bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning Artificial Intelligence Evaluation of Optical Coherence Tomography Scans in a Non-infectious Pan-uveitis Cohort
Authors: Barbosa Joshua , Zlojutro Paul , Gardner Peter , Le Kim , Lin Xihui
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND: To evaluate Deep Learning (DL) Artificial Intelligence (AI) application to optical coherence tomography scans of non-infectious pan-uveitis patients. METHODS: Consecutive patients with non-infectious pan-uveitis were included in the study if they had an OCT scan (Zeiss, Germany) of the macula. Inflammation was graded on the Nussenblatt scoring system by a uveitis specialist. A DL AI system developed using Python 3.9 and open source TensorFlow software was then trained to classify inflammation as high, low, or none. Performance was assessed by AUC scores. Training to cross-validation used an 80:20 split with 2000 iterations in all evaluations.RESULTS: 154 scans of 52 patients were analyzed. 38 (70.4%) of patients were female and the mean age of participants was 50.3 ± 15.5 years. 58 (37.7%) of OCT scans were graded as no inflammation, 61 (39.6%) scans as mild inflammation, and 35 (22.7%) scans as high inflammation. The AUC for OCT images was 0.830 (CI95: 0.784 to 0.876).CONCLUSION: Deep Learning AI can be applied in the grading of non-infectious pan-uveitis OCT scans in a precise manner.
Activation of HCN channels caused by elevated cAMP levels in periaqueductal gray promotes bone cancer pain
Authors: Lei Xiaolu , Yan Yan , Zeng Junwei , Wang Rong , Li Song , Xiao Zhi , Liu Xiaohong
Published: June 2022

The periaqueductal gray (PAG) is an important relay center for the descending pathways that regulate nociceptive information transduction. Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels play critical roles in the nerve injury-induced pain hypersensitivity. Previous studies have identified that HCN1 and HCN2 channel protein located in the ventral-lateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG), a region important for pain regulation. However, it is not clear whether the HCN channel in vlPAG is involved in bone cancer pain (BCP). In this study, we assessed the role of HCN channels in BCP by measuring changes of HCN channel expression and activity in vlPAG neurons in bone cancer rats. In the present study, the BCP model was established by injecting SHZ-88 breast cancer cells into the right tibia bone marrow in rats. The mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured to evaluate pain behavior in rats. HCN1 and HCN2 channels expression in vlPAG were detected by using Western Blot and immunohistochemistry. In addition, the cAMP level in vlPAG neurons was detected by ELISA, and HCN channel current (Ih) of vlPAG neurons was recorded by whole cell patch-clamp to evaluate HCN channel activity. As a result, decreased MWT and TWL were observed in rats on 7d after SHZ-88 cell inoculation, and the allodynia was sustained until 21d after inoculation. At the same time, HCN1 and HCN2 channels expression and neuronal Ih in vlPAG were significantly increased in BCP rats. In addition, the level of cAMP in vlPAG also increased after SHZ-88 cell inoculation. Furthermore, intravlPAG injection of ZD7288 (HCN channels antagonist) could significantly reduce hyperalgesia and the elevation of cAMP in vlPAG in BCP rats. Our observations suggest that the elevation of cAMP may promote the activation of HCN channels in vlPAG in bone cancer rats, thereby promoting the development of bone cancer pain.
Long-term retrospective study on the incidence of urinary calculi in Wuwei, Gansu Province, China, 1995–2016
Authors: Zhang Shuyuan , Song Shuxuan , Ji Zhaohua , Liu Kun , Ye Yancheng , Zhang Wenhua , Chen Yajun , Shao Zhongjun , Long Yong , Zhang Weilu
Published: June 2022

Objective: This long-term retrospective study explored the cause of increasing urinary calculi in Wuwei, China, from 1995 to 2016.Methods: Joinpoint v10.0, SPSS v22.0, and Excel 2019 were adopted to extract and analyze the medical records of patients with urolithiasis from 12 hospitals in Wuwei city. ArcGIS v10.8 was employed to establish a geographical distribution map and spatial and spatiotemporal analyses were applied to detect epidemic clusters using SaTScan v9.6.Results: Among the 5 497 patients with urolithiasis (mean age 43.07 ± 15.95 years), the majority were male (3 843, 69.9%), resulting in a sex ratio of 2.32:1. The incidence of urolithiasis in males and females showed an overall upward trend, with an annual percentage change (APC) of 15.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 12.3%–18.1%) and 9.4% (95% CI: 16.4%–22.5%), respectively. From 1995 to 2016, the temporal and spatial distribution of urolithiasis showed an increasing trend in overall incidence and area, and we identified four clusters that allowed for the development and dynamic monitoring of urolithiasis in Wuwei. With the implementation of the new Rural Cooperative Medical Care System (NRCMS), improved insurance reimbursement and coverage for urolithiasis should help reduce the disease burden.Conclusions: In this study, the incidence of urolithiasis showed an upward trend between 1995 and 2016. Regular disease screening and early diagnosis for high-risk populations should be strengthened, which will help improve the prevention and treatment of urolithiasis. This study should provide a reference for local governments to initiate policies for the prevention and treatment of urolithiasis.
Sex differences exist in adult heart group 2 innate lymphoid cells
Authors: Peng Hongyan , Wu Shuting , Wang Shanshan , Yang Qinglan , Wang Lili , Zhang Shuju , Huang Minghui , Li Yana , Xiong Peiwen , Zhang Zhaohui , Cai Yue , Li Liping , Deng Yafei , Deng Youcai
Published: June 2022

Background: Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are the most dominant ILCs in heart tissue, sex-related differences exist in mouse lung ILC2 phenotypes and functions; however, it is still unclear whether there are sex differences in heart ILC2s.Results: Compared with age-matched wild-type (WT) male mice, 8-week-old but not 3 week-old WT female mice harbored an obviously greater percentage and number of heart ILC2s in homeostasis present. However, the percentage of killer-cell lectin-like receptor G1 (Klrg1)- ILC2s were higher but the Klrg1+ ILC2s were lower in female mice than in male mice in both the heart tissue of 3- and 8-week-old mice. Eight-week-old Rag2-/- mice also showed sex differences similar to those of age-matched WT mice. Regarding surface marker expression, compared to age-matched male mice, WT female mice showed higher expression of CD90.2, and lower expression of Klrg1 and Sca-1 in heart total ILC2s. No sex difference in IL-4 and IL-5 secretion by male and female mice heart ILC2s. Increased IL-33 mRNA levels within the heart tissues were also found in female mice compared with male mice.Conclusions: These results have revealed the greater numbers of ILC2s, higher expression of CD90.2, reduced Klrg1 and Sca-1 expression in the heart of female mice than male mice and no sex difference in IL-4 and IL-5 production in male and female mice heart ILC2s. These sex differences of heart ILC2s might be due to the heterogeneity of IL-33 within the heart tissue.
Detailed characterization of PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA4 expression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in yolk sac tumors
Authors: Xu Hanjie , Zhang Danya , Zhao Can , Qin Lingzhi , Wei Rui , Xi Ling , Li Fei
Published: June 2022

Background: Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is considered as a promising approach for cancer treatment. However, the potency of ICB therapy in yolk sac tumors (YSTs) has not been confirmed, and the comprehensive analysis of tumor immune microenvironment and the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA4 were also not thoroughly evaluated.Methods: Immunohistochemistry was performed in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor specimens from 23 YSTs patients to detect the density and distribution of tumor-infiltrating T cells, tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs), as well as the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA4. Results: Overall, more than half (61%) of all patients exhibited an immune-desert phenotype based on CD3+ T cells. PD-1 expression was identified in five tumor samples (21.7%), and PD-L1 expression exhibited a different positive rate in tumor cells (TCs) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) (39.1% and 17.4%). Noteworthily, the rate of positive CTLA4 expression in both TCs and TILs was markedly higher (69.6% and 56.5%) than those of PD-1 and PD-L1 expression. Furthermore, TLSs were observed in 21.74% of all tissues, and samples with TLSs exhibited significantly higher densities of TILs and higher expression of immune checkpoint molecules, particularly PD-1/PD-L1. In addition, tumors located in testes also exhibited a higher density of TILs and higher expression of immune checkpoint molecules.Conclusion: Although a high frequency of CTLA4 expression was found, PD-1/PD-L1 expression, the immune-inflamed phenotype, and TLSs were low frequency in YSTs, suggesting that only a few YSTs patients may be benefit form ICB therapy. Remarkably, patients with tumors located in testes are more likely to benefit from ICB therapy.
The effects of romosozumab combined with active vitamin D 3 on fracture healing in ovariectomized rats
Authors: Takase Ryota , Tsubouchi Yuta , Otsu Takefumi , Kataoka Takashi , Iwasaki Tatsuya , Kataoka Masashi , Tsumura Hiroshi
Published: June 2022

Background: In this study, we investigated the potential acceleration of fracture healing and the bone mineral density-increasing effects of the combination therapy of romosozumab and active vitamin D3 on fractures in ovariectomized rats.Methods: Ovariectomy was performed on forty 24-week-old female Sprague–Dawley rats. After 8 weeks, the rats underwent removal of the periosteum and osteotomy of the femoral shaft followed by osteosynthesis with intramedullary nailing to create fracture models. After surgery, the 40 rats were divided into four groups: the C group (control), the R group (romosozumab, 25 mg/kg, once a month via subcutaneous injection), the VD group (active vitamin D3, 0.2 µg/kg, twice a week via subcutaneous injection), and the R + VD group. A further 10 rats were prepared as the sham group. Ten weeks postintervention, both femurs were removed from all rats, and blood was collected. Soft X‑ray imaging was used to evaluate bone union, and microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) was used for bone morphometric evaluation. Toluidine blue staining of undecalcified specimens was used for histopathological evaluation, and bone turnover marker levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results: Bone morphometry analysis by micro-CT revealed increased mineral density of the trabecular bone in rat femurs from the R + VD group, demonstrating the effectiveness of combination therapy with romosozumab plus active vitamin D3. However, no differences in bone union evaluated using soft X-ray imaging were observed, demonstrating no acceleration of fracture healing.Conclusions: Although combination therapy with romosozumab and active vitamin D3 increased the trabecular bone volume, there was no evidence that it could accelerate fracture healing.
E2F1 and MYC activated SNHG15 promotes gastric cancer progression via interacting with miR-24-3p to regulate cell cycle and ferroptosis
Authors: Duan Yantao , Li Kun , Dou Yi , Dong Yang , Huang Binhao , Guo Jing , Kong Pengfei , Liu Yifan , Liu Bin , Long Manmei , Chen Xu , Kang Wei , Wei Gonghong , Cai Qiliang , Xu Dazhi
Published: June 2022

Background: The regulatory loop between long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) plays a dynamic role in transcriptional and translational regulation, and is involved in carcinogenesis. However, the regulatory circuitry between lncRNAs and miRNAs in gastric cancer (GC) remains elusive.Methods: The novel SNHG15 was identifed by analyzing RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data of GC tissues from our cohort and TCGA dataset, and further validated by qRT-PCR in GC cells and tissues. Gain- and loss-of-function assays were performed to examine the role of SNHG15 on GC both in vitro and in vivo. The regulatory mechanisms of SNHG15 were investigated by bioinformatics, fuorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), luciferase reporter assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. Meanwhile, the oncogenic activity of SNHG15 was explored in both GC cells and animal xenograft studies.Results: SNHG15 is highly expressed in GC. The enhanced SNHG15 exists in GC and positively correlates with malignant stage and poor prognosis in GC patients. Gain- and loss-of-function studies showed that SNHG15 was required for affecting cell growth, migration and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the oncogenic transcription factors E2F1 and MYC could bind to the SNHG15 promoter and enhance its expression. Meanwhile, SNHG15 increased E2F1, MYC and CDC25A mRNA expression by sponging miR-24-3p. In addition, SNHG15 could also inhibit ferroptosis through a miR-24-3p-mediated regulation of MDM2/p53/SLC7A11 signalling axis.Conclusions: Our results support a novel model in which the E2F1, MYC/SNHG15/miR-24-3p crosstalk served as the critical effectors in GC tumorigenesis and progression, providing a new therapeutic direction in the treatment of GC.
Machine learning-based evidence and attribution mapping of 100,000 climate impact studies
Authors: Callaghan Max , Schleussner Carl-Friedrich , Nath Shruti , Lejeune Quentin , Knutson Thomas R. , Reichstein Markus , Hansen Gerrit , Theokritoff Emily , Andrijevic Marina , Brecha Robert J. , Hegarty Michael , Jones Chelsea , Lee Kaylin , Lucas Agathe , Maanen Nicole van , Menke Inga , Pfleiderer Peter , Yesil Burcu , Minx Jan C.
Published: June 2022

An ever-growing body of evidence suggests that climate change is already impacting human and natural systems around the world. Global environmental assessments assessing this evidence, for example by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)1, face increasing challenges to appraise an exponentially growing literature2 and diverse approaches to climate change attribution. Here we use the language representation model BERT to identify and classify studies on observed climate impacts, producing a machine-learning-assisted evidence map which provides the most comprehensive picture of the literature to date. We identify 100,724 (62,950 − 162,838) publications covering a broad range of impacts in human and natural systems across all continents. By combining our spatially resolved database with human-attributable changes in temperature and precipitation on the grid cell level, we infer that attributable climate change impacts may be occurring in regions encompassing 85% (80%) of the world's population (land area). Our results also reveal a substantial 'attribution gap' as robust evidence for attributable impacts is twice as prevalent in high income compared to low income countries. While substantial gaps remain on confidently establishing attributable climate impacts at the regional and sectoral level, our unique database illustrates the broad extent to which anthropogenic climate change may already be impacting natural systems and societies across the globe.
Development of Wavelet Based Image Compression Approach Using Modified SPIHT Algorithm
Authors: Shelke Sandeep Kashinath , Sinha Sanjeet k. , Patel Govind Singh
Published: June 2022

In case of images & videos, the encoding philosophy is substantially different as compared to that of speech. The very basic difference between image & speech is that, the speech signals are one dimensional, whereas the images are two dimensional in nature. Modern day images can have the resolution in the range of ‘1024 x 1024’, this means there will 1 Mega Pixels & for color images, 1 pixel is represented by 24 bits (8 bits for each pixel component of red, green & blue), that means there are 24 Megabits in a single still image. In videos such still images are changing at 30 frames per second, so the basic bit rate going to be 30 times of 24 Megabits, this leads to the explosion in information. This demands compression of images at significant extent. In this work, image compression is achieved by using transformation based on modified lifting wavelet structure followed by quantization based on modified set partition in hierarchical tree (SPIHT) algorithm. This modification in SPIHT algorithm helps to reduce the bit stream length of compressed signal to significant extent as compared to conventional SPIHT algorithm. The proposed architecture is developed with Verilog language and simulated with modelsim simulator and synthesized with XST(VHDL/Verilog) tool of Xilinx software under Virtex6-XC6VLX240TD environment. The comparative analysis of proposed system with existing system shows that, there is significant improvement in compression ratio & PSNR.
PECULIARITIES OF FORMATION OF FACTORS OF INCREASING COMPETITIVENESS IN THE INTERNATIONAL MARKET OF EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
Authors: Vorontsova A. , Malyshenko Y.
Published: June 2022

This work is devoted to the study of factors that shape the competitiveness of higher education institutions in the international market of educational services. To this end, the work considers the areas of state participation, which provide incentives for the export of educational services that have not only financial but also reputational and innovative benefits. In addition, it is noted that specialized organizations that operate in many countries and are involved in attracting foreign students to their country (for example, national agencies, academic services, educational foundations, international exchange centers, etc.) and educational TNCs (as DAAD, British Council, CIMO, EduFrance 35, IDP Education Australia, etc.) play an important role. International organizations (such as the Council of Europe, UNESCO, the World Bank, the OECD, etc.) also form an information and advisory field for the international market of educational services, public authorities - regulatory. Increasing competition in the international market of educational services encourages the identification of factors that affect the competitiveness of educational institutions and their competitive advantages. These include the following: stability of financial and economic situation and flexible pricing policy, development of international relations and its advertising activities, the formation of a positive image, the availability of innovative educational programs using information technology, geographical location, specifics of public and private funding, teaching quality and training, etc. However, it is necessary not only to have them, but also to use them correctly, depending on the specifics of each educational institution. In addition, rankings are considered an effective tool for ensuring the quality of higher education. In the course of this work the top institutions of higher education according to QS World University Ranking, Academic Ranking of World Universities, Times Higher Education World University Ranking are analyzed. This revealed that American higher education institutions have the greatest competitive advantages in the international market of educational services and accumulate a large percentage of foreign students.
Measuring H2O concentrations in olivine by secondary ion mass spectrometry: Challenges and paths forward
Authors: Towbin W. Henry , Plank Terry , Klein Emily , Hauri Erik
Published: June 2022

Trace concentrations of H2O in olivine strongly affect diverse mantle and magmatic processes. H2O in olivine has been difficult to accurately quantify due to challenges in sample preparation and measurement, as well as significant uncertainties in standard calibrations. Here we directly compare secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) measurements of the olivine standards of Bell et al. (2003, hereafter Bell03) and Withers et al. (2012, hereafter Withers12) upon which most SIMS and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses are based. In the same SIMS session, we find that the olivine standards from the two studies are offset by ~50%, forming lines of different slope when comparing SIMS measurements to the independent nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) in Bell03 and elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA) in Withers12. This offset is similar to the ~40% offset that exists in the FTIR absorption coefficients determined by those two studies, and points to the NRAERDA data as the cause for the offset more than different IR absorption characteristics of the different olivines. We find that the Withers12 olivine standards form the most precise calibration line, and that the measured Bell03 olivine standards have issues of reproducibility and accuracy due to the presence of hydrous inclusions (as documented previously by Mosenfelder et al. 2011). Owing to the limited availability of the Withers12 olivine standards, however, we recommend using orthopyroxene standards (Kumamoto et al. 2017) to calibrate H2O in olivine by SIMS due to similar calibration slopes. We revise the reference values of current orthopyroxene standards to account for uncertainties in the Bell et al. (1995) manometry data. With these revised values, the orthopyroxene calibration line is within 12% of the Withers12 olivine line, which is within the long-term uncertainty of the SIMS olivine measurements. We apply our SIMS calibration protocol to revise estimates of the partition coefficients for H2O between olivine and melt, resulting in a value of 0.0009 ± 0.0003 at pressures ~0.2–2 GPa. This brings into closer agreement between the partition coefficients determined from experimental studies and those based on natural studies of olivine-hosted melt inclusions.
Next-to-leading power SCET in Higgs amplitudes induced by light quarks
Authors: Wang Xing
Published: June 2022

In this article, we report how to use the "plus-type"
subtraction scheme to deal with endpoint divergences in
h\rightarrow\gamma\gammah→γγ
or gg\rightarrow hgg→h
amplitudes induced by light quark loop, which can be formulated by
next-to-leading power (NLP) SCET. This subtraction is ensured by two
re-factorization conditions, which have been proven to all orders in
\alpha_sαs.
Based on these conditions, cutoffs emerge naturally after some
re-arrangements to handle endpoint divergences and renormalization is
compatible with that. Our formalism can analytically reproduce
three-loop amplitudes up to \ln^3(-M_h^2/m_b^2-i0)ln3(−Mh2/mb2−i0)
and resum to next-to-leading logarithm and beyond.
All-order renormalization of electric charge in the Standard Model and beyond
Authors: Dittmaier Stefan
Published: June 2022

Electric charge, as defined in the Thomson limit of the
electron–photon interaction vertex, is renormalized to all orders both
in the Standard Model and in any spontaneously broken gauge theory with
gauge group G\timesG×U(1)
with a group factor U(1) that mixes with electromagnetic gauge symmetry.
In the framework of the background-field method the charge
renormalization constant Z_eZe
is directly obtained from the photon wave-function renormalization
constant, similar to the situation in QED, which proves charge
universality as a byproduct. Exploiting charge universality in arbitrary
R_\xiRξ
gauge by formulating the charge renormalization condition for a ``fake
fermion’’ that couples only via an infinitesimal electric charge,
Z_eZe
can be expressed in terms of renormalization constants that are obtained
solely from gauge-boson self-energies.
Herramienta para el diagnóstico de acciones de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial hacia la construcción de paz a través de las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas, mipymes
Authors: Rincon Alarcon Jose Manuel , Ávila Garavito Emma , Fragozo Manjarrez Obed Alfonso , Rodríguez Aguilar Bexsi , González Cortés Luz Dary
Published: June 2022

El conflicto armado interno gestado en Colombia debilitó su estructura productiva y el tejido socio económico, generando una profundización de las brechas de pobreza y desigualdad. En este sentido, las mipymes, debido a su fuerte presencia territorial, se configuran como actores dinamizadores hacia la construcción de paz a partir de la cohesión de los entes del Estado y la ciudadanía en escenarios de conflicto armado.
Por lo anterior, este artículo presenta el diseño de la “Herramienta metodológica para el diagnóstico de acciones de responsabilidad social empresarial de las mipymes hacia la Construcción de Paz territorial”, con el fin de identificar las condiciones positivas y negativas que, desde la Gobernanza, hacen posible o dificultan la implicación de estas organizaciones en dicho proceso, generando insumos para proyectar estrategias territoriales que posibiliten la construcción de paz desde la RSE.
Palabras clave: Responsabilidad Social Empresarial; consolidación de la paz; pequeña empresa; desarrollo regional; control de calidad-ISO26000.
Visiones y debates de la cooperación sur-sur y triangular. Actores gubernamentales, sociales y privados
Authors: Fagaburu Debora
Published: June 2022

El objetivo de este texto es reseñar Visiones y debates de la cooperación sur-sur y triangular: actores gubernamentales, sociales y privados, un libro de carácter académico editado y coordinado por la Dra. Tahina Ojeda Medina y publicado en julio de 2020 por el Instituto Universitario de Desarrollo y Cooperación de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid y la Editorial Los Libros de la Catarata. En el marco de las teorías de las Relaciones Internacionales, la obra compila los trabajos de un grupo de autores dedicados a la investigación y a la asistencia técnica sobre el campo de estudio de la cooperación sur-sur y de la cooperación triangular latinoamericana e iberoamericana. En el contexto de la Agenda 2030 y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, los seis capítulos manifiestan diversas estrategias teóricas y prácticas para decodificar las motivaciones, intereses y objetivos de los diferentes actores inmersos en los procesos de estas modalidades de cooperación. Con una perspectiva crítica, los trabajos de la obra resaltan los desafíos que enfrentan los países del Sur para adaptarse y apropiarse de la Agenda 2030, pero también la existencia de capacidades instaladas y experiencias que brindan un piso de oportunidades para mejorar la eficiencia y la eficacia de la cooperación sur-sur y de la cooperación triangular de mano de actores clave a nivel intergubernamental. Ello conduce a destacar el vínculo entre política exterior, la política de cooperación y su influencia en las actuaciones de los Estados y los diversos actores intergubernamentales en el plano doméstico, así como el relacionamiento entre aquellos y actores del sector privado y organizaciones de la sociedad civil. En conclusión, el libro combina la teoría y la práctica de la cooperación sur-sur y de la cooperación triangular en América Latina e Iberoamérica resaltando, por un lado, la multiplicidad de actores que se sumergen en su implementación desarrollando un juego de roles de acuerdo a intereses que pueden ser conflictivos pero complementarios, y por otro lado, los aportes de estas ejecuciones al logro de la Agenda 2030 y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, pues pueden ser poco visibles pero contundentes. Por todo ello, la lectura de Visiones y debates de la cooperación sur-sur y triangular: actores gubernamentales, sociales y privados es altamente recomendable, no solo para los miembros de la academia, sino también para los policy makers y los diversos actores que la practican, a los fines de comprender de forma más integral su accionar en los procesos de estas modalidades de cooperación e identificar respuestas a los actuales desafíos del sistema internacional.
Palabras clave: Cooperación sur-sur; Cooperación triangular; Actores; Agenda 2030; Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible.
Principios orientadores para la investigación y judicialización de la trata de personas cuando su comisión involucra actores indígenas
Authors: Diaz Echeverri Maria Ximena
Published: June 2022

La trata de personas es un delito transnacional que reviste cada vez mayor relevancia en los ámbitos nacional e internacional. Lograr su total erradicación se ha convertido incluso en una de las metas de los objetivos de sostenibilidad –concretamente la meta 8.7–, pero para lograr una real lucha contra este delito es necesario que toda la sociedad esté de acuerdo en su persecución y castigo. De lo contrario, las redes que protegen su comisión se fortalecen permeando aquellos escalones de la sociedad que no están dispuestos a reprimir este delito y que por el contrario buscan “normalizar” su comisión, incentivando estereotipos bajo los cuales ciertas personas, especialmente mujeres, niños y población vulnerable pueden ser sometidos a los designios de otra persona. Una de las poblaciones más afectadas por esta conducta es la población indígena, de donde no sólo se extraen personas para ser tratadas sino que además ocurren las mismas conductas al interior de ciertas comunidades y bajo el “amparo” de ciertas tradiciones o cosmovisiones ancestrales. A pesar de la independencia reconocida a la jurisdicción indígena, la vulneración de la dignidad humana exige canales de comunicación con la jurisdicción ordinaria orientados a impedir que el delito se siga propagando.
En este artículo se recogen principios orientadores que permiten cruzar puentes entre la jurisdicción especial indígena y la jurisdicción ordinaria para que sea posible luchar contra el delito de trata de personas con independencia de la jurisdicción que asuma el conocimiento de cada caso. Se espera de esta manera contribuir a que ningún caso de trata, incluidos aquellos en los que se involucran actores indígenas, quede marginado al silencio de la justicia, sino que existan y puedan consultarse las herramientas que faciliten el diálogo interjurisdiccional y el encuentro intercultural para rescatar siempre la dignidad humana e impedir que esta siga siendo desdibujada en el seno de cualquier sociedad.
Palabras clave: jurisdicción indígena, delito, trata de personas, comunidades, indígenas. 
En este artículo se recogen ciertos principios orientadores que permiten cruzar puentes entre la jurisdicción especial indígena y la jurisdicción ordinaria para que sea posible luchar contra el delito de trata de personas con independencia de la jurisdicción que asuma el conocimiento de cada caso. Se espera de esta manera contribuir a que ningún caso de trata, incluidos aquellos en los que se involucran actores indígenas quede marginado al silencio de la justicia, sino que existan y puedan consultarse las herramientas que faciliten el diálogo interjurisdiccional y el encuentro intercultural para rescatar siempre la dignidad humana e impedir que esta siga siendo desdibujada en el seno de cualquier sociedad.
Propidium monoazide-quantitative PCR to detect viable Legionella spp. in the supply process of tap water
Authors: Lee Eun-Sook , Han Ji-Sun
Published: June 2022

Legionella are common in the aquatic environment and are responsible for legionellosis including severe pneumonia and Pontiac fever. The culture method has some limitations in quickly detecting viable Legionella. Therefore, we optimized real-time PCR (qPCR) combined with propidium monoazide (PMA) to quantify viable Legionella in the supply process of tap water, considering factors such as PMA concentration, length of the target gene, and turbidity of water samples. Among 30, 50, 100, and 200 μM PMA concentration, 100 μM PMA had the greatest difference in copy number between PMA-treated live and dead cells while minimizing the cytotoxic effect on live cells. Among the various sizes of the target gene (108, 386, 456, and 654 bp), the primer in 386 bp size effectively excluded dead cells without loss of qPCR efficiency. As a result of applying the PMA-qPCR method to samples including river, purified water, and tap water, live and dead cells could be distinguished for samples with turbidity of less than 10 NTU. The optimized PMA-qPCR can be a useful method of rapidly detecting viable Legionella spp. in the process of supplying tap water, and contributing to tap water that is safe from pathogens.
Aspectos gerais da economia solidária e a busca pela consolidação de um marco regulatório
Authors: De Oliveira May Yduan , Luz dos Santos Lara Caroline
Published: June 2022

Propõe-se especificamente com a elaboração deste artigo localizar toda a legislação correlata atual e em projeto. Busca-se consolidar o marco regulatório da economia solidária no Brasil, para analisar os limites e as possibilidades dos dispositivos identificados para a promoção da economia solidária. Discorre-se acerca das alternativas no 1º Plano Nacional de Economia Solidária 2015-2019 para impulsionar os empreendimentos solidários e promover a economia solidária no País, abordando-se dois temas: a necessidade de apoio e reconhecimento das práticas de comércio justo e solidário e o desenvolvimento de ações educativas de formação, incubação e assessoria técnica, encontrando a regulamentação legal para essas alternativas. Com intuito de atender aos objetivos desta pesquisa o estudo planejado foi realizado utilizando-se do método de abordagem dialético, com métodos de procedimento comparativo; e, método de interpretação sociológico por meio da técnica de pesquisa de documentação indireta de fontes primárias e secundárias.
Bolsonaro, a teologia do poder autoritário e um diagnóstico político para 2022
Authors: Lima de Oliveira Valtenci , Murta de Almeida Fábio Py
Published: June 2022

A presente entrevista foi realizada em decorrência da palestra realizada pelo Prof. Fábio Py em programação promovida pelo Instituto Humanitas de Estudos Integrados, e do Grupo de Pesquisa Mythos-Logos, disponível em https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhaL1WmWq84
Vitamins Analysis by Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Liu Xuan , Li Jinhui , Zhao Fei , Liu Zhuoting , Schepdael Ann Van , Wang Xu
Published: June 2022

Vitamins are a series of trace compounds obtained from food that play
important roles in human health. Vitamin analysis is essential for nutritional
assessment and food production. A comprehensive overview of capillary
electrophoresis for vitamins analysis is given. This chapter includes papers published
since 1996 and can be seen as a guidance note of vitamins analysis using capillary
electrophoresis. The analyses are discussed for water-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble
vitamins according to different separation modes. In addition, various sample
pretreatment methods avoiding matrix interferences with the analysis of vitamins are
also described. Articles pertaining to different vitamins from a variety of food and
beverages, dietary supplements, and pharmaceutical samples are included. This chapter
highlights the unique performance of capillary electrophoresis for the qualitative
analysis of vitamins in food.
Chiral Capillary Electrophoresis in Food Analysis
Authors: Bernardo-Bermejo Samuel , Sánchez-López Elena , Castro-Puyana María , Luisa Marina María
Published: June 2022

Chiral analysis is a powerful tool in Food Science for quality and safety assessment since the enantiomeric composition of food samples can reveal adulterations, the effects of processing and storage or give valuable information on the bioactivity, traceability or even toxicity of foods. This chapter describes the potential of Capillary Electrophoresis in the chiral analysis of food and beverages. The separation modes used in CE for the chiral analysis of food samples are described, including different strategies for sample preparation and sensitivity enhancement. The most relevant applications developed in the period from 2010 to the present are depicted and the main conclusions and future prospects are outlined.
Application of Capillary Electrophoresis to Food Authentication
Authors: Kvasnička František
Published: June 2022

This chapter deals with the issue of food authenticity and applications of
capillary electrophoresis in this field. An overview of food adulteration, including the
frequency of adulteration of selected commodities and a list of methods used to prove
authenticity or detect food adulteration, is presented. An overview of applications of
capillary electrophoresis for food authentication is supplemented by specific cases
described in more detail.
The Role of Capillary Electrophoresis to Guarantee the Quality and Safety of Dietary Supplements
Authors: Donati Enrica , Aturki Zeineb
Published: June 2022

At present, dietary supplements are commercially available products, globally consumed as an addition to the usual diet. Considering that dietary supplements are a source of nutrients, they are widely utilized to improve human health and prevent various diseases; therefore they are expected to be safe. There is still no common definition regarding the role of supplements which cannot be considered functional foods nor drugs. Dietary ingredients in supplements are exempt from food additives or drugs regulations. For this reason, these supplements are marketed without any data on identity, including ingredient information, effectiveness, toxicology and safety. Therefore, efficacy and safety are necessary claims required to preserve consumer health. To face this imperative challenge, sensitive and selective analytical techniques capable of providing a full characterization of the supplements in terms of their components are needed. In the last decades, Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) has shown to be a powerful tool that offers solutions to almost any analytical issue arising in several application fields. Due to its simplicity of operation and versatility, it has become a complementary separation tool to other separation techniques such as gas and liquid chromatography in the analysis of dietary supplements. This chapter aims to give a comprehensive overview of the most important applications of CE for the analysis of dietary supplements in terms of their main key components.
Bioluminescent Marine Cnidarians
Authors: Santhanam Ramasamy
Published: June 2022

This chapter deals with the total luminescent fauna of planktonic hydrozoa
and scyphozoa, emission maxima in observed species of planktonic hydrozoa and
scyphozoa, the description of luminescent marine species of planktonic hydrozoa and
scyphozoa and their mechanism of bioluminescence.
Bioluminescent Ctenophores
Authors: Santhanam Ramasamy
Published: June 2022

This chapter deals with the total luminescent fauna of the phylum,
Ctenophora,; the emission maxima in observed species of ctenophores, the description
of luminescent species of ctenophores, and their mechanism of bioluminescence.
Bioluminescent Planktonic Marine Annelids
Authors: Santhanam Ramasamy
Published: June 2022

This chapter deals with the luminescent species of planktonic annelids such
as Tomopteris spp and syllid larva, the emission maxima in observed species of
Tomopteris, the description of luminescent species of planktonic annelids and their
mechanism of bioluminescence.
Bioluminescent Marine Mollusc
Authors: Santhanam Ramasamy
Published: June 2022

This chapter deals with the only luminescent species of planktonic marine
nudibranch mollusc viz. Phylliroe bucephala,and its emission maxima and mechanism
of bioluminescence.
Bioluminescent Tunicates
Authors: Santhanam Ramasamy
Published: June 2022

This chapter deals with the luminescent species of appendiculatians and
thaliaceans; their emission maxima and mechanism of bioluminescence.
Marine Bioluminescence and Biotechnology
Authors: Santhanam Ramasamy
Published: June 2022

The role of bioluminescent marine plankton in the fisheries and the health of
the oceans is fairly well known. Recent research has shown that this light could be of
great use in therapeutic and biotechnological applications. While the marine
bioluminescent, planktonic crustaceans are helpful in the treatment of cancers, other
groups of marine plankton have their potential biotechnological applications, including
hygiene control and mapping out pollution in ecosystems. However, further intensive
research is needed on this vital aspect, especially when identifying lesser-known
bioluminescent planktonic groups and their biomedical and biotechnological
applications for the benefit of human society.
RANCANG BANGUN DAN KARAKTERISASI FEEDING MECHANISM SILIKONE BERBASIS SYRINGE PUMP PADA 3D PRINTER
Authors: Leonardo Axel , Soewono Arka Dwinanda , Darmawan Marten
Published: June 2022

Additive Manufacturing as one of the methods used on a 3D Printer can be applied with silicone as its material by designing a feeding mechanism based on a syringe pump which considers its mass flow rate. The purpose of this experiment is to produce the design of a feeding mechanism and to know the correlation between stepper motor torque (Tsm) and CNC travel feed rate (VCNC) with mass flow rate. The geometry which will be reviewed is a line. Those parameters will be characterized by measuring the width of the line (x) on the desired nine measured points. The most stable mass flow rate on stepper motor torque is determined by the smallest difference between average line width, while the most stable mass flow rate on CNC travel feed rate is determined by the smallest deviation standard between each measured points. The characterization results show that the smallest stepper motor torque value has the smallest difference between the average line width, which is 1,92 mm; while the highest stepper motor torque value has the highest difference between average line width, which is 3,66 mm and the highest CNC travel feed rate has the smallest deviation standard, which is 0,91; while the smallest CNC travel feed rate has the highest deviation standard, which is 2,14. Both of the statements imply that a smaller amount of the stepper motor torque and a higher amount of CNC travel feed rate will induce a more stable mass flow rate, it also works the other way around.
ANALISIS PENGARUH KONDUKTIVITAS IONIK MATERIAL ELEKTROLIT PADA KINERJA SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL
Authors: Fahmul Fahrizal Perdana , Sasongko Mega Nur
Published: June 2022

SOFC electrolytes are known for their ohmic resistance aspect, which is dependent on temperature. Using COMSOL Multiphysics numerical simulation, analysis of SOFC power performance with yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and lithium sodium carbonate – gadolinium-doped ceria ((LiNa)2CO3-GDC) electrolytes was conducted to inspect the performance of these electrolytes in their application in SOFC. The ionic conductivity of YSZ was differentiated based on the mole value of the yttria content, namely 8, 8.95, 10 and 11.54 mol. Meanwhile, GDC varied based on the (LiNa)2CO3 content such as 7.8, 10, 16.8 and 30 %. With the numerical model, the calculation error is an average of 7.32 % and 6.89 % for the experimental power and voltage values. In SOFC with the YSZ electrolyte, it was found that the power output can increase 26.4–35 times with an increase in operating temperature from 500 °C to 750 °C. Whereas in SOFC with the GDC electrolyte, it was found that the power output can increase 18.6–22.6 times with an increase in operating temperature from 500 °C to 750 °C. YSZ also showed the potential for an increase in power output as the SOFC temperature increases above 750 °C, while the 30 % variation (LiNa)2CO3-GDC shows a limited increase in ionic conductivity at 750 °C.
UJI KARAKTERISTIK PEMBAKARAN DROPLET CAMPURAN MINYAK JAGUNG-SOLAR
Authors: Irawansyah Herry , Subagyo Rachmat , Wisnu Bayu Aditya
Published: June 2022

Corn oil may be one of the solutions to overcome biodiesel mixing as a substitute for fossil energy. In this study, we investigate the combustion characteristics of a mixture of corn oil with diesel oil. We used corn oil mixed with diesel oil using percentages 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. Characteristics of combustion were investigated by the time of ignition, visualization (height of fire and color of fire), flame temperature, and rate of combustion. The results show the highest ignition delay time is shown by a mixture percentage of 50%, which is 6,28 s. The flame of combustion has a yellow color. The highest flame was shown by the percentage of the mixture 10% that was as high as 66mm. The highest flame temperature in the percentage of 50% mixture with a temperature of 63,7°C. The highest combustion rate test results are shown by a 50% mixed percentage that is 0.849 s.
PENAMBAHAN KATALIS BIO KARBON AKTIF UNTUK PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI HDROGEN PADA ELEKTROLISIS AIR
Authors: Purnami Purnami , Bintarto Redi , Nugroho Willy Satrio
Published: June 2022

Air electrolysis is the decomposition of air compounds (H2O) into Oxygen and Hydrogen using an electric current. Currently, the efficiency of conventional electrolysis is about 50%. The use of catalysts is part of an effort to increase Hydrogen production. In this paper, 50 ppm and 100 ppm of Bio Activated Carbon of Sugarcane Leaves (BKADT) have been added as catalysts to increase Hydrogen production. FTIR testing has shown that BKADT has an aromatic ring functional group that has a magnetic field. By using ImageJ software, it has been proven that the BKADT surface has an electric charge which is dominated by a positive charge. The magnetic field plays a role in Hydrogen, where the electric charge plays a role in increasing its dissolution so that it becomes a good conductor. As a result, a large increase in BKADT increases Hydrogen production. The greatest hydrogen production of 14.5 ml for 10 minutes was obtained at the addition BKADT of 100 ppm.
IDENTIFIKASI PENYUMBATAN ALIRAN AIR PADA PIPA DENGAN METODA GETARAN
Authors: Subekti Subekti , Biantoro Agung Wahyudi , Hamid Abdul , Sutanto Sutanto , Azis Khairul
Published: June 2022

The piping system design due to pressure will experience vibrations due to the excitation force that comes from the pump. Excitation force occurs due to changes in fluid flow velocity. In addition, the length of the pipe and the large number of bends of the pipe due to cross with other installations, cause vibrations in the pipe. vibration analysis in the pipe should not be underestimated, where it is necessary to identify the causes of vibration in the pipe due to flow and placement of good support and the effect of obstacles in the pipe flow to prevent failure of the pipe. In addition, clogging of pipelines can result in reduced system carrying capacity, wastage of energy and resources, and the potential for increased likelihood of environmental and health problems. Therefore, this study will discuss the identification of blockage of water flow in pipes using the vibration method. The excitation force comes from the fluid flow flowing in the pipe, while the vibration response is generated using the accelerometer sensor provided with the FFT Analyzer. Retrieval of data using the accelerometer as a vibration sensor served by Ono Sokki's FFT analyzer which is then analyzed using Matlab. Installation with four supports shows that the resonance that occurs in the installation of two supports can be reduced, but it causes the magnitude of the iron pipe to increase, while the PVC pipe decreases at a frequency of 5 Hz. In general, the result of installing four supports shows that the noise on the PVC pipe is reduced while the iron pipe is getting higher due to the installation of a barrier in the pipe due to water flow. The vibration pattern that occurs uses a harmonic response simulation, the vibration pattern that occurs uses a harmonic response simulation.
REKONSTRUKSI TULANG LUTUT MENJADI MODEL 3D IMPLAN FEMUR DENGAN METODE REVERSE ENGINEERING BERBASIS PEMINDAI X-RAY
Authors: Setiawan Feny , Harun Suryadiwansa , Burhanudin Yanuar
Published: June 2022

In order to obtain the geometry and size of bone implants that match the patient's original bone from this study, the patient femur knee bone is reconstructed into a 3D femur implant model using an X-Ray data scanner during Reverse Engineering (RE) process. In the process of RE, the femur knee bone was initially reconstructed by scanning its front and side view into a photo using the digital radiography system. For building a 3D model of the femur implant, the front and side view of the knee bones are sketched according to the dimensions and shape of the scanned femur knee bones. Then, one of the sketches is defined as the sketch profile of the femur knee bone, while the other is the trajectory profile. 3D modeling of the femur implant was constructed by using the sweep method in 3D design software. The results of this knee reconstruction obtained a 3D model of the femoral knee bone implant that is following the patient's bone shape.