bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dew condensation during a typical haze event in Changchun, China
Authors: Xu Yingying , Luan Zhaoqing , Zhu Hui
Published: January 2019

Haze is one of the most serious environmental problems affecting China. This study monitored the changes in dew amount and quality during a haze event that occurred in 2016. Water vapor migrated continuously to the near surface during the haze event. The period of dew condensation increased because of meteorological factors, and the daily dew amount (0.178 mm) was higher during the haze event than in non-haze weather (0.0607 mm). The concentrations of all ions in the dew increased gradually during the haze event, peaking during the most serious period of the haze. The concentrations of SO42− and NH4+ reached 15,325.95 and 13,865.45 μeq/L, which were 2.24 and 10.83 times greater than those obtained before the haze event, respectively. During the haze event, the particulate matter (PM) concentrations within the dew increased, and the mass concentrations of PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 during the worst haze event were 65.3 and 166.1 mg/L, respectively. The dew mainly removed coarse PM; the average removal rates of PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 during the haze event were 13.6% and 16.9%, respectively. Dew can capture PM throughout a haze event, and its purifying effect on the underlying surface was obvious, especially during the beginning of the event.
Balanced scorecard model for water utilities in Egypt
Authors: Abdelghany Mohamed , Abdel-Monem Mohamed
Published: January 2019

Water utilities in Egypt are facing difficulties in managing the numerous indicators generated from the different departments. The increasing number of indicators and factors cause distraction and difficulties to interpreting the causes of problems, time wasting in analyzing redundant and unnecessary information, and delays in taking effective decisions. The BSC (Balanced Score Cards) technique has been utilized by many international utilities as the most inﬂuential multidimensional performance management system worldwide. This paper developed a new BSC model in cooperation with experts and managers to help decision makers managing water utilities' performance efficiently. The proposed model is based on the Egyptian Water and Wastewater Regulatory Agency performance indicators. In addition, new indicators have been developed to integrate all indicators that might affect overall utility performance. The proposed model will provide the utilities' managers with a fast but comprehensive view of the utility's performance. It also can be used by the regulatory agency as an evaluation and ranking tool for different water providers on the national level.
Passive sampling of polar emerging contaminants in Irish catchments
Authors: Jones Lisa , Ronan Jenny , McHugh Brendan , Regan Fiona
Published: January 2019

Passive sampling (PS) is a very useful approach for the monitoring of emerging contaminants in environmental matrices, showing greater sensitivity than can be achieved by current best practice – grab sampling – and is applicable to a wide variety of compounds. An EU Directive (2013/39/EC) has added substances to the existing Water Framework Directive (WFD) Priority Substance list. Investigation into PS in the monitoring of these compounds is necessary to show the potential of this technique in supporting monitoring requirements under the WFD. A catchment-based approach evaluated the occurrence of these compounds in Irish surface waters. This work deals with the challenges associated with the use of PS in a legislative context, and for routine monitoring of emerging contaminants. Looking at a number of sites across Ireland, upstream and downstream of wastewater treatment plants, the focus was on polar analytes and polar PS (POCIS). With method limits of detection (LODs) of 0.001 mg L−1 pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) were found in water and passive samples alike, whereas the polar pesticides were not often detected or were below the annual average environmental quality standard levels. The results of this study show the potential for PS as a monitoring technique for emerging and watch-list chemicals.
Efficacy and Safety of Nilutamide in Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer who Underwent Orchiectomy: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis
Authors: Rashid Muhammed , Shamshavali K. , Chhabra Manik
Published: January 2019

Background:

Prostate cancer is the sixth leading cause of death, among all cancer deaths By 2030, this burden is expected to increase with 1.7 million new cases and 499,000 new deaths. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Nilutamide in metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) patients who underwent orchiectomy.

Methods:

A comprehensive search was conducted in the Medline/PubMed and Cochrane Library. References from included studies and studies from clinicaltrials.gov were explored without language and date restrictions. We included only randomized controlled trials, comparing the safety and efficacy of Nilutamide in Metastatic Prostate Cancer (mPCa) patients who underwent orchiectomy with placebo. The outcomes of concerns were survival and the response of drug and safety.. Quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Two authors were independently involved in the study selection, data extraction and quality assessment. Disagreements between the two reviewers were resolved by consulting a third reviewer.

Results:

A total of five out of 244 studies were included in meta-analysis involving1637 participants. Nilutamide group showed improved response rate (RR=1.77, 95%CI 1.46-2.14, p<0.00001), disease progression (RR=0.59, 95%CI 0.47-0.73, p<0.00001), complete response (RR=2.13, 95%CI 1.40-3.23, p=0.003) and clinical benefit (RR=1.23, 95%CI 1.13-1.34, p<0.00001) when compared to placebo; however, stable disease favored the control group (RR=0.80, 95%CI 0.68-0.94, p=0.007). In addition, patients on Nilutamide showed prolonged progression-free survival and overall survival. Nausea and vomiting were the most common adverse events reported in Nilutamide group.

Conclusion:

Evidence suggests that patients with mPCa who underwent orchiectomy receiving Nilutamide showed significant improvement in progression-free survival and overall survival response rate and clinical benefits in comparison with the placebo group.
The Effect of Methylphenidate on Reed Scaling in Benzodiazepine Poisoning: A Prospective Trial
Authors: Latifi-Pour Masoud , Hassanian-Moghaddam Hossein , Mortazavi Helya-Sadat , Shadnia Shahin , Zamani Nasim , Rahimi Mitra
Published: January 2019

Background:

Benzodiazepine is one of the most important causes of substance abuse
and intoxication throughout the world and Iran.

Objective:

The aim of our study is to determine the role of stimulants in reversing CNS level in
acute Benzodiazepine poisoning patients who were hospitalized at referral poison center.

Methods:

This was a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial study on 32 cases with pure
acute Benzodiazepine poisoning from March 2016 to February 2017. Diagnosis of pure acute poisoning
was based on history, and laboratory confirmation. We gathered the demographics, clinical
data, laboratory data, hospitalization and outcome. Participants were randomized into two groups:
Methylphenidate Group (MPH) and Placebo Group (PBO).

Results:

The randomized sample consisted of 32 participants who were predominately female
(83%). The majority of the PBO group and the MPH group reported improvement in their consciousness
with a significant difference between the two groups (p = .005). Paired sample t-test
analyses on Reed Scale data revealed an increase in the probability of improvement during the trial
for the MPH group compared to the PBO group. Furthermore, the HCo3 (bicarbonate) level has a
significant p-value with respect to age groups (p = .02). None of our cases required either the ICU
facility or intubation.

Conclusion:

Our study provided the MPH superiority over PBO in reversing CNS symptoms in loss
of consciousness in acute BZD poisoned patients. Thus, this trial provides concrete evidence that
improvement in consciousness levels (Reed Scale rated) among those patients receiving MPH was
associated with a methylphenidate use.
Directed Search of Anti-inflammatory Agents Among (3HQuinazoline- 4-ylidene)hydrazides of N-protected Amino acids and their Heterocyclization Products
Authors: Martynenko Yulya , Antypenko Oleksii , Nosulenko Inna , Berest Galina , Kovalenko Sergii
Published: January 2019

Background:

(Quinazoline-4-ylidene)hydrazides are valued intermediates in modern organic chemistry, as they are commonly used for the synthesis of substituted [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazolines.

Objective:

Unknown N-acyl-2-([1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline-2-yl)-alkyl-(alkaryl-, aryl-) amines were synthesized and evaluated for anti-inflammatory potential.

Methods:

The peculiarities of the synthesized compounds structures were studied by IR-, NMR spectroscopy and chromatography-mass spectrometry and were discussed in detail. Probable molecular mechanisms of activity (inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2) were predicted due to molecular docking. Anti-inflammatory activity of synthesized compounds was determined by their ability to reduce the formalin-induced paw edema in rats. Diclofenac sodium was used as reference drug.

Results:

In this study, the synthesis of N-acetyl-(benzoyl)-2-([1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazolinе- 2-yl)alkyl-(aralkyl-, aryl-)amines, using (3H-quinazoline-4-ylidene)hydrazides of Nprotected amino acids or 4-hydrazinoquinazoline and N-prorotected amino acids as starting compounds was developed. It was established that the reaction of (3H-quinazoline-4- ylidene)hydrazides of Boc-amino acids occurred with the formation of N-acetyl-substituted triazoloquinazolines. High anti-inflammatory activity was detected for unknown (3Hquinazoline- 4-ylidene)hydrazides Boc-amino acids (1.13-1.15) and N-acetyl-(benzoyl)-2- ([1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline-2-yl-)aralkyl-(aryl-)amines (3.2, 3.3, 3.11, 3.12), using the experimental formalin test.

Conclusion:

The conducted SAR-analysis allowed to detect critical fragments. Namely, the Boc-aminoaralkyl-(aryl-)acid residue in (3H-quinazoline-4-ylidene)hydrazides (1.13- 1.15), benzyl and phenyl linker groups in N-acetyl-(benzoyl)-2-([1,2,4]triazolo[1,5- c]quinazoline-2-yl-)aralkyl-(aryl-) amines (3.2, 3.3, 3.11, 3.12) are believed to be substantial for anti-inflammatory activity.
Santo Tomás de Aquino vs. Bacon. Una reflexión antropológica sobre la esperanza teologal y su degradación en confianza.
Authors: González Suárez Lucero
Published: January 2019

This paper is a philosophical meditation, whose purpose is to question the metaphysical and anthropological principles on which the Baconian project of renouncing to study effcient and final causes is based, favoring the mechanical explanation of natural movements. It intends to show that mastering modern techniques involves negating the idea of nature as a theological order –manifested by classical metaphysics, St. Thomas Aquinas being one of his most important inheritors–; and that negating this order causes the degradation of theological hope, with a blind confdence of the possibility of extending human power in an unlimited manner.
La otredad tiene rostro de mujer.
Authors: Herrera Durán María José
Published: January 2019

This paper aims to relate the philosophical concept of otherness to women and make a correlation between both, through an analysis and a conceptual re?ection, by integrating gender theories as well as the foundations that highlight how a woman is perceived and positioned within society. Likewise, in order to exemplify and concretize the analysis, the literature, which is read and analyzed under a feminist perspective, is used.
50 años de Medellín: los “ires” y “venires” de la catequesis de signo liberador.
Authors: Marín Tamayo John Jairo
Published: January 2019

Liberating catechesis is undoubtedly one of the most important fruits of the Second Conference of the Latin American Episcopate celebrated in Medellin 50 years ago. The catechetical paradigm that emerged there revolutionized the way of understanding and doing catechesis in the continent, from a rationalistic, deductive, and mnemonic catechesis that sought the memorization and mechanical repetition of catechism content to a “situational/liberating catechesis centred n Revelation and man, where historical situations and authentically human aspirations became part of the catechesis content, and therefore, must be interpreted in present-day context, in the light of the life experiences of the Peoples of Israel, Christ, and the ecclesial community” (Medellín VIII, 6). This paper gives an account of this transformation, of the liberating paradigm characteristics, of the place occupied by catechism in that paradigm, and the almost thorough disappearance of the liberating catechesis from the offcial Latin American Church discourse.
Periodismo de opinión y discurso de género: análisis comparativo de las columnas de El País Semanal (El País) y Magazine (La Vanguardia)
Authors: Vargas Carrillo María Soledad
Published: January 2019

En este artículo, se presentan los principales resultados de un estudio (mixto) cuantitativo y cualitativo sobre la escritura de columnistas españoles (de revistas dominicales). Partiendo de los siguientes supuestos: en primer lugar, pensamos que entre los columnistas mujeres y hombres podrían existir diferentes temáticas, relacionadas con el referente al que cada uno alude en razón del género del autor. En segundo lugar, por esto mismo, pertenencia a un género u otro, existirían entre los columnistas mujeres y hombres diferencias estilísticas, con objetivos y fines diferentes para ellos y ellas.

       Así, el objetivo de esta investigación fue caracterizar el discurso periodístico de columnistas mujeres y hombres, con el fin de encontrar rasgos singulares de cada grupo y también, ver si existen diferencias o similitudes, tanto a nivel temático (asuntos tratados por unos y por otros) como en relación al discurso estilístico (figuras retóricas que emplean ellas y ellos, y la finalidad de su utilización). Este se pudo alcanzar tras un estudio interdisciplinario entre el periodismo y la literatura con perspectiva de género.

 
El chisme: estrategias discursivas desplegadas en su construcción
Authors: López Rodríguez Fabiola Esmeralda
Published: January 2019

El chisme, como género discursivo, conlleva una actividad semántica compleja estructurada y motivada por necesidades interpersonales. En esta investigación se analiza, mediante las herramientas del análisis de la conversación casual y de la teoría de la valoración, cuáles son las estrategias discursivas que los participantes despliegan para construir un chisme. La recolección del corpus se hizo en el contexto de una red personal de un ama de casa de clase media de la zona metropolitana de Guadalajara —particularmente sus relaciones vecinales. Los resultados permiten distinguir al menos cuatro componentes básicos que se alternan continuamente: enfoque en la tercera persona, exposición del comportamiento probatorio, emisión de comentarios valorativos y empleo de elementos interactivos. Todas las estrategias analizadas se agrupan en torno a estos componentes y están mediadas por el deseo de cuidar la imagen personal.
Metal ions as antibacterial agents
Authors: Mittapally Sirisha , Taranum Ruheena , Parveen Sumaiya
Published: January 2019

Metals like mercury, arsenic, copper and silver have been used in various forms as antimicrobials for thousands of years. The use of metals in treatment was mentioned in Ebers Papyrus (1500BC); i.e, copper to decrease inflammation & iron to overcome anemia. Copper has been registered at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as the earliest solid antimicrobial material. Copper is used for the treatment of different E. coli, MRSA, Pseudomonas infections. Advantage of use of silver is it has low toxicity to human’s cells than bacteria.It is less susceptible to gram +ve bacteria than gram –bacteria due to its thicker cell wall. Zinc is found to be active against Streptococcus pneumonia, Campylobacter jejuni. Silver & zinc act against vibrio cholera & enterotoxic E. coli. The use of metals as antibacterial got reduce with discovery of antibiotics in twentieth century, immediately after that antibiotic resistance was seen due to transfer of antibiotic resistance genes by plasmids also known as Resistance Transfer Factors or R-factors. Metal complexes are used to show synergistic activity against bacteria’s like copper & chlorhexidine on dental plaque bacteria, silver nanoparticles & cephalexin against E. coli & S. aureus.

Keywords: Metals, Oligodynamic effect, Copper, Silver
Immunotherapeutic modification of Escherichia coli peritonitis and bacteremia by Iris kashmiriana baker
Authors: Wagay Javeed Iqbal , Jain Kirti
Published: January 2019

A larger number of medicinal plants and their purified constituents have been shown beneficial therapeutic potentials. We present here the protective effects of an Indian medicinal plant Iris Kashmiriana as compared to Ofloxacin in E. coli induced peritonitis. Iris Kashmiriana is one of an important member of family Iridaceae, locally known as Mazarmund in Kashmir. The plant has been widely used in traditional medicine and modern clinical preparations to treat cold, flu, malaria, toothache, cancer, bacterial, viral infections and bruise. Rats were pre-treated with 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg/bwt dose for 3 days and fourth day with E. coli (1×108 CFU/ml) strain and consecutively 3 days treatment. Mortality was monitored for 14 days. After the death of rats or completion of the experiment rats were sacrifice and kidney were used for our protocol. Colonies were count and statically analysis was done. Results showed dose dependent anti-microbial activity. Pretreatment of mice with Iris Kashmiriana improved bacterial clearance as well as improved phagocytic and intracellular bactericidal capacities of neutrophils. In the Ofloxacin treated mice although bacterial clearance was rapid, polymorph phagocytosis was depressed. Thus the results, obtained justify the traditional use of Iris Kashmiriana.

Keywords: Iris kashmiriana, E. coli induced peritonitis, Neutrophils, Ofloxacin.
Extraction, Qualitative and Quantitative Determination of Secondary Metabolites of Rumex Nepalensis Roots
Authors: Khan Azher Nawaz , Bhat Irm
Published: January 2019

In the Indian ayurvedic system of medicine, Rumex nepalensis Spreng. (Polygonaceae) commonly known as Nepal Dock has wide-spectrum therapeutic potencies and is extensively used for centuries in traditional medicine systems. They act as a possible food supplement and are largely used in pharmaceutical industry. Extracts and metabolites from this plant exhibits pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, insecticidal, purgative, analesic, antipyretic, anti-algal, central nervous system depressant, genotoxic, wound healing and skeletal muscle relaxant activity. Due to its remarkable biological activities, it has the potential to act as a rich source of drug against life threatening diseases. The aim of the present study is to examine Rumex nepalensis roots for phytochemical profile. Qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents and quantitative analysis of total phenolics and flavonoids were determined by the well-known test protocol available in the literature. Quantitative analysis of phenolic and flavonoids was carried out by Folins Ciocalteau reagent method and aluminium chloride method respectively. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, fixed oil and fats. The total phenolics content of roots ethanolic extract was (1.658 mg/100mg), followed by flavonoids (1.048mg/100mg). The present study concluded that the crude extract of Rumex nepalensis is a potential source of various activates and this justifies its use in folkloric medicine.

Keywords: Rumex nepalensis, Qualitative analysis, Quantitative analysis, TPC, TFC, Folins Ciocalteau
In Vitro Clot Dissolving Activity of Carbomer Based Gel Containing Ethanolic Extract of Calotropis Gigantea Leaves
Authors: Alawa Prerna , Tenguria Mayank , Nilofey Vijayshree
Published: January 2019

Blood clotting is an important and vital process that takes places in humans, animals and birds. At the same time blood clots sometimes considered an issue when developed in the circulatory system due to failure of hemostasis causes vascular blockage and leads to serious consequences in thrombolytic diseases such as acute myocardial or cerebral infarction which may cause death. Certain substances like Alteplase, anistreplase, streptokinase, urokinase, tissue plasminogen activator, Heparin and Aspirin are used as clot dissolving agents. Plants have also been proved to perform such activity. Calotropis gigantea L. is a traditional medicinal plant with several pharmacological properties belongs to the family Apocyanaceae of Asclepiadaceous was investigated for its efficacy for blood clot dissolving activity under in vitro conditions when incorporated into carbomer based gels. The ethanolic extract of the leaves of C. gigantea was prepare by soxhlation which upon analysis reported to contain alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and saponins as usual components as were reported in earlier investigations. There were 3 gels with ethanolic leaf extract C. gigantea with 1 mg, 0.5 mg and 0.25 mg per gram of 1% Carbopol-940 gel containing methyl paraben, glycerol and water. The two gels containing sterile distilled water and 0.1 mg per gram gel streptokinase enzyme served as –ve and positive controls respectively. The in vitro thrombolytic of clot dissolving activity war performed on goat blood collected from slaughter houses. From the results the percentage clot dissolving activity of gels containing 1 mg, 0.5 mg and 0.25 mg C. gigantea extract per gram were reported as 34%, 27% and 14% respectively considered significant when compared to the activity of standard streptokinase in the gel. The activity of these experimental gels describes the possibility of development of new safe, and non reactive topical anti-clot gel products using herbal or plant components like C. gigantea extracts.

Keywords: Calotropis gigantea L, Streptokinase, Thrombolytic activity, Carbopol gel, Biopharmaceutical.
Formulation and in-vitro evaluation of Glipizide (Anti diabetic drug) Liposphere
Authors: Saini Sarika , Mittal Aman
Published: January 2019

Objective- The aim of the present study was to formulate and in- vitro study of glipizide liposphere by using melt dispersion technique.

Methods- Glipizide Liposphere system composed of paraffin wax, Stearic acid as lipid phase and sodium lauryl sulphate as surfactant. Glipizide lipospheres were prepared by using melt dispersion technique. Formulation of Glipizide was evaluated such as organoleptic properties, particle size, drug content, entrapment efficiency in-vitro study and stability of the lipospheres.

Result- The formation of glipizide lipospheres by using melt dispersion technique was done successfully. All the formulations have off- white in colour, characteristic odour and spherical shape. The formulation A4 has particle size 19.65 μm, drug content 84.93 %, entrapment efficiency 80.75 % and the percentage drug release was carried out by using USP type 2 dissolution apparatus in 6.8 pH phosphate buffer solution and drug release of glipizide lipospheres within 12 hrs was found to be 74.06 %.stability study of glipizide lipospheres revealed that the formulation was stable at 5oC ± 3oC.

Keywords- Lipospheres, Glipizide, Paraffin wax, Melt dispersion method, Dissolution Apparatus, Stability study
Wound healing prospective of pongamia glabra, piper nigrum and momordica charantia on albino rats using anemic burn wound model
Authors: Shukla Rashmi , Kashaw Varsha
Published: January 2019

Objective: The objective of present work was to evaluate wound healing potential of pongamia glabra, piper nigrum and momordica charantia using as herbal ointment formulation on albino rats using burn wound model.  All the plant has the rich source of alkaloid, glycoside, tannins, carbohydrates, saponins, flavonoids, proteins and amino acids content and were used as anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anti-malarial and having wound healing potential. Materials and Methods: Extract of all three plants has been separated by the Soxhlet extraction. Herbal ointment formulation has been prepared by mixing the extract of momordica charantia, pongamia glabra and piper nigrum with the wool fat and paraffin. Burn wound model has been utilized for the evaluation of wound healing potential. Histopathological evaluation has been also carried-out for the physical verification wound healing potential. Results and Conclusion: The studies on burn wound healing model reveals that all twelve groups showed decreased wound area on the time and there was no mortality observed in the course of study. Discussion: These studies have indicated that herbal ointment formulation of pongamia glabra, piper nigrum and momordica charantia has been utilized for wound healing and it is safer for topical application. No toxicity and mortality have been observed during the experimental tenure. 

Keywords: Wound healing, momordica charantia, pongamia glabra, piper nigrum, burn wound model
Molecular Modeling of Cathepsin B protein in different Leishmania strains
Authors: Mahato Jayprakash
Published: January 2019

Cathepsin B like cysteine proteases representing a major component of the lysosomal proteolytic repertoire plays an important role in intracellular protein degradation. Comparative models of cathepsin B (CatB) protein of six different Leishmania strains were developed using MODELLER. The modeled three-dimensional (3-D) structure has the correct stereochemistry as gauged from the Ramachandran plot and good 3-D structure compatibility as assessed by PROCHECK and the DOPE score (DS2.1, Accelrys). The modeled proteins were energy minimized and validated using standard dynamic cascade protocol (DS 2.1). Seven different disulfide bonding sites are predicted in CatB protein of Leishmania. Two domains were identified and different motifs are present in catB protein of Leishmania like aspargine glycosylation site, protein kinase phosphorylation site, Protein kinase C activation site, N-myristoylation site. Considering that cathepsin B is essential for survival of Leishmania, including for virulence to the mammalian host, it may be viewed as an attractive drug target.

Keyword: Molecular Modelling, Leishmania, Discover Studio, Protein Binding.
Formulation and characterization of choline fenofibrate sustained release capsule
Authors: Jain Nidhi , Jain Rohit , Dangi Surendra
Published: January 2019

The drug ABT-335 (Fenofibricacid ) choline fenofibrate found to be useful in the treatment of dyslipidemia as compare with other fibrate. So the present investigation to developed mini-tablets to overcome the dose dumping problem by regular shape, uniformity, smooth surface excellent size and encapsulated in capsule to improve the efficacy and bioavailability of the drug. Different formulations were developed by utilizingcontrolling of the release rate and gel forming polymers like microcrystalline cellulose, hypromellose by dry granulation technique. Among all formulation SRM-3 having the drug release for longer period of time as compare to other formulation. SRM-3 was found to be stable during stability study for one month.

Keywords: ABT-335 (Fenofibric acid) choline fenofibrate, like microcrystalline cellulose, hypromellose, sustained release matrix tablet.
Microparticulate hot melt pallets technology: a review
Authors: Kokate Shekhar , Rachh Punit R
Published: January 2019

Recent advances in novel drug delivery (NDDS) aims to enhance safety and efficacy of drug molecule by formulating a convenient dosage form for ease of administration and to achieve better patient compliance. Depending upon functionality, it is possible to design different dosages forms which fulfill the therapeutic needs of the patient with improved bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs, taste masking and preparation of oral dispersible tablets, MUPS and multiple unit formulations. The hot-melt technology is one of the most commonly used method,  is devoid of solvent use, solvent disposal, solvent evaporation and solvent treatment is not required.

Keywords: Multiple Unit Pallet Systems, Lipid, Solubility, Hot-Melt Technology, Bioavailability, Absorption of Drug.
Comparative analysis of different identification techniques for detection of mycobacterial species in clinical samples
Authors: Umrao Jyoti , Sivaperumal R
Published: January 2019

Out of 906 cultures isolates, 263 (29.0%) were confirmed as NTM and 724 (71.0%) were identified as Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. The diversity of NTM species was high and predominated by Mycobacterium abscessus (31.3%) followed by M. fortuitum (22%), M. intracellulare (13.6%), M. chelonae (9.1%), however, M. abscessus and M. fortuitum were the predominant species in both types of clinical isolates. Men (60.4%) and older patients aged greater than 55 years were the predominated risk group for NTM infection. Additionally, three HIV/AIDS cases (1.1%), as well as thirty five cases were found to be type two diabetes mellitus infected with non-tuberculous bacteria.

Keywords: NTM, Technique, BacT/Alert, Biochemical Test, Tuberculosis.
Formulation development and evaluation of medroxyprogesterone acetate injectable suspension
Authors: Sunitha Reddy M. , Samatha B.
Published: January 2019

The aim of the present work is to develop sustained release parenteral drug delivery system of contraceptive drug i., e medroxyprogesterone acetate. The formulation was prepared by sterile combining of API and excipient powders by rapid stirring method. Different excipients used in the formulation are PEG 3350, Poloxamer -188, Polysorbate-80, Benzyl alcohol and Sodium chloride. The prepared parenteral suspension was evaluated for all official parameters like sedimentation volume, measurement of zeta potential, pH, viscosity, osmolality, dissolution, assay, particle size determination, and stability studies. The dissolution profile was found to be more when compared with the innovator formulation. Stability studies were also conducted at 25ºC / 60% RH and 40ºC / 75% RH conditions up to 3M.All the parameters evaluated are within the specified limits.

Keywords: Medroxy progesterone acetate, PEG 3350, Poloxamer-188, injectable suspension.
Expository aspect for action of Ksharaplota
Authors: Shekokar Anantkumar V. , Ukhalkar Vijay P.
Published: January 2019

Kshara Karma or chemical cauterization described in Ayurveda as one of the Anushastras (Minimum Assess Surgery). It is considered superior in all types of Anushstra due to its efficacy in conditions where all other measures failed to cure diseases or surgical interventions. Healing of wounds and cuts is a very difficult if wound or cuts becomes worse and turned to Dushta Varna due to negligence and the inappropriate approaches of treatment. However wound healing is a natural defense mechanism of body but in complicated and severe cases there are need of therapeutic practices toboost healing mechanism of body. Father of Indian surgery Sushruta mentioned use of dressing materials such as; Pichu, Plota, Kawalika and Vikeshika for the management of Dushta Vrana, Plota used to clean & covers the Vrana very deeply and helps to removes debris of wounds effectively. Considering these all facts present article emphasized mode of action of Ksharaplota (Alkaline Medicated Gauze) for exploring its surgical significance with logical interventions.

Keywords: VranaShodhana, VranaRopana, DushtaVrana, Action of Ksharaplota, Alkaline Medicated Gauze.
Formulation and evaluation of prazosin hydrochloride loaded solid lipid nanoparticles
Authors: Bandgar Sandip Akaram , Dhavale Pranali , Patil Pravin , Shelake Sardar , Patil Shitalkumar
Published: January 2019

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) are rapidly developing field of nanotechnology with several potential application in drug delivery and research. Drugs having low aqueous solubility not only give low oral bioavailability but provide high inter-and intra subject variability. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the bioavailability enhancement of Prazosin Hydrochloride drug by formulating solid lipid nanoparticle. Prazosin Hydrochloride Drug is an antihypertensive drug with limited bioavailability so that solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) is one of the approaches to improve bioavailability. SLN were prepared using glyceryl monostearate by hot homogenization followed by Solvent emulsification-ultrasonication. Prazosin Hydrochloride loaded SLN were characterized and optimized by parameters like particle size, zeta potential, XRD, DSC. Proposing Hydrochloride loaded SLN having the particle size 263.8±1.88 and entrapment efficiency 89.29±0.65% shows better bioavailability and optimum stability in studies. The SLN studies prepared using glyceryl mono stearate   as a lipid and Polaxamer 407 as a polymer leads to improve bioavailability of the drug.

Keywords: Prazosin Hydrochloride, Solid Lipid Nanoparticles, Entrapment efficiency, DSC
Phytochemical screening of Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. treated with seaweed liquid fertilizer
Authors: Niranjanadevi M. , Sivakumar K.
Published: January 2019

Premise of the study: The objective of the work is to manitor the phytochemicals present in methanolic extract of Lycopersicum esculentum after treatment with different concentrations of seaweed liquid fertilizer (SLF). Methods: In this study SLF treated L.esculentum were characterized through gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy to identify the phytochemicals constituents and functional groups of the compounds. Results: Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, carbohydrates, saponins, glycosides, flavonoids, terpinoids. Among the thirty nine phytochemical constituents octa decanoic acid, stigmasterol, hexa decanoic acid and Vitamin E are relatively present in higher yield. The active phytochemical compounds and their constituents were identified with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The retention time, percentage of area, molecular weight and chemical formula of phytochemical compounds were determined with help of NIST08 and WILEY8 libraries. The functional groups identified from the spectrum techniques are alcohol, aldehyde, iso cyanides, alkyl compound and chloro compounds. Accordingly hexadecanic acid, beta.-amyrin, gamma sisterol, octodecanic acid, phytol, stigmasterol, vitamin E, lupeol were derived from SLF treated i.e. compared to control plants. Conclusion: The results of this study offer a platform of using SLF treated L.esculentum has an alternative source for various biological studies and it can be used as functional and pharmaceutical purposes.

Keywords: SLF, Lycopersicum esculentum, Phytochemical, GC-MS and FTIR
Biomedical Nanomaterials: A Short Insight of Applications
Authors: Singh Gurpreet , Bedi Preet Mohinder Singh , Faruk Abdul
Published: January 2019

Nanotechnology is rapidly expanding area in the field of science that helps us to manipulate matter at the atomic and molecular level thus having varied and new properties with huge potential. It is the study of extremely small particles ranging from 1-1000 nm. This small size imparts the nanoscale devices their applications in medicine and physiology while permitting them to interact with cells and tissues at subcellular level, with bioreceptors on both the surface and inside of cell membrane thus providing a high degree of functional specificity to the systems. Nanodevices in medicine involves applications of nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, dendrimers, nanotubes, inorganic nanoparticles, nanocrystals and quantam dots which are currently under development as well as constitute the major part of  longer range research. Improvement in drug solubility, high drug loading capacity, ease of surface modification, increase in blood circulation time, controlled release and highly site-specific targeted delivery are the advantages responsible for such wide applications of these nanomaterials. The applications include drug and gene delivery to specific site, delivery and detection of specific proteins, biological imaging and biosensors, DNA probing, tissue engineering, pathogens and tumor detection. This article has made an attempt to cover the few insights of nanotechnology as an interesting approach and illustrates various nanosystems along with their advantages, applications and well approved commercially available products.

Keywords: Polymeric micelles, Dendrimers, Nanotubes, Inorganic nanoparticles, Nanocrystals and Quantam dots
A General View of the Role of Specific nutrients in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Maralla Swaroopa. , Bharathi D
Published: January 2019

Nearly, 15.3 million people are estimated to die from cardiovascular diseases every year; and this represents one-third of all global deaths from all causes. Lifestyle factors, including nutrition, play an important role in the etiology of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). A high intake of dietary fats strongly influences the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Diet offers incredible opportunities for prevention of cardiovascular disease. Dietary patterns are useful for reducing CVD risk factors, and some have also shown a favourable effect on plaque regression and CVD mortality. Thus, every patient need to adopt a dietary approach that conforms to his or her personal preferences; however, implementing relevant and successful dietary changes is the greatest challenge for preventive cardiovascular medicine.

Keywords: Dietary Patterns, Cardiovascular Disease, Risk Factors, Mortality and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine.
Oral dissolving film: present and future aspects
Authors: Kaur Prabhjot , Garg Rajeev
Published: January 2019

Over the past few decades, tendency toward innovative drug delivery systems has almightily increased attempts to ensure efficacy, safety and patient acceptability. As discovery and development of new chemical agents is a complex, expensive and time consuming process, so recent trends are shifting toward designing and developing innovative drug delivery systems for existing drugs. Orally fast dissolving film is the kind of drug delivery system which when placed in the oral cavity, disintegrate or dissolve within a few seconds without the intake of water. Oral fast dissolving film is relatively new dosage form in which thin film is prepared using hydrophilic polymers, which rapidly disintegrate or dissolves on tongue or in the buccal cavity It is an alternative platform for molecules that undergoes high first pass metabolism. The method of preparation for oral dissolving film. Solvent casting, Semisolid casting, Hot melt extrusion, Solid dispersion extrusion, Rolling The current evaluation gives an account of different formulations methods of preparation and quality control of the fast dissolving oral thin film.

Keyword:  First pass metabolism, Tensile strength,  Fast Dissolving Oral Film etc.
Formulation and development of vaginal films of poorly water soluble drug, metronidazole, using mixed solvency concept and their evaluations
Authors: Gahlot Neha , Maheshwari Rajesh Kumar
Published: January 2019

Aim: To deliver antibacterial therapy in an efficacious way, film dosage form has been proposed for drug delivery in vagina which can overcome bioavailability issues of poorly water soluble drugs. The present research work is aimed to explore the application of mixed solvency concept to increase solubility of poorly water soluble drug, metronidazole. Materials and Methods: Metronidazole, a slightly soluble drug in water was tried to be solubilized by employing the combination of solubilizers like niacinamide, sodium benzoate, sodium caprylate, caffeine and urea to endeavour its fast dissolving film formulations. The procured sample of drug was characterized by UV, IR and DSC studies. The formulations were evaluated for various properties of film such as thickness, folding endurance, surface pH, disintegration time and thin layer chromatography. Stability studies of vaginal films of metronidazole were performed for ten weeks at room temperature, and refrigerated conditions. Results and Discussion: It was found that 97.54% and 97.58% of drug was remaining after stability study at respective temperatures in batch F1 and 98.53% and 96.57% in batch F4.Conclusion: It was concluded that the approach of mixed solvency concept is novel, safe, cost-effective and user friendly. It also eliminates the problem of toxicity associated with high concentration of water-soluble solubilizers. So, it may be employed in dosage form development of drugs with poor solubility to overcome bioavailability issues.

Keywords: Solubility, metronidazole, vaginal films, mixed solvency concept.
SURGEON PETER FYODOROVICH FEDOROV
Authors: Chepik G. S. , Grebnev G. A. , Karpova T. N. , Soldatov I. K.
Published: January 2019

The article presents the scientific, pedagogical and medical activities of the graduate of the Gatchina Nikolaevsky Orphan Institute and the Imperial Military Medical Academy (IMMA), surgeon privat-docent dentist Peter Fedorovich Fedorov, who worked in the IMMA for 22 years. It should be noted that the name of privat-docent P F. Fedorov was undeservedly forgotten. Only in the early 2000s, at the initiative of the staff of the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, P F. Prokvatilov, D. Yu. Madaya, V F. Chernysha, G. S. Chepik, the articles about privat-docent P F. Fedorov began to publish in the collections of scientific conferences. P. F. Fedorov was a strong and consistent supporter of creating odontology department and clinic in IMMA for training of specialists with higher medical education who can treat dental diseases, diseases of oral organs and maxillofacial area. Long-term scientific, pedagogical and medical work of privatdocent P. F. Fedorov within the IMMA, his efforts and persistance in creating the department and clinic, make it possible to consider him the truly founder of domestic military odontology, and 1891 was defined the date of official recognition of military dentistry as an independent clinical discipline,, when, by the decision of the Conference, a private health center on dental diseases was opened in IMMA and a competition for a vacant position was announced. November 28, 1892, when the Conference of the IMMA approved the «Program of training in dental diseases», compiled by the assistant professor P. F. Fedorov, he began to give his lectures to students of the academy and military doctors. In 2007, a group of authors (G. A. Prokhvkilov, V. F. Chernysh, G. S. Chepik) published the monograph «P. F. Fedorov — the founder of domestic military dentistry « that was reissued in 2009 with the assistance of the Head of the Medical Service of the Russian Navy, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Colonel of the Medical Service, Professor V.K. Sementsov under the name «Privat-docent P. F. Fedorov» (Strokes to the portrait). February 5, 2008, by the decision of the Head of the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Dentistry, Colonel of Medical Service, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Honored Doctor of Russia, Professor G. I. Prkhvilov, a portrait of privat-docent for dental diseases IVMA P. F. Fedorov, written by a member of the Union of Artists of Russia A. A. Odeynikom was placed in the conference hall of the department.
A FILOSOFIA NAGÔ E A TEMPORALIDADE DA VERTIGEM
Authors: Dantas Luis Thiago Freire
Published: January 2019

O conceito de tempo é uma das formas primordiais para entender como a atividade filosófica acontece em diferentes culturas. Assim, este artigo analisa como a temporalidade é interpretada pela Fenomenologia e pela Filosofia Nagô por meio de uma dialogia através dos esquemas intencionais da consciência fenomenológica e do jogo de posições circuladas por Èṣú. A partir dessa circulação em Èṣù serão apresentadas as implicações filosóficas sobre a temporalidade que caracterizam a Filosofia Nagô.

Palavras-chave: Èṣú; Filosofia Nagô; Fenomenologia; Temporalidade.
Memórias de devoção e saberes ancestrais afrodiaspóricos: A Irmandade de São Benedito da Casa Verde, São Paulo (SP)
Authors: Garcia dos Santos Bruno , Magno Azevedo Amailton
Published: January 2019

Mesmo diante do violento processo de desterritorialização vivido pelas inúmeras comunidades africanas no contexto da dominação colonial europeia, práticas e saberes ancestrais foram ressignificados e reelaborados de forma a impregnar o tecido social das culturas negras das Américas. Nesta perspectiva, este artigo insere-se em um conjunto de reflexões que visam exaltar a importância da preservação de memórias afrodiaspóricas no Brasil. Para tanto, particulariza-se um território negro no município de São Paulo, o bairro da Casa Verde na zona norte da cidade. Com base na História oral e na pesquisa de campo, o objetivo central da presente pesquisa é sugerir possíveis traduções acerca da presença e permanência de ancestralidades negro-africanas na urbe paulistana a partir das narrativas compartilhadas e dos trabalhos de memória de Lucinda de Oliveira Marcelino. A colaboradora/narradora é filha de uma das fundadoras da Irmandade de São Benedito da Casa Verde, inaugurada em 1941. O acesso às memórias reconstruídas de Dona Lucinda permitem sinalizar a presença de práticas ancestrais marcadas por cosmovisões herdadas e protagonizadas por mulheres. Tais concepções constroem identidades afirmadas que singularizam as experiências negras na metrópole, expressando valores civilizacionais e extraocidentais comunitários fundamentais à humanidade.

Palavras-chave: Casa Verde; Protagonismos femininos; Irmandades negras; Práticas ancestrais; Territórios afrodiaspóricos.
APRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: Fernandes Alexandre De Oliveira , Soares Emanoel Luís Roque , Do Nascimento Wanderson Flor
Published: January 2019

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Use of colemanite in ferronickel smelting
Authors: Keskinkilic E. , Pournaderi S. , Geveci A. , Topkaya Y.A.
Published: January 2019

Use of colemanite in metal-slag systems aims primarily to decrease the viscosity of slag and, therefore, achieve better metal-slag separation. Enhanced metal-slag separation is helpful to decrease the number of suspended metal/alloy droplets in slag, i.e. the physical losses. In the literature, successful use of colemanite was reported both in steelmaking and copper matte smelting processes. Ferronickel smelting slags contain nickel in the range of 0.1-0.2% and correspondingly, metal-slag distribution ratio values of nickel are reported even above 200. On the contrary, nickel recoveries are hard to exceed 95%. This can be mostly attributed to the physical losses of nickel due to very high slag volume in ferronickel smelters; for 1 ton of ferronickel, 10-15 tonnes of slag are generated regardless of the type of the laterite, which contains significant quantity of gangue components. The authors thought that use of colemanite could be a solution to decrease physical losses. Therefore, the use of colemanite in ferronickel smelting was investigated in the present work. Laboratory-scale smelting experiments were conducted using calcined and prereduced laterites in a vertical tube furnace under different gas atmospheres. The amount of colemanite added was in the range of 0 - 2.5% of the total charge. The experiments were also performed using ferronickel and slag samples obtained from a ferronickel smelter.