bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between dietary knowledge and overweight and obesity in Chinese children and adolescents: Evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 2004–2015
Authors: Xu Zhen , Zhao Yibin , Sun Jingjing , Luo Lisi , Ling Yu
Published: December 2022

Objective

To assess whether dietary knowledge of Chinese children and adolescents and their mothers was associated with childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity.

Methods

This cross-sectional study obtained data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) between 2004 and 2015. Dietary knowledge of children and adolescents and their mothers was assessed by asking questions and statements on diets, and clustered by K-means clustering. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were used to evaluate overweight and obesity among children and adolescents. The association of dietary knowledge with childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity was evaluated by multivariate regression analysis, with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) calculated.

Results

A total of 2,338 children and adolescents were included. Children and adolescents with low dietary knowledge were demonstrated to have significantly higher risks of BMI-defined overweight or obesity (OR = 1.66, 95%CI = 1.21–2.28, P = 0.002), and WC-defined obesity (OR = 1.52, 95%CI = 1.12–2.06, P = 0.007) than those with high dietary knowledge. Compared with high dietary knowledge in mothers, low dietary knowledge was associated with significantly elevated risks of BMI-defined overweight or obesity (OR = 1.48, 95%CI = 1.08–2.02, P = 0.014), and WC-defined obesity (OR = 1.59, 95%CI = 1.18–2.16, P = 0.003). Furthermore, significantly increased odds of BMI-defined overweight or obesity and WC-defined non-obesity in children and adolescents were related to low dietary knowledge versus high dietary knowledge of children and adolescents (OR = 1.72, 95%CI = 1.08–2.74, P = 0.023), while there was no association of BMI-defined non-overweight and non-obesity and WC-defined obesity with dietary knowledge among children and adolescents (OR = 1.35, 95%CI = 0.89–2.04, P = 0.161). Additionally, no association was found between dietary knowledge of mothers and BMI-defined overweight or obesity and WC-defined non-obesity among children and adolescents (OR = 1.39, 95%CI = 0.89–2.17, P = 0.155), while low dietary knowledge of mothers was associated with increased odds of BMI-defined non-overweight and non-obesity and WC-defined obesity in children and adolescents (OR = 1.58, 95%CI = 1.03–2.43, P = 0.036).

Conclusion

Dietary knowledge of children and adolescents and their mothers was associated with childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity. Dietary knowledge of children and adolescents negatively related to the risk of BMI-defined overweight or obesity, and dietary knowledge of mothers to odds of WC-defined obesity.
Variations in Diameter of the Left Coronary Artery and its Main Branches among Adult Population of Khartoum State, Sudan
Authors: Alhassen Muntaser , Abdalla Abuzer , Akeel Mohamed , Ali Tahir
Published: December 2022

Themain left coronary artery and its branches have wide variability in its morphology regarding caliber, as seen through angiographic imaging. This study aims to determine the diameters of the left coronary artery and its branches among the Sudanese population & to correlate these diameters and the personal and health data. Angiography of 441 patients of both sexes was used in this study. Personal and health information was obtained from the records. We found that the left coronary artery's diameter was between 2.90- 4.90mm, with an average of 3.96mm. The diameter of the left circumflex artery in the range between 1.70- 4.70mm, with an average of 2.73mm, and that of the anterior descending artery in the range between 1.20- 4.70mm, with an average of 2.78mm. We correlated the diameters of the three arteries and the variables of age, gender, BMI, coronary artery disease, smoking habits, and hypertension. Wefound many correlations to be significant. We concluded that the diameters of the left coronary artery and its branches are affected by age, gender, BMI, coronary artery disease, smoking habits, and hypertension.
Malignant Transformation of a Neurofibroma
Authors: Alabado Jibin C. , Valera Eric , Paula Valencia Ma. Regina , Yatco-Omaña Elaine
Published: December 2022

Malignant transformation of peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) may develop from a plexiform type of Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) or previously irradiated areas. Generally, MPNSTs occur in about 2% to 5% of neurofibromatosis patients. In this paper, we present a 58-year-old male patient with neurofibromatosis who developed MPNST of the eyelids and nasal area. The patient had a history of multiple excision biopsies for facial tumors in 22 years at different institutions, allegedly revealing neurofibromas on histopathological evaluation. A recent consult with the Otorhinolaryngology Service (ORL) prompted an excision biopsy with results consistent with neurofibroma. The mass recurred and enlarged even more rapidly compared to the previously excised tumor. The patient also developed four tumors on the eyelids hence the referral to Ophthalmology Service. The eyelid masses and nasal mass were excised by the Ophthalmology and ORL Services. Histopathology revealed identical MPNST characteristics on all excised tumors. The patient was eventually referred to the Oncology Service to evaluate radio and chemotherapy. A rapid change in the size of a preexisting neurofibroma, infiltration of the adjacent structures, intralesional hemorrhage, and pain usually indicates a possible malignant transformation into MPNST. A high index of suspicion is helpful for clinicians when presented with a case of a recurrent neurofibromatosis, even if the only sign is the rapid growth of the mass since management of MPNST is very different from neurofibromatosis.
Post-Covid-19 Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) in a 27-year-old girl: Case Report
Authors: Olivier HEINZLEF , Hugo YAÏCHE , Awissoba AWIDINA-AMA , Donissongui SORO , Léhleng AGBA , Léhleng AGBA
Published: December 2022

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a monophasic, multifocal, demyelinating, autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS). It usually occurs after a systemic infection, usually viral, including certain coronavirus infections. A 27-year-old girl presented with complaints of left interscapular pain, paresthesias and weakness in the ipsilateral upper limb. These symptoms followed paresthesias on the fingertips of her right hand the day before her admission. she was treated two weeks earlier for pneumonia with COVID-19. Her clinical pattern resulted in a moderate weakness of the left limbs associated with tactil and algic hypoesthesia in the lower left limb ascending until the C4 level in the left side. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and spinal cord showed diffuse spontaneous hypersignals on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images at the cerebral level and on T2-weighted images at the spinal level. These imaging lesions coupled with the medical history of a recent COVID-19 infection led to the diagnosis of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) post covid-19. The clinical condition improved rapidly with intravenous (IV) corticosteroid therapy and IV immunoglobulin combined with physiotherapy. ADEM is a demyelinating autoimmune disease which is increasingly reported during this current corona virus pandemic.
Molecular Evolution of the Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Vook Emily C. , Henderson Jeffrey O.
Published: December 2022

The coronavirus infectious disease (20)19 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by a newly identified virus (2019) SARS-CoV-2, a beta coronavirus that shares similarities with other human-infecting coronaviruses. Genomic analysis suggests that SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to SARS-CoV, a bat-related coronavirus, RaTG13, and to other pangolin-associated coronaviruses. The spike protein of coronaviruses are glycoproteins and are responsible for attaching the virus to the host cell and entering. Amino acid changes within the spike protein-encoding gene from SARS-CoV to SARS-CoV-2 enable SARS-CoV-2 to form a stable spike protein, to form a stable complex between the S protein and the receptor ACE2, to increase binding points between the S protein and ACE2, and to survive at higher temperatures. SARS-CoV-2 is zoonotic, with genomic analysis implicating bats as the original host and pangolins as the most likely intermediate host to infect humans. As SARS-CoV-2 infects humans, viral point mutations will continually occur and cause the emergence of new competitive SARS-CoV-2 strains. Two major strains include D614G and N501Y and have increased infectivity and transmission, further complicating the scope of the current COVID-19 pandemic. Vigilant monitoring of viral development and evolution is necessary for developing proper treatment methods and vaccine targets.
Protection Narratives and the Problem of Gun Suicide
Authors: Rood Craig
Published: December 2022

Even though gun suicides account for well over half of all U.S. gun deaths each year, they largely are absent from collective attention, policy discussion, and rhetorical study. Using stories about gun suicide from Everytown for Gun Safety's website, “Moments That Survive,” this essay examines how the authors depict gun suicide as a public problem and a gun problem rather than as a private problem limited only to the individual gun user. In so doing, these stories revise three of the gun debate's key terms: collective grief, character, and agency. More than simply drawing attention to gun suicide, these stories critique the dominant narrative of protection (protection from “them”) and urge readers to reimagine suicide, protection, and gun violence.
The Second Order Term in the Linearized Theory of General ‎Relativity, Dark Matter and Related ‎Cosmological Mysteries
Authors: Jeong Eue Jin
Published: December 2022

The blackhole jets, Saturn ring, dark matter and GPB anomaly are generally considered unrelated physical mysteries that have no common causes that create them. In Newtonian mechanics, the center of mass of an object change only when there is an external force applied to the object. However, the longitudinally asymmetric and radially circular (LARC) rotating objects like cone, funnel, and hemisphere have a unique mechanical property of creating a finite shift of relativistic center of mass depending on the speed of the rotation due to the difference in the instant speed of the individual mass components of the object while in rotation (Jeong, 1996). This suggests that the LARC rotating object has a complex mechanical property that does not obey the conventional Newtonian mechanical principle. It turned out that in the weak field limit of general relativity there is a second order mathematical term that requires a finite shift of the center of mass to establish its physicality. This term was discarded as physically meaningless because spherical source does not develop a shift of the center of mass even in rotation due to the mathematical cancelation. It is shown that the relativistic shift of the center of mass from the rotating LARC object is the cause of the physically meaningful dipole gravity that reduces into Lense-Thirring force at the center of the rotating spherical shell. However, after careful examination we found out that the signs of Lense-Thirring forces were reversed and once the signs are corrected, dipole gravity predicts blackhole jets and the flat rotational velocity distribution curve which is the key evidence of the existence of the dark matter. We presented that the rings in Saturn, Jupiter, Neptune and Uranus, the GPB experimental anomaly are also the results of dipole gravity from the rotating spherical sources.
PENULIS PEREMPUAN DAN LOKALITAS DALAM RUBRIK CERPEN JAWA POS TAHUN 2021
Authors: Arisandi Isep Bayu
Published: December 2022

This paper is based on short stories by women writers in Jawa Pos in 2021. The problem discussed is the element of locality in the short story. Five short stories became the object of analysis to find the locality setting and locality elements in the short story. The descriptive analysis method is used to find locality in the setting and narrative of the short story. Data from each short story is described to obtain an overview of the short story's background and locality elements. The results of the analysis show that the real place setting is a reflection of the locality identity in the short story. The real place setting in the short story becomes the opening gate for the locality theme, thus establishing a link between the structure and the short story theme. The locality presented by the 5 short stories refers to the forms of tradition, myth, and historical elements. Tradition, myth, and historical elements are tied to the setting of places and events in the short story. This analysis shows that an important real setting is built in a short story that has a locality narrative.
La mitología clásica en las «Memorie di storia naturale» del jesuita expulso chileno Juan Ignacio Molina, un precursor de Darwin
Authors: Astorgano Abajo Antonio
Published: December 2022

Molina fue un intelectual de primera fila, riguroso naturalista y helenista que empleaba muy poco los mitos en sus tratados científicos, como el Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chili. Otra cosa son los dos tomos de deliciosos ensayos o eruditas conferencias, Memorie di storia naturale, donde aparecen frecuentes y oportunas alusiones a los mitos y a la evolución de las especies, anticipándose a Darwin. Molina fue el jesuita expulso chileno que, por su formación y cultivo permanente del latín y del griego, estuvo en las mejores condiciones para sembrar sus escritos de referencias mitológicas y culturales grecolatinas.
Democratización del acceso a la educación superior
Authors: Dallaglio Lucila Maria Teresa , Pratti Agustina , Gamarra Jeni
Published: December 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es describir las diferentes políticas de becas y créditos educativos de educación superior de la Argentina, de Chile y de Uruguay que se han implementado en los últimos años, tanto a nivel estatal como privado, con el objeto de democratizar el acceso a la educación superior. Par ello, desde un abordaje descriptivo-comparativo se analizan las políticas adoptadas según los diferentes criterios de justicia en el otorgamiento de becas y créditos educativos. En este sentido, se abordan las lógicas meritocráticas que se entretejen en la obtención y mantenimiento de becas y de créditos educativos.
Las redes sociales en la investigación social
Authors: Gallego García Pablo
Published: December 2022

Se estudia los retos y dificultades a los que se enfrentan los investigadores para realizar investigaciones sociales en redes sociales, se identifican los problemas con respecto al acceso a los datos, se cuestiona si la metodología que se usa es suficiente, se revisa los temas que se tratan y se repasan las tendencias actuales en estos tipos de análisis.
El proyecto de investigación
Authors: Meneses-Falcón Carmen
Published: December 2022

Este trabajo describe los aspectos fundamentales que debe contener un proyecto de investigación social, que pueda orientar a estudiantes y futuros investigadores. La elaboración del proyecto de investigación es crucial como guía para el inicio y proceso de investigación. En este trabajo se describen los distintos elementos que lo deben componer, poniendo cierto énfasis en las preguntas de investigación, los objetivos y el diseño metodológico. Por otra parte, se matiza algunos de sus contenidos en función del diseño metodológico aplicado, cuantitativo, cualitativo o mixto. Entre ellos se destaca los requerimientos éticos y criterios de rigor y calidad de la investigación.
Labutí píseň daně z nabytí nemovitých věcí
Authors: Boháč Radim
Published: December 2022

The Real Estate Acquisition Tax and its predecessor, the Real Estate Transfer Tax, are no longer part of the Czech tax system. The aim of the article is to evaluate the theoretical classification of these taxes within the Czech tax system, in terms of the division of taxes into direct and indirect taxes. The author concludes that the Real Estate Acquisition Tax and the Real Estate Transfer Tax were indirect taxes.
Vybrané problémy zdanění pasivních příjmů z dluhopisů
Authors: Kotáb Petr
Published: December 2022

The text deals with certain problems of taxation in the Czech Republic of passive income from bonds, namely government bonds and Eurobonds. It follows in brief the historical development of taxation by income taxes of interest yields from bonds over the last 30 years, i.e., from the inception of the first tax system of the independent Czech Republic. It takes notice of the fluctuations of tax exemptions over the time and attempts to establish, sometimes not very discernible, reasons for the introduction and abolition of such exemptions. It criticizes the lack of stability and adherence to legal principles of the statutory regulation resulting in a potential negative impact of the same on Czech bond issuers and investors in financial markets.
Stimulační možnosti státu při financování neziskového sektoru daňovými a dotačními nástroji
Authors: Marková Hana
Published: December 2022

The mission of non-business entities is to provide publicly beneficial services. The possibilities of financial support of these entities originate from the system of public finances (subsidies), monetary non-public sources (donations), own resources, and indirect support. All the above-mentioned financial supplies belong to basic streams that can furnish non-profit organizations. In some countries the financial sources are broadened by tax rebates. Taxpayers redirect a share of paid income tax to a selected organization that is not business-based. A State is able to respond to these situations, for instance it can expand or narrow donations either in general or to certain entities. The overall consideration on the effectiveness of the use of individual monetary instruments might differ from the point of view of a State as well as from non-profit organizations.
Může podnikatel zakázat či podmínit přístup ke službám ruským občanům z důvodu války na Ukrajině?
Authors: Ondrejová Dana
Published: December 2022

The paper deals with the current issue of consumer discrimination from the perspective of the Russia-Ukraine conflict. The subject of the study is the assessment of whether an entrepreneur can completely prohibit or condition access to services to Russian citizens, or whether it can do so against persons supporting the war in Ukraine or Putinʼs regime. This conduct is assessed in particular from the point of view of illegality under Section 6 of the Consumer Protection Act, which very strictly enjoins an entrepreneur not to discriminate. The paper provides a summary of the related case law, raising the question whether, in view of the current political developments in Russia, these case law conclusions can continue to stand in the same form.
Gjøre hva og hvordan?
Authors: Goga Nina
Published: December 2022

Doing What and How? New Swedish Nonfiction for Children and Young Adults on Environmental and Climate Issues in Light of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child

The aim of this article is to examine a selection of new Swedish nonfiction for children and young adults focusing on how environmental and climate issues are presented and in what ways the books encourage children and young adults to actively engage in dealing with the issues that are thematized. The material for the survey is based on the Swedish Institute for Children’s Books’ Book Tasting reports on books published in the years 2015–2020 and the titles mentioned there with relevance to the topic. The theoretical and methodological framework for the study is based on recent and relevant research on nonfiction for children and young adults, and on what is referred to as a child-centered and critical approach to children's literature based on the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. An examination of the material in question against the background of the Convention on the Rights of the Child should be considered highly relevant because issues related to the environment and climate are affected by Article 24, which states that children have the right to the best possible health care, clean drinking water, healthy food, and a clean and safe environment to live in.
A European Credit Council? Lessons from the History of Italian Central Banking after World War II
Authors: Lupi Mattia
Published: December 2022

By formulating a proposal for the “democratisation” of the ECB through the establishment of a European Credit Council, Eric Monnet makes a fundamental contribution to the contemporary debate on central banking. This idea appears to be in line with other critiques that often see the post-World War II institutional set-up as a model to be revived to bring central banks back to democracy after the neoliberal disengagement of the 1980s. However, I argue in this article that the intellectual optimism with which these historical experiences are often viewed can be misleading. Going beyond the French “ideal type” and focusing instead on the “twin case” of Italy, I intend to show how the attempt to democratically control the central bank has not always been linear nor necessarily democratic and successful. The establishment of a credit council did not prevent the Bank of Italy from enjoying a high degree of independence and ability to influence policy. At the same time, the widespread system of credit policy that the central bank has explicitly promoted in pursuit of the country’s development agenda has often degenerated into irrational and opaque practices, revealing the side effects of an economy in which a sustainable boundary between fiscal and monetary policy struggles to emerge. While the Italian experience might show how problematic and “fictitious” the relationship between the credit council and the central bank can be, it can also offer interesting insights for a better articulation of it.
Beschäftigtenvorbehalte gegen digitale Assistenzsysteme
Authors: Kalff Yannick , Kutlu Yalcin
Published: December 2022

Digitale Assistenzsysteme zielen vorrangig auf situative Probleme des Shopfloors. Ihre Einführung findet im Spannungsfeld zwischen Unternehmensstrategie und betrieblicher Mitbestimmung statt und kann bei den Beschäftigten Vorbehalte, Ablehnung oder Konflikte hervorrufen. Daher wird regelmäßig auf die Bedeutung der Beschäftigtenbeteiligung für erfolgreiche Einführungsprozesse hingewiesen, um Reibungspotenzial zu vermeiden. Jedoch bleibt die beteiligungsorientierte Praxis eine Leerstelle. Der Beitrag stellt den Einführungsprozess eines digitalen Assistenzsystems in der Montage eines Maschinenbauunternehmens dar, der durch direkte Beschäftigtenbeteiligung und den Einbezug des Betriebsrats auf die Befürchtungen der Facharbeiter*innen einging und sie in die Gestaltung des Systems einbezog. Die Beschäftigtenperspektive wurde zum Ausgangspunkt der sozialen Einbettung technologischer Veränderung. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Vorbehalte gegenüber Digitalisierungsprozessen aus einer Verlängerung innerbetrieblicher Konflikte um die Deutung des Arbeitssystems entstehen und auf konkret gemachte Erfahrungen im Betrieb verweisen, die die Einführung adressieren muss.
A review of the current state of the computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems for breast cancer diagnosis
Authors: Guo Zicheng , Xie Jiping , Wan Yi , Zhang Min , Qiao Liang , Yu Jiaxuan , Chen Sijing , Li Bingxin , Yao Yongqiang
Published: December 2022

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting females worldwide. Early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer may aid in timely treatment, reducing the mortality rate to a great extent. To diagnose breast cancer, computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems employ a variety of imaging modalities such as mammography, computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, and histological imaging. CAD and breast-imaging specialists are in high demand for early detection and diagnosis. This system has the potential to enhance the partiality of traditional histopathological image analysis. This review aims to highlight the recent advancements and the current state of CAD systems for breast cancer detection using different modalities.
Subcellular elements responsive to the biomechanical activity of triple-negative breast cancer-derived small extracellular vesicles
Authors: Senigagliesi Beatrice , Bedolla Diana E. , Birarda Giovanni , Zanetti Michele , Lazzarino Marco , Vaccari Lisa , Parisse Pietro , Casalis Loredana
Published: December 2022

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) stands out for its aggressive, fast spread, and highly metastatic behavior and for being unresponsive to the classical hormonal therapy. It is considered a disease with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Among the mechanisms that contribute to TNBC spreading, attention has been recently paid to small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), nano-sized vesicles that by transferring bioactive molecules to recipient cells play a crucial role in the intercellular communication among cancer, healthy cells, and tumor microenvironment. In particular, TNBC-derived sEVs have been shown to alter proliferation, metastasis, drug resistance, and biomechanical properties of target cells. To shed light on the molecular mechanisms involved in sEVs mediation of cell biomechanics, we investigated the effects of sEVs on the main subcellular players, i.e., cell membrane, cytoskeleton, and nuclear chromatin organization. Our results unveiled that TNBC-derived sEVs are able to promote the formation and elongation of cellular protrusions, soften the cell body, and induce chromatin decondensation in recipient cells. In particular, our data suggest that chromatin decondensation is the main cause of the global cell softening. The present study added new details and unveiled a novel mechanism of activity of the TNBC-derived sEVs, providing information for the efficient translation of sEVs to cancer theranostics.
Five decades spatial hazard maps of atmospheric corrosion predict the rate of deterioration of steel beams in different environments of India
Authors: Kumar Vanapalli Naveen , Sil Arjun
Published: December 2022

Steel, an indispensable enduring metal used in all facets of life, contributes significantly to the global economy. Atmospheric corrosion is the inexorable natural degradation of alloys to ores in the presence of the atmosphere. The rate of deterioration is a decisive life factor of environmentally exposed steel, and it is necessary to trace its dynamics in different atmospheres at different exposure times. Spatial hazard corrosion maps for rural and urban conditions have been developed for over five decades to apprehend metal loss or corrosion rate dynamics in diverse conditions (PS11, PS21 and PS31) across the Indian subcontinent. The impact of cumulative hazards on Indian standard structural steels is interpreted to perceive sectional losses of beams in various environments for different zones. Sectional losses are greater in zone 5 of the PS31 environment and are significant in junior and lightweight beams, while heavy beams are relatively unaffected.
Slicing the onion: reflections and projections on language education policy in the Caribbean
Authors: Nero Shondel
Published: December 2022

The history of plantation slavery and European colonization in the Caribbean has left in its wake a rich and complex linguistic landscape, a colonial education structure, and a set of contradictory (creole/colonial) identities and language attitudes that make it fertile ground for a critical examination of language education policy development in the region. Using Jamaica, a former British colony as an illustrative case, this article takes a critical look at the historical and current framing and development of the multilayered “onion” that is language education policy in the Caribbean – a uniquely creole/colonial region with conflicting language ideologies. I examine the goals, actors, processes, and challenges and possibilities of LEP implementation (Nero, Shondel. 2018. Challenges of language education policy development and implementation in Creole-speaking contexts. In Jodi Crandall & Kathleen Bailey (eds.), Global perspectives on language education policies, 205–218. New York: Routledge and TIRF – The International Research Foundation), and also look ahead, recommending ways that we might craft viable 21st century education and LEP goals for the Caribbean and other former colonies around the world, given their colonial legacy and transnational present and future.
How do people discount over spatial distance?
Authors: Bruttel Lisa , Ziemann Niklas
Published: December 2022

This paper studies how individuals discount the utility they derive from their provision of goods over spatial distance. In a controlled laboratory experiment in Germany, we elicit preferences for the provision of the same good at different locations. To isolate spatial preferences from any other direct value of the goods being close to the individual, we focus on goods with “existence value.” We find that individuals put special weight on the provision of these goods in their immediate vicinity. This “vicinity bias” represents a spatial analogy to the “present bias” in the time dimension.
Bayesianism from a philosophical perspective and its application to medicine
Authors: Williamson Jon
Published: December 2022

Bayesian philosophy and Bayesian statistics have diverged in recent years, because Bayesian philosophers have become more interested in philosophical problems other than the foundations of statistics and Bayesian statisticians have become less concerned with philosophical foundations. One way in which this divergence manifests itself is through the use of direct inference principles: Bayesian philosophers routinely advocate principles that require calibration of degrees of belief to available non-epistemic probabilities, while Bayesian statisticians rarely invoke such principles. As I explain, however, the standard Bayesian framework cannot coherently employ direct inference principles. Direct inference requires a shift towards a non-standard Bayesian framework, which further increases the gap between Bayesian philosophy and Bayesian statistics. This divergence does not preclude the application of Bayesian philosophical methods to real-world problems. Data consolidation is a key challenge for present-day systems medicine and other systems sciences. I show that data consolidation requires direct inference and that the non-standard Bayesian methods outlined here are well suited to this task.
Reflections on the disappearance of Dolos list, a now-defunct “predatory” publishing blacklist
Authors: da Silva Jaime A. Teixeira
Published: December 2022

After the closure of Jeffrey Beall’s open access “predatory” publishing blacklists in mid-January of 2017, a new “predatory publishing” blacklist emerged in 2018, Dolos list. This blacklist, curated by “Professor Alexandre Georges”, became defunct sometime in late 2020 or early 2021 based on publicly available clues. In this paper, several aspects of this blacklist, as retrieved from the Internet Archive and ResearchGate, were examined, including the profile of “Alexandre Georges”. The veracity of this individual’s identity is questioned. Discussion is provided about the citation, use and promotion of Dolos list in the literature and on websites as a solution and/or resource pertaining to “predatory” publishing. Given the questionable nature of the now-defunct Dolos blacklist website, and the uncertainty regarding the veracity of its curator’s identity, the author holds the opinion that sites that continue to promote the Dolos list may also be spreading inaccurate information (i.e., misinformation) to academics.
I ricettari federiciani: appunti di lavoro
Authors: Cupelloni Francesca
Published: December 2022

This paper presents recent research findings on the so-called «Frederician cookbooks» – better known as the Liber de coquina –, with specific reference to some new etymological hypotheses about medieval Italian food names. Moreover, through a palaeographic and linguistic analysis, this article discusses the geographical localization and dating of the major manuscripts within this textual tradition, in a new attempt to cast light on a very complex documentation. Specifically, by interacting with Anna Martellotti’s work (I ricettari di Federico II. Dal «Meridionale» al «Liber de coquina», Firenze, Olschki, 2005), the results presented here hope to bring a new perspective to the lively debate on the southern origin of this medieval tradition, which is probably the oldest Italian recipe collection.
Aggiornamenti sulla lingua dei Banchetti di Cristoforo Messi Sbugo
Authors: Ricotta Veronica
Published: December 2022

The paper proposes some linguistic updates on Cristoforo Messi Sbugo’s Banchetti in light of the preparation of a new critical edition of the text, focusing on autographs and latest findings in the study of the language of food.
Fr. pochard adj./s.m. ‘ivrogne’ : étymologie et histoire
Authors: Chauveau Jean-Paul
Published: December 2022

This contribution establishes the etymology and traces the history of French pochard adj./m.n. ‘drunk’ : a derivative of Western Oïl dialects ˹poche˺ f.n. ‘cheap plonk’ (< latin posca f.n. ‘mixture of vinegar and water’).
Variantes d’éditeurs et évolution syntaxique au XVIe siècle
Authors: Dourdy Laura-Maï
Published: December 2022

This article sheds light on the linguistic modifications found in nine successive sixteenth-century editions from Paris and Lyon of the anonymous prose version of La Belle Hélène de Constantinople. Particular focus will be placed on aspects of syntactic revision, such as subject-verb inversion in declaratives, placement of object pronouns, introduction of embedded clauses and separation of relative clauses from their antecedents. After a presentation of the textual tradition, linguistic variants will be examined in light of previous studies on Middle and Preclassical French, and then compared with data found in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century grammars. It is in prints from the second half of the sixteenth century that one tends to find linguistic variants that became predominant and spread. This confirms the hypothesis of a global linguistic change in the middle of the sixteenth century, which allowed the frontier between Middle French and Preclassical French to shift at that time. Corpora comprising various successive editions of the same text thus make it possible to observe and date phenomena of linguistic evolution and offer a window into the editorial habits concerning the language. They make it easier to see how the process of language standardisation was linked to the development of printing.
The Neurotoxin DSP-4 Dysregulates the Locus Coeruleus-Norepinephrine System and Recapitulates Molecular and Behavioral Aspects of Prodromal Neurodegenerative Disease
Authors: Iannitelli Alexa F. , Kelberman Michael A. , Lustberg Daniel J. , Korukonda Anu , McCann Katharine E. , Mulvey Bernard , Segal Arielle , Liles L. Cameron , Sloan Steven A. , Dougherty Joseph D. , Weinshenker David
Published: December 2022

The noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) is among the earliest sites of tau and α-synuclein pathology in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), respectively. The onset of these pathologies coincides with loss of noradrenergic fibers in LC target regions and the emergence of prodromal symptoms including sleep disturbances and anxiety. Paradoxically, these prodromal symptoms are indicative of a noradrenergic hyperactivity phenotype, rather than the predicted loss of norepinephrine (NE) transmission following LC damage, suggesting the engagement of complex compensatory mechanisms. Because current therapeutic efforts are targeting early disease, interest in the LC has grown, and it is critical to identify the links between pathology and dysfunction. We employed the LC-specific neurotoxin N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine (DSP-4), which preferentially damages LC axons, to model early changes in the LC-NE system pertinent to AD and PD in male and female mice. DSP-4 (two doses of 50 mg/kg, one week apart) induced LC axon degeneration, triggered neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, and reduced tissue NE levels. There was no LC cell death or changes to LC firing, but transcriptomics revealed reduced expression of genes that define noradrenergic identity and other changes relevant to neurodegenerative disease. Despite the dramatic loss of LC fibers, NE turnover and signaling were elevated in terminal regions and were associated with anxiogenic phenotypes in multiple behavioral tests. These results represent a comprehensive analysis of how the LC-NE system responds to axon/terminal damage reminiscent of early AD and PD at the molecular, cellular, systems, and behavioral levels, and provides potential mechanisms underlying prodromal neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Expression of a Form of Cerebellar Motor Memory Requires Learned Alterations to the Activity of Inhibitory Molecular Layer Interneurons
Authors: Bonnan Audrey , Zhang Ke , Gaffield Michael A. , Christie Jason M.
Published: December 2022

Procedural memories formed in the cerebellum in response to motor errors depend on changes to Purkinje cell (PC) spiking patterns that correct movement when the erroneous context is repeated. Because molecular layer interneurons (MLIs) inhibit PCs, learning-induced changes to MLI output may participate in reshaping PC spiking patterns. However, it remains unclear whether error-driven learning alters MLI activity and whether such changes are necessary for the memory engram. We addressed this knowledge gap by measuring and manipulating MLI activity in the flocculus of both sexes of mice before and after vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) adaptation. We found that MLIs are activated during vestibular stimuli and that their population response exhibits a phase shift after the instantiation of gain-increase VOR adaptation, a type of error-driven learning thought to require climbing-fiber-mediated instructive signaling. Although acute optogenetic suppression of MLI activity did not affect baseline VOR performance, it negated the expression of gain-increase learning, demonstrating a specific role of MLI activity changes in motor memory expression. This effect was transitory; after a multiday consolidation period, the expression of VOR gain-increase learning was no longer sensitive to MLI activity suppression. Together, our results indicate that error-driven alteration of MLI activity is necessary for labile, climbing-fiber-induced motor memory expression.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn the cerebellum, motor learning induces an associative memory of the sensorimotor context of an erroneous movement that, when recalled, results in a new pattern of output that improves subsequent trials of performance. Our study shows that error-driven motor learning induces changes to the activity pattern of cerebellar molecular layer interneurons (MLIs) and that this new pattern of activity is required to express the corrective motor memory.
Prelimbic Cortex Activity during a Distress Tolerance Task Predicts Cocaine-Seeking Behavior in Male, But Not Female Rats
Authors: Moschak Travis M. , Sloand T. Joseph , Carelli Regina M.
Published: December 2022

Distress tolerance (DT) is defined as the ability to persist in challenging goal-directed behavior in the face of stress, and individuals with low DT exhibit heightened drug-seeking behavior. However, no preclinical studies have examined the neurobiology underlying this phenomenon. To assess this,in vivoelectrophysiology was used in Long Evans male and female rats during a DT task to record neural activity in the prelimbic cortex (PrL), a brain region implicated in drug-seeking. Rats were first assessed for DT, defined as the amount of time elapsed before rats quit seeking reward in an increasingly difficult operant task. Subsequently, rats underwent 2 weeks of self-administration for either water/saline or cocaine for 6 h/day. Animals then began a 1 month period of experimenter-imposed abstinence to induce heightened drug-seeking behavior. On day 28 of abstinence, DT and neural activity were reassessed; and on day 30, cocaine-seeking behavior was examined under extinction. Males had significantly higher DT than females and exhibited significantly more phasic PrL activity during the DT task. Furthermore, in male rats with a history of cocaine, PrL activity shifted to track DT; and this change in activity significantly correlated with the change in DT. Additionally, male (but not female) rats with low DT after 28 d of abstinence had significantly heightened drug-seeking behavior. Finally, PrL activity during the DT task predicted cocaine-seeking behavior. Collectively, these data demonstrate an important role for the PrL in DT in males, and link this neural activity and behavior to drug-seeking, particularly in males.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDistress tolerance (DT) is defined as the ability to persist in challenging goal-directed behavior in the face of stress, and individuals with low DT exhibit heightened drug-seeking. Here, we investigated the role of the prelimbic cortex (PrL) in DT and its relationship to cocaine-seeking in male and female rats. We found that males had significantly higher DT than females and exhibited significantly more PrL activity during the DT task. Furthermore, male (but not female) rats with low DT after 28 d of abstinence had significantly heightened drug-seeking behavior. Finally, PrL activity during the DT task predicted cocaine-seeking. These data demonstrate an important role for the PrL in DT and link this neural activity and behavior to drug-seeking in males.
Cryo‐EM structures of human ABCA7 provide insights into its phospholipid translocation mechanisms
Authors: Le Le Thi My , Thompson James Robert , Dehghani‐Ghahnaviyeh Sepehr , Pant Shashank , Dang Phuoc Xuan , French Jarrod Bradley , Kanikeyo Takahisa , Tajkhorshid Emad , Alam Amer
Published: December 2022

Phospholipid extrusion by ABC subfamily A (ABCA) exporters is central to cellular physiology, although the specifics of the underlying substrate interactions and transport mechanisms remain poorly resolved at the molecular level. Here we report cryo‐EM structures of lipid‐embedded human ABCA7 in an open state and in a nucleotide‐bound, closed state at resolutions between 3.6 and 4.0 Å. The former reveals an ordered patch of bilayer lipids traversing the transmembrane domain (TMD), while the latter reveals a lipid‐free, closed TMD with a small extracellular opening. These structures offer a structural framework for both substrate entry and exit from the ABCA7 TMD and highlight conserved rigid‐body motions that underlie the associated conformational transitions. Combined with functional analysis and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, our data also shed light on lipid partitioning into the ABCA7 TMD and localized membrane perturbations that underlie ABCA7 function and have broader implications for other ABCA family transporters.
Editorial: En la universidad y en la escuela ¿Tensiones o alianza estratégica?
Authors: Chávez Preisler Carolina
Published: December 2022

This reflection deals with Initial Teacher Training and the importance of pedagogical practices. The reflection will be addressed in relation to three questions: How important are pedagogical practices in Initial Teacher Training?; What tensions are there in relation to pedagogical practices?; And what models of significant pedagogical practices exist?
Entre la teoría y la práctica. El componente de educación cívica y los aprendizajes obtenidos por un grupo de estudiantes egresado del Bachillerato en la Enseñanza de los Estudios Sociales y Educación Cívica de la Universidad Nacional (UNA), Costa Rica
Authors: Blanco Chacón Luis , Benavides Mora Luis , Gómez Gamboa Verónica , Murillo Guzmán Luis Adrián
Published: December 2022

This article has as object of study the identification and analysis of the learning obtained by a group of four students graduated from Baccalaureate in the Teaching of Social Studies and Civic Education (BEESEC) in 2020 by the Universidad Nacional, within the component of Civic Education belonging to the current curriculum of the career approved in 2017 and whether or not this promotes a critical citizenship. The foregoing to rethink the processes of Initial Teacher Training (hereinafter FID) of the graduated teachers. To carry out the described, a qualitative methodology was used in which the discussion group technique was applied and the data were interpreted through open and axial coding.
Los procedimientos en la enseñanza de la Historia: fortalezas y debilidades en relación con el programa de estudio y la política curricular actual
Authors: Naranjo Segura Juan Carlos , Carvajal Barrantes Marvin
Published: December 2022

This article presents the results of a research that aims to analyze, from the teaching perspective, the strengths, and weaknesses in the application of the procedures that history must develop in the Social Studies lessons, in relation to the study program. and current curriculum policy. We worked with a total of 35 teachers from the area, applying a mixed approach methodology through a questionnaire supplied virtually, made up of open and closed questions. This questionnaire allows a preliminary survey of the most used procedures, thus, 79,4 % of the responses were linked to the ability to contrast and correlate different types of sources and documents for the study of a historical event. On the contrary, the procedures with less use by teachers, with 2,9 %, are: the preparation of graphs that represent the magnitude of the periods and sub-periods, the notion of simultaneity and imagine how a certain fact or historical situation if some of its causes had changed. Regarding the strengths of the program and the curricular policy, the teachers mention the search for the development of skills such as: critical and systemic thinking, as well as the use of the problem-based learning methodology. Finally, they point out weaknesses such as: the extension of the contents, their disarticulation, the absence of Geography contents and the contradictions between the foundation of the program with the number of evaluation criteria to be developed.
Cartografía participativa como estrategia didáctica en la enseñanza de la educación ciudadana
Authors: Zúñiga Villalobos Dylan
Published: December 2022

This article analyzes the use of participatory cartography as a didactic strategy in the teaching of citizenship training. To achieve this, it uses theories of situated cognition and didactics of Geography for citizen participation to territorialize the perceptions of citizen security of the Hatillo district, San José, Costa Rica. The research uses the development of critical collective mapping workshops as a form of participatory intervention of the practice with classroom actors. The evaluation of the strategy conducted by the participating teacher is addressed together with the systematic assessment of the experience with the students. The findings of this work allowed the construction of a heat map that positions the subjective zoning for the risk management of the students in situations of insecurity, as a geodidactic innovation for citizen training in the subject of Civic Education.