bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Survey on the Security Issues of Software Defined Networking Tool in Cloud Computing
Authors:   Research Scholar, PG and Research Department of Computer Science, D. G. Vaishnav College, Arumbakkam, Chennai-600106, India, Ms S.Karthiga , Mr T.Velmurugan ,   Associate Professor, PG and Research Department of Computer Science, D. G. Vaishnav College, Arumbakkam, Chennai, India
Published: February 2023

The Advent of the digital age has led to a rise in different types of data with every passing day. In fact, it is expected that half of the total data used around the world will be on the cloud nowadays. This complex data needs to be stored, processed and analyzed for information gaining that can be used for several organizations. Cloud computing provides an appropriate platform for Software Defined Networking (SDN) in communicating and computing requirements of the latter. It makes cloud-based networking a viable research field in the current scenario. However, several issues addressed and risk needs to be mitigated in the L2 cloud server. Virtual networks and cloud federation being considered in the network virtualization over L3 cloud router. This research work explores the existing research challenges and discusses open issues for the security in cloud computing and its uses in the relevant field by means of a comparative analysis of L2 server L3 router based on SDN tools. Also, an analysis of such issues are discussed and summarized. Finally, the best tool identified for the use cloud security.
An analysis of Mobile Learning Implementation in Shinas College of Technology (SHCT)
Authors:   Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Computer Science, Vels University, Chennai, India, Ms R.Madhubala , Ms A.Akila ,   Asst. Professor, Department of Computer Science, Vels University, Chennai, India
Published: February 2023

In the past decade, technology has grown exponentially, especially the speed of the Internet and mobile technology have reached its peak it seems. This technology advancement also gives its impact to all the areas especially in the education sector. Researchers have to be interested in investigating how these technologies can be exploited for educational purposes aiming to enhance learning experiences. Subsequently, this has prompt an exploration slant which is ordinarily alluded to as Mobile Learning (M-Learning) in which specialists endeavors have meant to disseminate fitting learning encounters to learners considering their own flexibility needs, the universal usage of portable advances and the accessibility of data whenever anyplace. By and by, m-learning is still in its start and extraordinary endeavors should be done as such as to explore the potential outcomes of educational outlook change from the conventional on-estimate fits-all illuminating ways to deal with a versatile and customized discovering that can be circulated by means of portable creations. This paper, presents the suitability and need of mobile learning faciltity in Shinas College of Technology(SHCT) and also presents the framework for implemeting m-learning in SHCT.
Optimization of Database Management System
Authors:   K.C.S. Kasi Nadar College of Arts and Science, Chennai, Mr G. Vignesh
Published: February 2023

In recent business fields are developing very rapidly, so it needs of access and analyze data in effectively. In information technology systems are more intensive to answer the numerous and complex demands for taking critical decision. Data analyzing and reporting is plays an important role in business fields. Traditional way is using database management system. But there are many obstacles are made by using traditional way, therefore the faster, better, and efficient alternative way is to be found. The columnar database management system is used. This paper gives the brief explanation of columnar database and gives the implementation of column store and row-store. The result is obtained by the comparison of both type.
A Survey of Ontology-based Information Extraction for Social Media Content Analysis
Authors:   Information Technology Department, Shinas College of Technology, Shinas, Sultanate of Oman, Villar Redjie T.
Published: February 2023

The amount of information generated in the Web has grown enormously over the years. This information is significant to individuals, businesses and organizations. If analyzed, understood and utilized, it will provide a valuable insight to its stakeholders. However, many of these information are semi-structured or unstructured which makes it difficult to draw in-depth understanding of the implications behind those information. This is where Ontology-based Information Extraction (OBIE) and social media content analysis come into play. OBIE has now become a popular way to extract information coming from machine-readable sources. This paper presents a survey of OBIE, Ontology languages and tools and the process to build an ontology model and framework. The author made a comparison of two ontology building frameworks and identified which framework is complete.
STEGANOGRAPHY BASED MULTI LEVEL PASSWORD AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM IN BANKING SECTOR
Authors:   Assistant Professor, A.V.C. College (Autonomous), Mannampanal, Ms Hemamalini
Published: February 2023

Nowadays password selection is very important verification process. Various password authentication techniques are implemented in many applications. Traditional text-based password schemes are suffered from shoulder surfing problem, easily guessed by others. Password is easily identified by others. Graphical password, steganography-based password authentication technologies creating strong security for user password. The process of information hiding is known as steganography. It is used to shield the user password or hide the credential information. Then, graphical password authentication is authentication which increases the accuracy level. The proposed work described the secureness of web login application. Water marking based graphical password is best for accessing the web accounts. Image level authentication is easily understandable by authorized user. This paper majorly described, what requirement is needed by todays technologies, and focused to minimum password gesture attacks.
Efficient Extraction and Purification of Isofraxidin from Acanthopanax Senticosus by DES
Authors: Sun Changhai , Hou Jinghua , Sun Shiyuan , Zhang Yu , Zhang Xinran , Mu Liting
Published: February 2023

Acanthopanax senticosus(rupr. rt. Maxim.; AS) is a medicinal plant used in the clinical treatment of cerebrovascular diseases and central nervous system disorders, significantly improving blood lipid levels and endothelial cell function in patients with acute cerebral infarction. Isofraxidin, one of the active ingredients of AS, is the core of the medical effects, and its extraction and purification depend on organic solvents. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) is a new green solvent, synthesized by intermolecular hydrogen bonding between hydrogen bond donors (HBD) and hydrogen bond acceptors (HBA), which has non-toxic, high separation and purification efficiency, and environmentally friendly compared with traditional organic solvents. In this paper, DES was used for the extraction of isofraxidin from AS. The primary findings demonstrate that the DESs had a viscosity higher than that of ethanol, and even adding a tiny amount of water (about 10%) would trigger solvent redistribution, leading to a considerable reduction in solvent viscosity. In comparison to ethanol, the extraction rate of isofraxidin by DESs was 2-3 times higher. Thus, this work developed a new technique for using green extraction of isofraxidin that has some practical implications.
SenGlove - A Modular Wearable Device To Measure Kinematic Parameters Of The Human Hand
Authors: David Jonas , Helbig Thomas , Witte Hartmut
Published: February 2023

For technical or medical applications, the knowledge of the exact kinematics of the human hand is key to utilize its capability to handle and manipulate objects as well as to communicate with other humans or machines. The optimum between the number of measurement parameters, measuring accuracy as well as complexity, usability and cost of the measuring systems is hard to find. Biomechanic assumptions, the concepts of a biomechatronic system and the mechatronic design process as well as the use of commercial available components are used to develop a sensorized glove. The proposed wearable here can measure 14 of 15 angular values of a simplified hand model introduced in this paper and five contact pressures as well as inertial data of the whole hand with a degree of freedom of six. Due to the modular design and a hand size examination based on anthropological parameters, the concept of the wearable is applicable for a large variety of hand sizes and adaptable to different use cases. Validations show an RMSE for the measurement of the joint angles of 0.99 ° to 2.38° surpassing the human perception threshold and the current state of the art in science and technology for comparable systems.
Similar Survivorship but Different Revision Reasons for Uncemented Mobile-Bearing and Cemented Fixed-Bearing Medial UKA
Authors: Tay Mei Lin , Bolam Scott M. , Maxwell A. Rod , Hooper Gary J. , Monk A. Paul , Young Simon W.
Published: February 2023

Background:

Long-term survivorship and accurate characterization of revision reasons in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) are limited by a lack of long-term data and standardized definitions of revision. The aim of this study was to identify survivorship, risk factors, and reasons for revision in a large cohort of medial UKAs with long-term follow-up (up to 20 years).

Methods:

Patient, implant, and revision details for 2,015 primary medial UKAs (mean follow-up, 8 years) were recorded following systematic clinical and radiographic review. Survivorship and risk of revision were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards. Reasons for revision were analyzed using competing-risk analysis.

Results:

Implant survivorship at 15 years was 92% for cemented fixed-bearing (cemFB), 91% for uncemented mobile-bearing (uncemMB), and 80% for cemented mobile-bearing (cemMB) UKAs (p = 0.02). When compared with cemFB, the risk of revision was higher for cemMB implants (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1 to 3.2; p = 0.03). At 15 years, cemented implants had a higher cumulative frequency of revision due to aseptic loosening (3% to 4%, versus 0.4% for uncemented; p < 0.01), cemMB implants had a higher cumulative frequency of revision due to osteoarthritis progression (9% versus 2% to 3% for cemFB/uncemMB; p < 0.05), and uncemMB implants had a higher cumulative frequency of revision due to bearing dislocation (4% versus 2% for cemMB; p = 0.02). Compared with the oldest patients (≥70 years), younger patients had a higher risk of revision (<60 years: HR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.2 to 3.0; 60 to 69 years: HR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.0 to 2.4; p < 0.05 for both). At 15 years, there was a higher cumulative frequency of revision for aseptic loosening in these younger groups (3.2% and 3.5% versus 2.7% for ≥70 years; p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

Implant design and patient age were risk factors for revision of medial UKA. The findings from this study suggest that surgeons should consider using cemFB or uncemMB designs because of their superior long-term implant survivorship compared with cemMB designs. Additionally, for younger patients (<70 years), uncemMB designs had a lower risk of aseptic loosening than cemFB designs at the expense of a risk of bearing dislocation.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Effects of the Government Policies on the Spread of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: BASKICI Çiğdem , GOKMEN Yunus , ERCİL Yavuz
Published: February 2023

The study aims to determine whether government policies to control population mobility have been successful in the fight against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Policies implemented by governments for controlling population mobility are identified with the Stringency Index prepared by Oxford University. Population mobility is observed through data provided by Google Community Mobility Report. The success of countries in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic is measured by the Reproduction Rate. The intersection of valid data covering 104 countries is gathered from databases of relevant official websites for the period between the date of reaching the 100th cumulative case and the date 360 days later. The data is analyzed by conducting panel data analysis method to test the hypothesis. Results show that the Stringency Index demonstrating the stringency of government policies implemented by countries to prevent the spreading of pandemic affected human mobility dimensions significantly and reversely. Human mobility dimensions have a reverse and significant impact on staying at home at different levels at the 95% confidence interval. Furthermore, a significant relationship with a very small bi value (-0.00008) emerges between staying at home and the Reproduction Rate in the reverse direction.
Akademik Çalışma Yorgunluğu Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması
Authors: KARAİBRAHİMOĞLU Adnan , GÜVENÇ Fatmanur , ÇEÇEN Ziya
Published: February 2023

Literatüre her zaman katkı sağlayan, akademik çalışmalar yaparak bilim dünyasında önemli bir yere sahip olan akademisyenler her zaman değerlidir. Akademisyenler bilime katkı sağlarken birçok konuda fedakârlık yapıyor, farklı zorluklarla karşı karşıya kalıyor olsa da yine de çalışmalarını yapmaya devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmada bilime katkı sağlama süreci içerisinde karşılaşılan zorlukların, yaşanan olumsuzlukların bireyleri doğrudan nasıl etkilediğini, akademik çalışma yaparken yaşanan yorgunluğun ne gibi etkenlere bağlı olduğunu tespit etmek amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda literatürde herhangi bir ölçeğe rastlanılmamıştır. Bu sebeple tespit edilen eksikliğin giderilmesi için bu ölçek geliştirme çalışması planlanmıştır. Çalışmaya Türkiye’nin farklı üniversitelerinde ve farklı uzmanlık alanlarında görev yapan akademisyenler katılmıştır. 152 akademisyenin katıldığı çalışmada teknik veri toplama aracı olarak anket kullanılmıştır. Anketlerden elde edilen verilerden yola çıkılarak geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik analizleri uygulanmıştır. Bu analizlerin ardından yapı geçerliliğini değerlendirmek için açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda akademisyenlerin çalışmalarını yürütürken yaşadıkları olumsuz durumların göz ardı edilmemesi gerektiği ve bu olumsuz durumların giderilmesi gerekildiği görülmüştür. Geliştirilen ölçeğin ilerleyen zamanlarda farklı çalışmalara yön vereceği, literatürde tespit edilen başka eksikliklerin giderileceği düşünülmektedir. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular ışığında akademik çalışma yorgunluğunun varlığı literatüre kazandırılmış ve akademik çalışmaların kıymeti gözler önüne serilmektedir.
Sivil Aktörlerin Yerel Politika Oluşturmada Etkinliği: Hakkari Örneği
Authors: ÖKDE Fatma , TEKBAŞ Beytullah
Published: February 2023

Bu çalışmada, yerel politikaların üretim aşamasında yerel yönetim birimlerinin dışında kalan sivil aktörlerin politika oluşturma sürecine dâhil edilip edilmediğinin tespit edilmesi ve bu kapsamda Hakkari Belediyesinin politika inşasında alınan kararlarda sivil aktörlerin katılım düzeyinin ölçülmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda Hakkari kent merkezinde bulunan sivil aktörlerin/sivil toplum kuruluşlarının belediyenin yerel politika çalışmaları konusundaki etkinliğinin irdelenmesi üzerine bir analiz yapılarak sonuçları ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Hakkari il merkezinde tespit edilen dernek, vakıf, sendika, meslek kuruluşları, kent konseyi yöneticileri ve Hakkari Üniversitesi öğrenci temsilcisi ile nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan derinlemesine görüşme tekniği kullanılarak analiz yapılmıştır. Yapılan görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler neticesinde, Hakkari Belediyesinin yerel politika oluşturma sürecine sivil aktörleri yeterince dahil etmediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Hakkari’de sivil aktörler ile belediyenin iletişim mekanizmalarının zayıf olduğu görülmüştür.
Quality methods in Virtual and Augmented Reality: A systematic literature review
Authors: Karcher Amelie
Published: February 2023

To develop a uniform approach for the implementation of training in quality methods with the help of innovative assistance systems, the current state of research is determined in the context of this work. For this purpose, a systematic literature search (SLR) is used to determine the state of research with a focus on Augmented and Virtual Reality glasses, since these are particularly immersive technologies. Based on the databases Scopus and Web of Science, an extended SLR was used for the research. First research projects could be identified, but standardized models for training concepts of these technologies are still at the beginning and there is a need for further research, especially about the training of quality methods.
Silicon-mediated herbivore defence in a pasture grass under pre-industrial and Anthropocene levels of CO2
Authors: Biru Fikadu Negese , Cazzonelli Christopher I , Elbaum Rivka , Johnson Scott N
Published: February 2023

The uptake and accumulation of silicon (Si) in grass plants plays a crucial role in alleviating both biotic and abiotic stresses. Si supplementation has been reported to increase production of defence related antioxidant enzymes which helps to reduce oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) following herbivore attack. Atmospheric CO2 levels are known to affect Si accumulation in grasses; pre-industrial CO2 concentrations increase Si accumulation whereas elevated CO2 concentrations often decrease Si accumulation. This can potentially affect antioxidant enzyme production and subsequently insect herbivory, but this remains untested. We examined the effects of Si supplementation and herbivory by Helicoverpa armigera on antioxidant enzyme (catalase, CAT; superoxide dismutase, SOD; and ascorbate peroxidase, APX) activity in tall fescue grass (Festuca arundinacea) grown under CO2 concentrations of 200, 410, and 640 ppm representing pre-industrial, current and future CO2 levels, respectively. We also quantified foliar Si, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentrations and determined how changes in enzymes and elemental chemistry affected H. armigera relative growth rates and plant consumption. Rising CO2 concentrations increased plant mass and foliar C but decreased foliar N and Si. Si supplementation enhanced production of APX and SOD activity under the ranging CO2 regimes. Si accumulation and antioxidant enzyme production were at their highest level under pre-industrial CO2 conditions and their lowest level under future levels of CO2. The latter corresponded with increased herbivore growth rates and plant consumption suggesting that tall fescue could become more susceptible to herbivory under future CO2 conditions.
Slow-pyrolysis of brown macroalgae Padina sp.: Product characterization and degradation kinetic mechanism
Authors: AMRULLAH apip , FAROBIE Obie , Ernawati Lusi
Published: February 2023

In this research, a series of experiments on pyrolysis of brown algae "Padina sp." were conducted in a batch reactor under different temperatures (400, 500, and 600 oC) and reaction times (30, 60, and 90 min) in order to investigate the product behavior and the kinetic of solid degradation of Padina sp. during the pyrolysis process. The results showed that the bio-oil from Padina sp. can be split into its constituent parts, with chemicals such as carboxylic acids, hydrocarbons, n-aromatic compounds, amines/amides, and phenolic compounds identified. The ultimate analysis demonstrated that the atomic ratios of the biochar, both H/C and O/C, were lower than those of the raw material. The calorific values vary from 20.96 to 22.25 MJ kg− 1. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study of surface morphology also revealed that the biochar formed had a greater surface area than the algal feedstock. Additionally, the reaction kinetics of solid degradation at varied temperatures was deduced. The pre-exponential factor and activation energy for the degradation of solid feedstock were successfully determined for the first time using the Arrhenius equation as 8.44x1010s− 1 and 144.4 kJ mol⁻1, respectively.
Flexible self-supporting interconnected cobalt sulfide nanosheets enable high-loading and long-cycling Li-S batteries with high areal capacity
Authors: Tian Xiaohui , Che Lukang , Liu Mengdie , Selabi Naomie Beolle Songwe , Zhou Yingke
Published: February 2023

Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSB) with high theoretical specific capacity/energy density still face some practical challenges, for instance shuttle effect, sluggish redox kinetics and corrosion of Li anode, which leads to rapid capacity decay. To overcome these challenges, herein, a porous and flexible sulfur host composed of interconnected Co9S8 nanosheets in-situ grown on carbon cloth surface was constructed by a one-pot solvothermal method and applied as binder-free self-supporting electrode of LSB. The interconnected carbon fiber skeleton and highly conductive Co9S8 nanosheets can provide abundant electron-transport channels to ensure excellent electric conductibility for electrode. Meanwhile, the abundant adsorption and catalytic sites provided by Co9S8 nanosheets can effectively inhibit dissolution of polysulfides and improve conversion kinetics of polysulfides, effectively suppressing “shuttle effect” and protecting Li anode. The interconnected Co9S8 nanosheets can also offer adequate void to facilitate penetration for Li2S6 solution/electrolyte, accelerate lithium-ion diffusion and accommodate volume expansion of sulfur, thus ensuring high sulfur utilization and remarkable cycle stability of electrode. The Co9S8-CC/Li2S6 electrode achieves impressive lithium-storage performance, including high discharge capacity (1315.1 mA h g− 1, 0.1 C), excellent rate capability (872.4 mA h g− 1, 2 C) and outstanding cyclic stability (decay of 0.02%/cycle over 1500 cycles, 2 C). Under a high sulfur-loading of 6.2 mg cm− 2, the Co9S8-CC/Li2S6 electrode still delivers high discharge capacity (1115.1 mAh g− 1, 0.1 C) and good cycling stability (decay of 0.129%/cycle during 200 cycles, 0.5 C). This study offers insights for rational designing and structure engineering of self-supporting metal sulfide based composite host for high-performance LSB application.
Hypoxic preacclimatization combining intermittent hypoxia exposure and physical exercise significantly improves hypoxic tolerance
Authors: Xie Jiaxin , Zhong Zhifeng , Dong Huaping , Huang Pei , Zhou Simin , Tian Huaijun , Wu Yu , Li Peng
Published: February 2023

Background
Hypoxic preacclimatization has been an effective strategy to enhance the tolerance to high altitude hypoxia. We aimed to determine whether preacclimatization combining intermittent hypoxia exposure (IHE) and physical exercise can further promote hypoxia acclimatization and select the optimal protocol.
Methods
120 Han Chinese young men were enrolled and randomly assigned into the control group and 3 experimental groups with 5-day rest, 5-day exercise, and 3-day exercise in a hypobaric chamber. Main parameters for hypoxia acclimatization, AMS incidence, physical capacity, and cognitive function were measured in the hypobaric chamber 2 days after training. The effect was compared between different protocols.
Results
SpO2 and HR of the 5-day rest group were significantly higher than those of the controls (p = 0.000, p = 0.000, respectively). The proportion of moderate and severe headache of 3-day exercise group was significantly lower than that of the controls (p = 0.002). The 5-day exercise group had significantly higher SpO2, VO2max, digital symbol and pursuit aiming test scores (p = 0.005, p = 0.002, p = 0.005, and p = 0.005, respectively), while shorter color selection reaction time (p = 0.004), as compared with the control group. Participants with 5-day exercise achieved better performance on digital symbol and color selection reaction test than those of 5-day rest group did (p = 0.004 and p = 0.007, respectively).
Conclusions
Hypoxic preacclimatization combining IHE with physical exercise of moderate intensity appears to be efficient in promoting hypoxia acclimatization, especially for improvement of mental and physical capacity in hypoxia.
Response of plant functional traits to water table gradients in the Zoige Alpine wetland, China
Authors: Yang Jun , Gao Yongheng , Zhao Chuan , Chen Huai
Published: February 2023

Aims Functional trait-based approaches have been widely used to explore the relationship between plants and their surroundings. However, the response of plant functional traits to water table gradients in alpine wetlands has not been well understood so far.
Methods Here, we conducted a mesocosm experiment in which five common plant species were collected at four water table gradients (WT10, WT0, WT-20, and WT-50, which represent the water table at 10 cm, 0 cm, -20 cm and -50 cm from the surface) and classified into two types based on clustering analysis of photosynthetic traits: hydrophytes(Carex muliensis, Equisetum ramosissimum and Caltha scaposa) and mesophytes (Pedicularis longiflora var. tubiformis and Juncus allioides). The adaptation strategies of alpine wetland plants to water level changes were revealed by analyzing differences in plant responses to water level gradients and trade-offs between traits.
Results Hydrophytes had higher morphological traits, such as higher leaf dry matter content (LDMC), while mesophytes had higher photosynthetic traits, such as higher maximum electron transfer rate (ETRmax) and stoichiometric traits, such as total nitrogen (TN). The morphological, photosynthetic and stoichiometric traits of hydrophytes decreased with decreasing water level gradient, while mesophytes showed the opposite pattern. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that leaf area (LA) and TN of both hydrophytes and mesophytic were most sensitive to water level changes, and these two traits could be used indirectly to predict the response of alpine wetland plants to water level changes. In addition, the number of correlations among hydrophytes traits was higher than that of mesophytes, reflecting that the mutual regulation and trade-offs among hydrophytes traits were better than that of mesophytes.
Conclusions Taken together, alpine wetland water table declines have a negative feedback effect on hydrophytes and a positive feedback effect on mesophytes growth. Such information contributes to predict and assess the effects of declining water levels on plant growth in alpine wetlands.
Sublethal impacts of Buprofezin and Pyriproxyfen on cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis through transgenerational hormesis
Authors: Hussain Sabir , Shahid Muhammad Rafiq , Ather Tooba , Khan Lal , Bibi Amna , Kanwal Sadia , Ahmad Nadia Hussain
Published: February 2023

Insect pests are exposed to repeated applications of pesticides to effectively manage the pest species. This induces insecticide resistance and resurgence of target insect pest with an accelerated growth rate of the targeted individual. The present experiment was put into execution to examine transgenerational hormesis against different biological parameters of Phenacoccus solenopsis when exposed to sublethal concentrations of Pyriproxyfen (Pyriproxyfen® 10 EC) and Buprofezin (Buprofezin® 25 WP). Insects exhibited concentration-dependent mortality diminishing in succeeding generations. P. solenopsis receiving the sublethal concentration of LC10 (0.03%) of Pyriproxyfen® exhibited hormesis in natality in generation (G)-4 (1282.4 nymphs/20 females) and G-5 (1296.2 nymphs/20 females). The adult female exposed to LC10 (0.02%) of Buprofezin® also expressed hormesis in natality in G-4 (1261.5 nymphs/20 females) and G-5 (1282.8 nymphs/20 females). Hormesis in female longevity was also found when treated with a sublethal concentration of LC10 for Pyriproxyfen® (0.03%) in generation four (46.41 days) and five (46.35 days). Similarly, adults in G-4 and G-5 at a sublethal concentration of LC10 (0.02%) for Buprofezin® induced hormesis in G-4 (45.53 days) and G-5 (46.69days), whereas in G-4 (4.79 days) and G-5 (4.92days) at stimulatory concentrations of LC10 (0.03%) of pyriproxyfen®. The whole research ended up with a conclusion that continuous administration of sublethal concentrations can induce stimulations in different biological traits demonstrating the surprising biological capacity of insects to cope with stressors and contemplation of this aspect is necessary when integrating the pest management programs.
‹Was soll ich schon richten, wenn Google seine Spielchen treibt?›
Authors: Grünberger Nina
Published: February 2023

Aktuell ist eine Intensivierung des Diskurses um eine nachhaltige Digitalität oder digitale Nachhaltigkeit beobachtbar. Im Zentrum steht dabei das Verhältnis von Mensch, (digitaler) Technologie und Umwelt. Häufig wird dabei die Frage nach der Verantwortung von Einzelpersonen, Institutionen oder politischen Akteur:innen gestellt. Eine vorschnelle Beantwortung dieser Frage oder gar ein Einmahnen von nachhaltigerem individuellen Medienhandeln und vereinfachter oder monodirektionaler politischer Regelung übersieht, dass die strukturelle Eingewobenheit, insbesondere in digital-kapitalistische Strukturen monopolistischer IT-Plattformen, die Entscheidungsgrundlagen bedingen, im Sinne einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung in der Digitalität bisweilen erschwert und Handlungsalternativen massiv eingrenzt. Kann dann aber weiterhin die Ermöglichung eines digital-souveränen Handelns das Ziel von Medienbildung sein? Kann dann die Frage nach der Verantwortung auf der Ebene von Einzelpersonen diskutiert werden? Der Beitrag fokussiert die Frage nach der Verantwortung von Medienpädagogik im Kontext digital-kapitalistischer Strukturen. Hierfür erfolgt zunächst eine vertiefende Auseinandersetzung mit dem Orientierungs- und Verantwortungsbegriff, mit Positionen zur Digitalen Souveränität und dem Digitalen Kapitalismus und schliesslich mit der Diskussion möglicher Aufgaben der Medienpädagogik als wissenschaftliche Disziplin und pädagogisches Praxisfeld.
Measurement of Cardiac Troponin in Calves Affected with Respiratory Disease
Authors: Anderson D. E. , White Brad
Published: February 2023

Troponin may prove useful as a field test to more accurately select calves with cardiopulmonary disease. This may be useful in determining the severity, response to therapy, and prognosis of these calves. Early, accurate

diagnosis will, in turn, direct therapy that may lessen distress associated with respiratory disease in cattle.
Efficacy of Formic Acid as a Means of Controlling Mycoplasma bovis and Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in Dairy Cattle
Authors: Quirk Z. , West J. , Gorden P. , Leuschen B. , Griffith R. , Plummer P.
Published: February 2023

Adequate colostral transfer of immunoglobulins is critical to the health of the dairy calf. However, colostrum and waste milk can also serve as an efficient mode of transmission for pathogens including Mycoplasma spp and Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis, the causative agent for Johne's disease. Pasteurization and colostrum substitutes are successful means of eliminating this threat, but are cost-restrictive for many smaller dairy producers. There is a critical need for an alternative method to prevent the transmission of these diseases while maintaining adequate passive transfer of immunoglobulins. This study examines the use of acidification of colostrum and waste milk using formic acid as a control system for these pathogens while maintaining the integrity of the immunoglobulins.
Management of Cull Feeder Cattle
Authors: Edwards Thomas A.
Published: February 2023

Every cattle-feeding operation has animals that fail to meet standard health and/or performance expectations. This may be the result of illness and failure to respond to therapy, an aversion to environmental conditions, or a low pecking order within the hierarchy of the pen. If the immune system and metabolic status of the animal fails to adjust or recover from the challenges, a degenerative state of health and performance is likely to follow. As a result, the animal may be moved to a convalescent or long-term recovery pen where additional management programs may be applied. Upon entering this salvage program, the animal may be classified as a "chronic", "realizer", or "railer". Multiple management strategies can be utilized to return the animal to a productive state, or sell through an alternative marketing program. However, in certain instances, the veterinarian and the producer must concede to a progressive and degenerative condition that requires an immediate decision for the health and well-being of the affected animal.
Practical Aspects of Accelerated Feeding of Dairy Calves
Authors: Anderson N. G.
Published: February 2023

Classic accelerated feeding refers to enhanced nutrition compared to conventional (restricted) feeding; for example, milk replacer with 26% protein rather than 20%, a mixing ratio of 170 grams per litre rather than 125, and feeding volumes of five litres per day rather than four litres. Greater protein, mixing ratio, and volume results in greater weight and stature at weaning compared to conventional feeding. Recently, accelerated feeding has taken on new meaning thanks to some old and some new milk delivery systems. These systems enhance a calf’s feeding experience by allowing individual calves to achieve their biological growth in addition to meeting their physiological and behavioral needs. Ad libitum feeding may be the new paradigm for accelerated feeding because ad libitum systems mimic more closely nature’s way and compliment group housing. This presentation looks at a few practical aspects of accelerated feeding in its various forms.
Integrated program for reducing bovine respiratory disease complex in beef and dairy cattle coordinated agricultural project (BRD CAP)
Authors: Van Eenennaam Alison L.
Published: February 2023

There is growing interest in selective breeding of livestock for enhanced disease resistance. Bovine respiratory disease (BRD), or pneumonia, is the largest single natural cause of death in US beef and dairy cattle, and BRD resistance represents an obvious target for selective breeding programs. The heritability of disease resistance is typically low, in part as a result of suboptimal diagnosis (i.e. not all sick animals are identified, healthy animals may be incorrectly diagnosed as ill, and some susceptible animals will appear resistant when in fact they have not been exposed). Additionally, the genetic basis of BRD susceptibility is likely complex and governed by the effects of multiple genes. This suggests a large number of case:control animals will be needed in datasets for disease susceptibility marker discovery. In 2011, the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI) funded a five-year Coordinated Agricultural Project entitled "Integrated Program for BRD in Beef and Dairy Cattle". The overarching research objective of this multi-institutional "BRD CAP" project is to use newly-available genomic tools to identify host genome regions associated with susceptibility to BRD. During 2011, 2,000 dairy calves on a single large California facility were enrolled in a BRD case:control design study using an objective scoring system, and genotyped using a high-density bovine single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip. It is envisaged that analyses of these data and future studies will lead to development of DNA tests to enable the selection of animals that are less susceptible to BRD, which is much-needed given growing concern regarding both animal welfare and use of antimicrobial therapeutics.
Selenium nutrition and therapy in small ruminants
Authors: Van Saun Robert J.
Published: February 2023

The objective of this presentation is to address selenium metabolism, disease relationships, and nutritional assessment in small ruminants. Selenium has long been recognized for its toxicity potential, which has driven the regulations restricting dietary supplementation. Selenium deficiency diseases are prevalent in small ruminants raised in geographic regions where soil selenium is marginal to deficient. Toxicity disease most often results from inappropriate parenteral supplementation. Sheep, goats, and camelids respond similarly to selenium deficiency or toxicity diseases, though diagnostic criteria assessing selenium status differ.
Ultrasonographic progression of lung consolidation after experimental infection with Mannheimia haemolytica in Holstein bull calves
Authors: Ollivett T. L. , Hewson J. , Shubotz R. , Caswell J.
Published: February 2023

Bronchopneumonia (BP) is a disease process that reduces the well-being and economic potential of dairy replacement animals and is a world-wide issue. Clinical signs are variable and frequently inapparent or non-specific, which often results in misclassification of affected animals. Misclassification causes the inappropriate use of antimicrobials and reduces labor efficiency for the operation. At the research level, proper classification is instrumental in achieving an unbiased investigation of the individual animal or whole herd. Thoracic ultrasonography (US), which detects consolidated lung tissue, is a potentially fast and reliable method for diagnosing BP. Studies conducted to determine how quickly lung consolidation develops following bacterial infection by use of antemortem methods, such as thoracic US, are lacking. Results of studies that used postmortem methods suggest that inflammatory infiltrates develop in the lower airways within 2 to 3 hours after infection. Ultrasonography might detect exudate-filled airways equally soon after infection. The purpose of this study was to describe the progression of lung consolidation as determined by US after experimental infection of dairy calves with Mannheimia haemolytica.
Teaching goat clients to prevent pregnancy toxemia
Authors: Rowe Joan Dean
Published: February 2023

Pregnancy toxemia is a frequent and important disease of prolific does in late gestation, resulting in high mortality of does and loss of valuable kids. Veterinarians can play an important role in preventing losses from pregnancy toxemia by training owners to recognize management factors predisposing to disease, and by teaching them to prioritize observations and develop management strategies to decrease the risk of pregnancy toxemia in the herd. Utilization of ultrasound pregnancy diagnosis, including staging and enumeration, accurate identification and recordkeeping, are the cornerstones of these strategies. Monitoring of body condition, adjusting timing and amount of lead-feeding according to risk, and adapting penning or identification strategies to appropriately feed and closely monitor the highest-risk animals, while providing a system for early detection and treatment of clinical disease, are key to minimizing the impact of pregnancy toxemia in the goat herd.
Influencing dairy profitability beyond traditional dairy veterinary services
Authors: Van der Leek M. L.
Published: February 2023

In spite of a strong desire, even when vocalized, it remains a challenge for the role of the dairy veterinarian to move beyond that of a traditional one. In larger herds with a high reproductive work-load, we are at even greater risk of becoming specialist technicians. Instead we seek opportunity for greater involvement to deliver comprehensive services and to be recognized for such, both personally and financially.

Given the frequency of our visits, knowledge, and analytical skills, veterinarians in a unique position to provide inputs that complement the advice given by other consultants. The failure to do so has economic consequences for both the veterinarian and the dairyman. The income associated with additional consultation is lost, as is the associated job satisfaction. In turn the farmer might not optimally utilize the veterinarian’s input, foregoing the economic benefits of such. The opportunity for and the value of inputs will differ for every client and we need to remain cognizant of their motivation.
Becoming indispensable by using "Systems Thinking" to tackle challenging and complex problems in practice
Authors: Groves John T.
Published: February 2023

Many veterinary practitioners and consultants play critical and indispensable roles in the management and decision-making processes of large, complex production structures. The discipline of Systems Thinking offers an opportunity and methodology to understand the interrelated forces that impact complex systems overtime in ways that help to identify innovative and high-leverage solutions. Systems Thinking is a dynamic tool that has long been used by business management entities to gain insight into effective and sustainable management strategies. This paper provides an introduction to the language and methodologies of Systems Thinking and how it can be applied to the veterinary profession in a way that allows us to understand and impact the challenging and complex problems inherent to livestock production.
Camelid 101
Authors: Walker Pamela G.
Published: February 2023

Camelids are new to many veterinary professionals. This session is targeted to introduce common industry standards and owner involvement with their animals, and to teach routine methods and procedures involving camelids.
Implications of allopregnanolone in weak calf syndrome
Authors: Riedel P. , Dascanio J. , Johnson J. , Miller L.
Published: February 2023

Weak calf syndrome (WCS) produces "dummy calves" that are weak and unable to stand or nurse. The causes of WCS are not well understood and often attributed to hypoxic and ischemic injury without confirmation. Recent research in other species has pointed to an alternative mechanism behind neonatal syndromes comparable to WCS. This involves the persistence of progesterone metabolites in the neonatal brain resulting in symptoms consistent with WCS. One specific progesterone metabolite, allopregnanolone, may be a significant contributor to WCS pathogenesis, which this study intended to demonstrate.
Understanding the mechanism of metaphylaxis from an epidemiologic perspective
Authors: Vander Ley Brian
Published: February 2023

Metaphylaxis has become an integral component of BRD control in high-risk cattle in North America. It has proven to be both effective and economically advantageous in clinical trials and in field application. The efficacy of metaphylaxis against BRD not only lies in its ability to treat cases in progress at the time of administration, but also in that metaphylaxis modifies epidemic parameters that ultimately reduce the size and severity of disease outbreaks in groups of cattle. One possible explanation for this effect is that metaphylaxis temporarily creates a uniform shift in the susceptibility of treated cattle that delays clinical disease while allowing stress to dissipate and adaptive immunity against BRD pathogens to develop. This shift, and the changes that occur while it is in effect, starve the epidemic of new susceptible cases which reduces BRD morbidity in the population. Provided this theory is accurate, metaphylaxis could be better targeted by using diagnostics to identify and treat only susceptible cattle rather than all of them; however, current technology prevents timely application of such information.
Best-practice recommendations for disbudding dairy goat kids
Authors: Hempstead M. N. , Waas J. R. , Stewart M. , Sutherland M. A. , Fowler J. L. , Plummer P. J.
Published: February 2023

Cautery disbudding is a routine painful husbandry practice carried out on young goat kids using a hot cautery iron to destroy the horn buds and prevent horn growth. The objective of this review is to evaluate scientific literature on cautery disbudding of goat kids and discuss variation in practice including training, kid-related factors (e.g., age, sex), iron-related factors (e.g., temperature, application time), and pain mitigation in order to provide best-practice recommendations for cautery disbudding dairy goat kids. Goat kid-specific training is required to improve consistency across operators and reduce any harmful effects associated with cautery disbudding. The best age to disbud doe kids is approximately a week of age, but buck kids may be disbudded earlier (3 to 5 days). Cautery irons can range in temperature depending on power-source, age and brand, all of which should be taken into consideration when deciding on application time. Not more than 15 sec should be used, and ideal application time of the iron may be between 5 and 7 sec to cauterize and remove the horn bud. Removing the horn bud improves efficacy in preventing scurs. Isoflurane or dexmedetomidine and meloxicam can reduce pain associated with cautery disbudding, whereas lidocaine may not. Goat kid-focused best-practice recommendations for cautery disbudding can improve goat welfare.
Differences between goat kids and calves in relation to cautery disbudding
Authors: Hempstead M. N. , Waas J. R. , Stewart M. , Sutherland M. A.
Published: February 2023

Limited scientific literature is available for developing ‘best-practice’ guidelines for the disbudding of goat kids. Disbudding practices for dairy goat kids and calves appear to be similar; however, when considering goat welfare, it is important to recognize that goat kids are not small calves. Disbudding causes pain, impacting on the welfare of both species. The objectives of this review are to evaluate scientific literature on disbudding of goat kids and calves, and compare cautery disbudding methodologies, behavioral and physiological responses to disbudding, and pain mitigation strategies across the 2 species. There are significant differences in methodologies including age, iron power source, temperature and iron application timing, and higher risks of brain injury in kids compared with calves. In addition, goat kids appear to have a shorter duration of behavioral and physiological responses, and there are differences in efficacy of pain mitigation strategies across the 2 species; future research is needed to optimize pain mitigation for goat kids. Establishing best-practice guidelines for disbudding goat kids requires managers to recognize that they are not small calves.
Field anesthesia
Authors: Nagy Dusty W.
Published: February 2023

There are a variety of methods for restraint and analgesia for surgical procedures in the bovine. A combination of manual restraint using chutes or ropes, local or regional nerve blocks, and anesthetic agents are often employed in the field. Compounds of varying anesthetic classes may be used singly or in combination to achieve the desired results for the procedure being performed.
Interrelationships between maternal and fetal mineral status
Authors: Van Saun Robert J.
Published: February 2023

Deficient mineral status of the developing fetus has been associated with potential risk for abortion and stillbirth. However, the relationship between maternal and fetal hepatic mineral concentrations is not simply a linear association and there are increasing concerns over mineral toxicity in the fetus or neonatal calf. The objective of this study is to utilize paired maternal and fetal liver mineral concentrations using a calculated ratio of fetal-to-maternal and maternal-to-fetal hepatic mineral concentrations to identify maternal-fetal relationships in hepatic mineral concentrations.
Flippin’ the iceberg
Authors: Rethorst David
Published: February 2023

This paper offers a brief introduction into systems thinking and some of the basic thought processes used with this methodology. Systems thinking offers frameworks and tools that can be used to develop more effective strategies for effective change. These frameworks and tools help users recognize hidden and unintended consequences, as well as think deeper and wider about complex systems. Using bovine respiratory disease (BRD) as an example, this process will be used to study underlying factors that impact the immune system and thus contribute to BRD. This discussion should provide food for thought on areas where veterinarians can interact with producers to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with BRD in cow-calf production systems and thus in the feedyard.