bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intonation on Bornholm - between Danish and Swedish
Authors: Grønnum Thorsen Nina
Published: October 2022

Acoustic investigations of seven speakers on the island of Bornholm and two speakers from Copenhagen, Malmö and Stockholm, respectively, have proved Bornholm to be an interesting compound, prosodically, between Standard Danish and Swedish. A prosodic continuum can be established from Standard Danish, via Skania, over Bornholm, to Standard Swedish. The parameters investigated are (1) manifestation of sentence accent, (2) manifestation of sentence intonation, (3) alignment of fundamental frequency with syllables and segments at the level of the prosodic stress group, and (4) final lengthening. One particularly interesting implication of the results is the division, both according to their function and their form, of sentence accents into (1) prosodically or syntactically determined final default accents and (2) contextually or pragmatically determined focal accents. Default accents are nonexistent in Standard Danish and Skanian, optional in Bornholm and obligatory in Stockholm. Focal accents are non-existent in Standard Danish, optional - but rather rare - in Skanian, optional - but rather frequent - in Bornholm and obligatory in Stockholm.
Elements Matter
Authors: Gabriel Leon , Hölscher Stefan , Schade Julia , Schmidt Ruth
Published: October 2022

This contribution takes into focus elements as scenes of thought in order to contest our colonial, anthropocentric and extractivist mo-dernity: fires of burning fossil fuels, waves of the open sea, shores as the landscape of islands, clouds in the sky and beyond. We sug-gest that these motifs bear the possibility to examine the problems of our present as well as to develop other, differing and new rela-tionalities.
Changing Gellerup Park
Authors: Eriksson Birgit , Nielsen Anne Mette W.
Published: October 2022

Some low-income social housing neighborhoods are undergoing radical transformations in Denmark.  Classified as “ghettos” and “parallel societies,” and marked by area-specific legislation, we identify a triple exposure in these neighborhoods. The residents are exposed to inequality, stigmatization, and discriminatory inter-ventions. Parallel to this, cultural policies and programs have ap-proached these same neighborhoods based on the assumption that they can be “elevated” through art. Drawing upon a broader re-search in art project in four social housing areas (Eriksson, Nielsen, Sørensen and Yates, 2022), this article focuses on Gellerup Park in Aarhus and considers how two site-specific art platforms address the site and time-specific conditions of the area, offering alterna-tive relations and forms of engagement.
The concept of the content and system of juvenile justice
Authors: Bababekova Dar'ya Aleksandrovna
Published: October 2022

In this article, the author analyzes approaches to the concept of "juvenile justice", examines the links of the juvenile justice system in the Russian Federation. In the Russian Federation, increased attention has always been paid to the rights and freedoms of minors, and the state takes special care of them and provides protection, including through legal regulation of this area of its activities. The article presents its own vision of the concept of the content and system of juvenile justice. In the scientific study, the author's vision of the juvenile justice system is proposed, the juvenile justice system in the modern period of the development of the Russian state should be understood in a broad sense, and its system should form three blocks (subsystems). At the same time: the jurisdictional subsystem is represented by juvenile courts, implementing criminal justice and proceedings on administrative offenses; the preventive subsystem (prevention) by the subjects of the system of prevention of offenses and crimes; the subsystem of resocialization (as a complex measures to work with minors to include them in a normal social environment and restore their positive personal properties and characteristics) – an extremely wide range of subjects, for example, authorized law enforcement officers and, above all, employees of internal affairs bodies, guardianship and guardianship authorities, teachers, psychologists, social workers, etc.
Beyond Climate Breakdown
Authors: Friederici Peter
Published: October 2022

The importance of telling new climate stories—stories that center the persistence of life itself, that embrace comedy and radical hope.

“How dare you?” asked teenage climate activist Greta Thunberg at the United Nations in 2019. How dare the world's leaders fiddle around the edges when the world is on fire? Why is society unable to grasp the enormity of climate change? In Beyond Climate Breakdown, Peter Friederici writes that the answer must come in the form of a story, and that our miscomprehension of the climate crisis comes about because we have been telling the wrong stories. These stories are pervasive; they come from long narrative traditions, sanctioned by capitalism, Hollywood, and social media, and they revolve around a myth: that the nation exists primarily as a setting for a certain kind of economic activity.

Stories are how we make sense of the world and our place in it. The story that “the economy” takes priority over everything else may seem foreordained, but, Friederici explains, actually reflect choices made by specific people out of self-interest. So we need new stories—stories that center the persistence of life, rather than of capitalism, stories that embrace contradiction and complexity. We can create new stories based on comedy and radical hope. Comedy never says no; hope sprouts like a flower in cracked concrete. These attitudes require a new way of thinking—an adaptive attitude toward life that slips the narrow yoke of definition.
Enterprise Strategy for Blockchain
Authors: Sarathy Ravi
Published: October 2022

How companies can gain strategic advantage by developing blockchain capabilities.

Blockchain is far more than cryptocurrency. Regarded for a decade as complex and with limited application, blockchain has now matured to be on the verge of fully realizing its disruptive potential. In Enterprise Strategy for Blockchain, business strategy expert Ravi Sarathy shows how companies can gain competitive advantage by developing and deploying blockchain capabilities. Sarathy explains what makes blockchain unique, including its capacities to eliminate intermediaries, guard against hackers, decentralize, and protect privacy. Presenting examples drawn from such sectors as finance, supply chains, computer services, consumer products, and entertainment, he describes how executives can strategically assess blockchain's applicability to their business.

After outlining blockchain's technological features—and its technological obstacles—Sarathy describes disruptive technologies already happening in the financial services market with the emergence of decentralized finance, or DeFi, arguing that a wave of innovation might be positioning DeFi as blockchain's “killer app.” He also explores, among many other uses, a blockchain application that addresses chronic supply chain problems, pilot blockchain programs aimed at facilitating cross-border payments, and the use of NFTs (non-fungible tokens) that allow digital art to be collected and traded. And he outlines a path for organizations that includes establishing a business case for applying blockchain, evaluating enterprise cost-benefits, and preparing the organization to develop the requisite knowledge and people skills while overcoming resistance to change.

Business leaders should invest, explore and experiment with blockchain now, positioning their organizations to be first in their fields, ahead of both rising startups and late-to-the game incumbent peers.
Sounding Bodies
Authors: Pesic Peter
Published: October 2022

The unfolding influence of music and sound on the fundamental structure of the biomedical sciences, from ancient times to the present.

Beginning in ancient Greece, Peter Pesic writes, music and sound significantly affected the development of the biomedical sciences. Physicians used rhythmical ratios to interpret the pulse, which inspired later efforts to record the pulse in musical notation. After 1700, biology and medicine took a “sonic turn,” viewing the body as a musical instrument, the rhythms and vibrations of which could guide therapeutic insight. In Sounding Bodies, Pesic traces the unfolding influence of music and sound on the fundamental structure of the biomedical sciences.

Pesic explains that music and sound provided the life sciences important tools for hearing, understanding, and influencing the rhythms of life. As medicine sought to go beyond the visible manifestations of illness, sound offered ways to access the hidden interiority of body and mind. Sonic interventions addressed the search for a new typology of mental illness, and practitioners used musical instruments to induce hypnotic states meant to cure both psychic and physical ailments. The study of bat echolocation led to the manifold clinical applications of ultrasound; such sonic devices as telephones and tuning forks were used to explore the functioning of the nerves.

Sounding Bodies follows Pesic's Music and the Making of Modern Science and Polyphonic Minds to complete a trilogy on the influence of music on the sciences. Enhanced digital editions of Sounding Bodies offer playable music and sound examples.
A single cell transcriptional roadmap of human pacemaker cell differentiation
Authors: Wiesinger Alexandra , Li Jiuru , Fokkert Lianne , Bakker Priscilla , Verkerk Arie O , Christoffels Vincent M , Boink Gerard JJ , Devalla Harsha D
Published: October 2022

Each heartbeat is triggered by the sinoatrial node (SAN), the primary pacemaker of the heart. Studies in animal models have revealed that pacemaker cells share a common progenitor with the (pro)epicardium, and that the pacemaker cardiomyocytes further diversify into ‘transitional’, ‘tail’, and ‘head’ subtypes. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms, especially of human pacemaker cell development, are poorly understood. Here, we performed single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and trajectory inference on human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) differentiating to SAN-like cardiomyocytes (SANCMs) to construct a roadmap of transcriptional changes and lineage decisions. In differentiated SANCM, we identified distinct clusters that closely resemble different subpopulations of the in vivo SAN. Moreover, the presence of a side population of proepicardial cells suggested their shared ontogeny with SANCM, as also reported in vivo. Our results demonstrate that the divergence of SANCM and proepicardial lineages is determined by WNT signaling. Furthermore, we uncovered roles for TGFβ and WNT signaling in the branching of transitional and head SANCM subtypes, respectively. These findings provide new insights into the molecular processes involved in human pacemaker cell differentiation, opening new avenues for complex disease modeling in vitro and inform approaches for cell therapy-based regeneration of the SAN.
The humour factor
Authors: Eiroa Matilde
Published: October 2022

This article analyses the social reaction to Francisco Franco’s exhumation from his burial place in the Valley of the Fallen at the end of 2019. This decision was taken by virtue of compliance with the so-called Historical Memory Law approved in 2007 and generated a great social debate. Apart from opinions in favour and against that decision coming from the political spectrum of the left and right, respectively, we observed a new attitude, that of humour, present in tweets and memes. By analyzing a collection of memes that circulated in Twitter and WhatsApp groups, our research shows that the new media have brought in content and symbolism that ridicule the late dictator, trivialise the treatment given to the “Caudillo” [Leader] of Spain for nearly four decades and contribute to an uninhibited interpretation of memory policies.
Giant Pleomorphic Adenoma of Parotid Gland: A Rare Cytological Diagnosis
Authors: . Satyajeet , Tewari Prerna , Sinha Ruchi , Ganesh R Abhirami
Published: October 2022

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common salivary gland neoplasm, which affects both major and minor salivary glands. It is also the most common neoplasm arising in the parotid. In minor salivary glands, it most commonly involves the palate and rarely involves the lips, cheek, and gingiva. It is also called Benign Mixed Tumour (BMT) since it is composed of a variable amount of epithelial and mesenchymal elements. Diagnostic modalities include Ultrasonography (USG), Computed Tomography (CT), and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). MRI provided the most precise structural information of the tumour as well as surrounding structures. A 60-year-old female presented with a massive right-sided infra-auricular swelling since 20 years. On Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT), a huge lobular exophytic lesion with thin enhancing septation and few calcific foci was visualised in the right parotid region. The Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) yielded the diagnosis of Pleomorphic Adenoma (PA). Giant PA with an indolent course is a rare entity in itself. This is a case of giant PA of the parotid gland growing insidiously over a period of 20 years
PANORAMA HISTÓRICO DA CONSTRUÇÃO DO CAMPO CONCEITUAL DA ESTEQUIOMETRIA:
Authors: Cedran Débora Piai , Cedran Jaime Da Costa , Kiouranis Neide Maria Michellan
Published: October 2022

O presente ensaio se deu a partir de estudos teóricos sobre a Teoria do Campos Conceituais, com o objetivo de discutir e apresentar a construção, em uma perspectiva histórica, do campo conceitual da estequiometria. Foram utilizadas fontes primárias e secundárias de autores que desenvolveram historicamente os conceitos relacionados à estequiometria, e os escritos de Vergnaud. Nesse contexto, o termo estequiometria foi proposto por Richter, em 1792, derivado da junção entre dois termos “stoicheion” e “metron”. Tal estudo se consolidou com vários trabalhos desenvolvidos à partir do final do século XVIII, como os ensaios de Lavoisier, a proposição do modelo atômico de Dalton, a hipótese de Avogadro, o sistema de notação química de Berzelius, além do conceito de mol de Ostwald. Estudar como esses conceitos foram construídos nos ajuda a entender como esse campo conceitual foi constituído, por meio de situações, hipóteses e representações que o compõem.
Captivity Induced Web Spinning of Plexippus petersi (Karsch,1878) (Jump/Zebra Spider) of Chennai, India
Authors: Sriram Padmavathi
Published: October 2022

Plexippus petersi, common jump/zebra spider of Chennai households, belongs to the family of Salticidae. Though spinning of a web is considered to be an inbuilt feature of almost all the spiders, certain spiders do not spin typical webs, and Plexippus petersi is one of them. The present study was undertaken, to investigate if this species of spiders can build a web when exposed to any sort of calamity. In this regard, male and female spiders were carefully handpicked, identified and maintained under laboratory condition for a period of four days. After the experimental period, the spiders were relived from captivity and were individually photographed.  During the experimental period, it was quite fascinating to observe that the female of this species, secreted silk threads from her abdominal glands, and were woven in to a sheet web. The silk of the web, was sticky in nature, white in color and was able to be molded in to long filamentous structure. This web spinning behavior was only observed in the female and not in male spiders. The results of this study precisely illustrate the fact that, when triggered under the pressure of a disaster,  the female spiders  can weave a web and evade any uncertainty  This amusing observational study, gives a deeper acumen not only about the behavioral aspect, but also explains, the probable success of these tiny arachnids,  in evolution which may be probably attributed to their jumping behavior and web building strategy  of  the females. The female spiders, seem to weave the web, not just for escape from predators, catching the prey, and    protection of egg cases  but also to  escape from adversaries at uncertain times.
Analysis of the Hive Yield of Three Species of Bees for Honey Production in Eastern Honduras
Authors: Mejía Fredy Torres , Mejía Juan Alexander Torres , Cruz Marcos Donaly Bautista , Licona Elvin Pérez
Published: October 2022

Objectives: The analysis of the performance of honey production hives of three species of honeybees was carried out.

Study Design: Three harvests per year of honey per hive of each species the first was on March-April, the second was on June-July, and the third was on November -December, with a sampling of ten hives per species, data were evaluated by ANOVA analysis, and Duncan mean separation test developed by SAS/STAT program.

Place and Duration of the Study: This research was developed in the department of Paraíso, municipality of Danlí, Honduras, Central America, in Cerro El Águila, latitude 13°56'59" N, and longitude 86°13'59" W, the sampling was carried out in 2020.

Methodology: The qualitative variables were evaluated for each species by In Situ observation that characterized the honeycombs of the three species, and the data were subjected to an analysis of variance and Duncan's mean separation, where the dependent variable is the average yield of Kg of honey/hive.

Results: According to the ANOVA, there are significant differences in: the harvest of the three species of bees (p<0.0001), for the three annual harvests (p=0.0024), and by hives (p<0.0001) and in the analysis of separation of means the three averages of honey yield observed are not homogeneous (P>0.05), the Apis mellifera produces 63.1 kg/hive-year,  the Tetragonisca angustula obtained an average of 0.679 kg / hive-year,  and Melipona beecheii obtained 13.19 kg/hive-year.

Conclusion: In the three species is observed that they have differences in the structures of the construction of their hives, their entrance, the construction of their cells, production and storage of honey and pollen, birth of queens, and method of defense; and when evaluating the average annual yield by species, by harvest, and by hives, is found that the three variables evaluated of bees are different averages of honey production.
An examination of the three districts in Algiers by Fernand Pouillon as Moorish architecture: Research on dwelling practice around the “bidonville (shantytown)” project in Algiers during the Late Colonial Period, Part 2
Authors: Matsubara Kosuke
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study is to clarify the planning achievements of the three districts of Algiers by Fernand Pouillon by critically examining their characteristics as the officially advocated “Moorish architecture.” Based on the conceptualization of “Moorish architecture,” the three districts are examined in terms of their official resources and, Pouillon's autobiography “Mémoire d'un architecte” which contains his concrete spatial philosophy and planning policy. As for planning analysis, based on various primary data, the plan of each district is modified to create a base map, and then photographs of each part are compared and analyzed item by item. As a result of this research, we found that his planning theory was conceived based on his thought, and it was reflected to a certain extent in the realized space. The view from the slopes affronted by the Mediterranean Sea was liberating. The stone as principal building material was massive, the spatial organization of the square, the colonnade, and the market were organized on a small scale, the water and the planting were well equipped, and the human‐scale space and the diversity of the district were assured.
Directed and Continuous Interfacial Channels for Optimized Ion Transport in Solid‐State Electrolytes
Authors: Wang Xu , Huang Sipeng , Guo Kang , Min Yulin , Xu Qunjie
Published: October 2022

The traditional strategy of using polymer solid electrolyte composite fillers is extremely limited by the continuity of the organic‐inorganic interface. Herein, a new composite electrolyte is fabricated, wherein alternating layers of organic polyethylene oxide (PEO) and inorganic molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) nanobelts are prepared and then the multilayer film is rolled and sliced into disks. Compared with a similar electrolyte prepared by disordered blending, the electrolyte here has a mesoscopic continuous organic‐inorganic interface perpendicular to the electrode direction. The ionic conductivity increases from 4.88 × 10−4 to 1.16 × 10−3 S cm−1. The “interfacial battery” can operate stably over >2000 charge–discharge cycles at 2 C (60 °C), and can withstand rapid charging–discharging, even at 10 C. Theoretical calculation results show that this unique assembly method essentially eliminates the energy band gap between the PEO and MoO3 interface, and promotes lithium ion (Li+) transport. In addition, the electronic interaction between the orbital of Mo and PEO extends the lattice structure of PEO, resulting in a reduction in the crystallinity, which further improves the battery performance. This study provides a composite electrolyte design that is different from blending and represents a new strategy for the development of low‐cost superionic conductors.
Passivating Defects of Perovskite Solar Cells with Functional Donor‐Acceptor–Donor Type Hole Transporting Materials
Authors: Daskeviciute‐Geguziene Sarune , Zhang Yi , Rakstys Kasparas , Xiao Chuanxiao , Xia Jianxing , Qiu Zhiheng , Daskeviciene Maryte , Paskevicius Tomas , Jankauskas Vygintas , Asiri Abdullah M. , Getautis Vytautas , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja
Published: October 2022

In this study, a series of donor–acceptor–donor (D‐A‐D) type small molecules based on the fluorene and diphenylethenyl enamine units, which are distinguished by different acceptors, as holetransporting materials (HTMs) for perovskite solar cells is presented. The incorporation of the malononitrile acceptor units is found to be beneficial for not only carrier transportation but also defects passivation via Pb–N interactions. The highest power conversion efficiency of over 22% is achieved on cells based on V1359, which is higher than that of spiro‐OMeTAD under identical conditions. This st shows that HTMs prepared via simplified synthetic routes are not only a low‐cost alternative to spiro‐OMeTAD but also outperform in efficiency and stability state‐of‐art materials obtained via expensive cross‐coupling methods.
Diameter‐Selective Density Enhancement of Horizontally Aligned Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Arrays by Temperature‐Mediated Method
Authors: Zhang Hongjie , Zhuge Wenhuai , Yang Feng , Kang Lixing , Zhang Shuchen , Du Ran , Qian Jinjie , Yang Zhi , Yao Yagang , Li Pan , Hu Yue , Zhang Jin
Published: October 2022

High‐density single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) arrays with specific diameters are pursued as potential building blocks in future nanoelectronic devices. The direct growth of SWNT arrays on the single‐crystal substrate has proved offering densely packing high‐quality SWNTs. However, further increase of SWNT density is limited by the deactivation of the catalyst nanoparticles during chemical vapor deposition process. Moreover, an increase of array density without any structure control of SWNTs would make the benefit effect very limited. Here, a temperature‐mediated method is proposed to achieve a high‐density SWNT array with a specific diameter via continual growth of SWNTs after reactivating poisoned catalysts with high carbon capacity and appropriate size. The density of obtained SWNT array on the quartz substrate is increased by more than three times, with diameter distribution controlled ≈2 nm. This approach paves the way for the integration of SWNTs into nanodevices.
High‐Performance Nanostructured Flexible Capacitor by Plasma‐Induced Low‐Temperature Atomic Layer Annealing
Authors: Lee Jaehyeong , Go Dohyun , Lee Useung , Lee Seunghyeon , Kim Keun Hoi , Shin Jeong Woo , Kim Hyein , Ok Jong G. , An Jihwan
Published: October 2022

Fabricating high‐quality thin films on a 3D structured polymer substrate is crucial in realizing high‐performance flexible electronics. Herein, simple yet effective twofold strategies are demonstrated to directly fabricate flexible thin film capacitors on polymer substrate: the crystallization of high‐k TiO2 film by plasma‐assisted atomic layer annealing at low temperature (80 °C) on nanostructured polycarbonate (PC) substrates fabricated by simple dynamic nanoinscribing (DNI) technique. Plasma‐induced amorphous‐to‐anatase phase transformation occurs in PEALD TiO2/ZrO2 bilayer thin films, resulting in the capacitance density increase by 30%. The DNI patterning of PC substrates in two directions further increases the surface area by 35% and the capacitance density by 37%, leading to the flexible capacitor of a record‐high capacitance density (24.2 nF mm−2) with mechanical stability.
Low‐Symmetry 2D Perovskite CaNb2O6 for Polarization‐Sensitive UV Photodetection
Authors: Qin Jing‐Kai , Xiao Hui , Zhu Cheng‐Yi , Zhen Liang , Xu Cheng‐Yan
Published: October 2022

Polarization‐sensitive photodetection in ultraviolet (UV) range has demonstrated broad applications in both military and civilian fields. As the key component of polarized UV photodetectors, semiconducting materials with wide bandgaps and intrinsic low‐symmetry are highly desired. Herein, perovskite calcium niobate (CaNb2O6) is re‐introduced to the family of two‐dimensional (2D) layered materials for UV‐polarized photodetection. Using a simple vapor phase epitaxy growth process, CaNb2O6 nanosheets are successfully synthesized, which can be scaled down to monolayers with thickness of about 0.8 nm. The anisotropic structural, vibrational, and optical properties of CaNb2O6 are systematically investigated. Photodetectors based on 2D CaNb2O6 present a large dichroic ratio of 2.1 at 375 nm light irradiation, exceeding most of reported UV photodetectors, and the large anisotropic ratio also contributes to a high‐resolution polarization imaging. This work demonstrates that the 2D CaNb2O6 has promising potential for developing next‐generation polarized UV detecting and imaging technology.
An early snapshot of plant–herbivore interactions: Psilophyton diakanthon sp. nov. from the Early Devonian of Gaspé (Quebec, Canada)
Authors: Colston Courtney M. , Landaw Kevin , Tomescu Alexandru M. F.
Published: October 2022

Premise

Trimerophytes are a plexus of early tracheophytes that form the base of the euphyllophyte clade and, thus, represent the link between the earliest land plants and modern‐day ferns, sphenophytes, and seed plants. As the best‐characterized trimerophyte, the genus Psilophyton occupies a key position in the euphyllophyte fossil record. We describe a new Psilophyton species that has implications for the evolution of plant–animal interactions.

Methods

The fossil material is preserved by permineralization in the Lower Devonian (Emsian) Battery Point Formation (Québec, Canada) and was studied in serial sections using the cellulose acetate peel technique.

Results

Psilophyton diakanthon sp. nov. differs from other Psilophyton species in possessing fibers that form a discontinuous layer in the inner cortex and two distinct types of spinescent emergences whose anatomy and morphology are consistent with roles in anti‐herbivore defense.

Conclusions

Psilophyton diakanthon adds another species to an already diverse genus. Its two morphologically distinct types of spinescence suggest that herbivory was rampant in plant–animal interactions and demonstrate that anti‐herbivory defenses had reached a previously unrecognized level of sophistication by 400 million years ago, in the Early Devonian.
Novel TARS2 variant identified in a Chinese patient with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy and a systematic review
Authors: He Peiqing , Wang Qingming , Hong Xiaochun , Yuan Haiming
Published: October 2022

Biallelic pathogenic variants in the TARS2 gene cause combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency, subtype 21 (COXPD21, MIM #615918), which is a rare mitochondrial encephalomyopathy (ME) characterized by early‐onset severe axial hypotonia, limb hypertonia, delayed psychomotor development, epilepsy, and brain anomalies. Currently, eight COXPD21 patients have been reported in the literature, and 11 pathogenic variants in TARS2 have been identified. Here, we report a 2‐year‐6‐month‐old Chinese female who presented with severe dystonia, developmental regression, absent speech, and intractable epilepsy. Laboratory examination showed persistently increased serum lactate. Brain MRI showed that the head of the caudate and partial lenticular nucleus were bilateral symmetrical T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI) hyperintense and the corpus callosum was very thin. The clinical characteristics pointed to a ME. Trio‐based whole‐exome sequencing (WES) was employed to detect the causative variants. WES revealed novel compound heterozygous variants, c.470G>C (p.Thr157Arg) and c.2051C>T (p.Arg684Gln), in TARS2 in our patient that were inherited from the mother and father, respectively. Next, we systematically reviewed the available clinical features of COXPD21 patients and noticed that the reduced fetal movement observed in our patient may be a novel phenotype of COXPD21. These findings expand the mutation spectrum of TARS2 and provide insights into the genotype–phenotype relationship in COXPD21 as well as a foundation for its genetic counseling, diagnosis and treatment.
Responses of Chemosensory Perception to Stimulation of the Human Brain
Authors: Li Yanyan , Tan Zheng , Wang Jing , Cai Yufei , Wang Mengyang , Zhou Wen , Wang Liang
Published: October 2022

Objective

Significant advances have been made in our understanding of the neural substrates of human chemosensory processing, involving the piriform cortex, insula, and orbitofrontal cortex. However, the important and challenging issues are to localize the brain regions with high anatomic precision that can causally produce chemosensory perception and further delineate the topography of different classifications of chemosensory perception.

Methods

We quantitatively measured subjective responses of chemosensory perception to intracranial electrical stimulation over the brain in neurosurgical patients (n = 302) with medically refractory epilepsy.

Results

The chemosensory perceptions including olfaction, gustation, and chemesthesis were elicited in 21 of 302 patients (7%). Chemosensory responses were evoked in 53 (0.2%) of 21,661 stimulated sites. The highest response rate (1.8%) was in the insula (37/2,051 stimulated sites from 15/163 patients). The chemosensory perception emerged predominantly during stimulation of the insula along the central sulcus axis. Notably, there existed a distinct pattern that the anteroventral insula predominately represented orthonasal olfaction, whereas different chemosensory modalities converged in the mid‐dorsal insula.

Interpretation

This study provided a detailed characterization of chemosensory perception across the brain, especially in the insula. These results suggest that the cortex along the banks of the central sulcus of the insula may play a role in producing the supramodal sensation of flavor. It also indicates that dysfunction of the central insula should be considered during the evaluation of chemosensory‐related epileptic seizures. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:175–183
Development of polymethylmethacrylate/reduced graphene oxide composite films as thermal interface materials
Authors: Tarcan Raluca , Handrea‐Dragan Madalina , Leordean Cosmin‐Ioan , Cioban Raul Catalin , Kiss Gellert‐Zsolt , Zaharie‐Butucel Diana , Farcau Cosmin , Vulpoi Adriana , Simon Simion , Botiz Ioan
Published: October 2022

With the miniaturization and integration of electronics into more powerful but smaller functional devices, major challenges arise. One of them is to efficiently dissipate the significant amount of thermal energy produced by these electronic devices. This requires interface materials with good thermal management properties. Reduced graphene oxide has attracted a lot of interest in this area due to its good thermal conductivity, similar with those of pristine graphene. In this work, polymethylmethacrylate/reduced graphene oxide (PMMA/RGO) composite thin films have been generated by drop casting mixtures of PMMA solutions and RGO suspensions, all prepared in N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent. Raman, SEM and AFM investigations confirmed that homogenous PMMA/RGO composite thin films have been obtained, with RGO being uniformly distributed in the blending. Further measurements demonstrated that the thermal conductivity of RGO/PMMA composites increased with the concentration of RGO in the polymeric mixture: for the highest RGO content, the thermal conductivity increased by 210%, with no important modifications of electrical resistivity. These results are very promising for the development of new thermal interface materials based on PMMA/RGO composites to be used, for instance, in automotive industry.
Successful fractionated undiluted doses of COVID‐19 vaccine in five cases of suspected allergic reactions to the first dose
Authors: Rivolta Federica , Camilla Cappelletti , Sangalli Andrea , Chiei Gallo Alessandra , Pravettoni Valerio
Published: October 2022

After a suspected allergic reaction to first dose of mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine, given the PEG skin tests negativity and tolerance in vivo to PEG containing drugs, five patients were vaccinated with the second dose of Pfizer‐Biontech undergoing a fractional protocol, with antihistamine premedication, without presenting immediate or delayed reactions.
In vivo tracking of KCC2b expression during early brain development
Authors: Jones Emma F. , Butler McKay Gohazrua , Trendafilova Darina , Mendez Mayra S. , Jernigan Luke A. , Gahtan Ethan , Steele John
Published: October 2022

The neuronal chloride (Cl−) exporter, KCC2, regulates neuron excitability and development and undergoes a stereotypical pattern of delayed upregulation as neurons mature. KCC2 upregulation favors neural inhibition by establishing a negative Cl− gradient, ensuring GABA‐induced Cl− currents are inward and inhibitory. We developed a zebrafish fluorescent reporter line, KCC2b:mCitrine, to track KCC2 expression in vivo during early brain development. KCC2b:mCitrine was first detected at 16 h postfertilization and by day 6 labeled most central and peripheral neurons and processes. At 20 h, expression was greatest in the soma‐dense basal neuroepithelium but largely absent in apical and mantle zones where differentiation and migration primarily occur, and time lapse imaging at this stage supports a postmigration upregulation of KCC2b. Central dopamine neurons showed low KCC2b expression as observed in other species. KCC2b:mCitrine fluorescence was stable over minutes in most neurons, but brightness transients observed in single cells fit our expectation for real‐time tracking of KCC2b upregulation in new neurons. To further assess whether fluorescence brightness tracks KCC2b expression, zebrafish embryos were exposed to bisphenol‐A (BPA), which is known to suppress KCC2 expression. Fluorescence decreased after 6 days of BPA exposure but not after 2 or 4 days, suggesting that it is an accurate but delayed indicator of KCC2b expression. KCC2b:mCitrine zebrafish present a new method for visualizing KCC2b's complex dynamics during brain development, and potentially screening compounds aimed at modulating KCC2 expression.
Fine‐Tuning the Relevance of Molecular Targets to Pediatric Cancer: Addressing Additional Layers of Complexity
Authors: Charlab Rosane , Burckart Gilbert J. , Reaman Gregory H.
Published: October 2022

The Research to Accelerate Cures and Equity (RACE) for Children Act requires an assessment of molecular targets relevant to pediatric cancer. Due to the biological complexity, candidate molecular targets have been primarily evaluated based on single features such as the presence of mutations or deregulated expression. As the understanding of tumor biology evolves, the relevance of certain molecular targets may need to be assessed at isoform and/or mutation variant level to optimize tailored therapeutic interventions.
Malt Barley Yield and Quality Response to Nitrogen and Irrigation Termination Timing
Authors: Rogers Christopher W. , Dari Biswanath , Walling Jason
Published: October 2022

Droughts in the western United States have led to an increased and pressing need to consider how to manage crops with less water for the future sustainability of production in the region. Fertilizer nitrogen (N) recommendations in the western United States have often been determined where irrigation was a non‐limiting factor. However, when irrigation is a limiting factor, it is critical to consider the interrelationship with irrigation amounts and N applications rates as crop yield and quality can be heavily influenced in both positive and negative ways. An irrigation termination and N fertilizer rate study was conducted to investigate malt barley yield and quality response in Kimberly, ID. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Soil & Water Management by reading the article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Considerations for Increasing Sugar Accumulation in Sugarbeet Production
Authors: Larkin Michael
Published: October 2022

Sugarbeet growers are paid for sugarbeet tons delivered to the factory and for the extractable sugar content found in those beets. The focus of this article will be on agronomic principles that lead to higher extractable sugar. There are several factors that influence sugar development in sugarbeets. Among the most important factors are variety selection, nutrition, and harvest management. Weather, environmental conditions, soil chemical properties, and pest management also influence sugar development. What can we as crop advisers do to ensure the best possible outcome for sugar accumulation in the sugarbeet crop? Earn 0.5 CEUs in Crop Management by reading the article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Characterization, combining ability, and analysis of genetic inheritance of persistence and growth traits in tall fescue
Authors: Pirnajmedin Fatemeh , Majidi Mohammad Mahdi , Taleb Hadi , Mirmohammady Maibody Sayed Ali Mohammad
Published: October 2022

Productivity and persistence in grasses are the results of a complex combination of many variables that affect plant growth all over the growing periods. The genetic variability and inheritance of seasonal productivity, persistence, and summer dormancy and their associations are poorly understood in tall fescue. In this study, half‐sib (HS) families of tall fescue derived from polycrosses, along with their corresponding parental genotypes were assessed for agro‐morphological traits at three harvests, persistence, and summer dormancy in the field during 2016–2019. High genotypic variation was observed for all the measured traits in the evaluated germplasm. In both parental genotypes and HS families, summer cuts had the lowest values of forage mass than spring and autumn cuts during all years of experiment. Summer dormancy index was negatively correlated with forage production and yield‐related traits. Forage mass at three cuts, persistence, and summer dormancy had lower narrow‐sense heritability (h2PFM) than yield‐related traits, which indicates that these traits may control by small effects of many genes than yield‐related traits. Based on the general combining ability (GCA) and the biplot of principal component analysis (PCA), genotypes 21M and 1E with high forage production were identified as preferable genotypes for forage use, which can be used in other breeding programs. In contrast, genotypes 17M and 4E with low forage productivity and high level of summer dormancy may be suitable for turf application. However, further experiments are needed to assess turf‐related traits, root characteristics, survival and their association with summer dormancy in this germplasm. Preferable genotypes for forage use and turf application were identified for future programs.
Designing a large‐scale track‐based monitoring program to detect changes in species distributions in arid Australia
Authors: Southwell Darren , Skroblin Anja , Moseby Katherine , Southgate Richard , Indigo Naomi , Backhouse Brett , Bellchambers Keith , Brandle Robert , Brenton Peter , Copley Peter , Dziminski Martin A. , Galindez‐Silva Carolina , Lynch Catherine , Newman Peggy , Pedler Reece , Rogers Daniel , Roshier David A. , Ryan‐Colton Ellen , Tuft Katherine , Ward Matt , Zurell Damaris , Legge Sarah
Published: October 2022

Monitoring trends in animal populations in arid regions is challenging due to remoteness and low population densities. However, detecting species' tracks or signs is an effective survey technique for monitoring population trends across large spatial and temporal scales. In this study, we developed a simulation framework to evaluate the performance of alternative track‐based monitoring designs at detecting change in species distributions in arid Australia. We collated presence–absence records from 550 2‐ha track‐based plots for 11 vertebrates over 13 years and fitted ensemble species distribution models to predict occupancy in 2018. We simulated plausible changes in species' distributions over the next 15 years and, with estimates of detectability, simulated monitoring to evaluate the statistical power of three alternative monitoring scenarios: (1) where surveys were restricted to existing 2‐ha plots, (2) where surveys were optimized to target all species equally, and (3) where surveys were optimized to target two species of conservation concern. Across all monitoring designs and scenarios, we found that power was higher when detecting increasing occupancy trends compared to decreasing trends owing to the relatively low levels of initial occupancy. Our results suggest that surveying 200 of the existing plots annually (with a small subset resurveyed twice within a year) will have at least an 80% chance of detecting 30% declines in occupancy for four of the five invasive species modeled and one of the six native species. This increased to 10 of the 11 species assuming larger (50%) declines. When plots were positioned to target all species equally, power improved slightly for most compared to the existing survey network. When plots were positioned to target two species of conservation concern (crest‐tailed mulgara and dusky hopping mouse), power to detect 30% declines increased by 29% and 31% for these species, respectively, at the cost of reduced power for the remaining species. The effect of varying survey frequency depended on its trade‐off with the number of sites sampled and requires further consideration. Nonetheless, our research suggests that track‐based surveying is an effective and logistically feasible approach to monitoring broad‐scale occupancy trends in desert species with both widespread and restricted distributions.
Promote diversity, access, equity, inclusion at your institution
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: October 2022

Increasing diversity, access, equity, and inclusion on campus requires total commitment, said Cassandra Moore, Director of Admissions and Enrollment Development at Anne Arundel Community College. “This is hard work,” she added, speaking at the Chesapeake and Potomac Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers annual conference, held virtually.
You have to give power to empower your team
Authors: Skipworth Stan
Published: October 2022

Although there's a good amount of truth to the familiar adage “you have to spend money to make money,” the reality is that some people have much simply given to them and yet they may not have the skills to augment their resources beyond that point.
Highly connected and highly variable: A Core brain network during resting state supports Propofol‐induced unconsciousness
Authors: Li Siyang , Chen Yali , Ren Peng , Li Zhipeng , Zhang Jun , Liang Xia
Published: October 2022

Despite that leading theories of consciousness make diverging predictions for where and how neural activity gives rise to subjective experience, they all seem to partially agree that the neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) require globally integrated brain activity across a network of functionally specialized modules. However, it is not clear yet whether such functional configurations would be able to identify the NCC. We scanned resting‐state fMRI data from 21 subjects during wakefulness, propofol‐induced sedation, and anesthesia. Graph‐theoretical analyses were conducted on awake fMRI data to search for the NCC candidates as brain regions that exhibit both high rich‐clubness and high modular variability, which were found to locate in prefrontal and temporoparietal cortices. Another independent data set of 10 highly‐sampled subjects was used to validate the NCC distribution at the individual level. Brain module‐based dynamic analysis revealed two discrete reoccurring brain states, one of which was dominated by the NCC candidates (state 1), while the other state was predominately composed of primary sensory/motor regions (state 2). Moreover, state 1 appeared to be temporally more stable than state 2, suggesting that the identified NCC members could sustain conscious content as metastable network representations. Finally, we showed that the identified NCC was modulated in terms of functional connectedness and modular variability in response to the loss of consciousness induced by propofol anesthesia. This work offers a framework to search for neural correlates of consciousness by charting the brain network topology and provides new insights into understanding the roles of different regions in underpinning human consciousness.
Neither, either, or both? Who sees GM and non‐GM food labels?
Authors: Kolodinsky Jane , Buzas Jeffrey , Rose Nick , Zheng Yuqing
Published: October 2022

The US National Bioengineered Food Disclosure Standard mandates disclosures on foods containing genetically modified (GM) ingredients, while allowing voluntary non‐GM claims to coexist in the marketplace. Using cross‐sectional survey data, accounting for error term correlation and controlling for demographic variability, we describe the types of GM food labels seen by respondents and quantify the association of other label reading behaviors and demographic characteristics on seeing GM and/or non‐GM labels. The percent of respondents seeing both contains and does not contain GM labels increased between 2018 and 2021, with more respondents seeing non‐GM compared with contains GM labels each year. Estimated conditional probabilities reveal that time, other label reading behaviors, and attitudes are heterogeneously associated with seeing contains GM and non‐GM labels.
Multimodality imaging in acute myocarditis
Authors: Muscogiuri Giuseppe , Guaricci Andrea Igoren , Cau Riccardo , Saba Luca , Senatieri Alberto , Chierchia Gregorio , Pontone Gianluca , Volpato Valentina , Palmisano Anna , Esposito Antonio , Basile Paolo , Marra Paolo , D'angelo Tommaso , Booz Christian , Rabbat Mark , Sironi Sandro
Published: October 2022

The diagnosis of acute myocarditis often involves several noninvasive techniques that can provide information regarding volumes, ejection fraction, and tissue characterization. In particular, echocardiography is extremely helpful for the evaluation of biventricular volumes, strain and ejection fraction. Cardiac magnetic resonance, beyond biventricular volumes, strain, and ejection fraction allows to characterize myocardial tissue providing information regarding edema, hyperemia, and fibrosis. Contemporary cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) can not only be extremely important for the assessment of coronary arteries, pulmonary arteries and aorta but also tissue characterization using CCTA can be an additional tool that can explain chest pain with a diagnosis of myocarditis.