bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and biochemical characteristics of bioactive calcium-phosphate materials obtained from alcohol solutions
Authors: Lyutova E , Gavrilov N , Kurzina I , Danilova E , Borilo L
Published: August 2020

Sol-gel method synthesized 2 series of powders with different TiO2 content in the system. The percentage of elements in terms of the oxide system SiO2–P2O5–CaO–TiO2 is: composition 1: 52–14–24–10, composition 2: 52–17–29–2 wt.%, respectively. Solutions of composition 1 are stable up to 11 days Solutions of composition 2 are stable up to 2 days. The physicochemical properties of calcium phosphate materials were studied using the methods of IR spectroscopy, thermal analysis and elemental analysis. The biochemical activity of the tablets according to the Kokubo method showed a significant absorption of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions within 7 days.
Chromium nitride synthesis in co-flow filtration mode
Authors: Evseev N S , Ziatdinov M Kh , Tolynbekov A B
Published: August 2020

In this work, we considered an original setup that allows us to study the combustion of metal powders in a co-flow gas stream, and also presents the results of experimental studies on the combustion of chromium powder in a confined nitrogen-containing gas stream. This method has high energy efficiency and allows to get nitrides without the use of high pressures. The study of chromium combustion is justified by its high melting point at a relatively low exothermicity, which eliminates the influence of melting of the initial powder and synthesis products on the filtration process. This article presents the results of combustion of chromium powder with particle size δ = 63÷80 µm and δ = 500÷1000 μm. X-ray phase studies of the obtained powders were carried out. The effect of nitrogen-containing gas consumption on the degree of nitriding of combustion products is shown. It is established that the forced filtration mode allows the synthesis of non-stoichiometric chromium nitride Cr2N. The nitrogen content in the obtained Cr2N samples reached 9.6%.
The MnOx-Al2O3 catalysts in the reaction of C1-C3 hydrocarbons deep oxidation
Authors: Galanov S , Sidorova O , Magaev O
Published: August 2020

The effect of the amount of Mn (II) in the precursor of manganese-aluminium oxide catalysts for the complete oxidation of hydrocarbons on the phase composition and kinetic parameters of the reaction was studied. It was shown that an increase in the amount of manganese in the catalysts results in an increase in the constants of C1-C3 hydrocarbons oxidation reaction rates. An increase in the number of carbon atoms in the alkane leads to an increase in the reaction rate and a decrease in the energy of reaction activation. Promising catalysts for the catalytic combustion of hydrocarbons were identified.
The effect of the air environment and prolonged illumination on conductivity and photoconductivity of organic-inorganic perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 films
Authors: Amasev D V , Krivogina E V , Khalipova O S , Zabolotskaya A V , Kozik V V , Ivonin I V , Kozyukhin S A , Kazanskii A G
Published: August 2020

A significant effect of the environment (vacuum, air) on the results of measurements of CH3NH3PbI3 films conductivity and photoconductivity is shown. It was found that prolonged illumination with white light does not change the value of CH3NH3PbI3 interband photoconductivity (hν > 1.6 eV), but leads to a metastable increase in the photoconductivity near the quantum energy hν ≈ 1.2 eV. This indicates a photoinduced creation or filling of nonrecombination localized states, located at an energy distance of 1.2 eV from the transport level of nonequilibrium charge carriers.
On thermal effects of early structure formation of fluorogypsum composite binder
Authors: Anikanova L A , Volkova O V , Kudyakov A I , Lotov V A , Danilova E , Kurzina I A
Published: August 2020

This article presents results of a research on changes in energy parameters of fluorogypsum composition of normal consistency with introduction of various additives (μΔn) such as construction gypsum G-5AII and sodium sulfate. The effects were assessed by temperature changes in the binder – water system. In order to compare processes of heat release in the studied gypsum-containing systems, the article presents results of analysis for the following ones: construction gypsum – water, fluorogypsum binder – water, fluorogypsum binder – construction gypsum – water and fluorogypsum binder – sodium sulfate – water. All processes of hydration and structure formation occurring in the system of fluorogypsum – water are accompanied by a change in temperature, which can be measured using differential microcalorimetry.
Applying Ternary Net Weights to the R-Mask Neural Network to Identify Bronchopulmonary Lung Segments
Authors: Francis N S , Francis N J , Axyonov S V , Saqib M , Xu Y , Aljasar S A
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this research is to develop an algorithm for detecting bronchopulmonary segments in lung Computer Tomography (CT) images, while reducing computational costs. The algorithm is implemented without the use of a graphics processor (GPU). The main algorithm of the proposed system introduces ternary weights into Mask R-CNN. The ternary hyperbolic tangent function replaces Mask R-CNN’s activation function to reduce overhead costs. This is a convenient and inexpensive system, designed to help radiologists to detect bronchopulmonary lung segmentation with high accuracy.
Computer-aided simulation of WC-10Co-4Cr cermet coatings formation and predictive detection of optimal spraying regimes
Authors: Jordan V I , Gulyaev I P , Kuzmin V I , Blednov V A
Published: August 2020

The results of computational experiments on the formation of thermal spray WC-10Co4Cr coatings are presented. The effect of sprayed particles velocity (200-1000 m/s), temperature (1600-2500 K) and the size (15-40 microns), as well as substrate temperature (300-600 K), on the properties of coatings (porosity, roughness, adhesion) has been studied. Ranges of particle parameters have been determined, which ensure their spreading process without «splashing» and the formation of coatings with low porosity and high adhesion. A qualitative comparison of the calculation results with experimental data on high-velocity plasma spraying of WC-10Co4Cr coatings is carried out.
A discontinuous Galerkin method for mathematical simulating of gas-liquid mixture flows
Authors: Shurina E P , Itkina N B , Markov S I
Published: August 2020

We present mathematical simulating results of a gas-liquid mixture flow in a cylindrical pipe. The gas-liquid mixture consists of the mineralized water and propane gas. To analyze the mineral composition of the fluid, a sensor is mounted in the pipe. The sensor affects the topology of the flow velocity vector field. The gas-liquid mixture flow is described by the unsteady Navier-Stokes equations. When the flow rate of gas-liquid mixtures exceeds 20 m/s, eddy flows occur in the pipe with obstacles. A method of discretization should take into account the problem specifics: rapidly changing gradients, the prevalence of the convective term in the Navier-Stokes equations. A computational scheme of discontinuous Galerkin method has the local conservative property and is best suited for solving such singularly perturbed problems. To perform a spatial discretization, a computational scheme of the discontinuous Galerkin method in the function spaces H(div) and L
2 is used. Application of the multiscale approach allows breaking down the solution of the simulation problem into several smaller ones that can be solved using parallel computations. Mathematical modeling results of the gas-liquid mixture flow in the pipe with different options for the sensor location are presented.
Modernization of mechatronic smart windows system to counteract the spread of COVID-19
Authors: Mikhailov L , Mikhailova S , Yersaiyn R , Ismailova G , Kenes N , Makhmutov R
Published: August 2020

In terms of COVID-19 pandemic, the mechatronic system, essentially a smart window, supplemented with devices for interception and disinfection of drops and capsules with viruses and bacteria, both outside and inside. This allows preventing the ingress of infected aerosols into the room along with streams of air rising along the buildings and spreading inside it in the presence of infected people along with turbulent jets of air. With widespread use, the system helps to reduce the spread of infection, transmitted mainly by airborne droplets. The hardware for controlling the window system is performed on a board from the Arduino MEGA 2560 R3 ATMEGA16U2 family, two control boards with ten relays and ten sensor modules. Control program for the window system control circuit is written in the LabVIEW graphical programming environment (National Instrument USA).
Computerized measuring system for study of aluminum alloy defects
Authors: Malikov V , Sagalakov A , Fadeev D , Katasonov A , Dmitriev S , Ishkov A
Published: August 2020

The hardware-software complex which allows carrying out defect detection in materials based on various aluminum alloys was developed using a transducer based on eddy current effects. The hardware-software complex included the developed software coded in C++. A digital displacement transducer operated by an Arduino microcontroller has been designed, which can automatically move the transducer over a test object. In order to test the system operability, a series of scans of plates made of duralumin and aluminum-magnesium alloys with knowingly existing internal defects in the form of cuts imitating the presence of cracks in the metal and located at depths from 1 to 5.5 mm was made. This paper provides information illustrating the correlations between the system response to a 700 Hz signal and the presence of internal material defects. The eddy-current transducer exciting winding signal frequency exerts significant influence on this process, and this has been also demonstrated in the study.
The Effective Application of Image Processing Technology in the Practice of Environmental Art Courses under the Background of Internationalization
Authors: Jianwei Liu
Published: August 2020

Image processing technology can provide necessary tools for the practice of environmental art courses. Especially in internationalization, the use of modern technologies such as image processing technology in environmental art courses can be in line with international standards and improve the quality. However, in the actual application, problems such as the unreasonable application mode of environmental art courses and the need to increase the use of image processing technology have arisen. This article will study the problems that arise in the technology in environmental art courses, and provide some opinions and suggestions on how to promote.
PMSM Vector Control Based on Fuzzy PID Controller
Authors: Jin Fuzhi , Wan Heng , Huang Zefeng , Gu Mengxu
Published: August 2020

The traditional motor speed control method is to use PID controller to adjust it, but the accuracy and anti-interference ability of its control effect are difficult to be guaranteed. Because the side effects of its error selection, “weighted sum” strategy may not be the best and integral feedback. In the case of motor load variation, this paper presents a control method based on Fuzzy PID controller. The simulation model of PMSM (permanent-magnet synchronous motor) is built in Matlab / Simulink. The simulation experiment shows that the fuzzy PID controller has higher accuracy and anti-interference ability than the classical double closed-loop PID vector control in PMSM vector control.
Analysis of the Influence of High-Power Microwave Short Pulse on IFM Performance
Authors: Hongyang Jia , Dengxin Li , Yuchen Ye , Chao Wang , Naichang Yuan
Published: August 2020

In the working scenario of instantaneous frequency measurement (IFM) system, when the high-power short pulse enters the receiver of IFM system as an interference signal, it will have a certain impact on the receiver’s normal processing of the counter radar signal. This paper discussed the influence a receiver gets while doing frequency measurement, when short pulses are in different part of the received radar signal in time domain and frequency domain.
A new 1-bit configurable phase array antenna based on ‘ancient coin-like’ metasurface
Authors: Hu Xiang Ming , Zheng Qiu Rong , Zhang Bin
Published: August 2020

Due to the low price, high efficiency and flexible manipulations, the metasurface has attracted more attentions. This paper proposes a new 1-bit configurable reflection array antenna with 11*11 unit cells. The unit cell in the metasurface, which is integrated with one PIN diode, shaped as ‘ancient coin’ can generate reflection phases between 165°-195° (180°±15°). The new phase array antenna can realize flexible manipulations to EM (electromagnetic) waves.
Application Research on DOA Estimation Based on Software-Defined Radio Receiver
Authors: Li Zuokun , Zhang Dongdong , Zhu Qichao , Gu Henghao , Huang Shuai , Kuang Yi , Liu Yingwen
Published: August 2020

Using a KerberosSDR, with four omnidirectional antennas and a raspberry pi, a four-element system of direction of arrival estimation system is formed. The four antennas are arranged in accordance with a uniform linear array and a uniform circular array respectively. Four algorithms including Bartlett, Capon, MEM, and MUSIC are used. Finally, the MUSIC algorithm is used to estimate the direction of arrival of the static target signal source, and the results are displayed on the map.
High Power Microwave Signal Detection Based On Second Order Multisynchrosqueezing Transform
Authors: Dengxin Li , Hongyang Jia , Yuchen Ye , Chao Wang , Naichang Yuan
Published: August 2020

This paper puts forward a generalization of the multisynchrosqueezing transform (MSST) using the second order local estimate of instantaneous frequency, which could localize a signal with high precision both in time and frequency. Numerical signal simulation result verifies its advantage on processing high power microwave (HPM) signals in different environments, this time-frequency analysis method provides an idea for HPM signal detection and feature analysis.
A reconfigurable integrated architecture of motion control system
Authors: Wang Qinghua , Hu Yanhua
Published: August 2020

A motion control system comprises a power module, a plurality of servo motors, a servo control module, a motion control module and a microprocessor; the power module controls the working power supply output by the alternating-current power supply; the plurality of servo motors converts current signal of the output current flowing to an encoder output signal; the servo control module converts the encoder output signal into a first logic control signal; the microprocessor converts the first logic control signal into a third control signal and controls the servo control module to adjust the power module, which changes the working power supply output by the alternating-current power supply so as to drive servo motors. This text provides a motion control system which integrates motion controller and supports multi-axis alternating-current servo driver to realize automatic control of the servo driver and improve control precision of the servo driver.
Image Super-Resolution via Residual Blocks and Non-Negative Matrix Decomposition
Authors: Xue Zhishuang , Liu Xiaofang , Huang Hui , Zhang Gen
Published: August 2020

In order to solve the problems that the existing super-resolution algorithms based on convolutional neural network do not fully utilize the feature information at all levels, which results in low reconstruction accuracy, and the deep network may resulting in the gradient disappearing, an image super-resolution reconstruction algorithm based on residual blocks and non-negative matrix decomposition is proposed. The proposed residual block can gradually learn the characteristics of the input image, the computational burden of the network is shared on each single residual block, thus the network complexity decreases. The input image and output image are fused by non-negative matrix decomposition to obtain more detail information of high-resolution image. Experiments on the benchmark dataset show that the proposed algorithm improves the PSNR, structural similarity and visual effect.
A Method of Distinguishing Tea varieties Based on Hyperspectral Imaging
Authors: Yanqi Zhong , Zhiliang Kang , Peng Wang , Xiong Luo
Published: August 2020

In order to realize the rapid and non-destructive identification of tea varieties, this paper based on hyperspectral imaging technology to find the optimal discrimination model of tea varieties. This article is mainly divided into three aspects: the discriminant model of tea varieties based on spectral characteristics, the discriminant model of tea varieties based on image features, and the discriminant model of tea varieties based on spectral-image fusion features. The experimental results show that Model 1 uses the full-spectrum feature combined with support vector machine (SVM) model, which can distinguish the accuracy of different tea varieties up to 100%. Model 2 is based on the GLCM texture feature based on the characteristic gray image combined with the SVM model, and the discrimination accuracy of different tea varieties reaches 100%. Model 3 discusses the impact of different preprocessing methods on the accuracy of classification under the fusion of two information features, determines Minmax as the best preprocessing method, and obtains 100% classification accuracy in the test set.
The optimal allocation of emergency materials for multiple points on water based on genetic algorithm
Authors: Bin Li , Yuzhu Zhu , Yun Zou
Published: August 2020

In order to study the shortest time of emergency supplies allocation, the supply chain of rescue materials is divided into three levels that is supply areas, shore rescue points and multiple accident points. Taking the limited period of emergency supplies as a prerequisite, a material distribution model is built for studying the shortest time of material distribution from rescue base to accident site; considering the sustainability of rescue base supplies, a land material distribution model is built for studying the minimum cost of transportation problem. According to the dispatching priority of emergency supplies at each accident site, a genetic algorithm is designed to solve it, and a approximate optimal rescue material distribution plan is obtained.
Research on triaxial array induction logging response in inclined anisotropic formation
Authors: Zhang Miaoyu , Wu Jie , Liu Yanping
Published: August 2020

The logging response calculation and fast inversion are the key and difficulties for logging data interpretation and formation parameter estimation of the triaxial array induction logging. We transform the formation conductivity from media coordinate to instrument coordinate based on coordinate transformation theory. This paper examines anisotropic response of the triaxial array induction in inclined anisotropic formation by finite element method. The greater the anisotropy coefficient is, the more obvious the curve separation. The apparent conductivity decreases with the increase of dip angle for the coaxial system, but the coplanar system increases. The research results show that the apparent conductivity of the coplanar system appears as obviously positive and negative horns on the horizontal interfaces, which is generated by the accumulated surface charge at the boundary of the layer.
Design of Motion Control System of Smart Car
Authors: Li Xuexia , Li Jianyong , Liu Xuemei , Liu Haodong
Published: August 2020

Based on the design of Freescale intelligent tracking car, the kinematics model is established according to the motion characteristics of the car after introducing the control system and the composition of each functional module of smart car. In order to make the smart car move stably and quickly in the predetermined track, the corresponding PID control algorithm is proposed to control the steering system and power system of the car, respectively. The experimental verification shows that the car basically achieves the goals of “stable”, “accurate” and “fast” operation in the automatic control theory.
Developing of graphene oxide (GO) bio-filter for pathogenic bacterial control in farmed Asian clam, Corbicula fluminea
Authors: Akrimah Y , Mohd Zin F A , An’amt M N , Lee S W , Aweng E R
Published: August 2020

Graphene oxide (GO) possess a potential as an antimicrobial agent in the aquaculture sector to substitute the role of antibiotic. Meanwhile, the consumption of Asian clam Corbicula fluminea has been gaining popularity throughout Malaysia in a line with the increasing cases of food poisoning caused by pathogenic bacteria resulted from the clam consumption. Thus, this experiment was conducted to investigate the potential of graphene oxide (GO) as an antibacterial filter in controlling pathogenic bacteria i.e. Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Vibrio spp. and coliform bacteria. A total of 180 clams were reared in both systems i.e. system installed with graphene oxide (GO system) and system with normal filter (Control system) for 2 weeks. Then, the bacteria were screened and enumerated from Asian clam tissue and farm water samples using total plate count (TPC) method and most probable number (MPN) method by comparing these two rearing systems. The results showed all isolated bacteria were 100 % reduced from farm water while coliform bacteria with 94% reduction in GO system. Conversely, bacteria reduction in clam tissue sample in GO system was varied and relatively low for coliform bacteria, Salmonella spp., total bacteria, Vibrio spp. as it reduced by 60.71 %, 31.38 %, 18.16 % and 1.34 %, respectively, while E. coli showed increasing bacteria count by 12.52 %. Therefore, it can be concluded that GO system is effective in reducing pathogenic bacteria in water compared to Asian clam tissue sample.
Biodegradation of PAH-polluted soil by indigenous bacteria
Authors: Fazilah A , Ismail N , Darah I
Published: August 2020

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are environmental pollutants and phenanthrene is one of the PAH compounds shown to be toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic. The efficient way to clean up and minimize the PAH pollution in the environment is by bioremediation process. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the degradation activity of phenanthrene-degrading bacteria by inoculating the bacterial culture into soil treated with phenanthrene as a carbon source. Ultrastructure morphology of bacterial cells during degradation process in soil were observed using Scanning Electron Microscope. Addition of Acinetobacter sp. P3d, Bacillus sp. P4a, Pseudomonas sp. P6 to soil microcosms supplemented with phenanthrene resulted in phenanthrene degradation. The degradation resulted in more visible, particularly when all the three bacterial cultures were mixed together. The degradation rate for Consortium A was 100% followed by Consortium B (87.45%), Consortium D (76.58%) and Consortium C (76.13%) for only 30 days of cultivation. Based on this study, pure culture of the Acinetobacter sp. P3d and mixed cultures of consortia A; Acinetobacter sp. P3d, Bacillus sp. P4a and Pseudomonas sp. P6 were selected as a potential bacterial culture to carry out bioremediation study in the phenanthrene contaminated soil.
The Quality of Elephant Ginger Dried by Using Modified Hohenheim Dryer under Tropical Climate
Authors: Khathir R. , Agustina R. , Putra B. S. , Rahmadi
Published: August 2020

The objective of the study was to determine the quality of elephant ginger (Zingiber officinale) dried by using a modified Hohenheim dryer designed based on the Hohenheim type tunnel dryer at University of Kassel, Germany. Drying is the oldest method could be used to extend the shelf-life of the product, and the thickness of the material is one of the factors that will influence the drying process. The study was conducted under the tropical climate, in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The elephants ginger were sliced at different thickness of 3, 4 and 5 mm. Research parameters included solar irradiation, temperature, relative humidity (RH), drying time, drying rate, moisture content, ash content, yield, and colour. To assess the consumer acceptance to the dried ginger, a consumer test was also run to 25 respondents by using hedonic scale on the colour and flavour properties. The study showed that the drying of elephant ginger by using a modified Hohenheim dryer was promising to apply at slice thickness of 3 mm under the tropical climate. The average daily solar irradiation was 403.2 W/m² and the average temperature of drying chamber was 49.5˚C, and the total drying time was 7h. The drying curve of ginger did not follow the ideal drying rate curve; therefore, the modification of the dryer is still needed to improve its performance. However, the quality of dried ginger was good since it had met the export standard for moisture. Nevertheless, the ash content should be reduced to meet this standard by pilling the tuber. According to the sensory analysis, the respondents preferred the colour of ginger dried at slice thickness 3 mm to 4 and 5 mm, but they preferred the flavour of both slice thickness 3 and 4 mm to 5 mm. The colour properties at slice thickness of 3 mm were R-value by 204, G-value by 187, B-value by 119, L-value by 76, a-value by -3 and b-value by 36 and the colour properties among different slice thickness of dried ginger were strongly explained by b-value.
A Preliminary Study on the Potential Dye Adsorbance by Activated Meretrix lamarckii (M. lamarckii) Shells
Authors: Syuhadah Subki Noor , Ying Han Lim
Published: August 2020

Dyestuff manufacturing and consuming industry have led to water pollution through their discharge of untreated wastewater. Presence of dye pigments in water bodies may cause carcinogenic, mutagenic effects and caused harm to the entire aquatic ecosystem. This research has carried out to examine the adsorption potential of treated Meretrix lamarckii (M. lamarckii) shells towards Malachite Green (MG) dye removal. Activation with hydrochloric acid (HCl) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) was used for the conversion of seashells into TS1 and TS2 respectively. Following that, batch adsorption studies were carried out at 30°C using TS1 and TS2 to study the effect of contact time, pH, initial concentration of adsorbate and adsorbent dosage on dye removal percentage. The optimized contact time for TS1 was 210 minutes, with the best performance in pH 10 aqueous medium, 10 mg/L initial concentration of MG and optimum dosage of 1.0 g. Whereas for TS2, the optimized contact time was shorter than TS1, which was only 90 minutes to attain equilibrium state. The optimized pH and initial concentration of adsorbate were the same as TS1. While optimized adsorbent dosage for TS2 was lower than that of TS1, which was 0.8 g. Based on the results obtained, TS2 was found to be more effective in MG dye removal than TS1. High efficiency of TS2 was due to the presence of alkyl halide group and its larger total surface area. From the study, it can be concluded that treated M. lamarckii possesses high adsorption efficiency and potential to become a new introduce adsorbent in wastewater treatment technology.
The Diversity of Anuran Species in Urban Forest in Selangor
Authors: S Nadia , M T Marina , R Nadirah , M N Siti Fara Najua , A A Muhammad Faris , M K Mohamad Roslan , M A Alias
Published: August 2020

This study aimed at determining anuran diversity in Compartment 12 and 13 of Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve (AHFR), Puchong, Selangor. The study determining species diversity, richness and evenness, analyzing correlation between the anuran species with the microclimate and updating anuran species status. Fieldwork was carried out from October 2016 to February 2017 investing six person of sampling effort. Fifteen of 300 m nocturnal transect lines have been constructed in this inventory at three different study areas; walking trails, streams, and swampy. A total of 119 individuals belonging to 18 species came from five anuran families were recorded. Most abundant species recorded were Fejervarya cancrivora, Leptobrachium hendricksoni, and Pulchrana laterimaculata. Compartment 12 found to have the highest species diversity and evenness compared to Compartment 13. Stream has the highest species composition with Ingerophrynus parvus and Leptobrachium hendricksoni each with eight individuals respectively. Most anuran species recorded were highly associated with temperature such as Limnonectes malesianus, Amnirana nicobariensis, Limnonectes plicatellus, and Fejervarya limnocharis. This study also recorded Amnirana nicobariensis, Kalophrynus pleurostigma, and Pulchrana laterimaculata for the first time for AHFR. Therefore, this further research is needed by increasing forest coverage for the anuran diversity study as a reference for future study.
Optimization of Flavonoid Extraction from Guava Leaves for Application in Reducing Urea Transformation in Soil
Authors: Roslan H , Mansor N , Yahya W Z N , Affendi N M N
Published: August 2020

Flavonoid group is a versatile compound as it can be used in the food, pharmaceutical, and urea fertilizer industry. Five main factors have been consistently studied for optimization, which are solid-to-solvent ratios, solvent-to-solvent ratios, the temperature of extraction medium, exposure time, and equipment power intensity. Factors Solid-to-Solvent Ratio and Time showed the greatest effects on the extraction. Response surface methodology is used to determine the best conditions for flavonoid extraction from guava leaves using an ultrasonic bath. There exist incongruencies between researchers in determining which solvent is best used for flavonoid extraction. Experimentally, the highest total flavonoid content (TFC) tested using Fe (II) colorimetry was 50.44 mg of Quercetin-equivalent per gram of dry weight leaves (mg QE / g d.w.) using 1:1:1 ratio of Water-Ethanol-Methanol (WEM), a first tri-solvent based extraction for flavonoid. Further testing via urea colorimetry shows that diluted compound of 8% of flavonoid extract can reduce urea transformation starting Day 3 of soil sampling but its performance is not at par with the commercial n-Butylphosphorothioic Triadmide (NBPT) compared in this study. Nevertheless, the effect shows a positive outlook on the extract’s potential as a urease inhibitor.
HEAVY METALS IN TUNA SPECIES MEAT AND POTENTIAL CONSUMER HEALTH RISK: A REVIEW
Authors: Norhazirah A A , Shazili N A M , Kamaruzzaman Y , Sim S F , Ahmad A , Ong M C
Published: August 2020

Marine fishes are one of the protein sources and they form a significant part of human diet around the world. In particular, tuna fisheries are considered as the largest and most specialized commercially important group of species among all commercial fishes. The preparing tuna methods such as cooking and canning might alter the level of heavy metals inside the meat. The heat that applied to the meat might be decreased the moisture content in tuna meat, thus give some effects to the heavy metal level. Other than that, the different composition and function of different parts of tuna can contribute to the various level of heavy metals analysed. The metal contamination in tuna species meat has put serious question to the safety level of fish intake to the community. It represent an abiding threat to human health as it has been linked to some adverse health effects such as mental retardation, kidney damage, and various types of cancer and even worse, death could occur.The following review articles presents the findings of the work carried out by the various researchers in the past on the heavy metal pollution in samples of Tuna species around the world.
Synergistic Effect of Synthetic Pheromone and Kairomone-Releasing Food Baits in Mass Trapping System of Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus
Authors: Muhammad Firdaus M H , Chuah T S , Wahizatul A A
Published: August 2020

The red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus is one of the most damaging pests of major cultivated palms worldwide, and is a serious threat to Malaysia’s coconut and oil palm industries. Current tactic to manage the weevils are largely based on aggregation pheromone traps. Thus, it is crucial to come up with an effective method to manage the pest based on pheromone based mass trapping system before it causes any significant economic losses. In the present study, the synergistic effect of synthetic pheromone and kairomone-releasing food baits was evaluated in highly infested area of Kuala Terengganu. Pineapple food bait was the most effective in capturing RPW with the greatest capture of weevils (12 individuals/trap), followed by oil palm petiole (10.8 individuals/trap), sugarcane (7.6 individuals/trap), and the lowest capture was coconut fruit (6.6 individuals/trap). More females (166 individuals) were trapped than males (54 individuals) with the sex ratio (1 male: 3.1 females). In terms of environmental parameters, the higher amount of rainfall and relative humidity, the lower the numbers of captured weevils were observed. In contrast, higher reading of weekly temperature influenced higher numbers of captured weevils. The inconsistency weather during monsoon season should be considered in implementing the mass trapping system of RPW. Finding from this study is important for a more effective and long-lasting method of pheromone based mass trapping in integrated RPW control strategy program.
Response of Celery to addition of nitrogen and spray with salicylic acid in the leaves content of nutrients
Authors: Al-ubaidy Ridha M. , Al-Umrany Hussein H. , Al-Shmarmy Lamiaa A.
Published: August 2020

To study the response of the celery plant to nitrogen fertilization and spray with salicylic acid in the leaves content of nutrients, the research was conducted in one of the fields of the Department of Horticulture and Gardening Engineering / College of Agriculture / University of Baghdad within the 2019-2018 season. The research was carried out as a global experiment and with the design of complete randomized sectors (RCBD) and with three replicates, the first factor included the addition of nitrogen with three levels and its symbol (N) (N1 control), (N2) g / m2 18 ), (N3) 37 g / m2 and the second factor spraying acid salicylic is denoted by (S), (S1 control ), (S2 25 mg / L ), (S3 50 mg / L ), (S4) 75 mg / L ) and the interference between them. The results showed that the treatment of interference between nitrogen fertilizer and spray with salicylic acid (N3S4) in The percentage of N, P and K elements in the leaves was 1.80, 0.0080 and 2.91%, and the element Mg, Fe and Ca were 4376.3, 3111,and 6669 mg.kg − 1 dry matter, respectively.
Effect of adding pumpkin and flax oil to diets on the meats physical and chemical traits of broilers
Authors: Oraibi Hasan Mokhalad , Khalaf Hasan Tariq , Abdul Husain Naji Saad
Published: August 2020

This study was conducted in the fields of Animal Production Department/Faculty of Agriculture/Tikrit University during the period from 9th April, 2019 to 14th May, 2019 to know effect of adding pumpkin and flax oil to the diets on physical and chemical traits of the broiler meat. 480 day old chicks (Ross-308) were randomly distributed to eight treatments, each group was divided to three replicates(20 birds/replicate). T1 was a standard feed without supplementation, T2 was standard feed with 50 mg/kg feed of Neomycin antibiotic (positive control), while T3, T4 and T5 diets which sunflower Oil in the control diets replaced with pumpkin seed oil at concentrations 0.5, 1 and 1.5 %, respectively, otherwise T6, T7 and T8 diets replaced with flaxseed oil at concentrations 0.5, 1 and 1.5 %, respectively. The results showed significant decrease(P≤0.05) in T1, T3, T5, T6 and T8 compared to T2 in the drip loss but the treatments did not differ significantly in the thawing loss, all treatments decreased significantly in the loss during cooking and water holding capacity compared with T2. All treatments increased significantly(P≤0.05) in the myoglobin concentration compared with T1 except T4 and T7. The cholesterol concentration of meat decreased in all treatments compared to T1. T5 and T8 increased significantly compared with other treatments in pH of meat. All treatments decreased significantly (P≤0.05) except T4 and T5 compared to T2 in the percent of meat moisture. T6 increased significantly in protein percent compared with T2. All treatments decreased significantly compared with T2 in the fat percent. Ash percent in meat did not differ significantly among treatments. All oxidation indicators such as Thiobarbituric acid (TBA), Peroxide Value(PV) and Free Fatty Acids(FFA) increased significantly (P≤0.05) compared to T1 for meat stored in the freeze for one and half month. The percentage of all fatty acids increased significantly(P≤0.05) compared to T1 and T2.
The effect of low and highly temperature degree on red rust flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. (Tenebrionidae : Coleoptera)
Authors: Qader F. A.
Published: August 2020

The study was carried out in the life sciences laboratory of Education College of Hawija for the purpose of studying the effect of low and high temperatures on rust red flour beetleTribolium castaneum(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) . The results of the study showed that the lower thermal temperatures 0.0, -4, -5.0,-10.0 and10.15c caused the killing in the different phases of the red rust beetle in high proportions, while the moderately temperatures 10.0,15,20, 25,and 35c don’t killed any individual insect because most of these temperatures are in fact suitable for the life activity and effectiveness of the insect but, highly temperatures like, 50, 55,60, 65, 70, were caused highly mortality for red rust flour beetle that reached to 100%for all developmental stages ( larva, pupa, and adult ) during most exposure times.
Effect of Addition of Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus Tuberosus) Tubers Powder, and Inulin on Lactobacillus Reuteri Activity and Recovery After Freezing Injury
Authors: Yaseen Ali A. , Khashan Bilal A. , Hasan Anmar N. , Abedalhammed Hazem S.
Published: August 2020

This study indicated that the addition of 2% of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) tubers powder (JTP) exceeded the activity of Lactobacillus reuteri in comparison with inulin and control treatment. The number of bacteria after the activation period 24 hours/37°C increased in the skim milk added 1, 2 and 5% JTP to 70 × 106, 210 × 108 and 119 × 107 Colony Forming Unit (cfu)/ml respectively. While the number of bacteria in the skim milk supported by addition 1, 2 and 5% Inulin was 56 × 107, 83 × 107 and 74 × 106 cfu/ml. While in the control treatment was 44 × 106 cfu/ml. The results indicated that the addition of 2% of the JTP contributed well to the preservation bacterial viability during period of storage at 4°C/7 days and frozen storage at -18°C/60 days. The number of bacteria in the fermented skim milk was supported by 1, 2 and 5% JTP 90 × 107, 200 × 107, 63 × 107 cfu\ml respectively after cooling period, while it reached 30× 102,22×102 and 6 × 102 cfu\ml respectively after freezing period, while the numbers of bacteria in the control treatment were 44 cells/g only. The results indicated that the addition of 2% of the inulin was superior in keeping the numbers of bacteria during the frozen storage period at -18°C/60 days compared to the refrigerated storage at 4°C/30 days, the number of bacteria in the fermented milk and supported by 1, 2 and 5% of the inulin 72×107,83×107 and 63×107 cfu\ml after the cooling period respectively, while in frozen milk was 36×103, 47×103 and 50 ×103cfu\ml. The results also indicated the positive role of the addition of 2% JTP in the recovery of injure cells after the end of the frozen storage period -18°C/60 days where the number of cells at activation period following the freezing increased from 44 cells/ml to 71×104cfu\ml, While the number of the media which supported by inulin was 48×103cfu\ml and in the was control 57×102c.f.u\ml.
Effectiveness evaluation of Trichozone for Trichoderma harzianum and Fulzyme for Bacillus subtillus and Pseudomonas fluorescens in curbing causes of charcoal rot disease on the watermelon plant
Authors: Ahmid D.H. , Ismail S.M.
Published: August 2020

The results of the study showed the inhibitory effect of the preparation of Trichozone and Fulzyme included the biocontrol agents Trichoderma harzianum and Fulzyme bacterial preparation in Bacillus subtillus and Pseudomonas fluorescens in the laboratory in the growth of colonies of the pathogenic fungus Macrophomina Phaseolina on the PDA agricultural medium, as the two preparations at three concentrations 2.5, 5 and 7.5% achieved in a case of singularity or their combination together a significant inhibition of the pathogenic fungi colony diameter compared to the control treatment, as the interaction between the two factors of Trichozone and Fulzyme achieved the lowest diameter of the growth of that colony as it reached 2.3 cm and a rate of inhibition of 74.44% at the third concentration 7.5%. The results of the study showed the effectiveness of Trichozone and Fulzyme in field to inhibit the charcoal disease on the watermelon plant caused by the pathogenic fungus M. phaseolina, where significant superiority was achieved in treating the combined of the trichozone and Fulzyme and by treating the seeds and watering the seedlings in reducing the severity of infection and reducing the loss in the studied growth characteristics of wet biological weight, dry weight of the root system, plant length and chlorophyll ratio, with an effect average reached 0.17, 1212.1 gm, 3.43 gm, 241.3 cm and 62.8 spad, respectively. Control of pathogen contaminated fungus and untreated achived averages of 0.63, 731.6 gm, 1.81 gm, 145.2 cm and 50.7 spad, respectively. Moreover, the results of the study showed a significant difference in the effect of the same treatment with the difference in the method of application that treatment, the method of using the seed treatment and watering the seedlings superiority on the seed treatment only and for all studied treatments.
Effect of Dill Powder (Anethum graveolens) as a Dietary Supplement on Productive Performance, Mortality and Economic Figure in Broiler
Authors: Hammod Ali J. , Abd El-Aziz Ayman H. , Areaaer Ammar H. , Alfertosi Khalil A.
Published: August 2020

Background and Aim: Dill “Anethum graveolens” is considered to be an important herbal medicinal plant in the celery family “Apiaceae”. It is the only member of the genus “Anethum”. Dill seed’s health benefits include the potential to improve digestive health, as well as supplying insomnia, hiccups, respiratory disorders, nausea, dysentery, and cancer relief. This experiment was conducted to shed light the influences of dietary Dill leaves powder supplementation on growth performance, edible giblets and mortality rate with reference to its economical figure for Ross 308 broiler. Experimental: 120 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks have been allotted into the four dietary experimental groups, each with three replicates and 10 birds each as randomized design. The experimental groups were classified into basal diet with no Dill powder kept as control, and 1, 2 and 3 g of Dill powder per kg of diets respectively. The birds growth performance including live body weights gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were monitored weekly. At the end of the experiment eight male birds were selected randomly from each replicate slaughtered and edible giblets viz., gizzard, heart and liver, were calculated. In addition, the effect of dill power supplementation on the mortality rate as well as its economic figure was recorded. Results: Data indicated that using Dill leaves powder at the level of 1 g/kg ration significantly increased feed intake (FI), live body weight (BW), weight gain (WG) compared to control and other treatment groups. Additionally, there were remarkable differences (p≤0.05) for feed conversion ratio (FCR) among experimental groups. In addition, edible giblets were better in groups supplemented with dill leaves powder compared with the control. The Dill leaves powder at the level of g/kg ration did not reported any mortalities and the economic figures did not show any significant differences among the experimental groups. Recommended applications/industries: Conclusively, dietary supplementation of Dill leaves powder enhanced the productive performance of broilers chicks especially at the level of 1 g/kg ration.
The Impact of Corruption on Agriculture Sector in Iraq: Econometrics Approach
Authors: Abbas Drebee Hayder , Azam Abdul-Razak Nor
Published: August 2020

The agricultural sector is an important economic activity in most Arab countries, including Iraq, in terms of its capacity to a large proportion of the total manpower. This makes it a major source of sustenance for a large proportion of the total population. Its contribution to the gross domestic product (GDP) has decreased in the past two decades because of many reasons including irrigation water shortage and the decrease in the total cultivated areas…..etc. However, the impact of corruption, which is one of the economic phenomena that have repercussions on both developed and developing countries, especially countries that are going through difficult circumstances, including Iraq, which leads the most corrupt countries, has been neglected. Therefore, investigating the reasons for the low growth of the agricultural sector is the big goal for decision-makers. This study aims to demonstrate an equilibrium relationship between corruption and the growth of the agricultural sector in Iraq for the period (2004Q2 - 2019Q4) in both short and long runs. To achieve this objective, Johansen and Juselius, and VECM model were used. The study concluded that there is a co-integration between the growth of the agricultural sector and corruption and the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between them in the long run. Also, the results found that corruption contributed 29% to the explanation of the changes in the agricultural sector’s contribution to the GDP. This indicates the importance of this study and the neglect of previous studies on the impact of corruption on the growth of the agriculture al sector. Therefore, appropriate measures must be taken to develop economic policies to combat corruption for the advancement of the agricultural sector.
CHARACTERIZATION AND SYNTHESIS OF NEW MODEL OF DERIVATIVE COLONAZEPAM AND CLINICAL TRIAL TO INSPECTION OF ADVERSE EFFECT IN MALE MICE
Authors: Awni Kamal J. , Aboktifa Mohammed A. , Salman Mohammed A. , Jasim Adnan M.
Published: August 2020

Prepare new derivatives 5-(3-Fluoro-biphenyl-2-yl)-7-nitro-1,3-dihydro-benzo[e] [1,4]diazepin-2-ol (88)and 5-Nitro-2’-(7-nitro-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[e][1,4]diazepin-5-yl)-biphenyl-3-carboxylic acid (89)compound from clonazepam and identified by spectrum of 13C-NMR and showed spectrum 1H-NMR . Clonazepam has massive adverse effect on prostate,lung,liver,kidney and spleen 3-new derivatives 5-(3-Fluoro-biphenyl-2-yl)-7-nitro-1,3-dihydro-benzo[e] [1,4]diazepin-2-ol (88) has limited effect and there is no clear changes in most organs studies.4-5-Nitro-2’-(7-nitro-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1Hbenzo[e][1,4]diazepin-5-yl)-biphenyl-3-carboxylic acid (89)compound has significant adverse effect but still less potent than clonazepam.

OBJECTIVE

To characterization and synthesis of new drugs related to clonazepam as well as to overcome massive adverse effect of clonazepam and increase the potency and half live of drugs.