bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Boosting the potential of cattle breeding using molecular biology, genetics, and bioinformatics approaches – a review
Authors: Čechová Monika , Andrlíková Michaela
Published: July 2021

Cattle are among the most important farm animals that underwent an intense selection with the aim to increase milk production and to improve growth and meat properties, meanwhile reducing the generation interval allowing for a faster herd turnover. Recently, a shift from traditional breeding methods to breeding based on genetic testing has been observed. In this perspective, we review the techniques of molecular biology, genetics, and bioinformatics that are expected to further boost the agricultural potential of cattle. We discuss embryo selection based on next-generation and Nanopore sequencing and in vitro embryo production, boosting the potential of genetically superior animals. Gene editing of embryos could further speed up the selection process, essentially introducing a change in a single generation. Lastly, we discuss the host-microbiome co-evolution and adaptation. For example, cattle already adapted to low-quality low-cost fodder could be bred to achieve desired properties for the beef and dairy industry. The challenge of breeding and genetic editing is to accompany the selection on desired consumer-oriented traits with the push for sustainability and the adaptation to a changing climate while remaining economically viable. We propose that we are yet to see the limits of what is possible to achieve with modern technology for the cattle of the future; the ultimate goal will be to produce and maintain genetically elite individuals that can sustain the growing demands on the production.
Proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis in a case of chronic proliferative osteoarthritis in the horse – a case report
Authors: Koľvek Filip , Krisová Šárka , Žuffová Kristína , Žert Zdeněk
Published: July 2021

Proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) arthrodesis is performed commonly in horses with chronic osteoarthritis of the pastern joint or in cases of acute traumatic injury to the pastern, in which the weight-bearing bony column must be restored. Chronic osteoarthritis of the pastern joint is a frequent cause of lameness in the equine athlete and is evidenced by chronic lameness which is supported radiographically by periosteal proliferation and loss of joint space. The conventional method of joint fusion involves the opening of the joint, debridement of the joint cartilage, osteostixis of the subchondral bone plate and application of either lag screws or plate. This case report describes the successful treatment of chronic proliferative ossified osteoarthritis and periarthritis of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the front limb of two mares by performing simple percutaneous drilling destruction of the articular cartilage and stabilization with the application of three lag screws. After three years of conservative treatment with local corticosteroids, the mares exhibited non-weight-bearing lameness. Radiographs revealed extensive periarticular new bone formation over the proximal interphalangeal joint. Three 4.5 mm transcortical bone screws were placed in the lag fashion. A lower limb fiberglass cast was applied in both cases for 3 days. The antibiotic and analgesic protocol included gentamicin, penicillin, and flunixin meglumine for several days. Control radiographic examination after a period of 6 and 12 months showed reduction of the periarticular bone tissue. Both of the mares in this case study successfully returned to pleasure riding after undergoing forelimb arthrodesis.
Cultivable bacterial diversity of the canine dental plaque as a potential source of bacterial infections
Authors: Maďar Marián , Kačírová Jana , Maďari Aladár , Mucha Rastislav , Styková Eva , Nemcová Radomíra
Published: July 2021

Dental diseases are a persistent problem, not only in humans, but very often in companion animals as well. Aetiological agents of these diseases are the dental plaque bacteria. In the present study, we focused on identifying cultivable bacteria living in the dental plaque of dogs, specifically dogs suffering from the early stages of periodontal disease. Canine oral bacteria pose a risk to humans that get bitten by the dog, but they also have a zoonotic potential. Dental plaque samples were taken from five dogs of small breeds. Samples were cultured under aerobic and anaerobic conditions on several types of microbiological agars. All obtained and selected bacterial colonies were identified by PCR with universal primers for the 16S rRNA gene and the sequences of the 16S rRNA gene were compared with the sequences available in the GenBank database using BLASTn analysis. A total of 75 bacteria belonging to five phyla, predominantly to Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, were identified. The most frequent species was Pasteurella canis which was detected in all samples. In addition, representatives of the genera Actinomyces, Bacillus, Bacteroides, Corynebacterium, Frederiksenia, Fusobacterium, Haemophilus, Lactobacillus, Leucobacter, Neisseria, Ottowia, Porphyromonas, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Stenotrophomonas and Streptococcus were detected in the samples. In the present study, a broad spectrum of bacteria in dental plaque samples, including canine periodontal pathogens such as Porphyromonas gulae or Porphyromonas macacae were identified. In addition, highly pathogenic bacteria, specifically Actinomyces hordeovulneris, Bacillus circulans, and Bacteroides pyogenes, which pose a serious risk to human health, were detected in samples.
An inguinal herniation of pregnant uterus in a Standard Wirehaired Dachshund – a case report
Authors: Horňáková Ľubica , Stefanizzi Enrico , Horňák Slavomír , Ševčíková Zuzana , Figurová Mária , Kurillová Marieta , Valenčáková-Agyagosová Alexandra
Published: July 2021

A 4-year-old intact female Standard Wirehaired Dachshund dog was referred with chief complaint of inguinal mass to the Small Animal Clinic at the University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Slovakia. On physical examination, the bitch was healthy with no abnormalities other than having a non-painful and non-reducible soft tissue mass in the left inguinal region also involving the mammary gland. Ultrasonographic examination of the abdomen revealed a pregnant uterus and ultrasonography of the inguinal mass showed an organ with a lumen filled with anaechoic fluid. The diagnosis of a herniation was made and the owners decided for complete ovariohysterectomy. The left uterine horn had an incarcerated part of the inguinal hernia together with the ovary. Inside there was one macerated conceptus. The remaining part of the left uterine horn was located in the abdomen and had 2 macerated conceptuses. The bitch made an uneventful recovery from the surgery and anaesthesia with no postoperative complications and was sent home after the surgical procedure.
Determining the expression levels of circulating tumour cell markers in canine mammary tumours
Authors: Uçmak Zeynep Günay , Kahraman Özlem Timirci , Gültekin Güldal İnal , Değirmencioğlu Sevgin , Yaylım İlhan , Güvenç Kazım
Published: July 2021

Detection of the circulating tumour cells (CTC) in dogs with a mammary tumour is a useful tool to reveal the micrometastases long before metastases are recognised clinically. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), claudin 7 (CLND7) and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EPCAM) with the clinical indices and to reveal the diagnostic importance of these biomarkers in canine mammary tumours (CMTs). Peripheral blood (PB) samples were collected from 45 bitches (group MT) which had single mass with malignant epithelial tumours and 9 healthy bitches (group H). Real time PCR (rt-PCR) was performed to determine the expression levels of EGFR, CLDN7, and EPCAM. Mean values of EGFR and CLDN7 expressions were significantly higher in group MT compared to group H (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). The expression level of CLDN7 was positively correlated with EGFR and EPCAM (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). The EPCAM expression was associated with increased tumour size (P < 0.05) and EPCAM tended to decrease in the presence of skin ulceration on tumour (P = 0.05). Furthermore, expression levels of EGFR in intact dogs were significantly higher compared to spayed dogs in group MT (P < 0.01). The EGFR expression was significantly higher in the presence of metastases (P < 0.05). Also, increased EGFR was determined in grade 2 compared to grade 1 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, these results show that EGFR, CLDN7, EPCAM markers are measureable in PB and they may provide valuable information about the clinical pathophysiology of CMT.
Comparison of cryoprotective methods for histological examination of rat and porcine lung tissue
Authors: Jarošová Rea , Ondráčková Petra , Patočka Zdeněk , Sládek Zbyšek
Published: July 2021

Proper histological evaluation of lung tissue and accurate antigen detection by immunodetection techniques require histological tissue processing to preserve tissue reactivity and open alveolar spaces. In this study, we focused on testing and comparing different procedures of tissue cryopreservation. Sucrose or Tissue Tek were used with several methods of freezing samples by supercooled liquids and liquid nitrogen. Changes in tissue caused during the freezing of samples and the effect of cryoprotectants on the tissue were recorded. Rat and porcine pulmonary tissues were used in this experiment. This study aimed to optimize the process of lung cryopreservation with emphasis on enabling proper anatomical evaluation and preserving a high tissue immunoreactivity. The best results were obtained by inflating pulmonary parenchyma with a 1 : 1 mixture of O.C.T. with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) frozen in supercooled n-heptane placed on dry ice. Pulmonary tissue prepared in this way enables to perform proper histological evaluation and to detect target molecules by immunohistochemical analysis.
Plant-based and immunostimulant-enhanced diets modulate oxidative stress, immune and haematological indices in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Minářová Hana , Bláhová Lucie , Kalina Jiří , Papežíková Ivana , Mareš Jan , Kopp Radovan , Vojtek Libor , Hyršl Pavel , Reschová Stanislava , Palíková Miroslava
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three commercial diets, standard, immunostimulant-supplemented (β-glucan, vitamins C and E) and plant-based, on the degree of oxidative stress in tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Selected immune and haematological indices were measured and challenge with Aeromonas salmonicida was conducted. The plant-based diet systemically modulated all oxidative stress biomarkers (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; reduced and oxidised glutathione and their ratio) in the intestine. The ratio was elevated in all organs (liver, kidney, muscle and intestine) and an enhancement of respiratory burst and complement activity was observed even in the control fish. With the standard diet, an elevation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in the intestine and a decrease in some immune indices appeared after challenge. Less distinctive changes and the lowest mortality rate (the highest being with the plant-based feed) were obtained with immunostimulants. Increased total immunoglobulin, relative lymphocytosis and a decrease in the phagocyte count were observed. This study contributes especially by a thorough examination of oxidative stress indices in different tissues. The exact composition of these commercial diets is a trade secret; however, knowledge of their effects is extremely important for fish farmers using them; therefore, this study has a great practical impact.
A STUDY OF EXPRESSIVE WRITING SKILLS AND USE OF WRITING STRATEGIES IN ENGLISH AMONG HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Singh Sultan
Published: July 2021

The intricate nature of written expression presents a difficulty for many students. Learning english as a third language is a difficult assignment. Expressive composing abilities in english can't be procured in proper learning measures. Yet, it needs remarkable endeavors made by the student. There are some broad procedures for development recorded as hard copy abilities. Do these systems are dealt with by the student for composing tasks? To discover the response to this inquiry the current examination was performed. This paper is a review report which was directed on secondary school understudies to examine the degree of expressive abilities and utilization of composing methodologies among them. The outcomes showed that understudies are very much aware of general methodologies and utilize the systems seriously during and after the assignment when contrasted with before composing tasks.
NATIONALISM AND RASHTRIYA SWAYAMSEVAK SANGH IN THE POST-INDEPENDENCE PERIOD
Authors: Pandey Preeti
Published: July 2021

English: In the post-independence period, question marks have been put on the spirit of nationalism because everyone believes that the need of nationalism is fulfilled as soon as independence is attained.

 

Hindi : स्वातंत्र्योत्तर काल में राष्ट्रवाद की भावना पर प्रायः प्रश्नचिन्ह लगाए जाते रहे है क्योकि सबका मानना है की स्वत्रंता प्राप्त होते ही राष्ट्रवाद की आवश्कयता की पूर्ति हो जाती है।
Unsettling intimacies:Re-cognizing ecological relations with the work of Jean Clandinin
Authors: Olsvik Alexandra
Published: July 2021

For Jean Clandinin, narrative inquiry is not about being but becoming and as such posits knowledge as a continuous, non-teleological process rather than a static object. Experiential knowledge, for Clandinin, then, is intimately bound up with the vicissitudes of lived experience. If stories make meaning from experience, they open up an imaginative space through which researchers can come to understand experience as well as the knowledge that emerges from it or re-cognize such. Inquiring into experiential knowledge through narratives is valuable for research, and particularly for research that engages ecological crises, because it enables a more robust, nuanced view of life—both human and nonhuman—to emerge. Further, as Clandinin’s work reconfigures the role of the researcher, it unsettles hierarchical assumptions within the research space, allowing for collaboration, polyphonic texts, and reconfigured understandings to emerge. Clandinin’s work troubles dominant narratives about knowledge that presuppose conceptual reification and mastery. As such, narrative inquiry has the potential to support research that is interested in reconfiguring relationships between human and non-human “nature” in ways that do not necessarily fit into dominant narratives about knowledge in education. Using a framework informed by contemporary eco-criticism and trauma theory, I consider how narrative inquiry might offer reparative methods for educational research that engages ecological crises. As narrative inquiry aims to honour the particularity of experience and promote growth without assimilating plurality into an objective singularity, its methods have the capacity to provide insights into ecological relations that are critical, self-reflexive, and ethically responsive.
A call for research on soft tissue manipulation (STM) as a bone anabolic therapy
Authors: Anloague Aric , Patel Devanshi , Henderson Stephanie , Rolfs Hillary , Powell Mackenzie , Patel Sunny B , Marshall Vincent R , Wacker Bryan G , LaFave Nicole M , Young Collin M , Hum Julia M , Gries Kevin , Lowery Jonathan W
Published: July 2021

Individuals with osteoporosis, i.e., low bone mass, are at enhanced risk for fracture, disability, and death. Hospitalizations for osteoporotic fractures exceed those for heart attack, stroke, and breast cancer. Osteoporosis rates are predicted to increase due to an aging global population yet there are limited pharmacological treatment options for osteoporosis, particularly for long-term management of this chronic condition. Moreover, the drug development pipeline is relatively bereft of new strategies and drug candidates, creating an urgent need for developing new therapeutic strategies for treating osteoporosis. In this mini-review, we speculate about the potential for non-invasive soft tissue manipulation (STM) to exert anabolic effects on the skeleton that may provide therapeutic benefit for individuals with low bone mass. Our rationale is premised on work by us and others showing that STM leads to decreased levels of chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as Interleukin (IL)-3, IL-6, and IL-8) known to restrict the differentiation and/or activity of bone-forming osteoblasts. However, there are no published studies examining whether STM impacts bone mass, potentially limiting the widespread use of this non-invasive and non-pharmacological intervention in the worldwide treatment of patients with osteoporosis, individuals with low bone mass due to being bed-ridden or otherwise mobility-limited, and persons subjected to spaceflight-related bone loss.
Inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus by the Combined Treatments of Ultrasound and Nisin in Nutrient Broth and Milk
Authors: Song Yongcheng , Lu Yushuang , Bi Xiufang , Chen Liyi , Liu Lei , Che Zhenming
Published: July 2021

In this study, ultrasound (US) and nisin, applied individually or in combination (US + nisin), were investigated to determine their inactivation effect on Staphylococcus aureus in nutrient broth (NB) and milk. The inactivation of S. aureus by nisin at 0, 25 and 37°C followed “fast to slow” two‐stage kinetics, and there was no significant difference in S. aureus reduction under these temperatures. A maximum reduction of 1.40 log10 cycles was obtained by nisin at 37°C for 15 min. The inactivation of S. aureus by US also followed “fast to slow” two‐stage kinetics at 0°C, but it followed “fast–slow–fast” there‐stage kinetics at 25 and 37°C. A maximum reduction of 5.87 log10 cycles was obtained by US at 968.16 W/cm2 and 37°C for 15 min. The reduction of S. aureus in milk was similar as in NB when treated at 968.16 W/cm2 and 25°C for 5–15 min. However, the reduction of S. aureus by US + nisin was similar to that obtained by either nisin or US alone, indicating that US and nisin had no added or synergistic inactivation effect on S. aureus in both NB and milk under the tested conditions.
Application of Taguchi Robust Design for optimizing tensile strength response of Ukam-plant fibre reinforced cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) composite by the effects of control parameters
Authors: Nwigbo Solomon Chuka  , Godwin Kingsley Obiazi  , Ikebudu Kingsley Okechukwu
Published: July 2021

This paper focuses on the application of Taguchi Robust Design to determine the optimum tensile strength of Ukam-Plant Fibre Reinforced CNSL Composite using indigenous or locally sourced vegetable or plant based natural fibres (Ukam-plant fibres) that are Lignocellulose as potential raw material. Tensile tests were conducted on the replicated samples of Ukam-Plant Fibre Reinforced CNSL Composite to obtain the optimum properties. Hounsfield Mosanto Tensometer, a universal testing machine was used to conduct tensile tests to determine the control factor levels quality characteristics considered necessary to optimize the mechanical property being investigated. Methodology of traditional and experimental design approach of Taguchi was used for the larger the better to obtain the highest signal to noise ratio (SN ratio) for the quality characteristic being investigated and also to correlate the control factors (fibre condition i.e. untreated, silane treated and alkaline treated, volume fraction and fibre size). Minitab 16 software was used for statistical analysis to fine-tune conclusions and produce quantitative estimates. The optimum settings were as follows: alkaline treatment, volume fraction of 50%, and 50mm of fibre size which resulted in 18.69MPa optimum tensile strength. The experimental results obtained agreed satisfactorily with the Minitab 16 software predictions. The mechanical property studied revealed that composite depends significantly on the reinforcement combination of control parameters.
Analysis of large class-size and its effects on teaching and learning process among students’ secondary schools in Potiskum local government area
Authors: Luka Yelwa Barde  , Abubakar Alhaji Ahmed  , Salamatu Mohammed  , Maryam Gafo Bizi  , Nuhu Ibrahim  , Grace Ifemedike Uzoma
Published: July 2021

The study was carried out on the evaluation of the effects of over-population on teaching and learning of among students in junior secondary schools in Potiskum Local Government Area. To guide the study, 3 research questions in line with purpose of the study were formulated. Descriptive Survey Research Design was adopted for the study. The target population of the study was the entire teachers in randomly selected four junior secondary schools in Potiskum Local Government Area. Stratified Random Sampling Technique was adopted to select 40 teachers from the 4 junior secondary schools to constitute the sample size of the study. Structure Questionnaire was the major instrument used to collect data for the study. The data collected was analyzed using Mean and Standard Deviation for the questionnaires. The findings of the study revealed that, inability of teachers to paid attention to individual students that need special attention, lack of classroom control and management at overcrowded classroom and teachers found it difficult in conducting effective continuous assessment in classroom are some of the problems faced by teachers and students in teaching and learning in over-populated classrooms in junior secondary schools of Potiskum Local Government Area. The findings of the study also revealed that, high numbers of the students in classroom affect academic performance and that smaller class’s size lead to improvement of academic performance are some of the effects of over-population on the quality of teaching and learning in junior secondary schools in the study area. The findings of the study further revealed that, Admission of the students in junior secondary schools should be based on minimum standard as specified National Junior Secondary School Curriculum and provision of modern teaching aids such as overhead projectors, power point presentation device that each and every individual student will view the content of the lesson in the classroom are some of the ways forwards for overcoming the problems faced by teachers and students in over-populated classroom during teaching and learning in junior secondary schools in the study area. It was recommended that, a ratio of 1:40 teachers to students is hereby suggested for junior secondary schools as stated in the National Policy of Education (2013).
Non-traumatic abdominal surgical emergencies at the Communal Medical Center (CMC) of Matam, Conakry
Authors: Kondano Saa Yawo  , Fofana Naby  , Camara Soriba Naby  , Haba Monece  , Soumaoro Labile Togba  , Diallo Biro
Published: July 2021

Aim: The aim of the study was to bring the frequency and management of non-traumatic abdominal surgical emergencies back to the Matam communal medical center. Material and methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive three-year study (January 2016 to December 2018) which focused on the files of patients treated in the surgical department of the surgical medical center (CMC). By Matam, for a non-traumatic abdominal surgical emergency. Results: Non-traumatic abdominal surgical emergencies represented 49.98% compared to surgical pathologies. The average age was 31.36% with extremes of 10 and 75 years. A male predominance was noted with a sex ratio = 1.07. The average consultation time was 5.53 days. Abdominal pain was the main reason for consultation. Acute appendicitis and strangulated hernias were the most common and ultrasound was performed in 21 patients (5.05%) and unprepared abdominal x-ray was performed in 49 patients (11.89%). All cases were operated on urgently. The operative consequences were simple in 94.42%. We noted parietal suppurations in 2.18%, postoperative peritonitis in 2.43% of cases and 9 deaths. The mean hospital stay was 7.14 days. Conclusion: non-traumatic abdominal emergencies constitute a public health problem, the prognosis depends on the quality and the precocity of the patient's care.
Response of groundnut (Arachis hypogea) to rhizobia inoculation, mineral nitrogen and inoculation amendment at the two agro ecological zones of northern Nigerian savannah
Authors: Abdulkadir N. A.  , Ewusi-Mensah N.  , Opuko, A.  , Yusuf, A. A.  , Logah, V.  , Adamu U. K.  , Almu H.  , Sani, A.  , Muhammad A. A.  , Hayatu, B.  , Hayatu, B.  , Lamido, A. K.  , Aliyu, R. W.  , Jibrin, H. J.
Published: July 2021

Nitrogen is the most limiting major nutrient required by all living plants. Nitrogen fertilizer is costly and too much application of nitrogen causes detrimental effects to our ecosystem. Alternatively, the use of commercial microbial inoculants will be an alternative to chemical fertilizer for the small holder farmers in northern Nigeria. Groundnut (pea nut) was selected as a test crop for the inoculation. The experiment was conducted at Sudan savannah in Kano State and Guinea savannah in Bauchi state of Nigeria during the 2016 cropping season. The design of the experiment was RCBD with seven treatments and four replications in each site. Two rhizobia inoculants were tested on groundnut in two agroecological zones of northern Nigeria to monitor their performance and their ability to establish symbiotic and nodulate the crops. The treatments combinations were; histic, biofix, nitrogen, cattle manure, histic + cattle manure, biofix + cattle manure and control. In the groundnut field, Biofix produced higher nitrogen fixed than all treatments in the Sudan savanna, while in the Guinea savanna no significant differences (P = 0.67) were observed between the treatments and the control. However, inoculated plots had higher nitrogen fixation than the control.
Anti-glycation and antioxidant properties of Abutilon indicum plant leaves
Authors: Dinesha Ramadas  , Santhosh Kumar Nune  , Chikkanna D  , Maheshwara KV  , Vedamurthy Joshi
Published: July 2021

The study was done to investigate the in vitro anti-diabetic activity of Ethanol-water extract of Abutilon indicum plant leaves. The phytochemicals present in the extract was analyzed by using standard methods. In vitro antioxidant study was done using DPPH radical scavenging activity. The In vitro anti-diabetic studies were done by alpha amylase enzyme, alpha glucosidases enzyme inhibition studies and Glucose uptake in Yeast cells studies. The phytochemical analysis showed that the extract rich with proteins, polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, polysaccharides. The in vitro antiglycation potential of extract was confirmed through alpha amylase enzyme, alpha glucosidases enzyme inhibition studies and Glucose uptake in Yeast cells studies. The results of the present study showed the significant antioxidant and antidiabetic activity. The potential pharmacological activity of Abutilon indicum might be the presence of phytochemicals.
Music – A double edged sword for students in COVID scenario
Authors: Kiran Naik  , Ravi KS  , Pragati
Published: July 2021

Background: Hearing loss is often thought of as a natural phenomenon of the aging process. However younger people with repeated usage of ear phone music are reporting nowadays with hearing impairment and more during this COVID pandemic era. In today’s society, these devices are indispensable and are part of day‑to‑day life and because of the restriction on outdoor movement in COVID pandemic more and more people are reliant on ear phone music to allay boredom. Hence, this study was conducted to create awareness regarding prolonged exposure to loud noise either through an MP3 player or cell phone music. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was done compromising 400 students from Shri Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences from March 2020 to December 2020. They were divided into four groups using a questionnaire, Group A comprising 100 students who had a habit of listening to music through ear phones at least 2 h a day, Group B comprising 100 students who are used to earphone music less than 1 h per day and Group C comprising of 100 students who very occasionally use ear phones, but hear music mostly through speakers and Group D comprising of 100 students who are not used to ear phone music. All the 400 students studied were attending online classes as per the college schedule which constituted 3-4 hours daily. All the groups were subjected to pure tone audiometry when they reported back to their regular offline classes as the pandemic reduced in January 2021 and the audiogram obtained. Results and Observations: The study revealed high frequency hearing loss in 6% of Group A and 2% in Group B; whereas, in there were no hearing impairment in Groups C and D indicating a significant role of prolonged ear phone music as a cause of high frequency hearing loss in students. The thin percentage and absence of hearing loss in Groups B, C, and D suggests the impact of the duration of exposure also has a role in the pathology. Conclusion: This study proves beyond doubt that the prolonged usage of loud ear phone music is harmful to the ears and also the COVID induced movement restriction precipitated the indiscriminate use of ear phone music which further increased the causation.
The effect of training of food handlers in hospitals kitchen in Khartoum State, Sudan
Authors: Hilwa Hamid Bajin Salam
Published: July 2021

An interventional research was conducted in the kitchens of Khartoum state hospitals 2021 on the impact of training of food handlers in (12) hospitals with (56) food handlers to identify food hygiene requirement. Training was done before and interventions training after. Questionnaires were filled out with food handlers and interview with nutrition supervisor about kitchens. The data was statistically analyzed by using the Statistic Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program version 25; the Paired Samples T Test and Chi-Square Test was used and there is an improvement at the level of indication 0.000 at the level (0.05). The results showed that the majority of food handlers were females (75%), the lack of quality of kitchens in buildings, equipment, utensils, hand facilities, no periodic inspection for raw materials and no any training about food safety and hygiene for all food services staff. The study concluded that training has an effective impact on kitchen quality. The study recommended that the ministry of health and hospitals to design kitchens with standardization and provide training to all workers periodically.
Kawasaki disease with low C-reactive protein levels
Authors: Toshimasa Nakada
Published: July 2021

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile systemic vasculitis that primarily affects children, and coronary artery lesions (CALs) are severe complications. Clinical features and outcomes of patients with KD associated with low serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (< 3.0 mg/dL) before initial treatment remain unclear. The objective of this retrospective study was to elucidate the clinical features and outcomes of patients with KD and low serum CRP levels. Data were included from 220 patients with KD who underwent acute-phase treatment from January 2009 to February 2021 in our department. Patients were divided into low group (n = 50) and high group (n = 170) according to serum CRP levels before initial treatment. The rates of incomplete KD (48.0% vs. 10.6%, P < 0.001) and serum albumin levels (g/dL) before initial treatment (median 3.60 vs. 3.30, P < 0.001) were significantly different between the groups. The rate of patients who required intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy was significantly lower in the low group compared to the high group (74.0% vs. 97.1%, P < 0.001). However, the rates of initial IVIG therapy resistance (10.8% vs. 25.5%, P= 0.055) and CALs (2.0% vs. 4.7%, P= 0.475) were similar between the groups. No patient in the low group experienced CALs one month after KD onset. The severity of the disease in patients with KD and low CRP levels was milder than in those with high CRP levels.
Evaluation of antioxidant activity of unpurified and purified datura seed
Authors: Umang Haribhai Gajjar  , Niralee Kalpeshkumar Velhal  , Hetvi Girdharbhai Parikh  , Jayrajsinh Bhartbhai Parmar  , Yash Bhut  , Viral Rupeshbhai Patel
Published: July 2021

Aim: Evaluation of effect of shodhana process of datura seed (Datura stramonium) antioxidant activity. Methods: The datura was purified with two different processes viz. cow’s urine, and cow’s milk by Dolayantra method. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by in-vitro 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radicals scavenging activity and Ferric reducing power ability (FRPA) assay. Result: cow urine purified datura (CUD) showed a significant effect in inhibiting DPPH, reaching up to 85.96% at concentration 1000 mcg/ml and its IC50 was 314.3 mcg/ml while Unpurified Datura Seed (UD) reaching up to 86.06% at concentration 1000 mcg/ml and its IC50 was 171.73 mcg/ml. The Cow Milk Purified Datura Seed (CMD) extract reach 69.72% at concentration 1000 mcg/ml and its IC50 value was 640. The IC50 value of Ascorbic acid was 23.35 mcg/ml. CUD showed a significant effect in reduction of ferric ion, reaching up to 85.59% reduction at concentration 1000 mcg/ml and its EC50 was 304.46 mcg/ml while UD reaching up to 86.11% at concentration 1000 mcg/ml and its EC50 was 280.28 mcg/ml. CMD extract reach 52.28% at concentration 1000 mcg/ml and its EC50 value was 1091.3mcg/ml.
Banana (Musa acuminata): Most popular and common Indian plant with multiple pharmacological potentials
Authors: Anupama Yadav
Published: July 2021

Background: Musa acuminata (Musaceae) is a perennial tree-like plant that is grown in many tropical and subtropical areas throughout the globe. Bananas, which may be consumed as a fruit or a vegetable, is one of the most significant crops in many nations owing to their nutrient-dense diet and diverse therapeutic properties. Introduction: Apigenin glycosides, myricetin glycoside, myricetin-3-O-rutinoside, delphinidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, malvidin, naringenin glycosides, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, dopamine, N-acetyl serotonin, rutin, polyphenols, flavonoids, total dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber, lignin, hemicellulose, cellulose, lipids, proteins, and minerals are found in bananas. Objective: The primary goal of this research is to confirm and emphasize the therapeutic and nutritional value of M. acuminata. Methods: Fever, cough, bronchitis, dysentery, allergy infections, sexually transmitted infections, and certain non-communicable illnesses have all been linked to M. acuminata, according to a literature review. Result: M. acuminata has been reported to have anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory, hypolipidemic, anti-cancer, and anti-microbial properties. Pharmacological studies back up the medicinal plant's traditional significance and suggest that indigenous peoples used M. acuminata to cure and heal a variety of illnesses and ailments. Individual bioactive constituent(s) from different sections of this plant, on the other hand, need to be studied further to validate various pharmacological claims and to investigate the potential of M. acuminata in drug development and usage in functional foods. Conclusion: A thorough examination of M. acuminata's biological activity is provided, as well as potential processes and phytochemicals involved, in order to develop effective disease prevention and management methods.
THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS DESENSITIZING AGENT APPLICATION ON IN-OFFICE BLEACHING ON THE NUMBER OF FIBROBLASTS
Authors: Apriliyani Nunik Rahayu , Mulyawati Ema , Kristanti Yulita
Published: July 2021

Background: Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) released from hydrogen peroxide causes inflammation of the pulp. Remineralization action by fluoride-containing desensitizing agent (Casein Phosphopeptides-Amorphous Calcium Fluoride Phosphate/CPP-ACFP) occluding dentinal tubule, thereby minimizing the penetration of hydrogen peroxide into the pulp and affect the number of fibroblasts. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of fluoride-containing desensitizing agent (CPP-ACFP) application: before, after, and before-after in-office bleaching techniques using 40% hydrogen peroxide on the number of fibroblasts.Method: Twenty-eight maxillary molar teeth were divided into 4 groups, Control Group (bleaching treatment), Group I (CPP-ACFP application before bleaching), Group II (CPP-ACFP application after bleaching), and Group III (CPP-ACFP application before and after bleaching). Rats were sacrificed 5 days after and histological preparations were stained with HE. Fibroblasts counting was performed using a 1000x magnification light microscope.Result: ANOVA test showed that there were significant mean differences in the number of fibroblasts among the groups. The LSD test showed that there were statistically significant differences in almost all of the compared groups except between the Control Group and Group II.Conclusion: The number of fibroblasts in the pulp of rats applied CPP-ACFP before and after in-office bleaching was less than applied CPP-ACFP before or after in-office bleaching.
THE EFFECT OF SOURSOP (ANNONA MURICATA L.) ESSENTIAL OILS ON VIABILITY CELLS: AN IN-VITRO STUDY
Authors: Rahman Friska Ani , Naday Qotru Al , Utami Trianna Wahyu
Published: July 2021

Background: Development of new preventive agents for dental caries is needed. One of the candidates for preventive agents from natural products is Soursop leaf. The present study aimed to determine the effect of Soursop leaf oil on the cultured epithelial and fibroblast cells.Methods: In this experimental study, Soursop leaf essential oils were provided, and their e?ect was discovered on epithelial and fibroblast cells line using MTT assay. The MTT assay was conducted to measure the activity of enzymes that reduce MTT and switch it to formazan dye creating a purple colour. Using a microplate reader, the optical density was measured at 550 nm and the absorbance value directly represented relative cell numbers.Results: Data compilation and analysis were done using one-way analysis of variance. Soursop leaf essential oils exhibited variable noxious e?ects on cultured cells. The present study shows that epithelial cell death was less than 30% at the concentration 2.5 �l/ml while the percentage of fibroblast cell death was less than 30% at smaller concentrations of 1.25 �l/ml. Through an increase in the concentration of Soursop leaf essential oils, the toxicity of these materials substantially increased (p<0.05)Conclusion: Soursop leaf essential oils at certain concentrations may cause epithelial and fibroblast cell death.
GÖROĞLU DESTANI’NDA KADIN VE AİLE İLİŞKİLERİ
Authors: ASKER Naile
Published: July 2021

Eski Türklerde kadın hakları, aile bağları kutsal olacak kadar titizlik ve incelikle korunmuştur. Bunun en doğru ve gerçek örneklerini görmek için eski Türk destanlarına bakmamız yeterlidir. Destanlarımız bu ilişkileri anlatırken bağlı olduğu Türk boyunun genelini büyük bir aile olarak ele alır ve büyük aileden küçük aileye doğru bir yaklaşım sergiler. Burada hem olayların anlatım biçimine, hem şiir kısımlarının inceliğine göre kadına, aile bağlarına ve onlar arasındaki sosyal adalete verilmiş önem ve dikkat ön plana çıkmaktadır. Göçebe ve yarı göçebe yaşam tarzı içinde kadınlar ata biner, kılıç kuşanır, ok atar, ava çıkar. Köroğlu Des-tanı’nda da kadın hem bir eş, hem bir savaşçıdır. Bu daha çok destanın Doğu versiyonuna özgü varyantlarında görülmektedir. Batı versiyonunda yerleşik hayat tarzının etkisiyle kadın daha çok eve bağlıdır, eştir, dosttur ama yine de bazı epizotlarda alp kadın karakterine de rastlamak mümkündür. Türkmen Göroğlu Destanı’nda birçok kadın kahraman yer alır. Bu kadınlar arasında alp kadın karakterleri de vardır ve hatta alp kadınlar bazen bir kolun başkahramanı seviyesine yükselmektedir. Bu kahramanların birçoğu başka memleketlerden Çandıbil’e gelmiş ve bu elin gelini olmuştur. Destandaki kadın kahramanların başında Göroğlu’nun eşi Ağayunus Peri gelmektedir. Destan metinlerinde onun savaşçı yönü yer almamaktadır. Ama peri kızı olması nedeniyle sezgisel davranışları, geleceği görme yeteneği ile Göroğlu’na yardım etmekte ve ilham vermektedir. Ağayunus Peri olayların gidişatını hızlı ve düzgün kavramakla ve mantıklı kararlar almakla her zaman Göroğlu’nun maceralarına katılmaktadır. Hünkâr’ın kızı Servican daha çok Ağayunus Peri karakterine yakındır. O, olağanüstü yeteneklere sahip ve büyücülükle uğraşmaktadır. Destandaki alp kadınlara Harmandeli, Gülayım, Tellihan, Aysoltan vb. kahramanları örnek gösterebiliriz. Onların arasında adına bir kol oluşturulmuş Harmandeli hem yiğitliği hem de şair/ozanlığı ile meşhurdur. Bölge erkeklerine meydan okuyan, hem bilek gücünde hem de sazda/sözde yenilmeyen bu alp kadını Göroğlu da yenememiştir. Gülayım, Tellihan gibi alp kadınlar da eşi ile beraber savaşlarda kahramanlıklar gösteren karakterlerdir. Aysoltan, Göröğlu tarafından öldürülmüş kardeşi Bezirgen’in intikamını almak için Çandıbil’e gelecek ve Göroğlu’yla savaşacak kadar cesur bir kadındır. Alp kadınların temel özelliklerinden biri de savaş meydanlarında kendini saklamak, erkek kıyafetleri ile yüzünü kapatarak savaşmaktır. Bu motifte fikrimizce İslam dininin etkisi kendini göstermektedir. Bu bildiride Göroğlu Destanı’nda kadın: Kadına biçilmiş alplık özellikleri, sosyal görevler, verilmiş değer vs. hakkında konuşulacaktır. Asırlar boyunca örf ve âdetlerimizde yaşatılmış ve
Legiş yaylasının (İkizdere-RİZE) botanik kompozisyonunun belirlenmesi
Authors: BAYKAL Hüseyin , BAKOĞLU Adil , ÇATAL Muhammed İkbal
Published: July 2021

Bu çalışma, Rize ili İkizdere ilçesi Legiş yaylası merasında 2019 yılı içerisinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada meranın toprağı kaplama oranı, botanik kompozisyonu, mera kalite derecesi ve mera durumu karakterleri incelenmiştir. Arazi çalışması, Temmuz ayı içinde, vejetasyonun klimaks evreye ulaştığı safhada yapılmıştır. Araştırma alanında örnek parseller “Lup” yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada 20 familyaya ait toplam 39 takson teşhis edilmiştir. Familyaların takson sayıları; Poaceae (4), Fabaceae (4), Asteraceae (3), Apiaceae (3), Brassicaceae (1), Campanulaceae (1), Caprifoliaceae (1), Caryophyllaceae (2), Crassulaceae (1), Cyperaceae (1), Gentianaceae (1), Geraniaceae (2), Lamiaceae (3), Orobanchaceae (2), Plantaginaceae (1), Polygonaceae (2), Primulaceae (1), Ranunculaceae (2), Rosaceae (3) ve Rubiaceae (1) şeklindedir. Mera alanının toprağı kaplama oranı % 78.92 olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma alanının botanik kompozisyonunda Poaceae % 12.90, Fabaceae % 28.24 ve diğer familyalar % 58.86 olarak tespit edilmiştir. 2.63 mera kalite derecesi ile meranın durumu “Zayıf” olarak belirlenmiştir.
Kısıntılı sulama ve potasyum gübrelemesinin, mısırda klorofil konsantrasyonu ve membran permeabilitesine etkisi
Authors: KUZUCU Meryem
Published: July 2021

Sera koşullarında saksı denemesi olarak yürütülen bu çalışmada, su stresinde yetiştirilen mısır bitkisine farklı dozlarda verilen potasyum gübresinin, klorofil oluşumu, membran permeabilitesinin bitkiler üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Denemede bitkilere saksı kapasitesine göre belirlenen üç farklı düzeyde (S1:%100 tam sulama, S2:%%75 sulama(%25 kısıntılı), S3:%50 sulama(%50kısıntılı)) sulama suyu uygulanmış ve üç farklı düzeyde potasyum gübresi (K1:0ppm K, K2:100ppm K, K3:200ppm K) verilmiştir. Tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Uygulanan sulama suyu miktarı azaldıkça bitki bünyesinde klorofil oluşumu azalmış, uygulanan potasyum miktarı arttıkça, klorofil konsantrasyonu artış göstermiştir. Klorofil-a miktarı değerlerinin 1058–985 mg/kg-1 arasında değiştiği görülmüştür. Klorofil-b miktarı değerlerinin 869–310 mg/kg-1 arasında değişmiştir. En yüksek toplam klorofil verimi 1927mg/kg-1 ile S1K2 konusunda belirlenmiştir. Membran permeabilitesi değeri, uygulanan sulama suyu miktarı azaldıkça artmış ve uygulanan potasyum miktarı arttıkça azalma göstermiştir. En yüksek membran permeabilitesi değeri % 48,4 ile S3K0 grubundan alınmıştır. Bu uygulamada hücre membranı en yüksek düzeyde zarar görmüştür. En düşük membran permeabilitesi değeri % 24,3 ile S1K2 konusundan elde edilmiştir. Çalışmada, potasyum gübrelemesinin su stresinin olumsuz etkilerini azaltabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. Kuru koşullarda yapılan potasyum gübrelemesinin bitkide turgoru düzenleyerek, su kaybını ve solmayı önlediği ve kuraklığın etkilerini azalttığı belirlenmiştir.
aplikasi berbasis web
Authors: Alfandi Yusran
Published: July 2021

Bahasa pemrograman merupakan suatu subjek yang sangat populer saat ini. Pembelajaran bahasa pemrograman dapat dilakukan melalui pendidikan formal maupun informal seperti lembaga kursus atau pembelajaran secara online. Pembelajaran secara online memberikan berbagai keunggulan, diantaranya biaya yang lebih murah, waktu yang fleksibel dan setiap peserta dapat menyesuaikan dengan kemampuan dan perkembangan belajarnya.[1]Bahasa Pemrograman merupakan bahasa yang dapat dipahami oleh komputer. Ada banyak bahasa pemrograman yang memiliki fungsi berbeda- beda, diantaranya bahasa pemrograman untuk membuat aplikasi dekstop, membuat game, membuat aplikasi web, membuat aplikasi handphone, dan sebagainya.
MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PERANGKAT KERAS BERBASIS ANDROID
Authors: Delima
Published: July 2021

Media pembelajaran perangkat keras berbasis android memiliki fungsi yaitu membantu pelajar dan pengajar agar memudahkannya dalam proses belajar dan mengajar. Dan dalam “undang-undang dasar nomor 20 tahun 2003" menyatakan bahwa sebagai usaha sadar dan berencana agar menciptakan kondisi atau suasana belajar dan proses pembelajaran agar peserta didik secara aktif dan dapat meningkatkan kekuatan diri supaya dapat meningkatkan kecerdasan, kepribadian diri dan keterampilan yang diperlukan untuk diri kita sendiri, masyarakat, bangsa dan negara, pendidikan begitu berguna bagi setiap manusia. Perkembangan teknologi yang semakin pesat dapat mewujudkan seorang pendidik dalam memajukan media pembelajaran interaktif menggunakan teknnologi didalamnya. Dalam penggunaan perangkat keras atau biasa disebut dengan hardware mempunyai kegunaannya sendiri yang saling membantu sesamanya. Semua perangkat keras atau hardware memerlukan perangkat lunak agar bisa berfungsi dan dapat dihidupkan kembali.
Lampu Lalu Lintas Menggunakan Arduino UNO
Authors: firdaus taufikkurrahman
Published: July 2021

Fungsi utama dari lampu lalu lintas yaitu untuk mengatur ketertiban dari empat maupun tiga arah jalan dan mengurangi tingkat kecelakaan akibat perbedaan arus jalan. Dan ini terbukti ada beberapa kasus kecelakaan yang terjadi akibat tidak mengikuti isyarat lampu lalu lintas ini. Ini bias kita lihat. Dan Lampu lalu lintas juga memiliki tiga warna lampu, yaitu Lampu merah yang artinya berhenti, lampu kuning yang artinya berhati-hati, dan lampu hijau yang memiliki arti jalan.
hardwere
Authors: aswadi
Published: July 2021

perangkat yang ada di komputer
Pembelajaran Kontekstual di Masa Pandemi untuk Mengembangkan Kerohanian Anak
Authors: Harefa Desy
Published: July 2021

Dimensi kerohanian menjadi tujuan dari bagian pendidikan nasional. Sedangkan guru sendiri dimengerti sebagai pendidik yang professional. Akan tetapi di masa pandemi saat ini memaksa keadaan khususnya pada pola pembelajaran yang harus disesuaikan dengan keadaan. Tulisan dan metode riset kepustakaan ini mempunyai tujuan untuk membahas makna kerohanian dan memberikan model pembelajaran guna untuk mengembangkan kerohanian anak di masa pandemi. Model pembelajaran kontekstual patut dipertimbangkan oleh para pendidik, sebab model pembelajaran ini lebih berfokus pada keunikan peserta didik.