bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of the Clamping Layout of Thin-walled Parts with Partition Frame
Authors: Dong Jian , Zhang Xinyun , Xu Chaopeng , Geng Nan
Published: June 2023

When the thin-walled parts are machined, they need to be clamped and positioned. By using finite element method (FEM), the deformation law of workpiece clamping caused by single clamping layout parameter can be gained. However, it is impossible to express the relationship between the clamping deformation and the clamping layout parameter by FEM when multiple clamping layout parameters are taken into account simultaneously. Therefore, ABAQUS is used to establish a three-dimensional finite element model for the clamping layout of thin-walled part. And by combining the milling force and the static balance equation, the appropriate clamping force value can be obtained. Then it is convenient to obtain the initial data sample of genetic algorithm. Genetic algorithm is used to optimize the clamping layout of frame type of thin-walled part and obtains the optimal layout. The minimum value of maximum clamping deformation is 15.50 µm. In the field of thin-walled part machining, the research results of this paper have an important guiding role in the rational design of the clamping layout scheme.
Motion and Trajectory Planning and Simulation of a High Frequency Transformer Winding Robot Pose
Authors: Zhao Peizhi , Qian Xueming , Feng Huan
Published: June 2023

The application of high-frequency transformers is related to the development of all walks of life in the national economy and people’s livelihood, among which the fast and agile performance of winding knots in the system operation platform is crucial to the production efficiency and quality assurance of transformers. Aiming at the problems of slow attitude movement and trajectory planning time and complicated path trajectory points in the offline system of robots in the traditional production line, this paper proposes an optimization trajectory optimization algorithm based on the combination of accurate unit scanning and Cartesian spatial trajectory planning. When the known effective working space range is determined, the end effector of the robotic arm conducts trajectory search according to a specified time series after obstacle avoidance to find an optimal trajectory that meets the user parameters. At the same time, for the polyline trajectory, this paper uses the multi-dimensional interpolation method, that is, the adopted Cartesian space trajectory planning for smooth processing. Finally, through the MatlabRobot toolbox to end effector arm end angular velocity, angular acceleration for simulation research, according to the simulation results, it can be seen that the arm end angular velocity in three-dimensional space is controlled at −1m/s ~ 1m/s, angular acceleration is basically stable in the Z axis, and controlled in the X axis at −3m/s
2 ~1m/s2, so the control of the fusion algorithm on the motion and trajectory planning of the robot system is reasonable, and it also meets the quantitative needs of users.
Application and Prospect of Intelligent Manufacturing in Practice
Authors: Zhang Runyan , Yuan Yan , Chen Limin
Published: June 2023

Intelligent manufacturing is the core technology paradigm of the new round of scientific and technological revolution, and the main direction of strengthening the integration of digital and real technology and building a manufacturing power. This paper focuses on intelligent manufacturing. Take intelligent mechanical engineering, intelligent logistics, industrial robots and intelligent production workshops as examples. Exploring the phased achievements and applications of intelligent manufacturing technology. Research showed that the realization of intelligent manufacturing has adopted technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data, cloud computing, machine learning, intelligent sensing, interconnection and remote operation and maintenance, effectively solving many current engineering and scientific research problems. Indicating that the intelligent manufacturing industry supported by information technology and advanced digital technology has broad application prospects. It also provides reference for the application and high-quality development of intelligent manufacturing.
An Evaluation Method of Equipment Development Priority Combining Subjective and Objective
Authors: Guo Zhiming , Ye Jun , Wang Wei , Gao Liang , Qiao Hu
Published: June 2023

This article proposes a Subjective And Objective Evaluation (SAOE) method for equipment development priorities. By establishing the evaluation index system of equipment development priority evaluation, using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to determine the subjective weights of each indicator in the indicator system, and then use the deviation maximization method to determine the objective weight of each indicator in the indicator system. Finally, based on least square method and relative entropy principle, combining subjective and objective weights to obtain the combined weight value of indicators, to obtain the equipment development priority. This method uses SAOE method to evaluate the priority of equipment development, which improves the scientific and reliability of the evaluation results, and is more practical, and provides a reliable basis for equipment development planning.
Improvement of measurement accuracy using Bayesian inference - Reduction of instrumentation effort in an axial compressor
Authors: Cruz Gonçalo G. , Ottavy Xavier , Fontaneto Fabrizio
Published: June 2023

As the next generation of turbomachinery components becomes more sensitive to instrumentation intrusiveness, a reduction of the number of measurement devices required for the evaluation of performance is a possible and cost-effective way to mitigate the arising of non-mastered experimental errors. A hybrid methodology that couples experimental techniques with modeling techniques through a Bayesian data-driven framework is employed to reduce the instrumentation effort. A numerical model is employed to provide an initial belief of the flow, which is then updated based on undersampled experimental observations by a Bayesian inference algorithm. The goal of the present work is to showcase the proposed hybrid methodology and demonstrate its partial application through Gaussian Process regression in reducing the instrumentation effort and testing time at the outlet of a low aspect ratio axial compressor stage representative of the last stage of a high-pressure compressor. Preliminary results show an accurate reconstruction of the mean flow field with a direct uncertainty quantification provided by the Bayesian approach.
Two-wavelength interferometry for measurement of transonic airflow in a compressor blade cascade
Authors: Psota P , Kredba J , Stašík M , Cubreli G , Lédl V , Šimurda D
Published: June 2023

This paper presents high-speed two wavelength interferometry for measuring fast phenomena, which allows to extend the dynamic range of measurement using two different wavelengths at the same time. The method was applied to measure transonic airflow through a blade cascade
Laser Doppler Anemometry technique to study the flow field in the nozzle and in the water jet of a Pelton turbine
Authors: Pisaturo Giuseppe Roberto , Nicolosi Francesco Fabio , Gusmerotti Daniele , Righetti Maurizio , Renzi Massimiliano
Published: June 2023

The constant availability of water from the mountain basins is crucial to feed the hydropower plants that currently represent the most important renewable energy source in many countries, like Italy. The long dry periods that are nowadays registered during the summer periods have imposed the managers of the hydropower plants to operate the machines at very low flow rates, close to the lowest allowed values. In this work we focus our attention on the fluid-dynamics of the water jet of a Pelton machine and of the corresponding nozzle, with particular attention to the low flow-rate ranges. The nozzle has been manufactured in PMMA to be able to study the internal fluid-dynamics using the Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) technique. The shape of the nozzle has been adapted to limit the laser beam distortion and an algorithm has been implemented to correct the position of the measurement volume and the evaluation of the velocity components. Moreover, a specific measurement layout has been proposed and implemented to be able to study the velocity of the water jet downstream the nozzle and to study the homogeneity of the flow velocity in the jet, which is a crucial characteristic to grant a proper operation of the Pelton runner. The specific set-up of the test bench and the LDA parameters are presented; the signal of the LDA receiver proved to be very consistent and reliable. Moreover, the results of the measurements have been used to validate CFD simulations and to extend the results of the analyses to other operating conditions of the Pelton nozzle
Time-of-flight estimation in acoustic pyrometry: sensitivity to pulse characteristics
Authors: Pettinari Matteo , Ferrari Lorenzo
Published: June 2023

Acoustic pyrometry is a non-intrusive measurement technique that may have several applications in turbomachinery. This methodology estimates the gas temperature by measuring the time of flight of an acoustic wave moving through a medium. It can be accomplished by placing a sound source (emitter) and a set of microphones (receivers) on opposite sides of a section. The emitter generates a sound pulse, and the receivers detect it. Since the emitter-receiver distances are known and fixed, the average temperatures of the paths traversed by the acoustic pulse can be computed by estimating the time-of-flight through deconvolution techniques. However, despite the straightforward principle, an acoustic wave suffers a variation of amplitude when propagating within a medium because of energy losses and ambient noise. Hence, time-of-flight estimation becomes a critical task, especially when considering high-frequency waves or short distances between sensors. It is then fundamental to select proper acoustic waves to maximise the cross-correlation between the signals of the emitter-receiver couples, thus improving the accuracy of the time-of-flight measurements and, consequently, the estimation of the spatial temperature distribution within a specific area. This study is a preliminary investigation, based on a modelling approach, to estimate the impact of different acoustic waves on the accuracy of the time-of-flight measurement. The results of this analysis will be useful to design and setup an acoustic pyrometry application.
Test Rig Design Considerations to Detect Volatile Organic Compounds in Aircraft Cabins
Authors: Nasoulis Christos P. , Mantziou Stavroula , Gkoutzamanis Vasilis G. , Kalfas Anestis I.
Published: June 2023

A numerical investigation for simulating the aircraft cabin as an environmental chamber is set to assist a test rig design assimilating passenger comfort, considering their exposure to high concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds. Computational Fluid Dynamics is used to evaluate the flow inside the cabin for 800 sec of actual flow time, where the mixing and transport of chemical species are also evaluated. Measurements close to the passengers’ noses are used to create a Boruta feature selection-based dataset that trains four machine learning classifiers, namely, Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, Naive Bayes, and Logistic Regression, and compares their performance. Furthermore, the evaluation of molecular weight impact on residence time is explored, with an additional simulation including cabin filters. The model is proven to be insensitive to inlet air mass flow variation, indicating that the air-conditioning system mass flow has a minor impact on chemical species mass measurements. The Naive Bayes classifier shows the greatest performance with 96 % accuracy and is being selected to create a digital nose model. Moreover, when comparing simulation results between the models with and without cabin filters, results indicate that the residence time is independent of each compound’s molecular weight, with all showing equivalent residence time reduction. Finally, the observed cabin flow irregularities indicate that passengers may share different comfort experiences during the flight. This dictates the need to manufacture a full-scale test rig to quantify the impact of the flow asymmetry on the comfort of frequent travelers and aviation professionals.
Instrumentation improvements for NGV aerodynamic characterization at high Mach numbers
Authors: Puente A , Garcia-Valdecasas G
Published: June 2023

One of the most important new engine concepts is the Geared turbofan. In these engines a gear box allows the decoupling between fan and turbine rotational speeds. As a consequence, the separate aerodynamic optimization of both components becomes possible leading to an increase in engine bypass ratios, higher propulsive efficiency and lower specific fuel consumption. The multi-stage intermediate pressure turbine (IPT) is one of the key parts of the thermodynamic cycle in geared turbofan architectures. During the characterization of a LPT NGV row, it is important to have detailed pressure losses measurements as accurate as possible. Because of the aerodynamic differences with conventional low pressure turbines (LPT), this becomes mandatory when the NGV is designed for an IPT. The main error sources are related to circumferential anisotropy, to repeatability of US and DS measurements, to effects of instrumentation in 2D losses and to static pressure measurement in the probe environment.
A fluorescent PIV technique for turbomachinery flows
Authors: Okada M , Pinho J , Cernat B , Lavagnoli S
Published: June 2023

This paper presents the development and applications of a fluorescent Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique as a countermeasure for undesired light reflections on surfaces of channel walls or obstacles. The employment of the fluorescent dye-doped tracer particle with a wavelength-specific optical filter enables a separation of the stokes-shifted particle light emission from reflections on the surfaces. Aiming at applying the technique to engine-like turbomachinery flows, the fluorescent tracer particles were made out of pyrromethene 567 and Di-Ethyl-Hexyl-Sebacat considering multiple aspects of characteristics. The developed particles were firstly tested in a low-speed wind tunnel with a metal turbine blade placed in the flow path and a laser sheet oriented to impinge the blade surface. With the installation of an adequate optical filter, the undesired light reflections were successfully removed, and reasonable vector calculations were enabled in proximity to the reflective blade surfaces. Secondly, the fluorescent PIV was performed on a high-pressure turbine stage hosted in a high-speed short-duration rotating turbine rig to demonstrate the feasibility of the technique in engine-representative turbomachinery flows.
Design of a small pressure chamber to evaluate probe calibrations at varying Reynolds numbers
Authors: Speck K , Schäffer C , Gümmer V
Published: June 2023

The Chair of Turbomachinery and Flight Propulsion (LTF) at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) operates a wind tunnel for probe calibration (Caljet). This paper describes the design and the validation process of a pressure chamber. The pressure chamber is used to calibrate probes for turbomachinery applications at comparable conditions to a 3.5-stages axial compressor test rig. This allows the study of Reynolds number and Mach number effects individually. The pressure chamber is designed as an additional component for the Caljet to enable probe calibration at higher mass flow densities and higher Reynolds numbers. Therefore, the original free stream jet is encased by this chamber, nevertheless the outlet of the calibration wind tunnel remains open to the environment. After a first pre-design study, numerical simulations are carried out to confirm expected flow conditions in the measurement area. Ansys Fluent is used for RANS simulations with air modeled as compressible gas. The numerical results are validated with experimental investigations that simultaneously provide a deeper understanding of the flow behavior. Therefore, a five-hole probe, a hot-wire probe, and a Fast Response Aerodynamic Probe are utilized. It is shown that the capability of the jet meets the expectations and can be used for the calibration of hot-wire probes at conditions comparable to a state-of-the-art 3.5-stages axial compressor.
Acoustic pyrometry for flow velocity estimation: preliminary analysis
Authors: Caposciutti G. , Ferrari L.
Published: June 2023

Acoustic pyrometry uses the variations of the speed of sound in a medium to determine its temperature. One of the assumptions at the base of this technique is that the flow velocity component in the direction of the acoustic path is negligible in comparison to the speed of sound. However, if the temperature of the medium is known, the acoustic pyrometry approach can be used to determine flow speed, as long as the flow is not perpendicular to the acoustic path. The combined approach of temperature and velocity determination is also known as acoustic tomography. This technique allows the determination of velocity and temperature maps in a flow region. Even though this is an interesting result, the mathematical approach to solve the velocity and temperature fields might be very complex and sensitive measurement set-up. In this study, a preliminary investigation is carried out to determine the flow velocity by starting from the time of flight of an acoustic signal moving along different acoustic paths in a constant temperature field. For this purpose, a simplified geometry is considered. The developed mathematical approach at the base of the methodology is presented in this study.
An alternative post-processing of transient liquid crystal experiments using the wall temperature gradient time response
Authors: Peteinaris A , Haftka O , Terzis Alexandros
Published: June 2023

An alternative method for the fast evaluation of transient liquid crystal experiments is presented in this study. The calibration of liquid crystals has been considered essential to obtain accurate heat transfer measurements. Nevertheless, liquid crystal aging, illumination, and ex situ calibration effects remain a difficult and might influence the heat transfer level. Proposed here is to bypass liquid crystal calibration by utilizing the evolution of the wall temperature gradients. This necessitates the use of the detection times of the maximum red and green intensities of narrow bandwidth liquid crystals, e.g., less than 1 K, whose temperature span is on the order of 0.3 K. The calculation of the heat transfer coefficients can be thus feasible by differentiating the wall temperature from the solution of the semi-infinite body approach with respect to time. This approach is examined over different experiments with varying geometries and liquid crystal detection times. The in-advance possession of the calibration curves of the liquid crystals allows for the method’s cross-evaluation. The results indicate that the proposed method is in sufficiently good agreement with the values obtained using the calibrated liquid crystal signals. In particular, the average heat transfer coefficient of a surface is within 8% from the traditional method which is sufficient for industrial applications and preliminary thermal designs.
Deep-Learning Based Identification of Inducer Cavitation Instability
Authors: Yoon Youngkuk , Lee Sanghyun , Song Seung Jin
Published: June 2023

A deep-learning based method is introduced to detect and identify the inducer cavitation instability. To identify alternate blade cavitation, which is a common cavitation instability occurs at two-bladed inducer, synthetic unsteady pressure data under equal length cavitation and alternate blade cavitation have been generated and used as training data sets. The neural network is trained to categorize the unknown unsteady pressure signal into with or without cavitation instability. In the present research, the network shows good performance in capturing the key features of the instability and robustness against random noise compared with the previous mode analysis technique
Blade pressure loading and torque measurement in a transonic linear cascade
Authors: Lepicovsky Jan , Šimurda David , Hála Jindřich , Šidlof Petr , Štěpán Martin
Published: June 2023

Experimental results of a transonic compressor blade pressure loadings and blade shaft torque measurements are presented in this paper. Data were acquired for the cascade middle blade being set to a number of incidence angle offsets to simulate phases of a blade flutter oscillatory motion. This paper should be viewed as a progress report on the ongoing larger research effort on blade flutter in transonic flow regimes.
Regionally differentiated promotion of electric vehicles in China considering environmental and human health impacts
Authors: Fang Yan Ru , Sun Xin , Zhang Silu , Liu Gang , Liu Xiaorui , Zhang Peng , Kang Yifei , Dai Hancheng
Published: June 2023

Private passenger vehicles, with its high emissions of CO2 and air pollutants, poses a severe threat to global climate and human health, particularly for a large developing country like China. Although both energy efficiency improvement of internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) and the wide adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) could contribute to reducing emissions, how they should be jointly implemented in provinces with a heterogeneous context to maximize their net benefits remains insufficiently explored. Here, based on an integrated modeling framework associated with one factual (REF) and four counterfactual scenarios to explore the priority and best-ranked ordering of both EVs’ penetration and high energy-efficient ICEVs in 31 Chinese provinces to achieve the most environmental and human health benefits from 2011 to 2018. The results demonstrate that electrification of the passenger fleet, which is charged by a slightly cleaner power source relative to 2011, yields significant co-benefits of CO2 reduction and air quality improvement. Compared with REF, the fleet electrification scenario would lead to 3167 cases of avoided mortality and attain US$4.269 billion of health benefits in 2018, accounting for 0.03% of China’s gross domestic product. Nonetheless, highly efficient ICEVs are found to harbor decarbonization potential and health benefits in northern China. Based on these results, Sichuan, Hebei and seven other provinces in east China should promote EVs imminently; conversely, eight provinces with a high share of thermal power must continually advance their implementation of ICEVs in the near future. Such prioritization of EVs and ICEV development at the provincial level provides timely insights for devising tailored policies regarding passenger car transition and for maximizing climate and health benefits based on regional heterogeneity.
Towards interpreting machine learning models for predicting soil moisture droughts
Authors: Huang Feini , Zhang Yongkun , Zhang Ye , Nourani Vahid , Li Qingliang , Li Lu , Shangguan Wei
Published: June 2023

Determination of the dominant factors which affect soil moisture (SM) predictions for drought analysis is an essential step to assess the reliability of the prediction results. However, artificial intelligence (AI) based drought modelling only provides prediction results without the physical interpretation of the models. Here, we propose an explainable AI (XAI) framework to reveal the modelling of SM drought events. Random forest based site-specific SM prediction models were developed using the data from 30 sites, covering 8 vegetation types. The unity of multiply XAI tools was applied to interpret the site-models both globally (generally) and locally. Globally, the models were interpreted using two methods: permutation importance and accumulated local effect (ALE). On the other hand, for each drought event, the models were interpreted locally via Shapley additive explanations (SHAP), local interpretable model-agnostic explanation (LIME) and individual conditional expectation (ICE) methods. Globally, the dominant features for SM predictions were identified as soil temperature, atmospheric aridity, time variables and latent heat flux. But through local interpretations of the drought events, SM showed a greater reliance on soil temperature, atmospheric aridity and latent heat flux at grass sites, with higher correlation to the time-dependent parameters at the sites located in forests. The temporal variation of the feature which effects the drought events was also demonstrated. The interpretation could shed light on how predictions are made and could promote the application of AI techniques in drought prediction, which may be useful for irrigation and water resource management.
Improved stability and luminescent efficiency of AgInSe2 nanocrystals by shelling with ZnS
Authors: Thi Thu Huong Tran , Thi Hiep Nguyen , Loan Nguyen Thu , Van Long Le , Han HyukSu , Thi Thao Nguyen , Thi Dieu Thuy Ung , Liem Nguyen Quang
Published: June 2023

In this paper, AgInSe2 (AISe) core and AgInSe2/ZnS (AISe/ZnS) core/shell nanocrystals (NCs) were synthesised by a one-pot method in an organic solvent. Firstly, the synthesis of AIS core NCs with different sizes was performed by hot-injection of Se precursor into the Ag and In complexes at different temperatures from 100 °C to 180 °C for a reaction time of 20 min Then, the ZnS was grown on the surface of AISe NCs at 150 °C for 60 min to produce the AISe/ZnS core/shell structures. The as-synthesised AISe core and AISe/ZnS core/shell NCs were characterised by using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and optical spectroscopies (UV–vis absorption and photoluminescence (PL)). After shelling ZnS layer, AISe/ZnS core/shell NCs become more stable (12 months) in ambient air and emit strong luminescence with a high quantum yield (QY) of 40% in the range from 610 nm to 762 nm by varying the reaction temperature of AISe core synthesis from 100 °C to 180 °C. The observed increase of QY and blue-shift in photoluminescence spectra after coating ZnS on surface AISe core NCs are rationalised by the formation of the alloyed structure and passivation of surface states. With their outstanding luminescent properties, AISe core and AISe/ZnS core/shell NCs are very promising in designing emitters for solid-state lighting sources in the greenhouse and in-door farming and bio-related devices.
Twist-angle dependent dehybridization of momentum-indirect excitons in MoSe2/MoS2 heterostructures
Authors: Sokolowski Nikodem , Palai Swaroop , Dyksik Mateusz , Posmyk Katarzyna , Baranowski Michał , Surrente Alessandro , Maude Duncan , Carrascoso Felix , Cakiroglu Onur , Sanchez Estrella , Schubert Alina , Munuera Carmen , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Hagel Joakim , Brem Samuel , Castellanos-Gomez Andres , Malic Ermin , Plochocka Paulina
Published: June 2023

The moiré superlattice has emerged as a powerful way to tune excitonic properties in two-dimensional van der Waals structures. However, the current understanding of the influence of the twist angle for interlayer excitons (IXs) in heterostructures is mainly limited to momentum-direct K–K transitions. In this work, we use a judicious combination of spectroscopy and many-particle theory to investigate the influence of the twist angle on momentum-indirect IXs of a MoSe2/MoS2 heterostructure. Here, the energetically lowest state is a dark and strongly hybridized ΓK exciton. We show that increasing the twist angle from an aligned structure (0∘ or 60∘) gives rise to a large blue shift of the IX, which is a manifestation of the strong dehybridization of this state. Moreover, for small twist angle heterostructures, our photoluminescence measurements reveal contributions from two IX states, which our modelling attributes to transitions from different moiré minibands. Our finding contributes to a better fundamental understanding of the influence of the moiré pattern on the hybridization of momentum-dark IX states, which may be important for applications in moiré-tronics including novel quantum technologies.
A temperature-sensitive plugging material composed of shape memory polymer and self-made gel
Authors: Tang Longhao , Wang Tingyi , Song Huifang , Xu Mingming , Xu Yingbiao , Wang Yuanyuan
Published: June 2023

Polymers with shape memory property and gel with resistance to high temperature can be both used for plugging formation, but they also have shortcomings. Nevertheless, it is possible to mix shape memory polymer(SMP) particles in the gel solution and use formation temperature to stimulate them to complete morphological transformation to achieve the purpose of plugging. This mutual combination method can help them reduce the shortcomings between each other. Here, a series of SMP with different glass transition temperatures and self-made gel were prepared. SMP needs to be prepared into particles to meet the dimensional requirements of plugging materials, but it can also retain shape memory property and pressure bearing capacity. The composition and thermal properties of both SMP and gel were characterized by FTIR and DMA. The plugging performance and mechanism of the composite of SMP and gel were systematically studied. The results show that the addition of SMP could improve the mechanical strength in system, and the viscosity gel can help stabilize the bridging structure formed by SMP particles at cracks. This composite of SMP and gel is expected to be a potential plugging material.
Electrocardiography signal compression using non-decimated stationary wavelet transform-based technique
Authors: Sharma Neenu , Sunkaria Ramesh Kumar
Published: June 2023

Background. In telecardiology, the bio-signal acquisition processing and communication for clinical purposes occupies larger storage and significant bandwidth over a communication channel. Electrocardiograph (ECG) compression with effective reproductivity is highly desired. In the present work, a compression technique for ECG signals with less distortion by using a non-decimated stationary wavelet with a run-length encoding scheme has been proposed. Method. In the present work non-decimated stationary wavelet transform (NSWT) method has been developed to compress the ECG signals. The signal is subdivided into N levels with different thresholding values. The wavelet coefficients having values larger than the threshold are evaluated and the remaining are suppressed. In the presented technique, the biorthogonal (bior) wavelet is employed as it improves the compression ratio as well percentage root means square ratio (PRD) when compared to the existing method and exhibits improved results. After pre-processing, the coefficients are subjected to the Savitzky-Golay filter to remove corrupted signals. The wavelet coefficients are then quantized using dead-zone quantization, which eliminates values that are close to zero. To encode these values, a run-length encoding (RLE) scheme is applied, resulting in compressed ECG signals. Results. The presented methodology has been evaluated on the MITDB arrhythmias database which contains 4800 ECG fragments from forty-eight clinical records. The proposed technique has achieved an average compression ratio of 33.12, PRD of 1.99, NPRD of 2.53, and QS of 16.57, making it a promising approach for various applications. Conclusion. The proposed technique exhibits a high compression ratio and reduces distortion compared to the existing method.
Deep learning model with L1 penalty for predicting breast cancer metastasis using gene expression data
Authors: Kim Jaeyoon , Lee Minhyeok , Seok Junhee
Published: June 2023

Breast cancer has the highest incidence and death rate among women; moreover, its metastasis to other organs increases the mortality rate. Since several studies have reported gene expression and cancer prognosis to be related, the study of breast cancer metastasis using gene expression is crucial. To this end, a novel deep neural network architecture, deep learning-based cancer metastasis estimator (DeepCME), is proposed in this paper for predicting breast cancer metastasis. However, the problem of overfitting occurs frequently while training deep learning models using gene expression data because they contain a large number of genes and the sample size is rather small. To address overfitting, several regularization methods are implemented, such as L1 penalty, batch normalization, and dropout. To demonstrate the superior performance of our model, area under curve (AUC) scores are evaluated and then compared with five baseline models: logistic regression, support vector classifier (SVC), random forest, decision tree, and k-nearest neighbor. Considering results, DeepCME demonstrates the highest average AUC scores in most cross-validation cases, and the average AUC score of DeepCME is 0.754, which is approximately 12.9% higher than SVC, the second-best model. In addition, the 30 most significant genes related to breast cancer metastasis are identified based on DeepCME results and some are discussed in further detail considering the reports from some previous medical studies. Considering the high expense involved in measuring the expression of a single gene, the ability to develop the cost-effective and time-efficient tests using only a few key genes is valuable. Based on this study, we expect DeepCME to be utilized clinically for predicting breast cancer metastasis and be applied to other types of cancer as well after further research.
Walking as a Gendered Practice: Travel and Transgressions in Henry James’s Daisy Miller (1878) and The Wings of the Dove (1902)
Authors: Butt Nadia , Schniedermann Wibke
Published: June 2023

This essay investigates the gendered practice of taking a walk in two works of Henry James, his early success Daisy Miller: A Study (1878) and his later-phase masterpiece The Wings of the Dove (1902). We focus on James’s women protagonists, the titular Daisy Miller and Wings’ Milly Theale and, specifically, their desire to walk unhindered through the European cities they are visiting, Rome and London, respectively. The simple activity of going for a walk in an unknown city, this essay argues, points beyond the scope of the streets traversed; it becomes a practice of self-assertion. Both narratives draw on the deep-seated connotations of transgression and deviance with which travelling women have long been associated. We begin by addressing travel as transgression and look at the cultural-historical context of women travellers in which James places his heroines. Our major objective is to map the ways in which James’s treatment of the woman pedestrian has changed over the decades between the two works. To this end, we explore the gender-determined restrictions to mobility in the two case studies and bring out the pleasure that both protagonists derive from bypassing those restraints, the pleasure of travelling and walking freely, in their own distinct ways.
Genome Resource Announcement of 3 Phylotype I and 14 Phylotype II Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex Isolates from South America
Authors: Aoun Nathalie , Avalos Jason K. , Cope-Arguello Matthew L. , Enriquez Claudia , Nguyen Trung-Hieu , Olyushinets Alexandra , Subuyuj Gabriel A. , Tom Cloe , Lowe-Power Tiffany M.
Published: June 2023

The Ralstonia solanacearum species complex is a group of gram-negative bacteria that cause lethal wilting on a broad range of plant species. Ralstonia pathogens were responsible for the Moko disease epidemic in plantains, bananas, and Heliconia sp. in Central and South America in the 1960s. To investigate the genomic diversity of Ralstonia strains isolated from Central and South America during this epidemic, we conducted Illumina whole-genome sequencing on 17 Ralstonia isolates. Our phylogenetic analysis showed that three of the isolates were phylotype I strains and 14 isolates were phylotype IIB strains. This genome announcement provides new genomic resources to investigate pathogen evolution, epidemiology, and virulence.

[Formula: see text] The author(s) have dedicated the work to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 “No Rights Reserved” license by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law, 2023.
Pilot Testing of Evidence-Based Symptom Management Telehealth Simulation-Based Experiences in an Oncology Nursing Seminar
Authors: Burrell Sherry A. , Ross Jennifer Gunberg , Randall Rachel , Heverly MaryAnn
Published: June 2023

Telehealth simulation-based experiences (T-SBEs) offer one approach to prepare nursing students with the requisite skills to deliver oncology evidence-based symptom management (EBSM) using telecommunication technology. Fourteen baccalaureate nursing students participated in this one-group, pretest/posttest, convergent mixed-methods pilot study with questionnaire variant. Data were collected before and/or after two oncology EBSM T-SBEs using standardized participants. The T-SBEs resulted in significant increases in self-perceived competence, confidence, and self-confidence in clinical decision-making related to oncology EBSM. Qualitative themes included value, application, and preference for in-person SBEs. Future research is warranted to definitively determine the effect of oncology EBSM T-SBEs on student learning.
Prototyping Process and Usability Testing of a Serious Game for Brazilian Children With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Sparapani Valéria Cássia , Petry Arlete dos Santos , Barber Rebecca Ortiz La Banca , Nascimento Lucila Castanheira
Published: June 2023

This study aims to describe the prototype development and testing of a serious game designed for Brazilian children with diabetes. Following an approach of user-centered design, the researchers assessed game's preferences and diabetes learning needs to develop a Paper Prototype. The gameplay strategies included diabetes pathophysiology, self-care tasks, glycemic management, and food group learning. Diabetes and technology experts (n = 12) tested the prototype during audio-recorded sessions. Next, they answered a survey to evaluate the content, organization, presentation, and educational game aspects. The prototype showed a high content validity ratio (0.80), with three items not achieving the critical values (0.66). Experts recommended improving the game content and food illustrations. This evaluation contributed to the medium-fidelity prototype version, which after testing with diabetes experts (n = 12) achieved high content validity values (0.88). One item did not meet the critical values. Experts suggested increasing the options of outdoor activities and meals. Researchers also observed and video-recorded children with diabetes (n = 5) playing the game with satisfactory interaction. They considered the game enjoyable. The interdisciplinary team plays an important role guiding the designers in the use of theories and real needs of children. Prototypes are a low-cost usability and a successful method for evaluating games.
Diagnosis of Fibrillary Glomerulonephritis with Positive Immunoglobulin A-κ Deposits Presenting as Membranous Nephropathy Using Immunoelectron Microscopy: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Li Shishi , Yan Bing , Liu Fanna
Published: June 2023

Fibrillary glomerulonephritis (FGN) is a rare disease characterized by randomly arranged fibrils with a diameter of 10–30 nm on immunoelectron microscopy. Clinically, renal insufficiency, hypertension, hematuria, and proteinuria are the typical symptoms of FGN. Currently, there are limited treatment options for FGN, and transplant recurrence is common. We reported the case of a middle-aged Chinese woman diagnosed with FGN with positive immunoglobulin A-κ deposits presenting as membranous nephropathy.
Inflammation and Fibrosis in Orbital Inflammatory Disease: A Histopathologic Analysis
Authors: Verma Rohan , Chen Allison J. , Choi Dongseok , Wilson David J. , Grossniklaus Hans E. , Dailey Roger A. , Ng John D. , Steele Eric A. , Planck Stephen R. , Czyz Craig N. , Korn Bobby S. , Kikkawa Don O. , Foster Jill A. , Kazim Michael , Harris Gerald J. , Edward Deepak P. , Al Maktabi Azza , Rosenbaum James T.
Published: June 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to compare the histopathologic inflammation and fibrosis of orbital adipose tissue in orbital inflammatory disease (OID) specimens.

Methods:

In this retrospective cohort study, inflammation, and fibrosis in orbital adipose tissue from patients with thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO), granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), sarcoidosis, nonspecific orbital inflammation (NSOI), and healthy controls were scored by 2 masked ocular pathologists. Both categories were scored on a scale of 0 to 3 with scoring criteria based on the percentage of specimens containing inflammation or fibrosis, respectively. Tissue specimens were collected from oculoplastic surgeons at 8 international centers representing 4 countries. Seventy-four specimens were included: 25 with TAO, 6 with orbital GPA, 7 with orbital sarcoidosis, 24 with NSOI, and 12 healthy controls.

Results:

The mean inflammation and fibrosis scores for healthy controls were 0.0 and 1.1, respectively. Orbital inflammatory disease groups’ inflammation (I) and fibrosis (F) scores, formatted [I, F] with respective p-values when compared to controls, were: TAO [0.2, 1.4] (p = 1, 1), GPA [1.9, 2.6] (p = 0.003, 0.009), sarcoidosis [2.4, 1.9] (p = 0.001, 0.023), and NSOI [1.3, 1.8] (p ≤ 0.001, 0.018). Sarcoidosis had the highest mean inflammation score. The pairwise analysis demonstrated that sarcoidosis had a significantly higher mean inflammation score than NSOI (p = 0.036) and TAO (p < 0.0001), but no difference when compared to GPA. GPA had the highest mean fibrosis score, with pairwise analysis demonstrating a significantly higher mean fibrosis score than TAO (p = 0.048).

Conclusions:

Mean inflammation and fibrosis scores in TAO orbital adipose tissue samples did not differ from healthy controls. In contrast, the more “intense” inflammatory diseases such as GPA, sarcoidosis, and NSOI did demonstrate higher histopathologic inflammation and fibrosis. This has implications in prognosis, therapeutic selection, and response monitoring in orbital inflammatory disease.
Bilateral Conjunctival Actinic Granuloma With Necrobiotic Vasculitic Pattern: A Diagnosis of Exclusion
Authors: Vempuluru Vijitha S. , Singla Konica , Milman Tatyana , Eagle Ralph C. , Lally Sara E. , Shields Carol L.
Published: June 2023

A 53-year-old Caucasian male presented with an inflamed-appearing limbal nodule in his OD, clinically compatible with nodular episcleritis, that was unresponsive to topical corticosteroid therapy. Excisional biopsy of the lesion was performed and histopathological examination revealed foci of necrotizing vasculitis and granulomatous inflammation in a background of intense actinic elastosis. Infectious stains for organisms were negative. A comprehensive systemic evaluation for vasculitides was negative. Three years later, the patient returned with a clinically and histopathologically identical lesion in his OS. Systemic evaluation was noncontributory again, and a diagnosis of bilateral conjunctival actinic granuloma with necrobiotic vasculitic pattern was made.
New strategies to Reduce Unnecessary Antibiotic Use in the NICU: A Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Pantoja Alfonso , Sveum Scott , Frost Sandra , Duran Amanda , Burks Jeanne , Schernecke Christi , Feinberg Michelle
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

Early-onset sepsis (EOS) and late-onset Sepsis (LOS) are common diagnoses entertained in sick newborns treated in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), and antibiotics are the medications most prescribed in NICUs. Antibiotic stewardship programs have an important impact on limiting unnecessary antibiotic use.

Methods:

Following the Model for Improvement, between 2/1/16 and 1/31/17, at a level 3 NICU, a multidisciplinary team implemented PDSA cycles to promote antibiotic stewardship practices for newborns at risk of EOS and LOS. The main goal was to decrease the antibiotic usage rate (AUR) safely. Primary strategies included discontinuing antibiotics within 24 hours of life if the newborn was stable, and the blood culture was negative for EOS and implementing an “antibiotic time-out” during rounds.

Results:

For all newborns admitted to our NICU, the AUR decreased, for EOS from 137 to 32 days per 1000 patient days (77% reduction) and for LOS from 277 to 121 days per 1000 patient days (56% reduction). We demonstrated the sustainability of both EOS-AUR and LOS-AUR during the 2 years postcompletion of the intervention period. There were no adverse effects of reducing the AUR.

Conclusion:

Interventions that reduce unnecessary antibiotic use in the NICU are safe and prevent excessive antibiotic exposure.
SEVERE BURN-INDUCED MITOCHONDRIAL RECRUITMENT OF CALPAIN CAUSES ABERRANT MITOCHONDRIAL DYNAMICS AND HEART DYSFUNCTION
Authors: Zhang Ran-Ran , Zhang Jing-Long , Li Qiao , Zhang Shu-Miao , Gu Xiao-Ming , Niu Wen , Zhou Jing-Jun , Zhou Lyu-Chen
Published: June 2023

Mitochondrial damage is an important cause of heart dysfunction after severe burn injury. However, the pathophysiological process remains unclear. This study aims to examine the mitochondrial dynamics in the heart and the role of μ-calpain, a cysteine protease, in this scenario. Rats were subjected to severe burn injury treatment, and the calpain inhibitor MDL28170 was administered intravenously 1 h before or after burn injury. Rats in the burn group displayed weakened heart performance and decreased mean arterial pressure, which was accompanied by a diminishment of mitochondrial function. The animals also exhibited higher levels of calpain in mitochondria, as reflected by immunofluorescence staining and activity tests. In contrast, treatment with MDL28170 before any severe burn diminished these responses to a severe burn. Burn injury decreased the abundance of mitochondria and resulted in a lower percentage of small mitochondria and a higher percentage of large mitochondria. Furthermore, burn injury caused an increase in the fission protein DRP1 in the mitochondria and a decrease in the inner membrane fusion protein OPA1. Similarly, these alterations were also blocked by MDL28170. Of note, inhibition of calpain yielded the emergence of more elongated mitochondria along with membrane invagination in the middle of the longitude, which is an indicator of the fission process. Finally, MDL28170, administered 1 h after burn injury, preserved mitochondrial function and heart performance, and increased the survival rate. Overall, these results provided the first evidence that mitochondrial recruitment of calpain confers heart dysfunction after severe burn injury, which involves aberrant mitochondrial dynamics.