bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forecasting the future scale of vehicle to grid technology for electric vehicles and its economic value as future electric energy source: The case of South Korea
Authors: Lim Keumju , Kim Justine Jihyun , Lee Jongsu
Published: January 2020

With the world seeking ways to cope with climate change, the interest in and demand for electric vehicles are increasing as part of the efforts to resolve the issue of fine dust, especially in South Korea. The Korean government has consistently announced plans to promote electric vehicles as a means of transportation by providing benefits such as subsidies for electric vehicle purchase and expansion of charging infrastructure. Meanwhile, as electric vehicles continue to grow in number, the energy industry has become attentive to its role as a resource for power generation through vehicle to grid technology. This study analyzes electric vehicle consumer preferences using the discrete choice experiment (DCE) and found that there exists a clear nested structure in Korean consumers’ choice of vehicle. The study also estimates the amount of vehicle to grid electricity supply in the power market and calculates not only national but also individual economic benefit of electric vehicle owners participating in vehicle to grid services based on the estimated amount of electricity supplied. The results of scenario analysis indicate that the estimated electric vehicle supply in Korea will be about 560,000 units cumulatively and that the vehicle to grid electric vehicle power supply scale will reach 1.81 GW by 2030. The estimation shows that the economic benefit of vehicle to grid at the national power market level is 50.9 billion KRW per year, while the economic benefit at an individual level (per vehicle) is 104,151 KRW.
Late Neolithic plant subsistence and farming activities on the southern margins of the Massif Central (France)
Authors: Bouby Laurent , Philippe Marinval , Núria Rovira
Published: January 2020

Seed and fruit remains from archaeological sites provide the most direct source of evidence on ancient crops and plant food resources. Earlier studies on late Neolithic sites (3500–2200 BC) in the Grands Causses and Hérault valley areas focused on cave and rock-shelter sites. Here, we discuss new and previously published archaeobotanical evidence from open-air settlements, which should be considered as more representative of the standard subsistence and farming economy. Patterns in the data have been analyzed through sample densities, diversity index, taxa ubiquities, and abundance by means of correspondence factor analysis. Contrary to what is assumed in other Western European regions for that period, the available dataset indicates that cereals were consumed and therefore probably cultivated on a regular basis in the Grands Causses and Hérault valley. The range of crops and collected wild fruits was the same in both areas but certain differences existed. As in other regions, einkorn played a significant role during the late Neolithic, but it was more common in the Hérault valley than in the Grands Causses plateaux. On the other hand, the collection of wild fruits seemed to be of more importance in the hinterland than in the littoral area. The more striking difference concerns crop processing activities and the use of glume wheat by-products. They are much more common in the Grands Causses samples.
Some studies on the effect of bagasse concentration on the mechanical and physical properties of SBR composites
Authors: Khalaf ESA , Farag H , Abdel-Bary EM
Published: January 2020

This work aims to avoid pollution of the environment resulting from ashes accumulated due to the burning of agricultural wastes. Also, it aims to reduce the cost without impairing the mechanical properties of rubber vulcanizates. For this reason, this work was carried out as a possible solution by incorporation of cellulose fibers derived from bagasse waste as reinforcing fillers in rubber composites. Besides, it aims at reporting an investigation on a series of mixtures based on natural ground bagasse powder (GBP) and carbon black (CB) as reinforcing fillers to study their effects on the mechanical and physical properties of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) composites. The GBP obtained from the grinding machine has a selective grain size distribution ranging from about 20 µm to 180 µm. In addition, 2.5 phr of added maleic anhydride was used to improve the interfacial adhesion between SBR and agricultural waste fillers (i.e. bagasse). Tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus at 100% elongation, resilience and hardness (Shore A), degree of swelling, and thermal properties of the rubber vulcanizates were studied. The prepared samples were also analyzed by X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscopy. The advantage of choosing the 25 phr bagasse concentration as a pivoting factor makes the road clearer to investigate that the optimum concentration of bagasse to be used simultaneously with CB in SBR composites is 30 phr. Furthermore, it was found from the obtained results that the addition of GBP up to 50 phr is possible without impairing the mechanical properties of SBR vulcanizates.
A comparative study on mechanical and rheological properties of ternary rubber blends
Authors: Abdelsalam Amir A , Araby Sherif , El-Sabbagh Salwa H , Abdelmoneim Ahmed , Hassan Mohsen A
Published: January 2020

Polymer blends lead to producing a new class of plastics, which may have better properties than being individual. In this study, the ternary blends of natural rubber (NR)/styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)/nitrile rubber (NBR) were prepared via melt compounding, and then the physicomechanical properties of ternary NR/SBR/NBR blends were investigated. NR content was kept constant at 30 phr, while SBR and NBR fractions were varied simultaneously. The effect of the addition of 3 phr of ultrablend 4000 as compatibilizer on the compatibility of the rubber blends was studied. The results revealed that the use of the compatibilizer has significantly resulted in the clear stability of the scorch time and the optimum cure time of the blends. Tensile strength; stress at 100%, 200%, and 300% elongations; elongation at break %; compression strength; and compression set increase with the NBR content. There was a dramatic rise in the value of swelling ratio with the decrease of NBR. Moreover, the dynamic mechanical analysis showed some shifts in glass transition temperatures for blends to higher and lower temperatures as a function of the composition, which indicates the partial miscibility between the contributing components. Scanning electron microscopy of the tear fracture surfaces indicated that incorporation of NBR in the blends resulted in better adhesion of ternary blends and improved the tensile properties of ternary blends.
Does the Export-led Growth Hypothesis Hold for Myanmar?
Authors: Kim Byoungki , Kyophilavong Phouphet , Nozaki Kenji , Charoenrat Teerawat
Published: January 2020

This article examines the causality between export expansion and economic growth in Myanmar using annual time series data for the period from 1981 to 2015. We use the Johansen cointegration test and the Toda-Yamamoto Granger causality test to examine the export-led growth hypothesis in Myanmar. The results show that there is a uni-directional causality running from export expansion to economic growth in Myanmar. Our results support the export-led growth hypothesis in Myanmar. This finding is very important because it indicates that exports are an important factor to promote economic growth. Economic growth can be generated not only by increasing the amounts of labour and capital within the country but also by expanding exports. Exports can perform as an ‘engine of growth’ in Myanmar as in the case of East Asian economies. Therefore, the Myanmar government should actively promote an export expansion strategy to stimulate economic growth by improving trade liberalization and trade facilitation while reducing tariffs and eliminating non-tariff barriers.
The Industrial Sector Participation in Global Value Chains for Sustainable Development of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS)
Authors: Charoenrat Teerawat , Pholphirul Piriya
Published: January 2020

This study analyzes and investigates factors influencing the export of industrial sectors of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) countries. These factors can clarify whether the industrial sector of GMS countries that are involved in international trade can reach or be linked to the sustainable development goals (SDGs) under the United Nations (UN). The data used in this study is the firm-level data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey. Results from a Tobit model indicate that firm size, access to finance, license from foreign firm, research and development, website availability and skilled labour are important factors contributing to the export participation of the industrial sector of GMS countries. Policies are warranted to help support the industrial sector of GMS countries to achieve SDGs. These policy measures are easier access to financial services, access to skilled workforce, training of entrepreneurs, applying research and development, encouraging foreign investment for operational synergies and export incentives for penetration in the global market.
The Development of Chinese Version of Transcultural Nursing Self-Efficiency Scale: Using Rasch Model Analysis
Authors: Tian Yi , Wang Li , Xu Yan , He Zhuang
Published: January 2020

Introduction: With the huge advances of globalization and urbanization, the nursing services in China are meeting the challenge of varied culture-specific needs in practices. Tools to measure transcultural sensitivity thus has great value in promoting transcultural nursing practices. Method: The Chinese version of Transcultural Nursing Self-Efficacy Scale (TSET-CV) was translated and validated with a sample of 2,346 nurses in China. Utilizing the analytical framework of the rating scale model, each item of the three subscales, namely the cognitive, practical, and effect subscale, was analyzed in terms of item analysis, item fitting, difficulty, reliability, item function, and validity. Results: The analysis suggested that 5-point Likert-type scale was more suitable than the 10-point Likert-type scale originally used. Item 27 and Item 79 showed deficient properties, which was deleted in the TSET-CV. The most accurate ranges measured by the TSET-CV matched the range of the distribution of the subjects’ ability. Discussion: Unlike the classical test theory, the rating scale model based on the Rasch’s model can provide sample-independent psychometric properties of items. The revised TSET-CV has great potential in diagnosing deficiency among nursing student in transcultural self-efficiency, which can promote the development of corresponding education strategies.
Enhanced damping characteristics of carbon fiber reinforced polymer–based shear thickening fluid hybrid composite structures
Authors: Lim Jaehyeong , Kim Sang-Woo
Published: January 2020

Lightweight carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite structures with high stiffness are at risk of resonant vibration. Our study proposes a methodology to reduce this risk by passively improving the damping ratio of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite structures. We developed shear thickening fluid hybrid composite structures by applying polyimide tubes filled with shear thickening fluid having rheological properties into a composite laminate. In order to verify the proposed methodology, carbon fiber reinforced polymer–based shear thickening fluid hybrid composite beams were fabricated, and modal tests were subsequently performed to investigate their dynamic characteristics. The results revealed that the damping ratios for the initial six vibration modes of the carbon fiber reinforced polymer–based shear thickening fluid hybrid composite beam increased by 38%–174%; however, their Young’s modulus and tensile strength, respectively, decreased by 11.25% and 14.08% when compared to those of normal carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite beams. We believe that the proposed methodology to improve the damping ratio will contribute in reducing the risk of vibration resonance of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite structures in various applications.
An Exploratory Study of Bullying Exposure Among School Nurses: Prevalence and Impact
Authors: Peters Anya , El-Ghaziri Mazen , Quinn Brenna , Simons Shellie , Taylor Rosemary
Published: January 2020

The frequency and consequences of bullying directed at school nurses (SNs) are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence and impact of bullying directed at school nurses, determine predictors of bullying directed at school nurses, and evaluate the individual and organizational impact of exposure to bullying directed at school nurses. School nurses ( n = 334) completed an online survey comprised of the Negative Act Questionnaire–Revised, Perceived Stress Scale, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health General Social Survey 2010 Quality of Worklife Module, Michigan Organizational Assessment Questionnaire, and open response items to determine their experiences with, and impact of, bullying. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated for quantitative data, while content analysis was used to analyze responses to open-ended survey items. One third of participants reported occasional or frequent bullying. Content analysis revealed three themes, including unexpected parent behavior, staff incivility, and formal reporting. Findings support the development of an educational intervention to assist school nurses in the prevention and management of bullying exposure.
The Man-Not and the Inapplicability of Intersectionality to the Dilemmas of Black Manhood
Authors: Oluwayomi Adebayo
Published: January 2020

This essay argues against the proposal that Tommy J. Curry’s The Man-Not: Race, Class, Genre, and the Dilemmas of Black Manhood be read as a work of intersectionality. It argues that such a proposal amounts to a misjudgment of the overarching philosophical significance of the text. As Curry insists, intersectionality is inapplicable to the dilemmas of Black manhood because it does not consider the suffering, sexual discrimination, and death of Black males. Thus, this essay concludes that a more accurate reading of the text should be as a prolegomenon to a new schema focused on the complex systems of Black male victimization in the United States—“The Theory of Phallicism.”
Mining HPV Vaccine Knowledge Structures of Young Adults From Reddit Using Distributional Semantics and Pathfinder Networks
Authors: Amith Muhammad , Cohen Trevor , Cunningham Rachel , Savas Lara S. , Smith Nina , Cuccaro Paula , Gabay Efrat , Boom Julie , Schvaneveldt Roger , Tao Cui
Published: January 2020

The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine protects adolescents and young adults from 9 high-risk HPV virus types that cause 90% of cervical and anal cancers and 70% of oropharyngeal cancers. This study extends our previous research analyzing online content concerning the HPV vaccination in social media platforms used by young adults, in which we used Pathfinder network scaling and methods of distributional semantics to characterize differences in knowledge organization reflected in consumer- and expert-generated online content. The current study extends this approach to evaluate HPV vaccine perceptions among young adults who populate Reddit, a major social media platform. We derived Pathfinder networks from estimates of semantic relatedness obtained by learning word embeddings from Reddit posts and compared these to networks derived from human expert estimation of the relationship between key concepts. Results revealed that users of Reddit, predominantly comprising young adults in the vaccine catch up age-group 18 through 26 years of age, perceived the HPV vaccine domain from a virus-framed perspective that could impact their lifestyle choices and that their awareness of the HPV vaccine for cancer prevention is also lacking. Further differences in knowledge structures were elucidated, with implications for future health communication initiatives.
Shame, Suffering, and Believing in the Family: The Experiences of Grandmothers of a Grandchild With a Developmental Delay or Disability in the Context of Chinese Culture
Authors: Huang Yu-Ping , Wang Shou-Yu , Kellett Ursula , Chen Chao-Huei
Published: January 2020

Grandparents are primary resources of caregiving support for parents worldwide, regardless of the cultural background. In Chinese societies, grandmothers often fill the role of supportive caregiver. However, a knowledge gap in the literature exists about how Chinese culture influences caregiving for grandmothers of grandchildren with a disability, particularly in Taiwan. This phenomenological study explored the lived experience of grandmothers caring for a grandchild with a developmental delay or disability in the context of Chinese culture. Twenty-five grandmothers were interviewed. When grandmothers learned of their grandchild’s disability, they experienced suffering, which was compounded by the stigma attached to persons with a disability in Chinese cultures, and they also experienced shame and fear of social rejection. Grandmothers’ belief in the importance of family gave meaning to their suffering and prompted them to find new ways to deal with everyday difficulties. These findings can guide nurses and health care professionals responsible for supporting grandmothers caring for a child with a disability in the context of Chinese culture.
Local dynamic analysis of imperfect fluid-conveying nanotubes with large deformations incorporating nonlinear damping
Authors: Farajpour Ali , Ghayesh Mergen H , Farokhi Hamed
Published: January 2020

An attempt is made in this article to analyse the large-amplitude local dynamics of nanofluid-conveying nanotubes with geometrical imperfections. Each element of the nanotube can have displacements along both longitudinal and transverse directions. A nonlinear damping model is also taken into account utilising the Kelvin–Voigt approach. The stress nonlocality and strain gradient influences are modelled using an advanced scale-dependent theory. Moreover, the Beskok–Karniadakis approach is applied for relative motions at the nanotube wall. To present the coupled motion equations of the coupled nanotube, Hamilton’s approach is used. Moreover, to develop a reliable solution procedure, Galerkin’s method along with continuation technique is utilised. The effects of nonlinear damping, geometrical imperfection, being at nanoscales, fluid velocity and relative motion at the wall on the large-amplitude local dynamics are investigated.
Thermoelastic damping in nonlocal nanobeams considering dual-phase-lagging effect
Authors: Borjalilou Vahid , Asghari Mohsen , Taati Ehsan
Published: January 2020

This paper aims to present an explicit relation for thermoelastic damping in nanobeams capturing the small-scale effects on both the continuum mechanics and heat conduction domains. To incorporate small-scale effects, the coupled equations of motion and heat conduction are obtained by employing the nonlocal elasticity theory and the dual-phase-lag heat conduction model. Adopting simple harmonic forms for transverse deflection and temperature increment and solving the governing equations, real and imaginary parts of the frequency are extracted. According to the complex frequency approach, a closed-form size-dependent expression for evaluating thermoelastic damping in nanobeams is derived. To clarify the influence of nonlocality and dual-phase-lagging on the amount of thermoelastic damping, numerical results are compared with the ones predicted in the framework of classical continuum and heat conduction theories. Findings reveal that the size effect on both the continuum mechanics and heat conduction modeling of nanobeams is not negligible. A number of parametric studies are also conducted to indicate the effect of beam dimensions, boundary conditions and type of material on the value of thermoelastic damping.
Why the Increasing Use of Complex Causal Models Is a Problem: On the Danger Sophisticated Theoretical Narratives Pose to Truth
Authors: Saylors Rohny , Trafimow David
Published: January 2020

Causal models in organizational research are complex. As use of complex models increases, the joint probability a published model is true decreases. Across The Academy of Management Journal ( AMJ), Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes ( OBHDP), and Administrative Science Quarterly ( ASQ) from 2016 to 2018, it was most common to see six variables in a causal model. Even with a generous 80% independent probability of each correlation being properly theorized, the joint probability of a six-variable model is about 3.5%. Further, causal models often involve a causal chain, rendering the model even more improbable. Consequently, much of the knowledge generated in top journals is likely false. We explain that peer review demands for sophisticated theoretical narratives may pressure researchers to produce models that are embarrassingly unlikely. Traditionally, researchers argue that a low probability model is overcome by prior theory. Using an ethnostatistical Bayesian analysis, we found that given a generous prior likelihood ratio of 20, the posterior likelihood ratio is less than 1. Finally, we add “not reporting belief in a complex model” to the domain of questionable research practices and discuss auxiliary assumptions, the unstated assumptions that contextualize a theory. To ease reporting on belief in a complex model please see the following calculator: https://practiceoftheory.weebly.com/a-causal-models-probability-of-being-true.html .
Ethical Climate at the Frontline: A Meta-Analytic Evaluation
Authors: Friend Scott B. , Jaramillo Fernando , Johnson Jeff S.
Published: January 2020

Long-term customer relationships develop over repeated interactions, underscoring the importance of frontline employees (FLEs) engaging in ethical behaviors. Therefore, organizations must understand how a strong ethical climate (EC) may affect attitudes and behaviors among FLEs. This study reviews frontline-related EC research and employs a meta-analytic approach to investigate the direct, indirect, and contingent effects of EC on FLE actions, attitudes, and outcomes. The authors reviewed 67 frontline-related studies comprising a sample of 21,118 respondents to assess meta-analytic associations and derive a model for structural testing. The findings from this study show that a strong EC drives customer-oriented behaviors, fosters desirable job attitudes, reduces felt stress, increases perceived performance, and decreases turnover intentions among FLEs. The strength of theses associations is often predicated on individual-level (FLE experience), study-level (response rate), and country-level (perceived corruption, individualism/collectivism) factors. This study offers theoretical and managerial contributions germane to multiple uncertainties in service literature about EC’s implications on FLEs, including EC’s ability to break through sources of tension-facing FLEs, the mediated nature of EC’s impact on perceived performance through frontline actions, and the generalizability of the economic and human benefits of EC across service contexts and frontline roles that foster greater diffusion in practice.
Wear and osteolysis outcomes for highly cross-linked polyethylene in primary total hip arthroplasty compared with conventional polyethylene: a 15- to 18-year single-centre follow-up study
Authors: Moon Nam Hoon , Shin Won Chul , Do Min Uk , Kang Suk-Woong , Lee Sang-Min , Suh Kuen Tak
Published: January 2020

Background:

Although highly positive results for wear reduction of highly cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE) have been reported around the 10-year follow-up, the long-term result related to reoperation and wear-related survival is still an issue. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the follow-up results of a single manufacture’s polyethylene liner for >15 years in terms of survival and wear rate.

Methods:

This retrospective cohort study included 134 primary total hip arthroplasties (THAs) who were followed up for at least 15 years. The mean age at the time of surgery was 50.7 years (conventional polyethylene [CPE] group = 22; HXLPE group = 112). Linear and volumetric wear rates of polyethylene were measured, and the reoperation rate and radiographic osteolysis were evaluated and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed in both groups. Implant-related complications were also examined.

Results:

HXLPE group showed a significantly lower wear rate in both linear and volumetric wear. None of the hip radiographs showed evidence of loosening or osteolysis in the HXLPE group. The survival rates at 15- to 18-year follow-up were 90.9% and 95.5% in the CPE and HXLPE groups when all-cause reoperation was the endpoint, and 90.9% and 100.0% when the wear-related reoperation was the endpoint, respectively. Implant-related complications were not different between the 2 groups.

Conclusions:

Wear reduction and osteolysis showed a great advantage in HXLPE after a 15-year follow-up. Although the CPE and HXLPE showed excellent survival, wear and osteolysis were more frequent in the CPE; therefore, the high risk of reoperation in the future should be considered.
Beyond the workshop: An interpretive case study of the professional learning of three elementary music teachers
Authors: Stark Jody
Published: January 2020

This article outlines the methodology and findings from an interpretive collective case study exploring the professional learning of three elementary music teachers. Participants were purposefully selected based on their differing career stages, background, and teaching situations, and each participant was interviewed five or six times over the course of the 5-month study. Additional data sources included field notes from classroom observations, a variety of artifacts provided by the participants, and responses to Pre-Interview Activity prompts. Through hermeneutic analysis of individual case data related to each participant’s teaching and experience of professional learning, participants were found to have a variety of highly personalized learning processes which they used as mechanisms for their ongoing professional growth. Cross-case analysis revealed three larger themes related to the participants’ professional learning: (1) The quality of the participants’ learning was always instrumental and related to specific personal goals for/issues in practice; (2) meaningful professional learning had a temporal element and was characterized by continuity; and (3) the participants’ professional learning was social in nature.
“Acting head of the household” of Chinese left-behind families: A neglected phenomenon
Authors: Li Wentian
Published: January 2020

“Acting head of the household” is a psychological phenomenon of the left-behind families in China. It was named by the author. That is, a left-behind woman with maladaptation and difficulties in role change usually actively establish a very close connection with a role outside the family after the husband’s departure from home. In the process of helping and supporting the left-behind family, the role becomes the actual decision-maker, instructor, and even savior of the family, and eventually instead becomes the actual “head of the household” of the family. The left-behind family’s “acting head of the household” is a unique phenomenon in the development of Chinese society under its culture. This phenomenon has not yet attracted widespread attention and is a blind spot in Chinese mental health and psychosocial services.
Fixed, flexible, and dynamics pricing decisions of Airbnb mode with social learning
Authors: Chen Yuting , Zhang Rong , Liu Bin
Published: January 2020

The rise of the sharing economy has changed the traditional way of providing service to consumers. Airbnb is the most successful peer-to-peer model in the hospitality industry. This article investigates how to conduct strategic dynamic pricing in a competitive market by considering market conditions, quality, and risk sensitivity. Our research yields three main conclusions. First, we observe that the higher the risk level suppliers face, the more profit they will get; the lower the risk level consumers face, the more utilities they obtain. Second, we find that fixed pricing may be optimal or near-optimal for the platform when market size is small, the accommodation quality is better, and consumers’ reliability is low. Otherwise, a flexible pricing strategy is optimal. Finally, we extend the research into dynamic pricing decision in presence of Bayesian social learning and propose that the less-perfect accommodation requires social learning more urgently. In tourism peak period, social learning has less positive impact when the Airbnb accommodation is much perfect. These conclusions provide useful guidance on how the Airbnb and hotel can take advantage of the competitive market.
Art museums and the incorporation of virtual reality: Examining the impact of VR on spatial and social norms
Authors: Parker Eryn , Saker Michael
Published: January 2020

Art museums implicate established spatial and social norms. The norms that shape these behaviours are not fixed, but rather subject to change as the sociality and physicality of these spaces continues to develop. In recent years, the re-emergence of virtual reality (VR) has led to this technology being incorporated into art museums in the form of VR-based exhibits. While a growing body of research now explores the various applications, uses and effects of VR, there is a notable dearth of studies examining the impact VR might be having on the spatial and social experience of art museums. This article, therefore, reports on an original research project designed to address these concerns. The project was conducted at Anise Gallery in London, United Kingdom, between June and July 2018 and focused on the multisensory, and VR-based, exhibition, Scents of Shad Thames. The research involved 19 semi-structured interviews with participants who had just experienced this exhibition. Drawing on scholarly literature that surrounds the spatial and social norms pertaining to art museums, this study advances along three lines. First, the research explores whether the inclusion of VR might alter the practice of people watching, which is endemic of this setting. Second, the research explores whether established ways of navigating the physical setting of art museums might influence how users approach the digital space of VR. Third, the research examines whether the incorporation of VR might produce a qualitatively different experience of the art museum as a shared social space.
Volatile organic compound emission in a university printing press facility in eastern North Carolina
Authors: Reese Kellyn , Tebehaevu Ogaga , Balanay Jo Anne G.
Published: January 2020

Printing presses are known to release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that may pose health risks to workers. The purpose of this study was to assess the area airborne total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) and toluene concentrations in an eastern North Carolina university printing facility. Real-time TVOC concentrations for ∼8 h were measured using photoionization detectors during each sampling day in the facility offset and digital printing areas. Air samples were collected in the offset printing area using activated charcoal tubes to determine the 8-h time-weighted-average toluene exposure. The mean daily TVOC concentrations (n = 38) had an overall average of 6.68 ± 3.25 ppm. The mean daily TVOC concentrations in the offset printing area (8.99 ± 2.93 ppm) were significantly higher ( p <0.01) than that in the digital printing area (4.38 ± 1.38 ppm), which may be attributed to the type of printing equipment used. The highest mean daily TVOC concentration (15.77 ± 5.69 ppm) and the maximum 1-s TVOC level (42.59 ppm) were measured in the offset printing area. The overall mean toluene concentration (n = 9) was 0.14 ± 0.10 ppm (range of 0.04–0.31 ppm). Findings of this study will help in further understanding the offset and digital printing TVOC exposures and in planning to improve worker protection in printing and other similar industries.
Usability of electronic patient record systems: Instrument validation study conducted for hospitals in Germany
Authors: Simon Anke
Published: January 2020

In Germany and elsewhere, few hospital electronic patient record usability surveys are available. Moreover, there seems to be a complete lack of validated instruments in the respective literature. Hence, this study’s purpose is to validate a scale for measuring the usability of hospital electronic patient record systems. The data used for the study’s analyses (n = 949) were originally obtained during the German national initiative ‘Hospital IT User Questionnaire’. In the course of the study, reliability and exploratory factor analyses were conducted and psychometric tests showed a reliable, valid and suitable instrument. Descriptive data analysis suggests a generally low user perception and variances hint at a high potential for future improvements. To our knowledge, this study shows that a general inventory (subscales from the IsoMetrics inventory) can be applied to measuring hospital electronic patient record usability as well. The validated instrument can be used to inform healthcare providers, decision makers and politicians of a given state of usability, discrepancies between different hospitals or systems providers, and serve as a basis for improvements.
The field is ever further: In search of the elusive space of fieldwork
Authors: Stellmach Darryl
Published: January 2020

This short reflection considers how humanitarian workers conceptualize and practice “the field” as a site of action. Through the use of narrative ethnography, and drawing on comparisons with the practice of academic anthropology, it attempts to draw out disciplinary assumptions that govern how and where humanitarian action is undertaken. It demonstrates how the field is a central imaginary that underpins the principles and performance of both anthropology and humanitarian action. It highlights how the conceptualization of “the field” is itself a methodological tool in the practice of humanitarian intervention.
A Chip Off the Old Block: The Impact of Fathers on Sexual Offending Behavior
Authors: Sitney Miranda H. , Kaufman Keith L.
Published: January 2020

While parenting factors are commonly included as early risk markers for sexual aggression, data specific to paternal impacts on sexual offending are scattered. This review provides a thorough and systematic account of what is known regarding the fathers of sexual offenders. Thirty-four studies were categorized according to four distinct research questions, each addressing theoretical mechanisms by which fathers may influence the violent sexual behavior of their sons. The results suggest that the strongest impacts occur when sons are witness to their fathers engaging in acts of sexual abuse or domestic violence, in accordance with social learning theory. Father–son attachment or relationship quality also appears to have a measurable impact on the son’s engagement in sexual violence. However, paternal demographics and characteristics were generally ineffective at predicting sons’ sexual offenses. Finally, the differences between fathers of adult and juvenile sexual offenders are explored. Implications of those findings for research and applied interventions are included as they may be informative for prevention programming.
Cost-Effectiveness of Advanced Imaging Technologies in the Presurgical Workup of Epilepsy
Authors: Kwon Churl-Su , Chang Edward F. , Jetté Nathalie
Published: January 2020

The cost-effectiveness and benefit of many diagnostic tests used in the presurgical evaluation for persons with epilepsy is for the most part uncertain as is their influence on decision-making. The options we have at our disposal are ever increasing. Advanced imaging modalities aim to improve surgical candidacy by helping us better define the epileptogenic zone and optimize surgical planning. However, judicious use is important. Randomized controlled trials delineating which mode of investigation is superior are lacking. Presurgical tests do have incremental value by increasing surgical candidacy and refining surgical planning. The yield of additional imaging will increase with complex localization. However, every case must be tailored by hypothesis, cost, and accessibility. Future studies using a quantitative cost–benefit framework are needed to determine the cost-effectiveness of advanced diagnostic tests (beyond magnetic resonance imaging) in the presurgical evaluation of those with epilepsy.
Visto, Pero No Escuchado: A Qualitative Arm of a Mixed-Methods Study of Puerto Rican Children With Asthma
Authors: Dowell Jo A. , Ruiz Zulayka
Published: January 2020

Introduction:

Communication among health care providers, caregivers, and children with asthma is challenging and sometimes may exclude the child. This may result in delay in recognizing and responding appropriately to asthma symptoms. The purpose was to conduct focus groups among Puerto Rican children with asthma on communication with their health care provider about their asthma symptoms.

Method:

The qualitative arm (focus groups) of a mixed-method explanatory sequential study that was used to view communication with their health care provider through the lens of a group of Puerto Rican children. The sample included Puerto Rican children ages 8 to 12 years with asthma ( N = 23). The goal was to develop a child illness representation questionnaire.

Results:

The perspective of children with asthma provided enriched information to influence the development of instrument subscale on communication. The children were often not heard during a clinical visit. Most of the children express fear of their health care provider.

Conclusions:

Although this was a small sample, there were indications that children would like to opportunity to tell the story about their experience with having asthma. Further research will lead to the next step toward developing and computing a reliable measure that includes the child in a discussion during a clinical visit.
Ipsilateral Corticospinal Tract Excitability Contributes to the Severity of Mirror Movements in Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Case Series
Authors: Rich Tonya L. , Nemanich Samuel , Chen Chao-Ying , Sutter Ellen N. , Feyma Tim , Krach Linda E. , Gillick Bernadette T.
Published: January 2020

Mirror movements (MM) can be a clinical manifestation of unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP) causing involuntary movements when attempting to use either hand for functional activities. Atypical development of the corticospinal tract (CST) contributes to impairments in observed motor movements and functional activities. However, little is known about the underlying neurophysiology and contribution of the CST to MM. The current case study characterizes MM in 13 children and young adults with UCP ranging in age from 7 to 19 years and includes clinical and neurophysiologic variables. Clinical profiles included MM of each hand (ie, Woods and Teuber), bimanual coordination and hand use (Assisting Hand Assessment [AHA]), and perception of performance (Canadian Occupational Performance Measure [COPM]). We measured the strength of motor-evoked potentials (MEP) elicited from single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of each hemisphere to create a ratio of hemispheric responses. Our sample included three types of CST circuitry: ipsilateral (n = 5), bilateral (n = 3), and contralateral (n = 4). The MEP ratio ranged from 0 to 1.45 (median 0.11) with greater MM observed in participants with ratios greater than 0.5. We observed a positive relationship between the MEP ratio and the more-affected MM score, meaning participants with larger ipsilateral responses from contralesional stimulation (eg, the contralesional hemisphere was stimulated with TMS resulting in an ipsilateral MEP response), as compared with contralateral responses, displayed greater MM than those that did not. There was no relationship between MM and function as measured by the AHA or COPM. These findings suggest a role of the contralesional hemisphere to MM, which could serve as a therapeutic target for interventions.
Cannabis use in pregnancy and breastfeeding: The pharmacist’s role
Authors: Davis Erin , Lee Tiffany , Weber John T. , Bugden Shawn
Published: January 2020

Background:

The recent legalization of cannabis use in Canada requires pharmacists to be able to support their patients with accurate knowledge of its known risks and benefits. Certain populations, such as pregnant and breastfeeding women and their developing children, may be at higher risk than other populations.

Methods:

The authors independently searched the literature for clinical reports or reviews of the literature regarding the safety of cannabis use in pregnancy and breastfeeding using search terms such as cannabis, marijuana, pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Results:

This review combines the relevant pharmacological, pharmacokinetic and clinical evidence for the effects of cannabis in this special patient population. The literature demonstrates that some of the constituents of cannabis can reach children in utero and through breastmilk. Given that Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol can be present in breastmilk as quickly as 1 hour after consumption and last up to 6 days, it may not be possible to use cannabis and avoid infant exposure. There is evidence that this exposure may result in cognitive, social and motor defects. Some of these effects may be long term, lasting years. The pharmacist must be able to educate and screen patients regarding marijuana use in pregnancy and breastfeeding, with the ultimate aim of harm reduction.
Cell kinetics and biochemical parameters in breast cancer
Authors: Becciolini A. , Porciani S. , Balzi M. , Lanini A. , Scubla E. , Pacini P. , Benucci A. , Distante V.
Published: January 2020

The study analyzes biochemical and cell kinetic parameters to characterize solid tumor growth in humans. The concentrations of polyamines, CEA, the thymidine labeling index (T.L.I.) and the mitotic index (M.I.) were determined on fragments of neoplastic tissue from 18 patients with breast carcinoma. Urinary polyamines were evaluated in the same patients.

Two groups of patients were distinguished according to the median value of the T.L.I. In the group with high T.L.I., M.I. and tissue polyamines were significantly higher than in the group with low T.L.I., whereas tissue CEA was lower, though in a not statistically significant way. Urinary polyamines showed no variations between groups.

These preliminary results showed that T.L.I. levels were higher in patients who relapsed during a 4-year follow-up than in patients achieving complete remission and remaining disease free. Results concerning polyamine concentration showed that the tissue polyamine level in breast carcinoma indicated proliferative activity, but this does not seem to be valuable for current prognostic purposes
Transforming growth factor-α expression in benign and malignant human prostatic disease
Authors: Lloyd S. N. , Brown I. L. , Leake R. E.
Published: January 2020

Investigation of biological variables in prostatic disease may not only prevent patients with a good prognosis being overtreated, but allow better selection of appropriate therapy, and may identify potential targets for novel therapies. This study investigates the growth factor transforming growth factor-α (TGFα) expression in benign and malignant prostatic biopsies using both radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry, considering its role in malignant epithelial transformation and as a prognostic indicator. Biochemical methods were less satisfactory than the more selective immunohistochemical methods, due to the heterogeneity of prostatic tissue. Seventy-one percent of benign biopsies (range 0-18.62ng/mg DNA) and 69% of malignant biopsies (range 0-11.1ng/mg DNA) had detectable levels of TGFα using radioimmunoassay. Immunohistochemical staining for TGFaL identified expression in 15% of benign (4 out of 27) and 53% malignant biopsies (18 out of 34). Positive staining was also identified in premalignant lesions and within stromal elements, thus implying the factor's role in autocrine/paracrine growth and/or malignant transformation. Immunostaining for TGFα may enhance detection of premalignant lesions and small foci of malignant glands which are otherwise difficult to identify using standard histopathological techniques.
Analytical and clinical evaluation of a new tumor marker in breast cancer: CA 27.29
Authors: Correale M. , Abbate I. , Gargano G. , Catino A. , Dragone C.D. , Musci M.D. , Serio G. , Paradiso A. , Delena M.
Published: January 2020

Evaluation of a radioimmunoassay for a new tumor marker, named CA 27.29, recently proposed for use in breast cancer patients, is reported in this study. After considering the analytical performance, the clinical study was directed to a control group of 66 apparently healthy subjects (Controls), a group of 25 women with benign breast disease (BBD) and a group of 164 breast cancer patients divided into primary before any treatment (M-), in follow-up with no evidence of disease (NED) and presence of metastases (M+). When compared to CA 15.3, our results showed similar sensitivity of both markers with a slightly lower specificity for CA 27.29. In some cases, however, CA 27.29 elevation appears earlier than CA 15.3 as a sign of metastases. We thus propose their associated use.
Dynamic output feedback control for a walking assistance training robot to handle shifts in the center of gravity and time-varying arm of force in omniwheel
Authors: Chang Hongbin , Wang Shuoyu , Sun Ping
Published: January 2020

In this study, we designed a dynamic output feedback control for a walking assistance training robot. The proposed system addresses the problems of shifts in the center of gravity and vibration associated with time-varying arm of force in omniwheel to improve the accuracy of the trajectory tracking of the walking assistance training robot. The dynamic output feedback controller was developed by constructing a velocity observer on a stochastic dynamic model of the walking assistance training robot via integration with a Lyapunov function. An analysis of the time-varying arm of force in omniwheel revealed that it increased the accuracy of the walking assistance training robot dynamic model. Thus, an adaptive law was designed such that the vibration caused by the time-varying arm of force in omniwheel was eliminated. The mean absolute practical stability in the position and velocity tracking errors was verified based on Young’s inequality and stochastic stability theory. The simulation results show that the walking assistance training robot with the shifts in the center of gravity was able to track a designed trajectory and that the application of the adaptive law effectively eliminates the vibrations caused by the time-varying arm of force in omniwheel.