respectively. A total of 26 differentially accumulated flavonoids (DAFs) with 19 up-regulated (UR) and seven down-regulated (DR) were obtained from the 131 identified flavonoids (e.g., flavonols, flavonoid, isoflavones, and anthocyanins) in M1 vs. M2. A total 2210 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained from the 34,528 full-length isoforms in M1 vs. M2, and 29 DEGs with 24 UR and 5 DR were identified to be involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, with 25 genes (e.g., CHS1, CHI3, F3H, DFR, ANS, CYPs and UGTs) mapped on the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway and four genes (e.g., RL1, RL6, MYB90 and MYB114) belonging to transcription factors. The differential accumulation level of flavonoids is coherent with the expression level of candidate genes. Finally, the network of DAFs regulated by DEGs was proposed. These findings will provide references for flavonoid production and cultivars selection of A. sinensis.
Characterization of the Volatile Compounds in Camellia oleifera Seed Oil from Different Geographic Origins
Authors: Wang Jing , Tang Xuxiao , Chu Qiulu , Zhang Mengyu , Zhang Yingzhong , Xu Baohua
Published: January 2022

Volatile flavor of edible oils is an important quality index and factor affecting consumer choice. The purpose of this investigation was to characterize virgin Camellia oleifera seed oil (VCO) samples from different locations in southern China in terms of their volatile compounds to show the classification of VCO with respect to geography. Different samples from 20 producing VCO regions were collected in 2020 growing season, at almost the same maturity stage, and processed under the same conditions. Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) with a gas chromatography–mass spectrometer system (GC–MS) was used to analyze volatile compounds. A total of 348 volatiles were characterized, including aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, acids, esters, alkenes, alkanes, furans, phenols, and benzene; the relative contents ranged from 7.80–58.68%, 1.73–12.52%, 2.91–37.07%, 2.73–46.50%, 0.99–12.01%, 0.40–14.95%, 0.00–27.23%, 0.00–3.75%, 0.00–7.34%, and 0.00–1.55%, respectively. The VCO geographical origins with the largest number of volatile compounds was Xixiangtang of Guangxi (L17), and the least was Beireng of Hainan (L19). A total of 23 common and 98 unique volatile compounds were detected that reflected the basic and characteristic flavor of VCO, respectively. After PCA, heatmap and PLS-DA analysis, Longchuan of Guangdong (L8), Qingshanhu of Jiangxi (L16), and Panlong of Yunnan (L20) were in one group where the annual average temperatures are relatively low, where annual rainfalls are also low. Guangning of Guangdong (L6), Yunan of Guangdong (L7), Xingning of Guangdong (L9), Tianhe of Guangdong (L10), Xuwen of Guangdong (L11), and Xiuying of Hainan (L18) were in another group where the annual average temperatures are relatively high, and the altitudes are low. Hence, volatile compound distributions confirmed the differences among the VCO samples from these geographical areas, and the provenance difference evaluation can be carried out by flavor.
Tunisian Native Mentha pulegium L. Extracts: Phytochemical Composition and Biological Activities
Authors: Jebali Jed , Ghazghazi Hanene , Aouadhi Chedia , ELBini-Dhouib Ines , Ben Salem Ridha , Srairi-Abid Najet , Marrakchi Naziha , Rigane Ghayth
Published: January 2022

Mint species (Lamiaceae family) have been used as traditional remedies for the treatment of several diseases. In this work, we aimed to characterize the biological activities of the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of Mentha pulegium L. extracts collected from two different regions of Tunisia. The highest amounts of total phenols (74.45 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g DW), flavonoids (28.87 ± 0.02 mg RE/g DW), and condensed tannins (4.35 ± 0.02 mg CE/g DW) were found in the Bizerte locality. Methanolic leaf extracts were subjected to HPLC-UV analysis in order to identify and quantify the phenolic composition. This technique allowed us to identify seven phenolic compounds: two phenolic acids and five flavonoid compounds, such as eriocitrin, hesperidin, narirutin, luteolin, and isorhoifolin, which were found in both extracts with significant differences between samples collected from the different regions (p < 0.05). Furthermore, our results showed that the methanolic extract from leaves collected from Bizerte had the highest antioxidant activities (DPPH IC50 value of 16.31 μg/mL and 570.08 μmol Fe2+/g, respectively). Both extracts showed high radical-scavenging activity as well as significant antimicrobial activity against eight tested bacteria. The highest antimicrobial activities were observed against Gram-positive bacteria with inhibition zone diameters and MIC values ranging between 19 and 32 mm and 40 and 160 µg/mL, respectively. Interestingly, at 10 μg/mL, the extract had a significant effect on cell proliferation of U87 human glioblastoma cells. These findings open perspectives for the use of Mentha pulegium L. extract in green pharmacy, alternative/complementary medicine, and natural preventive therapies for the development of effective antioxidant, antibacterial, and/or antitumoral drugs.
Unpredicted Concentration-Dependent Sensory Properties of Pyrene-Containing NBN-Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Xiao Hang , Li Tao , Sun Xiao-Li , Wan Wen-Ming , Bao Hongli , Qian Qingrong , Chen Qinghua
Published: January 2022

Pyrene molecules containing NBN-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been synthesized by a simple and efficient intermolecular dehydration reaction between 1-pyrenylboronic acid and aromatic diamine. Pyrene-B (o-phenylenediamine) with a five-membered NBN ring and pyrene-B (1,8-diaminonaphthalene) with a six-membered NBN ring show differing luminescence. Pyrene-B (o-phenylenediamine) shows concentration-dependent luminescence and enhanced emission after grinding at solid state. Pyrene-B (1,8-diaminonaphthalene) exhibits a turn-on type luminescence upon fluoride ion addition at lower concentration, as well as concentration-dependent stability. Further potential applications of Pyrene-B (o-phenylenediamine) on artificial light-harvesting film were demonstrated by using commercial NiR dye as acceptor.
Rapid SABRE Catalyst Scavenging Using Functionalized Silicas
Authors: Robertson Thomas B. R. , Clarke Leon J. , Mewis Ryan E.
Published: January 2022

In recent years the NMR hyperpolarisation method signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) has been applied to multiple substrates of potential interest for in vivo investigation. Unfortunately, SABRE commonly requires an iridium-containing catalyst that is unsuitable for biomedical applications. This report utilizes inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) to investigate the potential use of metal scavengers to remove the iridium catalytic species from the solution. The most sensitive iridium emission line at 224.268 nm was used in the analysis. We report the effects of varying functionality, chain length, and scavenger support identity on iridium scavenging efficiency. The impact of varying the quantity of scavenger utilized is reported for the three scavengers with the highest iridium removed from initial investigations: 3-aminopropyl (S1), 3-(imidazole-1-yl)propyl (S4), and 2-(2-pyridyl) (S5) functionalized silica gels. Exposure of an activated SABRE sample (1.6 mg mL−1 of iridium catalyst) to 10 mg of the most promising scavenger (S5) resulted in <1 ppm of iridium being detectable by ICP-OES after 2 min of exposure. We propose that combining the approach described herein with other recently reported approaches, such as catalyst separated-SABRE (CASH-SABRE), would enable the rapid preparation of a biocompatible SABRE hyperpolarized bolus.
The Influence of Polysaccharides/TiO2 on the Model Membranes of Dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol and Bacterial Lipids
Authors: Ładniak Agata , Jurak Małgorzata , Palusińska-Szysz Marta , Wiącek Agnieszka Ewa
Published: January 2022

The aim of the study was to determine the bactericidal properties of popular medical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic ingredients, namely chitosan (Ch), hyaluronic acid (HA), and titanium dioxide (TiO2). The characteristics presented in this paper are based on the Langmuir monolayer studies of the model biological membranes formed on subphases with these compounds or their mixtures. To prepare the Langmuir film, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac-(1-glycerol) (DPPG) phospholipid, which is the component of most bacterial membranes, as well as biological material-lipids isolated from bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were used. The analysis of the surface pressure-mean molecular area (π-A) isotherms, compression modulus as a function of surface pressure, CS−1 = f(π), relative surface pressure as a function of time, π/π0 = f(t), hysteresis loops, as well as structure visualized using a Brewster angle microscope (BAM) shows clearly that Ch, HA, and TiO2 have antibacterial properties. Ch and TiO2 mostly affect S. aureus monolayer structure during compression. They can enhance the permeability of biological membranes leading to the bacteria cell death. In turn, HA has a greater impact on the thickness of E. coli film.
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Administering Antioxidant Grape Seed-Derived Polyphenol Compounds: A Potential Application in Aquaculture
Authors: Trapani Adriana , Esteban María Ángeles , Curci Francesca , Manno Daniela Erminia , Serra Antonio , Fracchiolla Giuseppe , Espinosa-Ruiz Cristóbal , Castellani Stefano , Conese Massimo
Published: January 2022

The supply of nutrients, such as antioxidant agents, to fish cells still represents a challenge in aquaculture. In this context, we investigated solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) composed of a combination of Gelucire® 50/13 and Precirol® ATO5 to administer a grape seed extract (GSE) mixture containing several antioxidant compounds. The combination of the two lipids for the SLN formation resulted in colloids exhibiting mean particle sizes in the range 139–283 nm and zeta potential values in the range +25.6–43.4 mV. Raman spectra and X-ray diffraction evidenced structural differences between the free GSE and GSE-loaded SLN, leading to the conclusion that GSE alters the structure of the lipid nanocarriers. From a biological viewpoint, cell lines from gilthead seabream and European sea bass were exposed to different concentrations of GSE-SLN for 24 h. In general, at appropriate concentrations, GSE-SLN increased the viability of the fish cells. Furthermore, regarding the gene expression in those cells, the expression of antioxidant genes was upregulated, whereas the expression of hsp70 and other genes related to the cytoskeleton was downregulated. Hence, an SLN formulation containing Gelucire® 50/13/Precirol® ATO5 and GSE may represent a compelling platform for improving the viability and antioxidant properties of fish cells.
Antidiarrheal and Antibacterial Activities of Monterey Cypress Phytochemicals: In Vivo and In Vitro Approach
Authors: Elmongy Elshaymaa I. , Negm Walaa A. , Elekhnawy Engy , El-Masry Thanaa A. , Attallah Nashwah G. M. , Altwaijry Najla , Batiha Gaber El-Saber , El-Sherbeni Suzy A.
Published: January 2022

Monterey cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa) is a decorative plant; however, it possesses various pharmacological activities. Therefore, we explored the phytochemical profile of C. macrocarpa root methanol extract (CRME) for the first time. Moreover, we investigated its antidiarrheal (in vivo), antibacterial, and antibiofilm (in vitro) activities against Salmonella enterica clinical isolates. The LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of CRME detected the presence of 39 compounds, besides isolation of 2,3,2″,3″-tetrahydro-4′-O-methyl amentoflavone, amentoflavone, and dihydrokaempferol-3-O-α-l-rhamnoside for the first time. Dihydrokaempferol-3-O-α-l-rhamnoside presented the highest antimicrobial activity and the range of values of MICs against S. enterica isolates was from 64 to 256 µg/mL. The antidiarrheal activity of CRME was investigated by induction of diarrhea using castor oil, and exhibited a significant reduction in diarrhea and defecation frequency at all doses, enteropooling (at 400 mg/kg), and gastrointestinal motility (at 200, 400 mg/kg) in mice. The antidiarrheal index of CRME increased in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of CRME on various membrane characters of S. enterica was studied after typing the isolates by ERIC-PCR. Its impact on efflux and its antibiofilm activity were inspected. The biofilm morphology was observed using light and scanning electron microscopes. The effect on efflux activity and biofilm formation was further elucidated using qRT-PCR. A significant increase in inner and outer membrane permeability and a significant decrease in integrity and depolarization (using flow cytometry) were detected with variable percentages. Furthermore, a significant reduction in efflux and biofilm formation was observed. Therefore, CRME could be a promising source for treatment of gastrointestinal tract diseases.
Effect of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) Supplementation on Physical and Chemical Properties of Semolina (Triticum durum) Based Fresh Pasta
Authors: Raczyk Marianna , Polanowska Katarzyna , Kruszewski Bartosz , Grygier Anna , Michałowska Dorota
Published: January 2022

Taking into account that many advantages have been associated with the consumption of spirulina (microalgae) in terms of antioxidant capacity, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging activities, the study focuses on spirulina supplementation of semolina-based pasta. Fresh pasta was prepared by mixing semolina flour (Triticum durum) with an addition of 3, 5, 7, and 10% (w/w) of spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) powder. Physicochemical and nutritional analyses were done on raw materials, and on fresh pasta before and after cooking. Sensorial analysis was done shortly after cooking pastas. Spirulina had a high content of protein (71.34%), with all the essential amino acids, a high total fiber (8.45%), as well as ash content (5.93%), which significantly increased the nutritional value of the obtained fresh pasta. Supplemented pastas have a significantly better amino acid profile and higher total fiber content (up to 2.99 g/100 g d.m.) than the control sample. Moreover, the addition of spirulina had a significant effect on the pasta’s color, weight gain, and cooking loss after being cooked. The addition of spirulina also affected the scores obtained for the individual parameters (texture, color, flavor, taste, and overall acceptability) of the sensory evaluation.
Adsorption Sites on Pd Nanoparticles Unraveled by Machine-Learning Potential with Adaptive Sampling
Authors: Tereshchenko Andrei , Pashkov Danil , Guda Alexander , Guda Sergey , Rusalev Yury , Soldatov Alexander
Published: January 2022

Catalytic properties of noble-metal nanoparticles (NPs) are largely determined by their surface morphology. The latter is probed by surface-sensitive spectroscopic techniques in different spectra regions. A fast and precise computational approach enabling the prediction of surface–adsorbate interaction would help the reliable description and interpretation of experimental data. In this work, we applied Machine Learning (ML) algorithms for the task of adsorption-energy approximation for CO on Pd nanoclusters. Due to a high dependency of binding energy from the nature of the adsorbing site and its local coordination, we tested several structural descriptors for the ML algorithm, including mean Pd–C distances, coordination numbers (CN) and generalized coordination numbers (GCN), radial distribution functions (RDF), and angular distribution functions (ADF). To avoid overtraining and to probe the most relevant positions above the metal surface, we utilized the adaptive sampling methodology for guiding the ab initio Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The support vector machines (SVM) and Extra Trees algorithms provided the best approximation quality and mean absolute error in energy prediction up to 0.12 eV. Based on the developed potential, we constructed an energy-surface 3D map for the whole Pd55 nanocluster and extended it to new geometries, Pd79, and Pd85, not implemented in the training sample. The methodology can be easily extended to adsorption energies onto mono- and bimetallic NPs at an affordable computational cost and accuracy.
Construction of Chiral Cyclic Compounds Enabled by Enantioselective Photocatalysis
Authors: Xu Bo , Shi Xiaotian , Liu Xiang , Cao Hua
Published: January 2022

Chiral cyclic molecules are some of the most important compounds in nature, and are widely used in the fields of drugs, materials, synthesis, etc. Enantioselective photocatalysis has become a powerful tool for organic synthesis of chiral cyclic molecules. Herein, this review summarized the research progress in the synthesis of chiral cyclic compounds by photocatalytic cycloaddition reaction in the past 5 years, and expounded the reaction conditions, characters, and corresponding proposed mechanism, hoping to guide and promote the development of this field.
Magnetic Structure and Origin of Insulating Behavior in the Ba2CuOsO6 System, and the Role of A-Site Ionic Size in Its Bandgap Opening: Density Functional Theory Approaches
Authors: Park Taesu , Lee Wang Ro , Son Won-Joon , Shim Ji-Hoon , Lee Changhoon
Published: January 2022

The magnetic structure and the origin of band gap opening for Ba2CuOsO6 were investigated by exploring the spin exchange interactions and employing the spin–orbit coupling effect. It revealed that the double-perovskite Ba2CuOsO6, composed of the 3d (Cu2+) and 5d (Os6+) transition metal magnetic ions is magnetic insulator. The magnetic susceptibilities of Ba2CuOsO6 obey the Curie–Weiss law, with an estimated Weiss temperature of −13.3 K, indicating AFM ordering. From the density functional theory approach, it is demonstrated that the spin exchange interaction between Cu ions plays a major role in exhibiting an antiferromagnetic behavior in the Ba2CuOsO6 system. An important factor to understand regarding the insulating behavior on Ba2CuOsO6 is the structural distortion shape of OsO6 octahedron, which should be closely connected with the ionic size of the A-site ion. Since the d-block of Os6+ (d2) ions of Ba2CuOsO6 is split into four states (xy < xz, yz < x2–y2 < z2), the crucial key is separation of doubly degenerated xz and yz levels to describe the magnetic insulating states of Ba2CuOsO6. By orbital symmetry breaking, caused by the spin–orbit coupling, the t2g level of Os6+ (d2) ions is separated into three sublevels. Two electrons of Os6+ (d2) ions occupy two levels of the three spin–orbit-coupled levels. Since Ba2CuOsO6 is a strongly correlated system, and the Os atom belongs to the heavy element group, one speculates that it is necessary to take into account both electron correlation and the spin–orbit coupling effect in describing the magnetic insulating states of Ba2CuOsO6.
Software—A New Open Access Journal on Software Engineering
Authors: Abrahamsson Pekka , Mikkonen Tommi
Published: January 2022

Software (ISSN: 2674-113X) [...]
Mengungkap Makna Keuntungan Melalui Perspektif Petani
Authors: Wulandari Truly
Published: January 2022

Abstrak

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui secara lebih mendalam  proses usaha bisnis dalam usaha pertanian dan untuk mengetahui bagaimana orang yang terlibat di dalamnya yaitu petani, memaknai arti kata keuntungan sesuai dengan apa yang telah dilaksanakannya sebagai seorang petani selamai ini. Penelitian ini kemudian menarik sebuah kesimpulan bahwa apa yang telah dipraktikan oleh narasumber dalam usahanya yaitu sebagai pengusaha dalam sektor pertanian jauh dari kata self-interest dan sejalan dengan konsep Tazkiyah yaitu mengutamakan kepentingan bersama. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode wawancara yang digunakan untuk mendapatkan data langsung dari narasumber dan secara terperinci.

 

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to analyze about the business processes in agricultural business and to find out how the people involved, farmers, interpret the meaning of the word “profit” in accordance with what he has done as a farmer. This study then draws a conclusion that what the informants have practiced in their business, is far from self-interest and is in line with the Tazkiyah concept, prioritizing common interests. The method used in this research is the interview method used to obtain primer data from the informants and in detail.
Effect of Liquidity And Investment Decisions on Firm Value With Profitabilitas as Intervening Variable
Authors: Suryani Disty Wahyu , Yeni Fitri
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk meestimasi seberapa berpengaruh Likuiditas dan Keputusan Investasi terhadap Nilai Perusahaan.dengan.Profitabilitas.sebaga..variabel intervening. Studi ini memakai populasi seluruh.perusahaan sektor manufaktur yang terdaftar di.Bursa.Efek.Indonesia periode 2018-2020 sebanyak 193 perusahaan dengan jumlah sampel 93 perusahaan yang diperoleh melalui metode purposive sampling. Desain studi yang digunakan kuantitatif dengan cara penghimpunan data sekunder. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode path analysis dengan alat pengolahan data SPSS 25. Variabel independen dalam penelitian yaitu Likuiditas (CR) dan Keputusan Investasi (PER) sedangkan variabel dependennya yaitu Nilai Perusahaan (NP) serta Profitabilitas (ROA) sebagai variabel intervening. Hasil studi membuktikan Likuiditas (CR) dan Keputusan Investasi (PER) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Profitabilitas (ROA) pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Busra Efek Indonesia perioe 2018-2020. Likuiditas (CR) dan Keputusan Investasi (PER) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Nilai Perusahaan (NP) sedangkan Profitabilitas (ROA) berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap Nilai Perusahan (NP) pada perusahaan sektor manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2018-2020. Profitabilitas (ROA) tidak mampu memediasi hubungan antara Likudiitas (CR) terhadap Nilai Perusahaan (NP) pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek.Indonesia periode 2018-2020. Profitabilitas (ROA) mampu memediasi hubungan antara Keputusan Investasi (PER) terhadap Nilai Perusahaan (NP) pada perusahaan sektor manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2018-2020, konstribusi Likuiditas (CR) dan Keputusan Investasi (PER) terhadap Profitabilitas (ROA) sebesar 12,9% sedangkan 87,1% merupakan variabel di luar penelitian yang telah dilakukan. Kontribusi Likuiditas (CR), Keputusan Investasi (PER) dan Profitabilitas (ROA) sebesar 26% sedangkan 74% merupakan variabel di luar penelitian yang telah dilakukan
Ultrasound characteristics of the internal genital organs in adolescent girls with gynecological and extragenital pathologies born with low or high body weight
Authors: Tuchkina I.O. , Pylypenko N.S. , Tuchkina M.Yu. , Guz I.A. , Kachailo I.A.
Published: January 2022

We studied the effect of birth weight on ultrasound parameters of the uterus and ovaries in adolescent girls with gynecological pathology. 65 adolescent girls aged from 10 to 18 years old, who were treated at the surgical department № 4 of the Regional Child Clinical Department, were examined. Study groups were formed according to data relating to gestational weight in terms of low or overweight. The differences in ultrasound scanning of the pelvic organs between the studied groups were revealed. So, with the syndrome of intrauterine growth retardation of the fetus, a lag in ultrasound indicators develops in the postnatal period, and with macrosomia, on the contrary, a tendency to an increase in the size of the uterus and ovaries is revealed. The revealed changes can serve as prognostic criteria in diagnosing the risk of developing disorders of puberty during ultrasound scanning of the internal genital organs of adolescent girls, depending on the body weight at birth.

Keywords: epilepsy, affective disorders, rehabilitation, psychoeducation.
Processing and model design of the gamma oscillation activity based on FitzHugh-Nagumo model and its interaction with slow rhythms in the brain
Authors: Sevasteeva Evgeniia S. , Plotnikov Sergei A. , Lynnyk Volodymyr
Published: January 2022

The brain is processing information 24 hours a day. There are millions of processes proceeding in it accompanied by various spectra of rhythms. This paper tests the hypothesis that the slow delta rhythm excites the gamma rhythm oscillations. Unlike other papers, we determine the slow rhythm spectrum not at the hypothesis stage but during the experiment. We design algorithms of filtering, envelope extraction, and correlation coefficient calculation for signal processing. Moreover, we examine the data on all electroencephalogram channels, which allows us to make a more reasonable conclusion. We confirm that a slow delta rhythm excites a fast gamma rhythm with an amplitude-phase type of interaction and calculate a delay between these two signals
equal to about half a second.
Germanium ion doping of CsPbI3 to obtain inorganic perovskite solar cells with low temperature processing
Authors: Kogo Atsushi , Yamamoto Kohei , Murakami Takurou N.
Published: January 2022

Although the all-inorganic perovskite CsPbI3 exhibits superior thermal- and photo-stability compared with organic–inorganic perovskites, formation of the photoactive α-phase requires sintering at approximately 320 °C. Herein, we report the partial substitution of Ge2+ ions for Pb2+ as a means of tuning the stability of the material and enabling α-phase formation at 90 °C.
Tunability for anomalous refraction of flexural wave in a magneto-elastic metasurface by magnetic field and pre-stress
Authors: Zhang Shunzu , Shu Shiwei , Bian Xiaohui
Published: January 2022

This letter reports the design of a magneto-elastic metasurface composed of arrayed Terfenol-D pillars deposited on a homogeneous aluminum plate, aiming to realize the tunability of flexural wave anomalous propagation without altering the structure. Considering the magneto-mechanical coupling of magnetostrictive materials, the phase shift and transmission of the functional unit can be calculated. The anomalous refraction of incident flexural wave (i.e. negative refraction) can be accomplished by adjusting the magnetic field and pre-stress properly, the refraction angle is remarkably affected by magnetic distribution. The proposed metasurface provides a method for flexible tunability of elastic waves in the fields of vibration/noise control.
Structural phase transition and negative thermal expansion in Cu
1.8
Zn0.2V2–x
P
x
O7 solid solutions
Authors: Takenaka Koshi , Kano Masato , Kasugai Ryota , Takada Kohei , Eto Koki , Kadowaki Yoshifumi , Yokoyama Yasunori , Katayama Naoyuki , Okamoto Yoshihiko
Published: January 2022

Negative thermal expansion (NTE) is exhibited over the entire x range for Cu1.8Zn0.2V2–x
P
x
O7. In particular, dilatometric measurements using epoxy resin matrix composites containing the spray-dried powder demonstrated that the thermal expansion suppressive capability was almost unchanged for x ≤ 1.0. With increasing x, the X-ray diffraction peak position moves systematically, but some peaks are extremely broad and/or asymmetric, suggesting disorder in the internal structure. The crystallographic analysis confirmed NTE enhancement by microstructural effects at least for x = 0.2. Preliminary measurements suggest higher resistivity and lower dielectric constant than that of pure vanadate, which is suitable for application to electronic devices.
Kesadaran Santri Pondok Pesantren Al-Aqobah Dalam Menerapkan Protokol Kesehatan di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Prasetyo Arizki Dwi , Machfud Fauzi Agus
Published: January 2022

Sejak pandemi covid-19 kegiatan masyarakat menjadi lumpuh, termasuk juga kegiatan pembelajaran di Pondok Pesantren Al-Aqobah Jombang. Sejak bulan agustus 2020 kegiatan pembelajaran berjalan kembali namun dengan menerapkan prosedur protokol kesehatan yang sesuai dengan arahan pemerintah. Penerapan protokol kesehatan tidak dapat berjalan tanpa adanya kesadaran dari masing-masing individu yang menjalankan kegiatan. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mengetahui bagaimana kesadaran santri saat menjalankan kegiatan pembelajaran pesantren di masa pandemi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah kualitatif, dengan melakukan wawancara pada santri pondok pesantren al-aqobah yang menjalankan kegiatan pembelajaran di masa pandemi. Penelitian ini menggunakan perspektif teori interaksi simbolik blumer. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu kegiatan pembelajaran yang dilaksanakan di masa pandemi wajib menggunakan masker dan mencuci tangan sebelum masuk. Jika ada santri yang tidak menggunakan masker pihak yayasan tidak mengizinkan untuk mengikuti kegiatan pembelajaran. Dalam hal ini, kesadaran para jamaah dalam menerapkan protokol kesehatan di masa pandemi terbentuk karena tiga faktor yaitu, pertama peraturan pihak pemerintah maupun pengurus pondok pesantren, kedua sosialisasi yang rutin diberikan, ketiga dorongan dari orang tua dan masyarakat sekitar. Selain menerapkan protokol kesehatan, santri juga memahami apa yang dimaksud dengan protokol kesehatan serta cara penerapan yang baik dan benar agar terhindar dari virus covid-19.
DISTRIBUTION OF ANATOMIC VARIATIONS OF THE NOSE AND PARANASAL SINUSES IN KASHMIRI POPULATION BY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SCAN ANALYSIS.
Authors: Makhdoomi Owais , Abass Syed Waseem , Masoodi Majid Ul Islam
Published: January 2022

Background: Knowledge of anatomy constitutes an integral part of the total management of patients with sinonasal
diseases. The aim of this study was to obtain the prevalence of sinonasal anatomic variations in the Kashmiri population
and to understand their importance and impact on the disease process, as well as their influence on surgical
management and outcome.
Materials and Methods: This study is a prospective review of retrospectively performed normal computed
tomography (CT) scans of the nose and paranasal sinuses in the adult Kashmiri population at SMHS Hospital. The scans
were reviewed by two independent observers.
Results: The most common anatomic variation after excluding agger nasi cells were pneumatized Crista Galli, which
was seen in 69% of the scans. However, the least common variation seen in this series was Pneumatized inferior
turbinate, which was encountered in 1.1 % of the cases.
Conclusion: A wide range of regional differences in the prevalence of each anatomic variation exists. Understanding
the preoperative CT scan is substantially important because it is the roadmap for the sinus surgeon. Detection of
anatomic variations is vital for surgical planning and the prevention of complications.
Achieving 90% In Data-Centric Industry Deep Learning Task
Authors: Guo Tong
Published: January 2022

In industry deep learning application, our manually labeled data has a certain number of noisy data. To solve this problem and achieve more than 90 score in dev dataset, we present a simple method to find the noisy data and re-label the noisy data by human, given the model predictions as references in human labeling. In this paper, we illustrate our idea for a broad set of deep learning tasks, includes classification, sequence tagging, object detection, sequence generation, click-through rate prediction. The experimental results and human evaluation results verify our idea.
Blended Learning: Past and Present with Special Reference to COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Aisha Shams Akhunzada  , Isharat Siddiqua Lodhy  , Parveen Munshi  , Sakina Jumani
Published: January 2022

The Clayton Christensen academy describes blended learning as a structured educational program in which a student learns at least in part into internet-based content delivery and training with some characteristic of academic supervision from home. This process involved time, place, pattern, and careful monitoring facilities. It also encouraged the learners to feel more optimistic regarding their studies. The fundamental concept of driving blended learning is that it encourages a combination of self-learning and collective communication-oriented practices. However, during COVID-19 besides virtual and non-formal institutions, the formal educational institutes also moved to blended learning. As this was a new practice for the formal instructors and learners, therefore, this study was carried out for discovering the concept of blended learning with special reference to COVID-19 pandemic and for this reason three sub purposes were; shed light on the concept of blended learning; to describe terminologies used for blended learning in the past and present with special reference to COVID-19 pandemic and to discover blended learning strategies in the past and presnt with special reference to COVID-19. This study chartered a qualitative method with succeeding in the analysis of documents related to blended learning and how this strategy was used during COVID -19 for engaging the formal instructors with their students. The Study followed the five years documents available online since 2011-20. But some documents from 2021 were also viewed for methodology.The researchers’ inquiry into 10 years of data was for the purpose to discover the past strategies of blended learning in comparison to the strategies used during COVID-19. Data were analyzed through emerging themes from the documents. Therefore, the main themes aided to interpret the results. The results exposed dissimilar terms for blended learning such as F2F, hybrid, and the online teaching-learning process.The strategies used during COVID-19 were more advanced as compared to the past years. Traditional methods of blended learning included online sessions and face-to-face classes. Microsoft, Webinar, TREAD, zoom, and Google Classroom, and other applications have been commonly used throughout the COVID-19 affected countries. The formal institutions for the teaching-learning process to carry out in COVID-19 period frequently practiced some new strategies.
ANALISIS SOSIOLOGI SASTRA BATU PARSIDANGAN DI HUTA SIALLAGAN KABUPATEN SAMOSIR SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Syahftri Dian , Sinambela Salomo , Kesuma Rafika Dalila , Kusumawati Yusmita
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui masalah sosial dan kearifan lokal Batu Persidangan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Metode ini didasarkan atas pertimbangan akan adanya kesesuaian antara bentuk penelitian dan tujuan penelitian. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat menjawab pernyataan penelitian bahwa terdapat masalah lingkungan hidup dan kearifan lokal yang di dalam masyarakat ada sebuah Batu yang disebut Batu Parsidangan. Batu ini digunakan oleh raja untuk bermusyawarah, berdiskusi, dan menjatuhkan suatu hukuman kepada orang yang melakukan kejahatan. Batu ini digunakan oleh raja untuk bermusyawarah, berdiskusi, dan menjatuhkan suatu hukuman kepada orang yang melakukan kejahatan, seperti mencuri, memperkosa, membunuh, dan mata-mata musuh. Mengenai kemiskinan kehidupan didesa mayoritas menengah ke bawah, hanya sebagian orang saja yang mapan, adanya kemiskinan di desa huta siallagan ini menyebabkan timbulnya kejahatan yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat mengakibatkan minimnya kebutuhan masyarakat setempat.
A DUPLA NATUREZA DO CENTAURO E A LUTA DE CLASSES NO BRASIL
Authors: Helena Schlesener Anita , Mezarobba Gilson , Maria Garcia de Almeida Tatiani
Published: January 2022

Este artigo parte da metáfora do Centauro maquiavélico para desenvolver algumas reflexões sobre a crise orgânica vivida no Brasil nesta segunda década do século XXI. O referencial teórico se concentra na obra de Antonio Gramsci, tendo como base o conceito de hegemonia para explicitar características da luta de classes, renovada em suas novas dimensões políticas e ideológicas. Na primeira parte retomamos dados históricos explicitando as políticas imperialistas e as novas características da luta de classes, principalmente com a acentuação do fascismo. Em seguida, abordamos a questão da hegemonia expressa no equilíbrio entre força e consenso, mas também como superação da violência pela civilidade, fator acentuado por Maquiavel na política aconselhada ao Príncipe.