bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Salários reais e níveis de emprego: o contraponto Sraffiano
Authors: Rech Lucas Trentin , Caffe Ricardo Antônio Dantas
Published: November 2016

Partindo de uma análise dos pressupostos arraigados na afirmação corrente do mainstream econômico, de que os níveis de salário afetam negativamente os níveis de emprego, foi possível encontrar similaridades entre as teorias salariais de Friedman e Keynes. Além disso, demonstrando a incapacidade da ocorrência de um equilíbrio de fatores - na acepção neoclássica do termo - no mercado de trabalho, este artigo introduz os conceitos de retroca (reswitching) e reversão da intensidade de capital, presentes na obra do italiano Piero Sraffa. Através da análise da obra de Sraffa demonstrou-se a compatibilidade entre as teorias do valor de Marx e Sraffa, afigurando-se a teoria de Sraffa como uma continuação (mesmo que não totalitária) da teoria marxiana e não como sua negação. Conclui-se que na nova etapa do capitalismo, onde o papel dos bancos não pode ser ignorado, a determinação dos salários, como componente da luta de classes, está associada à determinação exógena da taxa de juros através do poder dos conglomerados financeiros.Palavras-Chave: Teoria Salarial; Sraffa; Finanças; Teoria do Valor-Trabalho; Retroca.
Criminological Analysis of Terrorism
Authors: Kukhianidze Lasha
Published: November 2016

This article discusses the terrorism origin history, its types and forms, prevention issues and analysis of its concept from the historical and criminological aspects. The classification of the main features and elements of the terrorism is set out. The terrorism structure and methods of commitment of criminal acts are studied.
Public Private Partnership in the Provision of Health Services for the Millennium Development Goals: The Imperative Need for Optimizing the Public-Private Mix
Authors: Asogwa Maximus N. O. , Odoziobodo Severus I.
Published: November 2016

Nigeria, with its large public sector, equally has an extensive wellestablished private sector; even with the ravages of the recent economic crisis. Both sectors play complementary and important roles as providers of expertise and as implementing agencies. Public-Private Partnership (PPP), the paper posits, is therefore an effort where the government of Nigeria provides the minimum standards required for coordinated collaboration with private sector, in the case of this study, the health sector. Notwithstanding various investment efforts from the public and private sectors into the Nigeria health economy, the performance of the national health system remains deplorable. The paper believes that the declining resource allocation to health, increasing costs and the breakdown in the public health facilities, make the achievement of health-related MDGs’, Millennium Development Goals’, (now SDGs, Sustainable Development Goals’) targets difficult. It is on the basis of this that the study, examines the pattern and scope of existing collaborations, including the nature, distribution of stakeholders in the sector and the characteristics of PPP in the health sector. It also examines the challenges, options and potentials for future partnership. These are examined within the strategic framework of MDGs and suggestions are made on how to overcome the challenges of public-private interventions to ensure effective policy interventions in the current Sustainable Development Goals, SDGs.
Durabilite De L’aquaculture Dans La Zone Rurale De La Lagune Ébrie En Cote D’ivoire: Mise En Question
Authors: Narcisse Aboya , Felix Kouadio Nanan Kouame , Dogbo Koudou
Published: November 2016

The space Ébrié lagoon borders the cities of Abidjan, Bingerville, Dabou and Jacqueville. Little influenced by the sea, the lagoon is a suitable area for livestock breeding fish. The scarcity of the resource has led the residents to be converting in aquaculture. It is a extensive aquaculture are of modern practices and so-called traditional family. Despite the willingness of the few actors of this rural area, this activity is under the pressure from unfavorable natural factors, restrictions imposed by Ébrié villagers to occupy a portion of the lagoon and the pollution of anthropogenic activities. The development of aquaculture is under the influence of the dredge lagoon funds and numerous solid waste produced by man. The study used bathymetric maps to locate and identify the areas and depths of aquaculture farms. Forms of degradation, water pollution have been obtained by field observations and photographs, while the surface operated by the dredge was measured with a measuring tape values were determined using the formula mathematics for calculating the area of a geometric figure (circle, rectangle, etc.). The effects of natural factors and human activities have been examined by administering a questionnaire to approximately fifty actors chosen at random. Focus group discussions were held between men and women in order to supplement the information obtained from the survey questionnaire. The study showed that only sectors Bingerville and Jacqueville practicing aquaculture. The size of the fish farms is based on the financial capacity of the owner. This activity demonstrates the introduction of an integrated management of the lagoon for sustainable aquaculture.
Cartographie De L’état Du Couvert Végétal Du Nord De La Côte D’ivoire À Partir D’images Satellites: Exemple De La Zone De Korhogo
Authors: StéphaneKoff Avy , Fora Abderrahman Ait , Elbelrhiti Hicham
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study is to determine the state of the vegetation cover in the region of Korhogo through remote sensing. Nowadays, the problem of desertification in the Sahel is serious. This could be explained by the phenomenon of climate change. We want to map the state of the vegetation cover in the study area. This study therefore focuses on the state of the vegetation cover in the region of Korhogo in northern Côte d’Ivoire. We will use one Landsat satellite image from December 16th 2000 and proceed with image processing. Processing techniques by the normalized difference vegetation index, the index armor and colorful composition 472. After these treatments in our pictures, we observe the behavior of vegetation. We can then get an overview of the vegetation in this area.
Conscience Ecologique Et Developpement Durable: Constat Et Défis
Authors: Ludovic EHOUMA Koffi , Hendersonn N’GUESSAN Kouamé
Published: November 2016

The efficient environmental management is a real problem for sustainable development in our countries. From observations, it appears that the destruction of environmental cover is linked to economic growth and a backward thinking that harm the environmental health. To remedy this, an awareness and a profound reform based on an ecological education is needed. This reflection aims at making a contribution to the understanding and promotion of a real policy on environmental health following the development by Edgar Morin.
Lixiviats Issus De La Décharge Publique De La Ville De Meknès: Calcul Et Résultat Du Bilan Hydrique
Authors: Hicham Lekehal , Aziz Bouchelta , Brahim Benzougagh , Khalid Mimich
Published: November 2016

The leachate issued from the garbage dumps of the city of Meknes represents a great environmental threat as they are neither recovered nor treated before their discharge into the natural environment, thus constituting an important source of pollution to the water of the Boufekrane’s river and neighboring agricultural land to the dump. Thus is the need to quantify the rate of this type of effluent: in order to offer technical and economic solutions to its treatment or disposal. The amount of waste arriving at the dump is estimated to 554 tons per day in 2015 with 40% average moisture content and a loss of water in the percolate from 5 to 10%, thus the amount of water supplied by the waste is estimated at 88.8 m3 per day. The volume of runoff water from the inside of the dump to the outside is estimated to be 38 m3 per day while the volume from outside to inside is null or negligible given the topography. The infiltration in soil is negligible because the floor of the dump consists of lithological marl Miocene formations, rendering the dump waterproof. The area, consisting of 17 hectares, receives an effective average rainfall of 475 mm / year, producing a volume of 80750 m3 / year, equivalent to 221 m3 / day. The total volume of leachate is about 271 m3 per day.
Leadership, Learning Organization and Job Satisfaction in Ghanaian Telecommunications Companies
Authors: Nyukoron Remy
Published: November 2016

This survey aims to explore the relationship between leadership and learning organization dimensions on employee job satisfaction. The sample involved staff working in the top telecom companies operating in Ghana. Data were gathered utilizing a structured questionnaire; a total of 700 questionnaires were distributed and 500 valid responses were returned. The data were processed using exploratory factor analysis as well as multiple linear regression. The study findings revealed a positive impact of interactive learning organization building blocks on employee job satisfaction. The results also indicated leadership behaviors to cause significant positive impact on learning organizations. With the growing number of knowledge workers in Ghana, it is not possible for business executives to satisfy the demands of employees through conventional leadership. Rather, business executives need to enhance their own skills in transformational leadership, setting a good example, encouraging continuous learning and innovative activities, developing the potentials of their employees, providing training and education and offering monetary incentives, as these are necessary to keep people with excellent talents. Thus, this study effort, for the first time, raises the awareness of Ghanaian business organizations of the effect of leadership and learning organization practices on job satisfaction.
Les entreprises marocaines et le développement durable: défis et enjeux. Illustration par le cas de l’OCP (site de Youssoufia)
Authors: Zammar Rachid , Abdelbaki Noureddine
Published: November 2016

This article analyzes the challenges that the Moroccan companies namely Morocco's Office Cherifien of Phosphate (OCP) in the Youssoufia site have to address in order to move towards sustainable development. It examines the necessary strategies for the implementation of such an approach and highlights the issues necessary for such a vision. It aims to answer the following question: what is the impact of the projects introduced by the OCP on the development of the city of Youssoufia? The research is based on a qualitative study conducted with some group leaders and directors of public institutions in the city of Youssoufia through semi-structured interviews. The main results of the evaluation are as follows: -at the environmental level: though the group has carried out several projects they do not help improve air quality nor reduce urban sprawl; - at the social level: the group has conducted several civic actions that are limited in time and do not help those who really need help. However, funding for associations' activities remains reserved and unsustainable, many unfulfilled commitments as the schools that have no adequate water facilities.
Conflits d’usage des petits barrages pastoraux à Ferkessédougou, Nord de la Côte d’Ivoire: la difficile sédentarisation des éleveurs Peuls
Authors: YOMAN Michaël N’goh Koffi , OURA Raphaël Kouadio , DJAKO Arsène
Published: November 2016

n the mid 1970s, the Ivorian State developed a great project of pastoral hydraulic construction to settle and reduce conflicts between breeders and farmers in the North of the country. More than 300 small dams were then built, among them 20 in the department of Ferkessedougou. However, today the small dams banks are gradually colonized by garden crops. This state of affairs prevents the livestock to get access to water places and creates conflicts between the users due to the damage caused by the animals to crops. This article analyzes the conflicts about the use of small dams that hinder the settlement of Peul breeders in the department of Ferkessedougou. Some questionnaire surveys about 19 small dams were conducted from 2014 to 2015 next to 58 senoufo breeders, 55 gardeners, 36 peul breeders and 65 herdsmen. Moreover, the members of various small dam management committees, village committees for conflict resolution and the administrative authorities were interviewed in conducting the surveys to obtain qualitative data.
Effets Des Risques Climatiques Sur La Production Vivriere Dans La Commue De Lokossa (Benin)
Authors: BAMAHOSSOVI Christian , DJESSONOU Franco-Néo S. C. , AKINDELE Akibou A. , OGOUWALE Euloge
Published: November 2016

The present study is a contribution to a better knowledge of the effects of the climatic risks on agriculture in the Commune of Lokossa. The analysis of the climatological data (heights of rains and temperature) of the ASECNA (1973-2012) made it possible to determine the climatic risks. That of the agricultural data (1995-2012) made it possible to study the evolution of the agricultural outputs. Socio-anthropological information made it possible to apprehend the incidences of the climatic risks. By the results obtained show that the floods (97 % of surveyed) and the drynesses (88 % of surveyed) are the major climatic risks and recurring of the Commune of Lokossa. They appear through the delay in the starting of the rains, the insufficiency heights of rain due to the recurring ruptures of the precipitations recorded during rainy seasons as well as the lengthening of the dry seasons (99 % of surveyed). Supervening of the aforesaid risks generated floods of the fields and fading of the cultures (79 % of surveyed) and caused during fifteen last years of the falls of the agricultural productions (15 % Zea mays, 20 % Vigna unguiculata, 17 % Arrachis hypogea).
GLOBAL WARMING: Natural Science versus Social Sciences Issues
Authors: Lane Jan-Erik
Published: November 2016

It is true that climate change and its implications are given much more attention now, after the COP21 Agreement in Paris. There are almost weekly conferences about global warming and the debate is intense all over the globe. This is a positive, but one must point out the exclusive focus upon natural science and technological issues, which actually bypasses the thorny problems of international governance and the coordination of states. The social science aspects of global warming policy-making will be pointed out in this article. This is a problematic by itself that reduces the likelihood of successful implementation of the goals of the COP21 Agreement (Goal I, Goal II and Goal III in global decarbonistion).
Light Supremacy vis-à-vis Non-White Immigrants as Racism in the 21st Century: A Question of Color
Authors: Hall Ronald E.
Published: November 2016

Racism focuses attention upon African-Americans assumed victimized by Euro-Americans as an outcome of White supremacy. The recent trend in immigration by light-skinned non-White immigrants sustains racism via light supremacy. Distinct from racism per se White supremacy is contingent upon race, racism per light supremacy is contingent upon skin color. Demonstration of light supremacy is referenced in civil litigation and government hate crime statistical data. The most dramatic illustration of light supremacy as racism is referred to as “brown racism.” As suggested by Washington, brown racism is perpetrated by Mestizos, Chinese, Filipinos and South Asians against dark-skinned, persons particularly AfricanAmericans. Considering definition light supremacy is a product of White supremacy attributed to the aftermath of European conquest and/or domination. Lacking acknowledgement of light supremacy as a product of White supremacy will then sustain racism well into the 21st century and beyond if not immediately and effectively challenged by the Sociology academy.
Inmate Partner Violence Through Social Networks
Authors: Martinez-Lanz Patricia , Cazares Paulina Alanis , Kuri Nathalie Aziz , Huerta Michelle Duran , Araiza Ana Leticia Perez , Valdez Patricia Hernandez
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this research was to analyze the relationship between dating violence and the social media. A sample of 400 university students from both private and public institutions of Mexico City was selected. From these sample, 46.6% were men and 52.4% women, with an age range of 16-29. Two scales were used to evaluate, the first one corresponds to violence in dating and the second scale to violence in dating through social media. Both instruments are Likert scale with response options ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. A pilot test was used to evaluate the usefulness of the instrument and its validness and reliability. Statistical analysis of Chronback alpha and factor analysis of the scales were used. In the reliability analysis appropriate values for both scales were obtained, which means that there was an appropriate relationship between the reagents with the scales proposed in general. To analyze the relationship between intimate partner violence and intimate partner violence on social media crosstabs were performed with analysis chi square, the results showed significant differences between dating violence and intimate partner violence on social media on significance levels. Thus, the relationship between intimate partner violence and intimate partner violence on social media showed that in a low (high) level of violence there is also a low (high) level of violence in social media likewise in a severe level of intimate partner violence the level of violence involving social media is also severe.
Propiedades Fisicoquímicas De Suelos Cultivados Con Asparagus Officinalis En La Región Árida Del Noroeste De México
Authors: Vázquez Rosa A. , Cota Luis Manuel Lozano , Arce Lamberto Castro , García Ramona Icedo , Arias-T, Beatriz E. , Rueda-Puente Edgar Omar
Published: November 2016

In the agriculture of arid zones, the inadequate soil management has generated changes in their quality and sustainability, affecting the structure and physicochemical conditions which reduce crop yields; based on the above, is consider as a vital importance the analyses of soil and plants because they provide information, current and accurate, which can be useful to take decisions in relation to soil fertility and plant nutrition. The inappropriate handling and amount of fertilizers in asparagus in the arid region of the Northwest of Mexico, has caused low yields. The aim of this study consisted to analyze soil in seven of the thirteen sub regions of the agricultural coast of Caborca, Sonora, where the asparagus crop has been planted for more than 10 years. The analyzes performed were: percentage of saturation, pH, electrical conductivity (CE), soil texture Nitrogen (NO3), P, K, Na, Ca, Mg and cation exchange capacity. The results showed high levels of Nitrogen and Potassium in almost all the studied sites; on contrary Phosphorus, Calcium and Magnesium, presented values below of the recommended and Electrical conductivity above 5.5. mmhos/ cm. The integration of this information allows appropriate technical advice, to achieve the balance of nutrients, such as to avoid unnecessary costs in fertilizers that the plant might can not take, in addition to the resulting contamination of soil to leach these products.
Itineraires Therapeutiques Pluriels Et Recours Tardif Des Malades De L’ulcere De Buruli Dans Les Centres De Prise En Charge Dans Le District Sanitaire De Yamoussoukro (Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Abel Adjet A. , Lucien Adou D. , Konan Danièle O.
Published: November 2016

Buruli ulcer is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. It begins with a lump, swelling, skin plate and progresses to severe ulceration and disabling sequelae . For over a decade, it is a real public health problem in Côte d'Ivoire. The institutions responsible for the fight against this disease advocate for patients in endemic areas early case detection and immediate recourse to specialized care centers. Despite this recommendation, the therapeutic itinerary of patients is multimodal. This study aims to analyze the therapeutic itinerary plural sick of Buruli ulcer and to determine the factors that justify the paradoxes and contradictions between state recommendations and behaviors of patients. It took place in three support centers in the health district of yamoussoukro. In a qualitative approach, with observation checklists, interview guides, this study was conducted with 50 patients, 18 healers in the care center and 4 traditional healers. Patients rely successively, alternatively or additionally to the African medicine and care center. Traditional medicine is the first therapeutic choice for most patients. The proximity of traditional healer, cultural beliefs and representations related to the disease, the constraints of hospitalization, ignorance of the disease make account plural therapeutic itineraries sick of Buruli ulcer.The patients do not adhere to early detection and immediate access to health care centers. Free medical care for Buruli ulcer is fraught with difficulties because of patient behaviors. The hospital management does not consider the social environment of patients and the relationship between the disease and culture that influence the therapeutic itinerary of patients.
Mathematics, Physics, and Plants: A Case Study of Fibonacci Series
Authors: Marciak-Kozlowska Janina , Kozlowski Miroslaw
Published: November 2016

There were eras where an educated man could only live up to his standard if he was a poet and a philosopher at the same time, or an experimental or a mathematical researcher. I argue that it is time to return back and look into the areas of physics, mathematics, and botany from different perspective of Fibonacci series
Crecimiento Y Partición De Biomasa De Dos Cultivares De Maní (Arachis hypogaea L.) En Distintas Fechas De Siembra En Río Cuarto, Córdoba (Argentina)
Authors: Morla Federico D. , Giayetto Oscar , Cerioni Guillermo A. , Fernandez Elena M.
Published: November 2016

Crop management practices like the choice of sowing date and of the cultivar modify and affect the environmental conditions of radiation and temperature in which peanut crop grows and develops. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect that three contrasting sowing dates (SD) had on the growth and partition of biomass of two peanut cultivars of different cycle length; in the peanut-region of Rio Cuarto, Córdoba (Argentina). The experiment was conducted under field circumstances, without restrictions in water, nutrition or sanitary conditions during 2009/10 and 2010/11 growing season in the experimental field of the FAV-UNRC. On a Typical Haplustol soil with a clear light sandy texture. The Granoleico cultivars (runner type with cycle> 155 days) and Utre cultivars (cross runner x Spanish cycle of 130-140 days) were sown in early October, November and December (1st, 2nd and 3rd SD, respectively). During the growth cycle, environmental conditions were recorded, ecophysiological variables of development (phenology, thermal date) and growth (radiation interception, crop growth rate, biomass partitioning factor) of the crop were determined. At harvest, the yield components and market quality were determined, and the conditions to which the crop was exposed were analyzed. The phenological stages of peanut occurred in different environmental regimen due to variations in cycle length of the cultivars, sowing dates and the interaction between these variables. During the early SD, the duration of the cycle was longer, obtaining a greater amount of radiation as compared to the other SD. Both parameters, duration of the cycle and intercepted radiation (IPAR), decreased with late sowing. By delaying the SD, the crop growth rate (CGR) is greater during the initial periods of the crop cycle; an anticipation in the moment of maximum CGR can be seen, changes that occur in response to increased temperature and incident radiation (PAR), reflected in the pattern of biomass production and partition to the different plant organs. The combination of the SD and the length cycle of the cultivars affected the location of the critical period of definition of the yield components and the amount of radiation obtained by the crop. Particularly, the weight of ripe pod and grains was affected, which decreased by delaying the SD, with similar behavior in both cultivars and years of study. As a result, the pod yield and market quality is reduced with the delay of sowing date in both cultivars.
Flow Cytometry of Breast Cancer Resistant Protein and microRNA in Breast Cancer Patients Post Metformin Effect
Authors: Mohammed Bassent Gamal Abdel Nasser , Mawla Ashour Abdel Salam Abdel , Zaki Sameh Ibrahim , Atteya Mohamed Atteya Saad
Published: November 2016

The goal of the present study is to investigate the role of metformin (MF) as a target of miRNAs in breast cancer resistant protein (BCRP) inhibition in an attempt to develop treatment strategies that may improve the response of breast cancer (BC) patients to chemotherapy (CT). In order to fulfill this target, non-diabetic female subjects were categorized into three groups: control group (group 1) (n=5), CT group of BC patients (group 2) (n=25) and CT plus MF group of BC patients (group 3) (n=25). All patients were subjected to full history taking, laboratory studies including mammogram, chest X-ray, pelvic-abdominal ultrasound and isotopic bone scan, in addition to ER and PR states. CT group was treated with neoadjuvent CT in the form of 5-FU (500 mg/m2), Adriamycin (50 mg/m2) and cyclophosphamide (500 mg/m2). Flow cytometry (FC) of BCRP and MiRNA was carried out on blood samples at every cycle of treatment for all partners. The results showed the presence of miRNA was higher than the presence of BCRP in the normal healthy control group. In most cases of CT and CT plus MF groups (group 2, 3) it was well noticed that the amount of BCRP in the blood samples exceeded that of miRNA illustrated the dysregulation of miRNA in BC patients and also to prove the basic role of BCRP as a multidrug resistance (MDR) for chemotherapeutic agents in patients with BC. It is concluded that the role of MF was well proved in targeting of miRNA to reinforce BC medication, so oncologists can be advised to use MF equivalent to CT in the recommended doses.
Interface-Driven Software Requirements Analysis
Authors: Ahmad Rais Aziz
Published: November 2016

Software requirements are one of the root causes of failure for IT software development projects. Reasons for this may be that the requirements are high-level, many might simply be wishes, or frequently changed, or they might be unclear, missing, for example, goals, objectives, strategies, and so on. Another major reason for projects’ failure may also be the use of improper techniques for software requirements specification. Currently, most IT software development projects utilise textual techniques like use cases, user stories, scenarios, and features for software requirements elicitation, analysis and specification. While IT software development processes can construct software in different programming languages, the primary focus here will be those IT projects using object-oriented programming languages. Object-oriented programming itself has several characteristics worth noting, such as its popularity, reusability, modularity, concurrency, abstraction and encapsulation. Object-oriented analysis and design transforms software requirements gathered with textual techniques into object-oriented programming. This transformation can cause complexity in identifying objects, classes and interfaces, which, in turn, complicates the object-oriented analysis and design. Because requirements can change over the course of a project and, likewise, software design can evolve during software construction, the traceability of software requirements with objects and components can become difficult. Apart from leading to project complexity, such a process can impact software quality and, in the worst-case scenario, cause the project to fail entirely. The goal of this article is to provide interface-driven techniques that will reduce ambiguity among software requirements, improve traceability and simplify software requirements modelling.
Live Human Detecting Robot for Earthquake Rescue Operation
Authors:   Assistant Professor,Electrical &Electronics Engineering,Bharath university, Mr S.P Vijayaragavan , Sharma Hardeep Pal ,   Electrical &Electronics Engineering,Bharath University, sekar.C.H Guna ,   Electrical &Electronics Engineering,Bharath University, Kumar S.Adithya ,   Electrical &Electronics Engineering,Bharath University
Published: November 2016

Natural calamities do occur and they are unstoppable. But humans are becoming increasingly aware in the concept of intelligent rescue operations in such calamities so that precious life and material can be saved though calamities cannot be stopped. Still there are lots of disasters that occur all of a sudden and Earthquake is one such thing. Earthquakes produce a devastating effect and they see no difference between human and material. Hence a lot of times humans are buried among the debris and it become impossible to detect them. A timely rescue can only save the people who are buried and wounded.Detection by rescue workers becomes time consuming and due to the vast area that gets affected it becomes more difficult. So the project proposes an autonomous robotic vehicle that moves in the earthquake prone area and helps in identifying the alive people and rescue operations.
Reshuffling the Risk Factors of Severe Early Childhood Caries
Authors: Kabil Noha , Eltaweil Sherif
Published: November 2016

Severe early childhood caries remains the most common chronic disease affecting children. Its multifactorial etiology has established a controversy about which risk factors were more significant to its development. Therefore our study aimed through meticulous statistical analysis to arrange the “well agreed upon” common risk factors in order of significance, to aid the clinician in tailoring an adequate preventive program for this affected age group. The study reshuffled the risk factors contributing to severe early childhood caries and placed them in the order of their significance as follows: snacking of sugary food several times a day, increased number of siblings to 3 or more, night feeding, child self-employed brushing, mother caries experience, 2 siblings, on demand feeding, once/day sugary food, sharing utensils, 1 Sibling, male gender, father’s education, late first child dental visit, brushing time, mother’s education, no dental visit, decreased brushing frequency & no night brushing.
Mixing Time—Experimental Determination and Applications to the Modelling of Crystallisation Phenomena
Authors: Nikolić Dragan D. , Cogoni Giuseppe , Frawley Patrick
Published: November 2016

Performing optimisation and scale-up studies of crystallisation systems requires accurate and computationally efficient mathematical models. The assumption of the ideal mixing conditions in batch reactors typically produce inaccurate results while the computational expense of CFD models is still prohibitively high. Therefore, in this work, a new intermediary approach is proposed that takes into account the non-ideal mixing conditions in the reactor and requires less computational resources than full CFD simulations. Starting with the Danckwerts concept of the intensity of segregation, an analogy between its application to chemical reactions and the kinetics of the crystallisation phenomena (such as nucleation and growth) has been made. As a result, the modified kinetics expressions have been derived which incorporate the effect of non-idealities present in stirred reactors. This way, based on the experimental measurements of the mixing time using the Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) technique, computationally more efficient mathematical models can be developed in two ways: (1) the accurate semi-empirical correlations are available for standard mixing configurations with the most often used types of impellers, (2) CFD simulations can be utilised for estimation of the mixing time; in this case it is necessary to simulate only the mixing process. The benefits offered by the LIF experimental technique have been demonstrated and some frequent problems in its application analysed. The mixing time results for configurations with and without baffles for three types of impellers and four different rotational speeds have been presented. The false shorter mixing times in the non-baffled configurations have been observed and this phenomena explained by the existence of two segregated zones in the reactor and confirmed by additional experiments. The precise measurements in these cases have been shown as difficult using the LIF technique, particularly for higher rpms. The experimental data has been compared to the preliminary simulation results obtained from the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method and the standard k-ε turbulence model with the modest success. The shortcomings of the SPH model have been recognized and the directions for the future work discussed.
PENGARUH LAJU ALIR LPG (SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR BURNER) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK NANOKOMPOSIT ZnO/Fe2O3 YANG DIBUAT MENGGUNAKAN FLAME SPRAY PYROLISIS
Authors: Purwanto Agus , Jumari Arif , Distantina Sperisa
Published: November 2016

Abstract: Biodiesel is produced through catalytic esterification process of vegetable oil and alcohol. Producing of biodiesel was much carried out using homogeneous catalyst (acid/base). These process had many disanvantages: high energy consumption, side product formed and complicated separation among side product and catalyst. ZnO as transesterification catalyst has given high yield. To improve the catalytic performance, surface area per mas of catalyst must be increased by decreasing size of particle. To ease separation between product and catalyst, magnetic behaviour should be added to the catalyst. Aims of research were to obtain nanocomposite ZnO/Fe2O3   and  determine  physical characteristic as  well  as  catalytic  and separation performance of nanocomposite ZnO/Fe2O3. Nanocomposite ZnO/Fe2O3  was synthesized by flame spray pyrolysis method. Assisted by carrier air precursor solution of Zn(NO3)2  and Fe(NO3)3  was nebulized and flowed to inner tube of burner. Nebulasation was carried out by varying carrier gas flow rate but at constant rate of nebulization. LPG gas dan oxidant air were flowed to the inner annulus and outer annulus, respectively. The solid produced was separated from gas by particle filter. Solid particle obtained was then examined by X Ray Defraction (XRD), FE-SEM and BET as wel as catalytic performance. The result of the research showed that crystalinity of particles increased by increasing LPG flow rate. Particle size of ZnO/Fe2O3  nanocomposite decreased by increasing LPG flow rate and size were dominantly between  50-100  nm.  A  part  of  particle was  flowerlike particle.  Specific  surface area    of ZnO/Fe2O3 nanocomposite increased by increasing LPG flow rate and its value were between 45-55 m2/gram.

 Keywords: Tran-esterification, nanocomposite ZnO/Fe2O3,  flame spray pyrolysis,   carrier gas, particle size, morphology of particle, specific surface area
UNJUK KERJA DAN EFISIENSI IPAL INDUSTRI BATIK CETAK DI MAKAMHAJI, SUKOHARJO DENGAN PROSES BAR SCREEN, SEDIMENTASI, DAN PROSES KOAGULASI-FLOKULASI TERHADAP PENURUNAN PARAMETER COD, BOD DAN LOGAM BERAT Cr
Authors: Muljadi Muljadi
Published: November 2016

Abstract: Batik industry in general is equipped with the Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) used for wastewater treatment in order not to endanger the environment. Printed batik industry in Makamhaji, Sukoharjo equipped Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) with the bar screen, sedimentation and coagulation-flocculation for wastewater treatment in the process is simple and economical to manufacture.The research objective was to determine the magnitude of performance and efficiency of industrial WWTP batik print with the bar screen, sedimentation, and the process of coagulation - flocculation of the reduction parameters COD, BOD and heavy metals Cr. The method used is an experimental method is to perform experiments on WWTP wastewater treatment industry in the village batik print Butulan Makamhaji Sukoharjo district.Of research that has been made known that the greater efficiency resulting from the units of the performance of the unit means that the better. And obtain maximum efficiency of the reduction parameters of COD, BOD is the bar screen unit for 37.61% and 27.22%. As for the maximum efficiency of the reduction of Cr metal pollutant parameters are in units of coagulation-flocculation of 23.66%.

 Keywords: COD, BOD, heavy metals chromium, Efficiency WWTP, WWTP Performance
EKSTRAKSI SENYAWA BRAZILIN DARI KAYU SECANG (CAESALPINIA SAPPAN LINN) SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU ALTERNATIF UNTUK ZAT WARNA ALAMI
Authors: Mastuti Endang
Published: November 2016

Abstract: Caesalpinia sappan Linn is one  of natural pigments resources for foods that produce a red pigment called brazilin. Dye brazilin obtained through solvent extraction process using water. The study aims to determine the optimum conditions for extraction of the dye brazilin with variable ratio of specimen’s, temperature,  agitation rate and determine the mass transfer coefficient (kca). Content of the dye brazilin from 10,1% g wood cup powdered dye / g dry wood cup obtained by using Soxhlet extraction. Determination of optimum conditions of extraction is done by using a three-neck flask for 100 minutes and sampling every 10 minutes. This study were obtained under optimum conditions of extraction of dye brazilin on the ratio of 9 g: 300 ml of solvent, the temperature of 100oC and agitation rate of  400 rpm.

 
Keywords: extraction, brazilin, ratio of specimen’s, temperature, and agitation rate
EKSTRAKSI OLEORESIN DARI RIMPANG JAHE DAN BIJI PALA MENGGUNAKAN MICROWAVE
Authors: Danarto Yohanes Calasanctius
Published: November 2016

Abstract: Oleoresin is one of refined products from ginger and nutmeg, and also one of the high economic export commodities compared to other processed products. Oleoresin produced through conventional extraction process using organic solvent for about 2 hours. Microwave as one of the heater is expected to be another alternative. This study aimed to determine the effect of power (watts) and time to yield and to compare the yield between the conventional process and microwave process at the same time. The result showed that the yield of oleoresin produced by microwave extraction process is greater than the conventional extraction and meet established quality criteria. The optimum yield of ginger oleoresin was obtained at 200 watts power and 25 minutes. While the optimum yield of nutmeg oleoresin was obtained at 300 watts power and 15 minutes.

 Keywords: ginger, nutmeg, microwave extraction, oleoresin
PERFORMA KATALIS HETEROGEN NANOKOMPOSIT ZnO/Fe2O3 UNTUK REAKSI TRANSESTERIFIKASI PADA PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK JELANTAH DENGAN TINJAUAN WAKTU REAKSI
Authors: Jumari Arif
Published: November 2016

Abstract:Biodiesel is renewable fuel sources that has similar properties with diesel fuel which isusually produced from transesterification of vegetable oil with alcohol. Transesterification can be done by homogen or heterogen catalyst. ZnO as a transesterification catalyst has given high yield. To improve the catalytic performance, the surface area per mas of catalyst must be increased by decreasing the size of particle. To ease the separation between product and catalyst, the magnetic  behaviour should be added to the catalyst. The purpose of this research was to obtain catalytic and separation performance of nanocomposite ZnO/Fe2O3. After being activated by calcination and impregnation, it was mixed with methanol and stirred in areactor and heated until 65oC. At the same time, waste cooking oil at 65oC was added into the reactor. Reaction was carrid out for 3 hours at constant temperature of 65oC. The product and the impurities were then separated. The upper layer was methyl ester, and the lower layer was glycerol. The product and catalyst were separated by magnet. The separated catalyst was collected as catalyst recovery. The glycerol was analyzed to determine the reaction convertion. Methyl ester was analyzed using GC-MS method. The result showed that the catalyst recovery decrease from 76.4% to 65.3% for 3 hours to 6 hours of reaction. The reaction conversion was 66.11% for 6 hours of reaction.

 Keywords: transesterification, nanocomposite ZnO/Fe2O3 catalyst, catalyst recovery, reaction convertion, GC-MS.
PEMBUATAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR DARI KOTORAN SAPI MENGGUNAKAN KOLOM FIXED BED SECARA KONTINYU
Authors: Paryanto Paryanto
Published: November 2016

Abstract: Nowadays, organic fertilizer is more interesting than anorganic fertilizer, because it doesn’t cause soil degradation and the crops are healthier to be consumed. Manure is the most familiar as an organic fertilizer. This study dealt with producing of liquid organic fertilizer from cow manure in fixed bed column reactor. The reactor operated at 30 oC, 40 cmHg and 19.2 mL/s of solvent flowrate. The aim of this study was to find correlation between bed height of manure in column, particle size of manure, concentration of fertilizer and volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kca). The highest of kca value was obtained at 25 cm of bed height, it was 0.0014 s-1. The result shows that bed height of manure is linier to kca. On the other hand, particle size of manure doesn’t give much influence of kca.

 Keywords: extraction, fixed bed, cow manure, liquid organic fertilizer, volumetric mass transfer coefficient
PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH BATIK CETAK DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE FILTRASI-ELEKTROLISIS UNTUK MENENTUKAN EFISIENSI PENURUNAN PARAMETER COD, BOD, DAN LOGAM BERAT (Cr)SETELAH PERLAKUAN FISIKA-KIMIA
Authors: Muljadi Muljadi
Published: November 2016

Abstract: Filtration and electrolysis methods were used to reduce waste water parameters,
especially COD, BOD and heavy metals Cr. The filtration media used was zeolite, sand, fibers,
pebbles and gravel. The electrolysis method used the cathode and anode plates. From the
experiments can be seen that the method of filtration and electrolysis can reduce COD, BOD and
heavy metals in waste water batik. The optimum reduction efficiency occurs at the thickness of
10 cm, which % reduction is 51.04% for COD, 55.01% for BOD, 73.77% for heavy metals Cr. In
the electrolysis tub, the optimum efficiency of residence time is 60 minutes, which % reduction is
64.18% for COD, 61.16% for BOD, 54.69% for heavy metals Cr.
Keywords : Filtration, electrolysis, COD, BOD, heavy metals Cr
UNJUK KERJA KATALIS HETEROGEN NANOKOMPOSIT ZnO/Fe 2 O 3 UNTUK REAKSI TRANSESTERIFIKASI PADA PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK JELANTAH DENGAN TINJAUAN WAKTU REAKSI
Authors: Jumari Arif , Purwanto Agus
Published: November 2016

Abstract: Biodiesel is renewable fuel sources that has the same properties with diesel fuel. It is
usually produced from transesterification of vegetable oil with alcohol. Transesterification can be
done by homogen or heterogen catalyst. ZnO-based heterogen catalyst can produce a high purity
biodiesel. The particle size is made into the nano size. Fe
2
O
3
was added to ZnO nanoparticle
matrix to make it easier to separate from the product. The purpose of this research was to obtain
catalytic and separation performance of nanocomposite ZnO/Fe
2
O
3
. After being activated, it was
mixed with methanol, stirred in reactor and heated until 65
C. At the same time, waste cooking
oil at 65
o
o
C was added to the reactor. Reaction was carried out for 3 hours at constant temperature
of 65
C. Then the product was separated. The top layer was methyl ester, and the bottom layer
was glycerol. The product and catalyst were separated by magnet. The separated catalyst was
collected as catalyst recovery. The glycerol was analyzed to determine the reaction convertion.
Methyl ester was analyzed using GC-MS method. The result showed that the catalyst recovery
decreased from 76,4% to 65,3% and the convertion from GC-MS was 66,11% for 6 hours.
o
Keywords: transesterification,nanocomposite ZnO/Fe
2
O
3
catalyst, catalyst recovery, reaction
convertion, GC-MS.
PEMEKATAN ETANOL DENGAN METODE STRIPPING MENGGUNAKAN GAS NITROGEN DAN UDARA
Authors: Kriswiyanti Enny
Published: November 2016

Abstract: Nowadays, the use of ethanol as an alternative fuel in Indonesia is less attractive than
fossil fuel because its price is relatively high due to the high cost of purification process. While
the fuel grade ethanol must have a very high purity. That’s why another low costed way to purify
ethanol is needed, in this research we used stripping method. The focus of this research are the
optimum conditions such as the type of stripping gas, stripping gas flow rate, and the type of
packing material. The research was conducted with a packed stripper. The variables used in this
research is the type of stripping gas (nitrogen and air), stripping gas flow rate (air : 67,5 ml/s; 90
ml/s; 112,5 ml/s and nitrogen: 61,16 ml/s; 70,02 ml/s; 92,87ml/s), the type of packing materials
(ball packing with average diameter of 1,5 cm and a 5/12 inch diameter raschig ring; average
length of 1,5 cm), while the ethanol flow rate of 29,14 ml/s and 48 cm packing height are not
changed during the process. The optimum result shown in the nitrogen gas flow rate of 77,02
ml/s with packing materials raschig ring, for 85,31%.
Keywords: ethanol, stripping, nitrogen, packed stripper
PENGARUH JENIS DAN KONSENTRASI ALKALI DALAM PEMBUATAN ENRICHED RBO (RICE BRAN OIL) PADA TAHAP AWAL PROSES ISOLASI γ-ORYZANOL
Authors: Inayati Inayati
Published: November 2016

Abstract: Rice bran oil (also known as rice bran extract) is the oil extracted from the germ and
inner husk of rice. It contains containing various kinds of essential nutrients, one of which is γoryzanol.

Usually γ-oryzanol was obtained by saponifying RBO with alkali. The non-saponified
fatty acids were separated to obtain a residue γ-oryzanol. Types of alkali compunds used in
saponification process would affect the amount of γ-oryzanol obtained. The objective of this
work was to study the effect of NaOH and KOH in saponification process. Samples of RBO
were saponified with a certain kind of alkali in a particular concentration. The soapstocks were
separated and then diluted with n-hexane. Then the samples were analyzed using GC-MS
chromatograph. Research variables were the type of alkali (NaOH and KOH) and alkali
concentration of 5 N, 4 N, 3 N, 2 N, and 1 N. The results showed that the best concentration to
produce soapstock was 5 N. Generally, in saponification process of RBO, NaOH as
saponification agent produced γ-oryzanol more than KOH. There were significant differences
between soapstock produced by NaOH and KOH. Saponification using NaOH produced solid
soaptock while soapstock produced by KOH was in paste form. Vitamin E content of the
soapstock is also higher when NaOH was used in saponification process. In conclusion, NaOH
was better used as saponification agent than KOH was the optimum concentration of 5 N of
NaOH.
Keywords: γ-oryzanol, Rice Bran Oil, RBO, saponification
A Study Mutual Fund Investors Behavior in Kerala
Authors: C Sanesh. , V Greeshma.
Published: November 2016

A mutual fund is a special type of institution, a trust or an investment company which acts as an investment intermediary and invests the savings of large number of people to the corporate securities in such a way that investors get steady returns, capital appreciation and a low risk. This article focus on investors behaviour towards mutual fund schemes is done at a general base. . These expectations of investors are influenced by their perception and humans generally relate perception to action. Investor’s behaviour may change from period to period even if the other variables influencing the behaviour are held constant. The individual investors’ decision making often relies on observable socio-demographic variables to proxy for inherent psychological processes that drive investment choices.