bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐145: Student Poster: AR HUD System Realized By Holographic Display Technology
Authors: Chou Tzu-An , Pan Tzu-Han , Chuang Chih-Hao , Huang Bohr-Ran , Chen Chien-Yu
Published: June 2022

The application of CGH display technology to AR multi‐depth head‐up displays is a very popular research topic nowadays. However, the system implementation requires multiple projection devices or spatial light modulators with Freeform Mirror or complex optical mechanisms to present multi‐depth projection of automotive head‐up display, which does not meet the development needs in terms of system size and cost. Thus, it is worthwhile to investigate how to realize a multi‐depth projection head‐up display system with a single spatial light modulator. In this study, we attempt to realize a miniaturized multi‐depth CGH head‐up display system with Space‐Division Method (SDM) and a single spatial light modulator.
P‐41: A Combined PAM / PWM Driving Scheme for High Uniformity of Micro‐LED Displays
Authors: Ritter Julian , Xu Chihao
Published: June 2022

This paper handles further development of a proposed combined PAM and PWM driving scheme for Micro‐LED displays. A prototype display which consists of 64x3x64 pixels is driven by a combined PAM and PWM scheme. The occurring non‐ uniformity of Micro‐LED displays is improved by two extensions in the driving scheme. First, an analog bit for high luminance compensation and second, a compensation method that uses the high gray scale of digital driving schemes.
P‐42: Student Poster: A New Integrated Scan/Emission Driver Circuit with Progressive Emission Driving Method for Micro‐LED Display
Authors: Ahn Sung-Hyuck , Jung Eun Kyo , Hong Yong-Hoo , Im Hwarim , Kim Yong-Sang
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we proposed an a‐IGZO TFT‐based integrated scan/emission driver circuit. The proposed circuit can be applied to micro‐LED pixel circuit using the progressive emission method. Each circuit is designed to prevent leakage current in the depletion mode by using series two transistors (STT) structures, two low supply voltages.
P‐43: Finely Programmable Pulse Width Shift Register for Luminance Control of AMOLED Displays
Authors: Chang Min-Kyu , Pyun Yun Jang , Nam Hyoungsik
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we propose a programmable shift register circuit at a low temperature poly‐silicon (LTPS) backplane suitable for high‐resolution and high‐speed displays. The proposed circuit can control the pulse width at a line‐time unit by a start signal, where two additional clock signals were in use compared to the conventional circuit. Smartspice simulation was conducted to verify the feasibility, proving the pulse width controllability at a line‐time unit. The estimated power consumption is lower than the conventional circuit.
P‐44: MPRT Enhancement Gate Driver Circuit Employing IGZO TFTs for Image‐Quality Improvement
Authors: Feng Xuehuan , Li Yongqian , Yin Pengfei , Bao Wenchao , Li Tianji , Xu Pan , Han Ying , Zhang Xing , Zhang Jianye , Cheng Xuelian , Wu Zhongyuan , Yu Jianwei , Dong Xue
Published: June 2022

We present a novel gate driver circuit using IGZO TFTs which can decrease the MPRT (Motion Picture Response Time) value from 6.8ms to 3.4ms at the frequency of 120Hz. And this means the OLED panels’ image quality can be greatly improved through motion blur reduction. The MPRT enhancement GOA (Gate driver on array) can output three kinds of waveforms for normal display, black data insertion and external compensation within one frame. We save 14 TFTs and 2 capacitors through sharing sense input and hold unit, black data inserting input unit and leakage prevention unit between two adjacent rows which greatly simplify our multifunction GOA structure. This circuit is verified at high temperature (50℃) companied with high humidity (80% RH) during 500 hours with no problem through 15.6 inch experiment panels which resolution is 768 columns by 2160 rows. Besides, the proposed structure can make our future 30inch 4K2K panel to achieve a narrow bezel smaller than 7mm.
P‐45: High Efficiency DC‐DC converter for IT OLED Displays
Authors: Lee Yoon-Young , Park Sung-Chun , Baek Eun-Ryeol
Published: June 2022

A switching type DC‐DC converter used as a power supply circuit for the IT OLED display requires high power conversion efficiency. However, since both positive power (ELVDD) and negative power (ELVSS) are used for OLED power supply, in terms of power conversion, Efficiency degradation occurs. In particular, in the case of the Inverting Buck Boost converter that generates negative power, it is necessary to improve the power consumption because it is not efficient on topology. In this paper, the newly proposed mode ELVSS conversion circuit is implemented to compare to the general Inverting Buck Boost Converter. It is possible to improve power conversion efficiency. Studies have shown that the overall efficiency of the two converters has been able to improve efficiency by 5.3% in the light load. Consequently, newly developed DC‐DC converters can considerably extend the battery life time for various IT applications.
P‐46: New Type of Unbounded Screen Full Attachment TV Set
Authors: Dong Wenbo , Liu Jianming , Huang Yinhu , Lim Byung Cheon , Wang Zhangtao , Hui Guanbao , Wang Chaoyue , Kang Wei , Yu Xunwang
Published: June 2022

This article uses the film and LCD screen full bonding method to generate a new type of fully bonded LCD screen form, which can not only solve the difficulties of borderless screen design, process production, and assembly difficulties, but also improve the light efficiency of the TV set and reduce the cost. The research makes the TV set thinner and more aesthetic.
P‐48: Analysis of Degree of Imidization of Polyimide Organic Film Through Retardation Measurement
Authors: Choi Nakcho , Yu Sanghee , Yun Jonghyun
Published: June 2022

The degree of imidization of polyimide used in VIA and PDL materials is important characteristic because of relationship with life cycles in OLED. During the curing process, a polyimide film optically changes to a negative C‐plate like sheet structure. The more polyimide chains packed closely, the higher out‐of‐plane retardation (Rth) is. In other words, for analyzing retardation properties of polyimide except for imidization ratio, Rth could be a useful analyzing method. In this study, using polyimide formed from different curing temperature and various chemical compositions, relation between Rth and properties of polyimide film was investigated.
P‐52: Novel Forming Technology of 3D Cover Glass with Induction Heating System for Curved‐Corner Display
Authors: Kim Seungho , Seo Hyunseung , Nam Jinsu , Baek Jong-soo
Published: June 2022

This paper talks about new thermal forming method of 3‐dimensional box‐type cover glass with double curvature for mobile phone application. Induced heating of glass forming molds was successfully employed around edge area in order to minimize typical surface wrinkle and dent defects commonly appearing in conventional direct mold heating with heating plates. The results showed better surface qualities compared to conventional heating by optimizing mold temperature, loading pressure and 2‐dimensional initial preform shape.
P‐58: Measurement of AR Displays in Positioning Accuracy
Authors: Mou Xi , Mou Tongsheng
Published: June 2022

In virtual reality devices, positioning virtual information onto the real‐world scene accurately has always been a challenge. Such performance feature has been widely requiring high precision in vehicle HUD navigation, AR surgery, industrial production assembly and maintenance, and so on. For applications such as surgical use and assembly in the industry, positioning accuracy is essential to evaluate and measure. The accuracy of virtual image positioning depends on the imaging lens, the combiner optics, eye position, etc., and showing the individual parameters of each component is often not adequate to demonstrate the actual performance of the product. As such, the measurement that simulates the human eye under actual product use conditions is crucial for achieving accurate measurement. In this paper, we use a high‐angular resolution 2D imaging luminance meter that mimics the optics of the human eye, together with a two‐axis goniometer, to achieve precise measurement of positioning accuracy. This paper further analyzes the positioning accuracy based on the measurements around both the eye pupil center and eyeball rotation center. In addition, the effects of the applications of the positioning uncertainty were studied.
P‐60: New Flexible and Lightweight RGB LED Video Foil for Digital Signage
Authors: Kall Florian , Blankenbach Karlheinz
Published: June 2022

Flexible RGB light‐emitting diodes plastic foils for in‐ and outdoor use have been developed by LightnTec for applications, such as digital signage, replacement of printed banners, and digitization of facades and signs. The key parameters are pixel pitches of 16‐50 mm, a luminance of up to 5,000 cd/m2, and a weight of 0.3‐2.7 kg per square meter. These lightweight foils are ultrathin, bendable, tileable, and cut to size.
P‐64: The Micro‐LC Lens for 2D/3D Switchable Displays
Authors: Zhao Weili , Li Zhongxiao , Xu Zhiqiang , Li Lin , Liu Liwei , Zhao Chentan , Liang Pengxia , Chen Xiaochuan
Published: June 2022

We studied and prepared the focus tunable LC lens for 2D/3D switchable displays according to equivalent‐optical retaration principle. In order to obtain the smooth parabolic curve, we optimized the LC cell gap, driving voltage, and electrode slit numbers using Techwiz software. Finally, we got an LC lens demo with 156um pitch and 725 um focal length, which have a good optical profile and ~1.2% crosstalk when used to 3D display(~1.5% reference as to fixed lens). Also, the MTF results showed the LC lens had an equal image quality level compared to the fixed resin lens.
P‐66: Application of Ergonomics in VR HMD Exit Pupil Positioning Design
Authors: Yuhong Liu , Zheng Ge , Hao Zhang , Lili Chen , Feng Zi
Published: June 2022

To achieve the actual exit pupil distance and ensure display effect of the VR HMD, the positioning structure of exit pupil is studied from three aspects:design data extraction, experimental verification and data compensation. The surface model of sponge which is used to ensure the best fit between the sponge and face is extracted according to the data of ergonomic dimensions. The sponge designed with this model should be made to measure the actual exit pupil distance of the VR HMD by the method studied in this paper. The data of sponge compression from the test should be added to the size before. According to this method, the actual exit pupil distance can be closest to the design to achieve the best display effect.
P‐69: Omnidirectional and Self Adaptive High Dimensional 3D Display
Authors: SHANG Shiming , PENG Xiaoqing , WANG Kaixuan , ZHAN Hongming , CHEN Xi
Published: June 2022

In this work, a design and adjustment of TN Slit was developed for naked eye 3D display. And with module of eye tracking algorithm(X/Y/Z axis), large viewing angle and distance were achieved. The adjustment principle of TN Slit was explained in this paper. Depending on this program, we obtained a good naked eye 3D display performance with low cross‐talk which could adapt eyes position(X/Y/Z axis) and 2D display was unaffected.
P‐71: Methods for Adopting High Resolutions Mobile Displays in Alternative Applications, Products and Markets
Authors: Jennings Grant
Published: June 2022

Mobile displays are overcoming bandwidth hurdles of low cost chip‐on‐glass DDIC manufacturing. Using VESA DSC and MIPI C‐PHY achieves over 6x of additional throughput compared to traditional MIPI D‐PHY interfaces and is driving the next generation of mobile devices, VR/AR headsets and immersive automotive consoles providing higher resolution and frame rate at lower cost and power. Using FPGA/ASSP bridging devices with VESA DSC and MIPI C‐PHY support overcomes the adoption challenges of D‐PHY and eDP based SoCs along with cabling interfaces such HDMI, DP and A‐PHY will be discussed.
P‐72: Student Poster: Highly Uniform Speckle Pattern Created via an Elastomeric Stencil Mask for High‐Precision Digital‐Image‐Correlation Analysis of Substrate‐Stretching Deformation
Authors: Yoon Jinsu , Park Jong Ho , Kim Geonhee , Hong Yongtaek
Published: June 2022

Digital image correlation(DIC) analysis is rooted in a well‐formed speckle pattern, and the spray technique is widely utilized due to its decent unpredictability. However, there are clear limitations in using the spray technique for high‐precision DIC analysis. Herein we provide a novel approach for creating a speckle pattern using an elastomeric stencil mask with uniformly sized perforations. As a result, not only can the ideal speckle pattern be obtained, but also individual speckle sizes can also be easily changed. Most importantly, the mask can be conformably mounted to a variety of 3‐D curved surfaces, allowing for precise DIC analysis based on the appropriate pattern.
P‐73: Student Poster: MicroLED Pixel Circuit Based on Metal Oxide Thin‐Film Transistor with Progressive Emission Method Using Pulse Width Modulation
Authors: Jung Eun Kyo , Hong Yong-Hoo , Ahn Sung-Hyuck , Im Hwarim , Kim Yong-Sang
Published: June 2022

The novel pixel circuit was proposed for the microLED display.We applied the progressive emission and PWM to use tens of μA current and hundreds of us emission time in considering of EQE characteristic. The proposed circuit was verified to operate stably in depletion mode of a‐IGZO TFT.
P‐74: Student Poster: High Efficiency μLED Light Engine for AR/VR Displays
Authors: Hsiang En-Lin , He Ziqian , Yang Zhiyong , Lan Yi-Fen , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: June 2022

By tailoring the radiation pattern through cavity effect, together with a compact compound parabolic concentrator, the light efficiency of μLED is increased by 1.9×. Such a high brightness μLED light engine helps to enhance the ambient contrast ratio for AR displays or to reduce the power consumption for VR headsets.
P‐75: Student Poster: MicroLED Pixel Circuit Capable of Always on Display Mode Operation for Mobile and Wearable Displays
Authors: Hong Yong-Hoo , Jung Eun Kyo , Ahn Sung-Hyuck , Im Hwarim , Kim Yong-Sang
Published: June 2022

We propose a novel microLED pixel circuit for mobile and wearable displays. For Normal and AOD mode operation, we applied PWM & PAM hybrid driving and PAM driving, respectively. Under the 4‐duty emission condition, we confirmed that the Vth compensation of the PWM unit, and the grayscale expression for each mode.
P‐77: Advanced Encapsulation Film for Micro‐LED Display
Authors: Teng Shih-Chieh , Huang Ju-Hui , Wu Lung-Hai , Liu Pei-Yi
Published: June 2022

Most of the encapsulation films seen in the market use non‐pre‐metered coating technology, like dip coating or spray coating, which is difficult to control the film thickness, has poor film uniformity, low material utilization, and can only be coated on the front side, but cannot be used for three‐dimensional encapsulation.

We proposed a silicone B‐stage material with coating and lamination processes, which can greatly reduce the cost of the process, improve the uniformity of film formation, and achieve the conformal coating of micro‐LED.
P‐81: Enhanced Color‐Conversion Efficiency of Quantum‐Dot Layer Using Low‐Refractive‐Index Layer
Authors: Kim Da Bin , Jang Kyungkook , Lee SeungRyong , Kim Younghoon , Lee Dae Heung , Kwak Taehyoung , Kim JeomJae , Yoon SooYoung
Published: June 2022

In displays that use QD as color conversion materials, the QD layer must re‐absorb the blue light that passes through it to achieve high‐luminance red and green pixels. In this study, a low refractive index layer was introduced between the color filter and the QDs layer to reuse the light that passes through the QDs layer. This result shows that there is an 8% increase in luminescence compared to that in Ref.
P‐96: Optimization Analysis for R1.5mm Teardrop Shape Foldable AMOLED Module by Finite‐Element Analysis
Authors: Zeng Jia , Qing Wei , Liu Shao kui , Wang Zhi hui , Zhang Lei , Min Hang , Shang Fei
Published: June 2022

The FEA(Finite Element Analysis) is used to study the optimization of the teardrop shape and stack‐up DOE. We use the viscoelastic model to optimize the teardrop shape parameter: the angle a and the arc‐radius r,. We studied Stack‐up optimization by changing the OCA modulus to reduce the risk of cohesion failure. An 8.0inch teardrop shape foldable AMOLED display prototype was fabricated with a bending radius R=1.5mm.
P‐102: Design Approach of NFC Antenna Integration into LCD Panel
Authors: Chen Xiuyun , Feng Yeyu , Du Jingjun , Liu Yujie , Long Feng , Wang Guangquan , Cai Site , Shao Xibin , Sun Lingyu , Guo Shuwei
Published: June 2022

A NFC antenna prototype integrated in a 5.65‐inch LCD panel has been developed, to guarantee NFC antenna is compatible with metal cover and improve user interaction experience. Compared with the traditional FPC‐based or PCB‐based NFC antenna, the main advantage of glass‐based NFC antenna is that it can obtain sufficient magnetic flux through a larger coil area, because there is no interference problem of the mechanical structure, benefit from the ferrite which has been added in the backlight. The design approach of NFC antenna integrated in LCD panel was expounded, the key parameters (such as coil area, shape of backlight backcover) of the module was determined by evaluating the magnetic field distribution through simulation platform. Finally, the experiment achieved a detection range of 40mm, which verify the effectiveness of the simulation model and proposed design approach.
P‐105: Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Filters with Single Layer template
Authors: Gao Yao , Lu Jiangang
Published: June 2022

The template effects on bandwidth tunable and reflectivity improvement of cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) filters were investigated. A single layer bandwidth tunable CLC filter was fabricated by multiple templating process. In addition, high reflectivity CLC filters with single layer templating process was proposed which may reflect both right‐ and left‐ circularly polarized light. High‐reflectivity of 65%, 69%, and 72% in the red, green, and blue color regions was achieved. The templated CLC filters show great potential applications in optical community, display, smart windows, and lasing.
P‐106: Student Poster: Highly Thermal Stable Polymer Stabilized Cholesteric Liquid Crystals Smart Window
Authors: Zhu Wenbing , Liu Yang , Seo Dae-Shik
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we reported a highly thermal stable YP‐11 polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystal (YP‐11 PSCT) for smart windows that can be electrically switched from transparent to opaque. The polymerization between photo‐sensitive monomers (RM 257) has been characterized using a polarized optical microscope (POM), which has been found to become much firmer and denser by raising the doping concentration. The 3D polymer matrices remarkably affect the electro‐optical performances of YP‐11 PSCT, and the cholesteric liquid crystals (Ch LCs) within polymer matrices were found merely able to be reversibly switched until the doping concentration of RM 257 was raised up to 3%. Specifically, the threshold voltage, raising time and decaying time of a 3% YP‐11 PSCT cell were determined as 22.908 V, 85.442 ms and 18.617 ms, respectively. The critical thermal‐stable temperature of the 3% YP‐11 PSCT was further evaluated using a hot stage and was confirmed as high as up to 100 °C. These findings in this paper will significantly contribute to the development of smart windows.
P‐111: Research on the Structure and Optical Performance of Reflective Liquid Crystal Display
Authors: Ma Kun , Ma Rong , He Rui , Cheng Wei , Wang Chao , Liu Guanghui
Published: June 2022

In this article, we designed two different Reflective liquid‐crystal displays (RLCD) structures using PDLC with high haze and high transparency, and discussed the influence of dye of liquid crystal and reflective particles in different structures on the display effect. Dye liquid crystals have a bright future in reflective display, but the influence of dye concentration on color gamut still needs further verification. When the TiO2 reflective particles are added to the color film (CF) to increase the reflectivity, because the reflection occurs on the surface of the film, adding higher concentration of TiO2 in a thin film shows the best display effect.
P‐118: A New Architecture and Algorithm For Display Defect Compensation Based on CNN
Authors: Tang Hao , Xu Gang
Published: June 2022

AI trained neural network model is used to generate compensated image to correct the display panel nonuniformity, with camera captured input images of display panel as the inputs for model training. Usage cases are illustrated with simulated 2D BLU for LCD and MiniLED tiled displays.
P‐122: Bayesian Optimization with Gradients for OLED Efficiency Enhancement
Authors: James Richard , Kim Bowoon , Cho Hyunguk , Kim Yongjo
Published: June 2022

In order to enhance Organic Light‐Emitting Diode (OLED) efficiency, typically a multitude of devices are fabricated to test the many possible permutations of materials and layer thicknesses. Simulation can be used to predict device performance in advance, reducing the trial and error in specifying test cells. For example, a dipole emission model can be used to predict outcoupling efficiency and color characteristics with ease, but predicting device efficiency is more challenging because it depends on both optical cavity effects as well as charge transport. Accurate models for charge/exciton transport with carefully calibrated material parameters are required. In this work, assuming well characterized material parameters, we turn to the task of optimizing the design of an OLED device in order to maximize efficiency. A Bayesian Optimization algorithm that incorporates gradient information is applied to globally maximize OLED efficiency with minimal computational cost. In contrast, conventional optimization approaches, such as the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), require a large number of objective function evaluations (with each evaluation demanding one device simulation).
P‐127: Student Poster: Highly Efficient Green Hyper‐fluorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes using tetradentate Pt(II) Complex as Phosphorescent Sensitizer
Authors: Kim Seung Chan , Ryu Chan Hee , Lee Kang Mun , Lee Jun Yeob
Published: June 2022

We developed green hyper‐fluorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) using tetradentate Pt(II) complex phosphorescent sensitizer to improve external quantum efficiency (EQE) and reduce efficiency roll‐off through suppressed Deter energy transfer to green fluorescent emitter of N9,N9,N10,N10‐tetrakis(4‐(2‐phenylpropan‐2‐yl)phenyl)anthracene‐9,10‐diamine (PhtBuPAD). The tetradentate Pt(II) complex including bulky blocking unit prevented Dexter energy transferred into green fluorescent emitter. In the device evaluation, the hyper‐fluorescent OLED is maintained the high EQE of 21.1% in spite of a high doping concentration of green fluorescent emitter of 3 wt%. As a result, the maximum EQE at optimized doping concentration 2 wt% shows 23.4% and 22.2% at 3000 cd/m2. It induced only 5.0% efficiency roll‐off, which is 6.4‐fold improvement compared to our previous work.
P‐130: Organic Thin Films for OLED Applications: Simulating the Influence of Deposition Conditions and Substrate
Authors: Winget Paul , Kwak H. Shaun , Brown Christopher T. , Goldberg Alexander , Browning Andrea R. , Halls Mathew D.
Published: June 2022

Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are fabricated using a stepwise process, where layers are deposited on top of previous layers. Each of these deposition steps introduces changes to the film structure, both in the crystal structure and in the growth direction. These changes in film structure have dramatic influences on the overall performance of practical devices.
P‐131: Highly Efficient, Pure Hyperfluorescence Device with Organo‐Boron‐Based Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials
Authors: Lee Hyuna , Naveen Kenkera Rayappa , Kwon Jang Hyuk
Published: June 2022

We report boron based deep blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials and its hyperfluorescence (HF) devices. Our synthesized new two TADF materials exhibited high external quantum efficiency (EQE)s>32%. Especially, its HF device shows the high EQE of 39.9% and 19 nm of narrow full width at half medium. We analyzed that such high device efficiency is mainly attributed to the high orientation factor, enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield, and TADF characteristic of final dopant with high Förster resonance energy transfer.
P‐132: Simultaneous Enhancement of Efficiency and Lifetime in Blue Triplet‐Triplet Annihilation Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Using Double‐Emitting Layer Structure
Authors: Chu Chun-Chieh , Chen Chia-Hsun , Lin Bo-Yen , Liu Han-Kang , Tsai Yung-Cheng , Yuan Chih-Hsien , Chiu Tien-Lung , Lee Jiun-Haw
Published: June 2022

Efficiency and operation lifetime of blue triplet‐triplet annihilation organic light emitting diodes (TTA‐OLEDs) were enhanced by 16% and 297%, respectively, by employing double emitting layer structure. Blue OLED with maximum external quantum efficiency of 9.4% and half‐lifetime of 96,620 hours at initial luminance of 1,000 cd/m2 was achieved.
Using a mixed‐effect model with a parameter‐space of heterogenous dimension to evaluate whether accountable care organizations are associated with greater uniformity across constituent practices
Authors: Chen Guanqing , Lewis Valerie A. , Gottlieb Daniel J. , O'Malley A. James
Published: June 2022

Accountable care organization (ACO) legislation was designed to improve patient outcomes by inducing greater coordination of care and adoption of best practices. Therefore, it is of interest to assess whether greater uniformity occurs among practices comprising an ACO post ACO formation. We develop a mixed‐effect model with a difference‐in‐difference design to evaluate the effect of a patient receiving care from an ACO on patient outcomes and adapt this model to examine whether an ACO is associated with increased uniformity across its constituent practices. The task is complicated by the organizations within an ACO forming an additional layer in the multilevel model, due to medical practices and hospitals that form an ACOs being nested within the ACO, making the number of levels of the model variable and the dimension of the parameter space time‐varying. We develop the model and a procedure for testing the hypothesis that ACO formation was associated with increased uniformity among its constituent practices. We apply our procedure to a cohort of medicare beneficiaries followed over 2009‐2014. Although there is extensive heterogeneity of becoming an ACOs across practices, we find that the formation of an ACO appears to be associated with greater uniformity of patient outcomes among its constituent practices.
Ultrafine Ruthenium Clusters Shell‐Embedded Hollow Carbon Spheres as Nanoreactors for Channel Microenvironment‐Modulated Furfural Tandem Hydrogenation
Authors: Yu Zhihao , Ji Na , Xiong Jian , Han You , Li Xiaoyun , Zhang Rui , Qiao Yina , Zhang Ming , Lu Xuebin
Published: June 2022

Rationally modulating the catalytic microenvironment is important for targeted induction of specific molecular behaviors to fulfill complicated catalytic purposes. Herein, a metal pre‐chelating assisted assembly strategy is developed to facilely synthesize the hollow carbon spheres with ultrafine ruthenium clusters embedded in pore channels of the carbon shell (Ru@Shell‐HCSs), which can be employed as nanoreactors with preferred electronic and geometric catalytic microenvironments for the efficient tandem hydrogenation of biomass‐derived furfural toward 2‐methylfuran. The channel‐embedding structure is proved to confer the ultrafine ruthenium clusters with an electron‐deficient property via a reinforced interfacial charge transfer mechanism, which prompts the hydrogenolysis of intermediate furfuryl alcohol during the tandem reaction, thus resulting in an enhanced 2‐methylfuran generation. Meanwhile, lengthening the shell pore channel can offer reactant molecules with a prolonged diffusion path, and correspondingly a longer retention time in the channel, thereafter delivering an accelerated tandem hydrogenation progression. This paper aims to present a classic case that emphasizes the critical role of precisely controlling the catalytic microenvironment of the metal‐loaded hollow nanoreactors in coping with the arduous challenges from multifunctional catalyst‐driven complex tandem reactions.
Self‐admitted technical debt detection by learning its comprehensive semantics via graph neural networks
Authors: Li Hui , Qu Yang , Liu Yong , Chen Rong , Ai Jun , Guo Shikai
Published: June 2022

The goal of software development is to deliver software products with high quality and free from defects, but resource and time constraints often cause the developers to submit incomplete or temporary patches of codes and further bear the additional burden. Therefore, the investigations on identifying self‐admitted technical debt (SATD) to improve code quality have been conducted in recent years. However, missing syntactic structure information and the imbalance distribution bias shorten the SATD identification performance. Addressing to this issue, we present a graph neural network based SATD identification model (GNNSI) to improve the performance. Specifically, we obtain the structure information of the missing SATD in a compositional way to obtain different feature maps for different comments, and use focal loss to handle the imbalance between SATD and non‐SATD classes in the comments. Then extensive experiments on 10 open source projects are conducted, and the results show that GNNSI outperforms the baselines and can help developers to better predict SATDs.
Modeling the correlation between the workload and the power consumed by a server using stochastic and non‐parametric approaches
Authors: El Motaki Saloua , Yahyaouy Ali , Gualous Hamid
Published: June 2022

In this article, we address a critical concern of the growth of computer servers number and the resulting power expenditures in data centers by analyzing the statistical metrics related to the workload executed in each physical node. The aim is to build a stochastic model for power consumption estimation based on historical data. Relying on in‐depth investigation and experimental testing of the power consumption features and performance of the various workload datasets, we propose a model that considers the workload and the power consumed to be executed by a server as random variables. Based on the properties of the probabilistic distribution function of each random variable, we establish the correlation relationship between the workload and the power consumption using a non‐parametric approach. Our use of a non‐parametric method to learn a given probability model is challenging because it requires estimating the full distribution from the available data samples. The accuracy of our approach is demonstrated by estimating the energy consumption of various workloads. The experimental and simulation results show that our model outperforms many existing approaches in terms of accuracy, and it can be applied to a wide variety of workloads.
Starches Properties from Soft, Medium‐Hard, and Hard Brazilian Wheat upon Annealing
Authors: Biduski Bárbara , Werlang Stefani , Colussi Rosana , Pinto Vania Zanella , Zavareze Elessandra da Rosa , Gutkoski Luiz Carlos , Bertolin Telma Elita
Published: June 2022

Wheat kernel hardness is influenced by starch and protein association into the wheat grain. Therefore, starch properties may differ and result in different properties after physical modification. Starches isolated from hard, medium‐hard, and soft Brazilian wheat are modified by annealing and evaluated by physicochemical, pasting and thermal properties, and crystallinity. Soft and hard wheat starches have the highest amylose content and are not influenced by annealing treatment. Relative crystallinity is higher in medium‐hard wheat starch due to the lowest amylose content. However, it is not influenced by annealing treatment. In contrast, soft and hard wheat starches increase the relative crystallinity after annealing. Moreover, annealing reduces the pasting properties profile of all starches by decreasing viscosity (peak and final), breakdown, and setback; consequently, gel texture is also reduced. A decrease in swelling power is also noticed after annealing treatment. Wheat kernel hardness has influenced into properties of both native and annealed starches.
Long‐read‐based draft genome sequence of Indian black gram IPU‐94‐1 ‘Uttara’: Insights into disease resistance and seed storage protein genes
Authors: Ambreen Heena , Oraon Praveen Kumar , Wahlang Daniel Regie , Satyawada Rama Rao , Katiyar‐Agarwal Surekha , Agarwal Manu , Jagannath Arun , Kumar Amar , Budhwar Roli , Shukla Rohit Nandan , Goel Shailendra
Published: June 2022

Black gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper var. mungo] is a warm‐season legume highly prized for its protein content along with significant folate and iron proportions. To expedite the genetic enhancement of black gram, a high‐quality draft genome from the center of origin of the crop is indispensable. Here, we established a draft genome sequence of an Indian black gram cultivar, ‘Uttara’ (IPU 94‐1), known for its high resistance to mungbean yellow mosaic virus. Pacific Biosciences of California, Inc. (PacBio) single‐molecule real‐time (SMRT) and Illumina sequencing assembled a draft reference‐guided assembly with a cumulative size of ∼454.4 Mb, of which, 444.4 Mb was anchored on 11 pseudomolecules corresponding to 11 chromosomes. Uttara assembly denotes features of a high‐quality draft genome illustrated through high N50 value (42.88 Mb), gene completeness (benchmarking universal single‐copy ortholog [BUSCO] score 94.17%) and low levels of ambiguous nucleotides (N) percent (0.0005%). Gene discovery using transcript evidence predicted 28,881 protein‐coding genes, from which, ∼95% were functionally annotated. A global survey of genes associated with disease resistance revealed 119 nucleotide binding site–leucine rich repeat (NBS‐LRR) proteins, while 23 genes encoding seed storage proteins (SSPs) were discovered in black gram. A large set of microsatellite loci were discovered for marker development in the crop. Our draft genome of an Indian black gram provides the foundational genomic resources for the improvement of important agronomic traits and ultimately will help in accelerating black gram breeding programs.
Implications of fetal premature atrial contractions: systematic review
Authors: Bet B. B. , De Vries J. M. , Limpens J. , Van Wely M. , Van Leeuwen E. , Clur S. A. , Pajkrt E.
Published: June 2022

Objective

Fetal heart‐rate irregularities occur in 1–2% of pregnancies and are usually caused by premature atrial contractions (PAC). Although PAC are considered benign, they may be associated with cardiac defects and tachyarrhythmia. We aimed to determine the incidence of congenital heart defects (CHDs) and complications in fetuses with PAC.

Methods

This was a systematic review and meta‐analysis conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement for reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched from 1990 to June 2021 to identify studies on fetuses with PAC. The primary outcome was CHD; secondary outcomes were complications using the endpoints supraventricular tachyarrhythmia (SVT), cardiac failure and intrauterine fetal demise. Meta‐analysis of proportions was performed, subdivided into high‐risk and low‐risk populations based on reason for referral. Pooled incidences with 95% CIs were calculated.

Results

Of 2443 unique articles identified, 19 cohort studies including 2260 fetuses were included. The pooled incidence of CHD in fetuses with PAC was 2.8% (95% CI, 1.5–4.1%), when 0.6% is the incidence expected in the general population. The pooled incidence of CHD was 7.2% (95% CI, 3.5–10.9%) in the high‐risk population and 0.9% (95% CI, 0.0–2.0%) in the low‐risk population. SVT occurred in 1.4% (95% CI, 0.6–3.4%) of fetuses diagnosed with PAC. Cardiac failure was described in 16 fetuses (1.4% (95% CI, 0.5–3.5%)), of which eight were CHD‐related. Intrauterine fetal demise occurred in four fetuses (0.9% (95% CI, 0.5–1.7%)) and was related to CHD in two cases.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the risk of CHD in fetuses with PAC is 4–5 times higher than that in the general population. CHD was present more frequently in the high‐risk population. Consequently, an advanced ultrasound examination to diagnose PAC correctly and exclude CHD is recommended. Complications of PAC are rare but can result in fetal demise, thus weekly fetal heart‐rate monitoring remains advisable to enable early detection of SVT and to prevent cardiac failure. © 2022 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Monitoring of aquatic birds and surveillance of avian influenza and Newcastle disease of waterfowls at the National Park of Urmia Lake
Authors: Dehgany‐Asl Saied , Allymehr Manoochehr , Talebi Alireza , Yosefi Omid , Allahyari Esmaeel
Published: June 2022

Background

Urmia lake, as a national park, is one of the most valuable aquatic ecosystems in the Middle East and quatitative and qualitative changes in Urmia lake water have a great impact on its ecological performance and in the region.

Objectives

This project was designed to study the effects of the extent of Urmia lake water surface area on the area size and on the number of aquatic birds of the six selected habitats in 2011–2019. The presence of avian influenza (AI) and Newcastle disease (ND) viruses in migratory aquatic birds together with their impacts on poultry farms as well as on rural birds was also under surveillance in 2018–2019.

Methods

Changes of Urmia lake and its impacts on area size of the six selected birds habitats were monitored by GIS. The small monitoring program with circular plot point counts was used for counting of the number of birds of the six selected habitats. At least, 100 samples (oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs) were collected. each sample was placed in a sterile plastic tube containg transport media and assigned with an number and store untill used. Reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and real‐time RT‐PCR test were used for detection of AI and ND viruses in the samples.

Results

The results revealed that changes in the water surface area of Urmia lake had a gsignificat impacts on area size and the number of aquatic birds of the six selected habitats. The surveillance results showed that 5% of the samples were AIV positvie while 25% of the samples were pasitive for NDV including 20% for non‐virulent NDV (lNDV) and 5% for virulent NDV (vNDV) strains.

Conclusion

This study showed that fluctuation of Urmia lake's water surface area influenced (p < 0.05) the area size of the six selected aquatic birds' habitats and had a great impacts on the number of the migratory birds. Detection of AIV and vNDV emphesises that the seasonal migratory waterfowls spread AI and vND viruses to the ponds and estuaries as well as to the rural birds and industrialised poultry units around the Urmia lake. Potential public health treats were also discussed.
Fungal rhinosinusitis caused byScedosporium apiospermumin a dog in the United Kingdom
Authors: Natsiopoulos Thomas , Rasotto Roberta , Housley Daniel , Valls Sanchez Ferran
Published: June 2022

A 10‐year‐old, male, neutered Irish Terrier dog, weighing 16.2 kg, was presented for further investigation of unilateral nasal discharge of 6‐month duration. The patient was on long‐term treatment with prednisolone. Computed tomography of the head showed severe chronic erosive rhinitis and severe periodontal disease. On anterograde rhinoscopy, multiple plaque‐like lesions were identified throughout the nasal cavity with evidence of severe turbinate destruction. Cytology, histopathology and fungal culture of these lesions confirmed fungal rhinitis attributable toScedosporium apiospermuminfection. A possible causal relationship between periodontal disease and fungal rhinitis remains unknown. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of fungal rhinitis caused by this particular agent in the United Kingdom.
Gastrointestinal obstruction secondary to seminal vesicle cystic hyperplasia in an African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris)
Authors: Wooten McCaide T. , Snider Timothy A.
Published: June 2022

A 3‐year‐old, male, entire African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) was presented for a 10‐day history of hyporexia, mucoid green faeces and lethargy. Survey radiographs revealed a left caudal abdominal mass effect with cranial displacement and gas distension of the intestinal loops. During exploratory laparotomy, the cause of the mass effect was revealed to be grossly enlarged seminal vesicles, which were excised. Histopathology revealed uniform polycystic glandular architecture, consistent with benign cystic hyperplasia. The patient recovered and was clinically healthy at the last follow‐up examination. This is the first detailed report describing the antemortem diagnosis of benign seminal vesicular cystic hyperplasia resulting in presumptive clinical gastrointestinal disease in an African pygmy hedgehog.
Transcultural Flow in the Age of Globalization: Digital Platforms, Fandom and Mediated Culture in South Asia
Authors: Roy Ratan Kumar , Das Biswajit
Published: June 2022

The chapter provides an overview of the volume by situating the Korean culture wave in South Asia. It elaborates the conceptual underpinning of transcultural flow in the age of globalization. Authors pointed out the lack of empirical research to understand the fandom, subculture and transcultural communication in the disciplinary domain of media, culture and communication in South Asia. Moving beyond the typical cultural studies approach to study media, youth and cultural texts, this chapter invites interdisciplinary approaches to capture the contemporary media practices. The chapter also outlines the chapters and thematic purview of the book.
Improved proof-by-contraction method and relative homologous entropy inequalities
Authors: Li Nan , Dong Chuan-Shi , Du Dong-Hui , Shu Fu-Wen
Published: June 2022

Abstract

The celebrated holographic entanglement entropy triggered investigations on the connections between quantum information theory and quantum gravity. An important achievement is that we have gained more insights into the quantum states. It allows us to diagnose whether a given quantum state is a holographic state, a state whose bulk dual admits semiclassical geometrical description. The effective tool of this kind of diagnosis is holographic entropy cone (HEC), an entropy space bounded by holographic entropy inequalities allowed by the theory. To fix the HEC and to prove a given holographic entropy inequality, a proof-by-contraction technique has been developed. This method heavily depends on a contraction map f, which is very difficult to construct especially for more-region (n ≥ 4) cases. In this work, we develop a general and effective rule to rule out most of the cases such that f can be obtained in a relatively simple way. In addition, we extend the whole framework to relative homologous entropy, a generalization of holographic entanglement entropy that is suitable for characterizing the entanglement of mixed states.
Maternal gut microbiota Bifidobacterium promotes placental morphogenesis, nutrient transport and fetal growth in mice
Authors: Lopez-Tello Jorge , Schofield Zoe , Kiu Raymond , Dalby Matthew J. , van Sinderen Douwe , Le Gall Gwénaëlle , Sferruzzi-Perri Amanda N. , Hall Lindsay J.
Published: June 2022

The gut microbiota plays a central role in regulating host metabolism. While substantial progress has been made in discerning how the microbiota influences host functions post birth and beyond, little is known about how key members of the maternal gut microbiota can influence feto-placental growth. Notably, in pregnant women, Bifidobacterium represents a key beneficial microbiota genus, with levels observed to increase across pregnancy. Here, using germ-free and specific-pathogen-free mice, we demonstrate that the bacterium Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 modulates maternal body adaptations, placental structure and nutrient transporter capacity, with implications for fetal metabolism and growth. Maternal and placental metabolome were affected by maternal gut microbiota (i.e. acetate, formate and carnitine). Histological analysis of the placenta confirmed that Bifidobacterium modifies placental structure via changes in Igf2P0, Dlk1, Mapk1 and Mapk14 expression. Additionally, B. breve UCC2003, acting through Slc2a1 and Fatp1-4 transporters, was shown to restore fetal glycaemia and fetal growth in association with changes in the fetal hepatic transcriptome. Our work emphasizes the importance of the maternal gut microbiota on feto-placental development and sets a foundation for future research towards the use of probiotics during pregnancy.
Clinical variable-based cluster analysis identifies novel subgroups with a distinct genetic signature, lipidomic pattern and cardio-renal risks in Asian patients with recent-onset type 2 diabetes
Authors: Wang Jiexun , Liu Jian-Jun , Gurung Resham L. , Liu Sylvia , Lee Janus , M Yiamunaa , Ang Keven , Shao Yi Ming , Tang Justin I-Shing , Benke Peter I. , Torta Federico , Wenk Markus R. , Tavintharan Subramaniam , Tang Wern Ee , Sum Chee Fang , Lim Su Chi
Published: June 2022

Aims/hypothesis

We sought to subtype South East Asian patients with type 2 diabetes by de novo cluster analysis on clinical variables, and to determine whether the novel subgroups carry distinct genetic and lipidomic features as well as differential cardio-renal risks.

Methods

Analysis by k-means algorithm was performed in 687 participants with recent-onset diabetes in Singapore. Genetic risk for beta cell dysfunction was assessed by polygenic risk score. We used a discovery–validation approach for the lipidomics study. Risks for cardio-renal complications were studied by survival analysis.

Results

Cluster analysis identified three novel diabetic subgroups, i.e. mild obesity-related diabetes (MOD, 45%), mild age-related diabetes with insulin insufficiency (MARD-II, 36%) and severe insulin-resistant diabetes with relative insulin insufficiency (SIRD-RII, 19%). Compared with the MOD subgroup, MARD-II had a higher polygenic risk score for beta cell dysfunction. The SIRD-RII subgroup had higher levels of sphingolipids (ceramides and sphingomyelins) and glycerophospholipids (phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine), whereas the MARD-II subgroup had lower levels of sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids but higher levels of lysophosphatidylcholines. Over a median of 7.3 years follow-up, the SIRD-RII subgroup had the highest risks for incident heart failure and progressive kidney disease, while the MARD-II subgroup had moderately elevated risk for kidney disease progression.

Conclusions/interpretation

Cluster analysis on clinical variables identified novel subgroups with distinct genetic, lipidomic signatures and varying cardio-renal risks in South East Asian participants with type 2 diabetes. Our study suggests that this easily actionable approach may be adapted in other ethnic populations to stratify the heterogeneous type 2 diabetes population for precision medicine.

Graphical abstract