bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation between Ground Motion and Building Response using California Earthquake Records
Authors: Perrault Matthieu , Guéguen Philippe
Published: June 2014

Using data from the California Strong Motion Instrumentation Program, we studied the relationship between building response and parameters describing the noxiousness of ground motion. According to vulnerability methods that use structural drift as damage criteria, we estimated the building response on the basis of the normalized relative roof displacement (NRRD), considered as damage criteria. The relationships between the NRRD and the intensity measures of the ground motion are developed using simulated annealing method. Grouping buildings by typology (defined according to their main construction material and height) reduces the variability of the building response. Furthermore, by combining IMs, the NRRD can be predicted more accurately by a building damage prediction equation. A functional form is thus proposed to estimate the NRRD for several building typologies, calibrated on the building responses recorded in California. This functional form can be used to obtain a fast and overall damage forecast after an earthquake.
Tooth eruption sequence and dental crowding: a case-control study
Authors: Moshkelgosha Vahid , Khosravifard Negar , Golkari Ali
Published: June 2014

When cases of dental crowding are identified and diagnosed promptly, interceptive orthodontics is particularly successful.

Aim: To assess the differences in the eruption sequence of the mandibular canine and first premolar teeth in children with and without dental crowding.

Materials and Methods: Children who attended the Shiraz Dental School's orthodontic clinic (Iran) from September to December 2012 were enrolled in this case-control study. Tooth size arch length discrepancy (TSALD) of all 8-10 year olds was calculated from patients’ dental models. Thirty-six children were randomly selected from those with TSALD of equal or less than 4mm (those with crowding). Each selected case was matched for sex and age with another child (as control) with TSALD>−4mm attending the same clinic, in the same time period. The existing panoramic radiographs were traced and the eruption percentages were measured for mandibular canine and first premolar teeth. The mean difference between canine and first premolar eruption percentages was compared between the case and control groups using the SPSS (version PASW 18) software and a paired sample t-test.

Results: Canine and first premolar eruption percentages in the case group were 65.82±13.00 and 78.92±10.15 percent, respectively. The mean eruption percentages for canines and first premolars of the control group were 74.12±14.55 and 75.47±11.60 percent, respectively. There was a significant difference in pre-eruptive positions of canine and first premolar teeth in those with moderate to severe crowding when compared to the control group (p<0.001).

Conclusion: These findings may improve the early diagnosis of children with high risk of developing moderate to severe crowding during mixed dentition.
A promising approach to scale up health care improvements in low-and middle-income countries: the Wave-Sequence Spread Approach and the concept of the Slice of a System
Authors: Massoud M. Rashad , Mensah-Abrampah Nana
Published: June 2014

There are several examples of successes in improving health care. However, many of these tend to remain limited to the sites they were originally developed in. There are fewer examples of successes that have spread to the remainder of the systems they were developed in. This article discusses the wave-sequence approach, which is a type of spread focusing on spreading in a systematic, sequential manner, using spread agents—people who participated in the original demonstration sites—to spread to other parts of the systems. The paper also discusses the associated concept of the “slice” of a system. In addition, we describe a phenomenon related to the rate of adoption that we are seeing in the wave-sequence approach.
Thiolation-enhanced substrate recognition by D-alanyl carrier protein ligase DltA from Bacillus cereus
Authors: Du Liqin , Luo Yu
Published: June 2014

D-alanylation of the lipoteichoic acid on Gram-positive cell wall is dependent on dlt gene-encoded proteins DltA, DltB, DltC and DltD. The D-alanyl carrier protein ligase DltA, as a remote homolog of acyl-(coenzyme A) (CoA) synthetase, cycles through two active conformations for the catalysis of adenylation and subsequent thiolation of D-alanine (D-Ala). The crystal structure of DltA in the absence of any substrate was observed to have a noticeably more disordered pocket for ATP which would explain why DltA has relatively low affinity for ATP in the absence of any D-alanyl carrier. We have previously enabled the thiolation of D-alanine in the presence of CoA as the mimic of D-alanyl carrier protein DltC which carries a 4’-phosphopantetheine group on a serine residue. Here we show that the resulting Michaelis constants in the presence of saturating CoA for both ATP and D-alanine were reduced more than 10 fold as compared to the values obtained in the absence of CoA. The presence of CoA also made DltA ~100-fold more selective on D-alanine over L-alanine. The CoA-enhanced substrate recognition further implies that the ATP and D-alanine substrates of the adenylation reaction are incorporated when the DltA enzyme cycles through its thiolation conformation.
Turnover: Liquidity or Uncertainty?
Authors: Barinov Alexander
Published: June 2014

I show that turnover is unrelated to several alternative measures of liquidity risk and in most cases negatively, not positively, related to liquidity. Consequently, neither liquidity nor liquidity risk explains why higher turnover predicts lower future returns. I find that the aggregate volatility risk factor explains why higher turnover predicts lower future returns. This paper shows that the negative relation between turnover and future returns is stronger for firms with option-like equity, and this regularity is also explained by the aggregate volatility risk factor.

This paper was accepted by Wei Jiang, finance.
Papase as a treatment option for the overgranulating wound
Authors: Mustafah N.M. , Chung T.Y.
Published: June 2014

Overgranulation (also commonly known as hypergranulation) is a common problem in chronic wound management. We describe a case involving a 57-year-old lady with a chronic diabetic foot ulcer, complicated with overgranulation for the past year. She was administered with various treatments, including hydrocortisone 1% cream and hydrofiber, which proved ineffective and further delayed the healing process of her ulcer. We then decided to use crushed Papase tablets applied to her ulcer after a normal saline dressing and prior to an application of secondary dressing. The patient was instructed clearly on the dressing technique to be performed daily at home and was monitored weekly in a foot care clinic. The overgranulation resolved within 5 weeks and the patient continues recieving care to promote epithelialisation.
Tubercular etiology in a pilonidal sinus of the forehead: Truth or myth?
Authors: Tanwar R. , Rathore K.V. , Jain S. , Gora N.K.
Published: June 2014

Pilonidal sinuses are a well-described surgical condition first recognised in the 19th century. They have most commonly been reported in the intergluteal cleft; involvement of other sites is limited to isolated case reports. Association of this condition with tuberculosis is rare and how the two conditions affect each other's causation is poorly understood. We report a rare case showing tubercular pathology in a chronic pilonidal sinus on the forehead of a young lady. A careful review of the lesion was required before labelling it as non-tubercular. The histopathological similarity between a foreign body reaction and tuberculosis in such lesions may confuse the clinician, and therefore differentiation is important to prevent morbidity associated with anti-tubercular therapy.
Late presentation of a deep sternal wound infection and left breast abscess
Authors: Mustafa A. , Carr C. , Alkhafagi S. , Mughal N. , Omer M. , Alkhulaifi A.
Published: June 2014

In this paper, we present a case review of a 58-year-old female who presented to our emergency department with pyrexia, dyspnoea, dehydration and pain in her left breast six months following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Although her sternotomy wound had healed well, examination revealed fluctuance of the whole precordium and left breast. She underwent antibiotic treatment and subsequent surgical debridement, followed by the application of vacuum-assisted dressings. Surgical reconstruction was deemed unsuitable and therefore the patient continued to be managed with vacuum dressings followed by routine dressings to allow the wound to heal by secondary intention. The patient was discharged three months after initial presentation in a good condition. The wound had completely healed four months later.
Drug focus on warfarin—an anticoagulant medication
Authors: Price Rob
Published: June 2014

Rob Price provides a brief update on how warfarin works, what it is used for, the side effects and any practical considerations that should be taken into account by health professionals in the care home
Providing safe and good quality care for people with dementia
Authors: Tingle John
Published: June 2014

John Tingle discusses a report from the Alzheimer's Society that presents new evidence about experiences of and views on people with dementia living in care homes
Look sharp! Managing the risk of injuries from medical instruments
Authors: Hutley Dan
Published: June 2014

Regulations published last year require health and social care providers to take effective action to control the risk from sharps injuries. Daniel Hutley explains what this means for care services and describes how you can effectively manage the risks
Perfecting plans for residents in 2014
Authors: Gilderdale Cheryl
Published: June 2014

‘Our goal is to make residents feel happy and safe; we think the changes made by the Care Quality Commission will help us achieve this.’
Interpreting the Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards legislation
Authors: Campbell Annette
Published: June 2014

The Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards are related to different Acts of Parliament, which can make it hard for providers to interpret. Annette Campbell identifies how care homes can ensure residents are looked after in a way that does not inappropriately restrict freedom
Introducing assistive technology
Authors: Jepson Jill , Hong Chia Swee , Watson Martin
Published: June 2014

‘Assistive technology is used to increase, maintain, and improve the functional capabilities and independence of people with cognitive or physical difficulties.‘
Inspections show that care homes are still lacking
Authors: Learner Sue
Published: June 2014

Sue Learner analyses the responses to the findings from the Care Quality Commission's report, The State of Health Care and Adult Social Care in England 2012/2013
Microchips, contact details and the veterinary nurse
Authors: Walsom Celia
Published: June 2014

Recent data obtained at this year's BSAVA congress have indicated that 55% of veterinary nurses believe that pet owners are unaware of the responsibility they have to keep their pet's microchip contact details up to date. Celia Walsom discusses the issues.
An evidence-based approach to infection control in the operating theatre
Authors: McMillan Samantha
Published: June 2014

The aim of operating theatre infection control is to minimise risk of surgical site infections (SSIs). The emergence of multi resistant micro-organisms and the increased awareness of appropriate antibiotic use have made the process of theatre infection control and its evidence base ever more relevant. Many theatre practices are widely accepted as ‘common sense’ measures and have become ‘ritualistic’ behaviours. However some practices have little, weak or inconclusive evidence to substantiate them. The multifactorial nature of SSIs means that no single measure is likely to completely eradicate risk and currently the exact nature of the raft of measures necessary requires further investigation. Hand disinfection of the operating team prior to surgery, wearing of sterile surgical gloves by ‘scrubbed’ personnel and disinfection of the surgical site have a strong evidence base and should be mandatory practices however the exact processes require a stronger evidence base. It is likely that the practice of wearing theatre ‘uniforms’ contributes to theatre discipline via behavioural attitudes rather than by specific SSI risk reduction. Future research in this area is also likely to further evaluate the growing evidence base in support of the use of triclosan-coated suture material to possibly reduce SSI.
Update on Echinococcus multilocularis with particular emphasis on its impact on humans
Authors: Fisher Maggie
Published: June 2014

The range of Echinococcus multilocularis has extended over the past 4 years, effectively removing the ‘buffer zone’ of land between the channel coast and the western-most edge of its endemic area. This means that pet owners taking their dogs and cats across the channel should consider treating their dogs or cats at monthly intervals with a suitable cestocide containing praziquantel or equivalent if there is any chance of the pet having access to rodents. The role of cats as significant producers of eggs is markedly less than that of foxes or dogs. However the role of the cat as a source of infection within the domestic environment is less well defined.

Infection of humans has a lag time of between 5 and 15 years before clinical signs are seen, thus it will be some time before the scale of zoonotic infections is known from the areas where the infection has now spread to. Diagnosis in humans relies on serology, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans to detect characteristic cystic lesions normally in the liver. Cure is most likely to be achieved if resection of the entire lesion is possible. Long-term benzimidazole treatment is normally administered to ensure control.

In addition to regular cestocidal treatment of dogs and cats, cleanliness measures including hand washing before eating and wearing gloves when gardening can help with preventing human infection.
Summer bunnies — keeping rabbits happy and healthy in hot weather
Authors: Wiltshire Hannah
Published: June 2014

With the warmer weather approaching rabbits are at risk from a number of problems. Hannah Wiltshire explains how rabbits can be helped to stay healthy through the summer months.
Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo: Causality and Implications for Resilience and Support
Authors: Aldersey Heather M. , Turnbull H. Rutherford , Turnbull Ann P.
Published: June 2014

This article reports results of a 7-month qualitative study on intellectual and related developmental disabilities in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, particularly as they relate to the causes and meaning of intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). This study raises important questions related to the understanding of resilience of persons affected by IDD and the nature and purpose of support they use or desire.
Call and response: Towards a digital dramaturgy
Authors: Bridger Barbara , Carpenter J. R.
Published: June 2014

In support of their belief that the truest test of a methodology is to apply it to a new set of questions/practices, Barbara Bridger and J.R. Carpenter embark on a conversation about Carpenter’s computer-­generated dialogue: TRAINS.MISSION [A.DIALOGUE]. As they attempt to find language appropriate to an extended notion of dramaturgy capable of both contributing to and critiquing a digital literary practice, their calls and responses to one another come to perform the form and content of the dialogue in question. The resulting discussion provides an example of putting performance writing methodology into practice.
Collaborative writing: Duel
Authors: Campbell Andy , Pullinger Kate
Published: June 2014

This article is a description of how the digital writers Andy Campbell and Kate Pullinger worked together to create a new piece of online fiction, Duel. Detailing their work processes, from conception through formatting a bespoke scripting process, and on to writing, creating digital assets, and technical experimentation, this article gives a clear and detailed picture of their collaboration.
Framing the Philpotts: Anti-welfarism and the British newspaper reporting of the Derby house fire verdict
Authors: Harper Stephen
Published: June 2014

This article analyses the newspaper reporting of the Mick Philpott manslaughter verdict of 2013. Philpott is an unemployed British man who in May 2012 set fire to his house, accidentally killing six children. This article argues that the Philpott verdict provided a valuable propaganda opportunity for British politicians and elements of the British media to link the crime to ‘welfare reform’ at a time when the coalition government had begun to target welfare benefits for cuts. In particular, it is argued that the demonization of Philpott as a member of the white British underclass converged with an intensification of conservative and anti-welfarist arguments about the United Kingdom’s benefits system, reviving and reinforcing the Victorian concept of the ‘undeserving poor’ and the related notion that benefits are a reward for good behaviour rather than a right. Examining articles from national newspapers published in the days following the announcement of a guilty verdict in the trial, this article analyses the discursive framing of the stories in order to discover what kind of ideological messages were at work in the reporting of the Philpott verdict and what sorts of differences existed between these messages. The article concludes with an attempt to set this analysis in a wider socio-political context, considering how the press’s perspectives on the story relate to the ideological (re)framing of public discussion about welfare ‘benefits’ and claimants in the United Kingdom today.
Introduction: Black holes in the sciences - trauma, culture, aesthetics
Authors: Gardner Paula M. , Reeve Charles
Published: June 2014

Drawing on philosophy, trauma theory and aesthetics, this issue of PUBLIC presents trauma in its complexity of experience across cultures and individuals. Trauma is a common, empathy-ready experience that we might engage as mirror to our pained or apathetic responses, and might harness to light personal political fires. Traumatic response is framed beyond mental illness or coping, as a symptom of a larger cognitively informed process, begging for query beyond social science models, where processed thought and perception are embodied processes residing in a world rife with complex aesthetic representations and simulations.
The everyday life of the Berlin Wall: College Station, Texas/Berlin, Germany
Authors: Fitzpatrick Blake , Ingelevics Vid
Published: June 2014

The project, 'Freedom Rocks' by Blake Fitzpatrick and Vid Ingelevics traces the Berlin Wall as a now mobile ruin to North America post-1989 as well as to storage and commemorative sites in Berlin itself. This portfolio of photographs is drawn from the project and depicts twin versions of the sculpture The Day the Wall Came Down (1997-1998) by Veryl Goodnight. The sculpture has been installed in College Station Texas and Berlin, Germany, two locations radically distinct in their lived histories of the Cold War. These distinctions are eclipsed by a triumphalist artwork that collapses geographical and historical context into the sameness of the victor's vantage point. While commenting upon Cold War history, the piece functions to tame or redirect the traumatic legacy of the Wall through a post-Cold War depiction that equates meaning with form while obscuring the site-specific context of place.
Dynamic Price Discrimination with Customer Recognition
Authors: Sun Ching-Jen
Published: June 2014

This paper studies a general two-period model of product line pricing with customer recognition. Specifically, we consider a monopolist who can sell vertically differentiated products over two periods to heterogeneous consumers. Each consumer demands one unit of the product in each period. In the second period, the monopolist can condition the price–quality offers on the observed purchasing behavior in the first period. In this setup, the monopolist can price discriminate consumers in two dimensions: by quality as well as by purchase history. We fully characterize the monopolist’s optimal pricing strategy when there are two types of consumers. When the type space is a continuum, we show that there is no fully separating equilibrium, and some properties of the optimal contracts (price–quality pairs) are characterized within the class of partitional perfect Bayesian equilibria.
Anerkennung, Subjektivität und Gesellschaftskritik
Authors: Stahl Titus
Published: June 2014

The Hegelian insight that subjectivity depends on recognition has been taken up by two competing traditions: Post-Hegelian theories (Honneth, Brandom) take recognition to be a precondition for a critical stance of subjects towards society. In contrast, theories of subjection (Althusser, Butler) take the dependency of subjects on subordinating relations of recognition as undermining their capacity for critique. I argue that this worry has not been taken seriously enough by the post-Hegelian tradition, especially by its model of immanent critique. However, theories of subjection ignore that the very structure of recognitive relations supports critical capacities that can never be fully effaced by ideology.
Brief aus Estland
Authors: Cohnitz Daniel , Sutrop Margit
Published: June 2014

This personal letter describes the history and current situation of philosophy in Estonia. We sketch the development of academic philosophy since the foundation of Tartu University in 1632, and describe the current philosophical landscape. We discuss the challenges we are facing in trying to find a balance between the responsibility that a discipline in the humanties in a small country has with respect to local culture and society on the one hand, and our ambitions to build up an internationally collaborating department with an international graduate programme on the other. We close with a description of the relation between academic philosophy and Estonian society and the role that the Center for Ethics in Tartu plays in supporting that relation.
The molecular properties and carbohydrate content of lignins precipitated from black liquor
Authors: Zhu Weizhen , Westman Gunnar , Theliander Hans
Published: June 2014

Precipitation and utilization of lignin from black liquor (BL) offers many promising advantages to modern kraft pulp mills. A novel process, known as “LignoBoost”, has recently been introduced as a process for separating lignin from BL; it results in lignins with a low ash and high dry solid content. There is a lack of knowledge regarding the influences of process parameters on the behavior of lignin in the precipitation step. In this study, the yield of precipitated lignin and its average molecular weight (MWt) and carbohydrate content were the focus. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis showed that the lignin yield increased at lower pH and temperatures or when the ion strength of BL was elevated. High yield lignins contained more low MWt components and such lignins have more phenolic OH and methoxy groups. Xylan content of the lignins decreased with decreasing pH and increasing temperature, but glucomannan content was virtually unaffected by the conditions of precipitation.
Realignment in the NHL, MLB, NFL, and NBA
Authors: Macdonald Brian , Pulleyblank William
Published: June 2014

Sports leagues consist of conferences subdivided into divisions. Teams play a number of games within their divisions and fewer games against teams in different divisions and conferences. Usually, a league structure remains stable from one season to the next. However, structures change when growth or contraction occurs, and realignment of the four major professional sports leagues in North America has occurred more than 25 times since 1967. In this paper, we describe a method for realigning sports leagues that is flexible, adaptive, and that enables construction of schedules that minimize travel while satisfying other criteria. We do not build schedules; we develop league structures which support the subsequent construction of efficient schedules. Our initial focus is the NHL, which had a need for realignment following the recent move of the Atlanta Thrashers to Winnipeg, but our methods can be adapted to virtually any situation. We examine a variety of scenarios for the NHL, and apply our methods to the NBA, MLB, and NFL. We find the biggest improvements for MLB and the NFL, where adopting the best solutions would reduce league travel by about 20%.
Experimental cross section for the 152Sm(n, γ)153Sm reaction at 0.0334 eV
Authors: Uddin Md. Shuza , Afroze Nazmin , Datta Tapash Kumar , Hossain Syed Mohammod , Zakaria A. K. M. , Islam Mohammad Amirul , Naher Kamrun , Shariff Md. Asad , Yunus Sk. Md. , Islam S. M. Ajharul
Published: June 2014

The neutron capture cross section for the
152Sm(n,  γ)153Sm reaction at an energy
of 0.0334 eV was measured for the first time using
monochromatic neutrons of a powder diffractometer at the TRIGA Mark II
nuclear reactor at Dhaka, Bangladesh. The
197Au(n,  γ)198Au reaction was used to
monitor the neutron beam intensity. The radioactivity of the products
was determined via high resolution γ-ray
spectrometry. The obtained cross section value is
184 ± 22 b, which is consistent with both the ENDF/B-VII
and TENDL-2012 data libraries. The measured value at
0.0334 eV and the previous data at 0.0536 eV
confirm the reliability of the data in the above libraries.
Ac, La, and Ce radioimpurities in 225Ac produced in 40–200 MeV proton irradiations of thorium
Authors: Engle Jonathan W. , Weidner John W. , Ballard Beau D. , Fassbender Michael E. , Hudston Lisa A. , Jackman Kevin R. , Dry Donald E. , Wolfsberg Laura E. , Bitteker Leo J. , Ullmann John L. , Gulley Mark S. , Pillai Chandra , Goff George , Birnbaum Eva R. , John Kevin D. , Mashnik Stepan G. , Nortier Francois M.
Published: June 2014

Accelerator production of 225Ac addresses the global supply deficiency currently inhibiting clinical trials from
establishing 225Ac's therapeutic utility, provided that the accelerator product is of sufficient radionuclidic
purity for patient use. Two proton activation experiments utilizing the stacked foil technique between 40 and
200 MeV were employed to study the likely co-formation of radionuclides expected to be especially challenging to
separate from 225Ac. Foils were assayed by nondestructive γ-spectroscopy and by α-spectroscopy of
chemically processed target material. Nuclear formation cross sections for the radionuclides 226Ac and
227Ac as well as lower lanthanide radioisotopes 139Ce, 141Ce, 143Ce, and
140La whose elemental ionic radii closely match that of actinium were measured and are reported. The predictions of
the latest MCNP6 event generators are compared with measured data, as they permit estimation of the formation rates of other
radionuclides whose decay emissions are not clearly discerned in the complex spectra collected from 232Th(p,x)
fission product mixtures.
Institutional Regulation of Public Provision
Authors: Güth Werner
Published: June 2014

After demonstrating that institutional design based on the rational choice approach is hardly ever applicable, we suggest a procedural alternative and demonstrate its applicability with a focus on the supply side of public authorities, i.e., on the “productive state.” Whereas the former approach, based on unrealistic common knowledge assumptions, is consequentialistic, procedural fairness relies on appealing requirements of non-arbitrariness and equal treatment. In our view, game theoretic mechanism design is useful to explore the consequentialistic – e.g., welfaristic – potential but is, except for specific situations, not implementable. Compared to this, procedural fairness is in line with actually used procedures and legal traditions. Although game theoretic mechanism design can be informative, its unrealistic assumptions justify the procedural approach, which can be rigorously defined by intuitive fairness requirements.
Litigation with Legal Aid versus Litigation with Contingent/Conditional Fees
Authors: Lambert Eve-Angéline , Chappe Nathalie
Published: June 2014

In the last few years, legal aid has been much debated, especially in the European Union. Our aim is to determine in a tort litigation model the impact of legal aid upon plaintiffs’ decision whether to sue, plaintiffs’ level of expenses at trial and the level of deterrence of potential injurers. We study the two most common types of legal aid: fixed and proportional. Whatever the system, we show that increasing legal aid induces more cases filed and more deterrence (fewer accidents). Then we compare these incentives with those given by the contingent/conditional fees systems. We show that the incentives to bring suit are higher in the contingent/conditional fees systems, but incentives to take care are higher with legal aid since legal expenses from the plaintiff are higher.
Biological pathway selection through Bayesian integrative modeling
Authors: Zheng Lingling , Yan Xiao , Suchindran Sunil , Dressman Holly , Chute John P. , Lucas Joseph
Published: June 2014

Pathway analysis has become a central approach to understanding the underlying biology of differentially expressed genes. As large amounts of microarray data have been accumulated in public repositories, flexible methodologies are needed to extend the analysis of simple case-control studies in order to place them in context with the vast quantities of available and highly heterogeneous data sets. To address this challenge, we have developed a two-level model, consisting of 1) a joint Bayesian factor model that integrates multiple microarray experiments and ties each factor to a predefined pathway and 2) a point mass mixture distribution that infers which factors are relevant/irrelevant to each dataset. Our method can identify pathways specific to a particular experimental trait which are concurrently induced/repressed under a variety of interventions. In this paper, we describe the model in depth and provide examples of its utility in simulations as well as real data from a study of radiation exposure. Our analysis of the radiation study leads to novel insights into the molecular basis of time- and dose- dependent response to ionizing radiation in mice peripheral blood. This broadly applicable model provides a starting point for generating specific and testable hypotheses in a pathway-centric manner.
Eine ramessidische Sonnenuhr im Tal der Könige
Authors: Bickel Susanne , Gautschy Rita
Published: June 2014

A vertical sundial, painted on a limestone ostracon, was found in an area of Ramesside workmen’s huts during investigations undertaken by the University of Basel Kings’ Valley Project between tombs KV 29 and KV 61. It turns out to be one of the oldest devices of this kind and one of only a few with a secure provenance. As with all devices of time measuring of this type, the accuracy is relative and depends on the period of the year. The precision of the sundial was, however, perfectly suit­ed to regulate the shifts of the workmen and their re­creation breaks.
Sinuhes Flucht
Authors: Bommas Martin
Published: June 2014

By using a new methodological approach which aims at identifying mythic and ritual structures in ancient Egyptian literary texts, this article aims at disclosing the cultural strategies applied in the relations between man and the sacred. In the story of Sinuhe, the sacred – generally marked by untouchability and unspeakabilty – is met with a spontaneous reaction leading to the precipitant flight of the protagonist. Different from previous scholarly research, this article does not propose a single reason for Sinuhe’s reaction but argues for a cultural pattern of behaviour instead.
Hieratische Gefäßaufschriften aus dem späten Alten Reich
Authors: Seyfried Karl-Joachim
Published: June 2014

A reviewed and enlarged compilation of Old Kingdom hieratic inscriptions written on offering (funerary) vessels – except the well known corpus of the Qubbet el-Hawa samples (approximately 2000 objects) – increases the number of this kind of inscriptions outside the Aswan region up to 95 objects: (a) Tell Edfu: 41; (b) Gebelen: 11; (c) Siut: 3; (d) Meir: 4; (e) Saqqara: 3; (f) Abusir: 1; (g) Giza: 1 and (h) Provenance unknown: 6. To these 70 items collected so far one may add now the 25 items believed to originate from the area of (i) Naqada/Qus in the 5th Upper Egyptian nome. The publication of these objects forms the core of the contribution. They are housed in the Ägyptisches Museum Berlin and had been bought by Ludwig Borchardt at the end of the 19th century in Luxor. Some of the inscriptions make use of a formula and expressions not to be faced with commonly. Several individuals mentioned in the “Berlin offering texts” can be identified to some certainty with family members quoted in H. G. Fischers “Inscriptions of the Coptite Nome”.
“Universal Mixing” and Interpenetrating Standing
Authors: Hustis Harriet
Published: June 2014

Harriet Hustis, “‘Universal Mixing’ and Interpenetrating Standing: Disability and Community in Melville’s Moby-Dick” (pp. 26-55)

This essay examines whether the representation of disability and community in Herman Melville’s Moby-Dick (1851) is limited to the narcissistic determinism of Ahab. It argues that although Ahab perceives his disability as unusual, when set against the backdrop of the novel and the realities of the whaling profession in the nineteenth century, it is not. The essay claims that Ishmael’s status as “Isolatoe” is redefined through his act of narrative remembrance and his function as storyteller. Ultimately, the essay concludes that Ishmael’s retrospective offers a unique gloss on the interruptive nature of disability and its moral and narrative implications.
“The Valley of the Shadow of Books”
Authors: Knox Marisa Palacios
Published: June 2014

Marisa Palacios Knox, “‘The Valley of the Shadow of Books’: George Gissing, New Women, and Morbid Literary Detachment” (pp. 92-122)

Victorian consternation about the physiological—especially reproductive—repercussions of women readers’ affective involvement with fiction is well documented. This essay contends, however, that at the fin de siècle a new cultural anxiety developed around the possibility of the woman who under-identifies, that is, refuses or is simply incapable of a stereotypically feminine standard of personal identification with literature. As the number of women entering vocational training as well as higher education increased exponentially in the late nineteenth century, the threat of women’s influx into the workplace expressed itself in a discourse of concern for the vitiation of women’s “natural” responsiveness to reading as a symptom of emotional as well as physical barrenness. George Gissing’s New Grub Street (1891) and The Odd Women (1893), in addition to the New Women novels of Charlotte Riddell and George Paston, engage with and complicate the idea of professional women’s literary detachment as a kind of morbid pathology, a trope that nevertheless continues to influence the reception of these works.
Pseudosynapsis and Decreased Stringency of Meiotic Repair Pathway Choice on the Hemizygous Sex Chromosome of Caenorhabditis elegans Males
Authors: Checchi Paula M , Lawrence Katherine S , Van Mike V , Larson Braden J , Engebrecht JoAnne
Published: June 2014

During meiosis, accurate chromosome segregation relies on homology to mediate chromosome pairing, synapsis, and crossover recombination. Crossovers are dependent upon formation and repair of double-strand breaks (DSBs) by homologous recombination (HR). In males of many species, sex chromosomes are largely hemizygous, yet DSBs are induced along nonhomologous regions. Here we analyzed the genetic requirements for meiotic DSB repair on the completely hemizygous X chromosome of Caenorhabditis elegans males. Our data reveal that the kinetics of DSB formation, chromosome pairing, and synapsis are tightly linked in the male germ line. Moreover, DSB induction on the X is concomitant with a brief period of pseudosynapsis that may allow X sister chromatids to masquerade as homologs. Consistent with this, neither meiotic kleisins nor the SMC-5/6 complex are essential for DSB repair on the X. Furthermore, early processing of X DSBs is dependent on the CtIP/Sae2 homolog COM-1, suggesting that as with paired chromosomes, HR is the preferred pathway. In contrast, the X chromosome is refractory to feedback mechanisms that ensure crossover formation on autosomes. Surprisingly, neither RAD-54 nor BRC-2 are essential for DSB repair on the X, suggesting that unlike autosomes, the X is competent for repair in the absence of HR. When both RAD-54 and the structure-specific nuclease XPF-1 are abrogated, X DSBs persist, suggesting that single-strand annealing is engaged in the absence of HR. Our findings indicate that alteration in sister chromatid interactions and flexibility in DSB repair pathway choice accommodate hemizygosity on sex chromosomes.
Estimating Tempo and Mode of Y Chromosome Turnover: Explaining Y Chromosome Loss With the Fragile Y Hypothesis
Authors: Blackmon Heath , Demuth Jeffery P
Published: June 2014

Chromosomal sex determination is phylogenetically widespread, having arisen independently in many lineages. Decades of theoretical work provide predictions about sex chromosome differentiation that are well supported by observations in both XY and ZW systems. However, the phylogenetic scope of previous work gives us a limited understanding of the pace of sex chromosome gain and loss and why Y or W chromosomes are more often lost in some lineages than others, creating XO or ZO systems. To gain phylogenetic breadth we therefore assembled a database of 4724 beetle species’ karyotypes and found substantial variation in sex chromosome systems. We used the data to estimate rates of Y chromosome gain and loss across a phylogeny of 1126 taxa estimated from seven genes. Contrary to our initial expectations, we find that highly degenerated Y chromosomes of many members of the suborder Polyphaga are rarely lost, and that cases of Y chromosome loss are strongly associated with chiasmatic segregation during male meiosis. We propose the “fragile Y” hypothesis, that recurrent selection to reduce recombination between the X and Y chromosome leads to the evolution of a small pseudoautosomal region (PAR), which, in taxa that require XY chiasmata for proper segregation during meiosis, increases the probability of aneuploid gamete production, with Y chromosome loss. This hypothesis predicts that taxa that evolve achiasmatic segregation during male meiosis will rarely lose the Y chromosome. We discuss data from mammals, which are consistent with our prediction.
Linking Patient-Centered Medical Home and Asthma Measures Reduces Hospital Readmission Rates
Authors: Bergert Lora , Patel Shilpa J. , Kimata Chieko , Zhang Guangxiang , Matthews Wallace J.
Published: June 2014

OBJECTIVE:

We sought to achieve 100% compliance with all 3 Children’s Asthma Care (CAC; CAC-1, CAC-2, CAC-3) measures and track attendance at follow-up appointments with the patient-centered medical home. The impact of these measures on readmission and emergency department utilization rates was evaluated.

METHODS:

This quality improvement study evaluated compliance with CAC measures in pediatric patients aged 2 to 18 years old hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of asthma from January 1, 2008, through June 30, 2012. A multidisciplinary Asthma Task Force was assembled to develop interventions. Attendance at the follow-up appointment was tracked monthly from January 1, 2009. Readmission and emergency department utilization rates were compared between the preimplementation period (January 1, 2006, through December 31, 2007) and the postimplementation period (January 1, 2008, through June 30, 2012).

RESULTS:

The preimplementation period included 231 subjects and the postimplementation period included 532 subjects. Compliance with CAC-3 was 95% from October 1, 2009, through June 30, 2012. Compliance with the postdischarge follow-up appointment was 69% from January 1, 2009 through September 30, 2009, increasing significantly to 90% from October 1, 2009, through June 30, 2012 (P < .001). Postimplementation readmission rates significantly decreased in the 91- to 180-day postdischarge interval (odds ratio: 0.29; 95% confidence interval: 0.11–0.78).

CONCLUSIONS:

In children hospitalized with asthma, compliance with the asthma core measures and the postdischarge follow-up appointment with the primary care provider was associated with reduced readmission rates at 91 to 180 days after discharge. We attribute our results to a comprehensive set of interventions designed by our multidisciplinary Asthma Task Force.
Recurrence Rates After Intussusception Enema Reduction: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Gray Matthew P. , Li Shun-Hwa , Hoffmann Raymond G. , Gorelick Marc H.
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Reported rates of recurrence after enema reduction for intussusception are variable. Concerns for recurrence influence postreduction management. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate overall, 24-hour, and 48-hour recurrence rates after enema reduction in children.

METHODS:

PubMed, Cochrane Database, and OVID Medline were searched from 1946 through December 2011 using the search terms: intussusception, recurrence, and enema. Sixty-nine studies of patients age 0 to 18 years with radiographically proven intussusception reduced by enema that report the number of enema reductions and the number of recurrences were included. Extraction was done by the primary author (M.P.G.) with 10% of included studies independently audited to ensure concordance.

RESULTS:

Overall recurrence rates were 12.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.1%–14.4%, I2 = 28.8%) for contrast enema (CE), 7.5% (95% CI: 5.7%–9.8%, I2 = 52.4%) for ultrasound-guided noncontrast enema (UGNCE), and 8.5% (95% CI: 6.9%–10.4%, I2 = 50.1%) for fluoroscopy-guided air enema (FGAE). Recurrence rates within 24 hours were 3.9% (95% CI: 2.2%–6.7%, I2 = 47.0%) for CE, 3.9% (95% CI: 1.5%–10.1%, I2 = 0.0%) for UGNCE, and 2.2% (95% CI: 0.7%–6.5%, I2 = 59.8%) for FGAE. Recurrence rates within 48 hours were 5.4% (95% CI 3.7%–7.8%, I2 = 32.3%) for CE, 6.6% (95% CI: 4.0%–10.7%, I2 = 0.0%) for UGNCE, and 2.7% (95% CI: 1.2%–6.5%, I2 = 73.8%) for FGAE. Most included studies are retrospective and vary in quality of reporting. Few studies reported detailed patient characteristics including timing of recurrences.

CONCLUSIONS:

The risk of early (within 48 hours) recurrence after enema reduction is low, suggesting outpatient management of well-appearing patients should be considered.
Cardiovascular Responses to Caffeine by Gender and Pubertal Stage
Authors: Temple Jennifer L. , Ziegler Amanda M. , Graczyk Adam , Bendlin Ashley , Sion Teresa , Vattana Karina
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUND:

Caffeine use is on the rise among children and adolescents. Previous studies from our laboratory reported gender differences in the effects of caffeine in adolescents. The purpose of this study was to test the hypotheses that gender differences in cardiovascular responses to caffeine emerge after puberty and that cardiovascular responses to caffeine differ across the phases of the menstrual cycle.

METHODS:

To test these hypotheses, we examined heart rate and blood pressure before and after administration of placebo and 2 doses of caffeine (1 and 2 mg/kg) in prepubertal (8- to 9-year-olds; n = 52) and postpubertal (15- to 17-year-olds; n = 49) boys (n = 54) and girls (n = 47) by using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-response design.

RESULTS:

There was an interaction between gender and caffeine dose, with boys having a greater response to caffeine than girls. In addition, we found interactions between pubertal phase, gender, and caffeine dose, with gender differences present in postpubertal, but not in prepubertal, participants. Finally, we found differences in responses to caffeine across the menstrual cycle in post-pubertal girls, with decreases in heart rate greater in the midluteal phase and blood pressure increases greater in the midfollicular phase of the menstrual cycle.

CONCLUSIONS:

These data suggest that gender differences in response to caffeine emerge after puberty. Future research will determine the extent to which these gender differences are mediated by physiological factors, such as steroid hormones, or psychosocial factors, such as more autonomy and control over beverage purchases.
The Medical Cost of Abusive Head Trauma in the United States
Authors: Peterson Cora , Xu Likang , Florence Curtis , Parks Sharyn E. , Miller Ted R. , Barr Ronald G. , Barr Marilyn , Steinbeigle Ryan
Published: June 2014

OBJECTIVES:

Health consequences of shaken baby syndrome, or pediatric abusive head trauma (AHT), can be severe and long-lasting. We aimed to estimate the multiyear medical cost attributable to AHT.

METHODS:

Using Truven Health MarketScan data, 2003–2011, we identified children 0 to 4 years old with commercial or Medicaid insurance and AHT diagnoses. We used exact case–control matching based on demographic and insurance characteristics such as age and health plan type to compare medical care between patients with and without AHT diagnoses. Using regression models, we assessed service use (ie, average annual number of inpatient visits per patient) and inpatient, outpatient (including emergency department), drug, and total medical costs attributable to an AHT diagnosis during the 4-year period after AHT diagnosis.

RESULTS:

We assessed 1209 patients with AHT and 5895 matched controls. Approximately 48% of patients with AHT received inpatient care within 2 days of initial diagnosis, and 25% were treated in emergency departments. AHT diagnosis was associated with significantly greater medical service use and higher inpatient, outpatient, drug, and total costs for multiple years after the diagnosis. The estimated total medical cost attributable to AHT in the 4 years after diagnosis was $47 952 (95% confidence interval [CI], $40 219–$55 685) per patient with AHT (2012 US dollars) and differed for commercially insured ($38 231 [95% CI, $29 898–$46 564]) and Medicaid ($56 691 [95% CI, $4290–$69 092]) patients.

CONCLUSIONS:

Children continue to have substantial excess medical costs for years after AHT. These estimates exclude related nonmedical costs such as special education and disability that also are attributable to AHT.
Current surgical options for reducing body weight
Authors: Vasas Péter , Pór Ferenc
Published: June 2014

Obesity is a leading preventable cause of death worldwide, with increasing prevalence in adults and children, and authorities view it as one of the most serious public health problems of the 21st century. Sixty-two percent of the Hungarian adult population has overweight and 27% is morbidly obese and, therefore, it is a significant interest to treat this condition. The authors review the diagnosis and the associated diseases of morbid obesity. The initial enthusiasm with the gastric band has settled now, as the long-term outcome showed only very limited reduction in the excess body weight and the complication rate was as high as 50%. The sleeve gastrectomy may induce 60–70% of excess weight loss, however, the long term follow-up data is very limited. The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is the gold-standard of the bariatric procedures, with proven 60–75% excess weight loss and 80% type 2 diabetes remission. The body image usually changes with weight loss, and frequently a body contouring procedure is required to improve it. Multi-disciplinary team of super-specialised doctors is required to perform these procedures. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(25), 971–977.