bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resistance of winter soft wheat varieties to low negative temperatures
Authors: Alabushev Andrey , Ivanisov Mikhail , Ionova Elena , Marchenko Dmitriy , Nekrasov Evgeny
Published: December 2019

The problem of resistance of winter wheat to low negative temperatures is one of the most important in the agriculture economy, the solution of which will contribute to the increase of yield and gross grain harvesting in the Russian Federation. Therefore, the creation of winter wheat varieties capable of resisting the effects of frost during winter is very relevant. The aim of the study is to identify high frost-resistant winter wheat varieties for use in the breeding process by direct and indirect methods of assessment, and to define the possibility of using free proline content to detect genotypes resistant to low negative temperatures. The paper presents the results of complex studies on frost resistance of winter soft wheat varieties by three scientific centers: Agricultural Scientific Center Donskoi, National Grain Center named after P.P. Lukyanenko and Federal Rostov Agrarian Scientific Center. Therein is shown the possibility of using an indirect method - defining free proline content as a method of assessing frost resistance of samples. After freezing plants grown in sowing boxes at four different temperatures, varieties were identified that significantly exceeded the Tarasovskaya 29 classifier in plant safety: Polina, Volnitsa, Volny Don, Ascetic, Don Bezostaya, and Don 107. Samples that were distinguished by the safety of plants in direct evaluation methods also showed a high content of free proline in laboratory and field experiments. Correlation analysis between the values of various methods for assessing frost resistance showed their close relationship. Varieties of winter soft wheat characterized by high frost resistance, on average, accumulate more of this amino acid in the leaves in laboratory and field experiments.
Forecast of economic and valuable properties of grain crops
Authors: Grebennikova Irina , Cheshkova Anna , Stepochkin Petr , Chanyshev Damir , Aleinikov Aleksander
Published: December 2019

The studies were carried out to improve the efficiency of the selection process in the creation of new varieties of spring triticale with the required combination of economically important features. The paper describes the structure and application of the developed software and algorithmic complex for information support of selection of grain crops. The main used methods of evaluation of breeding material are considered: evaluation of combinational ability of parent forms by methods of diallel analysis, method of evaluation of ecological plasticity of varieties and lines in terms of intensity and stability, integral evaluation of breeding value by methods of scalar ranking and statistical analysis. The purpose and functionality of the software products included in the complex for different stages of the breeding process are described. The results of testing programs using samples of spring wheat and triticale allowed evaluating the collection of samples and selection of parent forms of spring triticale for hybridization.
Project designing of crop production agricultural technologies
Authors: Nazarov N , Yakovlev N , Ivanov N , Blynsky Y
Published: December 2019

Conventionally, crop cultivation technologies are improved by developing (creating) more effective elements and implementing them in a fragmented way using a transformational approach. It has been found that a morphological approach is more promising and effective for these purposes when creating and implementing the holistic production agricultural technologies and the corresponding technological systems. For its implementation, the methods of engineering design of complex systems are proposed to be used. The presented paper outlines the main methodological issues of engineering technological design of agricultural cultivation technologies. The purpose of the research is the development of methodological provisions for the formation and selection of promising technological processes in technological modules when cultivating crops. To form options of technologies, the methods of morphological analysis are used. When selecting acceptable, promising and effective options for the designed projects, the decision-making theory methods are used. The analysis of scientific works shows that almost all the presented models have the same drawback: the lack of a mechanism for the formation and selection of promising technological processes implemented in a particular technology and so far, there is no effective methodological approach for its implementation. According to the results of scientific research, it was found that in the formation of systems of mechanization of plant growing processes, it is advisable to use the methods and techniques of engineering design of individual technological processes and technical equipment that have not been developed so far. A block hierarchical approach to the designing of crop production agricultural technologies is proposed. In the design process, the following basic principles must be maintained: a systematic approach, focus on obtaining optimal solutions, a comprehensive (multi-criteria) approach, a functional approach, iterative design process, focus on the final result, a combination of formalized and heuristic methods, the principle of open systems, the principle of modeling objects, the principle of functional completeness, etc. A general logical scheme of the process of engineering design of agricultural plant technology objects is proposed, where the main stages and design stages, design tasks and the main methods for solving them are defined.
Constructive and regime parameters of horizontal impact crusher of grain materials
Authors: Iskenderov R , Lebedev A , Zacharin A , Lebedev P , Marjin N
Published: December 2019

In order to ensure the best digestibility of feed, all the nutrients included in their composition should be given to animals in crushed form. Particle size of feed is different for all species and age categories of animals. The most common “shock” crushers give up to 30% of the dust fraction and up to 20% of the underground one. Nowadays, impact and centrifugal-rotor grain crushers that use a “slice-chipping” are the most effective ones. The small-sized horizontal impact crusher, which constructive and technological scheme of grinding is fixed in the patents of the Russian Federation, was made for carrying out experiments. The quality of the grinding process was assessed by three different indicators (the degree of grinding, the grinding module and the actual effectiveness of the process). Data on joint and separate grinding of wheat, barley, oats and corn were obtained. The conducted multifactorial experiment showed that the proposed design of the impact crusher allows obtaining up to 98% of the finished product balanced by the particle size at specific energy costs up to 2 WH/kg and productivity up to 260 kg/h. The most rational design and operating parameters of the horizontal impact crusher for various types of grinding were established on the basis of existing standards, zootechnical requirements and the latest scientific research. The developed horizontal impact crusher can be used instead of the widely used small-sized hammer mills, since, in comparison with them, its specific energy consumption is reduced to 50%.
Dynamics of morphofunctional activity of blood lymphocytes of Stavropol breed sheep in postnatal ontogenesis and during pregnancy
Authors: Truhachev V , Skripkin V , Kvochko A , Derezina T , Kuzminova A , Cymbal I , Fedota N
Published: December 2019

The aim of the paper was to study the activity of nucleolar organizer zones of blood lymphocytes of Stavropol breed sheep in postnatal ontogenesis and during pregnancy. Blood smears for cytomorphology studies were painted with silver nitrate and subsequent additional coloring with azure and eosin. By measuring the parameters of the nucleus and parameters of the activity of nucleolar organizers (AgNORs), the changes in the morphofunctional state of the protein-synthesizing apparatus of blood lymphocytes in sheep of Stavropol breed in postnatal ontogenesis were evaluated. It was found that newborn lambs’ area of the nuclei of lymphocytes was 76.50 ± 2.30 µm2. By the age of three months, the area of lymphocyte nuclei in sheep significantly increased by 6.08% and amounted to 81.46 ± 2.45 µm2, and did not change significantly until the age of twelve months. The number of units of argentophilic nucleolar organizers in the nuclei of lymphocytes (AgNORs) is from 1 to 4. The average area of AgNORs in the nuclei of lymphocytes is in the range from 73.60 ± 2.45 up to 80.10 ± 2.41 µm2. In sheep of Stavropol breed on the 90th day of pregnancy, the area of the nucleus of lymphocytes was 68.70 ± 2.15 µm2. By 135 days of pregnancy, a significant decrease in the area of the nuclei of the lymphocytes by 14.66% was found. After childbirth, there was a slight decrease in the area of lymphocytes in sheep compared to the previous period of research. During pregnancy, sheep were found to have from 1 to 3 AgNORs with a total area from 0.70 ± 0.11 to 2.93 ± 0.43 µm2. On the basis of the conducted studies, it can be concluded that in postnatal ontogenesis and during pregnancy of sheep, the functional state of lymphocytes changes, this is manifested in changing the parameters of the area of their nuclei, the number and total area of AgNORs.
Pathomorphological changes in the testicles of goats in acute anaplasmosis
Authors: Mihaylenko V , Dilekova O , Kartashov S , Meshcheryakov V , Shpygova V , Agarkov N
Published: December 2019

The aim of the research was to study pathomorphological changes in the testicles of goats in acute anaplasmosis. Diagnosis of anaplasmosis in sick goats was carried out taking into account the characteristic clinical signs and studies of peripheral blood smears. Blood smears after fixation in alcohol ether were stained according to Romanovsky-Giemsa by hematoxilin and eosin. For histological examination, pieces of testicles and appendages of testicles of 0.5 cm thick were selected, which were fixed in an 8% neutral aqueous solution of formalin. The resulting material was poured into paraffin according to the generally accepted method. Histological sections of 5-8 microns thick were made from the obtained paraffin blocks and stained with hematoxilin and eosin using the method of Van Gieson and Mallory. Micro photos were made with a series of rendered images on the basis of Olimpus 2000. The study revealed the following changes: the spermatogenic epithelium has desquamation, in the lumen of the convoluted seminiferous, there were tubules protein detritus, exfoliated cells of seminiferous epithelium and macrophages. Sertolli cells were in a state of vacuole dystrophy and necrosis. In the interstitial tissue around arterial vessels and convoluted seminiferous tubules, focal accumulation of lymphoid-macrophage infiltration was found. Endocrine cells located in the interstitial were in a state of vacuole dystrophy and necrosis. Thus, in goats older than 6 months with acute anaplasmosis in the testicles, pathomorphological changes are characteristic of acute parenchymal orchitis.
Dynamics of thyroid hormones in Stavropol breed sheep in postnatal ontogenesis
Authors: Skripkin V , Kvochko A , Derezina T , Kuzminova A , Cymbal I , Belugin N , Pisarenko N
Published: December 2019

The aim of the research was to study the dynamics of thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone of the pituitary gland in Stavropol breed sheep in postnatal ontogenesis and the establishment of thyroid status in animals before insemination, during pregnancy and after childbirth. Determination of concentration of total triiodothyronine, free thyroxine and thyroid stimulating hormone in serum was performed by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) using standard test systems. As a result of the studies, the level of thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone in the blood of sheep of Stavropol breed in postnatal ontogenesis was determined. It was established that at the birth of lambs, the lowest level of triiodothyronine (2.55 ± 0.04 nmol/l), thyroxine (19.47 ± 0.45 pmol/l) and thyrotropic (0.31 ± 0.05 Mme/ml) hormone was observed in the blood, compared with other age periods. By the age of three months, the levels of triiodothyronine and thyroxine increased significantly by 7.7% and 24.8%, respectively. When comparing the data in six monthly young ewes, the concentration of all studied hormones was the highest in comparison with other age groups (triiodothyronine – 3.11 ± 0.21 nmol/l; thyroxine – 26.29 ± 0.97 pmol/l; thyrotropic hormone – 0.81 ± 0.09 Mme/ml). In the age of nine months, a significant decrease in triiodothyronine by 16.8%, thyroxine - by 13.2% and thyroid-stimulating hormone - by 34.6% was observed, compared with ewes of 6 month old. By the age of 12 months, only free thyroxine was significantly changed, its serum concentration increased by 9.5% and amounted to 25.21 ± 0.31 pmol/l, compared with the data of nine-month-old sheep. It was found that the concentration of triiodothyronine changes significantly in sheep after childbirth and is 2.53 ± 0.03 nmol/l, which is 6.3% more than in pregnant ewes. The level of thyroxine on the 90th day of pregnancy decreases by 5.3%, and by the 135th day by 16%, compared with the previous period of the study. Thyroid-stimulating hormone in the blood serum of sheep on the 90th day of pregnancy becomes significantly lower by 29% (p ⩽ 0.05) than its concentration in non-pregnant ones. After childbirth, thyroid-stimulating hormone significantly increased by 26.66% (p ⩽ 0.05). As a result of the studies, in sheep of Stavropol breed, standard sizes of the level of thyroid gland hormones (triiodothyronine, thyroxine) and thyroid-stimulating hormone were established.
Changes in the activity of adenosine deaminase and the content of polyamines in the blood of cats with breast cancer
Authors: Vakulenko Maya , Akinina Natalya , Dobaeva Natalya , Bakurova Elena , Ermakov Alexey
Published: December 2019

In this work, the clinical significance of changes in the activity of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and the content of polyamines in the blood plasma of cats with breast cancer was studied. There were examined 30 cats aged 1 to 20 years, operated on in veterinary clinics due to spontaneous neoplasms. Histological studies of surgical material were performed to establish nosological forms of the tumor. The results of the measurements showed that there were no significant differences between ADA activity in the blood plasma of cats diagnosed with invasive non-specific carcinoma and ADA activity in the blood of healthy animals. In the plasma of animals diagnosed with fibroadenomatous breast hyperplasia, ADA activity was reduced by 35% compared with the control group. The content of putrescine in the red blood cells of cats with benign neoplasms of the mammary gland (fibroepithelial hyperplasia) was statistically significantly increased 5 times compared with the control group. In malignant neoplasms of the mammary gland (invasive non-specific carcinoma, tubular cancer and fibrosarcoma), the content of putrescine and spermine in the blood significantly exceeded the control values by 60 and 10 times, respectively, compared with the control group. Thus, the data obtained indicate the possibility of using polyamines in order to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and treatment of cats with breast cancer. The determination of ADA activity in the blood plasma of cats with breast tumors in the early stages of cancer is not an informationally significant indicator as a tumor biomarker.
Substantiation of modes and parameters of the red table sweet wine technology
Authors: Yermolin Dmitry , Zadorozhnaya Daria , Yermolina Galina , Ivanchenko Vyacheslav , Dogoda Petr
Published: December 2019

The paper substantiates the modes and parameters of the red table sweet wine technology. It was found that the red table sweet wine material “Cahors experimental” (produced from two components: the main wine material “Ancelotta” with a volume fraction of ethyl alcohol of 14.8% and a mass concentration of sugars of 17 g/dm3, and the wine material “Syrah” with a volume fraction of ethyl alcohol of 1.2% and mass concentration of sugars 560 g/dm3) has a high quality with a high mass concentration of biologically active substances. In this case, the heat treatment of the pulp should be carried out at a temperature of 55-60 °C for no more than 2 hours; wort yield should not exceed 60 dkl/t. The mass concentration of sugars in the blend should be 110 g/dm3.
Development of food products of advanced biological value using infra-red drying of agricultural plant raw materials
Authors: Yermolina Galina , Zavaliy Aleksey , Gerber Yuriy , Yermolin Dmitry , Lago Lyudmila
Published: December 2019

The paper considers solutions for producing functional food based on products of infra-red drying obtained with the use of original compact multilevel closet facilities designed to be applied at agricultural enterprises. These facilities originate thermal impulses influencing raw materials by means of controlled infrared radiation emitted by high-temperature linear incandescent lamps and reflected in mirrored surfaces. The facilities ensure effective dehumidification and high-grade preservation of biologically-active agents contented in raw materials. This is due to smooth uniform evaporation of moisture from the material within the entire volume of the facilities, management of heat regime through direct control of material temperature and minimization of material’s contact with atmospheric air during drying. The condition of biologically-active agents in various agricultural products was estimated: raspberry, dewberry, drained white and red grapes. The paper gives organoleptic estimate of alcohol-free beverages with advanced biological value based on infra-redly dried products.
Milk productivity of cows when haylage with biological preservatives is included in the diet
Authors: Karamaev Sergey , Karamaeva Anna , Soboleva Natalia , Bakaeva Larisa
Published: December 2019

In the Middle Volga region, galega orientalis is used as a promising fodder crop for the legume family. The main disadvantage of galega orientalis is poor silage due to the low sugar content in plants. To eliminate this drawback, Laxil and Silostan biologics have been developed, which are based on live cultures of lactic acid bacteria. The aim of the research was to study the influence of haylage from galega orientalis, prepared with the addition of biological preservatives to the green mass, on milk productivity and milk quality of Holstein cows. In the experimental groups, compared with the control, the quality of haylage, indicators of scar metabolism, digestibility of nutrients in the diet, milk productivity of cows and milk quality were studied. It was found that in 1 kg of silage of the experimental trenches, the contents of metabolic energy, digestible protein, crude fiber were higher. With the inclusion of silage in the ration, the number of bacteria, ciliates, the content of protein nitrogen, the proportion of acetic acid in the composition of volatile fatty acid (VFA) were increased in the rumen fluid in cows. Cows better digested the dry matter of feed, crude protein, and crude fiber. As a result, the yield of milk of cows for 305 days of lactation in terms of basic fat and protein was higher by 11.6-15.9%. The chemical composition and physical properties of milk have improved by all studied indicators.
Design method of technological module for small feed milling plants
Authors: Pakhomov Viktor , Braginets Sergey , Bakhchevnikov Oleg , Benova Elena , Babadzanyan Arkady
Published: December 2019

The present research is aimed to develop the method of designing technological modules for small feed milling plants. The method consists in efficient placement of the machinery in a frame of a standard module having dimensions of a 20-foot container. The heuristic method of sequentially-single placement of the machinery was applied. The limits and restrictions imposed on placement of machines in the standard module were defined. It was defined that the heuristic method of sequential single placement of the machinery is preferable for production location under condition of limited sizes as it is effective for hardware diagrams with low connectivity. The method is implemented according to the developed incremental algorithm of consecutive single placement of machinery objects in a standard module taking into account their place in a technological chain, overall dimensions, minimum distance between objects, minimal bonding distance to already placed objects and imposed restrictions. The result of algorithm execution represents the diagram of technology machinery in a module on the horizontal plane which can be transformed to a three-dimensional view. The developed method will allow hastening the design process and facilitating decision-making for designers.
Information support system for management decisions in the agricultural sector
Authors: Borisenko Ilya , Gangur Marina , Kobylko Andrey , Romanov Dmitry , Smirnova Olga
Published: December 2019

There is a need in modern agriculture to automate many processes, including automation of taking decision or the providing of current information for taking decisions by responsible person. The aim of the project is to automate the control of the growth of crops or livestock with the help of various devices, such as sensors of various types, analyzing the microclimate of the site according to such characteristics as humidity, air temperature, ground, RFID - tags, GPS - module for analyzing the location of livestock on the farm and intelligent information system that processes the data coming from sensors. The emergence of smart agriculture (Internet of things in agriculture) will facilitate taking decision for owners and responsible persons. Decision making is also facilitated by the quality interface of the information system, which includes the characteristics of data from all types of devices. An additional factor complicating making decision is the ambiguity of the data, which in turn leads to some conflicts. A Petri nets-based model can be used to model and analyse risks. Analysing the model using Petri nets, it can be argued that it is a powerful modelling tool and can be useful in the agricultural sector for selecting the best element from the set, or modelling of data flows.
Small-sized irradiation structures for intensive year-round cultivation of green vegetable crops
Authors: Yudaev Igor , Stepanchuk Gennadiy , Kaun Oleg , Ukraitsev Maksim , Ponamareva Natalia
Published: December 2019

Full and healthy human nutrition is characterized by the presence of green vegetable crops in the diet, which are rich in vitamins and useful components for humans. The need for them is observed year-round and all-season. Therefore, green vegetable products must be grown not only using traditional industrial technologies, but also in small businesses and private households. The realization of technology is ubiquitous, year-round cultivation of leafy vegetable crops in an artificial environment is possible using small-sized forms of cultivation facilities – irradiation chambers and boxes, grow boxes, phytotrons, etc. In this case, the main technological operation is the necessary light mode for plants: with the spectrum necessary for plants development and growth, with the necessary intensity and mode of irradiation. The developed irradiation units (camera and box) allow growing green vegetables at any time of the year, in any territory allotted for this, in the quantity necessary for consumption, etc. These units allow automatically monitoring the parameters of the air environment and soil, and, if necessary, adjusting it to create a comfortable environment for plant development. Experimental studies and processing of the results allowed concluding that by varying the spectrum and intensity of light-emitting diodes in the developed structures of irradiation units depending on the growth phase of green vegetable crops, it is possible to obtain products of higher consumer and commercial quality, with the necessary biochemical composition and characteristics.
Analytical study of the design parameters of the grinding unit of disk harrows
Authors: Konovalov Vladimir , Konovalov Sergey , Igumnova Victoria
Published: December 2019

The article describes the need for multiple passes with disc harrows to increase the degree of grinding of crop residues when preparing the soil for sowing winter cereal crops after row crops. The effectiveness of using additional grinding units for disk harrows is indicated in order to increase the technological efficiency and reliability of the soil preparation process. The analytical dependences are proposed for determining the radius of the grinding unit and the number of bars depending on the structural and technological parameters of the process, biometric parameters of the cut stems and soil hardness, subject to the established cutting value. As an example, a calculation based on the initial data from the reference literature is presented. Based on the obtained dependencies, graphs were constructed, and their analysis was carried out in order to determine ways to increase the efficiency of using the grinding unit. To increase the efficiency of the grinding unit, additional ballast weights and the manufacture of bar fasteners at different distances from the axis of rotation are proposed as technological adjustments.
Specific aspects of forecasting electrical energy losses in electricity networks
Authors: Tsygulev Nikolay , Khlebnikov Vladimir , Voronina Yekaterina
Published: December 2019

The present paper considers methods of predicting load losses under varied types of electrical energy loss characteristics. The method of forecasting electrical energy losses with the use of one-factor (planned electrical supply to network) and multi-factor (planned values of electrical supply to network, energy output from electric power stations, etc.) characteristics of power and energy losses is proposed. Static models of nodal loads and parameters of equivalent network are used. The paper substantiates the application of multi-factor characteristics for assessing electrical energy losses during regulatory period. The paper provides the solution of the system of nonlinear equations describing long-term balance plans for electrical energy and gives the results of predicting load losses of electrical energy.
Cultivation technology of sesame seeds and its production in the world and in Egypt
Authors: Sharaby Noureldin , Butovchenko Andrey
Published: December 2019

Sesame crop is one of the oldest oil producing crops around the world, which has a high ability to adapt to tropical and semi-tropical regions. Sesame seeds are widely involved in making healthy foods, which is increasingly in demand nowadays. Moreover, they have positive effects on human health because of their contain of nutrients, antioxidants, minerals, and vitamins.The purpose of this work is to give a general view of the sesame crop in terms of physical and chemical properties, which affect the design and work of agricultural machinery that used for sowing sesame seeds, as well as aims to give a global overview of available sesame cultivation technology and its development in different regions of the world to indicate the gaps and make future recommendations. The low cultivated area of the sesame seeds in many countries is caused by the low labor, which is a fundamental factor in addition to using the traditional methods of planting and sowing sesame seeds such as hand planting, and limited use of mechanically planting such as row planteruntil.
Synthesis of multifunctional composite coatings with improved anti-friction properties for agricultural machinery
Authors: Kochetov Andrey , Fisunova Elena , Kochetov Ivan , Baryshnikova Olga
Published: December 2019

The article is devoted to the synthesis of multifunctional composite coatings with improved antifriction properties in a complex acoustic field realized by means of two quasi-coherent sources of ultrasonic vibrations. The developed device for acoustic synthesis, which is based on the cavitation effect, allows developing high effective pressure values from 100 to 1000 bar in the shock wave, when the cavitation cavity collapses. The highly concentrated effect of the device on the composition ingredients synthesizes new compounds, are impossible to obtain under ordinary conditions. The process is fully controllable and allows imparting unique properties to the finished product, among which a special place should be given to the variable value of the friction coefficient. It depends on the external load and the high wear resistance value of the surface layer of the multifunctional composite protective coating. There is a problem of improving the energy efficiency of agricultural machinery and equipment. The solution to this problem is associated with the use of innovative technologies based on implementing the highly concentrated energy sources. The aim of the research is to optimize the process of obtaining multifunctional composite coatings with improved antifriction properties based on mass transfer of the electrode material and the subsequent formation of structures with predicted physical and mechanical properties. In order to achieve this goal, a generalized model of applying multifunctional composite coatings using the electro-acoustic spraying method has been developed.
Development of a model for improving operating performance of vehicles
Authors: Glushchenko Andrey , Khokhlov Alexey , Molochnikov Denis , Salakhutdinov Ilmas , Proshkin Evgeny , Gayaziev Ilnar
Published: December 2019

The article describes the process of developing a model for improving the operational performance of vehicles. The development of the model is based on the interconnection and mutual influence of the basic elements of the vehicle. Since the internal combustion engine is the source of energy and the driving force, its performance directly affects the operation properties of the vehicle. In turn, they mainly depend on the nature of the working process and engine parameters. Therefore, a change in the technical and operational indicators of the engine will entail a change in the operational indicators of the vehicle on which it is installed. An information model of the influence of engine parameters on vehicle operational indicators allows establishing that, for a certain time of operation and fixed values of operating modes, improvement of vehicle performance is possible by changing the technical and operational parameters of the engine. At the same time, considering the functioning model of the internal combustion engine as a certain multidimensional and multilevel system, it was found that the working process taking place in the engine and the design parameters of its mechanisms have the greatest impact on changing engine parameters. The main working process takes place in the engine cylinder. Therefore, the details of the cylinder-piston group will have the greatest impact on the change in the engine output parameters. The use of mathematical modeling in solving this problem allows developing a concept for improving the performance of a vehicle, and optimizing the process of choosing ways to upgrade a vehicle and engine.
Theoretical determination of the harvester propulsion type for rice harvesting
Authors: Masienko Ivan , Grigoryan Garik , Shevchenko Sergey
Published: December 2019

Theoretical justification of the choice of harvester propulsion for rice harvesting is presented in the paper. The main features of rice harvesting were described. Moreover, soil bearing capacity is the main factor that limited the use of different harvesters in the climatic conditions of the Krasnodar krai. Thus, the numerical model was developed to determine the specific types of harvesters. The model took into account correlations of design parameters and soil rheological properties with the rut depth. The results of the calculations made it possible to justify the mass of the harvester depending on the actual bearing capacity of the soil during the harvesting period for the conditions of the Krasnodar krai.
Scheduling system for programed manipulator motion pattern of the parallel structure with flexible links
Authors: Valiukevich Iurii , Naumov Ivan
Published: December 2019

The use of manipulators with various designs has been recently increasing in the industry. The main construction types of manipulators are considered to be serial and parallel structures. In turn, parallel manipulators can be divided into flexible and rigid joints. The use of manipulators with parallel structures and flexible links in a number of industry fields can increase operational performance, but this type of manipulator remains the least studied. In the present research, an attempt is made to consider a method for planning the motion pattern of a manipulator gripper with parallel structures and flexible links. Planning the movement pattern of gripper is determined by the DDA algorithm (digital differential analyzer). The problem of forming the control actions on the automatic control system of the electrical drive for the links of the manipulator is considered. The results of full-scale modeling on a real model of a cable parallel structure manipulator are presented. The general functional diagram of the manipulator control is also considered in the research.
Production and use of basic technological facilities for BAT in the food and processing industries of agribusiness
Authors: Nemenushchaya Lyudmila , Konovalenko Lyudmila , Shchegolikhina Tatiana
Published: December 2019

The best available technologies (BAT) for the food and processing industry are presented. They are included in the Russian information and technical reference books (ITR-43, ITR-44, ITR-45). The state of production and applying the facilities for BAT in following areas specified in references: slaughter and primary processing of livestock; milk processing; production of meat products, sugar and vegetable oils; processing and preserving of fruits and vegetables. The level of technical import dependence in these areas is presented.
Growing grain of winter wheat without the use of herbicides
Authors: Izotov Anatolii , Tarasenko Boris , Dudarev Dmitrii
Published: December 2019

The models for predicting the contamination of winter wheat crops are presented, including a method of tillage, sowing time and sowing density. They make it possible, after appropriate calculations, to establish the parameters of agricultural practices, the use of which allows growing high grain yield of winter wheat without the use of herbicides, thereby making its growing technology more environmentally friendly and less energy-intensive, reducing not only the cost of grain but also natural environment pollution.
Convective flows along the bodies of animals
Authors: Petunina Irina , Konovalova Oksana
Published: December 2019

The production of high-quality livestock products is associated with the creation of optimal microclimate parameters in the premises for animals. Animals are a source of heat, and the convective flows formed along the body and the associated temperature mass-transfer fields, as well as the stresses arising under conditions of non-equilibrium interaction with the external environment, are of practical interest. In solving the stated problem of heat and mass transfer, we adopted an approximately convective flow consisting only of a vortex layer of free turbulence and considered the momentum equations of the lifting forces arising from heating and the amount of excess heat in the jet. It was assumed that the heat transfer per unit area of the warm surface is constant in height and length of the cylinder. As a result of a theoretical study of heat and mass transfer, the dependences of speed, excess temperatures, and convective flow were established. Analysis of the obtained dependences made it possible to conclude that the speed along the body increases with increasing mass of animals. This creates the prerequisites for using the heat generated by them to maintain the necessary temperature parameters of the air in the room. It is concluded that it is necessary to use only the upflows to provide animals with the necessary amount of oxygen. The resulting convective flow along the body of animals of different masses varies with a constant increase in the growth of animals. The upflows formed around the body of the animal are strong enough and lead to the rise of significant masses of air. Taking into account the physiology of cattle, it was concluded that the prepared air should be supplied to the heads of animals, as up to 30% of heat and carbon dioxide is released during exhalation, and animals’ bodies should be flooded with air in piggery.
Relationship of catalase activity distribution in serum and tissues of small experimental animals
Authors: Boriskin Pavel , Deviatkin Anatoliy , Nikitin Aleksey , Pavlova Olga , Toropovskiy Andrey
Published: December 2019

In the process of physiological activity of the body, a wide range of toxic metabolites is formed, in particular, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide and hydroxyl radical, which have a destructive effect on cells and cell membranes. One of the natural body protection mechanisms is the enzyme catalase, which accelerates the decomposition of constantly formed hydrogen peroxide to the final products, while oxidizing low molecular alcohols and nitrites, involved in the process of cellular respiration and does not require energy for activation. Catalase activity in blood and tissues is a marker of metabolic disorders. Catalase is localized mainly in the peroxisomes and cytoplasm of the cell, saturates the erythrocytes, liver and kidneys. Catalase activity allows assessing the level of endotoxicosis in the body. In order to study the relationship of the distribution of catalase concentration in serum and rat tissues, the following tasks were solved: the concentration of catalase in serum and tissues of the liver, brain, heart, as well as in skeletal muscle tissues of rats was determined; the correlation of catalase concentration distribution in blood serum and tissues of rat was revealed. The paper presents the results of nonparametric correlation analysis to assess the relationship of catalase activity distribution in serum and tissues of small experimental animals.
Peculiarities of metabolism of rams obtained from crossing ewes of Kalmyk fat-tailed breed with dorper rams
Authors: Pogodaev Vladimir , Sergeeva Natalia , Marchenko Vyacheslav
Published: December 2019

To increase the production of mutton, it is necessary to improve the genetic resources of sheep with precocity and high meat productivity. In this regard, the meat breed Dorper has gained its popularity, which has good meat qualities. The aim of this paper is to study the hematological parameters in the blood of the Kalmyk fat-tailed breed and hybrids (1/2 Kalmyk fat-tailed × ½ dorper). The work was carried out in LLC “Agrofirma Aduchi”, the Republic of Kalmykia in 2017. It is established that hybrids have a high content of hemoglobin, leukocytes, erythrocytes in the blood, which indicates the activation of redox processes in the body, and confirms their higher growth rates during cultivation. The content of total protein in the blood serum increased with age and was within the physiological norm. At 4 months of age, in the serum of lambs of group II, there was more total protein by 4.86 g/l (7.39%) (P > 0.95), and at 8 months of age – by 5.16 g/l (7.74%) (P > 0.99), than in peers of the control group. Crossbred calves were significantly superior to purebred animals also in blood serum, albumin, activity of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase. The activation of metabolic processes in the body of local sheep contributed to a high energy of growth in comparison with purebred peers of Kalmyk fat-tailed breed.
Thickness of vibrational mechanochemical solid-lubricant coating in friction pairs of transport engineering products
Authors: Ivanov Vladimir , Popov Sergey , Marchenko Julianna , Marchenko Edward , Dontsov Nikolai , Timofeev Sergey
Published: December 2019

The paper studies the thickness of the vibrational mechanochemical solid-lubricant coating of molybdenum disulfide which is widely used in transport and technological systems.
Innovative technologies of using promising phyto-fortificants in bakery products of high nutritional value
Authors: Volkova Alla , Sysoev Vladimir , Blinova Oksana , Trots Alia , Prazdnichkova Natalya
Published: December 2019

The studies in the field of designing recipe compositions and technologies for new kinds of bakery products, including those enriched with physiologically functional ingredients, are now very relevant and promising, since they allow organizing nutrition on a scientific and hygienic basis, and focusing on the health aspect is one of the most powerful factors of bakery products liquidity. The aim of the study was an experimental substantiation for the use of grain ingredients, medicinal plant raw materials, carotene-containing raw materials and a food protein additive based on grain flour enriched with the mycelium of white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) in the production of functional bread. A systematic analysis of the bakery production technology of products enriched with promising phyto-fortificants serves as the methodological basis of the study. According to the selected methodology, the problem of selecting and justifying the use of phyto-fortificants in the recipe of bakery products, as well as improving the prescriptions of bakery products using promising phyto-fortificants, was solved. It has been found that applying of phyto-fortificants has a positive effect on the dough maturation processes.
Method of oat grain peeling using vacuum
Authors: Larina Lyudmila , Ruslyakov Dmitry , Tikhonova Olga , Naumov Ivan , Smirnov Vitaly
Published: December 2019

The paper presents the results of a study regarding the processing of cereal crops, specifically peeling of oat grain with an air-water stream in a vacuum. This method allows reducing the operation of oat grain processing due to the exclusion of hydrothermal processing (HTP) operations. The paper presents studies concerning the design of the main structural elements, as well as mathematical calculations that allows assessing the main parameters of the technological process of grain processing and establishing its relationship with the design parameters of the equipment.
Sustainable food systems and agriculture: the role of information and communication technologies
Authors: Serbulova Natalia , Kanurny Sergey , Gorodnyanskaya Anastasia , Persiyanova Anna
Published: December 2019

Food security refers to the transformation processes needed to move towards sustainable food systems. Digitalization is one of the most important transformational processes in world agriculture and food production and sale systems. The paper considers the contribution of information and communication technologies (ICT) to the transition to sustainable development within the food chain (production, processing, distribution, consumption). Particular attention is paid to precision agriculture as a food production model that integrates many ICTs. ICTs can facilitate the transition to agri-food sustainability by increasing productivity and resource efficiency, reducing management costs and improving coordination in the food chain. The paper also discusses some disadvantages of ICT and factors limiting their use in agriculture.
Intelligent management methodology based on the performance results of customs authorities
Authors: Goremykina Galina , Gupanova Yulia , Udalova Zoya
Published: December 2019

Current trends in the development of the Russian customs service are focused on world experience in building effective systems of foreign trade regulation based on advanced management decision-making methods. Traditional methods and models are transformed into a new management methodology that allows implementing an intelligent decision-making process. The most important task of the customs authorities is to increase the efficiency of customs administration. This problem can be solved by creating and implementing an intelligent management methodology based on the results of their activities. The methodology proposed in the work transforms the mission and the general strategy of the customs authorities into a system of specifically formulated goals, as well as indicators that determine the degree to which each of the set goals is achieved in the context of basic prospects adapted to the activities of the customs authorities. The possibility of intelligent modeling of quantitative assessment of the degree of achievement of each goal increases the efficiency of the described technology. The methodology of intelligent management based on the performance results of customs authorities was proposed, taking into account risk factors and uncertainties that reflect the characteristics of this activity. The methodology is based on the provisions of the strategic management theory, a balanced scorecard, the methodology of intelligent modeling based on fuzzy logic. The obtained results reflect the procedure for implementing the intelligent management methodology, which is based on the balanced scorecard methodology with the possibility of intelligent mathematical modeling of a quantitative assessment of the degree of achievement of each goal, in the work of customs authorities.
Development strategy of agricultural enterprises in the production of high-tech products
Authors: Anichkina Olga , Tatochenko Alexander , Tatochenko Irina , Chernegov Nikolay
Published: December 2019

The aim of the study is to develop an approach to increasing the profitability of agricultural enterprises. To achieve this goal, the concept of product life cycle and the possibility of its transformation into a more complex model, which provides for the release of several generations of high-tech products, is used. In this regard, the article deals with the issues of ensuring the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises under the conditions of rapid development of technologies, including information technologies. It is shown that agricultural enterprises producing high-tech products have significantly lower material costs and higher costs for research and development work, as well as significantly higher profits than traditional enterprises of the agricultural industry. Due to the fact that the release of innovative high-tech products is associated with high risks, the management of high-tech enterprises need to plan the life cycles of their products. An important resource for supporting the competitiveness of products is the scientific information used to develop new types of products and their production technologies. This approach allows for the timely introduction of new types of products with higher competitiveness in the market. This allows achieving sustainable growth of product competitiveness and growth of income of agricultural enterprises. Creating a software model for implementing this algorithm will create the possibility of automatically planning new types of products and increasing profitability. This will help increase the efficiency of the enterprises of the Russian agricultural sector.