bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN EKSTRAK DAUN KENTANG MANIS DENGAN PRODUKSI ASI DI KLINIK SITI HAJAR MEDAN
Authors: Paninsari Debora , Angelina Clarita , Rozalina Viona , Patimah
Published: May 2021

Breast milk (breast milk) is an emulsion of fat contained in a solution of protein, lactose, and organic salts which will be secreted by both breast glands as the main source of food for the baby. Increasing milk is very necessary for mothers by consuming foods such as: sweet potato leaves, the content contained in sweet potato leaves is low in fat and cholesterol etc. Sweet potato leaves can increase milk production because sweet potato leaves contain lactagogum. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not there was a relationship between consuming sweet potato leaf extract and an increase in breast milk production at the SitiHajar Medan clinic, Marelan. Methods: pre = post test. This study measured the mother's milk before and after being given sweet potato leaves from January 2021 to February 2021. Samples were taken at the SitiHajar Medan clinic with a total of 50 samples, with the inclusive criteria being mothers who gave birth normally and healthy babies. Univariate analysis was carried out to describe the variables with the results of 46% as many as 23 (people) intervention of mother's milk production increased after consuming sweet potato leaves compared to before consuming with a result of 4% as many as 2 (people). Bivarate analyst to determine the relationship between independent and variables using the Wilcoxon test, based on the results of the Wilcoxon test, the p-value is 0.000 (<0.05). and In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between consuming sweet potato leaves and increasing breast milk production.
Nazar Menurut Pandangan Alkitab dan Relevansinya bagi GMIT Jemaat Luz Fatukoa
Authors: Bana Gregorius , Ruku Welfrid Fini
Published: May 2021

Kotak Nazar di GMIT bukan merupakan sesuatu yang asing di kalangan jemaat. Kotak itu ditempatkan di depan bersama dengan persembahan lainnya. Persembahan nazar belum sepenuhnya dipahami oleh GMIT Jemaat Luz Fatukoa. Padahal nazar adalah janji yang diucapkan oleh seseorang kepada Tuhan dengan sungguh-sungguh yang harus ditepati. Nazar telah menjadi tradisi yang terus menerus diwariskan dari orang tua kepada anak dan seterusnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan pandangan Alkitab tentang Nazar. Peneliti ingin mengetahui pandangan jemaat GMIT Luz Fatukoa mengenai nazar. Relevansi dari pandangan Alkitab dan,pandangan Jemaat tentang nazar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif. Penyelidikan ini dilakukan melihat fakta yang terjadi di lapangan. Hasil penelitian Jemaat Luz Fatukoa lebih banyak memahami nazar sebagai ucapan syukur dan sedikit jemaat yang memahami nazar sebagai janji kepada Tuhan. Pandangan ini belum sesuai dengan Alkitab karena dalam Alkitab, nazar adalah ucapan yang keluar dari bibir dan harus dilakukan dengan setia. Nazar melibatkan janji manusia dengan Allah yang tidak dapat diingkari.
BOLLETTINO DELLE ATTIVITÀ DEL MUSEO DEL VICINO ORIENTE, EGITTO E MEDITERRANEO DELLA SAPIENZA,ANNO 2015
Authors: Montanari Daria
Published: May 2021

During its first year of life, the Museum of Near East, Egypt and Mediterranean has launched various activities such as seminars, conferences, concerts, in order to make the museum as a space for reflection and knowledge of the ancient cultures of the Near East, Egypt and the Mediterranean.
A New Model for the Genesis of Carboniferous Mn Ores, Longtou Deposit, South China Block
Authors: Chen Fangge , Pufahl Peir K. , Wang Qingfei , Matheson Edward J. , Shabaga Brandi M. , Zhang Qizuan , Zeng Yushan , Le Xingwen , Ruan Di , Zhao Yuting
Published: May 2021

The lower Carboniferous Luzhai and Baping Formations (ca. 359 Ma) of the South China block, Guangxi Province, comprise an ca. 170-m-thick clastic-carbonate succession capped by Mn ore horizons near the town of Longtou. Excellent exposure of the stratigraphic succession provides an unparalleled opportunity to investigate the origin of carbonate-hosted Mn deposits, which are generally understudied. Lithofacies associations suggest inner and middle shelf clastic rocks accumulated with deposition of carbonates on a mesotrophic middle to outer shelf. In the Longtou region, carbonate deposition during marine transgression culminated with the precipitation of high-grade Mn deposits during maximum flooding. Mn ore horizons are composed of amalgamated alabandite-bearing rhodochrosite, Mn calcite, and braunite laminae. Mn carbonates have been largely interpreted as forming in oxic water columns via reduction of Mn oxides by organic matter. However, paragenetic relationships and δ13C values (similar to those of seawater) indicate the Mn carbonates of Longtou were formed during authigenesis by the emplacement of anoxic, Mn-rich water masses on the distal to middle shelf. Such anoxia is interpreted to have shut down the carbonate factory and diminished sedimentation, a prerequisite for the concentration and precipitation of Mn carbonates in pore water. This research supports the notion that areas of the Paleozoic deep ocean were persistently anoxic and periodically tapped by coastal upwelling to produce Mn- and Fe-rich deposits. Application of this emerging ore deposit model to other economically important carbonate-hosted Mn deposits may improve resource exploration.
Migration of liquid silicone, an emerging contraindication of neuraxial anesthesia
Authors: Amaya-Zúñiga William F. , Mojica-Manrique Viviana , Santos-Gutiérrez Iván , Alfonso-Jaimes Julia
Published: May 2021

The illegal use of liquid silicone products or biopolymers in gluteal augmentation procedures is giving rise to multiple complications, with a significant negative health impact, both in the short and long-term. The migration of polymers to the sacral and lumbar region represents a major limitation to conducting neuraxial anesthesia procedures. This silicon migration is unpredictable through the superficial tissue as is widely described in the literature. Caudal, spinal and epidural anesthesia may cross the silicone in the fascia and contaminate the neural axis with substances that are highly capable of causing inflammation, edema and tissue necrosis. In order to improve the safety of neuraxial anesthetic procedures and avoid the potential risk of dissemination and contamination of the neural axis, this complication must be ruled out, or be considered an emerging contraindication for these anesthetic procedures.
Influence of hydrogel encapsulation during cryopreservation of ovarian tissues and impact of post-thawing in vitro culture systems in a research animal model
Authors: Thuwanut Paweena , Comizzoli Pierre , Pimpin Alongkorn , Srituravanich Weerayut , Sereepapong Wisan , Pruksananonda Kamthorn , Taweepolcharoen Charoen , Tuntiviriyapun Punkavee , Suebthawinkul Chanakarn , Sirayapiwat Porntip
Published: May 2021

Objective: Using domestic cats as a biomedical research model for fertility preservation, the present study aimed to characterize the influences of ovarian tissue encapsulation in biodegradable hydrogel matrix (fibrinogen/thrombin) on resilience to cryopreservation, and static versus non-static culture systems following ovarian tissue encapsulation and cryopreservation on follicle quality.Methods: In experiment I, ovarian tissues (n=21 animals; 567 ovarian fragments) were assigned to controls or hydrogel encapsulation with 5 or 10 mg/mL fibrinogen (5 or 10 FG). Following cryopreservation (slow freezing or vitrification), follicle viability, morphology, density, and key protein phosphorylation were assessed. In experiment II (based on the findings from experiment I), ovarian tissues (n=10 animals; 270 ovarian fragments) were encapsulated with 10 FG, cryopreserved, and in vitro cultured under static or non-static systems for 7 days followed by similar follicle quality assessments. Results: In experiment I, the combination of 10 FG encapsulation/slow freezing led to greater post-thawed follicle quality than in the control group, as shown by follicle viability (66.9%±2.2% vs. 61.5%±3.1%), normal follicle morphology (62.2%±2.1% vs. 55.2%±3.5%), and the relative band intensity of vascular endothelial growth factor protein phosphorylation (0.58±0.06 vs. 0.42±0.09). Experiment II demonstrated that hydrogel encapsulation promoted follicle survival and maintenance of follicle development regardless of the culture system when compared to fresh controls.Conclusion: These results provide a better understanding of the role of hydrogel encapsulation and culture systems in ovarian tissue cryopreservation and follicle quality outcomes using an animal model, paving the way for optimized approaches to human fertility preservation.
Hepatic Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma: A Review of Three Liver Transplant Recipients
Authors: Shaker Ghazaleh , Azmoudeh-Ardalan Farid , Jafarian Ali , Ayoobi Yazdi Niloofar , Safaei Masoomeh
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (HEHE) is a discrete vascular tumor with an unpredictable natural course. This rare tumor is commonly found incidentally and not too often is mistaken radiologically and histologically for another tumor. No single treatment strategy has yet been established for it, partly due to its variable clinical course, ranging from an indolent tumor with prolonged survival to an aggressive, fatal disease. Case Presentation: Among 1,029 liver transplantation cases performed at our hospital between January 2001 and November 2019, three were done for HEHE. In this study, we present these three cases and review their clinical and histopathologic characteristics. Conclusions: Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) of the liver is a low-grade malignant tumor with different presentations, treatment strategies, and outcomes. The histopathologic characteristics of HEHE can hide its vascular nature, thus leading to its confusion with other lesions. This tumor is unique in that its clinical and histopathologic features do not always correlate with its biologic behavior. There are no reliable criteria in predicting the clinical outcome of HEHE, which needs further research.
The Smicridea (Smicridea) fasciatella species group (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in Brazil: six new species and new distributional records
Authors: Desiderio Gleison Robson , Pes Ana Maria , Andrade-Souza Vanderly , Hamada Neusa
Published: May 2021

The Smicridea (Smicridea) fasciatella species group occurs from the southwestern USA, throughout Central America, the Greater Antilles islands, and most of South America, except for the Chilean subregion. It is characterized by the phallic apparatus being a simple tube with eversible internal sclerites at the apex. The fasciatella group is composed of 61 species, of which only 11 occur in Brazil, mainly in the Atlantic Forest biome in the southeastern region. In order to reduce the Linnean and Wallacean shortfalls for the Smicridea Brazilian fauna, we diagnose, describe, and illustrate males of six new species in the fasciatella group: Smicridea (Smicridea) blahniki Desiderio, Pes & Hamada sp. nov., S. (Smicridea) brevitruncata Desiderio, Pes & Hamada sp. nov., S. (Smicridea) caaguara Desiderio, Pes & Hamada sp. nov., S. (Smicridea) ipiranga Desiderio, Pes & Hamada sp. nov., S. (Smicridea) jeaneae Desiderio, Pes & Hamada sp. nov., and S. (Smicridea) polyacantha Desiderio, Pes &; Hamada sp. nov. Additionally, we provide distributional data for S. (Smicridea) albosignata Ulmer, 1907, S. (Smicridea) bivittata (Hagen, 1861), S. (Smicridea) erecta Flint, 1974, S. (Smicridea) obliqua Flint, 1974, S. (Smicridea) paranensis Flint, 1983, and S. (Smicridea) sattleri Denning & Sykora, 1968. The number of S. (Smicridea) species in Brazil increases from 21 to 27 and Smicridea is recorded from the states of Acre, Amapá, and Sergipe for the first time.
Understanding R&D in the arts, humanities and social sciences
Authors: Bakhshi Hasan , Breckon Jonathan , Puttick Ruth
Published: May 2021

Despite much discussion and debate, research and development (R&D) is still often considered as the domain of hard science and technology. Furthermore, it is not commonly known by industry and policymakers that the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development�s (OECD) Frascati Manual � the internationally accepted methodology for collecting and reporting data on R&D � formally recognises the arts, humanities and social sciences (AHSS) in R&D. The UK collects data on R&D using the Frascati Manual definition. However, arguably, what matters for the UK is how R&D is defined for policy purposes. For example, the UK tax authorities choose to explicitly exclude AHSS R&D from their definitions for the purpose of tax relief. This paper explores the role of AHSS R&D in UK business. Drawing upon a review of the policy literature and interviews with 13 businesses that undertake AHSS research, and an additional 14 interviews with policymakers and other stakeholders, the paper presents recommendations for government, funders and business, and it concludes that more inclusive definitions and data are important for evidence-informed policy. Without the right definitions and tools to measure it and effective policies in place to support it, the Government risks ignoring the full value of R&D in the UK economy, and missing out on incentivising investment in innovation in AHSS-related sectors and activities.
EDITORES DE SUPLEMENTOS CULTURAIS E A INTELECTUALIDADE: SELEÇÃO, LEGITIMAÇÃO E CLASSIFICAÇÃO NA PRODUÇÃO DO CADERNO DE SÁBADO DO CORREIO DO POVO (PORTO ALEGRE, 1967-1981)
Authors: Cardoso Everton
Published: May 2021

O Caderno de Sábado do Correio do Povo se constituiu como referência histórica entre os suplementos culturais brasileiros entre 1967 e 1981 ao abrir espaço para a circulação de ideias de intelectuais e para a construção de suas carreiras e posições. Este trabalho busca, a partir de dados categorizados na coleção por meio de Análise de Conteúdo, discutir o papel e a atividade dos editores do encarte, P. F. Gastal e Osvaldo Goidanich, protagonistas nessas dinâmicas. Com capital simbólico angariado por suas atuações no jornalismo e no campo da produção cultural, conseguiram tornar o suplemento ponto de confluência de trajetórias de indivíduos de perfis diversos e organizar uma rede que permite entrever agentes e instituições relevantes da cena local no período. Além disso, operaram um processo de estratificação cujos indícios estão contidos em recursos editoriais aplicados na montagem das edições.
ENTRE O FIM DO MUNDO E O AMANHÃ: IMAGINAÇÃO POLÍTICA ANTAGONISTA NO MERCADO EDITORIAL BRASILEIRO APÓS 2018
Authors: Falcão Carolina
Published: May 2021

Neste trabalho desenvolvo e apresento a ideia de imaginação política antagonista, um fenômeno político editorial, marcado por um esforço duplo: a elaboração crítica da atual conjuntura brasileira após as eleições presidenciais de 2018 e a concepção de formas de resistência nesse contexto. Para isso, levo em consideração, entre os títulos publicados no Brasil em 2019, as obras de Ailton Krenak e Rosana Pinheiro Machado, “Ideias para adiar o fim do mundo” e “Amanhã vai ser maior”, respectivamente. Argumento que as concepções de “fim do mundo” e “amanhã maior” trazidas nos títulos revelam como essa imaginação é produto também de um trabalho articulador do antagonismo político, a partir das proposições de Ernesto Laclau e Chantal Mouffe.
O FILME NO CAMPO EDITORIAL: THE WORDS, 2012, DE B. KLUGMAN E L. STERNTHAL
Authors: Barcelos Marília De Araujo
Published: May 2021

A proposta deste artigo é a de perceber a presença dos elementos pertinentes ao campo editorial no filme intitulado As palavras. A narrativa discorre sobre a história de três escritores e o plágio de um texto que leva à consagração o autor errado . O referencial teórico conta com postulados de Pierre Bourdieu e John B. Thompson e Roger Chartier. O resultado é uma análise que pontua os agentes formadores do campo, na cadeia de valor: do autor ao leitor, passando por etapas da produção editorial na qual se enquadram a divulgação e o marketing. O propósito no fim das contas, não se consiste em plágio ou não, mas no quanto um original datilografado, engavetado, ou sem se fazer circular e alcançar seu público, prescinde de ser publicado para pertencer ao campo editorial
The Delft Systematic Yacht Hull (Series II) Experiments
Authors: Onnink R. , Gerritsma J. , Keuning J. A.
Published: May 2021

The Delft systematic Yacht Hull Series (series I) has been extended with six hull forms which cover a range of medium to very light displacements. Upright and heeled resistance, as well as side force and stability have been measured for a large range of forward speeds.

Polynomial expressions for the upright resistance, based on the combined Series I and II, are given for Froude numbers up to Fn = 0.60.

The measured side force and induced resistance are analysed, and velocity predictions using Series I and II results are discussed.
A Numerical Approach to the Design of Sailing Yacht Masts
Authors: Boote Dario , Caponetto Mario
Published: May 2021

In this paper a complete procedure for the design of sailing yacht rigs is presented. The procedure starts from the definition of the load model and the determination of the aerodynamic forces developed by sails and continues with the stress analysis of the rig in the non-linear domain. For the correct calculation of the sail forces a program has been realised by the authors on the basis of the lifting surface theory. For stress analysis, another dedicated program has been developed starting from a multipurpose finite element code operating in the non-linear domain, A peculiar characteristic of this procedure is that it can be run on a personal computer.
Model Test Techniques Developed to Investigate the Wind Heeling Characteristics of Sailing Vessels and Their Response to Gusts
Authors: Deakin Barry
Published: May 2021

During the development of new stability regulations for the U.K. Department of Transport, doubt was cast over many of the assumptions made when assessing the stability of sailing vessels. In order to investigate the traditional methods a programme of work was undertaken including wind tunnel tests and full scale data acquisition. The work resulted in a much improved understanding of the behaviour of sailing vessels and indeed indicated that the conventional methods of stability assessment are invalid, the rules now applied in the U.K. being very different to those in use elsewhere.

The paper concentrates on the model test techniques which were developed specifically for this project but which will have implications to other vessel types. The tests were of two kinds: measurement of the wind forces and moments on a sailing vessel; and investigation of the response of sailing vessels to gusts of wind.

For the force and moment measurements models were mounted in a tank of water on a six component balance and tested in a large boundary layer wind tunnel. Previous tests in wind tunnels have always concentrated on performance and the heeling moments have not normally been measured correctly. As the measurements of heeling moment at a range of heel angles was of prime importance a new balance and mounting system was developed which enabled the above water part of the vessel to be modelled correctly, the underwater part to be unaffected by the wind, and the interface to be correctly represented without interference. Various effects were investigated including rig type, sheeting, heading, heel angle and wind gradient.

The gust response tests were conducted with Froude scaled models floating in a pond set in the wind tunnel floor. A mechanism was installed in the tunnel which enabled gusts of various characteristics to be generated, and the roll response of the models was measured with a gyroscope. These tests provided information on the effects of inertia, damping, rolling and the characteristics of the gust.

Sample results are presented to illustrate the uses to which these techniques have been put.
The Nigerian Diaspora’s Contributions to the Development of Higher Education
Authors: Wapmuk Sharkdam
Published: May 2021

While engagement with the Nigerian diaspora has focused on attractinginvestment and remittances, recently, attention has also shifted to its contributionto the development of higher education. The descriptive andqualitative study on which this article is based drew on secondary datathat was analysed through content analysis. The findings revealed that acombination of factors motivated Nigerians, including intellectuals, toemigrate, particularly in the 1980s and 1990s. This compounded existingproblems in Nigeria’s higher education sector. Since 1999, successive governmentshave engaged the diaspora in national development, includinghigher education. The study found that through the Linkages with Expertsand Academics in the Diaspora Scheme, the United Nations DevelopmentProgramme’s Transfer of Knowledge Through Expatriate Nationals, andthe World Bank assisted Nelson Mandela Institution, known as the AfricanUniversity of Science and Technology, as well as alumni associations inthe diaspora, Nigerian diaspora academics have been returning home totransfer knowledge in universities. Other contributions include projects,donations, and programmes. However, several challenges constrain thetapping of their full potential. The article recommends that the Nigeriangovernment should create an enabling environment, ensure clarity ofexpectations, provide adequate funding and adopt long-term approaches toengage with the Nigerian academic diaspora.

Key Words: Nigerian diaspora, higher education, brain-drain, brain-gain,knowledge transfer
Molecular docking analysis of flupenthixol and desmethylastemizole with the apoptotic regulator proteins CFLAR and TRAF2 linked to lung carcinoma
Authors:   Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar-788011, India, Das Subrata
Published: May 2021

It is known that molecular changes in apoptotic genes due to mutation may cause disruption of apoptotic pathway resulting in an abrupt increase in cell proliferation. Therefore, it is of interest to identify compounds that could potentially replenish the changes in the apoptotic pathway, resulted from mutation. The gene network analysis using the Network Analyzer Plugin of Cytoscape (3.5.1) shows CFLAR and TRAF2 as influential genes in the apoptotic pathway. Mutation in these genes brings loss in apoptotic property of a cell and thus increases the cell proliferating activity. Thus, data on the molecular docking analysis of four natural compounds from Ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers with the two target proteins were reported. Flupenthixol and desmethylastemizole was found to be two efficient ligand molecules based on ligand-target interaction. In stereochemical quality assessment, the Ramachandran plot analysis of receptors indicates the better stereochemical characteristics for receptor-ligand interaction.
CIBERSECURITY ON INTERNET OF ROBOTICS THINGS: EXPERIMENTAL PLATFORM
Authors: FLORES MONTAÑO LUIS ALBERTO , HERRERA LOZADA JUAN CARLOS , SANDOVAL GUTIERREZ JACOBO , VAZQUEZ LOPEZ RODRIGO , MARTINEZ VAZQUEZ DANIEL LIBRADO
Published: May 2021

The Internet of Robotic Things (IoRT) is a technology that looks for monitoring, operating, and maintaining the tasks of multiple robots through the cloud. However, using these robots in cyberspace has a risk and an inherent problem in cybersecurity. To analyze the implications of this technology, the objective was to design, operate and submit an IoRT system with the default configuration. The proposed methodology consisted of designing an IoRT architecture; implement three robotic platforms linked to the cloud, applying a sniffing and spoofing cyberattacks, assess the impacts, and propose solutions. The experiment used three prototypes: two servo motors, a 6-degree-of-freedom arm, and a workstation with a robot. Additionally, the tools of the experiment were a conventional computer, a Raspberry Pi microcomputer, the Robotic Operative System middleware, the Kali Linux distribution, and the ThingSpeak cloud service. The contributions of the work were three, first it was proven that four types of links are sufficient to homologate, and ensure the integrity, reliability, and availability in the operation of different types of robots. Also, it was possible the connection of these robots even though they are not designed to work on the internet through a slave-robot node link. Finally, a real list of the consequences was obtained, given the vulnerabilities and the attacks tested, as well as some recommendations.Keywords: Cybersecurity, IoRT, Industry 4.0., Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures, Cloud, ROS.
Parenting Attitudes Profiles as Perceived by Adolescents: The Influence of Parents’ Life Satisfaction and Self-Esteem and Academic Engagement and Academic Helplessness of the Adolescents Associated with the Profiles
Authors: Ki Ppudah
Published: May 2021

The study set out to identify the number of types of parental attitude profiles and their characteristics, as perceived by adolescents. The study also examined whether predictor variables (parent life satisfaction and self-esteem) influence parenting attitude profiles and whether these profiles, in turn, influence adolescent academic engagement and academic helplessness. The sample consisted of data on 2,590 adolescents and their parents from the 2018 Korean Children and Youths Panel Survey (KCYPS). The adolescents were in the first grade of middle school. Using Mplus, the author applied latent profile analysis to identify the parenting attitude profiles and predictor and outcome variables associated with these profiles. Three profiles were identified based on major features: (1) coercion-inconsistency (8.3%), (2) general (47.3%), and (3) warmth-autonomy support (44.4%). Parent life satisfaction and self-esteem predicted the classification of the profiles. Also, the parental profiles identified the level of adolescent academic engagement and academic helplessness. The findings have important implications for family policies and practices given the significance of parent psychological status, particularly life satisfaction and self-esteem, on their adolescent children’s academic engagement and academic helplessness.
Effect of earth curvature on long range sound propagation
Authors: Bi Si-Zhao , Peng Zhao-Hui ,   State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China,   School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Published: May 2021

Since the earth is approximately a sphere, the sound speed equivalent surface on the range-depth plane is not a parallel plane, but a concentric sphere at a long distance. Therefore, for a long-range sound propagation, the effect of the curvature of the earth cannot be ignored. In this paper, conformal mapping is used to propose a method of earth curvature correction without changing the existing sound field calculation model, and has the characteristics of good portability and simple calculation. The simulation results in a typical environment show that because of the earth curvature, the location of the convergence zone moves toward the sound source, and its movement can reach 10 km at 1000 km in distance. Before and after the earth curvature correction, the transmission loss difference can reach up to 15 dB at a particular location. Through the analysis of the simulation results in four typical sound speed profiles in Northwest Pacific Ocean, it is found that the movement of the convergence zone and the distance change are approximately linear, and the movement of the convergence zone increases by about 1km for every increase of the propagation distance by 100 km. For deep-sea channel propagation, the earth curvature will cause the arrival structure to move forward as a whole on the time axis, and the degree of the forward motion will gradually increase with the distance increasing. At 1000 km, the amplitude of the forward motion can reach 136 ms. In addition, the earth curvature will also cause the depth and time extension of the arrival structure. For the received time-domain waveform at a certain depth, there is a big difference between before and after the earth curvature correction. The modified results from different earth approximation models show that the accuracy of the calculation can be satisfied by approximating the earth as a standard sphere.
A user task design notation for improved software design
Authors: Ozcan Eda , Topalli Damla , Tokdemir Gul , Cagiltay Nergiz Ercil
Published: May 2021

System design is recognized as one of the most critical components of a software system that bridges system requirements and coding. System design also has a significant impact on testing and maintenance activities, and on further improvements during the lifespan of the software system. Software design should reflect all necessary components of the requirements in a clear and understandable manner by all stakeholders of the software system. To distinguish system elements, separation of concerns in software design is suggested. In this respect, identification of the user tasks, i.e., the tasks that need to be performed by the user, is not currently reflected explicitly in system design documents. Our main assumption in this study is that software quality can be improved significantly by clearly identifying the user tasks from those that need to be performed by the computer system itself. Additionally, what we propose has the potential to better reflect the user requirements and main objectives of the system on the software design and thereby to improve software quality. The main aim of this study is to introduce a novel notation for software developers in the frame of UML Activity Diagram (UML-AD) that enables designers to identify the user tasks and define them separately from the system tasks. For this purpose, an extension of UML-AD, named UML-ADE (UML-Activity Diagram Extended) was proposed. Afterwards, it was implemented in a serious game case for which the specification of user tasks is extremely important. Finally, its effectiveness was analyzed and compared to UML-AD experimentally with 72 participants. The defect detection performance of the participants on both diagrams with two real-life serious game scenarios was evaluated. Results show a higher level of understandability for those using UML-ADE, which in turn may indicate a better design and higher software quality. The results encourage researchers to develop specific design representations dedicated to task design to improve system quality and to conduct further evaluations of the impact of these design on each of the above mentioned potential benefits for the software systems.
Vegetable Breeding Strategies
Authors: Ghuge Mahesh B. , Mirza Anis
Published: May 2021

Variation present in vegetables provides plentiful of opportunity for development of breeding lines and hybrids. Germplasm development depends on incorporation of approaches such as MAGIC population, use of wild relatives, genetic transformation for transferring resistance gene and gene pyramiding. These approaches are most reliable to improve qualitative as well as quantitative characters. Since conventional methods are time consuming, molecular techniques are also utilized at appropriate stages to enhance swiftness of line development. Molecular approaches includes many tools but marker assisted selection is best to use in vegetable breeding programme. It helps to rapid back cross breeding also selection of resistance or qualitative lines from segregating populations. Double haploid is one of finest methods to create diverse pure lines in short interval. There are many ways to incorporate diverse gene in single line through double haploid technology. Hybridization mating such as line x tester or diallel are common methods instead combination breeding method is very result oriented as compared with others. The success rate of specific combination breeding is as much as double as associated with other ones.
Trends in Agricultural Trade of Asia Pacific Region
Authors: Soumya P. , Yeledhalli R. A.
Published: May 2021

The present study was carried out to assess the growth rate in agricultural exports and imports of Asia Pacific region. Data for a period of 27 years i.e., from 1992 to 2018 is considered for analysis. The agricultural exports from Asia Pacific region and the world showed positive and significant annual growth rate of 7.90 per cent and 7.09 per cent, respectively. And also, there is increasing trend in import of agricultural commodities to Asia Pacific region (7.29%) and world (6.94%). In case of Asia Pacific agricultural exports as well as imports, the share of Animal and Fibre products decreased whereas share of Vegetable and Food products increased gradually over the study period. The growth rate of Vegetable products is 9.33 and 9.29% in case of exports and imports, respectively. The growth rate of both agricultural exports and imports is increasing for entire Asia Pacific region due to increasing share of Vegetable products. To maintain the increasing trend there is a need to focus on liberalizing logistics, facilitating adoption of modern information and communication technologies promoting competition among service providers and improving access to credit and trade finance.
Screening of Ricebean (Vigna umbellata (Thumb.) Ohwi and Ohashi) Accessions at Early Seedling Stage for NaCl Tolerance under Controlled Condition
Authors: Nandeshwar B. C. , De D. K.
Published: May 2021

More salt reduces the growth and causes leaf damage, necrosis, and eventually subjected to death of the crop. Ricebean, belonging to family Fabaceae is a fast growing summer legume crop can produce high green fodder with high content of protein, calcium, phosphorous, tryptophan and also starch content. Approximately, 21.5 million hectares of cultivatable land in Asia are affected due to salinity. An experiment was set up in Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) along with three replications in a growth room of the Department of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India to study the potentiality of Ricebean to withstand against imposed salinity. Data were collected on different seedling growth parameters for screening of available 30 Ricebean genotypes at a 120 mM NaCl salinity level which was identified as standardize salt concentration for screening Ricebean genotypes after standardizing the protocol. Six genotypes viz., KRB-77 (81.58 and 0.41), KRB-273 (79.97 and 0.44) KRB-81 (79.63 and 0.44), KRB-10 (79.17 and 0.60), KRB-95 (76.48 and 0.51) and KRB-271 (71.31 and 0.54) were exhibiting more tolerance to imposed salinity level while genotypes viz., KRB-44 (19.48 and 1.73), KRB-66 (21.38 and 1.69), KRB-115 (22.25 and 1.26) KRB-56 (32.00 and 1.45) and KRB-211 (29.07 and 1.42) KRB-73 (33.10 and 1.43) were identified as susceptible to salinity, based on the study emphasized on germination percentage, relative reduction of dry weights, tolerance index (TI) and salinity susceptibility index (SSI) of different seedling traits.
Comparative Study of the Effect of Five Drying Methods on Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant Potential and Organoleptic Properties of Zingiber officinale (Ginger) Rhizome
Authors: Tientcheu Yves M. T. , Dibacto Ruth E. K. , Edoun Ferdinand L. E. , Matueno Elsa F. K. , Tchuenchieu Alex D. K. , Germaine Yadang , Medoua Gabriel N.
Published: May 2021

Aims: Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the most popular and widely used spice, known for its health benefits. This study aimed at assessing the potential impact of a Handcrafted dryer (HCD) on the quality of ginger in comparison to the most common drying methods.

Methodology: Fresh ginger originating from 2 regions were dried using the following techniques: HCD; Air Drying (AD); Ventilator Oven (VO) at 50°C, 60°C and 80°C; Freeze Drying (FD) and Microwave drying (MD) at 700 and 900 W) methods. Dried products were ground and infused in hot water and the total flavonoid contents, and antioxidant potential through different mechanisms (DPPH radical, FRAP and TAC assays) as well as the sensory properties of the infusions were assessed.

Results: TFC of the samples significantly varied with regard to the origin of the Ginger. Infusions deriving from the dried ginger from HCD and VO at 80°C exhibited the highest TPC, TFC and antioxidant activities. While the rise of temperature with VO led to an increase of TPC, it was rather a decrease that was observed with the rise of microwave power level but which did not have a significative effect on the antioxidant potential. No significant difference was noticed in the acceptance of infusions by consumers except MD samples, which received the lowest score by panelists.

Conclusion: Heat-based processes appears to be useful in the optimization of the nutritional value of dried ginger, and HCD appropriate for farmers as it is easy and not expensive to put into practice.
Awareness, Ownership and Utilization of Insecticide Treated Nets against Malaria Vectors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinics in Awka Metropolis, Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Onyebueke Anthony Chibuike , Umeobieri Ancilla Kate , Irikannu Kindness Chidi
Published: May 2021

Aim: To determine the level, sources of awareness, ownership and utilization of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) by pregnant women, according to age, parity, trimester, occupation and hospital attended.

Study Design: The study was a cross sectional survey of 577 randomly selected pregnant women who were attending antenatal clinic in different hospitals in Awka Metropolis, Anambra State, Nigeria.

Duration of Study: The study was conducted in February 2016.

Materials and Methods: A semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain information from the study participants.

Results: Of a total of 577 respondents, 566(98.1%) had previous knowledge of ITNs while only 11(1.9%) had no prior knowledge. Also, 218(38.5%) had heard about ITNs from Radio, 184(32.5%) from Television, while 374(66.1%) from Antenatal clinics. A total of 217(46.2%) obtained at least one net at antenatal clinic, 39(8.3%) purchased at least one of the ITNs owned, 49(10.4%) received the net at their Local Government Headquarters while 263(66.9%) received at least one by free distribution at other locations. Respondents from government owned Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital (COOUTH) had the highest ownership rate of 92.7%, while least 65.0% was observed at the privately owned Divine Hospital and Maternity. The ownership of ITNs was dependent on the hospital as there was a significant difference (X2=56.374, df=2, p < .05). Age group 25–34 years had the highest ownership rate of 87.1% while the least 72.8% was in age group 15–24 years. Women in age group 35–44 years had the highest utilization rate of 52.3% while least usage rate was in age group 15-24 years and there was a significant difference (X2=7.042, df=2, p < .05).

Conclusion: Public health educators, Doctors and Antenatal heads need to do more in sensitization on the importance of utilization of ITNs during pregnancy for protection against malaria vectors.
Petrographic Studies of Rocks around Arum and Its Environs, North Central Nigeria
Authors: Iliya M. M. , Ma’aji U. M. , Umar Isah
Published: May 2021

A detailed geological mapping of the area around Arum and environs part of Kurra sheet 189 SW was carried out on the scale of 1: 12, 500. Geologic field mapping and petrographic study (both megascopic and microscopic) were the methodology used. The geologic mapping of the area identified four rock units which are; granite, porphyritic granite, granitic gneiss and Porphyroblastic gneiss. These rock types were distributed such that the granite at the north-eastern part covered about 25%, the north –western portion was occupied by the porphyritic granite which occupied the largest portion of about 30% of the area. The third rock unit is the granitic gneiss which covered only about 20%. The fourth (last) and the oldest rock unit is the Porphyroblastic gneiss covering about 25% of the total area at the south-eastern corner. Megascopic and microscopic study revealed that the rocks in the area comprised of minerals such as; quartz, biotite, muscovite, microcline, feldspar, hornblende, garnet, etc. Structures that were clearly evident in the area included fault, foliation, joints, and veins. Structural analysis showed that their rose diagrams proved a NW-SE, NNE-SSW and NE-SW trends to be dominant.
Effect of Beverages on Release of Paracetamol Tablet by In-vitro Dissolution Method Using Modified Media
Authors: Akshay Baheti , Abhijit Gothoskar , Kanchan Palkar , Manish Wani , Satish Polshettiwar , Amol Tagalpallewar , Ashlesha Pandit
Published: May 2021

Oral route of drug delivery is one of the most preferred route of drug administration. People often consume oral solids, especially OTC drugs, at any time before or after breakfast with water or any other available hot or cold beverages. Crocin is one of the popular OTC brands of paracetamol, which is preferred in large number. Patient consumes this OTC tablet with available beverages which may be hot or cold. However, beverages interact with paracetamol, affecting the release of drug. In view of this, work was focused on study of the effect of various beverages such as coffee, tea, milk, carbonated drink and buttermilk on release of paracetamol (Crocin tablet) tablet using USP type II dissolution apparatus.  Dissolution media used was modified phosphate buffer (pH 5.8) which was further added with beverages and was analyzed by UV spectrophotometrically. Dissolution profile revealed the maximum drug release 97.03 ± 1.29% in plain water was while minimum with tea 23.64 ± 2.00%. In conclusion, beverages consumed while administering with paracetamol tablet affects the release of drug and therefore should be cautiously used or avoided with dosage forms.
Oxidation State Modulation of Bismuth for Efficient Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia
Authors: Wan Yuchi , Zhou Hongjiang , Zheng Muyun , Huang Zheng‐Hong , Kang Feiyu , Li Jia , Lv Ruitao
Published: May 2021

Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is a promising strategy for ammonia (NH3) production under ambient conditions. However, it is severely impeded by the challenging activation of the NN bond and the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which makes it crucial to design electrocatalysts rationally for efficient NRR. Herein, the rational design of bismuth (Bi) nanoparticles with different oxidation states embedded in carbon nanosheets (Bi@C) as efficient NRR electrocatalysts is reported. The NRR performance of Bi@C improves with the increase of Bi0/Bi3+ atomic ratios, indicating that the oxidation state of Bi plays a significant role in electrochemical ammonia synthesis. As a result, the Bi@C nanosheets annealed at 900 °C with the optimal oxidation state of Bi demonstrate the best NRR performance with a high NH3 yield rate and remarkable Faradaic efficiency of 15.10 ± 0.43% at −0.4 V versus RHE. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the effective modulation of the oxidation state of Bi can tune the p‐filling of active Bi sites and strengthen adsorption of *NNH, which boost the potential‐determining step and facilitate the electrocatalytic NRR under ambient conditions. This work may offer valuable insights into the rational material design by modulating oxidation states for efficient electrocatalysis.
Zinc Oxide Nano‐Spicules on Polylactic Acid for Super‐Hydrophilic and Bactericidal Surfaces
Authors: Park Bum Chul , Byun Sang Won , Ju Youngjun , Lee Dae Beom , Shin Ji Beom , Yeon Kyung‐Min , Kim Yu Jin , Sharma Prashant , Cho Nam‐Hyuk , Kim Jungbae , Kim Young Keun
Published: May 2021

The artificial construction of nature‐mimic inorganic–organic heterostructures is an emerging technological interest for protective surface applications. Mimicking the spikiness of sea urchin spicules for their protective function, here, the synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanometer‐scale spicules grown from micrometer‐scale polylactic acid (PLA) beads and fibers as super‐hydrophilic and bactericidal surfaces is reported. The thermodynamic mechanism behind the interfacial assembly of pre‐entrapped ZnO nanoparticles right at the PLA–water interfaces above the glass transition temperature of PLA, allowing for the follow‐up growth of nano‐spicules on the PLA templates is uncovered. This sea urchin‐like topography of ZnO nano‐spicules induces super‐hydrophilicity while generating reactive oxygen species as well as allowing the stabbing action of nano‐spicules. All of the above help enhance the bactericidal activity against both gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria in an unprecedentedly effective way. The findings conceptualize a new strategy to spontaneously assemble nanoparticles at the polymer–liquid interfaces, enabling various heterostructures with topography‐induced functions.
Electrode Materials for Chronic Electrical Microstimulation
Authors: Zheng Xin Sally , Tan Chao , Castagnola Elisa , Cui Xinyan Tracy
Published: May 2021

Electrical microstimulation has enabled partial restoration of vision, hearing, movement, somatosensation, as well as improving organ functions by electrically modulating neural activities. However, chronic microstimulation is faced with numerous challenges. The implantation of an electrode array into the neural tissue triggers an inflammatory response, which can be exacerbated by the delivery of electrical currents. Meanwhile, prolonged stimulation may lead to electrode material degradation., which can be accelerated by the hostile inflammatory environment. Both material degradation and adverse tissue reactions can compromise stimulation performance over time. For stable chronic electrical stimulation, an ideal microelectrode must present 1) high charge injection limit, to efficiently deliver charge without exceeding safety limits for both tissue and electrodes, 2) small size, to gain high spatial selectivity, 3) excellent biocompatibility that ensures tissue health immediately next to the device, and 4) stable in vivo electrochemical properties over the application period. In this review, the challenges in chronic microstimulation are described in detail. To aid material scientists interested in neural stimulation research, the in vitro and in vivo testing methods are introduced for assessing stimulation functionality and longevity and a detailed overview of recent advances in electrode material research and device fabrication for improving chronic microstimulation performance is provided.
Tuning Microbial Activity via Programmatic Alteration of Cell/Substrate Interfaces
Authors: Gulyuk Alexey V. , LaJeunesse Dennis R. , Collazo Ramon , Ivanisevic Albena
Published: May 2021

A wide portfolio of advanced programmable materials and structures has been developed for biological applications in the last two decades. Particularly, due to their unique properties, semiconducting materials have been utilized in areas of biocomputing, implantable electronics, and healthcare. As a new concept of such programmable material design, biointerfaces based on inorganic semiconducting materials as substrates introduce unconventional paths for bioinformatics and biosensing. In particular, understanding how the properties of a substrate can alter microbial biofilm behavior enables researchers to better characterize and thus create programmable biointerfaces with necessary characteristics on demand. Herein, the current status of advanced microorganism–inorganic biointerfaces is summarized along with types of responses that can be observed in such hybrid systems. This work identifies promising inorganic material types along with target microorganisms that will be critical for future research on programmable biointerfacial structures.