bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
American Grasslands
Authors: Hoffmann Hillary M.
Published: February 2025

American Grasslands provides a comprehensive review of select laws and policies that have shaped modern western agriculture. Through compelling stories of both famous and lesser-known ranches, the book explores the trajectory of law and policy that has consolidated power in western ranchers and agricultural enterprises. Drawing lessons from historical events such as the Dust Bowl and the current climate and extinction crises, the book illustrates the harmful externalities of agricultural activity and the need for meaningful reform. The book also addresses recent national calls for social and racial justice in the context of western agriculture and public resources like water, land, and wildlife. After highlighting the problems created by current laws and policies, the book offers practical recommendations for future legal and policy reform. American Grasslands is a must-read for anyone interested in the history and future of western agriculture and the role of law and policy in shaping it.
Retrospective and Prospective for Scientific Provenance Studies in Archaeology
Authors: Pollard A. M.
Published: February 2025

Provenance has been one of the major scientific applications in archaeology for a hundred years. The 'Golden Age' began in the 1950s, when large programmes were initiated focussing on bronzes, ceramics, and lithics. However, these had varying impact, ranging from wide acceptance to outright rejection. This Element reviews some of these programmes, mainly in Eurasia and North America, focussing on how the complexity of the material, and the effects of human behaviour, can impact on such studies. The conclusion is that provenance studies of lithic materials and obsidian are likely to be reliable, but those on ceramics and metals are increasingly complicated, especially in the light of mixing and recycling. An alternative is suggested, which focusses more on using scientific studies to understand the relationship between human selectivity and processing and the wider resources available, rather than on the simple question of 'where does this object come from'.
Incorporating Purpose
Authors: Segrestin Blanche , Levillain Kevin , Hatchuel Armand
Published: February 2025

In this Element, emerging legal forms of purpose-driven corporations are analyzed, revealing two important insights. First, within the traditional corporate law, a purpose is neither protected nor enforceable over time. While companies can have goals beyond profit, these are controlled by shareholders, who also appoint corporate managers. To protect social or environmental ambitions, especially during shareholder changes, a legal commitment from the company is essential. Second, these new legal forms highlight the need to redefine the corporation's legal foundations. In an era when management decisions impact entire populations and the planet, the law inadequately conceptualizes the conditions necessary for responsible management. The Element argues that embedding a purpose in the constitution of corporations can provide these new legal foundations. Ultimately, the Element suggests that purpose provides a unified theoretical framework for understanding the variety of corporate legal forms and for discussing their respective potentials and limitations in holding corporations accountable in the face of upcoming transitions.
Farm Animal Welfare and Producer Profitability
Authors: Staples Aaron J. , Lusk Jayson L. , Caputo Vincenzina , Tonsor Glynn T.
Published: February 2025

Past research shows that farm animal welfare (FAW) policies can reduce consumer and retailer welfare, but producer welfare implications are less certain. This study uses equilibrium displacement modeling of the U.S. wholesale shell egg market to determine how the transition to cage-free egg sales could affect short- and long-run producer welfare. Under varying assumptions and retailer demand shifts, the results consistently demonstrate that producer profits are expected to decline as retailers pivot toward cage-free purchasing, holding all else constant. These findings help explain the tension surrounding FAW policies across the supply chain and can be used to inform industry and policymaker discussions on the topic.
Local Normal Forms of Noncommutative Functions
Authors: Brown Gavin , Wemyss Michael
Published: February 2025

This article describes local normal forms of functions in noncommuting variables, up to equivalence generated by isomorphism of noncommutative Jacobi algebras, extending singularity theory in the style of Arnold’s commutative local normal forms into the noncommutative realm. This generalisation unveils many new phenomena, including an ADE classification when the Jacobi ring has dimension zero and, by taking suitable limits, a further ADE classification in dimension one. These are natural generalisations of the simple singularities and those with infinite multiplicity in Arnold’s classification. We obtain normal forms away from some exceptional Type E cases. Remarkably, these normal forms have no continuous parameters, and the key new feature is that the noncommutative world affords larger families.

This theory has a range of immediate consequences to the birational geometry of 3-folds. The normal forms of dimension zero are the analytic classification of smooth 3-fold flops, and one outcome of NC singularity theory is the first list of all Type D flopping germs, generalising Reid’s famous pagoda classification of Type A, with variants covering Type E. The normal forms of dimension one have further applications to divisorial contractions to a curve. In addition, the general techniques also give strong evidence towards new contractibility criteria for rational curves.
A deeper look at serious superficial incisional surgical site infections (SSISSIs): prevalence, impact, and implications for hospital performance rankings
Authors: Seidelman Jessica , Wood Brittain , Padgette Polly , Payne Valerie , Crane Linda , Roach Linda , Anderson Deverick J.
Published: February 2025

Serious superficial incisional surgical site infections (SSISSIs) are a critical subset of SSIs that require surgical intervention or lead to hospital readmission. Analyzing 11,617 SSIs from 47 community hospitals, the inclusion of SSISSIs changed 30/47 hospital rankings (p = 0.02), highlighting the need for inclusion in standardized infection surveillance models.
Deep Uncertainty and Incommensurability: General Cautions about Precaution
Authors: Stewart Rush T.
Published: February 2025

The precautionary principle is invoked in a number of important personal and policy-related decision contexts. Peterson shows that certain ways of making the principle precise are inconsistent with other criteria of decision making. Some object that the results do not apply to cases of deep uncertainty or value incommensurability, which are alleged to be in the principle’s wheelhouse. First, I show that Peterson’s impossibility results can be generalized considerably to cover cases of both deep uncertainty and incommensurability. Second, I contrast an alternative way of giving voice to the precautionary impulse.
CICERO AND EPICURUS ON PLEASURE AND FRIENDSHIP
Authors: Volk Katharina
Published: February 2025

abstract

Ancient writers, including philosophers such as Aristotle, often depict friendship as a source of pleasure; by contrast, in his Laelius de amicitia, Cicero describes such relationships as sweet and delightful, but never connects them with uoluptas, which for him is a largely negative term reserved for Epicurean doctrine. This paper argues that there is more to this pointed use of language than Cicero’s well-known dislike of Epicureanism. Considering first the Latin philosophical vocabulary of pleasure and then the vexed question of what exactly qualifies as pleasure according to the Epicurean system, the paper makes the case that Cicero believed (probably correctly) that the pleasures of friendship as conceived of by himself and many ordinary language-users would not in fact qualify as instances of Epicurean uoluptas. If, as Epicurus appears to have held, all pleasures are either bodily or mental, and all mental pleasures are derived from bodily ones, then many activities experienced as pleasurable in and of themselves—including many traditional elements of friendship—are not in fact Epicurean pleasures.
Using deep learning to design high aspect ratio fusion devices
Authors: Curvo P. , Ferreira D.R. , Jorge R.
Published: February 2025

The design of fusion devices is typically based on computationally expensive simulations. This can be alleviated using high aspect ratio models that employ a reduced number of free parameters, especially in the case of stellarator optimization where non-axisymmetric magnetic fields with a large parameter space are optimized to satisfy certain performance criteria. However, optimization is still required to find configurations with properties such as low elongation, high rotational transform, finite beta and good fast particle confinement. In this work, we train a machine learning model to construct configurations with favourable confinement properties by finding a solution to the inverse design problem, that is, obtaining a set of model input parameters for given desired properties. Since the solution of the inverse problem is non-unique, a probabilistic approach, based on mixture density networks, is used. It is shown that optimized configurations can be generated reliably using this method.
Learning Irony in School: Effects of Metapragmatic Training
Authors: Olkoniemi Henri , Häikiö Tuomo , Merinen Milla , Manninen Jasmiina , Laine Matti , Pexman Penny M.
Published: February 2025

Irony comprehension requires going beyond literal meaning of words and is challenging for children. In this pre-registered study, we investigated how teaching metapragmatic knowledge in classrooms impacts written irony comprehension in 10-year-old Finnish-speaking children (n = 41, 21 girls) compared to a control group (n = 34, 13 girls). At pre-test, children read ironic and literal sentences embedded in stories while their eye movements were recorded. Next, the training group was taught about irony, and the control group was taught about reading comprehension. At post-test, the reading task and eye-tracking were repeated. Irony comprehension improved after metapragmatic training on irony, suggesting that metapragmatic knowledge serves an important role in irony development. However, the eye movement data suggested that training did not change the strategy children used to resolve the ironic meaning. The results highlight the potential of metapragmatic training and have implications for theories of irony comprehension.
A Technocratic Moment in 1930s Belgium: Governmental Planning Between Democracy and Fascism
Authors: van de Maele Jens
Published: February 2025

Historiographical accounts generally explain Belgian technocracy as a short-lived phenomenon of the 1930s, when the politicians Hendrik de Man and Paul van Zeeland unsuccessfully tried to reinforce state power by strengthening the role of experts (at the expense of the parliament). This article focuses on the overlooked ideas and activities of the political scientist Louis Camu, who, also during the 1930s, pushed for technocratic governance – with more success than van Zeeland and de Man. As ‘Royal Commissioner’ for civil service reform, Camu sought to transform Belgian politics and even the morality of the population at large. Yet despite his public prominence, Camu was far from a transparent political operator. While defending a Montesquieuan democracy in public, he covertly became involved in extreme-right politics during the latter years of the 1930s, culminating in his 1940 membership of a wartime reform committee that sought to abolish the liberal democracy.
Validierung des Deutschen Big Five Inventar-2
Authors: Wiechers Yannik , Kandler Christian
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung: Die aktuelle Studie prüfte die psychometrische Güte des deutschen Big Five Inventar-2 (BFI-2). Durch das Hinzuziehen von Bekannteneinschätzungen konnte neben der Selbstberichtform auch die Fremdberichtform untersucht werden. Der Fokus der Validierung lag hierbei auf der Internen Konsistenz, der Selbst-Andere-Übereinstimmung, dem Konsensus von Fremdeinschätzungen, der Strukturellen, Kriterien- und Inkrementellen Validität sowie der Messinvarianz über die Beurteilungsperspektive. Die Stichprobe bestand aus 2 288 Selbsteinschätzungen (61 % weiblich, Altersspanne: 14 – 89 Jahre) und 932 Fremdeinschätzungen (67 % weiblich, Altersspanne: 14 – 88 Jahre), die überwiegend von gut informierten Partner_innen, Freund_innen und Verwandten stammten. Interne Konsistenz, Selbst-Andere-Übereinstimmung und Fremdurteiler-Konsensus waren zufriedenstellend. Strukturgleichungsmodelle, welche die Selbst- und Fremdperspektive berücksichtigten, bestätigten die Fünf-Faktorenstruktur. Es zeigten sich erwartungskonforme Assoziationen zu Kriteriumsvariablen und der inkrementelle Mehrwert der Facettenebene wurde demonstriert. Eine partiell strikte Messinvarianz über die Beurteilungsperspektiven konnte erhärtet werden. Eine vorherige Validierung zur Selbstberichtform des BFI-2 wurden insofern repliziert und darüber hinaus durch die Bestätigung der psychometrischen Güte der Fremdberichtform erweitert.
Impact of patient care teams on blood pressure control in patients with hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Akasaki Yuichi , Suematsu Yasunori , Azushima Kengo , Shiga Yuhei , Sakima Atsushi , Satoh Michihiro , Arima Hisatomi , Hirawa Nobuhito
Published: February 2025

Hypertension is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, with its global prevalence doubling over the past three decades. Despite advancements in antihypertensive therapies, approximately 50% of patients with hypertension fail to achieve their target blood pressure (BP) levels, underscoring the need for innovative care strategies. Patient care teams comprising multidisciplinary healthcare providers have shown promise in improving BP management. This systematic review and meta-analysis were aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of patient care teams involving physicians in hypertension management. To this end, PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, and IchuShi-Web were comprehensively searched and 61 randomized controlled trials including 64,857 participants were identified. Compared with usual care, interventions by patient care teams significantly reduced office systolic BP (mean difference: −6.31 mmHg; 95% confidence interval: −7.71 to −4.90) and decreased the risk of uncontrolled BP by 27% (risk ratio: 0.73; 95% confidence interval: 0.68–0.79). Subgroup analyses demonstrated consistent BP reductions across various team leadership roles, such as physicians, nurses, and pharmacists, and across different intervention durations. These findings highlight the effectiveness of team-based BP management in achieving improved BP control, regardless of team composition or the follow-up period. Multidisciplinary care offers a viable approach to addressing the unmet needs of patients with hypertension, potentially improving cardiovascular outcomes. This evidence supports integrating patient care teams into hypertension management, particularly in settings requiring physician oversight. Future research should focus on refining team structures and tailoring interventions to diverse healthcare environments to enhance their impact.
Bioturbation in the hadal zone
Authors: Hovikoski Jussi , Virtasalo Joonas J. , Wetzel Andreas , Muthre Mishelle , Strasser Michael , Proust Jean-Noel , Ikehara Ken
Published: February 2025

The hadal zone, >6 km deep, remains one of the least understood ecosystems on Earth. We address bioturbational structures in sediment cores from depths exceeding 7.5 km, collected during the IODP Expedition 386 in the Japan Trench. Micro-CT imaging on 20 core sections allowed to identify biogenic sedimentary structures (incipient trace fossils) and their colonization successions within gravity flow deposits. Their frequency, and consequent changes in substrate consistency, oxygenation and organic matter delivery and remineralization controlled the endobenthic colonization. The gravity-flow beds show recurring bioturbation successions: The initial colonization is characterized by deposit-feeding structures such as Phycosiphon, Nereites and Artichnus generating typically 20 cm thick intensively bioturbated fabrics. The final colonization stage comprises slender spiral, lobate and deeply penetrating straight and ramifying burrow systems such as Gyrolithes, Pilichnus and Trichichnus, interpreted to include burrows of microbe farming and chemosymbiotic invertebrates. The main factor precluding colonization is soupy substrate. Organic matter degradation and post-event upward expansion of the anoxic zone drive the change from deposit feeding to microbe-dependent feeding strategies.
Towards the quantized anomalous Hall effect in AlOx-capped MnBi2Te4
Authors: Wang Yongqian , Fu Bohan , Wang Yongchao , Lian Zichen , Yang Shuai , Li Yaoxin , Xu Liangcai , Gao Zhiting , Yang Xiaotian , Wang Wenbo , Jiang Wanjun , Zhang Jinsong , Wang Yayu , Liu Chang
Published: February 2025

The quantum anomalous Hall effect in layered antiferromagnet MnBi2Te4 harbors a rich interplay between magnetism and topology, holding a significant promise for low-power electronic devices and topological antiferromagnetic spintronics. In recent years, MnBi2Te4 has garnered considerable attention as the only known material to exhibit the antiferromagnetic quantum anomalous Hall effect. However, this field faces significant challenges as the quantization at zero magnetic field depending critically on fabricating high-quality devices. In this article, we introduce a straightforward yet effective method to mitigate the detrimental effect of the standard fabrication on MnBi2Te4 by depositing an AlOx layer on the surface before fabrication. Optical contrast and magnetotransport measurements on over 50 MnBi2Te4 demonstrate that AlOx can effectively preserve the pristine states of the devices. Surprisingly, we find this simple method can significantly enhance the anomalous Hall effect towards quantization, which resolves a longstanding challenge in the field of MnBi2Te4. Scaling relation analysis further reveals the intrinsic mechanism of anomalous Hall effect dominated by Berry curvature at various magnetic configuration. By tuning the gate voltage, we uncover a gate independent magnetism in odd-layer MnBi2Te4 devices. Our experiments not only pave the way for the fabrication of high-quality dissipationless transport devices, but also advance the investigation of exotic topological quantum phenomena in 2D materials.
A semantic approach to mapping the Provenance Ontology to Basic Formal Ontology
Authors: Prudhomme Tim , De Colle Giacomo , Liebers Austin , Sculley Alec , Xie Peihong “Karl” , Cohen Sydney , Beverley John
Published: February 2025

The Provenance Ontology (PROV-O) is a World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommended ontology used to structure data about provenance across a wide variety of domains. Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) is a top-level ontology ISO/IEC standard used to structure a wide variety of ontologies, such as the OBO Foundry ontologies and the Common Core Ontologies (CCO). To enhance interoperability between these two ontologies, their extensions, and data organized by them, a mapping methodology and set of alignments are presented according to specific criteria which prioritize semantic and logical principles. The ontology alignments are evaluated by checking their logical consistency with canonical examples of PROV-O instances and querying terms that do not satisfy the alignment criteria as formalized in SPARQL. A variety of semantic web technologies are used in support of FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) principles.
Double nanowire quantum dots and machine learning
Authors: Zieliński Michał
Published: February 2025

We present an approach to estimate the single-particle energies in double InAs/InP nanowire quantum dots by combining an atomistic tight-binding approach with machine learning. The method works particularly well with a neural network and transfer learning, where we can accurately recover ground state energies with root-mean-square deviation around 1 meV by using only a small training set and capitalizing on earlier, smaller-scale computations. The training set is only a fraction of the multidimensional search space of possible dot sizes and inter-dot spacings. Besides the cases presented in this work, we expect this technique will interest other researchers involved in solving the inverse computational problem of matching spectra to nanostructure morphological properties.
Compact circularly polarized dual band antenna with modified patch for ISM and V2X communication systems
Authors: Ruby E. D. Kanmani , Sathiyapriya T. , Sundaravadivel P. , Kumar D. Rajesh , Kumar Om Prakash , Vincent Shweta , Mane Pallavi R.
Published: February 2025

This paper introduces a novel design and development of a compact circularly polarized antenna operating at two distinct frequency bands, 2.5 GHz and 6 GHz. The innovation lies in using a modified circular patch and a uniquely designed feeding element, which optimize circular polarization performance while maintaining a low-profile form factor. Fabricated on an FR4 substrate with an overall thickness of 1.6 mm and dimensions of 62 mm × 62 mm × 1.6 mm, corresponding to approximately 0.5167λ × 0.5167λ × 0.0133λ at 2.5 GHz, the antenna achieves a compact configuration well-suited for space-constrained applications. Extensive simulations and measurements show close agreement, with axial ratios below 3 dB across both operational bands, ensuring effective circular polarization. The antenna achieves peak gains of 1.8 dBi at 2.5 GHz and 3.8 dBi at 6 GHz, highlighting its ability to combine compactness, dual-band functionality, and strong radiation characteristics. This proposed design provides a groundbreaking solution for Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) and Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication systems, addressing the increasing demand for efficient, dual-band, and space-saving wireless communication solutions.
Sulfate formation through copper-catalyzed SO2 oxidation by NO2 at aerosol surfaces
Authors: Liu Pai , Liu Yu-Xin , Huang Qishen , Chao Xinyue , Zhong Mingrui , Yin Jiayi , Zhang Xiaowu , Li Lin-Fang , Kang Xi-Yuan , Chen Zhe , Pang Shufeng , Wang Weigang , Zhang Yun-Hong , Ge Maofa
Published: February 2025

Severe urban air pollution in China is driven by a synergistic conversion of SO2, NOx, and NH3 into fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Field studies indicated NO2 as an important oxidizer to SO2 in polluted atmospheres with low photochemical reactivity, but this rapid reaction cannot be explained by the aqueous reactive nitrogen chemistry in acidic urban aerosols. Here, using an aerosol optical tweezer and Raman spectroscopy, we show that the multiphase SO2 oxidation by NO2 is accelerated for two-order-of-magnitude by a copper catalyst. This reaction occurs on aerosol surfaces, is independent of pH between 3 and 5, and produces sulfate by a rate of up to 10 µg m-3
air hr-1 when reactive copper reaches a millimolar concentration in aerosol water – typical of severe haze events in North China Plain. Since copper and NO2 are companion emitters in air pollution, they can act synergistically in converting SO2 into sulfate in China’s haze.
Defined culture conditions robustly maintain human stem cell pluripotency, highlighting a role for Ca2+ signaling
Authors: Eidhof Ilse , Ulfenborg Benjamin , Kele Malin , Shahsavani Mansoureh , Winn Dania , Uhlén Per , Falk Anna
Published: February 2025

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have significant potential for disease modeling and cell therapies. However, their wide-spread application has faced challenges, including batch-to-batch variabilities, and notable distinctions when compared to embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Some of these disparities can stem from using undefined culture conditions and the reprogramming procedure, however, the precise mechanisms remain understudied. Here, we compared gene expression data from over 100 iPSC and ESC lines cultivated under undefined and defined conditions. Defined conditions significantly reduced inter-PSC line variability, irrespective of PSC cell type, highlighting the importance of standardization to minimize PSC biases. This variability is concurrent with decreased somatic cell marker and germ layer differentiation gene expression and increased Ca2+-binding protein expression. Moreover, SERCA pump inhibition highlighted an important role for intracellular Ca2+ activity in maintaining pluripotency gene expression under defined conditions. Further understanding of these processes can help standardize and improve defined hPSC culture conditions.
Carbon-coating effect on the performance of photolithographically-structured Si nanowires for lithium-ion microbattery anodes
Authors: Refino Andam Deatama , Yulianto Nursidik , Priyono Slamet , Manawan Maykel , Hernandha Rahmandhika Firdauzha Hary , Adhitama Egy , Kottmeier Jonathan , Dietzel Andreas , Peiner Erwin , Wasisto Hutomo Suryo
Published: February 2025

The applications of three-dimensional Si nanowire anodes in lithium-ion microbatteries have attracted great interest in the realization of high-capacity and integrated energy storage devices for microelectronics. Combining Si nanowires with carbon can improve the anode performance by aiding its mechanical stability during cycling. Here, we incorporate photolithography, cryogenic dry etching, and thermal evaporation as the commonly used methods in semiconductor technologies to fabricate carbon-coated Si nanowire anodes. The addition of amorphous carbon to Si nanowire anodes has an impact on increasing the initial areal capacity. However, a gradual decrease to 0.3 mAh cm−2 at the 100th cycle can be observed. The post-mortem analyses reveal different morphologies of Si nanowire anodes after cycling. It is indicated that carbon coating can help Si nanowires to suppress their volume expansion and reduce the excessively produced amorphous Si granules found in pristine Si nanowire anodes.
The individual determinants of morning dream recall
Authors: Elce Valentina , Bergamo Damiana , Bontempi Giorgia , Pedreschi Bianca , Bellesi Michele , Handjaras Giacomo , Bernardi Giulio
Published: February 2025

Evidence suggests that (almost) everyone dreams during their sleep and may actually do so for a large part of the night. Yet, dream recall shows large interindividual variability. Understanding the factors that influence dream recall is crucial for advancing our knowledge regarding dreams’ origin, significance, and functions. Here, we tackled this issue by prospectively collecting dream reports along with demographic information and psychometric, cognitive, actigraphic, and electroencephalographic measures in 217 healthy adults (18–70 y, 116 female participants, 101 male participants). We found that attitude towards dreaming, proneness to mind wandering, and sleep patterns are associated with the probability of reporting a dream upon morning awakening. The likelihood of recalling dream content was predicted by age and vulnerability to interference. Moreover, dream recall appeared to be influenced by night-by-night changes in sleep patterns and showed seasonal fluctuations. Our results provide an account for previous observations regarding inter- and intra-individual variability in morning dream recall.
Design and development of pH-sensitive nanocarriers using molecularly imprinted polymers for the targeted delivery of sodium thiopental
Authors: Yari-Ilkhchi Ayda , Rafi Abdolrahim Abbaszad , Mahkam Mehrdad
Published: February 2025

This research introduces the design and synthesis of pH-sensitive MIPs, including magnetic, nonmagnetic, and fiber, as targeted nanocarriers for the selective uptake and controlled release of STL molecules in SGF and SIF environments.
Nanoparticles Alter Locust Development and Behaviour
Authors: Sharma Preetam Kumar , Wei Liya , Thakur Atul , Pan Jialing , Chen Chang , Kang Le , Bhalla Nikhil , Soin Navneet
Published: February 2025

Locusts, among the world’s most destructive migratory pests, threaten food security by devastating crops and pastures. Conventional chemical insecticides pose environmental and health risks, highlighting the need for sustainable alternatives....
Prolonged irradiation-induced delayed luminescence of PMMA-dispersed imide compounds containing ether- and thioether-bridged cores
Authors: Doi Marina , Liu Haonan , Ando Shinji
Published: February 2025

Prolonged irradiation-induced delayed luminescence properties of imide compounds dispersed in PMMA were investigated in terms of phosphorescence enhancement by the heavy atom effect and suppression of molecular motion due to the structural rigidity.
Utilization of non-plasticized polymer inclusion membrane for highly selective colorimetric sensor detection of zirconium in environmental samples
Authors: El-Bahy Salah M. , Amin Alaa S. , El-Sayed Refat , Debbabi Khaled F. , Hassan Nader , Aish Mai
Published: February 2025

Schematic representation for the preparation and complexation of Zr(iv) ions on the formed optical sensor.
Formation of self-assembly aggregates in traditional Chinese medicine decoctions and their application in cancer treatments
Authors: Fang Chunqiu , Wang Yinghang , Pan Zhi
Published: February 2025

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formulas, based on the principles of Chinese medicine, have a long history and are widely applied in the treatment of diseases.
Stereochemical expression of Bi 6s2 lone pairs mediates fluoride-ion (De)insertion in tunnel-structured Bi2PdO4 and Bi1.6Pb0.4PtO4
Authors: Agbeworvi George , Pakhira Anindya , Hariyani Shruti , Zaheer Wasif , Giem Alice , Ayala Jaime R. , Ponis John D. , Perez-Beltran Saul , Jaye Cherno , Weiland Conan , Fischer Daniel A. , Bazzi Hassan S. , Al-Hashimi Mohammed , Banerjee Sarbajit
Published: February 2025

An energy storage concept using anions as charge carriers is explored based on solution-phase fluoride-ion insertion in periodic solids. Redox reactions are mediated by d-block centers, whereas Bi3+ lone pairs enable reversible F-ion diffusion.
Feeding Infants on Noninvasive Respiratory Support: Practice at One Academic Medical Center
Authors: Barnes Carolyn K. , Simpson Kit N. , Wilmskoetter Janina , Dooley Mary , Bonilha Heather S.
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

Infants requiring noninvasive respiratory support (NRS) are often orally fed, although data supporting the safety and efficacy of this practice are limited. This study aimed to identify the rate of this practice, the amount of support received during oral feeding, and characteristics of infants orally fed during NRS use; describe feeding expert involvement; and assess change from before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method:

Retrospective electronic health record data from one children's hospital were extracted and manually reviewed.

Results:

Results for 201 infants who required NRS during hospitalization in 2019 (
n
= 100) and 2022 (
n
= 101) were included, of which 91 (45.3%) were orally fed during NRS use. Of these, 33 were fed on high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) with a mean flow rate of 2.75 L per minute (
SD
= 2.2,
Mdn
= 2 [min–max: 2–14]) and mean fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO
2
) of 0.47 (
SD
= 0.31,
Mdn
= 0.30 [min–max: 0.21–1.0]). Thirty-seven feeding specialist consults were placed for infants fed during NRS use. Factors increasing odds of oral feeding during NRS use included not having a dysphagia or feeding difficulty diagnosis. Infants admitted during 2022 were more likely to have a respiratory diagnosis than in 2019 and were more likely to be orally fed during HFNC (50.0% [
n
= 25/50] in 2022 vs. 20.5% [
n
= 8/39] in 2019).

Conclusion:

These results suggest that feeding infants on NRS is common, that some infants are more likely to be orally fed than others, and that feeding experts are rarely consulted in this population despite limited safety and efficacy data related to this practice.
Perception Versus Comprehension of Bound Morphemes in Children Who Are Deaf and Hard of Hearing: The Pivotal Role of Form-Meaning Mapping
Authors: Barcroft Joe , Mauzé Elizabeth , Sommers Mitchell , Spehar Brent , Tye-Murray Nancy
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

Bound morphemes are challenging for children who are deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) to acquire and to use successfully. The challenge arises in part from limited access to spoken word forms as a result of reduced audibility during perception, but successful comprehension requires access to
both
the morphological forms and the mapping between these forms and their meanings. This study investigated the relationship between perception and comprehension of bound morphemes in order to assess the impact of form-meaning mapping on performance.

Method:

Seventy-eight elementary school-age children who are DHH were tested on their perception and comprehension of four bound morphemes: third-person –
s
, possessive
–s
, past tense
–ed,
and plural –
s/es
. During assessment, these appeared in sentences presented using both auditory-only and auditory–visual modalities. The assessment procedure dissociated (a) perception of form using a sentence repetition task from (b) comprehension of meaning based on responses to a two-choice picture discrimination task.

Results:

Analyses both confirmed the reliability of the measures of perception and comprehension and revealed generally higher performance for perception over comprehension. Critically, correlations between perception and comprehension were mostly not significant. Secondary findings included that higher performance for one bound morpheme did not imply higher performance on others and a significant relationship between measures of vocabulary and performance on the bound morpheme tasks.

Conclusions:

The findings of the study highlight the importance of distinguishing between perception versus comprehension of morphological forms. Successful comprehension requires form-meaning mapping, whereas successful perception requires only acquisition of form. Both theoretical and practical implications of the mapping component of speech processing are discussed, including the value of providing programs of auditory training that are meaning-oriented in nature.
Linguistic Skills and Text Reading Comprehension in Prelingually Deaf Readers: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tomazin Marina Olujić , Radošević Tomislav , Hrastinski Iva
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

Despite the considerable scientific interest in researching the reading skills of the deaf population, most of these studies focus on reading comprehension (RC) at the word or sentence level. Such reading activates different underlying language processes than text-level reading, which is more akin to real-life reading literacy. The results of 36 studies on different linguistic skills and their correlation/prediction with text RC of deaf readers are reviewed, taking into account age and two language modalities (spoken language [SpL] and sign language [SL]).

Method:

The studies were systematized and analyzed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 (Page et al., 2021).

Results:

Most reviewed studies (92%) investigated how lexical and phonological skills in SpL relate to RC in deaf people, although there is a lack of studies (33%) investigating the relationship between morphological and syntactic skills in SpL and text-based RC in deaf people. Although results on phonology are quite conflicting, studies of this review consistently confirm that lexical skills are positively related to text RC. Despite only a few published studies on morphological and syntactic skills and RC in deaf readers, the results show strong evidence of their association. This review also provides evidence of a significant cross-modal correlation between SL skills and RC, by showing that in children and adolescents, better phonological skills and receptive vocabulary are associated to better RC, whereas in adults, only studies examining grammatical skills in SL found a significant association with RC in bimodal bilingual deaf readers.

Conclusions:

Lexical knowledge appears to be the primary contributor to text RC in deaf readers, whereas phonological effects remain inconclusive. Although morphological and syntactic competencies' impact warrants further investigation, they demonstrate consistent association with RC. There is also clear evidence of a positive cross-modal relationship between SL skills and RC.
Examination of Occupational Stress, Personality Traits, and Demographics Among U.S. Audiologists
Authors: Bresett Madison , Emanuel Diana C. , Gambino Ashley
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

Recent research suggests that personality traits may be associated with occupational stress for audiologists, but this relationship had not been examined prior to this study.

Method:

The Audiologist Occupational Stress Questionnaire (AOSQ; Severn et al., 2012), informal stress ratings, the Core Self-Evaluations Scale (CSES; Judge et al., 2003), and demographic questions were administered via Qualtrics to 307 U.S. audiologists.

Results:

There was a significant inverse relationship between AOSQ and CSES scores indicating that positive personality traits were associated with lower occupational stress scores. Occupational stress was related to certain demographics, including years of experience, level of business involvement, and percent of time spent in direct patient care. Informal ratings indicated participants who reported high stress level for an “average day” reported high stress levels also for their “worst day.” AOSQ scores were significantly correlated with informal ratings, suggesting informal questions could provide a quick indicator of stress level to monitor audiologists' stress. Stress themes that emerged from qualitative analyses were Workload, Lack of Support, Patients, Administration, Financials, and Changes to Audiology.

Conclusions:

Personality traits were related to occupational stress, suggesting an assessment of personality traits, plus certain work-related demographics, may provide an early indicator of audiologists at risk for high levels of occupational stress. Stress themes and current strategies used by audiologists that were identified in this study provide an indication of areas in which individuals, the profession, and employers could focus efforts toward improving audiologists' well-being.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28318973
LavAtmos 2.0. Incorporating volatile species in vaporisation models
Authors: van Buchem C.P.A. , Zilinskas M. , Miguel Y. , van Westrenen W.
Published: February 2025

Due to strong irradiation, hot rocky exoplanets are able to sustain lava oceans. Direct interaction between these oceans and overlying atmospheres can provide insight into planetary interiors. In order to fully understand how the composition of the atmosphere of such planets are affected by the properties of the oceans, comprehensive chemical equilibrium models are required. Thus far, most models have only taken non-volatile species into account when calculating lava vaporisation. We investigate the effect of including C-, H-, N-, S-, and P-bearing species in the equilibrium lava vaporisation calculations on the overall atmospheric composition of hot rocky exoplanets by expanding our LavAtmos code. We calculated the O_2 partial pressure which satisfies both the laws of mass action and mass conservation in a system that contains both melt species and volatile elements. We integrated the chemical equilibrium code FastChem to expand the number of considered gas phase species to 523. We applied this new approach to calculate the composition of “pure” atmospheres which contain only C, H, N, S, or P and of more complex atmospheres which contain all five aforementioned elements. We also tested two proposed compositions for the atmosphere of 55-Cnc e. We find that the inclusion of volatile elements in vaporisation calculations increases the partial pressures of vaporised species (SiO, SiO_2, Na, and K) compared to volatile-free vaporisation for all tested atmospheric compositions. Moreover, including volatile species in the vaporisation reactions leads to a significantly greater O abundance in the atmosphere than in the volatile-free vaporisation case, which influences partial pressures of key volatile species such as CO_2 and H_2O. When testing the compositions proposed for 55-Cnc e, we find that a low C/O ratio could potentially serve as an indication of the presence of a surface lava ocean on an ultra-short-period planet with a volatile atmosphere. Volatile elements must be taken into account for comprehensive modelling of vaporisation from a surface lava ocean into a volatile atmosphere.
X-Shooting ULLYSES: Massive stars at low metallicity. X. Physical parameters and feedback of massive stars in the LMC N11 B star-forming region
Authors: Gómez-González V.M.A. , Oskinova L.M. , Hamann W.-R. , Todt H. , Pauli D. , Reyero Serantes S. , Bernini-Peron M. , Sander A.A.C. , Ramachandran V. , Vink J.S. , Crowther P.A. , Berlanas S.R. , ud-Doula A. , Gormaz-Matamala A.C. , Kehrig C. , Kuiper R. , Leitherer C. , Mahy L. , McLeod A.F. , Mehner A. , Morrell N. , Shenar T. , Telford O.G. , van Loon J. Th. , Tramper F. , Wofford A.
Published: February 2025

Massive stars drive the ionization and mechanical feedback within young star-forming regions. The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is an ideal galaxy for studying individual massive stars and quantifying their feedback contribution to the environment. We analyze eight exemplary targets in LMC N11,B from the Hubble UV Legacy Library of Young Stars as Essential Standards (ULLYSES) program using novel spectra from and in the UV, and from VLT ( in the optical. We model the spectra of early to late O-type stars using state-of-the-art PoWR atmosphere models. We determine the stellar and wind parameters (e.g. L_⋆ and varv ∞ $) of the analyzed objects, chemical abundances (C, N, and O), ionizing and mechanical feedback ( and and X-rays. We report ages of $2-4.5$ Myr and masses of $30-60$ for the analyzed stars in N11,B, which are consistent with a scenario of sequential star formation. We note that the observed wind-momentum--luminosity relation is consistent with theoretical predictions. We detect nitrogen enrichment by up to a factor of seven in most of the stars. However, we do not find a correlation between nitrogen enrichment and projected rotational velocity. Finally, based on their spectral type, we estimate the total ionizing photons injected from the O-type stars in N11,B into its environment. We report log (∑ ph,s^-1, log (∑ ph,s^-1, and log (∑ ph,s^-1, consistent with the total ionizing budget in N11.
Nervensystem im Lotussitz – Einfluss von Yoga auf das Vegetativum
Authors: Braun Lena , Völker Daniel
Published: February 2025

Langanhaltender Stress beeinträchtigt nicht nur unser mentales Wohlbefinden, sondern hat auch tiefgreifende Auswirkungen auf unseren Körper. Yoga bietet als ergänzende Therapie eine effektive Unterstützung im Praxisalltag. Dabei wirkt die traditionelle Lehre nicht nur auf die Muskulatur, sondern reguliert auch das vegetative Nervensystem und somit das Stressempfinden.
Kleiner Gesetzgeber mit großem Einfluss – Gemeinsamer Bundesausschuss
Authors: Czernik Claudia
Published: February 2025

Der Gemeinsame Bundesausschuss, kurz G-BA, soll sicherstellen, dass die Versorgung von gesetzlich Versicherten qualitätsgesichert und kosteneffektiv ist sowie gemäß dem medizinischen Fortschritt erfolgt. Dabei entscheidet er etwa, ob Leistungen von der Krankenkasse übernommen werden.
Sensor- und markerlose Ganganalyse – Smartgait: KI-basierte Ganganalyse aus Smartphone-Videoaufnahmen
Authors: Barzyk Philipp
Published: February 2025

Die Bandbreite neurologisch bedingter Gangstörungen reicht von leichten Unsicherheiten beim Gehen bis hin zu schwerwiegenden Beeinträchtigungen, die unter anderem das Sturzrisiko deutlich erhöhen. Neben klinischen Gehtests gibt es gute technologiebasierte Ganganalysesysteme. Jedoch werden sie aufgrund des damit verbundenen Mehraufwands nur selten genutzt. Einfachere Alternativen sollten kostengünstig, mobil und benutzerfreundlich sein und beispielsweise mit dem Smartphone erfolgen können.
Zwischen Ethik und Wohlergehen – Der Placeboeffekt in der Physiotherapie
Authors: Kiesele Julian
Published: February 2025

Jede Therapie – unabhängig von ihrer nachgewiesenen Wirksamkeit – beinhaltet Placeboeffekte. Dabei spielen nicht nur die Überzeugungen der Patient*innen eine Rolle. Kennt man die beeinflussbaren Faktoren, kann man jede Therapie wirksamer gestalten. Aber Achtung: Das kann durchaus ethische Konflikte auslösen.
Künstliche Intelligenz und Machine Learning in der Auskultation – ein Ausblick auf das Projekt DigitaLung
Authors: Hilberink Luca , Wehage Pia , Pashai Fakhri Milad , Gaedcke Svenja , DeLuca David , Mattis Patricia , Rademacher Jessica
Published: February 2025

Die Auskultation ist eine der ärztlichen Schlüsselkompetenzen in der körperlichen Untersuchung. Hauptproblem der Auskultation ist die fehlende Objektivierbarkeit der Befunde und die große Abhängigkeit von der Erfahrung des Untersuchenden. Die Auskultation mittels Machine Learning und mithilfe neuronaler Netzwerke verspricht großes Potenzial für die Lösung dieser Probleme im klinischen Alltag.

Es erfolgte eine selektive Recherche nach Studien in PubMed, anhand derer die Möglichkeiten des Machine Learnings in der medizinischen Diagnostik sichtbar werden.

In allen detektierten Studien konnten signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den jeweiligen Testgruppen zugunsten der Künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) gezeigt werden. Neben den positiven Studienergebnissen konnten auch die Limitationen der KI analysiert und kritisch hinterfragt werden.

Die medizinische Forschung befindet sich auf dem Gebiet der Künstlichen Intelligenz noch in den Anfängen. Perspektiven und Grenzen der KI müssen weiter untersucht werden und bedürfen großer Aufmerksamkeit in der Zusammenarbeit von Klinikern, Wissenschaftlern und KI-Experten. Öffentlich geförderte Projekte wie DigitaLung (Digitales Auskultationssystem zur Differenzialdiagnose von Lungenerkrankungen mittels Machine Learning), welches mittels KI die Lungenauskultation perspektivisch verbessern soll, helfen dabei, den diagnostischen Nutzen der KI für die Patientenversorgung zu erschließen, und könnten in Zukunft Möglichkeiten die Versorgung verbessern.
Occurrence of antibody titers against Borna disease virus in alpacas
in Bavaria, Germany
Authors: Kirmayer Leonie Isabelle , Lendl Christine , Wittek Thomas
Published: February 2025

The increasing population of alpacas in Germany requires comprehensive
studies on potential disease. Borna Disease, an infection believed to be
primarily transmitted by the bicolored, white-toothed- shrew (Crocidura
leucodon) to animals and humans, poses significant concerns. This
study aimed to assess the occurrence of Borna Disease virus (BoDV)
antibodies in alpacas in Bavaria, Germany, and explore associated
epidemiological factors.

A total of 424 serum samples were collected from 65 alpaca farms in Bavaria,
which were selected voluntarily. In addition, questionnaires were filled out
by the animal owners gathering information on husbandry and disease
awareness of the owners.

The results revealed an occurrence rate of nearly 9%, with one in every
fourth farm housing at least one antibody-positive animal. While no
significant differences were observed in breed, age, or gender, regional
endemic areas were identified, coinciding with the presence of the
shrew.

This study underscores the widespread occurrence of BoDV antibodies in
alpacas in Bavaria, emphasizing the importance of hygiene management and
increased awareness of the disease among animal owners and
veterinarians.