bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cold Plasma Treatment for Efficient Control over Algal Bloom Products in Surface Water
Authors: Kim Hee-Jun , Nam Gui-Sook , Jang Jung-Seok , Won Chan-Hee , Kim Hyun-Woo
Published: July 2019

Algal bloom significantly alters the physicochemical properties of water due to drastic pH change, dissolved oxygen depletion/super-saturation, and toxicity, which lead to ecosystem destruction. To prevent this, this study evaluated the reduction performance of algal biomass by applying a non-thermal or cold plasma process. We used chlorophyll-a (chl-a), suspended solids (SS), and turbidity as indicators of the biomass. Results demonstrated that their removal efficiencies were in the ranges 88–98%, 70%–90%, and 53%–91%, respectively. Field emission scanning electron microscopy indicated how the cell wall of microalgae was destroyed by cold plasma. Also, the removal kinetics of cold plasma confirmed the enhanced removal rate constants. The estimated required times for 99% removal were 0.4–1.2 d (chl-a), 1.3–3.4 d (SS), and 1.6–6.2 d (turbidity), respectively. Overall, cold plasma could be a useful option to effectively treat pollution associated with algal bloom in surface water.
Raindrop Energy Impact on the Distribution Characteristics of Splash Aggregates of Cultivated Dark Loessial Cores
Authors: Fu Yu , Li Guanglu , Wang Dong , Zheng Tenghui , Yang Mingxi
Published: July 2019

To determine the effect of different rainfall energy levels on the breakdown of soil aggregates, this study analyzed the soil splash erosion amounts and the distribution of particle sizes under six rainfall conditions (rainfall energy: 2.41 × 10−5–22.4 × 10−5 J m−2 s−1 and 1.29 × 10−4 J m−2 s−1) at five splash distances (from 0–10 cm to 40–50 cm). Cores of the size 10 × 20 cm of undisturbed cultivated dark loessial soil were selected in tree replicates as the research subject. The results indicated that splashed aggregates were distributed mainly at splash distances of 0–20 cm, which accounted for 66%–90% of the total splash erosion amount. The splash erosion amount significantly decreased exponentially with increasing splash distance for the same rainfall energy (p < 0.01). The splash erosion amount significantly increased in the power function relationship with increasing rainfall energy at the same splash distance (p < 0.05). A model was obtained to predict the splash erosion amount for rainfall energy and splash distance. The fractal dimension (D) of the aggregates showed a downward opening parabolic relationship with raindrop energy. The maximal value of the rainfall energy was 1.286 × 10−4 J m−2 s−1, which broke the aggregates to the largest degree. Enrichment ratio (ER) values for fragments >2 mm were close to 0. A particle size of 0.25 mm was the critical particle level for splash erosion.
Experimental Investigation of Local Scour Protection for Cylindrical Bridge Piers Using Anti-Scour Collars
Authors: Wang Shunyi , Wei Kai , Shen Zhonghui , Xiang Qiqi
Published: July 2019

Local scour of bridge piers is one of the main threats responsible for bridge damage. Adopting scour countermeasures to protect bridge foundations from scour has become an important issue for the design and maintenance of bridges located in erodible sediment beds. This paper focuses on the protective effect of one active countermeasure named an “anti-scour collar” on local scour around the commonly used cylindrical bridge pier. A cylindrical pier model was set up in a current flume. River sand with a median particle size of 0.324 mm was selected and used as the sediment in the basin. A live-bed scour experimental program was carried out to study the protective effect of an anti-scour collar by comparing the local scour at a cylindrical bridge pier model with and without collar. The effects of three design parameters including collar installation height, collar external diameter and collar protection range, on the scour depth and scour development were investigated parametrically. According to the experimental results, it can be concluded that: the application of an anti-scour collar alleviates the local scour at the pier effectively; and the protection effect decreases with an increase in the collar installation height, but increases with an increase in the collar external diameter and the protection range. Design suggestions for improving the scour protective effect of the anti-scour collar are summarized and of great practical guiding significance to the development of anti-scour collars for bridge piers.
Rice Cultivation without Synthetic Fertilizers and Performance of Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) under Continuous Irrigation with Treated Wastewater
Authors: Duy Pham Dong , Cai Kei , Duc Phung Luc , Kaku Nobuo , Sasaki Atsushi , Sasaki Yuka , Horiguchi Kenichi , Viet Pham Dung , Watanabe Toru
Published: July 2019

To obtain a high rice yield and quality for animal feed without synthetic fertilizers, an experiment with bench-scale apparatus was conducted by applying continuous irrigation with treated municipal wastewater (TWW). Uniform rice seedlings of a high-yield variety (Oryza sativa L., cv. Bekoaoba) were transplanted in five treatments to examine different TWW irrigation directions (“bottom-to-top” and “top-to-top” irrigation) and fertilization practices (with and without P-synthetic fertilizers) as well as one control that simulated the irrigation and fertilization management of normal paddy fields. The highest rice yield (14.1 t ha−1), shoot dry mass (12.9 t ha−1), and protein content in brown rice (14.6%) were achieved using bottom-to-top irrigation, although synthetic fertilizers were not applied. In addition, this subsurface irrigation system could contribute to environmental protection by removing 85–90% of nitrogen from TWW more effectively than the top-to-top irrigation, which showed a removal efficiency of approximately 63%. No accumulation of heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni, Pb, Cr, and As) in the paddy soils was observed after TWW irrigation for five months, and the contents of these metals in the harvested brown rice were lower than the permissible limits recommended by international standards. A microbial fuel cell system (MFC) was installed in the cultivation system using graphite-felt electrodes to test the capacity of electricity generation; however, the electricity output was much lower than that reported in normal paddy fields. Bottom-to-top irrigation with TWW can be considered a potential practice to meet both water and nutrient demand for rice cultivation in order to achieve a very high yield and nutritional quality of cultivated rice without necessitating the application of synthetic fertilizers.
Quantitative Assessment of the Influences of Three Gorges Dam on the Water Level of Poyang Lake, China
Authors: Wang Dan , Zhang Shuanghu , Wang Guoli , Han Qiaoqian , Huang Guoxian , Wang Hao , Liu Yin , Zhang Yanping
Published: July 2019

Lakes are important for global ecological balance and provide rich biological and social resources. However, lake systems are sensitive to climate change and anthropogenic activities. Poyang Lake is an important wetland in the middle reach of the Yangtze River, China and has a complicated interaction with the Yangtze River. In recent years, the water level of Poyang Lake was altered dramatically, in particular showing a significant downward trend after the operation of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) in 2003, thus seriously affecting the lake wetland ecosystem. The operation of the TGD changed both the hydrological regime and the deeper channel in the middle reach of the Yangtze River, and affected the river–lake system between the Yangtze River and Poyang Lake. This study analyzed the change in the water level of Poyang Lake and quantified the contributions of the TGD operation, from the perspectives of water storage and erosion of the deeper channel in the middle reach of the Yangtze River, through hydrodynamic model simulation. The erosion of the deeper channel indicated a significant decrease in annual water level. However, due to the water storage of the TGD in September and October, the discharge in the Yangtze River sharply decreased and the water level of Poyang Lake was largely affected. Especially in late September, early October, and mid-October, the contributions of water storage of the TGD to the decline in the water level of Poyang Lake respectively reached 68.85%, 59.04%, and 54.88%, indicating that the water storage of the TGD was the main factor in the decrease in water level. The erosion of the deeper channel accelerated the decline of the water level of Poyang Lake and led to about 10% to 20% of the decline of water level in September and October. Due to the combined operation of the TGD and more reservoirs under construction in the upper TGD, the long-term and irreversible influence of the TGD on Poyang Lake should be further explored in the future.
A Real-Car Experiment of a Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer System Based on Parallel-Series Resonant Topology
Authors: Fujita Toshiyuki , Kishi Hiroyuki , Uno Hiroshi , Kaneko Yasuyoshi
Published: July 2019

A short mileage and long charging times are problems facing electric vehicles (EVs), and dynamic wireless power transfer (WPT) systems are one of the most effective solutions to overcome these shortcomings. This paper proposes a dynamic WPT system consisting of several stationary primary underground coils and a secondary coil on an EV. The dynamic WPT system employed solenoid coils that were superior to circular coils in terms of misalignment to the traveling direction. A dynamic WPT system rated at 25 kW was designed, constructed, and tested to verify the principles of operation; that is, the capability of supplying electric power continuously.
USING SODIUM HYDROXIDE FOR OBTAINING ALKALI SILICATES
Authors: Лавров Р. , Lavrov Roman , Кликин Е. , Klikin Evgeny , Новиков Л. , Novikov Lev
Published: July 2019

Intensification of glassmaking processes is a priority task for domestic glass industry. The partial (complete) replacement of the carbonate part of the glass mixture with the corresponding hydroxides is a perceptual direction. Obtaining the silicon-sodium concentrate is the result of physico-chemical activation of silicon-containing raw materials with sodium hydroxide used as the sodium-containing component of the mixture. Its phase composition is amorphous and crystalline in the form of low-temperature quartz and sodium metasilicate. The bulk density of the synthesized product meets the requirements of GOST 5100-85 for soda ash. Separation of solid and liquid parts of the synthesized product is carried out using an experimental plant for the extraction with a single extractant. The method of conductometry is used to study the soluble part. The calculation of the residual value of NaOH in the product is based on titrant volumes by equivalence points during the titration of a weighed quantity of the experimental batch of the product and the mass of insoluble residue. The article presents the results of a comparative study of the physico-chemical properties of the products of activation and carbonate mixture to obtain silicate blocks with various modularities. On the basis of physico-chemical properties, the resulting product can be used in the glass industry to produce silicate blocks of various modularities with the expected decrease in temperature and preparation time.
LANDSCAPE URBANISM – A NEW DIRECTION OF MODERN CONCEPTS OF UR-BAN SPACE DEVELOPMENT ON THE EXAMPLE OF RUSSIAN CITIES
Authors: Ярмош Т. , Yarmosh Tatyana , Михайлова И. , Mihaylova I.
Published: July 2019

Modern living conditions in cities lead to increased levels of stress. Building density, production volumes, level of urbanization are increasing: the factor of nature as a way to reduce stress is absent. A solution is required, where "city" and "nature" should become synonyms in people's minds: a new urban development strategy that meets human needs in the natural surrounding space, in particular, city tasks of preserving natural landscapes and the transformation of disturbed areas to ensure a favorable environmental situation of locality. One of the ways to solve this problem at the city level is landscape urbanism: a modern concept of development and modernization of urban space, solving issues of mutual functioning of different urban areas through the introduction of "buffer" landscape spaces. In Russia, landscape urbanism is just beginning to gain popularity. Its principles are widely used in the design of recreational spaces in large and small cities. The existing examples allow to consider the effectiveness of landscape urbanism in the context of improving the ecology of the territory, the universality of its functional purpose and the aesthetic attractiveness
THEORETICAL STUDY OF THE PROCESS OF MIXING THE VARIOUS COMPONENTS IN THE WORKING CHAMBER OF THE DISINTEGRATOR
Authors: Семикопенко И.А. , Semikopenko I.A. , Воронов В. , Voronov Vitaliy , Беляев Д. , Belyaev Denis
Published: July 2019

This article analyzes the movement of particles of different components in the inter-row space and in the peripheral part of the disintegrator's working chamber. The diagram of the disintegrator with the component loading unit and the diagram of the disintegrator's working chamber are presented. The loading unit consists of two screw feeders, which supply various components to the conical loading hopper. The capacity of the screw feeders is matched with the capacity of the hopper and the vertical cylindrical branch pipe. The mass capacity of the mixing chamber and the grinding of the disintegrator is determined. Mass throughput is determined using the functional dependence of the change in the bulk density of the material during its passage in the radial direction from the radius of scattering disk Rд to the radial size of the disintegrator body. It is determined that the mass throughput depends on the geometric (Rk, Rg, H) and technological (ϑ_r ) parameters of the disintegrator. The movement of the material in the working chamber of the disintegrator and the change in the concentration of the selected components of the mixture are presented on the basis of the cell mixing model. It allows to determine the concentration of the selected component of the mixture at the outlet of the body of the disintegrator in the tangential discharge pipe. According to expression, the concentration of the selected components of the mixture when passing through the disintegrator body of the presented construction is about half (0.57) of the initial value.
La modernisation des dispositions du Code civil relatives aux animaux : l’échappée belle. Commentaire de l’article 2 de la loi n° 2015-177 du 16 février 2015
Authors: Marguénaud Jean-Pierre
Published: July 2019

Le Code civil vient d’être enrichi d’un article 715-14 reconnaissant, enfin, la sensibilité des animaux. Complétée par une réécriture des articles 524 et 528, cette innovation conduit, discrètement mais irréfutablement, à extraire les animaux de la catégorie des biens. Il ne s’agit là que d’une révolution théorique, mais, si le monde parfois un peu grincheux de la protection animale fait l’effort de ne pas la bouder, elle peut, logiquement, appeler des conséquences concrètes. La première d’entre elles devrait être l’extension législative de la protection pénale contre les actes de cruauté aux animaux sauvages puisque, un peu contre toute attente, la première phrase de l’article 715-14, «les animaux sont des êtres vivants doués de sensibilité», les concerne aussi.
La conférence Climat de Lima : aller de l’avant en tirant les enseignements du passé
Authors: Lemoine Marion , Tabau Anne-sophie
Published: July 2019

L’attente principale de la Conférence des parties à la Convention-cadre des Nations-Unies sur les changements climatiques, qui s’est tenue à Lima en décembre 2014, était d’avancer suffisamment les négociations pour conclure un accord à Paris en 2015. Toutefois, les parties n’ont réussi à se mettre d’accord que sur la base d’un plus petit dénominateur commun. À ce stade, rien ne garantit que les contributions nationales seront suffisantes pour maintenir l’élévation des températures en dessous des 2° C. Les nombreuses options laissées dans le texte de négociation actuel peuvent, en fonction des décisions qui seront prises, aboutir à un accord ambitieux comme à un accord extrêmement faible en 2015. Les progrès réalisés dans la mise en oeuvre des décisions adoptées antérieurement sur la base des Accords de Cancún, pour la période pré-2020, pourraient néanmoins renforcer la confiance entre les parties, ce qui constitue la meilleure façon d’aller de l’avant sur la voie de la Conférence de Paris.
La fixation des « conditions et limites » du droit de participation en matière environnementale en Polynésie française et en Nouvelle-Calédonie
Authors: David Carine
Published: July 2019

La mise en oeuvre de l’article 7 de la Charte de l’environnement relatif au droit à l’information et à la participation du public en matière environnementale a fait l’objet d’une jurisprudence abondante du Conseil constitutionnel, ainsi que d’interventions législatives subséquentes au niveau national. Néanmoins, son application effective en Nouvelle-Calédonie et en Polynésie française pose un certain nombre de difficultés tant s’agissant de la détermination de l’autorité compétente pour intervenir en lieu et place du Parlement pour sa mise en oeuvre que de la portée de l’autonomie accordée aux autorités locales dans l’édiction des règles relatives au droit de participation.
Chronique de droit de l’urbanisme
Authors: Kalflèche Grégory
Published: July 2019

L’inflation normative est un problème extrêmement préoccupant en droit de l’urbanisme. Loin de permettre une évolution normale des pratiques, elle est aujourd’hui sans conteste une atteinte à la sécurité juridique. Loin d’être facilitée par un code à numérotation moderne, elle oblige aujourd’hui à appliquer différentes versions du code en parallèle, une pratique possible par la seule grâce de Légifrance et son suivi des différentes variantes – passées, présentes et à venir – d’un même article. Le droit de la planification évolue pour sa part non seulement avec les textes propres au droit de l’urbanisme (au premier rang desquels la loi ALUR dont les effets n’auront pas échappé aux lecteurs de cette revue), mais aussi du fait des textes relatifs aux collectivités territoriales et à leurs compétences. La loi Mandon a ainsi multiplié les dérogations afin de simplifier l’application du droit actuel relatif aux PLUi sans appliquer les règles de modification des plans actuels. Effet collatéral symbolique d’une volonté de bien faire créant des situations que l’on voulait éviter : certains POS seront maintenus jusqu’en 2020, vingt ans après la loi qui les a remplacés. En matière d’autorisations, la réforme de l’aménagement commercial et de l’aménagement cinématographique a modifié en maintenant l’essentiel, et la jurisprudence tend à permettre au juge de prendre une part de plus en plus importante dans la portée et les effets des annulations qu’il prononce. En matière contentieuse enfin, le juge commence à s’approprier et à apporter des interprétations très intéressantes aux modifications nombreuses qu’a subies le contentieux administratif de l’urbanisme l’année précédente.
THE CONCEPT, EVOLUTION AND CHALLENGES OF DIGITAL LIBRARY DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
Authors: Sadiku Shaibu Adona
Published: July 2019

The adoption of information and communication technologies in information environment has made a radical change in information management. One of such revolutions has exhibited in the form of digital libraries. The evolution of digital libraries has ensured the emergence of global networked environment that has dramatically changed the status of libraries, their processes, service delivery as well as storage and retrieval systems. This paper examines the development of digital libraries, the concept, characteristics, funding, infrastructure, and ICT policy in Nigeria. The paper enumerates a number of challenges hindering the development of digital libraries in Nigeria and proffers some recommendations.
PHILOSOPHY, LANGUAGE AND MALAY THOUGHT IN THE LYRICS BANGAU OH BANGAU AND BURUNG KENEK-KENEK
Authors: Mohd Farra Humairah , Hamzah Nordiana , Baharum Hasrina
Published: July 2019

The Malay mind is explicitly and implicitly expressed in the works of Malay literature. The thinking in the lyrics of folk songs, in particular, those of “Bangau Oh Bangau” and “Burung Kenek-Kenek”, give emphasis to social and moral values as well as the role of custom in community lives. These songs draw attention to the Malay philosophy that is related to metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, logic and aesthetic through their interaction with nature as well as the surrounding plant and animal kingdoms. This study aims to identify the philosophy, language and thinking in the lyrics of “Bangau Oh Bangau” and “Burung Kenek-Kenek” by employing the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. The quantitative method employed in the present study is the text analysis method. The study has identified four Malay philosophy and thinking in “Bangau Oh Bangau”: sarcasm with regard to the culture of shifting the blame, sarcasm concerning the indifferent attitude of the society, sincerity in action or planning, and philosophy or principle of life. The philosophy and thinking in the lyrics for “Burung Kenek-kenek” encourage one to strive for piousness, filial piety and noble character (humility). The study has also shown the link between philosophy, language, and thoughts in the lyrics of Malay songs, in particular, “Bangau Oh Bangau” and “Burung Kenek-Kenek”, as stated in the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. In summary, analysis of the lyrics of “Bangau Oh Bangau” and “Burung Kenek-Kenek” has brought into the open the superiority of Malay thinking and creativity in composing the lyrics of Malay songs that are inspired by nature.
PREVENTION OF BREACHES AND RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT: CASE STUDY OF LIBYA AND SYRIA CRISES 2011 -2016
Authors: Ahmad Abdullahi Ayoade , Salleh Mohd Afandi , Talib Aesyah , Yusoff @ Md Nasir Siti Munirah , Mohd Nor Nur Sa’adah
Published: July 2019

Despite that International Humanitarian Law (IHL) is meant to protect vulnerable people such as non-combatants, children and women, elderly and able people, and even combatant at times in accordance with relevant conventions and protocols of IHL, numerous crises occur at present have immensely been violated the set rules. While the fundamental Human rights of these categories of people are been infringed, international organizations at various levels are struggling to minimize the negative effect on the victims. There are circumstances when the IHL is also breached by states or parties involve in the crises. This study focuses on investigating numerous violations of child abuses in Libya and Syria during the 2011-2016 crises. The role of humanitarian organization and other agencies involved were equally examined. The roles of the two governments are equally examined. The paper adopted descriptive and analytical methods, as a result, relevant materials such as a book, reports from NGOs, and other humanitarian agencies were utilized to analyze this issue. The findings revealed that atrocities are widely committed by both governments as also done by various warring factions that took part in the conflicts. The role of international organization managed to minimize it to some extent. It recommended that the UN and other international organization can pay more roles in the future.
DOES FINANCIAL LITERACY AND FINANCIAL STRESS EFFECT THE FINANCIAL WELLNESS?
Authors: Ismail Nurazleena , Amiruddin Zaki Nur Damia’
Published: July 2019

Nowadays, people use financial wellness’s as terminology to understand the level of the individual’s financial condition. Previous researches show that although the persons have a lot of debts, they feel satisfied with their financial status. Conversely with those who are in good financial wellness with their wealth of life. Additionally, two elements have been discussed in relation to the income earner’s financial wellness which is economic well-being and financial well-being. Imbalance of financial wellness among low-medium income earners is due to reducing in employment opportunities, income instability and increase the number of family members. Therefore, personal financial management is important to ensure good or bad financial wellness among income earners. In this paper, financial literacy and financial stress are considered to determine the relationship of financial wellness. The result showed that both factors are significant with a strong positive relationship. It is important to describe the ability of income earners manage their money and apply the knowledge to make an effective financial decision. Thus, the organization should imply the financial education programs to their employees that can enhance financial literacy and reduce financial stress. Further research should be explored the other determinant factor such as financial self-efficacy and financial help-seeking behavior. These factors will improve the low-medium income earners’ financial wellness by seeking financial help as well as reducing financial stress.
OSMOREGULASI PADA HEWAN AKUATIK
Authors: Lantu Sartje
Published: July 2019

All aquatic organisms must deal with the problem of maintaining internal homeostasis, a constant internal chemical environment in which that organism's enzymes can operate efficiently.  As we saw earlier, this is largely a matter of osmoregulation, but other factors are involved also.  Many marine organisms can get by with minimal osmoregulation since the oceans, where the enzymes evolved, are already a good environment; other marine organisms maintain their body fluids at ionic concentrations different from the surrounding ocean and must actively regulate ions.  Freshwater also calls for active measures to maintain proper osmotic balance.
RATIO PENGENCERAN SPERMA TERHADAP MOTILITAS SPERMATOZOA, FERTILITAS DAN DAYA TETAS IKAN LELE (Clarias sp.)
Authors: Adipu Yulianty , Sinjal Hengky J , Watung Juliaan
Published: July 2019

This study was aimed to determine the effect of the dilution ratio of sperm with optimal NaCl and fructose on the motility of the catfish, Clarias sp., spermatozoa, fertility and hatchability of eggs. Catfish used in this study consisted of one parent pairs (male and female weight of 1000 grams weight of 1500 g). NaCl and fructose solution were diluted with aquabidest. The observation was conducted on the motility of spermatozoa, fertility and hatchability of eggs. The experimental design used completely randomized design (CRD). Dilution ratio is 1: 0, 1, 20, 1: 40, 1; 60, 1: 80, and 1: 100 with replicated 3 times. Observations were carried out soon after the sperm mixed with diluents. Fertility occurred 12 hours after fertilization. Egg hatchability was observed after fertilization. The results showed that the ratio of dilution gave significant effect on the sperm motility, fertility and hatchability of the eggs. This research found that the dilution ratio 1: 60 was the best treatment with the average sperm motility of 96. 66%, fertility of 71, 66 5% and egg hatchability of 70%.
PERANAN NELAYAN TERHADAP REHABILITASI EKOSISTEM HUTAN BAKAU (MANGROVE)
Authors: Pontoh Otniel
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTMangrove forest ecosystem has an important role for the welfare of the fishermen, because the daily activities of fishing is always related to the mangrove ecosystem. Therefore, it is necessary to make an effort to restore degraded mangrove forest in order to return to their function for human welfare, especially fishermen, and support the development of coastal areas. The participation in rehabilitation and managing of mangrove ecosystem is the key to the success of mangrove conservation. The level of knowledge and the role of fishermen on the mangrove ecosystem rehabilitation will be discussed in this paper.ABSTRAKEkosistem hutan mangrove memiliki peran yang sangat penting bagi kehidupan nelayan, karena aktifitas sehari-hari nelayan selalu berhubungan langsung dengan ekosistem hutan bakau. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan berbagai upaya untuk memulihkan kembali hutan bakau yang rusak agar dapat kembali memberikan fungsinya bagi kesejahteraan manusia khususnya nelayan dan mendukung pembangunan wilayah pe-sisir. Keikutsertaan nelayan dalam upaya rehabilitasi dan pengelolaan bakau dapat menjadi kunci keberhasilan pelestarian bakau. Tingkat pengetahuan dan respon nelayan terhadap rahabilitasi ekosistim hutan mangrove akan didiskusikan dibawah ini.
KEBUTUHAN ASAM LEMAK ESENSIAL PADA IKAN LAUT
Authors: Pangkey Henneke
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTAquaculture has contributed one third of the world is supply of seafood. This contribution is expected to increase in the future. Based on this reason, aquaculture is potential to continually provide food for human needs. One of the key factors to the success of aquaculture is the supply of nutritious feed. Feeding with food of right nutrition value will produce healthy and high quality fish. One of the nutrient elements that plays an important role in aquatic organism growth is lipid. Lipids in the form of essential fatty acids are highly required not only for broodstock and larvae, but also for normal growth of marine fish.ABSTRAKAkuakultur telah memberikan kontribusi sebesar sepertiga kebutuhan dunia akan produk makanan laut, dan akan terus bertambah di masa depan. Dipandang dari sudut ini, akuakultur memiliki prospek untuk menjadi usaha berkelanjutan dalam menyediakan pangan bagi populasi manusia yang terus bertambah. Salah satu faktor yang menentukan keberhasilan dalam usaha akuakultur adalah penyediaan pakan dengan kandungan nutrisi yang optimal. Pemberian pakan dengan komponen nutrisi yang tepat dapat menghasilkan ikan yang sehat dan berkualitas tinggi. Salah satu komponen nutrisi yang sangat berperan dalam pertumbuhan biota akuakultur adalah lipida. Lipida berupa asam lemak esensial sangat dibutuhkan baik oleh induk dan larva, juga untuk pertumbuhan secara normal ikan laut.
HOTEL SELECTION UTILIZING ONLINE REVIEWS: A NOVEL DECISION SUPPORT MODEL BASED ON SENTIMENT ANALYSIS AND DL-VIKOR METHOD
Authors: Liang Xia , Liu Peide , Wang Zhihao
Published: July 2019

With the considerable development of tourism market, as well as the expansion of the e-commerce platform scale, increasing tourists often prefer to select tourism products such as services or hotels online. Thus, it needs to provide an efficient decision support model for tourists to select tourism products. Online reviews based on the user experience would help tourists improve decision efficiency on tourism products. Therefore, in this study, a quantitative method for hotel selection with online reviews is proposed. First, with respect this problem with online reviews, by analyzing sentiment words in online reviews, tourists’ sentiment preferences are transformed into the format of distribution linguistic with respect to sentiment levels. Second, from a theoretical perspective, we proposed a method to determine the ideal solution and nadir solution for distribution linguistic evaluations. Next, based on the frequency of words for evaluating hotel and the distribution linguistic evaluations, the weight vector of the evaluation features is determined. Further, a novel DL-VIKOR method is developed to rank and then to select hotels. Finally, a realistic case from TripAdvisor.com for selecting hotel is used to demonstrate practically and feasibility of the proposed model.
Cosmicflows-3: Cosmography of the Local Void
Authors: Tully R. Brent , Pomarède Daniel , Graziani Romain , Courtois Hélène M. , Hoffman Yehuda , Shaya Edward J.
Published: July 2019

Cosmicflows-3 distances and inferred peculiar velocities of galaxies have permitted the reconstruction of the structure of overdensities and underdensities within the volume extending to 0.05c. This study focuses on the underdense regions, particularly the Local Void that lies largely in the zone of obscuration and consequently has received limited attention. Major overdense structures that bound the Local Void are the Perseus-Pisces and Norma-Pavo-Indus filaments separated by 8500 km s−1. The void network of the universe is interconnected and void passages are found from the Local Void to the adjacent very large Hercules and Sculptor voids. Minor filaments course through voids. A particularly interesting example connects the Virgo and Perseus clusters, with several substantial galaxies found along the chain in the depths of the Local Void. The Local Void has a substantial dynamical effect, causing a deviant motion of the Local Group of 200–250 km s−1. The combined perturbations due to repulsion from the Local Void and attraction toward the Virgo Cluster account for ∼50% of the motion of the Local Group in the rest frame given by the cosmic microwave background.
Properties of the Umbral Filament Observed in Active Region NOAA 12529
Authors: Guglielmino Salvo L. , Romano Paolo , Cobo Basilio Ruiz , Zuccarello Francesca , Murabito Mariarita
Published: July 2019

Recent observations of the solar photosphere revealed the presence of elongated filamentary bright structures inside sunspot umbrae, called umbral filaments (UFs). These features differ in morphology, magnetic configuration, and evolution from light bridges (LBs) that are usually observed to intrude in sunspots. To characterize a UF observed in the umbra of the giant leading sunspot of active region NOAA 12529, we analyze high-resolution observations taken in the photosphere with the spectropolarimeter on board the Hinode satellite and in the upper chromosphere and transition region with the IRIS telescope. The results of this analysis definitely rule out the hypothesis that the UF might be a kind of LB. In fact, we find no field-free or low-field strength region cospatial to the UF. Conversely, we recognize the presence of a strong horizontal field larger than 2500 G, a significant portion of the UF with opposite polarity with respect to the surroundings, and filaments in the upper atmospheric layers corresponding to the UF in the photosphere. These findings suggest that this structure is the photospheric manifestation of a flux rope hanging above the sunspot and forming penumbral-like filaments within the umbra via magneto-convection. This reinforces a previously proposed scenario.
Effect of the Temperature of Background Plasma and the Energy of Energetic Electrons on Z-mode Excitation
Authors: Li Chuanyang , Chen Yao , Kong Xiangliang , Hosseinpour M. , Wang Bing
Published: July 2019

It has been suggested that the Z-mode instability driven by energetic electrons with a loss-cone type velocity distribution is one candidate process behind the continuum and zebra pattern of solar type-IV radio bursts. Both the temperature of background plasma (T
0) and the energy of energetic electrons (v

e
) are considered to be important to the variation of the maximum growth rate (γ
max). Here we present a detailed parameter study on the effect of T
0 and v

e
, within a regime of the frequency ratio (

). In addition to γ
max, we also analyze the effect on the corresponding wave frequency (

) and propagation angle (θ
max). We find that (1) γ
max generally decreases with increasing v

e
, while its variation with T
0 is more complex depending on the exact value of v

e
. (2) With increasing T
0 and v

e
,

presents stepwise profiles with jumps separated by gradual or very weak variations, and due to the warm plasma effect on the wave dispersion relation

can vary within the hybrid band (the harmonic band containing the upper hybrid frequency) and the higher band. (3) The propagation is either perpendicular or quasi-perpendicular, and θ
max presents variations in line with those of

, as constrained by the resonance condition. We also examine the profiles of γ
max with

for different combinations of T
0 and v

e
to clarify some earlier calculations which show inconsistent results.
Edge-on H i-bearing Ultra-diffuse Galaxy Candidates in the 40% ALFALFA Catalog
Authors: He 何 Min 敏 , Wu 吴 Hong 宏 , Du 杜 Wei 薇 , Wicker James , Zhao 赵 Pingsong 品松 , Lei 雷 Fengjie 凤杰 , Liu 刘 Jifeng 继峰
Published: July 2019

Ultra-diffuse galaxies are objects that have very extended morphology and faint central surface brightness. Most UDGs are discovered in galaxy clusters and groups, but some are also found in low-density environments. The diffuse morphology and faint surface brightness make them difficult to distinguish from the sky background. Several previous works have suggested that at least some UDGs are consistent with exponential surface brightness profiles). The surface brightness of exponential disks is enhanced in edge-on systems, so searching for edge-on systems may be an efficient way to select UDGs. In this paper, we focus on searching for edge-on H i-bearing ultra-diffuse sources (HUDS) from the 40% Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA (ALFALFA) catalog, based on Sloan Digital Sky Survey g- and r-band images. After correcting the observed central surface brightness to a face-on perspective, we discover 11 edge-on HUDS candidates. All these newly discovered HUDS candidates are blue and H i-bearing, similar to other HUDS in 70% ALFALFA catalog, and different from UDGs in clusters.
Seroprotection after hepatitis B vaccination in chronic kidney disease patients with modified schedule and dosage
Authors: Siddiqui Shireen , Malik Abida , Shukla Indu , Rizvi Meher , Haque Shahzad F.
Published: July 2019

Background: This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of four doses of 40 µg vaccine in chronic kidney disease patients as compared to the three-dose 20 µg vaccine schedule given to the normal healthy population. Methodology: This study included 130 chronic kidney disease patients. Of these 84 were given 20 µg vaccine (52 patients were given three doses at 0, one and two months, and 32 patients were given four doses at 0, one, two and six months) and 46 patients were given 40 µg vaccine (30 patients were given three doses at 0, one and two months and 16 patients were given four doses at 0, one, two and six months). Patient response was assessed by measuring antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti HBs) one month after receiving the third and fourth doses each. Results: Of the patient who received three doses of 20 µg vaccine, 57.7% showed seroprotection while 68.7% of the patients who received four doses of this vaccine showed seroprotection. In contrast, 60% of the patients who received three doses of 40 µg vaccine had seroprotective antibody titers while 87.5% of the patients receiving four doses of 40 µg vaccine showed seroprotection. Conclusions: Seroprotection after four doses of 40 µg vaccine at 0, one, two, and six months was found to be better and cost effective in chronic kidney disease patients compared to three doses of 20 µg vaccine given to normal healthy individuals with adequate renal function.
Trends in Salmonella enteric serovar Typhi in Nairobi, Kenya from 2004 to 2006
Authors: Mengo Doris Mueni , Kariuki Sam , Muigai Ann , Revathi Gunturu
Published: July 2019

Background: Typhoid fever is a global health problem. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the current annual global burden of typhoid is approximately 22 million new cases, 5% of which are fatal. Methodology: To assess the trends in antibiotic resistance in 100 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strains were isolated from the blood of patients in Nairobi, Kenya, from 2004 to 2006. All isolates were tested against ampicilin, chloramphenic, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, cefuroxime, cefriaxone, amoxycillin/clavulanic acid, tetracycline and gentamycin. Susceptibility and resistance were determined using MIC and disk diffusion tests. Results: From 2004 to 2006 a total of 100 strains were studied; 70% of the isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR) while 15% of the isolates were sensitive to all drugs tested. Of 13 isolates that were resistant to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid by disk diffusion, 11 had an MIC of 0. 25 µg/ml while two isolates had an MIC of 1.00 µg,/ml. Resistance in ampicillin decreased from  88% in 2004 to 64% in 2005; this increased to 76% in 2006. Similar trends were observed for four other antibiotics tested. Conclusion: The prescription of first-line antibiotics used in the treatment of S. Typhi should be stopped temporarily. Drugs such as cipfloxacin would be useful in the treatment of typhoid caused by MDR S. Typhi. There is need to monitor the resistance in flouroquinolones as resistance to these drugs has been observed and they are the current drugs used to treat typhoid.
Hepatitis B virus infections in apparently healthy urban Nigerians: data from pre-vaccination tests
Authors: Adoga Moses P. , Gyar Silas D. , Pechulano Simon , Bashayi Obadiah D. , Emiasegen Samuel E. , Zungwe Timothy , Iperepolu Odunayo H. , Agupugo Chinwe , Agwale Simon M.
Published: July 2019

Background: In spite of the availability of an effective vaccine since 1982 against hepatitis B, infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is 50 to 100 times more infectious than HIV, still persists in most parts of the world with Nigeria being described as an endemic zone. We therefore set out to establish the prevalence of this infection and evaluate its relationship with age and gender in urban Nigerians. Methodology: During pre-vaccination tests, blood samples were collected by finger-prick and venepuncture from 1,891 subjects aged ≤ 60 years, between 2008 and 2009 after having obtained informed consent and ethical clearance. Smart Check HBsAg (Globalemed, Cape Town, South Africa) and ShantestTM-HBsAg Elisa (Shantha Biotechnics Ltd, Hyderabad, India) were used for initial and confirmatory tests respectively. Results: Of the 1,891 participants, 957 (50.6 %) were males and 934 (49.4%) were females. Overall 114 (6.0%) were positive, of whom 71 (7.4%) were males and 43 (4.6%) females. Those aged 21-30 years had the highest infection rate, and males were more likely to be infected with the virus than females (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Such a high prevalence of a vaccine-preventable infection questions the effectiveness of the Nigerian vaccination strategies. The Nigerian government hepatitis B vaccination programme, which hitherto is limited to the National Childhood Immunisation Programme, should include the adult population.
Microbial contamination of raw meat and its environment in retail shops in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Hassan Ali Nafisa , Farooqui Amber , Khan Adnan , Khan Ameera Yahya , Kazmi Shahana Urooj
Published: July 2019

Background: This study was conducted to examine the frequency of contamination in retail meat available in Karachi, Pakistan. Methodology: Raw meat samples (250) and surface swabs (90) from meat processing equipment and the surrounding environment were analyzed for microbiological contamination. Results: Out of 340 samples, 84% were found to be contaminated with bacterial species, including Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. A total of 550 (66%) of the bacterial isolates were potential pathogens. Of these, 342 and 208 isolates were from meat and environmental samples respectively. Food-borne pathogens isolated from meat samples included Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria, Salmonella Enteritidis and Shigella species whereas environmental samples yielded Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella species. Four strains of Brucella species were also isolated from meat samples. Total aerobic counts ranged between 108 -1010 CFU/g or cm2. Resistance to a wide range of antibiotics was observed. Resistance rates to ampicillin, amoxicillin, novobiocin and cefaclor were from 62 to 75% in general. Thirty-three percent of Salmonella isolates were resistant to ampicillin.  No quinolone resistance was observed. Biofilm formation was observed among 88 (16%) pathogenic bacteria including E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter species and Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusions: Food-borne pathogens found in retail shops could be sources for horizontal contamination of meat. Our data confirm the circulation of antibiotic resistant and biofilm forming pathogens in raw meat and its environment in retail shops in Pakistan, which could play a role in the spread of antimicrobial resistance amongst food-borne bacteria.
First record of the Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus Peters, 1852 (Perciformes, Cichlidae), on Kangean Island, Indonesia
Authors: Hasan Veryl , Pratama Fajar Surya , Malonga Win Ariga Mansur , Cahyanurani Annisa Bias
Published: July 2019

In 2019 we captured specimens of Oreochromismossambicus Peters, 1852 from Batu Batu River, an estuary river on Kangean Island (Indonesia), a conservation area in the Java Sea. These records are among the first of this species from an island in the Java Sea. A description of morphological characters of sampled specimens is provided.
4-aminopyridine – the new old drug for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Kostadinova Ivanka , Danchev Nikolai
Published: July 2019

In this review are described the preclinical and clinical pharmacological data as well as new therapeutic indications for the use of 4-aminopyridine. 4-aminopyridine is a potassium (K+) channel blocker that has a long history and various application areas. It is a chemical agent developed in 1963 as a bird poison. The first approval for clinical application of 4-aminopyridine was in 70’s in Bulgaria, since anesthetists in that country have confirmed its effect as reversal agent for nondepolarizing myorelaxants. The Bulgarian pharmaceutical company Sopharma commersialized 4-aminopyridine under the trade name Pymadin. Since then 4-aminopyridine was extensively studied and in 2010 is approved in the USA for the treatment of walking disabilities in patients with multiple sclerosis. In recent years, data from clinical trials indicated that K-channel blockade may prove to be an appropriate strategy to overcome disturbances in nerve impulses conduction associated with demyelination of the central nervous system.
Kinesitherapeutic behaviour in conservative treatment of coxarthrosis – case report
Authors: Becheva Maria , Petrova Gergana , Kirkova Angelina , Atanasov Petar
Published: July 2019

Hip arthrosis is the main cause of disability of all degenerative joint diseases and therefore it is considered to be of social significance. The presented clinical case aims to confirm the efficacy of the applied kinesitherapeutic program in conservative treatment of 62-year-old patient with right-sided coxarthrosis. The kinesitherapeutic methods included right lower limb massage, suspension therapy, tractions and manual movements of the right hip joint, positional treatment, active exercisesinan openkinetic chain, postisometric relaxation and stretching for shortened muscles.The pain symptoms were reduced, the volume of movement in the right hip increased, the strength of the right hip joint stabilizer musclespartially improved.
A peculiar new species of gall-inducing, clearwing moth (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) associated with Cayaponia in the Atlantic Forest
Authors: Moreira Gilson R.P. , Gorbunov Oleg G. , Fochezato Júlia , Gonçalves Gislene L.
Published: July 2019

Larvae of most clearwing moths (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) are endophagous borers of many angiosperms, including their fruits, stems, and roots. Their localized feeding may lead to swellings on those plant parts, but whether the structures produced should be considered true galls is still controversial. In this study we describe a peculiar sesiid moth, Neospheciacecidogenasp. nov. whose larvae induce unusual, external galls on Cayponiapilosa (Vell.) Cogn. (Cucurbitaceae) in the Atlantic Forest of southernmost Brazil. The adults, egg, larva, pupa and the gall are described and illustrated based on light and scanning electron microscopy. Galls are cylindrical and unilocular; they are induced individually on axillary buds of the C.pilosa stem. Unlike larvae of other sesiids, those of N.cecidogenasp. nov. lack abdominal pseudopodia, and show reduced stemata and chaetotaxy. Pupation occurs inside the gall, after having overwintered in the last larval instar. A maximum likelihood tree constructed based on mitochondrial DNA (COI) sequences showed that N.cecidogenasp. nov. is monophyletic and has an average distance of 13% to species of Melittia. The genera Neosphecia Le Cerf, 1916 stat. rev., Premelittia Le Cerf, 1916 stat rev., and Melittina Le Cerf, 1917 stat. rev. are restored from synonyms of Melittia Hübner, 1819 [“1816”].