bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eliminating Plasmodium falciparum malaria: Results from tailoring active case detection approaches to remote populations in forested border areas in north-eastern Cambodia
Authors: Stratil Ann-Sophie , Vernaeve Lieven , Lopes Sergio , Bourny Yves , Mannion Kylie , Hamade Prudence , Roca-Feltrer Arantxa , Tibenderana James K. , Sovannaroth Siv , Debackere Mark
Published: January 2021

Background: Remaining Plasmodium falciparum cases in Cambodia are concentrated in forested border areas and in remote populations who are hard to reach through passive case detection. A key approach to reach these populations is active case detection by mobile malaria workers (MMWs). However, this is operationally challenging because of changing movement patterns of the target population moving into less accessible areas. From January 2018 to December 2020, a tailored package of active case detection approaches was implemented in forested border areas of three provinces in north-eastern Cambodia to reach remote populations and support the elimination of P. falciparum malaria.Approach: Key elements of this project were to tailor approaches to local populations, use responsive monitoring systems, maintain operational flexibility, build strong relationships with local communities, and implement close supervision practices. MMWs were recruited from local communities. Proactive case detection approaches included mobile malaria posts positioned at frequented locations around and within forests, and locally informed outreach activities targeting more remote locations. Reactive case detection was conducted among co-travellers of confirmed cases. Testing for malaria was conducted independent of fever symptoms. Routine monitoring of programmatic data informed tactical adaptations, while supervision exercises ensured service quality. Results: Despite operational challenges, service delivery sites were able to maintain consistently high testing rates throughout the implementation period, with each site testing a monthly average of 64 (standard deviation 6) people in 2020. Over the project period, the P. falciparum/P. vivax ratio steadily inversed. In 2020, MMWs detected only 32 P. falciparum cases. Including data from neighbouring health facilities and village malaria workers, 45% (80,988/180,732) of all people tested and 39% (1,280/3,243) of P. falciparum cases detected in the area can be attributed to project MMWs.Remaining challenges: Maintaining intensified elimination efforts, addressing the issue of detecting low parasitemia cases and shifting focus to P. vivax malaria challenge the last phase of malaria elimination.Conclusions: Reaching remote populations through active case detection should remain a key strategy to eliminate P. falciparum malaria. We have presented a successful approach combining tailored proactive and reactive strategies that could be transferred to similar settings in other areas of the Greater Mekong Subregion.
Terapia fotodinâmica antimicrobiana como recurso adjuvante no tratamento endodôntico em dentes infectados: análise bibliométrica e revisão de literatura
Authors: Figueirêdo Júnior Ernani Canuto , Pereira Marcielly Moreira , Torres Renata Correia Sotero Dália , Missias Eucaé Miranda , Pereira Jozinete Vieira , Albuquerque Mônica Soares de
Published: January 2021

As infecções endodônticas são caracterizadas por apresentarem uma microbiota diversificada e complexa, desempenhando um papel importante no desenvolvimento das patologias pulpares e periapicais. Entretanto, apesar de o controle dessa infecção ser o principal objetivo do tratamento endodôntico de dentes infectados, os procedimentos químico-mecânicos podem falhar na remoção dos microrganismos patogênicos no sistema de canais radiculares, sendo necessário a realização de estratégias adjuvantes para sua desinfecção. Dentre essas, a terapia fotodinâmica antimicrobiana tem se destacado como um método promissor no tratamento das infecções endodônticas. Diante disso, este estudo consiste em uma análise bibliométrica e uma revisão de literatura acerca do uso da laserterapia através da terapia fotodinâmica como estratégia adjuvante na desinfecção dos canais radiculares. O levantamento de dados deste trabalho foi realizado nas bases de dados PUBMED, Science Direct e Scielo, incluindo-se um total de 39 artigos. Assim, foram detalhados e discutidos aspectos gerais acerca das limitações encontradas nos procedimentos químico-mecânicos convencionais durante o tratamento endodôntico, destacando nesse contexto aspectos como a importância, as vantagens, o mecanismo e a eficácia da utilização da  terapia fotodinâmica como recurso adjuvante no tratamento endodôntico de dentes infectados, concluindo-se que a utilização da terapia fotodinâmica representa uma estratégia promissora e eficaz para ser utilizada em associação com os protocolos de desbridamento químico-mecânico convencional visando à potencialização da desinfecção dos canais radiculares.
CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN UKRAINE
Authors: Bondarenko O.S.
Published: January 2021

The article deals with criminal liability for domestic violence in Ukraine. For a considerable period of time, in many cultures and in different political regimes, the family has been considered the foundation of society. The priority of the family is enshrined in both international legal acts and the Basic Law of Ukraine. However,
unfortunately, sometimes the family does not become an attribute of security and peace, but rather an attribute of quarrels, conflicts, and sometimes even of violence. Sociological surveys are also disappointing: almost 70% of women are subjected to various forms of domestic violence, and 35% of minors are systematically affected by abusive parenting.
In view of the pressing social need to criminalize domestic violence, and in the context of Ukraine’s ratification of the Council of Europe Convention on the Prevention of and Violence against Women and Domestic Violence, a new Article 126-1 “Domestic Violence” was introduced in Criminal Code of Ukraine.
The author analyzes the criminal responsibility for domestic violence through the prism of the composition of crime. It has been established that the main direct object of a domestic violence crime is the health of the individual. An additional optional object may be the person’s honor, his / her mental integrity, etc. The objective aspect of domestic violence can take three forms of expression: physical, psychological, and economic violence. The subject is special (a spouse or former spouse or another person
who is in a family or close relationship). The subjective side of the crime is characterized by direct intent. It is concluded that the current construction of this crime is not in general contrary to the current legislation, but needs adjustments that can improve both the perception of the norm itself and the process of its implementation.
Keywords: domestic violence, types of domestic violence, physical violence, economic violence, psychological violence, qualification of domestic violence, the victim of domestic violence.
EUROPEAN STANDARDS OF FOOD SAFETY AND CONSUMER PROTECTION
Authors: Kobzeva T.A , Ivanov A.O.
Published: January 2021

In this work, the authors explored the concepts of «consumption» and «consumer» in the context of food safety and consumer protection. It also set out the main objectives of European consumer policy and the ways in which they can be implemented.
Based on an analysis of European legislation aimed at ensuring the health, economic and legal interests of consumers, it was determined how the European Union provides a general level of legal protection in the field of consumer policy. The authors found that each member state of the European Union has an obligation to implement generally accepted norms and standards in national law, in order to ensure a high level of protection of the rights of its citizens in the consumer sphere. In addition, the article provides an explanation of the terms «food safety» and «safe food», as well as identifies the main factors for maintaining food safety for the human body. The authors analyzed the concepts, purpose, and role of European standardization in the context of consolidation of the united European market; the concepts of «standard» and European standard» are explored, as well as the main ways of their creation and use. This article also outlines the legal status of the European Committee for Standardization, its key areas of activity, and its impact on the European market. In addition, the process of creating a series of international ISO standards was investigated and its purpose established. Much attention was paid to the EU-wide HACCP system, its features, and benefits. The GFSI International Standards and Certification System and its individual representatives were characterized, including the Food Safety System Certification 22000 (FSSC 22000), the British Retail Consortium Global Standard for Food Safety (BRCGS), and the International Food Standard (IFS). Requirements for implementation of these standards, their purpose, features, and advantages were also identified. The authors found that in order to ensure a high level of consumer protection, it is advisable to simultaneously implement several European standards, along with the HACCP system, the most appropriate of which were proposed in the article presented.
Keywords: standardization, European standards, food safety, consumer protection.
Genetic Analysis of the Unique Epicuticular Wax Profile of ‘Odourless Greenleaf’ Onion
Authors: Havey Michael J. , Hunsaker Derek J. , Munaiz Eduardo D.
Published: January 2021

The amounts and types of epicuticular waxes on onion (Allium cepa) leaves affect the severity of feeding damage by onion thrips (Thrips tabaci), a serious insect pest of onion. Onion plants with light green leaves are referred to as “glossy” and accumulate less epicuticular wax relative to the blue–green (“waxy”) foliage of wild-type onion. The onion cultivar Odourless Greenleaf (OGL) has visually glossy foliage, shows resistance to thrips feeding damage, and has the unique profile of accumulating waxes with 28 or fewer carbons. Plants of glossy OGL were crossed with the glossy inbred B9885 and waxy inbred lines DH2107, DH066619, and B8667. Hybrid progenies from glossy OGL by waxy plants had waxy foliage, indicating recessiveness of the glossy OGL phenotype relative to the waxy phenotype. Hybrids from the cross of glossy OGL with glossy B9885 were also waxy, revealing different genetic bases for the glossy phenotype in these two onions. Hybrid plants were self-pollinated and segregations in F2 families from OGL × waxy crosses fit the expected 3:1 ratio for the single locus at which the homozygous recessive genotype conditions glossy foliage. Segregations in F2 families from crosses of glossy 9885 × glossy OGL fit the 9:7 ratio, supporting two independently segregating loci, where the recessive genotype at either locus conditions the glossy phenotype. Amounts and types of epicuticular waxes on leaves of F2 progenies from crosses of OGL × waxy B8667 and glossy B9885 × OGL were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped and genetic maps were constructed. The visually glossy phenotype from OGL and its unique profile of epicuticular waxes were conditioned by one locus on chromosome 6, for which we propose the name glogl. Onion populations such as OGL with unique epicuticular wax profiles will be important germplasms for the development of onion cultivars that suffer less feeding damage from onion thrips compared with waxy onion.
Effect of Random Strength Parameters of Flange Steel on Bending Resistance and Deflections of Girders with Corrugated Web
Authors: BASIŃSKI Witold
Published: January 2021

The study presents results of statistical investigations into random strength parameters of steel used to manufacture flanges of plate girders with corrugated web. In the case of plate girders with corrugated webs, flanges are manufactured from flat sheet steel S235JRG2 or S355J2+N or S275. The guaranteed yield strength Remin
is determined on the basis of tests conducted on steel samples. It should be lower than yield strength of flat sheets obtained as the result of testing mechanical properties. This value at the same time should be regarded as the margin of resistance of girders. The material tests were performed on samples randomly collected from 20 girders with corrugated web and flange thickness of 15 and 20 mm, which had been already examined. Coefficients of variation of yield strength VRe
=D(Re
)/E(Re
) and partial factors of yield strength γm
were selected on the basis of the conducted analysis of material tests. The obtained results were related to factors γm
determined from the tests on thin flat sheets. The impact of yield strength and random cross-sectional area of flanges on bending resistance of girders with corrugated web was shown. Also the effect of the spread of the Young’s modulus values and semi-rigid connections on global displacements of tested plate girders with corrugated web was analyzed.
Recovery of Tantalum from Different Resources
Authors: GENEROWICZ Natalia , KULCZYCKA Joanna
Published: January 2021

Tantalum is a chemical element with important properties. It is used in industry and its numerous branches for instance in jewelry and watchmaking products. As a result, it is not uncommon for this metal to become an object of interest for a variety of buyers. After it has been bought back from the customers, tantalum can be recycled and, as a result, its full content can be retrieved. In economy, tantalum has become a ‘technology-critical element’ which is increasingly used in new technologies. This has led to a need to evaluate potential environmental impacts, which, in turn, requires knowledge of its concentration in the natural and industrial environment. This paper will present secondary sources of tantalum extraction and recycling, which makes it possible to limit the use of this raw material from natural sources, which are in increasing exhaustion. The analysis also includes the case study of the old Penouta mine, and processing of tailings from waste-rock heaps and ponds on these area. It is located in the innermost part of the Iberian Variscan Belt in Galicia in northwest Spain where two main formations crop out: the Viana do Bolo Series (high-grade metamorphic rocks) and the Ollo de Sapo Formation.
Counting D1-D5-P microstates in supergravity
Authors: Mayerson Daniel , Shigemori Masaki
Published: January 2021

We quantize the D1-D5-P microstate geometries known as superstrata
directly in supergravity. We use Rychkov's consistency condition
[hep-th/0512053] which was derived for the D1-D5 system; for
superstrata, this condition turns out to be strong enough to fix the
symplectic form uniquely. For the (1,0,n) superstrata, we further
confirm this quantization by a bona-fide explicit computation of the
symplectic form using the semi-classical covariant quantization method in
supergravity. We use the resulting quantizations to count the known
supergravity superstrata states, finding agreement with previous
countings that the number of these states grows parametrically smaller
than those of the corresponding black hole.
O desenvolvimento do ser pessoal em Edith Stein.
Authors: Nunes Etelvina
Published: January 2021

Este artigo apresenta a conceção de Stein sobre o desenvolvimento pessoal, que acontece a partir de um núcleo, um centro pessoal. Stein individua tal núcleo, já nos escritos fenomenológicos, como uma estrutura pessoal, sinónimo da individualidade própria, constituída por um eu anímico. A ideia do núcleo será desenvolvida numa fase posterior do seu pensamento, em que elabora uma ontologia em chave antropológica. O núcleo informa a alma e o corpo no decurso do processo. A individualidade não se dá pelo corpo (matéria), como defende Tomás de Aquino, mas pela ‘forma’, isto é, a partir do interior. O desenvolvimento compreende o todo da pessoa, tanto a interioridade como a exterioridade. No entanto, será na relação pessoal e única do ser humano com o ser divino, que o núcleo, entendido como a ‘essência da alma’, se abrirá plenamente e conhecerá aquela imagem ou ‘marca qualitativa’ específica que é a sua. O pleno desdobramento do núcleo estaria, portanto, na capacidade de amar a Deus e de amar o próximo.

 

Palavras-chave: Desenvolvimento pessoal, núcleo, individualidade, pessoa, alma
Editorial Franciscanum 175
Authors: Bonilla Morales Jaime Laurence
Published: January 2021

Editorial Franciscanum 175. Contiene algunas reflexiones sobre el proceso de autoevaluación corporativo, así como de la licenciatura en filosofía y la Licenciatura en teología. Se termina con la presentación de ocho artículos de filosofía y cinco de teología.
Las relaciones entre misioneros en la zona fronteriza del Vaupés colombo-brasileño (1914 – 1982)
Authors: Cabrera Becerra Gabriel
Published: January 2021

Este texto examina las relaciones entre misioneros católicos y de estos con los protestantes en la zona fronteriza del Vaupés colombo-brasileño. La presencia de católicos comenzó en la zona en 1914 y no es nada despreciable pues cerca de 450 religiosos entre sacerdotes y monjas llegaron a la región. Los protestantes pertenecientes a dos organizaciones de origen norteamericano (Misión Nuevas Tribus e Instituto Lingüístico de Verano) arribaron treinta años después y alcanzaron una cifra de 115 miembros. Sus relaciones como su impacto diferencial sobre las poblaciones misionadas son un tópico poco desarrollado en las historias de misión, que en este texto se ilustra a través de la consulta de fuentes primarias que detallan los vínculos o visiones de miembros de distintos credos sobre sus contrapartes. El estudio muestra como estas visiones cambiaron a lo largo del tiempo.
ANALISIS PENGETAHUAN CALON GURU KIMIA TENTANG PERALATAN LABORATORIUM DAN FUNGSINYA
Authors: Udaibah Wirda
Published: January 2021

Pembelajaran IPA berkaitan erat dengan cara mencari tahu (inkui- ri) tentang alam semesta secara sistematis, sehingga IPA bukan hanya penguasaan pengetahuan berupa fakta, konsep atau prinsip saja, tetapi merupakan suatu proses penemuan. Hal tersebut diperoleh melalui keg- iatan praktikum. Namun, pelaksanaannya di lapangan memiliki beberapa kelemahan antara lain rendahnya pengetahuan guru tentang peralatan kimia dan fungsinya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan calon guru kimia tidak dapat men- gidentifikasi peralatan  laboratorium  dan  mengetahui  fungsinya  secara tepat. Kesalahan mahasiswa dapat diidentifikasi menjadi 5 kategori. Per- tama, sebagian mahasiswa mengetahui nama dan fungsinya namun tidak mengetahui gambar alat (tidak mengetahui wujudnya). Kedua, mengeta- hui nama tetapi tidak mengetahui fungsi dan gambar alat. Ketiga, tidak dapat menyebutkan nama dengan benar tetapi mengetahui fungsi dan gambar alat. Keempat, mengetahui nama dan gambar tetapi tidak menge- tahui fungsinya. Dan yang kelima, tidak mengetahui nama, fungsi maupun gambar alat. Pengetahuan mahasiswa yang kurang dapat dipengaruhi oleh jumlah peralatan dan bahan masih belum mancukupi, keterbatasan waktu praktikum dan perlunya proses pendampingan dari dosen pengam- pu praktikum.
APLIKASI PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN SAINTIFIK METODE INQUIRY BASED LEARNING PADA KOMPETENSI DASAR MENERAPKAN HUKUM-HUKUM YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN FLUIDA STATIS DAN DINAMIS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS X SMK
Authors: Mahzum M
Published: January 2021

Tahun pelajaran 2013/2014 seluruh SMA dan SMK Negeri di Indo- nesia mulai mengimplementasi kurikulum 2013. Proses pembelajaran kurikulum 2013 pada  jenjang tersebut dilaksanakan dengan menerapkan pendekatan saintifik. Cakupan pendekatan saintifik ini meliputi tiga ranah yaitu pengembangan sikap, keterampilan, dan pengetahuan. Penerapan pendekaan saintifik dirangkai dengan   salah satu metode pembelajaran yaitu metode inquiry based learning atau problem based learning atau project based learning. Penilaian hasil belajar dengan pendekatan saintifik telah dipatok KKMnya sebesar  75 yang setara dengan 2,66 atau B-.Dari uraian tersebut penulis mencoba melakukan peneletian tinda- kan kelas untuk mengetahui kegiatan aplikasi pendekatan pembelajaran saintifik metode inquiry based learning pada kompetensi dasar menerap- kan hukum-hukum yang berhubungan dengan fluida statis dan dinamis, dan untuk mengetahui peningkatan   hasil belajar kompetensi dasar terse- but  pada siswa kelas X TKBT2 SMK Negeri 3 Semarang tahun pelajaran 2013/2014.Penelitian tindakan kelas ini menggunakan 2 siklus pada pokok bahasan  tekanan  hidrostatik,gaya Archimedes,hukum Pascal,tegangan permukaan,viskositas  dan  hukum  Stokes.  Siklus  pertama  diberlaku- kan pada pokok bahasan tekanan hidrostatik,gaya Archimedes,hukum Pascal. Siklus kedua diberlakukan pada pokok bahasan tegangan permukaan,viskositas dan hukum Stokes.Data  hasil belajar diambil melalui observasi dan tes. Data observasi untuk memperoleh nilai sikap dan nilai keterampilan, data tes untuk mem- peroleh nilai pemahaman. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis kuantitaif   dibantu program SPSS versi 17.0 dan dibantu dengan grafi. Pada siklus pertama rata-rata nilai ranah sikap 76,57   rata-rata nilai ranah ketarmpilan 76,67 dan rata-rata nilai ranah pemahman 75,60. Sedangkan pada siklus kedua rata-rata nilai ranah sikap 80,56 ,rata-rata nilai ranah keterampilan 81,86, dan rata-rata ranah pemahaman 80,54.Kesimpulan bahwa kegiatan yang dirancang dalam aplikasi pembe- lajaran dengan pendekatan saintifik metode inquiry based learning pada kompetensi dasar menerapkan hukum-hukum yang berhubungan dengan fluida statis dan dinamis sesuai dengan landasan teori, dan dapat mening- katkan hasil belajar siswa kelas X SMK.
MATHEMATICS TOOLS DEVELOPMENT BASED ON WEB WITH MOODLE APPLICATIONS IN BASED STATISTICS SUBJECT
Authors: S, febrian dewanto, bagus ardi s Rina Dwi
Published: January 2021

This research is the development of learning tools, which aims to: (1) describe the development of tools and produce mathematics learning application based on WEB with MOODLE Application On valid Based Statistics Subject. (2) To determine Effectiveley results the tools of learning. Moreover, the learning tools to be developed are the whole Syllabus, lesson plans, and text book learning. Those tools are developed by using the development model of 4D thiagdarajan Field trials conducted an web learning course on Education Statistics experiments Class, in this study were 36 students at class 3A, while the control class is 35 students of 3B class. Independent variables are motivation and activity, while the dependent variable is the learning achievement. Data taken with the deployment of questionnaires, observation and tests. Data processed with comparisons t test and regression.The results the influence of motivation and activity of learning achievement of 89.7% d) and the average of  learning achievement experimental class achieve exhaustiveness 74.25 e) Average learning achievement of  experimental class 74.25, better than average learning achievement for control class 64.57. Based on the research results obtained are valid learning tools and effective learning that show the development of learning tools goals achieved.
AL-QUR’AN DALAM PANDANGAN SYI’AH
Authors: HM. Attamimy HM
Published: January 2021

However Sunni-Shia dichotomy is still felt in most Indonesian Muslims. In fact, not infer¬quently, allegations that the Shiites are in the Islamic cult. However, the deve¬lopment of Shi'ites in the country growing, triggered by the Islamic Revo¬lution in Iran under Ayatollah Khumaini, has eroded little by little these base¬less accusations, so in some places, Muslims, whether Sunni sect embraced, or Shi'ites can live side by side in peace. Misunder-standing that occurred between the two mazhab were one by one can be explained so as can to re¬move the mutual distrust between the two. One described here is the accusation that the Shiites have their own Qur'an different from Muslims in general. This accusation was unfounded because the Qur'an is used in the schools of Shi'a is exactly the same as those used by other Muslims. That they have Muṣḥaf ‘Alī and Fāṭima, it's true but the second position Muṣḥaf was nothing more than commentaries on the Qur'an is not the same as al-Quran. Kata Kunci: Syi’ah, al-Qur’ān, kesalahpahaman, Muṣḥaf ‘Alī, revolusi iran.
TEOLOGI KEMANUSIAAN STUDI ATAS PEMIKIRAN ALI SYARIATI
Authors: Ramadhan M
Published: January 2021

Abstak:Kontribusi Ali Syari’ati dalam melakukan revolusi intelektual dikalangan kaum terpelajar Iran, menjelang revolusi fisik 1979, diakui sangat besar pengaruhnya dimana bibit-bibit untuk melakukan revolusi memang sudah ia tanamkan jauh sebelumnya. Adapun ciri khas tulisan-tulisan dan ceramah-ceramah Syaria’ti adalah ”menggerakkan”. Ia memang seorang cendekiawan sekaligus ulama Islam yang tidak suka melihat status quo, kemandekan dan kejumudan. Salah satu tema sentral gagasan Syari’ati adalah keberpihakannya yang begitu besar kepada kaum yang lemah dan tertindas, sekaligus upayanya yang begitu keras untuk mengeluarkan kaum tersebut dari ketertindasan dan kebodohan, sebagaimana yang akan dibahas dalam artikel ini. Kata kunci: teologi, kemanusiaan, rausanfikr, kaum tertindas, pergerakan.
ETIKA PEMERINTAHAN: KONTRIBUSI TAFSĪR FĪ ẒILĀL AL-QUR’ĀN KARYA SAYYID QUṬB
Authors: Shomad Bukhori Abdul
Published: January 2021

Asbtrak: Fungsi etika pemerintahan adalah untuk me-wu¬judkan good governance and clean government dalam organisasi pemerintahan. Hal ini meru¬pa¬kan tuntutan bagi terselenggaranya mana¬je¬men pemerintahan dan pembangunaan yang berdaya guna, berhasilguna dan bebas korupsi, kolusi, maupun nepotisme. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut, diperlukan sistem akuntabilitas, tran¬sparansi, keterbukaan dan aturan hukum yang baik sesuai dengan penerapan/tuntutan ke-bu¬tuhan pada seluruh jajaran aparat negara yang di¬bimbing oleh norma, nilai-nilai dan etika agama. Di sinilah, kontribusi penting dari pemikiran Sayyid Quṭb. Kata Kunci: etika, keadilan, sistem politik, syūrā.
REPRODUKSI GENDER MELALUI TRANSMISI TEKS AGAMA
Authors: Elizabeth Misbah Zulfa
Published: January 2021

The sustainability and cultural change, including gender, was associated with the delivery of value between generations. The existence of well-established interpretation of the text, which does not allow a new interpretation of the text, which is delivered to religious community make gender values remained relatively unchanged, even continuously reproduced. In this case, the transmitter of religious value, the preachers, seen in the Muslim community as the respectable and credible persons. Therefore, the doctrine they convey tend to be trusted and obeyed, without any possibility of other interpretations. The delivery model of one-direction model of messages delivery with lack of dialogue and participation of the audiences, no chance to new interpretations are another causes that led the concept of gender relatively unchanged
JIHAD DALAM LITERATUR PESANTREN SALAF
Authors: IBRAHIM RUSTAM
Published: January 2021

Artikel ini menyoroti peran pesantren dalam memahami jihad, yang lebih diprioritaskan pada dunia pendidikan, karena pendidikan diang­gap lebih efektif dan menjanjikan dalam mem­per­siapkan generasi masa depan dalam menye­bar­kan agama Islam. Terbukti, sejak zaman penjajahan sampai sekarang, kiprah pesantren sangat besar dalam sejarah pen­didikan di Indonesia. Banyak alumni-alumni pesantren yang telah berhasil menyebarluaskan ajaran Islam melalui pendidikan, disamping juga berhasil mempertahankan eksistensi akidah Islam dari rongrongan para penjajah.
TRADISI PENULISAN DALAM PROSES TRANSFORMASI HADIS
Authors: 'Umar Mustofa
Published: January 2021

Abstract: The Orientation of present paper to be researching and discussing on hadith transformation through writing tradition. In the early of this process, dominant paradigm in classical hadith scholars in hadith transformation based on oral tradition without writing tradition until second half century. This not without strong argument, there is hadith statement on prohibiting of hadith writing. This phenomena has impact on authenticity the materials of hadith after their codification. In historically context, writing of hadith happened in middle of conflict moslem in political and school of thought. The alleged wholesale fabrication of hadith in seen as result of the activities of group of scholars and foremost as result of interpretation from point of view of praxis. Abstrak: Orientasi dari paper sekarang ini untuk meneliti dan mendiskusikan tentang transformasi hadis sepanjang tradisi penulisan. Dalam proses awal dari proses ini, paradigma yang dominan di kalangan ulama hadis dalam transformasi hadis berdasarkan pada tradisi lisan tanpa tradisi tulis hingga paroh abad kedua. Ini bukanlah tanpa argumen yang kuat, ada pernyataan hadis mengenai larangan penulisan hadis. Fenomena berpengaruh pada otensitas material-material hadis setelah kodifikasi mereka. Dalam konteks sejarah, penulisan hadis terjadi di tengah konflik kaum Muslim di bidang politik dan mazhab pemikiran. Terjadi pemalsuan hadis besar-besaran yang dilihat sebagai hasil dari aktivitas-aktivitas kelompok ulama dan terkemuka sebagai hasil dari interpretasi berdasarkan sudut pandang praksis. Kata-kata Kunci: hadis, sunnah, al-Quran, Kutubi, ahl al-ra’y, ahl al-ḥadīṡ.
AḤWᾹL AL-QULŪB DALAM KITAB MINHᾹJ AL-ATQIYᾹ’ KARYA KIAI SALEH DARAT
Authors: In’amuzzahidin Moh
Published: January 2021

Abstract: This article aims to elaborate the book of Kiai Saleh Darat’s Minhāj al-Atqiyā, a book of mysticism that is still used intraditional Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) in Java. The focus of the study is aḥwāl al-qulūb (conditions of heart spiritual), which is part of 'ilm al-mu'āmalah, the second science after the' ilmal-mukāsyafah, a device used for the science to the after life. Aḥwāl al-qulūb can be devided two dimension: commendable and despicable. The commend able is like patience, gratitude, fear, hope, willing, asceticism, piety, qanā'ah, sakhā' (generous), Husnal-zan, Husnal-khulūq, Husnal-mu'āsyarah, sidq, and Ikhlas. Mean while, the despicable is as scared indigent, hate destiny, jealousy, envy, looking sublime, happy and eternal praise in the world, arrogant, riya, covetous, griping, and others. By knowing which ahwalal-Qulub which are commendable and despicable, will facilitate the followers of Sufismactors (Salik) to go to the presence of God. In addition, this paper also will discover what it is contribution and relevance of Kiai Saleh Darat’s thought in modern era. Abstrak: Artikel ini bertujuan mengelaborasi kitab Minhāj al-Atqiyā’ Kai Saleh Darat, sebuah kitab tasawuf yang masih digunakan di pesantren-pesantren tradisional di Jawa.Fokus kajian adalah aḥwāl al-qulūb (kondisi spiritual hati) yang merupakan bagian dari ‘ilm al-mu‘āmalah, ilmu kedua setelah ‘ilm al-mukāsyafah, sebuah piranti ilmu yang digunakan untuk menuju akhirat. Aḥwāl al-qulūb itu sendiri ada yang terpuji dan ada yang tercela. Adapun yang terpuji adalah seperti ṣabar, syukūr, khauf, rajā’, riḍā, zuhūd, taqwā, qanā‘ah, sakhā’ (dermawan), ḥusn al-ẓan, ḥusn al-khulūq, ḥusn al-mu‘āsyarah, ṣidq, dan ikhlāṣ. Sedangkan aḥwāl al-qulūb yang tercela adalah seperti takut fakir, benci takdir, dengki, iri, mencari keluhuran, senang pujian dan kekal di dunia, takabur, riya, tamak, bakhil, dan lain-lain. Dengan mengetahui aḥwāl al-qulūb mana yang terpuji dan mana yang tercela, akan memudahkan pelaku pengamal tasawuf (sālik) sampai menuju ke hadirat Allah. Di samping itu, tulisan ini juga akan mengungkapkan seberapa jauh kontribusi dan relevansi pemikiran Kiai Saleh Darat tersebut di era modern saat ini. Keywords: Qanā‘ah, Zuhud, Tawakkal, Ikhlas, Sabar, Sakhā’, Ḥusn al-Khulq, ḥubb al-dunyā, riyā’, ‘ujūb, ḥasad.
KONSEP KEBAHAGIAAN DALAM PANDANGAN PSIKOLOGI SUFISTIK
Authors: Rofi’udin Rofi’udin
Published: January 2021

Abstract: This article aims to enalyze the concept of happiness which on the market by psychology of sophistic and any kind of differentiating it from contemporary psychology. The characteristic of concept of happiness in the sufistic psychology is ethic transcendental. The happiness is mean as giving of God and not results of human effort. In spite of that, the human must endeavour in order that God disposed to give the giving of happiness. Its implementation and implication, the happiness in psychology of sophistic is obtained from comprehension that pleasure, wealth, and achievement of life are goal, but only medium to reach spiritual happiness. With method of takhallī, taḥallī, tajallī, mujāhadah, riyāḍah, etc., the sufistic psychology offers real happiness. Abstrak:Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konsep kebahagiaan yang ditawarkan oleh psikologi sufistik dan apa saja yang membedakannya dari psikologi kontemporer. Konsep kebahagiaan dalam psikologi sufistik bersifat etis transendental. Kebahagiaan dimaknai sebagai anugerah Allah dan bukan berasal dari hasil usaha manusia. Meski demikian, manusia dituntut berusaha agar Allah berkenan memberi anugerah kebahagiaan itu dengan cara mengikuti tuntunan-Nya. Dalam implementasi dan implikasinya, kebahagiaan dalam psikologi sufistik didapatkan dari pemahaman bahwa bahwa kesenangan, kekayaan, dan pencapaian hidup lainnya bukanlah tujuan, tetapi sekadar sarana dalam meraih kebahagiaan spiritual. Dengan metode takhallī, taḥallī, tajallī,mujāhadah, riyāḍah, dan sebagainya, psikologi sufistik menawarkan kebahagiaan yang hakiki dalam ma’rifah dan riḍa Allah. Keywords: kebahagiaan, psikologi kontemporer, psiko¬logi sufistik, kebahagiaan statistik vs sufistik
MONOTHEISME RADIKAL: Telaah atas Pemikiran Nurcholish Madjid
Authors: Hakim Didik Luthfi
Published: January 2021

Abstract: Nurcholish Madjid is a Muslim intellectual of Indonesia who has given contribution toward Islamic thinking in Indonesia. Although his thoughts of Islam to be critiqued from other intellectual, he stayed to give enlightenment to Indonesia Muslim society. One of his thought is important about radical monotheism. By it, he offered to Islam umma to adhere pure monotheism in God in order to they will free from tyranny which come from the same human and place man in the same line as it is God Willing. By his concept, the tauḥīd produces social dimensions like equality, freedom, cooperation, and discussion. Abstrak: Nurcholish madjid adalah seorang cendekiawan Muslim Indonesia yang semasa hidup¬nya, telah banyak memberikan sumbangan pemikiran tentang Islam di Indonesia. Walaupun pemikiran-pemikirannya tentang Islam banyak mendapat kritikan dari para cendekiawan yang tidak seide dengan¬nya, ia tetap saja berupaya me-lakukan pen¬cerahan terhadap masyarakat Muslim Indonesia. Salah satu pemikirannya yang sangat menonjol adalah tentang monotheisme radikal. Dia menawarkan agar umat Islam bertauhid yang semurni-murninya kepada Tuhan, sehingga ia terbebas dari berbagai macam tirani yang datang dari sesama manusia dan mem¬posisikan manusia harkat dan martabat yang sama sebagaimana yang dikehendaki Tuhan. Dengan konsep¬nya ini, tauhid menghasilkan dimensi-dimensi sosial seperti persamaan, kebebasan, saling bekerja sama, dan bermusyawarah. Keywords: tauhid, monotheisme radikal, kebebasan, persamaan.
PERGUMULAN KEBERAGAMAAN DI DUNIA BARAT
Authors: Baharudin M
Published: January 2021

Abstract: This paper aims to find the answer to a fundamental question: what is religion? How is the phenomenon of religionin the western world? And how religious the Western world in this contemporary Era? In the discussion note several things, among others: 1). Religionisa systemof beliefs and practicesof life according to these beliefs. Religionis the rules on how to live a physically and mentally. Religionisa reference of life in its various aspects, including aspects of common life or social life. 2). In medieval times, religionis seenas having an absolute and universal truth concretely been visualizedin the Western world. 3). In the post modernera of modernity and religion is criticize dan dindistortion, the era of religion merely a matter of discussion and separated with practical life, religionis also considered to hinder the progression of man. Abstrak: Tulisan ini bertujuan menemukan jawaban mendasar atas pertanyaan: apa itu agama? Bagaimana fenomena agama di dunia Barat? Dan bagaimana keberagamaan dunia Barat pada Era kontemporel ini? Dalam pembahasan diketahui beberapa hal antara lain: 1). Agama ialah sistem kepercayaan dan praktek hidup yang sesuai dengan kepercayaan tersebut. Agama ialah peraturan tentang cara hidup lahir batin. Agama adalah acuan hidup berbagai aspeknya, termasuk aspek kehidupan bersama atau kehidupan sosial. 2). Pada abad pertengahan, agama dipandang sebagai yang memiliki kebenaran mutlak dan universal yang secara kongkrit pernah divisualisasikan di dunia Barat. 3). Pada era modernitas dan post¬modern agama dikritik dan di distorsi, pada zaman tersebut agama sekedar menjadi bahan diskusi dan dipisahkan dengan kehidupan praktis, agama juga dianggap menghalangi progresivitas manusia. Keywords: Pergumulan, Keberagamaan, Dunia Barat
PEMIKIRAN ANNEMARIE SCHIMMEL TENTANG SIFAT FEMININ DALAM TASAWUF
Authors: Purwanto Ahmad
Published: January 2021

Abstract: The article explores the ideas of Annemarie Schimmel relating to aspects of feminism in Sufism. According to Schimmel, that Sufism, or mystical Islam is the awareness of a single reality and love of the Absolute, because the forces that separate the true mystic by asceticism is love. Even true love can make enjoyment of all that painful. Mystical considered a mysterious thing that can not be achieved by ordinary means or by intellectual effort. While the literature and difficult spiritual life depicted as blind men touching an elephant, in pengambaraannya will say according to the elephant body parts are touched. While the nature of feminine in Sufism has been revealed as to uncover the elements of womanhood is in Sufism itself, like having love, affection, obedient, patient, prejudiced either (ḥusnu ẓan), and willing to sacrifice. From here it turns keperempuan nature not only possessed by women alone, but is owned by the Sufis men. Abstrak: Artikel ini akan mengeksplorasi pemikiran Annemarie Schimmel yang berkaitan dengan aspek feminisme (keperempuan) dalam tasawuf. Dalam pandangan Schimmel, bahwa tasawuf atau mistik Islam merupakan kesadaran terhadap kenyataan tunggal dan cinta Yang Mutlak, sebab kekuatan yang memisahkan antara mistik sejati dengan hanya sekedar tapa brata (asceticism) adalah cinta. Bahkan cinta sejati dapat menjadikan kenikmatan terhadap segala yang menyakitkan. Mistik dianggap sebagai hal yang misterius yang tidak dapat dicapai dengan cara-cara biasa atau dengan usaha intelektual. Sedangkan literature dan kehidupan rohaninya sulit digambarkan sebagaimana orang buta yang menyentuh gajah, dalam pengambaraannya akan mengatakan sesuai dengan bagian tubuh gajah yang disentuhnya. Sedangkan sifat keperempuan (feminin) dalam tasawuf telah terungkap sebagaimana mengungkap unsur-unsur kewanitaan yang ada dalam tasawuf itu sendiri, seperti memiliki cinta, kasih sayang, taat, sabar, berprasangka baik (ḥusnu ẓan), dan rela berkorban. Dari sini ternyata sifat keperempuan tidak hanya dimiliki oleh perempuan saja, tetapi dimiliki oleh para sufi laki-laki. Keywords: feminism, tasawuf, asketicisme, Jalāl, dan Jamāl.
STRATEGI REGULASI EMOSI DAN PERILAKU KOPING RELIGIUS NARAPIDANA WANITA DALAM MASA PEMBINAAN Studi Kasus: Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Wanita Klas II A Bulu Semarang
Authors: Anggraini Erlina
Published: January 2021

Abstract: This article aims to elaborate emotion regulation strategies and religious coping of inmates in Clas II A women’s prison of Bulu Semarang. Staying at detention center or prison definitely makes someone stress and automatically influences to their social life, health-physics, and psychic. Moreover for new inmates (unrecidivist), the effect can be worse. The new athmosphere of the jail can make them feel meaningless, useless, bore, and give up. It means they get both of physics and psychology punishment. Therefore the inmates should be able to control their emotion and be adaptive in their ‘new live’. This ability is called emotion regulation. Surely, the good ability will help them to face many kinds of stressors in their life. This study describes emotion regulation strategies and religious coping of women inmates. because as known in most of the society, the women are more sensitive than the men. The method of this research is qualitative. The Informants of this study are inmates of Clas II A women’s prison of Bulu Semarang which taken by random system. The researcher finds that the inmates will be easier to face stressors if they have good-emotion regulation. such as having positive thinking and controlling their attitude and feeling. But if they con not regulate their emotion well, they will be easy to feel anxiety, depression and distress. They are also will be more more aggresive. Abstrak: Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengelaborai strategi regulasi emosi dan koping religius narapidana wanita dalam masa pembinaan. Hidup dalam rutan, penjara atau lembaga pemasyarakatan (Lapas) pasti menimbulkan berbagai tekanan yang akan berdampak pada kehidupan sosial, keadaan fisik dan juga psikis narapidana, apalagi bagi narapidana baru (bukan residivis). Dampak fisik dan psikologis yang dialami oleh narapidana dapat membuat mereka merasa tidak bermakna (meaningless) yang ditandai dengan perasaan hampa, gersang, bosan, dan putus asa. Konflik batin seperti perasaan sedih, menyesal, khawatir, tertekan, merasa terbatasi, rindu keluarga, jenuh dan perasaan tidak mengenakkan lainnya muncul dalam diri mereka. Ini artinya bagi sebagian besar narapidana, penjara bukan saja hukuman fisik (serba terbatas) melainkan juga hukuman psikologis. Untuk itu narapidana harus memiliki kemampuan untuk bisa mengontrol emosi mereka agar tetap efektif dan adaptif dalam tekanan, kemampuan ini disebut regulasi emosi. Kemampuan regulasi emosi yang baik tentu akan sangat membantu narapidana dalam menghadapi masa-masa yang sulit dan penuh tekanan dalam masa pembinaan. Keywords: coping religious, narapidana, stressor, hukuman psikologis, hukuman fisik.
Approximate factorization of positive matrices by using methods of tropical optimization
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Krivulin Nikolai K. , Romanova Elizaveta Yu. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: January 2021

The problem of rank-one factorization of positive matrices with missing (unspecified) entries is considered where a matrix is approximated by a product of column and row vectors that are subject to box constraints. The problem is reduced to the constrained approximation of the matrix, using the Chebyshev metric in logarithmic scale, by a matrix of unit rank. Furthermore, the approximation problem is formulated in terms of tropical mathematics that deals with the theory and applications of algebraic systems with idempotent addition. By using methods of tropical optimization, direct analytical solutions to the problem are derived for the case of an arbitrary positive matrix and for the case when the matrix does not contain columns (rows) with all entries missing. The results obtained allow one to find the vectors of the factor decomposition by using expressions in a parametric form which is ready for further analysis and immediate calculation. In conclusion, an example of approximate rank-one factorization of a matrix with missing entries is provided.
The study of nonlinear deformation of a plane with an elliptical inclusion for harmonic materials
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Malkov Venyamin M. , Malkova Yulia V. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: January 2021

Analytical methods are used to study nonlinear deformation of a plane with an elliptical inclusion. The elastic properties of a material of the plane and inclusion are described with a semi-linear material. The external load is constant nominal (Piola) stresses at infinity. At the inclusion boundary, the conditions of the continuity for stresses and displacements are satisfied. Semi-linear material belongs to the class of harmonic, the methods of the theory of functions of a complex variable are applicable to solving nonlinear plane problems. Stresses and displacements are expressed in terms of two analytical functions of a complex variable, determined by the boundary conditions on the inclusion contour. It is assumed that the stress state of an inclusion is uniform (the tensor of nominal stresses is constant). This hypothesis made it possible to reduce the difficult nonlinear problem of conjugation of two elastic bodies to the solution of two more simpler problems for a plane with an elliptical hole. The validity of this hypothesis is justified by the fact that the constructed solution exactly satisfies all the equations and boundary conditions of the problem. The same hypothesis was used earlier by other authors to solve linear and nonlinear problems of an elliptical inclusion. In the article, a comparative analysis of the stresses and strains is carried out for two models of harmonic materials — semi-linear and John’s. Various variants of values of elasticity parameters of the inclusion and matrix have been considered.
Countable stability of a weak solution of a parabolic differential-difference system with distributed parameters on the graph
Authors:   Voronezh State University, Provotorov Vyacheslav V. , Sergeev Sergey M. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Hoang Van Nguyen ,   Voronezh State University
Published: January 2021

The article proposes an analog of E. Rothe’s method (semi-discretization with respect to the time variable) for construction convergent different schemes when analyzing the countable stability of a weak solution of an initial boundary value problem of the parabolic type with distributed parameters on a graph in the class of summable functions. The proposed method leads to the study of the input initial boundary value problem to analyze the boundary value problem in a weak setting for elliptical type equations with distributed parameters on the graph. By virtue of the specifics of this method, the stability of a weak solution is understood in terms of the spectral criterion of stability (Neumann’s countable stability), which establishes the stability of the solution with respect to each harmonic of the generalized Fourier series of a weak solution or a segment of this series. Thus, there is another possibility indicated, in addition to the Faedo—Galerkin method, for constructing approaches to the desired solution of the initial boundary value problem, to analyze its stability and the way to prove the theorem of the existence of a weak solution to the input problem. The approach is applied to finding sufficient conditions for the countable stability of weak solutions to other initial boundary value problems with more general boundary conditions — in which elliptical equations are considered with the boundary conditions of the second or third type. Further analysis is possible to find the conditions under which Lyapunov stability is established. The approach can be used to analyze the optimal control problems, as well as the problems of stabilization and stability of differential systems with delay. Presented method of finite difference opens new ways for approximating the states of a parabolic system, analyzing their stability in the numerical implementation and algorithmization of optimal control problems.