bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Executive inhibition: A study of postcommission error slowing and postomission error speeding
Authors: Huang Jia , Shum David H. K. , Chan Raymond C. K.
Published: March 2013

Error detection, error regulation, and the way of facilitating regulation are fundamental to successful adaptation to the environment. Previous studies have demonstrated the cognitive process that underlies error detection, but it is still not clear whether this cognitive process is influenced by internal and external factors of error type and feedback. The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulation of commission and omission errors in executive inhibition tasks and the effects of feedback on error regulation. Three tasks, including a go/no‐go task with visual feedback, a go/no‐go task with auditory feedback, and a stop signal task with visual feedback were conducted separately with three independent groups of healthy university students. We found postcommission error slowing and postomission error speeding in the reaction times. Correct visual feedback increased all the reaction times for executive inhibition compared with incorrect feedback. The results indicated that the regulation of reaction time after different types of error may be an adaptive behavioral manifestation and that performance feedback facilitates overall inhibitory control.
Cumulative sum plots and retrospective parameters in first‐trimester ductus venosus quality assurance
Authors: Sabria Joan , Comas Carmina , Barceló‐Vidal Carles , Illa Miriam , Echevarria Monica , Gomez‐Roig Maria Dolors , Borrell Antoni
Published: March 2013

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the application of two quality assurance methods to the ductus venosus pulsatility index (DVPI), as a first‐trimester aneuploidy marker, including retrospective assessment of distribution parameters and cumulative sum (CUSUM) plots.

Methods

The DVPI was measured in 14 444 singleton fetuses at 11+0 to 13+6 weeks in two Fetal Medicine centers during a 4‐year period. Sonologist‐specific quality assurance distribution parameters, previously described for nuchal translucency, were assessed: the median multiples of the median (MoM), the logarithmic standard deviation of DVPI MoMs and the weekly DVPI percent decrease. Quality assurance results were compared between median MoMs and MoM‐based CUSUM plots.

Results

When sonologist‐specific DVPI distribution parameters were retrospectively applied for quality assurance, a 1.0 median MoM, a 0.1 median logarithmic standard deviation and a 3.4 median weekly DVPI drop percentage were observed. CUSUM plots showed good agreement with 0.9–1.1 MoMs range for median MoM, in the assessment of sonologist‐specific performances.

Conclusion

Retrospective and prospective DVPI quality assurance methods appear to be applicable to DVPI at 11+0 to 13+6 weeks. Its use should be encouraged if DVPI is to be added to first‐trimester Down syndrome or cardiac defects screening. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of Mo back contact ageing on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin‐film solar cells
Authors: Salomé Pedro M. P. , Fjallstrom Viktor , Hultqvist Adam , Szaniawski Piotr , Zimmermann Uwe , Edoff Marika
Published: March 2013

In this work, we investigate the effect of ageing Mo‐coated substrates in a dry and N2 flooded cabinet. The influence was studied by preparing Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells and by comparing the electrical performance with devices where the Mo layer was not aged. The measurements used for this study were current–voltage (J‐V), external quantum efficiency (EQE), secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) and capacitance–voltage (C‐V). It was concluded that devices prepared with the aged Mo layer have, in average, an increase of 0.8% in efficiency compared with devices that had a fresh Mo layer. Devices with aged Mo exhibited a nominal increase of 12.5 mV of open circuit voltage, a decrease of 1.1 mA/cm−2 of short circuit current and a fill factor increase of 2.4%. Heat treatment of fresh Mo layers in oxygen atmosphere was also studied as an alternative to ageing and was shown to provide a similar effect to the aged device's performance. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large variation of severity and longitudinal change of symptom distress among patients with personality disorders
Authors: Kvarstein Elfrida H. , Karterud Sigmund
Published: March 2013

Main objectives were to investigate (1) the longitudinal course of symptom distress among patients with personality disorders (PD) and (2) how different Axis‐I and Axis‐II pathology and treatment factors predict or moderate long‐term outcome. All patients (n = 751) were admitted to short‐term day hospital treatment, and 47% continued in group psychotherapy (mean duration 2.3 years). Symptom distress was assessed repeatedly over 5 years (Symptom Check List 90‐R). Mixed models were chosen for statistical analyses. A main finding was the large variation in severity and longitudinal course of symptom distress. Five‐year trends ranged from full symptom remission (31%) to pervasive, severe distress (36%). Co‐occurring Axis‐I disorders did not explain longitudinal variability of symptom distress. However, the presence and increasing severity of Axis‐II pathology was strongly associated with more severe baseline symptom distress. Poor long‐term outcomes were associated with the combination of avoidant PD and long treatment durations (>2.5 years), and borderline PD and short treatment durations (<0.4 years). Contrastingly, considerable symptom relief was associated with borderline PD and long treatment duration. In conclusion, the severity and longitudinal course of symptom distress among PD patients is closely associated with their personality structures and not sufficiently explained by Axis‐I comorbidity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Introduction of reactive functionality by the incorporation of divinylbiphenyl in ethylene copolymerization with styrene or 1‐hexene using aryloxo‐modified half‐titanocenes and MAO catalysts
Authors: Apisuk Wannida , Kitiyanan Boonyarach , Joon Kim Hyun , Hyun Kim Dong , Nomura Kotohiro
Published: March 2013

An efficient introduction of vinyl group into poly (ethylene‐co‐styrene) or poly(ethylene‐co−1‐hexene) has been achieved by the incorporation of 3,3′‐divinylbiphenyl (DVBP) in terpolymerization of ethylene, styrene, or 1‐hexene with DVBP using aryloxo‐modified half‐titanocenes, Cp′TiCl2(O−2,6‐iPr2C6H3) [Cp′ = Cp*, tBuC5H4, 1,2,4‐Me3C5H2], in the presence of MAO cocatalyst, affording high‐molecular‐weight polymers with unimodal distributions. Efficient comonomer incorporations have been achieved by these catalysts, and the content of each comonomer could be varied by its initial concentration charged. The postpolymerization of styrene was initiated from the vinyl group remained in the side chain by treatment with n‐BuLi. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 2581–2587
Studies of the conformational stability of invasion plasmid antigen B from Shigella
Authors: Choudhari Shyamal P. , Kramer Ryan , Barta Michael L. , Greenwood Jamie C. , Geisbrecht Brian V. , Joshi Sangeeta B. , Picking William D. , Middaugh C. Russell , Picking Wendy L.
Published: March 2013

Shigella spp. are the causative agent of shigellosis, the second leading cause of diarrhea in children of ages 2–5. Despite many years of research, a protective vaccine has been elusive. We recently demonstrated that invasion plasmid antigens B and D (IpaB and IpaD) provide protection against S. flexneri and S. sonnei. These proteins, however, have very different properties which must be recognized and then managed during vaccine formulation. Herein, we employ spectroscopy to assess the stability of IpaB as well as IpgC (invasion protein gene), IpaB's cognate chaperone, and the IpaB/IpgC complex. The resulting data are mathematically summarized into a visual map illustrating the stability of the proteins and their complex as a function of pH and temperature. The IpaB/IpgC complex exhibits thermal stability at higher pH values but, though initially stable, quickly unfolds with increasing temperature when maintained at lower pH. In contrast, IpaB is a much more complex protein exhibiting increased stability at higher pH, but shows initial instability at lower pH values with pH 5 showing a distinct transition. IpgC precipitates at and below pH 5 and is stable above pH 7. Most strikingly, it is clear that complex formation results in stabilization of the two components. This work serves as a basis for the further development of IpaB as a vaccine candidate as well as extends our understanding of the structural stability of the Shigella type III secretion system.
Enhancement of infrared emission in Er3+, Yb3+ co‐doped sodium niobium tellurite nano glass‐ceramics
Authors: Kumar J. Suresh , Pavani K. , Graça M. P. F. , Soares M. J. , Valente M. A.
Published: March 2013

In the present work, sodium niobium tellurite (SNT) glass‐ceramics co‐doped with Er2O3 and Yb2O3 were prepared and analyzed. Initially SNT glasses were prepared using high pure chemicals namely TeO2, Nb2O5, Na2CO3, B2O3, and SiO2. DTA analysis was performed to identify the glass transition (Tg) and crystallization (Tc) temperatures. Following the data of DTA, the initial host glass was annealed at different temperatures (450, 550, and 650 °C). From the XRD pattern, glass annealed at 650 °C is taken to be optimized temperature for the formation of glass‐ceramics from the host glass. The glass‐ceramics thus formed were found to be translucent rather transparent. Similar procedure is followed to form Er3+ single doped and Er3+, Yb3+ co‐doped SNT glass‐ceramics. It was found that the crystallite size in the glass‐ceramics calculated from the Debye Scherrer's formula is around the nano scale. Optical absorption and Judd–Ofelt (J–O) calculations were done for the transparent glasses doped with the rare earths. Radiative properties were also estimated from the J–O parameters. NIR emission spectra specifically observing the 1.5 µm luminescence of Er3+ ion in the doped glasses and glass‐ceramics were recorded. It was found that nano glass‐ceramics co‐doped with Er3+ and Yb3+ ions were of maximum efficiency compared to single Er3+ doped SNT glass which could be used for fiber amplifiers in the NIR region.
Effects of grain boundary scattering on carrier transport of highly transparent conductive Ga‐doped ZnO polycrystalline films
Authors: Yamamoto Tetsuya , Song Huaping , Makino Hisao
Published: March 2013

Polycrystalline Ga‐doped ZnO films (GZO) with different thicknesses ranging from 100 to 400 nm were deposited by ion plating with DC arc discharge at a glass substrate temperature of 200 °C. The dominant role of grain boundary scattering in carrier transport in the films was demonstrated by varying the film thickness and grain size. With increasing film thickness, the grain size increases and the alignment of the c‐axis between the columnar grains is improved. A comparison of Hall mobility and optical mobility showed that for GZO films, carrier transport is mainly limited by grain boundary scattering. By comparing a grain‐size‐effect theory with electrical resistivity data, we found that the grain boundary resistance coefficient deceases with increasing grain size.(© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Semipolar (11\bar 2\bar 2) ZnO thin films grown on LaAlO3‐buffered LSAT (112) single crystals by pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Tian Jr‐Sheng , Peng Chun‐Yen , Wang Wei‐Lin , Wu Yue‐Han , Shih Yi‐Sen , Chiu Kun‐An , Ho Yen‐Teng , Chu Ying‐Hao , Chang Li
Published: March 2013

Semipolar (11\bar 2 \bar 2) ZnO was successfully grown on (112) LaAlO3/(LaAlO3)0.29(Sr2AlTaO6)0.35 substrate by pulsed laser deposition. The epitaxial relationship is [11\bar 23]_{\rm ZnO} // [11\bar 1]_{\rm LAO/LSAT} with the polar axis of [000\bar 1]_{\rm ZnO} pointing to the surface. For ZnO films with thickness of 1.6 μm, the threading dislocation density is ∼1 × 109 cm–2, and the density of basal stacking faults is below 1 × 104 cm–1. The (11\bar 2 \bar 2) ZnO exhibits strong D0X emissions with a FWHM of 9 meV and very few green–yellow emissions in the low‐temperature (10 K) and room‐temperature photoluminescence spectra, respectively.

magnified image

The XRD 2θ –θ pattern of 1.6 μm ZnO films grown on (112) LaAlO3/LSAT only reveals a sharp (11\bar 2 \bar 2) ZnO reflection for ZnO. The inset figure is the XRD rocking curve of (11\bar 2 \bar 2) ZnO with a FWHM of 0.084°.

(© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Flexible InGaZnO thin film transistors using stacked Y2O3/TiO2/Y2O3 gate dielectrics grown at room temperature
Authors: Hsu Hsiao‐Hsuan , Chang Chun‐Yen , Cheng Chun‐Hu
Published: March 2013

In this Letter, we report a low operation voltage and high mobility flexible InGaZnO thin‐film transistor (TFT) using room‐temperature processed Y2O3/TiO2/Y2O3 gate dielectric. The flexible IGZO TFT showed a low threshold voltage of 0.75 V, a small sub‐threshold swing of 137 mV/decade, a good field effect mobility of 32.7 cm2/V s, and a large Ion/Ioff ratio of 1.7 × 106. The low operation voltage, small sub‐threshold swing and high mobility could be ascribed to the combination of high‐κ TiO2 and large band gap Y2O3, which provide the potential to meet the requirements of low‐temperature and low‐power portable electronics.

magnified image

(© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of various on‐tissue washing procedures on the entire protein quantity and the quality of matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization spectra
Authors: Enthaler Bernd , Bussmann Tanja , Pruns Julia K. , Rapp Claudius , Fischer Markus , Vietzke Jens‐Peter
Published: March 2013

RATIONALE

For the matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging of proteins and tryptic peptides it is recommendable to remove salts, lipids, and phospholipids prior to analysis. However, thorough investigations of the influence of commonly used washing protocols on the entire protein content and the spectral quality have not been carried out.

METHODS

After the application of various on‐tissue washing protocols, proteins and peptides were eluted by use of different solvents. Subsequently, protein quantities of the eluates were determined by a bicinchoninic acid assay. The spectral quality of the tryptic peptide eluates was investigated based upon peak picking. A MALDI time‐of‐flight (TOF) mass spectrometer was used to generate mass spectra. Skin tissue samples were prepared by embedding them either in carboxymethyl cellulose or in a cutting medium containing polyethylene glycol.

RESULTS

Our work shows the numerical decrease in protein content after applying different on‐tissue washing protocols. Protein losses in a range of 17–38% were observed. From evaluating the spectral quality, two washing protocols were shown to be beneficial, enabling the detection of a high number of tryptic peptides. Procedures to thoroughly remove polyethylene glycol (deriving from special embedding media) were determined. Critically, aqueous washing steps conducted as short dips in two different jars were beneficial in achieving complete removal.

CONCLUSIONS

Washing steps have a strong impact on improving the spectral quality, but they may lead to a high decrease in the protein content. Our results show that there is a balancing act between avoiding protein loss and obtaining high spectra quality. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single electron redox via an ion‐neutral complex in the fragmentation of protonated benzoylferrocenes
Authors: Cao Xiaoji , Jiang Nan , Ye Xuemin , Zheng Lebin , Zhang Feifei , Shen Lingxiao , Chen Jiaoyu , Mo Weimin
Published: March 2013

RATIONALE

Ferrocene derivatives have become very popular molecules for biological applications. Although considerable experimental and theoretical calculation studies have demonstrated that ferrocene derivatives are easily oxidized during electrospray ionization (ESI), the details of the single electron redox reaction for protonated benzoylferrocenes in collision‐induced dissociation (CID) mass spectrometry (MS) has not been obtained. Characterizing this mechanism is useful for further understanding the properties of ferrocene‐containing biomaterials.

METHODS

All CID MS experiments were carried out using ESI ion trap mass spectrometry in positive ion mode. In addition, the accurate mass of fragments was measured on a ESI quadrupole time‐of‐flight (QTOF) mass spectrometer in positive ion mode. Theoretical calculations were carried out by the density functional theory (DFT) method with a hybrid basis set consisting of 6‐31G (d) and ECP LanL2DZ in the Gaussian 03 program.

RESULTS

In the fragmentation of protonated benzoylferrocenes, the characterized ferrocinium cation was observed, which was proposed from the cleavage of the bond between the ipso‐carbon atom and the carbonyl carbon followed by a single electron redox in [substituted benzoyl/ferrocene] complexes. Moreover, when the complex contained an oxidant (substituted benzoyl cation) with higher electron affinity, the single electron redox reaction was more efficient. A correlation was established between the intensities of the two competitive product ions and the electron affinities of substituted benzoyl cations.

CONCLUSIONS

The single electron redox reaction by the [substituted benzoyl/ferrocene] complexes was proposed by CID MS and theoretical calculations, which provided potential evidence to further understand the reversible reduction characteristics of ferrocene‐containing biomaterials. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry of pollen grains and their mixtures
Authors: Weidner Steffen , Schultze Rolf‐Dieter , Enthaler Bernd
Published: March 2013

RATIONALE

The fast and univocal identification of different species in mixtures of pollen grains is still a challenge. Apart from microscopic evaluation and Raman spectroscopy, no other techniques are available.

METHODS

Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry was applied to the analysis of extracts of single pollen grains and pollen mixtures. Pollen grains were fixed, treated and covered with matrix directly on the MALDI target.

RESULTS

Clearly resolved MALDI ion intensity images could be obtained enabling the identification of single pollen grains in a mixture.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results demonstrate the potential and the suitability of MALDI imaging mass spectrometry as an additional method for the identification of pollen mixtures. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of an innovative computer‐assisted sagittal split ramus osteotomy to reduce neurosensory alterations following orthognathic surgery: a pilot study
Authors: Al‐Ahmad Hazem T. , M Saleh Mohammed W. , Hussein Ala'uddin M.
Published: March 2013

Background

Sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) can be associated with postoperative neurosensory disturbances. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of computer‐assisted SSRO in reducing the incidence and severity of neurosensory alterations, using a surgical guide fabricated by computer‐aided design and rapid prototyping (to guide bone cutting lateral to the inferior alveolar nerve).

Methods

A prospective double‐blind, randomized controlled, clinical trial of computer‐assisted SSRO vs conventional SSRO (assigned in a split‐mouth design) in eight patients, mean age 23 (range 18–30) years, who participated in one session preoperatively and three sessions at 1 week and 1, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. At each session, subjective oral sensation was scored and quantitative sensory tests were performed. Neurosensory changes were compared between the two sides.

Results

The results showed that on the computer‐assisted SSRO sides, patients had lower postoperative abnormal thresholds for the Semmes–Weinstein monofilaments on lower lip and chin (p < 0.05 at 3 months) and for the two‐point discrimination on lower lip (p < 0.05 at 1 week) and chin (p < 0.05 at 6 months), with fewer abnormal self‐reported changes in lower lip sensation (p < 0.05 at 1 week) after surgery.

Conclusions

These findings imply that computer‐assisted SSRO is associated with better levels of neurosensory function after surgery. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overcoming challenges associated with upright imaging of the cervicothoracic junction: a case report involving a novel repurposing of the O‐arm
Authors: Karahalios Dean G. , Mansour Nassir H. , Girardot Eric A. , Turner Ryan C.
Published: March 2013

Background

Prior to the mobilization of patients with spinal fractures following treatment, it is important to confirm stability in the upright position.

Methods

A patient presented with T2 and T3 vertebral body fractures visible on recumbent CT. Supine and upright plain x‐rays with additional swimmer's views were deemed suboptimal prior to mobilization. The default configuration of the O‐arm was modified to enable imaging in the upright position.

Results

Images utilizing the O‐arm were satisfactory and anatomic alignment confirmed in an upright position. It is believed that this is the first time the O‐arm has been used for upright diagnostic imaging (off‐label application). Excellent visualization of the cervicothoracic junction and upper thoracic regions was obtained in the desired upright position.

Conclusion

The O‐arm was used successfully to image spinal trauma in the upright position and may represent a new application of the device, potentially fulfilling a frequently unmet medical imaging need. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of slightly rough surfaces on the brightness temperature of the lunar regolith
Authors: Chen Ping , Huang Ping , He Yanchun , Wang Congcong , Li Qingxia , Gui Liangqi , Huang Quanliang , Lang Liang , Zheng Yongchun , Li Xiongyao , Hua Lei
Published: March 2013

Keihm [1984] made a study on the effects of the rough lunar surface on microwave brightness temperature using geometric optics (GO), which is valid only when the microwave wavelength is much smaller than the radius of curvature of the rough surface. This approach is deficient because it has no explicit wavelength dependence. The Chang'E‐1 Lunar Orbiter carried out lunar microwave remote sensing of maria where the surface can be regarded as “slightly” rough, and this has motivated our study. We model the mare regolith as a multilayer planar layered media with a slightly rough top surface, and the temperature profile is retrieved by solving the heat conduction equation. The noncoherent method is utilized to calculate the emission of the multilayer media. To calculate the effect of the rough top surface on brightness temperatures, we use the bistatic transmission coefficients by applying the second‐order small perturbation method. Using this model, the microwave brightness temperatures of the Apollo 12 area under different roughness conditions are calculated. It is shown that a slightly rough surface will increase or decrease the microwave radiative brightness temperature of the lunar regolith and that the change is related to the roughness, incidence angle, frequency, and polarization. In the case of measurements made by the Chang'E‐1 microwave radiometer, where the incidence angle is 0°, the small‐scale roughness will increase the brightness temperature of the lunar regolith.
THE DUAL NATURE OF HYDROPEAKING RIVERS: IS ECOPEAKING POSSIBLE?
Authors: Jones N. E.
Published: March 2013

Philosophically, the natural flow regime concept is tremendously appealing; however, its application can be challenging for many biologists without the expertise or resources to handle such approaches on their own. This is particularly true on hydropeaking rivers, where incorporating natural flow is sometimes challenging. Additional challenges include our limited understanding of how individual flow components relate to geomorphic and ecological processes. Supplementary to environmental flow approaches is understanding that many hydropeaking rivers are ecologically two different rivers in one: the low flow and high peaking flow. Taxa that require a narrow range of water velocities or cannot withstand rapid changes in discharge would likely be eliminated or competitively disadvantaged under such harsh environmental conditions. As the low and peak flows diverge, the two rivers become increasingly different ecologically, and there will likely be fewer taxa that can withstand such abiotic variability. Deviations from a natural flow regime may result in new constraints on certain fishes and invertebrates, but this does not necessarily mean a loss of productive fish habitat. Viewing hydropeaking rivers as two rivers in one and the risks associated with high to low flow ratios may serve as a more practical and useful perspective towards maintaining altered yet productive rivers while representing a step towards improving the management river ecosystems. © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada 2013.
Aggregation models with limited choice and the multiplicative coalescent
Authors: Bhamidi Shankar , Budhiraja Amarjit , Wang Xuan
Published: March 2013

The percolation phase transition and the mechanism of the emergence of the giant component through the critical scaling window for random graph models, has been a topic of great interest in many different communities ranging from statistical physics, combinatorics, computer science, social networks and probability theory. The last few years have witnessed an explosion of models which couple random aggregation rules, that specify how one adds edges to existing configurations, and choice, wherein one selects from a “limited” set of edges at random to use in the configuration. While an intense study of such models has ensued, understanding the actual emergence of the giant component and merging dynamics in the critical scaling window has remained impenetrable to a rigorous analysis. In this work we take an important step in the analysis of such models by studying one of the standard examples of such processes, namely the Bohman‐Frieze model, and provide first results on the asymptotic dynamics, through the critical scaling window, that lead to the emergence of the giant component for such models. We identify the scaling window and show that through this window, the component sizes properly rescaled converge to the standard multiplicative coalescent. Proofs hinge on a careful analysis of certain infinite‐type branching processes with types taking values in the space of cadlag paths, and stochastic analytic techniques to estimate susceptibility functions of the components all the way through the scaling window where these functions explode. Previous approaches for analyzing random graphs at criticality have relied largely on classical breadth‐first search techniques that exploit asymptotic connections with Brownian excursions. For dynamic random graph models evolving via general Markovian rules, such approaches fail and we develop a quite different set of tools that can potentially be used for the study of critical dynamics for all bounded size rules. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 46, 55–116, 2015
Achieving dynamic privileges in secure data sharing on cloud storage
Authors: Zhao Xingwen , Li Hui
Published: March 2013

With the rapid development of cloud computing, more and more enterprises will outsource their sensitive data for sharing in a cloud. Many data sharing and access control schemes have been submitted. However, dynamic privileges among user groups were not considered. In many circumstances, some users may have higher privileges than others, and they can decrypt more contents than those with low privileges. Moreover, the data owner may want to dynamically control the privileges in data sharing. In this paper, we present an efficient framework for data sharing system to achieve dynamic privileges, basing on chameleon hash function and one‐way function. With this framework, any data sharing and access control scheme can be turned into a dynamic privileged scheme, in which the data owner can change the group of each user dynamically and change the structure of privileges flexibly when it is needed. The proposed framework requires much less storage than previous schemes in handling dynamic privileges among the users. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Static detection of logic vulnerabilities in Java web applications
Authors: Fang Zhejun , Zhang Yuqing , Kong Ying , Liu Qixu
Published: March 2013

This paper concerns about logic vulnerabilities that result from faulty logic of a web application. Logic vulnerabilities typically accompany with the exposure of unexpected functionalities and lead to the bypass of the intended constraints. From a semantic perspective, logic vulnerabilities occur when mistakes arise in the control flows guarding the processes of invoking critical functionalities. In this paper, we propose the first lightweight static analysis approach to automatically detect logic vulnerabilities in Java web applications. Logic errors in our approach are characterized as erroneous invocations of functionalities. Program‐slicing technique has been leveraged to capture the processes of invoking critical functionalities. A back‐tracing algorithm is originally designed to extract control flows guarding functionality‐invocation processes. Finally, logic vulnerability detection is transformed into mining abnormal functionality‐invocation processes in a cluster of similar ones by comparing these processes' control flows. We implemented our approach in a prototype tool named logic vulnerability detector and evaluated it on seven real‐world applications scaled from thousands to million lines of code. The evaluation results show that our approach achieves bigger coverage with acceptable cost and better scalability than previous approaches. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CORIDS: a cluster‐oriented reward‐based intrusion detection system for wireless mesh networks
Authors: Deb Novarun , Chakraborty Manali , Chaki Nabendu
Published: March 2013

Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) are proliferating as one of the key technologies of the next‐generation networks. Security is one of the prime concerns towards actual implementation of any network technology for commercial applications. Network security has intrinsically two approaches—prevention based and detection based. Implementing firewalls or intrusion prevention techniques is often not an attractive solution for energy‐constrained network nodes such as mobile ad hoc network (MANET) nodes or mesh clients in WMNs. However, in the era of pervasive and ubiquitous computing, commercial transactions are performed on the move and over portable devices such as cell phones and laptops. These devices have energy constraints, and hence, one cannot afford to adopt security measures with high computational overhead. This influences a shift in paradigm from active intrusion prevention to passive intrusion detection. In this paper, a new cluster‐oriented reward‐based intrusion detection system (CORIDS) has been proposed for WMNs. The performance of CORIDS has been evaluated using the Qualnet network simulator. Simulation results also establish superiority of CORIDS over Misbehavior Detection Algorithm, another recent trust‐based IDS for WMN, both in terms of higher detection efficiency and lower false positives. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electric‐Field‐Induced Alignment of Block Copolymer/Nanoparticle Blends
Authors: Liedel Clemens , Schindler Kerstin A. , Pavan Mariela J. , Lewin Christian , Pester Christian W. , Ruppel Markus , Urban Volker S. , Shenhar Roy , Böker Alexander
Published: March 2013

External electric fields readily align birefringent block‐copolymer mesophases. In this study the effect of gold nanoparticles on the electric‐field‐induced alignment of a lamellae‐forming polystyrene‐block‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine) copolymer is assessed. Nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed in the styrenic phase and promote the quantitative alignment of lamellar domains by substantially lowering the critical field strength above which alignment proceeds. The results suggest that the electric‐field‐assisted alignment of nanostructured block copolymer/nanoparticle composites may offer a simple way to greatly mitigate structural and orientational defects of such films under benign experimental conditions.
Graphene: A Two‐Dimensional Platform for Lithium Storage
Authors: Han Sheng , Wu Dongqing , Li Shuang , Zhang Fan , Feng Xinliang
Published: March 2013

Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have attracted great attention due to their high energy density, low maintenance requirements, and relatively low self‐discharge. Since the electrode materials hold the key for the electrochemical performance of LIBs, the design and synthesis of unconventional electrode materials with high lithium‐storage capacities are the current focus in LIB research. In the last few years, a great deal of effort has been directed toward graphene as the electrode material for LIBs owing to its high intrinsic surface area, high electrical conductivity, and good compatibility with other electrochemically active components. This review paper outlines the componential and structural design for graphene‐based hybrids in LIBs with enhanced electrochemical performance. The typical fabrication methods and structure–property relationships of these hybrids are discussed.
Monolayer Graphene Film on ZnO Nanorod Array for High‐Performance Schottky Junction Ultraviolet Photodetectors
Authors: Nie Biao , Hu Ji‐Gang , Luo Lin‐Bao , Xie Chao , Zeng Long‐Hui , Lv Peng , Li Fang‐Ze , Jie Jian‐Sheng , Feng Mei , Wu Chun‐Yan , Yu Yong‐Qiang , Yu Shu‐Hong
Published: March 2013

A new Schottky junction ultraviolet photodetector (UVPD) is fabricated by coating a free‐standing ZnO nanorod (ZnONR) array with a layer of transparent monolayer graphene (MLG) film. The single‐crystalline [0001]‐oriented ZnONR array has a length of about 8–11 μm, and a diameter of 100∼600 nm. Finite element method (FEM) simulation results show that this novel nanostructure array/MLG heterojunction can trap UV photons effectively within the ZnONRs. By studying the I–V characteristics in the temperature range of 80–300 K, the barrier heights of the MLG film/ZnONR array Schottky barrier are estimated at different temperatures. Interestingly, the heterojunction diode with typical rectifying characteristics exhibits a high sensitivity to UV light illumination and a quick response of millisecond rise time/fall times with excellent reproducibility, whereas it is weakly sensitive to visible light irradiation. It is also observed that this UV photodetector (PD) is capable of monitoring a fast switching light with a frequency as high as 2250 Hz. The generality of the above results suggest that this MLG film/ZnONR array Schottky junction UVPD will have potential application in future optoelectronic devices.
Surface Assembly and Plasmonic Properties in Strongly Coupled Segmented Gold Nanorods
Authors: Gupta Maneesh K. , König Tobias , Near Rachel , Nepal Dhriti , Drummy Lawrence F. , Biswas Sushmita , Naik Swati , Vaia Richard A. , El‐Sayed Mostafa A. , Tsukruk Vladimir V.
Published: March 2013

An assembly strategy is reported such that segmented nanorods fabricated through template‐assisted methods can be robustly transferred and tethered to a pre‐functionalized substrate with excellent uniformity over large surface areas. After embedding the rods, sacrificial nickel segments were selectively etched leaving behind strongly coupled segmented gold nanorods with gaps between rods below 40 nm and as small as 2 nm. Hyper‐spectral imaging is utilized to measure Rayleigh scattering spectra from individual and coupled nanorod elements in contrast to common bulk measurements. This approach discerns the effects of not only changing segment and gap size but also the presence of characteristic defects on the plasmonic coupling between closely spaced nanorods. Polarized hyper‐spectral measurements are conducted to provide direct observation of the anisotropic plasmonic resonance modes in individual and coupled nanorods, which are close to those predicted by computer simulations for nanorods with ideal shapes. Some common deviations from ideal shape such as non‐flat facets and asymmetric tails are demonstrated to result in the appearance of characteristic plasmon resonances, which have not been considered before. The large‐scale assembly of coupled noble nanostructures with fine control over geometry and high uniformity provides means to strongly tune the scattering, absorption, and near‐field plasmonic properties through the geometric arrangement of precisely controlled nanorod segments.
Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 Regulates the Self-Renewal and Pluripotency of Human Embryonic Stem Cells Via the Control of the G1/S Transition
Authors: Choi Hong Seo , Lee Hyun Min , Jang Young-Joo , Kim Cheorl-Ho , Ryu Chun Jeih
Published: March 2013

Self-renewal and pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are a complex biological process for maintaining hESC stemness. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these special properties of hESCs are not fully understood. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (hnRNP A2/B1) is a multifunctional RNA-binding protein whose expression is related to cell proliferation and carcinogenesis. In this study, we found that hnRNP A2/B1 expression was localized to undifferentiated hESCs and decreased upon differentiation of hESCs. hnRNP A2/B1 knockdown reduced the number of alkaline phosphatase-positive colonies in hESCs and led to a decrease in the expression of pluripotency-associated transcription factors OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2, indicating that hnRNP A2/B1 is essential for hESC self-renewal and pluripotency. hnRNP A2/B1 knockdown increased the expression of gene markers associated with the early development of three germ layers, and promoted the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, suggesting that hnRNP A2/B1 is required for maintaining the undifferentiated and epithelial phenotypes of hESCs. hnRNP A2/B1 knockdown inhibited hESC proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase before differentiation via degradation of cyclin D1, cyclin E, and Cdc25A. hnRNP A2/B1 knockdown increased p27 expression and induced phosphorylation of p53 and Chk1, suggesting that hnRNP A2/B1 also regulates the G1/S transition of hESC cell cycle through the control of p27 expression and p53 and Chk1 activity. Analysis of signaling molecules further revealed that hnRNP A2/B1 regulated hESC proliferation in a PI3K/Akt-dependent manner. These findings provide for the first time mechanistic insights into how hnRNP A2/B1 regulates hESC self-renewal and pluripotency. STEM Cells  2013;31:2647–2658
Probe Design for the Effective Fluorescence Imaging of Intracellular RNA
Authors: Hayashi Gosuke , Okamoto Akimitsu
Published: March 2013

Over the past two decades, the spatiotemporal analysis of fluorescently labeled single RNA species has provided a broad insight into the synthesis, localization, degradation, and transport of RNA. To elucidate the dynamic behavior of functional RNAs in living cells, researchers throughout the world have proposed numerous fluorometric strategies for intracellular RNA imaging. Because, like most other biological molecules, RNA is intrinsically nonfluorescent, the development of methods for the labeling of RNAs of interest with fluorescent molecules is essential. Several artificial tag sequences have been attached onto the 3′ end of target RNAs and used as scaffolds for interacting with their fluorescent counterparts. In this Personal Account, we focus on the methods that have been developed to show how RNAs expressed in cells can be labeled and visualized by fluorescent proteins, small molecules, or nucleic acids. Each of these methods is designed to increase the sensitivity and specificity for imaging or to decrease the background fluorescence.
Synthesis, Structures, Electrochemistry, and Spectroscopy of Two Ruthenium(II) Complexes Containing [1, 2, 3]Tri­azolo[1, 5‐a]pyridine
Authors: Xiang Jing , Wu Jia‐Shou
Published: March 2013

Treatment of 3‐(2‐pyridyl)1,2,3triazolo[1, 5‐a]pyridine (L1) with [RuII(CO)(PPh3)3(H)2] or [RuII(DMSO)4(Cl)2] produced the mononuclear compounds [RuII(L1)(CO)(H)(PPh3)2](PF6) (1) and [RuII(L1)3](PF6)2 (2), respectively, which were characterized by IR, UV, CV, and 1H NMR spectroscopy as well as ESI mass spectrometry. The crystal structure of 1 was determined by X‐ray crystallography and the luminescence properties of both compounds were investigated.
A perturbative framework for jet quenching
Authors: Zapp Korinna C. , Krauss Frank , Wiedemann Urs A.
Published: March 2013

Abstract

We present a conceptually new framework for describing jet evolution in the dense medium produced in ultra-relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions using perturbative QCD and its implementation into the Monte Carlo event generator Jewel. The rescattering of hard partons in the medium is modelled by infrared continued pQCD matrix elements supplemented with parton showers. The latter approximate higher order real-emission matrix elements and thus generate medium-induced gluon emissions. The interplay between different emissions is governed by their formation times. The destructive interference between subsequent scattering processes, the non-Abelian version of the Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal effect, is also taken into account. In this way the complete radiation pattern is consistently treated in a uniform way. Results obtained within this minimal and theoretically well constrained framework are compared with a variety of experimental data susceptible to jet-quenching effects at both RHIC and the LHC. Overall, a good agreement between data and simulation is found. This new framework also allows to identify and quantify the dominant uncertainties in the simulation, and we show some relevant examples for this.
Light and soil moisture effects on biomass and its allocation in Osmorhiza depauperata Philippi (Apiaceae)
Authors: Selzer Luciano Javier , Lencinas María Vanessa , Martínez‐Pastur Guillermo José , Busso Carlos Alberto
Published: March 2013

Changes in forest openings affect light quality and quantity, and the magnitude of rainfall that reaches the soil surface. Osmorhiza depauperata, a geophyte, acclimates to changes imposed because of forest openings. We studied which changes in biomass allocation allow acclimation of O. depauperata to the various environments that this species inhabits, and where it develops better. Three light intensities (I4 = 4 %, I26 = 26 %, I64 = 64 % of ambient sunlight) and two moisture levels (M40 = 40–60 %, M80 = 80–100 % field capacity) were evaluated on O. depauperata under greenhouse conditions. Plant biomasses per pot were 0.81, 0.56 and 0.48 g at I26, I4 and I64 light intensities, respectively, after one growing season. The biomass allocation to aboveground tissues and leaf area decreased as light intensity increased. Soil moisture modified only belowground biomass and weight of fine roots. The interaction between soil moisture content and light intensity was consistent. This was because of a significant reduction in total plant biomass under high both soil moisture content and high light intensity. Osmorhiza depauperata growth was favored most at medium light intensities. Changes in biomass allocation among various organs allow this species to inhabit forest habitats with different light intensities.
A predictive spatial model for gray wolf (Canis lupus) denning sites in a human‐dominated landscape in western Iran
Authors: Ahmadi Mohsen , Kaboli Mohammad , Nourani Elham , Alizadeh Shabani Afshin , Ashrafi Sohrab
Published: March 2013

Predictive models of species denning habitat are useful for understanding distribution of core use areas and identifying areas with potential conflicts. Wolf den site selection in unmanaged areas with dominance of agriculture‐lands and human disturbance is not completely understood. We used a GIS multivariate model based on the Mahalanobis distance statistic and 11 digital habitat layers to evaluate gray wolf denning site suitability in Hamedan province (HP), western Iran. Results showed that >74 % of dens occurred in potential denning sites that occupied 14 % (2,785 km2) of the study area. Based on sensitivity analysis with ROC, we found that the distance to rangelands, elevation, and distance to roads, human settlements and streams were the most predictive variables. Our potential distribution model of wolf den sites showed a very good overall performance according to classification accuracy and discrimination capacity. Denning in elevated rugged terrains adjacent to rangelands and away from roads and villages revealed that wolf den distribution in HP is highly influenced primarily by factors associated with human disturbance. The derived predicted distribution map can be used to prioritize areas for conservation, identify areas with potential conflicts, and to implement adaptive management in regions beyond wilderness and protected areas.
Chemo‐enzymatic Synthesis of Novel β‐Hydroxy‐β‐methylbutryric Acid (HMB)–Medium Chain Triacylglycerol (MCT) Complexes
Authors: Cheong Ling‐Zhi , Widzisz Katarzyna , Wang Yingyao , Jensen Henrik Helligsø , Theil Peter Kappel , Guo Zheng , Xu Xuebing
Published: March 2013

β‐Hydroxy‐β‐methylbutyrate (HMB) is reported to have ergogenic benefits such as reducing muscle wasting, promoting exercise performance and skeletal muscle hypertrophy. When used as a dietary feed, it has been found to improve colostral milk fat and the growth of piglets. Medium chain triacylglycerols (MCT) are a good energy source as they can be subjected to β‐oxidation in the liver without being stored as fats. When used as animal feed, HMB–MCT complexes are reported to stimulate growth and produce leaner meat product. A high yield two‐steps chemo‐enzymatic pathway for synthesis of HMB–MCT complexes has been developed. Ethyl HMB ester was first synthesized using a chemical catalyst. Following that, it was transesterified with MCT by using a biocatalyst. Approximately 85 wt% of HMB–MCT complexes can be achieved using this two‐step synthetic pathway. The reaction mechanism and some of the reaction parameters were also briefly elucidated.