bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OSSOS. IX. Two Objects in Neptune's 9:1 Resonance—Implications for Resonance Sticking in the Scattering Population
Authors: Volk Kathryn , Murray-Clay Ruth A. , Gladman Brett J. , Lawler Samantha M. , Yu Tze Yeung Mathew , Alexandersen Mike , Bannister Michele T. , Chen 陳英 Ying-Tung 同 , Dawson Rebekah I. , Greenstreet Sarah , Gwyn Stephen D. J. , Kavelaars J. J. , Lin 林省 Hsing Wen 文 , Lykawka Patryk Sofia , Petit Jean-Marc
Published: June 2018

We discuss the detection in the Outer Solar System Origins Survey (OSSOS) of two objects in Neptune’s distant 9:1 mean motion resonance at semimajor axis a ≈ 130 au. Both objects are securely resonant on 10 Myr timescales, with one securely in the 9:1 resonance’s leading asymmetric libration island and the other in either the symmetric or trailing asymmetric island. These objects are the largest semimajor axis objects with secure resonant classifications, and their detection in a carefully characterized survey allows for the first robust resonance population estimate beyond 100 au. The detection of these objects implies a 9:1 resonance population of 1.1 × 104 objects with H

r
 < 8.66 (D ≳ 100 km) on similar orbits (95% confidence range of ∼(0.4–3) × 104). Integrations over 4 Gyr of an ensemble of clones spanning these objects’ orbit-fit uncertainties reveal that they both have median resonance occupation timescales of ∼1 Gyr. These timescales are consistent with the hypothesis that these objects originate in the scattering population but became transiently stuck to Neptune’s 9:1 resonance within the last ∼1 Gyr of solar system evolution. Based on simulations of a model of the current scattering population, we estimate the expected resonance sticking population in the 9:1 resonance to be 1000–4500 objects with H

r
 < 8.66; this is marginally consistent with the OSSOS 9:1 population estimate. We conclude that resonance sticking is a plausible explanation for the observed 9:1 population, but we also discuss the possibility of a primordial 9:1 population, which would have interesting implications for the Kuiper Belt’s dynamical history.
OGLE-2015-BLG-1459L: The Challenges of Exo-moon Microlensing
Authors: Hwang K.-H. , Udalski A. , Bond I. A. , Albrow M. D. , Chung S.-J. , Gould A. , Han C. , Jung Y. K. , Ryu Y.-H. , Shin I.-G. , Yee J. C. , Zhu W. , Cha S.-M. , Kim D.-J. , Kim H.-W. , Kim S.-L. , Lee C.-U. , Lee D.-J. , Lee Y. , Park B.-G. , Pogge R. W. ,   (KMTNet Collaboration), Pawlak M. , Poleski R. , Szymański M. K. , Skowron J. , Soszyński I. , Mróz P. , Kozłowski S. , Pietrukowicz P. , Ulaczyk K. ,   (OGLE Collaboration), Abe F. , Asakura Y. , Barry R. , Bennett D. P. , Bhattacharya A. , Donachie M. , Evans P. , Fukui A. , Hirao Y. , Itow Y. , Kawasaki K. , Koshimoto N. , Li M. C. A. , Ling C. H. , Masuda K. , Matsubara Y. , Miyazaki S. , Muraki Y. , Nagakane M. , Ohnishi K. , Ranc C. , Rattenbury N. J. , Saito To. , Sharan A. , Sullivan D. J. , Sumi T. , Suzuki D. , Tristram P. J. , Yamada T. , Yamada T. , Yonehara A. ,   (MOA Collaboration)
Published: June 2018

We show that dense OGLE and KMTNet I-band survey data require four bodies (sources plus lenses) to explain the microlensing light curve of OGLE-2015-BLG-1459. However, these can equally well consist of three lenses and one source (3L1S), two lenses and two sources (2L2S), or one lens and three sources (1L3S). In the 3L1S and 2L2S interpretations, the host is a brown dwarf and the dominant companion is a Neptune-class planet, with the third body (in the 3L1S case) being a Mars-class object that could have been a moon of the planet. In the 1L3S solution, the light curve anomalies are explained by a tight (five stellar radii) low-luminosity binary source that is offset from the principal source of the event by

. These degeneracies are resolved in favor of the 1L3S solution by color effects derived from comparison to MOA data, which are taken in a slightly different (R/I) passband. To enable current and future (WFIRST) surveys to routinely characterize exo-moons and distinguish among such exotic systems requires an observing strategy that includes both a cadence faster than 9 minute−1 and observations in a second band on a similar timescale.
Orbital Characteristics of the Subdwarf-B and F V Star Binary EC 20117-4014 (=V4640 Sgr)
Authors: Otani T. , Oswalt T. D. , Lynas-Gray A. E. , Kilkenny D. , Koen C. , Amaral M. , Jordan R.
Published: June 2018

Among the competing evolution theories for subdwarf-B (sdB) stars is the binary evolution scenario. EC 20117-4014 (=V4640 Sgr) is a spectroscopic binary system consisting of a pulsating sdB star and a late F main-sequence companion; however, the period and the orbit semimajor axes have not been precisely determined. This paper presents orbital characteristics of the EC 20117-4014 binary system using 20 years of photometric data. Periodic observed minus calculated (O–C) variations were detected in the two highest-amplitude pulsations identified in the EC 20117-4014 power spectrum, indicating the binary system’s precise orbital period (P = 792.3 days) and the light-travel-time amplitude (A = 468.9 s). This binary shows no significant orbital eccentricity, and the upper limit of the eccentricity is 0.025 (using 3σ as an upper limit). This upper limit of the eccentricity is the lowest among all wide sdB binaries with known orbital parameters. This analysis indicated that the sdB is likely to have lost its hydrogen envelope through stable Roche lobe overflow, thus supporting hypotheses for the origin of sdB stars. In addition to those results, the underlying pulsation period change obtained from the photometric data was

P

˙

 = 5.4 (±0.7) × 10−14 d d−1, which shows that the sdB is just before the end of the core helium-burning phase.
Thermodynamic Properties of the Inverse Evershed Flow at Its Downflow Points
Authors: Choudhary D. P. , Beck C.
Published: June 2018

We used spectropolarimetric observations of a sunspot in the active region NOAA 11809 in the Ca ii line at 854.2 nm taken with the SpectroPolarimeter for Optical and Infrared Regions at the Dunn Solar Telescope to infer thermodynamic parameters along 100 super-penumbral fibrils that harbor the inverse Evershed flow. The fibrils were identified in line-of-sight (LOS) velocity and line–core intensity maps. The chromospheric LOS velocity abruptly decreases from 3 to 15 km s−1 to zero at the inner footpoints of the fibrils that are located from the mid penumbra to about 1.4 spot radii. The spectra often show multiple absorption components, indicating spatially or vertically unresolved structures. Synthetic spectra with a 100% fill factor of a flow channel in the upper atmosphere yield strongly asymmetric profiles but no multiple separate components. The line–core intensity always peaks slightly closer to the umbra than the LOS velocity. Using the CAlcium Inversion using a Spectral ARchive code, we find that the fibrils make an angle of 30°–60° to the local vertical away from the umbra. The temperature near the downflow points is enhanced by 200 K at log

and up to 2000 K at log τ ∼ (−6) compared to the quiet Sun, without any signature in the low photosphere. Our results are consistent with a critical, i.e., sonic, or supersonic siphon flow along super-penumbral flux tubes in which accelerating plasma abruptly attains subcritical velocity through a standing shock in or near the penumbra.
A VLA Study of High-redshift GRBs. II. The Complex Radio Afterglow of GRB 140304A: Shell Collisions and Two Reverse Shocks
Authors: Laskar Tanmoy , Berger Edo , Margutti Raffaella , Zauderer B. Ashley , Williams Peter K. G. , Fong Wen-fai , Sari Re’em , Alexander Kate D. , Kamble Atish
Published: June 2018

We present detailed multifrequency, multiepoch radio observations of GRB 140304A at z = 5.283 from 1 to 86 GHz and from 0.45 to 89 days. The radio and millimeter data exhibit unusual multiple spectral components, which cannot be simply explained by standard forward and reverse shock scenarios. Through detailed multiwavelength analysis spanning radio to X-rays, we constrain the forward shock parameters to E
k,iso ≈ 4.9 × 1054 erg,

A

*

 ≈ 2.6 × 10−2,

ϵ

e

 ≈ 2.5 × 10−2,

ϵ

B

 ≈ 5.9 × 10−2, p ≈ 2.6, and

θ

jet

 ≈ 1.°1, yielding a beaming-corrected γ-ray and kinetic energy,

E

γ

 ≈ 2.3 × 1049 erg and

E

K

 ≈ 9.5 × 1050 erg, respectively. We model the excess radio emission as due to a combination of a late-time reverse shock (RS) launched by a shell collision, which also produces a rebrightening in the X-rays at ≈0.26 days, and either a standard RS or diffractive interstellar scintillation (ISS). Under the standard RS interpretation, we invoke consistency arguments between the forward and reverse shocks to derive a deceleration time, t
dec ≈ 100 s, the ejecta Lorentz factor, Γ(t
dec) ≈ 300, and a low RS magnetization, R
B ≈ 0.6. Our observations highlight both the power of radio observations in capturing RS emission and thus constraining the properties of GRB ejecta and central engines and the challenge presented by ISS in conclusively identifying RS emission in GRB radio afterglows.
MHD Simulation for Investigating the Dynamic State Transition Responsible for a Solar Eruption in Active Region 12158
Authors: Lee Hwanhee , Magara Tetsuya
Published: June 2018

We present a magnetohydrodynamic model of solar eruption based on the dynamic state transition from the quasi-static state to the eruptive state of an active region (AR) magnetic field. For the quasi-static state before an eruption, we consider the existence of a slow solar wind originating from an AR, which may continuously make the AR magnetic field deviate from mechanical equilibrium. In this model, we perform a three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulation of AR 12158 producing a coronal mass ejection, where the initial magnetic structure of the simulation is given by a nonlinear force-free field derived from an observed photospheric vector magnetic field. We then apply a pressure-driven outflow to the upper part of the magnetic structure to achieve a quasi-static pre-eruptive state. The simulation shows that the eruptive process observed in this AR may be caused by the dynamic state transition of an AR magnetic field, which is essentially different from the destabilization of a static magnetic field. The dynamic state transition is determined from the shape evolution of the magnetic field line according to the
κH-mechanism. This work demonstrates how the mechanism works to produce a solar eruption in the dynamic solar corona governed by the gravitational field and the continuous outflows of solar wind.
Asteroseismology of 16,000 Kepler Red Giants: Global Oscillation Parameters, Masses, and Radii
Authors: Yu Jie , Huber Daniel , Bedding Timothy R. , Stello Dennis , Hon Marc , Murphy Simon J. , Khanna Shourya
Published: June 2018

The Kepler mission has provided exquisite data to perform an ensemble asteroseismic analysis on evolved stars. In this work we systematically characterize solar-like oscillations and granulation for 16,094 oscillating red giants, using end-of-mission long-cadence data. We produced a homogeneous catalog of the frequency of maximum power (typical uncertainty

), the mean large frequency separation (

), oscillation amplitude (

), granulation power (

), power excess width (

), seismically derived stellar mass (

), radius (

), and thus surface gravity (

dex). Thanks to the large red giant sample, we confirm that red-giant-branch (RGB) and helium-core-burning (HeB) stars collectively differ in the distribution of oscillation amplitude, granulation power, and width of power excess, which is mainly due to the mass difference. The distribution of oscillation amplitudes shows an extremely sharp upper edge at fixed

, which might hold clues for understanding the excitation and damping mechanisms of the oscillation modes. We find that both oscillation amplitude and granulation power depend on metallicity, causing a spread of 15% in oscillation amplitudes and a spread of 25% in granulation power from [Fe/H] = −0.7 to 0.5 dex. Our asteroseismic stellar properties can be used as reliable distance indicators and age proxies for mapping and dating galactic stellar populations observed by Kepler. They will also provide an excellent opportunity to test asteroseismology using Gaia parallaxes, and lift degeneracies in deriving atmospheric parameters in large spectroscopic surveys such as APOGEE and LAMOST.
HCN J = 4–3, HNC J = 1–0, H13CN J = 1–0, and HC3N J = 10–9 Maps of the Galactic Center Region. I. Spatially Resolved Measurements of Physical Conditions and Chemical Composition
Authors: Tanaka Kunihiko , Nagai Makoto , Kamegai Kazuhisa , Iino Takahiro , Sakai Takeshi
Published: June 2018

This supplement paper presents the maps of HCN J = 4–3, HNC J = 1–0,

J = 1–0, and HC3N J = 10–9 for the Galactic central molecular zone (CMZ), which have been obtained using the Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment and Nobeyama Radio Observatory 45 m telescope. Three-dimensional maps (2D in space and 1D in velocity) of the gas kinetic temperature (T
kin), hydrogen volume density (

), and fractional abundances of eight molecules (HCN, HNC,

, HCO+,

, SiO, CS, and

) have been constructed from our and archival data. We have developed a method with hierarchical Bayesian inference for this analysis, which has successfully suppressed the artificial correlations among the parameters created by systematic errors due to the deficiency in the simple one-zone excitation analysis and the calibration uncertainty. The typical values of T
kin and

are

and

, respectively, and the presence of an additional cold, low-density component is also indicated. The distribution of high-temperature regions is poorly correlated with known active star-forming regions, while a few of them coincide with shocked clouds. Principal component analysis has identified two distinct groups in the eight analyzed molecules: one group with large PC1 and PC2 scores, and the other with a large T
kin dependence, which could be explained using two regimes of shock chemistry with fast (

) and slow (

) velocity shocks, respectively. This supports the idea that the mechanical sputtering of dust grains and the mechanical heating play primary roles in the chemical and thermal processes in CMZ clouds.
New Fusarium species from the Kruger National Park, South Africa
Authors: Sandoval-Denis Marcelo , Swart Wijnand J. , Crous Pedro W.
Published: June 2018

Three new Fusarium species, F.convolutans, F.fredkrugeri, and F.transvaalense (Ascomycota, Hypocreales, Nectriaceae) are described from soils collected in a catena landscape on a research supersite in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. The new taxa, isolated from the rhizosphere of three African herbaceous plants, Kyphocarpaangustifolia, Melhaniaacuminata, and Sidacordifolia, are described and illustrated by means of morphological and multilocus molecular analyses based on sequences from five DNA loci (CAL, EF-1 α, RPB1, RPB2 and TUB). According to phylogenetic inference based on Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian approaches, the newly discovered species are distributed in the Fusariumbuharicum, F.fujikuroi, and F.sambucinum species complexes.
Ankylosing Spondylitis Is Associated with Increased Prevalence of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Authors: Midtbø Helga , Gerdts Eva , Berg Inger Jorid , Rollefstad Silvia , Jonsson Roland , Semb Anne Grete
Published: June 2018

Objective.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy is a strong precursor for clinical CVD. The aim of our study was to assess whether having AS was associated with increased prevalence of LV hypertrophy.

Methods.

Clinical and echocardiographic data from 139 AS patients and 126 age- and sex-matched controls was used. LV mass was calculated according to guidelines and indexed to height2.7. LV hypertrophy was considered present if LV mass index was > 49.2 g/m2.7 in men and > 46.7 g/m2.7 in women.

Results.

Patients with AS were on average 49 ± 12 years old, and 60% were men. The prevalence of hypertension (HTN; 35% vs 41%) and diabetes (5% vs 2%) was similar among patients and controls, while patients with AS had higher serum C-reactive protein level (CRP; p < 0.001). The prevalence of LV hypertrophy was higher in patients with AS compared to controls (15% vs 6%, p = 0.01). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, having AS was associated with OR 6.3 (95% CI 2.1–19.3, p = 0.001) of having LV hypertrophy independent of the presence of HTN, diabetes, and obesity. In multivariable linear regression analyses, having AS was also associated with higher LV mass (β 0.15, p = 0.007) after adjusting for CVD risk factors including sex, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, and serum CRP (multiple R2 = 0.41, p < 0.001).

Conclusion.

Having AS was associated with increased prevalence of LV hypertrophy independent of CVD risk factors. This finding strengthens the indication for thorough CVD risk assessment in patients with AS.
L’exécution des décisions de la Cour internationale de justice en matière de délimitation maritime
Authors: Edynak Elsa
Published: June 2018

Avec l’extension vers le large des zones maritimes par la Convention des Nations unies sur le droit de la mer, les délimitations maritimes ont occasionné un contentieux non négligeable devant la Cour internationale de justice. Paradoxalement, malgré la sensibilité des enjeux économiques, politiques, stratégiques, historiques et environnementaux majeurs qui sous-tendent l’établissement de ces limites, on remarque que les décisions de la CIJ en la matière sont exécutées de façon satisfaisante par les parties au différend. Un premier élément de réponse à ce bilan positif se trouve dans le fait que la volonté des États en litige influe sur l’ensemble de la procédure juridictionnelle et ses suites. Par ailleurs, l’encadrement de la marge de manœuvre de cette même volonté étatique assure une exécution de bonne foi. Cela permet par conséquent de mettre réellement fin aux rancœurs que peut susciter un tel différend et ainsi, d’assurer l’effectivité de la justice internationale.
Rio + 20 : un sommet délétère ? Les désillusions de la conférence des Nations unies sur le développement durable des 20-22 juin 2012
Authors: Guillot Philippe Ch.-A.
Published: June 2018

Les réactions « à chaud » à la publication de la déclaration finale de la Conférence des Nations unies sur le développement durable ont fait étalage de profondes désillusions et déceptions. Après avoir rappelé comment est apparu le concept de développement durable, présenté son interprétation par le sommet de la Terre, réuni à Rio de Janeiro en 1992, et interprété son évolution jusqu’au sommet Rio + 20, cet article analyse la déclaration finale qui confère aux principes juridiques sur lesquels s’appuie le développement durable le caractère de principes du droit international général et comporte quelques avancées. En revanche, la notion d’économie verte destinée à revitaliser le concept de développement durable a été vidée de sa substance et les progrès attendus en matière de gouvernance ne sont pas au rendez-vous car la déclaration revient à des schémas classiques de coopération intergouvernementale. Enfin, il traite de certaines omissions de la déclaration (protection du milieu marin, accès à l’eau, déplacés environnementaux).
Les discours sur l’hérédité et la reproduction
Authors: Brandt Christina
Published: June 2018

Ernst Haeckel fait partie d’un groupe de biologistes qui, au xixe siècle, ont développé une conception de l’hérédité en réaction à la théorie darwinienne de l’évolution. Déjà dans sa Generelle Morphologie (1866), Haeckel avait élaboré des lois de l’hérédité qu’il continua à discuter dans sa Natürliche Schöpfungsgeschichte (1868) ainsi que dans sa Perigenesis der Plastidule (1876). Cet article analyse l’approche de Haeckel dans le contexte des théories de l’évolution émergentes vers la fin du xixe siècle. On suit ici les différentes pistes de l’approche haeckelienne : des perspectives évolutionnaires s’étendant de Lamarck jusqu’à Darwin ont été mêlées à des concepts de la reproduction et de la croissance et s’enrichirent aussi de nombreuses métaphores culturelles et littéraires.
Le « chaînon manquant »
Authors: Hufnagel Henning
Published: June 2018

The works of Ernst Haeckel are characterised by visual and aesthetic qualities that inspired many writers and artists. Haeckel, on the contrary, was hardly interested in art as such and even less in literature. In the first part of the contribution, I examine the argumentative role of aesthetics in Haeckel’s works and I discuss the question why Haeckel never developed an explicit literary aesthetics within his “monistic” philosophy. In the second part, I present a reading of the essay-manifest Die naturwissenschaftlichen Grundlagen der Poesie (“The scientific foundations of poetry”) by Wilhelm Bölsche, Haeckel’s populariser. I argue that the programme Bölsche develops can be seen as Haeckel’s “missing” literary aesthetics.
Regards sur la chinoiserie au milieu du xviiie siècle à Québec : les décors de papier peint de la maison Estèbe
Authors: Hamel Nathalie
Published: June 2018

Cet article se construit autour d’un papier peint à motifs de chinoiserie, mis au jour en 1946 dans une maison du quartier ancien de la ville de Québec (Canada). Il examine ses techniques de fabrication, ses motifs ainsi que son mode d’installation. Ce papier peint est analysé en fonction du contexte de sa découverte et mis en relation avec les collections archéologiques retrouvées dans le sous-sol de la résidence. Se rencontrent ainsi ethnologie, histoire et archéologie afin d’ouvrir une fenêtre sur l’univers domestique du milieu du xviiie siècle à Québec.
L’art délicat du raffinage du sucre : la discrète évolution des techniques (France, fin xviie-fin xviiie siècle)
Authors: Villeret Maud
Published: June 2018

Alors qu’à la fin du xviie siècle, le royaume de France importait du sucre raffiné en provenance d’Europe du Nord, en particulier des Provinces-Unies, à la fin du xviiie siècle, les raffineurs sont parvenus à satisfaire les besoins des consommateurs français. Grâce aux encouragements de l’État, à l’arrivée d’ouvriers étrangers qualifiés et à l’audace de certains négociants, le royaume de France est désormais auto-suffisant et la technique du raffinage maîtrisée. L’objectif de cette contribution est de comprendre comment le savoir-faire a été assimilé par les entrepreneurs français et comment les techniques ont évolué pour répondre à la demande croissante.
La pirogue et le grenier
Authors: Darmangeat Christophe
Published: June 2018

Alain Testart a montré, il y a une trentaine d’années, que l’apparition des inégalités socio-économiques et de la richesse (définie par les paiements de mariage ou la compensation pour meurtre) n’est pas corrélée à l’agriculture, mais au stockage alimentaire. Cet article réexamine cette assertion à la lumière des rares sociétés à paiements qui, en raison de conditions écologiques particulières, ne pratiquent pas un tel stockage, en suggérant que la variable clé de la transition aux paiements est la production d’une catégorie particulière de biens.
Portraits des protagonistes de la Déclaration Balfour
Authors: Boukara Philippe
Published: June 2018

Arthur Balfour (1848-1930)Lord Arthur Balfour est l’un des principaux hommes d’État britanniques des années 1900-1930. Premier ministre, puis secrétaire au Foreign Office, il est un des leaders du parti conservateur, parfois en coalition avec les libéraux. Ses relations avec le sionisme, commencées à Manchester en 1906 et approfondies dans le contexte de la Déclaration du 2 novembre 1917, ont fait de lui et de sa famille un véritable lieu de mémoire.Lord Lionel Walter Rothschild (1868‑1937)Le destinataire de la Déclaration Balfour est un des héritiers de la prestigieuse famille de banquiers, dont la branche anglaise a été jusque‑là très prudente en matière de sionisme. À la demande de Chaïm Weizmann, il participe aux démarches préliminaires à la Déclaration. L’homme est en fait un passionné de zoologie, dont les collections exceptionnelles sont aujourd’hui rattachées au British Museum.Chaïm Weizmann (1874‑1952)Le principal négociateur sioniste de la Déclaration Balfour est un professeur de chimie de l’université de Manchester, né dans un shtetl de Biélorussie et représentatif d’une élite intellectuelle disciple de Ahad Ha’am. Entouré d’universitaires et ami des hommes d’affaires, il a su trouver les moyens de concrétiser la coopération anglo-sioniste à travers des travaux constructifs en Palestine, notamment dans le domaine scientifique et culturel qu’il privilégiait. La rupture de cette coopération l’a placé en porte-à-faux, mais il a laissé sa marque sur l’État né en 1948.Un acteur français méconnu de la Déclaration Balfour : Charles Dreyfus (1848-1935)Ce chimiste juif alsacien a créé à Manchester une industrie textile florissante et novatrice. Il a embauché le jeune chimiste Chaïm Weizmann et a mis à son service ses relations étendues avec la classe dirigeante locale et nationale, notamment avec Arthur Balfour dont il était un important soutien. Sa personnalité et celles de ses proches sont hautes en couleur.
L’Alliance israélite universelle et le sionisme (1914-1919)
Authors: Nicault Catherine
Published: June 2018

En 1914, les hommes de l’Alliance israélite universelle, fervents partisans de l’Émancipation à la française, estiment que la guerre sonnera le glas du mouvement sioniste et de son projet national pour les Juifs. Or, non seulement il n’en est rien, mais les sionistes conduits par Chaïm Weizmann obtiennent des Britanniques, en novembre 1917, la Déclaration Balfour, base du futur Foyer national juif. Cet article se propose de retracer les différentes phases de la bataille décisive que l’Alliance a discrètement livrée et perdue contre le sionisme aux côtés de plusieurs organisations du judaïsme occidental, en particulier du Jewish Conjoint Committee de Londres et de son directeur Lucien Wolf.
La Déclaration Balfour, du « triomphe juif » au réveil du nationalisme arabe (1917-1920). Entre illusions et malentendus ?
Authors: Rota Olivier
Published: June 2018

Cet article avance que ce sont les circonstances – mais aussi les malentendus – de l’année 1917 qui ont permis au sionisme d’obtenir des garanties du gouvernement britannique ; de la même façon que ce sont d’autres malentendus qui ont conduit à la prise en compte tardive de l’opposition arabe au projet sioniste. Le contexte confus de la Grande Guerre, le manque d’information, mais aussi les illusions, participèrent grandement à l’élaboration de la Déclaration Balfour, tout comme ils expliquent l’effondrement rapide des relations entre sionistes et Arabes après cette date.
« La vieillesse ne signifie pas la fin, mais la moisson »
Authors: Lerousseau Andrée
Published: June 2018

Consacré au Nelly‑Sachs‑Haus, maison de retraite de la communauté juive de Düsseldorf, l’article s’attache d’une part à montrer l’attention particulière portée au respect de la tradition juive et des valeurs du judaïsme dans ce lieu d’écoute et de dialogue, et d’autre part à récolter et à relayer la parole (ou les silences) des membres d’une génération fortement marquée par l’histoire.
Making a Connection: Family Experiences With Bedside Rounds in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Cody Shawn E. , Sullivan-Bolyai Susan , Reid-Ponte Patricia
Published: June 2018

Background

The hospitalization of a family member in an intensive care unit can be stressful for the family. Family bedside rounds is a way for the care team to inform family members, answer questions, and involve them in care decisions. The experiences of family members with intensive care unit bedside rounds have been examined in few studies.

Objectives

To describe (1) the experiences of family members of patients in the intensive care unit who participated in family bedside rounds (ie, view of the illness, role in future management, and long-term consequences on individual and family functioning) and (2) the experiences of families who chose not to participate in family bedside rounds and their perspectives regarding its value, their illness view, and future involvement in care.

Methods

A qualitative descriptive study was done, undergirded by the Family Management Style Framework, examining families that participated and those that did not.

Results

Most families that participated (80%) found the process helpful. One overarching theme, Making a Connection: Comfort and Confidence, emerged from participating families. Two major factors influenced how that connection was made: consistency and preparing families for the future. Three types of consistency were identified: consistency in information being shared, in when rounds were being held, and in informing families of rounding delays. In terms of preparing families for the future, families appeared to feel comfortable with the situation when a connection was present. When any of the factors were missing, families described feelings of anger, frustration, and fear. Family members who did not participate described similar feelings and fear of the unknown because of not having participated.

Conclusion

What health care providers say to patients’ families matters. Families may need to be included in decision-making with honest, consistent, easy-to-understand information.
New Nutrition Guidelines: Promoting Enteral Nutrition via a Nutrition Bundle
Authors: VanBlarcom Ashleigh , McCoy Mary Anne
Published: June 2018

Malnutrition in hospitals is often overlooked, underdiagnosed, and untreated. Malnourished patients have increased risk for infection and pressure injuries, longer duration of mechanical ventilation, anemia, depressed cardiac and respiratory functions, and an overall higher risk for mortality. These complications contribute to longer hospital stays and higher health care costs. The benefits of early nutritional support in hospitals may be enhanced by use of a new nutrition care bundle that addresses all aspects of nutrition assessment and intervention. The bundle has 6 main components: assessment of malnutrition, initiation and maintenance of enteral nutrition, reduction of aspiration, implementation of enteral feeding protocols, avoiding the use of gastric residual volumes, and early initiation of parenteral nutrition when enteral feedings cannot be initiated. Implementing the nutrition bundle can help ensure that patients receive adequate nutrition during their hospital stay, thereby reducing adverse outcomes.
Nurse Project Consultant: Critical Care Nurses Move Beyond the Bedside to Affect Quality and Safety
Authors: Mackinson Lynn G. , Corey Juliann , Kelly Veronica , O’Reilly Kristin P. , Stevens Jennifer P. , Desanto-Madeya Susan , Williams Donna , O’Donoghue Sharon C. , Foley Jane
Published: June 2018

A nurse project consultant role empowered 3 critical care nurses to expand their scope of practice beyond the bedside and engage within complex health care delivery systems to reduce harms in the intensive care unit. As members of an interdisciplinary team, the nurse project consultants contributed their clinical expertise and systems knowledge to develop innovations that optimize care provided in the intensive care unit. This article discusses the formal development of and institutional support for the nurse project consultant role. The nurse project consultants’ responsibilities within a group of quality improvement initiatives are described and their challenges and lessons learned discussed. The nurse project consultant role is a new model of engaging critical care nurses as leaders in health care redesign.
On the retirement of an eminent scientist in fisheries and aquatic science in Sri Lanka: a personal approach
Authors: Amarasinghe Upali S.
Published: June 2018

No abstract available
Spatial data analysis for the marine fisheries and habitat management of Sri Lanka
Authors: Dahanayaka D. D. G. L.
Published: June 2018

Satellite Remote Sensing (RS) can be effectively used for the fisheries applications, including stock assessment, management of marine resources and fish harvesting. Further, there is an extensive range of fisheries related applications of RS data, including identifying marine managed areas, detection of harmful algal blooms, bycatch reduction, long term monitoring of fisheries related habitat changes and control of illegal fishing. Applications on RS related to marine fisheries sector in Sri Lanka, seem to be meager. Limited studies have been conducted on the fisheries related ecosystem damage assessment using RS after December 2004 Tsunami disaster. To fulfill the gaps of research on coastal fisheries identified, the author conducted some research on habitat changes such as monitoring of land use changes and water quality at economically important estuarine environments around Sri Lanka using multi temporal satellite imageries. In these studies, several environmental issues have been addressed such as localized eutrophication, disturbance of water circulations and sudden fish kills etc. Furthermore, since satellite RS is a useful tool that could be applied for planning marine fisheries development in Sri Lanka, the National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA) is currently conducting forecasting of fishing ground using satellite data for off-shore/ high seas fishery, providing accurate information on large pelagic fishing grounds considering sea surface temperature and chlorophyll distribution. As illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing is a serious threat to the long-term economic and environmental sustainability of Sri Lankan oceans, RS techniques exhibit great potential for supporting to develop fisheries monitoring system around Sri Lankan waters which is timely important for control IUU fishing. VIIRS Boat Detection system of NOAA and Global Fishing Watch were discussed as the possible systems that can support the future monitoring and management of Sri Lankan marine fisheries sector. This paper summarizes the present RS related applications to the marine fishery sector of Sri Lanka. Further, it also provides guidelines for sustainable management of the sector that can result from RS, and identify existing applications which can effectively support the marine fishery management of the country.
Heavy metal contamination status in seven fish species from reservoirs of Polonnaruwa district, Sri Lanka
Authors: Wijesinghe Hiran , Idroos F. Sumaiya , Manage Pathmalal M.
Published: June 2018

Heavy metal contamination in aquatic ecosystems has become an emerging environmental issue. The stable physico-chemical properties of heavy metals could result in bioconcentration and bioaccumulation in different organs of freshwater fishes. The present study records the accumulation of Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) in the head, muscle and skin regions of seven fish species namely, Labeo rohita, Oreochromis mossambicus, Oreochromis niloticus, Etroplus suratensis, Heteropneustes fossilis, Oligolepsis acutipennis and Puntius dorsalis collected from Minnerya, Parakrama Samudraya and Kaudulla reservoirs in Polonnaruwa district, Sri Lanka. The results showed that both Pb and Cd accumulated in high concentrations in the head region compared to the skin and muscles of the fish samples. The highest amounts of Pb (22.44±5.48 mg/Kg) and Cd (4.98±0.86mg/Kg) were recorded from the head parts of the H. fossilis in Minneriya and O. niloticus in Kaudulla respectively, whereas the highest amount of Cr (30.87±4.51mg/Kg) was detected in head part of the O. acutipennis in Minneriya. The Cu concentration was the highest (2.92±0.001 mg/Kg) in head regions of H. fossilis from Minneriya. Zn was the most abundant heavy metal detected in the head, muscle and skin regions of fish in all three reservoirs. The highest amount of Zn (118.93±10.55mg/Kg) was detected in the head part of O. acutipennis from Minneriya. The Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn concentrations detected in the head part of popular edible freshwater species, O. mossambicus, O. niloticus and E. suratensis were higher than the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of Pb (0.025 mg/Kg), Cd (0.007 mg/Kg), Cr (0.1 mg/Kg), Cu (3.5 mg/Kg) and Zn (7 mg/Kg) specified by the FAO/WHO. Therefore, long-term consumption of these fish species especially the head parts may lead to accumulation of these heavy metals in tissues and lead to chronic diseases which may risk the health of consumers especially in the north-central province of Sri Lanka.
The art of establishing and maintaining contact with ancestors: A study of Bapedi tradition
Authors: Lebaka Morakeng E.K.
Published: June 2018

Looking at Bapedi ancestor veneration constructively, one finds it a source of communication that enhances the community’s norms, values and personal well-being. The Bapedi community has a belief system that is based on the spiritual world, and this includes ancestor veneration. Communication with the spiritual world happens through sacrifices, songs and dance. Malopo is a ritual that not only binds the people to their ancestors (the ancestral realm) but also provides a healing therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the religious and social functions of ancestor veneration in the Bapedi society, as well as the relationship between culture, music and identity in veneration in the traditional healing Sepedi context. To achieve this aim, the study employed a naturalistic approach and data were collected through video recordings of malopo rituals, interviews and observations. The main questions the study addressed are (1) what are the religious and social functions of ancestor veneration in the Bapedi society? and (2) what is the relationship between culture, music and identity in veneration in Sepedi traditional healing context? The results demonstrated that ancestors are vital to Bapedi society, and the most effective ways of reaching them are through music and dance – malopo rituals, as well as divination bones.
Antilithiatic and Hepatoprotective Effects of Ferula assa-foetida Oleo-gum-resin on Ethylene Glycol-Induced Lithiasis in Rats
Authors: Bagheri Seyyed Majid , Yadegari Maryam , Behpur Maliheh , Javidmehr Davood
Published: June 2018

Objective:

In this study, antiurolithiasic and hepatoprotective effects of Ferula assa-foetida oleo-gum-resin (asafoetida) were evaluated in Wistar rats.

Methods:

Negative control rats were provided with ethylene glycol (EG, 1%) in drinking water for 28 days. In treatment group, asafoetida was used simultaneously once daily for 28 days at the dose of 25 mg/kg. 8-h urine was collected from experimental animals at the end of the experiment. Urine level of creatinine, uric acid, urea, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, phosphorus, and serum level of transaminase (alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were evaluated. In addition, histopathological changes in kidney and liver were stained in hematoxylin and eosin.

Results:

Asafoetida showed a significant effect on urine volume; water intake and urinary ionic parameters were altered by EG, which elevated the calcium and inorganic phosphate; and asafoetida significantly reduced the elevated levels of these ions. In addition, asafoetida significantly elevated the urinary concentration of magnesium. ALT, AST, LDH, and ALP were elevated by EG and asafoetida significantly reduced the elevated levels of these parameters. The histological findings also showed improvement after treatment with the asafoetida.

Conclusion:

The presented data indicate that administration of asafoetida prevented the growth of urinary stones and also have hepatoprotective effect in experimental EG nephrolithiasis in Wistar rats.
El tratamiento de la información política e institucional en TVE
Authors: Soengas-Pérez Xosé , Elías-Pérez Carlos , López-Cepeda Ana María
Published: June 2018

Esta investigación analiza la información política e institucional en los telediarios de TVE para conocer el tratamiento de los acontecimientos que protagonizan los partidos políticos, las instituciones y sus representantes. Metodología. Trabajamos con una metodología mixta. El análisis cuantitativo es necesario para determinar el grado de pluralidad formal y el cualitativo sirve para conocer los detalles de los enfoques de las noticias. Además, incluimos un grupo de discusión formado por cinco redactores para averiguar cómo funciona el proceso informativo en la televisión pública. Resultados y conclusiones. Los datos demuestran que el 97% de las noticias tienen un tratamiento formal correcto, pero estas cifras contrastan con los resultados del análisis de contenido. El 74% de los temas de información institucional tienen un enfoque que favorece, refuerza o avala la imagen del Gobierno y de los organismos afines.
Вакуумная и тепловая энергии для двух осцилляторов, взаимодействующих посредством поля
Authors: Bordag Michael
Published: June 2018

Рассматривается простая $(1+1)$-модель взаимодействия Казимира-Полдера, которая включает в себя два осциллятора, связанных скалярным полем. Рассматривается диссипация в рамках подхода, основанного на первых принципах, при допущении, что осцилляторы взаимодействуют с термостатами. Для данной системы выведено уравнение для свободной энергии в терминах вещественных частот. На основе данного представления получено представление Мацубары для случая диссипации. Рассмотрен случай нулевых собственных частот осцилляторов. Показано, что в данном случае вклад от нулевой частоты Мацубары становится модифицированным и не возникает проблем, связанных с законами термодинамики.
Четырехпараметрический короткодействующий потенциал с особенностью типа $1/r^2$ и обширный спектр его связанных состояний и резонансов
Authors: Alhaidari Abdulaziz D.
Published: June 2018

Метод трехдиагонального представления применяется с целью расширить класс точно решаемых квантовых систем, для чего используется квадратично интегрируемый базис, в котором матрица волнового оператора трехдиагональна. При этом волновое уравнение принимает вид рекуррентного соотношения для коэффициентов разложения волновой функции трех последовательных порядков, решение которого в терминах ортогональных полиномов эквивалентно решению исходной задачи. Получены S-волновые связанные состояния для нового четырехпараметрического потенциала с особенностью типа $1/r^2$, но короткодействующего, который обладает сложной конфигурационной структурой и богатыми спектральными свойствами. Частица при рассеянии на таком потенциале должна преодолевать потенциальный барьер, а затем может быть захвачена в ловушку в потенциальной яме в резонансном или связанном состоянии. С использованием комплексного вращения продемонстрированы богатые спектральные свойства потенциала в случае ненулевого углового момента и показано, как эта структура изменяется с изменением параметров потенциала.
A statistical method to validate reconstructions of late-glacial relative sea level – Application to shallow water shells rated as low-grade sea-level indicators
Authors: Latinović Milena , Klemann Volker , Irrgang Christopher , Bagge Meike , Specht Sebastian , Thomas Maik
Published: June 2018

Abstract. In this study, we propose a statistical method to validate sea-level reconstructions using geological records known as sea-level indicators (SLIs). SLIs are often the only available data to retrace late-glacial relative sea level (RSL). Determining the RSL from SLI height is not straight forward, the elevation at which an SLI was found usually does not represent the past RSL. In contrast, it has to be related to past RSL by investigating sample’s type, habitat and deposition conditions. For instance, water distribution at which a specific specimen is found today can be related to the indicator's depositional height range. Furthermore, the precision of dating varies between geological samples, and, in case of radiocarbon dating, the age has to be calibrated using a non-linear calibration curve. To avoid an a-priori assumption like normal-distributed uncertainties, we define likelihood functions which take into account the indicative meaning’s available error information and calibration statistics represented by joint probabilities. For this conceptional study, we restrict ourselves to one type of indicators, shallow-water shells, which are usually considered as low-grade samples giving only a lower limit of former sea level, as the depth range in which they live spreads over several tens of meters, and does not follow a normal distribution. The presented method is aimed to serve as a strategy for glacial isostatic adjustment reconstructions, in this case for the German Paleo-Climate Modelling Initiative PalMod (https://www.palmod.de/en) and by extending it to other SLI types.
Improved regional-scale groundwater representation by the coupling of the mesoscale Hydrologic Model (mHM v5.7) to the groundwater model OpenGeoSys (OGS)
Authors: Jing Miao , Heße Falk , Kumar Rohini , Wang Wenqing , Fischer Thomas , Walther Marc , Zink Matthias , Zech Alraune , Samaniego Luis , Kolditz Olaf , Attinger Sabine
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Most large-scale hydrologic models fall short in reproducing groundwater head dynamics and simulating transport process due to their oversimplified representation of groundwater flow. In this study, we aim to extend the applicability of the mesoscale Hydrologic Model (mHM v5.7) to subsurface hydrology by coupling it with the porous media simulator OpenGeoSys (OGS). The two models are one-way coupled through model interfaces GIS2FEM and RIV2FEM, by which the grid-based fluxes of groundwater recharge and the river–groundwater exchange generated by mHM are converted to fixed-flux boundary conditions of the groundwater model OGS. Specifically, the grid-based vertical reservoirs in mHM are completely preserved for the estimation of land-surface fluxes, while OGS acts as a plug-in to the original mHM modeling framework for groundwater flow and transport modeling. The applicability of the coupled model (mHM–OGS v1.0) is evaluated by a case study in the central European mesoscale river basin – Nägelstedt. Different time steps, i.e., daily in mHM and monthly in OGS, are used to account for fast surface flow and slow groundwater flow. Model calibration is conducted following a two-step procedure using discharge for mHM and long-term mean of groundwater head measurements for OGS. Based on the model summary statistics, namely the Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE), the mean absolute error (MAE), and the interquartile range error (QRE), the coupled model is able to satisfactorily represent the dynamics of discharge and groundwater heads at several locations across the study basin. Our exemplary calculations show that the one-way coupled model can take advantage of the spatially explicit modeling capabilities of surface and groundwater hydrologic models and provide an adequate representation of the spatiotemporal behaviors of groundwater storage and heads, thus making it a valuable tool for addressing water resources and management problems.