bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Significance of Primary Immunodeficiency Disorder (PID)–associated Germline Mutations in Korean patients with ALL
Authors: Shin Sang-Yong , Lee Hyeonah , Lee Seung-Tae , Choi Jong Rak , Jung Chul Won , Koo Hong Hoe , Kim Sun-Hee
Published: March 2020

Background In addition to somatic mutations, germline genetic predisposition to hematologic malignancies is an emerging research issue. In this study, we investigated genetic alterations (both somatic and germline) in Korean acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (ALL) patients using targeted gene panel sequencing. Method We selected ALL patients diagnosed at Samsung Medical Center. Eighty-two well known genes associated with 23 predisposition syndromes were included in the gene panel. In addition to sequence variants, gene-level copy number variants (CNVs) were investigated. Results Ninety-three ALL patients (65 children, 28 adults) were enrolled in this study. We identified 197 somatic sequence variants (excluding synonymous variants) and 223 somatic CNVs. Overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) differed significantly by cytogenetic group in childhood B-ALL. The IKZF1 alteration had an adverse effect on OS and RFS in childhood ALL. Among the 82 genes associated with 23 predisposition syndromes, known mutations (TP53, LIG4) and novel mutations (TINF2, CTC1) were identified. Nine patients (9.7%) had pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants associated with primary immunodeficiency disorder (PID) in a heterozygous state. Conclusions We found recurrent mutations and clinical effects similar to those reported in previous studies. We also found an unexpectedly high prevalence of PID-associated germline mutations. Our results suggest several important points: 1) paired leukemic and normal control samples are recommended to discriminate somatic and germline mutations; 2) gene panels must include genes associated with predisposition; 3) gene panels must include genes associated with PID.
Identification of prognosis-related genes in the cervical cancer immune microenvironment
Authors: Yang Lirong , Yang Yang , Meng Mingyao , Wang Wenju , He Shan , Zhao Yiyi , Gao Hui , Tang Weiwei , Li Lin , Hou Zongliu
Published: March 2020

Background Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide. The metastasis and invasion of this type of cancer are closely related to the tumor microenvironment. Immune cells and stromal cells dominate the tumor microenvironment in cervical cancer. Therefore, we should further understand the association between tumor progress and immune cells or stromal cells.Methods we downloaded the gene expression profiles and clinical data of 307 patients with cervical cancers based on the TCGA database. Subsequently the Estimation of Stromal and Immune cells in Malignant Tumours using Expression data (ESTIMATE) algorithm was used to calculate the scores of stromal cells and immune cells to find differential genes, and analyzed the correlation between their scores and patient survival. Moreover, we also used R language packs and network tools to analyze GO term, gene enrichment pathway, and protein-protein relationship to find genes related to inflammation and immune regulation.Results The gene expression profiles and corresponding clinical data of 307 patients were obtained from TCGA datasets. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the high immunescore group and the low immunescore group. And the low immunescore group had shorter lifetimes than the high scores group (P = 0.035).Moreover, PPI network analysis CCR5 and CXCL9, -10, -11 / CXCR3 axis might be new target for cervical cancer treatment. Finally, Kaplan-Meier survival curves found out nine representative genes significantly related to survival including BTNL8 , CCR7 , CD1E , CD6 , CD27 , CD79A , GRAP2 , SP1B , LY9 .Conclusions These genes can be used as markers for the prognosis and diagnosis of cervical cancer and also might be used as treatment targets.
Adherence to the Exercise Program In Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Undergoing Haemodialysis at a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: V Vijay Samuel Raj , Mangalvedhe Prashanth V , Shetty Manjunath S
Published: March 2020

Background : Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is considered as one of the current public health problem, associated with increased mortality rates. People with CKD have a greater chance of having a decreased function and quality of life (QoL). It’s important to keep one active and healthy at the same time encourage and incorporate exercises and physical activity.Methods: The objectives are to evaluate the adherence to exercise programme by patients diagnosed with CKD undergoing dialysis and to identify potential barriers to patient adherence to exercise program. The observational study was carried out in a tertiary hospital at dialysis unit. Total 42 patients undergoing dialysis as outpatients in a tertiary hospital completed the study. The baseline outcome measures of joint range of motion and maximum repetition rate (MRR) testing selected muscles were checked. Strengthening exercises for using resistance band were carried out during haemodialysis and a home exercise program (HEP) was taught to the patients to be followed on the remaining five days of the week. At the end of three months, adherence to the exercise was evaluated through questionnaire.Results: At the end of 12 weeks 52% adhered to exercises during dialysis and 48% at Home Exercise Program (HEP)Conclusions: Adherence to strengthening exercise programme in patients undergoing haemodialysis as out-patients in a tertiary hospital is average. It is clinically essential to take the adherence in to consideration while prescribing exercise program in patients undergoing dialysis.
A pooled analysis of risk factors of surgically treated leiomyosarcoma of the colon in adults
Authors: Wang Yun , Wang Hao , Yuan Zhi-Lu , Zhao Jing-Fei , Dong Dian-Bo , Gao Qian
Published: March 2020

Background: This current systematic review aimed to evaluate the role of surgical management and risk factors by pooled cases from all identified patients with colonic leiomyosarcomas. Methods: The authors searched the Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane databases using the keywords “colonic” “colon” and “leiomyosarcoma”. Risk factors of colonic leiomyosarcoma in the pooled cohort were also evaluated. Results: Between 1923 and 2018, 39 cases of colonic leiomyosarcoma were identified in 20 (51.3%) males and 19 (48.7%) females, with a mean and median age of 59.2 ± 2.2 years and 57.0 years. According to univariate analysis, smaller tumor size < 8 cm was significantly associated with longer progression-free survival (HR=6.114, 95% CI=1.226-30.501; p=0.027), and younger age < 60 years was trending toward better overall survival (HR=2.588, 95% CI=0.860-7.793; p=0.091). Conclusions: colonic leiomyosarcomas are rare neoplasms with aggressive clinical behaviors. Age < 60 years and tumor size < 8 cm were favorable factors for patients’ better survival.
Effect of preoperative jaundice on long-term prognosis of gallbladder carcinoma with radical resection
Authors: yang xinwei , Jun-yi Chen , Zhi-jian Wen , Yu-long Li , Fei-yu Wang , Liang Li , Jue Yang , Ping-hua Yang , zhang baohua , shen feng
Published: March 2020

Purposes This study was designed to evaluate the long-term prognostic value of preoperative jaundice and explore which clinicopathological factor significantly influencing the long-term prognosis of gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) after radical resection (R0). Methods A total of 267 GBC patients who underwent R0 resection between January 2004 and December 2014 were enrolled, including 54 patients with preoperative jaundice and 213 patients without jaundice. The clinicopathological parameters between the two groups were compared, and the correlation between preoperative jaundice and the long-term prognosis was furtherly analyzed. Results Unilateral and multivariate analyses of 267 GBC patients showed that the depth of tumor invasion (pT stage), lymphatic metastasis, and hepatic invasion were independent prognostic factors. In terms of the 54 GBC patients with preoperative jaundice, univariate and multivariate analysis showed that only pT stage was an independent factor for prognosis. Furthermore, the intraoperative blood transfusion and pT stage were significant different between long-term survival (survival for more than 3 years) and those who died within 3 years (P<0.05). Conclusion Preoperative jaundice was not the independent factor affecting the poor long-term prognosis of gallbladder carcinoma after R0 resection. The pT stage was the only long-term prognostic factor in all GBC patients with and without preoperative jaundice.
Integrins Alpha-2 and Beta-1 increase through Multiple Generations of the EDW01 Patient-Derived Xenograft Model of Breast Cancer – Markers but not Drivers of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Wafai Razan , Williams Elizabeth D. , de Souza Emma , Simpson Peter T. , Reed Amy E. McCart , Kutasovic Jamie R. , Waltham Mark , Snell Cameron E. , Blick Tony , Thompson Erik W. , Hugo Honor
Published: March 2020

Background: Breast cancers acquire aggressive capabilities via epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), in which various integrins/integrin linked kinase signalling are upregulated. Methods: We investigated this in two patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) developed from breast-to-bone metastases, and it’s functional significance in a breast cancer cell line system. ED03 and EDW01 PDXs were grown subcutaneously in immunocompromised SCID mice through 11 passages and 7 passages, respectively. Tumour tissue was assessed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) for estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha, E-cadherin, vimentin, Twist1, beta-catenin, P120-RasGAP, CD44, CD24 and Ki67, and RT-qPCR of EMT-related factors (CDH1, VIM, CD44, CD24), integrins beta-1 (ITGB1), alpha-2 (ITGA2) and ILK. Integrin and ILK expression in epidermal growth factor (EGF) induced EMT of the PMC42-ET breast cancer cell line was assessed by RT-qPCR and Western blotting, as were the effects of their transient knockdown via small interfering RNA +/- EGF. Cell migration, changes in cell morphology and adhesion of siRNA-transfected PMC42-ET cells to various extracellular matrix (ECM) substrates was assessed. Results: The ED03 (ER+/PR-/HER2-/lobular) and EDW01 (ER+/PR-/HER2-/ductal) PDXs were both classified as molecular subtype luminal A. ED03 xenografts exhibited mutated E-cadherin with minimal expression, but remained vimentin-negative across all passages. In EDW01, the hypoxic indicator gene CAIX and Twist1 were co-ordinately upregulated at passage 4-5, corresponding with a decrease in E-cadherin. At passages 6-7, vimentin was upregulated along with ITGB1 and ITGA2, consistent with an increasing EMT. The ED03 PDX displayed minimal change over passages in mice, for all genes examined. ILK, ITGB1 and ITGA2 were also increased in the EGF-induced EMT of PMC42-ET cells (in which E-cadherin was downregulated) although siRNA against these targets revealed that this induction was not necessary for the observed EMT. However, their knockdown significantly reduced EMT-associated adhesion and Transwell migration. Conclusion: Our data suggest that despite an increase in integrins alpha-2 and beta-1 in the EMT exhibited by EDW01 PDX over multiple generations, this pathway may not necessarily drive the EMT process.
Global prevalence of hyperuricemia in adolescents from 2000 to 2019: A meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Lihui , Han Shuguang , Liu Fengjing , Chen Si , Chen Xiaoting , Chen Haibing
Published: March 2020

Background: Studies of the prevalence of hyperuricemia in adolescents have been limited to specific areas and the global prevalence is unknown. This study was to determine the prevalence of hyperuricemia in adolescents worldwide. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted to identify all relevant studies in multiple databases. A meta-analysis was performed to determine the prevalence of hyperuricemia in adolescents worldwide. Results: The meta-analysis included 13 articles. The pooled prevalence of hyperuricemia in adolescents was 14.4% (95% CI 9.2–19.5%). Publication bias was observed but the results did not change after a trim and fill test, indicating that the impact of this bias was likely insignificant. Conclusions: Hyperuricemia prevalence in adolescents is high and continues to increase. The prevalence varies with geography, gender, and time. Effective measures should be taken to prevent any further increase in the incidence of adolescent hyperuricemia. Keywords: prevalence, hyperuricemia, adolescents
Neurological outcome after extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for in-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gravesteijn Benjamin , Schluep Marc , Disli Maksud , Garkhail Prakriti , Miranda Dinis Dos Reis , Stolker Robert-Jan , Endeman Henrik , Hoeks Sanne Elisabeth
Published: March 2020

BackgroundIn hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) is a major adverse event with a high mortality rate if not treated appropriately. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR), as adjunct to conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CCPR) is a promising technique for IHCA treatment. Evidence pertaining to neurological outcomes after ECPR is still scarce. MethodsWe performed a comprehensive systematic search of all studies up to December 20th 2019. Our primary outcome was neurological outcome after ECPR at any moment after hospital discharge, defined by the Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) score. A score of 1 or 2 was defined as favourable outcome. Our secondary outcome was post-discharge mortality. A fixed-effects meta-analysis was performed. ResultsOur search yielded 1215 results, of which 19 studies were included in this systematic review. The average survival rate was 31% (95% CI: 28-33%, I2=0%, p=0.26). In the surviving patients, the pooled percentage of favourable neurological outcome was 83% (95% CI: 79-87%, I2=24%, p=0.75). ConclusionECPR as treatment for in-hospital cardiac arrest is associated with a large proportion of patients with good neurological outcome. The large proportion of favourable outcome could potentially be explained by the selection of patients for treatment using ECPR. Moreover, survival is higher than described in the conventional CPR literature. As indications for ECPR might extend to older or more fragile patient populations in the future, research should focus on increasing survival, while maintaining optimal neurological outcome.
5-Hydroxytryptamine-3 Receptor Antagonist and Dexamethasone as Prophylaxis for Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting during Moderately Emetic Chemotherapy for Solid Tumors: A Multicenter, Prospective, Observational Study
Authors: Matsui Reiko , Suzuki Kenichi , Takiguchi Tomomi , Nishio Makoto , Koike Takeshi , Hayashi Toshinobu , Seto Takashi , Kogure Yuki , Nogami Naoyuki , Fujiwara Kimiko , Kaneda Hiroyasu , Harada Tomohiko , Shimizu Satoru , Kimura Masashi , Kenmotsu Hirotsugu , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Goto Koichi
Published: March 2020

Background
Patients receiving moderate emetic risk chemotherapy (MEC) occurs chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in 30–90%, however the optimal antiemetic treatment remains controversial.
Methods
In this multicenter, prospective, observational study of adults treated with MEC for various cancer types in Japan, We enrolled patients kept diaries documenting CINV. All participants received a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist(5HT3RAs) and dexamethasone. We assessed various possible risk factors for complete response (CR; no emetic events and no antiemetic measures), total control (TC; no emetic events , no antiemetic measures and no nausea) and complete control (CC; no emetic events, no antiemetic measures and less than mild nausea) by univariate and multivariate analysis.
Results
Of the 400 patients enrolled from May 2013 to January 2015, 386 were eligible for evaluation. The overall CR rate was 64%, CBDCA-based chemotherapy and oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy were particularly low. However, we showed that the CR rates in men were high in CBDCA(AUC5)＋ETP (80%), CapeOX (78%) and CBDCA+PTX for lung cancer(73% ). Emesis occurred significantly more women (30%) than men (16%) of patients overall. TC and CC were achieved by 51% and 61% of patients. Logistic regression analysis revealed that age <65 years and history of motion sickness or pregnancy-associated vomiting were risk factors for nausea and being women for vomiting.
Conclusions
Our data support triplet regimen including NK1 receptor antagonist with woman receiving CBDCA-based chemotherapy or oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. However, it became clear that two antiemetics for men received CBDCA(AUC5)＋ETP, CBDCA＋PTX for lung cancer and CAPOX may be sufficiently effective. Further individualization of antiemetic regimens for patients receiving MEC on the basis of both type of chemotherapy regimen and sex is needed.
Healthy aging through the lens of community-based practitioners: a focus group study
Authors: Dev Rubee , Zaslavsky Oleg , Cochrane Barbara , Eagen Thomas , Woods Nancy F
Published: March 2020

Background Nearly one in every seven Americans is 65 years and older, facing day-to-day challenge of aging. Although interest in healthy aging is growing, most of the efforts are directed towards understanding the perceptions of older adults. Little is known about the perspectives of community-based practitioners who work with older adults and deliver programs to promote healthy aging. The purpose of this project was to expand knowledge on healthy aging by exploring the perspectives of community-based practitioners working directly with older adults. Methods We purposively sampled community-based practitioners (n=12, including nurses, physician, social workers, and other community services professionals), who then participated in one of three in-depth focus group discussions. Results Three core categories were identified: (1) characteristics of healthy aging; (2) healthy aging attainment; and (3) programs and activities for healthy aging. Participants identified a number of characteristics under person-specific, social, and spiritual dimensions of healthy aging. Healthy aging attainment was represented as facilitators and barriers, and programs and activities through promoting fitness and wellness. Conclusions Although practitioners’ perspectives had some overlap with traditional research and medical views on healthy aging, the unique and holistic model derived provides a more refined foundation for supporting healthy aging.
Minimally invasive beating heart technique for redo mitral valve surgery in patients with giant left ventricle
Authors: zhang hang , Xu Hua shan , Wen Bing , Zhao Wen-zeng , Liu Chao
Published: March 2020

Purpose: To analyze the feasibility and efficacy of minimally invasive beating heart technique for redo mitral valve surgery in the cardiac patients with giant left ventricle.Methods: Eighty cardiac patients with giant left ventricle according to the diagnostic criteria that left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD) was ≥70 mm,who underwent redo mitral valve surgery at our center from January 2006 to January 2019 were analyzed. We divided all patients into minimally invasive beating heart technique group (n=30) and conventional median thoracotomy arrested heart technique group (n=50) according to the surgical methods. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative variables were compared between two groups.Results: Minimally invasive beating heart technique compared to the conventional median thoracotomy arrested heart technique for redo mitral valve surgery in the cardiac patients with giant left ventricle had significant differences in operation time(P=0.002), cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time(P<0.001), intraoperative blood loss(P<0.001), postoperative transfusion ratio(P=0.01), postoperative transfusion amount(P<0.001), postoperative drainage volume(P=0.001), extubation time(P=0.04), intensive care unit (ICU) stay time(P=0.04) and postoperative hospital stay time(P<0.001), but no significant differences in re-exploration for bleeding, postoperative 30-day mortality, postoperative complications, and six months postoperative echocardiographic parameters.Conclusions: Using the method of minimally invasive beating heart technique for redo mitral valve surgery in the cardiac patients with giant left ventricle is feasible, effective, reliable and cosmetic, meanwhile reduce the operation time and CPB time, decrease the transfusion ratio and transfusion amount, shorten postoperative ICU stay and hospital stay time, promote the early extubation so that accelerate the patients’ early recovery.
VIBRANT: Automated recovery, annotation and curation of microbial viruses, and evaluation of viral community function from genomic sequence
Authors: Kieft Kristopher , Zhou Zhichao , Anantharaman Karthik
Published: March 2020

Background: Viruses are central to microbial community structure in all environments. The ability to generate large metagenomic assemblies of mixed microbial and viral sequences provides the opportunity to tease apart complex microbiome dynamics, but these analyses are currently limited by the tools available for analyses of viral genomes and assessing their metabolic impacts on microbiomes. Design: Here we present VIBRANT, the first method to utilize a hybrid machine learning and protein similarity approach that is not reliant on sequence features for automated recovery and annotation of viruses, determination of genome quality and completeness, and characterization of viral community function from metagenomic assemblies. VIBRANT uses neural networks of protein signatures and a newly developed v-score metric that circumvents traditional boundaries to maximize identification of lytic viral genomes and integrated proviruses, including highly diverse viruses. VIBRANT highlights viral auxiliary metabolic genes and metabolic pathways, thereby serving as a user-friendly platform for evaluating viral community function. VIBRANT was trained and validated on reference virus datasets as well as microbiome and virome data. Results: VIBRANT showed superior performance in recovering higher quality viruses and concurrently reduced the false identification of non-viral genome fragments in comparison to other virus identification programs, specifically VirSorter, VirFinder and MARVEL. When applied to 120,834 metagenomically derived viral sequences representing several human and natural environments, VIBRANT recovered an average of 94% of the viruses, whereas VirFinder, VirSorter and MARVEL achieved less powerful performance, averaging 48%, 87% and 71%, respectively. Similarly, VIBRANT identified more total viral sequence and proteins when applied to real metagenomes. When compared to PHASTER, Prophage Hunter and VirSorter for the ability to extract integrated provirus regions from host scaffolds, VIBRANT performed comparably and even identified proviruses that the other programs did not. To demonstrate applications of VIBRANT, we studied viromes associated with Crohn’s Disease to show that specific viral groups, namely Enterobacteriales-like viruses, as well as putative dysbiosis associated viral proteins are more abundant compared to healthy individuals, providing a possible viral link to maintenance of diseased states. Conclusions: The ability to accurately recover viruses and explore viral impacts on microbial community metabolism will greatly advance our understanding of microbiomes, host-microbe interactions and ecosystem dynamics.
Novel insights into the Thaumarchaeota in the deepest oceans: their metabolism and potential adaptation mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Hua , Zhong Haohui , Lehtovirta-Morley Laura , Liu Jiwen , Zheng Yanfen , Lin Heyu , Song Delei , Todd Jonathan D. , Tian Jiwei
Published: March 2020

Background: Marine Group I (MGI) Thaumarchaeota, which play key roles in the global biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen and carbon (ammonia oxidizers), thrive in the aphotic deep sea with massive populations. Recent studies have revealed that MGI Thaumarchaeota were present in the deepest part of oceans - the hadal zone (depth > 6,000 m, consisting almost entirely of trenches), with the predominant phylotype being distinct from that in the “shallower” deep sea. However, little is known about the metabolism and distribution of these ammonia oxidizers in the hadal water.Results: In this study, metagenomic data were obtained from 0-10,500 m deep seawater samples from the Mariana Trench. The distribution patterns of Thaumarchaeota derived from metagenomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were in line with that reported in previous studies: abundance of Thaumarchaeota peaked in bathypelagic zone (depth 1,000 – 4,000 m) and the predominant clade shifted in the hadal zone. Several metagenome-assembled thaumarchaeotal genomes were recovered, including a near-complete one representing the dominant hadal phylotype of MGI. Using comparative genomics we predict that unexpected genes involved in bioenergetics, including two distinct ATP synthase genes (predicted to be coupled with H+ and Na+ respectively), and genes horizontally transferred from other extremophiles, such as those encoding putative di-myo-inositol-phosphate (DIP) synthases, might significantly contribute to the success of this hadal clade under the extreme condition. We also found that hadal MGI have the genetic potential to import a far higher range of organic compounds than their shallower water counterparts. Despite this trait, hadal MDI ammonia oxidation and carbon fixation genes are highly transcribed providing evidence they are likely autotrophic, contributing to the primary production in the aphotic deep sea.Conclusions: Our study reveals potentially novel adaptation mechanisms of deep-sea thaumarchaeotal clades and suggests key functions of deep-sea Thaumarchaeota in carbon and nitrogen cycling.
Generalized Estimating Equation Modeling on Correlated Microbiome Sequencing Data with Longitudinal Measures
Authors: Chen Bo , Xu Wei
Published: March 2020

Background Existing models for assessing microbiome sequencing such as operational taxonomic units (OTUs) can only test predictors' effects on OTUs. There is limited work on how to estimate the correlations between multiple OTUs and incorporate such relationship into models to evaluate longitudinal OTU measures.Results We propose a novel approach to estimate OTU correlations based on their taxonomic structure, and apply such correlation structure in Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) models to estimate both predictors' effects and OTU correlations. We develop a two-part Microbiome Taxonomic Longitudinal Correlation (MTLC) model for multivariate zero-inflated OTU outcomes based on the GEE framework. In addition, longitudinal and other types of repeated OTU measures are integrated in the MTLC model.Conclusions Extensive simulations have been conducted to evaluate the performance of the MTLC method. Compared with the existing methods, the MTLC method shows robust and consistent estimation, and improved statistical power for testing predictors' effects. Lastly we demonstrate our proposed method by implementing it into a human microbiome study to evaluate the obesity on twins.
Impact of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Associated Revenues in No-tillage Pumpkin
Authors: Walters S. Alan
Published: March 2020

The use of no tillage (NT) integrated with cover cropping is a management practice that is becoming more popular with commercial ‘jack-o-lantern’ pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) growers in the eastern and midwestern United States, although little is known about nitrogen (N) fertilizer requirements for this production system. A field study was established at the Southern Illinois University Horticulture Research Center in Carbondale to evaluate the yield response of pumpkin and associated revenues to N fertilization in a NT production system after wheat (Triticum aestivum) harvest. Nitrogen application rate affected pumpkin leaf chlorophyll content, and resulting yields and revenues. At all sampling dates, pumpkin fertilized with 224 kg·ha−1 N had the greatest leaf chlorophyll content. Quadratic relationships best described pumpkin fruit size and diameter increase with N rates from 0 to 224 kg·ha−1. Furthermore, pumpkin fruit number and weight per hectare also increased in a quadratic manner, as N application rates increased from 0 to 224 kg·ha−1. The application of 168 kg·ha−1 N also provided high yields and large fruit sizes, although quadratic models indicated that maximum net revenues for NT pumpkins were achieved with 224 kg·ha−1 N. Growers applying 224 kg·ha−1 N would increase net revenues by ≈54%, 52%, and 51% at pumpkin fruit price points of $0.33, $0.44, $0.55 per kg, respectively, compared with 0 kg·ha−1 N fertilization. An additional 123 kg·ha−1 N from fertilizer was required for NT pumpkin production after wheat harvest in fields with high amounts of cereal straw residues on the soil surface compared with the 101 kg·ha−1 N recommended for conventional tillage systems with no cover crop residues. This study suggests that N fertilizer investments will provide significant monetary returns in NT pumpkin systems. However, the 168 kg·ha−1 N rate provided the highest return on fertilizer investment at all pumpkin pricing points compared with all other N rates evaluated. Additionally, pumpkins grown in NT systems using a winter grain crop that is ended at flowering should require similar N amounts, because little N is used during heading and grain ripening. Although growers often look for ways to reduce input costs in vegetable production systems, N fertilization is clearly an important investment that provides increased yields and revenues in NT pumpkins. The results of this study should provide additional information to establish N fertilizer recommendations for NT pumpkin production.
Multitactic Preplant Soil Fumigation with Allyl Isothiocyanate in Cut Flowers and Strawberry
Authors: Hoffmann Mark , Ajwa Husein A. , Westerdahl Becky B. , Koike Steven T. , Stanghellini Mike , Wilen Cheryl , Fennimore Steven A.
Published: March 2020

Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is a glucosinolate produced in cruciferous plant species. AITC is known to act as a pesticide on microorganisms, insects, and weeds. Synthetic AITC is registered as a biopesticide for agricultural soil treatment use in the United States and elsewhere in the world. Although a potent pesticide, reports on the weed and pathogen control efficacy of synthetic AITC applied as soil disinfectant are highly variable. Due to the low vapor pressure of AITC, questions remain as to whether pest and weed control efficacy can be improved by combining it with other chemicals. The objective of this study was to assess the control efficacy of AITC stand-alone applications vs. applications, in which AITC was combined with the standard-fumigants chloropicrin, 1,3-dichloropicrin, and methyl isothiocyanate. Two shank-applied on-farm field trials were conducted in cut flower [delphinium (Delphinium elatum), ranunculus (Ranunculus asiaticus)] fields, and two drip tape applied field trials in strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) fields in California. Weed pressure, weed seed viability, nematode survival, and pathogen survival of Pythium ultimum, fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum), and verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae) were assessed. Cumulative yearly yield of marketable fruit was assessed in the strawberry field trials. The results of this study show that the use of AITC as a stand-alone treatment provided no consistent weed or pathogen control efficacy. However, our results also indicate that shank and drip applied multitactic fumigation approaches with AITC can efficiently control soil-borne diseases and weeds. These findings have potential implications, especially in those areas where certain fumigants are restricted due to regulations and/or availability.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in obese patients
Authors: Borobov Yu. M. , Samsonova A. A. , Lapushkin D. Yu. , Zaripova Z. , Solovieva M. O. , Astakhova D. Yu.
Published: March 2020

Objective: an analysis of literature covering the effects of morbid obesity on various aspects of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and its outcomes. Currently, there is no speciﬁc standard for CPR in morbidly obese patients (body mass index ≤ 30). Signiﬁcant constitutional, anatomical, and physiological factors can lead to negative treatment outcomes in people with signiﬁcant  excess weight. The review presents study results evaluating the effectiveness of the essential components of CPR in obese patients. In particular, it discusses issues of indirect cardiac massage and deﬁbrillation, airway management and ventilation, venous access, and pharmacokinetics of drugs used during CPR. It demonstrates that CPR in obese patients has its own characteristics not mentioned in official recommendations and guidelines.
Disputed issues of systemic toxicity of local anesthetics
Authors: Unzhakov V. V. , Netesin E. S. , Gorbachev V. I.
Published: March 2020

Objective: assessment of the "systemic toxicity of local anesthetics,” term validity, and a legal appraisal of the term “lipid resuscitation.” Regulatory documents and specialized literature devoted to the terminology of toxicity of local anesthetics were reviewed and analyzed. The article presents the classiﬁcation of the adverse events proposed by World Health Organization experts. The legal issues related to the so-called “lipid resuscitation” are discussed. It seems appropriate to replace the term “systemic toxicity” of local anesthetics in all official documents with the term “side effect of the drug” or “side effects.” The use of the “lipid resuscitation” term in clinical practice is not supported by regulatory documents.
Can the efficacy of anti-bacterial therapy of nosocomial infections be enhanced?
Authors: Polushin Yu. S. , Shlyk I. V.
Published: March 2020

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Abiotic Sources of Molecular Hydrogen on Earth
Authors: Klein Frieder , Tarnas Jesse D. , Bach Wolfgang
Published: March 2020

The capacity for molecular hydrogen (H2) to hydrogenate oxygen and carbon is critical to the origin of life and represents the basis for all known life-forms. Major sources of H2 that strictly involve nonbiological processes and inorganic reactants include (1) the reduction of water during the oxidation of iron in minerals, (2) water splitting due to radioactive decay, (3) degassing of magma at low pressures, and (4) the reaction of water with surface radicals during mechanical breaking of silicate rocks. None of these processes seem to significantly affect the current global atmospheric budget of H2, yet there is substantial H2 cycling in a wide range of Earth’s subsurface environments, with multifaceted implications for microbial ecosystems.
Effect of Concentration Variation on Optical and Structural Properties of TiO2 Thin Films
Authors: Ezike Sabastine Chinedu
Published: March 2020

Concentrations in weight percent (5- 25 wt %) of TiO2 films used to optimize the film formation. The TiO2 films on glass substrates successfully obtained by spin-coating process using TiO2 nanopowder as precursor. Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) equipped with Electron Diffraction X-ray (EDX) and X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) techniques used to characterize the films. The result of electron transport material (TiO2) showed that film prepared from 15 wt % of TiO2 solution and annealed at 450  has highest transmittance at visible light region with indirect optical band gap of 3.24 eV which corresponds to wavelength of 382 nm whereas 20 wt % has indirect band gap of 2.99 nm equivalent to 414.7 nm . The chemical analysis from Electron Diffraction Spectroscopy (EDS) of the material shows titanium and oxygen present at L and K-shells, respectively. The sample crystallized with preferred orientation at (101) from XRD analysis.
Análise Microbiológica de Água de Córrego em Áreas de Contato com Agrotóxicos: Identificação e Atividade Bacteriana Frente a Antibióticos
Authors: Corbellini Karen , Ströher Amanda Luisa , Maciel Mônica Jachetti
Published: March 2020

A contaminação dos recursos hídricos é preocupante. A água consumida pelo ser humano deve ser potável, a quantidade de microrganismos e agentes químicos controlada. Porém, há um problema quando há desenvolvimento de resistência ao tratamento com antibacterianos. O uso de agrotóxicos pode provocar alterações no crescimento microbiano quando em contato com a água. Com base nisso, este estudo objetivou avaliar a presença de coliformes totais, termotolerantes, Escherichia coli e bactérias heterotróficas em águas de córregos, e avaliar se E. coli adquire maior resistência à antibióticos após a exposição a agrotóxicos. Após as análises microbiológicas foram encontradas elevadas concentrações de coliformes totais e coliformes termotolerantes e bactérias heterotróficas em todos os pontos dos córregos. Bactérias E. coli apresentaram resistência somente a ampicilina, resultado repetido após a exposição ao glifosato, concluindo que, nas condições desse trabalho, o uso do agrotóxico não altera a sensibilidade de E. coli perante antimicrobianos.
Initial Development of Carnival Fish of Sweet Water: Systematic Review of Literature
Authors: Tosta Marcela Ribeiro , Freitas Mariane Leão , Navarro Rodrigo Diana
Published: March 2020

The initial development of carnivorous fish in farms requires intensive care regarding nutrition and management, in order to avoid the stress that can lead to cannibalistic behavior, a major cause of mortality in larvae and juveniles of cultivated carnivorous species. The objective of this article was to evaluate the initial development of carnivorous freshwater fish in South American territory, focusing on the development of the digestive tract and feeding, through a systematic literature review, resulting from research in scientific databases, with the strategy of searching for the key-words: fish and larvae and development and digestive and Brazil and "name of the different species found", besides manual searches made in the bibliographical references of the articles selected. At the end of the selection, 17 articles, published between 2007 and 2017, were included in the review. It was verified that the ontological evaluation of the digestive system of the larvae’s is of major importance to adapt the nutritional management to the needs of the young animals, reaching higher productivity of carnivorous fish.
Fragmentação da Paisagem na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Preto (BHRP) - Cerrado Baiano
Authors: Santos Crisliane Aparecida Pereira dos
Published: March 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a BHRP (Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Preto) por meio de métricas que expliquem e/ou demonstrem a fragmentação da paisagem como consequência do processo da expansão da modernização da fronteira agrícola no Oeste da Bahia. Com base nos limites das sub-bacias da BHRP efetuou-se o mapeamento dos fragmentos naturais, no período de 1980 - 2010 e em seguida aplicou-se os índices obtidos por meio da extensão gratuita Patch Analyst 2.0. A antropização da cobertura natural levou à redução de áreas contínuas em fragmentos mais reduzidos. Essas áreas foram sendo subtraídas pelo avanço das ocupações agrícolas, aumentando-se o efeito de borda, seguidas de menor área central interna. As sub-bacias de maior intensidade e uso do solo, associadas ao maior grau de modernização agropecuária (Rio do Ouro e Rio Riachão) mostraram perdas de área maior, seguidas de menor qualidade da paisagem que nas demais sub-bacias (Rio Sapão, Alto Curso, Médio Curso e Baixo Curso).
Aspectos Socioeconômicos da Mariscagem para as Comunidades Mem de Sá e Tinharé, Rio Vaza-Barris, Sergipe
Authors: Oliveira Josevania De , Andrade Edilma de Jesus , Melo e Souza Rosemeri
Published: March 2020

O estudo teve como objetivo identificar os aspectos socioeconômicos dos catadores de moluscos das comunidades Mem de Sá (Itaporanga D'Ajuda) e Tinharé (São Cristóvão), Sergipe. Para tal, foram realizadas visitas, aplicação de questionários nas duas comunidades e o método adotado foi “Bola de Neve” (Snowball). Em Mem de Sá e Tinharé, notou-se a presença de casas rústicas e pequenas, baixo grau de escolaridade, elevado número de membros por família, baixa renda familiar e a coleta de lixo irregular. Também se verificou que a mariscagem é realizada mais por mulheres e praticada de 02 a 07 dias por semana. Além disso, essa atividade tem contribuído com a economia das comunidades de Mem de Sá e Tinharé. Porém, os dados socioeconômicos obtidos apontam para uma situação de baixa qualidade de vida dos moradores e das condições ambientais nessas comunidades. Faz-se necessário um intercâmbio de informações entre poder público, comunidade científica e comunidades tradicionais para que desenvolvam projetos e ações que tornem a mariscagem uma atividade mais sustentável e valorizada.
Impacto Ambiental do Extrato Solubilizado de Borra de Café sobre Organismo Terrestre
Authors: Franco Heider Alves , Rocha Marcus Vinicius de Castro , Thode Filho Sergio
Published: March 2020

O consumo do café, bebida, é responsável pela geração de uma massa residual denominada borra de café residual. Estudos de impacto ambiental sobre esse material e/ou aqueles oriundos da sua decomposiçãosão escassos. Desse modo, o presente trabalho objetivou identificar o potencial de impacto ambiental do extrato solubilizado da borra de café (BC) residual via efeito de fuga com minhocas Eisenia fetida, em solo arenoso e argiloso. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 6 tratamentos e 3 repetições para ambos os solos. Os tratamentos foram: T1 - 3,125%; T2 – 6,25%; T3 – 12,5%; T4 – 25%; T5 – 50% e T6 – 100% de extrato BC em função do volume para umedecer cada solo.Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade, com auxílio do software BioEstat 5.0.Identificou-se que o extrato BC, de maneira geral não apresentou efeito tóxico potencial. Todavia, cabe ressaltar que em doses equivalentes a 100% da umidade na capacidade de campo, ocorreu fuga dos organismos, o que revela toxicidade, para ambos os solos.
As Principais Formas de Aquisição de Tecnologia Assistiva: Um Estudo Realizado em Clínicas de Reabilitação na Cidade de Anápolis/GO
Authors: Parreira Samara Lamounier Santana , Silva Flavio Roberto Rosa , Valle Éverton Fleury Victorino , Oliveira Acary Souza Bulle , Campos Francisco Itami , Fernandes Viviane Lemos Silva , Rosseto Lucimar Pinheiro , Santos Vagner Rogério dos
Published: March 2020

Na Convenção dos Direitos das Pessoas com Deficiência da ONU (2006), o Brasil assumiu o compromisso de promover o conhecimento, o acesso e a disponibilização de recursos de Tecnologia Assistiva (TA). O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar as principais formas de aquisição de TA, utilizadas por pacientes em reabilitações em três instituições de Anápolis/GO. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, transversal e quantitativo. Participaram desta pesquisa 108 pacientes com sequelas de lesões neurológicas e pais/responsáveis daqueles menores de 18 anos de idade. Ficou constatado que a maioria dos participantes (66%) adquire os recursos de TA através do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), o qual disponibiliza recursos por meio das instituições e associações de apoio à pessoa com deficiência. O acesso aos recursos de TA por meio da dispensação, do financiamento, do apoio à redução ou isenção tributária em produtos de TA e o fomento à produção de TA no Brasil, representam o cumprimento das disposições presentes na Constituição Federal, nos tratados internacionais e na legislação infraconstitucional, o que coloca o nosso país em posição de destaque em relação aos direitos humanos. Porém, é necessário que as políticas e programas voltados ao acesso dos recursos de TA sejam revistos, melhorados e ampliados para que possa cumprir com seu propósito e atingir o maior número de pessoas possíveis.
Urban Occupation Increases Water Toxicity of an Important River in Central Brazil
Authors: Bailão Elisa Flávia Luiz Cardoso , Zago Leciana de Menezes Sousa , Silva Nathan Carvalho , Machado Karine Borges , D'Abadia Patrícia Lima , Oliveira Pedro Henrique Francisco de , Nabout João Carlos , Almeida Luciane Madureira de
Published: March 2020

Meia Ponte River supplies water for two million people in Goiás State, Brazil. Despite its importance, the Meia Ponte River faces serious environmental problems such as the disposal of domestic and industrial effluents, what could impact the aquatic biota and the health of people who consumes its water. In this sense, here we aimed to evaluate the environmental quality and toxicity of surface water along the course of this river. Physicochemical analyses of water at Goiânia urban perimeter were higher than the limits of Brazil environmental regulations for fresh water. In relation to the diversity of species, phytoplankton classes associated to polluted environments were detected closer to urban perimeter. Allium cepa bioassay suggested that this river may contain substances with mitogenic activity. This result is in accordance with genotoxic analysis, because it was observed a significant increase in chromosomal aberrations. This data reveal the genotoxic potential of Meia Ponte River water. This genotoxicity represents a risk for aquatic biota and humans, once the genotoxic agents in water samples might cause the loss of DNA integrity, inducing damages and DNA breaks. In this context, the water utilization from Meia Ponte River without any treatment should be avoided and public policies need to be formulated and implemented to depollute this important river for Goiás State.
Uso de drogas en migrantes mexicanos captados en ciudades de la frontera noroccidental México–Estados Unidos
Authors: Sánchez–Huesca Ricardo , Arellanez–Hernández Jorge Luis
Published: March 2020

La presente investigación se diseñó con el objetivo de identificar si la experiencia migratoria de mexicanos a Estados Unidos puede ser un facilitador para el consumo de drogas. Mediante un muestreo no probabilístico se encuestó a 567 migrantes en retorno mayores de 18 años, en Tijuana, Nogales y Ciudad Juárez, siendo la mayoría de ellos varones con una edad promedio de 29 años. El principal motivo para migrar está asociado con la mejora económica, y la forma de cruce es predominantemente sin documentos. Los principales lugares de destino fueron California, Arizona y Texas. Durante la estancia migratoria se observó un incremento significativo en el uso de cocaína y metanfetaminas. Los principales motivos para usar alguna droga ilícita se relacionan con la curiosidad, la invitación de amigos, la depresión y para aminorar el cansancio producido por el trabajo, estos dos últimos aspectos relacionados con la estancia migratoria. Los resultados sugieren que en quienes ya han usado sustancias, la experiencia migratoria puede llevarlos a consumir otras drogas: para quienes iniciaron en Estados Unidos parece ser una opción para aminorar el malestar emocional que genera el choque cultural.
Gestión estratégica ambiental del aire en la frontera Mexicali–Imperial
Authors: Ramos García José María
Published: March 2020

El objetivo principal de este artículo es analizar el papel de la gestión local ambiental del aire, particularmente en el municipio de Mexicali, B.C., y su relación con el Valle Imperial, California en Estados Unidos. El documento plantea la premisa de que la contaminación ambiental del aire se ha agudizado (2010) y se mantendrá como un problema ambiental y social en la región de estudio porque no se ha conceptualizado desde la perspectiva de la gestión estratégica ambiental, especialmente de parte de las autoridades locales mexicanas.