bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gap Analysis on Sustainable Supply Chain Model Derived from EU RED II and Ispo 2015
Authors: Annisa Aninda , Handayati Yuanita
Published: November 2020

Palm oil today is consumed not only for health, cooking, and other daily product but also converted into biodiesel. The EU has included the use of biodiesel as part of their clean energy for transportation and one of its sources is palm oil. However, with the release of the EU RED II, the food and feedstock used for biodiesel are selected more stringent today. The EU requires the food and feedstock sourced for biodiesel to be categorized as low indirect land-use change (ILUC) risk and those categorized as high ILUC-risk shall be gradually phased out to 0% by 2030. This provision applies to Indonesia’s palm oil making the two countries come to file a dispute to the World Trade Organization (WTO). This paper aims to analyze the lacking of Indonesia’s palm oil sustainable cultivation measures that make Indonesia’s palm oil usage in the EU threatened to be phased out to 0% by 2030. With an extensive literature review and analysis of the two law products, this paper is analyzing the gap between the EU regulation and the ISPO certification system. It is found that there are 16 main points of difference highly concentrated on carbon emission calculation mismatch. In the end, this paper is proposing a new SCOR to be implemented in Indonesia palm oil cultivation while adjusting to its condition to ensure the low ILUC-risk and pursue the trade with the EU as the second biggest market for palm oil in the world.
Nutraceuticals and their Nanotechnology-Based Therapeutic Applications in Different Diseases
Authors: Maha Z Rizk  , Hanan Farouk Aly
Published: November 2020

Nanotechnology today is growing very rapidly and has infinite applications in almost everything we do, in the medicine we take, food we eat, chemicals we use, car we drive and much more. Nanoparticles could help make more compelling clinical medicines. The point is to improve regions going from drug conveyance to the discovery of infections. One of the expected advantages of nanoparticles is the chance of creating focused on treatments, so that medications go precisely where they are required in the body Nutraceuticals, up today, today, don't have a particular definition unmistakable from those of other food-inferred classes, for example food supplements, natural items, pre and probiotics, useful nourishments, and so on They have, be that as it may, a pharmacological useful impact on wellbeing. Numerous investigations have been as of late routed to survey their wellbeing, adequacy, and guideline since they are getting developing consideration by market and examination, with the plan to clear the contrast among them and other market accessible food-determined items that guarantee gainful impact on wellbeing. Additionally, nutraceuticals have been widely explored for promoting overall health outcomes and in management of various diseases since they are considered to be neutral. They play a vital role in modifying and maintaining normal body physiological functions. Nonetheless, the bioactive mixes present in nutraceuticals can't accomplish their possible results because of restricted watery solvency prompting helpless bioavailability profile and collaboration with gastro-intestinal liquids. Greater part of traditional items in market are unable to show their therapeutic outcome. Nanotechnology has tremendous potential to revolutionize the nutraceutical market. Recent progress in field of nutraceutical delivery has incorporated nanotechnology to overcome the drawbacks accompanying nutraceuticals. This review focuses on issues associated with nutraceuticals and various nanoscale formulation approaches like liposomes, nano emulsions, nanocrystals, lipid and polymeric nanoparticles to obtain an insight to recent developments in nutraceuticals segment.

Keywords: Nanoparticles; Nutraceutical; Nutraceutical delivery; Dietary supplements
Development of the Use of Performance Information
Authors: Harare Jackson , Kashiwagi Jacob , Kashiwagi Joseph
Published: November 2020

This paper documents the history of the development of performance information [1982-2020], for the delivery of services. It identifies traditional industries as client controlled. In the past, clients utilized a structure of technical professionals who had education, certifications, and experience. Professionals set both policy and structure for their professionalism. The traditional industry does not differentiate between the values of vendors, professionals and stakeholders. This paper identifies that professionals are resistant to using performance information which differentiates. The initial proposal to successfully implement information management was to use automation. However, the industry resisted the automation and the research identified that simplicity and transparency was the only solution. This paper identifies that the Performance Based Studies Research Group’s (PBSRG) success in performance information development was due to a unique design and methodology to research performance information as a disruptive technology. A new methodology called the Information Measurement Theory (IMT) was designed to redefine risk, expertise and information. The major source of validation of the new concepts was joint academic and industry research tests. Three major research tests confirmed that the client creates over 90% of all risk. PBSRG worked with a manufacturing company to design a high-performance roofing program which ended after 16 years due to it being based on client centric concepts. An expert contractor took the lessons learned and maximized the use of performance information with a vendor centric approach.
Impact of Utilizing Expertise to Project Risk and Performance
Authors: Gunnoe Jake , Rivera Alfredo , Feenstra Delbert
Published: November 2020

Organizations have had difficulty in finding good project and risk management techniques that will deliver high performing projects. Research has identified common risks that occur on projects, but previous research has had difficulty coming up with reliable methods to mitigate those risks. However, the Best Value Approach (BVA) has proven to be effective in minimizing risk and increasing project performance. The crux of the BVA is the utilization of experts to minimize project risk. The BVA approach is unique from other project management methodologies which focus on increasing communication, collaboration and decision making. Previous research shows that client stakeholders are the cause of the majority of project risks, while the expert vendors usually do not cause risk on a project. It has been observed that expert vendors are able to minimize client stakeholder risk by transparent planning and tracking. Using case study research, an expert contractor’s project is analyzed to determine the impact of using the BVA project management methodology to minimize project risk. As a result, the contractor did not cause any risk based on time and cost and helped the client minimize their risk. The research identifies eight risk mitigating actions the contractor applied through the BVA. The majority of the risk mitigating actions were performed primarily in the preparation and preplanning phases of the project.
Comparing the Chinese Construction Industry with Other Developing Countries to Identify an Applicable Solution to Low Construction Performance
Authors: Chen Yutian , Chong Oswald
Published: November 2020

The Chinese Construction Industry (CCI) has become one of the largest in the world within the last 20 years. However, due to its rapid growth it has been experiencing issues causing the industry to struggle with delivering high performing projects. Due to the differences between developed and developing countries construction industries, research from other developing countries that were similar to China (Vietnam and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) were used to help identify solutions to improve the CCI. Previous research has identified the major risks in Vietnam and Saudi Arabia. It has also been identified the only solution that has documented evidence that it can improve construction performance is the Best Value Approach that was developed in the United States at Arizona State University. A literature research was performed identifying the major risks and issues that have been documented in the CCI. These risks were then compared to that of the Vietnam and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s construction industry risks. It was identified that the majority of the top risks were similar in all three countries. Identifying that developing countries have been experiencing the same issues. This also identifies that the Best Value Approach might be a solution to help improve the CCI.
Effect of Expertise on Project Complexity
Authors: Kashiwagi Isaac
Published: November 2020

Project complexity has commonly been cited as a major cause of poor project performance (Al-ahmad et al, 2019). Although literature has identified various methods to measure and define project complexity, research insights did not find an explanation of how to reduce project complexity or its effect on project performance. Expertise has been identified as a potential solution; however, little is known about the extent of impact that expertise may have on project complexity. Using a multimethod approach inclusive of literature, survey and interview research we investigate the “effect’ of expertise on project complexity. We analyzed the effect of expertise on 22 unique project complexity factors. Data consists of 97 survey respondents and 15 interview participants. The research led to the following results which should be incorporated into future models: (1) expertise reduces project complexity, (2) experts do not perceive ICT projects as complex while nonexperts perceive ICT projects as complex, and (3) experts’ challenges that relate to project complexity factors correspond to project stakeholders as they ultimately fall outside the control of the expert.
EFFECTS OF SMOKING ON THE DISEASE PROGNOSIS IN CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: Zaridze David , Mukeriya Anush
Published: November 2020

Smoking not only increases the risk of the development of malignant tumors (MT), but affects the disease prognosis, mortality and survivability of cancer patients. The link between the smoking of cancer patients and increased risk of death by all diseases and oncological causes has been established. Mortality increases with the growth of the smoking intensity, i.e. the number of cigarettes, smoked per day. Smoking is associated with the worst general and oncological survivability. The statistically trend-line between the smoking intensity and survivability was observed: each additional unit of cigarette consumption (pack/year) leads to the Overall Survival Reduction by 1% (p = 0.002). The link between smoking and the risk of developing second primary tumors has been confirmed. Smoking increases the likelihood of side effects of the antitumor therapy both drug therapy and radiation therapy and reduces the treatment efficacy. The smoking cessation leads to a significant improvement in the prognosis of a cancer patient. Scientific data on the negative effect of smoking on the prognosis of cancer patients have a major clinical importance. The treatment program for cancer patients should include science-based methods for the smoking cessation. The latter is fundamentally important, taking into account that the smoking frequency among cancer patients is much higher than in the population.
POSSIBILITIES OF USING RUXOLITINIB TO IMPROVE THE RESULTS OF allo-HSCT (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors: Gribkova Irina , Ishmatova I. , Davydovskaya Mariya , Kokushkin K.
Published: November 2020

The aim of the study was to systematize and summarize the current available data on ruxolitinib use in patients with myelofibrosis (MF) prior to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) to improve its results. The review includes data from foreign and domestic articles found in the PubMed and elibrary.ru databases describing the results of the use of ruxolitinib in patients with MF prior to allo-HSCT, including clinical cases, original scientific studies and reviews. It is reported that ruxolitinib therapy is safe, reduces mortality in the early post-transplantation period, reduces the incidence of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease, and decreases the frequency of relapses. Clinical improvement with ruxolitinib therapy prior to allo-HSCT can be considered a prognostically favorable factor.
EXPERIMENTAL MODELS OF RADIATION-INDUCED CYSTITIS IN LABORATORY ANIMALS (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors: Korytov Oleg , Korytova Luiza , Akhtemzyanov Artur , Sokurenko Valentina , Shkolnik Mikhail , Maslyukova Yelizaveta
Published: November 2020

Over the past 20 years, there has been a trend towards an increase in cancer morbidity in most states, in particular in the US and Russia, for a number of localizations, for example, prostate cancer, uterus, rectum and bladder cancer [6]. These localizations require radiation therapy at least as a part of multi-modal approach, or, quite often, as an independent method of treatment. However, frequency of acute radiation cystitis, according to current publications, after irradiation of the pelvis, remains high 5 to 80% for 100 days)/ Frequency of late radiation complications, which can occur from 3 months after the end of radiation therapy up to 20 years ranges from 5 to 50% [1, 2, 4, 5, 8]. There is a need for randomized, controlled trials to determine standards in the treatment of this formidable complication of radiation therapy. Models of radiation-induced cystitis in animals are being developed to study possible ways of treatmentб but they are either not easy to reproduce, do not imitate treatment regimes in humans to full extent, or cause unnecessary suffering to experimental animals [18]. Authors suggested new model of radiation-induced cystitisclosely resembling regimes used in real patients [7].
INTRAOPERATIVE CONTINUOUS NEUROMONITORING OF LARYNGEAL RECCURENT NERVES IN PATIENTS WITH THYROID CANCER
Authors: Makarin Viktor , Uspenskaya Anna , Semenov Arseniy , Timofeeva Natalya , Chernikov Roman , Sleptsov Ilya , Chinchuk Igor , Karelina Yuliya , Novokshonov Konstantin , Fedorov Yelisey , Malyugov Yuriy , Gorskaya N. , Ostanina Yu. , Elcheparova Svetlana , Kuzmichev Aleksandr , Fedotov Yuriy , Bubnov Aleksandr , Sablin Ilya
Published: November 2020

Laryngeal muscles paresis ranks second in prevalence of postoperative complications after thyroid surgery. Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) results in reduction of cases with dysphonia and prevents such severe complication as bilateral paresis. Currently there are two types of monitoring: intermittent and continual. When using intermittent IONM surgeon has no opportunity to control electrophysiology state of RLN during intervals between stimulations. In case of continual IONM date on amplitude and latency are available to surgeon in real time every second, allowing him instantly react to any disturbance of neural transmission to prevent its damage by changing surgical manipulation. This work presents the first experience of using continual neuromonitoring of RLN in Russia, the procedure is described in details its safety. It is represented the possibility of prevention of bilateral laryngeal muscles paresis.
APPLICATION OF THE TARGETED MULTIGENE SEQUENCING FOR THE SEARCH OF HEREDITARY BREAST CANCER MUTATIONS IN RUSSIAN PATIENTS
Authors: Zagorodnev Kirill , Suspitsyn Yevgeniy , Sokolenko Anna , Romanko A. , Anisimova M. , Bizin Ilya , Kuligina Ye. , Imyanitov Yevgeniy
Published: November 2020

Understanding of the molecular-genetic pathogenesis of hereditary cancer syndrome is extremely important for developing of personal therapeutic approaches and for improving the effectiveness of preventive measures. Today, the optimal solution for the search of causative germ-line mutations in hereditary breast cancer (BC) patients is the next-generation sequencing-based multigene mutational screening. The authors have assembled a targeted panel of 31 genes, based on their potential involvement in the cancer susceptibility and taking into account the frequency of pathogenic alleles in the Russian population. It includes the “canonical” genes of hereditary breast cancer (BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1, PALB2, TP53, ATM, NBN), the recently identified “novel” genes (BLM, FANCD2, POLE, FANCM, RAD51C, MRE11A, RECQL, as well as some other genes involved in DNA repair, apoptosis and genome stability maintenance. 94 patients with hereditary BC of unknown genetic etiology were subjected to targeted sequencing. As a result, causative germ-line mutations were identified in 21/94 (22.3%) patients. Importantly, 19 patients harbored rare non-founder BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. In the remaining two cases, the functions of the ATM (p.Glu73fs) and POLE (p.Leu1171fs) genes were disrupted. The obtained data are of evident clinical importance; they argue for the expanding of diagnostic panels for monitoring at-risk individuals and for moving the standards of routine clinical diagnostics towards the targeted next-generation sequencing of multigene panels.
INTERACTION BETWEEN POLYMORPHIC VARIANTS IN ТP53, XRCC1, TNFH, HMMR, MDM2,PALB2 GENES AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONTO THE FORMATION OF A PREDISPOSITION TO BREAST CANCER IN WOMEN OF THE KYRGYZ POPULATION
Authors: Isakova Zhaynagul , Kipen Vyacheslav , Talaybekova Elnura , Aytbaev Kubanych , Aldasheva N. , Makieva Kyyal , Semetey Kyzy , Bukuev N. , Tilekov Ernis , Shaimbetov B. , Kudaybergenova Indira
Published: November 2020

Aim: We studied the intergenic interactions and the contribution of polymorphic loci p.Arg72Pro (gene TP53), p.Gln399Arg (gene XRCC1), p.Arg194Trp (gene XRCC1), g.4682G>A (gene TNFa), p.Val353Ala (gene HMMR), p.14+309T>G (gene MDM2), g.38444T>G (gene PALB2) in the formation of predisposition to breast cancer (ВС) in women of Kyrgyz nationality.
Material and method: The study included 103 women of the Kyrgyz ethnic group with the morphologically verified diagnosis of BC and 102 women without cancer and chronic diseases. Genotyping of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was performed using PCR-RFLP. Analysis of the intergenic interactions conducted with MDR 3.0.2 software.
Results: Heterozygous genotype Gln/Arg of gene XRCC1 (ОR=3,15; 95% CI 1,78-5,58), the combination of Arg/Gln // Arg/Pro of genes XRCC1 (p.Gln399Arg) / TP53 (p.Arg72Pro) (OR=3,21; 95% CI 1,21-8,47), Arg/Gln // T/T of genes XRCC1 (p.Gln399Arg) / MDM2 (o.14+309T>G) (OR=3,18; 95% CI 0,99-10,7), Arg/Gln // G/G and Arg/Gln // G/A of genes XRCC1 (p.Gln399Arg) / TNFa (g.4682G>A) (OR=3,84; 95% CI 1,847,90) and (OR=3,91 95% CI 1,29-8,51 respectively), Arg/Gln // T/T of genes XRCC1 (p.Gln399Arg) / PALB2 (p.Thr1100=) (OR=2,92; 95% CI 1,59-5,37), as well as Arg/Gln // Arg/Arg and Arg/Gln // Arg/Trp for polymorphic loci p.Gln399Arg and p.Arg194Trp of gene XRCC1 (OR=2,48; 95% CI 1,12-5,19 and 0R=2,90, 95% CI 1,04-8,12 respectively) were associated with BC in Kyrgyz women.
Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that combinations of variants of ТP53, XRCC1, TNFa, HMMR, MDM2 и PALB2 genes may contribute to the genetic susceptibility of BC in Kyrgyz women.
THE PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF BRCA1 GENE EXPRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER
Authors: Tsyganov Matvey , Ibragimova Marina , Deryusheva I. , Garbukov Yevgeniy , Kazantseva Polina , Pevzner Alina , Slonimskaya Yelena , Litvyakov Nikolay
Published: November 2020

Nowadays, BRCA-associated breast cancer occupies a special position in the choice of treatment strategy. Although, the drug treatment of such patients was almost the same as the treatment of sporadic disease. Of particular interest is the assessment of the deficit of homologous recombination, which may include various dysfunctions of the BRCA1 gene. Moreover, it has been shown that a decrease in the functional activity of BRCA1 is reflected in the sensitivity of the tumor to DNA damaging agents, and the prognosis of the disease becomes more favorable.
Aim: assessment of the association of BRCA1 gene expression in a breast tumor with the prognosis of the disease.
Materials and methods. The study included 111 patients with breast cancer T1-4N0-3M0 (stage IIA - IIIB), with a morphologically verified diagnosis. Initial and postoperative expression of BRCA1 in tumor material was evaluated. RNA was isolated from the tumor material before treatment and after NAC. The level of BRCA1 expression was assessed using reverse transcriptase quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR).
Results. As a result of the study, long-term results of treatment of patients were evaluated depending on the level of BRCA1 gene expression. The presence of BRCA1 hypoexpression (level less than 1) in tumor tissue after NAC was found to be a favorable prognostic factor and is associated with high rates of metastasis-free survival (p=0.0002). In addition, a similar result is shown for patients treated with the FAC NAC regimen (p=0.005). An interesting result was demonstrated for 8 patients who underwent chemotherapy with the inclusion of platinum drugs. All patients had a low postoperative expression level of BRCA1 and 100% non-metastatic and overall survival.
Conclusion. Thus, the data obtained indicate the prognostic significance of BRCA1 gene expression in a breast tumor after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
EFFECT OF RADIATION THERAPY ON BREAST IMMEDIATE RECONSTRUCTION IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: Zikiryakhodzhaev Aziz , Shirokikh Irina , Ablitsova Natalya , Yermoshchenkova Mariya , Khakimova Shakhnoz , Khakimova Gulnoz , Tukmakov Artur
Published: November 2020

The surgical stage remains the main one in the combined and complex treatment of breast cancer, and radical mastectomy is still the main option for surgical treatment of vast majority of Russians hospitals. The absence of the breast is both a physical and psychological trauma for a woman and leads to a profound deformation of the personality, significantly worsening the quality of life. Thus, reconstructive plastic surgery of the breast became an integral part of modern clinical oncology. Radiation therapy can lead to the development of complications after breast reconstruction, and vice versa, the reconstructed mammary gland can cause technical difficulties for the radiologist to properly adjust the required dose of irradiation. Thus, the surgeon and radiologist faced the task of choosing the optimal sequence of reconstruction and reducing the risk of complications in the postoperative period after radiotherapy for endoprothesis without affecting to the oncologic or cosmetic results of the reconstructed gland.
COMBINED TREATMENT OF LOCALLY ADVANCED NONSMALL CELL LUNG CANCER AND MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF CHEMORESISTANCE
Authors: Miller Sergey , Rodionov Yevgeniy , Tuzikov Sergey , Yefteev Leonid , Yumov Yevgeniy , Tsyganov Matvey , Litvyakov Nikolay , Frolova Irina , Cherdyntseva Nadezhda , Velichko Svetlana , Goldberg Aleksey
Published: November 2020

We analyzed the results of treatment of 68 patients with NSCLC stage III, of which the main group included 36 patients with perioperative chemotherapy vinorelbin / carboplatin. The control group included 32 patients who underwent only surgical treatment. The correlation of monoresistance and multidrug resistance (MDR) genes expression with clinical and morphological parameters of tumor process and with the frequency of distant metastasis was studied. Results. The three - year relapse-free and overall survival in the study group was 60.0±13.8% and 80.0±8.5 %, in the control group-35.7±25.4% and 50.0±18.9%, respectively. The relationship between the expression genes of the studied MDR genes and monoresistance with the main clinical and morphological parameters of patients and the frequency of metastasis was established. Conclusion. The results of the study show a higher efficiency of combined treatment of NSCLC due to a significant reduction in the number of long-term metastases and local recurrences and, accordingly, improved overall and relapse-free survival. Monoresistance anMDR genes play an important role in NSCLC chemoresistance, so the study of the expression level of these genes is important for the planning of personalized treatment.
DIAGNOSIS OF TUBERCULOUS PLEURISY IN PATIENTS WITH ONCOLOGICAL DISEASES
Authors: Stogova Natalya
Published: November 2020

The analysis of the effectiveness of a set of measures for the differential diagnosis of tuberculosis and tumor etiology of pleural effusion in patients with cancer. It was established that out of 1934 patients with pleural effusion, having malignant tumors of different localization, pleural etiology was diagnosed in 23 (1.2%). Insufficient efficiency of etiological diagnostics of pleural effusion in the conditions of institutions of the General medical network is revealed. The average period from the onset of clinical manifestations of tuberculous pleurisy to admission of patients to the hospital TB dispensary was 55.83 ± 8.46 days. In 10 (43.5%) patients tuberculous pleurisy was combined with active pulmonary tuberculosis, in 8 (34.8%) -Mycobacterium tuberculosis was found in sputum. The use of a complex of microbiological methods for the study of sputum, pleural exudate and ascitic fluid in an anti-tuberculosis facility in combination with a puncture biopsy of the pleura made it possible to verify the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy in 21 (91.30%) patients, in 2 (8.70%) patients the diagnosis was established on the basis of clinical, radiological and epidemiological data. Early diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy in cancer patients can ensure the timely implementation of preventive, anti-epidemic and therapeutic measures.
OPPORTUNITIES IN DIAGNOSTICS OF PANCREATIC METASTATIC TUMORS BY CYTOLOGICAL METHOD
Authors: Mikhetko Andrey , Ivko Olga , Petrik Sergey , Tkachenko O. , Grinkevich M. , Sidorova A. , Petrik Yu. , Shalina Yekaterina , Mikhetko Andrey
Published: November 2020

Our study includes results of 152 pancreatic fine needle aspirations of solid and cystic tumors, from 149 patients of the N.N. Petrov Cancer Research Center for the 3-year period (2016 - 2018). Representative cell material for morphological studies was obtained in 97.4% of cases. The results of cytological examination of 111 patients with pancreatic tumors were compared with histological data. The effectiveness of cytological examination was 96.1%, sensitivity - 95.6%, specificity -100%. Metastatic lesions were presented in 9% (9 patients). In 9 diagnostically proven cases, the cytological result was correct 8 times. Cytological examination with immunocytochemistry is a valid and accurate diagnostic procedure for the evaluation of pancreatic tumors including metastatic lesions.
ENDOMETRIAL CANCER IN PATIENTS OLDER THAN 70 YEARS: CLINICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND LONGTERM RESULTS
Authors: Gavrish Yuliya , Artemeva Anna , Trifanov Yu. , Nyuganen A. , Sidoruk Anna , Baltrukova A. , Ulrikh Yelena , Berlev I. , Urmancheeva Adiliya
Published: November 2020

On the basis of the Department of Oncogynecology together with the pathoanatomical department of the N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology conducted a comparative assessment of age-related features of endometrial cancer. The study included 309 patients, which were divided into two groups: group 1 - from 50 to 69 years (n = 150), group 2 - 70 years and older (n = 159). The article presents a comparative assessment of treatment, morphological characteristics of the tumor and the prevalence of the tumor process in two age groups, as well as the long-term results of treatment.
PREDICTORS OF CHEMORESISTANCE TO PLATINUM-CONTAINING NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY IN ADVANCED OVARIAN CANCER
Authors: Dolgova Dinara , Gening Snezhanna , Abakumova Tatyana , Antoneeva Inna , Gening Tatyana , Fedotova Antonina
Published: November 2020

Chemoresistance is one of the main causes of treatment failure in advanced ovarian cancer (OC). In order to identify predictors of chemoresistance, 30 patients with ascitic form of OC, who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) according to AP regimen, were examined. In the epithelial cells of ascites and in tumor tissue after NACT, expression of the VEGFa, ABCB1 and ERCC1 genes was assessed by PCR-RT. The effectiveness of NACT was assessed using the criteria of therapeutic pathomorphosis, survival - using the Kaplan-Meier criterion, the relationship of clinical and molecular parameters - using the Mann-Whitney criterion. Results. We established that in 43% of patients the response to NACT was absent (CRS1), the significant response (CRS2) was in 35% of cases, and the complete response (CRS3) was in 21% of cases. VEGFa expression was increased in ascites in 17% of cases, in tumor tissue - in 33% in the CRS1 group. In groups with CRS 2,3, overexpression of VEGFa in ascites was detected in 25% of cases, in tumor tissue in 37.5%. ABCB1 mRNA expression was increased after NACT in 50% of cases in the CRS1 group and in 25% of cases in the CRS 2,3 group. Thus, platinum-based NACT initiates an increase in the expression of VEGFa and ABCB1 in tumor tissue. We established that in case of high expression (ERCC + / VEGF + / ABCB1 +) in ascites, there is a statistically significant increase in relapse-free survival compared with the group with low or absent expression (p = 0.012). The overall survival rate was 41.8 months in patients with overexpression of the studied genes in the tissue of the primary tumor after NACT and 25.3 months in patients with low expression (p = 0.058). Conclusion. The levels of ERCC1, VEGFa and ABCB1 mRNA in ascitic cells before NACT and in the primary tumor after NACT according to the AP scheme can serve as a predictor of the effectiveness of this treatment in ascitic OC.
ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY OF ANTI-INTEGRIN PROTEIN SAV-RGD ON XENOGRAFTED HUMAN SKIN MELANOMA WITH INTEGRIN AVG3 EXPRESSION
Authors: Treshchalina Yelena , Andronova Natalya , Smirnova Galina , Sholokhova Yelena , Tupitsyn Nikolay , Borisova Yuliya , Mikhaylova Irina , Sitdikova Suriya , Kiselevskiy Mikhail
Published: November 2020

Anti-integrins are considered as potential anticancer agents capable of inhibiting differentiation and proliferation of various malignant cells, including disseminated melanoma. The possibility of including anti-integrins with different RGD-motives in combined therapy schedules is discussed. We have studied the oridinal recombinant lyophilized protein SAV-RGD (lyo-SAV-RGD), specifically binding to melanoma cells by means of the Tripeptide Arg-Gly-Asp. As models of melanoma of the skin selected amalonaticus MeWo/mel- and pigmented melCher/mel+ with prospectively certain expression of the marker, giving subcutaneous xenograft in mice Balb/c nude. Objective: to evaluate the antitumor activity of lyo-SAV-RGD in vivo on human skin melanoma models melCher and MeWo with different melanogenesis ability and integrin avB3 expression. Both melanomas in vitro were shown to express integrin avB3 detected in melCher/mel+ cells with fluorescent-labeled rat antibodies Luc.H11 according to the expression component integrins avp3, p3-chain (CD61), and MeWo cells/mel- antibodies 23С6. In a high therapeutic total dose of 900 mg/kg, lyo-SAV-RGD inhibited growth of both melanomas in vivo with satisfactory tolerability. Compared to melCher/mel+, MeWo/mel-: T/Cmin=30% (p<0.05) versus T/ Cmin=50% (p=0.001) was more sensitive to treatment. The effect on melCher/mel+ was obtained only in the exponential phase of tumor growth. The results obtained allow us to consider it expedient to conduct an in-depth preclinical study of anti-integrin SAV-RGD, focused on the most aggressive disseminated amelanotic melanoma of the skin, regardless of the nature of blocking receptor expression.
POSSIBILITY OF ORALLY ADMINISTERED L-LYSINE-A-OXIDASE INTERNALIZATION IN THE MODEL OF ISOLATED CUT OF RAT SMALL INTESTINE
Authors: Babaeva Gulalek , Lukasheva Yelena , Cherkasova Zhanneta , Treshchalina Yelena , Andronova Natalya , Fedchikov G. , Tsurkan Sergey , Arinbasarova Anna , Medentsev Aleksandr
Published: November 2020

Enzyme L-lysine а-oxidase (LO) exhibits significant antitumor effects by parenteral administration and is promising for clinical trials, particularly in the case of colorectal cancer. The fungi Trichoderma cf.aureoviride Rifai VKM F-4268D is a source of LO. Since there is evidence in the literature of oral use of proteins for therapeutic purposes, it seemed promising to investigate the possibility of such administration route for LO. The goal of the work was to determine the ability of LO to be internalized by the rat small intestine. LO was labeled by Ac-ridinium (LO-Acridinium). Experiments were performed on the rat model using isolated inverted segments of small intestine. The inverted segments were immersed into incubation medium, containing LO-Acridinium. After 30 minutes the samples were taken from the incubation medium and from the intestine segments and relative luminescence was determined by standard flash luminescence method. The amount of absorbed LO-Ac-ridinium was estimated to be 11% for the entire length of the small rat intestine. Based on the optimal total parenteral dose of 400 U/kg for mice the total dose when administered orally was estimated as 4000 U/kg. The absorption of LO through the wall of the rat small intestine was quantitatively characterized, the possibility of its oral administration was proved, and the oral therapeutic dose for mice was estimated.
Plaučių arterijos trombinės embolijos diagnostika
Authors: Miliauskas Skaidrius , Žemaitis Marius
Published: November 2020

Straipsnyje pateikiama literatūros apžvalga apie plaučių arterijos trombinės embolijos diagnostiką.
Plaučių tuberkuliozės ambulatorinio gydymo problemos ir sprendimai
Authors: Manukian Stanislava
Published: November 2020

Tuberkuliozė – visuomenei pavojinga liga, todėl ją būtina kontroliuoti. Efektyviausias TB kontrolės metodas yra PSO rekomenduota tiesiogiai kontroliuojamo standartizuoto gydymo strategija (DOTS). Lietuvoje DOTS pradėta įgyvendinti 1998 metais ir dabar pagal šią strategiją dirba visa šalis. Žinant, kad tuberkuliozės išgydymas yra geriausia profilaktika, pagrindinis programos tikslas – nepertraukiamu, kontroliuojamu, standartiniu gydymu išgydyti daugiau kaip 85 proc. sergančiųjų atvirąja plaučių tuberkulioze (TB). Nepertraukiamą gydymą padeda užtikrinti socialinė parama, ligonio ir jo šeimos narių mokymas. Svarbus vaidmuo kontroliuojant ambulatorinį sergančiųjų TB gydymą teks bendruomenės ir pirminės sveikatos priežiūros įstaigų bendrosios praktikos slaugytojams.
Gegužės 4-­oji – Pasaulinė astmos diena
Authors: Kudzytė Jolanta , Dobrova Natalija
Published: November 2020

Gegužės 4-ąją Pasaulinė astmos diena pažymima tarptautiniu kasmetiniu renginiu, skirtu gerinti žinias apie astmą ir skatinti geresnę astmos kontrolę. Šių metų šūkis – „Jūs galite kontroliuoti savo astmą“. Astma yra viena dažniausių lėtinių ligų pasaulyje, kuria serga maždaug 300 mln. žmonių (apie 4,4 proc. populiacijos). Apskaičiuota, kad 2025 metais sergančiųjų astma gali būti 400 mln. Iš 250 mirčių pasaulyje vieną lemia astma. Daugumos jų būtų galima išvengti, nes mirties priežastys yra nepakankamas gydymas ir pavėluota pagalba ištikus priepuoliui. GINA yra partnerė Pasaulio sveikatos organizacijos (PSO) organizuoto judėjimo GARD (santalka prieš lėtines kvėpavimo takų ligas) geresnei astma sergančių pacientų priežiūrai užtikrinti. Tyrimai rodo, kad 50 proc. vaikų ir suaugusiųjų nevartoja vaistų nuo astmos taip, kaip nurodo gydytojas. Paaugliai dažnai nesilaiko gydymo režimo ar visiškai nutraukia gydymą. Monoterapija ilgai veikiančiais beta 2 agonistais padidina nepageidaujamų astmos baigčių dažnumą.
Eozinofilinis ezofagitas
Authors: Bubnaitienė Vilija
Published: November 2020

Eozinofilinis ezofagitas (EE) vis dažniau diagnozuojamas tiek vaikams, tiek suaugusiesiems. Šiame apžvalginiame straipsnyje apibendrinama išplėstinės PubMed/Medline paieškos (1977–2009) metu rasta informacija apie EE – epidemiologija, patofiziologija, klinikinė išraiška, diagnostiniai kriterijai, gydymas ir prognozė. Tikslus EE paplitimas pa-saulyje nežinomas, tačiau naujausi tyrimai rodo, kad EE paplitimas yra apie 2,5 atv. 10 tūkst. suaugusiųjų ir apie 4,3 atv. 10 tūkst. vaikų. EE diagnozė paremta tiek klinikiniais simptomais, tiek patologiniais radiniais stemplės biopsinėje medžiagoje. EE dažniausiai pasireiškia gastroezofaginio refliukso ligos ir/arba stemplės disfunkcijos simptomais; būdinga tai, kad stemplės gleivinės bioptate randama ≥ 15 eozinofilų smarkiai padidintame lauke. Kol kas standartizuotų EE gydymo protokolų nėra. Gali būti taikomi įvairūs EE gydymo būdai, įskaitant dietą, sisteminio ar vietinio poveikio gliukokortikoidus, imunomoduliuojamąjį gydymą ir endoskopinę stemplės dilataciją. Gydymo būdo pasirinkimas labai priklauso nuo paciento amžiaus bei ligos stadijos, dažnai derinami keli EE gydymo būdai. Daliai kūdikių ir mažų vaikų, kuriems EE sukėlė maisto alergenai, daugiausia pieno baltymas, galima visiška remisija, išsivysčius pripratimui prie priežastinio maisto alergeno. Deja, dažniausiai EE eiga lėtinė, pasikartojanti.
Ko galima tikėtis pradėjus gydyti tiotropiu ankstyvos stadijos lėtinę obstrukcinę plaučių ligą
Authors: Malakauskas Kęstutis
Published: November 2020

Lėtinės obstrukcinės plaučių ligos (LOPL) medikamentinio gydymo veiksmingumas yra gerai ištirtas, tačiau duomenų apie ankstyvųjų stadijų LOPL gydymą stokojama. Nustatyta, kad tiotropis sergantiesiems vidutinio sunkumo LOPL lėtina plaučių funkcijos blogėjimo greitį. Tiotropio skyrimas asmenims, prieš tai nuolat nevartojusiems vaistų nuo LOPL, lemia akivaizdžiai palankų poveikį klinikinei ligos eigai. Tai leidžia teigti, kad gydyti turi būti pradėta jau ankstyvos stadijos LOPL.
Vaikų astmos gydymas inhaliuojamaisiais gliukokortikoidais
Authors: Misevičienė Valdonė
Published: November 2020

Straipsnyje supažindinama su naujausiu požiūriu į vaikų astmos gydymą inhaliuojamaisiais gliukokortikoidais (IG) atsižvelgiant į naujausių tyrimų rezultatus ir GINA 2009 metų sutarimą. Daugiausia dėmesio skiriama gydymo IG saugumui, individualumui, intensyvumui ir trukmei.
Venų tromboembolijos patogenezė ir prognozė
Authors: Miliauskas Skaidrius , Pilkauskaitė Guoda , Žemaitis Marius
Published: November 2020

Straipsnyje apžvelgiami klinikinėje praktikoje svarbūs venų tromboembolijos patogenezės ir prognozės aspektai.
Vėžinio pleurito gydymas
Authors: Malakauskas Kęstutis
Published: November 2020

Pacientams, sergantiems įvairios lokalizacijos piktybiniais navikais, gali pasireikšti vėžinis pleuritas. Išgyvenimo mediana po vėžinio pleurito diagnozės nustatymo yra 4 mėnesiai. Krūties, plaučių, virškinamojo trakto, kiaušidžių navikai, limfoma – dažniausios piktybinės ligos, pasireiškiančios ir vėžiniu pleuritu. Vėžinio pleurito gydymas tebėra paliatyvus – jo apimtis ir metodas priklauso nuo paciento būklės, ligos prognozės, skysčio pleuroje kaupimosi greičio, gydytojų patirties bei gydymo metodų (kaip antai: toracentezės, protarpinio drenavimo ilgalaikiu pleuros kateteriu, pleurodezės, torkoskopijos, pleuroperitoninio nuosrūvio) prieinamumo.
Dažniausios vaistų sukeliamos alerginės reakcijos
Authors: Budrytė Brigita , Šitkauskienė Brigita
Published: November 2020

Alergija vaistams, kitaip padidėjusio jautrumo reakcijos, sudaro maždaug 15 proc. visų šalutinių vaistų reakcijų. Dažniausiai jas sukelia antibiotikai, nesteroidiniai vaistai nuo uždegimo (NVNU), anestezijai vartojami vaistai, angiotenziną konvertuojančio fermento inhibitoriai (AKFI), beta adrenoblokatoriai, dekstranai, želatinos tirpalai, insulinas, heparinas, antiretrovirusiniai preparatai, jodo kontrastiniai preparatai. Alergiją vaistams gali skatinti tam tikri rizikos veiksniai: genetiniai, paciento amžius, lytis, organizmo imuniteto būklė, vaisto dozė, vartojimo būdas. Alergija vaistams pasireiškia įvairiai, gali būti pažeistos įvairios organizmo sistemos: oda, plaučiai, kepenys, inkstai, širdis ir kt. Dažniausiai alergija vaistams pasireiškia odos pažeidimu, kurio sunkiausia išraiška Stevens-Johnson, Lyell sindromai. Alergija vaistams gali pasireikšti ir sisteminėmis organizmo reakcijomis: anafilaksiniu šoku, padidėjusio jautrumo sindromu (DRESS sindromas, angl. drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms), į seruminę ligą panašiomis reakcijomis (SSLR, angl. Serum sickness-like reactions).
Alergija antibakteriniams vaistams
Authors: Leišytė Palmira
Published: November 2020

Straipsnyje aptarti alergijos betalaktaminiams antibiotikams diagnostikos bendrieji principai. Atkreiptas dėmesys į alerginių reakcijų antibiotikams klasifikaciją (greitąsias ir negreitąsias reakcijas), padedančią pasirinkti diagnostinius tyrimus, įvertinti kryžmiškumo dažnumą. Greitosios ir negreitosios alerginės reakcijos antibiotikams skiriasi imuniniais mechanizmais, klinikiniais požymiais, diagnostika, prognoze.
Alergijos jodo turintiems radiokontrastiniams tirpalams diagnostikos, gydymo ir profilaktikos principai
Authors: Staikūnienė Jūratė
Published: November 2020

Padaugėjus diagnostinių procedūrų, kurių metu reikalingi jodo turintys radiokontrastiniai tirpalai (RKT), dažniau įvyksta ir šių preparatų sukeltų nepageidaujamų reakcijų, dalį kurių lemia padidėjęs jautrumas (alergija). Visi RKT gali sukelti greitąją alerginę ir nealerginę anafilaksiją, rečiau lėtąją alerginę reakciją, kuri visada pasireiškia odoje. Tikimybė, kad greitojo tipo reakcija pasikartos kito tyrimo su RKT metu yra 21–60 proc. Taigi, jei reikia pakartotinai atlikti diagnostinę ar gydomąją procedūrą su RKT, išsiaiškinus buvusių reakcijų pobūdį, reikia pasirinkti kitą nejoninį mažo osmosiškumo tirpalą ir taikyti premedikaciją. Vis dėlto premedikacija gliukokortikoidais ir antihistamininiais vaistais neapsaugo nuo anafilaksijos, tik sumažina reakcijos sunkumą, dėl to gydytojui svarbu atpažinti alerginės reakcijos požymius ir nedelsiant juos gydyti.
Vaikų alergijos vaistams ypatumai
Authors: Kudzytė Jolanta
Published: November 2020

Tikslus vaikų alergijos vaistams paplitimas nėra žinomas, nes nepakanka populiacinių tyrimų. Tėvai labai dažnai nurodo vaiko alergiją vaistams, tačiau tyrimais tai įrodyti pavyksta retai. Iš 10–15 proc. atvejų, kai pacientai ar jų tėvų teigia esant alergiją vaistams, tyrimais hospitalizavus ji patvirtinama tik 1–3 proc. atvejų. Alerginių reakcijų rizikos veiksniai yra pacientų amžius, gretutinės ligos, vaistų klasė, vaisto vartojimo trukmė, būdas, kartotinis vartojimas, kartu vartojami kiti vaistai.
Ekstrakorporinė fotoferezė
Authors: Gasiūnienė Edita , Šitkauskienė Brigita
Published: November 2020

Ekstrakorporinės fotoferezės (EKF) procedūra praktikoje pradėta taikyti daugiau nei prieš 20 metų gydant odos T ląstelių limfomą. EKF – tai leukoferezės pagrindu veikianti sistema, kuria leukocitai atskiriami nuo raudonųjų kraujo kūnelių bei plazmos, paveikiami 8 metoksipsoraleno, vėliau apšvitinami ultravioletiniais A spinduliais ir grąžinami į kraujotaką. EKF yra pirmos eilės procedūra gydant odos T ląstelių limfomą (mycosis fungoides bei Sezary sindromą). Taikant EKF procedūras gauta gerų rezultatų gydant šeimininko prieš transplantatą ligą, širdies bei plaučių transplantatų atmetimo reakcijas, Krono ligą. EKF yra gerai toleruojama, mažai šalutinių reakcijų sukelianti procedūra.
LOPL gydymo naujovė – anksti pradėjus gydyti galima pristabdyti sunkią ligą
Authors: Sakalauskas Raimundas
Published: November 2020

Šiuolaikinių vaistų efektyvumas gydant lėtinę obstrukcinę plaučių ligą (LOPL) įrodytas daugeliu klinikinių tyrimų. Tiesa, daugiausiai duomenų sukaupta apie kliniškai ryškios, tai yra vėlesnių stadijų, LOPL gydymą.
Techno-Efficiency Analysis of Zakat Institutions in Indonesia
Authors: Atiya Nikmatul , Widiastuti Tika , Cahyono Eko Fajar , Zulaikha Siti , Mawardi Imron
Published: November 2020

Zakat institutions play an important role in managing zakat effectively and efficiently as described in Law no. 23 of year 2011. This study aims to analyze the efficiency of zakat institutions in Indonesia and determine the best ranking of the units observed. This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach with the Super Efficiency Analysis technique Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The study objects are BAZNAS, Rumah Zakat, Dompet Dhuafa, and YBM PLN with the 2016-2018 observation period. Personnel costs, operational costs and socialization costs are input variables. While the output variables used are the amount of zakat collection and the amount of zakat distribution. The results of super-efficiency measurement show that the 3 best DMU rankings were achieved by YBM PLN 2016, BAZNAS 2018 and BAZNAS 2017. While the other 9 DMUs were inefficient. Inefficiency is due to the not optimal amount of zakat collected and distributed and the high use of socialization costs. The variable of the amount of zakat collected is the most sensitive variable to the value of efficiency. To achieve performance efficiency, technology can be utilized to improve input and output. This research can be used as an evaluation material for zakat institutions to optimize efficiency.
Analysis of the Recipients of Zakat and the Current Situation
Authors: Nasir Muhammad Suleman , Rahman Fida Ur
Published: November 2020

The second most important pillar of Islam after prayers is Zakat. In the Qur'an, the command of obligatory prayers and zakat has been mentioned together in (82) places. Zakat is the backbone of the Islamic economic system. The philosophy behind the ruling on the payment of Zakat is that the Islamic government should provide the whole society with such an economic system, way of life and social structure in which the needs of the needy people of the society can be met. Islam has made it the duty of every rich Muslim to withdraw one and a half per cent of his accumulated wealth on an annual basis and deposit it collectively in the government treasury. Government has to spend the money of Zakat on meeting the needs of the poor, needy and impoverished people of the society. This is only the right of those deserving whose details have been explicitly stated in the books of Qur'an, Hadith and Fiqh. Zakat is the right of human beings, on the one hand, and on the other hand, it is also the right of Allah. Due to its non-payment, on the one hand, the right of human beings is denied and on the other hand, the right of Allah Almighty is denied. Therefore, it is very important to deliver the amount of Zakat to its rightful owners. The Qur'an mentions eight uses of zakat. It is an important issue in the present times to bring Zakat to its actual recipients. This article examines the recipients of Zakat and the current situation and how these recipients can be made appropriate in a proper manner.
The Zakat & Technology
Authors: Nailah Nailah , Rusydiana Aam Slamet
Published: November 2020

This study aims to determine the development and trend map of the Zakat and Technology outbreak research that is published by reputable journals in the theme of Islamic economics and finance. The data analyzed were more than 440 publications of indexed research publications. The export data is then processed and analyzed using the R Biblioshiny application program to find out the bibliometric map of the development of the role of Islamic economics and finance in zakat and technology research. The results showed that the number of publications on the development of the role of Islamic economics and finance research experienced a significant increase. The results show that the highest number of document types are journaled articles. The most popular authors are Kuran T, and the most popular keyword topics are zakat, Islamic, and Indonesia.