bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Políticas públicas para o desenvolvimento sustentável do estado do Paraná: a função do ICMS-Ecológico na preservação da biodiversidade
Authors: Mariani Cleomar , Myszczuk Ana Paula
Published: September 2020

Tendo como ponto de partida um panorama do conceito de política pública e da importância dos indicadores para a formulação e efetividade das políticas públicas, esta pesquisa tem como propósito apresentar um referencial teórico abordando a função do ICMS-Ecológico como forma de política pública para o desenvolvimento sustentável e a preservação da biodiversidade no Estado do Paraná. Tem como objetivos analisar o modo como se dá a distribuição do ICMS-Ecológico às áreas de conservação e preservação ambiental e demonstrar a efetividade dessa forma de política pública. Para isso foram utilizados como métodos a pesquisa bibliográfica, abordando-se, além das principais características do ICMS-Ecológico, conceitos e teorias relevantes sobre o tema em questão, e também a pesquisa documental, reelaborada para melhor abstração de seu conteúdo. Como resultados têm-se uma reflexão sobre a relevância da implementação de políticas públicas ambientais e, mais especificamente, a comprovação de que a escolha dos indicadores ambientais deve estar voltada a unidades de conservação reconhecidas pelos poderes públicos e atendidas por meio do ICMS-Ecológico. Esta pesquisa permitiu concluir que o ICMS-Ecológico tem representado acima de tudo um incentivo para a conservação ambiental, e não apenas um instrumento de compensação ou mera contribuição para essa prática.
Indicador de salubridade ambiental (ISA) como ferramenta para análise da qualidade ambiental urbana do município de Peabiru – PR
Authors: Bilmayer Ana Flávia , Mezzomo Maristela Moresco , Gonçalves Morgana Suszek
Published: September 2020

A aplicação de indicadores constitui uma ferramenta interessante para obtenção de dados e informações que visam estudar e avaliar diferentes situações urbanas, permitindo novos conhecimentos e análises visando melhorar a qualidade de vida em dimensão social e ambiental. Neste contexto, o Indicador de Salubridade Ambiental (ISA) apresenta-se como uma ferramenta de reconhecimento das condições ambientais, tendo como principal objetivo a promoção do planejamento de políticas públicas orientadas a crescente melhoria das salubridade ambiental e por sua vez, do bem-estar da população. Tendo em vista a aplicabilidade do ISA, foi desenvolvido um estudo na cidade de Peabiru, Paraná, tomando como base as metodologias propostas por São Paulo (1999) e Batista (2005), em que foram analisados quali-quantitativamente o desempenho dos serviços de abastecimento de água, esgotamento sanitário, resíduos sólidos e drenagem urbana que foram amostrados por setores censitários estabelecidos pelo IBGE (2011). O ISA revelou que apenas 1 setor censitário do município foi classificado com situação de salubridade ambiental média, sendo que os outros 13 setores foram enquadrados como baixa salubridade. Os motivos para tal situação envolvem, sintaticamente, a ausência de rede de coleta e tratamento de esgoto e, ainda, à disposição final inadequada de resíduos sólidos, evidenciando a carência de infraestrutura considerada básica.
Taxonomic revision of the Andean genus Xenophyllum (Compositae, Senecioneae)
Authors: Calvo Joel , Moreira-Muñoz Andrés
Published: September 2020

The Andean genus Xenophyllum (Compositae, Senecioneae) is distributed along the high-Andes from northeastern Colombia to northern Chile and northwestern Argentina, mainly thriving in the paramo and puna ecoregions. It comprises suffruticose plants forming dense mats, hummocks, or clumps of erect stems. They are characterized by displaying involucral bracts fused at the base, supplementary bracts absent, and mostly radiate capitula with white ray corollas, seldom yellow or pink (disciform in one species). Traditionally, Xenophyllum species were treated as members of the genus Werneria, a morphologically close genus that includes rosettiform or scapiform perennial herbs. As currently circumscribed, Xenophyllum mostly differs from Werneria in having elongate stems. Herein, the first modern and comprehensive revision of the genus recognizing twenty-two species and two subspecies is presented. Werneria decumbens is synonymized with X. weddellii, as well as X. fontii with X. humile and X. oscartovarii with X. dactylophyllum. Likewise, four varietal names and two sectional names are proposed as new synonyms. Seven names are lectotypified, the name X. sotarense is epitypified, W. decumbens neotypified, and the supraspecific name W. sect. Integrifoliae Rockh. is typified. The combination X. crassum subsp. orientalecomb. nov. is made. Descriptions and distribution maps are provided for all accepted species, in addition to an identification key. Ten species are illustrated, three of them for the first time.
De mineur à expert environnemental
Authors: Berre Sylvain Le , Bretesché Sophie
Published: September 2020

En France, l’exploitation de l’uranium a duré un demi-siècle (1948-2001). L’objet de cette enquête est de prendre en compte le temps long de la fabrique du regard, des gestes et des pratiques, afin de retracer la trajectoire d’apprentissage et de transformation de la vision professionnelle des mineurs, à travers l’âge des paysans mineurs, des mutations de l’âge des machines et des mines à ciel ouvert, jusqu’à la reconversion des dernières équipes en experts environnementaux à partir des années 1990, quand les mines sont fermées et réaménagées. L’article montre que la vision professionnelle des mineurs d’uranium ne se résume pas à une dimension optique, mais mobilise tous les sens, et s’inscrit dans un régime d’attention situé (à soi, aux autres, aux aléas) dans des configurations contextuelles.
Concept of Blockchain Technology and Its Emergence
Authors: U. Padmavathi , Rajagopalan Narendran
Published: September 2020

Blockchain refers to a distributed ledger technology that helps people to regulate and manage their information without any intermediaries. This technology emerges as a promising panacea for authentication and authorization with potential for use in every possible domain including financial, manufacturing, educational institutions, etc. Blockchain has its birth through the concept of Bitcoin, a digital cryptocurrency by Satoshi Nakamoto, called as Blockchain 1.0. Blockchain 2.0 came into existence in 2014 with Ethereum and smart contracts. The challenges such as scalability, interoperability, sustainability, and governance led to the next generation of Blockchain also called as IOTA, a blockchainless cryptocurrency for the internet of things runs on the top of their own ledger called Tangle, which is immune towards quantum computers. This disruptive technology evolved to provide cross chain support and more security through Blockchain 4.0. Finally, the chapter concludes by discussing the various applications of this technology and its advantages and security issues.
Securing IoT Applications Using Blockchain
Authors: K. Sreelakshmi K. , Bhatia Ashutosh , Agrawal Ankit
Published: September 2020

The internet of things (IoT) has become a guiding technology behind automation and smart computing. One of the major concerns with the IoT systems is the lack of privacy and security preserving schemes for controlling access and ensuring the security of the data. A majority of security issues arise because of the centralized architecture of IoT systems. Another concern is the lack of proper authentication and access control schemes to moderate access to information generated by the IoT devices. So the question that arises is how to ensure the identity of the equipment or the communicating node. The answer to secure operations in a trustless environment brings us to the decentralized solution of Blockchain. A lot of research has been going on in the area of convergence of IoT and Blockchain, and it has resulted in some remarkable progress in addressing some of the significant issues in the IoT arena. This work reviews the challenges and threats in the IoT environment and how integration with Blockchain can resolve some of them.
Security Issues of IoT
Authors: Gupta Neha
Published: September 2020

Wireless communication networks are highly prone to security threats. The major applications of wireless communication networks are in military, business, healthcare, retail, and transportations. These systems use wired, cellular, or adhoc networks. Wireless sensor networks, actuator networks, and vehicular networks have received a great attention in society and industry. In recent years, the internet of things (IoT) has received considerable research attention. The IoT is considered as future of the internet. In the future, IoT will play a vital role and will change our living styles, standards, as well as business models. The usage of IoT in different applications is expected to rise rapidly in the coming years. The IoT allows billions of devices, peoples, and services to connect with others and exchange information. Due to the increased usage of IoT devices, the IoT networks are prone to various security attacks.
A Review on the Importance of Blockchain and Its Current Applications in IoT Security
Authors: Bollarapu Manjula Josephine , Kalangi Ruth Ramya , Rao K. V. S. N. Rama
Published: September 2020

In recent years, blockchain technology has attracted considerable attention. As blockchain is one of the revolutionary technologies that is impacting various industries in the market now with its unique features of decentralization, transparency, and incredible security. Blockchain technology can be used for anything which requires their transactions to be recorded in a secure manner. In this chapter, the authors survey the importance of the blockchain technology and the applications that are being developed on the basis of blockchain technology in area of IoT and security.
Blockchain Technology-Security Booster
Authors: Patil Harsha Kundan
Published: September 2020

“Blockchain” as the name suggests is the chain of blocks. It is the chunk of digital information (blocks) that are connected through the public databases (Chain). It is nothing but the newer version of file organisation. Blocks store digital information like actual record of any transaction, details of involve entities in the transaction, time stamps, and other metadata of the transactions. Blocks also have unique ids, which are known as hash. Blockchain technology is built using peer-to-peer networking. Anyone who is on network can access the blocks. There is no centralised community to control the blockchain. It is operated by miners, the peoples who lend their computing power to the network to solve the complex computation algorithm problems. These blocks are stored in multiple computers. Due to its distribution and decentralisation, the validation process is broadcast in nature, which provides it “the trusted approach”. Blockchain enables security and tamperproof capabilities for storing data and smart contracts. Any tampering of data attempted by a node or user in a block changes the hash of the block. The blockchain technology has the capability to face and provides the solution to fight with the problem of risk and security concern online. In 2008, a mysterious white paper titled “Bitcoin: A Peer to Peer Electronic Cash System”, by visionary Satoshi Nakamoto gave birth to the concept of blockchain. The chapter explains the structure of blockchain technology in detail and enlighten the aspects that make blockchain technology the secure concept of today's world.
Amyloid Beta
Authors: Anand Abhinav , Sharma Neha , Gulati Monica , Khurana Navneet
Published: September 2020

Alzheimer's disease (AD), exhibiting accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide as a foremost protagonist, is one of the top five causes of deaths. It is a neurodegenerative disorder (ND) that causes a progressive decline in memory and cognitive abilities. It is characterized by deposition of Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the neurons, which in turn causes a decline in the brain acetylcholine levels. Aβ hypothesis is the most accepted hypothesis pertaining to the pathogenesis of AD. Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) is constitutively present in brain and it is cleaved by three proteolytic enzymes (i.e., alpha, beta, and gamma secretases). Beta and gamma secretases cleave APP to form Aβ. Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) is involved in the clearing of Aβ plaques. AD also involves impairment in UPS. The novel disease-modifying approaches involve inhibition of beta and gamma secretases. A number of clinical trials are going on worldwide with moieties targeting beta and gamma secretases. This chapter deals with an overview of APP and its enzymatic cleavage leading to AD.
Lewy Body Disease
Authors: Walia Vaibhav , Garg Munish
Published: September 2020

Fritz Heinrich Lewy described the intracytoplasmic inclusions found in the neurons for the very first time. In 1919 these inclusions were termed as “LBs” by Tretiakoff. LBs were found in the brain of the patients suffering from Lewy body disease (LBD). LBD is characterized by the presence of Parkinsonian symptoms in the earlier stages and dementia in the later stages of the disease. LBs were classified on the basis of the region of the brain in which they are distributed and so is the case of the LBD means the type of the LBD depends on the anatomical areas of the brain involved. LBD is not a single disorder. It is a spectrum of disorders. This chapter addresses the entire profile of LBs, types, composition, formation, and various LB pathologies as well as diagnostic criteria and pharmacotherapy.
Stroke Rehabilitation and Parkinson's Disease Tremor Reduction Using BCIs Combined With FES
Authors: Adama Sophie V. , Bogdan Martin
Published: September 2020

This article describes how Stroke and Parkinson's disease are two illnesses that particularly affect motor functions. With the advancements in technology, there is a lot of research focusing on finding solutions: to contribute to neuroplasticity in the first case, and to reduce symptoms in the second case. This manuscript describes the design of a brain-computer interface system (BCI) system paired with an electrical muscle stimulation suit for stroke rehabilitation and the reduction of tremors caused by Parkinson's disease. The idea is to strengthen the sensory-motor feedback loop, which will allow a more stabilized control of the affected extremities by taking into account the patient's motivation. To do so, his brain signals are measured to detect his intention to attempt to execute a movement, in contrast to the classical approach where the movement executions are imposed. A first feasibility study was completed. The author's next step is planning to test the system first with healthy subjects and finally with patients.
Role of Diet, Functional Foods, and Nutraceuticals in Brain Disorders
Authors: Patravale Vandana Bharat , Naik Shivraj Vasantrao , Dhage Shrikant Ninaji
Published: September 2020

This chapter presents an overview of various complementary nutritional approaches for the management of brain disorders. Numerous epidemiological studies emphasize the growing burden of brain disorders worldwide. Due to the complex pathophysiology, lack of precise diagnostic and therapeutic options, there is growing need to have alternative approaches. One important strategy for the prevention and treatment of brain impairment is based on dietary supplements, functional foods, and nutraceuticals. The current chapter illustrates various aspects of available nutritional products for the brain disorder. Considering the recent surge in the nutritional products and as it destined to play an important role in future, existing regulatory framework is explained here which ensures purity, safety, and efficacy of the marketed products.
Socio-Scientific Issues and Model-Based Learning
Authors: Durak Benzegül , Topçu Mustafa Sami
Published: September 2020

This chapter aims to provide a literature analysis on socio-scientific issues and model-based learning. The position of socio-scientific issues in the process of raising science literate students is indisputable. On the other hand, modeling gives students opportunities to construct their own models and use them through the learning process to formulate hypothesis, make investigations, explain scientific phenomena, and communicate and justify their ideas. Therefore, embedding modeling practice to SSI-based instruction through a framework is an innovative tool for scientific literacy in science education.
Cognitive Transition and Cutting Techniques for Narrative Film Rhetoric Simulation
Authors: Kanai Akihito
Published: September 2020

This chapter surveys, discusses, and explores the entire concept of visual narrative structure, cognition, and generation from continuity-based to discontinuity-based perspectives. The model of visual narrative structure, including presentation and meaning, is expanded to explain the cognitive transition based on the rhetorical transition techniques and the rhetorical cutting techniques. The classification of the visual narrative structure, including rhetorical transition techniques and rhetorical cutting techniques, is useful for narrative simulation for discussing and exploring the entire visual narrative concept and generation. The rhetorical cutting techniques and the rhetorical transition techniques can reveal various cognitive effects such as reality effects and nostalgia effects, including difficulty. The determinacy-based narrative, the indeterminacy, the diversity, and the ambiguity on narrative can bridge the gaps between cognitive science, artificial intelligence, and narratology.
Narrative Generation Using Psychological Value Variables
Authors: Tanida Yasuo
Published: September 2020

In terms of story generation, the author proposes a method wherein stories can be rewritten using psychological value variables to ensure positive evaluation from readers. This method includes two phases wherein (1) a story likely to be chosen by readers from a selection of stories in the story generation system is chosen and (2) the selected story is rewritten using words that readers can relate to. It is imperative to understand the psychological values of the recipient and the relation between linguistic expressions and psychological values to complete the two phases of this study. In this chapter, the author examines the definition of psychological values and how to obtain them as well as the verification of the relation between linguistic expressions and values. This study aimed to rewrite the output of a story generation system using psychological values, and this paper is a research report on the preparation for rewriting stories. A proposal is offered for a study to construct and verify the system.
Effect of External Activate Factors Serving as Clue
Authors: Nakamura Jun
Published: September 2020

Why is there a demand for consultants and outside directors? That is because what they are asked for objective advice and the clue—this chapter describes them as external activate factors—is precious. This chapter focuses on how the external activate factor affects human creativity, especially the process of creating new products or services, and the author conducted an experiment to compare the effect of external activate factors at a lecture of graduate school. As a result, when the external activate factor is provided, the emergence of abduction and new rules was observed, and the effect of storytelling was confirmed. Further research is to find what kind of external activate factor is preferable.
Design of Narrative Creation in Innovation
Authors: Hirota Akimitsu
Published: September 2020

Among brand stories that affect brand equity, the importance of signature stories has been pointed out in particular. Casio Computer Co.'s G-SHOCK enjoys strong brand equity. The first model has created a new market. The development of G-SHOCK went through two years of trial and error. The trial and error that can exist only in the development of a market-creating product exert a great impact on brand equity. Stories about the trial and error of the developer and marketer during the development of a market-creating product are called “innovation narratives” in this chapter. This study examines the process of creating an innovation narrative from the viewpoint of a dialog and identifies the existence of a chain of two types of pivots: open pivots and closed pivots.
Reinforcement Learning in Social Media Marketing
Authors: Eklund Patrik
Published: September 2020

In this chapter, the authors describe an architecture for reinforcement learning in social media marketing. The rule bases used for action selection within the architecture build upon many-valued (fuzzy) logic. Action evaluation and internal learning is based on neural network like structures. In using variables measuring the effect of advertising, we must understand direction of influence between advertiser, owning the content of the advertisement, and advertisee, as the target of an advertisement, and as facilitated by social media marketing. Examples are drawn from Facebook marketing.
Marketing and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Ramnarayan Sujata
Published: September 2020

Technologies are changing marketing due to the amount of information available to consumers, along with information being generated by consumers. Marketers face a challenge with greater volume and variety of data generated at a faster rate than ever before along with fragmentation of channels. This data when combined with artificial intelligence presents an opportunity to marketers to provide value add at a granular level and a personalized customer experience round the clock 24/7/365. Treating customers as individuals by offering an optimized personalized offering, sending the right personalized message at the right time through their preferred channel is the promise of data fed into AI algorithms. Artificial intelligence has the potential to transform companies by making sense out of an insanely voluminous variety of data being generated with its ability to serve customers more effectively and efficiently, personalizing at scale.
Convolutional Neural Networks for Real-Time Eye Tracking in Interactive Applications
Authors: Burch Michael , Jalba Andrei , van Dueren den Hollander Carl
Published: September 2020

Face alignment and eye tracking for interactive applications should be performed with very low latency or users will notice the delay. In this chapter, a face alignment method for real-time applications is introduced featuring a convolutional neural network architecture for face and pose alignment. The performance of the novel method is compared to a face alignment algorithm included in the freely available OpenFace toolkit, which also focuses on real-time applications. The approach exceeds OpenFace's performance on both our own and the 300W test sets in terms of accuracy and robustness but requires significant parallel processing power, currently provided by the GPU. For the eye tracking application, stereo cameras are used as input to determine the position of a user's eyes in three-dimensional space. It does not require synchronized recordings, which may contain redundant information, and instead prefers staggered recordings, which maximize the number of possible model updates.
Determining the Motives and Behaviors of Brand Hate
Authors: Günaydin Reyhan , Yıldız Emel
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of experiential avoidance, moral avoidance, and identity avoidance on brand hate. In addition, this study of brand hate, brand revenge, brand switching intention, electronic negative word of mouth marketing and its effects on brand equity have been tested. The data in this study were obtained from a face-to-face survey with 394 consumers. Cronbach alpha coefficient analysis was used for the reliability of the scales. Factor analysis was used for the validity of the scales. The hypotheses in the study were tested by structural equation analysis. According to the results of the study; ıt was concluded that there is a positive effect of experiential avoidance, identity avoidance, and moral avoidance on brand hate. Also, brand hate has a positive effect on revenge, electronic negative word of mouth marketing, brand switching intention. In addition, brand hate has been found to have a negative impact on the overall brand equity.
Detecting DDoS Attacks on Multiple Network Hosts
Authors: Xylogiannopoulos Konstantinos F. , Karampelas Panagiotis , Alhajj Reda
Published: September 2020

The proliferation of low security internet of things devices has widened the range of weapons that malevolent users can utilize in order to attack legitimate services in new ways. In the recent years, apart from very large volumetric distributed denial of service attacks, low and slow attacks initiated from intelligent bot networks have been detected to target multiple hosts in a network in a timely fashion. However, even if the attacks seem to be “innocent” at the beginning, they generate huge traffic in the network without practically been detected by the traditional DDoS attack detection methods. In this chapter, an advanced pattern detection method is presented that is able to collect and classify in real time all the incoming traffic and detect a developing slow and low DDoS attack by monitoring the traffic in all the hosts of the network. The experimental analysis on a real dataset provides useful insights about the effectiveness of the method by identifying not only the main source of attack but also secondary sources that produce low traffic, targeting though multiple hosts.
Security Integration in DDoS Attack Mitigation Using Access Control Lists
Authors: Yadav Sumit Kumar , Sharma Kavita , Arora Arushi
Published: September 2020

In this article, the authors propose a DDoS mitigation system through access list-based configurations, which are deployed at the ISP (Internet Service Provider's) edge routers to prohibit DDoS attacks over ISPs' networks traffic. The effectiveness of the proposed system relies heavily on the willingness of ISPs in implementing the system. Once each ISP implements the system, most attacks can easily be stopped close to their point of origin. The main challenge is to implement such a system with the fixed amount of memory and available processing power with routers. A coordinated effort by participating ISPs filters out attacks close to their source, reducing the load on other routers. The suspicious traffic is first filtered out based on their source IP address. The authors also implemented the WRED algorithm for their case and conduct GNS3 experiments in a simulated environment.
Global Naming and Storage System Using Blockchain
Authors: Chanti S.  , Anwar Taushif , Chithralekha T.  , Uma V.
Published: September 2020

The global naming systems are used to resolve the DNS (domain name system) queries by providing the IP address of a particular domain. Humans are familiar in remembering the text rather than numbers. So the DNS servers help in resolving the human-readable domain names into system understandable IP address. In the current DNS architecture, there are several threats that cost a lot of damage to the organizations. At the earlier stage, DNS protocol lacks security assurance in place. To solve this issue, they introduced DNSSEC (subsequent DNS) as an additional layer of trust on top of DNS by providing authentication. Still, the current DNS servers couldn't address issues such as DoS/DDoS attacks. To address all these issues, blockchain technology offers an innovative method to handle those challenges. The existing naming systems are centralized, which is a major problem in achieving security.. The main aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of blockchain technology and a brief introduction to blockchain-based naming and storage systems.
Denial of Service (DoS) Attacks Over Cloud Environment
Authors: M. Thangavel , S Nithya , R Sindhuja
Published: September 2020

Cloud computing is the fastest growing technology in today's world. Cloud services provide pay as go models on capacity or usage. For providing better cloud services, capacity planning is very important. Proper capacity planning will maximize efficiency and on the other side proper control over the resources will help to overcome from attacks. As the technology develops in one side, threats and vulnerabilities to security also increases on the other side. A complete analysis of Denial of Service (DOS) attacks in cloud computing and how are they done in the cloud environment and the impact of reduced capacity in cloud causes greater significance. Among all the cloud computing attacks, DOS is a major threat to the cloud environment. In this book chapter, we are going to discuss DOS attack in the cloud and its types, what are the tools used to perform DOS attack and how they are detected and prevented. Finally it deals with the measures to protect the cloud services from DOS attack and also penetration testing for DOS attack.
Distributed Denial of Service Attacks and Defense in Cloud Computing
Authors: Kushwah Gopal Singh , Ranga Virender
Published: September 2020

Cloud computing has now become a part of many businesses. It provides on-demand resources to its users based on pay-as-you-use policy, across the globe. The high availability feature of this technology is affected by distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack, which is a major security issue. In this attack, cloud or network resources are exhausted, resulting in a denial of service for legitimate users. In this chapter, a classification of various types of DDoS attacks has been presented, and techniques for defending these attacks in cloud computing have been discussed. A discussion on challenges and open issues in this area is also given. Finally, a conceptual model based on extreme learning machine has been proposed to defend these attacks.
Comparing Single Tier and Three Tier Infrastructure Designs against DDoS Attacks
Authors: Bhardwaj Akashdeep , Goundar Sam
Published: September 2020

With the rise in cyber-attacks on cloud environments like Brute Force, Malware or Distributed Denial of Service attacks, information security officers and data center administrators have a monumental task on hand. Organizations design data center and service delivery with the aim of catering to maximize device provisioning & availability, improve application performance, ensure better server virtualization and end up securing data centers using security solutions at internet edge protection level. These security solutions prove to be largely inadequate in times of a DDoS cyber-attack. In this paper, traditional data center design is reviewed and compared to the proposed three tier data center. The resilience to withstand against DDoS attacks is measured for Real User Monitoring parameters, compared for the two infrastructure designs and the data is validated using T-Test.
IP-CHOCK Reference Detection and Prevention of Denial of Service (DoS) Attacks in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network
Authors: Verma Karan
Published: September 2020

Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) is a subset of Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) and it is considered as a substantial component of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). DoS attacks on VANET are varying and may be overwhelmed by VANET protocols, such as TCP or UDP flooding attacks. Different secure communications models can be used to detect and prevent IP spoofing DoS attacks, by which the attacks are committed by fraudulent and malicious nodes. In this chapter, an efficient detection method has been proposed to detect UDP flooding attacks, called Bloom-Filter-Based IP-CHOCK (BFICK). A prevention method using IP-CHOCK has also been proposed to prevent DoS, called Reference Broadcast Synchronization (RBS). In principle, the combined method is based on the IP-CHOCK filter concept of packets during an attack incident and with busy traffic condition. Fake identities from malicious vehicles can be analyzed with help of the existing reliable IP addresses. Beacon packets were exchanged periodically by all the vehicles to announce their presence and to forward it to the next node.
An Experimental Analysis on Detection of Corona Virus Malware Attacks and Its Preventive Measures
Authors: Banerjee Soumi , Shinde Swapnil , Patil Anita
Published: September 2020

Coronavirus has affected China massively. This creates dread among the peoples in the world. Cyber criminals tend to take advantage of fear through malicious activities. Cyber criminals generate a phishing and spam campaign to trick the people in the name of Coronavirus. According to current analysis, the criminals hide malware behind different documents that are shared for creating awareness for the people regarding Coronavirus. Kaspersky technologies discovered that such documents contain viruses, trojans, worms, etc. (malwares) that can infect other files on victims' systems and corrupt or encrypt them. In this chapter, the nature, behavior, and types of different malware and their impacts are analyzed. An analysis is performed on how attackers' attacks using that malware to misuse the victim's data and what the techniques used to perform the attack are. In this chapter, an experimental analysis is performed to detect these attacks, and also measures and guidelines are proposed to prevent these types of attacks.
Stuxnet-Tool for Zero-Day Attack
Authors: Patil Anita , Shinde Swapnil , Banerjee Soumi
Published: September 2020

Stuxnet is a malicious code used to exploit multiple unpatched Windows vulnerabilities and infect end devices. It was very sophistically used by attackers to infect computers that are connected to specific models of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) manufactured by Siemens. The stuxnet worm alters the PLCs' programming and raises a false alarm to machines, which leads to an accident. The worm uses zero-day vulnerabilities in the Windows operating system, and because of that, it remains undetected by the antivirus programs. The attacker attempts to breach the vulnerabilities in hardware systems and breaks the infrastructure, which leads to a watering hole attack. Thus, this chapter explores the different possibilities of the stuxnet-based cyber-attacks and their risk factors. The chapter represents an analysis that is performed on the different patterns of attacks, and its preventive measures are also proposed.
Detecting the Risk of Online Harms on People With Social Orientation Impairments
Authors: Bishop Jonathan , Bellenger Darren
Published: September 2020

This chapter proposes automated screening of internet and multimedia communications through a combination of neuroeconomics to measure neuro-response plasticity through forensic phonetics, EEG monitoring, and EigenFaces. These measure neuro-response plasticity through facial differences, including through the eyes, differences in EEG pattern, and prosody in the form of tone of voice. Through describing the ‘Distress in the Mind Test', a computer program is proposed that can be implemented on any device with a camera and microphone and can therefore also be used to diagnose social orientation impariments, such as autism and social phobia. Further development would prevent people with social orientation impairments or whom are otherwise at risk from online harms being exposed to them through automated content filtering.
Synthesis of Linear, Planar, and Concentric Circular Antenna Arrays Using Rao Algorithms
Authors: Ravipudi Jaya Lakshmi
Published: September 2020

The aim of this paper is to display the efficacy of three newly proposed optimization algorithms named as Rao-1, Rao-2, and Rao-3 in synthesizing antenna arrays. The algorithms are applied to three different antenna array configurations. Thinned arrays with isotropic radiators are considered and the main objective is to find the optimal configuration of ON/OFF elements that produce low side lobe levels. The results of Rao-1, Rao-2, and Rao-3 algorithms are compared with those of improved genetic algorithm (IGA), hybrid Taguchi binary particle swarm optimization (HTBPSO), teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO), the firefly algorithm (FA), and biogeography-based optimization (BBO). The Rao-1, Rao-2, and Rao-3 algorithms were able to realize antenna arrays having lower side lobe levels (SLL) when compared to the other optimization algorithms.
Materialized View Selection Using Self-Adaptive Perturbation Operator-Based Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Kumar Amit , Kumar T. V. Vijay
Published: September 2020

A data warehouse is a central repository of time-variant and non-volatile data integrated from disparate data sources with the purpose of transforming data to information to support data analysis. Decision support applications access data warehouses to derive information using online analytical processing. The response time of analytical queries against speedily growing size of the data warehouse is substantially large. View materialization is an effective approach to decrease the response time for analytical queries and expedite the decision-making process in relational implementations of data warehouses. Selecting a suitable subset of views that deceases the response time of analytical queries and also fit within available storage space for materialization is a crucial research concern in the context of a data warehouse design. This problem, referred to as view selection, is shown to be NP-Hard. Swarm intelligence have been widely and successfully used to solve such problems. In this paper, a discrete variant of particle swarm optimization algorithm, i.e. self-adaptive perturbation operator based particle swarm optimization (SPOPSO), has been adapted to solve the view selection problem. Accordingly, SPOPSO-based view selection algorithm (SPOPSOVSA) is proposed. SPOPSOVSA selects the Top-K views in a multidimensional lattice framework. Further, the proposed algorithm is shown to perform better than the view selection algorithm HRUA.
Work Time Allocation of Family Doctors in Rural Tajikistan
Authors: Juraeva Nargis S. , Bratschi Martin W. , Wyss Kaspar , Komilov Ismoil S.
Published: September 2020

There is a little-known study about how family doctors actually use their working time providing patient care, administration, and other activities. This paper investigates this issue for family doctors who are working in health facilities of a rural area in Tajikistan. To capture information about time allocation, 24 family doctors were observed during conventional working hours by observers for five days each over a period of four weeks. Data collection was conducted in the four randomly selected districts in rural Tajikistan in 2015. Results were presented in terms of percentage of time allocation for direct patient treatment, documentation activities, continuous medical education, health promotion, traveling and walking, and for unproductive time. Time allocation was also compared between family doctors working at the polyclinics and at the rural health centers. The data collected can be used for future decision making and as a baseline to assess the impact of further reforms in the healthcare system of Tajikistan.
Analyzing Why Organizations Differ in Board Composition
Authors: Koufopoulos Dimitrios , Gkliatis Ioannis , Athanasiadis Konstantinos A. , Katsikas Epameinondas
Published: September 2020

In this paper, building upon several theories (agency theory, stakeholder theory, and resource dependence theory) and by utilising data from 161 Greek manufacturing companies that were listed in the Athens Stock Exchange on the 31st December 2008, the authors explore the relationships between the organisational characteristics of the firms (organisational age, organisational size, and years listed in the stock market) and the board configuration (board size, board leadership structure, and directors' dependence/independence). The motivation of the study was based on both the peculiarity of the Greek context in the front of a strong economic crisis, but also in trying to establish relationship of board characteristics with factors that are understudied. Both descriptive and inferential statistics (ANOVA tests) were utilised to answer the research questions. Interestingly and in alignment with the literature, the findings showed that larger organizations tend to have larger boards and greater proportions of external and independent directors. However, no more strong relationships have been identified between the organisational characteristics and the board configuration. The paper contributes by suggesting that while board configuration is being determined by factors like the legal context of the country and the broader external environment suggested by the literature, various company characteristics can explain some of the board characteristics. Finally, it is worth mentioning that this study examines the listed Greek manufacturing companies during very turbulent times, the start of the financial crisis in Greece, which may have an impact on the configuration of the boards at that time.
Cloud TV
Authors: Dede Georgia , Loupatatzis Georgios , Grigoropoulos Dimitris , Chatzithanasis Georgios , Kamalakis Thomas , Michalakelis Christos
Published: September 2020

Cloud TV is a cloud-based live television streaming program or app, allowing the user to watch high definition (HD) TV channels without the requirement of a TV box or aerial but only a stable internet connection. As the number of Cloud TV channels continuously increases, so does the need for a techno-economic evaluation and analysis, which constitutes the aim of this paper. The analysis aims to provide an assessment of the required investment for a new Pay TV operator, using Cloud TV technology in the internet of things (IoT) era. The adopted methodology includes demand forecasting and cash flows calculations and important economic indicators, for a time period of 10 years and different diffusion scenarios. Evaluation of the methodology was based on statistics obtained from one of the larger telecom providers in Greece. Results indicate that investing on Cloud TV technology in Greece is feasible for the technologies of over-the-top (OTT), IPTV, and Smart TV. A sensitivity analysis is also performed, studying the case of a new entry for a Pay TV operator in the local market with emphasis on OTT services, which gains a significant percentage of customers.
The Effect of Leverage on Investment, Dividends, and Company Value on the Real Estate Industry in Indonesia
Authors: Atmanto Dwi
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine and explain the effect of leverage on the value of real estate companies listed on the Stock Exchange in Indonesia, with investment and dividend as mediators. This study is explanatory research. Explanatory is research conducted with the intention to explain an influence of variables through testing hypotheses. The population in this study is all real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The total population was as many as 44 companies. The results of this study indicate that high dividend payments will cause decrease in value of company. First, market considers that at present condition of company has opportunity to grow, so the company should focus on funding investment activities. With the intense competition in real estate sector, companies to survive in industry must have product innovations. Empirically, previous research examining the interaction between leverage, investment, dividends, and company value has produced inconsistencies in research results (gaps).
PaaS Optimization of Apache Applications Using System Parameter Tuning of Big Data Platforms in Distributed Computing
Authors: Pattanshetti Tanuja , Attar Vahida
Published: September 2020

Widely used data processing platforms use distributed systems to process huge data efficiently. The aim of this article is to optimize the platform services by tuning only the relevant, tunable, system parameters and to identify the relation between the software quality metrics. The system parameters of data platforms based on the service level agreements can be defined and customized. In the first stage, the most significant parameters are identified and shortlisted using various feature selection approaches. In the second stage, the iterative runs of applications are executed for tuning these shortlisted parameters to identify the optimal value and to understand the impact of individual input parameters on the system output parameter. The empirical results imply significant improvement in performance and with which it is possible to render the proposed work optimizing the services offered by these data platforms.
The Effect of Leadership Style Towards Corporate Culture and the Implementation of Green Management and Its Performance
Authors: Kusdi
Published: September 2020

The purpose of the study is to provide empirical evidence about the correlation between leadership style, culture of organization, implementation of green management, and company performance. Leadership is the key to running a firm. Leaders with the appropriate leadership style can shape corporate culture and impact a firm's performance. This research has shown that the transformational leadership style can significantly impact corporate culture, as opposed to the transactional leadership style. How much each style plays a role on the firm depends on the conditions of the firm, and one leadership style will tend to be more dominant than the other. Another finding is that corporate culture significantly impacts a firm's performance. It shows that corporate culture plays an important role in firms, whether they are large scale or small scale firms (SMEs), in that they make sure members of an organization have the same perspective and values and are able to ensure optimum corporate performance.
Restarting Manufacturing Industries Post Covid-19
Authors: Narula Sanjiv , Kumar Anil , Puppala Harish , Dwivedy Maheshwar , Prakash Surya , Singh Rajinder , Talwar Vishal
Published: September 2020

This research aims to identify the critical challenges associated with restarting manufacturing organizations post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The authors conducted an expert-based survey among various industry leaders of manufacturing organizations to capture a holistic view of business continuity plans and the associated challenges. The selected individuals are responsible for making business continuity policies and plans at their respective organizations. They were asked to reflect on their experience of the present-day challenges in managing business continuity in their organizations. Expert interviews were reflective and provided candid inputs. Consequently, the keywords of the experts' feedback were synthesized by using the mind map qualitative approach, which helps in the visualization of the critical challenges at an abstract level. Further, the interrelation between them and the significance of each critical challenge is evaluated using fuzzy theory with the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) technique. The findings of these evaluations will help to assess the existing policies/practices and to strengthen business continuity plans post-COVID-19. This study is a pioneering work that will help organizations to prepare action plans for kick-starting their broken-down economic engines.