bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Costs We Don’t Think About: Rubrication and Illumination
Authors: Harris Neil
Published: February 2020

Rubrication, or the hand-finishing of manuscripts and (very) early printed books, falls between several areas of competence; however, it often tells us important things about the book and its early history; it also had a cost, and in description it is important to distinguish between ‘professional’ and ‘amateur’ rubrication. A copy of a Venetian incunable printed in 1474 in the collections of the Boston Public Library has on its final leaf a contemporary rubricator’s note, with the summary of the costs of illumination and rubrication. The edition concerned was maybe sold through theZornaleof Francesco de Madiis, the ledger of a Venetian bookseller, which records the sales of some 25,000 books between 1484 and 1488. These sales, however, mostly concerned books sold as unbound sheets, though occasionally bound copies are recorded with a consequent increase in price. Discovering the expense of rubrication and illumination, albeit in this one instance, makes it possible to understand better the real cost of purchasing a 15th-century book.
«Heredes de Plauto stampadore deno avere infrascritte robe e dinari»
Authors: Gatti Elena
Published: February 2020

Two archival sources of the late 15th century allow to outline some considerations and comparisons between the cost of living and book prices in Bologna. The first reports books stored in Bologna by the printer/bookseller Francesco Platone de’ Benedetti during his lifetime; the second, the most important for this study-case, reports the prices and sales of those books made by his heirs.
«Emptus Ferrarie». I prezzi del libro a stampa nella città estense fra Quattro e primi del Cinquecento
Authors: Tinti Paolo
Published: February 2020

During the second half of the 15th century Ferrara, with the Este Court as well as the University and many professionals in law and medicine was an active centre in book circulation, use and - of course - selling. At the end of 15th century, the book market, besides the manuscript production prepared for the Este family and its entourage, was dominated by the cheapest hand-printed editions, also purchased by nobles (such as the Pio princes of Carpi) as well as by professors, doctors, judges and so on. This essay starts from the analytical study of book prices recorded in well known lists never examined before in this respect, then it focuses on purchasing notes in surviving copies, and archival documents. Book prices found in these three kinds of sources will be related not only to different moments in the purchase by the same owner but also to prices paid for everyday life goods in Ferrara at the time of Borso and Ercole I. This will offer a more precise idea of the average book price at the time, and of how much money was spent on books compared to that spent for something else.
The Memmingen Book Network
Authors: Bolton Claire
Published: February 2020

This paper uses book provenance information from the town of Memmingen in southern Germany as a basis for discovering its book trade history. It brings together this information with that of some earlier writers to throw light on the scholarly book network that grew in the town, the book buyers and owners, and the book producers with their supporting trades, in Memmingen in the second half of the fifteenth century. It will look at who the buyers were, what they bought, how books were traded, from where their books had come, and, where possible, how much the books cost. The prices of books are put into context of known living costs of the period.
Tra il libro manoscritto e l’edizione a stampa in Catalogna nella seconda metà del XV secolo (1450-1500)
Authors: Iglesias Fonseca J. Antoni
Published: February 2020

The first books published in Catalonia and the notarial documents preserved have brought to light the names of the first printers and booksellers of late medieval Catalonia. In order to present the situation of book production from 1473 onwards, we offer information on the first identified Catalan incunable, the first dated Catalan incunable, the first incunable in Catalan, the oldest printing shop, etc; about the first known printers, many of foreign origin; about the book trade and its main actors; about the first editors and their profile; about the prices of books; including the reproduction of many of the mentioned specimens and relevant bibliography.
Visual Interpretation of the ISTC
Authors: Prickman Gregory
Published: February 2020

The Atlas of Early Printing is an online resource built with GIS tools to depict the spread and development of printing during the incunable period in Europe. It has been online since 2008 and continues to be developed. The site uses data from the Incunabula Short Title Catalog (ISTC) and other sources, providing a visualisation of the databases from which the data is retrieved. The data being visualised is the result of many decades of cataloguing, arranging, publishing, and migrating; the work that followed was informed by material constraints and has left material traces. For the ISTC, an important period in the development of data formats was the work Margaret Bingham Stillwell undertook from 1924 to 1940 for the bibliography Incunabula in American Libraries, a Second Census. The data she gathered were meticulously coordinated through mailing campaigns and organised on cards, and then translated into print according to the publisher’s requirements. The decisions underlying Stillwell’s descriptions were migrated to Frederick Goff’s Third Census and eventually directly into the first version of the ISTC. The structures she developed serve as the foundation for modern efforts to expand beyond the limitations of the short-title format, and to provide the data for geographic and other visualisations.
The Incunabula Short Title Catalogue (ISTC)
Authors: Goldfinch John , Limper-Herz Karen
Published: February 2020

From its foundation in 1980, the ISTC has been one of the most important international reference sources for incunabula studies. Based on a merger of F.R. Goff’s Incunabula in North American Libraries: A Third Census and the Indice Generale degli Incunaboli delle Biblioteche d’Italia, it aimed to be a comprehensive list both of 15th-century editions and of surviving copies of incunabula. While maintaining its original purpose, it has striven to take advantage of new partnerships and technical innovations to ensure its continued utility as a cornerstone of incunabula research. Managed by the British Library in London and hosted by CERL, the ISTC continues to rely on cooperation and partnership from holding institutions and researchers worldwide. Free since 2003, the ISTC can be used as a simple guide to editions and copies, but also as a dataset enabling researchers to look at 15th-century printing in new ways. After briefly looking at the ISTC’s history, this essay focuses on new developments made to the database, highlighting its continued relevance and potential to support traditional incunabula research as well as new projects, and its managers’ intention and flexibility to improve the file in response to its users’ feedback.
Factors Affecting Survival in Patients with Breast Cancer in Hamedan Province from 2001 to 2018
Authors: Najafi Rasoul , Amiri Fatemeh , Roshanaei Ghodrat , Abbasi Mohammad , Razi Mahdi
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and one of the leading causes of death in women. Identification of factors affecting the survival rate of these patients is important for the prevention of breast cancer progression and better treatment.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study was performed on 493 women with breast cancer referred to Imam Khomeini clinic in Hamadan between 2001 and 2018. The Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazard model were used to estimate the survival rate and factors affecting patient survival. All analyses were performed using SPSS 21.
Results: The mean (standard deviation) age of the patients was 49.75 (11.34) years, and the 5- and 10-year survival rates were 61% and86%, respectively. The Cox proportional hazards model showed a significant relationship between age(HR (%95 CI)=1.53(1.23-2.78)) and tumor size (HR (%95 CI)=1.49(1.16-2.89)) and mortality risk (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Age and tumor size are associated with survival in patients with breast cancer. Therefore, increasing women’s awareness of the benefits of periodic examinations and early diagnosis can contribute to early detection of the disease and improved survival.
Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Sexual Desire in Women with Breast Cancer after Mastectomy
Authors: Jabalameli Sheida , Ghasemi Leila
Published: February 2020

Introduction: The effects of breast cancer and mastectomy on sexuality, an important aspect of personality, emphasize the need for psychological treatments. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on sexual desire in breast cancer patients after mastectomy.
Methods: This was a semiexperimental study with an experimental and a control group with a pretest-posttest design. The statistical population included all women with breast cancer in the Isfahan province who had come to Alla charity center in 2017. A sample of 26 women with breast cancer was selected through available sampling and assigned randomly to two groups of 13 subjects each. The experimental group received ACT over 8 sessions and the control group remained on the waiting list until the end of the study. The measurement tool was the Hurlbert Index of Sexual Desire administered before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed with SPSS 16 using an analysis of covariance test.
Results: There was a significant difference in the mean scores on sexual desire between the two groups (F = 7.99, p = 0.014). The mean score on sexual desire improved from 0.85 to 1.23 in the treatment group, but there was no change in the control group (1.17 in the pretest vs 1.16 in the posttest). In general, ACT was effective in improving sexual desire in patients (p < 0.05, effect size: 0.48).
Conclusion: In general, according to the findings of this research, ACT seems to be effective in improving psychological problems in women with breast cancer.
Exercise and Heart Rate Variability in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Farajivafa Vahid , Khosravi Nasim , Molanouri Shamsi Mahdieh , Agha-Alinejad Hamid
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Heart rate variability (HRV) is negatively associated with mortality. Decrease in HRV is common in cancer patients. The association between HRV and general survival in cancer patients has made HRV a valuable biomarker for evaluation of the disease prognosis. Exercise is considered an interventional strategy to improve various outcomes in cancer patients. The present paper provides a descriptive review of the literature regarding the effect of exercise interventions on HRV in cancer patients.
Methods: A systematic search was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines in PubMed and Google Scholar, from inception since 1950 till October 15, 2018. The terms exercise, training, cancer, neoplasms, heart rate variability, and HRV were used in the search. Eligible studies were those trials using structured exercise intervention and having untrained adult cancer patients. Only English-language papers were included in the review.
Results: Eight studies were included in the review. Of the various HRV parameters, 2 in the time domain (SDNN and RMSSD) and 3 in the frequency domain (LF, HF, and LF/HF) were commonly reported in the studies. Exercise intervention increased SDNN, RMSSD, and HF in all the studies, although the difference did not reach statistical significance in some cases. The results regarding LF and LF/HF were not consistent.
Conclusion: In general, exercise intervention can improve HRV in cancer patients. It is suggested that SDNN, RMSSD, and HF parameters be used in the evaluation of exercise effects on HRV because these parameters a) have prognostic value and b) more suitably reflect the effects of exercise training in these patients.
Assessing Self-efficacy for Coping with Cancer: Psychometric Analysis of the Cancer Behavior Inventory (CBI)
Authors: Karamoozian Mahsa , Kalantari Khandani Behjat , Bagheri Masoud , Dehghanifar Farzad , Darekordi Ali
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Self-efficacy refers to an individual’s belief in their capacity to execute a specific behavior. Believing that individuals themselves are responsible for their health can lead to the adoption of health behaviors. This study aimed to conduct a confirmatory factor analysis of a Cancer Behavior Inventory (CBI) for Iranian female breast cancer patients.
Methods: This was a descriptive-analytic study. First, we establishing the content and face validity of the instrument. Then, 345 breast cancer patients were selected from cancer treatment centers of Kerman city by convenience sampling to evaluate the psychometric properties of the instrument. The participants completed the CBI and the General Self-efficacy Scale. The instrument validity was assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (structural validity) and correlational methods (concurrent validity), and the internal and external reliability were evaluated by calculating Cronbach’s alpha coefficients and using the test-retest method, respectively. Analyses were performed using SPSS 19 and AMOS software packages.
Results: Confirmatory factor analysis of the 31-item questionnaire, consisting of 7 subscales, was conducted after removing items 3 and 5. A significant correlation between each subscale and the General Self-efficacy Scale and also between the overall scale and the General Self-efficacy Scale confirmed the concurrent validity of the questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed based on a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient value of 0.75 (ranging from 0.69 to 0.74 for the seven factors). The 1-month test-retest reliability, assessed by readministering the test to 30 cancer patients, ranged between 0.67 and 0.74 (P < 0.01), which shows acceptable reliability of the CBI over time.
Conclusion: The CBI has acceptable validity and reliability. The seven factors extracted for the CBI matched those identified in the original version. The present study introduces a tool that can be useful in assessing and evaluating the self-efficacy of breast cancer patients during treatment.
Ergenlik Çağında Özel Gereksinimli Çocuğu Olan Annelerin Aile Stresörleri İle Başa Çıkma Durumlarının İncelenmesi
Authors: DEĞİRMENCİ Gizem Yağmur , DEMİRCİOĞLU Haktan
Published: February 2020

Ergenlik
dönemi biyolojik değişimler ile başlayan, psikolojik ve sosyolojik değişimleri
de içeren önemli bir yaşam dönemidir. Ergenlik çağındaki bireylerin anne ve
babalarının deneyimledikleri stres sıklıkla araştırma konusu edinilmiştir.
Ancak ergenlik çağında olan özel gereksinimli bireylerin ebeveynlerinin aile
stresörlerine ilişkin yaşantıları ile ilgili yeterince bilgi bulunmamaktadır.
Çalışmalar nispeten özel gereksinimliliğin daha yeni tanımlanmış olduğu erken
çocukluk yıllarına odaklanmaktadır. Amaç:
Bu çalışmanın amacı ergenlik çağında özel gereksinimli çocuğu olan
annelerin aile stresörleri ile başa çıkma durumlarının incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmanın evreni
Ankara ilinde ikamet eden ve ergenlik çağında özel gereksinimliliği bulunan çocukların
anneleridir. Çocuğu Ankara ili merkez ilçelerinde bulunan altı özel eğitim
mesleki eğitim merkezine devam eden 116 anne araştırmanın çalışma grubunu
oluşturmuştur. Sonuçlar: Özel
gereksinimli çocuğa sahip olmanın aile stresörleri üzerindeki etkisinin
araştırıldığı güncel araştırma sonuçlarına göre sahip olunan çocuğun yaşı ve
cinsiyeti, sahip olunan çocuk sayısı ve engelin türü ile stresörler arasında
ilişki saptanmamıştır. Bu durum özel gereksinimli çocuğun ergenlik çağına
ulaşıncaya dek annenin geliştirdiği stresle başa çıkma mekanizmalarının
etkililiği ile açıklanabilir.  Ancak
ergenlik çağında özel gereksinimli çocuğu olan annelerin çalışma durumu, yardım
alabileceği birinin varlığı, orta yaşta olma, eğitim düzeyi ve hanenin gelir
düzeyinin etkisi devam ettiği görülmektedir. Bu bakımdan ergenlik çağında özel
gereksinimli çocuğu olan annelerin sosyal destek mekanizmalarının
güçlendirilmeye ihtiyacı olduğu görülmektedir.
Fibromiyaljili Kadınlarda Aktivite Performansı, Yaşam Memnuniyeti, Özür ve Ruhsal Durum İlişkilerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: EKİCİ Gamze , ÖNDEŞ Aylin , BÜLBÜL Özgür
Published: February 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışma, fibromiyaljili kadınlarda aktivite performansı, yaşam
memnuniyeti, özür ve ruhsal durum ilişkilerinin incelenmesi amacıyla planlandı.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya, 47 Fibromiyalji Sendrom’lu (FMS) kadın dahil
edilerek sosyodemografik bilgileri kaydedildi. Bireylerin aktivite
performansları Kanada Aktivite Performans Ölçümü, yaşam memnuniyetleri Yaşam
Memnuniyeti Anketi, ruhsal durum Hastane Anksiyete Depresyon Skalası ve özür Yeniden
Gözden Geçirilmiş Fibromiyalji Etki Anketi (YFEA)  ile değerlendirilerek bu
parametreler arasındaki ilişkiler incelendi. Sonuçlar: Elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda, YFEA’ya
göre semptomlar arttıkça anksiyete (r=0.440,p=0.002)  ve depresyon (r=0.290,p=0.048)  bulgularının olumsuz etkilendiği; ayrıca
bireylerin aktivite memnuniyetleri ile anksiyete bulguları (r=0.298,p=0.042) ve
toplam YFEA’ya göre FMS’nin oluşturduğu özür düzeyi ile depresyon bulguları
arasındaki korelasyon (r=0.302,p=0.039) ortaya koyuldu. Aynı zamanda, yaşam
memnuniyeti ile hem FMS semptomlarının (r=-0.312,p=0.033) hem de depresyon
bulgularının (r=-0.391,p=0.007) negatif yönde ilişkili olduğu görüldü. Tartışma: Semptomlar şiddetlendikçe, aktivite ve yaşamdan duyulan memnuniyet
azaldıkça FMS’li kadınlarda ruhsal durumun olumsuz etkilendiğini gördük.
Dolayısıyla FMS semptomlarına odaklanırken, ruhsal durumun gözden kaçırılmaması
gerektiği sonucuna varıldı. Ortaya koyulan bu ilişkilere rağmen geniş örneklem
gruplarının dahil edileceği ileri çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
Methodological Potential of F. Schleiermacher’s Hermeneutical Theory (Based on the Analysis of Light and Darkness Concepts in S. Rushdie’s Novel “Joseph Anton” and Seasons in H. Adams’s Novel “The Education of Henry Adams”)
Authors: Gashkova Viktoriya Aleksandrovna
Published: February 2020

The article considers such issues as the place of the author’s intention in the structure of an autobiographical novel and the scientist’s intuitive perception. The problem of manifestation of the author’s objective and intuitive intention is examined. It is proved that apparently obvious oppositions found in Salman Rushdie’s novel “Joseph Anton” and Henry Adams’s novel “The Education of Henry Adams” have undergone artistic transformation. The detailed analysis of the basic oppositions in the novels by S. Rushdie and H. Adams is conducted in the context of Friedrich Schleiermacher’s hermeneutical theory, which is relevant for modern literary criticism.
Motive of Silence in the Novel “February Shadows” by E. Reichart
Authors: Shastina Elena Mikhailovna
Published: February 2020

The article examines the functioning of the silence motive in the novel “February Shadows” by the modern Austrian authoress Elisabeth Reichart. It is shown that the silence motive is represented in the novel at different levels - at the conceptual level as a typical feature of the Austrian mentality of the second half of the XX century (ontological silence) and at the storyline level as the personages’ communicative and behavioural strategy. The findings have allowed the researcher to reveal the peculiarities of the author’s individual style. The study resulted in identifying the basic conceptual themes, which formed the meaningful structure of the silence motive in the novel (oblivion, loneliness, guilt, protest, communicative failure, etc.).
Derivational Potential of Synonymous Verbs Ощущать (Perceive) and Чувствовать (Feel): Comparative Analysis
Authors: Guo Lin
Published: February 2020

The article is devoted to the problem of functional differentiation of synonymous deictic verbs ощущать (to perceive) and чувствовать (to feel). Comparison of their word-formative clusters and contextual analysis of speech usage of their derivatives allowed the researcher to identify correlation of lexico-semantic variants and derivatives. The conclusion is made about higher word-formative potential of the second lexeme (23 and 45 derivatives correspondingly). It is shown that among derivatives of the verb чувствовать , words with the meaning “experience emotional state” prevail, whereas the meaning “understand intuitively” is most frequent among derivatives of the verb ощущать.
Lexical and Semantic Repetition in the Play “Sun Line” by I. A. Vyrypaev
Authors: Egidareva Arina Dmitrievna , Zhuravleva Kira Anatol'evna
Published: February 2020

The article examines the functions of lexical and syntactic repetition in the play “Sun Line” by I. A. Vyrypaev, which has not previously attracted researchers’ attention. The research methodology includes the structural analysis method, the descriptive method, the generalization method and the classification method. Ways of linguistic arrangement of repetition are described. The functions of repetition in the play - emotional-intensifying, accentuating and structure-formative ones - are identified. It is shown that lexical and syntactic repetition serves as a text-formative dominant and contributes largely to the play’s poetical originality.
On the Problem of Semantic Arrangement of Media Texts (by the Example of Click-Bait Headlines of “The Guardian” Online Newspaper)
Authors: Gavrikova Olesya Anatol'evna
Published: February 2020

The study is conducted within the framework of the cognitive-pragmatic approach and is based on the analysis of text semantic arrangement. The paper aims to examine realization of the informative function of media texts under click-bait headlines. The English-language online newspaper “The Guardian” served as a source of empirical material. Click-bait headlines were chosen by the continuous sampling method. At the next stage, news media texts were analysed in terms of thematic progression. The findings justified the hypothesis that news media texts under click-bait headlines preserve their informative function, which is realized taking into account certain peculiarities of click-bait headlines.
Specificity of Translating Highly Specialized Terminology of the Subject Area “Financial Market Analysis”
Authors: Pankova Tat'yana Nikolaevna
Published: February 2020

The article reveals peculiarities of translation in a highly specific subject area. Specialized translation is considered as deep convergence of national and cultural conceptual spheres. Relevance of the problem of translating special vocabulary of the subject area “financial market analysis” from English into Russian is emphasized. Translating terminology as an integral system requires taking into account systematicity, logical correlation and interdependence of its components. That’s why it’s not always possible to transfer adequately the original term meaning while translating financial vocabulary. The analysis of terminological units of the subject area “financial market analysis” is conducted with a view to identify development trends and to reveal an internal potential of this vocabulary.
Translation of Means of Emotiveness from English into Russian in the Novel “Me before You” by J. Moyes
Authors: Gatsura Natal'ya Igorevna
Published: February 2020

The article examines the problem of observing principles of equivalence and adequacy as a prerequisite for qualitative literary translation of means of emotiveness from English into Russian. The author describes techniques to translate emotive vocabulary and emotive syntax, analyses the translator’s solutions regarding each particular group of emotives. Scientific originality of the study involves identifying correlation between types of emotives functioning in the English-language literary text and techniques of their translation into Russian.
Comprehensive Analysis of Procedural Phraseological Units in the Russian-Language and English-Language Fiction
Authors: Kulakovich Mariya Sergeevna
Published: February 2020

The article provides a comparative analysis of procedural phraseological units in the modern Russian-language and English-language fiction. A seme analysis (description of categorial and sub-categorial semes) and a structural analysis of phraseological units are conducted, their positive and negative connotation is considered. The conclusions are made about differences and similarities of stable units in the languages under study. The differences are explained from the viewpoint of specificity of national mentality.
Developing Non-Linguistic Students’ Speech Skills Using the Techniques to Produce Witty Remarks
Authors: Belkina Elena Pavlovna
Published: February 2020

The article examines the ways to develop the English-speaking skills among students of “Tourism” training area using the techniques to produce witty remarks. The techniques are illustrated by the examples of short jokes taken from the American sources. The author suggests two types of exercises on the short humorous text, which humorous effect is based on ambiguity and misinterpretation. Examples of tasks are provided. Methodological recommendations on work with jokes are given and the necessity to use humour at the lessons is justified.
Time Management Techniques at Foreign-Language Practical Lessons at Medical Higher School
Authors: Gorelik Polina Leonidovna , Boyal'skaya Tat'yana Aleksandrovna , Bryukhovskaya Lyudmila Grigor'evna
Published: February 2020

The article examines peculiarities of time management in pedagogy. Having analysed the accepted lesson-planning practice, the authors conclude that the basic problem consists in neglecting students’ role in educational process. To solve this problem, original methodological techniques are suggested. Summarizing practical experience of teaching the English and Latin languages at medical higher school, the authors present original time-management techniques, which allow correctly arranging the lesson stages taking into account peculiarities of students’ memory and attention.
Walt Disney Strategy as an Interdisciplinary Learning Activity for Communication and Critical Thinking Skills Development
Authors: Martynova Tatyana Alexandrovna , Orlova Elena Vladimirovna
Published: February 2020

Methodology of interdisciplinary learning and teaching in higher education is a topical issue yet underinvestigated. Theoretical and empirical studies shed light mainly on conceptual questions of interdisciplinary education and describe general methods and techniques. This paper aims to represent experiential methodology of using Walt Disney strategy adapted for an interdisciplinary learning goal in the English language and communication course at bachelor level in business school. The methodology focuses on the development of critical thinking and problem-solving skills integrated with language and communication skills. This paper contributes to research on interdisciplinary methodology and teaching a foreign language based on Walt Disney strategy which has not been interpreted for this purpose in the professional literature before.
Mysterial World of A. Tarkovsky’s Poem “I Am a Shade among Those Shades...”
Authors: Ibatullina Guzel' Mrtazovna , Kosterkina Ol'ga Vasil'evna
Published: February 2020

The article examines mysterial principles of description in A. Tarkovsky’s poem “I Am a Shade among Those Shades…”. Tarkovsky’s poetical work is for the first time analysed in such an aspect, and this fact determines relevance and scientific originality of the paper. It is noted that the system of mythological and symbolic images and motives, dynamics of the hero’s consciousness formation, specificity of the chronotope correlate with mysterial poetics. The researchers show that the text artistic paradigm at all the levels of its poetical structure is organized according to the logic of mysterial world vision. Contrary to ancient mysteries where path completion is accentuated, Tarkovsky’s poem emphasizes Path itself as a state of continuous dialogue with Truth and Existence.
Romanticism Epoch - Artwork Directions
Authors: Demchenko Aleksandr Ivanovich
Published: February 2020

В рубрике От главного редактора продолжается публикация большой серии художественно-исторических эссе, в которых последовательно рассматриваются крупнейшие эпохи. Эти обзоры призваны наметить панораму эволюции человечества в призме реалий всех видов искусства с выходом на онтологические обобщения. В предыдущих эссе были рассмотрены Древний мир и Античность, Средневековье, Возрождение, Барокко, Просвещение.
Epagomenal Days of the Ancient Egyptian Calendar
Authors: Panov Maxim Vyacheslavovich
Published: February 2020

The article describes peculiarities of the ancient Egyptian calendar, in particular, insertion of five epagomenal days after twelve months. Using historical and mythological material from different periods the author examines differences between regular and epagomenal days, identifies possible date errors in a balance sheet of the late Ramesside period, where epagomenal days are not given in the end-of-year period, but in the period at the beginning of the year. The source study is based on the author’s translations of a large number of documents; fragments of the papyri Leiden I 346 and Cairo JE 86637 dating to the XIV-XIII centuries BC are provided in the supplement.
“Indirect Military Operations” Theory and Possibilities for Its Use under Modern Conditions
Authors: Sedykh Tat'yana Nikolaevna
Published: February 2020

The article aims to examine the “indirect military operations” theory, to analyse the mechanisms of its practical usage at the modern stage of the society development and to identify potential dangers for Russia. Theoretical and methodological basis of the research includes the studies of the American “RAND Corporation” experts and the Serbian experts-analysts. The conducted analysis indicates the growing interest of political actors in the development of new “indirect military operations” strategies under conditions of tightening competition in the global political arena. In conclusion, the author identifies potential dangers Russia can face due to military net operations against it, justifies the necessity to develop an efficient strategy to resist “negative social manipulation”.
Confessional Situation in Sevastopol at the Turn of the XIX-XX Centuries
Authors: Beloglazov Roman Nikolaevich , Osipovskii Semen Nikolaevich
Published: February 2020

The article describes the basic trends and tendencies of the confessional situation in Sevastopol at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. It is shown that in the mentioned period, the Russian Orthodox Church dominated in terms of the total number of believers and parishes, which is natural taking into account confessional and national affiliation of the majority of the citizens and the fact that Orthodoxy had support at the state level. At the same time, there existed a considerable number of religious communities of ethnical minorities and sects. Because of growing attention to the issues of confessional tolerance and right of conscience in the Russian Empire, the local authorities tried to create favourable conditions for their development, which contributed to the efficiency of national and confessional policy.
The Chinese One-Stroke Technique in the Russian Art
Authors: Wang Yunshang
Published: February 2020

The Chinese visual art, the valuable heritage of human civilization, influenced considerably the European art. At the same time, the Chinese philosophy of art offered the world a new understanding of the artistic conception - the painter’s thoughts, feelings and wishes were directly represented in pictures. The article analyses the basic principles of the Chinese one-stroke technique and provides examples of how this technique influenced the Russian painters’ creative work. The main differences between the Chinese and European visual arts are considered.
Specificity of Artistic Image-Symbol Interpretation in the Light of Change of Cultural-Historical Epochs
Authors: Maleko Elena Valer'evna
Published: February 2020

The article examines peculiarities of image-symbol interpretation in the light of change of cultural-historical epochs. The paper presents a survey of the existing views on images-symbols. The problem of interpreting the deeper meanings of artistic images is identified and analysed by the example of the horse image, which is widely used in global art. The author emphasizes the necessity for the contextual analysis that reveals image-symbol meanings, which promotes more objective perception of artistic language.
Alessandro Magnasco and T. Adorno’s Theory of Modernism
Authors: Rykov Anatolii Vladimirovich
Published: February 2020

The article provides interpretation of Alessandro Magnasco’s (1667-1749) creative work in the context of T. Adorno’s theory of modernism. The Italian painter’s art is analysed through the prism of Frankfurt school theoretical conceptions - “nature conquest” project, rational irrationalism, new archaic, crisis of meaning. T. Adorno’s approaches are compared with other modernistic approaches to art (Clement Greenberg, Werner Hofmann). The researcher concludes that Magnasco’s “modernistic strategies”, tendency to emphasize the formal element should be considered from the viewpoint of the post-structuralist model of deconstruction anticipated in T. Adorno’s works.
Missionary Activity of the Tatar Mullahs in the Middle Volga Region in the Second Half of the XIX - at the Beginning of the XX Century
Authors: Malikov Rashid Il’yazovich
Published: February 2020

The article for the first time examines in detail the Tatar mullahs’ missionary activity, forms and methods of propagating Islam among the baptized Tatars and neighbouring peoples (the Chuvash people, Mordvins, Mari, etc.). The paper provides illustrative examples of the clergy’s missionary activity in the context of the Russian Empire’s confessional policy. Relying on archival documents, the author explains the phenomenon of successful missionary activity of the Tatar Muslim clergy and their followers in the Middle Volga region and shows how, overcoming legislative and administrative obstacles, they successfully competed with the Orthodox clergy and achieved significant results.
History of Tashkent Branch of the Azov-Don Commercial Bank
Authors: Alimdzhanov Bakhtier Abdikhakimovich , Choriev Shokhrukh Kholtura ugli
Published: February 2020

For the first time in the world historiography, the paper examines the activity and functions of Tashkent branch of the Azov-Don Commercial Bank. The research material includes interbank correspondence, annual reports of the branch director, audit reports. Archival materials on the active and passive bank operations are investigated, Tashkent branch expenses and profits are analysed and the branch staff is examined. Contrary to the Soviet and post-Soviet researchers, the authors argue that banks did not become “monopolists” in Central Asia’s economy.
IMPLEMENTASI SADD DAN FATH AL-DZARI’AH DALAM STRATEGI PEMASARAN PRODUK BORDIR DI SENTRA INDUSTRI BORDIR KOTA TASIKMALAYA
Authors: Rafiqi Yusep , Sukmawati Heni , Nasrulloh Agus Ahmad
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tentang strategi pemasaran berbasis syariah yang menggabungkan antara analisis SWOT (Strengths, Weakness, Opportunity, Treatment) dan analisis sadd dan fath al-dzari’ah dalam ranah penalaran hukum Islam. Disadari bahwa strategi pemasaran merupakan sistem logika pemasaran yang berhubungan dengan segmentasi pasar, menetapkan target pasar yang diinginkan dan yang ingin dimasuki, melakukan diferensiasi pasar, serta memposisikan produk pada pasar yang unggul. Analisis SWOT adalah instrumen yang masih dipandang ampuh dalam melakukan analisis stratejik. Sementara analisis dengan penalaran sadd dan fath al-dzari’ah merupakan sistem logika penalaran hukum yang sering digunakan dalam ranah sosio-ekonomi (muamalah iqtishadiyah). Analisis strategi dengan menggunakan analisis SWOT hanya menyarankan apa yang harus dilakukan bukan bagaimana melakukannya. Dengan analisis sadd dan fath al-dzari’ah, pada akhirnya strategi pemasaran bisa sampai pada bagaimana yang seharusnya dilakukan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan. Desain penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif normatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Objek penelitian ini adalah pengusaha bordir di sentra industri bordir  Kota Tasikmalaya. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara, dan angket/kuesioner, dan analisis data menggunakan teknik analisa SWOT pendekatan IFAS dan EFAS. Berdasarkan tabel Internal Factors Analysis Summary (IFAS) Pemasaran usaha bordir di Sentra Industri Bordir Kota Tasikmalaya diperoleh skor 2,94 dan dari tabel External Factors Analysis Summasry (EFAS) diperoleh skor 2,95 yang berarti Sentra Industri Bordir Kota Tasikmalaya masih mempunyai daya saing yang tinggi. Dengan menutup sarana (sadd al-dzariah) terjadinya penetapan harga yang tidak terukur (ghabn fahisy/excessive) dan saling klaim atas disain industri, serta membuka (fath) kesadaran penuh akan produk yang dipatenkan, maka strategi pemasaran produk pada sentra industri bordir Kota Tasikmalaya akan mencapai hasil yang maksimal.
Communication Strategies Used by EFL Learners with Different English Achievements in Oral Communication
Authors: Anggit Prasetio Nugroho
Published: February 2020

This article aims to identify the communication strategies used by the learners with low and high English achievement in classroom oral communication and to describe the difference of the frequency of using communication strategies from low and high achievement learners. This research used a descriptive research. The researcher used a case-study design because the present research concentrated on communication strategies used by the learners with low and high English achievement in a specific setting. The 30 learners of the eleventh-grade learners at SMA Negeri 1 Malang was selected as research subject. The result showed that the learners employed 14 communication strategies. The mostly used by the learners was time-gaining strategy and followed by self-repetition, self-repair, appeal for help, code-switching, circumlocution, approximation, use of all-purpose word, other-repetition, message abandonment, other correction, topic avoidance, use of non-linguistic mean, and literal translation. This research also found that the learners with low English achievement used communication strategies more frequently than the learners with high achievement.
The Effect of E-learning Based Schoology on the Learning Outcomes in Nursing Program
Authors: Dzul Rachman  , Sunarti  , Arbain
Published: February 2020

The fast advance of information technology has attempted English teachers with innovative and recent teaching models. This study focuses on the use of Schoology in ESP nursing class. The quantitative research was done with one group pre-test and post-test design. The samples were the second semester ESP class of Nursing program as an experimental group that consists of 122 students and 122 students as a control group. The instruments used the test to measure the students’ cognitive achievement. The inferential analysis used in this research was a t-test. Based on the results of Group Statistics, it is found that the average value of the posttest for the control group was 61.05 while the experimental group was 84. Thus, statistically, it can be concluded that there are significant differences in learning outcomes between the control group with the lecture method and the experimental group using Schoology. In other words, the use of Schoology is effective in learning also helps improve English learning outcomes of students of Nursing Program.
A Blended Learning Module on the Writing Academic Purpose Course (A Research and Development Approach)
Authors: Eny Maulita Purnama Sari  , Nurul Aini
Published: February 2020

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the module based on blended learning model in ‘Writing Academic Purpose” course, to evaluate the validity of the module based on the assessment by the Context, linguists and media experts used validation sheets. The module was developed using Research and Development Approach (R&D). the outputs of this research was an blended learning module of “Writing Academic Purpose”. The module was implemented using the e-learning system of UNU Lampung. The subject of this research was the blended learning module that implemented to the English Department students. The object of the research were the content of the module. The module is declared valid from the validation by validators, the module could improve the students’ reasoning and creativity, the module’s effectiveness is achieved in this study.
Ökonomie der Aufmerksamkeit
Authors: Haselstein Ulla
Published: February 2020

It is a well-known fact that Gertrude Stein participated in psychological experiments at Hugo Münsterberg’s psychological laboratory during her undergraduate studies at Harvard University in the 1890s. She also conducted such experiments, the results of which were published in the Psychological Review. In her autobiographical texts, Stein referred to the experiments and the articles. Biographical research on Stein never fails to mention the experiments, but treats them as proof of Stein’s early interest in character types, while a few scholars regard Stein’s texts as automatic writing and base their claim on the experiments. The essay contextualizes the experiments in the contemporaneous research on suggestion and the “doubling of the mind”. Rejecting the idea of automatic writing, I analyze the section “ROOMS” of Tender Buttons as a literary experiment with suggestion.
Age specificity of individual typological characteristics in persons of different professions
Authors: Bulygina V. G. , Vlasov A. V. , Dubinsky A. A. , Pronicheva M. M.
Published: February 2020

In modern conditions, individualization and optimization of training and additional professional education of a wide range of specialists are increasing in order to strengthen the “personnel base” and solve complex internal and external tasks. Individualized training involves: 1) selecting people according to the criteria of personal predisposition to this type of professional activity; 2) building an adequate system of external training influence within the framework of specialized training and training of personnel. Occupational health and medicine as disciplines and practical areas are faced with the task of using labor as a factor of health and self-development of a person, increasing his vitality, adaptability and professional longevity. The purpose of the study is to identify individual typological profiles, considering professional activity and age, for improving professional selection, development and support of various professions ‘ specializations.

The sample included 389 people (average age–29.5±8.5 years), including 169 participants of the professional community “Institute for development of leaders” and 220 people-extreme specialists. Respondents belonged to the following professional profiles: administrative and managerial; information technology; research and security. The following methodological complex is used: o. SSS; o. TIPI; o. MMPI; o. Grasmika; o. BIS/BAS; o. EPQ; subjective scale for evaluating one’s own entrepreneurial skills.

It was revealed that the combination of a high level of activation system aimed at obtaining additional new stimulation, risk propensity and low emotional stability was characteristic for persons of administrative and managerial profile. Individual and typological characteristics of the security profile were similar to the previous group, except for a lower educational level and pronounced egocentrism. Persons with an information and analytical profile of professional activity were characterized by a low level of activation system and emotional instability. They were prone to risk. Individuals of the research profile were characterized by low self-control, emotional instability when focusing on subjective criteria.

The greatest information content of psychological variables was revealed for the age group from 16 to 21 years. Checking the predictive value of discriminant models, where the target variables were professional activity profiles, revealed the high quality of the model only when the subjects were assigned to the group of the security profile.

The information content of diagnostics of individual typological characteristics for solving problems of predicting behavioral response and professional selection is confirmed. The characteristics of specialists in various professional profiles have predictive value in relation to the risk of disadaptation and decompensation when changing their employment status.
A Shield for Whom? First Amendment Implications of a Federal Shield Law
Authors: Holderbach Patrice
Published: February 2020

In May of 2007, the U.S. Congress introduced the Free Flow of Information Act, reigniting the legislative push toward a federal shield law. Though the journalism industry has widely embraced prospects for the law, such legislation would likely create a tiered system of protection among First Amendment practitioners.

Back in 2005, during an undergraduate internship as a beat reporter for The Kansas City Star, I recall receiving a mass e-mail from a senior editor. The memo encouraged all employees of the paper, which is read daily by about 700,000 people, to contribute to a legal defence fund dedicated toward the creation of a federal shield law. Without probing the pros and cons of what such legislation would mean not only to the newspaper establishment, but also to society in general, the message challenged fellow employees to meet or surpass the editor’s $100 contribution.

That message troubled me, and it should trouble us all. Last year, the U.S. Congress considered two versions of a bill to create a federal shield law protecting journalists from being subpoenaed and potentially jailed for refusal to disclose anonymous sources. Congressmen marked the move toward reintroducing the legislation in 2007 by cajoling hundreds of delegates at the American Society of Newspaper Editors conference to 'use their pages in support of the upcoming federal shield law bill' (Strupp 2007). Indeed, such commentary has recently been published by The New York Times (2007), among numerous other outlets. And in early May of 2007, the Senate and the House of Representatives simultaneously introduced the Free Flow of Information Act, reigniting the legislative push toward a federal shield law. This paper avoids analysing that specific proposal, as this occasion marks not the first time Congress has considered this topic and likely not the last. Rather, the thrust examines conceptual implications derivable from a federal shield law, implications not ordinarily discussed by the news media industry. Frighteningly, such legislation would likely create a tiered system of protection among First Amendment practitioners  an urgent warning explained throughout this paper.
Grounds for Development: Media Development Practice and Theory in Post-Conflict Afghanistan
Authors: Kamal Sarah
Published: February 2020

As I am opening the discussion on ‘perspectives from the developing world’, I thought I would begin by observing that there is a growing awareness and criticism that media theory is primarily developed from US and UK-based contexts. The applicability of theory with such a narrow empirical base in the wider world is often in question. At the moment, media practitioners in the developing world often draw their intellectual base from US/UK-based theory. Further, in situations of post-conflict reconstruction, as has been the case in Kosovo, Serbia, and Afghanistan, the development of media systems in developing countries is based on models from the Western world. So today I’d like to explore areas of gap - or phrased more positively, under explored potential – that could bridge Western-centric media theory/practice, and theory/practice in what I might call the larger world.