bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gradually Vanishing Bridge Based on Multi-Kernel Maximum Mean Discrepancy for Breast Ultrasound Image Classification
Authors: Xu Bo , Tan Cuier , Wu Ying , Li Faming
Published: July 2024

This study seeks to enhance the classification performance of breast ultrasound images, addressing the challenges of difficult and costly collection of breast ultrasound datasets as well as the discrepancies in feature distribution of the collected datasets. Performance is enhanced by using a mix of generative adversarial networks (GAN) and domain adaptive networks. First, an adaptive layer is first added to the basic model of the gradually vanishing bridge (GVB), to better match the feature distributions of the source and target domains of the dataset. The multi-kernel maximum mean discrepancy (MK-MMD), which is the most efficient of existing adaptive approaches, is implemented in the fully connected layer of the original model’s feature extraction network. Finally, through the process of fine-tuning, the model that has the highest level of overall performance is determined. In experiments, the proposed method surpassed the conventional unsupervised domain adaptation (DDC) and adversarial domain adaptation (MK_DAAN, GVB) in performance, achieving 85.11% accuracy, 97.48% recall, and 0.92 F1-score.
Robust Admissibility of Uncertain Singular Nonlinear Time-Delay Systems Based on Nonlinear Memory Feedback Control
Authors: Zhang Runzhang , Chen Wenbin , Gao Fang , Yang Shuo
Published: July 2024

Based on nonlinear memory feedback, the robust admissibility problem of a class of singular nonlinear time-delay systems was investigated. First, an equivalent structural model of the system was created using the state decomposition approach. Then, sufficient criteria for the robust admissibility of the system were obtained in the form of linear matrix inequalities using the Lyapunov–Krasovskii theory and free weighted matrix method. Subsequently, the closed-loop robust admissibility of the system under nonlinear memory feedback control was investigated using similar research techniques as before, yielding corresponding results. The intended design controller was obtained by explicitly computing each component in the deconstructed structure of the nonlinear memory feedback controller. Importantly, the flexibility and viability of the planned control design could be enhanced by the algorithm for solving controller gain through this component decomposition. Finally, numerical examples confirmed the feasibility of the method.
An Analytical Comparison of the Behavior of Machine Learning and Deep Learning in Stock Market Prediction
Authors: Abdullah Hasanen S. , Ali Nada Hussain , Jassim Ammar Hussein , Hussain Syed Hamid
Published: July 2024

يعتبر تعلم الماكنة تقنية قوية في كثير من التطبيقات مثل التصنيف، العنقدة، التمييز والتنبؤ. التعلم العميق هو تقنية تعلم ماكنة حديثة وحيوية ومتفوقة والتي تعطي اداء مبهر خصوصا مع البيانات ضحمة. التنبؤ بأسعار سوق الاوراق المالية هي عملية تحديد القيمة المستقبلية لأدوات مالية متعامل بها في السوق، لتحقيق مكاسب كبرى يجب توظيف عملية تنبؤ ناجحة ومن اجل تحقيق هذا الغرض تم استخدام تعلم الماكنة. في هذا البحث، تم اقتراح نهجين للتنبؤ بأسعار وتحركات سوق الاوراق المالية باستخدام مجموعتين بيانات، النهج الاول يوظف نموذجين تعلم ماكنة (J48 &الانحدار اللوجستي) بينما النهج الثاني يعتمد على الشبكات العصبية المتكررة (LSTM المقترحة). معمارية LSTM المقترحة صممت وتم تدريبها باستخدام محسنات كفوئة، ضبط المعلمات الفائقة واختبار معدل اسقاط مناسب لتجنب مشكلة التجهيز الزائد. الهدف من هذا البحث هو اجراء مقارنة تجريبية بين مناهج تعلم الماكنة التقليدية ( J48 &الانحدار اللوجستي )وتعلم الماكنة العميق (LSTMالمقترحة) النتائج التجريبية اظهرت ان نظام التعلم العميق المقترح LSTM تفوق على النهج الآخر (لكلا لنموذجين) ومن خلال مجموعتي البيانات بتنبؤ اسعار وحركة سوق الاوراق المالية.
Study of the Relationship for Neutron and Proton Skin Thickness on the Neutron Equation of State for 18Ne-18O Pair Mirror Nuclei
Authors: Hamza Sala Sami , Hameed Ban Sabah
Published: July 2024

في إطار نموذج القشرة، تم اعتماد الدوال الموجية أحادية الجسيم لتقريب هاتري - فوك مع تفاعلات سكيرم  مثل Skxtb, Skxs25, , Sly4وBsk9 لحساب سمك القشرة النيوتروني، ونصف قطر المرآتي ونصف قطر الشحنة المرآتية ، لزوج النوى المرآتية 18Ne-18O. تم حساب الدوال الموجية باستخدام كود نموذج القشرة NuShellX@MSU. تتأثر القيم المحسوبة لجذر متوسط ​نصف القطر المربع بنوع التفاعلات المستخدمة. كما تم تحديد طاقة التناظر وانحدارها عند كثافة التشبع النووي وازاحة طاقة النوى المراتية. تم إجراء مقارنات بين البيانات النظرية والتجريبية وتم التوصل إلى أن البيانات موصوفة بشكل جيد لهذا الزوج من النواة المرآتية.
Effect of Polyamine and Salicylic Acid on Growth and Yield of Chili Pepper Capsicum annuum L. Plant under Salt Stress
Authors: Subhi Fatima Haider , Kisko Mushtak F. Karomi
Published: July 2024

الإجهاد الملحي له اثار سلبية على نمو وانتاجية الفلفل الحريف (Capsicum annuum L.) ، ويجب زيادة تحمل النبات ليتمكن من التكيف في ظروف إجهاد الملوحة. ولهذا الغرض أجريت تجربة عاملية بثلاثة عوامل وفق تصميم القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة (RCBD) وبثلاث مكررات تضمنت التجربة ثلاثة مستويات من البولي امين P0،P1 ، P2 (0، 2، 3 ملغم.ل-1)، وثلاثة مستويات من حامض الساليسيلك A0، A1،  A2(0، 75، 150 ملغم.ل-1) ، أما العامل الثالث فيتضمن ثلاثة مستويات من ملح كلوريد الصوديوم S0، S1، S2  (0، 2000، 4000 جزء في المليون). أظهرت نتائج التجربة أن اختلاف مستويات الملوحة كان له تأثير سلبي معنوي على الصفات المظهرية وحاصل الفلفل الحار، ولوحظ ان البولي امين P2 وحامض الساليسيليك A2 كانت متفوقة حيث اعطت أعلى قيمة في العديد من الصفات المدروسة، أما عند التداخل بين البولي امين وحامض الساليسيليك فقد لوحظ أن أعلى قيمة كانت P2A2 لنفس الصفات المدروسة عند مقارنتها بمعاملة السيطرة، بينما أعطى التداخل الثلاثي P2A2S0  أعلى قيمة مقارنة مع باقي الصفات المدروسة لجميع طرق المعالجة، باختصار، تشير هذه النتائج إلى أن اضافة البولي امين وحامض الساليسيليك يمكن أن يقلل بشكل فعال من التأثير الضار للإجهاد الملحي في الفلفل الحار.
Preparation of the Compound (Y1−xPbxBa2Cu2.85La0.15O6+δ) Superconductor and Research of the Impact of Partial Substitution on the Structural Properties
Authors: Hassan Ekhlas , M.J. Haider Haider
Published: July 2024

الغرض من هذه الدراسة معرفة نسبة الاستبدال المثلى للرصاص مع الايتيريوم من خلال الخصائص التركيبية للمركبات المحضرة. تم تحضير المركب فائق التوصيل (Y1−xPbxBa2Cu2.85La0.15O6+δ) بطريقة تفاعل الحالة الصلبة (SSR). تمت دراسة تأثير الاستبدال الجزئي للرصاص على الخصائص التركيبية للمركب بنسب إستبدال (x= 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25). بضغط 7 طن لكل سنتيمتر مربع ، تم تشكيل المسحوق المتكون على شكل قرص بسمك (حوالي 0.2 سم). تم تلبيد العينات لمدة (24 ساعة) بمعدل تغير من درجة حرارة الغرفة(27 درجة مئوية) إلى (850 درجة مئوية). بالإعتماد على تحليل نتائج فحص حيود الأشعة السينية (XRD) ، تم اكتشاف أن جميع العينات تحتوي على بنية orthorhombic . ثبت أن التغيير في تراكيز الرصاص في كل عينة من عيناتنا تؤدي إلى تغير في مؤثرات الشبيكة,(c/a), dm, Tc, (a,b,c) وفجوة الطاقة. حيث تم تسجيل افضل قيم لها عند التركيز (x= 0.1)  حيث كانت قيم ثوابت الشبيكة ب وحدة الأنجستروم  (a,b,c) هي( 3.807346 , 3.886549 و11.70871 )على التوالي  ,اعلى قيمة ل(Tc) هي (112.1),قيمة الكثافة (dm) هي (6.42604 gm/cm3) ,كما كانت أعلى نسبة ل(3.075295 = c/a) وأعلى فجوة طاقة هي (Eg = 0.03384 eV) لذلك يمكننا اعتبارها  نسبة الاستبدال الأمثل ضمن ظروف هذا العمل . كما تم استخدام الفحص المجهري الإلكتروني لتحليل الصور المجهرية للمواد بتكبير عالٍ جدًا (SEM) و بقوة تكبير (5μm,200nm).
Proposed color Image Lightweight Encryption Using Salsa20 with Key Derivation Function
Authors: Talib Ebtehal , Salim Jamil Abeer , Flaih Hassan Nidaa
Published: July 2024

نظرًا للتطور الاستثنائي في إنتاج وتبادل الوسائط المتعددة عبر الشبكات غير المحمية، اصبحت الحاجة لتطوير خوارزميات تشفير موثوقة وآمنة وفعالة أكبر. تقترح هذه الورقة خوارزمية تشفير خفيفة الوزن تجمع بين Salsa20 ووظيفة اشتقاق المفتاح المستندة إلى كلمة المرور (2) PBKDF2) للصور الملونة. نظرًا لخصائص PBKDF2 مثل تعزيز أمان كلمة المرور من خلال تطبيق جولات متعددة من وظيفة عشوائية زائفة (PRF) لإنشاء المفتاح، يضيف استخدام Salt عشوائية إضافية إلى عملية اشتقاق المفتاح، لذلك يتم استخدامه لتعزيز Salsa20. ومن خلال توفير مساحة مفاتيح كبيرة، أثبت تشفير الصور خفيف الوزن الموصى به قوته ضد هجمات القوة الغاشمة. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، فإن الطريقة المقترحة قادرة على الحماية من الاختراق الإحصائي، والهجوم التفاضلي، ,والحفاظ على أمان الصورة استنادًا إلى الرسم البياني، والارتباط، وNPCR، وUACI، ومعايير الإنتروبيا. يستغرق وقت تشفير الصورة 1.3 ثانية، لذا يمكن تشغيلها على برامج الوقت الفعلي
The correlation between micro-RNA 146a and IL-17 in the serum of Iraqi patients with cystic echinococcosis
Authors: Mahmoud Nisreen shaker , Idan Ekhlas M. , Ali Muhanned K
Published: July 2024

داء المشوكات الكيسي (CE) هو مرض وبائي يسبب مرضًا خطيرًا وخسائر اقتصادية في معظم بلدان العالم. MiRNAs هي عامل جيني ضروري لتنظيم الاستجابة المناعية من خلال قدرته على التدخل في التعبير الخلوي ؛ واحد هذه الحوامض النووية الدقيقة -146 أ. هدفت الدراسة الحالية تقييم إذا كان بإمكاننا استخدام microRNA 146a كمؤشر حيوي للكشف عن    CEو تحديد العلاقة بين التعبير الجيني microRNA 146a و IL-17 في مرضى CE.حيث اشتملت الدراسة على 50 مريضًا من CE تم إدخالهم إلى المستشفى في بغداد ، العراق و 50 من الأصحاء. تم جمع المصل  للفترة من ايلول 2022 إلى حزيران 2023 . تراوحت أعمار العينات بين 20 - 55 سنة. بلغت  اعلى نسبة الاصابة بالمشوكات الكيسية عند الاشخاص الذين يعيشون بالمناطق الريفية مقارنة بالذين يعيشون في المدن الحضرية (74.00٪ و 42.00٪) ، وشكلت  الرئة العضو الأكثر إصابة (74٪) ، يليها الكبد (18٪) ، ثم الكبد والرئة معًا (8٪).  لوحظ بان التعبير الجيني لل miRNA-146a  في مرضى CE أعلى بكثير من أعضاء المجموعة الضابطة (4.33 ± 1.01 و 1.00 ± 0.23 على التوالي). هذا كما اظهرت النتائج بان مستوى IL-17  زاد بشكل ملحوظ في امصال المجموعة الضابطة 129.15 ± 4.73 نانوغرام / لتر مقارنة بالمرضى 105.99 ± 5.81 نانوغرام / لتر. الخلاصة: وفقًا للنتائج التي توصلنا إليها ،ارتفاع التعبير الجيني  miRNA-146a  في مصل مرضى CE يمكن ان يعد عاملا حيويا  في تشخيص المشوكات، وهذا  الزيادة تؤثر سلبًا بمستويات IL-17 المنخفضة مما  يؤثر ويتداخل مع الاستجابة الالتهابية لجهاز المناعة وبالنتيجة يسهم في التسبب في CE.
–Mixed Modulus of Smoothness
Authors: Kamel Rehab Amer , Bhaya Eman Samir
Published: July 2024

يعتبر معامل او مقياس النعومة من المواضيع الاساسية والمهمة في التحليل الرياضي وتطبيقاته المتعددة. حيث يستخدم قياس نعومة الدوال معامل النعومة لاستنتاج الخصائص التقريبية للدوال التي يتعذر ايجاد قيمة دقيقة لها. لمقياس النعومة دور اساسي في العديد من مجالات الرياضيات وله تطبيقات مختلفة في نظرية التقريب و في التحليل العددي وخاصة في تحليل الطرق العددية لحل المعادلات التفاضلية ومشاكل التحسين والمعادلات التكاملية و ومعدل التقارب . تناول العديد من الباحثين في دراستهم معامل النعومة لدالة ذات متغير واحد ولكن قلة من الباحثين الذين تناولوا مقياس النعومة لدالة ذات عدة متغيرات. يهدف هذا البحث الى ملئ هذه الفجوة حيث عرف مقياس نعومة مختلط جديد لدالة تنتمي لفضاء الدوال القابلة للتكامل لبيكيا ذات d من المتغيرات. كما اثبتت العديد من الخصائص الاساسية لمقياس النعومة ولكن باستخدام مقياس نعومة مختلط لدالة ذات فرق منتهي مختلط ولـ d من المتغيرات  كالخاصية الخطية والرتابة اضافة الى ذلك دراسة خاصية اساسية وهي المحدودية لدوال تنتمي لفضاء الدوال القابلة للتكامل والقياس.
Pengaruh Pembelajaran Online Terhadap Prestasi Dan Keterampilan Sosial Dilihat Dari Karakteristik Gaya Berfikir
Authors: Fauzi Mohamad Nur
Published: July 2024

Dalam penelitian ini membahas tentang pengaruh model pembelajaran online terhadap prestasi dan keterampilan sosial siswa dilihat dari karakteristik gaya berfikir. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitiaan quasi eksperiment. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes dan kuisioner. Setelah data terkumpul, selanjutnya diuji menggunakan uji manova. Adapun hasil penelitian ini adalah prestasi belajar siswa dengan karakteristik gaya berpikir AA pada pembelajaran online lebih baik daripada pembelajaran langsung, sedangkan prestasi belajar siswa dengan karakteristik Gaya berpikir  SK, SA, dan AK memiliki prestasi belajar yang sama baiknya dengan pembelajaran online dan pembelajaran langsung. Keterampilan sosial siswa SK, SA, AK, dan AA yang menggunakan pembelajaran online lebih baik daripada keterampilan sosial yang menggunakan pembelajaran langsung.
Efek Cross-Sectional Pembelajaran Berbasis Teknologi Water Filtration System Berbantuan Calculator Debit Apps: Peran Keterampilan Reflektif Berbasis Socio Scientific Issue
Authors: Ayuni Nabella Siska , Fadly Wirawan
Published: July 2024

Pembelajaran abad 21 menuntut peserta didik memiliki kemampuan berpikir reflektif. Karena dengan keterampilan reflektif peserta didik mampu mengidentifikasi masalah dan memilih alternatif atau strategi untuk menginterpretasikan suatu masalah tersebut serta mempunyai solusi yang dapat dipertanggung jawabkan. Berdasarkan hasil preliminary study kemampuan reflektif salah satu Mts di Kabupaten Ponorogo masih tergolong rendah. Berdasarkan pernyataan tersebut, peneliti menggunakan pembelajaran berbasis teknologi water filtration system dengan bantuan calculator debit apps untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir reflektif peserta didik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektivitas pembelajaran berbasis teknologi water filtration system dengan bantuan calculator debit apps untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir reflektif. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain quasi experimental. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian keterlaksaan atau aktivitas guru dalam penggunaan media ini diperoleh rata-rata 83,5% dan aktivitas peserta didik 88%, keduanya dalam kriteria sangat baik. Berdasarkan analisis ANOVA mendapatkan nila  sig. adalah 0,000 atau dikatakan lebih kecil dari 0,05. Sehingga keputusan pengujian kelas eksperimen maupun kelas kontrol terdapat perbedaan nikai rata-rata yang signifikan. Hal ini didukung dengan  uji cohen’s yang menunjukkan angka 0,81 yang memiliki efektifitas dalam kategori tinggi. Dapat disimpulkan dari penelitian bahwa pembelajaran berbasis teknologi water filtration system dengan bantuan calculator debit apps efektif dalam kategori tinggi digunakan dalam meningkatkan kemampuan reflektif peserta didik.
Pengembangan Modul Berbasis STEM 3D untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa
Authors: Sholikhah Anggi Nurma Yunita , Arif Syaiful
Published: July 2024

Pembelajaran abad 21 merupakan pembelajaran yang menekankan 4 keterampilan penting yaitu kolaborasi, berpikir kritis, komunikasi, dan kreativitas. Kemampuan berpikir kritis merupakan kemampuan yang harus dimiliki dan dikuasai siswa. Namun kemampuan berpikir kritis pada siswa masih cukup rendah. Salah satu faktor penyebab rendahnya kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa adalah media pembelajaran. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengembangkan modul 3D berbasis STEM yang berfokus pada kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa mengenai hukum pewarisan sifat di kelas IX SMP N 5 Ponorogo. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 28 siswa kelas IX SMP Negeri 5 Ponorogo. Metode penelitian yang diterapkan adalah model R&D (Research and Development) ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation & Evaluation). Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah angket validitas dari 3 orang ahli, angket respon siswa, pretest dan posttest untuk evaluasi pasca penerapan modul. Pretest dan posttest kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik yaitu N-Gain dan Paired Sample T-Test. Hasil penelitian diperoleh: 1) skor validitas akhir dari 3 ahli masing-masing sebesar 3, 22, 3,44, dan 3,33; 2) angket responsif siswa menunjukkan respon positif terhadap modul; 3) Modul berbasis 3D STEM mampu meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis dengan skor rata-rata N-Gain 0,56; 4) Uji t 2-tailed 0,000 < 0,05. Kesimpulan dari kegiatan penelitian ini adalah modul berbasis STEM 3D layak dan valid diimpementasikan serta efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dengan tingkat sedang.
Application of WASP model to assess the benefits of sewer construction on river water quality in Taoyuan City — a case study of the Dahan River, Nankan River, and Laojie River
Authors: Chen Yu-Jie , Huang Sheng-Shon , Wang Hui-Ju , Liu Chen-Wuing , Hung Su , Chang Chia-Ling
Published: July 2024

In order to improve river water quality, the most effective approach is to control pollution sources and reduce the amount of pollution discharged into rivers. This study utilizes the Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP) model to simulate the water quality of the Dahan River, Nankan River, and Laojie River in Taoyuan City. After simulating the short, medium, and long-term effects of sewer construction (i.e., household connection rates) on water quality improvement, as well as the effects of sewer construction on greenhouse gas emissions, the analysis reveals several key findings. Under government improvement schemes aimed at increasing household connection rates to sanitary sewers, the Dahan River is expected to have continuous good water quality; after 2032, due to expected increases in household connection rates, the river pollution index at the Dakuaixi Bridge monitoring station on the Nankan River is expected to improve from severely-polluted to moderately-polluted; and on the Laojie River, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) is projected to decrease at both the Zhongzheng Bridge and Xucuogang No. 1 Bridge monitoring stations. Furthermore, river water quality affects greenhouse gas emissions. Simulation results indicate that as household connection rates increase, greenhouse gas emissions along all three rivers will decrease, thereby reducing the energy demand associated with wastewater treatment facilities and benefitting long-term efforts in Taiwan geared toward achieving net zero emissions.
Seasonal and microclimatic variation of the community of Apioninae (Coleoptera: Brentidae) in a tropical rainforest of the Sierra El Madrigal in state of Tabasco, Mexico
Authors: O-López Esbeidy Jazmin De la , Cruz-Pérez Aracely De la , Luna-Cozar Jesús , Anderson Robert S. , MAY MANUEL A. HERNÁNDEZ
Published: July 2024

Apioninae (Coleoptera: Brentidae) are beetles commonly known as seed or clover weevils, and all species are phytophagous and important in natural ecosystems. The main objective of this study was to record the seasonal variation and microclimatic associations of the Apioninae community in the tropical rainforest of Tabasco, Mexico. Sampling was carried out in 12 sites of the ecosystem during an annual cycle (January-December, 2021), using the method of beating the vegetation with an entomological net. We collected 1,191 specimens belonging to 33 species and nine genera. Apion panamense Sharp, Coelocephalapion accentor (Kissinger), C. iteratum (Kissinger) and Neapion cretaceicolle (Sharp) are new records for Tabasco. The genus Trichapion (Wagner) was the most species-rich. Apionion sp2 was the most abundant species. The highest richness, abundance and diversity (1D and 2D) were recorded during the dry season. Fourteen species showed marked seasonality, of which 12 species were recorded only in the dry season and two in the north. Fluctuations in richness and abundance showed its maximum peak in April, the month with the lowest rainfall. Shaded sites had the highest richness (32 species) and abundance (861 individuals). Altitude, relative humidity, dew point temperature, temperature, wind speed and barometric pressure were the abiotic factors that influenced species distribution. The sampling coverage was 99%, indicating that most of the apionid species were documented. This study contributes to the knowledge of Apioninae by providing new ecological information on the subfamily. However, further studies of these beetles are needed to determine their geographic distribution and systematics.
The effect of family structure on the still-missing heritability and genomic prediction accuracy of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Roudbar Mahmoud Amiri , Vahedi Seyed Milad , Jin Jin , Jahangiri Mina , Lanjanian Hossein , Habibi Danial , Masjoudi Sajedeh , Riahi Parisa , Fateh Sahand Tehrani , Neshati Farideh , Zahedi Asiyeh Sadat , Moazzam-Jazi Maryam , Bonab Leila Najd Hassan , Mousavi Seyedeh Fatemeh , Asgarian Sara , Zarkesh Maryam , Moghaddas Mohammad Reza , Tenesa Albert , Kazemnejad Anoshirvan , Vahidnezhad Hassan , Hakonarson Hakon , Azizi Fereidoun , Hedayati Mehdi , Daneshpour Maryam Sadat , Akbarzadeh Mahdi
Published: July 2024

This study aims to assess the effect of familial structures on the still-missing heritability estimate and prediction accuracy of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) using pedigree estimated risk values (ERV) and genomic ERV. We used 11,818 individuals (T2D cases: 2,210) with genotype (649,932 SNPs) and pedigree information from the ongoing periodic cohort study of the Iranian population project. We considered three different familial structure scenarios, including i) all families, ii) all families with ≥ 1 generation, and iii) families with ≥ 1 generation in which both case and control individuals are presented. Comprehensive simulation strategies were implemented to quantify the difference between estimates of h2 and h2 NSP). A proportion of still-missing heritability in T2D could be explained by overestimation of pedigree-based heritability due to the presence of families with individuals having only one of the two disease statuses. Our results indicated noticeable differences in prediction accuracy for different family structures, where families with generation ≥ 1 and having both cases and controls showed the highest prediction accuracy and the highest correlation with Polygenic Risk Scores. Our findings represent the first evidence of the important contribution of familial structure for heritability estimations and genomic prediction studies in T2D.
Gut Microbiota and Kidney Function in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Participants in Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Nwaga Inès Obolo , Nzana Victorine Bandolo , Bughe Rhoda Nsen , Dah Isaac , Cheboh Cho-Fon , Mahamat Maimouna , Ndjong Emmanuelle , Nono Aristide , Mballa Jean Claude , Abongwa Acho-Fon , Moor Vicky Ama , Mbacham Wilfred Fon , Kaze François Folefack
Published: July 2024

Background and hypothesis:
Gut dysbiosis characterized by an imbalance in pathobionts (Enterobacter, Escherichia and Salmonella) and symbionts (Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Prevotella) can occur during chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. We evaluated the associations between representative symbionts (Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) and pathobionts (Enterobacteriaceae) with kidney function in persons with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 29 ADPKD patients were matched to 15 controls at a 2:1 ratio. Clinical data and biological samples were collected. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated from the serum creatinine concentration using the 2009 Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. Microbial DNA extracted from stool specimens and amplified by qPCR was used to quantify Enterobacteriaceae, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus abundance. Differences between ADPKD subgroups and controls were assessed using nonparametric tests.
Results
The mean age (SD) of the 44 participants was 40.65 (± 11.9) years. Among the participants with ADPKD, 62.1% experienced flank pain, and 48.3% had hypertension. Their median eGFR [IQR] was 74.4 [51.2–94.6] ml/min/1.73 m2. All stool samples had Enterobacteriaceae. Lactobacillus abundance was lower in ADPKD participants with more pronounced kidney function decline (CKD G3-5: 0.58 ng/µL) than in those with milder damage and controls (G1-2: 0.64 ng/µL, p = 0.047; controls: 0.71 ng/µL, p = 0.043), while Enterobacteriaceae abundance was greater in ADPKD patients with lower kidney function (CKD G3-5: 78.6 ng/µL) than in the other two groups (G1-2: 71.6 ng/µL, p = 0.048; controls: 70.5 ng/µL, p = 0.045).
Conclusion
Decreased kidney function was associated with decreased symbiont and increased pathobiont abundance in ADPKD patients, suggesting a potential role for the microbiota in disease progression and possible targets for further research.
Trial registration
: Not applicable
Highly prevalent pulmonary perfusion defect in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Marin Flávia Luiza , Moriguchi Sonia Marta , Koga Katia Hiromoto , Prudente Robson Aparecido , Malagutte Karina Nogueira Dias Secco , Bazan Silmeia Garcia Zanati , Martin Luis Cuadrado , Yoo Hugo Hyung Bok
Published: July 2024

Objective
Evaluate pulmonary function, functional capacity, profile, and clinical aspects in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with chronic pulmonary thromboembolism (CPTE) and correlate them with pulmonary perfusion defect (PPD).
Methods
A cross-sectional study from March 2018 to December 2019, with retrospective electronic data retrieval. 72 consecutive outpatients with SLE underwent chest radiography and lung perfusion (Q) scan. PPD was calculated by the Meyer et al. criteria. Data from spirometry, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) and New York Heart Association (NYHA) class results were compared with reference.
Results
Patients studied were divided into groups, PPD < 10% (n = 32; 2,3 ± 3%) and PPD ≥ 10% (n = 35; 24 ± 12%). Univariate analysis included: the ratio of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1)/ forced vital capacity, FEV1, anti-RO/SSA, chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis. Linear regression analysis showed lupus nephritis as an independent predictor inversely associated with PPD ≥ 10% (OR: 0,23; CI: 0,06 − 0,85; p = 0,02). There was no correlation between the extension of PPD and right ventricular function assessed by TTE and functional parameters (6MWD and NYHA class).
Conclusion
SLE is an important risk factor for CPTE, we found high percentage (73%) of PPD on (Q) scan in outpatients with SLE without previous lung disease. Furthermore, PPD ≥ 10% occurred in more than half of the sample (52%), which is the clinically relevant cut-off point. Lupus nephritis is a protective factor possibly related to more aggressive immunosuppressive treatment, which leads to considering an inflammatory factor in CPTE in these patients.
Ideal carrier multiplication in monolayer MoSe2
Authors: Kim Ji-Hee , Kim Joonsoo , Min Hong-Guk , Park Sehwan , Park Jin Cheol , Bang Junhyeok , Kim Youngkuk
Published: July 2024

Carrier multiplication (CM), the process of generating multiple charge carriers from a single photon, offers an opportunity to exceed the Shockley-Queisser limit for solar cell efficiency. However, realizing significant efficiency improvements through CM in traditional semiconductors has proven challenging, necessitating fine-tuning of material properties. In this study, we utilize ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy to demonstrate that monolayer MoSe2 can achieve the theoretical maximum CM efficiency allowed by energy-momentum conservation laws. By resolving the spatiotemporal dynamics of hot carriers and employing first-principles calculations, we identify the cornerstone of optimal CM in MoSe2: superior hot carrier dynamics characterized by effective suppression of energy loss via carrier-lattice scattering, and the availability of abundant CM pathways facilitated by 2Eg band nesting. Our findings position monolayer MoSe2 as an exceptional candidate for advanced optoelectronic applications and as a pivotal platform for exploring quantum hot carrier dynamics.
Analysis of Mechanical and Microstructural properties of Electron Beam Welded dissimilar Ferrous alloys
Authors: Singh Shailendra , Singh Rajnish
Published: July 2024

Electron Beam Welding (EBW) is an important welding process in the present scenario. It is applied to various fields, including the fabrication of difficult-to-weld materials in the engineering, aerospace, and automobile industries. It can weld similar and dissimilar material with fine Heat-affected zones and produces high-strength joints. The joining of dissimilar materials becomes very easy through the EBW route. The EBW welded samples achieved a high depth-to-width ratio & focused accurately on the area to be welded. Therefore, it minimizes the area of the heat-affected zone (HAZ). In this work, the study focused on optimizing the process parameters of EBW welding parameters like current, voltage, welding speed for strength, and hardness of weld bead. The materials selected were mild steel and EN8. A Taguchi technique-based experiment has been used to find the data. Then, welding parameters are optimized to get optimum strength, hardness on the weld bead, and hardness on the heat-affected zone of the welded joint. The Optimized tensile strength was 600MPa, at Voltage = 50KV, Beam Current = 4 mA, and welding speed = 75 mm/min. The weld bead hardness was 146.4 HV, at Voltage = 50KV, Beam Current = 4 mA, and welding speed = 75 mm/min at optimized conditions. The Optimized hardness on HAZ is 163.23 HV on EN-8 & 160.43 HV on Mild steel at Voltage = 45KV, Beam Current = 4 mA, and welding speed = 50 mm/min.
Predictive Modeling of Under-Five Mortality Determinants using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Saroj Rakesh , Yadav Pawan , Visi Vizovonuo
Published: July 2024

Background
Under-five mortality is one of the major public health issues and directly influences the population’s health, social development, and economic status of countries. Thus, early detection is essential to find what efficient prevention can take to save it. Therefore, this study will explain how machine-learning techniques can help predict the important determinants of under-five mortality in India.
Methods
This study used data from the National Family Health Survey-V of India. We performed the tenfold cross-validation to assess the model’s capability in the dataset. The decision tree, random forest, logistic regression, neural network, ridge regression, k-nearest neighbor, and naive Bayes models were used in under-five mortality data, and metrics like confusion matrix, accuracy, recall, precision, F1-score, Cohen kappa, and the area under receiver operative characteristics (AUROC) were used to assess the predictive power of the models. The chi-square scores, recursive feature elimination, extra tree classifier, random forest importance, sequential feature selector, and traditional logistic regression were used to predict the important features(factors) of under-five mortality. All computational algorithms were done with the help of SPSS-27 and Jupiter notebook (inbuilt Python 3.3) software.
Result
The result reveals that the random forest model was the best predictive model compared to other ML models for under-five mortality. The Random Forest model’s precision was estimated to be 98.88% for all factors and 96.25% for important selected variables. After that, neural network accuracy was 96.52%, and accuracy was 94.83% with important variables. Traditional logistic regression accuracy was 93.99% and 93.51%, respectively. The number of living children, breastfeeding status, birth in the last five years, children ever born, time, antenatal care, region, size of children, number of household members, and birth order, were important factors of under-five mortality after using the feature selection methods.
Conclusions
This is the first study of India to use machine learning approaches to find the important ML predictive model and determine the causative factors for under-five mortality. The random forest model predicted the most important factors with the highest accuracy of under-five mortality. This machine-learning approach can be used as reference concepts to understand students, non-computing professionals, healthcare professionals, and decision-makers in various real-world situations and application areas, particularly from the technical point of view.
Assessing climate variability and its correlation with regional air pollution in Chhattisgarh, India utilizing Google Earth Engine (GEE)
Authors: SINGH LEELAMBAR , MUNDETIA NITIKA , TRIPATHI RAVINDRA NATH
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the spatiotemporal dynamics of key atmospheric pollutants and environmental variables in Chhattisgarh using satellite remote sensing data from 2019 to 2023. The dataset includes parameters such as Land Surface Temperature (LST), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), rainfall, and concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), methane (CH4), ozone (O3), and UV aerosol index (AI) with the help of Google Earth Engine (GEE) algorithms. Analysis revealed distinct seasonal patterns, with the highest rainfall recorded during the monsoon season, predominantly in the southern region, and elevated LST values observed in the central region during pre-monsoon months. Furthermore, CO concentrations peaked (0.057 mol/m2) during the pre-monsoon season, particularly in industrial zones, while NO2 levels were highest in the central region across all seasons. SO2 concentrations exhibited spatial variability, with peaks (0.00204 mol/m2) in the post-monsoon period, primarily attributed to industrial activities. CH4 concentrations were higher during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons, with anomalies observed in 2023. O3 levels showed a seasonal variation, with higher (0.1289 mol/m2) concentrations during pre-monsoon months, especially in the northern region. The UV aerosol index was highest during the monsoon season, attributed to increased moisture and biomass burning. Correlation analysis revealed associations between pollutants and environmental variables, indicating potential sources and interactions. These findings contribute to understanding regional air quality dynamics and informing targeted mitigation strategies for sustainable environmental management in Chhattisgarh.
The DUF1127 containing protein and ProQ had opposite effects on biofilm formation in Vibrio alginolyticus
Authors: Feng Ruonan , Chen Ying , Chen Tongxian , Hu Zhong , Peng Tao
Published: July 2024

RNA binding protein plays an important role in gene regulation on post transcription level. In this study, functions of the DUF1127containing protein and ProQ, which were considered as RNA binding proteins, were revealed in Vibrio alginolyticus. The results showed that an increase ability of biofilm formation was observed by DUF1127 deletion, while ProQ deletion resulted in a less amount of biofilm detected. Moreover, the extracellular proteinase secreted was significantly reduced in DUF1127 deletion strain and ProQ can help the cell to defense oxidative stress. The data of RNA-seq showed the expressions of genes involved in the secretion of extracellular proteases were significantly downregulated and also the genes related to the synthesis of biofilm, such as rbsB, alsS, exhibited differential expression in DUF1127 deletion strain. The expressions of genes involved in biofilm synthesis (flgC, flgE), virulence (betB, hutG), and oxidative stress were affected by ProQ. Moreover, various regulators, such as LysR, BetI, whose mRNA level were affected by the DUF1127 protein and ProQ. Overall, our study showed that the DUF1127 protein and ProQ had important functions in biofilm formation in Vibrio alginolyticus.
The effect of tacrolimus combined with mycophenolate mofetil or cyclophosphamide on renal response in systemic lupus erythematosus patients
Authors: Sun Siqin , Zhang Xueyi , Guo Qingqing , Tang Xiaojun , Shen Wei , Liang Jun , Yao Genhong , Geng Linyu , Ding Shuai , Chen Hongwei , Wang Hong , Hua Bingzhu , Zhang Huayong , Feng Xuebing , Jin Ziyi , Sun Lingyun
Published: July 2024

Objective
This study aimed to determine the therapeutic effect of tacrolimus (TAC) and its combination with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) or cyclophosphamide (CYC) on the complete response (CR) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
Methods
A retrospective cohort study based on medical data was conducted among SLE patients taking at least one of TAC, MMF and CYC during 2010–2021. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated and multiplicative interactions were estimated using logistic regression models.
Results
Among 793 SLE patients, 27.9% (221 cases) patients achieved CR after at least 3 months. TAC use was positively associated with CR with adjusted OR (95% CI) of 2.82(1.89, 4.22) in overall, as well as in subgroups of SLE patients with SLEDAI score > 12, moderate or severe urinary protein and comorbidities. The dose-response effect on CR was further observed at the dose of TAC more than 4 mg/d and more than 180 days, with adjusted OR (95% CI) of 5.65(2.35, 13.55), and 3.60(2.02, 6.41) respectively. Moreover, the combined effect of TAC with MMF or CYC was better than monotherapy with the significant multiplicative interaction, with adjusted OR (95% CI) of 2.43(1.20,4.92) and 3.14(1.49,6.64), respectively, and similar results were also observed for the combination of different doses of TAC with MMF or CYC.
Conclusion
TAC can effectively alleviate the condition of patients with SLE and may interact with MMF or CYC, suggesting that the combination therapy of TAC with MMF or CYC may produce greater benefits for patients with SLE.
Trial registration:
This is a purely observational study that does not require registration.
Histopathological assessment to detect colorectal ovarian micrometastasis following prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy in postmenopausal patients
Authors: Zon Jasper van , Heijmans Margot , Bosch Steven , Bloemen Johanne , Leclercq Wouter , Roumen Rudi
Published: July 2024

Purpose
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies and often leads to metastatic disease. Ovarian metastasis occurs in approximately 4% of all female CRC patients. Metastatic disease recurrence after intentional curative resection of primary colorectal tumour could be explained by the presence of micrometastases. The present study aims to investigate the prevalence of CRC (micro)metastases in tubo-ovarian tissue following prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy (PSO) in postmenopausal patients.
Methods
Analyses of both adnexa of postmenopausal CRC patients who underwent primary tumour resection and concurrent PSO were conducted retrospectively. Tissue blocks with Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ovarian tissue were sectioned at 5 levels and both routine histopathological and additional immunohistochemical staining for CK20 and CDx2 were performed. The primary outcome measure was incidence of CRC micrometastases (%).
Results
Ovaries of 100 consecutive CRC patients who underwent surgery at two Dutch teaching hospitals were analysed [age 72.7 ± 7.6 years, pT0-2 (43%) and pN0 (65%)]. Overall, ovarian malignancies were found in 4% of patients. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed no additional CRC (micro)metastases.
Conclusion
Additional immunohistochemical assessment did not reveal CRC ovarian (micro)metastases in an unselected patient cohort. The absence of micrometastases could be attributed to patient selection criteria and/or sampling error. Future research should focus on identifying a subgroup at high risk of developing ovarian metastasis and on improvement of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Single Organic Electrochemical Neuron Capable of Anticoincidence Detection
Authors: Fabiano Simone , Harikesh Padinhare Cholakkal , Wu Han-Yan , Yang Chi-Yuan , Tu Deyu
Published: July 2024

Emulating complex neural computations like solving linearly inseparable data within single artificial neurons has remained an elusive goal in neuromorphic engineering. Here, we report an unprecedented dendritic organic electrochemical neuron (d-OECN) capable of achieving anticoincidence detection by classifying the exclusive-OR (XOR) problem - a quintessential linearly inseparable task - within an individual neuron. Inspired by human cortical neurons that perform XOR through dendritic calcium spikes, the d-OECN leverages ion-tunable anti-ambipolarity in mixed ionic-electronic conducting polymers to mimic voltage-gated dendritic calcium dynamics. Integrating this dendritic component with a tunable spiking neuron soma, the d-OECN successfully solves XOR via its inherent nonlinear activation profile. Crucially, the decision boundaries of the classification are ionically and electrically tunable. This d-OECN, replicating sophisticated biological intelligence, constitutes a major neuromorphic advance paving the way for next-generation bioelectronics and robotics requiring complex neural computation.
Breast tumor segmentation in ultrasound using distance-adapted fuzzy connectedness, convolutional neural network, and active contour
Authors: Biesok Marta , Juszczyk Jan , Badura Paweł
Published: July 2024

This study addresses computer-aided breast cancer diagnosis through a hybrid framework for breast tumor segmentation in ultrasound images. The core of the three-stage method is based on the autoencoder convolutional neural network. In the first stage, we prepare a hybrid pseudo-color image through multiple instances of fuzzy connectedness analysis with a novel distance-adapted fuzzy affinity. After the hybrid image is processed by the deep network, we adjust the segmentation outcome with the Chan-Vese active contour model. We find the idea of incorporating fuzzy connectedness into the input data preparation for deep-learning image analysis our main contribution to the study. The method is trained and validated using a combined dataset of 993 breast ultrasound images from three public collections. The experiments address essential settings and hyperparameters of the method, e.g., the network architecture, input image size, and active contour setup. The tumor segmentation reaches a median Dice index of 0.86 (mean at 0.79) over the combined database. We refer our results to the most recent state-of-the-art using the same datasets, finding our model comparable in segmentation performance.
OSI Network Layers Based Secured Data Sharins in Cloud Computing Using STXORSK-QC and Dhdecct-MAC
Authors: TIWARI CHANDRA SHEKHAR , JHA VIJAY KUMAR
Published: July 2024

Cloud computing, which acts as a service tool to internet users, has numerous data sources. The data from users should be stored and shared securely. Data security regarding Open System Interconnection (OSI) network layers was not concentrated by any of the existing works. Hence, a secured data sharing in the OSI model is proposed in this paper. Primarily, the data owner registers in the Application Layer and logs in to access the cloud. Then, with the help of preprocessing, optimal feature selection using the Bernoulli Distribution Lyrebird Optimization Algorithm (BD-LOA), and classification using Beltrami-coefficient Rectified Linear Unit-Long Short Term Memory (BR-LSTM), the Uniform Resource Locator (URL) link is verified in the Presentation Layer. Now, the data is uploaded to the cloud via the legitimate site. Here, using Security Token XOR Session Key Quantum Cryptography (STXORSK-QC), the data is secured in the Authorization Layer. Then, in the Network Layer, the IP address of the user is spoofed by the Knuth shuffle technique. Now, the data is uploaded to the Physical Layer using 2’s Complement Grøstl Hashing Algorithm (2CGHA) after balancing the loads of multiple requests using BD-LOA in the Transport Layer. In the meantime, by using the Diffie Hellman Digit Folding Caesar Cipher Text-Message Authentication Code (DHDFCCT-MAC) algorithm, the user verification is done. The data to be downloaded in the Data Link Layer is checked by the verified user. The user downloads the data if it is not attacked. Therefore, the proposed system uploaded the data with a 98.03% security level and classified the data attack with 99.15% accuracy, thus showing superior performance than the existing works.
A Multilevel Analysis of Factors Associated with Minimum Dietary Diversity Among Children Aged 6–23 Months in Lesotho: A Lesotho Multiple Cluster Study Of 2018
Authors: Leseba Nthatisi , Vermaak Kerry , Makatjane Tiisetso
Published: July 2024

Background
Adequately diversified nutrition during infancy and childhood is fundamental in the development and optimal growth of the child. Globally, complex, and intertwined determinants of minimum dietary diversity (MDD) have been explored at individual, household, and community level but, not in Lesotho. The objective of the study was to investigate the determinants of minimum dietary diversity at the individual, household, and community level.
Methods
We conducted a multilevel logistic regression using data from the Lesotho Multiple Cluster Indicator Study of 2018. The variables used in the analysis were informed by the UNICEF conceptual framework on maternal and malnutrition. MDD was defined as receiving 4 or more different food groups in the previous 24 hours.
Results
Only 40.5% (CI: 36.7, 44.5) of the children aged 6–23 months received MDD in 2018. At an immediate individual level: child age and weight at birth were determinants of MDD. At the underlying or household level: household wealth, maternal education, and maternal residential status were determinants of MDD. Community food security, the proportion of women and men in the community who have completed their education, community poverty, and the proportion of women in the community with media exposure were determinants of MDD at a basic or community level.
Conclusion
There is evidence of variability in the data in relation to MDD at community level. It also shows that community knowledge and information sharing is important in improving MDD in Lesotho. Therefore, strategies and programs to improve MDD nationwide should be done at community level.
Research on Technological Hotspots and Trends of Digitalization of Standard Based on Keyword Co-occurrence Atlas
Authors: Niu Nana , Liu Xize , Wang Yiyi , Zhang Bingyan , Li Jingsheng
Published: July 2024

With the continuous advancement of the process of industrial digitalization, standards, as one of the elements of industrial development, will be closely intertwined with digitalization, have a profound impact on technology, industry and society, and jointly promote the development of sustainable ecology. Based on the Technology Breakdown Theory and CiteSpace tools, this study collected the literature data of journal papers and standards related to digitalization of standard published from 2017 to 2021, and made a keyword co-occurrence atlas analysis on five key technical topics related to digitalization of standard, semantic web, digital model, open source and virtual reality enhancement. It identifies new technological hotspots in standard content generation, standardization modes, and applications of standards. New trends in evolution of the standard itself, the development of the standardization ecosystem, and governance in the context of the new technologies are summarized, including structuring, semanticization and machine language representation of the content; open source technologies make standards more open, shareable, and intelligent; digital technologies brings new governance challenges in the field of standardization. This study systematically compiles and prospects the technological hotspots and trends of digitalization of standard, and supports the formation of related technical routes and risk response plans by data analysis.
Transthoracic Elastography in Differentiation of Lung Lesions in Dogs
Authors: Lima Bruna Bressianini , Carneiro Rafael Kretzer , Miranda Brenda Santos Pompeu , Gasser Beatriz , Aires Luiz Paulo Nogueira , Uscategui Ricardo Andrés Ramirez , Lacreta Antônio Carlos Cunha , Doiche Danuta Pulz , Feliciano Marcus Antônio Rossi
Published: July 2024

The objective of this study was to evaluate the applicability of ARFI elastography in 36 prospective cases in differentiating parenchymal lung abnormalities in dogs: consolidations, atelectasis and neoplasms, the latter being subdivided into nodules and masses; and correlates the data obtained by the technique with B-mode ultrasound parameters, cytology results, histopathology and information from the analysis of pleural effusions when present, in addition to clinical data, indicating cut-off values in dogs. Characteristics of lung lesions were evaluated using radiography as a screening test to locate the lesions and B-mode ultrasound. Subsequently, elastographic characteristics (qualitative and quantitative) were evaluated. B-mode ultrasound assessments and qualitative elastography were not statistically demonstrated in the parameters studied to differentiate between malignant and benign lesions (p > 0.05); while in the quantitative elastographic evaluation, less atelectatic lesions (1.48 m/s) were affected when compared to nodules (2.84 m/s), consolidations (2.94 m/s) and masses (3.12 m/s), in ascending order of complaint, demonstrating statistical significance (p = 0.023), even though a diagnostic cut-off value was not obtained. It is concluded that ARFI can contribute to the differentiation of lung lesions, complementing clinical data in the evaluation of dogs.