bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OS DIREITOS HUMANOS E O COSMOPOLITISMO NO PANORAMA DAS CIDADES GLOBAIS: DESAFIOS E PARADOXOS DA CONTEMPORANEIDADE
Authors: Bedin Gilmar Antonio , Schonardie Elenise Felzke , Pedron Leves Aline Michele
Published: October 2018

Esse artigo busca contextualizar a temática da construção de uma sociedade cosmopolita a partir do panorama das cidades globais do século XXI. Na medida em que se verificaram os avanços intrínsecos da modernização, a contemporaneidade trouxe consigo uma série de paradoxos e desafios oriundos do fenômeno da globalização, os quais transformaram os sistemas de referência e passaram a exigir respostas às inúmeras complexidades sociais. O problema fundamental reside na ideia de encontrar possibilidades reais para constituir e consolidar espaços cosmopolitas no âmbito das cidades globais frente às heterogeneidades, intolerâncias e individualismos que transpõem a ordem nacional do modelo estatal soberanista e territorial, sintetizando tanto o local como o global. Nesse sentido, objetiva-se analisar, por meio do emprego do método hipotético-dedutivo e da técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica, a dimensão cosmopolita de coexistência dos sujeitos e das tendências macrossociais da sociedade globalizada, com vistas à proteção dos direitos humanos e à inclusão das diferenças que se materializam mundialmente. Portanto, nessa era marcada por profundas transições paradigmáticas, repleta de riscos e inseguranças, torna-se urgente a necessidade de combinar o modelo das cidades globais com as perspectivas de um cosmopolitismo que reconheça a essência das diversidades socioculturais e o ideal do cidadão do mundo.
MEDIAÇÃO E TRANSFORMAÇÃO SOCIAL
Authors: Bolzan de Morais Jose Luis , Veras Mariana Rodrigues
Published: October 2018

A mediação se tornou um ambiente privilegiado nos últimos tempos sem, contudo, ter conseguido amealhar, ao mesmo tempo, uma sofisticação teórica compatível com suas práticas que têm se tornado, cada vez mais, uma expressão do modelo neoliberal gerencial eficientista de gestão da crise do Sistema de Justiça. Na contramão disso, a literatura de Luis Alberto Warat nos permite pensar a mediação desde suas potencialidades disruptivas e transformadoras, dotada de uma potência que impacta as práticas jurídicas e seus atores. Este é o foco deste texto, recuperando alguns conceitos construídos por este autor.
O TRATAMENTO JURÍDICO E NORMATIVO DA DIGNIDADE DA PESSOA HUMANA E SUA APLICAÇÃO NA CULTURA JURÍDICA ESTADUNIDENSE, EUROPEIA E BRASILEIRA
Authors: Padilha dos Santos Rafael
Published: October 2018

Neste estudo analisa-se a dignidade da pessoa humana a partir da sua realidade normativa e jurídica contemporânea em âmbito nacional, regional e internacional, e o tratamento jurídico de sua aplicação na realidade das Supremas Cortes nos Estados Unidos, em países europeus e no Brasil. Diferentes culturas jurídicas empreendem o seu esforço interpretativo e legislativo que faz evidenciar que, na práxis jurídica, a dignidade da pessoa humana é tratada como uma construção cultural. Ademais, estimula-se em apresentar o potencial da dignidade em adotar conteúdo concreto através de sua explicitação e positivação, especialmente na sua irradiação nos direitos humanos e direitos fundamentais, e também como critério valorativo e interpretativo. A construção das ideias segue a base lógica indutiva, e a coleta de dados parte da pesquisa bibliográfica e jurisprudencial.
ESTADO MODERNO E PLURALISMO JURÍDICO: UMA ANÁLISE DENTRO DO NOVO CONSTITUCIONALISMO LATINO-AMERICANO
Authors: Oliveira Jadson Correia de , Alves Vanessa Estevam
Published: October 2018

O artigo em questão visa analisar as características do Estado Moderno e do Pluralismo Jurídico para demonstrar as incompatibilidades entre eles, e verificando que este promove a desconstrução dos elementos caracterizadores do Estado Moderno, bem como, aborda fragmentos históricos do período colonial para estabelecer uma relação entre Estado Moderno, Novo Constitucionalismo Latino-Americano, Pluralismo Jurídico e colonização justificando a necessidade do estudo proposto. Desta maneira, a pesquisa aborda as três teses de modo geral e especificamente analisando o antes o durante e o depois do período colonial. Para a realização do artigo foi utilizado o método dialético, tomando-se por base pesquisas doutrinárias e artigos correlacionados. Ao final, passa a tecer as considerações finais apresentando as diferenças existentes entre as características do Estado Moderno e do Pluralismo Jurídico que os tornam incompatíveis e a íntima relação entre a colonização e os rumos tomados até o novo movimento constitucional.
Human Amniotic Membrane Preparation, Preservation and Clinical Application Using Various Techniques for the Treatment of Ophthalmic Dysfunctions
Authors: Arifuzzaman Md. , Hossain Md. Liakat , Diba Farzana , Siddika Ayesha , Adnan MH , Akhtar Naznin , Hasan Md. Zahid , Asaduzzaman S.M.
Published: October 2018

Abstract: The aim of this study is to emphasize on the clinical uses of amniotic membrane (AM) in multiple ocular disorders. AM possesses many properties including promotion of epithelialization, anti-fibrotic, anti-apoptotic, anti-angiogenic properties. Epithelial wound healing on the eye surface is promoted due to several epidermal and keratocyte growth factors as well as by its anti-inflammatory and anti-scarring effects due to interleukin-10, interleukin-1 receptor antagonists and inhibition of transforming growth factor- beta (TGF-β) signal transduction by AM in the corneal and conjunctival fibroblasts respectively. It plays a crucial role by functioning as a substitute of basement membrane (BM) and as a temporary graft material. It is not only being used as an eye graft but also its extract can be used as an eye drop for corneal and external eye diseases. So its proper preparation, preservation and clinical application can bring a revolutionary change in the treatment of different ocular disorders.
Effect of Biochar on Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions at the Laboratory and Field Scales
Authors: Fidel Rivka B. , Laird David A. , Parkin Timothy B.
Published: October 2018

Biochar application to soil has been proposed as a means for reducing soil greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating climate change. The effects, however, of interactions between biochar, moisture and temperature on soil CO2 and N2O emissions, remain poorly understood.  Furthermore, the applicability of lab-scale observations to field conditions in diverse agroecosystems remains uncertain. Here we investigate the impact of a mixed wood gasification biochar on CO2 and N2O emissions from loess-derived soils using: (1) controlled laboratory incubations at three moisture (27, 31 and 35%) and three temperature (10, 20 and 30°C) levels, and (2) a field study with four cropping systems (continuous corn, switchgrass, low diversity grass mix, and high diversity grass-forb mix). Biochar reduced N2O emissions under specific temperatures and moistures in the laboratory and in the continuous corn cropping system in the field. However, the effect of biochar on N2O emissions was only significant in the field, and no effect on cumulative CO2 emissions was observed. Cropping system also had a significant effect in the field study, with soils in grass and grass-forb cropping systems emitting more CO2 and less N2O than corn cropping systems. Observed biochar effects were consistent with previous studies showing that biochar amendments can reduce soil N2O emissions under specific, but not all, conditions. The disparity in N2O emission responses at the lab and field scales suggests that laboratory incubation experiments are not reliable for predicting the impact of biochar at the field scale.
Reversibility in Controlled Polymerization Systems: Recent Progress and New Opportunities
Authors: Tang Houliang , Luan Yi , Yang Lu , Sun Hao
Published: October 2018

The field of controlled polymerization is growing and evolving at unprecedented rates, facilitating polymer scientists to engineer the structure and property of polymer materials for a variety of applications. However, the lack of degradability, particularly in vinyl polymers, is a general concern for not only environmental sustainability but also biomedical applications. In recent years, there has been a significant effort to develop reversible polymerization approaches in those well-established controlled polymerization systems. Reversible polymerization typically involves two steps including (i) forward polymerization which converts small monomers into macromolecules, and (ii) depolymerization capable of regenerating original monomers. Furthermore, recycled monomers can be repolymerized into new polymers. In this perspective, we highlight recent developments of reversible polymerization in those controlled polymerization systems and offer insight into the promise and utility of reversible polymerization systems. More importantly, the current challenges and future directions to solve those problems are discussed. We hope this perspective can serve as an “initiator” to promote continuing innovations in this fairly new area.
Optimal Rescue Ship Locations Using Image Processing and Clustering
Authors: Jung Cho-Young , Yoo Sang-Lok
Published: October 2018

Currently, maritime traffic is increasing with economic growth in several regions worldwide. However, this growth in maritime traffic has led to increased risk of marine accidents. These accidents have a higher probability of occurring in regions where geographical features, such as islands, are present. Further, the positioning of rescue ships in a particular ocean region with a high level of maritime activity is critical for rescue operations. This paper proposes a method for determining an optimal set of locations for stationing rescue ships in an ocean region with numerous accident sites in the Wando islands of South Korea. The computational challenge in this problem is identified as the positioning of numerous islands of varying sizes located in the region. Thus, the proposed method combines a clustering-based optimization method and an image processing approach that incorporates flood filling to calculate the shortest distance between two points in the ocean that detours around the islands. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method reduces the distance from rescue ships and each accident site by 5.0 km compared to the original rescue ship locations. Thus, rescue time is reduced.
Better Resolution of High-Spin Cobalt Hyperfine at Low Frequency: Co-Doped Ba(Zn1/3Ta2/3)O3 as a Model Complex
Authors: Antholine William E. , Zhang Shengke , Gonzales Justin , Newman Nathan
Published: October 2018

Low-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is used to extract the EPR parameter A-mid and support the approximate X-band value of g-mid for Ba(CoyZn1/3-yTa2/3)O3. Although cobalt hyperfine structure for the [+/−1/2> state is often unresolved at X-band or S-band, it is resolved in measurements on this compound. This allows for detailed analysis of the molecular orbital for the [+/−1/2> state, which is often the ground state. Moreover, this work shows that the EPR parameters for Co substituted into Zn compounds gives important insight into the properties of zinc binding sites.
Fusion of Enhanced and Synthetic Vision System Images for Runway and Horizon Detection
Authors: Fadhil Ahmed F. , Kanneganti Raghuveer , Gupta Lalit , Vaidyanathan Ravi
Published: October 2018

UAV network operation enables gathering and fusion from disparate information sources for flight control in both manned and unmanned platforms. In this investigation, a novel procedure for detecting runways and horizons as well as enhancing surrounding terrain is introduced based on fusion of enhanced vision system (EVS) and synthetic vision system (SVS) images. EVS and SVS image fusion has yet to be implemented real-world situations due to signal misalignment. We address this through a registration step to align the EVS and SVS images. Four fusion rules combining discrete wavelet transform (DWT) sub-bands are formulated, implemented and evaluated. The resulting procedure is tested on real EVS-SVS image pairs and pairs containing simulated turbulence. Evaluations reveal that runways and horizons can be detected accurately even in poor visibility. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that different aspects of the EVS and SVS images can be emphasized by using different DWT fusion rules. The procedure is autonomous throughout landing, irrespective of weather. We believe the fusion architecture developed holds promise for incorporation into head-up displays (HUDs) and UAV remote displays to assist pilots landing aircraft in poor lighting and varying weather. The algorithm also provided a basis rule selection in other signal fusion applications.
Genetic Diversity Analysis of 53 Indonesian Rice Genotypes using 6K Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Markers
Authors: Prasetiyono Joko , Hidayatun Nurul , Tasliah Tasliah
Published: October 2018

Indonesia is rich in rice genetic resources, however, only a small number has been used in variety improvement programs. This study aimed to determine the genetic diversity of Indonesian rice varieties using 6K SNP markers. The study was conducted at ICABIOGRAD for DNA isolation and IRRI for SNP marker analysis. Genetic materials were 53 rice genotypes consisting of 49 varieties and 4 check genotypes. SNP markers used were 6K loci. Results showed that among the markers analyzed, only 4,606 SNPs (76.77%) were successfully read. The SNP markers covered all twelve rice chromosomes of 945,178.27 bp. The most common allele observed was GG, whereas the least allele was TG. Dendrograms of the 53 rice varieties analyzed with 4,606 SNPs demonstrated several small groups containing genotypic mixtures between indica and japonica rice, and no groups were found to contain firmly indica or japonica type. Structure analysis (K = 2) with value of 0.8 showed that the 53 rice varieties were divided into several groups and each group consisted of 4 japonica, 2 tropical japonica, 46 indica, and 1 aus rice type, respectively. IR64 and Ciherang proved to have an indica genome, while Rojolele has japonica one. Dupa and Hawara Bunar, usually grouped into tropical japonica rice, were classified as indica type, and Hawara Bunar has perfectly 100% indica type. The results of this study indicated that rice classification (indica-japonica) which is usually classified based only on morphological characters, e.g. grain and leaf shapes, is not enough and classification based on SNP markers should be considered for that purpose.
Genetic Diversity Analysis and F2 Population Development for Breeding of Long Juvenile Trait in Soybean
Authors: Tasma I Made , Yani N. P. Mega Gena , Purwaningdyah Rosliana , Satyawan Dani , Nugroho Kristianto , Lestari Puji , Trijatmiko Kurniawan R. , Mastur Mastur
Published: October 2018

Genetic diversity analysis using molecular markers is an important step for selecting appropriate parents in a soybean breeding program. The aims of this study were to (1) analyze genetic diversity of 29 soybean genotypes assessed with 27 SSR markers for selecting appropriate parents and (2) develop F2 populations to be used for breeding long juvenile (LJ) trait in soybean to
be cultivated in short photoperiod condition. The soybean genotypes used consisted of 11 Indonesian soybean genotypes and 18 genotypes introduced from the USA. F2 populations were developed by crossing Grobogan with three introduced genotypes carrying LJ character. The PIC values of the 27 SSR markers ranged from 0.87 to 0.96. Cluster analysis resulted in three main
clusters at coefficient similarity of 0.76. The five LJ introduced accessions and the nine Indonesian genotypes showed high genetic distances and are useful as parent pairs for developing breeding populations. The F1 progeny phenotypic
performances of the cross far exceeded the performaces of both parents. Three F2 populations were developed by crossing the distantly related soybean genotypes. The F2 populations were verified by using SSR markers and it was found that they segregated in a 1:2:1 ratio confirming the segregation ratio of codominant SSR markers. The F2 populations should be useful for breeding LJ characters to improve soybean productivity in low latitude tropical countries such as Indonesia, which has day length of approximately 12 h all year round.
Growth Inhibition of Aspergillus spp. by Endophytic Bacteria
Authors: Susilowati Dwi N. , Haryono Untung
Published: October 2018

Aspergillus spp. (A. niger, A. flavus, and A. fumigatus) contaminate food commodities through production of secondary metabolites (mycotoxins) and aspergillosis, and thus pose severe hazard to human and animal health. Hence, the inhibition of mycotoxin-producing fungi on agricultural storage commodities needs to be considered. The aims of this study were to evaluate endophytic bacteria isolated from rice tissues that inhibit Aspergillus spp. growth, as well as to characterize the selected isolates morphologically and biochemically. Dual culture and disk diffusion method tests on 155 endophytic bacteria obtained three isolates, i.e. FB-Endo 65, FB-Endo 73, and FB-Endo 95, which showed inhibition zone from 13 to 17 mm against Aspergillus spp. growth. The inhibition zone and quantity of antifungal compounds increased positively with the length of incubation periods from 0 to 6 days. Antifungal compounds from the three isolates were insoluble in ethyl acetate, but soluble in methanol. The methanol soluble substance(s) from FB-Endo 73 showed higher inhibition zone than that of the other isolates. This result indicated that all three isolates produced strong antifungal activity. Morphological and biochemical identifications of the isolates revealed that all isolates belonged to the genus Bacillus sp. Further studies include identification and production methods of antifungal compounds of those endophytic bacteria and their application on stored seeds.
Comparing Oil Color and Oxidative Stability among Mustard Genotypes under Nitrogen Fertilization
Authors: Mawlong Ibandalin , Kumar M.S. Sujith , Kandpal Basant K. , Premi Om Prakash , Joshi Alka , Gurung Bishal
Published: October 2018

Core Ideas

The oxidative stability index (OSI) which is the ratio of monounsaturated fatty acid/polyunsaturated fatty acid was slightly improved under N‐fertilization (N80). It is worthy to mention this is the first report on Brassica juncea studying the effect of fertilizer application on oil quality and a comparison among genotypes.

Under the control (N0), the oxidative stability of oil was contributed by β‐carotene and at N80 application it was contributed by pheophytins.

The change in the contents level of pigments and the rate of transformation of chlorophyll a to pheophytin a is was high compared to chlorophyll b to pheophytin b under N80.

The oil with a shift in L*coordinate from 78 to 72 at N80 application showed a reduction in β‐carotene and an increase in pheophytin a.

Effect of N fertilization (N80) on oil color was investigated in 24 genotypes of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea). Most of the genotypes were found to have oil color coordinates of L* 72 to 78, while a* and b* color coordinates did not vary. Genotypes with a shift in L* coordinates from 78 to 72 under N80 had lower β‐carotene content, which decreased from 11.3% (IC212031) to 68% (Maya). Among the two classes of pheophytins, pheophytin a was dominant under N80. Chlorophyll a was absent in almost all oil samples. In N80, the rate of degradation of chlorophyll a into its product pheophytin a was greater over that of the control (N0) as evident from the negative correlation of chlorophyll a and pheophytin a (r = –0.54). Peroxide value (PV) was negatively correlated to all pigments under N0. In the case of acid value (AV), under N0, the stability of oil seems to be more contributed by β‐carotene, whereas under N80, the oxidative stability of oil indicated by AV and PV appears to be contributed more by pheophytins. There was also improvement in oil stability index (OSI) under N80 as compared to N0 application. It is inferred that N fertilization does influence the oil pigmentation and its stability which is important for good quality oil.
Application of Machine Learning Methodologies for Predicting Corn Economic Optimal Nitrogen Rate
Authors: Qin Zhisheng , Myers D. Brenton , Ransom Curtis J. , Kitchen Newell R. , Liang Sang‐Zi , Camberato James J. , Carter Paul R. , Ferguson Richard B. , Fernandez Fabian G. , Franzen David W. , Laboski Carrie A.M. , Malone Brad D. , Nafziger Emerson D. , Sawyer John E. , Shanahan John F.
Published: October 2018

Core Ideas

A Machine Learning approach was innovatively used to predict corn EONR.

Two features were created to approximate hydrological conditions for modeling EONR.

Soil hydrology conditions were found essential in successful modeling in‐season EONR.

Determination of in‐season N requirement for corn (Zea mays L.) is challenging due to interactions of genotype, environment, and management. Machine learning (ML), with its predictive power to tackle complex systems, may solve this barrier in the development of locally based N recommendations. The objective of this study was to explore application of ML methodologies to predict economic optimum nitrogen rate (EONR) for corn using data from 47 experiments across the US Corn Belt. Two features, a water table adjusted available water capacity (AWCwt) and a ratio of in‐season rainfall to AWCwt (RAWCwt), were created to capture the impact of soil hydrology on N dynamics. Four ML models—linear regression (LR), ridge regression (RR), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, and gradient boost regression trees (GBRT)—were assessed and validated using “leave‐one‐location‐out” (LOLO) and “leave‐one‐year‐out” (LOYO) approaches. Generally, RR outperformed other models in predicting both at planting and split EONR times. Among the 47 tested sites, for 33 sites the predicted split EONR using RR fell within the 95% confidence interval, suggesting the chance of using the RR model to make an acceptable prediction of split EONR is ∼70%. When RR was used to test split EONR prediction with input weather features surrogated with 10 yr of historical weather data, the model demonstrated robustness (MAE, 33.6 kg ha−1; R2 = 0.46). Incorporating mechanistically derived hydrological features significantly enhanced the ability of the ML procedures to model EONR. Improvement in estimating in‐season soil hydrological status seems essential for success in modeling N demand.
Co‐inoculation with Bradyrhizobium and Azospirillum Increases Yield and Quality of Soybean Seeds
Authors: Queiroz Rego Carlos Henrique , Cardoso Fernanda Brito , da Silva Cândido Ana Carina , Teodoro Paulo Eduardo , Alves Charline Zaratin
Published: October 2018

The use of microorganisms is a very recurrent reality in agriculture.

Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Azospirillum brasilense benefits the development of plants.

There was an increase in the yield components of soybean.

Microorganisms are widely used in agriculture. Among them, the bacterial genus Bradyrhizobium is commonly found in cultivated soils, forming symbiotic relationships with legume species. This work aimed to evaluate whether co‐inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Azospirillum brasilense influences the components of production, yield, and physiological quality of soybean seeds. The experiment was conducted in three consecutive crop seasons (from 2014–2015 to 2016–2017), in the municipality of Chapadão do Sul, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The experiment consisted of a randomized complete block design, with seven treatments and four replications, using the following treatments: T1, control (without inoculation); T2, inoculation with B. japonicum (150 mL); T3, inoculation with A. brasilense (150 mL); T4, co‐inoculation with B. japonicum + A. brasilense (75 mL + 75 mL); T5, co‐inoculation with B. japonicum + A. brasilense (150 mL + 150 mL); T6, co‐inoculation with B. japonicum + A. brasilense (225 mL+ 225 mL); and T7, co‐inoculation with B. japonicum + A. brasilense (300 mL+ 300 mL). Each treatment (dose) was applied to 50 kg of soybean seeds. The study evaluated the agronomic variables number of nodules per plant, dry shoot biomass per plant, plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, mass of 100 seeds, and grain yield; and the seed quality variables first germination count, germination, emergence, emergence speed index, electric conductivity, accelerated aging, and tetrazolium. The co‐inoculation of soybean seeds with B. japonicum and A. brasilense benefits the development of plants, increasing yield components, grain yield, and seed quality. The most efficient level was 225 mL of each inoculant for 50 kg of seed.
Nonlinear Modeling for Analyzing Data from Multiple Harvest Crops
Authors: Sari Bruno G. , Olivoto Tiago , Diel Maria I. , Krysczun Dionatan K. , Lúcio Alessandro D. C. , Savian Taciana V.
Published: October 2018

We proposed a workflow for nonlinear modeling of data from multiple‐harvest crops.

We demonstrated why the nonlinearity measures should be used to select nonlinear models.

We demonstrated as the critical points describe the multiple‐harvest crops production.

Logistic model parameters determine the precocity and the concentration of production.

Growth models are alternative to ANOVA in analyzing data from multiple‐harvest crops.

Nonlinear growth models have been widely used for analyzing production curves with a sigmoidal pattern; however, all benefits that these models provide are not being fully exploited. Our aim here is to provide a step‐by‐step guide on how to choose a nonlinear model with parameters close to being unbiased, and to show how to estimate and interpret the critical points of a model aimed at determining the precocity and concentration of the production. Data on two uniformity trials conducted with eggplant (Solanum melongenaL.) was used for this purpose. The Brody, Gompertz, logistic, and von Bertalanffy models were fitted to predict the number and fresh mass of fruits per plant. The model with lower nonlinearity measures and lower bias of the parameter estimates was selected. All the tested models presented satisfactory goodness‐of‐fit measures, but they differed regarding nonlinearity measures. The logistic model was selected because it had lower intrinsic and parametric nonlinearity and lower bias in parameter estimates. The inflection point and maximum acceleration/deceleration points of this model provide detailed pieces of information of the production through the productive cycle. Finally, using the logistic model as an example, we demonstrate that lower values of β2are related to an earlier maximum production rate, and higher values of β3are related to an earlier production that is concentrated in fewer days. The nonlinearity measures were important for the model selection. Thus, it is strongly recommended that nonlinearity is estimated and used to select nonlinear models in future studies.
Genetic Characterization of Maximilian Sunflower for the Development of a Locally Adapted Perennial Grain Oilseed
Authors: Asselin Sean R. , Brûlé-Babel Anita L. , Cattani Douglas J.
Published: October 2018

Maximilian sunflower (Helianthus maximiliani Schrad.), a crop wild relative of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), has been identified as a species of interest for the development of a perennial oilseed crop. Knowledge of the diversity, the potential for crop development, and genomic resources of this crop wild relative is limited. To facilitate its use in breeding programs, a baseline characterization of locally adapted germplasm is required to develop informed breeding strategies. Individuals were collected from nine sites in southern Manitoba, Canada, and characterized for phenotypic and genotypic divergence to estimate traits of interest for the implementation of a breeding program in Maximilian sunflower. Genotype‐by‐sequencing was used to characterize population genetic parameters and identify candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with phenotypic divergence and environmental differences between collection sites. Candidate SNPs associated with frost‐free period, temperature during the primary vegetative growth period, elevation, soil CaCO3 equivalent, days to anthesis and capitulum size were identified and may be useful for the improvement of H. maximiliani and crop species related to cultivated sunflower. Associations between temperature, population structure, and overall plant size were also identified, suggesting phenotypic divergence across a local temperature gradient. The sampled Maximilian sunflower populations exhibited a high degree of polymorphism, low levels of inbreeding, and a highly heterozygous genome at the local scale, traits that favor the establishment of locally adapted germplasm pools. There appears to be sufficient variation to make selections for agronomic traits in local germplasm of Maximilian sunflower to support its development as a perennial oilseed.
Genetic Diversity Patterns and Heterosis Prediction Based on SSRs and SNPs in Hybrid Parents of Pearl Millet
Authors: Singh Satbeer , Gupta S. K. , Thudi Mahendar , Das Roma Rani , Vemula Anilkumar , Garg Vanika , Varshney R. K. , Rathore Abhishek , Pahuja S. K. , Yadav Dev Vart
Published: October 2018

The present investigation was performed to assess genetic divergence and heterosis prediction in hybrid parents of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R Br.] using simple sequence repeat (SSR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Using 56 SSR loci, 412 alleles were detected in 147 lines with an average of 7.36 alleles per locus, and 75,007 SNP loci were detected in 117 lines. Both SSR‐ and SNP‐based clustering and structure analysis partitioned all maintainer (B) and restorer (R) lines into two clear‐cut separate groups, indicating the existence of two diverse gene pools, each representing the seed and restorer parents in pearl millet. Results of analysis of molecular variance and principal coordinate analysis also showed significant diversity between B and R lines. The correlation between parental genetic distances estimated based on SSRs and SNPs was high and significant (r = 0.58, p <.01). Similar clustering pattern of hybrid parents was observed with both marker systems, although the cost of genotyping was 41% less with SNPs than with SSRs, and the ratio of loci detected with SNPs was much higher (1:364 SSR/SNP), hence the use of SNPs is indicated over SSRs for germplasm characterization. A set of 136 hybrids (including all B × B, R × R, and B × R crosses) generated crossing 17 hybrid parents (nine B lines and eight R lines) in half diallel (without reciprocal) fashion, and evaluation at two locations revealed that the correlation between genetic distance and better parent heterosis for grain yield was moderate, positive, and significant (with SSR, 0.33, p <.01; with SNP, 0.35, p <.01), hence both SSRs and SNPs were found comparable in results for heterosis prediction.
Comparing vis–NIRS, LIBS, and Combined vis–NIRS‐LIBS for Intact Soil Core Soil Carbon Measurement
Authors: Bricklemyer Ross S. , Brown David J. , Turk Philip J. , Clegg Samuel
Published: October 2018

Core Ideas

First rigorous integration of VisNIR and LIBS spectroscopic techniques for soil profile C measurement.

Field‐moist intact soil cores scanned with LIBS and VisNIR simulating in situ measurements.

Combined VisNIR‐LIBS wavelengths selected by MRCE were split nearly equally between sensors, suggesting molecular and elemental information was successfully integrated for predicting TC, IC, and SOC.

Stoichiometric relationships in LIBS elemental emissions are more strongly correlated to IC concentration than were carbonate absorptions in VisNIR.

Lack of variation and consistent, definable chemical composition and stoichiometry likely contributed to poor LIBS and combined VisNIR – LIBS prediction accuracy for SOC.

Soil organic carbon (SOC) measurement is critically important to quantify regional and global soil C stocks and better understand soil C biogeochemical processes. Recent studies employing laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and visible‐near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (vis–NIRS) indicate their potential for in situ soil C determination. Visible and near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and LIBS spectroscopy fundamentally differ and we hypothesize that their integration would provide improved soil C predictions. We report the first rigorous integration of vis–NIRS and LIBS, evaluating the precision of vis–NIRS, LIBS, and combined vis–NIRS‐LIBS spectra for simulated in situ soil profile total C (TC), inorganic C (IC) and SOC measurement. Three multivariate variable selection and regression approaches were evaluated for soil C prediction. The highest soil C prediction accuracies were observed using multivariate regression with covariance estimation (MRCE). Inorganic C was best predicted by LIBS, vis–NIRS provided better SOC predictions, and TC was best predicted using combined vis–NIRS‐LIBS data. Combined vis–NIRS‐LIBS did not consistently increase soil C prediction accuracy. Soil organic C was not well predicted, presumably due to challenges associated with scanning surfaces of intact soil cores, variable SOC chemistries, and low SOC variation in the dataset. Considering the challenging conditions under which combined vis–NIRS– LIBS was tested for soil C measurement, data integration and model calibrations had acceptable performance. Further testing under more controlled soil conditions with samples containing greater SOC diversity is necessary to determine the technical potential of combined vis–NIRS/LIBS for soil C determination.
A Novel Shortwave Infrared Proximal Sensing Approach to Quantify the Water Stability of Soil Aggregates
Authors: Gholoubi Azadeh , Emami Hojat , Jones Scott B. , Tuller Markus
Published: October 2018

A novel proximal sensing approach to determine soil aggregate stability is demonstrated.

Change in pre‐ vs. post‐wetted aggregate reflectance yields aggregate stability (AS) from surface structure alteration.

Results were well‐correlated with those of the high energy moisture characteristic (HEMC) method, which involves rapid and slow wetting of aggregates.

The new method only employs rapid wetting of aggregates, saving time for sample processing and evaluation.

Soil structure and aggregate stability (AS) are critical soil properties affecting water infiltration, root growth, and resistance to soil and wind erosion. Changes in AS may be early indicators of soil degradation, pointing to low organic matter (OM) content, reduced biological activity, or poor nutrient cycling. Hence, efficient and reliable AS measurement techniques are essential for detection, management, and remediation of degraded soil resources. Here we quantify soil AS by developing a novel proximal sensing technique based on shortwave infrared (SWIR) reflectance measurements. The novel approach is similar to the well‐documented high energy moisture characteristic (HEMC) method, which yields a stability ratio (SR) derived from comparison of hydraulic and structural characteristics of slowly‐ and rapidly‐wetted soil samples near‐saturation. We rapidly wetted aggregated soil samples (i.e., high energy input) and hypothesized that an AS index can be derived from SWIR surface reflectance spectra due to differences in post‐wetting surface roughness that is intimately linked to AS. To test this hypothesis, surface reflectance spectra from a wide range of structured soil textures under both slowly‐ and rapidly‐wetted samples, were measured with a SWIR spectroradiometer (350–2500 nm). The ratio between pre‐ and post‐wetting spectra was determined and compared with the HEMC method's volume of drainable pore ratio (VDPR). We found a strong correlation (R 2 = 0.87) between the VDPR and the SWIR‐derived reflectance index (RI) and also between the SR (R 2 = 0.90) and the RI for all soils. These results point to the feasibility and appeal of quantifying AS using the newly proposed and more time‐efficient proximal sensing method.
Conservative treatment of chronic obliterating diseases of lower limb arteries
Authors: Bogachev V. YU. , Boldin B. V. , Rodionov S. V. , Turkin P. YU.
Published: October 2018

The incidence of peripheral arteries atherosclerosis varies in the general population between 3 to 10%, increasing to 15 to 20% in patients older than 70 years. Due to the high and constantly increasing prevalence, chronic obliterating diseases of lower limbs arteries (CODLLA) constitute an important medical and socioeconomic problem that cannot be solved only through wide introduction and application of various innovative surgical technologies. The fact is that even the most modern and knowledge-intensive surgical interventions do not exert a fundamental influence on the principles of the CODLLA pathogenesis. Moreover, there is no doubt that the success of arterial reconstruction and its prolongation are largely determined by adequate conservative treatment, the principles of which are discussed in this article.
Компрессионная терапия. Новые технологии и возможности
Authors: Bogachev V. YU. , Boldin B. V. , Kaperiz K. A. , Turkin P. YU.
Published: October 2018

Компрессионная терапия служит эффективной и неинвазивной технологией, предназначенной для лечения и профилактики заболеваний вен и лимфатических сосудов конечностей. Регламент использования компрессионной терапии и ее инновационные методики являются предметом постоянного обсуждения в профессиональной врачебной аудитории. В данной обзорной публикации представлены регламентирующие данные по особенностям компрессионной терапии актуальных нозологических форм, обобщенные и проанализированные экспертами, являющимися участниками Международного компрессионного клуба.
Choosing conservative therapy in acute hemorrhoids
Authors: Blagodarny L. A. , Abritsova M. V. , Zhdankina S. N.
Published: October 2018

The article presents the results of conservative therapy in patients with acute hemorrhoids over a 7-day follow-up period. A prospective, randomized study was based on the evidence base for the efficacy of the micronized purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF) used for the treatment of patients with hemorrhoidal disease. The use of MPFF in patients with acute hemorrhoids showed a statistically significant reduction of pain intensity, analgesics consumption, and intensity of bleeding.
The ERM Complex: A New Player Involved in Diabetes-induced Vascular Leakage
Authors: Simó-Servat Olga , Hernández Cristina , Simó Rafael
Published: October 2018

Background:

Microvascular complications remain an important cause of morbidity in diabetic patients, and they are associated with a significant economic burden for healthcare systems. Vascular leakage is one of the earlier hallmarks in diabetic microvascular complications. Ezrin, Radixin and Moesin (ERM) proteins have recently been involved in vascular dysfunction under the effect of molecular mediators of diabetes complications. In this review, we will present the available evidence regarding the role of these proteins in vascular leakage and their putative implication in diabetic microvascular complications.

Methods and Results:

A comprehensive literature search of the electronic MEDLINE database was performed between November 2017 and January 2018. As a result, 36 articles have been reviewed and discussed.

Discussion:

ERM proteins are cytoskeleton-membrane linkers, and when activated in endothelial cells are able to induce cytoskeleton reorganization in stress fibers leading to the disassembly of focal adhesions and the formation of paracellular gaps which result in an increase of vascular permeability. The activation of these proteins is induced by mediators involved in diabetic complications such as PKC activation, TNF-α, AGEs and oxidative stress. In conclusion, ERMs play an essential role in endothelium homeostasis and can be envisaged as a new therapeutic molecular target for preventing or arresting diabetes-induced vascular leakage.
Genetic Polymorphisms and Zinc Status: Implications for Supplementation in Metabolic Diseases
Authors: Virgili Fabio , Ambra Roberto , McCormack Jacqueline , Simpson Ellen E.A. , Ciarapica Donatella , Barnaba Lorenzo , Azzini Elena , Polito Angela
Published: October 2018

Background:

Zinc is an essential component for all living organisms, representing the second most
abundant trace element, after iron. This element is widely distributed in the tissues of a human body where it is
involved in normal growth, reproduction and several biological functions including immunity, energy metabolism
and antioxidant processes. Because of its essential role, zinc levels in the human body must remain constant,
independently of dietary intake fluctuations. The homeostasis of zinc is a well-regulated cellular process and has
been reported to be chiefly mediated by the expression and activity of zinc-binding proteins such as metallothioneins
and zinc transporters. Genes encoding for these proteins are subjected to genetic variants.

Methods:

We performed a multi-database electronic search to provide an overview on the relationship between
specific polymorphisms (SNP) of genes encoding for metallothioneins and zinc transporters and their relationship
with zinc status, immune function and some non-communicable diseases.

Results:

A number of SNP are implicated in a range of metabolic disease. Some SNP may affect the impact of
zinc supplementation on immune function, diabetes, and obesity.

Conclusion:

New studies are needed to clarify the interaction between individual genetic profile and zinc status.
Moreover, there is a need for a better interaction between the scientific bodies and health professionals to allow
better dietary and behavioural recommendations to promote human health, with particular concern to elderly
people.
A Meta-analysis of Randomized Control Trials: The Impact of Vitamin C Supplementation on Serum CRP and Serum hs-CRP Concentrations
Authors: Jafarnejad Sadegh , Boccardi Virginia , Hosseini Banafshe , Taghizadeh Mohsen , Hamedifard Zahra
Published: October 2018

Objective: The present meta-analysis was designed to assess the effects of vitamin C supplementation
on serum C-reactive Protein (CRP) levels.

Methods:

We conducted a comprehensive systematic search of the literature in Scopus, PubMed and Google
Scholar until May 2018. The pooled Weighted Mean Difference (WMD) and its 95% Confidence Interval (CI) in
baseline and at the end of the trial were calculated to assess the net change in serum CRP by using random-effects
model. The heterogeneity was assessed by I2 test. Combined and stratified analyses were used in the metaanalysis.

Results:

From 306 articles found and screened in our initial search, 12 studies were included with 446 participants
in supplementation groups and 447 in control groups. The pooled effect size analysis showed a significant
reducing effect of vitamin C supplementation on circulating CRP level (−0.23 mg/L, 95% CI, −0.44, -0.03,
p=0.02), with a significant heterogeneity effect across the studies involved. Subgroup analyses showed that vitamin
C supplementation significantly lowered CRP among trials. The most significant effect was found 1) on hs-
CRP as the representative inflammatory marker (-0.43 mg/L, 95% CI -0.76, -0.1) 2) in subjects with a baseline
CRP≥3 (-1.48 mg/L, 95% CI -2.84, -0.11) 3) in subjects under <60 years old of age (-0.23 mg/L, 95% CI -0.44,-
0.01) 4) or using intravenous administration of vitamin C (-0.89 mg/L, 95% CI -1.49,-0.3).

Conclusion:

The present meta-analysis shows that vitamin C supplementation reduces serum CRP level, particularly
in younger subjects, with higher CRP baseline level, at a lower dosage and intravenous administration.
Gene Therapy and Photothermal Therapy of Layer-by-Layer Assembled AuNCs /PEI/miRNA/ HA Nanocomplexes
Authors: Yan Li-Juan , Guo Xin-Hong , Wang Wei-Ping , Hu Yu-Rong , Duan Shao-Feng , Liu Ying , Sun Zhi , Huang Sheng-Nan , Li Hui-li
Published: October 2018

Background:

MicroRNA (miRNA) therapy, which was widely considered to treat a series of cancer, has been confronted with numerous obstacles to being delivered into target cells because of its easy biodegradation and instability.

Methods:

In this research, we successfully constructed 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid modified gold nanocages (AuNCs)/polyethyleneimine (PEI)/miRNA/hyaluronic acid (HA) complexes (abbreviated as AuNCs/PEI/miRNA/HA) using a layer-by-layer method for target-specific intracellular delivery of miRNA by HA receptor mediated endocytosis.

Results:

The results of UV spectra, hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential analyses confirmed the formation of AuNCs/PEI/ miRNA/HA complex with its average particle size of ca. 153 nm and surface charge of ca. -9.43 mV. Next, we evaluated the antitumor effect of the nanocomplex mediated by the combination of gene therapy and photothermal therapy (PTT) against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vitro.

Conclusion:

Our experimental results indicated that the AuNCs/PEI/miRNA/HA complex effectively delivered miRNA to the target cells and its antitumor effect was significantly enhanced by the combination of gene therapy and photothermal therapy. In addition, anti-miR-181b could promote Bel-7402 cell arrest in S phase and improve TIMP-3 mRNA expression. All these results suggested that AuNCs/PEI/miRNA/HA gene delivery system with combination of gene therapy and photothermal therapy might be exploited for HCC treatment.
Molecular and Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Diabetic Retinopathy in Relation to Adhesion Molecules
Authors: Joy Salini Scaria , Siddiqui Khalid
Published: October 2018

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is considered as a most common microvascular complication of diabetes affected by one in three people who are suffered for diabetes. Several pathophysiological mechanisms and adhesion molecules may play an etiologic role in the development of diabetes and its complications. The adhesion molecules located on both leucocytes and endothelial cells and considered as important molecules which can assessed the endothelial function. The functions of adhesion molecules involved in the cellular margination, slow rolling and transmigration of leukocytes. Hyperglycemia and its immediate biochemical sequelae or the low-grade inflammation directly alter endothelial function or influence endothelial cell functioning indirectly by induce oxidative stress and activates leukocytosis and leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions by the increased expression of adhesion molecules, growth factors, inflammatory factors, chemokines etc. and results DR. This review summarized the several pathophysiological mechanisms and role of adhesion molecules in disruption of homeostasis of vasculature by leukocytes in the development of diabetic retinopathy.