bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Altered expression of cell adhesion genes and hybrid male sterility between subspecies ofDrosophila pseudoobscura
Authors: Go Alwyn , Alhazmi Doaa , Civetta Alberto
Published: July 2019

Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura and Drosophila pseudoobscura bogotana are two closely related subspecies with incomplete reproductive isolation. A genome-wide comparison of expression in hybrids relative to parental subspecies has been previously used to identify genes with significant changes in expression uniquely associated with the sterile condition. The misexpression (i.e., gene expression beyond levels found in parentals) of such genes could be directly linked to the onset of sterility or could alternatively be caused by incompatibilities in a hybrid genome without a direct link to sterility. Cell adhesion was previously found to be one of the largest gene ontologies with changes in expression linked to sterility. Here we used gene expression assays in fertile backcross male progeny, along with introgression progeny in which we swap a major hybrid male sterility (HMS) allele, to generate fertile and sterile males genotypically similar to F1sterile hybrids. We identify a cell adhesion gene (GA10921) whose change in expression is directly linked to sterility and modulated by a previously characterized HMS protein. GA10921 adds to our rather limited knowledge of changes in gene expression associated with HMS, and to the identification of gene interacting partners linked to HMS.
Origin and future of medicine
Authors: Liu Wenxian , Gao Zhen , Lu Linwei , Zhang Hu , Jiang Shan , Ma Cheng , Tang Zhao , Li Qiuping , Mohammadtursun Nabijan , Hu Lingli , Tulake Wuniqiemu , Lv Zexi , Dong Jingcheng
Published: July 2019

Based on the comprehensive observation of medicine, we made a diachronic summarization and synchronic comparison on medicine, including traditional medicine and modern medicine as well as Chinese traditional medicine (CTM) and Western traditional medicine. We focused on the connotation of several predominant medicines, the evolution of medical civilization, the problems and challenges of medicine at present, the prospect and framework of medicine in the future, and finally put forward the new system of CTM together with the integration of traditional medicine and modern medicine so as to contribute to the thinking, research and construction of medicine for mankind, which will add to its positive development and scientific practice.
Accuracy and Precision of Industrial Stellar Abundances
Authors: Jofré Paula , Heiter Ulrike , Soubiran Caroline
Published: July 2019

There has been an incredibly large investment in obtaining high-resolution stellar spectra for determining chemical abundances of stars. This information is crucial to answer fundamental questions in astronomy by constraining the formation and evolution scenarios of the Milky Way as well as the stars and planets residing in it.

We have just entered a new era, in which chemical abundances of FGK-type stars are being produced at industrial scales, and in which the observations, reduction, and analysis of the data are automatically performed by machines. Here, we review the latest human efforts to assess the accuracy and precision of such industrial abundances by providing insights into the steps and uncertainties associated with the process of determining stellar abundances.

We also provide a description of current and forthcoming spectroscopic surveys, focusing on their reported abundances and uncertainties. This allows us to identify which elements and spectral lines are best and why. Finally, we make a brief selection of main scientific questions the community is aiming to answer with abundances. ▪ Uncertainties in abundances need to be disentangled into random and systematic components. ▪ Precision can be increased by applying differential or data-driven methods based on accurate data. ▪ High-resolution and signal-to-noise spectra provide fundamental data that can be used to calibrate lower-resolution and signal-to-noise spectra of millions of stars. ▪ Different survey calibration strategies must agree on a common set of reference stars to create data products that are consistent. ▪ Data products provided by individual groups must be published using standard formats to ensure straightforward applicability.
The Fly Brain Atlas
Authors: Scheffer Louis K. , Meinertzhagen Ian A.
Published: July 2019

The brain's synaptic networks endow an animal with powerfully adaptive biological behavior. Maps of such synaptic circuits densely reconstructed in those model brains that can be examined and manipulated by genetic means offer the best prospect for understanding the underlying biological bases of behavior. That prospect is now technologically feasible and a scientifically enabling possibility in neurobiology, much as genomics has been in molecular biology and genetics. In Drosophila, two major advances are in electron microscopic technology, using focused ion beam–scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) milling to capture and align digital images, and in computer-aided reconstruction of neuron morphologies. The last decade has witnessed enormous progress in detailed knowledge of the actual synaptic circuits formed by real neurons. Advances in various brain regions that heralded identification of the motion-sensing circuits in the optic lobe are now extending to other brain regions, with the prospect of encompassing the fly's entire nervous system, both brain and ventral nerve cord.
Sustainable Living: Bridging the North-South Divide in Lifestyles and Consumption Debates
Authors: Hayward Bronwyn , Roy Joyashree
Published: July 2019

This article presents a critical assessment of the literature on sustainable consumption in the global North and South, in the context of accelerated and megascale transitions that are needed across all human activities, in ways that “leave no one behind,” as envisaged in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It challenges two dominant, related research foci: an emphasis on the individual and individual aspirations of the good life, and the policy incrementalism of rational, ecological modernization. Although conceding individuals must act consciously to advance sustainability, nuanced interpretations of collective sustainable living rarely feature in mainstream research. Discussion highlights values of extended family, tribe and community solidarity, and human and nonhuman interrelationships for harmonious, peaceful, spiritual, and material coexistence. Concepts such as Ahimsa (India), Buen Vivir (South America), Ubuntu (Africa), Hauora (New Zealand), or Shiawase and Ikigai (Japan), for example, can enrich understandings of sustainable living as long-term collective action for sustainable development and reducing climate change.
Neuron-Glia Signaling in Synapse Elimination
Authors: Wilton Daniel K. , Dissing-Olesen Lasse , Stevens Beth
Published: July 2019

Maturation of neuronal circuits requires selective elimination of synaptic connections. Although neuron-intrinsic mechanisms are important in this process, it is increasingly recognized that glial cells also play a critical role. Without proper functioning of these cells, the number, morphology, and function of synaptic contacts are profoundly altered, resulting in abnormal connectivity and behavioral abnormalities. In addition to their role in synaptic refinement, glial cells have also been implicated in pathological synapse loss and dysfunction following injury or nervous system degeneration in adults. Although mechanisms regulating glia-mediated synaptic elimination are still being uncovered, it is clear this complex process involves many cues that promote and inhibit the removal of specific synaptic connections. Gaining a greater understanding of these signals and the contribution of different cell types will not only provide insight into this critical biological event but also be instrumental in advancing knowledge of brain development and neural disease.
Gene-Based Dose Optimization in Children
Authors: Ramsey Laura B. , Brown Jacob T. , Vear Susan I. , Bishop Jeffrey R. , Van Driest Sara L.
Published: July 2019

Pharmacogenetics is a key component of precision medicine. Genetic variation in drug metabolism enzymes can lead to variable exposure to drugs and metabolites, potentially leading to inefficacy and drug toxicity. Although the evidence for pharmacogenetic associations in children is not as extensive as for adults, there are several drugs across diverse therapeutic areas with robust pediatric data indicating important, and relatively common, drug–gene interactions. Guidelines to assist gene-based dose optimization are available for codeine, thiopurine drugs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, atomoxetine, tacrolimus, and voriconazole. For each of these drugs, there is an opportunity to clinically implement precision medicine approaches with children for whom genetic test results are known or are obtained at the time of prescribing. For many more drugs that are commonly used in pediatric patients, additional investigation is needed to determine the genetic factors influencing appropriate dose.
Global Dimensions of Plant Virus Diseases: Current Status and Future Perspectives
Authors: Jones Roger A.C. , Naidu Rayapati A.
Published: July 2019

Viral diseases provide a major challenge to twenty-first century agriculture worldwide. Climate change and human population pressures are driving rapid alterations in agricultural practices and cropping systems that favor destructive viral disease outbreaks. Such outbreaks are strikingly apparent in subsistence agriculture in food-insecure regions. Agricultural globalization and international trade are spreading viruses and their vectors to new geographical regions with unexpected consequences for food production and natural ecosystems. Due to the varying epidemiological characteristics of diverent viral pathosystems, there is no one-size-fits-all approach toward mitigating negative viral disease impacts on diverse agroecological production systems. Advances in scientific understanding of virus pathosystems, rapid technological innovation, innovative communication strategies, and global scientific networks provide opportunities to build epidemiologic intelligence of virus threats to crop production and global food security. A paradigm shift toward deploying integrated, smart, and eco-friendly strategies is required to advance virus disease management in diverse agricultural cropping systems.
A Random Parameter Logit Model of Immediate Red-Light Running Behavior of Pedestrians and Cyclists at Major-Major Intersections
Authors: Wang Wencheng , Yuan Zhenzhou , Liu Yanting , Yang Xiaobao , Yang Yang
Published: July 2019

It is a dangerous behaviour for pedestrians and nonmotorized vehicles to cross intersections without waiting when they arrive at intersections during the red-light period. This paper investigates three typical signalized major-major intersections in the center of Beijing, by collecting and analyzing 1368 samples of pedestrians and nonmotorized vehicles. A random parameter logit model (RPLM) is established, with immediate red-light running (IRLR) behaviour as the dependent variable. The results show that the number of people waiting upon arrival, number of people crossing upon arrival, traffic mode, motor vehicle phase upon arrival, and speed change upon arrival have significant effects on IRLR behaviour. Accordingly, we suggest enforcing education administration on cyclists to reduce cyclists’ IRLR behaviour. Thus, people’s red-light running (RLR) behaviour will further decrease with fewer cyclists’ IRLR behaviour.
Behavior Modification Maintenance with Long-Term Blood Glucose and Weight Management in Prader–Willi Syndrome Complicated with Diabetes: Team Management Approach Combined with Pharmacological Treatment
Authors: Kato Eri , Kimura Moritsugu , Okuda Tomoyuki , Toyoda Masao , Fukagawa Masafumi
Published: July 2019

The patient was a 40-year-old woman, who had been diagnosed with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) at 1 year of age and type 2 diabetes at 27 years of age. At 34 years of age, she was hospitalized to start insulin therapy and receive guidance on treatment. During the next 6 months and through regular once-monthly outpatient clinic visits, the blood glucose level was relatively stabilized although body weight gradually increased. Two years following discharge, the blood glucose level became unstable, and she was hospitalized again to receive guidance on treatment. A team medicine-based approach was established upon hospitalization. The basic treatment was unchanged (insulin, diet, and exercise). The approach taken by the team included understanding the characteristics of PWS by all team members, clear definition of treatment goals, positive evaluation of the patient, and maintenance of the patient’s motivation for treatment. Anxiety and stress related to mother’s illness dampened motivation and adherence to treatment, but the addition of appropriate pharmacological treatment helped in rapid recovery of motivation to adhere to the treatment protocol. At 3 years after discharge, HbA1c is maintained at around 6%, and body weight continues to fall. Our protocol of the combination of a team medicine approach with appropriately timed pharmacological intervention could probably be applied to not only type 2 diabetes in PWS but also the management of patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes.
A Component‐Based Parametric Reduced‐Order Modeling Method Combined with Substructural Matrix Interpolation and Automatic Sampling
Authors: Liu Ying , Li Hongguang , Li Yun , Du Huanyu
Published: July 2019

An efficient parametric reduced‐order modeling method combined with substructural matrix interpolation and automatic sampling procedure is proposed. This approach is based on the fixed‐interface Craig‐Bampton component mode synthesis method (CMS). The novel parametric reduced‐order models (PROMs) are developed by interpolating substructural reduced‐order matrices. To guarantee the compatibility of the coordinates, we develop a three‐step adjustment procedure by reducing the local interface degrees of freedom (DOFs) and performing congruence transformation for the normal modes and interface reduced basis, respectively. In addition, an automatic sampling process is also introduced to dynamically fulfill the predefined error limits. It proceeds by first exploring the parameter space and identifying the sampling points with maximum error indicators for all the parameter‐dependent substructures. The exact error of the assembled model at the optimal parameter point is subsequently calculated to determine whether the automatic sampling procedure reaches a desired error tolerance. The proposed framework is then applied to the moving coil of electrical‐dynamic shaker to illustrate the advantage and validity. The results indicate that this new approach can significantly reduce both the offline database construction time and online calculation time. Besides, the automatic procedure can sample the parameter space efficiently and fulfill the stopping criterion dynamically with assurance of the resulting PROM accuracy.
BAP1 Loss Is Associated with DNA Methylomic Repatterning in Highly Aggressive Class 2 Uveal Melanomas
Authors: Field Matthew G. , Kuznetsov Jeffim N. , Bussies Parker L. , Cai Louie Z. , Alawa Karam A. , Decatur Christina L. , Kurtenbach Stefan , Harbour J. William
Published: July 2019

Purpose:

The strong association between BAP1 mutations and metastasizing Class 2 uveal melanoma (UM) suggests that epigenetic alterations may play a significant role in tumor progression. Thus, we characterized the impact of BAP1 loss on the DNA methylome in UM.

Experimental Design: Global DNA methylation was analyzed in 47 Class 1 and 45 Class 2 primary UMs and in UM cells engineered to inducibly deplete BAP1. RNA-Seq was analyzed in 80 UM samples and engineered UM cells.

Results:

Hypermethylation on chromosome 3 correlated with downregulated gene expression at several loci, including 3p21, where BAP1 is located. Gene set analysis of hypermethylated and downregulated genes identified axon guidance and melanogenesis as deregulated pathways, with several of these genes located on chromosome 3. A novel hypermethylated site within the BAP1 locus was found in all Class 2 tumors, suggesting that BAP1 itself is epigenetically regulated. Highly differentially methylated probes were orthogonally validated using bisulfite sequencing, and they successfully distinguished Class 1 and Class 2 tumors in 100% of cases. In functional validation experiments, BAP1 knockdown in UM cells induced methylomic repatterning similar to UM tumors, enriched for genes involved in axon guidance, melanogenesis, and development.

Conclusions:

This study, coupled with previous work, suggests that the initial event in the divergence of Class 2 UM from Class 1 UM is loss of one copy of chromosome 3, followed by mutation of BAP1 on the remaining copy of chromosome 3, leading to the methylomic repatterning profile characteristic of Class 2 UMs.
Cell Death Induced by Cationic Amphiphilic Drugs Depends on Lysosomal Ca2+ Release and Cyclic AMP
Authors: Anand Atul , Liu Bin , Dicroce Giacobini Jano , Maeda Kenji , Rohde Mikkel , Jäättelä Marja
Published: July 2019

Repurposing cationic amphiphilic drugs (CAD) for cancer treatment is emerging as an attractive means to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy. Many commonly used CADs, including several cation amphiphilic antihistamines and antidepressants, induce cancer-specific, lysosome-dependent cell death and sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapy. CAD-induced inhibition of lysosomal acid sphingomyelinase is necessary, but not sufficient, for the subsequent lysosomal membrane permeabilization and cell death, while other pathways regulating this cell death pathway are largely unknown. Prompted by significant changes in the expression of genes involved in Ca2+ and cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling pathways in CAD-resistant MCF7 breast cancer cells, we identified here an early lysosomal Ca2+ release through P2X purinergic receptor 4 (P2RX4) and subsequent Ca2+- and adenylyl cyclase 1 (ADCY1)-dependent synthesis of cAMP as a signaling route mediating CAD-induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization and cell death. Importantly, pharmacologic and genetic means to increase cellular cAMP levels either by activating cAMP-inducing G-protein–coupled receptors (GPR3 or β2 adrenergic receptor) or ADCY1, or by inhibiting cAMP-reducing guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit α2, C-X-C motif chemokine receptor type 4, or cAMP phosphodiesterases, sensitized cancer cells to CADs. These data reveal a previously unrecognized lysosomal P2RX4- and ADCY1-dependent signaling cascade as a pathway essential for CAD-induced lysosome-dependent cell death and encourage further investigations to find the most potent combinations of CADs and cAMP-inducing drugs for cancer therapy.
ÖĞRENCİLERİN ELEKTRONİK TİCARETE BAKIŞININ YEREL EKONOMİLERE YANSIMASI: BİGA KAPSAMINDA AMPİRİK BİR ÇALIŞMA
Authors: ÖKSÜZ Mehmet , TÜRGAY Timur
Published: July 2019

Gelişen teknoloji ile birlikte elektronik ticaretin pazar payının gün
geçtikçe artması, yıllardır tartışılagelen elektronik ticaretin vergilendirilmesi
sorununu da beraberinde getirmektedir. Vergilendirilemeyen kazanç, kayıt dışı
ekonomiyi büyüttüğü gibi devletin vergi gelirlerinde de azalmaya neden
olmaktadır. Ayrıca elektronik ticaretin, Türkiye’deki büyük birkaç kent
dışındaki diğer kentlerdeki yerel ekonomiyi de olumsuz yönde etkilediği
söylenebilir.

Çalışmanın temel amacı, Çanakkale
Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Biga İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi’nde kayıtlı
öğrencilerin elektronik ticaret hakkındaki görüşlerinin ve elektronik ortamda
alışveriş yapma tutumlarının tespit edilmesi ve ayrıca bu tutumların Biga’nın
yerel ekonomisine yansımasının değerlendirilmesidir. Bu amaçla çalışmada yüz
yüze anket tekniği kullanılarak 197 öğrencinin görüş ve tutumları ölçülmüştür.
Çalışmada elde dilen bulgulara göre öğrenciler; elektronik alışverişin kolay ve
zahmetsiz olduğunu, elektronik alışverişin kısa zamanda yapıldığından dolayı
zaman tasarrufu sağladığını, ürünler ve hizmetler hakkında karşılaştırma
olanağı sağladığını ve elektronik alışverişte piyasada bulunmayan ürünlerin
bulunabildiğini belirtmişlerdir.
A DECISION PROCEDURE FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING BASED ON MULTI CRITERIA DECISION MAKING UNDER INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY ENVIRONMENT
Authors: YILMAZ BALAMAN Şebnem , ÇALI Sedef
Published: July 2019

This study aims to rank alternative sustainable energy systems and to present
the most convenient one utilizing a MCDM methodology based on integration of
intuitionistic fuzzy ELECTRE and VIKOR methods. Four experts on sustainable
energy have assessed the alternative energy systems, namely biomass, solar and
wind energy systems according to sustainability criteria, which are divided
into 4 main categories, namely environmental, social, economic and technical.
In this scope, 16 sub-criteria are determined and the values of these
sub-criteria are determined by the experts using linguistic variables expressed
by intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. The weights of decision makers and criteria
with significant contribution on the ranking procedure are specified via
Entropy method. The methodology reveals that Solar Energy is the most
convenient energy system for Turkey, whereas the ranks of wind and biomass
systems change according to different decision making strategies.
TÜRKİYE’DE ÇALIŞANLARIN DEMOGRAFİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN İŞ KAZALARINA ETKİLERİNİN ANALİZİ
Authors: KAPLAN Mete , ÇALLI KAPLAN Melike
Published: July 2019

Dünyada ve ülkemizde çalışma hayatında zamanla önemi
artan sorunların başında iş kazaları gelmektedir. Çalışmamızda öncelikle iş
kazaları ile ilgili genel kavramsal çerçeveden bahsedilmektedir. Sonrasında
ülkemizde Aile, Çalışma ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığı Rehberlik ve Teftiş
Başkanlığı (Eski adıyla ÇSGB İş Teftiş Kurulu Başkanlığı) İş Müfettişleri
tarafından 2007-2011 yılları arasında incelemesi yapılan iş kazaları referans
alınarak iş kazaları ile çalışanın yaş grupları, cinsiyeti, eğitim düzeyi arasındaki
ilişkiler ve işkollarına göre iş kazası profil çalışması yapılarak Türkiye
ölçeğinde analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analiz doğrultusunda sonuç ve önerilere
yer verilmiştir.
Thomas Craig on the origin and development of feudal law
Authors: Dodd Leslie
Published: July 2019

When Thomas Craig (c.1538-1608) wrote his great treatise on Scottish feudal practice, the Jus feudale, he devoted a considerable part of the first book to legal origins. This article deals with Craig’s treatment narrative on the origins of feudal law and tenure in the fourth and fifth titles of the first book. By close examination of the text, the detailed formulation of Craig’s argumentation and technique is uncovered as well as the myriad classical, mediaeval and humanist sources upon which his literary project was based. In this way, the deep relationship between Craig – and by extension Scots law – and the historico-legal product of the French legal humanists is explored.
Remedies for Human Rights Violations Caused by Climate Change
Authors: Wewerinke-Singh Margaretha
Published: July 2019

The right to a remedy is central to a human rights approach to climate change. However, a range of obstacles inhibit access to justice for victims of human rights violations caused by climate change. This article considers two elements of the right to a remedy: access to justice and substantive redress. In relation to access to justice, it considers the potential of domestic courts, as well as regional and international bodies, to offer redress for human rights violations caused by climate change. In relation to substantive redress, it examines international jurisprudence on remedies and discusses its applicability in the context of climate change. Together, these discussions provide an insight into the obstacles to justice for human rights violations caused by climate change and the ways in which these may be overcome.
Muḥammad’s Conversations with the Bedouin: a Speech-Act Analysis of Prophetic Discourse in Hadith
Authors: Kasmani Mohd Faizal , Yusoff Sofia Hayati , Kanaker Osama
Published: July 2019

Speech-act theory allows us to study how words have an impact in real life and the performative nature of words. At the same time, it can also contribute to an understanding of communication style and communication strategy. In this article, speech-act theory is applied to the conversations of Prophet Muḥammad with the Bedouin in two ways. First, the speech acts of the Prophet are analyzed using the categories put forward by John Searle to see how they function within the conversation. Second, the illocutionary force of an utterance and its perlocutionary effect – based on words and expressions that the Prophet used in his utterances – are examined to discover patterns in his communication strategy towards the Bedouin.
A new genus of Pseudomesochrinae Willen, 1996 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Pseudotachidiidae) from the Guinea Basin
Authors: WILLEN ELKE , DITTMAR JANINE
Published: July 2019

A new species of the new genus Keraia gen. nov. from the Guinea Basin is described in the present paper. The new taxon belongs to the Pseudomesochrinae Willen, 1996, which until now has contained only the genus Pseudomesochra T. Scott, 1902. Both genera are prevalent in the deep sea. Whereas Pseudomesochra reaches quite high individual and species numbers in the investigated samples of the DIVA 1, DIVA 2 and ANDEEP deep-sea expeditions, Keraia is found only occasionally and as single specimens. Keraia is characterised among others by a modified antenna exopodite and the shape of P1. Pseudomesochra on the other hand can still be identified as a monophylum by specialised setation on the P1 endopodite and the lack of the inner setae of the first segment of swimming leg exopodites. Other species of Keraia gen. nov. are K. longiseta (Vasconcelos, George & Santos 2008) and the type species K. tamara (Smirnov, 1946). The available records implicate a widespread occurrence of Keraia gen. nov. from the northern to the southern Atlantic, and even reaching both northern and southern polar regions. Up to now all individuals that have been found occur exclusively at deep-sea sites and in very low abundances.
Holodentata gen. nov. (Isopoda: Asellota: Paramunnidae) with a description of two new species: H. caeca and H. triangulata from the Southern Ocean
Authors: DOTI BRENDA LÍA , CHOUDHURY MADHUMITA , BRANDT ANGELIKA
Published: July 2019

A new genus of Paramunnidae, Holodentata (type species: Paramunna gaussi Vanhöffen, 1914) is erected. The new genus comprises two new species: H. caeca, from the deep Weddell Sea and H. triangulata, from the Ross Sea. The new genus is distinguished by the following characters: article 3 of the antenna short and with strong denticles, mandible palp absent, article 2 of maxilliped palp longest, coxal plates visible in dorsal view in all pereonites, pleotelson broad and laterally denticulated.
Description of a new species of Epacanthion (Thoracostomopsidae, Nematoda) from Brazil and a modified key for species identification
Authors: GUILHERME BETÂNIA CRISTINA , DA SILVA MARIA CRISTINA , ESTEVES ANDRÉ MORGADO
Published: July 2019

Epacanthion agubernaculus sp. nov. (Thoracostomopsidae, Nematoda) is described from sediments of Campos Basin, Atlantic Southeast, Brazil. The main features are: the long spicules, the absence of gubernaculum, and the presence of three pairs of setae in the tail region. Only one male was found for description, but the main features are strong enough to consider it clearly as a new species. An updated and modified key for species identification is proposed.
Review of the Sogdini of North and Central America (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Leiodinae) with descriptions of fourteen new species and three new genera
Authors: PECK STEWART B. , COOK JOYCE
Published: July 2019

This paper is a review and revision of the tribe Sogdini (Coleoptera: Leoididae: Leiodinae) of North and Central America. It covers the following genera: Triarthron Märkel, 1840, with one species; Hydnobius Schmidt, 1841, with seven species; Stereus Wollaston, 1857, new for North America, with one species; Sogda Lopatin, 1961, new for North America, with two species; Kalohydnobius new genus, with three species; Macrohydnobius new genus, with six species; and Platyhydnobius new genus, with eight species. The species are inhabitants of northern and mountain forests or sandy habitats. Larvae and adults probably feed on subterranean fungi. The following new synonyms are recognized: Triarthron pennsylvanicum Horn, 1883 = T. lecontei Horn, 1868; Hydnobius luggeri Hatch, 1927 = H. substriatus LeConte, 1863; Hydnobius lobatus Hatch, 1936 = H. longidens LeConte, 1879; Hydnobius longulus LeConte, 1879 = Sogda obtusa (LeConte,1879); Hydnobius femoratus Hatch, 1936 = Kalohydnobius strigilatus (Horn, 1880); and Hydnobius stacesmithi Hatch, 1957 = Macrohydnobius matthewsii (Crotch, 1874). Hydnobius kiseri Hatch, 1936 and H. longidens LeConte, 1879 are resurrected from synonymy to valid species status. The following new combinations are established: Sogda obtusa (LeConte, 1879), ex Hydnobius; Kalohydnobius strigilatus (Horn, 1880), ex Hydnobius; Macrohydnobius contortus (Hatch, 1957), ex Hydnobius; M. crestonensis (Hatch, 1957), ex Hydnobius; M. matthewsii (Crotch, 1874), ex Hydnobius; M. simulator (Brown, 1932), ex Hydnobius; Platyhydnobius arizonensis (Horn, 1885), ex Hydnobius; and P. validus (Brown1932), ex Hydnobius. Lectotypes are designated for Hydnobius substriatus LeConte, 1863; H. pumilus LeConte, 1879; H. obtusus LeConte, 1879; H. longulus LeConte, 1879; H. strigilatus Horn, 1880 and H. matthewsii Crotch, 1874. New species are Hydnobius acarinus, H. autumnalis, Stereus arenarius, Sogda enigma, Kalohydnobius californicus, K. dentatus, Macrohydnobius montanus, M. tibiocalcaris, Platyhydnobius andersoni, P. bicolor, P. calvario, P. howdenorum, P. latigra, and P. newtonorum.
Review of the systematics, morphology and distribution of Malagasy dwarf geckos, genera Lygodactylus and Microscalabotes (Squamata: Gekkonidae)
Authors: PUENTE MARTA , GLAW FRANK , VIEITES DAVID R. , VENCES MIGUEL
Published: July 2019

The Malagasy species of the dwarf gecko genera Lygodactylus Gray and Microscalabotes Boulenger have been largely neglected in recent studies on the herpetofauna of Madagascar. Since the historically earliest taxonomic description of Lygodactylus tolampyae in 1872, studies have mainly dealt with the systematics of these lizards, yet many taxonomic issues and the validity of several species is unclear. Some species have been described on the basis of immature specimens, or based on a low specimen number from single sites, and there are no assessments of geographic variation. In this paper we provide a review of Malagasy Lygodactylus and Microscalabotes based on preserved material from a number of major natural history museums, including types of most species, and on own collections. For each species we provide morphological diagnoses, standardized descriptions of up to 24 morphological characters, a list of localities, and discussions of geographical variation if it was apparent from the specimens examined. All except three Malagasy Lygodactylus species are assigned to a total of four phenetic species groups of which at least some may also represent monophyletic units. Hemipenial morphology is described for 11 species and provides a valuable source of characters to distinguish species groups, especially the L. madagascariensis group that differs from other Malagasy species by their lack of hemipenial serrated ridges with pointed papillae, short pedicel and poorly defined lobes. Lygodactylus praecox Pasteur, 1995 is considered as a junior synonym of Lygodactylus klemmeri Pasteur, 1964. One new species, Lygodactylus roavolana, is described based on a unique combination of morphological characters.
A new genus and species of Oemini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) from Sichuan Province, western China
Authors: NIISATO TATSUYA , LIU BIN
Published: July 2019

A new genus and species of Oemini (Oemina), Sichuanortia zhouchaoi, is described from Sichuan Province, western China. The new genus is similar to the genus Oemospila Gahan, 1906 in general appearance, but it is clearly distinguished by the deeply furrowed gula instead of the relatively smooth gula as in the latter.
History of International Relations
Authors: Ringmar Erik
Published: July 2019

Existing textbooks on international relations treat history in a cursory fashion and perpetuate a Euro-centric perspective. This textbook pioneers a new approach by historicizing the material traditionally taught in International Relations courses, and by explicitly focusing on non-European cases, debates and issues.

The volume is divided into three parts. The first part focuses on the international systems that traditionally existed in Europe, East Asia, pre-Columbian Central and South America, Africa and Polynesia. The second part discusses the ways in which these international systems were brought into contact with each other through the agency of Mongols in Central Asia, Arabs in the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean, Indic and Sinic societies in South East Asia, and the Europeans through their travels and colonial expansion. The concluding section concerns contemporary issues: the processes of decolonization, neo-colonialism and globalization – and their consequences on contemporary society.

History of International Relations provides a unique textbook for undergraduate and graduate students of international relations, and anybody interested in international relations theory, history, and contemporary politics.
Integrating principles of military team development into family medicine education
Authors: Dixon Mark A , Williams-Wonnum Sundonia J , Alley Ebon S , Hyer Steven M
Published: July 2019

The United States military is an organization composed of teams of various sizes and functions. The development of effective teams is comprised of several components: leadership, followership, training, and development of team traits. This article reviews the literature and military doctrines surrounding these components to establish a conceptual model of team development. This model is intended to summarize military team development principles and to facilitate team functioning and development within medical settings. Organizational values, leader attributes and competencies, and the role of team members are discussed.
The Surety of God's Promises: A Theological Interpretation of Genesis 22
Authors: Campbell Stephen D.
Published: July 2019

The account in Genesis 22 of Abraham's binding and near sacrifice of his son Isaac is one of the best known passages in all of the Old Testament and presents the reader with a perfect example of the difficulty of achieving the “correct” interpretation of a given text. This essay attempts to offer a fresh interpretation of Genesis 22 that closely attends to the text, moves beyond purely descriptive objectives, wrestles with the questions that the text itself raises, and is motivated by theological concerns. This process begins by placing this text within the Abrahamic narrative of Genesis. In the final assessment, it is argued that when theological concerns are given a voice, this text depicts at least three theological realities. First, this text shows that Yhwh is a God who allows his servants to experience trials. Second, it demonstrates the nature of true faith through the example of Abraham. The faith that Abraham demonstrated is exemplary precisely because of the challenges that he faced. And third, it displays—perhaps surprisingly to the modern reader—the faithfulness of God, for this episode shows that God's choice of Abraham is not arbitrary. Moreover, Genesis 22 demonstrates that when God makes promises, he must be faithful to keep those promises.
When Sources Honestly Provide Their Biased Opinion: Bias as a Distinct Source Perception With Independent Effects on Credibility and Persuasion
Authors: Wallace Laura E. , Wegener Duane T. , Petty Richard E.
Published: July 2019

Anecdotally, attributions that others are biased pervade many domains. Yet, research examining the effects of perceptions of bias is sparse, possibly due to some prior researchers conflating bias with untrustworthiness. We sought to demonstrate that perceptions of bias and untrustworthiness are separable and have independent effects. The current work examines these differences in the persuasion domain, but this distinction has implications for other domains as well. Two experiments clarify the conceptual distinction between bias (skewed perception) and untrustworthiness (dishonesty) and three studies demonstrate that source bias can have a negative effect on persuasion and source credibility beyond any parallel effects of untrustworthiness, lack of expertise, and dislikability. The current work suggests that bias is an independent, but understudied source characteristic.
Toward Normalization of the Tumor Microenvironment for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zheng Jie , Gao Peng
Published: July 2019

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex ecosystem, including blood vessels, immune cells, fibroblasts, extracellular matrix, cytokines, hormones, and so on. The TME differs from the normal tissue environment (NTE) in many aspects, such as tissue architecture, chronic inflammation, level of oxygen and pH, nutritional state of the cells, as well as tissue firmness. The NTE can inhibit the growth of cancer at the early tumorigenesis phase, whereas the TME promotes the growth of cancer in general, although it may have some anticancer effects. In particular, the TME plays a crucial role in the generation and maintenance of cancer stem cells, which lie at the root of cancer growth. Therefore, normalization of the TME to the NTE may inhibit cancer growth or improve cancer therapeutic efficiency. This review focuses on the recent emerging approaches for this normalization and the action mechanisms.
Developing an In-House Biological Safety Cabinet Certification Program at the University of North Dakota
Authors: Ghosh Sumit , Voigt Jeffrey , Wynne Terrance , Nelson Terrance
Published: July 2019

Introduction:

Biological safety cabinets (BSCs) are the primary means of containment used in laboratories worldwide. To ensure the proper functioning of BSCs, they need to be certified annually, at a minimum, per National Sanitation Foundation (NSF)/American National Standards Institute Standard 49.

Objectives:

A common problem most organizations face is that in many instances, the technicians who certify the cabinets are not accredited by the NSF. Additionally, in states or regions that do not have local NSF accredited field certifiers, it takes weeks to get a service request completed, thereby delaying the research work of the laboratory. Moreover, in such instances, the cost associated with cabinet certification and repair can be very high.

Materials and Methods:

This led the Office of Safety at the University of North Dakota to do a thorough cost-benefit analysis of developing an in-house BSC certification program. After completing the training and testing requirements for the NSF’s advanced accreditation program, the BSC certification program was initiated on campus.

Results:

The identified benefits led to the initiation of a program in both local and regional capacity for repair, maintenance, and certification of BSCs, and the university’s experiences were shared with other universities.

Conclusions:

By developing an in-house BSC certification program, the University of North Dakota was able to reduce wait times associated with service repairs, reduce costs, and generate revenue for the department. Furthermore, this led to improved hands-on training programs related to BSC use in laboratories working with biohazardous agents.
Study of Solvent Extraction of Mercury(II) with Dibenzo-18-Crown-6 from Hydrochloric Acid Solution into Benzene
Authors: Giovannetti Rita , Bartocci Vito , Petetta Laura
Published: July 2019

The effect of Li+, K+, NH+4, Ca2+ or Sr2+ in the extraction of mercury(II) as chloro-complexes from solutions in hydrochloric acid with dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DB18C6) into benzene and the stoichiometries of the reactions have been studied. The crystalline extracted species were characterized by morphological and microanalysis measurements by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry respectively.
Acid-Base Properties of Biological Phenylalkylamines Characterised by CD-pH Titrations
Authors: Hegedüs H. , Gergely A. , Horváth P. , Noszál B.
Published: July 2019

The acid-base chemistry of eleven selected chiral biological and drug molecules is characterised in terms of log K values by CD-pH titrations.
Cyclodehydration of Some 1,n-Diols Catalysed by Sulfated Zirconia
Authors: Wali Anil , Pillai S. Muthukumaru
Published: July 2019

Sulfated zirconia, a solid acid, is found to be a good catalyst in the cyclodehydration of several diols.
Hypervalent Iodine in Synthesis. Part XXIX: Palladium-catalyzed Carbonylation of Diaryliodonium Salts by Chloroform and Alkali
Authors: Xia Min , Chen Zhen-Chu
Published: July 2019

Diaryliodonium salts are catalytically carbonylated by CO generated in situ from chloroform and aqueous alkali in the presence of (Ph3P)2PdCl2 in good yields under N2 at 50 °C.
Selective Synthesis of C2–C4 Olefins and C5+ Hydrocarbons over Unpromoted and Cerium-promoted Iron Catalysts Supported on Ion Exchanged (H, K) Zeolite-Y
Authors: Nam Sang-Sung , Kishan Gurram , Lee Myung-Woo , Choi Myoung-Jae , Lee Kyu-Wan
Published: July 2019

Hydrogenation of CO2 to hydrocarbons is carried out on unpromoted and Ce-promoted iron catalysts supported on ion exchanged (H, K) zeolite-Y; the results suggest that the Fe–Ce/KY catalyst has significant advantages being highly selective for C2–C4 olefins and C5+ hydrocarbons.
Clinical Reliability of Point-of-Care Glucose Testing in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Pilackas Kylie , El-Oshar Seraj , Carter Chris
Published: July 2019

Background:

Point-of-care (POC) glucometers are commonly used in intensive care units (ICUs). The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services have called into question the accuracy of POC glucometers in critically ill patients. This study sought to identify specific characteristics within our facility’s ICU patients that were associated with inaccuracies in POC glucose measurements.

Methods:

We conducted a prospective cohort study that compared POC capillary blood glucose samples with venous samples collected in our ICU. All nonpregnant patients >18 years old admitted to the ICU with orders for daily laboratory testing that included blood glucose were eligible for inclusion.

Results:

A total of 46 patients were enrolled and 85 samples were collected. The mean difference between venous and POC samples was 5.23 mg/dL (95% CI, 3.16-7.3 mg/dL). Measurement inaccuracies would have altered treatment in 7/85 instances (8.2%). The only clinically significant inaccuracy found was the omission of 2 units of insulin in 1 hyperglycemic patient. Measurement inconsistencies generally underestimated low blood glucose values (2/2 instances) and overestimated high blood glucose values (4/5 instances).

Conclusions:

In our study, the mean difference between venous and POC glucose samples was small. Similarly, measurement inaccuracies that would have altered treatment were rare and only one instance was deemed clinically significant. We conclude that POC capillary glucose testing within our cohort and in similar critically ill patients is likely safe and effective.
A provably secure cluster-based hybrid hierarchical group key agreement for large wireless ad hoc networks
Authors: Naresh Vankamamidi S. , Reddi Sivaranjani , Murthy Nistala V. E. S.
Published: July 2019

Group key agreement protocol permits a set of users to create a common key to make sure security of information exchange among members of the group. It is extensively used in secure multiparty computation, resource security sharing, and distributed collaborative computing etc. For large wireless ad-hoc network, there is no authentication center, the computing power and communication distance of terminals are constrained, and nodes frequently join and exit the network. For these reasons, Group Key Management for securing multicast communications in an energy-constrained large wireless ad-hoc network environment is still remains a critical and challenging issue. In this direction, we propose a cluster-based hybrid hierarchical-group key agreement (CHH-GKA) framework to provide a scalable solution for Secure Group Communication (SGC) in large wireless ad hoc networks (WANETs). This technique is based on splitting a large group into a certain number of clusters in which the last member of each of the clusters is designated as a cluster head (CH) and the last member of the group is designated as the group controller (GC). First we apply on hand Naresh–Murthy-group key agreement (NM-GKA) protocol locally in every cluster in parallel in level-I to generate CKs and then in level-II, the CHs’ use these CKs and implement NM-GKA protocol again among them to form the complete group key. Finally each CH distributes the group key to all its members through their respective CK encrypted links. In this process, first we survey several cluster-based hierarchical GKA protocols and compare the proposed one with them and show that it provides optimal performance with regard to computation and communication expenses. Further, it also handles dynamic events and is provably secure in formal security model under the cryptographic suppositions.
Introduction to this special section: Machine learning applications
Authors: Shaw Simon , Sharma Arvind , Baraniuk Richard , Roy Baishali
Published: July 2019

Since the last time The Leading Edge devoted a special section to “Data analytics and machine learning” in March 2017, the topic has continued to generate excitement in the field of exploration geophysics and beyond. Today, machine learning is finding new applications within a multitude of industries on an almost daily basis as companies invest heavily in this technology.
Machine learning-based fracture-hit detection algorithm using LFDAS signal
Authors: Jin Ge , Mendoza Kevin , Roy Baishali , Buswell Darryl G.
Published: July 2019

Low-frequency distributed acoustic sensing (LFDAS) signal has been used to detect fracture hits at offset monitor wells during hydraulic fracturing operations. Typically, fracture hits are manually identified, which can be subjective and inefficient. We implemented machine learning-based models using supervised learning techniques in order to identify fracture zones, which demonstrate a high probability of fracture hits automatically. Several features are designed and calculated from LFDAS data to highlight fracture-hit characterizations. A simple neural network model is trained to fit the manually picked fracture hits. The fracture-hit probability, as predicted by the model, agrees well with the manual picks in training, validation, and test data sets. The algorithm was used in a case study of an unconventional reservoir. The results indicate that smaller cluster spacing design creates denser fractures.