bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FUTURE OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND ITS CHALLENGES
Authors: Khan Mr. Yasser Ahmad
Published: May 2022

Blockchain, often known as the Internet of Value, is a new technology. And like many other new technologies, no one knows it’s potential, many claims that it’s going to revolutionize the way we live. It will deliver more radical changes than the Internet, with some questioning its significance. Despite dire predictions, blockchain is a game changing, new technology that have the ability to revolutionize the way people conduct business because of its ability to ensure security. The immutability of records is ensured by confidence among unknown individuals, while intermediaries are excluded. The popularity of digital currency, the enormous number of published blockchain studies, all attest to blockchain's importance. This paper provides an overview of blockchain, a rapidly emerging topic that discusses its benefits and downsides, as well as their potential consequences on the Internet, and societies in general.
NOVEL DESIGN OF SOLAR PANEL SYSTEM
Authors: Ghawghawe Dr. N. D.
Published: May 2022

Solar energy has a big potential as one of the renewable energy resources in the world. However, the conventional fixed photovoltaic (PV) system provides less efficient and less innovative system. This type of system faces problems of dust, heat, wind, difficult installation and also very less efficient in terms of electric power. To overcome these problems there should be a system which solves these problems automatically. In this research paper, a Novel Design of Solar Panel System is proposed which will solve these problems by self- cleaning, natural cooling, wind protection, solar tracking, easy installation. In these proposed methodology, self- cleaning features, natural cooling elevated design, wind protection system and dual-axis solar tracking system will be added to increase its overall efficiency by 40%. The proposed work is validated with the help of experimental prototype. Keywords - Solar energy, photovoltaic, solar tracking.
CROP PREDICTION AND PLANT LEAF DISEASE PREDICTION USING DEEP LEARNING
Authors: Sudarshan Dangat
Published: May 2022

As a rule, agribusiness is the foundation of India and furthermore assumes a significant part in the Indian economy by giving a specific level of a homegrown item to guarantee food security. Be that as it may, presently a- days, food creation and expectation is getting drained because of unnatural climatic changes, which will antagonistically influence the economy of ranchers by getting a helpless yield and furthermore assist the ranchers with staying less natural in anticipating the future harvests. This examination work helps the fledgling rancher in such a manner to direct them for planting the sensible yields by sending AI, one of the cutting edge innovations in crop forecast and illness expectation. CNN calculation advances in the manner to accomplish it. The seed information of the harvests is gathered here, with the proper boundaries like temperature, moistness, and dampness content, which assists the yields with accomplishing an effective development. Also as the product, a portable application for Android is being created. The clients are urged to enter boundaries like temperature and their area will be taken consequently in this application to begin the expectation interaction. Key Words: Deep Learning, Crop Prediction, Neural Network, Classification
AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SYSTEM IN AVIATION INDUSTRY DURING AIR TRANSPORTATION
Authors: ADHIKARI RAVI
Published: May 2022

The research starts with discussing the aircraft accident investigation which is defined as a process conducted for the purpose of accident prevention and focused on the circumstances of the accident including gathering, recording and analysing all of the available information, the drawing of conclusions, and the determination of accident causes . Despite the attitude and commitment to achieving the above purpose, accident investigations may become a cumbersome task associated with significant costs and uncertainty. This can potentially contribute to some accidents being assigned an unknown cause as seen in global aircraft accident statistics for the past 50 years. Thus, the investigation process has been subjected to constant review in order to improve its outcomes and to help enhance air traffic safety. This research work aims to contribute to this constant review process by examining possible methods of improving the efficiency of aircraft accident investigation. As a result, initially the question of how to comprehensively consider the complex investigation procedure was raised. The work concludes that an intuitive and interdisciplinary approach must be vital elements of any contemporary method used for establishing a set of priorities for further improvement of aircraft accident investigation. Hence, the interpolations methods, including an analysis of accident statistics and Delphi enquiry, are appropriate tools in analysing and drawing conclusions for further improving the investigation. The statistical data examined contained the number of accidents which occurred between 1950 and 2004 worldwide including accident distribution over the past, causal factors, and casualty count. The importance of statistics as a research tool has long been appreciated by ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) which sees accidents statistics as a tool for ‘understanding the past, explaining the present and planning for the future.
Book of Abstracts of the 3rd International Conference on Sustainable Futures: Environmental, Technological, Social and Economic Matters, Ukraine, 24-27 May 2022
Authors:   State Institution ",   The Institute of Environmental Geochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine"
Published: May 2022

The collection of conference materials is recommended for publication by the Academic Council of the State Institution “The Institute of Environmental Geochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine” (Kyiv), Minutes No. 5 dated 28.04.2022.
Societal problems in the novels of Kamala Markandaya with special reference to A Handful of Rice
Authors: Wani Showkat Hussain , Rasool Shahnawaz
Published: May 2022

Markandaya’s novels are pregnant with different themes and as a woman novelist her novels give us a glimpse of personal life as well.Markandaya’s novels give a glimpse of all such social issues that have roots in the Indian culture and are still existing in many rural Indian societies.A Handful of Rice is a bolt from blue by Kamala Markandaya to make the readers aware about the plight of people. The author depicts the trauma that people face because of hunger and starvation. The novelist highlights that hunger is the root cause of all social evils. It forces a person to go from bad to worse. This thing has been highlighted in the character of Ravi.
Feminism in the Novels of Kamala Markandaya with special reference to Nectar in a Sieve
Authors: Rasool Shahnawaz , Wani Showkat Hussain
Published: May 2022

Kamala Markandaya stands outstanding and aloof from all women writers.She is a distinguished woman novelist who ranks with eminent Indian English Novelists like Anita Desai, Mulk Raj Anand, Raja Rao etc. Markandaya‟s novels depict women as the centre of concern. She painted her novels with sufferings and hardships faced by women folk. Being a woman novelist, her debut novel Nectar in a Sieve and highlight the problems faced by Indian rural women. The major concern in her works is the identity crisis of women. Her novels are dominant with femininevoices and throw a massive light on the struggle of rural Indian wives.
Bioaugmentation of Pentachlorophenol by Pseudomonas mosseli HM627603 and P. putida HM627611 in secondary treated wastewater UVC254 inactivation
Authors:   Laboratory of Treatment and Valorization of Water Rejects, Center of Research and Technologies of Water (CERTE), Technopole Borj-Cédria, Tunisia, Tunisia, WERHENI AMMERI RIM ,   Eremology and Combating Desertification, Arid Regions Institute of Medenine, Tunisia, KLOULA SALMA ,   Laboratory of Treatment and Valorization of Water Rejects, Center of Research and Technologies of Water (CERTE), Technopole Borj-Cédria, Tunisia, Tunisia, MEHRI INES ,   Laboratory of Treatment and Valorization of Water Rejects, Center of Research and Technologies of Water (CERTE), Technopole Borj-Cédria, Tunisia, Tunisia, HASSEN WAFA ,   Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to the Environmental, APAE Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia, the University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia, HASSEN ABDENNACEUR
Published: May 2022

The accumulation of organic pollutants, pesticides, fertilizers, etc. causing critical health trouble to humans, animals, many aquatic ecosystems, and plants. This study evaluated the elimination of the pesticides as pentachlorophenol (PCP: 800 mg L−1) by bioaugmentation process in sterile secondary treated wastewater (STWW) and mineral salt medium (MSM). Also, the impact of surfactant addition (sodium dodecyl sulfate ‘SDS’ and Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide ‘CTAB’) in PCP elimination phenomena. The PCP rate in different treatments was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The bacteria biomass was measured through a spectroscopy approach at 600 nm optical density (OD600). The chloride rates were determinate through the calorimetric approach. In addition, the STWW disinfection was released through the UV radiation technique. The HPLC analysis confirmed that the strain P. mosseli HM627603 and P. putida HM627611 were able to tolerate and remove respectively 99.6 and 76.12% of PCP (800 mg. L-1). The chloride rates increased after 7 days in all treatments with a value of 0.64 to 3.12 g L-1 for P. mosseli HM627603 in MSM. The SDS surfactant induces an increase in the PCP elimination from STWW through P. putida HM627611. The bacterial inactivation became quicker within 80 seconds in sterile STWW supplemented with PCP at 800 mg L-1 for P. putida HM627611 tested in agar medium.
Effectiveness of Microfinance Based on Rational Mechanisms
Authors: ISHII Takaharu
Published: May 2022

This study examines the factors that determine whether microfinance borrowers borrow after being allocated individual and group loans through randomization in Mongolia. Efficiently increasing income and consumption through microfinance requires knowledge of the attributes that lead to borrowing and that increase income and consumption, by type of microfinance. The use of MTE reveals the heterogeneity of the borrowers. The results of MTE can help to design effective microfinance policies. The examined outcomes were the impacts on household income, business income, business expenditure, consumption, and food consumption. Furthermore, we investigated the impact on the poorest borrowers and obtained results that took into account the borrowing ratio instead of the borrowed amount. The analysis revealed the following results: first, there are borrowers who actively borrow and those who do not, and their characteristics are shown by microfinance type; second, there are different types of microfinance suitable for different borrowing purposes; third, a comparison between the poorest and less poor borrowers reveals different types of suitable microfinance; fourth, the attributes that increase income and consumption through borrowing differ for different groups. Group lending increases business income and business spending but reduces consumption. It was confirmed that when narrowing the sample to the poorest, the effect of increasing group lending was lost, but consumption increased. There are many cases in which the outcome increases in individual lending, but decreases in group lending, and vice versa.
Feasibility Analysis and Economic Viability of Standalone Hybrid Systems for Marudi Electrification in Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors:   Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia, Cheng Brendan Wong Zhi , Mehranzamir Kamyar , Nabipour Afrouzi Hadi ,   Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Science, Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak, 93350 Kuching, Malaysia, Hassan Ateeb
Published: May 2022

A hybrid renewable energy system is a feasible solution for off-grid electrification where grid electricity is not available due to economic or technical limitations. In this study, rural electrification is performed on a small longhouse settlement, Long Moh, in Sarawak, Malaysia, with a population of 308 from 70 households. Initially, a hybrid PV/Hydro/DG/Battery system is proposed due to the abundance of solar and hydro resources in the village. There have been a lot of studies based on PV/DG/Battery systems in Malaysia but less with the inclusion of hydropower. Through simulation and optimization process, the most optimal system in terms of Net Present Cost (NPC) is found to be a hybrid Hydro/DG/Battery system which provides a total NPC of $213,694.90, cost of electricity of $0.08/kWh, and operating cost of $9,495.56/year. The most environmentally friendly system is the proposed PV/Hydro/DG/Battery system due to less fuel consumption (12,863.63 L/year) and its high renewable penetration. The standalone diesel generator (DG) system was the least economic and most polluting system. The best system overall for rural electrification at the case study location is a hybrid Hydro/DG/battery system due to its relatively low NPC and emissions output compared to a standalone DG system.
Analysis of concrete T-girder using MIDAS
Authors: Verma Reenu , Meena Rahul Kumar , Anbukumar S.
Published: May 2022

The concept of pre-stressed concrete appeared in the year 1888. In this present engineering technology, durable and sustainable bridges play an important role for the socio-economic development of the nation. Owners and designers have long recognized the low initial cost, low maintenance needs and long-life expectancy of pre-stressed concrete bridges. This is reflected in the increasing market share of pre-stressed concrete, which has grown from zero in 1950 to more than 55 percent today. This growth continues very rapidly, not only for bridges in the short span range, but also for long spans with excessive length which, here therefore, has been nearly the exclusive domain of structural steel. Many bridge designers are surprised to learn that precast, pre-stressed concrete bridges are usually lower in first cost than all other types of bridges coupled with savings in maintenance, precast bridges offer maximum economy. The precast pre-stressed bridge system has offered two principal advantages: it is economical and it provides minimum downtime for construction.
A Study of Climate Change in Rajasthan and Its Impact on Flora and Fauna
Authors: Khanday Dr. Qysar Ayoub , Kumari Renu , Sharma Priya
Published: May 2022

Climate change, the greatest global challenge, is already a reality for the farmers of Rajasthan. It is increasing the pressure on already scarce resources and if proper measures are not taken, migration towards the cities will soon reach new heights. According to the Rajasthan State Action Plan on Climate Change (RAPCC) report by the Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board prepared with the help of a multi-disciplinary team of experts from TERI with support from GIZ says, 'enough is already known to start action'. And more than the factual situation the action plan that the report suggests is a writing on the wall for farmers.
Industrial Revolution and Deindustrialization of Indian History – An Overview
Authors: Kumari Renu , Sharma Priya , Khanday Dr. Qysar Ayoub
Published: May 2022

The idea that India suffered deindustrialization during the 19th century has a long pedigree. The image of skilled weavers thrown back on the soil was a powerful metaphor for the economic stagnation Indian nationalists believed was brought on by British rule. However, whether and why deindustrialization actually happened in India remains open to debate. Quantitative evidence on the overall level of economic activity in 18th and 19th century India is scant, let alone evidence on its breakdown between agriculture, industry, and services. Most of the existing assessments of deindustrialization rely on very sparse data on employment and output shares. Data on prices are much more plentiful, and this paper offers a new (price dual) assessment of deindustrialization in 18th and 19th century India supported by newly compiled evidence on relative prices. A simple model of deindustrialization links relative prices to employment shares. We think the paper sheds new light on whether and when deindustrialization happened, whether it was more or less dramatic in India than elsewhere, and what its likely causes were. The existing literature primarily attributes India’s deindustrialization to Britain’s productivity gains in textile manufacture and to the world transport revolution. Improved British productivity, first in cottage production and then in factory goods, led to declining world textile prices, making production in India increasingly uneconomic (Roy 2002). These forces were reinforced by declining sea freight rates which served to foster trade and specialization for both Britain and India. As a result, Britain first won over India’s export market and eventually took over its domestic market as well. This explanation for deindustrialization was a potent weapon in the Indian nationalists’ critique of colonial rule (see e.g. Dutt 1906/1960, Nehru 1947). The historical literature suggests a second explanation for deindustrialization in the economic malaise India suffered following the dissolution of Mughal hegemony in the 18th century. We believe the turmoil associated with this political realignment ultimately led to aggregate supply-side problems for Indian manufacturing, even if producers in some regions benefited from the new order. While deindustrialization is easy enough to define, an assessment of its short and long run impact on living standards and GDP growth is more contentious and hinges on the root causes of deindustrialization.
State regulation and tools for stimulating investment in manufacturing enterprises
Authors: Bryukhovetskaya Natalya Ye. , Buleev Yevhen
Published: May 2022

The article highlights the need to strengthen government intervention in the Ukrainian economy, which is justified by the deteriorating industrial potential, falling volumes of industrial production and the country’s growing dependence on imported products to safeguard the national security. The authors provide an overview of foreign experiences of using mechanisms of state regulation and various instruments for stimulating the investment activity of enterprises in Japan, USA, Germany, China and India. A list of measures is proposed that can help to restore industrial production on a new technological basis and significantly reduce the outflow of highly qualified specialists from Ukraine.
Integration processes and the development of industrial enterprises: an economic evaluation and optimization
Authors: Kudria Yaroslav
Published: May 2022

The article presents an application of cluster analysis to evaluate changes in the development of industrial enterprises and a comparison of their structural evolution. The author also describes how to optimize the economic evaluation of the state of development of industrial enterprises.
Machine-building enterprises in the Ukrainian economy: current trends
Authors: Liahovska Olena
Published: May 2022

The article highlights the main development trends in Ukrainian machine-building enterprises. Large and medium-sized machine-building enterprises were found to sell more products than small enterprises and had better profitability. It also shows the structure of investments in domestic machine-building enterprises, especially the share of multinational companies (MNCs) operating in Ukrainian machine-building industries. It identifies manufacturing specializations of MNCs and notes that most of them are intermediate manufacturers of components for leading automotive companies. The vast majority of machine-building MNCs in Ukraine are involved in what is known as toll manufacturing, which means that they process foreign components or raw materials. Considering the increasingly stronger competitive position of international companies in Ukraine, there is a need to develop the domestic machine industry so that it can compete both on the domestic and foreign markets.
The economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Ukrainian exports
Authors: Ryvak Nataliya
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected Ukrainian exports, exacerbating negative trends and causing exports of key Ukrainian goods to fall. Most of these negative trends were the result of shortcomings and challenges that had plagued Ukrainian exports even before the pandemic. Based on her research, the author proposes measures that can help to overcome the negative effects of the pandemic on Ukrainian exports. In her opinion, the main efforts should focus on strengthening the cooperation between institutions in order to support exports, particularly by expanding the range of available support tools, and on providing better access to financial resources.
Effect of Voriconazole on Biofilm of Filamentous Species Isolated from Keratitis
Authors: Fattahi Mahsa , Ghasemi Reza , Pinegina Olga , Bahrami Mohammad Mahdi , Hosseini Mahdi , Lotfali Ensieh
Published: May 2022

Background: Biofilm formation is a vital feature of the pathogenesis in filamentous fungi. Objectives: Herein, we investigated in vitro antifungal pattern of biofilm of filamentous species keratitis isolates, and the effect of different concentrations of voriconazole on biofilm morphology changes using scanning electron microscopy. Methods: Here 25 ocular fungal isolates were included (Fusarium solani; (n = 15) and Aspergillus flavus; (n = 10). We determined the biofilm formation of isolates in terms of their susceptibilities to different antifungals on sessile cells. This procedure was performed according to CLSI-M38-3rd. Biofilm morphology changes revealed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: Twelve F. solani strains displayed the capacity to form biofilms from patients wearing contact lenses, while 8 A. flavus strains were recovered from cornea scrapings of trauma. Itraconazole, posaconazole and natamycin had the maximum activity against biofilms of all tested filamentous strains (MIC ranging from 0.031 - 0.25 µg/mL, 0.031 - 0.25 µg/mL and 2 - 4 µg/mL), respectively. Three F. solani and one A. flavus strains showed the high MIC values against voriconazole (MIC ≥ 1 µg/mL). Posaconazole revealed the lowest MIC values against biofilms of two strains (MIC ranging from 0.031 - 0.25 µg/mL); however, no significant difference was observed for itraconazole (P > 0.05). The efficacy of 16 µg/mL and 4 µg/mL of voriconazole was confirmed for biofilm of F. solani and A. flavus, respectively. The considerable changes in the morphologies of improved biofilms were seen by SEM. Conclusions: For the successful treatment of fungal biofilm infections, it was necessary to have knowledge of the mechanism of action, penetration rates, and therapeutic concentrations of drugs.
Impact of Computerized Provider Order Entry on Chemotherapy Medication Errors: A Systematic Review
Authors: Afrash Mohammad Reza , Rabiei Reza , Hosseini Azamossadat , Salari Sina , Sepehri Mehdi
Published: May 2022

Context: Chemotherapy errors are considered the second most common cause of fatal medication errors (ME). Currently, computerized provider order entry (CPOE) is increasingly used to prevent or decrease ME and improve the safety of the medication process. Objectives: This study was conducted to systematically review the impacts of CPOE on the incidence of chemotherapy ME, the severity of errors, and adverse drug events (ADEs) in cancer care units. Data Sources: The literature search was conducted, using 5 databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect between 2000 and 2020. Search terms included keywords and MESH terms related to CPOE, ME, chemotherapy, and cancer care unit. Study Selection: Articles were included in this research if they investigated the CPOE system, reported ME, and were carried out in the oncology department. Non-English papers, duplications, review studies, and conference papers were excluded. Data Extraction: The selected papers were checked carefully and related data were extracted. All eligible articles were qualitatively evaluated with a tool provided by Downs. The extracted information included the author’s name, year of publication, study location, type of study, study objectives, and main findings. Results: A total of 829 studies were retrieved. Fourteen articles met the inclusion criteria. Ten studies (71%) reported the impact of CPOE on chemotherapy ME in comparison with the paper-based ordering method. In 4 studies (29%), researchers developed a CPOE for the oncology department, and the system was then assessed concerning user experience, safety challenges as well as the effects of CPOE on ME. Nine articles (64%) reported the impact of the CPOE system on ME only in the prescribing phase, and 5 studies (36%) examined ME in all phases of the chemotherapy process. Five studies (36%) reported the impact of the CPOE system on ADEs and the severity of errors. Conclusions: Implementing CPOE is associated with a significant reduction in ME in all phases of the chemotherapy process. However, the CPOE does not prevent all MEs and may cause new difficulties. The rigorous analysis of the chemotherapy process and considering the designing principles could help developing well-designed CPOEs and minimizing ME.
Correlation of Serum Ferritin, Vitamin D Levels, and Severity of Clinical Symptoms in Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Soroush Ali , Abdollahzad Hadi , Vaziri Siavash , Bazargan Shahrzad , Baharirad Nadya
Published: May 2022

: Nowadays, the world is experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic. Iron deficiency anemia and vitamin D deficiency are two of the world's most prevalent health problems. Severe COVID-19 patients were found with elevated serum ferritin and decreased vitamin D levels. There is a need to investigate the possible roles of micronutrients in the severity and mortality of COVID-19. This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 437 COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized from April to August 2020. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of the patients were collected. Medical experts determined the severity of the infection based on the severity of the clinical symptoms and the extent and degree of the lung infection. The data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software Version 16. The mean age of the participants was 60.74 ± 16.70 years old, and the most common comorbidities were diabetes type II (15.1%) and hypertension (12%). Shortness of breath (58.6%), anosmia (55.1%), and ageusia (45.1%) were the most common presenting symptoms. The mean serum vitamin D level was 28.86 ± 15.69 ng/mL, and vitamin D deficiency was found in 53% of patients. The mean serum ferritin level was 125.32 ± 97.99 for males and 302 ± 73.6 for females. Significant correlations were observed between serum vitamin D levels, lower oxygen saturation rate, and COVID–19 severity. A significant relationship was found between the serum ferritin levels and hospitalization duration (P < 0.05). Our findings indicated that COVID-19 patients treated in the hospital had a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D. The severity of the disease was increased in patients with vitamin D deficiency and elevated serum ferritin levels.
A Model for Psychological Distress Based on Insecure Attachment Mediated by Alexithymia in Students at Islamic Azad Universities in Tehran
Authors: Mahmoudi Mahsa , Saberi Hayedeh , Bashardoust Simin
Published: May 2022

Background: Individuals with alexithymia have a limited ability to adapt to stressful situations, leading to high levels of psychological distress, anxiety, and stress symptoms. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the role of insecure attachment in psychological distress within Islamic Azad Universities of Tehran in 2020 by mediating alexithymia. Methods: The structural equation modeling (SEM) was used as the primary research method in this study. The study population included all university students between 20- and 40-years old studying at the Islamic Azad Universities of Tehran in the 2019 - 20 academic year. A total of 305 students was selected as samples using the multi-stage cluster sampling method. Several research tools were used, including the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R), and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). The data were analyzed using a correlation matrix in SPSS statistical software version 24 and SEM in Amos-26. Results: The results indicated that the insecure attachment style had a direst positive effect on the states of psychological distress (anxiety, stress, and depression) (P < 0.001). Alexithymia also played a mediating role in insecure attachment affecting psychological distress (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Results revealed in the correlation between insecure attachment and states of psychological distress mediated by the alexithymia. Given the importance of attachment style and alexithymia in the development of anxiety, stress, and depression, therapists are recommended to take these variables into account.
Gender and Sports Practice are Related to the Perception of the Olympic Movement and Gender Equity in Sport
Authors: Munoz-Helu Hussein , Reynoso-Sánchez Luis Felipe , Noelia Cruz-Morales Karla , Korinna Zazueta-Beltran Diana , Abril Morales-Beltran Roxana , Garcia-Flores Juan Jose;
Published: May 2022

Background: The Olympic movement (OM) aims to preserve and promote the philosophy of Olympism and development of society through culture and sport, being gender equity in sport one of the main tasks of the OM since the late twentieth century. Objectives: Analyze the relationship between the levels of knowledge and perception about the OM on attitudes towards women's participation in sport in students of physical education and sport sciences. Methods: Cross-sectional research with correlational-descriptive scope was developed in which 35 subjects (17.1% female and 82.9% male; 21.1 ± 4.1 years) were part of the study. The Questionnaire on the Vision of Olympism and its Educational Repercussions and the Scale of Attitudes towards Women's Participation in Sport were applied. Comparison analyses were performed between sex, sports practice, and level of sports practice, as well as the relationship between the variables through nonparametric statistics considering a value of P < 0.05 as statistical significance. Results: The level of knowledge about Olympism was 6.14 (± 2.5). Significant differences were observed in attitudes towards women's participation in sport according to gender, sport practice and level of practice. In addition, it should be noted that gender equity, social support, and access for women in sport are not perceived at high levels. Finally, no significant relationships were found between the factors of both questionnaires. Conclusions: The students participating in the study present low levels of knowledge about Olympism; furthermore, they show differences in attitudes towards women's participation in sport according to gender and level of sport practice, evidencing the positive impact of sport practice and immersion in academic aspects related to sport for the improvement of the gender equity perspective within sport.
Professional Responsibility as a Response to Systematic Moral Ambiguity
Authors: Rocha James ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2022

There is something mysterious about what explains the foundations or grounding for professional responsibility. What grounds the distinct professional responsibility that an engineer, doctor, or lawyer has that is separate from their moral duties and legal requirements? I argue that professional responsibility can derive from a systematic response to ambiguities that occur within moral issues that arise for given professions. Moral problems can often be solved in different ways that are equally permissible, which I will say provides a “moral ambiguity.” Sometimes these moral ambiguities in professional settings require the same solutions across the profession because of the public’s legitimate expectations for uniformity. In such cases, professional organizations set professional responsibilities to provide a uniform set of duties to establish a necessary and predictable order.
Kolumbia – podbój i kolonizacja
Authors: Dobrzycki Wiesław
Published: May 2022

Niniejszy artykuł opisuje hiszpańskie podboje i kolonizację na terenach dzisiejszej Kolumbii. Autor kreśli sylwetki głównych konkwistadorów oraz opisuje reformy wprowa-dzane w nowo tworzonych koloniach. Reformy te zmierzały do stworzenia w koloniach bar-dziej humanitarnych stosunków, opartych na zasadach wiary katolickiej. Artykuł ukazał się w kwartalniku Ameryka Łacińska w roku 2003 w numerze 2 (40): 5-18. W założeniu autora stanowił fragment szerszej monografii dotyczącej historii Kolumbii.
Czynniki stabilizacji systemu politycznego w Meksyku w XXI w.
Authors: Oberda-Monkiewicz Anita
Published: May 2022

Artykuł przedstawia ewolucję wybranych elementów systemu politycznego w Meksyku wpływających na jego względną stabilizację i przewidywalność na tle pozostałych państw regionu. Dokonuje ich przeglądu z perspektywy zarówno historycznej, jak i współczesnej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem ich oddziaływań na proces kształtowania polityki państwa.
Wykoślawiona demokracja: dysfunkcjonalność parlamentaryzacji prezydenckiego systemu rządów w kontekście kryzysu politycznego w Peru
Authors: Łaciński Piotr
Published: May 2022

Od 2018 r. republika Peru znajduje się w stanie kryzysu politycznego. Kryzys ten przejawia się w trzech wymiarach: instytucjonalnym, przywództwa politycznego i kultury politycznej. Peru jest krajem niestabilnym, w którym okresy względnego spokoju politycznego przerywane są tendencjami autorytarnymi lub dysfunkcjami systemu demokratycznego. W niniejszym artykule analizuję dysfunkcjonalne cechy peruwiańskiego systemu politycznego, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem parlamentaryzacji prezydenckiego systemu rządów w tym kraju.
Poszukiwania zbrodniarzy wojennych i kolaborantów w Ameryce Łacińskiej w dokumentach polskich służb zagranicznych z lat 1945-1950
Authors: Ratke-Majewska Anna
Published: May 2022

Cel artykułu stanowiło ukazanie, w jaki sposób polska dyplomacja po II wojnie światowej wypełniała zadanie poszukiwania zbrodniarzy wojennych i kolaborantów w Ameryce Łacińskiej. W tekście przedstawione zostały główne kierunki aktywności, prezentowane w kontekście opisów działań podejmowanych przez służby zagraniczne w latach 1945-1950. W celu omówienia tematu przeanalizowano dokumenty Wydziału Ameryki Łacińskiej Departamentu III MSZ, zdeponowane w Archiwum Ministerstwa Spraw Zagranicznych w Warszawie.
„Dyktatura totalna”. Podstawy reżimu Rafaela Trujillo w Dominikanie (1930-1961)
Authors: Fatalski Marcin
Published: May 2022

Artykuł podejmuje zagadnienie podstaw reżimu Rafaela Trujillo w Dominikanie oraz polityki, która zapewniała długie trwanie dyktaturze. Przedmiotem rozważań są działania Trujillo, które zapewniły mu poparcie społeczne, w szczególności charakter prowadzonej przez reżim modernizacji społeczno-gospodarczej. Analiza społecznych podstaw dyktatury oraz zakresu jej kontroli nad państwem i społeczeństwem prowadzi do wniosku o wyraźnie totalitarnym charakterze dyktatury. Warunkiem ukształtowania przez reżim Trujillo w pełni totalitarnego modelu państwa było osiągnięcie wyższego poziomu rozwoju gospodarczego i zmiana struktury społecznej. Umiarkowana modernizacja oraz „totalny” charakter dyktatury zapewniły stabilne rządy Trujillo przez trzy dekady. W tym kontekście analizowany jest potencjał ruchu rewolucyjnego, który skłonił USA do poparcia zamachu na dyktatora.
Detective, Historian, Reader: Alternate History and Alternative Fact in William Gibson’s The Peripheral
Authors: Morgan Glyn
Published: May 2022

Alternate history is on one level liberated from the narrative of history and verifiable fact, but it is also mercilessly reliant upon that narrative for its effectiveness. This paper analyses how William Gibson’s The Peripheral subverts familiar elements of the alternate history genre, combining it with similarly distorted conventions from detective fiction, manipulating the reader’s response, and causing them to question accepted truths, realities and roles, problematizing narratives of history and justice.
Estimation of light-matter coupling constant under dispersive interaction based on quantum Fisher information
Authors: Niu Ming-Li , Wang Yue-Ming , Li Zhi-Jian ,   Institute of Theoretical Physics, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
Published: May 2022

Quantum parameter estimation is one of the most important applications in quantum metrology. The basic theory of quantum parameter estimation－quantum Cramer-Rao bound－shows that the precision limit of quantum parameter estimation is directly related to quantum Fisher information. Therefore quantum Fisher information is extremely important in the quantum parameter estimation. In this paper we use quantum parameter estimation theory to estimate the coupling constant of the Jaynes-Cummings model with large detuning. The initial probing state is the direct product state of qubit and radiation field in which Fock state, thermal state and coherent state are taken into account respectively. We calculate the quantum Fisher information of the hybrid system as well as qubit and radiation field for each probing state after the parameter evolution under the Hamiltonian of the Jaynes-Cummings model with large detuning. The results show that the quantum Fisher information increases monotonically with the average photon number increasing. The optimal detection state is that when the qubit system is in the equal weight superposition of the ground and the excited state, at this time the quantum Fisher information always reaches a maximum value, When the radiation field of probing state is Fock state or the thermal state, the information about the estimated parameter is included only in the qubit. The estimation accuracy of the coupling constant with thermal state or coherent state is higher than that with Fock state.
High-efficient analysis of metal target electromagnetics above the half-space based on mixed field integral equation
Authors: Yuan Qian , Zhou Pei-Yang , He Zi , Chen Xue-Wen , Ding Da-Zhi ,   School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China,   Wuhan National Research Center for Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
Published: May 2022

A new acceleration method is proposed for efficiently solving the problem of electromagnetic scattering from metal targets in half-space. The analysis of electromagnetic problems in any structure can be settled by the electric field integral equation. But the generated matrix condition number is large and the iterative solution has poor convergence. The number of the matrix condition generated by the magnetic field integral equation is small and iterative convergence is good. But only the closed structure problems can be worked out. The combined field integral equation is adopted because of the universality of the electric field integral equation and the convergence of the magnetic field integral equation. The gradient term of Green's function is involved in the integral equation of the mixed field. In order to further enhance the calculation efficiency, an efficient four-dimensional spatial interpolation method is introduced for half-space Green's function. Tabulation and lagrange interpolations are performed in the Sommerfeld integrals for the half-space Green's function. The improved efficiency can be 7.5 times higher than that of the traditional combined field integral equation(CFIE). Numerical results show that the computational time can be reduced significantly by the proposed method with encouraging accuracy.
Huygens’ principle derived by using momentum reciprocity theorem of electromagnetic field
Authors: Liu Guo-Qiang , Liu Jing ,   Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China,   School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Published: May 2022

The classical reciprocity theorem of electromagnetic field proposed by Lorentz H.A. in 1896 is one of the important theories of electromagnetics. The Lorentz reciprocity theorem is widely used in many fields such as communication, antenna signal transmission, and electromagnetic imaging. The Lorentz reciprocity theorem is an “energy-based” reciprocity theorem. Over the past hundred years, some new reciprocity theorems of electromagnetic field have been discovered, including reciprocity theorems in frequency domain and time domain. In 2020, Lindell et al. extended the concept of the 'Rumsey reaction' in a differential form to include both the Lorentz force density reaction term and the power density reaction term. In the same year, Liu et al. derived the momentum reciprocity theorem from the Maxwell's equations. The momentum reciprocity theorem, like the Lorentz reciprocity theorem, can be used for both theoretical analysis and practical applications. Huygens’ principle is usually derived by the Lorentz reciprocity theorem. In this paper, the momentum reciprocity theorem is employed to derive the Huygens’ principle.
OKMC simulation of matrix defect evolution of Fe-C Alloy under irradiation
Authors: Shen Zi-Qin , Ai De-Sheng , Lü Sha-Sha , Gao Jie , Lai Wen-Sheng , Li Zheng-Cao ,   Nuclear and New Energy Institute, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China,   Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China,   Key Laboratory of Beam Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Published: May 2022

The effects of carbon traps in Fe-C alloys on matrix defects and the evolutions of matrix defects in Fe-C alloys under irradiation are investigated in this paper. The object kinetic Monte Carlo (OKMC) modeling is used to establish a bridge between the micro-computational simulation data and the macro-experimental data. The simulation results verify the evolution of the carbon (C)-vacancy (Vac) complex under ideal conditions, and at relatively low temperatures, the complex is mainly C-Vac2. Under the assumption of complex traps, the evolution of matrix defects in Fe-C systems under irradiation is simulated in this work. It is verified that the carbon vacancy complex has an obvious trapping effect on matrix defects, and the simulation results of evolution simulation of matrix defects in the Fe-C system under irradiation are consistent with the experimental results. Furthermore, the effective approximate parameters used in the simulation are compared and discussed. The present research can provide a basic support for the research on the evolution of iron-based alloy irradiation defects.
Cryogenic blackbody calibration source for superconducting terahertz detectors
Authors: Wu Man-Jin , Yao Bo-Zhi , Shi Li-Li , Chen Ben-Wen , Wu Jing-Bo , Zhang Cai-Hong , Jin Biao-Bing , Chen Jian , Wu Pei-Heng ,   Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China,   Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing 211111, China
Published: May 2022

Blackbody radiation source has been widely used as a calibration source for terahertz (THz) radiometers in recent decades with the applications of THz detection technology in the fields of aerospace, astronomy and remote sensing. We develop a THz blackbody calibration source capable of working in the cryogenic environment and having adjustable radiation power for the calibration of THz superconducting detectors. The ideal blackbody source has an emissivity and absorptivity of 1 and the reflectance coefficient is used to indirectly characterise the performance of the developed blackbody source. In this work, we use a mixture of epoxy, catalyst, carbon black and glass beads as blackbody absorbing material. The real part and imaginary part of the complex dielectric constant of Berkeley blackbody material are extracted from the THz time-domain spectra, and its reflection coefficient is measured. We use this material to design a conical blackbody radiation source , and simulate it as well. The simulation result show that it has low reflectivity below –35 dB in a frequency range of 0.2–0.5 THz. We fabricate a conical blackbody radiation source that is mounted in a dilution refrigerator, and use filters and light-guiding systems to make the detector for measuring the radiation by the THz light of a specific wavelength. The radiation power can be tuned by changing its temperature. The relationship between radiation power and temperature shows a power tuning range of 10–12–10–9 W in the frequency range of 0.2–0.5 THz with a minimum power value of 2.13 × 10–12 W. The designed blackbody radiation source can meet the calibration requirements of THz superconducting detectors, and will contribute to the development and application of highly sensitive THz radiometers.
Research on terahertz real-time near-field spectral imaging
Authors: Feng Long-Cheng , Du Chen , Yang Sheng-Xin , Zhang Cai-Hong , Wu Jing-Bo , Fan Ke-Bin , Jin Biao-Bing , Chen Jian , Wu Pei-Heng ,   Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China,   Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing 211111, China
Published: May 2022

In this paper, a real-time near-field high-resolution THz (terahertz, THz) spectral imaging system is designed and built by using optical rectification and wave-front tilting to generate strong-field terahertz signals and based on electro-optical detection. The system can switch between large beam THz imaging and tight-focusing THz imaging, which provides a method for implementing the integrated application of the system. Since the imaging is based on the traditional THz time-domain spectroscopy method, the spectral amplitude and phase information of the sample can be obtained simultaneously. The spectral resolution is about 15 GHz. A series of micromachining samples is measured and studied by using the system, and the performance of the imaging system is analyzed by using the micron structure. The results show the superiority of the real-time high-resolution terahertz spectral imaging system in terms of spatial resolution and imaging speed. The real-time imaging frame rate is up to 20 f/s (1200 frames/min) at 1024 pixel × 512 pixel. In the large-field THz imaging, the optimal spatial resolution reaches λ/4 at 1.5 THz. In the tightly focused THz imaging, the optimal spatial resolution reaches λ/12 at 0.82 THz. These properties make the system suitable for the applications in biomedical imaging, bbological effects and other areas .