bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expression Analysis of the Anthocyanin Genes in Pink Spathes of Anthurium with Different Color Intensities
Authors: Gopaulchan David , Lennon Adrian M. , Umaharan Pathmanathan
Published: January 2019

Anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum) is a tropical ornamental valued for its colorful spathe (modified bract) that subtends the inflorescence. The present genetic model for spathe color inheritance in anthurium does not account for differences among the red- and pink-spathed cultivars or for differences in the shades of pink among pink cultivars. To identify the mechanisms responsible for the variation in color and intensity, five genetically defined pink-spathed cultivars, with respect to the O, R, and M loci, with varying shade intensities, along with a genetically defined red-spathed cultivar (control), were analyzed at the mRNA, protein, chemical, and phenotypic levels at different spathe development stages. Spathe color values were recorded based on CIE L*a*b* system. Intensity of color (L*, which represents lightness) correlated with the anthocyanin content, with L* showing a strong negative relationship with anthocyanin abundance. Additionally, the red spathe accumulated anthocyanin throughout the spathe developmental stages, whereas the pinks either produced anthocyanin at early stages of development, which decreased as the spathe matured or showed a marked delay in anthocyanin accumulation. The level of anthocyanin closely mirrored flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase (F3′H) expression but did not correspond with the expression of any of the other genes assayed, chalcone synthase (CHS), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS). It was found that earlier the expression and higher the rate of expression of F3′H during spathe development, the greater the accumulation of anthocyanin in the spathe. Differences in the a* color space parameter among cultivars also suggests that qualitative differences in color could be mediated through F3′H. Other ancillary mechanisms that down regulate F3H, ANS, and DFR expression levels, evident in some pink cultivars, are discussed.
Diversity of Melon Accessions from Northeastern Brazil and Their Relationships with Germplasms of Diverse Origins
Authors: Dantas Ana Carolina de Assis , Holanda Ioná Santos Araújo , Esteras Cristina , Nunes Glauber Henrique de Sousa , Picó Maria Belén
Published: January 2019

Melon (Cucumis melo) is one of the most important horticultural crops in Brazil. A set of 40 melon landraces representing a northeastern Brazilian variation was agronomically evaluated with 13 morphological traits and molecularly with 13 simple sequence repeat markers and compared with a set of 21 reference accessions of diverse taxonomic and geographic origins. Brazilian accessions were highly variable for seed, flowering time, fruit, and yield-related traits. However, most of them shared a monoecious sex type, a climacteric ripening behavior, and fruit that were low to medium in sugar with a high acid content, characteristics in accordance with those of Asian melons belonging to Momordica, Flexuosus, and Chate, and Far-Eastern Makuwa and Chinensis melon groups. Molecular analysis confirmed the genetic similarity of the Brazilian landraces to reference accessions from India, the Far East, and the Middle East belonging to those botanical groups. Momordica, Makuwa, and Chinensis melons are rarely found as landraces outside of this area thus suggesting that these landraces were introduced into Brazil from these regions. Our molecular results also support a high genetic diversity in the Brazilian collection [polymorphism information content (PIC) = 0.43], which is only slightly lower than that of the references (PIC = 0.59) that include most of the main horticultural groups of the two C. melo subspecies. This study shows that in Brazil, there is currently a large variability of this species maintained in the form of landraces, which are a potentially useful resource for breeding melons.
Biological and Chemical Characterizations of Allelopathic Potential of Diverse Accessions of the Cover Crop Sunn Hemp
Authors: Javaid Muhammad Mansoor , Bhan Manish , Johnson Jodie V. , Rathinasabapathi Bala , Chase Carlene A.
Published: January 2019

There has been increasing interest in recent years in sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea), as a leguminous cover crop and green manure, for weed and pest management and improving soil health. Aqueous extracts and ground shoot tissue have previously been demonstrated to be phytotoxic. To further explore its allelopathic potential, bioassays and chemical characterization of water-soluble eluates of sunn hemp were undertaken. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) radicle growth inhibition was conducted with aqueous eluates from thinly sliced sunn hemp leaves, stems, and seeds, and all three tissues exhibited the inhibitory potential. Fourteen accessions originating from the United States, India, Brazil, South Africa, Pakistan, and Nigeria had water-soluble allelochemicals in leaves, suggesting that allelopathic potential is widely distributed in this species. The highest level of inhibitory potential was found in accession IN-86. Further characterization of IN-86 leaf eluates indicated that the inhibitory compound(s) was/were not soluble in chloroform, but was/were stable when boiled for 15 minutes and resistant to 1 n HCl. Binding and elution from AG-1(OH−) ion-exchange resin also were observed. An analysis of leaf eluates of IN-86 using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) followed by mass spectrometry (MS) showed the presence of a compound with a mass-to-charge ratio of 148, consistent with the spectrum for hydroxynorleucine, a phytotoxic nonprotein amino acid previously reported in seeds of C. juncea. However, its low concentration (<1 μg·mL−1) suggested that other components of the eluate were responsible for the observed allelopathic effect. The results indicate the feasibility for development of weed control strategies using allelochemicals derived from sunn hemp biomass of select genotypes IN-86, NG-71, and BR-20 from India, Nigeria, and Brazil, respectively.
Biomass Accumulation and Allocation, Photosynthesis, and Carbohydrate Status of New Guinea Impatiens, Geranium, and Petunia Cuttings Are Affected by Photosynthetic Daily Light Integral during Root Development
Authors: Currey Christopher J. , Lopez Roberto G.
Published: January 2019

During the propagation of herbaceous stem-tip cuttings, the photosynthetic daily light integral (DLI) inside greenhouses can be low (≈1–4 mol·m−2·d−1) during the winter and early spring when propagation typically occurs. The mechanisms by which cuttings adapt biomass allocation patterns, gas exchange, and starch accumulation in response to the photosynthetic DLI are not clearly understood. Our objectives were to quantify the impact of DLI on growth, photosynthesis, and carbohydrate concentration during the root development phase of cutting propagation. Petunia (Petunia ×hybrida ‘Suncatcher Midnight Blue’), geranium (Pelargonium ×hortorum ‘Fantasia Dark Red’), and new guinea impatiens (Impatiens hawkeri ‘Celebration Pink’) cuttings were propagated in a glass-glazed greenhouse with 23 °C air and substrate temperature set points. After callusing (≈5 mol·m−2·d−1 for 7 days), cuttings of each species were placed under either no shade or one of the two different fixed-woven shade cloths providing ≈38% or 86% shade with 16 hours of supplemental light for 14 days, resulting in DLIs of 13.0‒14.2, 5.5‒6.0, and 2.0‒2.4 mol·m−2·d−1, respectively. Leaf, stem, and root biomass accumulation increased linearly with DLI by up to 122% (geranium), 118% (petunia), and 211% (new guinea impatiens), as DLI increased by ≈11‒12 mol·m−2·d−1, while relative biomass allocation into roots increased under increasing DLI. Compared with cuttings rooted under low DLIs (2.0‒2.4 mol·m−2·d−1), cuttings of all three species generally had greater maximum gross photosynthesis under high DLIs (13.0‒14.2 mol·m−2·d−1) starting 5 or 8 days after transfer. Starch concentration increased with DLI by up to 946% (impatiens) during propagation. Taken together, the increased growth of cuttings appears to be a result of increased carbohydrate availability from elevated photosynthesis and/or photosynthetic capacity.
Pollen Ontogeny Comparison of Natural Male-Fertile Diploid and Male-Sterile Triploid Lilium lancifolium in Korea
Authors: Ran Do Gyeong , Rhee Ju Hee , Kim Wan Soon , Kang Yun Im , Choi In Myung , Han Jeom Hwa , Han Hyun Hee , Ryu Su Hyun , Lee Han Chan
Published: January 2019

Lilium lancifolium (syn. L. tigrinum) is the only polyploidy-complex species involving both diploid (2n = 2x = 24) and triploid (2n = 3x = 36) plants in the genus. The origin of natural triploid remains a mystery and research has been limited mainly to chromosomal studies that have overlooked research on pollen ontogeny. By spatiotemporal comparison of the development and morphology of diploid and triploid pollen grains, we study the correlations between pollen fertility and morphological development in diploid and triploid plants and propose the necessity and importance of further research on natural polyploid-ontogenetic diversity. In this comparative investigation, we used various microscopy techniques including histological analyses, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The main morphological differences between triploid and diploid pollen grains started with abnormal tetrad formation of triploid, followed by inadequate amylogenesis and amylolysis in young microspores, and finished with the formation of an abnormal structure of pollen surface layers in maturing pollen grains, which finally resulted in pollen grain unfolding and male sterility. From observing the series of morphological events that induced male-sterile pathway in natural triploid pollens, this study showed a variety of correlations between pollen development and fertility, which differed from male sterility resulting from gene mutation, indicating that there exists greater variability in pollen male-sterile ontogeny. Our results suggest that multilateral research is required for understanding the fickle ontogeny of natural male-sterile polyploid.
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Russian Dandelion
Authors: Hodgson-Kratky Katrina J.M. , Wolyn David J.
Published: January 2019

Russian dandelion (Taraxacum kok-saghyz) is a candidate species for introducing natural rubber production into North America, and its domestication is currently underway to create an economically viable crop. Development of hybrid cultivars is essential to maximize the yield potential of the species, and cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is an important breeding tool that can facilitate this process. Male sterility was discovered in two full-sib russian dandelion families, and additional crosses were performed to create F2, F3, and backcross generations to assess inheritance of the phenotype. A sterility-inducing cytoplasm (S) that could be restored to fertility by a dominant allele at a single nuclear restorer of fertility (Rf) gene and a fertility-inducing cytoplasm (F) were identified. Characteristics of the CMS system were 1) (S)rfrf × (F)rfrf crosses produced only sterile progeny, 2) crosses where the female parents were (F) produced only fertile progeny, and 3) segregation was observed only when the maternal parent had (S). Sterility was not stable in all plants; some with sterility-inducing cytoplasm produced small amounts of pollen or formed both sterile and fertile flowers simultaneously. On the basis of seasonal differences in the frequency of partially sterile plants, sterility was stable at low temperatures and unstable at high temperatures. This germplasm can be of central importance for development of stable CMS lines for hybrid production.
Inhibition of Ethylene Biosynthesis and Associated Gene Expression by Aminoethoxyvinylglycine and 1-Methylcyclopropene and Their Consequences on Eating Quality and Internal Browning of ‘Starkrimson’ Pears
Authors: Xie Xingbin , Einhorn Todd , Wang Yan
Published: January 2019

‘Starkrimson’ is a highly profitable red-skinned european pear (Pyrus communis) cultivar that has a short storage life due mainly to the development of a mealy texture upon ripening and an internal browning (IB) disorder during or after storage. In 2013, ‘Starkrimson’ pears were sprayed with aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) at 0, 30, 60, and 120 mg·L−1 1 week before harvest or treated with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) at 0.3 µL·L−1 for 24 hours shortly after harvest, then stored at −1.1 °C and evaluated over a 16-week period. The experiment was repeated in 2014. After 2 weeks of storage, control fruit (nontreated) had a higher respiration rate and ethylene biosynthesis than AVG or 1-MCP-treated fruit. Following 12 weeks of storage, control fruit exhibited a greater incidence of mealy texture and greater extractable juice (EJ) after ripening, and by 16 weeks significantly higher IB relative to AVG and 1-MCP-treated fruit. AVG at 30 mg·L−1 had little effect on any of the storage responses measured compared with control. AVG at 60 mg·L−1 reduced ethylene synthesis, respiration rate, and titratable acidity (TA) loss and maintained high eating quality with low EJ. Fruit treated with 60 mg·L−1 AVG also developed markedly less IB following 16 weeks of storage than control or 30 mg·L−1 AVG treatments. AVG at 120 mg·L−1 did not improve storage quality achieved with 60 mg·L−1 but delayed ripening capacity by 1 month. 1-MCP markedly inhibited ethylene synthesis and respiration rate and eliminated IB during 16 weeks of storage; however, 1-MCP-treated fruit required 14 days at 20 °C to ripen to high eating quality following 12 to 16 weeks of storage compared with 5 days for 60 mg−L−1 AVG. Both AVG and 1-MCP suppressed the expressions of ethylene synthesis (PcACS1, PcACS4, PcACS5, and PcACO1) and perception genes (PcETR1, PcETR2, and PcETR5) although 1-MCP was more efficient than AVG. In conclusion, preharvest AVG applications at 60 mg·L−1 or postharvest 1-MCP treatment at 0.3 µL·L−1 extended storage life of ‘Starkrimson’; however, 1-MCP inhibited ripening capacity whereas 60 mg·L−1 AVG did not.
Osmoregulants Involved in Osmotic Adjustment for Differential Drought Tolerance in Different Bentgrass Genotypes
Authors: Liu Nanqing , Shen Yixin , Huang Bingru
Published: January 2019

Compatible solute accumulation regulating osmotic adjustment (OA) is associated with drought tolerance. The objectives of this study were to examine genetic variations in OA among a diverse group of bentgrass (Agrostis sp.) genotypes or lines with differential drought tolerance, and determine major types of organic osmoregulants contributing to OA and accounting for the genetic variations in drought tolerance. A wild type cultivar of creeping bentgrass [Agrostis stolonifera (Penncross)], a transgenic line of creeping bentgrass (SAGIPT41), and four hybrid bentgrass lines [Agrostis capillaris × Agrostis stolonifera (ColxCr14, ColxCr190, ColxCr481, and ColxCr679)] were exposed to drought stress by withholding irrigation for 17 days in growth chambers. Among genotypes, ColxCr14, ColxCr190, and SAGIPT41 showed superior drought tolerance, as manifested by higher turf quality (TQ) and leaf relative water content (RWC), as well as OA than ‘Penncross’, ColxCr679, and ColxCr481 under drought stress. SAGIPT41 leaves accumulated greater content of soluble sugars (glucose, sucrose, and fructose), proline, glycine betaine (GB), and spermine; ColxCr190 had higher content of soluble sugars and spermidine; and ColxCr14 accumulated more soluble sugars and GB, compared with the three drought-sensitive genotypes. Soluble sugars were predominant contributors to OA, followed by GB and proline, with all three forms of polyamine (PA) as minor contributors in bentgrass genotypes. The osmolytes highly correlated to OA and superior drought tolerance could be used as biomarkers to select for drought-tolerant germplasm of bentgrass and other cool-season turfgrass species.
Anatomical and Gene Expression Analyses of Two Blueberry Genotypes Displaying Differential Fruit Detachment
Authors: Vashisth Tripti , NeSmith D. Scott , Malladi Anish
Published: January 2019

Fruit detachment in blueberry (Vaccinium sp.) may occur through the physiological process of abscission or through physical separation by breakage. Natural and induced fruit detachment through abscission occurs at the peduncle–pedicel junction (PPJ), while detachment through breakage typically occurs at the fruit–pedicel junction (FPJ). The ease of fruit detachment varies across blueberry genotypes, and a better understanding of such variation may allow for the development of genotypes better suited for hand and mechanical harvesting. TH-729 and ‘Suziblue’ are sibling southern highbush blueberry (hybrids composed largely of Vaccinium corymbosum and Vaccinium darrowi) genotypes derived from the same cross (‘Star’ × TH-474) and differ in their fruit detachment characteristics. Anatomical and molecular basis of the difference in fruit detachment between these genotypes was investigated in this study. Greater than 85% of the mature fruit of TH-729 detached at the PPJ in response to mechanical shaking in contrast to that observed in ‘Suziblue’, where greater than 90% of the fruit detached at the FPJ. The anatomy of the abscission zones (AZs) at the PPJ was similar between the two genotypes indicating that they did not differ in the establishment of the AZ. The fracture plane at the PPJ of manually detached fruit was more even in TH-729 compared with that in ‘Suziblue’, where many ruptured cells were evident. These data suggest advanced progression of abscission at the PPJ in TH-729 compared with that in ‘Suziblue’. The expression of 28 genes related to cell wall and membrane metabolism, phytohormone metabolism and signaling, and transcriptional regulation was compared between the two genotypes. Of these, two genes, ILL1 (iaa-leu resistant 1 like 3) and BIM1 (bes-interacting myc like1), associated with auxin metabolism and brassinosteroid signaling displayed over 3-fold and 1.5-fold higher transcript accumulation, respectively, in TH-729. Also, OPR1 (12-oxophytodienoate reductase), a gene associated with jasmonate (JA) biosynthesis, displayed 33% lower transcript levels in TH-729. As phytohormone signaling regulates the acquisition of competence for abscission, these data suggest that this phase of abscission progression at the PPJ differed between the two genotypes. Together, data from this study suggest inherent differences in the progression of abscission at the PPJ in blueberry. Such variation can be exploited to develop genotypes with desired harvesting characteristics.
Leaf Trimming and High Temperature Regulation of Phytohormones and Polyamines in Creeping Bentgrass Leaves
Authors: Krishnan Sanalkumar , Ma Yingmei , Merewitz Emily
Published: January 2019

Mowing frequencies are associated with differences in disease susceptibility of turfgrasses, but how hormones respond to mowing practices are not fully understood. Two independent growth chamber experiments were conducted to determine how leaf trimming and heat stress play a role in modulating endogenous hormones within creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) leaf tissues. The study also aimed to evaluate whether there are hormone changes at 0, 15, and 30 minutes after leaf trimming (wounding). The effects of trimming and temperature on sod plugs of creeping bentgrass ‘Penncross’ and ‘Penn-G2’ were investigated under optimal conditions (23/20 °C day/night) and heat stress (30/25 °C day/night). Plants were 1) untrimmed and sampled by plucking at the leaf base, 2) untrimmed and sampled by cutting at 0, 15, and 30 minutes, or 3) trimmed once every 3 days. Salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were generally greater in untrimmed plants compared with plants trimmed every 3 days under high temperature conditions. Zeatin riboside (ZR) was lower in untrimmed plants compared with plants trimmed every 3 days. JA and gibberellic acid (GA) accumulated to greater levels in the plants after 15 and 30 minutes of sampling. Polyamines (PAs) exhibited a transient increase in putrescine (Put) due to wounding. The results demonstrate the importance of research practices that consider the timing of sampling turfgrass plants for hormone analysis, help elucidate why mowing practices may play a role in stress susceptibility, and may be applicable to various studies related to leaf wounding.
Photosynthetic Acclimation, Biomass Allocation, and Water Use Efficiency of Garlic in Response to Carbon Dioxide Enrichment and Nitrogen Fertilization
Authors: Nackley Lloyd L. , Jeong Jig Han , Oki Lorence R. , Kim Soo-Hyung
Published: January 2019

Garlic (Allium sativum) is a commercially and culturally important crop worldwide. Despite the importance of garlic, there have been few studies investigating how garlic growth and development will be affected by the atmospheric enrichment of carbon dioxide (CO2). A split-plot experiment with CO2 concentrations as main plot and nitrogen (N) fertilization as subplot was carried out to examine the effects of elevated CO2 at (mean ± sd) 745 ± 63 µmol·mol−1 across three levels of N: high-N (16.0 mm), mid-N (4.0 mm), and low-N (1.0 mm). Three hypotheses were tested: 1) garlic plants will allocate proportionally more biomass to bulb when grown in elevated CO2 compared with the plants grown in ambient CO2; 2) plants will sustain improved photosynthesis without downregulation in elevated CO2, irrespective of N; and 3) elevated CO2 will improve plant water use efficiency (WUE) across N fertilization levels. We found that proportional biomass allocation to bulb was not significantly enhanced by CO2 enrichment in garlic. Overall biomass accumulation represented by leaf, stem, and bulb did not respond significantly to CO2 enrichment but responded strongly to N treatments (P < 0.001). Contrary to our hypothesis, photosynthetic downregulation was apparent for garlic plants grown in elevated CO2 with a decrease in Rubisco capacity (P < 0.01). Instantaneous leaf WUE improved in response to elevated CO2 (P < 0.001) and also with increasing N fertilization (P < 0.001). Finally, our results indicate that bulbing ratio is likely to remain unchanged with CO2 or N levels and may continue to serve as a useful nondesctructive metric to estimate harvest timing and bulb size.
Sunflower ‘Sunspot’ is Hyposensitive to GA3 and has a Missense Mutation in the DELLA Motif of HaDella1
Authors: Best Norman B. , Wang Xingang , Brittsan Scottie , Dean Eric , Helfers Seth J. , Homburg Ryan , Mobley Mariah L. , Spindler Tiffeny L. , Xie Bofan , Zhang Menglu , Hasegawa Paul M. , Joly Robert J. , Rhodes David , Dilkes Brian P.
Published: January 2019

Gibberellins (GAs) are phytohormones that regulate plant height and flowering time in plants. Plants with reduced GA or disrupted in GA signaling exhibit a dwarf phenotype. DELLA proteins are transcriptional repressors that attenuate GA-mediated promotion of plant growth. Alleles in which the eponymous DELLA motif in these proteins is disrupted result in constitutive repression of GA signaling and a dominantly inherited dwarf phenotype. We found that the dwarf Helianthus annuus (sunflower) cultivar Sunspot is hyposensitive to GA3 as compared with the tall cultivar Mammoth Grey. Sequencing of the HaDella1 gene indicates that ‘Sunspot’ has a single nucleotide polymorphism resulting in a missense mutation in the DELLA motif as compared with ‘Mammoth Grey’ and the reference sequence. Helianthus annuus has five genes encoding DELLA proteins, including HaDella1. We propose that the DELLA motif alteration in the HaDella1 gene results in a dominant mutation in ‘Sunspot’ and is the cause of its dwarf phenotype.
Capsicum—An Abbreviated Compendium
Authors: Jarret Robert L. , Barboza Gloria E. , Costa Batista Fabiane Rabelo da , Berke Terry , Chou Yu-Yu , Hulse-Kemp Amanda , Ochoa-Alejo Neftali , Tripodi Pasquale , Veres Aniko , Garcia Carolina Carrizo , Csillery Gabor , Huang Yung-Kuang , Kiss Erzsebet , Kovacs Zsofia , Kondrak Mihaly , Arce-Rodriguez Magda Lisette , Scaldaferro Marisel A. , Szoke Antal
Published: January 2019

Pepper (Capsicum L.) is a major vegetable and spice crop worldwide. Global production of both fresh and dried fruit continues to increase steadily in terms of area harvested and yield. Various topics are addressed in this review, including recent additions to and clarification of Capsicum taxonomy, genetic resources of Capsicum, cytogenetic studies, the current status of our understanding of the mechanisms affecting the biosynthesis of capsaicinoids, the use of gene mutations to elucidate carotenoid biosynthetic pathways and their regulation, and recent advances in whole-genome sequencing and assembly.
Effect of Fruiting and Biennial Bearing Potential on Spur Quality and Leaf Gas Exchange in Apple
Authors: Elsysy Mokhles A. , Mickelbart Michael V. , Hirst Peter M.
Published: January 2019

Uniform annual apple (Malus ×domestica) fruit production is highly dependent on consistent flower formation from year to year, as inconsistent flowering can lead to the biennial bearing observed in some high-value cultivars. The presence of fruit on a spur has been considered the main cause of the expression of biennial bearing and the inhibition of flower initiation, with a number of theories being introduced to explain the phenomenon. In the current experiment, individual spurs of annual bearing cultivars (Gala, Ruby Jon, and Pink Lady) and biennial bearing cultivars (Honeycrisp, Fuji, and Golden Delicious) were thinned to a single fruit or completely defruited at petal fall. Spurs were sampled at the end of the growing season. Effects of fruiting on spur characteristics such as spur and bourse leaf area, stomatal density, leaf gas exchange, and flower formation were determined. Across all cultivars, the presence of fruit on a spur did not affect spur characteristics or flower formation compared with nonfruiting spurs. Similarly, flowering was unaffected by those factors associated with greater spur carbohydrate status, such as bourse leaf area and assimilation rate. Cultivars with greater transpiration and stomatal conductance (gs) rates had lower rates of flower formation. Future studies should focus on xylem flow and expression of genes regulating flowering and plant growth regulators in annual and biennial bearing cultivars.
Quantile Regression Facilitates Simultaneous Selection of Negatively Correlated Floral Traits among BC1F1 Progeny of Male-fertile Hybrid Hibiscus Cultivars Lohengrin and Resi (H. syriacus × H. paramutabilis)
Authors: Chen Hsuan , Xue Lan , Li Tong , Contreras Ryan N.
Published: January 2019

Hibiscus syriacus is a woody shrub in the Malvaceae family that is common in landscapes due to its broad adaptability and variable ornamental characteristics. Interspecific hybridization has been used to improve Hibiscus by building novel floral traits, hybrid vigor, and hybrid infertility. A few interspecific hybrid Hibiscus cultivars (H. syriacus × H. paramutabilis), such as Lohengrin and Resi, are notable because of their vigorous vegetative growth, female infertility, and large flowers. However, little is known about the male fertility and breeding potential of these hybrid cultivars, which could increase flower size by backcrossing to H. syriacus. In this study, we estimated male fertility of the two hybrid cultivars by acetocarmine staining and in vivo pollination and assessed selection methods for floral traits, specifically flower size and petal number. A BC1F1 population of 294 individuals was developed by crossing hybrid cultivars Lohengrin or Resi with a variety of double-flowered H. syriacus cultivars. A negative correlation between petal number and petal area was detected by quantile regression, which is a method that circumvents the problem of simple linear regression, which violates statistical assumptions. Quantile regression was used to build simultaneous selection thresholds for different levels of required stringency. As expected, the female fertility of hybrid cultivars was extremely low or zero; however, the male fertility of hybrid cultivars was not reduced compared with H. syriacus cultivars. A negative linear correlation between the petal number and petal area of the BC1F1 individuals was observed. In addition, quantile regression was recommended to set a single selection threshold to be applied to the selection of two negatively correlated traits, which was more effective than independent selection of petal numbers and petal areas among progeny.
Risk management and environmental benefits of a prospective system for indirect potable reuse of municipal wastewater in France
Authors: Remy C. , Seis W. , Miehe U. , Orsoni J. , Bortoli J.
Published: January 2019

This paper presents the assessment of a planned scheme of indirect potable reuse (IPR) in the Vendée region of France in its potential risks for human health and ecosystems, and also in its overall environmental impacts. Methods of risk assessment (quantitative microbial and chemical risk assessment) and life cycle assessment (LCA) are used to characterize the risk associated with the use of reclaimed water for IPR, but also the environmental benefits compared with other options for additional drinking water supply. The LCA results show that IPR is competitive with other options of water supply in its energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions. Pathogens as the main health hazard are controlled effectively by existing and planned preventive measures. For chemicals the number of potentially relevant substances could be reduced substantially by the assessment. A demonstrator phase should now be implemented to validate the outcomes of this prospective assessment by improving data quality of the initial state and by monitoring effective impacts in an operating mode.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Invades Human Aortic Endothelial Cells and Induces Cell Damage in vitro
Authors: Mittal Rahul , Jhaveri Vasanti M. , Kay Sae-In Samantha , Blackwelder Patricia , Patel Kunal
Published: January 2019

Background:

Cardiovascular diseases such as endocarditis are the second most common cause of death worldwide. Infective Endocarditis (IE) is the most severe infection of the heart associated with significant mortality and morbidity. The binding and invasion of Human Aortic Endothelial Cells (HAECs) by pathogenic microbes can play an important role in the pathogenesis of IE.

Objective:

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an emerging pathogen that has been associated with IE. However, it is not known whether P. aeruginosa can bind and interact with HAECs. The aim of this study was to determine whether P. aeruginosa can bind and colonize HAECs.

Methods:

The invasion of HAECs by P. aeruginosa was assessed by gentamicin protection assay. Cytokine levels were determined by enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kits. Cell damage was determined by Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) assay.

Results:

P. aeruginosa can bind and invade HAECs. Infection of HAECs with P. aeruginosa induces TNF-α IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 cytokine production leading to the generation of inflammatory milieu that can cause tissue damage as observed in human clinical cases of IE. We also observed that P. aeruginosa induces cell damage in HAECs.

Conclusion:

In this study, we demonstrate for first time that P. aeruginosa can invade and survive inside HAECs. This cell culture model can be of immense importance to determine the efficacy of drug targets against IE.
Una nueva especie de Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae) del estado de Guerrero, México
Authors: Vigosa-Mercado José Luis , Fonseca Juárez Rosa María
Published: January 2019

Antecedentes y Objetivos: Muhlenbergia es el género más diverso de Poaceae en México. Durante el desarrollo del estudio taxonómico del género en el estado de Guerrero, se encontró material proveniente del municipio de Chilapa que no pudo ser asignado a ninguna de las especies conocidas, por lo que en el presente trabajo se propone una nueva especie.Métodos: Se examinó el material de herbario de la nueva especie y se comparó con ejemplares de especies mexicanas de Muhlenbergiadepositados en las colecciones CHAPA, ENCB, FCME, IEB, MEXU, UAGC y UAMIZ. Se observó la anatomía del corte transversal de la lámina foliar y micromorfología de la lema de la nueva especie y de M. watsoniana, que es el taxon más cercano a la nueva especie.Resultados clave: Se describe e ilustra a M. cristaliae. La nueva especie comparte algunas características morfológicas con especies con glumas uninervadas del complejo de M. montana; aunque la más cercana es M. watsoniana, de la cual difiere en la anatomía de la lámina foliar y micromorfología de la lema, entre otras características macroscópicas.Conclusiones: Muhlenbergia cristaliae se considera endémica de Guerrero y, por el momento, sin información suficiente para evaluar su estado de conservación.
Impacts of Courtyard Geometrical Configurations on Energy Performance of Buildings
Authors: Almhafdy Abdulbasit , Ibrahim Norhati , Sh Ahmad Sabarinah
Published: January 2019

The courtyard is an architectural design element often regarded as microclimate modifiers. It has the potential of improving comfort conditions within the outdoor courtyard space and the enclosing indoor spaces. Harnessing the optimum benefits of courtyards depends on several conditions namely the orientation and configurations of the courtyards, as well as the treatment of the external surfaces of the enclosing building envelopes. As three variables of orientation, number of floors and wall envelope have not been investigated in a single study, therefore, this parametric study was performed to investigate the microclimatic influence of varying courtyard geometric configurations and its enclosing facades in hot and humid climate using IES simulation tools. The study observed the environmental impact regarding thermal performance and energy consumption of the enclosing indoor spaces. The results suggest optimum conditions to harness the potential of courtyards to lower energy consumption of buildings in the tropics.Keywords: courtyard; thermal performance; energy consumption; simulationeISSN: 2398-4287 © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i10.1637
APP-LEARNING NO CONTEXTO DE GREVE E OCUPAÇÃO DO COLÉGIO PEDRO II
Authors: Almeida Joelma Fabiane Ferreira , Santos Edmea
Published: January 2019

Apresentamos aqui aspectos formativos acionados nos usos de aplicativos em movimentos sociais. A partir de uma ciberpesquisa-formação buscamos compreender como formam e se formam docentes envolvidos em processos político-pedagógicos mediados pela criação e uso desses dispositivos em contextos de greve e ocupação do Colégio Pedro II. Experiências de pesquisa e de app-learning foram vivenciadas na ambiência formativa mediada pelo “App-MobilizaCP2”, criado no cotidiano desses movimentos. Defendemos o ocupar e a greve nas escolas como novos fenômenos de luta e formação de seus sujeitos, ocorridos na interface cidade-ciberespaço e em meio às ações curriculares emergentes. Palavras-chaves: ciberpesquisa-formação, app-learning, movimentos sociais.
MÍDIA-EDUCAÇÃO NA "PRIMAVERA SECUNDARISTA": UM ESTUDO DE CASO NO ENSINO DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO
Authors: Girardello Gilka , Lapa Andrea Brandão
Published: January 2019

O artigo analisa uma experiência de articulação entre uma disciplina de pós-graduação em uma universidade federal e as ocupações de escolas em defesa da educação durante a chamada "Primavera Secundarista" de 2016. O trabalho baseia-se em referências das teorias da comunicação, dos estudos culturais e da mídia-educação, bem como nos conceitos-chave do programa Cultura Viva do MinC (2009): autonomia, protagonismo, empoderamento e gestão em rede. Como um todo, o trabalho discute aspectos favoráveis ao compromisso da universidade com a educação básica, à mídia-educação para além da retórica e à invenção pedagógica no campo da Educação e da Comunicação.
FACEBOOK, UN ESPACIO PARA COMPARTIR LA LECTURA. UNA EXPERIENCIA EN UN AULA DE EDUCACIÓN OBLIGATORIA SECUNDARIA EN ESPAÑA
Authors: Amar Víctor , Oliva Manuel Romero , Heredia Hugo
Published: January 2019

Ante una pregunta como: ¿para qué usan las tecnologías los adolescentes? Las respuestas podrían ser o deberían ser varias y variadas. Es decir, faltaría imaginación en los docentes del siglo XXI para saber compartir la lectura en las aulas de educación secundaria obligatoria en el contexto español. Estamos preparados para trabajar con las tecnologías del momento actual o estamos mirando para otros lugares lejos de la educación real. De repente no tenemos una respuesta absoluta pero con Facebook podemos mirar para la cibercultura, para un nuevo ambiente de una educación pensada para los estudiantes. Para eso, necesitamos de formación y predisposición. De lo contrario vamos a perpetuar la lectura del pasado
Educação e Comunicação na sociedade digital: luz e sombras que espelham as vias dicotômicas entre regulação e a emancipação
Authors: Linhares Ronaldo Nunes , Linhares Maria Conceição Silva
Published: January 2019

Esse artigo tem o objetivo fazer uma reflexão acerca das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação considerando as contradições que a informação encerra no desenvolvimento da chamada sociedade da informação de sua transformação mercadológica no cenário informacional contemporâneo e da perspectiva da emancipação. Se propõe também repensar a relação da educação com as tecnologias digitais na cibercultura e a importância da escola como um lugar privilegiado no processo de uso dessas tecnologias para a emancipação. De forma reflexiva abordamos as TDIC como mediadoras de processos informacionais e comunicacionais na contemporaneidade e suas possibilidades de acomodar na sua estrutura técnica e informacional efeitos de luz e sombra, possibilidades liberadoras e reguladoras, cujos resultados irão depender do foco, da intensidade de luz e sombra e do lugar onde a informação será projetada, as possibilidades de acesso e da forma de sua utilização.
Apresentação
Authors: Bruno Adriana Rocha , Pesce Lucila Maria , Santos Edmea
Published: January 2019

O campo da educação tem se transformado muito nas últimas décadas, mas algo sempre permanece. Dentre tantas coisas que permanecem e que nossos grandes mestres foram brilhantes em explicitá-las, como Paulo Freire e suas Pedagogias: do Oprimido, da Autonomia, da Indignação e uma das mais importantes no mundo atual: a Pedagogia da Esperança (1992), uma que nos impregna é o medo. Como primeira emoção humana, o medo nos mobiliza e é com ele que realizamos e transformamos o mundo e a educação. Mia Couto (2011) traz em seu texto "Murar o medo" a força que o medo pode promover e o quão ele nos faz humanos:  "Há muros que separam nações, há muros que dividem pobres e ricos. Mas não há hoje no mundo muro que separe os que têm medo dos que não têm medo. Sob as mesmas nuvens cinzentas vivemos todos nós, do sul e do norte, do ocidente e do oriente...".Possivelmente foi o medo, e seu outro (?) lado, a coragem, que nos fez produzir este número temático. Somente quem tem medo e coragem, juntos, resiste. Resistimos porque medo e coragem nos fazem esperançar, como quis Freire. Resistimos porque temos a certeza, uma das poucas é certo, de que podemos mudar, podemos transformar os contextos, os cenários.
Entrevista 2 - Prof. Dr. Mario Pireddu
Authors: Pesce Lucila , Santos Edmea , Bruno Adriana Rocha
Published: January 2019

Pesquisador da Faculdade de Ciências da Educação da Universidade Roma Tre, em diálogo com o Prof. Nelson Pretto, aborda aspectos centrais para este número temático, como a relação entre Educação e Net-ativismo, a relação entre educação e cibercultura, em um cenário de resistência e os principais desafios, possibilidades e perspectivas, na relação entre educação e cibercultura, em contexto de resistência, no Brasil e no mundo.
A CONCEPÇÃO DE APRENDIZAGEM NAS PROPOSTAS CURRICULARES DA REDE MUNICIPAL DE ENSINO DE JUIZ DE FORA
Authors: Garcia-Reis Andreia Rezende
Published: January 2019

Este estudo investiga a concepção de aprendizagem nas Propostas Curriculares da Rede Municipal de Ensino do município de Juiz de Fora/MG, elaboradas a partir de um processo de diálogo e discussão entre profissionais das diversas áreas de conhecimento e profissionais da educação municipal. Trata-se de uma pesquisa realizada no interior do Grupo GISE (Interação, Sociedade e Educação – CNPq/UFJF), cujos objetivos são analisar os textos das nove propostas curriculares em diferentes perspectivas e com diferentes objetos de análise. Este artigo apresenta os resultados da investigação referente à análise da concepção de aprendizagem dos documentos de Língua Portuguesa, Matemática, Geografia, História, Ciências, Línguas Estrangeiras, Arte, Educação Infantil e Educação de Jovens e Adultos e como tal concepção é revelada no interior desses documentos. A adoção de uma concepção de aprendizagem pelos documentos curriculares explicita aos professores e gestores escolares como o processo de ensino deve ser conduzido, orientando-os na elaboração de atividades no interior da sala de aula, uma vez que conteúdos e objetivos de aprendizagem devem estar em estreita relação (DOLZ e SCHNEUWLY, 2004).
RETHINKING CHILD RIGHTS THROUGH POST-CHILD ETHICS
Authors: Aitken Stuart C.
Published: January 2019

Direitos infantis universais não funcionam. Há umatrajetória clara de agendas baseadas em direitos, desde oIluminismo, que deixam os jovens sem espaço e fora dolugar. Com este artigo, concentro-me explicitamente na vida precária da juventude: sua situação dentro decenários de transformação política e econômica queenfraquecem as instituições sociais tradicionais de cuidadoe cidadania. Como a vida dos jovens são feitas ou desfeitasenquanto sofrimento e capacidade de suportar, por meioda despossessão e do apagamento? Empiricamente, eudiscuto o cerceamento dos direitos dos jovens em faceda transformação do socialismo de Estado, em primeirolugar, para um Estado neoliberal aparentemente livre eaberto no segundo. Que tipo de possibilidades políticasbaseadas em direitos estão disponíveis para os jovens dehoje e como a cidadania emocional cotidiana medeia esseseventos? A noção de cidadania emocional cotidiana é capazde retrabalhar contextos de direitos e sujeitos? Sugiro umapossível resposta a essa pergunta por meio do que RosiBraidotti chama de ética sustentável pós-humana
DE QUEM É A INFÂNCIA?
Authors: Tunes Elizabeth
Published: January 2019

No presente texto, são discutidos os conceitosde território, territorialidade e infância,problematizando cada um e as relações que podemguardar entre si. Para tanto, parte-se da definição deterritório e territorialidade, mostrando-se como essesconceitos foram apropriados pelas ciências humanasem geral, após a ampliação de seu sentido feita pelaetologia. Critica-se, então, a proposta metodológicaapresentada na etologia para estudo das relaçõessociais humanas, descrevendo-se, sinteticamente,a solução elaborada no âmbito da perspectivahistórico-cultural de Lev Semionovitch Vigotskicom a formulação dos conceitos de situação social dedesenvolvimento e vivência (perejivanie).
(RE)CONECTANDO O NEXO: PERCEPÇÃO DE JOVENS BRASILEIROS SOBRE O NEXO ÁGUA-ENERGIA-ALIMENTO
Authors: Leal Rachel Nunes , Balestieri José Antônio Perrella , Zara Cristiana , Walker Catherine , Hall Joseph , Kraftl Peter
Published: January 2019

Pesquisas sobre o nexo água-energia-alimentocostumam focar apenas no gerenciamentodesses recursos, negligenciando as formas pelasquais diversos grupos sociais, especialmente osjovens, compreendem e se envolvem com o nexoem seu cotidiano. Para conhecer os saberes, aspercepções e as experiências dos jovens sobreágua, energia e alimentos, assim como as conexõesentre tais recursos, uma pesquisa de abordagemquantitativa e qualitativa foi realizada comjovens e profissionais de áreas relativas ao tema.Com base na análise dos resultados, será possívelestruturar estratégias para proteger os recursosnaturais e propor melhorias na Educação Básica,bem como políticas públicas.
MAPAS VIVENCIAIS E A PESQUISA COM CRIANÇAS
Authors: Costa Bruno Muniz Figueiredo , Barroso Vinícius Santos
Published: January 2019

O presente texto é um primeiro esforço de reflexãopor conta de uma pesquisa em andamento, intituladaMapas vivenciais: os lugares de infância de diferentesgerações em Juiz de Fora/Minas Gerais1. Trata-sede uma pesquisa em caráter inicial, que tem comoobjetivo primeiro compreender como os diferenteslugares foram vivenciados pelas crianças em Juiz deFora nas últimas décadas. Para tanto, tomamos osMapas Vivenciais como nossa principal ferramentametodológica para a produção cartográfica de crianças,adultos e idosos.
Estrategia conductal de educación alimetaria
Authors: Cortés-Moreno Assol , López Gamiño María del Refugio , Alarcón-Armendáriz Martha Elba , Torres Beltrán Xóchitl
Published: January 2019

Se diseñó y probó una estrategia de educación alimentaria en la que se aplican cuatro niveles de complejidad conductual y su efecto en la preferencia y selección de productos alimentarios en un grupo de 116 escolares en edades entre los siete y los trece años. Se empleó un diseño factorial (programado por grado), en el que los escolares de segundo, cuarto y sexto grado se asignaron a cuatro programas de intervención: situacional no instrumental, situacional instrumental, extrasituacional y transituacional. Se obtuvieron indicadores antropométricos y se evaluó la preferencia y selección de los productos alimentarios antes y después de la intervención. Las actividades correspondientes a los cuatro programas eran distintas y cada uno promovía competencias de diferentes complejidad. Los programas generaron cambios, tanto en la preferencia como en la selección de productos en los escolares, en especial, con los programas extrasituacional y transituacional en cuarto y sexto grado. Los niños de segundo grado no se beneficiaron con ningún programa. Los resultados indican que las estrategias que promueven niveles de competencia superiores en complejidad pueden tener más alcance cuando los niños poseen un mayor repertorio lingüístico.
Representaciones de académicos sobre la psicología como profesión. Estudio de caso
Authors: Covarrubias Papahiu Patricia
Published: January 2019

El artículo analiza las representacione de académicos sobre la práctica profesional de la psicología y el significado que atribuyen a su identidad social, con el propósito de considerar su influencia en la formación profesional. Como estudio de caso, se empleo una metodología de corte cualitativa e interpretativa para indagar las representaciones de académicos sobre el estatus y el prestigio social de la psicología, sus espacios ocupacionales, sus roles y su ejercicio profesional. Se encontró que para la mayoría de los académicos entrevistados, la psicología aún no tiene una identidad definida en la sociedad, tienen una concepción estática o histórica de la profesión con escaso conocimiento de sus ámbitos profesionales, y con poca claridad sobre su proyección social y profesional. Se concluye que los académicos se han profesionalizado en la docencia y desligado de los servicios profesionales de la psicología; tienen una visión predominantemente científica y disciplinar de la misma, a la vez que privilegian los contenidos teóricos y metodológicos en la formación profesional. Se propone abrir espacios curriculares para que los docentes adquieren los saberes y competencias profesionales de la disciplina.