bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sistem Ekonomi (Islam) dan Pelarangan Riba dalam Perspektif Historis
Authors: Budiantoro Risanda Alirastra , Sasmita Riesanda Najmi , Widiastuti Tika
Published: April 2018

Allah has given the guidance in the form of Islam for Muslim to take and lead all the aspects of life including the economic activity. The Islamic economic system is believed to be the answer of the economic problems that exist at this time. The goal is to achieve falah in kaffah by not doing some economic activities that are in violation as prescribed by Islam. For example is riba. Discourse on riba can be said "classical" both in the development of Islamic thought and in Islamic civilization because riba often occurs in all aspects of public life, especially economic transactions (in Islam called muamalah). Riba is an additional retrieval, either in a sale and purchase transaction or lending in a false or contrary to the principle of muamalah in Islam. Prohibition of riba is obtained from various sources by the Qur'an and Hadith Rasulullah SAW, so the scholars firmly and clearly defined the prohibition of riba because there are exploitative elements that can harm the others. So, this study is aimed to identif yIslamic economic system and the prohibition of riba in historical perspective. From the results of this study is expected to be a good reference for the reader to understand the Islamic economic system and riba in the future.Saran sitasi: Budiantoro, R., Sasmita, R., & Widiastuti, T. (2018). Sistem Ekonomi (Islam) dan Pelarangan Riba dalam Perspektif Historis. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 4(01), 1-13. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v4i1.138
The EFFECT OF SUPERVISION, INTEGRITY AND TRUST ON PUBLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS’ WORK EFFECTIVENESS IN CENTRAL JAKARTA REGION
Authors: Mardiana Rita
Published: April 2018

The research was motivated by the marks of Junior High School students from Central Jakarta are lower than other students from other Jakarta areas, which is suspected as the impact of the lack of effectiveness of teacher’s work. This research aims to determine whether or not the influence of supervision, integrity and trust on the effectiveness of teachers in Public Junior High School in Central Jakarta region. Survey method was used with quantitative research using path analysis to analyze the influence of one variable to other variables. The sample in this research were 114 teachers with civil servant status at Public Junior High School  in Central Jakarta region which was taken at random. The results of data analysis show that supervision, integrity, and trust have a direct positive effect on the effectiveness of teachers of Public Junior High School in Central Jakarta region.
DISTRIBUTED ECONOMIES THROUGH OPEN DESIGN AND DIGITAL MANUFACTURING
Authors: Perez Iana Uliana , Dos Santos Aguinaldo
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this paper is 1) to analyze the potential digital manufacturing technologies and open design have to achieve a distributed economy and 2) to identify the limits and possibilities of digital manufacturing and open design in relation to the principles of Design for Sustainability applied to the clothing sector. The method used was bibliographic review. This paper emphasizes the benefits of distributed economies on attempting design for sustainability principles. Then, it discusses the relation between open design and digital manufacturing with distributed economies. We argue that open design and digital manufacturing have the potential to reduce the impacts caused by the clothing sector, but we emphasize that both strategies per se do not lead to a more sustainable scenario.
KINALIZADE ALİ EFENDİ’NİN AHLAK-I ALAİ (DEVLET VE AİLE AHLAKI) ADLI ESERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: SAKLI Ali Rıza
Published: April 2018

Bu bir kitap değerlendirmesidir.
Influencia del cambio climático en el desarrollo de plagas y enfermedades de cultivos en Sonora
Authors: Grageda Grageda José , Ruiz Corral José Ariel , Jiménez Lagunes Alejandro , Fu Castillo Agustín Alberto
Published: April 2018

El calentamiento del sistema climático es claro, así lo demuestran los aumentos del promedio mundial de la temperatura tanto del aire como del océano. Particularmente, los cultivos pueden verse favorecidos por los aumentos de bióxido de carbono atmosférico; que ayudan a optimizar el proceso fotosintético. Sin embargo, un aumento de la temperatura podría generar también las condiciones propicias para el desarrollo de diversas plagas y enfermedades. Esto podría afectar entre el 12 y el 13% del rendimiento en los ocho cultivos de mayor importancia para la alimentación y la industria, los cuales ocupan más de la mitad de la superficie cultivada en el mundo. En este estudio se caracterizó y cuantificó el impacto del cambio climático sobre las condiciones favorables para la infección de enfermedades como roya de la hoja (Puccinia triticina) y roya lineal (P. striiformis f. sp. tritici) en trigo y sobre las poblaciones de la plaga llamada gusano barrenador de la nuez Acrobasis nuxvorella en nogal pecanero. Los datos utilizados fueron los publicados por el grupo interdisciplinario que conforman el Laboratorio Nacional Lawrence Livermore, el Programa de Aplicaciones California Nevada, la Central Climática y la Universidad de Santa Clara en Estados Unidos de América. Se utilizaron las salidas de los años 2020 y 2050 para el modelo de circulación general de la atmósfera conocido como ECHAM (http://www.ipcc-data.org/ar4/model- CCCMA-CGCM3_1-T47-change.html). Los mapas de 2010 se hicieron por personal del SIAFESON con datos de la red de estaciones meteorológicas de Sonora (www.agroson. org.mx). Los resultados evidencian un incremento de 100% en los días con condiciones favorables para roya de la hoja (pasando de 60 a 120 días con condiciones favorables). Para la roya lineal, el incremento de la temperatura plantea un escenario no favorable para su desarrollo. En el caso del gusano barrenador de la nuez, se observa un incremento en el número de generaciones (promedio de 5.4 a 6) como una consecuencia clara de un mayor número de unidades calor.
Posibilidades de turismo social en espacios rurales: estudio en la sierra nororiente de Puebla, México
Authors: Juárez Sánchez José Pedro , Ramírez Valverde Benito
Published: April 2018

En México, uno de los principales problemas es la persistencia de la población en condiciones de pobreza y en especial la que habita el medio rural. Paralelamente se tienen avances económicos, en particular en el sector turístico. Sin embargo, dicha actividad es practicada generalmente por personas con ingresos importantes y margina a la población y carente de prestaciones de tipo social. En términos generales el turismo se practica por un segmento de población con mayores ingresos y margina a la población de menores recursos y carentes de prestaciones de tipo social. El objetivo de la investigación, fue conocer las prácticas y oportunidades de ocio de las personas de bajos ingresos económicos productoras de café. Se aplicaron 212 cuestionarios a productores de cinco municipios de la sierra nororiente del estado de Puebla. Los entrevistados se ubicaron dentro del turismo senior. Se encontró que un importante porcentaje de productores que tiene deseos de conocer otros lugares, destacando los espacios religiosos. Sin embargo, ante sus escasos ingresos económicos, la posibilidad de realizar esta actividad es difícil. Los agricultores consideran importante conocer otros lugares, y mencionan que requieren financiamiento. La promoción del turismo social puede ser una estrategia para impulsar el desarrollo local, pero se requiere una política social de apoyo a las actividades de esparcimiento a la población con menores recursos.
Metabolitos secundarios y clorofilas en cempasúchil en respuesta a estrés salino
Authors: Peralta-Sánchez Ma. Guadalupe , Trejo-Téllez Libia Iris , Gómez-Merino Fernando Carlos , Rodríguez- Mendoza Ma. de las Nieves , Serrato-Cruz Miguel Ángel , García-Albarado J. Cruz
Published: April 2018

Factores de estrés bióticos y abióticos tienen inf luencia en la biosíntesis de metabolitos secundarios en algunas especies medicinales. En este sentido, se ha reportado que el estrés salino altera las propiedades bioquímicas de un gran número de cultivos. En este contexto, esta investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto del tratamiento que dos niveles de NaCl (10 y 47 mM) adicionados a la solución nutritiva, ocasionan en plantas de cempasúchil (Tagetes erecta Linn) var. Inca, en fase de floración. La concentración de carotenoides y f lavonoides fue evaluada en f lores. En hojas, flores, tallos y raíces se realizó identificación de aceites esenciales y se hizo una cuantificación cualitativa de éstos. En hojas, se determinó la concentración de clorofilas a, b y total. La concentración alta de NaCl evaluada, redujo en 26.7 y 27.9% las concentraciones de carotenoides y f lavonoides totales en f lores. Las concentraciones de clorof ilas a y total no fueron afectadas por el nivel de salinidad; mientras que la concentración de clorofila b fue incrementada significativamente con el suministro de 47 mM de NaCl. Se identificaron siete constituyentes esenciales en aceite proveniente de hojas de plantas tratadas con 10 mM NaCl; mientras que solo cuatro, cuando la concentración de NaCl aumentó; por el contrario, un mayor número de compuestos fue identificado en tallos y raíces con 47 mM NaCl. Destaca la presencia de farneseno en f lores, solo con el nivel alto de NaCl suministrado.
Orquídeas con potencial turístico en manglares del “Ejido Aquiles Serdán”, Paraíso, Tabasco
Authors: Gerónimo Javier Juan José , Sol Sánchez Ángel , Pérez Flores Julián , Del Rivero Bautista Nydia
Published: April 2018

El presente trabajo se realizó en el ecosistema de manglar del Ejido Aquiles Serdán, Paraíso. Tabasco, México, de agosto de 2009 a enero de 2010, con el objetivo de identif icar y cuantif icar la riqueza y la diversidad de la flora orquideológica con potencial Turístico. Se trazaron cuatro unidades de muestreo de 500 m2 (10 x 50 m) y cuatro transeptos lineales de 600 m para colectar y fotografiar las plantas. La riqueza y diversidad de las especies de orquídeas, se calculó mediante los índices de Shannon-Weaner (1949) y el de similitud de Sörensen (1948). La selección de las especies con mayor aptitud y potencial turístico se realizó a través de la evaluación de parámetros morfológicos, estéticos, perceptivos y fotografías. Se identificaron 47 ejemplares de Brassavola nodosa (L.) Lindl, 10 ejemplares de Catasetum integerrimun Hook, 17 ejemplares de Encyclia boothiana Lindl, cinco de Epidendrum rigidum Jacq, cinco de Myrmecophylla tibiscinis Bateman y cinco de Oncidium cavendischianum Bateman. El índice de Shannon- Weaner (1.2334), indica que no se encontró homogeneidad en la distribución entre los individuos y las especies. El índice de Sörensen indico que los transectos A-D presentaron el valor más bajo de especies comunes (28%) y los transectos C-D presentaron el valor más alto (80%). Con base en las características morfológicas evaluadas la especie que obtuvo el mayor valor de 19.8 fue Myrmecophyla tibiscinis Bateman.
Componentes relacionados con la salud en semillas de frijol de plantas crecidas bajo riego y estrés hídrico terminal
Authors: Herrera Hernández María Guadalupe , Acosta Gallegos Jorge Alberto , Salinas Pérez Rafael A. , Bernardo Casas Ana María , Guzmán Maldonado Salvador Horacio
Published: April 2018

Es reducido el conocimiento sobre los efectos del estrés hídrico sobre los constituyentes del grano de frijol. Se estableció un experimento con ocho genotipos de frijol de diferente origen genético en dos regiones contrastantes (Celaya, Guanajuato y Ahome, Sinaloa) durante 2007-2008. Las plantas fueron crecidas bajo irrigación y estrés hídrico terminal. Se cuantificaron los fenoles totales, taninos condensados y oligosacáridos en semilla cruda y cocida. Independiente de los factores en estudio, la cocción disminuyó los compuestos determinados (p< 0.01). La semilla cosechada en Sinaloa sembrada bajo estrés hídrico, mostró mayor contenido de fenoles totales; mientras que la cosechada bajo riego en Guanajuato, mostró mayor contenido de taninos condensados y oligosacáridos. Para fenoles totales y taninos condensados, la semilla de los cultivares de la raza Jalisco, de color rosa, fueron superiores a la de frijol Pinto de raza Durango y Amarilla de raza Nueva Granada. En oligosacáridos, la semilla de los cultivares pintos y Amarillos mostró mayor contenido que la semilla de color rosa. Entre los pintos, Zapata fue superior a Saltillo en el contenido de fenoles totales y taninos condensados. No se observó tendencia definida en el contenido de oligosacáridos entre los genotipos de frijol en respuesta al estrés hídrico terminal. El estrés hídrico terminal mostró un efecto específico sobre los fenoles totales; mientras que el riego lo tuvo para los taninos condensados y los oligosacáridos. La semilla cosechada en Sinaloa mostró mayor contenido en los componentes estudiados, que la semilla cosechada en Guanajuato. La sequía terminal tuvo un efecto específico de localidad y genotipo en el contenido de componentes en semilla cruda.
Effects of spatial scale and vegetation cover on predation of artificial ground nests
Authors: Huhta Esa
Published: April 2018

Scale‐dependent effects of landscape heterogeneity on predation of artificial ground nests were studied. Two spatial scales were selected: landscape grain size and single stand size. The landscape types did not differ from each other in their total predation intensity. Depredation was highest in larger stands in all the landscape types studied and the highest predation rate was detected in the largest stands within the most fragmented landscapes. This is possibly due to concentration of rodent‐eating predators from surrounding open areas into large stands in the study year when their main prey, voles, crashed. In crash years, alternative predation on e.g. forest bird nests may play an important role for these predators. The influence of predators concentrating into forest stands is expected to be especially strong in landscapes of fine grain size because such a landscape contains relatively more open areas. The predation rate was independent of the distance of nests from the edges of forestry roads. Direct cover (a branch) placed above dummy nests improved the survival rate of these nests. However, tree canopy cover only had a slight effect on the predation rate. The lacking impact of canopy cover on nest predation may be due to the openness of the northern pine forests which makes it particularly easy for predators to discover dummy nests on the ground.
Patterns of spread of a reintroduced beaverCastor fiberpopulation in Sweden
Authors: Hartman Göran
Published: April 2018

On the basis of questionnaires to moose hunters the colonisation pattern of reintroduced beaver in the province of Värmland was mapped. The beaver spread rapidly within water drainage systems resulting initially in scattered colonisation and very low population densities in relation to range. Spread was slowed by watershed divides. Illustrating the shape of the expansion wave front by plotting the relative increase of the population and range against time, shows a very flat front characterised by long dispersal distances.
Population ecology of the raccoon dog in Finland ‐ a synthesis
Authors: Kauhala Kaarina , Helle Eero
Published: April 2018

The population ecology of the raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides was investigated in Finland from 1973 to 1992. Annual mean temperature explained most of the regional variation in the growth rate and present density of the population. Climate explained most of the regional variation in the productivity of the raccoon dog population; the length of the annual snow‐free period accounted for most of the regional variation in the weight and fat reserves of young females in late autumn which, in turn, affected the proportion of reproducing females in the population the following spring. Of the independent variables examined, the abundance of wild berries is the dominating factor in explaining the annual variation in density; mortality is highest during the first year of life and the availability of berries probably affects the mortality of juveniles during autumn and winter. The abundance of voles and the population density of raccoon dogs in spring affects the fat reserves of adult females which, in turn, affect their litter size. The productivity of adult females is density dependent, and, thus, regulates population density to some extent. Changes in population size seem to be density dependent after the population peaked around the mid‐1980s.
The near extinction and recovery of brown bears in Scandinavia in relation to the bear management policies of Norway and Sweden
Authors: Swenson Jon E. , Wabakken Petter , Sandegren Finn , Bjärvall Anders , Franzén Robert , Söderberg Arne
Published: April 2018

Records of bountied brown bears Ursus arctos in Norway and Sweden were analysed to estimate population size in the mid‐1800's, and changes in population size and distribution in relation to the bear management policies of both countries. In the mid‐1800's about 65% of the bears in Scandinavia were in Norway (perhaps 3,100 in Norway and 1,650 in Sweden). Both countries tried to eliminate the bear in the 1800's; Sweden was more effective. By the turn of the century, the numbers of bears were low in both countries. The lowest population level in the population remnants that have subsequently survived occurred around 1930 and was estimated at 130 bears. Sweden's policy was changed at the turn of the century to save the bear from extinction. This policy was successful, and the population is now large and expanding. Norway did not change its policy and bears were virtually eliminated by 1920–30. Since 1975, bear observations increased in Norway. This coincided temporally with an abrupt increase in the Swedish bear population, and bears reappeared sooner in areas closer to the remnant Swedish populations. Both conditions support our conclusion that the bear was virtually exterminated in Norway and suggest that bears observed now are primarily immigrants from Sweden, except for far northern Norway, which was recolonised from Russia and Finland. Today, we estimate that the Scandinavian bear population numbers about 700, with about 2% in Norway (on average about 14 in Norway, 650–700 in Sweden). This is a drastic reduction in the estimate of bears in Norway, compared with earlier studies. The trends in bear numbers responded to the policies in effect. The most effective measures used in Scandinavia to conserve bears were those that reduced or eliminated the economic incentive for people to kill them. Our analysis also suggests that population estimates based on reports from observations made by the general public can be greatly inflated.
Habitat use by different‐aged duck broods and juvenile ducks
Authors: Nummi Petri , Pöysä Hannu
Published: April 2018

Habitat use by different‐aged broods and juveniles of teal Anas crecca, mallard A. platyrhynchos and goldeneye Bucephala clangula was investigated in southern Finland during 1988–1993. The study focused on within‐lake habitat use and the use of flooded wetlands. Downy ducklings of all three species showed significant preference for Carex‐stands. As the dabbling ducks grew older, their habitat use diversified, juveniles in particular also made considerable use of floating vegetation. Conversely, habitat use by goldeneye became more uniform: goldeneye juveniles were almost exclusively seen in open‐water and floating vegetation habitats. All three species, but especially teal, used flooded areas intensively. Two thirds of teal downy broods were seen along flooded shores which comprised only seven percent of all shore habitats. Preliminary data suggested that the preferred habitat types, Carex and flooded shores, harboured more nektonic invertebrates and emerging insects than did the other shore types.
Estimating the total weight of Scandinavian brown bears Ursus arctos from field‐dressed and slaughter weights
Authors: Swenson Jon E. , Sandegren Finn , Söderberg Arne , Franzén Robert
Published: April 2018

Regressions are presented to predict the total weight (TW) in kg of Scandinavian brown bears Ursus arctos from field‐dressed weights (FW), where TW = 4.01 + 1.16 × FW, and slaughter weights (SW), where TW = 4.63 + 1.49 × SW. Both regressions had high predictive values (r2 = 0.97) and were not significantly affected by sex or genetic lineage of the bears. Formulas to calculate confidence intervals are also presented.
Boşnaklara Türkçe Öğretimi İle İlgili Araştırmalar Üzerine Betimsel Bir İnceleme
Authors: Bozkırlı Kürşad Çağrı , Er Onur
Published: April 2018

Doküman incelemesi yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmanın amacı
Boşnaklara Türkçe öğretimi konusunda yapılan araştırmaları; araştırmalarda kullanılan
araştırma yöntemi, örnekleme yöntemi, veri toplama aracı, veri analiz yöntemi ve
konu açılarından değerlendirmektir. Bu amaçla ULAKBİM ve GOOGLE SCHOLAR veri
tabanları taranarak Boşnaklara Türkçe öğretimi konusunun ele alındığı 2010-2016
yılları arasındaki 26 Türkçe araştırma tespit edilmiştir. Tespit edilen araştırmaların
değerlendirilmesinde Sözbilir ve Kutu (2008) tarafından geliştirilen “Makale
Sınıflama Formu” araştırmacılarca revize edilerek kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen
verilerin çözümlenmesinde İçerik Analizi Yöntemi’nin kullanıldığı bu çalışmaya
göre incelenen araştırmaların çoğunun; herhangi bir araştırma türü içermediği
ya da derleme nitelikli çalışmalar olduğu, herhangi bir örnekleme yöntemi
içermediği, bazılarında herhangi bir veri toplama aracı kullanılmadığı,
çoğunlukla nicel veri toplandığı ve bunların analizinde betimsel istatistiki
yöntemler kullanıldığı, araştırmaların konu olarak çeşitlenmediği ve sayıca
yetersiz olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
STRATEGI PENINGKATAN DAYA SAING UMKM PANGAN DI PALEMBANG
Authors: Delmayuni Asri , Hubeis Musa , Cahyadi Eko Ruddy
Published: April 2018

Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) mempunyai potensi sangat besar untuk kemajuan perekonomian Indonesia, karena tersebar diseluruh wilayah Indonesia. Mensejahterahkan UMKM akan berdampak besar bagi perekonomian negara indonesia. Penelitian mengenai strategi untuk meningkatkan daya saing Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) Pangan di Kota Palembang ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis Strength, Weaknes, Opportunity, and Threats (SWOT) dan Analisis Hirarki Proses (AHP).Sampel usaha UMKM Pangan di Palembang diambil dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Berdasarkan SWOT dan AHP diperoleh hasil bahwa strategi prioritas yang harus dilakukan oleh UMKM pangan berdaya saing di Kota Palembang adalah penggunaan peralatan yang lebih moderndalam proses produksiagar variasi makanan dapat dibuat secara lebih efisien dan efektif; serta pemanfaatan manajemen modern agar pengolahan UMKM dapat mencakup ekonomi lokal (dalam negeri) dan juga luar negeri. Untuk itu kontribusi dan kerjasama yang baik antar pemerintah dan UMKM akan membuat UMKM bisa melakukan perannya dengan baik dan menciptakan UMKM pangan yang berdaya saing. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) has a large potential for the economic progress in Indonesiasince it has been widespread throughout the country. Prospering the SMEs will bring a major impact for the economy of Indonesia.The research about strategy to improve the competitiveness of Food Micro Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Palembang City was done by using the Strength, Weaknes, Opportunity, and Threats (SWOT) analysis and Hierarchy Analysis Process (AHP). The sample of SMEs food business in Palembang was taken by using purposive sampling technique.The result shows that the priority strategy that should be done by the SMEs are using the modern equipment in production process in order to make the food variation more effective and eficient;and  utilizingthe modern management for SME’s processing can cover the domestic and international economy. Therefore, good cooperation between goverment and SMEs will lead to a better function of SMEs which creates high competitiveness in SMEs.
PENGARUH PENANAMAN MODAL ASING TERHADAP NERACA PERDAGANGAN ASEAN-6
Authors: Ginting Ari Mulianta
Published: April 2018

Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan perdagangan negara-negara ASEAN-6 dan menganalisis pengaruh aliran FDI terhadap neraca perdagangan. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan analisis deskriptif dan regresi data panel. Studi ini menunjukkan perkembangan neraca perdagangan ASEAN-6 dari tahun 2004-2013 secara total surplus. Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi data panel, terdapat pengaruh yang positif antara pertumbuhan FDI, GDP dan sektor manufaktur dengan pertumbuhan neraca perdagangan di negara ASEAN-6. Sementara itu terdapat pengaruh negatif antara konsumsi domestik, dan nilai tukar riil terhadap pertumbuhan neraca perdagangan. Hasil analisis regresi data panel mengindikasikan pentingnya variabel pertumbuhan FDI. Hal ini mengimplikasikan perlunya negara-negara ASEAN-6 mengeluarkan kebijakan yang tepat untuk meningkatkan aliran masuk FDI, seperti perbaikan iklim investasi dan pemberian insentif fiskal. This study sets out to explain the development of trade between ASEAN-6 countries and analyze the influence of FDI flow towards the balance of trade. This study utilizes descriptive analysis approach and panel data regression. This study shows the development of the balance of trade for ASEAN-6 trade from 2004-2013 were all surplus. Based on the panel data regression analysis, there is a positive influences of FDI, GDP, and manufacture sector on the balance of trade of ASEAN-6 countries. On the other hand, there is a negative influences of domestic consumption and real exchange on balance of trade. The analysis result from panel data regression indicates the importance of FDI growth variable. This implies a necessity for ASEAN-6 countries to issue policies that could enhance the inflow of FDI, such as improving investment climate and providing fiscal incentive.
EFISIENSI PEMASARAN GAMBIR DI KABUPATEN LIMA PULUH KOTA, SUMATERA BARAT
Authors: Nasution Amelira Haris , Asmarantaka Ratna Winandi , Baga Lukman M
Published: April 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efisiensi pemasaran gambir di Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota, Sumatera Barat dengan menggunakan analisis efisiensi operasional dan efisiensi harga. Penentuan responden petani dipilih dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling, dan responden pedagang dipilih dengan snowball sampling. Data primer digunakan untuk melakukan analisis efisiensi operasional, sedangkan data sekunder time series bulanan dalam periode 2004 – 2014 digunakan untuk analisis efisiensi harga. Berdasarkan analisis efisiensi operasional terbukti bahwa saluran pemasaran yang terbentuk belum efisien akibat posisi tawar petani yang rendah. Dengan analisis efisiensi harga terungkap bahwa dalam jangka pendek, pasar gambir di tingkat petani tidak terintegrasi dengan pedagang besar dan ekportir, dan dalam jangka panjang pasar gambir di tingkat pedagang besar berkorelasi dengan eksportir namun tidak terintegrasi. Korelasi ini mengindikasikan adanya kolusi antara pedagang besar dan eksportir. Oleh karena itu, peran pemerintah diperlukan, terutama untuk mengoptimalkan regulasi pasar gambir yang ada di satu pihak dan meningkatkan peran kelembagaan petani di pihak lain. Kebijakan perbaikan akses informasi pasar dan ekspor gambir akan mampu menciptakan pemasaran gambir yang berpihak pada petani gambir. This study aims at analyzing the market efficiency of gambier in Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatera using analysis of operational and price efficiency. Farmers were chosen using purposive sampling method and middlemen were selected using snowball sampling method. Primary data were used for the operational efficiency analysis, and secondary data which was monthly time series data from 2004 to 2014 were utilized for the price efficiency analysis. Based on the operational efficiency analysis, it was proven that the marketing channels had been inefficient because the bargaining power of farmers was weak. By using the price efficiency analysis, it showed that in the short run, gambier market in the farm level was not integrated with the middlemen and exporter levels, whereas in the long run, gambier market in middlemen level had corellation with the exporter level but they had not been integrated. This correlation indicated that there was a collusion between the middlemen and the exporters. Therefore, the role of government is needed to maximize the regulation of gambier market and to increase the role of farmer institutions. This can be done by improving the market access information and gambier export policy to create marketing which supports the gambier farmers.
CONSÓRCIO DE MAMONA COM GERGELIM E FEIJÃO-CAUPI NO SEMIÁRIDO PARAIBANO: COMPONENTES DE PRODUÇÃO
Authors: Sousa Junior José Raimundo de , Furtado Guilherme de Freitas , Sousa Jônatas Raulino Marques de , Lacerda Rodolfo Rodrigo de Almeida , Souza Anielson dos Santos , Maracajá Patricio Borges
Published: April 2018

Cultivos consorciados são largamente utilizados em pequenas produtores rurais. Objetivou-se avaliar duas cultivares de mamona, em cultivo isolado e consorciado com gergelim e feijão-caupi em Pombal-PB. O experimento foi instalado sob sequeiro no sítio Monte Alegre em solo de textura franco arenosa. O delineamento foi o de blocos ao acaso em fatorial 2 x 3, sendo 2 cultivares (IAC 2028 e BRS Nordestina) e 3 sistemas de cultivo (monocultivo e consórcio com caupi ou gergelim) e 2 tratamentos com caupi e gergelim em monocultivo em 4 repetições. Os dados foram submetidos à análise da variância pelo teste F e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (p= 0,05). Dos resultados, verificou-se que a IAC 2028 produziu maior nº. de frutos/racemo, sendo esses de maior massa em relação à BRS Nordestina, o que resultou em maior produtividade, 826 kg ha-1. No consórcio deve-se priorizar cultivares de ciclo médio e consortes de porte baixo, e em monocultivo cultivares precoces e de ciclo curto.
Reforma da Previdência: idade mínima é o mínimo
Authors: Barbosa Filho Fernando De Holanda
Published: April 2018

O presente artigo mostra que a mudança demográfica pela qual passa a sociedade brasileira terá impacto relevante sobre a previdência. O rápido envelhecimento populacional - a população acima de 65 anos passa de 16 milhões em 2015 para 48 milhões em 2050 - fará com que a previdência brasileira, hoje deficitária, se torne insustentável. Dessa forma, uma reforma previdenciária que eleve a contribuição média, aumente o número de contribuintes, reduza o benefício médio e o número de beneficiários será essencial. Neste sentido, a introdução de uma idade mínima e uma nova regra de cálculo do benefício serão inevitáveis. O artigo conclui indicando que a introdução da idade mínima de aposentadoria no Brasil afetará os grupos de maior renda e não os de menor renda, os mais pobres, como comumente arguido pelos grupos que se posicionam contra a reforma. Os mais pobres já se aposentam, hoje, em sua maioria pelo benefício por idade.
Pollination Ecology of Rhynchosia Heynei Wight and Arn. (Leguminosae), An Endemic Medicinal Herbaceous Shrub Species of Peninsular India
Authors: Raju A. J. Solomon , Ramana K. Venkata
Published: April 2018

Rhynchosia heynei is an endemic shrub in dry deciduous forests of peninsular India. It is medicinally important and used locally for the treatment of different diseases. Despite its medicinal value and endemic status, no studies were made on the pollination ecology of this shrub to understand the factors leading to its endemic status. In this connection, the standard protocols were followed for the systematic study of the pollination in the Nallamalai forest of Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh. The study indicated that the plant produces nectariferous bisexual flowers. The flowers were self-compatible and equipped with explosive pollination mechanism adapted for melittophily. The fruit set occurred through self and cross-pollination. Mature and dry pods dehisce explosively to disperse seeds. Regeneration occurred through perennial root stock and seeds during rainy season but the regeneration rate is poor due to rocky and dry habitat with little moisture and nutrient content. Journal of Institute of Science and Technology Volume 22, Issue 2, January 2018, Page: 32-44
Effects of Alternative Fish Species Amblypharyngodon Mola for Traditional Carp Polyculture in Nepal
Authors: Karn Basant Kumar , Gupta Ranjana , Rai Sunila
Published: April 2018

To increase the maximum productivity is prime aim in fish aquaculture from past few years. The increase in maximum standing crop of a pond depends upon the wider range of available foods in ecological niches from the selection of complementary species growing together. The present work was conducted in an attempt to identify the suitable fish species combinations among Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Aristichthys nobilis, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Cyprinus carpio with the introduction of Amblypharyngodon mola in the prevalent method of fish polyculture system practiced in Nepal. The experiment was conducted for 120 days, in twelve 100 m2 earthen ponds which comprised the initial growing period of fish. As control, one pond was stocked with a species ratio usually employed in the country; H. molitrix (35 %), A. nobilis (10 %), L. rohita (15 %), C. mrigala (10 %), C. idella, (5 %) and C. carpio (25 %). Treatment 2 was stocked with the H. molitrix, A. nobilis, L. rohita and C. mrigala. Treatment 3 was stocked with the H. molitrix, A. nobilis, L. rohita, C. mrigala and C. idella and Treatment 4 was stocked with the H. molitrix, A. nobilis, L. rohita, C. mrigala and C. idella and C. carpio. Each treatment had three replicates. Carp fishes were stocked with stocking density 15000 ha -1 in all treatments. A. mola was stocked @ 50000 ha-1 in treatments, 2, 3 and 4. No significant correlation was found between the growth rate of fish species and the water quality parameters. The final weight of different species, in different treatments, showed statistical differences. Considering growth parameters, the best result was obtained in treatment 2. A complete exclusion of the A. mola in treatment 1 had no advantage over the other treatments; however, the combination of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Aristichthys nobilis, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala allowed the introduction of A. mola, with positive effects. In addition, the introduction of A. mola in the polycultures tested had no effect over the other carp species. Journal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVolume 22, Issue 2, January 2018, Page: 92-102
Allelopathic Influences of Artemisia Dubia Wall. Ex. Besser on Seed Germination and Seedling Vigor of Parthenium Hysterophorus L
Authors: Sharma Manisha , Devkota Anjana
Published: April 2018

Allelopathic effect of aqueous (leachate) and solvent extract (hexane, chloroform, methanol and water) of leaf, stem and root of donor plant Artemisia dubia was studied on germination and seedling vigour of Parthenium hysterophorus. Extraction and quantification of different parts in different solvent was done by percolation method. Bioassay was performed by allowing P. hysterophorus seed to germinate in Petri dishes (for solvent, aqueous) in laboratory condition against varied concentrations of prepared extracts of A. dubia. All the tested extract (aqueous, solvent) from different plant parts significantly checked the germination of P. hysterophorus in higher concentration with the effect being more pronounced from the leaf of A. dubia. Linear growth of root and shoot of P. hysterophorus was also checked significantly with increasing concentration of tested plant extract. The order of allelopathic influence was leaf > stem > root in all the cases and it was concentration dependent. Length of root was retarded while stem length experienced no effect, sometime elongation (stem and root extract of leachate, stem extract of hexane and chloroform). These results provide ample evidence that allelopathic potential exist in A. dubia and this can be exploited for the control of P.hysterophorus.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology Volume 22, Issue 2, January 2018, Page: 127-128
Natural Bond Orbital Analysis of [Fe(H2O)6]2+/3+ and [Zn(H2O)6](H2O)N2+;N=0-4
Authors: Pokhrel Nabaraj , Lamichhane Hari Prasad
Published: April 2018

Nature of delocalization of the electrons from the ligands to metals in the first coordination sphere of the high-spin complexes [Fe(H2O)6]2+/3+ and [Zn(H2O)6]2+ are computationally studied using density functional theory. Among the studied complexes, natural charge transfer from H2O ligands to metal ion is found to be maximum of 1.556e in [Fe(H2O)6]3+ and minimum of 0.621e in [Zn(H\2O)6]2+. On the other hand, the interaction between the lone pairs of oxygen with metal ion was found to be stronger in [Zn(H2O)6]2+ than in the complexes with second coordination sphere. Number of such strong interactions in the first coordination sphere was found to be decreased with the addition of H2O ligands in the second coordination sphere.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology Volume 22, Issue 2, January 2018, Page: 148-155
Multiculturalism, Racism and Infectious Disease in the Global City: The Experience of the 2003 SARS Outbreak in Toronto
Authors: Keil Roger , Ali Harris
Published: April 2018

The 2003 SARS outbreak in Toronto, which killed forty-four and made hundreds sick, tested the multicultural model often presented as the reason for making that city a livable global metropolis. Billed as the “Chinese disease,” SARS connected seamlessly with previous periods of racializing disease assumed to originate from migrants and foreigners in North America. Yet when restaurants in the city’s three Chinatowns remained empty for weeks and close contact with Chinese citizens was avoided by others in public, the dynamics that unfolded also tied in with a new development in Toronto: the formation of the global city. As news on the SARS outbreak spread and the intricate details of travel patterns and infection-pathways became clearer, the relationships of Toronto diasporic communities and business ties with other globalizing cities like Hong Kong, Guangzhou and Singapore became obvious, and Toronto’s vulnerability in the network of global flows of finance, culture, commodities and people was exposed.

Our paper provides a narrative of the racialization of infectious disease in the context of Toronto’s multiculturalism and the region’s formation as a major global city. Providing evidence of racialization in public discourse, everyday practices and institutional policies, we advance the hypothesis that the SARS outbreak strained the usually happy appearance of this particular multicultural urban fabric of diversity. This analysis is part of a long-term research project at York University on SARS and the Global City, which addresses the network connectivity of Toronto in the global city hierarchy; the influence of infectious disease; and the re-scaling of the health governance system in Toronto in the wake of the SARS outbreak.
Dreaming of Diasporas: Urban Developments and Transnational Identities in Contemporary Kolkata
Authors: Bose Pablo S.
Published: April 2018

This paper examines the contested nature of diasporas and their complex involve-ment in dynamics of international development by focusing on the recent construction of luxury condominiums on the fringes of the Indian metropolis of Kolkata. These new housing projects are built and marketed with a self-consciously global aesthetic and are actively promoted to both overseas Indian communities and local elites as spaces in which one can take up an explicitly international identity. This paper argues that these discourses and developments regarding life-space and lifestyle are part of a broader project intended to help Kolkata regain its glory as a world city. Furthermore, it is suggested that the deployment of the heavily mythologized figure of the global Indian is a crucial element for mobilizing key actors and constituting material transformations in the postcolonial city.
Reframing the Invisible: On the Uses of “Bare Life” in Art
Authors: Tomic Milena
Published: April 2018

In his introduction to Documenta 12, Roger Buergel designates bare life as a major motif, aligning it with the radical separation between painful subjection and joyous liberation. I suggest in this paper that this large-scale international exhibition is a prescriptive framework for Giorgio Agamben’s highly qualified juridical concept, since it may actually help to distort a concept emphasizing an element that resists representation. However, Buergel’s willingness to find a positive aspect of the state of exception is not incompatible with Agamben’s notion of a limit figure that eludes inscription in language. Bare life is open to art insofar as both occupy a zone of indistinction: the first designates a being devoid of any representable identity that avoids co-optation by the state, while the second is shifting its focus away from the object and towards the elusive spaces that can be documented but never shown. In this paper, I investigate the often ambiguous ways that the concept of bare life has been extended in discussions of a new politics based on irreparable singularity. I also explore several works of art in seeking possible alternatives to the institutional framing of bare life, including a performance that takes on the notion of invisibility in a somewhat literal way by eliminating photographic evidence of the event.
Tie a Yellow Ribbon ‘Round Public Discourse, National Identity and the War: Neoliberal Militarization and the Yellow Ribbon Campaign in Canada
Authors: McCready A. L.
Published: April 2018

The yellow ribbons that have become so ubiquitous in Canada as the emblem of the national Support Our Troops campaign are highly charged semiotic tools in a battle for control of public discourse, marking the growing militarization of Canadian society in an age of empire. I read the Yellow Ribbon here as neoliberal cultural pedagogy, an everyday means by which individuals learn and teach specific cultural values and tropes, both explicitly and implicitly. As a symbol and a commodity, and perhaps more importantly as an everyday social and cultural practice, the Yellow Ribbon offers a glimpse into the dense cultural and political forces involved in the re-scripting of Canadian national mythologies,according to a logic of militarized neoliberalism.
“A Portrait of This Country”: Whiteness, Indigeneity, Multiculturalism and the Vancouver Opening Ceremonies
Authors: Kalman-Lamb Nathan
Published: April 2018

In this article, I examine how the performance of Canadian identity in the Vancouver 2010 Olympic Winter Games opening ceremonies reflects the persistence of whiteness at the core of Canada’s multicultural identity. To this end, I analyze the cultural components of the Vancouver ceremonies and the coverage of this spectacle by Canadian television broadcaster CTV. This event is worthy of study because it marks a crucial moment of nation-building and representation for the Canadian nation before the world. In this formative and performative moment, organizers did not foreground multiculturalism as central to Canadian identity— problematic as liberal multiculturalism may be in the context of a structurally inequitable society. Instead, they chose to portray whiteness as the core of Canadian identity. While there is a significant acknowledgment of Canada’s Indigenous peoples in the ceremonies, this should not be seen as a celebration of diversity. Rather, Indigineity is appropriated as the origin of a national teleology that culminates in whiteness. Indeed, by locating the nation’s origins in Indigenous societies, the claim can be made that Canada is essentially multicultural, and thus, that no further representation or acknowledgment of non-white people is necessary.
Reconfiguring the Academic Dance: A Critique of Faculty’s Responses to Administrative Practices in Canadian Universities
Authors: Polster Claire
Published: April 2018

This article explores and critiques Canadian academics’ responses to new administrative practices in a variety of areas, including resource allocation, performance assessment and the regulation of academic work. The main argument is that, for the most part, faculty are responding to what administrative practices appear to be, rather than to what they do or accomplish institutionally. That is, academics are seeing and responding to these practices as isolated developments that interfere with or add to their work, rather than as reorganizers of social relations that fundamentally transform what academics do and are. As a result, their responses often serve to entrench and advance these practices’ harmful effects. This problem can be remedied by attending to how new administrative practices reconfigure institutional relations in ways that erode the academic mission, and by establishing new relations that better serve academics’—and the public’s—interests and needs. Drawing on the work of various academic and other activists, this article offers a broad range of possible strategies to achieve the latter goal. These include creating faculty-run banks to transform the allocation of institutional resources, producing new means and processes to assess—and support—academic performance, and establishing alternative policy-making bodies that operate outside of, and variously interrupt, traditional policy-making channels.
At the Site of Wilderness: Meredith Monk’s Facing North (1990)
Authors: Cauthery Bridget
Published: April 2018

In 1990, American composer, vocalist, filmmaker and choreographer Meredith Monk became witness to the condition of wilderness while in residency at the Banff Centre in northern Alberta, Canada. The resulting work, Facing North, a collaboration with long-time associate composer Robert Een, grew out of the combined senses of physical and metaphysical isolation engendered by the remote mid-winter setting and Monk’s detachment from her normal, urban life. The piece (and accompanying tone poem later recorded and released in album form in 1992) portrays the interdependence of two people trying to come to terms with their simultaneous being and nonbeing, connection and disconnection, in what Monk perceived as an inimical northern landscape.

In “Picture and Witness at the Site of the Wilderness” (2000) Canadian cultural theorist Jonathan Bordo argues that artists and their paintings of wilderness arise “from the very idea of wilderness as positing and effacing a witness to an unwitnessible condition” (Bordo 2000: 228). Such depictions of wilderness, while representing a perceived denial or erasure of human presence, in fact require a witness to affirm the very condition of wilderness.

In this paper I argue that in performing wilderness Monk engages in a similar process to the visual artists painting wilderness that Bordo examines. As part of an on-going research project entitled “Choreographing the North” this paper focuses on the rupture that is enacted when trying to represent absence through presence and how this relates to ideas of collecting and colonizing the North. In Facing North Monk performs the mythopoetic divide between cultured Self and untamed Other, realizing in the process that her presence in the wilderness, while resonant, is ultimately self-referential.