Results of state programmes for limiting greenhouse gas emissions in the Arctic
Authors:   Karelian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernov Sergey N. , Chernova Tatiana I. ,   Karelian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2024

Among climate programmes, the most important area is limiting greenhouse gas emissions in the Arctic zone. The solution of this task will have a significant impact on climate change in the world, on the preservation of the speed of sea currents. The Russian Federation participates in the world's most important climate agreements, which determine the Strategic Climate Direction. These include the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol to the Framework Convention and the Paris Agreement. On 29 July 2021, the European Climate Act came into force, https://ru.euronews.com/2021/06/24/eu-parliament-cli is the basis for European climate legislation. Thus, the process of adopting international and national norms has begun, which should make significant changes in environmental, economic, and social legislation. The climate law is mandatory for all EU states and will cost the community 1 trillion euros. It will lead to changes not only in European legislation, but will significantly affect the strategy and tactics of Russia's development until 2050. Since autumn 2022, Russia has had a carbon unit registry, operated by Kontur. A carbon unit is a verified result of a climate project, expressed as a mass of greenhouse gases equivalent to one tonne of carbon dioxide. The Russian National Commodity Exchange opened trading in carbon units at auctions. The prospects for trading will depend on the world's shortage of resources. Economists and financiers are actively working on this problem. Bank "green" and social loans in the banking sector of the Russian Federation reached 1.2 trillion rubles. After the outbreak of hostilities in Ukraine, interest in ESG - instruments fell. Despite the difficult international and economic problems, no country in the world has yet abandoned its climate policy goals by the end of 2022. However, these goals have now moved to the background. Russia's climate policy is based on a just energy transition, and technological neutrality. The state supports greenhouse gas sequestration projects and the creation of emerging carbon markets. The foundations of climate legislation are being created in Russia. The Sakhalin experiment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is of great scientific and organisational importance. The State Corporation for Development of Russia and scientists from the Academy of Sciences have created a new area of research - taxonomy. It is based on the principles and practice of scientific systematisation of green projects. This is very important for determining the place and position of Russia in the international environmental. This position was officially confirmed at the summit in Glasgow in November 2021. In Russia, one of the main directions in this plan is the creation of a system of accounting for greenhouse gas emissions. For the Arctic zone, this is a major material and organisational expense - continuous and long-term highfrequency measurements are required.