bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MAPPING THE RESEARCH AGENDA IN VIRTUAL REALITY STUDIES WITHIN EDUCATION
Authors: Dogan Ezgi , Sahin Ferhan
Published: July 2024

This systematic literature review (SLR) scrutinizes the trends and interrelationships prevalent in Virtual Reality (VR) applications within educational frameworks, analyzing a comprehensive pool of 43 theses conducted in a Eurasian country. The primary objectives encompass investigating learning-teaching theories, learning domains, design elements, VR typology, and the departments undertaking VR research. Findings from the SLR underscore a significant concentration of VR research activities within technology-oriented departments. The prevalent approach involves experimental assessments of diverse variables within VR learning environments, yet a conspicuous dearth of design-centric investigations is observed. This highlights a critical need for comprehensive studies elucidating the design and developmental processes within VR applications, especially in light of the current characterization of VR research as lacking established standards. Moreover, a noteworthy revelation is the prevalent absence of a robust theoretical framework across the majority of studies. This absence may pose impediments to the widespread adoption of VR within educational paradigms, given the pivotal role of learning-teaching theories in guiding pedagogical processes. Examination of design elements highlights the prominence of realistic experiences, passive observation, mobility, and interaction with the environment. Recognizing the potential impact of diverse design elements on enhancing realism, aligning specific elements with distinct learning domains holds promise for augmenting the immersive quality of VR experiences. This research emphasizes the critical need for more comprehensive, theory-guided, and design-focused VR studies to propel its integration effectively within educational landscapes.
CONCEPTUAL ASPECTS OF CONSTRUCTING AND INTERPRETING OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION INDICES FOR MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES
Authors: Ilkevich S. V.
Published: July 2024

The article focuses on the problem of designing, constructing, measuring and interpreting indices for assessing the digital transformation of manufacturing companies. We analyse the compositional features, advantages and limitations of the three indices, which are a fairly focused on comparing industrial sectors (or at least extended groups of industries) according to their level of digital transformation or digital maturity: Industrial Digitalisation Index MGI McKinsey, Smart Industry Readiness Index (SIRI) of the World Economic Forum, Digitalisation Index for Economy and Social Sectors by the Higher School of Economics. The main thesis of the article is the need to develop a unified, continuous and relevant index of digital transformation for manufacturing companies, taking into account all the positive experiences in the conceptual and methodological development of digitalisation assessment indices that research and analysis teams have managed to develop so far. At the same time, the author points out the need to avoid retrospective construction of indices based on lagging statistical data. It seems very important to take into account the need to introduce a strategic vector when measuring the level of digital transformation of manufacturing companies. It is not enough to simply aggregate indicators of digital adoption and identify certain indices or sub-indices as the main markers of digital transformation. From a statistical point of view, such an approach can be perfectly correct, reliable, and verifiable.Questions arise about the productive potential of clustered technologies in the context of evolving business models, particularly in manufacturing. As a part of constructing any indices and methods for assessing the dynamics of digital maturity, digitalisation, digital transformation, it is better to face the inevitable uncertainty about the potential of some frontier technologies in an attempt to foresee the intersections of technological factors and future niches for business models, than to try to generalise the trajectory already traversed with a more retrospective logic based only on the verified and more tested parts and layers of the technologies. With this approach, digital transformation indices for manufacturing companies take on projective and instrumental functions, as they serve, in a sense, as a roadmap. They make it possible to improve the strategic vision of companies in different sectors, as well as their stakeholders, associations and public authorities (especially those in charge of digitalisation and industrial policy), with a view to achieving later stages of digital maturity.
THE INFLUENCE OF FACTORS AND CONDITIONS ON EXPORT EFFICIENCY OF RUSSIAN SMES: STRATEGIC AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS
Authors: Gileva T. A.
Published: July 2024

Entering foreign markets is an important area of strategic development for SMEs. It allows you to secure higher growth rates, expand the use of limited but often unique resources, gain access to key strategic partners, extend the life cycle of products, diversify risks, etc. Like any strategic decision, the organisation of export activities requires a thorough analysis of internal and external factors, both favorable and unfavorable, in order to justify the choice of the most promising and appropriate markets, to adapt your products or services to them, to assess their competitiveness, and to develop strategies for entering and promoting the selected markets. Recent years have seen many significant changes in the composition and nature of these influences. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to identify and structure the factors that influence the performance of Russian export-oriented SMEs, as well as to substantiate the methodological tools for assessing such influence in order to make informed strategic decisions. A comparative analysis of the factors influencing the efficiency of Russian SMEs in foreign markets was carried out with a view to assessing their export potential. The analysis is completed by highlighting the risks and opportunities associated with the spread of digital technologies and the introduction of sanctions restrictions. A classifier of factors and conditions affecting the efficiency of export activities is proposed. The structure of the indicator system for assessing the effectiveness of SME export activities has been defined. The SWOT matrix format highlights factors that have a significant impact on the ability and results of Russian SMEs’ export activities. A comparative description of methods for assessing such influence is given. The advantages of the cognitive modelling method for reflecting the complex and dynamic nature of the relationships between factors and the outcomes of export activities are demonstrated. The basic rules for constructing cognitive maps are presented.
THE ETHICAL CONTEXT AS A HISTORICALLY SIGNIFICANT FACTOR OF RISK MANAGEMENT EFFICIENCY
Authors: Sachenko L. A.
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study is to identify ways to improve the effectiveness of risk management, thereby bridging the gap between the increasing needs of organisations and their current capabilities based on the study of past civilisational crises. To solve this task the main ethical factors that contributed to the success of bifurcation transitions in the past were identified through the analysis of turning points in history: the Upper Paleolithic Revolution, the Axial Age Revolution and the Industrial Revolution, using the model of minimum necessary social stability developed by the author based on the hypothesis of techno-humanitarian balance. Starting from the current position of the society on the eve of the next bifurcation transition, a comparative analysis of the ethical factors that made past successes possible with the current practice of risk management in organisations was carried out. The following factors were highlighted as priorities for the implementation in risk management practice: working together to achieve common goals, establishing and adhering to uniform rules for achieving common goals, and creating a favourable environment for the targeted use of human creative potential. As a result, a scheme has been proposed to complement current risk management practices by incorporating higher level ethical factors that promote rational goal setting, as well as involving the creative skills and efforts of lower level stakeholders in situational response. The proposed scheme can help to strengthen the impact of risk management, both for the organisations themselves and, indirectly, for society.
Risk of thromboembolism after intraosseous implantation of metallic devices with extracellular vesicles derived from multipotent stromal cells: preliminary results
Authors: Maiborodin Igor V. , Ryaguzov Maksim E. , Kuzkin Sergey A. , Shevela Aleksandr A. , Sheplev Boris V. , Marinkin Igor O. , Maiborodina Vitalina I. , Lushnikova Elena L.
Published: July 2024

Background. New implantation methods are of great importance due to the development of endoprostheses in traumatology and orthopedics, restorative medicine and dentistry. Equally important is the early detection and description of the implant-associated complications.
The aim of the study is to find and describe thrombi and emboli in the heart and lungs formed after experimental implantation of metallic devices in the peripheral part of limb using extracellular vesicles of mesenchymal stromal cells.
Methods. Outbred rabbits of both genders at the age from 4 to 6 months and of weight from 3 to 4 kg underwent experimental implantation. The study enrolled 57 species in total. They were divided into two groups: 30 animals underwent implantation of metallic devices using extracellular vesicles of mesenchymal stromal cells (EV MSCs), 27 — without their use. The rabbits’ hearts and lungs were studied by light microscopy methods at different stages after integration of screw titanium implants into the proximal condyle of the tibia using EV MSCs.
Results. After implantation of metallic devices into the proximal condyle of the tibia, we detected fibrin, detritus and even the red bone marrow structures (various blast forms of hematopoietic cells: megakaryocytes, cells of the erythroid and myeloid lineages) in the right cavities of the heart. In the pulmonary arteries, we also found thrombi and emboli, which either led to the obliteration of the involved vessel or to gradual lysis, not disappearing completely within 10 days of follow-up.
Conclusions. After intraosseous implantation of the metallic devices, there is an embolism risk in the right atria and ventricle of the heart and the pulmonary arteries and veins due to the debris migration with the bloodstream from the surgery site. At the same time, one cannot exclude a thrombotic risk in the heart and pulmonary arteries as a reaction to the presence of detritus. It is advisable to take measures aimed at preventing both debris releasing into the bloodstream and pulmonary embolism during any implantations into the bone tissues, even of relatively small devices. Using EV MSCs to affect the implant engraftment processes has no significant effect on the severity and frequency of thromboembolic complications.
Causes of total hip replacement in children: part 1
Authors: Bortulev Pavel I. , Vissarionov Sergei V. , Baindurashvili Alexey G. , Neverov Valentin A. , Baskov Vladimir E. , Barsukov Dmitry B. , Pozdnikin Ivan Y. , Baskaeva Tamila V. , Poznovich Makhmud S. , Vyrikov Dmitry V. , Rybinskikh Timofey S.
Published: July 2024

Background. Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is one of the most frequently performed and effective surgical procedures in patients with hip osteoarthritis of various origin. According to a variety of large arthroplasty registries, in 10-33% of cases, the causes of end-stage hip osteoarthritis in people under the age of 25 are such orthopedic diseases of the hip as dysplasia, SCFE and Perthes disease. However, there are practically no scientific publications examining the causes of the development of end-stage hip osteoarthritis in patients under the age of 21, as well as in children, in the foreign literature and there are none at all in the domestic literature.
The aim of the study is to analyze the causes of the development of end-stage hip osteoarthritis requiring total hip arthropasty in children who had suffered major orthopedic diseases of the hip.
Methods. The retrospective study is based on the medical records of 500 patients (530 hip joints) aged between 10 and 18 years (15.1±1.5) who had underwent total hip replacement at the Department of Hip Pathology of the G.I. Turner National Research Medical Center for Pediatric Traumatology and Orthopedics, in the period from 2008 to 2023. The main subject of the study was the anamnesis of the course of the orthopedic disease and previous treatment.
Results. After studying the medical records and archival X-rays, we have identified the main diagnostic and tactical errors in the treatment of patients with major diseases of the hip, which are specific to childhood. Additionally, according to these nosological entities we have identified the most “endemic” federal regions and subjects of the Russian Federation.
Conclusions. The main causes of the development of end-stage hip osteoarthritis requiring total hip arthroplasty in patients under the age of 18 with major orthopedic diseases of the hip are: diagnostic defects, methodological choice of both conservative and surgical treatment, and iatrogenic damage to the joint components.
Quantitative assessment of iron as a marker of neurodegeneration after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Voronkova Elena V. , Ublinskiy Maxim V. , Kobzeva Anna A. , Melnikov Ilya A.
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Ferroptosis plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of secondary disorders following brain injury. Disturbances in iron homeostasis result in the accumulation of iron and the formation of reactive oxygen species, which may contribute to the development of various neurodegenerative diseases. Magnetic susceptibility mapping is a novel, rapidly evolving quantitative technique with significant potential for assessing iron accumulation in the brain.
AIM: The study aimed to determine changes in brain iron concentrations in patients with brain injury using magnetic susceptibility mapping techniques.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 9 patients (14±2 years) with moderate and severe brain injury: three in the acute phase and six in the remote phase, and 4 healthy volunteers (15.3±0.9 years). All study participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging on a Philips Achieva dStream 3T scanner (Philips, the Netherlands). Data for magnetic susceptibility maps were acquired using a 3D FFE multi-echo sequence with flux compensation: FA=20, 6 TE: TE1/dTE=4.422 ms/5.795 ms, TR=59 ms (minimum), matrix size was 400×400×75, voxel size was 0.6×0.6×0.6 mm3. Magnetic susceptibility maps were generated using the SEPIA program. Magnetic field map construction, local magnetic field extraction, and magnetic susceptibility calculation were performed using the Laplacian, LBV, and iLSQR techniques, respectively. Average magnetic susceptibility values were obtained in 16 subcortical gray matter zones using the CIT168 atlas.
RESULTS: The preliminary results of the study indicated that the patient group exhibited higher magnetic susceptibility values (p=0.07) in the compact part of the substantia nigra compared to the control group. The values for the patient and control groups were 0.03±0.03 and 0.003±0.018, respectively (Fig. 1). This result suggests a potential difference between the two groups at the level of a statistical trend, which may indicate iron accumulation in this area following brain injury. No changes in the values of magnetic susceptibility were observed in other areas of the subcortical gray matter that were investigated.
An increased iron concentration in the compact part of the substantia nigra is also a characteristic of Parkinson’s disease [3]. This is consistent with the fact that brain injury is a risk factor for the development of this neurodegenerative disease. One of the possible causes of iron accumulation is neuronal death and increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier [4].
CONCLUSIONS: An elevated magnetic susceptibility value in the compact part of the substantia nigra in patients with brain injury may indicate the accumulation of iron in this area following injury. A larger sample size will allow for further testing of this hypothesis and the monitoring of changes in iron concentration over time following brain injury.
Aneurysmal bone cysts therapy using monoclonal human antibodies to RANKL
Authors: Abdiba Nino V. , Pozdeev Alexander P. , Chigvarya Nicolay G. , Dolgiev Bahauddin H.
Published: July 2024

Aneurysmal bone cyst is a rare, locally destructive, benign neoplasm with a predominant localization in the bones. Aneurysmal bone cyst accounts for 1%–6% of primary bone tumors, and 80% of these lesions occur in the second decade of life with a slight prevalence in the female population. Currently, the optimal aneurysmal bone cyst treatment remains unclear. There are various treatment methods, each of which has its own indications, advantages, and disadvantages. The study of the key pathogenetic foundations of the process indicates the introduction of targeted aneurysmal bone cyst therapy. This study presents the systematized classification and description of the disease pathogenesis regarded from molecular and genetic viewpoints. The mechanism of targeted therapy based on the use of monoclonal human antibodies to RANKL has been studied. Articles published in 2012–2023 (July) were considered. Consequently, conclusions concerning the most common aneurysmal bone cyst localizations, patient’s age and sex, dosage regimen, treatment result, and possible complications during the therapy have been made. Thus, denosumab has therapeutic advantages regarding clinical and radiological results in patients with aneurysmal bone cyst. Closely relevant is the issue of using denosumab in the treatment of patients with aneurysmal bone cyst of complex anatomical localization and in cases of aggressive recurrence of the pathological process.
How Russian Scholars Perceive and Employ the Veblenian Dichotomy
Authors: Vernikov Andrei V. ,   Institute of Economics RAS, Kurysheva Anna A. ,   Southern Federal University
Published: July 2024

We survey Russian-language research papers which refer to Thorstein Veblen’s Evolutionary Theory (VET) and, more specifically, the so-called Veblenian dichotomy. This latter consists of analytical categories describing two types of behavioral patterns, namely «productive» and «unproductive» proclivities, and how they affect the direction of the given society’s cultural and economic evolution. Our focus is on how Russian scholars perceived the Veblenian dichotomy and employed this theoretical concept in empirical studies. We build a sample of 48 research papers from the Russian eLIBRARY.RU database, Google Scholar and Google Books. Our claim is that some misunderstandings and misinterpretations of Veblen’s theoretical concept may have distorted its original meaning and thrust. Such perceptions may have, in turn, created a bias in the interpretation of empirical results, when references to Veblen underpin statements which Veblen would not have made. For instance, institutions are positioned as opposed to technology, fully in line with the thinking of Clarence Ayres. National traditions and values are regarded an impediment to progress and innovation. Some authors view «modernization» of the economy and values as a need, regardless of socio-economic effects, whereas they condemn institutional inertia. Russian academic discourse ignores the category of instinct which was essential for Veblen. A biased application of theoretical ideas to empirical material may have contributed to the initial misunderstanding. A value or a social practice which Veblenian ethics view through a negative prism are now treated as instrumental, and vice versa. Misinterpretations of Veblen may have arisen from inaccurate reading and citing of the original or from reliance on writings by other authors. Another source of bias consists in the ideology-driven negative assessment of traditional economic culture, which have prevailed in the Russian expert discourse over the past decades.
Is It Possible "the Correct" Rendering of Improper Concepts?
Authors: Tambovtsev Vitaly L. ,   Moscow State Lomonosov University
Published: July 2024

The development of the conceptual apparatus within any scientific discipline reflects the sustained efforts to study its object and subject matter, indicative of the growing body of knowledge produced. The social sciences, including economics, are no exception, though they present unique challenges due to the specific nature of their objects and subjects of study. Additionally, the interaction of various research programs (RPs) within the social sciences contributes to these distinctive characteristics. This article aims to analyze these factors to characterize the development of the conceptual apparatus for studying economic institutions. The analysis assesses how well these efforts adhere to methodological standards and established norms of scientific research. The study reveals that different RPs in institutional research vary significantly in their emphasis on developing a precise and rigorous conceptual framework, as well as in their consideration of results from other institutional RPs. An illustrative example is analyzed, where a researcher’s attempt to justify the possibility of the existence of a "single correct" understanding of the concept is scrutinized. The fact that the analyzed concept belongs to the category of “essentially contested” was not taken into account in the analyzed attempt.
Toward a Question of the Evolution of Needs in the System of Postcapitalism
Authors: Grechko Mikhail V. ,   Southern Federal University, Stasev Mikhail A. , Tulina Zlata N. ,   Southern Federal University,   Southern Federal University
Published: July 2024

The presented article is devoted to the study of the evolution of needs in the system of postcapitalism. This problem is conditioned by the formation of a new, post-capitalist world order and the transition to appropriate forms of reproduction. In the aspect of transition to productive forms of reproduction, labor is a fundamental human need and a space for the development of personal qualities. The text reveals elements that allow us to assess needs from the perspective of the substantive characteristics of postcapitalism. In particular, the systems of capitalism and postcapitalism, in their interrelationship, are considered. Taking into account the cognitive potential of K. Marx's formational approach, the author's qualitative definition of the category "need" is given, and its transformation in the system of postcapitalism is shown. According to the results of the conducted content analysis it is determined that the category "need" is a synthetic meta-category, which is used by representatives of different branches of the system of social sciences, within the framework of the corresponding subject. It is also shown the qualitative content of the differences of needs in the epoch of capitalism and postcapitalism, and it is argued that postcapitalism is on the one hand an abstraction, and on the other hand a concrete spatial-historical system. According to the results of comparative analysis of the transformation of needs in capitalism and postcapitalism, it is shown that this hybrid transitional system replaces capitalism and is a logical development for society, as it implies its further development and transition to a more qualitatively progressive formation. The results and conclusion reflect the conclusions of the study
To the Question of Distinguishing the Properties and Attributes of Dualism and Differentiation in Criminal Procedure
Authors: Tsyganenko Sergey S. ,   Southern Federal University
Published: July 2024

The article formulates the theoretical basis of differentiation from the point of view of the doctrine of procedural proceedings. The fundamental role of the typology of material and formal proceedings in the system-structural organization of criminal procedure is shown. The central role in it is assigned to the general order, which ultimately embodies the main features. At the same time, attention is drawn to a significant group of differentiated orders. Their dominance through the category of special procedure leads to dualism in criminal proceedings, a characteristic example of which is the steady prevalence in practice of the application of various special procedures in pre-trial and judicial criminal proceedings. In order to avoid dualism, it is justified the necessity to refer to the category of special order in criminal proceedings, which largely retains the typological features of the general order, unlike, for example, the special order.
“Unusual Everyday Life”: The Social World of People with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Szluz Beata , Jamrógiewicz Beata
Published: July 2024

Parkinson’s disease is one of the most frequent neurodegenerative disorders. The core symptoms of Parkinson’s disease are bradykinesia, tremor and plastic rigidity. Social scientific research on experiencing chronic illness focuses directly on pivotal players in health care – people who are sick. Health researchers, practitioners and policy makers may claim to represent patients’ concerns. However, they seldom obtain systematic “in-depth” views of patients’ experience of health care, much less of what it means to live with continued illness. The aim of the study was to recognize and present their social world on the basis of a narrative which is a subjective reconstruction of their life history. The technique of an autobiographical narrative interview was used for the research, as proposed by Schütz, who developed the method as a cohesive concept of biographical research. The collected empirical material (44 interviews) was analyzed, providing answers to the posed questions and allowing the formulation of conclusions, which made it possible to enrich the existing knowledge with the qualitative aspect of the analysis. The research on experiencing chronic illness emphasizes how people come to view themselves as chronically ill and how illness affects their lives.
Self-Esteem and the Level of Pupils’ Educational and Professional Aspirations
Authors: Okrasa Marzena
Published: July 2024

The paper addresses the educational and professional aspirations and self-esteem of adolescents, taking into account the analysis of conducted research. The considerations refer to aspirations and self-esteem in the context of human functioning in a dysfunctional family. The study was conducted among a group of 126 elementary school pupils. The research problem was contained in the question: Is there, and if so, what is, a relationship between the educational aspirations (dependent variable) of pupils graduating from elementary school and their self-esteem (independent variable)? A diagnostic survey method using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the author’s aspirations questionnaire were used. The research confirmed that there is a relationship between high educational and professional aspirations and high self-esteem results, and between low aspirations and low self-esteem. Referring to Mellody’s concept, attention was paid to the children’s natural trait – worthiness, which in a dysfunctional family improperly shapes children’s self-esteem, affecting their quality of life and aspirations in the future.
Social Work as a Factor Supporting the Social Readaptation of Convicts in the Polish Penitentiary System
Authors: Sarzała Dariusz
Published: July 2024

The article addresses the issue of social work with prisoners who not only manifest numerous psychosocial deficits but also in conditions of prison isolation have limited access to important resources, goods activities and have limited opportunities to meet their basic needs. The study focused on presenting social work as a factor supporting the social readaptation of convicts in relation to the Polish penitentiary system. The aim is to determine to what extent the Polish penitentiary system takes into account social work as a factor supporting and conditioning the process of social readaptation of prisoners. In the first part, the social readaptation of convicts is analyzed as the aim of social work. Then, an attempt was made to critically analyze the existing model of social work with prisoners and the need to introduce social work to the Polish penitentiary system to a wider extent than before was considered. The conclusions from the analysis indicate that social work, although it is an important factor supporting the social readaptation of prisoners, is not fully taken into account in the current model of penitentiary work with convicts. This model only provides basic social support to convicts as part of post-penitentiary assistance. Therefore, the need was indicated to develop and implement a model of social work with prisoners that would allow for close cooperation between the penitentiary and social welfare systems, also with the participation of other entities. This model should take into account the need for a full diagnosis of the socio-economic situation of convicts and other problems that may be a source of disturbances in their social readaptation process.
Help and Support in the New Social Reality – Professional Expectations Towards Social Workers
Authors: Lada Anna
Published: July 2024

Changes in social life have caused social work to evolve over recent years. Both the nature of work and the profile of a social welfare client have changed. Social workers are constantly faced with new challenges. They are expected to have a professional approach to the client. Increasingly, professionalism is evidenced not only by substantive knowledge, but also by the competences and personal resources of social work students. The aim of this study is to characterize the competences and resources of social workers in the context of challenges in helping others. The research problem is: What resources should characterize a social worker in the context of his/her work? The article was prepared based on the desk research method. The work of a social worker was placed in Znaniecki’s concept of social arrangements. The next parts of the article are a theoretical analysis of concepts related to human work, professional work and the professionalization of social work by paying particular attention to the competences and personal resources of people who want to pursue a professional career as a social worker. The values that should guide a social worker, developed by Kantowicz, were the basis for selecting the competences and personal resources of social workers described in the last part.
Enough Is Enough! The Story of a Case of Leaving the Profession of Social Worker
Authors: Lisowska Kinga , Łojko Majka
Published: July 2024

A social worker, supporting social welfare clients in the process of empowerment and social integration, often performs professional duties at risk of his own health (and sometimes his life). Even the best-prepared social workers, confronted with the realities of social welfare and the expectations of both the employer and clients, may decide to leave their job. The purpose of the research was to analyze the reasons for leaving the profession of a social worker based on the experience of a long-term employee of the municipal social welfare center. The focus was on the diagnosis of burnout of the examined case and the factors that led to his resignation from work in the area of social assistance. The subject is analytically difficult, it is a pioneering area of scientific inquiry. The article is one of the few to address the issue of research in the area of professional decisions of experienced social workers in Poland. The research presented in the article shows that the changing economic and social realities have posed many new challenges for social worker, which has caused the need to revise the existing motivations and willingness to continue working in the profession. It should be emphasized that the results of the presented qualitative research do not allow one to make too far-reaching conclusions and generalizations.
Legal Space for Innovative Activities for Older People
Authors: Szluz Krzysztof , Szluz Anna
Published: July 2024

The subject of the analysis is an attempt to find legal space for selected innovative activities for the benefit of the elderly. In addition to generally applicable legal regulations, attention was drawn to the fact that government programs are being introduced that bring interesting solutions for the elderly. The disadvantage of them, however, is that not all elderly people can use them. The article presents the ideas of social service centers, as well as selected social services: respite care, neighborhood services, personal assistance and telecare, which creates a chance for a safer and higher quality of life for the elderly. The purpose of the article is a legal analysis regarding activities for the elderly in the field of, among others, social services. The subject of the study is to find an answer to the question whether the current legal space is sufficient to implement innovative tasks or not. Legal changes regarding the evolution of the social assistance structure result in the availability of social services for clients. The emergence of new statutory solutions is exceptionally relevant and responds to the needs of an aging society. The answer to legal needs is the amendment to the Act of 12 March 2004 on social assistance. It remains to be seen whether it is sufficient.
“No Matter How Old I Am” – Subjective Age of 50-Year-Old Women in the Menopausal Period
Authors: Śluzek Natalia , Błachnio Aleksandra
Published: July 2024

Self-esteem is an individual’s subjective belief about herself. It is not static in nature, hence it is legitimate to examine it during the menopausal period, when women face the physical and psychosocial reconstruction of their own self. Menopausal symptoms, depending on their severity, can affect an individual’s functioning on many levels. In addition to self-assessment, the subjective age of the respondents, that is their individual assessment of the number of years they have lived and their body appearance in relation to their chronological age, was examined. The purpose of the study was to describe the specificity of the relationship between the intensity of menopausal symptoms of 50-year-old women and their self-esteem, as well as to differentiate the level of self-esteem of the women surveyed by their subjectively perceived age. The study group consisted of menopausal women (N = 90) in the age range of 50–59 years (M = 52.72; SD = 2.56). The tools used in the study included the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES) in the Polish adaptation of Dzwonkowska, Lachowicz-Tabaczek and Łaguna and the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). In order to examine the subjective age of female respondents, they were asked open-ended questions regarding their subjective feelings about their age and appearance. The results showed that the level of intensity of menopausal symptoms correlates with the respondents’ level of self-esteem. In addition, the existence of a correlation between subjective age and self-esteem was discovered, which may indicate the protective function of having a reduced subjective age.
A karizma varázstalanítása : A karizma problémája Pierre Bourdieu műveiben
Authors: Rényi Ágnes
Published: July 2024

Tanulmányomban megpróbálom rekonstruálni, hogyan értelmezte, kritizálta, fogalmazta újra és integrálta szociológiai elemzéseibe a weberi karizma fogalmát Pierre Bourdieu. A francia szociológus a karizmát már korai műveiben a szimbolikus hatékonyság megértésének szolgálatába állította, szimbolikus tőkeként értelmezte, amelynek birtoklása a szimbolikus uralom gyakorlásának feltétele. Bourdieu a modernkori társadalmi egyenlőtlenségek újratermelésében is szerepet osztott a szimbolikus tőkeként kezelt karizmának, például az iskola- és kultúrszociológiai kutatásokban alkalmazta a fogalmat, ahol nagy jelentősége van a képességek naturalizált értelmezésének. Bourdieu-t a hivatali karizma weberi típusa is megihlette: a hatalom nyilvános reprezentációjának nyelvi, szimbolikus elemeiben mutatta ki az uralmon lévők intézményes karizmával összefüggő szimbolikus hatékonyságát és egyúttal a képviseltek politikai elidegenedését. A prófétai karizma weberi ideáltípusát Bourdieu a társadalmi változások, szimbolikus forradalmak magyarázatában hívta segítségül: Manet kapcsán mutatta be azt a szubverzív – a szakmai és a laikus közönség által karizmatikusként értelmezett – habitust, amely megfelelő társadalmi feltételek – elsősorban a változás iránti várakozás – megléte mellett szimbolikusan hatékonynak bizonyulhat. Bourdieu itt (is) sort kerített Weber karizmaelméletének kritikájára, illetve „korrekciójára”: a Manet-előadásokban a karizmát saját szociológiai terminusaival (mező, habitus, tőke stb.) kapcsolta össze, és az így „varázstalanított” karizma már kompatibilis lett a bourdieu-i szociológiai látásmóddal.
Társadalomstruktúra és vágystruktúra : Bourdieu hatása a kortárs szexuálszociológiára
Authors: Csányi Gergely
Published: July 2024

E tanulmányban Pierre Bourdieu hatásával foglalkozom a kortárs szexuálszociológában. Abból a problémából indulok ki, hogy a társadalomstruktúrával összefüggésben a legtöbb szociológiai munka a szexuális gyakorlat vagy a szexuális identitás kérdését tárgyalja, és ezek az értelmezési keretek rendszerint figyelmen kívül hagyják a szexuális vágy kérdését. Két olyan Bourdieu-re támaszkodó koncepciót mutatok be, melyeket – potenciálisan – alkalmasnak látok arra, hogy a társadalomstruktúra és a vágystruktúra összefüggéseit megragadják. Először felvázolom, hogy milyen eddigi trendek vannak a szociológiában és a szociológia határterületein a szexualitás és társadalomstruktúra összefüggéseinek vizsgálatára. Majd felvázolom az erotikus habitus és az erotikus tőke koncepcióit, végül mérlegelem e fogalmak hasznosságát.
Habitus és térbeliség viszonya a vidéki dzsentrifikáció kapcsán
Authors: Tomay Kyra , Berger Viktor
Published: July 2024

Jelen tanulmány a bourdieu-i (térbeli) habitus által meghatározott térbeli gyakorlatok összefüggését kívánja feltárni a vidéki dzsentrifikáció kapcsán. A bourdieu-i szociológia egyik fontos témája a társadalmi egyenlőtlenségek újratermelése, melynek erőteljes térbeli aspektusa van. A vidéki dzsentrifikáció témája kitűnő terepet biztosít számunkra ahhoz, hogy megvizsgáljuk a középosztály egyes frakcióinak vidéki kistelepülésekre irányuló mobilitása hozzájárulását a társadalmi egyenlőtlenségek (újra)termeléséhez, továbbá hogy tanulmányozzuk a sajátos városi értelmiségi habitus által meghatározott vidékpercepciót, a benne foglalt térbeli diszpozíciókat és az általa generált térbeli gyakorlatokat. A vidéki dzsentrifikáció értelmezése során a nagyvárosi dzsentrifikáció magyarázatában Bridge (2001) által bevezetett módosított habituselméletet alkalmazzuk A vidéki dzsentrifikáció szerepe a településfejlesztésben (FK-138098) két terepéről származó 45 félig strukturált mélyinterjú elemzéséhez. Eredményeink alapján a vizsgált települések beköltözőit vegyes térbeli habitus jellemzi, melynek középpontjában a vidéki és a városi élet előnyeinek kiaknázása áll. A dzsentrifikánsok térbeli habitusa és gyakorlatai jól illeszkednek egy középosztályi distinkciós stratégiához. Térbeli habitusuk jellemzője az aktivitás: relatíve nagy a múltbeli és jelenlegi térbeli akciórádiuszuk, és a falusi teret a saját ízlésük és érdekeik szerint aktívan formálják. Ez a folyamat szükségszerűen együtt jár az őslakosok bizonyos fokú kiszorulásával. Így a dzsentrifikálók tevékenysége „ügyes”, mozgástérnövelő osztálystratégiaként értelmezhető, melynek keretében előnyös (de sok munkával járó) helyzetet alakítottak ki maguknak, ami azonban az őslakosok számára nem járt együtt átütő előnyökkel.
Habitus és identitás : Az egyénre irányuló empirikus vizsgálatok néhány elméleti és módszertani kérdése
Authors: Németh Krisztina
Published: July 2024

A tanulmány az egyénre irányuló mikroszociológiai kutatások két alapvető fogalmát, a habitust és az identitást vizsgálja anélkül, hogy a közöttük lévő egyezéseket és különbségeket egyértelműen rögzíteni tudná. Ehelyett a habitus és az identitás közötti fogalmi hasonlóságokat és különbségeket előbb az elméleti összefüggések felől, néhány dichotómián és a fogalmi átfedéseken keresztül veszi szemügyre. Mivel ezek segítségével a két fogalom nem választható el egymástól egyértelműen, ezért a tanulmány az empirikus alkalmazás felé tájékozódik. Előbb a habitus és az identitás empirikus kutatását megnehezítő tudattalan tartalmak és reflektálatlanság vizsgálati lehetőségeivel foglalkozik, majd a hasadt habitus koncepcióját és a reflexivitás kérdését arra használja, hogy a két fogalom közötti közvetítés lehetőségeit tárgyalja. Mivel az egyénre irányuló empirikus kutatások alapvető forrásában, az (élettörténeti) interjúban egymásba fonódva van jelen az identitás és a habitus fogalma, ezért a habitus és az identitás közötti fogalmi választás az empirikus kutatások felől is vizsgálható. Bár az interjú típusa és felvételének módszertana önmagában is meghatározza azt, hogy egy interjúból melyik fogalom könnyebben „kinyerhető”, azaz melyik fogalom milyen elméleti-módszertani megközelítésben vizsgálható jobban, a habitus és az identitás közötti választást meghatározza, hogy mennyire típusosan és modellszerűen avagy mennyire mélyen és komplexen akarjuk az egyént, valamint a társadalmi cselekvéseit és gyakorlatait megérteni. Ez a különbségtétel tovább finomítható az egyéni és az osztályhabitus fogalmával, ily módon az egyénre irányuló empirikus elemzések hangsúlyai, valamint a vizsgálat iránya (általános-egyéni) jelentik az egyénre irányuló empirikus kutatásokat meghatározó legfontosabb kérdéseket.
Los problemas persistentes de la justicia constitucional chilena y los procesos constituyentes
Authors: Busch Venthur Tania
Published: July 2024

El artículo analiza el desarrollo de la jurisdicción constitucional chilena en el contexto de cambio constitucional en Chile. Con el objetivo de identificar los aprendizajes obtenidos de una década de deliberación constitucional, que ha dado lugar a tres procesos constituyentes y sus respectivos proyectos de nueva Constitución, se describe la evolución que ha tenido el Tribunal Constitucional chileno desde su incorporación en 1970 y durante la vigencia de la Constitución de 1980. Se evidenciará que el debate sobre una nueva Constitución se desarrollará en paralelo a la discusión sobre la crisis de legitimidad del Tribunal Constitucional chileno, identificando los problemas más relevantes a este respecto. Finalmente, se analiza cómo han sido abordados cada uno de estos en la organización y atribuciones de los tribunales constitucionales que contemplaron los proyectos de nueva Constitución de 2018, 2022 y 2023.
Análisis comparado de los distintos enfoques regulatorios de la inteligencia artificial en la Unión Europea, EE. UU., China e Iberoamérica
Authors: Pérez-Ugena Coromina María
Published: July 2024

Este estudio lleva a cabo un examen comparativo del panorama regulatorio que rodea a la inteligencia artificial (IA) en Iberoamérica, la Unión Europea, los Estados Unidos de América y China. La investigación comienza con una introducción que describe las características definitorias de la IA e identifica los principios generales que deberían guiar su desarrollo. Estos principios sirven como ejes básicos para la creación de marcos jurídicos generales destinados a fundamentar posibles restricciones en esta tecnología con el fin de proteger los derechos humanos. El estudio subraya la necesidad de emprender acciones coordinadas a nivel internacional, en consonancia con los problemas que plantea la IA dentro de un contexto jurídico global.
El derecho al matrimonio. Reflexiones críticas a las puertas de una década de la sentencia Obergefell vs. Hodges
Authors: Simón Yarza Fernando
Published: July 2024

Al aproximarse el décimo aniversario de la aprobación de Obergefell v. Hodges y el vigésimo de la Ley 13/2005, el presente artículo acomete una reflexión crítica e incisiva sobre el significado de la institución matrimonial como presupuesto del derecho fundamental al matrimonio. El autor se centra en el fundamento antropológico que explica la institución, tal y como ha sido entendida a lo largo de la historia de la cultura hasta tiempos relativamente recientes. Contrapone la «concepción conyugal» del matrimonio a lo que viene a denominar «concepción emotivista», a fin de demostrar por qué solo la primera justifica, en rigor, la existencia de una institución jurídica específica.
Association Analysis of Polymorphism rs386000 of the LILRA3 Gene and the Risk of Atherosclerosis Obliterans: a Pilot Study
Authors: Zhabin S. N. , Lazarenko V. A. , Azarova Yu. E. , Bashkatov D. A. , Klyosova E. Yu. , Gneeva E. G. , Churnosov M. I. , Polonikov A. V.
Published: July 2024

Aim. To study the association of the rs386000 polymorphic variant in the LILRA3 gene with the risk of developing obliterating atherosclerosis of the lower extremity arteries (OALEA).

Material and methods. 1277 individuals of Slavic origin were examined (629 patients with OALEA and 648 healthy volunteers). Genotyping of the LILRA3 gene rs386000 was performed with a MassARRAY-4 genomic mass spectrometer. Polymorphic variants of the LILRA3 gene, that encodes the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor A3, may be attractive objects for studying the mechanisms of atherosclerosis.

Results. The study showed that the rs386000 polymorphic variant in the LILRA3 gene was associated with the risk of developing OALEA. However, this association was characterized by sexual dimorphism: in men, carriage of the rs386000-C allele (p=0.03) and the rs386000-C/C genotype (p=0.01) was protective against the risk of developing OALEA, while in women, this polymorphism did not influence the susceptibility to the disease. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) annotation showed that carriage of the rs386000‑C allele was associated with an increased expression of the LILRA2, LILRB5, LILRA6, LILRP1 and TSEN34 genes and a decreased expression of the LILRA3 and LILRA5 genes in the blood.

Conclusion. The present study revealed for the first time an association of the rs386000‑C allele of the LILRA3 gene with a reduced risk of developing OALEA. Further studies, including experimental studies, will determine the specific mechanisms mediating the involvement of the LILRA3 gene rs386000 polymorphism in the molecular mechanisms for the development of obliterating atherosclerosis, as well as the nature of the sex-specific association of the polymorphism.