bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observer‐based position control of uncertain mechanical systems with measurement uncertainty
Authors: Liang Song , Wang Zaihua
Published: May 2019

This paper studies the position control of uncertain mechanical systems with measurement uncertainty. Firstly, an observer using measurement signals is designed to estimate the unknown disturbances under an improved assumption of the uncertainties. The improved assumption can give smaller error estimation with same observer gain compared with the conventional assumption. Next, the essence of the observer and the method for selecting the observer gain are introduced. For the case when measurement uncertainties are not considered, the observer is allowed to have a large gain. As for the current case, it is shown that the observer with a large gain will lead to a failure. Then, by using the observed values, two switching controllers using measurement signals are proposed to realize the position control. The proposed control is a generalization of the sliding mode control without measurement uncertainty to the case with measurement uncertainty. Meanwhile, the features of the velocity change of the controlled system are discussed. Finally, as an application of the control design, the position control of a dynamic positioning system is investigated in details. The motion of the controlled system exhibits obviously three phases with different velocity features during the system moves to the target position: approximate acceleration phase, approximate uniform velocity phase, and approximate deceleration phase, and the velocity of the approximate uniform velocity phase can be easily adjusted with the change of the control gains.
Orthography Facilitates Memory for Proper Names in Emergent Readers
Authors: O’Leary Robin , Ehri Linnea C.
Published: May 2019

The authors examined whether exposing young students to spellings as they learn proper names would facilitate memory for the spoken names when tested without the spellings present (i.e., orthographic facilitation), whether emergent readers with letter knowledge would show this effect, and whether phonemic segmentation (PS) training would enhance the effect. Sixty 4‐ and 5‐year‐olds who knew letter names but read few, if any, words were randomly assigned to three PS training conditions: segmentation of consonant‐vowel (CV) words with letters, segmentation of CV words with nonalphabetic markers, or irrelevant rhyme training. Following PS training, students were given several trials to learn pronunciations of 10 made‐up CV words that named drawings of characters with distinctive features. Half of the drawings were accompanied by spellings representing sounds in the names and the other half by familiar but unrelated two‐digit numbers. Students were exposed to spellings or numbers during study and feedback periods but not during recall tests. Results showed that all three training groups recalled proper names better when they had seen spellings than numbers, but spellings did not enhance recall of distinctive visual features associated with the names. PS training with letters improved students’ invented spellings but did not affect orthographic facilitation. Findings reveal that even prereaders with letter knowledge can spontaneously use the letters as mnemonics to enhance memory for proper names. Results suggest that when preschool and kindergarten teachers define words orally, they should also write them. Findings support a developmental connectionist theory of orthographic facilitation effects and carry implications for the use of appropriate direct instruction in early childhood education.
Bayesian nonparametric estimation of ROC surface under verification bias
Authors: Zhu Rui , Ghosal Subhashis
Published: May 2019

The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) surface, as a generalization of the ROC curve, has been widely used to assess the accuracy of a diagnostic test for three categories. A common problem is verification bias, referring to the situation where not all subjects have their true classes verified. In this paper, we consider the problem of estimating the ROC surface under verification bias. We adopt a Bayesian nonparametric approach by directly modeling the underlying distributions of the three categories by Dirichlet process mixture priors. We propose a robust computing algorithm by only imposing a missing at random assumption for the verification process but no assumption on the distributions. The method can also accommodate covariates information in estimating the ROC surface, which can lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the diagnostic accuracy. It can be adapted and hugely simplified in the case where there is no verification bias, and very fast computation is possible through the Bayesian bootstrap process. The proposed method is compared with other commonly used methods by extensive simulations. We find that the proposed method generally outperforms other approaches. Applying the method to two real datasets, the key findings are as follows: (1) human epididymis protein 4 has a slightly better diagnosis ability compared to CA125 in discriminating healthy, early stage, and late stage patients of epithelial ovarian cancer. (2) Serum albumin has a prognostic ability in distinguishing different stages of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Cloud‐based simulation studies in R ‐ A tutorial on using doRedis with Amazon spot fleets
Authors: Hirschfeld G. , Thiele C.
Published: May 2019

Simulation studies are helpful in testing novel statistical methods. From a computational perspective, they constitute embarrassingly parallel tasks. We describe parallelization techniques in the programming language R that can be used on Amazon's cloud‐based infrastructure. After a short conceptual overview of the parallelization techniques in R, we provide a hands‐on tutorial on how the doRedis package in conjunction with the Redis server can be used on Amazon Web Services, specifically running spot fleets. The tutorial proceeds in seven steps, ie, (1) starting up an EC2 instance, (2) installing a Redis server, (3) using doRedis with a local worker, (4) using doRedis with a remote worker, (5) setting up instances that automatically fetch tasks from a specific master, (6) using spot‐fleets, and (7) shutting down the instances. As a basic example, we show how these techniques can be used to assess the effects of heteroscedasticity on the equal‐variance t‐test. Furthermore, we address several advanced issues, such as multiple conditions, cost‐management, and chunking.
Evaluation of Dynamic and Static Eccentric Faults in Turbo Generator
Authors: Wu Yucai , Ma Qianqian , Cai Bochong , He Yuling
Published: May 2019

Rotor eccentricity is a common fault in turbo generators, but there is currently no effective means of evaluating the eccentric state of the generators. In this article, the air‐gap permeance method was used to analyze the influence of rotor eccentricity on the no‐load main magnetic field, and the installation of U‐type detection coils within the stator core was proposed. Using this method, the dynamic eccentricity level can be measured by detecting the 2nd harmonic amplitude of the coil‐induced voltage, and the static eccentricity level can be measured using the difference in the induced voltages from the U‐type coils. Two dimensional numerical simulation results show that the U‐type detection coil is suitable for the detection of dynamic and static eccentric faults. Therefore, this method can be used for the evaluation of the eccentric state in turbo generators. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The ecology of killer yeasts: Interference competition in natural habitats
Authors: Boynton Primrose J.
Published: May 2019

Killer yeasts are ubiquitous in the environment: They have been found in diverse habitats ranging from ocean sediment to decaying cacti to insect bodies and on all continents including Antarctica. However, environmental killer yeasts are poorly studied compared with laboratory and domesticated killer yeasts. Killer yeasts secrete so‐called killer toxins that inhibit nearby sensitive yeasts, and the toxins are frequently assumed to be tools for interference competition in diverse yeast communities. The diversity and ubiquity of killer yeasts imply that interference competition is crucial for shaping yeast communities. Additionally, these toxins may have ecological functions beyond use in interference competition. This review introduces readers to killer yeasts in environmental systems, with a focus on what is and is not known about their ecology and evolution. It also explores how results from experimental killer systems in laboratories can be extended to understand how competitive strategies shape yeast communities in nature. Overall, killer yeasts are likely to occur everywhere yeasts are found, and the killer phenotype has the potential to radically shape yeast diversity in nature.
Dynamical gauge fields and anomalous transport at strong coupling
Authors: Gallegos A. D. , Gürsoy U.
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Anomalous transport coefficients are known to be universal in the absence of dynamical gauge fields. We calculate the corrections to these universal values due to dynamical gluon fields at strong coupling, at finite temperature and finite density, using the holographic duality. We show that the consistent chiral magnetic and chiral vortical currents receive no corrections, while we derive a semi-analytic formula for the chiral separation conductivity. We determine these corrections in the large color, large flavor limit, in terms of a series expansion in the anomalous dimension Δ of the axial current in terms of physical parameters Δ, temperature, electric and chiral chemical potentials and the flavor to color ratio

$$ \frac{N_f}{N_c} $$

N
f

N
c

. Our results are applicable to a generic class of chiral gauge theories that allow for a holographic description in the gravity approximation. We also determine the dynamical gluon corrections to the chiral vortical separation current in a particular example in the absence of external axial fields.
A graphic approach to gauge invariance induced identity
Authors: Hou Linghui , Du Yi-Jian
Published: May 2019

Abstract

All tree-level amplitudes in Einstein-Yang-Mills (EYM) theory and gravity (GR) can be expanded in terms of color ordered Yang-Mills (YM) ones whose coefficients are polynomial functions of Lorentz inner products and are constructed by a graphic rule. Once the gauge invariance condition of any graviton is imposed, the expansion of a tree level EYM or gravity amplitude induces a nontrivial identity between color ordered YM amplitudes. Being different from traditional Kleiss-Kuijf (KK) and Bern-Carrasco-Johansson (BCJ) relations, the gauge invariance induced identity involves polarizations in the coefficients. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between the gauge invariance induced identity and traditional BCJ relations. By proposing a refined graphic rule, we prove that all the gauge invariance induced identities for single trace tree-level EYM amplitudes can be precisely expanded in terms of traditional BCJ relations, without referring any property of polarizations. When further considering the transversality of polarizations and momentum conservation, we prove that the gauge invariance induced identity for tree-level GR (or pure YM) amplitudes can also be expanded in terms of traditional BCJ relations for YM (or bi-scalar) amplitudes. As a byproduct, a graph-based BCJ relation is proposed and proved.
Minimal-invasive Dekompressionsverfahren der Spinalkanalstenose
Authors: Korge A. , Mehren C. , Ruetten S.
Published: May 2019

Hintergrund

Die lumbale Spinalkanalstenose ist eine häufige Erkrankung im höheren Lebensalter mit deutlicher Auswirkung auf die Lebensqualität betroffener Patienten. Initial kommen konservative Therapien zum Einsatz, sie führen jedoch nicht zu einer Behebung der pathologischen Veränderungen. Die operative Erweiterung des Spinalkanals ist zielführend.

Fragestellung

Minimalisierung operativer Zugangsstrategien bei effektiver Dekompression im Spinalkanal unter Vermeidung der Nachteile makrochirurgischer Operationstechniken, monolateraler paravertebraler Zugang für eine bilaterale intraspinale Dekompression, spezielle Operationstechniken.

Material und Methoden

Beschrieben werden minimal-invasive Dekompressionsverfahren unter Einsatz von Mikroskop und Endoskop. Dabei werden verschiedene operative Strategien in Abhängigkeit von dem Ausmaß (mono-, bi- und multisegmental) und der Lokalisation der Stenose (intraspinal zentral, Recessus lateralis, foraminal) vorgestellt.

Ergebnisse

Minimal-invasive mikroskopische und endoskopische Dekompressionsverfahren ermöglichen eine suffiziente Erweiterung des Spinalkanals. Nachteile makroskopischer Operationsmethoden (z. B. postoperative Instabilität) werden vermieden. Das Komplikationspotenzial ist teilweise ähnlich dem makroskopischer Eingriffe, jedoch in der Ausprägung deutlich reduziert. Das subjektive Outcome für die Patienten ist spürbar besser.

Schlussfolgerungen

Unter Hinweis auf moderne minimal-invasive Dekompressionsverfahren stellt die Operation der lumbalen Spinalkanalstenose eine sinnvolle und logische Behandlungsalternative dar, da nur operativ eine kausale Therapie der Pathologie möglich ist.
Carbon ecology of termite gut and phenol degradation by a bacterium isolated from the gut of termite
Authors: Van Dexter Seth , Oubre Christopher , Boopathy Raj
Published: May 2019

Metagenomics and transcriptomics have had some success analyzing community and functional ecology of the termite gut, but carbon utilization ecology and the effect of diet on the gut community are not well understood. This study was done to determine the effect of three hardwood tree types, oak (Quercus spp.), red maple (Acer rubrum), and tupelo (Nyssa aquatica) on the termite species, Reticulitermes flavipes in the family Rhinotermitidae. Termite abdomen homogenates were incubated on agar plates containing three common carbon sources in the termite gut, namely, acetate, cellobiose, and phenol under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Bacterial growth was higher on cellobiose than any other carbon source. Higher bacterial growth on cellobiose was observed from termite colonies feeding on oak than on phenol from the other two wood types. The difference between aerobic and anaerobic conditions was not significant. A bacterium, Acinetobacter tandoii isolated and identified from our previous study was subjected to high concentrations of phenol as the sole carbon source and this bacterium was able to degrade phenol concentration up to 600 mg/L.
Variation in Reported Human Head Tissue Electrical Conductivity Values
Authors: McCann Hannah , Pisano Giampaolo , Beltrachini Leandro
Published: May 2019

Electromagnetic source characterisation requires accurate volume conductor models representing head geometry and the electrical conductivity field. Head tissue conductivity is often assumed from previous literature, however, despite extensive research, measurements are inconsistent. A meta-analysis of reported human head electrical conductivity values was therefore conducted to determine significant variation and subsequent influential factors. Of 3121 identified publications spanning three databases, 56 papers were included in data extraction. Conductivity values were categorised according to tissue type, and recorded alongside methodology, measurement condition, current frequency, tissue temperature, participant pathology and age. We found variation in electrical conductivity of the whole-skull, the spongiform layer of the skull, isotropic, perpendicularly- and parallelly-oriented white matter (WM) and the brain-to-skull-conductivity ratio (BSCR) could be significantly attributed to a combination of differences in methodology and demographics. This large variation should be acknowledged, and care should be taken when creating volume conductor models, ideally constructing them on an individual basis, rather than assuming them from the literature. When personalised models are unavailable, it is suggested weighted average means from the current meta-analysis are used. Assigning conductivity as: 0.41 S/m for the scalp, 0.02 S/m for the whole skull, or when better modelled as a three-layer skull 0.048 S/m for the spongiform layer, 0.007 S/m for the inner compact and 0.005 S/m for the outer compact, as well as 1.71 S/m for the CSF, 0.47 S/m for the grey matter, 0.22 S/m for WM and 50.4 for the BSCR.
Distributed persistent coverage control and performance evaluation of multi-agent system
Authors: Lee S. , Kim Y.
Published: May 2019

The persistent coverage control problem is formulated based on cell discretisation of two-dimensional mission space and time-increasing cell ages. A new performance function is defined to represent the coverage level of the mission space, and time behaviour is evaluated by the probabilistic method based on the detection model of agents. For comparison, persistent coverage controllers are designed by a target-based approach and a reactive approach. Both controllers are designed in a distributed manner using Voronoi tessellation and Delaunay graph-based local information sharing. Numerical simulation is performed to analyse the evaluated mean age of cells and evaluated coverage level over time for the designed persistent coverage controllers. The differences between the evaluation model and simulation situation are discussed.
Consultation and Surgical Wait Times in Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
Authors: Sharifi Babak , McIntosh Greg , Fisher Charles , Jacobs W. Bradley , Johnson Michael , Bailey Christopher S. , Christie Sean , Charest-Morin Raphaële , Paquet Jérome , Nataraj Andrew , Cadotte David , Manson Neil , Hall Hamilton , Thomas Kenneth C. , Rampersaud Y. Raja , Dea Nicolas
Published: May 2019

Background: Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is the leading cause of spinal cord impairment. In a public healthcare system, wait times to see spine specialists and eventually access surgical treatment for CSM can be substantial. The goals of this study were to determine consultation wait times (CWT) and surgical wait times (SWT), and identify predictors of wait time length. Methods: Consecutive patients enrolled in the Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network (CSORN) prospective and observational CSM study from March 2015 to July 2017 were included. A data-splitting technique was used to develop and internally validate multivariable models of potential predictors. Results: A CSORN query returned 264 CSM patients for CWT. The median was 46 days. There were 31% mild, 35% moderate, and 33% severe CSM. There was a statistically significant difference in median CWT between moderate and severe groups; 207 patients underwent surgical treatment. Median SWT was 42 days. There was a statistically significant difference in SWT between mild/moderate and severe groups. Short symptom duration, less pain, lower BMI, and lower physical component score of SF-12 were predictive of shorter CWT. Only baseline pain and medication duration were predictive of SWT. Both CWT and SWT were shorter compared to a concurrent cohort of lumbar stenosis patients (p <0.001). Conclusions: Patients with shorter duration (either symptoms or medication) and less neck pain waited less to see a spine specialist in Canada and to undergo surgical treatment. This study highlights some of the obstacles to overcome in expedited care for this patient population.
Antibiotic stewardship in the intensive care unit: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Chiotos Kathleen , Tamma Pranita D. , Gerber Jeffrey S.
Published: May 2019

Infections due to antibiotic-resistant organisms are increasing in prevalence and represent a major public health threat. Antibiotic overuse is a major driver of this epidemic, and antibiotic stewardship an important means of limiting antibiotic resistance. The intensive care unit (ICU) setting presents an intersection of opportunities and challenges for effective antibiotic stewardship, but limited data inform optimal stewardship interventions in this setting. In this review, we present unique considerations for stewardship interventions the ICU setting and summarize available data evaluating the impact of prospective audit and feedback, diagnostic test stewardship, rapid molecular diagnostic tests, and procalcitonin-guided algorithms for antibiotic discontinuation. The existing knowledge gaps ripe for future research are emphasized.
The effect of ‘Zesy002’ kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensisvar.chinensis) on gut health function: a randomised cross-over clinical trial
Authors: Eady Sarah L. , Wallace Alison J. , Butts Christine A. , Hedderley Duncan , Drummond Lynley , Ansell Juliet , Gearry Richard B.
Published: May 2019

Functional gastrointestinal disorders including constipation affect up to 14 % of the world's population. Treatment is difficult and challenging resulting in a need for alternative safe and effective therapies. The present study investigated whether daily consumption of three gold-fleshed kiwifruit could alleviate constipation and improve gastrointestinal discomfort in mildly constipated individuals with and without pain. A total of thirty-two participants were enrolled in a 16-week randomised, single-blind, crossover study. Participants received either three ‘Zesy002’ kiwifruit or 14·75 g Metamucil®(5 g dietary fibre/d (a positive control)) for 4 weeks each with a 4-week washout between treatments. A 2-week washout period was included at the beginning and end of the study. Daily bowel habit diaries were kept throughout the study. The primary outcome measure was differences in the number of complete spontaneous bowel movements (CSBM). Secondary outcome measures were bowel movement frequency and stool form as well as digestive symptoms and comfort. The number of CSBM per week was significantly greater during daily consumption of three kiwifruit compared with the baseline (6·3v.3·3;P< 0·05) and the Metamucil®treatment (6·3v.4·5;P< 0·05). Stool consistency was also improved, with kiwifruit producing softer stools and less straining (P< 0·05). Gastrointestinal discomfort was also improved compared with baseline for abdominal pain, constipation and indigestion (P< 0·05) during the kiwifruit intervention and constipation during the Metamucil®intervention (P< 0·05). This randomised controlled trial demonstrates that daily consumption of three gold-fleshed kiwifruit is associated with a significant increase of two CSBM per week and reduction in gastrointestinal discomfort in mildly constipated adults.
TWO-PARAMETER UNIFORMLY ELLIPTIC STURM–LIOUVILLE PROBLEMS WITH EIGENPARAMETER-DEPENDENT BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
Authors: Bhattacharyya Bhattacharyya T. , Mohandas Mohandas J. P.
Published: May 2019

We consider the two-parameter Sturm–Liouville system

$$ -y_1''+q_1y_1=(\lambda r_{11}+\mu r_{12})y_1\quad\text{on }[0,1], $$

with the boundary conditions

$$ \frac{y_1'(0)}{y_1(0)}=\cot\alpha_1\quad\text{and}\quad\frac{y_1'(1)}{y_1(1)}=\frac{a_1\lambda+b_1}{c_1\lambda+d_1}, $$

and

$$ -y_2''+q_2y_2=(\lambda r_{21}+\mu r_{22})y_2\quad\text{on }[0,1], $$

with the boundary conditions

$$ \frac{y_2'(0)}{y_2(0)} =\cot\alpha_2\quad\text{and}\quad\frac{y_2'(1)}{y_2(1)}=\frac{a_2\mu+b_2}{c_2\mu+d_2}, $$

subject to the uniform-left-definite and uniform-ellipticity conditions; where $q_{i}$ and $r_{ij}$ are continuous real valued functions on $[0,1]$, the angle $\alpha_{i}$ is in $[0,\pi)$ and $a_{i}$, $b_{i}$, $c_{i}$, $d_{i}$ are real numbers with $\delta_{i}=a_{i}d_{i}-b_{i}c_{i}>0$ and $c_{i}\neq0$ for $i,j=1,2$. Results are given on asymptotics, oscillation of eigenfunctions and location of eigenvalues.
Depositional changes during the Danian–Selandian transition in Loubieng (France), Zumaia (Spain) and Sidi Nasseur (Tunisia): insights from and limits of rock magnetism
Authors: Wouters Sébastien , Spassov Simo , Martinez Mathieu , Steurbaut Etienne , Storme Jean-Yves , Yans Johan , Devleeschouwer Xavier
Published: May 2019

Depositional changes are studied in three sections encompassing the Danian–Selandian transition, Loubieng (France), Zumaia (Spain) and Sidi Nasseur (Tunisia), using magnetic susceptibility as a proxy. Additional rock-magnetic analyses are used to avoid ambiguous interpretation of magnetic susceptibility. The magnetic susceptibility, measured on 90 to 270 samples per section, is mainly controlled by paramagnetic minerals and linked to detrital input. Major increases in the detrital input are correlated to the end of the Latest Danian Event, a hyperthermal, and to the Danian–Selandian boundary. In Loubieng, two gradual increases in magnetic susceptibility within limestones beds precede the major detrital input increases, and start synchronously with the beginning of the Latest Danian Event and the onset of haematite deposition around the Danian–Selandian boundary, respectively. This haematite is suspected to be of primary origin based, among other things, on low magnetic viscosity values, which is used here as an indicator of diagenetic origin in haematite and goethite. The red levels where haematite is interpreted to be of primary origin could be linked to the hyperthermal event previously hypothesized for the basal Selandian. The comparison of the magnetic susceptibility, chemo- and biostratigraphic data between the three sections highlights the condensed nature of the sedimentation around the Danian–Selandian boundary in the sections of the Atlantic realm. The lower part of the Selandian shows a particularly low sedimentation rate at Zumaia compared to Loubieng and Sidi Nasseur. The latter displays the most complete record of the three.
Comment on ‘The geometry and stratigraphic position of the Maassluis Formation (western Netherlands and south-eastern North Sea)’ by Jansen et al. (2004b)
Authors: Wesselingh F.P. , Meijer T. , Cleveringa P.
Published: May 2019

Two papers (Jansen et al., 2004a, b) in the Netherlands Journal of Geosciences deal with the age and geometry of the Maassluis Formation of the Netherlands. Age estimates are derived mainly from strontium (Sr) isotope measurements (Jansen et al., 2004a). Based on a combination of methods, but most heavily relying on Sr data and sequence boundaries ages based on the Haq curve, the authors (in Jansen et al., 2004b) discuss the possible occurrence of hiatuses in the Maassluis Formation covering intervals of 0.04 to 0.18 Ma.
Reply to ‘Comment on The geometry and stratigraphic position of the Maassluis Formation (western Netherlands and south-eastern North Sea)’
Authors: Jansen H.S.M.
Published: May 2019

In their comment, Wesselingh et al. say that pronounced glacioeustacy renders the detailed discussions about age intervals obsolete and that they fail to see the application of the Haq curves for age estimates in the Maassluis Formation can make much sense. We would argue the following:

- Eustacy and sediment supply are the driving forces behind sequence formation and configuration. As our model shows, the overall picture of the Pliocene/Pleistocene along our transect is one of an outbuilding system, going from open marine to terrestrial deposits, which is a classic sequence stratigraphic configuration.

- The lower part of the Maassluis Formation in the Noordwijk borehole lies below an unconformity and consists of open marine sediments as opposed to the coastal sediments of the upper part. Since it is the normal transition over a sequence boundary, there is reason to speculate about which sequences we are looking at here and what their age is. There is a large sedimentary wedge to the west of Noordwijk that is missing in the Noordwijk borehole.

- The glacial-interglacial cycles Meijer et al. (in press) refer to are likely to be better expressed in the coastal part of the formation, i.e. from ca. 2.55 Ma. This is also the part of the formation where micro-vertebrates will be found, not the (older) marine part. These cycles do not alter the overall sequence stratigraphic model, they add a climatic overprint of smaller sedimentary cycles.
Medical Assistance in Dying: Alberta Approach and Policy Analysis
Authors: Silvius James L. , Memon Ameera , Arain Mubashir
Published: May 2019

La légalisation de l’aide médicale à mourir (AMM) au Canada a permis aux médecins, aux décideurs politiques et aux patients de réexaminer les soins de fin de vie. Cet article présente les principales caractéristiques du programme albertain d’AMM, dans le contexte des programmes d’AMM mis en place dans les autres provinces. Nous avons également comparé les politiques et les pratiques en matière d’AMM dans différentes provinces et territoires du Canada. De plus, nous avons utilisé la base de données de l’AMM de l’Alberta pour dresser un portrait des données démographiques sur les patients et l’accès aux services d’AMM en Alberta en 2017-2018. Des différences significatives ont été relevées dans les processus et les pratiques des divers programmes provinciaux et territoriaux d’AMM. Les programmes de l’Alberta, de l’Ontario et du Québec sont plus complets. L’Alberta a mis en place des ressources dédiées pour l’AMM. L’âge médian des personnes qui ont reçu des services d’AMM en Alberta de juillet 2017 à avril 2018 était de 70 ans. Les bénéficiaires étaient majoritairement des hommes (55 %) et des patients ayant un cancer (70 %). Environ 39 % des prestations d’AMM ont été réalisées en milieu hospitalier et 38 % au domicile des patients.

Nous concluons avec quelques recommandations sur le développement, la mise en œuvre et l’évaluation du programme d’AMM, en nous fondant sur l’expérience de l’Alberta dans ce domaine au cours des deux dernières années.
A fast new algorithm for weak graph regularity
Authors: Fox Jacob , Lovász László Miklós , Zhao Yufei
Published: May 2019

We provide a deterministic algorithm that finds, in ɛ-O(1)n2 time, an ɛ-regular Frieze–Kannan partition of a graph on n vertices. The algorithm outputs an approximation of a given graph as a weighted sum of ɛ-O(1) many complete bipartite graphs.

As a corollary, we give a deterministic algorithm for estimating the number of copies of H in an n-vertex graph G up to an additive error of at most ɛnv(H), in time ɛ-OH(1)n2.
Surgery of single ventricles in humanitarian practice: surgery for which patients?
Authors: Gouton Marielle , Bical Olivier Michel , Zoghbi Joy , Roussin Régine , Lucet Vincent , Leca Francine
Published: May 2019

Objectives:

To analyse the feasibility and effectiveness in humanitarian practice of surgical management of children with single-ventricle heart condition.

Methods:

Retrospective study of children with a single ventricle, managed by the association Mécénat-Chirurgie Cardiaque since 1996, with long-term follow-up after their return home.

Results:

Of the 138 children in our cohort, 119 had one or more surgeries (180 procedures): palliative surgery alone (systemic-pulmonary anastomosis or banding), 41; partial cavo-pulmonary connection, 47; total cavo-pulmonary connection (mean age 8.5 years), 31. Operative mortality is 5.5%. After a mean follow-up of 5.6 years, 18 children (13%) were lost to follow-up. Survival at 10 years is 79% in children receiving surgery (palliative only, 72%; partial cavo-pulmonary connection, 77%; total cavo-pulmonary connection, 97%) versus 29% in children with no surgical intervention. The prognosis is better for tricuspid atresia and double-inlet left ventricle (86 and 83% survival at 10 years) than for double-outlet right ventricle or complete atrio-ventricular canal defect (64 and 68% at 5 years).

Conclusion:

The surgery of the single ventricle in humanitarian medicine allows a very satisfactory survival after one or more surgeries tending towards a total cavo-pulmonary connection as soon as possible.
Reassessing Carbamazepine in Bipolar Disorders
Authors: Ketter Terence A.
Published: May 2019

This discussion focuses on the historical trends of carbamazepine in the treatment of acute mania, acute bipolar depression, and as maintenance treatment for bipolar disorder. Clinical implications of efficacy, safety, tolerability, and drug interactions associated with carbamazepine are discussed as well.

Important progress in bipolar disorders therapeutics began in the 1970s with lithium and the conventional antipsychotics, and continued in the 1980s with carbamazepine, in the 1990s with divalproex, and in the 2000s with lamotrigine and the introduction of the atypical antipsychotics. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been used throughout these periods and still has a place in bipolar disorder, especially for severe, treatment-resistant, and very acute cases.

Immediate-release carbamazepine was first approved for epilepsy in 1974, followed by approval of carbamazepine extended release capsules (CBZ ERC) for epilepsy in 1997. Reports of carbamazepine use in bipolar disorder began in 1973 in Japan, when Okuma and colleagues reported antimanic efficacy in manic-depressive psychosis. In 1978, Ballenger and Post reported effective use of carbamazepine in bipolar illness. The initiation of CBZ ERC in bipolar disorder trials began in 2001. In 2004, CBZ ERC received Food and Drug Administration approval for the treatment of acute manic and mixed episodes in patients with bipolar disorder (Slide 4).

In 1988, a survey of American psychiatrists reported moderate-to-marked effectiveness for carbamazepine for the following conditions: partial complex seizures (85%), generalized seizures (82%), trigeminal neuralgia (81%), mania prophylaxis (72%), acute bipolar depression (67%), intermittent explosive disorder (65%), acute mania (62%), and schizoaffective disorder (58%). Historically, carbamazepine has been considered superior to lithium for rapid cycling and mixed mania, bipolar II disorder, bipolar disorder not otherwise specified (NOS), and bipolar disorder with mood incongruent delusions or comorbidity. In multiple controlled trials, carbamazepine was as effective as lithium in the treatment of acute mania. Limitations of early controlled carbamazepine trials include lack of parallel placebo groups, small samples (commonly <60 subjects), confounds of concomitant treatments, and low doses used to avoid/attenuate adverse effects.
Depression: major problem for public health
Authors: Paykel Eugene S.
Published: May 2019

The aim of this Editorial is to discuss depression as an important disorder for public health. The literature regarding epidemiology, consequences, adequacy of service delivery and prevention of depression is reviewed. Depression is a common disorder with high lifetime rates, particularly in women, and those experiencing social adversity. It is a major cause of disability, and causes death both by suicide and due to raised rates of physical disorders. Many cases are undiagnosed and treatment is often inadequate. Primary prevention is not yet easily feasible but secondary prevention by earlier recognition, public and professional education, can produce benefits. There is a need for public health programmes aimed at improving recognition, treatment, and reducing consequences.
Primary headache in Italian early adolescents: correlation with stress and school social support
Authors: Santinello Massimo , Vieno Alessio , Battistella Pier Antonio
Published: May 2019

Aims – The aims of the study are to evaluate the prevalence rates for headache among an Italian sample of early-adolescents and the role of possible related factors (school stress and social support). Methods – The survey reported here is part of the larger Health Behaviour in School Aged Children (HBSC) trans-national study, which is co-ordinated by the European Office of the World Health Organization. The data were gathered through self-administered questionnaires filled out by a representative sample of 4, 386 (48.4% males) Italian students (11-, 13- and 15-year old). The main areas covered in the questionnaire were health and health behaviour. Results – The overall prevalence of frequent headache (at least once a week) was 40.5%. Boys are less at risk than girls and the prevalence increases with age. Moreover, school demands (positively) and teacher's support (negatively) showed a significant association with the outcome. Conclusions – Compared to other countries, results revealed how this symptom is very common among Italian's early adolescents. Further, results shows the relevance of the school setting, in terms of teacher's demands and support, for the prevention of this symptom among early adolescents.

Declaration of Interest: The HBSC study is partly funded by the University of Padova through a scholarship attributed to Dr. Alessio Vieno (Year 2001 - prot. CPDR013233).
Psychological Resilience as a Predictor of Symptom Severity in Adolescents With Poor Recovery Following Concussion
Authors: Durish Christianne Laliberté , Yeates Keith Owen , Brooks Brian L.
Published: May 2019

Objectives: Examine the mediating effects of anxiety and depressive symptoms on the relationship between psychological resilience and post-concussive symptoms (PCS) in children with poor recovery following concussion. Participants and Methods: Adolescents (N=93), ages 13 to 18 years, were assessed at a neuropsychology screening clinic at a children’s hospital. They sustained concussions more than 1 month before the clinic visit (median time since injury=5.1 months; range=42–473 days) and were seen on the basis of poor recovery (i.e., presence of persistent PCS and complaints of cognitive problems). Self-reported psychological resilience was measured using the 10-item version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale; self- and parent-reported anxiety and depressive symptoms were measured using the Behaviour Assessment System for Children – Second Edition; and self- and parent-reported PCS were measured using the Post-Concussion Symptom Inventory. All variables were measured concurrently. Regression-based mediation analyses were conducted to examine anxiety and depressive symptoms as mediators of the relationship between psychological resilience and PCS. Results: Psychological resilience significantly predicted self-reported PCS. Self-reported anxiety and depressive symptoms significantly mediated the relationship between resilience and self-reported PCS, and parent-reported child depressive symptoms significantly mediated the relationship between resilience and self- and parent-reported PCS. Conclusions: Psychological resilience plays an important role in recovery from concussion, and this relationship may be mediated by anxiety and depressive symptoms. These results help shed light on the mechanisms of the role of psychological resilience in predicting PCS in children with prolonged symptom recovery. (JINS, 2019, 25, 346–354)
Confabulation Resilience of the Developing Brain: A Brief Review
Authors: Christensen Julie Nyvang , Sørensen Thomas Alrik
Published: May 2019

Objectives: To investigate a possible confabulation resilience of the developing brain. Methods: We performed a literature search on confabulation in PubMed and identified all empirical studies of children and adolescents under the age of 18. Results: The analysis identified only three case studies of confabulation in children under the age of 18 of 286 empirical studies of confabulation. This reveals a striking discrepancy in the number of reported cases caused by brain injury between children and adults. We hypothesize that there may be a resilience toward confabulation in the developing brain and present three tentative explanations regarding the possible underlying mechanisms. Conclusions: Additional awareness on the scarcity of reported cases of confabulation in children could lead to important insights on the nature of confabulation and greater understanding of the resilience and plasticity of the developing brain. (JINS, 2019, 25, 426–431)
Adipocytes may not be a terminally differentiated cell type: implications for animal production
Authors: Dodson M.V. , Fernyhough M.E. , Vierck J.L. , Hausman G.J.
Published: May 2019

Mature adipocytes may not be a terminally differentiated cell form, as previously thought by about everyone in science. Instead, these adipocytes may be capable of re-entering the cell cycle and forming proliferative-competent precursor cells like preadipocytes, adipofibroblasts, or even other forms of cells. Why is this possibility important to animal science? The main reason is in directing the cellularity of adipocyte depots in meat animals. For example, we know that the fat characteristics of beef animals are a direct function of the ‘cellularity’ of cells committed to form adipocytes. Beef steers given a high-concentrate diet commonly possess fewer adipocytes in any given fat depot, but most of the cells are completely filled with lipid to capacity. Alternatively, steers on a high-roughage diet seem to possess more fat cells, but fewer of them are filled to capacity with storage lipid. A variety of systemic and local regulators have been implicated in altering the cellularity of any given fat depot. Major regulators appear to be growth hormone, any number of repartitioning agents, as well as adipocytokines produced by the cells within the fat depot themselves. The specific mechanisms involved in directing cellularity of any specific fat depot, however, are poorly understood.
Editorial
Authors: Lean Ian J.
Published: May 2019

The dog days of late July and early August, linked as they are in the northern hemisphere to the end of the undergraduate teaching year provide opportunity for those of us involved in university teaching to take stock of where we are in terms of courses, their development and their evaluation. Such seasonality is not quite so evident in editorial activities although there are blips in submission rates of manuscripts that reflect critical times in terms of grant completions and so on. Whatever the reasons we have time in these dog days to reflect on our activities. Among my recurrent thoughts as a journal editor at this time are the most recent ‘performance’ figures for Animal Science as demonstrated in the ISI journal citation reports and also perhaps the most exciting development in scientific publishing for many years, the advent of ‘open access’ to scientific papers.
Doublespeak: Poetic Language, Lyric Hero, and Soviet Subjectivity in Mandel΄shtam's K nemetskoi rechi
Authors: Ospovat Kirill
Published: May 2019

This paper analyzes a poem by Osip Mandel΄shtam, his 1932 “To the German Tongue,” as it explores and reveals the tensions and dangers of Soviet discursivity and subjectivity. Tracing its semantic unfolding shaped by ambiguities, nuances, and subtle transitions, and illuminating its evocations of the cultural past, I approach the poem as a consistent, if meaningfully opaque, reflection on the Soviet experience. Mandel΄shtam built upon and self-consciously enacted theoretically-informed conceptions of the lyric, the poetic subject, and poetic language developed in Formalist scholarship and adopted in some of his own critical writing. I argue that in the poem, as well as in the criticism which framed it, these Formalist concepts revealed an undercurrent of political signification, made even more evident in the reflections on Soviet political and aesthetic experience in the memoirist writing of a Lidiia Ginzburg or a Nadezhda Mandel΄shtam.
Was There a “Simple Soviet” Person? Debating the Politics and Sociology of “Homo Sovieticus”
Authors: Sharafutdinova Gulnaz
Published: May 2019

Intellectual efforts to understand post-Crimean Russian society have brought to prominence explanations that emphasize psychological and attitudinal legacies of Soviet society. The recent revival of the term homo sovieticus (or Soviet man) in the media and intellectual discourse is a good illustration of this trend. Yurii Levada's late-Soviet sociological research project on the “simple Soviet man” serves as a frequent reference point in these discussions. In this article, I explore the ideological and analytical foundations of the Levada project and juxtapose the sociological construct developed by Levada and his team with the interpretative approach developed by Natalya Kozlova, another Soviet scholar who dedicated her life to studying Soviet society. I argue that essentialist and deterministic views of individual personality underpinning the Levada project that guide the current use of the Soviet man category are more politically and ideologically driven rather than being based on the state of the art in social psychology.
Dissemination of an Internet-Based Program for the Prevention and Early Intervention in Eating Disorders
Authors: Bauer Stephanie , Bilić Sally , Ozer Fikret , Moessner Markus
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Objective: Research on the dissemination of e-mental health interventions is in an early stage, so that little is known about the reach, costs, participant characteristics, and patterns of program utilization associated with different recruitment strategies and access paths. This study investigated differences between user groups informed about an Internet-based program for the prevention and early intervention in eating disorders via different recruitment channels. Method: Participant characteristics and user behavior of 3548 participants in the Internet-based program ProYouth were analyzed. Participants were informed about ProYouth via different channels (e. g., print materials, high school, Internet). Results: Results indicate significant relationships between access paths and both user characteristics and program utilization. Participants who were informed about ProYouth at their high schools were more likely to be male, younger, and at lower risk of developing eating disorders. In contrast, other recruitment channels (e. g., Internet, print materials) resulted in participants with significantly higher risk and symptom levels who used the program more frequently and with higher intensity. Conclusion: Efforts aimed at the dissemination of Internet-based interventions should consider the effects that different recruitment channels and access paths may have on sample composition and utilization of the intervention.
Structure, Variability, and Mean‐Flow Interactions of the January 2015 Quasi‐2‐Day Wave at Middle and High Southern Latitudes
Authors: Fritts David C. , Iimura Hiroyuki , Janches Diego , Lieberman Ruth S. , Riggin Dennis M. , Mitchell Nicholas J. , Vincent Robert A. , Reid Iain M. , Murphy Damian J. , Tsutsumi Masaki , Kavanagh Andrew J. , Batista Paulo P. , Hocking Wayne K.
Published: May 2019

The structure, variability, and mean‐flow interactions of the quasi‐2‐day wave (Q2DW) in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere during January 2015 were studied employing meteor and medium‐frequency radar winds at eight sites from 23°S to 76°S and Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) temperature and geopotential height measurements from 30°S to 80°S. The event had a duration of ~20–25 days, dominant periods of ~44–52 hr, temperature amplitudes as large as ~16 K, and zonal and meridional wind amplitudes as high as ~40 and 80 m/s, respectively, at middle and lower latitudes. MLS measurements enabled definition of balance winds that agreed well with radar wind amplitudes and phases at middle latitudes where amplitudes were large and quantification of the various Q2DW modes contributing to the full wave field. The Q2DW event was composed primarily of the westward zonal wavenumber 3 (W3) mode but also had measurable amplitudes in other westward modes W1, W2, and W4; eastward modes E1 and E2; and stationary mode S0. Of the secondary modes, W1, W2, and E2 had the larger amplitudes. Inferred MLS balance winds enabled estimates of the Eliassen‐Palm fluxes for each mode, and cumulative zonal accelerations that were found to be in reasonable agreement with radar estimates from ~35°S to 70°S at the lower altitudes at which radar winds were available.
Untangling a Web of Interactions Where Surf Meets Coastal Ocean
Authors: Lerczak James , Barth John , Celona Sean , Chickadel Chris , Colosi John , Feddersen Falk , Haller Merrick , Haney Sean , Lenain Luc , MacKinnon Jennifer , MacMahan James , Melville Ken , O’Dea Annika , Smit Pieter , Waterhouse Amy , Xu TongTong
Published: May 2019

In 2017, an ocean research team launched an unprecedented effort to understand what drives ocean currents in the overlap regions between surf zones and continental shelves.
Global Warming Hits Marine Life Hardest
Authors: Morton Mary
Published: May 2019

The lack of thermal refugia in the ocean means marine life has nowhere to escape from rising sea temperatures.