bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plasmid Library Construction From Genomic DNA
Authors: Florez‐Cardona Valeria , Khani Jessica , McNutt Emily , Manta Bruno , Berkmen Mehmet
Published: January 2025

Functional genomic approaches have been effective at uncovering the function of uncharacterized genes and identifying new functions for known genes. Often these approaches rely on an in vivo screen or selection to associate genes with a phenotype of interest. These selections and screens are dependent upon the expression of proteins encoded in genomic DNA from an expression vector, such as a plasmid. Despite the utility of genomic DNA plasmid libraries, the protocols for their construction have remained unchanged in the past 40 years. Here, we present a procedure for constructing plasmid libraries from genomic DNA. This procedure is scalable and relies on simple techniques and common laboratory equipment and reagents. Briefly, the genomic DNA is extracted and then physically fragmented with a g‐TUBE, overhangs are repaired, and fragments are selectively purified with magnetic beads to obtain an average fragment size of 2.5 kb. Blunted fragments are ligated into a blunt‐end‐digested and dephosphorylated vector. Finally, the library is amplified by electroporating the ligation into a high‐transformation‐efficiency Escherichia coli strain and extracting the plasmid DNA from the transformants. As a proof of concept, we built and sequenced three genomic libraries from different genomes and calculated their coverage using a next‐generation sequencing (NGS) workflow. © 2025 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: Plasmid library construction

Alternate Protocol: Selection of gDNA fragments using SageELF gel fractionator

Support Protocol 1: Extraction of gDNA with phenol/chloroform

Support Protocol 2: Vector preparation
A 37‐Color Spectral Flow Cytometric Panel to Assess Transcription Factors and Chemokine Receptors in Human Intestinal Lymphoid Cells
Authors: Jiang Qinyue , Lindelauf Ciska , van Unen Vincent , van der Meulen‐de Jong Andrea E. , Koning Frits , Pascutti M. Fernanda
Published: January 2025

We have developed a 37‐color spectral flow cytometry panel to assess the phenotypical differentiation of innate and adaptive immune lymphoid subsets within human intestinal tissue. In addition to lineage markers for identifying innate lymphoid cells (ILC), TCRγδ, MAIT (mucosal‐associated invariant T), natural killer (NK), CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, we incorporated markers of differentiation and activation (CD45RA, CD45RO, CD25, CD27, CD38, CD39, CD69, CD103, CD127, CD161, HLA‐DR, CTLA‐4 [CD152]), alongside transcription factors (Bcl‐6, FoxP3, GATA‐3, Helios, T‐bet, PU.1 and RORγt) and chemokine receptors (CCR4, CCR6, CCR7, CXCR3, and CXCR5). Additionally, Granzyme B and Ki‐67 were included to assess cytotoxicity and proliferation potential of the different subsets. This panel is currently used for in‐depth immunophenotyping in endoscopic biopsies and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Distinguished from other OMIP papers, the comprehensive detection of both transcription factors and chemokine receptors facilitates the efficient assessment of several subsets, particularly CD4+ T helper cells, and its potential application extends to both tissue and circulation.
Retrospective Evaluation of Novel Synthetic Opioids and Xylazine Chronic Intake by Post‐Mortem Hair Testing
Authors: Ballotari Marco , Pigaiani Nicola , Bacci Anna , Scott Karen S. , Davis Gregory G. , Gottardo Rossella , Bortolotti Federica
Published: January 2025

Fentanyl and its derivatives (nonpharmaceutical fentanyl, NPFs) represent the largest group among synthetic opioids. Fentanyl‐related deaths and fatalities from tampering with pharmaceutical products have been reported. Furthermore, in the United States, adulterants such as xylazine and other substances, including the nitazenes class of opioids, have been found in an increasing number of unintentional overdose deaths, drug seizures, and reports of use by recreational drug users. Monitoring the diffusion of fentanyl, NPFs, nitazenes, and adulterants among the population is a fundamental pursuit in forensic toxicology. The use of hair analysis is perfect for this purpose, providing essential information regarding previous intake or exposure to xenobiotics. The present study focused on the development and validation of a UPLC‐MS/MS method for the detection and quantification of fentanyl, NPFs, and xylazine, as well as the semiquantitative detection of nitazenes in hair samples from post‐mortem cases collected under the jurisdiction of the Jefferson County Coroner/Medical Examiner's Office (Birmingham, AL, USA). The method was validated according to international guidelines and applied to the analysis of n = 250 post‐mortem hair samples. In 52% of the analyzed hair samples, fentanyl, its main metabolites, and related analogs were detected, showing significant exposure to these substances in the population. Moreover, xylazine was detected in n = 48 hair samples (19.2%). The developed UPLC‐MS/MS method proved suitable for rapid chromatographic separation and sensitive detection of the studied compounds. In addition, this is the first time that xylazine and protonitazene have been measured in hair samples of subjects exposed to synthetic opioids.
Life stage hypothesis modeling determines insect vulnerability during developmental life stages to climate extremes
Authors: Durney J. Simone , Debinski Diane M. , Matter Stephen F.
Published: January 2025

Butterflies are important bioindicators that can be used to monitor the effects of climate change, particularly in montane environments. Changes in butterfly population size over time, reflective of indicator life stages, can signal changes that have occurred or are occurring in their environment indicating ecosystem health. From the perspective of understanding butterflies as bioindicators in these systems, it is essential to identify influential environmental variables at each life stage that have the greatest effect on population dynamics. Life stage hypothesis modeling was used to assess the effects of multiple temperature and precipitation metrics on the population growth rate of a Parnassius clodius butterfly population from 2009 to 2018. Extreme maximum temperatures during the larval‐pupal life stages were identified to have a significant negative effect on population growth rate. We speculate that higher temperatures during the spring ephemeral host plant's flowering, and P. clodius' larval stage, may lead to earlier plant senescence and lower P. clodius growth. Because Parnassius butterflies are well studied from a global perspective, results may aid in understanding the potential indicator life stages of other insect species in montane environments to climatic changes. Findings from this study demonstrate the value in assessing a butterfly species' response to short‐term weather variation or long‐term climatic changes at each life stage in order to protect and conserve insects and their interactions with other organisms.
Environmental influences on chorusing patterns in an Australian tropical savanna frog community
Authors: Brodie Sheryn , Allen‐Ankins Slade , Schwarzkopf Lin
Published: January 2025

Ecoacoustic methods provide opportunities for ecological studies of vocalizing species within the context of the natural habitats and communities in which they occur. Continuous acoustic monitoring of species assemblages can reveal patterns in breeding phenology, behavior, and interactions. We used long‐duration false‐color spectrograms derived from acoustic indices to detect the nightly chorusing of a community of anurans in a tropical savanna in north Queensland. We described the chorusing patterns of each species over two wet seasons at three breeding sites, and used conditional random forest analysis to investigate the influence of various environmental factors. Frogs in these habitats form multispecies aggregations at water bodies during breeding periods when males form large choruses to attract females. The chorusing patterns revealed the species have different breeding periods, which could be broadly categorized as explosive or prolonged. While rain events were often a trigger for the commencement of the breeding period, species responded differently to environmental conditions. Choruses of explosive breeding species occurred only on the night of, or night after, the first high rainfall event of the wet season. The prolonged breeding species showed idiosyncratic patterns of chorusing, which were generally consistent across sites. Fine‐grained nightly data on patterns of chorusing and the relationship with environmental conditions allow us to understand the detectability of the presence, or absence, of the frog species in these habitats, and provide baseline data for monitoring and management programs.
A P‐nucleophile Interrupted Seyferth‐Gilbert Reaction
Authors: Wei Yuan‐Jie , Zhou Fei‐Long , Tian Yan , Cheng Yong‐Feng
Published: January 2025

Herein, we report an interrupted Seyferth–Gilbert reaction of ortho‐phosphanylbenzaldehydes with Seyferth–Gilbert reagent yielding vinylphosphonates. The transformation features remarkable chemoselectivity, mild reaction condition and good functional group tolerance.
Renewable Energy in Sudan: Current Status and Future Prospects
Authors: Al‐Rikabi Ihab Jabbar , Omara Adil A. M. , Abuelnour Mohamed Ali , Abuelnuor Abuelnuor A. A. , Mohamed Ahmed Elbashir , Ismail Najib Aminu
Published: January 2025

Sudan relies heavily on refined petroleum products for electricity generation, excluding hydropower, contributing to environmental degradation through petroleum combustion. This challenge underscores the need to expand renewable energy utilization. This paper reviews the current status and future potential of renewable energy in Sudan. While hydropower generates approximately 54.6% of Sudan's electricity, other renewable sources contribute only 0.78% to the national grid. Sudan's hydropower capacity stands at 1907 MW, with plans to add 2197 MW. As a Sunbelt country, Sudan has immense solar energy potential, yet it has only constructed a 10‐MW solar PV plant (5 MW on‐grid). Two additional 10‐MW solar projects are under construction, and the government aims to install 2190 MW of grid‐connected solar PV and 50 MW of solar thermal energy by 2035. Wind energy remains underutilized, with a single 0.8‐MW wind turbine connected to the grid, although a 100‐MW wind power plant is under construction. The government envisions 1550 MW of wind capacity by 2035. Bioenergy capacity, predominantly from sugar industry co‐generation, totals 199 MW, with less than 20 MW on‐grid. Plans aim to install 270 MW of grid‐connected bioenergy by 2032. Despite possessing geothermal potential in the Red Sea region, no geothermal plants have been installed. However, 54 MW of geothermal projects are planned by 2030. Additionally, Sudan's nuclear energy program targets two 600‐MW reactors by 2030, while tidal energy projects could contribute 1.2 TWh annually to the grid. These initiatives aim to diversify Sudan's energy mix and enhance the country's sustainability.
Glacier thickness modelling and monitoring with geophysical data constraints: A case study on the Indren Glacier (NW Italy)
Authors: Strallo Valeria , Colombero Chiara , Troilo Fabrizio , Mondardini Luca , Godio Alberto
Published: January 2025

The ongoing global temperature increase has accelerated the mass loss of glaciers worldwide, with Italian alpine glaciers being particularly vulnerable due to their small size, complex geometries and exposition that implies a fast reaction to thermal and hydrological modifications. In such a frame, the Indren Glacier (Aosta Valley, north‐western Italian Alps) provides a valid test site to check the thickness evolution over the last two decades (1999–2020), through an integrated approach combining historical data, on‐site geophysical measurements, remote sensing surveys, modelling and temperature analysis. Using a 2018 helicopter‐based photogrammetric survey and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) survey campaigns of 2020, we obtained new input data and constraints to build up an updated thickness model for the whole glacier through the Glacier Thickness Estimation algorithm (GlaTE). Ice thickness is indeed a key parameter to estimate the ice volume and use it as further input in evolutionary models forecasting future scenarios. As a part of this integrated approach, we also analysed remote sensing and temperature data, finding a major modification in the glacier conditions over the last decade. Further comparing these results with previous studies, we identified a significant decrease in ice thickness, and we confirmed the presence of an over‐deepening in the glacier central widest part. This integrated methodology enhances our understanding of glacier dynamics and improves predictions of future changes, offering crucial insights for managing water resources and mitigating natural hazards in the alpine region.
Disintegration characteristics of undisturbed loess in response to train vibration frequency
Authors: Li Shan , Wang Jiading , Zhang Dengfei , Wang Li , Qi Lirong , Xiao Tao , Han Kai , Wang Qinghua
Published: January 2025

Disintegration fragments the loess body, causing erosion and the emergence of significant geohazards. The impact of vibrations on soil disintegration has been slightly documented; however, the contribution and mechanism of train vibration frequency in the disintegration of undisturbed loess remain unclear. In this study, train vibrations were monitored in situ, and the resulting vibrational parameters were used in loess disintegration tests using a customised vibration‐disintegration apparatus. The changes in the meso‐parameters of the disintegrated loess and aqueous solutions were quantified, and the microstructural differences in the residual loess after disintegration were compared under non‐vibrating and vibrating conditions. The results revealed that train vibrations in the loess progressively diminished with increasing distance from the track, with dominant vibration frequencies ranging from 17 to 49 Hz. Increasing the vibration frequency accelerated loess disintegration and enhanced the dispersion of the disintegrated fragments. Notably, the acceleration effect of disintegration was particularly pronounced in the early stages of increasing vibration frequency, and it tended to plateau above 15 Hz. The relationship between the vibration frequency and disintegration velocity (DV) of loess influenced by the initial water content can be expressed as a power function with variables. Vibrations accelerate loess disintegration primarily attributed to repetitive particle displacement and the vibrations of free water in the pores which lead to frictional damage to the weakly cemented structure and pore expansion. Higher vibration frequencies generate greater inertial forces and facilitate more frequent particle jumps, allowing the loess to reach the disintegration threshold conditions more readily than at lower frequencies. These findings provide theoretical value for the prevention and mitigation of water‐induced loess geohazards and land degradation in vibrating environments.
Lycopene Alleviates Depression‐Like Behavior in Chronic Social Defeat Stress‐Induced Mice by Promoting Synaptic Plasticity via the BDNF–TrkB Pathway
Authors: Xu Heyan , Wang Yuna , Geng Dandan , Chen Fengming , Chen Yujia , Niwenahisemo Lisa Cynthia , Shi Lei , Du Ning , He Ziqiang , Xu Xiaoming , Kuang Li
Published: January 2025

Lycopene is a natural plant extract widely studied for its powerful antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. Emerging evidence suggests that it also possesses potential antidepressant properties. Compared to commonly used clinical antidepressants, lycopene offers higher safety; however, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, this study aims to explore the mechanisms through which lycopene exerts its antidepressant effects. We employed the chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model to induce depressive‐like behaviors in mice, followed by lycopene treatment (20 mg/kg). Based on previous research, we focused on synaptic plasticity by examining the expression of synaptic proteins in the hippocampus to uncover potential mechanisms. The results showed that CSDS induced synaptic plasticity impairments in the hippocampus but lycopene treatment significantly improved these synaptic deficits and reversed the depressive‐like behaviors induced by CSDS. Moreover, lycopene treatment upregulated the expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and reduced the activity of BDNF–TrkB/pTrkB pathway in the hippocampus. These molecular changes were consistent with changes in synaptic‐related proteins, suggesting that lycopene may enhance synaptic plasticity via the BDNF–TrkB/pTrkB signaling pathway. This study explored the mechanisms underlying depressive‐like behaviors induced by CSDS in mice and provided preclinical evidence that lycopene may serve as a potential antidepressant. It offers an effective avenue for the development of novel antidepressant therapies.
Early Cretaceous Tuffs From the Southwestern Ordos Basin, North China Craton: Geochronology, Geochemistry and Geological Significance
Authors: Chen Yin , Li Jianguo , Chen Lulu , Zhang Bo , Zhao Hualei
Published: January 2025

Tuffs are the significant medium to figure out volcanic activities, explore regional tectonic evolution and constrain the depositional ages in basins. Tuff intervals are found in the Early Cretaceous successions from the southwestern Ordos Basin, southwestern part of the North China Craton, which supplies new geochronological and geochemical evidence to understand the Early Cretaceous tectonic setting. In this work, whole‐rock and zircon geochemistry, zircon U–Pb dating and Hf isotopic analyses were conducted. Zircon U–Pb dating results yielded ages of 125.32, 121.71 and 118.20 Ma, which have recorded the erupting of rhyolites and constrained the depositional age precisely to belong to the Aptian. Two groups of zircons Hf isotopic data are εHf(t) of 8 with TDM2 of 693–570 Ma and εHf(t) of −11.7 with TDM2 of 1908 Ma. Westerlies or southwesterlies were prevailing in the Early Cretaceous and can bring cinerites from the western or southwestern part of China. Comparative analysis of geochemistry and zircon Hf isotopes exhibited that the volcanoes from the Qiangtang Block and the Qingling Orogen were the most potential sources for the tuffs. These Early Cretaceous volcanic eruptions were triggered by the subduction of the Bangong‐Nujiang Ocean and the Paleo‐Pacific Ocean with plate roll‐back and lithospheric destruction.
Understanding Hip Contact Stress Based on Types of Physical Activity: A Systematic Review
Authors: Prasetya Arief Indra Perdana , Ammarullah Muhammad Imam , Winarni Tri Indah , Pramono Adriyan , Jamari Jamari , Kamarul Tunku , Syahrom Ardiyansyah
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims

High contact stresses involving the hip have been shown to increase the risk of developing hip osteoarthritis (OA). Although several risk factors have been identified for OA, a holistic approach to predicting contributed factors toward increased hip contact stresses have not been explored. This study was conducted to comprehensively understand the effects of physical activity on high hip contact stress as predisposing factors of OA.

Methods

The protocol of this systematic review was registered in PROSPERO with registration number CRD42022296638 and conducted based on PRISMA guidelines. Full articles that matched our inclusion criteria were selected using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus search engines and keywords such as “hip contact stress,” “hip contact force,” and/or “hip contact pressure.” Category of factors, experimental design, results of the study, and evidence from each article were analyzed.

Results

In total 7972 papers were screened, identified, and reviewed. Two independent authors read the collected fulltext of eligible articles resulting in 21 papers that fulfilled the inclusion criteria of this systematic review.

Conclusion

Types of physical activity (n = 21) have correlation with high hip joint contact stress in various manner. Based on the research findings obtained from various inclusion papers, it can be broadly concluded that the more intense the physical activity, such as running and stair climbing, the greater the impact on the increase in hip contact stress values. However, the reviewed studies vary in their methods. This finding suggested that this area is not well investigated and warrants future research.
Predicting Factors Affecting Survival Rate in Patients Undergoing On‐Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Using Machine Learning Methods: A Systematic Review
Authors: Jafarkhani Alireza , Imani Behzad , Saeedi Soheila , Shams Amir
Published: January 2025

Background and Aim

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a key treatment for coronary artery disease, but accurately predicting patient survival after the procedure presents significant challenges. This study aimed to systematically review articles using machine learning techniques to predict patient survival rates and identify factors affecting these rates after CABG surgery.

Methods

From January 1, 2015, to January 20, 2024, a comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and Web of Science. The review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Inclusion criteria included studies that evaluated survival rates and predictors associated with CABG patients during the specified period.

Results

After eliminating duplicates, a total of 1330 articles were identified. Following a systematic screening, 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. Our findings revealed 43 distinct factors influencing survival rates in patients undergoing CABG. Notably, five factors—age, ejection fraction, diabetes mellitus, a history of cerebrovascular disease or accidents, and renal function—were consistently identified across multiple studies as significant predictors of postsurgical survival.

Conclusion

This systematic review identifies key factors influencing survival rates after CABG surgery and highlights the role of machine learning in improving predictive accuracy. By identifying high‐risk patients through these key factors, our findings offer practical insights for healthcare providers, enhancing patient management and customizing therapeutic strategies after CABG. This study significantly enhances existing literature by combining machine learning techniques with clinical factors, thereby improving the understanding of patient outcomes in CABG surgery.
Artificial Intelligence in Pediatric Epilepsy Detection: Balancing Effectiveness With Ethical Considerations for Welfare
Authors: Mourid Marina Ramzy , Irfan Hamza , Oduoye Malik Olatunde
Published: January 2025

Background and Aim

Epilepsy is a major neurological challenge, especially for pediatric populations. It profoundly impacts both developmental progress and quality of life in affected children. With the advent of artificial intelligence (AI), there's a growing interest in leveraging its capabilities to improve the diagnosis and management of pediatric epilepsy. This review aims to assess the effectiveness of AI in pediatric epilepsy detection while considering the ethical implications surrounding its implementation.

Methodology

A comprehensive systematic review was conducted across multiple databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Medline. Search terms encompassed “pediatric epilepsy,” “artificial intelligence,” “machine learning,” “ethical considerations,” and “data security.” Publications from the past decade were scrutinized for methodological rigor, with a focus on studies evaluating AI's efficacy in pediatric epilepsy detection and management.

Results

AI systems have demonstrated strong potential in diagnosing and monitoring pediatric epilepsy, often matching clinical accuracy. For example, AI‐driven decision support achieved 93.4% accuracy in diagnosis, closely aligning with expert assessments. Specific methods, like EEG‐based AI for detecting interictal discharges, showed high specificity (93.33%–96.67%) and sensitivity (76.67%–93.33%), while neuroimaging approaches using rs‐fMRI and DTI reached up to 97.5% accuracy in identifying microstructural abnormalities. Deep learning models, such as CNN‐LSTM, have also enhanced seizure detection from video by capturing subtle movement and expression cues. Non‐EEG sensor‐based methods effectively identified nocturnal seizures, offering promising support for pediatric care. However, ethical considerations around privacy, data security, and model bias remain crucial for responsible AI integration.

Conclusion

While AI holds immense potential to enhance pediatric epilepsy management, ethical considerations surrounding transparency, fairness, and data security must be rigorously addressed. Collaborative efforts among stakeholders are imperative to navigate these ethical challenges effectively, ensuring responsible AI integration and optimizing patient outcomes in pediatric epilepsy care.
Cerebral Malaria in Adults: A Retrospective Descriptive Analysis of 80 Cases in a Tertiary Hospital in The Gambia, 2020–2023
Authors: Bittaye Sheikh Omar , Jagne Abubacarr , Jaiteh Lamin E. S. , Amambua‐Ngwa Alfred , Sesay Abdul Karim , Ramirez Williams Estrada , Ramos Asmell , Effa Emmanuel , Nyan Ousman , Njie Ramou
Published: January 2025

Background and Aim

Cerebral malaria in Gambian children has been studied but there is limited information on CM in adults. The study assesses the clinical features and outcome of CM in adult patients admitted at the Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital.

Method

This was a retrospective review of all adult patients with malaria admitted to the internal medicine department from October 18, 2020 to February 2, 2022.

Results

A total number of 319 adults were admitted with malaria. Eighty (25%) patients met the criteria for CM. The median age of the CM patients was 19 years. CM patients were younger (p < 0.001), more likely to be of the adolescent age group (p < 0.001), more likely to be referred from a lower‐level health facility (p < 0.001), and more likely to be admitted in intensive care p < 0.001) as compared to NSCM or UM patients. The total in‐hospital mortality of CM patients was 23.8%. Ten (52.6%) out of the 19 patients died within the first 24 h of admission. In multivariate analysis, CM patients with acute kidney injury at presentation was an independent predictor of mortality in this study.

Conclusion

CM seems to affect the adolescent age group more than the older adults in The Gambia. The clinicians should be able to identify these high‐risk patient group and institute prompt critical care interventions and/or treatment. The findings in this study also identify the need to expand access of critical care interventions and hemodialysis to help improve the prognosis of adult CM patients in The Gambia.
An alternative for hysteroscopic myomectomy: Ultrasound‐guided single‐step myomectomy for submucous myoma uteri with ring forceps, a retrospective study
Authors: Ozcivit Erkan Ipek Betul , Kuru Oguzhan , Acar Ilkin , Oztas Atakan Mahmut , Gezer Altay
Published: January 2025

Objective

Hysteroscopic myomectomy is widely regarded as safe and feasible, although achieving single‐session results for larger myomas often requires alternative methods. This study introduces a novel approach: ultrasound‐guided myoma extirpation using ring forceps combined with hysteroscopy.

Methods

This retrospective, single‐center study includes patients who underwent ultrasound‐guided myoma extirpation between 2016 and 2024. Data were collected retrospectively, and myomas were classified according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics leiomyoma subclassification system. Under ultrasound guidance, the myoma was extirpated using ring forceps. The pre‐, peri‐, and postoperative outcomes were recorded and analyzed.

Results

A total of 25 patients were included, with a mean age of 44.76 ± 8.09 years. Most patients (92%) were premenopausal, and the primary symptoms were irregular bleeding (76%) and menorrhagia (68%). The median myoma size was 3 cm (interquartile range [IQR]: 2–4 cm). The median operation time was 30 min (IQR: 20–42 min). There was no statistically significant correlation between the duration of the operation and the diameter of the myoma uteri. Most myomas were located in the fundus, left side, or anterior wall (20% each), with 60% classified as type 0. Postoperative assessments revealed no residual myomas in 84% of cases. Uterine perforation and cervical laceration occurred as complications in two cases, while four cases required an additional session. Two patients with infertility achieved full‐term pregnancies post‐surgery.

Conclusion

This new, minimally invasive technique might be a feasible option for large myomas, particularly in low‐resource settings. It minimizes the need for multiple sessions, providing reassuring results for patients with suitable indications.
NIR‐II Fluorescence Image Translation via Latent Space Disentanglement
Authors: Yu Xiaoming , Tian Jie , Hu Zhenhua
Published: January 2025

The second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II) fluorescence imaging is an excellent optical in vivo imaging method. Compared with NIR‐IIa window (1000–1300 nm), NIR‐IIb window (1500–1700 nm) imaging can significantly improve the imaging effect. However, due to the limitation that there are no molecular probes approved for NIR‐IIb imaging in humans, we expect to achieve the translation of NIR‐IIa images to NIR‐IIb images through artificial intelligence. NIR‐II fluorescence imaging is divided into macroscopic imaging of animal bodies and microscopic imaging of tissue and nerves. The two imaging scenarios are different. To realize the translation of two scene images at the same time, this paper designs a generative adversarial network model. The core idea is to disentangle the information in the encoded latent space into the information shared by the macroscopic and microscopic images and information specific to both to extract the high‐quality feature maps for decoding. In addition, we improve the contrastive loss and use the attention‐aware sampling strategy to select patches, which further maintains the source image content structure. The experiment results demonstrate the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Suitability of Water Quality for Irrigation Purposes Using GIS‐Based Irrigation Water Quality Index
Authors: Şimşir Mehmet , Yıldız Sayiter , Karakuş Can Bülent , Özbek Dilara Ülger
Published: January 2025

In this study, surface water quality was assessed on the basis of irrigation water quality indices and the irrigation water quality index (IWQI) via GIS. The study was carried out on the basis of analyses of samples collected in August (dry) and November (wet) 2023 from 12 designated points along the Yıldız River in Sivas. The sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Kelly index (KI), sodium percentage (Na%), permeability index (PI), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), magnesium hazard (MH) indices and IWQI were calculated to determine the classification of irrigation water quality. Additionally, analyses of Ca2+, Cl−, Fe2+, K+, HCO3−, Mg2+, Mn, Na+, pH and SO42− were conducted on the samples. The spatial distributions of the calculated parameters were mapped via GIS, and irrigation water quality assessment was performed according to the US Salinity Diagram and irrigation water quality standards. The IWQI values ranged from 401 to 61 during the rainy season and from 42 to 67 during the dry season. In the rainy season, two surface water samples were classified as ‘poor (MR: moderate restriction, IWQI: 55–70)’ and nine as ‘very poor (HR: high restriction, IWQI: 40–55)’. In the dry season, three surface water samples were classified as ‘poor (MR: moderate restriction)’ and nine as ‘very poor (HR: high restriction)’. According to the US Salinity Diagram, the majority of surface water samples in both the rainy and dry seasons fell into categories C3S1 (high‐salinity hazard–low‐sodium hazard) and C2S1 (medium‐salinity hazard–low‐sodium hazard), respectively. The results highlight the effectiveness of these methodologies in evaluating surface water quality, assisting in the development of informed management strategies for sustainable water resource use in agricultural environments. The IWQI has proven to be a good tool for assessing the quality of irrigation water in the study area and managing water quality and can help decision makers manage water resources more effectively for sustainable agriculture.
Microfluidics Based Particle and Droplet Generation for Gene and Drug Delivery Approaches
Authors: Onan Deniz , Özder Melike , Sipahi Meryem İrem , Poyraz Nazlıcan , Apaydın Ceylin , Erel‐Akbaba Gülşah , Akbaba Hasan
Published: January 2025

Microfluidics‐based droplets have emerged as a powerful technology for biomedical research, offering precise control over droplet size and structure, optimal mixing of solutions, and prevention of cross‐contamination. It is a major branch of microfluidic technology with applications in diagnostic testing, imaging, separation, and gene amplification. This review discusses the different aspects of microfluidic devices, droplet generation techniques, droplet types, and the production of micro/nano particles, along with their advantages and limitations. Passive and active methods for droplet formation are discussed, as well as the manipulation of droplet shape and content. This review also highlights the potential applications of droplet microfluidics in tissue engineering, cancer therapy, and drug delivery systems. The use of microfluidics in the production of lipid nanoparticles and polymeric microparticles is also presented, with emphasis on their potential in drug delivery and biomedical research. Finally, the contributions of microfluidics to vaccines, gene therapy, personalized medicine, and future perspectives are discussed, emphasizing the need for continuous innovation and integration with other technologies, such as AI and wearable devices, to further enhance its potential in personalized medicine and drug delivery. However, it is also noted that challenges in commercialization and widespread adoption still need to be addressed.
Mfgnn: Multi‐Scale Feature‐Attentive Graph Neural Networks for Molecular Property Prediction
Authors: Ye Weiting , Li Jingcheng , Cai Xianfa
Published: January 2025

In the realm of artificial intelligence‐driven drug discovery (AIDD), accurately predicting the influence of molecular structures on their properties is a critical research focus. While deep learning models based on graph neural networks (GNNs) have made significant advancements in this area, prior studies have primarily concentrated on molecule‐level representations, often neglecting the impact of functional group structures and the potential relationships between fragments on molecular property predictions. To address this gap, we introduce the multi‐scale feature attention graph neural network (MfGNN), which enhances traditional atom‐based molecular graph representations by incorporating fragment‐level representations derived from chemically synthesizable BRICS fragments. MfGNN not only effectively captures both the structural information of molecules and the features of functional groups but also pays special attention to the potential relationships between fragments, exploring how they collectively influence molecular properties. This model integrates two core mechanisms: a graph attention mechanism that captures embeddings of molecules and functional groups, and a feature extraction module that systematically processes BRICS fragment‐level features to uncover relationships among the fragments. Our comprehensive experiments demonstrate that MfGNN outperforms leading machine learning and deep learning models, achieving state‐of‐the‐art performance in 8 out of 11 learning tasks across various domains, including physical chemistry, biophysics, physiology, and toxicology. Furthermore, ablation studies reveal that the integration of multi‐scale feature information and the feature extraction module enhances the richness of molecular features, thereby improving the model's predictive capabilities.
Ready for the next storm? An analysis of Florida's hurricane preparedness for its residents with disabilities
Authors: Mimbs Hope , Barrett Anne E. , Soulie Brianna , Noblitt Jessica , Michael Cherish
Published: January 2025

The increasing frequency and severity of hurricanes induced by climate change, heighten the importance of understanding the emergency preparedness and needs of older adults with disabilities. This segment of the population faces an elevated risk of injury or death in hurricanes and other weather‐related emergencies, but little is known about their preparation for and evacuation intentions regarding such emergencies. Even less is known about communities' readiness to address older adults with disabilities' needs during emergencies. We examine hurricane readiness at the individual level using data from an online survey of Floridians aged 50 and older (n = 3918) and at the county level using administrative data from 65 of Florida's 67 counties. Results of individual‐level analyses revealed that older adults with self‐reported mobility or vision impairments had lower odds of being hurricane prepared, suggesting they may have unmet needs in such emergencies. Results of county‐level analyses yielded mixed results. Although counties with higher proportions of their residents having limited abilities tended to have more special needs emergency shelters, counties with higher proportions of their residents using special equipment tended to have fewer—rather than more—such shelters. Our study provides insight that can inform policies aimed at safeguarding older adults with disabilities from the risks posed by the warming planet's intensifying storms.
Does Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak in Pituitary Surgery Affect Patient Reported Quality of Life?
Authors: Duggal Camille , Detombe Sarah , Lefteris Ashton , Van Uum Stan , Sowerby Leigh , Duggal Neil , Rotenberg Brian
Published: January 2025

Background

Endoscopic techniques allow for improved visualization and tumor debulking of pituitary adenomas. More thorough tumor resection, however, can be associated with higher rates of CSF leaks. We set out to determine if CSF leaks influenced patient perceived quality of life outcomes.

Methods

This retrospective study included 152 patients who underwent endoscopic pituitary tumor resection over a 10‐year period. QoL was assessed using the SF‐36 questionnaire and completed before surgery, 6 weeks and 6 months post‐operatively. Statistical analysis was conducted using a equivalence test and a two‐way mixed model ANOVA to assess intraoperative CSF leak, postoperative CSF leak, redo surgery, and the use of a lumbar drain.

Results

Of the 152 patients, 98 had a potential intraoperative CSF leak. Intra‐ and postoperative CSF leaks did not significantly impact patient reported QoL outcomes at 6 months following surgery. There was clinical equivalence in mental scores as early as 6 weeks and 6 months for physical scores. There was no statistically significant difference in physical (p‐value = 0.975) and mental (p = 0.204) scores for patients who experienced a postoperative CSF leak. There was no statistically significant difference in QoL in the mental and physical scores for patients that received a lumbar drain (physical score p = 0.832; mental score p = 0.915) or redo surgery (physical score p = 0.830; mental score p = 0.204).

Conclusion

This article demonstrates that CSF leaks do not impact patient‐reported QoL outcomes at 6 months post‐surgery. This will allow surgeons to better provide insight and counsel patients regarding the relevance of CSF leaks in the setting of pituitary procedures.

Level of Evidence

III Laryngoscope, 2025
Release Strategy of Competing Retailers for Reserved Produce Under the Government's Emergency Reserves With Order Constraints
Authors: Lei Ting , Dan Bin , Yuan Yongqi , Tian Yu , Ding Yu
Published: January 2025

The government establishes an emergency reserve system and releases reserved produce through competing retailers in a fresh produce supply chain. We study the release strategy of competing retailers for reserved produce under the government's emergency reserves with order constraints. Our results reveal that competing retailers are willing to release reserved produce despite intensifying market competition. The release of reserved produce does not necessarily cannibalize supplies of fresh produce; however, the order constraints on reserved produce may instead reduce fresh produce supplies. It can also simultaneously improve or reduce supply chain performance and consumer surplus, bringing a “win‐win” or “lose‐lose” situation.
High‐velocity impact response and damage behavior of bio‐inspired helicoidal composite laminates: Experimental and numerical investigation
Authors: Chen Wei , Lin Haoming , Li Mengzhen , Zhang Yiheng , Huang Hai , Wu Xingxing , Li Xiaobin
Published: January 2025

Bio‐inspired helicoidal composite laminates have been found to have better impact resistance and energy absorption than conventional laminates. To study the impact responses and damage behaviors of bio‐inspired helicoidal composite laminates under high‐velocity impact, the composite laminates with three helix angles were designed and tested. Two types of light‐gas gun were used to provide low and high impact energies, the velocity was measured using a velocimeter and the damage to the laminate profile was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Numerical simulation is then used to simulate the damage behavior of the helicoidal laminates based on the Hashin failure criterion and the revised dynamic increase factor. The results show that: under an impact of low energies, the helicoidal mechanism serves to absorb the impact energy through the generation of additional delamination. The laminates with the helix angle of 15° exhibits the maximum delamination area and the minimum residual velocity. However, under the impact of higher energies, the helicoidal mechanism is unlikely to improve the energy absorption and will inhibit the delamination damage. The laminates with the helix angle of 45° have the greatest inhibitory effects on delamination damage, with a delamination area reduction of 35.41%. Due to these differences, therefore, the use of helicoidal laminates should be more cautious in high‐velocity impact resistance and better avoid high‐energy situations. These findings can support the design of novel impact resistance structures.

Highlights

High‐velocity impact tests and FEM simulation of helicoidal laminates are carried out

Damage behaviors and failure mechanism of helicoidal laminates are studied

Delamination and fiber breakage are the main failure modes

The laminates with the helix angle of 15° has the best impact resistance.
Unveiling the effects of thermodynamic interaction of basalt fibers/epoxy interfaces on thermal stability, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of basalt fibers reinforced waterborne epoxy coatings
Authors: Xiang Guangguang , Zeng Dezhi , Zheng Hongpeng , Wang Rongxiang , Liu Bin
Published: January 2025

In this study, the interfacial interaction between the 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) modified basalt fibers (BF@Ax) and waterborne epoxy was studied by using thermodynamic approaches and creating a “wetting‐reagglomeration‐adsorption” isocontour map of waterborne epoxy. Combined with the TG‐DSC, dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DMA), tensile, flexural, electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS) and salt spray tests, the enhancement effects of interfacial interaction on thermal stability, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance were demonstrated. From the isocontour map, APTES modification reduces the surface energies of BF@Ax fillers from 53.05 to 50.27 mJ/m2, which results in the driving energy for reagglomeration decreasing from 17.04 to 10.41 mJ/m2 and the adsorption energy increasing from 20.24 to 20.77 mJ/m2, suggesting that the BF fillers' dispersion performance and interfacial strengths of BF composite coatings are enhanced. Compared to the varnish coating, the tensile and flexural strengths of the epoxy (EP)/BF@A9.5 coating are increased by 55.87% and 36.36%, respectively, and the thermal stability is enhanced, due to the BF@A9.5 fillers' optimal dispersion. Meanwhile, EP/BF@A5.0 coating has the best corrosion resistance with |Z|0.01Hz value above 109 Ω cm2 after 35 days and salt spray resistance exceeding 120 days. This work provides a new insight into how the interfacial interaction between the one‐dimensional rod fillers and matrices affects the composites' properties from the thermodynamics.

Highlights

Waterborne epoxy coatings were reinforced by the modified chopped BFs.

Impact of APTES modification on the BF surface energy was uncovered.

Interaction of BFs/epoxy interfaces was studied by thermodynamic approaches.

Effect of interfacial interaction on properties of coatings was unveiled.
Fiber random contact model for evaluating electrical resistance variation of carbon fiber composites under various damage modes
Authors: Wu Tianwei , Li Gen , Gu Bohong , Sun Baozhong
Published: January 2025

The variations in electrical resistance of carbon fiber composites under different damage modes are critical for the design of electrically conductive components. Here, we developed a fiber random contact model to analyze the changes in electrical resistance of carbon fiber composites subjected to various damage scenarios. An ideal rectangular grid was constructed in matrix form utilizing the nodal voltage and current method. The electrical resistance of each fiber branch was calculated based on the normal distribution of fiber orientation angles. To simulate the random distribution of contact branches among fiber contact points within the resistor network, contact branches were randomly removed from the ideal rectangular grid. The electric conductive properties of carbon fiber tows, unidirectional carbon fiber composites, and 3D woven carbon fiber composites were measured to validate the fiber random contact model. The findings are anticipated to contribute to the optimization of carbon fiber composites for electrical applications.

Highlights

Fiber random lap model for evaluating electrical behavior was developed.

The conductive behaviors of the composites were measured.

Electrical resistance variation under various damages was investigated.
Exploration of the Link Between Nonverbal Communication, Affectivity, and Demographics
Authors: Abbas Mariyam , Fatima Mahvish
Published: January 2025

Effective communication is vital in both social and professional contexts, yet the nuanced relationship between nonverbal communication (NVC) and affectivity, particularly in relation to demographic factors, has not been fully understood. The lack of clarity in how these elements interact poses a challenge in developing tailored communication strategies that resonate across diverse populations. To address this, the study investigates the connection between NVC and affectivity, focusing on gender, age, and education as key demographic factors. A sample of 200 participants (64.5% males, 35.5% females) was analyzed using a 26‐item Nonverbal Communication and Affectivity (NVCA) scale. The study found that males exhibited higher levels of both NVC and affectivity. Age significantly influenced NVC, but its effect on affectivity was not significant. Educational level did not significantly affect either NVC or affectivity. The study showed the importance of demographic considerations in communication practices and calls for further research to deepen our understanding of the interplay between NVC, affectivity, and socio‐cultural influences.