bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Achmea and the Implications for Challenge Proceedings before National Courts
Authors: Sandberg David , Rosell Svensson Jacob
Published: July 2024

Almost two years have passed since the CJEU delivered its ruling in
the Achmea case. Since then, the topic of intra-EU investment
arbitration has been frequently debated by academics and practitioners.
However, only two national courts in EU Member States have rendered judgments
in which the CJEU’s findings in Achmea have been subject to
interpretation; the German Bundesgerichtshof (BGH) which set
aside the arbitral award between Slovakia and Achmea B.V., and the Swedish Svea
Court of Appeal which dismissed the challenge of the arbitral awards between
Poland and PL Holdings. This article examines the interpretation of the CJEU’s
judgment in Achmea by the BGH and the Svea Court of Appeal,
focusing on the reasoning of the latter. The article seeks to explain the
different outcomes in light of, in particular, differences in Slovakia’s and
Poland’s respective conduct during the arbitral proceeding, and differences
between German and Swedish law. This article argues that the Svea Court of
Appeal’s approach was fully reconcilable with the BGH’s judgment as well as EU
law as interpreted by the CJEU in Achmea.
Assessing the CJEU’s Decisions in Achmea and Opinion 1/17 in Light of the Proposed Multilateral Investment Court (Winner of the Essay Competition 2020)
Authors: Jamieson Crawford
Published: July 2024

This article argues that the CJEU’s recent jurisprudence on the
principle of autonomy has been carefully crafted to lend support to the
European Commission’s efforts to establish a Multilateral Investment Court. The
CJEU has historically approached international courts and tribunals with
caution. However, the Multilateral Investment Court is unlike other such
bodies, because it is designed to supplant existing models of investment
arbitration which the CJEU disdains. Moreover, certain features of the
Multilateral Investment Court would be likely to make it especially attractive
to the CJEU – namely its probable applicable law, judicial structure, and the
control the CJEU could exert upon it. The surprising and sudden shift in tone
between the CJEU’s recent decisions in Achmea and Opinion 1/17
becomes readily explicable when the two cases are viewed in light of the
proposed Multilateral Investment Court. On analysis, the CJEU’s apparent
support for the Multilateral Investment Court is best understood as the logical
continuation of its longstanding jurisprudence on the principle of autonomy.
If You are not Part of the Solution, You are the Problem: Article 37 of the EU Charter as a Defence for Climate Change and Environmental Measures in Investor-State Arbitrations (Joint 2nd Prize Winner Essay Competition 2020)
Authors: Humblet Florence , Duggal Kabir
Published: July 2024

Climate change is severely impacting the survival of humankind on earth.
In the European Union (EU), the Charter of Fundamental Rights (EU Charter)
codifies environmental protection as part of the EU’s corpus of fundamental
rights protection and states that ‘a high level of environmental protection and
the improvement of the quality of the environment must be integrated into the
policies of the EU and ensured in accordance with the principle of sustainable
development’. By virtue of this article, the EU has elevated environmental
protection to the level of constitutionality. Environmental concerns have
played a critical role in investor-state arbitration. This article submits that
Article 37 of the EU Charter might be a viable defence for Member States of the
EU (Member States) that adopt climate change and environmental measures. Such
defence would not consist of a jurisdictional challenge based on the Achmea decision
but of a defence based on the applicable law which protects the notion of
sustainable investment enshrined in the applicable international investment
agreement. Article 37 of the EU Charter could, therefore, operate a powerful
tool to foster environmental protection in investor-state disputes and,
therefore, address one of the most widespread complaints in the backlash
against investor-state arbitration.
The Proliferation of Courts and Tribunals: Navigating Multiple Proceedings – 5th EFILA Annual Lecture 2019
Authors: de Chazournes Laurence Boisson
Published: July 2024

Recognising that the settlement of international disputes has always
been and continues to be characterised by its plurality, this lecture explores
the different ways to achieve a coordinated dispute resolution process, with
particular reference to investment disputes. Some of these means come into play
at the time of the referral to the courts, thus preventing a situation of
multiple proceedings from occurring. Others operate downstream of the referral,
in order to coordinate the multiple proceedings arising from the same dispute.
The lecture then concludes with an examination of the legal foundations
underlying the use of these means.
Investment Protection Under the EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement: Limited but Predictable?
Authors: Pape Samuel , Zhou Alice
Published: July 2024

After ten months of intense negotiations, the EU-UK Trade and
Cooperation Agreement (TCA) was concluded on 24 December 2020. The TCA runs to
1,246 pages and covers what may be the broadest range of issues ever to be
addressed within an international trade agreement. However, the TCA’s limited
investment protection provisions have been met with perplexity and expressions
of disappointment among commentators. In particular, the limited set of
substantive investment protections and the absence of an investor-State dispute
settlement (ISDS) mechanism have been viewed as something of a missed
opportunity, particularly as the EU and the UK have agreed to more expansive
investment chapters in recent trade agreements with third parties. Why did the
UK and the EU ultimately limit the scope of investment protection and exclude
ISDS under the TCA? This article examines this question by analysing the key
features of the TCA’s investment chapter and tracing the underlying investment
policy dynamics, including the UK’s and the EU’s respective negotiating
positions that led to the TCA’s circumscribed investment chapter. This article
also considers the significance and potential implications of the TCA for the
UK’s and the EU’s respective investment policies going forward.
Revisiting the Concept of Legitimate Expectations in Renewable Energy Treaty Cases
Authors: Ilie Lucian
Published: July 2024

The past decade has seen a significantly increased level of foreign
investment as a result of international initiatives on the development of
alternative energy sources. The renewable energy sector often depends on
significant up-front investments, which can only be recouped over a long
period. Given the substantial initial capital investment required, many
countries have implemented government subsidies and support schemes to
encourage investments in renewable energy. For different reasons, some
countries have recently decided to change or eliminate those incentives,
triggering a wave of arbitral proceedings. These disputes raise fundamental
questions, particularly concerning the need for investment protection, on the
one hand, and the host State’s right to regulate, on the other. This article
provides an overview of the evolution of the concept of legitimate expectations
in renewable energy cases, which covers (1) the traditional approach giving
rise to legitimate expectations, reflecting contractual arrangements and
specific commitments or representations made by States, and (2) the modern
approach where legitimate expectations may arise under a general domestic
regulatory or legislative framework aimed to attract investments, and from
investors’ expectations to obtain a ‘reasonable rate of return’ on their
investments.
Article 26(7) of the Energy Charter Treaty – An Analysis into Its Inadequacies and A Proposal for Potential Remedies (Winner of the Essay Competition 2021)
Authors: Shiralkar Yash
Published: July 2024

This article analyses Article 26(7) of the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT),
a provision granting domestic entities standing against their home States if
they were under foreign control prior to the occurrence of the dispute. It will
first delve into the potential lapses in the provision’s requirements owing to
its unique drafting. It will then highlight additional discrepancies in the
phrasing of the provision that leads to it being ultimately without effect,
despite its requirements being met. It finally contemplates possible amendments
of Article 26(7) of the ECT, such that it may serve its underlying purpose.
The Higher Regional Court of Frankfurt am Main Is the First European Court to Declare the Achmea Case a Landmark Decision with Significance for All intra-EU BITs
Authors: Stompfe Philipp
Published: July 2024

In February 2021, the Higher Regional Court of Frankfurt am Main (Oberlandesgericht–
‘OLG’), rendered a decision in the case between the Republic of Croatia
(‘Croatia’) as the applicant, and an Austrian bank incorporated as a joint
stock company under Austrian law and a Croatian bank incorporated as a joint
stock company under the laws of Croatia having the Austrian bank as its sole
shareholder as the Respondents (‘Respondents’). This decision concerns the
incompatibility of an arbitration clause contained in the Agreement between the
Republic of Austria and Croatia on the Promotion and Protection of Investments
(‘Austria-Croatia BIT’) with EU law. Croatia successfully challenged the
admissibility of an UNCITRAL arbitration based on Article 9(2)(b) of the
Austria-Croatia BIT, initiated by the Respondents, by virtue of an application
under Section 1032(2) of the German Code of Civil Procedure (Zivilprozessordnung –
‘ZPO’). Croatia argued that Article 9(2)(b) of the Austria-Croatia BIT was
incompatible with EU law.
Dispelling Myths – The European Court of Human Rights as a Viable Alternative to Investor-State Dispute Settlement in the European Union (Winner of the Essay Competition 2023)
Authors: Pap Daniel
Published: July 2024

This contribution will focus on the question of whether the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR, the Court) can serve as an alternative forum for investment treaty disputes arising under bilateral investment treaties concluded between two EU Member States (intra- EU bit s). Some authors have examined the question whether the European Convention on Human Rights (echr) can serve as an alternative to investor state dispute settlement (isds) in general. Their conclusion was that despite the similarities between the international investment arbitration system and the investment protection offered by the echr, the latter can merely complement the isds system but not replace it. However, following the annihilation of the intra- EU bit s regime, the landscape of isds in Europe has changed drastically. Consequently, the time is ripe to revisit the question. The paper posits that, contrary to common beliefs about the deficiencies of the proceedings before the Court, in recent years, due to certain developments in procedure and jurisprudence, the Court is now a viable alternative to isds.
Wendy Miles KC on The Role of Law in Promoting, Facilitating and Protecting Investment in Net Zero What Is It and Why Does It Matter? (8th Annual EFILA Conference Keynote Speech 2023)
Authors: Daszko Agata
Published: July 2024

The keynote reflected on the challenges of developing a holistic approach, which would combine investment law, environmental and social justice elements in order to achieve the necessary energy transition. It is clear that all are in the same boat and that collective effort is required, with particular focus on sme s. No solutions are proposed but the investment law community is called up to open up its mind for this holistic approach.
Article: The 2019 BLEU Model BIT: BLEU’s Vision of the Future of Investment Protection
Authors: Kremer Max , Paschalidis Paschalis , Brossmann Dano , Vedev Peter
Published: July 2024

This article compares the 2019 BLEU model bilateral investment treaty with the older 2002 version. After an overview of the BLEU’s role as a major actor in international investment law, the authors argue that the changes introduced by the 2019 Model BIT reflect the EU’s policy towards foreign investment protection. The drafters of the 2019 Model BIT were inspired by the EU-Canada Comprehensive Economic and trade Agreement and the European Commission’s proposal to establish a Multilateral Investment Court. The 2019 Model BIT marks a shift from liberalization of foreign direct investment (FDI) to the protection of the sovereign powers, in particular the State’s right to regulate, and the curtailing of investment protection presented as a response to the investment protection system’s misuse and abuse by investors. By placing certain limitations to substantive standards of protection, placing strong emphasis of sustainable development objectives and advocating a reform of the investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS), the 2019 BLEU Model BIT puts forward a vision for the future of investment protection that departs from the Washington Consensus of economic liberalization but also enables the investment protection system to survive in the face of the so-called backlash against ISDS and the criticism of civil society.
Article: Collateral Damage Through Sanctions: The Role of ISDS for Third Party Investors Impacted by EU Sanctions Against Russia
Authors: Hildebrandt Julia
Published: July 2024

The EU is considered the most active international organization in terms of sanctions. Since the start of the Russian aggression against Ukraine in 2014 alone, the EU has enacted twelve sanction packages targeting the economies of Russia and Belarus in specific sectors and established a list of over 1900 (As of January 2024, see https://eu-solidarity-ukraine.ec.europa.eu/eu-sanctions-against-russia-following-invasion-ukraine/sanctions-against-individuals-compa nies-and-organisations_en.) individuals and companies subject to assets freezes and travel bans. While those sanctions are targeted and specific, they nevertheless have an effect outside of Russia, due to their vast impact on important economic sectors, import and export and commodity pricing. To put it bluntly, it is virtually impossible to prevent a spillover effect beyond the Russian borders in times of a globalized, interconnected economic reality. The current sanction regime is not only widely impactful, but also a legal curiosity. EU sanctions are not ordinary countermeasures under public international law. They are coordinated acts by a group of States replying to the unlawful conduct of another State against a third. There is no connection strictu sensu between the EU and Russia’s aggression against Ukraine. These two particularities – the wide and partially unwanted effects of EU sanctions and their legal uncertainties – give rise to the question: Is there a way to check, balance and mitigate the impact of EU sanctions for those who find themselves to be ‘collateral damage’ thereof? This article argues that investment arbitration can answer this question in the positive. For this purpose, the article will first examine the effects of EU sanctions on non- Russian investors. Consequently, it will analyze the legal nature of EU sanctions under public international law, before turning to the role of investment arbitration and specifically the principle of proportionality to show how investment arbitration may mitigate unwanted results of EU sanctions without diminishing the desired effects of the regime.
DESENVOLVENDO PRÁTICAS DIDÁTICAS INOVADORAS: ESTRATÉGIAS DINÂMICAS PARA O ENSINO
Authors: Lordes Josinete Braga Borges , Lima Ediana Bernardo Teles , Pinto Carmen Lucia Almeida , Santos Creuza Brandão da Silva , Barth Lia da Silva , Ribeiro Sirlene da Silva , Pereira Erenita do Nascimento , Silva Stefany Cordeiro Brinda da , Silva Lilian Rangel da , Baiense Thalita Pacheco , Santos Lesiane Cordeiro da Silva , Caetano Jaline Benevides Pacheco
Published: July 2024

Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar e analisar práticas didáticas inovadoras para serem implementadas no contexto educacional brasileiro, visando promover um ensino mais dinâmico e participativo. A pesquisa qualitativa e bibliográfica revisou diversas fontes acadêmicas para compilar e sintetizar conhecimentos sobre metodologias ativas, uso de tecnologias educacionais e práticas de avaliação diversificadas. As metodologias ativas, como a aprendizagem baseada em projetos e a sala de aula invertida, mostraram-se eficazes em engajar os alunos, promovendo autonomia e protagonismo no processo de aprendizagem. A integração de tecnologias digitais, incluindo plataformas de e-learning, aplicativos educativos e ferramentas emergentes como realidade aumentada e inteligência artificial, revelou-se crucial para personalizar o ensino e atender às necessidades individuais dos alunos. A formação continuada dos professores foi destacada como essencial para a implementação eficaz dessas práticas, capacitando-os a utilizar novas metodologias e tecnologias. Além disso, a interdisciplinaridade e a integração de diferentes áreas do conhecimento favoreceram o desenvolvimento de um pensamento crítico e sistêmico entre os alunos. A avaliação diversificada, incorporando portfólios, projetos e autoavaliações, permitiu uma compreensão mais ampla das habilidades e conhecimentos dos alunos, valorizando o processo de aprendizagem e o desenvolvimento pessoal. Estudos de caso demonstraram o sucesso dessas abordagens em diversas instituições, destacando a importância de uma educação centrada no aluno e baseada em evidências. Em conclusão, a pesquisa oferece um conjunto de estratégias didáticas que podem ser aplicadas de forma efetiva nas salas de aula brasileiras, contribuindo para uma educação de qualidade, dinâmica e alinhada às demandas contemporâneas, preparando os estudantes para os desafios do século XXI e promovendo um aprendizado significativo e duradouro.
ANÁLISE DOS INDICADORES DE SAÚDE DE UM MUNICÍPIO MINEIRO NOS ANOS DE 2010 E 2019
Authors: Resende Ana Clara Almada , Carvalho Laura Andrade , Silva Ana Helena Ribeiro , Oliveira Fernanda Keller Silva , Schneider Giovanna , Leão Raiane de Cássia Souza , Silva Raiane Camila Silva e , Resende Jane Daisy de Sousa Almada
Published: July 2024

O turismo movimenta a economia, promove a interação cultural e contribui para o desenvolvimento social, destacando a importância de um sistema de saúde eficiente e bem preparado. Assim, investir na infraestrutura de saúde melhora a qualidade de vida dos moradores e fortalece a reputação do destino como seguro e atrativo. Entre os municípios mineiros, Andrelândia se destaca por sua rica tradição em turismo,  e assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer o perfil da saúde no município de Andrelândia e analisar a cobertura da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) no período de 2010 a 2019. Metodologia: Foi utilizado as bases de DATASUS; e-Gestor, IBGE, permitindo a realização de projetos específicos de saúde, além de outras fontes como: censos, relatórios, documentos, relatório anual de gestão municipal. Resultado: Andrelândia, como o Brasil, está passando por uma transição demográfica com menos crianças e mais idosos, o que desafia os serviços de saúde locais. O envelhecimento populacional exige foco nas doenças crônicas e degenerativas, que precisam de cuidados contínuos. Apesar da cobertura de 100% da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), Andrelândia ainda tem internações por doenças evitáveis, mostrando a necessidade de melhorar a eficácia dos serviços de saúde primários.Conclusão: Essa mudança demográfica implica que as políticas e práticas de saúde devem ser reavaliadas e ajustadas. A diminuição da população jovem e o aumento da população idosa requerem uma reorientação dos recursos e esforços da saúde pública para atender adequadamente às necessidades desse novo perfil populacional.
USO DE TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS NO ENSINO DE MATEMÁTICA: UMA ANÁLISE REALIZADA NA BASE NACIONAL COMUM CURRICULAR
Authors: Pereira Daniela Vieira , Silva Maria Deusa Ferreira da
Published: July 2024

O presente texto é resultado de uma pesquisa realizada no documento que orienta o ensino de Matemática na Educação Básica, a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC). O objetivo desta investigação é analisar como a BNCC propõe o uso de Tecnologias Digitais no Ensino de Matemática no Ensino Fundamental. Para atingir esse objetivo, realizou-se a leitura e análise crítica desse documento curricular no que refere às orientações para o ensino de Matemática, suas competências, habilidades, unidades temáticas e objetos de conhecimentos, sendo uma pesquisa de natureza teórica. Nesta leitura foram destacadas as sugestões de uso de tecnologias digitais nas abordagens de determinados objetos de conhecimentos. Os resultados apontam que a BNCC sugere o uso dessas tecnologias em diversos objetos de conhecimento e foi possível inferir que o uso dessas tecnologias é concebido como uma proposta de melhoria do ensino de Matemática, tendo em vista a forte presença do uso de tecnologias digitais no contexto atual.
Modeling the Degradation Rate of the Azo Dye Congo Red by Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Sabo Ibrahim Alhaji
Published: July 2024

One of the challenges that face the textile industry is the release of effluents that are not wanted, most notably colors that do not degrade. This is one of the issues that plagues the industry. This is a concern since it affects the environment. Bioremediation using dye-degrading bacterium is appealing as bacterial metabolism converts hazardous dye to harmless carbon dioxide and water as byproducts. In this study, various secondary growth models such as Luong, Yano, Teissier-Edward, Aiba, Haldane, Monod, Han, and Levenspiel were employed. Following thorough statistical analyses such as root-mean-square error (RMSE), adjusted coefficient of determination (adjR2), bias factor (BF), and accuracy factor (AF), the Luong model emerged as the most optimal choice. The half-saturation constant for maximal growth, maximal growth rate and maximal concentration of substrate tolerated and curve parameter that defines the steepness of the growth rate decline from the maximum rate symbolized by Ks, qmax and Sm, and n were 76.54 mg/L (95% C.I., 50.51 to 102.57), 0.240 per h (95% C.I., 0.219 to 0.270), 1135.37 mg/L (95% C.I., 1041.04 to 1229.72) and 5.34 (95% C.I., 2.36 to 8.32), respectively. These novel constants discovered during the modeling process could serve as valuable inputs for subsequent modeling pursuits.
Characterization of a Molybdenum-reducing Burkholderia sp. Dr.Y27 with Phenol and Acrylamide-degrading Capability
Authors: Halmi Mohd Izuan Effendi , Gusmanizar Neni , Syed Mohd Arif , Shamaan Nor Aripin
Published: July 2024

Recent studies have shown that molybdenum is toxic to the process of spermatogenesis at concentrations of several parts per million, highlighting its significance as a toxic substance. We have previously identified a bacterium that has the ability to break down acrylamide in soils that have been contaminated. We found that this bacterium has the capability to convert the heavy metal molybdenum into molybdenum blue. The study examines the Mo-blue absorption spectra of Burkholderia sp. Dr. Y27, revealing a secondary peak at 700 nm and a primary peak ranging from 860 to 870 nm. It indicates that Mo-blue is probably a diminished heteropolymolybdate, aided by enzymatic reduction in media containing phosphate. The most favorable pH for molybdate reduction was determined to be approximately 6.0, while the optimal temperature range was found to be between 34 and 37°C. Multiple carbon sources were examined, and it was found that glucose, fructose, and 2-ketogluconate exhibited the greatest efficacy. The presence of heavy metals such as mercury and copper greatly suppressed the production of Mo-blue. This text discusses the potential of using bioremediation in tropical regions, specifically focusing on the ability of Burkholderia sp. Dr. Y27 to efficiently reduce molybdenum under optimal conditions. The results provide evidence for the capability of Burkholderia sp. Dr. Y27 to be a successful agent for molybdenum bioremediation, particularly in tropical settings, by optimizing factors such as pH, temperature, and carbon sources. Additional investigation is advised to examine its utilization in practical contexts.
AI Based Multilingual Chatbot: Advancing Higher Education in Rural Communities
Authors: K Chethan , K P Preethi
Published: July 2024

The project "AI Based Multilingual Chatbot: Advancing Higher Education in Rural Communities" addresses the pressing need for educational support in rural areas. With advancements in AI and natural language processing (NLP), chatbots have emerged as promising tools to bridge educational gaps. However, existing solutions often lack multilingual support and fail to cater to the unique needs of rural communities. This project aims to develop a multilingual chatbot tailored specifically for rural contexts, enabling access to educational resources and support in local languages. By leveraging AI and NLP technologies, the chatbot will provide personalized assistance to rural students, empowering them to pursue higher education aspirations. Through this project, we aim to address the challenges faced by rural communities in accessing quality education and contribute to their educational advancement. The methodology of the project involves leveraging machine learning algorithms and natural language processing techniques to develop the chatbot. Objectives include designing a user-friendly interface, implementing multilingual support, and ensuring robust data storage and retrieval. Design and experimental tools such as Python, Flask, NLTK, and scikit-learn will be utilized. Key specifications include handling diverse user queries, ensuring data security, and optimizing response generation algorithms. The sequence involves initial data gathering, followed by algorithm development, system testing, and iterative refinement based on user feedback. The key findings of the project showcase significant improvements in user interaction and system performance. Experimental data demonstrates high accuracy in query processing and response generation. The developed chatbot exhibits a working efficiency of over 90%, as indicated by user satisfaction surveys and performance metrics. These outcomes validate the effectiveness of the implemented methodologies and design choices. Key Words: User Experience, Product Recommendation, Neural Network (CNN’s)
STUDY OF RISK AND RETURN OF MUTUAL FUNDS
Authors: GUPTA ADITYA ,   Master of Business Administration , School of Business  Galgotias University, BAHL of Dr. SHILPA ,   Master of Business Administration , School of Business  Galgotias University
Published: July 2024

There are many avenues in financial market. An Investor can invest in Bank deposit, corporate debenture and bonds which has law risk with low return. He may also Investor in stock of company which has high risk with hight return. Investors look for safer investment avenues and want to maximize their returns in according to their risk. Whereas people also tries to invest money as early as possible so that the money will grow accordingly in his lifetime. Choose a good investing option is very critical because a balance is required to be maintained between the risks and returns involved in investment. Return is inspiring force and principal reward in the investment process. One of the essential, reason because ofwhich one needs to invest fairly is to meet the cost of inflation. Inflation is the rate at which the cost of living increases at that time. A mutual fund is an expertly overseen company of collective investments that swimming pools money from numerous buyers and puts it in stocks, bonds, momentary money market instruments, as nicely as distinct securities. Mutual money is emerging as helpful instrument for a large scope of speculators, from people looking to put some thing aside for retirement to subtle socialites concentrated on defending their belongings and businesspeople to make wealth. Mutual Fund is a trust that pools the reserve funds of various buyers who share a typical financial objective. Anyone with an investible overflow of as little as two or three thousand rupees can put resources into mutual fund devices as indicated by means of their expressed objective and strategy. Mutual Fund Company pools money from a gathering of individuals with normal hypothesis targets to buy securities, for example, stocks, bonds, money market instruments, a mixture of these instruments, or significantly unique belongings so as to acquire the reward of enhancement and expertly oversaw container of protections at a reasonably ease. In a mutual fund, the fund manager, who is likewise excellent as the portfolio manager, trades the funds underlying securities, acknowledging capital positive factors or losses, and gathers the dividend or hobby income. The income are passed alongside to the investors. The charge of a share of the mutual fund, acknowledged as the net asset value (NAV), which is determined on day through day base, in mild of the absolute estimation of the mutual fund divided by the extent of high-quality shares presently issued.
Enhancing Image Classification Using Few-Shot Learning Prototypical Networks with ResNet-18: Detection, Accuracy Enhancement, and Optimization
Authors: Kulkarni Dr. S. M. , Pawar S. S. , Dekhane A. A. , Suryawanshi S. L
Published: July 2024

Image classification, especially in scenarios with limited data, presents significant challenges. Few shot learning (FSL) aims to address these challenges by training models that can generalize from a few examples. This paper explores the integration of prototypical networks with ResNet-18 for feature extraction to enhance image classification accuracy. Prototypical networks are designed to create a prototype representation for each class, which can then be used to classify new examples based on their distance to these prototypes. By leveraging ResNet-18's powerful feature extraction capabilities, we aim to improve the quality of these prototypes, thereby enhancing classification performance.We propose various methods for accuracy enhancement and optimization, including hyperparameter tuning, regularization techniques, and advanced methods like attention mechanisms and metric learning. Hyperparameter tuning involves adjusting the model's parameters to find the optimal settings that yield the best performance. Regularization techniques, such as dropout and weight decay, help prevent overfitting and improve the model's generalization capabilities. Advanced methods like attention mechanisms can focus on the most relevant parts of the image, while metric learning aims to learn a distance metric that better reflects the similarities between images.Our experiments on datasets like Mini-ImageNet and Omniglot demonstrate significant improvements in classification performance. These datasets are commonly used benchmarks in the few-shot learning community, allowing us to compare our results with existing methods. The integration of prototypical networks with ResNet-18, along with the proposed optimization techniques, provides a robust approach for tackling the challenges of image classification in few-shot learning scenarios. Key Words: Few-shot learning, ResNet-18, Prototypical Networks.
Symbiotic Relationship between Capital Budgeting and Financing Decision-Making
Authors: Sari Ratna , Muslim Muslim
Published: July 2024

This study aims to explore the symbiotic relationship between capital budgeting and financing decision-making in corporate financial management. The research design and methodology involve a comprehensive literature analysis, incorporating seminal theories and recent empirical studies to elucidate the interconnectedness of investment choices and funding strategies. Findings indicate that effective coordination between capital budgeting and financing decisions is essential for firms to optimize resource allocation, manage financial risks, and enhance shareholder value. Strategic capital allocation enables firms to prioritize investments that offer the highest potential for value creation while aligning investment decisions with financing considerations, which ensures efficient use of financial resources. The implications of this research suggest that integrating capital budgeting and financing decision-making enables firms to navigate dynamic market conditions, adapt to regulatory changes, and capitalize on emerging opportunities. By addressing these research gaps, scholars can better understand the factors driving firms' strategic planning and value-creation initiatives.
The Influence of Motivation, Training and Compensation on Employee Performance
Authors: Madmuar Yafet Daniel , Akbar Muhammad Aldrin , Mustajab Duta
Published: July 2024

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the effects of competence, training, and work discipline on the performance of Village Consultative Body (BAMUSKAM) members in Sarmi District.
Research Design and Methodology: The research employs a quantitative approach with a survey method, utilizing a questionnaire as the instrument. The sample consists of 56 BAMUSKAM members from Sarmi District. Data analysis was conducted using multiple regression analysis and hypothesis testing with SPSS version 26.0.
Findings and Discussion: The results indicate that competence, training, and work discipline each have a positive and significant impact on BAMUSKAM members' performance. Additionally, the combined influence of these variables significantly enhances performance. The findings support the hypothesis that these factors are crucial for improving organizational performance, highlighting the importance of educational and training programs, performance measurement systems, and strict adherence to discipline.
Implications: This study underscores the necessity for local governments to invest in comprehensive training and development programs that cater to their specific needs. It also suggests fostering partnerships with educational institutions and implementing robust performance measurement systems that emphasize competence and discipline. The research provides practical insights for local government officials and policymakers to enhance the effectiveness of BAMUSKAM members.
A SET OF TACTICAL MEASURES TO IMPROVE THE PROCESS OF IMPORT SUBSTITUTION IN THE FIELD OF AIRCRAFT CONSTRUCTION IN RUSSIA
Authors: Orlova Larisa , Zobov Pavel , Luzhevskaya Anastasiya , Batyrev Matvey
Published: July 2024

This article examines the process of import substitution in the field of aircraft construction in Russia.
Object: The purpose of this study is to analyze the current situation in the market of air transport services for the production of domestic aircraft and to develop tactical measures to improve the process of import substitution in the field of aircraft construction in Russia.
Findings: Based on the analysis, it should be noted that the current import substitution strategy, which is currently operating in Russia, shows a serious dependence in the aircraft industry sector. Consequently, there are serious problems in the formation of domestic corporations and the creation of competitive products. Russia in the aviation industry sector shows a high proportion of import dependence and the existing serious problems of aircraft maintenance, the solution of which is relevant and should be reflected in the transformed strategy in the field of aircraft construction in Russia.
Conclusions: Thus, summing up the results of the conducted research on the issue of import substitution in the field of aircraft engineering, it is worth noting that the proposed set of tactical measures and assigned tasks between the main participants in the import substitution process will create conditions for its successful implementation. Therefore, targeted financing and state support for projects to develop the country's production potential, the implementation of measures to create research laboratories based on universities and research centers, training and support of specialists, motivation of young scientists, as well as the creation and modernization of engineering centers, whose tasks will be the development and implementation of modern technologies not only in the aircraft industry, but in and into Russia's largest industrial sector, as well as in a number of other industries, it will allow improving the import substitution process in Russia. Thus, the proposed activities.
PENGARUH LITERASI KEUANGAN, DIGITAL MARKETING, DAN BRAND IMAGE TERHADAP MINAT GENERASI Z PADA BANK SYARIAH (STUDI PADA MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS ISLAM ZAINUL HASAN (UNZAH) GENGGONG
Authors: Huda Mohammad Khoerul , Millah Hayatul
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh dari literasi keuangan, digital marketing, dan brand image terhadap minat generasi z pada bank syariah. Peneliti menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh dari penyebaran kuesioner kepada mahasiswa Universitas Zainul Hasan Genggong dengan jumlah sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 97 responden. Penentuan jumlah sampel menggunakan rumus Isaac dan Michael dengan tingkat kesalahan sebesar 5%. Metode analisis data yang digunakan menggunakan teknik analisis uji regresi linier berganda,uji asumsi klasik, dan menggunakan uji hipotesis yang diolah menggunakan aplikasi dari SPSS 25 for windows.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkann bahwa literasi keuangan mempunyai pengaruh terhadap minat generasi Z. Berdasarkan hasil uji T disimpulkan bahwa literasi keuangan berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap minat generasi Z untuk menjadi nasabah di perbankan syariah. Secara parsial, pengaruh literasi keuangan terhadap minat generasi Z pada bank syariah adalah sebesar 4.589 dengansignifikansi sebesar 0,000 dimana nilai thitung lebih besar dari ttabel dan nilai signifikan kurang dari alpha 0,05.
CITRA MEREK PREFERENSI DAN RELIGIUSITAS SERTA PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN NASABAH DALAM MEMILIH PEMBIAYAAN TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN NASABAH DALAM MEMILIH PEMBIAYAAN (STUDI EMPIRIS PADA BMT-MASLAHAH CABANG KRUCIL)
Authors: Nuntupa Nuntupa , Lailatul Hikmah Selfia Dwi
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of brand image, preference and religiosity on customer decisions in choosing financing at BMT Maslahah Krucil Branch. The research method used is a quantitative method. The population used is customers who do financing at BMT Maslahah Krucil Branch. The sample taken in this study were 86 respondents using simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Analysis of the data used is classical hypothesis testing and multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS 25 for windows. The results of this study indicate that brand image, preference and religiosity have a significant influence on customer decisions in choosing financing at BMT Maslahah Krucil Branch.
PENGARUH KUALITAS PRODUK, KUALITAS LAYANAN DAN HARGATERHADAP KEPUASAN PELANGGAN PADA HOME INDUSTRYSONGKOK DI DESA SUKODADI KECAMATAN PAITON KABUPATENPROBOLINGGO
Authors: Ghafur Abd. , Larissa Zelinda
Published: July 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas produk, kualitas pelayanan dan harga terhadap kepuasan pelanggan pada home industry songkok di Desa Sukodadi Kecamatan Paiton Kabupaten Probolinggo. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan metode penelitian analisis regresi linear berganda. Alat analisis yang digunakan yaitu SPSS versi 25. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menyebar kuesioner dan sampel yang diambil sebanyak 25 orang konsumen yang membeli produk lebih dari tiga kali. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa (1) tidak terdapat pengaruh kualitas produk terhadap kepuasan pelanggan (2) kualitas pelayanan tidak berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan pelanggan (3) harga berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan pelanggan (4) kualitas produk, kualitas pelayanan dan harga berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan pelanggan.
Kontribusi Lingkungan Belajar terhadap Motivasi Belajar pada Peserta Didik di Sekolah
Authors: Putri Ilhami Annisa , Budiman Budiman , Alfia Purwadari Dian
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan guna menganalisis jangkauan pengaruh lingkungan belajar terhadap motivasi belajar pada peserta didik di SMP Negeri 16 Jakarta. Populasi pada penelitian ini sebanyak 287 peserta didik dengan sampel sebanyak 158 peserta didik. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan Teknik proportionate random sampling. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara lingkungan belajar terhadap motivasi belajar peserta didik. Besar nya pengaruh antar variabel menunjukan bahwa semakin baik lingkungan belajar,maka semakin baik pula motivasi belajar peserta didik di sekolah.Untuk memastikan peserta didik terus termotivasi dalam pembelajarannya maka impilkasi penelitian ini yaitu diperlukannya kolaborasi lingkungan belajar (orangtua,guru dan pihak sekolah) untuk mengawasi proses pembelajaran peserta didik.
Peran Pemerintah Daerah dalam Pelestarian Lahan Pertanian Padi Pandan Wangi Cianjur
Authors: Anderson Einsteinn , Tenouye Manase , Wamo Agustinus , Ruhana Faria
Published: July 2024

Padi/Beras Cianjur Pandanwangi merupakan produk unggulan di Kabupaten Cianjur yang hanya dapat ditanam di 7 kecamatan di Kabupaten Cianjur, yang keberadaannya perlu dilindungi. Namun dalam perkembangannya, ketersediaan lahan budidaya Padi Cianjur Pandanwangi terus berkurang. Dengan bertambahnya jumlah penduduk, proses pembangunan atau kegiatan non pertanian di Kabupaten Cianjur menjadi semakin pesat, sehingga proses perubahan fungsi sawah dan lahan pertanian menjadi kegiatan non pertanian terjadi lebih sering dan tidak terkendali. Hal ini dapat mengancam keberadaan lahan pertanian produktif, khususnya lahan pertanian Padi Pandanwangi Cianjur. Dengan adanya masalah ini, bisa berdampak membahayakan keberadaan sawah yang berpotensi dijadikan kawasan budidaya Padi Cianjur Pandanwangi. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif. Spesifikasi penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif, dengan menganalisis peraturan perundang-undangan yang relevan dan penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan. Upaya yang dilakukan untuk mencegah konversi lahan pertanian Padi Pandanwangi adalah melalui Peraturan Daerah Nomor 19 Tahun 2012 tentang Pelestarian dan Perlindungan Beras Pandanwangi Cianjur dan Perlindungan Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan, namun pada kenyataannya upaya tersebut belum terealisasi dengan baik.
Overtaking in Stuttgart—analysis of the lateral distances between motor vehicles and bicycle traffic with reference to traffic volume and cycling infrastructure
Authors: Casey Leo , Gaspers Lutz , Mandel Harald
Published: July 2024

In the context of climate change, it is desirable to increase the share of cycling. One way of doing this can be to strengthen subjective safety of cyclists. At present, many people perceive cycling as unsafe. In particular, overtaking by motor vehicles is a cause of low subjective safety and stress. In built-up areas, German road traffic regulations stipulate a minimum lateral distance of 1.50 m for motor vehicles, while overtaking cyclists. Previous research has shown that this rule is often not followed by motor vehicles. The aim of this study is to find out which factors influence the lateral distance of overtaking manoeuvres. The lateral distances of 4 081 overtaking manoeuvres were recorded using an ultrasonic sensor on 14 selected routes in the city of Stuttgart, Germany. 42% of the recorded overtaking manoeuvres were carried out with a lateral distance of less than 1.50 m. The mean value of all overtaking manoeuvres was 1.59 m. On roads with mixed traffic, higher lateral distances occurred than on roads with cycle lanes. In Germany, the motor vehicle traffic volume on a road is a key criterion for planning cycling infrastructure. However, it is not possible to confirm an influence of the motor vehicle traffic volume on the occurring lateral distances. The time of day at which overtaking manoeuvres take place also seems to have no effect on lateral distances.
The Guidelines for Enhancing Knowledge and Proficiency in Food Decoration Skills: RMUTP
Authors: Thimthong Sansanee , Phunaonin Kanchanok , Chareonsak Natcha , Putsam Luksika , Hiran-Akkharawong Intheema , Paemongkol Prachya , Masavang Supuksorn , Dangsungwal Nanoln
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study was to examine the level of knowledge and skills related to food decoration, and to identify consistent study activities for each academic year in the food service industry's student program through correspondence analysis. The population was 304 people. The results demonstrated a high level of knowledge and behavioral learning in the area of artistic skills. An analysis of the correlation between the academic year and activities aimed at enhancing knowledge, skills, and creativity in the art of food decoration revealed that the 1st year students engaged in activities related to analyzing food decoration design, the 2nd year students focused on the fundamentals of food decoration, the 3rd year students explored visual elements and art principles in food design and decoration, and the 4th year students assessed their ability to design food decorations before class. Activities to enhance art skills involved 1st year students participating in exhibitions, 2nd year students participating in artificial decoration activities, and 3rd and 4th year students participating in culinary workshops and learning about food decoration techniques. Activities to enhance creativity involved the 1st and 2nd students creating images from points, the 3rd students participating in art camp activities, and the 4th students learning how to add value to food through plating and photography.
Proportions of Cartoons in Elementary School Instruction: Teacher Perspectives
Authors: Sakorn Wanicha , Lata Siriwiwat
Published: July 2024

This study investigates elementary school teachers’ perceptions of the appropriate proportions of cartoons for instructional purposes, with a focus on the Thai educational context. The research aims to shed light on teachers’ preferences for cartoon proportions across different grade levels, contributing valuable insights into the effective use of cartoons in elementary school instruction. A questionnaire-based approach was employed to gather data from 78 elementary school teachers. The study found that teachers held a positive perception of cartoons as effective tools for teaching primary school students, with participants favoring distinct cartoon proportions for different grade levels. Notably, larger cartoon scales were preferred for early grades (Grade 1 and Grade 2), while smaller scales found favor with older students in Grades 4, 5, and 6. These findings highlight the nuanced considerations educators make when integrating cartoons into their instructional materials and underscore the potential of cartoons to enhance the quality of elementary school education.