bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrometeorological Triggering of Periglacial Debris Flows Using a Bayesian Approach: A Case Study of the Hailuogou Gully Region, China
Authors: Wang Zheng , Chen Ningsheng , Hu Guisheng , Zhang Yong , Wang Genxu , Han Zheng
Published: July 2021

Mount Gonggais located in the east of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau; many debris flows have occurred in small basins with a small glacier cover or snow cover in this area. The hydrometeorological conditions that caused debris flows in this region are complex, making forecasting and early warning difficult. Previous studies for these small-glacial-covered basins have primarily considered rainfall as the only inducing factor of debris flows, and often the effects of temperature are neglected. Thus, we carried out a probabilistic analysis of variables derived from hydrometeorological factors for the Mount Gongga region, Sichuan, China, where debris flows were recorded on 14 days between 1988 and 2019. By analyzing hydrological characteristics when debris flows occurred, three distinct dominant trigger types could be identified. The results show that 7 (50%) of the observed debris flow events during the study period, high-intensity rainfall was the dominant trigger, snowmelt by high temperature was identified as the dominant trigger for 2 (14%). Furthermore, 5 (36%) debris flow events could be attributed to the combined effects of long-lasting (or short-medium) rainfall and sustained higher temperatures. We find that the differences between the trigger types are statistically significant, and a susceptibility prediction differentiating between trigger types can outperform simple rainfall-only situations. This study contributes to an improved understanding of the hydrometeorological impact on debris flow initiation in high elevation watersheds.
Positive correlations between social hierarchy and memory in weaning mice and young children
Authors: Chou Yu-Ju , Lu Yi-Han , Ma Yu-Kai , King Jung-Tai , Tasi Wen-Sheng , Yang Shi-Bing , Kuo Tsung-Han
Published: July 2021

Social hierarchy is associated with various phenotypes. Although memory is known to be important for hierarchy formation, the difference between dominant and subordinate individuals in memory abilities remains not well investigated. In this study, we examined memory performance in weanling mice with different social ranks and found better memory abilities in dominant mice, along with higher memory-related gene expressions and greater long-term potentiation in the hippocampus than the subordinates. To validate this correlation across species, through inventory, behavioral and event-related potential studies, we further identified better memory abilities in preschool children with higher social dominance. Better memory potentially helped children in processing dominance facial cues and learning social strategies to acquire higher social positions. Our study shows a remarkable similarity between humans and mice in the association between memory and social hierarchy and provides a new perspective on the social interaction in young with potential implications for preschool education.
A new arthroscopic repair technique for triangular fibrocartilage complex using an intracapsular suture: an outside-in transfer, all-inside repair
Authors: Zhao Jiasong , Gong Min , Bao Dingsu , Lin Yanming , Qiu Heng , Li Lang , Huang Yong
Published: July 2021

Background

Arthroscopic repair is a promising, minimally invasive surgical technique for patients with Palmer type 1B peripheral triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) tears. Although several arthroscopic techniques are effective for repairing Palmer type 1B TFCC tears, some shortcomings remain; thus, better methods are necessary.
Methods

We performed an arthroscopic intracapsular suture using an outside-in transfer, all-inside repair technique, which is a modified method of the outside-in and all-inside technique using the needle of a 10-mL sterile syringe, for Palmer type 1B TFCC tears. A No. 2 polydioxanone suture was threaded through the needle and entered the wrist joint. Next, the needle was withdrawn carefully along the suture to the proximal tear ulnar surface of the TFCC and penetrated the TFCC, exiting the articular cavity surface of the ulnar side of the torn TFCC. Finally, arthroscopic knotting was performed.
Results

This new technique was used to treat 17 patients with Palmer type 1B Atzei class 1 TFCC tears. The treatment was as effective as the previously described arthroscopic techniques and had advantages of no additional incision and decreased risk of operation-related complications.
Conclusions

The outside-in transfer, all-inside repair is a simple, safe, minimally invasive, and economical procedure that confers a lower risk of complications for Palmer type 1B TFCC tears. We recommend this technique as a useful alternative to the conventional methods of repairing Palmer type 1B TFCC tears.
Machine Learning Approaches for Predicting Geometric and Mechanical Characteristics for Single P420 Laser Beads Clad onto an AISI 1018 Substrate
Authors: Mohajernia Bita , Mirazimzadeh Seyedeh Elnaz , Pasha Alireza , Urbanic Ruth Jill
Published: July 2021

For effective bead deposition based additive manufacturing (AM) processes such as directed energy deposition, the final mechanical and physical properties should be predicted in tandem with the bead geometry characteristics. Experimental approaches to investigate the final geometry and the mechanical properties are costly, and simulation solutions are time-consuming. Alternative artificial intelligent (AI) systems are explored as they are a powerful approach to predict such properties. In the present study, the geometrical properties, as well as the mechanical properties (residual stress and hardness) for single bead clads are investigated. Experimental data is used to calibrate multi-physics finite element models, and both data sets are used to seed the AI models. The adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and a feed-forward back-propagation artificial neural network (ANN) system are utilized to explore their effectiveness in the 1D (discrete values), 2D (cross sections), and 3D (complete bead) domains. The prediction results are evaluated using the mean relative error measure. The ANFIS predictions are more precise than those from the ANN for the 1D and 2D domains, but the ANN had less error for the 3D scenario. These models are capable of predicting the geometrical and the mechanical properties values very well, including capturing the mechanical properties in transient regions; however, this research should be extended for multi- bead scenarios before a conclusive ‘best approach’ strategy can be determined.
IBPC: An Approach for Mitigation of Cache Pollution Attack in NDN using Interface-Based Popularity
Authors: Kumar Naveen , Srivast Shashank
Published: July 2021

The performance of Named Data Networking (NDN) depends on the caching efficiency of routers. Cache Pollution Attack (CPA) refers to colonization of unpopular contents in the Content Store (CS) of an NDN router, which leads to declined Quality of Service (QoS) in NDN. CPA has very few solutions proposed for its mitigation. Most of these solutions are based on the statistics of the router itself. However, an attacker can influence these statistics by requesting unpopular contents repeatedly. This article proposes a new parameter for the detection of CPA, which is based on the number of distinct users requesting interest packets for a content over a period of time. The local popularity of the attackers’ content does not affect the proposed approach. Results show that the proposed approach consumes less storage, reduces processing time, and more effectively mitigates the CPA, as compared to the other existing approaches.
Extract of Tagetes Erecta Could Be Used as a Potential Drug Candidate Against Cancer: A Study on the Anticancer Efficacy of Medicinal Plants Involving in Vitro and in Vivo Approach
Authors: Barhoi Dharmeswar , Upadhaya Puja , Barbhuiya Sweety Nath , Giri Anirudha , Giri Sarbani
Published: July 2021

Globally, the burden of cancer is increasing consistently. Modern cancer therapies include lots of toxicity in the non-targeted organs reducing the life expectancy of the patients. Therefore, the development of safer alternative medicines with less toxicity and high efficacy is of immense importance. The present study was designed to evaluate the anticancer activity of a medicinal plant, “Tagetes erecta” (TE), in established cancer cell lines in vitro and in animal models in vivo. GC-MS analysis was performed that revealed hexadecanoic acid, Linolenic acid, Quinic acid, 2,3- dihydrobenzofuran (Coumaran), and β-stigmasterol as major bioactive compounds in TE leaves. Aqueous extract of Tagetes erecta (AETE) treatment potentially reduced the tumor weight (TW) and tumor volume (TV) and increased the life span in EAC-induced tumor-bearing Swiss albino mice. Side effect analysis confirmed the lack of toxicity of AETE to non-targeted organs in normal Swiss albino mice. Studies in cancer cell lines indicated dose and time-dependent cytotoxicity in Human laryngeal carcinoma (HEp-2) and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells. Flow cytometric analysis established significant induction of apoptosis in EAC cells without arresting the cell cycle. In addition, AETE treatment led to a significant increase in cells with depolarised mitochondrial membrane potential. The present study indicated that AETE potentially inhibits tumor progression without disturbing normal body physiology. Thus, we conclude that AETE can be used as a potential therapeutic agent against cancer.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Associated Public Health Response on People with Eating Disorder Symptomatology: A National Australian Study
Authors: Miskovic-Wheatley Jane , Koreshe Eyza , Kim Marcellinus , Simeone Rachel , Maguire Sarah
Published: July 2021

Background
Associated with the COVID-19 pandemic is a mental health crisis. People with lived experience of eating disorders (ED) may be particularly vulnerable due to exasperating factors including social isolation, co-occurring conditions, etc. This study investigates the association of the pandemic with ED symptomatology to consider impact and identify risk factors for clinical consideration.
Methods
Australian participants over 16 years self-reported ED diagnosis and/or symptomatology. An online survey was conducted due to reach, cost-effectiveness, safety and suitability. Participants recorded ED status, co-occurring mental health conditions, completed validated measures of ED illness, state mental health and loneliness, and changes in ED symptoms during the pandemic.
Results
Of 1723 participants (mode age 24.9 years, 91.6% identifying as female, EDE Global Score x = 4.08, SD = 1.18), 88.0% reported an increase in body image concerns, 74.1% in food restriction, 66.2% binge eating and 46.8% driven exercise during the pandemic. Increased ED symptomatology was associated with poorer state mental health and loneliness across the ED symptom profile. Most participants were negatively impacted by various aspects of the public health response, more so for those with more acute illness.
Conclusions
With 40.5% of participants not having sought formal diagnostic assessment and less than half in treatment, this study provides evidence for the detrimental impact of the pandemic on people with a lived experience of an eating disorder, especially for those not yet supported by the health care system. This presents baseline data - investigation is ongoing to 6 month follow up to assess longer-term impact.
Quantum anomalous Hall effect from intertwined moiré bands
Authors: Mak Kin Fai , Li Tingxin , Jiang Shengwei , Shen Bowen , Zhang Yang , Li Lizhong , Devakul Trithep , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Fu Liang , Shan Jie
Published: July 2021

Electron correlation and topology are two central threads of modern condensed matter physics. Semiconductor moiré materials provide a highly tunable platform for studies of electron correlation. Correlation-driven phenomena, including the Mott insulator, generalized Wigner crystals, stripe phases and continuous Mott transition, have been demonstrated. However, nontrivial band topology has remained elusive. Here we report the observation of a quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect in AB-stacked MoTe2/WSe2 moiré heterobilayers. Unlike in the AA-stacked structures, an out-of-plane electric field controls not only the bandwidth but also the band topology by intertwining moiré bands centered at different high-symmetry stacking sites. At half band filling, corresponding to one particle per moiré unit cell, we observe quantized Hall resistance, h/e^2 (with h and e denoting the Planck’s constant and electron charge, respectively), and vanishing longitudinal resistance at zero magnetic field. The electric-field-induced topological phase transition from a Mott insulator to a QAH insulator precedes an insulator-to-metal transition; contrary to most known topological phase transitions, it is not accompanied by a bulk charge gap closure. Our study paves the path for discovery of a wealth of emergent phenomena arising from the combined influence of strong correlation and topology in semiconductor moiré materials.
Magnetic Recyclable Cu/Znfe2o4 for Catalytic Reduction of Nitroarenes And C-N Bond Formation Reactions
Authors: Zhang Ruike , Chen Tian , Wang Gongshu , Guan Yuqiu , Yan Guiyang , chen zhangpei , Hu Jianshe
Published: July 2021

A magnetic recyclable Cu/ZnFe2O4 composite material was successfully prepared with cheap and easy-to-obtain raw materials. This obtained copper composite material could be employed as efficient catalyst for both degradation of aromatic nitro compounds and C-N bond formation reactions without extra ligands. The aromatic nitro compounds were reduced within 2 min with low catalyst dosage. And high catalytic activity, broad substrate scope and low loading were achieved for Ullmann-type C-N bond formation reaction. The morphology of Cu/ZnFe2O4 was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS), Transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, this environmentally friendly heterogeneous catalyst could simply be recovered via magnetic decantation and used again for six cycles with no considerable loss in activity. This developed magnetic recyclable Cu/ZnFe2O4 composite had the characteristics of easy availability, high catalytic performance, good reusability good stability and magnetic recovery properties.
Atypical Evolution of Meningiomatosis After Discontinuation of Cyproterone Acetate: Clinical Cases and Histomolecular Characterization.
Authors: Passeri Thibault , Giammattei Lorenzo , Abbritti Rosaria , Perrier Alexandre , Wong Jennifer , Bourneix Christine , Polivka Marc , Adle-Biassette Homa , Bernat Anne-Laure , Masliah-Planchon Julien , Mandonnet Emmanuel , Froelich Sébastien
Published: July 2021

Purpose Long-term use of cyproterone acetate (CPA) is associated with an increased risk of developing an intracranial meningioma. Discontinuation of CPA most often induce stabilization or regression of the tumor. The exact mechanism of regression is unknown as well as the reason why some meningiomas are still growing after CPA discontinuation.We are reporting four patients with multiple meningiomas, showing opposite tumor evolutions after stopping the CPA highlighting the underlying histologic and genetic features.MethodsPatients presenting several meningiomaswith opposite evolutions following the discontinuation of CPA were identified. The clinical and radiological data’s were reviewed. A retrospective volumetric analysis of the meningiomas was performed. All the growing meningiomas were operated. Each tumor was characterized histopathologically and by molecular and genetic analyses.ResultsFour female withmultiple meningiomas and opposite tumor volume evolution after CPA discontinuation were identified. The histopathological results found fibroblastic meningiomas for tumorsgrowinglocated in the convexity and a morefibrousmeningioma in the skull-base tumor which decreased. Meningothelial and transitional meningiomaswere found in two skull-base growing meningiomas.The molecular characterization found twoNF2-mutations among the 4 growing meningiomas. In one patient who presented both patterns, the shrinking skull-basetumor harbored a PIK3CA-mutation whereas the growing tumor, a NF2-mutation.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first report of such an atypical tumor evolution of CPA-associated meningiomatosis after CPA discontinuation in the same patient. Underlying biological mechanisms explaining this observationespecially, the close relationship between mutational landscapes and the meningeal embryologyin CPA-related meningiomasrequire further research.
Influence of the Depth and Season on Microbial Community Dynamics of the Black Sea
Authors: Ozturk Rafet Cagri , Altinok Ilhan , Feyzioglu Ali Muzaffer , Capkin Erol , Yildiz Ilknur
Published: July 2021

The Black Sea is a unique environment having a thin layer of oxic-zone above and anoxic-zone below. Seasonal, vertical, and horizontal microbial assemblages were studied in terms of diversity, abundance, community structure using NGS of the 16S rRNA gene. Total of 750 bacteria species from 23 different phyla were identified. The number of species richness increased from the surface to deeper zones. Although microbial community compositions between sampling stations were similar, microbial community compositions were significantly different vertically between zones. Community compositions of the seawater and sediment were also significantly different. Community composition at 5 meters in summer was significantly different from other seasons, while remaining depths appeared similar. Species of nitrite-oxidizing, sulfate-reducing, thiosulfate reducing, Iron-reducing, Fe-Mn reducing and electricity-producing bacteria were reported for the first time in the Black Sea. Proteobacteria dominated all the sampling depths. Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Verrucomicrobia were present in the whole water column, while Nitrospinae, Chloroflexi, and Kiritimatiellaeota were restricted, appearing abundant at 75 meters and deeper layers. Vertical microbial community composition variation is attributable to environmental factors and their adaptations to the various ecological niches.
Exosomes Derived from SW480-Resistant Colon Cancer Cells are Promote Angiogenesis via BMP-2/Smad5 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Yang Song , Yao Lei , Wang Xiaolong , Sun Hao , Du Chaogang , Song Chengpeng , Fu Jingyu , Wu Yongjun , Huang Hongwu , Wang Chuansi , Wang Yongsen , Xie Yixiang
Published: July 2021

Background: Multidrug resistance is the main cause of tumor recurrence and metastasis. Therefore, it is urgent to explore the mechanism and treatment of drug resistance of tumor cells. We aim to investigate the relationship between drug resistance and angiogenesis in SW480 colon cancer cells, and the possible underlying mechanism.Methods: Exosomes was extracted from SW480-sensitive or -resistant colon cancer cells (SW480/Oxaliplatin). MTT assay, migration assay, tube formation assay, qPCR and Western blotting were performed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).Results: The conditioned medium and exosomes of SW480/Oxaliplatin cells promoted proliferation, migration, and tube formation of HUVECs. The expression of BMP-2 in SW480/Oxaliplatin exosomes was 2.3 folds higher than that in SW480 exosomes. BMP-2 promoted angiogenesis in vitro by inhibiting the Smad signaling pathway. Moreover, TGF-β1, an activator of the Smad signaling pathway, could partly block the promoting effect of SW480/Oxaliplatin exosomes on angiogenesis.Conclusions: SW480 resistant colon cancer exosomes promoted angiogenesis via inhibiting the BMP-2/Smad signaling pathway.
Self-Reported Symptom Study of COVID-19 Chemosensory Dysfunction in Malaysia
Authors: Lee Shen-Han , Yeoh Zhi Xiang , Sachlin Ida Sadja'ah , Gazali Norzi , Soelar Shahrul Aiman , Foo Chee Yong , Low Lee Lee , Alwi Sharifah Baizura Syed , Kamalden Tengku Mohamed Izam Tengku , Shanmuganathan Jothi , Zaid Masliza , Wong Chun Yiing , Chua Hock Hin , Yusuf Suhaimi , Muhamad Dzawani , Devesahayam Philip Rajan , Ker Hong Bee , Salahuddin Zulkiflee , Mustafa Mahiran , Sawali Halimuddin , Lee Heng Gee , Din Sobani , Misnan Nor Arisah , Amran Amran , Ismail Mohd Noor , Periasamy Chenthilnathan , Chow Ting Soo , Krishnan Elang Kumaran , Leong Chee Loon , Lim Linda Pei Fang , Zaidan Nor Zaila , Ibrahim Zambri , Wahab Suhaila Abd , Hashim Siti Sabzah Mohd ,   Malaysian COVID-19 Anosmia Research Group
Published: July 2021

Alterations in the three chemosensory modalities – smell, taste, and chemesthesis – have been implicated in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), yet emerging data suggest a wide geographic and ethnic variation in the prevalence of these symptoms. Studies on chemosensory disorders in COVID-19 have predominantly focused on Caucasian populations whereas Asians remain understudied. We conducted a nationwide, multicentre cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire on a cohort of RT-PCR-confirmed adult COVID-19 patients in Malaysia between 6 June to 30 November 2020. The aim of our study was to investigate their presenting symptoms and assess their chemosensory function using self-ratings of perceived smell, taste, chemesthesis, and nasal blockage. In this cohort of 498 patients, 41.4% reported smell and/or taste loss when diagnosed with COVID-19, which was the commonest symptom. Blocked nose, loss of appetite, and gastrointestinal disturbances were independent predictors of smell and/or taste loss on multivariate analysis. Self-ratings of chemosensory function revealed a reduction in smell, taste, and chemesthesis across the entire cohort of patients that was more profound among those reporting smell and/or taste loss as their presenting symptom. Perceived nasal obstruction accounted for only a small proportion of changes in smell and taste, but not for chemesthesis, supporting viral disruption of sensorineural mechanisms as the dominant aetiology of chemosensory dysfunction. Our study suggests that chemosensory dysfunction in COVID-19 may be widespread and more common than previously thought among Asians, and manifest as an early symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This has important implications for our understanding of the infectivity of viral strains, diagnosis, and management of this pandemic. Study Registration: NMRR-20-934-54803 and NCT04390165
microRNA-145-5p attenuates acute lung injury via targeting ETS2
Authors: Qiao Liang , Li Rongxia , Hu Shangang , Liu Yu , Liu Hongqiang , Wu Hongjun
Published: July 2021

Objective
Previously, the protective effect of microRNA (miR)-145-5p has been discovered in acute lung injury (ALI). Thus, this study attempts to further discuss the mechanism of miR-145-5p in ALI through the downstream E26 transformation-specific proto-oncogene 2 (ETS2)/transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad pathway.
Methods
A lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat ALI model was established. Recombinant adenovirus miR-145-5p and/or ETS2 overexpression plasmid was administrated into rats. Afterwards, pathological damage in the lung tissue, wet/dry (W/D) ratio, apoptosis and contents of serum inflammatory factors were observed. miR-145-5p, ETS2, TGF-β1, Smad2/3, phosphorylated Smad2/3 levels were measured in rats.
Results
miR-145-5p was down-regulated, ETS2 was up-regulated and TGF-β1/Smad pathway was activated in LPS-suffered rats. Overexpression of miR-145-5p inactivated the TGF-β1/Smad pathway and attenuated ALI, as reflected by relived pathological damage, and decreased W/D ratio, apoptosis and inflammatory response. Oppositely, loss of miR-145-5p or enhancement of ETS2 worsened ALI and activated the TGF-β1/Smad pathway. Moreover, elevation of ETS2 decreased miR-145-5p-mediated protection against ALI.
Conclusion
Evidently, miR-145-5p negatively regulates ETS2 expression and inactivates TGF-β1/Smad pathway to ameliorate ALI in rats.
Downregulation of SMC4 Inhibits the Progression of Cardia Adenocarcinoma via PI3K/ AKT Signaling Pathway Regulation
Authors: Zhu Mengqi , Zhang Xinxin , Gao Kaiji , Zhang Lingmei , Feng Xiaojia , Wang Hui , Jia Jianguang
Published: July 2021

Background: Cardia adenocarcinoma (CA) is a subtype of gastric cancer with a high rate of local and distal recurrence and few targeted therapies. Structural maintenance of chromosome protein 4 (SMC4) is involved in the occurrence and progression of numerous malignancies, but its role and mechanism in CA are unknown.Methods: Through the Western Blot and qRT-PCR, the level of SMC4 expression was determined in CA. SMC4 knockout cells were then generated by stable transduction of BGC-823 and SGC-7901 cells. Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT and clone formation test, Scratch and transwell tests were used to investigate cell migration as well as invasion, while through the flow cytometry, we examined the cell apoptosis and progression of the cell cycle. The regulatory effects of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the PI3K/AKT pathway were investigated using Western Blot.Results: This study showed overexpression of SMC4 in various CA cells. SMC4 knockout significantly caused the inhibition of proliferation, migration, and invasion of BGC-823 and SGC-7901, and stimulate the process of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. In addition, down-regulation of SMC4 resulted in decreased expression of Bcl-2, Cyclin D1, CDK4, CDK6, N-cadherin and Vimentin, with an increased level of proteins i.e Bax, caspase3, Cleaved-caspase3, P21, and E-cadherin. SMC4 knockout also reduced the phosphorylated protein levels of AKT, PI3K, and mTOR, while keeping their total protein levels constant.Conclusion: Downregulation of SMC4 can inhibit the biological progression of CA, suggesting that SMC4 could be a potential therapeutic target for the disease.
Genetically Predicted Cardiac Troponin I Concentrations and Risk of Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Liu Dandan , Deng Yue , Wang Jiao , Chen Yanan , Yu Jian , Tan Boyu , Wang Mengmeng
Published: July 2021

Background: Observational studies have shown that elevated circulating cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentrations were associated with higher risk of stroke and atrial fibrillation, but the causality remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted a two-sample mendelian randomization study to evaluate the causal effects of cTnI concentrations on the risk of stroke subtypes and atrial fibrillation.Methods: The instrumental variables for circulating cTnI concentrations were selected from a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of 48,115 European individuals. Applying a 2-sample mendelian randomization approach, we examined the associations of circulating cTnI concentrations with stroke (40,585 cases and 406,111 controls), ischemic stroke (34,217 cases and 406,111 controls), ischemic stroke subtypes (cardioembolic, large artery, small vessel stroke), intracerebral hemorrhage (1,545 cases and 1,481 controls) and atrial fibrillation (60,620 cases and 970,216 controls). Results: Genetically predicted elevated circulating cTnI concentrations were associated with increased risk of cardioembolic stroke (odds ratio [OR], 1.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20-2.68; P = 0.004). However, no significant association was observed for cTnI concentrations with large artery stroke, small vessel stroke, total stroke, ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage. Additionally, we also found that elevated cTnI concentrations were associated with higher risk of atrial fibrillation (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.10-1.53; P = 0.003).Conclusions: This study provides evidence that genetically predicted circulating cTnI concentrations are causally associated with increased risk of cardioembolic stroke and atrial fibrillation.
Chemical characterizations of Neurotransmission Receptors of human and plant to unfold the evolutionary relationships among them
Authors: SENGUPTA ANTARA , CHAKRABORTY SUBHADIP , CHOUDHURY PABITRA PAL
Published: July 2021

Vertebrates have very well defined nervous system. It is established that plant also has an alternative sort of sensitive nervous system. Researchers find a close relationship of the neurotransmission mechanism of animal with the plant and suspects close relation in amino acid transport mechanism among both the organisms. Along with the abilities of determining protein structure and various functions, the chemical properties of amino acids also have great contribution in molecular evolution. Hence, in this present work it is aimed at making comparative study on the distribution of amino acids in the neurotransmission receptors associated to animals and plants, based on the chemical properties the amino acids contain. It is possible to classify 20 amino acids into 8 chemical groups and are identified by specific numeric value. The common pattern finding procedure in numerical representation of protein sequences find some conserved regions in the receptor protein sequences of both the species. The comparative study has been made on distributions of chemical properties in protein sequences of ionotropic glutamate receptor protein sequences and GABA receptor protein sequences of two species namely human, a vertebrate and Arabidopsis thaliana, a plant. Experiments have been carried out to calculate proximity between protein sequences based on the distribution of each chemical group (in percentage) in them and phylogenetic trees have been constructed to find evolutionary relationships of neurotransmission receptors of both the spices.
Polarization of rheumatoid macrophages is regulated by the CDKN2B-AS1/ MIR497/TXNIP axis
Authors: Xu JianZhong
Published: July 2021

The polarization of macrophages plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis. The polarization states include pro-inflammatory M1 polarization and various alternative anti-inflammatory M2 polarization. Our preliminary results showed that CDKN2B-AS1/MIR497/TXNIP axis might play a role in macrophages extracted from rheumatoid arthritis patients. Therefore, we proposed that this axis regulated the polarization of rheumatoid macrophages. Flow cytometry was used to determine the surface polarization markers in M1 or M2 macrophages from healthy donors and rheumatoid arthritis patients. QPCR and western blotting were used to compare the expression of CDKN2B-AS1/MIR497/TXNIP axis in these macrophages. We interfered with the expression and function of the CDKN2B-AS1/ MIR497/TXNIP axis from upstream to downstream in the macrophage cell line MD to test its roles in macrophage polarization. Compared to cells from healthy donors, cells from rheumatoid arthritis patients expressed a higher level of CD40 and CD80 and a lower level of CD16, CD163, CD206, and CD200R after polarization, they also expressed higher CDKN2B-AS1, lower MIR497, and higher TXNIP. In macrophages from healthy donors, there was no correlation among CDKN2B-AS1, MIR497, and TXNIP. But in macrophages patients, they showed significant correlations. The CDKN2B-AS1 knockdown, MIR497 mimics suppressed M1 polarization but promoted M2 polarization in MD cells, while MIR497 knockdown and TXNIP overexpression did the opposite. Elevated CDKN2B-AS1 in macrophages promotes M1 polarization and inhibits M2 polarization of macrophage by negative regulating MIR497, thereby upregulated the expression of TXNIP.
The CDKN2B-AS1/ MIR497/TXNIP axis regulated macrophages
Authors: Xu Jianzhong , Li Yu , Gu Chenxi , Liu Guanlei , Yu Yang
Published: July 2021

Abstract

The polarization of macrophages plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis. The polarization states include pro-inflammatory M1 polarization and various alternative anti-inflammatory M2 polarization. Our preliminary results showed that CDKN2B-AS1/MIR497/TXNIP axis might play a role in macrophages extracted from rheumatoid arthritis patients. Therefore, we hypothesized that this axis regulated the polarization of rheumatoid macrophages. Flow cytometry was used to determine the surface polarization markers in M1 or M2 macrophages from healthy donors and rheumatoid arthritis patients. QPCR and western blotting were used to compare the expression of the CDKN2B-AS1/MIR497/TXNIP axis in these macrophages. We interfered with the expression and function of the axis from upstream to downstream in the macrophage cell line MD to test its roles in macrophage polarization. Compared to cells from healthy donors, cells from rheumatoid arthritis patients expressed a higher level of CD40 and CD80 and a lower level of CD16, CD163, CD206, and CD200R after polarization, they also expressed higher CDKN2B-AS1, lower MIR497, and higher TXNIP. In macrophages from healthy donors, there was no correlation among CDKN2B-AS1, MIR497, and TXNIP. But in macrophages patients, they showed significant correlations. The CDKN2B-AS1 knockdown, MIR497 mimics suppressed M1 polarization but promoted M2 polarization in MD cells, while MIR497 knockdown and TXNIP overexpression did the opposite. This study demonstrated that elevated CDKN2B-AS1 in macrophages promotes M1 polarization and inhibits M2 polarization of macrophage by negatively regulating MIR497, thereby upregulated the expression of TXNIP.
GigaAssay – a high-throughput assay system for molecular functions and cell processes
Authors: Schiller Martin , Benjamin Ronald , Giacoletto Christopher , FitzHugh Zachary , Eames Daniel , Buczek Lindsay , Wu Xiaogang , Newsome Jacklyn , Han Mira , Pearson Tony , Wei Zhi , Banjeree Atoshi , Shen Shirley , Deng Hong-Wen
Published: July 2021

High-throughput assay systems have had a disproportionally large impact on uncovering how cells function, as well as how misregulation can lead to disease. However, no high-throughput assay systems have been developed to systematically address how mutations impact molecular functions or cell processes in human cells. This is arguably one of the most critical assays because human pathology and treatment are largely based upon molecular functions. To address this challenge, herein we engineered, developed, and tested the first modular high-throughput molecular function assay system. Note that this is not a selection lethality screen! This “GigaAssay” single cell / one-pot assay system was adapted to study how variants impact HIV Tat-driven transactivation of a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter. We assayed all 1,615 Tat single and 3,429 double amino acid substitutions with no single mutant dropout. Each mutant was assayed with replicate observations in LentiX293T and Jurkat cells with an average of 100s of separately barcoded cDNA molecules and cell groups for each mutant. Each mutant had ~2,000X-90,000X sequencing coverage to measure its transcriptional activity and had p value ranging as low as 10-271. Five independent assay performance assessments with benchmark data, individually tested clones, and replicate comparisons all indicate exceptional reproducibility, accuracy, and robustness. The shortcomings of alanine scanning mutagenesis and protein truncation studies are revealed by including exhaustive substitution tolerance and intragenic epistasis in the typical structure/function analysis(structure/function/tolerance/epistasis). This flexible and extensible technology enables a far more comprehensive holistic view of protein molecular function and yet with a highly simplified single-pot assay.
CLINICAL FEATURES OF THE COURSE AND ASSESSMENT OF TREATMENT STRATEGY IN CHILDREN WITH BRONCHITIS
Authors: Koloskova Olena К. , Bilous Tatiana М. , Bilyk Galyna A. , Tkachuk Roman V. , Dikal Maryana V.
Published: July 2021

Respiratory diseases always account for a significant proportion of visits to the pediatrician or family doctor, and bronchitis is usually a frequent clinical manifestation of acute respiratory diseases. The doctor often faces the question of how to objectively assess the clinical picture of bronchitis, and now the assessment of respiratory symptoms is often based on criteria such as cough, shortness of breath or wheezing on auscultation. However, today there are practically no data on the severity of bronchitis in children depending on the above criteria.
A cohort of 158 children with bronchitis was created at the pulmonology and allergology Department of the Municipal Medical Institution "Regional Children's Clinical Hospital" in Chernivtsi. The severity of bronchitis was assessed at the beginning and on the 3rd and 7th day of inpatient using the Bronchitis Severity Score (BSS). According to this scale, mild bronchitis was verified in 30 patients which formed the I clinical group, and 128 children had moderate bronchitis (II clinical comparison group).
Aggressive inflammation of the bronchi in children with moderate inflammation of the bronchial tree compared with patients with mild bronchitis was accompanied 1.6 times more often by recurrence, a history of episodes of community-acquired pneumonia in 9.4% of patients, long-term inpatient treatment (odds ratio 2.6) and halving the duration of the outpatient treatment period. The study of clinical severity of bronchitis in children of the comparison groups made it possible to establish an increase in the chances of a more severe course of the disease on the 7th day of hospitalization in children with moderate bronchitis (odds ratio 4.8) with persistence of cough in 68.7% of children in this group (odds ratio 3.8). Evaluation of inpatient treatment tactics indicated the need to increase the volume of complex therapy in patients with moderate bronchitis relative to children with mild disease (odds ratio 12.0, relative risk 8.8), as well as increasing the risk of the need for antibacterial therapy (odds ratio 3.7, relative risk 2.8) and the appointment of intravenous antibiotics for more than 3 days (odds ratio 5.0, relative risk 1.1).
STUDY OF THE STATE OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IN YOUNG WOMEN AMONG THE POPULATION OF LVIV REGION
Authors: Shkolnуk Olena S. , Yefimenko Olena K. , Sharhorodska Yevheniya B. , Malanchuk Oleksandra N.
Published: July 2021

In Ukraine, the state of pregnancy in adolescent girls aged 13–17 years is considered early or adolescent pregnancy. The problems of teenage pregnancy are extremely relevant in Ukraine: in ten years, almost 100,000 girls aged 16–17 became mothers, solving the problems of teenage births. The urgency of the problem of pregnancy in young girls gives grounds to consider and treat this issue as a serious social and psychological problem that requires further study and development of measures to prevent it.
The purpose of the research is to study the state of reproductive health in young women among the population of Lviv region, determining the frequency of adolescent pregnancy and taking into account the contribution of gynecological pathology and menstrual disorders.
A retrospective analysis of the primary medical records of 134 young women was conducted. We studied the frequency of adolescent births, social status, medical surveillance coverage during pregnancy, reproductive history in adolescent women for 4 years in Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital.
Analysis of the prevalence of adolescent pregnancy showed that the frequency of childbirth in young women remained stable for four years: in 2014–2017, in the maternity wards of Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital, 134 women under the age of 18 gave birth, which is 0.82–0.98% of the total number of births.
A significant majority (p <0.05) of them (78 women) were 17 years old (that is 58.2%) and 84 women lived in rural areas (62.7%); 97 women were not married (72.4%). Only 1/3 (34.3%) of young women were registered in a women's clinic before 12 weeks of pregnancy, and 10.4% of them were not followed up by doctors at all during pregnancy. The study of menstrual dysfunction, namely irregular menstruation, showed the presence of this indicator in more than 1/2 (80–59.7%) out of 134 young women. According to the results of the study, despite their young age, 127 (94.8%) of 134 women were pregnant for the first time, and 7 (5.2%) women had consecutive pregnancy. Among 7 (5.2%) women who had consecutive pregnancy, only 4 (3.0%) had an uncomplicated pregnancy, and three (2.2%) subjects had a history of one (0.7%) silent miscarriage, premature birth, medical abortion. More than 1/3 (50–37.3%) of young women gave birth to children with poor health. The most common cause of reproductive disorders in young women of the main group was prematurity of newborns (37.3%). The data obtained indicate the feasibility of studying adolescent motherhood, which will be especially valuable in the context of developing effective demographic policies.
Digital health projects financing: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Kotenko Nataliia , Bohnhardt Viktoriya
Published: July 2021

The article summarizes current trends in financial support for digital health in Ukraine, considering the requirements and recommendations of international institutions. The research goal is to identify problems and challenges in public funding in Ukraine and find effective ways to solve them based on world experience. The systematization of scientific sources and approaches to solving the problem of financing digital health projects has shown that most studies present the results on finding effective mechanisms for financing health care or technical aspects of digital health and its components. However, under the WHO report, the lack or insufficient level of sustainable funding is an insuperable obstacle for implementing digital health projects in most countries. Thus, the above confirmed the relevance of the investigated scientific problem. Methodical tools of this research were systematization, structural and comparative analyses, logical generalization. The practical implementation of the study was carried out using the tools of Excel 2016. In the study, the start point for gathering data was 2016, which is the beginning of the digital health transformation in Ukraine. For gaining the research goal, this study was conducted in the following logical sequence: analyzing the effectiveness and stability of budget funding for the electronic health record projects in Ukraine within the eHealth initiative; defining the current state of Telemedicine and Mobile Medicine financings; identifying the potential directions for solving the problem of lack of funding based on world experience; determining the innovative digital medicine projects implemented by startups; setting the relationship between the amount of venture financing, the maturity and number of employees of companies. Following the findings, the authors developed the recommendations to use AI, Big Data, blockchain technologies, the Internet of Things to establish cooperation between the private, public sectors, academia, and non-governmental organizations.
Current State of the Horticultural Therapy Profession in the United States
Authors: Stowell Derrick R. , Fly J. Mark , Klingeman William E. , Beyl Caula A. , Wozencroft Angela J. , Airhart Douglas L. , Snodgrass P.J.
Published: July 2021

While horticultural therapy (HT) has a long history in the United States, the profession has not had the acceptance and growth that related fields, such as art, music, recreational, occupational, and physical therapies have experienced. The objective of this study was to identify the current challenges and opportunities of HT in the United States. Maximum variation sampling was used to select current and former members of the American Horticultural Therapy Association (AHTA) for interviews. A total of 27 participants were interviewed between Nov. 2019 and Jan. 2020 using semi-structured qualitative interviews by Zoom. The interviews revealed six themes: 1) current state of the profession, 2) AHTA operations/structure, 3) education/credentialing, 4) funding/job opportunities, 5) public awareness/networking, and 6) research. This paper will discuss the challenges and opportunities presented in the six themes and provide recommendations for the future growth of the HT profession.
Research on Capsule Network Based on Attention Mechanism
Authors: Jiao Yan , Zhao Li , Xu Hexin
Published: July 2021

The capsule network has good spatial recognition and has good accuracy in classification and recognition tasks. However, because of the dynamic routing algorithm in the capsule network, the training speed of the capsule network is slow. In order to make better use of the capsule network, reduce For its training cost, this paper proposes a capsule network based on the attention mechanism, and adds the CBAM attention module to the original capsule network to improve the network’s ability to extract information in the feature map channel and information in the feature map space, and improve the network’s learning ability, To reduce the number of network training, thereby reducing the cost of training. This paper conducts experiments based on the original neural network to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of adding the CBAM module to the capsule network. The final result is that the CBAM module can speed up the convergence speed of the capsule network by 50%.
Optimization Method of Equipment Maintenance Resource Scheduling Based on Hidden Semi-Markov Model
Authors: Wang Pengrui , Liu Bailin , Zhao Tao , Cao Pengxiang
Published: July 2021

Aiming at the problems of uneven distribution of maintenance resources and poor planning in the process of complex equipment maintenance, a complex equipment maintenance resource scheduling optimization method based on the hidden semi-Markov model is proposed. Establish a hidden semi-Markov model based on the monitoring data of each maintenance point to evaluate the health status of the equipment, and calculate the importance and priority of each maintenance point based on the health status. Establish the transportation time matrix between the support points and the maintenance points, and propose the maintenance resource scheduling plan between the maintenance points and the support points. The experimental results show that using the monitoring data of four self-propelled artillery to be repaired, the accuracy of the calculated priority is 1.2% higher than the importance. Therefore, the priority of the maintenance point is selected to optimize the resource scheduling plan under the condition of meeting the task requirements and the given maintenance support resources, and shorten the average waiting time of the self-propelled artillery.
Bluetooth 5.2 Technology and Application
Authors: Wang Jian , Liang Hui
Published: July 2021

Bluetooth, a wireless short-distance communication technology, realizes data exchange between fixed devices and mobile device. It widely used in wireless devices, including wireless mice, wireless headsets, notebook computers and other devices. With the development of the times, the traditional Bluetooth technology can no longer meet people’s needs, and a new generation of low-power Bluetooth audio technology standards came into being. Bluetooth 5.2 uses LE Audio technology, which uses low-complexity communication coding and decoding technology to realize low-power transmission of high-quality audio. This paper mainly introduces the new features of Bluetooth 5.2 technology, including enhanced ATT protocol, LE Power Control and LE Isochronous Channels.
Generating Sea Surface Object Image Using Image-to-Image Translation
Authors: Yin Wenbin , Yu Jun , Hu Zhiyi
Published: July 2021

Sea objects training, the conditional adversarial networks require a large number of images to solve image-to-image translation problems. In the case of insufficient samples, it leads to network overfitting and poor training results. This project proposes a conditional adversarial generative model that retains the original background features in the absence of paired samples. The goal of this project is to reduce the deviation of the corresponding output from the original input. Firstly, the object images of different categories are labeled with color masks. Second, sea objects are generated randomly in the original background using model of this project. Finally, the generated results of this approach are compared with other approaches. The experimental results show that, compared with results from other conditional adversarial generative models, the generated object images using model of this project have the characteristics of richer texture and clearer structure.