bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ocena skuteczności oddziaływania wychowawczego realizowanego w przestrzeni
wirtualnej. Wprowadzenie
Authors: Cybulska Dorota
Published: March 2023

The study concerns the assessment of the effectiveness of Homeroom Processes
carried out remotely with students. For this purpose, a questionnaire survey was
conducted among teachers of various educational institutions on their Homeroom
Activities in an indirect form. The conducted analysis does not clearly indicate whether
the remote form is worse than the stationary one. Both ways of implementing educational
content have their strengths and weaknesses, which are discussed in detail in the paper.
However, the conducted analysis leads to a specific conclusion that the changing world
and society of students – Digital Natives – forces teachers to keep up with needs
related to the use of new technologies, also in the implementation of educational
issues.
Privacy and Market Concentration: Intended and Unintended Consequences of the GDPR
Authors: Johnson Garrett A. , Shriver Scott K. , Goldberg Samuel G.
Published: March 2023

We show that websites’ vendor use falls after the European Union’s (EU’s) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), but that market concentration also increases among technology vendors that provide support services to websites. We collect panel data on the web technology vendors selected by more than 27,000 top websites internationally. The week after the GDPR’s enforcement, website use of web technology vendors falls by 15% for EU residents. Websites are relatively more likely to retain top vendors, which increases the concentration of the vendor market by 17%. Increased concentration predominantly arises among vendors that use personal data, such as cookies, and from the increased relative shares of Facebook and Google-owned vendors, but not from website consent requests. Although the aggregate changes in vendor use and vendor concentration dissipate by the end of 2018, we find that the GDPR impact persists in the advertising vendor category most scrutinized by regulators. Our findings shed light on potential explanations for the sudden drop and subsequent rebound in vendor usage.

This paper was accepted by Matthew Shum, marketing.

Funding: Financial support from the Marketing Science Institute and the George Mason University Program on Economics & Privacy is gratefully acknowledged.

Supplemental Material: The web appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4709 .
Management of Pediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia in the Era of Widespread Vaccination against Streptococcus Pneumoniae at a First-Level Hospital
Authors: Ragusa Neftj , Gianotto Nefer Roberta , Barbara Affif , Luotti Diego , Peano Luca , Bogliatto Fabrizio , Berger Massimo
Published: March 2023

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common and potentially severe infection affecting children. A retrospective study was carried out at our Institution between November 2022 and January 2023. Twenty-eight patients under 14 years of age were diagnosed and treated accordingly. Median age was 35 months, half of the patients were males. The most detected pathogen was S. pneumoniae (in 36% of all patients). Other pathogens detected were RSV in 3 patients (11%), influenza B virus in two patients (7%), adenovirus in two patients (7%), and M. pneumoniae in one patient (4%). Fourteen children (50% of the total number) developed a respiratory failure that required supplemental oxygen. Among these, 8 children (57% of all children receiving oxygen supplementation) required low-flow oxygen delivery, four children (29%) required high-flow oxygen delivery, and one child (7%) required invasive ventilation. Five children (55% of children with a bacterial CAP) received intravenous antibiotics, while 44% of patients received oral antibiotics. First-line intravenous antibiotics consisted of a third-generation cephalosporin for infants and children older than 1 month, and ampicillin/sulbactam with gentamicin for newborns. Amoxy-clavulanic acid was the first-line oral antibiotic for pneumococcal CAP, while oral clarithromycin was the first line antimicrobic for CAP caused by M. pneumoniae.

Twenty-one children (75% of total patients) were fully vaccinated, three children (11%) had received two doses because of age. Regarding the 10 children with a pneumococcal CAP, seven (70%) were fully vaccinated, one had received two-doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), and two were unvaccinated.
ESTUDO DE ESTRELAS MASSIVAS EM GALÁXIAS: ESTRELAS WOLF RAYET
Authors: Macedo Borges Boaventura Ricardo , Fernandes de Fernandes Iranderly
Published: March 2023

O presente trabalho traz um levantamento bibliográfico sobre o desenvolvimento dos estudos e consolidação dos conhecimentos acerca dos diversos aspectos de estrelas e galáxias Wolf Rayet com o intuito de reunir bibliografia no tema em questão e organizar de maneira cronológica os estudos realizados até que tais conceitos fossem afirmados. Utilizando motores de busca digitais e acervos digitalizados de periódicos na área, filtrando os resultados por década desde a descoberta do fenômeno estudado, foi possível rastrear as publicações nas quais se observa e discute cada novo aspecto descoberto nesses astros e organizá-las em sucessão temporal. A reunião e discussão a respeito dessa bibliografia expõe o papel que esse tipo de estrela desempenha no estudo e compreensão de fenômenos extra galácticos como ventos estelares e surtos de formação estelar.
FÍSICA MÉDICA: DA FÍSICA À MEDICINA
Authors: Rodrigues Jairo L. , Ferreira W. S. , Ferreira S. R. B.
Published: March 2023

A física médica tem um papel fundamental na sociedade contemporânea, pois representa um avanço na medicina diagnóstica. O que antes tinha-se apenas ilustrações abstratas do interior do ser humano, hoje as imagens vêm com detalhes em representações tridimensionais. Assim, a metodologia baseia-se em uma pesquisa qualitativa e bibliográfica, uma vez que foi utilizado um questionário afim de obter resultados comparativos acerca do tema. Por conseguinte, foi produzida uma cartilha contendo informações sobre a física médica com o intuito de transmitir de forma didática o conteúdo. Neste trabalho abordamos assuntos relacionados com a física médica, a formação do físico médico e suas áreas de atuação, apresentado em forma de cartilha por considerá-la um instrumento transmissor de conhecimento de forma simplificada e abrangente.
Turn-on stimuli-responsive switch: strategies for activating a new fluorescence channel by pressure
Authors: Wan Yongfeng , Li Bo , Liu Yuliang , Wang Dongwei , Zhu Lixia , Li Qi , Yin Hang , Liu Cailong , Jin Mingxing , Gao Jianbo , Shi Ying
Published: March 2023

The stimulus-responsive smart switching of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) features has attracted considerable attention in 4D information encryption, optical sensors and biological imaging. Nevertheless, for some AIE-inactive triphenylamine (TPA) derivatives, activating the fluorescence channel of TPA remains a challenge based on their intrinsic molecular configuration. Here, we took a new design strategy for opening a new fluorescence channel and enhancing AIE efficiency for (E)-1-(((4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)imino)methyl)naphthalen-2-ol. The turn-on methodology employed is based on pressure induction. Combining ultrafast and Raman spectra with high-pressure in situ showed that activating the new fluorescence channel stemmed from restraining intramolecular twist rotation. Twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) and intramolecular vibration were restricted, which induced an increase in AIE efficiency. This approach provides a new strategy for the development of stimulus-responsive smart-switch materials.
High-performance distributed dynamic strain sensing by synthesizing φ-OTDR and BOTDR
Authors: Wu Haoting , Guo Nan , Zhong Zixuan , Guo Wencun , Han Lei , Li Chongjian , Meng Di , Yin Guolu , Liu Tao , Zhu Tao
Published: March 2023

We propose and demonstrate a high-performance distributed dynamic absolute strain sensing technique by synthesizing φ-OTDR and BOTDR. The technique synthesizes the relative strain obtained by the φ-OTDR part and the initial strain offset estimated by fitting the relative strain with the absolute strain signal from the BOTDR part. As a result, it provides not only the characteristics of high sensing accuracy and high sampling rate like φ-OTDR, but also the absolute strain measurement and the large sensing dynamic range like BOTDR. The experiment results indicate the proposed technique can realize the distributed dynamic absolute strain sensing with a sensing dynamic range of over 2500 µɛ, a peak-to-peak amplitude of 1165 µɛ, and a wide frequency response range from 0.1 to over 30 Hz over a sensing range of about 1 km.
Polarization encryption system using commercial LCDs for additive manufacturing
Authors: Villegas Juan Esteban , Jimoh Yusuf Omotayo , Rasras Mahmoud
Published: March 2023

Polarization encryption has long been shown to allow simultaneous encryption of 2D images, but with scarce practical implementations or commercial applications to date. Nevertheless, a possible vector for its use in market products may be additive manufacturing (AM). As more complex and diversified technologies use AM in their production chains, intellectual property (IP) protection of shared data is becoming increasingly crucial. Many AM techniques rely on optical systems, therefore, it is essential to analyze the prospects of safeguarding AM processes using advances in optical secrecy. This work demonstrates the use of polarization encoding by employing liquid crystals for physical layer security. We examine the encoding of the information in a signal’s polarization state and show that linear transformations of polarization can be used to encrypt and decrypt data. We further demonstrate the use of off-the-shelf liquid crystal displays (LCD) in a low-cost commercial resin 3D printer to build a "polarization decryptor". The proposed system does not require any software modification and in hardware only the replacement of the printer’s LCD masking screen. This technique provides a promising methodology to secure part of the supply chain for AM operations.
Sentiment analysis of hotel online reviews using the BERT model and ERNIE model—Data from China
Authors: Wen Yu , Liang Yezhang , Zhu Xinhua
Published: March 2023

The emotion analysis of hotel online reviews is discussed by using the neural network model BERT, which proves that this method can not only help hotel network platforms fully understand customer needs but also help customers find suitable hotels according to their needs and affordability and help hotel recommendations be more intelligent. Therefore, using the pretraining BERT model, a number of emotion analytical experiments were carried out through fine-tuning, and a model with high classification accuracy was obtained by frequently adjusting the parameters during the experiment. The BERT layer was taken as a word vector layer, and the input text sequence was used as the input to the BERT layer for vector transformation. The output vectors of BERT passed through the corresponding neural network and were then classified by the softmax activation function. ERNIE is an enhancement of the BERT layer. Both models can lead to good classification results, but the latter performs better. ERNIE exhibits stronger classification and stability than BERT, which provides a promising research direction for the field of tourism and hotels.
Decision impact studies, evidence of clinical utility for genomic assays in cancer: A scoping review
Authors: Parker Gillian , Hunter Sarah , Ghazi Samer , Hayeems Robin Z. , Rousseau Francois , Miller Fiona A.
Published: March 2023

Background

Decision impact studies have become increasingly prevalent in cancer prognostic research in recent years. These studies aim to evaluate the impact of a genomic test on decision-making and appear to be a new form of evidence of clinical utility. The objectives of this review were to identify and characterize decision impact studies in genomic medicine in cancer care and categorize the types of clinical utility outcomes reported.

Methods

We conducted a search of four databases, Medline, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science, from inception to June 2022. Empirical studies that reported a “decision impact” assessment of a genomic assay on treatment decisions or recommendations for cancer patients were included. We followed scoping review methodology and adapted the Fryback and Thornbury Model to collect and analyze data on clinical utility. The database searches identified 1803 unique articles for title/abstract screening; 269 articles moved to full-text review.

Results

87 studies met inclusion criteria. All studies were published in the last 12 years with the majority for breast cancer (72%); followed by other cancers (28%) (lung, prostate, colon). Studies reported on the impact of 19 different proprietary (18) and generic (1) assays. Across all four levels of clinical utility, outcomes were reported for 22 discrete measures, including the impact on provider/team decision-making (100%), provider confidence (31%); change in treatment received (46%); patient psychological impacts (17%); and costing or savings impacts (21%). Based on the data synthesis, we created a comprehensive table of outcomes reported for clinical utility.

Conclusions

This scoping review is a first step in understanding the evolution and uses of decision impact studies and their influence on the integration of emerging genomic technologies in cancer care. The results imply that DIS are positioned to provide evidence of clinical utility and impact clinical practice and reimbursement decision-making in cancer care.

Systematic review registration:Open Science Frameworkosf.io/hm3jr.
The impact of influenza vaccination on surgical outcomes in COVID-19 positive patients: An analysis of 43,580 patients
Authors: Taghioff Susan M. , Slavin Benjamin R. , Mehra Shefali , Holton Tripp , Singh Devinder
Published: March 2023

Background

Multiple recent studies suggest a possible protective effect of the influenza vaccine against severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This effect has yet to be evaluated in surgical patients. This study utilizes a continuously updated federated electronic medical record (EMR) network (TriNetX, Cambridge, MA) to analyze the influence of the influenza vaccine against post-operative complications in SARS-CoV-2-positive patients.

Methods

The de-identified records of 73,341,020 patients globally were retrospectively screened. Two balanced cohorts totaling 43,580 surgical patients were assessed from January 2020-January 2021. Cohort One received the influenza vaccine six months-two weeks prior to SARS-CoV-2-positive diagnosis, while Cohort Two did not. Post-operative complications within 30, 60, 90, and 120 days of undergoing surgery were analyzed using common procedural terminology(CPT) codes. Outcomes were propensity score matched for characteristics including age, race, gender, diabetes, obesity, and smoking.

Results

SARS-CoV-2-positive patients receiving the influenza vaccine experienced significantly decreased risks of sepsis, deep vein thrombosis, dehiscence, acute myocardial infarction, surgical site infections, and death across multiple time points(p<0.05, Bonferroni Correction p = 0.0011). Number needed to vaccinate (NNV) was calculated for all significant and nominally significant findings.

Conclusion

Our analysis examines the potential protective effect of influenza vaccination in SARS-CoV-2-positive surgical patients. Limitations include this study’s retrospective nature and reliance on accuracy of medical coding. Future prospective studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
Hydrogen gas sensing performance of a carbon-doped boron nitride nanoribbon at elevated temperatures
Authors: Taib Ainun Khairiyah , Johari Zaharah , Abd. Rahman Shaharin Fadzli , Mohd Yusoff Mohd Fairus , Hamzah Afiq
Published: March 2023

In this study, computational simulations were used to investigate the performance of a carbon-doped boron nitride nanoribbon (BC2NNR) for hydrogen (H2) gas sensing at elevated temperatures. The adsorption energy and charge transfer were calculated when H2 was simultaneously attached to carbon, boron, and both boron and nitrogen atoms. The sensing ability was further analyzed considering the variations in current–voltage (I–V) characteristics. The simulation results indicated that the energy bandgap of H2 on carbon, boron, and both boron and nitrogen exhibited a marginal effect during temperature variations. However, significant differences were observed in terms of adsorption energy at a temperature of 500 K, wherein the adsorption energy was increased by 99.62% of that observed at 298 K. Additionally, the evaluation of charge transfer indicated that the strongest binding site was achieved at high adsorption energies with high charge transfers. Analysis of the I–V characteristics verified that the currents were considerably affected, particularly when a certain concentration of H2 molecules was added at the highest sensitivity of 15.02% with a bias voltage of 3 V. The sensitivity at 298 K was lower than those observed at 500 and 1000 K. The study findings can form the basis for further experimental investigations on BC2NNR as a hydrogen sensor.
Service innovation practices and customer loyalty in the telecommunication industry
Authors: Awuku Ernest , Agyei Paul Mensah , Gonu Eric
Published: March 2023

The study sought to assess differences in innovation practices in the telecommunication industry, customer perception of service innovations, and how service innovation practices influence the loyalty of mobile subscribers. A quantitative research approach was adopted to study 250 samples from active subscribers of the leading mobile telecommunication companies in Ghana. Descriptive and regression analytical approaches were used to analyze the study’s objectives. The result indicates service innovation practices significantly influence loyalty. Innovative service concepts, innovative service processes, and new technologies significantly influence customer loyalty with the latter having the strongest influence. The study contributes to the scanty literature on the mentioned subject within the Ghanaian context. Additionally, this study focused on the service sector. Despite the sector’s contribution to the world’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), previous studies have largely focused on the manufacturing sector. Based on the findings, the study recommends that the management of MTN, Vodafone, and Airtel-Tigo in collaboration with R&D and Marketing departments must invest financial and cognitive resources to develop innovative technologies, processes, and services to address the service convenience, efficiency, and effectiveness needs of customers. The study further recommends that financial and cognitive investment should be based on market and consumer research, and customer interaction. This study recommends similar studies using qualitative research methods in other industries such as banking and insurance.
Involvement of circulating soluble HLA-G after liver transplantation in the low immunogenicity of hepatic allograft
Authors: Le Floc’h Bastien , Costet Nathalie , Vu Nicolas , Bernabeu-Gentey Pénélope , Pronier Charlotte , Houssel-Debry Pauline , Boudjéma Karim , Renac Virginie , Samson Michel , Amiot Laurence
Published: March 2023

Graft rejection is a critical risk in solid-organ transplantation. To decrease such risk, an understanding of the factors involved in low immunogenicity of liver allografts could potentially make it possible to transfer this tolerogenic property to other transplanted organs. HLA-G, a natural physiological molecule belonging to the Human Leukocyte Antigen class (HLA) Ib family that induces tolerance, is associated with fewer rejections in solid-organ transplantation. In contrast to HLA-G, HLA antigen incompatibilities between donor and recipient can lead to rejection, except in liver transplantation. We compared HLA-G plasma levels and the presence of anti-HLA antibodies before and after LT to understand the low immunogenicity of the liver. We conducted a large prospective study that included 118 patients on HLA-G plasma levels during a 12-month follow-up and compared them to the status of anti-HLA antibodies. HLA-G plasma levels were evaluated by ELISA at seven defined pre- and post-LT time points. HLA-G plasma levels were stable over time pre-LT and were not associated with patient characteristics. The level increased until the third month post-LT, before decreasing to a level comparable to that of the pre-LT period at one year of follow-up. Such evolution was independent of biological markers and immunosuppressive treatment, except with glucocorticoids. An HLA-G plasma level ≤ 50 ng/ml on day 8 after LT was significantly associated with a higher rejection risk. We also observed a higher percentage of rejection in the presence of donor specific anti-HLA antibodies (DSA) and an association between the increase in HLA-G plasma levels at three months and the absence of DSA. The low immunogenicity of liver allografts could be related to early elevated levels of HLA-G, which lead, in turn, to a decrease in anti-HLA antibodies, opening potential new therapeutic strategies using synthetic HLA-G proteins.
Psychological interventions for generalized anxiety disorder: Effects and predictors in a naturalistic outpatient setting
Authors: Krzikalla Clara , Morina Nexhmedin , Andor Tanja , Nohr Laura , Buhlmann Ulrike
Published: March 2023

Objective

Numerous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) demonstrate the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), metacognitive therapy (MCT), and methods to reduce intolerance of uncertainty (IU-CBT) in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). However, few studies have investigated these treatments under conditions of routine clinical care. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of psychotherapy for GAD in an outpatient setting and to identify factors influencing treatment outcome.

Methods

Fifty-nine GAD patients received naturalistic CBT (including MCT and IU-CBT) in an outpatient clinic and postgraduate training center for psychotherapy. Patients completed self-report questionnaires at the beginning and end of therapy regarding the main outcome worry as well as metacognitions, intolerance of uncertainty, depression, and general psychopathology.

Results

Worry, negative metacognitions, intolerance of uncertainty, depression, and general psychopathology decreased significantly (p’s < .001) with large effect sizes for all symptoms (d = 0.83–1.49). A reliable change in the main outcome worry was observed in 80% of patients, and recovery occurred in 23%. Higher worry scores at posttreatment were predicted by higher pretreatment scores, female sex, and less change in negative metacognitive beliefs during treatment.

Conclusions

Naturalistic CBT for GAD appears to be effective in routine clinical care for worry as well as depressive symptoms, with particular benefits associated with altering negative metacognitions. However, a recovery rate of only 23% is lower than the rates reported in RCTs. Treatment needs to be improved, especially for patients with more severe GAD and for women.
La reinterpretación de Okakura Kakuzō del concepto omoshiroi
Authors: Romero Leo Jaime
Published: March 2023

El siguiente artículo plantea una revisión de la importancia que el conocimiento del inglés tuvo en la obra de Okakura Kakuzō (1863-1913). Situado en el período Meiji como uno de los intelectuales de referencia, la posibilidad de poder dirigirse a la audiencia europea y norteamericana sin intermediarios lo erigió como uno de los puentes culturales entre Japón y Occidente. Las obras y conferencias más importantes que Okakura ofreció a lo largo de su vida estuvieron escritas, originalmente, en inglés. Esto permitió amoldar ciertas realidades culturales y artísticas de Japón mediante su discurso, con el fin de apelar al entusiasmo de los artistas, coleccionistas e intelectuales occidentales interesados por Japón. Este artículo sitúa su análisis, concretamente, en la conferencia «Nature in East Asiatic Painting», pronunciada por Okakura en Boston en 1911. En ella, el autor llevó a cabo una reinterpretación singular del concepto omoshiroi, al cual conectó con la tradición mitológica nipona albergada en el Kojiki.
Comparative evaluation of the material of the artificial levees
Authors: Sheishah Diaa , Sipos György , Barta Károly , Abdelsamei Enas , Hegyi Alexandru , Onaca Alexandru , Abbas Abbas M.
Published: March 2023

Artificial levees have major importance in protecting human lives
and infrastructure as they are essential elements of the flood protection
measures. Nevertheless, the lack of the necessary information about their
structure and internal composition might cause high risks. To monitor their
stability, integrated surveys are needed, including geophysical and
geotechnical methods. Levees along the rivers in Hungary were constructed
more than 150 years ago, and they were heightened several times; therefore,
investigations are required to assure their performance in flood risk
mitigation. Our investigation aimed to utilise non-invasive geophysical
techniques, primarily electrical resistivity imaging, with the validation
of geotechnical investigations to map and compare the compositional and
structural variations of two very different levee sections along River
Tisza and River Maros. Integrating the analysed drilling data with ERT
profiles showed that the main composition of the investigated Tisza levee
section is fine and medium silt with an average resistivity 30 Ωm, however,
the investigated section of Maros levee was built of not only of fine and
medium silt but also of medium and coarse sand exhibiting higher
resistivity values reaching up to 2200 Ωm. Several physical parameters were
measured to study the nature of constituting levee materials like moisture
content, grain-size, porosity, bulk-density, saturated hydraulic
conductivity, and resistivity. It was found that most of them show a
connection with resistivity, but the hydraulic conductivity did not show a
direct connection, however the latter could exhibit the aquitard nature of
Tisza levee materials and the non-aquitard nature of Maros levee materials.
Factors associated with secretory IgA levels in colostrum and breastmilk
Authors: Mulyani Sri Priyantini , Winarto Suprihati , Karyadini Hesti Wahyuningsih
Published: March 2023

Background Secretory IgA (sIgA) content of breastmilk in the first postpartum month is a reflection of the pregnant woman's immune response to environmental antigen exposure. The role of secretory IgA in breastmilk is to protect and support the development of the neonatal immune response in early life.

Objective To examine possible factors associated with sIgA levels in breastmilk and colostrum, including environmental exposure, food consumed, maternal history of atopy, and the appearance of allergic symptoms in infants. As a secondary objective, we determined the association between infant factors (IgE, exposure to cigarette smoke) and maternal factors (sIgA, maternal allergies) with infant allergies.

Methods This prospective cohort study of 80 postpartum mothers and their infants was conducted at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital, Semarang. We collected maternal colostrum on the second or third postpartum day and mature milk between the 22nd to 25th postpartum day. Exposure factors to mothers and infants in the final trimester of pregnancy up to one month postpartum was recorded through a questionnaire and home visits. The infant’s IgE level was measured at 4 months of age.

Results Mean colostrum sIgA was 108.9 (SD 16.5) mg/dL (95%CI 97.9 to 121.1 mg/dL) and mean mature milk sIgA was 94.1 (SD 23.9) mg/dL (95%CI 89.1 to 99.2 mg/dL). Mean colostrum sIgA levels were higher in mothers exposed to cigarette smoke [119.1 (SD 1.7) vs. 92.9 (SD 1.5) mg/dL; P=0.026] and frequent infections [128.2 (SD 1.7) vs. 95.9 (SD 1.6) mg/dL; P=0.007] compared to that in unexposed mothers. Mean colostrum sIgA was also higher in mothers with atopic allergy than in those without (136.8 mg/dL vs. 99.3 mg/dL; p=0.017) and in mothers of infants with IgE levels >29 IU/ml than in mothers of infants with IgE levels <29 IU/mL (136.8 vs. 101.2 mg/mg/dL; P=0.045). Elevated colostrum sIgA (>136.8 mg/dL) was not associated with allergies in the infants (P=0.269).

Conclusions Maternal atopic allergy and frequent infections are associated with increased colostrum sIgA levels. Breastmilk sIgA levels are not associated with allergies in the infant. Maternal exposure to antigens may stimulate the production of specific breastmilk sIgA.
Sirenomelia or “mermaid syndrome”: an extremely rare case in Indonesiasia
Authors: Santosa Qodri , Kartika Setya Dian , Nuryadin Irwan , Muntafiah Alfi
Published: March 2023

Sirenomelia, also known as mermaid syndrome, is a very rare lethal congenital disorder with multisystem malformations, characterized by fusion of the lower limbs. Here we report a preterm neonate with fusion of the lower limbs. The baby was born by cesarean section to a 27-year-old primigravida mother at 35 weeks and 3 days’ gestation. There was no maternal history of hypertension, heart disease, asthma, or diabetes mellitus. At birth, the infant did not cry, had weak tone, a heart rate (HR) of <60 beats per minute (BPM), an Apgar score of 1/2, and a birth weight of 2,300 grams. The infant had an imperforate anus and no urogenital openings or external genitalia. There was a small penis-like protrusion without an aperture, such as in cases of ambiguous genitalia. The two lower limbs were fused, with five toes on each foot. Despite neonatal resuscitation, the infant died within 75 minutes of birth. The child was diagnosed with sirenomelia. This case report aims to emphasize the importance of early prenatal diagnosis and education of the patient’s family.
Blood pressure to height ratio for screening hypertension among Indonesian adolescents
Authors: Trihono Partini Pudjiastuti , Sihombing Jeanne Laurensie , Dewi Rismala
Published: March 2023

Background Pediatric hypertension is an emerging health issue due to its increasing prevalence. Age-, gender-, and height-specific blood pressure percentiles have been widely used as a primary tool for detection of hypertension in the pediatric population. However, this method is too complicated to be used in general pediatric practice. The blood pressure to height ratio has been proposed as a practical tool to detect hypertension in children.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of blood pressure to height ratio to be used as a tool for screening high blood pressure in Indonesian adolescents.

Methods This diagnostic test study using data from the 2013 Indonesia Basic Health Research  (Riset Kesehatan Dasar/RISKESDAS) report included 39,057 adolescents aged 15-18 years with complete data on age, gender, weight, height, and blood pressure. Blood pressure values were classified using the 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) hypertension clinical guidelines. Blood pressure to height ratio was calculated as mmHg/cm body height. A receiver-operator characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess the accuracy of systolic blood pressure to height ratio (SBPHR) and diastolic blood pressure to height ratio (DBPHR) for screening high blood pressure in adolescents. The optimal cut-off points, sensitivity, and specificity of SBPHR and DBPHR were calculated.

Results The optimal cut-off points for defining elevated blood pressure in male adolescents aged 13-18 years were SBPHR 0.69 for male adolescents (sensitivity 96%, specificity 80%) and DBPHR 0.46 (sensitivity 97%, specificity 84%). In female adolescents, the optimal cut-offs were SBPHR 0.72 (sensitivity 97%, specificity 82%) and DBPHR 0.48 (sensitivity 98% and specificity 79%).

Conclusion Blood pressure to height ratio is a practical method with high sensitivity and specificity for detecting elevated blood pressure in Indonesian adolescents aged 15 to 18 years.
Determination of Dissolved Pesticide Leachates in the West Africa’s Largest Natural Lake
Authors: GARIBA Amina , OSEI-OWUSU Jonathan , ANIAGYEI Albert , ANTWI Boniface Yeboah , KWAKYE Ralph , ADUSEI George , DOFUOR Aboagye Kwarteng , VIGBEDOR Bright
Published: March 2023

Lake Bosomtwe in the Ashanti Region of Ghana is one of the largest naturally occurring lake in West Africa. The lake is surrounded by about 36 farming and fishing communities that use synthetic pesticides and herbicide in the cultivation of crops. These chemicals are likely to leak into the tributaries, contaminate the lake, and threaten the life of the aquatic animals. For this reason, a study of the levels of the active components of the pesticides in the lake were measured to monitor the water quality. A Gas Chromatographic equipped with Electron Capture Detector (GC-ECD) was employed in the measurements and levels of organochlorine, organophosphorus and pyrethoids. The GC-ECD analysis revealed that, the mean concentrations of organochlorines in the water sample were, Beta – HCH (0.03µg/L), Gamma – HCH (0.015 µg/L), Delta – HCH (0.012 µg/L), Endrin (0.014 µg/L), Beta-endosulfan (0.01 µg/L), Endosulfan (0.028 µg/L), and p, p’- DDT (0.012 µg/L). Heptachlor, Alpha-endosulfan, p,p’- DDE and Lambda-cyhal had concentrations less than 0.01 µg/L. Chloropyrifos was the only organophosphate detected with a mean concentration of 0.013 µg/L. The mean concentrations of the pyrethoids present were, permethrin 0.024 µg/L, cyfluthrin 0.016 µg/L and deltamethrin 0.017µg/L. A comparison of the measured concentrations with the WHO pesticides limit in water displayed lower levels and compliance to the standards. Detection of these pesticides residues indicates that, regulating farming activities along the boundaries of the lake will reduce the leakages with corresponding positive effect on the aquatic life.
Lidská práva starších osob v krizových situacích: pohled Rady Evropy
Authors: Tymofeyeva Alla
Published: March 2023

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the law of the Council of Europe (CoE) regarding protection of the human rights of elderly in crisis situations using the examples of the armed conflict in Ukraine and COVID-19. Given this, the paper is divided into two main parts. The first part analyses the response of the Council of Europe bodies to the measures influencing the rights of elderly introduced by the governments of the CoE member states in relation to COVID-19. The second part is devoted to the specifics of the legal regulation of the human rights of the elderly during armed conflicts, applying the example of the war in Ukraine. The Conclusions focus on the comparison of the protection of older people in the two mentioned crisis situations, i.e. with regard to the war in Ukraine and in connection with COVID-19. The author is of opinion that the rights of older persons received more attention in times of the health crisis than during the armed conflict.
Simplified MIMO design of observer-based PI control in view of input saturation
Authors: Hippe Peter
Published: March 2023

In observer-based control integral or controller windup can systematically be prevented by the observer technique, i.e., by feeding the saturated plant input signal into the observer. This prevents all windup effects caused by the dynamics of the compensator. The possibly remaining windup effects are then the same as if constant state feedback control had been applied. When using the classic approach for robust rejection of persistent disturbances the state-plus-disturbance observer is subdivided into the state observer and the controlled signal model. Thus the observer technique is only applicable when taking additional measures or when resorting to a recently published dual design method. Here, a very simple design for MIMO PI compensators is suggested which directly yields the basis for the observer technique.
Identifikation auslösender Umstände von SOTIF-Gefährdungen durch systemtheoretische Prozessanalyse
Authors: Graubohm Robert , Loba Marvin , Nolte Marcus , Maurer Markus
Published: March 2023

Um bereits in der Konzeptphase autonomer Fahrzeuge einen fundierten Eindruck bestehender Risikopotenziale zu erhalten, werden im Zuge von deduktiven und induktiven SOTIF-Analysen mögliche auslösende Umstände für gefährliches Verhalten untersucht. In diesem Zusammenhang wird in der ISO 21448 die Durchführung einer systemtheoretischen Prozessanalyse (STPA) vorgeschlagen. In diesem Beitrag führen wir deutsche Terminologie für SOTIF-Betrachtungen ein und setzen uns im Zuge einer Anwendung kritisch mit der STPA-Theorie auseinander, wobei wir begleitend methodische Ergänzungen anregen.
Prediction based activation of vehicle safety systems – a contribution to improve to occupant safety by validation of pre-crash information and crash severity plus restraint strategy prediction
Authors: Alphonso Sequeira Gerald Joy
Published: March 2023

This work presents an approach to activate vehicle safety systems based on a pre-crash prediction. It focuses on the three major topics namely, crash validation, the geometry-estimation, and the crash severity and restraint strategy prediction. The topic of crash validation is administered by a proposal of a novel contact-based validation sensor along with the experimental investigations for comparison with other sensors.
Die Bibliothek im Jahr 2040
Authors: Kohle Hubertus
Published: March 2023

Im Zeichen der Digitalisierung verlieren die Bibliotheken ihre vorrangige Funktion, Aufbewahrungsorte von Büchern zu sein. Schon jetzt entwickeln sie sich mehr und mehr zu sozialen Räumen, in denen menschliche Interaktion neben die einsame Lektüre tritt. Die Digitalisierung zielt auf Stärkung der Interaktivität im Umgang mit allen Artefakten ab, so auch Büchern. Sie lädt ein zu Kommentierung, Bearbeitung, Veränderung. Vermutet wird hier, dass die Bibliothek zukünftig verstärkt als Raum fungieren wird, in dem diese Prozesse stattfinden. Das führt zu einer durchgreifenden Neukonzeption, die im Übrigen alle Bildungsinstitutionen betreffen dürfte.
Desiccation and thermo-tolerance of Fucus guiryi (Phaeophyceae) from its southernmost populations (Canary Islands, Eastern Atlantic)
Authors: Ruiz-Medina Marcos Adrián , Fernández-Marín Beatriz , Sansón Marta , Sangil Carlos , González-Rodríguez Águeda María
Published: March 2023

Populations inhabiting the periphery of a species’ distribution suffer the immediate pressure of the environmental changes. Studying their physiology under stressful conditions is essential in the context of climate change. We characterized two morphotypes with measurements of length, thickness and width of the thallus of the macroalga Fucus guiryi in two localities (north and south) in Tenerife (Canary Islands), the southern limit of distribution of the species. We hypothesized that the individuals from the north locality, especially the large morphotype, would be more vulnerable to desiccation and high temperatures than those from the south. Tolerance to desiccation was tested through two long desiccation experiments and by comparing the vegetative and reproductive blades. Tolerance to high temperatures was tested by keeping the individuals in seawater (26–32 °C) for 24 h. The recovery of physiological functions after the stressful conditions was estimated through maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII. Results indicate that both of the two morphometrically differentiated morphotypes were tolerant to prolonged desiccation; however, the small one was more affected, particularly in the northern locality. The reproductive blades were hardly affected, indicating greater tolerance to desiccation than the vegetative blades. Fucus guiryi showed tolerance to high temperatures (32 °C) suggesting plasticity to future warming scenarios.
Effect of matrix composition on properties of polyamide 66/polyamide 6I-6T composites with high content of continuous glass fiber for optimizing surface performance
Authors: Xie Jiaxiang
Published: March 2023

To optimize the surface performance of the composites of polyamide 66 and continuous glass fiber (50/50, weight ratio), poly(hexamethylene isoftalamide-co-terephthalamide) (PA6I-6T) was introduced. The composites were prepared by a twin-screw extruder, and the effect of PA6I-6T on the thermal and mechanical properties, as well as surface appearance was investigated. The results showed that the crystallization temperature and the melting point of the composites decreased with increasing the amount of PA6I-6T. The Jeziorny method proved that the presence of PA6I-6T did not change the nucleation mode and the crystal growth of PA66 in the hybrid matrix, and the Mo method revealed that the crystallization rate of PA66 decreased first and then increased with the increase of the PA6I-6T content. The reduction in the “floating fiber” on the surface of the composites was attributed to the decrease of the crystallization rate of PA66 in the presence of PA6I-6T. It was shown that the composites with smooth surface had a large melt flow index. Moreover, the composites with high content of PA6I-6T had low heat deformation temperatures. The mechanical properties of the composites did not change significantly with the increase of the PA6I-6T content. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed that glass fiber was evenly distributed in the matrix and strongly oriented parallel to the injection direction.
Study on the accidents analyses of a single channel for XADS by using MPC-LBE code
Authors: Zhang Ling , Song Tianxin , Gu Zhixing , Dai Jianing , Ou Wenlan , Pan Qiwen , Gong Zhengyu
Published: March 2023

Accelerator Driven sub-critical System (ADS), which employs the high-energy proton beam generated by accelerator to bombard the target nucleus and generate spallation neutrons as external neutrons to drive and maintain the operation of its sub-critical reactor, is of great significance in nuclear waste treatment and disposal. As the instability of proton beam would affect the power level of the reactor and threaten the safety of ADS, Beam Trip (BT) and Beam OverPower (BOP) are commonly considered to be its two typical transient accidents. As for the sub-critical reactor, the Transient OverPower (TOP) is also one of typical transient accidents that should be considered, which is mainly caused by reactivity insertion under certain cases, such as SGTR (Steam Generator Tube Rupture) accident. For the subcritical reactors, the transient evolution behaviors are strongly affected by the subcriticality value. On the one hand, the subcriticality values of ADS design should take safety margin and power gain into consideration. On the other hand, the subcriticality value is variable with the burnup of reactors. So it is necessary to study the safety characteristics of the subcritical reactors under different subcriticality values, in this paper, the transient safety characteristics of a single channel for XADS under BT, BOP and TOP accidents of different subcriticality values were investigated by using MPC-LBE code.
Endogenous Inflammatory Mediators Produced by Injury Activate TRPV1 and TRPA1 Nociceptors to Induce Sexually Dimorphic Cold Pain That Is Dependent on TRPM8 and GFRα3
Authors: Yang Chenyu , Yamaki Shanni , Jung Tyler , Kim Brian , Huyhn Ryan , McKemy David D.
Published: March 2023

The detection of environmental temperatures is critical for survival, yet inappropriate responses to thermal stimuli can have a negative impact on overall health. The physiological effect of cold is distinct among somatosensory modalities in that it is soothing and analgesic, but also agonizing in the context of tissue damage. Inflammatory mediators produced during injury activate nociceptors to release neuropeptides, such as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P, inducing neurogenic inflammation, which further exasperates pain. Many inflammatory mediators induce sensitization to heat and mechanical stimuli but, conversely, inhibit cold responsiveness, and the identity of molecules inducing cold pain peripherally is enigmatic, as are the cellular and molecular mechanisms altering cold sensitivity. Here, we asked whether inflammatory mediators that induce neurogenic inflammation via the nociceptive ion channels TRPV1 (vanilloid subfamily of transient receptor potential channel) and TRPA1 (transient receptor potential ankyrin 1) lead to cold pain in mice. Specifically, we tested cold sensitivity in mice after intraplantar injection of lysophosphatidic acid or 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, finding that each induces cold pain that is dependent on the cold-gated channel transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8). Inhibition of CGRP, substance P, or toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling attenuates this phenotype, and each neuropeptide produces TRPM8-dependent cold pain directly. Further, the inhibition of CGRP or TLR4 signaling alleviates cold allodynia differentially by sex. Last, cold pain induced by both inflammatory mediators and neuropeptides requires TRPM8, as well as the neurotrophin artemin and its receptor GDNF receptor α3 (GFRα3). These results are consistent with artemin-induced cold allodynia requiring TRPM8, demonstrating that neurogenic inflammation alters cold sensitivity via localized artemin release that induces cold pain via GFRα3 and TRPM8.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe cellular and molecular mechanisms that generate pain are complex with a diverse array of pain-producing molecules generated during injury that act to sensitize peripheral sensory neurons, thereby inducing pain. Here we identify a specific neuroinflammatory pathway involving the ion channel TRPM8 (transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8) and the neurotrophin receptor GFRα3 (GDNF receptor α3) that leads to cold pain, providing select targets for potential therapies for this pain modality.
The Cytidine N-Acetyltransferase NAT10 Participates in Peripheral Nerve Injury-Induced Neuropathic Pain by Stabilizing SYT9 Expression in Primary Sensory Neurons
Authors: Zhang Ming , Yang Kehui , Wang Qi-Hui , Xie Ling , Liu Qiaoqiao , Wei Runa , Tao Yang , Zheng Hong-Li , Lin Ninghua , Xu Hengjun , Yang Li , Wang Hongjun , Zhang Tingruo , Xue Zhouya , Cao Jun-Li , Pan Zhiqiang
Published: March 2023

RNA N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) modification is increasingly recognized as an important layer of gene regulation; however, the involvement of ac4C in pain regulation has not been studied. Here, we report that N-acetyltransferase 10 protein (NAT10; the only known ac4C “writer”) contributes to the induction and development of neuropathic pain in an ac4C-dependent manner. Peripheral nerve injury increases the levels of NAT10 expression and overall ac4C in injured dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). This upregulation is triggered by the activation of upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1), a transcription factor that binds to theNat10promoter. Knock-down or genetic deletion of NAT10 in the DRG abolishes the gain of ac4C sites inSyt9mRNA and the augmentation of SYT9 protein, resulting in a marked antinociceptive effect in nerve-injured male mice. Conversely, mimicking NAT10 upregulation in the absence of injury evokes the elevation ofSyt9ac4C and SYT9 protein and induces the genesis of neuropathic-pain-like behaviors. These findings demonstrate that USF1-governed NAT10 regulates neuropathic pain by targetingSyt9ac4C in peripheral nociceptive sensory neurons. Our findings establish NAT10 as a critical endogenous initiator of nociceptive behavior and a promising new target for treating neuropathic pain.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe cytidine N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C), a new epigenetic RNA modification, is crucial for the translation and stability of mRNA, but its role for chronic pain remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) acts as ac4C N-acetyltransferase and plays an important role in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. NAT10 was upregulated via the activation of the transcription factor upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) in the injured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) after peripheral nerve injury. Since pharmacological or genetic deleting NAT10 in the DRG attenuated the nerve injury-induced nociceptive hypersensitivities partially through suppressingSyt9mRNA ac4C and stabilizing SYT9 protein level, NAT10 may serve as an effective and novel therapeutic target for neuropathic pain.