bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fear of cancer recurrence in patients with multiple myeloma: Prevalence and predictors based on a family model analysis
Authors: Hu Xiaochun , Wang Weida , Wang Ye , Liu Ke
Published: September 2020

Objective

Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is a common psychosocial sequela among cancer survivors, but data on patients with multiple myeloma are scarce. This study calculated the prevalence of FCR and identified family and social factors that predict FCR in the study population.

Methods

We recruited 127 myeloma patients and their partners to participate in a cross‐sectional survey from a regional tertiary cancer centre in China. The questionnaires included items on demographic characteristics and from the fear of disease progression simplified scale, family hardiness index and Social Support Scale. Univariate and multivariate regression was used to identify predictors of FCR.

Results

Of the participants, 56.4% patients reported high‐level FCR, which was similar to the partner‐reported proportion. The partners' FCR was positively associated with the patients' FCR, while family hardiness and social support were statistically significant, negative predictors.

Conclusions

Interventions to mitigate partners' FCR and improve family hardiness and social support may help with the psychological adjustment and well‐being of myeloma patients.
Novel Mechanistic PBPK Model to Predict Renal Clearance in Varying Stages of CKD by Incorporating Tubular Adaptation and Dynamic Passive Reabsorption
Authors: Huang Weize , Isoherranen Nina
Published: September 2020

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has significant effects on renal clearance (CLr) of drugs. Physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models have been used to predict CKD effects on transporter‐mediated renal active secretion and CLr for hydrophilic nonpermeable compounds. However, no studies have shown systematic PBPK modeling of renal passive reabsorption or CLr for hydrophobic permeable drugs in CKD. The goal of this study was to expand our previously developed and verified mechanistic kidney model to develop a universal model to predict changes in CLr in CKD for permeable and nonpermeable drugs that accounts for the dramatic nonlinear effect of CKD on renal passive reabsorption of permeable drugs. The developed model incorporates physiologically‐based tubular changes of reduced water reabsorption/increased tubular flow rate per remaining functional nephron in CKD. The final adaptive kidney model successfully (absolute fold error (AFE) all < 2) predicted renal passive reabsorption and CLr for 20 permeable and nonpermeable test compounds across the stages of CKD. In contrast, use of proportional glomerular filtration rate reduction approach without addressing tubular adaptation processes in CKD to predict CLr generated unacceptable CLr predictions (AFE = 2.61–7.35) for permeable compounds in severe CKD. Finally, the adaptive kidney model accurately predicted CLr of para‐amino‐hippuric acid and memantine, two secreted compounds, in CKD, suggesting successful integration of active secretion into the model, along with passive reabsorption. In conclusion, the developed adaptive kidney model enables mechanistic predictions of in vivo CLr through CKD progression without any empirical scaling factors and can be used for CLr predictions prior to assessment of drug disposition in renal impairment.
Preclinical evidence of Yinchenhao decoction on cholestasis: A systematic review and meta‐analysisof animal studies
Authors: Shi Kaiyun , Wen Jianxia , Zeng Jinhao , Guo Yaoguang , Hu Jike , Li Cong , Zhao Yanling , Ma Xiao
Published: September 2020

Cholestasis is an important cause of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Yinchenhao decoction has been used as a well‐known traditional Chinese medicine used in the treatment of cholestasis for over 2,000 years. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the preclinical evidence of Yinchenhao decoction on cholestasis models. The following databases were searched from inception to February 2020. Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP medicine information system, Wanfang Database, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched. The content concerned Yinchenhao decoction on different animal model experiments for the treatment of cholestasis. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed based on the SYstematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experimentation Animal Experiment Bias Risk Assessment Tool. A meta‐analysis was conducted with RevMan 5.3 software according to the Cochrane tool. Nineteen studies on a total of 404 animals were included with five kinds of experimental animal models. The results showed that serum total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), indirect bilirubin and total bile acid in the group treated with Yinchenhao decoction were significantly lower than those in the model group (P < 0.00001). The alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels in the Yinchenhao decoction group were also significantly reduced (P < 0.00001). The subgroup analysis of the different models showed that Yinchenhao decoction had a significant effect on the bile duct ligation model, and there was a significant reduction in TBIL, DBIL and ALT levels (P < 0.00001) in ANIT‐induced cholestasis. After 24 hours of Yinchenhao decoction treatment, there was no significant difference in TBIL levels (P= 0.34), but after 48 and 72 hours of treatment, the TBIL levels were significantly reduced compared with the model group (P < 0.00001). There was no significant difference in DBIL after 48 hours of administration (P= 0.26), but compared with the model group, Yinchenhao decoction could significantly reduce the DBIL levels after 48 hours of treatment (P < 0.0003). Yinchenhao decoction could significantly reduce the ALT levels after 24, 48 and 72 hours (P <0.006). Yinchenhao decoction was able to significantly reduce the levels of TBIL, DBIL and ALT on different rat species: Wistar and Sprague Dawley (P= 0.0001;P= 0.0002). The preclinical evidence indicated that Yinchenhao decoction might be a potent and promising agent for cholestasis. Moreover, this conclusion should be further confirmed with more well‐designed researches.
The role of medicinal products in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) through inhibition of TLR4/NF‐kappaB pathway
Authors: Dejban Pegah , Nikravangolsefid Nasrin , Chamanara Mohsen , Dehpour Ahmadreza , Rashidian Amir
Published: September 2020

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a lifelong and recurrent disease of the gastrointestinal tract that afflicts many people in the world. Growing evidence has currently indicated that dysfunction of immune system, particularly toll‐like receptors 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway dysfunction plays a pivotal part in the pathogenesis of IBD. TLR4 signaling is involved both in the pathogenesis and in the efficacy of treatment of IBD. There are some medicinal products and herbal medicines, which their role in the treatment of IBD through modulation of TLR4 signaling has been implicated. The purpose of this review article is to summarize those medicinal products and herbal medicines.
Modes of coastal precipitation over southwest India and their relationship with intraseasonal variability
Authors: Hunt Kieran M. R. , Turner Andrew G. , Stein Thorwald H. M. , Fletcher Jennifer K. , Schiemann Reinhard K. H.
Published: September 2020

The west coast of India, dominated by the Western Ghats mountain range, is among the rainiest places in the Tropics. The interaction between the land–sea contrast of the coast, the monsoonal westerlies, and the oblique mountains is subject to complex intraseasonal variability, which has not previously been explored in depth. This study investigates that variability from the perspective of the land–sea contrast, using empirical orthogonal function analysis to discern regimes of onshore and offshore rainfall over southwest India and the eastern Indian Ocean. Locally, it is found that the rainfall is most sensitive to midtropospheric humidity: when this is anomalously high, deep convection is encouraged; when this is anomalously low, it is suppressed. A moisture‐tracking algorithm is employed to determine the primary sources of the anomalously wet and dry midtropospheric air. There are important secondary contributions from low‐level vorticity and cross‐shore moisture flux. The dominant control on intraseasonal variability in coastal precipitation is found to be the Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation (BSISO): over 75% of the strongest offshore events occur during phases 3 and 4; and about 40% of the strongest onshore events occur during phases 5 and 6. The location of monsoon low‐pressure systems is also shown to be important in determining the magnitude and location of coastal rainfall.
First‐principle study of doping effects (Ti, Cu, and Zn) on electrochemical performance of Li2MnO3 cathode materials for lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Moradi Zahra , Heydarinasab Amir , Pajoum Shariati Farshid
Published: September 2020

Li‐rich layered Mn‐based oxide (LMO) cathode materials, with the formation of Li2MnO3, have attracted much attention due to their potential in various applications with high energy density. However, these cathode materials for Lithium‐ion batteries still suffer from drawbacks such as poor rate capability and voltage decay, which makes further investigation vital and rational. Here, the doping strategy is employed to investigate the effect of TM = Ti, Cu, and Zn on Li2Mn0.5TM0.5O3 cathode materials for improving electrochemical performances of Li2MnO3. Electrochemical properties such as voltage, electrical conductivity, safety, structural stability, and kinetics and mechanism of Li‐ion diffusion are evaluated and compared. All doped cathodes decrease the voltage reduction and improve the electrical conductivity coefficient in comparison with LMO. Doping Cu notably increases the electrical conductivity of LMO by 77%. Ti doping exhibits the potential to increase the maximum voltage of LMO and structural stability. Doping Zn and Cu elements can delay the oxygen loss significantly, which leads to a higher life cycle and safety. In addition, doping Zn is expected to have a higher Li‐ion diffusion coefficient due to its low energy barrier and partial charge of oxygen atoms in its cathode structure. This first‐principle study of doping effects of TM = Ti, Cu, and Zn with α = 0.5 in Li2Mn0.5TMαO3 may be a useful leading study for further investigation into the synthesis of lithium‐rich materials with enhanced electrochemical performance.
Single‐Particle Entanglement
Authors: Azzini Stefano , Mazzucchi Sonia , Moretti Valter , Pastorello Davide , Pavesi Lorenzo
Published: September 2020

This review is about single‐particle entanglement. Entanglement occurs when the state of a quantum system with at least two degrees of freedom has a particular non‐separable form. In the case of single‐particle entanglement, this quantum correlation is shared by the same particle being it a photon, a neutron, an ion, or an atom. Here, the basics of quantum entanglement are discussed focusing on the case it is related to the degrees of freedom of a single particle. It is discussed how the violation of peculiar inequalities in this context rules out any realistic non‐contextual hidden variable theory alternative to quantum mechanics. Moreover, experiments that demonstrate single‐particle entanglement for photons, neutrons, and atoms are discussed. Finally, the applications of single‐particle entanglement as a resource for quantum information are discussed and specifically quantum key distribution is detailed, where the use of single‐particle entangled photons allows to improve the security of the BB84 protocol.
On phase deficit of the super‐twisting second‐order sliding mode control algorithm
Authors: Boiko Igor
Published: September 2020

The notion of phase deficit was introduced in [12], which allows one to determine if a nonlinear system can reveal finite‐time or asymptotic convergence. Twisting and suboptimal second‐order sliding mode control algorithms and a conventional relay feedback system were analyzed from the perspective of the phase deficit. However, phase deficit for the super‐twisting algorithm was not determined at that time due to the complexity of the problem. Therefore, although it is known that the super‐twisting algorithm reveals finite‐time convergence (when no parasitic dynamics are present), it was not supported by the criterion based on the phase deficit. In the current article this problem has been solved through an open‐loop interpretation of the phase deficit, which is proposed in the article. Another problem addressed in the article is the relationship between the frequency characteristics of the system and the type of convergence (finite‐time or asymptotic). The mechanism of convergence is analyzed through considering time‐varying frequency of self‐excited oscillations and phase lag of the linear part of the system.
Stochastic approximation with nondecaying gain: Error bound and data‐driven gain‐tuning
Authors: Zhu Jingyi , Spall James C.
Published: September 2020

Our problem of interest is to minimize a sequence of scalar‐valued loss functionsfk(·)or to locate the root(s) of a sequence of vector‐valued functionsgk(·)corresponding to timewith respect to a parameter. The available information for the minimization/root‐finding is the noise‐corrupted observation(s) of eitherfk(·)orgk(·)evaluated at afewof certain design pointsonly. Taking both the dynamics and randomness into consideration, we use stochastic approximation (SA) algorithms to solve the time‐varying problem, but with a nondecaying gain (stepsize). The tracking performance of the nondecaying gain SA algorithm is guaranteed by a computable bound for the root‐mean‐squared error and mean‐absolute‐deviation. The only assumption imposed on the drifts is that the average distance between two consecutive underlying true parameters is bounded from above—this assumption allows the varying target to change abruptly. The error term arising from using the noisy evaluation offk(·)orgk(·)in constructing the search direction is assumed to have bounded second‐moment—this allows for biased estimator to be used in the SA algorithms. Given the lenient assumptions on the drift and error term, the error bounds apply to a broad class of time‐varying scenarios and are useful for finite‐sample analysis. Since the tracking capability characterizes the average performance across all possible sample paths, it may not provide much guidance on the gain‐tuning strategies useful for one single run. Hence, we propose a data‐dependent gain‐tuning strategy based on estimating the Hessian information and the noise level. The adaptive rule is advantageous as it enables the step size to vary with information gathered during the progress of the estimation procedure.
Object detection, recognition, and tracking from UAVs using a thermal camera
Authors: Leira Frederik S. , Helgesen Håkon Hagen , Johansen Tor Arne , Fossen Thor I.
Published: September 2020

In this paper a multiple object detection, recognition, and tracking system for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has been studied. The system can be implemented on any UAVs platform, with the main requirement being that the UAV has a suitable onboard computational unit and a camera. It is intended to be used in a maritime object tracking system framework for UAVs, which enables a UAV to perform multiobject tracking and situational awareness of the sea surface, in real time, during a UAV operation. Using machine vision to automatically detect objects in the camera's image stream combined with the UAV's navigation data, the onboard computer is able to georeference each object detection to measure the location of the detected objects in a local North‐East (NE) coordinate frame. A tracking algorithm which uses a Kalman filter and a constant velocity motion model utilizes an object's position measurements, automatically found using the object detection algorithm, to track and estimate an object's position and velocity. Furthermore, a global‐nearest‐neighbor algorithm is applied for data association. This is achieved using a measure of distance that is based not only on the physical distance between an object's estimated position and the measured position, but also how similar the objects appear in the camera image. Four field tests were conducted at sea to verify the object detection and tracking system. One of the flight tests was a two‐object tracking scenario, which is also used in three scenarios with an additional two simulated objects. The tracking results demonstrate the effectiveness of using visual recognition for data association to avoid interchanging the two estimated object trajectories. Furthermore, real‐time computations performed on the gathered data show that the system is able to automatically detect and track the position and velocity of a boat. Given that the system had at least 100 georeferenced measurements of the boat's position, the position was estimated and tracked with an accuracy of 5–15 m from 400 m altitude while the boat was in the camera's field of view (FOV). The estimated speed and course would also converge to the object's true trajectories (measured by Global Positioning System, GPS) for the tested scenarios. This enables the system to track boats while they are outside the FOV of the camera for extended periods of time, with tracking results showing a drift in the boat's position estimate down to 1–5 m/min outside of the FOV of the camera.
The coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic: simulation‐based assessment of outbreak responses and postpeak strategies
Authors: Struben Jeroen
Published: September 2020

It is critical to understand the impact of distinct interventions on the ongoing coronavirus disease pandemic. I develop a behavioral dynamic epidemic model for multifaceted policy analysis comprising endogenous virus transmission (from severe or mild/asymptomatic cases), social contacts, and case testing and reporting. Calibration of the system dynamics model to the ongoing outbreak (31 December 2019–15 May 2020) using multiple time series data (reported cases and deaths, performed tests, and social interaction proxies) from six countries (South Korea, Germany, Italy, France, Sweden, and the United States) informs an explanatory analysis of outbreak responses and postpeak strategies. Specifically, I demonstrate, first, how timing and efforts of testing‐capacity expansion and social‐contact reduction interplay to affect outbreak dynamics and can explain a large share of cross‐country variation in outbreak pathways. Second, absent at‐scale availability of pharmaceutical solutions, postpeak social contacts must remain well below prepandemic values. Third, proactive (targeted) interventions, when complementing general deconfinement readiness, can considerably increase admissible postpeak social contacts.

© 2020 System Dynamics Society
8‐3: Invited Paper: OLED Lighting Design and Roll‐to‐Roll Manufacturing
Authors: May Christian , Toerker Michael , Hesse Jan , Hauptmann Jacqueline , Keibler-Willner Claudia , Philipp André , Wieczorek Martin
Published: September 2020

OLED lighting technology offers huge possibilities for novel lighting products. Large volume commercial success can only be achieved if unique design possibilities are consequently employed in novel application scenarios and cost effective roll‐to‐roll production technology. The unique design options of OLED technology as well as the current status of roll‐to‐roll technology are therefore described in detail. Special focus is given on patterning methods.
13‐4: Late‐News Paper: Effect of Molecular Structure of Host Materials on Thermal Stability and Device Characteristics of Solution Processed OLEDs
Authors: Lee Ja Yeon , Kim Jaeseung , Kim Hyunjung , Suh Min Chul
Published: September 2020

The light emitting layer of organic light emitting diode (OLED) is formed by uniformly mixing host and dopant. However, phase separation is often observed during fabrication of solution processed OLEDs. In particular, phase separation due to π‐π stacking is frequently observed during thermal annealing. Hence, the materials with a high glass transition temperature (Tg) are required because phase separation accelerates during annealing process if Tg is too low. To understand this phenomenon, we synthesized two host materials with similar molecular weights but different three‐dimensional connectivity which causes different rotational freedom. In both cases, when the annealing temperature rises above 120 °C, the dopant completely escaped from the EML. However, the material that does not disturb the molecular stacking order by annealing due to its limited free rotation through internal bond shows much better device characteristics even after annealing at a higher temperature than Tg.
15‐3: Resistance Reduction of Mo Metallization by W Seed Layer
Authors: Köstenbauer Harald , Schmidt Hennrik , Lorenz Dominik , Linke Christian , Zhang Ying , Dong Chengyuan , Winkler Joerg
Published: September 2020

We show that the resistance of a Mo metallization can be reduced by 30% using a thin W seed layer below the Mo layer. The effect is explained by changes in film microstructure and is additive to improvements by increasing the substrate temperature. It is shown that these changes do not negatively affect process integration like dry etching.
18‐2: Improvement of the Light Leakage of HUD System
Authors: Kamoshida Kenta , Tadauchi Ryo , Shimada Takashi , Ogura Kenji , Murata Mitsuhiro
Published: September 2020

When a large backlight of high luminance is used for HUD, light leakage might occur at the corner of LCD. The detailed analysis found that photo‐elastic effect of glass and its birefringence leads to the light leakage. Also it was found that the uneven distribution of the temperature on the polarizer could be the root cause of the shrinkage. Proper introduction of wire‐grid substrate can be an effective countermeasure to improve the light leakage.
25‐2: LTPO TFT Technology for Level Shifter Integrated Gate Driver in UHD 4K Displays
Authors: Rahaman Abidur , Kim Hyunho , Jang Jin
Published: September 2020

We demonstrate the level shifter integrated gate drive circuits using Low‐Temperature Poly‐Si (LTPO) TFT technology. Three level shifters are integrated with a 16‐stage 2‐clock CMOS shift register. A low 5 V start pulse is level up to a high 20 V for gate driving operation. The 4 μs pulse width ensures its speed compatibility to drive an Ultra‐High Definition (UHD) 4K displays (3840 X 2160 @ 60 Hz).
27‐3: Improved Device Performance for Inkjet Printed OLEDs via Interfacial Mixing Control
Authors: Kim Heung Gyu , Lee Seung Mook , Shin Dongwoo , Ha Jaekook , Lee Changhee
Published: September 2020

Interfacial mixing between a solution‐processed hole transport layer and an emitting layer with thermal annealing (bake) process affects the device performance. We demonstrate that the moderate bake condition can improve device performance significantly; 133% increase in luminous efficiency and over 3 times enhancement in operation lifetime (T95) compared to the control device.
44‐2: Invited Paper: More than microLEDs: Mass Transfer of Pixel Engines for Emissive Displays
Authors: Jain Nikhil , Bower Christopher A. , Meitl Matthew A. , Bonafede Salvatore , Radauscher Erich , Pearson Andrew , Raymond Brook , Vick Erik , Verreen Chris , Prevatte Carl , Weeks Tiffany , Krongard Brad , Rotzoll Robert , Rogers John A.
Published: September 2020

MicroLED flat panel displays offer performance advantages that cannot be matched by OLED or LCD, and there is a growing industry consensus that microLED will become the next major flat panel display category. At present, leading companies are demonstrating steady progress against the technological challenges that historically impeded the commercialization of microLED displays, such as those related to mass transfer in manufacturing and efficient fabrication of low‐current, micron‐scale optoelectronic devices. Equally important and also challenging is the pixel‐level circuitry that can efficiently and reliably drive the emitters in these displays. Mass transfer for microLED displays most frequently refers to the process used to distribute small LEDs across a display substrate, but it can also open entirely new advantageous possibilities in backplane design. Mass transfer of microIC drivers as pixel engines for microLED displays is gradually receiving increased attention as a path toward unmatched efficiency, dynamic range, and brightness. This pixel engine display manufacturing approach provides key enabling factors for capital‐efficient, near‐term implementation of microLED displays for consumer markets.
49‐2: Color reproduction in reflective displays: Stacked CMY
Authors: Henzen Alex , Zhou Guofu , Zhong Benpeng
Published: September 2020

E‐paper technology has evolved slowly since the introduction of monochrome electrophoretic displays, particularly in the field of color reproduction and video frame rate. However, in order to achieve a reasonable reflectance, sacrifices had to be made to chromaticity gamut. Using electrowetting stacked CMY technology as reference, the performance of reflective displays is evaluated, and various advanced configurations are demonstrated.
58‐3: Distinguished Paper: High‐Efficient Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes with Blue Cadmium‐free Quantum Dots
Authors: Ryowa Tatsuya , Ishida Takeshi , Sakakibara Yusuke , Kitano Keisuke , Ueda Masaya , Izumi Makoto , Ogura Yuko , Tanaka Masanori , Nikata Soichiro , Watanabe Mayuko , Takasaki Mikihiro , Itoh Tetsuji , Miyanaga Akiharu
Published: September 2020

We report outstanding electroluminescence properties of high efficient blue cadmium‐free quantum dot light emitting diodes (QD‐LED). External quantum efficiency (EQE) of 14.7% was achieved for QD‐LED emitting at 428nm. Furthermore we developed high efficiency and narrow wavelength emission Zinc Selenide (ZnSe) nanocrystals emitting at 445nm and achieved QD‐LED with an EQE of 10.7%. These new QDs have great potential to be used in next generation QD‐LED display with wide colour gamut.
59‐1: FFS‐Based Privacy LCD with High Contrast and Transmittance
Authors: Murata Koji , Yoshida Hidefumi , Hanaoka Kazutaka , Shimada Shinji
Published: September 2020

We have developed an FFS‐based LCD that can be switched between two display modes: 1) wide view mode with high contrast ratio and 2) narrow view mode enabling privacy. By combining the new LCD configuration with Soft Veil View technology, our 5.3‐inch prototype has successfully enabled: 1) enhanced optical properties and 2) privacy mode with a larger off‐axis area that prevents unauthorized image viewing.
70‐1: Invited Paper: Advances in the Development of Flexible AMOLED Displays
Authors: Yuan Ze , Kang Jiahao , Haojun Luo , Zhang Kun , Chen Long , Kim Charles , Kim Jiha , Chiu Chang Ming , Li Jian-Peng , Chen Zhen-Peng , Qin Jie-Hui , Zhou Jin-Jie , Lee Bong-Geum , Yu Xiaojun , Wei Peng , Liu Zihong Bill
Published: September 2020

Flexible AMOLED technology is setting up the stage for end‐product innovations to come, exemplified by the great attention it has gained on the consumer market over the past year, e.g. the launch of FlexPai. In this work, we describe several selective topics in the development of Royole's flexible AMOLED display module, which will further enhance the overall performance and reliability of medium‐sized flexible OLED display.
70‐3: Distinguished Paper: Flexible OLED Display with 620 Degree Celsius LTPS TFT and Touch Sensor Manufactured by Weak Bonding Method
Authors: Ke Tsung-Ying , Kang Ting , Lee Chih-Tsung , Chen Chun-Yu , Su Wei-Jen , Wang Wen-Ting , Huang Zih-Shuo , Wang Jen-Chih , Hsu Shou-Te , Wang Cheng-Liang , Lai Yen-Huei , Wang Wan-Tsang , Liu Chun-Hsin , Lin Kun-Yu
Published: September 2020

By weak bonding method, the first OLED display with 620°C LTPS TFT and touch sensor, without PI substrate, formed on glass substrates are transferred to non‐PI flexible substrates respectively. After transfer, the display image is free from defect and touch sensor functions normally. The advantages of transferring are shown.
73‐3: Invited Paper: Influences of Circadian Illuminances from Lighting and TV on the Human Locomotor Activity, Sleep Disorder, EEG, HRV, and Melatonin Secretion
Authors: Kim Dae Hwan , Kim Changwook , Lee Seung Min , Choi Sunwoong , Mo Hyun-Sun , Park Jingyu , Kim Donguk , Kang Heejoon , Kim Hyungjik , Kim Seohyeon , Lee Kyeongnam , Kim Daejeong , Do Young Rag
Published: September 2020

To address the need for an accurate evaluation of circadian illuminance (CIL) that precisely characterizes the intensity of blue light emanated by displays and/or lighting and to investigate how the blue light affects the human body biology, we developed the circadian illuminometer and applied it to two comparative clinical studies. In terms of the CIL from lighting, all of the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity, sleep quality, and melatonin secretion were improved for 12 subjects under circadian lighting in comparison to normal lighting. In a comparative study of the effects of evening watching TVs in high dynamic range mode, i. e., using two different types of 65‐inch TVs (A and B) in the market, on an electroencephalography (EEG), heart rate variability (HRV), and melatonin secretion, B is found for 32 subjects to have a better health effect on the human body than A in perspective of visual fatigue, arousal, concentration, comfort, and sleep disorder. A also showed significant circadian disturbance, which are mainly caused by a higher CIL in A (54.28 blx) than in B (25.18 blx). Finally, our results show evidence that the effects of CIL on locomotor activity, sleep disorder, EEG, HRV, melatonin, and circadian rhythm can potentially play the role of a new performance metric for human‐centric displays/lighting.
75‐2: Design Criteria in the Development of Anti‐Glare Surfaces
Authors: Sitter Brett
Published: September 2020

Anti‐glare (AG) surfaces are used for, improved outdoor readability and improved haptics. Design criteria to be considered when using AG surfaces are sparkle, gloss level, distance from pixels, and PPI. Design trade‐offs will be discussed, and 3M will introduce a new technology that reduces sparkle caused by AG surfaces.
82‐1: Invited Paper: Latest Status of Blue and Green Laser Diodes and Laser Packages for Display Applications
Authors: Okahisa Eiichiro , Masui Shingo , Yanamoto Tomoya , Nagahama Shin-ichi
Published: September 2020

The wall‐plug efficiency of blue and green Laser Diode (LD) chips for laser display applications exceeding 48% and 21% respectively was achieved. Our development laser package with 24 blue LD chips installed has achieved an optical output power over 120 watts.
P‐191: Late‐News‐Poster: Effects of Channel Doping on Flexible LTPS TFTs: Density of State, Generation Lifetime, and Image Sticking
Authors: Kim Hyojung , Park Jongwoo , Song Jangkun , Choi Byungdeog
Published: September 2020

In this paper, effects of boron channel doping on the low temperature poly‐silicon (LTPS) TFT were comprehensively investigated with respect to the density of state (DOS), generation lifetime and image sticking. The LTPS TFT and metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (MOS) capacitors fabricated in a way of varying boron doping, and flexible panels were characterized by I‐V and C‐V measurement. With increasing boron doping, the interface trap density (Nit) tends to increase. In fact, the DOS of p‐Si TFT reveals that the shallow level defects increase, whereas the deep level defects decrease with increasing dose. It is found that C‐t measurement is a useful tool for the generation lifetime (τg) associated with impurities of p‐Si. In turn, τg is inversely proportional to image sticking index that reflects one of critical attributes for display image performance and quality.
P‐196: Late‐News‐Poster: Low‐Temperature All Sputter IGZO‐TFT Fabricated with Amorphous Metal Thin‐Films
Authors: Kearney Dylan River , Mendez Jose Eduardo , Self Sarah R. , Anderson Jason P. , Muir Sean W.
Published: September 2020

The flexibility, strength, and smoothness of amorphous metal thin‐films have enabled the development of a new generation of high‐performance diode and transistor devices for flat panel and thin‐film electronic applications. This work reports on recent progress toward the development of amorphous metal thin‐film transistors. The etch stop layer type transistors reported in this work demonstrate field effect mobilities as high as 20 cm2/V·s, depending on the processing conditions. All thin‐film layers for these amorphous metal thin‐film transistors were deposited using sputter physical vapor deposition techniques at room temperature. The low temperature processing, as well as the strong and flexible nature of amorphous metals, makes amorphous metal thin‐film transistor technology potentially useful for robust high‐speed highly flexible electronics.
P‐28: Investigating the Usability of Touchscreen Interfaces in a Turbulent Flight Deck – For Panning and Numeric Data Entry Tasks
Authors: Smith Mark A. , Plant Katherine L. , Parnell Katie J. , Wynne Rachael A. , Stanton Neville A.
Published: September 2020

This paper studies the use of touchscreen displays on the flight deck, focusing on the usability of touch interfaces to complete panning and numeric entry tasks. Results from this study show that the usability of a drag gesture to meet a pan function, surpasses the performance of a simple tapping interface under all turbulent conditions tested. Also, that this drag interface is more useable in an inter‐seat flight deck position, than a central one. It was also found that touchscreen interfaces can surpass the performance of the traditional mechanical dial interface for numeric data entry tasks, under all turbulent conditions tested.
P‐45: Effect of Ar / O2 Flow Ratio during Sputtering of InZnO Active Layer on Photocurrent and Responsivity Characteristics of Amorphous InZnO Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Fan Changhui , Xin Yu , Qin Ludong , Zhou Xiaoliang , Zhang Shengdong
Published: September 2020

The photocurrent and responsivity characteristics of amorphous InZnO (a‐IZO) thin film transistors (TFTs) under different Ar:O2 gas flow ratio when growing the IZO active layer by sputtering are investigated. As the Ar:O2 gas flow ratio increases, the photocurrent and responsivity increase by nearly two orders of magnitude, under the same light power density at a wavelength of 400 nm to 475 nm light illumination.
P‐60: Single‐Step Plasma‐Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Graphene on Cu Ink and Sputtered Cu Thin Films
Authors: Lu Chen-Hsuan , Leu Chyi-Ming , Lee Tzong-Ming , Yeh Nai-Chang
Published: September 2020

Ink materials for Inkjet Printing generally suffer from low conductivity, whereas the thickness of Cu interconnects requires further reduction for better flexibility. Here we demonstrate successful growth of graphene on both Cu Ink and sputtered Cu by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition as a promising solution to address the aforementioned issues.
P‐210: Late‐News Poster: 3D Projection Display Based on Up‐conversion Liquid Materials
Authors: Gao Hongyue , Ding Shili , Liu Jicheng , Luo Jiahao , Dai Zehang , Li Suna , Fang Huilin , Cheng Xiaoxi
Published: September 2020

In this paper, 3D Projection Display is presented in up‐conversion spatial materials. Under the excitation of 532 nm laser, the fluorescence was successfully excited in triplet ‐ triplet annihilation (TTA) materials. 3D projection images can be displayed in these materials, which can be applied in 3D spatial display.
P‐114: A Protection Structure of the Foldable Display for Preventing the Macro‐Cracks
Authors: Zhai Yingteng , Li Zhe , Yu Quanpeng
Published: September 2020

We proposed a structure of patterned TFT array films to prevent the macro‐cracks, which was implemented on the foldable organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) display. The out‐bending tests demonstrated that the protection structure can improve the reliability. And the limitation of the bending radius achieved to 1.5 millimeter.
P‐218: Late‐News‐Poster: On the Scalability of On‐Cell Touch for Flexible AMOLEDs
Authors: Hu Wenbing , Kang Jiahao , Luo Haojun , Wang Shaowen , Zhu Jian-Lei , Jiang Ze-Ning , Li Jian-Peng , Lee Bong-Geum , Yuan Ze , Yu Xiaojun
Published: September 2020

On‐cell touch (OCT) is an enabling technology for integrating touch sensor on an active‐matrix organic‐light‐emitting‐diode (AMOLED) display. The modeling of OCT at a full‐panel, end‐to‐end level is critical as it provides guidelines for process integration, sensor pattern and display panel design, as well as driving system design. This work uses an experimentally verified full‐panel model to provide insights into loading management, and the floating‐ground issue in OCT for AMOLED display. The scalability of such technology is further evaluated.
P‐158: Generation of Pretilt Angle and an Alignment Layer Utilizing Binary Mixture in PI‐less Vertical Alignment Mode
Authors: Lee Gwan Yong , Lee Jun Hyeok , Song Seong Min , Manda Ramesh , Lim Young Jin , Lee Seung Hee
Published: September 2020

We demonstrate new approach of polyimide (PI)‐less polymer stabilized vertical alignment (PS‐VA) mode in which binary mixture of single kind of reactive mesogen and LC induces a VA with temperature treatment. The induced VA is fixed at first UV exposure and then a pretilt angle is generated with second UV exposure. The proposed device with two‐step UV exposure exhibits excellent electro‐optics such as fast response time and enhanced on‐state transmittance. This approach fixes a vertical alignment physically unlike chemical bonding in conventional PI‐less VA mode, giving rise to high reliability.
Performance analysis of distributed storage clusters based on kernel and userspace traces
Authors: Daoud Houssem , Dagenais Michel R.
Published: September 2020

Distributed storage systems are commonly used in modern computing. They are highly scalable and offer data replication and fault tolerance. The complexity of those systems makes them difficult to debug using traditional tools. The existing tools are able to evaluate the overall performance of such systems but they do not provide enough information to find the root cause of performance issues. In this article, we propose a tracing‐based performance analysis framework for storage clusters. We use a tracing strategy that reduces the tracing overhead in production systems. The traces collected from the different storage nodes are correlated and used to generate a data model that represents the cluster. Userspace tracing is used to gather data from the storage daemons, while Kernel tracing is used to provide detailed information about operating system internals such as disk queues, network queues and process scheduling. Efficient data structures are used to store the model and to generate metrics and graphical views. Our tool is used in different real world scenarios and is able to investigate interesting performance problems including I/O latencies, data replication and storage nodes failures.
Influence of super absorbent polymer on mechanical, rheological, durability, and microstructural properties of self‐compacting concrete using non‐biodegradable granite pulver
Authors: Rajamony Laila Lija , Gurupatham Beulah Gnana Ananthi , Roy Krishanu , Lim James B. P.
Published: September 2020

This paper presents an experimental study to investigate the influence of super absorbent polymer (SAP) on mechanical, rheological, durability, and microstructural properties of self‐compacting concrete using a comparatively new environmental waste known as granite pulver (GP). The effectiveness of replacing cement by GP at 5, 10, 15, and 20% by weight, was investigated. The SAPs were used at volume fractions of 0.1 to 1% to the GP‐SSC (Granite Pulver‐Self‐cured Self‐compacting Concrete) mixtures to counteract self‐desiccation during the hydration of concrete. Along with the SAP, super plasticizer, and flyash (FA) were also added to improve the workability of the GP‐SSC mixtures. The physical, chemical, and microstructural properties of the cement, GP and flyash samples were determined. From the results, it was found that the GPs along with the SAPs increases the compressive strength by around 0.1%, when a replacement of cement by GP up to 15% was made with an addition of 0.3% of SAP. Similarly, an increase of 9.1% in flexural strength was observed for GP‐SSC mixtures, when 15% of GP along with 0.4% of SAP was added. The addition of SAP beyond 0.4% in GP‐SSC mixtures affects the filling and passing abilities. Therefore, with optimal replacement of cement by GP, the mechanical and durability properties of GP‐SSC mixtures can be improved, reducing the detrimental effects of GPs from the environment. Influence of SAP and GP waste in GP‐SSC mixtures. Analyzed mechanical, rheological, durability, and microstructural properties. Replacement of cement by GP up to 15% is favorable. 0.3% of SAP addition improves the pore structure and strength. Morphological and mineralogical studies prove GP as an effective cement replacement.
Advances in real‐time fiber‐optic Raman spectroscopy for early cancer diagnosis: Pushing the frontier into clinical endoscopic applications
Authors: Heng Howard Peng Sin , Shu Chi , Zheng Wei , Lin Kan , Huang Zhiwei
Published: September 2020

Real‐time fiber‐optic Raman spectroscopy has emerged as a compelling approach for biomedical diagnosis and characterization. This article reviews the following topics related to real‐time in vivo clinical Raman system development, such as (a) modern Raman instrumentation; (b) current developments in miniaturized fiber‐optic Raman probe designs and fabrications and (c) data processing techniques, artificial intelligence and machine learning for Raman classification and diagnosis. These synergistic advances over the past few decades play a central role in developing this unique label‐free biomolecular probe into a clinically relevant tool. The growing body of clinical literature at in vivo Raman endoscopy is an embodiment of an emerging powerful diagnostic technique that would revolutionize the future of healthcare in medicine. The past two decades of Raman endoscopic work are summarized with an emphasis on in vivo studies, illustrating the promising potential of real‐time fiber‐optic Raman spectroscopy to improve the early detection and diagnosis of precancer and cancer in vivo during clinical endoscopic examination. The challenges that exist in the widespread clinical implementation of this unique Raman diagnostic tool will be discussed, and the potential outlook in biomedical applications will also be outlined, particularly in endoscopy.
Social and environmental impacts on sleep in captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus)
Authors: Evison Emma , McKenzie Andrew , Holmes Lisa
Published: September 2020

Modern zoos strive to improve standards of animal management, husbandry and welfare of their animals as part of a continual evaluation process. Elephants (Elephantidae) have received particular attention in recent years due to the challenge of providing environments which promote natural behavior and opportunities for social interaction. A number of measures have been proposed to measure wellbeing, with sleep quality increasingly being used. Sleep is a vital aspect of life for cell replenishment as well as optimal development of young. Sleep deprivation can lead to immunosuppression and illness; therefore animal managers have a responsibility to ensure they reduce the potential for disturbance through noise, light, or other environmental factors. The social environment also plays an essential role in wellbeing, particularly for species that live in multi‐generational family units. In this study the nocturnal behavior of a multi‐generational captive herd was observed to determine impacts of husbandry changes on sleep duration and bout length (measured as recumbent rest). As expected, average total duration of sleep was higher in younger elephants and rates were comparable to those reported in other studies of Asian elephants. Overnight access to an outdoor paddock in warmer weather increased overall average bout length of sleep in the herd. Average total duration of sleep also increased for the herd following the movement of an unrelated adult female who had previously shown weak bonds with other herd members. This indicates that social compatibility is a vital component of elephant welfare, impacting not only behavioral interactions but sleep quality and duration.
Shedding new light on early sex determination in zebrafish
Authors: King Alex C. , Gut Michelle , Zenker Armin K.
Published: September 2020

In contrast to established zebrafish gene annotations, the question of sex determination has still not been conclusively clarified for developing zebrafish,Danio rerio,larvae, 28 dpf or earlier. Recent studies indicate polygenic sex determination (PSD), with the genes being distributed throughout the genome. Early genetic markers of sex in zebrafish help unravel co-founding sex-related differences to apply to human health and environmental toxicity studies. A qPCR-based method was developed for six genes: cytochrome P450, family 17, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (cyp17a1); cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1a (cyp19a1a); cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptides 1b (cyp19a1b); vitellogenin 1 (vtg1); nuclear receptor subfamily 0, group B, member 1 (nr0b1), sry (sex-determining region Y)-box 9b (sox9b) and actin, beta 1 (actb1), the reference gene. Sry-box 9a (Sox9a), insulin-like growth factor 3 (igf3) and double sex and mab-3 related transcription factor 1 (dmrt1), which are also known to be associated with sex determination, were used in gene expression tests. Additionally, Next-Generation-Sequencing (NGS) sequenced the genome of two adult female and male and two juveniles. PCR analysis of adult zebrafish revealed sex-specific expression of cyp17a1, cyp19a1a, vtg1, igf3 and dmrt1, the first four strongly expressed in female zebrafish and the last one highly expressed in male conspecifics. From NGS, nine female and four male-fated genes were selected as novel for assessing zebrafish sex, 28 dpf. Differences in transcriptomes allowed allocation of sex-specific genes also expressed in juvenile zebrafish.
A mortar-type finite element approach for embedding 1D beams into 3D solid volumes
Authors: Steinbrecher Ivo , Mayr Matthias , Grill Maximilian J. , Kremheller Johannes , Meier Christoph , Popp Alexander
Published: September 2020

In this work we present a novel computational method for embedding arbitrary curved one-dimensional (1D) fibers into three-dimensional (3D) solid volumes, as e.g. in fiber-reinforced materials. The fibers are explicitly modeled with highly efficient 1D geometrically exact beam finite elements, based on various types of geometrically nonlinear beam theories. The surrounding solid volume is modeled with 3D continuum (solid) elements. An embedded mortar-type approach is employed to enforce the kinematic coupling constraints between the beam elements and solid elements on non-matching meshes. This allows for very flexible mesh generation and simple material modeling procedures in the solid, since it can be discretized without having to account for the reinforcements, while still being able to capture complex nonlinear effects due to the embedded fibers. Several numerical examples demonstrate the consistency, robustness and accuracy of the proposed method, as well as its applicability to rather complex fiber-reinforced structures of practical relevance.
Explainable Machine Learning in Credit Risk Management
Authors: Bussmann Niklas , Giudici Paolo , Marinelli Dimitri , Papenbrock Jochen
Published: September 2020

The paper proposes an explainable Artificial Intelligence model that can be used in credit risk management and, in particular, in measuring the risks that arise when credit is borrowed employing peer to peer lending platforms. The model applies correlation networks to Shapley values so that Artificial Intelligence predictions are grouped according to the similarity in the underlying explanations. The empirical analysis of 15,000 small and medium companies asking for credit reveals that both risky and not risky borrowers can be grouped according to a set of similar financial characteristics, which can be employed to explain their credit score and, therefore, to predict their future behaviour.