bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic potential of multi-targeting phytochemicals derived from Apium graveolens ethanol extract in West Java, Indonesia against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: SUFA HAFIZAH ILMI , KURNIATI IIS , DERMAWAN ASEP , ABROR YOGI KHOIRUL , INDRA ASEP IIN NUR , PURKON DICKI BAKHTIAR
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Sufa HI, Kurniati I, Dermawan A, Abror YK, Indra AIN, Purkon DB. 2024. Therapeutic potential of multi-targeting phytochemicals derived from Apium graveolens ethanol extract in West Java, Indonesia against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biodiversitas 25: 2183-2190. This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of Apium graveolens (AG) extract from West Java, Indonesia against MDR-P. aeruginosa species responsible for nosocomial infection. Several assessments of antibacterial activity in vitro were conducted, including the enumeration of bacterial colonies, the measurement of the inhibition zone by agar well diffusion, determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) values, and the observation of cell damage using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results have demonstrated that AG extract from West Java, Indonesia, possesses significant potential as an antimicrobial agent against MDR-P. aeruginosa. The Apium graveolens extract, at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 mg/mL, reduced MDR-P. aeruginosa colonies by 59.3%, 65.7%, and 82%, respectively. The inhibition zone sizes ranged from 7 to 12 mm for 50 mg/mL, 8 to 16 mm for 100 mg/mL, and 16 to 17 mm for 200 mg/mL. The MIC values of 100 mg/mL for PA1 and PA3, 200 mg/mL for PA2, with an MBC value of 200 mg/mL for each test. Scanning electron microscope observation indicated that treatment with 100 mg/mL of AG extract caused significant damage to bacterial cells. In conclusion, A. graveolens extracts show promise as potential antibacterial agents against nosocomial infections caused by MDR-P. aeruginosa. Further research, including in vivo studies of the antibacterial mechanism of action, is warranted.
Microbial consortium formulation in liquid organic fertilizer for managing bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae), rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae), and enhancing rice productivity
Authors: NURCAHYANTI SUHARTININGSIH DWI , MASNILAH RACHMI , BUDIMAN SUBHAN ARIF , TANZIL AHMAD ILHAM , NURDIKA ANGGI ANWAR HENDRA
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Nurcahyanti SD, Masnilah R, Budiman SA, Tanzil AI, Nurdika AAH. 2024. Microbial consortium formulation in liquid organic fertilizer for managing bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae), rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae), and enhancing rice productivity. Biodiversitas 25: 2208-2220. The productivity of rice is significantly influenced by soil fertility and plant diseases as limiting factors. The overreliance on synthetic fertilizers and pesticides in rice cultivation has led to declining land quality. We propose the utilization of Liquid Organic Fertilizers (LOF) enriched with beneficial microbes as a sustainable solution to maintain soil fertility and protect plants from pathogens. Our research specifically focuses on the formulation of LOF enriched with the microbial consortium to enhance rice productivity and suppress bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae), and rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae) diseases. The three LOF treatments were formulated from vegetable and fruit waste (FV), Rice Straw (RS), and Cattle Manure (CM) with a microbial consortium consisting of Pseudomonas putida Pf10, Bacillus subtilis JB12, and Trichoderma sp. The results showed that the LOF from the three materials is suitable for the growth of the microbial consortium with a population of 104-109 CFU/mL, has macro-micronutrient content, pH at 6.5-6.8, and C-organic to support plant growth. The applications of the three types of LOF were able to suppress the severity of bacterial leaf blight by up to 21% and rice blast by 4% at eight weeks after inoculation. All LOF treatments are capable of enhancing the growth and production of rice. There were no significant differences in LOF materials for disease suppression, growth, and rice production.
Antibiotic production by an endophytic Streptomyces isolated from the medicinal plant Poikilospermum suaveolens
Authors: ALI ALIMUDDIN , PASSITTA MUHARRAM , RANTE HERLINA , WAHYUDIN ELLY , DJIDE NANA JUNIARTI NATSIR , POLITAN ROLAND JANSEN , NUR ELYZA AIMAN , SHIGENO SATORU , OHTE SATOSHI , KOBAYASHI KEISUKE , HOSODA KANJI , TOMODA HIROSHI , OHSHIRO TAICHI
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Ali A, Passitta M, Rante H, Wahyudin E, Djide NJN, Politan RJ, Nur EA, Shigeno S, Ohte S, Kobayashi K, Hosoda K, Tomoda H, Ohshiro T. 2024. Antibiotic production by an endophytic Streptomyces isolated from the medicinal plant Poikilospermum suaveolens. Biodiversitas 25: 2221-2229. This study investigates the antibiotic production potential of endophytic actinomycetes isolated from Poikilospermum suaveolens plants. Samples were collected from various parts of the plant in karst ecosystems. Endophytic actinomycetes were cultured and screened for antimicrobial activity using agar diffusion and liquid microdilution methods. One of the 11 isolated strains exhibited significant antibiotic activity against clinically relevant organisms identified as belonging to the Streptomyces genus, specifically Streptomyces mirabilis strain NRRL ISP-5169. Submerged fermentation of this strain over 9 days showed strong antagonistic effects against Gram-positive bacteria. Spectroscopic analyses confirmed the presence of actinomycin D as the bioactive compound. This study provides on the previously unexplored potential of endophytic actinomycetes from P. suaveolens as a promising resource for antibiotic discovery.
Sustainability strategy for turtle conservation in Kelapa Dua Island, Kepulauan Seribu District, Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: GULO GRACIELLA STEVANI , TUMUYU SRI SETIAWATI , PATRIA MUFTI PETALA
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Gulo GS, Tumuyu SS, Patria MP. 2024. Sustainability strategy for turtle conservation in Kelapa Dua Island, Kepulauan Seribu District, Jakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2307-2314. The background of this research stems from the excessive exploitation and shift from subsistence to commercial use that has caused a decline in turtle populations. Therefore, it is necessary to safeguard turtle populations within Indonesia's distinct marine habitats, particularly at SPTN (National Park Management) I, Kelapa Dua Island, Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta, Indonesia. Addressing the challenges in turtle conservation, this study systematically collected data through expert interviews, providing in-depth insights into the conservation landscape. The research methodology includes data collection via expert interviews and subsequent analysis using the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) method, providing a strategic framework to enhance conservation outcomes. The results highlight the critical need for habitat protection, stakeholder involvement, and rigorous law enforcement. Based on the four alternative strategies that have been prepared, the S-T strategy approach has the highest score, namely 4, making it a priority strategy for sustainable turtle conservation on Kelapa Dua Island. The following strategic priorities are W-O strategy, S-O strategy and W-T strategy. This study's conclusion shows suitable strategies for research problems, such as advocation for habitat protection, active stakeholder involvement, and strict law enforcement to ensure the effectiveness and sustainability of conservation initiatives.
«Pasaporte a la profesión» en el grado de Farmacia: análisis y valoración del periodo 2015-2023
Authors: Turcu Andreea L. , Escolano-Mirón Carmen , Halbaut-Bellowa Lyda , Encarna García-Montoya Encarna
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCCIÓN. Desde 2015, la Facultad de Farmacia y Ciencias de la Alimentación de la Universidad de Barcelona implementa el programa «Pasaporte a la profesión» para vincular la formación académica del alumnado del grado de Farmacia con el mundo laboral. Este programa enfatiza la experiencia práctica y el desarrollo profesional mediante actividades, a fin de mejorar las oportunidades laborales de los estudiantes y prepararlos para los desafíos profesionales. En este artículo se analiza el progreso, la eficacia, el impacto del programa y sus áreas de mejora.
MÉTODO. Se hizo un análisis comparativo utilizando las encuestas de satisfacción recopiladas entre los años 2015 y 2023. El estudio incluyó los datos sobre la evolución de la participación de los estudiantes, la evaluación de las sesiones y la identificación de puntos débiles del programa, entre otros parámetros.
RESULTADOS y DISCUSIÓN. Destaca la alta valoración del programa por parte de los participantes, siendo necesarias mejoras en su difusión y en algunas áreas de contenidos. En consecuencia, se ha creado una hoja de ruta para el «Pasaporte a la profesión» con la intención de conseguir que el programa cumpla y supere sus objetivos educativos, adaptándose a las necesidades cambiantes de los estudiantes y del mercado laboral.
Black Female Adolescents and Sexual Violence: A Quantitative Investigation
Authors: Spence Cynthia Neal
Published: July 2024

Abstract: According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Black teenagers are disproportionately impacted by sexual violence. It is estimated that millions of Black teens experience intimate interpersonal violence each year. Black girls are more likely than any other marginalized group to experience sexual violence. According to the National Center on Violence Against Black Women, it is estimated that one in four Black girls will be sexually assaulted before the age of 18. The more information one has concerning how social determinants serve as conduits and barriers to the prevalence of sexual violence, the more beneficial to all communities, and especially Black girls and women. To help fill this gap in knowledge, this paper utilizes critical race theory and intersectionality as theoretical frameworks; employs secondxary analysis of the Black adolescent girls sample within the Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as well as hierarchical logistical regression modeling to examine the relative impact of positive health behaviors, sexual behavior, and key demographics on whether a respondent had ever experienced sexual violence. Further, to examine gender differences across these relationships for Black adolescents, analyses are performed first for both genders and then separately for male and female respondents. The findings suggest that Black adolescent females who do not engage in risky health behaviors are less likely to experience sexual violence. This study demonstrates that the experience of sexual violence is not directly correlated with risky health behaviors, but the results do suggest that overindulgence in any of the identified risky behavior could create a climate conducive for the experience of sexual violence.
The Impact of the National Export Strategy on the Plastics and Packaging Industry in Malawi
Authors: Mwachande Yassin , Viljoen Kotie , Pretorius Marinda
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT: Export-led industrialization is crucial for economic growth, emphasizing the shift from primary production to manufacturing. Malawi aims for industrialization through its National Export Strategy (NES), focusing on oilseed and sugarcane products and manufacturing. However, research gaps exist on export promotion programs’ impact, especially in less developed countries like Malawi and specific sectors like plastics and packaging. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining qualitative and quantitative methods for robust analysis. All 13 firms in Malawi’s plastics and packaging industry were surveyed in Blantyre and Lilongwe to assess the impact of the National Export Strategy (NES). A questionnaire with 37 questions across six sections, adapted from prior research, was used to gather comprehensive data on various aspects such as employment, production, and investment. Ethical clearance was obtained, and completed questionnaires underwent thorough review before data analysis. Results are presented in subsequent sections. The impact of Malawi’s National Export Strategy (NES) on its plastics and packaging industry highlights vital challenges. Employment suffers from a lack of skilled labor, stemming from a mismatch with training institutions. Firms struggle with limited access to finance and high borrowing costs, hindering investment. High taxes and duties hamper export competitiveness, while unreliable energy supply increases operational costs. Additionally, transportation expenses impede raw material imports, exports, and local distribution. These findings underscore the need to address skill mismatches, enhance financial access, reduce trade barriers, and improve infrastructure to bolster the industry’s resilience and competitiveness under the NES. Policy implications include collaborating with financial institutions to enhance access to grants and affordable credit, imposing higher import taxes on finished products to protect local producers, improving energy supply, enhancing transportation infrastructure, introducing incentives for investment in support services, raising awareness of NES benefits, and establishing industry-specific meetings to address sector-specific issues. These measures aim to bolster the plastics and packaging industry’s competitiveness and support its growth under the NES.
From Patriarchal Motherhood to Feminist Mothering? The Depiction of the Single Mother Tongbaek in the K-drama When the Camellia Blooms (2019)
Authors: Wall Barbara
Published: July 2024

Abstract: The South Korean television series When the Camellia Blooms ( Tongbaekkot p'il muryŏp , 2019) was one of the highest-rated and most-discussed miniseries dramas of 2019. It is notable that the K-drama has succeeded in attracting viewers from all demographics. This popularity seems to be related to the issues that are highlighted in the drama, such as the #MeToo movement, misogynist murders, and new concepts of family. This article focuses on the portrayal of the single mother Tongbaek in the drama and argues that When the Camellia Blooms used intertextual references to other single mothers from Korean literature and film as a contrast to portray its own message as progressive. The title alone suggests understanding When the Camellia Blooms in relation to both the title of the short story When Buckwheat Flowers Bloom ( Memilkkot p'il muryŏp ) from 1936 and the film title Ms. Camellia ( Tongbaek agassi ) from 1964. Both the short story and the film depict the single mother as a self-victimizing character reduced to her role as mother. In contrast, the K-drama chooses the other extreme and celebrates the single mother as a self-sufficient heroine. While the drama's idealization of motherhood seems to be at odds with the feminism it promotes, the emphasis on solidarity and alternative parenting/caring communities toward the end of the series suggests a more open-minded narrative. I argue that by providing diverse messages on mothers, mothering, and motherhood, the drama stimulates the discussion on how to overcome patriarchal motherhood and move toward feminist mothering.
Pixel-level classification of pigmented skin cancer lesions using multispectral autofluorescence lifetime dermoscopy imaging
Authors: Vasanthakumari Priyanka , Romano Renan A. , Rosa Ramon G. T. , Salvio Ana G. , Yakovlev Vladislav , Kurachi Cristina , Hirshburg Jason M. , Jo Javier A.
Published: July 2024

There is no clinical tool available to primary care physicians or dermatologists that could provide objective identification of suspicious skin cancer lesions. Multispectral autofluorescence lifetime imaging (maFLIM) dermoscopy enables label-free biochemical and metabolic imaging of skin lesions. This study investigated the use of pixel-level maFLIM dermoscopy features for objective discrimination of malignant from visually similar benign pigmented skin lesions. Clinical maFLIM dermoscopy images were acquired from 60 pigmented skin lesions before undergoing a biopsy examination. Random forest and deep neural networks classification models were explored, as they do not require explicit feature selection. Feature pools with either spectral intensity or bi-exponential maFLIM features, and a combined feature pool, were independently evaluated with each classification model. A rigorous cross-validation strategy tailored for small-size datasets was adopted to estimate classification performance. Time-resolved bi-exponential autofluorescence features were found to be critical for accurate detection of malignant pigmented skin lesions. The deep neural network model produced the best lesion-level classification, with sensitivity and specificity of 76.84%±12.49% and 78.29%±5.50%, respectively, while the random forest classifier produced sensitivity and specificity of 74.73%±14.66% and 76.83%±9.58%, respectively. Results from this study indicate that machine-learning driven maFLIM dermoscopy has the potential to assist doctors with identifying patients in real need of biopsy examination, thus facilitating early detection while reducing the rate of unnecessary biopsies.
Double-link-failure-tolerant shared protection for fully coupled/half-split switchable point-to-multipoint coherent optical systems
Authors: Kodama Takahiro , Nakagawa Tomoya , Eguchi Shota , Shimada Keiji , Matsumoto Ryosuke
Published: July 2024

Beyond 5G, the next-generation wireless communication standard requires an optical communication network with a more reliable point-to-multipoint system. A highly reliable, futuristic point-to-multipoint coherent optical system must update wavelength-division-multiplexing-based passive optical networks to a more disaster-resistant architecture that can switch between bypass and backup links. We propose, to our knowledge, a novel link-pair shared protection that can respond locally to double-link failures that result from a significant disaster. We validate the high availability of several network configurations, assuming a double-link disconnection, can be obtained irrespective of the transmission distance of the feeder fiber. We experimentally demonstrate link-pair shared protection with bidirectional wavelength pre-assignment for two of the four feeder fiber failures and validate a penalty of less than 2 dB for double-link failures. Furthermore, we prove that reconnection can be performed with a penalty of at most 2 dB in an experiment with shared protection with a single-link broadcast-and-select function that can manage partial double-link failures using a simple configuration.
Improved multi-input parameter optimization method for camera colorimetric characterization
Authors: Jia Xiangmiao , Li Yumei , Gu Huarong , Wang Hongyuan , Cao Liangcai
Published: July 2024

In order to improve the
accuracy of camera colorimetric characterization, a multi-input
parameter optimization method was proposed in this paper. The input
parameters of the traditional camera characterization method were
generally RGB values; in the proposed method, the luminance parameter
L was introduced in addition to RGB values, and the four-input
parameters of RGBL were used as input parameters for the conversion
model. In the experiment, 549 colors were uniformly selected from the
Munsell Book of Color (Matte Edition), and the RGBL values and
corresponding CIEXYZ values of the selected colors were measured by a
spectroradiometer and three cameras, including an imaging luminance
meter, respectively. Then, a polynomial model and a backpropagation
(BP) neural network model were employed to establish the improved
color conversion model with RGBL four-input parameters, which was
compared with three-input parameter models to verify the effectiveness
of the proposed method. Experimental results show that the proposed
method can significantly improve the conversion accuracy and reduce
the color difference with a maximum reduction of 57.7% in CIELAB.
Optical spin and orbital Hall effects at the tight focus of the superposition of two coaxial cylindrical vector beams with different-parity numbers
Authors: Kotlyar V. V. , Kovalev A. A. , Stafeev S. S. , Telegin A. M.
Published: July 2024

We study properties of a light field at the tight focus of the superposition of two different-order cylindrical vector beams (CVBs). In the source plane, this superposition has a polarization singularity index amounting to the half-sum of the numbers of two constituent CVBs, while having neither spin angular momentum (SAM) nor transverse energy flow. We show that if the constituent CVBs have different-parity numbers, in the focal plane there occur areas that have opposite-sign longitudinal SAM projections, alongside areas of opposite-handed energy flows rotating on closed paths (clockwise and anticlockwise). The observed phenomena indicate that longitudinal optical spin/orbital Hall effects occur in the focal plane. It is found that if the two constituent CVBs have the same-parity numbers, in the focal plane the light field is inhomogeneously linearly polarized and the energy flow (Umov-Poytning vector) has just a longitudinal component. It is also shown that in the focal plane, the intensity of the on-axis superposition of two opposite-parity CVBs is defined by the sum of the constituent beams’ intensities, as though the two beams would be orthogonally polarized. Meanwhile, in the source plane, the beams under study are not orthogonally polarized and the relation for the intensity contains an interference term.
Vibration-resistant Fizeau interferometry using three-cavity multiplexing
Authors: Zong Yi , Duan Mingliang , Yu Caiyun , Liu Yixuan , Zhong Yongshen , Huang Huitong , Li Jianxin
Published: July 2024

This study demonstrates a three-cavity multiplexing vibration-resistant Fizeau interferometry (TCM). The method injects a vibration-measurement pass (VMP), which utilizes three-cavity hybrid interference for the transmission of phase and vibration information, to the Fizeau phase-measurement pass (PMP). Moreover, the VMP is demultiplexed using the temporal difference of mixed fringes and synchronous phase-shifting phase extraction of difference fringe to obtain the vibration information, which is then used to calculate the measured phase combined with PMP. The feasibility and performance of the TCM are demonstrated experimentally. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first proposal of the TCM that not only solves the effect of vibration and null-fringe demodulation but also features a common path, simple testing process, and low system complexity.
Automating physical intuition in nonlinear fiber optics with unsupervised dominant balance search
Authors: Ermolaev Andrei V. , Finot Christophe , Genty Goëry , Dudley John M.
Published: July 2024

Identifying the underlying processes that locally dominate physical interactions is the key to understanding nonlinear dynamics. Machine-learning techniques have recently been shown to be highly promising in automating the search for dominant physics, adding important insights that complement analytical methods and empirical intuition. Here we apply a fully unsupervised approach to the search for dominant balance during nonlinear and dispersive propagation in an optical fiber and show that we can algorithmically identify dominant interactions in cases of optical wavebreaking, soliton fission, dispersive wave generation, and Raman soliton emergence. We discuss how dominant balance manifests both in the temporal and spectral domains.
Data-based systematic error extraction and compensation methods based on wavelet transform in ultra-precision optical polishing
Authors: Li Hanjie , Wan Songlin , Jiang Pandeng , Yan Shuo , Han Yichi , Wang Lin , Niu Zhenqi , Hu Chen , Jiang Guochang , Cao Zhen , Zhang Yifan , Wei Chaoyang , Shao Jianda
Published: July 2024

Sub-aperture polishing is a key technique for fabricating ultra-precision optics. However, the existence of the polishing errors that are difficult to be compensated by physical modeling seriously affects the manufacturing accuracy and efficiency of optical components. To address this problem, a data-based systematic error extraction and compensation (DSEC) method was proposed to enhance the polishing accuracy on optics. To maximize the extraction quality in a small dataset condition, the wavelet transform is introduced into the extraction process, and the uncertainty of the piston term in the interferometer measurement is improved by L1-norm optimization. Furthermore, two typical error sources (loss of polishing fluid in the edge and the robot trajectory error) are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method; in experimental verification, the root mean square (RMS) of the surface figure of a ϕ85-mm mirror was decreased from 0.069λ to 0.017λ, and the RMS of the 610 × 440 mm mirrors was achieved at 0.019λ after the edge compensation, where the polishing accuracy can be improved by more than 4 times; additionally, the RMS of the surface figure with an effective aperture of 480 × 360 mm mirror was reached at 0.011λ after the trajectory error compensation, where the polishing accuracy can be improved by more than 2 times. The proposed DSEC model offers insights that will help achieve advancement in the sub-aperture polishing process.
Address model mismatch and defocus in FZA lensless imaging via model-driven CycleGAN
Authors: Ni Cong , Yang Chen , Zhang Xinye , Li Yusen , Zhang Wenwen , Zhai Yusheng , He Weiji , Chen Qian
Published: July 2024

Mask-based lensless imaging systems suffer from model mismatch and defocus. In this Letter, we propose a model-driven CycleGAN, MDGAN, to reconstruct objects within a long distance. MDGAN includes two translation cycles for objects and measurements respectively, each consisting of a forward propagation and a backward reconstruction module. The backward module resembles the Wiener-U-Net, and the forward module consists of the estimated image formation model of a Fresnel zone aperture camera (FZACam), followed by CNN to compensate for the model mismatch. By imposing cycle consistency, the backward module can adaptively match the actual depth-varying imaging process. We demonstrate that MDGAN based on either a simulated or calibrated imaging model produces a higher-quality image compared to existing methods. Thus, it can be applied to other mask-based systems.
P
T-symmetric photonic lattices with type-II Dirac cones
Authors: Tang Qian , Belić Milivoj R. , Zhong Hua , Cao Meng , Li Yongdong , Zhang Yiqi
Published: July 2024

The type-II Dirac cone is a special feature of the band structure, whose Fermi level is represented by a pair of crossing lines. It has been demonstrated that such a structure is useful for investigating topological edge solitons and, more specifically, for mimicking the Klein tunneling. However, it is still not clear what the interplay between type-II Dirac cones and the non-Hermiticity mechanism will result in. Here, this question is addressed; in particular, we report the PT-symmetric photonic lattices with type-II Dirac cones for the first time to our knowledge. We identify a slope-exceptional ring and name it the type-II exceptional ring. We display the restoration of the PT symmetry of the lattice by reducing the separation between the sites in the unit cell. Curiously, the amplitude of the beam during propagation in the non-Hermitian lattice with PT symmetry only decays because of diffraction, whereas in the PT symmetry-broken lattice it will be amplified, even though the beam still diffracts. This work establishes the link between the non-Hermiticity mechanism and the violation of Lorentz invariance in these physical systems.
Finger switch type hand shaking sensor for VR-HMD
Authors: Ogata Yoichi
Published: July 2024

Though VR game is the one of the preferable gaming methods in the world, HMD is needed to play it. Wearing a VR-HMD provides a closing space with the user resulting in enhancement of the immersive sense. On the other hand, there was a problem that the user cannot see front. In such a situation, the user may hit to objects such as wall, pole, door, and steps in the VR facility room and thus it was danger. To avoid this situation, any sensor devise should be integrated to the VR-HMD. So far, solution devises for this problem, ex. warning alarm, have been developed. However, the user did not notice by where objects are in the room even if alarm was ringing.
Vergleich der Umsetzungsoptionen für Steuersysteme im Verbund im Energiesektor: Sicherheitsanforderungen, Effizienz und Wirksamkeit auf zentraler und dezentraler Ebene
Authors: Müller Sven , Müller Kevin , Hartmann Kilian , Weindl Christian
Published: July 2024

Der stetige Wandel von einer auf fossilen Rohstoffen basierenden Energieversorgung hin zu einer Versorgung auf Basis erneuerbarer Energien dient u. a. dem Ziel der Reduzierung des Kohlenstoffdioxidausstoßes. Dieser Wandel führt neben der Einsparung von Kohlenstoffdioxid zu einem Handlungsbedarf im Stromnetz, da durch die Substitution von steuerbaren durch dargebotsabhängige Erzeuger der Ausgleich zwischen Last und Erzeugung nicht mehr wie bisher durchgeführt werden kann. Ein möglicher Ansatz zur Lösung dieses Problems, ist zusätzlich zum Netzausbau die Ausgestaltung eines Smart Grids, welches durch Steuersysteme anhand verschiedener Netz‑, Umwelt- sowie ökonomischer Parameter erreicht werden kann.

Dieser Artikel untersucht verschiedene zentrale und dezentrale Konzepte für die Datenhaltung in Smart Grid-Steuersystemen sowie die Datenverarbeitung, wobei hier die Aspekte der lokalen und der cloudbasierten Verarbeitung betrachtet werden. Betrachtungsgegenstand bei der Datenhaltung sind relationale Datenbanken, Blockchain und NoSQL-Datenbanken. Nach einem Vergleich der verschiedenen Konzepte anhand der Parameter Datensicherheit, Konsistenz, Skalierbarkeit, Kosten, Latenz, Verfügbarkeit und Komplexität sowie einer Abstimmung mit den Anforderungen eines zuvor definierten Use-Case wird eine Beurteilung darüber abgegeben, welches Konzept am besten den Anforderungen entspricht. Der Beitrag schließt mit einem Ausblick und einer Handlungsempfehlung. Eine ausführliche Analyse für die Datenverarbeitung wird in einem zukünftigen Paper veröffentlicht.
The evolution of antimicrobial peptide resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is severely constrained by random peptide mixtures
Authors: Antunes Bernardo , Zanchi Caroline , Johnston Paul R. , Maron Bar , Witzany Christopher , Regoes Roland R. , Hayouka Zvi , Rolff Jens
Published: July 2024

The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens has become a major threat to public health, requiring swift initiatives for discovering new strategies to control bacterial infections. Hence, antibiotic stewardship and rapid diagnostics, but also the development, and prudent use, of novel effective antimicrobial agents are paramount. Ideally, these agents should be less likely to select for resistance in pathogens than currently available conventional antimicrobials. The usage of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), key components of the innate immune response, and combination therapies, have been proposed as strategies to diminish the emergence of resistance. Herein, we investigated whether newly developed random antimicrobial peptide mixtures (RPMs) can significantly reduce the risk of resistance evolution in vitro to that of single sequence AMPs, using the ESKAPE pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) as a model gram-negative bacterium. Infections of this pathogen are difficult to treat due the inherent resistance to many drug classes, enhanced by the capacity to form biofilms. P. aeruginosa was experimentally evolved in the presence of AMPs or RPMs, subsequentially assessing the extent of resistance evolution and cross-resistance/collateral sensitivity between treatments. Furthermore, the fitness costs of resistance on bacterial growth were studied and whole-genome sequencing used to investigate which mutations could be candidates for causing resistant phenotypes. Lastly, changes in the pharmacodynamics of the evolved bacterial strains were examined. Our findings suggest that using RPMs bears a much lower risk of resistance evolution compared to AMPs and mostly prevents cross-resistance development to other treatments, while maintaining (or even improving) drug sensitivity. This strengthens the case for using random cocktails of AMPs in favour of single AMPs, against which resistance evolved in vitro, providing an alternative to classic antibiotics worth pursuing.
Determinants and prevalence of zero-dose children in Somalia: Analysis of the 2020 Health Demographic Survey data
Authors: Mohamoud Said A. , Ali-Salad Mohamed Abdullahi , Bile Ahmed Said , Singh Neha S. , Mahmud Amina J. , Nor Barni
Published: July 2024

Despite global progress in childhood vaccination coverage, fragile and humanitarian countries, with high burden of infectious diseases, continue to report a significant number of zero-dose and under-vaccinated children. Efforts to equitably reach zero-dose children remain thus critical. This study assesses the prevalence and determinants of zero-dose children in fragile context of Somalia. We used secondary data from 2020 Somali Health and Demographic Survey (SHDS) to determine status of unvaccinated children aged between 12 to 23 months. Variables related to socio-demographic, household, health seeking, and community level factors were extracted from the SHDS data. Variables that were shown to be significantly associated with zero-dose children at p< 0.05 in the single logistic regression analysis were identified and included in a final multiple logistic regression analysis. A total of 2,304 women and their children aged between 12–23 months were used to determine the prevalence and determinants of zero dose children in Somalia. Approximately 60.2% of the children were zero dose children and did not receive any dose of the four basic routine vaccines. Children living in rural and nomadic areas were more likely to be zero dose (aOR 1.515, 95% CI: 1.189–1.93). Mother with primary education and above (aOR 0.519, 95% CI: 0.371–0.725), those who attended antenatal care (aOR 0.161, 95% CI: 0.124–0.209) and postnatal care (aOR 0.145, 95% CI: 0.085–0.245) and listen frequently to radio (aOR 2.212, 95% CI: 1.106–4.424) were less likely to have children with zero dose than with their counterparts. Majority of children under two years of age in Somalia are reported to be zero dose children. Context and population specific interventions that target vulnerable mothers and their children, in rural and nomadic areas, and from lower wealth quintile index families with no education and adequate access to antenatal and postnatal care remain critical.
Design and evaluation of a pneumatic actuation unit for a wasp-inspired self-propelled needle
Authors: Bloemberg Jette , Hoppener Bruce , Coolen Bram , Sakes Aimée , Breedveld Paul
Published: July 2024

Transperineal laser ablation is a minimally invasive thermo-ablative treatment for prostate cancer that requires the insertion of a needle for accurate optical fiber positioning. Needle insertion in soft tissues may cause tissue motion and deformation, resulting in tissue damage and needle positioning errors. In this study, we present a wasp-inspired self-propelled needle that uses pneumatic actuation to move forward with zero external push force, thus avoiding large tissue motion and deformation. The needle consists of six parallel 0.25-mm diameter Nitinol rods driven by a pneumatic actuation system. The pneumatic actuation system consists of Magnetic Resonance (MR) safe 3D-printed parts and off-the-shelf plastic screws. A self-propelled motion is achieved by advancing the needle segments one by one, followed by retracting them simultaneously. The advancing needle segment has to overcome a cutting and friction force, while the stationary needle segments experience a friction force in the opposite direction. The needle self-propels through the tissue when the friction force of the five stationary needle segments overcomes the sum of the friction and cutting forces of the advancing needle segment. We evaluated the prototype’s performance in 10-wt% gelatin phantoms and ex vivo porcine liver tissue inside a preclinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanner in terms of the slip ratio of the needle with respect to the phantom or liver tissue. Our results demonstrated that the needle was able to self-propel through the phantom and liver tissue with slip ratios of 0.912–0.955 and 0.88, respectively. The prototype is a promising step toward the development of self-propelled needles for MRI-guided transperineal laser ablation as a method to treat prostate cancer.
Effectiveness of non-pharmacological therapies for chronic pain in people with autoimmune diseases in Africa: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gebremeskel Gebreamlak Gebremedhn , Haile Teklehaimanot Gereziher , Gebrewahd Gebremeskel Tukue , Hailay Abrha , Aberhe Woldu , Mebrahtom Guesh , Zereabruk Kidane , Negash Assefa Iyasu , Gebrekidan Hailemikael , Tadesse Degena Bahrey
Published: July 2024

Background

Autoimmune diseases affect 5–10% of the global population and cause chronic pain and impaired functionality. Chronic pain management involves pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, with non-pharmacological options gaining attention as safe, effective, and cost-effective alternatives. However, further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of these therapies in African patients with autoimmune diseases, as existing evidence varies.

Methods

This review protocol has been registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, CRD42023449896). Electronic databases (PubMed, Africa Index Medicus, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science) will be used for searching published articles. The study will use R for data synthesis, employing a random-effects meta-analysis approach to calculate pooled effect sizes, assess heterogeneity using the I2 statistic, and evaluate publication bias. In conclusion, this protocol aims to fill the knowledge gap on non-pharmacological therapies for chronic pain in patients with autoimmune diseases in Africa. It will potentially enhance evidence-based decision-making to improve pain management and, hence, the quality of life of people with autoimmune diseases in Africa.
Spanish media coverage of journalistic artificial intelligence: relevance, topics and framing
Authors: Parratt-Fernández Sonia , Chaparro-Domínguez María-Ángeles , Martín-Sánchez Isabel-María
Published: July 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a much-discussed topic due to its implementation in many areas, including journalism. This article examines the coverage of journalistic AI in Spanish written media, in particular the relevance allocated to it, the topics that are addressed, and the framing from which it is approached. Quantitative content analysis and statistical analysis were used. Although journalistic AI only appears as the main topic in a third of cases, it is increasingly present, it is distributed across more sections, and it mostly appears in self-written articles. Despite informative texts prevailing, journalists author the majority of interpretative and practically all opinion pieces, thus increasing knowledge and promoting public debate. They deal largely with the most widespread application of AI, which is news automation, ranking well above the issues of job loss and ethics. Although journalistic AI is generally framed from a perspective of its benefits rather than from its risks, some recent changes are observed: growing concern about its dangers and its ethical implications; the detection of numerous pieces with a Personal Frame, where journalists reflect on their profession and the use of ChatGPT; and the growing relevance of the Episodic Frame as specific AI products develop. This study could have examined all types of media, although that approach would have gone beyond the exploratory nature of this pioneering research. With this work we extend scientific production on journalistic AI in Spain, where this perspective has not been analysed.
Un viaje por la historia reciente de nuestros acontecimientos sociopolíticos y su reflejo en las redes sociales [Reseña]
Authors: Díaz-Cerveró Elba
Published: July 2024

El libro Interacciones en redes sociales y sus efectos en el mundo real: reflexiones sobre una década de profundos cambios sociales y tecnológicos propone a sus lectores un viaje por la historia reciente de todos los continentes, en especial de América y Europa. El objetivo de su autor, el académico Daniel de la Garza, es contarnos la evolución de las nuevas tecnologías aplicadas a la comunicación desde finales del siglo XX hasta 2023, haciendo hincapié en lo acontecido entre 2010 y 2018. Con un tono absolutamente cabal, el investigador -quien es doctor en Comunicación y también en Filosofía con orientación en Ciencias Políticas- no escatima en ofrecer todos los matices posibles a la realidad, y, aunque relaciona en muchos fragmentos de su libro las redes sociales con su capacidad de polarizar el discurso político, también incide en que el potencial incendiario de estas es menor en aquellos lugares del mundo donde existe una prensa independiente. En línea con esta idea de la polarización, aparece en el libro el fenómeno inevitable de los bulos. Para contrarrestarlos, su autor resalta la necesidad de un cada vez más escaso periodismo de investigación, que en estos tiempos que corren se encuentra en crisis.
Darwin, Pearson, Marshall és a várakozások megjelenése a közgazdaságtanban – Darwin, Pearson, Marshall and the Emergence of Expectations in Economics
Authors: Meyer Dietmar , Tóth-Bozó Brigitta
Published: July 2024

A közgazdaságtan a gazdasági szereplők döntéseinek következményeit vizsgálja, amennyiben ezek a következmények a termékek előállítását, elosztását, cseréjét és az egyének és a társadalom jólétét befolyásolják. A döntések alapja sokféle lehet, de közös jellemzőjük, hogy a döntéshozók jövőképei – elvárások, elképzelések, prognózisok – jelentősen befolyásolják a folyamatokat. Ezt a mozzanatot a XIX. század végétől a várakozások segítségével próbálják megragadni. Jelen tanulmány a fejlemények legelső fázisára fókuszál: Hogyan is lett a kezdeti, szinte mellékesen kezelt jelenségből fontos közgazdasági változó? Az elemzés során kimutatjuk, hogy a közgazdaságtan – mint már annyiszor – ebben a kérdésben is más tudományok eredményeire támaszkodhatott és támaszkodott, mégpedig az angol filozófia, a Darwin-féle evolúcióelmélet és a statisztika akkori eredményeit használták fel. Az események helyszíne is beazonosítható: Anglia, ahol a XIX. század második felére olyan egyedüli kapcsolatrendszer alakult ki, amely kedvező feltételeket biztosított a tudományos alapokon megfogalmazott várakozások megjelenéséhez.
On the Network of the Reception of Adam Smith
Authors: Bertók Rózsa
Published: July 2024

Ongoing research on Adam Smith is constantly opening up new chapters. The anniversary of his 300th birthday is a good opportunity to uncover certain unknown and misunderstood details of his oeuvre. The present paper aims to reveal missing data and contexts, to overwrite existing stereotypes concerning his thoughts and, last but not least, to implement new methods and results of interdisciplinary research.
A Forgotten Moral Value: Prudence
Authors: Bécsi Zsófia
Published: July 2024

What we consider a virtue at a certain age depends on a lot of circumstances. It must also be taken into account at which age we can interpret which virtue at all. Prudence is a virtue whose importance and role can also be measured in the usage of words of the given era. Nowadays, very few people know the term, but explaining the content of it is a difficulty in itself, let alone transferring it from the passive to the active vocabulary. The real stake of the question is not a linguistic, but an ethical one. First of all, I examine the meaning of the concept, and then I turn to how Adam Smith analyses it in his work The Theory of Moral Sentiments. Next, I examine which thinkers influenced Smith's theories about prudence and which contemporaries in the Enlightenment had similar or different opinions about the same concept. Finally, I evaluate the importance of all the features that prudence includes in the conditions of the 21st century, and what possibilities and ways there are for their linguistic expression.
Mindent (?) az egyenlőtlenségekről – Recenzió Branko Milanovic „Visions of Inequality - From the French Revolution to the End of the Cold War” című könyvéről
Authors: Csathó Ábel
Published: July 2024

Ez a könyv nem adja magát olyan könnyen, mint a szerző globális egyenlőtlenségekről szóló kötete, amelynek elefánt-görbéje a világsajtó minden zegzugát bejárta. Ugyanakkor, ha valaki érdeklődik a gazdaságtörténet, a politikai gazdaságtan, vagy akár a gazdaságpolitika iránt, annak e kötet nagy kincs lehet. Az unalomig (félre)ismert szerzők olyan oldalát mutatja be ugyanis, amelyet még nem ismertünk, így strukturáltan, logikailag összekötve a fontosabb pontokat, legalábbis biztosan nem. Milanovic virtuozitásában pedig továbbra is jó szívvel gyönyörködhetünk.
Fabrication and Evaluation of Spectroscopic Grade Quasi-hemispherical CdZnTe Detector
Authors: Park Beomjun , Jung Kyungeun , Kim Changsoo
Published: July 2024

Background: This study focuses on the fabrication and characterization of quasi-hemispherical Cd0.9Zn0.1Te (CZT) detector for gamma-ray spectroscopy applications, aiming to contribute to advancements in radiation measurement and research.Materials and Methods: A CZT ingot was grown using the vertical Bridgman technique, followed by proper fabrication processes including wafering, polishing, chemical etching, electrode deposition, and passivation. Response properties were evaluated under various external bias voltages using gamma-ray sources such as Co-57, Ba-133, and Cs-137.Results and Discussion: The fabricated quasi-hemispherical CZT detector demonstrated sufficient response properties across a wide range of gamma-ray energies, with sufficient energy resolution and peak distinguishability. Higher external bias voltages led to improved performance in terms of energy resolution and peak shape. However, further improvements in defect properties are necessary to enhance detector performance under low bias conditions.Conclusion: This study underscores the efficacy of quasi-hemispherical CZT detector for gamma- ray spectroscopy, providing valuable insights for enhancing their capabilities in radiation research field.
Emergencia del marco del Indo Pacífico en Estados Unidos de América, re-centralización del Océano Índico y dilemas para la India entrado el Siglo XXI
Authors: Gonzalo Manuel
Published: July 2024

El marco del Indo Pacífico ha ganado relevancia en las últimas décadas pasando a ocupar fuerte centralidad geopolítica para los Estados Unidos de América, Europa y los países del Océano Índico, posicionándose inclusive como una narrativa alternativa a la de la nueva Franja y la Ruta de la Seda. El objetivo y la contribución de este escrito es presentar una breve revisión introductoria en español sobre la emergencia y proliferación del marco del Indo Pacífico; indicar y contextualizar la re-centralización geoeconómica del Océano Índico; e introducir una serie de impresiones acerca de la postura externa, el rol y los desafíos que se le presentan a la India en este contexto. Se le da relevancia a elementos geo-históricos relativos al Océano Índico y a dinámicas geopolíticas y geoeconómicas contemporáneas en torno al Océano Índico y a la India. Se hace uso de mapas explicativos y se introduce una revisión de autores y documentos oficiales tanto de la India y como otros países de Asia del Sur y de Occidente.
When the Ruling-Class Parties Harden
Authors: Anugrah Iqra
Published: July 2024

Iqra Angurah elucidates the strategic role in the Indo-Pacific in the context of the New Cold War and, in particular, the country's close ties to the forces of multinational capital and Western imperialism. The alignment of the Global North and local elites underscores the need for a popular, socialist, and anti-imperialist movement among the Indonesian working class.