bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Near Peer Teaching of Surgical Physical Examination Skills in a Large Academic Medical Centre in Asia
Authors:   Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Fong Jie Ming Nigel , Gan Ming Jin Eugene ,   Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Lim Yan Zheng Daniel ,   Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Ngiam Jing Hao Nicholas ,   Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Yeung Lok Kin Wesley ,   Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Tay Sook Muay ,   Department of Anaesthesia, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
Published: September 2018

The surgical physical examination is a fundamental part of medical training. We describe our experience with a near-peer teaching program for surgical physical examination skills, which involved senior medical students tutoring junior students starting their clinical rotations. We assessed scores on an Objective Structured Clinical Examination of the abdominal, vascular, and lumps examination before and after teaching. There was improvement in scores for all examinations and overall positive feedback from all students. This suggests that near-peer teaching may be a useful adjunct to faculty-led teaching of clinical skills.
Role of Public Distribution System in Andhra Pradesh an Analysis
Authors: Satyanarayana Vanguru. Naga , Babu Dr. M. Rajasekhara
Published: September 2018

Public Distribution System in India has been one of the most crucial elements in food policy and food security system in the country. Public Distribution System in has close links with food security for the vulnerable segment of population. It is so because Public Distribution System is considered as a principal instrument in the hands of the government for providing safety net to the poor and thedowntrodden. Public Distribution System is the largest distribution network of its kind in the world. It emerged out as rationing measure in the backdrop of Bengal famine as well as a war-time measure during Second World War. The Government of India in an effort to ensure fair supply of food items to all citizens of India instituted Fair Price Shops (FPS) under Public Distribution System (PDS). Essential commodities such as Rice, Wheat, Sugar, Kerosene, etc., are supplied to the targeted underprivileged sections as per the eligibility and at fixed by the Government of India. In spite of the best efforts by Government officials at various levels, there are a few bottlenecks and inconveniences to the targeted citizens in availing the services provided. Over the years, Public Distribution System has expanded enormously as poverty alleviation and food security measure to become a permanent feature of Indian Economy. The Andhra Pradesh state incorporated various modifications from time to time to make its implementation more relevant for the masses and to increase its effectiveness. This paper analyzes that whether Public Distribution System is able to achieve its objective of providing food security to the people. The present paper discusses a brief review of welfare schemes and also makes a study of existing Public Distribution System in Andhra Pradesh. An attempt has been made in this study to ascertain the problems prevailing in Public Distribution System and to recommend suggestions to make Public Distribution System is more effective
A refined description of initial symbolic number acquisition
Authors: Krajcsi Attila , Fintor Edina
Published: September 2018

The Give a Number (GaN) task is used to characterize the initial acquisition of symbolic numbers. Recent observations may imply that the assumptions of the original description about the development of initial symbolic numbers acquisition can be inaccurate. First, there may be children who know larger numbers than 4 and, still, they do not know all other numbers from their counting list. Second, the knowledge about these first numbers may not be all-or-nothing but it may be a more gradual knowledge. Here, a modified version of the GaN task was used to directly investigate these two properties of the development. Measuring 3- and 4-year-old children it was found that there are large-number-subset-knowers, and the knowledge about numbers is not all-or-nothing around the edge of children’s known number range. These results suggest that a modified version of the GaN task would be more suitable to capture a detailed pattern of numerical development: Instead of the titration method all numbers of interest should be used, and numbers larger than 5 should also be measured. Because subset-knowers may know numbers beyond 4, these results may also challenge the Object Tracking System account of the initial symbolic number learning.
Effects of Heat Affected Zone Softening Extent on the strength of Advanced High Strength Steels Resistance Spot Weld
Authors: Rezayat Hassan , Ghassemi-Armaki Hassan , Babu Sudarsanam Suresh
Published: September 2018

Resistance spot welds made from Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSS) exhibit Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) softening due to the tempering of pre-existing martensite phase and the consequent decomposition into a mixture of ferrite and cementite. Despite the high strength level for the base metal, the occurrence of HAZ softening may lead to inferior joint strength during Tension-Shear (TS) and Cross-Tension (CT) testing. In this work, we investigated the effects of the HAZ softening on the global loading response for AHSS steels with three different volume fractions of martensite. Microhardness mapping was used as a measure of martensite tempering and extent of softening. Based on the data, the softening was identified in the sub-critical heat affected zone. Hardness drop with the magnitude of 6%, 18%, and 42% was observed in steels with 16%, 52% and 100% of martensite volume fraction (MVF), respectively. In order to model the welded joint loading response using finite element methods (FEM), there is a need to represent the softening in terms of stress-strain relationships. In this work, local stress-strain curves for different weld zones were obtained by scaling the base metal constitutive properties with local hardness ratio. Finite element (FE) simulations of Tension-Shear tests showed that HAZ softening can affect the Tension-Shear load capacity of specimens more significantly when the base metal tensile strength is above 1000 MPa. The paper will discuss the validity of the above finite element approach for describing experimental results and future directions.
A new Barremian (Early Cretaceous) ichthyosaur from western Russia
Authors: Fischer Valentin , Masure Edwige , Arkhangelsky Maxim S. , Godefroit Pascal
Published: September 2018

A new ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur, Sveltonectes insolitus, gen. et sp. nov., is described from a sub-complete and three-dimensionally preserved specimen from the late Barremian of western Russia. This new taxon is supported by 11 cranial, dental, and postcranial autapomorphies, and is also characterized by features previously considered as autapomorphic for some other Ophthalmosauridae, such as a processus narialis on the prefrontal and relatively long hind fins with pre- and postaxial accessory digits. We conducted a new phylogenetic analysis of Thunnosauria, which supports a ‘Stenopterygius’ origin for Ophthalmosauridae. Sveltonectes is regarded as the sister taxon of Aegirosaurus, which shares a similar skull roof construction. Contrary to most other Cretaceous ichthyosaurs, Sveltonectes is characterized by delicate and sharply pointed teeth, confirming that the ophthalmosaurids were ecologically highly diversified during the Early Cretaceous.
Orthoclads from Eocene Amber from Sakhalin (Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae)
Authors: Baranov Viktor , Andersen Trond , Perkovsky Evgeny
Published: September 2018

Four Middle Eocene orthoclad species, Heterotrissocladius naibuchisp. n., Paraphaenocladius nadezhdaesp. n., Pseudosmittia kodrulaesp. n. and Smittia sukachevaesp. n.. are described and figured. Based on the combination of the diptera fauna composition and paleobotanical data, suggestions on the climate and habitats of the Sakhalin amber forest are given.
The first definite record of a Valanginian ichthyosaur and its implications on the evolution of post-Liassic Ichthyosauria
Authors: Fischer Valentin , Clément Arnaud , Guiomar Myette , Godefroit Pascal
Published: September 2018

A complete ichthyosaur rostrum, with 124 associated teeth, was recently discovered in Laux-Montaux locality, department of Drôme, southeastern France. The associated belemnites and ammonites indicate a late Valanginian age (Neocomites peregrinus Zone, Olcostephanus nicklesi Subzone) for this fossil, which consequently represents the first diagnostic ichthyosaur ever reported from Valanginian strata. This spec- imen also represents the first occurrence of Aegirosaurus outside the Tithonian (Upper Jurassic) lithographic limestones of Bavaria (southern Germany). Tooth morphology and wear pattern suggest that Aegirosaurus belonged to the “Pierce II/ Generalist” feeding guild, which was hitherto not represented in post-Liassic ichthyosaurs. Most Late Jurassic ichthyosaurs actually crossed the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary.
Morphometry and Development: Changes in Brain Structure from Birth to Adult Age
Authors: Tamnes Christian K. , Østby Ylva
Published: September 2018

This chapter gives an overview of the field of brain morphometry and development from birth to adult age, including selected methodological considerations and fields of application. Brain development is an area of research where morphometry studies have greatly increased our knowledge, revealing organized patterns where regional differences in cortical, subcortical and white matter structural maturation play a role for cognitive development. Studies show that early rapid increases in grey matter structures are generally followed by decreases, whereas white matter continues to increase throughout childhood and adolescence. The chapter also highlights the importance of developmental perspectives in structural neuroimaging studies for our understanding of clinical conditions such as schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders and epilepsy.
Floodplain succession pattern along Budhi-Rapti River bank, Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Chhetri Kunwar Dhiraj , Baniya Chitra Bahadur
Published: September 2018

Riverine floodplain is one of the most productive lowland ecosystems in Nepal. However, floodplain ecology is less understood due to its fluctuation. Budhi-Rapti River in Chitwan, central Nepal formed a floodplain along the Khorsor zone of Barandabhar corridor. This study was carried out to understand the floodplain ecosystem development after plant succession. The space for time substitution method of vegetation sampling was adopted in order to sample the floodplain created at different chronosequence. The floodplain that lies perpendicular to and 200 m away from the Budhi-Rapti river was sampled. Systematic sampling was done along two parallel transects, almost 200 m apart from each other. Sampling along the transect started right after 200 m away from the Budhi-River bank. Initial position of these transects towards Budhi-Rapti river was believed to be the youngest floodplain, which slowly getting older after passing away from the river. Abundance of vascular plant species was recorded in sample plots of 20 × 20 m each subdivided equally into 4 subplots (each of 100 m2). Along each transect, vegetation data was recorded from a series of 20 plots, placed 50 m apart from each other. Successional scores were calculated and utilized as environmental variables after applying non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (NMDS) through metaMDS. Total and life form (herbs, shrubs and trees) richness patterns were calculated. Altogether, 158 species of vascular plants under 60 families and 136 genera were recorded. Gramineae was the richest family followed by Leguminosae, Asteraceae and Cyperaceae. Total species richness showed significant negative correlation with the NMDS1 and NMDS2, which justified a convergent pattern of succession. Herb, orchid and shrub species richness also showed significant declining pattern with NMDS1. Persicaria barbata, Parthenium hysterophorus, Ageratum conyzoides and Typha angustifolia were early succession indicator species; whereas Albizia lucidior, Miliusa velutina, Ficus hispida, Bauhinia purpurea and Brassaiopsis glomerulata were the late succession tree species. This study agreed with the convergent model of succession.Botanica Orientalis – Journal of Plant Science (2017) 11: 12–26
Akuisisi Tanah-Tanah Rakyat: Problem HGU PT. BMS DI Rejang Lebong Dan Jalan Penyelesaiannya
Authors: Dellah R. Rezky , Salim, S.S., MA. M Nazir
Published: September 2018

Abstract :  In 1988, PT. BMS Acquired Cultivation Rights Title (CRT/HGU) for 6.925 acres in Kabupaten Rejang Lebong. The land acquisition process after CRT has been given through land relinquishment, however PT. BMS only able to relinquish people’s land for 2.046 acres. This condition caused uncertainty of land rights upon community. Later on, the condition caused overlapping of land ownership and authorization of PT. BMS CRT, ended by the reclaiming and cancellation upon the land right. Formal legal perspective and descriptive analytic study describe several issues related to the constraints of the right and status of land for the farmers. This study found some fundamental issues, first related to objects of CRT as state land. Legally, it was considered flawed because the company only released less than half of the rights, triggering reclaimings by the residents who assumed that it was their land. Therefore, the state should seek ways to strengthen the rights of peasants with the scheme of redistribution or the reinforcement of the right to avoid land right conflicts. This review offers main alternative policy solution scheme: Redistribution, the granting of a Right License, or a plasma core plantation scheme. Intisari: Pada tahun 1988, PT BMS memperoleh Hak Guna Usaha seluas 6.925 Ha di Kabupaten Rejang Lebong. Proses perolehan tanah HGU-nya lewat pembebasan lahan masyarakat, namun PT BMS hanya mampu membebaskan tanah masyarakat 2.046 Ha sehingga menimbulkan ketidakpastian hak atas tanah masyarakat. Kondisi tersebut kemudian mengakibatkan terjadinya tumpang tindih pemilikan dan penguasaan tanah pada areal HGU PT BMS yang berakhir dengan reklaiming dan pembatalan hak atas tanah. Perspektif legal formal dan deskriptif analitis kajian ini menjelaskan beberapa hal terkait kendala kedudukan hak dan status bagi petani penggarap. Kajian ini menemukan beberapa hal mendasar, pertama terkait obyek HGU sebagai tanah negara yang cacat hukum karena perusahaan hanya membebaskan kurang dari separo hak yang diberikan, sehingga menimbulkan gelombang reklaiming oleh warga yang merasa lahan tersebut adalah miliknya. Oleh karena itu, negara semestinya berupaya memberikan penguatan hak bagi petani penggarap dengan skema redis atau penguatan hak untuk menghindari konflik ketidakpastian hak garapannya. Kajian ini menawarkan skema solusi alternatif kebijakan utamanya: Redistribusi, pemberian Surat Izin Hak Garap, atau skema perkebunan inti plasma.
Konflik Tanah Bengkok di Pedesaan Jawa Kontemporer
Authors: Priyatmoko Heri
Published: September 2018

Intisari:Tulisan ini membahas proses konflik tanah bengkok di Desa Telukan yang terjadi pada permulaan abad XXI. Masyarakat pedesaan dicitrakan komunitas yang tenang, jauh dari sikap kritis, dan hidup guyub rukun mendadak berubah dengan pecahnya konflik tanah bengkok. Tanah bengkok dipahami warga sebagai kekayaan desa yang harus dijaga dan umumnya berlokasi tidak jauh dari desa. Sengketa agraria ini dipicu oleh rasa ketidakpuasan masyarakat terhadap pamong desa dan tokoh masyarakat yang melakukan tukar guling tanah kas desa. Sebagian masyarakat merasa ditinggalkan oleh aparatur desa dalam mengambil keputusan penting itu. Akumulasi kekecewaan warga tersalurkan dengan membentuk organisasi Format dan melancarkan aksi demonstrasi yang digelar beberapa kali. Konflik tanah ini menyebabkan kehidupan desa sempat memanas dan masyarakat terbelah dalam beberapa kubu, yaitu mendukung ruislag, menolak, dan netral. Konflik atau ketegangan sosial merembet di ranah politik yang tercermin dalam pemilihan kepala desa dan Badan Permusyawaratan Desa (BPD). Kelompok yang bersengketa masing-masing mengajukan jagonya demi memenangkan kasus tukar guling. Kenyataan ini menunjukkan bahwa konflik tanah telah berimbas pada kehidupan sosial-politik masyarakat. Abstract: This paper discusses the conflict of tanah bengkok (communal land managed by the village government) in Telukan village in early 21st century. Villagers are depicted as calm and peaceful communities and lack of critical thinking. However, the hamonious life in Telukan village suddenly became a chaos due to the conflict related to tanah bengkok. The people recognize tanah bengkok as a property of the village that needs to be preserved. This land is usually located close to the village. Agrarian dispute was triggered by the lost of trust toward the village leaders and public figures who were supposed to conduct the ruislag of tanah bengkok. Some villagers felt that they were not involved in taking communal decisions by their leaders. The people’s disappoinment triggering them to established an organisation and several demonstrations. The community was divided into several groups: those who support the ruislag, those who refuse, and status quo. This conflict was spread to the political sphere, showed in the election of Kepala Desa (head of village) and Badan Permusyawaratan Desa (Village’s Representative Board). The disputing groups chose their own representatives in order to win the ruislag case. This signifies the evidences that the agrarian dispute impacted on the people’s socio-political lives.
Zalihe biomase mrtvog drva u šumskim ekosustavima bukve (Fagus sylvatica L.) na području zapadnog Balkana, Bugarska
Authors: Dimitrova Violeta
Published: September 2018

Mrtva stabla imaju važnu ulogu u funkcioniranju i produktivnosti šumskih ekosustava kroz utjecaj na biološku raznolikost, akumulaciju ugljičnog dioksida, promet hranjivih tvari i tok energije, hidrološke procese, zaštitu tla te regeneraciju šumskih vrsta. Isto tako, mrtvo drvo osigurava uvijete za očuvanje važnih staništa. Povijesno gledano, uklanjanje mrtvog drva iz sastojine provodi se već dugi niz godina kao mjera zaštite od štetnih insekata i gljiva koji se smatraju prijetnjom zdravoj šumi. Takva praksa dovodi do smanjenja količine mrtvog drveta u šumskim ekosustavima do kritično niskih razina, koje nisu dovoljne za održavanje vitalnih populacija mnogih šumskih vrsta. Tijekom zadnjih godina, nacionalno zakonodavstvo uvelo je nove postavke, posebno one koje se odnose na razvoj i upravljanje Natura 2000 područjima, a kojima se, za procjenu stanja šumskih staništa, zahtijeva informacija o količini ove komponente. U tom smislu, cilj ovog istraživanja bio je dobiti kvantitativne podatke o zalihama mrtve šumske biomase u bukovim zajednicama u zapadnom Balkanu.
Količina dubećeg mrtvog drva izračunata je pomoću tablice visinskih klasa i promjer; metoda uzorkovanje na linijskim transektima korištena je za određivanje zalihe ležećeg mrtvog drva. Thomasova ljestvica korištena je za procjenu stupnja raspadanja dubeće mrtve biomase a 4-stupanjska harmonizirana ljestvica ležeće mrtvo drvo (Tablica 2) i panjeve (Tablica 3). Kao rezultat istraživanja provedenih u bukovim zajednicama,utvrđeno je da ukupna zaliha biomase mrtvog drva varira u rasponu od 14,48 do 41,8 m3 ha–1. Biomasa dubećeg mrtvog drva bila je 6,7-17,5 m3 ha–1, a biomasa ležećeg mrtvog drva bila je 3,4-26,5 m3 ha–1, dok je biomasa panjeva bila 0,28-6,4 m3 ha–1 (Tablica 5). Promatrano dubeće mrtvo drvo bilo je uglavnom u četvrtom stupnju razgradnje. Pretežna stopa razgradnje za ležeću biomasu bila je B, a za panjeve C i D (Tablica 6).
Prema rezultatima ovih istraživanja može se generalizirati da je postotak ukupne količine mrtvog drva u ukupnoj šumskoj zalihi nedostatan iz perspektive povoljnog stanja očuvanja.
A new location record of European polecat (Mustela putorius L.) from northeastern forests in Turkey
Authors: Gündogdu Ebubekir
Published: September 2018

The present study deals with European Polecat Mustela putorius found at one locality (near the Kop River in Bayburt) on the region of Eastern Black Sea of Turkey. This species are new records for the Northeastern Anatolia and the city of Bayburt. European polecat was previously reported from the region of Marmara, Trakya and Western Black Sea. The morphological and distributional features of this species are presented.
INCREASING ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF CONTACT DEVICES OF THE DISTILLATION AND RECTIFICATION PLANTS AND DEGREE OF BIOETHANOL PURIFICATION
Authors: Bulii Yu.V. , Obodovych O. M.
Published: September 2018

The aim of the work was a study the energy efficiency of the heads and fusels concentrating column and beer still, the degree of purification of ethanol in the process of the separation of light fraction and the efficiency of the process of а beer distillation by increasing residence time of the liquid on the trays for contact with the vapor.

The technology of rectification with controlled cycles of fluid retention on the stages of the contact and its overflow without mixing to the adjacent trays is proposed. For implementing the method the experimental column was equipped with scaly trays with coaxial arrangement of scales, which excluded the linearity of the fluid motion. The overflow holes of each tray is alternately opened and closed by movable valves associated with the driving mechanism in accordance with the controller program. Change the cross-section of the trays at 45-50 % resulted in an immediate reduction of rate of vapor and provided the spilled liquid through the overflow hole and the gap of scales. Due to this time the overflow was reduced from 5 to 2 seconds.

It was studied that the increasing of the residence time of the beer on the trays to 12 seconds can increase the concentration of alcohol in beer distillate by 28 % in comparison with the standard columns.

The coaxial arrangement of scales eliminates the possibility of formation of stagnant zones and burning of suspended particles of a beer. Specific consumption of heating steam to the process distillation not exceed 16 kg/dl of absolute alcohol of a beer.

In the process of the separation of light fractions with the fluid retention on trays to 20 seсonds a degree of extraction of aldehydes, higher alcohols of fusel oils and methyl alcohol grew on average by 30 %, the multiplicity of concentration of light and intermediate impurities increased by 32 %. The consumption of heating steam for the distillation process was reduced to 14 kg/dl of absolute alcohol.

To increase the efficiency of contact devices, it is advisable to prolong the residence time of the liquid on the trays until close to the equilibrium state of phases, and to provide overflow of liquid without mixing to the adjacent trays, to use trays with full compensation of co-current and alternating cross-section.
ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN TRENDS OF BIOENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: Zheliezna T.A. , Bashtovyi A.I.
Published: September 2018

Purpose of the paper is to analyze main trends of bioenergy development in the EU, identify successful examples and existing problems and also to suggest some recommendations on implementing the best European practices in Ukraine’s bioenergy sector. State of the art and prospects for the development of bioenergy in the EU-28 until 2030 are presented. It is shown that bioenergy is an important part of European Union’s energy sector and the biggest contributor to renewable energy production. The EU is getting on quite well with achieving its RES 2020 targets set by the Directive 2009/28/EС. By now at least ten counties have already attained their obligatory share of renewable energy in the gross final energy consumption. According to expert estimation, under further pursuing of the favourable policy, the present share of RES in EU’s energy consumption may double and reach about 34% in 2030. Main features of bioenergy part in different EU’s energy production and consumption sectors are analyzed. Traditionally, in the EU, biomass contributes mostly to heat production and its leading part among other RES in the sector is expected to remain beyond 2020. The situation in Ukraine is in line with this trend. The difference is that in the EU most part of heat is produced combined with power, and in Ukraine there are few biomass CHP plants. Besides, power production from biomass is behind other RES in Ukraine in contrast with the EU. Based on the main trends existing in the EU, one can recommend the priority development of biomass CHP to Ukraine and also some higher contribution of biomass to power production compared with other RES. In addition it is suggested that Ukraine should pay more attention to the production and consumption of second generation biofuels and implementation of sustainability criteria in the bioenergy sector.
Traumatic lumbar spondylolisthesis resulting in complete thoracic spinal cord avulsion: an unusual presentation
Authors: Toms Jamie , Boyer David L. , Kelman Craig R. , Vega Rafael A.
Published: September 2018

Traumatic spondylolisthesis is a known occurrence in trauma, but complete cord transection is relatively rare. Moreover, complete cord transection at a site distant from the traumatic spondylolisthesis without spondyloptosis is exceedingly rare. In this report, authors describe the first case of thoracic cord avulsion following a traumatic grade II lumbar spondylolisthesis. The unusual presentation of this case highlights the importance of further evaluating patients with neurological symptoms out of proportion with the injuries seen on initial imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging performed after initial imaging studies demonstrated T11 cord transection with the distal cord herniating into the lumbar paraspinal soft tissues, thus allowing for preoperative planning to prepare for a more significant intervention including complex dural repair and lumbar drain placement, in addition to instrumented fusion to stabilize the traumatic spondylolisthesis.
Dirección de comunicación y sector de telecomunicaciones: estudio de caso
Authors: Recalde Mónica , Gutiérrez-García Elena
Published: September 2018

Desde la academia, la comunicación y su papel en la gestión de las compañías continúa siendo objeto de intenso debate. Sin embargo, cuando se profundiza desde un ángulo estratégico, apenas se hallan análisis empíricos equiparables a otras realidades de gestión. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la estructura y la actividad del departamento de comunicación de tres empresas de referencia en el sector de telecomunicaciones español: Telefónica, Vodafone y Orange. Para ello, se ha empleado una metodología cualitativa basada en cuestionarios y entrevistas en profundidad. Entre los resultados, se apunta a la complejidad de su organización, la importancia de la representación y participación en los órganos de dirección, así como a la influencia de la comunicación en la coordinación interdepartamental.
Perencanaan Campuran Lapis Aspal Beton Permukaan Dengan Asbuton Butir Sebagai Filler
Authors: Surat Surat , Gazalie Rifanie , Mumamiroh Pazilatul
Published: September 2018

The objective of this research was to use mineral in asbuton as filler and asphalt will be taken into account to reduce the use of oil asphalt in Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course. The material used in this research was aggregate crushed stone from Katunun Mountain, Tanah Laut Regency, South Kalimantan, asphalt Pen 60/70 production of Pertamina and Asbuton grade 15/20. Use of Asbuton 7% in Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course mixture with optimum asphalt content   of 5.25% mixed properties of  VIM 3.5%, VMA 15.7%, VFB 77,9%, Stability 1484 kg,         Flow 3.3 mm, VIM PRD 3.0%, Stability  remaining 90.8% obtained. At the optimum asphalt content of 5.25%, mixed experiments with Asbuton grains were varied, 5.0%, 9.0%, 11.0% and 13.0%. The Marshall test showed that the greater the addition of Asbuton, the higher the stability value, the sequential stability value of 1058 kg, 1449 kg, 1509 kg and 1600 kg. Flow range from 3.1 mm to 3.5 mm. The VIM 3.5% up to 5.6%, VMA 15.75% up to 16.87%, VFB 68.1% up to 71.9%. The experimental results with Marshall testing of the asphalt mixture qualities meet the Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course criteria.
Pavement Design Comparative Analysis Using Bina Marga Design Method (Pt T-01-2002-B) And Pavement Design Manual (No.04/Se/Db/2017) (Case Study: Trisakti Port - Liang Anggang)
Authors: Lestari Utami Sylvia , Resentia Nurhafni Karina
Published: September 2018

Traffic load repetition is the main variable in flexible pavement layers design. In addition, a soil bearing capacity factor is also required for determining the thickness of the flexible pavement layer so that the pavement had been designed will be in good perfomance during the that period. The determination of thickness layers using the 2002 method (Pt T-01-2002 B) is based on the traffic load during the design period and subgrade resilient modulus value. Meanwhile the 2017 method (Pavement design manual No. 04/SE/Db/2017), layers thickness was determined based on traffic load and CBR subgrade value. Based on the calculation using both methods, the pavement layers thickness with the pavement design manual 2017 method is more thick than 2002 method. While the ESAL calculation using both methods, the 2002 method value is more larger than the pavement design manual 2017 method.
Pengaruh Pelatihan Edukator Sebaya terhadap Pengetahuan tentang Gizi Seimbang pada Siswa di SMUN 16 Makassar
Authors: Jafar Nurhaedar , Indriasari Rahayu , Syam Aminuddin , Kurniati Yessy
Published: September 2018

RINGKASANRemaja rentan mengalami masalah gizi karena berbagai hal. Salah satu cara untuk mengatasi masalah gizi tersebut adalah dengan menerapkan pola hidup gizi seimbang. Teman sebaya menjadi salah satu mediator yang prospektif untuk mengupayakan perubahan nilai dan perilaku kesehatan pada remaja. Namun sebelum edukator sebaya melakukan edukasi pada temannya, mereka perlu memperbaiki pengetahuannya tentang gizi seimbang. Penelitian ini ingin melihat efektifitas pelatihan educator sebaya terhadap pengetahuan siswa tentang gizi seimbang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMUN 16 Makassar. Penelitian ini merupakan studi intervensi. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling dan jumlah sampel yang terpilih adalah 40 siswa. Analisis data dilakukan dengan SPSS versi 16 menggunakan uji T berpasangan untuk menilai perbedaan pengetahuan responden sebelum dan setelah intervensi.  Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa bahwa setelah pelatihan edukator sebaya, terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan responden tentang gizi seimbang pada kategori baik, yaitu dari 17,5% sebelum pelatihan menjadi 70% setelah pelatihan, meningkat sebesar 52,5%. pengetahuan responden yang pada kategori cukup mengalami penurunan, yaitu dari 45% sebelum pelatihan menjadi 25% setelah pelatihan, menurun sebesar 20%. Pengetahuan responden pada kategori kurang mengalami penurunan juga, yaitu dari 37,5% sebelum pelatihan menjadi 5% setelah pelatihan dilakukan, menurun sebesar 32,5%. Dari penelitian ini disimpulkan, bahwa pelatihan yang dilakukan efektif untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan responden. Edukator gizi yang telah dilatih diharapkan dapat menularkan pengetahuan yang dimilikinya kepada teman-teman sebayanya. Selain itu, program-program promosi kesehatan, terutama gizi seimbang harusnya gencar dilakukan di sekolah, mengingat sekolah merupakan tempat membentuk perilaku sehat yang diharapkan akan terus bertahan hingga remaja memasuki fase dewasa.Key Word: remaja, gizi, pelatihan, sebaya, pola makan
Kepatuhan Diet Pasien DM Berdasarkan Tingkat Pengetahuan Dan Dukungan Keluarga Di Wilayah Puskesmas Sudiang Raya
Authors: Kartini Thresia Dewi , Amir Aswita , Sabir Muh.
Published: September 2018

Pengetahuan dan dukungan keluarga merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi kepatuhan diet bagi penderita diabetes mellitus. Oleh karena itu sangat penting untuk meningkatkan Kepatuhan dalam menaati diet DM untuk menstabilkan kadar glukosa darah pada penderita diabetes mellitus, adanya kepatuhan dapat mengembangkan rutinitas (kebiasaan) yang dapat membantu penderita dalam menjalani diet.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat pengetahuan dan dukungan keluarga dengan kepatuhan diet pada pasien Diabetes Mellitus di. wilayah Puskesmas Sudiang Raya Kecamatan Biringkanaya Kota MakassarPenelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional dengan menggunakan rancangan cross sectional. Sampel adalah pasien DM rawat jalan di wilayah Puskesmas Sudiang Raya yang berjumlah 48 0rang yang dipilih secara accidental sampling. Pengetahuan dan dukungan keluarga diperoleh dari kuesioner. Kepatuhan diet pasien diperoleh melalui recall 24 jam selama 2 hari tidak berurut. Analisis hubungan antara variabel dilakukan uji chi square. Data disajikan dalam bentuk tabel distribusi frekuensi dan narasi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan gizi pasien DM di wilayah Puskesmas Sudiang Raya baik (79.2%), umumnya keluarga mendukung (87.5%), pasien DM tergolong tidak patuh (91.7%). Hasil uji statistik antara variabel menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara pengetahuan gizi dengan kepatuhan diet (p=0.621), dan tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara dukungan keluarga dengan kepatuhan diet pasien DM di wilayah Puskesmas Sudiang Raya (p=0.71).Disarankan agar dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan mempertimbangkan pasien DM yang meminum obat, pasien DM yang suntik insulin, kadar gula darah pasien, riwayat penyakit lain yang didiagnosa langsung oleh dokter serta mengoptimalkan instrument penelitian untuk menghindari data yang bias.
Edukasi Gizi terhadap Pengetahuan dan Kebiasaan Jajan pada Siswa SMP Negeri 35 Makassar
Authors: Pakhri Asmarudin , Chaerunnimah Chaerunnimah , R Rahmiyati
Published: September 2018

One effort to increase knowledge is to educate health about nutrition especially. Nutrition education is essentially an activity to deliver a health message to a community or group in the hope of influencing the behavior of the target. The habit of snacking is part of the action-shaped behavior that becomes a pattern of the behavior of a person or group that tends to be difficult to change. This study aims to determine the effect of nutritional education on knowledge and habits of jajan at students of SMP Negeri 35 Makassar. The type of research is pre experimental study with one group pre-test and post-test design. The location of the research was conducted at SMP Negeri 35 Makassar. Samples are students of class VIII of 100 students obtained by simple random sampling. The study was conducted on April 8 - April 22, 2017. The results are presented in tabular and narrative form. Based on the results of research conducted at SMP Negeri 35 Makassar shows that the knowledge of students before given less than 58% of good nutrition education and good (42%) using Wilcoxon statistical test obtained value (p=0,000) which means there is influence of education Nutrition to knowledge in students. In the habit of snack before given nutrition education that is as much (63%) and good as much (37%), using Wilcoxon statistic test obtained value (p=0,372) which means there is no effect of nutritional education to snack habits on students. Nutrition education with reverse sheet media shows there is an influence on knowledge but there is no effect on the snack habits. Keywords: Knowledge, Nutrition Education, Pocket Habits
Sosyal Bilgiler Dersinde Eşya Tarihini Araştırmak: Eşyanın da Tarihi Mi Olurmuş!
Authors: Kabapınar Yücel , Sağlamgöncü Ahmet
Published: September 2018

2005
yılı Sosyal Bilgiler öğretim programında okul dışı öğrenme kapsamında yerel
tarih, sözlü tarih, aile tarihi, tarihsel ve coğrafi mekânlar ile müze
gezilerine yer verildiği görülmektedir. Bu araştırmada ise okul dışı
öğretim yöntemlerinden biri olarak eşya tarihi yaklaşımı ele alınmıştır.Bu doğrultuda
araştırmanın amacı, Sosyal Bilgiler derslerinde yeni bir araştırma ve öğrenme
yaklaşımı olarak eşya tarihini sınıfta uygulamak, öğrencilerin
gerçekleştirdikleri eşya tarihi proje sürecini değerlendirmek ve sürece ilişkin
paydaşların görüşlerini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırma nitel bir araştırma olup
araştırma deseni eylem araştırmasıdır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Adana
ilinin Seyhan ilçesinde yer alan bir devlet okulunun 5. sınıf öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır.
Çalışmaya 11’i erkek, 10’u kız olmak üzere toplam 21 öğrenci katılmıştır.
Araştırmanın veri toplama araçlarını öğrenciler tarafından hazırlanan eşya
tarihi proje ödevleri, öğretmen ve öğrencilerle yapılan görüşme formları ile
okulun Sosyal Bilgiler öğretmeni ve çalışmaya katılan 4 öğrenci ile sürece
ilişkin yapılan bir anket çalışması oluşturmaktadır. Öğrenciler bireysel ya da
iki kişilik grup olarak hazırladıkları eşya tarihi projesi kapsamında
seçtikleri bir eşyanın tarihine ilişkin bilgi toplamış, bu bilgileri eşyaya ait
görsellerle desteklemiş, yararlandıkları kaynakları projelerinin kaynakça
kısmında belirtmişler, 40 yaş üstü 3 kişiyle projelerinde kullandıkları eşyaya
ilişkin görüşme yapmışlar ve araştırma sonuçlarını rapor halinde sunmuşlardır.
Araştırma sonuçları öğrencilerde sürekliliği kavramanın değişimi kavramaktan görece
daha zor olduğunu göstermektedir. Öğrenciler eşya tarihi projesinde eşyaların
ilk hallerinden yola çıkarak geçmiş dönemdeki yaşamlara dair çıkarımda
bulunmuşlar; geçmiş dönemle günümüz dönemi arasında kıyaslama yapabilmişler; eşyaların/araç
ve gereçlerin geçmiş dönemlerdeki teknolojik özellikleri hakkında fikir sahibi
olmuşlar, bu eşyaları kullanan büyükleriyle yaptıkları mülakatlarda
büyüklerinin yaşadıkları zorlukları öğrenmişler ve empati kurabilmişlerdir.
Multiple Attribute Decision-Making Method Using Linguistic Cubic Hesitant Variables
Authors: Ye Jun , Cui Wenhua
Published: September 2018

Linguistic decision making (DM) is an important research topic in DM theory and methods since using linguistic terms for the assessment of the objective world is very fitting for human thinking and expressing habits. However, there is both uncertainty and hesitancy in linguistic arguments in human thinking and judgments of an evaluated object. Nonetheless, the hybrid information regarding both uncertain linguistic arguments and hesitant linguistic arguments cannot be expressed through the various existing linguistic concepts. To reasonably express it, this study presents a linguistic cubic hesitant variable (LCHV) based on the concepts of a linguistic cubic variable and a hesitant fuzzy set, its operational relations, and its linguistic score function for ranking LCHVs. Then, the objective extension method based on the least common multiple number/cardinality for LCHVs and the weighted aggregation operators of LCHVs are proposed to reasonably aggregate LCHV information because existing aggregation operators cannot aggregate LCHVs in which the number of their hesitant components may imply difference. Next, a multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) approach is proposed based on the weighted arithmetic averaging (WAA) and weighted geometric averaging (WGA) operators of LCHVs. Lastly, an illustrative example is provided to indicate the applicability of the proposed approaches.
Analysis of Basic Features in Dynamic Network Models
Authors: Zufiria Pedro J. , Barriales-Valbuena Iker
Published: September 2018

Time evolving Random Network Models are presented as a mathematical framework for modelling and analyzing the evolution of complex networks. This framework allows the analysis over time of several network characterizing features such as link density, clustering coefficient, degree distribution, as well as entropy-based complexity measures, providing new insight on the evolution of random networks. First, some simple dynamic network models, based only on edge density, are analyzed to serve as a baseline reference for assessing more complex models. Then, a model that depends on network structure with the aim of reflecting some characteristics of real networks is also analyzed. Such model shows a more sophisticated behavior with two different regimes, one of them leading to the generation of high clustering coefficient/link density ratio values when compared with the baseline values, as it happens in many real networks. Simulation examples are discussed to illustrate the behavior of the proposed models.
Study on a Novel Fault Damage Degree Identification Method Using High-Order Differential Mathematical Morphology Gradient Spectrum Entropy
Authors: Zhao Huimin , Yao Rui , Xu Ling , Yuan Yu , Li Guangyu , Deng Wu
Published: September 2018

A damage degree identification method based on high-order difference mathematical morphology gradient spectrum entropy (HMGSEDI) is proposed in this paper to solve the problem that fault signal of rolling bearings are weak and difficult to be quantitatively measured. In the HMGSEDI method, on the basis of mathematical morphology gradient spectrum and spectrum entropy, the changing scale influence of structure elements to damage degree identification is thoroughly analyzed to determine its optimal scale range. The high-order difference mathematical morphology gradient spectrum entropy is then defined in order to quantitatively describe the fault damage degree of bearing. The discrimination concept of fault damage degree is defined to quantitatively describe the difference between the high-order differential mathematical entropy and the general mathematical morphology entropy in order to propose a fault damage degree identification method. The vibration signal of motors under no-load and load states are used to testify the effectiveness of the proposed HMGSEDI method. The experiment shows that high-order differential mathematical morphology entropy can more effectively identify the fault damage degree of bearings and the identification accuracy of fault damage degree can be greatly improved. Therefore, the HMGSEDI method is an effective quantitative fault damage degree identification method, and provides a new way to identify fault damage degree and fault prediction of rotating machinery.
Multi-Objective Evolutionary Rule-Based Classification with Categorical Data
Authors: Jiménez Fernando , Martínez Carlos , Miralles-Pechuán Luis , Sánchez Gracia , Sciavicco Guido
Published: September 2018

The ease of interpretation of a classification model is essential for the task of validating it. Sometimes it is required to clearly explain the classification process of a model’s predictions. Models which are inherently easier to interpret can be effortlessly related to the context of the problem, and their predictions can be, if necessary, ethically and legally evaluated. In this paper, we propose a novel method to generate rule-based classifiers from categorical data that can be readily interpreted. Classifiers are generated using a multi-objective optimization approach focusing on two main objectives: maximizing the performance of the learned classifier and minimizing its number of rules. The multi-objective evolutionary algorithms ENORA and NSGA-II have been adapted to optimize the performance of the classifier based on three different machine learning metrics: accuracy, area under the ROC curve, and root mean square error. We have extensively compared the generated classifiers using our proposed method with classifiers generated using classical methods such as PART, JRip, OneR and ZeroR. The experiments have been conducted in full training mode, in 10-fold cross-validation mode, and in train/test splitting mode. To make results reproducible, we have used the well-known and publicly available datasets Breast Cancer, Monk’s Problem 2, Tic-Tac-Toe-Endgame, Car, kr-vs-kp and Nursery. After performing an exhaustive statistical test on our results, we conclude that the proposed method is able to generate highly accurate and easy to interpret classification models.
Gaussian Multiple Access Channels with One-Bit Quantizer at the Receiver †,‡
Authors: Rassouli Borzoo , Varasteh Morteza , Gündüz Deniz
Published: September 2018

The capacity region of a two-transmitter Gaussian multiple access channel (MAC) under average input power constraints is studied, when the receiver employs a zero-threshold one-bit analogue-to-digital converter (ADC). It is proven that the input distributions of the two transmitters that achieve the boundary points of the capacity region are discrete. Based on the position of a boundary point, upper bounds on the number of the mass points of the corresponding distributions are derived. Furthermore, a lower bound on the sum capacity is proposed that can be achieved by time division with power control. Finally, inspired by the numerical results, the proposed lower bound is conjectured to be tight.
Applied Research on Distributed Generation Optimal Allocation Based on Improved Estimation of Distribution Algorithm
Authors: Yang Lei , Yang Xiaohui , Wu Yue , Liu Xiaoping
Published: September 2018

Most of the current algorithms used to solve the optimal configuration problem in the distributed generation (DG) of electricity depend heavily on control parameters, which may lead to local optimal solutions. To achieve a rapid and effective algorithm of optimized configuration for distributed generation, a hybrid approach combined with Bayesian statistical-inference and distribution estimation is proposed. Specifically, a probability distribution estimation model based on the theory of Bayesian inference is established, then a posteriori probability model with the prior distribution and the conditional distribution is generated, and new individual generators are formed into a dominant group. The information of each individual of this dominant group is used to update the probability model and the updated posteriori probability is used for sampling until the optimal solution is obtained. Finally, the 12 bus, 34 bus and 69 bus radial distribution system is used as an example and comparison is performed to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Total Cost of Ownership Based Economic Analysis of Diesel, CNG and Electric Bus Concepts for the Public Transport in Istanbul City
Authors: Topal Orhan , Nakir İsmail
Published: September 2018

As across the world, in Turkey, several studies have been carried out by local government to use sustainable and 100% zero-emission public transport following increased public awareness. Increasing greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) due to transportation systems in the world make it necessary to establish “zero-emission sustainable transportation systems” in Turkey. In this study, an economic analysis based on actual field data is presented for Istanbul Electricity, Tramway and Tunnel General Management (IETT) to seek the suitability of an electric bus concept for Istanbul conditions. For this purpose, a dynamic model based on the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) from well to wheel has been proposed for the three groups of transportation, namely diesel, CNG (compressed natural gas) and electric buses. The data source used in the proposed approach is created by performing actual field performance tests for diesel, CNG and electric buses under real Istanbul road, time, and trip conditions. Afterwards, the Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Payback Period (PB) methods considering TCO values and updated unit prices are carried out for the investment versus profitability analyses to compare the different public bus concepts. The results show that the electric bus concept with a charging station depot achieving sustainable and zero-emission goals will be the driving force to advance the electric bus concept for Istanbul Public Transport.