bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Cultural Politics of Food: Rice as an Anti-Globalization Project
Authors: Lii Ding-Tzann
Published: August 2017

This article discusses the ways in which Taiwanese utilized rice as a cultural symbol in anti-globalization movements. Analyzing the period from 1960 to 2015, it distinguishes among three phases: the internationalization phase (1960–83); the globalization phase (1984–2003); and the anti-globalization phase (2004–15). There are two main focuses of concern. First, have Taiwanese dietary habits, represented by rice, their main staple food, changed as a result of cultural encounters created by processes of internationalization, globalization, and anti-globalization? Second, what are the unique characteristics of Taiwan's anti-globalization movements in the context of food justice movements around the world? My research results indicate that Taiwan's anti-globalization campaigns are unique because of their development through large-scale organized social movements and their prominent use of symbolism and performance arts, leading to the birth of far-reaching public discourses and public values. However, possibly as a result of historical factors, discourse about issues of social justice and equality is relatively absent from local food network initiatives in Taiwan.
Adult-onset hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia in clinical practice: diagnosis, aetiology and management
Authors: Challis Benjamin G , Powlson Andrew S , Casey Ruth T , Pearson Carla , Lam Brian Y , Ma Marcella , Pitfield Deborah , Yeo Giles S H , Godfrey Edmund , Cheow Heok K , Chatterjee V Krishna , Carroll Nicholas R , Shaw Ashley , Buscombe John R , Simpson Helen L
Published: August 2017

Objective

In adults with hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (HH), in particular those with insulinoma, the optimal diagnostic and management strategies remain uncertain. Here, we sought to characterise the biochemical and radiological assessment, and clinical management of adults with HH at a tertiary centre over a thirteen-year period.

Design

Clinical, biochemical, radiological and histological data were reviewed from all confirmed cases of adult-onset hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia at our centre between 2003 and 2016. In a subset of patients with stage I insulinoma, whole-exome sequencing of tumour DNA was performed.

Results

Twenty-nine patients were identified (27 insulinoma, including 6 subjects with metastatic disease; 1 pro-insulin/GLP-1 co-secreting tumour; 1 activating glucokinase mutation). In all cases, hypoglycaemia (glucose ≤2.2 mmol/L) was achieved within 48 h of a supervised fast. At fast termination, subjects with stage IV insulinoma had significantly higher insulin, C-peptide and pro-insulin compared to those with insulinoma staged I–IIIB. Preoperative localisation of insulinoma was most successfully achieved with EUS. In two patients with inoperable, metastatic insulinoma, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with 177Lu-DOTATATE rapidly restored euglycaemia and lowered fasting insulin. Finally, in a subset of stage I insulinoma, whole-exome sequencing of tumour DNA identified the pathogenic Ying Yang-1 (YY1) somatic mutation (c.C1115G/p.T372R) in one tumour, with all tumours exhibiting a low somatic mutation burden.

Conclusion

Our study highlights, in particular, the utility of the 48-h fast in the diagnosis of insulinoma, EUS for tumour localisation and the value of PRRT therapy in the treatment of metastatic disease.
Seguimos avanzando
Authors: Mattos-Vela Manuel Antonio , Cuadrao Zavaleta Luis
Published: August 2017

¿Cómo inspirarnos y motivarnos para el trabajo que realizamos? Abrazando una visión. Teniendo claro dónde queremos llegar.

La Revista de Odontología Sanmarquina (ROS) tiene ya varias décadas de existencia con la misión de difundir conocimiento científico de calidad en el campo de la odontología, a la profesión y a la sociedad. Desde el mes de abril de este año, la revista cuenta con un nuevo Equipo Editor, que toma la posta de la gestión del proceso editorial.
Persistence versus extinction for two competing species under a climate change
Authors: Zhang Zewei , Wang Wendi , Yang Jiangtao
Published: August 2017

This paper considers effects of a climate-induced range shift on outcomes of two competitive species, which is modeled by a reaction–diffusion system with the increasing growth rates of species along a shifting habitat gradient. Analytical conditions are established for the coexistence or competitive exclusion of two-competitors under the climate change, which present the control strategies to maintain the persistence of species.
Modeling and prescribed H-infinity tracking control for strict feedback nonlinear systems
Authors: Gao Chuang , Jia Yufu , Liu Xiaoping , Chen Ming
Published: August 2017

By utilizing backstepping technique, an H∞ robust controller with improved prescribed performance and dynamic surface control is designed for a class of strict feedback nonlinear systems. The transient and steady state performance for the tracking errors of nonlinear system can be guaranteed by using improved prescribed performance constraint. The dynamic surface control is used to overcome the differential explosion problem in the backstepping procedure. The impacts of uncertainties in the system are attenuated by H∞control. The performance and stability analysis proves that the controller design procedure is simple with low complexity and robustness. Finally, the simulation results verify the effectiveness of the controller. By comparing with the existing method, the proposed method has a faster convergence speed and better steady state performance, and also the controller design process is simpler.
Group analysis, nonlinear self-adjointness, conservation laws, and soliton solutions for the mKdV systems
Authors: Wang Gangwei , Kara Abdul H. H. , Vega-Guzman Jose , Biswas Anjan
Published: August 2017

We study the symmetry groups, conservation laws, solitons, and singular solitary waves of some versions of systems of the modified KdV equations.
Computer-aided detection of interstitial lung diseases: A texture approach
Authors: Plankis Tomas , Juozapavicius Algimantas , Stašienė Eglė , Usonis Vytautas
Published: August 2017

We have developed the flexible scheme for computer-aided detection (CAD) of interstitial lung diseases on chest radiographs. These schemes enable us to perform diagnostics in the broad circumstances of pneumonia and other interstitial lung diseases. It is applied in the case of children pneumonia when conditions are difficult to standardize. In the adults' case the schemes of CAD are more adaptive, as there are more characteristic interstitial lung tissue's changes to all kinds of pathological conditions. Even in the norm of drawing there are more visible and more highlighted features, leading to better results. The CAD scheme works as follows. For the first of all, we are using adopted algorithms of active contours to select the area of lungs, and then to divide this area into subareas - regions of interest (40 different ROI). Then ROIs were subjected to the 2-dimensional Daubechies wavelet transform, and only main transformation was used. For every transformation 12 texture measures were calculated. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to extract 2 main components for each ROI, and these components were compared to predictive component region.
Prognostic Factors for Treatment Failure in Acute Otitis Media
Authors: Tähtinen Paula A. , Laine Miia K. , Ruohola Aino
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Antimicrobial treatment is effective in the management of acute otitis media (AOM), but approximately half of the children may recover without antimicrobial agents. By identifying patients who may not require antimicrobial treatment for the management of AOM, the use of antimicrobial agents could be substantially reduced. Our aim was to identify subgroups of children with AOM who would benefit most from antimicrobial treatment and children who could be suitable for initial observation.

METHODS:

This is a secondary analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Children 6 to 35 months of age with AOM (N = 319) were randomly allocated to receive amoxicillin-clavulanate (40/5.7 mg/kg per day) or placebo for 7 days. Our primary outcome was time until treatment failure.

RESULTS:

Treatment failure occurred in 31.7% of all children. Older age (24–35 months) and peaked tympanogram at entry decreased the hazard for treatment failure (hazard ratio, 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29 to 0.96; P = .04; and hazard ratio, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.88; P = .02, respectively). The rate difference for treatment failure between antimicrobial treatment and placebo groups was highest among children with severe bulging of the tympanic membrane (11.1% vs 64.1%; rate difference −53.0%; 95% CI, −73.5% to −32.4%), resulting in a number needed to treat of 1.9.

CONCLUSIONS:

Children with severe bulging of the tympanic membrane seem to benefit most from antimicrobial treatment of AOM. On the other hand, children with peaked tympanogram (A and C curves) may be optimal candidates for initial observation.
Calidad nutricional, dinámica fermentativa y producción de metano de arreglos silvopastoriles
Authors: Mahecha-Ledesma Liliana , Angulo-Arizala Joaquín , Barragán-Hernández Wilson Ándres
Published: August 2017

The aim of this work was evaluate the bromatological quality, the degradability of dry matter and the mitigation potential of the forage from the different silvopastoral arrangements in three shade levels (0, 30 y 60%). This study was carried out between October 2012 and September 2013, in the La Candelaria farm from the Antioquia University, Colombia. The arrangements contained within Brachiaria grasses (Brachiaria brizantha cv toledo, Brachiaria decumbens and Brachiaria hibrido cv mulato II) alone or associated with Tithonia diversifolia and Cratilya argentea in silvopastoral arrangements. Evaluation was made in forage of forty days, the chemical composition, content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, degradation of dry matter and in vitro methane production were determined. The arrangement used (grass alone or associated with shrubs affected signi cantly the concentration of protein and linoleic acid (p<0.05). Not effect was observed in the arrangement, level of shade and interaction arrangement x shade in the degradability of dry mater after 48 h (p>0.05). However, pre-planned comparisons indicated that the association of Brachiaria brizantha cv toledo with shrubs improved the degradability of dry matter (MS) at 48 h, and was observed that the interaction shade x arrangement affected the dynamic degradation of MS. The factors evaluated (arrangement and shade) did not affect the in vitro methane emission.
Producción de biomasa y calidad nutricional de tres forrajes cosechados a dos alturas
Authors: Elizondo Salazar Jorge Alberto
Published: August 2017

The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of cutting height on yield and nutritional quality of three forage species used for feeding dairy cattle. The study was carried out at the “Alfredo Volio Mata” Experiment Station of the University of Costa Rica. The evaluated species were: native corn (Zea mays), black sorghum (Sorghum almum) and king grass cultivar Taiwan (Pennisetum purpureum); these three species were harvested at two different cutting heights (15 and 45 cm above ground). Green forage yield was significantly different (P<0.05) within each of the species and dry matter (DM) yield was reduced between 17 to 42% when cutting height was increased. When cutting height was done at 15 cm above ground, corn, black sorghum and Taiwan yielded 51.3, 31.4 and 70.9 t/ha/ cycle, respectively. With regard to DM, the forage species that yielded the most when harvested at 15 cm above ground was Taiwan grass, with 11.6 t/ha/cycle, while the forage species that yielded the least when harvested at 45 cm was corn with only 5.4 t/ha. Black sorghum signi cantly (P<0.05) improved its nutritive value when cutting height was increased. DM concentration increased from 22.79 to 25.53%, crude protein also increased from 8.24 to 12.90%, meanwhile neutral detergent fiber decreased from 63.69 to 59.47% and acid detergent fiber also decreased from 43.15 to 37.30%.
Efecto sobre la fermentación in vitro de mezclas de Tithonia diversifolia, Cenchrus clandestinum y grasas poliinsaturadas
Authors: Cardona Iglesias Juan Leonardo , Mahecha Ledesma Liliana , Angulo Arizala Joaquín
Published: August 2017

The aim of this study was evaluated by in vitro, the effect of mixing wild sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia), kikuyu (Cenchrus clandestinum) and concentrated feed, with the addition of polyunsaturated fatty acids (AGPI) on the production of methane (CH4 ml/g MSd), dry matter digestibility (%DIVMS) and production of volatile fatty acids (AGV). The research was conducted in NUTRILAB laboratory (Medellin, Colombia) in September 2015. Three combinations of AGPI rich lipid sources were used with a total maximum inclusion level corresponding to 3% of incubated dry matter. Combinations of lipid sources were: SAGPI1: 0.5% soya oil, 0.5% sish oil, 2% rich in omega 3 bypass fat. SAGPI2: 1% Soya oil, 0.5% fish oil, 1.5% bypass fat rich in omega 3. SAGPI3: 2.5% Soya oil, 0.5% fish oil. A source of bypass fat (GSP) was also used. The results were processed using pre-planned test comparisons through the PROC MIXED-SAS.The methane production in vitro decreased (p<0.05), while the dry matter digestibility increased (p<0.05) 24 and 48 hours after wild sunflower was include and / or AGPI or both into the mixtures. In the molar ratio of AGV (%), acetic acid showed an increased presence. The inclusion of forage like wild sunflower and sources of AGPI supplementation in cattle, could be a strategy to reduce methane emissions without causing a detriment to the ruminal fermentation.
Transdanubian Puszta (1683–1735) Based on 18th-Century Border Litigations
Authors: Máté Gábor
Published: August 2017

Puszta is a widely known phenomenon that primarily denotes a deserted countryside and not the flat areas, vegetation, cattle grazing and some picturesque landscape items that are usually associated with. In Southern Transdanubia, a borderline during Ottoman rule for 143 years, settlement desertion became a crucial and overwhelming factor from 1543 to 1686. My paper addresses the age of reorganization (1686–1720), right after the Ottomans were defeated, and focuses on land use and the general appearance of the land. There are two major views on this situation. Some historians hold that the elaboration took place in a scarcely populated and “wild,” natural area, thus the process of colonization was inevitable. Meanwhile, other scholars who worked with local archival sources have pointed out that plenty of families survived there whose livelihood changed during the Ottoman occupation but they filled the land with human activities. This resulted in a different type of land structure, which was far from the so-called medieval landscape.

In my paper I follow the second theory and depict the landscape in a minor area on the basis of archival data. I analyze the practices of land use in order to show the way the “puszta” did and did not exist. I also investigate the key factors that affected a new landscape shift, which brought about the colonial landscape.
Characterization of Subjective Well-being through the application of Ed Diener’s Life Satisfaction Scale in students of the Antonio José de Sucre University Corporation in Sincelejo during the first semester of 2015/Caracterización del Bienestar Subjetivo
Authors: Montenegro Castillo Mery , Córdoba Rosenow Paola , García Payares Abel
Published: August 2017

El Bienestar Subjetivo hace referencia a aquello que las personas perciben acerca de sus vidas, lo que en un estado de plenitud se llama felicidad; según Diener, (2000) este se experimenta cuando se sienten emociones agradables. De esta manera lo importante de la subjetividad es la propia evaluación de la vida y el reconocimiento de que el bienestar incluye elementos más allá de la prosperidad económica. Esta investigación pretende analizar a través de la metodología de encuesta, aplicando la escala de satisfacción con la vida de Diener, el bienestar subjetivo de una muestra de 324 estudiantes universitarios, de una población total de 972 jóvenes que cursan programas de pregrado en la Corporación Universitaria Antonio José de Sucre en el primer periodo del año 2015, teniendo como objetivo conocer en primera instancia su nivel de aceptación con la vida, al tiempo que permite tener una caracterización a fin de establecer estrategias para el mejoramiento del autoconcepto en los estudiantes, de esta manera se pudo evidenciar que el 44% los estudiantes manifiestan estar satisfechos con su existencia, sin embargo, el 8% se encuentra ligeramente por debajo de la media, un 3% se siente insatisfecho con su vida y un 1% está extremadamente insatisfecho con esta, lo que permite establecer que existen alertas ante situaciones de automotivación en los estudiantes.
Elderly who take care of elderly: a study on the Frailty Syndrome
Authors: Santos-Orlandi Ariene Angelini dos , Brito Tábatta Renata Pereira de , Ottaviani Ana Carolina , Rossetti Estefani Serafim , Zazzetta Marisa Silvana , Pavarini Sofia Cristina Iost
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT Objective: Identifying prevalence of frailty in elderly caregivers inserted in a high social vulnerability context and its correlation with sociodemographic and health aspects. Method: Descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional study. Forty elderly caregivers were evaluated with: questionnaire for caregiver characterization, Mini Mental State Examination, Katz Index, Lawton instrumental activities of daily living scale, Geriatric Depression Scale and the frailty phenotype proposed by Fried. Interviews were conducted at their residences and scheduled in advance. All ethical precautions were observed. Data were analyzed with the Stata statistical program version 11.0. Results: 10% of elderly caregivers were frail. There was a significant correlation between frailty and sex, instrumental activities of daily living and cognition. Conclusion: Female caregivers, partially dependent individuals regarding instrumental activities of daily living and with worse cognitive state deserve a special attention from health services.
Frailty in the elderly: prevalence and associated factors
Authors: Carneiro Jair Almeida , Cardoso Rafael Rodrigues , Durães Meiriellen Silva , Guedes Maria Clara Araújo , Santos Frederico Leão , Costa Fernanda Marques da , Caldeira Antônio Prates
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT Objective: to know the prevalence and factors associated with frailty in elderly assisted by the Centro Mais Vida de Referência em Assistência à Saúde do Idoso (Mais Vida Health Reference Center for the Elderly) in the North of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Method: cross-sectional study, with sampling by convenience. Data collection occurred in 2015. Demographic and socioeconomic variables, morbidities, use of health services and the score of the Edmonton Frail Scale were analyzed. The adjusted prevalence ratios were obtained by multiple analysis of Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: 360 elderly aged 65 or older were evaluated. Frailty prevalence was 47.2%. The variables associated with frailty were the following: advanced age elderly, who live without a partner, have a caregiver, present depressive symptoms, osteoarticular disease, as well as history of hospitalization and falls in the last twelve months. Conclusion: knowledge of factors associated with frailty allows development of health actions aimed at the elderly.
Knowledge produced on the health of low-income older women: an integrative review
Authors: Tavares Renata Evangelista , Jesus Maria Cristina Pinto de , Cordeiro Samara Macedo , Machado Daniel Rodrigues , Braga Vanessa Augusta , Merighi Miriam Aparecida Barbosa
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the knowledge produced on the health of low-income older women. Method: an integrative review was conducted in February 2016 on the SCOPUS, CINAHL, MEDLINE, LILACS, EMBASE, WEB OF SCIENCE databases, and in the SciELO journals directory. After the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 24 articles were selected. Results: the knowledge produced comprises two main themes: "health in face of economic adversities" and "reciprocity in social support between low-income older women and their social network". Final considerations: health professionals, especially nurses, should be attentive to aspects related to social determinants and the health of low-income older women, highlighting the fact that they are not always the recipients of care.
Currency crisis and external fragility: a Minskyan interpretation applied to the Brazilian economy between 1999 and 2013
Authors: Sarto Victor Hugo Rocha , Almeida Luciana Togeiro de
Published: August 2017

Abstract: This work has two goals. The first one is to develop an interpretation for open economies founded on Minsky’s financial fragility hypothesis about the process of a currency crisis and its determinants. The deterioration of an economy’s external financial structure is identified as the reason for the increase of its crisis susceptibility. With this approach, we create external fragility indexes intending to measure an economy’s crisis susceptibility. Our second objective is to evaluate the Brazilian external fragility between 1999 and 2013using the index and the interpretation previously developed. The results suggest that Brazilian’s external fragility suffered a gradual and significant decrease and tends to follow stable trend in the coming years.
L’ équipe educativa responsabile e il ruolo formativo del coordinatore pedagogico
Authors: Savio Donatella
Published: August 2017

SOMMARIO Con riferimento, in particolare, ai servizi educativi per l’infanzia, la capacità di riflettere sulla pratica in modo partecipato viene presentata come la caratteristica peculiare di un’équipe educativa responsabile. Le dinamiche che caratterizzano un’équipe educativa responsabile vengono approfondite facendo riferimento ai concetti di “gruppo di lavoro razionale” (Bion, 1961) e di “identità educativa di gruppo” (Savio, 2011). Vengono quindi delineate le condizioni che favoriscono il funzionamento pedagogicamente responsabile di un'équipe educativa, riprendendo la teoria dei livelli sistemici di Bronfenbrenner (1979) e mettendo in primo piano, per ogni livello sistemico (macro, meso, eso, micro) il ruolo del coordinatore pedagogico. Questa precisazione permetterà di mettere in evidenza il ruolo formativo del coordinatore pedagogico nella misura in cui, sostenendo le dinamiche che attraversano un’équipe educativa responsabile, promuove anche la costruzione di sapere pedagogico, la crescita di consapevolezzacirca l’identità educativa ed il potenziamento dell’intenzionalità professionale, a livello sia individuale che di gruppo.
Pedagogos construindo suas identidades: entre adscrição e escolhas
Authors: Pooli João Paulo , Ferreira Valéria Milena Rohrich
Published: August 2017

RESUMO O artigo discute sobre as configurações das identidades dos pedagogos, tendo como referência principal as múltiplas dimensões que são oferecidas e as atividades que esses profissionais assumem no campo de trabalho. As análises realizadas nesse texto partem principalmente das contribuições de Stuart Hall, Zygmunt Bauman e Norbert Elias. Por meio de uma pesquisa realizada com coordenadores pedagógicos de escolas públicas da cidade de Curitiba, podemos compreender que no processo de construção da identidade do pedagogo, coexistem duas disposições: uma escolhida e estruturada na formação acadêmica, e outra urdida no dia a dia através das reais condições estruturais e conjunturais encontradas nas escolas. Concluímos que a concepção acadêmica sobre a identidade do pedagogo foi transformada, mas as estruturas administrativas escolares permaneceram quase intactas. O resultado disso é uma precarização do trabalho do pedagogo, que passa a assumir praticamente todas as demandas que envolvem alunos e professores nas escolas.
A coordenação pedagógica, a formação continuada e a diversidade étnico-racial: um desafio
Authors: Catanante Bartolina Ramalho , Dias Lucimar Rosa
Published: August 2017

RESUMO Este artigo almeja discutir os desafios colocados ao trabalho do(a) coordenador(a) pedagógico(a) como responsável pela formação continuada nas instituições escolares e a necessária inclusão nessas atividades da educação para as relações étnico-raciais, conforme determina as Diretrizes Curriculares para a Formação Inicial e Continuada de Professores. A nós nos interessa compreender o que se espera desse(a) profissional na articulação do papel formador com as normativas que assegurem o direito a todos (as) de acessarem uma educação que contemple a diversidade étnico-racial. Nossa conclusão é que, se não for acompanhada de apoio institucional, a carga de responsabilidade atribuída à formação realizada no lócus da escola pelo(a) coordenador(a) dificilmente levará a uma educação que promova a igualdade racial tal qual prevista nas normativas.
Política Nacional de Medicamentos em retrospectiva: um balanço de (quase) 20 anos de implementação
Authors: Vasconcelos Daniela Moulin Maciel de , Chaves Gabriela Costa , Azeredo Thiago Botelho , Silva Rondineli Mendes da
Published: August 2017

Resumo A assistência farmacêutica (AF) e a formulação de políticas de medicamentos são campos de atuação do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Assim, em 1998, após um processo participativo, a Política Nacional de Medicamentos (PNM) foi aprovada e publicada em portaria. A PNM traz em seu cerne, baseadas nos princípios e diretrizes do SUS, diretrizes e prioridades para balizar as ações das três esferas de Governo no alcance do objetivo essencial da política. A fim de conduzir o leitor a momentos de reflexão sobre esse período de vida da política, o artigo se propõe a fazer um balanço dos quase 20 anos da PNM, com a discussão de algumas diretrizes específicas à luz de princípios do SUS. Não se pretendeu exaurir todas as atividades do período, mas aproximar se daquelas que se destacaram por apontar avanços e dilemas, com potenciais riscos de retrocessos. Vislumbrou-se esforços de implementação de uma agenda ambiciosa para a AF, que tentou lidar com desafios de enfrentamento do mercado farmacêutico, da operacionalização da AF dentro do SUS. Apesar dos princípios do SUS serem reconhecidos nas diferentes iniciativas, identifica-se também que a operacionalização traz uma série de contradições e riscos que podem comprometer alguns desses princípios.
Maus-tratos e discriminação na assistência ao aborto provocado: a percepção das mulheres em Teresina, Piauí, Brasil
Authors: Madeiro Alberto Pereira , Rufino Andréa Cronemberger
Published: August 2017

Resumo O tratamento das complicações do aborto provocado pode ser dificultado por atitudes de discriminação praticadas por profissionais de saúde nos hospitais e serviços de aborto. Este artigo recuperou histórias de violência institucional entre mulheres que provocaram o aborto em condições ilegais e inseguras. Foram entrevistadas 78 mulheres internadas em um hospital público de referência em Teresina por complicações do aborto provocado. Utilizou-se roteiro semiestruturado com perguntas sobre práticas e itinerários de aborto e violência institucional durante a internação. Práticas discriminatórias e de maus-tratos durante a assistência foram relatadas por 26 mulheres, principalmente entre aquelas que confessaram a indução do aborto. Julgamento moral, ameaças de denúncia à polícia, negligência no controle da dor, longa espera pela curetagem uterina e internação conjunta com puérperas foram os principais tipos de violência institucional narrados. As práticas de violência institucional na assistência ao aborto provocado violam o dever de acolhimento do serviço de saúde e impedem que as mulheres tenham suas necessidades de saúde atendidas.
Aplicação de recursos financeiros para aquisição de medicamentos para atenção básica em municípios brasileiros
Authors: Pontes Marcela Amaral , Tavares Noemia Uruth Leão , Francisco Priscila Maria Stolses Bergamo , Naves Janeth de Oliveira Silva
Published: August 2017

Resumo Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar o valor financeiro aplicado por habitante/ano em municípios brasileiros para aquisição de medicamentos do Componente Básico da Assistência Farmacêutica, segundo porte populacional e região geográfica do país. Foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados de aquisição de medicamentos, registrados na Base Nacional de Dados das Ações e Serviços de Assistência Farmacêutica, no período de julho de 2013 a junho de 2014 (n = 960). A grande maioria dos municípios (73%) aplicou um valor por habitante/ano menor do que o mínimo recomendado pela legislação vigente e, desses, 47% possuem até 20 mil habitantes. Verificou-se também que a região Norte é a que possui maior número de municípios com menor aplicação de recursos e que os da região Sudeste, em média, aplicaram um valor por habitante/ano maior e adquiriram mais itens do que aqueles das demais regiões. As disparidades regionais e demográficas na aplicação de recursos financeiros trazem como reflexão a importância da rediscussão do modelo de financiamento da assistência farmacêutica básica e da responsabilidade das esferas do SUS na gestão eficiente desse recurso para prover o acesso a medicamentos à população.
Contaminação química, precarização, adoecimento e morte no trabalho: benzeno no Brasil
Authors: Costa Danilo Fernandes , Goldbaum Moisés
Published: August 2017

Resumo A toxicidade do benzeno é conhecida e os tipos de doenças a ele ligadas vêm se ampliando. Foi recuperada a trajetória e as descobertas relacionadas às doenças combinadas com o deslocamento das atividades dos países centrais para os periféricos. Neste processo há correlações na prevenção da exposição ao benzeno. No Brasil foram analisadas as aplicações das regulações para identificar seu impacto, pois as informações sobre contaminação ambiental e doenças é bastante precária. Prevaleceram legislações formais sem registro de sua aplicação. Somente quando houve mobilização de trabalhadores e técnicos ocorreram avanços.
THE DOM FOR THE CRAFT AND THE GIFT FROM GOD: ETHNOGRAPHIC EXPLORATIONS AMONG THE TRADITIONAL MIDWIVES OF SANTANA
Authors: Cardoso Marcus , Nascimento Raysa
Published: August 2017

Abstract This article studies the traditional midwives living and working in Santana, the second largest city of Amapá state, Brazil. We present and discuss the midwives’ worldviews, highlighting how the obligations associated with non-compulsory debts in the cycles of giving, receiving and returning are not limited to the relationship between the patient’s family and the midwife. According to local conceptions, the most important relations of obligation associated with the dom for the craft are those established between humans and God. The counter-gift is accomplished through patient care, but as a form of obligation towards God. Assisting the women who seek out the help of the midwives is thus understood as the adequate means of settling the debt with the divine entity.
Temporal progress of teak rust in a tropical area of Tocantins State, Brazil
Authors: SALES Nathana Izabela Silva , LEÃO Evelynne Urzêdo , CORREIA Lucas Caius Moreira do Amaral , SIQUEIRA Chrystian de Assis , SANTOS Gil Rodrigues dos
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT Rust, caused by Olivea neotectonae, stands out as the main teak disease, causing premature defoliation regardless of the tree’s growth stage. In this study, we aimed to assess the temporal progress of rust in adult teak plants in southern Tocantins State (Brazil). Both rust incidence and severity were evaluated and the disease progress curves were obtained, adjusting to monomolecular, logistic and Gompertz mathematical models. Data from incidence and severity were correlated with climate variables collected by the agrometeorological station located in the study area. Rust incidence reached 100% at 98 days after beginning of the evaluations (DBE). The highest severity (equal or above 75%) was observed at 147 DBE. There was a significant and negative correlation between severity and minimum temperature. The adjustment of the Gompertz model suggests that control measures should be aimed primarily to reduce the rate of disease progress.
Sociedade Brasileira de Bioética: uma bioética de compromissos
Authors: Carvalho Regina Ribeiro Parizi , Martins Gerson Zafalon , Greco Dirceu Bartolomeu
Published: August 2017

Resumo Para documentar dois mandatos à frente da Sociedade Brasileira de Bioética, os autores fazem retrospectiva da disciplina no país, com a criação da entidade associativa, de revistas científicas, eventos nacionais e internacionais, bem como programas acadêmicos para formação em campos multidisciplinares e divulgar a bioética para a sociedade brasileira, latino-americana e lusófona. Ressalta que desde o início dos debates a bioética brasileira teve sua atuação relacionada estreitamente com a defesa dos direitos humanos. No período de gestão os desafios se relacionavam ao envelhecimento populacional, ao impacto de doenças emergentes/reemergentes, ao aumento da urbanização, ao crescimento da tecnologia, às pressões para diminuir os requisitos éticos para pesquisas envolvendo seres humanos, globalização da economia e da comunicação; somados à grave crise econômica e política internacional, que no Brasil culminou com o impeachment da presidente eleita e reformas privatistas que subtraem direitos dos trabalhadores. Isto tudo determina a pauta para o novo mandato.
Contribuições para planejamento e avaliação do ensino da bioética
Authors: Rego Sergio , Palacios Marisa
Published: August 2017

Resumo O propósito deste artigo é refletir sobre ensino da bioética e sua avaliação em graduações e pós-graduações da área da saúde, considerando seus possíveis objetivos educacionais. Conteúdos, métodos e técnicas de ensino devem ser apropriados para o nível de formação em que o aluno está inserido. Ressalta-se a importância dos conteúdos teóricos, a chamada “caixa de ferramentas” da bioética, que devem ser adequados ao nível de formação e aos objetivos. Chama-se atenção para a distinção entre competência em ética e competência moral. Discute-se o papel do docente e do ambiente de ensino na formação do pensamento crítico e dialógico.
Suicídio como autodeterminação da cidadania perante o Estado
Authors: Barreira Marcelo Martins
Published: August 2017

Resumo Este artigo começa com visão geral sobre o fenômeno do suicídio para tratar da questão, mais especificamente, do ponto de vista da obediência ética e política ao Estado, em que se inscreve a questão da legitimidade da autodeterminação cidadã para as pessoas que optaram por não continuar a viver. Para isso, o artigo segue a abordagem de Michael Walzer, que defende que a criminalização do suicídio se fundamenta, ao longo da tradição ocidental, em triplo contexto paradigmático de vínculos sociais: a cidade-estado ateniense; a monarquia medieval; e o movimento socialista revolucionário. A cidadania, como impossibilidade moral do suicídio, tem no pensamento de Aristóteles e Hume duas posições antitéticas. Assim, mostrando a importância de se manter aberta a criação de novos vínculos sociais, a possibilidade de normatização do suicídio assistido pode ser questão de fronteira para a atual discussão sobre direitos humanos.
A experiência do comitê de bioética de um hospital público
Authors: Oliveira Maridite Cristóvão Gomes de , Oliveira Reinaldo Ayer de , Nogueira-Martins Maria Cezira Fantini
Published: August 2017

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar e sistematizar a experiência do comitê de bioética do Hospital Geral de São Mateus, hospital público estadual de São Paulo. Foi adotada metodologia qualitativa de pesquisa, com estratégia de estudo de caso. Duas técnicas de pesquisa foram utilizadas: análise documental e questionário com perguntas abertas aplicado aos participantes do comitê de bioética. Por meio da análise do material obtido foram constituídas quatro categorias: histórico e evolução do comitê; motivação para participar dele; casos marcantes ali discutidos; sugestões para aperfeiçoamento do comitê. Verificou-se que, além de discutir e deliberar, o comitê de bioética desenvolveu também papel educativo em relação aos profissionais e equipes envolvidos. Esse papel foi expandido para a instituição como um todo, por meio de simpósios com temas ligados à bioética. O estudo revela a importância de estimular a criação de instâncias desse tipo nas instituições de saúde do Brasil.
Alfabetizacion Estadistica en Profesores de Distintos Niveles Formativos
Authors: Rodriguez-Alveal Francisco Enrique
Published: August 2017

Resumen: El presente artículo tiene por objetivo evaluar los niveles de alfabetización estadística y la percepción que tienen estudiantes en Formación Inicial Docente y profesores en ejercicio del sistema escolar. Para tal efecto, se aplicaron dos instrumentos: el primero, de alfabetización estadística y el segundo de percepción, validados estadística. Los resultados evidencian que, en general, los estudiantes en Formación Inicial Docente y profesores en ejercicio presentan porcentajes de logro descendidos en la descodificación de situaciones problemáticas de tipo textual, entregando además argumentaciones poco plausibles con los saberes estadísticos donde intervienen conceptos básicos de estadística.
Comparação de duas classificações histopatológicas com o padrão de imuno-marcação para KIT, a avaliação da proliferação celular e com a presença de mutações no c-KIT de mastocitomas cutâneos caninos
Authors: Carvalho Anna Paula M. , Carvalho Eulógio C.Q. , Nardi Andrigo B. De , Silveira Leonardo S.
Published: August 2017

RESUMO: A graduação histopatológica é o método de eleição para prever o comportamento biológico do mastocitoma e, atualmente, são utilizados os métodos de Patnaik e de Kiupel para dividi-los em graus de malignidade. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi comparar as duas classificações histológicas com as variáveis clínicas, os marcadores imuno-histoquímicos e com a presença de mutações para verificar as características que estão mais relacionadas entre si e com os piores prognósticos. Foram avaliados 61 animais, levando em consideração o sexo, a raça, a idade, a localização tumoral, o grau tumoral pelas classificações de Patnaik e Kiupel, a infiltração de eosinófilos, a marcação do KIT e do Ki-67 e a presença de mutação. As variáveis foram correlacionadas utilizando os testes de qui-quadrado, teste de Fisher, teste de verossimilhança e o teste de risco relativo. Os animais idosos foram os mais acometidos, enquanto os animais sem raça definida e os das raças Boxer, Labrador e Pinscher foram aqueles com maior predisposição ao desenvolvimento tumoral. A localização e a idade estão associadas ao grau tumoral. Os tumores em cabeça, pescoço e região genital têm 10 vezes mais chance de serem classificados como de alto grau (RR=10,667; IC95% 1,909-59,615, p=0,004) e os idosos oito vezes mais chance (RR=8,00; IC95% 0,955-67,009; p=0,029). Os tumores de grau II e os de baixo grau foram os mais encontrados e as duas classificações histológicas demonstram correlação muito significativa entre si (p<0,001). A concentração do infiltrado eosinofílico não demonstrou correlação significativa com nenhuma das classificações histológicas. O padrão KIT foi dependente da localização tumoral (p=0,015), já que os tumores genitais, na cabeça e no pescoço possuíam 18 vezes mais chance de apresentarem padrão citoplasmático (RR=18,571; IC95% 1,954-176,490; p=0,003), e das classificações de Patnaik (p=0,001) e Kiupel (p<0,001), sendo que os tumores de alto grau têm 36 vezes mais chance de apresentarem padrão citoplasmático (RR=36,00, IC95% 4,35-297,948; p<0,001). A marcação do Ki-67 demonstrou dependência da localização (p=0,024). A presença de mutação no exon 11 do domínio justamembrana não demonstrou associação com nenhuma das variáveis clínicas, das classificações histológicas, da concentração de eosinófilos e do padrão KIT. A presença da mutação foi correlacionada significativamente apenas ao Ki-67 (p=0,010). Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a localização é a variável clínica mais relacionada ao prognóstico e que apenas a classificação de Kiupel associada à imuno-histoquímica são eficientes para avaliar o comportamento tumoral.
Pathologic and microbiologic aspects of pet psittacine infected by Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium
Authors: Siqueira Raul A.S. , Maciel William C. , Vasconcelos Ruben H. , Bezerra Windleyanne G.A. , Lopes Elisângela S. , Machado Débora N. , Lucena Marcel F. de , Lucena Ricardo B. de
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT: The role of Escherichia coli in healthy microbiota of psittacine is controversial, and the presence of Salmonella sp. indicates possible disease. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the presence of E. coli and Salmonella spp. in a psittacine pet that died in Fortaleza, Brazil, correlating pathogenicity aspects of the isolates through the evaluation of lesions and antimicrobial susceptibility. Psittacine pets sent to the Laboratory of Ornithological Studies, State University of Ceará, that died in 2014 and 2015 were necropsied. Fragments of liver, kidneys, intestine, lung, heart, spleen and brain were collected for microbiological and histopathological analyses. Scores were attributed to lesions and isolated strains submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility test. From the seventy necropsied birds, nineteen were positive for E. coli and one for Salmonella Typhimurium. Congestive lesions and lymphoplasmocitic inflammatory infiltrate were observed varying from light to moderate and were the main findings. In the analyzed strains, multidrug resistance against different groups of antibiotics was observed. In conclusion, according to the results, E. coli strains and the Salmonella Typhimurium isolate produced significant lesions in the psittacine pets, and multidrug resistance may hinder treatments with antibiotics used in avian pet medicine.
SELECTIVITY OF METRIBUZIN IN POSTEMERGENCE OF CULTURE OF CARROT
Authors: CARNEIRO G.D.O. PESSOA , SILVA G.S. , BARBOSA A.R. , SILVA D.V. , REIS M.R.
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT The initial slow growth and short stature of carrot can allow that weeds settle in crop areas, requiring the management of these plants for productivity not to decrease. Nevertheless, weeds control has been difficult because there are few herbicides available for weeds control in postemergence of carrots. Two experiments in the field were carried out to evaluate selectivity of metribuzin applied in postemergence of carrots. A experimental randomized block design was utilized with four repetitions. Treatments consisted of metribuzin doses (0, 144, 288, 432, 576, 720, 960 and 1,200 g ha-1), applied in postemergence of carrots of the Nantes variety. Roots productivity was evaluated and percentage of commercial roots and no-commercial roots was calculated. Metribuzin has not caused visual symptoms of intoxication in carrots. Doses lower than 432 g ha-1 of metribuzin do not reduce the total productivity of roots, independent of the application period. Any doses of metribuzin changed the percentage of commercial and noncommercial roots. It is concluded that metribuzin is selective for carrots of the Nantes variety in postemergence applications at doses of 432 g ha-1.
METABOLIC ACTIVITY OF WHEAT AND RYEGRASS PLANTS IN COMPETITION
Authors: AGOSTINETTO D. , TAROUCO C.P. , NOHATTO M.A. , OLIVEIRA C. , FRAGA D.S.
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT Ryegrass is an annual cycle Poacea, often considered as a weed in wheat crops. The goal of this study was to analyze oxidative stress and enzyme activity of wheat and ryegrass cultures in response to stress caused by the competition between crop and weed, in two development stages. The experiment was conducted in completely randomized design, with eight replications, in replacement series, with a population of 64 plants per pot. Treatments consisted of proportions of ryegrass and wheat plants arranged in replacement series. The tested proportions were: 100/0 (pure wheat stand), 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 and 0/100% (pure ryegrass stand). The evaluated variables were: hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, thiobarbituric acid-reactive species (TBARS), electrolyte leakage and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) antioxidant enzymes. Culture and the damages caused by ryegrass competition varied according to the plant developmental stage. Both for wheat and rygrass culture, intraspecies competition caused higher oxidative stress, with increasing H2O2 and TBARS contents and electrolyte leakage. SOD, CAT and APX activity increased in the culture during interspecies competition. In ryegrass, interspecies competition also increased SOD and CAT activity, whereas weed monoculture caused an increase in the APX enzyme. Generally speaking, variable behaviors were similar between the tillering and stem elongation stages.
METHODOLOGIES TO STUDY THE BEHAVIOR OF HERBICIDES ON PLANTS AND THE SOIL USING RADIOISOTOPES
Authors: MENDES K.F. , MARTINS B.A.B. , REIS F.C. , DIAS A.C.R. , TORNISIELO V.L.
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT In Brazil, the “Pesticide Act” (Act no. 7,802/89) has introduced new criteria related to the environment, public health and agronomic performance in the analyses of pesticide-related activities. Likewise, radioisotopes are used for environmental behavior and in planta studies, since they provide some advantages in comparison to chemical measures, including greater sensitivity, stepwise description of a particular element in a metabolic system, and pesticide position and detection through X-ray films and/or radio image (in plants) and liquid scintillation (in plants and soil), respectively. This review describes methodologies related to radioisotope utilization in studies on herbicide absorption, translocation and metabolism in plants, as well as in studies on herbicide biodegradation, mineralization, leaching and sorption-desorption on the soil. The step-by-step of the described methodologies is based on the guidelines that were established, mostly by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). On this review, methodological information on soil and plant studies, using radioisotopes, is available to Brazilian researchers. Thus, the objective of this review is to stimulate the conduction of further studies that use the methodologies described herein.
Diagnostic peritoneal fluid aspiration: a simple maneuver to diagnose a major question: a prospective study surgical point of view
Authors: Hosni Mohamed Abdel Hafeez , Abd Almageed Magdy Khalil , Helmi Mena Zari , Abdelal Mohamed El-Sayed
Published: August 2017

Background: A variety of fluids can accumulate in the peritoneal and pelvic cavities including ascites, blood, pus, bile, urine, lymph, cerebral spinal fluid, and mucin. The appearance of some of these fluids by imaging may suggest a specific etiology, but a diagnostic aspiration must be performed in the majority of cases. This review aims to assess critically the value of peritoneal fluid analysis in the diagnosis.Methods: There was prospectively evaluated 80 patients presented with intraperitoneal fluid collection at Sohag University Hospital from July 2016 till July 2017. Physical, chemical, bacteriological and cytological properties of the aspirated peritoneal fluid was studied.Results: The study included 80 patients with intra-peritoneal collection of surgical importance (due to trauma, inflammation, malignancy). Diagnostic aspiration from intra-abdominal collection was routinely done in all cases giving the following results: 20 cases (25%) showed blood in the aspirate, 18 cases (22.5%) showed pus, 11 cases (13.75%) showed bile stained fluid, 9 cases (11.25%) showed gastric contents, 8 cases (10%) showed serosangenous aspirate, 7 cases (8.75%) showed clear fluid aspirate, 4 cases (5%) showed turbid fluid and 3 cases (3.75%) showed small intestinal contents.Conclusions: Diagnostic aspiration from intraperitoneal fluid collection is considered a simple available test that helps in diagnosis of major problematic cases.