bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Universal Strategy to Enhance Polarization Performance and Anode Reversal Tolerance by Polyaniline‐Coated Carbon Support for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Li Zheng , Mu Yongbiao , Zhang Qing , Xiao Cailin , Jiang Yuting , Du Lei , Ye Siyu , Zhao Tianshou , Zeng Lin
Published: October 2024

Anode cell reversal typically leads to severe carbon corrosion and catalyst layer collapse, which significantly compromises the durability of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Herein, three types of commercial carbon supports with various structures are facilely coated by polyaniline (PANI) and subsequently fabricated into reversal‐tolerant anodes (RTAs). Consequently, the optimized PANI‐coated catalyst RTAs demonstrate enhanced polarization performance and improved reversal tolerance compared to their uncoated counterparts, thus confirming the universality of this coating strategy. Essentially, the surface engineering introduced by PANI coating incorporates abundant N‐groups and enhances coulombic interactions with ionomer side chains, which in turn reduces lower carbon exposure, promotes more uniform Pt deposition, and ensures better ionomer distribution. Accordingly, the membrane‐electrode‐assembly containing the Pt/PANI/XC‐72R‐1+IrO2 RTA presents a 100 mV (at 2500 mA cm−2) polarization performance improvement and 26‐fold reduction in the degradation rate compared to the uncoated counterpart. This work provides a universal strategy for developing durable anodes and lays the groundwork for the practical fabrication of high‐performance, low‐degradation RTA.
Cotton Bollworm (H. armigera) Effector PPI5 Targets FKBP17‐2 to Inhibit ER Immunity and JA/SA Responses, Enhancing Insect Feeding
Authors: Wang Yaxin , Zhu Chuanying , Chen Gefei , Li Xuke , Zhu Mingjv , Alariqi Muna , Hussian Amjad , Ma Weihua , Lindsey Keith , Zhang Xianlong , Nie Xinhui , Jin Shuangxia
Published: October 2024

The cotton bollworm causes severe mechanical damage to plants during feeding and leaves oral secretions (OSs) at the mechanical wounds. The role these OSs play in the invasion of plants is still largely unknown. Here, a novel H. armigera effector peptidyl prolyl trans‐isomerase 5 (PPI5) was isolated and characterized. PPI5 induces the programmed cell death (PCD) due to the unfolded protein response (UPR) in tobacco leaf. We reveal that PPI5 is important for the growth and development of cotton bollworm on plants, as it renders plants more susceptible to feeding. The GhFKBP17‐2, was identified as a host target for PPI5 with peptidyl‐prolyl isomerase (PPIase) activity. CRISPR/Cas9 knock‐out cotton mutant (CR‐GhFKBP17‐1/3), VIGS (TRV: GhFKBP17‐2) and overexpression lines (OE‐GhFKBP17‐1/3) were created and the data indicate that GhFKBP17‐2 positively regulates endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress‐mediated plant immunity in response to cotton bollworm infestation. We further confirm that PPI5 represses JA and SA levels by downregulating the expression of JA‐ and SA‐associated genes, including JAZ3/9, MYC2/3, JAR4, PR4, LSD1, PAD4, ICS1 and PR1/5. Taken together, our results reveal that PPI5 reduces plant defense responses and makes plants more susceptible to cotton bollworm infection by targeting and suppressing GhFKBP17‐2 ‐mediated plant immunity.
Engineering Topological Spin Hall Effect in 2D Multiferroic Material
Authors: Dou Kaiying , He Zhonglin , Zhao Jiangyu , Du Wenhui , Dai Ying , Huang Baibiao , Ma Yandong
Published: October 2024

Topological spin Hall effect (TSHE), promoted by coupling between noncoplanar spins and real‐space topology, is a significant phenomenon in condensed matter physics. However, the control of TSHE characteristics is missing due to its intrinsic robustness, and such fundamental difficulty prevents it from being used for spintronics up to now. Here, a rational design approach is demonstrated to engineer TSHE in a controllable and reversible fashion. Through symmetry and model analysis, it is unveiled that antiferromagnetic topological charge, as well as Lorentz forces, acted on conduction electrons, can be coupled with Dzyaloshinskii‐Moriya interaction chirality for antiferromagnetic bimerons in 2D multiferroic materials. Such coupling guarantees the ferroelectric control of TSHE. Using first‐principles calculations and atomic spin model simulations, the validity of this mechanism is further demonstrated in multiferroic monolayer CuCr2Se4 with experimental feasibility. The alter‐chirality of the Dzyaloshinskii‐Moriya interaction is found to play a crucial role in realizing this mechanism. This results extend TSHE to be used in spintronics and open a new direction for spintronics research.
Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Benzofuran‐3(2H)‐Ones to α,β‐Unsaturated Thioamides: Stereodivergent Synthesis of Rocaglaol
Authors: Samanta Sadhanendu , Noda Hidetoshi , Watanabe Takumi , Cui Jin , Shibasaki Masakatsu
Published: October 2024

Rocaglaol, a representative flavagline, has attracted significant attention because of its unique chemical structure and biological activities. This paper reports a mild and scalable copper‐catalyzed enantioselective conjugate addition of benzofuran‐3(2H)‐ones to α,β‐unsaturated thioamides. This method allows for the concise synthesis of all possible stereoisomers of a key intermediate of rocaglaol and its derivatives in a highly diastereo‐ and enantioselective manner using different chiral phosphine ligands. Theoretical insights into the reaction mechanism and the origin of ligand‐dependent diastereodivergence were obtained using density functional theory calculations.
A Facile and Safe Route to Fabricate Boscalid‐Loaded ZIF‐8 Nanoparticles With Efficient Antibacterial Activity and Long‐Sustained Release
Authors: Chen Weiyan , Liu Jinxi , Zhan Yingyu , Gao Minghui , Zhang Baohua
Published: October 2024

Synthesis of ZIF‐8 mainly uses zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn(NO3)2.6H2O) as the zinc source. Zn (NO3)2.6H2O is flammable, explosive, and highly corrosive, posing a threat to human health. It also requires a molar ratio of 2‐methylimidazole to zinc source greater than 20, resulting in increased costs. In this work, a pH‐sensitive controlled‐release nano‐capsule of fungicide, ZIF‐8@Boscalid, was established using green zinc sources (zinc sulfate and zinc acetate) and was prepared based on metal–organic framework (ZIF‐8) for higher antifungal effect and low bio‐toxicity. The loading ratio is as high as 34%. In addition, the release of fungicide Boscalid showed pH‐sensitive response due to the weak acidic group in the ZIF structure, in which the rate of release was more rapid under acid condition (< 5). Cumulative release rates of the ZIF‐8(A)@Boscalid system and ZIF‐8(S)@Boscalid system were 76.15% and 86.22%, respectively. Meanwhile, the antifungal effect of ZIF‐8@Boscalid was 1.5 times more of that commercially available product on CI‐8 at the concentration of 300 mg/L, and the antibacterial activity values of the ZIF‐8(A)@Boscalid system and ZIF‐8(S)@Boscalid system against CJ‐8 were 84.54% and 78.65%, respectively. Furthermore, the obtained ZIF‐8@Boscalid system using the method described in this article exhibited certain UV resistance. Thus, this work not only proves that ZIF‐8@Boscalid could be used as nanoparticles platform for smart control over CJ‐8 but also has great potential effective utilization of Boscalid and achieving sustained release.
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activities of Tolfenamic Acid Alkaline Earth Metal Complexes
Authors: Akther Shamima , Islam Saiful , Rahman Md. Shahidur , Simol Hasina Akhter , Jamal A. H. M. Shofiul Islam Molla , Islam Dipa , Bakshi Pradip K.
Published: October 2024

Solid complexes of tolfenamic acid (tolfH) with Mg(II), Ca(II), Sr(II), and Ba(II) have been synthesized and characterized by CHN, metal contents analysis, FTIR, UV, 1H‐NMR spectroscopy, thermal (TGA, DTG, DTA, and DSC) analysis, molar conductance, powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM–EDX). Based on these studies, the probable formulae for the complexes are [Mg(tolf)Cl(H2O)3].4H2O, [Ca(tolf)2(H2O)2], [Sr2(tolf)4(H2O)4], and [Ba2(tolf)4(H2O)4]. The ligand tolfenamate ion (tolf) exhibited different modes of coordination, including bidentate and chelating. The 1H‐NMR displayed the presence of tolfenamato ions in the coordination sphere, the purity and stability of the complexes in solution. The average crystallite sizes of the complexes were determined by XRD and ranged from 55 to 70 nm. SEM micrographs showed the rod‐ or plate‐like morphology of the prepared complexes. The complexes showed promising antioxidant activity in the DPPH radical scavenging method, with an IC50 value of 12–15 μg/mL. Against gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria, as well as fungi, the metal complexes also demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity. In the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the metal complexes exhibited significantly highest cytotoxicity with the range of 15.25–24.57 μg/mL. All the complexes showed cytotoxicity against human cervical carcinoma HeLa cell lines, while the ligand itself did not show any cytotoxicity to these cancer cells. Furthermore, the metal complexes exhibited improved central and peripheral analgesic activity compared to tolfenamic acid.
H2O2 Self‐Supplying CaO2/POM@MOF Bimodal Nanogeneration Materials for Photothermal and Chemodynamic Synergistic Antimicrobials
Authors: Chen Na , Li Yuan , Pan Yang , Wang Haozhe , Gu Hao , Sun Yuan , Sun Tiedong
Published: October 2024

The emergence of bacterial resistance has a negative impact on the conventional antimicrobial treatments, and research into the development of the new antimicrobial materials is of great significance. Multimodal synergistic antimicrobial materials exert better antimicrobial effects compared with a single modality. In recent years, Polyoxometalate (POM) has shown great potential in the biomedical field due to its high catalytic activity and high photothermal conversion ability. However, owing to its small surface area, its applications have been greatly limited. Herein, we designed a H2O2 self‐supplied CDT and PTT bimodal nanogeneration material (i.e., CaO2/POM@MOF) possessing a larger surface area for the treatment of the bacterial infections, in which CaO2 could release O2 and H2O2 in the weakly acidic microenvironment of bacterial infection and the dual catalytic site of POM@MOF could enhance the CDT reaction to generate ROS, resulting in the bacterial oxidative stress and the leakage of the bacterial contents, and the exposure to the NIR light generates localized high temperature that cause the rupture of bacterial cell membranes and the denaturation of their proteins. Meanwhile, the superior stability of POM@MOF can release fewer metal ions to improve its biocompatibility. The in vitro antimicrobial experiments demonstrated that CaO2/POM@MOF possessed the combined CDT and PTT effect and exhibited excellent antimicrobial efficacy. This work presents a promising strategy to combat the bacterial infections.
Kinetic investigation of the energy storage process in graphene fiber supercapacitors: Unraveling mechanisms, fabrications, property manipulation, and wearable applications
Authors: Zhang Juan , Liu Wenwen , Du Minzhi , Xu Qingli , Hung Minren , Xiang Ruifang , Liao Meng , Wang Xinhou , Wang Bingjie , Yu Aiping , Zhang Kun
Published: October 2024

Graphene fiber supercapacitors (GFSCs) have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional features, including high power density, rapid charge/discharge rates, prolonged cycling durability, and versatile weaving capabilities. Nevertheless, inherent challenges in graphene fibers (GFs), particularly the restricted ion‐accessible specific surface area (SSA) and sluggish ion transport kinetics, hinder the achievement of optimal capacitance and rate performance. Despite existing reviews on GFSCs, a notable gap exists in thoroughly exploring the kinetics governing the energy storage process in GFSCs. This review aims to address this gap by thoroughly analyzing the energy storage mechanism, fabrication methodologies, property manipulation, and wearable applications of GFSCs. Through theoretical analysis of the energy storage process, specific parameters in advanced GF fabrication methodologies are carefully summarized, which can be used to modulate nano/micro‐structures, thereby enhancing energy storage kinetics. In particular, enhanced ion storage is realized by creating more ion‐accessible SSA and introducing extra‐capacitive components, while accelerated ion transport is achieved by shortening the transport channel length and improving the accessibility of electrolyte ions. Building on the established structure–property relationship, several critical strategies for constructing optimal surface and structure profiles of GF electrodes are summarized. Capitalizing on the exceptional flexibility and wearability of GFSCs, the review further underscores their potential as foundational elements for constructing multifunctional e‐textiles using conventional textile technologies. In conclusion, this review provides insights into current challenges and suggests potential research directions for GFSCs.
Association of health insurance coverage disruptions and breast and colorectal cancer screening
Authors: Shi Kewei Sylvia , Han Xuesong , Star Jessica , Zhao Jingxuan , Yabroff K. Robin
Published: October 2024

Background

Health insurance coverage is critical for ensuring access to recommended health care in the United States. This study investigated the associations of health insurance coverage disruptions, also known as coverage churn, and receipt of breast and colorectal cancer screening.

Methods

Adults who were age‐eligible and younger than 65 years (range, 50–64 years) for breast (n = 17,128 women) and colorectal (n = 32,562 individuals) cancer screening were identified from 5 years of the National Health Interview Survey. Adults were categorized into five groups based on insurance type at survey (private, public, none) and prior coverage disruptions within the past year. Screening outcomes included: (1) ever‐screened, (2) past‐year screening, and (3) guideline‐concordant screening. Separate multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations between insurance coverage disruptions and cancer screening.

Results

Among adults who had coverage at the time of the survey, 3.1% with private insurance and 6.5% with public insurance reported prior coverage disruptions. Individuals without health insurance coverage had the lowest level of screening. Among individuals who had private coverage, prior disruptions were associated with lower guideline‐concordant screening in adjusted analyses (breast cancer screening: adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75–0.89; colorectal cancer screening: aPR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.72–0.86); among those who had public coverage, prior disruptions were also associated with lower guideline‐concordant breast cancer screening (aPR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.60–0.89) and colorectal cancer screening (aPR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.72–0.99).

Conclusions

Health insurance coverage disruptions were associated with lower past‐year and guideline‐concordant breast and colorectal cancer screening. The current findings underscore the importance of stable health insurance coverage to improve cancer screening and early detection when treatment is most effective.
Intracranial arteriosclerosis is not associated with cerebral amyloid deposition
Authors: Streiber Anna M. , Neitzel Julia , Nguyen Ho Phuong Thuy , Vernooij Meike W. , Bos Daniel
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Intracranial arteriosclerosis and cerebral amyloid beta (Aβ) are both involved in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia, but the direct link between these two pathologies remains elusive.

METHODS

In 633 participants (mean age 69 years, 51% women) from the population‐based Rotterdam Study, we quantified cerebral Aβ accumulation on amyloid positron emission tomography (PET). We assessed calcification of the intracranial internal carotid (ICAC) and vertebrobasilar arteries (VBAC) as proxies of arteriosclerosis on non‐enhanced computed tomography (CT). Using logistic and linear regression, we studied the relationship of presence, burden, and type of calcification with the presence and burden of Aβ.

RESULTS

We found no associations of ICAC [odds ratio (OR): 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.43, 1.72] or VBAC [OR: 0.59, CI: 0.26, 1.24] with cerebral Aβ. The results did not vary across ICAC subtypes.

DISCUSSION

Intracranial arteriosclerosis was not associated with cerebral Aβ, underscoring their independence in the etiology of AD dementia.

Highlights

Comprehensive assessment of intracranial arteriosclerosis (e.g., including subtypes).

Intracranial arteriosclerosis in different arteries and cerebral Aβ are not related.

Arteriosclerosis and Aβ likely influence Alzheimer's disease dementia independently.
Spectroscopic Detection and Theoretical Description of Spin‐Crossover Effect in Co(II)‐terpyridine System
Authors: Stefanczyk Olaf , Li Guanping , Kumar Kunal , Song Qinyu , Nakabayashi Koji , Ohkoshi Shinichi
Published: October 2024

Spin‐crossover (SCO) effect on octahedral Co(II) centers is much rarer and less known than in the case of Fe(II) complexes, although it is no less promising for the development of fundamental research, sophisticated memories, and sensors. The representative compound [Co(terpy)2]I2 ⋅ 2H2O (terpy=2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine) was synthesized, and its physicochemical properties were studied both experimentally and theoretically. Magnetic experiments revealed a very gradual SCO between a low‐spin state (SCo(II)‐LS=1/2) and a high‐spin state (SCo(II)‐HS=3/2) for the pristine sample and an abrupt SCO with a narrow thermal hysteresis around 130 K for the desolvated sample. Moreover, temperature‐dependent vibrational and electronic spectroscopy were employed to track the evolution of spectroscopic features related to SCO and desolvation processes. Additionally, quantum chemical calculations were utilized to determine the electronic structure, molecular orbitals, and vibrations for different spin states at various temperatures, offering a more comprehensive understanding of the compound's spectroscopic and magnetic behaviors. These extensive investigations provide valuable insights into Co(II)‐based SCO materials and their theoretical underpinnings, paving the way for the application of their thermometric properties.
Wheat bran: A nutritional treasure or bread‐making challenge?—A mini‐review
Authors: Li Cheng , Wu Wei
Published: October 2024

Wheat bran, a by‐product of milling, boasts a rich nutrient profile and bioactive compounds that offer significant protective effects against various metabolic syndromes and chronic diseases. Despite its high nutritional value, incorporating wheat bran into the bakery products presents challenges, particularly regarding its impact on dough rheology and bread texture and tastes, which can reduce consumer acceptability. This mini review explores the structural composition of wheat grain, the origin of bran, and their implications for dough and bread quality. Additionally, the role of wheat bran‐associated enzymes and their influence on dough and bread‐making properties are also discussed. This mini review aims to enhance understanding of the wheat bran's influence on bread quality and encourage the consumption of wheat bran‐enriched products.
Fermentative production of vitamin B12 by Propionibacterium shermanii and Pseudomonas denitrificans and its promising health benefits: A review
Authors: Tripathi Anjali , Pandey Vinay Kumar , Panesar Parmjit S. , Taufeeq Anam , Mishra Hridyanshi , Rustagi Sarvesh , Malik Sumira , Kovács Béla , Suthar Tejas , Shaikh Ayaz Mukarram
Published: October 2024

Cobalamin, generally known as vitamin B12, is a crucial component required for humans in several physiological processes. It has been produced from sources that are derived from animals, making it difficult for vegetarians and vegans to consume the recommended amount each day. The importance of vitamin B12 in red blood cell production, DNA synthesis, and brain processes has been highlighted. Recent studies have looked at different methods of producing vitamin B12, such as microbial fermentation. Propionibacterium shermanii and Pseudomonas denitrificans have demonstrated remarkable potential as fermented sources of vitamin B12. Compared to conventional sources, the bioavailability of vitamin B12 produced by P. denitrificans and P. shermanii is more effective in meeting dietary needs. Vitamin B12 can be produced naturally by P. denitrificans. It is equipped with the enzymes and metabolic pathways required to produce this vital vitamin. The fermentation of several dietary substrates by P. shermanii can improve nutrient bioavailability. P. shermanii generates enzymes during fermentation that aid in the breakdown of complex nutrients, facilitating easier absorption and utilization by the body. The motive of the following critical evaluation is to assess the advantages of vitamin B12 for health and the capacity of P. denitrificans and P. shermanii to produce it through fermentation.
The most efficient machine learning algorithms in stroke prediction: A systematic review
Authors: Asadi Farkhondeh , Rahimi Milad , Daeechini Amir Hossein , Paghe Atefeh
Published: October 2024

Abstrac

Background and Aims

Stroke is one of the most common causes of death worldwide, leading to numerous complications and significantly diminishing the quality of life for those affected. The purpose of this study is to systematically review published papers on stroke prediction using machine learning algorithms and introduce the most efficient machine learning algorithms and compare their performance. The papers have published in period from 2019 to August 2023.

Methods

The authors conducted a systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and IEEE using the keywords “Artificial Intelligence,” “Predictive Modeling,” “Machine Learning,” “Stroke,” and “Cerebrovascular Accident” from 2019 to August 2023.

Results

Twenty articles were included based on the inclusion criteria. The Random Forest (RF) algorithm was introduced as the best and most efficient stroke ML algorithm in 25% of the articles (n = 5). In addition, in other articles, Support Vector Machines (SVM), Stacking and XGBOOST, DSGD, COX& GBT, ANN, NB, and RXLM algorithms were introduced as the best and most efficient ML algorithms in stroke prediction.

Conclusion

This research has shown a rapid increase in using ML algorithms to predict stroke, with significant improvements in model accuracy in recent years. However, no model has reached 100% accuracy or is entirely error‐free. Variations in algorithm efficiency and accuracy stem from differences in sample sizes, datasets, and data types. Further studies should focus on consistent datasets, sample sizes, and data types for more reliable outcomes.
Maternal sensitivity as a predictor of change in respiratory sinus arrhythmia activity from infancy to toddlerhood
Authors: Tacana Tracey , Speck Bailey , Isenhour Jennifer , Conradt Elisabeth , Crowell Sheila E. , Raby K. Lee
Published: October 2024

This study examined whether parental sensitivity during distressing and non‐distressing mother–infant interactions predicts changes in young children's respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) activity. Baseline RSA levels were collected from 83 children (49% female, 51% male) when children were 7 and 18 months old. Children's RSA reactivity and RSA recovery during the still‐face paradigm were collected when children were 7 months and during the strange situation procedure at 18 months. Controlling for stability of RSA activity over time, maternal sensitivity during distressing interactions at 7 months predicted changes in children's baseline RSA levels (β = −0.30) and children's RSA recovery (β = 0.25). Young children who experienced higher levels of sensitivity at 7 months had lower resting RSA levels and exhibited greater RSA recovery at 18 months. These results suggest that changes in young children's RSA activity are meaningfully related to their early caregiving experiences.

Highlights

We examined whether maternal sensitivity during infancy predicts changes in children's RSA activity from infancy to toddlerhood.

Children who experienced higher levels of maternal sensitivity during infancy showed greater RSA recovery from a stressor during toddlerhood.

Children who experienced higher levels of maternal sensitivity during infancy had lower resting RSA levels during toddlerhood.
US household demand system analysis for dairy milk products and plant‐based milk alternatives
Authors: Capps Oral , Wang Lingxiao
Published: October 2024

Using the QUAIDS model, we analyze interrelationships among dairy milk and plant‐based milk alternatives (PBMA) for US households from 2018 to 2020 using NielsenIQ. We adopt the Shonkwiler–Yen methodology to account for censored observations. PBMA demand is inelastic, while milk products show elastic demand. PBMA substitutes for traditional white milk and organic milk. Traditional flavored milk and PBMA as well as lactose‐free and organic milk are complements. PBMA and lactose‐free milk are independent goods. Demographic factors like income, household size, and education significantly affect budget share, alongside women, infants, and children participation and the pandemic.
An in vitro cell model for exploring inflammatory and amyloidogenic events in alkaptonuria
Authors: Mastroeni Pierfrancesco , Geminiani Michela , Olmastroni Tommaso , Frusciante Luisa , Trezza Alfonso , Visibelli Anna , Santucci Annalisa
Published: October 2024

Alkaptonuria (AKU) is a progressive systemic inherited metabolic disorder primarily affecting the osteoarticular system, characterized by the degeneration of cartilage induced by ochronosis, ultimately leading to early osteoarthritis (OA). However, investigating AKU pathology in human chondrocytes, which is crucial for understanding the disease, encounters challenges due to limited availability and donor variability. To overcome this obstacle, an in vitro model has been established using homogentisic acid (HGA) to simulate AKU conditions. This model employed immortalized C20/A4 human chondrocytes and serves as a dependable platform for studying AKU pathogenesis. Significantly, the model demonstrates the accumulation of ochronotic pigment in HGA‐treated cells, consistent with findings from previous studies. Furthermore, investigations into inflammatory processes during HGA exposure revealed notable oxidative stress, as indicated by elevated levels of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. Additionally, the model demonstrated HGA‐induced inflammatory responses, evidenced by increased production of nitric oxide, overexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase‐2. These findings underscore the model's utility in studying inflammation associated with AKU. Moreover, analysis of serum amyloid A and serum amyloid P proteins revealed a potential interaction, corroborating evidence of amyloid fibril formation. This hypothesis was further supported by Congo red staining, which showed fibril formation exclusively in HGA‐treated cells. Overall, the C20/A4 cell model provided valuable insights into AKU pathogenesis, emphasizing its potential for facilitating drug development and therapeutic interventions.
Tensile force impairs lip muscle regeneration under the regulation of interleukin‐10
Authors: Cheng Xu , Dou Jinfeng , Li Jinggui , Huang Yixuan , Shi Bing , Li Jingtao
Published: October 2024

Background

Orbicularis oris muscle, the crucial muscle in speaking, facial expression and aesthetics, is considered the driving force for optimal lip repair. Impaired muscle regeneration remains the main culprit for unsatisfactory surgical outcomes. However, there is a lack of study on how different surgical manipulations affect lip muscle regeneration, limiting efforts to seek effective interventions.

Methods

In this study, we established a rat lip surgery model where the orbicularis oris muscle was injured by manipulations including dissection, transection and stretch. The effect of each technique on muscle regeneration was examined by histological analysis of myogenesis and fibrogenesis. The impact of tensile force was further investigated by the in vitro application of mechanical strain on cultured myoblasts. Transcriptome profiling of muscle satellite cells from different surgical groups was performed to figure out the key factors mediating muscle fibrosis, followed by therapeutic intervention to improve muscle regeneration after lip surgeries.

Results

Evaluation of lip muscle regeneration till 56 days after injury revealed that the stretch group resulted in the most severe muscle fibrosis (n = 6, fibrotic area 48.9% in the stretch group, P < 0.001, and 25.1% in the dissection group, P < 0.001). There was the lowest number of Pax7‐positive nuclei at Days 3 and 7 in the stretch group (n = 6, P < 0.001, P < 0.001), indicating impaired satellite cell expansion. Myogenesis was impaired in both the transection and stretch groups, as evidenced by the delayed peak of centrally nucleated myofibers and embryonic MyHC. Meanwhile, the stretch group had the highest percentage of Pdgfra+ fibro‐adipogenic progenitors infiltrated area at Days 3, 7 and 14 (n = 6, P = 0.003, P = 0.006, P = 0.037). Cultured rat lip muscle myoblasts exhibited impaired myotube formation and fusion capacity when exposed to a high magnitude (ε = 2688 μ strain) of mechanical strain (n = 3, P = 0.014, P = 0.023). RNA‐seq analysis of satellite cells isolated from different surgical groups demonstrated that interleukin‐10 was the key regulator in muscle fibrosis. Administration of recombinant human Wnt7a, which can inhibit the expression of interleukin‐10 in cultured satellite cells (n = 3, P = 0.041), exerted an ameliorating effect on orbicularis oris muscle fibrosis after stretching injury in surgical lip repair.

Conclusions

Tensile force proved to be the most detrimental manoeuvre for post‐operative lip muscle regeneration, despite its critical role in correcting lip and nose deformities. Adjunctive biotherapies to regulate the interleukin‐10‐mediated inflammatory process could facilitate lip muscle regeneration under conditions of high surgical tensile force.
AutoLNMNet: Automated Network for Estimating Lymph‐Node Metastasis in EGC Using a Pyramid Vision Transformer and Data Derived From Multiphoton Microscopy
Authors: Gao Lin , Liu Wenju , Kang Bingzi , Wu Han , He Jiajia , Li Xiaolu , Xi Gangqin , Zhuo Shuangmu
Published: October 2024

Lymph‐node status is important in decision‐making during early gastric cancer (EGC) treatment. Currently, endoscopic submucosal dissection is the mainstream treatment for EGC. However, it is challenging for even experienced endoscopists to accurately diagnose and treat EGC. Multiphoton microscopy can extract the morphological features of collagen fibers from tissues. The characteristics of collagen fibers can be used to assess the lymph‐node metastasis status in patients with EGC. First, we compared the accuracy of four deep learning models (VGG16, ResNet34, MobileNetV2, and PVTv2) in training preprocessed images and test datasets. Next, we integrated the features of the best‐performing model, which was PVTv2, with manual and clinical features to develop a novel model called AutoLNMNet. The prediction accuracy of AutoLNMNet for the no metastasis (Ly0) and metastasis in lymph nodes (Ly1) stages reached 0.92, which was 0.3% higher than that of PVTv2. The receiver operating characteristics of AutoLNMNet in quantifying Ly0 and Ly1 stages were 0.97 and 0.97, respectively. Therefore, AutoLNMNet is highly reliable and accurate in detecting lymph‐node metastasis, providing an important tool for the early diagnosis and treatment of EGC.
若年者に発症したMRSAによる右心系three noes感染性心内膜炎の1例(‘Three noes’ right–sided infective endocarditis in a young patient due to methicillin–resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a case report)
Authors: 潤 中島 , 悠輔 澤田 , 雄太 一色 , 優美 市川 , 一憲 福島 , 祐斗 荒巻 , 清宏 大嶋
Published: October 2024

症例は20歳代の男性。発熱と頭痛を主訴に当院へ救急搬送された。来院時の血液検査で炎症反応上昇を認めるも，その他の検査で感染所見はなかった。感染巣不明の感染症を疑い，入院のうえ，抗菌薬治療を開始した。第2病日，血液培養からグラム陽性球菌が検出された。感染性心内膜炎（infective endocarditis: IE）の検索のため第3病日に経胸壁心エコー図検査を行うも疣贅はみられなかった。その後，検出菌がMRSAであることが判明し，第3病日に再検した血液培養検査でもMRSAが検出された。経過中に心雑音が出現・増強し，第9病日に行った経食道心エコー図検査で三尖弁位の疣贅と三尖弁閉鎖不全症を認めたためIEと診断し循環器内科へ転科した。抗菌化学療法が継続されたが，敗血症性肺塞栓症発症や炎症反応上昇再燃のため，第30病日に疣贅切除，三尖弁形成術および卵円孔閉鎖術が行われた。術後経過は良好で，第59病日に当院を退院した。右心系IEの主な誘因には，①静注薬物使用者，②心臓デバイス関連，③先天性心疾患，④上記①〜③のいずれでもないthree noes IEの4つがあり，本症例は市中獲得MRSAによるthree noes IEと考えられた。Three noes右心系IEの死亡率は高いため，迅速な抗菌化学療法開始とともに，治療戦略として外科治療も念頭に置きながら加療を進める必要がある。
Guselkumab for the treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum
Authors: Sarsam Sera , Sexton Holly , Nicolopoulos Jenny , Dolianitis Con
Published: October 2024

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a complex disease with limited therapeutic options. Here we report the use of higher dose of guselkumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin (IL‐) 23, in the treatment of PG in a medically complex patient. This case contributes additional evidence supporting the potential effectiveness of guselkumab in the treatment of PG and highlights the necessity for larger studies to confirm these findings.
Contrasting nitrogen dynamics across the Mid‐Atlantic Bight shelfbreak front: Insights from nitrate dual isotopes and nitrifier gene abundance
Authors: Zhu Yifan , Mulholland Margaret R. , Selden Corday R. , McGillicuddy Dennis J. , Mottram Josie , Chappell P. Dreux , Zhang Weifeng Gordon , Granger Julie , Crider Katherine E. , Meyer Meredith G. , Bernhardt Peter W. , Oliver Hilde , Clayton Sophie
Published: October 2024

Observations and model studies suggest that front dynamics can enhance phytoplankton productivity. This study tested whether frontal systems also increase the abundance of nitrifying microbes and nitrogen recycling during repeat sampling transects across the Mid‐Atlantic Bight shelfbreak in July 2019. We measured ammonium concentrations, nitrate dual isotopes (δ15N, δ18O), and ammonia monooxygenase subunit A (amoA) genes of ammonia‐oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB). In subsurface shelf waters, ammonium concentrations exceeded 2 μmol L−1, due to a temporary imbalance in regeneration from sinking particles and subsequent nitrification. The inverse correlation between nitrate δ15N values and ammonium concentrations confirmed nitrate was partially or entirely from local nitrification on the shelf. In contrast, the shelfbreak frontal zone and slope sea subsurface waters had much lower ammonium concentrations (0.1–0.2 μmol L−1) due to tight coupling between ammonium regeneration and nitrification. The deviation of nitrate δ15N and δ18O from algal uptake‐driven 1 : 1 ratio suggests concurrent nitrification in the euphotic zone. The shelfbreak front acted as an ecological boundary where AOA and AOB amoA gene numbers were partitioned, with AOAs abounding in slope waters and AOBs in shelf waters, likely due to ammonium availability. At certain slope stations, deep‐water nutrient inputs via isopycnal lifting induced by Gulf Stream intrusions caused unexpectedly high phytoplankton biomass, which doubled nitrifier abundance and potentially stimulated both ammonium regeneration and nitrification. These findings demonstrate distinct distributions of nitrifying microbes along the salinity gradient from shelf to slope and highlight the significant influence of coastal ocean‐western boundary current interactions on nitrogen biogeochemistry.
EmbB and EmbC regulate the sensitivity of Mycobacterium abscessus to echinomycin
Authors: He Jing , Gao Yamin , Wang Jingyun , Hameed H. M. Adnan , Wang Shuai , Fang Cuiting , Tian Xirong , Zhang Jingran , Han Xingli , Ju Yanan , Tan Yaoju , Ma Junying , Ju Jianhua , Hu Jinxing , Liu Jianxiong , Zhang Tianyu
Published: October 2024

Treatment of Mycobacterium abscessus (Mab) infections is very challenging due to its intrinsic resistance to most available drugs. Therefore, it is crucial to discover novel anti‐Mab drugs. In this study, we explored an intrinsic resistance mechanism through which Mab resists echinomycin (ECH). ECH showed activity against Mab at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 µg/ml. A ΔembC strain in which the embC gene was knocked out showed hypersensitivity to ECH (MIC: 0.0078–0.0156 µg/ml). The MICs of ECH‐resistant strains screened with reference to ΔembC ranged from 0.25 to 1 µg/ml. Mutations in EmbB, including D306A, D306N, R350G, V555I, and G581S, increased the Mab's resistance to ECH when overexpressed in ΔembC individually (MIC: 0.25–0.5 µg/ml). These EmbB mutants, edited using the CRISPR/Cpf1 system, showed heightened resistance to ECH (MIC: 0.25–0.5 µg/ml). The permeability of these Mab strains with edited genes and overexpression was reduced, as evidenced by an ethidium bromide accumulation assay, but it remained significantly higher than that of the parent Mab. In summary, our study demonstrates that ECH exerts potent anti‐Mab activity and confirms that EmbB and EmbC are implicated in Mab's sensitivity to ECH. Mutation in EmbB may partially compensate for a loss of EmbC function.
Zinc finger 4 negatively controls the transcriptional activator Fzf1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Du Ying , Ma Chaoqun , Moore Stanley A. , Xiao Wei
Published: October 2024

Fzf1 is a Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcription factor containing five zinc fingers (ZFs). It regulates the expression of at least five downstream genes, including SSU1, YHB1, DDI2/3, and YNR064c, by recognizing a consensus sequence, CS2, found in these gene promoters. These gene products are involved in cellular responses to various chemical stresses. For example, SSU1 encodes a sodium sulfite efflux protein that confers sulfite resistance. However, the underlying molecular mechanism through which Fzf1 responds to chemical stress and coordinates target gene activation remains elusive. Interestingly, several mutations in the fourth ZF (ZF4) of Fzf1 have previously been reported to confer either sulfite resistance or elevated basal‐level expression of YHB1, indicating that ZF4 negatively impacts Fzf1 activity. Since ZF4 is dispensable for CS2 binding in vitro, we hypothesized that ZF4 is a negative regulator of Fzf1 and that chemically induced Fzf1‐regulated gene expression occurs via de‐repression. All five genes examined were cross‐induced by corresponding chemicals in an Fzf1‐dependent manner, and all three ZF4 mutations and a ZF4 deletion conferred increased basal‐level expression and SSU1‐dependent sulfite resistance. A ZF4 deletion did not alter the target DNA binding, consistent with the observed codominant phenotype. These observations collectively reveal that Fzf1 remains inactive by default at the target promoters and that its activation is at least partially achieved by self‐derepression through chemical modification and/or a conformational change.
Monolithic ceramic waveguide filter using a transition between GCPW feed and ceramic waveguide for 28 GHz
Authors: Park Jeong‐Hun , Park Seung‐Jun
Published: October 2024

In this letter, a mm‐wave monolithic ceramic waveguide filter using a transition between a grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) feed and a ceramic waveguide has been proposed. The published studies on monolithic ceramic waveguide filters with wideband properties for the mm‐wave are lacking. A desired external quality factor, satisfying wide bandwidth, is achieved using both inductive and capacitive couplings in the transition. The inductive coupling is realized with a waveguide's hole directly connected to the microstrip line probe of the GCPW. The capacitive coupling is employed with the slots of both GCPW and ceramic waveguide, which are placed facing each other. Adopting the presented transition, the inline monolithic ceramic waveguide filter for a fourth‐order Chebyshev response was designed. The fabricated filter provided the insertion and return losses of lower than 1.2 dB and higher than 10 dB, respectively, at frequencies from 26.43 to 29.76 GHz, with a fractional bandwidth of 11.85%.
Physical Activity, Kinesiophobia, Pain Catastrophizing, Body Awareness, Depression and Disease Activity in Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis and Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cross‐Sectional Explorative Study
Authors: Karaca Nur Banu , Arin‐Bal Gamze , Sezer Serdar , Kelesoglu Dincer Ayse Bahar , Kinikli Gulay , Boström Carina , Kinikli Gizem Irem
Published: October 2024

Objective/Aim

The aim was to compare the levels of physical activity, kinesiophobia, pain catastrophizing, body awareness, and depression in patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and to explore the associations between these outcomes and disease activity.

Methods

Seventy‐eight patients with AS (n = 30) and RA (n = 48) were included. Outcomes were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire‐Short Form, the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, the Body Awareness Questionnaire, and the Beck Depression Inventory. Disease activity levels were determined using the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index for AS and the Disease Activity Score 28 score for RA.

Results

AS patients were younger, had a higher proportion of men, and were more physically active than RA patients (p < 0.05). Both groups exhibited high levels of kinesiophobia but low levels of pain catastrophizing, similar body awareness and mild depression scores. Moderate correlations (r ≥ 0.5) were observed between kinesiophobia and depression, body awareness and pain catastrophizing and depression, and pain catastrophizing and disease activity in AS patients. In RA patients, moderate correlations (r ≥ 0.5) were found between kinesiophobia and pain catastrophizing.

Conclusion

Addressing physical activity, kinesiophobia, pain catastrophizing, body awareness, and depression is important in managing AS and RA patients. Notably, correlations among outcomes differed between groups, with more significant correlations in AS. Further studies are needed to explore these in greater detail.
Assessing Long‐Term Quality of Life Concerns Through Survivorship Clinic in Head and Neck Cancer Patients
Authors: Yousef Andrew , Nichol Ariadne , Luu Bao , Montesa Carie , Ramsey Celia , Verpukhovskiy Philipp , Blumenfeld Liza , Linnemeyer‐Risser Kristen , Guo Theresa
Published: October 2024

Objective

To characterize the concerns of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients and discern changes in quality‐of‐life (QoL) during long‐term follow‐up.

Study Design

Retrospective review.

Setting

Survivorship clinic at a tertiary academic center.

Methods

A retrospective review was conducted on HNC patients seen in our survivorship clinic between 1/2020 and 1/2024 using the University of Washington Quality of Life (UW‐QOL) Questionnaire.

Results

Three hundred and forty‐two patients were seen for 914 encounters. Patients were divided into 4 groups: pretreatment (n = 326), 0 to 12 months posttreatment (n = 247), 1 to 3 years posttreatment (n = 248), and more than 3 years posttreatment (n = 64). The average follow‐up after treatment was 459 days (range: 0‐5.2 years).

Multivariable analysis revealed significant improvements in overall QoL, health‐related QoL, social‐emotional composite scores, activity, anxiety, appearance, chewing, mood, pain, speech, and recreation at more than 1‐year posttreatment compared to less than 1‐year posttreatment. However, declines were noted in saliva and taste scores. No differences in scores were observed between patients 1 to 3 years posttreatment and those >3 years posttreatment.

At all timepoints before and after treatment, top concerns were pain, activity, and swallowing. Patients with oral cancer followed for more than 1‐year posttreatment had worse scores in appearance, chewing, pain, and speech compared to those with oropharyngeal cancer.

Conclusions

Understanding the evolving concerns of HNC patients is imperative for enhancing care. Most QoL domains improve at 1‐year posttreatment except for saliva, taste, swallowing, and shoulder function. QoL scores stabilize after 1‐year post‐treatment. Pain, activity, and swallowing remain the top concerns at all time points.
Esculin Alleviates Osteoarthritis Progression Through the Sirt1/NF‐κB Pathway
Authors: Sun Tao , Bai Bingli , Wu Haohao , Xing Hailin , Li Jian
Published: October 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA), a joint disease associated with inflammatory processes, contributes to joint destruction. Esculin (ESC) extracted from the stem bark of Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance has been shown to possess anti‐inflammatory properties. In this study, we investigated the effect of ESC on chondrocytes treated with IL‐1β and its molecular mechanism. The importance and potential mechanism of ESC in the progression of OA were evaluated. The viability of chondrocytes after exposure to ESC was examined through the CCK‐8 assays. The cells were then subjected to quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blot, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques to analyze the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and occurrence of inflammation. The NF‐κB mechanism was evaluated by western blot analysis, immunofluorescence (IF), and luciferase reporter assay. Molecular docking was performed to allow for predictions on proteins that interact with ESC. Moreover, the significance of Sirt1 was explored through a knockdown experiment based on siRNA. Micro‐computed tomography (CT), H&E, Safranin O‐Fast Green (S‐O), and immunohistochemical analyses were carried out to assess the treatment efficacy of ESC on OA in destabilization of medial meniscus (DMM) models. ESC treatment effectively inhibited ECM degradation, modulated the levels of pro‐inflammatory factors, and regulated the NF‐κB signaling in chondrocytes exposed to IL‐1β. Mechanistically, we found that ESCs bound to Sirt1 to inhibit the activity of the NF‐κB mechanism. Furthermore, ESC treatment suppressed OA progression in the DMM models. Our findings reveal that ESC ameliorates OA progression via modulating the Sirt1/NF‐κB axis. This demonstrates that ESC has the potential to be applied in the treatment of OA.
The vexing problem of akathisia
Authors: Price Lawrence H.
Published: October 2024

Sometimes, in the course of perusing the literature for articles that I think warrant coverage in the Update, I come across a worthy study that evokes a sense of déjà vu. When I investigate further, I usually find out that what I'm being reminded of is a study on the same topic from years earlier. Occasionally, it's actually the same study, and I've forgotten that we've already covered it in a previous issue (in the worst of these cases, I don't catch my error — fortunately, nothing gets by our ace managing editor, Gary Enos). Rarely, it's similar to a different study I've seen recently, but one that we didn't cover.