bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Validated Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Assay for the Determination of NX‐5948 in Beagle Dog Plasma: Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study
Authors: Wang Fang , Sun Wenfei , Ma Zheheng , Chu Furui
Published: February 2025

Proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) has been developed and currently enjoys widespread interest among the field of pharmaceutical manufacturing in recent decades. NX‐5948 is an orally active PROTAC Bruton tyrosine kinase degrader, which shows anti‐inflammatory and antitumor activities. In this study, a simple and fast bioanalytical method for the quantification of NX‐5948 in beagle dog plasma was developed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). A full method validation was performed according to regulatory guidelines. For the quantification, [M + H]+ was formed using an electrospray ionization (ESI) source in the positive ion mode, and selective reaction monitoring (SRM) was employed using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. The monitored precursor‐to‐product transitions were m/z 807.5 > 790.5 for NX‐5948 and m/z 812.4 > 452.1 for internal standard. A linear response was obtained at the concentration range of 0.5–200 ng/mL, with correlation coefficient > 0.99. The interday accuracy ranged from −9.03% to 5.99% (RSD < 7.84%), and the intraday accuracy from −5.15% to 8.56% (RSD < 6.90%). NX‐5948 was demonstrated to be stable under the present storage conditions. After validation, the method was successfully applied for the quantification of NX‐5948 in beagle dog plasma after oral and intravenous administration of the NX‐5948.
Global Trends of Early, Middle, and Late‐Onset Lung Cancer From 1990 to 2021: Results From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Authors: Li Zongyuan , Yu Cheng , Hao Jianqi , Luo Nanzhi , Peng Haoning , Zhang Jian , Pu Qiang , Liu Lunxu
Published: February 2025

Background

Although the global burden of lung cancer has generally declined in recent decades, the variation in onset age‐related trends remains insufficiently explored. In the current study, we aimed to systematically evaluate the most update temporal trends in incidence, mortality and DALYs of early, middle, and late‐onset lung cancer (EOLC, MOLC, and LOLC) from 1990 to 2021, with stratifications of gender, location, and socio‐demographic development.

Methods

We retrieved cross‐sectional data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021. The global, regional, and national burden of lung cancer from 1990 to 2021 was evaluated primarily by age‐standardized rates of incidence (ASIR), mortality (ASMR), and DALYs (ASDR). Joinpoint regression analysis was employed to assess temporal trends and turning point years. Frontier analysis was applied to examine the lowest achievable DALYs, and cross‐country inequalities were evaluated sing the slope index of inequality (SII) and concentration index. We also forecasted the burden from 2022 to 2035.

Results

The global ASIR of EOLC decreased from 4.81 per 100,000 in 1990 to 3.13 in 2021 (AAPC: −1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.53 to −1.22, p < 0.001), with a steeper decline in males (AAPC: −1.79) compared to females (AAPC: ‐0.63). MOLC incidence also declined from 92.77 to 72.47 per 100,000 (AAPC: ‐0.81, 95% CI: −0.9 to −0.73, p < 0.01), while LOLC demonstrated a slight increase from 195.39 to 225.8 per (AAPC: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.5, p < 0.01). Notably, LOLC in females showed a consistent rise in incidence rate (AAPC: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.21, p < 0.01). In contrast to EOLC and MOLC, 11, 10, and 9 out of 21 GBD regions showed a rising trend for ASIR, ASMR, and ASDR of LOLC, respectively. East Asia showed the steepest increase in ASIR (from 229.26 in 1990 to 375.90 in 2021, AAPC = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.31 to 1.89, p < 0.001) of LOLC. Moreover, according to socio‐demographic index (SDI) quintiles, the middle SDI region demonstrated the largest rise in ASIR of LOLC. Frontier analysis revealed that countries with higher SDIs had a greater capacity for reducing lung cancer burdens. Cross‐country inequalities of lung cancer burden in females were found to improve much slower than in males. The projections implied that, although lung cancer would generally decline in the next decade, the incidence, mortality, and DALY rates of LOLC in females might remarkably increase.

Conclusions

The global incidence, mortality, and DALY rates of lung cancer showed a general decline from 1990 to 2021. However, concerning trends of LOLC burden, especially among females and in specific regions or countries, were observed in this study. This study could help to guide more targeted prevention and intervention strategies for lung cancer control.
A Practical Approach for Polarity and Quantity Controlled Assembly of Membrane Proteins into Nanoliposomes
Authors: Zhang Shiwei , Lin Peng , Komatsubara Futa , Nakata Eiji , Morii Takashi
Published: February 2025

Biological membranes achieve selectivity and permeability through protein transporters and channels. The design of artificial compartments with permeable membranes is essential to facilitate substrate and product transfer in enzymatic reactions. In this study, an E. coli outer membrane protein OmpF fused to a modular adaptor was integrated onto a DNA origami skeleton to control the number and polarity of the OmpF trimer. DNA origami skeleton‐guided nanoliposomes reconstituted with functional OmpF exhibit pH‐responsiveness and size‐selective permeability. This approach highlights the potential to construct artificial compartments that incorporate membrane proteins of defined number and polarity, allowing tunable substrate fluxes.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Selectivity Controlled Highly Efficient Carbonylative Synthesis of Isoquinoline‐1,3(2H,4H)‐diones and Indanones
Authors: Xu Ren‐Rui , Kuai Chang‐Sheng , Wu Xiao‐Feng
Published: February 2025

Compared to the methods that rely on complex and structurally unique substrates for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds through intra‐ and intermolecular cyclization, strategies starting from simple and readily available substrates, combined with finely tuned catalytic system to achieve different chemoselectivity, offer significant advantages in terms of efficiency, cost‐effectiveness, and versatility. Herein, we present a palladium‐catalyzed carbonylation strategy that enables the selective and efficient synthesis of isoquinoline‐1,3(2H,4H)‐dione and indanone derivatives via distinct reaction pathways. Notably, the chemoselectivity was not determined by the differences in reactivity at the reaction sites but instead arises from the generation of distinct active palladium species under nearly identical reaction conditions, which subsequently react on the same reaction site but lead to different products.
Pt Nanoparticles Loaded on Bimetallic Porphyrinic MOF for Selective Hydrogenation Reactions
Authors: Zhao Meihua , Li Zhuo , Chen Jianfa , Guo Danyu , Nie Zhongfen , Fang Ruiqi , Li Yingwei
Published: February 2025

Metal nanoparticles (MNPs) loaded on metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) show promising catalytic performances in various reactions, but finely tuning the electronic properties of MNPs remains challenging. Herein, metal NP‐MOF synergy has been finely regulated by incorporating Pt NPs into PCN‐224 (FeCo). The as‐prepared Pt/PCN‐224 (FeCo) exhibited high catalytic activity in the hydrogenation of various carbonyl substrates. Detailed characterizations and mechanistic studies revealed that the Fe/Co sites of the ligands can effectively tune the electronic properties of Pt NPs, which achieved promoted capability to activate H2. The atomic hydrogen (H*) produced by Pt sites mainly migrated to the Co sites to promote the hydrogenation process via hydrogen spillover, thereby enhancing the catalytic activity. This work is devoted to a promising strategy to optimize the catalytic performance of MOF‐based nanomaterials by incorporating metal NPs in the thermocatalytic systems.
Physical characteristics and controlling factors of tight sandstone gas reservoir: A case study of upper Palaeozoic tight sandstone in Shenmu Mizhi area
Authors: Wu Yufeng , Zhang Yuting , Fu Guomin
Published: February 2025

The Shenmu Mizhi area has multi‐layered gas bearing formations, but the pore structure of the tight reservoirs in the area is complex. In this paper, first, the source characteristics of the reservoir in the study area were analyzed, and the reservoir petrological characteristics such as clastic characteristics, rock fragment characteristics, and reservoir filling material characteristics were explored. Second, the pore structure and throat characteristics of the study area were analyzed based on the genesis and distribution of pores, combined with morphology and structure. Third, the pore structure characteristics were elucidated, and the frequency distribution of porosity and permeability of typical rock cores were characterized. Results show the following: (a) The main types of pores are rock debris dissolution pores, followed by intergranular pores. The average facial recognition rate for a Qian 5 section is 2.42%. (b) Except for the Qian 5 section, the average mercury removal efficiency of all other layers is greater than 30%. (c) The porosity distribution range of the Qian 5 section of the Shiqianfeng Formation is 2.8% to 17.3%, with an average value of 8.5% and a main value range of >12%; The distribution range of permeability is 0.001–287.5 × 10−3 μm2, with an average value of 3.31 × 10−3 μm2 and a main value range of >1 × 10−3 μm2.
Prevalence of Epstein‐Barr Virus, Cytomegalovirus, and Periodontopathic Bacteria in Patients With Periodontitis: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Herrero‐Sánchez Alicia , Haroyan‐Darbinyan Evelina
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Opportunistic viruses such as cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) have been detected in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva of patients with periodontal disease. However, the relationship between herpesviruses and periodontitis remains obscure. The aim of this case–control study was the detection and association of CMV and EBV with periodontitis.

Material and Methods

Forty‐eight adults were included in this study: 24 patients with periodontitis (CP) and 24 periodontally healthy individuals (HS). All patients underwent periodontal examination, including probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), plaque index (PI), and bleeding on probing (BOP). Subgingival biofilm samples were collected from all patients and real‐time PCR was performed for viral and bacterial detection. The odds ratio (OR) was calculated, and the chi‐squared test or Fisher's exact test was performed to analyze the significant differences.

Results

EBV was detected only in one healthy patient meanwhile no CMV was found. No statistically significant differences were found between the periodontal clinical parameters of EBV‐positive patients and the negative ones: PI (p = 0.090), PD (p = 0.857), CAL (p = 0.801), and BOP (p = 0.104). Except for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythia (Tf), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), and Treponema denticola (Td) showed a statistically significant association (p < 0.001) with the clinical periodontal parameters. Aa presence was not statistically associated with periodontal sites (p < 0.296). Tf and Pg were the most frequently detected periodontopathic bacteria in the CP group (91.7% sites).

Conclusion

The present case–control study showed that the prevalence of EBV and CMV did not show significant differences between the groups evaluated in the Spanish population.
TIA Design for FMCW LiDAR Systems
Authors: Chegeni Amin , Sturm Johannes
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a design methodology for a transimpedance amplifier (TIA) that emphasizes enhanced power supply rejection ratio (PSRR), specifically tailored for long‐distance frequency‐modulated continuous‐wave (FMCW) LiDAR systems. In these advanced systems, when critical components such as the transmitter, receiver, and optical phase shifters are integrated into a system‐on‐chip (SoC), the power supply is subject to significant fluctuations. These fluctuations primarily result from the high current switching activities inherent in these components. Given the extremely weak amplitude of the received optical signals, it is imperative that the TIA, serving as the initial stage of signal amplification, possesses a robust ability to reject variations in the power supply to maintain signal integrity. Another critical challenge in TIA design is the rejection of input DC current. Typically, the AC current signal, which carries the desired distance information, is accompanied by a substantial DC current. If left unaddressed, this DC component can saturate the TIA, thereby preventing the accurate amplification of the AC signal. To overcome this, the proposed TIA incorporates a mechanism specifically designed to reject the DC current, ensuring that the amplifier operates within its optimal range and effectively processes the weak AC signal. The proposed TIA architecture not only addresses the DC current rejection but also significantly improves the PSRR, making it highly suitable for the stringent demands of integrated LiDAR systems. Furthermore, the versatility of the proposed TIA design allows it to be applied in other systems that encounter similar challenges with power supply variations and input DC current interference. Detailed post layout simulations conducted using the 0.25‐μm IHP standard CMOS process demonstrate that the proposed TIA achieves a substantial improvement in PSRR, with a 30‐dB enhancement compared with conventional TIA designs. This performance is maintained even in the presence of input DC current, underscoring the efficacy of the proposed design in real‐world applications. The results indicate that the proposed TIA design is a robust and efficient solution for SoC‐based FMCW LiDAR systems and other applications requiring high sensitivity and resilience to power supply disturbances.
Side‐by‐side versus stent‐in‐stent technique for stent deployment during systemic chemotherapy in biliary tract cancer patients with malignant hilar biliary obstruction
Authors: Imamura Shunsuke , Watanabe Kazuo , Inoue Kanae , Taira Tomonao , Shibuki Taro , Satake Tomoyuki , Yamaguchi Shota , Sasaki Mitsuhito , Imaoka Hiroshi , Mitsunaga Shuichi , Ikeda Masafumi
Published: February 2025

Objectives

With the improved prognosis of patients with biliary tract cancer (BTC) owing to advances in chemotherapy, long‐term stent patency has become an important goal in patients undergoing biliary stent placement. We compared the duration of stent patency between unresectable BTC patients undergoing multi‐stenting for malignant hilar biliary obstruction by the side‐by‐side (SBS) and stent‐in‐stent (SIS) techniques during systemic chemotherapy.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated the data of 62 unresectable BTC patients who underwent multi‐stenting before the first or second cycle of first‐line chemotherapy. Stent deployment was performed by the SBS technique in 40 patients (SBS group) and by the SIS technique in 22 patients (SIS group).

Results

The median time‐to‐recurrent biliary obstruction was 147 days in the SBS group and 252 days in the SIS (p = 0.029), being longer in the SIS group. The rates of development of early adverse events were 28% and 9% (p = 0.09) and the rates of development of late adverse events were 26% and 14% in the SBS and SIS groups (p = 0.27). The median overall survival was 480 days in the SBS group and 563 days in the SIS group (p = 0.92).

Conclusion

The duration of stent patency was shorter in the SBS group than in the SIS group; thus, the SIS technique is preferable to the SBS technique for biliary stent deployment in unresectable BTC patients during systemic chemotherapy.
Terrestrial wildlife shows limited response in spatiotemporal activity to logging
Authors: Wong Seth Timothy , Guharajan Roshan , Petrus Azrie , Jubili Jaffly , Kissing Johnny , Lagan Peter , Ong Robert , Wilting Andreas , Sollmann Rahel
Published: February 2025

While habitat loss and hunting remain the major drivers of biodiversity declines, sublethal disturbances, such as human presence, recreation, and noise also impact wildlife. In response, wildlife often adjust their spatiotemporal behaviors. This study assesses how terrestrial wildlife responds to sublethal disturbances associated with sustainable logging activities. Using camera traps, we conducted a 2‐year continuous survey of two logging compartments within an active, sustainably logged forest reserve in central Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. The survey encompassed periods before, during, and after logging activities, and we obtained daily felling data. Using generalized linear mixed models, we assessed the impact of logging on the spatiotemporal activity of 10 terrestrial mammal and galliform species, considering spatial factors like logging intensity and distance from logging activity, and temporal factors such as days since logging. Four species had a significant and strong response to logging intensity, with varied directions of effect. Only for one species, the response to logging intensity was mediated by time since logging. Though only descriptive, we found no evidence of diel activity shifts, and, for all other species detected during our survey, general patterns in the number of records across each logging period were mixed. Our results highlight the variable and species‐specific responses to logging activity. At a local scale, many species exhibit resilience in their spatiotemporal activity patterns, but for affected species, the effects of logging appear to linger over time. The overall limited response could be due to the relatively low disturbance nature of reduced‐impact logging.
Real‐Time VCC Monitoring and Forecasting in HEK‐Cell‐Based rAAV Vector Production Using Capacitance Spectroscopy
Authors: Machleid Rafael , Nunna Suneetha , George Ajith , Austerjost Jonas , Tomala Magda , Surowiec Izabella
Published: February 2025

Recombinant adeno‐associated virus (rAAV) vector production is a complex process in which the robust cultivation of human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) plays a critical role in generating high‐quality viral vectors. Tracking the viable cell concentration (VCC) during upstream production is essential for process monitoring and for implementing actions that ensure optimal process management. The advent of inline capacitance probes has introduced a crucial process analytical technology (PAT) tool for real‐time VCC measurement. Here, we present the development and application of a method for real‐time monitoring of VCC in HEK293‐based rAAV vector production. In a first step, BioPAT Viamass probes were used to record capacitance data of individual 10 L rAAV‐8 batches within a frequency range of 50 kHz–20 MHz. Based on the capacitance data, a linear single‐frequency model and an orthogonal partial least square (OPLS) multifrequency model for VCC prediction were developed. Subsequently, these models were deployed inline, and predictions were exposed into BioPAT MFCS bioprocess control software, enabling real‐time VCC monitoring in subsequent rAAV‐8 production batches. In addition, the continuous VCC signal was used as input for an exponential cell growth model that was deployed inline to provide accurate real‐time forecasting of the transfection time point. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of inline deployment of VCC and Time‐Till‐Transfection predictive models to the bioprocess control system for real‐time monitoring and forecasting of these parameters in HEK‐cell‐based transient rAAV vector production.
Environmentally friendly agar‐agar biomaterial‐based triboelectric nanogenerator for sustainable electronics
Authors: Patil Omkar A. , Ghode Sourabh B. , Patil Snehal L. , Chougale Mahesh Y. , Patil Swapnil R. , Patil Chandrashekhar S. , Bagade Amit A. , Sonkawade Aniket R. , Tiwari Arpita Pandey , Kamat Rajanish K. , Bae Jinho , Dongale Tukaram D.
Published: February 2025

For the development of advanced technologies, sustainable materials are getting much attention to develop self‐powered devices/battery‐free technology. Considering the need for environmental friendliness and sustainability, we have developed the agar‐agar biomaterial‐based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) device in the present work. The triboelectric properties of the agar‐agar biomaterial have been studied and demonstrated their tribopositive behavior. Initially, different electronegative layers, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were tested together with agar‐agar biomaterial for TENG application. The agar‐agar/PTFE TENG device exhibited excellent output performance (open circuit voltage 656 V, current 35 μA, and instantaneous power 3307 μW (per unit area: 275.58 μW/cm2)) as compared with agar‐agar/PET and agar‐agar/PDMS TENG devices. The area and frequency‐dependent studies were carried out for agar‐agar/PTFE TENG devices. In the present case, 4 × 3 cm device size and 4 Hz frequency conditions show outstanding device performance. From the applications point of view, low‐power electronic devices (LEDs and calculator) were operated with optimized agar‐agar/PTFE TENG devices. These results suggested that the agar‐agar/PTFE device is an excellent candidate to develop sustainable energy technology.
Study on the Multi‐Field Coupling Effect and Temperature Evolution Law of Coal and Gas Outburst Incubation Process in the Fault‐Affected Area
Authors: Hao Jianfeng , Liu Han , Sun Weiji , Li Runzhi , Shi Zhanshan , Fang Shengjie , Guo Chunyu
Published: February 2025

The multi‐field coupling relationship and temperature evolution mechanism of gas‐containing coal in areas affected by geological structures were investigated, focusing specifically on the engineering aspects of a reverse fault in the No. 3 coal seam at the Xinjing Coal Mine. An analysis was conducted to examine the thermal‐fluid‐solid coupling behavior of gas‐containing coal. A thermal‐fluid‐solid coupling model for gas‐containing coal, accounting for the effects of damage, was developed to simulate the incubation process of coal and gas outbursts within the fault zone during the advancement of the working face. The study has indicated that faults not only degrade the mechanical properties of the surrounding coal‐rock mass, but also disrupt the continuity of coal seam stress. Gas tends to accumulate near fault zones, resulting in differences in the gas pressure and content on either side of the fault, thereby substantially increasing the likelihood of coal and gas outbursts. The primary factors influencing temperature variations include deformation energy, energy from gas expansion, thermal convection, thermal conduction, and the thermal effects associated with adsorption and desorption. Among these factors, the endothermic effect associated with adsorption and desorption significantly influences the temperature fluctuations in coal. The results of this study provide a theoretical foundation for exploring the mechanisms underlying coal and gas outbursts, improving the interdisciplinary coupling theory for coal and gas systems and employing temperature metrics to predict such outbursts.
Distributed Cooperative Spectrum Optimization Method Based on Coalition Formation Game for Ocean and Traffic Iot
Authors: Li Junzhe , Wang Rong , Huo Yuan , Tian Wen
Published: February 2025

With the acceleration of globalization and the advent of rapid technological development, the advancement of Ocean Internet of Things (OIoT) and Traffic Internet of Things (TIoT) communications is of particular significance. However, the existing problems are the scarcity of spectrum resources at sea, the presence of malicious jamming from external sources, and mutual interference within the system itself for OIoT and TIoT systems. It is therefore crucial to enhance spectrum utilization for maritime users and shore‐side traffic. To tackle this issue, we propose a distributed anti‐jamming cooperative spectrum decision‐making method based on a coalition formation game. Specifically, it achieves stable coalition grouping by optimizing coalition formation strategies, thereby increasing the transmission rate. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the proposed coalition formation game can reach the Nash equilibrium solution through the application of exact potential game theory. Our proposed method ensures the feasibility of spectrum optimization in dynamic environments. Compared with other coalition formation algorithms, our proposed algorithm reduces the number of iterations needed for convergence by 50%, thus guaranteeing real‐time system performance. Finally, the results of our simulations indicate that our strategy outperforms existing approaches in terms of total rate performance.
Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Based on Stimuli‐Responsive Aggregation of Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Chang Xiaowei , Wang Huaiyu , Chen Xin
Published: February 2025

Gold nanomaterials have been used in the diagnosis and treatment of different tumors due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Among them, gold nanoparticles with stimuli‐responsive aggregation functions have attracted extensive attention because they can meet the unique needs of tumor diagnosis and treatment at different stages through structural changes. However, how to effectively modify gold nanoparticles to achieve structural transformation for specific stimuli, and the role of corresponding structural transformation in improving the effect of diagnosis and treatment still lack systematic summary. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the current strategies for inducing gold nanoparticles aggregation and its advances in tumor diagnosis and treatment.
Intermodal Consistency of Whole‐Brain Connectivity and Signal Propagation Delays
Authors: Jedynak Maciej , Troisi Lopez Emahnuel , Romano Antonella , Jirsa Viktor , David Olivier , Sorrentino Pierpaolo
Published: February 2025

Measuring propagation of perturbations across the human brain and their transmission delays is critical for network neuroscience, but it is a challenging problem that still requires advancement. Here, we compare results from a recently introduced, noninvasive technique of functional delays estimation from source‐reconstructed electro/magnetoencephalography, to the corresponding findings from a large dataset of cortico‐cortical evoked potentials estimated from intracerebral stimulations of patients suffering from pharmaco‐resistant epilepsies. The two methods yield significantly similar probabilistic connectivity maps and signal propagation delays, in both cases characterized with Pearson correlations greater than 0.5 (when grouping by stimulated parcel is applied for delays). This similarity suggests a correspondence between the mechanisms underpinning the propagation of spontaneously generated scale‐free perturbations (i.e., neuronal avalanches observed in resting state activity studied using magnetoencephalography) and the spreading of cortico‐cortical evoked potentials. This manuscript provides evidence for the accuracy of the estimate of functional delays obtained noninvasively from reconstructed sources.

Conversely, our findings show that estimates obtained from externally induced perturbations in patients capture physiological activities in healthy subjects. In conclusion, this manuscript constitutes a mutual validation between two modalities, broadening their scope of applicability and interpretation. Importantly, the capability to measure delays noninvasively (as per MEG) paves the way for the inclusion of functional delays in personalized large‐scale brain models as well as in diagnostic and prognostic algorithms.
Admiration and Malicious Envy Among Chinese Adolescents: Differences in Retrospection and Anticipation
Authors: Hao Haiping , Hu Qiao , Rakoro Lieketseng Joyce , Liao Wei , Huang Tingting , Lyu Houchao
Published: February 2025

Previous studies have shown that anticipation induces stronger emotions than retrospection, a phenomenon known as temporal emotion asymmetry. However, prior research has been limited to Western contexts. Since Eastern populations often emphasise the past more than their Western counterparts, temporal emotion asymmetry may manifest differently. Therefore, we examined the temporal asymmetry of admiration and malicious envy among Chinese adolescents. We conducted five experiments: Actual events from a self‐perspective (Experiment 1; N = 76), hypothetical events from a self‐perspective (Experiment 2; N = 74), time travel from a self‐perspective (Experiment 3; N = 96), forced‐choice from a self‐perspective (Experiment 4; N = 94) and forced‐choice from an other‐perspective (Experiment 5; N = 164). The results showed that admiration exhibited a past bias, with retrospection eliciting stronger admiration than anticipation. In contrast, malicious envy exhibited different patterns of temporal asymmetry. When the threat of future negative events was high, malicious envy exhibited a future bias; however, as this threat weakened, it shifted toward a past bias. These findings provide insights into the boundary effects of temporal emotion asymmetry. We recommend that, when fostering admiration in Chinese adolescents, greater emphasis should be placed on guiding them to recall others' accomplishments.
Mathematics Self‐Efficacy of Brazilian High School Students: A Mixed‐Methods Approach Study
Authors: Iaochite Roberto Tadeu , da Matos Mayara Mota , da Costa Filho Roraima Alves , Azzi Roberta Gurgel , Maciel Ana Cecília de Medeiros
Published: February 2025

This study examines the mathematics self‐efficacy of 833 high school students from four Brazilian public schools. Using an exploratory cross‐sectional design with a mixed‐methods approach, students completed online instruments including a sociodemographic questionnaire, scales measuring various self‐efficacy domains (mathematics, self‐regulated learning, social and emotional) and open‐ended questions about their perceived attributes in learning mathematics. Multiple regression analysis revealed that student characteristics and self‐efficacy domains collectively explained 47.4% of the variance in mathematics self‐efficacy. Qualitative analysis revealed the complex nature of mathematics self‐efficacy, emphasising students' perceptions of their strengths and weaknesses in learning. The study underscores the significant influence of student characteristics and self‐efficacy domains, highlighting the importance of mixed‐methods approaches for deeper insights and guiding future educational interventions.
Romantic Competence and Courtship Skills: From the First Romantic Impulse to the Management of Mutuality
Authors: Toledano Noemí , Viejo Carmen , Ortega‐Ruiz Rosario
Published: February 2025

Introduction

When adolescents have their first romantic experiences and start to form couples for the first time, these are normative practices which provide them with company, support and intimacy. However, the protagonists can also find them stressful and, at times, complicated. Romantic competence (RC) consists of a set of individual and mutual skills which are used to facilitate our emotional and social lives. In this study, we aim to deepen our knowledge about how RC is used, and the patterns or profiles present in the use of these skills.

Methods

2,400 Spanish adolescents (47.7% girls) between the ages of 12 and 18 took part in the study. A confirmatory factor analysis divided RC into individual or mutual competences, and, using cluster analysis, established three clearly defined profiles to describe the protagonists: ineffective in procedural and mutual management skills; ineffective in procedural skills and competent in mutual management skills; and competent in procedural and mutual management skills. The main discriminating factors for defining these profiles were age and romantic experience.

Results

The results show that older adolescents with more romantic experience perceive themselves as being more skilled in both individual and mutual competences, and that there is a progressive development of RC skills from initiating a relationship to its later stages.

Conclusion

Our discussion of the results hopes to shed more light on the complexity of adolescents' intimate romantic lives, as well as to illustrate the importance of this knowledge for improving educational practices and helping prevent problems such as the psychogenesis of gender‐based violence.
Macroeconomic Responses to Uncertainty Shocks: The Perils of Recursive Orderings
Authors: Kilian Lutz , Plante Michael D. , Richter Alexander W.
Published: February 2025

A common practice in empirical macroeconomics is to examine alternative recursive orderings of the variables in structural vector autoregressive (VAR) models. When the implied impulse responses look similar, the estimates are considered trustworthy. When they do not, the estimates are used to bound the true response without directly addressing the identification challenge. A leading example of this practice is the literature on the effects of uncertainty shocks on economic activity. We prove by counterexample and show by simulation that this practice is invalid, whether the data generating process is a structural VAR model or a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model. Simulation evidence suggests that the underlying identification challenge can be addressed using an instrumental variables estimator.
A Robust and Versatile QM/MM Interface for Molecular Dynamics in GROMOS
Authors: Poliak Peter , Bleiziffer Patrick , Pultar Felix , Riniker Sereina , Oostenbrink Chris
Published: February 2025

The integration of quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics (QM/MM) within molecular dynamics simulations is crucial to accurately model complex biochemical systems. Here, we present an enhanced implementation of the QM/MM interface in the GROMOS simulation package, introducing significant improvements in functionality and user control. We present new features, including the link atom scheme, which allows the modeling of QM regions as a part of bigger molecules. Benchmark tests on various systems, including QM water in water, amino acids in water, and tripeptides validate the reliability of the new functionalities. Performance evaluations demonstrate that the updated implementation is efficient, with the primary computational burden attributed to the QM program rather than the QM/MM interface or the MD program itself. The improved QM/MM interface enables more advanced investigations into biomolecular reactivity, enzyme catalysis, and other phenomena requiring detailed quantum mechanical treatment within classical simulations. This work represents a significant advancement in the capabilities of GROMOS, providing enhanced tools to explore complex molecular systems.
Low‐Frequency Noise Analysis of GSCG Double‐Gate MOSFET in the Subthreshold Region
Authors: Bardhan Srikrishna , Jena Pradipta Kumar , Misra Sarita , Das Sanghamitra , Pati Sudhansu Kumar
Published: February 2025

This paper presents the noise analysis of double‐gate MOSFETs with gate stacking and channel grading (GSCG). In particular, the low‐frequency noise, flicker noise, or thermal noise power spectral densities are presented by varying different geometrical parameters of the device, such as the length and thickness of the channel (L and tsi, respectively), and the thickness of the gate‐oxide and high‐k insulating material (t1 and t2, respectively) in the subthreshold region. Prior to developing the mathematical formulations for flicker noise and thermal noise PSDs, we first propose the analytical models for drain current and inversion charge density. Published experimental results are used to validate the drain current model and flicker noise model (both normalized and unnormalized). The results obtained from the model show excellent matching with the experimental data. Our findings show that the effect of flicker noise decreases as the operating frequency increases. Owing to the reduced carrier mobility in the conducting channel and carrier scattering at the oxide–semiconductor interfaces of the proposed device, the device's performance can be enhanced by lowering the flicker noise level as the channel length and the thicknesses of both insulating materials (SiO2 and HfO2) increase. Similarly, the thermal noise PSD can be reduced by increasing the channel thickness. Our proposed device's flicker and thermal noise study in the subthreshold region points to a possible contender that can be employed for both analog/RF applications and a wide range of frequencies.
Comparative Effects of Bacillus strains applied Via Seed Biopriming and Soil Drenching Applications on the Morpho‐Physiological and Transcriptional Aspects of Cotton
Authors: Mahmood Tahir , Moosa Anam , Zulfiqar Faisal , Aslam Muhammad Naveed , Zhao Hongwei , Mohammadi Meisam , İzgü Tolga , Bozkurt Taner , Ahmed Temoor , Darwish Doaa Bahaa Eldin
Published: February 2025

Biofertilizers are considered as a sustainable solution for promoting the growth and productivity of crops while reducing the dependence on chemical fertilizers. There is a growing need for the sustainable agricultural solutions to lessen the reliance on chemical fertilizers; thus, evaluating Bacillus strains as biofertilizers for cotton growth promotion can support eco‐friendly and economically viable crop production. Therefore, the growth promoting potential of endophytic Bacillus altitudinis strain TM22 and B. atrophaeus strain MCM61 applied as soil drenching or seed treatment, was evaluated on cotton cv. 'SS32'. In vitro, the qualitative assay both TM22 and MCM61 showed proteolytic, amylolytic, lipolytic, cellulolytic, and chitinolytic activity. TM22 and MCM61 strains also demonstrated the ability to produce siderophores, indole 3‐acetic acid (IAA), and phosphate solubilization. In the pot experiment, seed biopriming with TM22 and MCM61 had better performance regarding plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, stomatal conductance, and relative leaf water contents than the soil drenching application. The gene expression analysis of growth hormones‐related genes demonstrated that TM22 and MCM61 showed an upregulated expression of ARF1, ARF18, EXP6, IAA9, GIB1b, and CKX6 while ERF and ERF17 genes were downregulated. Overall, these findings suggest that seed biopriming with B. altitudinis TM22 and B. atrophaeus MCM61 is an effective method with the potential to enhance the biomass of cotton.
Alcohol Intake and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Are Independently Associated With a Higher AST/Platelet Ratio Index in Obese Males
Authors: Fujii Hideki , Kamada Yoshihiro , Suzuki Yuichiro , Sawada Koji , Tatsuta Miwa , Maeshiro Tatsuji , Tobita Hiroshi , Tsutsumi Tsubasa , Akahane Takemi , Hasebe Chitomi , Kawanaka Miwa , Kessoku Takaomi , Eguchi Yuichiro , Syokita Hayashi , Nakajima Atsushi , Kamada Tomoari , Yoshiji Hitoshi , Kawaguchi Takumi , Sakugawa Hiroshi , Morishita Asahiro , Masaki Tsutomu , Ohmura Takumi , Watanabe Toshio , Yoda Yoshioki , Enomoto Nobuyuki , Ono Masafumi , Fuyama Kanako , Okada Kazufumi , Nishimoto Naoki , Ito Yoichi M. , Takahashi Hirokazu , Sumida Yoshio ,   Japan Study Group of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (JSG‐NAFLD)
Published: February 2025

It remains unclear whether alcohol intake and cardiometabolic factors are simultaneously associated with liver fibrosis progression in Japanese obese patients. This study investigated factors influencing liver fibrosis progression using the Aspartate Aminotransferase/Platelet Ratio Index (APRI), which does not include age. We conducted a cross‐sectional study of 26 737 obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) adults undergoing health checkups. Steatotic liver disease (SLD) was diagnosed via ultrasonography. Clinical characteristics were analysed according to BMI category and APRI to identify risk factors for advanced liver fibrosis (APRI > 1.0). The prevalence of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and SLD increased with increasing BMI. On multivariable analysis in male, significant risk factors for advanced liver fibrosis included increased BMI (BMI 30–34.9 kg/m2: OR 2.64, 95% CI 1.89–3.69, p < 0.001; BMI 35–39.9 kg/m2: OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.89–3.69, p = 0.002; BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2: OR 3.51, 95% CI 1.24–9.96, p = 0.018), SLD (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.49–3.05, p < 0.001), moderate alcohol intake (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.03–1.79, p = 0.031), heavy alcohol intake (OR 4.31, 95% CI 2.90–6.40, p < 0.001), high blood pressure (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.01–1.67, p = 0.044), and high fasting blood glucose (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.12–2.28, p = 0.008). In female, only age > 65 years (OR 3.02, 95% CI1.93–4.73, p < 0.001), BMI, and high uric acid (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.15–3.68, p = 0.015) were extracted. In an obese male, alcohol intake and cardiometabolic factors were associated with liver fibrosis progression based on APRI, independent of elevated BMI and SLD.
Prey particle surface property mediates differential selection by the ubiquitous appendicularian Oikopleura dioica
Authors: Hiebert Terra C. , Aasjord Anne E. , Chourrout Daniel M. , Thompson Anne W. , Sutherland Kelly R.
Published: February 2025

Cell surface properties can strongly mediate microbial interactions with predators in soil and host‐pathogen systems. Yet, the role of microbial surface properties in avoiding or enhancing predation in the ocean is less well known. Appendicularians are globally abundant marine suspension feeders that capture marine microorganisms in a complex mucous filtration system. We used artificial microspheres to test whether the surface properties of prey particles influenced selection by the appendicularian, Oikopleura dioica. We used a range of microsphere sizes (0.5, 1, 2, and 3 μm), concentrations (~ 103–106 particles mL−1), and two charges (amine‐modified, more positive vs. carboxylate‐modified, more negative) to represent open‐ocean microbial communities. We found that appendicularians selected between the particles of different charge. More negatively charged particles were enriched in the gut by up to 3.8‐fold, while more positive particles were enriched in the mucous filters by up to 4.7‐fold, leading to different particle fates. These results expand understanding of the mechanisms by which filter‐feeders select between prey and reveal a mechanism by which marine bacteria could rapidly alter their susceptibility to predation, either through adaption or acclimation.
Effect of rare earth cerium on the microstructure and properties of Cu‐12Sn‐4Ni alloy
Authors: Jia Z. , Zhang Z. , Lu Y. , Ji J. , Xiao J. , Zhao Y.
Published: February 2025

The microstructure and properties of the Cu‐12Sn‐4Ni alloy were analyzed by incorporating varying amounts of the rare earth element cerium. The study compared the alloy‘s microstructure, hardness, strength, friction, and wear. The results showed that adding 0.04 % of rare earth cerium refined the grain size of the Cu‐12Sn‐4Ni alloy from 75 μm to 200 μm to 75 μm to125 μm. The hardness of the alloy increased by 22.78 % to 135.897 HV 0.1 after adding cerium, and the tensile strength of the alloy reached its highest peak at 452.08 MPa, with an elongation of up to 64.735 % after fracture. Additionally, the wear rate of the material decreased by about 38.6 % to 1.61×10−5 mm3/mm. In conclusion, the addition of the rare‐earth element cerium successfully improved the structure and properties of the Cu‐12Sn‐4Ni alloy, leading to enhanced hardness, strength, and wear resistance.
KNIME Workflows for Chemoinformatic Characterization of Chemical Databases
Authors: Ramírez‐Márquez Carlos D. , Medina‐Franco José L.
Published: February 2025

In chemoinformatics, chemical databases have great importance since their main objective is to store and organize the chemical structures of molecules and their properties, from basic information such as chemical structure to more complex like molecular fingerprints or other types of calculated or experimental descriptors and biological activity. However, this data can only be utilized in projects to identify novel therapeutic molecules or other fields through their correct characterization and analysis. In this Application Note, we compiled five workflows within the open‐source data analytics and visualization platform KNIME that can be implemented for the chemoinformatic characterization of databases. To illustrate the application of the workflows, we used BIOFACQUIM, a compound database of natural products isolated and characterized in Mexico [1].
Multiscale Topology Optimization Based on Moving Iso‐Surface Threshold Using Isogeometric Analysis
Authors: Su Xiaonan , Chen Wenjiong
Published: February 2025

This paper aims to optimize both the topology of microstructure and macrostructure, by using the Moving Iso‐ Surface Threshold (MIST) method under the framework of Isogeometric Analysis (IGA). To achieve this, the physical response and the equivalent properties of the microstructure are solved by IGA. The physical response functions are defined at the control points. The NURBS fitting method is used to fit the physical response function, generating a NURBS surface for describing the physical response function, that is, the explicitly described physical response function surface. An iso‐surface cut the NURBS physical response surfaces to obtain the explicitly described structure topology. In addition, the standard IGS files of the NURBS physical response surface and iso‐surface can be transferred to Computer‐Aided‐Design (CAD) software without post‐processing. The multiscale structure can be easily assembled in CAD software using the proposed method. Finally, several numerical examples are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method. Obtained results show good agreement with examples in literature in terms of both topology and final value of objective function.
A Hybrid Collocation Method for Long‐Time Simulation of Heat Conduction in Anisotropic Functionally Graded Materials
Authors: Qiu Lin , Wang Fajie , Qu Wenzhen , Lin Ji , Gu Yan , Qin Qing‐Hua
Published: February 2025

This study proposes a hybrid collocation approach for simulating heat conduction problems in anisotropic functionally graded materials over extended time intervals. In this approach, the Krylov deferred correction (KDC) scheme is employed for the temporal discretization of dynamic problems, featuring a novel numerical implementation designed to ensure the precise satisfaction of boundary conditions. The localized radial basis function (LRBF) collocation method is modified and utilized to solve the resulting boundary value problems. A new radial basis function is developed and combined with an optimization strategy for the distribution of source points to enhance the performance of the LRBF scheme. This method synergizes the KDC technique, which supports large time step sizes, with the LRBF collocation method, characterized by its truly meshless nature, to address dynamic problems over long durations. Additionally, the coefficient matrix produced by the LRBF method is sparse and depends solely on the spatial distances between collocation points and source points, which is advantageous for long‐term simulations. Numerical simulations spanning thousands of time steps demonstrate the accuracy, stability, and convergence of the hybrid approach. The developed numerical framework shows significant improvements over existing methods, particularly in handling dynamic problems with substantial temperature variations.