bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the Potential of S4 on Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells: Impact on Proliferation, Apoptosis, Senescence, and Metabolome Profile
Authors: Demircan Turan , Yavuz Mervenur , Bölük Aydın
Published: January 2025

Background:

Lung cancer is a highly aggressive tumor with limited therapeutic options. The misregulation
of Androgen Receptor (AR) signaling has been observed in lung cancer. Therefore, inhibiting AR signaling
is a promising strategy for treating lung cancer.

Objective:

Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs) are small molecule drugs with a high affinity for
the AR. S4, a member of SARMs was potentially positioned as a promising therapeutic agent in A549 lung cancer
cells owing to its high bioavailability, lesser side effects, and novelty in cancer.

Methods:

We employed several techniques to investigate the potential anti-carcinogenic effect of S4 on A549
cells at cellular level. The cytotoxicity of S4 was investigated thorough MTT, and the IC50 value was identified
as 0.22 mM. Then, the anchorage-dependent and -independent colonization of cells were assessed by colony
formation and soft agar assays, respectively. Additionally, migration capacity, apoptosis, proliferation, senescene,
cell-cycle progression of cells was examined thoroughly. In addition, gene expression profile and metabolome
signature were explored via qRT-PCR and metabolomics, respectively to provide molecular links for S4 mode of
action.

Results:

Our findings demonstrate that S4 inhibited growth, migration, and proliferation while inducing apoptosis.
S4 significantly upregulated the BAX, CDKN1A, PUMA, and GADD45A genes while downregulating MKI67,
BIRC5, and PCNA expression. S4 treatment drastically altered the metabolome signature, and enrichment of
cancer related pathways by altered metabolites was noteworthy.

Conclusion:

We report the first study evaluating the potential anti-carcinogenic effects of S4 on lung cancer invitro
which would bridge the gap on the utility of SARMs as inhibitors of lung cancer. Our results suggest that S4
could be considered as a promising drug candidate to test further for lung cancer treatment.

conclusion:

We report the first study evaluating the potential anti-carcinogenic effects of S4 on lung cancer in-vitro which would bridge the gap on the utility of SARMs as inhibitors of lung cancer.
Enhancing Solubility of a BCS Class II Drug- Itraconazole by Developing
and Optimizing Solid Lipid Nanoparticles using a Central Composite
Design
Authors: Mohammed Irfan A. , Jonnalagadda Sriramakamal
Published: January 2025

Background:

Itraconazole (ICZ) has been approved by the FDA to treat many fungal infections including, blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, and aspergillosis. ICZ can be also used as
prophylaxis in the population who are at high risk for developing systemic fungal infections, such
as HIV patients, and chemotherapy patients.

Aim:

However, since ICZ is a BCS Class II drug that has low solubility and high permeability,
leads to low oral bioavailability. In addition, the absorption of ICZ from commercial oral dosage
forms is highly affected by food intake and pH.

Objective:

The current study aimed to develop, optimize, and characterize ICZ-loaded solid lipid
nanoparticles (ICZ-SLNs) using a Central Composite Design for improved solubility and extendedrelease profile.

Methods:

ICZ-SLNs were optimized based on physicochemical characteristics. ICZ-SLNs were also evaluated for differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), in-vitro release, lyophilization, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and physicochemical stability at refrigerated and room temperatures for three months.

Results:

The optimized ICZ-SLNs formulation showed particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, drug content, and entrapment efficiency of 335.6±8.0 nm, 0.25±0.02, -23.8±0.5 mV,
98.3±2.5%, and 99.5±1.5%, respectively. ICZ-SLN dispersions showed extended-release profiles
for ICZ compared to the control solution over 24 h. The absence of the endothermic melting drug
peak of the lyophilized formulation indicated that the drug was converted to its amorphous form inside the solid matrix. In addition, TEM studies showed spherical shape nanoparticles. Moreover, the
optimized ICZ-SLN formulation was stable at both tested storage conditions

Conclusion:

The current ICZ formulation could exhibit improved oral bioavailability with better
therapeutic outcomes during the treatment of systemic fungal infections.
Analytical Modeling of Inductance for Variable Flux Reluctance Machine with Fully Understanding of Influence of Geometrical Parameters
Authors: Zhao Qiang , Liu Xu
Published: January 2025

Background:

The winding function method, commonly utilized for calculating machine
inductance, requires solving the integral involving the product of the winding function and
air-gap flux density. However, obtaining an analytical result for inductance via the winding function
method in a variable flux reluctance machine (VFRM) is challenging due to the complex airgap
flux density in its doubly salient structure.

Objective:

An analytical model of VFRM inductance is established with a comprehensive understanding
of the influence of geometrical parameters.

Methods:

This paper presents a novel approach to transform the product of the winding function
and air-gap flux density into a cosine series. Then, the integral can be calculated with the aid of
the periodicity of trigonometric functions.

Results:

The analytical results of the winding inductance are validated by the finite element method
(FEM) simulations and experimental measurements. The relative error for the three-phase peak
self-inductances is 4.8% between analytical and FEM results and does not exceed 4.9% between
analytical and experimental results.

Conclusion:

With this approach, the Fourier series of inductance can be calculated analytically
rather than numerically. The relationship between the harmonic amplitude/order of inductance and
machine parameters is revealed. This analytical model can provide the preliminary basis for the
inductance design of VFRMs.
Nanocarrier Breakthroughs: Revolutionizing Cancer Treatment with
Nanotechnology
Authors: Patil Vaibhav L. , Rane Bhushan R. , Jain Ashish
Published: January 2025

Cancer ranks as the second leading cause of death globally. Cancer can be addressed
through several primary methods, including radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy,
surgery, or a combination of these treatments. Conventional cancer therapies often fall short due
to several critical issues: they lack specificity, leading to damage in both cancerous and healthy
cells; exhibit high cytotoxicity, causing severe side effects; have a short half-life, necessitating frequent administration; suffer from poor solubility, reducing effectiveness; encounter multi-drug resistance, diminishing their efficacy; and struggle with the presence of stem-like cancer cells,
which can cause recurrence and metastasis.

The development of nanotechnology has brought about a revolutionary phase in cancer therapy,
and nanocarriers have emerged as a game-changing method of delivering medications. This paper
explores the groundbreaking developments in using nanocarriers as a cancer treatment tool. This
also covers the various research published in the last few years, multiple patents filed, ongoing
and completed clinical studies, and FDA-approved nanocarriers. Nanocarriers, a diverse group
comprising liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, etc., present distinctive advantages in cancer therapy. These represent an improvement in
cancer therapy tactics, including targeted drug delivery, controlled release kinetics, and the ability
to overcome multidrug resistance mechanisms.

The promise of these nanoscale vehicles in cancer is demonstrated by clinical achievements like
those of Doxil, Abraxane, and Onivyde. These technologies will be improved by further research.
Nanocarriers can effectively treat various cancers by the mechanism of active and passive targeting. The various applications of nanocarriers in diagnostic medicine, preventive medicine, and
therapeutic medicine further improve their clinical applicability. Despite the vast amount of research being conducted in this area, several obstacles remain, including technological, biological,
and regulatory challenges. Researchers are trying their best to find a way out of these difficulties.
Further research on this topic will help to improve the clinical translation of nanocarriers.
Impact of Furfural Raffinate Oil as a Filling Agent on the Vulcanization and Mechanical Properties of Rubber
Authors: Wali Suleiman A. , Mohammed Abubakar , Abubakar Abdulhalim Musa , Usman Abdulmuhsin , Khan Kamran
Published: January 2025

Background:

This study investigates the utilization of furfural raffinate oil (FRO) as a
filling agent in rubber vulcanization processes, focusing on its impact on the mechanical properties
of various rubber types. The research aims to understand how different amounts of 2# and 4#
Raffinate oils affect the vulcanization characteristics of chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), natural
rubber (NR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), and cis-butadiene rubber (BR).

Method:

Through experimental analysis, the density-temperature relationship of raffinate oils was
examined, revealing distinct differences between 2# and 4#, which have implications for their
composition and properties. The study involved filling CPE rubber with slurry FRO and evaluating
the mechanical properties across different samples. Standardized tests were used to assess the
physical and mechanical properties of the vulcanized rubber, ensuring quality and performance
consistency in rubber products.

Result:

The findings show that the CPE rubber filled with slurry FRO exhibits varying mechanical
properties across different samples. Changes in tensile strength were observed to enhance mechanical
strength, while variations in elongation at break with different oil fillings indicated the impact
of oil content on flexibility and stretchability. Additionally, changes in tear strength with varying
oil fillings improved the tear resistance and durability of the rubber materials.

Conclusion:

These results suggest that the choice of filler oil significantly influences the mechanical
properties of vulcanized rubber. The study highlights the potential of furfural raffinate oil as
an alternative or complementary option to traditional filling oils in the rubber industry. Exploring
novel additives like FRO could optimize rubber properties and applications, offering valuable insights
for enhancing the performance and durability of rubber products.
An Overview of FDA-approved Anticancer and Biologics in 2023: An
Observational Study
Authors: Shukla Ajay Kumar , Sarajhna Ashish Kumar , misra Saurav
Published: January 2025

Background:

The United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) is responsible for ensuring public health by conducting a comprehensive assessment and approval of
pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and food products. The federal agency conducts a thorough
evaluation of drug safety and efficacy before granting market approval.

Material and Methods:

This retrospective study aimed to analyse all new drug approvals that
took place during the 2023 study period using an observational, record-based approach. To
gather data on drug approvals by the US FDA, we relied on the FDA database website. We also
conducted a literature search on electronic databases like PubMed, clinicaltrials.gov, and the
Cochrane database to gather comprehensive drug-related information

Results:

In the CY 2023, a total of 55 drugs were approved by US-FDA. Out of which 23 drugs
(42%) were given orphan drug designation and 12 drugs (22%) were approved in first in class
category during this period. US-FDA has gave 7 breakthrough approvals, 22 priority, 18 fast
track, 2 Qualified Infectious Disease Product Designation, 4 accelerated approvals in CY2023.
There were 16 drugs (29%) which were approved for cancer in 2023 by US-FDA. Out of 16
drugs, 06 belongs to tyrosine kinase class, 07 were monoclonal antibody and 01 each of gamma
secretase inhibitor, estrogen receptor antagonist and radioactive drug. During the CY 2023, 16
(29%) biological drugs were approved which included monoclonal antibodies, (N=12), enzymes derivatives (N= 3) and hormones derivatives (N=1)

Conclusion:

Notable advancements in the drug development market were witnessed between
2015 and 2022, and 2023 was no different. The total number novel drugs approved was significantly higher than previous year. Expedited approval of anticancer and biologics is seen as
recent trend in drug development.
Apontamentos para a organização temática dos acervos das bibliotecas monásticas
Authors: Pestana Olívia
Published: January 2025

Monastic libraries have been the subject of various studies over the years, especially in relation to monasteries and monastic life, the history of the religious orders in which they are located, religious education, and the reading habits of the monks. The studies carried out in Portugal have revealed some of the methods of organisation used in these libraries, as there are few elements of thematic organisation that have survived to the present day. It is therefore important to understand the tools of thematic organisation that make it possible to create a catalogue organised according to the national and international normative principles of subject indexing currently in force, and to apply them to the reconstruction of the collections. The aim of this article is to contribute to the development of practices for the application of current knowledge organisation systems, in particular classifications and controlled vocabularies, to the reconstruction of monastic library collections, with the aim of creating subject access points in printed catalogues or in databases
A escrita como pilar da oralidade planeada em português L2
Authors: Araujo Catarina Oliveira de , Lopes Ângela Filipe
Published: January 2025

In the context of language learning, there is a recurring expecta-tion among learners to develop and achieve better results in oral production. However, we acknowledge that L2 learning becomes more complete when linguistic capacities are well integrated during this process. From this stan-dpoint, we consider that, in an online teaching context of Portuguese L2, we could encourage a more fluent and structured oral production, i.e., with a re-duction in pauses and hesitations, as well as the expansion of the linguistic repertoire, based on the contribution of writing, since both are communicative expressions with similar and complementary domains (Marcuschi 2010). In order to build a didactic strategy to achieve this objective, we established pa-rameters to evaluate, at the intermediate level (B1), planned and unplanned oral production, focusing on pauses in oral discourse (Goldman-Eisler 1968; Scliar-Cabral 1991) and, in relation to writing, the concept of density of ideas (Snowdon 1999; Kemper 2001; Lopes 2020, 2021). Finally, we found that the learners achieved more fluent oral performances, although they are variable. This variability may result from the unequal relationship with reading-wri-ting, whether in L1 or L2, as well as from other individual differences (Krashen 1985; Ellis 1994; Cook 2002; Dewaele 2002).
Samira Saramo, Building That Bright Future: Soviet Karelia in the Life Writing of Finnish North Americans
Authors: Domina Lynn
Published: January 2025

In Building That Bright Future: Soviet Karelia in the Life Writing of Finnish North Americans, Samira Saramo has written an interesting and clear study of a significant but little-known series of events in world history. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, over 300,000 Finns immigrated to the United States and Canada, often settling in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula and northern Wisconsin and Minnesota. During the early 1930s, many of these immigrants were actively recruited to return, not to Finland proper but to Karelia, a frequently-disputed region on the border of Finland and what was then the Soviet Union. Many of these Finns tended politically toward socialism and perceived the Soviet Union as a favorable sign of the kind of future they believed in. Simultaneously, they were attractive to members of the Karelian leadership because they were more educated than most residents of the region and were assumed to have greater access to tools, machinery, and other financial resources. Eventually, about 6500 North American Finns moved to Karelia, where they were met with significant social and physical challenges. Many of them eventually died during the Stalinist Great Terror.
Estrategias didácticas para la construcción de una cultura higiénica en comunidades educativas de educación inicial
Authors: Oyaga Martínez Rafael Fernando , Granados Mejia Jenny , Arias Granados Liset Carolina
Published: January 2025

The research work in educational communities of initial education is presented through an extensive bibliographic review, in 2022 in order to implement strategies to strengthen the habits of hygienic culture. Hygiene habits are related to the first stage of the child's development. They look at the early basic needs because it is the right stage for the development and formation of certain qualities making it necessary to create skills that enable the adoption of actions that will become habits. Cleanliness is essential to avoid or combat alterations in the body that give rise to pathologies caused by germs or bacteria that hurt the human body causing the person to have dermis or gastrointestinal diseases.Throughout the arrival of children at school, in their first years of life, the teacher should promote sovereignty in the practice of their occupations that will govern their daily lives, with cleaning being one of the most relevant pieces in the purchase of this.
Efecto antimicrobiano de extractos de cáscara de café (Coffea arabica) en Escherichia coli, Trichoderma spp y Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Authors: Carrillo Pisco Maria Laura , Revilla Escobar Karol Yannela , Sánchez Aguilera Damaris Dalia
Published: January 2025

El café genera cantidades significativas de desechos según el procesamiento, cabe mencionar que la cáscara del grano de café seco corresponde al 45 % de su peso, con un pH de 3.77 y 6.86 % de humedad. Cabe mencionar que la compleja mezcla de sustancias químicas presentes en la cascara ya sea de forma natural (ácido clorogénico) o producidas principalmente a partir del proceso de tostado (melanoidina) son polifenoles que brindan beneficios para la salud. Por este motivo, el presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objeto evaluar el efecto antimicrobiano del extracto acuoso de la cáscara de café arábigo (Coffea arabica) sobre Escherichia coli, Trichoderma spp y Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Para el análisis estadístico se realizó un diseño bifactorial A*B, donde se emplearon cuatro extractos al 10 % de cascara de café arábico, utilizando como solventes agua, cetona, hexano y etanol, en el cual se pretrataron en un baño ultrasónico durante una hora a 40 Herz de frecuencia, se eliminó el solvente en un rotavapor al vacío y se añadió 40 ml de agua destilada. La siembra se realizó en placas Petri films 3M en las cuales se agregó 1 ml de inóculos de los tres microorganismos estudiados y 0.5 ml de los diferentes extractos, se dejó incubar a 37 °C por 72 horas, posteriormente se realizó el conteo de las Unidades Formadoras de Colonias (UFC). De esta forma, se demostró que el extracto acuoso en cetona presentó el 100 % de efecto antimicrobiano Escherichia coli y Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mientras que Hexano tubo mayor efecto en Trichoderma spp.
Implementación del sistema de gestión ambiental SIGA en una Universidad Publica en Colombia
Authors: Samper Maestría Orlando Miranda , Oyaga Martínez Rafael Fernando , Campo Calderón Iván
Published: January 2025

La Universidad Popular del Cesar como institución de educación superior, y concibiendo dentro de su misión y política institucional el tema ambiental como eje fundamental para la conservación y prevalencia de la vida, enfoca todas sus estrategias y herramientas para vislumbrar, comprender y analizar el panorama general de la problemática ambiental y el deterioro de los ecosistemas, la cual se ha incrementado en las últimas décadas, fenómeno mundial que ataca a todas las culturas, sin distingo de raza o posición geográfica o social, ocasionado muchas veces por el mismo crecimiento económico y demográfico que es sin duda uno de los factores que acrecienta esta problemática.
El presente trabajo surge de la necesidad que posee la Universidad Popular del Cesar, seccional Aguachica, de enfocar los esfuerzos organizacionales hacia la identificación y tratamiento de aspectos e impactos ambientales generados por las actividades realizadas durante el proceso y la prestación de servicios, con la finalidad de promover el mejoramiento continuo de la universidad y la competitividad en el mercado generando servicios de buena calidad con el menor impacto ambiental posible.
 Dentro de su política institucional y de acuerdo al direccionamiento estratégico de un sistema de gestión ambiental en la universidad es indispensable debido a que encamina el desarrollo del SGA a partir de un diagnóstico inicial integrado, donde todos los aspectos concernientes al proceso, dan como resultado la Planificación del Sistema de Gestión Ambiental dentro de la Universidad Popular del Cesar, seccional Aguachica que incluye, entre otros, los requisitos generales, la política ambiental, la identificación y documentación de aspectos e impactos ambientales, requisitos legales y otros requisitos y los objetivos, metas y programas ambientales.
La Universidad como centro generador de conocimiento es responsable de aumentar y afianzar desde el ámbito académico herramientas existentes para mejorar el desempeño y así llegar a la excelencia.
Los Clústeres como ventaja competitiva en el sector textil -confección del Departamento Norte de Santander.
Authors: Julio Becerra Wilmer Arley
Published: January 2025

El presente artículo de investigación destaca el papel que interpretalos clústeres en la generación de ventajas competitivas en las empresaspara incentivar el desarrollo a nivel regional o nacional, de igual manerase determinó el ciclo de vida de los clústeres, así como sus beneficios eimportancia, resaltando la participación del modelo diamante de Portercomo análisis de ventajas competitivas y la relación directa del clúster conla cadena de valor, para el desarrollo del artículo se obtuvo informaciónde las diferentes bases de datos como metodología, a su vez se justificauna ventana de observación y los criterios de inclusión. Por último, sedemuestra el desempeño competitivo regional mediante los factores de lacompetitividad y se analiza las exportaciones del sector textil - confecciónen los últimos 3 años en Colombia y el departamento Norte de Santander.Los resultados señalan la importancia de formar parte de un clúster para elcrecimiento económico regional y el refuerzo de las ventajas competitivasde las empresas involucradas con el fin de mejorar el nivel competitivo deestas en el sector textil - confección del Departamento Norte de Santander
Predicting Age and Visual-Motor Integration Using Origami Photographs: Deep Learning Study
Authors: Huang Chien-Yu , Yu Yen-Ting , Chen Kuan-Lin , Lien Jenn-Jier , Lin Gong-Hong , Hsieh Ching-Lin
Published: January 2025

Background

Origami is a popular activity among preschool children and can be used by therapists as an evaluation tool to assess children’s development in clinical settings. It is easy to implement, appealing to children, and time-efficient, requiring only simple materials—pieces of paper. Furthermore, the products of origami may reflect children’s ages and their visual-motor integration (VMI) development. However, therapists typically evaluate children’s origami creations based primarily on their personal background knowledge and clinical experience, leading to subjective and descriptive feedback. Consequently, the effectiveness of using origami products to determine children’s age and VMI development lacks empirical support.

Objective

This study had two main aims. First, we sought to apply artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to origami products to predict children’s ages and VMI development, including VMI level (standardized scores) and VMI developmental status (typical, borderline, or delayed). Second, we explored the performance of the AI models using all combinations of photographs taken from different angles.

Methods

A total of 515 children aged 2-6 years were recruited and divided into training and testing groups at a 4:1 ratio. Children created origami dogs, which were photographed from 8 different angles. The Beery–Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration, 6th Edition, was used to assess the children’s VMI levels and developmental status. Three AI models—ResNet-50, XGBoost, and a multilayer perceptron—were combined sequentially to predict age z scores and VMI z scores using the training group. The trained models were then tested using the testing group, and the accuracy of the predicted VMI developmental status was also calculated.

Results

The R2 of the age and the VMI trained models ranged from 0.50 to 0.73 and from 0.50 to 0.66, respectively. The AI models that obtained an R2>0.70 for the age model and an R2>0.60 for the VMI model were selected for model testing. Those models were further examined for the accuracy of the VMI developmental status, the correlations, and the mean absolute error (MAE) of both the age and the VMI models. The accuracy of the VMI developmental status was about 71%-76%. The correlations between the final predicted age z score and the real age z score ranged from 0.84 to 0.85, and the correlations of the final predicted VMI z scores to the real z scores ranged from 0.77 to 0.81. The MAE of the age models ranged from 0.42 to 0.46 and those of the VMI models ranged from 0.43 to 0.48.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that AI techniques have a significant potential for predicting children’s development. The insights provided by AI may assist therapists in better interpreting children’s performance in activities.
Ability to Use eHealth Among Older Adults: The Role of Overall Health, Mobility, and Socioeconomic Deprivation (Preprint)
Authors: Aoun Bernard , Ebbert Jon , Ramar Priya , Roellinger Daniel , Philpot Lindsey
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Background: Increasing reliance on digital health resources can create disparities among older patients. Understanding health-related, mobility and socioeconomic factors associated with the use of eHealth technologies is important for addressing inequitable access to healthcare.

OBJECTIVE

We sought to assess digital health literacy among patients aged ≥ 65 years and identify factors associated with their ability to access, understand, and use digital health resources.

METHODS

We conducted a cross-sectional survey including 871 patients aged ≥ 65 years. Analyses were performed to identify associations between digital health literacy and self-rated health, mobility and socioeconomic deprivation assessed with the area deprivation index (ADI).

RESULTS

Respondents with lower self-rated health had lower levels of digital health literacy with only 54.2% with poor self-rated health able to send a message to their doctor compared to 89.5% of patients with excellent self-rated health. All comparisons across the digital health literacy domains were statistically significant by self-rated health (P<0.05). Respondents with mobility restrictions had lower levels of digital health literacy across several domains with only 32.6% able to use a video/camera with their doctor compared to 48% without mobility restrictions (P=0.0010). Respondents with a high ADI (≥80%) also had lower levels of digital health literacy across several domains with only 57.4% able to send a message to their doctor compared to 80.2% without a high ADI.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to improve engagement with eHealth among patients aged ≥ 65 years which is impacted by poor health, limited mobility, and socioeconomic deprivation. Enhancing digital health literacy can help bridge the gap in access to digital health resources and improve overall health outcomes for this population.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and emergency medicine: the race to the unknown (Preprint)
Authors: Amiot Félix , Potier Benoit , Viard Thibault , Tellier Eric , Peschanski Nicolas
Published: January 2025

UNSTRUCTURED

Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large-scale language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, has emerged as a technology of significant impact in various fields, including medicine. This rapid development presents both opportunities and risks, particularly in the context of emergency medicine, where AI could transform clinical practices, but also raises concerns regarding the safety and reliability of its applications. This update aims to evaluate the implications of AI in the medical field, examining its potential applications in emergency medicine, its benefits and limitations, and the challenges of achieving general artificial intelligence (GAI). A literature review was conducted to analyze the current capabilities of AIs in health data processing, medical imaging, and clinical process improvement, while addressing concerns raised by hallucination phenomena and LLM performance in the context of rare or atypical cases. AI models offer substantial advantages in triage, patient flow optimization, bed management, and care prioritization in emergency medicine. However, significant risks remain, including AI hallucinations that can generate erroneous information and LLM limitations for infrequent clinical situations, potentially compromising patient safety. AI represents revolutionary potential for emergency medicine, but it necessitates a rigorous regulatory and safety approach to mitigate associated risks. The implementation of safety standards and supervisory practices becomes essential to ensure the safe and effective integration of AI into clinical medicine.
NeuroPace Responsive Neurostimulation System (RNS): Progress, Challenges, and Future Opportunities for Treatment of Drug-Resistant Epilepsy (Preprint)
Authors: Kumar Ashvin , Jandial Zain , Levy Michael
Published: January 2025

UNSTRUCTURED

Epilepsy is a relatively common neurological disorder, and treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy remains a clinical challenge. Neurostimulator devices have gained traction for their real-time diagnostic and stimulation abilities. Here, we consider one such FDA-approved neurostimulator device – the NeuroPace Responsive Neurostimulation System. We discuss its mechanism of action, as well its clinical efficacy and safety profile as has been illuminated through longitudinal studies. We also contextualize potential challenges in the wide-scale adoption of NeuroPace RNS, and point to areas that require further research.
Faculty Retreats in Academic Medicine: Tutorial (Preprint)
Authors: Skains Rachel , Brown Julie , Shufflebarger Erin F. , McGiboney Justine , Hicks Sherell , McDonald Laine , Griesmer Katherine B. , Shaw Christine , Grass Emily , Elie Marie-Carmelle , Walter Lauren A.
Published: January 2025

UNSTRUCTURED

Faculty development in academic medicine is important to promote personal and
professional growth over the course of a career. Faculty retreats have increasingly
emerged as a faculty development strategy which can broadly impact individual as well
as departmental or institutional needs; however, limited resources are available, with
specificity to academic medicine, to guide a department or other organizers on how to
implement a faculty retreat. As such, this review attempts to consider the impact of
faculty retreats as well as provide structure and organization for an effective retreat
planning strategy, including pre-retreat needs assessment, implementation, and post-retreat considerations.
El servicio doméstico infantil en la ciudad de Toluca, 1830-1835
Authors: Cruz Baena María Elena
Published: January 2025

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las condiciones sociales y económicas que experimentó la infancia en situación de pobreza y abandono de la ciudad de Toluca, México, entre 1830 y 1835, un sector demográfico que tuvo el servicio doméstico como opción inmediata para su sustento. La investigación problematiza los roles que niños y niñas de los sectores populares desempeñaron como criados y criadas, con base en variables étnicas, etarias y de género que permiten identificar sus experiencias laborales, sociales y familiares durante los últimos cinco años de la Primera República Federal.
Teorías de la prueba y decisiones judiciales constitutivas
Authors: Lira-Rodríguez Renato
Published: January 2025

A key aspect of Kelsen's work is the development of the constitutive character of the judicial decision. In this paper I critically review three evidentiary theories that argue with this author to reject or accept the constitutive character of evidentiary statements (“it is proven that p”). The issue is a delicate one since the decision is expected to be based on facts that actually occurred, and not on mere discursive creations of the court. I argue that such theories have partially convergent and useful approaches to develop a comprehensive view of what it means to utters a evidentiary statement.
El derecho humano al agua potable en Yucatán: observaciones antropológicas
Authors: Krotz Esteban
Published: January 2025

El ensayo inicia con un esbozo del problema mundial creciente del acceso al agua dulce. Después de consideraciones generales sobre el aporte de la antropología sociocultural a la reflexión sobre los derechos humanos, se describe la emergencia de la idea del derecho humano al agua potable y al saneamiento. Los siguientes apartados caracterizan la situación de dicho derecho humano en México y en Yucatán. Y finaliza con varias propuestas que ubican la problemática técnica en el marco de una opción por un modelo civilizatorio diferente.
El papel de las organizaciones de la sociedad civil en las labores de apoyo, después del huracán Otis, en Guerrero
Authors: Montoya Vargas Fernando
Published: January 2025

El presente estudio analiza el papel que desempeñaron diversas organizaciones de la sociedad civil en operaciones de apoyo en zonas afectadas de Acapulco, Guerrero, México, por el huracán Otis, en octubre de 2023. En un principio, resulta importante definir qué se entiende por organizaciones de la sociedad civil, a partir de diferentes visiones teóricas. Enseguida, se hace un repaso histórico a las fases de la construcción de movimientos y organizaciones en la entidad. Se muestra un mapeo estadístico local, considerando datos generales sobre niveles poblacionales, pobreza, analfabetismo y escolaridad. Posteriormente, se presenta una radiografía actual de las organizaciones de la sociedad civil en Guerrero. Finalmente, se analiza el papel de organizaciones y sus acciones humanitarias para atender a población afectada por el huracán. Para el desarrollo de este apartado resultó fundamental el análisis de datos obtenidos mediante una encuesta realizada a organizaciones locales, de la literatura existente, así como del ejercicio del derecho de acceso a la información.
„Számolni akarunk a haladó korral és számolni akarunk a szülők egy igen számottevő részének óhajaival”. Klebelsberg Kuno és a középiskolák átalakításának háttere
Authors: Ujváry Gábor
Published: January 2025

Trefort Ágoston 1883-as középiskolai törvényének megújítását a 20. század elejétől szorgalmazták a magyar oktatáspolitikában jártas szakemberek. 1906-ban és 1915-ben már a Vallás- és Közoktatásügyi Minisztériumban is tervezték a középiskolák reformját, az első világháború és az annak elvesztését követő folyamatok azonban gátolták ennek megvalósítását. 1921-ben Vass József kultuszminiszter kezdeményezte a korábbi rendszer átalakítását, amelyet aztán utódja, a magyar kulturális politika számos területét megújító Klebelsberg Kuno is felkarolt. Hosszas előkészületek és viták után 1924. április 4-én fogadta el a nemzetgyűlés a középiskolák trifurkációjáról (gimnázium, reálgimnázium, reáliskola) és az itt szerzett érettségi bizonyítványok egyenjogúsításáról szóló XI. törvénycikket, amely viszonylag rövid életű volt: 1934-ben a középiskolák egységességét kimondó XXI. törvénycikk váltotta föl.
Az 1924. évi középiskolai törvény és a református egyház
Authors: Rébay Magdolna
Published: January 2025

Kutatásunkban az 1924. évi középiskolai törvény református fogadtatását mutatjuk be három kérdésre fókuszálva, melyek az intézményhálózat racionalizálása, az iskolatípus megválasztása és a lányok fiú-középiskolai tanulmányai. Forrásaink egyházi értekezletek jegyzőkönyvei voltak. Eredményeink alapján autonómiájára hivatkozva a református egyház mind a három kérdésében sikeresen keresztül vitte akaratát a kormányzattal szemben. Nem került sor református középiskola bezárására, s több református fiú-középiskola reálgimnázium helyett gimnázium maradhatott. A vallás- és közoktatásügyi miniszter tehát végül a felekezeti érde-kekre tekintettel volt. Érdekes, hogy volt, ahol sikerült elérni a református egyháznak a gimnáziumi és reálgimnáziumi párhuzamos osztály engedélyezését (Sárospatak, az angol nyelvű oktatásra hivatkozva), volt, ahol nem (Debrecen és Pápa). A leányok státusza pedig az állami szabályozástól eltérően nyilvános tanuló is lehetett azokban a református fiú-középiskolákban, amelyek székhelyen nem volt református leány-középiskola.
RELIGIÃO E ECOLOGIA
Authors: Carvalho Costa Moab César , Feitosa Conceição Graziela
Published: January 2025

Este estudo investigou a trajetória histórica que levou à integração da Igreja Católica nos movimentos em prol do meio ambiente. Para isso, examinamos a evolução do posicionamento católico em relação às questões ecológicas, analisando os pronunciamentos dos papas desde os anos 1970. Ao explorar os conceitos de ecologia integral, participação em conferências internacionais e mudanças na liderança papal, identificamos as características distintivas da narrativa católica, buscando compreender as motivações que levaram a Instituição a se engajar nas questões ambientais. Por meio de métodos de pesquisa exploratória e análise documental, examinamos documentos oficiais da Igreja, incluindo cartas, encíclicas e constituições apostólicas.
ENTRE GUIAS, GIRAS E ORIXÁS
Authors: Lopes Ribeiro Francisco Natanael , Da Silva Rodrigues Ozaias
Published: January 2025

Partindo de uma pesquisa de campo que incluiu observação participante e entrevistas a lideranças religiosas, o presente artigo aborda as práticas de cuidado e saúde em um terreiro de Umbanda, localizado no município de Groaíras, Ceará. A partir dessa pesquisa, identificamos as concepções de saúde existentes no terreiro e buscamos compreender como essas concepções são apresentadas para as pessoas que procuram o referido terreiro. A pesquisa nos levou a entender que a Umbanda, através de suas práticas, tem se configurado como uma ferramenta potente no cuidado em saúde dos indivíduos que procuram a religião para fins de cura e autocuidado.
COSMOLOGIA INDÍGENA EM SALA DE AULA
Authors: Santos do Nascimento Genifer , Garcia Almeida Simone
Published: January 2025

Este estudo evidencia a cosmologia indígena e o papel da mitologia para o povo indígena Wajãpi do Amapá. Desse modo, é abordado os mitos nas sociedades indígenas, as suas percepções de mundo e como interferem no cotidiano dessas etnias. Em especial, destaca-se os mitos dos Wajãpi e como os elementos filosóficos de sua cosmologia são associados ao seu dia a dia, a sua religiosidade, além de ser explorado também aspectos da história desses sujeitos, sua origem, suas terras, o fortalecimento de seu modo de ser e as suas formas de Bem-Viver. Buscou-se também reconhecer a relevância que há na utilização de mitologias indígenas no campo educacional de História, as quais ainda são pouco conhecidas tanto no ambiente escolar, quanto fora dele. Assim, é crucial que sejam reconhecidas e valorizadas como um elemento importante da cultura do povo Wajãpi.
TONS MESTIÇOS CRUZANDO A LINHA DA COR
Authors: Lima Sales Roberto , Assmann Saraiva Juracy , Mügge Ernani
Published: January 2025

O filme Identidade (2021), dirigido por Rebecca Hall, é baseado no romance Passing, de Nella Larsen, publicado em 1929. O artigo refere os valores e a ideologia racial que circulavam na sociedade estadunidense após a abolição da escravatura no país, no século XIX, e que são expressos pela narrativa fílmica. Nesse contexto, sob uma perspectiva sociológica e narratológica, analisa a crise de identidade das protagonistas Irene Redfield e Clare Kendry e a complexidade da performance da branquitude praticada por essa última. O artigo conclui que, por meio de sua representação ficcional, em que se evidenciam os recursos da linguagem cinematográfica, o filme traduz a complexidade do processo de constituição da identidade do sujeito e denuncia os mecanismos de opressão impostos pela classe hegemônica a grupos sociais devido a sua raça, gênero e classe, negando-lhes o reconhecimento de sua dignidade.
Emprendimiento rural en Sinaloa Desafíos, oportunidades y su impacto en el desarrollo económico y social
Authors: Hernández Osuna Adolfo Arturo
Published: January 2025

El emprendimiento rural en Sinaloa, México enfrenta múltiples desafíos, incluyendo el acceso limitado a financiamiento, la insuficiencia de infraestructura básica, las dificultades para acceder a mercados y la falta de capacitación adecuada, no obstante, existen numerosas oportunidades que, de ser aprovechadas, podrían transformar la economía rural y mejorar la calidad de vida de sus habitantes, este estudio analiza estos desafíos,  oportunidades y evalúa su impacto en el desarrollo económico y social de la región, se recopilaron datos de encuestas y entrevistas con emprendedores rurales y representantes institucionales, los hallazgos revelan que el emprendimiento rural contribuye significativamente a la generación de empleo, la reducción de la pobreza y la cohesión social, aunque es esencial implementar políticas públicas y programas de apoyo que aborden las barreras existentes y potencien las oportunidades identificadas, este artículo proporciona recomendaciones para promover un entorno propicio para el desarrollo empresarial en las zonas rurales de Sinaloa, México.
Mitos y realidades de la formación en Mercadotecnia Ecológica en la práctica: una revisión documental
Authors: Pérez Mendoza Marcos , Cuevas Álvarez María Cruz , Vélez Tellez Miguel Armando
Published: January 2025

Las grandes empresas, con la meta de atraer nuevos clientes, emplean tácticas poco éticas como el greenwashing, engañando al consumidor para que compre sus productos bajo una apariencia ecológica, cuidado del medio ambiente y reducción de uso de recursos naturales. Sin embargo, Green Marketing sigue una metodología específica con la publicidad y presentación de los productos ecológicos. El propósito de este estudio cualitativo es identificar las distinciones entre el greenwashing y el green marketing, para formar profesionales éticos y socialmente responsables en Mercadotecnia. Se utilizó la técnica de revisión documental, identificando 5 ecosellos internacionales, una experta y referente internacional en el tema, y 5 recomendaciones para proteger la reputación de la marca. La relevancia surge a partir de la adopción de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de la ONU, de la necesidad de adoptar una mentalidad ecológica y exigir a las organizaciones que sean Empresas Socialmente Responsables, certificando sus productos y procesos. Que comuniquen sus prácticas basadas en las 3 Rs: reducir, reutilizar, reciclar o de acuerdo con las normas internacionales ISO 14000 y 14001. Esta formación académica debe estar orientada al desarrollo de valores éticos y profesionales para una formación integral.
The factors affecting the implementation of training and fostering policies for civil servants: A governance context
Authors: Le Vu Thi Phuong , Tuan Phan Van , Binh Pham Thi , Ly Nguyen Khanh , Hai Nguyen Chi
Published: January 2025

Civil servants are essential in implementing economic and social development plans in countries worldwide (Van Tuan et al., 2023). Training for civil servants equips them with knowledge and professional skills to effectively perform their duties (Hai et al., 2023). This will help improve the quality of citizen service and ensure professionalism in performing tasks. This study aims to discover factors affecting the implementation of civil servant training and development policies. The research methods include descriptive statistical analysis, and regression analysis of structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze data collected from a survey of 433 civil servants in Vietnam. Findings in the study include four factors affecting the implementation of civil servant training policies, including: 1) the nature of the policy implementation problem (NPIP), 2) resources for policy implementation (RFPI), 3) the capacity of civil servants, and 4) policy implementation environment (PIEN). The research results are of significance in improving the quality, and efficiency of civil servants. State agencies can refer to this to train civil servants in Vietnam to meet the needs of the people and society in the future.
Relative Performance Information and Employee Performance: The Role of Need for Cognition
Authors: Erickson Devon , Holderness D. Kip , Olsen Kari Joseph , Thornock Todd A.
Published: January 2025

Relative performance information (RPI) represents a potentially beneficial feedback mechanism, but its motivational effects may depend on recipients’ characteristics. This paper explores whether a key employee trait—need for cognition (NFC)—moderates the motivational effects of RPI. Using a laboratory experiment, we find that an expectation of RPI enhances task performance for lower-NFC individuals by increasing effort to search for task-relevant information but has no effect for higher-NFC individuals. These results persist after controlling for RPI’s informational effect. Complementary survey findings reveal that NFC correlates with age, education level, and the performance of cognitively demanding skills. Notably, although lower-NFC individuals benefit most from RPI, they are less likely to seek and receive it. These findings highlight the need for managers to strategically implement RPI to enhance its benefits.

Data Availability: Data available upon request.

JEL Classifications: M40.
Recent Progress in Solar-Pumped Lasers at the NOVA University of Lisbon
Authors: J Almeida , D Liang , BD Tibúrcio , H Costa , CR Vistas
Published: January 2025

The urgency of climate change mitigation has driven scientific research and technological advancements in the pursuit of
sustainable energy solutions, positioning solar energy as one of the most promising renewable resources to help reduce
dependence on fossil fuels. Solar-pumped lasers are specifically designed to directly harness and convert a portion of the
Sun’s incoherent radiation into coherent laser light, paving the way for the advancement of environmentally friendly laser
technology. Nearly two decades ago, our research team at the NOVA University of Lisbon embarked on this topic with the
goal of significantly enhancing the performance of solar-pumped lasers, whose endeavors positioned us at the forefront of
this field. This article highlights the latest advancements of this renewable technology accomplished by our research team
through pioneering experiments with Ce:Nd:YAG as a novel active medium for solar lasers and the exploration of innovative
schemes for simultaneous pumping of multiple media. Notable progress included the establishment of new records in solar
laser efficiency for both multimode and fundamental mode regimes and attaining the lowest threshold pump power for solar
laser emission. Significant improvements were also achieved in thermal management and solar tracking error compensation
capacity, which have resulted in enhanced laser output power stability. These developments are critical for the practical
application of solar-pumped lasers.