bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Patterns of Temporal and Spatial Variation in Water Quality of a Highly Artificialized Urban River-Course—a Case Study in the Tongzhou Section of the Beiyun River
Authors: Ren Juanhui , Liang Ji , Ren Bo , Zheng Xiuqing , Guo Chaofan
Published: October 2018

This paper aims to gain a better understanding of urban river pollution through evaluation of water quality. Data for 10 parameters at eight sites of the Tongzhou Section of the Beiyun River (TSBR) are analyzed. Hierarchical cluster analysis, fuzzy comprehensive assessment, discriminant analysis and Spearman’s correlation analysis were used to estimate the water situation of each cluster and analyze its spatial-temporal variations. Principal component analysis/factor analysis were applied to extract and recognize the sources responsible for water-quality variations. The results showed that temporal variation is greater than spatial and sewage discharge is the dominant factor of the seasonal distribution. Moreover, during the rapid-flow period, water quality is polluted by a combination of organic matter, phosphorus, bio-chemical pollutants and nitrogen; during the gentle-flow period, water quality is influenced by domestic and industrial waste, the activities of algae, aquatic plants and phosphorus pollution. In regard to future improvement of water quality in TSBR, the control of reclaimed wastewater from adjacent factories should first be put in place, as well as other techniques, for example, an increase of the impervious area, low-impact development, and integrated management practices should also be proposed in managing storm water runoff.
Environmental Factors and the Microbial Quality of Urban Drinking Water in a Low-Income Country: The Case of Madagascar
Authors: Bastaraud Alexandra , Rakotondramanga Jean Marius , Mahazosaotra Jackson , Ravaonindrina Noror , Jambou Ronan
Published: October 2018

Access to piped water is often limited to urban areas in low-income countries, and the microbiological quality of drinking water varies due to technical and environmental constraints. To analyse the parameters that modulate the contamination of these systems, this study examines 16 years of microbial quality data for water supplied in 32 urban areas of Madagascar. A discriminant statistical approach and agglomerative hierarchical clusters were applied to environmental and climatic data. The microbial contamination varied between sites from 3.3 to 17.5%, and 78% of the supply systems showed large variations between years or months. Agglomerative hierarchical clusters (AHCs) revealed four supply system profiles that share a similar bacteriological evolution. Heavy rainfall and dry periods sustained increasing contamination, as reflected in levels of spores of sulphite-reducing clostridia (SSRC) and/or total coliforms (TC). SSRC were dominant in three profiles, with faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) dominant in the other. Principal component analysis demonstrated the main drivers of contamination: type of water source, implemented treatment, location of the site, population growth, lack of protection, agriculture, urbanization/sanitation, and flooding threats. Contamination increased over the 16-year period, reaching alarming levels. The protection of water sources should be a concern for public authorities.
NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF A BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM INCLUDING BOTH DELAY AND BOUNDARY LAYER
Authors: Cimen Erkan
Published: October 2018

Difference method on a piecewise uniform mesh of Shishkin type, for a singularly perturbed boundary-value problem for a nonlinear second order delay differential equation is analyzed. Also, the method is proved that it gives essentially first order parameter-uniform convergence in the discrete maximum norm. Furthermore, numerical results are presented in support of the theory.
ON MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF SYNTHETIC MEASURES
Authors: Borkowski Boleslaw , Binderman Zbigniew , Kozera Ryszard , Prokopenya Alexander , Szczesny Wieslaw
Published: October 2018

This work deals with some properties of synthetic measures designed to differentiate objects in a multidimensional analysis. The aggregate synthetic measures are discussed here to rank the objects including those validating the concentration spread. The paper shows that currently used various measures (based either on a single or a multiple model object) do not satisfy the necessary conditions requested to be met by a "good" synthetic measure.
The Discovery of a Gravitationally Lensed Supernova Ia at Redshift 2.22
Authors: Rubin D. , Hayden B. , Huang X. , Aldering G. , Amanullah R. , Barbary K. , Boone K. , Brodwin M. , Deustua S. E. , Dixon S. , Eisenhardt P. , Fruchter A. S. , Gonzalez A. H. , Goobar A. , Gupta R. R. , Hook I. , Jee M. J. , Kim A. G. , Kowalski M. , Lidman C. E. , Linder E. , Luther K. , Nordin J. , Pain R. , Perlmutter S. , Raha Z. , Rigault M. , Ruiz-Lapuente P. , Saunders C. M. , Sofiatti C. , Spadafora A. L. , Stanford S. A. , Stern D. , Suzuki N. , Williams S. C. ,   (The Supernova Cosmology Project)
Published: October 2018

We present the discovery and measurements of a gravitationally lensed supernova (SN) behind the galaxy cluster MOO J1014+0038. Based on multi-band Hubble Space Telescope and Very Large Telescope (VLT) photometry of the supernova, and VLT spectroscopy of the host galaxy, we find a 97.5% probability that this SN is a SN Ia, and a 2.5% chance of a CC SN. Our typing algorithm combines the shape and color of the light curve with the expected rates of each SN type in the host galaxy. With a redshift of 2.2216, this is the highest redshift SN Ia discovered with a spectroscopic host-galaxy redshift. A further distinguishing feature is that the lensing cluster, at redshift 1.23, is the most distant to date to have an amplified SN. The SN lies in the middle of the color and light-curve shape distributions found at lower redshift, disfavoring strong evolution to z = 2.22. We estimate an amplification due to gravitational lensing of

(1.10 ± 0.23 mag)—compatible with the value estimated from the weak-lensing-derived mass and the mass–concentration relation from ΛCDM simulations—making it the most amplified SN Ia discovered behind a galaxy cluster.
Determining the Alpha to Proton Density Ratio for the New Horizons Solar Wind Observations
Authors: Elliott H. A. , Valek P. , McComas D. J. , Delamere P. A. , Bagenal F. , Gladstone G. R. , Olkin C. B. , Spencer J. , Stern S. A. , Young L. A. , Weaver H. A. , Ennico K. ,   New Horizons Plasma and Particle Team
Published: October 2018

To help identify interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) in New Horizons (NH) Solar Wind Around Pluto observations, we developed a method for determining the alpha to proton density ratio (n

α
/n

p
). Many common ICME signatures are derived from plasma and field parameters with values inside transient ICMEs distinct from values in the background solar wind. As the solar wind propagates, the plasma parameters evolve with increasing heliocentric distance, and ICMEs interact with the background solar wind. Some ICME signatures are based on composition such as the alpha (He++) to proton (H+) number density ratio, which is frequently enhanced in ICMEs. Intervals with enhanced n

α
/n

p
ratios persist into the outer heliosphere even though individual solar wind parameters evolve as solar wind propagates farther from the Sun. Overall, the solar wind expands as it propagates, but parcels of differing speeds dynamically interact, forming compressions and rarefactions, and altering the solar wind parameters. Both n

α
and n

p
change in lock step during such dynamic interactions, keeping the n

α
/n

p
ratio fixed. Our n

α
/n

p
results are consistent with prior missions, and we find that enhanced levels of n

α
/n

p
often occur within intervals of low proton temperature, which is the only other reliable ICME signature that NH can measure. Eventually, enhanced n

α
/n

p
values will likely become the most reliable ICME indicator for NH if the ICME temperatures become indistinguishable from background levels. NH is heading toward the Energetic Neutral Atom ribbon, and should have enough power to reach the termination shock.
Eclipsing Binaries in the Open Cluster Ruprecht 147. I. EPIC 219394517
Authors: Torres Guillermo , Curtis Jason L. , Vanderburg Andrew , Kraus Adam L. , Rizzuto Aaron
Published: October 2018

Eclipsing binaries in star clusters offer more stringent tests of stellar evolution theory than field binaries because models must not only match the binary properties, but also the radiative properties of all other cluster members at a single chemical composition and a single age. Here we report new spectroscopic observations of the G-type, detached eclipsing binary EPIC 219394517 in the open cluster Ruprecht 147 ([Fe/H] = +0.10), which was observed in late 2015 by the K2 mission. A joint analysis of our radial-velocity measurements and the K2 light curve shows the 6.5 day orbit to be nearly circular. We derive highly precise masses of

and

, radii of 1.055 ± 0.011 

and 1.042 ± 0.012 

, and effective temperatures of 5930 ± 100 K and 5880 ± 100 K for the primary and secondary, respectively. The distance we infer,

pc, corresponds to a parallax in good agreement with the Gaia/DR2 value for the star. Current stellar evolution models from the MIST and PARSEC series match the above physical properties well at ages of 2.48 and 2.65 Gyr. Isochrones for these same ages and the measured composition, along with our reddening estimate for EPIC 219394517, also show generally good agreement with the optical and near-infrared color–magnitude diagrams of the cluster, which can be constructed with no free parameters as the distances of all member stars are known from Gaia.
Planck 2015 Constraints on the Nonflat ϕCDM Inflation Model
Authors: Ooba Junpei , Ratra Bharat , Sugiyama Naoshi
Published: October 2018

We perform Markov chain Monte Carlo analyses to put constraints on the nonflat ϕCDM inflation model using Planck 2015 cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy data and baryon acoustic oscillation distance measurements. The ϕCDM model is a consistent dynamical dark energy model in which the currently accelerating cosmological expansion is powered by a scalar field ϕ slowly rolling down an inverse power-law potential energy density. We also use a physically consistent power spectrum for energy density inhomogeneities in this nonflat model. We find that, like the closed-ΛCDM and closed-XCDM models, the closed-ϕCDM model provides a better fit to the lower multipole region of the CMB temperature anisotropy data compared to that provided by the tilted flat-ΛCDM model. Also, like the other closed models, this model reduces the tension between the Planck and the weak lensing σ
8 constraints. However, the higher multipole region of the CMB temperature anisotropy data are better fit by the tilted flat-Λ model than by the closed models.
X-Ray Observation of the 2017 November Glitch in the Crab Pulsar
Authors: Zhang Xinyuan , Shuai Ping , Huang Liangwei , Chen Shaolong , Du Yuanjie
Published: October 2018

We have observed a glitch in the Crab pulsar (PSR B0531+21) in the 0.5–10 keV X-ray band with the X-Ray Pulsar Navigation-I (XPNAV-1) satellite. This glitch occurred around 2017 November 8. Observations at radio frequency by the Jodrell Bank observatory and the Lovell telescope have confirmed it to be the largest ever observed. We report the results of X-ray observation of this glitch. The measured rotation frequency increase of the Crab is Δν
0 = (14.3 ± 2.0) × 10−6 Hz, corresponding to a fractional increase of Δν
0/ν
0 = (0.48 ± 0.09) × 10−6. Two transient components in the rotation frequency change are detected: one is the short transient term of Δν
n1 = 6.6 × 10−6 Hz with a timescale of 38.6 days and the other is the very short one of Δν
n2 = −1.35 × 10−6 Hz with a timescale of 2.4 days. The step change in the rotation frequency derivative is determined to be

Hz s−1. We also examine the relationship between the persistent offset

and Δν
0, giving

. No significant X-ray flux changes are observed pre- and post-glitch.
Variable Heating and Flaring of Three Redback Millisecond Pulsar Companions
Authors: Cho Patricia B. , Halpern Jules P. , Bogdanov Slavko
Published: October 2018

We monitor established and putative redback millisecond pulsars (MSPs) in time-series photometry, repeatedly covering their 5–6 hr orbital light curves in r′ or R. On timescales of months, PSR J1048+2339 and XMMU J083850.38−282756.8 exhibit similar variability of ≈0.3 mag on the heated side of the companion star. However, the heating light curve is rarely symmetric, suggesting that the intrabinary shock generated by the pulsar wind is skewed in addition to being variable, or that changing magnetic fields intrinsic to the companion channel the pulsar wind. In addition to this variable heating, there are long-lived flaring states that increase the brightness by an additional 0.5 mag, with variability on ≈10 min timescales. These flares also appear to originate on the heated side of the companion, while the “night”-side brightness remains relatively stable. Somewhat less active, PSR J1628−3205 has an optical light curve that is dominated by tidal distortion (ellipsoidal modulation), although it too shows evidence of variable and asymmetric heating due to shifting magnetic fields or migrating star spots. These effects frustrate any effort to derive system parameters such as inclination angle and Roche-lobe filling factor from optical light curves of redback MSPs. We also report on two Chandra X-ray observations of PSR J1048+2339 that show strong orbital modulation, possibly due to beaming along the intrabinary shock, and a third observation that is dominated by flaring. The peak flare luminosity in the 0.3–8 keV band is ≈12% of the pulsar’s spin-down power, which may require magnetic reconnection. None of these three systems has yet shown a transition back to an accreting state.
Solar Wind Turbulence Studies Using MMS Fast Plasma Investigation Data
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Riddhi , Chasapis A. , Chhiber R. , Parashar T. N. , Maruca B. A. , Matthaeus W. H. , Schwartz S. J. , Eriksson S. , Le Contel O. , Breuillard H. , Burch J. L. , Moore T. E. , Pollock C. J. , Giles B. L. , Paterson W. R. , Dorelli J. , Gershman D. J. , Torbert R. B. , Russell C. T. , Strangeway R. J.
Published: October 2018

Studies of solar wind turbulence traditionally employ high-resolution magnetic field data, but high-resolution measurements of ion and electron moments have been possible only recently. We report the first turbulence studies of ion and electron velocity moments accumulated in pristine solar wind by the Fast Plasma Investigation (FPI) instrument on board the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission. Use of these data is made possible by a novel implementation of a frequency domain Hampel filter, described herein. After presenting procedures for processing of the data, we discuss statistical properties of solar wind turbulence extending into the kinetic range. Magnetic field fluctuations dominate electron and ion-velocity fluctuation spectra throughout the energy-containing and inertial ranges. However, a multispacecraft analysis indicates that at scales shorter than the ion inertial length, electron velocity fluctuations become larger than ion-velocity and magnetic field fluctuations. The kurtosis of ion-velocity peaks around a few ion inertial lengths and returns to a near Gaussian value at sub-ion scales.
Molecular Gas and Star Formation Properties in Early Stage Mergers: SMA CO(2-1) Observations of the LIRGs NGC 3110 and NGC 232
Authors: Espada Daniel , Martin Sergio , Verley Simon , Pettitt Alex R. , Matsushita Satoki , Argudo-Fernández Maria , Randriamanakoto Zara , Hsieh Pei-Ying , Saito Toshiki , Miura Rie E. , Kawana Yuka , Sabater Jose , Verdes-Montenegro Lourdes , Ho Paul T. P. , Kawabe Ryohei , Iono Daisuke
Published: October 2018

Mergers of galaxies are an important mode for galaxy evolution because they serve as an efficient trigger of powerful starbursts. However, observational studies of molecular gas properties during their early stages are scarce. We present interferometric CO(2–1) maps of two luminous infrared galaxies, NGC 3110 and NGC 232, obtained with the Submillimeter Array with ∼1 kpc resolution. While NGC 3110 is a spiral galaxy interacting with a minor (14:1 stellar mass) companion, NGC 232 is interacting with a similarly sized object. We find that such interactions in these galaxies have likely induced enhancements in the molecular gas content and central concentrations, partly at the expense of atomic gas. The obtained molecular gas surface densities in their circumnuclear regions are Σmol ≳ 102.5
M
⊙ pc−2, higher than in noninteracting objects by an order of magnitude. Gas depletion times of  0.5–1 Gyr are found for the different regions, lying in between noninteracting disk galaxies and the starburst sequence. In the case of NGC 3110, the spiral arms show on average 0.5 dex shorter depletion times than in the circumnuclear regions if we assume a similar H2–CO conversion factor. We show that even in the early stages of the interaction with a minor companion, a starburst is formed along the circumnuclear region and spiral arms, where a large population of SSCs is found (∼350), and at the same time a large central gas concentration is building up that might be the fuel for an active galactic nucleus. The main morphological properties of the NGC 3110 system are reproduced by our numerical simulations and allow us to estimate that the current epoch of the interaction is at ∼150 Myr after closest approach.
A Morphological Study of the Supernova Remnant Rx J0852.0–4622 (Vela Jr.)
Authors: Maxted Nigel I. , Filipović M. D. , Sano H. , Allen G. E. , Pannuti T. G. , Rowell G. P. , Grech A. , Roper Q. , Wong G. F. , Galvin T. J. , Fukui Y. , Collier J. D. , Crawford E. J. , Grieve K. , Horta A. D. , Manojlović P. , O’Brien A.
Published: October 2018

We conduct a multiwavelength morphological study of the Galactic supernova remnant (SNR) RX J0852.0–4622 (also known as Vela Jr., Vela Z, and G266.2−1.2). RX J0852.0–4622 is coincident with the edge of the larger Vela SNR causing confusion in the attribution of some filamentary structures to either RX J0852.0–4622 or its larger sibling. We find that the RX J0852.0–4622 radio-continuum emission can be characterized by a two-dimensional shell with a radius of 0.°90 ± 0.°01 (or 11.8 ± 0.6 pc at an assumed distance of 750 pc) centered at (l, b) = (133.°08 ± 0.°01,−46.°34 ± 0.°01) (or R.A. = 8h52m19.ˢ2, decl. = −46°20′24.″0, J2000), consistent with X-ray and gamma-ray emission. Although [O iii] emission features are generally associated with the Vela SNR, one particular [O iii] emission feature, which we denote as “the Vela Claw,” morphologically matches a molecular clump that is thought to have been stripped by the stellar progenitor of the RX J0852.0–4622 SNR. We argue that the Vela Claw feature is possibly associated with RX J0852.0–4622. Toward the northwestern edge of RX J0852.0–4622 , we find a flattening of the radio spectral index toward another molecular clump also thought to be associated with RX J0852.0–4622 . It is currently unclear whether this feature and the Vela Claw result from interactions between the RX J0852.0–4622 shock and interstellar medium gas.
The Lick AGN Monitoring Project 2011: Dynamical Modeling of the Broad-line Region
Authors: Williams Peter R. , Pancoast Anna , Treu Tommaso , Brewer Brendon J. , Barth Aaron J. , Bennert Vardha N. , Buehler Tabitha , Canalizo Gabriela , Cenko S. Bradley , Clubb Kelsey I. , Cooper Michael C. , Filippenko Alexei V. , Gates Elinor , Hoenig Sebastian F. , Joner Michael D. , Kandrashoff Michael T. , Laney Clifton David , Lazarova Mariana S. , Li Weidong , Malkan Matthew A. , Rex Jacob , Silverman Jeffrey M. , Tollerud Erik , Walsh Jonelle L. , Woo Jong-Hak
Published: October 2018

We present models of the Hβ-emitting broad-line region (BLR) in seven Seyfert 1 galaxies from the Lick AGN Monitoring Project 2011 sample, drawing inferences on the BLR structure and dynamics as well as the mass of the central supermassive black hole. We find that the BLR is generally a thick disk, viewed close to face-on, with preferential emission back toward the ionizing source. The dynamics in our sample range from near-circular elliptical orbits to inflowing or outflowing trajectories. We measure black hole masses of

for PG 1310−108,

for Mrk 50,

for Mrk 141,

for Mrk 279,

for Mrk 1511,

for NGC 4593, and

for Zw 229−015. We use these black hole mass measurements along with cross-correlation time lags and line widths to recover the scale factor f used in traditional reverberation mapping measurements. Combining our results with other studies that use this modeling technique, which brings our sample size to 16, we calculate a scale factor that can be used for measuring black hole masses in other reverberation mapping campaigns. When using the root-mean-square (rms) spectrum and using the line dispersion to measure the line width, we find

pred = 0.57 ± 0.19. Finally, we search for correlations between f and other AGN and BLR parameters and find marginal evidence that f is correlated with M
BH and the BLR inclination angle, but no significant evidence of a correlation with the AGN luminosity or Eddington ratio.
The 7-year MAXI/GSC X-Ray Source Catalog in the High Galactic Latitude Sky (3MAXI)
Authors: Kawamuro T. , Ueda Y. , Shidatsu M. , Hori T. , Morii M. , Nakahira S. , Isobe N. , Kawai N. , Mihara T. , Matsuoka M. , Morita T. , Nakajima M. , Negoro H. , Oda S. , Sakamoto T. , Serino M. , Sugizaki M. , Tanimoto A. , Tomida H. , Tsuboi Y. , Tsunemi H. , Ueno S. , Yamaoka K. , Yamada S. , Yoshida A. , Iwakiri W. , Kawakubo Y. , Sugawara Y. , Sugita S. , Tachibana Y. , Yoshii T.
Published: October 2018

We present the third MAXI/GSC catalog in the high Galactic latitude sky (

) based on the 7-year data from 2009 August 13 to 2016 July 31, complementary to that in the low Galactic latitude sky (

) (Hori et al. 2018). We compile 682 sources detected at significances of s
D,4–10 keV ≥ 6.5 in the 4–10 keV band. A two-dimensional image fit based on the Poisson likelihood algorithm (C-statistics) is adopted for the detections and constraints on their fluxes and positions. The 4–10 keV sensitivity reaches ≈0.48 mCrab, or ≈5.9 × 10−12 erg cm−2 s−1, over half of the survey area. Compared with the 37-month Hiroi et al. (2013) catalog, which adopted a threshold of s
D,4–10 keV ≥ 7, the source number increases by a factor of ∼1.4. The fluxes in the 3–4 keV and 10–20 keV bands are further estimated, and hardness ratios (HRs) are calculated using the 3–4 keV, 4–10 keV, 3–10 keV, and 10–20 keV band fluxes. We also make the 4–10 keV light curves in 1-year bins for all the sources and characterize their variabilities with an index based on a likelihood function and the excess variance. Possible counterparts are found from five major X-ray survey catalogs by Swift, Uhuru, RXTE, XMM-Newton, and ROSAT, as well as an X-ray galaxy cluster catalog (MCXC). Our catalog provides the fluxes, positions, detection significances, HRs, 1-year bin light curves, variability indices, and counterpart candidates.
3C 17: The BCG of a Galaxy Cluster at z = 0.22
Authors: Madrid Juan P. , Donzelli Carlos J. , Rodríguez-Ardila Alberto , Paggi Alessandro , Massaro Francesco , Schirmer Mischa
Published: October 2018

Gemini Multi Object Spectrograph medium-resolution spectra and photometric data of 39 objects in the field of the radio galaxy 3C 17 are presented. Based on the new data, a previously uncataloged cluster of galaxies is identified at a mean redshift of z = 0.220 ± 0.003, a projected virial radius of 0.37 Mpc, and a velocity dispersion of σ

v
 = 821 ± 171 km s−1. The brightest member of this cluster is 3C 17, with M

r
 = −22.45 mag. The surface brightness profile of 3C 17 is best fit with two components (Exponential + Sérsic) characteristic of brightest cluster galaxies. The spectrum of 3C 17 is dominated by broad emission lines Hα + N[ ii] and Hβ + [O iii]. Analysis of Chandra data shows extended emission around the cluster core that supports the existence of hot gas cospatial with 3C 17. The discovery of a cluster of galaxies around 3C 17 better explains the sharply bent morphology of the radio jet given that it propagates through a dense intracluster medium.
Regulation of the temperature in the ampoule channel with natural circulation of coolant
Authors: Osipova Tatiana , Starkov Vladimir , Uzikov Vitaly
Published: October 2018

It has been shown by calculations that it is possible to extend considerably the capabilities for control of temperature conditions in an ampoule channel with natural coolant circulation, using the proposed hydraulic circuit layout, on samples during irradiation in the SM-3 reactor reflector cell by changing the circulation circuit geometry through the arrangement of a bypass heat removal line formed in the upper part above the flow limiter as compared to control only by changing the thermal conductivity of the gas gap in the channel body (through changing the gas pressure or composition). The ampoule channel test conditions, layout and simulation model for thermal-hydraulic analysis using the RELAP5/MOD3.2 code are presented. An investigation was conducted to study the effects of the bypass cooling circuit on the temperature conditions during irradiation of samples in an ampoule channel. The bypass flow rate change is achieved by varying the passage area of the flow limiter orifice. Options have been considered for filling the channel body gas gap with helium and a helium mixture. The calculation showed that the heat removed by the bypass line could reach 40% of the total heat released in the channel. With helium used in the channel body gap, the temperature conditions during irradiation are adjusted in a broader range (200–330 °С) than with a gas mixture of a lower thermal conductivity (279–330 °С), the major temperature variation taking place with the flow limiter orifice area being less than 0.2–0.3 cm2. Any further increase in the flow limiter orifice area does not lead to a major temperature change in the coolant flowing about the samples.
An online method database for mapping and assessing ecosystem services
Authors: Reichel Steffen , Klug Hermann
Published: October 2018

Since the foundation of the ecosystem services concept in the ninetieth of the last century (Costanza et al. 1998, Costanza et al. 1997, de Groot 1992), many methods to map and assess ecosystem services have been developed and applied to policy and business questions worldwide. While many flexible methods exist at different spatial scales and ecosystem types, Jax et al. (2018) express the difficulty in choosing and applying the correct method to the right topic of interest. To enable a selection of appropriate methods, Harrison et al. (2018) developed a decision tree approach. However, Dunford et al. (2018) argue that often not a single method but a combination of methods are required for appropriate decision-making in real world situations. Thus, applying the concept of ecosystem services in practice is challenging, especially at institutional level (Saarikoski et al. 2018). This hampers comparability, applicability and transferability of ecosystem services assessments and related mapping applications across scales and European regions. It also impedes a solid overview of existing methods suitable for use at different scales in different biomes and types of ecosystems. These challenges require a consistent knowledge capitalisation infrastructure, where information is synthesised in a publicly accessible portal to enable a consistent description of different ecosystem conditions and the services they provide.

Going beyond the previously mentioned challenges requires a flexible methodology for assessing and mapping ecosystem services. The Horizon 2020 project ESMERALDA (Enhancing ecoSysteM sERvices mApping for poLicy and Decision mAking) developed this methodology and implemented it into the "MAES explorer"*5 and the "MAES Methods Explorer*1 (MME)". The MME complements previous developments from the EU projects OpenNESS*2 and OPERAs*3. In contrast to the OPPLA*4 case-study-finder with case study areas and accompanied study area booklets and descriptions, MME focuses on methods for mapping and assessing ecosystem services and links those to selected literature and case studies. Additionally, MME provides a comprehensive and publicly searchable collection of peer-reviewed journal references and grey literature about mapping and assessing ecosystem services in Europe. This compilation is cross-related with the case study booklets produced by the ESMERALDA project and particularly methods, which are specifically used to assess and map particular ecosystem services within the case study area. Thus, searching for and filtering of particular case study areas, (related) literature references and/or methods is possible. Santos-Martin et al. (2018) provide the detailed description about the scientific procedure behind the MME tool described here.
Review of the bamboo-feeding leafhopper genus Neomohunia, with descriptions of two new species from China (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae, Mukariini)
Authors: Luo Qiang , Yang Lin , Chen Xiang-Sheng
Published: October 2018

The bamboo-feeding leafhopper genus Neomohunia Chen & Li, 2007, is reviewed to include three species: N.longispinasp. n., N.pyramida (Li & Chen, 1999), and N.sinuatipenissp. n. The generic characteristics are redefined and the new species are described and illustrated. A key to species based on male genitalia is also provided.
A morphological re-evaluation of Pachyseius humeralis Berlese, 1910 (Acari, Mesostigmata, Pachylaelapidae)
Authors: Mašán Peter
Published: October 2018

Based on features of the lectotype and newly collected specimens from Italy (Boboli Gardens, Florence), a morphological concept ofPachyseiushumeralisBerlese, 1910 is revised and re-evaluated. New diagnostic character states important for recognition of the species are provided. A misidentified species, formerly widely published in Europe under the nameP.humeralis, is established as a new species,Pachyseiussubhumeralissp. n.
Hip and Groin Injuries Among Collegiate Male Soccer Players: The 10-Year Epidemiology, Incidence, and Prevention
Authors: Tummala Sailesh V. , Chhabra Anikar , Makovicka Justin L. , Patel Karan A. , Hartigan David E.
Published: October 2018

The physical and demanding style of play in soccer places these athletes at an elevated risk for hip and groin injuries. Several studies have examined hip and groin injuries in professional and youth soccer in European countries, but few have involved American counterparts. Hip injury data were analyzed retrospectively from the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program for the 2004 to 2014 academic years for collegiate men's soccer. This study found that hip and groin injuries among collegiate male soccer players were most often new injuries (87.8%; n=527) that were noncontact in nature (77.3%; n=464) and resulted in time loss of less than 7 days (67.5%; n=405). Hip injuries were significantly more likely during the pre-season (5.72 per 1000 athlete exposures) relative to in-season (injury proportion ratio, 1.64; 95% confidence interval, 1.39–1.94) and post-season (injury proportion ratio, 1.69; 95% confidence interval, 1.18–2.41). Further, they were more likely in competition relative to practice (injury proportion ratio, 2.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.98–2.74). The most common injuries were adductor strains (46.5%; n=279) followed by hip flexor strains (27.3%; n=164) and hip contusions (10.8%; n=65). Among these injuries, adductor (73.1%; n=204) and hip flexor (59.8%; n=98) strains were more commonly noncontact related and occurred in practice, whereas hip contusions were due to contact and during competition. The study of the complex and lingering nature of hip and groin injuries in soccer players is critical because these injuries not only are prevalent but also have multifactorial risks associated with coexisting pathologies that make them difficult to prevent and treat effectively. [
Orthopedics
. 2018; 41(6):e831–e836.]
Outcomes of Prophylactic Negative Pressure Wound Therapy in Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Curley Andrew J. , Terhune Elizabeth B. , Velott Anthony T. , Argintar Evan H.
Published: October 2018

Negative pressure wound therapy is becoming more commonly used to prevent wound complications in joint arthroplasty, although few studies have assessed its outcomes compared with those of a traditional dry sterile dressing. This retrospective study assessed complications that required return to the operating room in a cohort of patients who received a dry sterile dressing (n=159) vs negative pressure wound therapy (n=32). There were significantly more overall complications (
P
=.0293) in the dry sterile dressing group (23.3%) compared with the negative pressure wound therapy group (6.3%); however, these findings were not statistically significant when each individual complication was compared separately. The infection rate in the dry sterile dressing group and the negative pressure wound therapy group was 5.7% and 0%, respectively (
P
=.3607). A larger, prospective study is needed to confirm the lower infection rate and before any definitive conclusions can be reached. [
Orthopedics
. 2018; 41(6):e837–e840.]
Optimization of Process Parameters for Electro-Chemical Machining of EN19
Authors: Zindani Divya , Faisal Nadeem , Kumar Kaushik
Published: October 2018

Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a non-conventional machining process that is used for machining of hard-to-machine materials. The ECM process is widely used for the machining of metal matrix composites. However, it is very essential to select optimum values of input process parameters to maximize the machining performance. However, the optimization of the output process parameters and hence the machining performance is a difficult task. In this chapter an attempt has been made to carry out single and multiple optimization of the material removal rate (MRR) and the surface roughness (SR) for the ECM process of EN19 using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique. The input parameter considered for the optimization are electrolyte concentration (%), voltage (V), feed rate (mm/min), and inter-electrode gap (mm). The optimum value of MRR and SR as found using the PSO algorithm are 0.1847 cm3/min and 25.0612, respectively.
Application of Cluster Analysis for Identifying Potential Automotive Organizations Towards the Conduct of Green Manufacturing Sustainability Studies
Authors: Kandasamy Jayakrishna , Sakthivel Aravind Raj , K. E. K. Vimal , Reddy V. Sharath Kumar , K. S. Babulal
Published: October 2018

Increasing legislative concerns and rapidly transforming technologies pressurizes the global competitive landscape to deploy smart, safe, and sustainable green manufacturing. This chapter scrutinizes organizational sustainability of the automobile components manufacturing organizations located in the state of Tamil Nadu, India using hierarchy cluster analysis towards setting up a benchmark on sustainability of organizations. Along with the triple bottom line (TBL) of sustainable development, the organizational responsibility and government legislation in achieving sustainability were selected as the five major governing variables during the conduct of this case study. As a result, 25 automotive components manufacturing organizations chosen from for this study were classified into three clusters, confirming a particular organization as the most suitable one for the conduct of green manufacturing sustainability studies. According to the distinctiveness of the assorted clusters, suggestions were also proposed for improving the organizational sustainability further.
The Effects of the “Publish or Perish Syndrome” on Research and Innovation in Nigerian Universities
Authors: Endong Floribert Patrick C.
Published: October 2018

The pressure to publish rapidly and constantly is a phenomenon engulfing academia in all countries of the globe. It has, over the years, affected research and innovation in a mostly negative way. In Nigerian universities in particular, this culture has mainly been a syndrome, manifested by (1) the urge among faculty members to publish more for promotions and positions than for genuine research production, (2) publishing for purely capitalistic motivations, (3) the use of unorthodox methodologies to boost citation index, and (4) fictive authorship of research works among others. All these objectionable practices have been responsible for various forms of decay in research and teaching in the Nigerian university system. They have, for instance, made plagiarism, data mining, predatory journals, duplicate publications, among other challenges, pervade research in Nigerian universities, causing innovation to remain more an ideal than a reality in these tertiary institutions. Using empirical understandings and critical observations, this chapter illustrates all these issues.
Personhood, Cultural Ethics, and Biomedical Research
Authors: Iyioke Ike Valentine
Published: October 2018

This chapter rides on the premise that the concept of personhood, as embedded in research ethics principles, needs re-examining. As the base upon which the principles were developed and falsely universalized, it needs pointing out that personhood in the Euro-American sense differs markedly from what it is in non-Western cultures. A careful delineation of this understanding should be a teaching moment for researchers, clinicians, bioethicists, students and academics as they confront multicultural perspectives in health research. Hence, it helps to properly inform and effectively erase presumptive tendencies, so people can avoid any voluntary or involuntary unethical behavior, which may arise from ignorance particularly in multicultural settings.
Tailoring Humans
Authors: Huidu Alexandra
Published: October 2018

What began as an attempt to eradicate serious illnesses seems to have become, in some cases, under the impetus of human imagination and technological evolution, an exercise by which scientists come to compete with the attributes of divinity: augmenting human beings at a basic level that affects the identity of the species. Genetic engineering for medical purposes has created the premises for the existence of technologies that can be used for other agendas, without medical purpose, in order to bioenhance the characteristics of the human individual. The genetic inheritance we leave to future generations is now under our control, because we are able to manipulate our germinal line. Hybrid embryos and chimeric embryos, although still in the experimental stage, can become a reality in relatively short time. But just because we can, do we have the right to do it? Do we need all of this and, if so, to what extent? What are the limits and who or what sets the standards? These are the questions that this chapter addresses from an ethical perspective.
Female Entrepreneurship in Portugal
Authors: Ribeiro Maria Clara , Santos Liliana , Martins Diana
Published: October 2018

Entrepreneurship is an increasingly studied international phenomenon, often being understood as a way of creating jobs and boosting economic growth, development, and innovation. This chapter aims to take on the problem related to gender and entrepreneurship in the Portuguese society. The goal is to explain the concept of entrepreneur, behavioral, and social differences between the masculine and the feminine gender as entrepreneurs and identify Portuguese female entrepreneurs. A qualitative, multiple case studies methodology is applied to the sample of eight Portuguese female entrepreneurs, the data collection instrument being the semi-structured interview. Regarding the obtained results, it can be stated that the majority of the interviewees has entrepreneurs in the family, the father being the most mentioned figure as booster of entrepreneur activity. The wish for personal realization and independence are the main factors that motivated self-employment. No entrepreneur felt any discrimination or gender inequality as a female entrepreneur.
Offshore Structures
Authors: Okyere Mavis Sika
Published: October 2018

Fire will always be a major threat to the offshore structure as oil and gas always passes through the installation. The design against accidental fire situation should be included in the structural design of offshore structures in collaboration with safety engineers. The design of offshore structures for fire safety involves considering fire as a load condition, assessment of fire resistance, use of fire protection materials, and so on. This chapter presents a methodology that will enable an engineer to design an offshore structure to resist fire. It aims to highlight the major requirements of design and to establish a common approach in carrying out the design.
Wind Loads on Structures, and Energy Dissipation Systems Optimization
Authors: Gherbi Aboubaker , Belgasmia Mourad
Published: October 2018

Wind has a great impact on civil structures. It is considered a dynamic and random phenomena and it plays an important role in the design of tall structures. Existing buildings with certain height must resist wind effect. Many researchers have developed theories and schemes that consider more thoroughly wind components and the influence of its turbulence on buildings. It is known that any structure inherently dissipates and absorbs energy due to external loads thanks to its inherent damping. In order to improve this capacity and limit structural damage, fluid viscous dampers are commonly used for structural protection; they have confirmed their efficiency and reliability. Many researchers have investigated their effect by inserting them in the structure; some of the optimization methods for the design of these dampers previously used will be discussed. Finally, an effective method for optimal design of additional dampers will be illustrated by an example and discussion.
Evaluating the Role of Research and Development and Technology Investments on Economic Development of E7 Countries
Authors: Dinçer Hasan , Yüksel Serhat , Adalı Zafer , Aydın Rıdvan
Published: October 2018

This chapter aims to evaluate the effects of research and development on economic growth, export, and unemployment rate in emerging economies. Within this scope, E7 countries are taken into the consideration. Additionally, annual data of these variables for the periods between 1996 and 2016 is tested by using Dumitrescu Hurlin panel causality analysis. It is concluded that research and development expenditure has a positive effect to increase the export amount for these emerging economies. On the other hand, it is also identified that there is not a causality relationship between research and development with economic growth and unemployment rate. Therefore, it is recommended that emerging economies should take necessary actions to increase research and development investment to have higher amount of export. Hence, it can be possible for these countries to minimize the negative effects of current account deficit. In addition to this issue, it can also be seen that making research and development investment plays a key role to improve the economic performance of these countries.
Educational Innovation Techniques Based on Assessment and Development of Student Potential
Authors: Sanchez-Herrero Silvia Andrea , Alonso-García Miguel A. , Castaño-Collado Gloria , Berrocal-Berrocal Francisca
Published: October 2018

How do we wish to structure the universities of tomorrow? There is probably no single response to this question, but it is possible to make a contribution from the work psychology perspective that offers ways and mean to achieve higher quality in university teaching. The aim of this chapter is to describe various educational innovation activities, based on models and applications developed in the field of human resources, that make it possible to meet the needs and challenges that universities will have to face in the immediate future. The proposed activities arise from personal and career development assessments and place the student at the center of the process, since the commitment of universities is to develop student potential as far as possible in order to ensure that in their professional lives former students have the knowledge and competencies required of them by society.
Big Data Governance in Agile and Data-Driven Software Development
Authors: Aunimo Lili , Alamäki Ari V. , Ketamo Harri
Published: October 2018

Constructing a big data governance framework is important when a company performs data-driven software development. The most important aspects of big data governance are data privacy, security, availability, usability, and integrity. In this chapter, the authors present a business case where a framework for big data governance has been built. The business case is about the development and continuous improvement of a new mobile application that is targeted for consumers. In this context, big data is used in product development, in building predictive modes related to the users and for personalization of the product. The main finding of the study is a novel big data governance framework and that a proper framework for big data governance is useful when building and maintaining trustworthy and value adding big data-driven predictive models in an authentic business environment.
Big Data for Prediction
Authors: Pejic-Bach Mirjana , Pivar Jasmina , Krstić Živko
Published: October 2018

Technical field of big data for prediction lures the attention of different stakeholders. The reasons are related to the potentials of the big data, which allows for learning from past behavior, discovering patterns and values, and optimizing business processes based on new insights from large databases. However, in order to fully utilize the potentials of big data, its stakeholders need to understand the scope and volume of patenting related to big data usage for prediction. Therefore, this chapter aims to perform an analysis of patenting activities related to big data usage for prediction. This is done by (1) exploring the timeline and geographic distribution of patenting activities, (2) exploring the most active assignees of technical content of interest, (3) detecting the type of the protected technical according to the international patent classification system, and (4) performing text-mining analysis to discover the topics emerging most often in patents' abstracts.
The Components of Big Data and Knowledge Management Will Change Radically How People Collaborate and Develop Complex Research
Authors: Choudhury Amitava , Aggarwal Ambika , Rangra Kalpana , Bhatt Ashutosh
Published: October 2018

Emerging as a rapidly growing field, big data is already known for promising success and having considerable synergies with knowledge management. The common goal of this collaboration is to improve and facilitate decision making, fueling the competition, fostering innovation, and achieving economic success through acquisition of knowledge to various applications. Knowledge in the entire world or inside any organization has already expanded itself in various directions and is exponentially increasing with time. To withstand the current competitive environment, an intensive collaboration of knowledge management with different approaches and algorithms of big data is required. Classical structuring is becoming obsolete with the increasing amount of knowledge components.
Role of Microfinance Banks in Provision of Credit for Poverty Reduction in Pakistan
Authors: Raiysat Kamran , Younas Humaira
Published: October 2018

Microfinance banks started their operations in Pakistan in 2000 and have been working over the years. This chapter mainly considers microfinance bank growth in the provision of credit for poverty reduction. Six hypotheses are developed to address the main issues under investigation in this study. Secondary data is used to calculate compound annual growth rate for the period 2011–2015. Results showed growth in microfinance banks (total assets and branch network) and provision of loans/credit (customers, gross advances, net advances and advance per customer). For better returns on investment and economic development, further investment is suggested in the same sector.