bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Realidade virtual no ensino de vias metabólicas
Authors: Vega Garzón Juan Carlos , Magrini Marcio , Galembeck Eduardo
Published: September 2018

A literacia visual é a capacidade de compreender (ler) e usar (escrever) imagens e de pensar e aprender usando imagens (estáticas ou em movimento). A literacia visual e a visualização são componentes de aprendizagem chave na Bioquímica, porque essa ciência usa modelos de moléculas para explicar como as células funcionam. Muitos estudos têm mostrado que as tecnologias de visualização (TV) podem ser úteis para desenvolver a literacia visual. O termo "realidade virtual" pode ser definido como um ambiente tridimensional imersivo, interativo, multissensorial, centrado no espectador e gerado por computador que leva em conta a combinação de tecnologias necessárias para construir esses ambientes. Nós projetamos um aplicativo de Realidade Virtual (RV) chamado VRMET para ajudar no desenvolvimento de habilidades de literacia visual para entender e representar conceitos bioquímicos. O aplicativo VRMET foi desenvolvido usando o Unity3D, o SDK de realidade aumentada da Vuforia  e o SDK do Google VR para Unity. As moléculas 3D foram obtidas da Protein Data Bank e ChemSpider e optimizadas utilizando o Blender. O VRMET usa um modelo 3D a escala de uma célula animal. VRMET requer um dispositivo com câmera. O usuário pode obter a App da Google Play Store. O VRMET tem duas cenas diferentes: a cena de realidade aumentada (RA) e uma cena da realidade virtual (RV). A cena de RA permite visualizar, desde vários ângulos diferentes um modelo em escala de uma célula animal. A cena RV permite acompanhar cada uma das reações da glicólise e ciclo do Krebs dentro do modelo celular. O VRMET permite que os alunos visualizem a estrutura molecular de substratos e produtos, percebendo assim as mudanças em cada molécula ao longo da via metabólica. Também permite observar onde ocorre cada via metabólica.
Percepção de estudantes de graduação de uma Universidade brasileira sobre a disciplina de Bioquímica
Authors: Nogara Pablo Andrei , Schmitz Gabriela Luisa , Eisenhardt Luiza Müller , Moura Bruna Larissa Teixeira , Rocha João Batista Teixeira , Oliveira Cláudia Sirlene
Published: September 2018

A Bioquímica é uma ciência essencial, que trata das bases químicas da vida estudada em várias áreas. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a opinião de estudantes quanto à disciplina de Bioquímica. Um instrumento, envolvendo questões sobre a disciplina, os professores, a monitoria e uma auto avaliação, foi aplicado para 231 estudantes, os quais já haviam cursado a disciplina, de 12 cursos de graduação, divididos em 3 áreas de conhecimento: Ciências Naturais, da Saúde e Rurais. A maioria dos alunos respondeu que consideram a Bioquímica uma disciplina importante, mas apresentam uma compreensão razoável dos conteúdos, provavelmente por falta de conhecimentos em química. Os alunos consideram a carga horária da disciplina suficiente, mas mal utilizada. O desempenho dos professores foi razoável a bom, mas falta correlação entre as aulas e a atuação profissional do curso, especialmente na Ciência Rural. Este estudo mostrou que as aulas de Bioquímica precisam ser repensadas para as áreas de ação de cada curso, além disso, os pré-conhecimentos básicos dos estudantes deve ser aprimorado.
Estratégia de ensino: Aprenda em sala de aula
Authors: Aparecida Santiago Sônia , Carvalho Hernandes F
Published: September 2018

Instituições de ensino mudam as estratégias de ensino para melhorar a apreensão e a compreensão dos conteúdos pelos alunos. A maioria almeja que o aluno protagonize seu aprendizado e procuram abandonar a clássica exposição verbal pelo professor. Esse artigo aborda uma estratégia de ensino híbrida, inspirada na sala de aula invertida (ou Flipped Classroom), buscando o protagonismo do aluno, mas concentrando-se no tempo destinado à aula. A estratégia “Aprenda em sala de aula” foi aplicada em 2013 na disciplina de Biologia Celular II da Universidade Estadual de Campinas e testou duas hipóteses: (1) o tempo necessário para a transmissão dos conceitos principais de uma dada matéria pode ser bastante reduzido;  (2) dado o tempo necessário e oportunidades, atinge-se excelente participação dos alunos, atendendo, inclusive, a grande diversidade de perfis existente nas salas de aula. Aqui apresentamos a estratégia, resultados de sua avaliação e os aspectos positivos e negativos desta estratégia.
Irrigation trends among members of the Chilean Endodontic Society
Authors:   Endodontics Graduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, San Sebastian University, Santiago, Chile., Monardes Héctor , Antunez Marcia ,   Endodontics Graduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, San Sebastian University, Santiago, Chile., Wulf Daniela ,   Endodontics Private Practice. Chile., Zúñiga García Daniela ,   Endodontics Private Practice. Chile., Abarca Jaime ,   Endodontics Graduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, San Sebastian University, Santiago, Chile. Faculty of Dentistry, San Sebastian University, Puerto Montt, Chile
Published: September 2018

Introduction: The aim of this study is to determine the current trends of irrigation during root canal therapy by specialists who are members of the Chilean Endodontic Society. Materials and Method: A survey (Survey Monkey®-SurveyMonkey.com) was e-mailed to the 485 members of the Chilean Endodontic Society. The instrument was translated and adapted from the survey "Irrigation trends among American Association of Endodontists members: A web-based survey" applied in the USA in 2012. Participants answered a set of 16 questions that included irrigant selection, irrigant concentration, the adopted protocol, techniques or devices for irrigant activation. Results: 99% of respondents use sodium hypochlorite as the main irrigant. Data indicate that 74% of respondents use hypochlorite at a concentration of 5%. Most respondents (94%) also include EDTA in their usual practice. In addition, 90% of respondents reported that they activate the irrigating agent, and 94% confirmed that they perform a final irrigation protocol. Conclusion: The majority of respondents use sodium hypochlorite as the main irrigant at a concentration of 5%, use ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as a smear removal agent, activate the irrigant, and perform a final irrigation protocol.
Bifid mandibular canal –an anesthetic challenge for maxillofacial surgeons– Case Report
Authors:   Departament of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vokkaligara Sangha Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India., Nanjappa Madan , Bhattacharjee Abhishek ,   Departament of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vokkaligara Sangha Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India., Khatua Abhishek ,   Departament of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vokkaligara Sangha Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
Published: September 2018

Bifid mandibular canal is a variation of the normal anatomy. Such anomalies can result in difficult anesthesia while performing surgeries of the posterior mandible under local anesthesia. Moreover there is a high chance of damaging the neurovascular bundle leading to complications. Here we present a case of a bifid mandibular canal which posed difficulty in achieving appropriate anesthesia. The inferior alveolar nerve is of special interest for maxillofacial and oral surgeons. Its relation with mandibular third molar plays an important role while performing disimpaction surgery, in cases of bilateral sagittal split osteotomy, prosthesis placement in resorbed ridges, mandibular trauma procedures, and may be traumatized by penetration of the implant drill.
The Reasons of Electoral Stagnation of the CHP in the Light of the 2015 Turkish Parliamentary Elections
Authors: Bardakçı Mehmet , Yıldırım Mat Tülay
Published: September 2018

It is the intention in this article to explain the electoral stagnation of the Republican People’s Party (Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi, CHP) in the light of the 2015 parliamentary elections in Turkey. Drawing on theories of voting behavior, the article uncovers the organizational shortcomings within the party and the problem of credibility that have emerged as significant impediments to the party in addressing long-term historical-structural issues, mainly the division of Turkish society between the religious periphery and the secular center. Furthermore, the strong identification between the ruling Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP) and its partisans have made party-switching difficult, having been achieved, above all, through the provision of economic benefits and public services and the consolidation of party identification through growing polarization and division in Turkish politics. Last but not least, the changes to the political environment between the June 7 and November 1, 2015 elections, pushed stability and security to the top of the agenda, as well as AKP’s electoral adjustments in the run-up to the November 1 elections inhibited any possible flow of votes to the CHP.
OSMANLI DEVLETİ’NİN ORTADOĞU’DA KÖLE TİCARETİNİ ENGELLEME ÇALIŞMALARI
Authors: Taşbaş Erdal
Published: September 2018

İnsanlığın tarih sahnesine çıktığı zamandan beri var olduğu düşünülen kölelik, insanlığın medeni gelişmesine paralel bir gelişme göstermiştir. Değişen şartlar, özellikle ekonomik faaliyetlere dayalı üretim ilişkilerindeki gelişmeler, köleliği de şekillendirecektir. İlkçağlarda yalnızca tarımsal üretim işlerinde kullanılan köleler, daha sonraki dönemlerde birçok alanda kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Köleliğe dair tarih boyunca yaşanan gelişmeler her toplumda ve her medeniyette farklı bir seyir izlemiştir. Coğrafi bakımdan farklılıklar gösteren kölelik toplumsal değerler ve inanç sistemlerine göre şekillenmiştir. Aydınlanma Çağı olarak bilinen 18. yüzyıldan itibaren yaşanan bilimsel ve fikri gelişmeler, toplumların birçok kurumunu etkilediği gibi, kölelik kurumunda da değişikliğe neden olmuştur. Batıda gelişen çağdaş ve özgürlükçü fikir hareketleri 19. yüzyıldan itibaren Osmanlı Devleti’ne sirayet etmiş, devlet ve toplum hayatında önemli değişikliklere yol açmıştı. Özellikle Tanzimat döneminden itibaren Osmanlı Devleti, kölelik sisteminde çağdaş gelişmeleri takip etmiş ve topraklarında köleliğin yasaklanması için bazı önlemler almıştır. Bu önemlerin alındığı bölgelerden biri de Ortadoğu’dur. Çeşitli talimat ve fermanlarla bölgedeki köle ticaretini sona erdirmeye çalışan Osmanlı Devleti’nin girişimlerini içeren bu çalışma için arşiv vesikaları kullanılmıştır. Vesikalara göre Osmanlı coğrafyası açısından önemli bir köle ticaret bölgesi olan Ortadoğu’da, bu ticaretin yapılmasını engellemek için yoğun bir çaba verilmiştir. Ancak bu yoğun çabalara karşın Ortadoğu’da köle ticaretine tam olarak engel olunamadığı görülmektedir.
TOPLUMDA DEĞİŞEN ÇOCUK ALGISI, EĞİTİM YÖNTEMLERİ VE İNTERNETİN ETKİLERİNE YÖNELİK NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: Çelik Eyüp , Çat Fatma Betül
Published: September 2018

Ülkemizdeki ebeveyn ve ebeveyn adayı bireylerin çocukluğa bakışları, çocuk tanımları, temel aldıkları eğitim yöntemleri ve internetin etkileri hakkındaki görüşlerinin açığa çıkarılması amacıyla 40 yaşın altında 26 erkek, 32 kadın, 4060 yaşları arasında 7 erkek, 9 kadın, 60 yaşın üzerinde 2 erkek ve 2 kadın; toplamda 78 katılımcı ile görüşülmüş ve ortaya çıkan temalar cinsiyet, kuşak ve dile getirilme sıklıkları açılarından değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda çocuğun farklı olduğuna ilişkin bilincin katılımcılarda mevcut olduğu ve yaş ilerledikçe çocuğun ebeveyne katkılarının da önem kazandığı, çocuk eğitimi konusunda yaş azaldıkça eğitim yöntemlerinin çeşitlendiği ancak geleneksel yöntemlerin etkisinin devam ettiği, internetin olumsuz etkileri konusunda katılımcıların duyarlı olduğu ve kontrollü kullanımı tercih ettikleri sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.
TÜRKÜN İŞ ZİHNİYETİ ÜZERİNE BİR DENEME
Authors: GÖÇER Kenan
Published: September 2018

İktisat tarihi çalışmalarının alt alanı olan iktisat zihniyeti, Sabri F. Ülgener’den beri, iktisat tarihi ve iktisadi düşünce tarihi alanında Ahmet Tabakoğlu ve Ahmet G. Sayar gibi isimler hariç, üzerinde çok az çalışılan bir alan olmuştur. Osmanlı veya Türk iktisat zihniyeti olarak değinilen bu alan, M. Weber, W. Sombart ve R.H. Tawney’nin etkisiyle daha çok din üzerinden açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Burada yapılmaya çalışılan açıklama ise toplumsal kültürü esas almıştır. Toplumsal kültür ile kastedilen Türkçe olarak dil, bütüncül ve tekilsel kültürdür. Türkçe’deki “iş”in dil ve iktisadi zihniyetteki izdüşümü ortaya konurken, Hüseyin R. Göktaş’ın Türkçe ve Murat Önderman’ın kolektivist ve tekilsel kültür ile sosyal kontrol hakkındaki görüşlerinden yola çıkılmıştır. Söz konusu kültür bağlamında Türkler için bir tarih dönemlendirmesi ve isimlendirme teklifi ile konu nihayete erdirilmiştir.
Effect of axitinib on inflammation in experimental corneal neovascularization model in rats
Authors: CANACANKATAN Necmiye , DİNÇ Erdem , KİBAR Deniz , YALAZA Cem , ANTMEN Şerife Efsun , GÜRLER Hacer Merve , COŞKUN YILMAZ Banu , TAŞDELEN Bahar
Published: September 2018

Purpose: This study investigated the anti-inflammatory efficacy of topical application of a selective tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor (TKI), Axitinib in experimental corneal neovascularization (CNV) model in rats. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1), VEGFR2 and VEGFR3 were evaluated as angiogenic markers, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) were determined as inflammatory markers and also histopathological evaluations were carried out. Materials and Methods: Experimental CNV model was established by silver nitrate cauterization in right eye. 6 groups were included as Control; CNV; CNV+DMSO; CNV+0.04% Axitinib; CNV+0.08% Axitinib and CNV+0.24% Axitinib. The corneas were collected and VEGFR1, VEGFR2, VEGFR3, NF-κB, TNFα and COX2 were measured by ELISA. Results: Axitinib, significantly reduced corneal VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 compared to CNV. The most efficiency of Axitinib treatment was confirmed on VEGFR2 and especially with 0.04% dose. Increased NF-κB and TNFα level were reduced by 0.04% Axitinib treatment compared to CNV and CNV+DMSO. Conclusion: Axitinib may be suggested as a promising anti-inflammatory agent in CNV by suppressing corneal VEGFR1, VEGFR2, NF-κB and TNFα, beside improving the histological pattern.
Evaluation the success rate of extra corporal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in patients with urinary stones
Authors: Hoseinkhani Ali , Amani Firouz , Hadi seddigh-namini Hadi
Published: September 2018

Background: Urinary stones are one of the most common and earliest known human diseases. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is known as the most common method for treating urinary stones less than 20-25 mm. The aim of this study was to evaluation the success rate of ESWL in patients with urinary stones.Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study 200 patients with urinary stones between 7-25 mm which were candidates for lithotripsy, enrolled in the study. Patients with coagulation disorders, urinary or other organ transplantation, pregnant women, uncontrolled blood pressure patients, and those who are contraindicated for drug use have been excluded from the study. The process was carried out by an operator and by the Dornier Compact Delta II lithotriptor. Two weeks later, the patients were re-visited, and ultrasound was performed, and the success rate of stones was measured and recorded and classified in three groups complete response, partial response and failure in treatment. Collected data analysed by statistical methods in SPSS version 19.Results: Efficacy of Arian 101 lithotriptor in removing of renal stones, were found to be 74% complete response, 25.5% partial response while 0.5% of subjects had no response. There was significant positive correlation between the size of stones before and after lithotripsy (r=0.49, p=0.001). In stones upper than 10 mm, the upper calices stones had 100% complete response. Also, in stones lower than 10 mm, the upper calices stones had 100% complete response.Conclusions: The results showed that Dornier Compact Delta II lithotriptor has more efficacy in treatment of stones. In stones below 10 mm, the success rate of treatment was generally higher, especially in the upper calices stones and pelvic. In stones larger than 10 mm, the success rate was slightly lower, but in the case of upper calices stones, the complete response was 100%.
Histopathological analysis of thyroid lesions: an institutional experience
Authors: M. Sheela K. , R. Sreedevi A.
Published: September 2018

Background: Diseases of thyroid are one of the most common endocrine disorders affecting general population which range from non-neoplastic to neoplastic lesions. The incidence and pattern of thyroid lesions depend on various factors which include sex, age, ethnic and geographical patterns. Majority of thyroid lesions are non-neoplastic only <5% are malignant. The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency and histomorphological pattern of thyroidectomy specimens and their relationship with age and sex of the patient.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the department of pathology, Govt. Medical College, Alappuzha for a period of 2 years. The study included 620 thyroidectomy specimens received in the Department of Pathology. All the biopsy reports were reviewed, and different lesions were categorised according to age and gender distribution. The data was analysed by standard statistical methods.Results: The commonest of the non-neoplastic lesions was nodular colloid goiter followed by lymphocytic thyroiditis, Hashimoto thyroiditis Nodular hyperplasia and thyroglossal cyst. Most common malignant lesion in this study is papillary carcinoma and benign lesion is follicular adenoma. Age group of patients ranged from 6 ½ to 84 years. The study showed a female predominance of 88.38%.Conclusions: Thyroid disorders are commonly encountered endocrine diseases. The study showed a female predominance. Peak age of incidence of thyroid lesions was between 40 and 50 years. Most common lesion was follicular adenoma and most common malignant lesion was papillary carcinoma.Histopathological examination is the mainstay for definite diagnosis and management of thyroid neoplasms.
Prevalence and risk factors of Helicobacter pylori infections in the patients suffering from acid-peptic disease at tertiary care center, Gujarat, India
Authors: Kukreja Anjali K. , Pandya Himani B. , Kumar Santosh
Published: September 2018

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a medical encumber especially in the developing countries, ranging from acute inflammation to malignancy. The study is intended to explore the prevalence of H. pylori infection and also to compute its associated risk factors.Methods: Sixty two (n=62) symptomatic patients attending the tertiary care hospital, were included in the study. Two antral biopsies collected from each patient were subjected to rapid urease test and Gram staining. IgG antibodies were detected by rapid test based on the principle of Immunochromatography. To evaluate the risk factors, various determinants were asked to each patient in the form of questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done using Fisher exact test. P value < 0.05 was considered significant.Results: Prevalence rate of H. pylori infection was 24.19 % (15/62). More than half (53%) of the infected patients had complained of persistent burning abdominal pain. Prevalence rate was found highest in the patients suffering from peptic ulcer disease (66.6%, P=0.0237). Consumption of unfiltered water (P=0.007, Odd Ratio (OR)-1.06), eating spicy food, meat, fish and chili pepper (P=0.052, OR-1.01) was found the major risk factors. Addictive habits of either smoking/alcohol/tobacco (P=0.904) were not associated with infection.Conclusions: Prevalence of H. pylori infection was found low comparatively and was mainly associated with symptom of persistent burning abdominal pain and peptic ulcer. Use of unfiltered water, spicy food, chili pepper and meat undoubtedly increase the risk of acquiring H. pylori infection. Addictive habits were not significantly associated with infection.
A study of profile of patients failing first line NACO recommended ART
Authors: Mittal Mahim , Chand Phool , Mall Ashootosh Kumar
Published: September 2018

Background: Failure of first line NACO recommended Therapy has been reported in 1-5% cases of HIV/AIDS. Various factors are associated with failure. This study describes the profile of patients failing first line ART (FLA) in a predominately lower socioeconomic population. The objective of the present study was to identify factors associated with failure of FLA.Methods: Retrospective data analysis of patients failing first line therapy. Epidemiological information, clinical parameters and laboratory reports were taken into consideration. Data was analysed as per standard statistical analysis.Results: Out of a total 3926 patients on first line ART for varying periods of time from our ART centre 54 patients were on second line ART. Males (2.20%) had a high failure rate than females (0.50%). The average time of failure was 64.11 months with a median of 56.50 months. 74.1% (40/54) of the patients had very low CD4 count at the time of initial diagnosis. Failure rate of FLA was higher in the patients having Stavudine based regimen (NRTI) (6.61%) and 3.64% in patients having Nevirapine based regimen (NNRTI).Conclusions: Second line therapy is required only in a small number of patients at present, but as it is related to the duration on first line ART and also with initial low CD4 count, more and more patients will require SLA in the near future.
Depression and anxiety in patients with epilepsy
Authors: Gupta Sanyam , Sharma Nitin , Bharti Shantanu , Sharma Ruchita , Kohli Ajay , Agarwal Anju , Jilani Abdul Qadir , Shukla Ritu
Published: September 2018

Background: Anxiety and depression are commonly found in epileptic patients. However, the etiology behind the mechanism remains multifactorial, mostly because of variability in study settings. In order to fill the knowledge gap, we investigated the prevalence of anxiety and depression among epileptic patients and their correlation with certain demographic variables.Methods: In a Cross Sectional Out Patient Based Study, a total of 147 patients with epilepsy were recruited and evaluated for inclusion and exclusion criterion. Participants who met the inclusion criterion were assessed using standardized scales HARS and HADS rating scale for anxiety and depressive symptoms respectively.Results: 100 participants were included with mean age of 33.63 years for men and 30.16 years for females. 27% showed mild to severe anxiety and 21% had mild to moderate depression. Prevalence of both anxiety and depression was found more among females, singles, participants from urban background and having partial epilepsy. Significantly (p-0.020*) higher anxiety was seen in patients with partial epilepsy than those with generalized epilepsy.Conclusions: Individuals with partial epilepsy are more prone to get affected from comorbid disorder like anxiety and depression, especially females, singles and those from urban domicile.
Study of ECG changes in patients with acute stroke: a hospital based cross sectional study
Authors: V. Rambabu M. , P. Viswajyothi Rao
Published: September 2018

Background: Physicians are confronted on having ECG in patients with acute stroke as it can mimic that of myocardial infarction/ischemia. They should be aware of these changes taking place in patients with acute stroke and not due to myocardial infarction/ischemia. The objective of the present study was to study ECG changes in patients with acute stroke.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out for a period of six months at Malla Reddy Hospital. A total of 100 patients were included who were eligible for the presents study as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Detailed clinical examination, history, lipid profile, blood pressure, BMI, addictions, RBS and ECG were done for all selected patients. Data was analysed using means, proportions. Statistical tests like chi square test and t test were used.Results: Majority of patients with acute stroke were above 60 years of age, males, urban residents, professional and skilled persons, and alcoholics. Based on the study of ECG among patients with acute stroke it was found that T wave inversion was the most common ECG change found in 33% and this was more in females (36.1%) compared to 31.3% in males. LVH was next common condition found on ECG of acute stroke patients but this time its incidence was more in males (25%) compared to females with only 13.9%. Factors like age, BMI, SBP, DBP, TC, TG, LDL, VLDL, HDL, addictions, residence, sex, family history were not found to be associated with ECG changes.Conclusions: T wave inversion and left axis deviation along with left ventricular hypertrophy were common ECG changes in patients with acute stroke. No studied factor was found to be associated with ECG changes in patients with acute stroke.
Medical problems in children with Down syndrome
Authors: Vadakedom Suresh S. , Krishnan Deepa K. , Mammen Darly Saramma , P. Bindhu K. , Antony Jiji Mary
Published: September 2018

Background: Down syndrome (DS) is a major cause of mental retardation of prenatal origin and has several associated co-morbidities involving cardiovascular system, respiratory, endocrine system, hematological, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, eye and ear defects, immunological changes and neurological system. This study was conducted to identify the common medical problems in children with Down syndrome and the morbidity associated with these conditions. The objective of the present study was to find out the occurrence of different medical problems in children with DS.Methods: 42 children with a phenotype of Down syndrome in the age group of 0-12 years attending the outpatient, inpatient and Down syndrome Clinic of the Institute of Child Health, Kottayam during the study period were included in the study by purposive sampling. Demographic details were entered, and Pediatric Clinical Examination was performed by the investigator himself to identify the medical problems. Old medical reports were reviewed, and data entered into a proforma and statistically analysed.Results: Out of the 42 children with DS, 22 were males. 15 (35.7%) were less than 1 year, 20 (48.3%) children 1-5 years and 7 (16.1%) children 5-12 years of age. Mean age of the study group was 1.78±0.51 years. Mean age of their mothers at the time of conception was 30.6±5.8 years. 26 (57%) children with Down syndrome had a medical problem during the neonatal period which required hospitalization. Almost all systems are affected and craniofacial features, developmental delay and hypotonia were universal. Various forms of congenital heart diseases were observed in 67% and hypothyroidism in 23.8%.Conclusions: Down syndrome is a common genetic disorder with multisystem involvement. Congenital heart diseases, hypothyroidism and recurrent respiratory infections were the common medical problems identified in this study.
Incidence and profile of Helicobacter pylori infection among HIV positive patients
Authors: Rengaswamy Ramapriya , I. Thayumanavan
Published: September 2018

Background: People having HIV infection present with a number of symptoms related to gastrointestinal tract like dyspepsia. HIV itself as well as opportunistic infections is responsible for such symptoms. Notably is Helicobacter pylori infection causes variety of such symptoms. The objective of the present research was to study incidence and profile of Helicobacter pylori among HIV positive patients.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out over a period of two years among 101 HIV positive patients in the Department of General Medicine, Madurai Medical College, Madurai in collaboration with Department of Medical Gastroenterology and also Department of Venereology and Leporology. Rapid urease test was done. HIV status was confirmed by ELISA test. Data was analysed with the help of EPI statistical software.Results: Majority (40.6%) had CD4 count of 200-500. It has been observed that incidence of Helicobacter pylori was low in groups with low CD4 count. It was also observed that those with higher CD4 count had higher incidence of RUT positivity. This association was found to be statistically significant. The incidence of Helicobacter pylori positivity was not significantly different among those patients who were on ART (18%) and those who were not on ART (21%).Conclusions: The incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection was less in HIV positive patients. Those with CD4 cell count less than 100 had lower incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection than those with CD 4 cell count more than 500. Incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection was not affected by ART.
Post-partum recurrent hypoglycemia
Authors: Kodiatte Abraham A. , Jacob Jubbin J.
Published: September 2018

Hypoglycemia can be effortless to treat. Its evaluation on the other hand, needs a thorough appraisal. The studied patient had recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia post-delivery which were unprovoked. These conspicuous episodes of hypoglycemia prompted an evaluation and a swift arrival at the diagnosis. In hindsight, she had multiple, typical risk factors predisposing her to develop a Sheehan’s syndrome. This was an acute presentation of a familiar disease
Controle de frequência e tensão de micro centrais hidrelétricas que utilizam geradores de indução auto-excitados com emprego da modelagem não-linear de turbinas hidráulicas
Authors: Scherer Lucas Giuliani , De Camargo Robinson Figueiredo
Published: September 2018

Este artigo apresenta a modelagem e o controle de frequência e tensão de micro centrais hidrelétricas aplicadas a geradores de indução auto-excitados. Para o controle de frequência da turbina hidraúlica foi considerada a modelagem não-linear aplicada a esse tipo de turbina e o emprego de um controlador, com características de um controlador do tipo proporcionalderivativo, aplicado a um sistema que emula a operação de uma turbina hidráulica, composto de um inversor de frequência acionando um motor de indução trifásico. O controle de tensão é realizado através de um inversor alimentado em tensão com modulação por largura de pulso. O inversor PWM opera como um compensador estático de reativos, que absorve ou injeta energia reativa no sistema de acordo com a carga aplicada, de forma a regular as tensões nos terminais do gerador de indução. Todo o sistema de controle proposto é implementado digitalmente utilizando processador digital de sinais. Ainda, ao longo do artigo, são apresentados resultados de simulação e resultados experimentais com o intuito de demonstrar a ação do sistema de controle na regulação das variáveis do sistema de geração, tanto em termos de controle de frequência quanto de controle de tensão.
A Review of Hybrid Power Ampli!er Technologies
Authors: Beltrame Rafael C. , Cazakevicius Fabricio E. , Martins Mário L. da Silva , Rech Cassiano , Hey Hélio L.
Published: September 2018

With the aim of synthesizing high-fidelity voltage waveforms without penalizing the system efficiency, several works have proposed hybrid power amplifiers (HPAs), composed of linear and switching amplifiers, combining the benefits of each approach. According to the connection of the linear and the switched amplifiers, the HPAs are classified as envelope, parallel and series configurations. Each configuration holds particular characteristics that can be advantageous in some applications meanwhile to be quite stringent in others. This way, through a review of literature, this work aims to identify the features of each configuration, highlighting its benefits and possible limitations. The topologies proposed hitherto are analyzed from the circuit and control perspective. Therefore, this paper can be useful for one who is starting researching on this field or aims to select a suitable hybrid arrangement for a given application. Finally, an experimental case study is analyzed and future trends in research on HPAs are addressed.
Análise e Projeto da Topologia Integrada Sepic Meia Ponte com Controle de Fluxo Luminoso para o Acionamento de Lâmpadas Fluorescentes sem Eletrodos
Authors: Silva Marcelo F. da , Fraytag Jeferson , Schlittler Marson E. , Marchesan Tiago B. , Alonso J. Marcos , Prado Ricardo N. do
Published: September 2018

Este artigo apresenta um reator eletrônico para lâmpadas fluorescentes sem eletrodos (LFSE), no qual se elucidam as questões de projeto e desenvolvimento. O reator é destinado à alimentação de uma LFSE de 100 W em 250 kHz, com a possibilidade de controle da intensidade luminosa. A topologia proposta compõe-se por um conversor SEPIC (Single-Ended Primary Inductance Converter), empregado como estágio pré-regulador de fator de potência (PFP), integrado a um inversor meia ponte (Half-Bridge) ressonante, utilizado como estágio de controle de potência (CP). A integração entre os dois estágios, acima descritos, é proposta neste trabalho, com o principal intuito de reduzir o número de interruptores ativos, aumentando, assim, a confiabilidade do reator eletrônico proposto. Resultados experimentais ratificam a viabilidade da solução proposta, a qual atingiu-se uma faixa de controle de potência de aproximadamente 54% (100 W até 46 W). A topologia implementada possui elevado fator de potência (0,989) associado a uma baixa distorção harmônica de corrente (THD) (14,929%), sem o emprego de filtros de entrada adicionais para supressão da interferência eletromagnética (IEM). O rendimento experimental da topologia é de 87%, na potência nominal da lâmpada.
Voltage Type Z-source Converters: Overview of the Main Topologies
Authors: Jr. Euzeli C. dos Santos , Bradaschia Fabricio , Cavalcanti Marcelo C. , Silva Edison R. C. da
Published: September 2018

This paper presents a review in terms of new configurations involving the Z-source converter concept. Since its first appearance, it is evident the importance assumed by the Z-source converter in the last years as a new topological structure with interesting features. As far as the authors’ interest regarding the Z-source converter increases, new topologies have been developed for different applications. In spite of that, it is not observed in technical literature any reference furnishing a compilation of themain configurations related to this topic. The goal of this paper is to provide a complete range on the status of the Z-source converter topologies to professionals and researchers interested in this topic. The configurations are grouped in five categories: (i) twolevel configuration, (ii) multilevel configuration, (iii) Zsource network improvement, (iv) ac-ac conversion, and (v) matrix converter. Based on the paper organization, it is possible to trace objectively the main developments in terms of new Z- source converter topologies.
Implementação de um Sistema Ups Monofásico com Condicionamento Ativo de Potência Série e Paralela
Authors: Barriviera Rodrigo , Silva Sérgio A. Oliveira da , Kaster Maurício dos Santos , Modesto Rodrigo A.
Published: September 2018

Este artigo apresenta a implementação de um sistema de energia ininterrupta (UPS – Uninterruptible Power Supply) monofásico, usando um algoritmo de compensação baseado no sistema de eixos de referência síncrona, resultando na supressão de harmônicos e compensação de afundamentos e elevações da tensão da rede elétrica, bem como na compensação de potência reativa e a supressão dos harmônicos da corrente de carga, resultando em uma efetiva correção do fator de potência. A UPS é composta por dois conversores PWM, os quais realizam as funções de filtros ativos série e paralelo. Na estratégia de controle adotada, o conversor série irá operar como uma fonte de corrente senoidal enquanto o conversor paralelo irá operar como uma fonte de tensão senoidal. Ensaios experimentais são realizados a fim de confirmar o desenvolvimento teórico e avaliar o desempenho do sistema UPS line-interactive.
Identi<cação de Falhas Utilizando Informações de Sensores Presentes no Quadro de Comando dos Motores 763
Authors: Baccarini Lane M. R. , Menezes Benjamim. R. de , Batista Leandro H. , Caminhas Walmir M.
Published: September 2018

A evolução das técnicas de produção tem elevado de forma sensível a capacidade produtiva das plantas industriais, podendo-se afirmar que esse aumento é causado principalmente pelo aumento da capacidade produtiva dos seus equipamentos. Como as etapas do ciclo de vida dos equipamentos exigem elevados investimentos, notadamente as etapas de manutenção necessitam garantir altos índices de operação. Tais índices podem ser obtidos através da redução do número de falhas e o gerenciamento das suas severidades. Atualmente existem diversos métodos de diagnóstico, porém muitos se mostram de baixo custo/benefício, ineficazes ou mesmo de difícil aplicação em processos reais. Outra questão existente é o fato de que muitos processos rodam de forma contínua ou estão em ambientes agressivos para o homem, exigindo que o monitoramento seja feito sem a parada do acionamento, de forma não invasiva e, principalmente, sem expor o técnico ao contato direto com a máquina. Assim, este trabalho apresenta um sistema de diagnóstico de falhas elétricas e mecânicas em motores de indução, em tempo real, utilizando apenas as informações de sensores presentes no painel de comando dos motores.
Balo’s concentric sclerosis: a case report
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Meltem , TURAN Aynur , DİLLİ Alper
Published: September 2018

Balo’s concentric sclerosis is a rare variant of
multiple sclerosis which is characterized by lesions consisting rings of
demyelination alternating with areas of relatively preserved myelin. These
pathological changes are reflected by characteristic magnetic resonance imaging
findings. We present the imaging findings of a case of BCS who presented with
an acute neurological disturbance, showed a dramatical recovery following
corticosteroid therapy, and remained free of relapse for more than 1 year. Although
previously considered as a fulminant and fatal disease, characteristic MRI
findings of Balo’s concentric sclerosis enable earlier diagnosis and treatment,
and better prognosis.
Millennialist Narrative and Apocalyptic Violence
Authors: Momen Moojan
Published: September 2018

The Babi movement of Iran came to a society in the nineteenth century that had a set millennialist narrative, which included an apocalyptic battle between the forces of good (led by the Imam Mahdi) and evil. Its founder, the Bab, at first appeared to claim to be just the intermediary for the Imam Mahdi, but later claimed to be the Imam Mahdi himself. This set in train expectations that the apocalyptic narrative of violence would begin. The writings and actions of the Bab were provocative, but there was nothing in them to suggest an initiation of violence. Indeed, he specifically held back from calling for a jihad, which the Imam Mahdi was expected to do. Over a period of time, however, the Islamic clerics escalated matters, calling on the state to intervene to halt the spread of the movement. This led eventually to violent confrontations in three locations in Iran in 1848-1850 and an attempted assassination of the Shah in 1852. This paper looks at the events of 1848-50 and describes how the apocalyptic narrative played out. It frames the events that occurred within the theoretical schema of assaulted, fragile and revolutionary millennialist groups suggested by Wessinger and examines the stages in the escalation of the conflict, the narratives that informed this, and specifically at those factors that increased the likelihood of violence. It also examines developments after 1852 that moved the focus of the religion, now called the Baha'i religion, from catastrophic millennialism (pre-millennialism) to progressive millennialism (post-millennialism).
Old Tool for New Times
Authors: Bevilacqua Daniela
Published: September 2018

This paper aims to show how different typologies of narration can be involved in the place-making process of a religious centre in India based on the claim of a yogi to have discovered in a jungle an ancient holy place, Garh Dhām, through his powers. As recorded by a devotee-run website, it was claimed to be the same place where King Surath met the sage Medha – as narrated in theDevīMāhātmya, a famous section of the Markaṇḍeya Purāṇa – and where the first ever Durgā Pūjā (worship) was ‘historically’ celebrated. The ‘discoverer’ is a yogi, Brahmānand Girī, who living in jungle was able to find hidden temples thanks to his austerity (tapasyā) and yogic powers (siddhis). The narration of his life story and of his powers recalls those appearing in Indian hagiographies and texts that describe siddhis. The discovery of a holy place by a yogi does not represent an isolated case since similar discoveries dot the history of Hindu religious orders. As in these latter cases, the place-making process of Garh Dhām aims to give authority and legitimacy to the foundation of a new religious centre and so to further spread the Durgā cult in the area and to attract pilgrims.
Scientism and Post-Truth
Authors: Puca Angela
Published: September 2018

The last decades have seen an increasing interest towards Shamanism in the Western world, both among scholars and those who practise shamanism. The academic interest has been mainly focussed on identifying the differences between forms of contemporary Shamanism in the West and traditional Shamanisms as experienced among indigenous peoples. A related aspect that needs further development in the field is the analysis of the philosophical underpinning that lies behind this relatively new religious tradition and its manifestations.

Initial findings, derived from data collected as part of a research project on autochthonous and trans-cultural Shamanism in Italy, suggest that there are two paradigms shaping the neo-shamanic experiential approach. I will start by clarifying the notion of paradigm as the founding basis of every reasoning process, cultural production and hence religious movement. Then, I will argue that the Scientistic and Post-truth paradigms represent two founding bases of Neo-shamanism and its scholarly recognised traits and will conclude by addressing the issue of a potential contradiction between the two will be addressed.
Reengineering support for competitive advantage through organizational basis, information and communication technology: a literature review
Authors: Riyanto Agus , Primiana Ina , Yunizar  , Azis Yudi
Published: September 2018

This research is intended to collect and investigate the previous research that is related to reengineering with Business Process Reengineering (BPR) in manufacturing industry to achieve a “competitive advantage”. The purpose of this study is to provide a general overview of the relationship between BPR variables, competitive advantage variables, organizational commitment variables, organizational change management variables, information and communication technology variables, which are supported by IDEF0 method.This research overall uses secondary data sources from a research published in a journal and proceeding for the variables of BPR, competitive advantage, organizational commitment, organizational change management, information and communication technology, which is supported by IDEF0 method.This study is limited to the existing research subject that was in online media and the specific purpose is to review a progress in the BPR, which is mainly based on organization, information technology and engineering. The previous researches concluded that there were influencing variables toward BPR, which is related to competitive advantage.
Pre-Service Information Technologies Teachers' Views on Computer Programming Tools for K-12 Level
Authors: AltÄ±ok Serhat , YÃ¼kseltÃ¼rk Erman
Published: September 2018

The purpose of the study is to analyze pre-service IT teachers' views on seminar which is supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) related to current methodologies and tools in K-12 computer programming education. The study sample consisted of 44 pre-service IT teachers who study as 3rd or 4th undergraduate program at Department of Computer Education and Instructional Technology in 21 different universities. The data is collected through a Studentsâ€™ Perceptions about Kidâ€™s Programming Language Questionnaire consisting of 27 five-point Likert-type items, grouped under three factors. The collected quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as means, standard deviations. The results of the study indicated that almost all visual programming tools have positive effects on studentsâ€™ views, Small Basic is not as effective as other tools. It is due to this situation that Small Basic tool is text-based in contrast to the other block-based features.
Computational concepts reflected on Scratch programs
Authors: Kwon Kyungbin , Lee Sang Joon , Chung Jaehwa
Published: September 2018

Evaluating the quality of studentsâ€™ programs is necessary for better teaching and learning.Â  Although many innovative learning environments for computer science have been introduced, the scarcity of program evaluation frames and tools is a demanding issue in the teaching practice.Â  This study examined the quality of studentsâ€™ Scratch programs by utilizing Dr. Scratch and by analyzing codes based on four computational concepts: conditions, loops, abstractions, and variables.Â  Twenty-three Scratch programs from two classes were examined.Â  Dr. Scratch results revealed that Scratch programs demonstrated a middle level of competency in computational thinking.Â  The analysis of computational concepts suggested that students had a sufficient understanding of the main concepts and demonstrated computing competency by applying the concepts into their programs.Â  The study also discussed inefficient programming habits, instructional issues utilizing Scratch, and the importance of problem decomposition skills.
RICE CULTIVATION IN AMUR REGION
Authors: Borovoy Evgeny Pavlovich , Makannikova Marina Vasilievna , Lapshakova Larisa Alexandrovna
Published: September 2018

Rice plays an important role in the modern diet of Russian people. It occupies a leading position in area, yield, and gross grain harvest among all cereal crops. The aim of the research is development of optimal irrigation regimes that ensure rational use of water resources in southern agricultural zone of Amur Region. Setting and conducting field and laboratory experiments, system approaches and modern research methods were used. The article presents the results of studies on rice cultivation under different irrigation regimes. In the southern zone of Amur Region, along with water regimes of 70, 80, 90% of FMC, differentiated rice irrigation regimes were studied, combining differentiation of presumed humidity thresholds and wetting depth of active soil layer 75...85% of FMC (0.4 and 0.6 m); 80% of FMC (0.4 and 0.6 m). In addition, various flooding regimes of rice field (short and intermittent flooding), seeding rates, timing of sowing, rice cultivars were studied. Obtaining a rice grain yield of more than 4 tons per hectare is ensured by application of mineral fertilizers in the dose of N120P30K30 and seeding rate of 5 million seeds. Optimum seeding time was set from 20 to 25 May. Based on the results of the research, irrigation water was saved, as well as yield increased by optimizing irrigation rice regimes using sprinkling by differentiating presumed moisture thresholds and wetting depth. When rice was cultivated under flooding system of irrigation, it was established that regime of shortened flooding turned to be optimal. When sprinkling in conditions of southern agricultural zone of Amur Region, differential irrigation regime of 75...85% of FMC in active soil layer was 0.4 and 0.6 m.