bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detección de problemas de salud mental en un grupo especialmente vulnerable: niños y adolescentes en acogimiento residencial
Authors: Sainero Ana , Del Valle Jorge F. , Bravo Amaia
Published: April 2015

Research on mental health problems of children and young people in residential child care shows a high incidence. One of the strategies to improve the interventions is the use of tools of detection, so that biases in the referral to treatment could be avoided.

The objective of this study was to analyze the level of concordance between the information given by the young people and their social educators, using the CBCL (in case of educators) and YSR (for adolescents) in a sample of 138 young people aged from 11 to 18 who were in residential care. Also differences between the group of young people referred to mental health treatment and those without it were analyzed.
Results show low and moderate levels of concordance between the information given by the young people and their educators, with higher levels of agreement in externalized problems, in a similar way as the results found in research with samples of parents and children. Score differences are discussed according to the literature review, concluding that adults distinguish the clinical and non-clinical group clearly, but young people do not display significant differences. These findings indicate the need for giving more relevance to self-reports, to the adolescent own perspective.
L’acculturation des Franco-Américains de deuxième génération en Nouvelle-Angleterre entre 1920 et 1940 à travers une partie de l’oeuvre et de la vie de divers écrivains de la Franco-Américanie
Authors: Bilodeau André
Published: April 2015

Entre 1920 et 1940, les Franco-Américains de la Nouvelle-Angleterre, plus spécifiquement ceux de deuxième génération, vivront un processus d’acculturation accéléré. Évoluant dans un contexte social, économique, culturel et historique en forte transition, ce groupe subira des transformations majeures et il amorcera un déclin à plusieurs niveaux. Dans ce contexte particulier, les risques pris par l’immigrant en terre américaine, tant en termes identitaire qu’économique, sont bien réels. Pour illustrer cette situation, la production littéraire d'auteurs franco-américains de deuxième génération, dont Jack Kerouac, sera un matériau privilégié dans cet article.
La prévisualisation 3D comme outil de gestion de risque en production cinématographique : état des lieux et dérapages possibles
Authors: Melançon Benoit
Published: April 2015

Avec le remplacement grandissant du scénarimage par l’infographie comme outil privilégié dans la préparation d’une production filmique, la prévisualisation 3D assure la conformité de cette oeuvre à la vision du réalisateur en plus d’en confirmer la faisabilité, et ce hors des contraintes traditionnelles du plateau de tournage. Par une mise en contexte historique et structurelle, le texte explique comment cette nouvelle prévisualisation, tout en favorisant une gestion efficace des risques existants, contribue toutefois à créer de nouveaux risques par sa capacité à représenter avec une grande exactitude visuelle le film à venir.
L’État militaire chilien et les professeurs de l’enseignement secondaire (1973-1990) : la prévention d’un risque sociopolitique par la détérioration des conditions de travail d’un groupe professionnel
Authors: Ménard Carolyne
Published: April 2015

De 1973 à 1990, le régime militaire d’Augusto Pinochet modifia divers secteurs de la société chilienne par la mise en place de mécanismes de contrôle autoritaire et de politiques économiques néolibérales. Le secteur de l’éducation n’échappa pas à ces transformations. Dès le lendemain du coup d’État, la dictature introduisit dans le milieu scolaire chilien plusieurs réformes qui eurent des impacts majeurs sur les conditions de travail des professeurs de l’enseignement secondaire. Étant un groupe socioprofessionnel composé majoritairement de partisans de la gauche politique et de l’Unité populaire (1970-1973), les professeurs furent perçus par le régime militaire comme un risque potentiel à l’application adéquate de réformes néolibérales dans le système d’éducation chilien. Il sera donc démontré dans l’article suivant que la détérioration des conditions de travail des enseignants au secondaire découla de la perception du professorat chilien par l’État militaire, lequel considérait ce groupe socioprofessionnel comme un facteur de risque et de menace à l’implantation de son projet éducatif.
Les professionnels de la santé et des services sociaux intervenant auprès des francophones minoritaires : l’enjeu du capital social
Authors: Savard Sébastien , Arcand Isabelle , Drolet Marie , Benoît Josée , Savard Jacinthe , Lagacé Josée
Published: April 2015

Cet article présente les résultats d’une recherche qualitative sur la collaboration et le partenariat entre les professionnels des services sociaux et de la santé qui interviennent auprès de francophones vivant en situation minoritaire en Ontario. L’étude met en lumière, à partir de l’information recueillie auprès de 43 professionnels rencontrés dans huit groupes de discussion, le contexte qui caractérise leur pratique, les défis qu’ils rencontrent dans leur tentative de créer des liens de collaboration avec d’autres professionnels qui oeuvrent auprès des communautés francophones minoritaires ainsi que les facteurs qui facilitent l’établissement de partenariats entre les différents intervenants qui répondent aux besoins de cette population. Les résultats font ressortir que le sentiment d’appartenance, la confiance et l’engagement des professionnels envers la communauté francophone, de même que les valeurs de réciprocité et de solidarité qui les habitent sont des éléments qui favorisent le développement du capital social de la communauté des intervenants. Cependant, le manque de mécanismes permettant la consolidation et la pérennisation des relations de collaboration constitue un facteur qui limite la capacité de bonifier le capital social des professionnels de la santé et des services sociaux francophones et bilingues.
Césaire et Haïti, des apports à évaluer
Authors: Jonassaint Jean
Published: April 2015

Dès son premier opus,Cahier d’un retour au pays natal(1939), Aimé Césaire rend hommage à Haïti, et il est reconnu que son oeuvre puise largement dans l’histoire de ce pays qui lui a inspiré deux ouvrages :La tragédie du roi Christophe(1961-1963) etToussaint Louverture : la Révolution française et le problème colonial(1961). Cet article se propose de mettre en lumière ce qui est ignoré ou refoulé chez Césaire, soit sa dette envers les littératures haïtiennes tant orales qu’écrites, notamment ses emprunts aux essayistes Jean-Louis Vastey et Anténor Firmin, à l’historien Beaubrun Ardouin, au poète indigéniste Carl Brouard et à la tradition vaudou. De plus, au-delà de ces textes et à l’encontre de ladoxa, l’auteur montrera que le corpus césairien s’inscrit dans un vaste réseau intertextuel caribéen remontant auxixesiècle.
Cochlear progenitor number is controlled through mesenchymal FGF receptor signaling
Authors: Huh Sung-Ho , Warchol Mark E , Ornitz David M
Published: April 2015

The sensory and supporting cells (SCs) of the organ of Corti are derived from a limited number of progenitors. The mechanisms that regulate the number of sensory progenitors are not known. Here, we show that Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGF) 9 and 20, which are expressed in the non-sensory (Fgf9) and sensory (Fgf20) epithelium during otic development, regulate the number of cochlear progenitors. We further demonstrate that Fgf receptor (Fgfr) 1 signaling within the developing sensory epithelium is required for the differentiation of outer hair cells and SCs, while mesenchymal FGFRs regulate the size of the sensory progenitor population and the overall cochlear length. In addition, ectopic FGFR activation in mesenchyme was sufficient to increase sensory progenitor proliferation and cochlear length. These data define a feedback mechanism, originating from epithelial FGF ligands and mediated through periotic mesenchyme that controls the number of sensory progenitors and the length of the cochlea.
The C-terminal region of the motor protein MCAK controls its structure and activity through a conformational switch
Authors: Talapatra Sandeep K , Harker Bethany , Welburn Julie PI
Published: April 2015

The precise regulation of microtubule dynamics is essential during cell division. The kinesin-13 motor protein MCAK is a potent microtubule depolymerase. The divergent non-motor regions flanking the ATPase domain are critical in regulating its targeting and activity. However, the molecular basis for the function of the non-motor regions within the context of full-length MCAK is unknown. Here, we determine the structure of MCAK motor domain bound to its regulatory C-terminus. Our analysis reveals that the MCAK C-terminus binds to two motor domains in solution and is displaced allosterically upon microtubule binding, which allows its robust accumulation at microtubule ends. These results demonstrate that MCAK undergoes long-range conformational changes involving its C-terminus during the soluble to microtubule-bound transition and that the C-terminus-motor interaction represents a structural intermediate in the MCAK catalytic cycle. Together, our work reveals intrinsic molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of kinesin-13 activity.
Visual processing of informative multipoint correlations arises primarily in V2
Authors: Yu Yunguo , Schmid Anita M , Victor Jonathan D
Published: April 2015

Using the visual system as a model, we recently showed that the efficient coding principle accounted for the allocation of computational resources in central sensory processing: when sampling an image is the main limitation, resources are devoted to compute the statistical features that are the most variable, and therefore the most informative (eLife 2014;3:e03722. DOI: 10.7554/eLife.03722 Hermundstad et al., 2014). Building on these results, we use single-unit recordings in the macaque monkey to determine where these computations—sensitivity to specific multipoint correlations—occur. We find that these computations take place in visual area V2, primarily in its supragranular layers. The demonstration that V2 neurons are sensitive to the multipoint correlations that are informative about natural images provides a common computational underpinning for diverse but well-recognized aspects of neural processing in V2, including its sensitivity to corners, junctions, illusory contours, figure/ground, and ‘naturalness.’
Influence of solar cycle and chemistry on tropical (10°N–15°N) mesopause variabilities
Authors: Ramesh K. , Sridharan S. , Vijaya Bhaskara Rao S.
Published: April 2015

Monthly averaged zonal mean temperature and ozone volume mixing ratios obtained from “Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry” instrument on board “Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics” satellite for the years 2002–2012 are used to study the seasonal and solar cycle variabilities of tropical (10°N–15°N) mesopause structure. The mesopause temperature and ozone mixing ratios are positively correlated with solar cycle due to changes in CO2 and O, respectively. Although the seasonal variation in mesopause temperatures is quite small, the mesopause altitudes are comparatively higher (~99–100 km) in April and lower (~95 km) in September. The factors controlling the tropical mesopause structure are investigated by taking the mesopause variability for the year 2011 as a case study as it resembles the long‐term mean seasonal variation. It is found that the radiative cooling due to 15 µm CO2 infrared emissions is the only cooling mechanism in the mesopause region. The net heating rates obtained from (i) solar heating by O2 and O3, (ii) chemical heating due to seven major exothermic reactions, (iii) O3 long‐wave radiative heating, and (iv) CO2 cooling are smaller (~20 K/d) in April and larger (~85 K/d) in September at lower thermosphere (~99–101 km). The downward heat conduction from the lower thermosphere forces the mesopause to lower heights in September, although no downward heat conduction is observed in April.
The fate of fluid inclusions during high‐temperature experimental deformation of olivine aggregates
Authors: Carter Matthew J. , Zimmerman Mark E. , Teyssier Christian
Published: April 2015

Torsion experiments on initially wet and dry olivine aggregates at equivalent deformation conditions investigated the fate of fluid inclusions (FIs) during high‐temperature deformation. Wet samples were produced by adding water to San Carlos olivine powders before hot pressing; those hot pressed without water are considered dry. After hot pressing, wet and dry aggregates have comparable grain sizes, but wet aggregates have more abundant primary FIs. Talc jackets were fitted around some wet and dry samples prior to deformation to hydrate samples during deformation via talc dehydration at elevated temperature, whereas other samples were deformed without talc. At similar strain rates (~1.0 × 10−4 s−1), the peak shear stress for the dry sample (no talc) was 190–220 MPa, whereas all other samples reached 180 MPa; the strengths of wet (± talc) and dry (+ talc) specimens appear similar. Deformed samples reveal abundant FIs, reduced grain size, shape preferred orientation of olivine, and a pervasive low‐angle fabric (C′) to the shear plane defined by aligned FIs. Samples deformed with talc have FI‐rich and FI‐depleted domains; where FIs are abundant, the C′ fabric is better developed and grain size is smaller. Electron backscatter diffraction pole figures suggest that olivine deformed in the dislocation creep regime via the (010)[100] slip system. Results of these experiments suggest that FIs are redistributed during dislocation creep, leading to the development of grain‐scale, high‐diffusivity pathways.
Argument Discourse
Authors: Ellis Donald G.
Published: April 2015

Argument discourse is contrasted with traditional argument. The distinction between formal argument and conversational argument is a long‐standing one in communication, humanities, and the social sciences. This article notes the historical and philosophical issues involved in this distinction and examines the main issues. These include the differences between making and having an argument as well as the role of conversation and argument.
Agreement and Disagreement
Authors: Walkinshaw Ian
Published: April 2015

Agreement has traditionally been characterized as the preferred response to a proposition or assessment, disagreement as the dispreferred response. Yet recent research into social interaction indicates that the use and evaluation of these two speech acts is much more complex than previously thought. This article outlines some of the prominent theoretical approaches within which agreement and disagreement have been conceptualized. It then examines some of the various types of disagreement before considering the current state of scholarship into agreement/disagreement and its likely trajectory in the future.
Appraisal Theory
Authors: White Peter R. R.
Published: April 2015

The appraisal framework provides an account of “evaluative meaning‐making,” specifically those communicative resources by which speakers/writers convey positive and negative attitudes, strengthen or weaken those attitudinal assessments and position themselves vis‐à‐vis actual or potential respondents. It provides a delicate taxonomy of attitudinal meanings that attends to such issues as the basis on which the positive/negative assessment is being made, its target, what is at stake socially, and whether the assessment is explicitly or implicitly conveyed. The analytical taxonomy proposed for the analysis of propositional stance is influenced by Bakhtinian notions of dialogism and accordingly regards all utterances as in some way dialogistic. The framework is formulated for discourse‐analytical investigations of such issues as how texts enact individual and collective identities, negotiate relations of solidarity and power, have the potential to influence public opinion, and may operate to naturalize particular value positions and worldviews.
Accusatory Discourse
Authors: Castor Theresa
Published: April 2015

Accusations are assertions that another has done something wrong. They occur in a variety of forms such as direct statements, questions, or nonverbal cues. Accusations construct social reality and assess actions as violations of the social and moral order. Accusations implicate agency by blaming or holding the accused as responsible for the wrongdoing. Accusatory discourse occurs in ordinary conversations and institutional discourse, and as such, there are different rules that govern how accusations unfold.
Blog and Wiki Discourse
Authors: Gurak Laura J. , Kays Trent M.
Published: April 2015

Blogs and wikis are part of a larger category of discourse called computer‐mediated communication. Blogs and wikis share some features common to all computer‐mediated communication, yet they also demonstrate certain unique characteristics. Blogs often employ first‐person narratives and place high value on individual interaction, while wikis are normally written in the third person and encourage collective authorship and editing.
Communication Accommodation Theory
Authors: Gallois Cindy , Giles Howard
Published: April 2015

Communication Accommodation Theory (CAT) is an intergroup theory of interpersonal communication.CAThas sparked a great deal of research over the past five decades, with parallel and intersecting traditions of experimental, survey, and discourse‐based research examining the dynamics of communication, along with its antecedents and consequences, in a plethora of contexts. This article describes the major tenets of the theory and their connection to language and social interaction, as well as canvassing research (particularly qualitative work) framed byCAT. The article is constructed with a view to the future and further development of the theory.
Account‐Giving and ‐Soliciting
Authors: Tileagă Cristian
Published: April 2015

This article focuses on accounts as a pervasive dimension of social accountability in interpersonal and public communication. It focuses on properties of account‐giving and ‐soliciting in natural interactions, research and news interviews, and the public sphere. The article closes by arguing that researching accounts in language and social interaction, and cognate fields, can shed light on intersubjective contexts and social worlds that influence and are influenced by the plural and contingent facets of social life.
Citizenship Discourse
Authors: Kock Christian , Villadsen Lisa
Published: April 2015

Citizenship discourse refers to the discursive practices of members of a society and the study hereof. Citizens' access to and engagement with civic life are issues that have long, and increasingly, occupied scholars, politicians, and educators alike. Citizenship discourse designates the particular aspect of this endeavor that has to do with how society as a whole and citizens individually or as a group understand and take on their role as citizens with a “voice” and a measure of agency. The term thus refers both to (1) discourseaboutcitizenship, and (2) discourseenactingcitizenship. This article presents both understandings, traces their development and scope, and finally illustrates ways in which the term has been brought to bear in research. The article concludes with a brief discussion of its implications for communication scholarship.
Inhibition of Multidrug Resistance of Cancer Cells by Co‐Delivery of DNA Nanostructures and Drugs Using Porous Silicon Nanoparticles@Giant Liposomes
Authors: Kong Feng , Zhang Xu , Zhang Hongbo , Qu Xiangmeng , Chen Dong , Servos Mark , Mäkilä Ermei , Salonen Jarno , Santos Hélder A. , Hai Mingtan , Weitz David A.
Published: April 2015

Biocompatible, multifunctional, stimuli responsive, and high drug loading capacity are key factors for the new generation of drug delivery platforms. However, it is extremely challenging to create such a platform that inherits all these advanced properties in a single carrier. Herein, porous silicon nanoparticles (PSi NPs) and giant liposomes are assembled on a microfluidic chip as an advanced nano‐in‐micro platform (PSi NPs@giant liposomes), which can co‐load and co‐deliver hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs combined with synthesized DNA nanostructures, short gold nanorods, and magnetic nanoparticles. The PSi NPs@giant liposomes with photothermal and magnetic responsiveness show good biocompatibility, high loading capacity, and controllable release. The hydrophilic thermal oxidized PSi NPs encapsulate hydrophobic therapeutics within the hydrophilic core of the giant liposomes, endowing high therapeutics loading capacity with tuneable ratio and controllable release. It is demonstrated that the DAO‐E A DNA nanostructures have synergism with drugs and importantly they contribute to the significant enhancement of cell death to doxorubicin‐resistant MCF‐7/DOX cells, overcoming the multidrug resistance in the cancer cells. Therefore, the PSi NPs@giant liposomes nano‐in‐micro platform hold great potential for a cocktail delivery of drugs and DNA nanostructures for effective cancer therapy, controllable drug release with tuneable therapeutics ratio, and both photothermal and magnetic dual responsiveness.
Diagnosis and long‐term management of hydrolyzed wheat protein wheat‐dependent exercise‐induced anaphylaxis
Authors: Hirata Jun‐ichi , Ohya Munehiko , Kumon Keiji
Published: April 2015

Case

A 37‐year‐old woman was admitted to the emergency room with bilateral periorbital edema, hypotension, and expiratory stridor that developed 30 min after starting to hang out washing following consumption of a jam bun. Despite no food allergies or similar episodes, she had recently developed facial wheals after bathing.

Outcome

She was immediately and repeatedly administered adrenalin and succinic acid hydrocortisone sodium for wheat‐dependent exercise‐induced anaphylaxis. On the third hospital day, radioallergosorbent testing reactions to wheat, gluten, and omega‐5 gliadin were mildly positive; skin‐prick tests for hydrolyzed wheat protein and a face‐wash challenge were positive. Therefore, we diagnosed hydrolyzed wheat protein wheat‐dependent exercise‐induced anaphylaxis. Despite advising her about hyposensitization, the episode recurred and an adrenalin auto‐injector was prescribed.

Conclusion

Differentiating hydrolyzed wheat protein wheat‐dependent exercise‐induced anaphylaxis from conventional wheat‐dependent exercise‐induced anaphylaxis is important owing to their severity and similarities. Each requires long‐term management of patients' etiological conditions by advising them about hyposensitization and prescribing adrenalin auto‐injectors.
Controllable Synthesis of Mesoporous Peapod‐like Co3O4@Carbon Nanotube Arrays for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Gu Dong , Li Wei , Wang Fei , Bongard Hans , Spliethoff Bernd , Schmidt Wolfgang , Weidenthaler Claudia , Xia Yongyao , Zhao Dongyuan , Schüth Ferdi
Published: April 2015

Transition metal oxides are regarded as promising anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries because of their high theoretical capacities compared with commercial graphite. Unfortunately, the implementation of such novel anodes is hampered by their large volume changes during the Li+ insertion and extraction process and their low electric conductivities. Herein, we report a specifically designed anode architecture to overcome such problems, that is, mesoporous peapod‐like Co3O4@carbon nanotube arrays, which are constructed through a controllable nanocasting process. Co3O4 nanoparticles are confined exclusively in the intratubular pores of the nanotube arrays. The pores between the nanotubes are open, and thus render the Co3O4 nanoparticles accessible for effective electrolyte diffusion. Moreover, the carbon nanotubes act as a conductive network. As a result, the peapod‐like Co3O4@carbon nanotube electrode shows a high specific capacity, excellent rate capacity, and very good cycling performance.
Tandem Z‐Selective Cross‐Metathesis/Dihydroxylation: Synthesis of anti‐1,2‐Diols
Authors: Dornan Peter K. , Wickens Zachary K. , Grubbs Robert H.
Published: April 2015

A stereoselective synthesis of anti‐1,2‐diols has been developed using a multitasking Ru catalyst in an assisted tandem catalysis protocol. A cyclometalated Ru complex catalyzes first a Z‐selective cross‐metathesis of two terminal olefins, followed by a stereospecific dihydroxylation. Both steps are catalyzed by Ru, as the Ru complex is converted to a dihydroxylation catalyst upon addition of NaIO4. A variety of olefins were transformed into valuable, highly functionalized, and stereodefined molecules. Mechanistic experiments were performed to probe the nature of the oxidation step and catalyst inhibition pathways. These experiments point the way to more broadly applicable tandem catalytic transformations.
Die Synthese und biologische Validierung von Desepoxyisotedanolid und dessen Vergleich mit Desepoxytedanolid
Authors: Naini Arun , Muthukumar Yazh , Raja Aruna , Franke Raimo , Harrier Ian , Smith Amos B. , Lee Dongjoo , Taylor Richard E. , Sasse Florenz , Kalesse Markus
Published: April 2015

Die Tedanolide sind biologisch aktive Polyketide, deren Makrolaktonring aus einem primären Alkohol aufgebaut ist. Da Polyketidumwandlungen nur sekundäre Alkohole erzeugen, postulierte Taylor, dass das Tedanolid‐Lakton aus einer intramolekularen Umesterung hervorgegangen ist. Um diese Hypothese zu prüfen und das biologische Profil des vermuteten Vorläufers aller Mitglieder der Tedanolidfamilie zu untersuchen, unternahmen wir die Synthese von Desepoxyisotedanolid und dessen biologische Evaluierung im Vergleich zum Desepoxytedanolid. Die biologischen Experimente deckten ein zweites Zielprotein für Desepoxytedanolid auf und erbrachten Hinweise, dass die vorgeschlagene Umesterung dem produzierenden Mikroorganismus einen evolutionären Vorteil erbringt.
Enantioselective Syntheses of Heteroyohimbine Natural Products: A Unified Approach through Cooperative Catalysis
Authors: Younai Ashkaan , Zeng Bi‐Shun , Meltzer Herbert Y. , Scheidt Karl A.
Published: April 2015

Alstonine and serpentine are pentacyclic indoloquinolizidine alkaloids (referred to as “anhydronium bases”) containing three contiguous stereocenters. Each possesses interesting biological activity, with alstonine being the major component of a plant‐based remedy to treat psychosis and other nervous system disorders. This work describes the enantioselective total syntheses of these natural products with a cooperative hydrogen bonding/enamine‐catalyzed Michael addition as the key step.
High‐Pressure Synthesis of Cd(NH3)2[B3O5(NH3)]2: Pioneering the Way to the Substance Class of Ammine Borates
Authors: Sohr Gerhard , Ciaghi Nina , Schauperl Michael , Wurst Klaus , Liedl Klaus R. , Huppertz Hubert
Published: April 2015

To date, the access to the substance class of borates containing nitrogen, for example, nitridoborates, oxonitridoborates, or amine borates, was an extreme effort owing to the difficult starting materials and reaction conditions. Although a number of compounds containing boron and nitrogen are known, no adduct of ammonia to an inorganic borate has been observed so far. A new synthetic approach starting from the simple educts CdO, B2O3, and aqueous ammonia under conditions of 4.7 GPa and 800 °C led to the synthesis of Cd(NH3)2[B3O5(NH3)]2 as the first ammine borate. We thoroughly characterized this compound on the basis of low‐temperature single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction data, IR and Raman spectroscopy, and by quantum theoretical calculations. This contribution shows that the adduct of NH3 to the BO3 group of a complex B–O network can be stabilized, opening up a fundamentally new synthetic route to nitrogen‐containing borates.
The Gene bldA, a Regulator of Morphological Differentiation and Antibiotic Production in Streptomyces
Authors: Hackl Stefanie , Bechthold Andreas
Published: April 2015

Streptomyces species are well known for their particular features of morphological differentiation. On solid agar, a mold‐like aerial mycelium is formed and spores are produced, in which the bld genes play a crucial role. In S. coelicolor, mutations in one specific bld gene called bldA led to a “naked” phenotype lacking aerial hyphae and spores. This peculiar behavior became a major interest for scientific research in the past and it was revealed that bldA is coding for a unique tRNA able to translate a UUA codon into the amino acid leucine. UUA codons are a very rare property of G + C‐rich Streptomyces genomes. The impact of bldA on morphology can in parts be attributed to the regulatory effect of bldA on the translational level, because TTA‐containing genes can only be translated into their corresponding protein in the presence of a fully functioning bldA gene. In addition to the visible effect of bldA expression on the phenotype of S. coelicolor, bldA mutants were also deficient in antibiotic production. This led to the assumption that the role of bldA must exceed translational control. Many TTA‐containing genes are coding for transcriptional regulators which are activating or repressing the transcription of many more genes. Proteomics and transcriptomics are two powerful methods for identifying bldA target genes and it was possible to assign also post‐translational regulation to bldA. This review wants to give a short overview on the importance of bldA as a regulator of morphological differentiation and antibiotic production by switching on “silent” gene clusters in Streptomyces.
Predictive Value of Serial High‐Resolution Computed Tomography Analyses and Concurrent Lung Function Tests in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Hoffmann‐Vold Anna‐Maria , Aaløkken Trond M. , Lund May Brit , Garen Torhild , Midtvedt Øyvind , Brunborg Cathrine , Gran Jan Tore , Molberg Øyvind
Published: April 2015

Objective

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) carries a high risk of progressive interstitial lung disease (ILD), but tools for stratifying individual risk are scarce. The purpose of this study was to assess detailed data from serial lung fibrosis measurements and paired pulmonary function tests (PFTs) as outcome prediction tools in a prospective cohort of SSc patients.

Methods

Paired PFTs and high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans were obtained at baseline and at followup in 305 SSc patients who met the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism 2013 classification criteria. The extent of fibrosis was scored on 10 sections from every HRCT scan and expressed as the percentage of the total lung volume.

Results

Baseline HRCT analyses revealed 3 SSc subgroups: those with >20% lung fibrosis (n = 40), those with 1–20% fibrosis (n = 157), and those with no fibrosis (n = 108). At followup HRCT (mean of 3.1 years later), all 108 group 3 patients were still free of fibrosis. In group 2 patients, 146 continued to have 1–20% fibrosis (group 2a), whereas 11 (marked by short disease duration of 1.3 years) had experienced progression to >20% fibrosis (group 2b). The annual fibrosis progression rate differed across the 4 groups: 0.9% in group 1, 0.7% in group 2a, 5.9% in group 2b, and 0% in group 3. The annual fibrosis progression rate correlated with the total decline in the forced vital capacity (FVC) (7.1%, 5.7%, 8.7%, and 2.9% in groups 1, 2a, 2b, and 3, respectively), but not the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco) (8.4%, 7.7%, 7.7%, and 8.6%, respectively). Multivariate analyses identified anticentromere antibodies (odds ratio [OR] 4.7) and baseline DLco (OR 1.04) as predictors of no fibrosis at followup and baseline fibrosis (OR 1.3) and FVC (OR 0.96) as predictors of >20% fibrosis at followup.

Conclusion

These prospective cohort data suggest that HRCT performed at baseline predicts the development of fibrosis, the rate of progression of fibrosis, and the decline in pulmonary function in SSc.
Modeling user experience with news websites
Authors: Aranyi Gabor , van Schaik Paul
Published: April 2015

Although news websites are used by a large and increasing number of people, there is a lack of research within human‐computer interaction regarding users' experience with this type of interactive technology. In the current research, existing measures of user‐experience factors were identified and, using an online survey, answers to psychometric scales to measure website characteristics, need fulfillment, affective reactions, and constructs of technology acceptance and user experience were collected from regular users of news sites. A comprehensive user‐experience model was formulated to explain acceptance and quality judgments of news sites. The main contribution of the current study is the application of influential models of user experience and technology acceptance to the domain of online news. By integrating both types of variable in a comprehensive model, the relationships between the types of variable are clarified both theoretically and empirically. Implications of the model for theory, further research, and system design are discussed.
An improved algorithm for unsupervised decomposition of a multi‐author document
Authors: Giannella Chris
Published: April 2015

This article addresses the problem of unsupervised decomposition of a multi‐author text document: identifying the sentences written by each author assuming the number of authors is unknown. An approach, BayesAD, is developed for solving this problem: apply a Bayesian segmentation algorithm, followed by a segment clustering algorithm. Results are presented from an empirical comparison between BayesAD and AK, a modified version of an approach published by Akiva and Koppel in 2013. BayesAD exhibited greater accuracy than AK in all experiments. However, BayesAD has a parameter that needs to be set and which had a nontrivial impact on accuracy. Developing an effective method for eliminating this need would be a fruitful direction for future work. When controlling for topic, the accuracy levels of BayesAD and AK were, in all but one case, worse than a baseline approach wherein one author was assumed to write all sentences in the input text document. Hence, room for improved solutions exists.
Biodiesel production from waste salmon oil: kinetic modeling, properties of methyl esters, and economic feasibility of a low capacity plant
Authors: Serrano Marta , Marchetti Jorge‐Mario , Martínez Mercedes , Aracil José
Published: April 2015

Salmon oil directly obtained from salmon silage in a tricanter centrifuge was subjected to homogeneous acid‐catalyzed esterification. Alcohol‐to‐oil molar ratio, catalyst amount, and reaction temperature were varied in order to obtain the kinetic parameters that fit the data satisfactory. A reaction mechanism with four consecutive reactions was considered and the attack of the nucleophile alcohol to the protonated carbonyl substrate was corroborated to be the rate‐determining step, in accordance with previous studies in free fatty acids esterification. A kinetic model with 8 independent parameters described with high accuracy the experimental data of 27 reactions with a regression coefficient of 90.94%. Pre‐esterified oil was submitted to transesterification and properties of resulting methyl esters were measured. Acidity, peroxide value, viscosity and flash point were acceptable to use as diesel‐grade fuel. However, cold flow properties and especially oxidative stability can limit its use as automotive fuel. Finally, a techno‐economic analysis was performed and the influence of salmon oil price on the viability of a low capacity fuel production plant was analyzed. Copyright © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Meta‐analysis of clinical trials with rare events
Authors: Böhning Dankmar , Mylona Kalliopi , Kimber Alan
Published: April 2015

Meta‐analysis of rare event studies has recently become a subject of controversy and debate. We will argue and demonstrate in this paper that the occurrence of zero events in clinical trials or cohort studies, even if zeros occur in both arms (the case of a double‐zero trial), is less problematic, at least from a statistical perspective, if the available statistical tools are applied in the appropriate way. In particular, it is neither necessary nor advisable to exclude studies with zero events from the meta‐analysis. In terms of statistical tools, we will focus here on Mantel–Haenszel techniques, mixed Poisson regression and related regression models.
An extended stable isotope‐labeled signature peptide internal standard for tracking immunocapture of human plasma osteopontin for LC‐MS/MS quantification
Authors: Faria Morse , Halquist Matthew S. , Yuan Moucun , Mylott William , Jenkins Rand G. , Karnes H. Thomas
Published: April 2015

A stable isotope‐labeled signature peptide, whose sequence corresponds to the human osteopontin (hOPN) specific antibody epitope, was evaluated as an internal standard to compensate for immunocapture variability during quantification of hOPN by immunoaffinity‐coupled LC‐MS/MS. Immunocapture variability was induced by varying the antibody amount per well from 150 to 4500 ng and analysis was carried out with internal standards added before and after the immunocapture step. The immunocapture variability ranged from −80.9 to 77.0% when the IS was added after immunocapture and from −37.5 to 20.3% when the internal standard was added before immunocapture. The lower variability demonstrates the ability of stable labeled isotope internal standard peptide to compensate for variation during immunocapture. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development and validation of an RP‐HPLC method for the quantitation of odanacatib in rat and human plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Police Anitha , Gurav Sandip , Dhiman Vinay , Zainuddin Mohd , Bhamidipati Ravi kanth , Rajagopal Sriram , Mullangi Ramesh
Published: April 2015

A simple, specific, sensitive and reproducible high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay method has been developed and validated for the estimation of odanacatib in rat and human plasma. The bioanalytical procedure involves extraction of odanacatib and itraconazole (internal standard, IS) from a 200 μL plasma aliquot with simple liquid–liquid extraction process. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Symmetry Shield RP18 using an isocratic mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min. The UV detection wave length was 268 nm. Odanacatib and IS eluted at 5.5 and 8.6 min, respectively with a total run time of 10 min. Method validation was performed as per US Food and Drug Administration guidelines and the results met the acceptance criteria. The calibration curve was linear over a concentration range of 50.9–2037 ng/mL (r2 = 0.994). The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were in the range of 2.06–5.11 and 5.84–13.1%, respectively, in rat plasma and 2.38–7.90 and 6.39–10.2%, respectively, in human plasma. The validated HPLC method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in rats. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Poor survival of females with bladder cancer is limited to those aged 70 years or over: a population‐wide linkage study, New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Patel Manish I. , Bang Albert , Gillett David , Cheluvappa Rajkumar , Smith David P.
Published: April 2015

Although men are diagnosed with bladder cancer (BC) with a rate three times higher than women, women experience poorer survival. The cause of this gender difference is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the discrepancy in survival from BC by gender and explore potential explanations for the difference using a population‐wide linkage study. Using the New South Wales (NSW) Central Cancer Registry, all invasive BC cases diagnosed between 2001 and 2009 were identified. Records were linked to the NSW Admitted Patient Data Collection (APDC), to retrieve treatment details, and to the Registry of Births Deaths and Marriages and Australian Bureau of Statistics to obtain death details. A total of 5377 new cases of BC were identified. No differences were identified in the proportions of patients presenting at different stages between genders. However, disease‐specific survival (DSS) was worse for females compared to males with localized and regional disease (P < 0.05). This difference was only apparent in individuals aged ≥70 years and no difference was identified in those younger. Multivariable Cox‐regression analysis of the cohort of individuals aged ≥70 years revealed that stage, age, comorbidity, and sex remained independent variables (P < 0.05) predicting DSS. In a population wide analysis, females aged 70 years or more suffer worse DSS compared to males. The differences are not accounted for by stage at presentation or comorbidity and are independent of age. BC in postmenopausal females may be biologically more aggressive.
Circulating TGF‐β1 and VEGF and risk of cancer among liver transplant recipients
Authors: Engels Eric A. , Jennings Linda , Kemp Troy J. , Chaturvedi Anil K. , Pinto Ligia A. , Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Trotter James F. , Acker Michelle , Onaca Nicholas , Klintmalm Goran B.
Published: April 2015

Transplant recipients have elevated cancer risk, perhaps partly due to direct carcinogenic effects of immunosuppressive medications. Experimental evidence indicates that calcineurin inhibitors given to transplant recipients increase cellular expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which could promote cancer. To assess the potential role of these pathways in the transplantation setting, we conducted a case–control study nested in a cohort of liver recipients. Cases had nonmelanoma skin cancer (N = 84), cancer of the lung (N = 29), kidney (N = 20), or colorectum (N = 17), or melanoma (N = 3). We selected N = 463 recipients without cancer as controls. TGF‐β1 and VEGF levels were measured in sera obtained, on average, approximately 3 years before case diagnosis/control selection. We also measured platelet factor 4 (PF4), a marker of ex vivo platelet degranulation, because TGF‐β1 and VEGF can be released from platelets, and we developed a statistical model to isolate the platelet‐derived fraction from the remaining circulating component. Compared with controls, lung cancer cases had higher levels of TGF‐β1 (median 22.8 vs. 19.4 ng/mL, P = 0.02) and VEGF (277 vs. 186 pg/mL, P = 0.02). However, lung cancer cases also had higher platelet counts (P = 0.08) and PF4 levels (P = 0.02), while residual serum levels of TGF‐β1 and VEGF, after accounting for PF4, were unassociated with lung cancer (P = 0.40 and P = 0.15, respectively). Associations were not seen for other cancers. In conclusion, TGF‐β1 and VEGF levels were increased in association with lung cancer among transplant recipients, which may be explained by increased platelet counts and platelet degranulation in lung cancer cases.
Reduced risk of breast cancer associated with recreational physical activity varies by HER2 status
Authors: Ma Huiyan , Xu Xinxin , Ursin Giske , Simon Michael S. , Marchbanks Polly A. , Malone Kathleen E. , Lu Yani , McDonald Jill A. , Folger Suzanne G. , Weiss Linda K. , Sullivan‐Halley Jane , Deapen Dennis M. , Press Michael F. , Bernstein Leslie
Published: April 2015

Convincing epidemiologic evidence indicates that physical activity is inversely associated with breast cancer risk. Whether this association varies by the tumor protein expression status of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), or p53 is unclear. We evaluated the effects of recreational physical activity on risk of invasive breast cancer classified by the four biomarkers, fitting multivariable unconditional logistic regression models to data from 1195 case and 2012 control participants in the population‐based Women's Contraceptive and Reproductive Experiences Study. Self‐reported recreational physical activity at different life periods was measured as average annual metabolic equivalents of energy expenditure [MET]‐hours per week. Our biomarker‐specific analyses showed that lifetime recreational physical activity was negatively associated with the risks of ER‐positive (ER+) and of HER2‐negative (HER2−) subtypes (both Ptrend ≤ 0.04), but not with other subtypes (all Ptrend > 0.10). Analyses using combinations of biomarkers indicated that risk of invasive breast cancer varied only by HER2 status. Risk of HER2–breast cancer decreased with increasing number of MET‐hours of recreational physical activity in each specific life period examined, although some trend tests were only marginally statistically significant (all Ptrend ≤ 0.06). The test for homogeneity of trends (HER2– vs. HER2+ ) reached statistical significance only when evaluating physical activity during the first 10 years after menarche (Phomogeneity = 0.03). Our data suggest that physical activity reduces risk of invasive breast cancers that lack HER2 overexpression, increasing our understanding of the biological mechanisms by which physical activity acts.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of Tetrawickmanite, Mn2+Sn4+(OH)6.
Authors: Lafuente Barbara , Yang Hexiong , Downs Robert T.
Published: April 2015

The crystal structure of a natural specimen of Tetrawickmanite (Langban, Sweden) with the ideal composition of Mn2+Sn4+(OH)6 (tetragonal space group P42/n, Z = 4, single crystal XRD) belongs to the octahedral‐framework group of hydroxide‐perovskite minerals described by the general formula BB′(OH)6.
ChemInform Abstract: Vacancy Ordering as a Driving Factor for Structural Changes in Ternary Germanides: The New R2Zn1‐xGe6 Series of Polar Intermetallics (R: Rare‐Earth Metal).
Authors: Solokha Pavlo , De Negri Serena , Proserpio Davide M. , Blatov Vladislav A. , Saccone Adriana
Published: April 2015

The new compounds Ln2Zn1‐xGe6 (Ln: La—Nd, Sm, Gd—Ho) are prepared from the elements (Ta crucible, 950 °C) and characterized by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Study of Polymorphism and Thermal Behavior of CaZr(PO4)2.
Authors: Bregiroux Damien , Wallez Gilles , Popa Karin
Published: April 2015

The crystal structure of the title compound is revised by ab initio Rietveld analysis of powder XRD data.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of the Mixed‐Metal Thiophosphate Nb1.18V0.82PS10.
Authors: Sun Joobin , Heo Jiyun , Yun Hoseop
Published: April 2015

Nb1.18V0.82PS10 is prepared by reaction of the elements in a KCl flux (Nb:V:P:S = 1:1:1:10; evacuated silica tubes, 650 K, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of the Intermetallic Compound Ni18Ge12.
Authors: Kars Mohammed , Gomez Herrero Adrian , Roisnel Thierry , Rebbah Allaoua , Otero‐Diaz L. Carlos
Published: April 2015

Single crystals of Ni18Ge12 are grown by chemical transport from a mixture of the elements (quartz tube, 1073 K).
ChemInform Abstract: Fragment‐Based Design of NbRuB as a New Metal‐Rich Boride Superconductor.
Authors: Xie Weiwei , Luo Huixia , Baroudi Kristen , Krizan Jason W. , Phelan Brendan F. , Cava Robert J.
Published: April 2015

The title compound is synthesized by arc‐melting of the elements and characterized by powder and single crystal XRD, electrical resistivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements, and by TB‐LMTO‐ASA calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Members of the Niobium‐Substituted Polytungstophosphate Family Based on Hexalacunary [H2P2W12O48]12‐ Building Blocks.
Authors: Zhang Dongdi , Zhang Chao , Ma Pengtao , Bassil Bassem S. , Al‐Oweini Rami , Kortz Ulrich , Wang Jingping , Niu Jingyang
Published: April 2015

The new compounds (III) and (V) are characterized by single crystal XRD, IR, and NMR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Enantiopure C3‐Symmetric Bulky Trialkanolamines and Their Enantioselective Inductivity During the Alkynylation of Aldehydes.
Authors: Zhang An‐Lin , Yang Li‐Wen , Yang Nian‐Fa , Zhang Jing
Published: April 2015

New C3‐symmetric (S,S,S)‐triisopropanolamines are easily obtained with high regioselectivity from bulky epoxides and ammonia in the presence of molecular sieves.
ChemInform Abstract: Podand‐Based Dimeric Chromium(III)—Salen Complex for Asymmetric Henry Reaction: Cooperative Catalysis Promoted by Complexation of Alkali Metal Ions.
Authors: Ouyang Guang‐Hui , He Yan‐Mei , Fan Qing‐Hua
Published: April 2015

A new kind of podand‐based dimeric salen ligand is synthesized, and its association with potassium cations is investigated by 1H NMR spectroscopy.