bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The future of Children and Teenage Ministries in Kenyan Churches
Authors: William Chesaina Kipkoros
Published: April 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted every part of the World. It brought unfortunate consequences; unexpected deaths, sudden unemployment, strain on healthcare systems, economic near collapse and the worst of all is the unprecedented disruption in places of worship. On the 13th of March 2020, the government of Kenya ordered an immediate closure of Churches as a containment measure against the spread of the pandemic. As at March 26th 2020 millions of children and adolescents in 165 countries were affected by the closure.  Due to high level of vulnerability, children and the elderly were advised to stay at home to avoid risk of exposure. This move forced the Kenyan church leaders to navigate through unfamiliar territory of adopting new ways of doing ministry through online platforms such as Facebook, YouTube, Zoom, and Church Websites and Televisions to offer spiritual services such as preaching, discipleships, follow-ups, fellowships and even visitations to all groups’ children, teens, youths and adults. This study sought to establish which of the groups in the churches did not receive adequate or specific attention during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research was carried out on 22nd May through 20th June 2020. The study used survey research design, a valuable tool of assessing the attitudes, opinions and trends of church leaders. An exponential non-discriminative snowball sampling technique was used to identify respondents. 429 (n) pastors and church leaders from 33 Counties of Kenya and among 161 denominations participated in the study. The online survey was hosted by US-based data company SurveyMonkey Inc. that processed and analyzed the data. The study findings indicated that Children between the ages of 0- 11 years (64.57%) and Teenagers between the ages of 12- 19 years (30.77%) received inadequate attention. The knowledge gained in this research is helpful for churches and various denominations to formulate appropriate and practical methods of effectively ministering to the children and teenagers even in seasons of crises.
Effect of Cultural Dimensions Practiced in Kenya on Strategy Implementation among Professional Bodies Registered by the Association of Professional Societies of East Africa
Authors: Anne Njagi  , Joseph Ngugi Kamau  , Charity W. Muraguri
Published: April 2024

The study sought to establish how strategy implementation was effected within professional bodies registered with the Association of Professional Societies in East Africa (APSEA) in Kenya.
Through descriptive study design, the research applied a convenience sampling method to interrogate 28 registered professional bodies in Kenya using a structured questionnaire. Out of 168 questionnaires shared across the professional bodies, 132 fully responded questionnaires were returned. Results were processed using linear regression model to establish the effectiveness of strategy implementation within the professional bodies using Statistical Package for Social Sciences program. Results indicated the constructs for strategy implementation against 4 culture dimensions clan, adhocracy, market and hierarchy; produced beta values of .245, .249, .263 and .281 with p<.05 indicating a significant increment whenever each dimension was applied. Further research is recommended to establish if strategy implementation can prevail in an environment not adopting any of the 4 cultural dimensions
EFFECT OF MONITORING AND EVALUATION SYSTEMS ON WASH PROGRAMS
Authors: Habwe Musotsi Mishael  , Wilfred Subbo
Published: April 2024

The objective of this study were to establish the extent to which availability of finances impact the effectiveness of monitoring and evaluation system for Compassion International Sponsored Projects Kenya Chigutu WASH programme. The study employed a descriptive survey research design. The target population was 66 employees of Chigutu WASH Programme working under the WASH programme and in human resources, finance and administration departments. Due to their small number, a census was conducted. Numerical data collected using questionnaires was coded and entered and analyzed with help of a computer Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) version 21 software programme. The data was analysed using Correlation and regression where the study used karl-pearson correlation to relate the variables.An interview guide were also used to interview key informant persons in the organization who included departmental heads, senior managers, M&E experts and consultants. The findings of the study were, in relation to the first objective found that that theThe projects funds should have adequate provision for monitoring and evaluation activities. The availability of finances will determine what can be achieved as far as implementation, strengthening and sustainability of monitoring and evaluation system is concerned. A key function of planning for monitoring and evaluation is to estimate the costs, staffing, and other resources needed for monitoring and evaluation work.
Influence of Team Conflicts on Collaborative Value within Ashoka Fellows' Organizations in Africa
Authors: Wamuyu Mahinda  , Caren Ouma  , Joseph Ngugi Kamau
Published: April 2024

Team conflicts result from an incompatible interaction among team members due to real or perceived differences, and its effect varies with fundamental aspects of the group setting.
This study investigated how both relationship and task conflicts impacted how the Ashoka team members interacted within and with other teams as collaboration is crucial in today's interconnected world, where many new organizational forms, such as strategic alliances, public-private partnerships, and networks, are necessary
The study also confirmed that team conflicts have a significant effect on collaborative value. Also confirmed is that  Intra-organizational social capital is a significant mediator between team conflicts and collaborative value. A unit change in Team Conflicts significantly changes Collaborative Value within Ashoka Fellow Organizations in Africa by 33.6 % after mediation, an increase of 9.8%.
Since conflicts are common in teams, the study recommends that team leadership incorporates intra-organization social capital to increase their collaborative value
Role of Dietary Antioxidants in the Management of HIV/AIDs
Authors: Phyllis Waruguru  , Wesley Bor
Published: April 2024

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has predominantly been considered the main cause in the progression of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, many researchers believe that there are co-factors involved along the way that may play a critical role in HIV progression to AIDs. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been established to be present at the onset of HIV infection. Additionally, the delayed response by the immune system upon infection may be due to an initial depletion of antioxidants, which play a critical role in scavenging excess ROS to maintain normal physiological conditions. This antioxidant imbalance results in a condition known as oxidative stress (OS). Oxidative Stress has been reported to be an integral element in the progression of many diseases, including HIV/AIDS. Therefore, it is presumed that dietary antioxidant treatment may provide a promising and cost-effective therapeutic approach in suppressing the viral load.
The aim of this review was to synthesize and summarize existing knowledge on the role of dietary antioxidants in suppressing HIV viral load.
Determinants of Utilization of Early Infant HIV Diagnosis Services at Kericho County Referral Hospital, Kericho County, Kenya
Authors: Hellen Ngeno  , Wesley Bor
Published: April 2024

HIV and AIDS has become a health challenge globally. It is a major cause of infant and childhood morbidity and mortality in Africa. This research was a cross sectional analytical survey to assess the determinants of utilization of Early Infant Diagnosis (EID) at Kericho County Referral Hospital (KCRH). Data was collected using pretested questionnaires, administered to the postnatal HIV positive mothers and or caretakers of HIV exposed children. Data was analysed using SPSS software version 18.0. Data was analysed using Chi-square and Logistic Regression analysis. Of the 254 respondents, 201 (79.1%) were biological mothers to the children, the rest were caretakers. The children were aged between 1 and 18 months with a mean age of 9.62 months. Majority of the respondents had adequate knowledge of adult HIV infection with regard to what HIV is, routes of transmission, diagnosis and treatment. Knowledge of paediatric HIV infection was however inadequate with only 132 (52%) respondents who knew the approximate rate of HIV transmission from mother to child and 130 (51.2%) who knew about the availability of paediatric Antiretroviral (ARV) drugs. Both adult and paediatric HIV knowledge was better with increasing level of education. The younger respondents were also more knowledgeable than the older ones. The children who had utilized EID were only 75 (29.5%). The significant determinants of EID utilization included: the level of education (p=0.002), the place of delivery (p<0.01), the age of the respondent (p=0.008), the distance to the nearest healthcare facility that offered EID (p=0.004) among others. The most significant determinants of EID utilization were the level of education, accessibility and the age of the respondents. In conclusion, EID utilization is still low in Kericho County. This study recommends that improving maternal education would improve EID uptake.
The Employee Productivity in Devolved Governments
Authors: Timothy Okech  , Jamleck Muturi
Published: April 2024

Twenty first Century is characterized by dynamism, coupled by technological changes, and globalization. In this regard, employee productivity is a key factor for leadership of organizational success. Leadership in an organization has to optimize human potential to accomplish organizational goals and efficiently and effectively utilize given scarce resources. The research aimed at examining factors affecting employee productivity in devolved governments in Kenya in terms of three thematic areas namely motivation, employee capacity and infrastructure in Embu County government. Adopting descriptive research design, the study targeted employees in the county, from whom a sample size of three hundred and forty-five respondents was selected using stratified sampling ten departments from the county. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire that contained both open and closed ended. Data collected was analysed to obtain both descriptive and inferential statistics. The study revealed that the management has initiated several motivating strategies to its employees which include merit promotion, inclusive leadership as well as training opportunities, merit recruitment, and that good leadership positively influenced employee productivity. Further, that employees’ level of training influenced their productivity and that the County had provided necessary working infrastructure which was however considered inadequate thereby impacting negatively on employee productivity.
Re-Visiting TV Soap Opera Viewership in a Changing Broadcasting Dispensation in Nairobi
Authors: Collins Wagumba  , Dr Kamau Mwangi
Published: April 2024

This study rekindles the soap opera audience viewing debate in a digital broadcast environment within the Kenyan television programming context. In a mixed-method approach,415 participants were interviewed on their preferences of 21 regularly scheduled soap operas in 5 leading Free to air TV stations in Kenya, In addition, 57 participants were purposively identified for FGDs. The study employed the uses and gratification framework. The findings are that even with a new broadcast dispensation and a myriad of programming, the selection and viewing of soap operas are still paramount. The viewers select to watch soap operas with storylines and performance they perceive as believable and genuine. The domestic audience is attracted to watch foreign soap operas over the local productions because of their better storytelling skills and characterization. The study recommends scripting workshops for domestic producers and the development of screen acting centers of excellence.  There is also a need to tweak the 60% local content quota policy to incorporate creative aspects. Regular promos of the domestic soap operas within the broadcast schedules would also boost their uptake.
Measures of Effective Psychological Care Strategies Used with Looked-After Children and Youths
Authors: Magut Amos
Published: April 2024

This paper provides a framework for ascertaining the effectiveness of psychological interventions when working with looked-after children in institutions of care. The paper is derived from a review of various studies in the area of psychological care for looked-after youths and children in different contexts around the globe. The review revealed that the effectiveness of psychological interventions may be ascertained by the presence of the following signs in looked-after youth and children: self-awareness, self-regulation, self-motivation and sense of mastery. Therefore, caregivers and institutions need to develop a framework for evaluating the effectiveness of their psychological intervention programmes. Although this paper is based on a review of literature, it contributes towards establishment of effective strategies for evaluating the effectiveness of their psychological intervention programmes given to youths and children in institutional contexts. Most importantly, such a study may identify bottlenecks that hinder optimum rehabilitation and development of youths in care. This will be achieved through finding out the extent to which the provision of psychosocial support services impacts on development of personal competencies, i.e. resilience which is key in maintaining a normal personality. A balanced personality is important because it will help the looked-after children to grow and develop normally a prerequisite for achieving full human functioning.
Accounting Implications on Financial Deepening in Kenya
Authors: San Lio
Published: April 2024

Purpose: Financial deepening linked to Kenya’s financial ingenuity, M-Pesa has positively impacted livelihoods. The study examined accounting implications on financial deepening in Kenya’s Kitui County.
Design/methodology/approach: This was a case study design survey and sought to examine the complex relationship between accounting and financial deepening in Kitui County.
Findings: Based on the results, the overall fitted model was significant F (3, 26) = 6.634, p < .05, R2 = .434). This clearly showed that accounting for costs, revenue, and balance sheet items had a positive significant impact on financial deepening which enhanced the livelihoods of the shop owners.
Originality/Value: Mobile platforms have created an opportunity and enhanced financial deepening in many of Africa's rural setups such as Kitui County in Kenya. However, financial deepening can only be sustained through wealth creation or profit maximization. This implies that mobile platforms are means and not the end, hence the need to examine accounting and financial deepening relationships.
Emphasizing the Right of the Child Through African Cultural Values and Music Education
Authors: Adeola Funmilayo Odunuga  , Adebowale Adeogun
Published: April 2024

The right of children has been challenged and threatened in Africa from time immemorial, this has made them vulnerable to abuse, exploitation, and discrimination. African children are abused most of the time because they do not know they are entitled to some rights. Children across Africa face many interconnected cases of abuse and barriers every day to their right to an education (Kilatu, 2019; HRW, 2022). But the African charter on the rights and welfare of the child emphasizes the right of a child to have education directed to preserve and strengthen positive African cultural and traditional values and experiences. The descriptive survey design was adopted for the study with a population of forty respondents in Nigeria. A structured questionnaire which consisted of fourteen items in three sections was used to elicit information from the respondents. The data collected from the investigation were analyzed using percentages. The study equally used unstructured interviews, observation, and library sources to gather data for the work. The research found out that many adults and children are not aware of children’s rights and this makes children vulnerable to abuse and exploitation. It equally found out that there is a need for society to inform and equip African parents and children with knowledge of children’s rights and privileges. This study recommends that since the African tradition is transmitted through folklore and folksongs, it should be included and emphasized in the education of Nigerian children and adults.
Temperature-Dependent Elastic Constants of Substrates for Manufacture of Mems Devices
Authors: Erick Ogam  , Z. E. A Fellah  , Henry Otunga  , Maxwell Mageto  , Andrew Oduor
Published: April 2024

We present a comparative computational study of temperature-dependent elastic constants of silicon (Si), silicon carbide (SiC) and diamond as substrates that are commonly used in the manufacture of Micro-Electromechanical Systems (MEMS) devices. Also mentioned is Cd2SnO4, whose ground-state elastic constants were determined just recently for the first time. Si is the dominant substrate used in the manufacture of MEMS devices, owing to its desirable electrical, electronic, thermal and mechanical properties. However, its low hardness, brittleness and inability to work under harsh environment such as high-temperature environment, has limited its use in the manufacture of MEMS like mechanical sensors and bioMEMS. Mechanical sensors are fabricated on SiC and diamond due to their high Young’s moduli as well as high fracture strength, while the bioMEMS are fabricated on polymers. The effect of temperature on the elastic constants of these substrates will help in giving insight into how their performance vary with temperature.
Gender and Age Differences in Perceived Stress among Students in a Selected Public University in Kenya
Authors: Michael Mbiriri
Published: April 2024

The study aimed to unveil gender and age differences in the perceived stress levels of undergraduate students in the psychology department at a public university in western Kenya. The researcher applied a descriptive survey as the research design. A quantitative method was used to collect the data. Data were obtained from a questionnaire and Perceived stress scale inventory (PSS). The data collection tool consisted of three sections: Demographic profile of the participants was incorporated in section A; Section B consisted of Perceived stress scale inventory (PSS) which was developed by Sheldon Cohen in 1988. A perceived stress scale was used to capture the level of perceived stress in an individual. The perceived stress scale measures the degree to which situations in one’s life are appraised as stressful. Perceived stress is psychological as opposed to physiological indicators of stress. Section C contained the cluster of causes of stress. It consisted of four dimensions of stress sources: financial, academic, interpersonal, and intrapersonal relationship. Respondents were required to choose appropriate scores for the four clusters of the generation of stress.  Data were purposively collected from all the thirty-three psychology department students with a mean age of 21years.  The result obtained showed different causes of stress among respondents. Perceived stress levels were grouped into four: Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, Academic, and Financial sources.  The results of the data analysis showed significant differences between the stress mean scores of male and female students. Stress was found to be an issue among undergraduate students that should be of clinical concern for psychotherapists. Female students reported higher perceived stress levels (86%) than their male counterparts (55%). The findings of this study will help mental health practitioners to develop interventions that will address the psychological needs of the students based on their gender
Cultural Analysis of the Media
Authors: Patrick Mulinge
Published: April 2024

culture hegemony is a phenomenon which punctuates our daily living in the world today. Media are powerful vehicles of culture, ideology, information and education. To some extent they define people and their cultures. The media play a great role in cultural transmission and influence in and across nations. The developed world media are powerful and their influences transcend space and time. The impact of the developed world (mainly in the global North) media on some cultural aspects in the developing world (countries seeking to become more advanced economically and socially) is of significance. The impetus of the impact of influence has been precipitated by the sharing of information in bulks through the internet. Anchored on critical theory; the aim of this paper is to bring to focus some aspects which manifest cultural hegemony. It acknowledges that the cases of cultural influence are many and thus highlights a few. The main focus is on three areas which include: imperialism and dependency, creation of global culture and influence through international media events. The paper foregrounds and advocates for paradigm shift in this kind of existence.
An Evaluation of the Coping Strategies of Medical Residents in Kenya
Authors: Amy Akim  , Miriam Miima  , Jonathan Nthusi
Published: April 2024

Coping has been demonstrated as the critical determinant of mental health among medical residents. No study has quantitatively evaluated the coping strategies of medical residents in Kenya. This study, therefore, sought to assess the coping strategies of medical residents in Kenya. The BRIEF Cope was used. The study was a quantitative, cross-sectional online survey among medical residents in Kenya. The validated study tool consisted of the Brief-COPE. Stratified sampling technique was used with a sample size of 283 calculated. Descriptive statistics were analyzed into proportions. Adaptive coping strategies were more utilized. The most commonly used adaptive coping strategies were acceptance (mean 69.96, SD 22.41), planning (mean 69.15, SD 22.84), positive reframing (mean 67.81, SD 22.42), and religion (mean 62.40, SD 26.96). The most commonly used maladaptive coping strategies were self-distraction (mean 61.33, SD 21.38), venting (mean 55.04, SD 19.25) and self-blame (mean 52.52, SD 21.82). Adaptive coping strategies were used more than maladaptive ones. The most commonly used adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies were acceptance and self-distraction respectively. Policy formulation to promote utilization of adaptive coping strategies among medical residents in Kenya.
Perceived Determinants of Adherence to Standard Operating Procedures among Laboratory Personnel as per the Staff in Bomet County, Kenya
Authors: Sifora Fanta  , Matthew Loftus  , Joy Mugambi
Published: April 2024

Laboratory errors are a major burden in health care systems. To reduce laboratory errors and increase laboratory quality, international health organizations such as the World Health Organization developed laboratory quality management systems (QMS). One of the QMS essentials (Documents and Records) contains Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). SOPs are step-by-step instructions that laboratory personnel use as a guide in performing laboratory procedures. Thus, adhering to SOPs ensures consistency, accuracy, and quality of laboratory procedures, thereby increasing laboratory data quality and reducing errors. However, studies in Kenya have shown low percentage results in evaluating documents and records, which means low adherence to SOPs. This study aimed to identify the determinants of adherence to SOPs. A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted in two conveniently selected hospitals (Tenwek Mission Hospital and Longisa County Referral Hospital) in Bomet County, Kenya. Four focused group discussions and eight key informant interviews were done. Based on the objectives, collected data were analyzed using manual coding and thematic analysis. The study identified themes that determine adherence to SOPs which mainly are the working environment, and factors that promote adherence to SOPs are professional education, leadership factors, and work environment. Key areas that needed intervention on SOPs adherence are personal reasons, professional education, and quality equipment. Professional education and leadership have been suggested for the sustenance of intervention. Recommendations to hospitals to increase opportunities for professional education and to increase the number of staff to help lower workload are made.
Treatment Compliance Among Women with Pregnancy Induced Hypertension Attending Selected Health Facilities in Rachuonyo North Sub-County, Homabay County, Kenya
Authors: Eucabeth Jabuya  , Maurice KOTHIAMBO  , Antony WANYORO
Published: April 2024

Treatment compliance among expectant women with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is a global health challenge. Gestational hypertension remains a leading cause of Maternal and infant mortality and morbidity. However, very little has been done to mitigate the situation. The general objective of this study was to assess treatment compliance among women with gestational hypertension in Rachuonyo North Sub-County. The specific objectives were to establish the socio-demographic factors that affect compliance, to determine the level of knowledge, and to establish the health system factors affecting treatment compliance. A cross-sectional study was undertaken targeting pregnant women aged 15-49 years with gestational hypertension. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, Focused Group Discussion guides, and Key Informant Interviews. A total of 175 women responded. The women who were pregnant had been diagnosed with gestational hypertension and were on treatment for at least one month were included in the study. Two doctors, two clinical health officers, and two Nurses were included as key informants. Data were analyzed using Chi-Square, Fisher's Exact, and Mann-Whitney U-test. Treatment compliance was 18.3% whereas the level of knowledge was 68.1%. Age (p=0.007), education (p=0.038), explanation of gestational hypertension (p=0.001), medication counseling (p=0.024) and frequency of follow up (p<0.001) were significantly associated with treatment compliance. However, education level was theonly significant factor that could predict treatment compliance with respondents who had completed primary school being 4.968 times more likely to comply (O. R= 4.968, p=0.05) compared to those who had not completed primary. The study findings are useful for planning and designing appropriate interventions for improving treatment compliance among women with gestational hypertension.
Influence of Incremental Strategy Implementation Style on Performance of Commercial State Corporations in Kenya
Authors: Vincent Ngundi  , Juliana M. Namada
Published: April 2024

This research study sought to determine how the incremental strategy implementation style influenced the performance of commercial state corporations in Kenya. This research study employed the positivism research philosophy and a descriptive research design. The target population was 1813 staff working in middle-level management in commercial state corporations in Kenya. Multistage sampling method was applied to draw 327 respondents from the target population. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires. Using linear regression analysis through the SPSS statistical software, this research study established that the incremental strategy implementation style had a positive and significant influence on the performance of commercial state corporations in Kenya. Further, this research study found that high commitment, incremental improvement over time, and experimental nature positively and significantly influenced the financial performance of commercial state corporations in Kenya. In addition, this research study established that high commitment and incremental improvement over time positively and significantly influenced the customer satisfaction of commercial state corporations in Kenya, but experimental nature had no statistically significant influence on customer satisfaction. This research study concludes that adoption of the incremental strategy implementation style enhances the performance of commercial state corporations in Kenya, and therefore recommends that in order to achieve enhanced performance, the management of commercial state corporations should ensure high stakeholder commitment, experimenting during the implementation of strategy, and incrementally improving strategy during implementation.
A Data-driven Model for Sustainable Deployment of Climate Smart Agriculture Practices Among Smallholder Farmers in Kakamega
Authors: Ndung'u Simon , Thiga Moses , WANDAHWA Philip , Ogema Vitalis
Published: April 2024

Kenya’s agriculture is dominated by millions of smallholder farmers who produce over 75 percent of the national agricultural production. The smallholder farmers, however, are the most vulnerable to climate change because various socioeconomics, demography, and policy trends limit their capacity to adapt to change. To mitigate against the negative effects of climate change on smallholder farmers’ numerous interventions, in the form of Climate Smart Agriculture Technologies have been developed and promoted by development partners and government departments. Not all the targeted smallholder farmers, however, participate in and adopt the technologies at the ideal rates and intensity leading to their dis-adoption and abandonment. This study, therefore, sought to develop a data-driven model for the sustainable deployment and adoption of CSA practices among smallholder farmers in Kakamega County. The study employed a mixed methods research design. Through a quantitative survey of 428 smallholder Climate Smart Agriculture Technology adopters and dis-adopters, this study reviewed and investigated the major socio-economic and biophysical characteristics of the different smallholder farmer categories. Supervised Machine Learning using the Scikit-Learn library of Python Programming language to build, pilot, and review Decision Tree and Random Forest Classifier models for the sustainable deployment and adaptation of CSA practices among Kakamega County's smallholder farmers. 19 key variables were identified for developing a predictive model for CSA Technology adoption. A predictive tool was developed and piloted among 15 smallholder CSA farmers. The classifier model produced a Mean Squared Error of 0.16. The proposed model predicted smallholder farmer adoption at an accuracy of 89.53 percent and 90.0 percent with test data and pilot data, respectively. This study, therefore, proposes a new model for the optimal selection of Climate Smart Agriculture intervention beneficiaries.
Effect of Standard Costing on Financial Performance of Manufacturing Industries in the North Rift Economic Block, Kenya
Authors: Hellen Otieno  , Caroline Ayuma  , Christine Ngari
Published: April 2024

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of standard costing on financial performance. The study adopted explanatory research design and stratified sampling technique for data collection on a questionnaire with closed-ended questions. The sample size for the study was 220 consisting of 63 auditors and 157 accountants from 48 manufacturing industries. Cronbach’s alpha and factor analysis were used to test for the reliability and construct validity of the research instrument respectively while the hypothesis was tested using regression analysis. The result of the study revealed that standard costing (β = 0.216, P>0.000) with R2= 0.662 had a positive significant effect on the financial performance of manufacturing industries. The study concluded that there is a significant correlation between standard costing and financial performance and that one unit change in standard costing would cause one unit change in financial performance. Likewise, the study recommended proper costing records and the application of standard costing by manufacturing firms to help them in financial performance assessment and gain control over costs. Further research studies should consider targeting operation managers and financial managers. The scope of the study was limited to manufacturing industries hence future studies should focus on service industries to establish whether the study would yield the same results.
The First-principles calculation of elastic and electronic structure properties of hexagonal Antiperovskite-type carbides XCCr3 (X=Al, Ga or Zn) materials
Authors: David Njuguna Maina  , Philip Nyawere  , Eliah Wabululu
Published: April 2024

Hexagonal chromium-based Antiperovskite materials have been attracting a lot of research interest lately as a result of their superconducting properties. In this study, the elastic and electronic structure properties of XCCr3 (X= Al, Ga or Zn) were investigated using first-principles density functional theory within the generalized gradient approximations using Quantum Espresso code. Shear Modulus (G), Young’s Modulus (E), Bulk modulus (B), Poisson ratios (υ), and Zener anisotropy factor (A) values are calculated and evaluated in calculations of elastic properties. Mechanical stability and stiffness of these materials are determined and XCCr3 (X= Al, Ga or Zn) compounds are found to be mechanically stable at zero pressure. The Fermi level locates at the vicinity of the density of states (DOS) peak, which leads to large DOS at the Fermi level N(EF) with values of 4.89, 5.72, and 4.32 states/eV for AlCCr3, GaCCr3, and ZnCCr3 respectively. The band structures are similar to that of superconducting Antiperovskite MgCNi3.
Effective Internal Communication and Teacher Burnout
Authors: Daniel Omondi  , Killian KINYUNGU LUHOMBO  , Daniel ROBERT ASWANI
Published: April 2024

Teacher burnout is a phenomenon that has ravaged the teaching profession over the years, drawing the attention of scholars from the education field. Due to its prevalence, numerous studies have been conducted to ascertain its causes, effects, and possible remedies. While there may not be a panacea for burnout, it is essential that continual research be undertaken to unearth more effective ways of tackling teacher burnout. Research has established that communication plays a significant role in impacting burnout. It is against this backdrop that the researcher aims to make a case for internal communication as a feasible solution to counteracting teacher burnout. In line with this purpose, this article reviews relevant literature on teacher burnout and internal communication, showing a connection between the two variables.
Internal Factors Influencing Gender-Responsive Monitoring in Non-Governmental Organizations
Authors: Eriasafu Lubowa  , Judy Mwangi
Published: April 2024

Studies have shown that there is no information on gender-responsive monitoring systems in non-government agencies and that such systems leverage the realization of sustainable goals, outcomes and impacts of programs. A study was conducted at the Norwegian Church Aid Ethiopia (NCAE) to assess the internal factors influencing gender-responsive monitoring in organization. Data were collected from the staff of NCAE using a questionnaire that was administered on 30 technical staff and interviews with the senior management team. The results of the revealed major internal factors which the staff of NCAE perceived to be influencing gender-responsive monitoring in the organization, including mainstreaming gender in the strategic plan; mainstreaming gender in budgeting processes; mainstreaming gender norms and gender awareness concerns in day-to-day employee supervision; and mainstreaming gender in situational analysis and assessments. The results of the revealed that that major internal challenge faced by in promoting gender-responsive monitoring was gender-based stereotype. The study recommends NCAE to adopt the internal factors which the employees perceived to be the major ones in influencing gender-responsive monitoring in the organization mainly mainstreaming gender in the strategic plan; mainstreaming gender in budgeting processes; mainstreaming gender gender awareness in day-to-day supervision; and mainstreaming gender in research. The study recommends NCAE to address challenges faced in promoting gender-responsive monitoring, mainly gender-based stereotypes.
Top Management Commitment and Insurance Fraud Cases Clearance among Life Insurers in Kenya
Authors: Erick Onyango  , Peterson MWAI KARIUKI  , George WAMAMU MUSUMBA
Published: April 2024

There is a modest amount of parenthesis literature that addresses the relationship between top management commitment and the extent of fraud case clearance among Life Insurance Companies in Kenya. The study was based the Administrative Management Theory. The theory has never been used extensively to understand the relationship between top management commitment and fraud case clearance hence this study made a significant theoretical contribution. The study adopted descriptive survey design that utilizes quantitative research to investigate the variables. Data was collected using questionnaires from the 21 life insurance companies with their head office based in Nairobi. Data collected was analysed using the latest Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version V28. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages were conducted to understand the rate of fraud case clearance. Inferential statistics such as Spearman correlation coefficient, , was also used to test the relationships. The results of correlation analysis from top management commitment yielded a mix of positive and negative correlation coefficients. Based on the findings of the present study, the life insurers management, their stakeholders, and the regulatory authority are better placed to achieve improved case clearance whenever there is top management commitment by management with regard to ethics when dealing with fraud allegations.
Influence of Monitoring and Evaluation on Road Development Projects Mombasa County, Kenya
Authors: Kennedy Omamo  , Keffa Nyandoro
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of Monitoring and Evaluation on road development projects in Kenya. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design and mixed method methodology to enable wider comprehension of the problem. The objective of this was to assess the level of stakeholder engagement on the performance of road development projects in Mombasa County, Kenya. The study utilized stakeholder theory mainly to address the shortcoming within project management. The target population was 40 county government officials, 20 National government officials, 60 community representatives and four project managers. A sample size of 124 was selected using the stratified random sampling technique. Theprimary data was collected using structured survey questionnaires to examine the independent and the dependent variables and their relationship to each other. The reliability and validity of the research instruments were tested by carrying out a pilot study. During re-testing the Cronbach Alpha (α) above 0.7 is acceptable for internal consistency. The collected data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The study findings determined that the stakeholder was responsible for knowing what was happening during the project implementation. The study concluded that the road development project, in its entirety, accepted stakeholder involvement in the planning, assessment, and analyzing efficiency and effectiveness of the project.The study recommends that stakeholder mapping is imperative for proper identification and categorization.
Compliance to Food Hygiene Practice Standards Among Food Handlers in Selected Restaurants in Nairobi City County, Kenya
Authors: LILIAN Mosota
Published: April 2024

The already developed Kenya Standard - Hygiene requirements in food service establishments and catering operations KS 2573:2015 outlines food hygiene practice requirements for food service establishments including restaurants. The broad objective of the study was to evaluate compliance to food hygiene practice standards among food handlers in selected restaurants in Nairobi City County. A descriptive, cross-sectional study design was used. The study targeted 39 purposively and proportionately sampled restaurants and 316 food handlers in the selected restaurants in Nairobi City County. The dependent variables were implementation of HACCP system and food handlers’ food hygiene practice, and the independent variable was compliance to food hygiene practice standards in restaurants. Data was collected using interview guides and questionnaires. SPSS version 26 was used to analyze the data and these findings are reported in a descriptive manner. Qualitative method was used to analyze content from interviews for themes. Gaps were identified in food temperature control for high risk foods in all food handling stages. Low proportion of food handlers consistently reported good food hygiene practice in aspects analyzed under food time and temperature control. The study recommends monitoring capacity strengthening by Public Health Inspectorate to ensure food hygiene practice standards required in restaurants and among food handlers is adhered to.
Outcomes of Trial of Labor after a Cesarean Section in Bomet County, Kenya
Authors: Ondego Eunice Carolyne , Otara Amos , Halestrap Peter , Cowles Cheryl
Published: April 2024

Trial of labor after cesarean section (TOLAC) is recommended for women with one prior cesarean section. However, TOLAC positive outcomes depend on selecting candidates to achieve higher success rates. Most available TOLAC data to inform patient selection originates from developed countries, which limits a patient-centered TOLAC practice in low-resource settings. Thus, we used a prospective observational cross-sectional approach to assess the success rate of TOLAC and establish the maternal and fetal factors associated with successful TOLAC in 170 women with one previous scar at two referral hospitals in Bomet County, a low-resource setting in Kenya. The primary maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared between those who had a vaginal birth after a cesarean section (VBAC) and those who had an emergency repeat cesarean section (ERCS) following a failed TOLAC between October 2022 and June 2023. The TOLAC success rate was 48.2% with the most common indication for emergency repeat cesarean section being failure to progress (34.1%). Factors associated with successful TOLAC included inter-delivery interval >60 months (p-0.044), and parity 2-4 (p- <0.001). Breech presentation and non-reassuring fetal status (NRFS) as indications for previous cesarean section, were associated with a successful VBAC (p-< 0.001, 0.033). In contrast, a birth weight of >3500 g was associated with an increased risk of ERCS. Moreover, a failed TOLAC was associated with a prolonged (>4 days) hospital stay (p-0.012). Our findings suggest that with proper patient selection, TOLAC remains a viable option with better outcomes if successful. However, TOLAC candidates should be evaluated based on the contextual factors of a given setting, hence careful patient selection is recommended to improve outcomes associated with TOLAC.
Effect of Porters Generic Strategies on Firm Performance of Tyre Dealers in Nairobi County, Kenya
Authors: Edmond Imbwaga
Published: April 2024

The study sought to assess the effect of Porter’s generic strategies on firm performance of Tyre dealers within Nairobi County. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The population of the study were tyre dealers in Nairobi County. A sample of 200 tyre dealers was picked through random sampling in Nairobi County. Out of the targeted tyre dealers that were picked through simple random sampling, 108 were responsive indicating a 54% response rate, this large sample ensured the reliability of the responses while the mode of the structure of the questionnaires guaranteed the validity of the data collected. After analysis of the data through correlation and multiple regression, it was deduced that there is a strong effect of Porter’s generic strategies on firm performance, with a strong correlation coefficient of 0.975, 0.928 and 0.976 for cost leadership, differentiation and focus respectively. Multiple regression deduced that 95.2% of firm performance was attributed to cost leadership, differentiation and focus strategies based on the regression model. Based on the regression model cost leadership has a deduced coefficient of 0.84 implying that an increase in a unit of firm performance is due to an increase in 0.84 unit of cost leadership. Differentiation generated a co-efficient of 0.09 implying an increase in one unit of performance due to an increase in 0.09 unit of differentiation Focus strategy deduced a co-efficient of -0.05 implying a reduction of a unit of performance by an increase in practice of focus by 0.05. This overall indicated that cost leadership and differentiation have a positive effect on performance while focus strategy has a negative effect on firm performance.
The Influence of Community Drought Risk Management on Community Development in Tiaty Constituency, Kenya
Authors: OSMAN Abdullahi AHMED , Mwangi Wambui J.
Published: April 2024

Climate change contributed to an increase in the rate of disasters, particularly those with meteorological origins. This study assessed community drought risk management strategies and community development in Tiaty Constituency, Kenya. The objective was to determine the influence of disaster risk reduction programs in promoting community development in the area, grounded in the Environmental Community Development Theory. A mixed-methods research approach was adopted, with a target population of 12,153 people. The sample size comprised 395 respondents selected using stratified sampling techniques. Statistical Analysis Software version 25 was utilized for data analysis. Descriptive statistics were conducted to offer descriptive features of the study variables, with quantitative survey data expressed as mean averages. The study revealed that risk reduction programs focusing on environmental conservation and sustainable practices contributed to the long-term sustainability of communities in Tiaty Constituency. It was found that building community resilience extended beyond disaster management and contributed to overall community development, aimed at achieving sustainable self-reliance. The findings highlighted the significant positive impact of drought risk reduction programs in aiding community development and resilience-building efforts. Based on the comprehensive findings, the study recommended prioritizing and expanding risk reduction programs, with a specific focus on environmental conservation, social cohesion, and community participation in hazard assessment, to inform planning and decision-making processes.