bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Malignant Glial Neuronal Tumors After West Nile Virus Neuroinvasive Disease: A Coincidence or a Clue?
Authors: Sharma Akanksha , Grill Marie F. , Spritzer Scott , Leis A. Arturo , Anderson Mark , Vig Parminder , Porter Alyx B.
Published: December 2018

Following acute West Nile virus (WNV) infection in humans, there is upregulation of pro-inflammatory molecules that promote neuroinflammation, including S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B), high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), and osteopontin (OPN). The effects of S100B and HMGB1 are transduced by the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Interestingly, the same immunoregulatory proteins that fuel neuroinflammation can also promote tumorigenesis. We present 2 cases of glial neuronal tumors, a glioblastoma multiforme and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor, in patients with severe West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND). In these cases, the viral infection was a precursor to the development of the aggressive brain tumors. We describe a potential mechanism where the presence of tumorigenic proteins in the microenvironment induced by WNV, and subsequent RAGE and OPN signaling, may contribute to development or aggressive growth of these tumors. Although it is certainly possible that the occurrence of primary brain tumors following WNND is coincidental, the ability of WNV to alter cellular signaling and increase expression of pro-inflammatory and tumorigenic molecules merits further investigations to determine whether there is an association between these disease processes or implications for brain tumor patients who develop WNV infection.
Jump Across the Gap! A New Type of Colour Spreading Illusion
Authors: Hasegawa Kunihiro , Takahashi Shin'ya
Published: December 2018

The present article reports a new illusory colour phenomenon. There have been previous reports of illusory colours that spread to an area in contact with a coloured object (e.g., neon-like spreading). However, according to our informal observations as well as the experiments reported here, illusory colour spreads even if the coloured and noncoloured areas are separated by a gap. The contour-based perception account as well as the interaction of some components of surround suppression in the visual cortex were discussed as possibilities to account for the present illusion. The effect reported in the present study may provide suggestions for further understanding of colour perception.
Hot melt adhesives prepared by grafting of acrylic and crotonic acids onto metallocene ethylene–octene copolymers
Authors: Pavlinec Juraj , Novák Igor , Rychlý Jozef , Kleinová Angela , Nógellová Zuzana , Preťo Jozef , Vanko Vladimír , Žigo Ondrej , Chodák Ivan
Published: December 2018

Commercial metallocene ethylene–octene random copolymer, Resinex PE RXP 1502 (RXP), was grafted with acrylic or crotonic acid in the solution and in the melt to increase the RXP’s polarity and adhesion to cellulose-based substrates. Acrylic or crotonic acids were grafted on the RXP macromolecules which were activated with an oxygen–ozone mixture. The formed graft copolymer was tested as additive to a hot melt adhesive (HMA) improving adhesive properties. The most effective procedure was to graft RXP with acrylic acid in the melt, while grafting activated RXP in a toluene solution was less efficient. The melt grafting efficiency is high and varies between 0.77 and 0.97. The RXP polarity after grafting increases significantly, as there is a 15% decrease in the water contact angle and an increase in the surface energy and its polar component by 1.1–1.7 times as compared to the virgin RXP. The heat-fail temperature resistance in peel of RXP grafted with acrylic and/or crotonic acid increased by more than 10°C, while the heat-fail temperatures of adhesive joints in shear tests were similar. The adhesive joint peel strength increased 1.2 times. The cardboard–HMAs based on virgin RXP adhesive joint peel tests exhibit adhesive failure, whereas the cardboard–HMAs containing grafted RXP joints show cohesive failure.
Single-cell RNA-Seq of follicular lymphoma reveals malignant B-cell types and coexpression of T-cell immune checkpoints
Authors: Andor Noemi , Simonds Erin F. , Czerwinski Debra K. , Chen Jiamin , Grimes Susan M. , Wood-Bouwens Christina , Zheng Grace X. Y. , Kubit Matthew A. , Greer Stephanie , Weiss William A. , Levy Ronald , Ji Hanlee P.
Published: December 2018

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a low-grade B-cell malignancy that transforms into a highly aggressive and lethal disease at a rate of 2% per year. Perfect isolation of the malignant B-cell population from a surgical biopsy is a significant challenge, masking important FL biology, such as immune checkpoint coexpression patterns. To resolve the underlying transcriptional networks of follicular B-cell lymphomas, we analyzed the transcriptomes of 34 188 cells derived from 6 primary FL tumors. For each tumor, we identified normal immune subpopulations and malignant B cells, based on gene expression. We used multicolor flow cytometry analysis of the same tumors to confirm our assignments of cellular lineages and validate our predictions of expressed proteins. Comparison of gene expression between matched malignant and normal B cells from the same patient revealed tumor-specific features. Malignant B cells exhibited restricted immunoglobulin (Ig) light chain expression (either Igκ or Igλ), as well the expected upregulation of the BCL2 gene, but also downregulation of the FCER2, CD52, and major histocompatibility complex class II genes. By analyzing thousands of individual cells per patient tumor, we identified the mosaic of malignant B-cell subclones that coexist within a FL and examined the characteristics of tumor-infiltrating T cells. We identified genes coexpressed with immune checkpoint molecules, such as CEBPA and B2M in regulatory T (Treg) cells, providing a better understanding of the gene networks involved in immune regulation. In summary, parallel measurement of single-cell expression in thousands of tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes can be used to obtain a systems-level view of the tumor microenvironment and identify new avenues for therapeutic development.
Colored and linear inversions to relative acoustic impedance
Authors: Assis Carlos A. M. , Santos Henrique B. , Schleicher Jörg
Published: December 2018

Acoustic impedance (AI) is a widely used seismic attribute in stratigraphic interpretation. Because of the frequency-band-limited nature of seismic data, seismic amplitude inversion cannot determine AI itself, but it can only provide an estimate of its variations, the relative AI (RAI). We have revisited and compared two alternative methods to transform stacked seismic data into RAI. One is colored inversion (CI), which requires well-log information, and the other is linear inversion (LI), which requires knowledge of the seismic source wavelet. We start by formulating the two approaches in a theoretically comparable manner. This allows us to conclude that both procedures are theoretically equivalent. We proceed to check whether the use of the CI results as the initial solution for LI can improve the RAI estimation. In our experiments, combining CI and LI cannot provide superior RAI results to those produced by each approach applied individually. Then, we analyze the LI performance with two distinct solvers for the associated linear system. Moreover, we investigate the sensitivity of both methods regarding the frequency content present in synthetic data. The numerical tests using the Marmousi2 model demonstrate that the CI and LI techniques can provide an RAI estimate of similar accuracy. A field-data example confirms the analysis using synthetic-data experiments. Our investigations confirm the theoretical and practical similarities of CI and LI regardless of the numerical strategy used in LI. An important result of our tests is that an increase in the low-frequency gap in the data leads to slightly deteriorated CI quality. In this case, LI required more iterations for the conjugate-gradient least-squares solver, but the final results were not much affected. Both methodologies provided interesting RAI profiles compared with well-log data, at low computational cost and with a simple parameterization.
Psychiatry past and present: do we need history?
Authors: Hilton Claire
Published: December 2018

Historical evidence can be useful to inform debate about current dilemmas in health service policy. However, concepts of historical analysis may be problematic for doctors, for whom a model of ‘history’ is often based on clinical history-taking: a clinical history aims to explain the present, whereas a historical analysis aims to elucidate the past. This article discusses and illustrates these concepts, and highlights potential pitfalls of poor historical methodology. It also provides pointers about researching the history of psychiatry in the UK and how to contribute historical evidence to health service policy debates today.

Declaration of interest

None.
Suppression of Prolactin Secretion Partially Explains the Antidiabetic Effect of Bromocriptine in ob/ob Mice
Authors: Furigo Isadora C , Suzuki Miriam F , Oliveira João E , Ramos-Lobo Angela M , Teixeira Pryscila D S , Pedroso João A , de Alencar Amanda , Zampieri Thais T , Buonfiglio Daniella C , Quaresma Paula G F , Prada Patricia O , Bartolini Paolo , Soares Carlos R J , Donato Jose
Published: December 2018

Previous studies have shown that bromocriptine mesylate (Bromo) lowers blood glucose levels in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus; however, the mechanism of action of the antidiabetic effects of Bromo is unclear. As a dopamine receptor agonist, Bromo can alter brain dopamine activity affecting glucose control, but it also suppresses prolactin (Prl) secretion, and Prl levels modulate glucose homeostasis. Thus, the objective of the current study was to investigate whether Bromo improves insulin sensitivity via inhibition of Prl secretion. Male and female ob/ob animals (a mouse model of obesity and insulin resistance) were treated with Bromo and/or Prl. Bromo-treated ob/ob mice exhibited lower serum Prl concentration, improved glucose and insulin tolerance, and increased insulin sensitivity in the liver and skeletal muscle compared with vehicle-treated mice. Prl replacement in Bromo-treated mice normalized serum Prl concentration without inducing hyperprolactinemia. Importantly, Prl replacement partially reversed the improvements in glucose homeostasis caused by Bromo treatment. The effects of the Prl receptor antagonist G129R-hPrl on glucose homeostasis were also investigated. We found that central G129R-hPrl infusion increased insulin tolerance of male ob/ob mice. In summary, our findings indicate that part of Bromo effects on glucose homeostasis are associated with decrease in serum Prl levels. Because G129R-hPrl treatment also improved the insulin sensitivity of ob/ob mice, pharmacological compounds that inhibit Prl signaling may represent a promising therapeutic approach to control blood glucose levels in individuals with insulin resistance.
The Utility of Functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy for Measuring Cortical Activity during Cycling Exercise
Authors: TEMPEST GAVIN D. , REISS ALLAN L.
Published: December 2018

Purpose

Real-time measurement of dynamic brain activity during exercise can help advance our understanding of the role of exercise upon brain health and function. In exercise science, functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has primarily been used to measure the effects of exercise intensity on hemodynamic responses in the cerebral cortex. However, the utility of fNIRS to measure discreet hemodynamic responses underlying brain activation associated with motor and cognitive function during exercise has not been systematically examined. Here, we compared brain activation associated with a motor and cognitive task at rest and during cycling exercise at different intensities.

Methods

In separate sessions, 13 participants performed cycling exercise on an indoor trainer at a low, moderate and high intensity. We measured changes in oxygenated (HbO) and deoxygenated (HbR) hemoglobin from prefrontal, parietal, and motor regions of the cerebral cortex during a handgrip and working-memory task.

Results

Our findings show significant brain activation (a concurrent increase in HbO and decrease in HbR) in contralateral motor cortex during the handgrip task and left prefrontal cortex during the working-memory task at rest and during exercise at low, moderate and high (motor task HbO only) intensities (P < 0.05). Moreover, brain activation during the handgrip and working-memory tasks was not significantly different at rest and during exercise (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

This study shows that fNIRS can robustly measure motor and cognitive task-evoked changes in brain activation during cycling exercise comparable to rest. An implication of these new findings is that fNIRS can be used to determine real-time changes in brain function during exercise in healthy and clinical populations.
The Dating and Attribution of Alphonsus, Emperor of Germany
Authors: Blamires Adrian
Published: December 2018

Alphonsus, Emperor of Germany is usually considered to be an Elizabethan revenge tragedy, with 1594 often suggested as a likely date of composition; some scholars have attributed the play to George Peele. Martin Wiggins has, however, recently contested the traditional date in British Drama 1533-1642: A Catalogue, giving 1630 as his own ‘best guess'. This note questions the premises behind Wiggins’s decision while putting forward new arguments in support of the traditional dating on dramaturgical grounds — arguments that perhaps lend weight to the idea that Peele had a hand in the play.
Ovidian Retro-Metamorphosis on the Elizabethan Stage
Authors: Reid Lindsay Ann
Published: December 2018

Although Ovid dedicated his Metamorphoses to the subject of change, the vast majority of the corporeal alterations catalogued in this ancient Roman poem are singular, permanent transformations. In contrast, dramatists writing for the Elizabethan stage tended to represent fantastical, neo-Ovidian metamorphoses as temporary and reversible. With particular reference to the plays of John Lyly — and especially Love’s Metamorphosis — this article exposes conceptual and generic deviations between the static post-metamorphic norm found in Ovid’s Latin poetry and Elizabethan England’s theatrical depictions of bodily retro-metamorphoses.
Who Performed at Newington Butts in May 1586?
Authors: Johnson Laurie
Published: December 2018

While recent studies offer new information about companies that used the Playhouse at Newington Butts from 1575 to 1594, mystery remains about the identity of the company that performed there in contravention of a restraint in May 1586. Using evidence related to the movements of companies active in 1586, particularly from the Records of Early English Drama (reed), this article offers an answer based on a process of elimination. After ruling out other options, the article explains why a fragment of Leicester’s Men likely performed at Newington for a short time before joining the earl on his diplomatic campaign in Europe.
Introduction: Histories and Contexts in The Witch of Edmonton
Authors: Dean David
Published: December 2018

This Issues in Review invites us to think afresh about worlds turned inside out and upside down during the transformative decades of the first half of the seventeenth century. The contributions situate The Witch of Edmonton by focusing on marriage, women, and property; on swearing and the reformation of manners; on witchcraft, gender, and social relations; and on the role of emotions in shaping the play’s meaning. Taking the play's argument as the starting point, the introduction identifies a number of themes that bring the three plots – Frank’s bigamous marriage and his murder of Susan, Elizabeth Sawyer’s turn to witchcraft, and Cuddy’s flirtation with the supernatural – into conversation with one another. Locating its historical, spatial, and temporal contexts shows how the playwrights addressed contemporary concerns about the rapidly changing and much discussed world around them
Emotions in The Witch of Edmonton
Authors: Prince Kathryn
Published: December 2018

In The Witch of Edmonton, a diabolical dog escapes from the supernatural subplot to unleash mischief, madness, and murder in rural Middlesex. While the play’s emotional sophistication is easy to overlook because of the preposterousness of a costumed actor taking the stage as a talking dog, an analysis grounded in History of Emotions approaches and focusing on Dog reveals the extent to which this play, in dramatizing a society without charity, makes a convincing emotional plea centred on the emotions that mobilize, and are mobilized by, the uncanny character at its heart.
Negligence and the standard of care in district nursing
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: December 2018

The cost of negligence claims in the NHS continues to rise, with NHS England alone paying out some £1.75 billion in compensation last year ( NHS Resolution, 2018 ). Negligence law concerns liability for careless acts or omissions that harm another in breach of a duty of care ( Sidaway v Bethlem Royal Hospital [1985] ). To minimise the risk of liability it is essential that district nurses are aware of the circumstances that give rise to a duty of care and the standard expected of them in discharging their duty.
Composition of the Blood and Reflection of the Health State of Human Body
Authors: Poletaev Alexander
Published: December 2018

Blood (blood plasma) is a special all-pervading substance, functionally co-tuning all organs, tissues and cells of the body. To some extent blood is similar to the Ether of the ancients. In addition to performing house-keeping functions, blood is a medium for the transfer of huge amounts of information, which is continuously exchanged between all the compartments and structures of the macro-organism and its microbiome. This information is transmitted mostly in the form of chemical signals (peptides, micro-RNA, extracellular DNA, the products of the microbiome, antibodies, etc.), the totality of which controls lots of biological processes. Blood is not only a controlling, but also a reflecting environment: dynamic changes in the composition of this environment carry information about the smallest changes in the state of individual populations of cells, tissues, organs and the body as a whole. The prospects of practical using of information about the state of the organism, transmitted by blood and reflected in individual’s serum immunoreactivity profiles are analyzed.
Noise Analysis at Different Technological Solutions of Milking Devices
Authors: Pšenka Martin , Mihina Štefan , Järvi Matti , Šístková Marie , Kažimírová Viera , Holota Tomas
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The aim of this article is to evaluate the noise levels of different milking systems. Noise was measured at 15 dairy farms in Slovakia, Finland, and the Czech Republic. Out of these, there were three herringbone, three tandem, three side-by-side, and three rotary milking parlors, and three automatic milking systems (AMS). Brüel&Kjær type 2270 sound analyser was used for measuring noise levels. Equivalent sound pressure level (LAeq), maximum sound pressure level (LAFmax), and peak values (LCPk) have been recorded in each milking system during the entire herd milking session. Keywords: Animal welfare, Dairy cows, Milking device, Noise exposure.
Modeling of Natural Ventilation Using a Hierarchical Fuzzy Control System for a New Energy-Saving Solar Greenhouse
Authors: Li Qingji , Zhang Dapeng , Ji Jianwei , Sun Zhouping , Wang Yonggang
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Natural ventilation as part of a greenhouse environment control system can save energy, reduce pollution, and cut the costs of production. Many studies have used the energy balance method to model greenhouse environments and calculate the rates of ventilation needed to control them. However, the efficacy of this method is influenced by many factors. There are often many parameters in the energy balance model, related to the greenhouse structure, crop growth, and climate. Thus, the effectiveness and applicability of greenhouse ventilation systems based on energy balance can be compromised. Here, we study a hierarchical fuzzy control method and use simple fuzzy logic controllers to control the coordination and opening angles of a new energy-saving solar greenhouse roof and sidewall ventilation. This design reduces the complexity of the fuzzy rule base and the fuzzy subsystem related to the physical model, therefore making it easy to design and build. The system uses the fuzzy tool in the Matlab environment, enabling a quick design, and the fuzzy inference engine fis.c file (Fuzzy Inference System) to load the design results into the fuzzy control system, thus making the modification and maintenance of the system easier. The experimental data showed that the new hierarchical fuzzy control reduced temperature fluctuations and maintained temperature closer to desired temperature than a non-fuzzy control method. Moreover, this method can also be easily used to control other equipment in the greenhouse. Keywords: Hierarchical fuzzy model, Natural ventilation, Matlab, Solar greenhouse.
Identification of Hydrologically Sensitive Areas Considering Watershed Process Dynamics
Authors: Her Younggu , Heatwole Conrad
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Hydrologically sensitive areas (HSAs) largely control watershed response to rainfall, along with water and pollutant transport processes. Thus, their identification is critical in watershed management planning. Although watershed processes have been studied enough to provide a good understanding of HSA dynamics, only a few concepts and methods are available for HSA delineation, and they rely on spatial indices that do not consider temporal variation in hydrologic processes. This study introduces alternative concepts and methods to delineate HSAs. Three unique maps showing watershed dynamics were created using the outputs of a long-term hydrologic simulation implemented with a grid-based distributed model. The spatial distributions of HSAs identified using the newly proposed methods were compared with those of topographic indices. Results demonstrated that the new methods highlight transport processes, such as routing (or connection) and travel time, and the roles of soil and land covers, which have not been the focus of other concepts and approaches for HSA identification. In contrast to topographic index-based approaches, the proposed methods provided HSA boundaries with clear physical meanings to improve the interpretability and applicability of HSA maps. The methods are expected to enhance our ability to tackle water issues for improved water resource management by providing unique concepts and alternative ways to explicitly delineate HSAs. Keywords: Grid-based distributed model, Hydrologic connectivity, Hydrologically sensitive area, HYSTAR, Time-area method, Topographic wetness index.
Design and Testing of a Boom Sprayer Prototype to Release Trichogramma ostriniae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in Sweet Corn for Biocontrol of Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Authors: Dionne Ariane , Khelifi Mohamed , Todorova Silvia , Boivin Guy
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Sweet corn requires many insecticide applications to control its main pest: the European corn borer () (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). The use of is an effective biological alternative to control the European corn borer in sweet corn. However, manual introduction at large scale of using Trichocards is time-consuming. Mechanized introduction of using a boom sprayer is an innovative and advantageous solution. The objective of this study was to design and test a boom sprayer to spray (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in sweet corn canopy under real field conditions. parasitized eggs were sprayed at a rate of 800,000 individuals ha-1 using a boom sprayer designed at the Department of Soils and Agri-Food Engineering of Université Laval, Québec, Canada. parasitized eggs were also introduced at a rate of 500,000 individuals ha-1 using Trichocards. Overall, eight releases were made during the 2016 season. Field trial results showed a 17.22% emergence rate reduction of in the sprayed plots compared to Trichocards. Total fecundity and longevity of sprayed females were not negatively affected by spraying; indicating that spraying did not have any negative impact on their quality. The parasitism rates observed on natural egg masses of and on sentinel egg masses of were comparable for both methods. At harvest, sprayed and Trichocards treatments resulted in adequate control of the European corn borer. Obtained results also showed that spraying was 1.7 times faster than the manual introduction of Trichocards. Overall, the results indicate that spraying is a promising technique for an efficient and viable introduction of parasitized eggs. However, more research is recommended to further optimize the spraying parameters. The spraying system successfully used in sweet corn could also be used in corn production and adapted to other crops such as pepper, beans, and potatoes to control the European corn borer. Keywords: Biological control, European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, Trichogramma, Trichogramma ostriniae, Sweet corn, Corn production, Spraying, Boom sprayer, Beneficial insects, Trichocards.
Cellulosic Ethanol Potential of Feedstocks Grown on Marginal Lands
Authors: Kim Sun Min , Lee DoKyoung , Thapa Santanu , Dien Bruce S. , Tumbleson Mike E. , Rausch Kent D. , Singh Vijay
Published: December 2018

Abstract. To examine the chemical composition and ethanol production of feedstocks grown on marginal lands, prairie cordgrass and switchgrass from waterlogged land, saline land, and saline water irrigated land were evaluated. Samples were pretreated using 1% w w-1 dilute acid at 160°C for 10 min, and simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation was conducted using industrial engineered . Samples grown on land irrigated with saline water had 2.8-fold higher total ash content compared to the other types of land, resulting in lower carbohydrate concentrations. Yeast fermented glucose and xylose simultaneously; almost all of the sugars were consumed, indicating that salts present in biomass ash did not inhibit yeast performance. Ethanol production from the waterlogged and saline lands was 2,500 to 4,700 L ha-1, which is comparable to that of samples grown on other agricultural lands. Prairie cordgrass and switchgrass grown on marginal lands could be potential feedstocks for cellulosic biofuel. Keywords: Irrigation, Marginal land, Prairie cordgrass, Saline, Simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation, Switchgrass, Waterlogging.
Mechanism of Sunlight Damage on Drip Tape by Pendant Droplets in Mulched Drip Irrigation
Authors: Mo Yan , Li Guangyong , Wang Dan , Wang Jiandong , Chai Haidong , Zou Xiuming
Published: December 2018

Abstract.

Drip irrigation under mulch has been applied in China for nearly 20 years, but sunlight damage from the lens effect through droplets beneath clear plastic mulch is always a problem that cannot be ignored. Droplet volume and mulch wettability affect the geometric parameters of the pendant droplets. Changes in geometric parameters were experimentally investigated by analyzing side-view images of droplets. Models were built to predict droplet focal length and light-gathering power based on the geometric parameters. A comparison between numerical and optical experimental results suggested that the focal length model was accurate and reliable. The effective incident area of the parallel light proposed in this study could also be used to represent the light-gathering power, which had a relationship with the drip tape burning rate. The increase in wettability of the clear mulch considerably increased the focal length of the pendant droplets, expanded the focal length range, enhanced the light-gathering power, and thus increased the risk of drip tape burning. In practice, pendant droplets with a wetting radius of 3 to 5 mm, with corresponding focal lengths of 5 to 12 mm, have a high probability of emergence. Therefore, the distance between the mulch and drip tape should be beyond this focal length range to reduce the risk of drip tape burning by pendant droplets. In addition, filming the mulch surface with hydrophobic materials to increase the contact angles of droplets can also protect the drip tape from sunlight damage. Keywords: Drip irrigation under mulch, Drip tape burning, Effective incident area of parallel light, Focal length, Pendant droplet.
Crop Yield and Water Use Efficiency as Affected by Different Soil-Based Management Methods for Variable-Rate Irrigation in a Semi-Humid Climate
Authors: Li Xiumei , Zhao Weixia , Li Jiusheng , Li Yanfeng
Published: December 2018

Abstract. To improve the management of variable-rate irrigation (VRI) systems in semi-humid climates, three different soil-based irrigation management methods were evaluated on their potential for reducing irrigation water use and maximizing crop yield and water use efficiency (WUE) during the 2016 and 2017 growing seasons of summer maize in the North China Plain. The three irrigation management methods evaluated were soil water balance modeling (SWB), measured soil water content (SWC), and a combination of SWB and the rain forecast for the next three days (RF). The experiments were implemented on four management zones delineated by available soil water holding capacity of a center-pivot VRI system. A similar irrigation trigger point (70% of field capacity) was used for the three irrigation management methods in the four management zones. In the two seasons, the total water application in the SWC treatments varied in a larger range among the management zones, and the irrigation water applied was 22% and 21% less than in the SWB and RF treatments, respectively. Similar yields were obtained among the irrigation management methods in both seasons. The maximum WUE was always observed with the SWC treatments for the four management zones in the 2017 season. The WUE with the SWC treatments was 36% and 23% higher than with the SWB and RF treatments, respectively. Considering the amount of irrigation water applied, yield, and WUE, our results demonstrated that the SWC method was more suitable for VRI management than the SWB and RF methods in this semi-humid climate. Keywords: Center pivot, Soil water balance, Soil water content, Rain forecast, Summer maize, Yield.
Digital economy and the law: introduction to this Special Issue
Authors: Bernd Waas  , Vera Pavlou  , Elena Gramano
Published: December 2018

This article introduces the special issue of Work Organisation, Labour & Globalisation on the digital economy and the law. After summarising the literature and setting out some of the key issues raised by digitalisation in general and online platforms in particular for labour rights, it introduces the contents of the issue in detail, positioning them in relation to these larger debates.
Traditional and new forms of organisation and representation in the platform economy
Authors: Karolien Lenaerts  , Zachary Kilhoffer  , Mehtap Akgüç
Published: December 2018

This article investigates whether the existing frameworks of industrial relations and social dialogue can also be applied to work in the platform economy. It further questions what role the traditional Social Partners can play in dealing with the challenges of this new form of work. The article maps new forms of organisation, of both workers and platforms, and explores how these interact with the traditional actors and structures. While organising platform workers is difficult, numerous successful efforts to do so exist, including by grassroots organisations, worker cooperatives and formal unions. All of these, to different degrees, perform similar functions to those of traditional Social Partners.
Call centre workers unite! changing forms of organisation and representation in the Portuguese and British Digital Economy
Authors: Isabel Roque
Published: December 2018

In the 21st century the introduction of digital technologies has been accompanied by a rise in precarious, cheap and vulnerable work. Call centres represent a part of the service sector that exemplifies many aspects of technological innovation, being one of the fastest developing forms of digitalised work. This article draws on 30 semi-structured interviews conducted between 2014 and 2017 with former and present Portuguese and British call centre workers, trade union delegates, activists and academics, aiming at analysing the engagement between trade unions and social mobilisation, that is, how workers engage in new forms of organisation in Portuguese and British call centres.
Phyloproteomic and functional analyses do not support the split of the genus Borrelia(phylum Spirochaetes).
Authors: Estrada Peña Agustín , Cabezas-Cruz Alejandro
Published: December 2018

Background: The evolutionary history of a species is frequently derived from molecular sequences, and the resulting phylogenetic trees do not include explicit functional information. Here, we aimed to assess the functional relationships among bacteria in the Spirochaetes phylum, based on the biological processes of 42,489 proteins in reference proteomes of 34 Spirochaetes species. We tested the hypothesis that the species in the genus
Borreliamight be sufficiently different to warrant splitting them into two separate genera.

Results: A detrended canonical analysis demonstrated that the presence/absence of biological processesamong selected bacteria contained a strong phylogenetic signal, which did not separate species of
Borrelia. We examined the ten biological processes in which most proteins were involved consistently. This analysis demonstrated that species in
Borreliawere more similar to each other than to free-life species (
Sediminispirochaeta,
Spirochaeta,
Sphaerochaeta) or to pathogenic species without vectors (
Leptospira,
Treponema, Brachyspira), which are highly divergent. A dendrogram based on the presence/absence of proteins in the reference proteomes demonstrated that distances between species of the same genus among free-life or pathogenic non-vector species were higher than the distances between the 19 species (27 strains) of
Borrelia. A phyloproteomic network supported the close functional association between species of
Borrelia. In the proteome of 27 strains of
Borrelia,only a few proteins had evolved separately, in the relapsing fever and Lyme borreliosis groups. The most prominent
Borreliaproteins and processes were a subset of those also found in free-living and non-vectored pathogenic species. In addition, the functional innovation (i.e., unique biological processes or proteins) of
Borreliawas very low, compared to other genera of Spirochaetes.

Conclusions: We found only marginal functional differences among
Borreliaspecies. Phyloproteomic networks that included all pairwise combinations between species, proteins, and processes were more effective than other methods for evaluating the evolutionary relationships among taxa. With the limitations of data availability, our results did not support a split of the arthropod-transmitted spirochaetes into the proposed genera,
Borreliaand
Borreliella.
Ahkâmın Mahiyet Açısından Değişmesinin İmkânı
Authors: EŞİT Yusuf
Published: December 2018

Ahkâmın
değişmesi genel olarak kabul edilmekte ve İslâm hukukunun dinamik yapısının önemli
bir göstergesi olarak sunularak kimi zaman herhangi bir kayda bağlı kalınmadan
tüm hükümlere uygulanabilmektedir. Söz konusu bu tavrın yanlışlığını gösterme
sadedinde hükmün değişiminin anlamı üzerine çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Hâlbuki
daha önce yapılması gereken hükmün mahiyet itibariyle değişime uygun olup
olmadığının tespit edilmesidir. Biz de bu çalışmamızda usûlde tanımlandığı
şekliyle hükmün mahiyet itibariyle değişime uygunluğunu ele aldık. Konuyla
alakalı tespit ettiğimiz Şâtıbînin yaklaşımını zikrederek bu yaklaşımı fıkıh
kaynaklarında hükmün değişimi anlamına gelebilen; tamamlanmadan bozulan
nafilenin kazasının hükmü, ez-Zaruratu tubîhu’l-mahzûrât kaidesi ve devletin
buyruğuyla bağlayıcılığı artan emir ve nehiy içerikli hükümler çerçevesinde
test etmeye çalıştık.
REFORMISMO Y RENOVACIÓN EDUCATIVA
Authors: Carreño Luciana
Published: December 2018

Dentro de los postulados de la Reforma Universitaria se incluyó una serie de iniciativas que plantearon la renovación científica, cultural y educativa de las casas de estudios superiores. La docencia libre fue uno de los principios defendidos por los reformistas siguiendo distintos modelos universitarios de procedencia europea. En el artículo se estudia la implementación de la docencia libre en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Universidad de Buenos Aires con el fin de iluminar dos cuestiones. Por un lado, se analiza esta medida dentro de la agenda reformista tomando en cuenta las diferentes posturas y la repercusión de los cursos libres en la vida estudiantil universitaria. Por otro lado, se estudia si este régimen de docencia implicó un proceso de apertura en el acceso a la cátedra. Para ello se toman como fuentes documentos oficiales, revistas estudiantiles y una serie de legajos académicos de un grupo de universitarios que solicitaron ingresar a la docencia luego de la reforma de los estatutos de 1918. El enfoque propuesto vincula el análisis de las modalidades de intervención estudiantil en la política académica con la reconstrucción de prácticas y trayectorias de universitarios que comenzaron a circular en la Universidad tras la Reforma.
EL ‘55 EN LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL LITORAL. REFORMISMO Y DESPERONIZACIÓN EN EL DISCURSO DE LAS AUTORIDADES
Authors: Salomon Pablo
Published: December 2018

Entre 1955 y 1958, durante la intervención del Poder Ejecutivo Nacional en la Universidad Nacional del Litoral, se desplegó un proceso de desperonización que involucró un conjunto de acciones. Entre ellas, cesantías y renuncias de docentes que habían tenido vinculaciones con el régimen peronista y reincorporaciones de aquellos cuyas carreras universitarias fueron interrumpidas en 1946. Asimismo, se iniciaron reestructuraciones institucionales que buscaron borrar los símbolos alegóricos del peronismo. Este artículo, precisamente, aborda una dimensión de este proceso al analizar el discurso de las autoridades interventoras. En la interpretación que las autoridades realizaron de esa coyuntura crítica, apelaron al reformismo para la consecución de la desperonización en la casa de altos estudios.
POLITIK IDENTITAS ANIMAL POP DANCE: Subbudaya dan Gaya Hidup Hibrid
Authors: Setyobudi Imam
Published: December 2018

Post-colonial theories bear two perspectives. First, Said argues that the ideological and concrete framework of ideology and colonial knowledge stands firmly, neatly, and perfectly without any crack that remains entrenched. Bhabha argues that the building of ideology and colonial knowledge full of cracks necessitates the creative opportunity of creating hybrid traditions and cultures that are not merely extensions of the colonial army, but also not the real bumiputera: ambiguity and ambivalence.This article, tracking the identity politics that construct a subculture with a particular lifestyle through the creation of Animal Pop Dance choreography. An Indonesian hip hop which is a hybridization process of hip hop grown in the United States by Africa-America is mixed with three local Indonesian dance (Javanese, Sundanese, Papuan) traditions of animal behavior. The results show Animal Pop Dance is a hybrid tradition and culture that aspires to escape from the grip of dichotomous thinking patterns in post-colonial contexts.Teori paska-kolonial melahirkan dua perspektif. Pertama, Said berpendapat kerangka-beton ideologi dan pengetahuan kolonial berdiri kokoh, rapi, dan sempurna tanpa retakan yang masih bercokol utuh. Bhabha berpendapat bangunan ideologi dan pengetahuan kolonial penuh retakan meniscayakan peluang kreatif menciptakan tradisi dan budaya hibrid yang bukan sekadar kepanjangan tangan kolonial semata, akan tetapi juga bukanlah bumiputera yang sesungguhnya: ambiguitas dan ambivalen. Artikel ini, pelacakan terhadap politik identitas yang mengkonstruksi sebuah subbudaya dengan gaya hidup tertentu melalui penciptaan koreografi Animal Pop Dance. Suatu hip hop Indonesia yang merupakan proses hibridisasi hibrid dari hip hop yang tumbuh di Amerika Serikat oleh kalangan Africa-America dicampuradukan dengan tiga tari tradisi lokal Indonesia (Jawa, Sunda, Papua) bertema perilaku binatang. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan Animal Pop Dance adalah tradisi dan budaya hibrid yang berhasrat melepaskan diri dari cengkeraman pola berpikir dikotomi dalam konteks paska-kolonial.   Keywords: politic of identity, animal pop dance, subculture, lifestyle, hybrid
ANAK MENDAMBAKAN ORANG TUA YANG UTUH
Authors: Lila Napsiah satra
Published: December 2018

Judul Asli        : Memutus Rantai Ketidakadilan GLobal Care dalam               Pengasuhan   Anak Tenaga Kerja Indonesia Perempuan (TKIP)Pengarang      : Maria Ulfah AnsorPenerbit         : Yayasan Obor, 2017Tebal buku     : 289 Halaman.
MASYARAKAT BADUY DALAM PERGULATAN TIGA JARINGAN MAKNA
Authors: Amaliyah Efa Ida
Published: December 2018

This article tries to explore about Bernard Adeney-Risakotta’ theory, that are agama (religion), modernitas (modernity), and budaya nenek moyang (culture of the ancestors), that relates with Baduy society (Baduy Dalam and Baduy Luar). This article uses library research. There are differences between Baduy Luar and Baduy Dalam, Baduy Luar tends to influenced by modernity, because they receive modernity product, such as technology, idea, and also institutions. In religiosity’ view, they are influenced by traditional religion. They accept modernity in technology form, such as transportation, television, the watch, clothes, etc.Tujuan tulisan ini mengeksplorasi tentang tiga jaringan makna yang menjadi teori Bernard Adeney-Risakotta, yaitu agama, modernitas, dan budaya nenek moyang pada masyarakat Baduy yang mempunyai pola sedikit berbeda, karena ada dua Baduy, yaitu Baduy Dalam dan Baduy Luar. Tulisan ini menggunakan analisa kepustakaan. Analisa didasarkan pengumpulan data sekunder berbasis kepustakaan yang dihimpun dari berbagai literatur yang mendukung. Masyarakat Baduy masih melaksanakan gotong royong, misalnya pada pembuatan rumah, panen, acara ritual atau berdo’a. Baduy Luar sudah terpengaruh pada modernitas, yaitu teknologi (televisi dan transportasi), institusi dan gagasan (ide). Tidak ada konfrontasi dari luar Baduy, karena mengedepankan kebersamaan dan saling menghormati. Baduy Luar masih memegang teguh budaya nenek moyang dengan patuh pada puun sebagai kepala suku. Mereka tetap memakai identitas sebagai masyarakat Baduy, yaitu pakaian yang merupakan ciri khas Baduy. Menurut Bernard, budaya nenek moyang bisa berupa kesetiaan pada nenek moyang, kepatuhan pada adat istiadat. Berbeda dengan Baduy Dalam dalam menerima tiga jaringan di atas. Baduy Dalam merupakan masyarakat yang menonjolkan budaya nenek moyang. Dalam hal modernitas, mereka sangat jauh dari yang telah didefinisikan oleh Bernard, baik dalam modernitas gagasan (ide) dan tehnologi.Keywords: Religion, cultural ancestors,Modernity,Baduy
RADIKALISASI GERAKAN JAMAAH ANSHARUT TAUHID DAN PENGARUH ISIS DI INDONESIA
Authors: Abdullah Asman
Published: December 2018

This research was a case study that observed the movement of Jamaah Anshorut Tauhid. JAT movement is a jihad movement with the aim of fighting for Islamic Sharia in Indonesia. This research uses qualitative deskriptif method in direct contact with the object under study. It gives a complete picture of the phenomenon of radical Islamic JAT movements that was religiously motivated and understand the process of dynamics and the purpose of the social change that they want. The radical changes that they expect was contradict with the regime in Indonesia. The government's refreshing action accompanies every step of the JAT jihadists. In fact, excessive force often carried out by the authorities to provide a deterrent effect. But such actions only lead to jihadist heroism and reinforce their beliefs. Two things should be explained in the JAT movement, firstly, JAT involvement in Aceh military training in 2010. This military training involved cross-tanzhim jihad in Indonesia. The alumnus of this training will form a new radical network affiliated with ISIS. Second, the influence of ISIS in Indonesia caused a split in JAT. For JAT jihadi that supports ISIS still survives under the leadership of Abu Bakar Ba'asyir and Aman Abdurrahman while those who refuse to join ISIS have to get out of tanzhim. Those who came out of JAT formed a new organisation with the name of Jamaah Anshorut Syariah (JAS) under the leadership of Muhammad Achwan.Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus yang menyorot gerakan Jamaah Anshorut Tauhid. Gerakan JAT merupakan gerakan jihad dengan tujuan memperjuangkan 214 Syariat Islam di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptik kualitatif yang bersentuhan langsung dengan obyek yang diteliti. Memberikan gambaran utuh fenomena gerakan radikal Islam JAT yang bermotif agama dan memahami proses dinamika dan tujuan dari perubahan sosial yang hendak mereka wujudkan. Perubahan radikal yang mereka harapkan bertentangan dengan rezim di Indonesia. Tindakan refresif pemerintah mengiringi setiap langkah para jihadis JAT. Bahkan kerapkali kekerasan berlebihan dilakukan aparat untuk memberikan efek jera. Tetapi tindakan seperti ini hanya menimbulkan sikap heroisme jihadis dan semakin meneguhkan keyakinan mereka. Dua hal yang patut disorot dari gerakan JAT pertama, keterlibatan JAT dalam pelatihan militer Aceh tahun 2010. Pelatihan militer ini melibatkan lintas tanzhim jihad di Indonesia. Alumni dari pelatihan ini kelak membentuk jaringan radikal baru yang berafiliasi dengan ISIS. Kedua, pengaruh ISIS di Indonesia melahirkan perpecahan bagi JAT. Bagi jihadi JAT yang mendukung ISIS tetap bertahan dibawah pimpinan Abu Bakar Ba’asyir dan Aman Abdurrahman sedangkan yang menolak bergabung dengan ISIS harus keluar dari tanzhim. Mereka yang keluar dari JAT membentuk jamaah baru dengan nama Jamaah Anshorut Syariah (JAS) dibawah pimpinan Muhammad Achwan.