bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Syndrome of Intractable Diarrhoea with Persistent Villous Atrophy in Early Childhood: A Clinicopathological Survey of 47 Cases
Authors: Goulet O. J. , Brousse N. , Canioni D. , Walker‐Smith J. A. , Schmitz J. , Phillips A. D.
Published: February 2024

Background:

The syndrome of intractable diarrhoea of infancy is heterogeneous and includes several diseases with diverse aetiologies. This study determines whether diagnostic categories can be defined on the basis of clinicopathological analysis.

Methods:

European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition members were surveyed to identify cases of intractable diarrhoea with persisting small intestinal enteropathy. A retrospective clinicopathological analysis was performed on cases showing life‐threatening diarrhoea within the first 24 mo of life and requiring total parenteral nutrition, which were characterized by persistent villous atrophy, and resistance to therapy.

Results:

Forty‐seven infants were identified with intractable diarrhoea. Villous atrophy was of varying degrees with (group I, n = 24) or without(group II, n = 18) lamina propria mononuclear cell infiltration. Group I presented later, had gut auto‐antibodies, and a higher prevalence of protein‐losing enteropathy; a subset (group Ia, n = 12) also had extraintestinal symptoms of autoimmunity associated with a later onset of larger volume diarrhoea. Group II presented early; 8 cases (group IIa) had phenotypic abnormalities and a low birth weight; the remaining 10 (group IIb) showed mild‐to‐moderate villous atrophy, epithelial tufting, and abnormal crypts. Group III included five patients in whom no specific features were recognised. Twenty‐one (45%) died at a median age of 24 months, 20 (43%) remained dependent on parenteral (n = 16) or enteral tube(n = 4) feeding, 4 (9%) received elimination diets plus other therapies, and 2 (4%) were lost to follow‐up.

Conclusions:

Clinicopathological analysis allowed distinct disease groups to be identified, allowing a provisional classification to be made. This straightforward approach forms a basis for future research in this exceptionally difficult paediatric condition.
Intestinal Absorption of Ursodeoxycholic Acid in Children and Adolescents with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Fujisawa Takuji , Kimura Akihiko , Ushijima Kosuke , Nakashima Eisuke , Inoue Toshiro , Yamashita Yasuhiro , Kato Hirohisa
Published: February 2024

Background:

Ursodeoxycholic acid absorption in the proximal intestine may be impaired in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Methods:

We examined the intestinal absorption of ursodeoxycholic acid by the oral ursodeoxycholic acid tolerance test in 19 children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease at various stages, including 8 patients with unoperated Crohn's disease, 3 patients with ileal‐resected Crohn's disease, 8 with ulcerative colitis, and 8 healthy control subjects.

Results:

Ursodeoxycholic acid malabsorption was present in all patients with unoperated Crohn's disease in the first diagnosed active stage, in 3 of 5 patients in a relapsing active stage, and in 2 of 8 patients in remission. Ursodeoxycholic acid absorption was significantly lower in patients in the first diagnosed active stage than in the healthy controls (p < 0.01) or in patients in remission (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference between healthy controls and the patients in a relapsing active stage or in remission. Ursodeoxycholic acid absorption was abnormal during the first postoperative month in patients with ileal‐resected Crohn's disease, but normalized over time. Malabsorption of ursodeoxycholic acid was not observed in any patients with ulcerative colitis.

Conclusions:

These findings suggest that absorption of ursodeoxycholic acid in the proximal intestine is impaired in patients with Crohn's disease and that the oral ursodeoxycholic acid tolerance test is a convenient and useful means of evaluating the absorption of bile acid in the proximal intestine in pediatric patients with ileal or ileocolic Crohn's disease.
Plasma Amino Acid Concentrations, Indexes of Protein Metabolism and Growth in Healthy, Full‐Term Infants Fed Partially Hydrolyzed Infant Formula
Authors: Decsi Tamás , Veitl Volker , Burus István
Published: February 2024

Background:

It has been reported that feeding extensively hydrolyzed infant formula influenced the availability of arginine, glycine, histidine, lysine and threonine in full‐term infants investigated during the first 2 months of life. In the present study, the nutritional effects of feeding partially hydrolyzed formula (PHF) were investigated.

Methods:

Term infants fed conventional formula (F; n = 11) or PHF(n = 11) were investigated at the ages of 5, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days. Anthropometric data were obtained, and plasma amino acid concentrations and biochemical indices of protein metabolism were measured.

Results:

Plasma concentrations (in micromoles per liter) of lysine on day 90: 117(21) versus 143 (24); of threonine on day 30: 140 (53) versus 263(87); of ornithine on day 90: 56 (21) versus 78 (29); and of tyrosine on day 30: 52 (17) versus 77 (20), on day 60: 56 (14) versus 87 (19) and on day 90: 46 (9) versus 81 (17) were significantly lower in infants receiving PHF than in those fed F. Values are median (range from 1st to 3rd quartile), PHF versus F; p < 0.05. At day 120, infants fed PHF showed significantly lower serum albumin concentrations than did infants receiving F (43.3 ± 3.4 versus 48.9 ± 3.5, g/l; mean ± SD; p < 0.05). Serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, uric acid and total protein concentrations and gain in weight, length, and head circumference did not differ throughout the study.

Conclusions:

In this study, feeding PHF did not affect the majority of plasma amino acid concentrations, some indices of protein metabolism, and basic parameters of growth in full‐term infants. However, plasma concentrations of lysine, threonine, tyrosine, ornithine, and albumin were, on at least one occasion, significantly lower in infants fed PHF than in those receiving F.
Nutrient Intake and Growth of Infants with Phenylketonuria Undergoing Therapy
Authors: Acosta Phyllis B. , Yannicelli Steven , Marriage Barbara , Mantia Carol , Gaffield Barbara , Porterfield Melanie , Hunt Melanie , McMaster Nancy , Bernstein Laurie , Parton Patricia , Kuehn Marilyn , Lewis Vyoone
Published: February 2024

Background:

Because of reports of poor growth, a study was conducted for 6 months in 35 infants with classic phenylketonuria diagnosed during the neonatal period who were fed Phenex‐1 Amino Acid Modified Medical Food With Iron (Ross Products Division, Columbus, OH, U.S.A.) as their primary protein source.

Methods:

Diet diaries and anthropometric measures were obtained monthly as part of a larger study in which nutrition status was evaluated.

Results:

In 6‐month‐old infants, mean percentiles for crownheel length (59.14± 4.31 SEM), head circumference (63.88 ± 4.50) and weight(71.51 ± 4.25) were normal. Mean (± SEM) daily intake of medical food was 79 ± 4 g; protein and energy intakes were 17.3± 0.6 g and 2772 ± 75.6 kJ (660 ± 18 kcal). Mean daily phenylalanine and tyrosine intakes per kilogram of body weight were 40± 1 mg and 219 ± 9 mg. Intakes of protein, energy, and tyrosine were positively correlated with crown‐heel length, head circumference, and weight at 3 months of study. Overall plasma phenylalanine and tyrosine concentrations during the 6‐month study were 297 ± 41 µmol/l and 58 ± 5 µmol/l, respectively. Neither plasma phenylalanine nor tyrosine concentration was correlated with growth.

Conclusion:

Phenex‐1 supports normal growth when fed in adequate amounts. These data support those of the Medical Research Council Working Party on Phenylketonuria for 3 g/kg per day of amino acids from medical food.
Helicobacter pylori‐Positive Gastritis in Pediatric Patients with Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Kolho Kaija‐Leera , Rautelin Hilpi , Lindahl Harry , Savilahti Erkki
Published: February 2024

Background:

Gastritis is a common finding in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. However, the association of gastritis with Helicobacter pylori is unclear in these patients.

Methods:

The prevalence of antibodies for H. pylori in serum was determined in 47 pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (19 with Crohn's disease, 21 with ulcerative colitis, and 7 with unclassified disease). H. pylori antibodies of the IgG and IgA classes were measured by enzyme immunoassay in 24 patients at the time of diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease and in 23 more patients during the follow‐up of inflammatory bowel disease (mean follow‐up, 3.5 years; range 1‐10 years). Esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed on 40 patients during the examination for inflammatory bowel disease.

Results:

In contrast to earlier findings, no patient was determined to be positive for H. pylori, either in serologic or histologic examination. This negative finding was unexpected, because it is known that approximately 10% of asymptomatic Finnish children have antibodies for H. pylori in serum and approximately 10% of analyses of specimens obtained in gastric antral biopsies obtained at the Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Helsinki, Finland, are positive for H. pylori.

Conclusions:

Permanent colonization of the stomach with H. pylori is unusual in children with inflammatory bowel disease.
Oxalate, Citrate, and Sulfate Concentration in Human Milk Compared with Formula Preparations: Influence on Urinary Anion Excretion
Authors: Hoppe Bernd , Roth Bernd , Bauerfed Christian , Langman Craig B.
Published: February 2024

Background:

Nephrocalcinosis is not uncommon in preterm infants, and elevated urinary oxalate excretion is know to be one of the main risk factors. When oxalate excretion was found to be higher in formula‐fed than in human milk‐fed infants, the formulas' oxalate content was thought to be responsible.

Methods:

the oxalate concentration in human milk (21 samples obtained during lactogenesis; 17 samples obtained during established lactation) and of 16 formula preparation was examined. Citrate and sulfate concentrations were also measured, because both anions influence urinary saturation.

Results:

The mean (± SE) oxalate content of human milk increased approximately 27% from early lactogenesis (70.4 ± 6.4 µmol/l) to established lactation (96.4 ± 9.5 µmol/l; p < 0.05). The latter was not different from the mean oxalate concentration of formula (98.2 ± 11.4 µmol/l), however a fourfold range of measurements was recorded in both groups. The mean citrate content of human milk increased only slightly after early lactogenesis (2.66 ± 0.22 mmol/l), but remained significantly lower than in formula (3.34 ± 0.23 mmol/l; p<0.05). The mean sulfate concentration did not increase and was 13 times lower in human milk (52.1 ± 9.5 µmol/l) than in formula (688.7 ± 95.4 µmol/l; p < 0.0001).

Conclusions:

The higher oxalate excretion in formula‐fed infants is not because of the milk's oxalate concentration. Urinary citrate and sulfate excretion may be influenced by their higher concentrations in formula preparations, which may be of clinical importance in the population that is at risk for development of nephrocalcinosis.
Treatment histories, barriers, and preferences for individuals with symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder
Authors: Basile Vesna Trenoska , Newton‐John Toby , Wootton Bethany M.
Published: February 2024

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a prevalent and chronic mental health condition, associated with considerable individual and economic burden. Despite the availability of effective treatments, many individuals do not access support. The current study explores treatment histories, barriers to help‐seeking, and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) treatment preferences for individuals with clinically significant GAD symptoms. The utility of Health Belief Model (HBM) in predicting help‐seeking is also examined. A cross‐sectional design with 127 participants (Mage = 29.17; SD = 11.86; 80.3% female) was used. Sixty‐two percent of participants reported previously seeking psychological treatment, and approximately 28% received CBT in the first instance. The most influential treatment barriers were a desire to solve the problem on one's own (M = 1.96, SD = 0.96), followed by affordability (M = 1.75, SD = 1.15) and feeling embarrassed or ashamed (M = 1.75, SD = 1.06). The most preferred treatment modes were in‐person individual treatment (M = 7.59, SD = 2.86) followed by remote treatment via videoconferencing (M = 4.31, SD = 3.55). Approximately 38% of the variance in intention to seek treatment was associated with the HBM variables, with perceived benefit of treatment being the strongest predictor. Results have the potential to inform mental health service delivery by reducing treatment barriers and aligning public health campaigns with benefits of psychological treatments.
The relationship between the psychological resilience and general health levels of earthquake survivor nursing students in Kahramanmaras earthquakes, the disaster of the century
Authors: Sirin Gok Meltem , Aydin Ayşe , Baga Yaprak , Ciftci Bahar
Published: February 2024

The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between the psychological resilience of earthquake survivor students and their general health status. This descriptive and correlational study was conducted at a state university in Turkey in June 2023 with the nursing department students of a university that experienced two major earthquakes in Turkey on February 6, 2023. The sample of the study consisted of 287 students. The data of the study were collected with the “Descriptive Characteristics Form,” “Brief Resilience Scale,” and “General Health Questionnaire‐12.” Filling out the forms took approximately 5−10 min. It was determined in the present study that the psychological resilience of the earthquake survivor students was moderate. It was found that the girls, second graders, those with higher income levels, those who did not receive medication/professional support for their mental health, and those who described their health as good generally had higher psychological resilience levels. It was found that the general health status of the earthquake survivors was at an increased risk level, and 69% of them were at high risk for mental diseases. The mental health of girls, first graders, those who had low‐income levels, those who lost loved ones in the earthquake, those whose houses were damaged, those who received medication/professional support for mental health, those who did not generally participate in distance education, and those who described their health as deficient in general, had worse mental health levels. A high relationship was detected between nursing students' psychological resilience and mental health (p < 0.05). It was concluded in the present study that as the psychological resilience of the students increased, the risk of mental disease decreased.
Lung ultrasound score in the decision of patent ductus arteriosus closure in neonates
Authors: Ozdemir Mustafa , Tepe Tugay , Ozlu Ferda , Yapicioglu Hacer , Atmıs Anıl , Demir Fadli , Unal Ilker , Narli Nejat
Published: February 2024

Purpose

We aimed to investigate the role of lung ultrasound (LUS) score in the closure of hemodynamically insignificant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and the clinical findings of the patients before and after closure.

Methods

The study groups (107 preterm neonates under 34 gestational weeks) were classified as hemodynamically significant PDA (group 1), hemodynamically insignificant PDA with closure therapy (group 2), hemodynamically insignificant PDA without closure therapy (group 3), and no PDA group (group 4) based on the echocardiography. 6‐ and 10‐region LUS scores were compared for each group.

Results

There was a significant difference between groups 1 and 3 on first, third, and seventh days. In contrast, groups 1 and 2 had similar LUS scores on the first, third, and seventh days. There was a negative correlation between LUS scores on the first and third days and gestational age, birth weight, the first‐ and fifth‐minute APGAR scores, and there was a positive correlation between aortic root to left atrium ratio, and PDA diameter/weight ratio.

Conclusion

We observed that LUS scores in patients with hemodynamically insignificant PDA treated with closure therapy were similar to in patients with hemodynamically significant PDA. Thus, LUS score can have role in PDA closure in preterm neonates. However, more comprehensive studies are needed.
Semaglutide improves metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis: A 10‐year retrospective study
Authors: Shah Parth , White Megan , Sievert Alex , Conway Alexander , Kneepkens Adam , Sayuk Gregory , Lisker‐Melman Mauricio , Elwing Jill
Published: February 2024

Background and Aims

Semaglutide has been studied in patients with metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis (MASH) due to potential benefit from weight loss on liver inflammation. However, preclinical studies suggest that MASH improvement may be independent of weight loss. We aim to assess the impact of semaglutide on MASH in relation to weight loss.

Methods

This retrospective study included 420 patients with diabetes on semaglutide for at least 12 months between 2011 and 2022. Exclusion criteria were liver disease other than MASH, decompensated cirrhosis, malignancy, and bariatric surgery. Primary endpoints were clinically significant improvements in AST or ALT (mean difference > 6.3 U/L and > 10.6 U/L respectively). Statistical analysis included Student's t‐test/ANOVA, Wilcoxon signed‐rank test/Friedman test as appropriate, and binary logistic regression.

Results

Median duration of semaglutide was 22.5 months and 80% of patients received 1 mg/week. BMI improved by a mean (SD) of 1.9 points (2.8), weight by 13.3 lbs. (19.1), AST by 4.1 U/L (11.5), and ALT by 5.3 U/L (14.2). In 28% and 22% of patients respectively, AST and ALT had a clinically significant improvement. MASH scores (NFS, FIB4, APRI) improved after semaglutide (p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences in AST or ALT improvement were found when patients were stratified by BMI prior to semaglutide or when stratified by percentage of weight loss. On logistic regression, the duration of semaglutide and pretreatment APRI score increased the odds of clinically significant improvements of AST and ALT.

Conclusion

Semaglutide treatment was associated with improvement in transaminases and MASH scores. Higher odds of positive semaglutide effects were observed with longer treatment duration and were independent of weight loss.
Fungal and fungal‐like diversity present in ornithogenically influenced maritime Antarctic soils assessed using metabarcoding
Authors: Gonçalves Vívian Nicolau , Pimenta Raphael Sânzio , Lopes Fabyano A. C. , Santos Karita C. R. , Silva Micheline C. , Convey Peter , Câmara Paulo E. A. S. , Rosa Luiz H.
Published: February 2024

We assessed soil fungal and fungal‐like diversity using metabarcoding in ornithogenically influenced soils around nests of the bird species Phalacrocorax atriceps, Macronectes giganteus, Pygoscelis antarcticus, and Pygoscelis adelie on the South Shetland Islands, maritime Antarctic. A total of 1,392,784 fungal DNA reads was obtained and assigned to 186 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). The dominant fungal phylum was Ascomycota, followed by Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Rozellomycota, Mortierellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Mucoromycota, and the fungal‐like Oomycota (Stramenopila), in rank order. Antarctomyces sp., Blastocladiomycota sp., Pseudogymnoascus pannorum, Microascaceae sp., Mortierella sp., Lobulomycetales sp., Sordariomycetes sp., Fungal sp., Rhizophydiales sp., Pseudeurotiaceae sp., Chytridiomycota sp. 1, Filobasidiella sp., Tausonia pullulans, Betamyces sp., and Leucosporidium sp. were the most abundant assigned taxa. The fungal assemblages present in the different ornithogenically influenced soils displayed different diversity indices. However, in general, we detected high fungal diversity and few taxa shared between the samples. Despite the polyextreme environmental conditions experienced in these Antarctic soils, the metabarcoding approach detected a rich and complex fungal community dominated by saprophytes, but with some pathogenic taxa also present. The community was dominated by psychrophilic and psychrotolerant taxa, some apparently endemic to Antarctica, and those identified only at higher taxonomic levels, which may represent currently undescribed fungi. The mycobiome detected included taxa characterized by different ecological roles, including saprotrophic, human‐ and animal‐associated, phytopathogenic, mutualistic, and cosmopolitan. These fungi may potentially be dispersed by birds or in the air column over great distances, including between different regions within Antarctica and from South America, Africa, and Oceania.
Land suitability analysis for turmeric crop for humid tropical Kerala, India, under current and future climate scenarios using advanced geospatial techniques
Authors: Banu M , Krishnamurthy KS , Srinivasan V , Kandiannan K , Surendran U
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Turmeric cultivation primarily thrives in India, followed by Bangladesh, Cambodia, Thailand, China, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines. India leads globally in both area and production of turmeric. Despite this, there is a recognized gap in research regarding the impact of climate change on site suitability of turmeric. The primary objective of the present study was to evaluate both the present and future suitability of turmeric cultivation within the humid tropical region of Kerala, India, by employing advanced geospatial techniques. The research utilized meteorological data from the Indian Meteorological Department for the period of 1986–2020 as historical data and projected future data from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Four climatic scenarios of shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change AR6 model of MIROC6 for the year 2050 (SSP 1–2.6, SSP 2–4.5, SSP 3–7.0 and SSP 5–8.5) were used.

RESULTS

The results showed that suitable area for turmeric cultivation is declining in future scenario and this decline can be primarily attributed to fluctuations in temperature and an anticipated increase in rainfall in the year 2050. Notable changes in the spatial distribution of suitable areas over time were observed through the application of geographic information system (GIS) techniques. Importantly, as per the suitability criteria provided by ICAR‐National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (ICAR‐NBSS & LUP), all the districts in Kerala exhibited moderately suitable conditions for turmeric cultivation. With the GIS tools, the study identified highly suitable, moderately suitable, marginally suitable and not suitable areas of turmeric cultivation in Kerala. Presently 28% of area falls under highly suitable, 41% of area falls under moderately suitable and 11% falls under not suitable for turmeric cultivation. However, considering the projected scenarios for 2050 under the SSP framework, there will be a significant decrease in highly suitable area by 19% under SSP 5–8.5. This reduction in area will have an impact on the productivity of the crop as a result of changes in temperature and rainfall patterns.

CONCLUSION

The outcome of the present research suggests that the state of Kerala needs to implement suitable climate change adaptation and management strategies for sustaining the turmeric cultivation. Additionally, the present study includes a discussion on potential management strategies to address the challenges posed by changing climatic conditions for optimizing turmeric production in the region. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
A guide for addressing sexual health in breast cancer patients
Authors: Kim Minji , Carter Jeanne , Tadros Audree B. , Abuhdra Nour , Nelson Jonas A. , Stern Carrie S.
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Sexual health concerns are common in breast cancer surgery but often overlooked. Yet, breast cancer patients want more sexual health information from their providers. We aimed to share ways for providers to address sexual health concerns with their breast cancer patients at different stages of the treatment process.

Methods

Experts in breast cancer treatments, surgeries, and sexual health at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center assembled to review the literature and to develop the recommendations.

Results

Providers should provide sexual health information for their breast cancer patients throughout the continuum of care. Conversations should be initiated by the providers and can be brief and informative. Whenever appropriate, patients should be referred to Sexual Medicine experts and/or psychosocial support. There are various recommendations and tools that can be utilized at diagnosis, endocrine and chemotherapy, and breast surgery to identify patients with sexual health concerns and to improve their sexual functioning.

Conclusion

In this paper, we sought to provide providers with some insights, suggestions, and tools to address sexual health concerns. We encourage healthcare providers to initiate the conversation throughout the continuum of care beginning as early as diagnosis and refer patients to additional services if available.
Acute clinical evaluation for the diagnosis of lateral ankle ligament injuries is useful: A comparison between the acute and delayed settings
Authors: Baltes Thomas P. A. , Geertsema Celeste , Geertsema Liesel , Holtzhausen Louis , Arnáiz Javier , Al‐Naimi Maryam R. , Al‐Sayrafi Omar , Whiteley Rod , Slim Monia , D'Hooghe Pieter , Kerkhoffs Gino M. M. J. , Tol Johannes L.
Published: February 2024

Purpose

To determine the diagnostic value of seven injury history variables, nine clinical tests (including the combination thereof) and overall clinical suspicion for complete discontinuity of the lateral ankle ligaments in the acute (0–2 days post‐injury) and delayed setting (5–8 days post‐injury).

Methods

All acute ankle injuries in adult athletes (≥18 years) presenting up to 2 days post‐injury were assessed for eligibility. Athletes were excluded if imaging studies demonstrated a frank fracture or 3 T MRI could not be acquired within 10 days post‐injury. Using standardized history variables and clinical tests, acute clinical evaluation was performed within 2 days post‐injury. Delayed clinical evaluation was performed 5–8 days post‐injury. Overall, clinical suspicion was recorded after clinical evaluation. MRI was used as the reference standard.

Results

Between February 2018 and February 2020, a total of 117 acute ankle injuries were screened for eligibility, of which 43 were included in this study. Complete discontinuity of lateral ankle ligaments was observed in 23 (53%) acute ankle injuries. In the acute setting, lateral swelling had 100% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 82–100) sensitivity, haematoma had 85% (95% CI: 61–96) specificity and the anterior drawer test had 100% (95% CI: 77–100) specificity. In the delayed setting, sensitivity for the presence of haematoma improved from 43% (95% CI: 24–65) to 91% (95% CI: 70–98; p < 0.01) and the sensitivity of the anterior drawer test improved from 21% (95% CI: 7–46) to 61% (95% CI: 39–80; p = 0.02). Clinical suspicion had a positive likelihood ratio (LR) of 4.35 (95% CI: 0.55–34.17) in the acute setting and a positive LR of 6.09 (95% CI: 1.57–23.60) in the delayed setting.

Conclusions

In the acute setting, clinical evaluation can exclude complete discontinuity (e.g., absent lateral swelling) and identify athletes with a high probability of complete discontinuity (e.g., positive anterior drawer test) of the lateral ankle ligaments. In the delayed setting, the sensitivity of common clinical findings increases resulting in an improved diagnostic accuracy. In clinical practice, this study underlines the importance of meticulous clinical evaluation in the acute setting.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
Photoluminescence Studies of DoF Effect on the Photopolymerization Reaction of a GelMA‐Based Monomers for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Gómez‐Lizárraga Karla , Ruiz‐García Luis , Garduño‐Wilches Ismael , Aguilar‐Frutis Miguel , Piña‐Barba Cristina , Alarcón‐Flores Gilberto
Published: February 2024

Here, methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) is obtained at different methacrylate anhydride concentrations (5.8%  and 10% v/v), different reaction times (1 and 3 h), and under pH control. A ninhydrin test and nuclear magnetic resonance are used to determine the degree of functionalization (DoF) of the samples showing that pH controlling produces better functionalization degrees than an increase in methacrylate anhydride concentration or longer reaction times. The photopolymerization process of GelMA samples is studied by time‐resolved photoluminescence at different photoinitiator (PI) concentrations: 0.5%, 1%, and 2% w/v. An increase in PI concentration and DoF produces changes in the cross‐link. The 2% w/v concentration produces a higher reaction speed in the first 10 min and requires longer times to end the reaction. No significant differences are found in the use of smaller concentrations.
Critical Review on Metal‐Based Cosmetic Products
Authors: Sharma Deepak Kumar , Suresh Athira , Kumari Rachana , Kumar Sidhikh , Tripathy Divya Bajpai
Published: February 2024

Most people utilize cosmetics to enhance or improve their physical appearance, regardless of their gender, race, or age. Heavy metals (HMs) are impurities or ingredients in many cosmetic products. According to recent studies, these metals can result in a variety of skin and health issues. Numerous studies demonstrate that the mismanaged formulation of such products without sufficient standardization of toxic metals throughout the production process is the primary reason for the high level of HM contamination in the samples. In order to prevent human exposure to such dangerous HMs, it is vital to monitor and manage the fate of HMs in cosmetic items, especially unbranded ones. Due to the wasteful interest of producers in making extra profit, the standards are not being imposed. Moreover, consumers are also ready to compromise with the product due to their unawareness of its hazardous impact on their skin and bodies. Short‐term results on their looks may cause fatal effects on their health. Another significant issue that requires attention is the lack of safety regulations in the country for evaluating HMs in cosmetic products. Additionally, there is an urgent need to establish acceptable limits for potential impurities in cosmetic products that must be enforced at local levels. This review provides a comprehensive insight into the content of HMs in cosmetics and their effects on several organs and the site of application.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Structural Analysis of Co (II) complex Derived from Aniline Based Schiff Base Ligand
Authors: Chouhan Ankit Singh , Thakur Suprajnya , Kumar Manvendra , Chandrawat Govind S. , Gupta Mukul , Singh Fouran , Ojha Sunil , Dawar Anit
Published: February 2024

It is known that Schiff bases and their metal complexes have many properties in different biological systems and this varies with its structural properties. This paper has described the method for synthesis of Schiff base ligand (SB1) and derived Co (II) complex of this ligand. The synthesized metal complex is characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM), and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). XRD shows the crystalline state of the complex and Schiff base as well as FE‐SEM shows the surface morphology and FTIR is used to characterize functional groups, bonding types, and nature of complex.
Evaluation of Damage Severity and Strength of Structural Member Using Macro‐Molecular PZT Sensor
Authors: Jagadale Umesh T. , Deulkar Wasudeo N.
Published: February 2024

The structural health of various engineering systems has been easily monitored using macromolecular piezoelectric ceramic lead zirconate titanate (PZT) based electromechanical impedance (EMI) technique. It is in need to study the evaluation of various levels of damage and the present strength of structural systems to enhance the life of structures. Once damages occur, due to continuing usage they usually propagate in certain directions. Moreover, the increase in the severity of damages may lead to failure of the structural components or even the whole structure. Interaction between structure and PZT, which is found effective in EMI technique, is to identify effective damage detection. The macro‐molecular PZT's self‐actuating and sensing properties are utilized by the electromechanical impedance (EMI) method. The higher modes of vibration are locally activated by the local application of an AC source on the PZT transducers attached to the host structure. In this paper, the EMI technique using surface‐bonded PZT transducers is employed to obtain the structural health signature. The experiment is carried out on a real‐size concrete frame structure subjected to artificial damage to identify and locate the damages using frequency variations, and the severity is checked using extracted equivalent parameters; the damage index. This method also can identify hair‐like cracks at an early stage, which explains how it can shield the building from serious failures.
Novel Synthesis and Characterization of Irbesartan Derivative an Anti‐Hypertensive Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API)
Authors: Tomar Divya Rana , Jayakumar S. Venkatesan , Saxena Amit
Published: February 2024

The current research focuses on the design, method development, characterization, and clinical assessment of novel irbesartan medication compounds. The objective of synthetic modification of a drug molecule is to achieve the desired properties such as enhancing the pharmacological properties and minimizing the side effects. It is a biphenyl tetrazole and an aza‐spiro compound, a highly selective, potent nonpeptide compound that belongs to the sartan group, an authorized type‐1 angiotensin II receptor (AT1), dilates the blood vessels and is used in curing of to treat high blood pressure, cardiac arrest, and renal disease in diabetics. To achieve the structural modification of the irbesartan drug, the researcher prepared the FeCl3/SiO2 catalyst and successfully used it for the acetylation, chloro acetylation reaction of irbesartan with acetyl chloride and chloroacetyl chloride. Further, the reaction is performed in presence of the catalyst and without a catalyst to elucidate the role of the catalyst. With the aid of TLC, FT‐IR, and UV–visible spectral methods, the structural interpretation of synthesized derivatives is completed. The present work illustrates a novel method of synthesis of irbesartan derivatives through safe and convenient procedures. The pharmacological evaluation of synthetic derivatives and green chemistry protocol of synthesis is under progress.
Dielectric Response of Bi4Ti3O12/PVDF Composite Electrodes for Energy Storage
Authors: Yadav Dinesh Kumar , Yadav Anju , Singh Sahil , Baghel Jai Singh , Payal Ratan Singh , Jakhar Narendra , Monga Bhavya , Jain Ankur , Jain Sushil K. , Tripathi Balram
Published: February 2024

This study is reporting the role of embedded ferroelectric ceramics Bi4Ti3O12 (BTO = 1–5 wt%) into the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composites on its structural, bonding, surface morphology, and dielectric response. Especially lead free flexible composite electrodes have lot of attention due to its high dielectric permittivity and energy storage density. X‐ray diffraction spectra confirms monophasic orthorhombic structure of composites, while Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirms the bonding behavior. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images surface morphology of homogeneously distributed ceramic particles with interconnected network. Dielectric constant has been found to be improved from 9.56 to 13.73 for BTO5%PVDF95% composites at frequency of 1 kHz attributes promoted interfacial polarization of PVDF and effectively limited the charge leakage in the composites, implying promising applications in flexible electronic devices.
Polymeric Macro‐Molecular Piezoelectric Sensors for Evaluation of Structural Damage
Authors: Jagadale Umesh T. , Deulkar Wasudeo N.
Published: February 2024

Finding damages and their prevalence in structures is a very challenging problem. In order to identify potential structural damage, non‐destructive methods are not very helpful. One of the most popular piezoelectric ceramic materials used worldwide is macromolecular lead zirconate titanate (PZT), also known as Pb[Zr(x)Ti(1‐x)]O3. PZT transducers are proving to be a successful alternative for assessing the structure's health. The Macro‐molecular PZT's self‐actuating and sensing properties are utilized by the electromechanical impedance (EMI) method. In this capacity, the macro‐molecular PZT patches serve as co‐located actuators and sensors and make use of ultrasonic vibrations to produce a distinctive admittance “signature” of the structure. PZT patches perform exceptionally well in terms of damage sensitivity. The higher modes of vibration are locally activated by the local application of an AC source on the PZT transducers attached to the host structure. The alteration of the admittance response is a sign of injury to the transducer's vicinity. In the current study, the damage percentage and its location in a 150 × 150 × 150 mm concrete cube are being examined. Regression analysis is also used to determine the concrete cube's strength. This method also can identify hair‐like cracks at an early stage, which explains how it can shield the building from serious failures.
Use of Solar Power for Heat Generation for Household Application
Authors: Singh Swati , Singh Jyotsana , Bhattacharya Bhaskar
Published: February 2024

The requirement of getting continuous electricity at low cost is essential but challenging. Especially in the undeveloped countries there is no sufficient electricity for the people to do their daily regular works. In order to overcome this problem different renewable energy sources are sought and being explored. One of the approaches is to have a cooking system that is energized from the solar power, not directly using a solar cooker but by storing the energy in the form of heat that can be utilized as per requirement. This paper reports the design and fabrication of an alternative system to generate heat using solar radiation. This chulha is helpful in effective heating with the help of solar radiations at lower costs. A cooking technology is presented consisting of a solar panel directly connected to an electric heater inside of a well‐insulated chamber. An insulated container with fixed amount of oil is heated up. The heat is found to be retained in the chamber even after sun set which is sufficient for heating water for making tea. The possible causes of temperature drop and possible remedy has been pointed out and discussed in this paper.
Assessing the Role of Digital Awareness in Promoting Polymer‐Based Sustainability
Authors: Chaudhary Akanksha Gupta , Vashisht Anubha , Shyam Hari Shankar , Malhi Ashok Singh , Gupta Rajiv
Published: February 2024

The plastic waste crisis is a major environmental challenge facing the world today. The overuse and improper disposal of plastic materials have caused significant damage to the environment, affecting the health of both humans and animals. The adoption of sustainable alternatives to plastic, such as polymer‐based materials, is crucial to addressing this issue. In the Indian context, polymer‐based sustainability has created new growth potential for the packaging sector. This study has improved consumer behavior and raised income by gaining an understanding of and access to customers' digital awareness of polymer‐based sustainability. In addition to its role in communication and attracting consumer attention, packaging must align with modern environmental standards for preservation methods to meet the growing consumer demand for eco‐friendly products and environmentally conscious companies. In keeping with the objectives, this paper employs a method for analyzing current research on the influence of polymer‐based sustainability esthetics on consumer behavior. The research design is quantitative. The model of the literature review is used to develop the structured questionnaire. The results show that digital awareness significantly influences consumer perceptions of polymer‐based sustainability. The study recommends that manufacturers of polymer‐based materials invest in digital awareness campaigns to increase consumer acceptance and promote sustainability.
Influence of Carbon Black on Conductivity and Structure of Polyethylene Oxide Based Polymer Electrolyte Film
Authors: Negi Shubham Singh , Rawat Suneyana , Singh Pramod K. , Pandey Shri Prakash , Yadav Tarun , Srivastava Monika , Singh Ram Chandra
Published: February 2024

The potential applications of carbon black are expected to grow as science and technology improve offering up new possibilities for innovation throughout disciplines included in the field of energy storage. The present work shows the influence of carbon black to improve the ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolyte. The synthesis of polyethylene oxide: ammonium iodide based polymer electrolyte incorporated with carbon black varying from 0.01 to 0.06 wt% with respect to PEO: NH4I system by solution casting method. Different characterizations like polarized optical microscopy (POM), impedance spectroscopy, and ionic transference number (tion) are studied in detail. The maximum ionic conductivity is achieved at 0.05 wt% carbon black shows 1.20 × 10−5 S cm−1 at ambient temperature. In accordance with POM data, the amorphous region has increased whereas the crystalline region has shrunk which further indicated the increase in ionic conductivity. The value of (tion) is calculated to be 0.97 which shows the system is ionic in nature. PEO based polymer electrolyte doped carbon black can be used for the fabrication of energy storage devices.
Role of Macromolecules in Medical Application: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Chandra Phool , Shahjad  , Sharma Krishana Kumar , Verma Anurag
Published: February 2024

The concept of macromolecules, which is applied to synthetic and natural polymers, allows for various contemporary polymeric materials and inventive uses. A dynamic structure of macromolecules called the extracellular matrix (ECM) maintains tissues and organs functioning. The cell therapy procedure known as wound healing involves depositing ECM components such as collagen, fibronectin, and laminin. The clinical assessment and management of wounds remain challenging despite the introduction of numerous therapeutic regimens because of their laboriously prolonged treatment requirements and complex wound‐healing mechanisms using macromolecules of a specific type, such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. Additionally, proteins affect the wound site's mechanical characteristics, such as tensile strength, elasticity, and permeability, which impact the effectiveness and success of wound healing. The main goal of this article is to give a current overview of how therapeutic alternatives have evolved using cutting‐edge innovative techniques for the healing and treatment of wounds. In this article, we have covered different types of macromolecules, how diet affects the wound, what causes wounds, and how macromolecules can help, and how to treat wounds.
Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride‐CO‐Hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) Incorporated Acetylene Black: Electrical, Optical, and Structural Studies
Authors: Ranjan Rohit Kumar , Kumar Sushant , Punetha Vinay Deep , Pandey Shri Prakash , Singh Ram Chandra , Singh Pramod K.
Published: February 2024

The primary goal of this study is to synthesize a high‐conducting polymer electrolyte film. The PVDF‐HFP and NaSCN film are prepared which showed the highest conductivity at 30 wt% dopant of NaSCN in the Polymer PVDF‐HFP which is 1.24× 10−4 S cm−1. Therefore, here the base polymer is taken as PVDF‐HFP and NaSCN (30 wt%) and further Acetylene Black is added to check the variation in the conductivity of the polymer film. Solution casting technique is used to create solid polymer electrolyte films using poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) with salt sodium thiocyanate and Acetylene Black. Polarized optical microscopy (POM) is used to evaluate the morphology of the polymer film surface. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to check the presence of functional group is used, impedance spectroscopy is used for the measurement of the conductivity of the sample, linear sweep voltammetry for finding electrical stability window, and transference number measurements for concentration of charge carriers are done for the electrical studies of polymeric films. The 1 wt% Acetylene Black doped polymer electrolyte film is found to have the maximum ionic conductivity, which is 1.95 × 10−3 S cm−1. The solid polymer electrolyte film has an electrochemical stability window (ESW) of 4.8 V and tion value of 0.83.
Reducing Environmental Plastic Pollution by Designing Polymer Materials for Managed End‐of‐Life
Authors: Kumar Satish , Kumar Sandeep , Kumar Sushant , Yadav Tarun , Dhapola Pawan Singh , Singh Pramod K.
Published: February 2024

Plastics are widely used synthetic materials in various industries worldwide. The abundance of plastics, which are mainly carbon‐based polymers, has led to a significant accumulation of plastic waste in landfills and the environment due to their durability and affordability. Although plastic pollution of the oceans has been known for many years, there is still limited knowledge about the composition, distribution, impact, and fate of plastic waste in the environment.

In this review, the focus is on environmental pollution by plastics, highlighting the source (feedstock) and degradation behavior of these materials. The goal is to provide insights for material design strategies that address the management of plastic waste at the end of its life cycle. The authors argue that the development of materials labeled marine biodegradable or universally biodegradable is not a sufficient solution on its own to address plastic pollution. Instead, it is critical to incorporate practical plans for recovery and treatment into material and product design principles. These plans should be based on existing systems or possibly developed in parallel.

In summary, this article highlights the widespread pollution of the environment by plastics and emphasizes the need for comprehensive material design strategies that include not only biodegradability but also practical recovery and treatment methods. By considering the entire lifecycle of plastics, we can work to reduce the harmful impact of plastic waste on our planet.