bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeted small molecule identification using heartcutting liquid chromatography–infrared ion spectroscopy
Authors: van Outersterp Rianne E. , Oosterhout Jitse , Gebhardt Christoph R. , Berden Giel , Engelke Udo F.H. , Wevers Ron A. , Cuyckens Filip , Oomens Jos , Martens Jonathan
Published: October 2022

Infrared ion spectroscopy (IRIS) can be used to identify molecular structures detected in mass spectrometry (MS) experiments and has potential applications in a wide range of analytical fields. However, MS-based approaches are often combined with orthogonal separation techniques, in many cases liquid chromatography (LC). The direct coupling of LC and IRIS is challenging due to the mismatching timescales of the two technologies: an IRIS experiment typically takes several minutes, whereas an LC fraction typically elutes in less than a minute. To resolve this discrepancy, we present a heartcutting LC-IRIS approach using a setup consisting of two switching valves and two sample loops as an alternative to direct online LC-IRIS coupling. We show that this automated setup enables us to record multiple IR spectra for two LC-features from a single injection without degrading the LC-separation performance. We demonstrate the setup for application in drug metabolism research by recording six m/z-selective IR spectra for two drug metabolites from a single 2 µl sample of cell incubation extract. Additionally, we measure the IR spectra of two closely eluting diastereomeric biomarkers for the inborn error of metabolism pyridoxine dependent epilepsy (PDE-ALDH7A1), which shows that the heartcutting LC-IRIS setup has good sensitivity (requiring ~µl injections of ~µM samples) and that the separation between closely eluting isomers is maintained. We envision applications in a range of research fields, where the identification of molecular structures detected by LC-MS is required.
Free-standing film based on dissolution and homogeneous compounding of carbon nitride for photocatalytic sterilization
Authors: Peng Xiaoxiao , Ma Jin , Yang Hong , Wu Kaiqing , Zhou Zhixin , Hong Qing , Liang Sicheng , Liu Songqin , Shen Yanfei , Zhang Yuanjian
Published: October 2022

Polymeric carbon nitride (p-CN) has attracted increasing interest as a metal-free photocatalyst in energy conversion and bacterial disinfection. However, due to its particulate and insoluble nature, compounding p-CN at the molecular level into a functional composite of high performance remains a grand challenge. Here, we report the dissolution of p-CN in polyphosphoric acid (PPA) and the homogeneous compounding with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into a free-standing film simply by co-dissolution, precipitation, and filtration. Interestingly, the as-prepared p-CN-CNTs film exhibited superior film strength than the pristine CNTs and nearly complete inactivation of E. coli and S. aureus under simulated solar irradiation with superoxide radicals as the dominant intermediates. Mechanistic studies indicated that the acidity and viscosity of PPA play crucial roles in the dissolution. The universality of this finding was supported by the further successful discovery of a new type of solvent for p-CN using task-specific ionic liquids. This work would provide a general way to address the dissolution difficulties of p-CN, and pave the prospective application of p-CN in nanocomposites at the molecular level.
Beyond Multilateral Treaty Reforms
Authors: Atagher Luter
Published: October 2022

International trade law is primarily concerned with facilitating the flow of goods and services across national borders by minimizing tariff and non-tariff barriers to trade. However, there is a nexus between international trade and the environment. First, international trade is reckoned to have destructive environmental effects. The liberalization of global trade results in increased economic activity, including industrial processes, manufacturing, innovation of new technology, and extraction of natural resources from the earth and the sea, which inevitably results in environmental externalities such as biodiversity loss, pollution, and climate change. Second, international trade law intersects environmental law whenever trade restrictive measures such as import bans, export control and border taxes are adopted by states as a means of achieving environmental goals.[1] Such measures condition market access on the fulfilment of environmental norms related to the characteristic of the product or the process of its production. The World Trade Organization (WTO) currently oversees the largest multilateral regime for international trade. WTO covered agreements expressly recognises some exceptions to trade liberalization commitments for environmental objectives, this policy space is subjected to a system of strict limitations and review procedures designed to protect the global trading system from arbitrariness and disguised restrictions on trade. This scrutinized policy space accounts for the contention that the multilateral trading system constrains environmental regulation and requires treaty reforms for the purpose of adapting to contemporary environmental concerns. Others have focused on a change of approach in the reasoning of WTO adjudicators in their review of trade-restrictive environmental measures. However, the process of multilateral negotiations for new agreements needed to effect rule change is notably complex and has been fraught with deadlocks in the last couple of decades. The stalemate over appointment of members of the Appellate Body has hampered the effective functioning of third-party adjudication in the WTO and the prospect of ‘pro-environmental’ approaches in the interpretation of WTO law on environmental measures. Meanwhile, numerous environment-related measures continue to be notified within the WTO. I argue that notwithstanding the absence of treaty reforms, international trade law continuously evolves through various formal and informal norm-generating practices by member states and trade stakeholders. Viewed through the lens of legal pluralism, these practices contest, modify and transform normative meaning in the multilateral trading system thereby creating a permissive setting for trade-restrictive environmental measures within the framework of extant international trade law.
Legal Pluralism, Transitional Justice, and Ethnic Justice Systems
Authors: Romana-Rivas Yuri Alexander
Published: October 2022

Colombian law recognizes that traditional Indigenous and Black authorities can exercise legal jurisdiction and apply their laws and traditions in their ancestral territories. Despite this legal recognition, the legal system does not operate in a way that genuinely guarantees legal pluralism. In practice, higher courts repeatedly overturn or dismiss decisions by indigenous legal authorities.

As a result of the 2016 Peace Agreement between the Colombian Government and the former guerilla of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia – The People’s Army (“FARC-EP” in Spanish), a transitional justice tribunal was established: the Special Jurisdiction for Peace (“SJP” or “the Special Jurisdiction”). The Special Jurisdiction’s main task is to investigate and try the most serious crimes committed during the armed conflict, a conflict that has disproportionately impacted racialized communities. The SJP, unlike other tribunals in Colombia, has sought to adapt its work to meet the reality of legal pluralism by: 1) negotiating protocols for inter-jurisdictional interaction between the SJP and ethnic authorities, 2) consulting with Indigenous and Black communities on the adoption of some legal instruments, and 3) having a dialogue between equals with ethnic authorities when potential jurisdictional conflicts arise. This paper seeks to analyze this interaction and how it has allowed the Special Jurisdiction, as transitional justice mechanism, to work in close cooperation with Indigenous and Black communities in Colombia. As will be discussed throughout this paper, through the lens of the legal pluralism framework, such interaction has strengthened the legitimacy and recognition of Indigenous and Black communities’ legal authorities as parallel legal orders that can operate side-by-side with the State judicial system. This, in turn, has created an important precedent that can be emulated by other court jurisdictions in Colombia and elsewhere.
Analysis of kinetics of light scattering by cell suspection during aggregation: mathematical modeling of platelet disaggregation
Authors: Pertsov O. V. , Berest V. P.
Published: October 2022

Background. Molecular mechanisms of platelet aggregation are actively studied by methods of molecular cell biology, biochemistry, applied physics, but the problem of modeling the dynamics of this process remains open. Mathematical modeling allows to establish quantitative indicators of aggregation kinetics, to analyze the results of scientific research and testing of blood samples in everyday medical practice. Known mathematical models of spontaneous reversible and irreversible platelet aggregation in a shear flow of different intensity are not suitable for analysis of data obtained by the most common laboratory method - light transmission aggregometry.

Objectives. The aim of the work was to create a mathematical model of platelet aggregation that can adequately describe the reversible cell aggregation, in particular the disaggregation of platelets in suspension.

Materials and methods. A mathematical model of induced platelet aggregation has been developed. The kinetic constants of the model were optimized by experimentally determined average platelet counts in the aggregate measured by light scattering. Kinetic curves of light scattering of platelet suspension during aggregation induced by physiological agonist ADP were obtained using a laser analyzer of platelet aggregation ALAT-2 "Biola".

Results. The proposed mathematical model is suitable for modeling reverse aggregation of platelets due to taking into account the inactivation of cells using the time dependence and correction of the disaggregation term.

Conclusions. The developed mathematical model complements the models of the dynamics of irreversible platelet aggregation and allows to analyze reversible aggregation. The model satisfactorily describes the experimental time dependences of the size of platelet aggregates obtained by light transmission aggregometry. The introduced additional parameter and the method of setting the term corresponding to inactivation have a much smaller effect on the dependences than the kinetic constants. Calculated by model and optimized according to experimental data at different temperatures rate constants allow to calculate the activation energies of the aggregation process. When using light transmission aggregometry data to optimize the model parameters, it is advised to pre-smooth the input data to remove noise caused by the inhomogeneity of the suspension.
About reducing the visibility of complex object on the background of underlying surface
Authors: Khrychov V. , Legenkiy M.
Published: October 2022

Relevance: Reducing the radar visibility of an object is an important task in the creation of military equipment. Real objects are often located on some underlying surface, which leads to a significant increasing in the scattered field by such a system in comparison with the scattered field by only object without taking into account re-reflection from the underlying surface. The development of methods for reducing the reflected field plays an important role among the tasks of reducing radar signature. The purpose of the work is to consider the existing methods for modeling the scattering of electromagnetic waves on complex shape objects against the background of the underlying surface, analyze the level of the reflected field components. To propose methods for reducing the radar visibility of an object. To carry out a simulation for some object in order to assess the effectiveness of the proposed methods. Materials and methods: The problem of diffraction on the complex shape object, which located on the underlying surface, is solved. In this case, different components of the scattered field are taken into account: single reflection from different elements of the object's surface (physical-optical component); one-time re-reflections between different parts of the object; re-reflection between the object and the underlying surface. In numerical modeling, the scattered field on an object located on the underlying surface, the underlying surface is considered as a rectangle of finite size. Results: The possibilities of optimizing a model of the complex shape object in order to reduce its radar visibility are considered. In particular, geometric modifications of the object's surface and the using radio-absorbing materials are considered. In order to demonstrate the effect of these techniques, using a technique previously proposed by the authors for determining the scattered field by an object of complex shape located against the background of the underlying surface simulations have been carried out. Conclusion: Methods of optimizing a model of the complex shape object to reduce its radar visibility are proposed. For most real objects, the largest contribution to the total reflected field is made by the field reflected from the smooth part of the object and the re-reflection field between parts of the object and between the object and the underlying surface.
Caracterización de la comunidad de macroinvertebrados marinos asociada a sustratos duros artificiales en la bahía de Cartagena, durante 2018 y 2019 en diferentes épocas climáticas
Authors: Pineda Osorio María Camila , Cañón Páez Mary Luz
Published: October 2022

Con el fin de detectar cambios en las comunidades nativas de macroinvertebrados marinos de la bahía de Cartagena, durante 2018 y 2019 se realizaron levantamientos biológicos en diferentes épocas climáticas, en siete sustratos artificiales (boyas). Fueron raspadas áreas de organismos incrustantes de 30x30 cm, fijadas y, posteriormente, analizadas en el laboratorio. Se identificaron un total de 9563 individuos distribuidos en 57 taxa, dentro de los cuales se confirmó la presencia del bivalvo Perna viridis, especie originaria del Indo-Pacífico y registrada para la región como organismo bioinvasor. El 79 % de la abundancia de organismos lo conformaron dos morfotipos de mitílidos (Mytella charruana y M1) y tres especies de cirrípedos (Amphibalanus amphitrite, Amphibalanus reticulatus y Amphibalanus eburneus). La asociación de las variables ambientales con la composición y abundancia de organismos mediante el análisis de componentes principales y funciones empíricas ortogonales estandarizadas, permitió evidenciar cambios en la comunidad de macroinvertebrados entre los monitoreos realizados, así como diferencias entre profundidades, donde se evidencia una mayor variación en las estaciones que se ven más influenciadas por la descarga de aguas continentales, así como la influencia de aguas oceánicas en las áreas de mayor intercambio en la bahía; aspecto que probablemente responde a las variaciones estacionales del área de estudio y la estabilidad de la comunidad en la columna de agua.
The Corporate Governance Mechanism on Earnings Management and Firm Performance
Authors: Maulana Ilham , Haryadi Bambang , Arief Mohammad
Published: October 2022

Corporate governance mechanism is a form of supervision of the company to run effectively and efficiently to improve firm performance and value. The supervision that corporate governance mechanism provide is to lesser the agency conflicts due the different interest between manager and owner such earnings management that is detrimental to shareholders. This study examines corporate governance as a supervisory mechanism that aims to improve firm performance, value and minimize earnings management. Then, we analyze the possibility that corporate governance mechanisms can improve firm’s performance and value by controlling earnings management. Using data of banking companies from 2018-2019 then tested using partial least squares with the WarpPLS application, we found evidence that corporate governance mechanisms positively influence the company's financial performance. Corporate governance mechanism has a negative effect on firm value. Corporate governance mechanisms have a negative effect on earnings management. Then earnings management does not provide a mediating effect in the relationship of corporate governance with the company's financial performance and firm value.
Why State-Owned Enterprises Often Do Earnings Management?
Authors: Pramusti Wuri Cahyaning , Nuraina Elva , Yusdita Elana Era
Published: October 2022

The requirement that the income statement provided be in the profit position all of the time encourages the use of earnings management. Managers manipulate data using accounting practices to fool stakeholders. The goal of this research is to see how the effect of government ownership on earnings management affects audit quality. For 2015-2020, the population is State-Owned Enterprises listed on the IDX. A sample of 24 State-Owned Enterprises is obtained using the purposive sampling method. Using EViews version 10, simple regression and moderated regression analysis (MRA) were used to analyze the data. The findings reveal that government ownership has no effect on earnings management and that audit quality has no effect on earnings management when it comes to government ownership. Big Four public accounting firms have been unable to curb earnings management practices due to government expectations and protection. The bank's earnings management profit maximization occurred as a result of the bank's desire to attract and increase the confidence of third-party funds, which are the bank's greatest source of funds. Income minimization, on the other hand, occurred because the corporation intended to lower the amount of tax it had to pay to the government.
Income Tax Policy Amidst Covid-19 Pandemic: Quo Vadis Indonesia?
Authors: Saptono Prianto Budi , Khozen Ismail
Published: October 2022

Social distancing policies are a common measure taken by many countries worldwide to prevent the spread of Covid-19 cases. However, the consequence is that the income generated by many people is limited and tends to widen inequality. In a similar situation, many governments need more significant spending to save both health and economy. Given the difficult situation for many people, especially in generating income, this study analyzes the international best practice of income tax policies amidst the Covid-19 pandemic. Besides, this study analyzes how the income tax policy in Indonesia responds to the Covid-19 pandemic and its prospects. The research method used to conduct this study is descriptive qualitative. The results show that income tax policies are one of the most crucial matters that countries worldwide can do to deal with the pandemic. These policies vary from tax relief, recovery-oriented stimulus, and tax increases. Concerning the situation in Indonesia, policies need to be directed at evaluating the income tax policies that have been adopted so far. Individual income tax increases in the upper bracket and the introduction of new taxes such as carbon tax may be essential considerations to save the economy and health. However, the government also needs to manage sensitive issues such as corruption to win people's support to recover from the pandemic.
Transparency of Hajj Fund Accountability: Performance of Financial Statements and Investment Optimization
Authors: Panjaitan Roymon , Adam Echan
Published: October 2022

This research aims to provide a theoretical framework for implementing financial products in the management of Hajj financial funds presented in a transparent and accountable manner with a novelty system that is centrally embedded in the field. This research contribution integrates the management of centralised system fund instruments that are transparent and accountable. This research method uses sampling in the form of interview instruments and questionnaires to 126 employees who work in religious affairs offices located in branch offices on the island of Java. As a result of this research, there is a significant positive effect of direct or indirect integrated systems centralised on transparency and public accountability in producing good financial statement performance, and financial statement performance relationships have a significant positive effect on the optimisation of financial instruments
Factors Analysis Structure with Profitability as Intervening Variables
Authors: Umdiana Nana , Mahardini Nikke Yusnita , Manurung Irma Dewi
Published: October 2022

This study aims to identify and analyzes the factors that influence capital structure with profitability as an intervening variable in mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The quantitative research method was used in this study. The study used 228 data for path analysis. Classical assumption test analysis, path analysis, Sobel test, and hypothesis testing using SPSS 25 statistical tools as analytical methods. The steps for testing path analysis are as follows: First, formulate a structural equation. Second Calculate the path coefficient based on the regression coefficient. Third Calculate the path coefficient simultaneously. Finally, Calculate the path coefficient simultaneously. The results of this study indicate that sales growth does not directly affect the capital structure, while firm size directly affects capital structure. At the same time, profitability cannot mediate from sales growth or company size on capital structure
Increasing learning interest through android-based word square learning media
Authors: Devi Eka Sari , Damayanti Eka , Hamansah Hamansah , Salahuddin Salahuddin , Jamilah Jamilah
Published: October 2022

The use of media through the Android application is still limited, even though it is needed to foster interest in learning after the COVID-19 pandemic. The research focused on increasing learning interest through the application of the Android-based Word Square learning media. This experimental research used a pretest-posttest control group design. The population in this study were all students of class IX MTs Guppi Samata, which consisted of 2 classes. The saturated sampling method was used in the sampling procedure with six samples taken from the experimental class IX-A and six samples taken from the control class IX-B. The research instrument was a questionnaire consisting of 30 items. The data analysis technique used the Wilcoxon signed ranks test. Students' learning interests differed depending on whether or not they used the Android-based Word Square learning media (p = 0.046, p 0.05). The results showed the differences in students' interest in learning with and without using the media of Word Square learning media based on android human reproductive system material for class IX MTs Guppi Samata (p = 0.046, p < 0.05). The average interest in learning among students through the media was 114.83. The value was higher than those without using the media (106.50). This proves that Word Square learning resources based on Android can increase students' learning interests. The findings of this study can be used to inform teachers' decisions about how to use engaging learning technologies and a variety of media to enhance the quality of their instruction.
TANGGUNG JAWAB PELAKU USAHA TERHADAP PENYESATAN ASAL DAERAH SUATU BARANG
Authors: Wibowo Ahmad Mukti
Published: October 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis tanggung jawab hukum pelaku usaha terhadap penyesatan asal daerah suatu barang dan menganalisis akibat hukum bagi pelaku usaha atas iklan yang menyesatkan asal daerah suatu barang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukan beberapa hal. Pertama, tanggung jawab hukum pelaku usaha yang menyesatkan asal daerah suatu barang berupa tanggung jawab hukum secara perdata dan secara pidana. Tanggung jawab hukum pelaku usaha secara perdata berupa pelaku usaha memberikan ganti rugi kepada konsumen yang telah dirugikan oleh pelaku usaha. Tanggung jawab hukum pelaku usaha secara pidana berupa pelaku usaha dan/atau pengurusnya dipidana dengan pidana penjara atau pidana denda. Kedua, akibat hukum bagi pelaku usaha atas iklan yang menyesatkan asal daerah suatu barang yaitu pelaku usaha dan/atau pengurusnya dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 5 (lima) tahun atau pelaku usaha dan/atau pengurusnya dipidana dengan pidana denda paling banyak Rp2.000.000.000,00 (dua miliar rupiah).
HAKEKAT HUKUM DESA ADAT BALI SEBAGAI SUBJEK HUKUM DALAM PENGELOLAAN PARIWISATA BUDAYA
Authors: Agung Gede Agung Indra Prathama Anak
Published: October 2022

Desa Adat menurut Pasal 1 Angka 8 Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Bali Nomor 4 Tahun 2019 tentang Desa Adat di Bali (selanjutnya disebut dengan Perda Bali 4 Tahun 2019) adalah kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat di Bali. Pengembangan Pariwisata Budaya di Bali tidak dapat dipisahkan dari Kebudayaan masyarakat adat di Bali. Pemerintah Provinsi Bali sudah memproteksi akibat hukum ini sehingga dibuatkanlah payung hukum untuk melindungi desa adat dari gempuran bisnis pariwisata dan jeratan hukumnya dengan memberlakukan  peraturan Daerah Provinsi Bali Nomor 4 Tahun 2019 tentang Desa Adat di Bali (selanjutnya disebut dengan Perda Bali 4 Tahun 2019).Adanya pergeseran perilaku dalam mengelola peradaban dan budaya lokal. perkembangan bisnis pariwisata di Indonesia dan Bali Khususnya. Bahwa fungsi hukum hanyalah sebagai perekayasa social oleh karena itu cara kerja fungsi hukum melindungi kearifan lokal dari gempuran bisnis pariwisata, Dari Uraian diatas maka dapat disampaikan permasalahan yaitu: Bagaimanakah hakekat dari pengaturan desa adat Bali sebagai subjek hukum, Manfaat apakah yang diperoleh oleh masyarakat dalam pengelolaan  pariwisata. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan Konsep Desa adat sebagai subyek hukum dan Konsep Pengelolaan usaha pariwisata serta menggunakan Teori Keadilan Hukum dan Teori Utilitarisme (Kemanfaatan Hukum). Desa adat memiliki hak menjaga dan mengatur kekayaan desa adat yang dimiliki termasuk hak ulayat.
Radiation control of blanks manufactured using additive technology by digital radiography
Authors: Mikhaylova N. A. , Kosarina E. I. , Demidov A. A. , Suvorov P. V.
Published: October 2022

Additive technologies, namely selective laser melting (SLM), are often used in manufacturing products of critical duty. At the same time, the SLM process may be accompanied by the appearance of specific defects in the product. We present the results of radiation monitoring of aviation blanks manufactures using addi­tive technology by digital radiography. A digital detector system was used as an X-ray converter. It is shown that the methods of film radiography traditionally used for control in the case of aircraft objects are not always effective. The method of digital radiography, on the contrary, is the most adequate. Comparison of the results of digital radiography with data of traditional radiography revealed that the time spent on radiation monitoring when using an automated manipulator is significantly reduced, while the monitor­ing performance increases dramatically. The results obtained can be used to improve the methods of radia­tion monitoring of aircraft objects manufactured using additive technologies.
The electroplastic effect in titanium alloys under tension
Authors: Korolkov O. E. , Pakhomov M. A. , Stolyarov V. V.
Published: October 2022

The electroplastic effect (EPE) is a phenomenon which consists in a decrease in the strain resistance and enhancing of the plasticity of metals under the effect of the electric current of a sufficiently high density [1].

   The goal of the study is to compare the deformation behavior of single-phase commercially pure tita­nium Grade 4 and two-phase VT6 alloy under tension and external heating with introduction of a pulsed current.

   Current of various pulse ratio and density was supplied to the grips of the tensile testing machine from a pulse generator. To estimate the relative contribution of the electroplastic effect during passage of current to the reduction of flow stresses, the materials were also exposed to external heating. The microstructure of the samples in the sample head and in the vicinity of the fracture region in the longitu­dinal section was studied using optical microscopy. The electroplastic effect in the studied materials is manifested on the tensile curve through individual jumps in the downward flow stress at a high pulse ra­tio, whereas at a low current pulse ratio a decrease in the flow stress and strain hardening and increase in the plasticity are observed. It is shown that tension of the sample under the effect of current results in a greater decrease in the flow stresses than that observed under external heating at the same temperature for both materials. This confirms the athermal nature of the pulsed current effect. The critical density of the high pulse ratio current (q - 5000) capable of providing manifestation of the electroplastic effect is two times lower for a VT6 alloy than for pure titanium Grade 4. Under the same pulsed current modes, the flow stresses for VT6 decrease more than for Grade 4. Pulsed current of high pulse ratio caused an anomalous hardening effect in a VT6 alloy, but the physical nature of this effect requires an additional study. The pulsed current modes used in the study did not lead to any structural changes noticeable under optical magnification in the samples under tension, except for the disappearance of twins and separation of the impurity particles in Grade 4 and spheroidization of grains in VT6.
Ebu’l Hasan el-Âmirî'de İdeal Devlet Tasavvuru
Authors: AKPINAR Fuat , CİHAN Ahmet Kamil
Published: October 2022

Bu çalışmada, Âmirî’nin ideal devlet tasavvuru ve iyi bir devlet yönetiminin oluşması yolunda tasavvur ettiği siyâset felsefesi tartışılacaktır. Klasik İslam filozofları siyâset felsefesini ahlâk ve mutluluk ilişkisiyle bağlantılı bir şekilde incelemişler ve eserlerinde birey-toplum-devlet düzleminde ilerleyen, biri olmadan diğeri olmayan yani bu düzlemlerin doğal olarak birbirilerini etkilemesinin kaçınılmaz olduğu iddiasını ortaya atan bir sistemi öngörmüşlerdir. Yine onlar ahlâk ve mutluluk bağlamından kopmadan ideal bireyi, ideal toplumu ve ideal devletin özelliklerini ele almışlardır. Fârâbî sonrası İslam siyâset felsefesinde iz bırakmış Âmirî de toplumu ve devleti erdemli olup olmamasına göre ikiye ayırmış olup Platon-Aristoteles-Fârâbî üçlüsünün siyâset anlayışlarını kendine özgü yorumlamak suretiyle ideal bir devlet tasavvuru ortaya koymuştur. İnsanın ihtiyaçlarını gidermek için yine doğası gereği zorunlu olan bir devlette yaşamak durumundadır. İşte bu devletin kurulması, yönetici olacak kişinin de gelişigüzel bir kişi olamayacağını savunan Âmirî devletin ulvî bir ikramla olabileceğini, yöneticinin de ilahî ikramla onu elde edebileceğini, hayırlı, mutlu bir devletin de yasalara dayanması gerektiğini belirtir. Âmirî’nin eserlerinde sunduğu Said Devletin tüm unsurları bireyden başlayarak aile, toplum ve yöneticilerin hikmete önem veren, ahlâki kemalin olduğunu bilen ve onu uygulayan, erdemleri sahip olan kişilerdir. Siyâseti halkın en yüce erdemlere ulaştırılması olarak tanımlayan Âmirî onun gayesini de en yüce mutluluk olarak açıklar. Yine filozof ideal devletin vatandaşlarının erdemlere, ahlâki olgunluğa ve en yüce mutluluğa ulaşmasına vesile olan erdemli başkana da önemli bir rol yükler ve onun tüm yönleriyle özelliklerini tartışır. Sonuç itibariyle Âmirî’nin ideal devlet anlayışı özellikle İslam kültürü, Grek felsefesi ve Fars siyâset düşüncesiyle beslenmiş olduğu iddiasından hareketle onun ideal devlet tasavvuru değerlendirilecektir.
Matan a una marica: la lengua de la loca como fuente histórica de represión y asesinatos de locas en la Argentina de los ochenta
Authors: Peña Zerpa José Alirio
Published: October 2022

El presente artículo aborda el contexto de represión y asesinatos de las locas en la década de los ochenta en Argentina. Se toma como punto de arranque el ensayo Matan a una marica, escrito por Néstor Perlongher para la revista porteña Fin de siglo en octubre de 1988. Se propone un análisis de texto, aislante y vinculante, del texto al contexto, partiendo de la consideración que el propio texto corresponde al lugar enunciativo y militante de la lengua de la loca, permitiendo develar un contexto histórico caracterizado por la represión y asesinatos de las locas, frente al cual el autor se opone con su resistencia de loca.
Arahan Pengembangan Lahan Potensial untuk Tambak Garam di Pesisir Kabupaten Rembang
Authors: Prasetyo Budi , Barus Baba , Darmawan
Published: October 2022

Rembang Regency is one of the national salt production centers that potentially can be increased its salt production. This study was aimed to guide potential land development for salt ponds on the Rembang Regency coast. The overlay method between land suitability maps for salt ponds, land use maps, and Regional Spatial Plan (RTRW) maps of Rembang Regency was be used to analyze potential areas for salt pond development. The results showed that the coastal area of Rembang Regency, which had a land suitability class of S1 was 10,325 hectares, a land with suitability class S2 area was 5,687 hectares, and land with suitability class S3 was 2,471 hectares, while the not suitable area for salt ponds (N) was 17,813 hectares. The total land available for the salt ponds development was 3,560 hectares. Based on the economic analysis results, it was known that the salt production business carried out on the land with suitability classes S1, S2, and S3 will get profit. Potentially land for development of salt ponds, which in line with the RTRW was 2,484 hectares. The utilization of Rembang Regency coastland for salt production enhancement was directed into three categories. The first was land that needed to be maintained its productivity covered an area of 1,366 hectares. The second was land that could be used for extensification covered an area of 931 hectares. The last was land that needed to be intensified covered an area of 187 hectares.
Analisis Ketahanan (Resilience) Pedagang Kaki Lima di Masa Pandemi Covid-19: Studi Kasus Jalan Sukasari, Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat
Authors: Mujio Mujio , Mansyur Umar , Arif Ichwan , Rahayu Rindiani Agustina , Yura Amara Desiana
Published: October 2022

Street vendors are one part of SMEs who have experienced the impact of Covid-19, inclusive of street vendors on Jalan Sukasari, Bogor City. The purpose of this study was to determine the most influential factors in recovery and resilience strategies, as well as street vendors in Sukasari street, Bogor City, and alternative recovery strategies for street vendors on Jalan Sukasari, Bogor City. Data collection was conducted by interviews and questionnaire filler by street vendors in Sukasari street. The research analysis used is the Fuzzy-Eckenrode approach analysis as one approach forMulti-Criteria Decision Making. The most influential factors on the resilience of street vendors in Sukasari street, Bogor city after the Covid-19 pandemic based on Fuzzy-Eckenrode analysis are work culture, leadership, and social networks. Alternative strategies based on Fuzzy-TOPSIS analysis are government assistance strategies, digital technology introduction strategies, and debt relief strategies.
Diagnóstico nutrimental del suelo y foliar en el cultivo de maíz
Authors: Pacheco-Sangerman Fresia , Prado-Hernández Víctor , Maldonado Torres Ranferi , Robledo-Santoyo Edmundo
Published: October 2022

Es importante definir dosis óptimas de fertilización para un manejo adecuado de la nutrición de los cultivos y mejora significativa del rendimiento y calidad de cosecha. El presente trabajo fue realizado en el año 2019 en el municipio de Texcoco, Estado de México. Con el objetivo de evaluar cinco dosis de fertilización tomando como base el diagnóstico de la fertilidad de suelos para que mediante tres metodologías de diagnóstico foliar determinar el balance nutrimental. Los tratamientos evaluados fueron (T0: testigo absoluto, T1: dosis del productor, T2: 0.5 de la dosis óptima, T3: dosis óptima, T4: 1+0.5 de la dosis óptima) en dos variedades de maíz (estrella y celeste). Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que el suelo es arcilloso, con un pH neutro, muy bajo en Cu, bajo en Fe y Mn y medio en N, Zn y CIC, alto de materia orgánica y muy alto de P, K, Ca, Mg y B. El diagnóstico realizado con las tres metodologías de interpretación demostró que los nutrimentos N y Zn fueron los más deficientes mientras que el Ca y B se presentaron en niveles altos. La concentración de nutrientes del suelo y el diagnóstico foliar Kenworthy presentó correlación directa para los elementos Cu y Mn, mientras que el P, K Ca, Mg y B fueron determinados como medios y altos tanto en el suelo como en la planta. Para el diagnóstico DRIS se determinó de medios o suficientes a altos niveles de Ca, Mg y B tanto en el suelo como en la planta. Por último, la concentración de Cu en el suelo y de la planta resultó baja; mientras que, la de B fue alta.
Calidad de luz de lámparas fluorescentes en el crecimiento de pepino y severidad de Oidium sp.
Authors: Zazueta-Torres Norma Delia , Yáñez-Juárez Moisés Gilberto , Ayala Tafoya Felipe , Velázquez-Alcaraz Teresa de Jesús , López-Orona Carlos Alfonso , Díaz-Valdés Tomás
Published: October 2022

La calidad de la luz afecta el desarrollo de plantas, por los efectos específicos sobre la fotosíntesis, fotomorfogénesis, procesos fisiológicos y bioquímicos. También tiene un papel importante en las interacciones planta-patógeno y controla varias actividades metabólicas de hongos que determinan su patogenicidad y severidad. Se realizaron tres experimentos bajo diseños completamente al azar para conocer la influencia de lámparas fluorescentes de luz blanca fría, neutra y cálida, sobre la morfología y crecimiento de plantas de pepino (Cucumis sativus L.) y la severidad de la cenicilla (Oidium sp.). En las cámaras de crecimiento utilizadas, la densidad de flujo de fotones fotosintéticos (DFFF) promedió 305 μmol m-2 s-1, pero los parámetros espectrales relacionados con la luz roja (R:LBC> LBN> LBF) y la luz azul (A:LBF> LBN> LBC) fueron contrastantes. La mayor cantidad absoluta de luz R (122.04 μmol m-2 s-1), cantidad relativa de R:DFFF (40.09%) y cantidad proporcional de R: A (2.67) y R:RL (3.25) de LBC promovieron mayor altura, área foliar, peso fresco y seco de hojas, tallo y raíz de las plantas, mientras que, la mayor cantidad absoluta de luz A (84.19 μmol m-2 s-1), cantidad relativa de A:DFFF (27.48%) y cantidad proporcional de A:R (1.04) y A:RL (2.65) de LBF indujeron menor altura de planta y mayor grosor de tallo e índice de verdor foliar. Los parámetros espectrales de LBF también perturbaron el desarrollo de Oidium sp., que se reflejó en menor severidad de la cenicilla en comparación con LBN o LBC.
modelación y simulación matemáticas: una herramienta para la protección de cultivos
Authors: Durán-Peralta Elisa , Acuayte-Valdes Erik , Acuayte-Valdes María del Consuelo , Hernández-López Juan Carlos , López-Cruz Irineo Lorenzo
Published: October 2022

Las consecuencias del cambio climático en los cultivos son motivo de preocupación, ya que éstos no pueden adaptarse rápidamente a las nuevas amenazas patógenas. En este artículo se hace una revisión sobre el uso global de modelos matemáticos en fitosanidad durante el periodo 2000-2020; a través, de Scopus y Google Académico. El objetivo del estudio es presentar la modelación y simulación como una opción en la protección de cultivos ante los riesgos meteorológicos o variaciones que se producen por el calentamiento global. La modelación matemática no es en sí un fin, sino una herramienta que ayuda en la toma de decisiones para el manejo sustentable de los cultivos. La predicción del riesgo de ocurrencia de una plaga o enfermedad favorece la reducción de uso de pesticidas disminuyendo así las pérdidas económicas y el daño al ambiente. Por otra parte, la simulación o solución numérica de los modelos matemáticos, permite la exploración de hipótesis, es un medio invaluable en la investigación, ya que permite explorar posibles escenarios futuros y encontrar opciones de sistemas de manejo que en algún momento serán necesarias. En México es necesario realizar investigaciones para la generación e implementación de modelos matemáticos que permitan un menor costo de producción y menor impacto negativo a la salud humana y al ambiente.
METHODOLOGY FOR MEASURING THE CARBONATION DEPTH OF CONCRETE – STANDARD AND NON-STANDARD ASPECTS
Authors: Woyciechowski Piotr , Kępniak Maja , Pawłowski Jędrzej
Published: October 2022

Carbonation of concrete is a complex phenomenon, depending on many factors, including the heterogeneity of concrete, which results in an uneven carbonation front. The assessment of the depth of the carbonation front depends on the measurement technique adopted. The article summarizes the standard techniques for measuring the depth of carbonation and proposes an alternative measurement technique based on the measurement of the fields of the carbonated and noncarbonated surfaces, and then converting to the averaged depth of carbonation. For an example sample, the results obtained with different standard techniques and the proposed off-standard technique were compared.
Estimation of the profit function of Trans log and the elasticity of input demand in rice farming in Jambi province
Authors: Saidin Nainggolan  , Yanuar Fitri  , Riri Oktari Ulma  , Cynthia Cleantha br. Sinuraya
Published: October 2022

This study aims to analyze the development of input and output prices, the translog profit function, and the elasticity of demand for lowland rice farming inputs in Jambi Province. The function model used is the Transcendental Logarithmic (Translog) profit function. The study results show that · The development of input prices has increased significantly every year. · The production input factors that affect the profitability of lowland rice farming are the price of seeds, TSP fertilizer, and other chemical fertilizers (KML). Other production factors such as urea fertilizer prices, pesticide prices, labor wages, and land rental costs are determinant factors. · The value of the elasticity of demand for inputs to their prices is elastic. All cross-price elasticity of demand is complementary and elastic. The value of the elasticity of input demand which is influenced by the price of rice shows a positive and elastic value. From the results of the study, it is expected that there will be capital assistance for farmers so that farmers can allocate optimal use of inputs.
Detection of Merkel cell polyomavirus in tumor cells and peritumoral lymphocytes of non-melanoma skin cancer by Immunohistochemistry
Authors: TR Bellott  , FB Luz  , AK Fausto  , RB Varella  , MAAM Guimarães  , MT Venceslau  , MC Rochael  , L Pantaleão
Published: October 2022

Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is an oncogenic virus etiologically related to Merkel cell carcinoma and has been found in association with non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), with controversial results. Little is known about the role or influence of MCPyV in the development of these tumors and its prevalence in various populations. To assess the prevalence of MCPyV`s Large T Antigen and its DNA in cases of NMSC, nested-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed on 103 samples of NMSC from 91 patients and these results were correlated with epidemiological and demographical data. A total of 44 (42,7%) tumors were positive for the virus via PCR, 34 (77,3%) in the BCC group, 6 (13,6%) in the cSCC, 3 (6,8%) for Bowen’s disease and 1 (2,3%) for keratoacanthoma. The IHC results shows a positivity of 15 (14,6%), 7 cases of positivity in the tumor, 8 in the peri-tumoral infiltrate and 3 in both, and with 11 (73,0%) of positivity in the BCC group, 3 (20,0%) in the cSCC, 0 (0,0%) for Bowen’s disease and 1 (7,0%) for keratoacanthoma. Despite the frequent detection of MCPyV DNA and large T antigen in NMSC, its possible role in the development of NMSC is unlikely.
The influence of competence and perception on interest in the public accountant profession mediated by motivation
Authors: Kusuma Adi Rahardjo
Published: October 2022

This research paper aims to examine whether there is a correlation of Competence and Perception on Interest in the Public Accountant Profession. Furthermore, additional focus could be placed on the question, whether Motivation can play a mediating role of effect of Competence and Perception on Interest in the Public Accountant Profession. After reviewing the literature, there are seven hypotheses proposed in this study. The study design consisted of a population with a saturated sample of 50 students of the Mahardhika School of Economics, accounting study program, regular class B - 2016 entry year who are still actively attending lectures. The data is processed using SEM SmartPLS 3 where the bootstrap method is used to test hypotheses and the results show that competence alone cannot be a strong driver of interest in a career as a public accountant without motivation. Motivation will be a strong intermediary for students who have good competence towards a career interest as a public accountant. Meanwhile, having a perception related to the public accounting profession does not provide a significant and not strong influence to foster motivation to have an interest in a career as a public accountant. This study provides input to enrich the theory of the relationship between competence and perception on interest mediated by motivation.
Tingkat Ketepatan Pengenalan Pola Data Algoritma Pelatihan pada Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan Menggunakan Model Neuron 10-16-1 dan 15-29-1
Authors: Mustafidah Hindayati , Sholihah Mu’ammirotus
Published: October 2022

Algoritma pelatihan merupakan bagian terpenting dalam Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan (JST). Kinerja algoritma ini dipengaruhi oleh beberapa parameter jaringan diantaranya banyaknya neuron dalam lapisan input, banyaknya neuron dalam lapisan tersembunyi, maksimum epoh, learning rate (lr). Pada penelitian terdahulu dilakukan pengujian menggunakan model neuron 6-10-1 diperoleh hasil bahwa algoritma pelatihan Levenberg-Marquardt  (trainlm) adalah algoritma yang paling tepat dalam mengenali pola data dengan tingkat rata-rata kesesuaian 87.5%. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengujian tingkat ketepatan pengenalan pola data algoritma pelatihan pada jaringan syaraf tiruan menggunakan model neuron 10-16-1 dan 15-29-1, parameter jaringan yang digunakan diantaraya target eror = 0.001 (10-3), maksimum epoh = 10000 (104), nilai learning rate (lr) = 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0. Hasil dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan  adalah pada model 10-16-1 algoritma pelatihan JST yang paling optimal tingkat ketepatan pengenalan pola data ditinjau dari rata-rata delta terkecil dan besarnya persentase ketepatan pengenalan pola data yaitu algoritma pelatihan Levenberg-Marquardt (trainlm) dengan nilai rata-rata delta = 0.00632000000 pada learning rate (lr) = 0.9 dengan persentase kecocokan mengenali pola data sebesar 100%. Pada model 15-29-1 algoritma pelatihan JST yang paling optimal tingkat ketepatan pengenalan pola data ditinjau dari rata-rata delta terkecil dan besarnya persentase kecocokan rata-rata delta algoritma pelatihan pada setiap learning rate (lr) adalah Levenberg-Marquardt (trainlm) dengan nilai rata-rata delta = 0.00530500000 pada learning rate (lr) = 0.7 dengan  persentase ketepatan mengenali pola data sebesar 100%.