bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Den dobbelte eros
Authors: Schultz Larsen Ole
Published: September 2023

Artiklen tager sit udgangspunkt i Freuds afhandling »Om den mest almindelige devaluering af kærlighedslivet« (1912). Den diskuterer Freuds syn på den psykiske impotens og det spaltede kærlighedsliv hos manden. På denne baggrund behandles Freuds skelnen mellem den ømme og den seksuelle strømning i mennesket. Hans opfattelse af den ømme strømnings udelukkende ødipale og seksuelt afledte natur problematiseres. Dens præ-ødipale baggrund undersøges ved hjælp af en objekt-relationel forklaringsramme.
Mulighederne for udviklingen af en fungibel tværkulturel psykologi
Authors: Berliner Peter
Published: September 2023

To make modern psychology more useful to people in developmental countries or in different subcultural and etnich groups, it is necessary to evolve a cross-cultural psychology on the basis of systematical interventions in changes (i.e. developmental processes) in those groups in question. In this article theoretical and methodical prerequisites for such a model are considered. The basis of the model is intervention. Thus the model is a mean of conceptualizing specific situational and contextual conditions and processes. Further more the model focus on ressources of actual and future development. The complexity of the context demands a model consisting of a multiple of theoretical approaches. The topic of the model are changes in society, on the group level and on the individual level. Changes mean alterations of particularly elements (i.e. processes) of interpersonel interaction - for instance specificparts of sign systems, of activity concerning labour or other social practices, specific institutionalized forms of communication (schools, trade, political debate etc.). The model, i.e. this sort of psychological interventionsindifferent cultural contexts, isused on material concerning the cognitive style of children in small Greenlandic settlements. It is shown how cognition in faet is the way, the children use their cognitive skills in interpersonel interactions. Tue essential point is how the children cope with demands from teachers and parents. Using the model on a case concerning a young Greenlandic man, it is shown that no simple connection is to be found between personal symptoms and biculturalism. The symptoms may of different courses incorporate biculturalism - and then on the conscious level falsely perceive biculturalism as the main course of the problems. The aim ofthe articel is to evolve a usable cross-cultural psychology- and thus overcome and integrate the criticism concerning the current cross-cultural psychology in the above outlined model of systematical interventions in changes.
Grammatical models and the self
Authors: Harré Rom
Published: September 2023

The fact that cultures are differentiated as much by the languages with which they are associated as by any other social practice suggest that the study of psycholinguistics and sociolingustics are like to prove powerful entry ports to cross-culturel psychology. Cultures are known to differ on a number of psychological dimensions, such as the available repetoire of emotions. But the most important and the most elusive is surely differences in the sense of self. This is a matter of the way self-knowledge is organized around a logical subject. In this paper a generally Wittgenstein stance to language is coupled with an analysis of the formsof reflective commentary to show how a space opens up for distinctive self-theories to enter into the psychology of a folk. Further research along these lines would tie in these phenomena to other culturel practices such as the assignment of responsibility. It is important to see these diffferences as located on grammar because it is only in grammar that a speaker finds that basic set of conventions within which there are no linguistic options. In so far as psychological structures are tied to grammar they are a fixed part of the culture.
Selvdestruktion
Authors: Hastrup Kirsten
Published: September 2023

Kollektiv selvdestruktion udgør i teoretisk forstand en katastrofe eller et kvalitativt spring, som fornægter sædvanlig udviklingslogik. Islands situation i 16-1700 tallet kan bedst beskrives som netop katastrofal i denne betydning. På alle områder af samfundslivet var der opløsning og tilbagegang. Gamle teknologier glemtes, økonomiske vækstpunkter undertryktes, og hungersnød blev hverdagskost. En demografisk krise truede med at udslette befolkningen. Ægteskabsfrekvensen var extremt lav og dødeligheden stor. Mødrene ammede ikke længere deres børn, og få nyfødte overlevede den rå komælk. Incest var almindeligt. Der var kort sagt tale om en opgivelse af enhver kulturel standard; kaos og uorden havde overtaget det sociale rum.Generelt kan man tale om en formfortillært hjælpeløshed i forbindelse med en kollektiv depression. Den kan læses som en kulturpsykologisk reaktion på en historisk situation, som blev mere og mere vanskelig.Naturkatastrofer og politisk underkastelse gjorde deres. Den symbolske udveksling med andre var gået helt i stå, og det eneste spejl, islændingene kunne se sig selv i, var fortiden. Spejlingen i forfædrenes bedrifter tydeliggjorde deres egen afmagt - og reaktionen var en næsten stædig destruktion af kulturen.
Kognitionsforskning i Danmark
Authors: Karpatschof Benny , Folke Larsen Steen
Published: September 2023

Nærværende notat er et oplæg til et særligt arbejdsudvalg ( FTU-udvalget) under Det Humanistiske Forskningsråd, som overvejer at gøre kognitionsforskning til særligt prioriteret forskningsområde. Notatet, der er udarbejdet af de to forfattere i en ad hoc arbejdsgruppe med deltagelse af Henning Boje Andersen, Risø, og Peter Bøgh Andersen, Århus Universitet, er endnu ikke færdigbehandlet i forskningsrådet, hvor drøftelsen iøvrigt nødvendigvis må udvides fra vores humanistiske udgangspunkt til også at omfatte de naturvidenskabelige og tekniske discipliner, som er de nødvendige samarbejdspartnere i dette grænseoverskridendeområde. I notatet introduceres det forskningsområde, som internationalt benævnes Cognitive Science, og som her i landet foreslås navngivet Kognitionsforskning; en afgrænsning af området og en præcisering af dets indhold forsøges, og rammerne for en dansk forskningsindsats på dette område skitseres - med udgangspunkt i de humanistiske fag, men i samarbejde med de naturvidenskabelige og tekniske discipliner.
Sprog og kognition
Authors: Siggaard Jensen Hans
Published: September 2023

The relationship between cognitive science, artificial intelligence and positions in the philosophy of language are investigated, especially departing from John Haugeland's analysis of the foundations of GOFAI (Good Old Fashioned AI). It is concluded thatneither a pure formalist account like GOFAI with its representationalism, nor a purely rule-based account like the later Wittgensteins can account for the relationship between language and cognition, because language is an abstract entity that essentially involvessemantics and intentionality, and is also situated in a sense that first J.L. Austin pointed to.
Chinese Factor in Changing Geopolitical Reality (1991–2022)
Authors: Li Ning
Published: September 2023

This work is devoted to the study of the factor of the People’s Republic of China in the changing geopolitical reality (1991–2022). The subject of the study is the factor of the People’s Republic of China in the changing geopolitical reality since the end of the Cold War. The aim of the study is to determine the role of the People’s Republic of China in changing the international world order. In order to achieve the previously stated goal, a number of main tasks are set: to identify the causes of the defeat of the USSR in the Cold War and its disintegration; to analyze the consequences of the disintegration of the USSR; to determine the reasons for the growth of the PRC in the international arena; to describe methods, the implementation of which led to the growth of the People’s Republic of China; to consider the Chinese factor in the changing geopolitical situation. The main conclusions of the study is the identification of the People’s Republic of China’s factor in the changing geopolitical situation is the position of the economic and technological pioneer of the reconstruction of the world arena, which is dominated by the US and its allies.
Protective effect of astaxanthin nanoemulsion on mammalian inner ear hair cells
Authors: Kobayashi Yuki , Sugahara Kazuma , Takemoto Yosuke , Tsuda Junko , Hirose Yoshinobu , Hashimoto Makoto , Yamashita Hiroshi
Published: September 2023

Background

Aminoglycoside antibiotics are used for treating certain acute infections. However, these drugs cause ototoxicity by inducing inner ear hair cell death.

Aims/Objectives

We investigated the protective effect of a nanoemulsion of the carotenoid astaxanthin on mammalian inner ear hair cells against neomycin-induced ototoxicity.

Material and Methods

Dose-response relationship, quantification of hair cell loss, and reactive oxygen species production were assayed in response to neomycin with and without astaxanthin in cultured utricles of CBA/N mice. In addition, auditory brain response (ABR) and hair cell loss after exposure to the nanoformulation and loud noise were examined in vivo in guinea pigs.

Results

Astaxanthin suppressed neomycin-induced reduction of hair cells by reducing the production of hydroxy radicals. Furthermore, hair cell loss in the second rotation of the cochlea was significantly lower in the astaxanthin group than in the noise-only group.

Conclusions and Significance

The blood-labyrinth barrier limits the successful delivery of drugs for inner ear complications. However, in the nanoemulsion form, astaxanthin can penetrate the round window (fenestra ovale) membrane, enabling topical administration. Thus, astaxanthin nanoemulsion could be useful in treating ototoxicity in individuals with inner ear complications.
Ferrostatin-1 post-treatment attenuates acute kidney injury in mice by inhibiting ferritin production and regulating iron uptake-related proteins
Authors: Zhao Yanxiu , Jiang Binhua , Huang Dinghui , Lou Juxiang , Li Guoshun , Liu Jianqi , Duan Fuhui , Yuan Yuan , Su Xiaoyan
Published: September 2023

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious medical condition with high morbidity and mortality. Recent research has highlighted ferroptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death, as a potential therapeutic target in mitigating renal tubular injury in AKI. Ferrostatin-1, a specific ferroptosis inhibitor, has been demonstrated to prevent renal injury through ferroptosis inhibition.

Methods

Utilizing a murine AKI model, we investigated the effects of Ferrostatin-1 by administering it post-injury. Through high-throughput sequencing and pathological analysis, we focused on the critical role of ferroptosis-related pathways in the treatment.

Results

Ferrostatin-1 post-conditioning effectively mitigated oxidative damage and reduced iron content associated with AKI. Additionally, critical ferroptosis-related proteins, such as GPX4, SLC7A11, NRF2, and FTH1, exhibited increased expression levels. In vitro, Ferrostatin-1 treatment of HK-2 cells significantly diminished lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation. Furthermore, Ferrostatin-1 was found to downregulate the PI3K signalling pathway.

Conclusion

Ferrostatin-1 acted as a potential ferroptosis inhibitor with the capacity to enhance antioxidant defences. This study suggests that Ferrostatin-1 could serve as a promising novel strategy for improving the treatment of AKI and promoting recovery from the condition.
Curculigo pilosa rhizome Supplementation Reverses P-Hydroxyacetanilide-Induced Oxidative Stress and Lipid Profile Dysfunction in Rats
Authors: Olabisi Ogunrinola O. , Oluwaseyi Ogunrinola A. , Iweunor Nwaemeke D. , Adetutu Lawal N. , Taiwo Salako O. , Oluwatosin Dosunmu A.
Published: September 2023

Exposure to drug toxicity results in stress and dysfunction of metabolizing enzymes that cause illnesses and diseases. Consumption of medicinal plant rhizomes is a regime for managing the complications. On the activities of some oxidative stress marker enzymes (catalase, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase), as well as the concentration of lipid profiles (cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids) of p-hydroxyacetanilide (pPHA)-induced toxicity in rats, the effects of an aqueous extract of Curculigo pilosa (C. pilosa) rhizome were assessed. Forty rats were randomly grouped into eight groups (n = 5). The control group; aqueous extract of C. pilosa rhizome group; 750 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg per body weight of pPHA group; the preventive groups (aqueous extract of C. pilosa rhizome and 750 mg/kg per body weight of pPHA; aqueous extract of C. pilosa rhizomes and 1000 mg/kg per body weight of pPHA); and the curative groups (750 mg/kg per body weight of pPHA and aqueous extract of C. pilosa rhizome; 1000 mg/kg body weight of pPHA and aqueous extract of C. pilosa rhizome). The oxidative stress marker enzymes and lipid profiles were analyzed spectrophotometrically in the serum, kidney, brain, and liver of the animals on the seventh and fourteenth days after the administrations. The results show that pPHA decreases the oxidative stress marker activities and the lipid profile concentrations in all the compartments, but the pre- and post-treatment with an aqueous extract of C. pilosa rhizome improved the activities of the stress marker enzymes and the lipid profiles dysfunction. The result suggests that an aqueous extract of C. pilosa rhizome has preventive and curative therapeutic potential for pPHA-induced toxicity.
Exploring the Nutritional Landscape: A Review of Fodder Options for Livestock
Authors: Saikanth D. R. K. , T. Giggin , Roy Deepjyoti , Kumar Narendra , Buch Khuban , Sharma Poonam , Dubey Gaurav , Singh Bal Veer
Published: September 2023

Livestock nutrition plays a crucial role in ensuring the health and productivity of animals. Fodder are key component of livestock diets, providing essential nutrients for growth, reproduction, and overall well-being. The application of inorganic nutrients with the combination of organic nutrients leads to improve crop yield with improvement in soil health and its productivity without deteriorating the environmental conditions. This review aims to explore the nutritional landscape of fodder and forage options for livestock, examining their composition, availability, and potential benefits.
Analysis of Historical Monthly and Annual Rainfall and Temperature Variability (1980–2020) in Baringo Couny County, Kenya
Authors: Masinde Indiatsy Christopher , Mamboleo Dennis , Nyantika Daniel
Published: September 2023

Climate variability entails the mean fluctuations in climatic elements and other observable characteristics on temporal or spatial scales. Assessing climate variability is a frequent practice in climatology based on its impact on social - economic aspects. Climate is subject to variations in many parts of world, exhibited mainly by rainfall and temperature fluctuations. The variability in Africa has resulted in the spread of desert conditions in the Sahel. Kenya experiences great variations of climate annually and considerable uncertainty when rains are expected, impacting negatively on farming activities. The study objective was to establish the historical trends of variability patterns in rainfall and temperature in Baringo County between 1980 – 2020. The study adopted a longitudinal study design as it involved a time series analysis of the trends and variability patterns of rainfall and temperature. Secondary data on rainfall and temperature was collected from Kenya Meteorological Services headquarters in Nairobi. Rainfall variability was determined and measured using the following techniques; Mean ( ), Standard deviation (SD), Precipitation concentration index (PCI), Relative variability (RV), Drought Intensity (DI) and Coefficient of variability (CV). Temperature variability was determined and measured by analyzing the County temperature distribution tables. Results indicated Baringo South to have a higher variability than Baringo North, marked with its higher CV, DI, RV and PCI. Pre-drought planning to cope up or overcome the droughts were highly recommended and measures provided. The study findings are expected to help farmers, the government and economic planners to focus on effective mitigation areas, formulate alternative policies on mitigating the effect of rainfall and temperature variability on activities of farming in Baringo County.
Role of Biofertilizers in Chickpea: A Review
Authors: Choudhary Dilip , Rundla Surgyan , Jadhav Ravindra , Naga Indar Raj , Kumawat Kiran , Sharma Pavan Kumar
Published: September 2023

Compared to when both rhizobium and the bacteria that solubilize phosphate are inoculated separately, the interaction effect between the two inoculations gradually increases the growth parameters and yield production. Rhizobium and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) had shown advantage in enhancing chickpea productivity, cost effective, ecofriendly and renewable sources of plant nutrients. Biofertilizers have the ability to improve the growth and nodulation of chickpea enables it to withstand the periods of drought. Utilising Rhizobium's symbiotic properties to increase the nitrogen supply to agricultural plants.
Standardization of Length of Cuttings and Auxin Levels on Root and Shoot Growth of Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus undatus L.)
Authors: Dharani J. , Rajangam J. , Beaulah A. , Venkatesan K. , Vijayasamundeeswari A.
Published: September 2023

Dragon fruit as the "Wondrous Fruit" of the twenty-first century is a cactus-like vine with great economic and nutritional potential as exotic fruit crops in domestic and foreign markets. One of the biggest issues with commercial fruit production is the development of high-quality planting materials. Considering that it is a cross-pollinated crop, true-to-type plants could not be obtained through seed propagation. Hence, standardization of vegetative propagation protocol is necessary for commercial production. Therefore the experiment was conducted at Department of Fruit Science, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Periyakulam, to assess different length of stem cuttings (viz., C1 -10cm, C2 – 15cm, C3 – 20cm and C4 - 25 cm) with various concentration of auxin level (viz., G1 – IBA 2000 ppm, G2 – IBA 4000 ppm, G3 - IBA 6000 ppm, G4 – NAA 50 ppm, G5 - NAA 100 ppm, G6 – NAA 150 ppm) for achieving growth and rooting of dragon fruit. According to the experimental findings, among the different treatments 25cm cuttings treated with IBA 6000ppm showed noticeably superior results in early root initiation (12.11 DAP) and sprout initiation (8.26 DAP), highest shoot length (75.52cm) and root length (17.64cm), Average number of roots per cutting (20.17), Average number of shoots per cutting (3.7), maximum survival percentage (93.42%) than other treatments.
Chemical Synthesis of Sulphur Nanoparticles and Their Characterization
Authors: Priyadharshan G. , Rajeswari R. , Maragatham S. , Rajkishore S. K. , Rahale C. Sharmila , Pradeep D.
Published: September 2023

This study focuses on the synthesis and comprehensive characterization of sulphur nanoparticles (S-NPs) using a precipitation method. The synthesis involved sodium thiosulphate and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide surfactants in a concentrated hydrochloric acid medium. The resulting S-NPs were thoroughly characterized using various advanced techniques. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles, revealing distinctive diffraction patterns. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) provided high-resolution images that elucidated the size and morphological aspects of the S-NPs, which exhibited a uniform size distribution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) further supported the morphological information, showcasing the surface features of the nanoparticles. Additionally, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis enabled the identification of functional groups and surface chemistry changes associated with the S-NPs. The comprehensive utilization of XRD, TEM, SEM, and FT-IR analysis provides a detailed understanding of the structural, morphological, and chemical attributes of the synthesized sulphur nanoparticles, paving the way for their potential applications in various fields.
Effect of Levels of Phosphorus and Zinc-EDTA on Growth and Yield of Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) in Zinc-Deficient Vertisol
Authors: Chama Tasso , Shanmugasundaram R. , Selvi D. , Chandrasekhar C. N. , Srinivasan K.
Published: September 2023

Aim: In pursuit of optimizing crop productivity and nutritional quality, this study aimed to investigate the influence and interaction of phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) on the growth, yield, and quality parameters of Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.), variety VBN 8.

Study Design: The experiment was designed using Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD), incorporating 12 treatment combinations and three replications.

Place and duration of Study: The experiment was conducted in the field no. A 4 of Wetland farm, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore; from May 2023 to August 2023.

Methodology: The experiment consisted of 12 treatments, each replicated three times, resulting in a total of 36 experimental plots. The treatments included different combinations of P levels (0, 25, 50, and 75 kg ha-1) and concentrations of foliar-applied Zn-EDTA (0%, 0.5%, and 1.0%) applied twice at 30 and 45 days after sowing. The recommended dose of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K2O) at 25 kg ha-1 each, along with a recommended dose of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) at 25 kg ha-1, was applied as a blanket recommendation to ensure consistent nutrient supply across treatments.

Results: It was found that the treatment combination of 50 kg ha-1 P2O5 and 0.5% Zn-EDTA increased morphological characters and yield compared to other treatments followed by treatment combination of 50 kg ha-1 P2O5 and 1% Zn-EDTA. The minimum yield and morphological characters were recorded in the control plot where neither P2O5 nor Zn-EDTA was applied.

Conclusion: This research depicted that the combined application of 50 kg ha-1 P2O5 and 0.5% Zn-EDTA spray has a positive impact on the growth, yield and quality of blackgram in zinc deficient soil under field conditions resulting in improved morphological characters and crop yield. Hence, it may be concluded that an optimum dose of 50 kg ha-1 P2O5 and 0.5% Zn-EDTA spray can be recommended for blackgram to enhance crop productivity.
Survey and Isolation of Rice Bacterial Leaf Blight Caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
Authors: Firdouse M. Fahima , Sudha A. , Johnson I. , Anandham R. , Saranya N. , Amala A. Selva , Arunprakash S.
Published: September 2023

A survey was conducted at different rice growing regions of Tamil Nadu such as Erode, Tanjore and Coimbatore. Among the areas surveyed the maximum disease incidence was recorded at Tanjore in the rice variety ADT 54 with the percent disease incidence of 50.23%. Initially one bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae was isolated in nutrient agar medium from the leaves having characteristic symptom. Totally 10 isolates of Xoo were collected from three different regions of Tamil Nadu. On isolating the pathogen the colonies are found to be well separated with slimy yellow color and mucoid growth.
Primary Endovascular Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients Ineligible for Intravenous Thrombolysis
Authors: Ahmed Raed , Yassin Ossama , Ghaly Azza , Bonafe Alain , Tageldeen Elsayed
Published: September 2023

Endovascular treatment (EVT) of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is the main treatment of large vessel occlusion (LVO). Nonetheless, access to EVT is limited specially in developing countries. It is not uncommon in these regions to miss the time window for intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) or to arrive within the IVT window but with a contraindication for it. Hence, a lot of patients with LVO face a situation where either they receive EVT only or conservative management according to available logistics.

Aim: To study the outcome of EVT vs best medical treatment (BMT) in two Egyptian stroke  centres (Tanta and Alexandria) in AIS patients ineligible for IVT.

Results: 390 patients with AIS and LVO were included in the study. 74 underwent EVT while 316 underwent BMT. There were no statistical differences in age, sex, time of onset, initial severity, or imaging scores in both groups. The EVT group had more diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, more smokers and more systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) while the BMT had more anticoagulated patients. The EVT group had better functional outcome but more symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage with no difference in mortality.

Conclusion: Endovascular treatment doubles the good functional outcome of AIS in LVO patients but ICH is more with no effect on mortality.
FACTORS DRIVING GENERATION Z'S USE OF ONLINE FOOD DELIVERY SERVICE AT THE END OF PANDEMIC
Authors: Pramezwary Amelda , Yulius Kevin Gustian , Viensa Vinka P , Pujangga Jonathan F
Published: September 2023

Food delivery industry has undergone a significant transformation with the rise of online platforms, appealing to tech-savvy Generation Z. Generation Z was chosen as they are considered the market of the future. This study examines the factors influencing Generation Z's use of online food delivery in Tangerang, during the post-COVID-19 period. Data from 150 Generation Z respondents who used online food delivery services in the past three months were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25. The study found that perceived usefulness, trust, and time-saving benefits strongly influence Generation Z's intention to use online food delivery. They highly value the practicality, reliability, and efficiency of these platforms. Transparent communication and reliable delivery services are crucial for retaining Generation Z consumers, while highlighting the time-saving advantages is essential to meet their preferences. Surprisingly, factors like ease of use, food safety risk perception, COVID-19 severity, vulnerability, and price-saving benefits had insignificant influence. Understanding these preferences can help service providers, policymakers, and marketers enhance satisfaction and tailor their offerings to meet the needs of Generation Z in the competitive post-pandemic market. Further research is needed to uncover the specific drivers influencing Generation Z's adoption of online food delivery services.
Curved Architected Triboelectric Metamaterials: Auxeticity‐Enabled Enhanced Figure‐of‐Merit
Authors: Chen Haoyu , Shi Jiahao , Akbarzadeh Abdolhamid
Published: September 2023

Triboelectric generators are integrated into curved architected materials to realize triboelectric metamaterials that simultaneously harvest electricity from wasted mechanical energy and perform mechanical energy absorption. Novel triboelectric mechanical metamaterials (TMMs) of distance‐changing, angle‐changing, and mixed modes are designed, fabricated, and tested under a cyclic compressive load. The open‐circuit voltage and short‐circuit current of lightweight TMMs are found to be as high as 40 V and 10 nA. The introduced TMMs can effectively harvest energy under loadings from two distinctive directions. A theoretical model for predicting the energy harvesting properties of TMMs is developed, and the role of auxeticity on the energy harvesting figure‐of‐merit (FOMes) is elicited. The introduced TMMs exhibit enhanced FOMes enabled by a decrease in their negative Poisson's ratio and an increase in their resilience. The FOMes of curved architected TMMs surpasses by more than 16 times the FOMes of triboelectric materials with conventional architectures (i.e., triangular, quadrilateral, and hexagonal cell topologies). An intelligent skateboard with integrated TMMs is fabricated as a proof of concept to demonstrate motion sensing, shock‐absorbing, and energy harvesting functionalities of multimodal triboelectric metamaterials. The introduced design strategy for triboelectric metamaterials unlocks their applications in self‐powered and self‐monitoring sports equipment, smart soft robots, and large‐scale energy harvesters.
Metasurface‐Driven and Nanomaterial‐Coupled Plasmonic Biosensor for the Rapid and Quantitative Clinical Identification of Neutralizing Antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 Variants
Authors: Li Rui , Zhao Ya , Fan Hongli , Zhou Hanlin , Yin Shaoping , Zhang Qiang , Jin Meilin , Liu Gang L. , Huang Liping
Published: September 2023

A robust serological test is required to detect neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). A nanomaterial‐coupled metasurface plasmon resonance (MetaSPR) biosensor is developed for rapid multiplexing quantitative tests of the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of SARS‐CoV‐2 NAbs in human sera. This biosensor is applied to a MetaSPR competitive or surrogate virus neutralization test (MSPR VNT) used for quantifying NAb‐mediated blockage of the interaction between the human angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) receptor and the receptor‐binding domain (RBD) of the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein. Novel nanomaterial, gold platinum nanoflowers (Au@Pt NFs), is combined with the optimized MetaSPR chip for dual signal amplification. The clinical utility of this biosensor is validated in 40 participants, and the results are confirmed with the IC50 values calculated using the pseudovirus neutralization test. Similarly, the neutralization titer of Omicron and Delta variants and the ability of NAbs to resist these variants are monitored. The MSPR VNT miniaturized optical biosensor instrument has a high throughput and enables one‐step, rapid, and accurate quantification of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants or viruses causing other infectious diseases, which is applicable in vaccine trials, immune response studies, and epidemiological studies.
Boosting Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Through Local Charge Polarization in Chemically Bonded Single‐Molecule Junctions Between Ketone Molecules and Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Huang Kaihui , Bai Junxian , Shen Rongchen , Li Xiuzhi , Qin Chaochao , Zhang Peng , Li Xin
Published: September 2023

Efficient charge carrier separation is widely recognized as crucial for effective photocatalytic solar energy conversion. Although certain covalent organic frameworks (COFs) exhibit visible light absorption, rapid carrier recombination often severely restricts their photocatalytic efficiency. This study presents a novel molecular‐engineering approach to enhance carrier separation in 2D substoichiometric COFs post‐treatment with polar ketone molecules. Remarkably, through molecular engineering, incorporating polar ketone molecules induces local charge polarization within the COFs, substantially improving photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance. Specifically, the modified COFs single‐molecule junctions demonstrate a 5.6‐fold increase in efficiency compared to the unmodified COFs. Experimental and theoretical investigations provide comprehensive evidence that introducing ketone‐based single‐molecule junctions induces local charge polarization and delocalization, thereby facilitating efficient carrier separation, rapid charge transfer, and enhanced dispersion in water. These findings validate the potential of fine‐tuning the carrier separation properties of COFs at the molecular level, offering new prospects for artificial photosynthesis.
Interface Interaction Enhanced Piezo‐Catalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Generation via One‐Electron Water Oxidation
Authors: Wen Yingying , Liu Wei , Wang Peifang , Che Huinan , Tang Chunmei , Liu Bin , Ao Yanhui
Published: September 2023

Piezo‐catalysis, which is possible to utilize natural mechanical energy, is an ideal technology for synthesizing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) but is still challenging. Herein, C‐layer coated ZnO (C‐ZnO) with modulated electronic structure is constructed for piezo‐catalytic H2O2 generation. The C‐layer not only provides more active sites but also induces higher piezo‐response to mechanical stimuli. As a result, the optimized C‐ZnO exhibits ultrahigh piezocatalytic activity for H2O2 yield with a rate of 294 µM h−1 in pure water. Theoretical calculation demonstrates that the interaction at the interface induces charge redistribution, leading to the hole accumulation on the surface, thus promoting one‐electron water oxidation. In addition, the C‐ZnO exhibits excellent piezo‐catalytic performance for the degradation of different pollutants. This study not only provides a promising way (utilization of mechanical energy) for efficient H2O2 production in pure water but also opens a new avenue for designing highly active piezo‐catalytic systems for pollutants degradation.
Greatly Boosting Seawater Hydrogen Evolution by Surface Amorphization and Morphology Engineering on MoO2/Ni3(PO4)2
Authors: Lu Jianxi , Chen Songbo , Zhuo Yuling , Mao Xinya , Liu Dong , Wang Zhenbo
Published: September 2023

Hydrogen production through seawater electrolysis faces several challenges, one of which involves the development of electrocatalysts with high catalytic performance. Here, surface amorphization and morphology engineering are combined to design a novel electrocatalyst for highly‐efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The surface‐amorphized MoO2/Ni3(PO4)2 microcolumns supported on nickel foam (SA‐MoO2/Ni3(PO4)2/NF) display remarkable performance with low overpotentials of 34 and 46 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1 m KOH and alkaline seawater, respectively. In addition, the alkaline electrolysis cell (AEC) integrated with SA‐MoO2/Ni3(PO4)2/NF as the cathode and Ni foam as the anode achieves a current density of 100 mA cm−2 at 1.87 V in 6 m KOH seawater at 60 °C, superior to that of industrial NiMo electrode as cathode (2.05 V). DFT calculations demonstrate that the surface amorphous layer (MoOx) improves the hydrogen adsorption energy of sample and reduces the energy barrier of water dissociation. It is found that substantial improvement in catalytic performance stems from the synergistic effect between surface amorphization and unique microcolumn morphology. These findings may provide insights into combining surface amorphization and morphology engineering strategies to enhance catalytic performance and pave the way for the development of highly efficient seawater HER electrocatalysts.
Mechano‐Activated Cell Therapy for Accelerated Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Shou Yufeng , Le Zhicheng , Cheng Hong Sheng , Liu Qimin , Ng Yi Zhen , Becker David Laurence , Li Xianlei , Liu Ling , Xue Chencheng , Yeo Natalie Jia Ying , Tan Runcheng , Low Jessalyn , Kumar Arun R.K. , Wu Kenny Zhuoran , Li Hua , Cheung Christine , Lim Chwee Teck , Tan Nguan Soon , Chen Yongming , Liu Zhijia , Tay Andy
Published: September 2023

Chronic diabetic wounds are a significant global healthcare challenge. Current strategies, such as biomaterials, cell therapies, and medical devices, however, only target a few pathological features and have limited efficacy. A powerful platform technology combining magneto‐responsive hydrogel, cells, and wireless magneto‐induced dynamic mechanical stimulation (MDMS) is developed to accelerate diabetic wound healing. The hydrogel encapsulates U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved fibroblasts and keratinocytes to achieve ∼3‐fold better wound closure in a diabetic mouse model. MDMS acts as a nongenetic mechano‐rheostat to activate fibroblasts, resulting in ∼240% better proliferation, ∼220% more collagen deposition, and improved keratinocyte paracrine profiles via the Ras/MEK/ERK pathway to boost angiogenesis. The magneto‐responsive property also enables on‐demand insulin release for spatiotemporal glucose regulation through increasing network deformation and interstitial flow. By mining scRNAseq data, a mechanosensitive fibroblast subpopulation is identified that can be mechanically tuned for enhanced proliferation and collagen production, maximizing therapeutic impact. The “all‐in‐one” system addresses major pathological factors associated with diabetic wounds in a single platform, with potential applications for other challenging wound types.
Photochemically Activated 3D Printing Inks: Current Status, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Gauci Steven C. , Vranic Aleksandra , Blasco Eva , Bräse Stefan , Wegener Martin , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher
Published: September 2023

3D printing with light is enabled by the photochemistry underpinning it. Without fine control over the ability to photochemically gate covalent bond formation by the light at a certain wavelength and intensity, advanced photoresists with functions spanning from on‐demand degradability, adaptability, rapid printing speeds, and tailored functionality are impossible to design. Herein, recent advances in photoresist design for light‐driven 3D printing applications are critically assessed, and an outlook of the outstanding challenges and opportunities is provided. This is achieved by classing the discussed photoresists in chemistries that function photoinitiator‐free and those that require a photoinitiator to proceed. Such a taxonomy is based on the efficiency with which photons are able to generate covalent bonds, with each concept featuring distinct advantages and drawbacks.
Chemical Reactions in Living Systems
Authors: Schauenburg Dominik , Weil Tanja
Published: September 2023

The term “in vivo (“in the living”) chemistry” refers to chemical reactions that take place in a complex living system such as cells, tissue, body liquids, or even in an entire organism. In contrast, reactions that occur generally outside living organisms in an artificial environment (e.g., in a test tube) are referred to as in vitro. Over the past decades, significant contributions have been made in this rapidly growing field of in vivo chemistry, but it is still not fully understood, which transformations proceed efficiently without the formation of by‐products or how product formation in such complex environments can be characterized. Potential applications can be imagined that synthesize drug molecules directly within the cell or confer new cellular functions through controlled chemical transformations that will improve the understanding of living systems and develop new therapeutic strategies. The guiding principles of this contribution are twofold: 1) Which chemical reactions can be translated from the laboratory to the living system? 2) Which characterization methods are suitable for studying reactions and structure formation in complex living environments?
Capillary dysfunction in healthy elderly APOE ε4 carriers with raised brain Aβ deposition
Authors: Madsen Lasse S. , Kjeldsen Pernille L. , Ismail Rola , Parbo Peter , Østergaard Leif , Brooks David J. , Eskildsen Simon F.
Published: September 2023

INTRODUCTION

Capillary dysfunction, characterized by disturbances in capillary blood flow distribution, might be an overlooked factor in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study investigated microvascular blood flow in preclinical and prodromal AD individuals.

METHODS

Using dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography, we examined alterations in microvascular circulation and levels of Aβ deposition in two independent cohorts of APOE ε4 carriers.

RESULTS

Capillary dysfunction was elevated in both prodromal and preclinical AD individuals compared to age‐matched controls. Additionally, the prodromal group exhibited higher levels of capillary dysfunction compared to the preclinical group.

DISCUSSION

These findings suggest that capillary dysfunction can be detected at the preclinical stage of AD and indicates a worsening of capillary dysfunction throughout the AD continuum. Understanding the interaction between capillary dysfunction and Aβ could provide insights into the relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and the development of AD.

Highlights

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with disturbances in microvascular circulation.

Capillary dysfunction can be detected in preclinical AD.

As cognitive symptoms progress in prodromal AD, capillary dysfunction worsens.

Capillary dysfunction may impede the clearance of beta‐amyloid (Aβ).

Capillary dysfunction might contribute to the development of AD.
Progress in building clinically relevant patient‐derived tumor xenograft models for cancer research
Authors: Wang Weijing , Li Yongshu , Lin Kaida , Wang Xiaokang , Tu Yanyang , Zhuo Zhenjian
Published: September 2023

Patient‐derived tumor xenograft (PDX) models, a method involving the surgical extraction of tumor tissues from cancer patients and subsequent transplantation into immunodeficient mice, have emerged as a pivotal approach in translational research, particularly in advancing precision medicine. As the first stage of PDX development, the patient‐derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) models implant tumor tissue in mice in the corresponding anatomical locations of the patient. The PDOX models have several advantages, including high fidelity to the original tumor, heightened drug sensitivity, and an elevated rate of successful transplantation. However, the PDOX models present significant challenges, requiring advanced surgical techniques and resource‐intensive imaging technologies, which limit its application. And then, the humanized mouse models, as well as the zebrafish models, were developed. Humanized mouse models contain a human immune environment resembling the tumor and immune system interplay. The humanized mouse models are a hot topic in PDX model research. Regarding zebrafish patient‐derived tumor xenografts (zPDX) and patient‐derived organoids (PDO) as promising models for studying cancer and drug discovery, zPDX models are used to transplant tumors into zebrafish as novel personalized medical animal models with the advantage of reducing patient waiting time. PDO models provide a cost‐effective approach for drug testing that replicates the in vivo environment and preserves important tumor‐related information for patients. The present review highlights the functional characteristics of each new phase of PDX and provides insights into the challenges and prospective developments in this rapidly evolving field.
Development of 3D‐Printed Magnetic Micro‐Nanorobots for Targeted Therapeutics: the State of Art
Authors: Hu Ningning , Ding Lujia , Liu Yuyi , Wang Kemin , Zhang Bing , Yin Ruixue , Zhou Wenju , Bi Zhuming , Zhang Wenjun
Published: September 2023

Micro‐/nanorobots (mn‐robots), inspired by the versatile mechanisms found in natural microorganisms, show great potential in enabling innovative bio‐applications. The 3D‐printed magnetic mn‐robots are substantially advanced to swim in vivo and to carry and release therapeutic agents in a controlled manner. To understand the state of the art of such robots and identify their development trend, this article presents a comprehensive and systematic review of the recent works on development of magnetic robots and their applications in biomedical engineering, with a particular focus on targeted therapeutic delivery. The developments in materials, fabrications, actuations, and applications with design for magnetic mn‐robots are reviewed, and it is aimed to discover the limitations of the existing works and to identify the knowledge gap, thereby deriving future research directions on developing magnetic mn‐robots, especially for their applications in targeted therapeutic delivery.
Active Sites Decorated Nonpolar Pore‐Based MOF for One‐step Acquisition of C2H4 and Recovery of C3H6
Authors: Wang Gang‐Ding , Li Yong‐Zhi , Shi Wen‐Juan , Hou Lei , Wang Yao‐Yu , Zhu Zhonghua
Published: September 2023

Herein, a 2‐fold interpenetrated metal‐organic framework (MOF) Zn‐BPZ‐TATB with accessible N/O active sites in nonpolar pore surfaces was reported for one‐step C2H4 purification from C2H6 or C3H6 mixtures as well as recovery of C3H6 from C2H6/C3H6/C2H4 mixtures. The MOF exhibits the favorable C2H6 and C3H6 uptakes (>100 cm3 g−1 at 298 K under 100 kPa) as well as selective adsorption of C2H6 and C3H6 over C2H4. The C3H6‐ and C2H6‐selective feature were investigated detailedly by experimental tests as well as sorption kinetic studyies. Molecular modelling revealed the multiple interactions between C3H6 or C2H6 molecules and methyl groups as well as triazine rings in pores. Zn‐BPZ‐TATB not only can directly generate 323.4 L kg−1 and 15.4 L kg−1 of high‐purity (≥99.9 %) C2H4 from C3H6/C2H4 and C2H6/C2H4 mixtures, but also provide a large high‐purity (≥99.5 %) C3H6 recovery capacity of 60.1 L kg−1 from C3H6/C2H4 mixtures. More importantly, the high‐purity C3H6 (≥99.5 %) and C2H4 (≥99.9 %) with the productivities of 38.2 and 12.7 L kg−1 can be simultaneously obtained from C2H6/C3H6/C2H4 mixtures through a single adsorption/desorption cycle.
Alternatives to Styrene‐ and Diisobutylene‐Based Copolymers for Membrane Protein Solubilization via Nanodisc Formation
Authors: Workman Cameron E. , Bag Pushan , Cawthon Bridgie , Ali Fidaa H. , Brady Nathan G. , Bruce Barry D. , Long Brian K.
Published: September 2023

Styrene‐maleic acid copolymers (SMAs), and related amphiphilic copolymers, are promising tools for isolating and studying integral membrane proteins in a native‐like state. However, they do not exhibit this ability universally, as several reports have found that SMAs and related amphiphilic copolymers show little to no efficiency when extracting specific membrane proteins. Recently, it was discovered that esterified SMAs could enhance the selective extraction of trimeric Photosystem I from the thylakoid membranes of thermophilic cyanobacteria; however, these polymers are susceptible to saponification that can result from harsh preparation or storage conditions. To address this concern, we herein describe the development of α‐olefin‐maleic acid copolymers (αMAs) that can extract trimeric PSI from cyanobacterial membranes with the highest extraction efficiencies observed when using any amphiphilic copolymers, including diisobutylene‐co‐maleic acid (DIBMA) and functionalized SMA samples. Furthermore, we will show that αMAs facilitate the formation of photosystem I‐containing nanodiscs that retain an annulus of native lipids and a native‐like activity. We also highlight how αMAs provide an agile, tailorable synthetic platform that enables fine‐tuning hydrophobicity, controllable molar mass, and consistent monomer incorporation while overcoming shortcomings of prior amphiphilic copolymers.
Unusual formation of Ir(III) complexes with non‐symmetrical NacNac ligands: Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of catalytic activity in transfer hydrogenation reduction reactions
Authors: Benítez‐Puebla Luis J. , Flores‐Alamo Marcos , Wrobel Katarzyna , Wrobel Kazimierz , Serrano Oracio , Vazquez Miguel A.
Published: September 2023

A new type of trans‐dichloro‐Ir(III) complexes derived from non‐symmetrical NacNac‐type ligands was unexpectedly obtained as the main reaction product from the former ligands and the dimeric species [Ir(COD)Cl2]. One equivalent of LH was reacted with an excess of [Ir(COD)Cl]2 in dichloromethane or toluene as solvent and at room temperature. The general formula of the product is [IrCl2(COD)L] and was isolated as a sole product instead of the expected Ir(I) compound [Ir(COD)L]; all the new Ir(III) were prepared in high yields as microcrystalline solids. They were all stable under laboratory atmosphere, lasting for weeks in solution and for months in solid state. The structure of each compound was examined by 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Complex 1k was selected for an X‐ray diffraction study. Finally, an evaluation was made of the catalytic activity of all complexes in the transfer hydrogenation reaction of ketones and imines.