bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Multivariate Approach to Analyze Ordinal Data Collected in Clinical Trials of Analgesic Agents
Authors: Mabubini E. , Rainisio M. , Mandelli V.
Published: March 2018

After pointing out the drawbacks of the approach commonly used to analyze the data collected in controlled clinical trials carried out to evaluate the analgesic effect of potential agents, the authors suggest a procedure suitable for analyzing data coded according to an ordinal scale. In the first stage a multivariate analysis is carried out on the codec! data and the projection of each result in the space of the most relevant factors is obtained. In the second stage the whole set of these values is processed by distribution-free tests. The procedure has been applied to data previously published by VENTAITBIDDA et al. [18].
A Descriptive Model of Medical Infonnation Processing
Authors: Di Silvio Th. V. , Leiss P. W. , Spotts Sandra J. , Steben J. D. , Whitehubst PH.
Published: March 2018

A descriptive model of medical information processing is presented. The model, consisting of multiple inter-regulated functional systems, transcends traditional organizational boundaries in support of patient care, professional education, and research. Relation of the model both to previously proposed medical models and to general communication models is discussed. Use of the functional model in delineating the scope of a medical information system, defining user requirements, and providing a substructure for detailed system design is expected to encourage standardized, parallel, modular design of application programs, with resultant decrease of program complexity, cost, and development time.
MEDIC: An on Site Designed Data Management System for Cardiology
Authors: Lustman F. , Lanthier P. , Charbonneau D.
Published: March 2018

A patient-oriented data management system is described. The environment was cardiology with a heavy emphasis on research and the MEDIC system was designed to meet the day to day program needs. The data are organized in speciality files with dynamic patient records composed of subrecords of different types. The schema is described by a data definition language. Application packages include data quality control, medical reporting and general inquiry.

After five years of extensive use in various clinical applications, its utility has been assessed as well as its low cost. The disadvantages, the main being the multifile structure, can now be stated as its advantages, like data independence and performance increase. Although the system is now partially outdated, the experience acquired with its use becomes very helpful in the selection process of the future database management system.
VIRUS — A Laboratory Information System for Clinical Virology
Authors: Blomberg J. , Mattson J. , Börjesson B. , Hast S. , Andersson P. , Holm K.
Published: March 2018

A system covering request registration, analytical orders, printing of worksheets, result reporting, result control and printing of patient reports is presented. Additionally, interim reports can be produced; accounting is automatic, and group requests and requests for new analyses of old samples can be handled. The system meets the demand for retrospective analysis which arises when acute intermediate and convalescent sera have to be analyzed simultaneously. Consequently, results from the same type of analysis performed on the same sample on different occasions can be handled and presented in a clear way on the VDU and on the report.

All work is performed on-line in real time via VDU screens. All data are stored on a 3 x 100 Mbyte disk chive which can accommodate approximately 6 years’ work.

The system has been implemented as a terminal system with 5 VDU: s and one line printer connected to an IBM 370/158 computer. The IMS data base management system has been utilized.
Computer-assisted Control of a Waiting List
Authors: Rourke T. A. , McFadden E. , Rogers A. C. N.
Published: March 2018

The main objective in the use of computer-based systems which dynamically order hospital waiting lists is to produce a more systematic and clinically acceptable pattern of selection from the waiting list than that resulting from traditional manual systems. This has been achieved previously through the evaluation of fairly complex mathematical formulae which require detailed analysis to modify their behaviour pattern, and thus separate the clinician from direct control of the system.

This paper describes a waiting list management system which uses a conceptually simple ordering process based on waiting time limits set by the clinician for each planned clinical procedure relevant to the specialty. The clinician receives periodic analyses of the current performance of the process and can easily control the behaviour pattern by changing the limits for any procedure. The system also keeps account of allocated bed and theatre resources.

Use of this waiting list management system in a Urology Department has resulted in a significant shift in the composition of the waiting list and in a more equitable pattern of selection from the waiting list;. In addition, the time spent by the clinician in managing the waiting list has been considerably reduced.
Computeranterstützte Diagnosenclokumentation
Authors: Hölzel D.
Published: March 2018

Die Diagnosenverschlüsselung wird häufig nur als Problem der medizinischen Dokumentation betrachtet. Unter Gesichtspunkten der Informatik können Lösungsansätze entwickelt werden, die auch im Hinblick auf Standardisierung und Auswertung Vorteile aufweisen. Ein solches System zur computerunterstützten Diagnosendokumentation wird beschrieben.

Es wird ein modifizierter ICD/E Diagnosenschlüssel eingesetzt. Aspekte einer maschinellen Unterstützung für die Präsentation und Pflege des Diagnosenschlüssels, die automatische Codierung und die Auswertung werden dargestellt. Notwendig ist eine Integration der verschiedenen Probleme. Sie führt zu mehrfach verwertbaren Schlüsselkomponenten, mit denen sich die genannten Aufgaben abdecken lassen.

Vorauszusetzen ist, daß disziplinspezifisch ein Standard von Diagnosenformulierungen vordefiniert und kontrolliert erweitert wird. Für die Realisiermag der Anforderungen ist dann ein eindimensionaler Schlüssel von Vorteil.
Data Processing Problems for Multidisciplinary, Mixed-Longitudinal Studies with Application to the Nijmegen Growth Study
Authors: van’t Hof M. A. , Veling S. H. J. , Kowalski C. J.
Published: March 2018

As more complex, computer-oriented studies of growth and development are undertaken, it becomes increasingly important that investigators contemplating the initiation of such studies are aware of some of the data processing problems they are likely to encounter. The present paper discusses some of these problems in the context of multidisciplinary, mixed-longitudinal growth studies and the solutions implemented in the Nijmegen Growth Study are documented.
OLIVIA — “On-Line Inventory Information-, Control- and Accounting System für die Materialwirtschaft der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover
Authors: Laude G. , Engelbrecht R.
Published: March 2018

Material, einschließlich Medikamente, hat nach dem Personal wesentlichen Anteil an den Betriebskosten eines Krankenhauses mid veranlaßt deshalb zur Suche nach Einsparungsinöglichkeiten bei dieser Kostenart. Ausgehend von dieser Überlegung wurde an der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover ein Rechner-gestütztes Abrechmuigs-, Informationsund Steuerungssystem implementiert. Besondere Berücksichtigung fanden in dem Konzept Verbindungen zum kameralen und — gegenwärtig besonders aktuell — kaufmännischen Rechnungswesen. Eine erhebliche Verbrauchsverringerung bei Arzneimitteln konnte erzielt und nachgewiesen werden. Aber auch bei den übrigen Materialarten ergaben sich Kostensenkungen infolge der verbesserten Information und der möglich gewordenen gezielten Managemententscheidung.
Information Systems to Support Medical Practice and Scientific Discovery
Authors: Lindberg D.
Published: March 2018

In many educational applications of the computer, systems are designed to contain information or knowledge that is to be conveyed to the student or user via an interactive learning scheme. In contrast, most NLM systems strive merely to increase the user´s access to the broad range of published scientific literature, or to link the user to appropriate factual databases.

Providing or enhancing access is, of course, made more difficult than in didactic systems because of the relatively large size of the files that make up the bibliographic and factual databases. For example, the MEDLARS files contain over 12 million records, made up of roughly thirty billion online characters.

Users send electronic queries to these files on-line via commercial valueadded networks (24 hrs/day, 365 days/year), in total about 4 million queries per year. Of the 4 million, approximately half of the queries were (in the opinion of the users polled) prompted by questions that arose in caring for a particular patient. The remaining 2 million queries concerned research, teaching, and public policy.
New Premises and New Tools for Medical Care and Medical Education
Authors: Weed L.
Published: March 2018

Medical care and medical education can be supported more than in the past by using new tools and new premises for the effective linkage between bodies of knowledge and the use of that knowledge. The medical record can be converted from a source-oriented record to a problem-oriented record, enabling to trace not only what was done, but why it was done. These possiblities reveal new insights in the use of databases, problem lists, problem-oriented plans, and problem-oriented progress notes and flowsheets. It brings about a neW behavior in teaching which replaces memorizing facts, new possibilities for medical care, and new responsibilities both for physicians and patients. We now have knowledge-coupling tools that can be used directly with the patients at the time of problem solving. Patients are becoming active participants in this process, bringing about new roles for experts as well as expert systems.
Software Engineering Education in Medical Informatics
Authors: Leven F.
Published: March 2018

Requirements and approaches of Software Engineering education in the field of Medical Informatics are described with respect to the impact of (1) experiences characterizing the “software misery”, (2) status and tendencies in software methodology, and (3) educational status and needs in computer science education influenced by the controversy “theoretical versus practical education”. Special attention is directed toward the growing importance of analysis, design methods, and techniques in the professional spectrum of Medical Informatics, the relevance of general principles of systems engineering in health care, the potential of non-procedural programming paradigms, and the intersection of Artificial Intelligence and education. Realizations of and experiences with programs in the field of Software Engineering are reported with respect to special requirements in Medical Informatics.
Probabilistic Differential Diagnosis of Auditory Dysfunction on the Basis of Electrocochleography
Authors: Hermans J. , Eggermont J. J. , Hagedooren J. , Odenthal D. W.
Published: March 2018

Bayes’ theorem was used to establish a probabilistic differential diagnosis between four hearing states :normal hearing, conduction hearing loss, Menière’s disease, and hair-cell damage. Measurements were carried out by electrocochleography (ECoG), action potentials being determined in response to short tone-burst stimulation. This method proved to permit differentiation between normal and abnormal cochleas, but the present state of development does not allow a more detailed diagnosis.
The Use of Computer Based Diaries for the Assessment of Subjective Symptomatology
Authors: Tippett L. O. , Zeleznick L. D. , knowles W. E.
Published: March 2018

Better methods are needed to evaluate the therapy of diseases which are subject to frequent fluctuation in the intensity of symptoms and lack an objective measurement reflecting the disease state. A patient diary system is reported in which patient symptomatology is collected and the data computerized. The system provides for management and automated tabulation of large volumes of data. It has proved to be a successful way to obtain the detailed symptomatology data necessary to assess therapeutic regimens in hay fever clinical studies.
Knowledge Representation for Computer-Aided Planning of Controlled Clinical Trials: the PATriCIa Project
Authors: Haag U.
Published: March 2018

The main thesis of the PATriCIa project is that a knowledge-based system can provide efficient and reliable support for biometricians as well as physicians involved in planning of controlled clinical trials, resulting in a higher quality of medical research. Structure and contents of study protocols are analyzed, and an object-oriented method for formally representing biometric knowledge is proposed. A study protocol can be generated from this formal representation. The programming language Prolog is used to realize the system based on a blackboard architecture. It is concluded that the knowledge representation method developed in the PATriCIa project is well suited for the purpose of generating study protocols for controlled clinical trials.
Epidermal Inclusion Cyst following Percutaneous Trigger Finger Release
Authors: Tsai Ting-Chien , Lo Sheng-Pin , Lien Fang-Chieh
Published: March 2018

Epidermal inclusion cyst is a benign lesion that commonly occurs due to inclusion of epidermal cells into the dermal or deeper layers in a trauma event. Percutaneous release is a minimally invasive technique, and good surgical outcomes can be achieved. However, the percutaneous procedure is a puncture injury, and the epidermal inclusion cyst is reasonable to become a possible complication. In this article, we presented a case of trigger finger in left middle finger. The patient underwent percutaneous release as the treatment and a second percutaneous release 5 months later due to recurrence of the symptoms. An epidermal inclusion cyst was noted 5 months thereafter, and it was treated with excision. With this case, we need to be more aware of this possibility if a mass lesion without infection signs occurs in the released area and recommend sonography if there is a mass lesion a few months after the procedure.
Alveolar Oxygen Uptake and Blood Flow Dynamics in Knee Extension Ergometry
Authors: MacDonald M. J. , Shoemaker J. K. , Borkhoff C. , Hughson R. L.
Published: March 2018

The relationship was studied between the increase in oxygen uptake (VO2) measured breath-by-breath at the mouth, and the increase in femoral artery blood flow measured continuously with pulsed and echo Doppler methods. Five men exercised at 50 W on a knee extension ergometer in both the supine and the upright posture. The kinetics of the responses were determined by curve fitting to obtain the mean response time (MRT = 63% of the time required to achieve steady state). In the upright position, the increase in blood flow (MRT = 12.4 ± 9.4 s, mean ± SD) was faster than the increase in VO2 (29.6 ± 9.3 s). Likewise in the supine position, blood flow increased more rapidly (25.1 + 9.7 s vs. 36.7 ± 9.6 s). It should be noted that the increase in blood flow appeared to be faster than VO2, yet when blood flow adapted more slowly in the supine posture, it had an impact on the adaptation of VO2. This suggests that blood flow might have important effects on metabolism at the onset of submaximal exercise.
Ambulatory Behavior Map, Physical Activity and Biosignal Monitoring System
Authors: Murakami D. , Makikawa M.
Published: March 2018

In this study, we have developed an ambulatory human behavior map and physical activity monitoring system. This was accomplished by equipping our portable digital biosignal memory device developed previously with GPS sensors and piezoresistive accelerometers. Using this new system, we can get a subject’s behavior map, and estimate his physical activities and posture changes in daily life.
Critical Appraisal of Indices for the Assessment of Baroreflex Sensitivity
Authors: Castiglioni P. , Mancia G. , Parati G. , Pedotti A. , Di Rienzo M.
Published: March 2018

The sequence technique and the spectral estimation of the alpha coefficient are currently employed for the assessment of “spontaneous” baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). The comparison of performance and effectiveness of these techniques is obtained by the analysis of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and pulse interval (PI) tracings recorded in conscious cats before and after baroreceptor denervation. Results indicate that (1) the average BRS estimates obtained by the sequence technique and by the alpha coefficient at the respiratory frequency are similar, (2) the alpha coefficients computed at the respiratory frequency tend to be higher than alpha coefficients estimated at 0.1 Hz, and (3) in spite of what is traditionally claimed, the PI-SBP coherence does not seem to represent a reliable parameter to enhance the specificity of the spectral estimate, because coherence values often remain above the 0.5 threshold also after baroreceptor denervation.
Framework for Biosignal Interpretation in Intensive Care and Anesthesia
Authors: Korhonen I. , van Gils M. , Kari A. , Saranummi N.
Published: March 2018

Improved monitoring improves outcomes of care. As critical care is “critical”, everything that can be done to detect and prevent complications as early as possible benefits the patients. In spite of major efforts by the research community to develop and apply sophisticated biosignal interpretation methods (BSI), the uptake of the results by industry has been poor. Consequently, the BSI methods used in clinical routine are fairly simple. This paper postulates that the main reason for the poor uptake is the insufficient bridging between the actors (i.e., clinicians, industry and research). This makes it difficult for the BSI developers to understand what can be implemented into commercial systems and what will be accepted by clinicians as routine tools. A framework is suggested that enables improved interaction and cooperation between the actors. This framework is based on the emerging commercial patient monitoring and data management platforms which can be shared and utilized by all concerned, from research to development and finally to clinical evaluation.
Multivariate Closed-Loop Model for Analysis of Cardiovascular Dynamics
Authors: Korhonen I.
Published: March 2018

This paper introduces a closed-loop model for the analysis of interactions between heart rate and blood pressure variability, and respiration. The respiratory influence is modeled with an anti-causal structure to control the possible phase lead of heart rate to instantaneous lung volume. The closed-loop structure between heart rate and blood pressure allows the analysis of inter-relationships between the signals. Simulations and results on experimental data show the identifiability of the model and the robustness of the noise source contribution analysis over a wide range of model orders.
Neural Network-Based PET Image Reconstruction
Authors: Kosugi Y. , Sase M. , Suganami Y. , Uemoto N. , Momose T. , Nishikawa J.
Published: March 2018

In PET image analysis, conventional deconvolution alone will not give sufficient information for a precise study of a localized brain function. In the deconvolution process, which is a type of inverse problem, it is important to confine the solution space by incorporating a priori knowledge such as the tissue distribution given by MR images as well as smoothness in the blood flow distribution profile. An MR-embedded neural-network model is described to reduce the partial volume effect in the restoration of blood flow profiles from PET images.
Nonlinear Pattern Analysis of Ventricular Premature Beats by Mutual Information
Authors: Saitoh H. , Yokoshima T. , Kishida H. , Hayakawa H. , Cohen R. J. , Osaka M.
Published: March 2018

The frequency of ventricular premature beats (VPBs) has been related to the risk of mortality. However, little is known about the temporal pattern of occurrence of VPBs and its relationship to autonomic activity. Hence, we applied a general correlation measure, mutual information, to quantify how VPBs are generated over time. We also used mutual information to determine the correlation between VPB production and heart rate in order to evaluate effects of autonomic activity on VPB production. We examined twenty subjects with more than 3000 VPBs/day and simulated ran-( dom time series of VPB occurrence. We found that mutual information values could be used to characterize quantitatively the temporal patterns of VPB generation. Our data suggest that VPB production is not random and VPBs generated with a higher value of mutual information may be more greatly affected by autonomic activity.
Direct Oral Anticoagulants and the Paradigm Shift in the Management of Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Lim Hui Yin , Nandurkar Harshal , Ho Prahlad
Published: March 2018

The advent of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) has revolutionized anticoagulation management in both stroke prevention and venous thromboembolism (VTE) treatment/prevention. Clinical trials and secondary real-world data have shown that DOACs have similar efficacy and, in some cases, improved bleeding safety profiles compared with vitamin K antagonists. Together with benefits of patient convenience, this has shifted the risk–benefit ratio toward long-term anticoagulation. However, current VTE risk assessment models are based on vitamin K antagonists and do not take into account the new paradigm of DOACs. Therefore, challenges to the thrombosis community remain to determine patients who would benefit from long-term anticoagulation in the DOAC era. Here, the authors review the current literature on risks and benefits of DOACs and their potential role in long-term VTE thromboprophylaxis as well as in current risk assessment models. The increasing use of DOACs, led by their convenience of use and generally lower bleeding rates, calls for a reevaluation of the current models as the benefits of long-term anticoagulation may begin to outweigh risks and inconvenience associated with their predecessors.
Training in Health Informatics in Brazil
Authors: Marin H.F. , Massad E. , Ohno-Machado L. , Marques E.P.
Published: March 2018

Technology is transforming not only the practice of healthcare but also professional training and educational models. Developing countries, such as Brazil, are increasingly suffering from a severe shortage of health informatics specialists. Training of professionals in this field is expensive, and there is a limited supply of high-quality teaching resources available. We envision that training in health informatics can be better achieved if cultural and technological barriers are anticipated and the training program is prepared accordingly. We describe our four-year experience of a Brazil/USA training program and discuss lessons learned during its implementation. Eleven onsite courses, one seminar, and two conferences were developed under this unique initiative, which made possible the collaboration among different countries and distinguished leaders in the field of medical informatics. We also described a few identified initiatives to implement health informatics in the curriculum.
Computer-Interpretable Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Hagerty C. G. , Sonnenberg F. A.
Published: March 2018

To provide a comprehensive overview of computerinterpretable guideline (CIG) systems aimed at non-experts. The overview includes the history of efforts to develop CIGs, features of and relationships among current major CIG systems, current status of standards developments pertinent to CIGs and identification of unsolved problems and needs for future research

Literature re view based on PubMed, AMIA conference proceedings and key references from publications identified. Search terms included practice guidelines, decision support, controlled vocabulary and medical record systems. Papers were reviewed by both authors and summarized narratively.

There is a consensus that guideline delivery systems must be integrated with electronic health records (EHRs) to be most effective. Several evolving CIG formalisms have in common, use of a task network model. There is currently no dominant CIG system. The major challenge in development of interoperable CIGs, is agreement on a standard controlled vocabulary. Such standards are under development, but not widely used, particularly in commercial EHR systems. The Virtual Medical Record (VMR) concept has been proposed as a standard that would serve as an intermediary between guideline vocabulary and that used in EHR implementation.

CIG systems are in a state of evolution. Standards efforts promise to improve interoperability without compromising innovation. The VMR concept can assist guideline development even before clinical systems routinely adhere to standards. Frontiers for future work include using the principles learned by computer implementation of guidelines to improve the guideline development process and evaluation methods that isolate the effects of specific CIG features.
Section 4: Sensor, Signal and Imaging Informatics: Sensors, Medical Image and Signal Processing
Authors: Westphal R.W ,   Managing Editor for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Sensor, Signal and Imaging Informatics
Published: March 2018

Objectives:

To summarize current excellent research in the field of sensor, signal and imaging informatics.

Method:

Synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2007.

Results:

The selection process for this yearbook section “Sensor, signal and imaging informatics” results in five excellent articles, representing research in four different nations. Papers from the fields of brain machine interfaces, sound surveillance in telemonitoring, soft tissue modeling, and body sensors have been selected.

Conclusion:

The selection for this yearbook section can only reflect a small portion of the worldwide copious work in the field of sensors, signal and image processing with applications in medical informatics. However, the selected papers demonstrate, how advances in this field may positively affect future patient care.
Biomedical Informatics Research and Education at the EuroMISE Center
Authors: Zvarova J.
Published: March 2018

In the paper we described the partial achievements reached by the EuroMISE Center in research and higher education, supporting better healthcare in future information society.

Through the research cooperation, the EuroMISE Centre suggests publicly available tools and methods that allow the application of new technologies for various healthcare organizations and citizens, with a special focus on the national environment of the Czech Republic. It provides a platform for a greater level of research cooperation with the usage of the most up-to-date information and communication technologies and a wide spectrum of clinical and genetic data and knowledge.

Results of research and higher education of the EuroMISE Centre in the field of Biomedical Informatics are described in outputs of national and European projects. Further results have been published and/or presented at national and international meetings and incorporated in education and healthcare practice.

The long-term effect of postgraduate doctoral education in the field of biomedical informatics consists in the rapid increase of scientists that are needed in the Czech Republic to reach the goals of information society in health care. The multidisciplinary research at the EuroMISE Center moves towards direct usage in the informational support of diagnostics and therapy, mining of the medical databases, and in the customization of healthcare based on the clinical and genetic profile of a patient.

Haux R, Kulikowski C, editors. IMIA Yearbook of Medical Informatics 2006. Methods Inf Med 2006; 45 Suppl 1: S166-73.
The IMIA Strategic Plan - Towards IMIA 2015
Authors: Murray P.J. ,   (Interim Vice President Strategic Planning Implementation, International Medical Informatics Association)
Published: March 2018

Objective To present the IMIA Strategic Plan, ‘Towards IMIA2015’, to a wide audience within and outside the ‘IMIA family’, so as to aid in turning the vision of the plan into reality.

Methods IMIA, the International Medical Informatics Association, unanimously adopted the IMIA Strategic Plan, ‘Towards IMIA2015’, at its 2007 General Assembly meeting in Brisbane, Australia. The wide dissemination of this plan is one of the first stages in the developing IMIA Transition Plan, which will develop a roadmap and specific projects for implementing the strategy. The IMIA Strategic Plan is presented here, and we welcome dialogue with all who wish to work with IMIA to achieve the vision and the strategic goals, of providing leadership and expertise to the multidisciplinary health focused community and policy makers to enable the transformation of healthcare to improve the health of the world population.

Results and conclusions IMIA and its members are now engaged in work to support implementation of the IMIA Strategic Plan. IMIA invites all with an interest in our activities to work with us towards achieving the strategic goals and making the vision a reality by 2015.
Education and Consumer Informatics: Improvements in Existing Systems
Authors: Boyer C. ,   Managing Editor for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Education and Consumer Informatics
Published: March 2018

Objectives To provide an overview of the current excellent research done in the field of advancements in Education and Consumer Informatics as well as studies done to better understand, the already existing systems.

Method Synopsis of the articles on education and consumer health selected for the IMIA Yearbook of Medical Informatics 2008.

Results In the domain of education, eHealth literacy becomes a key topic and a challenge, the Internet evolving as the primary medium to access health information. A system developed to measure the eHealth literacy level of consumers reflects the importance of this skill. In consumer health informatics, the selected papers emphasize valuable advances in bridging the information gap as well as the growing implementation of functioning systems.

Conclusion The selected articles highlight the need for recognising existing weak links in the healthcare system and then strengthening them through patient education and involvement, as well as possible improvements through real-world implementations.
Extracting Information from Textual Documents in the Electronic Health Record: A Review of Recent Research
Authors: Savova G. K. , Kipper-Schuler K. C. , Hurdle J. F. , Meystre S. M.
Published: March 2018

Objectives We examine recent published research on the extraction of information from textual documents in the Electronic Health Record (EHR).

Methods Literature review of the research published after 1995, based on PubMed, conference proceedings, and the ACM Digital Library, as well as on relevant publications referenced in papers already included.

Results 174 publications were selected and are discussed in this review in terms of methods used, pre-processing of textual documents, contextual features detection and analysis, extraction of information in general, extraction of codes and of information for decision-support and enrichment of the EHR, information extraction for surveillance, research, automated terminology management, and data mining, and de-identification of clinical text.

Conclusions Performance of information extraction systems with clinical text has improved since the last systematic review in 1995, but they are still rarely applied outside of the laboratory they have been developed in. Competitive challenges for information extraction from clinical text, along with the availability of annotated clinical text corpora, and further improvements in system performance are important factors to stimulate advances in this field and to increase the acceptance and usage of these systems in concrete clinical and biomedical research contexts.
Health Informatics Master Program at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Altwaijiri M. , Aldosari B.
Published: March 2018

Objective The purpose of this paper is to describe the Health Informatics Master Program at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Methods We have reviewed health informatics master programs worldwide with more emphasis on the recommendations of the International Medical Informatics Association on education in health informatics, research, and faculty/trainee participation at KSAU-HS.

Results An applied health informatics master program has been designed where graduates will be able to deploy information and communication technology in support of health systems’ processes. This is due to the fact that most of health organizations are driven by information and communication technology. The program embodies the features of effective applied health informatics master programs recommended by the International Medical Informatics Association on education in health informatics and delineated as curricula integrating three areas of knowledge and skills: 1) Methodology and technology for the processing of data, information and knowledge in medicine and healthcare, 2) Medicine, health and biosciences, and 3) Informatics/ computer science, mathematics and biometry.

Conclusions The health informatics master program (MHI) immerses students in the multidisciplinary field of health informatics education. Graduates of the MHI program will be wellprepared informaticians for leadership positions, able to meet the increasing demands in the field of health informatics to manage, plan, develop, and provide expert consultations to the healthcare sectors.
The Changing Nature of Clinical Decision Support Systems: a Focus on Consumers, Genomics, Public Health and Decision Safety
Authors: Lau A. Y. S. , Tsafnat G. , Sintchenko V. , Magrabi F. , Coiera E.
Published: March 2018

Objectives To review the recent research literature in clinical decision support systems (CDSS).

Methods A review of recent literature was undertaken, focussing on CDSS evaluation, consumers and public health, the impact of translational bioinformatics on CDSS design, and CDSS safety.

Results In recent years, researchers have concentrated much less on the development of decision technologies, and have focussed more on the impact of CDSS in the clinical world. Recent work highlights that traditional process measures of CDSS effectiveness, such as document relevance are poor proxy measures for decision outcomes. Measuring the dynamics of decision making, for example via decision velocity, may produce a more accurate picture of effectiveness. Another trend is the broadening of user base for CDSS beyond front line clinicians. Consumers are now a major focus for biomedical informatics, as are public health officials, tasked with detecting and managing disease outbreaks at a health system, rather than individual patient level. Bioinformatics is also changing the nature of CDSS. Apart from personalisation of therapy recommendations, translational bioinformatics is creating new challenges in the interpretation of the meaning of genetic data. Finally, there is much recent interest in the safety and effectiveness of computerised physicianorderentry (CPOE) systems, given that prescribing and administration errors are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Of note, there is still much controversy surrounding the contention that poorly designed, implemented or used CDSS may actually lead to harm.

Conclusions CDSS research remains an active and evolving area of research, as CDSS penetrate more widely beyond their traditional domain into consumer decision support, and as decisions become more complex, for example by involving sequence level genetic data.
Knowledge Representation and Management: Towards Interoperable Medical Terminologies
Authors: Rassinoux A.-M. ,   Section Editor for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Knowledge Representation and Management
Published: March 2018

Objective To summarize current outstanding research in the field of knowledge representation and management.

Methods Synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2009.

Results Four excellent papers have been selected for the section knowledge representation and management. All these papers are concerned with terminological systems whether it is to detect equivalent concept definitions, to structure narratives, to compare existing lay and professional terms or to reformulate the SNOMED’s logical formalism towards a more expressive language.

Conclusion The ability of one computer system to access and use the resources of another system becomes crucial in a world where the amount of electronically stored data increases continuously. The selected papers for the section knowledge representation and management corroborate that interoperable medical terminologies play a growing and strategic role in Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems. Indeed, they allow data in clinical systems to be defined in a more uniform and granular manner, thus leading to flexible, semantically interoperable and trust-worthy health information systems.
Health Informatics Education and Capacity Building in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Betts H. J. , Wright G. , Tshayingca-Mashiya N. V. , Murray P. J.
Published: March 2018

Objectives To describe the experience of, and lessons learned from, a collaborative project developing and delivering an MSc in Health Informatics in South Africa.

Methods The description and discussion is based on the experiences of the staff delivering the course, and formal and informal evaluations, the former conducted as part of the University of Winchester’s quality assurance processes.

Results Some of the lessons learned from adapting the course to meet local needs are described and discussed.

Conclusions Simply attempting to transpose a successful course from one country and culture to another is not a guarantee of success. Educational staff delivering such courses need to take account of local context and culture, be flexible and prepared to adapt to students’ needs and circumstances, which may be beyond anyone’s control. However, by meeting real identified needs, success can contribute to sustaining capacity building and the development of the local health informatics workforce.
Consumer Informatics:
Authors: Boyer C. ,   Section Editor for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Consumer Informatics
Published: March 2018

To explore how the Internet is being used as a source of information, but also as a source of consumption in certain health-related fields. Determine the negative and positive impacts of this trend, depending on the topic or quality standards of websites.

Synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2011.

Six papers from international peer reviewed journals have been selected for the section on health information systems.

The articles selected discuss issues of major concern for online health information seekers, because of their positive or negative impact on health outputs.
Genome, and beyond
Authors: Yip Y. L. ,   Section Editor for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Bioinformatics
Published: March 2018

To summarize current excellent research in the field of bioinformatics, with an emphasis on those that have direct application in the medical domain.

Synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2011.

The selection process for this yearbook’s section on Bioinformatics results in six excellent articles highlighting the continuous progress towards a better understanding of human phenotype. Compared to the selection in Yearbook 2010, several key advancements can be noted. First, year 2010 marked the inaugural use of a complete human genome in a clinical context. This proof-of-principle study represents a large step towards personalized medicine. Second, there is a clear trend to understand diseases beyond the genome level, namely to include environmental and epigenetic information. Third, an innovative framework making use of the web to harness participant-driven genotype-phenotype information sets a new scene for conducting research in an era where social media plays an increasingly important role.

The current literature showed that all pieces are now present to enable a much more comprehensive understanding of human diseases and traits, beyond the highly focused genetic or genomic studies seen previously.
Leitlinie zur Diagnostik und Therapie der Krampfadererkrankung
Authors: Kluess H.G. , Noppeney T. , Breu F.X. , Ehresmann U. , Gerlach H.E. , Hermanns H.-J. , Nüllen H. , Pannier F. , Salzmann G. , Schimmelpfennig L. , Schmedt C.-G. , Steckmeier B. , Stenger D.
Published: March 2018

Leitlinien sind systematisch erarbeitete Empfehlungen, um den Arzt in Klinik und Praxis bei Entscheidungen über eine angemessene Versorgung des Patienten im Rahmen spezi-fischer klinischer Umstände zu unterstützen. Leitlinien gelten für Standardsituationen und berücksichtigen die aktuellen, zu den entsprechenden Fragestellungen zur Verfügung stehenden wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse. Leitlinien bedürfen der ständigen Überprüfung und eventuell der Änderung auf dem Boden des wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisstandes und der Praktikabilität in der täglichen Praxis. Durch die Leitlinien soll die Methodenfreiheit des Arztes nicht eingeschränkt werden. Ihre Beachtung garantiert nicht in jedem Fall den diagnostischen und therapeutischen Erfolg. Leitlinien erheben keinen Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit. Die Entscheidung über die Angemessenheit der zu ergreifenden Maßnahmen trifft der Arzt unter Berücksichtigung der individuellen Problematik.

Die Empfehlungsgrade entsprechen denen des American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP):

GRADE 1A: starke Empfehlung, hohe Qualität der Evidenz

GRADE 1B: starke Empfehlung, mittlere Qualität der Evidenz

GRADE 1C: starke Empfehlung, niedrige Qualität der Evidenz

GRADE 2A: schwache Empfehlung, hohe Qualität der Evidenz

GRADE 2B: schwache Empfehlung, mittlere Qualität der Evidenz

GRADE 2C: schwache Empfehlung, niedrige Qualität der Evidenz

Angaben der evidenzbasierten Level erfolgen entsprechend den Empfehlungen der DEGAM (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allgemeinmedizin und Familienmedizin):

A sehr gut fundiert

B mittelmäßig fundiert

C mäßige wissenschaftliche Grundlage
Paraneoplastische erosive Arthritis, Rheumafaktorund Anti-CCP-positiv, bei B-Zell-Lymphom
Authors: Matveev I. , Hartig I. , Braun M.
Published: March 2018

Bei rheumatischen Beschwerden des Bewegungsapparates sollten Malignome als Ursasche paraneoplastischer Arthropathien immer bei den differenzialdiagnostischen Erwägungen berücksichtigt werden (1, 2). Rheumatische Symptome können als Erstmanifestation von Tumoren bestehen, diese ähneln den Beschwerden bei echten rheumatologischen Erkrankungen. Pathogenetisch sind diese Arthritiden Ausdruck eines direkten Gelenkbefalls oder einer paraneoplastischen Stimulation von autoimmunen Prozessen.

Nachdruck aus und zu zitieren als: arthritis + rheuma 2017; 37: 247–249
Ästhetische Faktoren in der kieferorthopädischen Planung
Authors: Feldner Josef , Bantleon Hans-Peter
Published: March 2018

Ziel des Artikels ist eine möglichst kompakte Zusammenfassung der wichtigsten Faktoren im Zusammenhang mit Ästhetik in der kieferorthopädischen Behandlungsplanung zu geben. Dabei wurde das Thema in 3 Teilbereiche aufgegliedert, nämlich die Makro-, Mikro- und die Mini-Ästhetik. In den einzelnen Unterpunkten wird dargelegt, welche klinischen Auffälligkeiten im Zuge der diagnostischen Erstuntersuchung erfasst werden sollten, um ein möglichst ästhetisch hochwertiges Planungskonzept zu erstellen und schlussendlich ebenso ein ästhetisch ansprechendes Ergebnis zu erreichen.
Kombinierte kieferorthopädische und chirurgische Therapie einer Klasse-III-Malokklusion – ein Fallbericht
Authors: Jäger Karin , Watzke Ingeborg , Bantleon Hans-Peter
Published: March 2018

Der vorliegende Fallbericht zeigt die Therapie und das Behandlungsergebnis eines jungen, erwachsenen Patienten mit skelettaler Klasse-III-Malokklusion. Der 20 Jahre alte Patient wies eine skelettale Klasse III mit retrognather Maxilla, einen zirkulären Kreuzbiss und einen offenen Biss auf. Die transversale Erweiterung des Oberkiefers erfolgte ohne chirurgische Unterstützung und rein dental getragen. Aufgrund des Schweregrades der skelettalen Diskrepanz und des ästhetischen Erscheinungsbildes wurde eine kombinierte kieferorthopädische-chirurgische Therapie durchgeführt.
Hierarchical graphical-based human pose estimation via local multi-resolution convolutional neural network
Authors: Zhu Aichun , Wang Tian , Snoussi Hichem
Published: March 2018

This paper addresses the problems of the graphical-based human pose estimation in still images, including the diversity of appearances and confounding background clutter. We present a new architecture for estimating human pose using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Firstly, a Relative Mixture Deformable Model (RMDM) is defined by each pair of connected parts to compute the relative spatial information in the graphical model. Secondly, a Local Multi-Resolution Convolutional Neural Network (LMR-CNN) is proposed to train and learn the multi-scale representation of each body parts by combining different levels of part context. Thirdly, a LMR-CNN based hierarchical model is defined to explore the context information of limb parts. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed deep learning approach for human pose estimation.
Change in soil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks eight years after conversion of sub-humid grassland to Pinus and Eucalyptus forestry
Authors: Lebenya R. M. , van Huyssteen C. W. , du Preez C. C.
Published: March 2018

Scientific studies report decreases, increases, or negligible changes in soil organic carbon (C) stocks upon afforestation; however, these studies neglect the potential role of total nitrogen (N), tree species, and soil drainage class on these changes. This paper therefore aimed to quantify the change in soil organic C and total N stocks in the Weatherley catchment, eight years after conversion of grassland to forestry. Twenty-seven soil profile sites in this catchment, situated in the north-eastern corner of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, were sampled to determine the soil organic C and total N concentrations for the estimation of stocks. These sites represented different vegetation (Pinus elliottii, P. patula, Eucalyptus nitens, and grass) and soil drainage class (poorly, moderately, and freely drained soils) areas. Eighteen of the 27 sites studied had decreases, and nine sites had increases in organic C stocks in the 0–300 mm soil layer after eight years of afforestation. Total N decreased in 18 sites and increased at nine sites. Eight years of afforestation with P. elliottii and E. nitens significantly decreased stocks of soil organic C (from 47.6 to 38.8 Mg/ha) and total N (from 3.22 to 2.87 Mg/ha), whereas P. patula only slightly increased the corresponding stocks from 43.8 to 48.6 Mg C/ha and from 2.80 to 3.68 Mg N/ha. Both soil organic C and total N stocks decreased in all three soil drainage classes upon afforestation. It is proposed that these findings be corroborated after another 8–10 years of afforestation.