bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tükenmişlik ve İş Tatmini İlişkisinde Ankara-Kızılay’daki Banka Çalışanları Örneği
Authors: ÇELEBİ Furkan
Published: October 2018

Bireyin ideal
çalışma şartlarındaki değişkenlerin neler olduğunu anlamaya ve açıklamaya
çalışan çoğu araştırmacı iş tatmini ve tükenmişlik ilişkisine de yanıtlar
aramıştır. Stresle baş etmekte zorlanan, yoğun ve uzun süreli baskı altında
kalan kişiler tükenmişlik yaşayarak zamanla psikolojik, daha sonra fizyolojik
en sonunda da davranışsal yönüyle bireysel ve örgütsel boyutta bir takım negatif
sonuçlarla karşılaşabilmektedir. Kişinin iş yeri mutluluğunu, işten
beklentisinin karşılanma düzeyini ifade eden iş tatmini de tükenmişlikle
doğrudan ilişkili bir kavramdır. Bankacılarda tükenmişliğin iş tatmini ile
ilişkisini inceleyen bu çalışmada duygusal tükenmişlik ve duyarsızlaşma
boyutunun iş tatmini ile anlamlı ve negatif ilişki içerisinde olduğu, kişisel
başarı boyutunun ise anlamlı bir şekilde pozitif ilişkili olduğu sonucuna
ulaşılmıştır. İlaveten iş tatmini algısının bazı demografik değişkenlere göre gruplar
arasında anlamlı şekilde farklılaştığı tespit edilmiştir.
Muhasebe Meslek Mensuplarının Hile Yapmaya Eğilim Düzeylerinin Tespitine İlişkin Bir Araştırma
Authors: DOĞAN Zeki , GÜLÇİN Kadir , NAZLI Elif
Published: October 2018

Uluslararası
sermaye dolaşımı her gün hız kazanırken, serbest piyasa koşulları içerisinde
rekabet gücüde zorlaşmaktadır. Güçlü sermayenin ve haksız rekabetin oluşması
piyasadaki mevcut dengeleri de değiştirmektedir. Piyasa koşullarının sağlanması
ticari devamlılığı korurken, bu koşullara ayak uydurulamaması gün geçtikçe
ticari zorluklara neden olmaktadır. Bu ticari zorluklar ile mücadelede bazen
yasal olmayan yollar da tercih edilmektedir. Bilinçli olarak seçilen ve
başvurulan bu yollardan biri de hiledir. Hile ise işletme ile ilgili tüm tarafların
aldatılmasına neden olmaktadır. İşletmeler sadece rekabet gücünü artırmak için
değil, farklı nedenlerden dolayı da yasal olmayan yollara yani hile yapma eğilimi
içinde olabilmektedirler. Gerçek dışı ticari kar veya zarar gösterilmek
istenmesi, işletme dışına karşılıksız nakit çıkışı sağlanması, işletme
içerisine nakit girişi sağlayacak yasal olmayan yolların aranması, hileye birer
örnek olarak verilebilir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı da, muhasebe meslek
mensuplarının hile yapmaya eğilim düzeylerini tespit etmektir. Bu amaca
ulaşabilmek için  ise, muhasebe meslek
mensuplarına yönelik ankete dayalı bir araştırma yapılmıştır. Elde edilen
veriler t-testi (Independent-Samples T Test) ve tek yönlü varyans (One-Way
ANOVA) aracılığı ile analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi
ile de muhasebe meslek mensuplarının hile yapmaya eğilim düzeyleri  tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Sistem Informasi Kehadiran Dosen dan Mahasiswa Menggunakan Sidik Jari pada Program Studi Informatika Universitas Tanjungpura
Authors: Raharjo Agus Prasetyo , Negara Arif Bijaksana Putra , Safriadi Novi
Published: October 2018

Sistem informasi dalam pelaksanaan proses pembelajaran yang baik akan tercapai apabila didukung dengan kehadiran yang dapat dimonitoring dan dapat diolah secara otomatis. Proses presensi yang sudah ada di Program studi informatika Universitas Tanjungpura belum dapat dimonitoring atau masih secara manual khususnya seperti presensi mahasiswa. Presensi dalam proses perkuliahan dapat didukung dengan menggunakan alat presensi kehadiran berupa fingerprint scanner agar proses presensi dapat diolah secara otomatis. Fingerprint Scanner adalah perangkat otentikasi yang menggunakan identitas biometric dari penggunanya. Alat yang digunakan dapat dihubungkan dengan antar muka website terhadap data yang telah disimpan dari fingerprint scanner. Dokumen pada website disebut dengan web page dan link dalam website memungkinkan pengguna bisa berpindah dari satu page ke page lain (hyper text) dan terkoneksi dalam satu jaringan. Website yang digunakan untuk menampilkan informasi kehadiran mahasiswa dan dosen terhadap jadwal matakuliah. Penelitian ini Menghasilkan sistem informasi yang dapat membantu program studi dalam pelaksanaan monitoring perkuliahan serta membantu dosen dalam mengevaluasi kehadiran mahasiswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga pengujian yaitu black box, kuisoner validitas dan kuisoner reabilitas. Pengujian kuisoner bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat keberhasilan dari sistem yang dibuat. Pengujian validitas kuesioner pada penelitian ini menggunakan koefisien korelasi Pearson. Pertanyaan dinyatakan valid jika nilai korelasi Pearson lebih besar dari nilai rtabel, dan jika sebaliknya maka pertanyaan dinyatakan tidak valid. Pengujian reliabilitas kuesioner ini menggunakan metode Cronbach’s Alpha untuk mengukur kestabilan dan konsistensi responden dalam menjawab pertanyaan. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian disimpulkan bahwa pengujian yang dilakukan aplikasi dapat dimonitring dengan baik dan pengujian kusioner dinilai positif dan berhasil.
Rhodium(III) Complexes Featuring Coordinated CF3 Appendages
Authors: Emerson-King Jack , Prokes Ivan , Chaplin Adrian
Published: October 2018

The synthesis and characterisation of complexes featuring intramolecular CF3➞Rh(III) interactions is described. This bonding is evidenced in the solid state using X-ray diffraction, with Rh–F contacts of 2.36 – 2.45 Å, and in solution using NMR spectroscopy, through detection of time-averaged 1JRhF and 2JPF coupling.
The CryoEM Method MicroED as a Powerful Tool for Small Molecule Structure Determination
Authors: G. Jones Christopher , Martynowycz Michael W. , Hattne Johan , Fulton Tyler J. , Stoltz Brian M. , Rodriguez Jose A. , Nelson Hosea , Gonen Tamir
Published: October 2018

In the many scientific endeavors that are driven by organic chemistry, unambiguous identification of small molecules is of paramount importance. Over the past 50 years, NMR and other powerful spectroscopic techniques have been developed to address this challenge. While almost all of these techniques rely on inference of connectivity, the unambiguous determination of a small molecule’s structure requires X-ray and/or neutron diffraction studies. In practice, however, x-ray crystallography is rarely applied in routine organic chemistry due to intrinsic limitations of both the analytes and the technique. Here we report the use of the CryoEM method MicroED to provide routine and unambiguous structural determination of small organic molecules. From simple powders, with minimal sample preparation, we could collect high quality MicroED data from nanocrystals (~100x100x100 nm, ~10–15g) resulting in atomic resolution (<1 Å) crystal structures in minutes.
Complexos hidrogênio-ligados existentes em Lacunas de Congelamento de sistemas binários entre fenóis e naftóis com bases R2SO e R2SeO
Authors: Saffioti Waldemar , Nazario Germínio , Gullo Isabel Maria de Lorenzo
Published: October 2018

.
Método Espectrofotométrico rápido e simples para dosagem de Cetossacarídeos
Authors: Laluce Cecília , De Carvalho Alírio , Molinari Rubens
Published: October 2018

.
Uma revisão bibliográfica da química de coordenação dos fosfinóxidos
Authors: Massabni Antonio Carlos
Published: October 2018

.
Propriedades termodinâmicas de misturas de líquidos. Dimetilfornamida-água a diferentes temperaturas
Authors: Cilense Mário , Benedetti Assis Vicente , Vollet Dimas Roberto , Marques Margarete
Published: October 2018

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Susceptibilidade magnética de complexos de níquel(II). Complexos com trifenilarsinóxido
Authors: De Oliveira Luiz Fernando Cappa , Massabni Antonio Carlos
Published: October 2018

.
Luminescência de compostos de Eu(III) e hexametilfosforamida como ligante
Authors: Lima Ribeiro Sidney José , Massabni Ana Maria Galindo , Santarini Gerson Antonio
Published: October 2018

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Eletrodos sólidos. I. Comportamento potenciodinâmico do cobre em soluções aquosa de ácido sulfúrico
Authors: Sumodjo Paulo Teng-An , Benedetti Assis Vicente , Fugivara Cecílio Sadao , Moreira Ana Helena
Published: October 2018

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Complexos de crômio(III) com ligantes oxigenados monodentados
Authors: Nogueira Vânia Martins , Massabni Antonio Carlos
Published: October 2018

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Um aparelho de baixo custo e método para realizar microeletroforese
Authors: De Oliveira José Eduardo , Rodrigues Geraldo Stachaetti , Corso Carlos Renato
Published: October 2018

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Termodecomposição de oxalatos de lantânio e ítrio dopados com európio(III)
Authors: Luiz José Marques , Ionashiro Massao , Stucchi Elizabeth Berwerth
Published: October 2018

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Compostos polinucleares: estudo espectroscópico de carbonilo com ligação ferro-mercúrio e de seu aduto com tiouréia
Authors: Mauro Antonio Eduardo , Mancini Maria Nadir Gasparoto
Published: October 2018

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Cinética da flotação da pirita-II. Efeito de alguns coletores
Authors: Dias Filho Newton Luiz , Humeres Eduardo
Published: October 2018

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Energia de ativação para a formação de vacâncias por medidas da resistividade elétrica no equilíbrio térmico
Authors: Beatrice Carlos Roberto Sobreira , Garlipp Waldir , Cilense Mário , Adorno Antonio Tallarico Vicente
Published: October 2018

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Síntese e estudo estrutural de pseudohalogênio complexos de cádmio (II) e mercúrio (II) com tetrametiletilenodiamina
Authors: Mauro Antonio Eduardo , Muraoka Tereza Kazuko
Published: October 2018

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Influência da adição da nióbia na estrutura do PZT
Authors: Nasar Ricardo Silveira , Cerqueira Marinalva , Longo Elson , Varela José Arana
Published: October 2018

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Um procedimento rápido para determinação de resíduos de heptacloro, aldrin e mirex em aguardente de cana
Authors: Poleze Luciana , Ribeiro Maria Lúcia , Francisco Regina Célia de Toledo , Campos Joaquim Theodoro de Souza
Published: October 2018

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Autoinhibition effects of the Sn(OH)4 film on dropping mercury electrode
Authors: Zanoni Maria Valnice Boldrin , Stradiotto Nelson Ramos
Published: October 2018

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Estudo químico e geotécnico das reações de solo tropical com cal hidratada
Authors: Barelli Nilso
Published: October 2018

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Triterpenos das folhas de Guarea guidona L.
Authors: Furlan Maysa , Lopes Marcia Nasser
Published: October 2018

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Estudo da pressão de vapor da metil cetazina e suas soluções aquosas
Authors: Dos Santos Carlos Alberto Moreira , Ferreira Nivaldo Carlos , Calegão Isabel Cristina Coelho
Published: October 2018

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Simulação de ciclos de refrigeração por adsorção sólida com energia solar. II. Estudo comparativo entre os pares zeólita 13x/água e carvão ativo AC-35/metanol
Authors: Escobedo João Francisco , Passos Evandro Ferreira , De Rezende Marco Antonio
Published: October 2018

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Método modificado para determinação de mercúrio por espectrofotometria de absorção atômica sem chama
Authors: Rocha Julio Cesar , Dos Santos Ademir , De Sene Jeosadaque José
Published: October 2018

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Metodologia para determinação quantitativa de Ca2+ por cromatografia planar e espectrofotometria
Authors: Netto José Zuanon , Cazetta Jairo Osvaldo
Published: October 2018

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Estudo termoanalítico da bumetanida
Authors: Valladão Dênia Mendes de Sousa , De Oliveira Lincoln Carlos Silva , Ionashiro Massao , Netto José Zuanon
Published: October 2018

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Produção de substâncias relacionadas a ácidos nucleicos por Streptomyces aureofaciens em meios complexos
Authors: De Oliveira P. L. Corrêa , De Carvalho Alírio , Molinari Rubens
Published: October 2018

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Produção de xarope de glicose a partir a partir de amido de madioca empregando enzimas fúngicas
Authors: Park Yong Kun , Caratti de Lima Dermeval
Published: October 2018

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Influência do solvente e do ligante nitrogenado no processo de oxidação eletroquímica dos carbonilmetais [Fe3(CO)8L2] (L=1,10-fenantrolina e 2,2'-bipiridina)
Authors: Casagrande Júnior Osvaldo de Lázaro , Mauro Antonio Eduardo , Nogueira Vânia Martins
Published: October 2018

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Produção de proteína monocelular e RNA a partir de Candida utilis cultivada em melaço
Authors: Correia Marcos José , Serzedello Alcides
Published: October 2018

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Otimização do procedimento de solubilização de rochas silicáticas em recipientes abertos para análise por ICP-AES
Authors: Bahia Filho Oscar , Moreno Maria Margarita Torres , Nardy Antonio José Ranalli , De Oliveira Marcos Aurélio Farias , Da Silva José Ângelo Ferreira
Published: October 2018

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Determinação de boro em fertilizantes pela colorimetria de azometina-H modificada
Authors: Da Silva Assunta Maria Marques , Graner Celso Augusto Fessil
Published: October 2018

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Produção de substâncias relacionadas a ácidos nucleicos por Aspergillus niger em meios quimicamente definidos
Authors: De Carvalho Alírio , Faria C. R. , Molinari Rubens
Published: October 2018

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Estudos da instabilidade do íon H2O4+ pelo método CNDO/2
Authors: Takahata Yuji
Published: October 2018

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Interaction of the Lewis Acid HSO3F with the compound IrCl(CO) (PPh3)2 and the synthesis of Transition metal hydride complexes
Authors: Garzón Guillermo
Published: October 2018

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Equilibria in acetone medium. VI*. The Cobalt(II) chloride - Tri-n-octylphosphine oxide system
Authors: Melios Cristo Bladimiros , Molina Manuel , Tognolli João Olímpio , Espeleta A. C. P.
Published: October 2018

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Produção de substâncias relacionadas a ácidos nucleicos por Aspergillus niger em meios complexos
Authors: De Carvalho Alírio , Sita Wagner , Molinari Rubens
Published: October 2018

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Determinação espectrofotométrica de chumbo em embriões de galinha pelo método da ditizona
Authors: Sugizaki Mateus , Graner Celso Augusto Fessel
Published: October 2018

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Separação e identificação de ânions por cromatografia em camada delgada
Authors: Netto José Zuanon , Graner Celso Augusto Fessel , Ionashiro Massao
Published: October 2018

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Borsa İstanbul’da Haftaiçi Anomalisi üzerine bir İnceleme
Authors: ALİYEV Fuzuli , GAMARLİ Nigar
Published: October 2018

Bu
çalışmada, Borsa İstanbul’da
(BIST) hafta içi günleri anomalilerinin gözlenip gözlenmediği
araştırılmıştır.  Bu amaçla 2015 yılı itibariyle 52 haftalık BIST
100 endeksi elde edilmiştir. Bu anomali üzerine pek çok çalışma olmasına rağmen, genelde Pazartesi günü ve
Ocak ayı etkileri incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmada hafta içi günlerinin ortalamasının her bir günün ayrı ayrılıkla diğer hafta içi günlerinin
ortalamasından farklı
olup olmadığı test edilmiştir. Burada öncelikle konu ile
ilgili literatür
taraması yapılmış, sonra ise ampirik bir çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir.
 Çalışmanın
ampirik bölümünde Eviews
programı kullanılmış,  t-testi uygulanmıştır.  Analiz sonuçlarına
göre,  2015 yılına dair veri setimizde anomali görülmemiştir.
MAQUINADO DE CUATRO ESPECIES MADERABLES DE ENCINO DE LA SIERRA DE JUÁREZ, OAXACA
Authors: Flores Velázquez Rogelio , Fuentes López Martha Elena , Quintanar Olguín Juan , Tamarit Urías Juan Carlos
Published: October 2018

Se determinaron las características de maquinado con base en la norma ASTM D 1666-87 en las operaciones de cepillado, barrenado, moldurado, torneado y lijado de la madera de Quercus crassifolia, Q. laurina, Q. rugosa y Q. scitophylla. En la primera, los mejores resultados se obtuvieron al combinar todos los ángulos de corte probados con la velocidad de alimentación de 7.5 m min-1, lo cual significa que este factor no influyó notablemente en la calidad de cepillado, y que el número de marcas de cuchilla por centímetro (determinado por la velocidad de alimentación) fue el que la definió. El defecto más frecuente, pero de manera superficial, fue el grano astillado. En el barrenado, moldurado, torneado y lijado, la madera de las cuatro especies analizadas mostró excelentes características de maquinado. En el barrenado y lijado, el defecto más común fue el grano apelusado, mismo que no incidió en la clasificación final, por producirse de modo superficial, debido, en gran medida, a la uniformidad del tamaño de los poros y al hilo recto de la madera, los cuales contrarrestaron la característica de textura gruesa de los taxa estudiados. Por su excelente comportamiento ante las máquinas y herramientas, la madera de los encinos incluidas en el presente trabajo es apropiada para utilizarse en la elaboración de productos terminados con un mayor valor agregado como molduras, lambrines, parquet y muebles.
RETENTION OF KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Waseem Naureen , Iqbal Khadija
Published: October 2018

Introduction: A good knowledge of anatomy is required for clinical practice.However, there is knowledge loss of anatomy in the later years of medical education as reportedby many studies. The study takes a step in determining the extent of the problem by the medicalstudents in the clinical years. Aim: An area of study determines the retention of Anatomy in thefinal year MBBS students. Retention rate of Anatomy taught during the basic medical years andits relevance to their clinical practice is the main focus of this study. Study Design: A Quantitativecross-sectional survey. Setting: Al Nafees Medical College, Islamabad. Period: Feb, 2017 toJuly 2017. Methods: Final year students of Al Nafees Medical College appeared in an MCQ testof anatomy, based on five modules from basic sciences to check their retention of knowledge.Results: The post hoc analysis of the result was done. Out of 64 students appearing in the test58 students scored marks above 50% and 6 students were below 50%. There were 20 studentswho retained up to 50-60% and 16 who retained anatomy up to 60-70%, with 21 studentsretaining 70-80% anatomy. Conclusions: Different magnitudes of knowledge loss was seen inthe students of the same year. The loss of knowledge may be due nonuse in the low achievingand borderline group. On the other hand the high achieving students found the revisit of thesubject beneficial to their retention in the clinical years. This level of retention was seen amongstudents who were taught anatomy with clinical relevance (contextual learning), in cooperationof all active innovative teaching and learning methods, and with the modified integrated themebased curriculum followed in the early years.
PROPRIOCEPTION DEFICITS
Authors: Shah Marwa , Anjum Izza , Zafar Maria , Saeed Aruba , Ghous Misbah
Published: October 2018

Objectives: To investigate the frequency of balance and proprioception deficitsin elderly population of old homes of Twin cities of Pakistan and to find which lower limb joint ismost prone to proprioception loss. Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional design. Setting:Old homes of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Study Period: September 1st 2016 to 30th December2016. Material and Methods: A sample of 207 residents of old homes aged 60-85 years (mean69 ± 6.673) with 104 males (50.2%) and 103 females (49.8%) was recruited for this studyby Purposive, non-probability sampling technique. Short form 7-Item Berg Balance Scale,Romberg test, tandem walk test and forward reach test was used for balance assessment andJoint Position Matching tests was administered for proprioception. Data was analyzed on SPSSversion 20. Results: Dizziness was a common risk factor of falls (21%) and next was the visualimpairment (8.7%) in elderly population. Unmatched ratio in the Joint position matching wasthe highest in hip joints (R= 35.70%, L= 48.30%) irrespective of gender. Females had higherrisk of fall than males. Ceiling effect in the scores of 7-item BBS was mostly noted in males.Conclusion: The study revealed that the frequency of balance problems amongst our elderlypopulation is high with women being more vulnerable to fall risk. The most proprioception losswas observed in left lower limb and the joint affected was the hip joint.
Preface
Authors: Chin Paul , Gladwin Roger
Published: October 2018

This publication came about after discussions with Derek Raine at the University ofLeicester and staff at LTSN Physical Sciences. Derek was keen to see thedevelopment of a publication that enabled academics in the field to share ideas andgood practice for teaching and learning in the physical sciences.In addition to his research interests as a physicist Derek has a long standing interest in the development of good teaching and learning practice in the physical sciences.Derek is a member of the LTSN Physical Sciences Advisory Committee and recentlywon funding from phase 4 of the Fund for the Development of Teaching and Learning (FDTL). Derek’s project is entitled ‘Project LeAP’ and further information about this work can be found at http://www.le.ac.uk/leap/
Experimenting with undergraduate practicals
Authors: McGarvey David J
Published: October 2018

In my experience the prescriptive nature of many undergraduate practicals restricts the scope for students to apply and develop their subject-specific knowledge. In addition, the nature of such practicals places limitations on their effectiveness for development of problem solving, team working and transferable skills. In recognition of this, a number of laboratory practicals in physical chemistry have been developed (some from existing traditional scripts) which feature clearly formulated and explicit objectives, but which omit detailed instructions to a greater or lesser extent. One particular aspect of these practicals is that the onus is placed on students to design a viable experimental approach in order to achieve the stated objectives and to reflect critically on their work. In this respect some of the practicals may be considered as structured mini-projects. Another implicit aspect is an attempt to encourage students to de-compartmentalise their subject knowledge (e.g. organic mechanisms in a ‘physical’ chemistry practical).The practicals have been used successfully at levels 1 and 2 during the past two years at Keele, and although the approach described has been applied to laboratory work in physical chemistry, there is no reason why it cannot be applied more generally.
Using spreadsheets to teach quantum theory
Authors: Lim Kieran F
Published: October 2018

Quantum theory is a key part of the physical and chemical sciences. Traditionally, the teaching of quantum theory has relied heavily on the use of calculus to solve the Schrödinger equation for a limited number of special cases. This approach is not suitable for students who are weak in mathematics, for example, many students who are majoring in biochemistry, biological sciences, etc.Spreadsheets generate approximate numerical solutions and graphical descriptions of the Schrödinger equation to develop a qualitative appreciation of quantum mechanics.
A chemistry scale-up exercise
Authors: Pitt Martin J
Published: October 2018

Second year students take a bench scale synthesis and work out how to scale it up. They simulate the process with salt and water to determine practical handlingproblems and thereby develop a set of instructions for process operators.
Interactive teaching units in physics
Authors: Reid Norman
Published: October 2018

The concept of the interactive teaching unit first emerged in the late 1970s (Reid,1978; Johnstone and Reid, 1979) arising from a major research project which wasseeking to explore the development of attitudes relating to the themes covered in the study of chemistry. From this project, a sound educational underpinning wasdeveloped (Johnstone and Reid, 1981).Much later, the use of interactive units has been extended to skills development, social issues awareness and the applications of science subjects in real-life situations (Reid, 1999; Clarkeburn et al., 2000; Lennon, et al., 2002). Sets of units were developed in chemistry and biology and, more recently, a range of four teaching units in physics was developed under LTSN funding.
Practicing science practice
Authors: Raine Derek
Published: October 2018

We describe a core course for fourth year undergraduate masters students in which they run an internet journal, writing, submitting and refereeing short papers on physics and astrophysics.
Placing physics undergraduates into a state of confusion: Why we must deliberately perplex learners during their degree course
Authors: Tymms Vijay
Published: October 2018

In this opinion piece (based on personal teaching experience and independent study of the literature) I outline how we as teachers deliberately confuse our students during their physics degrees. I explain how the passing through this confused state can be thought of as a rite of passage for students, and suggest how a greater awareness of this can assist our teaching.
From cook to chef: Facilitating the transition from recipe-driven to open-ended research-based undergraduate chemistry lab activities
Authors: Bertram Anna , Davies E. Stephen , Denton Ross , Fray M. Jonathan , Galloway Kyle W. , George Michael W. , Reid Katharine L. , Thomas Neil R. , Wright Rossana R.
Published: October 2018

This paper describes the development of mini-research projects in the third year practical chemistry course at the University of Nottingham for the MSci(Hons) Chemistry degree. The aim of these developments is to bridge the gap between ‘recipe-style’ experiments in the first and second year courses and research projects undertaken in the fourth year or in industry. There is much evidence that, having been given this opportunity to plan and design their own experiment, students exhibit higher-order cognitive skills, which can lead to a more valuable learning experience.
Editorial
Authors: Gladwin Roger
Published: October 2018

The first issue of New Directions was issued in May 2003 and comprised 17 articles.In this this issue we present a series of 'reviews' of topics in physical sciences education and educational research written by 'expert' practitioners. The publication also includes 'communications' which arise from a general call for contributions from the physical sciences education community and invited reports from the funded projects working in the physical sciences education arena. In order to increase the provenance of the journalall submissions to New Directions are peer reviewed at both the initial and the final submission stages. Once again, the Editorial Team at the Physical Sciences Centre (Roger Gladwin, Tina Overton and Paul Chin) has been pleased to work with Derek Raine at Leicester University (now in association with πCETL, The Physics Innovations Centre for Excellence in Teaching and Learning) on this issue.
E-learning
Authors: Chin Paul
Published: October 2018

E-learning as a term and its application in the support of learning has evolved considerably over the last ten or more years. This evolution comes from a noticeably different approach to learning by early adopters, as dictated by the technology of the time.In order to bring the reader up to date with the role and use of e-learning and its associated technologies this article will review the meaning of e-learning as it evolved from little more than reading electronic books to today's concept of 'anytime anywhere' learning supported by the Web. It will attempt to clarify some of the confusing terminology surrounding e-learning and provide a basic introduction to some types of technology used to support learning. In addition some examples of the use of e-learning within the physical sciences will also be reviewed along with some pointers to current publications and national initiatives for up to date information about how e-learning is being used in higher education.
Project LeAP: Learning in astronomy and physics
Authors: Raine Derek
Published: October 2018

The aim of the project was to raise awareness of problem-based learning (PBL) in physics through the development of exemplars relevant to the HE context in the UK, and through road shows and seminars on the background to PBL. There is also a LeAP web site devoted to Physics PBL. The project was carried out in collaboration with partners in Hertfordshire, Reading and Sheffield and the results published by the Physical Sciences Subject Centre as a practice guide to PBL in Physical Sciences. This article will discuss some of the evidence gathered by the project on PBL in physics worldwide, and report on some of the implementations that are beginning supported by the project as well as future developments in the Physics Innovations Centre for Excellence.
Context based learning in chemistry: Chemistry in Sport [part 1]
Authors: Overton Tina , Potter Nicholas
Published: October 2018

A learning resource for part-time 1st year foundation degree students was designed to be completed entirely by independent study. The course presented chemistry in the context of sport and investigated the use of a number of alternative methods of teaching/ learning, including:● The Perry Scheme of Intellectual Development● Multiple intelligences (MI) Theory● Problem-Based Learning (PBL)● Context Based Learning (CBL)● Mind Mapping● Case Studies● Web-based independent learningA website containing questions, hyperlinks to further content and external webpages was produced. The students’ response was positive. They enjoyed the course, found the context interesting and the presentation helpful. The assessment marks improved (a 5-6% increase) compared to a more traditional paper based course. As only eight students took the course these results cannot be seen as statistically significant but provide agood indication that this was an effective approach. In completing their assessments and pre and post questionnaires the students provided valuable feedback that will enable improvements to the learning resource.
Supporting student e-portfolios
Authors: Madden Tracey
Published: October 2018

Historically, the term portfolio has been used to describe a folder of work used predominantly for skill recording and display purposes. It was mainly paper based, usually begun when its author was a student and developed over a working lifetime. More recently the term has been taken up for use in schools and colleges, describing a more modest folder holding work from a particular project or an entire course, and in professional fields as a collection of material required to evidence competence for accreditation or to prepare for assessment. Since its inception as an evolution of this traditional portfolio, the electronic portfolio or e-portfolio has attracted a great deal of interest from around the world where there is readyaccess to suitable technology. This interest continues to grow with increasing numbers of students and professionals being encouraged, or required, to produce e-portfolios.This article focuses on e-portfolios in the higher education (HE) sector, principally those authored by students. Its purpose is to provide a basic introduction to e-portfolios: what they are, how they are being used, potential benefits and challenges, and guidance for their successful introduction.
Peer assessment
Authors: Chin Paul
Published: October 2018

Peer assessment is the process whereby students provide formative or summative feedback to fellow students about their work. There have been many decades of research into the potential benefits of peer assessment and numerous studies have shown that peer assessment offers real educational, and sometimes social benefits for students. In addition, self assessment is often included alongside, but the benefits are sometimes disputed. This article will provide a brief summary of the research establishing the educational benefits of peer assessment and self assessment. There has also been a lot of work in recent years exploring the use of technology tosupport peer assessment. This work will be reviewed and recent examples of peer assessment in the physical sciences will be highlighted.
Online interactive assessment with short free-text questions and tailored feedback
Authors: Jordan Sally
Published: October 2018

A linguistically based authoring tool has been used to write eassessment questions requiring short free-text answers of up to about 20 words in length (typically a single sentence). The answer matching is sophisticated and students are provided with instantaneous targeted feedback on incorrect and incomplete responses. They are able to use this feedback in reattempting the question. Seventy-five questions of this type have been offered to students on an entr-level interdisciplinary science module and they have been well received. Students have been observed attempting the questions and have been seen to respond in differing ways to both the questions themselves and the feedback provided. The answer matching has been demonstrated to be of similar or greater accuracy than specialist human markers.The software described is all either open source or commercially available, but the purpose of this paper is not to advertise these products but rather to encourage reflection on e-assessment’s potential to support student learning.
The use of electronic voting systems to engage students in outreach activities
Authors: Niyadurupola Gan
Published: October 2018

This paper discusses the use of electronic voting systems specifically in a range of outreach contexts. The Department of Chemistry at the University of Reading and the School of Chemistry at the University of Southampton are actively involved in delivering outreach activities at primary and secondary school level with a view to inspiring a new generation of budding chemists. Voting systems are successful in engaging students across all age groups as demonstrated by our experiences with youngsters aged 4 to 18. They are especially effective at breaking down the barriers of non communication thrown up by students when faced with a difficult question and encouraging the participation of even the most reticent teenager.
The design of an image bank
Authors: Lucas Robert J
Published: October 2018

Image Banks, which are collections of images with associated data and captions, are a valuable teaching tool for Astronomy courses at the Open University. Until now web pages have been created for each image and its associated information. This paper examines how a database, front-ended by a multimedia authoring tool, can provide a much more flexible and maintainable architecture for producing Image Banks. Accessibility issues are discussed.
Impacts of assignment in problem-based learning: A case study from chemistry
Authors: Belt Simon T
Published: October 2018

The use of problem-based learning (PBL) within undergraduate chemistry courses is increasing in popularity. Despite several previous reports describing the impacts of PBL in terms of students‟ motivation and interest in chemistry, evaluations of its impact with respect to student learning are virtually absent. Here, an evaluation of PBL case studies in chemistry is made by consideration of assessment performance data over a six year period. The performance data are considered at different stages of the undergraduate courses and are compared against related data from laboratory work and closed-book examinations. These performance data are complemented by student feedback. The analysis reveals that, regardless of level, students find PBL case studies enjoyable and motivating. In contrast, performance in assessed work is found to depend strongly on assessment criteria. Students perform comparably with other modes of assessment when the PBL case study assessment criteria are familiar to them. In contrast, when the assessment criteria demand wider consideration of PBL outcomes, typical of those appropriate for the latter stages of degree courses, lack of familiarity with such criteria appears to result in lower performance in assessments, despite careful counselling from the tutor.
Testing conceptual understanding in introductory astronomy
Authors: Balfour Jordan , Kohnle Antje
Published: October 2018

Understanding students‟ prior beliefs about the nature of the Universe is a first step towards improving astronomy instruction. This article describes results from two diagnostic surveys testing understanding of astronomy concepts given to first, second and third-year St Andrews students taking astronomy and astrophysics modules.We highlight results pertaining to the phases of the Moon, the cause of the seasons, planet temperatures and properties of comets, and discuss possible underlying reasons for student difficulties. We find that some misconceptions remain at higher levels, and that new knowledge may be incorporated into prior beliefs without a substantial conceptual change.
Recording of lectures
Authors: Wightman Graham
Published: October 2018

In recent years there has been an increase in the number of students wanting to record lectures. Two factors have contributed to this. Firstly, there is wide availability of compact, solid state recorders, and recorders are often incorporated into other goods (MP3 players, mobile phones, cameras, laptops). Secondly, within many universities facilities have been provided by student support services for students with a special need to record lectures.However, the recording of lectures presents a number of issues related to ownership, data protection, potential misuse, and the pedagogic issue of ensuring equal treatment for all students. University recording policies address some of these issues, but the individual academic also needs to reflect on the consequences for their teaching.A trial has been carried out offering streamed recordings of lectures, and the merits of streaming and downloading are discussed. A survey was made on the usage by students and their reasons for accessing the recordings, and these are reported. There have been a number of advantages to students as well as to the lecturer which have required relatively little extra burden on the lecturer. One important initial conclusion appears to be the need to incorporate recordings as part of the teaching material in the initial pedagogic design rather than an addition. For some students the recordings have proved a valuable additional resource and feedback from students has been positive.
The mole misunderstood
Authors: Moss Karen , Pabari Amish
Published: October 2018

In every area of science there are some ideas that many students find difficult to grasp. A lack of understanding of key ideas can limit a student‟s ability to grasp and apply fundamental principles of their discipline. Previous work in this area, by Taber, has focused on this problem at school level. However, little work has been done to systematically investigate and analyse this phenomenon in undergraduate science programmes, beyond the anecdotal. A previous study involving students and staff from a range of scientific disciplines at our university identified that the mole (and its associated applications) was a difficult area for a wide range of students. The mole shows characteristics of being a „Threshold Concept‟ for students. Having identified the mole as a problem, the aim here was to explore why it is difficult and whether the conceptual issues can be systematically overcome, by using multiple perspectives. A sequence of questionnaires was used to survey over 100 people, involving school students aged 14-17, first-, second- and third-year university students, and secondary school teachers, in detail about the mole. We considered respondents‟ learning preferences and the type of activities in science lessons from which they felt they learned the most. Over 50% of respondents reported problems with the mole at some stage of their education. Further insights into how people conceptualise the mole were explored through the use of an educational research technique called „Hot Pen Writing‟. The outcomes of the research identified some of the reasons for student‟s lack of understanding of the mole concept including poor teaching in schools, difficulty in relating the concept to real-life situations and, not surprisingly, the fact that it involves maths. We consider what this suggests about how and when the mole should be taught within school education.
Editorial
Authors: Madden Tracey
Published: October 2018

New Directions focuses on new developments by practitioners in the field of learning and teaching.There is a strong outreach theme in this issue with articles covering activities in chemistry and physics, and the effects on all parties involved. Assessment and feedback also feature heavily, with articles on screencasting, delivering audio feedback and designing multiple choice questions (MCQs.) Ever popular topics including undergraduate practical work, transition to university and mathematics support for chemists appear, along with articles on prior knowledge of undergraduates, use of learning outcomes and educational research projects for students.This is the last issue of New Direction that the Centre will produce; we now hand the baton to the Higher Education Academy  to produce future issues. We would like to take this opportunity to thank all our contributors and reviewers who have made this publication possible, and we hope that you the reader have found value in what we have offered.
Making better and wider use of undergraduate teaching laboratories in the support of chemistry in the UK
Authors: Harrison T G , Shallcross D E , Davey W B
Published: October 2018

The Chemistry Departments at Bristol and Sheffield Universities have adopted two complementary approaches to maximising the use of teaching laboratory space, in the main to support secondary school level study. The two approaches involve the adaptation of a small part of a teaching laboratory or the use of the whole of the undergraduate teaching laboratories themselves. In the former case a small number of students can enjoy their use throughout the week and in the latter a large number of students can use the facilities one day per week in undergraduate term time and in the remaining 18 weeks of the year when not required for undergraduate teaching. This paper describes the development and the challenges to be overcome with both scenarios and the advantages and disadvantages of both approaches, using an example from each.
Should Higher Education respond to recent changes in the forensic science marketplace?
Authors: Rankin B W J , Taylor G , Thompson T J U
Published: October 2018

The evolution of forensic science within the United Kingdom over the past four decades has been rapid and dynamic. This has included policy responses to highly public miscarriages of justice, introduction of commercialisation and pioneering scientific developments such as DNA profiling. However even within this context, changes within forensic science over the last two years has been unprecedented; such as the closure of The Forensic Science Service; a Home Office review of Research and Development within forensic science; the challenges facing fingerprint identification as a result of The Fingerprint Inquiry (Scotland) and the embryonic development of a new professional body for the police force. Correspondingly, development of forensic science within Higher Education (HE) has been substantially transformed from a small number of Masters Courses in forensic science delivered by a small number of universities, to a plethora of undergraduate courses now available throughout the United Kingdom. This rapid expansion of forensic science courses has been openly criticised and debated and it is incumbent upon the university to not only focus on education but also to provide graduates with transferrable skills making them more employment ready. As a consequence HE establishments must be cognisant of and reactive to changes within any associated industry and respond to changes accordingly. However, have the universities delivering forensic science courses fully responded to these recent and unprecedented developments in the history of forensic science within the United Kingdom? This paper will consider the most recent changes to the forensic science marketplace and their ramifications for forensic science education within the HE sector. Challenges which have resulted from the changes will be highlighted and the educational impact on forensic science courses throughout the UK and their future will be evaluated in chronological order.
Different perspective, same challenges
Authors: Bates Simon
Published: October 2018

I present a perspective on one of the most important challenges facing teaching and learning, in the Physical Sciences and many other disciplines. I argue that the challenge is less about finding novel ways to enhance student learning but ensuring a wider and more rapid take up of evidence-based approaches that have been convincingly shown through research studies to be effective in creating conditions for successful learning. I offer some advice to those engaged in supporting teaching and learning, from academic staff at the coalface, to institutional leaders and the HEA.
Can I have a word please: Strategies to enhance understanding of subject specific language in chemistry by international and non-traditional students
Authors: Rees Simon , Bruce Megan , Nolan Sam
Published: October 2018

In this paper we discuss the outcomes of our research into effective teaching strategies to enhance understanding of subject specific language by international and non-traditional students. Teaching strategies with an emphasis on improving scientific literacy were trialled over the course of the academic year 2010/11 in foundation level chemistry. The outcomes from this research led to the development of an E-glossary to support the development of subject language understanding. The E-glossary was trialled over the academic year 2011/12. It consists of student generated content (with over 100 contributions) explaining scientific terms and concepts in a variety of ways at an appropriate level for foundation students. The outcomes of this research are considered in relation to the development of scientific literacy and conceptual understanding.
Fostering Learning Improvements in Physics (FLIP): A status report
Authors: Johnson Olivia , Hancock Sally , Hardy Judy , Galloway Ross , Wallace Marsali , Bates Simon , Draper Steven
Published: October 2018

The Fostering Learning Improvements in Physics project is examining the international status of subject-based educational research in physics and the potential for work in this field to impact the teaching and learning of undergraduate physics in UK universities. While focused specifically on physics, outcomes of the project may be relevant to subject-based educational research and to teaching and learning within the physical sciences more generally. We report on the aims, approaches and current status at the mid-point of this one-year study.
E-assessment: Past, present and future
Authors: Jordan Sally
Published: October 2018

This review of e-assessment takes a broad definition, including any use of a computer in assessment, whilst focusing on computer-marked assessment. Drivers include increased variety of assessed tasks and the provision of instantaneous feedback, as well as increased objectivity and resource saving. From the early use of multiple-choice questions and machine-readable forms, computer-marked assessment has developed to encompass sophisticated online systems, which may incorporate interoperability and be used in students’ own homes. Systems have been developed by universities, companies and as part of virtual learning environments. Some of the disadvantages of selected-response question types can be alleviated by techniques such as confidence-based marking. The use of electronic response systems (‘clickers’) in classrooms can be effective, especially when coupled with peer discussion. Student authoring of questions can also encourage dialogue around learning. More sophisticated computer-marked assessment systems have enabled mathematical questions to be broken down into steps and have provided targeted and increasing feedback. Systems that use computer algebra and provide answer matching for short-answer questions are discussed. Computer-adaptive tests use a student’s response to previous questions to alter the subsequent form of the test. More generally, e-assessment includes the use of peer-assessment and assessed e-portfolios, blogs, wikis and forums. Predictions for the future include the use of e-assessment in MOOCs (massive open online courses); the use of learning analytics; a blurring of the boundaries between teaching, assessment and learning; and the use of e-assessment to free human markers to assess what they can assess more authentically.