bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring knowledge sharing on social media from the perspectives of personality traits and social capital
Authors: Huang Yueh-Min , Wang Ding-Chau , Hsieh Ho-Yuan , Huang Yong-Ming
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate what factors can affect individuals’ knowledge sharing on social media from the perspectives of personality traits and social capital.

Design/methodology/approach

A theoretical model was developed with reference to the personality traits theory and the social capital theory. Accordingly, a questionnaire was designed to collect the individuals’ ideas on knowledge sharing on social media and further test the model. The questionnaire was then distributed to two LINE groups. Finally, the collected data were analyzed using the partial least squares (PLS) approach.

Findings

Personality traits not only directly affect knowledge sharing, but also indirectly influence it via social capital. Of all personality traits, agreeableness, openness and extraversion directly and indirectly influence knowledge sharing.

Research limitations/implications

Knowledge sharing is undertaken by individuals and social groups. It starts with individuals and then diffuses to other members of a group.

Practical implications

Group managers have to identify the members who are friendly, open-minded or extroverted and encourage them to act as the bellwethers for knowledge sharing under an effective regulatory regime, through which intra-group knowledge sharing can be promoted.

Originality/value

This study introduces a new model to explore knowledge sharing on social media from individual and social perspectives. It illustrates what will affect individuals’ knowledge sharing on social media.
The new CEPAR® model: a five-step methodology to tackle corporate ESG challenges
Authors: Wong Paulina P.Y. , Hui Mike S.F. , Yip Angus W.H.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Addressing Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) issues has become a critical aspect of business strategy. Since ESG has primarily focused on ratings and measures for reporting, there is a scarcity of methods to assist stakeholders in better comprehending corporate risk and addressing ESG-related issues and problems. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new model to narrow the critical gap.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is based on several well-known structural frameworks for managing risks and projects in various industries. Two case studies on topics related to environment (E) and social (S) responsibility are used to demonstrate the practical implementation of the CEPAR® model.

Findings

The CEPAR® model, a trademarked five-step methodology (the Challenge-Evaluation-Planning-Action-Review model) was developed by the International Chamber of Sustainable Development (ICSD). The method and guidelines are outlined for easier appreciation by stakeholders of corporations to analyze ESG-related challenges and dilemmas, then able to make principled decisions, take actions, and review the outcomes. Each phase of the new model adheres to the theoretical and practical frameworks for problem-solving and decision-making, emphasizing the iterate process of addressing challenges, evaluating materiality, planning actions, taking actions, and reviewing the outcomes.

Originality/value

The new model is applicable for business corporations and organizations seeking to gain insight and tackle crucial ESG issues, ultimately improving their short- and long-term decision-making and business opportunities.
A wide range of modified alkyd resins based on a new source of dicarboxylic acid as a binder for anticorrosive paint
Authors: Al-Shareef Hossa F. , Yousif Ahmed M. , Eleisawy Rafaat , Mahmoud Ammar M. , Abdelwahab Hamada
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to prepare alkyd protective paint by using modified alkyd with 3,6-dichloro benzo[b]thiophene-2-carbonyl glutamic acid (DCBTGA) as a source of dicarboxylic acid and evaluating their anticorrosive properties compared with those of unmodified alkyd coatings for steel protection.

Design/methodology/approach

Short, medium and long oil alkyds, which represented as (0, 10, 20 and 30% excess-OH) according to the resin constants (Patton, 1962), were prepared through a condensation polymerization reaction via a solvent process in a one-step reaction. The modification of alkyd was carried out by using DCBTGA as a source of dicarboxylic acid. The prepared modified alkyd was confirmed by IR and NMR spectral analysis. The physicochemical, mechanical and anticorrosion performance properties of the considered modified coating formulations against unmodified blank coating were studied to confirm their application efficiency.

Findings

The best results in terms of physicochemical, mechanical and anticorrosion performance properties were found according to the following of this order activity: 30 replacements of the modifier (DCBTGA) for each hydroxyl continent were 30% Ex-OH > 20% Ex-OH > 10% Ex-OH > 0% Ex-OH, compared with that formulation containing unmodified alkyd, especially with increasing the modifier percent.

Originality/value

The prepared DCBTGA-modified resins can be used for different applications based on the type of alkyd and application.
Leaf fluctuating asymmetry is not a reliable indicator of stress
Authors: Májeková Maria , Springer Bettina , Ferenc Viktoria , Gruntman Michal , Tielbörger Katja
Published: May 2024

Stress experienced during development in organisms with bilateral structures could result in developmental instability, which is expressed as subtle non‐directional deviations from perfect symmetry, known as fluctuating asymmetry (FA). As such, FA has been proposed, and extensively used, as a trait indicating stress for many organisms with bilateral structures and many types of stress. However, while this concept may apply to animals, the evidence for plants' main vegetative structures, that is, leaves, remains equivocal, and a comprehensive synthesis on this topic is still missing.

We designed observational field and controlled greenhouse studies, combining different growth and leaf forms across multiple stress gradients, comprising 21 species and 80 populations. We measured FA as the difference between the left and right area of the leaf, an approach that accommodates diverse leaf forms. We used high‐precision, blind, single‐person measurements and tested for other forms of symmetry and the effect of leaf size. We further complemented our study with a systematic literature review of FA in plant leaves, compiling 51 studies comprising 72 species, 23 stress types and 131 unique entries (species × stress type).

We consistently found no effect of stress on leaf FA in any of the studied species in both our field and experimental gradients. In the systematic literature review, only 39% of the unique entries showed the expected increase in FA with stress, 53% showed no effect, 9% showed an opposite trend of a decrease in FA with stress and 1% showed a unimodal relationship. Importantly, only 40% of all entries fulfilled the crucial step of controlling for a high‐precision measurement, and of these 49% reported the expected increase in FA with stress.

Both the results of our observational and experimental approaches and the systematic literature review failed to support a clear relationship between stress and FA in plant leaves. These results clearly show that FA in plant leaves cannot be used as a reliable trait indicating stress during development.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Thyroid dysfunction and exudative age‐related macular degeneration – A longitudinal nationwide registry‐based cohort study
Authors: Boulakh Lena , Isaksen Jonas L. , Poulsen Henrik Enghusen , Faber Jens , Heegaard Steffen , Nygaard Birte , Kanters Jørgen Kim , Toft Peter Bjerre , Mortens Udholm Patricia , Bek Toke , Buch Hesgaard Helena , Ellervik Christina
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The association between thyroid dysfunction and exudative age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is unknown.

Methods

In this Danish longitudinal nationwide registry‐based cohort study we included all Danish residents aged 50–100 between 2008 and 2018. Using the Danish national registries, we studied the association between thyroid dysfunction and exudative AMD. Thyroid dysfunction was classified as two consecutive redeemed prescriptions of thyroid hormones (hypothyroidism) or anti‐thyroid medication (hyperthyroidism). Exudative AMD was classified as an ICD diagnosis of AMD and a code for anti‐VEGF treatment. All patients are treated for exudative AMD in a hospital in Denmark, and we therefore have complete registration of this patient group.

Results

We included 2 087 305 individuals, of which 1 072 567 (51.4%) were women; 59 318 (2.8%) had hypothyroidism, and 33 922 (1.6%) had hyperthyroidism. During a median follow‐up of 11 years, 26 998 (1.3%) people developed exudative AMD. Hypothyroidism (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10–1.25; p < 0.001) and hyperthyroidism (HR: 1.23; 95% CI:1.13–1.34; p < 0.001) were both associated with the development of exudative AMD. The age‐stratified analyses yielded similar results to the main analyses, except that the risks were exaggerated in the older part of the population.

Conclusion

This is the first longitudinal nationwide study showing that both hypo‐ and hyperthyroidism are associated with an increased risk of exudative AMD. AMD is a quantitative problem in the population and our findings could have a public health impact. Further studies are needed to study the underlying mechanisms of the association.
Regulation of placental amino acid transport in health and disease
Authors: Shimada Hiroshi , Powell Theresa L. , Jansson Thomas
Published: May 2024

Abnormal fetal growth, i.e., intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) or fetal growth restriction (FGR) and fetal overgrowth, is associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality and is strongly linked to the development of metabolic and cardiovascular disease in childhood and later in life. Emerging evidence suggests that changes in placental amino acid transport may contribute to abnormal fetal growth. This review is focused on amino acid transport in the human placenta, however, relevant animal models will be discussed to add mechanistic insights. At least 25 distinct amino acid transporters with different characteristics and substrate preferences have been identified in the human placenta. Of these, System A, transporting neutral nonessential amino acids, and System L, mediating the transport of essential amino acids, have been studied in some detail. Importantly, decreased placental Systems A and L transporter activity is strongly associated with IUGR and increased placental activity of these two amino acid transporters has been linked to fetal overgrowth in human pregnancy. An array of factors in the maternal circulation, including insulin, IGF‐1, and adiponectin, and placental signaling pathways such as mTOR, have been identified as key regulators of placental Systems A and L. Studies using trophoblast‐specific gene targeting in mice have provided compelling evidence that changes in placental Systems A and L are mechanistically linked to altered fetal growth. It is possible that targeting specific placental amino acid transporters or their upstream regulators represents a novel intervention to alleviate the short‐ and long‐term consequences of abnormal fetal growth in the future.
Editorial: Hepatitis C virus eradication improves skeletal muscle mass—Authors' reply
Authors: Coelho Marta Paula Pereira , de Vries Thais Pontello , Pires Aline Marcos , Parreira Milena Pereira , de Alvarenga Érika Ramos , Cambraia Rodrigo Dias , dos Santos Rodrigo Ribeiro , Bezerra Juliana Maria Trindade , Colosimo Enrico Antonio , Rocha Gifone Aguiar , Silva Luciana Diniz
Published: May 2024

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Coelho et al papers. To view these articles, visithttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17950andhttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17978
What do measures of gender identity tell us about gender identity over time?
Authors: Fisher Ellena , Wright Sarah , Sargeant Cora
Published: May 2024

Gender identity is a multifaceted concept and is represented by a wide range of measures and constructs including both self‐report and researcher observations of preferences and behaviours. However, despite their similar theoretical underpinning, gender identity measures are rarely found to correlate with one another, and contrasting patterns and trajectories are often found for each construct (Egan & Perry, Developmental Psychology, 37, 2001, 451). Therefore, this systematic review aimed to present a review of the longitudinal research evidence surrounding gender identity development in the absence of formal intervention. Using a systematic search strategy, 21 studies were identified. Narrative synthesis was used to synthesize the data collected in these studies and trajectories were explored for (1) self‐identification measures of gender identity, (2) clothing preferences, (3) peer preferences, and (4) object/activity preferences. Overall, the results of this systematic review are consistent with wider research suggesting that distinct developmental patterns can be observed when using different constructs and measures of gender identity.
Ecological grief literacy: Approaches for responding to environmental loss
Authors: Cooke Anna , Benham Claudia , Butt Nathalie , Dean Julie
Published: May 2024

Environmental losses are increasingly evoking ‘‘ecological grief’’ among environmental and conservation professionals. Ecological grief is a natural but difficult psychological experience, and a risk to well‐being. Despite this, there are currently few resources available to support environmental professionals and their organizations to reduce the risks to well‐being and cope effectively with ecological grief. As a result, environmental professionals who experience this risk in the workplace are unlikely to be equipped with the knowledge, skills, or context to support themselves, colleagues, or peers, in experiences of ecological grief. In this paper, we provide information, guidance, and examples of workplace support for ecological grief. Drawing on insights from the field of grief and bereavement, we identify peer support and organizational responses as key supportive factors for those experiencing ecological grief. We also present a new concept, ‘‘ecological grief literacy,’’ to guide effective peer and organizational support. While peers have the potential to provide interpersonal support and connection for ecological grieving, it is essential that the organizations that employ environmental professionals enact policies and practices that provide structures, resources, and contexts to enable environmental professionals to effectively support ourselves and each other.
Fire favours the native bee community in a semi‐arid ecosystem
Authors: Castañeda González Alejandra , Salazar Ceseña Mario , del Val Ek , Macip‐Ríos Rodrigo , Ceccarelli Fadia Sara
Published: May 2024

Fire is a common and frequent disturbance in Mediterranean ecosystems, affecting the diversity and dynamics of native bee communities by modifying the distribution and availability of the resources that bees require to forage and nest. Previous studies have found changes in bee diversity depending on the time since the last fire, with increases in species diversity in the early stages postburn.

Using a chronosequence of plots with different times since the last fire in the Mediterranean‐climate chaparral of Baja California, Mexico, we estimated changes in overall abundance, richness, diversity and species composition of the native bee community.

Bee abundance and richness were higher at recently burned plots and gradually decreased, but Hill–Shannon and Hill–Simpson diversities did not change over the chronosequences. Nearby plots (in the same locality) of different stages were more similar in composition than distant plots (in different localities) of a similar stage, suggesting a spatial correlation. Plant species richness increased after fires. Bare soil was also greater on recently burned patches and may facilitate nesting resources. The number of bees was positively correlated to plant richness.

Our results highlight the importance of fire as a natural disturbance structuring the bee community in the Mediterranean chaparral of Baja California.

Furthermore, our results are relevant for future conservation plans since fire management (i.e., prescribed fires) could improve conditions for sustaining greater bee richness and abundance.
Leadership in higher educational institutions post 2020: Probing effect of pandemic and ICT
Authors: Borde Prashant Sunil , Arora Ridhi , Kakoty Sanjeeb
Published: May 2024

Leadership engrosses multiple actors and unique contexts that unfold along different timescales. The purpose of this study is to review the literature on authentic leadership, principal leadership, and distributed leadership and examine the current trends due to the pandemic and the growth of information and communication technology in higher educational institutions (HEI). This qualitative study adopted a literature review and in‐depth interviews of 10 educational faculty, 10 students, and 9 non‐HEI organisational leaders in India, predominantly based on a semi‐structured script. Our study used the approaches of purposive sampling and inductive analysis. Employing social cognitive theory, our study reports on participants' perceptions of existing leaders and discusses organisational behavioural attributes that need focus for leadership development. The hybrid multi‐layered model of leadership styles is suggested as a practical approach in India. This study contributes to the educational leadership development literature by highlighting the expectations of students and non‐HEI organisational leaders on the fundamental role of educational leaders and behavioural necessities.
Are novel or locally adapted pathogens more devastating and why? Resolving opposing hypotheses
Authors: Sauer Erin L. , Venesky Matthew D. , McMahon Taegan A. , Cohen Jeremy M. , Bessler Scott , Brannelly Laura A. , Brem Forrest , Byrne Allison Q. , Halstead Neal , Hyman Oliver , Johnson Pieter T. J. , Richards‐Zawacki Corinne L. , Rumschlag Samantha L. , Sears Brittany , Rohr Jason R.
Published: May 2024

There is a rich literature highlighting that pathogens are generally better adapted to infect local than novel hosts, and a separate seemingly contradictory literature indicating that novel pathogens pose the greatest threat to biodiversity and public health. Here, using Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, the fungus associated with worldwide amphibian declines, we test the hypothesis that there is enough variance in “novel” (quantified by geographic and phylogenetic distance) host‐pathogen outcomes to pose substantial risk of pathogen introductions despite local adaptation being common. Our continental‐scale common garden experiment and global‐scale meta‐analysis demonstrate that local amphibian‐fungal interactions result in higher pathogen prevalence, pathogen growth, and host mortality, but novel interactions led to variable consequences with especially virulent host‐pathogen combinations still occurring. Thus, while most pathogen introductions are benign, enough variance exists in novel host‐pathogen outcomes that moving organisms around the planet greatly increases the chance of pathogen introductions causing profound harm.
Quantifying neurodegeneration of the cervical cord and brain in degenerative cervical myelopathy: A multicentre study using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Freund Patrick , Boller Viveka , Emmenegger Tim M. , Akbar Muhammad , Hupp Markus , Pfender Nikolai , Wheeler‐Kingshott Claudia Angela Michela Gandini , Cohen‐Adad Julien , Fehlings Michael G. , Curt Armin , Seif Maryam
Published: May 2024

Background and purpose

Simultaneous assessment of neurodegeneration in both the cervical cord and brain across multiple centres can enhance the effectiveness of clinical trials. Thus, this study aims to simultaneously assess microstructural changes in the cervical cord and brain above the stenosis in degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a multicentre study.

Methods

We applied voxelwise analysis with a probabilistic brain/spinal cord template embedded in statistical parametric mappin (SPM‐BSC) to process multi parametric mapping (MPM) including effective transverse relaxation rate (R2*), longitudinal relaxation rate (R1), and magnetization transfer (MT), which are indirectly sensitive to iron and myelin content. Regression analysis was conducted to establish associations between neurodegeneration and clinical impairment. Thirty‐eight DCM patients (mean age ± SD = 58.45 ± 11.47 years) and 38 healthy controls (mean age ± SD = 41.18 ± 12.75 years) were recruited at University Hospital Balgrist, Switzerland and Toronto Western Hospital, Canada.

Results

Remote atrophy was observed in the cervical cord (p = 0.002) and in the left thalamus (0.026) of the DCM group. R1 was decreased in the periaqueductal grey matter (p = 0.014), thalamus (p = 0.001), corpus callosum (p = 0.0001), and cranial corticospinal tract (p = 0.03). R2* was increased in the primary somatosensory cortices (p = 0.008). Sensory impairments were associated with increased iron‐sensitive R2* in the thalamus and periaqueductal grey matter in DCM.

Conclusions

Simultaneous assessment of the spinal cord and brain revealed DCM‐induced demyelination, iron deposition, and atrophy. The extent of remote neurodegeneration was associated with sensory impairment, highlighting the intricate and expansive nature of microstructural neurodegeneration in DCM, reaching beyond the stenosis level.
Therapeutic modulation of KIT ligand in melanocytic disorders with implications for mast cell diseases
Authors: Sevilla Alec , Grichnik James
Published: May 2024

KIT ligand and its associated receptor KIT serve as a master regulatory system for both melanocytes and mast cells controlling survival, migration, proliferation and activation. Blockade of this pathway results in cell depletion, while overactivation leads to mastocytosis or melanoma. Expression defects are associated with pigmentary and mast cell disorders. KIT ligand regulation is complex but efficient targeting of this system would be of significant benefit to those suffering from melanocytic or mast cell disorders. Herein, we review the known associations of this pathway with cutaneous diseases and the regulators of this system both in skin and in the more well‐studied germ cell system. Exogenous agents modulating this pathway will also be presented. Ultimately, we will review potential therapeutic opportunities to help our patients with melanocytic and mast cell disease processes potentially including vitiligo, hair greying, melasma, urticaria, mastocytosis and melanoma.
Functional food development using olive pomace phenolics and hydrogels
Authors: Seçmeler Özge , Gözet Tuba , Azbaz Sercan , Dülger Murat Muhammet , Yavuz Düzgün Merve , Argin Sanem
Published: May 2024

Although the health effects of olive phenolics, hydroxytyrosol (HX), are well known, their utilisation is not at the forefront of the phenolics market. Besides, 99% of olive phenolics are lost during olive oil production (2.2 million tons year−1). This study aims to develop a functional hydrogel for functional foods using commercial olive powder derived from olive mill wastewater and methylcellulose (MC). The final hydrogel recipe, a multi‐hydrocolloid recipe (MC and gelatine with low gelling temperature) based on minimum HX loss and acceptable sensory properties, was created by examining interactions of HX with salt, sugar, and citric acid in MC by a modified UPLC‐UV method and expert sensory panellists. Finally, two dairy bases were created for the hydrogel with the best aroma match, and consumer‐accepted dessert (72%) and appetiser (58%) providing the health claims of European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (2 mg day−1 of HX) were produced. Moreover, a sample methodology has been developed.
Duration and severity of COVID‐19 symptoms among primary healthcare workers: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Ma Rongji , Lu Beier , Zhang Yongjie , Shen Ya , Xu Jinshui , Chen Hualing , Qian Yongkang , Miao Pengcheng , Xu Biyun , Guo Haijian , Chen Bingwei
Published: May 2024

Aims

This study aims to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of COVID‐19 infection among healthcare workers, including the severity, duration of infection, post‐infection symptoms and related influencing factors.

Methods

A self‐administered questionnaire was utilized to assess the post‐infection status of primary healthcare workers in Jiangsu Province. The questionnaire collected information on demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, post‐infection clinical manifestations, work environment and recovery time of the respondents. Customized outcome events were selected as dependent variables and logistic regression models were employed to analyse the risk factors. Phi‐coefficient was used to describe the relationship between post‐infection symptoms.

Results

The analysis revealed that several factors, such as female, older age, obesity, previous medical history, exposure to high‐risk environments and stress, were associated with a higher likelihood of experiencing more severe outcomes. On the other hand, vaccination and regular exercise were found to contribute to an earlier resolution of the infection. Among the post‐infection symptoms, cough, malaise and muscle aches were the most frequently reported. Overall, there was a weak association among symptoms persisting beyond 14 days, with only cough and malaise, malaise and dizziness and headache showing a stronger correlation.

Conclusion

The study findings indicate that the overall severity of the first wave of infection, following the complete lifting of restrictions in China, was low. The impact on primary healthcare workers was limited, and the post‐infection symptoms exhibited similarity to those observed in other countries. It is important to highlight that these conclusions are specifically relevant to the population infected with the Omicron variant.

Impacts

This study helps to grasp the impacts of the first wave of COVID‐19 infections on healthcare workers in China after the national lockdown was lifted.

Patients

Primary healthcare workers in Jiangsu Province, including doctors, nurses, pharmacists and other personnel from primary healthcare units such as community health service centres and health centres.
The value of legal recourse in sovereign bond markets: Evidence from Argentina
Authors: Saiegh Sebastian M. , Biglaiser Glen
Published: May 2024

If sovereign immunity waivers and clauses calling for litigation abroad reduce the risk of expropriation, bonds governed by foreign law should, ceteris paribus, trade at a premium compared to bonds issued under domestic law. In 2020, Argentina exchanged a panoply of bonds with different currencies, maturity and coupon structure for pairs of bonds that are identical except for their governing law. We leverage these “twin” bonds to identify the effect of legal jurisdiction on sovereign debt prices. Our findings indicate that foreign‐law bonds consistently trade at higher prices and are primarily held by long‐term investors. These results suggest that market participants price certain legal terms (e.g., governing law) in sovereign debt, and investors expect to face less credit risk under bonds governed by foreign law, either due to a lower risk of selective default or higher recovery rate in foreign courts.
Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the East Asian hemicultrine fishes (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Xenocypridinae), with suggestions to their generic classification and redescription of the recently described species Hemiculter yungaoi Vasil'eva et al. 2022
Authors: Deng Qiaoling , Li Mingzheng , Yu Dan , Chen Lin , Li Wenjing , Cai Xingwei , Liu Huanzhang
Published: May 2024

The hemicultrine fishes are a group of small‐sized cyprinids, widely distributed but endemic to East Asian rivers and lakes. Till now, the taxonomic boundaries and relationships within this group remain poorly explored. In the present study, we study the phylogeny of this group, providing suggestions for classification of the hemicultrine group. Using two mitochondrial and three nuclear genes, and samples representing all genera, our results showed that the group consists of seven major lineages, of which four (Hemiculterella, Hainania, Pseudolaubuca, and Anabarilius) were monophyletic and three (Hemiculter, Toxabramis, and Pseudohemiculter) were not. Based on the phylogenetic tree, we redefined the genera. We revive the genus Siniichthys, which has three species, Siniichthys bleekeri, Siniichthys lucidus, and S. varpachovskii, that were previously treated as members of the genus Hemiculter but showed distant relationships to the genus Hemiculter in our phylogenetic tree. With the new results, a diagnostic key for clades of the hemicultrine group is provided. Furthermore, we provide more detailed information on diagnostic features of the recently described species Hemiculter yungaoi (Vasil'eva et al., 2022). This work will facilitate future systematic studies, pave the way for evolutionary studies, and provide valuable information for the urgent conservation of hemicultrine fishes.
Development and validation of a novel colonoscopy withdrawal time indicator based on YOLOv5
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Peng Ziye , Wang Xiangyu , Zhang Shuyi , Sun Jiayi , Li Yanru , Zhang Qi , Shi Lei , Li Hongzhou , Tian Zhenggang , Feng Yue , Mu Jinbao , Tang Nan , Wang Ximo , Li Wen , Pei Zhengcun
Published: May 2024

Background and Aim

The study aims to introduce a novel indicator, effective withdrawal time (WTS), which measures the time spent actively searching for suspicious lesions during colonoscopy and to compare WTS and the conventional withdrawal time (WT).

Methods

Colonoscopy video data from 472 patients across two hospitals were retrospectively analyzed. WTS was computed through a combination of artificial intelligence (AI) and manual verification. The results obtained through WTS were compared with those generated by the AI system. Patients were categorized into four groups based on the presence of polyps and whether resections or biopsies were performed. Bland Altman plots were utilized to compare AI‐computed WTS with manually verified WTS. Scatterplots were used to illustrate WTS within the four groups, among different hospitals, and across various physicians. A parallel box plot was employed to depict the proportions of WTS relative to WT within each of the four groups.

Results

The study included 472 patients, with a median age of 55 years, and 57.8% were male. A significant correlation with manually verified WTS (r = 0.918) was observed in AI‐computed WTS. Significant differences in WTS/WT among the four groups were revealed by the parallel box plot (P < 0.001). The group with no detected polyps had the highest WTS/WT, with a median of 0.69 (interquartile range: 0.40, 0.97). WTS patterns were found to be varied between the two hospitals and among senior and junior physicians.

Conclusions

A promising alternative to traditional WT for quality control and training assessment in colonoscopy is offered by AI‐assisted computation of WTS.
A rare case of extraluminal interstitial pregnancy treated with laparoscopic cornuotomy
Authors: Kurosawa Hiroki , Watanabe Tadashi , Sato Naoto , Muraoka Yuma , Matsuzawa Yukiko , Watanabe Yoh
Published: May 2024

We report an extremely rare case of an extraluminal interstitial pregnancy. A 36‐year‐old nulliparous woman visited our hospital during the fifth week of gestation. Although no intrauterine gestational sac (GS) was identified, transabdominal ultrasonography revealed a GS‐like cyst was detected in the right uterine horn. She underwent laparoscopic surgery for a suspected interstitial ectopic pregnancy. After laparoscopic cornuotomy, dye leakage was observed from the fimbria rather than the incision site. Finally, the patient was diagnosed with a right extraluminal interstitial pregnancy. Hysterosalpingography performed at three postoperative months revealed bilateral tubal passage. She conceived 7 months after surgery, with safe delivery by elective cesarean section at 38 weeks.
Genomic evidence for the widespread presence of GH45 cellulases among soil invertebrates
Authors: Muelbaier Hannah , Arthen Freya , Collins Gemma , Hickler Thomas , Hohberg Karin , Lehmitz Ricarda , Pauchet Yannick , Pfenninger Markus , Potapov Anton , Romahn Juliane , Schaefer Ina , Scheu Stefan , Schneider Clément , Ebersberger Ingo , Bálint Miklós
Published: May 2024

Lignocellulose is a major component of vascular plant biomass. Its decomposition is crucial for the terrestrial carbon cycle. Microorganisms are considered primary decomposers, but evidence increases that some invertebrates may also decompose lignocellulose. We investigated the taxonomic distribution and evolutionary origins of GH45 hydrolases, important enzymes for the decomposition of cellulose and hemicellulose, in a collection of soil invertebrate genomes. We found that these genes are common in springtails and oribatid mites. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that cellulase genes were acquired early in the evolutionary history of these groups. Domain architectures and predicted 3D enzyme structures indicate that these cellulases are functional. Patterns of presence and absence of these genes across different lineages prompt further investigation into their evolutionary and ecological benefits. The ubiquity of cellulase genes suggests that soil invertebrates may play a role in lignocellulose decomposition, independently or in synergy with microorganisms. Understanding the ecological and evolutionary implications might be crucial for understanding soil food webs and the carbon cycle.
Mixed reality‐based technology to visualize and facilitate treatment planning of impacted teeth: Proof of concept
Authors: Fudalej Piotr S. , Garlicka Agnieszka , Dołęga‐Dołegowski Damian , Dołęga‐Dołegowska Magda , Proniewska Klaudia , Voborna Iva , Dubovska Ivana
Published: May 2024

Objective

We propose a method utilizing mixed reality (MR) goggles (HoloLens 2, Microsoft) to facilitate impacted canine alignment, as planning the traction direction and force delivery could benefit from 3D data visualization using mixed reality (MR).

Methods

Cone‐beam CT scans featuring isometric resolution and low noise‐to‐signal ratio were semi‐automatically segmented in Inobitec software. The exported 3D mesh (OBJ file) was then optimized for the HoloLens 2. Using the Unreal Engine environment, we developed an application for the HoloLens 2, implementing HoloLens SDK and UX Tools. Adjustable pointers were added for planning attachment placement, traction direction, and point of force application. The visualization was presented to participants of a course on impacted teeth treatment, followed by a 10‐question survey addressing potential advantages (5‐point scale: 1 = totally agree, 5 = totally disagree).

Results

Out of 38 respondents, 44.7% were orthodontists, 34.2% dentists, 15.8% dental students, and 5.3% dental technicians. Most respondents (44.7%) were between 35 and 44 years old, and only 1 (2.6%) respondent was 55–64 years old. Median answers for six questions were ‘totally agree’ (25th percentile 1, 75th percentile 2) and for four questions ‘agree’ (25th percentile 1, 75th percentile 2). No correlation was found between age, profession, and responses.

Conclusion

Our method generated substantial interest among clinicians. The initial responses affirm the potential benefits, supporting the continued exploration of MR‐based techniques for the treatment of impacted teeth. However, the recommendation for widespread use awaits validation through clinical trials.
Factors influencing the development of artificial intelligence in orthodontics
Authors: Lee Ju‐Myung , Moon Jun‐Ho , Park Ji‐Ae , Kim Jong‐Hak , Lee Shin‐Jae
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Since developing AI procedures demands significant computing resources and time, the implementation of a careful experimental design is essential. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors influencing the development of AI in orthodontics.

Materials and Methods

A total of 162 AI models were developed, with various combinations of sample sizes (170, 340, 679), input variables (40, 80, 160), output variables (38, 76, 154), training sessions (100, 500, 1000), and computer specifications (new vs. old). The TabNet deep‐learning algorithm was used to develop these AI models, and leave‐one‐out cross‐validation was applied in training. The goodness‐of‐fit of the regression models was compared using the adjusted coefficient of determination values, and the best‐fit model was selected accordingly. Multiple linear regression analyses were employed to investigate the relationship between the influencing factors.

Results

Increasing the number of training sessions enhanced the effectiveness of the AI models. The best‐fit regression model for predicting the computational time of AI, which included logarithmic transformation of time, sample size, and training session variables, demonstrated an adjusted coefficient of determination of 0.99.

Conclusion

The study results show that estimating the time required for AI development may be possible using logarithmic transformations of time, sample size, and training session variables, followed by applying coefficients estimated through several pilot studies with reduced sample sizes and reduced training sessions.
Application of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac arrhythmia
Authors: Guo Rong‐Xin , Tian Xu , Bazoukis George , Tse Gary , Hong Shenda , Chen Kang‐Yin , Liu Tong
Published: May 2024

The rapid growth in computational power, sensor technology, and wearable devices has provided a solid foundation for all aspects of cardiac arrhythmia care. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been instrumental in bringing about significant changes in the prevention, risk assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of arrhythmia. This review examines the current state of AI in the diagnosis and treatment of atrial fibrillation, supraventricular arrhythmia, ventricular arrhythmia, hereditary channelopathies, and cardiac pacing. Furthermore, ChatGPT, which has gained attention recently, is addressed in this paper along with its potential applications in the field of arrhythmia. Additionally, the accuracy of arrhythmia diagnosis can be improved by identifying electrode misplacement or erroneous swapping of electrode position using AI. Remote monitoring has expanded greatly due to the emergence of contactless monitoring technology as wearable devices continue to develop and flourish. Parallel advances in AI computing power, ChatGPT, availability of large data sets, and more have greatly expanded applications in arrhythmia diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatment. More precise algorithms based on big data, personalized risk assessment, telemedicine and mobile health, smart hardware and wearables, and the exploration of rare or complex types of arrhythmia are the future direction.
Work injuries and mental health challenges: A meta‐analysis of the bidirectional relationship
Authors: Granger Steve , Turner Nick
Published: May 2024

The link between work injuries and mental health challenges significantly impacts individuals, organizations, and society. However, an integrated understanding of their relationship is lacking due to fragmented research across various disciplines. Drawing from uncertainty in illness theory, our comprehensive meta‐analysis (147 samples, N = 1,457,562) clarifies the bidirectional relationship between work injuries and mental health challenges. We estimate the average strength of the association, compare temporal ordering (work injuries preceding mental health challenges, and vice versa), explore underlying mechanisms, and identify potential moderating factors. Results from a random‐effects model reveal a moderate association between work injuries and mental health challenges (k = 147, ρ = .21, 95% CI = .19, .24, 95% CR = −.11, .50). Notably, the relationship is stronger when work injuries precede mental health challenges (k = 40, ρ = .23, 95% CI = .18, .29, 95% CR = −.10, .52) compared to the reverse (k = 18, ρ = .11, 95% CI = .03, .19, 95% CR = −.23, .42). Negative cognitions and perceived job demand underlie the bidirectional relationships between work injuries and mental health challenges. These findings highlight the interconnected nature of work injuries and mental health challenges, illustrating the need for comprehensive rehabilitation approaches that integrate physical and psychological care, and paving the way for future research and interventions.
Reversing functional extinction: successful restoration of eradicated oyster reefs
Authors: McAfee Dominic , McLeod Lachlan D. , Carruthers Sandy , Connell Sean D.
Published: May 2024

Functionally extinct ecosystems, those that have been locally eradicated save for remnant individuals, are unlikely to naturally recover over meaningful human time frames. However, ecosystem restoration provides opportunities to reverse functional extinction by rapidly addressing the physical and/or biological barriers that prevent natural recovery. Here, we assess the restoration progress of a native Flat oyster (Ostrea angasi) reef ecosystem in South Australia that was eradicated from the Australian mainland approximately 100 years ago. In the absence of any reference Flat oyster ecosystems in the region, restoration progress was assessed relative to ecological targets informed by a combination of local rocky reef ecosystems and an interim Flat oyster reference model informed by Australia's sole remaining O. angasi reef, in Tasmania. Two and half a years after the restoration was initiated via the construction of 14 boulder reefs, we observed densities of restored native adult O. angasi (192 ± 19 m−2; mean ± 1 SE) that exceeded oyster densities observed on the sole remaining natural reef. Communities of macroinvertebrates on the reef restoration represented approximately 60% of the biodiversity observed on healthy rocky reef reference systems, while ecological functions (e.g. filter feeding) are demonstrably increasing. The rate of recovery of this benthic ecosystem, from functionally extinct to a restored Flat oyster reef ecosystem within several years, demonstrates the latent resilience of degraded oyster communities and the capacity for effective marine restorations to achieve rapid ecological recoveries.
The hidden side of Social Europe: Revealing welfare Euroscepticism through focus group discussions
Authors: Eick Gianna M.
Published: May 2024

While the public opinion literature on Social Europe is growing, so far, it relies on quantitative survey evidence that hides some of the arguments and motivations lying behind the standardized results. This article reveals through qualitative research that ‘welfare Euroscepticism’ (i.e., opposition towards Social Europe) needs more attention in the literature and explains why. Specifically, this article uses qualitative focus group discussions on Social Europe collected in Germany, the Netherlands, Poland and Spain (134 participants in total). The participants filled out a quantitative survey before the discussions started and these survey results are in line with the usual public opinion literature on Social Europe, that is, relatively supportive of the social dimension of the EU. However, multi‐faceted welfare Eurosceptic attitudes appeared throughout the discussion. While participants may support the general idea of a Social Europe, they are highly critical about how it actually works in practice. The analysis reveals that the public is sceptic towards both harmonizing social policies on the EU level and redistributive social policy instruments on the EU level. Three overarching and partly overlapping rationales appear to drive welfare Euroscepticism: (1) economic self‐interest, (2) cultural ideology and (3) the democratic deficit. The results emphasize the public preferences for more conditional redistributive policies and the need to make Social Europe more visible to the public.
Rhnull phenotype in an Indian patient due to a novel c.1138 + 2 t > a mutation in the RHAG gene
Authors: Banerjee Soumee , Mathur Ankit , Hurkat Neha , Chakraborty Santanu , Reddy T. V.
Published: May 2024

Background

The Rh system is an extremely important RBC antigen system with over 50 antigens, 5 of which (D, C, E, c and e) are considered most clinically significant. The rare Rhnull phenotype can result from mutations in the RHD and RHCE genes or the RHAG gene that affects their expression. This is a case report of the second type.

Case Report

This case reports a multiparous lady who had to be evaluated for a panreactive antibody. The discrepancy was first identified at the centre she reported to. A thorough immunohematological workup was performed at a second reference laboratory. Suspecting Rhnull phenotype, a third referral (molecular typing) was requested at International Blood Group Reference Laboratory (IBGRL), Bristol.

Results

A novel RHAG null allele (c.1138+2t>a), causing a Rhnull phenotype was identified. The antibody was most likely an anti‐Rh 29 antibody.

Conclusion

The novel c.1138+2 t > a mutation in the RHAG gene causing the Rhnull phenotype and development of a pan reacting antibody(ies) made the patient's pregnancy challenging. Confirmation of the diagnosis, an important step in her management, required use of both serological immunohematology and molecular techniques.
The construction of canine distal limb models used in teaching sonography identification of vegetal foreign bodies
Authors: Schoenfeld Ebony , Stanley Felicity , Combs Martin , Callcott Esther , Williams Alexandra , Rotne Randi
Published: May 2024

Musculoskeletal ultrasonography is a useful tool to identify radiolucent vegetal foreign bodies (VFBs). However, limited ultrasound experience and unfamiliarity with the normal sonographic appearance of anatomical structures can decrease clinician confidence. This study aimed to design a reusable silicone model that can teach VFB identification within the canine distal limb. Four canine hindlimbs were used to design the silicone models, and 12 canine distal forelimbs were constructed. The model was constructed using cadaver bones, barley grass (Avena fatua) seeds, and silicone to mimic the anatomy of the canine distal limb with a grass seed VFB. Limbs were randomly grouped based on grass seed locations: (1) the interdigital webbing, (2) the palmar surface of the canine forelimb immediately proximal to the metacarpal pad, (3) the dorsal surface of the distal limb immediately proximal to the proximal phalange, or (4) no grass seed (control) placed. Each limb was systematically ultrasounded and compared with cadaver limbs and clinical VFB cases. A comparison of ultrasonographic images validated the construction, revealing that the simulation model replicates the anatomical and echotexture characteristics of the normal canine distal limb. Furthermore, these models also have a likeness to clinical canine distal limb VFB cases and can be utilized as a training tool.