bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implications of Potential Pepfar Funding Cuts on Nigeria's HIV/AIDS Response: A Critical Review
Authors: Ekpunobi Nzube
Published: February 2025

Nigeria holds the unfortunate distinction of having the second-largest HIV epidemic globally, a complex and multifaceted challenge that demands sustained attention and resources. The U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) has been a cornerstone of Nigeria's HIV/AIDS response for two decades. Since its inception, PEPFAR has provided substantial financial and technical assistance, significantly shaping the landscape of HIV prevention, treatment, care, and support services in the country. However, the recent decision to cut PEPFAR funding poses a significant threat to the country's HIV/AIDS response. This review analyzes the contributions of PEPFAR to Nigeria's HIV/AIDS program, examine the potential impact of PEPFAR funding cuts on HIV prevention, treatment, care, and support services, explore the social and economic consequences of funding reductions, identify adaptive strategies and mitigation measures to address the funding gap and provide policy recommendations to strengthen Nigeria's HIV/AIDS response in the face of funding constraints.
Reactivation of Latent Tuberculosis in a Patient with COVID-19 and Epstein-Barr Virus Coinfection: A Case Report
Authors: Halabitska Iryna , Petakh Pavlo , Oksenych Valentyn , Kamyshnyi Oleksandr
Published: February 2025

We describe the case of a 24-year-old woman who developed a swelling under her collarbone, along with fever, swollen lymph nodes, tiredness, and weight loss. These symptoms started about three months after she had a moderate COVID-19 infection. Blood tests showed a high white blood cell count, with more neutrophils and fewer lymphocytes, as well as high levels of inflammation markers. Serological and molecular diagnostics confirmed Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation.. Despite receiving antiviral and supportive treatment, her condition worsened. Advanced imaging showed that her lymph nodes remained swollen and started to break down. Doctors ruled out other possible causes, such as bacterial infections, blood cancers, autoimmune diseases, and cancer spread. A needle biopsy, combined with a special genetic test (PCR), confirmed the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria that cause tuberculosis. She started a standard tuberculosis treatment, which led to major improvement within two months. Her swollen lymph nodes shrank, and her inflammation markers returned to normal. This case shows how COVID-19-related immune system changes, EBV reactivation, and tuberculosis infection can be connected. It highlights the need for careful monitoring of patients with long-lasting swollen lymph nodes, especially those with weakened immune systems.
Complex Networks in Phase-Separating Gels. A Computer Simulation Study
Authors: Beer Georg Friedrich
Published: February 2025

The mesoscopic phase separation in two- and three-dimensional gels has been studied by computer simulation of a bead-spring model of Lennard-Jones particles. The formation of complex networks of high density phase (HDP) has been investigated and partially explained with competing short- and long-range energies. HDP network formation was found to occur at certain combinations of temperature and spring coefficient, given sufficient particle density. The morphology of the HDP networks changed with these three parameters. HDP networks became more faceted with higher spring coefficients, wider but less dense at higher temperatures and more voluminous and compact at larger densities. HDP network formation was preceded by a stage of HDP precipitation and followed by a stage of surface minimization.
Subgingival Microbiome in Children with Gingival Inflammation and Healthy Subjects
Authors: Tankova Hristina , Mitova Nadejda
Published: February 2025

(1) Background: The aim of this study is to investigate and compare key microorganisms of the subgingival microflora in healthy children and children with diagnosed gingival inflammation (ages 10-14). (2) Methods: Each child underwent a clinical periodontal examination at four levels: General Health Status Assessment, Oral Hygiene Status Assessment by HI index, Assessment of Teeth and Gingiva, Gingival Sulcus Assessment by PBI index. PCR-Real Time Method for Identifying Subgingival Microorganisms was used. (3) Results: 73 children aged 10 to 14 years underwent clinical periodontal examination. Four of the examined periodontopathogens (A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, T. denticola, and E. nodatum) were not isolated in healthy children. In the group of children with gingival inflammation, the frequency of isolation of T. forsythia was significantly higher (p < 0.05). In children with gingival inflammation, the highest quantities of isolated periodontopathogens were P. intermedia and C. gingivalis. The representatives microorganisms of the purple and yellow complexes are found only in children with gingival inflammation. (4) Conclusion: The highly pathogenic representatives of the red complex according to Socransky are detected in all children with gingival inflammation.
Australian Supermarket Object Set (ASOS): A Benchmark Dataset of Physical Objects and 3D Models for Robotics and Computer Vision
Authors: Chumbley Lachlan , Meyer Benjamin , Cosgun Akansel
Published: February 2025

We introduce the Australian Supermarket Object Set, a dataset comprising 50 readily available supermarket items with high-quality 3D textured meshes. Designed for both real-world and simulated environments, this dataset supports benchmarking in robotic manipulation and computer vision tasks. This paper details the dataset’s construction process, object categorization, and its potential to enhance reproducibility and advance research in robotics and computer vision.
Continuity of Care for Substance Misusing Prison Leavers: A Quantitative Analysis of Service Delivery Models Within a Local Setting
Authors: Connor Marc , Hughes Ben
Published: February 2025

Introduction: This study tests our assumption that continuity-of-care from prison to community increases engagement rates and reduces treatment wait times, hypothesis one (H1). Engaging with drug treatment services may improve health and crime outcomes for this vulnerable population. The study also aims to determine whether a single service delivery model, spanning both prison and community settings, improved these metrics, hypothesis 2 (H2). Method: Over a four-year period, the instances of continuity-of-care, prison release, and treatment start dates were recorded for individuals with substance misuse issues released to a local drug recovery partnership (n=808). All participants were monitored for 365 days after their first release (H1). The same data associated with a subset of this group (n=533), released through the local adult male prison to the local drug treatment services, were compared for the two years before (n=255) and the two years after (n=278) the implementation of the single service delivery model (H2). Data were analysed using right-censored Kaplan Meier Survival Analyses. Results: There was a significant association between system-level prison-to-community continuity-of-care and higher engagement rates, as well as reduced waiting times for community drug treatment (p<.00001). The implementation of single service provision enhanced the performance of prison-to-community continuity-of-care. Specifically, treatment engagements through continuity-of-care increased from 5.4% to 12.7%, and average waiting times decreased from 97 to 67 days. However, due to the small sample size, there was insufficient statistical evidence to support H2. Conclusions: This study confirms that, within our local setting, continuity-of-care care from the prison to community drug treatment leads to higher rates continuity-of-care, treatment engagements and shorter waiting times to community drug treatment (H1 - accepted). Additionally, although not statistically proven (H2 - not accepted), our a priori decision to implement a single-service delivery model appears to have been justified given the observed improvements in these metrics.
Assessment of Numerical Methods for Simulating High–Pressure Water Jet in Air Impacting on a Flat Plate
Authors: Yang Xianglong , Yang Lei
Published: February 2025

Comprehensive investigations were conducted on numerical methods for simulating high–pressure water jet in air impacting on a flat plate. The primary focus was on the influence of numerical methods on the impact pressure exerted on the flat plate. Taking into account the principal characteristics of high–pressure water jets in air, the Eulerian multiphase model was selected as the foundational approach for simulating multiphase flows. Firstly, two turbulence treatment methods were investigated, revealing that the mixture turbulence model method yields superior results compared to the per–phase turbulence model method. Subsequently, the effects of turbulence models on the impact pressure were examined. Two two–equation turbulence models (the realizable k–ε model and the SST k–ω model), widely employed in engineering, and a four–equation turbulence model (the SST k–ω–φ–α model) were comparatively analyzed. It was observed that the SST k–ω–φ–α model yields more accurate results in the vicinity of the stagnation point. The influences of the inlet boundary condition were also explored. It was determined that the inlet turbulence condition derived from a hydraulic diameter–based empirical formula, as provided in the commercial CFD software ANSYS Fluent, is unsuitable for numerical simulations of high–pressure water jets in air. Subsequently, the influence of bubble diameters in the secondary phase (air) was scrutinized. Results indicated that as the bubble diameter diminishes, the impact pressure likewise decreases. However, once the bubble diameter reaches a certain size, it exerts almost no effect on the impact pressure. Finally, it was also verified that surface tension has no effect on the impact pressure of high–pressure water jets in air when the nozzle exit is not so far from the flat plate.
Strategies for Implementing and Scaling Renovation Passports: A Systematic Review of EU Energy Renovation Policies
Authors: Barbosa Gabriela , Almeida Manuela
Published: February 2025

Buildings account for a significant share of global energy consumption and carbon emissions, making deep renovations essential for climate mitigation. Renovation Passports (RPs) provide structured, step-by-step renovation roadmaps that prevent lock-in effects and optimise energy performance over time. This study conducts a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to identify key strategies for the successful development and large-scale implementation of RPs in the European Union (EU). A total of 217 research articles from Scopus and ScienceDirect, along with 99 EU policy documents and 16 Building Performance Institute Europe (BPIE) reports, were analysed to assess the technical, financial, behavioural, and policy dimensions of RP adoption. Findings highlight the role of digital tools like Building Information Modelling (BIM), Digital Building Logbooks (DBLs), and One-Stop Shops (OSS) in improving RP usability and accessibility. Financial barriers, such as high upfront costs and fragmented funding, require harmonised incentives, green loans, and energy performance contracting. Behavioural factors, including homeowner awareness, trust in renovation services, and decision-making complexity, influence RP adoption. This study underscores the need for stronger policy integration between RPs and Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs), improved financial mechanisms, and enhanced stakeholder engagement. Future research should explore standardised performance indicators, digitalisation strategies, and circular economy principles to maximise RP effectiveness within the EU Renovation Wave Strategy.
Epileptic Encephalopathy Related to CAD Deleterious Variants – Time Depending Treatment Initiation - A Case Series
Authors: Glangher Adelina , Budisteanu Magdalena , Birca Diana , Surlica Dana , Linca Florentina-Ionela , Ioana Doina , Bohîltea Laurenţiu-Camil , Focsa Ina-Ofelia , Iliescu Catrinel
Published: February 2025

Epilepsy, particularly early-onset and drug-resistant forms, presents a significant challenge in pediatric neurology. Inborn errors of metabolism are increasingly recognized as important contributors to these types of epilepsy. Timely diagnosis and treatment are crucial, as they can prevent irreversible metabolic damage and improve clinical outcomes and. Biallelic deleterious variants in CAD gene led CAD deficiency, progressive and severe metabolic disorder characterized by long seizures, psychomotor regression, and dyserythropoietic anemia. In this paper, we present four new cases of EIEE-50, emphasizing the importance of early, specific therapeutic interventions. Oral uridine 100 mg/kg/day was administrated with improvement of motor and cognitive function as well as immediate seizures control. Our findings underscore the potential for improved outcomes of EIEE-50 with timely and targeted treatment strategies.
EEG Channel Selection Based on Time–Frequency Hellinger Distance
Authors: Lee Seungjun
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a novel method for EEG channel selection based on the Hellinger Distance (HD) computed over time–frequency representations (TFRs). Here, we first convert raw EEG into the time–frequency domain using Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) and Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT). Leveraging Hellinger Distance, we then identify and remove outlier epochs via a z-score threshold, and rank and select the most discriminative channels by measuring how well each channel’s TFR distributions separate different classes.Our empirical evaluation uses the BCI Competition IVa dataset to compare the proposed HD-based approach (HD-CSP) against multiple variants of the Common Spatial Pattern algorithm, including standard CSP, L1 Norm CSP, SCSP, FBCSP, and E-CSP. Results indicate that HD-CSP consistently outperforms competing methods in all tested configurations, achieving notably high classification accuracy even when the number of channels is severely restricted. In particular, HD-CSP reaches around 70\% accuracy with only three channels, while other approaches suffer significant performance drops. As the number of channels increases, HD-CSP maintains its superior accuracy, exceeding 80\% in some configurations.Overall, the proposed method is superior on performance gains and ability to adapt to diverse channel configurations suggest broad applicability, especially in resource-constrained EEG settings where efficiency and accuracy are both priorities.
Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye onto Various Marine Sediments and Seagrass Biomass of Posidonia oceanica Species: Kinetics and Equilibrium Studies
Authors: Vagi Maria C. , Petsas Andreas S. , Dimitropoulou Dionysia , Leventelli Melpomeni , Nikolaou Anastasia D.
Published: February 2025

The present study concerns the investigation of the sorption and desorption phenomena of the organic compound methylene blue which is used as a synthetic dye in several industries. The batch equilibrium technique was applied using three marine sediments collected from the North Aegean Sea (Greece). Simultaneously, a different target of the current survey was to examine whether non-living biomass of the seagrass species Posidonia oceanica can be used as efficient biosorbents for the removal of MB dye from wastewater through phycoremediation. The influence of several factors on biosorption was studied, such as organic dye loading, biomass loading, contact time, solution pH, and speed of agitation. The obtained experimental results showed that both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models could describe the kinetics of the occurred process. Acquired results indicated a positive correlation between the sorption of the target chemical and the adsorbents' organic matter content and textural analysis of fine fraction (<63μm). Desorption studies revealed that the studied dye in most cases the dye was very strongly adsorbed on studied matrices with lower quantities of seawater extractable amounts. Finally, according to the experimental findings, bioadsorption on P. oceanica can be characterized as an efficient method for the bioremediation of dye-polluted wastewater.
Penalty Strategies in Semiparametric Regression Models
Authors: Alhassan Ayuba Jack , Ahmed S. Ejaz , Aydin Dursun , Yilmaz Ersin
Published: February 2025

This study includes a comprehensive evaluation of six penalty estimation strategies for partially linear models (PLRMs), focusing on their performance in the presence of multicollinearity and their ability to handle both parametric and nonparametric components. The methods under consideration include Ridge regression, Lasso, Adaptive Lasso (aLasso), smoothly clipped absolute deviation (SCAD), ElasticNet, and minimax concave penalty (MCP). In addition to these established methods, we also incorporate Stein-type shrinkage estimation techniques that are standard and positive shrinkage, and assess their effectiveness in this context. To estimate the PLRMs, we considered a kernel smoothing technique grounded in penalized least squares. Our investigation involves a theoretical analysis of the estimators' asymptotic properties and a detailed simulation study designed to compare their performance under a variety of conditions, including different sample sizes, numbers of predictors, and levels of multicollinearity. The simulation results reveal that aLasso and shrinkage estimators, particularly the positive shrinkage estimator, consistently outperform the other methods in terms of Mean Squared Error (MSE) relative efficiencies (RE), especially when the sample size is small, and multicollinearity is high. Furthermore, we present a real data analysis using the Hitters dataset to demonstrate the applicability of these methods in a practical setting. The results of the real data analysis align with the simulation findings, highlighting the superior predictive accuracy of aLasso and the shrinkage estimators in the presence of multicollinearity. The findings of this study offer valuable insights into the strengths and limitations of these penalty and shrinkage strategies, guiding their application in future research and practice involving semiparametric regression.
Molecular Mechanisms and Pathophysiology of Myocardial Disease: Insights from Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome (PIMS) Associated with SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Viadero María Teresa , Caldeiro María Jesús , Fernández-Suarez Natalia , Garde Jesús , Cabero María Jesús , González-Lamuño Domingo
Published: February 2025

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), also referred to as Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome (PIMS), poses significant challenges in pediatric cardiology due to its complex molecular underpinnings. In this retrospective study of 15 cases managed at a single tertiary care center, we investigated the molecular drivers of myocardial dysfunction, including cytokine storms, endothelial dysfunction, and hypercoagulable states. Transient myocardial involvement was identified in 46.6% of patients, with elevated cardiac biomarkers (median NT-proBNP: 4500 pg/mL; median troponin: 758 ng/L) and complete recovery achieved within 2–4 weeks following treatment. Notably, no coronary artery aneurysms were observed. Furthermore, vaccination was associated with a marked reduction in both the incidence and severity of MIS-C. These findings highlight the critical importance of early, standardized interventions and vaccination strategies in mitigating severe outcomes, and they provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms driving myocardial dysfunction in MIS-C.
Exploring High PT Experimental Charges Through the Lens of Phase Maps
Authors: Kamber Balz Samuel , Acevedo Zamora Marco Andres , Rodrigues Rodrigo Freitas , Li Ming , Yaxley Gregory , Ng Matthew
Published: February 2025

High pressure and temperature (PT) experimental charges are valuable systems made of minerals, often with quenched melt, and/or a fluid. They are synthesized to inform petrological solid-state, melt-forming and/or fluid-assisted processes occurring deep within the Earth. Here we explored the utility of phase mapping for analysis of high PT charges. We compared phase maps obtained with automated mineralogy software of scanning-electron-microscopes and developed an open-source software workflow. This generates phase maps from combined back-scattered-electron and 4-element maps. Phase maps were constructed for a sub-solidus assemblage, a charge containing a small percentage of melt, and a melting experiment that failed to reach thermal equilibrium. For the sub-solidus experiment, the phase map returned an accurate modal mineralogy. For the quenched melt experiments, the phase map located low abundance phases and identified best-suited targets for chemical analysis. Using modal mineralogy of sub-regions on maps and mutual neighboring relationships, the phase maps helped to establish equilibrium conditions and verify melting reactions inferred from mass balance. We propose phase maps as a valuable additional documentation tool for publishing high PT experiments, as they can help identify rare phases and discover reactions. We conclude with a set of recommended instrument settings for high-quality phase maps on small experimental charges.
Recent Developments of Advanced Broadband Photodetectors Based on 2D Materials
Authors: Tian Yan , Liu Hao , Li Jing , Liu Fei , Liu Baodan
Published: February 2025

With the rapid development of high-speed imaging, aerospace, and telecommunications, high-performance photodetectors across a broadband spectrum are urgently demanded. Due to abundant surface configurations and exceptional electronic properties, two-dimensional (2D) materials are considered as ideal candidates for broadband photodetection applications. However, broadband photodetectors with both high responsivity and fast response time remain a challenging issue for all the researchers. This review paper is organized as follows. Section I introduces the fundamental properties and broadband photodetection performances of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), perovskites, topological insulators, graphene, and black phosphorus (BP). This section provides an in-depth analysis of their unique optoelectronic properties and probes the intrinsic physical mechanism of broadband detection. In Section II, some innovative strategies are given to expand the detection wavelength range of 2D material-based photodetectors and enhance their overall performances. Among them, chemical doping, defect engineering, heterostructure construction, and strain engineering way are found to be mor effective for improving their photodetection performances. The last section addresses the challenges and future prospects of 2D material-based broadband photodetectors. Furthermore, to meet the practical requirements for very large-scale integration (VLSI) applications, their work reliability, production cost and compatibility with planar technology should be paid much attention.
Tools to Dissect Lipid Droplet Regulation, Players, and Mechanisms
Authors: Liu Jinmin , Aye Yimon
Published: February 2025

Spurred by the authors’ own recent discovery of reactive metabolite-regulated nexuses involving lipid droplets (LDs), this perspective discusses the latest knowledge and multifaceted approaches toward deconstructing the function of these dynamic organelles, LD-associated localized signaling networks, and protein players. Despite accumulating knowledge surrounding protein families and pathways of conserved importance for LD homeostasis surveillance and maintenance across taxa, much remains to be understood at the molecular level. In particular, metabolic stress-triggered contextual changes in LD-proteins’ localized functions, crosstalk with other organelles, and feedback signaling loops, and how these are specifically rewired in disease states, remain to be illuminated with spatiotemporal precision. We hope this perspective promotes an increased interest in these essential organelles and innovations of new tools and strategies to better understand context-specific LD regulation critical for organismal health.
Clinical Significance of LINC00261 in the pathogenesis of Pancreatic, Colorectal, Hepatocellular, and Gallbladder Cancer
Authors: Bana Sanjana , Daffara Sia , Dagar Aastha , Tiwari Ashutosh Kumar , Medhi Kanupriya , Mukherjee Sagarika , Uttam Vivek , Ansari Md Rizwan , Tuli Hardeep Singh , Yadav Vikas , Jain Aklank
Published: February 2025

Pancreatic (PC), colorectal (CRC), hepatocellular (HCC), and gallbladder (GC) cancers together account for nearly 20% of all cancer cases. However, specific biomarkers and therapeutic targets for these cancers are lacking. Diagnosing these cancers early and providing timely, appropriate treatment to improve patient outcomes is crucial. In this context, previous studies, including ours, have highlighted the potential of non-coding RNAs, particularly long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), in diagnosing and prognosis various cancers. This review focuses on the mechanistic role of the recently identified lncRNA LINC00261 in PC, CRC, HCC, and GC. Our comprehensive literature analysis revealed that LINC00261 functions as a tumor suppressor, and its reduced expression is associated with larger tumor size, advanced tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stages, lymphatic metastasis, and poorer overall survival rates. Additionally, we discovered that LINC00261 acts as a molecular sponge for miRNAs such as miR-550a-3p, miR-23a-3p, miR-148a, miR-324-3p, and miR-105-5p, regulating critical cancer-related signaling pathways, including PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Protein kinase B, and Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Further bioinformatic analysis revealed that LINC00261 regulates key cellular processes such as protein-DNA complex formation, ribonuclease complex activity, histone deacetylase complexes, and nuclear matrix interactions. Overall, we believe that LINC00261 holds significant promise as a future biomarker and, when combined with existing treatment strategies, may enhance cancer patient care and survival.
Gender Differences in Orthostatic Vascular Stiffness Increases and Vascular Aging
Authors: Dorogovtsev¹ Victor N. , Yankevich¹ Dmitry S. , ²Tsareva Valentina M. , Punin Denis A. , Borisov Ilya V. , Dekhnich Natalya N. , Grechko Andrey V.
Published: February 2025

Early detection of signs of the vascular stiffness increasing in a young population may contribute to the development of more effective strategies for the primary prevention of arterial hypertension and other age-related cardiovascular diseases.
Aim of the study: To investigate gender differences in orthostatic increase in vascular stiffness during the head-up tilt test (HUTT) standardized by hydrostatic column height.
Materials and Methods: 133 healthy adults aged 18-20 years (93 females, 40 males) were examined. Blood pressure and pulse wave velocity at the brachial-ankle artery site (baPWV) were measured. An orthostatic increase in arterial stiffness was assessed during the passive orthostatic test (HUTT) using the Luanda protocol to standardize the height of the hydrostatic column. The functional reserve coefficient (FRC) of orthostatic circulatory regulation was proposed to assess the adaptive capacity: FRC = ΔbaPWV / baPWVb. This coefficient includes structural (baPWVb) and functional (ΔbaPWV = baPWVt - baPWVb) components affecting cardiovascular adaptation, which change multidirectionally with age. Results: Baseline values of baPWV (baPWVb) in the horizontal position did not differ significantly between groups and were within normal age ranges. However, baPWV values in the HUTT position (baPWVt) were significantly higher in men (p = 0.0007). In addition, dynamic biomarkers of vascular reserve, including ΔbaPWV and FRC, were also significantly higher in men (p = 0.0009 and p = 0.0064, respectively).
Conclusions: While baseline baPWVb values were comparable between genders, dynamic biomarkers of vascular reserve such as ΔbaPWV and FRC were significantly higher in men. Prospective studies are needed to establish optimal reference values for these dynamic biomarkers, to assess individual trends in vascular aging and the impact of treatment, lifestyle modification and other preventive measures on vascular health.
Marine Bioactive Compounds: Fucoidans and Fucoxanthin, Their Potential Use in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Lewis-Luján Lidianys María , Ochoa Hernandez María Elena , Galvez-Ruiz Juan Carlos , Olivares Arzuaga Nesty , Burboa-Zazueta María Guadalupe , Trujillo-Lopez Sergio , McCarty Mark Frederick , Iloki-Assanga Simon Bernard
Published: February 2025

The major cause for blindness worldwide is age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and its incidence and prevalence are rising. There is no treatment for the early or atrophic forms of AMD. In terms of pathogenesis, the complex interaction of metabolic, functional, genetic, and environmental factors creates a stage for chronically developing changes in ocular structures of the macular region which contribute to varying degrees to the onset and final picture of AMD. Oxidative stress is a constant condition of the retina. Brown seaweed contains bioactive compounds with promising activities that make them interesting for potential use in AMD, such as the polysaccharide fucoidan, the carotenoid fucoxanthin and fucoxanthinol. Considering fucoidans, their heterogeneity requires intensive research to find suitable fucoidans for further applications. Fucoxanthin and its metabolite, fucoxanthinol, have shown antioxidant activities attributed to free radical scavenging and singlet oxygen inactivation in vitro. Fucoxanthin has greater antioxidant activity and is considered a potential protective agent against oxidative stress. This review gives an overview of the recent studies regarding their potential and challenges.
Critical Review of Zitterbewegung Electron Models
Authors: Fleury Marc J.J. , Rousselle Olivier
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a critical review of existing Zitterbewegung models of the electron, assessing their compatibility with Dirac theory, special relativity, and observed particle physics data. We highlight the strengths and limitations of each model, while also introducing a perspective of the electron based on field dynamics rather than particle concepts. Our aim is to determine whether fundamental properties of the electron—such as spin, charge, mass, and relativistic behavior—can be derived from first principles.
The Frequency Response Characteristics of Ge-on-Si Photodetectors Under High Incident Power
Authors: Jiang Jin , Chen Hongmin , Yang Fenghe , Li Chunlai , He Jin , Wang Xiumei , Cui Jishi
Published: February 2025

This study explores the mechanisms responsible for the bandwidth reduction observed in Ge-on-Si photodetectors under high incident light power. We investigate the impact of the carrier-screening effect on the bandwidth through simulations, and we mitigate this effect by increasing the applied bias voltage. The increase in the concentration of photogenerated carriers leads to a reduction in the carrier saturation drift velocity, which reduces the bandwidth of the Ge-on-Si photodetector; this phenomenon is studied for the first time. The bandwidth is determined primarily by the carrier saturation drift velocity when the incident light power is below 2.5 mW, and the decrease in bandwidth that is calculated based on the decrease in carrier saturation drift velocity is consistent with the experimental results. However, when the incident light power exceeds 3 mW, both the carrier-screening effect and the reduction in the carrier saturation drift velocity contribute to the bandwidth reduction. This study provides a good theoretical guicdance for the design of high-power Ge-on-Si photodetectors.
Cd, Pb vs. Zn, Fe Accumulations in Button Mushrooms Fruit (Agaricus bisporus) Grown on Two Substrates
Authors: Popović Brigita , Lončarić Zdenko , Parađiković Nada , Blažinkov Mihaela , Fajdetić Nataša Romanjek
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of heavy metals Cd, Pb, and essential trace elements Zn, Fe in the button mushroom fruits depending to the growing substrate quality (substrate A and B) and time of picking (mushroom picking stages). Be-side that based on the results obtained, the accumulation coefficient of the studied ele-ments from the substrate into the mushroom fruiting bodies was determined. The meas-urement results for Fe, Zn, and Pb concentrations in mushrooms grown on substrate A indicated an increase in their levels toward the end of the production cycle, while Cd con-centrations remained unchanged. In mushrooms cultivated on substrate B, the concentra-tions of Fe, Zn, and Pb increased toward the end of the production cycle, while the con-centration of Cd decreased. The highest accumulation coefficient in mushrooms grown on substrate A was recorded for Zn, with a value of 0.66. The lowest accumulation coefficient in mushrooms from substrate A was recorded for Fe at 0.04, while the coefficients for Pb and Cd were 0.14 and 0.30, respectively. In mushrooms grown on substrate B, the accu-mulation coefficient was highest for Cd at 1.45, while the lowest was observed for Fe at 0.06. The coefficients for Pb and Zn were 0.08 and 0.78, respectively. It can be concluded that concentrations of heavy metals significantly depended on the substrate origin. Alt-hough the accumulation of Cd in button mushroom fruit from substrate B was almost five times higher than from the substrate A all determined values were below the RDA limits set by the European Commission Regulations EC No. 466/2001.
Unmasking Delistings: A Multifactorial Analysis of Financial, Non-Financial and Macroeconomic Variables
Authors: Lansdell Peter Anthony , Botha Ilse , Marx Ben
Published: February 2025

The stability of financial markets is influenced by the strength and transparency of companies listed on stock exchanges. This paper explores how financial, non-financial, and macroeconomic factors influence delisting likelihood among companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE), addressing a limitation in the current body of knowledge that often overlooks the combination of these factors, especially within the context of developing economies. Using a sample of 302 companies delisted between 2010 and 2023, and 302 as a control group, we analyzed 72 variables through a multivariate panel probit regression model. Our findings reveal that delisting decisions are driven by a complex interplay of financial health, governance practices, and macroeconomic conditions. Financial health, including liquidity and market valuation, is crucial in mitigating delisting risk. Non-financial factors, such as corporate governance and shareholder composition, further reduce the likelihood of delisting. Macroeconomic conditions, including inflation, and interest rates, introduce significant external pressures. This study is especially relevant in developing economies like South Africa, where economic volatility adds risks for listed companies. The results provide insights for companies, investors, regulators, and policymakers to ensure a stable and robust stock market and financial system and identify early warning signals for delisting.
Revolutionizing Medical Image Segmentation: A Deep Dive into Challenges and Future of Federated Learning
Authors: Salahuddin Saba , Khan Khan Bahadar , Qayyum Abdul , Ahmed Iftikhar , Saleem Kashif , Saeed Sadia
Published: February 2025

The possibility of medical image segmentation within the domain of a federated learning, Federated Learning (FL) may transform the situation and help solve the critical challenges that exist in common centralized machine learning models. While effective, traditional models are limited by issues like the need of huge surveys, high costs in data assignment, high privacy concerns over sensible wellbeing data. Since improvements in the medical imaging field continue, the adoption of FL is a strategic response to such limitations and can be introduced as a collaborative privacy preserving framework for model training. This was a systematic exploration of the literature from 2017 to 2024 where the Google Scholar literature has been explored for studies indexed with the keywords 'federated learning,' 'medical image segmentation,' and 'privacy preservation.' Specifically, this review did not consider studies that did not directly discuss FL concepts. Twenty-one publications were carefully selected from out of thousands of publications because they are relevant and contribute to the area of treatment. Specifically, seven studies directly approached the extent of medical image segmentation using FL and address the technological and the practical challenges. The remaining fourteen studies were foundational in that they further elaborated on the architectural and procedural elements of FL frameworks that are essential for collaborative and secure medical image analysis. A review of the selected studies is presented in detail in the review in terms of the effectiveness of FL in improving medical image segmentation while protecting patient privacy. It makes a powerful evaluation of the strengths and weakness of present FL model, the versatility of data sets, the diversity of the imaging modalities addressed, and scalability of these models across various clinical conditions. Such synthesis of this literature underscores the fact that FL can revolutionize medical diagnostics with opportunity to produce more robust, scalable, and privacy friendly models.
Dendrite Structure Refinement and Mechanical Property Improvement of a Single Crystal Superalloy
Authors: Sun Hongyuan , Ma Dexin , Zhao Yunxing , Wei Jianhui , Gong Xiaoyi , Sun Zhongyuan
Published: February 2025

In the present work, the effect of different casting processes on the microstructure and creep properties of the second-generation single-crystal superalloy DD419 was investigated. Under conventional production conditions and a contour-suited thermal insulation method, single crystal rods of types A and B were fabricated, respectively. In comparison to rods A, the solidification process of rods B featured a 1.6-fold increase in the temperature gradient and a 32% reduction in primary dendrite spacing. The γ/γ’ eutectic in the as-cast microstructure, the residual eutectic phase, and porosity after heat treatment were also significantly reduced, resulting in the improved homogeneity of the single crystal castings. Under the testing conditions of 850°C/650MPa and 1050°C/190MPa, the stress rupture life of sample B was enhanced by 25% and 5.2%, respectively, compared to sample A. Therefore, due to dendrite structure refinement, the stress rupture life of the superalloy was evidently improved, especially at medium temperature.
Influencia del marketing de contenidos en la decisión de compra de los consumidores de la bebida natural Tandem fresh (Lima – Perú), 2023
Authors:   , Huisa Guerra Erick Jairo Elvis , Sanchez Vallejos Raul Joao
Published: February 2025

La pesquisa tiene como propósito central evaluar la forma en que el marketing de contenidos incide en la decisión de adquirir productos. de los consumidores de Tandem Fresh. Para alcanzar este objetivo, se implementó una aproximación sustentada en la cuantificación, con un diseño de recolección simultánea y sin alteración deliberada de las condiciones existentes. El grupo de estudio consistió en consumidores de Tandem Fresh en Lima, seleccionándose una muestra de 120 participantes. Este estudio recopiló datos relevantes sobre como el marketing de contenidos afecta en la decisión de compra que toman los consumidores, mediante un cuestionario estructurado que evaluó diversos aspectos vinculados con las variables y dimensiones. Los hallazgos evidenciaron que el marketing de contenidos ejerce un efecto directo y significativo en la decisión de compra que toman los consumidores de la bebida natural Tandem Fresh; además, se encontró que las estrategias de contenido que destacan los beneficios saludables y naturales del producto son particularmente efectivas. Estos resultados están respaldados por la relación causal observada, evidenciada por un coeficiente de Nagelkerke de 0.953 (95.3%). En consecuencia, se confirma la hipótesis que sugiere una influencia significativa del marketing de contenidos en la decisión de compra, proporcionando una base sólida para futuras estrategias de marketing en este sector.
Gestión del talento humano y su relación con el desempeño laboral de las personas con discapacidad de tipo auditiva e intelectual en las empresas de materiales de construcción Sodimac y Maestro zona norte (Lima - Perú), 2023
Authors:   , Cotillo Ramos Jaime Joel , Saravia Chavez Lady Norma
Published: February 2025

La gestión del talento humano es valiosa para el éxito organizacional, sobre todo en entornos laborales inclusivos. La investigación analiza cómo la Gestión del talento Humano influye en el desempeño de las personas con discapacidad auditiva e intelectual. En este contexto, gestionar adecuadamente a estas personas es clave para fomentar la inclusión, maximizar su potencial, así como mejorar el rendimiento laboral, beneficiando tanto a los empleados como a la organización. Además, favorece el cumplimiento legal y un entorno laboral positivo. La metodología aplicada fue de enfoque cuantitativo con un diseño no experimental, abarcando una población (720 personas) y muestra (250 encuestados), recolectando datos a través de cuestionarios. Los resultados revelaron una relación directa entre la GTH y el desempeño laboral (DL), con una correlación positiva entre las variables que demuestra que las organizaciones adoptan enfoques proactivos como también personalizados obtienen mayor compromiso y rendimiento de empleados con discapacidad. Se concluye que es fundamental continuar con los planes de integración y desarrollo para personas con discapacidad, así como promover cursos de capacitación relacionados con sus funciones, vinculados a una correcta evaluación del desempeño, para impulsar la integración y crecimiento de todos los empleados, sin importar sus capacidades.
Relaciones interorganizacionales en el turismo: una mirada desde los costos de transacción
Authors: Betancourt Rodríguez Libnazaret , Eljadue Pérez Isadora , Cortés Bracho Oriana Carola
Published: February 2025

La comprensión del turismo como sistema de relaciones colaborativas entre empresas, no puede perder de vista la necesidad de mantener las relaciones lo más estable posible en el tiempo. Desde la perspectiva económica, la cooperación es una alternativa a las transacciones de mercado cuando los agentes hacen acuerdos de intercambio discrecional para mejorar conjuntamente su desempeño y competitividad; sin embargo, los resultados se pueden solapar con la aparición de comportamientos inadecuados. Es por ello que, los costos de transacción se convierten en un lente de interés que podría explicar la dinámica de las relaciones colaborativas y competitivas simultáneas en el sector turístico. De esta manera, el artículo se propone revisar teóricamente los aportes provenientes de la economía de los costos de transacción, para comprender las relaciones entre organizaciones que conforman el turismo; lo que llevó a adoptar una metodología cualitativa documental, como estudio interpretativo conceptual, recopilando los principales aportes teóricos y evidenciando la confirmación y yuxtaposición de estos postulados en la investigación empírica rescatada de bases de datos relevantes. Los principales hallazgos revelaron que las organizaciones optan por un gobierno de integración vertical cuando el sistema turístico coopera bajo el respaldo de un marco institucional. Así también, los sistemas turísticos conforman una forma híbrida de gobernanza. Una parte de las transacciones se deja al mercado (mediado por la palabra y la confianza), mientras que la otra se traduce en contratos de garantías, principalmente cuando existen activos idiosincrásicos que generan comportamientos oportunistas.
Performance Assessment of Graphene Oxide Nanosheets for Enhancing Oilwell Cement Integrity Under High-Pressure High-Temperature Conditions
Authors: Shahzar Mohd , Sharma Shivanjali , Saxena Amit , Chowdhury Satyajit
Published: February 2025

Graphene oxide nanosheets (GO-NS) were investigated as an additive to improve the effectiveness of oilwell cement slurries under high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) conditions. Various concentrations of GO-NS (0–0.01 wt% BWOC) were added to Class G cement slurries, and their effects on compressive strength, rheology, fluid loss, elastic characteristics, physical properties, and microstructure were examined. Incorporating 0.01 wt% GO-NS enhanced the real-time compressive strength by 47% within 24 hours and the ultimate compressive strength by 72% relative to the base slurry. Rheological analyses demonstrated complex rheological behavior (shear thinning to shear thickening) and elevated viscosity by incorporating GO-NS. Fluid loss decreased by 44.7% at a concentration of 0.01 wt% GO-NS. The Young’s modulus (YM) decreased by 26.5%, although the Poisson’s ratio (PR) raised from 0.197 to 0.225, signifying enhanced ability to withstand stresses. The integration of GO-NS resulted in a considerable reduction in the porosity and permeability of the cement cores, accompanied by an increase in the grain density. Microstructural research indicated that GO-NS facilitated the development of a denser and more homogeneous cement matrix by occupying voids and improving particle packing. The optimal concentration of the GO-NS was determined to be 0.01 wt% BWOC. GO-NS exhibits considerable promise as a multifunctional additive for enhancing wellbore cement performance and integrity under HPHT conditions, thus diminishing the necessity for corrective cementing procedures.
Deciphering the Role of DNA Methylation-Driven Genes in Rectal Cancer: Insights into Prognostic Modeling and Mechanistic Pathways
Authors: Liu Weipeng , Tian Lugao , Zheng Yongbin
Published: February 2025

Background
DNA methylation alterations play a crucial role in rectal cancer development. This study identifies and characterizes DNA methylation-driven genes in the TCGA-READ cohort, exploring their association with rectal cancer development and the underlying mechanism.
Methods
DNA methylation-driven genes were identified using MethylMix package and subjected to gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis via cluster profiler package. Prognostic model development involved Lasso regression and ten-fold cross-validation, followed by performance evaluation using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, time-dependent ROC curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis. Cancer-promoting mechanism underlying high risk score group was clarified through gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and multi-algorithm-based immune infiltration analyses.
Results
GO enrichment analysis highlighted significant functional terms based on 490 DNA methylation-driven genes, implicating Wnt signaling and cell fate commitment in rectal cancer development. The developed prognostic model, consisting of CCNI2, LINC00899, and ST6GALNAC1, exhibited high predictive accuracy. Differential gene expression analysis identified 89 underexpressed genes in the high-risk score group, with SULF1 identified as a hub gene. The negative regulation process of malignant tumor-associated pathways is suppressed, and the decreased infiltration abundance of cytotoxic cells, such as NK cells, may represent a potential mechanism for the poor prognosis observed in the high-risk score group.
Conclusions
Our findings elucidate the landscape of DNA methylation-driven genes in rectal cancer. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of rectal cancer progression and provide potential targets for therapeutic intervention.