bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Properties of High-Mn Austenitic Steel Tested under Static and Dynamic Conditions
Authors: Dobrzański L. A. , Borek W. , Mazurkiewicz J.
Published: July 2016

The purpose of the paper is to investigate X73MnSiAlNbTi25-1-3 high manganese austenitic steel containing 0.73% C to determine structural mechanisms decisive for increasing a reserve of cold deformation energy of such steel. The influence of a strain rate on the structure of the investigated steels and on the structural mechanisms decisive for their properties was analysed. Specialist research instrumentation was used for this purpose such as Scanning Transmission Microscopy (including EBSD examinations), conventional and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy together with diffraction examinations and metallographic examinations. It was found that the principal cause of an increased reserve of cold deformation energy of the investigated steels in dynamic conditions is the activation of mechanical twinning in the mutually intersecting systems in austenite grains and annealing twins, which are densifying when a cold deformation rate is growing, thereby confirming the basic mechanism of TWIP (TWinning Induced Plasticity).
The Use of Fuzzy Systems for Forecasting the Hardenability of Steel
Authors: Sitek W. , Irla A.
Published: July 2016

The goal of the research carried out was to develop the fuzzy systems, allowing the determination of the Jominy hardenability curve based on the chemical composition of structural steels for quenching and tempering. Fuzzy system was created to calculate hardness of the steel, based on the alloying elements concentrations, and to forecast the hardenability curves. This was done based on information from the PN-EN 10083-3: 2008. Examples of hardenability curves calculated for exemplar steels were presented. Results of the research confirmed that fuzzy systems are a useful tool in evaluation the effect of alloying elements on the properties of materials compared to conventional methods. It has been demonstrated the practical usefulness of the developed models which allows forecasting the steels’ Jominy hardenability curve.
Nanocrystalline TiO2 Powder Prepared by Sol-Gel Method for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Dobrzański L. A. , Szindler M. M. , Szindler M. , Lukaszkowicz K. , Drygała A. , Prokopiuk vel Prokopowicz M.
Published: July 2016

In this study titanium dioxide nanopowder has been manufactured and examined. Nanocrystalline TiO2 powder has been obtained by hydrolysis and peptization of a solution of titanium isopropoxide and isopropanol. Subsequently, produced powder has been subjected to structural analysis by using a transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer, and Raman spectrometer. For comparison purposes, a commercially available titanium dioxide powder (i.e. titanium white) was also used. Thin layers have been made from this powder and further have been examined by using a UV/VIS spectrometer. Completed research shows the nanocrystalline structure of obtained layers and their good properties such as absorbance at the range of wavelength equal 200 - 1000 nm.
Characteristic of Oxide Layers Obtained on Titanium in the Process of Thermal Oxidation
Authors: Aniołek K. , Kupka M. , Barylski A. , Mieszczak Ł.
Published: July 2016

Thermal oxidation in air may be one method to improve the properties of titanium and its alloys through its influence on the structure and properties of the material’s surface layer. This paper presents a description of oxide layers obtained on the surface of Grade 2 titanium as a result of oxidation at temperatures of 600 and 700°C. On the basis of kinetic curves, it was found that the intensity of oxide layer growth increased with oxidation temperature. Studies of the surface morphology of oxide layers showed that the size of the formed oxide particles was greater following oxidation at 600°C. The obtained layers were subjected to X-ray phase analysis and microhardness measurements. Irrespective of oxidation temperature, the scale consisted of TiO2 oxide in the crystallographic form of rutile and of Ti3O oxide. The hardness of oxide layers amounted to around 1265 HV and was more than 4 times higher compared to the material in i ts initial state.
Structure and Magnetic Properties of Bi5Ti3FeO15 Ceramics Prepared by Sintering, Mechanical Activation and Edamm Process. A Comparative Study
Authors: Jartych E. , Pikula T. , Mazurek M. , Franus W. , Lisinska-Czekaj A. , Czekaj D. , Oleszak D. , Surowiec Z. , Aksenczuk A. , Calka A.
Published: July 2016

Three different methods were used to obtain Bi5Ti3FeO15 ceramics, i.e. solid-state sintering, mechanical activation (MA) with subsequent thermal treatment, and electrical discharge assisted mechanical milling (EDAMM). The structure and magnetic properties of produced Bi5Ti3FeO15 samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The purest Bi5Ti3FeO15 ceramics was obtained by standard solid-state sintering method. Mechanical milling methods are attractive because the Bi5Ti3FeO15 compound may be formed at lower temperature or without subsequent thermal treatment. In the case of EDAMM process also the time of processing is significantly shorter in comparison with solid-state sintering method. As revealed by Mössbauer spectroscopy, at room temperature the Bi5Ti3FeO15 ceramics produced by various methods is in paramagnetic state.
Influence of Sn and Pb Ions Substitutions on Dielectric Properties of Barium Titanate
Authors: Bąk W. , Kajtoch C. , Ptaszek S. , Lisińska-Czekaj A. , Czekaj D. , Ziętek D. , Glos T. , Garbarz-Glos B.
Published: July 2016

The results of the microstructural and dielectric measurements of (Ba1-xPbx)(Ti1-xSnx)O3 (BPTSx) (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.30) polycrystalline samples are presented. The samples were obtained by means of a high temperature synthesis and their expected stoichiometry was confirmed by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) measurements. The dielectric properties of BPTSx were studied with the use of broadband dielectric spectroscopy. The measurements over a wide range of temperature (from 140 K to 600 K) and frequency (from 0.1 Hz to 10 MHz) were performed. The experimental results indicate an influence of Pb ions in a sublattice A and Sn ions in a sublattice B substitution on paraelectric - ferroelectric phase transition parameters. Diffused phase transitions from a paraelectric to ferroelectric state (for x = 0.10 and x = 0.30) were observed. From the electric modulus measurements in the frequency domain the relaxation times and the activation energy were determined.
Antibacterial Composite Layers on Ti: Role of ZnO Nanoparticles
Authors: Roguska A. , Belcarz A. , Suchecki P. , Andrzejczuk M. , Lewandowska M.
Published: July 2016

Problem of post-operative infections of implant materials caused by bacterial adhesion to their surfaces is very serious. Enhancement of antibacterial properties is potentially beneficial for biomaterials value. Therefore, the metallic and metallic oxide nanoparticles attract particular attention as antimicrobial factors. The aim of this work was to create nanotubular (NT) oxide layers on Ti with the addition of ZnO nanoparticles, designed for antibacterial biomedical coatings. Antimicrobial activities of titanium, TiO2 NT and ZnO/TiO2 NT surfaces were evaluated against bacterial strain typical for orthopaedic infections: S. epidermidis. TiO2 NT alone killed the free bacterial cells significantly but promoted their adhesion to the surfaces. The presence of moderate amount of ZnO nanoparticles significantly reduced the S. epidermidis cells adhesion and viability of bacterial cells in contact with modified surfaces. However, higher amount of loaded nanoZnO showed the reduced antimicrobial properties than the medium amount, suggesting the overdose effect.
Shaping of Panel Materials in Light Direction Design
Authors: Urzędowski A. , Wójcicka-Migasiuk D.
Published: July 2016

The paper presents the methodology of the analysis of the materials used in solar energy conversion, and an elaborated example with simulations of obtained results. Material properties are selected in relation to the need of sunlight illumination applications in civil constructions. This process is presented , starting from the analysis of some aspects of solar radiation, through the calculations of lens curvature and leading to the execution of simulations in different conditions. Graphical presentation of the phenomenon, it can visualize the process of shaping curves. The materials such as glass, polymers, metals, and gases have been discussed. Particular attention was paid to the results of the transmission of materials, their reflection and absorption of solar radiation. Moreover, the research problems of illumination and reflection in multi-layer structures used for civil constructions have been presented.
Changes In Properties and Microstructure of High-Chromium 9-12%Cr Steels Due to Long-Term Exposure at Elevated Temperature
Authors: Zieliński A. , Dobrzański J. , Purzyńska H. , Golański G.
Published: July 2016

This paper presents the characteristics of the performance of P91 (X10CrMoVNb9-1), P92 (X10CrWMoVNb9-2) and VM12 (X12CrCoWVNb12-2-2) steels used for condition assessment of the pressure components of boilers with supercritical steam parameters. Studies on the mechanical properties, microstructure tests using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray analysis of the phase composition of precipitates were performed for selected steels in the as-received condition and after long-term annealing. These steel characteristics are used for the evaluation of the microstructural changes and mechanical properties of the material of components after long-term service. The result of this study is the database of material characteristics representing the mechanical properties related to the microstructure analysis and it can be used for diagnosis of the components of pressure parts of power boilers.
Specific Bending and Compressive Strenght of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)-CNT Composites
Authors: Zygoń P. , Nitkiewicz Z.
Published: July 2016

Carbon nanotubes are one of the strongest materials of unique mechanical, optical, electrical and electronic properties. Because of that they are mainly used as semiconductor materials constituting the reinforcing phase in composite materials.

The paper presents properties of polymer composites reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNT) containing various mixtures of dispersion. Produced composites featured various content carbon nanotubes: 20%, 30%, 40% i 50%. Macroscopic observations were carried out on ready to check composites, if pores exist in the structure and whether the reinforcement has been distributed in the entire volume. Bending and compressive strengths tests were performed and densities of individual composites were measured to determine the specific strength.

Composite materials strengthened with carbon nanotubes feature a very low density and a very good mechanical strength, which makes them a good structural material.
Gas Evolution Quantitative Analysis at a Temperature of 900°C of a Cellulose Mixture Modified by Mineral Additives
Authors: Zawieja Z. , Sawicki J.
Published: July 2016

This article presents a gas evolution study of a novel, cellulose-based mixture with such mineral additives as expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite and microspheres. Inorganic alumina-silica binder was used to produce an uniform, bound mixture. The results have shown that the novel, cellulose-based mixture, obtained from waste paper, with mineral additives, emits smaller amounts of gas, while retaining the same thermal resistance.
The Influence of Treatment Parameters on the Microstructure, Properties and Bend Angle of Laser Formed Construction Bars
Authors: Kurp P. , Mucha Z. , Tofil S. , Mulczyk K.
Published: July 2016

In this paper, the authors presented the research on laser formed construction bars made of C20 steel on the example of the T-shape. The CO2 TRUMPF TruFlow 6000 laser was used in the research. The influence of the laser treatment parameters (the power and speed of the heat source) on the volume of the bend angle, structure and properties of the elements (hardness and tensile strength) was examined. On the basis of the results obtained from the conducted experiments, the authors suggested a way of selecting treatment parameters so that the element should meet the strength assumptions at the allowable time of its implementation.
An Analysis of Laser-Welded Nicr-Ir and Nicr-Pt Micro Joints on Spark Plug Electrodes in Biogas-Fuelled Engines
Authors: Grabas B. , Tofil Sz. , Napadłek W.
Published: July 2016

The paper deals with the laser beam welding of tips to central and side spark plug electrodes made of a nickel-chromium alloy. The tips attached to the central electrodes were made from a solid iridium wire 0.8 mm in diameter and 2 mm in length, while the tips connected to the side electrodes were made from a platinum wire 1.5 mm in diameter and 0.25 mm in thickness. In both cases, accurate positioning of the tips was required before they were resistance welded to the electrodes. Then, a fillet weld was produced with an Nd:YAG laser using single, partly overlapping conductive pulses. The laser welding was performed at different laser power levels and pulse durations. Metallographic sections of the joints were prepared to observe changes in the microstructure and determine their correlation with the changes in the process parameters. The results were used to select appropriate welding parameters for the materials joined. The microscopic analysis indicated welding imperfections such as micro cracks at the interface between the elements joined. The tips welded to the spark plug electrodes can help extend the service life of spark plugs in highly corrosive environments.
Experimental – Numerical Analysis of Stress State in Front of the Crack Tip of Modified and Unmodified G17CrMo5-5 Cast Steel by Rare Earth Metals in a Brittle-Ductile Transition Region
Authors: Dzioba I. , Pala R. , Kasinska J.
Published: July 2016

In the paper presented experimental data and numerical analysis of stress distribution in front of the crack of two melts of low-alloy G17CrMo5-5 cast steel-modified (M) by rare earth metals and original, unmodified (UM) in the temperature range, according to the brittle-ductile transition region. Experimental tests include determination of the tensile properties and fracture toughness characteristics for the UM and M cast steel. Numerical analysis includes determination of stress distribution in front of the crack at the initial moment of the crack extension. In the numerical computations, experimentally tested specimens SEN(B) were modeled. The true stress-strain curves for the UM and M cast steel were used in the calculation. It was shown that the maximum of the opening stresses at the initial moment of the crack extension occurs in the axis of the specimens and reaches similar level of about 3.5σ0 for both UM and M cast steel. However, the length of the critical distance, measured for stress level equal 3σ0, is great for the M in comparison to the UM cast steel. Also was shown that the UM cast steel increased the level of the stress state triaxiality parameters that resulted in a decrease of fracture toughness.
Microstructure and Oxidation Resistance of Laser Remelted Plasma Sprayed Nicraly Coating
Authors: Niemiec D. , Moskal G. , Carski Ł.
Published: July 2016

The article presents results of research relating to the impact of laser treatment done to the surface of plasma sprayed coatings NiCrAlY. Analysis consisted microstructure and oxidation resistance of coatings subjected to two different laser melting surfaces. The test were performed at a temperature 1000°C the samples were removed from the furnace after 25, 300, 500, 750 and 1000 hours. The investigations range included analysis of top surface of coatings by XRD characterization oxides formed types and microscopic investigations of coatings morphology
Manufacturing, Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Electrophoretically Deposited SiO2 and Ni/SiO2 Coatings On X2CrNiMo17–12–2 Steel
Authors: Ratajski T. , Kalemba-Rec I. , Dubiel B.
Published: July 2016

The SiO2 and Ni/SiO2 coatings were electrophoretically deposited on X2CrNiMo17-12-2 steel using ethanol-based suspensions of the SiO2 and Ni powders. The influence of the zeta potential and concentration of the suspensions, the applied voltage and deposition time on the quality of the coatings was studied. Microstructure of the plan-view and cross sections of the coatings was investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The plan-view images revealed the uniform microstructure of the coatings with sporadically observed cracks, pores as well SiO2 and Ni agglomerates. On the cross-sections, the Cr2O3 layer, resulted from oxidation of the substrate during sintering of the coatings was observed. The polarization tests have shown that SiO2 and Ni/SiO2 coatings improve the corrosion resistance of the X2CrNiMo17-12-2 steel in 3.5% NaCl aqueous solution.
Influence of Solution and Aging Treatment Conditions on the Formation of Ultrafine-Grained Structure of CuFe2 Alloy Processed by Rolling with Cyclic Movement of Rolls
Authors: Urbańczyk-Gucwa A. , Radwański K. , Rodak K.
Published: July 2016

The effect of second phase particles on grain refinement in CuFe2 alloy has been investigated by using rolling with the cyclic movement of rolls (RCMR) method. Two different population of second phase particles of Fe: coherent, about 10 nm in diameter and about 100 nm in size were obtained by applying aging treatment followed at 500°C for 2 h and at 700°C for 24 h respectively. In addition, solution treated samples were deformed by RCMR method at the same parameters. The microstructures of the CuFe2 alloy were analyzed using light microscope (LM), electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) microscope technique and scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). The presence of high-density of coherent Fe particles in the matrix inhibits recovery process and in the result obtained grain/subgrain boundaries have diffused character and are weakly visible. The largest particles which are not coherent with the matrix act as an effective barrier against the boundary motion.
Simulation of imperfections in plastic lenses – transferring local refractive index changes into surface shape modifications
Authors: Arasa Josep , Pizarro Carles , Blanco Patricia
Published: July 2016

Injection molded plastic lenses have continuously improved their performance regarding optical quality and nowadays are as usual as glass lenses in image forming devices. However, during the manufacturing process unavoidable fluctuations in material density occur, resulting in local changes in the distribution of refractive index, which degrade the imaging properties of the polymer lens. Such material density fluctuations correlate to phase delays, which opens a path for their mapping. However, it is difficult to transfer the measured variations in refractive index into conventional optical simulation tool. Thus, we propose a method to convert the local variations in refractive index into local changes of one surface of the lens, which can then be described as a free-form surface, easy to introduce in conventional simulation tools. The proposed method was tested on a commercial gradient index (GRIN) lens for a set of six different object positions, using the MTF sagittal and tangential cuts to compare the differences between the real lens and a lens with homogenous refractive index, and the last surface converted into a free-form shape containing the internal refractive index changes. The same procedure was used to reproduce the local refractive index changes of an injected plastic lens with local index changes measured using an in-house built polariscopic arrangement, showing the capability of the method to provide successful results.
Medical and Social Aspects of Syphilis in the Balkans from the mid-19th Century to the Interwar
Authors: Tsiamis Costas , Vrioni Georgia , Poulakou-Rebelakou Effie , Gennimata Vasiliki , Murdjeva Mariana А. , Tsakris Athanasios
Published: July 2016

The current study presents some aspects of syphilis in the Balkan Peninsula from the 19th century until the Interwar. Ever since the birth of modern Balkan States (Greece, Bulgaria, Turkey and Serbia), urbanization, poverty and the frequent wars have been considered the major factors conducive to the spread of syphilis. The measures against sex work and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) were taken in two aspects, one medical and the other legislative. In this period, numerous hospitals for venereal diseases were established in the Balkan countries. In line with the international diagnostic approach and therapeutic standards, laboratory examinations in these Balkan hospitals included spirochete examination, Wassermann reaction, precipitation reaction and cerebrospinal fluid examination. Despite the strict legislation and the adoption of relevant laws against illegal sex work, public health services were unable to curb the spread of syphilis. Medical and social factors such as poverty, citizen’s ignorance of STDs, misguided medical perceptions, lack of sanitary control of prostitution and epidemiological studies, are highlighted in this study. These factors were the major causes that helped syphilis spread in the Balkan countries during the 19th and early 20th century. The value of these aspects as a historic paradigm is diachronic. Failure to comply with the laws and the dysfunction of public services during periods of war or socioeconomic crises are both factors facilitating the spread of STDs.
A Prospectus of Tenomodulin
Authors: Alexandrov Vesselin P. , Naimov Samir I.
Published: July 2016

Tenomodulin is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that can regulate growth of tendon. The human tenomodulin encoding gene is mapped to Х chromosome and encodes a polypeptide consisting of 317 alpha amino acids. The protein is located on the cell surface as N-glycosylated or non-N-glycosylated polypeptide with molecular mass of 45 and 40 kDa, respectively. The molecule consists of three domains and a short cytoplasmic tail at N-terminus. Tenomodulin is predominantly expressed in dense connective hypovascularized tissues such as tendons, skeletal muscle epimysium, and ligaments. Furthermore, tenomodulin is an efficient marker of tenocyte differentiation and plays an important role in the regulation of tenocyte proliferation, tendon development, and angiogenesis inhibition. A number of tenomodulin gene polymorphisms have been recently associated with a risk of obesity, diabetes, systemic immune mediators, cholesterol levels, Alzheimer disease, and age-related macular degeneration. Tenomodulin is involved in cell adhesion, determination of cell morphology, cell aging and bone mineral density. It is expected to play an important role in tendon recovery, tendon tissue engineering, anti-tumor therapy, treatment of chordal disruption, and remodeling of extracellular matrix.
Immunophenotypic Modulation of the Blast Cells in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Minimal Residual Disease Detection
Authors: Burnusuzov Hasan A. , Spasova Mariya I. , Murdjeva Mariana A. , Stoyanova Angelina A. , Mumdziev Ivan N. , Kaleva Valeriya I. , Belcheva Milena I. , Bosheva Miroslava N.
Published: July 2016

Early clearance of leukemic cells during induction therapy of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a basis for treatment optimization. Currently, the most widely used methods for the detection of minute residual malignant cells in the bone marrow and/or peripheral blood, minimal residual disease (MRD), are PCR and flow cytometry (FCM). Immunophenotypic modulation (IM) is a well known factor that can hamper the accurate FCM analysis.

Aim: To report the IM detected by 8-color FCM during the BFM-type remission induction in 24 consecutive MRD-positive samples of children with B-cell precursor ALL and the possible implications for MRD detection.

Patients and methods: Between 2010 and 2012 we prospectively followed up the MRD on days 15 and 33 of induction treatment in bone marrow (BM) samples and on day 8 in peripheral blood (PB). The IM was assessed by comparative analyses of the changes in the mean fluorescence intensity of 7 highly relevant antigens expressed by the leukemic cells and normal B-lymphocytes.

Results: IM occurred, to different extents, in all analyzed day 15 BM and in most day 33 BM samples. Statistically significant changes in the MFI-levels of four CDs expressed by the leukemic blasts were observed: downmodulation of CD10, CD19 and CD34 and upmodulation of CD20. No changes in the expression of CD38, CD58 and CD45 were noticed.

Conclusions: Measuring the MRD by standardized 8-color flow cytometry helps improve the monitoring of the disease, leading to better therapeutic results. However, the IM of the different antigens expressed by the leukemic blasts should be taken into consideration and cautiously analyzed.
Internal Heat Source in Thermoelastic Microelongated Solid Under Green Lindsay Theory
Authors: Ailawalia Praveen , Kumar Sunil , Pathania Devinder Singh
Published: July 2016

The present study deals with two dimensional deformation, due to internal heat source in a thermoelastic microelongated solid. A mechanical force is applied along the interface of elastic half space and thermoelastic microelongated half space. The problem is in the context of Green Lindsay (GL) theory. The analytic expressions for displacement component, normal force stress, temperature distribution and microelongation have been derived. The effect of internal heat source and microelongation on the derived components have been depicted graphically.
Toward a formal model of semantic change: A neo-Reichenbachian approach to the development of the Vedic past tense system
Authors: Dahl Eystein
Published: July 2016

This paper explores some ways in which a neo-Reichenbachian time-relational framework can be applied to diachronic data. The target language of this study is Vedic Sanskrit, the language of the sacred texts of Hinduism. The main focus of the paper concerns the evolution of the Vedic past tense system, which at the beginning of the Vedic tradition is aspect-based and later develops into a system where temporal remoteness and evidentiality distinctions determine the distribution of the past tense categories. This language therefore offers a particularly intriguing data set for exploring the diachronic relationship between aspect, proximal tense and evidentiality, a field of diachronic semantics which has only received limited attention in the research literature.
A Mixed Shooting – Harmonic Balance Method for Unilaterally Constrained Mechanical Systems
Authors: Schreyer Frederic , Leine Remco I.
Published: July 2016

In this paper we present a mixed shooting – harmonic balance method for
large linear mechanical systems on which local nonlinearities are imposed. The standard
harmonic balance method (HBM), which approximates the periodic solution
in frequency domain, is very popular as it is well suited for large systems with
many degrees of freedom. However, it suffers from the fact that local nonlinearities
cannot be evaluated directly in the frequency domain. The standard HBM performs
an inverse Fourier transform, then calculates the nonlinear force in time domain and
subsequently the Fourier coefficients of the nonlinear force. The disadvantage of
the HBM is that strong nonlinearities are poorly represented by a truncated Fourier
series. In contrast, the shooting method operates in time-domain and relies on numerical
time-simulation. Set-valued force laws such as dry friction or other strong
nonlinearities can be dealt with if an appropriate numerical integrator is available.
The shooting method, however, becomes infeasible if the system has many states.
The proposed mixed shooting-HBM approach combines the best of both worlds.
From gold nanoparticles to luminescent nano-objects: experimental aspects for better gold-chromophore interactions
Authors: Navarro Julien R.G. , Lerouge Frederic
Published: July 2016

Gold nanoparticles have been the center of interest for scientists since many decades. Within the last 20 years, the research in that field has soared with the possibility to design and study nanoparticles with controlled shapes. From spheres to more complex shapes such as stars, or anisotropic architectures like rods or bipyramids, these new systems feature plasmonic properties making them the tools of choice for studies on light-matter interactions. In that context, fluorescence quenching and enhancement by gold nanostructures is a growing field of research. In this review, we report a non-exhaustive summary of the synthetic modes for various shapes and sizes of isotropic and anisotropic nanoparticles. We then focus on fluorescent studies of these gold nano-objects, either considering “bare” particles (without modifications) or hybrid particles (surface interaction with a chromophore). In the latter case, the well-known metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) is more particularly developed; the mechanisms of MEF are discussed in terms of the additional radiative and non-radiative decay rates caused by several parameters such as the vicinity of the chromophore to the metal or the size and shape of the nanostructures.
„Körper Wissen“ – Körpermacht
Authors: Koch Anne
Published: July 2016

In jüngster Zeit ist ein besonderer Diskurs um „Körperwissen“ auszumachen, auf dessen Grundlage eine bislang ungekannte Regulierung von Subjekten ermöglicht wird: Sie besetzt den „ inneren Körper“ und rationalisiert Akteure zu wissenden Körpern. Das ist folgenreich. Von dem Moment an, in dem Körpern ein Wissen zugeschrieben wird, muss dieses wieder optimiert werden und fällt unter all die Formen neoliberaler Regierungsausübung, wie wir sie bereits kennen. Dieser jüngste populäre Diskurs hat Wurzeln im (körper- und sport-)soziologischen Diskurs als auch in der theosophisch-esoterischen postdualistischen und postmaterialistischen Anthropologie feinstofflicher Körper. Neuartige säkularistische wie spirituelle Praktiken können an Körperwissen nun ansetzen und entfalten eine umso mächtigere Regulierung, wenn sie in big data eingespeist werden wie bei körperüberwachenden digitalen Apps zur Achtsamkeit. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird für eine sorgfältige Kritik des Diskurses Körperwissen argumentiert.
Der Körper in der Askese bei Evagrios Pontikos und Philoxenos von Mabbug
Authors: Stellmacher Alexandra
Published: July 2016

Im Vergleich der Schriften zweier spätantiker christlicher Autoren werden in diesem Beitrag ihre Vorstellungen von Askese und der Rolle, die der Körper in der asketischen Übung spielt, kontrastierend gegenübergestellt. Ihre Ansichten zu Eschatologie und Anthropologie sowie zu den Wegen, die zur Erlangung eines , Wissens von Gott‘ durch Praxis führen, haben maßgeblichen Einfluss auf das in den Texten transportierte Körperwissen und asketische Übungswissen. Evagrios Pontikos schreibt im 4. Jahrhundert in der ägyptischen Wüste aus eigener asketischer Erfahrung heraus und macht mithin ein selbst erlangtes Übungswissen als schriftliches Anleitungswissen zugänglich. Bei Philoxenos von Mabbug, der im 5. Jahrhundert in Syrien lebt, ist die Annahme, dass das von ihm verschriftlichte Wissen auf eigener Übung beruht, nicht gesichert.
Vom Körperwissen und Wissenskörper zum Wissenskorpus
Authors: Lehmhaus Lennar
Published: July 2016

Im Kontrast zu griechisch-römischen Medizintraditionen finden sich in talmudischen Texten keine umfassenden Theorien zur menschlichen Physiologie und Anatomie, sondern nur einschlägiges im gesamten Traditionskorpus verstreutes Körperwissen. Analyse und Rekonstruktion einer „Talmudischen Anatomie oder Physiologie“ muss deren komplexe kulturell-kontextuelle und diskursive Einbettung beachten. Die Studie untersucht die rabbinische Vermittlung solchen Wissens durch metaphorische Beschreibung körperlicher Strukturen und Prozesse. Kulturspezifische Verwendungsmuster und diskursive Strategien der Metaphorisierung geben dabei Aufschluss über den Nexus zwischen Wissen vom Körper, dem Wissenskörper des Gelehrten und dem Wissenskorpus der Tradition.
Wissen als asketische Körperpraxis bei Mahima Dharma
Authors: Guzy Lidia
Published: July 2016

Der Artikel thematisiert den Körper als Medium des spirituellen Wissens und der Erkenntnisvermittlung von Mahima Dharma – einer neueren asketischen Bewegung des östlichen Indiens. Anhand indigener Konzepte von Wissen und Erleuchtung (gyan) wird spirituelle Erkenntnis im Sinne eines esoterischen asketischen Wissens analysiert. Esoterisches (exklusives) asketisches Wissen in der neueren asketischen Tradition Mahima Dharma entsteht nur mittels des spezialisierten Körperwissens eines Asketen oder Laien. Die richtigen Werte des Lebens für Asketen und Laien werden nur mittels einer disziplinierten Körperpraxis verkörpert. Der Artikel basiert auf langwierigen Feldforschungen unter Asketen der Mahima Dharma-Religion des östlichen Indiens.
Zwischen Bewahrung und Erneuerung
Authors: Klinge Antje
Published: July 2016

Der Körper wird in der Sportwissenschaft sowohl aus naturwissenschaftlichen als auch sozial- und geisteswissenschaftlichen Perspektiven thematisiert. Dabei stellt das Wissen über den Körper den Kern sportmedizinischer, trainings- und bewegungswissenschaftlicher Forschung und Theoriebildung dar. Die hier gewonnenen Erkenntnisse über den Körper als funktions- und leistungsfähiges Organ liefern die Grundlage für Theorien der motorischen Entwicklung und des Bewegungslernens. Dass der Körper selbst über ein Wissen verfügt, das die Wahrnehmungs-, Denk- und Handlungsweisen des Menschen bestimmt, wird selten diskutiert. Im Beitrag wird diese in der Sportwissenschaft vernachlässigte Dimension aus leibphänomenologischer sowie körper- und kultursoziologischer Perspektive betrachtet und im Hinblick auf ein Lernen und Verstehen mit dem Körper erörtert. Damit wird der Körper als Reflexions- und Erkenntnisorgan ins Spiel gebracht.
Embodiment, Metapher und Filmrezeption: Körperwissen in „Oh Boy“ (D 2012)
Authors: Buchholz Michael , Hamburger Andreas
Published: July 2016

Aus psychoanalytischer Perspektive interpretieren die Autoren den Kultfilm „Oh Boy“ (D 2012) von Jan-Ole Gerster zum einen in Bezug auf das Körperwissen, das im fortwährend transformierten Konzept-, Konversations- und Metapherngerüst der Sprache kondensiert ist, zum anderen auf die Steuerung körperlich-affektiver Prozesse der Filmrezeption in der Mise en scène. Der Film ist ein Meister- und Lehrstück des Umdenkens, eine Momentaufnahme der in die Alltagstristesse eines Jugendlichenlebens im heutigen Berlin eingeschriebenen Aussparung der Nazigeschichte. Wie kann das entweder abgespaltene oder totinszenierte Geschichtswissen lebendig werden? Die Autoren zeigen, mit welch subtilen sprachlichen und filmischen Mitteln der Film Wissen vom Kopf auf die Füße stellt und welche Rolle(n) der Körper dabei spielt.
The significance of post-operative rehabilitation in obese and overweight patients
Authors: Sutkowska Edyta , Konieczny Grzegorz , Wrzosek Zdzisława , Sutkowski Krzysztof
Published: July 2016

Obesity is an independent risk factor for a number of diseases. Inadequate weight makes post-operative rehabilitation more difficult. It is not uncommon that at the post-operative stage many abnormalities, often ignored by the patient, are discovered. For this reason, the recovery takes longer and its results are not always satisfactory for patients and physicians. Adequate preparation of obese patients for the procedure and awareness of potential difficulties that may arise during post-operative rehabilitation are essential requisites for effective cooperation with the patient and safe recovery. The paper describes the most frequent problems experienced by obese patients during rehabilitation.
Effect of a 6-week program of physical therapy on the risk of falls in women with type II diabetes
Authors: Terlecka Aleksandra , Ostrowska Bożena
Published: July 2016

Aim of the study. The aim of this study The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the six-week therapeutic exercise program on the risk of falls in women with type II diabetes.

Material and methods. The study included 15 women suffering from type II diabetes for more than 10 years. The patients have participated in a six-week non-public physiotherapy programme in the Private Outpatient Therapeutic and Rehabilitation Clinic “ZDROWIE” in Oława. To assess the risk of falls, we used the short form of The Falls Risk Assessment System.

All participants were subjected to two series of measurements, before and after treatment, during which we examined the rate of falls by five functional tests. In addition, women have evaluated their own subjective assessment of the balance by means of a numerical ten-point visual analogue scale.

Results. The therapeutic exercise programme used contributed significantly to reducing the rate of falls (with Z-score =1.14 on the Z-score = 0.09) by improving the performance of quadriceps muscle strength, balance, reaction time and proprioception. There was also an increase in the subjective assessment of self-sustainability.

Conclusions. Regular exercise aimed at improving sensorimotor function reduces the impact of falls risk in women with type II diabetes. Physical activity has a positive effect on the stability of posture.
Children’s perception of human body
Authors: Nitecka-Walerych Anna
Published: July 2016

The subject of this article is the perception of the modern human body by young people, more specifically pupils of primary school. I based my research on the assumption that the human body, like the entire human being, is the result of a certain stage in the evolutionary process and it is entangled in social relationships. One may define it as nature functioning within culture. Throughout the centuries, various assets of the human body have been held in high esteem, according to the demands of the natural world and social norms imposed in a given society, arising out of the aesthetic canon. But the closer we get to the modern times, the less important is the value of the natural factor, and the more important is the cultural creation. The aim of my research was to answer the following questions: How do ten-year-olds perceive the modern human body of a woman and of a man, how do they describe it, what features do they pay attention to and in what order, and additionally, does this image correspond to the image of “ideal” body pursued by post-modern society and promoted in the mass media. The research encompassed 124 pupils.
One-pot multicomponent synthesis of furo[3,2-c]coumarins promoted by amino-functionalized Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Safaei-Ghomi Javad , Shahbazi-Alavi Hossein , Babaei Pouria
Published: July 2016

Amino-functionalized Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2–NH2 NPs) were prepared by treating Fe3O4@SiO2 NPs with (3-aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane. They have been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometer, scanning electronic microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, thermogravimetric analysis and FT-IR spectroscopy. A neat, atom-economical, environmentally benign one-pot multicomponent synthetic route for the synthesis of furo[3,2-c]coumarins in good yields has been devised using the Fe3O4@SiO2–NH2 NPs. The present methodology can be used for the design of libraries and diversity-oriented synthesis, and has potential for biological applications and drug discovery.
Vertical Jump and Leg Power Normative Data for Colombian Schoolchildren Aged 9–17.9 Years: The FUPRECOL Study
Authors: Ramírez-Vélez Robinson , Correa-Bautista Jorge E. , Lobelo Felipe , Cadore Eduardo L. , Alonso-Martinez Alicia M. , Izquierdo Mikel
Published: July 2016

Ramírez-Vélez, R, Correa-Bautista, JE, Lobelo, F, Cadore, EL, Alonso-Martinez, AM, and Izquierdo, M. Vertical jump and leg power normative data for Colombian schoolchildren aged 9–17.9 years: the FUPRECOL study. J Strength Cond Res 31(4): 990–998, 2017—The aims of the present study were to generate normative vertical jump height and predicted peak power (Ppeak) data for 9- to 17.9-year-olds and to investigate between-sex and age group differences in these measures. This was a cross-sectional study of 7,614 healthy schoolchildren (boys n = 3,258 and girls n = 4,356, mean [SD] age 12.8 [2.3] years). Each participant performed 2 countermovement jumps; jump height was calculated using a Takei 5414 Jump-DF Digital Vertical (Takei Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd.). The highest jump was used for analysis and in the calculation of predicted Ppeak. Centile smoothed curves, percentiles, and tables for the 3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 97th percentiles were calculated using Cole's LMS (L [curve Box-Cox], M [curve median], and S [curve coefficient of variation]) method. The 2-way analysis of variance tests showed that maximum jump height (in centimeters) and predicted Ppeak (in watts) were higher in boys than in girls (p < 0.01). Post hoc analyses within sexes showed yearly increases in jump height and Ppeak in all ages. In boys, the maximum jump height and predicted Ppeak 50th percentile ranged from 24.0 to 38.0 cm and from 845.5 to 3061.6 W, respectively. In girls, the 50th percentile for jump height ranged from 22.3 to 27.0 cm, and the predicted Ppeak was 710.1–2036.4 W. For girls, jump height increased yearly from 9 to 17.9 years old. Our results provide, for the first time, sex- and age-specific vertical jump height and predicted Ppeak reference standards for Colombian schoolchildren aged 9–17.9 years.
Perceived Sleep Quality, Mood States, and Their Relationship With Performance Among Brazilian Elite Athletes During a Competitive Period
Authors: Brandt Ricardo , Bevilacqua Guilherme G. , Andrade Alexandro
Published: July 2016

Brandt, R, Bevilacqua, GG, and Andrade, A. Perceived sleep quality, mood states, and their relationship with performance among Brazilian elite athletes during a competitive period. J Strength Cond Res 31(4): 1033–1039, 2017—We described the perceived sleep quality and mood states of elite athletes during a competitive period, and clarified their relationship to athletes' sport performance. Participants were 576 Brazilian elite athletes (404 men and 172 women) of individual and team sports. Mood states were evaluated using the Brunel Mood Scale, whereas perceived sleep quality was evaluated using a single question (“How would you evaluate the quality of your sleep in the last few days?”). Evaluations of mood state and sleep quality were performed up to 60 minutes before national and international sports competitions began. Descriptive and inferential statistics (including logistic regression) were used to evaluate the relationship of sleep quality and mood states with performance (i.e., winning or losing). Athletes typically had good sleep quality and mood states similar to the Iceberg profile (i.e., high vigor and low tension, depression, anger, fatigue, and mental confusion). The Wald test revealed that sleep, anger, tension, and vigor predicted athletes' performance. Specifically, poor sleep quality and low vigor and anger decreased the odds of winning, whereas higher tension increased these odds. The Hosmer–Lemeshow test indicated that the results were sufficiently generalizable. Overall, we observed a significant relationship between sleep and mood states, which in turn both significantly influenced athletes' sports performance. Thus, coaching staff and athletes should monitor athletes' sleep quality before competitions to ensure athletes are in the optimal condition for performance.
Evaluando la sustentabilidad de la densificación urbana. Indicadores y su dimensión espacial en el caso de Cuenca (Ecuador)
Authors: Cabrera Jara Natasha Eulalia , Orellana Vintimilla Daniel Augusto , Hermida Palacios María Augusta , Osorio Guerrero Pablo Enrique
Published: July 2016

Este artículo explica el proceso de generación de un sistema de indicadores que midan la sustentabilidad urbana en ciudades ecuatorianas. La propuesta aborda dos puntos críticos: a) la importancia de construir un sistema de indicadores que recoja la complejidad de la ciudad y pueda condensarse en un índice sintético; y, b) la necesidad de mostrar la dimensión espacial de los resultados para comparar diversos tejidos urbanos.La metodología empleada se resume en: 1) Construcción de un sistema de indicadores; 2) Selección de un área piloto de estudio; 3) Levantamiento de información primaria y secundaria; y, 4) Implementación del modelo de evaluación.El sistema de indicadores fue aplicado en una zona en proceso de consolidación en la ciudad de Cuenca-Ecuador para evaluar las potencialidades y limitaciones de la metodología. Con los ajustes pertinentes el sistema podrá implementarse en otras ciudades del país y la región, proporcionando una rápida valoración de la sustentabilidad urbana para ciudades en crecimiento, aportando además en la discusión teórica de estos temas y sirviendo de insumo para la toma de decisiones.
Un espacio productivo metropolitano: el caso del territorio intermedio entre Buenos Aires y Rosario (Argentina)
Authors: Massin Thomas
Published: July 2016

El territorio que une las dos metrópolis de Buenos Aires y Rosario está sometido a fuertes procesos metropolitanos, que nunca se han estudiado con precisión. Uno de estos procesos es la actividad productiva, cuyos dos actores principales son los grandes establecimientos industriales y las terminales portuarias. Su coexistencia en un espacio de metropolización precoz da lugar a un modelo original: un territorio a la vez fordista y post-fordista, que cuestiona la figura de la postmetrópolis propuesta por la Escuela de Los Ángeles.
Effective long term adaptation and metabolic state regulation of ski-racers
Authors: Bakhareva A.S. , Isaev A.P. , Erlikh V.V. , Aminov A.S.
Published: July 2016

Purpose: to scientifically substantiate effective mechanisms of organism’s bio-chemical adaptation of ski-racers in competition period with the help of lipid peroxidation indicators, oxidative modification of proteins and activity of hypothalamus pituitary adrenocortical system. Material: in the research 14 sportsmen of 18-25 years’ age (combined team of university) with different level of sportsmanship participated. Assessment of free radical oxidation, anti-oxidant system, cortisol level was fulfilled with the help of indicators’ quantitative analysis by bio-chemical methods applied to blood serum samples. Results: it was found that in the basis of bio-chemical changes under intensive physical loads is increase of catabolic processes’ speed. Change of organism’s metabolic orientation of ski racers at optimal level results in working muscles’ energy supply improvement, increase of energy systems’ power and sports efficiency. Conclusions: Application of interval trainings at stages of preparation to special significant competitions results in expected adaptation and increase of sports efficiency. We also showed their effective role in ensuring long term reactions, conditioning high sports efficiency.
Ubiquity and formation of chronic fatigue in qualified sportsmen
Authors: Ilyin V.N. , Alwani A.R.
Published: July 2016

Purpose: estimation of ubiquity of chronic fatigue among qualified sportsmen of Ukraine in different kinds of sports and determination of specificities of chronic fatigue syndrome’s formation among them. Material: in the research qualified sportsmen of different kinds of sports (n=286) participated. For determination of chronic fatigue degree we used the questionnaire of Leonova. Results: in 104 sportsmen we registered symptoms of chronic fatigue of different degree. Among women symptoms of chronic degree were registered oftener (47.0%), than among men (29.2%). Most of chronic fatigue cases were noticed in swimming, light athletics and football. Formation of chronic fatigue was preceded by certain stages: overtiredness, over tension, over training. In 36.4% of the questioned sportsmen we registered chronic fatigue symptoms of different degree. We offered a model of chronic fatigue and syndrome of chronic fatigue formation in qualified sportsmen. Conclusions: progressing of sportsmen’s chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome are characterized by gradual appearing of stable or relapsing significant tiredness or by quick tiredness. As a result we can observe reduction of usual activity during long period of time (more than one month).