bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fetal and maternal outcomes and risk factors associated with preterm prelabour rupture of membrane
Authors: Thapa Anita , Medhi Robin
Published: May 2023

Background: This study aimed to assess the fetomaternal outcome of preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM) and identify the risk factors associated with this condition.
Methods: The study was conducted in the Obstetrics and Gynecology department of Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Medical College and Hospital, Barpeta, Assam, and used a hospital-based prospective observational study design. The study duration was 12 months from September 2021 to August 2022, and the sample size was 80.
Results: The study found that the majority of respondents were between the ages of 20-25, Hindu, and unemployed. The occurrence of PPROM was most frequent in women between 35-36 weeks of gestation, with 41 patients (51.25%) affected. Approximately 57.50% of the study participants presented to the medical facility within 6 hours of experiencing vaginal discharge.
Conclusions: Although PPROM is a common pregnancy complication, its consequences can be avoided by using antibiotics, corticosteroids, and other medications. The majority of the mothers had no risk factors. The study's findings may help healthcare providers to better understand the risk factors associated with PPROM and develop interventions to improve maternal and fetal outcomes.
Phleboscore in chronic venous disease
Authors: Mulki Siddharth , Mascarenhas Rupa Merlyn , Salutagi Naveen Kumar
Published: May 2023

Background: Chronic venous disease (CVD) is a multifactorial condition affecting among populations worldwide. The symptoms appear early in the progression of the disease and as the time progresses the severity of the disease increases. Thus a proper clinical management tool is essential to prevent potential harms of the disease, which also entails a significant loss of the quality of life in these individuals. The aim of the present study is to make use of the tool phleboscore for the patients with lower limb problems to quantify the risk of developing CVD complications.
Methods: A prospective observational study with 2788 patients with lower limb complaints of venous disease was conducted in the out-patient department at A. J. Institute of medical sciences, Mangalore. Patients were asked about the symptoms of the venous diseases like sensation in the limb, any changes in the limb. The patients with two or more symptoms were assessed with phleboscore questions. Based on the phleboscore a descriptive analysis of the collected data was done.
Results: With regards to the phleboscore patients were divided into three classes; low risk, moderate risk and high risk. Almost 73.6% patients were at medium risk of developing CVD. 7.6% patients at high risk. 63.5% of patients with sedentary lifestyle were at medium risk.
Conclusions: Phleboscore is an essential tool to assess the potential risk of patients developing CVD. This tool helps in early identification of patients who are about to go into high risk group and help them by early interventions to prevent the development of more serious disease.
Clinico-epidemiological profile and treatment outcome of pituitary adenomas: a retrospective study
Authors: Tali Tavseef Ahmad , Amin Fiza , Sofi Shahid Rashid , Khan Nazir Ahmad , Dar Javaid Ahmad , Sofi Mushtaq Ahmad
Published: May 2023

Background: Aim of this study was to evaluate the clinico-epidemiological profile and treatment outcome of pituitary adenomas.
Methods: This was a retrospective study performed in the department of Radiation Oncology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, India, in which 30 cases diagnosed with pituitary adenoma from January 2016 to December 2021 were studied.  There clinical and epidemiological features, treatment, overall survival and follow-up data was analyzed.
Results: Most patients were female in gender 17 (57%), and the incidence rate was higher in female patients than male. Microadenoma was seen in just 4 (13%) patients. Macroadenoma in 12 (40%) and giant tumours in 14 (47%). At three and five years, the overall survival rate was 92% and 83%, respectively. Additionally, patients who got adjuvant radiation had a higher overall survival rate (84% versus 76%, p=.833) than those who did not.
Conclusions: Radiotherapy is an effective treatment for pituitary adenomas, able to achieve excellent disease control. Patients with pituitary adenomas should be identified at an early stage so that effective treatment can be implemented. Initial therapy is generally transsphenoidal surgery with irradiation reserved for patients who do not achieve adequate reduction in tumor size after surgery.
Study of sleep disturbances in frontline healthcare workers during COVID-19 epidemic
Authors: Kumari Deepika , Beena
Published: May 2023

Background: Aim of this study was to study sleep disturbances in frontline healthcare workers during COVID-19 epidemic.
Methods: This is a case control study was conducted in the Department of Physiology at Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak. The study included hundred volunteer subjects of age group 25-35years and were divided into two groups (healthcare workers and and professionals from non-medical background).
Results: Subjective sleep quality was significantly altered in FHCW with P value of 0.001. Sleep latency was increased in study group with 50% of study group having score of 3 on Pittsburg sleep quality index. The duration of sleep was reduced in study group with increased sleep disturbances. Forty percent of FHCW reported use of medications for sleep. Almost 100% of FHCW reported Day time dysfunction.
Conclusions: COVID-19 resulted in significant sleep deprivation, increased latency, poor sleep quality and increased use of medication in FHCW. The FHCW suffered from poor quality of sleep during the COVID pandemic. FHCW were affected by several stress factors including heavy workload, high night shift frequency and constant use of PPE kit. All these stress factors affected their quality of sleep.
Interesting malignant renal tumours: a tripod of cases
Authors: Mamta Kumari  , Haldar Debaditya , Kumar Mithilesh , Kumar Bipin
Published: May 2023

Renal malignancy is the 15th leading cause of annual deaths, with late detection and misdiagnosis leading to decreased patient survival. We hereby present three cases of malignant renal tumours which grabbed our attention because of their rarity and interesting presentation. Case 1-A 38 year old male presented with palpable lump in right flank, CT revealed a multilocular cystic lesion in right kidney, along with horse-shoe kidneys. In view of renal biopsy suggesting Tubulocystic carcinoma, patient underwent nephrectomy and diagnosis confirmed to be the same histomorphologically as well as immunohistochemically using AMACR and PR. Case 2-A 77-year-old male had lower urinary tract symptoms due to prostatomegaly, and a left renal mass and small hepatic cysts were detected incidentally. Kidney function was normal. Microscopy showed Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, which was confirmed with immunohistochemical markers CK7 and CKIT. Case 3-A 50 year female presented with recurrent lump in her left flank, CT confirmed a huge left renal fossa mass. Biopsy showed features of malignant mesenchymal neoplasm consistent with leiomyosarcoma based on immunohistochemical panel of vimentin, h-Caldesmon, SMA, EMA, HMB-45 and S100, which helped in differentiating it from tumours like angiomyolipoma. Renal tumours have varied morphological overlapping and it is important to rule out close differentials using immunohistochemistry before coming to a diagnosis. Awareness of such presentations and findings can broaden our understanding of renal tumours which can help in early and accurate diagnosis for better outcome of the patient.
A rare case of recurrent cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea
Authors: Karthikeyan Ramalakshmi , Rashid Rahim A.
Published: May 2023

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea is the leakage of cerebrospinal fluid through the nostrils due to an abnormal communication between the nasal cavity and sub–arachnoid space. CSF rhinorrhoea can be traumatic or spontaneous. CSF rhinorrhea carries a risk of ascending infection leading to meningitis. CSF rhinorrhea is not very common and could be easily mistaken for rhinitis. Physicians need to have a high index of suspicion to diagnose and treat this rare and potentially serious condition. Here we discuss a case of delayed post-traumatic CSF rhinorrhea -an unusual presentation in a primary care setting, focusing on presentation and diagnosis.
Primary pulmonary leiomyosarcoma: review of the literature and case report
Authors: López Alvarado Mariela Itzayana  , Guerrero Gómez Alan  , Carmona Flores Oscar
Published: May 2023

Primary pulmonary leiomyosarcoma (PPL) is an extremely rare malignant tumor. It has been revealed that PPL may originate from the smooth muscle of the pulmonary parenchyma, pulmonary arteries and bronchi. Patients with PPL may be asymptomatic or present with symptoms similar to those observed in other primary lung tumors. The present study reports the case of a 21-year-old woman who presented with orthopnea, medium effort dyspnea, so an extension study computed tomography (CT) is performed, finding a left thoracic tumor. Where a percutaneous biopsy is performed, concluding PPL, by image, it is considered unresecable due to pericardial infiltration, and it is sent to cycle of chemotherapy. Currently completed treatment with partial response to it, due to findings by image, ECOG and patient age, a case session is decided, and panpleuronectomy was performed.
Ewing’s sarcoma or peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor at the base of tongue: a rare location case report
Authors: Devi Pinki , Anjali  , Yadav Nidhi , Singh Sunita , K. S. Tomer Manoj
Published: May 2023

Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor now termed as Ewings sarcoma/PNET, representing a family of tumors with varying degrees of neuronal differentiation and genetic rearrangements. Most common sites are extraosseous involving trunk and lower limb. Base of tongue is a very rare site for Ewing’s/PNET, hence in view of rarity of the location as an uncommon presentation, the case has been reported for the better understanding and supporting the literature with the similar finding. A 68 years old female patient presented with the complaint of difficulty in swallowing since 3 months. On examination growth was identified at the left side base of tongue. Biopsy was processed and stained with H&E and other relevant markers. Differentials on the basis microscopic examination were lymphoma, neuroendocrine tumor and primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Various immunohistochemical markers to rule out the given differential were used. The tumor was positive for CD 99 and vimentin. The case was repored as PNET. Peripheral PNET is a challenging topic. Wide range of extraosseous locations have been observed but head and neck being less reported needs to be studied for understanding the behavior of this highly malignant disease in this rare location so that patient can be benefitted by advanced multimodality treatments including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Anaesthesia for bougie dilatation of subglottic stenosis: report of two cases
Authors: Raju Athira , Chambath Sooraj , Kannamadathy Poulose Biji
Published: May 2023

Subglottic stenosis is a rare but life-threatening condition characterized by narrowing of subglottis. Airway dilatation (balloon/bougie) has become very effective for correction of stenosis. Anaesthesia management for bougie or balloon dilatation of subglottic stenosis needs proper planning, team work and efficient utilization of resources. Airway management options include apneic pause technique, supraglottic jet ventilation, THRIVE (transnasal humidified rapid insufflation ventilatory exchange) and cardiopulmonary bypass/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in emergency scenario. Total intravenous anaesthesia along with airway anaesthesia remains the best anesthetic management option as it provides excellent conditions for shared airway surgery.
Implantless osteosynthesis of lateral end of clavicle fractures using autologous palmaris longus tendon graft for coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction
Authors: Kumar Debangshu , Khalkho Amrit , Aziz Tarikh A. , Hossain Nazir
Published: May 2023

Background: Lateral end clavicle fractures require operative management because of significant displacing forces of trapezius, sternocleidomastoid and weight of the arm. Coracoclavicular ligaments are usually torn hampering vertical stability. Currently used implants for osteosynthesis are associated with implant impingement on acromion, poor purchase of lateral fragment and implant cut-out. There is a lack of consensus regarding ideal treatment of these fractures.
Methods: 31 patients with lateral clavicle fracture who were admitted from May 2019 to August 2022 were enrolled in this study and underwent coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction using ipsilateral palmaris longus graft looped around coracoid and tied over clavicle to hold it reduced. Patients were assessed for pain, shoulder range of motion and functional outcome with 6-month follow-up.
Results: All patients showed radiological union with good to excellent outcome in 79.3% patients and mean abduction of 157⁰. Mean duration of surgery was 104 minutes (SD±12.118) and 10.3% patients showed shoulder stiffness.
Conclusions: The study shows encouraging prospect in purely biological osteosynthesis with functional outcome at par with other methods of fixation while avoiding implant related complications.
Pancreaticoduodenal injuries at a tertiary care centre-clinical profile, associated injuries, management modalities, and outcomes
Authors: Lande Prarthini V. , Quraishi Abdul Haque M. , Umare Girish M. , Hosamani Prashant , Meshram Mohit
Published: May 2023

Background: Pancreaticoduodenal injuries are considerably associated with high morbidity and mortality due to delayed diagnosis   and subsequent delay in treatment. This makes the treatment of these injuries challenging. We have studied the presentation, diagnosis, management and outcome of these complex injuries.
Methods: A prospective observational study was done at general surgery department, Government medical college Nagpur from October 2020 to September 2022. Mortality, morbidity, and various treatment modalities were evaluated.
Results: Thirty two patients presented to the Trauma care center with history and symptoms suggestive of isolated pancreatic, duodenal, and combined pancreaticoduodenal injuries. Most of the injuries were blunt trauma cases. The ratio of hemodynamically stable: unstable was 1:1. Majority injuries were to pancreas followed by duodenum and combined organ injuries. Most of cases were diagnosed by CT scan. In this study 56% of cases had a non-operative line of treatment while 44% underwent surgical intervention. Among the patients operated 5 died, within 7 days of admission due to post-operative complications-hemorrhage, sepsis, aspiration pneumonia, and anastomotic leak. Two patients died due to delayed complications due to the development of pancreatic fistula and enterocutaneous fistula. Mortality rate was 27.2% in this study.
Conclusions: Early presentation and prompt diagnosis is the key to the management of such injuries. Patients managed conservatively need close monitoring, repeated assessments, and long-term follow-up.
Unusual cause of cervical lymphadenopathy in post-partum patient with atypical presentation: Kikuchi disease
Authors: Razak Siti F. Abdul , J. K. Fong , Yunus M. R. M. , Anastasius Elsie J.
Published: May 2023

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease, also known as histiocytic necrotising lymphadenitis, is an unusual type of painful lymphadenopathy. It is a self-limiting benign disease; usual management includes supportive therapy. We described a case of Kikuchi Disease in a childbearing-age woman who presented with painless and localised cervical lymphadenopathy during her postpartum period. Histopathology of the affected cervical node reveals areas of apoptosis and necrosis with abundant foamy histiocytes and plasmacytoid monocytes. The cervical node resolves spontaneously, and no subsequent new cervical lymph node was observed in this patient. Patient was given reassurance. It is vital to recognise Kikuchi disease as one of the causes of persistent cervical lymphadenopathy, to provide optimal management and to avoid incorrect treatment.
Gastric volvulus and wandering spleen: a rare case report
Authors: Gupta Nihir , Meena Radhey Shyam
Published: May 2023

Gastric volvulus (GV) is a rare disease. The exact incidence of GV is unknown and patients with chronic presentation may never be diagnosed. The peak age group of incidence is in the fifth decade. GV can be classified as organo-axial and mesentero-axial. Clinical presentation of gastric volvulus depends on the rapidity of onset and the degree of rotation. This is an interesting rare case report of a patient presenting with abdominal pain since 48 hours, associated with dyspnoea, nausea and vomiting. Nasogastric tube placement was unsuccessful. An abdominal computed tomography scan revealed gastric volvulus with pneumoperitoneum. Emergency surgery was indicated and a typical gastrectomy was performed. Acute GV usually presents with Borchardt’s triad. With the advent of CT and laparoscopic surgery, the gold standards for diagnosing and treating this disease are constantly evolving. Surgical treatment should be performed according to aetiology and patient’s characteristics.
Intra-articular distal humerus fracture – TRAP or olecranon osteotomy
Authors: Jain Rohit , Frank H. C , Dutta K. K , Hazarika Kishore
Published: May 2023

: Intra-articular distal humeral fractures can be approached in a variety of ways. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the functional outcomes of two approaches: one with olecranon osteotomy and other with triceps-lifting approach; for the treatment of intra-articular distal humeral fractures.

: In this study, 10 patients in Group A were compared with 10 patients in Group B. Both the groups were comparable in terms of age, gender, duration of injury and degree of comminution of the fracture. Results were compared in terms of operative time, hospital stay, union, range of motion and complications. Functional evaluation was done using the Mayos’ elbow performance score (MEPS).

: Patients were followed for a minimum of 12 months. Fracture union was seen at or before 4 months in all the patients of both the groups, except in 1 case of Group A where it was seen at 7 months. Average time to union was comparable in both the groups. In Group A, mean range of flexion was found to be 118 degrees (SD 7.33) and extension lag was found to be 11 degrees (SD 3.84). In Group B, mean degree of flexion was found to be 118.25 (SD 4.94) and extension loss of 12 degrees (SD 4.70). Average range of motion was comparable in both groups. There were no significant differences noted between the two groups in terms of mean MEPS (p= 0.573). The overall complication rate was 40% in the TRAP group and 30% in the olecranon osteotomy group.

: Intra-articular distal humerus fractures mandate surgical fixation for best functional outcomes. Although technically demanding, TRAP exposure can prove to be as effective as olecranon osteotomy approach. Both approaches appear to yield no significant differences in clinical and functional results for intra-articular distal humerus fracture management.
Study of functional outcome of dorsolumbar spine fractures treated with minimal invasive spine surgery
Authors: Deokate Pravin D , Gaikwad Anant Nathrao , Katkar Minish , Mane Sushilkumar
Published: May 2023

Spinal trauma is a common problem in modern Orthopedics. Spine surgery has recently been transformed significantly by the growth of minimally invasive surgery (MIS). Easily acceptable to patients as less invasive with smaller incisions, MIS is often perceived as superior to traditional open spine surgery. This study aims to study the functional outcome of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in posterior thoracolumbar instrumentation in spine fractures.

Present study was prospective in nature conducted among 35 patients. All patients fulfilling inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria were taken up for the study. Study was carried out over a period of 1.5 years.

Majority of the patients was in the age group of 30-50 years and most of them were male. Mean VAS score & ODI functional outcome scores significantly reduced after MIS. Incidence of complications after MIS was 5.71%. 86% patients had excellent to good outcome after MIS according to McNab criteria.

Minimal invasive surgery is safe and effective procedure with minimal complications and good post-operative outcome.
Functional outcome of intra-articular distal humerus fractures treated with locking compression plates – A prospective study
Authors: Sagar  , Gupta Gagandeep , Khan Sameer
Published: May 2023

: To evaluate the clinical and functional outcome of intra-articular distal humerus fractures treated with locking compression plates.

: A total number of 25 patients with intraarticular fractures of the distal humerus, from March 2021 to September 2022 were enrolled in the study. All patients were subjected to relevant investigations after which were taken up for surgical fixation of the fracture with bicolumnar distal humerus locking compression plates applied in orthogonal configuration through a posterior transolecranon approach. Patients were followed up at intervals of 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months for assessing union and the functional recovery at each follow-up.

: The study population consisted of 19 men and 6 women with mean age of 43.08±11.89 years. Motor Vehicle Accidents (MVA) were the most common cause of injury accounting for 56% of the cases. Most common fracture pattern was AO 13C2, which was observed in 44% of the cases. Mean duration of the fracture healing was 13.40 ± 1.83 weeks. Mean range of flexion arc was 111.20 ± 14.53 degrees. There were 16 patients with excellent MEPS outcome while six patients had good outcome and three patients had reported fair outcome. There were three cases of joint stiffness though had fair MEPS score. Two cases had superficial skin infection and two cases had reported hardware irritation.

: Bi columnar distal humerus locking compression plate is a stable and safe implant for management of intraarticular fractures of distal humerus. The present study shows promising results when the plates are applied in orthogonal configuration through posterior chevron osteotomy approach. A good anatomical fixation allows early mobilization which improves the functional outcome.
Comparative study of open fractures of tibia (Interlocking v/s External fixator)
Authors: Vernekar Anish
Published: May 2023

: Open/Compound fractures of tibia are the most common type of fracture to occur following road traffic accidents; however, sports injury, fall from height can also frequently produce these fractures. Open fractures of tibia (Type 3B) are quite challenging to treat, with respect to associated soft tissue injury and the decision for type of implant to be used by an orthopaedic surgeon. The decision making is based on the wound condition, the amount of muscle and soft tissue damage, type of fractures, and availability of equipments. This study was undertaken to evaluate the most optimal method for the management of compound fractures of tibia vis a vis comparing reamed tibia interlocking nail and external fixator in the management of type 3b compound fractures of tibia.

Controversy exists over whether the use of external fixation or tibial intramedullary nailing is optimal for the treatment of open tibial fractures. The aim of this study was to compare clinical outcomes in terms of postoperative infection, malunion, delayed union, nonunion and hardware failure between these two treatment methods.

: The study was undertaken in the Department of Orthopedics, Goa Medical College. The study involved both male and female patients with open fractures of tibia, (Gustillo and Anderson, Type 3B). This was a prospective study conducted from month of September 2017 onwards. Hundred patients who had compound fracture of tibia (Type 3B) were evaluated. The patients were followed-up for duration of 6 to 10 months (Average 8 months).

Detailed analysis of function of the patient was done on the basis of following criteria by Johner and Wruh.

: The study conducted on 100 patients, who suffered from compound fracture tibia (Type 3b), it was reported that patients who were operated with reamed tibia interlocking nail had better outcome and decreased morbidity, as compared to patients treated with external fixator.
Ileum neuroendocrine tumor: Case report and literature review
Authors: Jagtap Sunil Vitthalrao , Jagtap Shubham Sunil , Shah Pranjal , Borade Devika , Goswami Nidhi
Published: May 2023

Ileal neuroendocrine tumors are rare primary epithelial neoplasm arising from enterochromaffin cells. A 65-year-old male presented with complaints of recurrent abdominal pain of 1 year duration. The pain was more aggravated in last 7 days associated with vomiting, loss of appetite and diarrhea. On radioimaging ultrasonography finding impression of small bowel mass lesion suggestive of ileac carcinoid tumor with ischemic bowel disease was given. Computerized tomograph abdomen pelvis showed a well-defined hypodense, round, hetergenous, enhancing mass measuring 2.6x1.6x1.2 cm., showing arterial enhancement in mesentery in close relation to ileum and metastatic lymph node mass- indicating likeness of neuroendocrine tumor. The surgical resection of ileum with mass and enlarged mesenteric nodes were done. On gross examination ileum specimen on cut open showed multiple, irregular mucosal thickenings with foci of ulceration. The submocosa showed single, circumscribed, round tumor measuring 3 x 2.5x1.5 cm. Cut section of tumor was yellowish, tan, well circumscribed and solid. The mesenteric lymph nodes were enlarged. The microscopic examination ileum showed a tumor composed of uniform, round cells having to oval nuclei with salt and pepper chromatin. Tumor cells were arranged in trabecular, nests, ribbons and in areas pseudo glandular pattern. Increased mitotic activity was noted (4/10 high power field). Mesenteric lymph nodes were involved by tumor. On histopathology reported as Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NET), G2, intermediate grade of ileum. The immunohistochemical stain were positive for synaptophysin, chromogranin A. The Ki-67 expression was <1%. Herewith we are presenting rare case of well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor NET, G2, intermediate grade of ileum for its clinical, radio imaging ,pathological features and management.
Vision rehabilitation using microperimetric biofeedback training in age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Widihastha Sri Hudaya ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40117, Indonesia; National Eye Center Cicendo Hospital, Bandung 40117, Indonesia, Satari Karmelita , Irfani Irawati , Virgana Rova , Amiruddin Primawita Oktarima ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40117, Indonesia; National Eye Center Cicendo Hospital, Bandung 40117, Indonesia,   Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40117, Indonesia; National Eye Center Cicendo Hospital, Bandung 40117, Indonesia,   Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40117, Indonesia; National Eye Center Cicendo Hospital, Bandung 40117, Indonesia,   Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40117, Indonesia; National Eye Center Cicendo Hospital, Bandung 40117, Indonesia
Published: May 2023

AIM: To determine the impact of microperimetric biofeedback training (MBFT) on the quality of vision in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
METHODS: This study was a prospective, interventional, comparative study with subjects of patients diagnosed with AMD in the National Eye Center Cicendo Eye Hospital, Indonesia. Patients were randomly divided into two groups, intervention and non-intervention with 18 patients in each group. The intervention group would receive six MBFT training sessions of 10-minute time duration each.
RESULTS: A statistically significant improvement of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was found after the intervention, from 1.24±0.416 to 0.83±0.242 (logMAR; P<0.001). A statistically significant improvement for near vision acuity (NVA) was also observed, from 1.02±0.307 logMAR to 0.69±0.278 logMAR (P<0.001). In addition, reading rate increased, from 40.83±30.411 to 65.06±31.598 words/min (P<0.001). Similarly, a comparison of changes in BCVA, NVA, and reading rate between intervention and non-intervention groups showed a significant difference (P<0.001).
CONCLUSION: MBFT significantly and positively impacts visual acuity, NVA, and reading rate in patients with AMD.
Epidemiological aspect of retinoblastoma in the world: a review of recent advance studies
Authors: Koochakzadeh Leili ,   Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1968653111, Iran, Hashemi Hassan , Pakzad Reza , Heydarian Samira , Khabazkhoob Mehdi ,   Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran 1983963113, Iran,   Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam 6931851147, Iran,   Department of Rehabilitation Science, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4818893813, Iran,   Department of Basic Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1968653111, Iran
Published: May 2023

AIM: To collect and present updated evidence about epidemiological aspects of retinoblastoma (Rb) in the world.
METHODS: A comprehensive search without the time and language restrictions was conducted in international databases, including MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. The search keywords were “retinoblastoma” OR “retinal Neuroblastoma” OR “retinal glioma” OR “retinoblastoma eye cancer” OR “retinal glioblastoma”.
RESULTS: The worldwide incidence of Rb is 1 in 16 000-28 000 live births, but was higher in developing compared to developed countries. Several attempts for improving early detection and treatment had increased the Rb survival rate from 5% to 90% in developed countries over the past decade, but its survival was lower in developing countries (about 40% in low-income countries) and the majority of mortalities occurred in developing countries. The etiology of Rb could be viewed as genetics in the heritable form and environmental and lifestyle factors in the sporadic form. Some environmental risk factors such as in vitro fertilization; insect sprays; father’s occupational exposure to oil mists in metal working, and poor living conditions might play a role in the occurrence of the disease. Although ethnicity might affect Rb incidence, sex has no documented effect and the best treatment approaches were now ophthalmic artery chemosurgery and intravitreal chemotherapy.
CONCLUSION: Determining the role of genetics and environmental factors helps to accurately predict the prognosis and identify the mechanism of the disease, which can reduce the risk of tumor development.
Instrumentação e monitoramento de um túnel psicrométrico utilizando o LabVIEW
Authors: Silvestre Alysson Domingos , Silva Márcio Gomes da , Aquino Alberdan Santiago de , Diniz Laurivan Da Silva
Published: May 2023

Este trabalho descreve a instrumentação de um túnel climatizador (psicrométrico) e o cálculo das propriedades termodinâmicas do ar e o monitoramento destas propriedades utilizando uma plataforma virtual. O monitoramento das propriedades é realizado medindo-se as temperaturas de bulbo seco e de bulbo úmido do ar na saída do climatizador e a partir destas temperaturas a umidade relativa e absoluta são calculadas, também são calculadas a vazão e a quantidade total de vapor de água contida no ar que saí do equipamento por hora.
EPANET-IRRIG: aperfeiçoamento do EPANET para aplicações em sistemas de irrigação
Authors: Lucena Kennedy Flávio Meira de
Published: May 2023

O dimensionamento de sistemas de irrigação exige a análise de muitas alternativas para que se obtenha a opção mais viável técnica e economicamente, o que requer na maioria das situações o auxílio de modelos computacionais. Existem diversos modelos computacionais disponíveis para o dimensionamento e análise de redes hidráulicas, mas com uso mais difundido no meio acadêmico. Neste trabalho, faz-se uma apresentação do modelo computacional denominado EPANET-IRRIG versão 1.0, que é um aperfeiçoamento do software EPANET 2.0, no qual foram inseridas novas funcionalidades que dizem respeito à melhoria de interface e, principalmente, ao desenvolvimento de um módulo para o dimensionamento hidráulico-econômico e a avaliação de redes hidráulicas. Os primeiros resultados
obtidos com o EPANET-IRRIG já permitem ao usuário confiabilidade para o dimensionamento e a avaliação de sistemas de irrigação por gotejamento, microaspersão e aspersão. A interface criada para o módulo de irrigação permite agora que extensas redes, com numerosos pontos emissores, sejam mais facilmente modeladas. Os custos da rede de irrigação e da energia podem ser detalhadamente identificados, permitindo uma análise mais criteriosa do projeto com grande versatilidade.
Activities of deputies of the 9th term of office of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland on Tiktok – Analysis of the issue
Authors: Borowska Dominika , Rozworska Nikola
Published: May 2023

Media społecznościowe wywierają znaczący wpływ na życie społeczno-polityczne. Popularność oraz ekspansywne działania takich platform jak TikTok, stwarzają możliwość wykorzystania kolejnego kanału komunikacyjnego do formułowania komunikatów i treści o charakterze politycznym. Politycy coraz częściej korzystają z takich możliwości, na co wskazują wyniki badania przeprowadzonego w 2022 roku (1 sierpnia – 15 września), którego tematem była analiza aktywności posłów IX kadencji, zasiadających w Sejmie Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. W artykule postawiono tezę, że wzrost społecznego zainteresowania TikTokiem może wpłynąć na aktywizację polityków w opisywanej przestrzeni
The Role of the International Monetary Fund in the Post-War Reconstruction of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Aćić Marko , Grujić Miloš
Published: May 2023

The specifics of international organizations stated in the paper contain a particular reference to global financial institutions. It refers to the support of the development of countries in transition. It also states their reconstruction under the patronage of subjects of international law. The authors indicate the importance of the foundation and historical development of international financial institutions, especially the International Monetary Fund, along with its connection with its growing influence in the field of project financing, both regionally and globally. In the second part of the paper, the focus is on the participation of the International Monetary Fund in the reconstruction and revitalization of Bosnia and Herzegovina from the end of the war conflicts in 1995 until today. The comparative review points to the most significant areas that had the support of the International Monetary Fund in the financing of projects but also draws attention to the political side of this support through the imposition of conditions for financial resources to be approved. Through an overview of stand-by arrangements, the authors analyze the connection between the approval of projects by international financial organizations and their relation with the insistence on the implementation of specific reforms in Bosnia and Herzegovina
System oświaty w Polsce wobec napływu dzieci-uchodźców wojennych z Ukrainy po 24 lutego 2022 roku
Authors: Pogorzała Ewa
Published: May 2023

Po 24 lutego 2022 roku nastąpił dynamiczny napływ dzieci z Ukrainy do Polski. Szacunkowe dane wskazywały na nawet 700 tys. dzieci (Straż Graniczna podawała, że do końca marca 2022 r. ogółem granicę przekroczyło 2,37 mln osób). Na około 500 tys. numerów zarejestrowanych już wówczas w systemie PESEL, niemal połowę (256 tys.) otrzymały osoby, które nie ukończyły 18 roku życia. Pod koniec marca do szkół zapisanych było 147 tys. dzieci, ale już wówczas, na skutek ustaleń z władzami ukraińskimi, uznano uczestnictwo w nauczaniu on-line organizowanym przez szkoły w Ukrainie, za równoznaczne z realizacją obowiązku szkolnego na terytorium Polski. Równolegle rozpoczęła się dyskusja nad modelem kształcenia dzieci z Ukrainy – pojawiały się różnorodne propozycje, od tworzenia osobnych szkół ukraińskich, organizowania tzw. oddziałów przygotowawczych lub modyfikacji ich formuły na tzw. klasy powitalne – tylko z intensywną nauką języka polskiego, po włączenie do regularnych klas, realizujących podstawę programową, ale ze wsparciem w postaci dodatkowych zajęć języka polskiego, zajęć wyrównawczych z przedmiotów nauczania czy zatrudniania tzw. asystentów międzykulturowych. Ze względu na subwencyjny system finasowania oświaty, także kwestie kosztów wprowadzania dodatkowych rozwiązań były podnoszone przez samorządy. W tekście dokonano analizy instytucjonalno-prawnej działań legislacyjnych i organiza- cyjnych centralnej administracji oświatowej i samorządowej, jak również identyfikacji głównych wyzwań w tym zakresie. Podstawę źródłową stanowiły akty prawne i dokumentacja władz publicznych, artykuły prasowe oraz materiały z prasy branżowej, związanej ze środowiskiem oświatowym i samorządowym, jak również z mediów społecznościowych. Zwrócono szczególną uwagę na deklaracje władz oświatowych w zakresie planowanych rozwiązań systemowych i działania legislacyjne oraz dyskurs dotyczący oceny wprowadzanych regulacji i stanu faktycznego, zbierający opinie środowisk oświatowych, jednostek samorządu terytorialnego czy też organizacji pozarządowych. W artykule przedstawiono stan prawny, bazując na danych dostępnych na koniec 2022 r. W głównej hipotezie przyjęto, że zasadniczy wysiłek organizacyjny i dydaktyczny podjęty został przez samorządy lokalne i społeczności szkolne, przy minimalnym udziale Ministerstwa Edukacji i Nauki, ograniczającym się do ogólnych deklaracji co do kierunków polityki państwa w tym zakresie i wprowadzania zmian prawnych, jednak nie zawsze korespondujących z postulatami samorządów i środowiska oświatowego.
Mitigation of Power Quality Problems Using Fuzzy Logic-Based Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC)
Authors: Sai Kumar K. , Chatterjee Sayanti , Kumar P. Siva , Gatla Ranjith Kumar , Kumar A. Naresh
Published: May 2023

This suggested research work provided a distributed generator-based unified power quality conditioner with a decreased rating and a star-connected transformer as a means of enhancing power quality. The unified power quality conditioner (UPQC), a Y-connected transformer, and an LC filter are all included in this work. When the source voltage is out of balance, the hybrids of the approach greatly enhance UPQC performance. The quality conditioner that is suggested here is intended to correct issues with the voltage and current quality of delicate loads and to reduce load current harmonics when the supply is distorted. In this case, the DC link control method has been implemented using a fuzzy logic-based controller. A 500 kVA grid model is taken into consideration, along with an analysis and description of the suggested solution. The results were produced using the power system block set toolboxes in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. According to the thorough simulation results, hybrid UPQC with distributed generation has a greater ability to reduce the voltage sag effects and swell and to suppress the load current harmonics, phase current harmonics, and neutral current when the supply is distorted. To validate the results generated by the proposed method, the hybrid methodology yields better results when compared to the traditional UPQC method.
Cross-Border Carbon Regulation and Forests in Russia: From Expectations and Myth to Realization of Interests
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Shvarts Evgeny A. , Ptichnikov Andrey V. , Kokorin Alexey O. , Krenke Alexander N. ,   Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2023

Introduction of the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism over the period from 2023 to 2026 together with corporate commitments to achieve carbon neutrality and carry out commercial decarbonization have markedly increased interest in assessing the potential of carbon sequestration by Russian forests as a possible way to achieve decarbonization and facilitate Russian exports. The prevailing opinion in business circles is that a significant net positive carbon balance from Russia’s forests could circumvent the need for businesses to make costly reductions in their direct CO2 emissions. However, international decarbonization strategies and standards do not concur with that idea. Direct emissions will have to be reduced. Offset mechanisms, whose benefits are calculated as the difference between a baseline and an improved scenario for forest management (the principle of additionality), will compensate for only a part of the emissions. The experience of Canada is indicative, as it consistently implements measures to decarbonize industry without regard to the absorption of CO2 by its forests. Even though Canada has climatic conditions, forest growth, and population density similar to Russia’s, its policy is not dependent upon revising estimates of net CO2 absorption by forests upward. Forestry priorities in Russia, including reforestation, should instead be gradually shifted from managing commercial forests for harvesting timber to reducing all forest fires. Leased and non-leased forests should both be included, and reforestation that favors deciduous species and mixed forests should be given a higher priority. It is also necessary to remove barriers to forestry in agricultural forests and to plan for implementation of projects directed at improving both forestry and climate on the land leased out from the holdings of the State Forest Fund as well as on agricultural tracts, including those now overgrown by forests
La política social en Chile como origen conceptual de los programas de transferencia condicionada de ingreso en América Latina (1973-2002)
Authors: Salas Marcelo
Published: May 2023

El presente artículo analiza la trayectoria de la política social chilena como antecedente directo de los programas de transferencia condicionada de ingresos en América Latina. Esta relación ha sido insuficientemente revisada por la literatura que ha trabajado sobre el desarrollo de este tipo particular de programas de lucha contra la pobreza. Revisando la trayectoria histórica de la política social de Chile es posible observar que sus bases conceptuales y metodológicas influyeron de manera determinante en la política social de la región. Este proceso comienza con la transformación estructural del Estado chileno bajo dictadura de Pinochet y continuó con los gobiernos democráticos que, si bien avanzaron en la incorporación de nuevos conceptos, mantuvieron la base de programas temporales y compensatorios propios de lógicas neoliberales.
“La ruptura en el cuidado”: Experiencias de mujeres madres con abuso de alcohol y su atención en México
Authors: Méndez Romero Nancy Araceli
Published: May 2023

Este artículo se propone analizar las experiencias sobre la maternidad y los cuidados de mujeres madres que asisten a grupos de apoyo mutuo en la Ciudad de México y el Estado de México para autoatender los daños asociados al alcohol. A partir del marco conceptual de la salud colectiva y la perspectiva de género, se concibe que la condición de género y socioeconómica inciden en la determinación social del alcoholismo y en el proceso salud-enfermedad-atención-cuidado. Desde este enfoque, de mayo de 2020 a enero de 2021, se realizó un estudio cualitativo, en el que se entrevistó a diez mujeres elegidas bajo ciertos criterios y se realizó observación no participante en un grupo femenino Alcohólicos Anónimos. Entre los principales resultados, se reconoce una trayectoria de abuso de alcohol y su atención, concatenada con la trayectoria de cuidados. Este hallazgo delimitó la categoría de “ruptura en el cuidado” para develar el maltrato, la precarización de vida y salud de las mujeres y sus hijos e hijas.
Correlation and Estimation of Stature from Carrea’s Index: A Study Among Two Populations in India
Authors: Vandana Reddy , Wadhwan V. , Munish Reddy
Published: May 2023

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Evaluation of Position and Symmetry of Mental Foramen on Digital Panoramic Radiographs: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Avinash Tejasvi M. L. , Pokala Archana , Varun Sai Mamidi , Gayathri Chaithanya Sree Midimilla , Aarthi Duddukuri , Sai Krupa Mareddy
Published: May 2023

Background: The mental foramen is an important anatomical landmark located on the anterolateral surface of the mandible, and it transfers the mental nerve and vessels. Knowledge of the position of the mental foramen is important both when administering regional anaesthesia and performing periapical surgery in the mental region of the mandible. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the position and symmetry of the mental foramen on a digital orthopantomogram (OPG) among the Nalgonda population. Materials and Methods: A total of 400 digital OPGs taken by the Rotograph evo OPG machine of both genders were analysed retrospectively. The position of the mental foramen was recorded according to criteria given by Wei Cheong Ngeow and Yosuf Yuzawati. The symmetrical or asymmetrical position of the mental foramen was also recorded. Results: The most common position in the current study for the right side was position 4 (n = 202; 50.5%) followed by position 3 (n = 102; 25.5%), position 5 (n = 82; 20.5%), position 2 (n = 8; 2%), position 1 (n = 4; 1%) and the least common was position 6 (n = 2; 0.5%) and the most common position of mental foramen for left side was position 4 (200;50%) followed by position 3 (n = 132; 33%) , position 5 (n = 60; 15%), position 1 and 2 (n = 4; 1%) and the least common was position 6 (n = 0; 0%). The mental foramen was symmetrical in 250 patients (62.5%) and asymmetrical in 150 patients (37.5%). For the symmetrically placed mental foramina, the most common location was position 4 (n = 126; 50.4%) followed by position 3 (n = 76; 30.4%), position 5 (n = 42; 16.8), position 6 (n = 4; 1.6%), position 2 (n = 2; 0.8%), position 1 (n = 0; 0%). Conclusion: In the present study, it was found that the most common position of the mental foramen in the given population in both males and females was below the second premolar, followed by between two premolars. It was symmetrical in 62.5% of OPG’s. The current study was limited to evaluating the position and symmetry of the mental foramen relative to mandibular teeth in a small sample of the Nalgonda population in Telangana state using digital panoramic radiographs. In further studies, utilizing a larger sample size for evaluation of the mental foramen using advanced imaging modalities would be required for a more precise identification of the mental foramen.