bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Особливості планування тренувальних навантажень у мікро- та мезоциклах підготовки спортсменок високої кваліфікації, які спеціалізуються у дзюдо
Authors: Шахліна Л. Я.-Г. , Чистякова М. О.
Published: November 2021

Мета. Обґрунтування особливостей планування тренувальних навантажень у мікрота мезоциклах підготовки спортсменок високої кваліфікації, які спеціалізуються у дзюдо. Методи. Аналіз і узагальнення наукової літератури. Результати. У зв’язку зі встановленими змінами прояву спеціальної роботоздатності, функціональних можливостей та психофізіологічних особливостей спортсменок високої кваліфікації, які спеціалізуються у дзюдо, залежно від їхнього гормонального статусу, запропоновано таку побудову базового мезоциклу: I мікроцикл (втягуючий) спрямовано на розвиток витривалості під час роботи аеробного характеру; II мікроцикл (ударний) – на розвиток спеціальної витривалості; III мікроцикл (відновлювальний) – на відновлення фізичного і психічного стану спортсменок; IV мікроцикл (ударний) – на розвиток швидкісних можливостей, витривалості під час роботи анаеробного характеру; V (відновлювальний) – забезпечення оптимальних умов для перебігу відновних і адаптаційних процесів в організмі спортсменок. Висновки.  Визначено п’ять варіантів побудови мікроциклів, які різняться співвідношенням видів підготовки, спрямованістю тренувальних занять, величиною та інтенсивністю навантаження, засобами тренувального процесу відповідно до змін функціонального стану та спеціальної роботоздатності спортсменок у різні фази менструального циклу.
Ризик розвитку остеоартрозу у хворих на ожиріння: мета-аналіз джерел літератури
Authors: Клецкова О. М. , Кравчук Л. Д. , Жарова І. О. , Гусєв П. Є.
Published: November 2021

За останні 30 років у всьому світі кількість хворих на ожиріння зросла більш ніж удвічі. До змін в опорно-руховому апараті, що спричинені ожирінням, слід віднести дегенеративні та запальні ураження, і найчастіше це – остеоартроз. Остеоартроз впливає на всі аспекти життя через біль і обмеження рухливості, тому проблема лікування таких пацієнтів залишається актуальною.  Методи. Аналіз літературних джерел відносно впливу ожиріння на розвиток остеоартрозу на основі змін рівня клінічних та інструментально-діагностичних аспектів.  Результати. Остеартроз є не просто хворобою старіння суглобів, а скоріше він спричинений процесом метаболічних порушень, при якому різні ліпідні, метаболічні та гуморальні медіатори запалення сприяють ініціації і прогресуванню процесу захворювання. Пацієнти з ожирінням та остеоартрозом, які втрачають вагу, можуть спостерігати зменшення симптомів остеоартрозу. Автори зазначають, що втрата ваги у таких пацієнтів пов’язана зі зменшенням таких запальних чинників, як C-реактивний білок (CRP), фактор некрозу пухлини (TNF) і інтерлейкін-6 (IL-6), які були пов’язані з порушенням фізичної функції.
Амінокислоти, амінокислотні суміші, що використовуються в практиці спорту вищих досягнень (переваги та недоліки)
Authors: Л. М. Путро  , Д. Н. Котко  , Н. Л. Гончарук
Published: November 2021

Мета. Розглянути та дати теоретичний аналіз певних амінокислот, а також амінокислотних сумішей, що використовуються в практиці спорту вищих досягнень, оцінити їх переваги та недоліки. Методи. Аналіз і узагальнення даних спеціальної науково-методичної літератури з даної теми. Висновки. Результати аналізу спеціальної науково-методичної літератури засвідчують, що амінокислоти, амінокислотні суміші та протеїнові продукти мають свої певні переваги та недоліки. Враховуючи те що самі по собі амінокислотні суміші коштують надзвичайно дорого, було б марнотратством замінити ними повноцінні харчові джерела білків. Спортивні дієтологи пропонують підбирати амінокислотні суміші, так щоб вони могли доповнювати добові раціони харчування спортсменів та забезпечувати високу спортивну працездатність, не впливаючи негативно на стан здоров’я спортсмена.
Принципи створення та визначення ефективності системи заходів для подолання реабілітаційного нон-комплаєнсу пацієнтів з ожирінням
Authors: Аравіцька М. Г. , Лазарєва О. Б.
Published: November 2021

Мета. Визначити теоретичні передумови низького комплаєнсу (схильність до програми) у пацієнтів з ожирінням, сформувати шляхи його діагностики та створення системи подолання нон-комплаєнсу (небажання діяти за програмою) у процесі тривалої реабілітації з метою зниження маси тіла, провести практичне визначення її ефективності. Методи. Для визначення величини реабілітаційного комплаєнсу та можливих шляхів його покращення за розробленою анкетою проведено розпитування 288 осіб другого зрілого віку з аліментарно-екзогенним ожирінням I–III ступеня. Після цього проведено мотиваційно-ознайомчі лекції і здійснено повторне тестування, за результатами якого пацієнтів поділили на групи з високим комплаєнсом (для проведення реабілітаційних заходів для зменшення маси тіла та підтримки досягнутого рівня комплаєнсу) та з низьким комплаєнсом (група порівняння). Після річного впровадження реабілітаційної програми повторно визначали рівень комплаєнсу. Результати. Під час початкового опитування виявлено недостатній рівень комплаєнсу у більшості хворих ожирінням. Причинами цього найчастіше є тривалий безсимптомний перебіг хвороби, дискомфортні відчуття на початкових етапах дієтотерапії голод, втома, слабке розуміння наслідків ожиріння, можливість додаткового фінансового навантаження. Методи корекції нон-комплаєнсу на всіх етапах корекції маси тіла доцільно проводити такими шляхами: освітні проекти, вплив на поведінку пацієнта; моніторинг комплаєнсу; індивідуальна адаптація програми реабілітації. На фоні застосування програми реабілітації із використанням заходів для утримання комплаєнсу на високому рівні досягнуто статистично значущого покращення індексу маси тіла. Висновок. До програм фізичної терапії хворих з ожирінням з метою підвищення їх ефективності доцільно включати заходи для зменшення реабілітаційного нон-комплаєнсу. Це призводить до збільшення відповідальності пацієнта та ступеня дотримання наданих рекомендацій, посилює самоконтроль, що особливо актуально в умовах тривалого зменшення маси тіла та пожиттєвого її утримання.
Есенціальний мікроелемент селен (Se) та його роль у метаболізмі спортсменів під час виконання інтенсивних фізичних навантажень (огляд спеціальної літератури)
Authors: Путро Людмила , Котко Діна , Гончарук Наталія
Published: November 2021

Резюме. У зв’язку з поставленою метою проведено системний аналіз вітчизняної та за-рубіжної літератури, яка відображає роль мікроелемента селен у забезпеченні підготовки спортсменів під час виконання інтенсивних фізичних навантажень. Мета. Провести системний аналіз спеціальної літератури, яка відображає роль мікроелемента селен у реалізації мета-болічних процесів в організмі спортсменів під час виконання інтенсивних фізичних наванта-жень. Методи. Аналіз науково-методичної літератури, клінічних і експериментальних дослі-джень. Результати. Аналіз спеціальної науково-методичної літератури (зарубіжні та вітчизняні джерела) свідчить про високий ризик дисбалансу есенціального мікроелемента селен, що обумовлює необхідність корекції його обміну в організмі спортсмена. Корекція балансу селе-ну в організмі передовсім повинна проводитися безпосередньо під час складання харчових раціонів спортсмена, а вживання селенових препаратів слід проводити на основі відповідного оцінювання забезпеченості організму цим елементом та іншими есенціальними мікроелемен-тами.Ключові слова: есенціальний, мікроелемент селен, метаболізм, спортсмени.
СТАН МИТНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ УКРАЇНИ ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЇЇ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ В УМОВАХ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЙНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ
Authors: Голинський Юрій , Віхоть Оксана
Published: November 2021

У науковій статті розглянуто та проаналізовано сучасний стан забезпечення митної безпеки України. Визначено основні індикатори митної безпеки, що характеризують фіскальні та регулюючі інструменти митного регулювання в Україні та оцінено частку митних доходів у податкових надходженнях та загальних надходженнях Державного бюджету України. У роботі досліджено коефіцієнт покриття експорту імпортом. Визначено етапи реалізації митної безпеки в Україні та оцінено результати роботи митних органів у напрямі забезпечення надходжень митних платежів до Державного бюджету України. Проаналізовано динаміку справляння фіскальнозначущих митних платежів в Україні. Досліджено динаміку зовнішнього державного боргу та контрабанди товарів через митний кордон України та встановлено взаємозв’язок між ними. На основі отриманих результатів дослідження зроблені висновки.
ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL REGULATION OF INTERACTION OF SUBJECTS AGAINST SOCIAL ORPHANIA
Authors: Ткаченко Н. М.
Published: November 2021

The relevance of the article is that effective work on the protection of children and adolescents requires coordinated cooperation between the executive authorities, public institutions of education, health, social protection, as well as public organizations working to prevent negative phenomena in adolescence. Today, the issue of improving the efficiency of central and local executive bodies, guardianship and care bodies aimed at prevention of social orphanhood, development of comprehensive social services for children deprived of parental care and families with children in difficult life circumstances remains relevant, introduction of new technologies of social work with such children and families. The mechanism of interaction of executive bodies with public organizations engaged in the field of protection of children's rights is insufficiently effective. The purpose of the article is to, based on the analysis of the achievements of legal science, the provisions of domestic law and law enforcement practice, to identify and investigate problematic issues regarding the administrative and legal regulation of the interaction of the subjects of combating social orphanhood. The article outlines the problematic issues and features of the administrative and legal regulation of the interaction of the subjects of combating social orphanhood. The system of measures for child protection in Ukraine is determined; the order of interaction of the subjects of the system of social services; interaction of entities implementing measures in the field of prevention and counteraction to domestic violence; social prevention measures in the family, children and youth environment; basic principles of state policy on social protection of orphans and children deprived of parental care, as well as persons from among them; the order of registration of children who are in difficult life circumstances. It is concluded that despite significant successes on the part of the state in the face of authorized executive bodies and local governments to prevent and combat social orphanhood, it should be emphasized that the state social policy, the implementation of which largely depends on the interaction of these bodies, should be aimed at strengthening the social protection of families in the context of socio-economic transformation of Ukrainian society.
PROCEDURE FOR EMERGENCY RELATIONS WITH THE HEAD OF THE ENTERPRISE OF THE INSTITUTION OR ORGANIZATION
Authors: Андрєєнков О. Є.
Published: November 2021

The relevance of the article is that newer forms of employee representation and participation add an additional dimension to the picture of labor relations in some countries. The system of labor relations establishes formal or informal basic rules for determining the nature of collective industrial relations, as well as the framework of individual labor relations between the employee and his employer. Complicating the situation at the end of management is additional players, such as temporary employment agencies, contractors and contractors, who may be accountable to employees without control over the physical environment in which the work is performed or the ability to conduct safety training. In addition, public and private sector employers in most countries are governed by separate legislation, and the rights and protections of workers in the two sectors often differ significantly. Moreover, the private sector is affected by international competition forces that do not directly affect public sector labor relations. The author explores approaches to understanding the concept of manager as a subject of organizational and managerial relations in labor law. It is established that the peculiarity of the emergence of legal relations with the head of the enterprise, institution or organization is that their emergence is based on a complex legal structure consisting of several legal facts. It is established that the head is endowed with limits of responsibility and also clear limits of action. It is concluded that in the framework of professional activity the head of the organization, enterprise or institution performs various generalized labor functions that have a very diverse nature, results and working conditions. In a particular organization, enterprise or institution, the head faces different tasks, which allows us to talk about the existence of a process of continuous improvement of its labor function, because there is a high organizational independence. However, in the performance of the job function, the manager should not expand the limits of his competence, as another feature is the increased limits of his responsibility.
CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR THE MULTIPLICITY OF INTENTIONAL MURDERS IN AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCES BY "CORRECTION ON PUNISHMENT CRIMINAL AND CORRECTION" IN 1845
Authors: Василенко М. О.
Published: November 2021

The article deals with the provisions of "Correction of Criminal and Corrective" in 1845, which envisaged criminal liability for the multiplicity of intentional murders in aggravating circumstances. It is proved that in the "Criminal and Correctional Penal Code" of 1845 for the first time provided for three main forms of multiplicity of crimes: aggregate, recurrence and recidivism. It is established that in contrast to the "Code of Laws of the Russian Empire" of 1832, the new law on criminal liability of 1845 developed a much more perfect model of sentencing the perpetrator, which recorded a number of crimes, because now the legislator established clear rules under which the guilty in the commission of crimes (including premeditated murders) was subject to the maximum penalty provided by the sanction of the relevant article of the Special Part of the Code of 1845. Moreover, on the basis of Art. 136 of the Code of 1845, the court could increase by one or more degrees of punishment, or even replace it with a more severe form. It is determined that in many cases correctional punishments can only be formally considered as milder than criminal ones, because their list includes corporal punishment, exile, etc., which in modern realities are considered not only as harsh measures of state coercion, but also contradictory. principles of criminal law barbaric ways of influencing a person's behavior, aimed at causing the latter physical and psychological suffering. We are convinced that such punishments did not contribute to the correction and re-socialization of convicts, but rather their further associative or even physical destruction. It is concluded that in the Code of 1845 there were a number of rules that revealed the concept and forms of multiplicity of crimes (this document provided for all three forms of multiplicity). In addition, this document enshrined a number of qualified premeditated murders, for which corporal punishment, life or long-term hard labor, etc. were provided. Establishing the fact of multiplicity of premeditated murders significantly affected the type and degree of punishment (the perpetrator was sentenced to the most severe type and measure of punishment provided by the relevant sanction of the Special Part of the Code of 1845, or even the most severe type of punishment, which was not directly provided by the death penalty). bark).
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION INDEPENDENCE OF JUDGES IN UKRAINE
Authors: Ріхтер В. В.
Published: November 2021

The Constitution of Ukraine contains mandatory requirements that a person applying for the position of a judge must meet. Given that the judiciary is the judiciary, whose activities are related to the restoration of violated rights, these functions can be performed only by persons who meet all the requirements established by the Basic Law and regulations governing the social status of judges in Ukraine. However, recalling the requirements for judges, the principle of ensuring the independence of judges in Ukraine should also be disclosed. The purpose of the article is to reveal the public administration of ensuring the independence of judges in Ukraine on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of regulatory frameworks, conceptual ideas and scientific positions. The article stipulates that in order to properly ensure the independence of judges it is necessary to carry out effective, optimal, comprehensive public administration, which by its nature in this area is to exercise power and organizational and support activities of public administration in a special way to protect legal status, immunity and professional interests of a judge, which constitute his independence in legal relations. It was found that the independence of a judge is a special, intra-judicial state of protection and independence of a judge, which is regulated by law and consists in determining the legal status of a judge regarding his professional immunity and immutability, creating conditions for ensuring a judge's professional activity. and other factors that may adversely affect professional activity. It was emphasized that the state of the domestic judicial system, in particular the observance of the principle of independence of judges, has long passed into the category of problems that are of particular concern to Ukrainian society. No one doubts the need to rectify this problematic situation, but all the measures taken, including the implementation of the relevant tasks of judicial reform, have not yet had a significant impact on ensuring the real independence of judges.
STARC-SUD – Adaptation of a transdiagnostic intervention for refugees with substance use disorders
Authors: Lotzin Annett , Lindert Jutta , Koch Theresa , Liedl Alexandra , Schäfer Ingo
Published: November 2021

Background

Refugees often suffer from multiple mental health problems, which transdiagnostic interventions can address. STARC (Skills-Training of Affect Regulation – A Culture-sensitive Approach) is a culturally sensitive transdiagnostic group intervention that has been developed for refugees to improve affect regulation. In refugees with substance use disorders (SUD), the consideration of SUD-specific elements might improve the acceptance and effectiveness of such an intervention. We aimed to adapt the STARC program for refugees with SUD in a culturally sensitive way.

Method

The conceptual framework of Heim and Kohrt (2019) was used to culturally sensitively adapt the STARC program to the needs of Syrian refugees with SUD. The results of five focus group discussions with refugees on cultural concepts of SUD and their treatment informed the adaption. An expert group suggested adaptions and decided by consensus on their implementation. Two pilot groups were conducted with the adapted STARC-SUD program. Interviews with the therapists of these pilot groups informed further adaption.

Results

The concepts related to SUD identified in focus groups and therapists’ interviews that differed from Western concepts were integrated into the STARC intervention.

Discussion

Further studies should assess the acceptance and effectiveness of the culturally sensitive STARC-SUD program for refugees with SUD.
Traditional Ecological Knowledge
Authors: Casi Corinna , Guttorm Hanna Ellen , Virtanen Pirjo Kristiina
Published: November 2021

This chapter argues that the concept of Traditional Ecological Knowlegde means more than the accumulated environmental knowledge and comprehension of natural phenomena. Rather, it is constituted by a set of evolving beliefs and practices that understands its own dynamic relationship with other beings in the environment. The examples of Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) illustrated in this chapter include Apurinã and Manchineri communities in Brazilian Amazonia, and Sámi communities in the Arctic.
Scales
Authors: Minoia Paola , Mölkänen Jenni
Published: November 2021

This chapter rethinks scales as an opportunity for sustainability studies to engage with decolonial strategies that stand against the confinement of Southern studies as local knowledge, compared to the Western knowledge that is seen as universal. Examples of plurinational ‘scale-jumping’ in Ecuador and kinship networks in Northeast Madagascar redefine the ordering of scales to redress complicated histories of ecological and social colonization.
Eco-anxiety
Authors: Pihkala Panu
Published: November 2021

This chapter addresses the rise of eco-anxiety, which manifests not only in popular individual and group psychologies, but also impacts the work of professional researchers who live on a daily basis with a knowledge of the unsustainable present. While this creates guilt, worry, and anger, the author counterposes a hope for a ‘practical anxiety’, which might create a bridge between professionals and the public.
Vahva demokratia ja kotiopetus
Authors: Hartman Joanna , Huttunen Rauno
Published: November 2021

Perusopetuksen yhtenä tehtävänä on kasvattaa lapsista ja nuorista demokraattisen yhteiskunnan arvojen ja normien mukaisia osallistuvia toimijoita. Kaikki lapset eivät kuitenkaan osallistu kunnan järjestämään perusopetukseen vaan suorittavat oppivelvollisuuttaan kotiopetuksessa. Kotiopetuskritiikki kohdistuu erityisesti lasten sosiaalisten taitojen kehittymiseen, mitä pidetään aktiivisen toimijuuden ja osallisuuden välttämättömänä edellytyksenä demokraattisessa yhteiskunnassa. Vahva demokratia mahdollistaa uusia tapoja ajatella ja harjoittaa demokratiaa, mutta demokratiaa vahvassa mielessä ei opeteta kouluissamme. Tässä artikkelissa selvennämme kotiopetuksen käsitettä ja käytäntöjä Suomessa sekä tarkastelemme kotiopetukseen kohdistuvaa kritiikkiä. Pohdimme, muodostaako kotiopetus uhan demokratialle kuten kotiopetuksen kritiikissä väitetään vai voiko kotiopetusta pitää demokratiaa edistävänä toimintana. Vaikka koulu on merkittävin demokratiakasvatuksen konteksti, tulee kotiopetus säilymään pienempänä muttei lainkaan vähäisenä demokratiakasvatuksen kontekstina.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin İletişim Becerileri: Sporcular ve Sedanterler
Authors: Baydar Arıcan Hacer Özge
Published: November 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı Gazi Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesinde öğrenim gören aktif spor yapan öğrencilerle sedanter öğrencilerin iletişim becerilerinin karşılaştırılmasıdır. Tarama modelinde tasarlanan araştırmanın çalışma grubu Gazi Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesinde öğrenim gören ve erişilebilir örneklem yöntemiyle seçilen 84’ü sporcu 118’i sedanter toplam 202 öğrenciden oluşmuştur. Araştırma verileri, kişisel bilgi formuna ek Ersanlı ve Balcı (1998) tarafından geliştirilen zihinsel, duygusal ve davranışsal olarak 3 alt boyuttan bir araya gelen 5’li likert tipte 45 maddelik “İletişim Becerileri Envanteri” kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde SPSS 25.0 yazılımından faydalanılmıştır. Katılımcılara ait demografik bilgilerin dağılımı frekans analizi ile incelenmiştir. İletişim becerileri ölçeği alt boyutları her bir katılımcı için hesaplandı ve verilerin normal dağılımı sağlama durumu Kolmogorov Smirnov testi ile incelenerek normal dağılıma uygun olduğu görülmüştür. İletişim Becerileri Ölçeği alt boyutlarının yaş gruplarına göre anlamlı farklılık gösterip göstermediği tek yönlü varyans analizi ile cinsiyet ve sporcu/sedanter gruplarına göre anlamlı düzeyde farklılık gösterme durumu bağımsız gruplarda t testiyle analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları zihinsel, duygusal ve davranışsal iletişim becerileri düzeyleri yaş aralıklarına göre anlamlı farklılık göstermektedir (p<0,05). Duygusal iletişim becerileri alt boyutu cinsiyete göre anlamlı düzeyde farklılık gösterirken (p<0,05), zihinsel ve davranışsal iletişim becerileri cinsiyete göre anlamlı farklılık ifade etmektedir. Sporcuların zihinsel ve davranışsal iletişim becerileri puanları sedanterlerden anlamlı derecede yüksek iken, sedanterlerin duygusal iletişim becerileri puanları sporculardan anlamlı derecede daha yüksektir.
Analisis dan Evaluasi Website Layanan Jasa Menggunakan Webqual 4.0 dan Metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)
Authors: Widodo Indira Firli , Priyadi Yudi , Riskiana Rosa Reska
Published: November 2021

Website pada internet tidak hanya digunakan untuk memperoleh informasi saja, melainkan dapat digunakan sebagai media untuk melakukan bisnis, oleh karena itu untuk menambah minat pengguna internet dalam mengakses dan membaca isi website, website harus bisa disajikan dengan menarik dan informatif. Pada proses analisis kualitas website terhadap kepuasan pengguna kali ini dilakukan pada website Coredinate Laboratory Indonesia karena setelah dilakukan proses elisitasi dengan metode wawancara ditemukan banyak kekurangan dalam sisi Usability. Usability sendiri dinilai penting untuk mengukur kualitas kelayakan sistem. Analisis kualitas dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor apa saja yang sekiranya dapat meningkatkan kualitas website Cordinatelab sehingga dapat mengukur kepuasan pengguna. Untuk melakukan analisis kepuasan pengguna terhadap kualitas website Coredinatelab, digunakan metode Webqual 4.0 dan Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Dikarenakan Webqual lebih berfokus pada kualitas website dan AHP digunakan untuk menyusun rekomendasi prioritas pada tiap kriteria yang nantinya akan menjadi patokan perbaikan website. Setelah dilakukan perbaikan website, dilakukan penyebaran kuesioner kedua terhadap responden yang sama untuk perbandingan antar website saat ini dan website perbaikan dan didapatkan nilai tertinggi dengan pernyataan “Setuju” pada dimensi Usability, Information Quality, dan Interaction Quality. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pengunjung dinilai puas dengan perbaikan website yang dilakukan.
Pengembangan Sistem Manajemen Naskah Soal dengan Keamanan Pre-Hash Coding
Authors: Adi Prajanto Wahyu , Kusumaningrum Retno
Published: November 2021

Sistem pengelolahan dokumen secara elektronik sudah menjadi salah satu kebutuhan penting dalam institusi pendidikan khususnya dalam pengelolaan naskah soal. Masalah utama dalam pengelolaan naskah elektronik adalah adanya berbagai format yang digunakan serta kekhawatiran terhadap tingkat keamanan akun. Sistem keamanan akun dengan menggunakan password yang sederhana akan mudah diretas sedangkan penggunaan sistem yang kompleks akan mempersulit pengguna. Departemen Informatika Universitas Diponegoro mengembangkan sistem manajemen naskah soal yang mampu menghasilkan format naskah soal sesuai dengan standar tunggal serta memiliki sistem keamanan yang sederhana namun kuat melalui sistem pre-hash coding dengan nilai unik pengguna melalui dua skema. Pengujian pertama yang dilakukan berhasil membuktikan kemampuan sistem dalam menghasilkan naskah soal sesuai dengan standar tunggal. Percobaan kedua dilakukan untuk menguji tingkat keamanan terhadap nilai hash dari sampel password melalui uji brute-force menggunakan sistem Hashcat. Sistem yang diusulkan mampu menggagalkan peretasan sebesar 40% pada karakter alfanumerik pada skema pertama dengan operator bitwise xor sedangkan pada skema kedua dengan operator penjumlahan mampu menggagalkan seluruh peretasan yang dilakukan. Sistem yang diusulkan mampu memenuhi kebutuhan pengguna terhadap password yang sederhana namun kuat.
TOPICAL ISSUES OF ASSESSING RECREATIONAL POTENTIAL OF TERRITORY WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Ushakova Elena O. , Dubrovsky Alexey V. , Menshikh Natalia S.
Published: November 2021

This study is related to the analysis of the features of assessing the recreational potential of the territory within the framework of the concept of sustainable development and identifying factors that affect the recreational potential and investment attractiveness of land for the organization of recreational activities and tourism. The approaches to the assessment of the recreational potential of the territory are systematized, the factors influencing the investment attractiveness of land plots for the construction of recreational facilities are identified. Based on the current trends in the development of recreation and tourism in the Russian Federation, formed during the period of restrictions caused by the coronovirus pandemic in 2020-2021, recommendations are proposed for improving methodological approaches to assessing the recreational potential and its use for territorial planning of municipalities. When conducting the assessment, it is important to take into account not only the natural prerequisites for the development of recreational activities, such as the climate and natural resource potential, but also the needs of the local population for recreation and recreation. The assessment of the recreational potential, conducted in accordance with the principles of sustainable development, expands the possibilities of using the natural resources of local territories for various types of tourism and recreational activities, which in turn can positively affect the sectoral structure of the economy, the level of socio-economic development of the region, meeting the needs of the local population in tourist and recreational services, reducing social tension in society and reducing morbidity among the population, increasing life expectancy.
THE LEVEL AND QUALIFICATION OF EXPERTS CONDUCTING FORENSIC LAND MANAGEMENT EXAMINATIONS
Authors: Fedorinov Alexander V.
Published: November 2021

This article lists the main issues that are solved during judicial land management examinations. Reasons for low qualifications level of some experts who conduct judicial land management expertise are considered. The ways of solving this problem are given.
THE "GARAGE AMNESTY" OF REAL ESTATE
Authors: Ilyinykh Anastasiya L.
Published: November 2021

The presence of a large number of unregistered garages creates social tension among citizens due to the fact that currently, in most cases, it is possible to register their rights only by a court decision. In this regard, a comprehensive solution to this issue has been legally established, which will allow all categories of citizens to use the new mechanism and register the rights to their garages. Considered the features of the «garage amnesty». The set of documents required for registration of ownership rights to a garage and a land plot in a simplified manner is presented.
Влияние качества кадастровой оценки на эффективность управления муниципальными образованиями
Authors: Лосева Екатерина Николаевна , Митрофанова Наталья Олеговна
Published: November 2021

В статье рассмотрено влияние качества кадастровой оценки и собираемости имущественных налогов на управление земельно-имущественным комплексом муниципального образования, актуальные проблемы, связанные с кадастровой оценкой объектов недвижимости, сформулированы предложения по разработке нового инструмента для расчета кадастровой стоимости объектов недвижимости.
Analisis Audit Energi Terhadap Intensitas Konsumsi Energi Listrik Sistem Pencahayaan dan Sistem Penyimpanan Ikan di Cold Storage Kabupaten Malang
Authors: Santoso Asfari Hariz , Hermawan Ahmad , Harianto Sugeng
Published: November 2021

Nowadays energy has a very important role in the life of human civilization. One of the energy that is still widely used and almost cannot be reduced from the community is electrical energy. Energy audit is one of the processes in managing energy use to become more efficient. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential for energy savings that can be carried out optimally and accurately in Cold Storage, Malang Regency. This study uses data collection methods with Web-based Power Quality Meter PM5110 and account data from energy use during the period June 2020 to May 2021. Data retrieval using a Web-based Power Quality Meter PM5110 which is carried out for 24 hours on weekdays, then the total consumption of kWh in one day reached 119,538 kWh, while the total usage of kWh in one month is 3586.14 kWh for the month of June and for the total usage for the period of one year is 43631.37 kWh. Regarding the value of energy consumption kWh in a period of one year, it can be generated by dividing the total energy consumed by the building in one year by the total gross floor area of the building. Based on the results of the IKE calculation in the Cold Storage Building, Malang Regency from the results before the recommendation of 34.91 kWh/m2/year and for the result after the recommendation is 174,841 kWh/m2/year, which is included in the very efficient category according to the ASEAN USAID 1987 standard. For energy saving opportunities in the lighting system and cooling system, it can be done by using energy-efficient lamps and changing the operating pattern in the cooling room.
Studi Penyulang Kandangan Untuk Meningkatkan Kontinuitas Suplai Energi Listrik Ke Pelanggan
Authors: Sukamdi  , Mukti Harrij , Thufail Abdullah , Waluya Edi
Published: November 2021

Indeks keandalan Penyulang Kandangan pada kondisi awal berdasarkan hasil perhitungan SAIFI diperoleh nilai 11,73 kali/tahun dan SAIDI diperoleh nilai 12,76 jam/tahun. Untuk menjaga kualitas sistem tenaga distribusi maka diperlukan suatu rekomendasi solusi untuk meningkatkan kontinuitas suplai energi listrik ke pelanggan di Penyulang Kandangan yaitu dengan menambah pengaman FCO (Fuse Cut Out) dan alternatif manuver jaringan. Sehingga area yang padam dan jumlah pemadaman pelanggan dapat diminimalisir serta meminimalkan nilai energi yang tidak tersalurkan ke pelanggan. Nilai keandalan sistem menurut standar SPLN 59:1985 sebesar SAIDI = 0,83 jam/plg/tahun dan SAIFI = 1,2 kali/plg/tahun. Sedangkan Penyulang Kandangan pada kondisi awal sebesar SAIDI = 12,76 jam/plg/tahun dan SAIFI = 11,73 kali/plg/tahun. Setelah dilakukan scenario rekomendasi solusi, didapatkan penurunan nilai keandalan yang lebih baik yaitu sebesar SAIDI = 6,36 jam/plg/tahun dan SAIFI = 7,63 jam/plg/tahun.
Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Apple Polyphenol Phloretin on Respiratory Pathogens Associated With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Birru Rahel L. , Bein Kiflai , Bondarchuk Natalya , Wells Heather , Lin Qiao , Di Y. Peter , Leikauf George D.
Published: November 2021

Bacterial infections contribute to accelerated progression and severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Apples have been associated with reduced symptoms of COPD and disease development due to their polyphenolic content. We examined if phloretin, an apple polyphenol, could inhibit bacterial growth and inflammation induced by the main pathogens associated with COPD. Phloretin displayed bacteriostatic and anti-biofilm activity against nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and to a lesser extent, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In vitro, phloretin inhibited NTHi adherence to NCI-H292 cells, a respiratory epithelial cell line. Phloretin also exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in COPD pathogen-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and human bronchial epithelial cells derived from normal and COPD diseased lungs. In mice, NTHi bacterial load and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), a neutrophil chemoattractant, was attenuated by a diet supplemented with phloretin. Our data suggests that phloretin is a promising antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory nutraceutical for reducing bacterial-induced injury in COPD.
Ticagrelor vs. Clopidogrel After Complex Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Xi Ziwei , Li Jianan , Qiu Hong , Guo Tingting , Wang Yong , Li Yang , Zheng Jianfeng , Dou Kefei , Xu Bo , Wu Yongjian , Qiao Shubin , Yang Weixian , Yang Yuejin , Gao Runlin
Published: November 2021

Background: Patients undergoing complex percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Whether potent antiplatelet therapy after complex PCI improves outcomes in patients with stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) remains unclear.

Objectives: To assess the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor vs. clopidogrel in patients with SCAD undergoing complex PCI.

Methods: Patients with a diagnosis of SCAD and undergoing PCI during January 2016 to December 2018 were selected from an institutional registry. The primary efficacy endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACE) within 12 months after PCI. The primary safety endpoint was major bleeding.

Results: Among 15,459 patients with SCAD included in this analysis, complex PCI was performed in 6,335 (41.0%) patients. Of patients undergoing complex PCI, 1,123 patients (17.7%) were treated with ticagrelor. The primary efficacy outcome after complex PCI occurred in 8.6% of patients in the ticagrelor group and 11.2% in the clopidogrel group. Compared with clopidogrel, ticagrelor decreased the risk of MACE in patients undergoing complex PCI [adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 0.764; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.615 to 0.949; p = 0.015], but not in non-complex PCI (p for interaction = 0.001). There was no significant difference in incidence of major bleeding between patients treated with ticagrelor and clopidogrel (p = 0.221), while ticagrelor was associated with an increased risk of minor bleeding (adjusted HR: 3.099; 95% CI: 2.049 to 4.687; p < 0.001).

Conclusion: In patients with SCAD and undergoing complex PCI, ticagrelor could substantially reduce the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes without increasing the risk of major bleeding compared with clopidogrel.
Statins and Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Narrative Review
Authors: Jansen-Chaparro Sergio , López-Carmona María D. , Cobos-Palacios Lidia , Sanz-Cánovas Jaime , Bernal-López M. Rosa , Gómez-Huelgas Ricardo
Published: November 2021

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a highly prevalent atherosclerotic condition. In patients with PAD, the presence of intermittent claudication leads to a deterioration in quality of life. In addition, even in asymptomatic cases, patients with PAD are at high risk of cardiac or cerebrovascular events. Treatment of PAD is based on lifestyle modifications; regular exercise; smoking cessation; and control of cardiovascular risk factors, including hypercholesterolemia. A growing number of studies have shown that statins reduce cardiovascular risk and improve symptoms associated with PAD. Current guidelines recommend the use of statins in all patients with PAD in order to decrease cardiovascular events and mortality. However, the prescribing of statins in patients with PAD is lower than in those with coronary heart disease. This review provides relevant information from the literature that supports the use of statins in patients with PAD and shows their potential benefit in decreasing lower limb complications as well as cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
A Paradox in Digital Memory Assessment: Increased Sensitivity With Reduced Difficulty
Authors: White Joshua P. , Schembri Adrian , Edgar Chris J. , Lim Yen Ying , Masters Colin L. , Maruff Paul
Published: November 2021

The One Card Learning Test (OCL80) from the Cogstate Brief Battery—a digital cognitive test used both in-person and remotely in clinical trials and in healthcare contexts to inform health decisions—has shown high sensitivity to changes in memory in early Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, recent studies suggest that OCL sensitivity to memory impairment in symptomatic AD is not as strong as that for other standardized assessments of memory. This study aimed to improve the sensitivity of the OCL80 to AD-related memory impairment by reducing the test difficultly (i.e., OCL48). Experiment 1 showed performance in healthy adults improved on the OCL48 while the pattern separation operations that constrain performance on the OCL80 were retained. Experiment 2 showed repeated administration of the OCL48 at short retest intervals did not induce ceiling or practice effects. Experiment 3 showed that the sensitivity of the OCL48 to AD-related memory impairment (Glass's Δ = 3.11) was much greater than the sensitivity of the OCL80 (Glass's Δ = 1.94). Experiment 4 used data from a large group of cognitively normal older adults to calibrate performance scores between the OCL80 and OCL48 using equipercentile equating. Together these results showed the OCL48 to be a valid and reliable test of learning with greater sensitivity to memory impairment in AD than the OCL80.
Root-To-Shoot Ratios of Flood-Tolerant Perennial Grasses Depend on Harvest and Fertilization Management: Implications for Quantification of Soil Carbon Input
Authors: Nielsen Claudia Kalla , Jørgensen Uffe , Lærke Poul Erik
Published: November 2021

Quantifying soil organic carbon stocks (SOC) is a critical task in decision support related to climate and land management. Carbon inputs in soils are affected by development of belowground (BGB) and aboveground (AGB) biomass. However, uncertain fixed values of root:shoot ratios (R/S) are widely used for calculating SOC inputs in agroecosystems. In this study, we 1) assessed the effect of harvest frequency (zero, one, two, and five times annually) on the root and shoot development of the perennial grasses Phalaris arundinacea (RCG), Festuca arundinacea (TF), and Festulolium (FL); 2) determined the effect of management on the carbon and nitrogen content in AGB and BGB; and 3) assessed the implications of R/S for SOC quantification. We found the highest yields of BGB in zero-cut treatments with 59% (FL)–70% (RCG) of total biomass. AGB yield was highest in the five-cut treatments with 54% (RCG)–60% (FL), resulting in a decreasing R/S with frequent management, ranging from 1.6–2.3 (zero cut) to 0.6–0.8 (five cuts). No differences in R/S between species were observed. Total carbon yield ranged between 5.5 (FL, one cut) and 18.9 t ha−1 year−1 (FL, zero cut), with a higher carbon content in AGB (45%) than BGB (40%). We showed that the input of total organic carbon into soil was highest in the zero-cut treatments, ranging between 6.6 and 7.6 t C ha−1 year−1, although, in the context of agricultural management the two-cut treatments showed the highest potential for carbon input (3.4–5.4 t C ha−1 year−1). Our results highlighted that using default values for R/S resulted in inaccurate modeling estimations of the soil carbon input, as compared to a management-specific application of R/S. We conclude that an increasing number of annual cuts significantly lowered the R/S for all grasses. Given the critical role of BGB carbon input, our study highlights the need for comprehensive long-term experiments regarding the development of perennial grass root systems under AGB manipulation by harvest. In conclusion, we indicated the importance of using more accurate R/S for perennial grasses depending on management to avoid over- and underestimation of the carbon sink functioning of grassland ecosystems.
Emergence of Lie Symmetries in Functional Architectures Learned by CNNs
Authors: Bertoni Federico , Montobbio Noemi , Sarti Alessandro , Citti Giovanna
Published: November 2021

In this paper we study the spontaneous development of symmetries in the early layers of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) during learning on natural images. Our architecture is built in such a way to mimic some properties of the early stages of biological visual systems. In particular, it contains a pre-filtering step ℓ0 defined in analogy with the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN). Moreover, the first convolutional layer is equipped with lateral connections defined as a propagation driven by a learned connectivity kernel, in analogy with the horizontal connectivity of the primary visual cortex (V1). We first show that the ℓ0 filter evolves during the training to reach a radially symmetric pattern well approximated by a Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG), which is a well-known model of the receptive profiles of LGN cells. In line with previous works on CNNs, the learned convolutional filters in the first layer can be approximated by Gabor functions, in agreement with well-established models for the receptive profiles of V1 simple cells. Here, we focus on the geometric properties of the learned lateral connectivity kernel of this layer, showing the emergence of orientation selectivity w.r.t. the tuning of the learned filters. We also examine the short-range connectivity and association fields induced by this connectivity kernel, and show qualitative and quantitative comparisons with known group-based models of V1 horizontal connections. These geometric properties arise spontaneously during the training of the CNN architecture, analogously to the emergence of symmetries in visual systems thanks to brain plasticity driven by external stimuli.
Selective Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Withdrawal With Supplemental Oxygen During Slow-Wave Sleep as a Method of Dissociating Sleep Fragmentation and Intermittent Hypoxemia-Related Sleep Disruption in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Mullins Anna E. , Parekh Ankit , Kam Korey , Castillo Bresne , Roberts Zachary J. , Fakhoury Ahmad , Valencia Daphne I. , Schoenholz Reagan , Tolbert Thomas M. , Bronstein Jason Z. , Mooney Anne M. , Burschtin Omar E. , Rapoport David M. , Ayappa Indu , Varga Andrew W.
Published: November 2021

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is considered to impair memory processing and increase the expression of amyloid-β (Aβ) and risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Given the evidence that slow-wave sleep (SWS) is important in both memory and Aβ metabolism, a better understanding of the mechanisms by which OSA impacts memory and risk for AD can stem from evaluating the role of disruption of SWS specifically and, when such disruption occurs through OSA, from evaluating the individual contributions of sleep fragmentation (SF) and intermittent hypoxemia (IH). In this study, we used continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) withdrawal to recapitulate SWS-specific OSA during polysomnography (PSG), creating conditions of both SF and IH in SWS only. During separate PSGs, we created the conditions of SWS fragmentation but used oxygen to attenuate IH. We studied 24 patients (average age of 55 years, 29% female) with moderate-to-severe OSA [Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI); AHI4% > 20/h], who were treated and adherent to CPAP. Participants spent three separate nights in the laboratory under three conditions as follows: (1) consolidated sleep with CPAP held at therapeutic pressure (CPAP); (2) CPAP withdrawn exclusively in SWS (OSASWS) breathing room air; and (3) CPAP withdrawn exclusively in SWS with the addition of oxygen during pressure withdrawal (OSASWS + O2). Multiple measures of SF (e.g., arousal index) and IH (e.g., hypoxic burden), during SWS, were compared according to condition. Arousal index in SWS during CPAP withdrawal was significantly greater compared to CPAP but not significantly different with and without oxygen (CPAP = 1.1/h, OSASWS + O2 = 10.7/h, OSASWS = 10.6/h). However, hypoxic burden during SWS was significantly reduced with oxygen compared to without oxygen [OSASWS + O2 = 23 (%min)/h, OSASWS = 37 (%min)/h]. No significant OSA was observed in non-rapid eye movement (REM) stage 1 (NREM 1), non-REM stage 2 (NREM 2), or REM sleep (e.g., non-SWS) in any condition. The SWS-specific CPAP withdrawal induces OSA with SF and IH. The addition of oxygen during CPAP withdrawal results in SF with significantly less severe hypoxemia during the induced respiratory events in SWS. This model of SWS-specific CPAP withdrawal disrupts SWS with a physiologically relevant stimulus and facilitates the differentiation of SF and IH in OSA.