bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy for Lidocaine and Articaine in Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block - A Comparative Study
Authors: Purkayastha Rakhi S. , Joshi Samir , Nair Krishnanunni , Pawar Sudhir
Published: June 2024

Aims:

Compare the efficacy of 2% lidocaine with adrenaline (1:200,000) and 4% articaine with adrenaline (1:100,000) in inferior alveolar nerve block prior to extraction of bilateral teeth posterior to canine in interval of one week.

Methods and Material:

Thirty-five patients were selected for the study. Patients were divided into two different groups: Group 1 – (2% lignocaine with adrenaline (1:200,000)) and Group 2 – (4% articaine with adrenaline (1:100,000)) solution. The study variables for each anaesthetic agent were: onset of action and depth of anaesthesia. A pulp tester was used to demonstrate quantitative values and a visual analogue scale (VAS) was used for qualitative evaluation of the two anaesthetic drugs in 2 min cycle for 10 min with respect to test canine. Anaesthesia was considered successful when pulp tester value 64 was achieved in 10 min for both the anaesthetic agent.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The difference in the efficacy of lignocaine and articaine was analysed using Student’s t test. Within group comparison of the response to the pulp vitality test and VAS over various time periods was analysed using repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc Bonferroni test.

Results:

Data analysis showed statistical differences in onset and depth of anaesthesia between the two groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

4% Articaine with adrenaline (1:100,000) onset of action is faster and depth of anaesthesia is better compared to 2% lignocaine with adrenaline (1:200,000). Many previous studies reported onset of anaesthesia, but this study evaluates onset and depth of both the anaesthetic agent quantitatively and qualitatively.
Evaluation of Remineralizing Capacity of Tricalcium Phosphate, Nano-Hydroxyapatite and Ozone Remineralizing Agents on the Artificial Carious Lesion
Authors: Shah Shahzad Ali , Sharma Mehak , Ismail Prabu Mahin Syed , Babaji Prashant , Mohammed Azhar , Malik Bhavna , Mandal Ananyo
Published: June 2024

Background:

Dental caries is a dynamic process. By using therapeutic agents, early, noncavitated lesions and caries limited to the enamel can be stopped or even remineralized. For the remineralization of the initial carious lesion, many nonfluoridated remineralizing agents were investigated.

Objectives:

An observational study to assess the remineralizing efficacy of tricalcium phosphate (TCP), nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp) and ozone remineralizing agents on the artificial carious lesion.

Methodology:

In this observational research, the artificial carious lesion was produced on extracted 40 premolar teeth. Later, remineralizing agents (Group A: nHAp, Group B: TCP, Group C: Ozone remineralizing agents, Group D: Control group (Deionized water) were used to remineralize demineralized teeth. Utilizing the Vickers Hardness Number, the level of demineralization and remineralization was assessed. Later these readings were statistically assessed using the Tukey’s HSD (honestly significant difference) and ANOVA tests in SPSS version 21.0. The P value was set at 0.05 or less.

Results:

After demineralization, there was a decrease in enamel microhardness values, with 32% in Group A, 26% in Group B, 22% in Group C, and 21% in Group D, respectively. From the baseline to demineralization, there was a statistically significant decrease in microhardness across all groups. After remineralization, Groups A, B, and C experienced an increase in microhardness while Group D experienced no changes. This showed that Group A had the highest remineralization percentage, followed by Group B and Group C.

Conclusion:

nHAp and TCP had the greater remineralizing ability, which can be used to manage initial carious lesions.
Ludwig’s Angina During Pregnancy-A Case Report
Authors: Balaji Varsha Christy Rani , Vani K
Published: June 2024

Pregnancy is accompanied by several physiological changes such as altered salivary flow rate, mucosal immunity and altered microbial flora. This may predispose pregnant women to oral health problems. This could be accentuated by oral health neglect, polypharmacy and a host of other factors, including dietary modification. However, a very significant percentage of women are not counselled on oral health during pregnancy. Lack of proper oral healthcare and awareness predispose pregnant women to oral and odontogenic infections, which can lead to severe complications. The manuscript aims to present a rare case of Ludwig’s angina (LA) in a full-term pregnant woman requiring immediate attention.
An Immunohistochemical and Histological Study of the Animal Periodontal Ligament During Orthodontic Force Application with Concomitant Application of Electric Current - An Animal Study
Authors: Chou Teh Min , Agarwal Ashish , Agarwal Rahul
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

The application of direct current can have a significant impact on the rate of tooth movement and surrounding periodontal ligament collagen turnover. This study aims to provide insight into the optimal characteristics of applied current to achieve enhanced tissue response.

Method:

Eighteen male Wistar rats were divided into three groups (I, II, and III). Split mouth design was used, and each side was allocated into an experimental group or control group. Experimental sides of groups I, II, and III received 20, 10, and 15 μA of current (15 min, twice daily for 3 days). Both the experimental and control groups receive an orthodontic force via the NiTi closed coil spring. The amount of tooth movement was determined daily. Immunohistochemistry slides were scored using the immunoreactive scoring (IRS) system for collagen types I and III. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post hoc test were used to analyse the rate of tooth movement, while Mann–Whitney test was used to analyse IRS distribution between control and experimental groups.

Results:

Compared with the control group, there was a statistically significant difference in tooth movement in all the experimental groups, with group 3 showing the maximum rate on days 2 and 3. This was supported by immunoreactive scores for both collagen types I and III.

Conclusions:

After 72 hours, the expression of collagen types 1 and 3 increased significantly for group III. This finding was in harmony with the rate of tooth movement, which was maximum for group 3 (15 μA) as compared to other groups.
Parental Attachment Styles and Psychological Well-being in Gifted Adolescents: Insights from India
Authors: Hapse Kasturi , Desai Devasena N. , Gokhale Meenakshi , Balasubramanian Sadhanaa , Gayathree M.
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

The present study aimed to understand the relationship between perceived parental attachment style and the well-being of gifted adolescents in India.

Methods:

A correlational research design was used to analyze the results of the study. Data were collected from 53 gifted adolescents (age: 13–17 years) using the purposive sampling method. The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment - Revised (Gullone & Robinson, 2005) and Psychological Well-being of Adolescents scale (Kulkarni & Patwardhan, 2015) which is based on Ryff’s model of psychological well-being were used for data collection. The data were analyzed using Kendall’s Tau correlation.

Results:

The results indicate a significant positive correlation between perceived parental attachment and psychological well-being, specifically with respect to self-acceptance and personal growth in gifted adolescents.

Conclusion:

Findings suggest that perception of trust from parents, effective communication, and reduced sense of parental alienation are positively linked to self-acceptance and purpose of life in gifted adolescents. Parental trust correlates with the feeling of empowerment in gifted adolescents, impacting their willingness to explore new things and find innovative solutions to problems. Diminished feelings of parental alienation contribute to the personal growth in gifted adolescents and vice versa.
Exploring Childlessness: A Cross-Sectional Examination of Marital Adjustment and Mental Health Status among Men and Women in Northeast India
Authors: Paul Fayaz Ahmad , Basistha Banani , Ali Arif , Saikia Priyanka , Dar Danishwar Rasool
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Childlessness has been characterized as a syndrome with multiple causes, a disease’s effect, or manifestation rather than the disease itself, a biological impairment, a psychosomatic disorder, a condition that affects a couple rather than an individual, a failure to produce, and a failure to satisfy the individual’s desire to have children.

Aim:

This study assessed mental health and marital adjustment and examined the relationship between mental health and marital adjustment among childless men and women in northeast India.

Materials and Methods:

The present study employed a cross-sectional research design to examine a sample of 72 childless men and women residing in the northeastern states of India, all of whom had been married for a minimum of 5 years. Out of the total sample, there were 21 men (29.2%) and 51 women (70.8%). Among these participants, it was found that 18 individuals (25.0%) were currently undergoing treatment. The participants were chosen using the snowball sampling approach. The study employed two research instruments, including the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21, the Marital Adjustment Questionnaire, and a sociodemographic data sheet.

Results:

It was found that 29.2% of childless men and women had moderate levels of depression, 13.9% had severe anxiety, and 43.1% had mild stress. Out of 72 childless men and women, 29.2% of respondents described good levels of marital adjustment. While 15.3% felt poor marital adjustment and 07.0% felt a very poor marital adjustment. Furthermore, it was observed that marital adjustment had a negative relationship with depression (r = −0.215, P < 0.05), anxiety (r = −0.105, P > 0.05), and stress (r = −0.020, P < 0.01).

Conclusion:

The findings highlight the importance of enhancing marital satisfaction to improve mental health among childless couples, suggesting a need for psychological support interventions.
Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing Therapy in Case of Anxiety in Teenager: A Case Report
Authors: Pandit Parimal , Mathivanan Vasuki , Mehrotra Sushma
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Anxiety and its related issues are among the most common mental health concerns affecting adolescents worldwide. Adolescence is a period marked by significant physical, emotional, and social changes, making individuals particularly vulnerable to the development of performance anxiety especially with academics. This case report aims to show the effectiveness of using Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR), a trauma focused model of psychotherapy in treating anxiety-related issues in a female child of 17 years old. The report presents a detailed review of EMDR intervention which includes the Three three-pronged Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model and the eight phases of EMDR therapy. The noticeable reduction in the client’s anxiety, fear, improved speed of writing and focus affirms the effectiveness of EMDR as an intervention in addressing the anxiety associated with past traumatic memory. The case study brought fourth how use of Assertiveness training and Cognitive Behaviour Techniques along with EMDR enhanced the overall wellbeing of the client.
Echoes of Transition: Youth Mental Health in Crossroads
Authors: Dar Danishwar Rasool , Sobhana H.
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

This poem explores the odyssey of individuals aged 15 to 29, particularly within the landscape of India, where a sizable section of this generation resides. Amidst the kaleidoscope of family relationships and conflicts that effect this age bracket, there looms a specter of mental health adversities, encompassing depression, anxiety, and symptoms of suicide. The poem underscores the significance of interpersonal relationships and social support for young individuals grappling with these hurdles, accentuating the intricate interplay between socio-economic circumstances and mental well-being in shaping their transitions. It emphasizes the pivotal role of familial support and societal embracement in helping young people to traverse life’s intricacies and emerge fortified against mental health challenges.
An unusual case of obstructive airway disease spectrum
Authors: Patel Dhwani J. , Tamakuwala Grinish , Vadgama Parul
Published: June 2024

Bronchial anthracofibrosis (BAF) is a rare clinical condition affecting the lungs. It was described back in 1998 in Korea, in association with tuberculosis. In the recent studies, it has been observed that BAF is strongly associated with long-standing exposure to biomass fuels and mostly affecting elderly females. Most of the reported cases till date are seen in patients belonging to the older age group. Hereby, we are reporting a case of a female patient who presented with BAF at a very young age. Due to the lack of awareness among treating physicians and even pulmonologists, BAF remains underdiagnosed and hence we can expect, whatever we are seeing is just the tip of an iceberg.
TOPD Phenotype versus COPD: Pulmonary Function Spectrum Beyond the Limits of Spirometry
Authors: Debbarma Bishal , Srivastava Anand , Dixit Sapna , Garg Rajiv , Verma S.K , Kushwaha RAS , Kumar Santosh , Verma Ajay Kumar , Bajaj Darshan Kumar , Kumar Ankit , Bajpai Jyoti , Kant Surya
Published: June 2024

Aims: To compare the lung functions of TOPD phenotype patients and COPD patients other than TOPD phenotype. Settings and design: Retro-prospective cohort study. Introduction: Globally, tuberculosis (TB) has emerged as a risk factor for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. This entity has been titled as TOPD phenotype (tuberculosis-associated obstructive pulmonary disease), and it has been mentioned in various literatures in the past by various authors. However, it is still a matter of debate whether pattern of chronic airflow obstruction in COPD and TOPD phenotype is different or same. Methodology: We enrolled a total of 100 patients, in that 50 of whom had obstructive airway symptoms with a history of (treated) pulmonary tuberculosis (with a microbiological or radiological evidence in the past) and 50 of whom were diagnosed with COPD without any history of tuberculosis. Both groups underwent spirometry and impulse oscillometry (IOS) tests. Results were recorded and compared. Results: The mean age of patients with TOPD was 49.51 ± 5.15, while COPD was 48.54 ± 5.94. The chance of exacerbation was higher in the TOPD group (94.0%) owing to poor lung function. The majority of TOPD patients were in GOLD II stage, while COPD patients were in GOLD I stage. Spirometry and IOS of TOPD patients revealed a significant difference as compared to COPD patients. Conclusion: We found that overall lung function was poorer in the TOPD group as compared to the COPD group.
Advancing allergy practice in India for respiratory physician
Authors: Samajdar Shambo S. , Moitra Saibal
Published: June 2024

The landscape of allergy practice in India is undergoing transformative changes, shifting from traditional symptom management to embracing advanced diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for disease modification. This evolution is propelled by the integration of subcutaneous immunotherapy, biologic treatments, and the exploration of probiotics, alongside advancements in diagnostic approaches such as component-resolved diagnostics (CRD) and basophil activation tests. Despite the promising potential of these innovations to enhance patient care, their implementation faces challenges, including limited awareness, safety concerns, accessibility, and affordability. Moreover, the development and standardization of allergy diagnostics, such as CRD, along with the establishment of regional pollen calendars, are crucial for improving the precision of allergy care. This abstract underscores the need for overcoming existing barriers and leveraging emerging technologies and treatments to significantly improve the management of allergic diseases in India, aiming for a future where allergies are not just managed but effectively controlled and prevented.
The Role of Inflammation in Atherosclerosis: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Elsaka Omar
Published: June 2024

In this review, we examine the evolving importance of inflammation in atherosclerosis, the root cause of heart attacks, and strokes. We analyze the complex processes by which inflammation drives all phases of atherosclerosis and closely assess possible targets for therapy within the inflammatory pathway. For researchers and health-care professionals seeking insight into the crucial role of inflammation in atherosclerosis and its potential for novel therapeutic approaches, this review offers a valuable resource.
Correlation of Circulating Dickkopf-1 Level with Sonographic Findings and Radiographic Grading in Primary Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Azzam Adel Ibrahim , Labib Abdelrahman Mohamed , Haseeb Abd-Elshafy Ahmed , Abd-Elaziz Ahmed Fathy
Published: June 2024

Background:

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a frequently complex joint disease that involves all joint components, including cartilage degeneration and new bone development. Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) regulates bone growth and repair in OA. The purpose of this study is to determine Dkk-1 blood levels in individuals with primary knee joint OA, as well as their associations with disease progression and severity.

Methods:

This study included 45 individuals with primary OA of the knee and 45 healthy participants. Demographic data, body mass index, Visual Analog Scale, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis questionnaire scores were gathered. On radiography, the Kellgren and Lawrence score was acquired. The knee joint ultrasonography results were documented. The blood level of Dkk-1 was determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.

Results:

Dkk-1 levels in the blood were substantially higher in patients with OA than in healthy persons. Serum Dkk-1 levels appeared to have a significantly inverted relationship with radiological OA grades in knee OA (P < 0.001). Dkk-1 serum levels were significantly lower in individuals with ultrasonographic knee effusion (median = 3.2, interquartile range [IQR] = 3.1–4.16) than in those without effusion (median = 4.79, IQR = 4.04–5.09). Furthermore, there was a strong correlation between Dkk-1 levels and ultrasonographically measured femoral cartilage thickness.

Conclusion:

Dkk-1 is an interesting radiological indicator associated with degenerative articular joint disease. It may have a crucial function in slowing the process of degeneration in knee OA and reflecting the disease’s radiographic and clinical severity.
Isolated Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis in a Child
Authors: Satapathy Amit Kumar , Padhi Somanath , Gulla Krishna Mohan , Mahapatro Samarendra , Das Rashmi Ranjan
Published: June 2024

A 4-year-old boy presented with a history of chronic cough for the past 1 year that was progressing for the last 2 weeks. History of intermittent fever with breathlessness was there. The child had received antibiotics, nebulization, and oral steroids, but was never prescribed inhaled steroids, as no wheeze was documented. As the X-ray chest was not showing any significant findings, a computerized tomography chest was done that showed septal thickening, and reticulonodular pattern bilaterally without bronchiectasis or mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Bronchoscopy was done and the lavage fluid found CD1a and S-100-positive cells suggestive of pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis. There was no other organ involvement.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Stunting Syndrome in Children in Developing Countries: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Sahoo Prasanna Kumar , Swain Arakhita , Mishra Bishwajit
Published: June 2024

Stunting in children is recognized as the best overall indicator of children’s well-being. It is also the most prevalent form of malnutrition in children and accurately reflects the inequalities prevalent in the society. According to the 2019 World Bank report, the prevalence of stunted children in India is 38%, the second highest in Southeast Asia. On a priority basis, a target has been fixed to reduce the burden of stunting by 40% by 2025. Stunting may be viewed as “stunting syndrome” in view of its multifactorial nature and several pathological changes demonstrating linear growth retardation in early childhood. Linear growth failure serves as an indicator of many associated pathological disorders such as enhanced morbidity and mortality, reduced cognitive and neurodevelopmental potential, reduced physical growth potential, and an increased risk of chronic and metabolic diseases in childhood. Practically, stunting is a cyclical process where women who were stunted in childhood tend to give birth to low birth weight babies who later become stunted creating an intergenerational cycle of difficult-to-interrupt poverty and reduced human capital. These severe irreversible physical and neurocognitive impairments associated with stunting are accepted as a major global health priority. Hence, the mechanism of linear growth faltering needs to be understood, and short-, medium-, and long-term consequences are to be identified and addressed early.
Nurick Grades and Quality of Life Outcome in Cervical and Lumbar Spine Pathologies: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors:   Department of Radiography, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, Ugwu Anthony Chukwuka , Akosile Christopher O , Chiegwu Hyacienth Uche , Nathaniel Awajimijan Mbaba , Eze Joseph C , Ugwuanyi Daniel C , Akhigbe Robert O , Egbeyem Oluwafemi Olumide
Published: June 2024

Background: It is not known to what extent differences in radiological findings of individuals with spinal pathologies may be associated with their quality of life (QOL) and the degree of disabilities. Objective: This study aimed at determining if QoL and degree of disabilities differs in individuals with cervical and lumbar spine pathology with different magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. Methods: This cross-sectional study of 185 purposively sampled patients was carried out at Radiological facilities in Rivers State, Nigeria. Magnetic resonance images were assessed for pathological findings, Nurick grade scales and Short Form Health survey (SF-36) QoL questionnaire were used to assess participant’s disability grade and QoL respectively. Results: Majority of the participants with cervical (n=49, 64%) and lumbar (n=86, 79.8%) spine pathologies were males. Degenerative spine pathology was the most common in both the cervical (75%) and lumbar (80.7%) spine regions. The patients with cervical (n=30, 39.5%) and lumbar (n=56, 50.5%) spine pathologies had Nurick grade I and Nurick grade II respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the physical functioning domain (k=12.27, p = 0.03) and role limitations due to emotional problem domain (k= 13.03, p = 0.02) among individuals with different Nurick grades. Conclusion: Males were commonly affected by the spinal pathologies. Degenerative spinal pathology was the most common in both the cervical and lumbar spine regions. The most prevalent degree of disabilities associated with cervical and/or lumbar spine pathologies was Nurick grade I and II respectively. Keywords: Disabilities, Pathology, Quality of life
Nasogastric Tube Insertion in Anaesthetised and Intubated Adult Patients: A Comparison Between the Digital Assistance Technique and Conventional Blind Technique
Authors:   Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, N.R.S. Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, Banerjee Sudipta , Mitra Tapobrata , Maitra Sanjay , Sengupta Swapnadeep
Published: June 2024

Background and Aims: Nasogastric tube (NGT) insertion can be challenging in an anaesthetised patient, with the conventional method bearing a failure rate of about 50%; hence, several different techniques including a novel digital assistance technique has been tried over years. Objectives: To compare the success rates, procedure time and incidence of adverse events for NGT insertion, among the conventional and digital assistance technique in anaesthetised, intubated adult patients. Materials and methods: 80 patients, aged 18 years and above, of either sex, posted for elective surgeries, requiring nasogastric tube intraoperatively, were randomly, divided into two equal groups. After doing endotracheal intubation, NGT were inserted in patients of Group A by conventional method, and that of Group B by digital assistance technique. The procedure time was calculated from insertion of the tip of the NGT into nostril till the confirmation of its position. Number of attempts and total procedure time were recorded upto 5 times, in both the groups. Results: In the first attempt, successful NGT placement and procedure times in Group A was in 19 patients (47.5%) and 68 ± 16.4 seconds respectively while that in Group B was in 32 patients (80%) and 69 ± 13.7 seconds respectively (p value 0.026). Adverse events occurred in 35% in Group A and 15% in Group B (p value 0.069). Conclusion: The digital assistance technique appears to be a better alternative to the conventional blind technique in adult patients with better success rate, less procedure time and lesser adverse events. Keywords: Nasogastric Tube, Conventional Method, Digital Assistance Technique, General Anaesthesia
A Prospective, Multicentric, Open label and Post Marketing Clinical Follow up Study to Monitor the Safety and Performance of Light Cured Limb Orthosis - FlexiOH® (Short Arm Immobilizer) in Fractures Distal Radius
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, East Point College of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, India,, Bali Tarun , Garg Bhavuk , Raghavendran R
Published: June 2024

Background: Distal forearm fracture is the most common fracture encountered in daily life. Patients with this type of injury suffer from meaningful pain after Emergency Department discharge. Various studies reported that short-arm, below-the-elbow casts perform as well as long-arm, above-the-elbow casts for maintaining a reduction of distal forearm fractures demonstrated with a comparable risk of complication. Consequently, short casts are the commonly used method of immobilization however, short casts carry a potential disadvantage. Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the next-generation FlexiOH® (Short Arm Immobilizer). Settings and Design: This is a prospective, multicentre, and open-label clinical trial conducted in 5 different sites in India by recruiting a total of 137 subjects who were presented with distal forearm fractures. Materials and M ethods: Vital signs, concomitant medication taken by subjects during the study, X-ray results, and adverse events caused during all three visits were evaluated. Results: Overall patients showed normal vital signs, minimal adverse events, and relatively less concomitant medication consumption during the study period and at the end of the study, 100% healing was noted among all the study participants in the X-ray investigation. This clearly demonstrates the benefits over the conventional methods. Conclusion: For uncomplicated care of fractures and sports injuries of the limbs, FlexiOH® (Short Arm Immobilizer) technology offers more than just reliable immobilization and has advantages over contemporary plaster and cast bandages. This product is the most advanced orthopaedic immobilization technology and has the potential to be used and adopted worldwide. Keywords: FlexiOH®, Distal radius fractures, Short arm immobilizer, Adverse events
Cervical Exfoliative Cytology by Papainicoula Stain and Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid in Screening of Cervical Cancer: A Cross Sectional Observational Study
Authors: Mitra Partha Sarathi , Nag Abhoy Chand , Roy Debobroto , Modak Banhisikha , Bag Tara Shankar , Naskar Tapan Kumar
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Invasive cervical cancer, the second most common cancer among women globally is preceded by a long precancerous phase that can be detected by screening and treated effectively. Early detection by exfoliative cervical cell cytology by PAP smear and VIA to detect Ca Cx in precancerous CIN stage needs to be incorporated in preventive public health strategy. Methods: A cross-sectional observational comparative study, conducted over 1 year on 300 symptomatic women undergoing PAP smear and then subjected to VIA for screening of cervical carcinoma. Result: Although VIA is 100% sensitive its diagnostic accuracy was much less than PAP smear cytology. Discussion: PAP testing is one of the most important preventive screening interventions which reduce mortality from cervical cancer that has received recommendations. VIA is an alternative with sensitivity of 100% and lots of false positive results. Conclusion: VIA could be an effective and diagnostically suitable alternative to PAP in resource poor setting. Keywords: Papanicoula (PAP), Cervical Cancer, Visual inspection with Acetic acid (VIA)
A Comparative Study of Endoscopic Biopsy and Endoscopic FNAC in Gastrointestinal Malignancies
Authors:   Dept. of Pathology, Chirayu Medical College & Hospital, Bhopal, Madya Pradesh, India, Fatima Aizaz , Jalaly Farah , Khan Mohammed Imran , Singh Priyamvada
Published: June 2024

Objectives: Gross description of gastro-intestinal malignancy is facilitated by endoscopy of the upper and lower gastro-intestinal tract and also provides tissue for definitive diagnosis. Currently, direct vision endoscopic forceps biopsy & FNAC are two standard techniques used to establish a preoperative diagnosis in gastro-intestinal malignancies. The objective of our study is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic findings when combined with fine needle aspiration and endoscopic biopsy in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal malignancies. So, we compare both techniques (endoscopic forceps biopsy & endoscopic FNAC) to each other and how accurately both techniques are diagnosing the lesion in combination with each other. Material and Method: In our study, 40 cases of suspected gastro-intestinal malignancies underwent endoscopic biopsy & FNAC in a period of one and half years. Result: Out of 40 cases, total malignant lesions were accounting for 32 cases. 27 cases were diagnosed as malignant by biopsy. FNAC showed positive results in 28 cases. The FNAC was found to be 81.82% Sensitive and 85.71% Specific & an accuracy of 82.5%. Biopsy had Sensitivity 81.82% Specificity 100% & Accuracy 85%. The Combined accuracy of both endoscopic FNAC and biopsy was 93.93%. Conclusion: The advent of endoscopic biopsy & FNAC have facilitated the detection & diagnosis of gastrointestinal malignancies. Biopsy though is considered to be diagnostic, Fine Needle Aspiration along with Biopsy can help in the detection of additional cases of malignancy. Thus, both procedures applied together can detect more malignant cases & can establish a more definitive diagnosis. Keywords: Endoscopy, FNAC, Biopsy, Gastrointestinal Malignancies
Comparative Study on the Efficacy of Lignocaine Nebulisation Vs Topical Lignocaine Spray in Attenuation of Haemodynamic Surge in Patients Undergoing Surgery Under General Anaesthesia - A Single Blinded Randomized Controlled Study
Authors:   Department of Anaesthesiology, Murshidabad Medical College, Berhampore, West Bengal, Roy Amrita , Sofiullah Md , Bandyopadhyay Debasis , Manuar Md Babrak , Ray Utpal Kumar , Hajra Bimal Kumar
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation are powerful noxious stimuli that should be attenuated. The present study is to compare the efficacy of lignocaine nebulisation vs topical lignocaine spray in attenuation of haemodynamic surge in patients undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia. Methodology: After ethical committee clearance, a single blind randomized control study was done on sixty patients of either sex aged between 18-55 years of ASA status I undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation. Patients were randomly allocated into 2 groups: GROUP A:received nebulised Lignocaine Hydrochloride 4% at 2 mg/kg. GROUP B: received Topical Lignocaine spray 10% at 2mg/kg. Heart rate, Systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure was documented before administering premedication (T0), at the time of intubation (TI) and at 1min (T-1), 2min (T-2) & 5min (T-5) after intubation. Attenuation in HR, SBP, DBP and MBP were found statistically significant (p<0.05) in group A in comparison to group B. Thus in conclusion Lignocaine nebulisation is far more effective in comparison to topical lignocaine spray in attenuation of the laryngoscopic surge. Results: After conducting the study on a total of sixty patients it was found that there was statistically significant reduction in SBP, DBP, MBP and HR in GROUP A receiving lignocaine nebulisation compared to GROUP B receiving topical lignocaine spray. Conclusion: Lignocaine nebulisation is more effective than topical lignocaine spray in attenuation of haemodynamic surge following laryngoscopy and intubation in patients undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia. Keywords: Laryngoscopy, Tracheal Intubation, Lignocaine Nebulisation, Lignocaine Spray, Heamodynamic Surge
Paediatric Facial Cleft Treatment - Lessons Learned
Authors: Zwahlen Roger A
Published: June 2024

The title of this publication includes the words “Lessons Learned” in order to emphasise the knowledge and experience gained in more than 4 decades in treating 5000+ patients with facial-oral cleft anomalies. The choice, timing and optimization of the most appropriate paediatric surgical and paediatric orthodontic treatments are reflected in the extremely satisfactory treatment outcomes. This paper delineates hierarchically the conceptual framework of treatment for the most profound to the least severe cleft anomaly. Over the years multiple treatment techniques, options and protocols have been published internationally and yet the young professionals often use the procedures and timing of interventions they have learned from their ‘masters’ or seniors, irrespective of whether these have been chosen based on the best long-term treatment outcomes. This paper advocates specific treatment protocols and techniques, based on the results of research, on observation, clinical evaluation, judgement of outcome and the ideal treatment of a specific type of cleft anomaly, in order to optimize long-term outcomes. The initial short-term result, as well as the long-term facial growth, functional and aesthetic influence or their combined influence, have been recorded until the onset of the adolescence age. The application of technique(s) appropriate for treatment of a particular type of cleft anomaly are described and motivated for use, without mention the so-called original or first person who applied or described or used a particular technique or procedure for the first time. Conversely, those treatment technique(s) utilized during the very important developmental phases of the neonate, the infant and the child and which have had a profoundly negative effect on function and/or facial growth and/or facial aesthetic in the long-term, are also described, without mention the name of the person(s) who advocated their use. Paediatric patients who have been treated by means of these latter surgical techniques or interventions which may lead to undesirable or insufficiently positive outcomes, may require extensive drawn-out surgical restructuring and orthodontic treatment during their adolescent’s years.
Eating Disorders in Children: A Narrative Review
Authors: Field Tiffany
Published: June 2024

This narrative review covers research from the years 2019-2024 on eating disorders in children. This research suggests that global prevalence rates have been highly variable, ranging from a low of .95% to 22% and the rates are increasing. The variability of rates may relate to different types of eating disorders or to age range differences of the samples, as the rates are higher for older children and those with less severe problems. Several different types are represented here including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder. Other feeding problems reviewed here are neophobia, picky eating, failure to thrive and obesity. A few comorbidities exacerbate feeding disorders including anxiety, depression, conduct disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Predictors/risk factors have been the primary focus in this literature and have included perfectionism, appearance comparison and body image dissatisfaction. Both psychological and physical interventions have included family-based treatment and unguided internet cognitive behavioral therapy as well as manual therapies and herbal medicine. Surprisingly, only a couple papers were found on potential underlying mechanisms including a review of studies showing EEG waves suggestive of attention to visual food stimuli. Similarly, another group reported altered reward responses to food related stimuli on fMRIs as well as decreased gray matter volume and cortical thickness in areas of the brain associated with reward. The studies in this review highlight the prevalence and severity of eating disorders in children. However, they have been primarily based on parent-report surveys that have yielded mixed results across different types of eating disorders.
Automated Transcription of nterviews in Qualitative Research Using Artificial Intelligence A Simple Guide
Authors: Larson, BS Lauren M
Published: June 2024

Objective: The histologic diagnosis of cutaneous metastatic breast cancer can be challenging as the differentials can include primary cutaneous glandular neoplasms and metastases from other glandular neoplasms which present very similar on H&E. Many immunohistological markers including GATA3 and CK7 have been employed to screen for primary or metastatic breast cancer cells and because of this, we wanted to develop a stain capable of differentiating these diagnoses quickly and accurately.

Methods: We utilized 61 archived dermatopathology laboratory specimens of various benign and malignant cutaneous adnexal and breast tissues for analysis with a polyclonal Wnt9b antibody stain.

Results: The average staining in benign categories (cutaneous adnexal and benign breast tissue) as well as metastases from non-breast carcinomas was negative. Among the malignant cutaneous adnexal and metastatic breast tissues, a significant difference was observed in staining as adnexal carcinomas were weakly positive (0.53+) and primarily seen in the outer layer of glandular structures, while metastatic breast tissues were strongly positive (3.63+) (P<0.01). The specificity in both adnexal and metastatic breast tissues was 100% while the sensitivity for adnexal carcinomas was 37% and metastatic breast was 94%. A larger sample size could greatly improve these values.

Conclusion: These results demonstrate that Wnt9b has specific staining for cutaneous metastatic breast cell nuclei and could be utilized as a diagnostic to differentiate from cutaneous adnexal tumors in routine dermatopathological applications.
Automated Transcription of Interviews in Qualitative Research Using Artificial Intelligence A Simple Guide
Authors: Rosenberg Jacob
Published: June 2024

Qualitative research often involves the transcription of interviews, a traditionally manual and time-consuming task. Recent advancements have introduced AI-driven transcription technologies, aiming to streamline this process. One such technology is OpenAI’s Whisper, an automated speech recognition system capable of transcribing audio in multiple languages. This paper introduces Whisper and provides a guide on its utilization for research transcription. In conclusion, automated transcription of interviews in qualitative research using artificial intelligence is now possible with excellent accuracy and user-friendliness. While Whisper presents a promising solution to the transcription challenges in qualitative research, careful usage and data review are essential.
Indonesian Diplomatic Strategy Management in Addressing the South China Sea Issues
Authors:   UIN Raden Intan Lampung, Saputra Devid , Mubasit Mubasit ,   UIN Raden Intan Lampung
Published: June 2024

This research evaluates the geopolitical and environmental conditions of the South China Sea and proposes strategies for Indonesia in managing potential conflicts and resources in the region. Using qualitative methods that include literature reviews from official sources and academic studies, this research highlights the importance of active diplomacy, modernization of maritime defence, and sustainable management of natural resources. The results show that Indonesia must strengthen multilateral cooperation through ASEAN, increase naval capacity, and implement the blue economy. Recommendations also include developing maritime surveillance technology, improving infrastructure, and active participation in international forums such as the UN and implementing UNCLOS. Domestic efforts to increase public awareness and research collaboration are also considered essential for maintaining regional sovereignty and security.
Politics of International Labor Migration and the Survival of (Illegal) Brokers in Indonesia
Authors:   Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences University of Indonesia, Indonesia, Aryani Sri , Achwan Rochman ,   Department of Criminology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences University of Indonesia, Indonesia
Published: June 2024

Indonesian labor migration is a multifaceted process heavily influenced by private actors, particularly brokers who operate both within the bounds of legality as recruitment agencies and outside it as illicit recruiters. These brokers are frequently accused of exploiting Indonesian migrant workers, leading to government efforts to limit their roles. However, despite legislative efforts, such as the 2017 law aimed at restricting the roles of labor-recruiting companies and illegal brokers, these intermediaries persist. Drawing on the concept of brokerage and the Theory of Strategic Action Field, this article explains why brokers remain despite legislative challenges. This study also argues that state regulations inadvertently create structural holes, thereby providing brokers with opportunities to maintain their involvement in labor migration. Through 56 in-depth interviews with various actors—including current and former migrant workers, recruiters, recruitment agencies, civil society organizations (CSOs), and government officials—the study illuminates how the Indonesian government’s framing of "procedural migration” contains inherent loopholes. Brokers then exploited these gaps to legitimize their presence and assert control over workers’ destinies. These brokers adeptly adapt to regulatory changes and influence migration.
Development of a Google Maps-Based Website for Information on Football Goalkeeper Coach Services in the Province of the Special Region of Yogyakarta
Authors:   Departement of Sport and Helath Sciences, Yogyakarta State University, INDONESIA., Irsyad Naufallathuf Yaquttul , Sumaryanti, Sumaryanti ,   Departement of Sport and Helath Sciences, Yogyakarta State University, INDONESIA., Sukarmin Yustinus ,   Departement of Sport and Helath Sciences, Yogyakarta State University, INDONESIA., Santoso Agung ,   Departement of Sports Coaching Education, Yogyakarta State University, INDONESIA
Published: June 2024

Football is one of the sports that is most in demand by the Indonesian people, especially teenagers. Where there are many football championships both in regional and national matches. So that well-known clubs that are having difficulty finding a superior team are competing and trying to find a good team to get optimal results. This research aims to develop a website media as a tool to find information on the location of goalkeeper coach services in the Special Region of Yogyakarta based on a website to provide convenience in obtaining information on goalkeeper coaches, because there is no tool for the community to find goalkeeper coaches, especially in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The research method used is research and development by referring to the borg and gall research steps which are adapted into 7 steps. The small-scale trial subjects were carried out on 10 goalkeeper coaches who already have a license in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. And large-scale trials were carried out on 10 parents and 10 players in two places, namely Ony Goal kepper Privat and 22 Goal kepper Academy. The instrument used in collecting development data is in the form of a questionnaire (Google Form). The data analysis technique used is a descriptive statistical analysis technique. The results of the study show that the website-based media for the development of information on goalkeeper coach services in the Special Region of Yogyakarta is suitable to be used as a reference for the general public to find information on goalkeeper coach services. This is shown from the results of assessments that have been carried out by material experts, media experts and field trials. The final results obtained from the study showed that the website based on gmaps information on goalkeeper coach services in the Special Region of Yogyakarta was declared "Feasible" based on the percentage obtained, namely from material experts 89%, media experts 75%, small group trial results 87.5% and large group trial results 92%.
Upper Eyelid Blepharoplasty: An Aesthetic and Functional Repair
Authors:   Médico especialista en Oftalmología, Alta especialidad en Órbita, párpados y vías lagrimales. Alumna del curso de Adiestramiento en “Trauma Ocular” en el Hospital de Traumatología ", Gazcón Dra. Noemí Porras ,   Dr. Victorio de la Fuente Narváez”, UMAE, IMSS, México. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México., Paccha Joselyn Diamar Valarezo ,   Universidad Técnica de Machala | 0009-0004-6289-2048, Bravo Víctor Mario Martínez ,   Hospital Regional Issste Veracruz, Corte Erika Rodríguez ,   Universidad Autónoma de Puebla | 0009-0000-9161-7425, Aceves Karina Estefani Flores ,   Universidad de Guadalajara | 0009-0002-5934-5444, Ocampo Erin Fernanda Ramirez ,   Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco | 0009-0001-4748-3324, Suárez Tania Rosalía González ,   Universidad de Guanajuato, Domínguez Nadia Sarahí Hernández ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México | 0009-0009-1027-720X, Ramírez Rocío Janeth Ramírez ,   Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa | 0009-0005-7758-2541, Bosque Claudia Gutiérrez Del ,   Universidad de Monterrey | 0009-0007-8818-0438, Coronado Roberto Millán ,   Universidad Autónoma de Baja California | 0009-0009-8662-6736, Zaragoza Juan Martín Escobedo ,   Hospital General de Querertaro SSA, Contreras Iliana Carrillo ,   Universidad de Guadalajara Lamar
Published: June 2024

Upper blepharoplasty is a popular cosmetic surgery technique, with a yearly demand growth of 6%. It is primarily performed on women, aged between 50 and 70, to rejuvenate the look, enhance the supratarsal crease, and rectify contour abnormalities. The procedure also has functional advantages, such as enhancing the upper field of vision and reducing ptosis. In a clinical scenario, patients with eyelid scars experienced eyelid retraction, lagophthalmos, and ulcerative keratitis. Initially, supportive care was performed, followed by surgical treatment, including scar band release, full-thickness skin graft, eyelid closure, and tarsorrhaphy. Positive results included an expanded visual field, improved quality of life, reduced headaches, and enhanced eyesight. However, further investigation is needed due to contradictory findings and lack of scientific data. We present an interesting case of a patient in whom reconstruction was performed for aesthetic-functional purposes.