bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Provitabilitas, Ukuran Perusahaan, Tanggung Jawab Sosial Dan Struktur Modal Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Industri Barang Konsumsi Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2017-2020
Authors: Marbun Kristina Evaluvina , Mesrawati Mesrawati
Published: August 2022

Pengambilan keputusan dalam berinvestasi di pasar modal berlandaskan laporan keuangan yang telah Publish di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Analisa yang akurat terhadap laporan yang telah di Audit berperan Penting Guna mengetahui Nilai Perusahaan di Kalangan Publik. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 37 Perusahaan manufaktur sektor industri barang konsumsi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 22 Perusahaan manufaktur Sektor Industri barang Konsumsi dengan empat tahun periode pengamatan sehingga memiliki data observasi sebanyak 88 laporan Keuangan dengan hasil Provitabilitas dan Struktur modal tidak berpengaruh dan tidak signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan pada perusahaan manufaktur sektor industri barang konsumsi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Ukuran Perusahaan dan Tanggung Jawab Sosial berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap nilai Perusahaan pada perusahaan manufaktur sektor industri barang konsumsi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Provitabilitas, Ukuran Perusahaan, Tanggung Jawab Sosial dan Struktur Modal berpengaruh simultan dan signifikan terhadap Nilai Perusahaan pada perusahaan manufaktur sektor industri barang konsumsi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia.
Pengendalian Persediaan Bahan Baku Gulapada PT. XYZ
Authors: Musdirwan Musdirwan
Published: August 2022

PT XYZ merupakan perusahaan manufaktur yang memproduksi minuman ringan. Permasalahan tersebut muncul dari segi pengendalian persediaan yang dilakukan oleh PT XYZ yang belum mencapai hasil yang optimal. Diketahui melalui penerimaan bahan baku ke perusahaan ini, dan sering terjadi kenaikan dan penurunan pemesanan, sehingga biaya pemesanan bahan baku yang dilakukan oleh PT XYZ menjadi lebih tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan penawaran pengendalian bahan baku, sehingga pembelian bahan baku lebih efektif. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah metode min max inventory dan metode EOQ. Cara ini dilakukan dengan pengendalian jumlah minimum dan maksimum, serta titik pemesanan kembali persediaan dengan rencana pemesanan persediaan (order plan), sehingga tidak terjadi kekurangan (out of stock) maupun kelebihan persediaan (overstock). Dan hasil rata-rata pemesanan persediaan optimal dengan metode Min Max adalah 77.181 kg sebanyak 12 pemesanan dengan biaya Rp. 28.487.437. Sedangkan menggunakan metode EOQ pemesanan bahan baku sebanyak 231.544 kg untuk 4 kali pemesanan dengan biaya Rp. 6.392.126.
SIMULAÇÃO DE PROCEDIMENTOS BÁSICOS PARA ALUNOS DOS PRIMEIROS SEMESTRES DA GRADUAÇÃO EM ENFERMAGEM
Authors: Nascimento Michelle Ingridy Machado do , Beserra Eveline Pinheiro , Teles Liana Mara Rocha , Lima Camila Albuquerque Lima Albuquerque , Sousa Weslley Monteiro Amora , Lima Maria Alzete de
Published: August 2022

Avaliar a percepção dos estudantes de enfermagem acerca do uso de simulação realística de procedimentos básicos de Enfermagem para alunos do primeiro ano da graduação para aquisição de competências. Este é um estudo quase-experimental. A amostra do estudo foi composta por 49 discentes participantes. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio do teste de normalidade Shapiro-Wilk e o teste t de Student. Ao analisar, a categoria conhecimento pode-se perceber que tanto na simulação 1 como na simulação 2, o item relacionado ao planejamento das ações obteve maior média. A categoria habilidade nas simulações 1 e 2, obteve maior média relacionada a habilidade em técnicas e procedimentos de enfermagem, mostrando que mesmo nos semestres iniciais, por meio da simulação os alunos se sentiram capacitados a realizar o procedimento. Na categoria atitude, em ambas simulações a maior média foi no item interesse em aprender. Comparando as médias de conhecimento, habilidade e atitude na simulação 1 e 2, pode-se inferir que embora haja diferença entre as médias, do primeiro para o segundo momento, descritas pelo valor t. O  p-valor confirma que não há diferença estatisticamente significante  entre as médias. A simulação mostrou-se uma ferramenta eficaz de ensino, facilitando a consolidação do conhecimento e despertando maior interesse por parte dos discentes. O uso de práticas simuladas requer capacitação permanente dos docentes para fortalecer o uso dessa metodologia.
Misunderstanding Law: Undergraduates’ Analysis of Campus Title IX Policies
Authors: Albrecht Kat , Nielsen Laura Beth , Wuorinen Lydia
Published: August 2022

Colleges and universities are legally required to attempt to prevent and redress sexual violations on campus. Neo-institutional theory suggests that the implementation of law by compliance professionals rarely achieves law’s goals. It is critical in claims-based systems that those who are potential claimants understand the law. This article demonstrates that (a) intended subjects of the law (colleges and universities) interpret and frame the law in very similar ways; (b) resultant policies are complex and difficult to navigate; and (c) university undergraduates in an experimental setting are not able to comprehend the Title IX policies designed to protect them. These findings suggest that current implementations of Title IX policies leave them structurally ineffective to combat sexual assaults on campus.
Sensitivity analysis for the interactive effects of internal bias and publication bias in meta-analyses
Authors: Mathur Maya B
Published: August 2022

Meta-analyses can be compromised by studies' internal biases (e.g., confounding in nonrandomized studies) as well as publication bias. These biases often operate nonadditively: publication bias that favors significant, positive results selects indirectly for studies with more internal bias. We propose sensitivity analyses that address two questions: (1) ‘‘For a given severity of internal bias across studies and of publication bias, how much could the results change?”; and (2) ‘‘For a given severity of publication bias, how severe would internal bias have to be, hypothetically, to attenuate the results to the null or by a given amount?” These methods consider the average internal bias across studies, obviating specifying the bias in each study individually. The analyst can assume that internal bias affects all studies, or alternatively that it only affects a known subset (e.g., nonrandomized studies). The internal bias can be of unknown origin or, for certain types of bias in causal estimates, can be bounded analytically. The analyst can specify the severity of publication bias or, alternatively, consider a ‘‘worst-case” form of publication bias. Robust estimation methods accommodate non-normal effects, small meta-analyses, and clustered estimates. As we illustrate by re-analyzing two published meta-analyses, the methods can provide insights that are not captured by simply considering each bias in turn. The methods can provide insights that are not captured by simply considering each bias in turn. An R package implementing the methods is available (multibiasmeta).
Fog as unconventional water resource: mapping fog occurrence and fog collection potential for food security in Southern Bolivia
Authors: Castelli Giulio , Cuni Sanchez Aida , Mestrallet Aixa , Cruz Montano Limber , Lopez de Armentia Teresa , Salbitano Fabio , Bresci Elena
Published: August 2022

“Valles Cruceños” rural region, Bolivia, is characterized by an intrinsic water scarcity and an increasing pressure for food production by the neighboring and fast-sprawling city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra. Here, orographic fog is a daily phenomenon occurring all the year round, representing a sustainable water source for improving farmers’ resilience to dry spells and for promoting food security and sovereignty. With the present study, we aim at a first assessment of the potential of fog collection in the area by a 1-year experimental analysis made through 1-m2 fog collectors in 10 different locations. Starting from these data, we design under safe assumption (including a sensitivity analysis) a fog water irrigation system providing water for a standard theoretical field with four local crops (maize, green beans, potato, and tomato) in the dry season. The present paper represents the first study on fog collection in Bolivia, showing that, on annual basis, an average of 6.01 l/m2/d can be obtained from most productive areas, with peaks up to 8.93 l/m2/d. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, the work represents one of the first consistent studies on the productive use of orographic fog, while large part of the literature focuses on advection fog, mostly occurring in the Pacific Coast of South America.
Anti-inflammatory and Cytokines Modulatory Activities of Spondias mombin Linn. (Anacardiacea) in Wound Healing: Roles of IL6
Authors: Agbaje Esther Oluwatoyin , Charles Omiyale Olumakinde
Published: August 2022

Health problems relating to wound healing remain a significant issue in health management. Various formulations of Spondias mombin Linn. (Anacardiaceous) serves potent roles in ethnomedicine. To explore the counter-inflammatory and cytokines modulatory roles together with the antioxidant and wound healing properties of Spondias mombin Linn. (Anacardiaceous) leaves essential oil (SMEO) on excised wounds. Spondias mombin Linn. (Anacardiaceous) leaves essential oil was isolated through hydro distillation essential in Clevenger type apparatus (Borosil, India). Then thirty-eight healthy adult male albino rats (250 ± 20g) were grouped randomly into (n=6); Group 1- 50 µL 1% SMEO, Group 2- 0.1% DMSO and Tween 20 (Control), Group 3- Dermazin® ointment, Group 4-untreated, Group 5-50µL 10% SMEO, Group 6- 50µL 15% SMEO, with two unwounded samples, were treated for 14 days. Tissues of two rats was harvested per group on the 3 rd, 10th and 14th days after excision, wounded areas were excised for RT-qPCR cytokines analysis and gene expression (Light Cycler, Mannheim, Germany) (IL 6, IL1β, TNFα). The SMEO of (25–100 μg/ml) was passed through Total antioxidant/flavonoid/phenol phytochemical estimation assays. The assays showed high presence of flavonoids/phenols. The 10% and 15% essential oil healing progression showed efficiency over the standard. Cytokine analysis/gene expression revealed a significant reduction in IL6 levels, a key regulator of other pro-inflammatory cytokines and reparative process, after the 3rd, 7th and 14th day. The extracted Spondias mombin Linn. essential oil showed stimulation of an anti-inflammatory effect through a significant reduction of IL-6 levels as compared to the vehicle and standard treatment on the 3 rd, 10th through to the 14th day of the treatment course, neo-vascularization, tissue regeneration phase and overall improved wound healing better than the standard.
Uni5 Approach to Treat PCOS associated with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Chhalliyil Pradheep , Nandini Usha , Thota Neelima
Published: August 2022

In this current case report, A 54-year-old non-alcoholic, married woman presented with chief complaints of abdominal pain and unbearable pain while passing urine, CT scan revealed an enlarged liver (16.2 cm in size) and a thick-walled cystic lesion measuring (4.3*4.1*6.0 in the right ovary adnexa) on 17th October 2020. The patient started following Uni5 treatment in November 2020 and continued the treatment until she was cured completely. Based on the five elements principle, she was treated for four months with Uni5 cleansing treatment, hot oil fomentation, liver tonic-rich herbs, and probiotics-rich food. Her condition was monitored through a CT scan, and after two months she was relieved from uterine fibroid and liver enlargement. This indicates that there is an association between Gut microbiomes, fatty liver, and polycystic ovarian syndrome. Therefore, a uterine fibroid can be entirely cured through Uni5 treatment.
Evaluation of acute oral toxicity of lemon grass oil and citral in albino rats
Authors: Xavier Adheena , Rani S Suja , Shankar R , Nisha AR , Sujith S , Uma R
Published: August 2022

Essential oils, which are the plant derived secondary metabolites have been reported for various traditional medicinal applications. Amongst them, lemongrass oil (LGO) derived from Cymbopogon spp. as well as its major constituent citral possess a myriad of therapeutic potentials. The present study has been undertaken to study the adverse effects of LGO and citral on acute oral exposure to Sprague Dawley rats to establish the preliminary safety of these compounds prior to their efficacy evaluation against fatty liver disease. The toxicity study was conducted as per OECD guidelines No. 420. The LGO and citral were solubilized in 1% tween 80 and administered orally in a sequential manner in one animal at 2000 mg/kg (sighting study) followed by four animals (main study). The animals were then monitored for any clinical abnormalities or mortality and body weight gain during the observational period of 14- days, after which the animals were sacrificed and examined for abnormal lesions. LGO was further subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis to characterize its chemical constituents, which revealed alpha and beta citral as the two major constituents. The rats treated with LGO and citral survived throughout the study period and didn’t exhibit any clinical abnormalities. Moreover, body weight gain was comparable to the vehicle treated rats and necropsy revealed no pathological alterations. Thus, the present study indicated LGO and citral as safe compounds with an LD50 greater than 2000 mg/kg and could be labelled as category 5/unclassified in hazard category of Globally harmonized system for classification of chemicals.
Improved method of DNA extraction from leaf and rhizome samples of black turmeric (Curcuma caesia) for molecular analysis
Authors: Sahu Vinod Kumar , Tantawi Keerthi , Sapre Swapnil , Mishra Nishi , Tiwari Prakash N , Gigaulia Prashant , Nema Sushma , Tiwari Sharad
Published: August 2022

Curcuma caesia belongs to the genus Curcuma and the family of Zingiberaceae, which is a very important but unexplored medicinal plant. It is locally known as black turmeric or kali halide and is mainly used by the local tribal community as traditional medicine for the health sector. The rhizome of black turmeric has wide applications in the economic pharma sector due to essential active ingredients. This research aims to standardize a rapid, simple and efficient protocol for DNA extraction in Curcuma caesia which can be used for another genus of Zingiberaceae to obtain DNA from leaf samples. Changes in the concentration of components of DNA extraction buffer have improved the quantity of DNA from leaf samples compared to rhizomes. Extracted DNA samples also proved more efficient in PCR amplification of DNA barcode primers. The protocol developed in the present study is more efficient for leaf samples of Curcuma caesia compared to rhizome samples.
de-O-methyllasiodiplodin from Ludwigia hyssopifolia causes death of human liver cancer cells through the mitochondrial apoptotic, Akt/NF-κB and STAT3 pathway in vitro
Authors: Peng Yu , Gong Yuruo , Wang Congwei , Shi Dujuan , Zhang Jinyan , Zhang G Wei Kevin , Yang Xinzhou , Li Xiaojun
Published: August 2022

(+)-(R)-de-O-methyllasiodiplodin (DOML), isolated from the Chinese herbal medicine Ludwigia hyssop folia, has great potential for development in pharmacological research on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In our study, the CCK-8 assay, morphological observation, flow cytometry (also known as Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining), as well as Western blotting were adopted to study the anti-liver cancer activity and mechanisms of DOML on HepG2 and HuH-7 cells. The research exhibited that DOML dose- and time-dependently reduced the cell viability of HCC cells. DOML treatment resulted in changes in cell morphology, such as irregular edges, reduced volume, and decreased adhesion were observed under the microscope. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that apoptosis is the major form of cell death. In addition, blocking autophagy and necroptosis pathways couldn’t alleviate DOML-induced apoptosis. Protein expression levels of Bax, activated Caspase-3 and Caspase-9, and PARP were increased, while Bcl-2 protein levels were reduced by DOML treatment, which suggested that the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway may be involved in DOML-induced cell death. Moreover, the expression of NF-κB and the phosphorylation of Akt and STAT3 decreased with the increase of dosage, suggesting that the apoptotic mechanism might be related to the Akt/NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways. All these results indicate that DOML has the potential effects of anti-hepatoma.
Entrepreneurial Intention of Management Students in Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Ghimire Binod , Neupane Bashu
Published: August 2022

This study attempts to examine the relationship between risk tolerance and self-efficacy in entrepreneurial intention. A convenient sampling method was applied to select respondents. Self-structured questionnaires were used to collect the data. Out of the 180 questionnaires distributed to the graduated and post-graduate management students in Kathmandu valley, only 140 questionnaires were received and this study is based on the analysis of them. Descriptive and correlation research designs had been used to analyze them. The study concludes that risk tolerance capacity does not influence the students' intentions to start a new business. This result shows somehow inverse results than other previous studies. However, the study concludes that self-efficacy was important in determining the entrepreneurial intentions of graduates and post-graduate students. This result supports the previous study. Therefore, self-efficacy is to take positively related to entrepreneurial intention.
A Newborn in Western Nepal with Harlequin Ichthyosis: A Case Report
Authors: Rajput Prabhat Singh
Published: August 2022

Harlequin ichthyosis (HI) is a rare autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis with an incidence of 1 in 300,000 live births. It is lethal in 44% of cases and the baby is usually prematurely born. These babies have thick, highly keratinized armor-like skin, which forms large diamond, trapezoid or rectangular plates separated by deep fissures. These affect the shapes of eyelids, nose, mouth and ears, and also limit movement of the arms, legs and chest.
This condition is linked with a nonsense or frameshift mutation in the ABCA12 gene, which is responsible for lipid transport in the keratinocytes. This gene synthesizes a protein that transports a lipid, epidermoside, a glucosylceramide, out of stratum corneum cells in the epidermis.
To our knowledge, this is the first case report on Harlequin ichthyosis from Nepal, which makes this case unique. The take away lesson from this case is that couples with consanguineous marriages should undergo screening of ABCA12 gene if they plan to conceive.
Study on Clinical Profile and Impact of Septoplasty in Patients Attending National Medical College Birgunj for Deviated Nasal Septum
Authors: Rain MD Kamaluddin , Pradhan Ram Kumar , Dhungana Inclub
Published: August 2022

Introduction: A deviated nasal septum is a common anatomic disorder that presents in up to 62% of the population but, not all are symptomatic. However, it may play a critical role in nasal obstruction symptoms, aesthetic appearance of the nose, increased nasal resistance and sometimes snoring. This study was done with an aim to determine the profile of subjects having deviated nasal septum and assess the impact of septoplasty on them.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done at National Medical College, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Birgunj from January 2022 to June 2022. Total 30 cases with symptomatic deviated nasal septum were included. Ethical clearance (F-NMC/579/078-79) was obtained from institutional review committee of NMC Birgunj. Details of nasal patency test followed by anterior rhinoscopy and nasal endoscopy were noted. Patients were followed up on 1st, 7th and 30th day post operatively after septoplasty. Pre and post operative comparison was done by using NOSE questionnaire. Wilcoxon signed rank test was done.
Results: The ratio of male to female being 1.1:1. The age of the patients varied between 18 to 55 years, and the mean age was 29.07±10.409 years. most common type of deviation seen was type IV (30%). Nasal obstruction was seen in all the study cases which was followed by headache (76.7%) There was decline in the Nose scoring gradually from preoperative period to postoperative period. In anterior rhinoscopy spur (73.3%) was the most common finding. A significant (p<0.001) improvement in nose score after septoplasty was seen.
Conclusion: Significant improvement in NOSE score was seen in our study which was in accordance with similar studies conducted.
Outcomes of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Raya Akash , Bhatta Pashupati Nath , Yadav Aditya Prakash , Shahi Sanjiv Kumar
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the gold standard first-line treatment for renal stones. It a successful, less invasive surgery (> 90%) but with high complication rate (> 10%). The study aims to see the outcome of PCNL in patients with renal stone who were treated.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective study which included all the cases that presented with renal stone and who underwent PCNL for the treatment. The data included in this study was from April 2019 to December 2021. Ethical clearance was obtained from the institutional Review Committee (F-NMC/578/078-079). The data were collected from the records available in the record section We evaluated the distribution of presentation, puncture site, stone clearance, blood loss, postoperative stenting and complications of the surgery.
Results: The total of 63 cases underwent PCNL in our institute. The mean age of the patients was 34.68±14.108 years and mean size of the stone was 5.7531±18.07804 cm3. Among the total cases, 52% cases presented with renal stone on the left kidney, 54% presents in the pelvic ureteric junction. In 71% cases puncture was made in the lower pole and in 63.5% single puncture was made to proceed. Complete clearance of stone was seen in 94% cases, 4.8% developed urosepsis and 6.3% required blood transfusion. Stenting was done postoperatively in 95% cases.
Conclusion: The total stone clearance rate in our study was 94% which higher when compared to other study. With the increase in case flow the efficacy of the procedure will increase and along with this the outcome of the procedure will increase.
Recent Updates in Surgical Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Review Article
Authors: Shakya Pawan , Poudel Sagar
Published: August 2022

Benign prostatic hyperplasia refers to the non-malignant growth or enlargement of the prostate gland and is a general cause of lower urinary tract symptoms in men which rises with growing age. There is a wide range of management options available from watchful waiting, and medicinal therapy to various surgical intervention methods. Though medicinal therapy is the preliminary treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia, some patients lack the desire to keep on with the extended duration, and on occasion, they must break either due to treatment failure or side effects. Lately, numerous innovative surgical methodologies have been established to provide patients with efficient therapy on a day-care basis, without the risk of general anaesthesia and with rapid recovery, marginal morbidity, and safeguarding the reproductive function.  Existing treatment alternatives for benign prostatic hyperplasia differ in the extent of intrusiveness, efficiency, complications, and cost-effectiveness. Various treatment modalities are available these days that are less invasive and have lesser complications as compared to conventional transurethral resection of the prostate. It helps curtail expenses, preserve time for recovery, curb untoward general and reproductive side effects. Laser, endoscopic, robotic, water vapor utilization, and various other minimally invasive methods have demonstrated their effectiveness in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia in various studies.
Non-Thyroidal Illness Syndrome: A Pattern of Thyroid Dysfunction Seen in Intensive Care Unit Patients of a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Sah Sanjay Kumar , Gupta Suprita , Marasini Surendra , Yadav Nirdhan , Jha Amit Chandra , Jha Sudhakar , Shrestha Brijesh
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The response to the endocrine mechanism including thyroid gland hormones to critical illness is a complex phenomenon.1 There is a marked and distinct changes in the levels of thyroid hormones in critical illness.2 The magnitude of the decrease in circulating tri-iodothyronine (fT3) levels (also known as non-thyroidal illness) during the first 24 hour after the onset of acute illness reflects the severity of illness and correlates with mortality. The study aims to evaluate the thyroid function test (TFT) of critically ill patients. The results of the study will be helpful in determining the thyroid picture of the critically ill patients in our setting and definitely help in assessing the outcome of the patient admitted in ICU or ward.

Materials and Methods: This is a hospital based cross sectional study. A total of 150 cases with the critical illness assessed as per Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score were enrolled in the study from 12th December 2021 to 15th June, 2022. Informed written consent and ethical approval were taken.

Results: The majority of the cases (52%) were of geriatric age group with the mean age of 57 years. Majority of the study participants (42%) in APACHE II were from 20–24 across all participants, and both sexes. Fifty‑one percent of the patients had reduced fT3 levels. There was an increase in percentage of patients with decreased fT3 levels with increasing APACHE II score, compared to normal fT3 levels at similar APACHE II score and the distribution was found to be statistically significant (p = 0.0233). Of the 68 patients expired, 52 of them had low fT3 levels whereas only 16 cases expired were with the normal fT3 level, making it a strong predictor of severity and outcome.

Conclusion: Decrease in the levels of fT3, a condition of non-thyroidal illness, is a crucial prognostic indicator in critically ill patients which in coordination APACHE Score II can be helpful in clinical settings to predict the severity and outcome of such patients.
Empirical Analysis of the Hugh Gray 'Nessie' Photograph
Authors: Watson Roland
Published: August 2022

The first photograph said to be of the Loch Ness Monster was taken on 12th November 1933 around noon by a local man by the name of Hugh Gray. I say "Loch Ness Monster" because I believe the photograph to be genuine and part of the evidence portfolio. The picture that generally circulates is shown below. The Scottish Daily Record took his picture and Mr. Gray gave the following account to them having been interviewed by Hugh Mackenzie (the future Provost of Inverness), Peter Munro representing Hugh Gray's employers at the British Aluminium Company and a Daily Record staff member:

Four Sundays ago, after church I went for my usual walk near where the river enters the Loch. The Loch was like a mill pond and the sun shining brightly. An object of considerable dimensions rose out of the water not very far from where I was. I immediately got my camera ready and snapped the object which was two or three feet above the surface of the water. I did not see any head, for what I took to be the front parts were under the water, but there was considerable movement from what seemed to be the tail, the part furthest from me. The object only appeared for a few minutes then sank out of sight.

A contemporary picture of Hugh Gray was printed later which I don't think flatters him much but is shown below to show you the man behind the monster.

The tenor of the account suggests some throwing up of spray and water as the presumed tail beat about the waters and hence caused some blurriness around that region of the picture. Mackenzie described Gray as a man highly respected by his fellow workmen, employers and locals. Likewise, the Daily Record had the negative examined by four experts who deemed it as untampered. It caused a stir, was panned by zoologists and faded along with general Nessie-lore as the World entered war six years later. Twenty-two years on, Nessie author, Constance Whyte, visited Hugh Gray in May 1955 who was sticking to his story and still had vivid memories of that day plus he also recounted five other times he claimed to have seen the monster over those decades. Renowned monster hunter, Tim Dinsdale, also recounts how he visited Gray in April 1960 and described him as "a most courteous individual" as he took him to the spot of the sighting[4]. He spoke with "complete conviction" about that day as well as maintaining an accuracy of his account. He also added some detail of his other sightings which partly consisted of rapidly moving bow waves with no visible cause. What remains of the photograph today is uncertain.
Regional Organization at a Glance: The Case for SADC (Southern African Development Community)
Authors: Sharon Songamla
Published: August 2022

Regional integration is considered as an important tenet to enhance economic development and stability for emerging countries. It places emphasis on peace, protection, human and political stability, and brings broad avenue for technology transfer. SADC is considered as one of the organization that provides a basis for successful economic transformation in the continent. Trade liberalization increases competition and provides for product specialization and allows developing countries to enhance competitive edge that boost business confidence. The organization is concerned about sustainability and food security and so, taking agriculture development and human development as a strategy, to fight for these challenges. With the right policies and strategies, the member states can overcome the vicious circle of poverty and thereby ensured food security. Economic performance is largely attributed to positive political system as well as introduction of macroeconomic policies within member countries. SADC governments should focus on measures that boosts productivity, strengthens regional market for favorable trade flows and deepens integration. In future, SADC organization is expected to generate a substantial increase in its production levels and improves its trade and cross-border investment.
The Effect of Quebec’s CEGEPs on Total Years of Schooling
Authors: Fortin Pierre , Mishagina Natalia , Royer Jimmy
Published: August 2022

We describe the CEGEP ( collèges d’enseignement général et professionnel) innovation of the late 1960s in Quebec and study its early effect on total years of schooling in the province, with Ontario as control. We first compare the broad trends in post-secondary enrolment and credentials in Quebec and Ontario over the long period of 1960–2018. We then estimate the effect of the CEGEP reform on total years of schooling of the cohorts that were initially treated. To this end, we apply a simple difference-in-differences methodology to 2001 Census microdata for Francophone and Anglophone men and women. We find that the effect of CEGEPs has been broadly positive and significant.
L’effet des cégeps du Québec sur le nombre total d’années de scolarité
Authors: Fortin Pierre , Mishagina Natalia , Royer Jimmy
Published: August 2022

Nous décrivons la réforme collégiale des années 1960 au Québec et nous étudions l’effet initial de la création des cégeps sur la scolarisation des jeunes Québécois en la comparant à celle des jeunes Ontariens. Nous suivons les grandes tendances de la fréquentation scolaire et de l’obtention de diplômes au niveau postsecondaire de 1960 à 2018. Puis nous estimons l’effet de l’arrivée des cégeps sur le nombre total d’années de scolarité des premières cohortes touchées. Une analyse de différence de différences appliquée aux hommes et aux femmes francophones et anglophones au moyen des microdonnées du Recensement de 2001 nous permet d’estimer que l’effet initial des cégeps a été globalement positif et substantiel.
The Factory and the Hub: An Anatomy of Canada’s Import Dependence on the US
Authors: Martin Julien , Mayneris Florian
Published: August 2022

We revisit the reliance of Canada on the US for its imports using new product-level data on the country of origin, the last exporting country, and the transport mode of Canadian imports. We not only show that the US is a key supplier of Canada, but also a key logistical hub: half of the imports from non-US suppliers enter Canada through the US. Therefore, 77 percent of Canadian imports are tied to the US through production or logistical linkages, well above the 55 percent usually reported in the public debate. We show that this reliance on the US is pervasive across most product categories and for Canada’s main trade partners. We exploit this new measure of reliance on the US together with input-output tables to quantify the direct and indirect reliance of Canadian industries on the US through their input usage. For the average Canadian industry, the US-related content of its inputs reaches 24 percent. We finally discuss some of the policy implications of these results.
Prevalence and predictors of persistent post-COVID-19 symptoms
Authors: Estrada-Codecido Jose , Chan Adrienne K , Andany Nisha , Lam Philip W , Nguyen Melody , Pinto Ruxandra , Simor Andrew , Daneman Nick
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: The pandemic has affected hundreds of millions of people; early reports suggesting high rates of prolonged symptoms may be prone to selection bias. METHODS: In a program caring for all SARS-CoV-2 positive inpatients and outpatients between March to October 2020, and offering universal 90-day follow-up, we compared those who died prior to 90 days, not responding to follow-up, declining, or accepting follow-up. Among those seen or declining follow-up, we determined the prevalence and predictors of persistent symptoms. RESULTS: Among 993 patients, 21 (2.1%) died prior to 90 days, 506 (50.9%) did not respond, 260 (26.1%) declined follow-up because they were well, and 206 (20.7%) were fully assessed. Of 466 who responded to follow-up inquiry, 133 (28.5%) reported ≥1 persistent symptom, including constitutional (15.5%), psychiatric (14.2%), rheumatologic (13.1%), neurologic (13.1%), cardiorespiratory (12.0%), and gastrointestinal (1.7%). Predictors differed for each symptom type. Any persistent symptom was more common in older patients (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.11, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.18/5 years), those diagnosed in hospital (aOR 2.03, 95% CI 1.24 to 3.33) and those with initial constitutional and rheumatologic symptoms. Patients not responding to follow-up were younger and healthier at baseline. CONCLUSION: Persistent symptoms are common and diverse 3 months post-COVID-19 but are likely over-estimated by most reports.
Luteinizing Hormone and Ovarian Stimulation for In-Vitro Fertilization: Do Science and Business Always Agree?
Authors: Kol Shahar , Kol Shahar , Humaidan Peter
Published: August 2022

The current commentary paper follows the historical introduction of gonadotropins and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues to the in-vitro fertilization (IVF) market. We maintain that business decisions significantly influenced research and development; however, pharma decisions did not always align with physiology and clinical interests. Specifically, the never-ending debate on the issue of luteinizing hormone (LH) supplementation during ovarian stimulation was repeatedly studied using population-based randomized controlled trials. However, LH activity supplementation is an endocrine issue and therefore, specific endocrine inclusion/exclusion criteria should be used when assessing the needs or not for LH in our “every-day” patients. We propose that the approach until now has defocused the research question and thus, also the debate and that there is a need to revisit physiology and clinical thinking if the LH supplementation issue is to be unravelled.
LEGAL ASPECTS OF ENSURING GENDER EQUALITY
Authors: Protosavitska Liudmyla
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the value of the idea of gender equality. Legal (gender) equality implies equal rights and opportunities for both men and women. In the context of European integration processes, the issue of ensuring and guaranteeing social and legal equality in all spheres of public life, both de jure and de facto, is important and relevant for Ukraine. With this in mind, bridging the gap and guaranteeing gender equality, including analysing the legal framework and guaranteeing equal rights and opportunities for both men and women in all spheres of public life, makes this study very relevant. The purpose of the article is to study the provision of gender equality in society, analyse the legal framework, and to clarify the causes of gender discrimination and help to overcome gender gaps in the social, cultural, political and economic spheres and more. The study of this problem uses a wide range of methods of scientific knowledge: the theoretical method allows organising a variety of knowledge about gender. The sociological method helps to identify various gender parameters and compare them with social characteristics. The application of the historical method allows for a gender assessment of various historical processes. The prognostic method allowed to find out the prospects of gender development both in the region in particular and in the developed civilized society in general. Socio-psychological method allows exploring the social roles of men and women, the relationship between the sexes, their features and psychological characteristics. The article presents the results of the study of gender issues both in the world and in Ukraine; the specific features of the division of society into two social groups on the basis of gender are covered; it is clarified how the gender approach is implemented in politics, economics and social sphere; the main directions of ensuring gender equality, guaranteed by international and Ukrainian legislation, are identified. The scientific article substantiates the need to use the gender component in legislative activities, including in politics, economics, social sphere; the necessity of using the advanced world experience of ensuring and realisation of gender equality is substantiated; based on the results of systematic scientific analysis, the basic principles of gender policy implementation in modern national and foreign legislation are determined
New terminological units and peculiarities of their functioning in the languag
Authors: Vakulyk
Published: August 2022

The work examines modern names, which are included in the term system as
an organized lexical mass, and are used in other subject areas for the purpose of language economy. The
author tries to distinguish between deterrminologization and a family of new terms, which appeared at the
beginning of the third millennium in connection with the spread of coronovirus disease, as well as the
Russian-Ukrainian war. The goal of the research is to analyze the peculiarities of functioning in the scientific
community of some new terminological units that have appeared in our society, caused by the appearance of
Kovydou and the unsupported aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. Methods. The work
uses a structural-typological approach to the language univercities in a synchronous and diachronic
perspective, which is conditioned by the communicative discourse and is tested at the lexical level.
Discussion. The innovations that appear in the vocabulary are the result of nominatio n, due to which
the language units and the objects they signify are related. Also, there are some non-linguistic phenomena
that are mirrored in current realities. The term Convid-19 at extraordinary speed became a part of the
scientific community, was integrated into modern languages, underwent graphical adaptation, and took
"forgotten" terms with it. The article reveals the peculiarities of the spread of neoterms, which are popularized
by means of modern media, as well as due to the development of new technologies. The author tries to
demonstrate how terms and nonterms are separated, whether there are some interfaces between the
function of terms and general national vocabulary, and whether the term is de-terminologized.
Conclusions. The increase in the number of terminological units and, accordingly, the volume of new
terminologies, which serve them, is the result of so-called scientific revolutions, The new terminologies they
serve are the result of the so-called scientific revolutions, which are carried out under the mighty influence of
the factual research, which requires elaboration by means of the lexicon of the general national language.
Does Baseline Mental Health Influence Outcomes among Workers’ Compensation Claimants Undergoing Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion?
Authors: Patel Madhav Rajesh , Jacob Kevin Chacko , Amin Kanhai S. , Ribot Max A. , Pawlowski Hanna , Prabhu Michael C. , Vanjani Nisheka Navin , Singh Kern
Published: August 2022

Study Design: This was a retrospective cohort study.Purpose: This study investigated the influence of preoperative mental health on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and minimal clinically important difference (MCID) among workers’ compensation (WC) recipients undergoing minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS TLIF).Overview of Literature: No studies have evaluated the impact of preoperative mental functioning on outcomes following MIS TLIF among WC claimants.Methods: WC recipients undergoing single-level MIS TLIF were identified. PROMs of Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for back and leg pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), 12-item Short Form Physical and Mental Composite Scale (SF-12 PCS/MCS), and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function evaluated subjects preoperatively/postoperatively. Subjects were grouped according to preoperative SF-12 MCS: <41 vs. ≥41. Demographic/perioperative variables, PROMs, and MCID were compared using inferential statistics. Multiple regression was used to account for differences in spinal pathology.Results: The SF-12 MCS <41 and SF-12 MCS ≥41 groups included 48 and 45 patients, respectively. Significant differences in ΔPROMs were observed at SF-12 MCS at all timepoints, except at 6 months (p≤0.041, all). The SF-12 MCS <41 group had worse preoperative to 6-months SF-12 MCS, 12-weeks/6-months VAS back, 12-week VAS leg, and preoperative to 6-months ODI (p≤0.029, all). The SF-12 MCS <41 group had greater MCID achievement for overall ODI and 6-weeks/1-year/overall SF-12 MCS (p≤0.043, all); the SF-12 MCS ≥41 group had greater attainment for 6-month VAS back (p=0.004).Conclusions: Poorer mental functioning adversely affected the baseline and intermediate postoperative quality-of-life outcomes pertaining to mental health, back pain, and disability among WC recipients undergoing lumbar fusion. However, outcomes did not differ 1–2 years after surgery. While MCID achievement for pain and physical function was largely unaffected by preoperative mental health score, WC recipients with poorer baseline mental health demonstrated higher rates of overall clinically meaningful improvements for disability and mental health
In Vertebral Hemangiomas with Neurological Deficit, Is a Less Extensive Approach Adequate
Authors: K. Guna Pratheep , Shetty Ajoy Prasad , K. S. Sri Vijay Anand , Kavishwar Rohit , Kanna Rishi Mugesh , Rajasekaran Shanmuganathan
Published: August 2022

Study Design: This was a retrospective study.Purpose: To analyze the surgical and neurological outcomes following surgical decompression in patients with aggressive vertebral hemangioma (AVH) presenting with neurological deficit and to determine whether a less extensive approach is appropriate.Overview of Literature: AVHs are a rare subset of benign vascular tumors frequently presenting with neurological deficit because of spinal cord compression. Though the results of surgical management have improved over time, there is a lack of consensus on the ideal management in this group of patients.Methods: Twenty-one patients who underwent surgery for AVH between 2009 and 2018 were analyzed. Demographic and clinical details of patients were retrieved from hospital information system. Imaging information (i.e., radiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging) of all patients was accessed and analyzed in picture archiving and communication system. Tumor staging was performed using Enneking and Weinstein–Boriani–Biagini classifications and Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score. At followup, neurological and radiological evaluations were performed.Results: Twenty-one patients (13 [61.9%] females and 8 [38.1%] males) were included with a mean age of 44.29 years (range, 14–72 years). All patients in the study had neurological deficit. Back pain was present in 80.9% of patients. Mean duration of symptoms was 4.6 months (range, 1 day to 10 months). Most common lesion location was thoracic spine (n=12), followed by thoracolumbar (D11– L2; n=7) and lumbar (n=2) regions. Ten patients had multiple level lesions. All patients underwent preoperative embolization. Nine patients underwent intralesional spondylectomy with reconstruction; another nine patients underwent stabilization, decompression, and vertebroplasty; three patients underwent decompression and stabilization. Neurology improved in all patients, and only one case of recurrence was noted in a mean follow-up of 55.78±25 months (range, 24–96 months).Conclusions: In AVH, good clinical and neurological outcomes with low recurrence rates can be achieved using less extensive procedures, such as posterior instrumented decompression with vertebroplasty and intralesional tumor resection.
Biografia e educação: aspectos histórico-teórico-metodológicos
Authors: Xavier Antônio Roberto , Vasconcelos José Gerardo , Xavier Lisimére Cordeiro do Vale
Published: August 2022

Este artigo tem como enfoque principal promover o debate sobre as pesquisas de cunho biográfico, em geral, e especificamente educacional. Como é praxe nas pesquisas científicas, este estudo teve como fio condutor as seguintes querelas problematizadoras: as pesquisas biográficas devem ser consideradas e aceitas no mundo acadêmico como científicas? Se forem, que critérios devem ser seguidos? Visando atender a referida demanda, esta escrita de gênero teórico é do tipo descritiva, quanto ao objetivo, e qualitativa, quanto à abordagem. Como procedimento técnico, adota-se a pesquisa bibliográfica em fontes secundárias por meio de revisão de literatura. Como técnica interpretativa das fontes, emprega-se a análise do discurso. Em conclusão, a priori, as pesquisas biográficas se apresentaram como possibilidade ímpar para dar visibilidade às ações e atuações de sujeitos sociais anônimos, inclusive de professores(as), em todos os níveis, incluindo os(as) leigos(as), de pouca ou de nenhuma formação no campo intelectual, pois, o que se investigam são suas práticas educativas e a realidade social do contexto delimitado.