bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of PD-L1 expression in recurrent nonmetastatic sacral chordomas - a retrospective study
Authors: Zenginkinet Tulay , Okay Erhan , Toksoz Yildirim , Celik Aykut , Turhan Yalcin , Ozkan Korhan , Akyurek Muhlik
Published: January 2023

Introduction/Objective. Chordomas are rare tumors of a notochordal origin. Wide surgical resection is recommended for treatment. However, it is associated with a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Additionally, these tumors are resistant to chemotherapy. Thus, targeted therapy is needed for the treatment of chordomas. Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a promising target for cancer treatment. Here, we investigated PD-L1 expression in patients with chordoma in a single-center study. Methods. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks were evaluated for immunohistochemical analysis to evaluate PD-L1 expression. Clinicopathological variables, such as sex, age, and follow-up data (recurrence and outcome), were retrospectively collected from the patients? medical records. Results. Ten patients diagnosed with sacral chordoma in a single institution between December 2015 and November 2021 were included in this study. The median patient age was 57 years and the median follow-up period was 40 months. The surgical margins were negative in all cases, without any preoperative medical treatment. Four of the ten patients showed PD-L1 positivity on immune cells. These patients showed local recurrence, without metastasis. In these cases, the median time to local recurrence was 15 months. All the patients with the disease were alive. Conclusion. This study demonstrated that PD-L1 positivity in immune cells can be used as a predictive marker for local recurrence at the time of surgical treatment. This can potentially be used to determine the necessity to administer immunotherapy.
Comparison of Delta and Omicron variant of COVID-19 infection cases in Montenegro
Authors: Grbovic Ena , Galic Igor , Grbovic Mensud , Madzgalj Jasmina
Published: January 2023

Introduction/Objective. At the end of 2021, Omicron wave (B.1.1.529) SARS-CoV-2 variant superseded the Delta variant (B.1.617). The main goal of the research is to provide a detailed and comprehensive presentation of data related to people infected with the coronavirus in Montenegro. The specific goal of the research is to determine whether virus mutations influenced the course of the epidemic during its two-year duration. Methods. This is a retrospective study. We used data from the Institute of Public Health of Montenegro. Our sample consisted of 127,134 people who tested positive for Delta or Omicron infection aged 0?100 years, who had a positive PCR test for COVID-19 between August 17, 2021 and April 17, 2022. Results. The respondents aged 40?49 years were taken as a reference group for age. The results showed that the age group from 20 to 29 years old was affected 1.03 times more than the reference group ? persons belonging to the age group of 30?39 years were affected 1.07 times more than the reference group. The Central region was taken as the reference group for the region. The results showed that people who live in southern region got sick 1.14 times more often and people who live in northern region got sick 1.20 times less than people from the central region. Conclusion. The biggest predictor that a person would get sick is the age group. Also, the predictor is the region, and in our research, it was southern region.
La science de l’évaluation des risques écosystémiques au service de la restauration des écosystèmes: un outil pour l’application de la Liste rouge des écosystèmes à la restauration
Authors: Valderrábano Marcos , Nelson Cara , Nicholson Emily , Etter Andrés , Carwardine Josie , Hallett James G. , McBreen James , Botts Emily
Published: January 2023

Recent global initiatives in ecosystem restoration offer an unprecedented opportunity to improve biodiversity conservation and human health and well-being. Ecosystems form a core component of biodiversity. They provide humans with multiple benefits – a stable climate and breathable air; water, food and materials; and protection from disaster and disease. Ecosystem restoration, as defined by the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration, includes a range of management interventions that aim to reduce impacts on and assist in the recovery of ecosystems that have been damaged, degraded or destroyed. This Guide promotes the application of the science of ecosystem risk assessment, which involves measuring the risk of ecosystem collapse, in ecosystem restoration. It explores how the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems and ecosystem restoration can be jointly deployed to reduce risk of ecosystem collapse.
Site-specific fracture incidence rates among patients with type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes or without diabetes in Denmark (1997-2017)
Authors: Kvist Annika Vestergaard , Nasser Mohamad I. , Vestergaard Peter , Frost Morten , Burden Andrea M.
Published: January 2023

  

Objective: To investigate trends of incidence rates at different fracture sites for patients with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes compared to patients without diabetes in Denmark in 1997-2017.

Research Design and Methods: Patients aged 18+ with a vertebral, hip, humerus, forearm, foot, or ankle fracture between 1997 and 2017 were identified from Danish hospital discharge data. Incidence rates (IRs) per 10,000 person years were calculated over the study period. Median IRs for the first (1997-2001) and the last (2013-2017) five years were compared. We estimated age-adjusted IR ratios (IRRs) of fractures among patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes to patients without diabetes, using Poisson models.

Results: Except for foot fractures, fracture IRs were higher in patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes compared to patients without diabetes. Hip fracture IRs declined between the first and last five years by 35.2%, 47.0% and 23.4% among patients with type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and patients without diabetes, respectively. By contrast, vertebral fracture IRs increased 14.8%, 18.5%, 38.9% in patients with type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and patients without diabetes, respectively. While age-adjusted IRRs remained elevated in patients with type 1 diabetes compared to patients without diabetes, IRRs in patients with type 2 diabetes converged with those observed in patients without diabetes. 

Conclusion: Unadjusted fracture rates are higher in patients with diabetes but have decreased between 1997 and 2017 except for vertebral fractures that increased in all groups. Fracture rates change after age-adjustment. 
Intermixing behavior of 1.4430 stainless steel and 1.4718 valve steel in in situ alloying using coaxial laser double-wire laser directed energy deposition
Authors: Schwarz Nick , Lammers Marius , Hermsdorf Jörg , Kaierle Stefan , Ahlers Henning , Lachmayer Roland
Published: January 2023

Coaxial laser wire directed energy deposition promises a direction-independent buildup of near net shape geometries and surface coatings. Simultaneously introducing two different wire materials into the processing zone enables the production of in situ alloyed or even functionally graded structures. Functionally graded materials and in situ alloyed parts aim to extend the range of materials for development purposes. This work covers the intermixing behavior of two wire materials with greatly differing element contents. Therefore, a multiple diode coaxial laser (DiCoLas) processing head is used consisting of three individually controllable fiber coupled laser diodes with a combined maximum output power of 660 W and a wavelength of 970 nm. Two metal wires, 1.4430 and 1.4718, with a diameter of 0.8 mm are provided simultaneously to the processing zone under an incidence angle of 3.5° to the processing head's middle axis. The DiCoLas processing head enables a stable welding process with good dimensional accuracy of the single welding geometries. Single weld seams and multiple-layer structures are investigated to cover the intermixing behavior for different applications of additive manufacturing. Thermal images of the melting process provide an insight into the melting behavior of the two wire materials and the formation of the weld seam. energy-dispersive x-ray-mappings and line scans display the element distribution of the main alloying elements along the seam cross section. Furthermore, hardness measurements examine the hardness progression along the multiple-layer welding structures showing an even progression of the hardness values over the entire cross section.
Usher Syndrome: A Case Report of Two Brothers
Authors: Umme Salma Akbar
Published: January 2023

Purpose: To report a case of Usher’s syndrome in two brothers. Case Report: Two brothers, 24 and 26 years of age, presented to Chittagong eye infirmary and training complex with the complaints of gradual diminution of vision in both eyes, especially at night. Their ocular examination revealed best corrected visual acuity of 6/36 in right eye and 6/24 in left eye. Dilated fundus evaluation showed pigmentary retinopathy. Perimetry revealed peripheral visual field constriction. Their systemic examination revealed sensorineural hearing loss. These clinical findings supported the diagnosis of Usher syndrome Type 1. The patients were advised for low vision aids to improve their quality of life and counseling regarding the prognosis of the disease was done with the patient’s family members. Conclusion: Early detection and appropriate intervention will help preserve the residual vision.
Comparison of Intraocular Pressure between Air Puff Tonometer and Goldmann Applanation Tonometer at a Tertiary Eye Care Centre
Authors: Umme Salma Akbar
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of air puff (AP) tonometer by comparing the measurements of intraocular pressure (IOP) made using this device with those made using a Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) at Chittagong Eye Infirmary and Training Complex. Method: An observational and comparative study was carried out at Chittagong Eye Infirmary and Training Complex from January 2016 to January 2017. Two techniques for IOP measurements using the standard GAT and the non-contact tonometer (NCT) were compared. A total of 400 eyes from 200 patients were included in the study. Results: The mean IOP as measured by GAT in the right eye was 14.50±5.59mmHg and in the left eye was 14.87±7.03mmHg while that as measured by NCT in the right eye was 15.97±6.12mmHg and in the left eye was 15.94±6.98mmHg. The mean difference between the two methods of measurement in the right eye was 1.47±0.53mmHg and the left eye was 1.07±0.05mmHg. The readings obtained by NCT were higher than those obtained by GAT. There was no statistically significant difference found in IOP measurements between GAT and NCT according to patient’s age, gender or laterality of eyes. Conclusion: There was a significant difference in the measurement of IOP between GAT and NCT. Goldmann applanation tonometry remains the most suitable and reliable method for measuring IOP.
Creating Glaucoma Awareness- A Novel Method
Authors: S Patyal
Published: January 2023

Glaucoma is a multifactorial optic neuropathy causing irreversible blindness, with rising prevalence the world over. If detected early, it can be treated but majority of people are not aware of this disease especially as it is asymptomatic. Methods of improving awareness have been instituted, like the world glaucoma week, in the world. We actioned a simple method to involve heath care workers and patients reporting for all ocular ailments to make them aware of this debilitating disease.
Resolution of Bilateral Exudative Retinal Detachment Secondary to Renal Hypertension with Systemic Management
Authors: D Shah
Published: January 2023

Exudative retinal detachment (ERD) is an ocular condition, which develops from pathological conditions that disrupt the integrity of blood-retinal barrier due to fluid accumulation in sub retinal space or under neurosensory retina. Exudative retinal detachment is typically associated with inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, and vascular pathological conditions. We report the management of bilateral exudative retinal detachment in young patients secondary to Renal Hypertension.
A Case of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Mimicking Orbital Pseudotumor
Authors: M Yigit
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Clinical approach to the case of dacryoadenitis. Case Report: A 41-year-old male patient was admitted to our clinic with complaints of decreased vision in the left eye, periorbital and headache for 2 days. On examination, his visual acuity was full on the right and counting fingers at 2 meters on the left. There was a slight swelling and dimness in the margins of the optic disc on the left, other eye examination findings were normal. The patient was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone at a dose of 1gr/day for three days with the prediagnosis of orbital pseudotumor. However, it was observed that the patient's complaints recurred after methylprednisolone was discontinued. In repeated orbital MRI, at the level of the orbital apex on the left, infiltrating the dural structures, indenting the cavernous sinus, affecting the soft tissue structures adjacent to the nasopharyngeal lumen on the left, are seen. The left optic nerve was found to be slightly thicker than normal, especially at the apex level. For histopathological diagnosis, endoscopic biopsy was performed from the tumor and surrounding tissue from the left maxillary sinus. The biopsy result was reported as adenoid cystic carcinoma. Discussion: The diagnosis of orbital pseudotumor is made in accordance with clinical, radiological and pathological data. Orbital pseudotumor is histopathologically characterized by polymorphous inflammatory cell infiltration accompanied by varying degrees of fibrosis. It is difficult to distinguish an orbital pseudotumor from a true neoplasm. Lymphomas constitute 20% of orbital mass lesions. Our case was initially treated with a preliminary diagnosis of orbital pseudotumor localized in the posterior orbit and responded to steroids. However, lack of complete recovery and recurrence after steroid discontinuation brought to mind other underlying pathologies and directed to further examination and biopsy. As a matter of fact, the patient, who was diagnosed with adenoid cystic carcinoma as a result of biopsy, was included in the oncological follow-up and treatment program. It is necessary to be vigilant in terms of malignancy in orbital pseudotumors and not to avoid biopsies in suspected cases.
DOOR AND THRESHOLD BELIEFS FROM ANCIENT CULTURES TO TURKISH CULTURE
Authors: DİLEK Yeşim
Published: January 2023

The door defined as a structure or partition space in the place through which is passed when entering and exiting. Beyond this dictionary meaning in fact, it has various other connotations such as socio-cultural, political, literary, artistic, religious as well as architectural. Doors have been developed and shaped in accordance with the climatic conditions, structural features and cultural factors of the region where the buildings are located, and they are the elements forming the language of both people and spaces. In a sense, the door is the socio-cultural and economic expression of the owner of the place. In addition to connecting spaces, providing the function of passing from indoors to outdoors, from outdoors to indoors or from one space to another, doors also have functions such as insulation against temperature, water, humidity, noise, dust, insects, providing vision and light when necessary, and communication. When the historical processes of doors having many types and functions are examined, it is seen that they have not changed much in terms of shape, type and material use for thousands of years. Most of the beliefs about doors and thresholds from antiquity to the present have affected many societies in the context of cultural interaction. The symbolic meanings of doors and thresholds in Turkish culture are frequently encountered, similar to those in ancient cultures. Doors, keyholes and doorways have been seen as a passage for evil forces since antiquity, and certain rituals have been applied to the door and threshold to protect the inside against evil forces. Such practices are still found among the old Turks and in Anatolia. Apart from this, it is an ancient belief that the door is seen as a kind of gateway to life after death. The objects buried under the threshold to protect the household and the dwelling are also among the traditions that have survived since antiquity in the same direction. The aim of this study is to illuminate the impact of door and threshold beliefs from ancient cultures to today's Turkish culture in the light of examples.
İBN BATTUTA’NIN GÖZÜNDEN HİNDİSTAN
Authors: ALİ Hafiz Aamir
Published: January 2023

Ebu Abdullah Muhammed İbn Battuta fıkıh başta olmak üzere farklı dini ilimlere de vakıf olan bir Faslı âlim ve gezgin idi. İbn Battuta, 22 yaşındayken 1325’te hac gayesi ile Fas’taki evinden ayrılarak başladığı yolculuğu İslam dünyasının tamamını hatta daha da ötesini kapsayıp otuz yıl boyunca devam etti. İbn Battuta Mağrip ülkelerini geçerek Mısır’a oradan Hicaz’a, Anadolu, Türkistan, Horasan ve 1333’te Afganistan üzerinden Hindu Kuş dağlarını aşarak Hindistan’a ulaştı. Dönemin Müslüman Hindistan’ının başkenti Delhi’de, sultan Muhammed Tuğluk tarafından baş hâkim olarak atandı. Sonraki Sekiz yıl boyunca bu görevde kaldı ve “Mevlana Bedreddin” olarak ünlendi.” İbn Battuta Hindistan’da bir yabancıydı. Bu yüzden insanlık dışı Hint kast sistemi ve Hint dinlerinden bağımsız kalarak seyahatinde gördüklerini yazmaktaydı. Hintli tarihçiler karşılaştırmalı bir çalışma yaparken İbn Battuta’nın aktardığı Hindistan ile ilgili bilgilerin kesinlikle daha fazla gerçeği yansıttığını ifade etmişlerdir. Hindistan’ın sosyal ve politik sistemi hakkındaki açıklamaları gayet güvenilirdir. Sultan Muhammed Tuğluk’un adaleti, yönetim sistemi, Hint halkının ahlakı, yemek kültürü, örf, adetleri ve dini uygulamaları, hakkında bilgiler verir. Bu büyük gezgin yolculuğundan vazgeçmeyerek yazdığı seyahatnamesi ile 14. yüzyıl Hindistan tarihi hakkında çok değerli bilgileri içeren bir kaynağı bırakmıştır. Bu çalışmada seyahatnamenin Hindistan ile ilgili kısmı, dönemin Hintli tarihçilerinin eserleriyle birlikte incelenerek farklar ve benzerlikler ortaya konulacaktır. Ayrıca İbn Battuta’nın seyahatnamesinin Orta çağ Hindistan tarihi için olan önemi de anlatılacaktır.
GÖKTÜRKLERDEKİ “KUT” İLE SASANİLERDEKİ “FARRAH” (XVARRAH) KAVRAMLARI ARASINDAKİ BENZERLİKLER
Authors: TOĞAY Ali Hüseyin , ZARRINKOOB Roozbeh
Published: January 2023

Miladi 6. yüzyıldan itibaren Orta Asya bölgesinde görünmeye başlayan ve kısa sürede büyük bir imparatorluğa dönüşen Göktürkler, çağın bir diğer etkili devleti olan Sasaniler ile ticari ve siyasi ilişkiler kurmuştur. Göktürklerin o dönemde göçebe bir medeniyet sürmesi, Sasanilerin ise yerleşik bir hayata sahip olmasına rağmen iki devletin hakimiyet anlayışları arasında bazı ortak benzerliklerin olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Bilhassa devlet mekanizması ve siyasi gücün kullanımını meşrulaştıran, Farrah ve Kut gibi kavramlar buna örnektir. Farrah kelimesi; saadet, mutluluk, talih ve şans gibi manalara gelmektedir. Tabii Farrah kavramı bu anlamları dışında daha çok Sasani şahlarının, devleti ve millet idare etmek için Ahura Mazda tarafından kendilerine verildiğine inanılan siyasi ve dini gücü ifade ederdi. Eski Türklere özgü olan Kut kavramı da Farrah kelimesine benzer anlamlara gelmekle birlikte, Göktürk Kağanlarının kontrol ettikleri devlet ve o devleti oluşturan millet unsurunu iyi şekilde yönetmek için Kök Tengri tarafından kendilerine itâ edildiğini düşündükleri tanrısal bir gücü temsil etmekteydi. Bu çalışma, tarihte ilk Türk devleti olarak bilinen Asya Hunlarından Göktürklere intikal eden Kut kavramı ile Farrah arasında ne gibi benzerlikler olduğu konusunu sınırlı kaynaklar ışığında ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır.
ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE COMPLIANCE IN THE FILM PEREMPUAN TANAH JAHANAM AS A REPRESENTATION OF JAVA CULTURE
Authors: Naufalia Afina , Fajrideani Wulan
Published: January 2023

The Film is a tool to convey various messages to the general public through communication or dialogue. In communication, in addition to paying attention to context, speakers must also have politeness in their language. Everyone's language politeness is different, depending on the context or speech situation and social distance between individuals, especially if it is associated with culture. Every culture has different standards of politeness. This study aims to examine language politeness as a representation of Javanese culture in the film Perempuan Tanah Jahanam by Joko Anwar. The principle of politeness in the language is based on Leech's theory which consists of (1) the maxim of wisdom, (2) the maxim of generosity, (3) the maxim of praise, (4) the maxim of humility, (5) the maxim of compatibility, and (6) the maxim of sympathy. The method used in this research is the descriptive qualitative method. The data collection technique in this research used the Listen Free Libat Cakap (SBLC) technique and the notetaking technique as further research techniques. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that there are violations and fulfillment of politeness principles in this film's dialogue. Most show the fulfillment of the maxims of wisdom and praise, while the maxims of humility and sympathy are often violated. The results of this study can represent politeness in Javanese culture. it can be concluded that there are violations and fulfillment of politeness principles in this film's dialogue. Most show the fulfillment of the maxims of wisdom and praise, while the maxims of humility and sympathy are often violated. The results of this study can represent politeness in Javanese culture. it can be concluded that there are violations and fulfillment of politeness principles in this film's dialogue. Most show the fulfillment of the maxims of wisdom and praise, while the maxims of humility and sympathy are often violated. The results of this study can represent politeness in Javanese culture.
HERITAGE MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS OF MEGALITHIC STONES IN GEDEO ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA OBSERVATIONS FROM TUTU FELA AND CHELBA TUTUTI SITES
Authors: Ebabey Tsegaye
Published: January 2023

Gedeo is the area where Africa’s largest megalithic stone concentration is found. This research aims to assess the heritage management problems of megalithic sites in Gedeo Zone, Ethiopia, with a focus on the Tutu Fella and Chelba Tututi sites. Methodologically, the study employed primary and secondary sources, which were collected through a literature review, field work, and interviews with local informants. The study shows that the megalithic stones have historical, archaeological, symbolical, artistic and commemorative significances which enable the sites to be major source of tourism development in the area. However, these multifaceted collective past memories are subjected to mismanagement activities that have a negative impact on the preservation of the megalithic stones. These problems are associated with the lack of awareness among the local community about the values and the need for the management of the megalithic stones, the expansion of Christianity and the subsequent socio-cultural changes in the area, the mismanagement of the site’s tourism activity, which is not supported by regular and legal means of collection of tourist entrance fees, the weakness of the local culture and tourism offices to employ protection activities for the sites, and the absence of continuous recording and promotion works on these features. The study also recommends the need for creating public platforms to increase the local community’s awareness of the importance of the sites, continuous recording and promotion, the use of legal frameworks to support heritage management and tourism development in the sites, and recognition of the sites as national heritage.
Using LMS Log Data to Explore Student Engagement with Coursework Videos
Authors: Maloney Suzanne , Axelsen Megan , Galligan Linda , Turner Joanna , Redmond Petrea , Brown Alice , Basson Marita , Lawrence Jill
Published: January 2023

Driven by the increased availability of Learning Management System data, this study explored its value and sought understanding of student behaviour through the information contained in activity level log data. Specifically, this study examined analytics data to understand students’ engagement with online videos. Learning analytics data from the MoodleTM and Vimeo® platforms were compared. The research also examined the impact of video length on engagement, and how engagement with videos changed over the course of a semester when multiple video resources were used in a course. The comparison in platform learning analytics showed differences in metrics thus offering a caution to users relying on unidimensional metrics. While the results support the notion that log data do provide educators with an opportunity for review, the time and expertise in extracting, handling, and using the data may stifle its widespread adoption.
The Role of Evaluation Methods in Health-Related E-learning: A Rapid Review
Authors: Stemp Jason D , Ghosh Debannita , Khan Urooj R , Boyd James H
Published: January 2023

Training and development programs are increasingly delivered online with numerous studies reporting no differences in learning outcomes between online and traditional learning. However, there are no established standardized methods to evaluate the effectiveness of online learning. This review aims to map the state of research around health-related education to determine what e-learning evaluation methods are being used, the strengths or deficiencies of these methods, and which are appropriate for measuring the effectiveness of online education. Databases searched were PubMed, ProQuest, Education Resources Information Centre, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, PsychInfo, and Medline. Studies were included if they were published between 2011 and 2021, reported health-related online education and included an evaluation component. Thirty studies were obtained from numerous countries with varied methodologies and designs. Participants ranged from undergraduate students to medical professionals. Evaluation methods included student participation, students’ reaction to the training program, self-efficacy, knowledge assessment, long-term performance, and the Kirkpatrick Evaluation Framework. The review identified that course evaluations, such as measuring student satisfaction scores alone, are insufficient when used to quantify learning effectiveness for online education. This was particularly important as studies are reporting these single metrics as positive effects of training interventions without justification. Suggestions within the reviewed papers were to adopt and implement an appropriate validated method within the course curriculum to evaluate learning outcomes.
Teachers’ Self-Directed Online Learning Strategies and Experiences: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Beach Pamela , Minuk Alexandra , Favret Elena
Published: January 2023

This study examines the strategies used by teachers during a series of self-directed online learning (SDOL) experiences. Over a period of four months, the authors met with 12 practicing elementary teachers three separate times. During the meetings, the teacher participants informally used the Internet for their professional learning in literacy. Their online navigations were captured using screen-recording software. Immediately following their navigations, a virtual revisit think aloud was conducted where participants verbalized their thoughts aloud while viewing a screen-recording of their navigation. Semi-structured interviews with each participant were conducted following the three meetings. Data were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Findings relate to the cognitive and behavioral strategies in which participants engaged during their SDOL experiences and how these strategies changed over time.
Comparisons of Synchronous and Asynchronous Discussions in an Online Roleplaying Simulation to Teach Middle School Written Argumentation Skills
Authors: Riel Jeremy , Lawless Kimberly A. , Oren James B.
Published: January 2023

In this study, different degrees of synchronous and asynchronous online social interactions are investigated in the context of an online educational roleplaying simulation game that is played across multiple classrooms simultaneously to teach argumentation skills and social studies. Results from 45 K–12 middle school social studies teachers and 867 students over 3 study conditions were compared based on the degree of real-time discussion that was embedded in each condition’s version of game (i.e., two scheduled live conferences, one scheduled live conference, and asynchronous-only interactions or zero live conferences). All conditions exhibited significant small to moderate-level pre-post effect sizes, including the condition featuring asynchronous-only discussions. Additionally, the “mid-range” 1 live conference condition exhibited the greatest pre-post effect size in comparison to the other two conditions. This study demonstrates evidence for the benefits of implementing asynchronous-only discussions in digital interventions in comparison to live discussions when synchronous interaction may not be feasible. For designers, implementing both asynchronous and synchronous interactions based on available resources and feasibility can be used to maximize social presence among participants in educational roleplaying games and other virtual learning environments.
Relationship Between Metacognition and Online Community of Inquiry in an Online Case-Based Course
Authors: Sadaf Ayesha , Kim Stella Yun , Olesova Larisa
Published: January 2023

This study explored students’ perceived metacognition (self-regulation and co-regulation) in relation to the online presence within the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework in an online case-based instruction (CBI) course. Forty-seven online graduate students enrolled in an instructional design course participated in the study. Data were collected through CoI survey instrument and shared metacognition questionnaire online survey.The findings revealed that students perceived cognitive presence is higher and less variable among three online presences and metacognition in online CBI. The correlation between two interdependent dimensions of metacognition (self-regulation and co-regulation) was significantly high. Also, co-regulation showed stronger relationships with the three online presences (social, teaching, and cognitive) than self-regulation. Additionally, social presence demonstrated the strongest association with both self-regulation and co-regulation, followed by cognitive presence. These results suggest that students with higher perceived social presence tend to have high metacognition. However, students with higher perceived teaching presence are relatively less likely (or unlikely) to have higher metacognition as teaching presence was found to be the most variable among students, which means that teaching presence was perceived differently.
Classroom Community and Time: Comparing Student Perceptions in Traditional vs. Accelerated Online Courses
Authors: Lowenthal Patrick R. , Trespalacios Jesús
Published: January 2023

Online educators regularly experiment with ways to create a sense of classroom community in the online courses they design and teach. They do this in part to battle feelings of isolation and loneliness but also to align with prevailing theories of learning (e.g., social constructivism) as well as to mimic idealized in-person face-to-face learning experiences. However, little is known about how well a sense of community is developed in accelerated online courses. Given this, we investigated students’ perceptions of classroom community in traditional length online courses (e.g., 15-week courses) and accelerated online courses (e.g., 7-week courses) taught by the same instructors. The results showed that there was not a statistically significant difference in students’ perceptions of classroom community between the 15-week and 7-week courses. Students in this study rated the accelerated 7-week courses as having a higher sense of classroom community. In this paper, we present the results of our inquiry. We conclude with the implications of our research on research and practice.
INTRODUCTION TO SECTION II - VOLUME 26, ISSUE 4
Authors: Shea Peter
Published: January 2023

In section II of this issue, we have 12 papers that have been reviewed through our regular submission process.  These papers cover a variety of topics including argumentation in online discussion, project-based learning, authentic learning, belonging, professional development, as well as systematic reviews of literature in online education.
IMPLEMENTASI CHATBOT PADA WHATSAPP UNTUK MONITORING SUMBER DAYA SERVER
Authors: Rohmawati Laily , Nugroho Muhammad Agung , Wagito Wagito
Published: January 2023

Monitoring server merupakan metode untuk melakukan pemantauan kinerja dari suatu sumber daya pada suatu server. Monitoring server membantu syadmin untuk mengetahui penggunaan sumber daya sistem seperti, CPU, penggunaan memori, input dan output, network, dan disk. Untuk menjaga stabilitas performa server diperlukan mekanisme monitoring. Monitoring menjadi bagian dari tugas system administrator dalam melakukan pemantauan server selama 24 jam. Namun system administrator tidak dapat terus-menerus melakukan pemantauan secara penuh selama 24 jam, sehingga peneliti melakukan percobaan implementasi chatbot untuk dapat memonitor server secara real time dan dapat diakses di mana saja. Dari Hasil pengujian, aplikasi chatbot yang dikembangkan dapat melakukan tugas dalam memonitor server dengan menampilkan informasi sumber daya aplikasi atau layanan yang berjalan pada server secara real time melalui chat pada whatsapp.
Kata Kunci:
chatbot, manajemen server, monitoring Server, whatsapp API
IMPLEMENTASI PROGRESSIVE WEB APPS UNTUK SISTEM PENGELOLAAN POTENSI DESA WISATA KALI OPAK TUJUH BULAN
Authors: Hudianti Erna , Maulana Didik , Nugroho Muhammad Agung
Published: January 2023

Simpel Dawis (Sistem Informasi Pengelolaan Potensi Desa Wisata) merupakan sebuah sistem informasi yang digunakan di Wisata Kali Opak Tujuh Bulan untuk media informasi kepada masyarakat dan pengunjung tentang wisata kali opak tujuh bulan. Kondisi jaringan yang berbeda-beda terutama wisata alam membutuhkan sebuah teknologi yang dapat memudahkan pengunjung dalam mengakses website kapan pun dan dimana pun, bahkan dalam kondisi offline. Progressive Web Apps (PWA) adalah konsep pengembangan aplikasi berbasis web yang mencakup teknologi terbaru dari browser seperti web apps manifest, service worker dan app shell. Konsep PWA diharapkan mampu memberikan pengalaman terbaik dalam menggunakan suatu aplikasi web walaupun dalam kondisi jaringan yang minim atau offline sekalipun. Service worker sebagai pengatur request dan respon pada sebuah aplikasi web dapat diatur sesuai kebutuhan. Pada studi ini, service worker menggunakan strategi cache first then network, cache fallback untuk menghindari error pada kerangka kerja Laravel dan tetap mendapat respon yang cepat ketika web dibuka. Penerapan konsep PWA khususnya service worker meningkatkan performa website Simpel Dawis pada saat memuat halaman dan berjalan secara offline. Selain itu memberikan referensi tentang perbandingan web native dan web progresif.
Kata Kunci :
Laravel, Progressive Web Apps, Service Worker, Web App Manifest
ANALISIS SENTIMEN DENGAN PENDEKATAN ENSEMBLE LEARNING DAN WORD EMBEDDING PADA TWITTER
Authors: Daniati Erna , Utama Hastari
Published: January 2023

Twitter merupakan media sosial yang sering digunakan dimana mencapai 284 juta pengguna aktif dan setiap harinya lebih dari 500 juta tweet per hari. Hari ini menjadikan peluang emas bagi perusahaan dan individu untuk meningkatkan relasi sosial, politik, dan ekonomi yang kuat demi meningkatkan reputasi. Pada kumpulan tweet tersebut memuat opini yang berasal dari berbagai pengguna. Hal ini sangat potensial bagi perusahaan untuk menggali dan mendapatkan informasi mengenai jenis tweet ini. Selanjutnya, ekstrasi data yang disusun dalam bentuk Bag Of Word ini terdapat kekurangan. Fitur yang dihasilkan cukup banyak sehingga berpengaruh dalam waktu proses untuk pelatihan data. Metode Word2Vec memiliki keunggulan dalam menangkap hubungan sintaksis dan semantik antar kata.  Pada penelitian ini berusaha untuk meningkatkan akurasi yang dicapai dengan penggunaan word embedding sebagai representasi teks dan ensemble learning dari pengklasifikasi yang digunakan. Hasil penelitian ini mampu menunjukkan tngkat akurasi yang lebih tinggi dalam penggunaan algoritma Adaboost dan Word2Vec.
Kata Kunci :
Ensemble Learning, Sentiment Analysis, Word Embedding, Twitter.
БИОМАРКЕРЫ ВОСПАЛЕНИЯ И КОНТРОЛЬ БРОНХИАЛЬНОЙ АСТМЫ У ДЕТЕЙ
Authors: Алиева Юлия , Фурман Евгений , Хузина Екатерина , Пономарева Мария , Абдрахманова Сагира , Шелудько Валерий
Published: January 2023

В статье приводятся данные о контроле бронхиальной астмы у детей и охарактеризованы биомаркеры Т-2 воспаления. У детей с аллергическим фенотипом БА заболевание протекает с преобладанием активности Тh2-лимфоцитов и развитием эозинофильного воспаления дыхательных путей. Биомаркеры Т2-воспаления возможно использовать не только в качестве маркера активности воспаления дыхательных путей, но в качестве оценки эффективности контроля БА у детей.
Фотокаталитическое восстановление CO2 на нанонитях TiO2
Authors: Тарасов Андрей , Дубков Сергей , Громов Дмитрий
Published: January 2023

В данной работе приводиться исследование фотокаталитической активности наноинтей TiO2, прошедших отжиг при различной температуре. Фотокаталитическая активность исследовалась путём восстановления CO2 до метана и метанола. Для получения нанонитей TiO2 использовался гидротермальный метод синтеза. Полученные нанонити имели длину порядка 8 мкм и диаметр 330 нм. После синтеза нанонити проходили отжиг при температурах 500, 700 и 900 °С. С увеличением температуры синтеза наблюдалось уменьшение ширины запрещённой зоны.
Aplikasi Pendataan Buku Di Badan Perancangan Pembangunan Daerah Kota Metro Berbasis Desktop
Authors: Mujito Mujito , Asmanto Budi , Pujianto Pujianto
Published: January 2023

Regional Development Planning Agency, abbreviated as BAPPEDA, is a regional technical institution in research and regional development planning. The observations during the research process showed that book data collection was still carried out in Microsoft Excel, so frequent occurrences occurred, such as loss of document files and data corruption due to viruses. In this case, the authors designed a desktop-based book data collection application using the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) method and Black Box Testing. The programming language used in this design is JAVA, and MySQL is the database. The result of this design is an application that can simplify and speed up officers in making reports, processing data, and collecting book data. The drawback of this application is that the application is still desktop-based and offline. Therefore, the authors hope future researchers can develop an online book data processing application
Porcupine quilling–associated pneumothorax in dogs: 25 cases (2001–2022)
Authors: Sevy Julia J. , Gottlieb Lauren , Vaught Meghan , Rozanski Elizabeth
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVE

To describe the clinical outcome of dogs that developed pneumothorax after an encounter with a porcupine.

ANIMALS

25 client-owned dogs from 2 practices in New England.

PROCEDURES

The medical records were searched for those of dogs that underwent care for porcupine quilling–associated pneumothorax (PQAP) between August 1, 2001, and October 15, 2023. Dogs were all large-breed dogs or large mixed-breed dogs and most frequently had clinical signs associated with pneumothorax, including labored breathing and tachypnea.

RESULTS

No cases occurred in winter months. Diagnostic imaging was useful for identifying pneumothorax, but not for localizing quills. Twenty-one of the 25 dogs underwent median sternotomy for quill removal, with quills found in lung tissue of 19 dogs. Two dogs had no intrathoracic quills identified at thoracotomy, but residual quills were identified in the intercostal muscles. Four dogs were discharged without surgery after apparent resolution of the pneumothorax. All dogs survived to hospital discharge; however, 5 dogs required subsequent quill removal from ongoing quill migration.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Porcupine quillings may result in traumatic pneumothorax associated with quill migration. Following quill removal, monitoring for the development of a pneumothorax is advised. Surgical removal of quills from the lungs has a good prognosis.
Examining academicians’ COVID-19 anxiety and digitalisation in terms of different variables
Authors: Karakuş Gülçin
Published: January 2023

This study examines academicians’ COVID-19 anxiety and digitalisation regarding different variables. The sample of this study consists of 103 academicians from various universities. A survey model was used. The data collection tools were the “Coronavirus Anxiety Scale” to measure anxiety caused by COVID-19 and the “Academicians Digitalisation Scale” to determine academicians’ digitalisation. Results indicated that while there was a significant difference in academicians’ COVID-19 anxiety and digitalisation regarding different variables, there was no relationship between their COVID-19 anxiety and digitalisation.
Governance, Politics, and Economic Development: Some African Perspectives
Authors: Fosu Augustin Kwasi
Published: January 2023

The article documents the evolution of governance measures in Africa during post-independence: economic freedom, electoral competitiveness, political rights and civil liberties, executive constraint, and polity2. It examines their implications for economic development, considers political instability (PI) in the form of coups d’état and civil wars on the premise that PI results from poor governance. In addition, the article sheds light on the links between the more recent measures of governance – the World Bank’s Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) – and economic development outcomes among African countries. The article concludes by paying special attention to potential governance/institutional instruments that might reflect “good governance”, and highlights the implicit risks faced by African countries in their efforts to sustain the continent’s recent economic gains within the current political economy framework.
An Assessment of Neoliberal Coups: the 1973 Chilean Military Coup and the 1980 Turkish Military Coup
Authors: Ökten Nilay , Balcı Meral
Published: January 2023

The article attempts to identify the changes caused by military coups, one of the means of spreading neoliberal ideology, on the political economy of countries and discusses the place of the US hegemony in this context. The influence of armies on the political economy of countries is examined based on the examples of the Chilean military coup of 1973 and the Turkish military coup of 1980, and the place of the army element in the histories of these countries is discussed. Even if a hegemon power has enough economic, military and political power to intervene directly, it can use less costly and more legitimate tools for indirect intervention than a direct one. The policy of instrumentalizing local military forces and exporting neoliberalism to countries, which the US hegemony preferred to apply in the Cold War era and generally in the last quarter of the 20th century, is clearly seen in the examples of Chile and Turkey. Therefore, the main topic of this study is the use of armies as a tool by the neoliberal hegemon USA, and it argues that the military coups of Chile and Turkey were indirect foreign interventions, and that they were the products of the US hegemony as events that served to declare the victory of neoliberalism.
Wolf Warrior Diplomacy – Foreign Policy for Internal Use in China
Authors: Selezneva N. V.
Published: January 2023

The article reveals the content of the new concept of “wolf warrior diplomacy” that first appeared in 2019. “Wolf warrior diplomacy” is a metaphorical phrase denoting a new demeanor of Chinese diplomats, characterized by particular assertiveness and aggressiveness. The author examines the emergence of the concept and its popularization in Chinese media discourse, and comes to the conclusion that this behavior of Chinese diplomats was not only condemned by the Chinese leadership and Chinese society, but, on the contrary, was supported and publicly approved. This is consistent with the new conceptual foreign and domestic political ideas of China – the strengthening of the “discursive power” in the international arena and the strengthening of the “four certainties” within the country. Wolf warrior diplomacy is intended to demonstrate China’s ability to turn in its favor even ideas, concepts and formulations that were originally anti-Chinese in nature and were developed by Western countries to discredit China and undermine its international image.
Development of China’s Demographic Policies
Authors: Shide F.
Published: January 2023

The paper examines the development of demographic policies throughout the history of the People’s Republic of China, makes predictions for future trends and offers potential solutions based on quantitative analysis. The policies focused on controlling the fertility rate control, with measures first advocated by the government and then made a part of administration regulation, with further changes at legislative level. The author shows that while the Chinese population is growing, but fertility is decreasing and concludes that the population will decrease in the near future unless the situation changes. That explains the adjustments made by the Chinese government which is integrating demographic policies into the country’s long-term strategies.
Implementation of Russian “Soft power” Foreign Policy Strategy in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Musa kyzy A.
Published: January 2023

The article reveals and discusses the various tools used in implementing the Russian “soft power” foreign policy strategy in Kyrgyzstan. It reviews trade and economic cooperation, a priority area of work in bilateral relations between Russian and Kyrgyzstan. The author analyzes the activities of Russian organizations and cultural centers that promote and support humanitarian projects in Kyrgyzstan. Considerable attention is paid to Russian educational programs, projects and grants. Key factors are identified that have determined the development of Russia's “soft power" in Kyrgyzstan at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries.
Development of Economic Tools for Stabilizing the Regional Economy: the Case of Yaroslavl Oblast
Authors: Tregub I. V.
Published: January 2023

The article deals with the issue of economic sustainability of the subnational economy. The aim of the study is to identify tools for stabilizing the regional economy. The Russian region - the Yaroslavl Oblast - was chosen for the study. To achieve the aim, methods of correlation and regression analysis used applied. A study of the effectiveness of investments in various sectors of the economy of the Yaroslavl region has demonstrated that investments in mining and construction give the greatest profit. Modernization of production in order to increase labor productivity at the present stage will not lead to a significant increase in the profits of the economy of the Yaroslavl Oblast - it is much more efficient to invest in construction and mining.