bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new method to predict safe resection of the internal carotid artery
Authors: De Vries Egbert J. , Sekhar Laligam N. , Horton Joseph A. , Eibling David E. , Janecka Ivo P. , Schramm Victor L. , Yonas Howard
Published: October 2006

A patent internal carotid artery (ICA) is essential in most patients. Management of skull base lesions often requires translocation, Balloon embolization, or resection of this vessel. Preoperative tests to assess the availability of collateral flow have not been uniformly accurate. A new test that significantly increases the safety of surgical removal of the ICA is described.

One hundred thirty‐six patients were studied with temporary balloon occlusion (TBO) of the ICA and determination of stable xenon‐enhanced computed tomography cerebral blood flow (Xe/CT CBF) measurements. Eleven patients failed TBO and were determined to be at very high risk of stroke with loss of the ICA. Ninety‐six of the patients were predicted to be at minimal risk with permanent loss of the ICA by Xe/CT CBF studies. Twenty‐one patients in this group had either permanent balloon occlusion (PBO) or surgical resection of the ICA with no permanent neurologic sequelae.

Our studies show that the combination of preoperative TBO and Xe/CT CBF studies significantly increases the safety of ICA resection.
Biochemical features of major organ of corti proteins (OCP‐I and OCP‐II) including partial amino acid sequence
Authors: Thalmann Isolde , Takahashi Kuniaki , Varghese Jogy , Comegys Thomas H. , Thalmann Ruediger
Published: October 2006

Further biochemical and biophysical characterization of two low‐molecular‐weight, strongly acidic proteins that are present at extremely high levels in the organ of Corti, tentatively named OCP‐I and OCP‐II, is presented. The two proteins are also present, although at much lower levels, in the vestibular end‐organs and a variety of other inner ear tissues; they have not been observed in other systems. OCP‐I and II are highly soluble and do not contain appreciable amounts of carbohydrate. The two proteins, originally described in the guinea pig, are compared electrophoretically with the corresponding proteins in several other mammalian species. Preliminary data on the amino acid composition of the two proteins are presented. Moreover, the amino‐terminal sequence of a 22‐residue segment of OCP‐II is shown and compared to the sequences of known proteins.
Transseptal approaches for pituitary surgery
Authors: Wilson W. R. , Khan A. , Laws E. R.
Published: October 2006

Our experience with over 147 operations for pituitary disease has given us an opportunity to use and evaluate four separate transseptal approaches. Three approaches have been described previously in the literature: the sublabial transseptal, the open rhinoplasty, and the alotomy with anterior septal dissection. The fourth approach, alotomy with posterior septal dissection, is described here. The advantages and disadvantages of each are discussed, as are the complications of transseptal surgery. A working knowledge of the various transseptal approaches to the pituitary is imperative for the otolaryngologist who participates in pituitary surgery.
Prognostic significance of age and tonsillectomy in uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
Authors: Stevenson E. W. , Turner Gary T. , Sutton Frank D. , Doekel Robert C. , Pegram Vernon , Hernandez Joe
Published: October 2006

The objective of this study was to analyze the results of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty on 133 adult patients with sleep apnea. This group of patients was subjected to computer analysis by a statistician. Two previously unreported observations were revealed: There was a straight line decline in measurable improvement with advancing age so, by age 60, there were no patients with improvement; and patients who had tonsillectomy as a part of the uvulopalatopharyngoplasty had a markedly increased success rate compared to those who did not have tonsils.

These two previously unreported observations might have significance and value in establishing guidelines for preoperative prognostic predictions of success.
Physiologic assessment of isshiki type III thyroplasty
Authors: Slavit David H. , Maragos Nicolas E. , Lipton Richard J.
Published: October 2006

Isshiki type III thyroplasty is a laryngeal framework surgical procedure that lowers a patient's pitch. To objectively assess the procedure, preoperative and postoperative voice recordings, as well as electroglottography and photo‐glottography were performed. Jitter, shimmer, and glot‐tographic quotients were measured to assess changes in vibratory pattern. The mean and range of frequencies in contextual speech was also determined. Analysis of the preoperative and postoperative data from two patients with over 1 year follow‐up showed a decrease in frequency of vibration. Postoperatively, the vocal folds still vibrated in a regular pattern as described by the myoelastic‐aerody‐namic theory. There was no increase in jitter or shimmer quotient. The Isshiki type HI thyroplasty appears capable of lowering fundamental frequency of speech without adversely affecting the vibratory mode of the vocal folds.
Longitudinal voice quality changes following isshiki thyroplasty type I: The yale experience
Authors: Sasaki Clarence T. , Leder Steven B. , Petcu Louis , Friedman Craig D.
Published: October 2006

Longitudinal voice quality changes following Isshiki thyroplasty type I were investigated in a group of 18 patients exhibiting unilateral vocal fold paralysis. Thyroplasty type I medializes the paralyzed fold by using a Silastic® implant for external lateral compression of the abducted fold. No perioperative complications were experienced. We observed significantly higher voice fundamental frequency, significantly louder voice intensity, and significantly longer maximum phonation time, both immediately following phono‐surgery and up to 3 months postoperatively. Surgical refinements of thyroplasty type I are described.
Local control of auricular, periauricular, and external canal cutaneous malignancies with mohs surgery
Authors: Niparko John K. , Swanson Neil A. , Baker Shan R. , Telian Steven A. , Sullivan Michael J. , Kemink John L.
Published: October 2006

Three hundred ninety‐seven patients with 407 cutaneous malignancies of the auricle, periauricular region, and cartilaginous external ear canal were reviewed. Tumors were most commonly located in the preauricular and postauricu‐lar regions, followed by the helix, concha, antihelix, and ear canal. All lesions were excised with Mohs microscopic control of margins. For lesions requiring lateral temporal bone resection, an adaptation of fresh‐tissue microscopic control was used to analyze deep and anterior margins suspected of harboring residual tumor. Two‐year minimum follow‐up of 229 patients with periauricular and auricular tumors (N = 231 tumors) and 14 patients with cartilaginous ear canal tumors (N = 14 tumors) revealed recurrence rates of 6.9% and 14.3%, respectively. Recurrences were most common in cases of large tumors (>2.5 cm), basal cell carcinomas with morphea elements, and multiply recurrent lesions. We conclude that Mohs surgery is comparatively effective, though not uniformly curative, and can be adapted to supplement excision of large tumors in these regions.
Managing segmental facial nerve injuries by surgical repair
Authors: May Mark , Sobol Steven M. , Mester Sara J.
Published: October 2006

This report describes our experiences and evolving philosophy with regard to managing segmental facial nerve injuries. We present the results of 13 facial nerve repairs of traumatic injury to a segment of the facial nerve. All peripheral facial nerve branches contribute essential elements to normal mimetic facial movement; therefore, we recommend early, appropriate repair of the nerve segment. This recommendation is based on principles established for managing disruptions of the main trunk of the facial nerve. It offers the patient the chance for complete recovery of facial function.
Surgical therapy of the eyelids in patients with facial paralysis
Authors: Freeman M. Sean , Thomas J. Regan , Spector J. Gershon , Larrabee Wayne F. , Bowman Carol A.
Published: October 2006

Patients with facial paralysis have a degree of lagoph‐thalmos and paralytic ectropion. We present our experience in the surgical management of 25 consecutive patients treated for these problems. Paralytic lagophthalmos was corrected using gold weights inserted into the upper eyelid. The advantages and disadvantages of this surgical technique are reviewed. Medial canthoplasty and lateral can‐thoplasty were performed to rectify paralytic ectropion. Ancillary procedures included browpexy, upper‐lid blepha‐roplasty, and temporalis sling. The results were excellent in 23 of 25 patients and good in the remaining two. After a minimum of 6 months' follow‐up, there were no complications. The authors believe that the above procedures will yield consistently excellent cosmetic and functional results in patients with paralysis of the eyelids.
Verbal communication for the ventilator‐dependent patient: Voice intensity with the portex “talk”® tracheostomy tube
Authors: Leder Steven B.
Published: October 2006

A patient's ability to communicate is critical to overall medical care, psychological functioning, and social interactions. Voice intensity levels produced by 20 patients with Portex “Talk”® cuffed speaking tracheostomy tubes were investigated at three different airflow rates. Results indicated that audible and intelligible speech was produced with significantly greater intensity (P<.001) over ambient room noise at 5 1/minute, 10 1/minute, and 15 1/minute of airflow. Also, significantly greater voice intensity (P<.001) was noted as airflow increased from 51/minute to 10 1/minute and from 10 1/minute to 15 1/minute. The criteria, rationale, and importance of using a speaking tracheostomy tube with cognitively intact ventilator‐dependent patients are discussed. The specific advantages and disadvantages of the Portex “Talk”® tracheostomy tube are delineated. A case study is included.
Type B haemophilus influenzae—induced otitis media in the mouse
Authors: Krekorian Terry D. , Keithley Elizabeth M. , Harris Jeffrey P. , Fierer Joshua
Published: October 2006

To characterize the middle and inner ear cellular inflammatory responses to otitis media using im‐munohistochemical methods, we inoculated type B Haemophilus influenzae into the middle ears of healthy adult BALB/c mice. Mac‐1+ neutrophils and macrophages appeared in the middle ear at 3 days. Lyt‐1+ T cells and Lyt‐2+ T suppressor/cytotoxic cells entered the middle ear mucosa on days 7 and 14. IgG+ and IgM+ T cells were present at all time points, with IgA+ lymphocytes forming the majority of mucosal immunoglobulin‐bearing cells at 2 weeks. The co‐chlear scala tympani contained Lyt‐1+ and Mac‐1+ cells and two endolymphatic sacs stained diffusely with anti‐IgA and ‐IgG antibodies. Lyt‐1/L3T4+ T lymphocytes greatly outnumbered B lymphocytes, suggesting that helper/inducer T cells play a more important role in acute otitis media than has been recognized. Inner ear changes occurred after a single episode of otitis media.
Sensorineural hearing loss in patients with large vestibular aqueduct
Authors: Okumura Tomoko , Takahashi Haruo , Honjo Iwao , Mitamura Keiko , Takagi Akira
Published: October 2006

In examining 181 patients (327 ears) with sensorineural hearing loss of unknown etiology and 25 people (50 ears) with normal hearing by high‐resolution computed tomography (CT), the image of the large vestibular aqueduct (VA) was defined as being a visible large aperture (≥4 mm), and small distance between vestibule and traceable part of the VA nearest to the vestibule (≥1 mm). The large VA was found in 13 patients (23 ears, 7.0%); it was relatively frequent following hypoplastic cochlea (33 ears, 10.1%) in all the inner ear anomalies detected. In patients with large VA, high‐frequency hearing was affected more than low frequency, and history of sudden hearing loss was observed frequently (61% of ears with large VA), which was found to be triggered by characteristic episodes such as minor head trauma, etc. Those clinical features were observed more in those without cochlear anomaly than in those accompanying cochlear anomaly. Pathogenesis of sensorineural hearing loss and characteristic fluctuation of hearing in those patients are discussed.
Application of the principles of green chemistry in analytical chemistry
Authors: Koel Mihkel , Kaljurand Mihkel
Published: October 2006

The introduction of the dimension of green chemistry into the assessment of analytical methods should be a natural development trend in chemistry and should coincide with its general policy. Some of the principles of green chemistry - such as prevention of waste generation; safer solvents and auxiliaries; design for energy efficiency; safer chemistry to minimize the potential of chemical accidents; development of instrumental methods - are directly related to analytical chemistry.

Analytical chemistry is considered to be a small-scale activity, but this is not always true in the case of controlling and monitoring laboratories whose number of runs performed is high. This makes an analytical laboratory comparable with the fine chemicals or pharmaceutical industry. The use of instrumental methods instead of wet chemistry, automation, and minimization is a new trend in analytical chemistry, making this branch of chemistry more sustainable.

In this study, widespread separation methods are considered and an attempt is made to characterize them against the above-mentioned principles. Special attention is given to capillary electrophoresis (CE), which provides a very good opportunity to improve analytical chemistry by replacing many chromatographic methods that consume large volumes of solvents. The choice of different solvents and micronization in analytical chemistry is also discussed.
Catalytic asymmetric reactions using environmentally friendly reagents and catalyst: Asymmetric synthesis versus kinetic resolution
Authors: Tomioka Kiyoshi
Published: October 2006

Kinetic resolution of racemic compounds is a familiar method for the preparation of optically active compounds. However, an inevitable and critical drawback from the point of view of green chemistry is the consequent wastage of half of the starting compound. A catalytic asymmetric synthesis of 5-arylcyclohex-2-enones was developed starting from racemic 5-(trimethylsilyl)cyclohex-2-enone, which overcomes the drawback of kinetic resolution. A chiral amidophosphane- or BINAP-Rh(I)-catalyzed asymmetric conjugate arylation of racemic 5-(trimethylsilyl)cyclohex-2-enone with arylboronic acids in dioxane-water (10:1) afforded trans- and cis-3-aryl-5-(trimethylsilyl)cyclohexanones in reasonably high enantioselectivity. Dehydrosilylation of the product mixture with Cu(II) chloride in dimethylformamide (DMF) gave 5-arylcyclohex-2-enones with up to 93 % ee in high yield. Enantiofacial selectivity with chiral phosphane-Rh(I) overrides the trans-diastereoselectivity that is maintained in the achiral or racemic phosphane-Rh(I)-catalyzed conjugate arylation of 5-(trimethylsilyl)cyclohex-2-enone.
Hypermethylated RASSF1A in Maternal Plasma: A Universal Fetal DNA Marker that Improves the Reliability of Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis
Authors: Chan KC Allen , Ding Chunming , Gerovassili Ageliki , Yeung Sze W , Chiu Rossa WK , Leung Tse N , Lau Tze K , Chim Stephen SC , Chung Grace TY , Nicolaides Kypros H , Lo YM Dennis
Published: October 2006

Background: We recently demonstrated that the promoter of the RASSF1A gene is hypermethylated in the placenta and hypomethylated in maternal blood cells. This methylation pattern allows the use of methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme digestion for detecting the placental-derived hypermethylated RASSF1A sequences in maternal plasma.

Methods: We performed real-time PCR after methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme digestion to detect placental-derived RASSF1A sequences in the plasma of 28 1st-trimester and 43 3rd-trimester pregnant women. We used maternal plasma to perform prenatal fetal rhesus D (RhD) blood group typing for 54 early-gestation RhD-negative women, with hypermethylated RASSF1A as the positive control for fetal DNA detection.

Results: Hypermethylated RASSF1A sequences were detectable in the plasma of all 71 pregnant women. The genotype of plasma RASSF1A after enzyme digestion was identical to the fetal genotype in each case, thus confirming its fetal origin. Nineteen of the 54 pregnant women undergoing prenatal fetal RhD genotyping showed undetectable RHD sequences in their plasma DNA samples. The fetal DNA control, RASSF1A, was not detectable in 4 of the 19 women. Subsequent chorionic villus sample analysis revealed that 2 of these 4 women with negative RHD and RASSF1A signals were in fact carrying RhD-positive fetuses.

Conclusions: Hypermethylated RASSF1A is a universal marker for fetal DNA and is readily detectable in maternal plasma. When applied to prenatal RhD genotyping, this marker allows the detection of false-negative results caused by low fetal DNA concentrations in maternal plasma. This new marker can also be applied to many other prenatal diagnostic and monitoring scenarios.
Prealbumin Serum Concentrations as a Useful Tool in the Assessment of Malnutrition in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Devoto Gianluigi , Gallo Fabrizio , Marchello Concetta , Racchi Omar , Garbarini Roberta , Bonassi Stefano , Albalustri Giorgio , Haupt Enrico
Published: October 2006

Background: Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is a common condition among patients admitted to hospitals, and it is associated with a worse prognosis and increased mortality. Although several screening systems have been developed, PEM is still poorly recognized, and there is no consensus on which test is more reliable and feasible in clinical practice. Prealbumin (PAB) is a potential useful PEM marker because its serum concentrations are closely related to early changes in nutritional status.

Methods: We studied PEM prevalence and PAB serum concentrations in 108 hospitalized patients. The Detailed Nutritional Assessment (DNA) was used as the reference method to determine PEM. PAB performance was compared with that of 2 other methods, the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and the Prognostic Inflammatory and Nutritional Index score (PINI).

Results: According to the DNA reference method, 41% of patients were classified with mild malnutrition and 19% with severe malnutrition. PAB showed the best concordance with the standard DNA method (concordance index, 76.8%) and a good sensitivity/specificity profile (83.1%/76.7%) compared with SGA and PINI.

Conclusions: We conclude that PAB could represent a feasible and reliable tool in the evaluation of malnutrition, especially in settings where it is difficult to obtain a more detailed and comprehensive nutritional assessment such as the DNA.
The glycosylation of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins and prolactin-related protein-I in bovine binucleate trophoblast giant cells changes before parturition
Authors: Klisch K , Boos A , Friedrich M , Herzog K , Feldmann M , Sousa NM , Beckers JF , Leiser R , Schuler G
Published: October 2006

Binucleate trophoblast giant cells (BNC) in the bovine placenta produce glycoproteins, which are delivered into the mother after fusion of BNC with uterine epithelial cells. During most time of pregnancy, BNC produce pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) and prolactin-related protein-I (PRP-I) with asparagine-linked lactosamine-type glycans terminating with N-acetyl-galactosamine. We show by lectin histochemistry that terminal N-acetyl-galactosamine (detected by Dolichos biflorus agglutinin, DBA) in placentomal BNC is greatly reduced prior to parturition, while lactosamine-type N-glycans (detected by Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin, PHA-L) remain unaltered. The change in DBA-staining showed no statistically significant differences between placentomes of cows with and without retention of fetal membranes. Western blots revealed that, at parturition the apparent molecular mass of PAGs and PRP-I is 1–2 kDa lower than in late pregnancy. These changes are due to alterations of asparagine-linked glycans, since the molecular weight of the peptide backbones after enzymatical release of asparagine-linked glycans is identical at late pregnancy and parturition. Lectin western blots showed a reduction of terminal N-acetyl-galactosamine on PAGs at parturition. A lectin sandwich-ELISAwas used to differentiate DBA- and PHA-L-binding PAGs in sera of pregnant and non-pregnant cows. The values for DBA-binding PAGs at parturition were not significantly different from non-pregnancy, while the values for PHA-L-binding PAGs were significantly higher at parturition. The peripartal changes of PAG- and PRP-I-glycosylation could alter functional properties of these proteins and might therefore be considered for functional studies. The differentiation of PAG glycoforms in maternal serum could be valuable for a further optimization of PAG-based pregnancy diagnosis in cattle.
The road to providing human embryo stem cells for therapeutic use: the UK experience
Authors: De Sousa Paul A , Galea George , Turner Marc
Published: October 2006

Harnessing the unparalleled properties of human embryo stem cells (hESCs) for the therapeutic treatment of disease and injury will require a convergence of scientific developments with regulatory standards. In the case of the latter, it is especially critical that standards for clinically assisted reproduction be harmonized with those governing human cell and tissue transplantation, most notably with respect to procurement, donation, testing, processing, preservation, storage and distribution of cells. In the UK, existing infrastructure to address these considerations is undergoing extensive reorganization to keep pace with evolving European Union standards. The present best paradigm for defining standards for the therapeutic use of embryo-derived stem cells is experience with adult haematopoietic stem cells (HSC). However, compared with adult-derived stem cell, the origin of embryo-derived stem cells from limiting quantities of tissue and their absolute dependence on in vitro culture to realise their therapeutic potential, makes optimization of their isolation and cultivation of even greater importance. Most notable is the requirement to create animal cell product-free culture environments to reduce the risk of cross-specific disease transmission. In the present paper, we review present and emerging standards in the isolation and banking of human embryo-derived stem cells for therapeutic use in the UK and international progress in the development of defined culture systems for this purpose.
A revised model for spermatogonial expansion in man: lessons from non-human primates
Authors: Ehmcke Jens , Schlatt Stefan
Published: October 2006

We have recently described a revised scheme for spermatogonial expansion in non-human primates. We proposed that Apale-spermatogonia act as self-renewing progenitors and premeiotic germ cells are organized and divide as small clones. Here, we are revisiting the model described for man and propose a modified scheme for spermatogonial expansion. Our revised model shows high similarity to the scheme proposed for non-human primates and is in accordance with all previous and present data.
Mouse zygotes as recipients in embryo cloning
Authors: Gręda Pawel , Karasiewicz Jolanta , Modliński Jacek A
Published: October 2006

Zygotes have not been recognized as nuclear recipients since enucleated zygotes receiving nuclei from beyond two-cell stage embryos are not able to form blastocysts. In the present study, a new technique of zygote enucleation is presented, which consists in selectively removing the nuclear membrane with genetic material of pronuclei, but leaving other pronuclear components in the cytoplasm. With selective enucleation it is possible – after transfer of eight-cell stage nuclei – to obtain 70.5 and 7.8% of preimplantation and full-term development respectively. Origin of cloned mice from introduced nuclei was confirmed by the coat colour and glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) isozyme of the donor. We suggest that some pronuclear factors – taken away from the zygotes in the karyoplasts upon classical enucleation – are needed to reprogram the introduced nuclei.
A comunicação científica e o movimento de acesso livre ao conhecimento
Authors: Mueller Suzana Pinheiro Machado
Published: October 2006

Trata do problema da aceitação, pela comunidade científica, dos periódicos eletrônicos de acesso aberto. Propõe a questão da legitimação e legitimidade dessas publicações como elemento essencial para sua plena aceitação. Define legitimação e legitimidade com base em alguns autores. Mostra como a crise dos periódicos da década de 1980 detonou o início do processo de aceitação dos periódicos eletrônicos e como agora o movimento pelo acesso aberto vem crescendo e, ao mesmo tempo, enfrentando barreiras do preconceito e interesses. Nota, como grandes empecilhos ao pleno reconhecimento, o processo de avaliação pelos pares, interesses de segmentos da comunidade científica e interesses das editoras comerciais. Conclui notando o fortalecimento do conceito da necessidade da avaliação prévia e amadurecimento nas idéias pioneiras de democratização na publicação do conhecimento científico e avanço na aceitação das idéias. Mas reconhece também o papel das editoras e das elites de cada área como os poderes com maior influência na direção e velocidade do percurso das publicações eletrônicas de acesso livre e sua incorporação ao sistema de comunicação científica como canais legítimos.
Filosofia aberta, modelos de negócios e agências de fomento: elementos essenciais a uma discussão sobre o acesso aberto à informação científica
Authors: Costa Sely M. S.
Published: October 2006

Com o objetivo de fomentar discussões a respeito da questão do acesso aberto à informação científica, o trabalho discorre sobre uma "filosofia aberta", a qual se refere ao movimento em direção ao uso de ferramentas, estratégias, metodologias e políticas que denotem um novo modelo de representar o processo de comunicação científica - especialmente no que concerne à publicação -, ao mesmo tempo em que serve de base para interpretá-lo. Esse novo modelo tem como fundamento a preocupação crescente com a disponibilidade, ao maior número possível de interessados, do conhecimento gerado como resultado tanto de pesquisas científicas (conhecimento científico) como da ação do homem na sociedade (herança cultural). O texto centra o foco nas questões relacionadas somente com o acesso aberto ao conhecimento científico. Nesse sentido, discorre sobre três questões: as principais iniciativas internacionais sobre acesso aberto; os novos modelos de negócios para o periódico científico, em resposta a essas iniciativas; e o papel que agências de fomento têm nesse contexto, com vistas a validar esses novos modelos. Introduz na discussão a questão das diferenças disciplinares, determinadas pelos padrões de comunicação das comunidades científicas, no que concerne à geração, disseminação e uso da informação. Conclui com uma análise breve dos impactos que o movimento em favor do acesso aberto provoca sobre os principais atores da comunicação científica, nomeadamente, universidades e seus pesquisadores, editores científicos e agências de fomento.
The new culture of electronic publishing
Authors: Schirmbacher Peter
Published: October 2006

Local conditions in the past often limited opportunities for scholarly exchange. But now these limits are gone and the global workplace has replaced them. It is important to react to these changes. Every academic department must now adopt new methods and rethink processes. Another is the intense national and international debate about open access to scholarly knowledge. The Open Access Initiative shows that a change is taking place in the communication process. This change is also important for service departments within research institutions. Libraries, computer centers and related units have to ask themselves how to react appropriately to the new conditions. What services must be changed or redeveloped, and in what quality and quantity should they be offered? This article focuses on changes in the scholarly publication process. It describes both technological changes and the changes needed in people's attitudes.
Informação científica: proposta de um novo modelo para o Brasil
Authors: Kuramoto Hélio
Published: October 2006

O acesso à informação científica tem sido um grande desafio para países em desenvolvimento como o Brasil. Com a crise dos periódicos, surgida em função dos altos custos na manutenção das assinaturas das revistas científicas, o acesso à informação científica ficou bastante limitado. Embora essa crise tenha começado em meados dos anos 80, ainda hoje não existe nenhuma solução definitiva. Com as tecnologias da informação e da comunicação, surge a iniciativa de arquivos abertos (Open Archvies Initiative), a qual define um modelo de interoperabilidade entre bibliotecas e repositórios digitais, possibilitando alternativas para a comunicação científica. Ao mesmo tempo, consolida-se o movimento em favor do acesso livre à informação científica em todo o mundo, pelos grandes editores ou publishers, por meio de propostas de ações que possam viabilizar essa iniciativa. Essas são as bases da proposta de um novo modelo para intensificar e consolidar o registro e a disseminação da produção científica brasileira, assim como do acesso à informação científica. Com as experiências obtidas na implantação da Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD), o Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia (Ibict) detém, hoje, a competência técnica para consolidar e implantar essa proposta.
Tesis electrónicas de la Universidad de Los Andes: adaptación y uso de la Plataforma Tede
Authors: Rosales N. Fabiola , Bauste Marlene , Guzmán Eliana , Bianco José
Published: October 2006

Uno de los proyectos de gran envergadura de la Universidad de Los Andes (ULA) es la creación de la Biblioteca Digital de Tesis Electrónicas. Su consecución garantiza elevados niveles de interacción entre los actores internos y externos de la ULA a través de la consulta y publicación de la producción científica e intelectual de la Institución. En este artículo se presenta, en particular, la experiencia en la adaptación de la plataforma TEDE para la publicación de tesis electrónicas. La adaptación de la plataforma TEDE se llevó a cabo en tres etapas, a saber: a) Instalación, configuración y prueba de funcionalidad de la plataforma, b) Configuración y pruebas para el caso ULA, y c) Adaptación de la plataforma a la ULA. El resultado de esta adaptación fue una plataforma única que cumple con los requerimientos básicos establecidos para la publicación de tesis electrónicas en la ULA y que se ajusta perfectamente a cualquier institución académica de Venezuela. Muestra de esta experiencia ULA es su implantación en otras universidades nacionales como la Universidad del Zulia (LUZ), la Universidad Simón Bolívar (USB) y la Universidad Nacional Experimental de los Llanos Ezequiel Zamora (UNELLEZ).
Efeito do paclobutrazol e de ácido giberélico na indução floral do maracujazeiro-amarelo em condições de entressafra
Authors: Ataíde Elma Machado , Ruggiero Carlos , Oliveira João Carlos de , Rodrigues João Domingos , Oliveira Hércules José de
Published: October 2006

Objetivou-se estudar os efeitos de ácido giberélico (GA3) (i.a.), nas concentrações de 50 e 100 mg L-1, acrescido do espalhante adesivo Extravon® a 0,05%, em duas aplicações via foliar e do paclobutrazol (PBZ) (i.a.), em doses de 2 e 4 g por planta, aplicado via solo, em uma única aplicação, na antecipação da floração do maracujazeiro-amarelo, em Araguari-MG. O delineamento experimental empregado foi em parcelas subdivididas, com cinco tratamentos (parcelas) e dois tratamentos (subparcelas), com quatro repetições e quatro plantas por parcela. Foram identificados 12 ramos terciários por parcela, com seis ramos expostos à luminosidade predominante pela manhã e seis com luminosidade predominante à tarde. Avaliaram-se os dois lados da espaldeira aos 103 dias após a primeira aplicação dos tratamentos, observando-se o comprimento dos ramos e de entrenós, número de nós e de botões florais. Os reguladores não promoveram respostas significativas para o comprimento dos entrenós e o número de botões florais. Porém, observaram-se indícios de maior número de botões florais com PBZ 2 g. O maior comprimento dos ramos foi obtido com GA3 100 mg L-1, sob luminosidade, pela manhã. Ao se compararem os tratamentos nas duas condições de luminosidade, o PBZ 4 g, independentemente da condição de luminosidade, proporcionou o menor comprimento dos ramos.
RAPD markers utilization and other parameters in the determination of mango hybrids genitors
Authors: Cordeiro Maria Cristina Rocha , Pinto Alberto Carlos de Queiróz , Ramos Víctor Hugo Vargas , Faleiro Fábio Gelape , Fraga Lilia Marta Santos
Published: October 2006

Actually mango (Mangifera indica, L.) is considered one of the largest Brazilian fruitbusiness for the export market. Cultivar selection having high fruit quality is a fundamental step to obtain excellent results in this business. A mango breeding program based on intervarietal hybridization may produce new improved cultivars for mango growers. Mango hybrids have been obtained by controlled or open crosses. In the last one, it is important to identify the male parent because it is useful for the genetic cultivar history, thus it is important for planning further improvements. This work presents a parentage test using among others parameters RAPD (Random amplified Polymorphic DNA) markers to estimate the male parent of the selected hybrids in an open cross plot by using five mango cultivars densely planted in a latin square design.
Qualidade pós-colheita de cerejas cv. Ambrunés utilizando coberturas comestíveis
Authors: Carvalho Filho Celso Duarte , Honório Sylvio Luis , Gil José Moure
Published: October 2006

Objetivou-se, com o presente trabalho, avaliar a qualidade de cerejas cv. Ambrunés ("picotas"), cobertas com películas comestíveis à base de zeína e cera de carnaúba, aplicadas na forma de imersão e pulverização, e armazenadas em ambiente controlado a 5 ºC ± 0,5 ºC e umidade relativa de 90 - 95 %. Os parâmetros usados para avaliar a qualidade dos frutos foram: sólidos solúveis totais (SST), acidez total titulável (ATT), perda de peso, relação SST/ATT e deterioração fúngica. Os frutos foram avaliados até o 52º dia de conservação. A emulsão de cera de carnaúba mostrou-se superior em todos os parâmetros, quando comparados com os frutos-testemunha e os cobertos com zeína. A cobertura à base de zeína provocou a aceleração da maturação dos frutos e apresentou deterioração fúngica a partir do 24º dia de armazenamento. Foi observado que a forma de comercialização das cerejas sem o pedúnculo ("picotas") representa maior possibilidade de contaminação fúngica através da área lesionada. A emulsão de cera de carnaúba aplicada na forma de imersão retardou a podridão até o 45º dia de conservação, apresentando-se como o melhor tratamento.
Development of a shelling method to recover whole kernels of the Cutia nut (Couepia edulis)
Authors: Pessoa José Dalton Cruz , Leeuwen Johannes Van
Published: October 2006

The kernel of the cutia nut (castanha-de-cutia, Couepia edulis (Prance) Prance) of the western Amazon, which is consumed by the local population, has traditionally been extracted from the nut with a machete, a dangerous procedure that only produces kernels cut in half. A shelling off machine prototype, which produces whole kernels without serious risks to its operator, is described and tested. The machine makes a circular cut in the central part of the fruit shell, perpendicular to its main axis. Three ways of conditioning the fruits before cutting were compared: (1) control; (2) oven drying immediately prior to cutting; (3) oven drying, followed by a 24-hour interval before cutting. The time needed to extract and separate the kernel from the endocarp and testa was measured. Treatment 3 produced the highest output: 63 kernels per hour, the highest percentage of whole kernels (90%), and the best kernel taste. Kernel extraction with treatment 3 required 50% less time than treatment 1, while treatment 2 needed 38% less time than treatment 1. The proportion of kernels attached to the testa was 93%, 47%, and 8% for treatments 1, 2, and 3, respectively, and was the main reason for extraction time differences.
Germinação de sementes e emergência de plântulas de Oenocarpus minor Mart. (Arecaceae)
Authors: Silva Breno Marques da Silva e , Cesarino Fabiano , Lima Juliana Domingos , Pantoja Tammya de Figueiredo , Môro Fabiola Vitti
Published: October 2006

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da temperatura e do substrato na germinação, bem como determinar a profundidade ideal de semeadura para emergência de plântulas de Oenocarpus minor Mart. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3x4 (temperatura x substrato), com três repetições de 30 sementes cada. As sementes foram colocadas no interior de caixas plásticas contendo substrato umedecido com água destilada e mantidas em câmaras de germinação à temperatura constante e com fotoperíodo de 12 horas. Para a emergência, foram usadas 4 repetições de 24 sementes, distribuídas em bandeja plásticas, com plantmax e vermiculita, em 0; 2 e 4 cm de profundidade de semeadura, mantidas em casa de vegetação. Baseado nos resultados obtidos, os substratos mais adequados para a germinação de sementes foram a areia e a vermiculita, e a melhor temperatura foi a de 30ºC. Profundidade superior a 2 cm é inadequada para a semeadura de Oenocarpus minor Mart.
Qualidade de frutos do coqueiro-anão verde fertirrigado com nitrogênio e potássio
Authors: Silva Ricardo Alencar da , Cavalcante Lourival Ferreira , Holanda José Simplício de , Pereira Walter Esfrain , Moura Mácio Farias de , Ferreira Neto Miguel
Published: October 2006

Em um pomar de coqueiro-anão verde (Cocos nucifera L.) com três anos de idade, um experimento de campo foi desenvolvido no período de abril/2000 a maio/2002, em Parnamirim, Rio Grande do Norte, para avaliar os efeitos do nitrogênio e do potássio aplicados via fertirrigação sobre o peso médio dos frutos, o volume, o pH, o teor de sólidos solúveis e a condutividade elétrica da água de coco. Os tratamentos consistiram da combinação através da matriz experimental de Plan Puebla, de cinco doses de N e cinco doses de K, ambos variando de 135 a 2.565 g planta-1 ano-1. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. As doses de N e K afetaram o peso médio dos frutos, sendo que o maior peso médio, 2,23 kg, foi obtido com as doses de 881,31 g de N planta-1 ano-1 e 1.689,48 g de K planta-1 ano-1 . Também se observou efeito no volume da água de coco para os dois nutrientes. A dose de máxima eficiência física foi 818,94 g de N planta-1 ano-1 e 1.487,38 g de K planta-1 ano-1, atingindo 417,81mL de volume. Apenas as doses de K influíram no pH da água de coco. As doses de N e K aplicadas afetaram o teor de sólidos solúveis da água de coco de maneira linear, decrescente e crescente, respectivamente. As doses de N tiveram efeito linear decrescente, e as doses de K, efeito quadrático sobre a condutividade elétrica da água de coco.
Atraso do amadurecimento de banana 'Maçã' pelo 1-MCP, aplicado previamente à refrigeração
Authors: Almeida Gustavo Costa , Vilas Boas Eduardo Valério de Barros , Rodrigues Luiz José , Paula Nélio Ranieli Ferreira de
Published: October 2006

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes períodos de exposição da banana 'Maçã' a 50 ppb de 1-MCP (0; 3; 6; 9; 12 e 24 horas) sobre sua vida pós-colheita e qualidade. Após exposição ao 1-MCP, os frutos verde-maturos foram armazenados por 30 dias em câmaras com temperatura de 13ºC ± 0,5 e umidade relativa de 95%. Em seguida, as bananas foram armazenadas à temperatura de 20ºC ± 1, até amarelecimento completo da casca. A exposição de banana 'Maçã' a 50 ppb de 1-MCP, por 9 horas, retardou em 7 dias o seu amadurecimento, em comparação a frutos não expostos ao 1-MCP, após 30 dias de armazenamento refrigerado (13ºC), sem prejuízos à sua aparência e composição química. A exposição de banana 'Maçã' a 50 ppb de 1-MCP, por 3 e 6 horas, não estendeu sua vida pós-colheita, tampouco alterou sua composição química. Embora a exposição de banana 'Maçã' a 50 ppb de 1-MCP, por 12 e 24 horas, tenha retardado o seu amadurecimento, promoveu alterações indesejáveis na casca do fruto. Logo, a aplicação de 50 ppb de 1-MCP, por 9 horas, antes da refrigeração, constitui-se numa alternativa viável para prolongar o período de comercialização da banana.
Emissão de etileno e de CO2 em mamão 'Sunrise Solo' e 'Golden'
Authors: Fonseca Marcos José de Oliveira , Leal Nilton Rocha , Cenci Sérgio Agostinho , Cecon Paulo Roberto , Bressan-Smith Ricardo Enrique , Soares Antônio Gomes
Published: October 2006

Frutos de mamoeiro 'Sunrise Solo' e 'Golden' foram armazenados a 10º C e a 25º C e monitorados diariamente quanto às emissões de CO2 e de C2H4, observando-se a evolução do índice de cor de casca. A não-alteração do índice de cor de casca, ao longo dos 20 dias de conservação a 10º C, refletiu a influência da refrigeração na retenção do metabolismo dos mamões. Houve dois incrementos da respiração e da emissão de etileno, no quarto dia e entre o oitavo e o nono dia, nos frutos armazenados a 25º C. A temperatura de 10º C deteve a respiração climatérica do mamão e a emissão de etileno, comprovando que o seu metabolismo se reduz, permitindo que os frutos apresentem aspecto imaturo após 20 dias de armazenamento.
Physical and chemical characterization of yellow mangosteen fruits
Authors: Cavalcante Ítalo Herbert Lucena , Jesus Natanael de , Martins Antonio Baldo Geraldo
Published: October 2006

The work had as objective the physico-chemical characterization of yellow mangosteen fruits. Six samples of 25 fruits were harvested in yellow mangosteen plants of the Active Germoplasm Bank of São Paulo State University and characterized by evaluation of length and width, weight, percentage and number of seeds per fruit, peel and pulp percentage, soluble solid (SS), titratable acidity (TA), vitamin C and SS/TA rate. Yellow mangosteen fruit is an intermediate vitamin C source with an average content 120.33 mg/100g of fresh fruit and has good technological quality.
Manejo integrado de nematóides na cultura da bananeira
Authors: Ritzinger Cecília Helena Silvino Prata , Fancelli Marilene
Published: October 2006

O manejo integrado é uma exigência dos mercados importadores, sobretudo da Comunidade Européia (CE), rigorosa em requisitos de qualidade e sustentabilidade, que enfatiza primordialmente a proteção do meio ambiente, segurança alimentar, condições de trabalho, saúde humana e viabilidade econômica. Neste contexto, a utilização da matéria orgânica no manejo dos solos é uma das estratégias que mais benefícios traz à biodiversidade e conservação dos solos. É prática conhecida desde os primórdios da civilização. Contudo, sua utilização de forma efetiva depende ainda do conhecimento de muitas interações que ocorrem no agroecossistema. São apresentados alguns estudos de sua utilização no manejo integrado de fitonematóides e perspectivas de validação, com enfoque na cultura da bananeira e possibilidades de sua adoção para atender à demanda de sustentabilidade.
Control of tomato bacterial wilt through the incorporation of aerial part of pigeon pea and crotalaria to soil
Authors: Cardoso Suane C. , Soares Ana Cristina F. , Brito Alexsandro dos S. , Laranjeira Francisco F. , Ledo Carlos Alberto S. , Santos Andiale P. dos
Published: October 2006

The use of organic matter that improves the physical, chemical and biological soil properties has been studied as an inducer of suppressiveness to soilborne plant pathogens. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different sources and concentrations of organic matter on tomato bacterial wilt control. Two commercially available organic composts and freshly cut aerial parts of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) and crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea) were incorporated, in concentrations of 10, 20 and 30 % (v/v), into soil infested with Ralstonia solanacearum. The soil with the fresh organic matter of pigeon pea and crotalaria was incubated for 30 and 60 days before planting. Tomato seedlings of cv. Santa Clara were transplanted into polyethylene bags with 3 kg of the planting substrate (infested soil + organic matter). The wilting symptoms and percentage of flowering plants were evaluated for 45 days. All evaluated concentrations with incorporation and incubation for 30 days of aerial parts of pigeon pea and crotalaria controlled 100% tomato bacterial wilt. With 60 days of incubation, only the 10 % concentration of pigeon pea and crotalaria did not control the disease. These results suggest that soil incorporation of fresh aerial parts of pigeon pea and crotalaria is an effective method for bacterial wilt control.
Murcha-de-curtobacterium do feijoeiro no Estado de Santa Catarina e reação de genótipos a Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens
Authors: Theodoro Gustavo de Faria , Maringoni Antonio Carlos
Published: October 2006

Avaliou-se a ocorrência da murcha-de-curtobacterium em lavouras de feijoeiro comum em algumas localidades do Estado de Santa Catarina, nas safras 2002/03 e 2003/04, e o comportamento dos genótipos BRS Valente, Carioca, CHC 97-29, CHP 97-26, CNPF 8104, Diamante Negro, Empasc 201 - Chapecó, IAPAR 44, IPR Graúna, IPR Juriti, IPR Uirapuru, LP 9728, Pérola, SCS 202-Guará, Sel. CP 9310635, TPS Bionobre, TPS Bonito, TPS Magnífico, TPS Nobre, TPS Soberano e Xamego perante Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (Cff), em condições de casa-de-vegetação. As cultivares IAC Carioca Akytã, IAC Carioca Aruã e IAC Carioca Pyatã foram empregadas como padrões de resistência a Cff. As avaliações dos sintomas ocorreram aos 5, 10, 15, 20 e 25 dias após a inoculação (DAI) e, posteriormente, foi estimada a área abaixo da curva de progresso da murcha-de-curtobacterium (AACPMC), em cada genótipo. A doença esteve presente nos municípios de Campos Novos, Faxinal dos Guedes, Guatambu, Ipuaçu, Ponte Serrada e Tigrinhos e que, aos 10 DAI, as cultivares SCS 202 - Guará e IPR Juriti mostraram baixa severidade. Porém, aos 25 DAI, somente as cultivares padrões foram resistentes e apresentaram menor AACPMC.
Influência de meios de cultura e da interação carbono-nitrogênio no crescimento e esporulação de Penicillium sclerotigenum
Authors: Cutrim Flávia de Aquino , Oliveira Sônia M.A. , Dantas Suzana Alencar Freire , Silva Roberto Luiz Xavier
Published: October 2006

A podridão verde do inhame é uma doença de grande expressão econômica no estado de Pernambuco. Foram realizados estudos fisiológicos visando avaliar a influência de seis meios de cultura (BDA, Aveia, V-8, Czapeck, Cenoura e Inhame) sobre o crescimento micelial, esporulação e peso seco de dois isolados de Penicillium sclerotigenum (IB1 e IPR2). Os meios BDA e Inhame induziram maior crescimento micelial e, a maior produção de conídios foi obtida no Czapeck e Aveia, para ambos isolados utilizados. O meio de Aveia propiciou maior peso seco para o IB1 e IPR2. Foi estudado o efeito de diferentes combinações de fontes de carbono (maltose, dextrose, sacarose, amido) e nitrogênio (asparagina, peptona, nitrato de sódio, nitrato de potássio) sobre o desenvolvimento de P. sclerotigenum. O nitrato de sódio foi menos favorável ao crescimento micelial e esporulação. A combinação sacarose x peptona proporcionou o melhor crescimento micelial para ambos isolados. Para o IB1, a maior produção de conídios foi obtida com a sacarose x nitrato de potássio e para o IPR2 com a sacarose x peptona.
Primeira ocorrência de ferrugem em capim-limão causada por Puccinia cymbopogonis no Brasil
Authors: Vida João Batista , Carvalho Júnior Aníbal Alves de , Verzignassi Jaqueline Rosemeire
Published: October 2006

È registrada a primeira ocorrência de ferrugem em capim-limão (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf), causada por Puccinia cymbopogonis Mass., no Brasil, Estado do Paraná.