bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Palliative care in residential aged care: An overview
Authors: Butler Juliet
Published: November 2017

Objective

To measure how care needs, health and length of stay in permanent residential aged care differs by assessed need for palliative care.

Methods

On entry into permanent residential aged care, people's care needs and health conditions are assessed on the Aged Care Funding Instrument. Data for the period 2008–2009 and 2015–2016 were analysed for trends in care needs, health conditions, length of stay and separation reason across assessed need for palliative care.

Results

Assessed care needs have increased for all people in residential aged care over this period, and people appraised for palliative care were more likely to be rated ‘high’ in need for support in activities of daily living. People appraised for palliative care had a higher prevalence of cancer and shorter length of stays.

Conclusion

Palliative care appraisal is associated with increased complexity in assessed care needs, different profiles of health and shorter length of stays in permanent residential aged care.
“Milk Has Gone”: Dietary Change and Human Adaptability in Karamoja, Uganda
Authors: Gray Sandra , Sundal Mary B.
Published: November 2017

This article examines changes in dietary strategies among Karimojong agropastoralists in northeast Uganda. We recorded food selection, procurement, processing, and consumption in twenty‐eight female‐headed Karimojong households during a four‐month period in 2004. Plant foods comprised the bulk of the diet, whereas less than 12 percent of dietary intake came from the herds. Milk contributed no more than 5 percent of total dietary energy. These findings present a striking contrast with ethnographic reports of the Karimojong and related Turkana pastoralists in the mid‐ to late twentieth century. We argue that dietary change, particularly the lack of milk and butterfat in most households, is symptomatic of a weakened pastoralist sector—a consequence of the convergence of multiple external and internal stressors. We conclude that the disruption of the pastoralist system, the lack of sustainable alternatives, and the growing dependency on agriculture have set the Karimojong on a trajectory toward permanent impoverishment, compromising human adaptability and population resilience. [African pastoralists, livelihood change, dietary strategies]
Neuroplasticity following short‐term strength training occurs at supraspinal level and is specific for the trained task
Authors: Giboin L.‐S. , Weiss B. , Thomas F. , Gruber M.
Published: November 2017

Aims

Different modalities of strength training cause performance enhancements, which are specific for the trained task. However, the involved mechanisms are still largely unknown. It has been demonstrated that strength training could induce neuroplasticity, which might underlie the performance improvements during the first training sessions. Thus, we hypothesized to find task‐specific neuroplasticity after a short‐term strength training of two distinct strength tasks.

Methods

Young healthy male subjects were exposed to 4 sessions of either maximal isometric explosive (EXPL group, N = 9) or slow sustained (SUS group, N = 10) knee extensions. Pre‐ and post‐training, we measured H‐reflexes and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in the vastus lateralis (VL) at the onset of both strength tasks.

Results

Pre‐ and post‐training, H‐reflexes remained unchanged in both groups. MEP areas were lower in the trained task in both groups and remained unchanged in the untrained task.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that short‐term strength training induces specific neuroplasticity for the trained task only. The fact that MEPs were lower but H‐reflex amplitudes remained unchanged at the onset of the trained tasks suggests that strength training elicited neuroplasticity at supraspinal level that most likely reflect an improved task‐specific corticospinal efficiency.
The full spectrum of Castleman disease: 273 patients studied over 20 years
Authors: Oksenhendler Eric , Boutboul David , Fajgenbaum David , Mirouse Adrien , Fieschi Claire , Malphettes Marion , Vercellino Laetitia , Meignin Véronique , Gérard Laurence , Galicier Lionel
Published: November 2017

The spectrum of Castleman disease (CD) has considerably extended since its first description in 1956. Recently, an international collaborative working group has reached consensus on the diagnostic criteria and classification of CD. We herein report 273 patients with lymph node histopathology consistent with CD and investigate the newly established diagnostic criteria. Twenty of these patients with Castleman‐like histopathology were removed from analyses, because they were diagnosed with an exclusionary disorder (18 with haematological malignancy). Among the 253 remaining patients, 57 were considered unicentric CD (UCD), 169 were multicentric CD associated with Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV‐8+MCD), including 140 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and 29 patients without HIV infection, and 27 were HHV‐8 negative/idiopathic multicentric CD (iMCD). 2‐(18F)fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography was useful in 62 patients for staging/classification of the disease and for excluding associated lymphoma. UCD was mainly associated with hyaline‐vascular histopathological features, and most patients were asymptomatic. Of the 27 patients that we had originally diagnosed with iMCD, 26 met the newly established diagnostic criteria. Patients with iMCD and HHV‐8+ MCD demonstrated similar characteristics, including fever, splenomegaly, cytopenia and inflammatory symptoms. However, the disease was more aggressive in HHV‐8+ MCD, particularly in HIV‐infected patients.
Fetal haemoglobin induction in sickle cell disease
Authors: Paikari Alireza , Sheehan Vivien A.
Published: November 2017

Fetal haemoglobin (HbF, α2γ2) induction has long been an area of investigation, as it is known to ameliorate the clinical complications of sickle cell disease (SCD). Progress in identifying novel HbF‐inducing strategies has been stymied by limited understanding of gamma (γ)–globin regulation. Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have identified variants in BCL11A and HBS1L‐MYB that are associated with HbF levels. Functional studies have established the roles of BCL11A, MYB, and KLF1 in γ–globin regulation, but this information has not yielded new pharmacological agents. Several drugs are under investigation in clinical trials as HbF‐inducing agents, but hydroxycarbamide remains the only widely used pharmacologic therapy for SCD. Autologous transplant of edited haematopoietic stem cells holds promise as a cure for SCD, either through HbF induction or correction of the causative mutation, but several technical and safety hurdles must be overcome before this therapy can be offered widely, and pharmacological therapies are still needed.
Potentially inappropriate medication use in elderly non‐Hodgkin lymphoma patients is associated with reduced survival and increased toxicities
Authors: Lin Richard J. , Ma Helen , Guo Robin , Troxel Andrea B. , Diefenbach Catherine S.
Published: November 2017

Survival outcomes for elderly lymphoma patients are disproportionally inferior to those of younger patients. We examined medication usage at diagnosis for 171 elderly patients (median age 70 years) with aggressive non‐Hodgkin lymphoma treated between 2009 and 2014. At least one potentially inappropriate medication was used in 47% of patients according to the Beers Criteria, 59% experienced treatment delays and/or dose reduction and 65% experienced ≥ grade 3 treatment‐related toxicities. We report here for the first time that potentially inappropriate medication use was associated with reduced progression‐free survival and overall survival, and increased ≥ grade 3 treatment‐related toxicities in multivariate analysis.
Patterns of allergic sensitization and atopic dermatitis from 1 to 3 years: Effects on allergic diseases
Authors: Dharma C. , Lefebvre D. L. , Tran M. M. , Lou W. Y. W. , Subbarao P. , Becker A. B. , Mandhane P. J. , Turvey S. E. , Sears M. R. ,   the CHILD Study investigators
Published: November 2017

Background

While allergic sensitization and atopic dermatitis (AD) are known to increase the risk for allergic diseases, the impact of different temporal and clinical patterns of sensitization and AD is less well defined.

Objective

We investigated patterns of sensitization and AD from early infancy to age 3, and the differential risk of developing allergic diseases within each pattern in a general cohort.

Methods

Children (n = 2629) from the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) Study underwent skin prick tests and were assessed clinically for AD at ages 1 and 3 years. We applied an unsupervised latent class analysis (LCA) to the following 5 factors at these ages: AD, food sensitization, inhalant sensitization, poly‐sensitization to foods and poly‐sensitization to inhalants. The risks for developing asthma, allergic rhinitis and food allergy at 3 years were evaluated for each identified group.

Results

Five distinct classes were revealed by LCA: healthy (81.8%), atopic dermatitis (7.6%), inhalant sensitization (3.5%), transient sensitization (4.1%) and persistent sensitization (3.2%). Using healthy children as the baseline, children in the “atopic dermatitis” group had the next lowest risk for all allergic outcomes at 3 years; those in the “inhalant sensitization” group had the highest risk for allergic rhinitis; children in the “transient sensitization” group were at an increased risk for food allergy; while children in the “persistent sensitization” group had the highest risk for all allergic diseases.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance

There is substantial heterogeneity among allergen‐sensitized children. Researchers and clinicians need to be aware of the non‐specificity associated with labelling children simply as “atopic” and “non‐atopic” without considering the timing of their atopic history, type of sensitization and AD status. Children with AD who were poly‐sensitized to foods at an early age appear to be at greatest risk of developing other allergic diseases.
Anti‐Müllerian hormone measurement for the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Sathyapalan Thozhukat , Al‐Qaissi Ahmed , Kilpatrick Eric S. , Dargham Soha R. , Atkin Stephen L.
Published: November 2017

Objective

Anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) is derived from the small antral follicles, and an elevated level has been suggested to add value to the Rotterdam criteria for the diagnosis of PCOS in cases of diagnostic uncertainty. Therefore, the role of AMH in the classical phenotype of PCOS was defined within a Caucasian population.

Design

This was a cross‐sectional study.

Patients

Sixty Five women without PCOS and 110 women with PCOS fulfilling all 3 diagnostic Rotterdam criteria.

Measurements

The main outcomes were the utility of serum AMH for the diagnosis of PCOS and its relationship to the metabolic parameters.

Results

Anti‐Müllerian hormone was increased in PCOS compared to controls (P < .001). Areas under the receiver operator curve showed AMH to be predictive of PCOS (0.76) using a cut‐off AMH of 46 pmol/L, which is derived from the 95th percentile of the controls that gave a 41% sensitivity and 86% specificity; an AMH cut‐off of 35 pmol/L gave a 55% sensitivity and 79% specificity. Age‐ and BMI‐adjusted multiple logistic regression showed that AMH was more predictive of PCOS independently of either serum testosterone (T) (OR = 4.04; 95% CI 1.42‐11.11; P = .007) or free androgen index (FAI) (OR = 3.90; 95% CI 1.40‐10.83; P = .009).

Conclusion

Whilst an elevated AMH has poor sensitivity, it is fourfold more likely to be associated with a diagnosis of PCOS, and supplementary to biochemical parameters will make a positive diagnosis of PCOS in 22% of patients when neither serum testosterone nor FAI is elevated.
Advances in chronic cerebral circulation insufficiency
Authors: Zhou Da , Meng Ran , Li Si‐Jie , Ya Jing‐Yuan , Ding Jia‐Yue , Shang Shu‐Ling , Ding Yu‐Chuan , Ji Xun‐Ming
Published: November 2017

Chronic cerebral circulation insufficiency (CCCI) may not be an independent disease; rather, it is a pervasive state of long‐term cerebral blood flow insufficiency caused by a variety of etiologies, and considered to be associated with either occurrence or recurrence of ischemic stroke, vascular cognitive impairment, and development of vascular dementia, resulting in disability and mortality worldwide. This review summarizes the features and recent progress ofCCCI, mainly focusing on epidemiology, experimental research, pathophysiology, etiology, clinical manifestations, imaging presentation, diagnosis, and potential therapeutic regimens. Some research directions are briefly discussed as well.
REMOVING THE “VEIL OF IGNORANCE”: NONLINEARITIES IN EDUCATION EFFECTS ON GENDER WAGE INEQUALITIES
Authors: Mohapatra Sandeep , Wichmann Bruno , Marcoul Philippe
Published: November 2017

A large literature studies the mean gender wage gap in developing countries and finds mixed evidence about the role of education policies in closing gender earnings inequalities. We contribute to this literature by exploring two types of nonlinearities in wage earning regressions: (1) nonlinearities on the effects of education on expected earnings along the distribution of education endowments; and (2) heterogeneities on the contributions of education to the gender wage gap at different quantiles of the wage distribution. Our analyses provide new insights on how these nonlinear effects can be used to set up better targeted gender and development policies. (JEL I26, C14)
Heart rate variability and implication for sport concussion
Authors: Bishop Scott A. , Dech Ryan T. , Guzik Przemyslaw , Neary J. Patrick
Published: November 2017

Finding sensitive and specific markers for sports‐related concussion is both challenging and clinically important. Such biomarkers might be helpful in the management of patients with concussion (i.e. diagnosis, monitoring and risk prediction). Among many parameters, blood flow–pressure metrics and heart rate variability (HRV) have been used to gauge concussion outcomes. Reports on the relation betweenHRVand both acute and prolonged concussion recovery are conflicting. While some authors report on differences in the low‐frequency (LF) component ofHRVduring postural manipulations and postexercise conditions, others observe no significant differences in variousHRVmeasures. Despite the early success of using theHRV LFfor concussion recovery, the interpretation of theLFis debated. Recent research suggests theLFpower is a net effect of several intrinsic modulatory factors from both sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system, vagally mediated baroreflex and even some respiratory influences at lower respiratory rate. There are only a few well‐controlled concussion studies that specifically examine the contribution of the autonomic nervous system branches withHRVfor concussion management. This study reviews the most recentHRV– concussion literature and the underlyingHRVphysiology. It also highlights cerebral blood flow studies related to concussion and the importance of multimodal assessment of various biological signals. It is hoped that a better understanding of the physiology behindHRVmight generate cost‐effective, repeatable and reliable protocols, all of which will improve the interpretation ofHRVthroughout concussion recovery.
Stanley Kubrick in the Museum: Post‐cinematic Conditions, Limitations, and Possibilities
Authors: Kim Jihoon
Published: November 2017

This paper contextualizes the Stanley Kubrick exhibition, a worldwide exhibition tour program dedicated to showcasing the complete oeuvre of the filmmaker Stanley Kubrick, within ‘post‐cinematic’ conditions. Since the mid‐1990s, the formal and experiential components of the cinema in the 20th century have increasingly become displaced from the traditional apparatus and site and ‘relocated’ within new technological and institutional platforms, and museums have become one of those new sites for content consumption. The paper discusses both the limitations and possibilities of the exhibition as it is considered to represent the migration of cinema into the art museum context as one salient phenomenon of post‐cinematic conditions. The Kubrick exhibition is explored to uncover the underlying tensions of the ‘exhibition of cinema’ as a key trend of major international museums, between the movie theater as black box and the art museum's exhibition space as white cube. It considers the difference between these two institutional platforms and their conceptions of objecthood, artifact and the temporal economy of the viewing experience. The author argues that this event succeeds in realizing the possibilities for revivifying three constants of cinema: film auteur, cinematic apparatus, and intermediality. The ambivalence demonstrates that while the museum's exhibition of cinema inevitably removes some of its ontological essences, it also preserves and revivifies others.
Location Determinants of China's Outward Foreign Direct Investment
Authors: Yao Shujie , Zhang Fan , Wang Pan , Luo Dan
Published: November 2017

Compared to inward foreign direct investment, outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) from China is a relatively new phenomenon. However, the volume of China's OFDI increased rapidly from 2004. There has been an increasing amount of literature on the motivations of China's OFDI, but few studies have focused on its location determinants. The present paper aims to fill this gap in the literature by focusing on two important location factors, natural resources and technology, which are the most important determinants of China's OFDI. We use a large panel dataset comprising 132 countries over the period 1991–2009 and the Tobit as well as the Heckman models to establish the relationship between the two location factors and China's OFDI. The empirical results suggest that although China's OFDI has been driven by the country's desire for a secure supply of natural resources and to attain advanced technology from the developed world, China's technology is also a critical attraction for the host developing economies.
China's Path to Overcoming the Double Middle‐income Traps
Authors: Li Peilin
Published: November 2017

China is at a crucial stage of overcoming the middle‐income trap, with the factors that drive economic growth having undergone significant changes, and domestic consumption playing a more important role in economic growth. It is necessary, at this point, to promote mass consumption by expanding the middle‐income group. The present paper puts forward the concept of the “double middle‐income traps.” This refers to the situation in which an economy's per capita output stagnates and the size of the middle‐income group is unable to expand for an extended period of time. These two factors are closely related. Based on data from the Chinese Social Survey conducted by the Institute of Sociology at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the present paper analyzes the scale and development of middle‐income groups, and the relationship among middle‐income groups, the middle‐class and middle‐class identity. The marginal consumption propensities of middle‐income groups are also considered. The findings of the paper indicate that the expansion of the middle‐income group plays an important role in promoting mass consumption, maintaining continuous and stable economic growth, and overcoming the double middle‐income traps.
Psychometric properties of parent and child reported sleep assessment tools in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review
Authors: Bautista Manuel , Whittingham Koa , Edwards Priya , Boyd Roslyn N
Published: November 2017

Aim

To determine whether any parent and child report sleep measure tools have been validated in children aged 0–18 years with cerebral palsy (CP).

Method

A systematic search of five databases was performed up to June 2017. Studies were included if a sleep measure tool was used to evaluate sleep in children 0–18 years with CP based on international classifications of sleep. Sleep measures were assessed for psychometric data in children with CP.

Results

Only one paper which used the Schlaffragebogen für Kinder mit Neurologischen und Anderen Komplexen Erkrankungen (SNAKE) questionnaire met the study criteria. The four other measures frequently used in children with CP had no psychometric data available for their use in children with CP. The SNAKE questionnaire has been validated only in children with CP in Gross Motor Function Classification System level V. The Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children and the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire had the strongest psychometric properties in typically developing children, but has not yet been validated in children with CP.

Interpretation

Current sleep measures being administered in typically developing children are also often used in children with CP, but have not been well validated in this group of children.

What this paper adds

There are no condition specific measures of sleep in children with cerebral palsy (CP).

The Schlaffragebogen für Kinder mit Neurologischen und Anderen Komplexen Erkrankungen (SNAKE) questionnaire is validated for children with CP in Gross Motor Function Classification System level V.

A framework to design a CP specific sleep questionnaire is provided.
Violent behaviour in early psychosis patients: Can we identify clinical risk profiles?
Authors: Moulin Valerie , Palix Julie , Golay Philippe , Dumais Alexandre , Gholamrezaee Mohammad Mehdi , Azzola Agathe , Baumann Philipp S. , Alameda Luis , Conus Philippe
Published: November 2017

Aims

The objective of this study is to explore, within a sample of early psychosis patients (EPP), if subgroups regarding rate of violent behaviour (VB) against others can be identified on the basis of dynamic risk factors (treatment modifiable characteristics).

Methods

In a sample of 265 EPP, treated at the Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program in Lausanne, we conducted a latent‐class analysis on the basis of the main dynamic VB risk factors (substance use disorder [SUD], positive symptoms, insight, and impulsivity). VB were restricted to “serious violence” and were assessed through patients self‐report, interview with relatives or forensic services and with a standardized instrument.

Results

The analysis confirmed the heterogeneity of the sample regarding rate of VB. Patients could be stratified within 4 subgroups, 3 of which were at increased risk of VB. The two groups with the highest rates of VB displayed specific clinical profiles. The first one was characterized by high levels of impulsivity, hostility, positive symptoms and SUD, and the second, by low level of insight and low social functioning. These patterns suggest that significant difficulties in social interaction may contribute to the emergence of aggressive reactions against others.

Conclusions

Identification of EPP at increased risk of VB seems possible on the basis of dynamic risk factors. If confirmed prospectively, this could pave the way to the development of preventive strategies and specific interventions.
Detection of adverse drug reactions: evaluation of an automatic data processing applied in oncology performed in the French Diagnosis Related Groups database
Authors: Quillet Alexandre , Colin Olivier , Bourgeois Nicolas , Favrelière Sylvie , Ferru Aurélie , Boinot Laurence , Lafay‐Chebassier Claire , Perault‐Pochat Marie‐Christine
Published: November 2017

The aim of this study was to assess an automated detection method of serious adverse reactions induced by oral targeted therapy (OTT) in patients with cancer, performed in the French Diagnosis Related Groups (DRG) database. Patients with cancer of the Poitiers hospital who started an OTT between 2014 and 2015 were included. This study focused on adverse drug reaction which required inpatient hospitalization (ADRh). All diagnoses coded in the DRG database for hospital stays that occurred within 3 months after OTT initiation were collected (potential ADRh). Filters (exclusion criteria) were automatically applied on potential ADRh to exclude diagnoses that were not adverse drug reactions (false positives). A pharmacovigilance review was carried out to identify ADRh in the medical records (reported ADRh). The sensitivity and specificity of the detection method were estimated for each filter combinations by comparison between potential and reported ADRh. This study included 129 patients. The medical records review led to identify 19 ADRh (all coded in the DRG database) in 14 patients. To maintain a 100% sensitivity of the method detection, the best specificity obtained was 58.3% (95% IC: [55.2–61.4]).The use of restrictive filters (‘drug’ in the diagnostic label, specific diagnosis code for adverse cancer drug reaction) resulted in a 97.8% specificity (95% IC: [96.6–98.5]) with a 38.2% sensitivity (95% IC: [23.9–55.0]). Our method has detected the third of ADRh with an excellent specificity. Complementary experimentations in pharmacovigilance centers are necessary to evaluate the interest of this tool in routine in addition to spontaneous reporting.
Psychological correlates of fear of falling: Findings from the German Aging Survey
Authors: Hajek André , Bock Jens‐Oliver , König Hans‐Helmut
Published: November 2017

Aim

The aim of the present study was to identify general psychological factors related to fear of falling.

Methods

Data drawn from national probability sampling of the German population aged ≥40 years were used (German Aging Survey; n = 7779). The fear of falling and the psychological factors of loneliness, life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect, optimism, self‐efficacy, self‐esteem, self‐regulation and perceived stress were collected in self‐administered questionnaires. Multiple logistic regression models controlling for sociodemographic, lifestyle and health‐related variables were used to determine the psychological correlates of fear of falling.

Results

The prevalence of fear of falling was 18% for all individuals. All psychological factors showed strong bivariate associations with fear of falling. In the multiple regression analyses, higher levels of loneliness, lower life satisfaction, lower positive affect and higher negative affect, as well as lower levels of optimism, self‐efficacy, self‐esteem, self‐regulation and more perceived stress, were associated with increased fear of falling after controlling for sociodemographic factors, various lifestyle factors and morbidity.

Conclusions

The psychological factors considered in the present study are important for characterizing people with fear of falling. Because effective interventions to treat the fear of falling are available, our study might help to address this target group more accurately. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 396–406.
Nutritional profiles of three genotypes of sugarcane silage associated with calcium oxide
Authors: Romão Claudio Oliveira , de Carvalho Gleidson Giordano Pinto , Tosto Manuela Silva Libânio , Santos Stefanie Alvarenga , Pires Aureliano José Vieira , Maranhão Camila Maida Albuquerque , Rufino Luana Marta de Almeida , Correia George Soares , de Oliveira Paulo Andrade
Published: November 2017

The objective of this study was to evaluate, based on chemical composition and in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility, silages of different sugarcane genotypes after exposure to different doses of calcium oxide (CaO) and to identify that most appropriate dose for use in ruminant feed. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized 3 × 4 factorial arrangement with three sugarcane genotypes (‘IAC‐862480’, ‘SP‐791011’ and ‘CTC‐3’) and four levels of the additive CaO (0, 15, 30 and 45 g kg−1). A quadratic effect was observed (P < 0.05) for DM content in the silages of genotypes ‘SP‐791011’ and ‘CTC‐3’. The organic matter content of genotypes ‘SP‐791011’ and ‘CTC‐3’ showed a negative linear effect that was associated with the addition of CaO, which promoted an increase in the mineral matter (MM) content in the silages. There was no effect (P > 0.05) of genotype or an interaction effect between genotype and CaO level on crude protein content in the silages. There was an interaction effect (P < 0.05) between genotype and CaO level on the level of neutral detergent fiber in the studied silages and the development of this interaction revealed a linear decrease in neutral detergent fiber in genotype IAC‐86280 and a quadratic effect (P < 0.05) for genotypes ‘SP‐791011’ and ‘CTC‐3’. Potentially degradable DM (pdDM) values showed a positive quadratic function with maxima at 34.8 g kg−1 CaO. The results obtained for potentially degradable neutral detergent fiber (pdNDF) showed that there was a negative linear effect for genotype ‘SP‐791011’ and a quadratic effect with the maximum critical point for genotypes ‘IAC‐862480’ and ‘CTC‐3’. Total DM losses decreased with levels of CaO. All genotypes evaluated showed potential for silage production. The addition of CaO in the ensiling of sugarcane at up to 45 g kg−1 reduces gas and effluent losses and increases the DM recovery of the silages.
Influences of leguminous tree species, Albizia julibrissin Durazz. on growth and feed component characteristics of cool‐season grass, Dactylis glomerata L. beneath the canopy in Japan's temperate zone
Authors: Fukuda Eiki
Published: November 2017

To evaluate the capacity of the deciduous leguminous tree, Albizia julibrissin Durazz. as a fertilizing or shading tree for cool‐season grasses, I investigated its effects on the quantitative and qualitative growth performance of Dactylis glomerata L. from germinated seedlings to adult plants, and on the changes in vegetation under no fertilization conditions in Japan's temperate zone. Height, yield and nutritional contents of D. glomerata beneath and beyond the canopies were compared over 4 years. The plant height and dry matter yield were higher beneath the canopy than beyond the canopy for both the first and the second crops. The nutrient differences between the two locations were larger for the second crop than the first crop. Total digestible nutrients (TDN) and crude protein (CP) were higher beneath the canopy and fibrous components were conversely higher beyond the canopy for the second crop. The TDN yield and CP yield were higher beneath the canopy for both the crops. Weed invasion was suppressed beneath the canopy. These results suggest that the growth of D. glomerata was promoted beneath the canopy of A. julibrissin and that the environment beneath the canopy was more suitable for the cool‐season grass D. glomerata in Japan's hot summers. This is the first demonstration showing the possibility of sustainable grassland production using the deciduous leguminous tree, A. julibrissin and D. glomerata in the cool temperate zone.
Preparation of calcium aluminate cement by combustion synthesis and application for corundum‐based castables
Authors: Yang Shoulei , Xiao Guoqing , Ding Donghai , Ren Yun , Lv Lihua , Yang Pan
Published: November 2017

Calcium aluminate cement was prepared by combustion synthesis with CaO2, Al, and Al2O3as raw materials. The effects of CaO/Al2O3(C/A) molar ratios in raw materials on the phase compositions and morphologies of calcium aluminate were investigated in detail. It was found that when the C/A reduced from 1.1 to 0.74, the content of CaO·2Al2O3(CA2) in products increased, whereas contents of CaO·Al2O3(CA) and 12CaO·7Al2O3(C12A7) decreased; when the C/A was 0.8, the phase composition of product (CS71) was equal to that of Secar71. Additionally, the crystallines ofCAandCA2in the product were reduced when the C/A molar ratio was decreased. And then, the bulk density, apparent porosity, permanent linear change, cold crushing strength (CCS), and cold modulus of rupture (CMOR) of the corundum‐based castables bonded withCS71, Secar7 were compared. The castables bonded withCS71 demonstrate obviously improvedCCS,CMOR, and volume stability.
Effect of heat treatment of rye flour on rye‐wheat steamed bread quality
Authors: Gao Qing , Liu Chong , Zheng Xueling
Published: November 2017

To study the effect of heat treatment on rye flour quality, rye flour was treated by steaming, high temperature and high pressure (HTHP) and extrusion and then the pasting properties of rye flour and rye‐wheat blend, the dough rheological and steamed bread (respectively, fermented by yeast and Chinese traditional starter – Laomian) making properties of rye‐wheat blend were investigated. All three kinds of heat treatment increased the viscosity of rye flour, with the peak viscosity value followed the order 1744 cP (by steaming) >823.5 cP (by HTHP) >669 cP (by extrusion) > 626.5 cP (untreated). Dough and gluten made from mRFh (HTHP‐treated rye flour and wheat flour blend) had higher storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″), which contributed to better extensibility and deformation capability. Steamed bread fermented by Laomian (LSB) made by mRFh had larger specific volume (2.26 mL g−1), lower hardness (3510.93 g) and higher sensory scores (82.63), comparable to the quality of control samples, indicating the feasibility of adding rye flour into wheat flour for healthy product development without compromising the taste and texture.
Phenolic composition, antioxidant and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities of Chinese sumac (Rhus chinensis Mill.) fruits extracted by different solvents and interaction between myricetin‐3‐O‐rhamnoside and quercetin‐3‐O‐rhamnoside
Authors: Zhang Chengting , Ma Yanli , Zhao Yingxin , Hong Yaoqin , Cai Shengbao , Pang Mingjie
Published: November 2017

This work was designed to investigate the phenolic composition, antioxidant and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities of Rhus chinensis Mill. fruits extracted by different solvents, and to illustrate which major phenolic compounds were responsible for lipase inhibition and to evaluate their interactions. Results showed that R. chinensis Mill. fruits were rich in phenolics, which included 13 types identified and quantified by UHPLC‐ESI‐HRMS/MS. Among the identified phenolics, myricetin‐3‐O‐rhamnoside and quercetin‐3‐O‐rhamnoside were the most dominant detected in all extracts. Extracts with 80% methanol, 80% ethanol and 80% acetone exhibited strong antioxidant and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities in vitro, and these activities were positively correlated with phenolic contents. Myricetin‐3‐O‐rhamnoside and quercetin‐3‐O‐ rhamnoside demonstrated good lipase inhibitory activities in a dose‐dependent manner and synergistically inhibited lipase. This work may provide insights into the potential uses of R. chinensis Mill. fruits in food and nutraceutical industries.
Accelerometer‐Measured Physical Activity and Mortality in Women Aged 63 to 99
Authors: LaMonte Michael J. , Buchner David M. , Rillamas‐Sun Eileen , Di Chongzhi , Evenson Kelley R. , Bellettiere John , Lewis Cora E. , Lee I‐Min , Tinker Lesly F. , Seguin Rebecca , Zaslovsky Oleg , Eaton Charles B. , Stefanick Marcia L. , LaCroix Andrea Z.
Published: November 2017

Objectives

To prospectively examine associations between accelerometer‐measured physical activity (PA) and mortality in older women, with an emphasis on light‐intensity PA.

Design

Prospective cohort study with baseline data collection between March 2012 and April 2014.

Setting

Women's Health Initiative cohort in the United States.

Participants

Community‐dwelling women aged 63 to 99 (N = 6,382).

Measurements

Minutes per day of usual PA measured using hip‐worn triaxial accelerometers, physical functioning measured using the Short Physical Performance Battery, mortality follow‐up for a mean 3.1 years through September 2016 (450 deaths).

Results

When adjusted for accelerometer wear time, age, race‐ethnicity, education, smoking, alcohol, self‐rated health, and comorbidities, relative risks (95% confidence intervals) for all‐cause mortality across PA tertiles were 1.00 (referent), 0.86 (0.69, 1.08), 0.80 (0.62, 1.03) trend P = .07, for low light; 1.00, 0.57 (0.45, 0.71), 0.47 (0.35, 0.61) trend P < .001, for high light; and, 1.00, 0.63 (0.50, 0.79), 0.42 (0.30, 0.57) trend P < .001, for moderate‐to‐vigorous PA (MVPA). Associations remained significant for high light‐intensity PA and MVPA (P < .001) after further adjustment for physical function. Each 30‐min/d increment in light‐intensity (low and high combined) PA and MVPA was associated, on average, with multivariable relative risk reductions of 12% and 39%, respectively (P < .01). After further simultaneous adjusting for light intensity and MVPA, the inverse associations remained significant (light‐intensity PA: RR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.89–0.97; MVPA: RR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.58–0.78). These relative risks did not differ between subgroups for age or race and ethnicity (interaction, P ≥ .14, all).

Conclusion

When measured using accelerometers, light‐intensity and MVPA are associated with lower mortality in older women. These findings suggest that replacing sedentary time with light‐intensity PA is a public health strategy that could benefit an aging society and warrants further investigation.
The Role of Oil Price Shocks in Causing U.S. Recessions
Authors: KILIAN LUTZ , VIGFUSSON ROBERT J.
Published: November 2017

Although oil price shocks have long been viewed as one of the leading candidates for explaining U.S. recessions, surprisingly little is known about the extent to which oil price shocks explain recessions. We provide a formal analysis of this question with special attention to the possible role of net oil price increases in amplifying the transmission of oil price shocks. We quantify the conditional effect of oil price shocks in the net oil price increase model for all episodes of net oil price increases since the mid‐1970s, analyze its determinants, and show that the linear model fits the data better.
The Passthrough of Labor Costs to Price Inflation
Authors: PENEVA EKATERINA V. , RUDD JEREMY B.
Published: November 2017

We use a time‐varying parameter/stochastic volatility VAR framework to assess how the passthrough of labor costs to price inflation has evolved over time in U.S. data. We find little evidence that independent movements in labor costs have had a material effect on price inflation in recent years, even for compensation measures where some degree of passthrough to prices still appears to be present. Our results cast doubt on explanations of recent inflation behavior that appeal to such mechanisms as downward nominal wage rigidity or a differential contribution of long‐term and short‐term unemployed workers to wage and price pressures.
Asymmetric Preferences and the Stability Problem for Optimal Monetary Policy Rules
Authors: IKEDA TARO
Published: November 2017

This paper evaluates the stability properties of optimal monetary policy rules when professionals under adaptive learning have asymmetric preferences. The asymmetric preferences require volatility estimates in real time. An expectations‐based rule can stabilize the economy, while a fundamentals‐based rule leads to instability.
Uterine cervical adenocarcinoma associated with lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia: Radiologic–pathologic correlation
Authors: Ohya Ayumi , Asaka Shiho , Fujinaga Yasunari , Kadoya Masumi
Published: November 2017

Aim

We aimed to identify the radiologic features of uterine cervical adenocarcinoma associated with lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia (LEGH).

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed magnetic resonance (MR) images and pathologic findings of eight patients who underwent preoperative MR imaging followed by surgical resection and who were pathologically diagnosed with adenocarcinoma (except for adenocarcinoma in situ) associated with LEGH. We assessed the following MR findings: multicystic component (MC), solid component (SC), signal intensity of SC on diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map, and radiological stage (r‐stage) based on the FIGO classification. A pathologist reevaluated the pathological stage (p‐stage) according to the FIGO classification. We correlated the MR findings with the pathologic features.

Results

Eight patients were classified into the following three types based on the MR findings: type A, MC and SC; type B, only SC; and type C, only MC. In the five patients with type A, diffusion restriction (DR) was seen on DWI and the ADC map. In 80% of type A cases, the r‐stage matched the p‐stage. In the one patient with type B, DR was not seen on DWI or the ADC map, and the r‐stage matched the p‐stage. In the remaining type C cases, DR was not seen on DWI or the ADC map, and the r‐stage was underestimated compared with the p‐stage.

Conclusion

On MR imaging, the most common type of adenocarcinoma with LEGH is type A; type C is difficult to diagnose as carcinoma.
Longitudinal Change in Adolescents’ Prosocial Behavior Toward Strangers, Friends, and Family
Authors: Padilla‐Walker Laura M. , Carlo Gustavo , Memmott‐Elison Madison K.
Published: November 2017

There is little understanding about how prosocial behavior toward different targets might change over time, and what might promote initial levels and age‐related changes in prosocial behavior. Thus, this study examined longitudinal change in prosocial behavior toward strangers, friends, and family from early adolescence through the transition to adulthood. Participants included 500 adolescents from the United States (age 12 to age 20; 52% female, 65% European American). Latent growth curve models suggested that prosocial behavior toward strangers increased across early to mid‐adolescence and then flattened out during the transition to adulthood, prosocial behavior toward friends increased steadily, and prosocial behavior toward family was relatively stable across adolescence and then increased. Predictors of initial levels and growth in prosocial behavior varied by target.
Behavioral outcomes of a novel, pelvic nerve damage rat model of fecal incontinence
Authors: Janssen P. T. J. , Breukink S. O. , Melenhorst J. , Stassen L. P. S. , Bouvy N. D. , Temel Y. , Jahanshahi A.
Published: November 2017

Background

Fecal incontinence (FI) has a multifactorial pathophysiology with a severe social impact. The most common cause for FI is pudendal nerve damage, which mostly occurs in women during or after labor. A better understanding of the pathophysiology is required to optimize treatment of FI. In this study, we evaluate the use of a novel pelvic nerve damage rat model of FI.

Methods

This new model simulates the forces on the pelvic floor during labor by prolonged transvaginal, retro‐uterine intrapelvic balloon distention in female rats. Number of fecal pellets produced per day and defecation pattern was compared between the experimental and control group for 2 weeks. The cages of the rats were divided in food, nesting and latrine areas to evaluate changes in defecation pattern. The FI Index (FII) was calculated to assess the ratio of fecal pellets between the non‐latrine areas and the total number of pellets. A higher score represents more random distribution of feces outside the latrine area.

Results

Total number of fecal pellets was higher in the experimental group as compared with the controls. In both groups most fecal pellets were deposited in the nesting area, which is closest to the food area. The experimental group deposited more fecal pellets in the latrine area and had a lower FII indicating less random distribution of feces outside the latrine area.

Conclusion

Transvaginal, retro‐uterine intrapelvic balloon distention is a safe and feasible animal model simulating the human physiologic impact of labor by downwards pressure on the pelvic floor.
Are pollinators the agents of selection on flower colour and size in irises?
Authors: Souto‐Vilarós Daniel , Vuleta Ana , Jovanović Sanja Manitašević , Budečević Sanja , Wang Hui , Sapir Yuval , Imbert Eric
Published: November 2017

Plant–pollinator interactions are believed to play a major role in the evolution of floral traits. Flower colour and flower size are important for attracting pollinators, directly influencing reproduction, and thus expected to be under pollinator‐mediated selection. Pollinator‐mediated selection is also proposed to play a role in maintaining flower colour polymorphism within populations. However, pigment concentrations, and thus flower colour, are also under selective pressures independent of pollinators. We quantified phenotypic pollinator‐mediated selection on flower colour and size in two colour polymorphic Iris species. Using female fitness, we estimated phenotypic selection on flower colour and size, and tested for pollinator‐mediated selection by comparing selection gradients between flowers open to natural pollination and supplementary pollinated flowers. In both species, we found evidence for pollen limitation, which set the base for pollinator‐mediated selection. In the colour dimorphic Iris lutescens, while pigment concentration and flower size were found to be under selection, this was independent of pollinators. For the polymorphic Iris pumila, pigment concentration is under selective pressure by pollinators, but only for one colour morph. Our results suggest that pollinators are not the main agents of selection on floral traits in these irises, as opposed to the accepted paradigm on floral evolution. This study provides an opposing example to the largely‐accepted theory that pollinators are the major agent of selection on floral traits.
Fibroadipose vascular anomaly treated with sirolimus: Successful outcome in two patients
Authors: Erickson Jonathan , McAuliffe William , Blennerhassett Lewis , Halbert Anne
Published: November 2017

Fibroadipose vascular anomaly (FAVA) is a rare, complex mesenchymal malformation combining fibrofatty replacement of the affected muscles and slow‐flow vascular malformation. The condition is characterized by localized swelling, severe pain, phlebectasia, and contracture of the affected limb. Treatment paradigms are not well established for this rare, recently recognized condition. We report two cases of FAVA in which treatment with sirolimus produced rapid, dramatic improvement in pain and quality of life.
LncRNA RP11‐670E13.6 Regulates Cell Cycle Progression in UVB Damaged Human Dermal Fibroblasts
Authors: Li Mengna , Li Li , Zhang Xiaofeng , Yan Yan , Wang Baoxi
Published: November 2017

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have gained extensive attention in recent years, however, their effects on ultraviolet (UV) radiation‐induced skin photodamage remain to be elucidated. In this study, we performed high‐throughput RNA sequencing and comprehensive bioinformatics analyses to characterize the transcriptome profiles including lncRNAs and mRNAs in UVB‐irradiated primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and to explore the roles of lncRNAs in photoaging. Quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction amplification was performed to verify the differentially expressed genes. We subsequently found that knocking down of RP11‐670E13.6, an up‐regulated lncRNA in UVB‐irradiated HDFs, promoted a robust senescence phenotype, including increased numbers of the senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase‐positive cells, decreased cell proliferation, accumulation of cells in G0/G1 phase and a characteristic gene expression signature of senescent cells. In addition, Western blot analysis showed that knocking down of RP11‐670E13.6 activated the p16‐pRB senescence pathway independent of the p53‐p21 pathway. Therefore, we propose that RP11‐670E13.6 may delay cellular senescence in UVB damaged HDFs through the p16‐pRB pathway.