bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Niños, niñas y adolescentes en el conflicto armado en Colombia
Authors: Tirado Acero Misael
Published: September 2018

El presente artículo pretende abordar el alcance del problema del reclutamiento de menores en el conflicto armado colombiano y sus implicaciones internacionales. Al final se observa que el mismo no es suficiente para afrontar los factores que de él se derivan y que desembocan en nuevos elementos de criminalidad. En suma, hace falta establecer políticas especiales no solo para prevenir el reclutamiento de menores en los conflictos armados, sino que se requiere también evitar su doble victimización luego de ser reinsertados al medio social
L’etre humain comme le sommet du système juridique et sa protection internationale
Authors: Murillo Cruz David Andrés
Published: September 2018

Les systèmes de protection des droits de l’homme tels qu’universel comme régionaux ont une chose en commune et c’est que sa genèse réside dans la violation des droits de l’homme menée par les États. Ironique et étrangement, les systèmes et les mécanismes de protection ont été créés principalement pour protéger les personnes contre les actions des États, qui, dans leur existence historique semblent n’accomplir pas sa fonction essentielle: protéger les personnes dans leurs droits, mais plutôt, la violation des ceux-ci. L’être humain est la source et la raison d’être de tout ce qui est juridique et de ce qui l’entoure, y compris l’Etat comme une entité collective, virtuelle et fictive. Cependant, le système juridique bidimensionnel est établi sur la base de la structure pyramidale et normative faite par l’école de Vienne et renforcée par le principe de légalité dans le système continental, il a perdu de sa pertinence et les ordres juridiques ont laissé d’être anthropocentristes et ont passé à être “normo centristes”, amenant de défis au droit international avec l’objectif de diriger le changement conceptuel lui faisant plus humain à travers de la restructuration de la pyramide normative par une humaine ou sociale.
Tratamiento a la delincuencia juvenil en colombia en el sistema de responsabilidad de adolescentes
Authors: Torres Vásquez Henry , Rojas Ángel Jairo
Published: September 2018

En el presente artículo se efectúa un breve análisis en conjunto sobre el fenómeno de la delincuencia juvenil y el tratamiento que se le ha dado en Colombia. Se analiza el Sistema de Responsabilidad de Adolescentes, los principios y características del mismo, al igual que los problemas surgidos con la impunidad que representa el modelo de protección integral. En medio del contexto colombiano, se indagan las causas y otros factores que permiten analizar científicamente la criminalidad cometida por jóvenes. Se estudia la delincuencia juvenil y la correspondiente sanción penal prevista en el Código de Infancia y Adolescencia, recurriendo a la base teórica de la doctrina especializada y la jurisprudencia nacional sobre los aspectos más importantes en los que se fundamenta el modelo de protección integral.
Correlação espacial de atributos físicos do solo e produtividade de tomate industrial
Authors: De Oliveira Danilo Gomes , Dos Reis Elton Fialho , Medeiros João Carlos , De Oliveira Martins Marcos Paulo , Silva Umbelino Anderson Da
Published: September 2018

Com a mecanização em todas as etapas de manejo das culturas, o solo passou a receber maior carga superficial, o que provoca mudanças em suas propriedades físicas, com possíveis reflexos na produção. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a variabilidade e a correlação espacial dos atributos físicos de um Latossolo Vermelho com a produtividade de tomate industrial. Para isso, montou-se uma malha amostral utilizando um receptor global positioning system (GPS), com 84 pares de pontos espaçados

de 80 x 80 m. Após a construção da malha, foram retiradas em campo amostras na camada 0,00-0,20 m para mensurar os tributos físicos do solo e dados da planta. As variáveis medidas foram: densidade do solo (Ds), resistência do solo à penetração (RP), a textura do solo e a produtividade do tomate. Os valores obtidos foram analisados utilizando-se a geoestatística, sendo classificados segundo o grau de dependência espacial. Logo após, utilizando o método de interpolação por krigagem ordinária e cokrigagem ordinária, foram estimados os valores para locais não amostrados, permitindo a confecção de mapas de isovalores e a definição de zonas de manejo no campo. A correlação espacial dos atributos físicos com os componentes de produção pelo método de Cokrigagem ordinária verificou correlação espacial somente entre os atributos (solo x solo) densidade e teor de areia. A utilização da geoestatística e a construção dos mapas por meio da krigagem e cokrigagem ordinária permitiram identificar distintas zonas de manejo, ou seja, a variabilidade dos atributos do solo e da produtividade.
Arthropod bioindicators of environmental quality
Authors: Spiller Márcia Soares , Spiller Claiton , Garlet Juliana
Published: September 2018

The phylum Arthropoda is one of the most diverse groups under the terrestrial surface comprising different classes of insects that occupy different environments. Some groups have a close relationship with the habitat they occupy, responding significantly to changes in the environment, thus indicating the level of change in the environment by their presence or absence. The present study aimed to demonstrate the importance of edaphic fauna as a bioindicator of environmental quality. This is a bibliographic review based on specialized consultation of scientific articles in the databases Google Scholar, SciELO-Scientific Electronic Library and ResearchGate. The studies found that environmental quality can be measured from the diversity and abundance of arthropods that live and perform their functions in the soil. Macrofauna influences important soil chemical and physical processes such as nutrient cycling, structuring and homogenization, and increased productivity, among others. The mesofauna, besides acting on soil properties, acts on the regulation of microbial populations, is sensitive to changes and responds promptly. The groups Acari, Collembola, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Araneae are indicated in several studies as potential bioindicators because they are commonly sampled in different environments. The factors identified as conditioning factors of the presence of these groups are environmental heterogeneity, type of vegetation cover and availability of litter, applied management system, seasonality, soil characteristics, and anthropic activities, among others. In short,

because they respond quickly, the changes are considered to be efficient biological indicators; therefore, knowing the diversity of species and their degree of interaction with the environment allows us to analyze the effects of anthropic modifications in ecosystems.
Longterm temporal analysis of vegetation cover and soil use on Ilha de Mosqueiro, Belém, Pará, Amazonian Brazil
Authors: Carvalho Lima Larissa De , Brasil Neto Alberto Bentes , Costa dos Santos Cassio Rafael , Braga Aline Nascimento , Teixeira Nunes Suany Couto
Published: September 2018

Assessing the dynamics of land use is important in providing quantified estimates of the extent of ecosystem change, and so and structured planning to reduce its environmental and social impacts. The objective of the current study was to analyze the dynamics of vegetation and soil use on Ilha de Mosqueiro,

Belém, Pará State, northern Brazil, between 1984 and 2014, via digital image processing. For this purpose, satellite images of Ilha de Mosqueiro (orbit/point 224/62) were used. These comprised of Landsat 5 Satellite, Sensor TM, images for the years 1984, 1996 and 2008, and 2014 images from the Landsat Satellite 8, OLI

sensor. These images were processed so as to classify and determine the area occupied by the following classes: dense vegetation, secondary vegetation, low growth, exposed soil, urban area and other. There was a continuous reduction of the dense vegetation class between 1984 and 2008; this accounted for 67.8% of the total area the Ilha de Mosqueiro in 1984, and 31% in 2008. At the same time the class open soil showed continuous growth across all evaluated periods, representing 2.25% of land cover in 1984, increasing to 2.33% and 4.20%, in 1996 and 2014, respectively. Between 1984 and 2014, there was a great increase in the class urban area, generally associated with the generation of environmental problems, due to irregular occupation and lack of environmental and urban management of the island.
Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) injurious to grapes in the semiarid region of Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil
Authors: Carvalho Soares Jefferson Bruno , Costa Ewerton Marinho , Araujo Elton Lucio
Published: September 2018

Commercial cultivation of grapes (Vitis sp.) is expanding in the semi-arid region of Rio Grande do Norte (RN) state, Brazil. However, one of the key aspects for successful grapevine cultivation is a knowledge of the pests affecting the crop, especially in regions where cultivation is recent and in the initial phase of

expansion. Consequently, the study objective was to conduct the first-ever study of damage by bees to grapes in the semi-arid state of Rio Grande do Norte, and to quantify the losses caused by the attack. The study occurred in a vinyard planted with ‘Itália’ and ‘Isabel’ varieties, located in a semiarid region of RN, in the Mossoró municipality. Studies quantifying damage occurred in the dry season (August - September 2014) and rainy season (February - March 2015). The bees Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and Trigona spinipes Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Apidae) were observed to cause damage to bunches of grapes only during

the dry period of the year. The bees caused significant losses in the ‘Isabel’ and ‘Italia’ varieties, with 75.94 and 72.11% of bunches having more than 5% of grapes damaged, respectively.
Response of crisp lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) to organic and inorganic sources of fertilization
Authors: Algeri Alessandra , Frihling Oscar Otávio , Lettrari Lianara Segalin , Jesus Rodrigues Elaine De , Luchese Augusto Vaghetti , Sato Alessandro Jefferson
Published: September 2018

The use of organic products to promote plant growth is becoming ever-more important as the paradigm of sustainable production of foodstuffs becomes increasingly common. Accordingly, the objective of the current study was to evaluate the response of lettuce to organic and inorganic sources of nutrients in soils representative of those found in Parana State, Brazil, across successive cultivations. Experimental methodology involved randomized blocks, with5 repetitions. Treatments used were: 1- control (Test);2-100% mineral fertilizer (MF); 3- 100% chicken litter (CL); 4- 100% liquid pig manure (LMP); 5- 50:50 mixture of CL and MF (CL+MF); 6- 50:50 mixture of LMP and MF (LMP+MF) and 7- 50% CA + 50% (CL+LMP). Experimental plot size was 0.7 m², and young Verônica cultivar individuals were planted with a 0.30 x 0.30 m spacing. There were two experimental plantings: in the first, the first using the treatments described above; the second, investigated the residual effect of fertilization of the first planting. For the first cropping, highest wet (326.5 and 315.4 g plant-1)and dry (14.2 and 19.74 g plant-1) above ground biomasses, were obtained with the LMP +MF and CL+MF treatments. No significant differences were encountered for the treatments in the second harvest. The effect of mineral fertilization in the production of Veronica cultivar lettuce, is greatest when it is combined with organic fertilization such as chicken litter (CL) or liquid pig manure (LMP).
Örgütsel Muhalefet Üzerine Pozitif Psikolojik Sermayenin Etkisi: Eğitim Sektöründe Bir Çalışma
Authors: ACARAY Ali
Published: September 2018

Çalışanlar çalışma yaşamında çeşitli durum, politika
ya da uygulamalarla ilgili olarak yöneticileriyle anlaşmazlıklar ve görüş
farklılıkları yaşayabilmektedir. Bu anlaşmazlığın ve karşıt görüşlerin dile
getirilmesi örgütsel muhalefet olarak ifade edilmektedir. Örgütsel muhalefet
davranışı üzerinde bireysel, ilişkisel ve örgütsel faktörler etkili olmaktadır.
Bu çalışma bağlamında ise çalışanların ölçülebilir, geliştirilebilir ve
yönetilebilir bir özelliği olarak pozitif psikolojik sermaye bağımsız değişken
olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın temel amacı, örgütsel muhalefet
davranışı üzerine pozitif psikolojik sermayenin etkisini incelemektir. Bu amaca
yönelik olarak kolayda örnekleme yöntemiyle İstanbul ilindeki eğitim sektörünün
çeşitli özel kurumlarında tam zamanlı çalışan 267 öğretmenden toplanan veriler
yapısal eşitlik modellemesi ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçları;
pozitif psikolojik sermayenin dikey muhalefet, yatay muhalefet ve yer
değiştirmiş muhalefet boyutları üzerinde pozitif bir etkiye sahip olduğunu
ortaya koymaktadır.
Filtro Ativo de Potência Paralelo Aplicado em Sistemas Trifásicos a Quatro-fios
Authors: Campanhol Leonardo B. G. , Da Silva Sergio A. Oliveira , Goedtel Alessandro
Published: September 2018

Este trabalho apresenta o estudo de um filtro ativo de potência paralelo (FAPP), o qual é implementado utilizando três inversores monofásicos em ponte completa compartilhando o mesmo barramento CC de tensão. Os algoritmos adotados para obtenção das correntes de compensação do FAPP são baseados no sistema de eixos de referência síncrona (SRF), de forma que, em um sistema trifásico a quatro-fios, cada uma das correntes de fase possa ser controlada de maneira independente ou não. Portanto, os algoritmos de compensação são testados por meio de duas estratégias distintas. Na primeira, chamada de compensação de corrente independente por fase, o FAPP atua na compensação de potência reativa e supressão das correntes harmônicas da carga. Na segunda, o FAPP atua também na compensação dos desequilíbrios das correntes de carga. O desenvolvimento teórico é validado e o desempenho do FAPP é avaliado por meio de testes experimentais.
Modified Dual-stage Inverter Applied in a Three-phase Grid-connected Pv System Using Behavior Matching Technique
Authors: Casaro Marcio M. , Schmitz Lenon , Knaesel Carolina , Martins Denizar Cruz
Published: September 2018

This paper presents a grid-connected PV system in a centralized configuration and constructed through a three-phase dual-stage inverter. In this topology, usually, a DC-DC converter performs the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and an inverter is responsible for controlling the grid-current. For the DC-DC stage the three-phase series resonant converter (SRC3) is chosen thanks to the advantages that it exhibits. However, it is inadequate for the accomplishment of MPPT, due to its efficiency strongly dependent on the implemented deadtime and switching frequency. Then, this paper proposes a conceptual modification, i.e., a modified dual-stage inverter in which the inverter stage is responsible for both the MPPT and the grid-current control. In addition, the DC-DC converter operates with constant duty cycle and frequency. Such configuration requires a new concept, introduced as Behavior Matching. It serves as a fundamental feature for the DC-DC converter to reproduce the PV array I-V characteristic when they are connected, without control action. The maximum power operating point (MPOP) is found by maximizing the direct axis current, obtained by Park’s transformation from the inverter, through the perturbation and observation algorithm (P&O). Any specific measurement to realize MPPT is not needed. The galvanic isolation is achieved by using a high-frequency transformer. The structure is appropriate for high power applications, above 10 kW.
Formación inicial docente en una universidad chilena: percepciones de sus egresados
Authors: Soto-Hernández Valentina , Díaz Claudio Heraldo
Published: September 2018

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación que aborda las percepciones de egresados en relación con su formación inicial docente, de una universidad ubicada en la región del Biobío, Chile. El instrumento, construido ad hoc, se basó en el Marco para la Buena Enseñanza y los Estándares Pedagógicos del Ministerio de Educación. Los resultados muestran una alta satisfacción con la formación brindada por la universidad, especialmente en contenidos disciplinares y la formación teórico-práctica. El área peor evaluada corresponde a la formación sobre el sistema educacional chileno, las políticas vigentes y la profesión docente. Un análisis por campus reveló nuevos hallazgos: los profesores vinculados al campus Los Ángeles obtienen resultados significativamente más altos que aquellos del campus Concepción. En las conclusiones se discuten posibles explicaciones para entender este fenómeno y se analizan los cambios realizados en el currículo de formación de profesores.
Molecular Approach to the Identification and Phylogenetic Biogeography of Snail Telescopium telescopium Using mt-COI Gene Sequences
Authors: Palanisamy Satheesh Kumar , Chinnamani Prasanna Kumar , Paramasivam Purushothaman , Sundaresan Umamaheswari
Published: September 2018

We aimed to apply DNA barcoding tool for the molecular identification of horn snails T. telescopium using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene (mt-COI) and to investigate their evolutionary relationship along with location-specific bio-geographical variations. The molecular data sets of this study indicate that strong probability of T. telescopium species taxonomic confirmation using mt-COI sequences. Results of the phylogenetic analysis suggest that Telescopium sp. was monophyletic with disseminated nodes and the evolution of group II originated from group I. The substantial genetic distance among the mt-COI sequences (0.005 to 0.184) were noticed. Large divergence between the south-west coast of India and Australia region population indicates limited gene flow between the two continents. Our study suggests that the genera Telescopium is globally ubiquitous but genetically showing inter-region differentiation. We conclude that mt-COI gene can be used to identify gastropod T. telescopium species.
New Soil, Old Plants, and Ubiquitous Microbes: Evaluating the Potential of Incipient Basaltic Soil to Support Native Plant Growth and Influence Belowground Soil Microbial Community Composition
Authors: Sengupta Aditi , Kushwaha Priyanka , Jim Antonia , Troch Peter A. , Maier Raina
Published: September 2018

The plant-microbe-soil nexus is critical in maintaining biogeochemical balance of the biosphere. However, soil loss and land degradation are occurring at alarmingly high rates, with soil loss exceeding soil formation rates. This necessitates evaluating marginal soils for their capacity to support and sustain plant growth. In a greenhouse study, we evaluated the capacity of marginal incipient basaltic parent material to support native plant growth, and the associated variation in soil microbial community dynamics. Three plant species, native to the Southwestern Arizona-Sonora region were tested with three soil treatments including basaltic parent material, parent material amended with 20% compost, and potting soil. The parent material with and without compost supported germination and growth of all the plant species, though germination was lower than the potting soil. A 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing approach showed Proteobacteria to be the most abundant phyla in both parent material and potting soil, followed by Actinobacteria. Microbial community composition had strong correlations with soil characteristics but not plant attributes within a given soil material. Predictive functional potential capacity of the communities revealed chemoheterotrophy as the most abundant metabolism within the parent material, while photoheterotrophy and anoxygenic photoautotrophy were prevalent in the potting soil. These results show that marginal incipient basaltic soil has the ability to support native plant species growth, and non-linear associations may exist between plant-marginal soil-microbial interactions.
Control of Hydraulic Pulse System Based on the PLC and State Machine Programming
Authors: PANCIK Juraj , MAXERA Pavel
Published: September 2018

In the paper is described the control electronics for an industrial pneumatic – hydraulic system based on a low-cost PLC. The developed system is a hydraulic pulse system and it generates series of high pressure hydraulic pulses (max. 200 bar). We describe requirements, an overall concept of the embedded control system, user interface, security features and network connectivity. In the description of the software solution we describe implementation of hierarchical ordered program threads (multithreaded program) and main control state machine. At the conclusion, we describe the calibration method of the system and calibration curves and we present the schematic diagram and a photo of a functional prototype of the system.
Trustworthiness of Dynamic Moving Sensors for Secure Mobile Edge Computing
Authors: Yoon John
Published: September 2018

Wireless Sensor Network is an emerging technology and the collaboration of wireless sensors becomes one of the active research areas to utilize sensor data. Various sensors collaborate to recognize the changes of a target environment, to identify, if occurs, any radical change. For the accuracy improvement, the calibration of sensors has been discussed, and sensor data analytics are becoming popular in research and development. However, they are not satisfactorily efficient for the situations where sensor devices are dynamically moving, abruptly appearing or disappearing. If the abrupt appearance of sensors is a zero-day attack and the disappearance of sensors is an ill-functioning comrade, then sensor data analytics of untrusted sensors will result in an indecisive artifact. The pre-defined sensor requirements or meta-data based sensors verification is not adaptive to identify dynamically moving sensors. This paper describes a deep-learning approach to verify the trustworthiness of sensors by considering the sensor data only, without having to use meta-data about sensors or to request consultation from a cloud server. The contribution of this paper includes 1) quality preservation of sensor data for mining analytics and 2) authenticity verification of dynamically moving sensors with no external consultation.
The Variation on Tempo-Spatial Pattern of Main Pastoral Grasslands in China
Authors: Zhou Wei , Huang Lu , Yang Han , Nie Xuemin
Published: September 2018

In order to explore the grassland ecosystem productivity and landscape ecological patterns of main pastoral grasslands in China, it provides a theoretical basis for the efficient implementation of ecological engineering and rational management of grassland resources in the region. This study analyzed the changes in grassland area, landscape index (LSI), and net primary productivity (NPP) in seven major pastoral areas in China in 1985, 1995, 2005, and 2015. Results showed that (1) the sizes of the grassland study area in 1985, 1995, 2005, and 2015 were 248.34, 243.93, 245.80, and 244.660 km2 respectively. (2) The dominance of grassland in the landscape pattern increased from 2005 to 2015 as compared with that in 1985–1995 and 1995–2005. The degrees of spatial heterogeneity were reduced. (3) The grassland NPP showed spatial and temporal differences. The average NPP of grassland increased by 21.30%, 16.47%, and 36.17% during 1985–1995, 2005–2015, and 1985–2015, respectively. From 1995 to 2005, the average NPP decreased by 5.05 gC/m2, which is equivalent to -3.61% of the average NPP in 1995. The total amount of grassland NPP in the study area was the greatest in 2015, showing increments of 36.37% and 16.61% compared with those in 1985 and 2005, respectively.
Assessment of Nutritional Status of College-going Adolescent Girls (18+ years) Using Bioelectrical Impedance Analyzer (BIA)
Authors: Sahul Hameed R. , Rahamath Nisha A. , Muthulakshmi M. , Ananthi A.
Published: September 2018

Nutritional anthropometry is a widely accepted and commonly used technique to determine health risks associated with malnutrition. However the uses of anthropometry in large epidemiological studies have certain limitations such as some degree of measurement error, lack of trained manpower and laborious measurement process. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) is recognized as an alternative tool to anthropometry and extensively studied its suitability to measure the nutritional status of the individuals in field settings. Hence, a cross sectional study was undertaken to assess the nutritional status of college going adolescent girls (18+ years of age) by using Bioelectrical Impedance Analyzer. Total of one hundred ninety three in-house students were selected for this study based on random sampling method. Socioeconomic background of the selected participants were collected through personal interview. KaradaScan Body Composition Monitor with Scale (Model HBF-362, Omron Healthcare Company Limited, Kyoto, Japan) was used to determine the body composition of the participants. The results showed that majority of the participants were Hindu (>90%), belong to Backward and Scheduled Caste community, father work as a coolie and earn Rs. 25,000-50,000/- per annum. Based on Body Mass Index (BMI) cut off point, 50% of the participants were normal (BMI 18.5 – 24.9 kg/m2), 40% of them were underweight (BMI<18.5 kg/m2) and the remaining were overweight (BMI 25.0–30.0 kg/m2). Body composition analysis revealed that skeletal muscle and body fat content were 26.16±1.38 (ranged from 20 to 30%) and 29.02±3.56 % (ranged between 20 and 38%) of the total body weight respectively. Visceral and subcutaneous fat content were 2.70±1.65 and 22.38±4.38% of total body fat respectively. The findings indicate that the prevalence of undernutrition is higher among college going adolescent girls than over nutrition due to poor economic situation, faulty diet habits, peer pressure on body image, mental stress, lack of physical activity etc.
Development and Shelf-Life Evaluation of Functional Rabadi (A Fermented Pearl Millet Product) by Incorporation of Whey
Authors: Poonia Amrita , Kumari Arti
Published: September 2018

Rabadi, prepared by fermenting pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoideum L.) (PM) flour with buttermilk is a traditional popular beverage of North – Western states of India. A process for PM based Rabadi using fermented whey was attempted. Fermented whey and PM flour was mixed before fermentation and amount of flour, whey and temperature of fermentation were determined using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD). The product developed using 50 g PM flour, 660 ml fermented whey incubated at 37.5 oC temperature gave the most acceptable product on the basis of sensory evaluation. The standardized product was packed in indigenous pouches and stored at 4oC and 10 oC. The shelf life of the product was 8 days at 4 oC and 5 days at 10 oC respectively.
An Overview of Dietary Approaches to Prevent the Development of Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Manjula Suri , Bhardwaj Mamta , Punam Kapur , Ashok Pathak
Published: September 2018

Various researchers suggest that in up to 50% of patients with type 1 diabetes and 30% of those with type II diabetes, potentially vision-threatening retinal changes develop over time. Diabetic retinopathy is a common micro-vascular complication of diabetes mellitus. The present review outlines the dietary strategies to manage these complications of diabetes mellitus and studies the relationship between diet and retinopathy-associated risk factors in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy. Though retinopathy therapy is currently limited to invasive procedures like laser photocoagulation and vitrectomy but there is a paradigm shift in favor of a preventive and protective, natural and safe dietary approach which can be used in treatment or prevention of diabetic retinopathy. Dietary carbohydrates, fats, proteins, dietary fibers, vitamins, antioxidants, minerals, phyto-estrogens, exogenous advanced glycation end-products, herbs, spices and protective dietary approaches play a role in development of diabetic retinopathy. This rationale can be applied to food interventions e.g. changing the composition of diet which favors metabolic improvements in type II diabetes and diabetic retinopathy. The ophthalmologists should encourage an interdisciplinary approach with endocrinologists and dietitian for optimal care of diabetic patient so as to prevent the development of diabetic retinopathy.
In Vitro Studies on the Use of Some Plant Extracts as Bio control Agents against Fusarium Oxysporum Causing Rhizome Rot of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and Role of Phenolics
Authors: Jaffar S.K , Swapna M. , Madhava Rao M.
Published: September 2018

Different plant extracts were studied in vitro for their efficiency of suppressing F.oxysporum causing rhizome rot of turmeric and role of Total Phenolic Content (TPC) of plant extracts in the antifungal activity, is also studied. The selected plant leaf extracts have shown significant antifungal activity (in vitro) against the mycelial growth of F.oxysporum causing rhizome rot of turmeric. Among them, Ocimum sanctum exhibited maximum antifungal activity of 99.45% inhibition over the pathogen and it has high total phenolic content of 280mg/100g. C.procera exhibited minimum inhibition percentage of 79.68. It has also least TPC of 75mg/100g.
Development and Evaluation of Protein Rich Nutri Bites for Adolescents
Authors: Prabhu Radhika D. , Usha Devi C. , Navaneetha R.
Published: September 2018

Value addition of foods is of current interest because of increasing nutritional awareness among consumers. Adolescents’ protein requirements are high and hence value addition using millets is one way to meet the protein needs particularly through baked foods. An investigation was undertaken to develop protein rich nutri bites. Standardization trials indicated that incorporation of 10% jowar,5% bajra,10% foxtail millet,10% whole wheat flour,5% refined wheat flour, 20% groundnuts,10% almonds,5% chia seeds,5% watermelon seeds,5% whey protein,10% butter and 5% spices was highly accepted. The present study aimed at sensory evaluation, proximate analysis and shelf life study of the protein rich nutri bites (value added baked snack).The products were subjected to sensory evaluation by 25 semi trained panelists. Sensory qualities included appearance, colour, texture, taste, odour and overall acceptability. A 9-point hedonic rating scale was used. There was no statistical significant (p>0.05) difference with respect to texture and overall acceptability. The developed product contained 2.91% moisture, 19.8g protein, 20.06g fat, 1.65g total fiber, 2.9g ash, 51.9g carbohydrate and 422.02kcal energy per 100g on dry weight basis with a shelf life of 15-30 days. In adolescents this would replace junk food and also prevent overeating as it provides satiety. It is also useful for fitness enthusiasts as protein helps in building muscles.
Nutritional Status of the Population in Bundelkhand Region
Authors: Boiroju Naveen Kumar , K. Venkaiah
Published: September 2018

The Bundelkhand is one of the underdeveloped regions of India. It comprises of six districts of Madhya Pradesh and seven districts of Uttar Pradesh. The study was to assess and compare the nutritional status of population in two sub regions of Bundelkhand. The district level data used in the study were compiled and analyzed from the Annual Health Survey (AHS) conducted in Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh during 2013-14 by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, in collaboration with the Registrar General of India. Descriptive statistics were computed using SPSS software and the prevalence was expressed in percentages with a 95% confidence interval. Spatial distribution of underweight and anemia among under five children were being studied using GIS mapping. The study showed that two out of five under five-year-old children are underweight, half of the under five children are stunted and one out of five children is wasted in Bundelkhand. There was a clear variation in the nutritional status of under five children observed in the two regions of Bundelkhand. Bundelkhand region showed a higher prevalence of underweight and stunting as compared to rest of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh states. One out of three school aged children and one out of five adolescents were undernourished in the Bundelkhand. One out of four adults was suffering from chronic energy deficiency in this region. More than 80% of the population in Bundelkhand was suffering from anemia. Three districts viz Lalitpur, Mahoba and Banda have a relatively low prevalence of underweight and anemia among under five-year-old children. The spatial distribution of underweight and anemia among under five-year-old children is not random in Bundelkhand. District-wise perspective is essential in addressing the malnutrition and it can also be used to design appropriate regional programs intended to reduce the malnutrition.
Dietary Recall and Nutritional Index in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Sasanka P. , Geetha K. , Kiranmayi V.S. , Vishnubhotla Sivakumar
Published: September 2018

Maintenance of good nutrition forms an important component of management of Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) patients and can be achieved through regular assessment of dietary nutrient intake, appropriate dietary advice and monitoring of patient compliance with respect to adherence to dietary advice. Thirty one patients (18 males and 13 females) undergoing CAPD were studied. Information on their dietary intake was collected by dietary recall method. Data was analysed using nutrition software, “dietsoft” and dietary intake of various food components was compared with the prescribed and recommended allowance. Nutritional Risk Index (NRI) score was calculated to assess severity of malnourishment. Mean calorie intake was as per recommendation; carbohydrate and protein intake was lesser and fat intake was more than recommended intake in males and females. All essential amino acids measured in the diet of females was more than recommended levels; in males, intake of lysine, threonine, tryptophan and histidine was more and that of methionine was less than the recommendation. Among minerals measured, both groups of patients consumed lower amounts of sodium, potassium, iron, zinc and magnesium, and higher amounts of phosphorus than recommended. The intake of riboflavin, pyridoxine, niacin and vitamin A was lower in both groups, whereas in males, there was a deficient intake of thiamine, vitamin B12 and vitamin C also. 27% of the patients were at risk of severe malnourishment. Findings showed deficient intake of a majority of nutrients by CAPD patients which might result in adverse clinical outcomes. Thus, there is a need for periodical evaluation and appropriate modification of the diet plan of patients undergoing CAPD. The dietary assessment helps in monitoring adherence of patients to dietary advice, timely identification of deficient intake, and initiation of supplementation, if required.
Impacts of Early‐ and Late‐Terminated Cover Crops on Gas Fluxes
Authors: Ruis Sabrina J. , Blanco‐Canqui Humberto , Jasa Paul J. , Ferguson Richard B. , Slater Glen
Published: September 2018

Cover crops (CCs) could alter soil processes, but the effects of early versus late termination of CCs on gas fluxes are not well known. We evaluated temporal changes in fluxes of CO2, N2O, and CH4 and related soil properties in no‐till corn (Zea mays L.) with and without winter rye (Secale cereale L.) CCs that were terminated early (30 d before planting) or late (at planting) in a rainfed silty clay loam and an irrigated silt loam in Nebraska from April 2016 to June 2017. Gas fluxes, soil temperature, and soil water content were measured biweekly to monthly, and wet aggregate stability and particulate organic matter concentrations were measured seasonally. We also compared our results with a global literature review. Late‐terminated CCs did not affect CH4 fluxes but increased daily CO2 fluxes by 59% compared with no CC at both sites and N2O fluxes by 92% at the rainfed site only. Early termination did not affect gas fluxes. Termination date did not affect cumulative fluxes and had minimal effects on soil properties. The literature review supports our study results, which indicate that CC effects on (i) CO2 fluxes are driven by plant respiration during the CC growing period, and (ii) N2O and CH4 fluxes are minimal under grass CCs. Overall, under no‐till, CC termination date has small effects on N2O and CH4 fluxes, but late CC termination can increase CO2 fluxes in spring due to greater biomass yield compared with early termination.

Core Ideas

Early‐terminated cover crops had limited effects on CO2 fluxes in this study.

Late‐terminated cover crops increased CO2 flux mainly in spring due to higher cover crop biomass yield.

Cover crop termination effects on N2O and CH4 fluxes were generally nonsignificant.

Our literature review showed cover crops affected CO2 mostly during their growing period.

Our literature results also showed grass cover crops had limited effects on N2O.
Association of SSR and Candidate Gene Markers with Genetic Variations in Summer Heat and Drought Performance for Creeping Bentgrass
Authors: Jespersen David , Ma Xiqing , Bonos Stacy A. , Belanger Faith C. , Raymer Paul , Huang Bingru
Published: September 2018

Identification of molecular markers linked to physiological traits for stress tolerance is important for understanding the underlying genetics and breeding for improving plant stress tolerance. The objectives of the current study were to evaluate genotypic variations in a population of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stoloniferaL.) germplasm for summer performance and drought tolerance under field conditions, and to validate candidate gene and quantitative trait locus (QTL) markers associated with physiological traits for stress tolerance in two locations differing in climate conditions. The trials were conducted in 2014 and 2015 in field plots covered under automatic rainout shelters in Georgia and New Jersey. Phenotypic and physiological traits, including visual turf quality ratings, membrane stability, chlorophyll content, normalized difference vegetative index, and leaf water content, were evaluated for heat tolerance during summer months and for drought tolerance. Using association analysis, phenotypic and physiological traits were measured to confirm linkage to 29 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and five candidate gene markers. Significant associations between traits and markers were found for 24 of the 34 molecular markers for the bentgrass population exposed to summer heat stress or drought stress. Those markers with significant associations may be useful in marker‐assisted selection and understanding how specific genetic regions influence abiotic stress tolerance in creeping bentgrass.
Soil Specific Surface Area Determination by Visible Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Knadel Maria , Arthur Emmanuel , Weber Peter , Moldrup Per , Greve Mogens Humlekrog , Chrysodonta Zampella Pittaki , de Jonge Lis W.
Published: September 2018

Core Ideas

Feasibility of using vis–NIRS for SSA determination in a highly variable data set was investigated

Acceptable predictive ability for SSA using PLS and iPLS was obtained.

iPLS resulted in little improved accuracy for both SSA and clay

iPLS indicated a higher specificity of SSA than of clay response

The important wavelengths reflected the organo‐mineral composition and its interactions

The soil specific surface area (SSA) affects soil physical and chemical properties. Numerous studies applied visible near‐infrared spectroscopy (Vis–NIRS) to estimate clay content (particles < 2 µm). Since SSA is better defined and more directly related to particle size distribution and mineralogy than clay content, predictions of SSA from Vis–NIRS are expected to be better than that for clay. Thus, the aims of this study were to (i) test the feasibility of using Vis–NIRS for SSA determination, (ii) compare the predictive ability of Partial Least Squares (PLS) model of SSA with that of clay, (iii) identify important wavelengths using interval Partial Least Squares (iPLS) regression, and to test if the application of iPLS improves the predictive ability of the models. A total of 550 soil samples with a wide range in SSA (3–437 m2g–1) and clay content (1–83%) was divided into a calibration and a validation set. The PLS models had similar predictive ability for SSA (ratio of performance to interquartile range, RPIQ = 1.7) and clay content (RPIQ = 1.6). Utilizing iPLS led to only limited improvement in the prediction accuracy (RPIQ of 1.8 and 1.7 for SSA and clay content, respectively), yet decreased the number of relevant wavelengths and indicated a higher specificity of SSA over the broader spectral response of clay. The important wavelengths for SSA and clay predictions were indicative of the organo‐mineral content and its interactions, including spectral response from not only iron oxides and minerals but also organic matter due to masking effect of the non‐complexed organic carbon on the mineral phases of some of the soils.
Giving Advice and Responding to it in a Spanish Discussion among Puerto Ricans
Authors: Pinilla-Herrera Angela
Published: September 2018

Although advice is considered in many languages as a face-threatening speech act; in Spanish it is often seen as a solidarity-building tool that shows closeness among the interlocutors.  This study analyzes the advice sequences in a conversation between a Puerto Rican couple in order to identify the strategies, types of sentences, and reactions that took place during the verbal exchange.  Results show evidence that -contrary to building solidarity among Spanish speakers- advice can also serve as a tool for questioning, criticizing, and demeaning the interlocutor.
Forecasting the level of financial security of the country (on the example of Ukraine)
Authors: Antoni Haber Józef , Bukhtiarova Alina , Chorna Svitlana , Iastremska Olesia , Bolgar Tetiana
Published: September 2018

In the conditions of functioning of economic relations, which arise between subjects of the financial system of Ukraine, the question of creating safe conditions for their activity is increasingly being raised. Attention is paid to the investigation of the state of financial security of the country as a component of economic security, in terms of its key elements, which allows attention to the most important indicators and to develop measures to prevent existing threats.The purpose of the paper is to forecast the level of financial security of the country based on regression analysis of impacts factors. The object of the study is the financial system as a mechanism, which is aimed at the activities of financial security subjects of the country to ensure its proper level. As a result of the regression analysis, it was found that changing in the country’s banking security by 1% will decrease the overall financial security index by 0.04 points, while the non-banking market will grow by 0.07 and the monetary component will decrease by 0.51.Based on the calculation of the arithmetic mean of absolute deviations of independent variables, the estimated value of Ukraine’s financial security level is calculated, which is 40.09% in 2018.Proposals for improving the “Methodological Recommendations for Calculating the Level of Economic Security of Ukraine” will help to solve the problem of mathematical substantiation of the choice of indicators for assessing financial security, minimize risks, eliminate subjectivity and improve the efficiency and the quality of the country’s financial security assessment methodology.The article deals with the issues of the financial component of economic security as the main element of ensuring sustainable financial development of the country.
Аутопсихологическая компетентность менеджеров среднего звена: функции, показатели, проекции
Authors: Астапенко Евгения Викторовна
Published: September 2018

It is analyzed the problem of the autopsychological competence, specificity of its manifestationin professional work of managers. There are distinguished features of influenceof autopsychological processes on efficiency degree in professional work.
Оценки подростками своей эффективности в ситуации семейного функционирования
Authors: Погорелова Елена Ивановна
Published: September 2018

The article examines adolescents’ effectiveness in family functioning situations. The concept of self-efficacy refers to the subject’s perceptions and judgments about its abilities to act successfully in a particular situation. An analysis of literature shows that the primary experience of teenagers’ self-efficacy is formed by family. Systemof family functioning and resilience of the family play an important role in shaping of the sense of efficacy. The resilience of the family is regarded as a dynamic process, which allows adapt successfully to difficult life circumstances. It was suggested that adolescents whoevaluate their effectiveness highly in conflict situations with parents, at the same time perceive their parents in the different life circumstances more positive and effective. Research methods were chosen in accordance with the purposes of study, including the application of mathematical methods of statistics for accurate and objectivemeasurements. An analysis of the empirical data confirmed the hypothesis. It was found that girls and boys with high efficacy evaluations in conflict situations imagine their parents as authoritative and supportive in difficult circumstances. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that it reveals general factors of adolescents’ self-efficacy in the family functioning. The assessment adolescents’ self-efficacy in the difficult family situations correlates with adolescents’ perceptionof their parents.
Люминесценция и стимулированное излучение поликристаллических пленок Cu(In,Ga)Se-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-, осажденных методом магнетотронного напыления
Authors: Свитенков И.Е. , Павловский В.Н. , Луценко Е.В. , Яблонский Г.П. , Ширипов В.Я. , Хохлов Е.А. , Мудрый А.В. , Живулько В.Д. , Бородавченко О.М. , Якушев М.В.
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe stimulated emission of Cu(In,Ga)Se_2 alloy thin films formed by magnetron-assisted sputtering onto a sodium-fluoride layer deposited onto a molybdenum layer on a glass substrate is observed. The structural and optical parameters of the films are determined by scanning electron microscopy, local X-ray spectral microanalysis, X-ray structural analysis, and low-temperature luminescence ( T = 10 K) measurements in the range of excitation levels of 1.6–75 kW cm^–2 provided by nanosecond nitrogen-laser pulses. The stimulated emission threshold corresponds to ~25 kW cm^–2. Comparative analysis of the emission of Cu(In,Ga)Se_2 thin films suggests that the introduction of sodium results in significant improvement of the structural quality, specifically, in a decrease in the density of energy states in the band tails and in a decrease in the concentration of nonradiative-recombination centers.
Анализ особенностей деградации, вызываемой горячими носителями, в транзисторах с каналом в форме плавника
Authors: Макаров А.А. , Тягинов С.Э. , Kaczer B. , Jech M. , Chasin A. , Grill A. , Hellings G. , Векслер М.И. , Linten D. , Grasser T.
Published: September 2018

AbstractFor the first time, hot-carrier degradation (HCD) is simulated in non-planar field-effect transistors with a fin-shaped channel (FinFETs). For this purpose, a physical model considering single-carrier and multiple-carrier silicon–hydrogen bond breaking processes and their superpositions is used. To calculate the bond-dissociation rate, carrier energy distribution functions are used, which are determined by solving the Boltzmann transport equation. A HCD analysis shows that degradation is localized in the channel region adjacent to the transistor drain in the top channel-wall region. Good agreement between the experimental and calculated degradation characteristics is achieved with the same model parameters which were used for HCD reproduction in planar short-channel transistors and high-power semiconductor devices.