bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estrategias de gestión de los medios sociales en la prensa digital española
Authors: Torres Sáez de Ibarra Ainhoa , Torrecillas-Lacave Teresa
Published: May 2019

En este artículo se difunden los resultados de una investigación encaminada a analizar los equipos de medios sociales y las estrategias que en este ámbito desarrollan los periódicos digitales españoles, nativos y emigrados. Se ha pasado un cuestionario cerrado y se han hecho entrevistas cualitativas a los estrategas de los medios. Es una investigación exploratoria orientada a conocer el trabajo del estratega en medios sociales, así como las características sus equipos, su formación y tareas, el apoyo y participación de la dirección y redacciones de los medios en la estrategia y principales características de la misma. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que mientras los periódicos emigrados tienen estrategias más elaboradas en cuanto al número de perfiles y medios sociales en los que tienen presencia, los nativos cuentan con equipos directivos y redacciones cuyo apoyo y acción en medios sociales tiene un resultado más positivo en la implementación de la estrategia.
Increasing of selenium content and qualitative parameters in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) after its foliar application
Authors: Andrejiová Alena , Hegedűsová Alžbeta , Adamec Samuel , Hegedűs Ondrej , Mezeyová Ivana
Published: May 2019

The effect of genotype and selenium foliar biofortification in the form of an aqueous solution of sodium selenate on the content of total carotenoids, vitamin C, total polyphenols and selenium content in the tomato fruits was studied.  Field experiment was held in the Botanical garden of the Slovak University of Agriculture in 2016. Seven determinant varieties of tomato in the two variants were observed. The results of experiments show that treatment of plants with the dose of Se concentration (150 g Se.ha-1) at the flowering stage significantly increased the total Se content in the in tomato fruits. Foliar application of selenium had a positive effect on the increase of total polyphenol. The influence of Se biofortification on the content of vitamin C and carotenoids was not detected. Selenium foliar fertilization in dosage 150 g.ha-1 is suitable way of tomato fruits enriching in polyphenols, without negative effect on other antioxidants content.
Invasive Solidago canadensis L. as a resource of valuable biological compounds
Authors: Shelepova Olga , Vinogradova Yulia , Vergun Olena , Grygorieva Olga , Brindza Ján
Published: May 2019

The phytochemical characteristics of alien species have not yet been fully studied. Meanwhile, the reserves of their raw materials in the secondary distribution range are very large and can be used as new sources of functional ingredients for food, nutraceuticals, cosmeceuticals, and medicines. Particular attention is attracted by species which have closely related native plants that are included in the official pharmacopeia. Solidago canadensis L. in Slovakia has already formed powerful thickets, and a similar species Solidago virgaurea L. is used as a medicinal plant. The goal of our study is to examine biologically active compounds from leaves and inflorescences of Solidago canadensis collected in some invasive populations along the Nitra river and Gron river. Leaves and inflorescences of 3 populations have been taken for analysis. In addition, we tested herbal tea was made by a traditional procedure using 2 types of fermentation. The following parameters have been understudying: total dry matter, ash and protein content, total lipid, saccharides, vitamin C content, total carotenoid content, amino acids content, elemental analysis, and antioxidant activity. Mean values and variations of these parameters are given in the article. The results demonstrated that S. canadensis can be a valuable raw material resource for many sectors of the economy with the possibility of its wider application in the future.
Factors Affecting Consumer’s Purchase Intention Toward Japanese Car in Pakistan
Authors: . .
Published: May 2019

This article has been retracted on June 24, 2020.
Language Performing Violence and Violence Performed on Language: A Political Lesson in Harold Pinter's One for the Road, Mountain Language, The New World Order, and The Pres and an Officer
Authors: Saunders Judith
Published: May 2019

In the context of today's political rhetoric, this article invites discussion of a subset of Harold Pinter's more explicitly political plays, including his recently discovered sketch, The Pres and an Officer. The plays demonstrate how language can be used to inflict violence and how, in the process, language itself is abused. Paucity of language implies paucity of thought and, as Pinter so succinctly warns us, poses a threat to civil discourse and the democracy that depends on it. The article draws parallels between Pinter's exposé of the role that language plays in the workings of totalitarian regimes and the effect of Trump's use of language in today's political discourse. In this light, it argues Pinter's plays call for political praxis.
Yemeni EFL Learners’ Identity Conflicts: An Exploratory Case Study
Authors: Attamimi Rais Ahmed , Al-Tamimi Nasser Omer M. , Chittick Jon Andrew
Published: May 2019

The importance of the concept of “identity” in the context of language learning is unassailable. Stemming from this premise, the current study is intended to explore the identity conflicts of a group of Yemeni learners who were studying English, as well as the techniques and strategies used to mitigate and/or lessen the conflicts between their actual identity and the identity associated with the target language, i.e., English. This research project used a qualitative exploratory case study research design with a sample of 20 students who were requested to write their journal diaries. Following that, semi-structured interviews were conducted using the double-sampling technique to select 10 of the previously sampled students who were proven to have written the most stimulating and intriguing journal entries. From the results of the study, tangible identity conflicts between the Yemeni culture and society at large and the implied behaviors and conventions accompanying the intensive study of the English language became apparent. The students exhibit a high level of motivation and they also exert their efforts using different techniques and strategies to excel at the learning and/or acquisition of the speaking skill of the English language. These conflicts may be consciously or subconsciously realized by the language learners, but what has been proven is that their attitudes, motivation and general inclinations towards the goal of speaking with a native or a native-like accent are unquestionably genuine. Lastly, the study suggested or recommended a revamp of the current textbooks giving teachers more training sessions in order to improve their individual repertoire, as well as a higher degree of awareness upon the part of the Yemeni society at large that these conflicts can interfere with the strong motivations, both aspirational and actual, to achieve the learning outcomes of the nation’s most promising future leaders and pioneers.
Does English Help You Accomplish More? Exploring the Instrumentality of English Learning in East and Southeast Asia
Authors: Zhang Huiyu
Published: May 2019

This study empirically investigates the relationship between English proficiency and personal accomplishment in East and Southeast Asia. With the database of AsiaBarometer Survey 2006 and 2007, 15082 questionnaire respondents from China, Hong Kong of China, Japan, Korea, Singapore, Taiwan of China, Vietnam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines and Thailand formed the sample. We present the following findings with correlation and regression analysis: a) English proficiency positively influences personal accomplishment; b) the focal relationship is partly mediated by income, career and quality of life; and c) the focal relationship is positively moderated by international involvement. Such findings disclose and confirm the instrumentality of English learning in globalization. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.
Cognitive and Discoursive Features of Speech Etiquette in Corporate Communication
Authors: Malyuga Elena , Maksimova Daria , Ivanova Maria
Published: May 2019

Today, the cultural, community-driven and individual-specific facets of speech etiquette are discussed in terms of the functional aspects manifested in various types of communication, including corporate interaction. This article analyzes the main cognitive and discoursive characteristics of the British and American speech etiquette from the perspective of cultural, social and role stereotypes, gives a characteristic of the content structure of speech behavior in corporate communication in three main areas—information, evaluation, motivation—and identifies ways to form these values. In order to achieve this goal, the following tasks are to be solved: (1) to determine the functions of speech formulas and their influence on the speech etiquette of British and American businesspeople, and (2) to identify the most outstanding characteristics in the use of formulas of agreement or disagreement in British and American speech etiquette. The article reveals the conditionality of the choice of speech etiquette formulas in the socio-cultural aspect and argues that speech etiquette in corporate communication is characterized by specialized functions and their clear implementation, which is the key to successful communication. The authors conclude that the change of the communicative setting entails the transformation of the register, therefore, the use of other formulas of speech etiquette. Consequently, the transition from formality to individualization of formulas has appeared in the use of formulas of agreement or disagreement in speech etiquette. So, business partners choose formulas based on the appropriateness and acceptability of use in the current setting with a specific interlocutor.
Wzmocnienie partycypacji społecznej w samorządzie – wyzwanie dla prawa administracyjnego
Authors: Ziółkowski Dawid
Published: May 2019

The article discusses the definition and the essence of the principle of social participation, with particular emphasis on the views of the doctrine and the jurisprudence of the administrative courts. The author expresses the view that social participation has constitutional legitimacy (however modest) and is closely related to the category of civil society. In the following part of the paper, specific participatory instruments are synthetically presented: public consultations, civic budget, youth municipal council, municipal council of seniors, civic legislative initiative, local referendum and village administration (sołectwo) fund. In summary, the author takes the view that the development of social participation meets the desired changes, empowering the real impact of residents on the life of the local community. Moreover, he expresses the view of the need to conduct critical research in parallel on the discussed principle.
Procedural Justice as a Rule of Law and Expression of Respect for Human Dignity
Authors: Chauvin Tatiana
Published: May 2019

Godność człowieka, zarówno w wymiarze osobowym, jak i osobistym jest na gruncie polskiego prawa podstawą systemu praw i wolności regulowanego w rozdziale II Konstytucji z 1997 r. Z kolei zasada państwa prawnego to kluczowa zasada demokracji konstytucyjnej respektującej prawa człowieka. Przepisy proceduralne skupiają się na sposobie, w jaki państwo działa, również w stosunku do jednostek. Sprawiedliwość proceduralna jako zasada wywodzona z zasady państwa prawnego może być więc definiowana jako zbiór wartości, których zagwarantowanie w normach prawnych i faktyczne wdrażanie w praktyce procesowej wpływa na ich sprawiedliwy przebieg i umożliwia jego pozytywną ocenę. Orzecznictwo Trybunału Konstytucyjnego wiąże zasadę sprawiedliwości proceduralnej, jako jedną z zasad państwa prawa przede wszystkim z prawem do sądu. Oznacza ono w szczególności: 1) prawo dostępu do sądu, 2) prawo do odpowiedniego ukształtowania procedury sądowej, 3) prawo do wyroku sądowego oraz 4) prawo do odpowiedniego ukształtowania ustroju i pozycji organów rozpoznających sprawy. Odpowiednie ukształtowanie procedury w rozumieniu Trybunału Konstytucyjnego zapewnia stronom prawo do bycia wysłuchanym; prawo do uzyskania uzasadnienia decyzji, co pozwala zapobiec arbitralności w działaniu sądu; zapewnienie przewidywalności postępowania; zagwarantowanie środków proceduralnych równoważących pozycję stron; zapewnienie instancyjnej kontroli decyzji; bezstronność sądu. Spełnienie tych wymogów gwarantuje poszanowanie godności człowieka jako uczestnika postępowania.
Experiences of School as a Mediator between Interpersonal Competence and Happiness in Adolescents
Authors: Baytemir Kemal
Published: May 2019

The main purpose of this research is to examine the mediating role of the perception of school experiences in the relationship between interpersonal competence and happiness in adolescent.  The participants in the study consisted of a total of 268 students, 104 females (39%) and 164 males (61%), attending various high schools in a city in the mid-Black Sea region. The participating students’ ages ranged between 14 and 18, with an average age of 16.22 (SD = 1.2). In order to gather data the “Interpersonal Competence Scale”, “Perceived School Experience Scale ” and “Oxford Happiness Scale” were used as measures. According to the results of the research, interpersonal competence predicts perceptions of school experience and happiness, perception of school experience predicts happiness. Analysis by structural equation modeling revealed that the perception of school experience has a partial mediating role in relationship between interpersonal competence and happiness in adolescents. The research findings are discussed within the context of the related literature and some suggestions are provided for researchers and practitioners in the field of mental health.
Clarifying the two facets of Self-Oriented Perfectionism: influences on affect and the Big Five traits of personality in children
Authors: Vicent María , Inglés Cándido J. , Sanmartín Ricardo , Gonzálvez Carolina , Aparicio-Flores María del Pilar , García-Fernández José Manuel
Published: May 2019

This study analyses the relationship between the perfectionism dimensions, i.e. Self-Oriented Perfectionism-Critical (SOP-C) and Self-Oriented Perfectionism-Striving (SOP-S), and affect and the Big Five traits of personality in a sample of 804 Spanish students aged 8 to 11 (M  = 9.57; DE = 1.12). Student’s t test, Cohen’s d index and logistic regression analysis were used. The high SOP-C group scored significantly higher than their peers having low SOP-C on Negative Affect and Neuroticism, and lower on Positive Affect, Agreeableness, Consciousness and Openness to Experience. To the contrary, students with high SOP-S scored significantly higher on all adaptive dimensions (i.e. Positive Affect, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Consciousness and Openness to Experience), and lower on Negative Affect and Neuroticism. Effect sizes were small for most of statistically significant differences. These findings were also supported by regression analysis. Results are discussed in light of the debate on the adaptive or maladaptive nature of Self-Oriented Perfectionism.
Development and validation of the WhatsApp Negative Impact scale (WANIS)
Authors: Bernal-Ruiz Cristina , Rosa-Alcázar Ángel , González-Calatayud Víctor
Published: May 2019

The use of instant messaging affects different areas of users’ daily lives (personal, social, family, work). The aim of this research was to develop and validate a scale that measures the negative impact of WhatsApp's use in several areas (WANIS). Two studies were conducted. The first one was a pilot study in which the scale was built. The sample consisted of 95 university students aged between 17 and 27. (M = 21.34; SD = 2.11). In the second study, the factor structure was examined and the validity of the scale was analysed from a sample of 630 university students aged between 18 and 62 (M = 21.23; DT = 4.32). The exploratory factor analysis revealed that the three-factor solution was most appropriate for interpreting the scale. The instrument had high reliability and good convergent and discriminant validity. The results indicated that sex, marital status and employment status affected the negative impact experienced by WhatsApp users. This scale has proven to be a valid tool for assessing the impact that this instant messaging application has on controlling intimate relationships, the negative consequences of its use and the problematic use by users.
Variables de la actividad de una marca en Twitter que influyen en el comportamiento de difusión de contenido de marca en su audiencia
Authors: Matosas López Luis
Published: May 2019

This paper investigates spreading behavior of branded content, within an online brand community. A total of 41.392 pieces of content were gathered to analyze the activity of 45 Twitter brands, in the Spanish food industry, during one-year period. The study uses an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to reveal the structure of that spreading behavior, addressing two key constructs: propagation and sharing. In addition, multiple regression analysis is conducted to identity the influence of the independent variables controlled by the company, which predict that spreading action on the proposed structural model. Findings indicate the significant effect of variables such as: mentions made by the brand, posting time or volume of tweets, in predicting audience spreading behavior. Controversially, results suggest that brand use of the retweet function generates a negative influence on audience response. The research also innovates exploring the impact of sentiment expressions used by the brand on audience spreading behavior.
El mercado de criptomonedas. Un análisis de red
Authors: Jaureguizar Francés Carlos , Grau-Carles Pilar , Jaureguizar Arellano Diego
Published: May 2019

In this paper we examine the characteristics of the daily price series of 16 different cryptocurrencies between July 2017 and February 2018. The methodologies used for the analysis are the so-called Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) and hierarchical analysis by dendrogram, both obtained Pearson correlations between daily returns. This methodology visualizes the market relationships between the assets analyzed, identifying a high correlation between price movements for all the currencies. In addition, it has been possible to identify Ethereum’s position as a benchmark currency in the cryptocurrency market, rather than Bitcoin, as one might expect, due to its popularity and trading volume.
Caché-e — Away from Keyboard
Authors: Morel Julie
Published: May 2019

Mes productions artistiques sont, dans la majorité des cas, créées ou réceptionnées
par le biais d’un ordinateur et appelées à générer plusieurs versions, et cela sur
différents supports et médiums. Chaque nouvelle version prolonge ou remplace l’objet
précédent, qui tend à exister en flux entre ses multiples représentations.
« Une loi, une foi, un roi » : tolérance et concorde en Nouvelle-France à l’époque d’Henri IV*
Authors: De Waele Michel
Published: May 2019

L’arrivée des Européens en Amérique les expose aux populations locales et à l’attitude qu’il leur fallait adopter face à elles. Les Français, lorsqu’ils abordèrent les rives de l’Acadie et du Saint-Laurent, adoptèrent logiquement la politique qui avait permis à leur roi de calmer les troubles qui avaient secoué le royaume durant la seconde moitié du XVIe siècle : la tolérance provisoire des différences – un mal nécessaire – devait mener à la concorde, c’est-à-dire à l’unité sous une seule loi, une seule foi et un seul roi de l’ensemble des habitants du territoire, indigènes comme non-indigènes. La première partie de cet article explique la différence qui existait à cette époque entre tolérance et concorde et expose comment la première était un moyen, et non un objectif, permettant d’atteindre des buts politiques, religieux ou économiques précis. La deuxième partie analyse comment la politique royale s’est transposée en Nouvelle-France sous le règne d’Henri IV.
Les Affaires indiennes et les lieux de culte chrétiens sur les réserves, 1875-1940*
Authors: Gélinas Claude , Desruisseaux Caroline
Published: May 2019

Les initiatives du gouvernement canadien pour favoriser l’adoption du christianisme par les populations autochtones ont été largement documentées et commentées. Par contre, la manière dont celui-ci s’est acquitté de ses responsabilités de tuteur à l’égard des choix et des besoins religieux des Autochtones chrétiens est beaucoup moins connue. Sur ce plan, l’analyse des dossiers administratifs des Affaires indiennes concernant la gestion des lieux de culte chrétiens sur les réserves, entre 1875 et 1940, révèle que les fonctionnaires de l’État ont agi à l’égard des Autochtones et des congrégations religieuses dans le respect des principes constitutifs du mode étatique de gestion du pluralisme religieux alors en vigueur à l’échelle du pays. Tout en adoptant une posture de neutralité envers les congrégations chrétiennes et en s’assurant de préserver l’autonomie à la fois des Églises et de l’État, les fonctionnaires des Affaires indiennes ont respecté non seulement les choix religieux des Autochtones, mais l’égalité des cultes en protégeant, autant que possible, les minorités religieuses chrétiennes. En ce sens, il s’agissait de l’un des rares domaines où les Autochtones semblent avoir bénéficié d’un traitement égal à celui de la majorité des autres Canadiens, bien que dans un cadre tutélaire qui n’était pas dépourvu de contraintes à l’égard de leur capacité de pratique cultuelle.
Entre corpos: coabitação radical e produção do espaço queer
Authors: Pérez Navarro Pablo
Published: May 2019

O presente texto parte das reflexões de Judith Butler sobre as políticas de coabitação, assim como das suas mais recentes aportações sobre a performatividade da assembleia, para explorar os efeitos da adoção de estratégias separatistas sobre as políticas de alianças da dissidência sexogenérica e relacional. A reflexão parte de uma leitura crítica dos modos de produção dos espaços de convergência e coligação dos ativismos queer e transfeministas da cidade de Madrid, com o objetivo de defender umas políticas espaciais e temporais comprometidas com o seu próprio desbordamento crítico.
De Foucault à Butler, en passant par Sartre : l’impossibilité du « nous » ?
Authors: Sabot Philippe
Published: May 2019

L’article met au point un questionnement critique sur la notion de soulèvement en tantque celle-ci met en jeu les conditions d’émergence d’un collectif, les conditions de la survenued’une action et d’une parole collective – et aussi le problème de leur devenir. De ce point de vue, c’est le « nous » qui sera au centre de l’interrogation. Plus précisément : à quelles conditions un « nous » se forme-t-il ? Comment passe-t-on d’une collection d’individualités à l’organisation d’un groupe ? Qui dit « nous » ? Et quelles sont les implications (mais peut-être aussi les limites) de ce « nous » dans l’ordre politique ? De telles questions hantent l’histoire et la philosophie politiques et il n’est pas dans l’objet de cet article de reprendre tous les débats qui ont pu les animer. Il s’agit plutôt de montrer que ce type de questionnement sur le « nous » est très présent chez Foucault mais qu’il reste encore pour une part inabouti lorsqu’il s’agit de penser les modalités d’émergence d’un collectif en lutte. Cet inaboutissement nous permet d’en évaluer la possibilité (ou l’impossibilité) dans la pensée de Sartre et dans les recherches de Butler.
Crítica e coalizão: repensar a resistência com Foucault e Butler
Authors: Duarte André , César Maria Rita de Assis
Published: May 2019

Discutimos a importância e o significado de algumas noções-chave do pensamento de Michel Foucault e de Judith Butler, como as noções de “atitude crítica” e de “políticas de coalizão”, tendo em vista repensar o estatuto da noção e da própria prática da resistência, no contexto das lutas dos movimentos sociais de caráter identitário, vinculadas às demandas de populações marginalizadas (pessoas negras; mulheres; LGBTs). Essa discussão nos permite estabelecer uma relação entre a crítica e a resistência no pensamento de Foucault, bem como nos permite relacionar estes aspectos centrais do pensamento foucaultiano à reflexão política pós-identitária de Judith Butler. Por sua vez, a associação de noções de crítica, resistência e políticas de coalizão nos permite propor uma avaliação crítica dos embates fratricidas entre militantes de diversos movimentos  sociais, cuja ênfase em concepções identitárias rígidas tem promovido o enfraquecimento dos próprios sujeitos da resistência.
Genetic Expression of Different Coat Colour Variants of Black Bengal Goat (BBG) in Bangladesh
Authors: Habib Md Ahsan , Akhtar Ambia , Bhuiyan Abul Kashem Fazlul Haque , Afroz Most Farhana
Published: May 2019

Aims: To investigate the genetic expression of different coat colour variants in Black Bengal Goat (BBG) of Bangladesh.

Study Design: CRD with non-orthogonal hierarchy.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at 3 rural village communities of Bhaluka Upazila in Mymensingh district of Bangladesh from 2009 to 2013.

Methodology: All goats in community breeding program under this study were ear-tagged and maintained under semi-intensive management system with three breeding strategies in progressive generations. Data were collected from a baseline survey for goat population study along with 3 progressive generations produced from the community foundation flocks. The colour distribution and the colours of kids from matings among different colour parents were observed and recorded accordingly. The recorded data were analyzed by "SPSS 20.0" statistical program.

Results: The highest colour populations of about 53% were solid black in colour and others being Bezoar (31%), black with Toggenbergpattern (9%), black with Dutch belt pattern (6%) and solid brown (only 0.5%). Sex and generation had no significant effect on coat colour expression, while, coat colour in different locations differed significantly. For the analysis of coat colour inheritance, two categories of offspring were considered in this study; one from known coat colour dams mated with unknown coat colour sire and another from known coat colour parents. In the earlier category, most of the offspring exposed their dam’s coat colour when mated to unknown coat colour sires. For later category, there were varieties of coat colours offspring, produced from matings between two different or same colour parents.

Conclusion: Although the segregation of coat colours among offspring showed dominance of parents` colour, there were also offspring`s other than parents` coat colours. This might be due to polymorphism of coat colour gene in BBG.
Metronomic Low Dose Leucovorin- Fluorouracil versus Supportive Treatment for Patients with Recurrent or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Rashed Elkalla Hend M. Hamdey , Elzahy Mohamed Saad , Elazab Shoukri Hassan
Published: May 2019

Introduction: There was an improvement in therapeutic regimens for advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) in the last few decades. The low dose metronomic palliative chemotherapy in patients with advanced CRC after the failure of standard chemotherapy led to a dramatic increase in efficacy, reduction of mortality rates, and improves survival in the form of control symptoms, and enhances or improves quality of life which is an important issue in that group of patients.

Patients and Methods: We include 60 Patients with recurrent or metastatic colorectal cancer after failure of multiple lines of chemotherapy. The patients were randomized in two groups either to receive supportive treatment in group A (30 patients) or low dose weekly leucovorin 20 mg/m² plus 5-flourouracil 425 mg/m² for 3 weeks and 1 week rest in group B (30 patients). Patients in group B received palliative chemotherapy for 4 months at least.

Results: After a follow up period of 19 months, the mean time to progression (TTP) is 4.9 months for the group (A) but is higher in group (B) as it is 7.8 months and it shows a statistically significant difference (P value <0.001). Also, the mean overall survival(OS) is 15.3 months for group (A) and 18.8 months for group (B) and this is statistically significant (P value <0.002). No grade 3 or 4 toxicity was detected. After 4 months of the study, 29 patients (96.6%) still have the stable disease compared to 18 patients (60%) of group (A). After 8 months, only 12 patients (40%) of group (B) show stable disease while all patients of group (A) have disease progression.

Conclusion: We conclude that metronomic weekly leucovorin-5 FU could provide a good tolerable way to go on with chemotherapy treatment while at the same time not have major threatening side effects.
Scn1b deletion in adult mice results in seizures and SUDEP
Authors: O'Malley Heather A. , Hull Jacob M. , Clawson Brittany C. , Chen Chunling , Owens‐Fiestan Gic , Jameson Margaret B. , Aton Sara J. , Parent Jack M. , Isom Lori L.
Published: May 2019

Pathogenic loss‐of‐function variants in SCN1B are linked to Dravet syndrome (DS). Previous work suggested that neuronal pathfinding defects underlie epileptogenesis and SUDEP in the Scn1b null mouse model of DS. We tested this hypothesis by inducing Scn1b deletion in adult mice that had developed normally. Epilepsy and SUDEP, which occur by postnatal day 21 in Scn1b null animals, were observed within 20 days of induced Scn1b deletion in adult mice, suggesting that epileptogenesis in SCN1B‐DS does not result from defective brain development. Thus, the developmental brain defects observed previously in Scn1b null mice may model other co‐morbidities of DS.
Bioprinting of Human Musculoskeletal Interface
Authors: Luo Wenbin , Liu He , Wang Chenyu , Qin Yanguo , Liu Qingping , Wang Jincheng
Published: May 2019

Human musculoskeletal interface (MI) refer to biofunctional and engineering similarities enabling smooth connections through muscular and skeletal attachments. MI is commonly involved in musculoskeletal injuries and degenerative diseases, while the key problem to achieve biological integration with the surrounding host tissues of MI is fabricating substitution with precisely structural and material distribution. Bioprinting has made it possible to achieve artificial tissues with spatial controlled heterogeneity of physical properties and bioactive composition similar to native MI tissues. In this review, emphasis is put on detailed introduction of structural and biofunctional properties of MI tissues, as well as recent MI bioprinting application of microextrusion and inkjet bioprinting approaches. Specially, by combining 3D printing and bioprinting approaches, hybrid bioprinting approaches of reinforced MI constructs are retrospected. Other issues of biomaterials, bioprinting methods and relevant regulations are discussed. Future challenges in engineering, material science and clinical transformation are also summarized. Taken together, bioprinting of MI tissues can be of great interest in future development of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Whole Cell‐Based Cascade Biotransformation for the Production of (S)‐Mandelic Acid from Styrene, L‐Phenylalanine, Glucose, or Glycerol
Authors: Lukito Benedict Ryan , Sekar Balaji Sundara , Wu Shuke , Li Zhi
Published: May 2019

(S)‐Mandelic acid is a useful and high value chemical with many synthetic applications, but its synthesis often requires the use of toxic cyanide. Here, we report the development of several cyanide‐free methods to prepare (S)‐mandelic acid via cascade biotransformation. Enhanced production of (S)‐mandelic acid from styrene via 4‐step enzyme cascades was achieved with Escherichia coli (A‐M1_R‐M2) cells, giving 118–144 mM (18–21.9 g/L, 72–79% yield) product. The process was scaled up to 1.5 L to produce 140 mM (21.3 g/L) of (S)‐mandelic acid in 70% yield. A strategy with the recycling and reuse of Escherichia coli cells, unreacted substrate, and organic solvent was developed to enhance the productivity of (S)‐mandelic acid through repeated batches, affording 190 mM (95% yield) and 328 mM (82% yield) product in two and four batches, respectively. (S)‐mandelic acid was also produced from bio‐derived L‐phenylalanine via 6‐step enzyme cascades. Biotransformation of L‐phenylalanine with Escherichia coli (LZ37) cells expressing all enzymes for the reactions gave 160 mM (S)‐mandelic acid in 80% yield. Moreover, (S)‐mandelic acid were synthesized from glycerol or glucose via L‐phenylalanine biosynthesis pathway and the 6‐step enzyme cascade. Coupling of Escherichia coli (NST74‐Phe) with Escherichia coli (LZ37) enabled the sustainable production of 63 mM (10 g/L) or 52 mM (8 g/L) (S)‐mandelic acid from renewable feedstocks glycerol and glucose, respectively.

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Who has the guts to deprescribe proton pump inhibitors? A pharmacist‐led intervention in a long‐term care facility setting
Authors: Tandun Rachel , Bubbar Carolyn , Tejani Aaron M.
Published: May 2019

Objective

Long‐term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) has been associated with an increased risk of harm. There are few studies evaluating pharmacist‐led PPI deprescribing interventions within a long‐term care facility setting. The aim of this study was to describe the changes and influencing factors seen with a pharmacist‐led PPI deprescribing intervention in two Fraser Health Authority long‐term care facilities in British Columbia.

Methods

This 4‐month intervention involved lists of residents who had active PPI orders being handed out to physicians from two facilities. The pharmacist conducted weekly reviews of residents from Facility 1 and offered deprescribing recommendations. The number and methods of PPI deprescribing orders per facility were determined after the intervention.

Results

Out of 58 residents from the two facilities, 30 (62.5%) had a deprescribing order. Facility 1 had 83.3% (20/24) of residents with a PPI deprescribing order, in contrast to 41.7% (10/24) from Facility 2. Overall, 80.0% of residents had successfully completed PPI deprescribing orders by the end of the study period.

Conclusion

Clinical pharmacist intervention may increase the rate of initiation in PPI deprescribing orders within a long‐term care facility setting. Factors that influence success include intervention timing, active collaboration, having residents under direct care, and clear documentation of PPI indications.
The first case report of medulloblastoma associated with Tatton‐Brown–Rahman syndrome
Authors: Sweeney Kieron J. , Mottolese Carmine , Belot Alexandre , Szathmari Alexandru , Frappaz Didier , Lesca Gaetan , Putoux Audrey , Di Rocco Federico
Published: May 2019

DNMT3A codes for a DNA methyl transferase enzyme that plays a central role embryogenesis. Somatic mutations in this gene have been associated with tumorigenesis and are associated with a number of cancers. The recently described Tatton‐Brown–Rahman syndrome (TBRS) is due to heterozygous germline mutations in the DNMT3A gene. So far, only one case of hematological malignancy associated with TBRS have been reported. Here, we describe the first case presenting with TBRS and medulloblastoma. We also discuss the associations between mutations in DNMT3A found in TBRS, AML, and medulloblastoma.
Redox/pH Dual Stimuli‐Responsive Acridine Spiropyran
Authors: Hirao Yasukazu , Taniguchi Toshiaki , Teraoka Mitsuru , Kubo Takashi
Published: May 2019

A spiropyran derivative containing an acridinium and a phenoxide moieties was found to exhibit both halochromism and electrochromism in response to acid stimulation and oxidative stimulation, respectively. Variable scan‐rate voltammetric studies revealed that the acridine spiropyran undergoes a reversible conversion between a closed‐ring and an open‐ring form during the redox cycle. The presence of a ring‐opened radical cation species was demonstrated by simultaneous electrochemical ESR measurements.
A strategy for improving the prognosis of non‐occlusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI): a single‐center observational study
Authors: Nakamura Fumiko , Yui Rintaro , Muratsu Arisa , Onoe Atsunori , Nakajima Mari , Takahashi Hiroki , Kishimoto Masanobu , Sakuramoto Kazuhito , Muroya Takashi , Kajino Kentaro , Ikegawa Hitoshi , Kuwagata Yasuyuki
Published: May 2019

Aim

The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic factors of non‐occlusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI) and to examine treatment strategies that could improve its prognosis.

Methods

We retrospectively identified 30 patients who underwent emergency laparotomy for NOMI in Kansai Medical University Hospital (Hirakata, Japan) from April 2013 to December 2017. We examined prognostic factors related to discharge outcome and also examined the prognostic impact of open abdominal management and second look operation strategy (OSS) by dividing the patients into the non‐OSS group and the OSS group.

Results

The primary end‐point was a prognostic factor for outcome at discharge of the 30 patients. The outcome at discharge was compared between the survival group and the death group. Multivariate analysis was undertaken on two items from the univariate analysis that showed a significant difference (computed tomography findings of intestinal pneumatosis and acute disseminated intravascular coagulation [DIC] score). As a result, there was a significant difference in the factors of intestinal pneumatosis (odds ratio = 0.054; 95% confidence interval, 0.005–0.607; P = 0.018) and DIC score (odds ratio = 1.892; 95% confidence interval, 1.077–3.323; P = 0.027). The secondary end‐point was the treatment outcome before and after the application of OSS. Operation time was significantly shorter and the amount of bleeding was also significantly less in the OSS group.

Conclusion

Computed tomography findings of intestinal pneumatosis and the acute disseminated intravascular coagulation score were found to be prognostic factors for survival in patients with NOMI. Aggressive laparotomy to determine the definitive diagnosis is needed and OSS could be useful to improve patient prognosis for survival from NOMI.
Genetic risk of dementia mitigated by cognitive reserve: A cohort study
Authors: Dekhtyar Serhiy , Marseglia Anna , Xu Weili , Darin‐Mattsson Alexander , Wang Hui‐Xin , Fratiglioni Laura
Published: May 2019

Objective

We investigated whether cognitive reserve modifies the risk of dementia attributable to apolipoprotein ε4 (APOE‐ε4), a well‐known genetic risk factor for dementia.

Methods

We followed 2,556 cognitively intact participants aged ≥60 years from the ongoing prospective community‐based Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC‐K). Dementia was ascertained through clinical and neuropsychological assessments and diagnosed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria. Structural equation modeling was used to generate a cognitive reserve indicator from 4 previously validated contributors: early life education, midlife substantive work complexity, late life leisure activities, and late life social networks. Cox proportional hazard models estimated dementia risk in relation to cognitive reserve indicator. The interaction between the cognitive reserve indicator and APOE‐ε4 was assessed on multiplicative and additive scales.

Results

After an average of 6.3 years (range = 2.1–10.7) of follow‐up, 232 dementia cases were ascertained. Relative to individuals in the lowest tertile of cognitive reserve indicator, those with moderate and high reserve were at a reduced risk of dementia. There was no multiplicative interaction between APOE‐ε4 status and cognitive reserve indicator (p = 0.113). Additive interaction was statistically significant. Relative to APOE‐ε4 carriers with low cognitive reserve, ε4 carriers with high reserve had a reduced risk of dementia (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.13–0.59). The magnitude of risk reduction was similar in ε4 noncarriers with a high cognitive reserve indicator (HR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.15–0.40).

Interpretation

Lifelong engagement in reserve‐enhancing activities attenuates the risk of dementia attributable to APOE‐ε4. Promoting cognitive reserve might be especially effective in subpopulations with high genetic risk of dementia. ANN NEUROL 2019
Atomic‐Scale Observation of the Metal–Promoter Interaction in Rh‐Based Syngas‐Upgrading Catalysts
Authors: Huang Xing , Teschner Detre , Dimitrakopoulou Maria , Fedorov Alexey , Frank Benjamin , Kraehnert Ralph , Rosowski Frank , Kaiser Harry , Schunk Stephan , Kuretschka Christiane , Schlögl Robert , Willinger Marc‐Georg , Trunschke Annette
Published: May 2019

The direct conversion of syngas to ethanol, typically using promoted Rh catalysts, is a cornerstone reaction in CO2 utilization and hydrogen storage technologies. A rational catalyst development requires a detailed structural understanding of the activated catalyst and the role of promoters in driving chemoselectivity. Herein, we report a comprehensive atomic‐scale study of metal–promoter interactions in silica‐supported Rh, Rh–Mn, and Rh–Mn–Fe catalysts by aberration‐corrected (AC) TEM. While the catalytic reaction leads to the formation of a Rh carbide phase in the Rh–Mn/SiO2 catalyst, the addition of Fe results in the formation of bimetallic Rh–Fe alloys, which further improves the selectivity and prevents the carbide formation. In all promoted catalysts, Mn is present as an oxide decorating the metal particles. Based on the atomic insight obtained, structural and electronic modifications induced by promoters are revealed and a basis for refined theoretical models is provided.
Synthesis of a Strained Spherical Carbon Nanocage by Regioselective Alkyne Cyclotrimerization
Authors: Hayase Norihiko , Nogami Juntaro , Shibata Yu , Tanaka Ken
Published: May 2019

The smallest spherical carbon nanocage so far, [2.2.2]carbon nanocage, has been synthesized by the cationic rhodium(I)/H8‐binap complex‐catalyzed regioselective intermolecular cyclotrimerization of a cis‐1‐ethynyl‐4‐arylcyclohexadiene derivative followed by the triple Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐couplings with 1,3,5‐triborylbenzene and reductive aromatization. This cage molecule is highly strained, and its ring strain is between those of [6] and [5]cycloparaphenylenes. A significant red‐shift of an emission maximum was observed, compared with that of known [4.4.4]carbon nanocage. The sequential cyclotrimerizations of a cis‐1,4‐diethynylcyclohexadiene derivative with the same rhodium(I) catalyst followed by reductive aromatization failed to afford [1.1.1]carbon nanocage; instead, a β‐graph‐shaped cage molecule was generated.
Ultra‐small and highly dispersed Pd nanoparticles inside the pores of ZIF‐8: Sustainable approach to waste‐minimized Mizoroki–Heck cross‐coupling reaction based on reusable heterogeneous catalyst
Authors: Azad Mohammad , Rostamizadeh Shahnaz , Estiri Hamid , Nouri Fatemeh
Published: May 2019

The rapid development of nanomaterials, particularly advanced hybrid nanoparticles, has made new opportunities for the design and fabrication of high‐performance metal‐based catalysts. However, generating metal nanoparticles of desired size without aggregation is an important challenge for enhancing the catalytic activity of metal nanoparticles supported in the host matrix. In this work, a hybrid nanoporous material, namely Pd nanoparticles@N‐heterocyclic carbene@ZIF‐8, with a high internal surface area was successfully prepared using a dispersed anionic sulfonated N‐heterocyclic carbene–Pd(II) precursor inside the cavities of zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF‐8) using an impregnation approach followed by reduction with NaBH4. The anionic sulfonated N‐heterocyclic carbene was found to be a superb ligand for the stabilization of Pd nanoparticles in the pores of ZIF‐8. The resulting system was applied to the Mizoroki–Heck cross‐coupling reaction, in which the catalyst showed high catalytic activity under mild reaction conditions.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by using eugenol and evaluation of antimicrobial potential
Authors: Tekin Volkan , Kozgus Guldu Ozge , Dervis Emine , Yurt Kilcar Ayfer , Uygur Emre , Biber Muftuler F. Zumrut
Published: May 2019

The importance of green synthesis was revealed with advantages such as: eliminating the use of expensive chemicals; consume less energy; and generate environmentally benign products. With this aim, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized by using isolated eugenol from clove extract. Its antimicrobial potential was determined on three different microorganisms. Clove was extracted and eugenol was isolated from this extract. Green synthesis was performed and an anti‐microbial study was performed. All extraction and isolation analyses were performed by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); identification and confirmation were achieved using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS); and scanning electron microscopy was used for characterization. Both HPLC and LC–MS analyses showed that eugenol obtained purely synthesized AgNPs and 20‐25‐nm‐sized and homogeneous shaped particles seen in images. The antimicrobial effects of AgNPs at eight concentrations were determinated against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans, and maximum inhibition zone diameters were found as 2.6 cm, 2.4 cm and 1.5 cm, respectively. The results of the antimicrobial study showed that eugenol as a biological material brought higher antimicrobial effect to AgNPs in comparison to the other materials found in the literature.
Targeting HIV‐TB coinfection by developing novel piperidin‐4‐substituted imines: Design, synthesis, in vitro and in silico studies
Authors: Kumar Avinash , Revathi Rajappan , Sriram Dharmarajan , Curreli Francesca , Debnath Asim K. , Pai K. Sreedhara , Kini Suvarna G.
Published: May 2019

Tuberculosis is the “Achilles heel” of the human immunodeficiency (HIV) ministration. HIV‐positive people are 16–27 times more prone to contract tuberculosis. But the adverse interaction between antiretroviral drugs and antitubercular drugs has made it necessary to look for a single drug regimen for HIV‐TB coinfection. Piperidine derivatives have been reported as anti‐HIV and anti‐TB agents. This inspired us to design, synthesize, and characterize a series of 3,5‐bis(furan‐2‐ylmethylidene)‐piperidin‐4‐substituted imines (R1‐R25) and these were further screened for in vitro antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and anti‐HIV activity. Molecular docking studies showed energetically favorable binding interactions with both EACP reductase (1ZID.pdb) and reverse‐transcriptase (1REV.pdb) targets. The compounds R7, R12, R17, R18, R19, R20 were found to be more potent as anti‐TB agents than ethambutol (MIC 3.125 μg/ml). Compound R7 was found to be moderately active with an IC50 of 2.1 ± 0.04 μM in multicycle infection assays, in comparison with the standard drug, zidovudine (IC50 = 5.7 ± 0.04 nM), used as anti‐HIV drug. The cytotoxicity assay was done on Vero, MT‐2, and TZM‐bl cells to assess the safety of these compounds and they were found to be safe. From the above results, R7 seems to be a promising lead for anti‐HIV and anti‐TB activity.