bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tropical peatland carbon storage linked to global latitudinal trends in peat recalcitrance
Authors: Hodgkins Suzanne B. , Richardson Curtis J. , Dommain René , Wang Hongjun , Glaser Paul H. , Verbeke Brittany , Winkler B. Rose , Cobb Alexander R. , Rich Virginia I. , Missilmani Malak , Flanagan Neal , Ho Mengchi , Hoyt Alison M. , Harvey Charles F. , Vining S. Rose , Hough Moira A. , Moore Tim R. , Richard Pierre J. H. , De La Cruz Florentino B. , Toufaily Joumana , Hamdan Rasha , Cooper William T. , Chanton Jeffrey P.
Published: September 2018

Peatlands represent large terrestrial carbon banks. Given that most peat accumulates in boreal regions, where low temperatures and water saturation preserve organic matter, the existence of peat in (sub)tropical regions remains enigmatic. Here we examined peat and plant chemistry across a latitudinal transect from the Arctic to the tropics. Near-surface low-latitude peat has lower carbohydrate and greater aromatic content than near-surface high-latitude peat, creating a reduced oxidation state and resulting recalcitrance. This recalcitrance allows peat to persist in the (sub)tropics despite warm temperatures. Because we observed similar declines in carbohydrate content with depth in high-latitude peat, our data explain recent field-scale deep peat warming experiments in which catotelm (deeper) peat remained stable despite temperature increases up to 9 °C. We suggest that high-latitude deep peat reservoirs may be stabilized in the face of climate change by their ultimately lower carbohydrate and higher aromatic composition, similar to tropical peats.
Necroptosis mediates myofibre death in dystrophin-deficient mice
Authors: Morgan Jennifer E. , Prola Alexandre , Mariot Virginie , Pini Veronica , Meng Jinhong , Hourde Christophe , Dumonceaux Julie , Conti Francesco , Relaix Frederic , Authier Francois-Jerôme , Tiret Laurent , Muntoni Francesco , Bencze Maximilien
Published: September 2018

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe degenerative disorder caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. Dystrophin-deficient muscles are characterised by progressive myofibre necrosis in which inflammation plays a deleterious role. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying inflammation-induced necrosis in muscle cells are unknown. Here we show that necroptosis is a mechanism underlying myofibre death in dystrophin-deficient muscle. RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL are upregulated in dystrophic mouse myofibres. In human DMD samples, there is strong immunoreactivity to RIPK3 and phospho-MLKL in myofibres. In vitro, TNFα can elicit necroptosis in C2C12 myoblasts, and RIPK3 overexpression sensitises myoblasts to undergo TNF-induced death. Furthermore, genetic ablation of Ripk3 in mdx mice reduces myofibre degeneration, inflammatory infiltrate, and muscle fibrosis, and eventually improves muscle function. These findings provide the first evidence of necroptotic cell death in a disease affecting skeletal muscle and identify RIPK3 as a key player in the degenerative process in dystrophin-deficient muscles.
Focused clamping of a single neuronal SNARE complex by complexin under high mechanical tension
Authors: Shon Min Ju , Kim Haesoo , Yoon Tae-Young
Published: September 2018

Neuronal soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) catalyze synaptic vesicle fusion with presynaptic membranes through the formation of SNARE complexes. Complexin (Cpx) is the only presynaptic protein that tightly binds to SNAREs and regulates membrane fusion, but how it modulates the energy landscape of SNARE complex assembly, especially under mechanical tension on the complex, remains unclear. Here, using magnetic tweezers, we report how Cpx interacts with single SNARE complexes. The effects of Cpx manifest only under high mechanical tensions above 13 pN. Cpx stabilizes the central four-helix bundle of SNARE motifs and, at the same time, prevents the complete zippering of SNAREs by inhibiting linker-domain assembly. These results suggest that Cpx generates a focused clamp for the neuronal SNARE complex in a linker-open conformation. Our results provide a hint as to how Cpx cooperates with neuronal SNAREs to prime synaptic vesicles in preparation for synchronous neurotransmitter release.
Analysis By Deep Sequencing of Discontinued Neurotropic Yellow Fever Vaccine Strains
Authors: Beck Andrew S. , Wood Thomas G. , Widen Steven G. , Thompson Jill K , Barrett Alan D. T.
Published: September 2018

Deep sequencing of live-attenuated viral vaccines has focused on vaccines in current use. Here we report characterization of a discontinued live yellow fever (YF) vaccine associated with severe adverse events. The French neurotropic vaccine (FNV) strain of YF virus was derived empirically in 1930 by 260 passages of wild-type French viscerotropic virus (FVV) in mouse brain. The vaccine was administered extensively in French-speaking Africa until discontinuation in 1982, due to high rates of post-vaccination encephalitis in children. Using rare archive strains of FNV, viral RNAs were sequenced and analyzed by massively parallel, in silico methods. Diversity and specific population structures were compared in reference to the wild-type parental strain FVV, and between the vaccine strains themselves. Lower abundance of polymorphism content was observed for FNV strains relative to FVV. Although the vaccines were of lower diversity than FVV, heterogeneity between the vaccines was observed. Reversion to wild-type identity was variably observed in the FNV strains. Specific population structures were recovered from vaccines with neurotropic properties; loss of neurotropism in mice was associated with abundance of wild-type RNA populations. The analysis provides novel sequence evidence that FNV is genetically unstable, and that adaptation of FNV contributed to the neurotropic adverse phenotype.
Deep soils modify environmental consequences of increased nitrogen fertilizer use in intensifying Amazon agriculture
Authors: Jankowski KathiJo , Neill Christopher , Davidson Eric A. , Macedo Marcia N. , Costa Ciniro , Galford Gillian L. , Maracahipes Santos Leonardo , Lefebvre Paul , Nunes Darlisson , Cerri Carlos E. P. , McHorney Richard , O’Connell Christine , Coe Michael T.
Published: September 2018

Agricultural intensification offers potential to grow more food while reducing the conversion of native ecosystems to croplands. However, intensification also risks environmental degradation through emissions of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitrate leaching to ground and surface waters. Intensively-managed croplands and nitrogen (N) fertilizer use are expanding rapidly in tropical regions. We quantified fertilizer responses of maize yield, N2O emissions, and N leaching in an Amazon soybean-maize double-cropping system on deep, highly-weathered soils in Mato Grosso, Brazil. Application of N fertilizer above 80 kg N ha−1 yr−1 increased maize yield and N2O emissions only slightly. Unlike experiences in temperate regions, leached nitrate accumulated in deep soils with increased fertilizer and conversion to cropping at N fertilization rates >80 kg N ha−1, which exceeded maize demand. This raises new questions about the capacity of tropical agricultural soils to store nitrogen, which may determine when and how much nitrogen impacts surface waters.
Comparison of the Rat and Human Dorsal Root Ganglion Proteome
Authors: Schwaid Adam G. , Krasowka-Zoladek Alicja , Chi An , Cornella-Taracido Ivan
Published: September 2018

Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) are a key tissue in the nervous system that have a role in neurological disease, particularly pain. Despite the importance of this tissue, the proteome of DRG is poorly understood, and it is unknown whether the proteome varies between organisms or different DRG along the spine. Therefore, we profiled the proteome of human and rat DRG. We identified 5,245 proteins in human DRG and 4959 proteins in rat DRG. Across species the proteome is largely conserved with some notable differences. While the most abundant proteins in both rat and human DRG played a role in extracellular functions and myelin sheeth, proteins detected only in humans mapped to roles in immune function whereas those detected only in rat mapped to roles in localization and transport. The DRG proteome between human T11 and L2 vertebrae was nearly identical indicating DRG from different vertebrae are representative of one another. Finally, we asked if this data could be used to enhance translatability by identifying mechanisms that modulate cellular phenotypes representative of pain in different species. Based on our data we tested and discovered that MAP4K4 inhibitor treatment increased neurite outgrowth in rat DRG as in human SH-SY5Y cells.
Novel insight into the reaction of nitro, nitroso and hydroxylamino benzothiazinones and of benzoxacinones with Mycobacterium tuberculosis DprE1
Authors: Richter Adrian , Rudolph Ines , Möllmann Ute , Voigt Kerstin , Chung Chun-wa , Singh Onkar M. P. , Rees Michael , Mendoza-Losana Alfonso , Bates Robert , Ballell Lluís , Batt Sarah , Veerapen Natacha , Fütterer Klaus , Besra Gurdyal , Imming Peter , Argyrou Argyrides
Published: September 2018

Nitro-substituted 1,3-benzothiazinones (nitro-BTZs) are mechanism-based covalent inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis decaprenylphosphoryl-β-D-ribose-2′-oxidase (DprE1) with strong antimycobacterial properties. We prepared a number of oxidized and reduced forms of nitro-BTZs to probe the mechanism of inactivation of the enzyme and to identify opportunities for further chemistry. The kinetics of inactivation of DprE1 was examined using an enzymatic assay that monitored reaction progress up to 100 min, permitting compound ranking according to kinact/Ki values. The side-chain at the 2-position and heteroatom identity at the 1-position of the BTZs were found to be important for inhibitory activity. We obtained crystal structures with several compounds covalently bound. The data suggest that steps upstream from the covalent end-points are likely the key determinants of potency and reactivity. The results of protein mass spectrometry using a 7-chloro-nitro-BTZ suggest that nucleophilic reactions at the 7-position do not operate and support a previously proposed mechanism in which BTZ activation by a reduced flavin intermediate is required. Unexpectedly, a hydroxylamino-BTZ showed time-dependent inhibition and mass spectrometry corroborated that this hydroxylamino-BTZ is a mechanism-based suicide inhibitor of DprE1. With this BTZ derivative, we propose a new covalent mechanism of inhibition of DprE1 that takes advantage of the oxidation cycle of the enzyme.
Mechanism(s) of action of heavy metals to investigate the regulation of plastidic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
Authors: De Lillo Alessia , Cardi Manuela , Landi Simone , Esposito Sergio
Published: September 2018

The regulation of recombinant plastidic glucose-6P dehydrogenase from Populus trichocarpa (PtP2-G6PDH - EC 1.1.1.49) was investigated by exposing wild type and mutagenized isoforms to heavy metals. Nickel and Cadmium caused a marked decrease in PtP2-G6PDH WT activity, suggesting their poisoning effect on plant enzymes; Lead (Pb++) was substantially ineffective. Copper (Cu++) and Zinc (Zn++) exposition resulted in strongest decrease in enzyme activity, thus suggesting a physiological competition with Magnesium, a well-known activator of G6PDH activity. Kinetic analyses confirmed a competitive inhibition by Copper, and a mixed inhibition by (Cd++). Mutagenized enzymes were differently affected by HMs: the reduction of disulfide (C175–C183) exposed the NADP+ binding sites to metals; C145 participates to NADP+ cofactor binding; C194 and C242 are proposed to play a role in the regulation of NADP+/NADPH binding. Copper (and possibly Zinc) is able to occupy competitively Magnesium (Mg++) sites and/or bind to NADP+, resulting in a reduced access of NADP+ sites on the enzyme. Hence, heavy metals could be used to describe specific roles of cysteine residues present in the primary protein sequence; these results are discussed to define the biochemical mechanism(s) of inhibition of plant plastidic G6PDH.
Interplay of α/β-Relaxation Dynamics and the Shape of Ionomer Building Blocks
Authors: Matos Bruno R. , Politano Rodolfo , Rey José Fernando Q. , Hermida-Merino Daniel , Schade Ulrich , Puskar Ljiljana , Fonseca Fabio C.
Published: September 2018

The relation between the α/β relaxations and the shape of the building blocks of ionomer materials is a key factor for programming an important temperature-dependent property: the memory of shape. However, the morphology of ionomers is indirectly obtained via modeling of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data owing to the hardly accessible image characterization of the nanometric building blocks ‒ micelle-like cylindrical polymeric aggregates (radius ~2–6 nm and length >100 nm). Herein, broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) measurements, free from electrode polarization effects, allowed identifying the time and temperature dependence of the polarization of different length scales of the ionomer matrix, and more importantly, by directly providing the aspect ratio of the radius and length of the polymeric aggregates for each desired temperature. This finding is essential for controlling the shape of ionomer based functional products under several stimuli conditions, thereby advancing remarkable applications, such as four dimensional (4D) printing.
Matrin-3 is essential for fibroblast growth factor 2-dependent maintenance of neural stem cells
Authors: Niimori-Kita Kanako , Tamamaki Nobuaki , Koizumi Daikai , Niimori Daisuke
Published: September 2018

To investigate the mechanisms underlying the maintenance of neural stem cells, we performed two-dimensional fluorescence-difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) targeting the nuclear phosphorylated proteins. Nuclear phosphorylated protein Matrin-3 was identified in neural stem cells (NSCs) after stimulation using fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2). Matrin-3 was expressed in the mouse embryonic subventricular and ventricular zones. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of Matrin-3 caused neuronal differentiation of NSCs in vitro, and altered the cerebral layer structure of foetal brain in vivo. Transfection of Matrin-3 plasmids in which the serine 208 residue was point-mutated to alanine (Ser208Ala mutant Matrin3) and inhibition of Ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM kinase), which phosphorylates Matrin-3 Ser208 residue, caused neuronal differentiation and decreased the proliferation of neurosphere-forming stem cells. Thus, our proteomic approach revealed that Matrin-3 phosphorylation was essential for FGF2-dependent maintenance of NSCs in vitro and in vivo.
An original design of remote robot-assisted intubation system
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Tao Yuanfa , Tao Xiandong , Chen Jianglong , Jin Yifeng , Shan Zhengxiang , Tan Jiyang , Cao Qixin , Pan Tiewen
Published: September 2018

The success rate of pre-hospital endotracheal intubation (ETI) by paramedics is lower than physicians. We aimed to establish a remote robot-assisted intubation system (RRAIS) and expected it to improve success rate of pre-hospital ETI. To test the robot’s feasibility, 20 pigs were intubated by direct laryngoscope or the robot system. Intubation time, success rate, airway complications were recorded during the experiment. The animal experiment showed that participants achieved a higher success rate in absolute numbers by the robot system. In summary, we have successfully developed a remote robot-assisted intubation system. It is promising for RRAIS to improve the success rate of pre-hospital ETI and change the current rescue model.
Author Correction: Evaluation of cell penetrating peptide coated Mn:ZnS nanoparticles for paclitaxel delivery to cancer cells
Authors: Rejinold N. Sanoj , Han Yunho , Yoo Jisang , Seok Hae Yong , Park Ji Ho , Kim Yeu-Chun
Published: September 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Investigation of the hydrophobic and acoustic properties of bio windmill palm materials
Authors: Chen Changjie , Wang Zhong , Zhang You , Bi Ming , Nie Kaiwei , Wang Guohe
Published: September 2018

Windmill palm fibers are an abundant lignin-cellulose fiber resource. Single palm fibers can be prepared using an alkali treatment method. However, these fibers have hydrophilic surfaces, and following drying the fibers exhibit serious aggregation. This limits their application as acoustic materials. In this work, both alkali and acetylation treatments were used to modify the characteristics of windmill palm fibers. These treatments caused the surface of the fibers to become hydrophobic and increased the specific area and free vacuum space of the fibers, thus lowering energy loss. Scanning electron microscope observations combined with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the acetylation treatment resulted in the substitution of hydroxyl groups with acetyl groups, and the formation of nanoscale pores (10~50 nm). The results of the moisture-absorption and contact-angle tests showed that the moisture regain value decreased to 3.86%, and the contact angle increased to above 140° after acetylation treatment. The average sound absorption coefficients of the alkalized and acetylated nonwoven fabrics were 0.31 and 0.36, respectively. The masses of the acetylated samples were 50% those of the windmill palm sheath samples.
Early postoperative controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score is associated with complication III-V after hepatectomy in hepatocellular carcinoma: A retrospective cohort study of 1,334 patients
Authors: Li Lei , Liu Chang , Yang Jiayin , Wu Hong , Wen Tianfu , Wang Wentao , Li Bo , Yan Lvnan
Published: September 2018

Postoperative complication III-V is closely related with hepatectomy-related mortality for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between CONUTS and postoperative complication III-V. 1334 HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy were divided into two groups: high CONUTS group (early postoperative CONUTS ≥ 8, n = 659) and low CONUTS group (early postoperative CONUTS < 8, n = 675). The characteristics and clinical outcomes were compared and analyzed. Risk factors for postoperative complication III-V were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis. early postoperative CONUTS showed a good prediction ability for postoperative complication III-V (AUROC = 0.653, P < 0.001), with the cut-off value of 8. The high CONUTS group had higher incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (12.0% vs 7.9%, P = 0.011), bile leakage (2.6% vs 0.9%, P = 0.018), intra-abdominal hemorrhage (4.9% vs 1.6%, P = 0.001), postoperative liver failure Grade C (3.6% vs 1.0%, P = 0.002), complication III-V (15.6% vs 6.2%, P < 0.001), length of ICU stay > 48 hours (9.4% vs 4.1%, P < 0.001) and mortality in 90 days (2.6% vs 0.4%, P = 0.001), longer period of postoperative hospitalization (10 (8–13) vs 9 (7–11) days, P < 0.001). Multivariable analysis revealed that early postoperative CONUTS ≥ 8 (OR = 2.054, 95%CI = 1.371–3.078, P < 0.001) was independently associated with postoperative complication III-V. Early postoperative CONUTS ≥ 8 was identified as a novel risk factor for postoperative complication III-V, and should be further evaluated as a predictive marker for who are to undergo liver resection.
Expression of novel nitrate reductase genes in the harmful alga, Chattonella subsalsa
Authors: Wang Yanfei , Bouchard Josée N. , Coyne Kathryn J.
Published: September 2018

Eukaryotic nitrate reductase (NR) catalyzes the first step in nitrate assimilation and is regulated transcriptionally in response to external cues and intracellular metabolic status. NRs are also regulated post-translationally in plants by phosphorylation and binding of 14-3-3 proteins at conserved serine residues. 14-3-3 binding motifs have not previously been identified in algal NRs. A novel NR (NR2-2/2HbN) with a 2/2 hemoglobin domain was recently described in the alga Chattonella subsalsa. Here, a second NR (NR3) in C. subsalsa is described with a 14-3-3 binding motif but lacking the Heme-Fe domain found in other NRs. Transcriptional regulation of both NRs was examined in C. subsalsa, revealing differential gene expression over a diel light cycle, but not under constant light. NR2 transcripts increased with a decrease in temperature, while NR3 remained unchanged. NR2 and NR3 transcript levels were not inhibited by growth on ammonium, suggesting constitutive expression of these genes. Results indicate that Chattonella responds to environmental conditions and intracellular metabolic status by differentially regulating NR transcription, with potential for post-translational regulation of NR3. A survey of algal NRs also revealed the presence of 14-3-3 binding motifs in other algal species, indicating the need for future research on regulation of algal NRs.
Implications for the impairment of the rapid channel closing of Proteomonas sulcata anion channelrhodopsin 1 at high Cl− concentrations
Authors: Tsukamoto Takashi , Kikuchi Chihiro , Suzuki Hiromu , Aizawa Tomoyasu , Kikukawa Takashi , Demura Makoto
Published: September 2018

Natural anion channelrhodopsins (ACRs) have recently received increased attention because of their effectiveness in optogenetic manipulation for neuronal silencing. In this study, we focused on Proteomonas sulcata ACR1 (PsuACR1), which has rapid channel closing kinetics and a rapid recovery to the initial state of its anion channel function that is useful for rapid optogenetic control. To reveal the anion concentration dependency of the channel function, we investigated the photochemical properties of PsuACR1 using spectroscopic techniques. Recombinant PsuACR1 exhibited a Cl− dependent spectral red-shift from 531 nm at 0.1 mM to 535 nm at 1000 mM, suggesting that it binds Cl− in the initial state with a Kd of 5.5 mM. Flash-photolysis experiments revealed that the photocycle was significantly changed at high Cl− concentrations, which led not only to suppression of the accumulation of the M-intermediate involved in the Cl− non-conducting state but also to a drastic change in the equilibrium state of the other photo-intermediates. Because of this, the Cl− conducting state is protracted by one order of magnitude, which implies an impairment of the rapid channel closing of PsuACR1 in the presence of high concentrations of Cl−.
Survival predictors in elderly patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Kao Kuo-Chin , Hsieh Meng-Jer , Lin Shih-Wei , Chuang Li-Pang , Chang Chih-Hao , Hu Han-Chung , Wang Chiu-Hua , Li Li-Fu , Huang Chung-Chi , Wu Huang-Pin
Published: September 2018

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has a high mortality rate in intensive care units (ICU). The elderly patients remain to be increased of ICU patients. The aim is to investigate the survival predictors of elderly patients with ARDS. We reported a prospective observational cohort research, including the patients with ARDS between October 2012 and May 2015. Demographic, comorbidities, severity, lung mechanics, laboratory data and survival outcomes were analyzed. A total of 463 patients with ARDS were ≥65 years old were enrolled and analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) [odds ratio (OR) 1.111, 95% CI 1.010–1.222, p = 0.031], Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (OR 1.127, 95% CI 1.054–1.206, p < 0.001) and peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) (OR 1.061, 95% CI 1.024–1.099, p = 0.001) which were independently associated with hospital mortality. Regarding the subgroups patients as 65–74 years old, 75–84 years old and ≥85 years old, the baseline characteristics were not significant difference and the hospital mortality rates were also not significant difference. In conclusion, CCI, SOFA score and PIP were identified as survival predictors in elderly patient with ARDS. Assessing comorbidities with CCI is essential in predicting the survival for elderly patients with ARDS.
Transcriptome analysis of differentially expressed unigenes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis during flower development of Chrysanthemum morifolium ‘Chuju’
Authors: Yue Junyang , Zhu Chuanxue , Zhou Yu , Niu Xiangli , Miao Min , Tang Xiaofeng , Chen Fadi , Zhao Weiping , Liu Yongsheng
Published: September 2018

Chrysanthemum morifolium is an ornamentally and medicinally important plant species. Up to date, molecular and genetic investigations have largely focused on determination of flowering time in the ornamental species. However, little is known about gene regulatory networks for the biosynthesis of flavonoids in the medicinal species. In the current study, we employed the high-throughput sequencing technology to profile the genome-wide transcriptome of C. morifolium ‘Chuju’, a famous medicinal species in traditional Chinese medicine. A total of 63,854 unigenes with an average length of 741 bp were obtained. Bioinformatic analysis has identified a great number of structural and regulatory unigenes potentially participating in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. According to the comparison of digital gene expression, 8,370 (3,026 up-regulated and 5,344 down-regulated), 1,348 (717 up-regulated and 631 down-regulated) and 944 (206 up-regulated and 738 down-regulated) differentially expressed unigenes (DEUs) were detected in the early, middle and mature growth phases, respectively. Among them, many DEUs were implicated in controlling the biosynthesis and composition of flavonoids from the budding to full blooming stages during flower development. Furthermore, the expression patterns of 12 unigenes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis were generally validated by using quantitative real time PCR. These findings could shed light on the molecular basis of flavonoid biosynthesis in C. morifolium ‘Chuju’ and provide a genetic resource for breeding varieties with improved nutritional quality.
Parallel fabrication of spiral surface structures by interference pattern of circularly polarized beams
Authors: Nakata Yoshiki , Yoshida Masataka , Miyanaga Noriaki
Published: September 2018

Mass migration of photo-isomeric azo-polymers occurs according to the light intensity gradient, and the morphological surface structure can be fabricated by the artificial distribution of light by applying the interference properties of coherent laser light. Recently, the optical radiation force has played an important role in the morphology for dielectric targets, and chiral structures have been fabricated according to the spirally gathering force distribution that arises due to the electric susceptibility. On the contrary, interference laser processing has been applied to process the surface or interior of the material, and nano- or micro-structures in the lattice have been fabricated in a single exposure to the interference pattern. The unit structures are mostly axisymmetric nanowhiskers, nanodrops and nanobumps, among others. In this experiment, interference laser processing of an azo-polymer dielectric target using a circularly polarised continuous-wave (CW) laser was examined, and a spiral structure was successfully fabricated. From the viewpoint of laser processing method, an optical spiral radiation force was introduced in interference laser processing for the first time.
A ratiometric Raman probe for live-cell imaging of hydrogen sulfide in mitochondria by stimulated Raman scattering
Authors: Zeng Chen , Hu Fanghao , Long Rong , Min Wei
Published: September 2018

We develop a ratiometric Raman probe for visualizing hydrogen sulfide in living cells as the first alkyne-based sensor for SRS microscopy.
Entwined dimer formation from self-complementary bis-acridiniums
Authors: Jacquot de Rouville Henri-Pierre , Zorn Nathalie , Leize-Wagner Emmanuelle , Heitz Valérie
Published: September 2018

The self-assembling entwined dimer of a bis-acridinium tweezer has been investigated in organic and aqueous media.
Synthesis of phthalic acid derivatives via Pd-catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation of aromatic C–H bonds with alkyl chloroformates
Authors: Liao Gang , Chen Hao-Ming , Shi Bing-Feng
Published: September 2018

A Pd(ii)-catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation of benzamide β-C–H bonds and 2-phenylacetamide γ-C–H bonds with alkyl chloroformates has been reported.
Harnessing asymmetric N-heterocyclic carbene ligands to optimise SABRE hyperpolarisation
Authors: Wong Chin Min , Fekete Marianna , Nelson-Forde Rhianna , Gatus Mark R. D. , Rayner Peter J. , Whitwood Adrian C. , Duckett Simon B. , Messerle Barbara A.
Published: September 2018

The catalytic signal amplification by reversible exchange process is used widely to improve the magnetic resonance detectability of small molecules by hyperpolarisation.
Novel self-adaptive boat-shaped complexes with a tetraphosphine ligand
Authors: Yue Kai , Guo Yi-He , Pan Jia-Qing , He Kai , Qiao Yuan-Yuan , Li Qing-Shan , Xu Feng-Bo
Published: September 2018

A series of novel boat-shaped host–guest complexes were designed and synthesized by the combination of a new calixarene fragment-based tetraphosphine ligand L with group 11 metal salts and by the following anion exchange reactions.
On the consequences of the stereochemical activity of the Bi(iii) 6s2 lone pair in cyclen-based complexes. The [Bi(DO3A)] case
Authors: Pujales-Paradela Rosa , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Aurora , Gayoso-Padula Antonella , Brandariz Isabel , Valencia Laura , Esteban-Gómez David , Platas-Iglesias Carlos
Published: September 2018

The spatial arrangement of donor atoms in Bi(iii) cyclen derivatives modulates the orientation and activity of the 6s2 lone pair.
Photophysical properties of a D–π-A Schiff base and its applications in the detection of metal ions
Authors: Kang Yang , Liao Zhuang , Wu Min , Li Sai , Fang De-Cai , Zheng Xiang-Jun , Jin Lin-Pei
Published: September 2018

AIEE-active D–π-A Schiff-base H2L is stimuli-sensitive and acts as a dual channel chemosensor for Cu2+ ions and naked-eye probes for Mn2+ ions.
Contrasting effects of bioturbation on metal toxicity of contaminated sediments results in misleading interpretation of the AVS–SEM metal-sulfide paradigm
Authors: Remaili Timothy M. , Yin Naiyi , Bennett William W. , Simpson Stuart L. , Jolley Dianne F. , Welsh David T.
Published: September 2018

The intensity of organism bioturbation complicates the assessment of risk of toxicity when applying the AVS–SEM paradigm. Increased bioturbation in oxidised sediments (SEM > AVS) resulted in less toxicity to amphipod reproduction and greater toxicity in sulfidic sediments (AVS > SEM).
Enhanced upconversion emission in air using novel stretched poly(vinyl alcohol) thin films
Authors: Mori Takeshi , Mori Tomohiro , Saito Akane , Koishi Hideyuki , Nakamoto Chikanobu , Fujii Akira , Saomoto Hitoshi
Published: September 2018

The mechanical stretching process enhances the upconversion emission of chromophore-blended poly(vinyl alcohol) films under an air atmosphere.
meta-Bridged calix[4]arenes with the methylene moiety possessing in/out stereochemistry of substituents
Authors: Slavík P. , Eigner V. , Lhoták P.
Published: September 2018

Calix[4]arenes possessing two different substituents on an additional methylene bridge were prepared and the relationship between the in/out positions of these substituents and the complexation properties was studied.
Selective hydrogenation of quinolines into 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines over a nitrogen-doped carbon-supported Pd catalyst
Authors: Ren Yongshen , Wang Yanxin , Li Xun , Zhang Zehui , Chi Quan
Published: September 2018

In this study, we have prepared a nitrogen-doped carbon supported Pd catalyst with abundant porous structures (abbreviated as Pd/CN) for the hydrogenation of quinolines.
Giant resistive switching in mixed phase BiFeO3via phase population control
Authors: Edwards David , Browne Niall , Holsgrove Kristina M. , Naden Aaron B. , Sayedghaee Sayed O. , Xu Bin , Prosandeev Sergey , Wang Dawei , Mazumdar Dipanjan , Duchamp Martial , Gupta Arunava , Kalinin Sergei V. , Arredondo Miryam , McQuaid Raymond G. P. , Bellaiche Laurent , Gregg J. Marty , Kumar Amit
Published: September 2018

Giant resistive switching is achieved through control of mixed-phase microstructures in BiFeO3via different stimuli.
Visualising nanoscale restructuring of a cellular membrane triggered by polyelectrolyte microcapsules
Authors: Chen Yuxiu , Sukhorukov Gleb B. , Novak Pavel
Published: September 2018

Simultaneous time-lapse imaging of topography and elastic modulus of microcapsule internalisation reveals distinct nanoscale restructuring of membrane protrusions.
Magnetic nanoparticles loaded with functional RNA nanoparticles
Authors: Cruz-Acuña Melissa , Halman Justin R. , Afonin Kirill A. , Dobson Jon , Rinaldi Carlos
Published: September 2018

RNA nanoparticle constructs complexed with polyethylenimine-coated iron oxide nanoparticles are protected from enzymatic degradation and knockdown is amplified by magnetic stimulus in mammalian cells.
In situ electrodeposition of polypyrrole onto TaSe2 nanobelts quasi-arrays for high-capacitance supercapacitor
Authors: Wang Min , Zhang Li , Zhong Yujia , Huang Meirong , Zhen Zhen , Zhu Hongwei
Published: September 2018

Three-dimensional TaSe2/polypyrrole quasi-arrays are prepared by surface-assisted chemical vapor transport method and in situ electrodeposition and used as electrodes for high performance supercapacitors.
Directed self-assembly of a high-chi block copolymer for the fabrication of optical nanoresonators
Authors: Rasappa Sozaraj , Schulte Lars , Ndoni Sokol , Niemi Tapio
Published: September 2018

In this paper, we report on the fabrication of optical nanoresonators using block copolymer lithography.
Triptycene molecular rotors mounted on metallofullerene Sc3C2@C80 and their spin–rotation couplings
Authors: Meng Haibing , Zhao Chong , Nie Mingzhe , Wang Chunru , Wang Taishan
Published: September 2018

Molecular machines have received considerable attention due to their various applications.
Genomics-driven discovery of a linear lipopeptide promoting host colonization by endofungal bacteria
Authors: Niehs Sarah P. , Scherlach Kirstin , Hertweck Christian
Published: September 2018

The linear lipopeptide holrhizin is an important mediator of the Burkholderia-Rhizopus interaction that promotes bacterial colonization of the fungal host.
Photo-driven morphological transformations of supramolecular polymers actuated by an overcrowded alkene switch
Authors: Liang Wen-Jing , Yu Jing-Jing , Zhang Qi , Ma Chang-Shun , Shi Zhao-Tao , Qu Da-Hui
Published: September 2018

A novel light-responsive supramolecular polymer was actuated by an overcrowded alkene switch. transOAS-Upy could form well-defined nanospheres in chloroform, which would be transformed into worm-like assemblies after UV irradiation.
High quantum yield and unusual photoluminescence behaviour in tetrahedral manganese(ii) based on hybrid compounds
Authors: Wei Yan-Li , Jing Jing , Shi Chao , Ye Heng-Yun , Wang Zhong-Xia , Zhang Yi
Published: September 2018

High quantum yields and unusual luminescence characteristics were successfully achieved by regulating the organic cations in tetrahedral manganese(ii) complexes.
A renaissance of ligand-to-metal charge transfer by cerium photocatalysis
Authors: Zhao Rong , Shi Lei
Published: September 2018

Diverse alcohols, serving as substrates or co-catalysts, and Ce(iv) achieve photoinduced LMCT to generate highly active alkoxy radicals, which opens a new avenue for many difficult HAT reactions.
One-step formation of three-dimensional macroporous bacterial sponges as a novel approach for the preparation of bioreactors for bioremediation and green treatment of water
Authors: Al-Jwaid Areej K. , Berillo Dmitriy , Savina Irina N. , Cundy Andrew B. , Caplin Jonathan L.
Published: September 2018

A novel method of crosslinking live bacteria into a stable 3D porous structure and its subsequent use in phenol degradation is reported.
How critical is geometrical confinement? Analysis of spatially and temporally resolved particulate matter removal with an electrostatic precipitator
Authors: Wang Ching-Yu , Hsu Cheng-Che
Published: September 2018

This study investigates the spatial and temporal dispersion of particulate matter (PM) when using a needle-type electrostatic precipitator (ESP).
Potassium iodide–polyethylene glycol catalyzed cycloaddition reaction of epoxidized soybean oil fatty acid methyl esters with CO2
Authors: Liu Wei , Lu Guanghui , Xiao Bing , Xie Chenfei
Published: September 2018

Nowadays, the clean production of bio-based products and fixation of carbon dioxide (CO2) are highly desirable.
Combining parallel pattern generation of electrohydrodynamic lithography with serial addressing
Authors: Boudoire F. , Partel S. , Toth R. , Heier J.
Published: September 2018

Via different electrode addressing schemes in electrohydrodynamic lithography, different patterns were generated.
Covalent organic nanosheets for bioimaging
Authors: Das Gobinda , Benyettou Farah , Sharama Sudhir Kumar , Prakasam Thirumurugan , Gándara Felipe , de la Peña-O’Shea Victor A. , Saleh Na'il , Pasricha Renu , Jagannathan Ramesh , Olson Mark A. , Trabolsi Ali
Published: September 2018

Non-toxic covalent organic nanosheet-based fluorescent nuclear stains.
Boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) with meso-perfluorinated alkyl substituents as near infrared donors in organic solar cells
Authors: Li Tian-yi , Benduhn Johannes , Li Yue , Jaiser Frank , Spoltore Donato , Zeika Olaf , Ma Zaifei , Neher Dieter , Vandewal Koen , Leo Karl
Published: September 2018

Three furan-fused BODIPYs were synthesized with perfluorinated alkyl substitutes on the meso-C. As NIR absorbers, a PCE of 6.4% was achieved in a single junction organic solar cell with relatively low energy losses.
Investigation of real polarization resistance for electrode performance in proton-conducting electrolysis cells
Authors: Huan Daoming , Wang Wanhua , Xie Yun , Shi Nai , Wan Yanhong , Xia Changrong , Peng Ranran , Lu Yalin
Published: September 2018

An equivalent circuit has firstly been proposed to evaluate proton-conducting electrolysis cells for their intrinsic electrode performance concealed by electronic conduction in electrolyte.
Enormous suppression of phonon transport in silicon nanowires with five-fold twin boundary
Authors: Gao Yufei , Zhou Yanguang , Hu Ming
Published: September 2018

The five-fold twin boundary not only leads to much more intense boundary scattering, but also results in vibrational hybridization.
Enzymatically cross-linked hydrogels based on a linear poly(ethylene glycol) analogue for controlled protein release and 3D cell culture
Authors: Wang Danni , Yang Xiaowei , Liu Qiong , Yu Lin , Ding Jiandong
Published: September 2018

An injectable PEG-based hydrogel is designed using an enzyme as a catalyst, and its potential as a delivery platform for proteins and cells is demonstrated.
Blue-emitting bis-tridentate Ir(iii) phosphors: OLED performances vs. substituent effects
Authors: Kuo Hsin-Hung , Hsu Ling-Yang , Tso Jen-Yung , Hung Wen-Yi , Liu Shih-Hung , Chou Pi-Tai , Wong Ken-Tsung , Zhu Ze-Lin , Lee Chun-Sing , Jen Alex K.-Y. , Chi Yun
Published: September 2018

Dependence of external quantum efficiency (EQE) and radiative decay lifetime of blue-emitting OLED is established with photostable, bis-tridentate Ir(iii) emitters, giving max. EQE and luminescence of 12.2% and 18 980 cd m−2, and with CIEx,y coordinates between (0.16, 0.22) and (0.17, 0.27).
Insight into chirality on molecular stacking for tunable ultralong organic phosphorescence
Authors: Ma Chaoqun , Ma Huili , Ling Kun , Zheng Ruilin , Gu Mingxing , Song Lulu , An Zhongfu , Shi Huifang , Huang Wei
Published: September 2018

A new levorotatory compound ((S)-9,9′-(6-(1-phenylethoxy)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)bis(9H-carbazole)) and its corresponding racemic compound show different intermolecular interactions to restrain nonradiative transition, resulting in an enhanced ultralong organic phosphorescence lifetime from 229.0 ms to 419.8 ms.
Inhibition of calpain-1 stabilizes TCF11/Nrf1 but does not affect its activation in response to proteasome inhibition
Authors: Nowak Karolin , Taubert Ramona M. , Haberecht Stefanie , Venz Simone , Krüger Elke
Published: September 2018

Protein degradation is essential to compensate for the damaging effects of proteotoxic stress. To ensure protein and redox homeostasis in response to proteasome inhibition, the cleavage and nuclear translocation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-bound transcription factor TCF11/Nrf1 (NFE2L1) is crucial for the activation of rescue factors including the synthesis of new proteasomal subunits. Even though TCF11/Nrf1 is an essential transcription factor, the exact mechanisms by which it is activated and stabilized are not fully understood. It was previously shown that the calcium-dependent protease calpain-1 interacts with TCF11/Nrf1 and the TCF11/Nrf1 cleavage site is a potential calpain target. Here, we tested the hypothesis that calpain-1 or -2 cleave TCF11/Nrf1. However, we did not find a role for calpain-1 or -2 in the activation of TCF11/Nrf1 after proteasome inhibition neither by using chemical inhibitors nor siRNA-mediated knockdown or overexpression of calpain subunits. Instead, we found that TCF11/Nrf1 is digested by calpain-1 in vitro and that calpain-1 inhibition slows down the degradation of membrane-bound TCF11/Nrf1 by the proteasome in cultured cells. Thus, we provide evidence that calpain-1 is involved in the degradation of TCF11/Nrf1. Furthermore, we confirmed DDI2 as an essential factor for TCF11/Nrf1 activation and demonstrate an undefined role of DDI2 and calpain-1 in TCF11/Nrf1 stability.
Children's Consonant Acquisition in 27 Languages: A Cross-Linguistic Review
Authors: McLeod Sharynne , Crowe Kathryn
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The aim of this study was to provide a cross-linguistic review of acquisition of consonant phonemes to inform speech-language pathologists' expectations of children's developmental capacity by (a) identifying characteristics of studies of consonant acquisition, (b) describing general principles of consonant acquisition, and (c) providing case studies for English, Japanese, Korean, and Spanish.

Method

A cross-linguistic review was undertaken of 60 articles describing 64 studies of consonant acquisition by 26,007 children from 31 countries in 27 languages: Afrikaans, Arabic, Cantonese, Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Haitian Creole, Hebrew, Hungarian, Icelandic, Italian, Jamaican Creole, Japanese, Korean, Malay, Maltese, Mandarin (Putonghua), Portuguese, Setswana (Tswana), Slovenian, Spanish, Swahili, Turkish, and Xhosa.

Results

Most studies were cross-sectional and examined single word production. Combining data from 27 languages, most of the world's consonants were acquired by 5;0 years;months old. By 5;0, children produced at least 93% of consonants correctly. Plosives, nasals, and nonpulmonic consonants (e.g., clicks) were acquired earlier than trills, flaps, fricatives, and affricates. Most labial, pharyngeal, and posterior lingual consonants were acquired earlier than consonants with anterior tongue placement. However, there was an interaction between place and manner where plosives and nasals produced with anterior tongue placement were acquired earlier than anterior trills, fricatives, and affricates.

Conclusions

Children across the world acquire consonants at a young age. Five-year-old children have acquired most consonants within their ambient language; however, individual variability should be considered.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6972857
Improving Hickson-like compact group finders in redshift surveys: an implementation in the SDSS
Authors: Díaz-Giménez Eugenia , Zandivarez Ariel , Taverna Antonela
Published: September 2018

Aims.In this work we present an algorithm to identify compact groups (CGs) that closely follows Hickson’s original aim and that improves the completeness of the samples of compact groups obtained from redshift surveys.

Methods.Instead of identifying CGs in projection first and then checking a velocity concordance criterion, we identify them directly in redshift space using Hickson-like criteria. The methodology was tested on a mock lightcone of galaxies built from the outputs of a recent semi-analytic model of galaxy formation run on top of the Millennium Simulation I after scaling to represent the first-yearPlanckcosmology.

Results.The new algorithm identifies nearly twice as many CGs, no longer missing CGs that failed the isolation criterion because of velocity outliers lying in the isolation annulus. The new CG sample picks up lower surface brightness groups, which are both looser and with fainter brightest galaxies, missed by the classic method. A new catalogue of compact groups from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey is the natural corollary of this study. The publicly available sample comprises 462 observational groups with four or more galaxy members, of which 406 clearly fulfil all the compact group requirements: compactness, isolation, and velocity concordance of all of their members. The remaining 56 groups need further redshift information of potentially contaminating sources. This constitutes the largest sample of groups that strictly satisfy all the Hickson’s criteria in a survey with available spectroscopic information.
A catalogue of dense cores and young stellar objects in the Lupus complex based on Herschel Gould Belt Survey observations
Authors: Benedettini M. , Pezzuto S. , Schisano E. , André P. , Könyves V. , Men’shchikov A. , Ladjelate B. , Di Francesco J. , Elia D. , Arzoumanian D. , Louvet F. , Palmeirim P. , Rygl K. L. J. , Schneider N. , Spinoglio L. , Ward-Thompson D.
Published: September 2018

Context. How the diffuse medium of molecular clouds condenses in dense cores and how many of these cores will evolve in protostars is still a poorly understood step of the star formation process. Much progress is being made in this field, thanks to the extensive imaging of star-forming regions carried out with the Herschel Space Observatory.

Aims. The Herschel Gould Belt Survey key project mapped the bulk of nearby star-forming molecular clouds in five far-infrared bands with the aim of compiling complete census of prestellar cores and young, embedded protostars. From the complete sample of prestellar cores, we aim at defining the core mass function and studying its relationship with the stellar initial mass function. Young stellar objects (YSOs) with a residual circumstellar envelope are also detected.

Methods. In this paper, we present the catalogue of the dense cores and YSOs/protostars extracted from the Herschel maps of the Lupus I, III, and IV molecular clouds. The physical properties of the detected objects were derived by fitting their spectral energy distributions.

Results. A total of 532 dense cores, out of which 103 are presumably prestellar in nature, and 38 YSOs/protostars have been detected in the three clouds. Almost all the prestellar cores are associated with filaments against only about one third of the unbound cores and YSOs/protostars. Prestellar core candidates are found even in filaments that are on average thermally subcritical and over a background column density lower than that measured in other star-forming regions so far. The core mass function of the prestellar cores peaks between 0.2 and 0.3 M⊙, and it is compatible with the log-normal shape found in other regions. Herschel data reveal several, previously undetected, protostars and new candidates of Class 0 and Class II with transitional disks. We estimate the evolutionary status of the YSOs/protostars using two independent indicators: the α index and the fitting of the spectral energy distribution from near- to far-infrared wavelengths. For 70% of the objects, the evolutionary stages derived with the two methods are in agreement.

Conclusions. Lupus is confirmed to be a very low-mass star-forming region, in terms of both the prestellar condensations and the diffuse medium. Noticeably, in the Lupus clouds we have found star formation activity associated with interstellar medium at low column density, usually quiescent in other (more massive) star-forming regions.