bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research the process of cold punching of hex nut blanks of increased height
Authors: Shubin I. G. , Kurkin A. A. , Bazykov A. R. , Stolyarov F. A.
Published: September 2019

The high nuts withstand increased load for expansion, facilitating its even distribution along the bolt length. The process of increased height nut blanks plastic deformation characterized by uneven metal flow and changing of stressed state by the blank section. In the process of closed-die stamping of such nuts a risk of their geometry distortion arises. Results of study of the process of production a hex nut of increased height presented. The object of the research was to study the process of the metal deformation when broach a hole for thread in a hexagonal nut blank of increased height. To simulate the stress-strain state, the QForm-3D software package was chosen, which made it possible to predict with sufficient accuracy the metal flow in the blank, calculate the deformation forces and determine the stresses that occur in the tool. The models of the blank and the tool were created in the Compass 3D program without internal and external defects. When performing the work, the parameters of the stress-strain state of a hexagonal nut blank of increased height were calculated. The simulation results showed the need to change the geometry of the end part of the punch to a conical one with an angle of 150 degrees and a reduction in the size of the baffle height from 10.4 mm to 5.4 mm. The adopted changes allowed to reduce the energy and power costs of forming a through hole for the threads. Industrial testing confirmed the correctness of the calculations. Nuts with edges perpendicular to its base and the required geometrical parameters were obtained.
Technical and economic aspects of development and running ladle treatment aggregates
Authors: Protasov A. V.
Published: September 2019

Modern ladle treatment of liquid steel represents a wide set of technological processes and aggregates, as well as units and systems, many of them having significant cost and need expensive maintenance. Technical and economic advantages, obtained at various variants of steel ladle treatment considered, the advantages being at both metal products producers and consumers. Factors of production expenses saving at the stage of steel smelting due to transferring of the steel refining operation from melting aggregates to the stage of ladle treatment considered. It was noted, that in the process of continuous casting of metal, subjected to ladle refining, the steel casting improves considerably due to keeping the narrow temperature interval, decreased content and globular form of nonmetallic inclusions. In its turn it results in a decrease of rejects, an increase of billet drawing speed possibility and correspondent increase of production capacity, reduction of the number of the casted billet shell breaks. Technical and economic advantages of melt treatment by cored wire or by all-metal injection wire with stuff shown. Decrease of rejects is an important factor for cost decreasing. For example, application of calcium-aluminum cored wire at a steel-works enabled to decrease the rejects of well-casings made of 20ГЮ steel by a factor of 1.5–2. In many cases production of state-of-the-art steel grades, for example IF-steels, being the base of the modern motor-car construction, is not possible without ladle treatment. Therefore, absence of ladle treatment elements at a big steelworks can lead to considerable losses.
水利工程施工管理研究
Authors: 梁 玉波
Published: September 2019

随着我国经济的发展,水利工程的数量不断增加、规模不断扩大,人们开始对水利工程的质量予以了高度的关注。而水利工程施工管理是影响水利工程质量的一个重要环节,直接决定了水利工程能否顺利开展。但由于水利施工管理是一个繁杂的过程,在运行时往往会出现一些问题,这就要求我们为了保障水利工程的质量和进度,我们必须正视当前水利施工管理中存在的问题。本文将就当前水利施工管理中存在的问题以及水利施工管理的改进措施进行分析和探讨。
论述水利水电工程的质量管理
Authors: 占 君燕
Published: September 2019

随着我国水利水电工程项目的不断增多,对工程质量的要求也随之提升,目前,我国水利水电工程质量管理过程中存在一定的问题,因此,加强水利水电工程质量管理工作,已经迫在眉睫,本文针对水利水电工程质量管理制度中存在的问题进行分析,提出相应加强质量管理的有效措施。
水利水电工程项目成本管理的探讨
Authors: 马 元
Published: September 2019

水利水电是民生工程中两大核心,水利水电工程的资金更是来源于民,也服务于民的。因此,在进行这水利水电项目工程时,务必要把握好成本管理问题对水利水电施工项目进行有效的成本管理将对整个企业的经济效益产生最直接的有利影响。所以需要施工单位合理使用项目资金,不负众望。
浅论电力企业物资仓储的优化管理
Authors: 杨 明明
Published: September 2019

电力企业的生产作业关系到广大用户的切身利益,因此确保电力企业稳定持续的生产作业是一件至关重要的大事。在电力企业的管理中,仓库管理是至关重要的环节,必须采取有效措施,加强仓库管理,完善和健全管理机制,提高管理人员素质,把仓库管理工作贯彻落实,以保证电力企业的良性发展和持续正常生产。
大型水库管理单位与水行政主管部门的矛盾化解研究
Authors: 韩 小飞
Published: September 2019

在政府机构改革的背景下,部分大型水库提高机构规格引发了与水行政主管部门之间的一系列矛盾和冲突,不利于其综合效益的有效发挥。文章首先阐述了大型水库管理单位与水行政主管部门的矛盾的外在表现,然后分析了造成这些矛盾的深层原因,并提出了矛盾化解的基本思路和主要途径。
农田水利渠道渗漏的原因及防渗措施
Authors: 李 进华
Published: September 2019

水资源对于农田来说是十分重要的,其在农作物生长过程中发挥着重要作用。在农田灌溉的过程中,应进行正常灌溉,不宜过多或者过少,满足农作物的生长需求,从而提高农作物产量,增加农民经济收入。本文主要分析了农田水利渠道渗漏的原因,提出了农田水利渠道防渗的措施,并加以案例分析。
流域水环境保护管理存在的问题及解决措施
Authors: 马木提 吐尔洪
Published: September 2019

水是生命之源,在人类生存发展中占有非常重要的地位,然而从当前的水资源管理来看,水污染问题越来越严重,其不仅会影响人们的身体健康,还将对生态环境造成严重的破坏,为此,加强对流域水环境保护是非常有必要的,本文主要分析了流域水环境保护管理中存在的问题,并提出了加强几点流域水环境保护管理的解决措施。
谈小型农田水利建设管理现状与措施
Authors: 吐尔逊 艾买尔
Published: September 2019

随着农业的快速发展,小型农田水利工程建设也呈现快速发展的趋势。根据小型农田水利建设的发展情况来看,做好小型农田水利建设的运行和维护是非常有必要的,农田水利建设管理能够在很大程度上促进农业经济快速发展,进而提升国民经济。本文主要从加强小型农田水利建设管理的必要性出发,分析了小型农田水利建设管理的现状,并提出了几点有效改进农田水利建设管理的措施。
Sixteenth century books from the Library of Gian Rinaldo Carli High School in Koper
Authors: Appollonio Marco
Published: September 2019

What are they, how many are there, and in what condition are the sixteenth century books found in the Library of the Gian Rinaldo Carli High School in Koper? These are some of the questions answered in this article. In addition to providing a detailed catalogued and physical description of the aforementioned books, I also analysed them in order to determine their historical, and even more importantly, their pedagogical profile. Therefore, this article consists of three parts. Firstly I pre- sent a historical outline of the library and books deposited in it, then I analyse the sixteenth century books found in the library, and finally, I provide their catalogued and physical description. The analysis focuses on the volumes which are marked by affiliation, the marking which determines that they belong to the Collegium/High School or to the private individuals who were in some way connected with the insti- tution, or from whose hands the books were passed on to the library. Beginning with the typology of the books found in the library, I apply the results to other volumes in the collection and thus confirm that most of them had didactic purpose because these are mostly classic works, from philosophy to history, rhetoric, politics, literature, and educational texts. In short, they represent the core from which the Library of the Gian Rinaldo Carli High School in Koper was created.
Istrian sailors on the Carpathia
Authors: Muškardin Dijana
Published: September 2019

Carpathia was a vessel owned by the British Cunard Line which went down in history as the rescuer of the castaways from the Titanic, a passenger ship that famously sank in the early morning of 15 April 1912 in the North Atlantic Ocean. Since 1903 the Carpathia had sailed on the transatlantic line between Rijeka and New York and was mostly used for the transportation of emigrants, employing many Croatian sailors, especially from Istria and the Kvarner.
In this paper I discuss the names and fate of the unknown Croatian sailors from Labin area who participated in the rescue of Titanic passengers in April 1912 drawing on eyewitness accounts, their written records, and the available literature. By analysing the British Cunard Line official list from 1912 I discovered that out of the 240 crewmembers, 83 sailors came from Istria and the Kvarner. This well-known list is now expanded with 17 names of sailors from the Labin area. Fieldwork also helped find the families of their descendants. These new mariners were located by checking the surname frequency in Labin’s environs. Most came from Sveta Nedelja, Kršan and Labin. By analysing the list I conclude that they worked as waiters, stokers and greasers with a monthly salary from 76 to 127 Austro-Hungarian crowns. They were proficient in foreign languages and often served as interpreters. For some, that ship was a ticket to a better life. I was also able to determine that 20 mariners from Istria and the Kvarner who sailed on the Carpathia in 1912 defected from the ship and stayed in New York.
Cigarette smoke or exhaust gas from waste incineration – where are more dioxins?
Authors: Czerwińska Justyna , Wielgosiński Grzegorz
Published: September 2019

In Poland, incineration is a relatively new method of waste treatment. Modern installations for waste incineration have two functions: they reduce the quantity (volume) of the waste and are a source of electricity and/or heat. During all combustion processes including waste incineration, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCD/Fs) (well known as dioxins) are formed. These compounds are considered to be extremely dangerous for living organisms including human beings.
Dioxins are formed in any process of combustion of solid and liquid fuels in the presence of chlorine, oxygen and organic matter at appropriate temperatures. Combustion processes also occur during cigarette smoking, which is also a source of dioxin emissions. Although smoking has been classified as a less important source of dioxins in the environment, it directly affects our health.
This work’s aim is to determine and compare the degree of harmfulness caused by the amount of inhaled dioxins: cigarette smoking or living near a waste incineration plant.
Based on literature and experimental data, the concentration of dioxins in cigarette smoke and exhaust gases generated by municipal waste incineration plants as well as number of dioxins absorbed per day by the body will be presented.
Kajian Ketahanan Batuan Clay Shale Formasi Jatiluhur di Sentul City Jawa Barat
Authors: Oktaviani Revia , P Raharjo Paulus , A Sadisun Imam
Published: September 2019

The mechanical properties of Clay Shale are very unique. When it is dry, it shrinks and hardens, butwhen it absorbs water, it swells and to some extent loses its shear strength so that the drop-instrength can occur suddenly even with its own weight. Due to the nature of the swell-shrink that arestrongly influenced by climate and weather, clay shale durability may decrease over time when indirect contact with air and water. Research on clay shale was done in Sentul City, Bogor - West Java,Indonesia on Jatiluhur formation, using dynamic slaking (slake durability test) and slaking static test.Dynamic slacking test is done in three times i.e. after sampling, after 3 months and after 9 months.Slake durability test results from 3 different drilling points, shows that within 9 months, has not seenthe decreasing effect of durability. With a low Plasticity index, the durability research in Sentul City isin medium durability to medium-high durability classification.
Estimating Primary Tin Deposits Using Resistivity Method and Geomagnetic Method in Sambunggiri Hill Merawang District, Bangka Regency)
Authors: Mardiah Mardiah , Guskarnali Guskarnali
Published: September 2019

Cassitterit is a valuable mineral containing tin and other minerals as mining products in the Bangka Belitung Islands region. Sambung giri Hill, Merawang District, Bangka Regency is one of the places where primary tin deposits occur. Estimation of subsurface images can be interpreted using geophysical methods in the form of resistivity methods and geomagnetic methods. The measurement of resistivity method uses 6 lines with dipole-dipole configuration while the geomagnetic method with looping measurement technique as many as 13 lines with each line consists of several measurement points within 20 meters, consisting of 10 lines to the South-North direction, and 3 trajectories to the West- East. Based on the results of the study, the primary tin deposit estimation from the resistivity method in the form of a cross section of resistivity shows a low resistivity value (<700 Ohm.m) while the geomagentic method in the form of Reduction To Equator (RTE) shows a low geomagnetic anomaly (<0.8 nT). The spread of primary tin deposits is estimated to be found in the Northwest-Southeast direction.
Sproti. Geta fornar skógarnytjar skýrt margslungið merkingarsvið?
Authors: Kjartansson Helgi Skúli
Published: September 2019

The Old Norse noun sproti(masc.) displays a variety of meanings, only some of which are preserved in Modern Icelandic. The present article seeks, largely on the basis of material from the Copenhagen Dictionary of Old Norse Prose (ONP), to map the usage of the term and its compounds. Many of the occurrences in old texts have religious overtones, either Christian – partly as a translation of Lat. virga – or pagan – especially in connection with the god Óðinn, while others concern tales of magic and fantasy.Down-to-earth use of the term is too rare for its basic meaning to clearly occur. It is, however, tempting to connect it with the common practice of coppicing or pollarding trees for a variety of uses, from tree hay to firewood, including any sort of poles or sticks. The term sproti would then primarily refer to the young stems harvested from such trees and secondarily to fancier magic wands and regal sceptres, even when made of ivory or gold.The Odinic reyrsproti and laufsproti might then refer to tender stems used, respec-tively, for fastening (cf. vb. reyra ‘tie’) and for animal feed.
Þórarinn í þágufalli
Authors: Axelsdóttir Katrín
Published: September 2019

The ancient inflection of the Icelandic male name Þórarinn (nom.), Þórarin (acc.), Þórarni (dat.), Þórarins (gen.), is identical in the modern language. But in addition to the usual dative form, Þórarni, four other forms have been used, Þórarin, Þórarini, Þórarinum, Þórarininum. As examples of the use of these innovative forms are not com-mon, it is difficult to date their emergence with certainty. The oldest known example of Þórarinum is from around 1700 in South Iceland, from where it may have spread. Examples are found in several places in the South, in the West and in the North. Examples of Þórarin in the dative are found in the latter half of the 18th century. Þórarini occurs in the language of a man born in 1850. The rarest and presumably the youngest form, Þórarininum, occurs in the 20th century, in Rangárvallasýsla and Barðastrandarsýsla, and is probably extinct. The other three innovative forms are still occasionally found, especially Þórarin and Þórarini.
Splitting the atom: Lexical creativity and the image of the Icelandic atom poets
Authors: Willsson Kendra
Published: September 2019

Greinin fjallar um samsetningar með forliðnum atóm- og byggist aðallega á gögnum úr Ritmálssafni Orðabókar Háskólans. Fjöldi samsetninga með þessum forlið varð til eftir seinni heimsstyrjöldina, einkum í tengslum við skáldsöguna Atómstöðina (1948) eftir Halldór Laxness og atómskáldin svokölluðu. Í þessum samsetningum kemur fram margvísleg merkingarvísun. Orðstofninn vísar til fagurfræði atómskáldanna, nútímaljóða og módernisma almennt og til andrúmsloftsins í upphafi kalda stríðsins þegar módernisminn varð til. Nýyrðið og samheitið frumeind virðist ekki geta fengið sams konar afleidda merkingu í samsetningum heldur fær aftur bókstaflegu merkinguna ‘grunneining’ í öðru samhengi en þegar talað er um eðlis- eða efnafræði.
"Glasið brotnaðist, amma": Viðskeyti eða ekki: Um sagnir sem enda á -na+st
Authors: Jónsdóttir Margrét
Published: September 2019

Icelandic has a number of anticausative/inchoative verbs suffixed with -na,i.e., verbs like batna, hitna,stirðna ‘become better/warm(er)/stiff(er)’. They are, from a synchronic point of view, all related to adjectives. It has been generally assumed that the na-formation and -st formation do not combine, in other words, that na-verbs can’t be suffixed with -st (sofnast being an exception). This is mainly based on the assumption that -na is a productive suffix forming an agentless verb. The paper concludes that this is not the case. The assumption is that -na is not a suffix any longer. Many examples of st-cliticized na-verbsare found in Icelandic, e.g. batnast, hitnast, stirðnast. They are found in written Icelandic sources, both in the oldest as well as in very young sources of a different kind. For comparison, the behaviour of two verbal groups are discussed in the paper. On the one hand, there are -k(k)a/-ga-verbs suffixed with -st, having an anticausative/ergative meaning, i.e. fjölgast ‘increase’, stækkast ‘become big(ger)’. Numerous verbs belong to this group. On the other hand, there is a very small group of verbs, i.e. batast ‘become better’, hitast ‘become warm(er)’, meyrast ‘become tender’; these verbs, that have the same root as the na-verbs, are used in an anticausative/ergative meaning and have a causative counterpart as well.
Orðið kýrskýr: Merking og myndun
Authors: Jónsdóttir Margrét
Published: September 2019

The Icelandic adjective, kýrskýr, (kýr ‘cow’, skýr ‘clear, sharp, intelligent’) merits atten-tion for a number of reasons. According to sources, the oldest written examples are from the latt er part of the 20th century. However, the word could be older. This article undertakes the task of writing the history of this adjective, considering its meaning and formation. The following issues are dealt with:a. Normally, the adjective kýrskýr has the meaning ‘(very)clear, sharp, intelligent’, referring to persons or matters. Furthermore, examples show that the adjective is most commonly used in the construction e-ð er kýrskýrt ‘sth is (very) clear’.b. The adjective kýrskýr is also known in the meaning of ‘stupid’, referring to per-sons only. As a matter of fact, this seems to be the older meaning.c. The formation of kýrskýr is not clear and it could be argued that there is a relationship between the word formation and the meaning of the word. In the sense of ‘stupid’, kýrskýr is a compound word of the type N+A. On the other hand, the forma-tion of kýrskýr in the meaning ‘(very) clear, sharp, intelligent’ is not clear. It could be considered a compound word, having undergone a metaphorical extension. Or, it could be argued that kýr- is a prefi xoid with the head skýr. In that case, the question of the function of the rhyme, kýr and skýr, arises.
病险水库加固设计要点研究
Authors: 李 水华
Published: September 2019

就现如今水库工程实际情况来说，在国内存在着诸多的病险水库，这样对于民众的生活水平的稳步提升是非常不利的。虽然在加大力度，全面推进病险水库除险加固施工工作，但是还是存在诸多的病险水库无法得到及时的出现加固，而导致发生危险事故的情况。这也充分的说明了，病险水库是现如今国内防洪工作中的一个重点工作，务必要加以切实的关注，为社会的和谐稳定发展创造良好的基础。因此，为了维护社会稳定，必须要提高对痛险水库的治理力度，进行加固技术创新，以增强水库对自然灾害的抵御能力。从我国病险水库的现状出发，浅谈加固病险水库的措施，旨在供相关人员参考。
探地雷达技术在水利工程检测中的应用
Authors: 李 浩 , 王 丰平
Published: September 2019

地质雷达也称探地雷达，是利用高频电磁波束在界面上的反射来探测有关的目的体。探地雷达技术是探测地下结构和特性的一种地球物理勘探方法。由于它具有高效、快速、无损、抗干扰能力强等优点,已广泛的应用在工程中的各个领域,成为浅层勘探的有力工具。
排涝站土方施工的方法探究
Authors: 汪 许杰
Published: September 2019

土方工程是建筑工程施工中的重要组成部分之一。文章中以土方工程施工理论作为研究出发点，结合案例工程的具体情况，从开挖、运输和填筑不同的过程以及土方填筑及质量保证措施论述了科学化的方法，为规范土方施工方法提供了参考。
关于水电工程开发征地移民政策的探讨分析
Authors: 纪 祥洲
Published: September 2019

水电工程的开发建设，离不开征地移民活动，相关政策成为人们关注的要点。此文首先解读了我国水电开发征地移民政策，然后指出存在的问题，最后阐述了政策完善的主要方向，以供参考。
燃煤电站EPC项目的设备质量控制
Authors: 陈 士庆
Published: September 2019

燃煤电站EPC项目，涉及到的设备数量多、体积大、专业性等级要求比较高，对其进行严格的质量管理，有利于全面促进燃煤电站EPC项目的顺利进行，基于此，此文主要从流程分析入手，探讨燃煤电站EPC项目设备质量控制要点。并从系统建设进行相关反思，以提升燃煤电站EPC项目的科学性。
小型农田水利工程运行管理存在的问题及对策
Authors: 周 永
Published: September 2019

要想提高农产品的产量和产品的品质，增加农民的收入，离不开小型农田水利工程发挥作用。基于此，就小型农田水利工程运行管理存在的问题提出改进对策，为农业发展提供助力。
农村饮水安全现状分析及解决对策
Authors: 吴 军
Published: September 2019

随着我国城乡一体化建设不断发展，农村经济也得到了良好的发展，进一步提升了农民的生活水平。在农村经济不断发展的过程中，农村地区饮水安全问题也得到了更多的关注，要想有效的解决饮水安全问题应对其中的隐患进行分析与解决，以此来保证农村地区人民的身体健康，加快农村地区经济的发展。
水利工程岩石爆破开挖技术应用
Authors: 宋 艳龙
Published: September 2019

水利工程经常涉及岩石爆破开挖，岩石爆破需要详细的爆破设计及方案，精确地孔径、孔深和装药量，防止超挖欠挖以此确保爆破效果。通过分析，加强爆破振动监测，确保建筑物开挖安全及对已建建筑物的影响。边坡开挖严格按专项方案开挖，边坡预裂跟进安全支护，确保开挖边坡的稳定。
pengaruh penggunaan media maket dengan metode inkuiri terhadap pemahaman konsep siswa di smps advent nusra noelbaki tahun ajaran 2018/2019
Authors: Mudi Ariesta , Manu Theodora S.N
Published: September 2019

Abstract

This research is aimed at knowing the influence of using “Maket” media with Inquiry method towards students’ understanding on Biological concepts. The research method used in this research was experimental with One Group Pretest-Postest Design. The population of this study 37 students of grade VII in SMPS Advent Nusra Noelbaki. The sampling technique used in this study was Purposive Sampling; Since the number of population was too small, the writer took them all as sample of this study, as treatment group. From this study, the data obtained by test, it is essay test, then the data were analyzed used t-test analysis. From the data analysis, it was shown that tcount = 6,514 and ttable = 2,056 with the significant level (a) = 0,05. Since the result of tcount = 6,514 ˃ ttable = 2,056, therefore the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected and Alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. It is conluded that there is an influence on the use of “Maket” media with inquiry method toward students’ understanding on Biology concepts. The teaching and learning process using “Maket” media with Inquiry method made students more active, the teaching and learning is not monotonous and the students are more attractive participate and more understand the material taught.

Key Words:“Maket” Media, Inquiry Method, Concept Understanding
TUMBUHAN PEWARNA ALAMI KAIN TENUN IKAT SUKU METO DI KECAMATAN NUNKOLO, KABUPATEN TIMOR TENGAH SELATAN
Authors: Nomleni Fransina Th , Sabuna Alan Ch
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tumbuhan pewarna alami, organ tumbuhan yang digunakan, warna yang dihasilkan, dan proses pengolahan tumbuhan hingga menghasilkan warna. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik observasi dan wawancara semi struktural. Penelitian ini pada masyarakat Kecamatan Nunkolo, Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan di Desa Haumeni, Desa Putun dan Desa Nunkolo. Jumlah informen dalam penelitian ini 30 orang yang terdiri atas kepala Desa, tokoh masyarakat, pengrajin dan masyarakat yang mengetahui tentang pemanfaatan tumbuhan pewarna alami. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh 5 jenis tumbuhan pewarna alami yaitu rimpang dari famili Zingiberaceace yaitu Kunyit/Huki (Curcuma domestica L) menghasilkan warna kuning yang diolah dengan cara ditumbuk, warna merah dihasilkan dari kulit batang famili Rubiaceace yakni Mengkudu/Baok’ulu (Morinda citrifolia L) yang direbus, warna hijau dihasilkan dari famili Fabaceace yakni daun kacang Arbila/Koto (Phaseolus lunatus L) yang ditumbuk, warna hitam dihasilkan dari famili Rubiaceace yakni daun Tarum/Taum (Indigofera tinctoria L) yang direndam, dari famili Euphorbiaceae yang diambil adalah daun Pohon Buah Tinta/Meko (Phylantus reticulatus Poir) untuk warna biru diolah dengan direndam dan dicampuran tepung jagung, Selain itu terdapat tumbuhan yang digunakan sebagai bahan tambahan dalam pewarnaan yaitu daging buah kelapa/Noa (Cocos nucifera) dan kapur sirih. Tumbuhan yang digunakan dalam proses perendaman awal adalah Kemiri/Fenu (Aleurites mollucana L) dan Jagung/Pena (Zea Mays L). Tujuan penambahan kapur adalah sebagai penguat warna sehingga tidak mudah luntur. Tumbuhan yang berpotensi sebagai pewarna alami tenun ikat sebagian besar telah dibudidayakan. Tumbuhan yang dibudidayakan adalah Tarum, Kunyit dan kacang Arbila.
Impacto da sondagem de solo no valor da obra
Authors: Salomão Pedro Emílio Amador , Jahel Rafael Saúde
Published: September 2019

A sondagem do solo proporciona informações importantes para que o calculista estrutural possa idealizar uma estrutura que atenda de maneira especifica as exigências de cada tipo de obra, no entanto, o que ocorre em diversos casos (principalmente em obras de pequeno porte) é a negligencia com esse tipo de informação, uma vez que o proprietário alega não ser viável financeiramente que se invista em tal atividade por motivos diversos. Essa negligência força com que o calculista assuma uma postura mais conservadora, levando em conta a segurança da sua estrutura e gerando assim na grande maioria das vezes uma estrutura superdimensionada, o que eleva o custo desta obra. Este artigo faz análise entre duas obras onde uma possui estudo de solo e outra não, utilizando o método de sondagem SPT (standard penetration test). Este trabalho tem como objetivo mostrar os impactos da sondagem SPT na obra e em projeto final.
Relações entre as concepções teóricas de Freire e Vygotsky: Um mapeamento bibliográfico no Encontro Nacional de Pesquisa em Educação e Ciências – ENPEC
Authors: Martins Joana Laura de Castro , Mattos Kélli Renata Corrêa de , Decian Emanoela , Guedes Giane Tais Cruz , Goulart Guilherme Salgueiro
Published: September 2019

Com referência às pesquisas voltadas às teorias que envolvem os processos teóricos no contexto da Educação em Ciências, as concepções de Paulo Freire e Lev S. Vygotsky, individualmente, têm contribuído para a configuração de novas perspectivas de análise e teorização do conhecimento científico produzido e apropriado pelos sujeitos. Pensando nisso, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, o tipo bibliográfico em todas as edições do Encontro Nacional de Pesquisa em Educação e Ciência - ENPEC, ou seja, nos 20 anos de publicações nos anais do evento (1997-2017), nos quais buscou-se identificar e analisar produções que tecem relações entre as ideias de Freire e Vygotsky na área de ensino de Ciências. Após essa análise, identificou-se um pequeno número de produções com tais relações, sendo que as existentes, estão voltadas a dialogicidade em que ambos os autores se apoiam, bem como na importância das interações sociais e discursivas para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem.
Fenomena Gincu dalam Cerpen Indonesia Bertajuk Gincu
Authors: Amrullah Imron
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pola pikir masyarakat terhadap penggunaan gincu oleh perempuan di tengah masyarakat Indonesia. Gejala ini dikaji berdasarkan ideologi dan penyebabnya dengan menggunakan teori New Historicism. Hasil penelitian menun jukkan bahwa penggunaan gincu di tengah masyarakat Indonesia memiliki ragam dampak dan konon dampak yang diakibatkan adalah dampak negatif. Fenomena sosial seperti ini mengakibatkan perempuan Indonesia terkukung dengan persepsi yang klasik. Ada tiga penyebab yang menyebabkan perempuan yang mengguakan gincu mendapatkan persepsi negatif, yaitu: pandangan yang merendahkan perempuan, ketergantungan perempuan, dan kemiskinan serta rendahnya pendidikan perempuan. Teks fiksi yang mendukung maskulinitas dan mengabaikan feminisme menjadikan penelitian ini lebih menarik untuk dikaji. Dalam kehidupan sosial, tidak seharusnya perempuan terbelenggu dengan persepsi klasik yang semakin merugikan diri perempuan.
Protecting Privacy in Divorce Actions: Article 8 and the Need for Law Reform
Authors: Black Gillian
Published: September 2019

This article makes the case for reform of divorce law by demonstrating that the current provisions in the Divorce (Scotland) Act 1976 are not compliant with Article 8 ECHR. Scots law's mix of fault and no fault provisions requires the mandatory disclosure of often highly personal and intimate details in order to establish adultery, behaviour, or non-cohabitation. This statutory requirement to disclose private and personal information to the state, to fulfil the test for irretrievable breakdown of the marriage, constitutes an invasion of the spouses’ privacy. The article then goes on to show that such invasion cannot be justified as necessary in a democratic society, in terms of Article 8 jurisprudence. Consequently, reform is required to ensure that Scots divorce law is ECHR compliant. The final section sets out a proposal to transform divorce law in Scotland into a no-fault notification procedure, removing the damaging and invasive process currently in force.
The Anglo-Scots Monetary Union of 1707
Authors: Fox David
Published: September 2019

Article XVI of the Acts of Union of 1706 and 1707 created a monetary union by merging the Scottish monetary system with the sterling monetary system of England and Wales. It completed a process that began after the 1603 regal union between the two kingdoms. Its main purpose was to restore the circulating currency in Scotland and England to the same monetary standard, something which had been an aim of Scottish monetary policy since the early decades of the regal union. The monetary union of 1707 raised difficult numismatic and legal problems in the way prices were quoted, debts were paid and accounts were kept. The monetary events of 1707 illustrate how the legal conception of a monetary union can mean different things in different historical periods. Modern-day legal understandings of monetary union cannot be projected into the past when monetary systems were based on coins struck from intrinsically valuable metals.
RETRACTED: Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition Attenuates the Cardiac Dysfunction Caused by Cecal Ligation and Puncture in Mice
Authors: O'Riordan Caroline E. , Purvis Gareth S. D. , Collotta Debora , Chiazza Fausto , Wissuwa Bianka , Al Zoubi Sura , Stiehler Lara , Martin Lukas , Coldewey Sina M. , Collino Massimo , Thiemermann Christoph
Published: September 2019

Sepsis is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world. The development of cardiac dysfunction in sepsis results in an increase of mortality. It is known that Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) plays a role in toll-like receptor signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, two key components in the pathophysiology of sepsis and sepsis-associated cardiac dysfunction. In this study we investigated whether pharmacological inhibition of BTK (ibrutinib 30 mg/kg and acalabrutinib 3 mg/kg) attenuates sepsis associated cardiac dysfunction in mice. 10-week old male C57BL/6 mice underwent CLP or sham surgery. One hour after surgery mice received either vehicle (5% DMSO + 30% cyclodextrin i.v.), ibrutinib (30 mg/kg i.v.), or acalabrutinib (3 mg/kg i.v.). Mice also received antibiotics and an analgesic at 6 and 18 h. After 24 h, cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography in vivo. Cardiac tissue underwent western blot analysis to determine the activation of BTK, NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB pathway. Serum analysis of 33 cytokines was conducted by a multiplex assay. When compared to sham-operated animals, mice subjected to CLP demonstrated a significant reduction in ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening (FS), and fractional area change (FAC). The cardiac tissue from CLP mice showed significant increases of BTK, NF-κB, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. CLP animals resulted in a significant increase of serum cytokines and chemokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, KC, eotaxin-1, eotaxin-2, IL-10, IL-4, CXCL10, and CXCL11). Delayed administration of ibrutinib and acalabrutinib attenuated the decline of EF, FS, and FAC caused by CLP and also reduced the activation of BTK, NF-κB, and NLRP3 inflammasome. Both ibrutinib and acalabrutinib significantly suppressed the release of cytokines and chemokines. Our study revealed that delayed intravenous administration of ibrutinib or acalabrutinib attenuated the cardiac dysfunction associated with sepsis by inhibiting BTK, reducing NF-κB activation and the activation of the inflammasome. Cytokines associated with sepsis were significantly reduced by both BTK inhibitors. Acalabrutinib is found to be more potent than ibrutinib and could potentially prove to be a novel therapeutic in sepsis. Thus, the FDA-approved BTK inhibitors ibrutinib and acalabrutinib may be repurposed for the use in sepsis.
Acute and Subacute Toxicity Assessment of Oxyclozanide in Wistar Rats
Authors: Wang Weiwei , Dong Zhen , Zhang Jili , Zhou Xuzheng , Wei Xiaojuan , Cheng Fusheng , Li Bing , Zhang Jiyu
Published: September 2019

Oxyclozanide is an effective anthelmintic and has shown good properties in other ways including anti-adenovirus, anti-biofilm, antifungal, and antibacterial activity. This study aimed to investigate the acute and subacute 28-days repeated dose oral toxicity of an oxyclozanide suspension in Wistar rats. A high oral lethal dose (LD50) of 3,707 mg/kg was observed in the acute toxicity test. During the 28-days time period, no obvious adverse effects or death were detected. Histopathological changes were observed in the heart, liver, and kidney of animals treated with high dose of oxyclozanide. Based on the hematological parameters, there were no statistical differences between the oxyclozanide-treated group and the control group. For biochemistry assays, ALP, AST, GLU, TBIL, GLO, TG, BUN, UA, LDH, and CK were statistically changed in the treatment groups. These data suggested that the LD50 of oxyclozanide was ~3,707 mg/kg body weight (BW), and the lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) of oxyclozanide was at a dose of 74 mg/kg in rats.
Consensus Tracking by Iterative Learning Control for Linear Heterogeneous Multiagent Systems Based on Fractional-Power Error Signals
Authors: Luo Yu-Juan , Liu Cheng-Lin , Liu Guang-Ye
Published: September 2019

This paper deals with the consensus tracking problem of heterogeneous linear multiagent systems under the repeatable operation environment, and adopts a proportional differential (PD)-type iterative learning control (ILC) algorithm based on the fractional-power tracking error. According to graph theory and operator theory, convergence condition is obtained for the systems under the interconnection topology that contains a spanning tree rooted at the reference trajectory named as the leader. Our algorithm based on fractional-power tracking error achieves a faster convergence rate than the usual PD-type ILC algorithm based on the integer-order tracking error. Simulation examples illustrate the correctness of our proposed algorithm.
Impact of a Cultivation System upon the Weed Seedbank Size and Composition in a Mediterranean Environment
Authors: Restuccia Alessia , Lombardo Sara , Mauromicale Giovanni
Published: September 2019

The knowledge of the soil seedbank is crucial to predict the dynamics of weed communities and potential future problems in agroecosystem weed management. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative variation of the potential and real weed flora as a function of different cultivation systems (namely organic, conventional and uncultivated) in a Mediterranean environment (Sicily, south Italy). The results proved that soil seedbank density was significantly different in superficial (0–10 cm) and deeper soil layers (10–15 cm) in both organic and conventional cultivation systems. Portulacaceae and Amaranthaceae were the dominant botanical families, although they achieved a higher total number of seeds m−2 under a conventional cultivation system than under organic and uncultivated ones. The whole weed flora was represented by 45 taxa, but the presence of the crop reduced the qualitative and quantitative composition of real weed flora. In conclusion, the knowledge of the seedbank size and composition, as well as the variation in time and space of real flora, may contribute to predict the dynamics of weed emergence and their possible interference with crops. In particular, information on the weed dynamics is essential to develop sustainable control protocols, especially under organic farming.
Prediction of Surface Roughness of 304 Stainless Steel and Multi-Objective Optimization of Cutting Parameters Based on GA-GBRT
Authors: Zhou Tao , He Lin , Wu Jinxing , Du Feilong , Zou Zhongfei
Published: September 2019

Establishing and controlling the prediction model of a machined surface quality is known as the basis for sustainable manufacturing. An ensemble learning algorithm—the gradient boosting regression tree—is incorporated into the surface roughness modeling. In order to address the problem of a high time cost and tendency to fall into a local optimum solution when the grid search and conjugate gradient method is adopted to obtain the super-parameters of the ensemble learning algorithm, a genetic algorithm is employed to search for the optimal super-parameters in the training process, and a genetic-gradient boosting regression tree (GA-GBRT) algorithm is developed. A fitting goodness of fit is taken as the fitness function value of the genetic algorithm and combined with k-fold cross-validation, as such, the initial model parameters of the gradient boosting regression tree are optimized. Compared to the optimized artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector regression (SVR) and combined with the cutting experiment of 304 stainless steel with a micro-groove tool, a genetic algorithm multi-objective optimization model with the highest cutting efficiency and a supreme surface quality was constructed by applying the GA-GBRT model. The response relationship reveals the non-linear interaction that occurs between the cutting parameters and the surface roughness of 304 stainless steel that is machined by the micro-groove tool. As indicated by the results obtained from the multi-objective optimization, the cutting efficiency can be enhanced by increasing the cutting speed and depth within a small range of surface quality variations. The GA-GBRT model is validated to be reliable in making a prediction of the surface roughness and optimizing the cutting parameters with turning and milling data.
Numerical Analysis of Building Envelope with Movable Phase Change Materials for Heating Applications
Authors: de Gracia Alvaro
Published: September 2019

Latent heat storage materials have been tested by several researchers for decades to be used as passive heating and cooling systems in buildings but their implementation into building components is still stacked as is facing specific technical limitations related to difficulties to be charged both in heating and cooling periods. This paper presents a numerical analysis to evaluate the potential of a disruptive system, which is designed to solve the main drawbacks and to convert phase change materials (PCM) passive heating technology into a competitive solution for the building sector. The novel technology moves PCM layer with respect to the insulation layer inside the building component to maximize solar benefits in winter and be able to actively provide space heating. Design variables such as PCM melting point and control schemes were optimized. The results demonstrated that this technology is not only able to limit heat losses towards outdoors but it can provide space heating from stored solar energy when required. The promising numerical results endorse the possibility to build a future experimental prototype to quantify more in detail the benefits of this system.
Evaluation of Reliable Digital Elevation Model Resolution for TOPMODEL in Two Mountainous Watersheds, South Korea
Authors: Park Daeryong , Fan Huan-Jung , Zhu Jun-Jie , Oh Sang-Eun , Um Myoung-Jin , Jung Kichul
Published: September 2019

This study analyzed the result of parameter optimization using the digital elevation model (DEM) resolution in the TOPography-based hydrological MODEL (TOPMODEL). Also, this study investigated the sensitivity of the TOPMODEL efficiency by applying the varying resolution of the DEM grid cell size. This work applied TOPMODEL to two mountainous watersheds in South Korea: the Dongkok watershed in the Wicheon river basin and the Ieemokjung watershed in the Pyeongchang river basin. The DEM grid cell sizes were 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, and 300 m. The effect of DEM grid cell size on the runoff was investigated by using the DEM grid cell size resolution to optimize the parameter sets. As the DEM grid cell size increased, the estimated peak discharge was found to increase based on different parameter sets. In addition, this study investigated the DEM grid cell size that was most reliable for use in runoff simulations with various parameter sets in the experimental watersheds. The results demonstrated that the TOPMODEL efficiencies in both the Dongkok and Ieemokjung watersheds rarely changed up to a DEM grid-size resolution of about 40 m, but the TOPMODEL efficiencies changed with the coarse resolution as the parameter sets were changed. This study is important for understanding and quantifying the modeling behaviors of TOPMODEL under the influence of DEM resolution based on different parameter sets.
Directional Force Feedback: Mechanical Force Concentration for Immersive Experience in Virtual Reality
Authors: Ban Seonghoon , Hyun Kyung Hoon
Published: September 2019

In recent years, consumer-level virtual-reality (VR) devices and content have become widely available. Notably, establishing a sense of presence is a key objective of VR and an immersive interface with haptic feedback for VR applications has long been in development. Despite the state-of-the-art force feedback research being conducted, a study on directional feedback, based on force concentration, has not yet been reported. Therefore, we developed directional force feedback (DFF), a device that generates directional sensations for virtual-reality (VR) applications via mechanical force concentrations. DFF uses the rotation of motors to concentrate force and deliver directional sensations to the user. To achieve this, we developed a novel method of force concentration for directional sensation; by considering both rotational rebound and gravity, the optimum rotational motor speeds and rotation angles were identified. Additionally, we validated the impact of DFF in a virtual environment, showing that the users’ presence and immersion within VR were higher with DFF than without. The result of the user studies demonstrated that the device significantly improves immersivity of virtual applications.
DNA-Related Modifications in a Mixture of Human Lympho-Monocyte Exposed to Radiofrequency Fields and Detected by Raman Microspectroscopy Analysis
Authors: Lasalvia Maria , Perna Giuseppe , Capozzi Vito
Published: September 2019

Human exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) has risen considerably during the last decades, because of the industrial and technical development and the consequent increase of artificial EMFs sources. In particular, blood is largely involved in the environmental EMF exposure, because it is located everywhere in the human body. Lympho-monocyte cells are blood components that protect the human organism against infections. In this study, we investigate biochemical changes in lympho-monocyte cells extracted from human peripheral blood after exposure to EMFs at 1.8 GHz frequency and 200 V/m electric field strength for times ranging from 5 to 20 h inside a reverberation chamber. Some mixtures of cells, coming from many human subjects, were exposed and successively investigated by means of Raman micro-spectroscopy technique and principal components analysis. The spectral analysis was able to detect variations of the biochemical composition of the nucleus of exposed cells. Such modifications are mainly detectable as an intensity decrease of some DNA and nucleic acid Raman peaks with respect to the intensity of some protein peaks and they were most evident in the case of 20 h exposed samples. These results were in agreement with the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, observed in the exposed cells. Overall, the obtained results point out that EMFs exposure may induce modifications of the DNA in some blood cells of long-term exposed people.
Contrasting Effects of Sediment Microbial Fuel Cells (SMFCs) on the Degradation of Macrophyte Litter in Sediments from Different Areas of a Shallow Eutrophic Lake
Authors: Song Na , Jiang Helong , Yan Zaisheng
Published: September 2019

Eutrophication is one of the major ecological problems of our era. It accelerates the growth of aquatic plant and algae, eventually leading to ecological deterioration. Based on a 700-day lab experiment, this paper investigated the contrasting effects of sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) on the removal of macrophyte litter in a macrophyte-dominated area and an algae-dominated area from two bay areas of a shallow eutrophic lake. The results revealed that the removal efficiencies of total organic carbon increased by 14.4% in the macrophyte-dominated area and 7.8% in the algae-dominated area. Moreover, it was found that sediment samples from the macrophyte-dominated area became more humified and had a higher electricity generation compared to the sediment samples from the algae-dominated area. Pyrosequencing analysis further determined that SMFC promoted more aromatic compound-degrading bacteria growth in sediments from the macrophyte-dominated area than from the algae-dominated area. Our study demonstrated that SMFC could enhance organic matter degradation, especially plant litter degradation, but this influence showed different from sediment sources. Thus, SMFC is capable of providing a useful strategy for delaying the terrestrialization of lakes areas suffering from eutrophication.
Curcumin Attenuates Lead-Induced Cerebellar Toxicity in Rats via Chelating Activity and Inhibition of Oxidative Stress
Authors: Abubakar Kabeer , Muhammad Mailafiya Maryam , Danmaigoro Abubakar , Musa Chiroma Samaila , Abdul Rahim Ezamin Bin , Abu Bakar @ Zakaria Md Zuki
Published: September 2019

Lead (Pb) is a toxic, environmental heavy metal that induces serious clinical defects in all organs, with the nervous system being its primary target. Curcumin is the main active constituent of turmeric rhizome (Curcuma longa) with strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study is aimed at evaluating the therapeutic potentials of curcumin on Pb-induced neurotoxicity. Thirty-six male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into five groups with 12 rats in the control (normal saline) and 6 rats in each of groups, i.e., the lead-treated group (LTG) (50 mg/kg lead acetate for four weeks), recovery group (RC) (50 mg/kg lead acetate for four weeks), treatment group 1 (Cur100) (50 mg/kg lead acetate for four weeks, followed by 100 mg/kg curcumin for four weeks) and treatment group 2 (Cur200) (50 mg/kg lead acetate for four weeks, followed by 200 mg/kg curcumin for four weeks). All experimental groups received oral treatment via orogastric tube on alternate days. Motor function was assessed using a horizontal bar method. The cerebellar concentration of Pb was evaluated using ICP-MS technique. Pb-administered rats showed a significant decrease in motor scores and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity with increased Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. In addition, a marked increase in cerebellar Pb concentration and alterations in the histological architecture of the cerebellar cortex layers were recorded. However, treatment with curcumin improved the motor score, reduced Pb concentration in the cerebellum, and ameliorated the markers of oxidative stress, as well as restored the histological architecture of the cerebellum. The results of this study suggest that curcumin attenuates Pb-induced neurotoxicity via inhibition of oxidative stress and chelating activity.
The Role of Stiffness in Cell Reprogramming: A Potential Role for Biomaterials in Inducing Tissue Regeneration
Authors: d’Angelo Michele , Benedetti Elisabetta , Tupone Maria Grazia , Catanesi Mariano , Castelli Vanessa , Antonosante Andrea , Cimini Annamaria
Published: September 2019

The mechanotransduction is the process by which cells sense mechanical stimuli such as elasticity, viscosity, and nanotopography of extracellular matrix and translate them into biochemical signals. The mechanotransduction regulates several aspects of the cell behavior, including migration, proliferation, and differentiation in a time-dependent manner. Several reports have indicated that cell behavior and fate are not transmitted by a single signal, but rather by an intricate network of many signals operating on different length and timescales that determine cell fate. Since cell biology and biomaterial technology are fundamentals in cell-based regenerative therapies, comprehending the interaction between cells and biomaterials may allow the design of new biomaterials for clinical therapeutic applications in tissue regeneration. In this work, we present the most relevant mechanism by which the biomechanical properties of extracellular matrix (ECM) influence cell reprogramming, with particular attention on the new technologies and materials engineering, in which are taken into account not only the biochemical and biophysical signals patterns but also the factor time.