bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of cannabidiol on simulated car driving performance: A randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover, dose‐ranging clinical trial protocol
Authors: McCartney Danielle , Benson Melissa J. , Suraev Anastasia S. , Irwin Christopher , Arkell Thomas R. , Grunstein Ronald R. , Hoyos Camilla M. , McGregor Iain S.
Published: July 2020

Objective

Interest in the use of cannabidiol (CBD) is increasing worldwide as its therapeutic effects are established and legal restrictions moderated. Unlike Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9‐THC), CBD does not appear to cause cognitive or psychomotor impairment. However, further assessment of its effects on cognitively demanding day‐to‐day activities, such as driving, is warranted. Here, we describe a study investigating the effects of CBD on simulated driving and cognitive performance.

Methods

Thirty healthy individuals will be recruited to participate in this randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled crossover trial. Participants will complete four research sessions each involving two 30‐min simulated driving performance tests completed 45 and 210 min following oral ingestion of placebo or 15, 300, or 1,500 mg CBD. Cognitive function and subjective drug effects will be measured, and blood and oral fluid sampled, at regular intervals. Oral fluid drug testing will be performed using the Securetec DrugWipe® 5S and Dräger DrugTest® 5000 devices to determine whether CBD increases the risk of “false‐positive” roadside tests to Δ9‐THC. Noninferiority analyses will test the hypothesis that CBD is no more impairing than placebo.

Conclusion

This study will clarify the risks involved in driving following CBD use and assist in ensuring the safe use of CBD by drivers.
Model selection for one‐day‐ahead AUD/USD, AUD/EUR forecasts
Authors: Imam Tasadduq
Published: July 2020

Literature on exchange rate forecasting often focuses on varied algorithms' prediction performances and is comparatively silent regarding lag length and model structure (linear or nonlinear) selection. However, model selection and lag lengths are important decision criteria for practitioners when undertaking technical analysis. This research explores the impact of varied lags and different model structures on one‐day‐ahead forecasts of AUD/USD and AUD/EUR exchange rates. Two linear (MLR and SVR with linear kernel) and three nonlinear (SVR with RBF kernel and three gamma values) data mining models are adopted, along with lag lengths of 1, 5 (1 trading week), 10 (2 trading weeks), 20 (1 month) or 120 (6 months) days for both non‐differenced and first‐order differenced time series. The investigation highlights that, irrespective of estimating the magnitude of future exchange rate or the future inter‐day changes in exchange rate, linear models outperform nonlinear models at lower lag levels (1 or 5 or 10 days). At higher lags (20 or 120 days) and for the first‐order differenced time series, nonlinear models show promising outcomes. The MLR model, which emphasises training error reduction, generally outperforms the SVR model, which emphasises generalisability. Nonlinear models may show some prediction biases, while linear models appear to show no specific bias. Thus, for technical analysis upon AUD/USD and AUD/EUR exchange rates, instead of using a large lag of historical prices, a linear model with a lag length of 1 can produce good one‐day‐ahead forecasts.
Dermal modifications of the red lionfish, Pterois volitans
Authors: Galloway Katherine A. , Frazier Delaney J. , Porter Marianne E.
Published: July 2020

Vertebrates have evolved flexible and hard dermal armor, but there is often a tradeoff between mobility and protection. Skeletal modifications include fish scales, the shells of tortoises and turtles, and the cranial projections that are found in marine iguanas and lionfish. Sexual dimorphisms of cranial structures are prominent in fishes; we hypothesized that cranial projections of Pterois volitans will change over ontogeny and are sexually dimorphic. The goal of this study is to quantify differences in the cranial armor of P. volitans over a range of sizes (juveniles to adults) to understand allometric growth and possible sexual dimorphisms using specimens from invaded ranges. We found no difference in the total number of cranial spines between sexes, suggesting that the number of cranial spines is not a sexually dimorphic trait in P. volitans. We found positive allometry for total cranial spine number, and length and width of the three largest cranial spines, with respect to the fish total length. Here, we also document another skeletal modification in P. volitans, which is the addition of spines on the caudal fin. Overall, these data show that P. volitans’ develop robust dermal modifications as they grow larger, and we suggest that phenotypic plasticity of this species should be explored in their native and invaded ranges.
The anoxic corrosion behaviour of copper in the presence of chloride and sulphide
Authors: Senior Nicholas A. , Martino Taylor , Binns Jeff , Keech Peter
Published: July 2020

The Canadian used fuel container for the long‐term containment of spent nuclear fuel in a deep geological repository comprises a 3‐mm copper corrosion barrier applied directly to a strong carbon steel container. Although a final site for the Canadian deep geological repository has not yet been chosen, the site selection process has narrowed down to two candidate locations with unique groundwater chemistry, particularly with respect to salinity. Therefore, to ensure the long‐term integrity of the used fuel container, the effect of a range of groundwater chemistries on copper corrosion must be understood. The primary variables of interest are the influence of chloride concentration and the consequences of the interaction of hydrogen sulphide, naturally present in the groundwaters in very low concentrations, with the copper cladding. An additional aspect that has been investigated is the behaviour of copper in pure water. The anoxic corrosion of copper can be inferred by the very slow release of hydrogen gas. In this paper, new data are presented, which demonstrate an extremely sensitive approach to quantify the very limited hydrogen release at 75°C. Initially, corrosion rates under conditions approximating an anticipated Canadian deep geological repository were significantly less than 0.5 nm/year and they invariably declined over the course of several months/years. The presence of chloride or hydrogen sulphide was found, under specific conditions, to stimulate short‐term corrosion behaviour, which was consistent with anion‐assisted surface rearrangement, not bulk corrosion.
Pulmonary Staphylococcus aureus infection regulates breast cancer cell metastasis via neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation
Authors: Qi Jia‐Long , He Jin‐Rong , Liu Cun‐Bao , Jin Shu‐Mei , Gao Rui‐Yu , Yang Xu , Bai Hong‐Mei , Ma Yan‐Bing
Published: July 2020

The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was recently identified as one of the most important processes for the maintenance of host tissue homeostasis in bacterial infection. Meanwhile, pneumonia infection has a poor effect on cancer patients receiving immunotherapy. Whether pneumonia‐mediated NETs increase lung metastasis remains unclear. In this study, we identified a critical role for multidrug‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection‐induced NETs in the regulation of cancer cell metastasis. Notably, S. aureus triggered autophagy‐dependent NETs formation in vitro and in vivo and increased cancer cell metastasis. Targeting autophagy effectively regulated NETs formation, which contributed to the control of cancer metastasis in vivo. Moreover, the degradation of NETs by DNase I significantly suppresses metastasis in lung. Our work offers novel insight into the mechanisms of metastasis induced by bacterial pneumonia and provides a potential therapeutic strategy for pneumonia‐related metastasis.
Phenotypic variance in monozygotic twins with SCA3
Authors: Zhao Hua , Yang Lu , Dong Yi , Wu Zhi‐Ying
Published: July 2020

Background

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder with high clinical heterogeneity. Twin study is valuable to estimate the contributions of gene and/or environment to phenotypic variance. However, SCA3 twins were extremely sparse and rarely reported.

Methods

A pair of monozygotic twins with SCA3 was assessed using well‐acknowledged scales. Genetic modifiers and methylation levels were determined by Sanger sequencing and pyrosequencing.

Results

Sharing identical CAG repeat lengths, the twins presented with similar symptoms, whereas, the younger sister had an earlier age at onset of two years. The occurrence time and severity of constipation, blepharospasm and fasciculation were markedly different between the twins. Notable methylation level differences of several CpG sites existed between the twins.

Conclusions

It is the first time to report SCA3 monozygotic twin worldwide. The role of epigenetic factors in the phenotype variance deserved more attention. The DNA methylation may influence the phenotypic variance by altering the occurrence time and severity of symptoms, indicating its potential in alleviating the disease.
Syringaresinol Protects against Type 1 Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Alleviating Inflammation Responses, Cardiac Fibrosis, and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Li Guangru , Yang Lei , Feng Lifeng , Yang Jiu , Li Yafei , An Jiale , Li Dihua , Xu Yang , Gao Yang , Li Jing , Liu Jie , Yang Liang , Qi Zhi
Published: July 2020

Scope

Syringaresinol (SYR) is a phenolic compound, which could be found in various cereals and medicinal plants. It exerts both anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant pharmacological properties. However, little is known about the effect of SYR on modulating diabetic cardiomyopathy. The present study aimed to investigate the pharmacodynamic effect of SYR on diabetic cardiomyopathy and the underlying molecular mechanism.

Methods and Results

In STZ‐induced type 1 diabetic mice, orally administration with SYR in every other day for 8 weeks significantly improves cardiac dysfunction and preventes cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. The macrophage infiltration and oxidative stress biomarkers are also suppressed by SYR without affecting hyperglycemia and body weight. In neonatal cardiomyocytes, high glucose‐induced cell apoptosis and fibrosis are potently decreased by SYR, and the inflammatory response and oxidant stress are also alleviated by SYR incubation. Mechanistically, SYR may exert protective effects by restoring suppression of antioxidant kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor‐E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) system and abnormal activation of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β)/mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (Smad) signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusion

The results indicated that SYR could be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative stress. The signaling pathway of Keap1/Nrf2 and TGF‐β/Smad could be used as therapeutic targets for diabetic complications.
Antibiotic Treatment Reduces the Health Benefits of Soy Protein
Authors: Sánchez‐Tapia Monica , Moreno‐Vicencio Daniela , Ordáz‐Nava Guillermo , Guevara‐Cruz Martha , Granados‐Portillo Omar , Vargas‐Castillo Ariana , Torres Nimbe , Tovar Armando R.
Published: July 2020

Scope

Soy protein is a high‐quality protein and its consumption has been associated with a reduction of serum cholesterol and triglycerides and an improvement in insulin resistance. However, it is not known whether the effects of soy protein are mediated by the gut microbiota. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess whether using antibiotics to partially eradicate the gut microbiota can prevent the beneficial effects of soy protein in rats.

Methods and results

Thus, rats are fed one of the following diets for 16 weeks: casein control, soy protein control, high‐fat casein, and high‐fat soy protein. The rats are then treated for 4 weeks with antibiotics. Body weight and composition, energy expenditure, glucose tolerance test, metabolic endotoxemia, and gut microbiota are measured before and after treatment with antibiotic. The results show that soy protein consumption decreases weight gain, body fat, metabolic endotoxemia, and increases energy expenditure and glucose tolerance. Antibiotic treatment suppresses all these metabolic effects. These changes are accompanied by modifying the diversity and taxonomy of the gut microbiota.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the evidence suggests that the health benefits of soy protein are partly dependent of the gut microbiota.
Using stochastic programming to solve an outpatient appointment scheduling problem with random service and arrival times
Authors: Shehadeh Karmel S. , Cohn Amy E. M. , Jiang Ruiwei
Published: July 2020

We study a stochastic outpatient appointment scheduling problem (SOASP) in which we need to design a schedule and an adaptive rescheduling (i.e., resequencing or declining) policy for a set of patients. Each patient has a known type and associated probability distributions of random service duration and random arrival time. Finding a provably optimal solution to this problem requires solving a multistage stochastic mixed‐integer program (MSMIP) with a schedule optimization problem solved at each stage, determining the optimal rescheduling policy over the various random service durations and arrival times. In recognition that this MSMIP is intractable, we first consider a two‐stage model (TSM) that relaxes the nonanticipativity constraints of MSMIP and so yields a lower bound. Second, we derive a set of valid inequalities to strengthen and improve the solvability of the TSM formulation. Third, we obtain an upper bound for the MSMIP by solving the TSM under the feasible (and easily implementable) appointment order (AO) policy, which requires that patients are served in the order of their scheduled appointments, independent of their actual arrival times. Fourth, we propose a Monte Carlo approach to evaluate the relative gap between the MSMIP upper and lower bounds. Finally, in a series of numerical experiments, we show that these two bounds are very close in a wide range of SOASP instances, demonstrating the near‐optimality of the AO policy. We also identify parameter settings that result in a large gap in between these two bounds. Accordingly, we propose an alternative policy based on neighbor‐swapping. We demonstrate that this alternative policy leads to a much tighter upper bound and significantly shrinks the gap.
Theoretical and experimental assessment of thinned germanium substrates for III–V multijunction solar cells
Authors: Lombardero Iván , Ochoa Mario , Miyashita Naoya , Okada Yoshitaka , Algora Carlos
Published: July 2020

Solar cells manufactured on top of Ge substrates suffer from inherent drawbacks that hinder or limit their potential. The most deleterious ones are heavy weight, high bulk recombination, lack of photon confinement, and an increase of the heat absorption. The use of thinned Ge substrates is herein proposed as a possible solution to the aforementioned challenges. The potential of a thinned Ge subcell inside a standard GaInP/Ga(In)As/Ge triple‐junction solar cell is assessed by simulations, pointing to an optimum thickness around 5–10 μm. This would reduce the weight by more than 90%, whereas the available current for the Ge subcell would decrease only by 5%. In addition, the heat absorption for wavelengths beyond 1600 nm would decrease by more than 85%. The performance of such a device is highly influenced by the front and back surface recombination of the p–n junction. Simulations remark that good back surface passivation is mandatory to avoid losing power generation by thinning the substrate. In contrast, it has been found that front surface recombination lowers the power generation in a similar manner for thin and thick solar cells. Therefore, the benefits of thinning the substrate are not limited by the front surface recombination. Finally, Ge single‐junction solar cells thinned down to 85 μm by wet etching processes are demonstrated. The feasibility of the thinning process is supported by the limited losses measured in the current generation (less than 6%) and generated voltage (4%) for the thinnest solar cell manufactured.
Glucose‐ Responsive Actuators Based on Bigel Strip from Host‐Guest Assembly Between a β‐Cyclodextrin‐Based Host Gel and a Ferrocene‐Based Guest Gel
Authors: Tong Rongbai , Yu Haojie , Wang Li
Published: July 2020

A novel system with 3‐acrylamidophenylboronic acid (AAPBA) as a glucose‐sensing moiety in the glucose‐responsive bigel actuator was developed. The strategy was based on the integration of ferrocene (Fc) and β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) moieties in the host and guest gels to form new bigel actuators which can be used to develop switches, artificial muscles, and remote controls. This work illustrates the formation of a bigel strip using the polyacrylamide‐based hydrogel functionalized with ferrocene (PAM−Fc) as the guest gel, and polyacrylamide‐based hydrogel functionalized with AAPBA and β‐CD (AAPBA‐CD) as the host gel. The resultant bigel exhibited glucose‐responsive bending properties due to the differences in the glucose sensitivity of the two stripes. It was observed that the variations in the pH induce reversible bending and straightening transition in a bigel strip. Furthermore, the optimization of the crosslinking density and the concentration of glucose provided fast bending ability and a large bending degree, which can be applied to develop a glucose‐sensitive switch for glucose detection sensors.
Regioselective Halogenation of 2H‐Chromenones Promoted by Oxone and NaX: A Facile Approach for the Preparation of Halochromenones and 2H‐Chromenone Natural Products
Authors: Vanammoole Lakshmireddy , Kommera Rajkumar , Hariprasad Kurma Siva , Rao Vaidya Jayathirtha , Raju Bhimapaka China
Published: July 2020

A systematic study has been conducted for the regioselective halogenation of 2H‐chromenones to prepare 3‐halo‐2H‐chromenones, 4‐substituted 3‐halo‐2H‐chromenones and 3‐(2‐haloacetyl)‐2H‐chromenones. Commercially available NaCl/NaBr has been used as halogen source and oxone as an oxidant to produce the compounds. Further, the method has been successfully applied for the preparation of pharmaceutically important halogenated 2H‐chromenone natural products. The present approach is simple, economically viable and provided the target compounds with good yields.
Bioadsorbent from Magnetic Activated Carbon Hybrid for Removal of Dye and Pesticide
Authors: Nejadshafiee Vajihe , Islami Mohammad Reza
Published: July 2020

A novel bioadsorbent has been developed based on the framework of activated carbon, Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and ascorbic acid (AA@Fe3O4 NPs@AC). The objective of this study was efficient adsorption of organic compounds such as dye and pesticide from aqueous solutions by AA@Fe3O4 NPs@AC adsorbent. The structure of AA@Fe3O4 NPs@AC was characterized by TEM, TGA, FTIR, VSM, XRD, BET and Zeta potential. Moreover, the adsorption process of dye and pesticide compounds on AA@Fe3O4 NPs@AC was systematically considered and was found which the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic equation and Langmuir isotherm model conformed. The maximum adsorption capacities of AA@Fe3O4 NPs@AC for methylene blue (MB) dye and acetamiprid pesticide compounds were 370.37 and 357.14 mg g−1, respectively that revealed excellent adsorption performance of AA@Fe3O4 NPs@AC adsorbent. On the other hand, with easy and high recovery of AA@Fe3O4 NPs@AC through magnetic separation has provided a simple and green method to enhance the efficiency of bio‐adsorbent for remove of dyes and pesticides from contaminated water.
Synthesis and Characterization of Some Boomerang Imine‐Ester Mesogenic Materials Based on Thiophene Unit
Authors: Abdulnabi Nabih M. , Habeeb Hadeel Q. A. , Tomi Ivan H. R. , Jaffer Hamed J.
Published: July 2020

A new homologous series of imine‐ester compounds ({(1E)‐[5‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐2‐thienyl]methylene}amino)phenyl‐4‐alkoxybenzoate (series IIIa‐k) comprising thiophene ring as a rigid core has been synthesized. The molecular structures of these esters were proven by means of Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS). Different liquid‐crystalline textures (nematic and smectic A) have been observed by optical polarizing microscopy (OPM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. The first four homologues in this series (IIIa‐IIId) displayed a nematic phase while the most of homologues that have longer alkyl group exhibited both nematic and smectic phases. The liquid crystalline phases of these compounds are dependent on the length of alkyl chain of the molecules. The mesomorphic phase stability of the prepared compounds in the presence of thiophene ring within chemical structures of the mesogens has been discussed comprehensively, and the liquid crystalline behaviors of these compounds have been compared with other reported mesogens that have similar chemical structures.
l‐Proline Catalyzed Synthesis of Highly Functionalized 4‐Hydroxy‐4H‐chromene‐pyrazoles and 4‐Hydroxy‐4H‐chromene‐barbiturates in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Subba Reddy Chitreddy V , Sumathi Shanmugam
Published: July 2020

A simple and efficient method for the synthesis of novel 4‐hydroxy‐4H‐chromene‐pyrazoles and 4‐hydroxy‐4H‐chromene‐barbiturates was developed from the reaction of 2‐ethoxy‐2H‐chromene chalcones with pyrazolin‐5‐one and barbituric acid catalyzed by l‐proline in water. The developed protocol is applicable for the construction of biologically important 4H‐chromenes from easily accessible chalcones having various substituents. This reaction proceeds through Aldol condensation, Michael addition and hydrolysis reactions followed by the elimination of ethoxy group. This methodology offers cleaner conversion, a shorter reaction time and high yields. For the first time, we report the synthesis of novel 4‐hydroxy‐4H‐chromenes from 2‐ethoxy‐2H‐chromene chalcones and pyrazolin‐5‐one/barbituric acid using l‐proline (72–86 % yield in 6 h). Water was used as the solvent for all the compounds it represents a green synthetic protocol.
Microwave Assisted One‐Pot Multicomponent Synthesis Using ZnO‐β Zeolite Nanoparticle: An Easy Access to 7‐Benzodioxolo[4,5‐b]xanthene‐dione and 4‐Oxo‐tetrahydroindole Scaffolds
Authors: Lambat Trimurti L. , Mahmood Sami H. , Ledade Pankaj V. , Banerjee Subhash
Published: July 2020

ZnO‐β zeolite nanoparticle has been introduced as, an inexpensive and efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the one‐pot multicomponent synthesis of 7‐benzodioxolo[4,5‐b]xanthenedione and 4‐oxo‐tetrahydroindole derivatives under microwave (MW) irradiations. The method offers several advantages such as excellent yields of the products (>90%), simple work‐up procedures, faster reactions, use of MW as source of energy and recyclability of the catalyst.
Hollow TiN Microspheres Synthesized by a Template‐Free Method as a Matrix for High Performance Li‐S Battery
Authors: Deng Ding‐Rong , Wu Qi‐Hui
Published: July 2020

Hollow titanium nitride (TiN) microspheres were synthesized using a simple and template‐free method. Compared to other approaches via templates, the way we reported is simpler and more economical. Meanwhile, the surface porous structure could form simultaneously. The TiN microspheres with an average diameter of about 1 μm are composed of tens of nanoscale spherical particles (40‐60 nm), which are first applied in cathode as a host material for lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries. Due to the hollow and porous architecture and the N−Ti‐N bonding unit, the TiN spheres resist the volume changes during charge/discharge, effectively reduce the “shuttle effect”, and catalyze the sulfur conversion reaction as well. The cell with TiN microsphere cathode exhibits a large discharge capacity of 692 mAh g−1 at 1st cycle under a high rate of 5 C, releases the reversible capacity of 740 mAh g−1 under a rate of 1 C after 400 cycles with a capacity decay of 0.006 % per cycle. These results demonstrate the enormous potential of the TiN microspheres as the host material for high‐performance Li−S batteries.
Closed form fermionic expressions for the Macdonald index
Authors: Foda Omar , Zhu Rui-Dong
Published: July 2020

Abstract

We interpret aspects of the Schur indices, that were identified with characters of highest weight modules in Virasoro (p, p

′
) = (2, 2k + 3) minimal models for k = 1, 2, . . . , in terms of paths that first appeared in exact solutions in statistical mechanics. From that, we propose closed-form fermionic sum expressions, that is, q, t-series with manifestly non-negative coefficients, for two infinite-series of Macdonald indices of (A
1
, A
2k
) Argyres- Douglas theories that correspond to t-refinements of Virasoro (p, p

′
) = (2, 2k + 3) minimal model characters, and two rank-2 Macdonald indices that correspond to t-refinements of

$$ {\mathcal{W}}_3 $$

W
3

non-unitary minimal model characters. Our proposals match with computations from 4d

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 2 gauge theories via the TQFT picture, based on the work of J Song [75].
Rényi entropies and area operator from gravity with Hayward term
Authors: Botta-Cantcheff Marcelo , Martinez Pedro J. , Zarate Juan F.
Published: July 2020

Abstract

In the context of the holographic duality, the entanglement entropy of ordinary QFT in a subregion in the boundary is given by a quarter of the area of an minimal surface embedded in the bulk spacetime. This rule has been also extended to a suitable one-parameter generalization of the von-Neuman entropy Ŝn that is related to the Rényi entropies Sn, as given by the area of a cosmic brane minimally coupled with gravity, with a tension related to n that vanishes as n → 1, and moreover, this parameter can be analytically extended to arbitrary real values. However, the brane action plays no role in the duality and cannot be considered a part of the theory of gravity, thus it is used as an auxiliary tool to find the correct background geometry.

In this work we study the construction of the gravitational (reduced) density matrix from holographic states, whose wave-functionals are described as euclidean path integrals with arbitrary conditions on the asymptotic boundaries, and argue that in general, a non-trivial Hayward term must be haven into account. So we propose that the gravity model with a coupled Nambu-Goto action is not an artificial tool to account for the Rényi entropies, but it is present in the own gravity action through a Hayward term. As a result we show that the computations using replicas simplify considerably and we recover the holographic prescriptions for the measures of entanglement entropy; in particular, derive an area law for the original Rényi entropies (Sn) related to a minimal surface in the n replicated spacetime. Moreover, we show that the gravitational modular flow contains the area operator and can explain the Jafferis-Lewkowycz-Maldacena-Suh proposal.
Strong coupling from non-equilibrium Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Francesconi Olmo , Panero Marco , Preti David
Published: July 2020

Abstract

We compute the running coupling of non-Abelian gauge theories in the Schrödinger-functional scheme, by means of non-equilibrium Monte Carlo simulations on the lattice.
The fully-differential gluon beam function at NNLO
Authors: Gaunt Jonathan R. , Stahlhofen Maximilian
Published: July 2020

Abstract

The fully-differential beam function (dBF) is a universal ingredient in resummed predictions of hadron collider observables that probe the full kinematics of the incoming parton from each colliding proton — the virtuality and transverse momentum as well as the light-cone momentum fraction x. In this paper we compute the matching coefficients between the unpolarized gluon dBF and the usual parton distribution functions (PDFs) at the two-loop order. For observables probing both the virtuality and transverse momentum of incoming gluons, our results provide the part of the NNLO singular cross section related to collinear initial-state radiation, and are required for the resummation of large logarithms through N3LL. Further to this, the dBF is closely linked to the beam function appearing in a generalized version of threshold factorization, via a simple integration. By performing this integration for the two-loop gluon matching coefficients, we also obtain the corresponding quantities for the generalized threshold beam function.
On a Characterization of Riesz Bases via Biorthogonal Sequences
Authors: Stoeva Diana T.
Published: July 2020

It is well known that a sequence in a Hilbert space is a Riesz basis if and only if it is a complete Bessel sequence with biorthogonal sequence which is also a complete Bessel sequence. Here we prove that the completeness of one (any one) of the biorthogonal sequences can be removed from the characterization.
Intermittierende Wahrnehmungsstörungen unter Nahrungskarenz bei einer 46-jährigen Patientin
Authors: Ravens S. , Scheit L.
Published: July 2020

Anamnese

Wir berichten von einer 46-jährigen Patientin, die sich mit intermittierenden Wahrnehmungsstörungen bei Nahrungskarenz in unserer Notaufnahme vorstellte.

Diagnostik

Im diagnostischen Fastentest wurde bereits nach 7 h eine hyperinsulinämische Hypoglykämie festgestellt. Bei unauffälliger Sonographie wurde eine 68Ga-HA-DOTATATE-Positronenemissionstomographie-Computertomographie durchgeführt; das Bild passte zu einer neuroendokrinen Neoplasie, was den Verdacht auf ein Insulinom lenkte.

Therapie und Verlauf

Es erfolgte die Verlegung in ein externes Krankenhaus zur operativen Therapie, anschließend war die Patientin symptomfrei.

Folgerung

Bei Präsentation von multiplen Symptomen passend zu einer Hypoglykämie sollte differenzialdiagnostisch auch an ein Insulinom gedacht werden.
On-machine focus variation measurement for micro-scale hybrid surface texture machining
Authors: Santoso Teguh , Syam Wahyudin P. , Darukumalli Subbareddy , Cai Yukui , Helmli Franz , Luo Xichun , Leach Richard
Published: July 2020

Fast and accurate in-line areal surface topography measuring instruments are required to control the quality of microscale manufactured components, without significantly slowing down the production process. Full-field areal optical surface topography measurement instruments are promising for in-line or on-machine measurement applications due to their ability to measure quickly, to access small features and to avoid surface damage. This paper presents the development and integration of a compact optical focus variation sensor for on-machine surface topography measurement mounted on to a hybrid ultraprecision machine tool. The sensor development is described and a case study involving the on-machine dimensional measurement of the depth of hydrophobic microscale features, including microchannels and micro-dimples, is presented. Comparisons of results between the on-machine measurements obtained by the developed sensor and a desktop focus variation microscope are presented and discussed. The comparison results show that the developed focus variation sensor is able to perform on-machine dimensional measurement of microscale features within sub-micrometre accuracy.
Enhanced Recovery After Pancreatic Surgery Does One Size Really Fit All? A Clinical Score to Predict the Failure of an Enhanced Recovery Protocol After Pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Capretti Giovanni , Cereda Marco , Gavazzi Francesca , Uccelli Fara , Ridolfi Cristina , Nappo Gennaro , Donisi Greta , Evangelista Andrea , Zerbi Alessandro
Published: July 2020

Background

The inability to comply with enhanced recovery protocols (ERp) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is a real but understated issue. Our goal is to report our experience and a potential tool to predict ERp failure in order to better characterize this problem.

Methods

From January 1, 2014, to January 31, 2016, 205 consecutive patients underwent PD in our center and were managed according to an ERp. Failure to comply with postoperative protocol items was defined as any of: no active ambulation on postoperative day 1 (POD1); less than 4 h out of bed on POD2; removal of nasogastric tube and bladder catheter after POD1 and POD3, respectively; reintroduction of oral feeding after POD4; and continuation of intravenous infusions after POD4. Data were collected in a prospective database.

Results

Taking in consideration the number of failed items and the length of stay, we defined failure of the ERp as no compliance to two or more items. A total of 116 patients (56.6%) met this definition of failure. We created a predictive model consisting of age, BMI, operative time, and pancreatic stump consistency. These variables were independent predictors of failure (OR 1.03 [1.001–1.06] p = 0.01; OR 1.11 [1.01–1.22] p = 0.03; OR 1.004 [1.001–1.009] p = 0.02 and OR 2.89 [1.48–5.67] p = 0.002, respectively). Patient final score predicted the failure of the ERp with an area under the ROC curve of 0.747.

Conclusions

It seems to be possible to predict ERp failure after PD. Patients at high risk of failure may benefit more from a specific ERp.
The role of IT in energy systems: the digital revolution as part of the problem or part of the solution
Authors: Kupzog Friederich , King Ross , Stefan Mark
Published: July 2020

The architectural design of our energy systems dates back to a time without information technology (IT). Over time, IT was applied where it increased efficiency and safety. About 12 years ago, the Smart Grid era began. In the meantime, we talk about digitalization. Electrical energy systems require embedded systems, Internet of Things, computation clusters and data analytics. However, IT also has another role in the energy system, namely that of a substantial consumer. Crypto currencies and data centers are on the rise. We analyze impacts on energy demand and discuss risks and chances of this development.
Prognostic value of histopathological DCIS features in a large-scale international interrater reliability study
Authors: Groen Emma J. , Hudecek Jan , Mulder Lennart , van Seijen Maartje , Almekinders Mathilde M. , Alexov Stoyan , Kovács Anikó , Ryska Ales , Varga Zsuzsanna , Andreu Navarro Francisco-Javier , Bianchi Simonetta , Vreuls Willem , Balslev Eva , Boot Max V. , Kulka Janina , Chmielik Ewa , Barbé Ellis , de Rooij Mathilda J. , Vos Winand , Farkas Andrea , Leeuwis-Fedorovich Natalja E. , Regitnig Peter , Westenend Pieter J. , Kooreman Loes F. S. , Quinn Cecily , Floris Giuseppe , Cserni Gábor , van Diest Paul J. , Lips Esther H. , Schaapveld Michael , Wesseling Jelle ,   Grand Challenge PRECISION consortium
Published: July 2020

Purpose

For optimal management of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), reproducible histopathological assessment is essential to distinguish low-risk from high-risk DCIS. Therefore, we analyzed interrater reliability of histopathological DCIS features and assessed their associations with subsequent ipsilateral invasive breast cancer (iIBC) risk.

Methods

Using a case-cohort design, reliability was assessed in a population-based, nationwide cohort of 2767 women with screen-detected DCIS diagnosed between 1993 and 2004, treated by breast-conserving surgery with/without radiotherapy (BCS ± RT) using Krippendorff’s alpha (KA) and Gwet’s AC2 (GAC2). Thirty-eight raters scored histopathological DCIS features including grade (2-tiered and 3-tiered), growth pattern, mitotic activity, periductal fibrosis, and lymphocytic infiltrate in 342 women. Using majority opinion-based scores for each feature, their association with subsequent iIBC risk was assessed using Cox regression.

Results

Interrater reliability of grade using various classifications was fair to moderate, and only substantial for grade 1 versus 2 + 3 when using GAC2 (0.78). Reliability for growth pattern (KA 0.44, GAC2 0.78), calcifications (KA 0.49, GAC2 0.70) and necrosis (KA 0.47, GAC2 0.70) was moderate using KA and substantial using GAC2; for (type of) periductal fibrosis and lymphocytic infiltrate fair to moderate estimates were found and for mitotic activity reliability was substantial using GAC2 (0.70). Only in patients treated with BCS-RT, high mitotic activity was associated with a higher iIBC risk in univariable analysis (Hazard Ratio (HR) 2.53, 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) 1.05–6.11); grade 3 versus 1 + 2 (HR 2.64, 95% CI 1.35–5.14) and a cribriform/solid versus flat epithelial atypia/clinging/(micro)papillary growth pattern (HR 3.70, 95% CI 1.34–10.23) were independently associated with a higher iIBC risk.

Conclusions

Using majority opinion-based scores, DCIS grade, growth pattern, and mitotic activity are associated with iIBC risk in patients treated with BCS-RT, but interrater variability is substantial. Semi-quantitative grading, incorporating and separately evaluating nuclear pleomorphism, growth pattern, and mitotic activity, may improve the reliability and prognostic value of these features.
Exploratory Study of Common Changes in Client Behaviors Following Routine Psychotherapy: Does Psychological Flexibility Typically Change and Predict Outcomes?
Authors: Brandon Shamell , Pallotti Christina , Jog Meenal
Published: July 2020

Psychological flexibility refers to a modifiable pattern of interacting with one’s experiences with openness and awareness (acceptance-and-mindfulness) and active engagement guided by personal values (commitment-and-behavioral activation). Psychological flexibility has a base of research literature that supports its utility as a model of human behavioral health and pathology. Although the model is central in organizing the therapeutic processes of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, researchers have argued that psychological flexibility processes might be activated in other effective therapy models included in routine psychotherapy, even if those models do not purport to target those processes. This study explored the degree to which aspects of clients’ psychological flexibility, specifically acceptance-and-mindfulness and commitment-and-behavioral activation, changed after episodes of routine psychotherapy and were predictors of outcome changes for a clinically heterogeneous sample (n = 197) in a naturalistic treatment setting. Results showed statistically significant and small improvements in acceptance-and-mindfulness (d = 0.22) and commitment-and-behavioral activation (d = 0.24) and that changes in psychological flexibility were significant predictors of changes in both flourishing and distress, explaining 42% and 23% of those respective therapy outcomes. Whereas a mix of therapy approaches may slightly improve psychological flexibility, more explicit attention to strengthening it might benefit the work of diverse psychotherapists given its potential relevance to achieving common overarching therapy outcomes.
How to Cope with Perfectionism? Perfectionism as a Risk Factor for Suicidality and the Role of Cognitive Coping in Adolescents
Authors: de Jonge-Heesen Karlijn W. J. , Rasing Sanne P. A. , Vermulst Ad A. , Engels Rutger C. M. E. , Creemers Daan H. M.
Published: July 2020

Suicide among adolescents is a significant health concern. Gaining more knowledge about markers that contribute to or protect against suicide is crucial. Perfectionism is found to be a personality trait that is strongly predictive for suicidality; it can be divided into personal standards perfectionism (PS) and concerns about mistakes and doubts perfectionism (CMD). This study investigated the association between PS, CMD, and suicidality in a sample of 273 Dutch secondary school students aged between 12 and 15 years old (M = 13.54,SD = 0.58, 55.8% males). We also examined whether adaptive, or maladaptive cognitive coping strategies influenced these associations. We hypothesized that students high in PS or CMD would experience an increased suicidality. Moreover, we expected that adaptive coping strategies would act as buffer between the association of perfectionism and suicidality, and that maladaptive coping strategies would strengthen this association. For analyses, we used a regression model with latent variables. The results showed that higher scores in perfectionism (PS and CMD) were related to an increase in suicidality. High levels of maladaptive coping in combination with high levels of perfectionism were associated with an increase in suicidality. Although adaptive coping was related to a decrease in suicidality, adaptive coping in interaction with PS and with CMD was not a predictor of suicidality. The results are relevant for prevention, and intervention programs. This paper makes recommendations for clinical practice and further research in order to prevent suicidality in adolescents.
Eulerian spectrum of finite-time Lyapunov exponents in compound channels
Authors: Enrile Francesco , Besio Giovanni , Stocchino Alessandro
Published: July 2020

Fluid flows reveal a wealth of structures, such as vortices and barriers to transport. Usually, either an Eulerian or a Lagrangian frame of reference is employed in order to detect such features of the flow. However, the two frameworks detect structures that have different properties. Indeed, common Eulerian diagnostics (Hua-Klein and Okubo-Weiss criterion) employed in order to detect vortices do not always agree with Lagrangian diagnostics such as finite-time Lyapunov exponents. Besides, the former are Galilean-invariant whereas the latter is objective. However, both the Lagrangian and the Eulerian approaches to coherent structure detection must show some links under any inertial-frame. Compound channels flows have been accurately studied in the past, both from a Lagrangian and an Eulerian point of view. The features detected do not superimpose: Eulerian vortices do not coincide with barriers to transport. The missing link between the two approaches is here recovered thanks to a spectral analysis.
Stabilization of uni-directional water wave trains over an uneven bottom
Authors: Armaroli Andrea , Gomel Alexis , Chabchoub Amin , Brunetti Maura , Kasparian Jérôme
Published: July 2020

We study the evolution of nonlinear surface gravity water wave packets developing from modulational instability over an uneven bottom. A nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) with coefficients varying in space along propagation is used as a reference model. Based on a low-dimensional approximation obtained by considering only three complex harmonic modes, we discuss how to stabilize a one-dimensional pattern in the form of train of large peaks sitting on a background and propagating over a significant distance. Our approach is based on a gradual depth variation, while its conceptual framework is the theory of autoresonance in nonlinear systems and leads to a quasi-frozen state. Three main stages are identified: amplification from small sideband amplitudes, separatrix crossing and adiabatic conversion to orbits oscillating around an elliptic fixed point. Analytical estimates on the three stages are obtained from the low-dimensional approximation and validated by NLSE simulations. Our result will contribute to understand the dynamical stabilization of nonlinear wave packets and the persistence of large undulatory events in hydrodynamics and other nonlinear dispersive media.
Genome-wide association analysis reveals new insights into the genetic architecture of defensive, agro-morphological and quality-related traits in cassava
Authors: Rabbi Ismail Yusuf , Kayondo Siraj Ismail , Bauchet Guillaume , Yusuf Muyideen , Aghogho Cynthia Idhigu , Ogunpaimo Kayode , Uwugiaren Ruth , Smith Ikpan Andrew , Peteti Prasad , Agbona Afolabi , Parkes Elizabeth , Lydia Ezenwaka , Wolfe Marnin , Jannink Jean-Luc , Egesi Chiedozie , Kulakow Peter
Published: July 2020

Key message

More than 40 QTLs associated with 14 stress-related, quality and agro-morphological traits were identified. A catalogue of favourable SNP markers for MAS and a list of candidate genes are provided.

Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is one of the most important starchy root crops in the tropics due to its adaptation to marginal environments. Genetic progress in this clonally propagated crop can be accelerated through the discovery of markers and candidate genes that could be used in cassava breeding programs. We carried out a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using a panel of 5130 clones developed at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture—Nigeria. The population was genotyped at more than 100,000 SNP markers via genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). Genomic regions underlying genetic variation for 14 traits classified broadly into four categories: biotic stress (cassava mosaic disease and cassava green mite severity); quality (dry matter content and carotenoid content) and plant agronomy (harvest index and plant type) were investigated. We also included several agro-morphological traits related to leaves, stems and roots with high heritability. In total, 41 significant associations were uncovered. While some of the identified loci matched with those previously reported, we present additional association signals for the traits. We provide a catalogue of favourable alleles at the most significant SNP for each trait-locus combination and candidate genes occurring within the GWAS hits. These resources provide a foundation for the development of markers that could be used in cassava breeding programs and candidate genes for functional validation.
Simplified performance assessment methodology for addressing soil quality of nature-based solutions
Authors: Bouzouidja Ryad , Béchet Béatrice , Hanzlikova Jitka , Sněhota Michal , Le Guern Cécile , Capiaux Hervé , Jean-Soro Liliane , Claverie Rémy , Joimel Sophie , Schwartz Christophe , Guénon René , Szkordilisz Flora , Körmöndi Barnabas , Musy Marjorie , Cannavo Patrice , Lebeau Thierry
Published: July 2020

Purpose

In urban areas, soil functions are deeply impacted by all human activities, e.g., water infiltration, carbon storage, and chemical substances degradation potential. In this context, nature-based solutions (NBS) are assumed to deliver multiple environmental benefits for soil quality improvement. The H2020 Nature4Cities project (N4C) offers the framework to develop physical, chemical, and microbiological indicators to the performance assessment for addressing NBS soil quality (performance assessment of soil quality) to be included in a tool-box designed for architects or municipalities.

Materials and methods

A simplified performance assessment methodology was developed for addressing NBS soil quality. It is based on the comparison of physical, chemical, and biological characteristics to soil reference baseline. In this setting, we present here the results obtained from case studies selected in three European cities (Nantes (F), Nancy (F), Bustehrad (CR)) to test the methodology. The case studies correspond to three different NBSs: former market turned into gardening areas (FMG), green roofs (GR), and urban allotment gardens (UAG). The performance assessment was based on two criteria: (1) soil fertility and (2) soil contamination.

Results and discussion

The basic soil properties (e.g., pH, bulk density) and soil fertility (e.g., soil organic matter (SOM)) for the two open soil NBS (FMG and UAGs) are equivalent to cultivated soils. Those of GR are highly controlled by the type of natural materials used in the substrate. Concerning contamination, the soil quality of FMG was shown to be significantly impacted by former agricultural practices (pesticide residues, trace metals (TE)). Measured molecular biomass of FMG was compared with predictive molecular biomass (determined according to the soil physicochemical properties). Data showed that 12 of the 14 measured plots are classified as altered or very altered soils with regard to this parameter. TE in UAGs soils exhibit various concentrations, depending on former land use, cultural practices, and geological contexts.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the study showed that soil fertility is a rather interesting tool in the evaluation of urban soil quality. Nevertheless, basic soil properties seem to be influenced by the effects of trace element and pesticide contamination. The presence of NBSs seems to have a favorable impact (e.g., filtration of pollutants). Inappropriate management of urban soils can lead to a decrease in soil quality and thus influence the current major issues (e.g., carbon sequestration, contamination of urban spaces by organic, and inorganic pollutants).