bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ni–Co hexacyanoferrate hollow nanoprism with CN vacancy for electrocatalytic benzyl alcohol oxidation
Authors: Lv Chenghang , Chen Liang , Bai Jingjing , Ruo Hongyu , Pan Yanlong , Xu Shoudong , Chen Jiaqi , Zhang Ding , Guo Chunli
Published: May 2024

An innovative method to improve the oxidation efficiency of benzyl alcohol utilizes Ni–Co hexacyanoferrate hollow nanoprisms.
Synthesis of N-β-brominated alkenyl isothiocyanates via dehydrogenation of alkyl isothiocyanates
Authors: Maeda Bumpei , Akiyoshi Ryohei , Tanaka Daisuke , Sato Kohei , Murakami Kei
Published: May 2024

A new dehydrogenative synthesis of alkenyl isothiocyanates has been developed; the reaction provides compounds with bromo and isothiocyanate groups. The products are applicable to various further transformations.
Uranyl-Tc(vii)/Tc(v) hybrid clusters
Authors: Shohel Mohammad , Nyman May
Published: May 2024

Pertechnetate (99TcVIIO4−) and autoreduced 99Tc(v), species coordinate to UO22+ to form hybrid clusters. These clusters have important implications to understanding technetium chemistry in spent nuclear fuel and legacy wastes.
Plasma amplifiers: multiscale light-enhanced uniform SERS composite substrates for breaking through resonance limitations
Authors: Lu Jinqiao , Yang Fen , Wang Zhen , Huang Jie , Jin Shangzhong , Liang Pei
Published: May 2024

Phenomenon known as plasmon resonance constitutes a unique optical effect that can induce an enhancement in localized electromagnetic fields.
A new biphenol-dipicolylamine based ligand and its dinuclear Zn2+ complex as fluorescent sensors for ibuprofen and ketoprofen in aqueous solution
Authors: Paderni Daniele , Macedi Eleonora , Giacomazzo Gina Elena , Formica Mauro , Giorgi Luca , Valtancoli Barbara , Rossi Patrizia , Paoli Paola , Conti Luca , Fusi Vieri , Giorgi Claudia
Published: May 2024

Biphenol-dipicolylamine containing ligands are not only suitable chemosensors for H+/Zn2+ ions but also attractive metallo-receptors for environmentally relevant anionic guests belonging to the NSAIDs family, such as ibuprofen and ketoprofen.
Optimization of a combined power plant CO2 capture and direct air capture concept for flexible power plant operation
Authors: Graham Edward J. , Sheha Moataz , Mallapragada Dharik S. , Herzog Howard J. , Gençer Emre , Cross Phillip , Custer James P. , Goff Adam , Cormier Ian
Published: May 2024

Optimization of a natural gas power plant with integrated calcium looping, membrane and cryogenic CO2 separation, and DAC for negative emissions.
Electron-deficient sites on boron-doped graphite enable air-stable and durable red phosphorus anode for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Ji Chuang , Zhou Qingfeng , Yuan Yingyi , Chen Wei , Hou Tao , Zhao Bote , Qin Yexia , Xiong Xunhui
Published: May 2024

Electron-deficient boron doping into graphite can enhance the chemical affinity to electron-rich RP via strong P–C bonds, which can maintain the structural stability and effective electrical contact between them during long-term cycling processes.
A closer examination of white-rot fungal mycelia assisted wood bonding
Authors: Sun Wenjing , Hafez Islam , Cole Barbara J. W. , Tajvidi Mehdi
Published: May 2024

This study investigated the adhesion at the interface between fungal mycelia and wood in detail, focusing on the evaluation of different bonding systems and the influence of hot-pressing temperature on bonding strength.
In situ synthesis of metal (Bi0)–semiconductor [BiOX (X = Cl, Br, and I)] nanocomposites as a highly effective catalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol
Authors: Singh Dinesh , Poddar Pankaj
Published: May 2024

The BiOX (X = Cl, Br, and I) catalysts demonstrate significant catalytic activity for 4-nitrophenol reduction due to in situ formation of metal-semiconductor (Bi0–BiOX) nanocomposites in the presence of NaBH4.
Enhancing the optical properties of hydrophilic Ag2Se NIR-II quantum dots by using chemometric approaches towards (bio)sensing applications
Authors: de Souza Sobrinha Izabel G. , Trindade Felipe Cunha da Silva , Gonçalves Ingrid W. V. , Pereira Claudete F. , Pereira Goreti , Pereira Giovannia A. L.
Published: May 2024

Silver chalcogenide quantum dots (QDs) are potential nanosensors for biological and environmental applications.
Reduced graphene oxide-wrapped ZnS–SnS2 heterojunction bimetallic hollow cubic boxes as high-magnification and long lifespan supercapacitor anode materials
Authors: Li Xiaoqin , Feng Guoqing , Zhou Lingling , Zhao Tiewei , Jiang Feng , Li Huiyu , Liu Yongsheng , Yu Qing , Ding Hao , Zou Tian , Zhao Shanhai , Cao Jun , Zhu Yanyan , Cao Haijing
Published: May 2024

Metal sulfides have attracted extensive attention due to their excellent electrochemical performance.
Recent trends in incorporation of CO2 into organosulfur compounds via C–S bond cleavage
Authors: Zainul Rahadian , Abdullah Media Noori , Saeed Shakir Mahmood , Idan Ameer Hassan , Ahmed Alsultany Nahed Mahmood , Arshadi Sattar , Behmagham Farnaz , Vessally Esmail
Published: May 2024

Desulfurative functionalization of organosulfur compounds to form various carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bonds has become established as a powerful tool in organic chemistry.
G-quadruplex-guided cisplatin triggers multiple pathways in targeted chemotherapy and immunotherapy
Authors: Ma Tian-Zhu , Liu Liu-Yi , Zeng You-Liang , Ding Ke , Zhang Hang , Liu Wenting , Cao Qian , Xia Wei , Xiong Xushen , Wu Chao , Mao Zong-Wan
Published: May 2024

PyPDSplatins can not only bind G4s to repress c-MYC and VEGF expressions but also damage G4s to activate the immune-related cGAS-STING pathway and AIM2-ASC-related pyroptosis, triggering a strong immune response and potent antitumor effects.
Characterization of a LanC-free pathway for the formation of an ll-MeLan residue and an alloAviMeCys residue in the newly identified class V lanthipeptide triantimycins
Authors: Ding Weizhong , Wang Xiaofeng , Yin Yu , Tao Jiang , Xue Yanqing , Liu Wen
Published: May 2024

The cyclization step of lanthionines is typically catalyzed by a LanC cyclase or a cyclase domain. Here, we report a LanC-free pathway for the formation of an ll-MeLan residue and a stereochemically diverse alloAviMeCys residue in triantimycins.
PROPPINs and membrane fission in the endo-lysosomal system
Authors: Gopaldass Navin , Mayer Andreas
Published: May 2024

PROPPINs constitute a conserved protein family with multiple members being expressed in many eukaryotes. PROPPINs have mainly been investigated for their role in autophagy, where they co-operate with several core factors for autophagosome formation. Recently, novel functions of these proteins on endo-lysosomal compartments have emerged. PROPPINs support the division of these organelles and the formation of tubulo-vesicular cargo carriers that mediate protein exit from them, such as those generated by the Retromer coat. In both cases, PROPPINs provide membrane fission activity. Integrating information from yeast and human cells this review summarizes the most important molecular features that allow these proteins to facilitate membrane fission and thus provide a critical element to endo-lysosomal protein traffic.
Examining Force Level Output of Skin-Drive Bone Conduction Hearing Devices in Adults With Simulated Conductive Hearing Loss
Authors: El-Naji Rana , Scollie Susan , Bagatto Marlene
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

Bone conduction hearing devices (BCDs) that deliver sound across the skin (i.e., transcutaneous) are suitable for some individuals who have conductive or mixed hearing losses. Prescriptive targets for percutaneous devices are available, for example, from the Desired Sensation Level–Bone Conduction Hearing Device (DSL-BCD) algorithm. These targets, however, may require modification for use with transcutaneous BCDs. The current study investigated three key variables that may inform target modification: (a) comparison of thresholds measured using an audiometric bone conduction (BC) transducer versus transcutaneous BCDs that offer in situ threshold measurement, (b) transcutaneous BCD default force level outputs versus recommended DSL percutaneous BC targets, and (c) the preferred listening levels (PLLs) of adults wearing transcutaneous BCDs in a laboratory setting.

Method:

Bilateral conductive hearing loss was simulated in 20 normal-hearing adults via earplugs. Thresholds were measured using a B-71 BC transducer and two commercially available BCDs coupled to a soft headband. DSL percutaneous BC targets were generated, and PLLs were obtained for a 60-dB SPL speech stimulus. Force level outputs were measured using a skull simulator on the Audioscan Verifit2 at the hearing aids' default settings and at the participants' PLL for each device.

Results:

On average, audiometric BC thresholds were significantly better than those measured in situ with each BCD. PLLs were similar to prescribed targets for one device with the smoother response shape and agreed in the high frequencies for both devices.

Conclusions:

In situ thresholds are significantly higher than audiometric BC thresholds, suggesting that device-based in situ measurement more accurately accounts for the signal transmission from transcutaneous BCDs. PLLs differed from the percutaneous targets and varied between devices, which may indicate that either target modifications or manipulations of device frequency response shaping are needed to approximate PLL with transcutaneous BCD devices.
Validity of Acoustic Measures Obtained Using Various Recording Methods Including Smartphones With and Without Headset Microphones
Authors: Awan Shaheen N. , Bahr Ruth , Watts Stephanie , Boyer Micah , Budinsky Robert ,   Bridge2AI Voice Consortium, Bensoussan Yael
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

The goal of this study was to assess various recording methods, including combinations of high- versus low-cost microphones, recording interfaces, and smartphones in terms of their ability to produce commonly used time- and spectral-based voice measurements.

Method:

Twenty-four vowel samples representing a diversity of voice quality deviations and severities from a wide age range of male and female speakers were played via a head-and-thorax model and recorded using a high-cost, research standard GRAS 40AF (GRAS Sound & Vibration) microphone and amplification system. Additional recordings were made using various combinations of headset microphones (AKG C555 L [AKG Acoustics GmbH], Shure SM35-XLR [Shure Incorporated], AVID AE-36 [AVID Products, Inc.]) and audio interfaces (Focusrite Scarlett 2i2 [Focusrite Audio Engineering Ltd.] and PC, Focusrite and smartphone, smartphone via a TRRS adapter), as well as smartphones direct (Apple iPhone 13 Pro, Google Pixel 6) using their built-in microphones. The effect of background noise from four different room conditions was also evaluated. Vowel samples were analyzed for measures of fundamental frequency, perturbation, cepstral peak prominence, and spectral tilt (low vs. high spectral ratio).

Results:

Results show that a wide variety of recording methods, including smartphones with and without a low-cost headset microphone, can effectively track the wide range of acoustic characteristics in a diverse set of typical and disordered voice samples. Although significant differences in acoustic measures of voice may be observed, the presence of extremely strong correlations (
r
s > .90) with the recording standard implies a strong linear relationship between the results of different methods that may be used to predict and adjust any observed differences in measurement results.

Conclusion:

Because handheld smartphone distance and positioning may be highly variable when used in actual clinical recording situations, smartphone + a low-cost headset microphone is recommended as an affordable recording method that controls mouth-to-microphone distance and positioning and allows both hands to be available for manipulation of the smartphone device.
Measuring Preschool Teachers' Language Use During Shared Book Reading With Children With Developmental Disabilities: A Pilot Study
Authors: Cornett Sara C. , Barton-Hulsey Andrea , Burnett Tyler
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

Opportunities to actively engage in literacy instruction should be accessible to all students in the classroom. Shared book reading provides a literacy-based context in which teachers may adapt their communication to allow students with a range of abilities to participate. The current study examines teacher communication during shared book-reading activities to understand what specific strategies teachers are using when children with developmental disabilities are included.

Method:

A shared reading activity was video-recorded in one classroom with and one classroom without students with developmental disabilities. Quantity of teacher communication was measured using the Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts (SALT) tool, while communication functions were measured by adapting the Systematic Assessment of Book Reading. Survey methods reported teachers' typical classroom literacy instruction.

Results:

While both teachers used similar amounts of language, the teacher with students with developmental disabilities in her classroom used more literacy-related functions (e.g., referencing letters, phonics, decoding) to discuss print concepts and slightly greater communication to support comprehension of the story. Both teachers reported rarely—if not at all—using technology as an instructional strategy.

Conclusions:

SALT, an adapted assessment, and survey methods may capture differences in teacher communication during shared reading within heterogeneous classrooms. Understanding more about teacher communication yields important implications for intercollaborative practice to allow support for students with a range of abilities within inclusive literacy-based instruction.
The first results of the use of the gene pool of the Kalmyk breed on the brown stock of Brown Swiss cattle
Authors: Ulimbashev Murat , Tletseruk Irina , Krasnova Oksana , Pskhatsieva Zemfira , Konik Nina
Published: May 2024

The given investigation is devoted to a comparative assessment of the growth, meat productivity and efficiency of beef production by bulls of different genotypes. It was formed 3 groups of bull calves, 15 heads in eachon the 2nd-3rd days after birth: group firstis brown Swiss calves, the second is Kalmyk breed, the third is crossbreeds obtained from crossing Brown Swiss cows and Kalmyk bulls. It has been established that to the age of 18 months, the advantage of Kalmyk bulls and their crossbreeds in terms of live weight over purebred animals of the Brown Swiss breed averaged 16.3-28.2 kg (P>0.999). According to the average daily increase in live weight for the entire production cycle, animals of the Kalmyk breed favorably differed among the analyzed genotypes of young animals, the superiority of which over their peers of different origin varied within 29-61 g (P> 0.999). The difference between bulls of the Brown Swiss breed and crossbreds was 32 g (P>0.999) in favor of the latter. From bull-calves of the Kalmyk breed and their crosses, in contrast to those of the Brown Swiss breed, heavier carcasses were obtained - by 24.8 (P> 0.99) and 14.9 (P> 0.99) kg, slaughter yield is by 2.4 (P>0.99) and 1.4 abs.%, respectively. Representatives of the Kalmyk breed and crossbred peers differed in the highest yield of pulp, whose superiority over bulls of the improved breed was 12.0 (P>0.99) and 7.5 (P>0.99) kg, respectively. A higher level of profitability at the level of 34.6-37.9% was characterized by the descendants of bulls of the Kalmyk breed versus 26.7% in the group of brown Swiss breed.
Indicators of production use and yaks immunity of the Central Ciscaucasia
Authors: Kairov Valery , Konik Nina , Tletseruk Irina , Pskhatsieva Zemfira , Krasnova Oksana
Published: May 2024

The purpose of the research is to study the main production indicators and immunological status of the breeding stock of yaks of the Sarlyk breed living in the Central Ciscaucasia. The object of the investigation was the animals of LLC «Mountain-Alpine», LLC «Garant A», LLC «Selskie Dary», and LLC «Business Group», located in Chereksky district of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. The breeding population of yaks in the region is more than 7,500 heads, of which 4,123 are yak-cows. The share of breeding sires is accounted of 217 heads, which is 2.9% more than the total yak population. Milk production of yak-cows is fluctuated on approximately the same level on farms and amount to 179-184 kg. For every 100 yak-cows in analyzed organizations were obtained at least 88 calves, and more than 98% of young animals were preserved for weaning. Species from all farms were distinguished by the optimal duration of the calving intervals, which made it possible to produce one calf per year from them within 12-13 months. More preferable values for the period between calving were observed among representatives from LLC Garant A (358 days) for all other things being equal. It was established that cows were eliminated from the herds at the age of 3.2-3.8 calving, and they were used longer by 0.4-0.6 calving in LLC «Selskie Dary» and LLC «Garant A» regardless of organizational affiliation. The most common reasons for attrition were injuries and diseases of the limbs. Yak -cows of all breeding reproducers were characterized by high humoral and cellular immunity.
Resistance of Kalmyk cattle breed to high ambient temperatures of the highlands of the North Caucasus
Authors: Yurin Denis , Gneush Anna , Bogatyreva Irina , Elzhirokova Zalina , Kairov Valery
Published: May 2024

The purpose of the research is to establish indicators of heat resistance and study the growth of Kalmyk cattle youth in different natural, climatic, organizational and technological conditions in the highlands of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. The investigations were carried out in LLC «Dargan» (Chereksky district, in village Gerpegezh) and LLC «Malka» (Zolsky district, in village Malka) of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic of the Kalmyk breed bulls during the period of grazing (from 7 to 12 months). The highest values of the heat resistance index and tolerance coefficient were recorded at the beginning of the grazing period in species of both farms, when the ambient temperature during the day was within comfortable limits for the species as a whole. Subsequently, the heat resistance indicators were decreased by the middle of the analyzed period of detention, which is explained by the temperature stress for the body of the experimental animals. However, temperature conditions and resistance were restored to their original values for them by the end of the experiment. Inter-farm divergences in growth intensity in age period of 7-9 months were 31 g (P<0.95), 9-12 months - 65 g (P<0.999) and for the entire period - 52 g (P<0.99). The largest absolute increase in live weight over the analyzed period was distinguished by bulls from LLC «Malka», which were under other conditions, recorded the lowest feed costs per 1 kg of live weight gain. Thus, the differences in the cost of energy feed units in comparison with individuals from «Dargan» LLC were 0.18, digestible protein was 11 g.
Morphogenesis of some organs of the immune system of broiler chickens in the age aspect when adding the feed additive “Amber Chill feed supplement” to the diet
Authors: Kundryukova U. , Drozdova L. , Krasnoperov A. , Batanova A. , Savvateeva O.
Published: May 2024

This article uses the results of a comparative morphological study of Ross 308 cross broiler chickens of the experimental and control groups when introducing the feed additive “Amber Chill feed supplement” with drinking water during the technological cycle. The experiments were conducted at the Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences” in 2023. The inclusion of the feed additive “Amber Chill feed supplement” in the diet of broiler chickens did not have a negative effect on the general condition, safety of poultry, and live weight gain. The hematological parameters of broiler chickens of the control and experimental groups were within the reference values. Histological examination of the organs of the immune system – thymus, spleen, bursa of Fabricius at 10, 20, 35 and 42 days of age revealed the processes of maturation and differentiation of organs and some processes of involution by the end of the technological cycle. A distinctive feature between the groups was the earlier maturation of the immune system organs in broiler chickens of the experimental group, as opposed to the control group.
Features of blood morphological and biochemical parameters of yaks of the new Bay-Talsky type in the Republic of Tyva
Authors: Chysyma R.B. , Kan-ool B.K. , Ludu B.M.
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this research was to study the morphological and biochemical parameters of Bay-Talsky type yaks bred in the Bay-Tal yak breeding enterprise located in the Bay-Taiga mountain range. The BayTal type yak was created on the basis of purebred breeding in the Sarlyk breed in 2021. 43 heads of yaks of 18 months of age were used as experimental animals, from which two groups of yaks were formed, of which 23 heads of a new intra-breed Bay-Tal type and 20 heads of yaks of the Sarlyk breed. Of the yaks indicated in this experiment, blood counts were previously studied only in yaks of the Sarlyk breed. We have conducted the study of morphological and biochemical parameters of the Bay-Tal type yaks for the first time. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the average values of blood parameters in yaks were within the physiological norm. Nevertheless, the Bay-Tal yaks showed a higher level of hemoglobin – by 9.8% (P<0.05), the content of erythrocytes – by 10.9% (P<0.05) and leukocytes – by 34.4% (P<0.01) compared with Sarlyk yaks. Along with morphological parameters, the yaks of the new Bay-Tal type are characterized by a high content of biochemical blood parameters: total protein - by 16.4% (P<0.05), urea – by 40.6% (P<0.01), cholesterol and glucose – by 60% (P<0.001). The results obtained are important for establishing the average population level of a number of morphological and biochemical blood parameters in Bay-Tal yaks.
The influence of morphological parameters of incubation eggs on the growth and development of repair young
Authors: Batanov S.D. , Baranova I.A. , Starostina O.S. , Ananikov Ya.G. , Shkarupa E.V.
Published: May 2024

The purpose of the research was to analyze the influence of morphometric parameters of eggs on the quality of day-old chickens, as well as the growth and development of repair young. The shape index of eggs weighing up to 55 g varied from 0.581 to 0.814, in eggs weighing - from 55g to 65 g from 0.687 to 0.805 units. All the eggs under study, having an optimal weight (55-65 g) in terms of suitability for incubation, were divided into 3 groups depending on the size of the shape index: group 1 – 0.687-0.725; group 2 – 0.726-0.764; group 3 – 0.765-0.805. The live weight of day-old chickens in the first group ranged from 31.81 g to 35.47 g, with a coefficient of variation of 3.5%, and in the second, third and fourth groups from 37.12 g to 42.81 g with a coefficient of variation of 3.8%, 4.1% and 6.2%. The weight of day-old chickens of the second group was significantly higher than in the third and fourth groups by 1.4% and 1.2%, respectively. At the age of 17 weeks, the difference in the live weight of the repair young between the second, third and fourth groups was not significant and ranged from 0.14% to 0.38%, and in average daily increments from 0.05% to 1.16%. The repair young of the first group were significantly inferior to their peers in terms of live weight by 207.48-213.94 g, and in terms of average daily gains - by 15.5-14.5%. The safety of livestock was: group 1 - 89.6%; group 2 - 98.7%; 3 - 97.3; group 4 - 97.5%. The uniformity of poultry by live weight in the groups was 80.2-85.7%.
Studying the structural changes in the volume of agricultural crop production in the regional agro-industrial complex
Authors: Gusev Andrey
Published: May 2024

The system for assessing efficiency in the modern economy of agricultural production usually deals with monetary terms, which does not always reflect the essence of the processes taking place, because in market conditions, a constantly changing price distorts indicators of the scale of production activity. To assess the scale of production objectively, it is quite acceptable and advisable to use natural indicators that assess production volumes, or recalculate them into comparable prices. In recent years, the region has been changing its production structure, focusing on the production of crop products, primarily grain. The growth in volumes is ensured by two key production factors, the availability of sown areas (extensive factor) and crop yields (intensive factor). The structural changes taking place in the region have changed the structure of production, and therefore the degree of influence of key factors on production volumes. In conditions of spatial limitation of areas occupied by agricultural land, the impossibility of their further expansion in the region, in the foreseeable future extensive factors of production will fade away without having a significant impact on production growth, therefore, special attention should be paid to intensive growth factors, namely, the development measures aimed at increasing agricultural yields.
Color characteristics and microstructure of bioactive films on various structure formers
Authors: Zinina Oksana , Vishnyakova Elena , Neverova Olga , Rogozinnikova Irina , Galushina Polina , Chepushtanova Olga
Published: May 2024

The color and transparency of the films in which food products are packaged are one of the important factors for consumers when choosing food products. The aim of this research was to investigate the color characteristics and transparency films made on different biopolymer bases and with the addition of active components. The results of determining color characteristics showed different effects of introducing protein hydrolyzate into alginate, agar and pectin film bases. The films based on pectin have a higher yellowness value. Films based on agar turned out to be the most transparent. The color intensity (Chroma) is most pronounced in films based on pectin with the addition of protein hydrolysate. Thus, the addition of protein hydrolyzate affects the transparency of the films, as well as their color characteristics and color intensity, however, the nature of these changes directly depends on the structure-forming matrix used.
The effect of phytobiotic preparations on the digestibility of macronutrients by laying hens
Authors: Latypova Ekaterina , Shatskikh Elena
Published: May 2024

Currently, intensive industrial use of poultry facilities and a large concentration of livestock negatively affect the bacterial background and, consequently, the microflora of the bird body. Due to the settlement of opportunistic and pathogenic microflora in the microbiocenosis of the chicken gastrointestinal tract, after 10-11 months of productivity, laying hens either weaken in egg production or in egg quality. The article describes the results of the absorption of calcium and phosphorus macronutrients by the body of laying hens when phytobiotics are introduced into the feed. According to the research results, it was determined that in birds receiving phytopreparations, the absorption of calcium and phosphorus increased by 10.13 and 10.31% compared with the control, and the content of these elements in the tibia increased by 2.30 and 1.54%, respectively, on average during the experiment. During the studies, the egg weight of the experimental chickens exceeded the control by 1.03-5.26%, while the shell strength was higher by 0.72-1.73%.
Review of the risks of developing postoperative complications that might arise due to the treatment of various forms of glaucoma in dogs using transscleral cyclophotocoagulation
Authors: Kuvshinova Maria , Goncharova Anna , Pozyabin Sergey
Published: May 2024

Transscleral cyclophotocoagulation is a promising method for treating various forms of glaucoma in dogs due to the possible adaptation of the total laser exposure protocol to each clinical case individually to achieve a hypotensive effect with a minimal probability of developing severe complications, so the issue of developing an optimal protocol is relevant. The research for the selection of such a protocol was carried out at the Department of Veterinary Surgery of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education MSAVM&B - MVA named after K. I. Scriabin and at the VC CEVO&M. To perform transscleral cyclophotocoagulation, a laser video endoscopic ophthalmological system Endo Optiks E2 was used, which contains a compact diode laser with a wavelength of 810 nm. In the process of selecting the protocol, based on the effectiveness of the exposure, the animals were divided into three groups: with insufficient (n=6), optimal (n=21) and excessive (n=3) total exposure. Changes in condition, including the development of complications, were assessed on the 1st, 7th and 30th days after surgery. In this study, a persistent hypotensive effect was achieved in dogs with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in 90% of cases, in dogs with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) in 66.7% of cases, in dogs with secondary angle-closure glaucoma (SCAG) in 58. 82% of cases. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed laser power protocol for the treatment of various forms of glaucoma in dogs. The best results were achieved in dogs in the group using the optimal protocol (n=21). The complications they developed were not severe and were amenable to therapeutic correction.
Problems of cattle health improvement and protection of population against viral diarrhoea under current conditions of animal husbandry
Authors: Klepova Yulia , Poryvaeva Antonina , Lysova Yana , Belousova Daria , Nurmieva Venera
Published: May 2024

The article presents the dynamics of the prevalence of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) in livestock enterprises of the Ural region in the period 2018-2023. Retrospective and operational analysis of monitoring data showed that the epizootic situation was consistently tense. The share of unfavourable livestock enterprises ranged from 18.2% to 33.3%. The cumulative infection rate in different age groups of cattle ranged from 2.3% to 23.3%. Clinical symptoms of acute course of BVDV-infection in examined cattle were registered in 10.9% of cases; persistent form of BVDV-infection - in 16.5% of cases; subclinical course of BVDV-infection and latent form - in 73.6% of cases. Phylogenetic analysis of BVDV isolates obtained from animal biosamples showed that 81.8% of isolates belong to the Cp-biotype of BVDV, 18.2% of isolates - to the Ncpbiotype of BVDV. It has been established that the intensity of pathogen eradication decreases in livestock enterprises when the regulations of specific prophylaxis are violated, as evidenced by the increase in the number of animals carrying BVDV by 4%; calves with diseases caused by BVDV infection - by 2.5%; cows and heifers with reproductive losses - by 5.7%.
Assеssmеnt of Tumor Nеcrosis Factor Rеlatеd Wеak Inducеr of Apoptosis (TWЕAK) lеvеl in Systеmic Lupus Еrythеmatosus patiеnts (nеphritis patiеnts)
Authors: Kadhim Doaa Amer , Al-Dujaili Arshad Noori
Published: May 2024

Systеmic lupus еrythеmatosus (SLЕ) is a prototypic autoimmunе disеasе charactеrizеd by thе production of antibodiеs to componеnts of thе cеll nuclеus in association with a divеrsе array of clinical manifеstations. Thе еxact pathoеtiology of SLЕ rеmains еlusivе. Thе aim of thе currеnt study wеrе to dеtеct thе analytic еstimation of sеrum TNF-likе wеak inducеr of apoptosis (TWЕAK) lеvеl in Systеmic Lupus Еrythеmatosus patiеnts (nеphritis patiеnts). Mеthods: This invеstigation was conductеd at Najaf public laboratoriеs and Biological Thеrapy cеntеr in Marjan Tеaching Hospital in Babylon, Iraq. During thе pеriod from Octobеr, 2022 till May, 2023. This invеstigation was includеd 120 subjеcts womеn dividеd into two groups 90 patiеnts group (all patiеnts 90 has ANA positivе , 60 only from thеsе womеn has positivе anti-doublе strandеd antibody suffеring from SLЕ) that agе rangеs from 20-39 yеars and control group was composеd of 30 fеmalе hеalthy pеrsons. Paramеtеrs that еstimatе in this invеstigation include Crеatininе concеntration and TNF-likе wеak inducеr of apoptosis (TWЕAK) еstimatе by using еnzymе linkеd immunе sorbеnt assay. As wеll as studying thе rеlation bеtwееn this biomarkеr lеvеl, Body Mass Indеx (BMI), agе, and Hb and crеatininе. Rеsults: Thе rеsults showеd a significant a significant diffеrеnt (P-Valuе< 0.05) in Crеatininе concеntration, and significant incrеasе (P-Valuе < 0.05) in lеvеl of TNF-likе wеak inducеr of apoptosis (TWЕAK) in systеmic lupus еrythеmatosus patiеnts as comparison with hеalthy groups. Еnzymе Linkеd Immunе Sorbеnt Assay mеasurе of sеrum TNF-likе wеak inducеr of apoptosis (TWЕAK) indicatеd morе significant lеvеls for systеmic lupus еrythеmatosus patiеnts than hеalthy controls. Conclusion: Thе currеnt study concludеd that a TNF-likе wеak inducеr of apoptosis (TWЕAK) is a prognostic markеr and еarly dеtеction of systеmic lupus еrythеmatosus with rеnal disеasе associatеd with somе complication.
Test of polystyrene toxicity on Aeromonas-sobriaand staphylococcus-hominibacteria
Authors: Al-Khalidy Hiba Ibrahem , Al-Haidarey Mohammed Jawad Salih
Published: May 2024

The spread of nano-plastic particles arising from the decomposition of plastic has become a global problem because it poses a threat to primary products in food chains, and thus threatens the entire system. We tested the apparent effects on the metabolism of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria after exposure to nano-plastics (nanocpolystyrene) by using carbon as an energy source. After diagnosis bacteria samples and then exposed to nanopolystyrene solution with different concentrations (200, 500 and 1000) ppm. Biology Eco Microplate (BEMP) was used to determine changes in bacteria after uptake of a carbon source. Average well-color development (AWCD) was used for data analysis, the result showed there are increase in size of bacteria and in absorption of carbon sources.
Estimation the level of Gremlin in Polycystic ovarian syndrome patients
Authors: Salih Saba Ibrahim , Al-Dujaili Arshad Noori
Published: May 2024

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal condition that affects women of reproductive age. The aim of the current study were to detect the analytic estimation of serum Neudesin as well as studying the relation between this biomarker and Body Mass Index (BMI), age, waist /hip ratio and type of infertility in Polycystic ovarian syndrome patients. Methods: The current study was conducted on 90 women (60 patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and 30 healthy control) ranging in their ages from 15-39 years in period from March to June, 2023. Blood samples were collected from women and serum samples prepare to estimate the serum levels of Neudesin. Results: The results indicated that there was a significant decrease (P-Value< 0.05) in Neudesin levels in patients group when compare with control group. Also, after dividing the group of patients into three groups according to ages, we notice a significant decrease (P-Value< 0.05) in Neudesin levels in age less than 20 years when compare with age 20-29 years and age 30-39 years, and a significant decrease (P-Value< 0.05) in Neudesin levels in age 20-29 years when compare with age 30-39 years. On the other hand, When dividing the group of patients according to body mass index we notice a significant increase (P-Value< 0.05) in Neudesin level in overweight group when compare with obese group and significant increase(P-Value< 0.05) in Neudesin level in moderate W/H ratio group than high W/H ratio group and no significant difference found between primary and secondary infertility. Conclusion: The current study concluded that a Neudesin is a prognostic marker and early detection of polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) circulating levels are related to LDL Myocardial infarction
Authors: Alhamed Thoalffakar A. , Saqban Liqaa H. , Al-dujaili Arshad Noori
Published: May 2024

Background: Low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDL-R) in hepatocytes are degraded by the enzyme Neiutrophophil gielatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) A brand-new target for lipid-lowering treatment is Neiutrophophil gielatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) inhibition. Three subsets of monocytes, which play a critical role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, are known. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine whether circulating levels of Neiutrophophil gielatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) are associated with LDL liped subsets. Materials and Methods: We included 70 patients with coronary artery disease. Neiutrophophil gielatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels were measured and LDL liped and 30 control health. Results: Eighty percent of the patients were men, with a mean age between 40 and 70. Patients increese displayed greater Neiutrophophil gielatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) -levels compared to the 30 male control group. Neiutrophophil gielatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels in the blood were associated with CM treatment in patients, whereas NCM had the opposite effect. Patients whose levels of Neiutrophophil gielatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) were greater than the median displayed a significantly higher. Conclusions: Endurance training, resistance training, and combined training improve cardiovascular risk factors associated with obesity. These types of training methods also improve cardiovascular risk factors in school obese children. Also, they can be used as effective exercise programs for these people. Therefore, EET, RET, and CET used in this study, especially EET, can be recommended as a non-medical way to improve the incidence of cardiovascular risk factors and obesity-related disorders in obese boys.
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in Assessment of Grain Crop State
Authors: Bevz Svetlana Ya. , Kozina Anna M. , Voblikova Tatyana V.
Published: May 2024

The results of studying the dynamics of the NDVI of winter triticale crops in the conditions of the Northwest of Russia are presented. The NDVI was determined based on remote sensing data obtained by two methods including satellite imagery and aerial photography from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The analysis of the dynamics of the NDVI of the surveyed area for the period from May 15 to August 8, obtained from the Sentinel-2 L2A satellite, showed the dependence of the index on the increase in biomass of winter triticale by the periods of its growth and development, as well as on the meteorological conditions of the growing seasons. The sharpest increase in the vegetation index was noted in the period from the beginning of June to the beginning of July, which corresponds to the phase of entering the tube — filling of winter triticale grain. In the most favorable weather conditions, the vegetation index reached 1.0, which indicates the formation of dense vegetation by triticale crops. It is confirmed that the strong dependence of the average NDVI on yield occurs against the background of a decrease in the value of the vegetation index. The conducted aerial photography showed the presence of spatial heterogeneity in the studied fields, which caused uneven growth and development of winter triticale plants within the boundaries of one field. The shortage of grain from each hectare will be about 200 kg. In this regard, it is recommended to apply precision farming using NDVI mapping schemes with reference to point-based field surveys.
Investigations of substrate specificity of lipase and esterase from Triticum aestivum and their Michaelis-Menten kinetics
Authors: Kulamikhina Irina , Kanunnikova Natalia , Selezneva Olga , Makarova Olga
Published: May 2024

Enzymatic screening is screening an enzyme library to identify those that possess enzymatic activity towards defined substrates. In this work we screened a lipase and an esterase from Triticum aestivum – most significant cereal crop. The study aimed to investigate whether long-chain or short-chain fatty acids have higher processing rate by esterase and lipase from Triticum aestivum. In the screening, pH values were varied. Moreover, as substrates, several esters with varying length of fatty acids were used. The lipase and esterase showed higher activity towards substrates with a longer carbon chain. Enzyme activity was measured photometrically by using para-nitrophenol. Inhibitory properties of diisopropylfluorophosphate in relation to the esterase were tested. It was found that diisopropylfluorophosphate acts as a non-competitive inhibitor. pH optimum of pancreatin was determined, the value of which is 7.
The efficiency of bacterial cellulose biosynthesis from the amount of nitrogenous compounds in the nutrient medium
Authors: Pogorelova Natalia A. , Sarnitskaya Natalya A.
Published: May 2024

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a promising material for technological and medical applications. The isolation of effective BC producers from natural symbiotic consortia is a promising direction in relation to industrial biotechnology of BC. The study consists in selecting the composition of the nutrient medium to increase the efficiency of the biosynthesis process of BC by cellulose-synthesizing bacteria isolated from the symbiotic consortium Medusomyces gisevii. Morphological features of isolated acetic acid bacteria have been determined - small rods, 0.8-1.2 microns in size with a rounded end, forming cream-colored colonies on agarized nutrient media, 2-7 mm in size with a characteristic luster. The composition of the nutrient medium RAE (AE) was determined, characterized by the maximum efficiency of BC biosynthesis (production of 4.63 g DM/l for 8 days; the degree of glucose conversion - 41.04%).
Strategic priorities for rehabilitation of desertified areas
Authors: Bakinova Tatyana , Naminova Kermen , Sanan Orosov , Vladimir Batyrov , Galina Konieva
Published: May 2024

Desertification is a global socio-ecologial - economic problem. Desertification has affected the South of Russia, including the territory of Kalmykia. The problem of desertification poses a threat to all sectors of the Republic’s economy, especially the agricultural sector.The agrarian sphere of the Republic of Kalmykia is not only agricultural production, but also engineering infrastructure, everyday life, health and income of the population. The fundamental point is that the higher the degree of land degradation, the less the socio-economic and environmental benefits accrue to the people living in the territory. Recent assessments of the Republic of Kalmykia rangeland fund indicate a rather low feed potential. The transformation of rangelands into arable land remains an unresolved problem. Among the problems of rational use of rangeland resources, the regulatory and legal failure to regulate the use of natural resources is highlighted, the current assessment of the state of soil and plant resources remains. It is impossible to carry out expert assessments of the condition without classical survey methods, absence of materials of large-scale soil and geobotanical cartographic affects on economic calculations, cadastral assessment of land and standardization of agricultural land use.
Development of a model for increasing the competitiveness of forest industry enterprises
Authors: Medvedev Sergey , Ivantsova Ekaterina , Mokhirev Alexander
Published: May 2024

Competitiveness is one of the key characteristics for any commercial enterprise. This parameter is determined by many indicators and factors. At the same time, the most important condition for competitive advantages is the efficiency of various processes. The purpose of the work was to develop a model for increasing the competitiveness of enterprises in the forest industry. To achieve it, a set of tasks was solved using traditional research methods (static analysis, literature analysis, modeling). As a result, the key factors influencing the competitiveness of the timber industry enterprise were identified. These include a variety of resources, the external environment and internal capabilities that determine pricing policy. The paper presents a detailed analysis of these factors and their role in improving the efficiency of the studied objects. It is determined that resource conservation, adaptation and optimization of these factors are key to improving competitiveness. The developed model generalizes the presented approach and, when used, leads to an increase in the competitiveness of timber enterprises.
Digital transformation of methods for assessing the horse exterior characteristics
Authors: Kalinkina Galina , Datsyshin Andrey , Orlova Yulia , Nikolaeva Anna , Makhmutova Oksana
Published: May 2024

Intelligent animal husbandry is becoming a priority area of the industry. On the basis of digital technologies, genomic assessment, and artificial intelligence, new opportunities are being formed to improve the organization of breeding and technological processes. For effective horse breeding, coupled with classical breeding methods, modern breeding resource management systems based on innovative approaches are needed. Accurate quantification of phenotypic information about an animal is a difficult task. Of particular importance there are the issues of objectification of animal characteristics by exterior due to the fact that the assessment of external forms is based on visual perception, is not devoid of a subjective approach and is subject to inaccuracies. One of the ways to solve this problem is to switch to a digital assessment of the phenotypes of interest. The article presents the results of the application of deep learning to solve the problem of automatic marking of characteristic points on a digital image of the studied objects. It was revealed that the created and trained neural network architecture as a whole demonstrated good accuracy.
The influence of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation on the development of bovine embryos in vitro
Authors: Vazirov R.A. , Makutina V.A. , Krivonogova A.S. , Isaeva A.G. , Romanova A.S.
Published: May 2024

In view of practical significance of modern electronics, the study of the impact of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) on biological systems is relevant. Electromagnetic waves influence on reproductive function, affecting gametes, embryo and fetus development. However, there is still much that needs to be learned about this topic. Not all mechanisms of EMR influence on reproductive cells and tissues are known. As part of this study, an analysis of the effect of low-intensity technogenic electromagnetic exposure on bovine embryos was carried out. The goal was to identify the possible effect of EMR on cells and embryos undergoing gene editing in vitro. The results of this study did not show a significant decrease in the level of blastocyst formation in all experimental groups of embryos. The obtained data can serve as a scientific basis for assessing the impact of non-ionizing radiation as a technogenic factor on the reproduction of agricultural livestock.