bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD) and Cancer Symptom Reporting in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Giblon Rachel , Sutradhar Rinku , Mahar Alyson
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Symptom assessment is key to managing symptom burden following a cancer diagnosis. People with IDD receive inequitable health care and experience worse outcomes from cancer; disparities may also exist in routine cancer symptom screening. In this study, we investigated whether differences exist in cancer symptom assessment between people with and without IDD.
Methods: We conducted a matched retrospective cohort of adults in Ontario with and without IDD who received a cancer diagnosis between 2010-2019 using administrative health data at ICES. Individuals were followed until 30/9/2021. Among people with cancer, those with IDD were hard-matched 1:5 to those without IDD on age at diagnosis, sex, diagnosis year, cancer type, and regional cancer centre registration. Cumulative incidence of first symptom assessment accounting for death as a competing risk was estimated. Subdistribution and cause-specific hazard models were used. Effect modification by cancer stage was investigated.
Results:1545 people with IDD were matched to 7,725 people without IDD. Individuals with IDD experienced a lower incidence of cancer symptom assessment (1-year probability: 0.62 vs. 0.77). People with IDD had lesser rates of symptom assessment (subdistribution HR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.59,0.67) (cause-specific HR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.65,0.73) relative to those without IDD. Results were consistent across cancer stages.
Discussion: The incidence of cancer symptom assessment is lower among cancer patients with IDD compared to those without. These findings may indicate poor usability of the symptom screening tool; language and readability checks should be conducted to enhance accessibility of this tool.
Comparative Analysis of Frequentist and Bayesian Approaches in Fitting Stereotype Models for Ordinal Outcomes
Authors: Fahimi Mohammad Reza , Mitani Aya , Espin-Garcia Osvaldo
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Stereotype regression models provide a parsimonious solution for analyzing ordinal response variables. When the proportional odds assumption is violated, these models offer a viable alternative to more commonly used cumulative logit models. However, their adoption in research remains limited due to a lack of standardization. Our study compares frequentist and Bayesian approaches for fitting stereotype models for ordinal outcomes, elucidating the benefits of each method to encourage broader utilization.
Methods: We simulated ordinal data to contrast a Bayesian approach for an ordered stereotype model with two frequentist methods in R: Reduced-Rank Vector Generalized Linear Models (RRVGLM) for unordered scores and Ordered Stereotype Model (OSM) for ordered scores. Metrics included mean squared error (MSE) and bias across multiple simulation scenarios with various sample sizes and the introduction of multicollinear predictors. Lastly, a real dataset was utilized to demonstrate the application of these approaches.
Results: Both frequentist methods exhibited errors in simulations and real data when the sample size was small and when multicollinearity was present. In simulation scenarios with small sample size (N=50, 70), frequentist methods often failed to converge or produced large standard errors, while the Bayesian approach always converged and yielded lower MSEs. In scenarios with large sample sizes (N=300, 500), all methods produced comparable MSEs. However, frequentist methods produced slightly less biased estimates.
Conclusion: RRVGLM offers fast, accurate results but may encounter errors or produce unordered scores complicating interpretation. In these cases, OSM may provide better results. Bayesian models excel with small sample sizes and complex data with issues such as multicollinearity but require more computation time.
Urethral Large Hemangioma in a Prepubertal Female Patient – A Case Report
Authors: Uddin Nasir , Kakan Fahmida Bayes , Hasan M M , Amin Ruhul , Hossain Sarwar , Sarkar Israfil
Published: October 2023

Background: Hemangiomas rarely occur in the urethra, and most reported cases have involved in men and elderly women1-4. The clinical manifestations of urethral hemangiomas include lower urinary tract symptoms, dysuria, hematuria, perineal discomfort, and urethral discharge. There are only a few cases reported in the literature and exact incidence is still not known.1-5 A few case reports and occasional series have described posterior urethral hemangioma presenting as hematuria. We are reporting a rare case of a cavernous hemangioma of the anterior urethra in a prepubertal female who presented in the gynae OPD with bleeding per vagina.
J Com Med Col Teachers Asso Jan 2023; 27(1): 42-43
Immediate Outcome of Intrauterine Growth Restricted Infants
Authors: Islam Md Tariqul , Bhuiyan ANM Nurul Haque , Shameem Md , Sumi Shamima Akter , Jahan Roushan , Islam Mohammad Majharul , Rahman Lutfor
Published: October 2023

Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is one of the major public health issues in developing countries like Bangladesh. IUGR has got significant importance due to its approach towards post neonatal, infant and childhood mortality and morbidity.
Objective: To identify immediate outcome of IUGR infants.
Methods: This case control study was conducted in department of Neonatology at BSMMU, Dhaka from August 2015 to July 2016, where 98 newborns in the NICU during study period were the study population. All the IUGR babies were labeled as case (Group- A), n=49 and the babies of the same gestational age were labeled as control (Group-B), n=49. The outcome was observed by the caution and careful NICU follow up of the baby. After collection, data were entered into a personal computer and were edited, analyzed, plotted in graphs and tables. Data were analyzed by chi square test, Mann Whitney U tests, using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20. P values less than 0.05 (95% CI) were considered statistically significant.
Result: During the study in case group, hypoglycemia (p=0.007) & hyperbilirubinemia (P=<0.001) were statistically significant complication. Length of hospital stay was more (P=0.001) in IUGR group which was also significant. Death was more in IUGR than AGA group.
Conclusion: From our result, we can conclud e that Hypoglycemia and hyperbilirubinemia were significant complication of IUGR babies. IUGR babies had longer hospital stay than AGA babies. Death were more in IUGR babies but was not statistically significant. 
Sir Salimullah Med Coll J 2023; 31: 9-12
Association of Neonatal AKI with Gestational Age and Birth Weight in Tertiary Care Hospitals of Dhaka City, Bangladesh
Authors: Miah Mohammad Abu Sayed , Hasan ANM Saiful , Khan Md Anwar Hossain , Paul Shanjoy Kumar , Gupta Sudip Das , Alom Md Kabir , Begum Rokeya , Patowary Md Asaduzzaman , Akhtar Shahnaz , Begum Homayra
Published: October 2023

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and also in general neonatal ward (GNW) of two tertiary care hospitals (Dhaka Medical College and Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital). Association of neonatal AKI with different birth weights (low birth weight, very low birth weight, extreme low birth weight) and gestational age (both term and preterm) has greater impact on AKI. Early detection and immediate management is life saving.
Methodology: This prospective observational study carried out in NICU and GNW of DMCH & SSMC Mitoford Hospital over a period of one year to find out the AKI cases within the first 28 days of life. Blood sample collected by plane test tube and send to the laboratory and serum creatinine levels were estimated by auto analyzer (PICTUS-400). AKI was leveled when serum creatinine >1.5 times of medium values. Those AKI patients were evaluated in relation with gestational age & birth weight. After counselling and taking informed written consent from legal guardians, three hundred neonates were enrolled in this study by purposive sampling. The data were collected in a pre-structured questionnaire and analysis by SPSS 22 software.
Results: A total of 300 neonates were included in this study. Mean age of the neonates were 5.71±6.70 days (age range 1-28 days). Male were predominant (59.4%). Male and female ratio was 1.46:1. AKI developed in 23.7% neonates. Among them 53.5% was appropriate for gestational age (AGA), 36.6% had LBW and 9.9% had VLBW. Among preterm, term and post term 24.4%, 22.0% and 75.0% developed AKI respectively. Neonatal AKI also associated mostly with perinatal asphyxia (43.8%) and neonatal sepsis (35.21%).
Conclusion: AKI developed in 23.7% neonates. AKI prevalence is same in gestational age and birth weight.
Sir Salimullah Med Coll J 2023; 31: 73-78
TINGKAT CEMARAN BAKTERI PADA DAGING AYAM BROILER YANG DI JUAL DI PASAR TRADISIONAL KOTA MATARAM
Authors: Oktaviani Tina Dwi , Janah Maratun
Published: October 2023

Bakteri rentan mengkontaminasi daging ayam, kontaminasi bakteri pada daging ayam umumnya berasal dari ruangan, peralatan, maupun meja tempat pemotongan ayam serta air yang digunakan selama proses pemotongan hingga pengolahan daging ayam. Penelitian ini betujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya bakteri pada daging ayam yang di jual di pasar tradisional kota Mataram dengan pengambilan sampel menggunakan Random sampling dengan jumlah 16 sampel daging ayam broiler dari empat pasar (masing-masing 4 sampel/pasar) yang ada di pasar tradisional kota mataram dan dianalisis secara deskriftif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada pedagang ayam ditemukan bakteri dengan rentan 9 xx 10 sampai dengan 19.6 x 10 kolini/gram. Kesimpulan berdasarkan sejumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan daging ayam Broilee tidak memenuhi standar SNI karena telah melebihi batas maksimum Cemaran Mikroba (BMCM) Bakteri.
TEACHING OF INTERPOLATION AND APPROXIMATION CURVES THROUGH COMPUTER SIMULATION
Authors: Annuš Norbert , Takáč Ondrej
Published: October 2023

The use of digital tools in the education process has become a matter of course. This is particularly true in computer science lessons. Our study assesses the performance of students in higher education within each subject area of computer graphics. Computer graphics and its education are very versatile. A better understanding of the algorithms that perform the graphical adjustments is much easier if the student is not only theoretically familiar with the field and its procedures but also has the opportunity to try them out. Our aim was to develop a teaching tool that would allow students attending a graphics class to learn about and test the possibilities of interpolation and approximation curves. In our study, we focused on three specific types of curves: the Hermite, Bézier and Coons curves. For universal use, students are able to simulate the curves concerned in nth-degree cases. In the development, we focused on modelling the mathematical formulas describing the curves trying to design an easy-to-use teaching tool. In this case, the teaching tool is a computer software designed for this purpose. In our research, we conducted qualitative surveys on small groups of students. Our study was conducted on control groups. We also conducted interviews with students using the software to assess the strengths and weaknesses of our software. Based on this feedback, we optimized our software and set the direction for future improvements. The practical application suggests that the educational software has a positive impact on students' learning outcomes. This paper describes the mathematical models describing the processed curves. It then presents the application's options and graphical results. Finally, we would like to present the results of the student testing and their feedback on the educational software.
Effect of institutional performance on combating crimes, A case of South Sudan National Police Service
Authors: Duop Majak Akech Malok
Published: October 2023

The study aims to investigate the effect of institutional performance on combating crimes in the case of the South Sudan National Police Service. And examine the relationship between judiciary roles and national police performance in Juba County Police, Central Equatoria State, South Sudan. However, the South Sudan National Police Service functions and performs combating crime as a way to guarantee efficient service delivery. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative research design techniques for effectiveness and accuracy during the analysis stage. The source of data was retrieved from both primary and secondary data sources to encourage comprehensiveness and inclusivity of the data. In-depth interviews, questionnaires, and observation were used in the study to collect data from participants. These methods are convenient and easy to administer. The study targeted 360 respondents, who are private legal attorneys, crime control heads, criminals, public attorneys, and men on duty. With the help of the Slovene formula for sample size determination, the researcher obtained 186 sample populations. The data was analysed with the help of the statistical package of social science (SPSS software version 16.0 with advanced Excel). Both tools are cost-effective and best for the analysis of qualitative and quantitative data. The study findings indicated that the socio-political order prevalent in South Sudan affects effective police performance, in addition to the fact that high levels of unemployment have made the crime situation overwhelming for the police to control effectively. The study recommends that for the police to effectively prevent and control crime, there is a need to improve police-public relations and recognize the importance of different private security organizations working side-by-side and hand in hand with the police and other government agencies of law enforcement for the public to realize harmony and peaceful co-existence. The language barrier was among the challenges that affected this study.
TRANSFORMATION OF BUREAUCRATIC DIGITAL SERVICES THROUGH THE SALAMAN APPLICATION AT THE BANDUNG CITY POPULATION AND CIVIL REGISTRATION OFFICE
Authors: Krisno Sukrisno Sukrisno
Published: October 2023

E-Government is a prominent focal point that aims to foster governmental innovation in the realm of public services. This was achieved through web browsers or easily downloadable smartphone applications, especially due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Within the Bandung City Population and Civil Registration Office, the implementation was a significant initiative in delivering services to the public. In addition, this was facilitated by the SALAMAN (SelesAi daLAm genggaMAN) Application, initially launched in December 2018. Meanwhile, the transition towards digital bureaucratic services in public administration was observed as a shift from traditional office-based administrative functions, embracing an improved paradigm by harnessing information technology. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of digital transformation, as well as the benefits provided to the community. The method used was Qualitative descriptive, encompassing data collection techniques such as interviews, observations, and documentation. Furthermore, the transformation of digital bureaucratic services through the SALAMAN Application was conducted effectively and efficiently, providing benefits to the community and the Bandung City Population and Civil Registration Office. These benefits encompassed convenient and streamlined access to administrative services for the community, as well as enhanced effectiveness, efficiency, and productivity of service delivery.
Kinetic modelling of sterol transport between plasma membrane and endo-lysosomes based on quantitative fluorescence and X-ray imaging data
Authors: Wüstner Daniel , Dupont Juhl Alice , Egebjerg Jacob Marcus , Werner Stephan , McNally James , Schneider Gerd
Published: October 2023

Niemann Pick type C1 and C2 (NPC1 and NPC2) are two sterol-binding proteins which, together, orchestrate cholesterol transport through late endosomes and lysosomes (LE/LYSs). NPC2 can facilitate sterol exchange between model membranes severalfold, but how this is connected to its function in cells is poorly understood. Using fluorescent analogs of cholesterol and quantitative fluorescence microscopy, we have recently measured the transport kinetics of sterol between plasma membrane (PM), recycling endosomes (REs) and LE/LYSs in control and NPC2 deficient fibroblasts. Here, we use kinetic modeling of this data to determine rate constants for sterol transport between intracellular compartments. Our model predicts that sterol is trapped in intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) of LE/LYSs in the absence of NPC2, causing delayed sterol export from LE/LYSs in NPC2 deficient fibroblasts. Using soft X-ray tomography, we confirm, that LE/LYSs of NPC2 deficient cells but not of control cells contain enlarged, carbon-rich intraluminal vesicular structures, supporting our model prediction of lipid accumulation in ILVs. By including sterol export via exocytosis of ILVs as exosomes and by release of vesicles—ectosomes—from the PM, we can reconcile measured sterol efflux kinetics and show that both pathways can be reciprocally regulated by the intraluminal sterol transfer activity of NPC2 inside LE/LYSs. Our results thereby connect the in vitro function of NPC2 as sterol transfer protein between membranes with its in vivo function.
Whole genome analysis of Rhizopus species causing rhino-cerebral mucormycosis during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Michael Joy Sarojini , Venkatesan Manigandan , Ninan Marilyn Mary , Solaimalai Dhanalakshmi , Sumanth Lydia Jennifer , Varghese Lalee , Kurien Regi , Varghese Rinku Polachirakkal , C George Priya Doss
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Mucormycosis is an acute invasive fungal disease (IFD) seen mainly in immunocompromised hosts and in patients with uncontrolled diabetes. The incidence of mucormycosis increased exponentially in India during the SARS-CoV-2 (henceforth COVID-19) pandemic. Since there was a lack of data on molecular epidemiology of Mucorales causing IFD during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, whole genome analysis of the Rhizopus spp. isolated during this period was studied along with the detection of mutations that are associated with antifungal drug resistance.

Materials and methods

A total of 50 isolates of Rhizopus spp. were included in this prospective study, which included 28 from patients with active COVID-19 disease, 9 from patients during the recovery phase, and 13 isolates from COVID-19-negative patients. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed for the isolates, and the de novo assembly was done with the Spades assembler. Species identification was done by extracting the ITS gene sequence from each isolate followed by searching Nucleotide BLAST. The phylogenetic trees were made with extracted ITS gene sequences and 12 eukaryotic core marker gene sequences, respectively, to assess the genetic distance between our isolates. Mutations associated with intrinsic drug resistance to fluconazole and voriconazole were analyzed.

Results

All 50 patients presented to the hospital with acute fungal rhinosinusitis. These patients had a mean HbA1c of 11.2%, and a serum ferritin of 546.8 ng/mL. Twenty-five patients had received steroids. By WGS analysis, 62% of the Rhizopus species were identified as R. delemar. Bayesian analysis of population structure (BAPS) clustering categorized these isolates into five different groups, of which 28 belong to group 3, 9 to group 5, and 8 to group 1. Mutational analysis revealed that in the CYP51A gene, 50% of our isolates had frameshift mutations along with 7 synonymous mutations and 46% had only synonymous mutations, whereas in the CYP51B gene, 68% had only synonymous mutations and 26% did not have any mutations.

Conclusion

WGS analysis of Mucorales identified during and after the COVID-19 pandemic gives insight into the molecular epidemiology of these isolates in our community and establishes newer mechanisms for intrinsic azole resistance.
Performance of mNGS in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in non-neutropenic patients
Authors: Zhu Ning , Zhou Daibing , Xiong Wanfeng , Zhang Xiujuan , Li Shengqing
Published: October 2023

The diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) diseases in non-neutropenic patients remains challenging. It is essential to develop optimal non-invasive or minimally invasive detection methods for the rapid and reliable diagnosis of IPA. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) can be a valuable tool for identifying the microorganism. Our study aims to evaluate the performance of mNGS in BALF in suspected IPA patients and compare it with other detection tests, including serum/BALF galactomannan antigen (GM) and traditional microbiological tests (BALF fungal culture and smear and lung biopsy histopathology). Ninety-four patients with suspicion of IPA were finally enrolled in our study. Thirty-nine patients were diagnosed with IPA, and 55 patients were non-IPA. There was significance between the IPA and non-IPA groups, such as BALF GM (P < 0.001), history of glucocorticoid use (P = 0.004), and pulmonary comorbidities (P = 0.002), as well as no significance of the other demographic data including age, sex, BMI, history of cigarette, blood GM assay, T-SPOT.TB, and NEUT#/LYMPH#. The sensitivity of the BALF mNGS was 92.31%, which was higher than that of the traditional tests or the GM assays. The specificity of BALF mNGS was 92.73%, which was relatively similar to that of the traditional tests. The AUC of BALF mNGS was 0.925, which presented an excellent performance compared with other traditional tests or GM assays. Our study demonstrated the important role of BALF detection by the mNGS platform for pathogen identification in IPA patients with non-neutropenic states, which may provide an optimal way to diagnose suspected IPA disease.
Efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors for patients with prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Noori Maryam , Azizi Shadi , Mahjoubfar Aref , Abbasi Varaki Farhan , Fayyaz Farimah , Mousavian Amir-Hossein , Bashash Davood , Kardoust Parizi Mehdi , Kasaeian Amir
Published: October 2023

Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment paradigm of many cancers, however, its effectiveness in prostate cancer patients is still under question. In the present systematic review and meta-analysis, we sought for assessing the efficacy and safety of Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with prostate cancer. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases were searched on Aguste 19, 2022. Thirty five studies met the eligibility criteria. The median overall survival (mOS) of all treatments was 14.1 months, with the longest and shortest mOS was seen among patients who received anti-CTLA-4 monotherapy and anti-PD-1/PD-L1+anti-CTLA-4 regimen at 24.9 and 9.2 months, respectively. Noteworthy, all types of adverse events had the lowest incidence in the anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapy group. Considering the ICI monotherapy regimens, we found that fatigue, diarrhea, and infusion reaction had the highest incidence rates. Future studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of novel combination therapies with ICIs are warranted.
Understanding the impact of sand extraction on benthic ecosystem functioning: a combination of functional indices and biological trait analysis
Authors: Goedefroo Nanou , Braeckman Ulrike , Hostens Kris , Vanaverbeke Jan , Moens Tom , De Backer Annelies
Published: October 2023

Marine aggregates have been intensively extracted in the North-East Atlantic over the past decades. This study aimed to assess the effect of sand extraction on benthic ecosystem functioning using a combination of biological traits and functional indices (the bioturbation (BPc) and irrigation potential (IPc) and secondary production (SPc) of the macrobenthic community). Data on macrobenthos, sediment properties and extraction intensity were collected over a time period of ten years (2010 – 2019) for three coarse sediment extraction areas in the Belgian Part of the North Sea, each with a different extraction regime. Sediment parameters such as the medium sand fraction (250 – 500 µm) and median grain size showed a significant effect on all functional indices. Whilst sand extraction variables only significantly affected secondary production estimates. The secondary production of the macrobenthic community decreased following a high yearly extraction intensity, whereas a high cumulative (10-year period) extraction intensity resulted in a slightly increased secondary production. Species-specific responses revealed that these high cumulative extraction volumes increased the abundance of opportunistic species, which could have contributed to the higher SPc values observed in cumulative disturbed areas. Response traits such as tube-living and sessile individuals with a pelagic egg development were positively influenced by a long-term disturbance, an indication of a more disturbance-tolerant community. A short-term disturbance rather seemed to favor a macrobenthic community characterized by a higher burrowing capability. In terms of effect traits, both short- and long-term extraction clearly favored deposit feeders, which can structure organic matter distribution and thus indirectly influence nutrient and oxygen fluxes as well. Future in situ measurements in sand extraction areas could help to unravel and strengthen our understanding of the ecosystem processes linked to these trait-based observations.
Targeted IFNγ induction by a genetically engineered Salmonella typhimurium is the key to the liver metastasis inhibition in a mouse model of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor
Authors: Hua Zhan , Wu Shan , Zhang Yulian , Wang Xiuhong , Cui Ju , Li Yunxuan , Yang Chengcheng , Zhai Min , Deng Bo , Yu Bin , Huang Jian-Dong , Wang Zai , Zhou Jianjun
Published: October 2023

Background

Liver metastasis is one of the primary causes of death for the patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs). However, no curative therapy has been developed so far.

Methods

The anti-tumor efficacy of a genetically engineered tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium YB1 was evaluated on a non-functional INR1G9 liver metastasis model. Differential inflammatory factors were screened by Cytometric Bead Array. Antibody depletion assay and liver-targeted AAV2/8 expression vector were used for functional evaluation of the differential inflammatory factors.

Results

We demonstrated that YB1 showed significant anti-tumor efficacy as a monotherapy. Since YB1 cannot infect INR1G9 cells, its anti-tumor effect was possibly due to the modulation of the tumor immune microenvironment. Two inflammatory factors IFNγ and CCL2 were elevated in the liver after YB1 administration, but only IFNγ was found to be responsible for the anti-tumor effect. Liver-targeted expression of IFNγ caused the activation of macrophages and NK cells, and reproduced the therapeutic effect of YB1 on liver metastasis.

Conclusion

We demonstrated that YB1 may exhibit anti-tumor effect mainly based on IFNγ induction. Targeted IFNγ therapy can replace YB1 for treating liver metastasis of PNETs.
The microbiome and the gut-lung axis in tuberculosis: interplay in the course of disease and treatment
Authors: Alvarado-Peña Néstor , Galeana-Cadena David , Gómez-García Itzel Alejandra , Mainero Xavier Soberón , Silva-Herzog Eugenia
Published: October 2023

Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) that remains a significant global health challenge. The extensive use of antibiotics in tuberculosis treatment, disrupts the delicate balance of the microbiota in various organs, including the gastrointestinal and respiratory systems. This gut-lung axis involves dynamic interactions among immune cells, microbiota, and signaling molecules from both organs. The alterations of the microbiome resulting from anti-TB treatment can significantly influence the course of tuberculosis, impacting aspects such as complete healing, reinfection, and relapse. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the gut-lung axis in the context of tuberculosis, with a specific focus on the impact of anti-TB treatment on the microbiome.
Impact of a direct-fed microbial supplementation on intestinal permeability and immune response in broiler chickens during a coccidia challenge
Authors: Osho Saheed , Bolek Kevin , Saddoris-Clemons Kari , Humphrey Brooke , Garcia Miriam
Published: October 2023

Maintaining intestinal health supports optimal gut function and influences overall performance of broilers. Microlife® Prime (MLP) contains a unique combination of four strains of Bacillus spp. selected to support a healthy gut which may improve performance. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of MLP supplementation on intestinal health and immunity of broilers challenged with a mixed coccidia infection during peak [0 to 6-day post-infection (dpi)] and recovery phases (6 to 13 dpi). A total of 120 male, 4 days-old Ross 708, broiler chicks were allotted to 3 treatment groups (8 replicate cages; 5 birds/cage) in a randomized complete block design. Treatments included a non-challenge (NEG), a coccidia challenge (POS), and coccidia challenge fed MLP (5 × 105 CFU/g of diet). Diets were corn-soybean meal-based. At 11 days of age, all birds, except for NEG, were orally gavaged with 15 doses (3 × the recommended commercial dose). On 6, 9, and 13 dpi, birds were orally gavaged with fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugate dextran (FITC-d). Plasma and mid-jejunum tissues were collected 2 h later. On 6 dpi, duodenal lesions from 2 birds/cage were scored and droppings were collected for oocyst enumeration. Body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated over the experimental period. Data were analyzed with GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. During the peak phase, POS birds had reduced BWG (23%) and FCR (15%) compared to NEG birds (P < 0.05), while birds fed MLP had similar BWG (209 and 208 g) and FCR (1.17 and 1.21) compared to NEG (P > 0.05). On 6 dpi, POS birds had higher lesion scores and oocyst shedding, 2 × increase in serum FITC-d, and higher jejunum IL-10, and IFN-γ mRNA compared to NEG (P < 0.05). Birds fed MLP had reduced plasma FITC-d compared to POS birds (P < 0.05) and similar IL-10 and IFN-γ mRNA. On 13 dpi, birds fed MLP had lower plasma FITC-d, jejunum IL-10 and IFN-γ mRNA compared to POS birds (P < 0.05), but similar IL-10 to NEG birds (P > 0.05). This study confirms MLP improves intestinal health and positively modulates mucosal immune response post-coccidia challenge.
A SEER database retrospective cohort of 547 patients with penile non-squamous cell carcinoma: demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes
Authors: Ashley Lucas W. , Sutton Kent F. , Ju Andrew , Edwards George , Pasli Melisa , Bhatt Arjun
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Little research has investigated the prevalence and distribution of the diverse pathologies of non-squamous cell carcinoma (non-SCC) of the penis. Although rare in clinical practice, these cancers have become a focus of greater importance among patients, clinicians, and researchers, particularly in developing countries. The principal objective of this study was to analyze the major types of penile non-SCC, elucidate common treatment pathways, and highlight outcomes including 5-year survival.

Materials/methods

The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was queried between 2000 and 2018 to identify a retrospective cohort of patients with penile non-SCC. Demographic information, cancer characteristics, diagnostic methods, treatments administered, and survival were investigated.

Results

A total of 547 cases of penile non-SCC were included in the analysis. The most prevalent non-SCC cancers included epithelial neoplasms, not otherwise specified (NOS) (15.4%), unspecified neoplasms (15.2%), basal cell neoplasms (13.9%), blood vessel tumors (13.0%), nevi and melanomas (11.7%), and ductal and lobular neoplasms (9.9%). Over half (56.7%) of patients elected to undergo surgical intervention. Patients rarely received systemic therapy (3.8%) or radiation (4.0%). Five-year survival was 35.5%. Patients who underwent surgery had greater annual survival for 0–10 years compared to those who did not have surgery. Significant differences in survival were found between patients who had regional, localized, and distant metastases (p < 0.05). A significant difference in survival was found for patients married at diagnosis versus those who were unmarried at diagnosis (p < 0.05). Lower survival rates were observed for patients older than 70 years.

Discussion

Although less prevalent than SCC, penile non-SCC encompasses a diverse set of neoplasms. Patients in this cohort had a high utilization of surgical management leading to superior outcomes compared to those not receiving surgery. Radiation is an uncommonly pursued treatment pathway. Patient demographics and socioeconomic variables such as marital status may be valuable when investigating cancer outcomes. This updated database analysis can help inform diagnosis, management, and clinical outcomes for this rare group of malignancies.
Advances in the pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms of emodin in the treatment of metabolic diseases
Authors: Yu Linyuan , Zhao Yongliang , Zhao Yongli
Published: October 2023

Rhubarb palmatum L., Polygonum multijiorum Thunb., and Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. Et Zucc. are traditional Chinese medicines that have been used for thousands of years. They are formulated into various preparations and are widely used. Emodin is a traditional Chinese medicine monomer and the main active ingredient in Rhubarb palmatum L., Polygonum multijiorum Thunb., and Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. Et Zucc. Modern research shows that it has a variety of pharmacological effects, including promoting lipid and glucose metabolism, osteogenesis, and anti-inflammatory and anti-autophagy effects. Research on the toxicity and pharmacokinetics of emodin can promote its clinical application. This review aims to provide a basis for further development and clinical research of emodin in the treatment of metabolic diseases. We performed a comprehensive summary of the pharmacology and molecular mechanisms of emodin in treating metabolic diseases by searching databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and CNKI up to 2023. In addition, this review also analyzes the toxicity and pharmacokinetics of emodin. The results show that emodin mainly regulates AMPK, PPAR, and inflammation-related signaling pathways, and has a good therapeutic effect on obesity, hyperlipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes and its complications, and osteoporosis. In addition, controlling toxic factors and improving bioavailability are of great significance for its clinical application.
Relationship between core self-evaluation and innovative work behavior: mediating effect of affective organizational commitment and moderating effect of organizational learning capacity
Authors: Choi Eunbi , Kim Junhee , Cho Daeyeon
Published: October 2023

Focusing on employees, this study examined the respective mediating and moderating effects of affective organizational commitment and organizational learning capacity in the relationship between core self-evaluation and innovation work behavior. We collected data via an online survey from 330 office workers at midsize and large companies in a metropolitan area of South Korea. The results of analyzing the data using PROCESS macro were as follows: (1) core self-evaluation was positively related to innovative work behavior; (2) the relationship was mediated by affective organizational commitment; (3) the relationship was buffered by organizational learning capacity, such that a higher level of organizational learning capacity diminished the impact of core self-evaluation on innovative wok behavior; and (4) the conditional effect of core self-evaluation on innovative work behavior existed only in the group of a low level of organizational learning capacity. Based on these findings, we suggested implications for theory building, research, and practice.
Virtual emotions and Criminal Law
Authors: González-Tapia María Isabel
Published: October 2023

This article examines the role that Criminal Law should play in regulating the non-therapeutic use of immersive Virtual Reality (VR), specifically its massive use by consumers. The starting point has been to consider VR as an intermediate risk scenario, for the purposes of Criminal Law, between the criminality entirely generated in the physical world and that developed in the 2D digital environments [cybercrimes and criminality linked to social networks and persuasive Artificial Intelligence (AI)]. Firstly, specialize literature has been analyzed to establish the nature of virtual reality. From a technical standpoint, virtual reality is a neurotechnology infused with high-risk artificial intelligence; an inseparable synthesis of non-invasive neurotechnology and a set of AI systems, considered high-risk for the fundamental rights of citizens. From the perspective of its functioning, VR is a “transformative” neurotechnology capable of altering what people perceive as reality. This is possible, because its realism lies in the emotional immersion of the user in the virtual experience, similarly to how our brain functions. Therefore, the key idea in the immersive functioning of virtual reality is its capacity to evoke and modify human emotions, which results its greater harmful potential compared to the 2D environment. From there, three central and specific areas of (legally unaddressed) risk arise: (1) the special comprehensive nature of the data collected and stored during its use; (2) its ability to mentally reproduce the “physical” experience of the avatar in the user; and (3) its significant capacity to manipulate individuals. Secondly, the paper examines both the reported cases and the foreseeable criminality in virtual worlds or “proto-metaverse,” focusing on the three risk areas, and exemplifying them with attacks on mental privacy, sexual freedom, and consumer manipulation. Finally, it is proposed that Criminal Law should also intervene (as soon as possible) to define the “red lines” of massive virtual reality use by citizens. With a democratic and human-centered approach, a basic legal framework is outlined for the criminalization of specific harms and risks associated with virtual reality, adapting the existing legal framework as necessary.
Assessing the effect of adverse economic events on severity of hunger among food pantry clients
Authors: Bangham Candice , Zack Rachel M. , Nelson Eva , Liu Xinyang , Codner Alyson , Hicks Jacqueline Milton , Greece Jacey A.
Published: October 2023

This study assessed relationship between adverse economic events (AEE) and hunger level (i.e., little to no, moderate, severe). A cross-sectional survey was conducted from June to August 2018 in 10 food pantries with 616 food pantry users. Hunger level was assessed by the Household Hunger Scale. AEE were evaluated over the past 3 months. Participants (60.55%) experienced unexpected or increased medical expenses (17.69%), job loss (13.64%), pay reduction (11.85%), and death of a family member (9.09%). Pay reduction (OR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.12, 3.14) and increased debt (OR = 2.71, 95% CI: 1.92, 3.84) were associated with moderate hunger; death of a family member (OR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.21, 4.90), pay reduction (OR = 2.95, 95% CI: 1.24, 7.04), and increased debt (OR = 3.46, 95% CI: 1.98, 6.04) were associated with severe hunger. Awareness of AEE can inform public health programs and policies for people in need of additional resources, which is essential in times of increased economic instability.
Dermatological evaluation in dogs with atopic dermatitis treated with full-spectrum high cannabidiol oil: a pre study part 1
Authors: Mariga Carollina , Souza Silva Mateus Ana Lúcia , dos Santos Dullius Ângela Isabel , da Silva Ana Paula , Martins Flores Mariana , Vasconcelos Soares André , Amazonas Erik , Tadeu Lemos Pinto Filho Saulo
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Dermatological consultations represent a great part of the small animal medical clinic routine. Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a common skin disease that affects a significant amount of dogs, making it a relevant consideration in clinical practice. The role of the endocannabinoid system on skin homeostasis has been described and its deregulation contributes to dermatopathies. Its function in specialized skin cells reveals an expressive therapeutic potential. Due to the difficulties and the growing scientific evidence of the therapeutic benefits of cannabis on animals, this work aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of cannabis-derived oil in the treatment of CAD.

Methods

Fourteen canines diagnosed with CAD were divided into two groups: T: full spectrum high cannabidiol (CBD) cannabis oil, 2,5 mg/kg; and C: control group (treated with olive oil alone). The effectiveness was evaluated based on the degree of pruritus, dermatological evaluation (CADESI-4) and histopathological evaluation of the skin including mast cell count.

Results

Despite the theoretical basis, there were no significant results obtained between the compared treatments.

Discussion

Thus, it can be concluded that although full spectrum high cannabinoids therapy presents a promising approach to immunological diseases, further research is required in order to establish the actual effective cannabinoid ratio within the myriad possible combinations and for multi-target therapy of CAD.
Cost-Effective Full-Color 3D Dental Imaging Based on Close-Range Photogrammetry
Authors: Yang Bin , Schinke Jennifer , Rastegar Amir , Tanyeri Melikhan , Viator John A.
Published: October 2023

Dental imaging plays a crucial role in clinical dental practice. Conventional 2D dental imaging serves general-purpose tasks, such as patient documentation, while high-precision 3D dental scanning is tailored for specialized procedures, such as orthodontics and implant surgeries. In this study, we aimed to develop a cost-effective 3D imaging technique that could bridge the gap between conventional dental photography and high-precision 3D dental scanning, with the goal of improving patient dental care. We developed a 3D imaging technique based on close-range photogrammetry and termed it close-range photogrammetry-based dental imaging (CPDI). We evaluated this technique on both in vitro dental models and in vivo teeth. For dental models, we conducted a parametric study to examine the effects of the depth of field and specular reflection on reconstruction quality. We showed that the optimal results were achieved with an f/5.6 lens and without a circular polarizer for reflection suppression. This configuration generated 3D scans with 57.7 ± 3.2% and 82.4 ± 2.7% of reconstructed points falling within ±0.1 mm and ±0.2 mm error margins, respectively. With such accuracy, these 3D dental models can faithfully represent dental morphology and features. During in vivo imaging, we were able to reconstruct high-quality 3D models of the anterior arch, further demonstrating its clinical relevance. The reconstructed models carry both 3D shapes and detail full-color surface textures, which positions CPDI as a versatile imaging tool in different areas of clinical dental care.
Extracellular Mechanical Stimuli Alters the Metastatic Progression of Prostate Cancer Cells within 3D Tissue Matrix
Authors: Ditto Maggie , Jacho Diego , Eisenmann Kathryn M. , Yildirim-Ayan Eda
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to understand extracellular mechanical stimuli’s effect on prostate cancer cells’ metastatic progression within a three-dimensional (3D) bone-like microenvironment. In this study, a mechanical loading platform, EQUicycler, has been employed to create physiologically relevant static and cyclic mechanical stimuli to a prostate cancer cell (PC-3)-embedded 3D tissue matrix. Three mechanical stimuli conditions were applied: control (no loading), cyclic (1% strain at 1 Hz), and static mechanical stimuli (1% strain). The changes in prostate cancer cells’ cytoskeletal reorganization, polarity (elongation index), proliferation, expression level of N-Cadherin (metastasis-associated gene), and migratory potential within the 3D collagen structures were assessed upon mechanical stimuli. The results have shown that static mechanical stimuli increased the metastasis progression factors, including cell elongation (p < 0.001), cellular F-actin accumulation (p < 0.001), actin polymerization (p < 0.001), N-Cadherin gene expression, and invasion capacity of PC-3 cells within a bone-like microenvironment compared to its cyclic and control loading counterparts. This study established a novel system for studying metastatic cancer cells within bone and enables the creation of biomimetic in vitro models for cancer research and mechanobiology.
Myocardial Mitochondrial DNA Drives Macrophage Inflammatory Response through STING Signaling in Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Viral Myocarditis
Authors: Qin Andong , Wen Zhenke , Xiong Sidong
Published: October 2023

Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), a single-stranded positive RNA virus, primarily infects cardiac myocytes and is a major causative pathogen for viral myocarditis (VMC), driving cardiac inflammation and organ dysfunction. However, whether and how myocardial damage is involved in CVB3-induced VMC remains unclear. Herein, we demonstrate that the CVB3 infection of cardiac myocytes results in the release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which functions as an important driver of cardiac macrophage inflammation through the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) dependent mechanism. More specifically, the CVB3 infection of cardiac myocytes promotes the accumulation of extracellular mtDNA. Such myocardial mtDNA is indispensable for CVB3-infected myocytes in that it induces a macrophage inflammatory response. Mechanistically, a CVB3 infection upregulates the expression of the classical DNA sensor STING, which is predominantly localized within cardiac macrophages in VMC murine models. Myocardial mtDNA efficiently triggers STING signaling in those macrophages, resulting in strong NF-kB activation when inducing the inflammatory response. Accordingly, STING-deficient mice are able to resist CVB3-induced cardiac inflammation, exhibiting minimal inflammation with regard to their functional cardiac capacities, and they exhibit higher survival rates. Moreover, our findings pinpoint myocardial mtDNA as a central element driving the cardiac inflammation of CVB3-induced VMC, and we consider the DNA sensor, STING, to be a promising therapeutic target for protecting against RNA viral infections.