bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
QUALITY OF 3D POINT CLOUDS FROM HIGHLY OVERLAPPING UAV IMAGERY
Authors: Haala N. , Cramer M. , Rothermel M.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. UAVs are becoming standard platforms for photogrammetric data capture especially while aiming at large scale aerial mapping for areas of limited extent. Such applications especially benefit from the very reasonable price of a small light UAS including control system and standard consumer grade digital camera, which is some orders of magnitude lower compared to digital photogrammetric systems. Within the paper the capability of UAV-based data collection will be evaluated for two different consumer camera systems and compared to an aerial survey with a state-of-the-art digital airborne camera system. During this evaluation, the quality of 3D point clouds generated by dense multiple image matching will be used as a benchmark. Also due to recent software developments such point clouds can be generated at a resolution similar to the ground sampling distance of the available imagery and are used for an increasing number of applications. Usually, image matching benefits from the good images quality as provided from digital airborne camera systems, which is frequently not available from the low-cost sensor components used for UAV image collection. Within the paper an investigation on UAV-based 3D data capture will be presented. For this purpose dense 3D point clouds are generated for a test area from three different platforms: first a UAV with a light weight compact camera, second a system using a system camera and finally a medium-format airborne digital camera system. Despite the considerable differences in system costs, suitable results can be derived from all data, especially if large redundancy is available such highly overlapping image blocks are not only beneficial during georeferencing, but are especially advantageous while aiming at a dense and accurate image based 3D surface reconstruction.
UAV APPLICATION IN POST – SEISMIC ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Baiocchi V. , Dominici D. , Mormile M.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. On April 6, 2009, an earthquake of 6.3 magnitude struck central Italy with its epicentre near L'Aquila, at 42.3502° N, 13.3762° E. The earthquake damaged 3000 to 11 000 buildings in the medieval city of L'Aquila. Several buildings totally collapsed, 308 people were killed. The post emergency phase till now is just at its beginning step. Conventional surveying techniques using high precision total stations, GNSS receivers and laser scanners for investigations on damaged buildings are always becoming more automated, accurate and operative and even much more fast. Even if these techniques represent instruments of extreme operability there are still many evident limits on their use, especially regarding the survey of both the roofs and the facades of tall buildings or dangerous places, typical on post earthquake situations. So using micro UAVs for surveying in such particular cases, many of these problems can be easily bypassed. In fact, the present work aims on experimenting using multi-rotor micro UAVs, that will allow high quality image capturing on roofs and facades of structures in the old city center of L'Aquila. To obtain actual stereoscopic acquisitions of buildings some conditions on the geometry of acquisition have to be observed, for this reason, taking as a guideline classic flight photogrammetric, a flight planning software was developed. Accurate planning for UAVs acquisitions is very important also considering the reduced autonomy of such vehicles. This can be a strategic point if we want to use UAVs for early damage assessment and also for post event reconstruction planning.
A MICRO-UAV WITH THE CAPABILITY OF DIRECT GEOREFERENCING
Authors: Rehak M. , Mabillard R. , Skaloud J.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. This paper presents the development of a low cost UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) with the capability of direct georeferencing. The advantage of such system lies in its high maneuverability, operation flexibility as well as capability to acquire image data without the need of establishing ground control points (GCPs). Moreover, the precise georeferencing offers an improvement in the final mapping accuracy when employing integrated sensor orientation. Such mode of operation limits the number and distribution of GCPs, which in turns save time in their signalization and surveying. Although the UAV systems feature high flexibility and capability of flying into areas that are inhospitable or inaccessible to humans, the lack of precision in positioning and attitude estimation on-board decrease the gained value of the captured imagery and limits their mode of operation to specific configurations and need of groundreference. Within a scope of this study we show the potential of present technologies in the field of position and orientation determination on a small UAV. The hardware implementation and especially the non-trivial synchronization of all components is clarified. Thanks to the implementation of a multi-frequency, low power GNSS receiver and its coupling with redundant MEMSIMU, we can attain the characteristic of a much larger systems flown on large carries while keeping the sensor size and weight suitable for MAV operations.
THE USE OF UAS FOR ASSESSING AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS IN AN WETLAND IN TANZANIA IN THE DRY- AND WET-SEASON FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND PROVIDING GROUND TRUTH FOR TERRA-SAR X DATA
Authors: Thamm H.-P. , Menz G. , Becker M. , Kuria D. N. , Misana S. , Kohn D.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. The paper describes the assessment of the vegetation and the land use systems of the Malinda Wetland in the Usambara Mountains in Tanzania with the parachute UAS (unmanned aerial system) SUSI 62. The area of investigation was around 8 km2. In two campaigns, one in the wet season and one in the dry season, approximately 2600 aerial photos of the wetland were taken using the parachute UAS SUSI 62; of these images, ortho-photos with a spatial resolution of 20 cm x 20 cm, were computed with an advanced block bundle approach. The block bundles were geo-referenced using control points taken with differential GPS. As well a digital surface model (DSM) of the wetland was created out of the UAS photos. Using the ortho-photos it is possible to assess the different land use systems; the differences in the phenology of the vegetation between wet and dry season can be investigated. In addition, the regionalisation of bio mass samples on smaller test plots was possible. The ortho-photos and the DSM derived from the UAS proved to be a valuable ground truth for the interpretation of Terra-SAR X images. The campaigns demonstrated that SUSI 62 was a suitable, robust tool to obtain the valuable information under harsh conditions.
Cordochaete (Agaricomycetes), a new corticioid genus from India
Authors: Sanyal S.K. , Samita  , Dhingra G.S. , Singh Avneet P.
Published: August 2013

A new monotypic corticioid genus, Cordochaete, is described with the new species C. cystidiata, from Haridwar in Uttarakhand, India.
Coccomyces pinicola sp. nov. on Pinus armandii from China
Authors: Lei Rong-Hua , Sun Kuan-Yue , Zhang Qin , Hou Cheng-Lin
Published: August 2013

A new species of Coccomyces, C. pinicola on twigs of Pinus armandii, is described from Yunnan Province, China. Coccomyces pinicola differs from other species on twigs of Pinus by its much smaller and stalked ascomata. A phylogenetic analysis based
on ITS rDNA sequences indicates that C. pinicola is more closely related to Colpoma quercinum (but only with weak support) than to any Coccomyces spp. included in the analysis.
New records of lichens from Chile
Authors: Wang Xin Yu , Pereira Iris , Oh Soon-Ok , Wang Li Song , Hur Jae-Seoun
Published: August 2013

After fieldwork in central Chile, five lichen species were established as new for the country: Bryoria lanestris, Buellia disciformis, Haematomma sorediatum, Lecidea capensis, and Punctelia rudecta. They were discovered in two national parks in the
Maule Region and the area surrounding the Termas de Chillán, Bío-Bío Region. Each species is briefly described, with habit illustrations and comments on chemistry, habitat, and morphology. These collections suggest a high potential for finding more unreported lichen species
in Chile's national parks.
Two striking Inocybe species from Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Fan Yu-Guang , Bau Tolgor
Published: August 2013

Two striking species, Inocybe caroticolor sp. nov. and I. olivaceonigra, are documented in this paper. Inocybe caroticolor is characterized by its carrot-colored basidiomata, entirely pruinose stipe, aromatic odor, and nodulose basidiospores. Inocybe olivaceonigra,
originally described from Papua New Guinea, is new to China. Illustrated descriptions of the two species are provided based on the Chinese collections. DNA sequences of internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) of the Chinese materials were generated, analyzed, and submitted to the GenBank.
Stipitate hydnums of the southern United States 1: Phellodon mississippiensis sp. nov.
Authors: Baird Richard E. , Wallace Lisa E. , Baker Gerald
Published: August 2013

During a general survey of fleshy fungi from Mississippi, an undescribed Phellodon species was observed in the Tombigbee National Forest at the same location over a two-year period. No other studies of the stipitate hydnums are available for the midsouthern states that directly
compare with the new species. Molecular sequence data of P. mississippiensis were distinct from other Phellodon spp. of the southeastern United States. The highly fused (concrescent) basidiomata of P. mississippiensis are found under mixed hardwoods and associated pines.
The light tan to light rust (orange) or salmon color on the marginal spines and along the margin of the small (≤5 cm broad) stout spongy tomentose basidiomata makes this species distinct. The presence of rare clamp connections was observed in the trama hyphae. However, identification of
P. mississippiensis can be complicated by its concrescent nature and the indeterminate growth forms caused by environmental conditions. Morphological characters and results from the phylogenetic analysis are included in the species description.
Pionnotes, a synonym of Dacrymyces rather than Fusarium
Authors: Seifert Keith A.
Published: August 2013

The holotype of Fusarium capitatum, the type of the genus Pionnotes, was re-examined. Although Pionnotes was historically considered a synonym of Fusarium, it should henceforth be designated a synonym of Dacrymyces, with F. capitatum a synonym
of D. chrysospermus. The generic name Pionnotes and species epithet capitatum should be evaluated further in future phylogenetic revisions of the Dacrymycetales, where most of the genera as currently understood are polyphyletic, and many common species such as D.
chrysospermus may represent complexes of phylogenetic species.
A new greenish gilled species of Marasmius (Agaricales) from Hainan Island, China
Authors: Yang Yi-Hua , Deng Chun-Ying , Li Tai-Hui
Published: August 2013

Marasmius subviridiphyllus is described as a new species from China supported by macro- and microscopic characters. It is classified in sect. Marasmius and characterized by its collariate greenish lamellae, developed rhizomorphs, slender fruiting bodies, dull red sulcate
pileus with a small greenish white disc, middle sized basidiospores (8.8–10.6 × 3.9–5 μm), Siccus-type cheilocystidia, and pileipellis broom cells. The holotype (GDGM 26402) is deposited in the Fungal Herbarium of Guangdong Institute of Microbiology (GDGM).
New combinations, Scheffersomyces amazonensis and S. ergatensis
Authors: Urbina Hector , Blackwell Meredith
Published: August 2013

On the basis of gene sequence analyses, two new combinations are proposed for the genus Scheffersomyces (Saccharomycotina, Debaryomycetaceae).
A new halotolerant species of Alternaria from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China
Authors: Wang Fang , Li An-Na , Dai Dong-Mei , Xu Xiao-Xue , Li Duo-Chuan
Published: August 2013

A new halotolerant species of Alternaria, A. xiaochaidanensis, is described and illustrated. The specimen was collected from a salt lake on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The type specimen is deposited in the Herbarium of the Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University
(HSAUP).
Yunchangia, a new genus of smut fungi (Ustilaginaceae) from China
Authors: Guo Lin , Xu Biao
Published: August 2013

Yunchangia puccinelliae gen. et sp. nov. on Puccinellia glauca, is described. The fungus was collected from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
A new species and new record of Chloridium from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Area, China
Authors: Wu Yue-Ming , Zhang Tian-Yu
Published: August 2013

A new species, Chloridium xigazense, and a new record for China, C. phaeosporum, are described and illustrated. Specimens (dried cultures) and living cultures are deposited in the Herbarium of Shandong Agricultural University, Plant Pathology (HSAUP). Duplicates are kept
in the Herbarium of Institute of Microbiology, Academia Sinica (HMAS).
Lecanora gansuensis sp. nov. (subfusca group) from China
Authors: Lü Lei , Ren Qiang , Jiang Dai-Feng , Wang Hai-Ying , Zhao Zun-Tian B
Published: August 2013

Lecanora gansuensis is described as new to science from China and South Korea. It is characterized by flexuous apothecial margins and the presence of stictic acid, norstictic acid, and connorstictic acid in addition to atranorin.
Typification of Tuber formosanum (Tuberaceae, Pezizales, Ascomycota) from Taiwan, China
Authors: Qiao Peng , Liu Pei-Gui , Hu Hung Tao , Wang Yun
Published: August 2013

When Hu described Tuber formosanum in 1992 as a new species based on collections from Dung-Pu, Nantou County, Taiwan, he neglected to designate a type, so that the name was not validly published. The current authors re-describe, illustrate, and validate T. formosanum based
on a type selected from recent collections from the same region. Tuber formosanum is closely related to the indicum complex but differs in morphological, phylogenetic, and other respects and should be treated as a separate taxon.
Three new Inocephalus species with cuboid basidiospores from New South Wales and Queensland, Australia
Authors: Largent David L. , Bergemann Sarah E. , Abell-Davis Sandra E. , Kluting Kerri L. , Cummings Griffin A.
Published: August 2013

Three new Inocephalus species with cuboid spores are described from central New South Wales and northern Queensland, Australia. Inocephalus plicatus is diagnosed by its yellow pileus becoming plicate-striate and yellowish orange when mature, pungent odor, bitter taste,
and pseudocystidia on all lamellar surfaces. Inocephalus hypipamee is differentiated by its brown umbonate pileus, white lamellae and stipe, obclavate cheilocystidia, subisodiametric basidiospores and clampless hyphae. Inocephalus parvisporus possesses small basidiospores and
a Leptonia-like stature.
Gloeophyllum protractum is synonymous with G. mexicanum
Authors: Kout Jií , Vlasák Jr. Josef , Vlasák Josef
Published: August 2013

Gloeophyllum protractum, a boreal polypore, is synonymized with the subtropical G. mexicanum. This taxonomic opinion is supported by sequencing of ITS and nuLSU regions. Morphology and ecology of this species are discussed.
Ophiodothella angustissima comb. nov., a new name for Acerviclypeatus poriformans and O. vaccinii
Authors: Hanlin Richard T. , González María C.
Published: August 2013

A common leaf spot disease on Vaccinium arboreum in the southeastern United States has been attributed to Ophiodothella vaccinii. The leaves are infected in early spring and during the summer abundant acervular conidia are produced. In addition to O. vaccinii, two
names have been applied to this fungus in the literature, Septoria angustissima and Acerviclypeatus poriformans. A study was undertaken to determine which name should be applied to this fungus, resulting in our proposing a new combination. On the basis of priority, O. angustissima
comb. nov. is the correct name for the taxon.
Lenzitopsis oxycedri (Thelephoraceae, Basidiomycota): newly recorded for the Balkan Peninsula
Authors: Karadelev Mitko , Rusevska Katerina , Avramovski Oliver
Published: August 2013

Lenzitopsis oxycedri is reported from the Balkan Peninsula for the first time, growing in a Mediterranean juniper forest in the Republic of Macedonia. This very rare species was collected on living branches of Juniperus foetidissima from Galichica National Park, in the
southwestern part of the country.
Cortinarius of California: eight new species in subg. Telamonia
Authors: Bojantchev Dimitar
Published: August 2013

Described are eight new species of Cortinarius subg. Telamonia from California and the Pacific Northwest of North America. Four species fruit in the fall and the other four are vernal. Cortinarius cisqhale is a tanoak associate that fruits abundantly in the fall
and winter. Cortinarius athabascus is an autumnal fruiting species and is broadly distributed throughout the region in conifer and mixed woods. Cortinarius tuolumnensis, C. miwok, C. gualalaensis, and C. ohlone belong to the /decipiens clade — the first
two fruit vernally in boreal and montane habitat while the other two are autumnal at low elevations under coastal pine and live oak, respectively. Cortinarius eldoradoensis is a vernal fruiting species abundant in the higher elevations near melting snow. Cortinarius truckeensis
is a rare, but locally abundant, species known only from its type location near Truckee, California.
Pseudofusicoccum adansoniae isolated as an endophyte from Jatropha podagrica: new record for India
Authors: Sharma Rohit , Kulkarni Girish , Shouche Yogesh S.
Published: August 2013

Pseudofusicoccum adansoniae (Botryosphaeriaceae), representing a new generic record for India, is described and illustrated. The species, isolated as an endophyte from healthy leaf midrib and fruit of Jatropha podagrica, is characterized by large conidiomata and
hyaline ellipsoid conidia with round apices. Its teleomorph is unknown. Comparison of the internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 loci and 5.8S rDNA sequences showed 100% sequence similarity with that of CBS 122055, the ex-type strain of P. adansoniae.
Basidiospore ultrastructure of some Dacrymycetales from Mexico
Authors: Sierra Sigfrido , Cifuentes Joaquín , Echeverría-Martínez Olga M. , Castro-Santiuste Sandra
Published: August 2013

An ultrastructural study was made of basidiospores from nine species of Dacrymycetales: Calocera macrospora, C. viscosa, Dacrymyces dictyosporus, D. chrysospermus, Dacryopinax elegans, Da. spathularia, Da. lowyi, Guepiniopsis
alpina, and G. buccina. Spore walls and septa analyzed with transmission electron microscopy revealed the absence or presence of discrete lateral wall layers as well as septal pores that appear diagnostic at the species level.
Two Ropalospora lichens new to mainland China
Authors: Hu Ling , Wang Hai-Ying , Liu Jing , Zhao Zun-Tian
Published: August 2013

The genus Ropalospora is reported from mainland China for the first time; R. chlorantha is new to China, while R. phaeoplaca is new to mainland China.
South Florida microfungi: a new species of Ellisembia (hyphomycetes) with new records from the U.S.A.
Authors: Delgado Gregorio
Published: August 2013

Ellisembia mercadoi sp. nov., collected on rachides of dead leaves of Sabal palmetto in southwestern Florida, U.S.A., is described and illustrated. The fungus is characterized by cylindrical, determinate conidiogenous cells and verruculose, subfusiform to narrowly obclavate
or obclavate-rostrate, 7–16 distoseptate conidia often with remnants of an apical mucilaginous sheath. Similarities and differences with morphologically related species within the genus are discussed. Berkleasmium leonense, Ceratosporella basibicellularia, Hermatomyces
tucumanensis, Monodictys capensis, and Selenosporella perramosa are newly recorded from the U.S.A.
Molecular characterization of Colletotrichum species causing soybean anthracnose in Argentina
Authors: Ramos Araceli M. , Tadic Luis Franco , Cinto Isabel , Carmona Marcelo , Gally Marcela
Published: August 2013

Twenty-six isolates obtained from soybean crops (Glycine max) with typical anthracnose symptoms were identified as Colletotrichum truncatum (73 %) and C. destructivum (26 %). Their genetic relationships were studied using the AFLP method. A UPGMA phenogram divided
the strains into two clusters corresponding with the two species. Genetic distances based on association coefficient were 0.71–0.89 among the 18 C. truncatum strains and 0.67–1 among the eight C. destructivum strains. Genetic variability within species, measured in
terms of percentage of polymorphic loci, was high (<90%). Only two isolates showed 100% similarity, suggesting high intraspecific variability.
Lyophyllum rhombisporum sp. nov. from China
Authors: Wang Xiao-Qing , Zhou De-Qun , Zhao Yong-Chang , Zhang Xiao-Lei , Li Lin , Li Shu-Hong
Published: August 2013

A new species, collected from Yunnan Province, China, is here described as Lyophyllum rhombisporum (Lyophyllaceae, Agaricales). The new species is macroscopically and microscopically very similar to L. sykosporum and L. transforme, but its spore shape is
quite different. Molecular analysis also supports L. rhombisporum as an independent species.
New records of corticolous lichens from Vietnam
Authors: Joshi Santosh , Nguyen Thi Thuy , Dzung Nguyen Anh , Jayalal Udeni , Oh Soon-Ok , Hur Jae-Seoun
Published: August 2013

Eight new records of crustose lichens are reported from Dak Lak, Dak Nong, and Vinh Phuc provinces in Vietnam. Descriptions of Diorygma hieroglyphicum, Letrouitia leprolytoides, L. transgressa, Ocellularia perforata, Opegrapha robusta, Platythecium
colliculosum, P. dimorphodes, and Syncesia farinacea include morphological, anatomical, chemical characters, and comparisons with similar taxa.
Critical revision of myxomycetes in the Buenos Aires BAFC herbarium — 1
Authors: Moreno Gabriel , Castillo Aurelio , Deschamps Jorge R.
Published: August 2013

The first analytical results of 32 myxomycetes specimens kept at the BAFC herbarium are presented. The following species stand out: Craterium obovatum, Diderma meyerae, Diderma stellulum, Didymium ovoideum, Stemonitis pallida, S. webberi, Trichia decipiens
var. olivacea, and T. subfusca. Type material descriptions of Stemonitis pallida and S. webberi are also provided. Optical microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs illustrate the most representative characteristics of species that are rare
or not often mentioned in the literature.
Eight new combinations and a replacement name in the genus Hygrocybe
Authors: Bessette Alan E. , Bessette Arleen R. , Roody William C. , Sturgeon Walter E.
Published: August 2013

Eight invalidly published combinations and one nomen novum in the genus Hygrocybe are validated in this paper.
Tuber subglobosum and T. wenchuanense — two new species with spino-reticulate ascospores
Authors: Fan Li , Cao Jin-Zhong , Hou Cheng-Lin
Published: August 2013

Two new Tuber species from China with spino-reticulate ascospores are described and illustrated. Tuber subglobosum is characterized by its subglobose ascospores with distinct spino-reticulate ornamentation, and T. wenchuanense is recognized by the very irregular
spino-reticulate ornamentation on the ascospore surface, with the spines connected to each other at the base and forming U-shaped ridges at the apex. ITS sequence analyses support both new species.
DOSIS DE COMPOST Y SU EFECTO EN EL CRECIMIENTO Y RENDIMIENTO DEL CULTIVO DE NOPAL (Opuntia ficus-indica L.), LAS ESQUINAS, CARAZO
Authors: Jarquín-Calderón Yader , Lagos-Gutiérrez Oniss , Blanco-Navarro Moises
Published: August 2013

El nopal (Opuntia ficus-indica L.) es una planta perteneciente a la familia de las cactáceas que sobrevive en zonas áridas y semiáridas. En Nicaragua esta especie por su gran variabilidad genética, posibilidades de adaptabilidad y no requerir de importante cantidad de agua es una alternativa, principalmente en zonas con empobrecimiento paulatino de los suelos. La falta de alimento humano y animal, hace de este cultivo una planta importante para resolver este déficit alimentario. Este ensayo se estableció el 19 de mayo del 2010 en la finca Ecolote Ave María, ubicada en Las Esquinas, Carazo, en el km 37 ½ carretera Managua - San Marcos, Carazo. Se utilizó un diseño de Bloque Completo al Azar (BCA), con cuatro repeticiones y seis tratamientos (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5) kg de compost por planta. El área de estudio comprendió 117 m2. El análisis de los datos registrados durante los cuatro meses del estudio se realizó mediante la técnica no paramétrica de Kruskal Wallis, la cual indica que no existen diferencias estadísticas en ninguna de las variables. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/calera.v12i19.1183 La Calera Revista Científica Vol. 12. Nº 19, p. 91-95 / diciembre 2012
IDENTIFICACIÓN DE HÁBITATS POTENCIALES, EFECTIVOS Y CONECTIVIDAD PARA LA FAUNA SILVESTRE, NANDAIME, NICARAGUA
Authors: Garmendia Zapata Miguel , Guevara Alonzo Jurgen , Cisneros Jorge
Published: August 2013

El presente estudio se propone determinar los hábitats efectivos y potenciales dentro de un parche de bosque seco secundario de 4.26 ha y la existencia de conexión de ésta área con otra área natural (estudio de paisaje) que sirva de corredor a la fauna silvestre en la comunidad La Chipopa, Nandaime. Los tipos de hábitats se seleccionaron según criterios florísticos. Para el estudio de conectividad y fragmentación se realizó un análisis con imágenes de satélite para determinar las clases de cobertura de la zona y se utilizaron como firmas espectrales las clases de cobertura vegetal 2011 del Ministerio de Agropecuario y Forestal (MAGFOR), la herramienta V_LATE 1.1 y la herramienta corridor desinger. Se determinaron siete tipos de hábitat. El hábitat de mayor tamaño fue el Área de árboles con poca infección con lianas (AAPL) (3.05 ha) la cual representa el 72 % del área total. En registro bibliográfico se determinaron 271 especies en el paisaje, de éstas, 102 (38 %) no encontrarían hábitat dentro del área. Los hábitats efectivos se determinaron por medio de muestreos anteriores, la mayor cantidad de especies (11 o el 33%) se asocia con AAPL. Dentro de los hábitats potenciales se encuentran: AAPL (23 o el 17 %) y Área de árboles con mucha infección por lianas (AAML) (12 o el 9%), sin embargo se determinaron que 26 especies (19%) prefieren toda el área como hábitat potencial. El análisis de estructura del paisaje indica que el área se divide en 17 clases de cobertura, de éstas, las áreas de tacotal cubren el 48% del total mientras que las áreas de cultivos y pastos cubren en 34%. Dentro de la matriz del paisaje el uso que se encuentra más fragmentado es el área de bosque cerrado ya que la distancia mínima que una especie de fauna silvestre debería de recorrer para encontrar esa clase es de 4,184 m, las clases de cobertura menos fragmentadas fueron las áreas agrícolas y pastos. Existe una relación entre las variables forma, dimensión fractal y proximidad en relación a los usos cultivos, pasto y bosque latifoliado cerrado. El paisaje se encuentra muy fragmentado para permitir la existencia de corredores por donde fluya la fauna silvestre. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/calera.v12i19.1185 La Calera Revista Científica Vol. 12. Nº 19, p. 107-115 / diciembre 2012
ADOPCIÓN DE DOS SISTEMAS PRODUCTIVOS ADAPTATIVOS: GRANOS BÁSICOS CON ÁRBOLES DISPERSOS Y GRANOS BÁSICOS EN CALLEJONES MEJORADOS EN LA ZONA SECA DE NICARAGUA, 2006-2008
Authors: Toruño Pedro José , Mendoza Ríos Carlos Ernesto
Published: August 2013

En la actualidad no existe ningún registro de estudios de aceptación y/o adopción de sistemas agroforestales o bien sobre las obras físicas, prácticas y tecnologías de conservación de suelo y agua de parte de agricultores que tienen establecidos estos sistemas de producción de alguno de los siete municipios de la zona seca del occidente de Nicaragua, de ahí la necesidad de realizar estudios de aceptación y adopción en la zona. Los objetivos del estudio fueron describir las obras agronómicas y físicas de conservación de suelo más utilizadas por los agricultores en los sistemas productivos adaptativos de Granos Básicos con Árboles Dispersos (GBAD), y Granos Básicos en Callejones Mejorados (GBCM), y evaluar el grado de aceptación y adopción de los dos sistemas productivos adaptativos promovidos por el Proyecto Manejo Sostenible de la Tierra (MST); y ejecutado por las familias productoras de siete municipios de la zona seca de León, Chinandega y un municipio de Managua en el período 2006-2008. Este estudio es descriptivo y de corte transversal con valoraciones cualitativas y cuantitativas en relación al uso actual y potencial de los sistemas productivos. La metodología de investigación utilizada fue la del análisis de la toma de decisiones por medio del método rápido de sistemas diversos. Dicha metodología está diseñada para tomar decisiones utilizando indicadores sencillos para priorizar los problemas a nivel de finca con base a tres criterios: prioridad, capacidad de manejo y disposición del medio. Para evaluar el grado de aceptación y adopción se utilizó la metodología del Programa para la Agricultura Sostenible en Laderas de Centro América PASOLAC. Los agricultores que poseen grandes extensiones de tierra fueron los que menos adoptaron y aceptaron las tecnologías difundidas, mientras que agricultores con fincas de menor extensión territorial mostraron mayor grado de aceptación y adopción de los Sistemas Agroforestales (SAF). Los organismos capacitadores que han tenido mayor presencia en las zonas de estudio son el Instituto Nicaragüense de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), junto al proyecto MST, estos han ido de la mano para la divulgación de las nuevas tecnologías. Menor presencia tuvo el organismo Unidad Ambiental (UAM). La adopción de ambos sistemas agroforestales fue de 100 % en casi todos los municipios. Un consolidado de la adopción de todos los municipios muestra que 73% de los mismos han adoptado ambos sistemas (GBAD y GBCM). Un alto porcentaje de los agricultores encuestados mantienen las tecnologías promovidas, expandiendo así ambos sistemas agroforestales en sus parcelas productivas, logrando un manejo sostenible de la tierra. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/calera.v12i19.1186 La Calera Revista Científica Vol. 12. Nº 19, p. 116-123 / diciembre 2012
Effect of connection type on galvanic corrosion between lead and copper pipes
Authors: Clark Brandi , Cartier Clément , Clair Justin St. , Triantafyllidou Simoni , Prévost Michèle , Edwards Marc
Published: August 2013

Pipe connectors can significantly influence galvanic corrosion between lead and copper pipes by distancing the lead from copper pipe, introducing a third metal, and forming crevices. In this study, the effects of distance, connector material, and crevices on galvanic corrosion were examined, and bench‐scale comparison testing of commercial connectors was conducted using real tap waters. Brass connectors were found to only slightly decrease (< 25%) the galvanic current that sacrifices, or corrodes, lead pipe, with higher reductions for brasses with higher zinc content. Crevices in brass connectors contained water with extremely high levels of lead (up to 9.4 × 106 μg/L); in bench‐scale tests, crevices produced approximately four times more lead release to the water than did direct connections.
Amorphous carbon encapsulation of metal aerosol nanoparticles for improved collection and prevention of oxidation
Authors: Scharmach William J. , Sharma Munish K. , Buchner Raymond D. , Papavassiliou Vasilis , Vajani Gaurav N. , Swihart Mark T.
Published: August 2013

A technique to encapsulate silver nanoparticles in an amorphous carbon matrix to facilitate nanoparticle collection and limit nanoparticle oxidation is presented. A carbon source added to the metal salt precursor solution decomposes to generate amorphous carbon, which forms large aggregates that are efficiently collected by filtration. The carbon matrix can be removed by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide without damaging the silver nanoparticles within it. X‐ray diffraction showed no evidence of oxidation of encapsulated particles over a two‐week period, whereas bare particles showed oxidation after 1 day. Slight oxidation was observed following carbon removal, but no further oxidation was detected over a subsequent two‐week period. Carbon encapsulation improves nanoparticle collection efficiency, relative to direct collection of unagglomerated silver nanoparticles with membrane filters. The yield of metal nanoparticles is increased by a factor 1.5 to 3 using this approach. The encapsulating carbon itself forms dendritic nanostructures that may also be of interest. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 4116–4123, 2013
A novel method for preparing silver/poly(siloxane‐b‐methyl methacrylate) nanocomposites with multiple properties in the DMF‐toluene mixture solvent
Authors: Zhou Yin‐Ning , Cheng Hua , Luo Zheng‐Hong
Published: August 2013

A novel method for preparing silver/poly(siloxane‐b‐methyl methacrylate) (Ag/(PDMS‐b‐PMMA)) hybrid nanocomposites was proposed by using the siloxane‐containing block copolymers as stabilizer. The reduction of silver nitrate (AgNO3) was performed in the mixture solvent of dimethyl formamide (DMF) and toluene, which was used to dissolve double‐hydrophobic copolymer, as well as served as the powerful reductant. The presence of the PMMA block in the copolymer indeed exerted as capping ligands for nanoparticles. The resultant nanocomposites exhibited super hydrophobicity with water contact angle of 123.3°and the thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) revealed that the resultant nanocomposites with more PDMS were more heat‐resisting. Besides, the antimicrobial efficiency of the most desirable nanocomposite (Ag/PDMS65‐b‐PMMA30loaded with 7.3% silver nanoparticle) could reach up to 99.4% when contacting with escherichia coli within 120 min. As a whole, the resultant nanocomposites by the integration of excellent properties of silver nanoparticles as well as siloxane‐block copolymers can be a promising for the development of materials with hydrophobic, heat‐resisting and outstanding antibacterial properties from the chemical product engineering viewpoint. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical EngineersAIChE J, 59: 4780–4793, 2013
Maternal FMR1 premutation allele expansion and contraction in fraternal twins
Authors: Alfaro Maria P. , Cohen Melinda , Vnencak‐Jones Cindy L.
Published: August 2013

Fragile X syndrome results from an expansion of the CGG trinucleotide repeat in the 5′ untranslated region of the Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 (FMR1) gene. Expansion of a maternal premutation allele is the mechanism by which a full mutation allele arises; contraction of a maternal premutation allele is rare. Here we report on both an expansion and contraction of a maternal FMR1 premutation allele in fraternal twins. The propositus was the product of a 29‐week gestation twin pregnancy and was referred for FMR1 testing due to developmental delay. A FMR1 full mutation with complete methylation was observed on Southern blot analysis. Evaluation of the maternal FMR1 gene by PCR revealed a normal and premutation allele with CGG repeat numbers of 30 and 93, respectively. Subsequent FMR1 testing on the twin sister of the propositus detected CGG repeat numbers of 30 and 54. The FMR1 CGG repeat number of the reproductive partner was 30. The FMR1 CGG repeat 30 allele in the twin sister was determined to be of paternal origin and the FMR1 allele with a CGG repeat number of 54 was of maternal origin. This observation is particularly interesting not only because of the concomitant donation of a FMR1 expanded and contracted premutation allele in a twin pregnancy but also because of the significant degree of contraction (39 repeats) of the maternal premutation allele. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A 3p interstitial deletion in two monozygotic twin brothers and an 18‐year‐old man: Further characterization and review
Authors: Maria Christina Schwaibold Eva , Zoll Barbara , Burfeind Peter , Hobbiebrunken Elke , Wilken Bernd , Funke Rudolf , Shoukier Moneef
Published: August 2013

An increasing number of patients with 3p proximal deletions were reported in the previous decade, but the region responsible for the main features such as intellectual disability (ID) and developmental delay is not yet characterized. Here we report on two monozygotic twin brothers of 2 10/12 years and an 18‐year‐old man, all three of them displaying severe ID, psychomotoric delay, autistic features, and only mild facial dysmorphisms. Array CGH (aCGH), revealed a 6.55 Mb de novo interstitial deletion of 3p14.1p14.3 in the twin brothers and a 4.76 Mb interstitial deletion of 3p14.1p14.2 in the 18‐year‐old patient, respectively. We compared the malformation spectrum with previous molecularly well‐defined patients in the literature and in the DECIPHER database (Database of Chromosomal Imbalance and Phenotype in Humans using Ensembl Resources; http://decipher.sanger.ac.uk/). In conclusion, the deletion of a region containing 3p14.2 seems to be associated with a relative concise phenotype including ID and developmental delay. Thus, we hypothesize that 3p14.2 is the potential core region in 3p proximal deletions. The knowledge of this potential core region could be helpful in the genetic counselling of patients with 3p proximal deletions, especially concerning their phenotype. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bilaterally cleft lip and bilateral thumb polydactyly with triphalangeal component in a patient with two De novo deletions of HSA 4q32 and 4q34 involving PDGFC, GRIA2, and FBXO8 genes
Authors: Calcia Alessandro , Gai Giorgia , Di Gregorio Eleonora , Talarico Flavia , Naretto Valeria G. , Migone Nicola , Pepe Ernesto , Grosso Enrico , Brusco Alfredo
Published: August 2013

We report on a newborn boy with a bilateral cleft of the primary palate, duplicated triphalangeal thumbs, and a patent foramen ovale. During childhood he had moderate developmental delay. Brain MRI at 4 years was normal. The concurrence of non‐syndromic clefts of the lip/palate (CL/P) and duplicated thumbs with triphalangeal component has, to our knowledge, not been reported so far. In our case, array‐CGH analysis documented two de novo deletions (∼1.2 Mb and ∼400 Kb) of the long arm of chromosome 4, containing four genes: platelet‐derived growth factor C (PDGFC), glycine receptor beta subunit (GLRB), glutamate receptor ionotropic AMPA2 (GRIA2), and F‐box protein 8 gene (FBXO8). PDGFC codes for a mesenchymal cell growth factor already known to be associated with clefts of the lip. Pdgfc−/− mice have skeletal anomalies, and facial schisis resembling human cleft/lip palate. GRIA2 codes for a ligand‐activated cation channel that mediates the fast component of postsynaptic excitatory currents in neurons, and may be linked to cognitive dysfunction. FBXO8, a gene of unknown function, is a member of the F‐box gene family, among which FBXW4, within the minimal duplicated region associated with human split‐hand/foot malformation type 3 (SHFM type 3). The presence of overlapping deletions in patients who do not share the same phenotype of our case suggests incomplete penetrance, and a possible effect of modifier genetic factors. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Severe intellectual disability, West syndrome, Dandy–Walker malformation, and syndactyly in a patient with partial tetrasomy 17q25.3
Authors: Hackmann Karl , Stadler Anja , Schallner Jens , Franke Kathlen , Gerlach Eva‐Maria , Schrock Evelin , Rump Andreas , Fauth Christine , Tinschert Sigrid , Oexle Konrad
Published: August 2013

We report on a de novo 0.5 Mb triplication (partial tetrasomy) of chromosome 17q25.3 in a 10‐year‐old girl with severe intellectual disability, infantile seizures (West syndrome), moderate hearing loss, Dandy–Walker malformation, microcephaly, craniofacial dysmorphism, striking cutaneous syndactyly (hands 3–4, feet 2–3), joint laxity, and short stature. The triplication resulted from the unusual combination of a terminal duplication at 17qter and a cryptic translocation of an extra copy of the same segment onto chromosome 10qter. The breakpoint at 17q25.3 was located within the FOXK2 gene. SNP chip analysis suggested that the rearrangement occurred during paternal meiosis involving both paternal chromosomes 17. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Familial ebstein anomaly, left ventricular hypertrabeculation, and ventricular septal defect associated with a MYH7 mutation
Authors: Bettinelli Audra L. , Mulder Theodorus J. , Funke Birgit H. , Lafferty Katherine A. , Longo Sherri A. , Niyazov Dmitriy M.
Published: August 2013

Ebstein anomaly is a rare congenital heart defect that most often occurs sporadically within a kindred. Familial cases, although reported, are uncommon. At this time, the genetic etiology of Ebstein anomaly is not fully elucidated. Here, we describe clinical and molecular investigations of a rare case of familial Ebstein anomaly in association with a likely pathogenic mutation of the MYH7 gene. The severity of presentation varies, and Ebstein anomaly can be observed in association with such other heart defects as ventricular septal defect and left ventricular (LV) hypertrabeculation, as seen in our family of study. In our family of study, the 31‐year‐old father and four of his children have been diagnosed with Ebstein anomaly. Genetic testing revealed that the father was heterozygous for the Glu1220del variant detected in exon 27 of the MYH7 gene. The MYH7 gene encodes the β‐myosin heavy chain and is expressed in cardiac muscle. DNA sequencing of three of his affected children confirmed that they carried the same variant while the fourth affected child was not available for testing. This is the first report of familial Ebstein anomaly associated with the Glu1220del mutation of the MYH7 gene. The mutation segregates with disease in a family with autosomal dominant transmission of congenital heart defects including Ebstein anomaly and other associated cardiovascular defects including LV hypertrabeculation and ventricular septal defect. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dementia and mild cognitive impairment in adults with intellectual disability: Issues of diagnosis
Authors: Krinsky‐McHale Sharon J. , Silverman Wayne
Published: August 2013

Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) are now living longer with the majority of individuals reaching middle and even “old age.” As a consequence of this extended longevity they are vulnerable to the same age‐associated health problems as elderly adults in the general population without ID. This includes dementia, a general term referring to a variety of diseases and conditions causing substantial loss of cognitive ability and functional declines; adults with Down syndrome are at especially high risk. A great deal of recent effort has focused on the very earliest detectable indicators of decline (and even prodromal stages of dementia‐causing diseases). A condition called mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has been conceptually defined as a decline in functioning that is more severe than expected with typical brain aging but not severe enough to meet criteria for a diagnosis of dementia. Consensus criteria for both dementia and MCI have been developed for typically developing adults but are of limited applicability for adults with ID, given their pre‐existing cognitive impairments. Early diagnosis will continue to be of growing importance, both to support symptomatic treatment and to prevent irreversible neuropathology when interventions are developed to slow or halt the progression of underlying disease. While the intellectual and developmental disabilities field has for some time recognized the need to develop best‐practices for the diagnosis of MCI and dementia, there remains a pressing need for empirically based assessment methods and classification criteria. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2013;18:31–42.
Electrode Reactions of Elemental (White) Phosphorus and Phosphane PH3
Authors: Yakhvarov Dmitry G. , Gorbachuk Elena V. , Sinyashin Oleg G.
Published: August 2013

Electrochemical methods have become important from the viewpoint of the development and creation of new ecologically safe and resource‐saving chemical processes. The use of electrons as a “universal” and “inexhaustible” reagent for chemical reactions is the main advantage of electrochemical tools. Although electrochemical processes have been already successfully applied in the preparation of different classes of practically important chemical compounds, a very limited number of industrially applicable electrochemical processes that involve elemental (white) phosphorus is currently known, except for some examples of the electrochemical production of phosphane PH3. These are mainly associated with the investigation of bulk reactions of the electrochemically activated P4molecule and phosphorus intermediates derived therefrom; very limited attention has been paid to the electrode surface reactions as a key stage of the electrochemical process. In this Microreview we describe the electrode reactions of elemental (white) phosphorus and phosphane that accompany the electrochemical process of the preparation of some phosphorus compounds starting directly from P4. The important role of the nature of the electrode material, the reactivity of the formed phosphorus intermediates and the surface processes are discussed. Moreover, recently, we succeeded in discovering a new, previously unstable phosphorus compound, phosphane oxide H3PO, which can be easily produced using an electrochemical method by mild anodic oxidation of phosphane PH3electrochemically formed from P4. In this respect, some attention has been paid to the electrochemically induced processes of PH3oxidation that result in the selective formation of phosphane oxide, which is of high interest from the viewpoint of the investigation of its properties and reactivity.
Reciprocal Imitation Following Adult Imitation by Children with Autism
Authors: Field Tiffany , Ezell Shauna , Nadel Jacqueline , Grace Ava , Allender Susan , Siddalingappa Vijaya
Published: August 2013

This study examined the effects of adult imitation and adult playfulness on the imitation, social attention and initiation of new behaviours by non‐verbal preschoolers with autism. Videotapes taken from a previous study were recoded for the adult's imitation and playful behaviour and the children's imitation, social attention (looking at the adult's actions) and initiation of new behaviours. In the original study, twenty non‐verbal, 4‐ to 6‐year‐old children with autism were randomly assigned to an imitation or a contingent responsivity group. Both groups of children engaged in an intervention phase (during which the adult imitated the children or contingently responded to them) and a subsequent spontaneous play phase (during which the adult interacted spontaneously with the children). ANOVA for the current study revealed that the imitation group children versus the contingent responsivity group children spent a greater percent time showing social attention and initiating new behaviours during the intervention phase and showing social attention and imitating the adult's behaviours during the subsequent spontaneous play phase. A correlation analysis yielded significant correlations between the percent time the adult imitated the child during the intervention phase and the percent time the child showed social attention during the same intervention phase and imitating the adult during the subsequent spontaneous play phase. Adult imitation and playfulness during the spontaneous play phase were also correlated with the children's social attention during that phase. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.