bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microwave-promoted Synthesis of Novel Bioactive N-based Heterocycles
Authors: Dinodia Monica
Published: April 2022

Our environment is in a continuous state of change, which, in turn, demands sustainable,
eco-friendly, and safer chemistry techniques. This, in turn, has led to the green chemistry principles
coming into the picture in recent years. Over the years, microwave heating has evolved as a green
protocol in organic synthesis. The advantages of the safe and environment-friendly MW heating approach
include a simple experimental setup, products of high purity with high yields, solvent-free reactions,
short reaction times, elimination of the side products, and a decrease in the rate of by-product
formation. Heterocycles, especially nitrogen heterocycles, are important not only because they are
present in natural products, but because they have widespread applications in pharmaceutical industries
as well. These N-heterocycles are part of many biologically active molecules. In the present review,
the focus has been laid on the developments in MW-mediated synthesis of biologically important
N-heterocycles in the last 2 years (2020-21).
Synthesis of Transition Metal-sulfur Complexes by Si-S Bond Cleavage
Authors: Renzetti Andrea , Fukumoto Kozo , Kina Aya
Published: April 2022

This mini-review summarizes the methods available for the synthesis of transition metalsulfur complexes, which have been used as models of metalloprotein active sites, desulfurization catalysts, and organometallic functional materials. All the methods use silicon-sulfur compounds as starting materials, exploiting the selective cleavage of Si—S bond and the subsequent incorporation of sulfur fragments into the metal complex. Mechanistic considerations are also provided. Period covered: 1968 to date.
Microbubbles Contrast Agents: General Overview as Diagnostics and
Therapeutic Agent
Authors: Gharat Shivani K. , Godiyal Shilpa C. , Malusare Pranali P. , Jadhav Kisan R. , Kadam Vilasrao J.
Published: April 2022

Recent discoveries have unfolded many powerful emerging applications in the field of drug delivery science. For the past few years, ultrasound mediated microbubble contrast agents have been an emerging modality for diagnostic and drug delivery applications. Microbubbles are small spherical bubbles composed of a gas core encapsulated by a shell with different materials. The composition of the microbubble determines its stiffness, encapsulation efficiency, stability, and clearance from the system. A gas-filled microbubble, when activated by an acoustic pulse, can produce large volumetric oscillations and, once administered intravenously, can act as a cavitating nuclei, allowing for a wide range of ultrasound-assisted drug delivery applications. Microbubbles offer a fantastic approach to ultrasound triggered drug delivery with various drug loading tech-niques and targeting strategies for the uptake of bioactive substances such as polynucleotides, pro-teins, genes, and small-molecule drugs. Microbubbles can be used for several diagnostic and thera-peutic purposes for accurate detection and treatment of various life-threatening diseases.
A Review on Importance of Biodegradable Packaging for Foods and Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Shafi Huma , Bajpai Meenakshi
Published: April 2022

Everything we buy leaves a type of waste, particularly the packaging, which is thrown away when its contents are unpacked. One can hardly ignore the hazard plastic packaging poses to the environment. Plastic is a petroleum-based product that is a long‐term pollutant, it takes a very long time to degrade and is not fully biodegradable. The long-term development goals must incorporate protecting the environment and nonrenewable resources. Different review papers, research papers, books, book chapters, internet sources, and other relevant literature were used for writing this review paper. The finding of this review shows that in recent years, the interest of researchers has been evoked remarkably towards the development of packaging material in a more sustainable way. Biodegradable polymers such as starch, cellulose, Polylactic acid, Polycaprolactone, Polyhydroxyalkanoates, etc., have been modified to produce bio-based plastic films/materials which can replace petroleum-based plastic, thus reducing the environmental burdens associated with non-biodegradable and plastic products. Billions of tons of packaging waste are accumulating across the world and one should look for ways to incorporate materials that make less of an impact on the globe. The use of biodegradable packaging material is the solution to the problem of plastic waste accumulation as it is economically feasible and safe for our environment. Green or sustainable packaging will be possible only when eco-friendly packaging becomes a ‘must-have’ product feature.
Prioritizing Cancer lncRNA Modulators via Integrated lncRNA-mRNA
Network and Somatic Mutation Data
Authors: Zhou Dianshuang , Li Xin , Shang Shipeng , Zhi Hui , Wang Peng , Gao Yue , Ning Shangwei
Published: April 2022

Background: Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) represent a large category of functional RNA molecules that play a significant role in human cancers. lncRNAs can be genes modulators to affect the biological process of multiple cancers.

Methods:

Here, we developed a computational framework that uses lncRNA-mRNA network and mutations in individual genes of 9 cancers from TCGA to prioritize cancer lncRNA modulators. Our method screened risky cancer lncRNA regulators based on integrated multiple lncRNA functional networks and 3 calculation methods in network.

Results:

Validation analyses revealed that our method was more effective than prioritization based on a single lncRNA network. This method showed high predictive performance and the highest ROC score was 0.836 in breast cancer. It’s worth noting that we found that 5 lncRNAs scores were abnormally high and these lncRNAs appeared in 9 cancers. By consulting the literatures, these 5 lncRNAs were experimentally supported lncRNAs. Analyses of prioritizing lncRNAs reveal that these lncRNAs are enriched in various cancer-related biological processes and pathways.

Conclusions:

Together, these results demonstrated the ability of this method identifying candidate lncRNA molecules and improved insights into the pathogenesis of cancer.
Comprehensive Pan-cancer Gene Signature Assessment through the
Implementation of a Cascade Machine Learning System
Authors: Castillo-Secilla Daniel , Galvez Juan Manuel , Carrillo-Perez Francisco , Prieto-Prieto Juan Carlos , Valenzuela Olga , Javier Herrera Luis , Rojas Ignacio
Published: April 2022

Background:

Despite all the medical advances introduced for personalized patient treatment
and the research supported in search of genetic patterns inherent to the occurrence of its different manifestations
on the human being, the unequivocal and effective treatment of cancer, unfortunately, remains
as an unresolved challenge within the scientific panorama. Until a universal solution for its control is
achieved, early detection mechanisms for preventative diagnosis increasingly avoid treatments, resulting
in unreliable effectiveness. The discovery of unequivocal gene patterns allowing us to discern between
multiple pathological states could help shed light on patients suspected of an oncological disease but
with uncertainty in the histological and immunohistochemical results.

Methods:

This study presents an approach for pan-cancer diagnosis based on gene expression analysis
that determines a reduced set of 12 genes, making it possible to distinguish between the main 14 cancer
diseases.

Results:

Our cascade machine learning process has been robustly designed, obtaining a mean F1 score
of 92% and a mean AUC of 99.37% in the test set. Our study showed heterogeneous over-or underexpression
of the analyzed genes, which can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Upregulation of
LPAR5 and PAX8 was demonstrated in thyroid cancer samples. KLF5 was highly expressed in the majority
of cancer types.

Conclusion:

Our model constituted a useful tool for pan-cancer gene expression evaluation. In addition
to providing biological clues about a hypothetical common origin of cancer, the scalability of this study
promises to be very useful for future studies to reinforce, confirm, and extend the biological observations
presented here. Code availability and datasets are stored in the following GitHub repository to
aim for the research reproducibility: https://github.com/CasedUgr/PanCancerClassification.
Recent Discoveries of Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Compounds as
InhA Inhibitors against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: An Overview
Authors: Gupta Pratibha D. , Tilekar Kalpana N. , Upadhyay Neha M. , C.S Ramaa
Published: April 2022

It is a formidable challenge to treat tuberculosis as there are increasing cases of multidrugresistant
tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) cases. Moreover,
the emergence of totally drug-resistant tuberculosis (TDR-TB) makes it vital and imperative to
develop a new generation of anti-tubercular drugs to have control over resistance. The nitrogencontaining
heterocyclic class of compounds is being studied extensively to ascertain their anti-TB potentials.
Nitrogen-containing compounds have a broad range of targets; wherein, InhA is the most important
one. Hence, the primary focus of this review is to summarize the recent developments in the
discovery of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds as InhA inhibitors to combat tuberculosis.
Pre-Admission Beta-Blocker Therapy and Outcomes of Coronavirus
Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and
Meta-Regression
Authors: Kurniawan Andree , Hariyanto Timotius Ivan , Hananto Joshua Edward , Intan Denny
Published: April 2022

Background:

Hypertension and heart failure are known risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity and mortality outcomes. Beta-blocker is one of the drugs of choice to treat these conditions. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between pre-admission beta-blocker use and COVID-19 outcomes.

Methods:

PubMed and Europe PMC were used as the database for our search strategy by using combined keywords related to our aims until December 10th, 2020. All articles related to COVID-19 and beta-blocker were retrieved. Review Manager 5.4 and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 3 software were used to perform statistical analysis.

Results:

A total of 43 studies consisting of 11,388,556 patients were included in our analysis. Our meta-analysis showed that the use of beta-blocker was associated with increased risk of COVID-19 [OR 1.32 (95% CI 1.02 – 1.70), p = 0.03, I2 = 99%, random-effect modelling], clinical progression [OR 1.37 (95% CI 1.01 – 1.88), p = 0.04, I2 = 89%, random-effect modelling], and mortality from COVID-19 [OR 1.64 (95% CI 1.22 – 2.19), p = 0.0009, I2 = 94%, random-effect modelling]. Meta-regression showed that the association with mortality outcome were influenced by age (p = 0.018) and hypertension (p = 0.005).

Conclusions:

The risk and benefits of using beta-blocker as a drug of choice to treat hypertensive patients should be put into account and reviewed individually case by case, knowing their association in higher incidence and severity of Covid-19 infections. Other first-line antihypertensive drugs may be considered as an alternative therapy if the risk of administering beta blockers outweigh the benefits in Covid-19 infection.
Сенсибилизация наностержней ZnO коллоидными квантовыми точками AgInS-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=- для адсорбционных газовых сенсоров с фотоактивацией
Authors: Рябко А.А. , Налимова С.С. , Мазинг Д.С. , Корепанов О.А. , Гукетлов А.М. , Александрова О.А. , Максимов А.И. , Мошников В.А. , Шомахов З.В. , Алешин А.Н.
Published: April 2022

A low-temperature technique for the formation of coatings based on ZnO nanorods decorated with colloidal AgInS2 quantum dots is presented. It is shown that ZnO nanocrystals and colloidal AgInS2 quantum dots with a shell of mercaptopropionic acid molecules form a heterojunction. Sensitization of ZnO nanorods with AgInS2 colloidal quantum dots to visible irradiation provides a gas analytical response of the structure to isopropyl alcohol vapor at room temperature under blue LED illumination with a peak wavelength of 460 nm.
Machine Learning–Based Text Analysis to Predict Severely Injured Patients in Emergency Medical Dispatch: Model Development and Validation
Authors: Chin Kuan-Chen , Cheng Yu-Chia , Sun Jen-Tang , Ou Chih-Yen , Hu Chun-Hua , Tsai Ming-Chi , Ma Matthew Huei-Ming , Chiang Wen-Chu , Chen Albert Y
Published: April 2022

Background

Early recognition of severely injured patients in prehospital settings is of paramount importance for timely treatment and transportation of patients to further treatment facilities. The dispatching accuracy has seldom been addressed in previous studies.

Objective

In this study, we aimed to build a machine learning–based model through text mining of emergency calls for the automated identification of severely injured patients after a road accident.

Methods

Audio recordings of road accidents in Taipei City, Taiwan, in 2018 were obtained and randomly sampled. Data on call transfers or non-Mandarin speeches were excluded. To predict cases of severe trauma identified on-site by emergency medical technicians, all included cases were evaluated by both humans (6 dispatchers) and a machine learning model, that is, a prehospital-activated major trauma (PAMT) model. The PAMT model was developed using term frequency–inverse document frequency, rule-based classification, and a Bernoulli naïve Bayes classifier. Repeated random subsampling cross-validation was applied to evaluate the robustness of the model. The prediction performance of dispatchers and the PAMT model, in severe cases, was compared. Performance was indicated by sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy.

Results

Although the mean sensitivity and negative predictive value obtained by the PAMT model were higher than those of dispatchers, they obtained higher mean specificity, positive predictive value, and accuracy. The mean accuracy of the PAMT model, from certainty level 0 (lowest certainty) to level 6 (highest certainty), was higher except for levels 5 and 6. The overall performances of the dispatchers and the PAMT model were similar; however, the PAMT model had higher accuracy in cases where the dispatchers were less certain of their judgments.

Conclusions

A machine learning–based model, called the PAMT model, was developed to predict severe road accident trauma. The results of our study suggest that the accuracy of the PAMT model is not superior to that of the participating dispatchers; however, it may assist dispatchers when they lack confidence while making a judgment.
The Assessment of a Personalized Nutrition Tool (eNutri) in Germany: Pilot Study on Usability Metrics and Users’ Experiences
Authors: Kaiser Birgit , Stelzl Tamara , Finglas Paul , Gedrich Kurt
Published: April 2022

Background

To address the epidemic burden of diet-related diseases, adequate dietary intake assessments are needed to determine the actual nutrition intake of a population. In this context, the eNutri web app has been developed, providing online automated personalized dietary advice, based on nutritional information recorded via an integrated and validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Originally developed for a British population and their dietary habits, the eNutri tool has specifically been adapted to the German population, taking into account national eating habits and dietary recommendations.

Objective

The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the system usability and users’ experience and feedback on the eNutri app in a small-scale preliminary study. The secondary aim is to investigate the efficacy of personalized nutrition (PN) recommendations versus general dietary advice in altering eating habits.

Methods

The app was piloted for 4 weeks by 106 participants from across Germany divided into a PN group and a control group. The groups differed according to the degree of personalization of dietary recommendations obtained.

Results

An overall System Usability Scale (SUS) score of 78.4 (SD 12.2) was yielded, indicating an above average user experience. Mean completion time of the FFQ was 26.7 minutes (SD 10.6 minutes). Across subgroups (age, sex, device screen sizes) no differences in SUS or completion time were found, indicating an equal performance for all users independent of the assigned experimental group. Participants’ feedback highlighted the need for more personalized dietary advice for controls, while personalized nutritional recommendations improved the awareness of healthy eating behavior. Further improvements to the eNutri app were suggested by the app users.

Conclusions

In total, the eNutri app has proven to be a suitable instrument to capture the dietary habits of a German population sample. Regarding functionality, system usability, and handling, direct user feedback was quite positive. Nutritional advice given was rated ambivalent, pointing to several weaknesses in the eNutri app, minimizing the system’s full potential. A higher level of personalization within nutritional advice subjectively improved the app’s usability. The insights gained will be used as a basis to further develop and improve this digital diet assessment tool.
Neutrophil to Lymphocyte ratio is significantly reduced after Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kurtkulagi Ozge
Published: April 2022

Background. Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are novel therapeutic agents that became available in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This group of antidiabetic agents are associated with reduced glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting glucose, body weight and body mass index (BMI) in diabetic patients. All those beneficial effects may also be associated with a reduction in inflammatory burden. The purpose of the study is to compare neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a novel inflammatory marker derived from hemogram, before and 6 months after SGLT2i treatment in diabetic subjects. We also aimed to compare fasting glucose, HbA1c and other metabolic parameters as well as anthropometric measures (weight, BMI) before and 6 month after initiation of SGLT2i therapy. Materials and methods. The subjects with type T2DM that show up in internal medicine outpatient clinics of Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital between January 2021 and December 2021 were enrolled to the study. Pretreatment and posttreatment NLR and other parameters were compared. We also obtained pretreatment and posttreatment laboratory data including urea, creatinine, fasting glucose, HbA1c, glomerular filtration rate, aspartate and alanine transaminases, plasma sodium and potassium. Results. Fasting glucose was reduced from 195±72 mg/dl in pretreatment period to 146±53 mg/dl in posttreatment period (p<0.001). HbA1c was reduced from 9.1±1.7% in pretreatment period to 7.7±1.7% in posttreatment period (p<0.001). The NLR before treatment was 2.6±1.2% before SGLT2i treatment and was reduced to 2.2±0.6% in 6th month of SGLT2i therapy. NLR was significantly decreased after treatment (p=0.003). Conclusions. We suggest that NLR levels could be a marker of reduced inflammatory burden in T2DM subjects receiving SGLT2i treatment.
Primary hyperparathyroidism: optimize the detection and monitoring (organizational aspects)
Authors: Goncharova O.A. , Dubovik V.M. , Chernyavska I.V.
Published: April 2022

Background. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that undiagnosed primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) significantly increases the risk of osteoporosis and fractures, nephrolithiasis and renal failure, reducing the quality of life of patients. All this necessitates the improvement of the organizational system of disease detection and monitoring. The purpose of the study was to assess the incidence of hypercalcemia (HCa) in patients with endocrine disorders and to determine the sex and age composition in the subgroup with HA. Materials and methods. The frequency of HCa (by total calcium and ionized calcium levels) in 107 patients with endocrine pathology examined in endocrine clinic during November and December 2021 was determined, gender and age characteristics, the nature of endocrine pathology in the subgroup with HCa were characterized. The level of total calcium was determined by photocolorimetric method using a photometer ”Solar PM 2111“, set ”SpL“ (Ukraine), the level of ionized calcium was determined by a calculated method depending on the concentration of albumin. Results. Among patients with endocrine pathology, HCa occurs in approximately 30 % of cases. The ratio between men and women is similar in the subgroups with normo- and hypercalcemia. The presence of endocrine comorbidity in patients increases the risk of HCa. The obtained results show that the existing organization of work in Ukraine to identify and monitor patients with HCa needs to be optimized. As a sample, we can use the conceptual model of action of a primary care physician developed by American authors, aimed at optimizing the work on the detection and monitoring of PHPT. Conclusions. For Ukraine, the problem of improving the organizational system for detection and monitoring of HCa, which should include deadlines for monitoring blood calcium levels, periodicity of research, further monitoring of people with HCa, provide communications to primary and specialized physicians.
Modern views on the metabolism and biological effects of vitaminD
Authors: Tkach S.M. , Pankiv V.I. , Pankiv I.V.
Published: April 2022

VitaminD is a steroid hormone that plays a crucial role in maintaining normal bone condition and calcium homeostasis. In recent years, vitaminD has become a hot topic of endocrinological research, largelyDue to the COVID-19 pandemic and the likely correlation between hypovitaminosisD and a high risk of chronic lung disease and associated mortality. Recent studies have shown that vitaminD exhibits a complex multistage metabolism and acts as a hormone on many extracellular targets. This review examines some new intriguing and as yet unclear aspects of vitaminD metabolism, such as new concepts of enzyme regulation, new pleiotropic effects of vitaminD receptor activation (VDR), and epigenetic effects. The mechanisms of vitaminD synthesis in the skin, its metabolism in the hepatic cytochrome P450 system, catabolism, metabolites and transport, gene control and epigenetic modulation are considered inDetail. In addition to the well-known role of vitaminD in calcium and bone metabolism, it has many pleiotropic extraskeletal effects, including potent effects on the immune system, cardiovascular system, adipose tissue and glucose/lipid metabolism, muscle and more. Experimental studies have shown that VDRs are expressed by cancer cell lines. Recent studies have shown a link between low levels of vitaminD and almost all aspects of the metabolic syndrome, such as type 2 diabetes, fasting blood glucose, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity and insulin resistance. Several studies have focused on the role of vitaminD in adipose tissue biology. In particular, a negative correlation between vitaminD and leptin or resistin is shown, as well as an inverse correlation with adiponectin. Recent studies in vitaminD-deficient mice have shown impaired secretion of glucose-stimulated insulin by pancreatic islets. VitaminD is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis and progression of cancer, and vitaminD analogues can slow cancer progression and metastasis. It is concluded that vitaminD is a molecule with several endocrine, paracrine and autocrine effects on many tissues and organs, in addition to maintaining skeletal homeostasis. Research in this area, which aims to clarify the pleiotropy of many effects of vitaminD and its metabolites, continues.
Cytotoxic activity of hantap (Sterculia oblongata Mast) leaves extract against breast cancer cells line (MCF7/HER2): the effect on the expression of HER2 mRNA and the apoptosis
Authors: Sitti Ayu Suhartina Yahya  , Mustofa  , Woro Rukmi Pratiwi  , Adika Suwarman
Published: April 2022

Hantap leaves (Sterculia oblongata Mast) has been used traditionally to treat breast cancer in Palu, Central Sulawesi. However, its use is just based on empirical evidences rather than scientific evidences. The study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic activity of hantap leaves extracts against breast cancer cells line. The effect of this extract on the HER2 expression and the apoptosis was also evaluated. The hantap (S. oblongata Mast) leaves extracts were prepared by consecutive maceration method using n-hexane, methanol and water, respectively. The cytotoxic activity against MCF7/HER2 breast cancer cells line was evaluated using the MTT assay with doxorubicin as a positive control. The HER2 mRNA expression was examined using RT-PCR and the apoptosis after 24 h incubation was examined using a fluorescence microscope after AO-PI (acridine orange-propidium iodide) staining. Among three extracts tested, the methanolic extract exhibited the most cytotoxic against MCF7/HER2 cells with an IC50 of 91.25 μg/mL. Therefore, the methanolic extract was subjected to further study. The methanolic extract at concentration of 1/2IC50; 1IC50 and 2IC50 μM induced 6.8; 26.3 and 25.3% apoptosis of the MFC7/HER2 cell lines, respectively. The methanolic extract at concentration of 1/2IC50; 1IC50 and 2IC50 μM inhibited HER2 mRNA expression to be 0.6; 0.25 and 0.33 compared to control cells. In conclusion, the methanolic extract of hantap leaves (S. oblongata Mast) has cytotoxic activity against MCF7/HER2 breast cancer cell lines by induce cells apoptosis and inhibit HER2 mRNA expression. Further study, will be conducted to isolate active constituents as anticancer.
Conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARD) in rheumatoid arthritis during pregnancy and lactation: a review
Authors: Pulungan Yulianasari , Saputra Andy Kurniawan , Purnamasari Desy , Wijayanti Nunuk , Sari Laras Ratna
Published: April 2022

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune and prominent inflammatory disorder that can affect wide of variety body systems, mainly joints. In Indonesia, the prevalence of RA is about 7.3% and mostly are women. The majority of women with RA are at childbearing and can be worsening throughout pregnancy and lactation. Conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) are the most common used medicine in RA for pregnancy and lactation. This scoping review was conducted using publications obtained from PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, POPLINE, and Google Scholar concerning the safety of csDMARD in rheumatoid arthritis during pregnancy and lactation from 2011 to 2021. Among csDMARDs reviewed, sulfasalazine, hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, and cyclosporine are relatively safe for pregnant and lactating women. However, they should be used in caution by considering the risk and benefit as well as under clinical supervision.
CatSper and Two-Pore channels (TPC) in GtoPdb v.2022.1
Authors: Chung Jean-Ju , Clapham David E. , Garbers David L. , Grimm Christian M. , Ren Dejian
Published: April 2022

CatSper channels (CatSper1-4, nomenclature as agreed by NC-IUPHAR [14]) are putative 6TM, voltage-gated, alkalinization-activated calcium permeant channels that are presumed to assemble as a tetramer of α-like subunits and mediate the current ICatSper [23]. In mammals, CatSper subunits are structurally most closely related to individual domains of voltage-activated calcium channels (Cav) [40]. CatSper1 [40], CatSper2 [37] and CatSpers 3 and 4 [27, 21, 36], in common with a putative 2TM auxiliary CatSperβ protein [26] and two putative 1TM associated CatSperγ and CatSperδ proteins [46, 12], are restricted to the testis and localised to the principle piece of sperm tail. The novel cross-species CatSper channel inhibitor, RU1968, has been proposed as a useful tool to aid characterisation of native CatSper channels [41].Two-pore channels (TPCs) are structurally related to CatSpers, CaVs and NaVs. TPCs have a 2x6TM structure with twice the number of TMs of CatSpers and half that of CaVs. There are three animal TPCs (TPC1-TPC3). Humans have TPC1 and TPC2, but not TPC3. TPC1 and TPC2 are localized in endosomes and lysosomes [5]. TPC3 is also found on the plasma membrane and forms a voltage-activated, non-inactivating Na+ channel [6]. All the three TPCs are Na+-selective under whole-cell or whole-organelle patch clamp recording [48, 8, 7]. The channels may also conduct Ca2+ [31].
Blood coagulation components in GtoPdb v.2022.1
Authors: Wong Szu S.
Published: April 2022

Coagulation as a process is interpreted as a mechanism for reducing excessive blood loss through the generation of a gel-like clot local to the site of injury. The process involves the activation, adhesion (see Integrins), degranulation and aggregation of platelets, as well as proteins circulating in the plasma. The coagulation cascade involves multiple proteins being converted to more active forms from less active precursors (for example, prothrombin [Factor II] is converted to thrombin [Factor IIa]), typically through proteolysis (see Proteases). Listed here are the components of the coagulation cascade targeted by agents in current clinical usage or at an advanced level of development.
Adaptive Headlights System for Four Wheelers: A Review
Authors: Brahmbhatt Shubh , Panchal Harmish , Patel Meet , Thakkar Vikas , Shah Prof. Krupal , Dogra Prof. Bharat
Published: April 2022

Abstract: This paper focuses on the review of design and working of a microcontroller based Adaptive Headlight System (AHS) for automobiles. The main purpose of this system is to present a cost-effective technique to illuminate blind spots while driving in the night and during the times when the visibility is reduced significantly to make the objects visible in those darkened locations and thereby prevent accidents. The system functions in accordance to the controlled input from microcontroller unit which drives the stepper motors connected to the headlights. The system is also designed to receive input from the indicator switch wherein a full turn is achieved by the headlight mirror when the indicator input is given. Also, the adaptive headlights are automatically switched on when the amount of light measured by a photo diode falls below a threshold, thereby eliminating the need for the driver to switch on the headlights.
Crime Management System
Authors: Malim Mr. Amaan , Sayed Mr. Mohammad , Wagh Mr. Taher , Nair Mr. Abhijith , Islam Dr. Lutful
Published: April 2022

Abstract: We all know that nowadays the crime rate is frequently increasing day by day in our society. From this we have an idea to develop the system. Problem was that people got tired by going here and there to get justice. So our application is capable of registering FIR online, showing investigation updates, delivering news about crime etc. So it is an application which provides solutions to the problems faced during taking actions against crime.
Security in Cloud: From Individual to Multi Cloud
Authors: Sahu Kapil Kumar , Tajammul Mohd
Published: April 2022

Abstract: The use of cloud technology has increased in many businesses.Cloud providers should handle privacy and security concerns as a top priority. Customers are increasingly less interested in dealing with "individual cloud" suppliers due to potential issues such as availability and performance failure and the threat of hostile intruders in the individual cloud. This study focuses on the problems regarding cloud computing's data security. Usage of cloud computing wish to avoid using an unscrupulous cloud provider because their information and data will be transferred with a third party. Protecting sensitive and confidential information from attackers or malicious insiders. Keywords: Security, Individual cloud, Multi-cloud.
Design and Fabrication of Multi-Purpose Cutting Machine for Agricultural Uses
Authors: Mehar Dr. P. G. , Misal Laxmikant , Donadkar Sumit , Sukhadeve Akash , Tonge Shubham , Gotmare Sanket , Kolhatkar Devendra
Published: April 2022

Abstract: As agriculture is one of the main occupations in India, it is very essential to discover and implement new ideas in this field, although a lot of work has been done in this area. It is a pity that these ideas are not properly implemented in the real field. This is due to the high cost and difficult for the rural population. Multi-purpose agricultural cutting equipment is the basic and main equipment involved in agriculture for maximum performance. The conventional method of planting and growing crops is a laborious process, and therefore there is a shortage of manpower, resulting in a delay in agriculture to overcome these difficulties. Multi-purpose agricultural equipment is designed. Agriculture plays a vital role in the Indian economy. Over 70% of rural households depend on agriculture. Agriculture is an important sector of the Indian economy, contributing approximately 8.4% to the total GDP and providing employment for over 60% of the population. Indian agriculture has experienced impressive growth over the past few decades. Keywords: Sugarcane Seed Cutting, Groundnut Stripper, Straw Cutting, Design, Fabrication, Modeling.
Foreign direct investment and export diversification in developing countries
Authors: Gamariel Gladys , Bomani Mapeto , Musikavanhu Lucky , Juana James
Published: April 2022

This study examines the individual and interactive impact of foreign direct investment (FDI), domestic production structure, infrastructure, natural resource endowment, and fiscal incentives on export diversification. The econometric estimation is based on a dynamic systems general method of moments (sGMM) analysis using panel data from 44 Sub-Sahara African (SSA) countries. The study finds a positive export-diversifying effect of FDI in SSA suggesting that FDI has an influence on the composition of export baskets in host economies. Furthermore, diversifying production sectors, credible institutions, and macroeconomic stability are essential for promoting export diversification, while landlockedness and natural resource endowments contribute to export concentration. The study finds that the FDI’s impact on export diversification is reinforced by better access to infrastructure and fiscal incentives to foreign investors in special economic zones (SEZs). The latter results compare with findings by Farole and Moberg (2017), while the importance of infrastructure in export diversification is emphasised by Fosu (2021). The findings from this study are particularly important to SSA economies that other than having highly concentrated export baskets have in recent years faced declines in FDI albeit limited domestic capital and government resources needed to propel export diversification. SSA economies must focus on efforts to attract more FDI possibly through regulatory reforms that grant foreign investors fiscal incentives for investing in targeted sectors and operating in SEZs.
Nutritional status and inflammatory markers as survival predictors in pediatric central nervous system tumors
Authors: Santos Isabelle Lôpo dos , Silva Gabrielle Vargas , Murad Leonardo , Murad Luana
Published: April 2022

Background: Central nervous system tumors (CNS) are the second most
common malignancies in childhood. Inflammation and changes in
nutritional status play an important role and can be used as prognostic
markers. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the predictive ability of
nutritional status and inflammatory markers on overall survival (OS) of
pediatric patients with CNS. Methods: In this retrospective cohort
study, 103 patients were followed for 1, 3, and 5 years. Clinical,
anthropometric, and hematological data were collected. Body mass index
for age (BMI/A), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and systemic
inflammation response index (SIRI) were calculated. OS curves were
calculated using the Kaplan Meier method and evaluated using the
Log-Rank test. The Cox proportional hazards model was performed to
identify independent variables associated with prognostic factors,
generating hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results: Nutritional status did not significantly affect OS. However,
patients with NLR ≥ 2.18 and SIRI ≥ 1249.18 had significantly lower OS
in the three periods evaluated. However, only treatment with exclusive
radiotherapy or chemotherapy (RT or CT) and high NLR were identified as
independent prognostic factors for worse OS. Treatment (RT or CT) was an
independent prognostic factor for OS at 1 year (HR: 12.76; 95%CI
1.73-94.12), 3 years (HR: 16.22; 95%CI 2.19-120.06), and 5 years (HR:
16.2295%CI 2.19-120.07) while NLR was a prognostic factor only at 3
years and 5 years (HR: 1.94; 95%CI 1.02-3.69). Conclusion: High
pretreatment NLR was shown to be an independent prognostic factor for OS
in pediatric patients with CNS.
Gestalt Therapy in Argentina: Revolution, Evolution, and Contributions
Authors: SLEMENSON MARTA
Published: April 2022

I have tried to develop a wide range of perspectives—historical, sociological, political and clinical—for therapy in Argentina. I have also advanced some new ideas about differences between northern and southern (Latin) Gestalt, with some indications on what should follow from them. From the clinical viewpoint, two questions concern me especially: how do we treat a wounded society, and how do we focus Gestalt therapy toward this society's needs? I am particularly thankful to Penny Backman and Joel Latner for their careful and intelligent editing.
Minds and Brains for Gestalt Therapists
Authors: BURLEY TODD
Published: April 2022

Gestalt therapy has the luxury of having been developed by individuals who were eager to assimilate and integrate the exciting information and theories circulating in psychological circles in their time. A perhaps unintended consequence has been that Gestalt therapy has evolved in parallel with many of the major contributions in the cognitive and neuropsychological revolution in experimental psychology. As a result, Gestalt theory provides an excellent framework for psychology in general and experimental psychology has been quietly providing validation for many of the basic concepts of Gestalt therapy. This article details some of the important areas of this validation and the evolution of current Gestalt theory.
What Changes the Individual in Gestalt Groups? A Proposed Theoretical Model
Authors: HANDLON JOSEPH H. , FREDERICSON ISABEL
Published: April 2022

Our purpose is to account for the positive changes in individuals who participate in a Gestalt-oriented group. A theoretical model is suggested that attempts to integrate the therapeutic interactions that take place in a Gestalt group with certain internal changes that occur within these individuals. This proposed conceptual model is based on seven general assumptions about the dynamics of individuals interacting in a group. It is field/systems based and suggests six therapeutic vehicles present in a Gestalt-oriented group that make possible specified changes of the internal structures in individuals. Clinical examples are provided to illustrate the model's applications.
Organizational Consulting: What a Gestalt Approach Can Learn from Off-Off-Broadway Theater
Authors: SANER RAYMOND
Published: April 2022

This paper proposes to enlarge the scope of traditional inquiry of Gestalt therapy and Gestalt-oriented organization development through a comparison of contemporary theater and organizational consulting practice. The goal of this paper is to move closer to both worlds and to compare directly the most recent developments in both fields, namely Off-Off-Broadway (OOB) theater with contemporary management consulting or Off-Off-Wall Street (OOW) consulting. Both OOB and OOW show manifestations of postmodernism that have important implications for Gestaltoriented organization development consulting. These manifestations are discussed in the latter part of the paper.
Autism in Gestalt Theory Towards a Gestalt Theory of Personality
Authors: AMESCUA GUADALUPE
Published: April 2022

For us, who work with children and adolescents, it is very important to have a developmental Gestalt theory, as well as a Gestalt approach to psychopathology. Based on the theory of contact and the self, I consider autism as a contact and boundary problem in which the child is caught right at the boundary. Thus, we can think of a Gestalt approach to autism. As a result of my experience with autistic children, I present an explanation of the development of the child utilizing a Gestalt perspective.
Do Big 4 Auditors Enhance Audit Quality in China? A “Behind the Scenes Look”
Authors: Chen Songsheng , Krishnan Gopal V. , Li Wenying , Zhang Yinqi
Published: April 2022

We contribute to the debate on whether the “Big N effect” on audit quality is due to client self-selection by controlling for pre-audit earnings quality. Using data from the Chinese Institute of Certified Public Accountants, we find that pre-audit earnings quality is higher for Big 4 clients. Controlling for pre-audit earnings quality, restatement frequency is lower for Big 4 clients than for non-Big 4 clients, but there is no significant difference in discretionary accruals between Big 4 and non-Big 4 clients. Our findings indicate that Big 4 and non-Big 4 auditors in China pursue different strategies to enhance audit quality. The Big 4 enhance audit quality by recruiting and retaining clients with higher earnings quality and acting more conservatively toward clients with a higher risk for earnings restatement. In contrast, non-Big 4 auditors enhance audit quality by requiring more downward audit adjustments.
Operating Leases and Credit Assessments: The Role of Main Banks in Japan
Authors: Koga Yuya , Saudagaran Shahrokh M.
Published: April 2022

This study examines how Japanese banks evaluate off-balance sheet operating leases in their credit assessments. Using a sample of 6,985 firm-year observations in Japan over the period 2001 to 2017, we find that banks in Japan evaluate off-balance sheet operating leases in certain circumstances. First, we find that banks evaluate such leases when firms have a strong relationship with a main bank. Second, banks assess firms' credit risk by evaluating operating leases if there is a strong main bank relationship especially when estimation reliability is low. We uncover robust results by controlling for the systematic characteristics of a strong main bank relationship. Our study thus suggests that the main bank relationship plays the important role of conveying the off-balance sheet operating leases in loan contracts in Japan.
Ceratium furcoides (Levander) Langhans in reservoirs at the Ebro watershed, Spain and Sao Paulo state, Brazil
Authors: Sendra Maria Dolores , Moschini-Carlos Viviane , Pompêo Marcelo L. M. , Xavier Soria , Soria Juan Miguel , Vicente Eduardo
Published: April 2022

This study compares the morphological characteristics of the dinoflagellate Ceratium furcoides from three Ebro basin reser¬voirs (Spain) and from six reservoirs at São Paulo state (Brazil) with the aim to identify the distinct morphotypes of Ceratium furcoides in Spain and Brazil. We studied the physical and chemical variables to determine the trophic state of each reservoir. Unlike Ceratium hirundinella, Ceratium furcoides is not a frequent species within the plankton community at Ebro Basin reservoirs, however, this species has been responsible of one monospecific bloom at El Val reservoir. Nevertheless, both Ce-ratium species are considered invasive in South America. Ceratium furcoides has displaced C. hirundinella at São Paulo state reservoirs, reaching high densities, to the extent of forming monospecific blooms. Morphometric analysis was performed by optic and electronic microscopy (DIC and SEM respectively). The analysis shows significant differences in: i) total cell length, ii) horns length and iii) presence or absence of a fourth horn. While the microscopic study allows differentiating morphotypes according to the reservoir typology, a deeper study using molecular genetic techniques on the different populations of C. fur¬coides would allow to know better the relationship between the dinoflagellate dynamics and the reservoirs trophic states.
Battonya–Pusztaföldvári-hát térségének nagy entalpiájú geotermikusenergia-vagyona (I. rész): hidrodinamikai és hőtranszportmodell
Authors: Kun Éva , Zilahi-Sebess László , Szanyi János
Published: April 2022

Magyarország jórészt kiaknázatlan nagy entalpiájú geotermikus energia készlete lehetővé teszi áramtermelő geotermikus rendszerek létesítését. A mélységi geotermikus potenciál meghatározása, hasznosíthatóságának mértéke jelentős bizonytalansággal terhelt, melynek mértékét archív kutatási eredmények alapján készülő numerikus modellvizsgálatokkal csökkenthetjük. A nagy entalpiájú geotermikus energiahasznosítás, a hazai szerkezet- és szénhidrogén kutatások során feltárt aljzati kiemelkedésekre fókuszál. Vizsgálatunk célterülete, a Battonya–Pusztaföldvári-hát is mély árkokkal szegélyezett aljzati magaslat. Jelentőségét az elmúlt időszak geotermikus hasznosítást célzó kutatásai adják. Tanulmányunkban ismertetjük a Battonya–Pusztaföldvári-hát határon átnyúló 3D-s hidrodinamikai és hőtranszport modelljét, melyet szubregionális léptékben ekviporózus megközelítéssel készítettünk el. Alapvető célunk volt, hogy modellünkkel egyaránt leképezzük a hátság okozta hőanomáliát és az áramlási tér komplexitását. A szimuláció során az aljzati hátság mérésekkel detektált felfűtöttebb állapotát az árok és hátság közötti kőzetminőségi eltérése, illetve az alaphegység mállott, fellazult zónájának intenzívebb fluidumáramlása eredőjeként állítottuk elő. Az általunk készített regionális numerikus szimuláció jó támpontot nyújt a különböző célú pórustérhasznosítások egymásra gyakorolt hatásainak előrejelzéséhez, védendő termelési hozamok meghatározásához, valamint hasznos eszköz lehet a geotermikus védőidom kijelöléséhez is.
The effect of timing and intensity of weed harrowing in triticale-lupin mixture on weeds and crops
Authors: Tendziagolska Ewa , Sobkowicz Piotr
Published: April 2022

The aim of the study was to find the most beneficial time of weed harrowing with its intensity represented by the number of passes with spring-tine harrow executed on one day in a mixture of triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm.) and narrow-leaved lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.). The randomized complete block design was applied in field conditions in 2015–2017. It comprised one factor, the timing and the intensity of post-emergence weed harrowing with the spring-tine harrow. The plots were harrowed once, twice, or three times on one day at six consecutive growth stages of triticale: BBCH 10, 11, 12, 13, 21, 22. Harrowing did not increase the grain yield of the triticale-lupin mixture, and when repeated three times at BBCH 21, it decreased the grain yield. The cereal was more resistant than lupin to timing and intensity of harrowing. The weeds were best controlled by a single cultivation conducted at the first leaf of triticale. This method caused a significant reduction in the density and the biomass of weeds at the anthesis of triticale and a reduction in the weed biomass at the full maturity of the mixture. Increasing intensity of harrowing by repeating cultivations had relatively weak influence on the weeds.
”Pysähtymisessä vaanii kuolema” – Eino Ruutsalon kokeellinen 1960-luku
Authors: Home Marko
Published: April 2022

Lectio praecursoria: Marko Homeen väitöskirja ”Pysähtymisessä vaanii kuolema” – Eino Ruutsalon kokeellinen 1960-luku tarkastettiin Helsingin yliopistossa 11.9.2021. Vastaväittäjänä toimi dosentti Roni Grén (Turun yliopisto) ja kustoksena professori Ville Lukkarinen (Helsingin yliopisto).
Marian monet puolet
Authors: Takanen Ringa
Published: April 2022

Kirja-arvio: Sisko Ylimartimo, Marian katse. Kuvia, kuvitelmia ja kertomuksia (Helsinki: Avain, 2021).
Etiikka ja esoteria rakennusmuodoissa
Authors: Ikkala Marja-Leena
Published: April 2022

Lectio praecursoria: Marja-Leena Ikkalan taidehistorian väitöskirja ”Etiikka ja esoteria rakennusmuodoissa – Rudolf Steinerin ensimmäinen ja toinen Goetheanum” tarkastettiin Helsingin yliopistossa 14.10.2021. Vastaväittäjänä toimi Annika Waenerberg (Jyväskylän yliopisto) ja kustoksena Ville Lukkarinen (Helsingin yliopisto).