bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Use in the Field of Program Evaluation by Integrating Learning from the Knowledge Field
Authors: Donnelly Catherine , Searle Michelle
Published: May 2017

Abstract: It has been almost 20 years since Shulha and Cousins (1997) published their seminal paper exploring evaluation use. The paper examined a decade, 1986 to 1996, of theory, practice, and research on evaluation use. Since that time there have been significant developments related to the phenomenon of evaluation use. Outside of evaluation a new and burgeoning field has focused on the use of research in practice and policy; in health care the term knowledge translation has been used and in social sciences knowledge mobilization. Despite the rapidly growing body of research from the knowledge field, the different terminology used in evaluation, health care, and the social sciences has created siloed bodies of knowledge, even when working on similar change processes. This may be one of the factors why the large body of literature on evaluation use has received little attention in health care and vice versa. The aim of this article is threefold: first, to examine the developments in evaluation use since Shulha and Cousins’s (1997) paper; second, to explore how the knowledge fields, focusing on knowledge translation and mobilization, can help to further refine and develop our understanding of use; and third, to imagine what future research that interweaves the knowledge field with the field of program evaluation might look like and how it has the potential to serve the contexts where this research would be conducted.
Surface Decomposition of Dimethyl Methylphosphonate on SnO2 Nanoparticles: Role of Nanoparticle Size
Authors: Zamand Nasser , Pour Ali Nakhaei , Housaindokht Mohammad Reza , Izadyar Mohammad
Published: May 2017

We report the effect of SnO2 particle size on the adsorption behaviour of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP). SnO2 nanoparticles with different particle sizes have been successfully synthesised by the reverse microemulsion method. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction results were used to evaluate size distribution, shape and structure of the prepared SnO2 nanoparticles. The infrared spectra of adsorbed DMMP on SnO2 show that the adsorption is dissociative. In addition, it is shown that the size of SnO2 nanoparticles does not affect the reaction mechanism. Adsorption isotherms of DMMP show that by decreasing the size of SnO2 nanoparticles, the amount of DMMP adsorbed is increased. In addition, the calculated heats of adsorption of DMMP are increased as the SnO2 nanoparticle size decreases.
Calculation of Arrhenius Parameters by the Rrkm Method for the Carbon–Hydrogen Bond Fission Reaction of Fluorobenzene
Authors: Manesh Afshin Taghva , Heidarnezhad Zabialah , Vahedpour Morteza , Masnabadi Nasrin
Published: May 2017

The present study provides quantitative results for the rate of the unimolecular hydrogen–carbon bond fission reaction of fluorobenzene at elevated temperatures up to 2000 K. The potential energy surfaces for each C–H bond fission reaction (in the ortho, meta, and para sites) of fluorobenzene were investigated using ab initio calculations. The geometry and vibrational frequencies of the species involved in these reactions were optimised at the unrestricted MP2 level of theory, using the cc-pVDZ basis set. Since the C–H bond fission channel is a barrier-less reaction, we have used variational Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus (RRKM) theory to predict rate constants. The difficulty in the application of the RRKM method to molecules bigger than benzene is discussed and a method is offered to solve the problem. Using calculated rate constants at different temperatures, the activation energies and exponential factors were determined. The Arrhenius expressions for the C–H bond fission reactions of fluorobenzene at the ortho, meta and para sites were obtained as k( T) = 6.1 × 1016 e−57328/ T, k( T) = 1.8 × 1017 e−59080/ T and k( T) = 1.3 × 1017 e−59600/ T respectively. Moreover, the effect of the fluorine atom including electron attraction and resonance with the benzene ring, on molecular rotation and the tunnelling effect on the rate expression have been discussed.
Pyrolysis Kinetics and Emission Characteristics of Waste Disposable Paper Cups Using the Thermogravimetric-FTIR Technique
Authors: Song Daiwang , Wang Jing , Zhang Yushan , Ma Yuhui
Published: May 2017

The pyrolysis of waste disposable paper cups (WDPCs) was investigated using a thermogravimetric analyser coupled with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The activation energies of the pyrolysis reactions were obtained by the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) methods respectively. The kinetic model was determined by the master plots method. Thermogravimetric results showed that the highest weight loss rate occurred from 345 to 365 °C as the heating rate was increased from 10 to 30 °C min−1, indicating the pyrolysis of cellulosic material in the WDPC. The weight loss between 400 and 500 °C can be attributed to the decomposition of polyethylene. By analysing the FTIR spectra, it was found that the absorbance of all the evolved gaseous products had peaks at 360 °C due to the decomposition of cellulose fibres and the cracking of polyethylene at 485 °C led to the emergence of a second hydrocarbon peak. Ketones were the most abundant condensable organic products and CO2 was the dominating gaseous product, which can also be produced via secondary cracking of the small molecule organics above 400 °C. Kinetic analysis revealed that the average activation energy of the pyrolysis of the WDPC was 153.75 kJ mol−1 from the FWO method and 151.43 kJ mol−1 from the KAS method. The reaction mechanism can be described by the R3 model.
Inhibition of Atmospheric Aqueous Phase Autoxidation of Sulphur Dioxide by Volatile Organic Compounds: Mono-, di- and Tri-Substituted Benzenes and Benzoic Acids
Authors: Meena Vimlesh Kumar , Dhayal Yogpal , Rathore Deepak Singh , Chandel C.P. Singh , Gupta K.S.
Published: May 2017

Like many other volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the methoxy derivatives of benzene and benzoic acid are found in the atmosphere and, therefore, looking to their possible intervention in aqueous phase atmospheric oxidation of the major acid rain precursor, SO2, by oxygen, the kinetics of SO2 [hereafter referred to as S(IV)] autoxidation have been studied in the presence of methoxybenzene (anisole) and disubstituted 1,2-dimethoxybenzene, 1,3-dimethoxybenzene and 1,4-dimethoxybenzene. The effects of benzoic acid and its 2,6-dimethoxy, 3,4-dimethoxy, 2,3,4-trimethoxy and 2,4,5-trimethoxy derivatives have also been examined, as have the influences of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, benzanilide and o-sulfobenzimide. As the methoxy group is known to influence the reaction SO4–· + organics [Formula: see text] SO42– + non-chain products, to understand the degree of influence of the methoxy group on the inhibition of this reaction, this series of methoxy compounds was selected. The kinetics were first-order in S(IV). Most of the VOCs inhibited S(IV) autoxidation, except benzanilide and o-sulfobenzimide, in accordance with kobs = k0/(1 + B [Inh]), where kobs and k0 are the first-order rate constants in the presence and absence of VOCs respectively and B is the inhibition parameter. The most interesting feature of this work is that, despite the high kinh values, the B values are unexpectedly quite low and benzanilide and o-sulfobenzimide showed no effect. The B values appear to be independent of kinh, which is opposite to that found in the case of a series of hydroxyl compounds. It appears probable that additional steps involving peroxy intermediates are involved.
Transition Metal Complexes of a Diaza-Crown Ether with two Carbamoylmethyl Substituents: Synthesis and Assessment as a Functional Nuclease
Authors: Xie Jia-qing , Cai Shu-lan , Feng Fa-mei
Published: May 2017

We report the synthesis, catalytic function and catalytic mechanism of two transition metal complexes (CuL, ZnL) of a diaza-crown ether with two acetylamino side arms [L = 2,2′-(1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadecane-7,16-diyl)diacetamide] in the hydrolysis of DNA. Their nuclease functions on pUC19 DNA cleavage were investigated. The results indicated that the active species might be formed by the deprotonation of the water-coordinated molecules in the complex and the optimum pH is 8.0 for both CuL and ZnL. The catalytic activity of CuL is higher than that of ZnL in DNA hydrolytic cleavage due to the difference in the Lewis acidity of the central metal ions, which is contrary to the result with the Cu and Zn complexes of the parent ligand L0 (1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadecane) as artificial nuclease. Comparison studies of DNA cleavage in the presence and absence of several oxygen scavengers showed that these complexes can promote DNA cleavage by a hydrolytic pathway. Our proposed mechanism suggests that the negative charge on the phosphorus oxygen atom of the substrate molecule is dispersed and the intermediate is formed and stabilised by hydrogen bonding between the DNA molecule and the acetylamino group of the complex.
A Theoretical Investigation of the Decomposition and Reactivity of the CHF2CF2CF2OCH2O• Radical from HFE-356pcc3 between 200 and 400 K
Authors: Hoseinpour Sajedin , Izadi-Vasafi Hossein , Azimi Mona , Kazemi Ali
Published: May 2017

This investigation involves the ab initio quantum mechanical study of the decomposition and reactivity of the CHF2CF2CF2OCH2O• radical that is formed from CHF2CF2CF2OCH3 (HFE-356pcc3). The geometries of the reactants, products and transition states were optimised at the B3LYP and B3PW91 levels of theory using the 6-311G(d,p) basis set. Five important pathways for the decomposition and reactivity of CHF2CF2CF2OCH2O• were investigated: (1) reaction with atmospheric O2, (2) reaction with atmospheric •OH radical, (3) C–O bond cleavage, (4) H elimination and (5) the migration of hydrogen from carbon to oxygen and then C–O bond cleavage, with energy barriers of 4.4 (5.0), 11.9 (12.4), 17.0 (17.3), 20.4 (19.4) and 32.2 (32.6) and 15.5 (16.7) kcal mol−1 respectively [values in parentheses are for the B3PW91/6-311G(d,p) level of theory].

Rate constants were calculated by utilising canonical transition state theory in the range 200–400 K and the corresponding Arrhenius diagrams have been plotted. The results showed that the rates of decomposition and reaction increase with increasing temperature. Also, between 200 and 306 K, path (1) has the highest rate constant: moreover, it was concluded that reaction with atmospheric O2 is the dominant pathway for the consumption of CHF2CF2CF2OCH2O• in the atmosphere. An intrinsic reaction coordinate calculation was performed to confirm the existence of a transition state on the corresponding potential energy surface.
Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Preventive Measures of Zika Virus Infection: A Review Update
Authors: Parveen Rezina , Begum Shaheen Ara , Sharmin Ishrat , Khanam Rashida Akhter , Quadir Md Sabbir , Yusuf Md Abdullah
Published: May 2017

The relation between ZIKV infection during pregnancy and microcephaly in neonate has been established by the Brazillian Ministry of Health. Therefore, more attention regarding control of Aedes mosquito is required. Since it transmits this disease, which has more disastrous consequences than dengue viral infection. Potentially effective methods of prevention that are focused on reducing infections among pregnant women include avoiding unnecessary travel to areas of ongoing Zika virus transmission, avoiding unprotected sexual contact with partners who are at risk for Zika virus infection. According to Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control and Reseaech (IEDCR) there is nothing to panic at this moment for Bangladesh, but they stressed on mosquito control, which is the only tool to prevent and fight off Zika virus. They however, could not mention how the virus came to Bangladesh. May be somebody brought it while travelling. There is good survillence and testing system to detect the disease in Bangladesh.Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases 2016;3(1):17-23
A Case of Neurocysticercosis Clinically Mimicking Epilepsy: Report from Remote Hilly Area of Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Suman , Uddin Mohammad Najim
Published: May 2017

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is considered a common infection of the nervous system caused by the Taenia solium and is known to be the primary cause of preventable epilepsy in many developing countries. NCC is commonly resulted by the ingestion of Taenia solium eggs after consuming undercooked pork, or contaminated water. The parasite can grow in the brain and spinal cord within the nervous system, causing severe headache and seizures beside other pathological manifestations. People in North Eastern hilly areas of Bangladesh are very much fond of Pork meat. Here in this case report, an elderly indigenous male was found to be presented with weakness and sleep deprivation initially. During subsequent conversation with the patient for obtaining his medical history, he started complaining of dizziness, which eventually led to generalized convulsions lasting for about one minute. Though his neurological system examination was inconclusive, stool routine microscopic examination showed ova of T. solium. IgG antibody against T. solium was positive. Later, the patient was advised to have contrast MRI of brain which revealed multiple Ring enhancing T2 hyperintense cystic lesion with tiny central in different parts of the brain.Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases 2016;3(1):24-27
Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of antidiabetic activity of novel indoline derivatives
Authors: Manoharan Dhineshkumar , Kulanthai Kannan , Sadhasivam Gnanavel , Raji Vijayan , Thayumanavan Paalvannan
Published: May 2017

Series of indoline derivatives were synthesized using N-(4-aminophenyl)indoline-1-carbothiamide as a precursor. The confirmation of synthesized compounds was done by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, LC-MS (ESI) and FT-IR. In vitro antidiabetic activity of synthesized indoline derivatives were examined by standard ?-amylase inhibition assay. The compounds 4a (IC50 = 52.1 µg/mL) and 4b (IC50 = 57.7 µg/mL) showed potent ?-amylase inhibition activity. The compounds 3a (IC50 = 62.2 µg/mL) and 3b (IC50 = 60.7 µg/mL) showed moderate antidiabetic activity.
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Introduction
Authors: ní Fhlathúin Máire
Published: May 2017

This study explores the crystallising of a colonial literary culture in early nineteenth-century British India, and its development over the course of the Victorian period. It focuses on a wide range of texts, including works of historiography, travel writing, correspondence, fiction, and poetry, produced by amateur writers as well as writers who were better known and more professionalised. Its aim is to delineate the parameters and operations of a literary culture that is both local, in that it responds to the material conditions and experiences specific to colonial British India, and transnational, in that it evolves from and in reaction to the metropolitan culture of Britain. The writers I discuss were British, and lived and worked in British India (anglophone writing by Indians falls outside the parameters of this study). They often published their work for limited circulation within the colonial marketplace, but also with an eye to the more extensive readership of ‘home’. While individual authors’ works may be inconsequential or ephemeral, and sometimes apparently derivative of metropolitan texts and genres, the corpus in total constitutes a significant body of literature with its own concerns, themes and formats....
Consuming and Being Consumed
Authors: ní Fhlathúin Máire
Published: May 2017

This chapter traces the evolution of a discourse of consumption and predation throughout the Victorian period. The East India Company’s transformation from a commercial concern into a government was accompanied by intense public debate over its role in India, focusing on economic relationships of exploitation, and moral relationships of corruption. This debate crystallized around the impeachment of Warren Hastings (1788-1795). The ‘nabobs’ of the Company were represented as exploiting India and its residents for their own material gain, and simultaneously as themselves corrupted by contact with India. Their return to Britain gave rise to a sense that their moral and financial corruption was being imported into the British body politic. While this political moment quickly passed, the debate established the terms and metaphors – greed, excess, predation, and contamination – in which British people imagined their role in India, and India’s effect on them.
Decade of the Dead: Zombie Films as Allegory of National Trauma
Authors: McSweeney Terence
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the resurgence of the zombie genre which went from a minor figure to one of the defining pop cultural icons of the era. What might be said about the connections between this renaissance and the turbulent War on Terror decade? It offers a detailed analysis of the films of George A. Romero and I Am Legend.
‘Who Were We? and What Happened to Us?’: Inuit Memory and Arctic Futures in Igloolik Isuma Film and Video
Authors: Bredin Marian
Published: May 2017

This chapter analyses the history of one of the most successful indigenous film- and video-making groups, Nunavut’s Isuma. Based in Igloolik, Bredin charts the emergence of the group, as led by Zacharias Kunuk and Norman Cohn, while addressing the historical limitations on Inuit filmmaking in Canada. Bredin examines the impact of Isuma’s works both on indigenous filmmaking in the Arctic and in Canada, as well as on global art cinema. Bredin provides a detailed history of Isuma from its early days in community activism and Inuit video production, to its move into documentary and feature filmmaking. The chapter focuses on The Journals of Knud Rasmussen (2006) and also considers works such as Cannes award winner Atanarjuat: The Fast Runner (2001). Bredin concludes with an analysis of Isuma’s distribution strategies and its goal to connect with both indigenous and non-indigenous audiences.
Cultural Stereotypes and Negotiations in Sámi Cinema
Authors: Mecsei Monica Kim
Published: May 2017

This chapter provides a history of representations of Sámi peoples in Norwegian cinema over the past century, from the various remakes of Laila to comedies in the 1960s and 1970s indigenous rights documentaries.  Mecsei  examines recent developments in film production and Sámi language policies through the opening of the International Sámi Film Center in Guovdageaidnu-Kautokeino, Norway. The chapter outlines the history of the emergence of Sami self-representational film narratives through an analysis of the fiction feature films of Nils Gaup, including his groundbreaking films Pathfinder (1987) and The Kautokeino Rebellion (2008). Mecsei traces the further development of the diversity of Sámi feature filmmaking in two very distinct films: Paul-Anders Simma’s Minister of State (1997) and Lars Göran Pettersson’s Bázo (2003).
The Threat of the Thaw: The Cold War on the Screen
Authors: Stenport Anna Westerståhl
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines how the Arctic was figured as a porous sheet of ice separating the East and West Blocs during the Cold War and held a privileged position in Hollywood and Soviet filmmaking from the 1950s to the 1980s. Stenport’s case studies range from early alien invasion films such as The Thing From Another World (1951), USSR national icebreaker epics such as The Red Tent (1969), political thrillers such as Ice Station Zebra, 1968), Oscar winning ‘Real Life Adventures’ Disney documentaries such as Men Against the Arctic (1955) to television series such as The Big Picture (1951-1964). Stenport examines a wide swath of cinematic forms from the U.S., the USSR, Sweden, and Norway not previously analysed in tension with one another, showing how these are put to environmental and ideological uses.
The Changing Polar Films: Silent Films from Arctic Exploration 1900–30
Authors: Diesen Jan Anders
Published: May 2017

This chapter discusses not only the first known examples of film shot in the polar region, but also elucidates the role polar expedition films played as cinema was becoming of broad attraction globally. Analysing footage from archives around the world, Diesen contextualises how mass media and technological developments for capturing and relaying to the world feats of exploration, often in the service of nationalism or personal gain, have come to shape the perception of the Arctic region to this day. Case studies in this chapter includes: documentation and media coverage of the Baldwin-Ziegler, Nobile, and Amundsen-Ellsworth Expeditions, including films by Anthony Fiala, Walter Wellman, George Hubert Wilkins, Georgi and Sergei Vasilyev, and Oskar Omdal and Paul Berge. Diesen also considers the propagandistic value of these films for various nation states and their mass media appeal for news companies.
The Attractions of the North: Early Film Expeditions to the Exotic Snowscape
Authors: Dahlquist Marina
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines a large number of actualités - short non-fiction films from the early history of cinema - set in the Scandinavian Arctic. Exemplifying with early documentaries made by primarily Swedish and French film companies, including Pathé Frères, Svenska Biografteatern, Svensk Kinematograf and Svensk Filmindustri, Dahlquist discusses the exoticization and racialization of the Sámi population that were constituent of the these early films. Such tropes, Dahlquist shows, were common also in other forms of visual mass media at the time, exhibits at the Stockholm open-air museum Skansen included. The chapter traces production, distribution, circulation, and reception history of these films. Dahlquist also presents key thematic and visual components of Victor Sjöström’s silent drama film Daughter of the Peaks (1914).
‘My Heart Beat for the Wilderness’: Isobel Wylie Hutchison, Jenny Gilbertson, Margaret Tait and Other Twentieth-Century Scottish Women Filmmakers
Authors: Neely Sarah
Published: May 2017

In this chapter Sarah Neely explores the works of three Scottish women filmmakers who made films in the Arctic. These women are part of a largely unwritten history of the cinema: it was rare enough in the 1930s to be directing documentary films; to have them go to the Arctic on expeditions is mostly unheard of. Neely examines the works of ‘amateur’ filmmakers Margaret Tait, Jenny Gilbertson and Isobel Wylie Hutchison, considering the ways in which their works could be understood as those of ‘women explorers’, and the ways in which ‘women explorers’ have been left outside canonical accounts of Polar exploration and the cinema. Neely positions their works, both those produced in the UK, and in Canada, as a different mode of documentary filmmaking from the tradition formulated by Scottish filmmaker, producer and theorist John Grierson, who nonetheless played a central part of some of their training.
A Very Slow Apocalypse: Zombie TV
Authors: Abbott Stacey
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the role of the zombie within TV horror both in terms of a long established tradition of monster-of-the-week through to the increasingly prevalent place that the zombie plays within contemporary serialised television. This chapter challenges the dismissal of television as an appropriate space for horror and the political allegory often associated with Romero’s zombie films, by presenting a series of case studies in which the TV zombie serves such as narrative and thematic purpose. In particular it considers how the serialized nature of television, exemplified by the soap opera format, is well suited to the zombie narrative in which closure is traditionally denied. It also serves to structure the nature and function of allegory within the televisual zombie format. Case studies include: Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Supernatural, The Walking Dead and In the Flesh.
The Hybrid Hero
Authors: Abbott Stacey
Published: May 2017

This chapter considers the increasingly prevalent presence of a ‘hybrid’ hero, a hybrid of human and vampire and/or zombie, within 21st century vampire and zombie films and television. Through an examination of a selection of special-effects driven, hybrid horror/science-fiction films, this chapter considers how the hybrid hero celebrates notions of hybridity through the figure of the post-human, or cyborg, hero while also challenging conceptions of racial purity and the controlling doctrines of contemporary bio-politics. These heroes defy accepted behaviour, perceived racial boundaries, physical limitations and the boundaries of the body, reimaging the human as a hybrid form in which the lines between human, machine and monster are blurred. In so doing, they invite the audience to embrace hybridity in all of its forms and see the world through the eyes of the monster. Case studies include Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Blade, Underworld, Ultraviolet and Resident Evil.
‘Be Me’: I-Vampire/I-Zombie
Authors: Abbott Stacey
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the adoption and development of the first person narrative format within vampire, and more recently zombie, film and television. It considers how this trope has contributed to the rise of the sympathetic/romantic vampire figure from the Byronic hero within Polidori’s The Vampyre to Interview with the Vampire and Byzantium and the subsequent rise of the sympathetic zombie. This chapter questions if this first person point of view empties the vampire and zombie of symbolic agency, or manipulates the genre to explore new meanings. It considers how the genres of the vampire and the zombie are increasingly interconnected, moving away from themes of apocalypse and cultural anxiety to explore questions of identity and the self within a changing world, effectively queering the vampire and zombie for new audiences.Case studies include Let the Right One In, Byzantium, Only Lovers Left Alive, Warm Bodies, Colin, and In the Flesh.
Conclusion: The Meaning of Islamic Reform
Authors: Loimeier Roman
Published: May 2017

This chapter summarizes the results of the book. In particular, it raises the question what Islamic reform actually means for Muslims in sub-Saharan Africa and it points out both patterns and peculiarities of the development of Islamic reform. It also stresses the importance of the local context to explain the success or failure of Islamic movements of reform and shows that the emergence of Salafi-oriented movements of reform in sub-Saharan Africa was not necessarily linked with movements towards independence (as in North Africa). The development of Salafi-oriented movements of reform was rather linked with the emergence of urban middle class groups that sought support for new forms of piety and that also sought to dissociate themselves from seemingly obsolete practices associated with Sufism. Despite the emergence of Salafi-minded movements of reform, Sufi orders have managed to retain at least some of their former influence by adopting some aspects of Salafi-minded reform programmes.
Queering Progress: Anna Seward and Llangollen Vale
Authors: DeLucia JoEllen
Published: May 2017

Drawing on evidence from the published and unpublished letters of the second-generation Bluestocking and poet Anna Seward, this chapter argues that her immersion in Enlightenment theories of aesthetic progress and her devotion to Ossianic sentiment shaped her Llangollen Vale (1796). In describing this picturesque Welsh valley and celebrating its famous occupants, from the Welsh national hero Owen of Glendower to Seward’s contemporaries and close friends the Ladies of Llangollen, Sarah Ponsonby and Eleanor Butler, Seward’s poem critiques established narratives of historical progress and tests the possibility that the refined feelings and sentiments produced by female friendship might flourish outside modern commercial society and the heterosexual family. Building on the work of theorists of queer history, this chapter develops the claim that Seward creates a “new time” for the ladies of Llangollen that aligns their experience of queer exile from their families and nation with accounts of Welsh resistance to English hegemony.
In-group Deliberation and Integration
Authors: Vasilev George
Published: May 2017

Chapter 5 takes up the question of social transformation from the perspective of attitudes, social norms, and patterned behaviours at the everyday level. It examines how these can be altered to reflect a situation in which groups are encountering each other from the moral point of view when, previously, misconceptions, disparaging stereotypes or a history of violence left them harbouring dehumanising images of one another. The chapter presents in-group deliberation as a promising, yet underappreciated, vehicle for the achievement of such actor transformations. This claim is supported with reference to case studies showing that public sphere deliberations among like members are just as, if not more, consequential in fostering acceptance of outsiders than deliberations among unlike members, especially when antipathy defines group relations. What characterises such deliberations is the presence of ‘integrative leaders’, that is, individuals who take a leading role in persuading their group to develop a more enlarged and considered understanding of its relationship with another.
The Embodied Will in Julius Caesar: An Introduction to Shakespeare’s Fugitive Politics
Authors: Anderson Thomas P.
Published: May 2017

The unpredictable promise of Shakespeare’s fugitive politics is perhaps best illustrated in the ritual events surrounding Caesar’s funeral depicted in Julius Caesar. The play serves as a touchstone, establishing and amplifying dimensions of the political at stake throughout Shakespeare’s plays. Julius Caesar is a play that has at its center a flash mob occupying the marketplace and rendering a form of wild justice on Cinna—the poet who unfortunately bears the same name as one of Caesar’s conspirators. Roman plebeians randomly come across the poet on his way to Caesar’s funeral and promise to ‘[t]ear him to pieces’ (34) and to ‘[p]luck but his name out of his heart’ (32-3). The contingency of the event of Cinna’s murder and its fleeting, yet absolutely essential political nature are the culmination of events in the play informed by early modern concerns about sacred sovereignty, friendship, and body politics that are the themes of Shakespeare’s Fugitive Politics.
From the Conseil d’État to Gaia: Bruno Latour on Law, Surfaces and Depth
Authors: Saunders David
Published: May 2017

This chapter artfully scans the surface of La fabrique du droit, ably summarising that book’s arguments and drawing a series of provocative connections to Latour’s subsequent enchantment with that secular figure of the earth, Gaia. Saunders detects in Latour’s ethnography of the French administrative law court a hint of the turn to metaphysics that would come to fruition ten years after the book on law: the conseillors practise a specific kind of hesitation, but perhaps Latour’s point in studying it so closely is rather more general, more speculative, a pluralist’s plea to remain ‘open’ to the variety of experience. The law, Latour argues, must be tracked at the surface, the observer must achieve a superficiality as demanding as that of the law itself – a prospect that presents a considerable challenge to the figure of the ‘philosophically minded’ ethnographer that narrates the book’s asides. Saunders, acknowledging a sort of presentism or lack of historical concern in La fabrique
du droit, suggests in an echo of his powerful critique of critical theory in Anti-Lawyers that remaining doggedly irreductionist, at the surface, as Latour advocates, presumes precisely the sort of political-legal stability that a historical investigation would have revealed to be a circumstantial and highly contingent, perhaps comparatively rare, condition. The difficulty of lingering at the surface, however, turns out not to be the difficulty of bypassing history or the orthodox theories of modern law but a fully ontological difficulty: an ‘epochal re-discovery of all that had been excluded – even repressed – by the Moderns’ hegemonic intellectual abstractions’.
Politics and Law as Latourian Modes of Existence
Authors: Harman Graham
Published: May 2017

This chapter presents Graham Harman’s assessment of a vital, highly disputed, frequently perplexing contrast, namely that of the trajectories of political and legal enunciation. With an air of clinical detachment, Harman patiently disentangles the mesh of legal obligations and places this strange, non-referential chain into proximity with the political Circle, drawing on the dichotomy of Power Politics and Truth Politics offered in his recent study of Latour’s political philosophy. According to Harman, politics must precede law because it is the charge of politics to collect groups, which may in turn develop a legal order. Similarly, law relies more or less directly on the existence of political authorities – without politics, in other words, law is mere empty, unenforceable, unreliable words. Concluding with an enticing set of questions about the implications of this arrangement for a Latourian international relations theory, Harman’s chapter skilfully demonstrates the promise and the peril of a comprehensive scheme of modes of existence.
Providing the Missing Link: Law after Latour’s Passage
Authors: Gutwirth Serge
Published: May 2017

A decisive philosophical intervention pitched at the level of law’s ontology, Gutwirth’s ‘Providing the Missing Link’ renders the difference between law as an institution or a body of norms and law as a mode of existence or value a crucial point of passage for any future philosophy of law. The first, Gutwirth argues, isn’t really law at all, but a political and organisational phenomenon easily confused with other norms and normative systems, from the rules of sporting groups or trade associations to ethical codes. The second is a far narrower concept keyed to the production of novel solutions under a particular kind of constraint and has nothing to do with the establishment of standards to be followed. Gutwirth’s finely tuned theorisation of law, which resonates with the work of Isabelle Stengers and Gilles Deleuze, sounds a laudable alarum designed to compel legal theorists to disencumber law of the formidable demands of the Rechtsstaat, while holding firmly to the evasive thread of legal enunciation. For Gutwirth, statements in the key of [LAW] require, as an absolute condition, the ‘anticipat[ion of] how and what a judge or court would decide’, and we are all jurists engaged in the practice of law, or at the least, we ‘speak legally’ and not merely ‘about law’, insofar as we projectively reason on the basis of that anticipation. The passage of law depends on this anticipatory structure, from which Gutwirth derives the signal operations of law (qualification, hesitation, imputation and so on), which work in essentially the same way as they did for the Romans.
Law alone, he concludes – even after it has been unburdened of the political, economic, moral and other duties recklessly imposed on it – remains ‘the rightful and ultimate provider of stability and security’, as the loops of its unique temporality ensure that a resolution to any controversy can indeed be fashioned, even where every other mode fails.
In the Name of the Law: Ventriloquism and Juridical Matters
Authors: Cooren François
Published: May 2017

Cooren here applies his model of ‘ventriloquism’ to law and to the performances of legal speech, which allows him to detect the slight shifts in agency so characteristic of legal argumentation, and which
helps reveal the complexity and polyphony of the apparently homophonic judicial utterance. From the Latourian notion of distributed action and the structure of faire faire – a theorem that consistently earns a central place in Latour’s oeuvre, Cooren launches his study by problematising anew canonical givens such as the binaries of passivity/activity and autonomy/heteronomy. We must not forget that ventriloquism involves not only the ventriloquist’s manipulation of the puppet but also the puppet’s manipulation of the ventriloquist, insofar as the latter says things that she, quite frankly, would never say were the puppet not attached to her hand. It is this strange loop of action and passion, autonomy and heteronomy, animation and inanimation, that characterises not only the puppeteer’s performance but also the lawyer’s and the judge’s performances, and, indeed, the structure of communication in general. What, then, does it mean to speak in the name of the law? Without succumbing to the snares of spontaneous hypostatisation, Cooren argues, in contrast to numerous theorists, that the law indeed possesses a sort of agency of its own. A host
of legal and non-legal beings (prior judgments, witness testimony,
documents of all kinds, emotions like frustration and anger, balances
of power, statutes, healthcare reform policies, duplicity, etc.) are figured and mobilised to say certain things in the saying of the law: they are voiced by lawyers and judges, of course, but they also lend their own voices to the latter, shaping the means through which the law may pass.
Lenin’s Philosophy: A New Dialectics of Revolution?
Authors: Coombs Nathan
Published: May 2017

This chapter argues against the Hegelian-Marxist narrative, in which Lenin’s reading of the Science of Logic in 1914 led him to refound Marxist dialectics. Through a close reading of Lenin’s Philosophical Notebooks it is shown that although he made withering remarks about Engels’s and Plekhanov’s dialectics, this did not lead Lenin to reject the core principles of dialectical materialism. Indeed, it is demonstrated that Lenin neither intended to nor accomplished a refoundation of Marxist dialectics in 1914. The notion of quantity-quality leaps Lenin adds to his works from the time onwards show him less as an innovator in Marxist philosophy and more as a keeper of the flame of dialectical materialist orthodoxy.
The Idea of Democratic Governance
Authors: He Baogang
Published: May 2017

Chapter 1 serves as a conceptual introduction for the book. It defines the key concepts of the national boundary/identity question and democratic governance (or management, or approach, or solution) related to the national boundary/identity question. It develops an analytical classification of different kinds of national boundary/identity or membership issues, qualifies the project of democratic management, and spells out the concrete components of democratic governance. It explores why democratic management of the boundary issue is desirable, and defends the universal project of democratic governance. This chapter is an intellectual foundation for the quest for democratic governance with regards to the Taiwan and Tibet issues.
Sovereignty and the Taiwan Question
Authors: He Baogang
Published: May 2017

Chapter 6 argues that the solution to the Taiwan question must take into account Taiwan’s desires and place in international relations, and that to do so, Beijing has to reconsider its Taiwan policy in terms of a new conception of sovereignty. It attempts to transcend nationalist thinking, challenge the traditional concept of sovereignty, and outline an alternative concept of sovereignty. It provides a logical analysis of the impact of the old versus new conceptions of sovereignty on the resolution to the Taiwan question. While it is conceded that the alternative idea of sovereignty developed in this chapter may be too ‘idealistic’ or ‘alien’ to be accepted, it is hoped that the idea may appeal to the next generation of political leaders.
The Idea of Deliberative Referendum: Synthesis and Conclusion
Authors: He Baogang
Published: May 2017

Chapter 11 aims at not only to provide a summary of the discussion of democratic approaches in the book, but to develop an integrated theory of democratic governance which is centred on deliberative referendum. It also develops a synthesis of the theory and case studies of the book.
Leiris and Dialogue
Authors: Evans Jonathan
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on Davis’s literary relationship with Michel Leiris. Davis has translated three of Leiris’s books, including two volumes of his autobiography La Règle du jeu. Davis’s translation strategy in this case is quite unusual and includes the retention of French words in the English text in order to keep chains of alliteration. The translation therefore breaks with convention in many ways. Davis’s work also contains stories that refer to Leiris, but the greatest point of affinity between them is how they both play with the poetic function of language, though through a series of close readings, it is shown that Davis uses this play to open up possibilities for reading while Leiris uses it as part of an autobiographical process.
Marie Curie and Parody
Authors: Evans Jonathan
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on Davis’s story ‘Marie Cure, So Honorable Woman’. This story challenges the boundary between translation and writing as it is constructed from overly literal translation fragments from a biography of Marie Curie that Davis had translated in a more conventional way elsewhere. Beginning with the publication history of the story, the chapter argues that it can be read as a form of parody of the original text through the selection of material presented and through the expressly unidiomatic translation style, although at the same time the source text is not as well-known as might be expected of parodies. Through its use of style, the story questions the role of representation in translation and biography. How a story is told is shown to be central to the understanding of that story.
The Theory of Extension
Authors: McHenry Leemon B.
Published: May 2017

This chapter explores the connections between Whitehead’s metaphysical theory and contemporary cosmology by examining his theory of extension. This involves the most general features of structure in the universe that are addressed in his later process ontology. The chapter also continues to explore the issue raised in chapter 4 concerning the emergence of gross physical bodies and the entire extended universe from the foundation of events. As Whitehead’s theorizing becomes increasingly general, his account for how our universe began provides a basic framework for a comparison with contemporary multiverse speculation. This then raises the question about the scientific status of this hypothesis.
Parodic Translation: Katherine Mansfield and the ‘Boris Petrovsky’ Pseudonym
Authors: Mourant Chris
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the fraudulent ‘translations’ that Mansfield composed under the pseudonym ‘Boris Petrovsky’ for the little magazine Rhythm. Suggesting the possible origins of this imagined name, the article reads these poems within the original material contexts of publication, situating Mansfield’s ‘translations’ within a network of exchange between Rhythm and The New Age. Examining the specific political-historical contexts that inform the poems, the article also highlights Mansfield’s identification with a literary tradition of resistance to imperial hegemony, understanding ‘parodic translation’ as a tactic of critique and subversion. Appreciating these contexts allows us to consider the extent to which Mansfield’s other poetry contributions to Rhythm were shaped by an awareness of the equivalence between the literary canon and the structures of imperialism.
‘Ginger Whiskers’ and ‘Glad-Eyes’: Translations of Katherine Mansfield’s Stories into Slovak and Czech
Authors: Kascakova Janka
Published: May 2017

This chapter offers analyses of some translational difficulties the author of this paper, and first translator of Katherine Mansfield’s stories into Slovak, encountered during her work. These difficulties arose due to the closeness of the Slovak and Czech languages, the specificities of Slovak history and its long and still flourishing connections with Czech culture in general and translation in particular. Aloys Skoumal’s long-standing translations of Mansfield into Czech will be discussed as well. The issues touched upon and put into a cultural, historical and linguistic context are mostly the translation of humour, idiolects, names, modes of formal and informal address, as well as of some titles of Mansfield’s short stories.
An Invitation to Dinner
Authors: Singh Parineeta
Published: May 2017

Today when my wife announced that she had invited Miss Fulton to dinner a spark of joy electrocuted me. I was flipping through the letters which had arrived with the morning post when I was startled by my wife’s voice. She had a way of moving as if her feet didn’t touch the ground and could enter a room without sound. This was something I liked about her when we first met, but recently this characteristic had been making me cagey. ‘You don’t mind, do you? Having another guest?’ she asked. I shook my head and circled my arm about her waist. I felt her relaxing and she nuzzled my ear. I had long ago told her that our marriage was going to be more of a friendship, but she still initiated small intimacies....
Political Trials
Authors: Wold Atle L.
Published: May 2017

The political trials of the 1790s made up a central part of the government’s strategy for defeating radicalism in Britain. The trials conducted in Scotland played a prominent role in this, and they have earned a poor reputation as near-miscarriages of justice. This chapter explores the more central trials in Scotland, with a key focus on the case presented by the prosecution, on the courtroom debate, and on the question of sedition as a crime under Scots law. A main argument presented here is that – while the trials were not sterling examples of impartial justice being carried out – some of the criticism levied against them needs to be qualified. And this is particularly the case with respect to the crime of sedition under Scots law.
Conclusion
Authors: Wold Atle L.
Published: May 2017

What, in the end, characterised Scottish support for the British state in the 1790s – be that either in terms of Scotland’s contribution to the war effort, or the assistance Scottish loyalists gave to the government it is attempts to defeat domestic radicalism? The overall impression which emerges from the decade is that of a profoundly conservative society, the sudden upsurge of political and popular radicalism in the years 1792-1794 notwithstanding. The slower, but eventually stronger, surge of support for the government which materialised in Scotland in response to radicalism serves to demonstrate this point. Yet, while the 1790s was arguably a decade when belief in the Union permeated Scottish society, there was always a two-sidedness to this. Yes, the Scots were eager to present themselves as loyal Britons, but at the same time they were concerned to retain a degree of separate Scottishness, and sensitive to English criticism or interference in Scotland. It was important to be both British and Scottish.
Sexual In-betweener/Industry In-betweener: The Career and Films of Lisa Cholodenko
Authors: Filippo Maria San
Published: May 2017

This chapter claims that Lisa Cholodenko’s work exemplifies the sort of ‘in-betweenness’ that resists and challenges established categories. Identified with the lesbian branch of the New Queer Cinema of the early 1990s, evoking both praise and divisive reactions, Cholodenko’s High Art (1998), about the professional and sexual relationship between a young straight female art critic and journalist and a brilliant lesbian artist/heroin addict, was controversial at a time when lesbian indies were usually lo-fi romances. Likewise, her more mainstream lesbian family drama The Kids Are All Right (2010) has been accused of compromise with heteronormative patriarchal values. San Filippo argues that rather than ‘betraying’ lesbian cinema, her characters and films traverse boundaries and resist sexual, ideological and industrial categories.