bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of diversity index, dominance and composition of beach seine in Masjid Raya, Aceh Besar District, Indonesia
Authors: Chaliluddin M A , Affan J M , Ramayanti R , Miswar E , Purnama N R , Nellyana R , Syahputra F
Published: November 2021

Beach seine fishing gear is still widely used by Acehnese fishermen. Scientific information on the composition of the catch of beach seine in Lamnga and Ruyung waters is not yet available. This study aims to determine the composition of beach seine in Lamnga Village and Ruyung waters. Data collection is carried out by following the operation of the beach seine unit with ten days of data collection at each station. The research data were in the form of type and weight of fish caught and analyzed descriptively. The results of the measurement of the fishing gear of the beach seine obtained that the fishing gear at station I was smaller than station II. Analysis of the composition of the catch of beach seine at station 1 obtained 38 species consisting of 43,447 fish, which was dominated by shortfin scads fish of 529.98 kg. While at station II, 32 species were obtained with a total of 17,511 fish, which was dominated by shortfin scads fish of 648.90 kg. The results of the analysis showed that the catches of beach seine at station I were higher both in terms of the number of species and catch weights compared to station II.
Study on the needs of tuna fish as raw material for macro scale fish processing industry in Banda Aceh
Authors: Muhammad M , Maulana R , Rizwan T , Chaliluddin M. A. , Zulfahmi I , Saputra  , Suhendrianto
Published: November 2021

Aceh Province has a great potential fish resource, sustainable Potential on Capture Fisheries about 272,707 tons and total Capture Fishery Production is 208,200,830, moreover this potential has not been utilized optimally. The cached Fish at Koetaradja Fishing Port Banda Aceh are still abundant, so it is possible to be proceed industrially either at micro or macro scale. This study aims to examine the needs of the fishing industry in Aceh Province about the need of fish raw materials and to find out the type and amount of raw materials needed by a fish processing industry (macro scale) in Banda Aceh city. In addition, interviews and questionnaires were used as the instruments in collecting data. This research was conducted to five macro-scale fishery processing companies in Banda Aceh City there are PT. Aceh Samudera Bahari, PT. Aceh Lampulo Jaya Bahari, CV. Thunnus Saputra, PT. Sure Tuna Pacific and CV. Barakah Sumber Bahari. The results showed that there were 3 types of fish used as the processed raw materials, there are skipjack, tuna and kite fish. Skipjack tuna is the most fish needed by every processed industry. The need for fish raw materials at PT. Aceh Samudera Bahari requires skipjack tuna raw materials about 58,098 Kg/month (697,176 Kg/year), At PT. Aceh Lampulo Jaya Bahari requires the raw materials for skipjack tuna about 25,972 Kg/month (311,664 Kg/year, PT. Yakin Tuna Pasifik requires raw materials for skipjack tuna about 52,788 Kg/month (633,456 Kg/year), and CV. Barakah Sumber Bahari requires 20,498 Kg/month of skipjack fish raw materials (245,976 Kg/year). The total of all skipjack tuna raw materials needed by these 5 companies in one year is 3,205,224 Kg.
Floating macro marine debris trends in the Banda Aceh estuary environment
Authors: Purnawan S , Ondara K
Published: November 2021

Banda Aceh is a city at the western tip of Indonesia and is one of the provinces that has a coastal area that can contribute plastic waste to the sea. The source of plastic waste comes from land and human activities which are then carried through river mouths to end up in the sea. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of marine debris at the mouth of the Krueng Aceh River. Data collection is determined based on the time of the tide. The research was carried out using a boat mounted with a marine debris trap. The results showed that plastic waste dominated the mouth of the river by 90 percent, both during high and low tide conditions. There is a difference in the amount of waste that accumulates at high and low tide in the Krueng Aceh estuary.
Analysis of Crayfish Catches Using Bubu Wau in Laut Tawar Lake, Central Aceh, Aceh
Authors: Aprilla R M , Artelin N , Muklis M , Miswar E , Chaliluddin M A , Agustina I , Melanie K
Published: November 2021

Laut Tawar Lake is located in the town of Takengon, Central Aceh district. Currently, Laut Tawar Lake has been utilized by the surrounding community as a fishing spot. One of the fishing gears used by fishermen isBubu wau. One of the catches obtained by fishermen is crayfish. The crayfish has a high economic value, so the lack of control over the intensity of the catch also causes the average size of the crayfish caught, because catching crayfish is a transition from catchingRasbora tawarensis. One of the problems that frequently occur and research on crayfish has never been done before. Therefore, this research needs to be done. The purpose of this study was to determine fishing catch compositions ofBubu wauand the size distribution of crayfish carapace length ofBubu Waufishermen in the Teluk One-one, Laut Tawar Lake. The research was carried out in about March 2021. The description of the fishing catch composition was analyzed by using the describded method. The size distribution of crayfish carapace length was analyzed by the Sturgess rule. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the catch compositions ofBubu wauin Teluk One-one are crayfish, suckermouth catfish, channeled apple snail and tilapia. The type of crayfish caught by fishermen’sBubu wauwasCherax quadricarinatusamount of 4232 individuals (89% of the total catch), where the total length of the dominant crayfish carapace was 4.4-4.9 cm with a total number of 1403 and the least with a size of 8.6-9.1 cm was 1 crayfish from the total catch
High purity hematite (Fe2O3) from beach sands for soft ferrite magnetic materials application
Authors: Rahwanto A , Machmud M N , Fauzi  , Irhamni I , Zulfalina Z , Jalil Z
Published: November 2021

Actually, the potential and deposites are rich and spread in many place, but the process from raw material to industrial product is not optimal yet. In this work, the manufacture of iron sand was done using direct reduction technique by compact coals as reductor. The carbon compound of coals were using for releasing oxide in magnetite compounds (Fe3O4) of iron sand, so it could be transformed to Fe phase. The iron sand was firstly milled using high energy ball mill (HEBM) for 0, 10, 20, and 40 hours. Then the iron sands samples were mixed with coals, bentonite and compacted using hydraulic press. Then, loaded into furnace and sintered at 700 °C, 800 °C, and 900 °C. As the results, it was identified (using XRF) that the major phase was Fe2O3 (75.40 %). Consistent with XRF results, the phase composition observation by using XRD was shown that the major phase of sample was Fe2O3 (hematite). It was also shown that the crystallite size of the sample was around 8 nm, as calcultaed using Scherrer formula. The magnetic behavior investigation was showed that the decreasing in magnetic saturation value (Ms) and remanent (Br) and followed by increasing the coercivity value (Hc).
Removal effect of algicidal modified clay on Phaeocystis globosa blooms in culturing enclosure experiments: A short communication
Authors: Qin X , Chen X , Li F , Ya H , Zhu D , Dong D , Su X , Chen B , Zhang R
Published: November 2021

With the increased scale of marine aquaculture in the Beibu Gulf, as well as accelerating urbanization and industrialization, frequent harmful algal blooms (HABs) have occurred in this area, especially those formed by Phaeocystis globosa in the past several years. As the P. globosa bloom has been a serious marine ecological disaster in the Beibu Gulf, research on quick and effective methods to eliminate P. globosa blooms is a hot research topic. In this study, the bacteria Streptomyces yatensis B4503 combined with modified diatomite was used to prepare algicidal modified clay, which was then used to study the removal effect on P. globosa blooms in field culture enclosures. The results showed that after 6 h of treatment with algicidal modified clay, compared with the blank control group, the cell density and chlorophyll a content of P. globosa decreased by 26.86% and 64.03%, respectively, and they decreased by 75.23% and 84.81%, respectively, after 24 h. The study indicated that algicidal modified clay can be applied to eliminate HABs caused by P. globosa in coastal water.
Supplementation of Gamal leaves flour (Gliricidia sepium) in commercial feed on the growth of Nirwana tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings
Authors: Islama D , Nurhatijah N , Batubara A S , Supriatna A , Arjuni L , Diansyah S , Rahmayanti F , Juliawati J
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to examine the effect of Gamal leaves flour supplementation in commercial feed on the growth of Nirwana tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. The experimental design used was a non-factorial completely randomized design consisting of four treatments and four replications. The treatments studied included commercial feed without supplementation of Gamal leaves flour as a control (P0), commercial feed with supplementation of Gamal leaves flour 10% kg−1feed (P1), commercial feed with supplementation of Gamal leaves flour 15% kg−1feed (P2), and commercial feed with supplementation of Gamal leaves flour 20% kg−1feed (P3). Nirwana tilapia fingerlings were stocked at a density of 1 fish L−1. Nirwana tilapia fingerlings size ranges from 2-3 cm. Nirwana tilapia fingerlings maintenance period lasts for 40 days. The Annova test showed that the treatment gave a significant effect on the weight gain, length gain, daily growth rate, and feed conversion ratio (P < 0,05), but did not give a significant effect on the survival rate of Nirwana tilapia fingerlings (P > 0,05). The best dose to increase the growth of Nirwana tilapia fingerlings was commercial feed with supplementation of Gamal leaves flour 10% kg−1feed.
Inhibition test of mangosteen peel extract (Garcinia mangostana L.) against bacterial diseases of tiger grouper (Epinephellus fuscoguttatus)
Authors: Akmal Y , Humairani R , Muliari M , Irfannur I , Rinaldi R , Harahap M R , Zulfahmi I
Published: November 2021

Cultivation of tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) in Floating Net Cages in several locations in Bireuen Regency has developed. The potential disease issue can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mangosteen peel extract capsules (Garcinia mangostana L) against bacterial disease in tiger grouper. This research was carried out in April 2019 at the MIPA Laboratory of Al Muslim University and the laboratory of PT. Centra Proteina Prima, Bireuen Regency. The design used was a completely randomized design with four treatments (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% mangosteen peel extract capsules) with three replications. The parameters studied in this study including the diameter of the inhibition and the observation of MBC (Minimum Bacterial Concentration). The result showed that the administration of mangosteen peel extract capsules with doses of 10%, 20%, and 30% has no significant effect on reducing disease-causing bacteria in grouper grown on TSA media. Positive results were obtained on positive (+) MBC observations, presumably due to the small dose of mangosteen peel extract capsules given so that it could not kill bacteria grown in dishes with an inhibition range of 0 mm.Introduction
Contamination methods of milk with pesticides residues and veterinary drugs
Authors: Raheem Walaa S , Niamah Alaa
Published: November 2021

The use of agricultural pesticides is very important in improving production, but the residue of these pesticides on crops have a serious health effect on humans. On the other hand, there is another type of pollutants resulting from the use of veterinary medicines, as well as heavy metals and mycotoxins that also result in health risks to humans due to their consumption of milk and dairy products. Milk is an important and necessary food for the body as it is consumed daily by many people because its contain fat, protein, vitamin, and minerals. In this work, we present a review of most scientific articles from 1964 until 2020, related to evaluating milk contamination with various chemicals, especially pesticides and veterinary drugs. We observe from many research papers at different country in the world Lingering presence detectable values of chemical contaminate The maximum remainder, as a final result of this review paper we need to establish monitor program system for all chemical contaminate residue in milk and many food type to improve safety and reduce the risk for consumers in Iraq.
Determination of Uranium Concentration in Blood Samples for Patients with Kidney Failure in Salah din Governorate
Authors: Aziz Asmaa A , Majed Fareed M , Tawfiq Nada F
Published: November 2021

Analysis of human biological samples, such as blood, is generally used to verify human exposure to uranium. The uranium content in the blood of patients with kidney disease in Salah al-din governorate was determined using the Fission Track Analysis (FTA) of the detector CR39. Uranium concentrations of blood samples taken from kidney failure patients ranged between 1.636 ppb to7.477 ppb, with a mean value of 5.496 ppb. And the health group values ranged between 0.301 ppb to 2.332 ppb with a mean value 1.089 ppb.
Ultrafiltration Membrane Technology for Oily Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Mahbouba Zahraa N. , Mahmood Abdulkhalik K. , Alshammari Musa H.
Published: November 2021

Oil and gas sectors generate large amounts of oily wastewater, which is called produced water. In which, it contains high concentrations of hazardous organic and inorganic pollutants. This paper attempts to evaluate the performance and quality of using a polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane (UFM) to treat the produced water of Al-Ahdab oil field (Wassit, Iraq). 8 rectangular flat sheets of polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane were used. The area of each is 60 cm2 and pore size about 15 nm used in the experimental work. Prepared UFM is characterized by determining the surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The result showed that the UFM indicated high removal efficiency in all parameters and especially oil and grease and total suspended solid but in general it still less than the requirement of water reuse. The results showed that, a combination of a conventional treatment method and UFM technology have higher efficiency than using UFM only.
Chemical and biological compatibility of different injection waters with Zubair Formation Water of Upper Sand Member in Zubair Oil Field, South of Iraq
Authors: Razaq Almallah Inass Abdal , Najm Fahad Al , Husain Zainb Ali
Published: November 2021

Water injection by water flooding was used to enhance and increase oil production in Zubair oil field, southern Iraq. Physical-chemical and biological analysis of five water samples from different sources were collected to evaluate its compatibility with formation water using biological experiments and chemical compatibility simulation. The results show that injection water is classified weakly acidic-weakly alkaline and saline water, whereas surface water samples are considered weakly acid-weakly alkaline. The total dissolved solids results show brackish types accept for Formation water which classified weakly acid and Brine water. All the studied water samples contain bacteria colonies of Escherichia coli and Coliform expect for one sample, while Sulfate Reducing Bacteria was founded in all studied samples. Mathematical model of chemical compatibility between studied water samples and Zubair Formation water of the scale prediction model show that there are no needs for any inhibition treatments of all scales except for Geothite and Dolomite that should be treated before water injection. The biological compatibility experiments results show Formation damage about (61%) and (69%) in the studied core samples, while Bactria in water injection caused formation damage about (20%) and (51%).
Review: The flow and heat transfer investigation inside tapered and straight two pass channels with rib turbulators
Authors: Hassan Barakat , AL-Turaihi Riyadh
Published: November 2021

This paper is a review of the number of experimental and CFD experiments performed with rib turbulators about the heat transfer and the at two pass channel. In respect to achieve higher thermal efficiency of gas turbines, efforts are made to raise the inlet temperature. The secondary fluxes resulting from the rib and U-shaped curvature play an important role enhancing heat transfer in the two pass ribbed channels. The ribs on the internal surface of cooling passage will increase the strength of heat transfer. This paper deals with the effect of tapered and straight two-pass channels with the influence of the variable rib cross-section on flow and heat transfer enhancement
Mitigating the impact of climate change on UK buildings through zero energy strategies
Authors: Kayleigh Egglestone , Abdellatif Mawada , Joseph Amoako-Attah , AlQuzweeni Saif S. , Hashim Khalid
Published: November 2021

It is currently established that one of the paramount concerns in the built environment is the energy efficiency of new and existing UK dwellings, respective to the unfavourable impacts posed to climate change. The Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy in the United Kingdom have reported that the UK’s highest recording temperatures have transpired in the years since 2002. With over 90% of England homes currently in use of high carbon systems for space heating and domestic hot water. Contributing to increased atmospheric carbon emissions in the dependency on fossil fuel burning; alluding to human-produced atmospheric temperature increase. To help tackle these issues in the residential sector, the capacity of zero-energy technologies has been introduced. Zero-energy implementation has potential to revolutionise the power system, with on-site power generation at the forefront of this. This paper will explore the influence of zero-energy implementation on two UK residential dwellings of disparate locations, using Integrated Environmental Solutions Virtual Environment (IESVE) by focusing on renewable on-site micro-generation systems. The ASHRAE climate zones of Edinburgh and London Gatwick has been selected to examine the performance of the building over varied regional climates of disparate locations. The selected design variables were finally implemented in combination for building simulation in IESVE and compared with a basic model dwelling. The processed simulation results showed a reduction in the buildings energy consumption of 43.4538MWh (71%) for Edinburgh and 33.9929MWh (64%) for London respective to the baseline model. The greatest savings in mitigation of UK climate change can be evaluated in relation to reduction of carbon emissions, which were 7880kgCO2 (46%) and 5423kgCO2 (36%) respectively.
The Use of Electrocoagulation to Remove Fluoride, Nitrates and Phosphorous from Water
Authors: Abdulkhadher Rusul K , Jaeel Ali j
Published: November 2021

In recent times, the concentrations of fluoride, nitrates and phosphates in the water have increased as a result of a decrease in the quantities of water and an increase in industrial waste dumped into the rivers. In the current study, a method of electrocoagulation was depended on to treat water contaminated with fluoride, nitrates, and phosphates, using aluminum electrodes as anode and cathode electrodes. According to the obtained results, it can be noticed that the best fluoride, nitrates, and phosphates removal were 99%, 99%, 100%, respectively. It was obtained with a Hydraulic retention time HRT = 3 hours, an applied voltage = 40 volts, a gap between the used electrodes=2 cm, the anode’s active area= 792 cm2, and the flow angle= zero. By using an initial concentration (5 mg F/l, with pH= 4) for fluoride, (75 mg NO3/l, with pH= 6) for nitrates, and (0.5 mg PO4 / l, with pH=9) for phosphates.
Concentration of some Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in soil samples of Kirkuk province, Iraq
Authors: Aoeed Yasin H , Mohammed Awaz B , Hameed Attalah M.
Published: November 2021

In order to evaluate the quantity of twelve PAHs (Naphthalene, Tetraphan and Acenaphthylene Fluorene, Phenanthrene, Anthracene, Pyrene, Benzo [a] Anthracene, Ovalene, Chrysene, Benzo [a] fluoranthene and DiBenzo [ah] Anthracene) in the soil samples from Kirkuk province, seven sites (Ras El-Gesr, Benja Ali, Wahed Hozeran, North Oil Company (NOC), Lillan, Kubri and Chimen) were selected using Gas Chromatography (GC) during the autumn 2017 and winter 2018. The results showed that the highest concentration of individual hydrocarbons during the autumn season was for the Acenaphthylene compound in the NOC site 131.19 μg/kg, and for Naphthalene compound, was 100.543μg/kg. The NOC recorded the highest concentration of total hydrocarbons 891.65 μg/kg. For the winter season, the highest concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was recorded for the Fluorene compound at the NOC site 79.19 μg/kg. Fluorene and Naphthalene compounds achieved the highest averages for the season (43.24 and 42.984 μg/kg) respectively, and recorded the location of the NOC, the highest summation of total hydrocarbons amounted to 609.77 μg/kg.
Environmental diagnosing of the new algal pollution of Tigris River in Iraq
Authors: Salih Warqaa Y. , Hassan Fikrat M.
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study is to use eDNA in the biodiversity of the Tigris river’s sediment. Algal samples were collected and examined under light microscopy. The collected algae were cultured, and after their growth, the DNA extractions were made from culture and amplified 16S ribosomal RNA gene partial sequences data by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Phylogenetic identification of species was conducted by the evaluation of obtained sequence analysis data by using computer software. Leptolyngbya benthonica (MN 714226.1) and Nostoc paludosum (MN 714225.1) were identified by molecular analysis and registered at NCBI and considered as a new record to the algal flora of Iraq. Implementing molecular data in the taxonomy of species will be essential to solve the taxonomic problems associated with microscopic methods.
Stratigraphy and Depositional Environment of Mauddud Formation in Ratawi Oil wells of Southern Iraq
Authors: Manhi Maha Razaq , Alsultani Hamid Ali Ahmed
Published: November 2021

The Mauddud Formation is Iraq’s most significant and widely distributed Lower Cretaceous formation. This Formation has been investigated at a well-23 and a well-6 within Ratawi oil field southern Iraq. In this work, 75 thin sections were produced and examined. The Mauddud Formation was deposited in a variety of environments within the carbonate platform. According to microfacies analysis studying of the Mauddud Formation contains of twelve microfacies, this microfacies Mudstone to wackestone microfacies, bioclastic mudstone to wackestone microfacies, Miliolids wackestone microfacies,Orbitolina wackestone microfacies, Bioclastic wackestone microfacies, Orbitolina packstone microfacies, Peloidal packstone microfacies, Bioclastic packstone microfacies, Peloidal to Bioclastic packstone microfacies, Bioclastic grainstone microfacies, Peloidal grainstone microfacies, Rudstone microfacies. Deep sea, Shallow open marine, Restricted, Rudist Biostrome, Mid – Ramp, and Shoals are the six depositional environments in the Mauddud Formation based on these microfacies.
Influence Eggshells powder additive on thermal stress of fiberglass/polyester composite tubes
Authors: Abdulla Fadhel Abbas , Qasim M S , Farhan Ogaili Ahmed Ali
Published: November 2021

In this study, the influences of eggshell powder application on random fiberglass/polyester composite pipes thermal stresses were investigated experimentally and numerically. The experimental part involved industrializing tube samples which are Egg Shell Powder with Polyester at 50% volume fraction.(E50), Random Fiberglass with plyester at 50% volume fraction (F50) and Egg Shell Powder with Random Fiberglass with Polyester at 50% volume fraction (E25F25). Resin molding procedure and experimental rig design to study how tube samples are faced with thermal loads. Pipes are made with (95 mm) inner diameter, (400 mm) circumference, and (5 mm) wall thicknesses. Computational Fluid Dynamic, ANSYS software package version 11, is simulated with product form SHELL63. Results show that, composite samples (F50) had an average longitudinal strain, while composite samples (E50) had a low longitudinal strain. The composite (F50) had average longitudinal and hoop stress (62.2 MPa, and 61.1 MPa) respectively, while the composite (E50) had low longitudinal hoop stress (28.5 MPa, ad 30.8 MPa) respectively.
Use of Cement Kiln Dust and Silica Fume as partial replacement for cement in concrete
Authors: Hussian Raid
Published: November 2021

Cement is amongst the most polluting materials utilized in the building sector, contributing to a variety of hazardous pollutants, including greenhouse gas emissions. This raises health impacts related to the manufacture of cement. As a result, a substitute substance for conventional cement with low environmental effects and better building characteristics is required. The purpose of the study would be to look at the consequences of using supplementary cementitious materials (SCMS) to substitute cement in a concrete mix partially. This study employed silica fume (SF) and cement kiln dust (CKD) as supplementary cementitious materials. Several concrete mixtures were created by substituting cement by a combination of SF and CKD in three proportions which that 25%, 35%, and 45% within curing periods of (one week and four weeks); the concrete mixtures were tested. The ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) test has been used to investigate the concrete mixture’s strength in this study. The findings show that the optimal proportion of SF replacement cement and CKD involvement ranged from 25% to 35%. The pulse velocity of specimens improves when the proportion of CKD and SF increases to the optimal percentage, while the larger amounts of these by-products begin to lower the pulse velocity of specimens.
Removal of COD from petroleum refinery wastewater using electrocoagulation method
Authors: Khalil Amal H. , Naji Mohammed A. , Naser Salam M.
Published: November 2021

This research assessed the removability of chemical oxygen demand (COD) from petroleum effluent using aluminum-based electrocoagulation reactor. A series of batch flow studies have been conducted to evaluate the impact of current density, electrodes separation, and duration of treatment on the removal of COD from the refinery effluent. The COD levels were determined employing the remaining concentrations using spectrophotometer namely Hach-Lang and standard cuvette test (LCC 514, LCK 314, or APC 400). The findings of the current investigation indicate the capacity of the electrocoagulation technique in a relatively short processing time to reduce the COD levels. The greatest efficiency in removing COD has been determined to be 80.0%. After 100 minutes of electrolysis, a current density of 8 mA/cm2 and electrodes separation of 20 mm achieved the highest percentage removal.
The utilization of lignocellular bio-mass as green building thermal insulation material
Authors: Abdulredha Muhammad , Baqir Sadiq J. , Ali Sarah M.
Published: November 2021

In new residential structures and green architecture, it is necessary to maintain the heat of the internal environment to an appropriate level throughout winter conditions with low electricity usage. This work is thus intended to produce environmentally acceptable isolation substances (organic material). Lignocellular biomass, which is also referred to as Poaceae common reed and Phragmites australis and straw, were used as organic material in this study. During testing of its performance under controlled settings, the insulating effectiveness of these organic compounds was assessed. The exploratory project comprises three forms of isolation: organic made from straw and reed, industrial isolation (fibreglass), and brickwork without insulation. An infrared sensor was used to calculate the quality of isolation. For each isolation situation, the temperature characteristic was produced. The findings show that fibreglass was equivalent to the effectiveness of the organic isolation. Furthermore, the efficiency difference was 0. 84 percent comparing the industrial and organic isolation substances, which shows that Lignocellusic Biomass is a viable environmental-friendly replacement to industrial isolation substances.
Reduction of phosphates in sewage using kiln ash as an adsorbent
Authors: Abdelhadi R A
Published: November 2021

Phosphate is a naturally occurring chemical found in large quantities on the Earth’s surface that causes eutrophication when deposited into rivers. A number of studies have been conducted to assess the ability of various treatments to remove phosphates from sewage. Lately, it has been discovered that phosphorus recovery may be accomplished by filtering the water. The cost of the filtering materials, on the other hand, is prohibitively expensive. As a result, current research has concentrated on utilising low-cost ones to minimise the expense of filtering. Steel production residues, such as kiln bottom ashes, are being utilised in this study to recover phosphates from contaminated wastewater. A variety of operational settings have been investigated in order to obtain the highest possible extraction efficiency at the lowest feasible cost. Bottom ashes were demonstrated to be an effective substitute for phosphorus extraction. The highest phosphorus extraction was 90.1 percent after 40 minutes, with a starting concentration of 5 mg/L and an ash dose of 530 mg/L. The findings were used to create a prediction model with a high degree of reliability.
Implementation of criminal law enforcement concept of environmental sustainability (illegal logging in Indonesia)
Authors: Rosyadi I , Habibi M R , Syam N
Published: November 2021

Everyone in Indonesia has the right to a good and healthy environment as a form of human rights. Every generation has obligations and responsibilities in preserving the background to ensure the welfare and quality of life between ages. Sustainable development is an effort to guarantee these rights by managing natural resources wisely and rationally and simultaneously considering economic, social, and environmental aspects. Currently, humans tend to be greedy for existing natural resources to get the maximum benefit. Illegal logging is an activity to place forest resources on a large scale without paying attention to the needs of future generations. Efforts made by the government to enforce sanctions against perpetrators of illegal logging activities are the enactment of Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management and Law Number 18 of 2013 concerning Prevention and Eradication of Forest Destruction.
Environmental impact assessment of tofu production process: case study in SME Sugihmanik, Grobogan
Authors: Hartini S , Ramadan B S , Purwaningsih R , Sumiyati S , Kesuma M A A
Published: November 2021

Tofu contains various substances that are very good when consumed to improve people’s nutrition. In addition, tofu also has good taste. The problem is that the tofu production process produces products and non-product outputs in the form of waste that is very dangerous if directly disposed of in the environment. The BOD5 content of tofu small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Sugihmanik Village ranged from 3,667-4,933 mg/L and COD 7,668-9,736 mg/L. At the same time, the TSS values ranged from 701-1,189 mg/L. The BOD5 value in the river water content is 367 mg/L. It greatly exceeds the set Threshold Value. This study aims to measure the environmental impact using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). LCA can identify the impact of each activity based on the impact category to identify the processes that contribute significantly to damaging the environment. This study found that the cooking and frying process had the highest impact, where the climate change category was the largest. Wastewater treatment plants, biogas from the biodigester as a substitute for electricity for water pumps, rice husks, and corn cobs are expected to reduce environmental impacts. The first section in your paper
Study to reduce greenhouse gas emissions at waste landfill in Medan City
Authors: Suryati I , Farindah A , Indrawan I
Published: November 2021

Landfill is a place where waste reaches the final stage. The piles of waste can generate greenhouse gas emissions that cause global warming the potential of climate change. The greenhouse gas emission generates from the piles of waste is CH4 emission. The research purpose is to count CH4 emission in the waste landfill in Medan city located in Terjun, projection CH4 emission for ten years later is 2020-2029 and decisive the effort reduction of CH4 emission. The scenarios of reducing CH4 emission in Terjun waste landfill reduce the potential CH4 emission for ten years later. The calculation of CH4 emission from the piles of waste in Terjun waste landfill using FOD method (First Orde Decay) by IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) in 2006. In 2019, CH4 emission in Terjun waste landfill was 12,350.750-ton CH4 and had an uplift in 2029 can reach 17,143.087-ton CH4. There are two scenarios for reducing CH4 emission in the Terjun waste landfill; the first is the processing of waste in the source (composting), and the second is reducing the waste by using incineration technology Terjun landfill. The first scenario (composting) can reduce CH4 emission by 14.80%. The second scenario can reduce by 63.37% the CH4 emission in Terjun waste landfill. The chosen alternative scenario for reducing CH4 in the Terjun waste landfill is the first scenario, the processing of waste in the source (composting).
Abatement cost for selectivity negative emissions technology in power plant Indonesia with aim/end-use model
Authors: Nurfajrin Z D , Satiyawira B
Published: November 2021

The Indonesian government has followed up the Paris Agreement with Law No. 16 of 2016 by setting an ambitious emission reduction target of 29% by 2030, and this figure could even increase to 41% if supported by international assistance. In line with this, mitigation efforts are carried out in the energy sector. Especially in the energy sector, it can have a significant impact when compared to other sectors due to an increase in energy demand, rapid economic growth, and an increase in living standards that will push the rate of emission growth in the energy sector up to 6. 7% per year. The bottom-up AIM/end-use energy model can select the technologies in the energy sector that are optimal in reducing emissions and costs as a long-term strategy in developing national low-carbon technology. This model can use the Marginal Abatement Cost (MAC) approach to evaluate the potential for GHG emission reductions by adding a certain amount of costs for each selected technology in the target year compared to the reference technology in the baseline scenario. In this study, three scenarios were used as mitigation actions, namely CM1, CM2, CM3. The Abatement Cost Curve tools with an assumed optimum tax value of 100 USD/ton CO2eq, in the highest GHG emission reduction potential, are in the CM3 scenario, which has the most significant reduction potential, and the mitigation costs are not much different from other scenarios. For example, PLTU – supercritical, which can reduce a significant GHG of 37.39 Mtoe CO2eq with an emission reduction cost of -23.66 $/Mtoe CO2eq.
A review of anaerobic landfill bioreactor using leachate recirculation to increase methane gas recovery
Authors: Budihardjo M A , Ramadan B S , Yohana E , Syafrudin  , Rahmawati F , Ardiana R , Susilo D B , Ikhlas N , Karmilia A
Published: November 2021

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) treatment with anaerobic landfill bioreactor utilizes landfill as a place of biodegradation and produces methane gas which can be used as renewable alternative energy source. Anaerobic landfill bioreactor technology is a landfill development method that can increase waste degradation and increase biogas production. The increase of biogas and the removal of pollutants from leachate needs to pay attention to the factors that influence the success of anaerobic landfill bioreactor, including pH value, temperature, water content, and COD concentration after recirculation, and methane production. The relationship between these factors was discussed in depth in this paper. The method used is a narrative review where metadata is obtained from Google Scholar and Web of Science. This study explains the development of an anaerobic landfill bioreactor and conducts a synthesis for future research development plans by leachate recirculation.
Wave transformation around breakwater (case study: tourism harbour, Eastern Bali, Indonesia)
Authors: Arsyad M N , Setyandito O , Kesuma L M , Armono H D , Anda M , Kusumadewi R A
Published: November 2021

An essential aspect in the sustainable design of breakwater is the determination of the design wave condition. It is predicted by utilizing severe wave conditions of the past 10 to 20 years. The tourism harbor at eastern Bali, Indonesia, is located where extreme wave condition occurs. Therefore, this research studies the wave height before and after constructing a breakwater in the harbor area. The wave height was simulated using numerical modeling. The methodology was performed by using the coastal modeling software of the SMS-CGWAVE model. The result shows the highest design wave height value of 3.9 m in the direction from the southeast. The design breakwater can reduce wave height up to 0.9 m or a 75.5% reduction. Further study is needed to simulate the extension of breakwater length to meet the criterion design of wave height in the harbor basin.
The kinetics of Fe2+ heavy metal adsorption by microalgae Desmodesmus sp. beads
Authors: Widyaningrum D A , Rinanti A , Hadisoebroto R
Published: November 2021

Industrial waste that contains high concentration of iron heavy metal (Fe2+) needs to be reduced into a safer limit for water ecosystem using an environmental-friendly, sustainable and low cost technology. This literature study was aimed to gather information on Fe2+ metal ion removal with biosorption method by mobilized beads-shaped Desmodesmus sp. green microalgae. Biosorbent beads are made of Desmodesmus sp. green microalgae powder binded with Na-alginate polymer. Desmodesmus sp. microalgae were cultivated in an Erlenmeyer flask with wastewater contains Fe2+ and Beijerinck growth media controlled in batch system. Analysis was conducted to study the influence of pH, size, beads, beads concentration, and Na-alginate concentration towards Fe2+ heavy metal removal efficiency on biosorption process. Research results revealed that Fe2+ heavy metal was effectively adsorbed by 1 mm beads up until 46% at maximum capacity on pH level of 6. These beads contain 8% gr/L of microalgae powder and 9% gr/L of Na-alginate. The involved function groups in Fe2+ sorption and the beads biosorbent morphology changes were analyzed by using FTIR and SEM. This biosorption research was following by analysis of Freundlich isotherm and reaction kinetics order two with linear approach. This was to shows the beads possess adsorption kinetics with optimum Fe2+ absorption capacity. Desmodesmus sp. beads are highly potential to be used as biosorbent since the heavy metal removal process was selectively conducted on wide pH level and temperature ranges, fast adsorption kinetics, and low operational cost. The smaller the beads size the wider the surface area, which leads to higher removal efficiency rate.
Agro-energetic efficiency of improved technologies of pasture fodder production in dry grasslands of the Non-Chernozem region
Authors: A Kutuzova A , Kosolapov V M , Privalova K N , Provornaya E E , Sedova E G , Karimov R R
Published: November 2021

Based on the modern method of agro-energetic evaluation of anthropogenic non-renewable energy sources and natural renewable resources, scientific evidence of high economic efficiency of green fodder production on cultivated pastures is presented. Two field experiments on improving the composition of grass herbage with the participation of domestic zoned varieties of ryegrass pasture and Festulolium, as well as similar grass mixtures with the inclusion of legumes: creeping clover and meadow clover were carried out. The total anthropogenic expenses were determined as well as the recoupment of their exchange energy by 3-4 and even 10 times in the produced forage. The role of natural factors in the structure of the received exchange energy was determined. This serves as a theoretical basis for the economic efficiency of indicators of cultivated pastures created by resource-saving technologies: mainly due to the longterm use of cereal grasses (for 14 years) or the receipt of biological nitrogen on legume-grass stands, which replaces the use of mineral nitrogen fertilizers in the dose N126-131 per year (average for 7 years) on dry grasslands of the Nonchernozem zone.
The influence of feed quality from peat soils on the productivity of cattle
Authors: Ulanov A N , Kovshova V N , Mokrushina O G , Smirnova A V , Glubokovskih A L , Kosolapova V G , Ulanov N A
Published: November 2021

In the context of the implementation of environmental, resource-saving systems of agriculture, research in the system of biogeocenosis is very relevant: soil – plant-feed-animal-livestock products. Peatlands and developed peat soils are a kind of environment for human activity in this system. As a result of many years of research, it was found that perennial grasses grown on peat soils have differences in chemical composition compared to plants grown on mineral soils. They contain more organic matter and raw protein. However, their digestibility of nutrients is lower than in herbs grown on mineral soils. Therefore, for a full-fledged balanced feeding of cows, the realization of the genetic potential of animal productivity, and the preservation of their health, scientifically-based diets are necessary, developed on the basis of bulky feeds obtained from peat and developed soils, with the introduction of appropriate feed additives in them.
Use of factors of photoperiod duration and growth regulators to increase the yield of mixoploid plants in C0 generation in meadow clover (Trifolium pratense L.)
Authors: Yu Novoselov M , Drobysheva L V , Starshinova O A
Published: November 2021

It has been established that the studied mode of cultivation of meadow clover under controlled environmental conditions, with continuous illumination with an intensity of 18-20 thousand lux and a constant temperature of + 25 °C, causes significant morphological changes in meadow clover. Compared with the optimal (control), the proposed growing regime halves the development time of plants and by the same amount reduces the severity of morphological traits, while simultaneously causing apical dominance in 54% of plants. Spraying plants with phytohormone in the form of naphthylacetic acid in all studied concentrations reduced the growing season by 4-8 days and increased pollen fertility by 8-10%. The optimal concentration of naphthylacetic acid (NLA) was revealed to suppress the growth of secondary meristems in meadow clover under the conditions of an experimental plant growing regime. The most significant effect on the manifestation of apical dominance was shown by the use of naphthylacetic acid at a concentration of 0.001%. The combined use of the proposed growing regime and treatment with naphthylacetic acid at a concentration of 0.001% increased the yield of plants with apical dominance from 54.5% to 76%. The developed method has shown high efficiency for the creation of tetraploid forms of meadow clover. When growing clover C0 generation and selection of mixoploid plants, the yield of mixoploids increased 5.4 times, the survival rate of seedlings increased by 21%, the time to obtain one generation and the selection of mixoploids decreased by 58%.
Some results of the study of alfalfa and meadow clover samples created by biotechnology methods
Authors: Agafodorova M N , Solozhentsev P D , Solodkaya L A , Lapotyshkina L I , Klimenko I A , Dushkin V A
Published: November 2021

The conditions for creating alfalfa samples MN-2 (from the Selena variety) and P-67 (from the Lugovaya variety) with increased resistance to Fusarium pathogens using the method of gamete selection are described. The method is based on the selection of gametes in vivo under the influence of a selective factor (culture filtrate) introduced into the generative organs at the early stages of their development using vacuum infiltration. The method was developed in the biotechnology department of the V.N. V.R. Williams. The accessions are included in the breeding process and are currently the accessory varieties. In order to identify differences at the genetic level between the created varieties and the original forms, a comparative analysis was carried out using 2 types of molecular markers based on the PCR method. DNA polymorphism was detected using SRAP primers, which may indicate a change in the structure of genes associated with economic and biological traits. Research is ongoing. When growing under the conditions of a selection and greenhouse complex of acid-tolerant plants of meadow clover, created using cellular technologies in vitro, the infestation by powdery mildew of 120 acid-tolerant plants was studied. No signs of damage were found in 10% of plants. The largest number of affected plants (36.7%) had a score of 3. It was found that a high infestation with powdery mildew (scores 4 and 5) significantly reduces the number of inflorescences in the bush to 83.4 and 75.7%, respectively. Therefore, in further studies to create a population of acid-tolerant plants, the genotypes of meadow clover were used without signs and with a low score of powdery mildew damage.
Characteristics Of The Population Of The Yaroslavl Breed Of Cattle Based On The Assessment Of Polymorphism Of Eab - Loci
Authors: Ilina A V , Evdokimov E G , Abramova M V , Konovalov A V
Published: November 2021

The paper presents the characteristics of micropopulations of the Yaroslavl cattle breed based on the assessment of the polymorphism of the EAB-locus of blood groups. The presented dendrogram made it possible to identify the farms most distant from the main group. To identify the closest and most distant groups of animals, the Euclidean distance was calculated. The efficiency of division into groups was assessed using the Davis-Boldin index, which made it possible to distribute the population into three clusters with the most optimal value, where each group obtained has its own parent population from which it developed.