bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deciphering the Enigmatic Origin of Guyana's Diamonds
Authors: Bassoo Roy , Befus Kenneth S. , Liang Peng , Forman Steven L. , Sharman Glenn
Published: June 2020

Diamonds have long been mined from alluvial terrace deposits within the rainforest of Guyana, South America. No primary kimberlite deposits have been discovered in Guyana, nor have there been previous studies on the mineralogy and origin of the diamonds. Paleoproterozoic terranes in Guyana are prospective to diamond occurrences because the most productive deposits are associated spatially with the eastern escarpment of the Paleoproterozoic Roraima Supergroup. Geographic proximity suggests that the diamonds are detrital grains eroding from the <1.98 Ga conglomerates, metamorphosed to zeolite and greenschist facies. The provenance and paragenesis of the alluvial diamonds are described using a suite of placer diamonds from different locations across the Guiana Shield. Guyanese diamonds are typically small, and those in our collection range from 0.3 to 2.7 mm in diameter; octahedral and dodecahedral, with lesser cubic and minor macle forms. The diamonds are further subdivided into those with abraded and non-abraded surfaces. Abraded diamonds show various colors in cathodoluminescence, whereas most non-abraded diamonds appear blue. In all populations, diamonds are predominantly colorless, with lesser brown to yellow and very rare white. Diamonds are predominantly Type IaAB and preserve moderate nitrogen aggregation and total nitrogen concentrations ranging from trace to ~1971 ppm. The kinetics of nitrogen aggregation indicate mantle-derived residence temperatures of 1124 ± 100 °C, assuming residence times of 1.3 and 2.6 Ga for abraded and non-abraded diamonds, respectively. The diamonds are largely sourced from the peridotitic to eclogitic lithospheric upper mantle based on both δ13C values of –5.82 ± 2.45‰ (VPDB-LSVEC) and inclusion suites predominantly comprised of forsterite, enstatite, Cr-pyrope, chromite, rutile, clinopyroxene, coesite, and almandine garnet. Detrital, accessory minerals are non-kimberlitic. Detrital zircon geochronology indicates diamondiferous deposits are predominantly sourced from Paleoproterozoic rocks of 2079 ± 88 Ma.
Phase relationships in the system ZnS-CuInS2: Insights from a nanoscale study of indium-bearing sphalerite
Authors: Xu Jing , Ciobanu Cristiana L. , Cook Nigel J. , Slattery Ashley , Li Xiaofeng , Kontonikas-Charos Alkiviadis
Published: June 2020

Micrometer- to submicrometer-scale indium-rich domains are preserved within sphalerite included in hornfels-hosted pyrrhotite from the Dulong polymetallic skarn, Yunnan, China. The nano-mineralogy of the ZnS-bearing blebs was investigated using scanning transmission electron microscopy on thinned foils extracted in situ from pyrrhotite. Indium incorporation in sphalerite occurs via the coupled substitution 2Zn2+ ↔ Cu+ + In3+; the results thus allow insights into phase relationships in the system ZnS-CuInS2 in which solubility limits are debated with respect to a cubic to tetragonal phase transition. The highest concentrations of In are measured in basket-weave domains from the smallest ZnS blebs or from un-patterned areas in coarser, irregular ZnS inclusions in pyrrhotite. Indium-rich domains contain 17–49 mol% CuInS2, whereas In-poor sphalerite contains <5 mol% CuInS2. Atomic-scale metal ordering observed in In-(Cu)-rich ZnS domains was modeled as mixed sites in a cubic structure with P43m symmetry and empirical formula [(Cu,In,Zn)3(Zn0.5Fe0.5)]4S4. This sphalerite modification is distinct from the cubic-tetragonal phase transition reported elsewhere for analogous, synthetic phases with abundant planar defects. The Zn1.5Fe0.5CuInS4 nanophase described here potentially represents a Fe-bearing polymorph of Zn2CuInS4, considered as an end-member in the sakuraiite solid-solution series. At ≤50 mol% CuInS2 in the ZnS-CuInS2 system, incorporation of In via coupled In+Cu substitution is promoted within a cubic ZnS phase with lower symmetry than sphalerite rather than into the spatially coexisting chalcopyrite of tetragonal symmetry. Solid-state diffusion accounts for phase re-equilibration resulting in the basket-weave textures typical of In-(Cu)-rich domains in the smallest blebs, whereas fluid percolation assists grain coarsening in the irregular inclusions. The results show evidence for the existence of a more complex phase transition than previously recognized from experimental studies, and, intriguingly, also to a potential eutectic in the system ZnS-CuInS2. Pyrrhotite-bearing hornfels in skarns may concentrate In and other critical metals hosted in sphalerite and related sulfides due to the efficient scavenging from fluid by these minerals and the subsequent preservation of those included phases by sealing within the pyrrhotite matrix.
Influence of financial indicators on earnings management behavior: evidence from Vietnamese commercial banks
Authors: Quoc Thinh Tran , Ngoc Anh Thu Tran
Published: June 2020

The quality of financial disclosures is of great importance than ever, as Vietnam’s international economic integration has been accelerating recently. This issue is currently particularly worrying for the banking sector in Vietnam, as banks play a vital role in economic development. However, there is a growing concern that managers tend to manipulate financial information using earnings management techniques to meet analyst expectations and to enhance the firm value in the short term. Such behavior can lead to inappropriateness in the decision-making process of financial statement users, as well as impair firm value in the long term. Therefore, this study examines the impact of factors related to financial indicators on earnings management of Vietnamese commercial banks to give more insight into the issue. The data of this study was collected from a sample of 30 Vietnamese commercial banks during a 5-year period from 2015 to 2019. By using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression method through Eviews 10.0, the findings revealed that financial leverage and loan loss provision have a positive and significant impact on earnings management. Also, bank size and profitability were negatively associated with earnings management. Based on these findings, in the context of Vietnam, the study proposed policy suggestions to improve the quality of accounting information and to assist users of financial statements in recognizing and restricting earnings management in commercial banks.
Blogging in Extensive Reading: Students’ Voice in Blended Learning Classroom
Authors: Fatimah Asri Siti , Kardijan Dian , Sulastri Fera
Published: June 2020

The use of a blog as a platform for extensive reading becomes valuable since it provides the possibility of readership and opportunity for interaction and collaboration. As the online journal facilitating users to display information in chronological order and connected to the Internet, the blog also can help students to get a wide variety of reading materials, which should be conducted in extensive reading activities. However, the use of a blog in this study is integrated with the process of learning in the classroom so that the students can use it for reporting their reading activities and share what they read beyond the classroom. This study is conducted during one semester in one of the universities in Indonesia using six students of the first grade joining an extensive reading course as the participants. In this research, a case study is used as a research method. It aims at analyzing the students' perception of the use of blogs in extensive reading. Findings show that the blog is beneficial for promoting the students' reading interest, building autonomy and creativity, and providing a reflective platform. The blog consists of several features allowing students to get the numerous reading sources that are appropriate with their language level and interest. Therefore, it becomes useful since it can facilitate students to build their responsibility to select their reading material and to reflect the progress of their learning activities.
Quantitative analysis of 209 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in sediments of the Raritan River estuary, USA
Authors: Li Ya-nan , Li Jing , Shao Zhiwei , Duan Zhihui , Xie Yu , Cui Zhitai , Li Jinyuan , Zhou Haoyi , Chen Mengjie , Li Sicheng , Chen Chengyu
Published: June 2020

This study investigated the distribution of 209 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in sediment samples collected from seven sites in the Raritan River estuary (NJ, USA) using gas chromatography/tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS). Results showed that concentrations of 209 PCB congeners ranged up to 20 ng/g, that total PCB concentrations by homolog groups varied from 9.0 to 327 ng/g, and that total PCB mass ranged from 101.0 to 1,476.3 ng with the order of sites 6 > 7 > 3 > 4 > 2 > 1 > 5. Furthermore, higher PCB concentrations were detected for homolog groups including hexa- and hepta-PCBs. More PCBs were associated with sediments at downstream sites possibly due to accumulation and deposition in the estuary, as supported by strong correlations of PCB concentrations between different sampling sites (R2 ≤ 0.96). Comparisons with prior reports showed that all total PCB concentrations were below those reported by the Contamination Assessment and Reduction Project (CARP) and Delaware River Basin Commission (DRBC), except for sites 6 and 7. Sites 3 and 4 had PCB concentrations exceeding the 22.7 ng/g limit of the Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs), whereas sites 6 and 7 exceeded the 180 ng/g limit, indicating potential health hazards from PCBs.
De contos a curtas: a formação de leitores na escola
Authors: Volmer Lovani , Heller Sabrine , Carvalho Ana , Ramos Flavia
Published: June 2020

Este estudo discute a importância da literatura na constituição do sujeito e analisa um projeto de leitura com alunos de Ensino Médio como possibilidade de abordagem do texto literário na escola, a partir de contos de Machado de Assis. Com base especialmente em Candido (1995), Iser (1979), Larrosa (2003) e Petit (2008), o estudo discute fundamentos para um trabalho transformador com a literatura, que seja espaço de cognição,  criação e fruição, no qual os alunos--leitores-produtores possam, ao compreenderem o mundo no papel, compreenderem a si mesmos, aos outros e serem criadores de mundos.
Investigando representações de masculinidades em capas de revistas para o público LGBT+
Authors: Bezerra Fábio Alexandre Silva , Ferreira Rocha Ana Flora
Published: June 2020

Na sociedade contemporânea, há um número crescente de textos multimodais e de recursos tecnológicos que constroem representações sociais e estabelecem relações interpessoais, que, por sua vez, influenciam a maneira como entendemos nossas experiências cotidianas nos mais diversos contextos. Neste artigo, investigamos representações de masculinidades presentes em capas de revistas produzidas para o público LGBT+. Com base nos estudos de Kress e van Leeuwen (2006) em sua gramática do design visual, bem como em conceitos propostos pela Análise Crítica do Discurso (ACD) de Fairclough (1989), além de estudos de gênero social (LOPES, 2006; CONNELL, 2005), foram analisadas seis capas da revista MaisJR, com circulação nacional, tendo sido escolhida por ter a maior tiragem entre revistas do gênero no Brasil. Nessas capas, buscamos encontrar aspectos que nos ajudassem a entender se tais representações contribuem para a manutenção de uma visão hegemônica de masculinidade, ou se, ao contrário, ajudam a desconstruir padrões conhecidos na sociedade e propagados em outros meios. Após a seleção das capas, fizemos a análise multimodal e discutimos os resultados textuais encontrados com base em conceitos da ACD. Resultados gerais indicam que a revista trabalha com uma política editorial que favorece a propagação de valores hegemônicos no que diz respeito a masculinidades, valorizando o homem forte, musculoso, que possui pelos no corpo e que transmite a ideia de poder por meio do vestuário e/ou de como se comporta no meio social.
RODA DE CONVERSA
Authors: Elali Gleice Azambuja
Published: June 2020

Roda de Conversa realizada com a participaçao de 08 professores doutores e pesquisadores brasileiros para, diante do advento do Covid2020, discutir do tema em foco e marcar o que teria sido a abertura do ENEAC2020, que aconteceria em Natal/RN entre os dias 13 e 15/maio/2020, mas foi adiado para 28 a 30/outubro do mesmo ano.
Recent Advances in Lipid-based Nanodrug Delivery Systems in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Layek Buddhadev , Gidwani Bina , Tiwari Sakshi , Joshi Veenu , Jain Vishal , Vyas Amber
Published: June 2020

Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, with every sixth death being attributable to cancer.
Nevertheless, the efficacy of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs is often limited due to their poor solubility,
unfavorable pharmacokinetic profile, and lack of tumor selectivity. The use of nanotechnology provides an
opportunity to enhance the efficacy of a chemotherapeutic drug by improving its bioavailability and pharmacokinetic
profile while facilitating preferential accumulation at the tumor tissue. To date, a variety of platforms have
been investigated as nanocarriers in oncology, which include lipid-based, polymer-based, inorganic materials, and
even viruses. Among different nanocarriers, lipid-based delivery systems have been extensively used in oncology
because of their biocompatibility, biodegradability, ability to encapsulate diverse drug molecules, high temporal
and thermal stability, and offer prolonged and controlled drug release. This review discusses the current status of
the lipid-based nanocarriers and their applications in cancer treatment as well as an overview of the different
liposomal formulations commercially available for cancer therapy.
Microwave: A Green Contrivance for the Synthesis of N-Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Lambat Trimurti L. , Chopra Paavan Kavi Param Gaitry , Mahmood Sami H.
Published: June 2020

Microwave Mediated Organic Synthesis (MMOS) is typical on the proficient heat
shift carried out by dielectric heating, which in turn, is primarily dependent on the capability
of the reagent or solvent to take up microwave energy. The employment of microwave energy
has witnessed a fast expansion in the past two decades, with novel and pioneering
applications in peptide and organic synthesis, material sciences, polymer chemistry, biochemical
processes and nanotechnology. This review summarizes current MW- mediated
catalytic reactions in use for the synthesis of a diversity of N-heterocycles by Multi-
Component Reactions (MCRs) and a variety of miscellaneous reactions. In addition, the
review addresses some aspects of the use of nanoparticles for a diversity of applications in
microwave chemistry.
Omics Insight on Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat for Translational Research Perspective
Authors: Teli Basavaraj , Purohit Jyotika , Rashid Md. Mahtab , Jailani A. Abdul Kader , Chattopadhyay Anirudha
Published: June 2020

In the scenario of global warming and climate change, an outbreak of new pests and pathogens
has become a serious concern owing to the rapid emergence of arms races, their epidemic infection,
and the ability to break down host resistance, etc. Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one such evidence
that depredates major cereals throughout the world. The symptomatological perplexity and aetiological
complexity make this disease very severe, engendering significant losses in the yield. Apart
from qualitative and quantitative losses, mycotoxin production solemnly deteriorates the grain quality
in addition to life endangerment of humans and animals after consumption of toxified grains above the
permissible limit. To minimize this risk, we must be very strategic in designing sustainable management
practices constituting cultural, biological, chemical, and host resistance approaches. Even though
genetic resistance is the most effective and environmentally safe strategy, a huge genetic variation and
unstable resistance response limit the holistic deployment of resistance genes in FHB management.
Thus, the focus must shift towards the editing of susceptible (S) host proteins that are soft targets of
newly evolving effector molecules, which ultimately could be exploited to repress the disease development
process. Hence, we must understand the pathological, biochemical, and molecular insight of
disease development in a nutshell. In the present time, the availability of functional genomics, proteomics,
and metabolomics information on host-pathogen interaction in FHB have constructed various
networks which helped in understanding the pathogenesis and coherent host response(s). So now
translation of this information for designing of host defense in the form of desirable resistant variety/
genotype is the next step. The insights collected and presented in this review will be aiding in the
understanding of the disease and apprise a solution to the multi-faceted problems which are related to
FHB resistance in wheat and other cereals to ensure global food safety and food security.
High Prevalence of AH in HIV Patients on ART, in Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Vargas-Pacherrez Daniel , Brites Carlos , Cotrim Helma P. , Daltro Carla
Published: June 2020

Introduction:

The prevalence of arterial hypertension (AH) in HIV-patients is highly
variable and its association with antiretroviral therapy (ART) is controversial.

Objective:

To estimate the prevalence of AH and associated factors in HIV-patients on ART.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted in HIV-patients attended in a referral center in
Salvador, Brazil. We evaluated clinical, socio-demographic and anthropometric data. Student's ttests
or Mann-Whitney's and Pearson's chi-square tests were used to compare the groups. Values of
p <0.05 were considered significant. The variables that presented a value of p <0.20 were included
in a logistic regression model.

Results:

We evaluated 196 patients (60.7% male) with a mean age of 46.8 ± 11.7 years and a mean
body mass index of 24.9 ± 5.3 kg / m2. The median elapsed time since HIV diagnosis and ART use
was 11.8 (4.4 - 18.1) and 7.2 (2.7 - 15.3) years, respectively. The prevalence of AH was 41.8%. For
individuals > 50 years old, there was a significant association between the increased abdominal circumference
and AH and patients ≤ 50 years old presented significant association between AH and
overweight, increased abdominal circumference and number of previous ART regimens. After multivariate
analysis, age [OR:1.085; 95% CI 1,039 – 1,133], overweight [OR: 4.205; 95% CI 1,841 –
9,606], family history of AH [OR: 2.938; 95% CI 1,253 – 6.885], increased abdominal circumference
[OR: 2.774; 95% CI 1.116 – 6.897] and life-time number of ART regimens used [OR: 3.842;
95% CI 1.307 – 11.299] remained associated with AH.

Conclusion:

AH was highly prevalent and was associated not only with classical risk factors for arterial
hypertension, but also with specific ART regimens.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Phenoxy-Substituted Enediyne- Triazole Conjugates Using Click Chemistry
Authors: Joshi Mukesh C.
Published: June 2020

Novel group of phenoxy-substituted enediyne-triazole conjugates were synthesized by
Huisgen [3+2] cycloaddition reaction (Click chemistry) in aqueous media. It was observed that enediynes
were stable in aqueous medium and open-air conditions.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Screening of Some Pyrazole Derivatives Catalyzed by Cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB)
Authors: Bansal Ravi , Soni Pradeep K. , Gupta Neha , Bhagyawant Sameer S. , Halve Anand K.
Published: June 2020

Aims:

In this article, we have developed an eco-friendly one-pot multi-component reaction methodology
employed for the green synthesis of functionalized pyrazole derivatives viz cyclo-condensation of aromatic
aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate and phenyl hydrazine and/or hydrazine hydrate in the presence of cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide
(CTAB) at 90°C temperature in an aqueous medium.

Materials and Methods:

In the present protocol, we developed a green method for the synthesis of functionalized
pyrazole derivatives through one-pot, multi-component cyclo-condensation of aromatic aldehydes, phenyl hydrazine
or hydrazine hydrate and ethyl acetoacetate using cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB) as a catalyst in water as
a solvent. Our methodology confers advantages such as short reaction time, atom economy, purification of the product
without using column chromatographic and hazardous solvent. The reaction is being catalyzed by cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide
(CTAB) and thus, products are formed under the green reaction conditions.

Results and Discussion:

Initially, the reaction of benzaldehyde and phenylhydrazine with ethyl acetoacetate was carried
out in water at room temperature in the absence of the catalyst; no product was obtained after 24 h. When the reaction
was carried out using L-proline as a catalyst in ethanol at 70°C, the yield of the product was 20%.

Conclusion:

This research not only provides a green and efficient method for the synthesis of sulfinic esters but
also shows new applications of electrochemistry in organic synthesis. We consider that this green and efficient
synthetic protocol used to prepare sulfinic esters will have good applications in the future. In conclusion, we have
developed successfully a green and efficient one-pot multi-component methodology for the synthesis of substituted
pyrazoles using CTAB as a catalyst in water as a solvent with excellent yields. Purifications of compounds
were achieved without the use of traditional chromatographic procedures. This methodology has advantages of
operational simplicity, clean reaction profiles and relatively broad scope, which make it more attractive for the
diversity oriented synthesis of these heterocyclic libraries. In this methodology, we suggest a further alternative
possibility for the formation of substituted pyrazoles. The compound 7h can be used as an anticancer drug in the
pharma industry.
Fragment-based Discovery of Potential Anticancer Lead: Computational and in vitro Studies
Authors: Balgoname Abdulmalek A. , Alomair Sufyan M. , AlMubirek Abdulrahman K. , Khedr Mohammed A.
Published: June 2020

Background:

The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) plays a role in the
propagation of different types of cancers. It was identified in many types of cancer tissues like;
breast, ovarian, lung, prostate, and stomach cancers. Therefore, inhibition of HER2 can lead to the
discovery of novel anticancer agents.

Objective:

The study aims to discover a lead scaffold with drug-like properties and high affinity
toward HER2.

Methods:

A list of HER2 inhibitors were collected, analyzed, and subjected to fragmentation and
molecular docking. The in silico study computed the affinity, clash score, and ligand entropy score.
A pharmacophore model for an ideal inhibitor designed, and tested against breast, lung, and prostatic
cancer cell lines.

Results:

The discovered lead compound achieved several hydrogen bonds with the primary residues
found in the active site of HER2, such as; Met801, Gln99, Lys753, and Thr862 with a computational
affinity – 13.45 kcal/mol. In addition to a hydrophobic interaction with leu800. The in vitro
cytotoxic activity against; breast cancer MCF-7, prostatic cancer PC-3 and lung cancer A-549 cell
lines showed (IC50 = 86.38 ±1.1 mmol/ml), (IC50 = 157.02 ±1.3 mmol/ml), and (IC50 = 181.1
±2.4 mmol/ml) respectively.

Conclusion:

The discovered lead is an excellent drug-like candidate for further development and
optimization.
Anticancer Perspectives on the Fungal-Derived Polyphenolic Hispolon
Authors: Islam Muhammad T. , Ali Eunus S. , Khan Ishaq N. , Shaw Subrata , Uddin Shaikh Jamal , Rouf Razina , Dev Shrabanti , Saravi Seyed S.S. , Das Niranjan , Tripathi Swati , Yele Santosh U. , Das Asish K. , Shilpi Jamil A. , Mishra Siddhartha K. , Mubarak Mohammad S.
Published: June 2020

Background:

Cancer is a dreadful disease causing thousands of deaths per year worldwide, which
requires precision diagnostics and therapy. Although the selection of therapeutic regimens depends on the cancer
type, chemotherapy remains a sustainable treatment strategy despite some of its known side-effects. To date,
a number of natural products and their derivatives or analogues have been investigated as potent anticancer
drugs. These drug discoveries have aimed for targeted therapy and reduced side-effects, including natural therapeutic
regimens.

Objective:

This review introduces a prospective fungal-derived polyphenol, Hispolon (HIS), as an anticancer
agent. Accordingly, this review focuses on exploring the anticancer effect of hispolon based on information
extracted from databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, MedLine, Web of Science, and Google Scholar.

Methods:

A literature search in PubMed, ScienceDirect, MedLine, Web of Science, and Google Scholar was
accomplished, using the keyword ‘Hispolon’, pairing with ‘cancer’, ‘cytotoxicity’, ‘cell cycle arrest’, ‘apoptosis’,
‘metastasis’, ‘migration’, ‘invasion’, ‘proliferation’, ‘genotoxicity’, ‘mutagenicity’, ‘drug-resistant cancer’,
‘autophagy’, and ‘estrogen receptor.

Results:

Database-dependent findings from reported research works suggest that HIS can exert anticancer effects
by modulating multiple molecular and biochemical pathways, including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, autophagy,
inhibition of proliferation, metastasis, migration, and invasion. Moreover, HIS inhibits the estrogenic
activity and exhibits chemoprevention prospects, possibly due to its protective effects such as anticancer and
anti-inflammatory mechanisms. To date, a number of HIS derivatives and analogues have been introduced for
their anticancer effects in numerous cancer cell lines.

Conclusion:

Data obtained from this review suggest that hispolon and some of its derivatives can be promising
anticancer agents, and may become plant-based cancer chemotherapeutic leads for the development of potent
anticancer drugs, alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents.
Biogenic Silver and Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles by Feijoa: Biosynthesis, Characterization, Cytotoxic, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Hashemi Zahra , Ebrahimzadeh Mohammad Ali , Biparva Pourya , Mortazavi-Derazkola Sobhan , Goli Hamid Reza , Sadeghian Fereshteh , Kardan Mostafa , Rafiei Alireza
Published: June 2020

Background: and Purpose:

Green nanotechnology is an interesting method for the synthesis of functional
nanoparticles. Because of their wide application, they have set up great attention in recent years.

Objective:

The present research examines the green synthesis of Ag and zero-valent iron nanoparticles (AgNPs,
ZVINPs) by Feijoa sellowiana fruit extract. In this synthesis, no stabilizers or surfactants were applied.

Methods:

Eco-friendly synthesis of Iron and biogenic synthesis of Ag nanoparticles were accomplished by
controlling critical parameters such as concentration, incubation period and temperature. Scanning Electron
Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS),
Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction analysis (XRD), Dynamic Light Scattering
(DLS) and UV-Vis were applied to characterize NPs. The cytotoxicity of NPs was investigated in two cell lines,
MCF-7 (breast cancer) and AGS (human gastric carcinoma). A high-performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC) analysis was also performed for characterization of phenolic acids in the extract.

Results:

Both NPs displayed powerful anticancer activities against two tumor cell lines with little effect on
BEAS-2B normal cells. Synthesized AgNPs and ZVINPs inhibited the growth of all selected bacteria. Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis,
Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli have been studied in two stages. We initially examined the
ATCCs followed by clinical strain isolation. Based on the results from resistant strains, we showed that nanoparticles
were superior to conventional antibiotics. DPPH (diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay
and iron chelating activity were used for the determination of antioxidant properties. Results showed a high
antioxidant activity of scavenging free radicals for ZVINPs and powerful iron-chelating activity for AgNPs.
Based on the HPLC data, catechin was the major phenolic compound in the extract.

Conclusion:

Our synthesized nanoparticles displayed potent cytotoxic, antibacterial and antioxidant activities.
Evaluation of a New 99m Tc-labeled GnRH Analogue as a Possible Imaging Agent for Prostate Cancer Detection
Authors: Farahani Arezou Masteri , Maleki Fariba , Sadeghzadeh Nourollah , Abediankenari Saeid , Abedi Seyed Mohammad , Erfani Mostafa
Published: June 2020

Introduction:

Prostate cancer is a serious threat to men’s health so it is necessary to develop technics
for early detection of this malignancy. The purpose of this research was the evaluation of a new99mTc-labeled
GnRH analogue as an imaging probe for tumor targeting of prostate cancer.

Methods:

99mTc-labeled-DLys6-GnRH analogue was prepared based on HYNIC as a chelating agent and tricine/
EDDA as coligands for labeling with 99mTc. HYNIC was coupled to epsilon amino group of DLys6 through
aminobutyric acid (GABA) as a linker. Radiochemical purity and stability in normal saline and serum, were
determined by TLC and HPLC methods. Furthermore, calculation of protein-binding and partition coefficient
constant were carried out for 99mTc labeled peptide. The cellular experiments including receptor binding specificity
and affinity were studied using three prostate cancer cell lines LN-CaP, DU-145 and PC-3. Finally, the
animal assessment and SPECT imaging of radiolabeled GnRH analogue were evaluated on normal mice and
nude mice bearing LN-CaP tumor.

Results:

The GnRH conjugate was labeled with high radiochemical purity (~97%). The radiolabeled peptide
showed efficient stability in the presence of normal saline and human serum. The in vitro cellular assays on
three prostate cancer cell lines indicated that the radiotracer was bound to LN-CaP cells with higher affinity
compared to DU-145 and PC-3 cells. The Kd values of 99mTc- HYNIC (tricine/ EDDA)-Gaba-D-Lys6GnRH
were 89.39±26.71, 93.57±30.49 and107.3±18.82 in LN-CaP, PC-3 and DU-145 cells respectively. The biodistribution
studies in normal mice and LN-CaP tumor-bearing nude mice showed similar results including rapid
blood clearance and low radioactivity accumulation in non-target organs. High kidney uptake proved that the
main excretion route of radiopeptide was through the urinary system. The tumor uptake was 1.72±0.45 %ID/g at
1h p.i. decreasing to 0.70±0.06%ID/g at 4h p.i. for 99mTc-HYNIC-Gaba-D-Lys6GnRH. The maximum tumor/
muscle ratio was 2.30 at 1h p.i. Pre-saturation of receptor using an excess of unlabeled peptide revealed that
the tumor uptake was receptor mediated. The results of the SPECT image of LN-CaP tumor were in agreement
with the biodistribution data.

Conclusion:

Based on this study, we suggest LN-CaP as a favorable cell line for in vivo studies on GnRH analogues.
Moreover, this report shows that 99mTc-HYNIC (tricine/EDDA)-Gaba-D-Lys6GnRH may be a suitable
candidate for further evaluation of prostate cancer.
Quinoline-3-carboxylate Derivatives: A New Hope as an Antiproliferative Agent
Authors: Mittal Ravi K. , Purohit Priyank
Published: June 2020

Background:

The quinoline scaffold has been an attraction due to its pharmacological activities such
as anti-HIV, anti-neoplastic, anti-asthmatic, anti-tuberculotic, anti-fungal, and anti-bacterial.

Objective:

The designed quinoline-3-carboxylate derivatives were synthesized through a two-step reaction and
evaluated for antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 and K562 cell lines.

Methods:

Synthesized compounds were characterized by modern analytical techniques like NMR, 2DNMR,
mass, and IR. Moreover, the purity of compounds was analyzed through the HPLC. In the progress of biological
results, all synthesized compounds were evaluated for antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 and K562 cell lines.

Results:

The synthesized compounds exhibited micromolar inhibition in all over the ranges, however, some of
the compounds showed better activity than the standard anticancer drug such, as 4m and 4n with the IC50 value
of 0.33μM against the MCF-7 cell line, and the compounds 4k and 4m showed potential activity against the
K562 cell line with the IC50 value of 0.28μM. The anti-cancer activities of compounds were found to be through
the up-regulation of intrinsic apoptosis pathways.

Conclusion:

The biological data of all compounds in both cell lines were utilized for the structural activity relationship of
the quinoline-3-carboxylate pharmacophore. The active lead was further validated through rigorous in silico studies for the
drug-likeness (QED) and Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity (ADMET) properties.
Here in the present research is utilized for the demonstration of an important pharmacophore, which could be utilized for
further development to become a lead as an anticancer agent with minimal toxicity.
Interactions between Antidepressants and Warfarin: A Review
Authors: Korkmaz Sukru Alperen , Guney Tekin , Dilek Imdat , Caykoylu Ali
Published: June 2020

Background:

Since warfarin has a very narrow therapeutic index, the interaction between warfarin and antidepressants is very critical and has potentially severe consequences. It is unclear whether clinicians have sufficient knowledge about the risk of bleeding when warfarin and antidepressants are used concomitantly.

Objective:

In this systematic review, we discuss the main considerations when using warfarin with antidepressants.

Methods:

The information about warfarin-antidepressant interactions was obtained from Google Scholar®, PubMed/MEDLINE® and a hand search of the published literature. The following research terms which were systematically combined with each other to find articles: warfarin, anticoagulant, interactions, antidepressant (and each antidepressant name individually), SSRI, SNRI, TCA, MAOI.

Results:

Several possible mechanisms that can cause bleeding when antidepressants and warfarin are used concomitantly, have been discussed. According to the available data, sertraline and citalopram/ escitalopram are safer antidepressants to use with warfarin, whereas fluoxetine and fluvoxamine have a higher interaction potential with warfarin. The remaining antidepressants appear to lie somewhere in between and have little empirical data to guide the clinicians.

Conclusion:

It is recommended that when an antidepressant is prescribed to a patient using warfarin, patient’s international normalized ratio (INR) level should be checked regularly. In this review, the interaction between warfarin and antidepressants, including new ones, were evaluated inclusively and in detail.
Catálogo de la micobiota del Complejo Volcánico de Colima, México
Authors: Torres Preciado Cesar Omar , Rodríguez Alcántar Olivia , Herrera-Fonseca María de Jesús , Figueroa-García Darío
Published: June 2020

Antecedentes y Objetivos: El Complejo Volcánico de Colima (CVC) forma parte del Eje Volcánico Transversal Mexicano, localizado en el sureste de Jalisco y norte de Colima. Comprende cinturones de vegetación que cambian a través de un gradiente altitudinal desde 1200 hasta poco más de 4000 m, en donde es posible observar bosques tropicales, bosques templados y zonas semiáridas, así como bosque mesófilo de montaña. Respecto a estudios previos sobre diversidad fúngica en esta región, solo se contaba con la cita de 140 especies registradas en los diferentes municipios que comprende el área del CVC. El objetivo del presente trabajo es actualizar el conocimiento de la micobiota registrada dentro de la zona de estudio.Métodos: Se recolectaron ejemplares fúngicos durante los meses de junio a octubre entre 2011 y 2018. Adicionalmente, se realizó la revisión de material de la colección micológica del herbario IBUG. El estudio macro y micromorfológico se realizó con las técnicas convencionales en micología y el uso de bibliografía especializada para la determinación del material.Resultados clave: Un total de 2082 ejemplares fueron determinados hasta especie, corresponden a 408 taxones; de ellos 360 son Basidiomycota y 48 Ascomycota. Se citan dos registros nuevos para la micobiota de México: Ductifera exidioidea y Psathyrella longistriata, y 11 para el estado de Jalisco: Bulgaria inquinans, Crepidotus applanatus, Gymnopilus sapineus, Hohenbuehelia spathulata, Hygrocybe spadicea, Inocybe obsoleta, Lepiota cristata, Pholiota lubrica, Rhizina undulata, Scleroderma aff. pseudostipitatum y Trichoderma alutaceum, mientras que para el estado de Colima se aportan 20 registros nuevos.Conclusiones: Se considera importante incrementar estudios sistemáticos y exploraciones micológicas que permitan conocer más sobre este recurso, su posible uso y manejo racional, así como el análisis de especies endémicas o en riesgo y aspectos ecológicos que puedan mostrar la distribución actual y diversidad fúngica en dicha región.
Cronotopía del Caribe: Una mirada a la Poética de la Casa caribeña
Authors: Sierra-Franco Angélica María
Published: June 2020

A partir de una construcción semántica de la experiencia del habitar, se reflexiona sobre la intertextualidad referida a la mirada cronotópica de la Casa caribeña, en la importancia cultural de la formación de lugares y su relación estética como imagen en la Literatura colombiana. La Casa caribeña es un dispositivo geo-simbólico, que trasciende los valores físico-espaciales, y denota su carácter antropológico y social representando la corporeización de una determinada cultura, que se verbaliza a través del imaginario colectivo, en una Literatura necesaria para captar y exteriorizar la fuerza de un espacio-tiempo geográfico y cultural.
Finite element approach to Bragg edge neutron strain tomography
Authors: Aggarwal Riya , Meylan Mike , Lamichhane Bishnu , Wensrich Chris
Published: June 2020

A number of techniques and applications in neutron imaging that exploit wavelength resolved measurements have been developed recently. One such technique, known as energy resolved neutron imaging, receives ample attention because of its capability to not only visualise but to also quantify physical attributes with spatial resolution. The objective of this article is to develop a reconstruction algorithm for elastic strain tomography from Bragg edge neutron transmission strain images obtained from a pulsed neutron beam with high resolution. This technique has several advantages over those using monochromatic neutron beams from continuous sources; for example, finer wavelength resolution. In contrast to the conventional radon based computed tomography, wherein neutron transmission revolves around the inversion of the longitudinal ray transform that has uniqueness issues, the reconstruction in the proposed algorithm is based on the least squares approach, constrained by an equilibrium formulated through the finite element method.
References

B. Abbey, S. Y. Zhang, W. J. J. Vorster, and A. M. Korsunsky. Feasibility study of neutron strain tomography. Proc. Eng., 1\penalty 0 (1):185–188, 2009. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2009.06.043.
R. Aggarwal, M. H. Meylan, B. P. Lamichhane, and C. M. Wensrich. Energy resolved neutron imaging for strain reconstruction using the finite element method. J. Imag., 6(3):13, 2020. doi:10.3390/jimaging6030013.
J. N. Hendriks, A. W. T. Gregg, C. M. Wensrich, A. S. Tremsin, T. Shinohara, M. Meylan, E. H. Kisi, V. Luzin, and O. Kirsten. Bragg-edge elastic strain tomography for in situ systems from energy-resolved neutron transmission imaging. Phys. Rev. Mat., 1:053802, 2017. doi:10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.1.053802.
C. Jidling, J. Hendriks, N. Wahlstrom, A. Gregg, T. B. Schon, C. Wensrich, and A. Wills. Probabilistic modelling and reconstruction of strain. Nuc. Inst. Meth. Phys. Res. B, pages 141–155, 2018. doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2018.08.051.
W. R. B. Lionheart and P. J. Withers. Diffraction tomography of strain. Inv. Prob., 31:045005, 2015. doi:10.1088/0266-5611/31/4/045005.
C. E. Rasmussen and C. K. I. Williams. Gaussian processes for machine learning. MIT Press, 2006. URL https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/gaussian-processes-machine-learning.
C. M. Wensrich, E. Kisi, V. Luzin, and O. Kirstein. Non-contact measurement of the stress within granular materials via neutron diffraction. AIP Conf. Proc., 1542:441–444, 2013. doi:10.1063/1.4811962.
R. Woracek, J. Santisteban, A. Fedrigo, and M. Strobl. Diffraction in neutron imaging–-a review. Nuc. Inst. Meth. Phys. Res. A, 878:141–158, 2018. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2017.07.040.
The effects of oscillating boundary conditions on thermal ignition
Authors: Berry Matthew , Nelson Mark , Monaghan Brian , Whale Ben
Published: June 2020

We investigate the effect that oscillating ambient temperatures have on the ignition times of supercritical stockpiles. Large stockpiles are exposed to seasonal and diurnal temperature variation. We analyse the effects of seasonal temperature variation. When considering ignition within a year of construction, stockpiles built in spring ignited with a lower critical parameter than those built at other times. Consequently, seasonal temperature variation needs to be accounted for when predicting stockpile ignition times.
References

P. C. Bowes. Self-heating: evaluating and controlling the hazards. Dept. of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, 1984.
R. J. Longbottom, B. J. Monaghan, G. Zhang, D. J. Pinson, and S. J. Chew. Self-sintering of BOS filter cake for improved recyclability. ISIJ Int., 59(3):432–441, 2019. doi:10.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2018-627.
V. Novozhilov. Thermal explosion in oscillating ambient conditions. Sci. Rep., 6:29730, 07 2016. doi:10.1038/srep29730.
N. C. Roy. Convection characteristics in a closed vessel in the presence of exothermic combustion and ambient temperature oscillations. Int. J. Heat Mass Trans., 116:655–666, 2018. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.09.058.
Student Well-being: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Aulia Farah , Hastjarjo Thomas Dicky , Setiyawati Diana , Patria Bhina
Published: June 2020

Research on well-being in adults has developed quite rapidly in recent years, but not on research in child well-being particularly within school context. This article aimed to review: (a) the definition of student well-being and b) measurement of student well-being. The review involved articles published in 2007-2017. The conclusions of this literature review are (a) the definitions used to explain student well-being are based on several approaches, namely mental health, hedonistic and eudaimonic, (b) several aspects that construct the student well-being at school namely dominant positive emotions, school satisfaction, negative emotions, social relations and engagement to school. These findings can provide recommendations for measurement construction and school evaluation related to student well-being.
What Does the Law Say?
Authors: Lane Jan-Erik
Published: June 2020

The killings of George Floyd and Rayshard Brooks raise the highly pertinent question: What is law in these cases? The more one reflects on the nature of the legal order in a well-ordered society, the closer one arrives at Justice Holmes’ statement: “The prophecies of what the courts will do in fact, and nothing more pretentious, are what I mean by the law”. A similar approach to the question above was delivered by Dane Alf Ross (1899-1979), who expounded in a succinct form so called Scandinavian Law Realism.
Tax Revenue Mobilization in Sub-Saharan Africa: Does political Legitimacy Matters?
Authors: Dianda Issa , Ouedraogo Aminata , Ouedraogo Idrissa
Published: June 2020

The mobilization of substantial domestic resources is required to finance human and physical capital in order to achieve the sustainable development goals. In developing countries like those of Sub-Saharan Africa, the mobilization of tax revenues remains a great challenge. In this context, identifying the determinants of fiscal capacity remains crucial to guide the adoption of appropriate fiscal reforms. Therefore, as part of the wave of literature on the institutional and political determinants of fiscal capacity, this article explores the effect of political legitimacy on tax revenues in a sample of 41 SSA countries over the period 1996-2017. The system GMM in two steps estimator is used for empirical investigation. The result shows that tax revenue increases with political legitimacy. This result suggests that political legitimization in SSA remains crucial to mobilize more resources in order to adequately finance the development.
Need for Aged Care Hubs
Authors: Koppala Ravi Babu , Mathew Sherry P , Chawan Seema Ramesh
Published: June 2020

Background: The present study was undertaken to access the current availability and utilization of health care services by geriatric population and to find the need for specialized geriatric care hubs.Methods: This is questionnaire-based survey conducted among 300 subjects of geriatric population for a period of 3 months in Bengaluru hospital set-up.Results: Majority of study subjects were belonged to age group of 60-75 years. 81% were married; while 1.30% un-married, 2.30% divorced, 15.30% were widow. Majority of study subjects in our study, i.e., 30.30% were graduates followed by 28.70% and 15.70% were completed secondary and primary school level education respectively. While only 7.70% subjects were post graduates. However, 17.70% subjects were found to be illiterate in our study. We found 52% of study subjects were dependent for their financial requirements. Chi-square test showed significant association between health and medical care facilities with age (c2-31.24; p-0.002). 98% preferred to have separate specialized geriatric care hospitals in their respective area of residence with no significant association (c2=5.20; p-0.51). We found significant association between source of information and awareness of geriatric care facilities (c2=18.96; p-0.026). We found that 36% of subjects reckoned that application of information technology was helpful in geriatric care. Whereas, still majority of study subjects, i.e., 61% were not at all aware of information technology applications in geriatric (c2-12.62; p-0.049). Conclusions: Provision of quality assured by elderly health-care hub for the elderly population is a must and is a challenge that requires joint approach and strategies. Failure to address the health needs today could develop into a costly problem tomorrow.
Escritura de ficción y atestación del sí
Authors: Santos Cueto Roque Diómedes
Published: June 2020

La escritura de ficción es un recurso reflexivo para la atestación del sí; esta última es un saberse en el camino del ser verdadero llamado a la actuación ética responsable. A partir de una precomprensión del mundo de la acción humana, mediado por el esquematismo narrativo desplegado en la construcción de una trama, el relato de una vida se vuelve inteligible no solo en términos de memoria o reconstrucción histórica, también como manera de ser o de invención de mundos posibles lo que permite una serie de variaciones imaginativas del ego que constituyen un acceso privilegiado al sí desde el quiasmo entre el análisis y la reflexión. En el siguiente trabajo se analiza la hermenéutica reflexiva de Paul Ricoeur para constatar cómo el papel heurístico de la escritura de relatos de ficción, como producto de lo imaginario, permite la configuración de un sí mismo por mediación del lenguaje. A pesar del énfasis que el autor francés coloca en la actividad lectora, dado su rol mediador entre el mundo proyectado por el texto y la vida, en su hermenéutica del sí y en su teoría narrativa encontramos la posibilidad de extender algunos conceptos clave de esta hermenéutica a la actividad escrituraria como mediación entre el mundo de la acción y el mundo del texto. Lo que permite analizar el papel de lo imaginario en la configuración del sí a través de la escritura de relatos de ficción.