bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cultural health literacy: the experiences of Māori in palliative care
Authors: Kidd Jacquie , Black Stella , Blundell Rawiri , Peni Tamati
Published: May 2018

Health literacy is a concept that is frequently applied to the patient’s ability to find and comprehend health information. However, recent literature has included the skill of the health professional and the accessibility of health resources as important factors in the level of health literacy achieved by individuals and populations. In 2014 a qualitative study undertaken in Aotearoa New Zealand, investigated the context of health literacy for Māori in a palliative care setting (Māori are the indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand). The study included the experiences of patients, whānau (families), and health professionals.

Method:

Individual semi-structured interviews were held with 21 patients, whānau and six key informants: a medical specialist, a service leader involved in developing culturally specific responses to patients, two Māori service managers, and two Māori health team leaders. Focus groups were held with a total of 54 health professionals providing palliative care services.

Data analysis:

A thematic analysis was undertaken using a general inductive approach. The trustworthiness and reliability of the analysis was supported by sharing analysis of the transcripts among the research team. Member checking or respondent validation was used in seeking confirmation of the interim findings at five hui (meetings) with the research communities involved.

Findings:

This study found that the shock and grief that attends a life-limiting illness made hearing and processing health information very difficult for patients and whānau. Further, ‘hard conversations’ about moving from active treatment to palliative care were often avoided by health professionals, leaving patients and whānau distressed and confused about their choices and prognosis. Finally, poor cultural health literacy on the part of organisations has likely impacted on late access to or avoidance of palliative care for Māori.
Asymétrie de pouvoir dans les partenariats de recherche en santé mondiale : étude qualitative auprès de chercheurs en Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Gogognon Patrick , Godard Béatrice
Published: May 2018

Résumé :

Contexte :

L’asymétrie de pouvoir dans les partenariats de recherche en santé mondiale constitue un enjeu de justice et d’équité pour les institutions de recherche, les chercheurs et les communautés, en particulier dans les pays en développement. Pour les chercheurs, l’asymétrie de pouvoir peut constituer un obstacle pour une recherche efficiente et équitable et ils sont à risque d’être en situation de vulnérabilité.

Objectifs :

Ces enjeux sont largement discutés dans la littérature mais ce phénomène reste encore étudié au plan théorique et peu de données empiriques sont disponibles, particulièrement dans les pays en développement. Cette étude a donc pour objectifs d’identifier les facteurs et les mécanismes de l’asymétrie de pouvoir en recherche en santé mondiale dans la perspective de chercheurs dans un pays du sud.

Méthodologie :

Une étude qualitative a été menée auprès de 19 chercheurs dans le domaine de la santé en Côte d’Ivoire. Tous les participants poursuivaient une carrière universitaire d’enseignement et recherche, dont 17 cliniciens en Centre Hospitalier Universitaire et 2 chercheurs non cliniciens. Des entrevues semi-dirigées ont été réalisées pour évaluer leur perception sur les facteurs qui influencent l’asymétrie de pouvoir et les mécanismes par lesquels ils opèrent.

Résultats :

Deux thèmes principaux émergent de l’analyse des données : les défis du financement et la complexité des relations interpersonnelles dans les partenariats.

Discussion :

Cette étude montre que la pression sur l’accès aux ressources contribue à détériorer les conditions dans lesquelles les partenariats sont mis en œuvre. Par ailleurs, l’environnement institutionnel de la recherche montre des liens de subordination qui font peser des risques sur l’autonomie des jeunes chercheurs et l’intégrité de leurs travaux. À cet égard nous recommandons une analyse approfondie de l’environnement dans lequel ces partenariats sont mis en œuvre notamment sur les dimensions de reddition de comptes, d’imputabilité et d’intégrité professionnelle.
Disrupting course design in online CALL teacher education: An experimentation
Authors: Bangou Francis , Vasilopoulos Gene
Published: May 2018

This article experiments with creativity, ambiguity, design thinking, research, and teacher education in computer-assisted language learning within the development of a distance teacher education course on computer-assisted language learning. By deploying philosophy of immanence, the associated agencements of teacher becoming in computer-assisted language learning, and design thinking, this article generates new ways of thinking about creativity, ambiguity, design thinking, language-teacher education, and research. Data collection included course materials, student interviews, and assignments. The paper uses rhizoanalysis to map affective connections within the research agencement, highlighting potential for transformation. It presents vignettes to palpate, disrupt, and encourage further concept creation.
Determinants and prognosis of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T peak plasma concentration in patients hospitalized for non-cardiogenic shock
Authors: Caujolle Marie , Allyn Jerome , Brulliard Caroline , Valance Dorothée , Vandroux David , Martinet Olivier , Allou Nicolas
Published: May 2018

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to assess the determinants and prognostic value of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T peak plasma concentration in intensive care unit patients with non-cardiogenic shock.

Material and methods:

A prospective observational cohort study was conducted in a single intensive care unit between November 2014 and December 2015.

Results:

During the study period, 206 patients were hospitalized in the intensive care unit for non-cardiogenic shock and the median peak high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T was 55.1 [24.5–136] pg/mL. A multivariate analysis combining all variables showed that higher body mass index ( t = 2.52, P = 0.01), lower left ventricular systolic function ( t = −2.73, P = 0.007), higher white blood cell count ( t = 3.72, P = 0.0001), lower creatinine clearance ( t = −2.84, P = 0.0005), higher lactate level ( t = 2.62, P = 0.01) and ST-segment depression ( t = 3.98, P = 0.0001) best correlated with log10-transformed high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T peak plasma concentration. After multivariate analysis, the high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T peak was not associated with a significant reduction of in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio = 0.99 (95% confidence interval: 0.93–1.02)).

Conclusion:

High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T elevation was very common in patients hospitalized for non-cardiogenic shock. The factors significantly associated with high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T peak plasma concentration were higher body mass index, decreased left ventricular systolic ejection fraction, higher leucocyte count, decreased renal function, increased lactate level, and ST-segment depression. The high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T peak was not significantly associated with in-hospital mortality in this setting.
The Antecedents of Incidental News Exposure on Social Media
Authors: Ahmadi Mousa , Wohn Donghee Yvette
Published: May 2018

Social media users incidentally get exposed to news when their networks provide content that they would otherwise not seek out purposefully. We developed a scale of incidental news exposure on social media and conducted a survey to examine its antecedents. We found that information received through weak ties, rather than strong ties, was significantly associated with incidental news exposure. The amount of time spent, frequency of getting news updates, and the frequency clicking on news-related links on social media were correlated with incidental exposure. Our findings suggest that promoting news consumption on social media can be achieved not only through giving users information they want but also by exposing users to information they are not consciously looking for.
Facebook Use for Profile Maintenance and Social Grooming and Young Korean Women’s Appearance Comparison With Peers and Body Image Concerns
Authors: Kim Ji Won
Published: May 2018

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between Facebook use, appearance comparison with peers, and body image concerns among young Korean women. Focusing on two major types of social media activities (i.e., profile maintenance, social grooming), this study investigated whether these specific types of user activities would be significantly related to greater appearance comparison with peers, and in turn, would be linked to increased levels of body image concerns. An online survey ( N = 305) was conducted among young Korean women (aged 18–29) in Korea. Results indicated that the frequency with which Korean female participants engaged in profile maintenance and social grooming activities on Facebook was positively associated with appearance comparison with peers, and the mediation analysis revealed that appearance comparison mediated the relationship between Facebook use variables and body image concerns, such as lower weight satisfaction and greater drive for thinness. Theoretical and practical implications for these findings are further discussed.
Age and Other Risk Factors Influencing Long-Term Mortality in Patients With Traumatic Cervical Spine Fracture
Authors: Bank Matthew , Gibbs Katie , Sison Cristina , Kutub Nawshin , Papatheodorou Angelos , Lee Samuel , Stein Adam , Bloom Ona
Published: May 2018

Objective:

To identify clinical or demographic variables that influence long-term mortality, as well as in-hospital mortality, with a particular focus on the effects of age.

Summary and Background Data:

Cervical spine fractures with or without spinal cord injury (SCI) disproportionately impact the elderly who constitute an increasing percentage of the US population.

Methods:

We analyzed data collected for 10 years at a state-designated level I trauma center to identify variables that influenced in-hospital and long-term mortality among elderly patients with traumatic cervical spine fracture with or without SCI. Acute in-hospital mortality was determined from hospital records and long-term mortality within the study period (2003-2013) was determined from the National Death Index. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to identify factors influencing survival.

Results:

Data from patients (N = 632) with cervical spine fractures were analyzed, the majority (66%) of whom were geriatric (older than age 64). Most patients (62%) had a mild/moderate injury severity score (ISS; median, interquartile range: 6, 5). Patients with SCI had significantly longer lengths of stay (14.1 days), days on a ventilator (3.5 days), and higher ISS (14.9) than patients without SCI ( P < .0001 for all). Falls were the leading mechanism of injury for patients older than age 64. Univariate analysis identified that long-term survival decreased significantly for all patients older than age 65 (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.07; P < .0001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated age (HR: 1.08; P < .0001), gender (HR: 1.60; P < .0007), and SCI status (HR: 1.45, P < .02) significantly influenced survival during the study period.

Conclusion:

This study identified age, gender, and SCI status as significant variables for this study population influencing long-term survival among patients with cervical spine fractures. Our results support the growing notion that cervical spine injuries in geriatric patients with trauma may warrant additional research.
Where Are They Now? Winners of a Library Prize for Undergraduate Research: A Survey at the University of California, Berkeley
Authors: Phillips Margaret , Jones Lynn
Published: May 2018

We conducted a survey of the winners of University of California (UC) Berkeley’s Library Prize for Undergraduate Research (2003-2016) to learn about the long-term impact of undergraduate research projects on students, find out what winners gained from the experience, and compare their careers post-graduation with other students. Seventy-four winners responded and reported increased academic engagement during their undergraduate experience, and demonstrated greater than average academic achievement post-graduation. The winners became more confident of their research skills and their aptitude for post-graduate work as a result of winning. More than 3 times as many prize winners went on to graduate school as the typical UC graduate. We also examined usage statistics of winning papers that had been posted to UC’s open access publishing platform and observed that papers continue to be accessed by the general public years after students graduate.
Nursing Within Primary Care Settings in Atlantic Canada: A Scoping Review
Authors: Curnew Deanne R. , Lukewich Julia
Published: May 2018

To address the prevalence of chronic diseases in Newfoundland and Labrador, the province has committed to primary health care reform, including implementing interdisciplinary primary care (PC) teams. To inform discussions regarding integrating nurse practitioners (NPs), registered nurses (RNs), and licensed practical nurses (LPNs) into these teams, better understanding of their roles in PC is needed. A scoping review was conducted to examine and synthesize existing evidence related to nursing roles and resources in PC settings across Atlantic Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island), and associated contributions to patient care. Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology was used. The Nursing Role Effectiveness Model guided the review. Twenty articles met inclusion criteria. Roles of RNs and NPs in PC included chronic disease management, education, and health promotion. No literature focused on LPNs. Interdisciplinary collaboration was evident across studies. However, nurses’ functions within teams were limited by institutional constraints and other providers. PC settings with nurses had positive clinical outcomes, improved access to services, and high patient satisfaction. The prevalence of nursing in PC throughout Atlantic Canada and how nurses’ roles are enacted is unclear. There is opportunity for future inquiry into specific attributes of nursing and PC teams that result in positive patient and system outcomes.
Interpersonal conflicts in executive training: Types, antecedents and consequences
Authors: Schermuly Carsten C. , Schölmerich Franziska
Published: May 2018

Executive training is an important part of leadership development, but little is known about interpersonal conflicts that can occur in leadership training. We conducted a qualitative ( N = 85) and quantitative ( N = 214) study to explore this new research field. With the help of these studies, we aim to identify typical interpersonal conflict types during executive training as well as their antecedents and consequences. The results of Study 1 show that the classic trichotomy of interpersonal conflicts should be extended for executive training. Besides task and process conflicts, two types of relationship conflicts occur in executive training: personal conflicts and status conflicts. Study 2 identified perceived subgroups as an antecedent and learning success as a consequence of interpersonal conflicts in executive training. While training-related task conflicts had a positive effect on learning success, relationship conflicts had a negative effect.
Integrating road carrying capacity and traffic congestion into the excess commuting framework: The case of Los Angeles
Authors: Zhou Jiangping , Murphy Enda , Corcoran Jonathan
Published: May 2018

The excess commuting framework has advanced a series of metrics through which a city or a region’s jobs-housing balance and commuting efficiency can be measured. This study seeks to add to the conceptual development and extension of the excess commuting framework. Specifically, it considers the carrying capacity (of links) and related congestion issues in the excess commuting framework and demonstrates that overlooking these characteristics has important implications for excess commuting metrics. Drawing on an empirical case study, it shows that when carrying capacity and traffic congestion are accounted for, the observed commute is longer than otherwise. Excess commuting tends to be higher than its counterparts in previous excess commuting studies. The findings suggest that future excess commuting studies should take account of carrying capacity and congestion in determining excess commuting metrics. Moreover, high-quality connections (preferably via public transport) between jobs and housing allied with sufficient carrying capacity of popular links/routes for commuters are crucial preconditions for cities and regions to harvest the full benefits of jobs-housing balance policies targeted at the reduction of the average commute distance and vehicle miles travelled.
Oxidative modifications of extracellular matrix promote the second wave of inflammation via β2 integrins
Authors: Yakubenko Valentin P. , Cui Kui , Ardell Christopher L. , Brown Kathleen E. , West Xiaoxia Z. , Gao Detao , Stefl Samantha , Salomon Robert G. , Podrez Eugene A. , Byzova Tatiana V.
Published: May 2018

Key Points

Recruitment of neutrophils generates phospholipid oxidation and formation of CEP adducts with extracellular matrix proteins. CEP–protein adducts form inflammatory-specific substrate for αMβ2 and αDβ2 integrin-mediated macrophage migration during inflammation.
How I safely transfuse patients with sickle-cell disease and manage delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions
Authors: Pirenne France , Yazdanbakhsh Karina
Published: May 2018

Transfusions can be a life-saving treatment of patients with sickle-cell disease (SCD). However, availability of matched units can be limiting because of distinctive blood group polymorphisms in patients of African descent. Development of antibodies against the transfused red blood cells (RBCs), resulting in delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions (DHTRs), can be life-threatening and pose unique challenges for this population with regard to treatment strategies and transfusion management protocols. In cases where the transfused cells and the patient’s own RBCs are destroyed, diagnosis of DHTR can be difficult because symptoms may mimic vaso-occlusive crisis, and frequently, antibodies are undetectable. Guidelines are needed for early diagnosis of DHTR because treatment may need to include temporarily withholding any new transfusions to avoid further hemolysis. Also needed are case-control studies to optimally tailor treatments based on the severity of DHTR and develop preventive transfusion strategies for patients at DHTR risk. Here, we will review gaps in knowledge and describe through case studies our recommended approach to prevent alloimmunization and to diagnose and treat symptomatic DHTRs for which complementary mechanistic studies to understand their pathogenesis are sorely needed.
African-American race and mortality in interstitial lung disease: a multicentre propensity-matched analysis
Authors: Adegunsoye Ayodeji , Oldham Justin M. , Bellam Shashi K. , Chung Jonathan H. , Chung Paul A. , Biblowitz Kathleen M. , Montner Steven , Lee Cathryn , Hsu Scully , Husain Aliya N. , Vij Rekha , Mutlu Gokhan , Noth Imre , Churpek Matthew M. , Strek Mary E.
Published: May 2018

We studied whether African-American race is associated with younger age and decreased survival time at diagnosis of interstitial lung disease (ILD).

We performed a multicentre, propensity score-matched analysis of patients with an ILD diagnosis followed at five US hospitals between 2006 and 2016. African-Americans were matched with patients of other races based on a time-dependent propensity score calculated from multiple patient, physiological, diagnostic and hospital characteristics. Multivariable logistic regression models were used. All-cause mortality and hospitalisations were compared between race-stratified patient cohorts with ILD, and sensitivity analyses were performed.

The study included 1640 patients with ILD, 13% of whom were African-American, followed over 5041 person-years. When compared with patients of other races, African-Americans with ILD were younger at diagnosis (56 yearsversus67 years), but in the propensity-matched analyses had greater survival (hazard ratio 0.46, 95% CI 0.28–0.77; p=0.003) despite similar risk of respiratory hospitalisations (relative risk 1.04, 95% CI 0.83–1.31; p=0.709), and similar GAP-ILD (gender–age–physiology-ILD) scores at study entry. Sensitivity analyses in a separate cohort of 9503 patients with code-based ILD diagnosis demonstrated a similar association of baseline demographic characteristics with all-cause mortality.

We conclude that African-Americans demonstrate a unique phenotype associated with younger age at ILD diagnosis and perhaps longer survival time.
Pressures from long term environmental change at the shrines and temples of Nikkō
Authors: Brimblecombe Peter , Hayashi Mikiko
Published: May 2018

Background

Important historic buildings at Nikkō are designated National Treasures of Japan or important cultural properties and illustrate notable architectural styles. We examine the records of damaging events and environmental change to estimate that changing balance of threats to guiding strategic planning and protection of the buildings and associated intangible heritage.

Methods

Historic records from Nikkō allow past damage to be assessed along with projections of likely future threats. Simple non parametric statistics, Lorenz curves and its associated Gini coefficient aids interpretation of observations.

Results

Earthquakes have long represented a threat, but mostly to fixed stone structures. Flooding may be as growing problem, but historically river management has improved. Increasing warmth may mean an increase in the threat of fungal attack. However, insect attack on wood has been a particular problem as recent years have seen damage by wood boring insects, particularly at Sanbutsudō in the temple complex of Rinnō-ji. Although warmer climates may enhance the abundance of insects such as P. cylindricum the life cycle of this rare anobiid is not well understood. The risk of forest fires tends to be higher in drought period, but summer rainfall may well increase at Nikkō. Additionally good forestry practice can reduce this risk. Future changes to climate are likely to alter the flowering dates and the arrival of autumn colours.

Conclusion

The results show that environmental changes are likely to affect the material structure and also the nature of celebrations and visitor frequency at Nikkō. Conservation architects and skilled engineers will be challenged by these changes, so need to be well briefed on strategic environmental threats.
The Missing Dimension in Developmental Biology Education
Authors: Hardin Jeff
Published: May 2018

Note from the Editor

Points of View (POV) address issues faced by many people within the life science education community. CBE—Life Sciences Education (CBE-LSE) publishes the POV Feature to present two or more opinions published side-by-side on a common topic. We consider POVs to be “Op-Ed” pieces designed to stimulate thought and dialogue on significant educational issues. They are not meant to be exhaustive treatments of a subject. In this issue, we ask the question, “What are key concepts in developmental biology?” We present three POVs. The first is by CBE-LSE Editor-in-Chief, William Wood, and it is in part based on his experience teaching developmental biology to undergraduates at the University of Colorado, Boulder, including his collaborative experiments in the classroom with Jennifer Knight, the first results of which have been published in CBE-LSE ( Knight and Wood, 2005 ). The second, a partially tongue-in-cheek list of key concepts to convey to students about embryonic development, is by Scott Gilbert (Swarthmore College), author of the leading textbook worldwide for teaching developmental biology, Developmental Biology, 8th ed. (Sinauer Associates, Inc.). The third is by Jeff Hardin (University of Wisconsin–Madison), who has produced Web-based educational materials for teaching developmental biology that are used nationally and internationally for conveying dynamic events during early development (see the WWW feature in this issue by Stark for more details), and who deals with the vexing problem of trying to convey the essential four-dimensional nature of embryonic development to introductory students.
Evidence From Ghana Indicates That Childhood Cancer Treatment in Sub-Saharan Africa Is Very Cost Effective: A Report From the Childhood Cancer 2030 Network
Authors: Renner Lorna , Shah Shivani , Bhakta Nickhill , Denburg Avram , Horton Sue , Gupta Sumit
Published: May 2018

Purpose

No published study to date has examined total cost and cost-effectiveness of maintaining a pediatric oncology treatment center in an African setting, thus limiting childhood cancer advocacy and policy efforts.

Methods

Within the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra, Ghana, costing data were gathered for all inputs related to operating a pediatric cancer unit. Cost and volume data for relevant clinical services (eg, laboratory, pathology, medications) were obtained retrospectively or prospectively. Salaries were determined and multiplied by proportion of time dedicated toward pediatric patients with cancer. Costs associated with inpatient bed use, outpatient clinic use, administrative fees, and overhead were estimated. Costs were summed for a total annual operating cost. Cost-effectiveness was calculated based on annual patients with newly diagnosed disease, survival rates, and life expectancy.

Results

The Korle Bu Teaching Hospital pediatric cancer unit treats on average 170 new diagnoses annually. Total operating cost was $1.7 million/y. Personnel salaries and operating room costs were the most expensive inputs, contributing 45% and 21% of total costs. Together, medications, imaging, radiation, and pathology services accounted for 7%. The cost per disability-adjusted life-year averted was $1,034, less than the Ghanaian per capita income, and thus considered very cost effective as per WHO-CHOICE methodology.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, this study is the first to examine institution-level costs and cost-effectiveness of a childhood cancer program in an African setting, demonstrating that operating such a program in this setting is very cost effective. These results will inform national childhood cancer strategies in Africa and other low- and middle-income country settings.
PI(4,5)P2 forms dynamic cortical structures and directs actin distribution as well as polarity in C. elegans embryos
Authors: Scholze Melina J. , Barbieux Kévin S. , De Simone Alessandro , Boumasmoud Mathilde , Süess Camille C. N. , Wang Ruijia , Gönczy Pierre
Published: May 2018

Asymmetric division is crucial for embryonic development and stem cell lineages. In the one-cell C. elegans embryo, a contractile cortical actomyosin network contributes to asymmetric division by segregating PAR proteins to discrete cortical domains. Here, we discovered that the plasma membrane lipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) localizes to polarized dynamic structures in C. elegans zygotes, distributing in a PAR-dependent manner along the anterior-posterior (A-P) embryonic axis. PIP2 cortical structures overlap with F-actin, and coincide with the actin regulators RHO-1, CDC-42 as well as ECT-2. Particle image velocimetry analysis revealed that PIP2 and F-actin cortical movements are coupled, with PIP2 structures moving slightly ahead. Importantly, we established that PIP2 cortical structure formation and movement is actin-dependent. Conversely, we found that decreasing or increasing the level of PIP2 results in severe F-actin disorganization, revealing interdependence between these components. Furthermore, we uncovered that PIP2 and F-actin regulate the sizing of PAR cortical domains, including during the maintenance phase of polarization. Overall, our work establishes that a lipid membrane component, PIP2, modulates actin organization and cell polarity in C. elegans embryos.
Micropatterning as a tool to identify regulatory triggers and kinetics of actin-mediated endothelial mechanosensing
Authors: Gegenfurtner Florian A. , Jahn Berenice , Wagner Helga , Ziegenhain Christoph , Enard Wolfgang , Geistlinger Ludwig , Rädler Joachim O. , Vollmar Angelika M. , Zahler Stefan
Published: May 2018

Developmental processes, such as angiogenesis, are associated with a constant remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton in response to different mechanical stimuli. The mechanosensitive transcription factors MRTF-A (MKL1) and YAP (also known as YAP1) are important mediators of this challenging adaptation process. However, it is as yet unknown whether both pathways respond in an identical or in a divergent manner to a given microenvironmental guidance cue. Here, we use a micropatterning approach to dissect single aspects of cellular behavior in a spatiotemporally controllable setting. Using the exemplary process of angiogenesis, we show that cell–cell contacts and adhesive surface area are shared regulatory parameters of MRTF and YAP on rigid 2D surfaces. By analyzing MRTF and YAP under laminar flow conditions and during cell migration on dumbbell-shaped microstructures, we demonstrate that they exhibit different translocation kinetics. In conclusion, our work promotes the application of micropatterning techniques as a cell biological tool to study mechanosensitive signaling in the context of angiogenesis.
Structural and functional characterization of the contractile aorta and associated hemocytes of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae
Authors: Sigle Leah T. , Hillyer Julián F.
Published: May 2018

The primary pump of the circulatory system of insects is a dorsal vessel that traverses the length of the insect. The anterior portion, located in the head, neck and thorax, is the aorta, and the posterior portion, located in the abdomen, is the heart. Here, we characterize the structure and function of the aorta and conical chamber of the mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. The aorta begins in the head with an excurrent opening located above the dorsal pharyngeal plate and ends at the thoraco-abdominal junction where it joins the conical chamber of the heart. The aorta lacks ostia, and based on the diameter of the vessel as well as the density and helical orientation of muscle, is comprised of three regions: the anterior aorta, the bulbous chamber, and the posterior aorta. The aorta contracts in the anterograde direction, but these contractions are independent of heart contractions and do not play a major role in hemolymph propulsion. Intravital imaging of the venous channels, the first abdominal segment and the neck revealed that hemolymph only travels through the aorta in the anterograde direction, and does so only during periods of anterograde heart flow. Furthermore, hemolymph only enters the thoraco-abdominal ostia of the conical chamber when the heart contracts in the retrograde direction, propelling this hemolymph to the posterior of the body. Finally, very few hemocytes associate with the aorta, and unlike what is seen in the periostial regions of the heart, infection does not induce the aggregation of hemocytes on the aorta.
Effects of flight activity and age on oxidative damage in the honey bee,Apis mellifera
Authors: Margotta Joseph W. , Roberts Stephen P. , Elekonich Michelle M.
Published: May 2018

Frequent and highly aerobic behaviors likely contribute to naturally occurring stress, accelerate senescence, and limit lifespan. To understand how the physiological and cellular mechanisms that determine the onset and duration of senescence are shaped by behavioral development and behavioral duration, we exploited the tractability of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) model system. First, we determined if a cause-effect relationship exists between honey bee flight and oxidative stress by comparing oxidative damage accrued from intense flight bouts to damage accrued from D-galactose ingestion, which induces oxidative stress and limit lifespan in other insects. Second, we experimentally manipulated the duration of honey bee flight across a range of ages to determine their effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and associated enzymatic antioxidant protective mechanisms. In bees fed D-galactose, lipid peroxidation (MDA) was higher than in bees fed sucrose and age-matched bees with high and low flight experience collected from a colony. Bees with high amounts of flight experience exhibited elevated 8-OHdG, a marker of oxidative DNA damage, relative to bees with less flight experience. Bees with high amounts of flight experience also showed increased levels of pro-oxidants (superoxide and H2O2) and decreased or unchanged levels of antioxidants (SOD and catalase). These data implicate an imbalance of pro- to antioxidants in flight-associated oxidative stress and reveal how behavior can damage a cell and consequently limit lifespan.
Are Risk Preferences Stable?
Authors: Schildberg-Hörisch Hannah
Published: May 2018

It is ultimately an empirical question whether risk preferences are stable over time. The evidence comes from diverse strands of literature, covering the stability of risk preferences in panel data over shorter periods of time, life-cycle dynamics in risk preferences, the possibly long-lasting effects of exogenous shocks on risk preferences as well as temporary variations in risk preferences. Individual risk preferences appear to be persistent and moderately stable over time, but their degree of stability is too low to be reconciled with the assumption of perfect stability in neoclassical economic theory. We offer an alternative conceptual framework for preference stability that builds on research regarding the stability of personality traits in psychology. The definition of stability used in psychology implies high levels of rank-order stability across individuals and not that the individual will maintain the same level of a trait over time. Preference parameters are considered as distributions with a mean that is significantly but less than perfectly stable, plus some systematic variance. This framework accommodates evidence on systematic changes in risk preferences over the life cycle, due to exogenous shocks such as economic crises or natural catastrophes, and due to temporary changes in self-control resources, emotions, or stress. We note that research on the stability of (risk) preferences is conceptually at the heart of microeconomics and systematic changes in risk preferences have vital real-world consequences.
Retrospectives: Adam Smith's Discovery of Trade Gravity
Authors: Elmslie Bruce
Published: May 2018

The gravity equation is a current workhorse of empirical trade theory. It is generally acknowledged that this theory, which relates the extent of trade between countries to their respective sizes, distances, and relative trade barriers, was first developed by Jan Tinbergen in 1962. Acceptance of the gravity model as part of the discipline's core was limited by its scant theoretical foundation for the first 40 years of its existence. This paper finds that a theory of trade gravity was first developed by Adam Smith in The Wealth of Nations. Moreover, it is shown that Smith's statement of a proportional relation between economic size and distance came about as an application of his general theory of differential capital productivity in different economic sectors, and his elaboration of a theory of the gains from trade originated by David Hume. It is further shown that Smith had an explanation of the size of border affects in trade volumes, and a gravity theory of trade restrictions.
The US Gains From Trade: Valuation Using the Demand for Foreign Factor Services
Authors: Costinot Arnaud , Rodríguez-Clare Andrés
Published: May 2018

About eight cents out of every dollar spent in the United States is spent on imports. What if, because of a wall or some other extreme policy intervention, imports were to remain on the other side of the US border? How much would US consumers be willing to pay to prevent this hypothetical policy change from taking place? The answer to this question represents the welfare cost from autarky or, equivalently, the welfare gains from trade. In this article, we discuss how to evaluate these gains using estimates of the demand for foreign factor services.
O incentivo fiscal como instituto de Direito Econômico
Authors: Ferreira Sérgio D' Andrea
Published: May 2018

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O habeas data brasileiro e sua lei regulamentadora
Authors: Moreira José Carlos Barbosa
Published: May 2018

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A reforma do Poder Judiciário
Authors: Rocha Cármen Lúcia Antunes
Published: May 2018

Introdução; 1 - A Constituição cidadã talhada, retalhada e retaliada; 2 - A Constituição e o Poder Judiciário; 3 - O Poder Judiciário e a Democracia; 4 - O Poder Judiciário e a Cidadania; Conclusão.
Renúncia voluntária à aposentadoria
Authors: Damasceno João Batista
Published: May 2018

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Oficial das Forças Armadas - Cargo de magistério - Autorização presidencial
Authors: Corrêa Maurício
Published: May 2018

- O diploma infraconstitucional que dispõe sobre as condições de transferência do servidor militar para a inatividade, preconizado no § 9º do art. 42 da Constituição Federal, é o preexistente Estatuto dos Militares (Lei n. 6.880/80), cujo art. 98 foi recepcionado pela atual Constituição Federal.- Cabe exclusivamente ao Presidente da República, dentro do princípio da discricionariedade que a lei lhe outorga para avaliar e decidir segundo seus próprios critérios de conveniência e oportunidade, autorizar ou não a nomeação ou admissão de oficial militar para cargo ou emprego público.- A autorização do Presidente da República é requisito essencial à passagem de oficial das Forças Armadas para a reserva remunerada.- Mandado de Segurança indeferido.
Provimento de cargo de desembargador - Competência do Tribunal de Justiça - Férias coletivas
Authors: Brindeiro Geraldo
Published: May 2018

- Em face do disposto no ano 96, I, c, da Constituição Federal, compete ao Tribunal de Justiça (não ao Governador) o provimento dos juízes de carreira no cargo de Desembargador, independentemente de aprovação da Assembléia Legislativa, quer nessa hipótese, quer na da escolha de membros oriundos da advocacia ou do Ministério Público (C. F., art. 94). 329- A vedação de ferias coletivas também pela Constituição da Bahia, contrapõe-se ao estabelecido nos artigos 66, e seguintes, da Lei Orgânica da Magistratura Nacional, recebida pela Constituição de 1988, e invade a competência reservada, pela mesma carta (art. 93), à lei complementar, de iniciativa do Supremo Tribunal Federal.
Renúncia de aposentadoria - Tempo de serviço - Ofício-circular n. 12, da Secretaria de Recursos Humanos
Authors: Capella Luis Carlos de Almeida
Published: May 2018

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Eficácia temporal do controle de constitucionalidade das leis
Authors: Sarmento Daniel
Published: May 2018

I. Introdução. 2. A Posição contrária aos efeitos retroativos das decisões de inconstitucionalidade. 3. Os efeitos temporais da decisão de inconstitucionalidade no Direito Comparado. 4. Os temperamentos ao dogma da nulidade da lei inconstitucional na jurisprudência nacional. 5. Ponderação de interesses, Princípio da Proporcionalidade e os efeitos temporais das decisões de inconstitucionalidade. 6. Conclusão.
Controle dos atos da Administração Pública
Authors: Pondé Lafayette
Published: May 2018

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O princípio da não-cumulatividade do ICMS
Authors: Martins Ives Gandra da Silva
Published: May 2018

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Impeachment - Crime de responsabilidade - Exoneração do cargo
Authors: Barroso Luís Roberto
Published: May 2018

I. Crimes de responsabilidade e processo de impeachment: análise sumária dos aspectos essenciais - II. Não é possível a instauração de processo por crime de responsabilidade quando o acusado não mais ocupe o cargo do qual era passível de destituição - III. Emface da legislação aplicável, o ato de instauração do processo de impeachment é a aprovação pela Assembléia Legislativa, por quorum constitucional de dois terços dos seus membros, do Projeto de Decreto Legislativo previsto regimentalmente, e não a mera aprovação do parecer da Comissão Parlamentar Especial. - IV. O requisito para instauração do processo por crime de responsabilidade é que o agente político não tenha deixado o cargo. É indiferente para os fins da legislação, se é hipótese foi de renúncia ou de exoneração. - V. Os crimes de responsabilidade a serem definidos em lei especial, como prevê o parágrafo único do art. 85 da Constituição Federal, só podem ser os que correspondam àsfiguras típicas constantes do corpo do dispositivo. Trata-se de matéria de reserva constitucional, insuscetível de extensão discricionária por parte do legislador - VI. Conclusão.
Importância do Direito Administrativo Comparado
Authors: Mattos Mauro Roberto Gomes de
Published: May 2018

1. Direito Administrativo Comparado - 2. Estudo Comparado do Direito Público e sua Aplicação no Direito 1nterno - 3. Direito Comparado como Método de Estudo - 4. Conclusão.
Acumulação - Tempo integral - Incompatibilidade horária
Authors: Macedo Wilson Teles de
Published: May 2018

- Ilegalidade na acumulação de dois regimes de quarenta horas semanais pela incompatibilidade de cumprimento do regime de trabalho.
Cargo público - Acumulação - Licença não remunerada
Authors: Santos Homero
Published: May 2018

- Não é válida a titularidade simultânea de dois cargos públicos não acumuláveis, mesmo estando o servidor licenciado de um deles. sem perceber vencimentos.- A licença sem vencimentos não desfaz o caráter do exercício cumulativo de cargos públicos.
Segurança Nacional e Segurança Pública na Constituição e 1988
Authors: Lazzarini Álvaro
Published: May 2018

1. Considerações iniciais. 2. Segurança Nacional e Segurança Pública na Constituição da República. 3. Responsabilidade de cada um dos Poderes da República na defesa do Estado de Direito. 4. Segurança Pública e o aperfeiçoamento da Polícia no Brasil. 5. Conclusão.
Compras governamentais no Mercosul
Authors: Mukai Toshio
Published: May 2018

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Reflexões sobre a gestão de recursos hídricos no Estado da Bahia
Authors: Borges Alice Gonzalez
Published: May 2018

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Reforma Administrativa : a Emenda nº 19/98
Authors: Direito Carlos Alberto Menezes
Published: May 2018

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Auditor do Tribunal de Contas - Concurso público - Dispensa
Authors: Nóbrega Haroldo Ferraz da
Published: May 2018

- Inconstitucionalidade do art. 79, "caput" e incisos I a IV, da Constituição do Estado de Minas Gerais, que dispensam o concurso público de provas ou de provas e títulos, para a investidura no cargo de Auditor do Tribunal de Contas do Estado. Ofensa ao art. 37, I, da Constituição Federal.- Inconstitucionalidade da expressão, "os mesmos direitos ", inscrita na primeira parte do § 1º do art. 79 da Constituição de Minas. No ponto, dispositivo da Constituição mineira realiza equiparação não permitida pelo § 4º do art. 73 da Constituição Federal. A mesma expressão, "os mesmos direitos ", inscrita na segunda parte do § 1º. do art. 79, não é inconstitucional.- Constitucionalidade do § 2º do art. 79 da Constituição de Minas. Voto vencido do Relator no sentido da inconstitucionalidade, por entender que o citado dispositivo faz exigência não contida no § 4º do art. 733 da Constituição Federal, com ofensa ao art. 40, desta.- Ação direta de inconstitucionalidade julgada procedente, em parte.
Estação ecológica - Propriedade privada - Indenização
Authors: Fonseca Bardia Tupy Vieira
Published: May 2018

- A criação da Estação Ecológica da Juréia-Itatins, impedindo a exploração de recursos naturais existentes nas áreas por ela abrangidas (Lei n. 6.902, de 1981, art. 7º, § 1º, "b"), implica a indenização das respectivas propriedades, tenha ou não o Estado de São Paulo se apossado fisicamente dos imóveis; situação jurídica que, por si só, mutila a propriedade. Recurso especial não conhecido.
Tribunais de Contas dos países de língua Portuguesa reúnem-se em Lisboa
Authors: Souza Luciano Brandão Alves de
Published: May 2018

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Leis, Decretos e Medidas Provisórias (1998)
Authors: Desconhecido Desconhecido
Published: May 2018

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Transformações do Direito Administrativo
Authors: Tácito Caio
Published: May 2018

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Coordenação gerencial na Administração Pública
Authors: Moreira Neto Diogo de Figueiredo
Published: May 2018

1. O Estado em mudança. 2. Ressurgimento da sociedade como elemento político. 3.0 foco administrativo no cidadão. 4. As características de ética e eficiência. 5. Experiências contemporâneas de modernização da administração pública. 6. A coordenação gerencial na administração pública. 7. A cooperação gerencial na administração pública. 8. A colaboração gerencial na administração pública. 9. Considerações finais sobre a administração consensual.
Reforma Administrativa (Primeiras impressões)
Authors: Bulos Uadi Lammêgo
Published: May 2018

1. Administração Pública na reforma administrativa (EC n.19/98) - 2. Motivos determinantes da Reforma administrativa - 3. Linhas gerais da Reforma Administrativa - 4. Reforma administrativa e modelo gerencial de Administração Pública - 5. O insucesso das reformas administrativas - 5.1 Supervalorização do elemento institucional - 5.2 Mentalidade dos destinatários dos preceitos constitucionais reformados- 5.3 Reforma da Constituição como saída para todos os males da Administração Pública - 6. Reforma administrativa, interpretação constitucional e a missão dos juristas - 7. Disposições transitórias da EC n.19/98 - 7.1 Prazo para as entidades da administração indireta revisarem seus estatutos - 7.2 Prazo para a elaboração de lei do usuário de serviços públicos - 7.3 Proibição de excessos das espécies remuneratórias e direito adquirido - 7.4 Prazo para apresentação do projeto de lei complementar - 7.5 Direitos, vantagens e proibições dos servidores - 7.6 Servidores da carreira policial militar e grau hierárquico - 7.7 Servidores civis e seu aproveitamento - 8. Dispositivos constitucionais reformulados.
Competência legislativa municipal sobre meio ambiente
Authors: Mattos Neto Antonio José de
Published: May 2018

1. Posição da questão - 2. A Federação - 3. A federação brasileira - 3.1. O município na federação - 4. Partilha de competências federativas - 5. Competência legislativa municipal sobre meio ambiente - 5.1. A competência exclusiva municipal - 5.2. A competência suplementar municipal - 5.2.1. Florestas, caça, pesca, conservação da natureza, defesa do solo e dos recursos naturais, proteção ao meio ambiente e controle de poluição (inciso VI) - 5.2.2. Proteção ao patrimônio histórico, cultural, artístico, turístico e paisagístico (inciso VII). - 5.2.3. Responsabilidade por dano ao meio ambiente, ao consumidor, a bens e direitos de valor artístico, estético, histórico, turístico e paisagístico (inciso VIII). - 6. Conclusão.
Mandado de Segurança - Omissão de autoridade - Decadência
Authors: Martins Peçanha
Published: May 2018

- Em se tratando de omissão da autoridade administrativa que, embora recebendo requerimento do administrado, se queda silente sem que decida, em tempo oportuno, o pedido que se lhe dirigiu, não há que se falar em decadência do direito à impetração.- A Administração não pode frustrar, por inteiro, o procedimento por ela própria estabelecido, deixando de despachar petição que lhe é dirigida durante longo espaço de tempo, para beneficiar-se com a decadência, atitude que se não compadece com o sistema jurídico-constitucional vigente.- Consoante jurisprudência assente no STJ, se, nas informações, a autoridade impetrada contestou o mérito do mandamus, convola-se, ipso facto, em autoridade coatora, considerando-se o ato coator como se de sua autoria fosse.- A inclusão de entidade sindical no AESB não constitui ato concessivo de personalidade jurídica, nem confere, ao requerente, legitimidade para representar a categoria respectiva.- Em havendo impugnação, na esfera administrativa, o requerimento de arquivo no registro de sindicatos se transmudou em litígio, devendo o órgão da administração aguardar a solução das pendências na esfera jurisdicional.