bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDY OF NaOH - ACTIVATION TEMPERATURE INFLUENCE TOWARD CHARACTER OF MESOPOROUS CARBON BASED ON TEXTILE SLUDGE WASTE
Authors: Setianingsih Tutik , Hasanah Uswatun , Darjito Darjito
Published: January 2019

Textile sludge waste contains many organic matters so that it is potential to be used as mesoporous carbon precursor. Actived carbon with mesopore character is effective as adsorbent and catalyst carrier of large molecules. Synthesis of the activated mesoporous carbon was done with purpose to study influence of activation temperature toward characters of the carbon. Process of the synthesis involved dry sludge (50 g) as precursor, concentrated sodium silicate solution SiO2 24.5% and Na2O 7.5% (50 mL) as template source, 1 M HCl solution (50 mL) as polimering agent, carbonization condition at 600 °C 3 h under nitrogen gas flow, activation conditions with NaOH 50% and various temperatures (400, 500, 600, 700, and 800 °C), and demineralizatin conditions with 0.1 M HCl solution for 4 h and 125 rpm. All of the products were characterized with methylen blue method to determine specific pore volume and specific surface area. The carbon obtained at optimum temperature was characterized again with surface area analyzer. Result of the research showed that the optimum condition was achieved at activation temperature of 500 °C. Characters of the synthesized carbon at the optimum condition were specific surface area of 638.32 m2/g, specific pore volume of 0.35 cm3/g, average pore diameter of 21.78 Å, and methylene blue number of 358.87 mg/g.   Keywords: actived mesoporous carbon, textile sludge, temperature
SYNTHESIS, IDENTIFICATION AND IN VITRO ANTITUMOUR PRESCREENING TEST OF TRIPHENYLTIN BENZOATE TOWARDS A HUMAN CERVICAL CARCINOMA CELL LINE, HeLa
Authors: Manuaba Ida Bagus Putra
Published: January 2019

In this study, triphenyltin benzoate was synthesized first, and followed by antitumor prescreening test of the compound towards a human cervical carcinoma cell line, HeLa. Three reaction steps were employed to obtain the compound needed, i.e. 1) synthesizing of tetraphenyltin compound via insitu phenilmagnesiumbromide Grignard reaction to tin(IV)chloride, 2) synthesizing triphenyltin chloride via redistribution reaction of tetraphenyltin to tin(IV) chloride without any solvent, the reaction completed depends on the temperature, in this case a good results was achieved at temperature 220 °C for 6 h, 3) finally, triphenyltin benzoate was produced through a methathetical reaction of triphenyltin chloride to an excess of sodium benzoate in ethanol. In vitro prescreening antitumour activity of the compound towards a human cervical tumour cell line, HeLa was carried out following an enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). By this method, the test ended with good promising results. This indicates by the IC50 of 170 nM which is compared well to cisplatinum with IC50 950 nM.   Keywords: redistribution reaction, methathetical reaction, cell line, in vitro, antitumour
A LONG CHAIN ALCOHOL AND TWO STEROL COMPOUNDS FROM THE HEXANE EXTRACT OF STEM BARK OF Aglaia odorata Lour. (Meliaceae)
Authors: Tukiran Tukiran , Ardhiana Prima , Suyatno Suyatno , Shimizu Kuniyoshi
Published: January 2019

A long chain alcohol, 1-eicosanol together with two sterols, β-sitosterol and stigmasterol had been isolated from hexane extract of stem bark of pacar cina (Aglaia odorata Lour) (Meliaceae). These structures had been established based on spectroscopic data (IR and NMR) and by comparison to those of standard compounds.   Keywords: Aglaia odorata Lour, Alcohol, Meliaceae, Sterol
EFFECT OF HIRA PROTEIN ON TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATIONS OF GENES IN VERTEBRATE CELLS
Authors: Ahmad Ahyar
Published: January 2019

For better understanding of DNA replicating-coupled chromatin assembly and transcription regulation in eukaryotes, we studied biochemical and genetic analysis of nuclear-related proteins from chicken DT40 cell lines. The genetic analysis of some nuclear proteins, such as HIRA and CAF-1, indicated that these proteins could play overlapping roles in chromatin dynamics and is consistent with the finding that HIRA protein exhibited binding ability to histones and ASF-1, as also ASF-1 bound directly with CAF-1p60. In this study, revealed not only that the N-terminal and C-terminal halves of HIRA mediate individually transcription repressions but also that even one of the seven WD dipeptide motifs and the LXXLL motif of HIRA are required for these mediations in vivo. Finally, we found that HIRA-mediated repression is sensitive to tricostatin TSA and it co-represses transcription together with HDAC-2. We believe our findings will contribute to a major break-through in future studies on the specific, individual roles of HIRA involved in numerous DNA-utilizing processes, through the formation and/or maintenance of the chromatin structure in vertebrate cells.     Keywords: histone regulator, transcriptional repression, tricostatin, chromatin
GREEN CHEMISTRY APPLICATION FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF (1)-N-4’-METHOXYBENZYL-1,10-PHENANTHROLINIUM BROMIDE
Authors: Firdaus Maulidan , Jumina Jumina , Anwar Chairil
Published: January 2019

A simple, energy-efficient, and relatively quick synthetic procedure for the synthesis of (1)-N-4'-methoxybenzyl-1,10-phenanthrolinium bromide, based on green chemistry principles has been carried out. The synthesis was started by solvent-free reduction of p-anisaldehyde with NaBH4 to give 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol in 98% yield to be followed by solvent-free treatment of the resulted alcohol with PBr3 to yield 4-methoxybenzyl bromide (86%). Furthermore, the obtained bromide was reacted with 1,10-phenanthroline in acetone at reflux for 12 h to give the phenanthrolinium salt target in 68% yield.   Keywords: green chemistry, p-anisaldehyde, (1)-N-4'-methoxybenzyl-1,10-phenanthrolinium bromide
SO2 EMISSION MEASUREMENT BY DOAS (DIFFERENTIAL OPTICAL ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY) AND COSPEC (CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY) AT MERAPI VOLCANO (INDONESIA)
Authors: Humaida Hanik
Published: January 2019

The SO2 is one of the volcanic gases that can use as indicator of volcano activity. Commonly, SO2 emission is measured by COSPEC (Correlation Spectroscopy). This equipment has several disadvantages; such as heavy, big in size, difficulty in finding spare part, and expensive. DOAS (Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) is a new method for SO2 emission measurement that has advantages compares to the COSPEC. Recently, this method has been developed. The SO2 gas emission measurement of Gunung Merapi by DOAS has been carried out at Kaliadem, and also by COSPEC method as comparation. The differences of the measurement result of both methods are not significant. However, the differences of minimum and maximum result of DOAS method are smaller than that of the COSPEC. It has range between 51 ton/day and 87 ton/day for DOAS and 87 ton/day and 201 ton/day for COSPEC. The measurement of SO2 gas emission evaluated with the seismicity data especially the rockfall showed the presence of the positive correlation. It may cause the gas pressure in the subsurface influencing instability of 2006 eruption lava.   Keywords: SO2 gas, Merapi, DOAS, COSPEC
PREPARATION OF CHITOSAN-GOLD NANOPARTICLES: PART 1 (OF 2). EFFECT OF REDUCING TECHNIQUE
Authors: Adlim Adlim , Bakar Mohamad Abu
Published: January 2019

Chitosan-stabilized gold nanoparticles were synthesized in aqueous formic acid, citric, or acetic acid with and without chitosan as the stabilizer. Refluxing in methanol, addition of hydrazine or sodium borohydride, photo-irradiation were employed as the reducing agents & reduction technique of gold ions. Dispersed particles of chitosan-stabilized gold were obtained in aqueous acetic acid-methanol solution.  The chitosan-stabilized gold colloids (chi-Au) were dispersed and the particle size were in range of 9-30 nm, some of which were crystalline with various shapes.  Chi-Au prepared with hydrazine as the reducing agent resulted in large and aggregated particles. The finest and dispersed chi-Au particles were obtained if NaBH4 was used as the reducing agent and the diameters could be controlled within 2.2-2.3 nm.   Keywords: Gold nanoparticles, chitosan, size control
ELECTRON BEAM CURING OF EPOXY ACRYLATE COATINGS ON MEDIUM-DENSITY FIBERBOARD
Authors: Danu Sugiarto , Darsono Darsono
Published: January 2019

Most of the medium-density fiberboard (MDF) as an engineered woods need surface coating process before entering final products, such as furniture and building materials. The wood surface should be covered for surface protection from damage during service life as well as to enhance its appearance. Surface coating of MDF was conducted using epoxy acrylate resin either for clear and pigmented coatings. Titanium dioxide was used for white pigmented coatings. Coating was conducted at variation thickness level of 30 to 150 μm. Curing was carried out by using 350 kV electron beam accelerator at 1.35 mA current and 1.6 m/min conveyor speed to get the absorbed dose of 3 Mrad. Effect of coating thickness was evaluated by measuring the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of cured samples, i.e., hardness, gloss, transparency, adhesion, abrasion resistance, and chemical, solvent and stain resistance. Experimental results showed that pendulum hardness and abrasion resistance slightly increased whereas gloss, transparency and adhesion resistance decreased with increasing coating thickness, while chemical, solvent and stain resistance remains similar. In general, clear coating provides better properties than pigmented coating.   Keywords: electron-beam; coating; epoxy-acrylate; pigment; medium-density fiberboard
SYNTHESIS OF 4-(4-METHOXY-PHENYL)-3-BUTENE-2-ON AND THE ACTIVITY TEST AS A FRUIT FLIES ATRACTANT
Authors: Pranowo Deni , Martono Edhi , Suputa Suputa , Muchalal Muchalal , Wahyuningsih Tutik D. , Afandi M. Yusuf
Published: January 2019

4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-buten-2-on has been synthesized from p-anisaldehyde and acetone via aldol condensation. The reaction was performed at room temperature under basic condition for 12 hours to give brown solid of product (m.p 64-65 oC) in 66.19 % yield. p-anisaldehyde itself was produced from oxidation of anetol major component of anise oil by the use of potassium permanganate as a oxidator. The structure of the products was analyzed by FTIR, 1H NMR and GC-MS. Activity test of 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-buten-2-on as an attractant was carried out in Sleman with methyl eugenol as a reference. The result showed that 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-buten-2-on was inactive compound as a fruit flies attractant and some of fruit flies, i.e. Bactrocera papayae, B. carambolae, B. umbrosa and B. abdolonginqua was found on the test area.   Keywords: 4-(4-metoxy-phenyl)-3-butene-2-on, Bactrocera spp., attractant
PHOTODEGRADATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF CHLOROPHYLL a FROM SPIRULINA (Spirulina sp.) POWDER
Authors: Christiana Rebecca , Kristopo Hari , Limantara Leenawaty
Published: January 2019

Research on chlorophyll a from Spirulina (Spirulina sp.) powder has been done in order to determine chlorophyll a content, to compare degradation pattern and kinetics degradation of chlorophyll a and crude extract as well as to investigate the difference of antioxidant activity of chlorophyll a with or without irradiation. Chlorophyll a content in spirulina powder was calculated by using Porra's equation. Irradiation and recovery ability of chlorophyll a were measured by using volpi light (Intralux 6100) equipped with daylight filter. The antioxidant activity of chlorophyll a was determined by using DPPH method. The results showed that chlorophyll a content was 2.886 μg/g dry weight. Chlorophyll a has the higher stability than crude extract against 60 minutes irradiation at room temperature. Kinetics degradation of chlorophyll a was based on second order while crude extract based on first order. Chlorophyll a and crude extract have recovery ability. The results also showed that antioxidant activity of chlorophyll a was increased after 60 minutes of irradiation.   Keywords: antioxidant activity, chlorophyll a, photodegradation, spirulina powder
ACTIVITY TEST OF GUAVA (Psidium guajava L.) LEAF METHANOL EXTRACT AS CONTRACEPTION ANTIFERTILITY TO WHITE MICE (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Ariani Sri Retno Dwi , Susilowati Endang , Susanti VH Elfi , Setiyani Setiyani
Published: January 2019

The aim of this research is to know about if the guava (Psidium guajava L.) leaf methanol extract on 10.5 mg/mL and 21.0 mg/mL dossages indicate a positive test as contraception antifertility to white mice (Rattus norvegicus). The sample is guava leaf from Mungkid, Magelang Central of Java Indonesia. The animals experiment are the white mice on 140-300 g for female, 200-250 g for male and about 3 months of age in average. The steps of this research are : (1) preparing  sample, i.e. washing, drying on to indirect sunlight and make the sample into powder, (2) isolation the guava leaf powder in soxhlet instrument with hexane, (3) evaporation the sample with rotary evaporator until guava leaf hexane extract produced, (4) maseration the sample with methanol, (5) evaporation the sample with rotary evaporator until guava leaf methanol extract produced, (6) conducting contraception antifertility activity test to guave leaf methanol extract on 10.5 mg/mL and 21.0 mg/mL dossages to mice white. The results of this research are guava leaf methanol extract on 10.5 mg/mL and 21.0 mg/mL dossages indicate a negative contraception antifertility test to white mice but in these dossages have indicated that an antiimplantation effect (the total natality of fetus is less than the total implantation site in mice white).   Keywords: Guava leaf, contraseption antifertility, methanol extract, white mice, implantation
COMPARISON TEST OF FNAA AND AAS METHOD FOR Cu, Cd, Cr, AND Pb ANALYSIS OF CODE RIVER SEDIMENT (INDONESIA)
Authors: Sunardi Sunardi , Supriyanto C.
Published: January 2019

Comparison test of Fast Neutron Activation Analysis (FNAA) and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) method for analysis of Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb elements in Code river sediment samples has been done. Comparisons of test used Standard Reference materials (SRM) sample, covering the validation test, t test and F test for both method and then these methods were used to analyze the Code river sediment samples. Comparisons test result show that the validity of both method are around 92.69 % to 98.12 % and t test show that there is no significant difference in average concentration, F test of both methods show that there is no difference in accuracy. The analysis  result of Code sediment using FNAA for Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb are (15.41 - 53.92) ppm, (1.82 - 3.66) ppm, (14.72 - 87.28) ppm, (18.23 - 109.31) ppm respectively, while those using AAS method are (13.71 - 51.11) ppm, (1.64 - 3.33) ppm, (12.81 - 86.75) ppm, (15.74 - 105.53) ppm, respectively. Statistic result test using ANOVA method showed that the concentration of Cr are not significantly differences within sampling locations, while those for Cd, Cr, Pb show a significant difference within sampling location   Keywords: FNAA, AAS, Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, sediment samples
PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF RHODAMIN-B USING METAL COMPLEXES AND HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
Authors: Lodha Savitri , Jain Abhilasha , Paliwal Mukesh , Punjabi Pinki B.
Published: January 2019

The photocatalytic degradation has been considered to be an efficient process for degradation of organic pollutants, which are present in the effluents released by industries. The photocatalytic bleaching was carried out on rhodamin-B (cationic dye) in the presence of iron (III) complex, hydrogen peroxide and was observed spectrophotometrically. The effect of various operating variables like pH, concentration of complex and dye, amount of H2O2 and light intensity etc. was also observed on the efficiency of the reaction. A tentative mechanism has also been proposed for this photocatalytic degradation of rhodamin-B.   Keywords: Photocatalytic degradation, rhodamin-B, metal complexes, hydrogen peroxide
SOL-GEL DERIVED Co AND Ni BASED CATALYSTS: APPLICATION FOR STEAM REFORMING OF ETHANOL
Authors: Oktaviano Haryo Satriya , Trisunaryanti Wega
Published: January 2019

Cobalt and nickel based catalysts for ethanol steam reforming have been prepared. Preparation of Na-Ni-Mo/C, Na-Co-Mo/C, K-Ni-Mo/C and K-Co-Mo/C have been carried out using sol-gel method by applying citric acid as complexion agent and source for support formation. Prepared catalyst via sol gel showed tailored morphological properties signed by tailored pore size distribution. The acidity of catalyst showed that all catalysts contain only Lewis acid site. The catalyst activity test was conducted by using semi flow method with molar ratio of ethanol : water = 0.33 at 400 oC   Keywords: sol-gel method, steam reforming, ethanol
WHIM-3D-QSPR APPROACH FOR PREDICTING AQUEOUS SOLUBILITY OF CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS
Authors: Zuas Oman
Published: January 2019

The weighted holistic invariant molecular-three dimensional-quantitative structure property relationship (WHIM-3D-QSPR) approach has been applied to the study of the aqueous solubility (- log Sw) of chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds (CHC's). The obtained QSPR model is predictive and only requires four WHIM-3D descriptors in the calculation. The correlation equation of the model that is based on a training set of 50 CHC's compound has statistical parameters: standard coefficient correlation (R2) = 0.948; cross-validated correlation coefficients (Q2) = 0.935; Standard Error of Validation (SEV) = 0.35; and average absolute error (AAE) = 0.31. The application of the best model to a testing set of 50 CHC's demonstrates a reliable result with good predictability. Besides, it was possible to construct new model by applying WHIM-3D-QSPR approach without require any experimental physicochemical properties in the calculation of aqueous solubility.   Keywords: WHIM-3D; QSPR; aqueous solubility; - Log Sw, chlorinated hydrocarbons, CHC's
ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF LIPASE FROM COCOA BEANS (Theobroma cacao. L.) OF CLONE PBC 159
Authors: Samsumaharto Ratna Agung
Published: January 2019

Lipase (triacylglycerol acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.3) was extracted and purified from acetone dry powder of cocoa (Theobroma cacao. L.) of clone PBC 159 extract. The Lipase  from AcDP of cocoa beans was used for purification using 40-60 and 60-80% ammonium sulphate precipitation. The resulted indicated 44.73 and 60.51-fold purification with 26.74 and 33.31% recovery lipase activity (yield), respectively. The crude lipase enzyme from both precipitation were eluted, producing a single peak after applying through Sephacryl S-200 chromatography. The purified enzyme had a uniform specific activity throughout the final chromatography peak. The results from SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the molecular weight of the lipase enzyme was in between 45-66 kDa.   Keywords: isolation, purification, lipase, cocoa beans
INHIBITION OF HUMAN LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS OXIDATION BY Hibiscus radiatus CUV. CALYCES EXTRACT
Authors: Hernawan Hernawan
Published: January 2019

Hibiscus radiatus Cuv calyces extracts rich in polyphenols was screened for their potential to inhibit oxidation of human low-density lipoproteins-cholesterol (LDL-C) in vitro. The inhibition of LDL-C oxidation (antioxidant activity) was determined by measuring the formation of conjugated dienes and thiobarbituric acid reagent substances (TBARS). LDL-C oxidation was carried out in the presence of H. radiatus Cuv calyces extract (20 and 50 μM). CuSO4 (10 μM) was used as the oxidation initiator and  butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) at 50 μM was used as standard antioxidant. The protective effect of H. radiatus Cuv. calyces extract toward human low-density lipoproteins, complex lipid system was  demonstrated by significant increase lag time (> 103 min), diminished of the propagation rate (44 %), and diminution of conjugated dienes formation 59.42 % (50 μM) compared to control.   Keywords: antioxidant, conjugated dienes, Hibiscus radiatus Cuv, low-density lipoproteins-cholesterol
A REVISIT OF PECHMANN REACTION UNDER MICROWAVE RADIATION
Authors: Chattha Fauzia Anjum , Nagra Saeed Ahmed , Munawar Munawar Ali
Published: January 2019

A series of coumarins have been prepared by the Pechmann reaction of different phenols with ethyl acetoactate as well as malic acid using catalytic amount of sulfuric acid under microwave irradiation for few seconds.   Keywords: Pechman reaction, Coumarins, Microwave irradiation
MICELLE-MEDIATED EXTRACTION AS A TOOL FOR SEPARATION AND PRECONCENTRATION IN COPPER ANALYSIS
Authors: Ahmadia F. , Khanmohammadi A. , Malekpour A.
Published: January 2019

A cloud point extraction method was presented for preconcentration of copper in various samples. After complexation with 4-Amino-2,3-dimethyl-1-phenyl-3-pyrazoline-5-one (ADPP) or N-Benzoyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine (BPA)  in water, analyte ions are quantitatively extracted to the phase rich in Triton X-114 after centrifugation. 2.0 mol L-1 HNO3 solution in methanol was added to the surfactant-rich phase prior to its analysis by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The adopted concentrations for ADPP, Triton X-114, HNO3 and parameters such as bath temperature, centrifuge rate and time were optimized. Detection limits (3SDb/m) of 1.3 and 1.9 ng mL-1 for ADPP and BPA along with enrichment factors of 30 and 38 for ADPP and BPA were achieved. The high efficiency of cloud point extraction to carry out the determination of analyte in complex matrices was demonstrated. The proposed method was applied to the analysis of biological, industrial, natural and wastewater, soil and blood samples.   Keywords: 4-Amino-2,3-dimethyl-1-phenyl-3-pyrazoline-5-one (ADPP), N-Benzoyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine (BPA) ,   Cloud Point Extraction, Triton X-114, Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry.
EFFECT OF DE-tert-BUTYLATION AND FUNCTIONALIZATION WITH AMINE GROUPS AT THE UPPER RIM OF p-tert-BUTYLCALIX[4]ARENE TO THE EXTRACTABILITY FOR Cr3+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ IONS
Authors: Firdaus Firdaus , Jumina Jumina , Sastrohamidjojo Hardjono
Published: January 2019

The effects to the extractability forwards Cr3+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ ions of de-tert-butylation and functionalization with amine groups at the upper rim of p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene had been studied by applied the p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene (1), tetrahydroxycalix[4]arene (2), and p-(amino)butoxycalixarene (3) compounds as extractants for the heavy metals ions. The extraction involved optimise of three parameters, i.e. pH, time, and concentration of extractants. The extraction degrees of the heavy metals ions at optimum conditions were compared each other to decide the effects. Compound 1 showed high extractability to Cr3+ and Pb2+ ions over Cd2+ ion, but compound 2 as the debutylated product of compound 1 showed low extractability to the all of the heavy metals ions. Compound 3 as product of etherification with butyl groups of the lower rim followed functionalization with amine groups of the upper rim of compound 1 showed high extractability to Pb2+, but low to Cr3+ and Cd2+. Pursuant to the facts it was concluded that debutylation of compound 1 to compound 2 causing decrease drastically of extractability to the heavy metals ions; functionalization of the upper with amine groups as ionophore (compound 3) causing increase of the extractability to Pb2+ ion and decrease of the extractability to Cr3+ with increasing of separation factor value β(Pb2+/Cr3+) from 1.74 by compound 1 to 48.00 by compound 3. By slope analysis, the extracted species and mechanisms of the extractions have been confirmed.   Keywords: p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene, debutylation, p-(amino)butoxycalix[4]arene, extractability, heavy metals, extraction mechanisms.
RAPID ISOMERIZATION OF ALKYNOL BY POTASSIUM AMINOPROPYLAMIDE REAGENT
Authors: Winarno Hendig
Published: January 2019

Terminal alkynol (w-alkynol) is an intermediate compound in synthesis of a potent anticancer agent, namely C-16 alkynic fatty acid. For synthesis of this intermediate compound, it is needed to synthesize the appropriate internal alkynol, namely 2-nonyn-1-ol (10), 2-undecyn-1-ol (11), and 2-heptyn-1-ol (12), subsequently to convert these internal alkynol into terminal alkynol, namely 8-nonyn-1-ol (7), 10-undecyn-1-ol (8), and 6-heptyn-1-ol (9), an isomerization reaction was needed. Based on the method which developed by ABRAMS by using potassium 3-aminopropylamide (KAPA) reagent, the isomerization reaction could be done within 5 minutes in 93-94% yield.   Keywords : Isomerization, KAPA reagent, alkynol.
THE INFLUENCE OF ORGANIC SOLVENT PROTEIN PRECIPITATION ON SDS PAGE PROTEIN PROFILE IN SERUM
Authors: Raharjo Tri Joko , Suprihatin Rusmiati , Pranowo Deni
Published: January 2019

A study on the influence of organic solvent protein precipitation to the profile of the serum protein has been accomplished. The expected conditions were precipitation of abundant proteins present in serum result in increasing relative concentration of minor protein which can be useful for sample preparation for biomarker studies. The serum were precipitated with various diluted (
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CdS IN DIOL VANILIN LIQUID CRYSTAL MONOMER
Authors: Lee H. L. , Bakar M. Abu , Ismail J. , Issam A.M.
Published: January 2019

Nanocomposites comprising diol-vanilin and cadmium sulfide (CdS) has been synthesized via chemical precipitation method in ethanol at refluxed temperature (160 oC) for 12 hours. CdCl2. 2.5H2O and thiourea as cadmium and sulfide precursors respectively were employed. Diol vanilin is a thermotropic liquid crystal monomer which exhibits enantiotropic nematic metaphase texture when observed under polarizing microscope and confirmed by DSC thermal stability study. A series of different mass composition  of diol vanilin and CdS nanocomposites ranging from  0.1:1.0 till 1.0:1.0(w/w) were prepared and characterized using XRD, TEM, SEM-EDX, POM and DSC. The X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) showed broad peaks due to the formation of cubic CdS nanoparticles in diol vanilin matrix. The nanocomposites at low mass composition  of CdS still maintained their nematic phase. However, the liquid crystal property was affected when the mass  composition  of CdS in nanocomposite was increased and the liquid crystal characteristic vanished when the mass composition  was at 0.6:1.0. .    Keywords: CdS, diol vanilin, thermotropic liquid crystal, nanocomposite.
SYNTHESIS AND CONFORMATIONS OF p-(ACETAMIDO)-BUTOXYCALIX[4]ARENE AND p-(BENZAMIDO)-BUTOXYCALIX[4]ARENE
Authors: Firdaus Firdaus , Jumina Jumina , Sastrohamidjojo Hardjono
Published: January 2019

The conversion of p-(amino)butoxycalix[4]arene, 1, to p-(acetamido)butoxy-calix[4]arene, 2, and p-(benzamido)butoxycalix[4]arene, 3, via acetylation and benzoylation reactions, respectively have been conducted. The acetylation reactions was conducted by reflux method and room temperature method. The reflux method was conducted by refluxed a solution of 1 and acetic anhydride in acetic acid glacial solvent for 12 hours to result 2 in 53.8% yield; while the room temperature method was conducted by stirred a solution of 1, acetyl chloride, and dry pyridine in dry toluene solvent and inert atmosphere at room temperature for 24 hours to result 2 in 97.8% yield. By the room temperature method and using benzoyl chloride, the compound 3 was obtained in 67.1% yield. Structures of the both compounds were confirmed using IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy methods. Pursuant to the 1H-NMR spectral patterns of their bridge methylene and calix aryl protons, they were known that the compound 3 exist in partial cone conformation; whereas the compound 2 exist in partial cone, cone, and 1,2-alternate conformations where the partial cone was the main conformer.   Keywords: p-(amino)butoxycalix[4]arene, p-(acetamido)butoxycalix[4]arene, p-(benzamido)butoxycalix[4]arene,
CHROMIUM (III) ADSORPTION FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY Rhizophora apiculata TANNINS
Authors: Oo C. W. , Jain K.
Published: January 2019

Adsorption of Cr3+ from aqueous solution by Rhizophora apiculata tannins was investigated in batch shaking experiments. Tannins extracted from R. apiculata mangrove barks was chemically modified with formaldehyde in the basic solution of sodium hydroxide. The performance of the produced adsorbent on the adsorption of Cr3+ was evaluated based on the effect of several parameters like initial pH, adsorbent dosage, initial Cr3+ concentration and contact time. Equilibrium adsorption data was analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips and Dubinin-Raduskhevich (D-R) isotherms. The fitness of the isotherms to the experimental data was determined by non-linear regression analysis. Adsorption capacity calculated from Langmuir isotherm was found to be 10.14 mg Cr3+/g of adsorbent at optimum adsorption pH of 4.5. Mean energy of adsorption with the value of 10.35 kJ/mol indicated that adsorption Cr3+ on Rhizophora apiculata tannins followed ion-exchange reaction. Kinetic study showed that the adsorption process followed the pseudo second-order kinetic model.   Keywords:  Rhizophora apiculata, tannins, isotherms, kinetic, chromium.
SYNTHESIS AND ANTIPLASMODIAL ACTIVITY TESTING OF (1)-N-(4-METHOXYBENZYL)-1,10-PHENANTHROLINIUM BROMIDE
Authors: Hadanu Ruslin , Mastjeh Sabirin , Jumina Jumina , Mustofa Mustofa , Widjayanti Mahardika Agus , Sholikhah Eti Nurwening
Published: January 2019

Synthesis of (1)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1,10-phenanthroline bromide from 1,10-phenanthroline monohydrate and 4-methoxybenzaldehyde as starting material and evaluation of its antiplasmodial activities have been carried out. The 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol was prepared from 4-methoxy-benzaldehyde using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) reagent and ethanol absolute solution. The mixture was refluxed for 3 h. To yield colorless dilution compound with 90.41 % in efficiency. Furthermore, bromination of 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol with phosphorus bromide (PBr3) was conducted by refluxing for 3 h. The product of this reaction was yellow liquid of 4-methoxybenzyl bromide, 79.03% yield and 95.34 % purity. The final step of reaction was benzylation of 1,10-phenanthroline monohydrate with 4-methoxybenzyl bromide reagent. It was conducted by refluxing in aceton for 8 h at 55 oC. The yield of the reaction was (1)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1,10-phenanthroline bromide (77.63%). It is pink solid form, and its melting point is 192-193 oC. Identification of the product was carried out by means of GC-MS, IR and 1H-NMR spectrometers. The in vitro antiplasmodial activity on chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum FCR-3 strain and chloroquine sensitive P. falciparum D10 strain for (1)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1,10-phenanthroline bromide were determined by microscopic method. The result showed that after 72 h incubation, it has IC50 0.93±0.02 µM and 1.21±0.09 µM, respectively.   Keywords: 1,10-phenanthroline,  (1)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1,10-phenanthroline bromide, 4 methoxybenzaldehyde, antiplasmodial activities
SYNTHESIS OF UK-3A ANALOGUE AND ASSAY ON P 388 MURINE LEUKEMIA CELLS
Authors: Anita Y , Hanafi M , Putra AMJ , Arifin S , Usuki Y , Iio H
Published: January 2019

UK-3A is secondary metabolite of Streptomyces sp.517-02 which has IC50 38 µg/mL against P388 Murine Leukemia cells. An analogue of UK-3A was synthesized from L-methyl serine as the starting material by amidation and esterification. An analogue UK-3A was analyzed and identified by TLC, FT-IR, LC-MS and NMR spectrometer. It was found to have IC50 15.4µg/mL against the same Leukemia cells. The overall yield was 87.10%.   Keywords: UK-3A, Streptomyces sp. 517-02, Anticancer, P388 Murine Leukeumia cell
BIOSORPTION OF METAL IONS Pb(II), Cu(II), AND Cd(II) ON Sargassum duplicatum IMMOBILIZED SILICA GEL MATRIX
Authors: Buhani Buhani , Suharso Suharso , Sembiring Zipora
Published: January 2019

Sargassum duplicatum algae biomass is biological material which has a potency to be used as a biosorbent adsorb metal ions from industrial liquid waste, because it has effective functional group as a ligand. However, the ability of the algae biomass in adsorbing of heavy metal ions has some problem such as; tiny size, low density, and easy to be degradated by other microorganism. In addition, algae biomass can not be used directly in adsorption column for its application as the biosorbent. In order to improve physical and chemical prpperties of algae biomass, it needs to be immobilized on silica gel matrix. Series of experiment have been done, morphology analysis of adsorbent surface was performed by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and adsorption process to examine the effectiveness of algae biomass immobilized in adsorbing Pb(II), Cu(II), and Cd(II) was performed using batch method at 27 °C. Concentration of metal was determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) and identification of functional group was conducted using Spectrophotometer Infrared (IR). Data obtained showed that interacting among metal ions with algae biomass is optimum at a range of 60 minutes. Adsorption energies of metal ions resulted from the interaction of metal ions with the functional group of -C=O group from carboxyl and amide on algae biomass and -Si-OH group from silica were at a range of 21.09-25.05 kJ/mole.   Keywords: biosorption, silica gel, Sargassum duplicatum, immobilization
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TRIAQUATRISULFISOKSAZOL COBALT(II)SULPHATE.nHYDRATE COMPLEX
Authors: Rahardjo Sentot Budi , Masykur Abu , Puspitaningrum Melin
Published: January 2019

Complex of cobalt(II) with sulfisoxazole (slfs) has been synthesized in 1 : 4 mole ratio of metal to ligands in methanol, the complex formula is [Co(slfs)3(H2O)3]SO4.nH2O. The electric conductivity of the complex in methanol correspond to 1:1 electrolyte. The thermal analysis indicates that complex contain some hydrates. Magnetic Susceptibility measurements show that the complex is paramagnetic with µeff = 4,60(9) BM. Infra red spectra indicates that the primary N-H group coordinated to the center ion, it is signed by a shift of primary N-H group absorption. UV-Vis spectrum appears one peak at λ= 515,5 nm (19.342 cm-1) due to transition peak of 4T1g (F) → 4T2g (P) (ν3) overlay to transition peak of 4T1g(F) → 4A2g(F) (ν2). The value of 10 Dq (Δo) that corresponds to transition 4T1g → 4T2g (n1) is 95,29 kJ.mol-1. Cyclic voltammograms have revealed quasi reversible. The complex probably is octahedral.   Keywords: cobalt(II), sulfisoxazole, complex, paramagnetic, octahedral
ONE-STEP CONVERSION OF EUGENOL TO METHYL ISOEUGENOL USING MICROWAVE IRRADIATION IN SOLVENT-FREE CONDITIONS
Authors: Rudyanto Marcellino , Hartanti Lanny
Published: January 2019

A research on conversion of eugenol to methyl isoeugenol via one-step reaction with microwave irradiation has been carried out. Mixtures containing eugenol, sodium or potassium carbonate as solid support, with or without sodium or potassium hydroxide as base, with or without tetrabutylammonium bromide as phase transfer catalyst, with dimethyl sulfate as the methylating agent were irradiated in a domestic microwave oven for 20 - 50 seconds. It was revealed that one-step methylation and isomerization required combinations of sodium or potassium hydroxide base and tetrabutylammonium bromide. Without combination of base and TBAB only one product, i.e. methyl eugenol, was formed.   Keywords: eugenol, methyl eugenol, methyl isoeugenol, microwave
SYNTHESIS OF THIN FILM OF TiO2 ON GRAPHITE SUBSTRATE BY CHEMICAL BATH DEPOSITION
Authors: Rahmawati Fitria , Wahyuningsih Sayekti , A.W Pamularsih
Published: January 2019

Thin film of TiO2 on graphite substrat has been prepared by means of chemical bath deposition. Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide served  as linking agent of synthesized TiO2 to graphite substrate.The optical microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) indicate that surfactant concentration affects the pore morphology of thin film Surface Area Analysis (SAA) of thin film indicated that the pore of thin film included in mesopore category. The anatase phase of TiO2 quantity arised as the surfactant concentration increase, gave high efficiency of induced photon conversion to current efficiency (% IPCE).   Keywords: thin film, TiO2, deposition, graphite
EFFECT OF ZEOLITE 4A ON WATER CONCENTRATION IN THE SYSTEM OF THE ESTERIFICATION REACTION OF ACETIC ACID WITH 1-BUTANOL
Authors: Kusumaningtyas Ratna Dewi
Published: January 2019

The usual problem encountered on a reversible reaction is that the reaction cannot achieve a complete conversion of reactants since it is limited by the thermodynamic equilibrium. Due to this low conversion, it will face challenges with product purification and recycling of the reactants, which then cause an increase in the operation cost. To obtain higher conversion, it is necessary to shift the equilibrium towards the products by continuously removing the water formed. One popular example of reversible reaction is esterification process. In this research, water removal was conducted through an adsorption process using zeolite 4A. Effect of zeolite 4A on water concentration in the liquid phase esterification of acetic acid and 1-butanol catalyzed by sulfuric acid was investigated. It was performed in an isothermal batch reactor. The molar ratio of 1-butanol - acetic acid was 1.4 times theoretically, the catalyst concentration was 1 % wt and the mixing intensity was 1000 rpm. The influence of the temperature was studied at 40 to 80 °C and the zeolite 4A loading was varied at 1.6 to 5.52 % w/ v. The reaction was compared to the conventional esterification reaction carried out under identical conditions but without addition of zeolite 4A. Concentration of each component in the system was analyzed using on-line Gas Chromatography. Effect of removing the water produced during the reaction by using zeolite 4A was demonstrated. It was revealed that the amount of water removed was proportional to the amount of the zeolite 4A to be employed. On the other hand, the increase of the temperature led to the lower amount of water to be adsorbed. Among all the experiments, the best result was achieved on the addition of 5.52 % b/v zeolite 4A at 40 °C, where water concentration was 3.1356 g mole/L and the conversion was 76.11 % at the equilibrium condition. As comparison, water concentration on the conventional reaction performed at 40 °C was 6.9161 g mole/L and the conversion was 62.5 % at the equilibrium condition. The equation illustrating the effect of zeolite 4A loading on the conversion obtained at the equilibrium condition was: XAe = 0.6248 + 0.0868 C4A0.2848, where XAe was equilibrium conversion of Acetic Acid and C4A was Zeolite 4A loading (g/100 mL liquid).   Keywords: reversible reaction, esterification, zeolite 4A, water removal, adsorption
SEPARATION AND PRECONCENTRATION OF COPPER (II) ION BY FATTY HYDROXAMIC ACIDS IMMOBILIZED ONTO AMBERLITE XAD – 4 RESIN
Authors: Suhendra Dedy , Wan Yunus W. M. Z. , Haron Md. Jelas , Basri Mahiran , Silong Sidik
Published: January 2019

A method of copper (II) ion preconcentration and separation from other ions by using a column containing fatty hydroxamic acids - loaded Amberlite XAD 4 resin (FHA-Amb) is described. Several factors, which affect the separation and preconcentration efficiency such as pH, sample volume, and concentration of eluent and flow rate, have been investigated.  A quantitative recovery of copper (II) ion from FHA-Amb resin column was obtained using 10% HNO3 solutions as eluent with a preconcentration factor of 60. A method for separation of Cu(II) from Zn(II) and Cd(II) is proposed.  A rapid sample throughput, a clean separation, a high preconcentration factor and simplicity are the main advantages in these analytical procedures.   Keywords: extraction, preconcentration, fatty hydroxamic acid, copper (ii) ion, amberlite XAD-4
ACTIVITY OF PROPYL p-BENZOYLOXYBENZOATE AS A GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE(S) INHIBITOR: THE COMPARISON BETWEEN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY APPROACH AND EMPIRICAL OBSERVATION
Authors: Istyastono Enade Perdana , Harnita Agnes Nora Iska , Martono Sudibyo
Published: January 2019

The activity of propyl p-benzoyloxybenzoate as a glutathione S-transferase(s) (GSTs) inhibitor has been examined through computational chemistry based theoretical approach and laboratory experiment. This research was related to the nature of GSTs as multifunctional enzymes, which play an important role in the detoxification of electrophilic compounds, the process of inflammation and the effectivities of anticancer compounds. Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) study, which was established on curcumin and its derivatives using computational chemistry approach, was used to examine the theoretical activity of p-benzoyloxybenzoate as a GSTs inhibitor. Empirical observation on GSTs inhibition was examined using formation reaction model of GS-CNB conjugate through conjugation of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and glutathione (GSH) with GSTs (prepared from rat's liver) as catalysts. The result showed that the difference between the activities of propyl p-benzoyloxybenzoate as a GSTs inhibitor obtained from the computational chemistry approach and the empirical observation were not statistically significant at 95% level of confidence.   Keywords: Propyl p-benzoyloxybenzoate, inhibitor,  glutathione S-transferase (GSTs), QSAR
PREPARATIONS AND APPLICATION OF METAL NANOPARTICLES
Authors: Adlim Adlim
Published: January 2019

Terminology of metal nanoparticles, the uniqueness properties in terms of the surface atom, the quantum dot, and the magnetism are described. The further elaboration was on the synthesis of nanoparticles. Applications of metal nanoparticles in electronic, ceramic medical and catalysis were overviewed. The bibliography includes 81 references with 99% are journal articles.   Keywords: metal nanoparticles
SYNTHESIS OF ANALOG L--METIL-DOPA FROM EUGENOL
Authors: Sohilait Hanoch J , Sastrohamidjojo Hardjono , Matsjeh Sabirin , Grossert J Stuart
Published: January 2019

Synthesis of analog L--metil-Dopa from eugenol has been achieved through conversion of allyl group to ketone, followed by reaction with NH3 and KCN and by hydrolisis. The addition reaction of methyleugenol with formic acid yield methyleugenyl formate (60,69%). The hydrolis of methyileugenylformate with KOH in aqaueous-ethanolic solution produced methyleugenyl alcohol (73,68%). The oxidation of methyleugenyl alcohol with PCC yield methyleugenyl ketone (67,71%). The reaction of methyleugenyl ketone with NH3 and KCN yield D,L--amino--(3,4-dimetoxybenzyl) propionitril (84,14%). The hydrolisis of D,L--amino--(3,4-dimetoxybenzyl) propionitril with concentrated hydrochloric acid gave Analog L--metil-Dopa as a main target (91,98%). The structure elucidation of these products were analyzed by FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and MS   Keywords: Analog L--metil-Dopa; eugenol.
SORPTION-DESORPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF HEAVY METALS AND THEIR AVAILABILITY FROM THE SEDIMENT OF SEGARA ANAKAN ESTUARY
Authors: Noegrohati Sri
Published: January 2019

Estuarine sediments are increasingly recognized as both a carrier and a possible source of heavy metals in pollution of aquatic ecosystems. The bioavailability of heavy metal from sediments, however, is a long-standing impediment of questions in determining the metal effects in ecosystems. The fraction considered as available heavy metal are both the dissolved heavy metal and the exchangable cations. The main objective of this study is to understand the extent of heavy metal availability from sediments in estuarine ecosystem. It was found that the availability of heavy metals, i.e. copper, zinc, cadmium, and mercury in the estuarine ecosystem investigated, are governed by the relative strength of the electrostatic attraction of their complexation to the ligands present both in the sediment and the overlaying waters. Under simulated estuarine ecosystem, it was observed that Cu and Zn prefer to form organo-complex through ligand exchange, while Cd and Hg tend to form chloro-complex through electrostatic interaction. Therefore, the availability of Hg and Cd is higher in more saline overlaying water. On the contrary, the availability of Cu and Zn is lower in more saline overlaying waters, as indicated by their respective water-sediment distribution coefficient, KD. Similar behaviour of heavy metal was observed in natural field conditions of Segara Anakan estuary. Due to the higher salinity of the overlaying water, the availability of Cd and Hg in dry season was higher than in wet season, while Zn was more available in wet season due to the higher input of organic matters from the inland. The patterns of heavy metal release from the sediment are consistent to that obtained in experiments of the undisturbed simulation, where highest release was obtained for Cd. Surprisingly, it was found that even though Cd was not detected in the sediment, higher level of Cd in water medium was observed in dry season, and Cu seems to retain in the sediment in both dry and wet seasons. Compared to the unextractable fraction, the extractable was very low, therefore Geloina sp. was used as biomonitor for dissolved Cd and Hg, and Zn in sediment. Generally, the heavy metal concentration in Geloina sp. was higher in dry season than in wet season, but no Cu uptake was detected. Therefore, the establishment of limit values of heavy metals in sediment is highly recommended.   Keywords: heavy metal, sorption-desorption, estuary, availability.
ACTIVITY TEST AND REGENERATION OF NiMo/Z CATALYST FOR HYDROCRACKING OF WASTE PLASTIC FRACTION TO GASOLINE FRACTION
Authors: Rodiansono Rodiansono , Trisunaryanti Wega
Published: January 2019

Activity test and regeneration of NiMo/active natural zeolite catalyst for hydrocracking of waste plastic fraction of polyprophylene (PP) type have been carried out. The catalysts was prepared by loading Mo followed by Ni Metals onto the natural zeolite (Z) sample, then calcined at 500oC, oxidized and reduced at 400oC under nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen stream, respectively. The characterization of catalysts including spesific surface area, average pore radius, and total pore volume were performed by gas sorption analyzer, amount of total acid sites was determined by gas sorption method, and acid site strength was confirmed by IR spectroscopy. The hydrocracking process was carried out in a semi-flow reactor system at 360 oC and catalyst:feed ratio 0.5 under hydrogen stream (150 mL/hour). The feed was vaporized from the pyrolisis reactor into the hydrocracking reactor. A liquid product was collected and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The characterization results showed that spesific surface area, average pore radius, and total pore volume of the Z sample decreased after loading of the Ni and Mo metals. Amount of total acid sites of the NiMo/Z catalyst was higher than that of the Z sample. The activity of NiMo/Z catalyst decreased after several continously runs. Its regeneration produced the NiMo/Z reg catalyst with similar activity and selectivity to the fresh catalyst (NiMo/Z). The activity of catalysts at the optimum condition followed the order of NiMo/Z reg>NiMo/Z>Z (conversion of hydrocarbon C>12) and NiMo/Z reg>NiMo/Z>Z (total yield of gasoline fraction). The selectivity of catalysts for C7-C8 product followed the order of Z>NiMo/Z>NiMo/Z reg. Keywords: activity, polyprophylene, catalyst, gasoline fraction.
CRYSTALLIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CHROMIUM-CONTAINING SILICALITE-1
Authors: Sutrisno Hari , Siswani Endang Dwi , Kristianingrum Susila , Suharto Suharto
Published: January 2019

Chromium-containing silicalite-1, designed CrS-1, was synthesized by the hydrothermal method and characterized by XRD and FTIR techniques. The objectives of the research are to study the synthesis of CrS-1 and investigate the effect of crystallization temperatures and times toward its character. All samples of CrS-1 crystallized in orthorhombic structure and Pnma space group. The phase observed in the XRD patterns of CrS-1 synthesized from 150 to 190 oC for 11 days showed only MFI-type phase. The CrS-1 prepared under static condition for 1 day at 150 oC indicated -SiO2 phase, on the contrary, the samples conditioned for 2 to 8 days at 150 oC are only MFI phase.   Keywords: Crystallization, synthesis, chromium silicate CrS-1, incorporation.