bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Emotion Detection Model Using Dusky Canidae Optimization-Based Deep CNN Classifier
Authors: Padman Sweta Nishant , Magare Dhiraj
Published: April 2024

Emotion detection involves distinguishing the complex nature of emotions, cross-cultural variations, and ethical considerations. The proposed model addresses cross-cultural issues through diverse training and ensures ethical data usage through advanced machine-learning techniques to enhance accuracy. The research aims to develop a Dusky Canidae Optimization-based Deep Convolutional Neural Network model (DCO opt deep CNN) for emotion recognition in audio-visual data, benefiting various advancements. During preprocessing, audio and video are separated to enhance sound quality and eliminate data redundancy while retaining vital information. Features are then extracted and employed for training and testing using the automation and effectiveness of Deep CNNs. The concatenated features are optimized using a hybrid approach that combines Dusky Hawk and Canidae Wolf Optimization (CWO), offering simplicity and interpretability with optimal parameter settings. The proposed DCO model effectively classifies emotions within the data. Evaluating the database, the DCO model exhibits a performance enhancement of 1.28%, 2.91%, and 1.28% in accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity with respect to the existing learner memorizing optimization-based deep NN model.
A Novel Dual U-Net Generative Adversarial Network for Image Inpainting
Authors: Yuan Jianjun , Wu Hong , Wu Fujun
Published: April 2024

Thanks to the rapid development of deep learning in recent years, image inpainting has made significant progress. As a fundamental task in the field of computer vision, many researchers are committed to exploring more efficient methods, and state-of-the-art research results prove that generative adversarial networks (GAN) have superior performance. However, due to the inherent ill-posedness of image inpainting tasks, these approaches suffer from lack of detailed information, local structural fractures or boundary artifacts. In this paper, we leverage the properties of GAN architecture to process images in more detail and more comprehensively. A novel dual U-Net GAN is designed to inpaint images, which is composed of a U-Net based generator and a U-Net-based discriminator. The former captures semantic information of different scales layer by layer and decodes it back to the original size to repair damaged images, while the latter optimizes the network by combining reconstruction loss, adversarial loss, perceptual loss and style loss. In particular, the U-Net-based discriminator allows per-pixel detail and global feedback to be provided to the generator, guaranteeing the global consistency of the inpainted image and the realism of local shapes and textures. Extensive experiments demonstrate that for different proportions of damage, the images inpainted by our proposed model have reasonable texture structure and contextual semantic information. Furthermore, the proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art models in both qualitative and quantitative comparisons. The code will be available at https://github.com/yjjswu .
Pattern-Based Recommender System Using Nuclear Norm Minimization of Three-Mode Tensor and Quantum Fidelity-Based K-Means
Authors: Banouar Oumayma , Raghay Said
Published: April 2024

Recommender systems (RSs) consist of predicting missing ratings based on the observed ones. This problem corresponds to matrix completion where users are its rows and items are its columns and it contains the observed ratings. An efficient RS is the one promoting the personal relevancy of its users which is not the case in the matrix completion process. It takes into account all the rates for prediction without including the users’ and items’ characteristics. Patterns are the key enablers of such solutions. In this work, we present a three-mode tensor representation with two aspects namely user–item interactions (observed ratings) and item–item relationship (detected similarities). To capture the similarities, the patterns are grouped in an equivalent manner using a bi-quantum clustering process (Quantum K-means). This step is adopted to consider only the relevant observed ratings in the prediction process and express item-to-item relationship using fidelity distance. Then, for each missing rating r that a user u might give to an item i in the future, a sub-tensor is created according to the detected patterns. This sub-tensor then is completed by minimizing its rank. This problem is NP-hard, hence a surrogate is used which is the nuclear norm. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is measured according to information retrieval evaluation criteria: precision, recall and [Formula: see text]-measure. The proposed approach improved the precision of the state-of-the-art methods by 20[Formula: see text].
Multi-Objective Topology Optimization of Acquisition Pointing and Tracking System
Authors: Gao Bo , Yang Hongtao , Chen Weining , Wang Hao , Fei Jiaqi , Qi Zimiao
Published: April 2024

There is a growing need for the lightweight acquisition, tracking, and pointing (APT) system during satellite launches due to the escalating demand in space missions. The APT system may work under multiple loading cases during different launch steps. Hence, this study introduces an innovative amalgamation of genetic operation and bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) to fulfill the multi-objective requirements through the attainment of Pareto optimal fronts. A typical instance in two dimensions illustrates the effectiveness of the innovative multi-objective approach by contrasting the outcomes acquired from a solitary fulfillment requirement under two distinct burdens. Furthermore, the novel multi-objective method is utilized to remove inefficient material from the APT system by 20.12%. To ensure the safety of the lightweight design, the simulation and experiment of random vibration are both investigated according to the fundamental natural frequency of the launcher.
Spatial Data Prediction Model Integrated with K-Nearest Neighbor Mechanism in Neural Networks
Authors: Song Xin , Zhu Liang , Zhang Yu , Liu HaiBo
Published: April 2024

Traditional methods of spatial interpolation, such as inverse distance weighting (IDW) and ordinary Kriging (OK), utilize geographic distance and specific assumptions to simplify the computation of geospatial data complexity. Nevertheless, these conventional approaches are not as practical in obtaining high-precision estimation because of the intricate nonlinear relationship between geographic distance and correlation weights. In this study, a novel spatial interpolation technique, named WFNNKM, is introduced, which integrates the K-nearest neighbor (KNN) mechanism with a neural network to address this challenge. Firstly, the Lebesgue integral is used for clustering, and KNN tuples are obtained by clustering. Secondly, the KNN training task is constructed for interpolation points, and the bias parameters of each point are obtained through training. Finally, the pre-training parameters of a neural network are modified through bias parameters of nearest neighbors to obtain accurate prediction attribute values. In comparison with two conventional methods and three neural network approaches across three soil sample datasets, the results demonstrate a notably superior performance of the suggested approach compared to the five interpolation methods.
A moment map for the variety of Jordan algebras
Authors: Gorodski Claudio , Kashuba Iryna , Martin María Eugenia
Published: April 2024

We study the variety of complex [Formula: see text]-dimensional Jordan algebras using techniques from Geometric Invariant Theory. More specifically, we use the Kirwan–Ness theorem to construct a Morse-type stratification of the variety of Jordan algebras into finitely many invariant locally closed subsets, with respect to the energy functional associated to the canonical moment map. In particular we obtain a new, cohomology-free proof of the well-known rigidity of semisimple Jordan algebras in the context of the variety of Jordan algebras.
A characterization of the subspace of radially symmetric functions in Sobolev spaces
Authors: Ostermann Matthias
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we show that any Sobolev norm of nonnegative integer order of radially symmetric functions is equivalent to a weighted Sobolev norm of their radial profile. This establishes in terms of weighted Sobolev spaces on an interval a complete characterization of radial Sobolev spaces, which was open until now. As an application, we give a description of Sobolev norms of corotational maps.
Moduli spaces of ℤ/kℤ-constellations over 𝔸2
Authors: Graffeo Michele
Published: April 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be a representation of a finite abelian group and let [Formula: see text] be the space of generic stability conditions on the set of [Formula: see text]-constellations. We provide a combinatorial description of all the chambers [Formula: see text] and prove that there are [Formula: see text] of them. Moreover, we introduce the notion of simple chamber and we show that, in order to know all toric [Formula: see text]-constellations, it is enough to build all simple chambers. We also prove that there are [Formula: see text] simple chambers. Finally, we provide an explicit formula for the tautological bundles [Formula: see text] over the moduli spaces [Formula: see text] for all chambers [Formula: see text] which only depends upon the chamber stair which is a combinatorial object attached to the chamber [Formula: see text].
Explicit n-particle harmonic oscillator states in products of SU(1,1) representations
Authors: Kakekaspan Noah , de Guise Hubert
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we present a simple algorithm for the explicit construction of [Formula: see text]-particle harmonic oscillator states simultaneously belonging to irreducible representations of [Formula: see text] (or [Formula: see text]) and [Formula: see text]. For degenerate representations, the construction can be done using generating functions or hyperspherical harmonics. The cases with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are investigated at greater length. The analysis is extended to nondegenerate states, although the states are not so easily obtained as in the degenerate case. Finally, we briefly touch on the [Formula: see text] structure of Bell states.
Does Digital Leadership Impact the Performance of Lower-Middle-Class Hospitals?
Authors: Binsar Faisal , Mursitama Tirta Nugraha , Hamsal Mohammad , Rahim Rano Kartono
Published: April 2024

Even though Indonesia has a large number of hospitals and has experienced significant progress in realizing Universal Health Coverage (UHC), service performance is still relatively low, so many patients seek treatment abroad. The performance of services and care systems in hospitals is often associated with low use of digital technology. The complexity of adopting digital technology in a hospital environment is not an easy thing to do, with the majority of users carrying out digital technology functions being health officers and professionals. This research aims to explore the influence of Digital Leadership in encouraging the adoption of digital technology and its influence on Hospital Performance. Survey data conducted on 285 leaders of Class C and D hospitals spread throughout Indonesia, through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis using Lisrel 8.80, it was found that there was a positive and significant influence on the role of Digital Adoption Capability as a mediation on Hospital Performance. It was found that Digital Leadership has a positive and significant influence on hospital performance both directly and through the mediation of Digital Adoption Capability. Environmental Dynamism factors have also been proven to significantly influence hospital management’s desire to improve performance through the adoption of digital technology. The model resulting from this research provides a comprehensive view of hospital management in developing effective digital technology adoption strategies in facing an ever-changing environment.
An analysis of the Yang 𝕐-function class extension through its incomplete functions
Authors: Kritika K. , Purohit S. D.
Published: April 2024

The new generalized hypergeometric function (Yang [Formula: see text]-function) described by the contour-type Mellin–Barnes integral representation serves as the inspiration for this study. The incomplete Yang [Formula: see text]-functions [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] that we shall introduce here are the appropriate extension of a class of [Formula: see text]-functions by merit of the gamma functions of incomplete type, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. In this work, our objective is to study several remarkable characteristics of these newly introduced incomplete [Formula: see text]-functions viz; reduction formula, derivative, various integral transformations. Additionally, using these newly established incomplete functions, we formulate and solve a generalized fractional kinetic equation in terms of these incomplete [Formula: see text]-functions. Further, we also propose the incomplete [Formula: see text]-functions [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] corresponding to a new generalization of the [Formula: see text]-function.
Numerical Prediction and Experimental Verification of Inherent Defect Influences on Frequencies of Adhesively Bonded Joint
Authors: Akkasali Naveen Kumar , Biswas Sandhyarani , Panda Subrata Kumar
Published: April 2024

The vibrational response of adhesively bonded joints with and without defects in the adhesive layer is predicted by simulation for the different overlapping lengths in this work. The eigenvalue extraction method (Block Lanczo’s) is employed within the finite element analysis (FEA) framework to predict the modal values of adhesively bonded joints. The numerical analysis has adopted a solid 20-node quadratic brick elements with reduced integration (C3D20R) to predict the realistic values. The predicted eigenvalues of adhesively bonded joints using an FEA solution are compared with published data and verified the accuracy of the FEA model through experimentation considering defective and non-defective joints. Additionally, simulation solutions are predicted for different overlap lengths (i.e., 25, 30, 35 and 40 mm) by changing the boundary conditions, adhesive bond thickness aspect ratio, adherend thickness ratio, defect position, and defect aspect ratio. The geometries of the adhesive and adherend significantly affect vibration responses through the dampening effect and structural weight, enhancing the stiffness. Defect position and geometry have negligible impact on the natural frequency values for all overlapping lengths except when located around the overlapping edges.
Nearness Cosets of the Nearness Groups
Authors: Öztürk Mehmet Ali
Published: April 2024

In 2019, Öztürk et al. [Gamma semigroups on weak nearness approximation spaces, Journal of the International Mathematical Virtual Institute 9 (2019) 53–72] defined the first algebraic structure on weak nearness approximation spaces which is the gamma semigroup. After this study, the view on the nearness of algebraic structures has completely changed. This view was first expressed in a previous study in 2021 [M. A. Öztürk, Nearness [Formula: see text]-algebras, Journal of Algebraic Hyperstructures and Logical Algebras 2 (2021) 73–84]. Our aim is to give the concept of modulo in the nearness group [Formula: see text] as in the nearness group [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the set of integers. Afterward, based on the concept of modulo in the nearness group [Formula: see text], the nearness cosets of the nearness group [Formula: see text] are constructed and its basic properties are examined. Lastly, it is seen that Lagrange theorem is not valid for the nearness subgroups as compared to the usual subgroups.
Parameters Optimization and Physicochemical Properties Characterization of Nanobiochar Prepared from Apple Branches by Ball Milling
Authors: Yan Meifang , Li Huijie , Si Bingcheng , Xu Chenyang , Li Min
Published: April 2024

Nanobiochar exhibits promising applications across a spectrum of fields due to its exceptional physicochemical properties. Ball milling, a prominent nanobiochar synthesis method, is influenced by process factors and biochar pretreatments, yet dominant controls still remain uncertain. In this study, the apple branch bulk biochar (pyrolyzed under [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]C) was ball milled under different milling speeds, ball-to-powder mass ratios, and milling durations to investigate the optimal process parameter combinations for ball milling method. Then, we evaluated the impact of pyrolysis temperature and pretreatment temperature of bulk biochar on ball milling effect using optimized parameter combinations. Subsequently, the physicochemical properties of the bulk biochar and nanobiochar were measured. The results showed that high speed with low ball-to-powder mass ratio, low speed with high ball-to-powder mass ratio, and high pyrolysis temperature could significantly decrease the particle sizes of nanobiochar. Ball milling duration and pretreatment temperature had no significant effect on the particle sizes of biochar. The optimal combination of the rotational speed, ball-to-powder mass ratio and milling duration was 400 RPM, 100:1, 2[Formula: see text]h and 700 RPM, 20:1, 2[Formula: see text]h. The bulk biochar pyrolyzed at [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]C could be milled into biochar nanoparticles with an average particle size smaller than 100[Formula: see text]nm via above parameters. Nanobiochar shows improved properties such as specific surface area, cation exchange capacity, and surface functional groups over bulk biochar. This study provides a scientific basis for the widespread application of ball milling in the field of preparing nanobiochar.
Effects of sexual and vertical transmission on Zika virus dynamics under environmental fluctuations
Authors: Biswas Sudhanshu Kumar , Saha Pritam , Ghosh Uttam
Published: April 2024

Zika is a mosquito-transmitted viral disease which may spread directly by the vector or sexual transmission. Zika virus may persist in semen and urine for a long time after disappearance from the blood, those persons are known as the convalescent humans. It can also be transmitted vertically among mosquitoes. In this paper, we have considered an eight-compartment Zika model to study the effect of all the said aspects on the virus dynamics in deterministic as well as stochastic environment. In analytic part, we have computed basic reproduction number and discussed stability of different equilibria. We have shown the proposed model undergoes through transcritical bifurcation when the reproduction number is unity and validate the model with real infection data of Dominican Republic in 2016. To study the model in stochastic environments, the additive noise is taken into consideration which is formulated considering the standard Brownian white noises proportional to each class. We have obtained the condition for disease extinction and persistence in mean. All theoretical findings are justified by numerical simulations. Lastly, the paper is ended with some conclusions.
Involution generators of the big mapping class group
Authors: Altunöz Tüli̇n , Pamuk Mehmetci̇k , Yıldız Oğuz
Published: April 2024

Let [Formula: see text] denote the infinite-type surface with [Formula: see text] ends, [Formula: see text], accumulated by genus. For [Formula: see text], we show that the mapping class group of [Formula: see text] is topologically generated by five involutions. When [Formula: see text], it is topologically generated by six involutions.
Spray pyrolysis–deposited NiO film as a hole-injection layer for CsPbBr3 nanocrystal-based light-emitting diodes
Authors: Nguyen Thi-My-Hanh , Tran Phuong-Nam , Le Quoc-Tuan , Le Quoc-Dat , Luong Van-Duong , Nguyen Cao-Ngoc-Hong , Duong Thanh-Tung
Published: April 2024

In perovskite-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs), employing an inorganic material for the hole-injection layer instead of an organic material is crucial for attaining optimal performance and device stability. This layer needs to exhibit [Formula: see text] -type conductivity with high carrier mobility while being fabricated with a simple and industrially compatible method. In this study, uniform and thin [Formula: see text] -type NiO films were deposited through spray pyrolysis in an air atmosphere. The as-deposited film showed poor crystallinity, and high resistance reduced hole-injection performance. Subsequent thermal treatment at 500∘C enhanced the crystallinity of the layer, reducing resistance and improving LED performance. The film exhibited [Formula: see text] -type semiconductor characteristics, and its carrier mobility, carrier concentration and resistivity were 53.0 × [Formula: see text]cm3, 116cm2⋅ [Formula: see text] and 0.98[Formula: see text] ⋅ [Formula: see text], respectively. Moreover, a compact [Formula: see text] nanocrystal (NC) film as an emitting layer was deposited with a centrifugal coating technique. The resulting LED component featuring a fluoride-doped tin oxide (FTO)/NiO/[Formula: see text] NCs/tris-(1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazole)/LiF/Au structure and demonstrating high luminance, current efficiency and external quantum efficiency (EQE) reached 12,000 cd⋅[Formula: see text], 8.8 cd ⋅ [Formula: see text] and 3.56%, respectively, at 5.5 V. Our work offers a simple and unique approach for accelerating the development of advanced interfacial materials and circumventing major interfacial problems in solution-processed perovskite NC films for high-performance LEDs.
Further study on k-restricted edge connectivity and exact k-restricted edge connectivity of a graph
Authors: Chandran Athira , John Roy , Suresh Singh G.
Published: April 2024

Inspired by the studies on conditional connectivity by Harary [1], we worked on [Formula: see text]-restricted edge connectivity of a graph [Formula: see text] [4]. The [Formula: see text]-restricted edge connectivity of a graph [Formula: see text] is the cardinality of a minimum edge-cut whose deletion disconnects the graph [Formula: see text] into components where each component has order at least [Formula: see text]. In this work, we take into account some results on [Formula: see text]-restricted edge connectivity and the novel parameter exact [Formula: see text]-restricted edge connectivity. In the definition of [Formula: see text]-restricted edge connectivity, we impose some extra constraints to achieve this parameter. In this paper, we consider some fundamental aspects of exact [Formula: see text]-restricted edge connectivity and how they relate to the [Formula: see text]-restricted edge connectivity.
Sintering-induced multiferroicity in 0.93(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3–0.07BaTiO3 ceramics
Authors: Liu Hongbo , Chen Jianguo
Published: April 2024

Two 0.93(Na[Formula: see text]Bi[Formula: see text]TiO3–0.07BaTiO3 ceramics were sintered for 2[Formula: see text]h and 3 h, respectively, by a conventional solid reaction method. The ceramic sintered for 2[Formula: see text]h showed a normal ferroelectric hysteresis loop and paramagnetic behavior, while the ceramic sintered for 3[Formula: see text]h showed a pinched ferroelectric hysteresis loop, weak ferromagnetism, and enhanced magnetoelectric coupling. The origins of the sintering time-related multiferroic properties are discussed in detail. The work offers a new way to induce multiferroicity in ceramics by tuning sintering time.
Performance Monitoring and the Incentives for Exertion of Effort
Authors: Mugerman Yevgeny , Winter Eyal , Yafeh Tomer
Published: April 2024

This paper investigates the impact of monitoring intensity on individuals’ motivation to exert effort. Using an experimental approach, we designed a test comprising six problems, with varied levels of monitoring and success criteria, to evaluate performance as an indicator of effort. The results reveal a nonlinear relationship between the stringency of monitoring criteria and worker performance. Interestingly, we found that optimal performance is attained when participants are required to answer correctly only one of the six problems. This study enhances our understanding of performance monitoring strategies and their effects in modern work settings.
Eigenvalue distributions of high-dimensional matrix processes driven by fractional Brownian motion
Authors: Song Jian , Yao Jianfeng , Yuan Wangjun
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we study high-dimensional behavior of empirical spectral distributions [Formula: see text] for a class of [Formula: see text] symmetric/Hermitian random matrices, whose entries are generated from the solution of stochastic differential equation driven by fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter [Formula: see text]. For Wigner-type matrices, we obtain almost sure relative compactness of [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] following the approach in [1]; for Wishart-type matrices, we obtain tightness of [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text] by tightness criterions provided in Appendix B. The limit of [Formula: see text] as [Formula: see text] is also characterized.
Adaptive Impedance Control for Teleoperation with Event-Triggered Controller
Authors: Zhao Jiangbo , Duan Bowen , Wang Junzheng
Published: April 2024

Uncertainty in the master–slave model is one of the primary factors affecting the transparency of teleoperation systems, and congestion in the master–slave communication network also greatly influences the performance of the teleoperation system. This paper proposes a combined framework of adaptive and impedance control to address the uncertainty in the master–slave model and achieve smooth operation at the slave end. Building upon this linear model, an event-triggered mechanism is designed using Lyapunov functions, with dynamic online adjustment of the triggering threshold parameters. Following the completion of the aforementioned research, control objectives are established to validate the performance of the teleoperation control system proposed in this paper. Finally, simulation verification is conducted in the Matlab/Simulink environment.
Industrialization, FDI Inflow and Climate Change in Africa: A Scenario Analysis
Authors: ALI Muhammad , AWE Emmanuel O. , MOHAMMED Salam S. , ISAH Kazeem O.
Published: April 2024

Despite their promises of wealth creation, productivity increase, and improved living circumstances in Africa, industrialization, and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows have the potential to endanger the continent’s climate, particularly given the nature of energy intensity and associated emissions connected with their expansion. Thus, this study empirically examined the extent to which industrialization and FDI inflows contribute to the predictability of climate change in Africa, focusing on the top 10 greenhouse gas (GHG) emitting countries on the continent with data spanning from 1990 to 2023. Employing a bias-adjusted ordinary least square estimation technique, we considered both in-sample and out-of-sample forecasts that include several scenario analyses. We reveal both industrialization and FDI inflows as significant predictors of climate change in Africa but with varying degrees of environmental threats. This provides the foundation for, among other things, the suggestion that African continental and sub-regional bodies consider the need for differences in climate commitment strategies across the region based on the varying nature and magnitude of manufacturing intensity and FDI inflows, as well as associated GHG emissions and the nature of climate change vulnerability.
Comparing Central Force Formulation in Newtonian and Special Theory of Relativity
Authors: Yusmantoro
Published: April 2024

This research aims to give a comparison between classical mechanics and special relativity in term of formulating central force. We derive the Binet equation in relativistic form and find its solution. Then, we discuss the stability of the orbit and make several plots as well as the comparisons of kinematics variables by taking specific example namely circular orbit. Finally, we investigate the relativistic effect in Rutherford scattering by considering some variables including the closest distance and deflection angle. We believe this paper provides a good example for students about the difference between relativistic and classical central force.
Cross-Sectional Study on the Professionalization of China’s Emergency Management Team
Authors: Wang Fei , Jing Guoxun , Yang Yuzhong , Wu Liyun
Published: April 2024

Ministry of Emergency Management of the People’s Republic of China was established on the basis of the original Work Safety Supervision and Management Department. In addition to assuming the responsibilities of the two committees and four departments, it also administers the four major industries such as non-coal mines, metallurgical industry and trade, hazardous chemicals, fireworks, and firecrackers. The comprehensive coordination quality of the emergency management personnel, and professional quality are constantly improved. This paper conducts a study on the Professionalization of China’s Emergency Management Team, and provides a research basis for further developing the Emergency Management.
Leveraging Frame- and Feature-Level Progressive Augmentation for Semi-supervised Action Recognition
Authors: Tu Zhewei , Shu Xiangbo , Huang Peng , Yan Rui , Liu Zhenxing , Zhang Jiachao
Published: April 2024

Semi-supervised action recognition is a challenging yet prospective task due to its low reliance on costly labeled videos. One high-profile solution is to explore frame-level weak/strong augmentations for learning abundant representations, inspired by the FixMatch framework dominating the semi-supervised image classification task. However, such a solution mainly brings perturbations in terms of texture and scale, leading to the limitation in learning action representations in videos with spatiotemporal redundancy and complexity. Therefore, we revisit the creative trick of weak/strong augmentations in FixMatch, and then propose a novel Frame- and Feature-level augmentation FixMatch (dubbed as F
2
-FixMatch) framework to learn more abundant action representations for being robust to complex and dynamic video scenarios. Specifically, we design a new Progressive Augmentation (P-Aug) mechanism that implements the weak/strong augmentations first at the frame level, and further implements the perturbation at the feature level, to obtain abundant four types of augmented features in broader perturbation spaces. Moreover, we present an evolved Multihead Pseudo-Labeling (MPL) scheme to promote the consistency of features across different augmented versions based on the pseudo labels. We conduct extensive experiments on several public datasets to demonstrate that our F
2
-FixMatch achieves the performance gain compared with current state-of-the-art methods. The source codes of F
2
-FixMatch are publicly available at https://github.com/zwtu/F2FixMatch.
Congestion-aware Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Network-based A* Search Algorithm for Fastest Route Search
Authors: Sui Hongjie , Yan Huan , Zheng Tianyi , Huang Wenzhen , Zhuang Yunlin , Li Yong
Published: April 2024

The fastest route search, which is to find a path with the shortest travel time when the user initiates a query, has become one of the most important services in many map applications. To enhance the user experience of travel, it is necessary to achieve accurate and real-time route search. However, traffic conditions are changing dynamically, and the frequent occurrence of traffic congestion may greatly increase travel time. Thus, it is challenging to achieve the above goal. To deal with it, we present a congestion-aware spatio-temporal graph convolutional network-based A* search algorithm for the task of fastest route search. We first identify a sequence of consecutive congested traffic conditions as a traffic congestion event. Then, we propose a spatio-temporal graph convolutional network that jointly models the congestion events and changing travel time to capture their complex spatio-temporal correlations, which can predict the future travel-time information of each road segment as the basis of route planning. Further, we design a path-aided neural network to achieve effective origin-destination (OD) shortest travel-time estimation by encoding the complex relationships between OD pairs and their corresponding fastest paths. Finally, the cost function in the A* algorithm is set by fusing the output results of the two components, which is used to guide the route search. Our experimental results on the two real-world datasets show the superior performance of the proposed method.
A Survey on the Applications of Semi-supervised Learning to Cyber-security
Authors: Mvula Paul Kiyambu , Branco Paula , Jourdan Guy-Vincent , Viktor Herna Lydia
Published: April 2024

Machine Learning’s widespread application owes to its ability to develop accurate and scalable models. In cyber-security, where labeled data is scarce, Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) emerges as a potential solution. SSL excels at tasks challenging traditional supervised and unsupervised algorithms by leveraging limited labeled data alongside abundant unlabeled data. This article presents a comprehensive survey of SSL in cyber-security, focusing on countering diverse cybercrimes, particularly intrusion detection. Despite its potential, a notable research gap persists, with few recent studies comprehensively reviewing SSL’s application in cyber-security. This study examines state-of-the-art SSL techniques tailored for cyber-security to address this gap. Relevant methods are identified, and their effectiveness is evaluated to empower researchers and practitioners with insights to enhance cyber-security measures. This work sheds light on SSL’s potential in addressing data scarcity in cyber-security domains in addition to outlining new research directions to advance this crucial field. By bridging this research gap, this manuscript paves the way for enhanced cyber-threat detection and mitigation in an increasingly interconnected world.
In Situ Electrochemical Atomic Force Microscopy: From Interfaces to Interphases
Authors: Wang Wei-Wei , Yan Hao , Gu Yu , Yan Jiawei , Mao Bing-Wei
Published: April 2024

The electrochemical interface formed between an electrode and an electrolyte significantly affects the rate and mechanism of the electrode reaction through its structure and properties, which vary across the interface. The scope of the interface has been expanded, along with the development of energy electrochemistry, where a solid-electrolyte interphase may form on the electrode and the active materials change properties near the surface region. Developing a comprehensive understanding of electrochemical interfaces and interphases necessitates three-dimensional spatial resolution characterization. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) offers advantages of imaging and long-range force measurements. Here we assess the capabilities of AFM by comparing the force curves of different regimes and various imaging modes for in situ characterizing of electrochemical interfaces and interphases. Selected examples of progress on work related to the structures and processes of electrode surfaces, electrical double layers, and lithium battery systems are subsequently illustrated. Finally, this review provides perspectives on the future development of electrochemical AFM.
Beta-Gallium Oxide Material and Device Technologies
Authors: Higashiwaki Masataka , Wong Man Hoi
Published: April 2024

Beta-gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3) is a material with a history of research and development spanning about 70 years; however, it has attracted little attention as a semiconductor for a long time. The situation has changed completely in the last ten years, and the world has seen increasing demand for active research and development of both materials and devices. Many of its distinctive physical properties are attributed to its very large bandgap energy of 4.5 eV. Another important feature is that it is possible to grow large bulk single crystals by melt growth. In this article, we first discuss the important physical properties of β-Ga2O3 for electronic device applications, followed by bulk melt growth and thin-film epitaxial growth technologies. Then, state-of-the-art β-Ga2O3 transistor and diode technologies are discussed.
The Budding Neuroscience of Ant Social Behavior
Authors: Frank Dominic D. , Kronauer Daniel J.C.
Published: April 2024

Ant physiology has been fashioned by 100 million years of social evolution. Ants perform many sophisticated social and collective behaviors yet possess nervous systems similar in schematic and scale to that of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, a popular solitary model organism. Ants are thus attractive complementary subjects to investigate adaptations pertaining to complex social behaviors that are absent in flies. Despite research interest in ant behavior and the neurobiological foundations of sociality more broadly, our understanding of the ant nervous system is incomplete. Recent technical advances have enabled cutting-edge investigations of the nervous system in a fashion that is less dependent on model choice, opening the door for mechanistic social insect neuroscience. In this review, we revisit important aspects of what is known about the ant nervous system and behavior, and we look forward to how functional circuit neuroscience in ants will help us understand what distinguishes solitary animals from highly social ones.
Exploring Disposal Efficiency of COD, NH3-N, and Turbidity in Diluted Real Leachate Using Ti/PdO-CoO Electrodes in an Electrooxidation Cell: An Investigation into Oxidation Mechanism and Reaction Kinetics Studies
Authors: Ogedey Aysenur , Oguz Ensar
Published: April 2024

In this study, Pd and Co metal oxides, electrochemically deposited on a titanium (Ti) substrate, were utilized to remove chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH3-N, and turbidity from diluted Bingöl leachate. The plating bath was prepared with 7 mM palladium chloride (PdCl2) and 1 mM cobalt chloride (CoCl2), along with 1.68 M NH4Cl, and 0.16 M H3BO3. In the electrooxidation (EO) cell, the anode consisted of a Ti/PdO-CoO electrode, while the cathode was a stainless-steel electrode. The Ti/PdO-CoO electrode demonstrated an actual functional life of 96 h, as determined through accelerated life testing. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy examinations revealed that the surface of the Ti substrate was coated with PdO and CoO. Turbidity, NH3-N, and COD were electrooxidized indirectly due to the high chloride content (718 mg l−1). In the presence of 10 mM NaCl, the highest removal efficiency for NH3-N, COD, and turbidity was 60.5%, 64.9%, and 96.5%, respectively. The removal of COD, NH3-N, and turbidity fit pseudo-second-order (PFO) kinetics (R2 0.97–0.99). For a COD efficiency of 60.5% at 25 mA cm−2, the corresponding energy consumption, unit energy consumption, and electrode cost were 56.25 kWh m−3, 200.89 kWh/kg-COD, and 2.37 ($/kg-COD), respectively.
Pulmonary blood volume measured by 82Rb-PET in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hartmann Jacob Peter , Lassen Martin Lyngby , Mohammad Milan , Iepsen Ulrik Winning , Mortensen Jann , Hasbak Philip , Berg Ronan M. G.
Published: April 2024

The present study demonstrated that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exhibit central hypovolemia compared with healthy controls. Pulmonary blood volume may thus be a relevant physiological and/or clinical outcome measure in future COPD studies.
Direct Evidence of π–π Interactions in Transparent Organic–Inorganic Polymer Hybrids of Polystyrene and Silica Gel
Authors: Iwamura Takeru , Okuzumi Saki , Adachi Kaoru , Takahashi Masashi , Shiotsuki Masashi
Published: April 2024

Polystyrene and silica gel polymer hybrids derived from polystyrene and phenyltrimethoxysilane via π–π interactions were synthesized by a slight modification of the previous method. Spectroscopic evidence of the π–π interaction is provided. The obtained polymer hybrids were optically transparent, and no phase separation was observed by scanning electron microscopy measurements. In the FT-IR spectrum of the resulting polymer hybrids, the absorption peaks corresponding to C–H wagging vibration shifted to a lower wavenumber range as the content of silica in the hybrids increased. A UV–vis spectrum of the polystyrene and silica gel polymer hybrids showed a shoulder peak at around 260 nm that shifted toward longer wavenumbers side as the content of silica increased. These results clearly indicate that π–π interactions contribute to the formation of these transparent hybrids.
Emerging Trends in Bioavailability and Pharma-Nutraceutical Potential of Whey Bioactives
Authors: Pillai Adhithyan T. , Morya Sonia , Kasankala Ladislaus Manaku
Published: April 2024

Whey, a component of milk and a useful by-product of the dairy industry’s casein and cheese-making, has been used for generations to augment animal feed. It contains a range of proteins, including α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, bovine serum albumin, heavy and light chain immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, glycomacropeptide, and lactoperoxidase. Whey proteins exhibit great potential as biopolymers for creating bioactive delivery systems owing to their distinct health-enhancing characteristics and the presence of numerous amino acid groups within their structures. Whey has considerable factors such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, hypolipidemic, antiviral, and antibacterial properties in addition to chelating. The global market of whey protein stood at USD 5.33 billion in 2021, with a projected compound annual growth rate of 10.48% spanning the interval from 2022 to 2030. The escalating demand for whey protein is intrinsically linked to the amplifying consciousness surrounding healthy lifestyles. Notably, protein supplements are recurrently endorsed by fitness and sports establishments, thereby accentuating the focal point of customers toward whey protein. This review focuses on nutritional composition, whey bioactives, and their bioavailability with potential health benefits.
A Phase I Study of KIN-3248, an Irreversible Small-molecule Pan-FGFR Inhibitor, in Patients with Advanced FGFR2/3-driven Solid Tumors
Authors: Garmezy Benjamin , Borad Mitesh J. , Bahleda Rastilav , Perez Cesar A. , Chen Li-Tzong , Kato Shumei , Oh Do-Youn , Severson Paul , Tam Betty Y. , Quah Cheng S. , Harding James J.
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

Despite efficacy of approved FGFR inhibitors, emergence of polyclonal secondary mutations in the FGFR kinase domain leads to acquired resistance. KIN-3248 is a selective, irreversible, orally bioavailable, small-molecule inhibitor of FGFR1-4 that blocks both primary oncogenic and secondary kinase domain resistance FGFR alterations.

Experimental Design:

A first-in-human, phase I study of KIN-3248 was conducted in patients with advanced solid tumors harboring FGFR2 and/or FGFR3 gene alterations (NCT05242822). The primary objective was determination of MTD/recommended phase II dose (RP2D). Secondary and exploratory objectives included antitumor activity, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and molecular response by circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) clearance.

Results:

Fifty-four patients received doses ranging from 5 to 50 mg orally daily across six cohorts. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (48.1%), gastric (9.3%), and urothelial (7.4%) were the most common tumors. Tumors harbored FGFR2 (68.5%) or FGFR3 (31.5%) alterations—23 (42.6%) received prior FGFR inhibitors. One dose-limiting toxicity (hypersensitivity) occurred in cohort 1 (5 mg). Treatment-related, adverse events included hyperphosphatemia, diarrhea, and stomatitis. The MTD/RP2D was not established. Exposure was dose proportional and concordant with hyperphosphatemia. Five partial responses were observed; 4 in FGFR inhibitor naïve and 1 in FGFR pretreated patients. Pretreatment ctDNA profiling confirmed FGFR2/3 alterations in 63.3% of cases and clearance at cycle 2 associated with radiographic response.

Conclusion:

The trial was terminated early for commercial considerations; therefore, RP2D was not established. Preliminary clinical data suggest that KIN-3248 is a safe, oral FGFR1-4 inhibitor with favorable pharmacokinetic parameters, though further dose escalation was required to nominate the MTD/RP2D.

Significance:

KIN-3248 was a rationally designed, next generation selective FGFR inhibitor, that was effective in interfering with both FGFR wild-type and mutant signaling. Clinical data indicate that KIN-3248 is safe with a signal of antitumor activity. Translational science support the mechanism of action in that serum phosphate was proportional with exposure, paired biopsies suggested phospho-ERK inhibition (a downstream target of FGFR2/3), and ctDNA clearance may act as a RECIST response surrogate.
Schwere Proptose während einer Kataraktoperation
Authors: Ton Lauren , Zhang Wanlin , Saifee Murtaza , Walia Anushka , Oatts Julius , Han Ying
Published: April 2024

Ziel: Wir berichten über einen ungewöhnlichen Fall von schwerer Proptose während der Phakoemulsifikation bei einer 58-jährigen Frau mit Morbus Crohn, bilateraler chronischer Panuveitis, einem vorherigen bilateralen zentralen Netzhautvenenverschluss und unkontrollierter steroidassoziierter okularer Hypertonie, die die bilaterale Implantation eines Ahmed-Glaukom-Drainagegeräts (GDD) mit Pars-plana-Platzierung des Tubus erfordert. Beobachtungen: Während der Phakoemulsifikation des rechten Auges entwickelte die Patientin eine signifikante Proptose. Nach Entfernung des Lidspekulums und mechanischer Augenlidmanipulation löste sich die Proptose innerhalb von 20 Minuten auf, ohne dass eine laterale Kanthotomie erforderlich war. Die Patientin hatte keine dauerhaften visuellen Komplikationen. Schlussfolgerungen und Bedeutung: Die wahrscheinliche Pathophysiologie der intraoperativen Proptose war in diesem Fall die Ansammlung von Flüssigkeit im retrobulbären Raum aufgrund eines funktionierenden Ahmed-Tubus-Shunts mit dem in der Glaskörperhöhle platzierten Tubus. Um diese Komplikation zu vermeiden, kann bei Patienten mit Pars-plana-Tubusplatzierung beim GDD-Eingriff eine gleichzeitige Kataraktoperation in Betracht gezogen werden.