bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A modified urinary catheterisation technique to reduce urine leakage: A prospective randomised study
Authors: Jia Limin , Lin Yulian , Qian Weiyang , Yang Guihong , Zhang Chenguang , Fu Xin , Feng Jing , Wang Lihua , Zhu Hong , Fan Lili , Chen Xiaoyun
Published: July 2021

Background

Long‐term indwelling catheters assist people who are unable to use another bladder management method. However, urine leakage is a common problem with an indwelling urinary catheter. This study aims to determine whether a modified catheterisation technique would reduce urine leakage incidence.

Methods

Participants were randomly divided into conventional or modified catheterisation groups. In the modified technique group, the volume of fluid that needed to be injected into the balloon to obtain a suitable catheter front‐end curvature (120–145°) was measured before catheterisation. Baseline characteristics and first‐time success rates and procedure durations were similar between groups.

Results

There were 30 patients in each group. Compared with conventional catheterisation, the modified catheterisation group had smaller residual urine volume (median 11 mL Vs. 30.5 mL, p<0.001) and more leakage‐free days (30 days Vs. 10 days, p<0.001). Leakage‐free survival was longer in the modified catheterisation group (p<0.001). The residual urine volume (>17 vs ≤17 ml (median); incident rate ratio (IRR), 28.710; 95%CI, 4.114–200.331; p=0.001) was independently associated with urine leakage.

Conclusions

The modified catheterisation technique may reduce the incidence of urine leakage.
Pediatric emergency healthcare utilization during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Tokyo
Authors: Yamamoto Hiroo , Morikawa Yoshihiko , Hagiwara Yusuke , Hataya Hiroshi
Published: July 2021

Background

Various public health interventions have been implemented against the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. We investigated changes in pediatric emergency healthcare utilization during the current pandemic.

Methods

Based on data on outpatient healthcare visits to one pediatric emergency department in Tokyo, Japan, the descriptive, cross‐sectional study compared the number of emergency department visits in 2020 to the number in the previous 3 years. Data were extracted from the electronic triage reporting system. The primary outcome was the number of emergency department visits. The characteristics of patients by age group were also investigated.

Results

A 40.6% reduction in pediatric emergency healthcare utilization was observed during the study period, with the greatest decrease occurring in the number of visits for fever. However, while the number of patients with a complaint with an exogenous cause decreased, the proportion of these patients increased. Although social activities in the greater community have now almost normalized, and only a slight increase in the number of patients with fever has been reported, the number of emergency department visits remains lower than in previous years as of this writing.

Conclusions

Public health interventions led to a reduction in emergency department visits, thereby allowing time to redistribute health‐care resources.
Pulmonary vascular involvement in COVID‐19 pneumonitis: Is this the first and final insult?
Authors: Price Laura Claire , Ridge Carole , Wells Athol U.
Published: July 2021

See related article
The classical Neumann problem for a class of mixed Hessian equations
Authors: Chen Chuanqiang , Chen Li , Mei Xinqun , Xiang Ni
Published: July 2021

In this paper, weestablish global estimates for a class of mixed Hessian equations with the Neumann boundary condition and obtain the existence theorem of ‐admissible solutions for the classical Neumann problem of these mixed Hessian equations.
Cytomegalovirus nephritis in kidney transplant recipients: Epidemiology and outcomes of an uncommon diagnosis
Authors: Swanson Kurtis J. , Djamali Arjang , Jorgenson Margaret R. , Misch Elizabeth Ann , Ghaffar Adil , Zhong Weixiong , Aziz Fahad , Garg Neetika , Mohamed Maha , Mandelbrot Didier , Parajuli Sandesh
Published: July 2021

Background

Data on epidemiology and outcomes of cytomegalovirus (CMV) nephritis in kidney transplant patients are limited due to the rarity of this condition.

Methods

A retrospective review of all kidney transplant recipients (KTR) (n = 6490) and biopsy‐proven CMV nephritis between 1/1997 and 12/2020 was performed.

Results

The prevalence of CMV nephritis was low: 13/6490 (0.2%). The diagnosis was made at a median of 7.0 months (range 2.6–15.6 months) after transplant. 6 of 13 (46%) patients were CMV (D+/R−). Median CMV DNA load at biopsy was 376,000, IU/mL (range 87,000–6,460,000 IU/mL). Main biopsy features were CMV glomerulitis (n = 7/13, 54%) followed by CMV tubulointerstitial nephritis (6/13; 46%). Mean eGFR at biopsy (22.7 ± 12 mL/min/1.73 m2) was significantly decreased compared to baseline eGFR (38.7 ± 18.5 mL/min/1.73 m2, p = 0.02). The vast majority, 11 of 13 (85%), experienced graft failure including 5 of 13 (38%) death‐censored. 5 of 13 (38%) patients were diagnosed with acute rejection: three had concurrent acute rejection, and two had rejection within 3 months of index biopsy, respectively. Patients with tubulointerstitial CMV nephritis were significantly more likely to have rejection at the time of biopsy (50% vs. 0%, p < 0.05) compared to those with glomerular CMV nephritis. There were no significant differences between these groups in terms of eGFR at all time points, death, graft failure, immunosuppression changes or rejection after biopsy.

Conclusion

CMV nephritis is rare but appears to be associated with poor patient/allograft outcomes. Early identification and timely treatment of CMV infection may prevent end‐organ involvement and improve patient and allograft‐related outcomes.
Clinical effectiveness of COVID‐19 vaccination in solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Aslam Saima , Adler Eric , Mekeel Kristin , Little Susan J.
Published: July 2021

Goal

We aimed to assess the incidence rate of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in vaccinated versus unvaccinated solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) at our center.

Methods

We abstracted the following clinical data from our transplant registry from 1/1/2021 to 6/2/2021: demographics, details of COVID‐19 vaccination, incidence of COVID‐19, and related mortality. We calculated incidence of symptomatic COVID‐19 per 1000/person days at risk and incidence rate ratio (IRR).

Results

Among 2151 SOTRs, 912 were fully vaccinated, and 1239 were controls (1151 unvaccinated, 88 partially vaccinated). Almost 70% of vaccinated subjects received the mRNA‐1273 vaccine. There were 65 cases of COVID‐19 that occurred during the study period – four occurred among fully vaccinated individuals and 61 among controls (including two in partially vaccinated individuals). Incidence rate for COVID‐19 was 0.065 (95% CI 0.024–0.17) per 1000 person days in vaccinated versus 0.34 (95% CI 0.26–0.44) per 1000/person days in the control group; IRR was 0.19 (95% CI 0.049 −0.503, p < 0.005). There were no COVID‐19 related deaths in the four breakthrough infections and two of 61 (3.3%) among controls.

Conclusion

We demonstrate real world clinical effectiveness of COVID‐19 vaccination in SOTRs with an almost 80% reduction in the incidence of symptomatic COVID‐19 versus unvaccinated SOTRs during the same time.
Navigating through chemical space and evolutionary time across the Australian continent in plant genus Eremophila
Authors: Gericke Oliver , Fowler Rachael M. , Heskes Allison M. , Bayly Michael J. , Semple Susan J. , Ndi Chi P. , Stærk Dan , Løland Claus J. , Murphy Daniel J. , Buirchell Bevan J. , Møller Birger Lindberg
Published: July 2021

Eremophila is the largest genus in the plant tribe Myoporeae (Scrophulariaceae) and exhibits incredible morphological diversity across the Australian continent. The Australian Aboriginal Peoples recognize many Eremophila species as important sources of traditional medicine, the most frequently used plant parts being the leaves. Recent phylogenetic studies have revealed complex evolutionary relationships between Eremophila and related genera in the tribe. Unique and structurally diverse metabolites, particularly diterpenoids, are also a feature of plants in this group. To assess the full dimension of the chemical space of the tribe Myoporeae, we investigated the metabolite diversity in a chemo‐evolutionary framework applying a combination of molecular phylogenetic and state‐of‐the‐art computational metabolomics tools to build a dataset involving leaf samples from a total of 291 specimens of Eremophila and allied genera. The chemo‐evolutionary relationships are expounded into a systematic context by integration of information about leaf morphology (resin and hairiness), environmental factors (pollination and geographical distribution), and medicinal properties (traditional medicinal uses and antibacterial studies), augmenting our understanding of complex interactions in biological systems.
Comparative evaluation of clinical findings and prognostic outcome parameters in hospitalized, critically ill neonatal foals and crias
Authors: Bedenice Daniela , Avila Bailey , Paradis Mary Rose
Published: July 2021

Objective

Species‐related differences in the prevalence, manifestation, and outcome of neonatal illness may impact management practices of neonatal intensive care. The study aimed to elucidate similarities between disease manifestations and mortality risks of critically ill (CI) neonatal crias and foals admitted to the same referral center.

Design

A comparative, retrospective cohort evaluation of two species (camelid and equine).

Setting

The study was conducted in a University hospital.

Animals

Two hundred and forty‐six CI neonatal crias (January 1999 to May 2016) and 356 neonatal foals (February 2001 to May 2016) under 4‐week‐old were admitted to a university hospital.

Intervention

All data are presented descriptively and compared between groups using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Measurements and Main Results

Female crias (142/246, 57.7%) were significantly overrepresented in comparison to fillies (132/352, 37.5%). Congenital defects and transfer failure of passive immunity were more often observed in neonatal crias, while colic, diarrhea, patent urachus, septic arthritis, and omphalitis were significantly more common in CI foals. Overall survival to discharge (excluding fatal congenital defects) was comparable between crias (174/224; 77.8%) and foals (287/347, 82.1%), while crias (26/48; 54.2%) were more likely than foals (21/60; 35%) to die naturally than undergo euthanasia. Lower respiratory disease and indications for oxygen or IV glucose support increased mortality in the multivariate outcome models of both species. Species‐specific adaptations of pediatric diagnostic criteria for sepsis were significantly associated with mortality in the multivariate analysis of patients with complete hematological datasets. However, the diagnosis of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) did not retain statistical significance as an independent outcome predictor.

Conclusions

Lower respiratory disease and oxygen or glucose dysregulation increased mortality irrespective of species. However, despite species‐specific differences in disease prevalence, the success of intensive care management was comparable.
Sistema multimídia educacional para o ensino de geociências: uma estratégia atual para a divulgação da paleontologia no ensino fundamental e médio
Authors: Reis Márcia Aparecida Fernandes dos , Carvalho Carlos Vitor de Alencar , Carvalho Janaína Veiga , Rodrigues Maria Antonieta da Conceição , Medeiros Marco André Malmann , Villena Hélio Heringer , Oliveira Fernanda Marini de , Dornelas Viviane Rezende
Published: July 2021

The knowledge and diffusion of palaeontology concepts is of extreme importance for a more complete understanding of biological, geological and environmental aspects. However, it is well-known that didactic resources are still necessary to their diffusion and to stimulate the interest of first degree students. In order to develop strategies allowing the transference of palaeontological knowledge in a more dynamic and attractive manner, an educational CD-ROM about the São José de Itaboraí Basin, in the Rio de Janeiro State, South-Eastern Brazil has been elaborated and is presented here. It is the first major project aimed at the diffusion of palaeontology, through the presentation of the main fossil-related Basins of Brazil, using computing resources applied to education. This multimedia system contains geological and palaeontological information about the São José de Itaboraí Basin, using texts, fossil pictures and their present representatives, maps, outline drawings, references, glossary, palaeoenvironmental reconstitutions and fixation exercises. This didactic resource shall provide college (future teachers) and first degree students and teachers with a dynamic resource to complete and improve their knowledge about geology and palaeontology. This CD-ROM is an important virtual tool for the diffusion of the scientific and cultural importance of the São José de Itaboraí Basin to pupils at local schools, stimulating the preservation of this important natural monument of the Rio de Janeiro State.
Genomic view on origin of foraminifera and their relationships with other amoeboid protists
Authors: Burki Fabien , Pawlowski Jan
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Molecular evolution of the foraminiferal SSU rDNA: prospects and pitfalls
Authors: Grimm Guido W. , Sprenger Dennis , Hemleben Christoph , Hemleben Vera
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The impact of orbitally forced upwelling on Oligocene planktic foraminifera Î´13C and abundances
Authors: Wade Bridget S. , Berggren William A. , Olsson Richard K.
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Late Eocene evolution of Spiroclypeus in Europe
Authors: Less Gy¶rgy , Ã–zcan Ercan
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Evolution of western Tethyan involute Heterostegina from late Bartonian to the end-Priabonian
Authors: Less Gy¶rgy , Ã–zcan Ercan , Papazzoni Cesare A. , Stockar Rudolf
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Intraspecific variation in recent populations of Globigerinoides ruber from the eastern Indian Ocean: evidence from test morphology and geochemistry
Authors: Sadekov Aleksey Yu , Eggins Stephen M. , Deckker Patrick De
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A 3-stage pollution identification system with an example of final stage decimation
Authors: Hayek Lee-Ann C. , Buzas Martin A.
Published: July 2021

Abstract
San Francisco Bay foraminifera: what have natural and human changes wrought on them?
Authors: Lesen Amy , Sloan Doris , Lipps Jere H.
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Foraminiferal assemblage from estuarine deposits of the Iguape Bay, Bahia Brazil
Authors: Machado Altair De Jesus , Andrade Edilma De Jesus , Carvalho José Bites De
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Diversity of rDNA in Chilostomella: molecular differentiation patterns and putative hermit types
Authors: Hemleben Vera , Grimm Guido W. , Kitazato Hiroshi , Hemleben Christoph
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Paleocene/Eocene boundary event: inferences from the benthic foraminiferal turnover
Authors: Alegret Laia , Ortiz Silvia
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Maastrichtian-Paleocene deposition in the Paraíba basin, NE Brazil
Authors: Barbosa José Antonio , Keller Gerta , Adatte Thierry , Neumann Virgínio Henrique , Lima Filho Mário
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Foraminiferal, ostracode and radiolarian biostratigraphy of the Campanian-Maastrichtian and K/P boundary of synorogenic basins of Cuba
Authors: Collell María Lizette Díaz
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Small benthic foraminifera extinction and turnover across the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary in a low latitude marine bathyal environment (e.g. Melah section: Tunisia)
Authors: Gallala Njoud , Zaghbib-Turki Dalila
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Foraminiferal turnover at the Eocene-Oligocene boundary in Tanzania and Java
Authors: Pearson Paul N. , Mcmillan Ian K. , Wade Bridget S. , Coxall Helen K.
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Annual shifts in inter-tidal foraminiferal diversity in the west coast of India
Authors: Devi Gadi Subhadra , Rajashekhar K. P.
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Quaternary deep-sea benthic foraminifera from the southeast Pacific Ocean: distribution and dominance
Authors: Gavriloff Igor J.C.
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Benthic foraminiferal response to natural and man-made eutrophicationin the oligotrophic southeast Mediterranean shelf
Authors: Hyams Orit , Almogi-Labin Ahuva , Benjamini Chaim , Herut Barak
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Spatial and temporal distribution of benthic foraminiferal faunas in the Bay Biscay
Authors: Jorissen Frans J. , Fontanier C. , Duchemin G. , Hess S. , Langenzaal S. , Griveaud C. , Barras C. , Hohenegger J. , Anschutz P.
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Major features of protistan evolution: controversies, problems and a few answers
Authors: Lipps Jere H
Published: July 2021

The major features of protist evolution are fraught with controversies, problems and few answers, especially in early Earth history. In general they are based on molecular data and fossil evidence that respectively provide a scaffold and details of eukaryotic phylogenetic and ecologic histories. 1. Their origin, inferred from molecular sequences, occurred very early (>;3Ga). They are a chimera of different symbiont-derived organelles, including possibly the nucleus. 2. The initial diversification of eukaryotes may have occurred early in geologic time. Six supergroups exist today, each with fossils known from the Proterozoic and Phanerozoic. 3. Sex, considered an important development, may have been inherited from bacteria. 4. Precambrian protists were largely pelagic cyst-bearing taxa, but benthic forms were probably quite diverse and abundant. 5. Protists gave rise to animals long before 600 Ma through the choanoflagellates, for which no fossil record exists. 6. Acritarchs and skeletonized protists radiated in the Cambrian (544-530 my). From then on, they radiated and became extinct at all the major events recorded in the metazoan fossil record. 7. Protists dominated major environments (shelves and reefs) starting with a significant radiation in the Ordovician, followed by extinctions and other radiations until most died out at the end of the Permian. 8. In the Mesozoic, new planktic protozoa and algae appeared and radiated in pelagic environments. 9. Modern protists are important at all trophic levels in the oceans and a huge number terrestrial, parasitic and symbiotic protists must have existed for much of geologic time as well. 10. The future of protists is likely in jeopardy, just like most reefal, benthic, and planktic metazoans. An urgent need to understand the role of protists in modern threatened oceans should be addressed soon.
Bipolar distribution of deep-sea benthic foraminifera
Authors: Pawlowski Jan , Lecroq B. , Longet D. , Fahrni J. , Gooday A. , Cornelius N. , Cedhagen T.
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Towards an integrated stratigraphy of the Gramame Formation (Maastrichtian), CIPASA quarry, Pernambuco-Paraíba Basin, NE Brazil
Authors: Lima Francisco Henrique de Oliveira , Koutsoukos Eduardo A. M
Published: July 2021

This study presents the integrated biostratigraphic (calcareous nannofossils and foraminifera), petrographic, geochemical and ichnological analyzes of the Gramame Formation (Maastrichtian) at the CIPASA Quarry section, in the Pernambuco-Paraíba Basin, northeastern Brazil. A high resolution calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphic study has been carried out, allowing to subdivide the studied section into three subzones of Maastrichtian age: CC25A, CC25B, and CC25C. Each biostratigraphic unit was further characterized by petrographic, geochemical and ichnological parameters. During the Maastrichtian the area was characterized by a dry and warm climate with low influx of terrigenous sediments. These conditions were fundamental to the widespread development of a carbonate ramp system in an outer neritic to bathyal setting, with deposition of alternating calcareous mudstones and argillaceous mudstones of the Gramame Formation. The Gramame Formation belongs to the transgressive system tract of second-order type, characteristic of a Passive Margin Sequence. The studied section consists of part of a third order deposicional cycle, which is arranged in a transgressive systems tract and a highstand systems tract. The lowstand systems tract was not characterized.
Modelagem do transporte de SO2 gerado em plataformas de produção da Bacia de Campos: RJ no período de inverno através do modelo OCD
Authors: Souza Lúcio Silva de , Landau Luiz , Pimentel Luiz Cláudio Gomes
Published: July 2021

This work presents the implementation of a low cost computing system for the forecast of the atmospheric pollutant dispersion generated in petroleum platforms in Campos Basin - RJ. A mesoscale meteorological model was used to complement the necessary meteorological database for the use of the dispersion model. To this meteorological model, a series of statistical tests were applied seeking to compare the behavior of the model face to the monitored data available. The results indicated that the meteorological model represented satisfactorily the wind field on the area and that the values foreseen for the concentration of pollutant SO2 were always below the effective patterns however, they indicated that there is transport of pollutant from producing units to the continent.
Tafonomia de foraminíferos bentônicos em sedimentos siliciclásticos e carbonáticos
Authors: Cardoso Mariana Nunes , Senra Maria Célia Elias
Published: July 2021

Biological, physical and chemical features work on the bioclasts, which react specifically under diverse environmental conditions. As consequence of the environment stress, the taphonomic signature on foraminiferal tests provides significant paleocological information. This study aims to compare taphonomic properties on foraminiferal tests from carbonate (lagoa Pitanguinha) and siliciclastic (Reserva Tauá) settings. On Reserva Tauá-Pântano da Malhada where identified 10 species and on lagoa Pitanguinha 9, that reveal low diversity. Hyaline and porcelaneous tests occur in carbonate deposits, while in the siliciclastic occurs only the hyaline one. The fragmentation was significant to both depositional environments, the dissolution was faintly higher on the siliciclastic and cyanobacterial microbioerosion was found exclusively on the carbonate. Ammonia tepida shows a high frequency, possessing great rates of bioerosion, fragmentation and dissolution.
Extinção e o registro fóssil
Authors: Câmara Ibsen De Gusmão
Published: July 2021

The extinctions and their relationships with the biological evolution allow the changes in the biota patterns through the geological time. In this study is presented a synthesis of the extinction events registered in the paleontological data and their importance to the evolutionary processes.
Relação entre o Multivariate Enso Index (MEI) e a TSM das regiões dos Niños com a precipitação em regiões homogêneas do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Lopes Fábio Ziemann , Diniz Gilberto Barbosa , Marques Júlio Renato
Published: July 2021

On Rio Grande do Sul the seasons of the year are well defined being felt, in its peculiar characteristics, in the winter, in the spring, in the summer and in the autumn. The pluviometric regime is quite regular and the precipitations are well distributed during all the year on the State. The Multivariate Enso Index (MEI) lacks of a study about its relations with the precipitation. It is a numeric index that integrates the action of different factors that characterize the phenomenon and that oscilate between positive values for the warm phase, the El Niño, and negative values for the cold phase, the La Niña. It considers, in its composition, the following variables: sea level pressure, zonal and meridional wind components at the surface, the Sea Surface Temperature (SST), the air temperature at the surface and a cloudiness indicator. This work had the objective to study the relations between the MEI and the SST of the Niño regions with the precipitations on Rio Grande do Sul State. For this, it were utilized total monthly data of precipitation from 40 meteorological stations of Rio Grande do Sul, bimonthly data of MEI and SST of the Niño regions for the period 1950 to 2002. The correlation coefficients between the precipitation of the Rio Grande Do Sul with the MEI and the regions of the Niños showed low values due to the fact of if using only the months of the beginning and end of the event. The MEI, although to be a more complex index of the methodologic point of view, it does not improve the coefficients of correlation with the precipitation of the State of the Rio Grande do Sul, and it always presents lesser or equal values to obtained when using the TSM of the regions of the Niños in the out/nov and nov/dez coupled of months. The MEI and the Niños regions 3 and 3.4 present the highest correlation coefficient with the Rio Grande do Sul State precipitation for the bimonths oct/nov and nov/dec.
Cianobactérias psâmicas em sedimentos marginais da lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Authors: Magina Fernanda C , Silva Loreine Hermida da Silva e
Published: July 2021

The Rodrigo de Freitas lagoon is a brackish aquatic body, lies within the coordinates 22º57'02"- 22º52'09" S and 43º11'09" -43º13'03" W, in the Rio de Janeiro State. The psammic cyanobacteria live in the surface of the sediment and between the clastic grains, mainly quartz. The objective of the present study was identification of the psammic cyanobacteria found in the marginal portion of the lagoon and the determination of physical -chemical parameters (dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperature of the water and sediment and pH) in the places of sampling of the psammic cianobacteria. Sampling during the year of 2007 had been carried through, in the period of ebb tide of the lagoon, where five sample stations had been established. The taxonomic analisys was made with fresh and permanent slides, through optic microscope mensuration, that allowed to observe its classic morphological characteristics. The families Chroococcaceae Nägeli 1849 and Synechococcaceae Komárek & Anagnostidis 1995 is most frequent, for 41% and 18,2% respectively of the joined species. The other observed families presented the following percentages: Phormidiaceae Anagnostidis & Komárek 1988 with 13,4%; Entophysalidaceae Geitler 1925; Schizothrichaecae Anagnostidis & Komárek 1988; Oscillatoriaceae former (Harvey) Kirchener 1898 and Nostocaceae Kutzing 1943 each one with 4,5%
Geologia estrutural das pedreiras de rochas ornamentais no distrito Mineiro de Santo Antônio de Pádua, SE do Brasil
Authors: Dayan Henrique , Valença Joel Gomes
Published: July 2021

The mining district of Santo Antonio de Pádua is responsible for the greatest concentration of mining activity (except for oil offshore exploration) in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Two different lithotypes of dimension stones are quarried along two particular fault zones that are part of major splay of faults which branch off Rio Paraíba do Sul Shear Zone. The quarried dimension stones are two homogeneous orthogneisses that were emplaced in a transcurrent transpressive regime. We present here a possible explanation for the genesis of those rocks.
O gnaisse facoidal: a mais carioca das rochas
Authors: Mansur Kátia Leite , Carvalho Ismar Souza , Delphim Carlos Fernando Moura , Barroso Emilio Velloso
Published: July 2021

The city of Rio de Janeiro is known by its natural beauties. The mountains and the sea make the city the postcard of Brazil. The sculpture of the carioca landscape is closely related to the augen gneiss, very resistant rock to the weathering and, for this reason, it stands out in the relief. It gives form for Sugar Loaf and Corcovado, for example. Augen gneiss was used in the construction of most of the historical buildings of the city, including museums and churches, many of them were built in the 19th century. It was used in the sculpture of ornaments, facades and frames of doors and windows. The exploitation of the augen gneiss was presented by Jean Baptiste Debret in his book "Voyage Pittoresque et Historique au Brésil". A picture of quarry is presented at Morro da Glória and describes the extraction method by slave labor. He informes that the augen gneiss is softer, less expensive and more easily exploited. It was destined, mainly, to the parts of the buildings that should be sculpted. This rock is still present in an important event of the history of the brazilian arts. Pedra do Sal, a stairway sculpted in the augen gneiss Downtown, was the place that African people met in the past to tell their histories, to do religious cults and to sing. In these meetings in Pedra do Sal samba was born
Mapeamento geoecológico da susceptibilidade à ocorrência de incêndios no maciço da Pedra Branca, município do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Coura Pedro Henrique Ferreira , Sousa Gustavo Mota de , Fernandes Manoel Do Couto
Published: July 2021

The city of Rio de Janeiro has two different relief compartments, the coastal massives and flood plain areas. One of these is the Pedra Branca massif, with 197.27 KmÂ², situated in the western part of the municipality, between 22º 55' and 23º 05' S and 43º 20'and 43º 40' W. Pedra Branca has suffered forest fires frequently over its history, which is one of the main actors of its changing landuse. The aim of this paper is to develop a susceptibility map of fires occurrence in the Pedra Branca massif / RJ, using a geoecological approach. For this purpose, several layers of functional and structures as shape in 1:10.000 scale, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), aspect, geomorphology and solar radiation was introduced through an analytical-integrative approach. All maps were 1:10.000 catastral maps from Pereira Passos Institute - IPP. The landuse was interpreted from 18 orthophotos in the same scale. Two geoecological susceptibility maps of fire, which show the susceptibility areas to fire occurrence in the Pedra Branca Massif have been generated. These maps were validated from the analysis of two burned areas identified, where the best adjusted map recognizes 93.8% of areas to fire. The susceptibility map developed presents susceptible fires areas and is expected to be used in strategic planning to combat wildfires.
Uma revisão: contribuições dos modos de gravidade e de Kelvin para a resposta do movimento vertical
Authors: Buchmann Julio
Published: July 2021

In earlier papers of a series of real data integrations of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Climate Model (CCM) with tropical heat anomalies display regions of pronounced subsidence and drying located several thousand kilometers westward poleward of the heating for cases of tropical Atlantic heating and tropical east Pacific heating. This highly predictable sinking response is established within the first five days of these integrations. The normal-modes of a set of nonlinear primitive equations for an atmosphere: Adiabatic, hydrostatic, incompressible, dry, without friction and viscosity are linearized about a basic state at rest and used to partition model response into gravity-inertia and Rossby modes. The emphasis of this review is given upon the contributions of the gravity and Kelvin modes for the vertical motion response.
Biodisponibilidade da Matéria Orgânica dos Sedimentos Superficiais da Baía de Guanabara, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Authors: Silva Frederico Sobrinho , Bitencourt José Augusto Pires , Savergnini Fernanda , Guerra Leandro Viana , Baptista-Neto José Antônio , Crapez Mirian Araújo Carlos
Published: July 2021

Thirty superficial sediment samples were collected in Guanabara Bay in order to identify new trophic state and environmental quality descriptors for coastal systems. A biochemical approach was used for analyzing the quality and quantity of sedimentary organic matter and metabolic bacterial activity. The samples were analyzed for particle size; organic matter, protein, carbohydrate, lipid, biopolymeric carbon, and bioavailable carbon levels; and bacterial metabolic activity. The results show a homogeneous spatial distribution for the anaerobic bacteria web and for biopolymers (carbohydrates>;lipids>;protein). The NE area of the bay displayed sediment lipid levels above 1 mg/g, indicative of organic sewage input. Spatial distribution of the superficial sediments in relation to other variables was not significant (p>;0.05). Biopolymers and labile organic matter showed a significant correlation with the average particle size of 80% of the fine particles. Despite the availability of labile organic matter, under the form of biopolymeric carbon, only 50% of the carbon was available to the trophic web. The bacterial consortia formed by sulfate reducing and denitrifying bacteria sustain the benthic trophic food web in Guanabara Bay.
Um Novo Espécime do Gênero Octodontobradys (Orophodontidae, Octodontobradyinae) do Mioceno Superior/Plioceno da Amazônia Sul-Ocidental, Brasil
Authors: Guilherme Edson , Bocquentin Jean , Porto Alice S.
Published: July 2021

This study presents an almost complete mandible of Octodontobradys sp. from the late Miocene-Pliocene of the Solimões Formation from a locality on the border between Brazil and Bolivia, in southwestern Amazonia. The two almost complete mandibular rami, together with fragments of fossils from other taxa, were found on the left bank of the Abunã River, upriver from the town of Plácido de Castro, in the Brazilian state of Acre. The form of the symphyseal region of the mandible, and the elongated and bilobated outline of the alveoli of the m2-3-4 molariforms place the specimen clearly in the genus Octodontobradys. However, the new specimen differs from O. puruensis in (a) the anterior position of the posterior external aperture of the mandibular canal, and (b) the wider and more anteriorly inclined symphyseal region. The mandible described here represents the first specimen of the genus Octodontobradys found outside of the holotype locality, Talismã, in the Brazilian state of Amazonas and enabled us to emend the diagnoses of Subfamily Octodontobradyinae.
Análise de Polens para a Interpretação Paleoambiental de Sedimentos com 3520 anos A.P. na Baía de Guanabara, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Authors: Barth Ortrud Monika , Barreto Cintia Ferreira , Vilela Claudia Gutterres , Baptista-Neto José Antônio
Published: July 2021

The intention of the present investigation was to understand the dynamic of different types of vegetation that occurred in the Guanabara Bay region, Rio de Janeiro, during the recent Holocene, analyzing a sediment level of conventional 3520 À 50 years B.P. old, obtained in the Jurujuba sound. Palynological analysis of the sediment showed dominance of the Ombrophilous Forest, and plant taxa of the field vegetation were not frequent. Environment conditions were favorable to hygrophyte plant development. Similar dynamic of this transgressive sea level event was detected also in other coastal areas of the state of Rio de Janeiro, far from the Guanabara Bay.
Experimental Study and Mitigation of Pressure Drop Oscillation Using Active Control
Authors: Jin Qi , Wen John T. , Narayanan Shankar
Published: July 2021

Flow boiling in microchannel evaporators is widely recognized and promising for its compact structure, lower coolant usage, high heat transfer coefficient, ability to provide higher heat fluxes, and better temperature uniformity than single-phase liquid cooling. However, critical heat flux (CHF), local dry-outs, and flow instabilities can be significant roadblocks for practical implementation. Flow instabilities, like pressure drop oscillation, could lead to nonuniform wall temperature distribution, flow reversal, and local dryout, which can be detrimental to system performance. We conducted an experimental study of a vapor compression cycle incorporating a microchannel evaporator to investigate the role of evaporator design and various system parameters on the overall performance. These parameters include the expansion valve setting, the accumulator heat load, and the evaporator heat load. While the evaporator design, the testbed, and system parameters affect the system response in unique ways, flow instability can be explained based on the overall pressure drop occurring in the system and how it varies as a function of these factors. Based on the understanding gained from this experimental study, a dynamic control strategy was developed to stabilize the system facing transient heat loads. The system can successfully address transient evaporator heat loads with feedforward control, which would otherwise lead to pressure drop oscillation. We believe this study can be helpful in further development of active control techniques to achieve multiple objectives of maintaining fixed evaporator temperature, allowing higher cooling rates, avoiding CHF, and suppressing flow instabilities, even in the presence of transient heat loads.
Fatigue Damage Diagnostics of Composites Using Data Fusion and Data Augmentation With Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Dabetwar Shweta , Ekwaro-Osire Stephen , Dias João Paulo
Published: July 2021

Composite materials can be modified according to the requirements of applications, and hence, their applications are increasing significantly with time. Due to the complex nature of the aging of composites, it is equally challenging to establish structural health monitoring techniques. One of the most applied non-destructive techniques for this class of materials is using Lamb waves to quantify the damage. Another important advancement in damage detection is the application of deep neural networks. The data-driven methods have proven to be most efficient for damage detection in composites. For both of these advanced methods, the burning question always has been the requirement of data and quality of data. In this paper, these measurements were used to create a framework based on a deep neural network for efficient fault diagnostics. The research question developed for this paper was as follows: Can data fusion techniques used along with data augmentation improve the damage diagnostics using the convolutional neural network? The specific aims developed to answer this research question were: (1) highlighting the importance of data fusion methods, (2) underlining the importance of data augmentation techniques, (3) generalization abilities of the proposed framework, and (4) sensitivity of the size of the dataset. The results obtained through the analysis concluded that the artificial intelligence techniques along with the Lamb wave measurements can efficiently improve the fault diagnostics of complex materials such as composites.
In-Service Reliability Assessment of Turbine Blade Thermal Barrier Coatings Based on a Novel Cumulative Damage Index Model
Authors: Liu He , Sun Jianzhong , Lei Shiying
Published: July 2021

Thermal barrier coating (TBC) has been used widely on turbine blades to provide temperature and oxidation protection. With the turbine inlet temperature continuously increasing, TBCs have become more likely to oxide spallation, leading to premature failure of blade metal substrates. Thus, It is necessary to accurately evaluate the in-service reliability of TBCs for blade life assessment and engine operation safety. Nowadays, it is common to dynamically record aero-engine operating and performance data, called dynamic covariate data, which provides periodic snapshots for obtaining reliability information of engine components. Nevertheless, existing TBC life prediction models that pay adequate attention to dynamic covariate information are rare. This paper focuses on using limited failure samples with associated dynamic covariate data to make in-service reliability assessments of TBCs through a proposed cumulative damage index model. For the demonstration of the proposed approach, an integrated TBC life simulation approach has been introduced, which comprises engine performance, blade thermal, TBC damage, and damage accumulation models. The case study shows that the proposed cumulative damage index model-based method provides more stable and accurate results than the traditional statistical method based on failure-time data.
Incipient Surge Analysis in Time and Frequency Domain for Centrifugal Compressors
Authors: Silvestri Paolo , Marelli Silvia , Capobianco Massimo
Published: July 2021

The use of centrifugal compressors has been increasing tremendously in the last decade as they are a key component in the present energy scenario both in the modern internal combustion engine design and in advanced cycles and innovative plant layouts as fuel cell systems. Instability phenomena limit the operating range of the whole compressor system, especially during fast transients. The target is therefore to extend the minimum flow limit in order to improve the operability of each unit while avoiding compressor surge operation and guaranteeing safe operation. For this reason, it is necessary to develop a monitoring system capable of preventing surge and extending the operating range of these machines, their performance, and reliability to allow the integration with the other plant components. The experimental investigation carried out at the University of Genoa turbocharger test facility and presented in this work, consists of steady-state and transient measurements used to characterize and identify compressor behavior in correspondence of surge inception conditions to determine different techniques which could represent surge precursors. The data analysis concentrates on pressure and vibro-acoustic signals by applying different signal processing techniques in the time and frequency domain to classify compressor operation as stable or unstable. The cross correlation function and wavelet analysis have been identified as techniques to define a precursor able to detect incipient surge conditions. Through cross correlation function analysis, it has been possible to identify the presence of propagation phenomena in the system and to evaluate how these events become more significant near an unstable low-mass flow rate condition. At low mass flow rate condition, spikes of significant amplitude are well detectable in the cross correlation function indicating the rise of significant random content in the system responses associated with the rise of incipient surge condition. Additionally, the continuous wavelet transform has been applied to operational signals to show how their time-dependent spectral structure responses can highlight the rise of unstable phenomena, not easily identifiable with traditional signal processing techniques. Exploiting its features in terms of good frequency and time resolution allowed us to identify different contents in system responses regarding phenomena that take place close to surge line and were able to detect their nature in conditions very close to deep surge ones (e.g., rotating stall with its intermitting characteristic nature). Moreover, system response was studied in high frequency range and through a demodulation technique, it was found how blade passes frequency energy content change interacting with rotating stall inception, moving close to surge line. The obtained results provide an interesting diagnostic and predictive solution to detect compressor instabilities at low mass flow rate operating conditions and to prevent compressor fails.
What Do We Know About Motor Development of Preterm Children Without Major Neurological Damage and Disorder? A Narrative Review
Authors: Madelaine Charline , Benguigui Nicolas , Molina Michèle
Published: July 2021

This review addresses the question of a possible specificity of motor development of preterm children with no diagnosis of neurological impairment or major cerebral lesion. With that goal, we proceed with a narrative review on the basis of nine studies. All the studies used standardized assessments of motor abilities with a comparison methodology of preterm and full-term groups aged between 3 and 8 years. The review stresses three major findings in the preterm groups as compared with the full-term groups: (a) inferior fine motor abilities; (b) heterogeneity in motor skills; and (c) differences in efficiency of cognitive, perceptual, and mobilization of perceptual motor processes, which do not necessarily result in lower scores in global performances. These findings suggest the need of long-term medical follow-up for all preterm children whether or not they are at risk for neurodevelopmental disorder. Focusing attention on the use of sensory information for motor control in preterm children could also lead to more precise evaluations of motor abilities, which will then provide more detailed parameters for improved learning and rehabilitation programs.
Learning to Teach Again: What Professional Development Approach Matters?
Authors: Deng Anqi , Zhang Tan , Wang Yubing , Chen Ang
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Informed by the constructivist learning theory, the purpose of this study was to determine the impact of three continuing professional development (CPD) approaches on student learning in a healthful living physical education curriculum. Methods: Physical education teachers (n = 19) received one of the following CPD trainings: (a) Full Training, (b) Expedited Training, or (c) Self-Training. The effect of each CPD method was determined by tracking student learning (N = 3,418) with a two-level linear mixed model. Results: The results showed that Full Training CPD was able to generate the largest knowledge gain in both the Healthy Lifestyles Unit (β = 0.214, p < .001) and Cardio Fitness Club Unit (β = 0.184, p < .01) in comparison with the other two CPD approaches. Discussion: These findings advance our understanding of the role different CPD approaches play in enhancing student learning in the subjects of cardiorespiratory fitness and health lifestyles. Conclusions: The Full-Training CPD appears to benefit student learning the most followed by the Expedited-Training. The Self-Training would yield the least learning achievement.
Mars rover's sampling campaign begins
Authors: Voosen Paul
Published: July 2021

NASA hopes to return possible life-trapping mudstones
Horizontally transmitted parasitoid killing factor shapes insect defense to parasitoids
Authors: Gasmi Laila , Sieminska Edyta , Okuno Shohei , Ohta Rie , Coutu Cathy , Vatanparast Mohammad , Harris Stephanie , Baldwin Doug , Hegedus Dwayne D. , Theilmann David A. , Kida Aki , Kawabata Mio , Sagawa Shiori , Takatsuka Jun , Tateishi Ken , Watanabe Kazuyo , Inoue Maki N. , Kunimi Yasuhisa , Kim Yonggyun , Erlandson Martin A. , Herrero Salvador , Nakai Madoka
Published: July 2021

Protection from parasitism by a virus

Parasitoid wasps have developed myriad systems to overcome the defense mechanisms of their hosts as they lay their eggs in the bodies and eggs of targeted species. Gasmi
et al
. report how the host can fight back when infected by a virus that expresses a protein conferring resistance to the parasitoid. When members of the butterfly and moth family are targeted by wasps, a protein family has evolved that is horizontally carried by viruses—and sometimes is incorporated into the host genome—and impairs the ability of parasitoid offspring to fully develop and emerge. Characterizing the ability of this protein to protect hosts against specific parasites, the authors document an ongoing host-parasite evolutionary arms race. —LMZ