bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EDUCAÇÃO MORAL NA ESCOLA: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIAS
Authors: Dos Santos Ana Cristina Bortoli Hildebrando , Trevisol Maria Teresa Ceron
Published: November 2014

O desenvolvimento moral é resultante de um processo contínuo que ocorre por meio das relações estabelecidas entre os indivíduos em diferentes espaços. No decorrer desse processo, a escola, os professores possuem papel fundamental, pois se acredita que, por meio da convivência entre os alunos e das experiências vivenciadas na escola, o aluno tem a oportunidade de construção de conceitos relativos à moral e da importância de sua aplicabilidade no contexto escolar e em outros da vida cotidiana. Este artigo possui como objetivo apresentar dados de uma investigação que buscou identificar experiências pedagógicas, desenvolvidas em escolas localizadas na região da Amplasc – Associação dos Municípios do Planalto Sul de Santa Catarina, que pretendem contribuir para o desenvolvimento moral dos alunos; os procedimentos, os objetivos e a avaliação efetuada no que se refere às experiências realizadas. A amostra foi composta por profissionais de educação que atuam em três escolas da rede municipal de ensino. Como procedimento de coleta dos dados, utilizou-se um questionário composto por questões abertas. A análise dos dados coletados se deu por meio da análise do conteúdo das respostas dos sujeitos pesquisados. Os dados coletados permitiram verificar que a finalidade das experiências realizadas denota a importância atribuída pela escola em relação à formação plena, crítica e autônoma do aluno. A forma como as experiências pedagógicas são trabalhadas demonstra eficiência, o que se reverte na postura e atitudes dos alunos. Em relação aos procedimentos utilizados no desenvolvimento das atividades, constatou-se que se faz necessário que os profissionais proporcionem situações de reflexão, desencadeando processos de organização e reorganização do pensamento de cada aluno, o que consiste na efetivação do desenvolvimento moral do aluno. Evidenciou-se a preocupação dos profissionais pesquisados em relação ao desenvolvimento moral dos alunos, o que consiste num importante ponto de partida para o efetivo trabalho dessa dimensão nas escolas.http://dx.doi.org/10.14572/nuances.v23i24.1894
CYBERBULLYING: UM ESTUDO SOBRE A INCIDÊNCIA DO DESRESPEITO NO CIBERESPAÇO E SUAS RELAÇÕES COM AS REPRESENTAÇÕES QUE ADOLESCENTES TEM DE SI
Authors: Tognetta Luciene Regina Paulino , Bozza Thais Cristina Leite
Published: November 2014

Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa atual cujo objetivo é investigar as características de ações violentas e os sentimentos daqueles que se envolvem em situações de Cyberbullying - alvos, autores ou apenas aqueles que assistem com indiferença e relutância o sofrimento de outrem – e ainda constatar uma possível correspondência entre tal envolvimento e as representações que os sujeitos têm de si. Participaram deste estudo 63 adolescentes de 14 anos, estudantes de colégios públicos da cidade de Campinas, no Brasil, escolhidos aleatoriamente para responder um questionário escrito. Os resultados apontam para uma correspondência entre o fato de serem autores de Cyberbullying e apresentar imagens que não integram valores morais como a justiça, a generosidade ou a tolerância, entre outros. Também é possível, pela análise dos sentimentos dos envolvidos, caracterizar os protagonistas dessa violência pós- moderna e constatar que pouco se indignam com tais situações.http://dx.doi.org/10.14572/nuances.v23i24.1896
A DIMENSÃO VALORATIVA DA TEMÁTICA AMBIENTAL E O TRABALHO COM VALORES EM AULAS DE CIÊNCIAS
Authors: Sena Lívia Moreiras , Bonotto Dalva Maria Biachini
Published: November 2014

Considerando-se que as práticas humanas constituem um processo de significação simultaneamente epistêmico e axiológico, torna-se evidente o relacionamento entre ética e educação, que atravessa todos os momentos e espaços escolares. Atualmente o conteúdo valorativo é tido como importante conteúdo de ensino, o que se torna claro ao tratarmos de certas temáticas, como a ambiental, permeada de valores. Com relação a ela, o processo educativo tem sido apontado como uma possibilidade de superação da crise ambiental instaurada. A partir do interesse no trabalho com a dimensão valorativa da temática ambiental e reconhecendo sua complexidade, desenvolvemos uma pesquisa que, sob uma abordagem qualitativa, objetivou investigar limites e possibilidades que uma professora de Ciências encontra ao buscar desenvolver atividades voltadas para a temática ambiental e sua dimensão valorativa. Os dados foram coletados a partir do plano de ensino, entrevistas semi-estruturadas e observações em sala de aula. Em um primeiro momento houve a incorporação dessa dimensão no plano de ensino proposto. No entanto, durante o desenvolvimento das atividades de ensino muitas oportunidades de trabalho explícito com os valores propostos se perderam, enquanto outros valores de forma implícita se fizeram presentes. Identificamos a necessidade da formação docente que forneça subsídios para o professor lidar com essa temática, não usual nas práticas escolares.http://dx.doi.org/10.14572/nuances.v23i24.1897
Existence of multiple solutions of p-fractional Laplace operator
with sign-changing weight function
Authors: Goyal Sarika , Sreenadh Konijeti
Published: November 2014

In this article, we study the following p-fractional
Laplacian equation:

(

P
λ

)

-
2

∫

ℝ
n

|
u

(
y
)

-
u

(
x
)

|

p
-
2

(
u

(
y
)

-
u

(
x
)

)

|
x
-
y
|

n
+
p
α

d
y
=
λ
|
u

(
x
)

|

p
-
2

u

(
x
)

+
b

(
x
)

|
u

(
x
)

|

β
-
2

u

(
x
)

in

Ω
,

u
=
0

in

ℝ
n

∖
Ω
,

u
∈

W

α
,
p

(

ℝ
n

)

,

$
(P_{\lambda }) \quad -2\int _{\mathbb {R}^n}\frac{|u(y)-u(x)|^{p-2}(u(y)-u(x))}{|x-y|^{n+p\alpha }} dy
= \lambda |u(x)|^{p-2} u(x) + b(x)|u(x)|^{\beta -2}u(x) \quad \text{in } \Omega , \quad u = 0 \quad \text{in }\mathbb {R}^n \setminus \Omega ,\, u\in W^{\alpha ,p}(\mathbb {R}^n),
$

where Ω is a bounded domain in ℝ
n
with smooth boundary,
n > pα, p ≥ 2, α ∈ (0,1), λ > 0 and
b : Ω ⊂ ℝ
n
→ ℝ is a
sign-changing continuous function. We show the existence and multiplicity of
non-negative solutions of (P
λ) with respect to the parameter λ,
which changes according to whether 1 < β < p or
p < β < p*
with p*
= n
p(n-pα)-1
respectively. We discuss both cases separately.
Non-existence results are also obtained.
›Paulus und Thekla II‹ oder ›Die guldin regel‹ – (Pseudo-)Biographie eines Beichtigers
Authors: Abel Stefan
Published: November 2014

This article deals with a dialogue tract, surviving in one manuscript from 1469, that teaches a female penitent seven golden rules of exemplary piety; a contemporary short version of them is published here. The catechetic programme of the tract is embedded in the biography of a prototypical Dominican father confessor and makes use of the apocryphal legend of Saint Paul and Thecla as a biographical model. The anonymous author also bases his text on a certain type of mystical autobiography and, possibly, the Legend of Meister Eckhart’s Daughter. Much as the text appears to allude to real figures of the Dominican Order, its historical truth cannot be confirmed.
Batalin–Vilkovisky structures on Ext and Tor
Authors: Kowalzig Niels , Krähmer Ulrich
Published: November 2014

This article studies the algebraic structure of
homology theories defined by a left Hopf algebroid
U over a possibly
noncommutative base algebra A, such as for example
Hochschild, Lie algebroid (in particular Lie algebra and Poisson), or
group and étale groupoid (co)homology.
Explicit formulae for
the canonical Gerstenhaber algebra structure
on

E
x

t
U

(
A
,
A
)

$ \textup {Ext}_U(A,A)$

are given.
The main technical result constructs a
Lie derivative satisfying a generalised
Cartan–Rinehart homotopy formula
whose essence is that

T
o

r
U

(
M
,
A
)

$\textup {Tor}^U(M,A)$

becomes
for suitable right U-modules M
a Batalin–Vilkovisky module over

E
x

t
U

(
A
,
A
)

$ \textup {Ext}_U(A,A)$

, or in the words of
Nest, Tamarkin, Tsygan and others, that

E
x

t
U

(
A
,
A
)

$ \textup {Ext}_U(A,A)$

and

T
o

r
U

(
M
,
A
)

$\textup {Tor}^U(M,A)$

form a differential calculus.
As an illustration, we show how the well-known operators from differential geometry in the classical Cartan homotopy formula can be obtained.
Another application consists in generalising
Ginzburg's result that
the cohomology ring of a Calabi–Yau algebra is a Batalin–Vilkovisky
algebra to twisted Calabi–Yau algebras.
Quantum spectral curve for the Gromov–Witten theory of the complex
projective line
Authors: Dunin-Barkowski Petr , Mulase Motohico , Norbury Paul , Popolitov Alexander , Shadrin Sergey
Published: November 2014

We construct the quantum curve for the
Gromov–Witten theory of the complex
projective line.
Former Soviet Cultural Semiotics in China
Authors: Zhang Jie , Yan Zhijun
Published: November 2014

Since China adopted the reform and open-up policy in the late 1970s, cultural semiotics from the former Soviet Union has been introduced into China, and has exerted substantial influence on Chinese academia. This essay starts from the perspective of research discourse to review the influence of Soviet literary theories among Chinese scholars over the past half century, and to demonstrate the positive role played by Soviet cultural semiotics in the evolution process of the Chinese literary community from revolution through aesthetic discourse to dialogue and polyphony. The essay then proceeds to the discussion of the revolutionary shift in the critical mindset caused by the changes in research discourses, namely the shift from the scientific way of thinking, featuring scientific induction, to the artistic way of thinking, featuring pluralism and the co-existence of various elements. The last part of the essay provides an in-depth discussion of the Chinese adaptation of Soviet cultural semiotics, i.e. the rediscovery of the nature of cultural semiotics by Chinese semioticians.
Biosemiotics and Bioluminescence
Authors: Bennett Tyler James
Published: November 2014

Biosemiotics holds that all forms of life are capable of interpretation. Regardless of the complexity of the inner world of the organism there is always found some rudimentary negotiation of code duality or the presence of incompatible codes, which necessitates a sort of ‘translation’ of those codes into meaningful action. The bioluminescent anti-predatory behavior known as counterillumination serves as an example of a relatively simple non-human behavior that nonetheless exhibits the traits of semiosis. These traits are described in detail using some semiotic terminology.
Lower bounds of temporal and spatial complexity of the substring search problem
Authors: Perper Evgeniy M.
Published: November 2014

We consider the problem of substring search in a set of strings. The problem is the following: given a set of strings and an arbitrary substring, list all strings from the set that contain this substring.We describe search algorithms and obtain lower bounds for the running time and for the memory volume required by the fastest algorithms
Kraft, Widerständigkeit, Historizität
Authors: Vogelmann Frieder
Published: November 2014

Does truth have a history? Whereas Bernard William denies it and only allows a history of truthfulness, I defend the possibility of a critical history or genealogy of truth. Because a trifling relativistic historicization of truth leads to a paradoxically a-historic and pacifistic conception of truth, one must first establish the methodological concepts with which a genealogy of truth can avoid both problems. Three first steps towards such concepts can be found in some of Michel Foucault’s lectures, which lead the genealogy of truth to focus on the origins of truth’s force.
Wozu berechtigt Not?
Authors: Schmücker Reinold
Published: November 2014

Emergency situations cannot be defined as situations in which a person is facing contradictory moral duties. Rather, they are situations in which an asset secured also by moral norms is in imminent danger so that the situation is perceived as existentially threatening for a person, either by the person herself or by someone else, for reasons comprehensible also for a third person. Hence, emergency situations call for an emergency ethics since in an emergency situation an action can be morally permissible that would not be permissible in a different situation. As I will show in this paper, whether an action is morally permissible in such an emergency situation that would not be permissible in a different situation depends on five conditions. These conditions are individually necessary and jointly sufficient for the moral permissibility of an action that would be morally forbidden if they were not fulfilled.
Moral und Gerechtigkeit
Authors: Laukötter Sebastian
Published: November 2014

The article shows that an ethics of distant emergencies can justify duties of assistance under recourse to reasons of humanitarian morals as well as corrective justice. After providing a notion of severe emergencies, I argue that such duties of assistance have global scope. But a comprehensive conception of duties of assistance could be understood neither as a conception of moral duties of assistance alone nor as a mere conception of duties of corrective justice. It rather has to combine duties of humanitarian morals and corrective justice to cover all cases of severe emergencies. Three principles to specify responsibilities resulting from such duties of assistance for different cases of emergency are suggested.
Ein Brief aus Chile
Authors: Fermandois Eduardo
Published: November 2014

In this “Letter from Chile” I describe and comment the main features of philosophical activity in Chile. My perspective is related to my own academic experience: that of a Chilean academic, who earned his doctorate at the Free University of Berlin, worked in that same university for six years as an Assistant Professor (wissenschaftlicher Assistent), and has been an Associate Professor at the Department of Philosophy at the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile in Santiago for the last eleven years. The first part of the text offers a review of the historical development of philosophy in Chile. Afterwards, I refer to the current situation of our academic philosophy, analyzing various aspects: issues, currents, institutions, publications, research system, among others. Finally, I outline, from the above, some assessments and a general diagnosis of the present situation of philosophy in my country.
Length-based attacks in polycyclic groups
Authors: Garber David , Kahrobaei Delaram , Lam Ha T.
Published: November 2014

The Anshel–Anshel–Goldfeld (AAG) key-exchange protocol was implemented and studied with the braid groups as its underlying platform. The length-based attack, introduced by Hughes and Tannenbaum, has been used to cryptanalyze the AAG protocol in this setting. Eick and Kahrobaei suggest to use the polycyclic groups as a possible platform for the AAG protocol.
In this paper, we apply several known variants of the length-based attack against the AAG protocol with the polycyclic group as the underlying platform. The experimental results show that, in these groups, the
implemented variants of the length-based attack are unsuccessful in the case of polycyclic groups having high Hirsch length.
This suggests that the length-based attack is insufficient to cryptanalyze the AAG protocol when implemented over this type of polycyclic groups. This implies that polycyclic groups could be a potential platform for some cryptosystems based on conjugacy search problem, such as non-commutative Diffie–Hellman, El Gamal and Cramer–Shoup key-exchange protocols.
Moreover, we compare for the first
time the success rates of the different variants of the length-based attack. These experiments show that, in these groups, the memory length-based attack introduced by Garber, Kaplan, Teicher, Tsaban and Vishne does better than the other variants proposed thus far in this context.
A proof of the well posedness of discretized wave equation with an absorbing boundary condition
Authors: Alonso-Mallo I. , Portillo A.M.
Published: November 2014

- Local absorbing boundary conditions with fifth order of absorption to approximate the solution of an initial value problem, for the spatially discretized wave equation, are considered. For the one dimensional case, it is proved necessary conditions for well posedness. Numerical experiments confirming well posedness and showing good results of absorption are included.
Actinides draw down process for pyrochemical reprocessing of spent metal fuel
Authors: Vannia Perumal Suyambu , Reddy Bandi Prabhakara , Ravisankar Guruswamy , Nagarajan Krishnamurthy
Published: November 2014

An experimental system has been setup inside an argon atmosphere glove box to carry out studies on the actinide draw down process, an
important step of the pyroprocess flow sheet. Studies have been carried out at 723 K on the extraction of uranium from
LiCl-KCl eutectic salt containing 0.5% UCl3 using lithium-0.03% cadmium alloy. In these experiments,
5 L of the molten salt and 5 L of the molten alloy are fed to a single stage extractor where 250 mL of
the salt and 250 mL of the alloy come into contact. A three stage stirrer having straight as well as pitched blade turbine
impellers was used to mix the molten alloy and salt phases having high interfacial tension of 450 dyne/cm. The results of
the studies indicate that a U extraction efficiency of 99% could be achieved.
Reducing the use of carcinogens: the Massachusetts experience
Authors: Jacobs Molly M. , Massey Rachel I. , Tenney Heather , Harriman Elizabeth
Published: November 2014

Toxics use reduction (TUR) is one part of a comprehensive cancer prevention strategy. TUR emphasizes reducing the use of cancer-causing chemicals by improving manufacturing processes and identifying and adopting safer alternatives. This analysis draws on 20 years of data collected from industries reporting to the Massachusetts Toxics Use Reduction Act (TURA) program to assess trends in the use and release of chemicals associated with cancer. We used a master list of known and suspected carcinogens developed from authoritative sources and a list of carcinogens grouped by their association with 11 cancer sites to analyze trends in use and release of chemicals by industrial facilities reporting to the TURA program from 1990 to 2010. The trend analysis shows that reported use and releases of carcinogens by these Massachusetts companies have decreased dramatically over time. Reported use declined 32% from 1990 to 2010, and reported releases declined 93% from 1991 to 2010 (1991 is when additional industrial sectors, including electric utilities, were phased into the program). Particularly large reductions were achieved in the use of trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene and cadmium and cadmium compounds. The analysis of groups of chemicals associated with specific cancer sites shows similar trends. Important opportunities for further reductions in many carcinogens, including formaldehyde, hexavalent chromium, and a variety of halogenated compounds are identified. Continued work to minimize the use of carcinogens can help to reduce the burden of cancer in Massachusetts and elsewhere.
The atmospheric general circulation model with a hybrid vertical coordinate
Authors: Kulyamin Dmitry V. , Dymnikov Valentin P.
Published: November 2014

The paper presents a new version of the three-dimensional model of general circulation of Earth troposphere-stratosphere-mesosphere (for altitudes up to 90 km from the surface) with a hybrid vertical coordinate. A method of vertical discretization is developed according to the numerical algorithms and preserving the equivalence of algorithms used in previous models. An algorithm of semi-implicit integration in time is proposed. The new version of the model adequately represents climatic characteristics,which are confirmed by comparison of the results of numerical experiments with observation data and with the previous version of the atmospheric circulation model using sigma-coordinates.
Approximate numerical modelling of inhomogeneous stochastic Fields of daily sums of liquid precipitation
Authors: Ogorodnikov Vasily A. , Sereseva Olga V.
Published: November 2014

A numerical stochastic model of spatio-temporal inhomogeneous fields of daily sums of liquid precipitation is considered in the paper on regular and irregular grids. The approach to modelling inhomogeneous fields is based on stochastic interpolation of fields from weather stations to grid points.
MED13‐dependent signaling from the heart confers leanness by enhancing metabolism in adipose tissue and liver
Authors: Baskin Kedryn K , Grueter Chad E , Kusminski Christine M , Holland William L , Bookout Angie L , Satapati Santosh , Kong Y Megan , Burgess Shawn C , Malloy Craig R , Scherer Philipp E , Newgard Christopher B , Bassel‐Duby Rhonda , Olson Eric N
Published: November 2014

The heart requires a continuous supply of energy but has little capacity for energy storage and thus relies on exogenous metabolic sources. We previously showed that cardiac MED13 modulates systemic energy homeostasis in mice. Here, we sought to define the extra‐cardiac tissue(s) that respond to cardiac MED13 signaling. We show that cardiac overexpression of MED13 in transgenic (MED13cTg) mice confers a lean phenotype that is associated with increased lipid uptake, beta‐oxidation and mitochondrial content in white adipose tissue (WAT) and liver. Cardiac expression of MED13 decreases metabolic gene expression in the heart but enhances them in WAT. Although exhibiting increased energy expenditure in the fed state, MED13cTg mice metabolically adapt to fasting. Furthermore, MED13cTg hearts oxidize fuel that is readily available, rendering them more efficient in the fed state. Parabiosis experiments in which circulations of wild‐type and MED13cTg mice are joined, reveal that circulating factor(s) in MED13cTg mice promote enhanced metabolism and leanness. These findings demonstrate that MED13 acts within the heart to promote systemic energy expenditure in extra‐cardiac energy depots and point to an unexplored metabolic communication system between the heart and other tissues.
MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Thyroid and polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Gaberšček Simona , Zaletel Katja , Schwetz Verena , Pieber Thomas , Obermayer-Pietsch Barbara , Lerchbaum Elisabeth
Published: November 2014

Thyroid disorders, especially Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are closely associated, based on a number of studies showing a significantly higher prevalence of HT in women with PCOS than in controls. However, the mechanisms of this association are not as clear. Certainly, genetic susceptibility contributes an important part to the development of HT and PCOS. However, a common genetic background has not yet been established. Polymorphisms of the PCOS-related gene for fibrillin 3 (FBN3) could be involved in the pathogenesis of HT and PCOS. Fibrillins influence the activity of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ). Multifunctional TGFβ is also a key regulator of immune tolerance by stimulating regulatory T cells (Tregs), which are known to inhibit excessive immune response. With lower TGFβ and Treg levels, the autoimmune processes, well known in HT and assumed in PCOS, might develop. In fact, lower levels of TGFβ1 were found in HT as well as in PCOS women carrying allele 8 of D19S884 in the FBN3 gene. Additionally, vitamin D deficiency was shown to decrease Tregs. Finally, high estrogen-to-progesterone ratio owing to anovulatory cycles in PCOS women could enhance the immune response. Harmful metabolic and reproductive effects were shown to be more pronounced in women with HT and PCOS when compared with women with HT alone or with controls. In conclusion, HT and PCOS are associated not only with respect to their prevalence, but also with regard to etiology and clinical consequences. However, a possible crosstalk of this association is yet to be elucidated.
Growth Hormone Therapy, Muscle Thickness, and Motor Development in Prader-Willi Syndrome: An RCT
Authors: Reus Linda , Pillen Sigrid , Pelzer Ben J. , van Alfen-van der Velden Janielle A.A.E.M. , Hokken-Koelega Anita C.S. , Zwarts Machiel , Otten Barto J. , Nijhuis-van der Sanden Maria W.G.
Published: November 2014

OBJECTIVE:

To investigate the effect of physical training combined with growth hormone (GH) on muscle thickness and its relationship with muscle strength and motor development in infants with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS).

METHODS:

In a randomized controlled trial, 22 infants with PWS (12.9 ± 7.1 months) were followed over 2 years to compare a treatment group (n = 10) with a waiting-list control group (n = 12). Muscle thickness of 4 muscle groups was measured by using ultrasound. Muscle strength was evaluated by using the Infant Muscle Strength meter. Motor performance was measured with the Gross Motor Function Measurement. Analyses of variance were used to evaluate between-group effects of GH on muscle thickness at 6 months and to compare pre- and posttreatment (after 12 months of GH) values. Multilevel analyses were used to evaluate effects of GH on muscle thickness over time, and multilevel bivariate analyses were used to test relationships between muscle thickness, muscle strength, and motor performance.

RESULTS:

A significant positive effect of GH on muscle thickness (P < .05) was found. Positive relationships were found between muscle thickness and muscle strength (r = 0.61, P < .001), muscle thickness and motor performance (r = 0.81, P < .001), and muscle strength and motor performance (r = 0.76, P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

GH increased muscle thickness, which was related to muscle strength and motor development in infants with PWS. Catch-up growth was faster in muscles that are most frequently used in early development. Because this effect was independent of GH, it suggests a training effect.
Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia and Neonatal Respiratory Distress
Authors: Mullowney Tara , Manson David , Kim Raymond , Stephens Derek , Shah Vibhuti , Dell Sharon
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare inherited disease affecting motile cilia lining the respiratory tract. Despite neonatal respiratory distress as an early feature, diagnosis is typically delayed until late childhood. Our objective was to identify characteristics that differentiate PCD from common causes of term neonatal respiratory distress.

METHODS:

This was a case-control study. Patients with PCD born after 1994 attending a regional PCD clinic who had a history of neonatal respiratory distress (n = 46) were included. Controls (n = 46), term neonates with respiratory distress requiring a chest radiograph, were randomly selected from hospital birth records and matched on gender, birth month/year, and mode of delivery. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the association between neonatal characteristics and PCD diagnosis. The diagnostic performance of the best predictive variables was estimated by calculating sensitivity and specificity.

RESULTS:

PCD cases required more oxygen therapy (39 cases, 29 controls, P = .01), longer duration of oxygen therapy (PCD mean = 15.2 days, control mean = 0.80 days, P < .01), had later onset of neonatal respiratory distress (PCD median = 12 hours, control median = 1 hour, P < .001), and higher frequency of lobar collapse and situs inversus (PCD = 70% and 48% respectively, control = 0% for both, P < .001). Situs inversus, lobar collapse, or oxygen need for >2 days had 87% (95% confidence interval: 74–94) sensitivity and 96% (95% confidence interval: 85–99) specificity for PCD.

CONCLUSIONS:

When encountering term neonates with unexplained respiratory distress, clinicians should consider PCD in those with lobar collapse, situs inversus, and/or prolonged oxygen therapy (>2 days).
Measuring the “Triple Aim” in Transition Care: A Systematic Review
Authors: Prior Megan , McManus Margaret , White Patience , Davidson Laurie
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Without adequate support, adolescents transitioning from the pediatric to the adult health care system are at increased risk for poor health outcomes. Numerous interventions attempt to improve this transition, yet few comprehensively evaluate efficacy. To advance evaluation methods and ultimately the quality of transition services, it is necessary to understand the current state of health care transition measurement. This study examines and categorizes transition measures by using the “Triple Aim” framework of experience of care, population health, and cost of care.

METHODS:

Ovid Medline and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature were searched for articles published between 1995 and 2013. Two reviewers independently screened studies and included those that evaluated the impact of a health care transition intervention. Measures were subsequently classified according to population health, experience of care, and costs of care.

RESULTS:

Of the 2282 studies initially identified, 33 met inclusion criteria. Population health measures were used in 27 studies, with disease-specific measures collected most frequently. Fifteen studies measured cost, most often service utilization. Eight studies measured experience of care, with satisfaction assessed most commonly. Only 3 studies examined all 3 domains of the “Triple Aim.” Transition interventions described in the gray literature were not reviewed.

CONCLUSIONS:

Transition programs are inconsistently evaluated in terms of their impact on population health, patient experience, and cost. To demonstrate improvement in the transition from pediatric to adult health care, a more robust and consistent set of measures is needed.
Chronic Granulomatous Disease Presenting as Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Case Report
Authors: Valentine Gregory , Thomas Tessy A. , Nguyen Trung , Lai Yi-Chen
Published: November 2014

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by recurrent infections and a dysregulated inflammatory response. Infection-triggered hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), which manifests itself as pathologic hyperactive inflammation, has been observed in subjects with CGD. However, there have been no reports of HLH as the initial presentation with subsequent diagnosis of CGD. Furthermore, the primary therapeutic strategy for HLH focuses on immunosuppressive therapies, which limits immune-mediated tissue damage. With immunodeficiency, this therapeutic strategy may worsen the outcome. This article discusses an 8-week-old Hispanic male who presented with fever of unknown origin. The initial diagnostic evaluation demonstrated pathologic hyperactive inflammation, meeting the HLH-2004 diagnostic criteria without an identified infectious etiology. Immunosuppressive therapy was initiated, with subsequent disseminated candida septic shock and sepsis-induced multisystem organ failure. Additional evaluations ultimately established the diagnosis of CGD. We transitioned to an immune-enhancing strategy with granulocyte and immunoglobulin infusions, and intensified antifungal therapies. These interventions ultimately led to the clearance of the fungal infection and the resolution of the hyperactive inflammatory state. This case represents the first reported case of HLH as the presenting finding leading to the subsequent diagnosis of CGD. It serves as a reminder that both immunodeficiency and inflammatory disorders may share features of pathologic hyperactive inflammation and highlights the conundrum that clinicians face when treating HLH in the setting of an unresolved infection. In this case report, we demonstrate that immune-enhancing therapies may aid in the control and the clearance of the infection, thus paradoxically decreasing the pathologic hyperactive inflammatory response.
Atopic Dermatitis: Skin-Directed Management
Authors: Tollefson Megha M. , Bruckner Anna L. ,   SECTION ON DERMATOLOGY, Cohen Bernard A. , Antaya Richard , Bruckner Anna , Horii Kim , Silverberg Nanette B. , Wright Teresa
Published: November 2014

This Clinical Report was reaffirmed March 2023.

Atopic dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin condition characterized by relapsing eczematous lesions in a typical distribution. It can be frustrating for pediatric patients, parents, and health care providers alike. The pediatrician will treat the majority of children with atopic dermatitis as many patients will not have access to a pediatric medical subspecialist, such as a pediatric dermatologist or pediatric allergist. This report provides up-to-date information regarding the disease and its impact, pathogenesis, treatment options, and potential complications. The goal of this report is to assist pediatricians with accurate and useful information that will improve the care of patients with atopic dermatitis.
Interferon-γ Release Assays for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis Infection and Disease in Children
Authors: Starke Jeffrey R. ,   COMMITTEE ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES, Byington Carrie L. , Maldonado Yvonne A. , Barnett Elizabeth D. , Davies H. Dele , Edwards Kathryn M. , Jackson Mary Anne , Maldonado Yvonne A. , Murray Dennis L. , Rathore Mobeen H. , Sawyer Mark H. , Schutze Gordon E. , Willoughby Rodney E. , Zaoutis Theoklis E.
Published: November 2014

This Technical Report was revised. See https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2021-054663.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains an important problem among children in the United States and throughout the world. Although diagnosis and treatment of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (also referred to as latent tuberculosis infection [LTBI] or TB infection) remain the lynchpins of TB prevention, there is no diagnostic reference standard for LTBI. The tuberculin skin test (TST) has many limitations, including difficulty in administration and interpretation, the need for a return visit by the patient, and false-positive results caused by significant cross-reaction with Mycobacterium bovis–bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccines and many nontuberculous mycobacteria. Interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs) are blood tests that measure ex vivo T-lymphocyte release of interferon-γ after stimulation by antigens specific for M tuberculosis. Because these antigens are not found on M bovis–BCG or most nontuberculous mycobacteria, IGRAs are more specific tests than the TST, yielding fewer false-positive results. However, IGRAs have little advantage over the TST in sensitivity, and both methods have reduced sensitivity in immunocompromised children, including children with severe TB disease. Both methods have a higher positive predictive value when applied to children with risk factors for LTBI. Unfortunately, neither method distinguishes between TB infection and TB disease. The objective of this technical report is to review what IGRAs are most useful for: (1) increasing test specificity in children who have received a BCG vaccine and may have a false-positive TST result; (2) using with the TST to increase sensitivity for finding LTBI in patients at high risk of developing progression from LTBI to disease; and (3) helping to diagnose TB disease.
Maintaining and Improving the Oral Health of Young Children
Authors:   SECTION ON ORAL HEALTH, Segura Adriana , Boulter Suzanne , Clark Melinda , Gereige Rani , Krol David M. , Mouradian Wendy , Quinonez Rocio , Ramos-Gomez Francisco , Slayton Rebecca , Keels Martha Ann
Published: November 2014

This Policy Statement was revised. See https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2022-060417.

Oral health is an integral part of the overall health of children. Dental caries is a common and chronic disease process with significant short- and long-term consequences. The prevalence of dental caries for the youngest of children has not decreased over the past decade, despite improvements for older children. As health care professionals responsible for the overall health of children, pediatricians frequently confront morbidity associated with dental caries. Because the youngest children visit the pediatrician more often than they visit the dentist, it is important that pediatricians be knowledgeable about the disease process of dental caries, prevention of the disease, and interventions available to the pediatrician and the family to maintain and restore health.
Testicular leiomyosarcoma and marked alopecia in a cryptorchid ferret (Mustela putorius furo)
Authors: Ziege S. , Wellhöner S. , Cichowski S. , Baumgärtner W. , Kammeyer P.
Published: November 2014

A 3.5-year-old male ferret, bought as male castrated, was presented to the veterinarian with marked alopecia of back, neck, abdomen and tail, a pronounced sexual behaviour and weight loss. An inguinal mass of about 2.5 cm in diameter was diagnosed as potentially tumorous inguinal testicle by ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration. Adrenal glands and prostate were ultrasonographically unremarkable. The surgically removed cryptorchid testicle contained a greyish tumour that was histologically composed of spindle-shaped cells with elongated nuclei, embedded in a fibro-vascular stroma. Up to two mitotic figures per high power field were noted. Additionally, an interstitial cell hyperplasia and marked reactive proliferation of a collagen-rich fibrous tissue were observed. Tumour cells were positive for α-smooth muscle actin, desmin, and occasionally vimentin and S-100, leading to the diagnosis of an intratesticular leiomyosarcoma. As an adrenal-associated endocrinopathy was excluded and a complete fur recovery was observed after removal of the cryptorchid testicle the alopecia was eventually due to hormones produced by the hyperplastic interstitial (Leydig) cells.
Katarakt bei Hunden – Überblick und Orientierungshilfe für die Therapieentscheidung
Authors: Meyer-Lindenberg A. , Fischer M.-C.
Published: November 2014

Die Katarakt ist die häufigste Ursache für Visuseinschränkungen und Blindheit beim Hund. Eine Linsentrübung lässt sich mittlerweile mit sehr gutem direktem Erfolg (90–95%) operieren, wobei die Auswahl geeigneter Patienten den Operationserfolg maßgeblich beeinflusst. Nach Darstellung anatomischer und physiologischer Besonderheiten der Linse wird detailliert auf die Ätiologie der Katarakt und ihre Begleiterkrankungen eingegangen. Es folgt eine Erläuterung der präoperativen Untersuchungsschritte mit Hinweis auf entscheidende Kriterien für die Auswahl der für eine Operation in Betracht kommenden Patienten. Ziel dieses Artikels ist, anhand von Orientierungshilfen bei der Diagnostik die Therapieentscheidung sowie die Bestimmung eines geeigneten Operationszeitpunkts zu erleichtern.
Actitudes lingüísticas en Santiago de Chile
Authors: Rojas Darío
Published: November 2014

Resumen

Este artículo analiza las actitudes lingüísticas de hablantes nativos de español de la ciudad de Santiago, hacia al español de Chile y hacia el español de los otros países hispanohablantes: El artículo es parte de los resultados del Proyecto LIAS (Linguistic Identity and attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America), financiado por El Consejo Noruego de Investigación (RCN). La recolección de los datos se realizó en la capital del país, entrevistando una muestra de 400 informantes estratificada con las variables de edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico. Entre nuestros hallazgos, destacan los siguientes: 1) los santiaguinos muestran seguridad lingüística en comparación con variedades regionales del español de Chile, pero una gran inseguridad cuando se comparan con el habla de otros países; 2) sus actitudes se ven influenciadas tanto por características lingüísticas (modelo ideal de lengua, conservador y de raigambre colonial) como por características extralingüísticas (estatus social); 3) el concepto de mayor peso dentro de la ideología lingüística de los santiaguinos es la corrección idiomática, que se articula con otros dos conceptos clave: el de unidad lingüística y el de entendimiento (o comprensión lingüística).

Abstract

This article analyzes the linguistic attitudes of Spanish speakers from Santiago, towards Spanish spoken in Chile and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. It is a result of the LIAS-Project (Linguistic Identity and attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America), funded by The Research Council of Norway (RCN). The data were gathered in the capital of the country, interviewing a stratified sample of 400 persons based on the variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status. Our main findings are the following: 1) Santiaguinos show linguistic confidence when they compare their speech to regional varieties of Chilean Spanish, but they show great insecurity when they compare their speech to those of other countries; 2) Their attitudes are influenced by both linguistic characteristics (an ideal, conservative language model of colonial origin) and non-linguistic characteristics (social status); 3) The most important concept of their language ideology is that of linguistic correctness, which is linked to two other key concepts: linguistic unity and language comprehension.
Las actitudes lingüísticas en el español de San José, Costa Rica
Authors: Calvo Shadid Annette , Castillo Rivas Jacqueline
Published: November 2014

Resumen

Este artículo analiza las actitudes lingüísticas de hablantes nativos de español de cuatro distritos de la capital, San José, frente al español Costa Rica y el español de los otros países hispanohablantes. La presente investigación constituye un estudio sociolingüístico cuantitativo y es parte de los resultados del Proyecto LIAS (Linguistic Identity and attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America), financiado por El Consejo Noruego de Investigación (RCN). La recolección de los datos se realizó en la capital del país, entrevistando a una muestra de 404 informantes estratificada con las variables de edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico. En el artículo se abordan las actitudes lingüísticas desde tres tipos de percepciones, a saber, percepciones cognitivo-lingüísticas y actitudes afectivas sobre el español nacional, opiniones sobre la corrección lingüística y los medios de comunicación y sobre la unidad o diversidad del español; percepciones cognitivo-lingüísticas sobre el español de los otros países, y actitudes afectivas y preferencias por otras variedades lingüísticas del idioma.

Abstract

This article analyzes the linguistic attitudes of Spanish speakers from four districts of the capital, San José, towards Spanish spoken in Costa Rica and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. It is based on a quantitative sociolinguistic study and is a result of the LIAS-Project (Linguistic Identity and attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America), funded by The Research Council of Norway (RCN). The data were gathered in the capital of the country, interviewing a stratified sample of 404 respondents based on the variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status. The linguistic attitudes are studied from three types of perceptions, namely, cognitive-linguistic perceptions and affective attitudes on national Spanish, opinions about the linguistic correction and the media, and about the unity or diversity of the Spanish language; cognitive-linguistic perceptions on the Spanish language spoken in other countries, and affective attitudes and preferences for other linguistic varieties of the language.
Actitudes lingüísticas en Ecuador. Una tradición normativa que subsiste
Authors: Flores Mejía Esthela
Published: November 2014

Resumen

Este artículo analiza las actitudes lingüísticas de hablantes nativos de español de Quito, hacia al español del Ecuador y hacia el español de los otros países hispanohablantes. El artículo es parte de los resultados del Proyecto LIAS (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America), financiado por El Consejo Noruego de Investigación (RCN). La recolección de los datos se realizó en la capital del país, entrevistando una muestra de 395 informantes previamente estratificada con las variables de edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico. El estudio presentado es el primero de esta naturaleza que se realiza en Ecuador; sus resultados muestran, de forma general, la forma de hablar de la provincia de Loja es la que cuenta con mayor prestigio, en contraste con el bajo aprecio por el habla de Guayaquil y Cuenca. Los habitantes de la Capital reconocen como similar la forma de hablar de las provincias aledañas a la suya y diferentes sobre todo a las provincias de la Costa. En líneas generales se puede establecer que, aunque hay algunas variantes del español que les agradan, como las que se hablan en España y en Colombia, el afecto y el prestigio que los ecuatorianos asignan a su propia forma de hablar es muy fuerte.

Abstract

This article analyzes the linguistic attitudes of native Spanish speakers from Quito, towards Spanish spoken in Ecuador and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. It is a result of the LIAS-Project (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America), funded by The Research Council of Norway (RCN). The data were gathered in the capital of the country, interviewing a stratified sample of 395 respondents, based on the variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status. This research study is the first of its kind in Ecuador. Its results show that the Spanish spoken in the Loja province has high prestige, in contrast to the Spanish spoken in Guayaquil and Cuenca. Residents of Quito, the capital, recognize that they and the neighbor provinces speak a similar variety of Spanish, which is different from that of the coastal provinces. In general, although there are some varieties of Spanish that Ecuadorians like, such as the ones spoken in Spain and in Colombia, Ecuadorians assign a high degree of prestige and affection to their own variety of the language.
Actitudes Lingüísticas en España
Authors: Yraola Aitor
Published: November 2014

Resumen

Este artículo analiza las actitudes lingüísticas de hablantes nativos de español de Madrid hacia al español de España y el de los otros países hispanohablantes. Este artículo hace parte de los resultados del Proyecto LIAS (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America), financiado por El Consejo Noruego de Investigación (RCN). La recolección de los datos se realizó en la capital del país, entrevistando a una muestra de 400 personas, estratificada con las variables de edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico. Los resultados de la investigación muestran la alta autoestima de Castilla y Madrid como puntos referenciales del idioma español y la apreciación positiva de su propia variante, mientras que hacia las regiones del Norte y del Sur presentan actitudes negativas. Respecto de los países hispanoamericanos, resultaron conocidas y apreciadas las hablas de Colombia, Argentina y Chile.

Abstract

This article analyzes the linguistic attitudes of native Spanish speakers from Madrid towards Spanish spoken in Spain and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. It is a result of the LIAS-Project (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America), funded by The Research Council of Norway (RCN). The data were gathered in the capital of the country, interviewing a stratified sample of 400 respondents based on the variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status. The results presented in this article reflect the high self-esteem of Castile and Madrid as central references of the Spanish language, and the positive attitude towards their spoken variety of the language, while the regions of Northern and Southern Spain are perceived in a negative way. Regarding the Spanish-speaking Latin American countries, Spanish spoken in Colombia, Argentina and Chile is appreciated.