bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MK-2206, an AKT Inhibitor, Promotes Caspase-Independent Cell Death and Inhibits Leiomyoma Growth
Authors: Sefton Elizabeth C. , Qiang Wenan , Serna Vanida , Kurita Takeshi , Wei Jian-Jun , Chakravarti Debabrata , Kim J. Julie
Published: September 2013

Uterine leiomyomas (ULs), benign tumors of the myometrium, are the number one indication for hysterectomies in the United States due to a lack of an effective alternative therapy. ULs show activation of the pro-survival AKT pathway compared with normal myometrium; however, substantial data directly linking AKT to UL cell survival are lacking. We hypothesized that AKT promotes UL cell survival and that it is a viable target for inhibiting UL growth. We used the investigational AKT inhibitor MK-2206, currently in phase II trials, on cultured primary human UL and myometrial cells, immortalized leiomyoma cells, and in leiomyoma grafts grown under the kidney capsule in mice. MK-2206 inhibited AKT and PRAS40 phosphorylation but did not regulate serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase and ERK1/2, demonstrating its specificity for AKT. MK-2206 reduced UL cell viability and decreased UL tumor volumes. UL cells exhibited disruption of mitochondrial structures and underwent cell death that was independent of caspases. Additionally, mammalian target of rapamycin and p70S6K phosphorylation were reduced, indicating that mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling was compromised by AKT inhibition in UL cells. MK-2206 also induced autophagy in UL cells. Pretreatment of primary UL cells with 3-methyladenine enhanced MK-2206-mediated UL cell death, whereas knockdown of ATG5 and/or ATG7 did not significantly influence UL cell viability in the presence of MK-2206. Our data provide molecular evidence for the involvement of AKT in UL cell survival and suggest that AKT inhibition by MK-2206 may be a viable option to consider for the treatment of ULs.
Mechanisms of Androgen Receptor Activation in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Sharifi Nima
Published: September 2013

Systemic treatment of advanced prostate cancer is initiated with androgen deprivation therapy by gonadal testosterone depletion. Response durations are variable and tumors nearly always become resistant as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which is driven, at least in part, by a continued dependence on the androgen receptor (AR). The proposed mechanisms that underlie AR function in this clinical setting are quite varied. These include intratumoral synthesis of androgens from inactive precursors, increased AR expression, AR activation through tyrosine kinase-dependent signaling, alterations in steroid receptor coactivators, and expression of a truncated AR with constitutive activity. Various pharmacologic interventions have clinically validated some of these mechanisms, such as those that require the AR ligand-binding domain. Clinical studies have failed to validate other mechanisms, and additional mechanisms have yet to be tested in patients with CRPC. Here, we review the mechanisms that elicit AR activity in CRPC, with a particular focus on recent developments.
Properties of Natural Rubber Composite Incorporated with Industrial Waste/Carbon Black Hybrid Filler
Authors: Ahmed Khalil
Published: September 2013

Industrial waste as marble sludge (MS)/carbon black (CB) hybrid composites containing natural rubber (NR) have been prepared. Results revealed that the addition of CB to MS/CB hybrid NR composite can significantly improve the overall properties of particular hybrid composite. Torques, tensile, modulus, tear, hardness, and crosslink value increased, while the scorch/cure time, cure rate index, elongation at break, compression set, resilience, abrasion loss, swelling coefficient, and the average molecular weight of the polymer between crosslinks decreased with increasing CB in hybrid composites. The aging behavior of corresponding hybrid composite was also evaluated at two different aging temperatures.
Structure-controlled Synthesis and Magnetism of CoCu Nanowires
Authors: Liu Xiaoxu , Zhao Xingtao , Gao Zhongming , Zhu Yan , Wang Jixia , Dai Zhenqing , Wu Guangheng
Published: September 2013

CoCu nanowire arrays have been electrodeposited into alumina templates. We demonstrate that the crystal structure and related magnetic properties can be effectively controlled only by applying different deposition potentials. By gradually decreasing the applied voltage from −1.6 to −0.9 V, the main structure dramatically changes from the single-crystal hexagonal Co phase to the cubic alloy phase. The investigation of corresponding magnetic properties indicates that the orientation of easy axis varies from perpendicular to the nanowire axis to parallel to the nanowire axis.
Control of Structure of Au@TiO2 Core–Shell Hollow Microspheres with Multiple Nanocores and Porous Shells
Authors: Zhou Ningning , Wang Xiaohong , Hu Zhiyu
Published: September 2013

Au@TiO2 core–shell hollow microspheres with multiple nanocores and porous shells have been synthesized by a simple and effective hydrothermal method using TiF4 as TiO2 precursor. The size of microsphere can be controlled by changing synthetic conditions.
pH-Dependent Electrochemical Behaviors of Ruthenium Complex/Carbon Nanotube Composites on Platinum and Pencil-lead Electrodes
Authors: Ozawa Hiroaki , Kuroiwa Kazuki , Hasegawa Takumi , Haga Masa-aki
Published: September 2013

We report the proton-coupled electron-transfer reaction of ruthenium complex bearing bis(benzimidazolyl)pyridine and pyrene anchor on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). The complex was attached through a π–π interaction between pyrene and a SWNT. Cyclic voltammetric measurements were used to characterize the pH-dependent electrochemical properties of the complex/SWNTs composites. A proton-coupled electron-transfer reaction of the composites on a pencil-lead electrode, which can be used as a pH sensor, was also demonstrated.
Reliability and Sensitivity Analysis of Dendriform Structure
Authors: Hui-Jun Li , Zheng-Zhong Wang , Zhan-Chao LI
Published: September 2013

Reliability, sensitivity and correlation of dendriform structure are deeply investigated, respectively. Firstly, reliability of dendriform structures is carried out. Members in the dendriform structures are classified into four types according to their layouts. Wall thickness, external radius, Young's Modulus of members and vertical load are defined as random variables, respectively. Four kinds of performance functions, e.g., maximal nodal deflection, maximal stress, natural frequency and buckling eigenvalue, are taken into consideration. Secondly, sensitivity of above-mentioned four performance functions was presented to identify the effect of different kinds of random variables and different positions of members. Finally, correlations among performance functions are investigated. Numerical results can provide a reference for the design of dendriform structure.
Towards More Energy Efficient Domestic Appliances? Measuring the Perception of Households on Smart Appliances
Authors: Stragier Jeroen , Hauttekeete Laurence , De Marez Lieven , Claessens Sven
Published: September 2013

Efficient use of energy is high on the agenda. Research has already demonstrated that active feedback on energy use can be effective to encourage households to take energy saving measures. In this perspective, smart grids, smart meters and smart domestic appliances will be of main importance in the near future. There are many stakeholders in this matter, but one that is often neglected is the user, or in this case, the households. Therefore, this article employs a user centric perspective. A quantitative survey was held with 500 households in Flanders. The research aimed to make a segmentation based on the households' perception towards smart domestic appliances. Four segments with significantly different perceptions could be distinguished in the sample. These segments were labelled “Advocates”, “Supporters”, “Doubters” and “Refusers”. A further profiling revealed significant differences between the segments.
Fukushima's Non-Nuclear Power Plants: Their History, Damage by Disasters, and Prospects for the Future
Authors: Ofuji Kenta
Published: September 2013

The Great East Japan Earthquake that struck in March 2011 directly damaged Fukushima Prefecture. Due to the ensuing nuclear accident of Fukushima Daiichi plant, the Prefecture's power output decreased by 9GW. However, Fukushima Prefecture has more than just nuclear power. Prior to the earthquake, the prefecture was Japan's biggest power-supplying prefecture because of its abundant hydro and thermal power. After the nuclear power plant accident, aversion to nuclear power naturally intensified in Fukushima Prefecture. Despite this, in the future, the prefecture will continue to be a power-supplying prefecture primarily via thermal and hydro power. The author, living in Fukushima, argues that the revival and bolstering of thermal and hydro power will help to dispel concerns about Japan's power supply and may also facilitate local economic recovery.
Wicket-Keeping in Cricket: A Literature Review
Authors: MacDonald Danielle , Cronin John , Mills Jason , Stretch Richard
Published: September 2013

Cricket is unique in that three formats of the game, of varying duration and intensity are played at elite level; Test, One Day and Twenty20 (T20) cricket. The wicket-keeper is a vital member of the fielding side; the only player who could be involved with every delivery of the innings. Despite this, there is a paucity of literature on wicket-keeping, with most research having focused on fast bowling and batting. This review is principally concerned with identifying the performance demands associated with wicket-keeping and the conditioning of these cricketers. To appreciate the performance demands of wicket-keeping, an integrated approach has been taken where the mental, technical, physiological, physical and tactical requirements of wicket-keeping are discussed. From this information, recommendations are made and suggestions for future research detailed.
Changes in Leg Strength and Kinematics with Uphill — Downhill Sprint Training
Authors: Paradisis Giorgos P. , Bissas Athanassios , Cooke Carlton B.
Published: September 2013

This study examined the effects of an 8-week uphill-downhill sprint training programme on the force generation capacity of leg muscles. Twenty-four university students were randomly allocated to one of two training groups (combined uphill–downhill and horizontal) and a control group. The combined training method produced significant improvements in maximal isometric force (7.1%) and rate of force production (≈ 25%) of the knee flexor muscles (p<0.05). The combined training was also significantly more effective in improving the maximum sprinting speed (5.9%, p<0.05) and associated kinematic variables. In particular, the propulsive phase of contact decreased significantly by 17% (p<0.05) indicating a link between the improved rate of force production during the isometric test and the rate of production of propulsive forces during sprinting. The increased capacity of the leg flexor muscles to generate force appears to contribute to the improvement of sprinting speed perhaps due to a more efficient muscle function during the support phase of the stride.
Optimal Design of Social Comparison Effects: Setting Reference Groups and Reference Points
Authors: Roels Guillaume , Su Xuanming
Published: September 2013

In this paper, we study how social planners should exploit social comparisons to pursue their objectives. We consider two modes of social comparison, referred to as behind-averse and ahead-seeking behaviors, depending on whether individuals experience a utility loss from underperforming or a utility gain from overperforming relative to their peers. Modeling social comparison as a game between players, we find that ahead-seeking behavior leads to output polarization, whereas behind-averse behavior leads to output clustering. A social planner can mitigate these effects in two ways: (i) by providing the full reference distribution of outputs instead of an aggregate reference point based on the average output and (ii) by assigning players into uniform rather than diverse reference groups. Social planners may thus need to tailor the reference structure to the predominant mode of social comparison and their objective. A performance-focused social planner may set the reference structure so as to maximize the output of either the top or the bottom player depending on whether she puts greater marginal weight to larger or smaller outputs. When the social planner also cares about utility, she faces a dilemma because performance optimization may not be aligned with utility maximization. Inevitably, the social planner will have to confront equity issues because better performance may not reflect greater effort or greater ability.

This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
Sustainable analytical chemistry—more than just being green
Authors: Turner Charlotta
Published: September 2013

This review article describes analytical chemistry beyond green chemistry and all efforts that contribute to a more sustainable development. A background is given on sustainable development and green chemistry. Examples of “greening” strategies for sample preparation, chromatography, and detection are given. Thereafter, the review discusses how and why a method or a solvent could be claimed as being “green”. Green metrics for analytical chemistry is discussed, including the environment, health, and safety (EHS) index and life cycle assessment (LCA). The choice of solvent and the criteria for a solvent being “green” is also discussed. Finally, sustainable analytical chemistry is described by considering the three important “legs” so as to obtain sustainable development—economic feasibility, societal relevance, and environmental soundness. Hopefully, the review article will stimulate some new perspectives on the difference between greenness and sustainability in analytical chemistry.
Mentula in Catullus 114 and 115
Authors: Barbara Pavlock
Published: September 2013

Catullus 114 and 115 slyly subvert surface praise of Mamurra’s Firmian estate and suggest numerous criticisms of the owner. I show how puns, etymological plays, semantic multivalence, figures of speech, and metrical effects imply trenchant sarcasm. The word modo , linking the profligacy of the man with the questionable merits of his estate, prepares for the transformation of Mentula to the common noun mentula in an ironic twist on the function of the phallus in priapic poetry. These epigrams look back to poems 43 and 44: Mentula’s aggressiveness toward Catullus is now repaid, with this adversary silenced forever in the text.
Canidia Channels Medea: Rereading Horace’s Epode 5
Authors: Prince Meredith
Published: September 2013

This article examines the implications Medea has for the witch Canidia in Horace’s Epode 5. Although Medea employed magic to kill Jason’s new bride Creusa, she never used erotic magic and instead murdered her children to enact her revenge. Via references to Medea’s nonerotic magic (Creusa’s gifts, 5.61–66) and parallels between Medea and Canidia (abandoned by their lovers, they resort to child-murder), Horace reveals that Canidia is an ineffectual practitioner of erotic magic, explaining why her lover has not returned, and an anti-mother figure, suggesting that she will kill the boy she has kidnapped for a new love potion.
Re-presenting Piso: Poetic and Political Agenda in the Laus Pisonis
Authors: Mader Gottfried
Published: September 2013

The anonymous author of Laus Pisonis seeks simultaneously to promote Piso’s political image by investing him with impressive virtutes (to which he had no claim) and to secure the great man’s patronage. In this give-and-take transaction, he argues, both parties emerge as winners: Piso by securing a promising praeco virtutis at a crucial moment in his political career (around A.D. 65), the poet from the “job security” as Piso’s client. Downplaying materialistic concerns, the author evokes the Muses to link panegyric and poetic agenda, with multiple (Horatian) allusions to flatter Piso’s literary culture and demonstrate their shared values.
Divine Intervention: Invocations of Deities in Personal Correspondence from Graeco-Roman Egypt
Authors: Matsumoto Mallory
Published: September 2013

Researchers have already acknowledged the tendency among Graeco-Roman Egyptians to appeal in their personal correspondence to the gods of the locality from which they were writing, rather than to those of their hometown. Many studies that address this phenomenon have focused on Hellenistic and Roman influence on the indigenous religious tradition and seek a better understanding of the patterns of religious behavior that characterized the civilization of Graeco-Roman Egypt as a whole. Relatively little research, however, has addressed the significance of these expressions of religiosity in illuminating religious self-identification of the authors. Based on the appeals made to specific gods in 113 private letters composed on papyri and ostraca between the third century B.C. and the mid-fourth century A.D. , I suggest that personal loyalty to a particular deity was not an essential part of an individual’s self-identification, but rather a fluid condition that changed with location and circumstance. Thus, rather than indicating a personal relationship with a certain deity, these invocations often instead allude to the author’s affiliation with the broader religious tradition of which that god was a member, an association that did in fact contribute to the writer’s process of self-identification.
Pliny Epistle 9.36 and Demosthenes’ Cave
Authors: Johnson William A.
Published: September 2013

This note identifies an unnoticed allusion in Pliny Epistle 9.36 to the story of Demosthenes’ cave, and explicates how that allusion responds in specific terms to the passage in Quintilian (Pliny’s teacher) in which the story of the cave is told; the upshot is a reading of Pliny’s letter as an allusive and dialogic text of considerable sophistication.
Ambiguity and Mythic Imagery in Homer: Rhesus’ Lethal Nightmare
Authors: Sels Nadia
Published: September 2013

This paper reopens the discussion on the peculiar lines describing the death of King Rhesus in the Iliad (10.494–497): the text seems to suggest that at the very moment that Rhesus is being slain by Diomedes, he is having a nightmare about his killer. The exact relation between dream and reality remains unclear, however, and because of this ambiguity the lines have usually been regarded as problematic or flawed. This paper aims to challenge this view. By analyzing the use of the traditional mythic imagery involved (in particular the stock phrase στῆ δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ ὑπὲρ κεφαλῆς) and by comparing the passage to other related (dream) scenes, it will be illustrated how this vagueness is in itself poetically effective and in line with Homeric style and thinking. The example of Rhesus thus provokes the question whether philology should always strive for disambiguation when dealing with obscure passages. It will be argued that certain ambiguities that we are inclined to approach as textual problems are in fact stylistically functional and inherent to the workings of the text.
Teaching Rape Texts in Classical Literature
Authors: Hong Yurie
Published: September 2013

The three papers published here were originally presented in the context of a workshop at the 2010 APA meeting in Anaheim, California entitled “New Ventures in Classics Pedagogy: The Challenge of Teaching about Rape.” The workshop, organized by Kathy L. Gaca and Lillian Doherty, was designed to follow up on a roundtable discussion about “Teaching Rape in Classical Literature” at the previous year’s APA meeting, which drew an unusually large number of participants. The papers published below were collected and edited by Lillian Doherty (University of Maryland, College Park). They offer an overview of the pedagogical and ethical issues classicists face in teaching about rape, they suggest a variety of classroom strategies, and they describe several very specific case studies.
Six Polybian Themes Concerning Alexander the Great
Authors: Overtoom Nikolaus
Published: September 2013

This study discusses the image of Alexander the Great created by Polybius and reinvestigates the Polybian themes concerning the Macedonian. Richard Billows suggested that there are five Polybian themes found in his analysis of Alexander. Yet our current assumptions about the scope of Polybius’ portrayal and his own conclusions require reconsideration. In fact, Polybius’ favorable comparison of Rome’s accomplishments to those of Alexander emerges as a possible sixth theme. This article examines these six Polybian themes, while demonstrating that Polybius does not disassociate his text completely from an apologetic tone and offers a generally positive opinion of Alexander the Great.
Paul Poiret’s Magical Techno-Oriental Fashions (1911): Race, Clothing, and Virtuality in the Machine Age
Authors: Pham Minh-Ha T.
Published: September 2013

This essay draws on Paul Poiret’s Orientalist fashions and fancy-dress party as a case study for exploring the relations of race, aesthetics, and technology particularly as they cohere around techno-Orientalism. It situates Poiret’s fashions within the history of techno-Orientalism to demonstrate clothing’s significance as a virtual technology, as well as a technology of racial virtuality. Focusing on this early instance of techno-Orientalism in French fashion, we see that virtuality does not simply name an externally produced sensorial effect . It is an ideological discourse or cultural system that mediates social relations and related social anxieties. Poiret’s wearable virtual technologies provide a useful lens through which to examine the dialectical relations of race and virtuality in which virtual bodies are constituted through racial logics, and racial discourses function virtually.
The Automatization of Nikola Tesla: Thinking Invention in the Late Nineteenth Century
Authors: Thibault Ghislain
Published: September 2013

By investigating the conflicted relationship between Nikola Tesla (1856–1943) and the electrical engineering community, this essay explores competing representations of “invention” in the fin-de-siècle period. Drawing on the observation that the dominant paradigm of invention was entangled in various inscription practices, I turn to the case of Tesla to examine how inventions that circulated only as discourses were represented and legitimated in the scientific community, popular press, and literature. The essay argues that the rise of transmission media, such as wireless telegraphy, that challenged established conceptions about physical reality informed, in turn, Tesla’s singular model of invention.
The Dialogue of Early Modern Mathematical Subjectivity
Authors: Williams Travis D.
Published: September 2013

Mid-sixteenth-century dialogues by Robert Recorde teach basic mathematics and allow a reader partially to construct and inhabit a mathematical identity—a subject position—appropriate to advanced work in mathematics through reorganization of the reader’s mind directed by an engagement with, absorption of, and finally independence from the instructing dialogues. This essay explains the mechanism used by the dialogues to accomplish this, and shows that Recorde’s deployments of eloquence, the ethos of the active life, and pedagogical conveniences conflict with mathematical rigor, almost resulting in the collapse of the project. The conclusion considers ways in which the mathematical reader may still benefit from Recorde’s efforts despite the indecorous intrusion of his personal difficulties into the dialogues.
Why MIT Institutionalized the Avant-Garde: Negotiating Aesthetic Virtue in the Postwar Defense Institute
Authors: Wisnioski Matthew
Published: September 2013

This essay explores MIT’s Center for Advanced Visual Studies to address two major absences in understandings of art/science/technology collaboration: 1) what drew scientists and engineers—not just elite policymakers and polymaths, but thousands in the rank and file—to the arts in the first place; and (2) what compelled the institutions of postwar technoscience to provide financial and material support for such endeavors? The essay employs the notion of “aesthetic virtue” to explain the linkage of the contradictory ideals of creativity and to demonstrate the vital role of institutionalization in an increasingly professionalized and academic domain of contemporary art.
Лоскутное одеяло истории, или историческое сообщество в эпоху политизации его академического поля
Authors: Курилла Иван
Published: September 2013

The article is focused on the growing politicization of historical knowledge in Russia in the context of a larger problem of the fragmented modern historical consciousness. In the Russian context, the state plays the leading role in the conflict between multiple possible subjects of historical interpretation. In his analysis of this conflict and the Russian society's historical consciousness, the author considers three types of dealing with the past: "history of politicians", popular memory, and professional history. The article advances its own vision of an integrating historical narrative for Russia and discusses the role historians are to play in the current popular politicized debates about history. The latter are expected to act as a professional and dynamic community of experts that can negotiate between the "history of politicians" and memory groups without serving any of them. The author believes that such a professional community already exists in today's Russia.
Science and the Sacred in Buddhist Buryatia: The Politics of Chita's Museum-Temple, 1899-1914
Authors: Fein Julia
Published: September 2013

In 1899, a museum shaped like a Buryat Buddhist temple was built in Chita to house the Geographic Society's Buddhist collections. Arsonists destroyed the museum-temple in 1914, a crime explained as a righteous reaction to the Buryats' unlawful use of the museum-temple for prayer. Diverse elites - progressive press, political exiles, Buddhist lamas, and imperial administrators - were invested in the museum for modernizing expertise about Buryat life. Yet perceptions of it differed: temple of science or prayer; cultural treasure or threat. Analyzing the ambiguity of secular and sacred in light of the political stakes of this distinction textures our understanding of imperial orders. В 1899 г. в Чите открылся музей, воспроизводящий бурятский буддийский храм (дацан). Он предназначался для экспонирования буддийских коллекций Российского географического общества. Поджог уничтожил этот музей-храм в 1914 г., и оправданием ему служило то, что буряты незаконно использовали музей для молитв. За время существования музея разные группы элит связывали с ним планы по модернизации знания о жизни бурят. В дискуссиях вокруг музея участвовали прогрессивная пресса, политические ссыльные, буддийские ламы, имперские администраторы. Предложенные ими интерпретации музея разнились в диапазоне от храма науки до храма для молитв, от культурного достояния до культурной угрозы. В статье эта амбивалентная динамика светского и сакрального рассматривается в свете политических интересов всех задействованных групп, что позволяет глубже понять российский имперский порядок.
Cultures of Statehood, Cultures of Revolution: Caucasian Revolutionaries in the Iranian Constitutional Movement, 1906-1911
Authors: Deutschmann Moritz
Published: September 2013

The article focuses on the contribution of different groups of Caucasian activists to the unfolding of the Constitutional Revolution (1906-11) in Iran. While previous accounts concentrate on the solidarity between Caucasian and Iranian activists, this article develops a more complex picture, focusing specifically on how Caucasian activists used political violence and how they viewed centralized state rule. The analysis shows that the Caucasian activists were influenced by a political culture of anticolonial resistance in Transcaucasia that was significantly different from the political world of Qajar Iran, thus indicating the wider political influence of Russian state rule in Transcaucasia. В статье исследуется вклад разных групп политических активистов, действовавших на территории российского Кавказа, в подготовку и ход конституционной революции в Иране. Если обычно исследователи указывают на солидарность кавказских и иранских революционеров, то настоящая статья предлагает более сложную картину. В центре ее рассмотрения то, как кавказские политические деятели использовали политическое насилие и как понимали централизованную государственную власть. Автор демонстрирует, что кавказские деятели находились под влиянием политической культуры антиколониального сопротивления в Закавказье, которая существенно отличалась от политического мира каджарского Ирана. Автор усматривает здесь свидетельство глубокого политического воздействия российской государственной власти в Закавказье.
Not Some British Colony in Africa: The Politics of Decolonization and Modernization in Soviet Central Asia, 1955-1964
Authors: Kalinovsky Artemy M.
Published: September 2013

This article examines the way that de-Stalinization and Soviet engagement in the Third World provided Central Asian elites with an opportunity to redefine the terms of their republics' cultural and economic participation in the Soviet Union. Drawing on archival materials, memoirs, and interviews, the article traces the careers of a number of key figures and examines their efforts to negotiate cultural and economic modernization by positioning themselves as Khrushchev's allies in de-Stalinization and the struggle for the Third World. The wave of decolonization occurring beyond the USSR's borders provided the impetus to complete the "decolonization" of the Central Asian republics within a Soviet framework. В статье рассматривается, как десталинизация и активизация советской политики в Третьем мире предоставили среднеазиатским элитам возможности для переопределения культурной и экономической роли среднеазиатских республик в Советском Союзе. Основываясь на архивных материалах, мемуарах и интервью, автор прослеживает карьеры ключевых представителей республиканских элит и анализирует их усилия для культурной и экономической модернизации региона. Самопозиционирование как союзников Хрущева по десталинизации и борьбе за влияние в третьем мире способствовало успеху этой политики. Автор заключает, что волна деколонизации, поднявшаяся за пределами СССР, способствовала завершению "деколонизации" советских среднеазиатских республик.
"Upbringing à la Dr. Spock:" Child-Care Manuals and Constructing Normative Motherhood in the Soviet Union, 1954-1970
Authors: Chernyaeva Natalia
Published: September 2013

The article explores the role played by the advice literature on child care in the constructing of normative motherhood during the period following the demise of the Stalin regime, from 1954 to 1970. Several changes in the terms of the societal gender contract under Khrushchev, such as the legalization of abortion on demand, the concomitant drop in birthrates, the housing reform and the modernization of the household sphere, led to the emergence and increased popularity of the child-centered model of family life. The child-care manuals of the time, the most popular of which was Dr. Spock's Baby and Child Care , introduced the model of "intensive mothering," which required virtually unlimited investments of labor, time, and emotional resources from mothers.
В статье рассматривается роль справочной литературы по уходу за детьми в конструировании нормативного материнства в послесталинский период, с 1954 по 1970 гг. В годы правления Н. Хрущева социальный гендерный контракт претерпел существенные изменения: были легализованы аборты, с чем было отчасти связано падение уровня рождаемости; строительство "хрущевок" сопровождалось модернизацией сферы домашнего хозяйства. Все это привело к росту популярности детоцентричной модели семейной жизни. Среди справочной литературы по уходу за детьми того времени наибольшей популярностью пользовалась книга "Ребенок и уход за ним" доктора Спока. В статье показано, как Спок и советские авторы, каждый в своем контексте, продвигали модель "интенсивного материнства", которая требовала от матерей практически неограниченных инвестиций труда, времени и эмоциональных ресурсов.
Колониальная ситуация: теоретический подход
Authors: Баландье Жорж
Published: September 2013

This is a Russian translation of the article by Georges Balandier, "La situation coloniale: approche théorique", originall published in Paris in les Cahiers internationaux de sociologie in 1951. In this article Balandier critically examined all of the research literature on colonies and colonialism available at the time and scrutinized the approaches of different disciplines and the implications of different ideological agendas. He showed that all the useful aspects of these studies make sense only if considered from within the complex and interactive, as well as historically specific model of the "colonial situation." He defined it by a number of key elements that include the dominance of a racially and culturally different foreign minority over the local majority; the antagonistic nature of the relationships between the two civilizations and the instrumental role assigned by the dominant society to the colonized one; the usage of direct and indirect power; and so on. However the mechanical summation of these elements does not produce a "colonial situation." It consists of different groups that compose the "global" colonial society and of collective representations that characterize each of these groups. The heterogeneity of the groups and the dynamic nature of their representations produce all facets of the "colonial situation," which should, according to Balandier, provide the necessary context for any research in colonial or postcolonial history or sociology.
Nation and Liberation: Remembering the National Movement for Independence (1987-1991) in Post-Soviet Lithuania
Authors: Klumbytė Neringa
Published: September 2013

In the early 1990s, many people in Lithuania supported independence from the Soviet Union. However, in 2003-4 during the author's ethnographic research in several village and urban communities, villagers and urban residents questioned liberation and debated ideals of nation and freedom. This article discusses people's memories of liberation and their perspectives on freedom and nationhood. It illustrates how the Soviet and post-Soviet alterity regimes have shaped citizenship enacted in discussions of liberation. It argues that the questioning of liberation is not a rejection of liberation and its ideals of freedom and the nation-state. Rather, it is a negotiation about social and political transformations, national solidarity, and inclusive citizenship. В начале 1990-х гг. многие жители Литвы поддерживали идею независимости от Советского Союза. Однако, как выяснила Неринга Клумбите в ходе этнографического исследования, проведенного ею в нескольких деревнях и городах Литвы в 2003-2004 гг., отношение жителей к освобождению и идеалам нации и свободы изменилось. В настоящей статье Клумбите анализирует воспоминания респондентов о периоде освободительной борьбы и их понимание свободы и национальности. Она показывает, как советский режим и постсоветская трансформация формировали понимание гражданства в контексте темы освобождения. Автор считает, что сомнения в реальности достигнутого "освобождения" не значит отказ от этого идеала и связанных с ним трактовок свободы и национального государства. В статье эти сомнения и критика рассматриваются как процесс переговоров о путях социальной и политической трансформации, национальной солидарности и инклюзивного гражданства.
Postcolonial Studies: A Political Invention of Tradition?
Authors: Bayart Jean-­François­
Published: September 2013

It is misguided to imagine that French researchers and French universities are unaware of postcolonial studies. In reality, forms close to this school of thought emerged very early in the French university context, but they were obliged to take other academic traditions into account. The contribution of postcolonial studies to an understanding of the historicity of societies that were colonized by their metropoles, and of the colonial legacies left behind, thus appears limited from the point of view of a historical sociology of politics inspired by Marx and Weber. Неверно считать, что французские исследователи и французские университеты не в курсе постколониальных исследований. На самом деле во французском университетском контексте формы мысли, близкие постколониальной критике, возникли очень рано, но они были ориентированы на другие академические традиции. Настоящая статья ставит своей задачей выявить эти формы мысли и показать, что с точки зрения исторической социологии политики, восходящей к Марксу и Веберу, вклад постколониальных исследований в понимание колонизированных обществ и колониального наследия достаточно скромен.
From Peace to Freedom: How Classical Music Became Political in the Soviet Union, 1964−1982
Authors: Belge Boris
Published: September 2013

The article analyzes the term "freedom" as an important concept in the history of Cold War music. This contested notion existed along two major axes of the prewar era: socialism versus liberalism and social freedom versus autonomy. These neat divisions between East and West began to unravel after 1953 when the different sides started to interact and reference each other. In presenting a case study of the "Moscow Troika" (a group of composers consisting of Alfred Schnittke, Edison Denisov, and Sofia Gubaidulina), this essay highlights the importance of communication and contact among individuals and groups in establishing notions of "freedom." Концепция "свободы" в настоящей статье рассматривается в контексте процессов в советской музыкальной среде времен холодной войны. Понятие "свободы" в политическом пространстве наделялось смыслом в рамках двух важнейших дихотомий: социализм и либерализм, социальная свобода и личная автономия. Географически эти полюса распределялись между "Востоком" и "Западом". Но с 1953 г., когда между противостоящими сторонами началось сотрудничество и вырос взаимный интерес, бинарное восприятие "свободы" усложнилось. Обращаясь к феномену "московской тройки" (группа композиторов вокруг Альфреда Шнитке, Эдисона Денисова и Софии Губайдуллиной), автор настоящей статьи вскрывает важность общения и контактов между индивидуумами и группами в определении понимания "свободы".
Expert Records: Nautical Logbooks from Columbus to Cook
Authors: Schotte Margaret
Published: September 2013

Situating the early modern nautical logbook and its northern European users within the histories of information, scientific observation, and expertise, this survey highlights the interdependence of utility and credibility on the high seas and the pitfalls of interdisciplinarity. Although navigators developed the logbook with practical concerns in mind, toward the close of the seventeenth century, administrators in England, France, and the Netherlands co-opted it for more idealized ends. Their thirst for detail sparked resistance from practitioners, some of whom began to subvert the very shipboard routines that had once authenticated the daily reports. Despite the logbook's eventual ubiquity, I argue that it ultimately failed as an epistemic tool and thus serves as a suggestive counterexample to the prevailing progressive histories of observation.
The Widow's Mite: Hannah Mather Crocker and the Mather Libraries
Authors: Henle Alea
Published: September 2013

On his death in 1785, Rev. Samuel Mather left behind books and manuscripts collected over more than 150 years by four generations of Mather ministers. He bequeathed them to the next of his descendants to enter the ministry, but his daughter, Hannah Mather Crocker, ended up in control. She used her father's library to barter access to learned circles and resources, negotiating with historians, scholars, Bowdoin College, and the American Antiquarian Society. Her access to the library, and her ability to dispose of it, fueled her publications advocating for women's rights and female education, showcasing the close relationship between her resources, access, and advocacy.
Scientific Communication Before and After Networked Science
Authors: Carey John
Published: September 2013

The appearance of the Philosophical Transactions in 1665 marked the emergence of scientific journals as the dominant mode for dissemination of research and discoveries. The journal system served numerous fundamental needs within the scientific community and encouraged a climate of increased sharing of knowledge. As the rhetoric of scientific discourse evolved over time, a highly stable format emerged to govern the research article as a genre. In the contemporary era of networked science, however, informal scientific communication is also growing in importance as researchers turn to online collaborative tools for even more rapid sharing of results and work in progress.
Moving Image Preservation Work The Evolution and Integration of Moving Image Preservation Work into Cultural Heritage Institutions
Authors: Gracy Karen F.
Published: September 2013

This article explores the historical roots and evolving nature of moving image preservation practice in library and archival environments from the 1910s through the 1990s. Accounts of this period often focus on the development of moving image archives as separate institutions and spend minimal effort contemplating the growing awareness and development of preservation principles for motion picture collections in the larger library and archival communities. In actuality, information and records professionals often sought practical information about the care and handling of motion pictures in their collections and frequently drew upon the expertise of the motion picture industry and scientific community for guidance and best practices.
Acknowledgment, Adaptation and Shakespeare in Ron Rash’s Serena
Authors: Morrow Christopher L.
Published: September 2013

This essay examines the connections between Ron Rash’s novel, Serena , and William Shakespeare’s Macbeth . Rather than providing a comparative reading of these two works, this essay explores the relationship from a variety of perspectives, including the author, the publishers, critics and reviews as well as the narrative itself. It examines how the relationship between Serena and Macbeth is defined differently by these different groups, who defines the relationship and how well adaptation theory accounts or fails to account for these varied definitions. Adaptation theorists agree that in order to function as adaptations, the relationship between two works must be acknowledged. And, the author exists explicitly a source for this acknowledgement and implicitly as the primary authority for it. By examining the complicated and ambiguous links between Serena and Macbeth , this essay argues that we need to reconsider and problematize the role of authorial intentionality in how we define and construct adaptations and that Serena’s function as an adaptation lies outside of the author’s explicit acknowledgment and in the subjective realm of reception. Privileging authorial intentionality in adaptation limits our understanding of how adaptations work by overlooking the role of alternate sources of acknowledgment. We need to be able to escape explicit authorial acknowledgment without reverting to mere intertextuality and to focus more on how publishers, reviewers, readers, and the marketplace can acknowledge and construct adaptive relationships between texts.
Dialectics of Desire, Victimhood and Postcolonial Migrancy in Tahar Ben Jelloun’s Leaving Tangier
Authors: Alami Ahmed Idrissi
Published: September 2013

This article explores the complex economy of desire that structures the immigrant’s spatial imaginings of Spain and how it is played out in the interaction between Moroccan and Spanish cultures in Tahar Ben Jelloun’s postcolonial novel Partir (2006), translated into English as Leaving Tangier (2009). This novel frames immigration within a discourse of transnational migrancy and shows its destabilizing effects on the psychic life, especially in terms of psycho-sexual relations among and between migrants and nationals. More specifically, this paper focuses on the conflicting world views as manifested through same-sex relations between two key characters, Miguel, a gay Spanish male, and Azel, an educated young Moroccan who is compelled to be his companion. Within this discourse, the immigrant is subjected to and produced through orientalist fantasies within a postcolonial rhetoric of homoerotics. Instead of self-actualization, the migratory process engenders a sense of deep shame and existential uprootedness as the dream of deliverance turns into an irredeemable psychic trauma. Through his aggressive focus on the psycho-sexual lives of his protagonists and secondary characters, Ben Jelloun critically emphasizes the persistence of relationships that continue to bind the Moroccan identity within an entrenched power relationship between colonizer and colonized.
Critical Medievalism and the New South: Red Rock and Gone with the Wind
Authors: Cook Alexandra
Published: September 2013

Traditional southern medievalism is often characterized as reactionary and ideologically transparent, the product of a reprehensible desire to glorify plantation life, romanticize antebellum race relations and reify antiquated gender politics by associating white planters with “Knights and their Ladies Fair.” This article argues that in Thomas Nelson Page’s Red Rock and Margaret Mitchell’s Gone with the Wind , southern medievalism is not used to assert that the Old South was exactly like the feudal Middle Ages, nor to suggest that retaining retrograde Old South values is the region’s only hope for retaining a stable and homogenous cultural identity. Instead, both Page and Mitchell use the distinctive temporal structure of medievalism to offer the South new ways to confront the future and to navigate the social, political, and economic changes brought on by war and Reconstruction. Using southern medievalism to capitalize upon historical difference rather than to elide it, both Page and Mitchell use the fictionalized histories of medievalism to imagine ways in which the New South can renegotiate its relation both to its past and to its future.
“The Loophole of Retreat”: Interstitial Spaces in Harriet Jacobs’s Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl
Authors: Green-Barteet Miranda A.
Published: September 2013

Through an analysis of architectural terms and theory, this essay argues that the garret Harriet Jacobs inhabited for seven years while trying to secure her freedom can be seen as interstitial. That is, an ambiguous architectural location that exists between other clearly defined spaces and is undetectable to those who are unaware of its existence. In the garret, Jacobs’s life itself comes to be interstitial as she is neither one thing nor another; Jacobs is, however, more in control of her body and her life while in the garret than she has been at any other time of her life. In fact, Jacobs identifies the garret as empowering and uses the power of its interstitiality to her advantage. Within the garret’s relative safety, Jacobs actively manipulates her master into freeing her children, and she eventually uses it as her gateway to permanent freedom. In addition to recognizing the garret as interstitial, Jacobs also seems to envision her narrative as such.

This essay examines interstitial spaces in Jacobs’s narrative, arguing that she conceived of such spaces as literal and metaphoric. Having already learned about the power of interstitial spaces while in the garret, Jacobs casts her narrative as interstitial to argue against slavery and challenge the nineteenth-century domestic ideologies that did not account for enslaved women. Thus, from her interstitial position, Jacobs negotiates the boundaries between the public and private spheres while arguing that all women, regardless of race, class, or ethnicity, should be guaranteed the same protections that domestic ideology mandate for white, middle- and upper-class women, while also questioning the double standards that marginalized women face.