bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydralazine Reverses Stress-Induced Elevations in Blood Pressure, Angiotensin II, Testosterone, and Coronary Pathology in a Social Colony Model
Authors: Li Changying , Salisbury Ron , Ely Daniel
Published: July 2011

Background. The vasodilator hydralazine (HYZ) has been used successfully to lower blood pressure (BP) in hypertension. Recently proposed novel mechanisms suggest it may be an important drug in reducing cardiovascular pathology. Methods. The hypothesis was that social stress would increase BP and endocrine factors that lead to increased coronary artery collagen deposition, and that HYZ treatment would reverse these changes. SHR males were compared: controls, colony stress and colony stress with HYZ treatment. Results. BP was significantly elevated in the stress group compared to controls and HYZ reduced the BP compared to controls. Plasma Ang II and T were significantly increased by colony stress compared to controls and HYZ restored both to control values. Collagen deposition in the coronary artery was increased in the colony stress group compared to controls but HYZ treatment restored the collagen to that of control values. Conclusions. HYZ reduced not only BP, but also reduced coronary adventitial collagen. The mechanism of the BP effect is most likely through vasodilation and the collagen reduction may be due to both a direct action of HYZ on collagen synthetic enzymes and indirectly through an effect of testosterone and angiotensin II.
Pharmacogenetics and Gender Association with Psychotic Episodes on Nortriptyline Lower Doses: Patient Cases
Authors: Piatkov Irina , Jones Trudi
Published: July 2011

The variation in individual responses to psychotropic drug treatment remains a critical problem in the management of psychotic disorders. Although most patients will experience remission, some patients may develop drug-induced adverse effects that may range from troublesome to life threatening. Antidepressants are freely prescribed by general practitioners, and there should be constant awareness in the medical community about possible serious side effects. We describe two cases of adverse drug reactions on low dosage treatment that led to extreme psychotic episodes as examples of the potential for dangerous side effects. The patients developed adverse reactions on the normal recommended dosage of nortriptyline, a tricyclics antidepressant (TCA). Both were females, with no history of antidepressant treatment, unsocial behaviour, nor any family history of psychosis, but both experienced severe psychiatric symptoms. Pharmacogenetic tests can easily be performed and interpreted according to the likelihood of adverse reactions and should be included in toxicity interpretation.
Lignin Powered Versatile Bioelastomer: A Universal Medium for Smart Photothermal Conversion
Authors: Sun Zhiwen , Dang Chao , Zhang Hongmei , Feng Yufan , Jiang Ming , Hu Songnan , Shao Yizhe , Hao Sanwei , Shao Changyou , Zhai Wei , Sun Runcang
Published: May 2024

Photothermal elastomers are recognized as smart flexible materials that can rapidly and effectively convert light energy into heat energy. However, there has been a lack of adequate focus on tackling the sustainability challenges of photothermal elastomers, particularly in terms of material selection, the integration of complex functionalities, and final disposal. A fully bio‐derived photothermal elastomer (BPTE) produced through a simple and chemical‐free approach is introduced, utilizing alkali lignin, lipoic acid, and phytic acid as bio‐derived feedstocks. The BPTE exhibits an adaptive polymeric network crosslinked by dynamic covalent disulfide bonds and multiple hydrogen bonds, endowing it with dual‐mode photothermal conversion capability, robustness, stretchability, rapidly self‐healing property, hydrophobicity, swelling resistance, self‐adhesion, full recyclability, and degradability. The BPTE is further demonstrated as a next‐generation solution for photothermal generators, light‐driven actuators, photothermal antibacterial dressings, and photothermal fibers. The versatility of BPTE opens avenues for innovative smart devices and systems with significant potential in energy conversion, soft robotics, medical treatment, and smart clothing. With outstanding photothermal performances, full recyclability, and biodegradability, these fully bio‐based elastomers present an attractive prospect for the development of the advanced smart photothermal products.
Integrated Antigenic and Nucleic Acid Detection in Single Virions and Extracellular Vesicles with Viral Content
Authors: Nguyen Kim Truc , Rima Xilal Y. , Nguyen Luong T. H. , Wang Xinyu , Kwak Kwang Joo , Yoon Min Jin , Li Hong , Chiang Chi‐Ling , Doon‐Ralls Jacob , Scherler Kelsey , Fallen Shannon , Godfrey Stephanie L. , Wallick Julie A. , Magaña Setty M. , Palmer Andre F. , Lee Inyoul , Nunn Christopher C. , Reeves Kimberly M. , Kaplan Henry G. , Goldman Jason D. , Heath James R. , Wang Kai , Pancholi Preeti , Lee L. James , Reátegui Eduardo
Published: May 2024

Virion‐mediated outbreaks are imminent and despite rapid responses, continue to cause adverse symptoms and death. Therefore, tunable, sensitive, high‐throughput assays are needed to help diagnose future virion‐mediated outbreaks. Herein, it is developed a tunable in situ assay to selectively enrich virions and extracellular vesicles (EVs) and simultaneously detect antigens and nucleic acids at a single‐particle resolution. The Biochip Antigen and RNA Assay (BARA) enhanced sensitivities compared to quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), enabling the detection of virions in asymptomatic patients, genetic mutations in single virions, and enabling the continued long‐term expression of viral RNA in the EV‐enriched subpopulation in the plasma of patients with post‐acute sequelae of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID‐19). BARA revealed highly accurate diagnoses of COVID‐19 by simultaneously detecting the spike glycoprotein and nucleocapsid‐encoding RNA in saliva and nasopharyngeal swab samples. Altogether, the single‐particle detection of antigens and viral RNA provides a tunable framework for the diagnosis, monitoring, and mutation screening of current and future outbreaks.
SHG Assisted Mixed‐Phases Anatomizing in a Molecular Ferroelectric
Authors: Du Guo‐Wei , Cao Xiao‐Xing , Xiong Yu‐An , Yao Jie , Feng Zi‐Jie , Zhou Ru‐Jie , Sha Tai‐Ting , Ji Hao‐Ran , Zhang Xiangzhi , Jing Zheng‐Yin , Pan Qiang
Published: May 2024

Anatomizing mixed‐phases, referring to analyzing the mixing profiles and quantifying the phases’ proportions in a material, which is of great significance in the genuine applications. Here, by using second‐harmonic generation (SHG) polarimetry and piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) techniques, this work elucidates the contributions and distributions of two different symmetric phases mixed in an archetype monoaxial molecular ferroelectric, diisopropylammonium chloride (DIPACl). The two competing phases are preferred in thermodynamics or kinetic process respectively, and this work evidences the switching behavior between the two competing phases facilitated by an external electrical field as opposed to a heating process. This research contributes novel insights into phase engineering in the field of molecular ferroelectrics and is poised to serve as a potent analytical tool for subsequent applications.
Enhanced Femtosecond Nonlinear Optical Susceptibility and Terahertz Conductivity in MoSe2‐Noble Metal Nanocomposites
Authors: Mondal Koushik , Haldar Amit , Pramanik Ashim , Layek Rashbihari , Banerjee Dipanjan , Soma Venugopal Rao , Pal Shovon , Kumbhakar Pathik
Published: May 2024

Creating heterojunctions or composites by incorporating noble metals offers a remarkable means to modulate the electronic charge transfer and the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). The response of such 2D‐TMDC‐noble metal composites to femtosecond (fs) infrared (IR) and terahertz (THz) radiation, however, remains vastly unexplored. While the linear optical characteristics of a prototypical 2D‐TMDC, namely, MoSe2 nanosheets incorporated with noble metal (such as Au, Pt, and Ag) nanoparticles in the UV–Vis and the THz spectral range, the NLO characteristics are measured using a 70‐fs pulse at 800 nm excitation is investigated. The results demonstrate a clear reduction of band gap with the incorporation of noble metals in MoSe2, indicating an effective charge transfer mechanism at play. Notably, the MoSe2‐noble metal nanocomposites depicted a significant enhancement in the THz conductivities. In addition, a dramatic 4‐fold enhancement in the third‐order nonlinear coefficient and ≈2‐fold enhancement in the third‐order NLO susceptibility is achieved in MoSe2‐Ag nanocomposite. These results univocally suggest that the noble metal‐based composites with suitable charge transfer channels promote enhanced carrier mobilities and tunable electron transfer dynamics, making these hybrid materials promising candidates for optoelectronic applications both at IR and THz frequencies.
An Adapted Indicator Framework for Evaluating the Potential Contribution of Bioeconomy Approaches to Agricultural Systems Resilience
Authors: Lewandowski Iris , von Cossel Moritz , Winkler Bastian , Bauerle Andrea , Gaudet Nicole , Kiesel Andreas , Lewin Eva , Magenau Elena , Marting Vidaurre Nirvana Angela , Müller Benedikt , Schlecht Valentin , Thumm Ulrich , Trenkner Marielle , Vargas‐Carpintero Ricardo , Weickert Sebastian , Weik Jan , Reinmuth Evelyn
Published: May 2024

This study reviews a variety of “bioeconomy approaches” (BAs) to assess their potential contribution to resilience in agricultural systems, focusing on benefits that can improve multi‐functionality regarding private and public goods. It is based on Meuwissen et al.'s framework to assess the resilience of farming systems. Drawing on literature and expert knowledge, this indicator framework is adapted to develop a new framework which is then applied to seven contrasting BAs (miscanthus, perennial flowering wild plant mixtures, permanent grassland, nutrient recycling, agrivoltaics, urban agriculture, and microalgae). The major outcomes are: 1) the extended indicator framework can help evaluate BAs for their potential to foster resilience in future agricultural systems, 2) all BAs are characterized by their ability to provide multiple private and public goods simultaneously, 3) the strongest contribution of BAs to public goods is their function in maintaining the good condition of natural resources and resource‐use efficiency, 4) all BAs can enhance resilience in agricultural systems by contributing diversity, multifunctionality, environmental sustainability, and autonomy, 5) the mitigation of potential drawbacks of BAs implementation requires ex‐ante assessment, favorable BAs combinations, and stakeholder involvement, 6) context‐specific analysis of each BAs is required to assess their qualitative and quantitative contribution to resilience.
The prognostic value of blood cellular indices in pulmonary embolism
Authors: Siddiqui Fakiha , Tafur Alfonso , Hussain Mushtaq , García‐Ortega Alberto , Darki Amir , Fareed Jawed , Jiménez David , Bikdeli Behnood , Galeano‐Valle Francisco , Fernández‐Reyes José Luis , Pérez‐Pinar Montserrat , Monreal Manuel ,   the RIETE Investigators
Published: May 2024

Prognostication in acute pulmonary embolism (PE) requires reliable markers. While cellular indices such as neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII) appear promising, their utility in PE prognostication needs further exploration. We utilized data from the RIETE registry and the Loyola University Medical Center (LUMC) to assess the prognostic value of NLR, PLR, and SII in acute PE, using logistic regression models. The primary outcome was 30‐day all‐cause mortality. We compared their prognostic value versus the simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (sPESI) alone. We included 10 085 patients from RIETE and 700 from the LUMC. Thirty‐day mortality rates were 4.6% and 8.3%, respectively. On multivariable analysis, an elevated NLR (>7.0) was associated with increased mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 3.46; 95% CI: 2.60–4.60), outperforming the PLR > 220 (aOR: 2.36; 95% CI: 1.77–3.13), and SII > 1600 (aOR: 2.52; 95% CI: 1.90–3.33). The c‐statistic for NLR in patients with low‐risk PE was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.69–0.86). Respective numbers were 0.66 (95% CI: 0.63–0.69) and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.59–0.76) for intermediate‐risk and high‐risk patients. These findings were mirrored in the LUMC cohort. Among 9810 normotensive patients in RIETE, those scoring 0 points in sPESI and with an NLR ≤ 7.0 (35% of the population) displayed superior sensitivity (97.1%; 95% CI: 95.5–98.7) and negative predictive value (99.7%; 95% CI: 99.5–99.8) than sPESI alone (87.1%; 95% CI: 83.9–90.3, and 98.7%; 95% CI: 98.4–99.1, respectively) for 30‐day mortality. The NLR is a significant prognostic marker for 30‐day mortality in PE patients, especially useful to identify patients with very low‐risk PE.
Antigen Delivery Controlled by an On‐Demand Photorelease
Authors: Löffler Max , Frühschulz Stefan , Rockel Zoe , Pečak Matija , Tampé Robert , Wieneke Ralph
Published: May 2024

To eliminate infected and cancerous cells, antigen processing and presentation play a pivotal role through the recognition of antigenic peptides displayed on Major Histocompatibility Complex class I (MHC I) molecules. Here, we developed a photostimulated antigen release system that enables the temporal inception of antigen flux. Simple and effective photocaging of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐Nef73‐derived epitope, a representative high‐affinity MHC I ligand, was provided by steric hindrance to block the recognition by the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) in the peptide loading complex (PLC). In response to light, a heteronomous release of antigens and subsequent translocation in various scenarios is demonstrated, including a TAP‐related ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporter reconstituted in liposomes and the native PLC in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane of human cells. The photochemically induced ‘burst’ of antigens opens new opportunities for a mechanistic analysis of the antigen translocation machinery and will help to provide insights into antigen processing pathways via an on‐demand, subcellular pulse‐chase release of antigens.
Directional Growth and Density Modulation of Single‐Atom Platinum for Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Liu Xinyang , Zhou Yuxuan , Lin Jingkai , Xiao Xiao , Wang Zhijun , Jia Liangyong , Li Mengyuan , Yang Ke , Fan Jinchen , Yang Weiwei , Li Guisheng
Published: May 2024

Dispersion of single atoms (SAs) in the host is important for optimizing catalytic activity. Herein, we propose a novel strategy to tune oxygen vacancies in CeO2−X directionally anchoring the single atom platinum (PtSA), which is uniformly dispersed on the rGO. The catalyst's performance for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) can be enhanced by controlling different densities of CeO2‐X in rGO. The PtSA performs best optimally densified and loaded on homogeneous and moderately densified CeO2‐X/rGO (PtSA−M−CeO2−X/rGO). It exhibited higher activity in HER with an overpotential of 25 mV at 0.5 M H2SO4 and 33 mV at 1 KOH than that of almost reported electrocatalysts. Furthermore, it exhibited stability for 90 hours at −100 mA cm−2 in 1 KOH and −150 mA cm−2 in 0.5 M H2SO4 conditions, respectively. Through comprehensive experiments and theoretical calculations, the suitable dispersion density of PtSA on the defects of CeO2−X with more active sites gives the potential for practical applications. This research paves the way for developing single‐atom catalysts with exceptional catalytic activity and stability, holding promise in advanced green energy conversion through defects engineering.
Intrinsically Decoupled Coordination Chemistries Enable Quasi‐Eutectic Electrolytes with Fast Kinetics toward Enhanced Zinc‐Ion Capacitors
Authors: Li Jianwen , Lou Yutong , Zhou Shuang , Chen Yining , Zhao Xiaoguang , Azizi Alireza , Lin Shangyong , Fu Liangjie , Han Chao , Su Zhi , Pan Anqiang
Published: May 2024

Eutectic electrolytes show potential beyond conventional low‐concentration electrolytes (LCEs) in zinc (Zn)‐ion capacitors (ZICs) yet suffer from high viscosity and sluggish kinetics. Herein, we originally propose a universal theory of intrinsically decoupling to address these issues, producing a novel electrolyte termed “quasi‐eutectic” electrolyte (quasi‐EE). Joint experimental and theoretical analyses confirm its unique solution coordination structure doped with near‐LCE domains. This enables the quasi‐EE well inherit the advanced properties at deep‐eutectic states while provide facilitated kinetics as well as lower energy barriers via a vehicle/hopping‐hybridized charge transfer mechanism. Consequently, a homogeneous electroplating pattern with much enhanced Sand's time is achieved on the Zn surface, followed by a twofold prolonged service‐life with drastically reduced concentration polarization. More encouragingly, the quasi‐EE also delivers increased capacitance output in ZICs, which is elevated by 12.4 %–144.6 % compared to that before decoupling. Furthermore, the pouch cell with a cathodic mass loading of 36.6 mg cm−2 maintains competitive cycling performances over 600 cycles, far exceeding other Zn‐based counterparts. This work offers fresh insights into eutectic decoupling and beyond.
Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Alstrostine G Utilizing a Catalytic Asymmetric Desymmetrization Strategy
Authors: Zhang Nanping , Wang Cheng , Xu Hailong , Zheng Ming , Jiang Huanfeng , Chen Kai , Ma Zhiqiang
Published: May 2024

A highly effective enantioselective monobenzoylation of 1,3‐diols has been developed for the synthesis of 1,1‐disubstituted tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines. The chemistry has been successfully applied to the asymmetric total synthesis of (+)‐alstrostine G, which also features a cascade Heck/hemiamination reaction enabling facile construction of the pivotal pentacyclic core.
Divergent Synthesis of Sulfur‐Containing Bridged Cyclobutanes by Lewis Acid Catalyzed Formal Cycloadditions of Pyridinium 1,4‐Zwitterionic Thiolates and Bicyclobutanes
Authors: Xiao Yuanjiu , Wu Feng , Tang Lei , Zhang Xu , Wei Mengran , Wang Guoqiang , Feng Jian‐Jun
Published: May 2024

Bridged cyclobutanes and sulfur heterocycles are currently under intense investigation as building blocks for pharmaceutical drug design. Two formal cycloaddition modes involving bicyclobutanes (BCBs) and pyridinium 1,4‐zwitterionic thiolate derivatives were described to rapidly expand the chemical space of sulfur‐containing bridged cyclobutanes. By using Ni(ClO4)2 as the catalyst, an uncommon higher‐order (5+3) cycloaddition of BCBs with quinolinium 1,4‐zwitterionic thiolate was achieved with broad substrate scope under mild reaction conditions. Furthermore, the first Lewis acid‐catalyzed asymmetric polar (5+3) cycloaddition of BCB with pyridazinium 1,4‐zwitterionic thiolate was accomplished. In contrast, pyridinium 1,4‐zwitterionic thiolates undergo an Sc(OTf)3‐catalyzed formal (3+3) reaction with BCBs to generate thia‐norpinene products, which represent the initial instance of synthesizing 2‐thiabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes (thia‐BCHeps) from BCBs. Moreover, we have successfully used this (3+3) protocol to rapidly prepare thia‐BCHeps‐substituted analogues of the bioactive molecule Pitofenone. Density functional theory (DFT) computations imply that kinetic factors govern the (5+3) cycloaddition reaction between BCB and quinolinium 1,4‐zwitterionic thiolate, whereas the (3+3) reaction involving pyridinium 1,4‐zwitterionic thiolates is under thermodynamic control.
‘Feeling Hot’: Exploring the feasibility of nocturnal erection detection through penile temperature measurements
Authors: Torenvlied Hille J. , Trip Evelien , Olthuis Wouter , Segerink Loes I. , Pelger Rob C. M. , Beck Jack J. H.
Published: May 2024

Objectives

The observational ‘Feeling Hot’ study aims to evaluate the feasibility of employing overnight penile temperature measurements for the detection of nocturnal erections, thereby contributing to the advancement and modernization of a non‐invasive diagnostic system for erectile dysfunction.

Subjects/Patients and Methods

In this proof‐of‐concept study, 10 healthy men aged 20–25 were recruited, following the methodology outlined in the ‘Staying Hot’ study by Torenvlied et al. Participants underwent ambulatory overnight penile temperature measurements concurrent with RigiScan recordings. Key outcome measures included baseline and peak penile temperatures during RigiScan‐annotated nocturnal erections. Reference measurements of the thigh temperature were also taken to assess nocturnal temperature variations.

Results

Statistically significant penile temperature increases (p = 0.008, n = 9) were observed during nocturnal erections, with an average elevation of 1.47°C noted during the initial erections. This underscores the practical utility of penile temperature measurements in detecting erection onset. Challenges arose in accurately determining erection duration and subsequent erection onsets due to the persistence of elevated temperatures following initial erections, termed the ‘Staying Hot effect’. Reference thigh temperature measurements aided in addressing this challenge.

Conclusion

Examining overnight penile temperature alongside simultaneous RigiScan recordings has yielded valuable insights into the viability of using the temperature methodology for detecting nocturnal erections. The ‘Feeling Hot’ study findings demonstrate significant penile temperature elevation during nocturnal erections in healthy young men, highlighting the potential of integrating this measurement methodology into the design of a modernized tool for ambulatory erectile dysfunction diagnostics. Further development of an advanced sensor system to comprehensively assess erection duration and quality is essential for enhancing clinical applicability.
Starch‐chitosan blends: A comprehensive review on the preparation, physicochemical properties and applications
Authors: Wan Yusof Wan Roslina , Sabar Sumiyyah , Zailani Mohd Alhafiizh
Published: May 2024

Starch and chitosan, polysaccharides derived from natural sources, have significant potential across various domains. Starch is extracted from starch‐bearing plants, such as potatoes, whereas chitosan is obtained from the exoskeletons of marine animals, fungi and insects. However, the original forms of starch and chitosan have several limitations, such as low solubility and weak mechanical strength. Interestingly, the combined effects of starch and chitosan resulted in the development of starch‐chitosan blends with markedly improved functional properties. These blends demonstrated high tensile strength, improved hydrophilicity and increased adsorption capacity. Furthermore, modification of starch‐chitosan blends by techniques such as crosslinking and incorporation of other functional materials contributes to diverse characteristics and functionalities. This review addresses a crucial gap in the literature by providing an overview and up‐to‐date analysis of starch‐chitosan blends. The preparation methods and functional properties of these blends in various forms, such as films, beads and hydrogels, have been extensively discussed. Emphasis is placed on the versatile applications of these blends in research, development and industries such as pharmaceuticals, wastewater treatment, agriculture and food technology. This review aims to provide an insightful overview of starch‐chitosan blends and stimulate broader interdisciplinary research interests. By providing concluding insights and prospects, this review highlights the potential for further exploration of the impact of starch‐chitosan blends on consumers and the environment.
Association of serum AFP trajectories and hepatocellular carcinoma outcomes after hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy: A longitudinal, multicenter study
Authors: An Chao , Wei Ran , Yao Wang , Han Wenwen , Li Wang , Shi Ge , Wu Peihong
Published: May 2024

Aim

This study aims to investigate α‐fetoprotein (AFP) trajectories for prediction of survival outcomes after hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) treatment in large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

From May 2014 to June 2020, 889 eligible patients with large HCC underwent HAIC were retrospectively enrolled from five hospitals. A latent class growth mixed (LCGM) model was applied to distinguish potential AFP level dynamic changing trajectories. Inverse‐probability‐of‐treatment weighted (IPTW) analyses were performed to eliminate unmeasured confounders through marginal structural models. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were used to determine the overall survival (OS) in patients with large HCC. Performance of these serum markers for survival prediction was compared by areas under receiver operating characteristic analysis with the Delong test.

Results

The median follow‐up time was 23.7 (interquartile range, 3.8–115.3). A total of 1009 patients with large HCC, who underwent HAIC with AFP repeatedly measured 3–10 times, were enrolled in the study. Three distinct trajectories of these serum AFP were identified using the LCGM model: high stable (37.0%; n = 373), low stable (15.7%; n = 159), and sharp‐falling (47.3%; n = 477). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses found that ALBI stage 2–3, BCLC‐C stage and high‐stable AFP trajectories were associated with OS. AFP trajectories yield the optimal predictive performance in all risk factors.

Conclusions

The AFP trajectories based on longitudinal AFP change showed outstanding performance for predicting survival outcomes after HAIC treatment in large HCC, which provide a potential monitoring tool for improving clinical decision‐making.
Screen‐space Streamline Seeding Method for Visualizing Unsteady Flow in Augmented Reality
Authors: Kang Hyunmo , Han JungHyun
Published: May 2024

Streamlines are a popular method of choice in many flow visualization techniques due to their simplicity and intuitiveness. This paper presents a novel streamline seeding method, which is tailored for visualizing unsteady flow in augmented reality (AR). Our method prioritizes visualizing the visible part of the flow field to enhance the flow representation's quality and reduce the computational cost. Being an image‐based method, it evenly samples 2D seeds from the screen space. Then, a ray is fired toward each 2D seed, and the on‐the‐ray point, which has the largest entropy, is selected. It is taken as the 3D seed for a streamline. By advecting such 3D seeds in the velocity field, which is continuously updated in real time, the unsteady flow is visualized more naturally, and the temporal coherence is achieved with no extra efforts. Our method is tested using an AR application for visualizing airflow from a virtual air conditioner. Comparison with the baseline methods shows that our method is suitable for visualizing unsteady flow in AR.
Modulating Heavy Atom Effect in Germylene for Persistent Room Temperature Phosphorescence
Authors: Dai Wen , Yang Xiaoang , Lv Kaiqi , Li Lei , Peng Yanbo , Ma Huili , An Zhongfu
Published: May 2024

Abstract: It is worth but still challenging to develop the low‐valent main group compounds with persistent room temperature phosphorescence (pRTP). Herein, we presented germylene‐based persistent phosphors by introduction of low‐valent Ge center into chromophore. A novel phosphors CzGe and its series of derivatives, namely CzGeS, CzGeSe, CzGeAu, and CzGeCu, were synthesized. Experiments and theoretical calculations reveal that the pRTP behavior were “turn on” due to the heavy atom effect of germylene. More importantly, the low‐valent of oxidation state and structural traits propelled GeCz had a balance between the intersystem crossing and the shortening of lifetime caused by the heavy atoms, resulting the ultralong lifetime of 309 ms and phosphorescent quantum efficiency of 15.84 %, which is remarkable among heavy main group phosphors. This research provides valuable insights to the design of heavy atoms in phosphors and expand the applications of germylene chemistry.
Mausolates: Large‐Cavity Chelates with Potential as Delivery Vehicles in Nuclear Medicine**
Authors: Ackroyd Amanda J. , Gajecki Leah , Gogoulis Athan T. , Smart Jack F. , Oliver Allen G. , McIndoe J. Scott , Berg David J.
Published: May 2024

A new type of diborate clathrochelate (cage) ligand featuring nine inwardly pointing nitrogen donors that form a large, rigid cavity, termed a mausolate, is presented. The cavity size and high denticity make this an attractive delivery vehicle for large radionuclides in nuclear medicine. Metal mausolate complexes are stable to air and water (neutral pH) and display extremely high thermal stability (>400 °C). Lanthanide uptake by the mausolate ligand occurs rapidly in solution at room temperature and once complexed, the lanthanide ions are not displaced by a 250‐fold excess of a competitive lanthanide salt over more than one week.
Evaluating the potential of disaggregated memory systems for HPC applications
Authors: Ding Nan , Maris Pieter , Nam Hai Ah , Groves Taylor , Awan Muaaz Gul , Lindsey LeAnn , Daley Christopher , Selvitopi Oguz , Oliker Leonid , Wright Nicholas , Williams Samuel
Published: May 2024

Disaggregated memory is a promising approach that addresses the limitations of traditional memory architectures by enabling memory to be decoupled from compute nodes and shared across a data center. Cloud platforms have deployed such systems to improve overall system memory utilization, but performance can vary across workloads. High‐performance computing (HPC) is crucial in scientific and engineering applications, where HPC machines also face the issue of underutilized memory. As a result, improving system memory utilization while understanding workload performance is essential for HPC operators. Therefore, learning the potential of a disaggregated memory system before deployment is a critical step. This paper proposes a methodology for exploring the design space of a disaggregated memory system. It incorporates key metrics that affect performance on disaggregated memory systems: memory capacity, local and remote memory access ratio, injection bandwidth, and bisection bandwidth, providing an intuitive approach to guide machine configurations based on technology trends and workload characteristics. We apply our methodology to analyze thirteen diverse workloads, including AI training, data analysis, genomics, protein, fusion, atomic nuclei, and traditional HPC bookends. Our methodology demonstrates the ability to comprehend the potential and pitfalls of a disaggregated memory system and provides motivation for machine configurations. Our results show that eleven of our thirteen applications can leverage injection bandwidth disaggregated memory without affecting performance, while one pays a rack bisection bandwidth penalty and two pay the system‐wide bisection bandwidth penalty. In addition, we also show that intra‐rack memory disaggregation would meet the application's memory requirement and provide enough remote memory bandwidth.
Strain in Hybrid Organic‐Inorganic Metal Halide Perovskites Microstructures by Numerical Simulations
Authors: Manganelli Costanza Lucia , Martín‐García Beatriz , Spirito Davide
Published: May 2024

Hybrid organic‐inorganic metal halide perovskites (HOIPs) are promising materials for optoelectronics applications. Their optical and electrical properties can be controlled by strain engineering, that results from application of local elastic deformation or deposition on pre‐patterned substrates acquiring a conformal 3D shape. Most interesting, their mechanical properties depend on their crystal structure, composition and dimensionality. We explore by numerical simulations the deformation of a selection of HOIPs comprising a broad range of elastic properties. We consider an axial symmetry with the formation of microdomes on flakes. Radial and vertical forces are considered, finding that the radial force is more effective to obtain large deformation. Large vertical displacement and strain is obtained for HOIPs with low stiffness. The layered nature of HOIPs, that are formed by inorganic layers of different thickness and organic spacers, is also investigated, revealing a non‐monotonous trend with the proportion of inorganic to organic part.
Phthalazine as a Diene in Diels–Alder Reactions With P‐ and As‐Containing Anionic Dienophiles: Comparison of Possible Reaction Channels
Authors: Horváth Ádám , Benkő Zoltán
Published: May 2024

Phthalazine can behave as a diene in Diels–Alder (DA) cycloadditions, typically at the pyridazine ring, however, its application is somewhat limited because these reactions usually require harsh conditions or sophisticated catalysts. As an unconventional example, phthalazine was reported to undergo cycloaddition with the [PCO]− anion without any catalyst. In this computational study, we scrutinise the mechanism of the DA reactions between phthalazine and the so far known [ECX]− (E: P, As; X: O, S, Se) anions as dienophiles. In principle, the attack of an [ECX]− anion may occur at two different sites of phthalazine, either at the benzene or the pyridazine ring, and both of these possible reaction channels were juxtaposed on the basis of energetic aspects. In all of the investigated cases, the analysis of the energy profiles reveals a clear regioselectivity that favours the attack at the pyridazine ring. As a result, so far unprecedented 2‐pnictanaphth‐3‐olate analogues seem achievable as final products. Comparing the characteristics of these pathways allowed us to clarify the source of this regioselectivity: The pyridazine ring of phthalazine exhibits lower aromaticity than the benzene subring; therefore, in the DA step, the former ring shows a higher affinity toward a dienophile than the latter, leading to lower activation barriers. To further map the electronic and structural features of the cycloaddition steps, the local interactions evolving in the transition states were analysed and compared using global and local descriptors. In most aspects, the characteristics of both pathways were found to be rather similar, in contrast to the markedly differing activation barriers on the two routes.
Chemical Doping and O‐Functionalization of Carbon‐Based Electrode to Improve Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Liao Huanxi , Gao Yu , Wang Lijing , Cheng Shuyu , Liu Dezheng , Du Hongfang , Lin Liangxu
Published: May 2024

The vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) holds promise for large‐scale energy storage applications, despite its lower energy and power densities compared to advanced secondary batteries available today. Carbon materials are considered suitable catalyst electrodes for improving many aspects of the VRFB. However, pristine graphite structures in carbon materials are catalytically inert and require modification to activate their catalytic activity. Among the various strategies developed so far, O‐functionalization and chemical doping of carbon materials are considered some of the most promising pathways to regulate their electronic structures. Building on the catalytic mechanisms involved in the VRFB, this concise review discusses recent advancements in the O‐functionalization and chemical doping of carbon materials. Furthermore, it explores how these materials can be tailored and highlights future directions for developing more promising VRFBs to guide future research.
Selective Degradation of Technically Relevant Lignin to Vanillic Acid and Protocatechuic Acid
Authors: Moeller Finn , Klein Jana , Waldvogel Siegfried R.
Published: May 2024

A new and practical method for the thermal degradation of technically relevant bio‐based lignin is presented. By heating a solution of lignin in highly concentrated caustic potash, vanillic acid is almost exclusively obtained in yields up to 10.6 wt %. By altering the reaction parameters, the selectivity of the reaction can be shifted towards the demethylation product, protocatechuic acid, which is obtained in a yield of 6.9 wt %. Furthermore, the procedure was applicable to different types of Kraft and organosolv lignin. To create an economically feasible process, ion exchange resins were used for the work‐up of the highly caustic reaction media without neutralizing the complete mixture. By the selective removal of the desired vanillic acid from the caustic potash, this alkaline media could directly be reused for at least 5 further lignin degradations without significant loss of yield.
Potential planting regions of Pterocarpus santalinus (Fabaceae) under current and future climate in China based on MaxEnt modeling
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Feng , Nizamani Mir Muhammad , Jiang Chao , Fang Fa‐Zhi , Zhao Kun‐Kun
Published: May 2024

This study modeled the habitat distribution of Pterocarpus santalinus, a valuable rosewood species, across China under current and future climate scenarios (SSPs126, SSPs245, and SSPs585) using MaxEnt. Our findings reveal that the current suitable habitat, spanning approximately 409,600 km2, is primarily located in the central and southern parts of Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, and Yunnan, as well as in the Hainan provinces, along with the coastal regions of Taiwan, and the Sichuan–Chongqing border. The habitat's distribution is significantly influenced by climatic factors such as temperature seasonality (bio4), mean temperature of the wettest quarter (bio8), annual mean temperature (bio1), and annual precipitation (bio12), while terrain and soil factors play a lesser role. Under future climate scenarios, the suitable habitat for P. santalinus is projected to expand, with a northeastward shift in its distribution center. This research not only sheds light on the geoecological characteristics and geographical distribution of P. santalinus in China but also offers a scientific basis for planning its cultivation areas and enhancing cultivation efficiency under changing climate conditions.
Dublin Hareport: The movement ecology and airfield interactions of resident, airside hares, at an international airport
Authors: Ball Samantha , Caravaggi Anthony , Keogh Gerry , Butler Fidelma
Published: May 2024

Understanding how animals move and use space within an environment is vital for the development and implementation of effective management actions. Within airfield environments, animal movement can present a substantial risk to aircraft, resulting in wildlife‐aircraft collisions (strikes) if animals enter into the manoeuvring areas of the airfield, namely the runways, taxiways and areas that connect the two (hereafter collectively referred to as ‘tarmacked areas’). However, reliable ecological data to inform management decisions can be difficult to obtain in such environments, due to access restrictions. Here, we present the first GPS data describing the movement ecology and spatial use of mammals on an airfield – Irish hare (Lepus timidus hibernicus), at Dublin International Airport – through the deployment of five GPS collars. A total of 4571 tarmacked area interactions were recorded between December 2021 and August 2022, with all five hares engaging with tarmacked areas. Between December and August, the highest number of interactions were recorded for the month of April (n = 1073), followed by March (n = 703). There was a mean of 4.3 (range: 0–65) interactions with tarmacked areas, per hare, per day throughout the study period. Hares most frequently engaged with tarmacked areas between 05:00 and 07:59, with some seasonal variation. The greatest cumulative distance moved per month was observed in May (505 km) and April (503 km). We identified that the average home range size of collared hares was 2.8 km2 (±SD 0.1 km2), based on 95% Kernel Utilisation Distribution. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the hares incorporate tarmacked area habitat types into their home ranges with up to 13% of one individual's movements incorporating these areas. Our study demonstrates the suitability of GPS tracking devices for studying the movement ecology of high‐risk mammal species at airfields in order to inform airside management practices.
A study on the reasonable width of narrow coal pillars in the section of hard primary roof hewing along the air excavation roadway
Authors: Meng Wang , Xin Li , Jinshuai Su , Weiwei Liu , Zhongzheng Fang , Shuai Wang , Jiaxu Kang , Wenguang Yu
Published: May 2024

Aiming at the reasonable width of the narrow coal pillar of a fully mechanized caving face and the safety support of roadway, taking the coal pillar in the section between 110503 and 110505 face of the Yushuling Coal mine as the research background, a model of the hard basic roof fracture structure of fully mechanized caving face is established through theoretical analysis, and the roadway with narrow coal pillar is analyzed mechanically. Combined with the geological conditions of the working face, it is concluded that the low‐stress area is less than 3.29 m. When the internal stress field of the low‐stress environment is considered in the roadway layout, the influence of mining and the essential roof hardness should be considered. The reasonable size of the narrow coal pillar is 3 ~ 6 m, thinking that the load borne by the coal pillar is less than the ultimate strength of the coal pillar. The limit equilibrium theory calculates that the reasonable width of a coal pillar is at least 4 m. The stress and displacement of coal pillars with different widths of 3, 4, 5 and 6 m are analyzed by numerical simulation, and the 4 m narrow coal pillars are simulated and verified. Field industrial tests show that coal pillar and roadway surrounding rock deformation are small under asymmetric surrounding rock control. The research results have been successfully applied to engineering practice and can provide a reference for the research method of narrow coal pillar width under a hard basic roof.
Forecasting Bitcoin returns: Econometric time series analysis vs. machine learning
Authors: Berger Theo , Koubová Jana
Published: May 2024

We study the statistical properties of the Bitcoin return series and provide a thorough forecasting exercise. Also, we calibrate state‐of‐the‐art machine learning techniques and compare the results with econometric time series models. The empirical assessment provides evidence that the application of machine learning techniques outperforms econometric benchmarks in terms of forecasting precision for both in‐ and out‐of‐sample forecasts. We find that both deep learning architectures as well as complex layers, such as LSTM, do not increase the precision of daily forecasts. Specifically, a simple recurrent neural network describes a sensible choice for forecasting daily return series.
Evaluation of vitamin D deficiency and low bone mass in children with asthma in fars province: A case‐control study
Authors: Alyasin Soheila , Sadeghi Fateme S. , Saki Forough , Dabaghmanesh Mohamadhosein
Published: May 2024

Background and Aims

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory pulmonary disease which affects 10%–20% of children and adolescents. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) is one of its most effective therapies. The effect of systemic corticosteroids on decreasing bone mineral density (BMD) was investigated and proved in children; however, the influence of ICSs on bone density has still remained unclear. This study evaluates the bone mineral density of children and adolescents with asthma in southern Iran and the associated factors, for example, amount of used inhaled steroid.

Method

This case‐control study enrolled 41 children and adolescents (aged 8–18 years) with asthma and their age and gender‐matched controls in 2019–2020. Serum Calcium, phosphate, vitamin D, and bone mineral density were measured. Their physical activity, sun exposure, and fracture history were evaluated subjectively.

Results

Lumbar BMD and BMD Z‐score in patients showed no significant difference with controls (p = 0.23, p = 0.73). Also, it showed that there was no significant difference in biochemical studies, growth, and bone densitometry parameters between patients who used ICSs for less than 3 months/year corticosteroid therapy compared to those with equal or more than 3 months/year usage. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 28% and 8% in the controls and patients, respectively (p = 0.005).

Conclusion

The present study showed that 9.46% of children and adolescents with asthma had low bone mass for chronological age, and it is not significantly higher than normal population. Dosage of inhaled steroid did not associate with osteoporosis in these patients. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients was lower than normal population, probably due to receiving vitamin D in their routine follow‐ups.
UBE2T mediates SORBS3 ubiquitination to enhance IL‐6/STAT3 signaling and promote lung adenocarcinoma progression
Authors: Pu Jiangtao , Wang Biao , Zhang Dengguo , Wang Kaiqiang , Yang Ze , Zhu Peiquan , Song Qi
Published: May 2024

UBE2T is an oncogene in varying tumors, including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). SORBS3 is an important signaling regulatory protein that plays a crucial role in many cancers. This study aimed to investigate whether UBE2T promoted LUAD development by mediating the ubiquitination of SORBS3 and further explore its mechanism. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to examine the expression of SORBS3 in LUAD tissues. Cell Counting Kit‐8, Transwell, and flow cytometry were employed to analyze the cellular functions of SORBS3. Co‐immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination analysis were employed to observe the correlation between UBE2T and SORBS3. In vitro and in vivo experiments verified the role of UBE2T in mediating SORBS3 ubiquitination to enhance interleukin‐6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (IL‐6/STAT3) signaling and promote LUAD development. We observed significant downregulation of SORBS3 in LUAD tissues and cells. Furthermore, SORBS3 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of LUAD cells, while facilitating apoptosis in vitro. UBE2T enhanced IL‐6/STAT3 signaling by mediating ubiquitination and degradation of SORBS3, thereby promoting LUAD progression. Additionally, this mechanism was further validated in the xenograft animal model in vivo. This study confirmed that UBE2T‐mediated SORBS3 ubiquitination enhanced IL‐6/STAT3 signaling and promoted LUAD progression, providing a novel therapeutic target for LUAD.