bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Much Energy Do E’Athletes Use during Gameplay? Quantifying Energy Expenditure and Heart Rate Variability Within E’Athletes
Authors: Nicholson Mitchell , Poulus Dylan , Robergs Rob , Kelly Vincent , McNulty Craig
Published: April 2024

Background

Research into esports suggests that e’athletes experience physiological stressors and demands during competition and training. The physiological demands of esports are poorly understood and need to be investigated further to inform future training guidelines, optimise performance outcomes, and manage e’athlete wellbeing. This research aimed to quantify the metabolic rate of esports gameplay and compare this outcome with heart rate variability within expert e’athletes.

Results

Thirteen healthy male participants ranked within the top 10% of their respective esports title participated in the study (age = 20.7 ± 2.69 years; BMI = 24.6 ± 5.89 kg·m− 2). Expired gas analysis indirect calorimetry measured gas exchange during rest and gaming. Compared to resting conditions, competitive esports gameplay significantly increased median energy expenditure (1.28 (IQR 1.16–1.49) kcal·min− 1 vs. 1.45 (IQR 1.20–1.77) kcal·min− 1, p = .02), oxygen consumption (0.27 (IQR 0.24–0.30) L·min− 1 vs. 0.29 (IQR 0.24–0.35) L·min− 1, p = .02) and carbon dioxide production (0.20 (IQR 0.19–0.27) L·min− 1vs. 0.27 (IQR 0.24–0.33) L·min− 1, p = .01). Competitive gameplay also resulted in a significant increase in heart rate (84.5 (IQR 74.1–96.1) bpm vs. 87.1 (IQR 80.3–104) bpm, p = .01) and decrease in R-R interval’s (710 (IQR 624–810) ms vs. 689 (IQR 579–747) ms, p = .02) when compared to rest. However, there were no significant differences in time or frequency measures of heart rate variability.

Conclusions

The data reveal increased physiological responses to metabolic rate, energy expenditure and cardiovascular function to esports game play within expert e’athletes. Further physiological research into the physical demands on e’athletes, the influence of different training programs to esport performance, and the added multivariate determinants to elite level esport performance are warranted.
Factors influencing Thai university students’ decisions to take COVID-19 vaccine booster doses: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Thichumpa Weerakorn , Yimthin Naphat , Ratchatorn Anawat , Izumi Satoko , Pan-ngum Wirichada
Published: April 2024

Background

We aimed to describe the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine booster doses and factors influencing this among Thai university students.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted between July and September 2022. All university students in Thailand were eligible to participate. We explored the acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccine booster doses and regular vaccines (if available) among university students. Associations between factors influencing the acceptance of vaccination were analyzed by multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results

A total of 322 participants were surveyed (78.9% female, age 18 to 49 years (mean = 22.6, standard deviation = 5.47)). Most participants (85.7%) were undergraduate students (Bachelor level), and a proportion (84.8%) had a background in health sciences studies. The proportions who accepted booster doses and regular vaccines were 52.8% and 69.3%, respectively. Vaccine accessibility was found to be significantly associated with the acceptance of booster doses (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10–6.97), while the availability of scientific evidence (AOR = 3.44, 95% CI = 1.21–9.77) was significantly associated with the acceptance of regular vaccines.

Conclusions

This study contributes to addressing the knowledge gap regarding acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine booster doses among university students in Thailand. Our findings revealed that vaccine accessibility and the availability of scientific evidence, as well as vaccination costs, influenced individuals’ decisions around accepting vaccine booster doses. Further research should focus on the dynamics of vaccine acceptance to facilitate the development of targeted strategies and support vaccination policymaking in Thailand.
Energy consumption data collection: case study on data center in a Thai University
Authors: Chatlatanagulchai Withit , Chantrapornchai Chantana
Published: April 2024

Objective

Energy usage in has been increased due to the rising demand of cloud infrastructure. The government policy has been focused on building the green IT data center. The energy data need to be collected in order to monitor the energy usage. However, in an old typical data center, the building has been built with no support of such data collection. In this research, we aim to design the energy data collection system for our existing data center, a case study of data center in Thailand at the university. Based on the collected data, an energy usage monitoring system and prediction can be developed.

Methods

In the case study of Kasetsart University data center, the building and electric layouts were predetermined. The building layout and existing IT hardware were investigated. We designed the meter types and the number of meters to be installed for the building the energy data collection system. The corresponding database system was also designed for data logging, data visualization and analysis purpose.

Results

As a result, 25 installed meters along with the add-on network system were installed for logging data. A data usage example was demonstrated by building the data visualization and analysis. The presented 1 year dataset collected showed the changes of energy usages which can be used to compare with real activities happening in the campus. This encourages the integration of other related environment data such as outside temperature which may affect the electric billing cost. The dataset can be used for prediction of the electric usage; thus, the policy for reducing the electric billing cost could be established. In this paper, as a data note, we focus on the methodology of data collection required for data center.
Efficacy of single high-dose statin prior to percutaneous coronary intervention in acute coronary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: de Liyis Bryan Gervais , Jagannatha Gusti Ngurah Prana , Kosasih Anastasya Maria , Darma I. Kadek Susila Surya , Artha I. Made Junior Rina
Published: April 2024

Background

The impacts of single high-dose statin preloading in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have not been fully examined. This study aims to evaluate post-procedure impacts of single high-dose statin pretreatment with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Methods

The meta-analysis reviewed Cochrane, PubMed, and Medline databases for studies comparing single high-dose atorvastatin or rosuvastatin to placebo in ACS patients undergoing PCI. The primary endpoints included major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), myocardial infarction (MI), all-cause mortality, and target vessel revascularization (TVR) at three months. Secondary endpoints examined were the TIMI flow grade 3 and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).

Results

Comprehensive analysis was conducted on fifteen RCTs, encompassing a total of 6,207 patients (3090 vs 3117 patients). The pooled results demonstrated that a single high-dose of statin administered prior to PCI led to a significant decrease in the incidence of MACE at three months post-PCI compared to the control group (OR 0.50, 95%CI 0.35–0.71, p = 0.0001). The occurrence of MI (OR 0.57, 95%CI 0.42–0.77, p = 0.0002), all-cause mortality (OR 0.56, 95%CI 0.39–0.81, p = 0.0002), and TVR (OR 0.56, 95%CI 0.35–0.92, p = 0.02) was significantly lower in the statin single high-dose group compared to the control group. No significant effects on TIMI flow grade 3 (OR 1.20, 95%CI 0.94–1.53, p = 0.14) or left ventricular ejection fraction (OR 2.19, 95%CI − 0.97 to 5.34, p = 0.17) were observed. Subgroup analysis demonstrated reduced incidence of MACE with a single dose of 80 mg atorvastatin (OR 0.66, 95%CI 0.54–0.81, p < 0.0001) and 40 mg rosuvastatin (OR 0.19, 95%CI 0.07–0.54, p = 0.002).

Conclusions

Single high-dose statin before PCI in patients with ACS significantly reduces MACE, MI, all-cause mortality, and TVR three months post-PCI.
Implementing a clinical scientist-led screening clinic for hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathies
Authors: Draper Jane , Bastiaenen Rachel , Carr-White Gerald , Bueser Teofila , Webb Jessica , Evans Colin , Nuthoo Soraya , Sheikh Nabeel
Published: April 2024

Background

The burden of screening for inherited cardiac conditions on health services grows ever larger, with each new diagnosis necessitating screening of additional family members. Screening these usually asymptomatic, low-risk individuals is currently performed by consultant cardiologists, consuming vital clinic resources that could otherwise be diverted to sicker patients requiring specialist consultant input. Clinical scientists now constitute a highly skilled and often underutilised group of individuals with training in areas such as clinical evaluation, 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG) interpretation, and echocardiography. These skills place them in a unique position to offer a full screening evaluation in a single consultation. The aim of this study was to implement and evaluate a novel clinical scientist-led screening clinic for first-degree relatives of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The clinical scientist-led screening clinic was established at a London tertiary centre to allow review of asymptomatic, first-degree relatives of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of HCM or DCM, independent of a cardiology consultant. Patients were evaluated with history, examination, ECG, and echocardiography, with further investigations if deemed necessary. A retrospective review was performed of the first 200 patients seen in the clinic.

Results

Of the 200 individuals reviewed between September 2019 and July 2022, 99 had a proband with HCM and 101 a proband with DCM. Overall, 169 individuals (85%) revealed normal screenings and were discharged. Thirty-one individuals (15.5%), all asymptomatic, revealed ECG changes and/or significant echocardiographic findings. Of these, 21 individuals (10.5% of the total cohort) were subsequently diagnosed with a cardiomyopathy or early phenotypic changes consistent with a cardiomyopathy (11 with HCM and 10 with DCM). These individuals were referred on to an inherited cardiac conditions consultant clinic for regular follow-up. Overall, 179 consultant clinic appointments were saved which could instead be allocated to patients requiring specialist consultant input.

Conclusions

This is the first description of a clinical scientist-led screening clinic for first-degree relatives of patients with HCM and DCM. The findings demonstrate that implementation of such a service into routine clinical practice is feasible, effective, safe, and can free up capacity in consultant clinics for patients requiring specialist input.
Phase II, Single-Arm Trial of Induction and Concurrent Vismodegib With Curative-Intent Radiation Therapy for Locally Advanced, Unresectable Basal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Barker Christopher A. , Dufault Suzanne , Arron Sarah T. , Ho Alan L. , Algazi Alain P. , Dunn Lara A. , Humphries Audrey A. , Hultman Carter , Lian Ming , Knott P. Daniel , Yom Sue S.
Published: April 2024

PURPOSE

Locally advanced, unresectable basal cell carcinoma (LA BCC) can be treated with radiation therapy (RT), but locoregional control (LRC) rates are unsatisfactory. Vismodegib is a hedgehog pathway inhibitor (HPI) active in BCC that may radiosensitize BCC. We evaluated the combination of vismodegib and RT for patients with LA BCC.

METHODS

In this multicenter, single-arm, phase II study, patients with unresectable LA BCC received 12 weeks of induction vismodegib, followed by 7 weeks of concurrent vismodegib and RT. The primary end point was LRC rate at 1 year after the end of treatment. Secondary end points included objective response, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), safety, and patient-reported quality of life (PRQOL).

RESULTS

Twenty-four patients received vismodegib; five were unable to complete 12 weeks of induction therapy. LRC was achieved in 91% (95% CI, 68 to 98) of patients at 1 year. The response rate was 63% (95% CI, 38 to 84) after induction vismodegib and 83% (95% CI, 59 to 96) after concurrent vismodegib and RT. With a median follow-up of 5.7 years, 1-year PFS and OS rates were 100% and 96%, and at 5 years PFS and OS rates were 78% and 83%, respectively. Distant metastasis or BCC-related death has not been observed. The most frequent treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were dysgeusia, fatigue, and myalgias occurring in 83%, 75%, and 75% of patients. No grade 4 to 5 treatment-related AEs occurred. PRQOL demonstrated clinically meaningful improvements in all subscales, with emotions and functioning improvements persisting for a year after the end of treatment.

CONCLUSION

In patients with unresectable LA BCC, the combination of vismodegib and RT yielded high rates of LRC and PFS and durable improvements in PRQOL.
Acromegaly Type 1: A Representative Patient
Authors: Cuevas-Ramos Daniel , Melmed Shlomo
Published: April 2024

A 46-year-old woman was troubled by a 3-year history of constant headaches and arthralgias. She was treated with paracetamol with no symptom resolution. An abnormal fasting glucose level prompted endocrine evaluation. On physical examination, she casually mentioned that her wedding ring no longer fit, and she also confirmed an increase in shoe size. There were no characteristic facial features for acromegaly and there was no evidence of acral enlargement. Biochemical evaluation, including insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF-1) measurement and oral glucose loading with growth hormone (GH) measurement confirmed excess GH production and a diagnosis of acromegaly. Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging showed a central pituitary microadenoma. After transsphenoidal surgical resection, tissue immunohistochemistry revealed a densely granulated somatotroph adenoma. Currently, the patient is asymptomatic with biochemical disease control, normal fasting glucose levels, and no pituitary hormone deficiencies. This patient is illustrative of a type 1 acromegaly with mild clinical manifestations. Clinicians should be aware of acromegaly subtypes to avoid delay in diagnosis and to individualize therapy.
Frontotemporal Approach for Spheno-Orbital Meningioma and Orbital Compartment Resection: Technical Case Instruction, 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Rawanduzy Cameron A. , Budohoski Karol P. , Mortimer Vance R. , Rennert Robert C. , Couldwell William T.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE:

Spheno-orbital meningiomas (SOMs) pose a challenge to the skull base neurosurgeon because of their variable presentation and involvement of critical structures within the orbit. There is no consensus on optimal management of these patients and how to achieve maximal safe resection. The authors share an illustrative case with an accompanying video to demonstrate their aggressive approach to resect SOMs and their intraorbital components.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:

A 75-year-old-woman presented with progressive vision loss and proptosis. Magnetic resonance imaging was consistent with a large, left-sided sphenoid wing meningioma with extension to the orbital wall and compression of the optic nerve medially. The patient elected to undergo surgical excision and optic nerve decompression. She did well postoperatively with resolution of proptosis and good resection margins on follow-up imaging.

CONCLUSION:

Aggressive resection of SOMs is possible with an understanding of the underlying anatomy. Familiarity with the orbit can facilitate a maximal safe resection with optic nerve decompression.
Prevalence, serovars, and risk factors associated with the presence of Salmonella in pork sold in public markets in Quito, Ecuador
Authors: Vinueza-Burgos Christian , Hidalgo-Arellano Luis , Gómez-Coronado Carlos , Medina-Santana José Luis , Cevallos-Almeida María
Published: April 2024

Background Salmonella enterica are bacteria that include more than 2,500 serovars. Most of these serovars have been linked to human foodborne illnesses, mainly related to poultry and pigs. Thus, these animals are considered the reservoirs of many Salmonella serovars and strains related to antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, serovars, β-lactam resistance genes, and the risk factors associated with Salmonella enterica in pork commercialized in open markets of Quito city. Methods For this, 165 pork meat samples were taken from municipal markets in three areas in the city. These samples were microbiologically processed following the ISO 6579-2014 standardized method. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was used to identify Salmonella serotyping and resistance genes. Strains not identified by PCR were typed by the Kauffman White Le Minor scheme. A multivariate analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with the presence of the microorganism. Results Salmonella prevalence in pork was 9.1%. Identified serovars were 4, [5], 12: i:- (53.3%), Infantis (33.3%), and Derby (13.4%). Furthermore, the β-lactam resistance genes bla CTX-M-65 could be identified in three S. infantis isolates. Multivariate analysis showed that temperature (above 8°C) and cutting surfaces (wood) presented significant association values. Conclusions In conclusion, pork in traditional markets of Quito is contaminated with Salmonella enterica, whose main serovars pose a public health concern, and shows beta-lactam resistance.
Prognostic significance of tumor budding in pancreatic carcinoma: Digitalized image approach evaluation using artificial intelligence.
Authors: Ben Rejeb Sarra , Yaacoubi Jasser
Published: April 2024

Introduction Pancreatic carcinoma (PC) is a highly malignant and lethal tumor characterized by a dismal prognosis which raised the need to identify other prognostic factors for better patient risk stratification. This study investigated the prognostic significance of tumor budding (TB) in pancreatic carcinoma using artificial intelligence. Methods In this retrospective multicenter study, we collected all cases of PC diagnosed (2008-2022). TB was assed using 2methods: manuel on hematoxylin-eosin (HE) slides and semi-automated using QUPATH software. The selected slide for each case was digitalized using NIS software version 4.00 connected to the microscope NIKON (Eclipse Ni-U). The pathological images were then incorporated into QUPATH. The budds were counted using cell count functionality based on the nucleus size and pixel variability, and TB scores were categorized as BUDD1(0-4), BUDD2(5-9) and BUDD3(≥10). We analyzed the association between the TB score and prognostic clinicopathological factors and overall survival. Results 25patients were included (mean age:62.3years;male-to-female ratio:2.57). TB was found in 100%of cases and a high TB score (BUDD2-3) was observed in 56%of cases (using QUPATH versus 48% using HE slides); statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the two methods(p=0.589). A high TB score was associated with older age(>72 years), ductal histological subtype and advanced stage (pT>2).53.8% of patients with lymph node metastasis or advanced stage had high TB score. Multivariate analysis revealed that TB score was strongly and independently associated with overall survival (OS), with a hazard ratio of 2.35. Conclusion TB is an additional prognostic factor in PC, and using artificial intelligence via QUPATH software offers a promising and accessible tool for pathologists to evaluate TB and to improve risk stratification in patients with PC.
Optimization of bioethanol production using stress-tolerant yeast strains isolated from household alcoholic beverages (Tella, Tej, and Areke) and molasses (as substrate)
Authors: Fentahun Mulugeta , Andualem Berhanu
Published: April 2024

Background Yeast strains that are tolerant to several environmental stresses are extensively employed to produce bioethanol from sugar-rich feedstock. Methods In our previous research findings, five wild indigenous strains of multi-stress tolerance yeast were isolated from traditional fermented alcoholic beverages (Tella, Tej, and Areke) in Ethiopia to the purpose of evaluate their potential use for bioethanol using sugarcane molasses as a substrate. Result The optimal parameters for maximum ethanol production were pH of 4.5, 25°Brix, 30°C, 4.0 g/l ammonium sulfate, supplement with yeast extract, and 72 h of incubation period. Under these optimum conditions, 13.13 ± 0.08% (v/v) ethanol was obtained. The yield of hydrous and anhydrous bioethanol from fermented molasses samples were produced at 94.20–95.60% (v/v) and 99.05–99.56% (v/v), respectively. Conclusion According to this finding, Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolate MUT15F, Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolate MUT18F, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolate R9MU strains have been good candidates for production of industrial bioethanol.
Theranostics-enabling high-tech centers: the value of centralizing resources in countries in development
Authors: Kahlem Pascal , Berenger-Molins Pau , Akbulut Hakan
Published: April 2024

Theranostics is a rapidly advancing field that is driving significant advancements in the healthcare industry by providing individualized medical solutions. Demand for theranostics is increasing over time and has led to the creation of theranostics-enabling high-tech technological centers. This review investigated the potential advantages and drawbacks of consolidating theranostics resources within technologically advanced facilities, particularly in developing nations, and led to three main observations: 1) The centralization of theranostics resources can lead to improved research, cost efficiency, and quality of healthcare services; 2) Developing countries may encounter hurdles such as resource allocation, infrastructure development, and skill acquisition, but these risks can be mitigated; 3) High-tech centers can play a major role in fostering innovation and advancing theranostics industry in these countries. In conclusion, this paper provides insights into the potential of high-tech centers as a pivotal point in the evolution of healthcare in developing countries. It calls for more funding support, in-depth research and collaborative efforts to overcome the challenges and harness the full potential of theranostics, as it has already occurred in some countries.
Understanding rapid oral health deterioration and its associated factors among older adults: A scoping review
Authors: Ranjith Radhika , Shenoy Ramya , Dasson Bajaj Parul , Rao Ashwini , Pai Mithun , Jodalli Praveen , BR Avinash , Priya Harsh , Shinaj Navya , D'Souza Violet
Published: April 2024

Background Understanding the pivotal interplay between systemic and oral health is paramount to ensuring holistic care, particularly among the aging demographic. Therefore, this review article aims to explore the emerging concept of Rapid Oral Health Deterioration (ROHD) by reviewing the current knowledge base among older adults and identifying knowledge gaps in this area of research. Methods This scoping review was conducted in line with Arksey and O’Malley’s framework between December 2023 and March 2024 and reported while adhering to the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A systematic database search was performed across three databases i.e. PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE to collate the existing literature published in English between January 2013 and February 2024 addressing ROHD among older adults. After data charting, a critical appraisal of the selected studies was followed by qualitative thematic analysis. Results Among the 12 papers in this scoping review, 10 were cross-sectional studies, with one each of retrospective cohort and case-control studies. The qualitative thematic analysis of the selected articles resulted in the emergence of four main themes: risk factors for ROHD, attributes related to ROHD, challenges encountered in the management of ROHD, and management approaches for ROHD among older adults. Conclusions This scoping review provides an overview of the rapid deterioration of oral health among older adults. Age-related dental disease harms the quality of life and overall health. To avoid dental disorders and to maintain and improve oral health in older adults, an integrated and multidisciplinary approach is essential. If ROHD is not treated, it may lead to poor health, a lower quality of life, and in severe cases, systemic infections that increase hospitalizations and possibly cause death.
Comparison of clinical characteristics and outcomes between COVID-19 survivors and non-survivors: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Aryal Diptesh , Bhattarai Suraj , Paudel Sushila , Luitel Subekshya , Shakya Roshni , Dhakal Riju , Bhusal Surendra , Paneru Hem Raj , Thapa Kaveri , Kayastha Srijana , Thapa Karuna , Shrestha Sabita , Yonjan Renu , Koirala Sabin , Khanal Sushil , Tiwari Pradip , Acharya Subhash Prasad
Published: April 2024

Background To compare the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 survivors and non-survivors who were transferred from general wards to the critical care units in four tertiary hospitals of Nepal. Methods This study utilized electronic data from the National Intensive Care Unit (ICU) registry managed by the Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation (NICRF). A retrospective observational study was conducted among 78 eligible COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care units of four different hospitals between 2020 and 2022. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare each continuous variable between the survivors and non survivors, while Pearson's chi-squared test was used to examine the association between each categorical variable and outcome. Results Among 78 cases of COVID-19 studied, 29 (37.1%) had died, and 49 (62.8%) had recovered. The median age of the patient was 57.5 years, with a higher percentage of males (66.6%). Hypertension (41%) and diabetes (26.9%) were common comorbidities, whereas pneumonia (41%) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (19.2%) were common complications. Most patients required oxygen therapy (96.2%). Corticosteroids (76.9%) and anticoagulants (83.3%) were commonly administered medications. Median of mean arterial pressure was 85 mm Hg [ IQR- 79.2 - 99.5] in non-survivors and 93.3 mm Hg [IQR- 86.6 - 102.6 ] in survivors which was significantly different between the two groups (p=0.04). Nine of the patients had cardiac dysfunction on ICU admission, of which none survived (p=0.001). Out of ten patients requiring inotropes or vasopressors, only two survived (p=0.001). Conclusions Non-survivor COVID patients had lower mean arterial pressure on admission to intensive care units. A higher proportion of patients with cardiac dysfunction and requiring inotropes or vasopressors could not survive.
Causes, outcomes and diagnosis of acute breathlessness hospital admissions in Malawi: protocol for a multicentre prospective cohort study
Authors: Spencer Stephen A. , Malowa Florence , McCarty David , Joekes Elizabeth , Phulusa Jacob , Chinoko Beatrice , Kaimba Sylvester , Keyala Lucy , Mandala Peter , Mkandawire Mercy , Mlongoti Matthew , Mnesa Bright , Mukatipa Albert , Mijumbi Rhona , Nyirenda Mulinda , Sawe Hendry R. , Henrion Marc , Augustine Daniel X. , Oxborough David , Worrall Eve , Limbani Felix , Dark Paul , Gordon Stephen B. , Rylance Jamie , Morton Ben ,   Collaborators
Published: April 2024

Background Hospital admission due to breathlessness carries a significant burden to patients and healthcare systems, particularly impacting people in low-income countries. Prompt appropriate treatment is vital to improve outcomes, but this relies on accurate diagnostic tests which are of limited availability in resource-constrained settings. We will provide an accurate description of acute breathlessness presentations in a multicentre prospective cohort study in Malawi, a low resource setting in Southern Africa, and explore approaches to strengthen diagnostic capacity. Objectives Primary objective: Delineate between causes of breathlessness among adults admitted to hospital in Malawi and report disease prevalence. Secondary objectives: Determine patient outcomes, including mortality and hospital readmission 90 days after admission; determine the diagnostic accuracy of biomarkers to differentiate between heart failure and respiratory infections (such as pneumonia) including brain natriuretic peptides, procalcitonin and C-reactive protein. Methods This is a prospective longitudinal cohort study of adults (≥18 years) admitted to hospital with breathlessness across two hospitals: 1) Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi; 2) Chiradzulu District Hospital, Chiradzulu, Malawi. Patients will be consecutively recruited within 24 hours of emergency presentation and followed-up until 90 days from hospital admission. We will conduct enhanced diagnostic tests with robust quality assurance and quality control to determine estimates of disease pathology. Diagnostic case definitions were selected following a systematic literature search. Discussion This study will provide detailed epidemiological description of adult hospital admissions due to breathlessness in low-income settings, which is currently poorly understood. We will delineate between causes using established case definitions and conduct nested diagnostic evaluation. The results have the potential to facilitate development of interventions targeted to strengthen diagnostic capacity, enable prompt and appropriate treatment, and ultimately improve both patient care and outcomes.
El bachuismo y la nueva nación colombiana de Rómulo Rozo en la Exposición Iberoamericana de Sevilla
Authors: Bonilla Pardo David
Published: April 2024

Este capítulo se centrará en el papel que tuvo la resignificación de la identidad colombiana a cargo del artista boyacense Rómulo Rozo, seleccionado principalmente por su aproximación no europea al arte, la cual fue plasmada en la ornamentación y los detalles arquitectónicos del Pabellón de Colombia en la Exposición Iberoamericana de Sevilla. ¿Cómo generar un nuevo referente de identidad nacional que no caiga en la exacerbación del pasado prehispánico y sin negar la historia que vino a la llegada de los españoles? ¿Por qué la necesidad de generar una identidad nacional alternativa? ¿Cuáles fueron esos elementos tanto
históricos como artísticos que retrataron esa novedosa forma de vernos? ¿Qué influencia política e ideológica tuvo Rozo para crear ese imaginario colectivo de nación y cómo esta asimismo influyó en pensarse y retratarse como país?
Victorias conservadoras, entradas apoteósicas y construcciones efímeras: los arcos del triunfo de Bogotá en las conmemoraciones de la guerra civil de 1895
Authors: Uribe Hanabergh Verónica
Published: April 2024

Este capítulo busca visibilizar estas construcciones como representaciones visuales del mundo clásico y militar en una Bogotá ad portas del siglo XX, donde la práctica de actos conmemorativos grandiosos a la usanza de la Antigua Roma establecían con fuerza el mensaje partidista del conservadurismo, al mismo tiempo que se apoyaba en la industria y la modernización como el camino hacia el progreso social y económico. Por medio de un recuento de este tipo de prácticas en otros contextos, así como de este caso de estudio, el capítulo busca sacar a la luz este evento histórico, así como entender la manera en que tales manifestaciones se inscriben en una tradición de la modernidad occidental.
Contiendas memoriales y negacionismo: una mirada histórica a la vida efímera del monumento militar del parque Bicentenario
Authors: Tamayo Plazas María Angélica
Published: April 2024

Este capítulo constituye una primera aproximación al tema, y como se mencionó, se inscribe teórica y metodológicamente en los estudios de memoria principalmente, pero no de forma exclusiva. Las fuentes utilizadas fueron publicaciones periódicas (prensa y revistas) en línea, así como comunicaciones en redes sociales. Tres premisas guían el análisis de este caso. En primer lugar, tanto el fenómeno estudiado como las circunstancias en las que fue escrito (el confinamiento debido a la pandemia del covid-19) nos han llevado a recurrir a fuentes de información y técnicas que podríamos denominar “no convencionales”, pero que en realidad y de manera creciente hacen parte de la cotidianidad de las personas y los fenómenos sociales que observamos: me refiero a las interacciones y los eventos virtuales y a su observación, es decir, a técnicas y conceptos de etnografía virtual. Este enfoque subraya que lo digital se ha desplegado como parte del mundo donde cohabitamos con los actores y fenómenos sociales que observamos, y se aproxima al evento como “una forma de entender sucesos identificables, estén o no planificados de antemano”; de naturaleza mixta, estos eventos se constituyen y experimentan mediante fusiones entre lo online/offline y lo digital/material; la idea de evento “implica con frecuencia algo que se produce en un contexto público” o “que poseen una dimensión pública o en los que intervienen grupos de personas considerados ‘público’”. Parto de la idea de que la instalación, el debate y el derribo de la estatua del parque Bicentenario es un evento de esta naturaleza.
Risk Factors of Aspiration in Pediatric Dysphagia: A Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study Analysis
Authors: Han Yunju , Kim Youngsun , Yi You Gyoung , Oh Byung-Mo
Published: April 2024

Objectives: This study examined to identify effective temporal measures to distinguish between aspirators and non-aspirators in young children with dysphagia.Methods: Fortytwo children aged from 1 year to 3 years 11 months were included in this study. All children were referred to Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study (VFSS) at a tertiary hospital in South Korea. The children were divided into two groups depending on the presence of aspiration: aspirators (N=16) and non-aspirators (N=26). Seven temporal measures were measured to identify swallowing physiologies by using frame-by-frame analysis. A multilevel model with binomial distribution was used to examine which temporal measures better predict group membership.Results: Delayed pharyngeal swallow (DPS), pharyngeal transit time (PTT), and initiation of laryngeal closure (ILC) were significant factors in distinguishing the aspirators from the non-aspirators. DPS was the most useful temporal measure to distinguish between the groups. ILC placed second, followed by PTT. A model including DPS and PTT was the best model to predict the group membership. A model with PTT and ILC ranked second.Conclusion: The findings indicated that an aspiration risk appeared to increase when the bolus stayed longer in the pharynx and initiation of pharyngeal swallow was delayed. Also, the bolus remained in the pharynx for an abnormally longer time while the airway was open in the aspirators. This study suggests that clinicians should not only recognize pathophysiological factors that may increase the aspiration risk but also determine which abnormal physiology is a main factor of aspiration during VFSS.
A Comparison of Expressive Vocabulary in Spontaneous Language Sample and Parent Checklist of Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Kim Hyeji , Lee YoonKyoung
Published: April 2024

Objectives: This study aims to examine the differences in vocabulary abilities in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using a parent checklist and spontaneous language analysis.Methods: Participants included 10 children with ASD, aged 18-30 months, and 10 typically developing children matched for language age. Data were collected using the Korean version of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory (K M-B CDI) vocabulary checklist and spontaneous language analysis. The total number of vocabulary and the number of 5 word classes of vocabulary were measured and a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation analysis was performed to compare the two groups.Results: Children with ASD demonstrated a higher total vocabulary according to the parent checklist compared to typically developing children. However, there was no significant difference in the results of spontaneous language analysis. While the parent checklist indicated higher vocabulary across all five word classes for ASD children, spontaneous language analysis revealed that they predominantly used nouns and verbs, with fewer occurrences of determiners, independent words, and relational words. Moreover, the vocabulary overlap between the two methods was lower in the ASD group compared to the typically developing group. Conclusion: This study highlights the challenges faced by children with ASD in appropriately using their known vocabulary. It emphasizes the importance of considering not only the parent checklist but also analyzing spontaneously used vocabulary in real communication situations. This integrated approach may provide valuable insights for developing personalized interventions and therapeutic strategies for language development in children with ASD.
Signicat: From vision to reality – establishing a European digital identity
Authors: Jutila Janne , Makaay Esther , Ølnes Jon
Published: April 2024

The European Union has an ambitious plan to establish a digital single market, with wide-ranging data sharing built on biometric-based digital IDs. But how easy will this be to deliver, and what is the likely impact on European citizens and companies?
DNV: Building the hydrogen pathway to net zero
Authors: Govindji Al-Karim , Killingland Magnus
Published: April 2024

Hydrogen can play a major role in delivering on COP28’s historic promise to end fossil fuels. This article highlights the best actions now being taken, like building hydrogen hubs in major seaports – but also the long list of priorities still facing policymakers worldwide.
„Da is noch lang nicht Schicht im Schacht“.
Authors: Rein Charlotte , Puckert Sarah
Published: April 2024

Research on regiolects commonly concentrates on phenomena of traditional dialectology. In his talk at the 6th IGDD congress in September 2018 Michael Elmentaler whatsoever plead to rather focus on characteristics of regiolects by themselves. As a scientific approach he mentioned regional phraseology.

The following research project now focuses on the regional distribution of phrasemes and tries to find out whether participants are aware of these and which influence age has. Therefore 26 phrasemes, based on the Rheinisches Mitmachwörterbuch, an interactive online tool of the LVR-Institut für Landeskunde und Regionalgeschichte (ILR), that are not codified or coded „landschaftlich rheinisch/westmitteldeutsch“ in relevant lexicons are presented to participants. They then rated whether they knew and used these phrasemes or whether they were unknown to them. Moreover, participants were able to fill in variants of the idioms in question. First results from the study concerning awareness and age will be presented in this paper.
Fractioned-pattern radiation mapping, Part II: assessment
Authors: Valencia Estrada Juan Camilo , Garcia-Marquez Jorge , Espinoza-Garcia Adrian Alejandro , Lartigue Clement , Etienne Romain , Dupont Philippe
Published: April 2024

In Part I, the authors proposed a theoretical background for predicting the radiation distribution in any optical system based on decomposing the emitting source power. Here, we describe the validity of this decomposition through a practical example that uses a radiating source and a single surface optical system. This source is calibrated in a metrology testbed that guarantees its traceability to the candela (cd), the International System (SI) base unit for luminous intensity I
v
. A second example, this time numerical, shows the method’s performance in a multisurface optical system.
Improved optical contrast of plasmonic phase change memory using a Fabry-Perot cavity
Authors: Yan Xu , Lu Yegang
Published: April 2024

As a promising technology to realize multilevel, non-volatile data storage and information processing, optical phase change technologies have attracted extensive attention in recent years. However, existing phase-change photonic devices face significant challenges such as limited switching contrast and high switching energy. This study introduces an innovative approach to tackle these issues by leveraging Fabry-Perot (F-P) cavity resonance and plasmon resonance techniques to enhance the modulation effect of phase change materials (PCMs) on the light. To the best of our knowledge, a novel device structure is proposed, featuring an elliptic nano-antenna placed on an F-P cavity waveguide composed of symmetric Bragg grating. This design exploits the enhanced electric field to achieve low power consumption and high contrast. The device enables crucial functions, including read, write, and erase operations, under all light conditions. Through the synergistic utilization of plasma and F-P cavity effects, an ultra-high switching contrast of around 70.6% is achieved. By varying the pulse power or duration, the proportion between the crystalline and amorphous states of the PCMs is altered, consequently modifying its refractive index. With its wide range of applications in optical storage and computing, the device holds significant potential for advancing these fields.
High-security multidimensional data protection system based on the Hartley algorithm-driven chaotic scheme
Authors: Cui Jie , Liu Bo , Ren Jianxin , Mao Yaya , Wu Xiangyu , Ullah Rahat , Song Xiumin , Chen Shuaidong , Sun Tingting , Wu Yongfeng , Wang Feng , Han Yongcan , Chen Gengyin
Published: April 2024

This paper proposes a high-security multidimensional data protection system based on the Hartley algorithm-driven chaotic scheme. We utilize the fast Hartley algorithm instead of the fast fourier computation, and we employ chaotic sequences generated by the multi-winged chaotic system to achieve chaos-driven 3D constellation mapping, effectively integrating the chaotic system with the stochastic amplitude modulator. We reduce the signal’s peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) by deploying a random amplitude modulator. Simultaneously, this approach enhances the security of the physical layer of the signal. The PAPR reduction can reach up to 2.6 dB, while the most robust and stable modulator scheme can gain 2 dB. Finally, in the Hartley frequency domain, the signal's frequency is disrupted, providing the entire system with a key space of 10131 to resist violent cracking and thus improving the system's overall security. To validate the feasibility of our scheme in comparison to conventional IFFT-based encrypted 3D orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, We achieved a transmission rate of 27.94 Gb/s over a 2 km multicore fiber. Experimental results show that since the random amplitude generator effectively reduces PAPR, our proposed encryption scheme increases the forward error correction threshold range by 1.1 dB, verifying that our proposed scheme has highly reliable security performance.
5 µm CW Ce3+-doped chalcogenide glass fiber laser with 17% slope efficiency
Authors: Koltashev V. V. , Frolov M. P. , Leonov S. O. , Sverchkov S. E. , Galagan B. I. , Korostelin Yu. V. , Skasyrsky Ya. K. , Snopatin G. E. , Sukhanov M. V. , Velmuzhov A. P. , Kozlovsky V. I. , Denker B. I. , Plotnichenko V. G.
Published: April 2024

Efficient room temperature mid-infrared laser action in a Ce3+-doped chalcogenide fiber was demonstrated. The fiber had a doped selenide glass core in an undoped sulfide glass cladding. The pump source was a CW Fe2+:ZnSe laser emitting at 4.14 µm. The optimized fiber length allowed obtaining up to 7 mW of 5.06 µm output with 17% slope efficiency at room temperature.
Algebra of optical dislocations with plasmonic nanostructures
Authors: Goz Pasha , Yaroshevsky Andre , Gorodetski Yuri
Published: April 2024

Plasmonic structures with physical and Berry-type dislocations are shown to produce vortices with phase singularity according to the system and illumination parameters. We demonstrate that, by combining the two types of dislocations in one structure, the manipulation with the topological charge of the emerging vortex beams can be controlled in an intriguing way. As a result, the plasmonic field distribution can be conveniently modified and selectively excited.
Carbon-silicon based hybrid quantum dot short wave infrared photodetector
Authors: Chen Liming , Zhang Yuyan , Cai Yijun , Chen Zhifeng , Lin Dongyi , Zhan Yuchuan , Jiang Jianhua , Chen Chengying
Published: April 2024

Recently infrared photodetectors based on low-dimensional semiconductors have developed rapidly. However, due to its poor light absorption and incompatibility with traditional silicon-based readout circuit processes, the sensitivity and integration of such photodetectors are limited. In this work, we proposes a 64 × 64 quantum dot short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) photodetector composed of carbon nanotube thin film transistor (CNT TFT) and silicon-based ROIC. CNT TFT's gate is constructed by PbS colloidal quantum dots (PbS CQDs) which improve the absorption rate of infrared light. The generated photovoltage is amplified and converted in situ by CNT TFT. Notably, under infrared radiation of 1300 nm, the noise equivalent current reach up to 1.25*10−13A/Hz1/2. At a drain-source bias (Vds)= -0.1 V. The device exhibits detectivity of 5.6*1013 Jones and a fast response of 0.57 ms. The silicon-based ROIC is implemented by CMOS 0.18um process, with a power supply voltage of 1.8 V. It mainly includes a programmable integrator, a sampling and holding circuit, and a 10bit/2.5 MHz successive approximation analog-to-digital converter (SAR ADC). The programmable integrator has four levels of integral gain to meet the application requirements of different infrared light intensities. The experiment results show that the imaging function of the overall photodetector is correct, laying the foundation for the development of carbon-silicon based heterojunction integrated photodetector in the future.
CFDP1 regulates the stability of pericentric heterochromatin thereby affecting RAN GTPase activity and mitotic spindle formation
Authors: Gopinathan Gokul , Xu Qian , Luan Xianghong , Diekwisch Thomas G. H.
Published: April 2024

The densely packed centromeric heterochromatin at minor and major satellites is comprised of H3K9me2/3 histones, the heterochromatin protein HP1α, and histone variants. In the present study, we sought to determine the mechanisms by which condensed heterochromatin at major and minor satellites stabilized by the chromatin factor CFDP1 affects the activity of the small GTPase Ran as a requirement for spindle formation. CFDP1 colocalized with heterochromatin at major and minor satellites and was essential for the structural stability of centromeric heterochromatin. Loss of CENPA, HP1α, and H2A.Z heterochromatin components resulted in decreased binding of the spindle nucleation facilitator RCC1 to minor and major satellite repeats. Decreased RanGTP levels as a result of diminished RCC1 binding interfered with chromatin-mediated microtubule nucleation at the onset of mitotic spindle formation. Rescuing chromatin H2A.Z levels in cells and mice lacking CFDP1 through knock-down of the histone chaperone ANP32E not only partially restored RCC1-dependent RanGTP levels but also alleviated CFDP1-knockout-related craniofacial defects and increased microtubule nucleation in CFDP1/ANP32E co-silenced cells. Together, these studies provide evidence for a direct link between condensed heterochromatin at major and minor satellites and microtubule nucleation through the chromatin protein CFDP1.