bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systemic Dosing of Virus-derived Serpin Improves Survival and Immunothrombotic Damage in Murine Colitis
Authors: Zhang Liqiang , Turk Julie , Monder Henna , Woodrow Cheyanne , Spaccarelli Laurel , Garg Aman , Schlievert Jessika , Elmadbouly Nora , Dupati Aashika , Aliskevich Emily , Saju Rohan , Kilbourne Jacqueline , Lowe Kenneth , Hamada Mostafa , Pinteric Aubrey , Zanetti Isabela R. , Satyanarayanan Ritvik Srivant , Enow Junior , Florsheim Esther , Rahman Masmudur , Irving James , McFadden Grant , Kong Wei , Lucas Alexandra R.
Published: January 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is potentially life-threatening, with risk of bleeding, clotting, infection, sepsis, cancer and toxic megacolon. Systemic and local immune and coagulation dysfunction increase IBD severity. Current treatments are partially effective, but there is no definitive cure.Serineprotease cascades activate thrombotic, thrombolytic and complement pathways and are regulated byinhibitors,serpins. Viruses encode proteins evolved from endogenous central regulatory pathways. A purified secreted Myxomavirus-derived serpin, Serp-1, dosed as a systemic anti-inflammatory drug, has proven efficacy in vascular and inflammatory disorders. PEGylated Serp-1 protein (PEGSerp-1) has improved efficacy in lupus and SARS-CoV-2 models. We examined PEGSerp-1 treatment in a mouse Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) colitis model. Prophylactic PEGSerp-1 significantly improved survival in acute severe 4-5% DSS colitis, reducing inflammation and crypt damage in acute 4-5% DSS induced colitis and when dosed as a chronic delayed treatment for recurrent 2% DSS colitis. PEGSerp-1 reduced iNOS+M1 macrophage invasion, damage to crypt architecture and vascular inflammation with decreased uPAR, fXa, fibrinogen and complement activation. This work supports PEGSerp-1 as a tissue targeting serpin therapeutic.
Experimental nuclear quadrupole resonance and computational study of the structurally refined topological semimetal
TaSb2
Authors: Fujii T. , Janson O. , Yasuoka H. , Rosner H. , Prots Yu. , Burkhardt U. , Schmidt M. , Baenitz M.
Published: January 2024

The local electric field gradients and magnetic dynamics of TaSb2 have been studied using Sb121, Sb123, and Ta181 nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) with density functional theory (DFT) calculations using XRD-determined crystal structures. By measuring all structurally expected 13 NQR lines, the nuclear quadrupole coupling constant (νQ) and asymmetric parameter (η) for Ta, Sb(1), and Sb(2) sites were obtained. These values are all in good agreement with the presented DFT calculations. Principal axes of the electric field gradients was determined for a single-crystal sample by measuring the angular dependencies of NMR frequency under a weak magnetic field. The unusual temperature dependence of η(T) of Sb(2) hints at the suppressed thermal expansion along the a axis. Spin-lattice relaxation rate (1/T1T) measurements reveal an activated-type behavior and an upturn below 30 K. Neither the low-temperature upturn nor the high-temperature activation-type behaviors are reproduced by the calculated 1/T1T based on the calculated density of states (DOS). On the other hand, the agreement between the calculated DOS and specific heat measurements indicates that the band renormalization is small. This fact indicates that TaSb2 deviates from the simple semimetal scenario, and magnetic excitations are not captured by Fermi liquid theory.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Eigenstate thermalization in (
2+1
)-dimensional SU(2) lattice gauge theory
Authors: Ebner Lukas , Schäfer Andreas , Seidl Clemens , Müller Berndt , Yao Xiaojun
Published: January 2024

We present preliminary numerical evidence for the hypothesis that the Hamiltonian SU(2) gauge theory discretized on a lattice obeys the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH). To do so we study three approximations: (a) a linear plaquette chain in a reduced Hilbert space limiting the electric field basis to j=0,12, (b) a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice with periodic or closed boundary condition and the same Hilbert space constraint, and (c) a chain of only three plaquettes but such a sufficiently large electric field Hilbert space (j≤72) that convergence of all energy eigenvalues in the analyzed energy window is observed. While an unconstrained Hilbert space is required to reach the continuum limit of SU(2) gauge theory, numerical resource constraints do not permit us to realize this requirement for all values of the coupling constant and large lattices. In each of the three studied cases we check first for random matrix theory (RMT) behavior in the eigenenergy spectrum and then analyze the diagonal as well as the off-diagonal matrix elements between energy eigenstates for a few operators. Within current uncertainties all results for (a), (b) and (c) agree with ETH predictions. Furthermore, we find the off-diagonal matrix elements of the electric energy operator exhibit RMT behavior in frequency windows that are small enough in (b) and (c). To unambiguously establish ETH behavior and determine for which class of operators it applies, an extension of our investigations is necessary.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Tuning pythia for forward physics experiments
Authors: Fieg Max , Kling Felix , Schulz Holger , Sjöstrand Torbjörn
Published: January 2024

Event generators like play an important role in physics studies at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). While they make accurate predictions in the central region, i.e., at pseudorapidities η<5, a disagreement between and measurements in the forward region η>7 has been observed. We introduce a dedicated forward physics tune for the event generator to be used for forward physics studies at the LHC, which uses a more flexible modeling of beam remnant hadronization and is tuned to available particle spectra measured by LHCf. Furthermore, we provide an uncertainty estimate on the new tune in a data-driven way which can be used as a means of flux uncertainty for future forward physics studies. We demonstrate an application of our tune by showing the updated neutrino and dark photon spectra at the FASER experiment.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Artificial first-order phase transition in a magnetized Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model with a quark anomalous magnetic moment
Authors: Tavares William R. , Avancini Sidney S. , Farias Ricardo L. S. , Cardoso Rafael P.
Published: January 2024

Recently, first-order phase transitions have been predicted as an effect of the inclusion of quark anomalous magnetic moment (AMM) in the hot and magnetized Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model (NJL). These transitions appear in the chiral condensate for different combinations of AMM and magnetic fields and could lead to inverse magnetic catalysis. However, in this work, we show that the predicted first-order phase transitions are related to regularization-dependent issues. To show this, we explore, in the context of the vacuum magnetic regularization (VMR) scheme, two different scenarios: when mass-dependent (MD) and mass-independent (MI) terms are present in the subtraction of the divergences. In the MD case, as we increase the AMM value, it is observed the appearance of a nonmassive minimum in the thermodynamical potential, which induces a first-order phase transition from the massive minimum. We argue that the MD terms must be avoided in order to satisfy the predictions of Lattice QCD, and we propose a MI solution that is valid in the limit which the magnetic fields are smaller than the squared of vacuum effective quark mass.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Mass spectrum of
1−−
heavy quarkonium
Authors: Zhao Zheng , Xu Kai , Limphirat Ayut , Sreethawong Warintorn , Tagsinsit Nattapat , Kaewsnod Attaphon , Liu Xuyang , Khosonthongkee Khanchai , Cheedket Sampart , Yan Yupeng
Published: January 2024

We calculate the masses and leptonic decay widths of the bottomonium bb¯ and charmonium cc¯ states in a constituent quark model where the Cornell-like potential and spin-dependent interaction are employed, with all model parameters predetermined by studying ground and first radial excited states of S- and P-wave heavy quarkonium mesons. By comparing the theoretical predictions for JPC=1−− quarkonium states with experimental data and considering possible mixtures of nS and (n−1)D states, we provide tentative assignments for all observed JPC=1−− heavy quarkonia. The work suggests that the ϒ(10860) and ϒ(11020) are bb¯ 5S−4D mixture states, and the ψ(4360) and ψ(4415) are largely 4S and 3D cc¯ states, respectively. The ψ(4230) may not be accommodated with the conventional meson picture in the present work.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
An unexpected tautomer: synthesis and crystal structure of N-[6-amino-4-(methylsulfanyl)-1,2-dihydro-1,3,5-triazin-2-ylidene]benzenesulfonamide
Authors: Mohamed-Ezzat Reham A. , Elgemeie Galal H. , Jones Peter G.
Published: January 2024

The title compound, C10H11N5O2S2, consists of an unexpected tautomer with a protonated nitrogen atom in the triazine ring and a formal exocyclic double bond C=N to the sulfonamide moiety. The ring angles at the unsubstituted nitrogen atoms are narrow, at 115.57 (12) and 115.19 (12)°, respectively, whereas the angle at the carbon atom between these N atoms is very wide, 127.97 (13)°. The interplanar angle between the two rings is 79.56 (5)°. The molecules are linked by three classical hydrogen bonds, forming a ribbon structure. There are also unusual linkages involving three short contacts (< 3 Å) from a sulfonamide oxygen atom to the C—NH—C part of a triazine ring.
Ethanol production from cassava peels using Saccharomyces cerevisiae via ethanologenic fermentation process
Authors: Sokan-Adeaga Adewale Allen , R.E.E. Ana Godson , Olorunnisola Abel Olajide , Sokan-Adeaga Micheal Ayodeji , Roy Hridoy , Reza Md Sumon , Islam Md. Shahinoor
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study aims to assess the effect of water variation on bioethanol production from cassava peels (CP) using Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast as the ethanologenic agent.

Design/methodology/approach

The milled CP was divided into three treatment groups in a small-scale flask experiment where each 20 g CP was subjected to two-stage hydrolysis. Different amount of water was added to the fermentation process of CP. The fermented samples were collected every 24 h for various analyses.

Findings

The results of the fermentation revealed that the highest ethanol productivity and fermentation efficiency was obtained at 17.38 ± 0.30% and 0.139 ± 0.003 gL−1 h−1. The study affirmed that ethanol production was increased for the addition of water up to 35% for the CP hydrolysate process.

Practical implications

The finding of this study demonstrates that S. cerevisiae is the key player in industrial ethanol production among a variety of yeasts that produce ethanol through sugar fermentation. In order to design truly sustainable processes, it should be expanded to include a thorough analysis and the gradual scaling-up of this process to an industrial level.

Originality/value

This paper is an original research work dealing with bioethanol production from CP using S. cerevisiae microbe.

Highlights

Hydrolysis of cassava peels using 13.1 M H2SO4 at 100 oC for 110 min gave high Glucose productivity

Highest ethanol production was obtained at 72 h of fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Optimal bioethanol concentration and yield were obtained at a hydration level of 35% agitation

Highest ethanol productivity and fermentation efficiency were 17.3%, 0.139 g.L−1.h−1
Emerging trends and performance measurement of cryptocurrency research during 2013–2022: a systematic review based on computational mapping
Authors: Saikia Swagota , Maurya Alka , Verma Manoj Kumar
Published: January 2024

Purpose

The emergence of cryptocurrencies has tremendously changed the way of financial transactions around the world which has led to form distinct discussions in the field regarding its reliability. This paper aims to evaluate the published literatures on cryptocurrency identifying its growth, citation, prolific authors, journals, countries, active funding agencies, collaboration pattern and emerging research hotspots in the area.

Design/methodology/approach

Scientometrics and Altmetrics parameters have been incorporated in the study. Literatures covered from the Scopus database searching within “Article Title, Abstract, Keywords” with keywords “cryptocurrency” OR “digital currency” OR “bitcoin” OR “Ethereum” by limiting the time range of 2013–2022, English language and journal articles only. Total 6,107 documents have been identified. The further analysis and visualisation is performed using MSExcel, VOSviewer, Biblioshiny and Tableau. Another tool, Dimension.ai is used to identify the Altmetric Attention Score.

Findings

The findings reveal that the growth of research and citation rate hiked from the year 2017 till now. Elie Bouri is the top contributor, IEEE Access is the most prolific journal, China being the prolific country. Topics like Blockchain, Bitcoin, Ethereum, smart contracts, financial markets are emerging researched hotspots. The reliability of crypto market is still not clear because of its high volatility. The findings of the study will be more useful in the academia, subject specialists, research institutions, funding agencies, publishing agencies in decision-making.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is no such study found considering both Scientometrics and Altmetrics approaches on cryptocurrency research with the selected time bound.
Study of machining performance for electrochemical grinding of difficult-to-cut alloy U71Mn
Authors: Li Zhaozhi , Zhang Changfu , Zhang Hairong , Liu Haihui , Zhu Zhao , Wang Liucheng
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study aims to apply an electrochemical grinding (ECG) technology to improve the material removal rate (MRR) under the premise of certain surface roughness in machining U71Mn alloy.

Design/methodology/approach

The effects of machining parameters (electrolyte type, grinding wheel granularity, applied voltage, grinding wheel speed and machining time) on the MRR and surface roughness are investigated with experiments.

Findings

The experiment results show that an electroplated diamond grinding wheel of 46# and 15 Wt.% NaNO3 + 10 Wt.% NaCl electrolyte is more suitable to be applied in U71Mn ECG. And the MRR and surface roughness are affected by machining parameters such as applied voltage, grinding wheel speed and machining time. In addition, the maximum MRR of 0.194 g/min is obtained with the 15 Wt.% NaCl electrolyte, 17 V applied voltage, 1,500 rpm grinding wheel speed and 60 s machining time. The minimum surface roughness of Ra 0.312 µm is obtained by the 15 Wt.% NaNO3 + 10 Wt.% NaCl electrolyte, 13 V applied voltage, 2,000 rpm grinding wheel speed and 60 s machining time.

Originality/value

Under the electrolyte scouring effect, the products and the heat generated in the machining can be better discharged. ECG has the potential to improve MRR and reduce surface roughness in machining U71Mn.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-10-2023-0341/
Entrepreneurial resilience (ER) and family business: a perspective article
Authors: Boers Börje , Billström Anders , Brozović Danilo
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This paper highlights the need for future studies researching the subject of resilience in family firms on different levels.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper reviews the literature on resilience in family businesses.

Findings

Resilience has become more important due to the recent multiple crises, starting with the coronavirus pandemic, followed by high inflation and energy prices, partly resulting from the war in Ukraine. These multiple crises affect the family and the business level. Future research must account for multiple levels when addressing it, i.e. the individual, the team, the family, and the business level. Resilience has to encompass all levels to sustain family business continuity.

Originality/value

By giving an overview of the concept of resilience, taking the family's perspective, and suggesting future avenues of research, the paper contributes to the development of family business research.
Are community health agents the link to integrating care? Lesson from Brazil
Authors: Veríssimo Larissa , Rainey Helen , Lindemann Roberta , Hendry Anne
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This viewpoint piece will highlight the contribution of trained lay community health workers to the integrated workforce in rural, remote and island settings, drawing on experience from a system strengthening project involving community health agents (CHAs) in four municipalities in Litoral Norte, a remote coastal and island region in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.

Design/methodology/approach

This viewpoint reflects on experiential learning from a unique north–south collaboration that spanned the period of a global pandemic. It adds to the international literature on the value of community health workers in public health and chronic disease management and highlights their potential pivotal role as integrators at point of care.

Findings

CHAs took forward actions that touched the lives of thousands of vulnerable families with low income and complex needs in communities with high levels of social and health inequalities. They acted as a bridge between patients and families at home, primary healthcare professionals and wider community partners and services. Their valuable insight into the healthcare issues and social challenges experienced by the community informed and supported family centred practice and population health goals. The CHAs rapidly pivoted to became an essential public health workforce during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Practical implications

As the authors establish integrated care systems and embrace proactive care and population health, the conditions are favourable for introducing a similar role in the UK. For psychological safety and avoidance of burnout people in such new roles will require training, supervision and full integration within community teams.

Originality/value

This viewpoint reflects experiential learning from a unique north–south collaboration that spanned the period of a global pandemic. It adds to the international literature on the value of community health workers in public health and chronic disease management and highlights their potential pivotal role as integrators at point of care.
The role of gender-identity congruity in cross-gender endorsement in the context of live streaming
Authors: Chen Xiang , Guo Shuojia , Han Shuhua
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This paper critically examines the effectiveness of male anchor in cross-gender endorsements and questions whether it can truly deliver positive outcomes for advertisers in the context of live streaming. It explores the underlying mechanisms of this effect by examining the mediation effect of perceived gender-identity incongruence and the moderation effect of anchor presence.

Design/methodology/approach

Three experiments are conducted to examine the effect of cross-gender endorsement on purchase intention.

Findings

The findings from three experiments provide empirical evidence that the endorsement of female-gendered products by male anchors leads to a significant decrease in the evaluation of these products among female consumers. This negative effect is mediated by a sense of gender-identity incongruence experienced by female consumers. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that female customers exhibit higher purchase intent for female-gendered products endorsed by male virtual anchors compared to real anchors; however, the same pattern was not observed in the case of female anchors.

Originality/value

This paper empirically examines the possible negative effects of the male anchor endorsement in the live streaming context. It reveals the underlying mechanism of this negative effect, and how the virtual “presence” take a role in this underlying mechanism.
From pixels to engagement: examining the impact of image resolution in cause-related marketing on Instagram
Authors: Ryu Sann
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the visual effects of cause-related marketing (CM) posts on Instagram, with a focus on image resolution and consumer engagement.

Design/methodology/approach

Three studies were conducted through an experimental design. Study 1 (N = 155) uncovered the mediation underlying the effects of image quality (low and high image resolution). Study 2 (N = 160) replicated the findings of the first study and extended the investigation by examining the mediator (fluency) and moderator (visual sensitivity). Study 3 (N = 291) further extended the effects of image resolution by demonstrating its interactive effects with the visual complexity of an Instagram post design in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment.

Findings

The serial mediation analysis demonstrated that high image resolution CM posts yielded more favorable evaluations in terms of brand credibility and information costs saved, subsequently leading to positive brand attitudes, purchase intentions and increased Instagram engagement. Processing fluency mediated image effects on brand credibility, while individual differences in visual sensitivity moderated the image effects. The image resolution effects were greater for visually complex CM posts compared to simple ones.

Originality/value

To one's best knowledge, little to no research has examined the image quality of Instagram posts in the context of CM and the extent to which such visual cues can affect consumers' brand evaluations and engagement on the platform.

Research implications

Despite its practical significance, there exists a notable gap in understanding the specific role of CM posts on Instagram and the impact of visual elements on consumer behaviors. The current research findings aim to bridge the research gap.
Employee cohesion and its influence on workplace learning: The lived experiences of public university lecturers in Ethiopia
Authors: Birhanu Ermiyas Tsehay , Gugssa Mulugeta Awayehu
Published: January 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the driving factors for staff cohesiveness in the workplace and how they are related to workplace learning and development opportunities. Two research questions guided the inquiry: (1) What are the driving factors for staff cohesiveness in the workplace? and (2) How does staff cohesiveness influence workplace learning?

Design/methodology/approach

This study is based on a phenomenological research design. The data collection involved interviews and focus group discussions with 22 lecturers in two public universities. Thematic analysis was followed to analyse and interpret data.

Findings

The findings of this study indicate that staff cohesiveness is greatly influenced by several factors. Firstly, the presence of shared visions and goals plays a significant role in fostering staff cohesion. In addition, the similarity of age and gender among employees, as well as the presence of mutual support and a sense of belongingness, trust and solidarity, managerial support and the nature of the job that requires collective action, all contribute to staff cohesiveness. It is worth noting that previous studies have not reported the influence of age, gender and job characteristics as factors influencing staff cohesiveness.

Practical implications

Employers should not only focus on the knowledge and hard skills of applicants but also on the soft skills which support teamwork and cohesion in the workplace. Managers who want to enhance workplace learning should create opportunities for social gatherings and informal contacts in the workplace to facilitate informal learning in the workplace. Researchers focusing on workplace learning should include tacit learning practices that occur in the workplace as a result of the closeness between teammates.

Originality/value

This manuscript, which the authors hereby present, is the result of own original work. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the authors wish to emphasise that it has not been submitted for publication in any other journals.
The mediating role of capital on deposit insurance and financial stability: evidence from Islamic and conventional banks
Authors: Ben-Ammar Houssem
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate the interaction between bank capital and explicit deposit insurance scheme (DIS) on the financial stability of Islamic and conventional banks.

Design/methodology/approach

The author's sample covers 52 Islamic and 108 conventional banks operating in 12 countries over the period 2000–2021 using the random-effects generalized least squares (RE-GLS) regression technique.

Findings

The author's results reveal that bank capital negatively mediates the relationship between explicit DIS and the financial stability of both Islamic and conventional banks. Additionally, explicit DIS has a positive impact on the financial stability of conventional banks. However, the results are mixed for Islamic banks, as the effect of explicit DIS is positive for the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region but negative for the South and Southeast Asia (SSA) region. Finally, the interaction between explicit DIS and the COVID-19 pandemic has a negative effect on conventional banks operating in the MENA region, while it has a positive effect on Islamic banks operating in the SSA region.

Research limitations/implications

The findings of this paper have important implications for regulators in evaluating DIS policies and in anticipating any potential adverse consequences that might arise for both Islamic and conventional banks in normal and crisis times. Policymakers should strive to preserve the benefits of DIS while mitigating the destabilizing effects of its interaction with capital ratios.

Originality/value

This study introduces a novel aspect by examining the mediating role of capital in the relationship between explicit DIS and the financial stability of Islamic and conventional banks.
Transforming practices of co-creating values in a contemporary art exhibition
Authors: Kłeczek Ryszard , Hajdas Monika
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate how art events can enrich novice visitors by transforming their practices.

Design/methodology/approach

This research uses an interpretive case study of the art exhibition “1/1/1/1/1” in the Oppenheim gallery in Wroclaw. It draws on multiple sources of evidence, namely, novice visitors’ interviews, observation including photo studies and content analysis of art-makers’ mediation sources. This study is an example of contextual theorizing from case studies and participatory action research with researchers as change agents.

Findings

The evidence highlights that aesthetic values and experiences are contextual to practices and are transformable into other values. The findings illustrate the role of practice theory in studying how art-makers inspire the transformation of practices, including values driving the latter.

Research limitations/implications

The findings provide implications for transformations of co-creating contextual values in contemporary visual art consumption and customer experience management.

Practical implications

Practical implications to arts organizations are also provided regarding cultural mediation conducted by art-makers. Exhibition makers should explain the meanings of the particularly visible artefacts to allow visitors to develop a congruent understanding of the meanings. The explanations should not provide ready answers or solutions to the problem art-makers suggest to rethink.

Social implications

The social implication of our findings is that stakeholders in artistic ventures may undertake adequate, qualified and convergent actions to maintain or transform the defined interactive practices between them in co-creating contextual aesthetic values.

Originality/value

The study provides new insights into co-creating values in practices in the domain of contemporary art exhibitions by bringing the practice theory together with an audience enrichment category, thus illustrating how novice visitors get enriched by transforming their practices led by contextual values of “liking” and “understanding”.
Personality and humor in groups: implications for collective emotional intelligence, psychological safety and satisfaction
Authors: Gheorghe Andreea , Curșeu Petru Lucian , Fodor Oana C.
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study aims to explore the role of team personality and leader’s humor style on the use of humor in group communication and the extent to which group humor mediates the association between team personality on the one hand, psychological safety, collective emotional intelligence and group satisfaction on the other hand.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors used a survey to collect data from 304 employees nested in 83 groups working in organizations from various sectors in Romania.

Findings

The study results show that extraversion is positively associated with group affiliative humor, while neuroticism has a positive association with group aggressive humor. The leader’s affiliative humor style had a significant positive effect on group affiliative humor, while the effect of leader’s aggressive humor style on the use of aggressive humor in groups was not significant. Furthermore, the authors examined the mediation role of group humor in the relationship between team personality and team emergent states and satisfaction. The authors found that group aggressive humor mediates the association between neuroticism and group emotional intelligence, psychological safety and satisfaction, while affiliative humor mediates the association between extraversion and emotional intelligence and team satisfaction.

Originality/value

The study reports one of the first attempts to explore the multilevel interplay of team personality and humor in groups as they relate to emergent states.
Apocynin exerts neuroprotective effects in fumonisin b1–induced neurotoxicity via attenuation of oxidative stress and apoptosis in an animal model
Authors: Krishnaswamy Krupashree , Manasa Vallamkondu , Khan Mohammed Touseef , Serva Peddha Muthukumar
Published: January 2024

The Fusarium verticillioides produces a mycotoxin, that is, fumonisin b1 (Fb1), which commonly infects corn and agricultural commodities. The Fb1 showed hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and carcinogenicity in animals. Hence, the present investigation aimed to evaluate the effect of apocynin (AP) on Fb1‐induced neurotoxic effects and its mechanism in the mice model and cell line. The male Balb/c mice, with the 6.75 mg/kg bwt of Fb1 were injected subcutaneously for 5 days to induce neurotoxicity. A significant elevation of serotonin (5‐HT) was observed in mice treated with Fb1 in the whole brain showing biogenic amines may reflect Fb1 neurotoxicity, but the negatively regulated mechanisms were attenuated by the pretreatment of AP. In addition, AP pretreatment normalized apoptotic changes in histology and immunohistochemistry studies. In Western blotting studies, apoptotic genes were upregulated and oxidative stress genes were downregulated due to Fb1 treatment; while treating with AP, these gene expressions were rectified. Further cell cytotoxicity was investigated by MTT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays in SH‐SY5Y cell line. MTT and LDH assays indicated the IC50 value to be 150 µM of Fb1, which was protected by 100 µg of AP. The electron microscopy evaluated the Fb1‐induced apoptotic conditions and its cell morphology recovery by AP. These results suggest that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen oxidase–mediated reactive oxygen species is the primary upstream signal leading to increased Fb1‐mediated neurotoxicity in mice. The use of the antioxidant AP reversed the toxin‐induced oxidative stress and apoptosis by its antioxidant potency.
Evaluation of edible oil types used in packaged foods in Türkiye with principal component analysis
Authors: Icyer Necattin Cihat , Kuran Nesrin
Published: January 2024

In our rapidly changing world, where consumers’ expectations for healthy food are on the rise, the edible oil content in packaged foods has become a central focus. Among various types of oils, palm oil is often regarded as one of the most contentious. This research study aimed to identify the types of fats present in packaged food products in Türkiye and examined the reasons for their utilization. A total of 1380 packaged food items, classified into 11 categories, were scrutinized, and the types of oils within their ingredients were classified using principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. The study's results have determined that among packaged food products available in Türkiye, 50.1% contain palm oil, 30.4% contain sunflower oil, 16.4% contain canola oil, 14.9% contain cottonseed oil, 17.9% contain cocoa oil, and 12.6% contain coconut oil. In particular, it was determined that palm oil was used in 91% of bakery products, 81% of margarine and shortening products, and 71.3% of ice creams. Consequently, the data obtained in the context of ongoing debates regarding the fat content in packaged foods, especially concerning palm oil usage, will make a valuable contribution to the literature.
The emergence of natural products as potential therapeutics for male infertility
Authors: Li Xiuyun , Zhang Bin , Yang Huijun , Zhang Liuping , Lou Hongxiang , Zheng Shicun
Published: January 2024

Infertility is a major reproductive health problem. Approximately 50% of all documented cases of infertility are attributable to male factors, such as poor testicular function and semen quality. The recent significant global decline in sperm counts has serious implications for male fertility, but the armamentarium for improving testicular function and semen quality is limited. Natural products have a wide range of activities and are a major source of drugs for disease prevention and treatment. To provide ideas and a theoretical basis for the research and development of therapeutic drugs for male infertility, this review summarizes natural products (mostly monomers) that have been shown to improve testicular function and semen quality and their possible mechanisms of action. These natural products primarily improve testicular function and semen quality via antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti‐inflammatory effects, in addition to increasing serum testosterone and reducing DNA damage in spermatozoa and testicular cells. Prospects for the application of natural products in the treatment of male infertility are discussed.
The social epistemology of eating disorders: How our gaps in understanding challenge patient care
Authors: Lee Ji‐Young
Published: January 2024

In this article, I argue that various epistemic challenges associated with eating disorders (EDs) can negatively affect the care of already marginalized patient groups with various EDs. I will first outline deficiencies in our understanding of EDs—in research, healthcare settings, and beyond. I will then illustrate with examples cases where discriminatory misconceptions about what EDs are, the presentation and treatment of EDs, and who gets EDs, instantiate obstacles for the treatment of various ED patient groups.
Design and implementation of an AI‐enabled visual report tool as formative assessment to promote learning achievement and self‐regulated learning: An experimental study
Authors: Liao Xiaofang , Zhang Xuedi , Wang Zhifeng , Luo Heng
Published: January 2024

Formative assessment is essential for improving teaching and learning, and AI and visualization techniques provide great potential for its design and delivery. Using NLP, cognitive diagnostic and visualization techniques designed to analyse and present students' monthly exam data, we developed an AI‐enabled visual report tool comprising six modules and conducted an empirical study of its effectiveness in a high school biology classroom. A total of 125 students in a ninth‐grade biology course were assigned to a treatment group (n = 63) receiving AI‐enabled visual reports as the intervention and a control group (n = 62) receiving overall oral feedback from the teacher. We present the main statistical results of the within‐subjects design and the between‐subjects design respectively, to better capture the main findings. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant interaction effect of intervention and time on learning achievement, and the paired‐sample Wilcoxon test indicated that the treatment group had experienced increasing learning anxiety (Cohen's d = 0.203, p = 0.046) and self‐efficacy (Cohen's d = 1.793, p = 0.000) over time. Moreover, we conducted a series of non‐parametric tests to compare the effects of AI‐enabled visual reports and teacher feedback, but found no significant differences except for an increased self‐efficacy (Cohen's d = 0.312, p = 0.046). Additionally, we had the students in the treatment group rate their favourable modules in the AI‐enabled visual report and provide evaluative feedback. The study results provide important insights into the design and implementation of effective formative assessment supported by artificial AI and visualization techniques.

Practitioner notes

What is already known about this topic

Formative assessment is essential for improving teaching and learning.

Traditional formative assessment tools lack accurate data‐oriented assessment and usability.

AI and visualization techniques have great potential for formative assessment.

What this paper adds

This study designs and implements an AI‐enabled visual report tool that generates data‐driven, user‐friendly reports.

The AI‐enabled visual report can not only enhance students' learning achievement and self‐regulated learning over time but also increase their test anxiety.

The AI‐enabled visual report has a comparable effect with teacher feedback but leads to increased self‐efficacy.

Implications for practice and/or policy

We recommend using the AI‐enabled visual report in large‐size classes for its overall positive effects on both learning achievement and self‐regulated learning.

We recommend using the AI‐enabled visual report over teacher feedback for its capacity to enhance students' self‐efficacy.

We recommend prioritizing the modules of Performance Ranking, Personal Mastery and Knowledge Alert when designing the AI‐enabled visual report.
Ecological niche modelling and population genomics provide insights into the geographic and demographic ‘explosion’ of a non‐indigenous salmonid
Authors: Maduna Simo Njabulo , Aspholm Paul Eric , Hansen Ane‐Sofie Bednarczyk , Klütsch Cornelya F. C. , Hagen Snorre B.
Published: January 2024

Aim

Effective management of non‐indigenous species requires knowledge of their dispersal factors and founder events. We aim to identify the main environmental drivers favouring dispersal events along the invasion gradient and to characterize the spatial patterns of genetic diversity in feral populations of the non‐native pink salmon within its epicentre of invasion in Norway.

Location

Mainland Norway and North Atlantic Basin.

Methods

We first conducted SDM using four modelling techniques with varying levels of complexity, which encompassed both regression‐based and tree‐based machine‐learning algorithms, using climatic data from the present to 2050. Then, we used the triple‐enzyme restriction‐site associated DNA sequencing (3RADseq) approach to genotype over 30,000 high‐quality single‐nucleotide polymorphisms to elucidate the patterns of genetic diversity and gene flow within the pink salmon putative invasion hotspot.

Results

We discovered temperature‐ and precipitation‐related variables drove pink salmon distributional shifts across its non‐native ranges and that climate‐induced favourable areas will remain stable for the next 30 years. In addition, all SDMs identified north‐eastern Norway as the epicentre of the pink salmon invasion, and genomic data revealed that there was minimal variation in genetic diversity across the sampled populations at a genome‐wide level in this region. While utilizing a specific group of ‘diagnostic’ SNPs, we observed a significant degree of genetic differentiation, ranging from moderate to substantial, and detected four hierarchical genetic clusters concordant with geography.

Main Conclusions

Our findings suggest that fluctuations in climate extreme events associated with ongoing climate change will likely maintain environmental favourability for the pink salmon outside its ‘native’/introduced ranges. Locally invaded rivers are themselves potential source populations of invaders in the ongoing secondary spread of pink salmon in Northern Norway. Our study shows that SDMs and genomic data can reveal species distribution determinants and provide indicators to aid in post‐control measures and potentially inferences about their success.
The rise and fall of paper money in Yuan China, 1260–1368
Authors: Guan Hanhui , Palma Nuno , Wu Meng
Published: January 2024

Following the Mongol invasion of China, the Yuan (1260–1368) dynasty was the first political regime to introduce a precious metal standard and deploy paper money as the sole legal tender. Drawing on a new dataset on money issues, prices, warfare, imperial grants, taxation, natural disasters, and population, we find that a silver standard initially consolidated the Chinese currency market. However, persistent fiscal pressures eventually compelled rulers to ease the monetary standard, and a fiat standard was adopted. We show that inflation was high in the early and late periods of the dynasty but remained moderate for nearly half a century. We find that military pressure, particularly civil war, generated fiscal demands that led to the over‐issuance of money. By contrast, natural disasters and imperial grants did not trigger the over‐issue of money. Warfare was much more likely to increase paper money issues under the fiat standard than during the silver standard period.
A post hoc analysis of PROTECT VIII kids assessing long‐term efficacy and safety of damoctocog alfa pegol in adolescents with severe haemophilia A
Authors: Ahuja Sanjay , Biss Tina , Maas Enriquez Monika , Mancuso Maria Elisa , Steele MacGregor , Kenet Gili
Published: January 2024

Introduction

The safety and efficacy of the extended half‐life factor VIII (FVIII) product damoctocog alfa pegol (BAY 94‐9027, Jivi®) has been demonstrated in the PROTECT VIII Kids study (NCT01775618), where male previously‐treated patients (PTPs) aged <12 years old with severe haemophilia A and ≥ 50 exposure days (EDs) were treated prophylactically. The PROTECT VIII Kids extension study assessed the long‐term safety and efficacy of damoctocog alfa pegol in the same population.

Aim

To evaluate the long‐term impact of damoctocog alfa pegol in a post hoc subgroup analysis of adolescent patients in the PROTECT VIII Kids study and its extension from 12th birthday onwards.

Methods

The current analysis included PTPs aged ≥12 years old, who remained in the extension for ≥6 months following their 12th birthday. The observation period was defined as the time from 12th birthday to the end of the extension period; all data from this birthday were included whether in the main study or extension phase. The main efficacy variable was annualised bleeding rate (ABR) and the main safety variable was the frequency of inhibitor development.

Results

This subgroup analysis comprised 25 patients. Median observation time after 12th birthday was 3.2 years. Median total/joint/spontaneous ABRs in the observation period were 1.7/0.7/0.3, respectively. Safety findings were consistent with those reported for the overall study population; no confirmed FVIII inhibitors or anti‐drug antibodies were reported.

Conclusions

Damoctocog alfa pegol is efficacious with a favourable safety profile in adolescents with haemophilia A, supporting its long‐term use in children and adolescents.
Implications for cumulative and prolonged clinical improvement induced by cross‐linked hyaluronic acid: An in vivo biochemical/microscopic study in humans
Authors: Wang Frank , Do Thy Thy , Smith Noah , Orringer Jeffrey S. , Kang Sewon , Voorhees John J. , Fisher Gary J.
Published: January 2024

In photoaged human skin, type I collagen fragmentation impairs dermal extracellular matrix (ECM) integrity, resulting in collapsed/contracted fibroblasts with reduced type I procollagen synthesis. Injections of cross‐linked hyaluronic acid (CL‐HA) reverse these deleterious changes. To investigate the time course and effects of biochemical changes induced by injected CL‐HA, particularly whether fibroblast activation leads to accumulation/deposition of dermal collagen, we injected CL‐HA into photoaged skin of human participants over 60 years‐old and performed biochemical/microscopic analyses of skin samples. Beginning 1 week post‐injection and lasting 6–9 months, fibroblasts exhibited activation, including increased immunostaining and gene expression of markers of type I collagen synthesis, such as heat shock protein 47 and components of the transforming growth factor‐β pathway. At 1 week post‐injection, multiphoton microscopy revealed elongation/stretching of fibroblasts, indicating enhanced dermal mechanical support. At 4 weeks, second‐harmonic generation microscopy revealed thick collagen bundles densely packed around pools of injected CL‐HA. At 12 months, accumulation of thick collagen bundles was observed and injected CL‐HA remained present in substantial amounts. Thus, by occupying space in the dermal ECM, injected CL‐HA rapidly and durably enhances mechanical support, stimulating fibroblast elongation and activation, which results in thick, densely packed type I collagen bundles accumulating as early as 4 weeks post‐injection and continuing for at least a year. These observations indicate that early and prolonged clinical improvement following CL‐HA injection results from space‐filling and collagen deposition. As type I collagen has an estimated half‐life of 15 years, our data provide the foundations for optimizing the timing/frequency of repeat CL‐HA injections.
An AI knowledge‐based system for police assistance in crime investigation
Authors: Fernandez‐Basso Carlos , Gutiérrez‐Batista Karel , Gómez‐Romero Juan , Ruiz M. Dolores , Martin‐Bautista Maria J.
Published: January 2024

The fight against crime is often an arduous task overall when huge amounts of data have to be inspected, as is currently the case when it comes for example in the detection of criminal activity on the dark web. This work presents and describes an artificial intelligence (AI) based system that combines various tools to assist police or law enforcement agencies during their investigations, or at least mitigate the hard process of data collection, processing and analysis. The system is an early warning/early action system for crime investigation that supports law enforcement with different processes to collect and process data as well as having knowledge extraction tools. It helps to extract information during the investigation of a criminal case or even to detect possible criminal hotspots that may lead to further investigation or analysis of a criminal case Abu Al‐Haija et al. (2022, Electronics, 11, 556). The functionality of the proposed system is illustrated through several examples using data collected from the dark web, which includes advertisements offering firearms‐related products.