bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Morbidity Profile and Health-Seeking Behaviour of Older Adults in a Rural Field Practice Area of a Tertiary Health Care Centre of Western Maharashtra
Authors: Kale Kalpana M  , Aswar Nandkeshav R  , Mujumdar Harshawardhan N
Published: April 2024

Background: The diseases prevalent in the older adults need to be identified and their early diagnosis andtreatment is facilitated by a good health seeking behaviour. The present study was conducted with the objective of assessing the morbidity profile and health-seeking behaviour of older adults residing in the rural field practice area of a tertiary health care centre of Western Maharashtra.Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, 660 older adults were selected from the study population using systematic random sampling with population proportionate to sample size and assessed using a predesigned and pretested questionnaire and clinical examination. Data entry and analysis was done in Microsoft Excel.Conclusion: The major co-morbidities found in these older people were hypertension (49.4%), diabetes mellitus (43.3%), anaemia (26.1%) and cataract (15.6%). 13.0%study participants had symptoms like fever, cough, diarrhoea ,joint pain, etc. and out of these, 26 participants were not getting treatment. Health education regarding the importance of getting treatment during times of illness is necessary to bring about a change in their health-seeking behaviour.
Evaluation of the Impact of Screen Time and Parental Play on Children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder in Comparison with Normal Children
Authors: Fidal Hastro P  , Mukkala Prajwala
Published: April 2024

Background: There is a decremental trend seen in parental play in recent times, and there is a mounting trend in screen exposure in children. This changing trend in parental play and screen time exposure may affect child social and communication domains.Objective: To assess the impact of screen time and parental play in children with autism spectrum disorder.Methodology: This is a comparative cross sectional study with a sample of 60 children. Thirty children of age group 2-6 years diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder as per DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) attending child guidance Clinic, Government Hospital for Mental care were included in the study.The Parental Play Questionnaire assessed parental play in children. The Digital Screen Exposure Questionnaire(DSEQ) evaluated child screen time exposure. The severity of ASD was assessed by using the CARS scale.Results: Out of thirty samples with Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), 60% of children had moderate ASD, while 20% accounted for mild and severe ASD. Nearly 53.3% of ASD children had a frequency of watching smartphones more than 5 times a week with an average duration of more than 2 hours a day. In contrast, in normal children, only 6.7% have such frequency and an average time of watching smartphones less than 1 hour, significant with a p-value of <0.001. Among the ASD group, 80% of children had active physical parent-child play frequency of less than twice a week. In normal children, about 60% had a frequency of parent-child play several times daily.(p-value <0.001). About 66.7% of ASD children never had to pretend play, and 30% had pretend play once a week.Conclusion: The result showed significantly higher screen time exposure and lack of parental play in childrenwith ASD than in normal children. The need of this digital era is mounting concern about reducing screen time exposure and increasing parental play in childhood.
Osseous Metaplasia of the Breast: A Series of Rare Cases
Authors: Rajashree Pradhan  , Madhumita Paul  , Arindam Bandopadhyay  , Sajeeb Mondal
Published: April 2024

Osseous metaplasia is a reversible condition in which non-osseous soft tissue is replaced by bone. This is most commonly seen in musculoskeletal system and central nervous system. Osseous metaplasia in breast is a rare event. In this case series, we have reported 4 cases of osseous metaplasia of breast. 1 case of Osseous metaplasia in benign phyllodes tumor, 1 case of Osseous metaplasia in fibroadenoma, 1 case of Osseous metaplasia in invasive breast carcinoma and 1 extremely rare case of Osseous metaplasia of breast presenting as breast lump without any other associated pathology. Since osseous metaplasia of breast is a rare phenomenon, this entity specially in association with benign breast disease conditions pose a great challenge for accurate diagnosis.
Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients and Risk Factors for Shortness of Breath: A Cross-Sectional Study in Bangladesh
Authors: Muhammad Zakaria
Published: April 2024

Background: Exploring the clinical characteristics, and risk factors for severe complications among COVID-19-positive patients has been helpful in identifying the most vulnerable communities to which public healthpractitioners should pay special attention. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients, and risk factors for shortness of breath among COVID-19-positive patients in Chattogram, Bangladesh.Materials and Methods: Data were collected using a structured and facilitator-administered questionnaire among the COVID-19-positive patients (N = 408). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the predictors of outcome variables. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 24.0.Results: It was revealed that at least one comorbidity was found among about half of the study participants,while the most prevalent symptoms of COVID-19 patients consisted of fever, cough, loss of taste, loss of smell, fatigue, and sore pain. In addition, Azithromycin is a more common treatment in our country. The multivariate logistic regression displays the COVID-19 patients aged more than 50 years (AOR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.13-3.71) and respondents with cardiovascular disease (AOR = 4.60, 95% CI: 1.51-8.58) and the second wave of the coronapandemic (AOR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.06-2.99) were reported as a risk factor for having shortness of breath among the virus-infected people.Conclusion: The findings explored an empirical and practical basis for exploring the risk factors for severecomplications of COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, evidence from this study might play a key role in providingpolicymakers with research-based evidence in their continuous effort to prevent the COVID-19 pandemic.
Usefulness of Umbilical Cord Nucleated RBC as a Prognostic Marker of Neonate Born to Pregnancy Induced Hypertension Mother in Resource Limiting Settings
Authors: Nupur Goel  , Preeti Dwivedi  , Davinder Singh  , Manish Chopra
Published: April 2024

Background: Pregnancy induced hypertension are multi-system disorders of the mother that affect the fetusbecause of utero-placental insufficiency. These neonates may also have a spectrum of hematological changes which may add to the existing morbidity in them. objectives: To correlate cord Nucleated red blood cells and neonatal outcome in Pregnancy induced hypertension.Materials and method: The study was conducted in the Mata Chanan Devi Hospital, Janakpuri, New Delhi. A total of 55 cases and 55 controls of newborns fulfilling the inclusion criteria. The mother’s antenatal records were examined to rule out the Pre-Existing maternal medical illness. History of drug intake and complianceof treatment was recorded. Results: Cord blood nucleated red blood cells was significantly raised inneonates born to PIH mothers (>13 NRBC/100 WBC) compared to normotensive mothers and also hadsignificantly higher incidence of Low birth weight, Hypoglycemia, Respiratory distress and Asphyxia.Conclusion: NRBC count can be used as a simple tool where expertise not available and accordingly can plan the interventions. It is a special boon in a rural care center, where advanced diagnostic modalities are unaffordable or inaccessible. Umbilical cord NRBC count it correlates well with neonatal outcome.
An Observational Study on Port-site Infection and its Management in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Kamalika Ghosh  , Sandip Kumar Ghosh  , Priyabrata Shit  , Ajay Halder
Published: April 2024

Background: With increasing number of performed laparoscopic cholecystectomies, there is an increasing number ,of port site infection, although it occurs infrequently, but it has significant influence on overall outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The aims of the present study was to identify the causative organism involved in port-site infection (PSI) and its management and outcome after laparoscopic cholecystectomy objectives and to evaluate causative organism involved in port site infection after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Materials & Methods: Patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy and now presenting with PSIin General Surgery OPD and Emergency of Burdwan Medical College and Hospital. Thorough clinical historytaking followed by swabs was taken for culture and sensitivity in all patients who developed port site infection after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Tissue samples were taken for detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis by CBNAAT. All patients were followed up for 6 months post operatively. Incidence of PSI in relation to gender, pre-operative diagnosis, spillage, relation with different port sites and the type of microorganism associated was evaluated and compared with previous study.Results: In the present study 90 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 19 patients reported port site infection after surgery, whereas the remaining 71 patients had uneventful post operative period. Out of the 19 infected 7 were male [25% of total male cases] and 12 were female [19% of total female cases]. Cases of port site infection were 21% of total cases. Conclusion: The incidence of PSI was higher in cases of acutely inflamed GB, biliary spillage, open port creation, avoidance of endo-bag, and in comorbidities. They were managed with either antibiotics, dressing or surgical exploration.
Investigating the Impact of Psychological Interventions in Response to Depression, Stress, Anxiety, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Cognitive Functioning in Covid-19 Recovered Patients
Authors: Dasgupta, G  , Roy P  , Acharya R.P  , Malik. N.  , Mullick. C  , Talukdar. A.
Published: April 2024

The COVID-19 outbreak, in addition to the threat to physical health, may also negatively affect mental health.In this study, we intended to study the changes in psychological parameters in covid-19 recovered patients after they get the psychological intervention. This study conducted in three phases. In the first phase, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - 21 (DASS-21), Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Checklist PCL-5 and Montreal Cognitive Assessment were administered on a total of 477 covid-19 recovered patients. After a gap of 3 months, through clinical interview it was found out that 220 patients needed intervention. In the second phase of the study, psychological intervention was given to 190 patients. In the final phase, after a gap of three months from the intervention phase, all the tests were re-administered on the patients. Data were scored and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Result showed that significant difference was found in the score of depression, anxiety, stress and PTSD. Depression, anxiety, stress, PTSD scores were significantly reduced after intervention. (p < 0.01). No significant difference was observed between the MOCA score. These findings of the study suggest that, psychological intervention may have a beneficial effect on COVID-19 patients’ mental health.
A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study Regarding Quality of Life among Medical Students During MBBS Course at Government Medical College and Rajindra Hospital, Patiala (Punjab)
Authors: Sowmiya Nehrudurai  , Simmi Oberoi  , Ravinder Khaira  , Virender Verma
Published: April 2024

Introduction: In order to prevent and treat the syndemic of lifestyle diseases and other non-communicablediseases, following healthy lifestyle and improving the overall quality of life is of utmost important. Healthylifestyle behaviours are positively and independently associated with academic achievement.[1] Hence this study is trying to estimate the quality of life of medical students at Government Medical College (Patiala), whose lifestyle will be percolated in turn into their family and field of practice.Aims and objectives: To evaluate the Quality of Life (QOL) and find association between QOL and academic achievements.Material and methods: A 26 item WHO QOL- BREF scale was used to collect data from 326 MBBS students from Government Medical College and Rajindra Hospital, Patiala.Results: Out of 326 MBBS students, 54% were female 46% were male. Majority of the students were hailing from urban area (93%) as compared to rural area(7%). The average scores in each domain of WHOQOL – BREF were 63.71 in Physical health domain, 61.51 in psychological domain, 57.91 in social relationship domain and 53.7 in environment domain. There was no significant association between academic scores and different domain scores of WHOQOL-BREF scale.Conclusion: Majority of the students perceived their quality of life to be good to very good (66%). 48% of students felt their health to be satisfied to very satisfied. The average score of WHOQOL BREF in physical and psychological domains were above 60 (63.71, 61.51 respectively), whereas it was less than 60 in social and environmental domain (57.91 and 53.7 respectively). There was no significant association between academic scores and different domain scores of WHOQOL-BREF scale.
Association of Heamoglobin Concentration during Pregnancy with Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Suha Abduljaleel Wadi
Published: April 2024

The prevalence of gestational diabetes is rapidly rising, ranging from 9 to 26% of pregnancies globally. Muchevidence has shown that hyperglycemia during pregnancy not only increases perinatal morbidity and mortality in both mothers and children but also increases features of disease later. A case control study carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Al-Elwiya Teaching Hospital in Baghdad-Iraq during a period of one year from 1st of December 2021 till end of November 2022. It included 80 pregnant women with singleton pregnancy with viable fetus and gestational age ≥28 weeks and receiving iron supplement from the 2nd trimester of pregnancy or earlier. They were divided into two groups: Case group included 40 pregnant women who had diagnosed with gestational diabetes and control group included 40 healthy pregnant women without any complaint matched with the case group in age and gestational age. First trimester hemoglobin level taken from the medical records during antenatal care. In our study, Pregnant women with gestational diabetes had significantly higher mean of first trimester hemoglobin level compared with controls (12.04g/dl versus 10.99g/dl, p=0.001). First trimester hemoglobin level was found to be significant independent risk factor for greater likelihood of gestational diabetes. Higher hemoglobin level during pregnancy were associated with increased risk of gestational diabetes.
Taste Dysfunction and its Relationship to HbA1C Level and Disease Duration in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Autonomic Neuropathy
Authors: Vijay Bavkubhai Vala  , Rajan Rameshbhai Kakaiya  , Ruchita Ashokbhai Jethva  , Pradeep Jivanbhai Baraiya
Published: April 2024

Background and Aim: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) effect quality of life very much and causes variouscomplications. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy (DAN) is one of the common complications in diabetes. Thuspresent study was aimed at determining taste dysfunction in a population of T2DM subjects and its correlation with HbA1c level.Material and Methods: This was an observational cross sectional study which was carried over a period of one year in the department of medicine, Tertiary care institute of India. The 100 patients of T2DM with autonomicneuropathy and 100 healthy controls were taken for the study. Autonomic neuropathy was assessed clinically.Chemical taste test using four solutions of basic tastes (sweet, sour, salty, bitter) were done.Results: There was a significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of HbA1c (%) (p≤0.05), with the median HbA1c (%) being highest in the chemical taste dysfunction: sweet: yes group. Strength of association (Point- Biserial correlation)=0.49. There was a significant difference between the various groups in terms of distribution of chemical taste dysfunction: Sweet (p≤0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of duration of T2DM (years) (p>0.05).Conclusion: The study found a significant correlation between taste dysfunction and HbA1C level and bloodsugar fasting level in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Alteration in taste was mainly for sweet. Sour, and bitter did not show any difference in case groups compared to controls.
Add-on Vitamin E in Improving Treatment Outcomes in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Prospective Interventional Study
Authors: Rudra Paul  , Shatavisa Mukherjee  , Sharmistha Basu  , Nilanjan Sengupta
Published: April 2024

Background: Neuropathy is one of the most common long-standing complications of diabetes, affecting over 50% of the diabetic individuals. Managing DPN and its complications involves comprehensive care and a multidisciplinary approach. Besides pharmacological treatments, botanicals and dietary supplements that have also been found to improve symptoms of DPN without affecting glucose control. The possible role of vitamin E in the management of DPN have been postulated in various studies. The present study thus aimed to prospectively assess whether add-on treatment with vitamin E can improve treatment outcomes in diabetic peripheral neuropathy.Methods: The study included newly diagnosed patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy for a period of initial two months. Patients were randomly allocated to either standard treatment Group (Group A) or the interventionGroup (Group B). As a part of intervention, patients received vitamin E 400mg once daily in addition to thestandard of care. Efficacy Parameters measured at baseline, 6 months and 12 months included changes in visual analog scoring, mean pain score, brief pain inventory and patient’s global impression of change. Treatment safety, quality of life and treatment adherence was assessed. Data was statistically analysed.Result: The study included a total of 100 patients, 50 patients in each Group. Significantly higher decrease of glycaemic measures was noted for Group B compared to Group A in terms of PPPG and serum creatinine, however, there was comparable change in HbA1c and FPG for both Groups. There was comparable significant reduction in mean VAS scoring at 6 and 12 months for Group B. Considering all the efficacy measures, there was highest reduction for the pain interference in the intervention arm (Group B), in comparison to Group A. (p<0.001). Quality of life measures and mean adherence scoring significantly increased for treatment group B as compared to A at both 6 months and 12 months of study assessments. No major safety concerns were reported during the study period.Conclusion: Our study noted that addition of vitamin E as an added supplementation to the standard of careshowed benefits in terms of patient reported reduced pain interference and pain perception, which also significantly improved overall quality of life in these patients.
АРХИТЕКТУРА ЖИЛИЩА МАЛЫХ ИСТОРИЧЕСКИХ ГОРОДОВ СЕВЕРНОГО ТАДЖИКИСТАНА
Authors: Зокиров Р.Ш.
Published: April 2024

Малый город, как доступный среда во всех градостроительных спецификах имеет характерных особенности по сравнению сел, больших и крупных городов. В статье рассматривается особой специфики формирование жилой среды с необходимым общественной инфраструктурной средой, градостроительные требование связанным историческими традициями малых городов Северного Таджикистана.
АРХИТЕКТУРА РЕКОНСТРУИРУЕМЫХ ЖИЛЫХ ДОМОВ МАЛЫХ ИСТОРИЧЕСКИХ ГОРОДОВ
Authors: Зокиров Р.Ш.
Published: April 2024

Сохранение архитектуры прошлого для будущих поколений с возможностью дополнения ее новыми возможностями в соответствии с современными требованиями считается одним из актуальных вопросов в области архитектуры и градостроительства
КОМОРБИДНЫЕ НЕЙРОКОГНИТИВНЫЕ НАРУШЕНИЯ В ДИНАМИКЕ ВИЧ-ИНФЕКЦИИ
Authors: Улюкин И.М. , Сечин А.А. , Орлова Е.С.
Published: April 2024

В настоящем исследовании рассмотрены некоторые вопросы взаимосвязи механизмов развития нейрокогнитивных нарушений вследствие потребления алкоголя в динамике ВИЧ-инфекции с целью уточнения улучшения медико-психологического сопровождения больных и поддержания санитарно-эпидемиологического благополучия общества
ОБЕСЦЕНИВАНИЕ ПРОФЕССИИ: ЛОГОПЕДА, ДЕФЕКТОЛОГА, ПСИХОЛОГА/ НЕЙРОПСИХОЛОГА, ПЕДАГОГА
Authors: Почкаева Т.В.
Published: April 2024

в статье затронуты профессиональные и любительские или курсовые знания в работе с детьми ОВЗ (разной нозологии). Сравнение и вред, который может нанести любитель, даже со стажем работы
АНАЛИЗ ОПРЕДЕЛЕННЫХ СВОЙСТВ ЭЛЕКТРОЛИТОВ ДЛЯ ФОРМАМИДНЫХ РАСТВОРОВ
Authors: Керимова Р.К.
Published: April 2024

Как известно, формамид – растворитель, мягчитель для бумаги, входит в состав мазей для бальзамирования. Сырье для синтеза муравьиной кислоты. Он растворяет казеин, желатин, животный клей. Формамид хорошо растворяется в воде, низших спиртах, ацетоне, феноле, хлороформе, не растворяется в углеводородах. Формамид хороший растворитель для неорганических солей. В статье анализируется особенности формамидных растворов электролитов.
СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ УДОВЛЕТВОРЕННОСТИ КАЧЕСТВОМ СТОМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ПОМОЩИ НА ПЛАТНОМ И БЮДЖЕТНОМ ПРИЕМЕ
Authors: Бакшаев Ф.А. , Зарипова Э.М. , Федяева З.А.
Published: April 2024

В настоящем исследовании проведено анкетирование пациентов на платном и бюджетном стоматологическом приемах с целью сравнительного анализа удовлетворенности качеством стоматологической помощи.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ТИПА ТЕЛОСЛОЖЕНИЯ НА МОЛОЧНУЮ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ КОРОВ
Authors: Литвиненко Н.В.
Published: April 2024

Изучен уровень молочной продуктивности коров в зависимости от типа телосложения. Выявлено, что тип телосложения коров оказывает влияние на уровень молочной продуктивности и воспроизводительные способности коров. Доказано, что коровы широкотелого типа телосложения обладают наилучшими показателями молочной продуктивности и воспроизводительной способности.
НАТУРАЛЬНЫЕ И СОСТАВНЫЕ ФУНКЦИИ
Authors: Груздов А.В. , Березин С.В. , Березин А.В. , Березин П.В.
Published: April 2024

Открыты: функции – ультралэмб, ультрарадикал, ультралогарифм, гипернатуральная функция; ядерные умножения – слияние и внедрение; закон локализации корней алгебраических уравнений. Разработана таблица функций. Показано, как узнавать степенной ряд и радиус его сходимости, некоторые тождества и свойства функции, зная только номер строки или столбца ячейки, в которой она располагается.
THE IMPACT OF EXCHANGE RATE ON BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
Authors: OLOGBENLA PATRICK
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study is to look at the relationship between the exchange rate and the balance of payments. The article is divided into five chapters: chapter 1 offers a fundamental overview of the subject, chapter 2 gives a summary of the pertinent literature, and chapter 3 describes the technique in more detail. The ordinary least square regression (ols) technique will be used to assess the R-squared test (explanatory power of the variables), the economic apriori criteria, and the D.W test, which is the econometric criterion for testing for the presence of an auto-regressive scheme. The result the impacts of the exchange rate on the nation’s balance of payment can be described to be weak and negative (β = -0.0518 p = 0.041, where p < 0.05). The researcher hereby rejects the null hypothesis to accept the alternate hypothesis which states that there is a weak negative relationship between exchange rate and balance of payment in Nigeria.
AN APPRAISAL OF LEGAL RESPONSES TO GAS FLARING AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA
Authors: EZEKIEL AYO TOSIN
Published: April 2024

This paper aims to identify and evaluate the legal responses to the challenges of gas flaring and greenhouse emission management in Nigeria. In Nigeria, there is a need to combat the problem of indiscriminate flaring of gas to provide a safe environment for yet-unborn generations. Gas flaring has resulted in the extinction of species in the environment, and once species are depleted to the point of extinction, they cannot be renewed; as a result, the loss of these plant and animal species will make it difficult for future generations to meet their needs. As a result, it is critical to protect these resources to ensure long-term development. In the face of pollution and environmental degradation, maintaining the environment will be a difficult and debilitating challenge to the ecosystem. Exploration of oil and gas has therefore become an environmental albatross in the Nigerian oil and gas industry. The discharge or flaring of gases from exploration sites pollutes the air, water, and soil. The overreliance on fossil fuels to power cars, industrial machinery and home energy sources in Nigeria has created a risk for petroleum resources, threatening long-term growth. The paper thus introduces the incidences of gas flaring in Nigeria, highlights a brief review of opinions and scholars’ perspectives on the subject and the overview of the challenges of gas flaring and greenhouse gas emission in Nigeria, and explores the impacts of gas flaring in the Nigeria Delta area and the Nigerian ecosystem. The paper finds that there are a number of challenges with the operation, administration and content of the existing legal frameworks and mechanisms available to combat gas flaring and greenhouse gas emissions in Nigeria and there is a need for improvement, to ensure they engender proper clean-up and remediation. The paper concluded by stating that there exists a need to strike a healthy balance between economic development and sustainable development and this can only be achieved if there is a political will on the part of the Nigerian federal government to enforce its anti-gas flaring laws to guarantee energy security and ensure a safe, clean, and healthy environment for all and sundry in Nigeria whilst giving recommendations on the need for effective management, capture, re-use and conversion of flared gases into a power-lean-and-clean project and the regulation/administration of greenhouse emission in Nigeria.
Fail-i Meçhul Mısralar
Authors: Yüksel Tuğba Nurcan
Published: April 2024

-
Comparison between Outcomes of Open and Arthroscopic Fixation of Tibial Spine Avulsion Fractures
Authors: Sohail Muhammad Amir , Bashir Amna , Amjad Mahnoor , Afzal Muhammad Bilal , Raza Javed Hassan
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to compare the functional outcomes of fragment reduction and to measure the rate of postoperative complications between arthrotomy (ORIF) and arthroscopy(ARIF) pediatric tibial spine avulsion fractures using the Lysholm knee scoring system (limp, pain swelling, climbing stairs) and IKDC subjective knee evaluation form.
METHODS:
This Comparative Study was conducted at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jinnah Hospital Lahore, between 2021-2022. A total of 42 patients who had tibial spine avulsion fracture with follow-up of 6 months were included. Twenty-one patients were treated with ORIF, and 21 were treated with ARIF. Functional outcomes were assessed using the IKDC score and LYSHOLM score (Follow-up rate was 95 %). Radiographic findings of patients were recorded, and a statistical study was done. The level of significance was set at <0.05.
RESULTS: The study revealed that out of 42 Participants, 36(85.71%) males and 6 (14.29 %) females participated in the survey with the age range of 8-16 years with a mean age of 12.02± (2.53) years. Out of 42 Participants, 22 (52.4%) had motor vehicle accidents with type 3(38.1%) and 4(54.8%) modified Meyers and Mckeever fracture classification. At the end of the follow-up period, the mean IKDC score was 90.52 + 1.50 (p = 0.00, CI = 95%). The Lysholm score was 90.676.11 compared to the last follow-up (p=0.20, CI = 95%). Compared to ORIF, only 5(11.9%) patients complained of post-op infection or vascular injury.
CONCLUSION: This study observed better functional outcomes in arthroscopic reduction and immobilization than in open reduction internal fixation. Arthroscopy for TSAF decreases the risk of arthrofibrosis and minimizes morbidities and better management of symptoms. Compared to OIRF, ARIF showed good content validity for the IKDC and Lysholm scales.
Comparative Analysis of Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (Fast) and Computed Tomography (Ct) for Renal Injury Detection in Trauma Patients
Authors: Rabbani Nida , Anjum Humaira , Iftikhar Samia
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) in detecting renal injuries compared to computed tomography (CT) as the gold standard.
METHODOLOGY
This cross-sectional study was conducted from 2022 to 2023 at the Department of Radiology, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. The sample size was 139. The sonographic examination and computed tomography were performed.
RESULTSThe mean age was 38 years ± 13.81. 100(72%) patients were male while 39(28%) were female. FAST had a sensitivity of 85%, specificity of 57.14%, positive predictive value of 97.42%, negative predictive value of 16.66%, and diagnostic accuracy of 83.61%.  
CONCLUSION
FAST has reasonable sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for detecting free fluid in traumatic renal injury patients.
Comprehension of Long-Term Medications in Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Kap Study
Authors: Malik Suleman Elahi , Kanwal Shaista , Haider Iqbal , Javed  Javeria , Iqbal Yasir , Bibi Sidra
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES
The study aimed to assess the comprehension of long-term medications in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
METHODOLOGY
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar, Pakistan, a region with potentially low literacy rates that could affect health outcomes. After acquiring approval from the Institutional Ethical Review Board, the study utilized an appropriately designed and validated questionnaire to collect data from 305 willing participants. The questionnaire assessed demographic information, comorbid conditions, and comprehension of long-term medications.
RESULTSThe mean age of the patients was 58.52 ± 10.3 years, with a mean HbA1c of 9.15 ± 2.1%. Regarding T2DM treatment, 55.1% used oral anti-diabetic agents, 34.4% used insulin, and 10.2% used both. The complications were diabetic retinopathy (40.7%), chronic kidney disease (28.9%), diabetic foot ulcers (24.9%), cerebrovascular disease (16.7%), and cardiovascular disease (16.6%). Over 50% had T2DM for more than five years. Regarding affordability and access to healthcare, 8.2% couldn't afford medications, 44.9% occasionally missed medicines due to cost, and 74.4% had easy access to healthcare. Comorbidities included hypertension (47.5%) and dyslipidemia (12.8%).
CONCLUSION
Medication comprehension is crucial for T2DM patients’ health outcomes. Tailored interventions can improve glycemic control and reduce complications risk.
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Pregnancy Causes and Incidence
Authors: Ali Sadia , Ghani Nafeesa , Ali Ziad , Ali Yamna
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES
This study aims to provide an understanding of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy by examining its frequency, causative agent, and potential strategies for detection and management.
METHODOLOGY
A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PGMI Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, from July to December 2022. The study included 117 antenatal patients with varying gestational periods attending the OPD. Patients with a history of antibiotic therapy, urinary frequency and dysuria, vaginal discharge, renal tract anomalies, and medical disorders were excluded. Demographic details were recorded, and urine samples were collected and cultured. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22.
RESULTSThe incidence of asymptomatic bacteriuria was 25.5%, among 117 women, with E. coli (53.3%) the most common pathogen responsible for the infection, followed by Klebsiella (36.7%) and staphylococcus (10%).CONCLUSIONBacteriuria without causing any symptoms is quite common in pregnancy. Simple measures like screening early in pregnancy can timely detect positive cases and with targeted treatment, both maternal and neonatal morbidity can be curtailed.
Medical Disorders in Pregnancy Among Inpatients at a Tertiary Level Hospital of Peshawar (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa)
Authors: Akhtar Rubina , Karim Rukhsana , Kishwar Nasreen , Safdar Saba
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to determine the prevalence, type, and demographic makeup of pregnancy-related medical conditions among patients receiving treatment in a tertiary care facility.
METHODOLOGY
The Monocentric retrospective impact study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of MTI, Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar, from January to December 2022. Case records of all pregnant women (n=1811) with previous or recently developed medical conditions treated during the study period were collected from the records / medical registers, and all the information was recorded in a pre-structured proforma. All women with previous or recently developed medical conditions treated during the study were included. All pregnant women without any medical conditions were excluded. Data was analyzed using simple statistical measures, and the results were presented as frequency percentages. Prior approval from the institution’s ethical committee was obtained to conduct the study.
vRESULTSAmong 6327 antenatal admissions, 1811 (28.62%) women had medical disorders. The most common medical disorder was PIH, reported in 384 (21.20%) of the females, followed by RH incompatibility and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) seen in 235 (12.98%) and 205 (11.32%) females, respectively. Other notable medical conditions include UTI in 170 (9.39%), Chronic HTN in 134 (7.40%), iron deficiency anemia in 122 (6.74%), and pre-eclampsia in 100 (5.52%) of women.
CONCLUSION
Pre-existing medical conditions in pregnancy are not uncommon. Early recognition of acute illness and treatment of chronic conditions in pregnancy is of clear benefit and needs to be managed to arrest any adversaries to the mother and fetus.
Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis at District Mohmand
Authors: Shehzad Kashif , Ullah Imran , Durrani Ayesha , Ali Numan , Sabir Sara , Zarif Faiza , Begum Ranaz
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES
This study aims to determine Cutaneous Leishmaniasis’s epidemiological and clinical characteristics (CL) in the Mohmand district.
METHODOLOGY
This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at District Headquarters (DHQ) Ghallanai, District Mohmand, involving 360 patients with cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Individuals with coinfections or other skin diseases were intentionally excluded. Data, including gender, age, socio-economic status, size, site, and number of lesions, were recorded. CL was compared among age groups, gender, and socio-economic status using the chi-square test.
\RESULTSThe mean age was 10.72 ± 5.94 years, with 137 (38.06%) females and 223 (61.94%) males. Most patients suffering from CL had a low socio-economic status (n=175, 48.61%), followed by the middle (n=126, 35%). A minority reported a habit of sleeping on the ground (n=43, 11.94%). About 53 (14.72%) had multiple lesions. The location of lesions varied, with 66 (18.33%) on the arm, 229 (63.61%) on the head, neck, and face, and 65 (18.06%) on the leg. The association of the number of lesions (p=0.61), size of the lesion (p=0.47), and location of the lesion (p=0.27) was not statistically significant. Multiple lesions of CL were more common in the low socio-economic group (n=30, 56.6%) than in the middle (n=10, 18.8%) and high-class (n=13, 24.6%) groups, and the results were statistically significant (p=0.019). Most lesions were on the head, neck, and face, with the highest percentage in the low socio-economic group (66.86%). The rate of lesions on the leg was highest in the middle socio-economic group (19.84%), followed by the low (12.57%) and high (30.51%) groups. The differences in location were statistically significant (p=0.032).
CONCLUSION
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) disproportionately affects children, particularly males and those with lower socio-economic status. We observed a notable link between lesion characteristics and socio-economic status.
Frequency of Indications for Transthoracic Echocardiography (Tte) in Non-Cardiac Patients in Peshawar, Pakistan
Authors: Mehr Muhammad Tariq , Ishfaq Muhammad
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to find the frequency of indications for Transthoracic echocardiography and its impact on non-cardiac patient management in Peshawar, Pakistan.
METHODOLOGY
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Medical B Ward, Department of Internal Medicine at Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan, over six months from July to 31st December 2020. A non-consecutive probability sampling technique was used. The sample size was calculated using an Openepi calculator, keeping 25.9 % as the frequency of requesting heart failure as an indication of echocardiography, 6.15 % as the confidence limit, and 95 % as a confidence interval.
RESULTSA total of 195 patients were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 483 years, with 59% females and 41% males. The major indication for TTE was assessing left ventricular systolic function in 146 (75%) patients and then finding the cause of the observed arrhythmias in 15 (7.5%) patients. A major proportion (95%) of the evaluated patients had no major change in the ongoing management plan following TTE. The working diagnosis in evaluated patients was changed by 12.7%, whereas new management plans were devised in only 4.9% of the cases.
CONCLUSION
Designing a randomized study to fully elaborate on the utility of TTE in patients admitted to acute medical wards while trying to address all confounding variables is an extremely difficult task.
Role of Case-Based Discussion as Workplace-Based Assessment Tool in Urology and General Surgery
Authors: Shahzadi Shimee , Shah Muhammad , Ali Liaqat , Adeeb Humera , Jamil Brekhna
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES
To determine the effectiveness of case-based discussion in terms of medical record-keeping, clinical reasoning, clinical judgment, and self-reflection in the management of patients.
METHODOLOGY
A multidisciplinary descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Urology Institute of Kidney Diseases, Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar, and Department of General Surgery, Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar, Pakistan, from January to December 2023. A total number of 20 postgraduate residents, ten from Urology and General Surgery, participated in the study with equal male and female participants. Case-based discussion (CBD) assessments focused on medical record-keeping, clinical Decision-making, clinical judgment, management, follow-up, and reflective writing. The data was collected on structured proforma and was analyzed on SPSS-25.
RESULTSThe total number of study participants was 20, and 410 Case-Based Discussion sessions were conducted. This constitutes an average of 4.8 assessments per week. Most encounters were related to medical clinical decisions and management. The case-based discussion showed significant improvement on the Likert scale of the supervisor’s rating, which extended over four quarters on all major parameters of formative assessment (p 0.001). The multimodal regression test showed significant enhancement in learning parameters on case-based discussions. R2=0.172 F ration=25.141 n=410 (p=0.001). There was no significant difference in the gender of residents as well as training specialty of  residents of urology and general surgery (p >0.05).
CONCLUSION
A case-based discussion is an effective tool for formative assessment of Urology and General Surgery postgraduate residents.
Genealogía del Pecado y el Perdón en Stiffelio de Verdi, un Leitmotive entre la Música, la Religión y la Hermenéutica
Authors: Aranda Espinosa Francisco
Published: April 2024

Este ensayo filosófico interdisciplinario explora la genealogía del pecado y el perdón en la ópera Stiffelio de Giuseppe Verdi, destacando la habilidad del compositor para desarrollar personajes complejos y expresar emociones a través de la música. Se defiende a Verdi como un creador inspirado, conectado a grandes obras literarias de su tiempo. Su enfoque audaz en temas sociales y éticos demuestra su profunda comprensión de la condición humana, trascendiendo las imágenes estereotipadas asociadas a sus orígenes e ideología.
Educación Ambiental en Instituciones Educativas Colombianas: Un Instrumento para Avanzar hacia el Desarrollo Sostenible
Authors: González Barajas Leidy Judith , Martínez García Nicolas
Published: April 2024

Este artículo tiene por objeto realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre las principales falencias que, según diversos autores, se presentan en el desarrollo de la Educación Ambiental en las instituciones educativas colombianas, teniendo en cuenta los Proyectos Ambientales Escolares (PRAE) y el modelo pedagógico implementado en las aulas de clase. Para realizar el estudio se consultaron diferentes bases de datos como: Google Académico, Scielo, Scopus y Springer y se utilizaron términos precisos acorde al tema de interés. La información obtenida, permite deducir que los resultados alcanzados en Educación Ambiental no han sido los esperados debido, especialmente a tres factores: uno, se toma como una asignatura más del currículo escolar; dos, no se tienen en cuenta los aspectos sociales y tres, no se ha desarrollado desde una adecuada pedagogía y didáctica. Se finaliza el artículo concluyendo que, al ser la Educación Ambiental una herramienta imprescindible para alcanzar el desarrollo sostenible se requiere, para su apropiada ejecución, contar con una escuela que implemente modelos pedagógicos constructivistas que: fomenten la participación de los estudiantes, favorezcan la construcción de formas adecuadas de tratar las problemáticas ambientales y, a la vez, promuevan cambios en la manera de pensar y de actuar en favor del medio ambiente.
Factores Sociodemográficos y Redes de Apoyo Asociados a la Violencia de Género Hacia las Mujeres en el Ámbito Familiar Durante la Pandemia por Covid-19
Authors: Morales Cordero Karla Verónica , Reyes Estrada Claudia Araceli , Gutiérrez Hernández Rosalinda , Herrera Martínez Juan Lamberto , Rochin Berumen Fabiola Lydie , Calderón Ibarra Alejandro
Published: April 2024

En la presente investigación, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los factores asociados a la violencia de género hacia las mujeres durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional, analítico y transversal. Se aplicaron 167 encuestas a mujeres con parejas mayores de 18 años que acudieron a consulta médica en el centro de salud de Tierra y Libertad en Guadalupe, Zacatecas, previa obtención de su consentimiento. Los resultados revelaron que las mujeres entre los 30 y 49 años presentaron una mayor propensión a sufrir violencia por parte de sus parejas, con un porcentaje del 43.6%. Por otro lado, el grupo de mujeres de 18 a 29 años también mostró una alta prevalencia de violencia de género, con un 42.5 %. Estos hallazgos destacan la necesidad de abordar y prevenir la violencia de género durante la pandemia, especialmente en estos grupos de edad que parecen ser más vulnerables. Es fundamental implementar estrategias de prevención y apoyo dirigidas a estas mujeres, con el objetivo de proteger su bienestar y promover entornos libres de violencia.
Conocimientos y Actitudes del Personal de Enfermería Frente a las Medidas de Bioseguridad en un Hospital Público
Authors: Valdiviezo Castro Rebeca Elizabeth , Fajardo Duran Gerald Josep
Published: April 2024

El objetivo de este articulo es determinar el grado de conocimiento y actitudes del personal de enfermería frente a las medidas de bioseguridad en un hospital público. Este estudio se enfoca en el uso correcto de los equipos de protección personal y la exposición constante que se encuentra el personal de enfermería a riesgos de infecciones y accidentes laborales. El estudio realizado se basa en un enfoque cuantitativo, tipo descriptivo con corte transversal, el universo de estudio consideró un Hospital Público del Ecuador, la población consistió en 135 profesionales de enfermería, y para la muestra se tomó en cuenta el total de la población bajo un muestro no probabilístico, denominado por conveniencia, para la técnica de recolección de datos se hizo uso de la encuesta. En base a ello, el análisis estadístico de los resultados se lo realizó con la organización y presentación de tablas simples, a partir del programa SPSS. En este estudio se pude demostrar la existencia de un grado de desconocimiento mínimo el 4% por parte del personal de enfermería, que omiten el cambio de guantes, el lavado de manos y el uso de equipo de protección completo, por falta de insumos o no se tiene el conocimiento adecuado.
A INCIDÊNCIA E PREVALÊNCIA DA FISIOTERAPIA NAS ENFERMARIAS DO HOSPITAL DAS CLÍNICAS DE TERESÓPOLIS COSTANTINO OTTAVIANO (HCTCO)
Authors: Neves Gabriel Campos , Klem Miriana Carvalho , Vianna Mariana da Conceição , Moura Igor Jones Antunes de , Pereira Thiago Klem , Oti Karla da Costa Braz
Published: April 2024

O fisioterapeuta atua de forma eficiente nas enfermarias hospitalares e sua atuação no pré e pós-operatório de cirurgias cardíacas, ortopédicas, bariátricas, entre outras, é notória como de grande importância, demonstrando de forma segura e efetiva a melhora dos resultados funcionais do enfermo, principalmente a nível de consciência, independência funcional, aumento de força e resistência muscular. Objetivo: Avaliar a incidência e a prevalência da fisioterapia nas enfermarias do HCTCO,no período de agosto 2022 a outubro de 2022,  bem como sua importância frente à reabilitação de diversas patologias existentes neste cenário. Metodologia: Estudo clínico, observacional, quantitativo e retrospectivo, realizado por meio da análise dos prontuários de pacientes internados na enfermaria Hospital das Clínicas de Teresópolis Costantino Ottaviano (HCTCO). Por meio de uma ficha de avaliação serão verificados: setores de internação; prevalência de idade quanto a internação; prescrição de fisioterapia; frequências dos atendimentos da fisioterapia; tipo de fisioterapia ofertada ao paciente. Resultados: Os atendimentos fisioterapêuticos, através da ficha de avaliação foram quantificados 9,7% de atendimentos de fisioterapia motora, 29,2% da respiratória, de 61,1% de ambos os tipos; obtendo-se maior prevalência de atendimentos de ambos os tipos com um total de 61,1% dos atendimentos fisioterapêuticos e 31,2% destes atendimentos são realizados com maior prevalência no setor da clínica médica feminina.