bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kesantunan Berbahasa dalam Dakwah Multikultural
Authors: Herniti Ening , Budiman Arif , Kusumawati Aning Ayu
Published: March 2019

Politeness is reflected in the use of verbal sign. Politeness is also found in multicultural dawah. Multicultural dawah means to summon or invite people of different cultural backgrounds to learn more about Islam, but its deliverance does not offend, hurt, obtrude, or impose its audiences. This paper describes the politeness indicators and supporting values of politeness in multicultural dakwah. The data were taken form youtube, documented by data transcription, and then analyzed by using theory of politeness. The conclusion of this study shows that these multicultural dawah obey the politeness indicators such as angon rasa, adu rasa, empan papan, humility, respect, tepa selira, diction of "sorry", "thank you', and greeting "Sir/Madam". However, in these multicultural dakwah, there were also found the disobediences of the politeness indicators. This disobediences are due to the usage of inappropriate dictions. The supporting values of politeness include humility, empan papan,keep the feeling and attitude of introspection.
POLA ARGUMEN PARAGRAF ARGUMENTATIF PADA ARTIKEL JURNAL TERAKREDITASI BIDANG EKONOMI (PERSPEKTIF STEPHEN TOULMIN)
Authors: Setyaningsih Yuliana
Published: March 2019

This research is aimed at finding patterns of arguments of argumentative paragraphs in the discussion parts of accredited economic journal articles. The research result shows that patterns of arguments can be differetiated into six, namely (1) Claim-Data; (2) Claim–Data 1–Data 2; (3) Data–Claim; (4) Data 1 – Data 2 – Claim; (5) Data 1– Data 2 – Data 3 – Data 4 – Data 5- Warrant – Claim; (6) Data 1 – Data 2 – Claim – Data 3 – Data 4 – Data 5. Thus it can be concluded that argument patterns of economic journal articles must be continuously increased. The effort of increasing quality of journal articles is considered urgent since Indonesian scientists who contribute ideas through writing journal articles will automatically increase scientific participation in the academic realm broadly.
PEMAKAIAN BAHASA INDONESIA PADA MASYARAKAT PESISIR DI DESA PUGER WETAN KABUPATEN JEMBER (SUATU TINJAUAN ETNOGRAFI KOMUNIKASI)
Authors: Setyari Agustina Dewi , Poedjosoedarmo Soepomo , Wijana I Dewa Putu
Published: March 2019

Puger Wetan Village is one of coastal villages in Jember district. Puger Wetan is a multiethnic village of Javanese, Maduranese, Mandarese and Usingese. In order to communicate with each other, those etnics need a communicating language. That language is Indonesian language. Athough it’s not the main language, Indonesian is used in educational and goverment areas in Puger Wetan. This reasearch explores how Indonesia language is used within socio-cultural bacgrounds, including social economic system. This is a descriptive qualitative research. The data is analized with communication ethnography theory. This reasearch does not only analyze the language perspective (verbal and nonverbal) but also sociocultural perspective of local people, who used the language as an interactive tool. The communication component, in Poedjosoedarmo’s terms, is the word from the term of OOEMAUBICARA. The result shows that the use of Indonesian in the area of government is coneveyed at three occasions between spoker and hearer, (1) The meeting among government officials, (2) The meeting between government officials and the People, and (3) The meeting between government officials and the guest (unknown persons). The use of Indonesian in the realm of educations conducted at four points of utterances, namely (1) within the board of teachers, (2) with the parents, (3) with guest of other institutions, and (4) within the teaching and learning in the Classroom. Factors that leads to the use of Indonesian in the realm of governance and education are (1) an official situation and (2) a relationship between speakers who are not familiar to each other.
Theoretical and Conceptual Framework of Access to Financial Services by Farmers in Emerging Economies: Implication for Empirical Analysis
Authors: Awunyo-Vitor Dadson
Published: March 2019

This paper presents a discussion on the theoretical and conceptual framework on issues relating to access to financial services. The discussion begins by providing details of various theories that underpin the demand and supply side of access to financial services. The supply dimension of access to financial services is guided by the information asymmetry theory and the transaction cost theory, while the key demand dimension theories are the delegated monitoring theory and the rational choice theory. In the later sections, a conceptual framework was developed for the empirical evaluation of access to financial services and its impact on productivity with particular reference to farmers in emerging economies. The last section provides the concluding remarks, which recommends the use of empirical analyses to access factors influencing access and the impact of the access to farmers’ productivity.
Bank Capital, Operating Efficiency, and Corporate Performance in Nigeria
Authors: Salami Abdulai Agbaje , Uthman Ahmad Bukola
Published: March 2019

This study examines the impact of bank capital and operating efficiency on the Nigerian deposit money bank financial performance with a view to resolving risk-based and non-risk-based capitals’ dichotomy existing in the bank literature. Using bank-specific data obtained from the annual reports and accounts of 15 banks listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange between 2012 and 2015, the panel data regression analyses revealed the superiority of standard capital ratio of equity-to-total-assets, a non-risk-based capital, over other measures. While all measures, both risk-based and non-risk-based capitals, showed significantly positive effects on bank performance as measured by return-on-asset, mixed results were obtained from other indicators: return-on-equity and net-interest-margin. Overall, only equity-to-total-assets influenced all adopted performance indicators positively. It was also found that operating efficiency measured by cost-to-income ratio had negative impact on bank performance, but on the average it appeared too high. Thus, incorporating the standard capital ratio of equity-to-total assets into regulatory regime by the banks’ regulator is recommended to ensure its relevance is not overshadowed.
El principio de buen gobierno que pretende la Ley Gallega de Transparencia
Authors: Calvo López Patricia
Published: March 2019

La aprobación de la LGT, de 18 de enero, de transparencia y buen gobierno de Galicia impone estudiar cada uno de los conceptos y contenidos que habrán de aplicarse desde su entrada en vigor. La LGT se refiere tanto al principio de transparencia como al de buen gobierno. Este trabajo se centra en el segundo, para tratar de advertir cuál es el principio de buen gobierno que pretende la LGT a través del estudio de los concretos contenidos que comprende. Para esta labor, se procede a analizar los Títulos II y III de la Ley, comparándolos con la normativa autonómica en materia de buen gobierno que deroga esta nueva regulación como también con la norma básica estatal LETAI.
Unusual Drug Fever Caused by Imipenem/Cilastatin and a Review of Literature
Authors: Yang Jie , Wang Qing , Wang Suyu , Zhang Yufeng , Wang Zhinong
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Drug fever is a febrile reaction caused by initiation of one drug or varieties of drugs and often disappears after cessation of the drug(s). Clinically, drug fever is frequently induced by antibiotics, anticonvulsants, and antineoplastics. There are few previous reports about drug fever caused by imipenem/cilastatin.
Case Presentation: Here, we described a 66-year-old man undergoing the Ivor Lewis esophagectomy for esophageal carcinoma, who developed drug fever. The patient had a high temperature with shivering after administration of imipenem/cilastatin for 7 days. Furthermore, his temperature came down after discontinuing imipenem/cilastatin and receiving steroids. Body temperature increased rapidly 4 hours after intravenous readministration of imipenem/cilastatin and rapidly decreased to normal after discontinuing imipenem/cilastatin and administering steroids.
Conclusion: Thorough history, blood tests, physical examination, and computed tomography (CT) did not reveal any evidence of fever. Drug fever caused by imipenem/cilastatin was considered. We also present a review of relevant literature and provide a point of reference for the clinical diagnosis and therapy of patients with drug fever.
Senųjų baltiškųjų Enchiridiono vertimų paralelės: dėl pasiutimo formos (vok. ӡu f luchen bewegt)
Authors: Dini Pietro Umberto
Published: March 2019

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English]

The aim of this paper is to investigate how the expression ʒu fluchen bewegt (in the context: [Ich...] habe ſie erʒrnet und ʒu f luchen bewegt), found in the chapter on Confession in the Small Catechism by M. Luther, was rendered in the Old Prussian, Old Lithuanian and Old Latvian translations.The usage and semantics of this expression, as well as the different strategies employed by translators in each language for its respective translation, are studied in a contrastive way and by means of the hermeneutic method.Abel Will’s work was probably exposed to different impulses, among them literality and iconism. His translation process could be influenced both by the phonetic and semantic vicinity between the German Woge, bewegen and bewegt ~ bewogen. Contrastive examples in other languages are also given. According to the author, in the case of the OPr. word pobanginnos, A. Will created a Lehnschöpfung, a fact that reveals a subtle interference with the German language.
Laiko sakiniai su kuomet senojoje ir dabartinėje lietuvių kalboje
Authors: Pajėdienė Jūratė
Published: March 2019

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English]

This article discusses the usage of subordinate clauses of time with kuomet in Old Lithuanian and Modern Lithuanian. The morphosyntactic structure of time clauses with kuomet, recorded in old Lithuanian writings (both translations and original texts), is rather similar: they are usually employed to emphasize the exceptionality of a certain moment or situation; therefore, they use negatives or other syntactic means that highlight exceptionality rather frequently, whereas time clauses with kuomet become an important part of the argumentative discourse. Situational, semantic and positional models of time clauses containing kuomet show that kuomet used in the time clauses of old Lithuanian writings meets all the necessary parameters of an adverbial subordinator. The usage of time clauses with kuomet in the original works of the authors of the old writings attributed to different dialects – Jonas Bretkūnas, Zacharijus Blothnas and Konstantinas Sirvydas – prevents us from considering kuomet as a dialecticism. The time clauses with kuomet used in Modern Lithuanian are also used to describe the situations of two actions that are related to exceptionality and the importance of a special moment. This enables us to define kuomet as a traditionally inherited adverbial subordinator of time clauses and to stop doubting the grammatical and contextual suitability of this subtype of time clauses for Modern Lithuanian.
Examining the accuracy of positioning using selected smartphone applications
Authors: Kuboń Natalia , Plewako Marek
Published: March 2019

The paper presents the results of situational measurements of 6 points of a test grid in twodimensional space. Measurements were made using 8 selected smartphone applications: Precise
GPS, MapIt, Turbo GPS, Coordinator +, GPS Test, Precision GPS Free, GGRS87, and Mobile
Topographer. Based on the Δx and Δy values obtained as differences in measurement results
and reference coordinates, it was possible to determine that the mean values of these differences
remain at the level of ± 2 m, although individual differences assume smaller and larger values.
One of the applications generated the results classified in the error theory as errors of gross type.
Evaluation of concrete made with stone and brick aggregate using non-destructive testing
Authors: Thapa Sheetal , Halder Lipika , Dutta Sekhar Chandra , Kumar Sumit
Published: March 2019

The quality of concrete can be primarily judged by its compressive strength. Numerous methods of non-destructive testing (NDT) have been developed to approximate the compressive strength of in situ concrete. Schmidt's rebound hammer and ultrasonic pulse velocity methods are frequently used. In the study reported in this paper, both methods were applied and correlated with destructive testing of concrete. The focus of the study was on developing the NDT relationships for concrete made with coarse aggregates consisting of different mixtures of stone and brick aggregates. The correlation between Young's modulus (static, dynamic and shear) and longitudinal pulse velocity was also incorporated for evaluating complete features of the concrete. A number of experiments followed by statistical analyses was made to achieve the same result.
Tanítójelöltek testneveléssel kapcsolatos szemlélete egy összehasonlító vizsgálat tükrében
Authors: Kiss Zoltán , Szabó Eszter
Published: March 2019

The attitude towards physical education of pedagogues who work as teachers may determine and influence the quality of teaching this subject. For this reason we examined the teaching candidates’ attitude towards physical education as a subject from different angles, which might have an influence directly and indirectly on their future work - in the case of choosing this profession.The structure of the research was based on an attitude-scale survey in which the students were asked to indicate the level of their agreement or disagreement with previously formulated statements. This pattern of the research was completed by 676 students in the teaching programme from 6 institutions, from each year and cultural domain within the faculty. From the answers it can be clearly stated that students consider physical education to be important, although in terms of professional-like questions they tend to be indecisive. The results were compared with respect to gender and cultural domain. The opinion of different genders showed great similarity, however the comparison of cultural domain seemed to have divergence, especially concerning those with physical education as their cultural domain.The results draw attention to such quintessential phenomena that would be worth treating more emphatically regarding both theoretical and practical training. In order to provide students a background knowledge that contributes to success with regards to their work - also in the field of physical education -, a deliberate way of treating this previous information must be of crucial concern.
Konstruktivizmus és digitalizáció
Authors: Szabó László András
Published: March 2019

I believe that digital public education is not an omnipotent panacea, however, it is rather desirable and an aim to be achieved. A new pedagogical road, which has many benefits, but equally has a lot of (new) potholes. For me, the (radical) constructivism offered reasonable explanations for these. My writing aims to illustrate the key features of its approach in the light of my experience, as well as the interaction and relationship I have seen with the public education towards digitization. My aim is to make the area more relevant and familiar with images, stories and analogies. I close my writing by presenting my connected research on the topic which was supported by the ÚNKP-17-1 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry of Human Capacities.
Élménypedagógia a Kaposvári Pécsi Utcai Általános Iskolában
Authors: Tarsoly Zsófia Dóra
Published: March 2019

In this work I would like to present my researches made in Pécsi Street Primary School, Kaposvár, where we are improving the pupils’ social competences with the methodology of experiential education.The researches were made in Pécsi Street Primary School, Kaposvár, in years 2-4, twice in every semester with the cooperation of the classes’ form masters.As a result so far it can be said that pupils are more enthusiastic about these activities, making contact with their mates and more efficient in communicating with each other.
Az információs és kommunikációs rendszer működésének hatékonysága: hallgatói elégedettségmérés
Authors: Kovács Cintia , Major Lenke , Horák Rita , Námesztovszki Zsolt , Pintér Krekity Valéria
Published: March 2019

In our study we examine the information and communication system of the Hungarian Language Teacher Training Faculty of the University of Novi Sad in the light of the students’ satisfaction. A total of 1019 tutor and teacher trainees were satisfied with the communication system between teachers and students, with the available resources of information, and with the operation and efficiency of traditional and advanced teaching tools. On the basis of the results, students are satisfied with the availability of compulsory and recommended literature, and the use of modern teaching materials for all of the subject groups that were studied. They consider the resources of available information at the university, the library resources, and the electronic tools to be adequate. They are also satisfied with the possibilities to take part in consultations.
Ege Denizi İçin Eşkina Balığı’nın (Sciaena umbra Linnaeus, 1758) Maksimum Boy Kaydı
Authors: CENGİZ Özgür , KIZILKAYA Bayram , PARUĞ Şükrü Şenol
Published: March 2019

Bu çalışma Ocak 2013-Aralık
2013 tarihleri arasında Saros Körfezi’nde yürütülmüştür. Maksimum boya sahip
bir adet eşkina balığı (41.7 cm toplam boy ve 1100.00 gr toplam ağırlık) 20
Nisan 2013 tarihinde balıkçılar tarafından İbrice Limanı (Saros Körfezi)
açıklarında olta ile yakalanmıştır. Tüm bireyler için ağırlık-boy ilişkisi W =
0.0268TL2.79 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, türün Ege Denizi için
maksimum boy kaydını sunmaktır.
Evaluation of platelet-rich plasma on infraorbital dark circles by using the FACE-Q scales
Authors: Ozer Kadri , Colak Ozlem
Published: March 2019

Background: Infraorbital dark circles, also referred to as idiopathic cutaneous hyperchromia of the orbital region, periorbital melanosis, periorbital hyperpigmentation or infraorbital pigmentation, is a common condition frequently observed in dark-skinned patients, but has little data in scientific literature. We aimed to discuss our results of PRP procedure in the treatment of infraorbital dark circles using objective scales based on patient satisfaction and the quality of life.

Methods: Between 2016 and 2017, 9 patients complaining of infraorbital darkness were included who underwent 3 sessions of platelet-rich plasma injection. The outcome was determined by the difference in pre- and post- procedure FACE-Q modules which were designed as patient-reported outcome instrument to evaluate the unique outcomes of patients undergoing facial cosmetic procedures. Surveys conducted were modules of satisfaction with facial appearance, satisfaction with skin, psychological function, social function, aging appearance appraisal and satisfaction with outcome.

Results: All patients were followed up a minimum of 9 months. No major complications were recorded. Only transient ecchymosis and edema were seen in all patients who were improved during follow-up. The patient-reported FACE-Q satisfaction and FACE-Q quality of life pre- and post- procedure results showed statistically significant improvement (<0.05). Overall satisfaction with outcome was 83.33±16.25 (range 63–100).

Conclusions: PRP as a potent source of growth factors, can be seen as a safe, biocompatible, autologous and appropriate treatment modality for the dark eye circles formed in lower eye regions which can increase the quality of patients’ lives in terms of social and psychological function.
Concepções sobre o curso de enfermagem de uma universidade pública: opinião dos docentes
Authors: Gonçalves Jurema Ribeiro Luiz , Costa Nara Dos Santos , Santos Álvaro Da Silva , Pedrosa Leila Aparecida Kauchakje , Romanato Camila Cristina Neves , Ferreira Maysa Alvarenga , Ignacio Daniela Sarreta , Guimarães Mariana Mila , Nunes Judete Silva , Oliveira Ryanne Agnes Souza Silva de , Sabino Fabiano Henrique Oliveira , Lazarini Fernanda Lemos , Ferreira Bruna Claudia Pansani , Silveira Júlia Cristina Molina , Caetano Ketry Kellen Prado
Published: March 2019

A pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar e descrever a opinião dos docentes enfermeiros sobre a estrutura curricular de um curso de graduação em enfermagem, e sua relação com os serviços de saúde do município. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, cuja coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevistas individuais, em reunião do Colegiado de Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem, no mês de outubro de 2017, motivada pela execução do PET-GraduaSUS do Ministério da Saúde, ocorrida entre 2015 e 2017. Foram entrevistados 15 docentes. Os dados foram analisados por meio do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Emergiram quatro discursos, dos quais, entre vários aspectos, se destacou a necessidade de se romper o modelo tradicionalista de ensino, redução de burocracias, e maior interação com os serviços de saúde, sobretudo hospitalar, já que se o percebe mais na atenção primária. Verificou-se a necessidade de diálogo para a reestruturação dos modelos curriculares dos cursos de graduação em saúde, no geral, e em específico, do de Enfermagem, na busca de uma formação mais qualificada.
Gatunki wypowiedzi w kontekście glottodydaktycznym
Authors: Dunin-Dudkowska Anna
Published: March 2019

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie osiągnięć genologii, które mogłyby zostać wykorzystane w glottodydaktyce polonistycznej. Wychodząc z założenia, że gatunki są wytworami kultury, ucząc cudzoziemców języka polskiego, należy zapoznawać ich z wzorcami gatunkowymi typowymi dla rodzimych użytkowników polszczyzny. Opis wzorca, zgodnie z koncepcją Marii Wojtak, obejmuje cztery aspekty opisu: strukturalny, pragmatyczny, poznawczy i stylistyczny. Realizacje wypowiedzi gatunkowych mogą przybierać formę wariantu kanonicznego, wariantów alternacyjnych lub adaptacyjnych. W artykule przeanalizowano kilka popularnych podręczników do nauki jpjo pod kątem nauczania gatunków wypowiedzi. W większości prac przeważa nauczanie aspektu strukturalnego i stylistycznego wzorca, z mniejszą uwagą zwróconą na aspekt pragmatyczny i ontologiczny opisu.
Stopień opanowania sprawności pisania u studenta z dysfunkcją słuchu – studium przypadku
Authors: Ruta-Korytowska Karolina
Published: March 2019

Celem artykułu jest opis wybranych trudności, których doświadczał student z wadą słuchu w zakresie tworzenia tekstów w języku polskim. Materiał badawczy pochodzi z prac niedosłyszącego studenta Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, który uczęszczał na fakultatywne zajęcia z praktycznej znajomości języka polskiego.
A Brief Review of Non-Avian Reptile Environmental DNA (eDNA), with a Case Study of Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta) eDNA under Field Conditions
Authors: Adams Clare I. M. , Hoekstra Luke A. , Muell Morgan R. , Janzen Fredric J.
Published: March 2019

Environmental DNA (eDNA) is an increasingly used non-invasive molecular tool for detecting species presence and monitoring populations. In this article, we review the current state of non-avian reptile eDNA work in aquatic systems, as well as present a field experiment on detecting the presence of painted turtle (Chrysemys picta) eDNA. Thus far, turtle and snake eDNA studies have been successful mostly in detecting the presence of these animals in field conditions. However, some instances of low detection rates and non-detection occur for these non-avian reptiles, especially for squamates. We explored this matter by sampling lentic ponds with different densities (0 kg/ha, 6 kg/ha, 9 kg/ha, and 13 kg/ha) of painted turtles over three months, attempting to detect differences in eDNA accumulation using a qPCR assay. Only one sample of the highest density pond readily amplified eDNA. Yet, estimates of eDNA concentration from pond eDNA were rank-order correlated with turtle density. We present a “shedding hypothesis”–the possibility that animals with hard, keratinized integument do not shed as much DNA as mucus-covered organisms–as a potential challenge for turtle eDNA studies. Despite challenges with eDNA inhibition and availability in water samples, we remain hopeful that eDNA can be used to detect freshwater turtles in the field. We provide key recommendations for biologists wishing to use eDNA methods for detecting non-avian reptiles.
Super Field-of-View Lensless Camera by Coded Image Sensors
Authors: Nakamura Tomoya , Kagawa Keiichiro , Torashima Shiho , Yamaguchi Masahiro
Published: March 2019

A lensless camera is an ultra-thin computational-imaging system. Existing lensless cameras are based on the axial arrangement of an image sensor and a coding mask, and therefore, the back side of the image sensor cannot be captured. In this paper, we propose a lensless camera with a novel design that can capture the front and back sides simultaneously. The proposed camera is composed of multiple coded image sensors, which are complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor~(CMOS) image sensors in which air holes are randomly made at some pixels by drilling processing. When the sensors are placed facing each other, the object-side sensor works as a coding mask and the other works as a sparsified image sensor. The captured image is a sparse coded image, which can be decoded computationally by using compressive-sensing-based image reconstruction. We verified the feasibility of the proposed lensless camera by simulations and experiments. The proposed thin lensless camera realizes super field-of-view imaging without lenses or coding masks, and therefore can be used for rich information sensing in confined spaces. This work also suggests a new direction in the design of CMOS image sensors in the era of computational imaging.
Rural Development Dimension of Agriculture Policy: A Case of Nepal
Authors: Chalise Ganesh Prasad , Ghimire Kiran , Dhungel Sujan , GC Arun
Published: March 2019

The majority of the population in developing countries resides in the rural area. Development itself cannot address the challenges of the rural area since its economic, political and environmental landscape is different from an urban area. The paper attempts to assess the rural dimension aspect of Nepali Agriculture Policy since rural development and agricultural development is closely resembled due to an agrarian-based economy of the country and a large rural population. Therefore, a critical review of National Agriculture Policy, 2004 (NAP-2004) was carried out under “Commercialization of Agriculture”, “Food Security”, “Rural Infrastructure”, “Gender”, “Climate Change” and “Social Inclusion” thematic area. The results showed that NAP-2004 satisfactorily address rural development albeit ample space for improvement. The findings of the paper could be beneficial to policymakers and development workers in the field of rural development and agriculture along with academicians having interest in it.
Crónica de un siglo de salud pública en México: de la salubridad pública a la protección social en salud
Authors: Gómez-Dantés Octavio , Frenk Julio
Published: March 2019

En este artículo se describen la creación de los marcos legales y el origen, crecimiento y consolidación de las instituciones e intervenciones (iniciativas, programas, políticas) que han conformado la salud pública moderna en México. También se discuten los esfuerzos recientes por hacer universal la protección social en salud. Esta gesta, que duró un siglo, se fue abriendo paso a través de tres generaciones de reformas que dieron lugar a un sistema de salud que hoy ofrece protección contra riesgos sanitarios, protección de la calidad de la aten­ción y protección financiera a los habitantes de todo el país.
Relación entre niveles de actividad física y sedentarismo con síndrome metabólico. ENS Chile 2009-2010
Authors: Cristi-Montero Carlos , Sadarangani Kabir P , Garrido-Méndez Alex , Poblete-Valderrama Felipe , Díaz-Martínez Ximena , Celis-Morales Carlos
Published: March 2019

Objetivo. Asociar una nueva e integradora clasificación de actividad física (AF) y sedentarismo con riesgo de síndrome metabólico (SM) en una muestra representativa de adultos chilenos. Material y métodos. Se incluyeron 5 040 parti­cipantes de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud de Chile 2009-2010. Fueron creadas cuatro categorías mediante una combinación entre niveles de AF y sedentarismo (SED) usando el cuestio­nario GPAQ. El SM fue definido según las normas del NCEP ATP-III. Resultados. Se observa una menor probabilidad de presentar SM sólo en las categorías que cumplen con las recomendaciones internacionales de AF (p<0.05), “activo y bajo-SED” (RM=0.72 [0.57 a 0.91]) y “activo y alto-SED” (RM=0.63 [0.49 a 0.81]). El nivel de sedentarismo (alto/bajo) no se asoció con una reducción significativa de SM en ninguno de los grupos. Conclusiones. Este tipo de clasificación de­muestra que la principal estrategia para reducir el riesgo de SM debiera estar asociada con cumplir las recomendaciones de AF.
Biometric indicators of Eyes with Occult Lens Subluxation inducing Secondary Acute Angle Closure
Authors: Xing Xiaoli , Huang Liangyu , Zhang Yan , Lv Yingjuan , Liu Wei , Liu AihuaLiu
Published: March 2019

Background: To compare the anterior biometry of eyes with secondary acute angle closure induced by occult lens subluxation (LS), misdiagnosed as acute primary angle closure (APAC) at the first visit, APAC, chronic primary angle closure glaucoma (CPACG), cataract. Methods: This retrospective case study included 17 eyes with PAC due to occult LS, who were misdiagnosed as APAC on their first visit, 56 eyes diagnosed as APAC, 54 eyes diagnosed as CPACG, and 56 eyes diagnosed as cataract. Axial length (AL), Central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and lens thickness (LT) were recorded. Lens position (LP), relative lens position (RLP), corrected lens position (CLP) were calculated. Quantitative data were subject to one-way analysis of variance and correlation analysis. Categorical data were analyzed using the chi-squared test. Results: The patients in the LS group had a longer ocular axial length than those with acute angle closure and CPACG. Corneal thickness in the LS group was not significantly different from that in the APAC group, but was significantly different from those of the CPACG and cataract group. The APAC group had the smallest ACD, while the LS group had the smallest AD. The LS group exhibited significantly shallower ACD (P<0.01). The LS group had the largest lens thickness. Conclusions: This study revealed that LS secondary PAC patients had a shallower ACD, thicker CCT and lens thickness comparing to those of APAC, CPACG and cataract patients. A short depth (< 1.25 mm) and a thick lens thickness (> 5.13 mm) are crisis of lens subluxation in our data. LP and CLP can be helpful for differential diagnosis. Trial registration: NCT03752710, retrospectively registered.
Knowledge Of Glaucoma And Associated Factors Among Adults In Gish Abay Town, Northwest Ethiopia, Jun 2018
Authors: Bizuneh Zewdu Yenegeta , Tsega Ayanaw , Addis Yezinash , Admassu Fisseha
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Glaucoma is a global public health problem and it is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide and the fifth cause of blindness in Ethiopia. Even though public knowledge of glaucoma is a key for early case identification and prevention of blindness, it is unknown in the study area, making provision of interventions difficult.
Objective: To assess knowledge of glaucoma and associated factors among adults in Gish Abay town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2018
Methods: A Community based cross - sectional study design with systematic random sampling technique was used to select 630 adults. The study was conducted from April 25-May 05, 2018. Data was entered into Epi Info version 7 and was analysed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23. Binary logistic regression model and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence level was used to identify the significant factors associated with knowledge of glaucoma. P–value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: About 594 adults were participated with a response rate of 94%. Nearly 52% of the participants were females with median age of 28 years. The proportion of good knowledge was demonstrated in 68.9% [95% CI; 61, 75.9]. Educational status: secondary education [AOR; 4.01: 1.15, 13.94], college and above [AOR; 4.49: 1.31, 15.32], history of eye examination [AOR; 2.86: 1.05, 7.79] and younger age (18-22) [6.39: 1.82, 22.41] were positively associated with good knowledge of glaucoma.
Conclusion and recommendation: The proportion of good knowledge of glaucoma was high. Better educational status, younger age, eye examination at least once in life and higher income level were associated with better knowledge of glaucoma. Recognizing the severity of glaucoma, enhancing knowledge is paramount at the community.
A NEW METHOD FOR COVARIATE SELECTION IN COX MODEL
Authors: Das Ujjwal , Ebrahimi Nader
Published: March 2019

In a wide spectrum of natural and social sciences, very often one encounters a large number of predictors for time to event data. An important task is to select right ones, and thereafter carry out the analysis. The l
1 penalized regression, known as “least absolute shrinkage and selection operator” (LASSO) became a popular approach for predictor selection in last two decades. The LASSO regression involves a penalizing parameter (commonly denoted by λ) which controls the extent of penalty and hence plays a crucial role in identifying the right covariates. In this paper we propose an information theory-based method to determine the value of λ in association with the Cox proportional hazards model. Furthermore, an efficient algorithm is discussed in the same context. We demonstrate the usefulness of our method through an extensive simulation study. We compare the performance of our proposal with existing methods. Finally, the proposed method and the algorithm are illustrated using a real data set.
Effect of Dense Planting of Hybrid Rice on Grain Yield and Solar Radiation Use in Southeastern China
Authors: Chen Song , Yin Min , Zheng Xi , Liu Shaowen , Chu Guang , Xu Chunmei , Wang Dangying , Zhang Xiufu
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas

Hybrid rice grain yield was evaluated under dense planting.

Grain yield was greater in hybrid cultivars than in inbred cultivars under dense planting conditions.

The yield performance under dense planting was significantly affected by the weather condition.

Dense planting has been recommended as a promising practice for achieving greater grain yield. However, whether this practice is suitable for hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) is unknown. To evaluate the response of grain yield and canopy structure traits to planting density in hybrid cultivars, field experiments were conducted with inbred‐indica (Huanghuazhan), inbred‐japonica (Xiushui09), hybrid‐indica (Tianyouhuazhan), and hybrid‐japonica (Chunyou84 or Yongyou12) cultivars at five planting densities (40, 26.7, 20, 16.7, and 13.3 hills m−2, designated as D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5) in 2015 and 2016. Results showed that hybrid cultivars had 16.6 to 48.9% greater grain yield compared with inbred cultivars under the dense planting condition (D1 and D2), except for Tianyouhuazhan in 2015. The grain yield increased with increasing plant density in hybrid cultivars (except for Tianyouhuazhan in 2015), with the increase rates of 76.6, 108.0, and 138.6 kg Δhill−1 ha−1 for hybrid‐japonica‐Chunyou84 (2015), hybrid‐indica‐Tianyouhuazhan (2016), and hybrid‐japonca‐Yongyou12 (2016), respectively. However, the yield performance was significantly affected by the climate condition under dense planting. The grain yield of hybrid cultivars in 2015 averaged 8.3 t ha−1, which was 36.3% lower than that in 2016 under dense planting (D1 and D2). We speculate that unfavorable climate would suppress the yield performance more under the dense planting conditions. Furthermore, results showed that greater plant density leads to an increase in plant radiation use efficiency, except for indica‐hybird‐Tianyouhuazhan. This might be attributed to the upright top leaves when the planting density increased, which resulted in smaller leaf angles and extinction coefficient of the canopy.
Trinexapac‐ethyl Affects Seed Production in Crimson Clover
Authors: Morad Mohammed M. , Anderson Nicole P. , Chastain Thomas G.
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas

Crimson clover canopy height was reduced with trinexapac‐ethyl applications.

Seeds m–2 in crimson clover was increased by trinexapac‐ethyl applications.

Seed yield responses to trinexapac‐ethyl were dependent on spring weather conditions.

Seed weight reductions were inversely proportional to trinexapac‐ethyl rate.

This is the first study to document effects of trinexapac‐ethyl on crimson clover seed crops.

Trinexapac‐ethyl (TE), a plant growth regulator (PGR) and lodging‐control agent, increases seed yield in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), but the effects of TE are unknown in crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) seed crops. The objectives of this study were to determine TE application rate and timing effects on crop canopy characteristics, seed yield, and seed yield components of crimson clover. On‐farm trials were conducted at two locations (Banks and St. Paul, OR) in 2012 and 2013 and at the Hyslop Research Farm near Corvallis, OR, in 2015 and 2016. Treatments were TE PGR application rates (0, 105, 140, 210, 280, 420, and 560 g a.i. ha−1) and two application timings (stem elongation, Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und CHemische Industrie [BBCH] 32; inflorescence emergence, BBCH 51). Application of TE PGR reduced height of the seed crop canopy. Seed yield was increased in 2012 and 2013 with rates ≤280 g TE ha−1 when applied at the BBCH 32 timing. Seed yield increases attributable to TE ranged from 12 to 36%. However, no effects of TE application on seed yield were observed in 2015 and 2016, likely as a result of dry and warm spring weather. Seed yield increases in 2012 and 2013 were a result of TE‐induced increases in seeds m−2. Seed weight was reduced by TE application, and these reductions were inversely proportional to TE rate. Seed yield responses in crimson clover to TE PGR varied across years and locations, with seed yield increases occurring in wet and cool spring weather conditions.
Assessing Soil and Water Assessment Tool Plant Stress Algorithms Using Full and Deficit Irrigation Treatments
Authors: Chen Yong , Marek Gary W. , Marek Thomas H. , Xue Qingwu , Brauer David K. , Srinivasan Raghavan
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas

SWAT simulated corn LAI and yield of full irrigation matched measured data well.

Stress algorithms adjusted corn LAI and yield unsatisfactory for limited irrigation.

Stress algorithms only consider dominant stress factors such as water and temperature.

Stress algorithms only adjust LAI and biomass rather than crop growth parameters.

Long‐term measured field data are needed to develop new stress algorithms.

Decreased groundwater levels of the Ogallala Aquifer have increased interest in simulating crop responses to deficit irrigation strategies to evaluate the sustainable irrigation management for profitable crop production. However, the ability of widely used simulation models to accurately represent crop responses to deficit irrigation is not thoroughly evaluated. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of the plant stress algorithms in Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to simulate corn (Zea mays L.) responses to deficit irrigation treatments. Results showed simulated corn leaf area index (LAI), biomass, and yield under full irrigation scenarios matched measured data reasonably well at two study sites. However, clear reductions in model performance statistics for corn LAI simulations were found under the deficit irrigation scenarios for both sites (Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency [NSE] <0.49; percent bias [PBIAS] >14%). Additionally, considerable overestimation of yield occurred in the deficit irrigation scenarios for both sites (PBIAS >30% in most years). The unsatisfactory results from simulations of both LAI and yield under the deficit irrigation scenarios suggested potential deficiencies of the plant stress algorithms in SWAT. Two apparent limitations of the plant stress algorithms were (i) the equation for computing actual plant growth factor using a singular stress factor, determined by the maximum value of four plant stress factors of water, temperature, nitrogen, and phosphorus, and (ii) the computed actual plant growth factor only adjusting potential daily accumulations of LAI rather than modifying the shape of the LAI development by adjusting related parameters.
Species, Seeding Rate, and Planting Method Influence Cover Crop Services Prior To Soybean
Authors: Haramoto Erin R.
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas

Drilling seed increased cover crop biomass but didn’t always improve establishment.

With adequate moisture, planting method did not affect ground cover or winter weed biomass.

Cereal rye produced more biomass than wheat and had less weed biomass.

The lower seeding rate did not reduce cereal rye biomass.

Higher seeding rate increased percent ground cover, but didn’t affect weed biomass.

Small grain cover crops can be planted utilizing different methods. Due to their tillering capacity, seeding rates lower than current recommendations may offer adequate weed suppression and ground cover while they are growing. In 2 yr of field experiments, soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ‘Pembroke’) and cereal winter rye (Secale cereale L. ‘Aroostook’) cover crops were planted following corn (Zea mays L.) by drilling or broadcasting 112 or 34 kg germinable seed ha−1 to examine how seeding rate and planting method influence plant establishment and density, biomass accumulation, winter weed suppression, and percent ground cover. Weather and soil conditions influenced cover crop biomass and ground cover produced by the two species planted at different rates using different methods, and thus subsequent weed suppression. When soil conditions were dry at and after planting, drilling seed led to higher plant density, cover crop biomass, percent ground cover, and lower weed biomass. In both years, cereal rye generally produced more biomass than wheat and contained less winter weed biomass. After a colder‐than‐average winter, percent ground cover with cereal rye was maintained at a higher level than with wheat. The higher seeding rate resulted in more ground cover, but did not affect winter weed biomass and did not consistently affect cover crop biomass. Generally, treatments that had more cover crop biomass also had higher percent ground cover and less winter weed biomass.
Legume Proportion in Grassland Litter Affects Decomposition Dynamics and Nutrient Mineralization
Authors: Kohmann Marta M. , Sollenberger Lynn E. , Dubeux Jose C.B. , Silveira Maria L. , Moreno Leonardo S.B.
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas

Grass reduced lag phase and increased legume decomposition in mixtures relative to monocultures.

Factors besides litter chemical composition, such as microbial diversity, affected decomposition.

Legume treatments were enriched and grass monoculture depleted in δ13C during decomposition.

Availability of C, and to a greater extent N, decreased during decomposition.

The impact of legume inclusion on the decomposition of aboveground plant litter in grasslands is not well understood. Our objective was to quantify litter decomposition and nutrient disappearance from ‘Pensacola’ bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge) as affected by N fertilizer or proportion of ‘Florigraze’ rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.) in litter. Five litter treatments (unfertilized bahiagrass [BG], bahiagrass receiving 60 kg N ha−1 [BGN], rhizoma peanut and bahiagrass mixtures in 33–67% and 67–33% proportions [RP33 and RP67, respectively], and pure rhizoma peanut [RP]) were incubated for 128 d during each of 2 yr. Decomposition followed a logistic curve with a linear decay between initial and final lag phases. Litter treatment did not affect decomposition rate, but RP33 litter decomposed to a greater extent than BG (35 and 43% remaining biomass, respectively) due to a longer linear decay period for RP33. At the end of incubation, only 25% of the initial rhizoma peanut component litter mass remained for RP33, whereas 35 and 39% remained for RP67 and RP. Bahiagrass decomposition was not affected by the presence of legume. Bahiagrass monocultures showed δ13C depletion, and all legume‐containing treatments showed δ13C enrichment during incubation. After incubation, there was less N in legume litter treatments despite similar chemical characteristics to BGN, indicating that other factors, such as microbial diversity, affected mixture decomposition. Recalcitrance of C and especially N increased during decomposition. We conclude that N return from mixed legume–grass litter is superior to that of unfertilized grass and equal or superior to that of moderately N‐fertilized grass.
Three‐Year Field Observation of Biochar‐Mediated Changes in Soil Organic Carbon and Microbial Activity
Authors: Li Ming , Wang Yimin , Liu Ming , Liu Qi , Xie Zubin , Li Zhongpei , Uchimiya Minori , Chen Yaozu
Published: March 2019

Although biochar is considered a promising C sequestration agent, long‐term field experiments are lacking to assess the effects of biochar addition on the soil organic C (SOC) and microbial community. Corn (Zea mays L.) straw feedstock and biochar were applied to a sandy loam soil for three consecutive years to investigate the SOC distribution within various fractionations, responses of soil microbial biomass, enzyme activity, and community structure. In comparison with straw amendment, higher levels of biochar (6.0 and 12 t ha−1) significantly increased soil pH, SOC, total N (TN), available P (AP) and available K. Biochar (12 t ha−1) decreased the fulvic acid fraction by 15.9% and increased the free‐light C (FLC), intra‐aggregate, and organomineral fractionations by 6.05‐, 2.52‐, and 0.22‐fold, respectively. There was no significant influence of straw or biochar application on the soil microbial biomass C (MBC) contents or the activities of soil enzymes. A phospholipid fatty acids assay suggested that 6.0 t ha−1 straw slightly enriched the abundance of Actinobacteria in soil, whereas biochar (6.0 and 12 t ha−1) mainly promoted the growth of Gram‐positive bacteria, fungi, and general bacteria groups. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that soil pH, SOC, TN, AP, FLC, and fulvic acid significantly influence the structure of soil microbial community (r2 < −0.50, p < 0.05 for both MBC and the ratio of MBC to SOC; r2 > 0.50 for microbial biomass N, basal respiration [BR], and the ratio of BR through incubation to MBC). Established quantitative relationships provided evidence for understanding the effects of biochar amendment on soil environment after a long‐term field application.

Core Ideas

After 3 yr of cultivation, higher levels of biochar improved soil properties.

Biochar at 12 t ha−1 changed soil organic C distributions within various soil fractionations.

There was no significant effect of amendments on soil microbial activity in the current study.

Biochar promoted growth of Gram‐positive bacteria, fungi, and general bacteria groups.

Biochar‐mediated changes in soil organic C affected the structure of soil microbial community.