bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pattern of Cleft Lip and Palate Clefts at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alkhathami Ali M. , Alturki Ahmed T. , Ulhaq Muhammad M. , Al-Meshal Obaid
Published: August 2024

Background

Clefts of the lip and palate (CL/P) and cleft palate (CP) are the most common craniofacial congenital anomalies. Clefts are classified as syndromic and nonsyndromic. Nonsyndromic clefts have no known genetic causes.

Objectives

This study combines prospective and retrospective studies to review the patterns of CL/P and CP and associated syndromes and conditions in patients registered for CL/P surgery at a tertiary care pediatric center in our tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Methods

It included patient data from May 2015 through April 2023. Patient record forms and SPSS (IBM version 20.0) were used to collect and analyze data. A significance level of 5% was used, with p ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results

Of the 319 patients who met our inclusion criteria, 175 were male. Of the total, 99 had a left unilateral isolated cleft lip, 61 had a right unilateral isolated cleft lip, 69 had a bilateral cleft lip, and 90 had an isolated CP. Of the total, 140 had CL/P. Around 242 were nonsyndromic. The Chi-square test revealed a significant association between the prevalence of isolated CP and CLP and gender. The prevalence of left unilateral isolated cleft lip and bilateral and isolated CP was significantly associated with syndromic and nonsyndromic cases.

Conclusion

Males are more likely to be affected by orofacial clefts, which is consistent with the global trend. Isolated CP was the most common orofacial cleft. Within the sample, syndromes’ association with orofacial clefts was significantly weaker than that of isolated and bilateral clefts.
Retailer Information Sharing With Upstream Product Line Flexibility
Authors: Ji Xiang , Wu Jie , Chen Zhixin , Shi Ruixia
Published: August 2024

With the rise of the digital economy, many firms are enhancing product line flexibility (i.e., the ability to adjust product line length or depth) to better manage demand uncertainties brought about by disruptive technologies. Concurrently, the booming digital economy has widened the information gap in supply chains. Retailers/platforms can now gather more detailed data to predict demand, but such data remains unavailable to manufacturers. This article studies how a manufacturer’s product line flexibility influences a retailer’s incentive to voluntarily share private demand information. We show that upstream product line flexibility encourages a retailer to voluntarily share information when product substitutability is low and the product line extension fee is moderate. This insight challenges the conventional belief that retailers should keep demand information private to maintain an advantage over manufacturers. Our work is the first to suggest that upstream product line flexibility can significantly motivate retailer information sharing. Additionally, we show that, although a social planner might prefer to withhold demand information from the manufacturer in the absence of product line flexibility, sharing this information becomes preferable when the manufacturer can adjust the product line length. The retailer’s decision on information sharing can align with the social planner’s in such scenarios. Furthermore, we demonstrate that, given upstream product line flexibility, except when product substitutability is not sufficiently high and the product line extension fee is moderate, the retailer’s information sharing decision is unaffected by whether the manufacturer determines the product line design before or after demand is realized and shared accordingly.
Strategic Workforce Planning in Crowdsourced Delivery With Hybrid Driver Fleets
Authors: Luy Julius , Hiermann Gerhard , Schiffer Maximilian
Published: August 2024

Nowadays, logistics service providers (LSPs) increasingly consider using a crowdsourced workforce on the last mile to fulfill customers’ expectations regarding same-day or on-demand delivery at reduced costs. The crowdsourced workforce’s availability is, however, uncertain. Therefore, LSPs often hire additional fixed employees to perform deliveries when the availability of crowdsourced drivers is low. In this context, the reliability versus flexibility trade-off which LSPs face over a longer period, for example, a year, remains unstudied. Against this background, we jointly study a workforce planning problem that considers salaried drivers (SDs) and the temporal development of the crowdsourced driver (CD) fleet over a long-term time horizon. We consider two types of CDs, dedicated gig-drivers (DDs) and opportunistic gig-drivers (ODs). While DDs are not sensitive to the request’s destination and typically exhibit high availability, ODs only serve requests whose origin and destination coincide with their own private route’s origin and destination. Moreover, to account for time horizon-specific dynamics, we consider stochastic turnover for both SDs and CDs as well as stochastic CD fleet growth. We formulate the resulting workforce planning problem as a Markov decision process whose reward function reflects total costs, that is, wages and operational costs arising from serving demand with SDs and CDs, and solve it via approximate dynamic programming. Applying our approach to an environment based on real-world demand data from GrubHub, we find that in fleets consisting of SDs and CDs, approximate dynamic programming (ADP)-based hiring policies can outperform myopic hiring policies by up to [Formula: see text] and lookahead policies with perfect knowledge of future information by up to [Formula: see text] in total costs. In the studied setting, we observed that DDs reduce the LSP’s total costs more than ODs. When we account for CDs’ increased resignation probability when not being matched with enough requests, the amount of required SDs increases.
Commit on Effort or Sales? Value of Commitment in Live-streaming E-commerce
Authors: Xiao Yongbo , Yu Jing , Zhou Sean X
Published: August 2024

With rapid development of live-streaming e-commerce, an increasing number of firms are collaborating with live-streamers (e.g., online influencers and celebrities) to host online live-shows for selling their products. To reduce the firm’s risk and motivate it to stock more, live-streamers can commit a minimum sales volume and/or the effort devoted to attracting fans and promoting the upcoming live-show. In this article, we study the roles of such sales and effort commitments on the performance of a “supply chain” in which a seller sells its product via a live-streamer. Product demand at the live-show is random while depending on the live-streamer’s pre-show effort and the seller needs to decide the amount of inventory for sale at the live-show. We consider three scenarios, in which the live-streamer makes sales-only, effort-only, and hybrid commitments, and compare the decisions and profits of both parties. We show that the commitment on sales volume or effort is mutually beneficial to the seller and the live-streamer. Moreover, the hybrid commitment can motivate the seller to stock more inventory and induce more effort from the live-streamer compared to sales-only or effort-only commitment. The live-streamer always prefers the hybrid commitment whereas the seller may prefer the sales-only commitment, for example, when the penalty is at a medium level.
Dynamic Multi-product Procurement With Joint and Individual Setup Costs: Theory and Insights
Authors: Kong Xiangyin , Yu Yimin , Wang Huihui
Published: August 2024

In practice, it is common, especially for online retailers, to bundle different products together during procurement to save transportation and handling costs. It is important to understand and theorize how to manage dynamic procurement by taking advantage of joint ordering in the presence of joint and individual setup costs. In this article, we characterize the structure of optimal policy for a periodic review multiproduct inventory system with multiple setup costs, including a joint setup cost and an individual setup cost for each product. By proposing the notion of [Formula: see text]-quasi-convexity, we show that an optimal procurement policy for such a system follows the so-called ([Formula: see text]) policy when demands increase stochastically over time: order up to [Formula: see text] for states in the region [Formula: see text], do not order for states in the region [Formula: see text], and order certain quantities for states in neither [Formula: see text] nor [Formula: see text]. To better understand the optimal policy, we provide the bounds for the optimal order-up-to levels and the boundary sets of the optimal policy. Under the convex single-period inventory costs, we also provide a lower bound deterministic system which can be asymptotically optimal as the coefficient of variations decreases to zero. Leveraging these operational insights, we propose five simple heuristic policies: the independent ([Formula: see text]) policy, vector ([Formula: see text]) policy, linear interpolation ([Formula: see text]) policy, the deterministic approximation, and the weighted deterministic approximation policy. Extensive numerical experiments indicate that the last three heuristics perform well. In particular, the weighted deterministic approximation policy, whose average performance gap is < 1%, dominates the others in almost all our numerical experiments. Finally, we show that how our results can be extended to systems with more complex setup cost functions, such as time-varying, set-based, and quantity-dependent setup costs.
Mental Health Interventions in Middle Schools: A 10-Year Review of Research
Authors: McKay Elizabeth Anne , Mattheus Deborah , Fontenot Holly B.
Published: August 2024

Schools can play an important role in addressing growing concerns about adolescent mental health. Mental health of high school students has predominantly been the focus in literature with less emphasis on younger adolescents. This review identified articles published in the last decade that described evaluations of middle school-based mental health interventions and randomized participants to an intervention or control condition. Fourteen interventions met the inclusion criteria. About two-thirds of interventions were based on mindfulness or cognitive behavioral therapy. Many trials utilized racially diverse, low-income samples. All interventions were delivered to groups, and three contained a parent component. Five trials increased rigor by using an active control condition. Almost two-thirds of the interventions were effective ( p < .10) in reducing at least one depression, anxiety, affect, or internalizing symptom outcome compared to a control group. This article provides information about intervention characteristics, efficacy, theoretical framework, and acceptability/feasibility.
Igniting Sustainability Through the ‘Profit-For-Impact’ Catalyst: A Case Study
Authors: Duarte Alonso Abel , Vu Oanh Thi Kim , Nguyen Lam Canh , Akbari Mohammadreza , Nguyen Ngan Mai
Published: August 2024

Breaking new ground in the realm of sustainability research, this study delves into the ‘profit-for-impact’ model’s dynamics through a compelling lens – the case of TONTOTON, an innovative player in plastic neutralisation that has operationalised the model in the context of Vietnam. Interwoven with insights from the natural resource-based perspective and sustainability literature, the research probes how this practitioner-instigated business philosophy aligns with sustainability’s key pillars, charts its sustainable course and envisions its evolution. Semi-structured interviews conducted with TONTOTON’s leadership and a pivotal external business ally were subsequently dissected through qualitative content analysis and data structure, thereby unveiling 14 conceptual dimensions. These dimensions, where partnerships and tangible accomplishments emerge as central themes, conceptually illuminate and demonstrate the profit-for-impact model’s value and further potential for fostering engagement, catalysing problem-solving, and harmonising with sustainability principles while yielding enduring benefits. These findings contributed to crafting a conceptual framework underscoring theoretical and practical implications.
A stepwise implementation of the Slovenian National Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Program – evaluation of the first 4.5 years
Authors: Šulak Marko , Jevnikar Kristina , Drnovšek Fran , Vrhovec Levin , Urbančič Mojca , Potrč Maja , Thaler Angela , Čokl Neža , Zaletel Jelka , Petrovič Mojca Globočnik
Published: August 2024

Background

This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the characteristics of patients enrolled in the national diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening program and evaluate the selected program's quality elements in the first five years after implementation.

Methods

Patients who underwent DR screening between February 2018 and June 2022 at the University Medical Centre Ljubljana were included. General patient characteristics (age, sex, type and therapy of diabetes mellitus (DM), duration of DM, blood HbA1c levels), best corrected visual acuity, stage of DR, presence of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR), and selected quality indicators (quality of photographs, re-screening interval, time to treatment) were recorded and evaluated.

Results

A total of 34 654 screening examinations were performed on 13 513 patients with diabetes. The majority (77.3%) had Type 2 diabetes, with a mean DM duration of 9.74 ± 9.87 years. In 55.9% of patients, DM duration was less than ten years, and the mean HbA1c was 7.33% ± 1.49. DR signs were noted in 29.1% of patients and 0.89% of patients exhibited STDR. After establishing the diagnosis of STDR, treatment was initiated in 3.43 ± 1.98 months.

Conclusion

Implementing the DR screening program provides valuable insights into managing diabetic retinopathy nationwide. It allows for the early detection of sight-threatening DR and facilitates timely and effective treatment, which could help prevent severe visual impairment.
Focal alveolar hemorrhage following guide-wire progression into the pulmonary arterial circulation during fibrin sheath angioplasty and catheter exchange: Case report
Authors: Martins João Figueiredo , Marouço Catarina , Caeiro Fernando
Published: August 2024

Central venous catheters are a frequently used vascular access for hemodialysis. Fibrin sheath formation is a common complication and is associated with catheter malfunction. Although fibrin sheath angioplasty with catheter exchange is a frequently employed procedure, it can be associated with mechanical complications. An important technical step in this procedure is progression of the guide-wire into the inferior vena cava. Focal alveolar hemorrhage is a very rare complication of this procedure. We report a case of a 70-year old patient on dual antiplatelet therapy who underwent fibrin sheath angioplasty with guide-wire catheter exchange and experienced focal alveolar hemorrhage presenting as hemoptysis and acute type 1 respiratory failure. Progression of the guide-wire into the pulmonary circulation and antithrombotic therapy played a significant role in the development of this complication. This report aims to call attention to a poorly described and potentially serious yet avoidable complication of fibrin sheath angioplasty with guide-wire catheter exchange.
Imprinting and the evolution of evaluation: A descriptive account of social impact evaluation methodological practice
Authors: Ahearn Elizabeth-Rose , Parsell Cameron
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the evolution of evaluation approaches within the charitable sector, emphasising the proliferation of options throughout waves of evaluation diffusion. We draw on imprinting theory to describe the persistence of specific practices despite the emergence of alternatives. The research aims to examine the imprinted values and practices of earlier evaluation waves on the current practice of evaluation by documenting the current methodological practice in a large sample of evaluation reports. The study illuminates the enduring impact of theory-driven evaluation, introduced in the 1980s, on current practices. However, it also reveals how this approach has evolved over subsequent evaluation waves, acquiring divergent characteristics. This imprinting is not only due to effectiveness but also due to normative pressures, which prioritise conformity with norms over practical utility. The study highlights the potential consequences of this imprinting, including management-focused evaluations and mission drift. We conclude by offering practical options to address tensions within the field and call for further research to better understand the nuances of decision-making in evaluation approaches.
Engaging With Lived Experience: Towards a Sociological Biography of a Sociological Category
Authors: Jones Paul
Published: August 2024

Although addressing the lives, perceptions, and practices of others, sociological research has an ambivalent association with the category of lived experience. Despite its use not always being accompanied by a precise definition, lived experience appears prominently in much academic research and teaching, descriptively standing in for direct firsthand engagement with a wide range of issues. But we know little about how it is implemented in research in contemporary academic sociology. Analysing the content of six years’ worth of British Sociological Association (BSA) journal articles that contain ‘lived experience’ (n36), the aim is to illuminate how sociologists practically deploy the category in their published research. Addressing questions of definition, method, authority of knowledge claims, and coherence of topical inquiry, a central contention is that in the articles reviewed lived experience – despite its often taken-for-granted character – does crucial categorical work with respect to how sociological research is produced and framed.
Accurate and fast damage thickness estimation in concrete using handheld GPR and spectral pattern matching
Authors: Mizutani Tsukasa , Iwai Shunsuke
Published: August 2024

Handheld Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is utilized for detecting rebar, but detecting damage is difficult due to its low reflectance. This study introduces an algorithm to quantitatively estimate damage thickness from GPR-received waveforms. Simple methods to separate peaks from time waveforms at the top and bottom of the crack prove challenging due to destructive interference and side lobes. In previous studies, it has been confirmed that minor variations in damage thickness affect the frequency property. We propose an algorithm to estimate damage thickness using pattern matching with a theoretical amplitude spectrum that accounts for multiple reflections. Initially, the damage thickness is roughly determined by combining low-frequency spectrum centroids with spectrum amplitude. After roughly estimating the damage thickness, subsequent spectral pattern matching is performed within predefined gating and bandwidth ranges. This approach enables quantitative estimation of damage thickness from 2 mm to 180 mm with a millimeter order accuracy, demonstrating its practical application potential.
Characterization and erosion wear behavior of Ni-13%WC8Co microwave clad on AISI-316 steel
Authors: Mishra Manavendra , Mishra SB , Shukla DK
Published: August 2024

A microwave hybrid heating technique was used to develop a protective composite cladding of Ni-13%WC8Co over AISI-316 stainless steel. The metallurgical and mechanical characterizations were done using XRD, SEM, EDS, and Vickers microhardness testers. The erosion wear was assessed at impact angles of 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90° and a velocity of 40 m/s. The dilution of clad material with steel resulted in good metallurgical bonding between the two. The SEM images have shown the hard cemented carbides within the soft nickel matrix. The diffraction pattern indicated the formation of WC, NiW, FeNi3, Co2C, and Co3W3C2 phases. Ni-13%WC8Co clad has a microhardness value of 1000.8 HV and a four times lower erosion rate than AISI-316 stainless steel. The craters, scratches and plowing marks are observed on the eroded clad surface. The erosion wear mechanism of Ni-WC-Co clad was mixed ductile-brittle, with an overall lower erosion rate.
Approving the Prosecution of Young Children in China: A Dangerous Choice?
Authors: Shuchen Tang , Pengqing Sun , Zilong Li
Published: August 2024

In criminal research, there exists an enduring question: ‘How old should a person be in order to be treated as an adult for purposes of criminal prosecution?’ The recent Amendment XI to the Criminal Law of China has not only lowered the minimum age of criminal responsibility but also established a procedure for the prosecution of young children. This article conducts a detailed examination of China’s minimum age of criminal responsibility and the procedures for the recent approval of prosecuting young children. It contends that China’s Amendment XI is an important measure that should be adopted to ensure the safety and well-being of society.
Assessing the role of COVID-19 stressors on perceptions of police misconduct in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Kotlaja Marijana M. , Kutnjak Ivkovich Sanja , Maskály Jon , Kobajica Sandra , Neyroud Peter
Published: August 2024

The current study applies the key components of GST to explore the relationship between stress and misconduct during the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed the answers provided by a sample of 480 police officers from Bosnia and Herzegovina and discovered that the relationship between strain and willingness to engage in police misconduct during the pandemic is complex; not all types of stressors were related to all forms of police misconduct included in our study. The two strongest organizational stressors were perceptions that the police agency was ineffective in dealing with the pandemic and that there was a lack of personal protective equipment for police officers. Fear for their own personal health, fear of COVID-19, and concerns that COVID-19 is much more dangerous than the flu were significant personal stressors related to their willingness to engage in police misconduct. Police's own willingness not to wear a mask and to visit friends and family with whom they do not live decreased the perception that the community is not adhering to the COVID-19 rules and regulations. Living with a partner was also negatively associated with the respondents’ willingness to engage in misconduct.
Corporate offending in Dutch inland shipping: A trajectory analysis
Authors: Meester Jelmar J. , Kluin Marieke H. A. , Blokland Arjan A. J. , Huisman Wim , Schuur Margje C. M. , Wassenburg Stephanie I.
Published: August 2024

Objectives: Describe the prevalence, frequency, and longitudinal development of regulatory offences within Dutch inland shipping on both the ship and business level. Examine whether latent groups with differing trajectories can be distinguished and compare differences between these trajectory groups. Methods: Longitudinal inland shipping inspection data from several inspection agencies are analysed. Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients are used to describe offence distributions. Group-based trajectory modelling is applied to analyse the longitudinal development of regulatory violations of ships and corporations. Between-group comparisons are made using (multivariate) analysis of variance. Results: A skewed distribution of offending on both the ship and business level is found. On both levels of analysis, four trajectory groups display differing developments in the distribution of offending. Although differences in characteristics between trajectory groups were present, effect sizes were small. Conclusions: Disproportionality in corporate offending at both levels of analysis is in constant motion. Regulators need to regularly (re)identify their target groups.
A study on the effectiveness of varying curative ratio to optimize performance of hydroxy terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) and hexamethylene diisocynate (HDI) based polyurethane elastomers
Authors: Tahir Naveed Ahmad , Othman Nadras , Zubir Syazana Ahmad
Published: August 2024

Polyurethanes possess exceptional performance traits and are employed in almost every sphere of life. Extended pot life up to 6–8 h with acceptable performance to produce larger composite propellants is a pre-requisite. Aromatic diisocyanates being more reactive gives inadequate pot life (3–4 h) and aliphatic diisocyanates gives unrealistic pot life (20–24 h). Curative ratio (R = NCO/OH) is the most frequently used to tailor the performance properties of polyurethanes. In this research work, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI),an aliphatic diisocynate with symmetric structure and a moderate reactivity has been utilized as a curative to extend the pot life up to 6–8 h with acceptable performance traits by varying the curative ratio from 1.0 to 2.0. The synthesized PU elastomers showed a reasonable pot life of 437 min at NCO/OH = 1.0 that decreased to 305 min when curative ratio increased to 2.0. The effectiveness of curative ratio variation to fine tune physical, mechanical and thermal properties was gauged. With increasing curative ratio, the degree of hydrogen bonding and microphase separation increased. Moreover, for these polyurethanes, tensile strength increased from 0.519 MPa to 1.249 MPa, and elongation at break declined from 1068 % to 438 %. The structural integrity of composite propellants is dependent upon the mechanical properties and the curing ratio = 1.6 is considered as optimum because it provides a good balance between the soft segment and the hard segments and gives polyurethane elastomers a good combination of mechanical properties and hardness. Thermal stability in terms of onset degradation temperature (T5) also increased from 345 to 364°C.
Effects of the particle size distribution of zinc powder on the anticorrosion performance of water-borne inorganic zinc-rich coatings
Authors: Zhang Chunjiang , Liu Baolei , Li Shenzhen , Zhang Zexu , Wu Bing , Emori Wilfred , Ran Qianping
Published: August 2024

Due of their excellent cathodic protection, zinc-rich coatings are among the most important protective coatings for steel substrates used in extremely corrosive and harsh maritime environments. Unfortunately, very few investigations exist on the impact of the size distribution of zinc particle on the electrochemical performances of aqueous inorganic zinc-rich coatings. Herein, we statistically analysed the particle size distribution of two differently sourced zinc powders, named X1 and X2, for coating applications. Their micro-morphologies and particle size distribution within the cross-section of the prepared coatings (designated E06-1-1/X1 and E06-1-1/X2) were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometry. While X1 exhibited a relatively uneven size distribution, X2 displayed a more distinct pattern with a step-down trend. After 2200 h, the open-circuit potential (OCP) of E06-1-1/X1coating was higher than that of the Q235 steel substrate (−0.72 V), and pitting corrosion was observed on its surface after 1000 h in a neutral salt spray test. The OCP of E06-1-1/X2 was lower than −0.72 V throughout the test duration of 2500 h, and the development of pits was observed after 1300 h. From the results of coating adhesion strength, OCP, electrochemical impedance spectra, and neutral salt spray tests, the effect of zinc particle size distribution on the anticorrosion performance of the two waterborne inorganic zinc-rich coatings was systematically investigated. The results show that improvements in zinc powder dispersion in coatings are related to the uniformity of zinc particle size distributions. Consequently, this increases the surface area at the interfaces between zinc powder and metal. Furthermore, zinc powders with consistent particle size distributions are better able to provide metal substrates with cathodic protection, while also affording water-based inorganic zinc-rich coatings prolonged anticorrosion effects. Therefore, this study advances the protection mechanism of zinc-rich coatings.
Effect of nanosized NiAl precipitates on the corrosion resistance of the superelastic Fe–Mn–Al–Ni–Nb–C alloy
Authors: Xiao Ao , Sun Deshan , Chen Yulin , Dong Zhizhong
Published: August 2024

Nanosized NiAl precipitates, which are generally regulated by aging treatment, are regarded as an ordered phase for the enhancement of superelasticity for Fe–Mn–Al–Ni alloys. However, the role of such intermetallic compounds in the corrosion resistance of Fe–Mn–Al–Ni alloys is poorly understood. Herein, we demonstrated the deleterious effect of nanosized NiAl precipitates on the corrosion resistance of Fe–Mn–Al–Ni system alloys by a comparative study of Fe–Mn–Al–Ni–Nb–C (NC) alloy with solid solution-treatment (NC-S) and the NC-S with an additional aging treatment (NC-SA). The NC-SA with dispersed NiAl precipitate showed a weaker corrosion resistance in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution compared to the NC-S. This is ascribed to the fact that the surface potential of the nanoscale NiAl precipitates (∼46 ± 5 nm) is about 23 mV lower than the adjacent matrix, thus preferentially corroding and forming microcavities. Accordingly, the microcavities expanded upon encountering shallow pits produced by the shedding of NbC precipitate, hastening the exfoliation of the passive film and diminishing NC-SA's corrosion resistance. Our findings reveal the role of ordered NiAl precipitate and provide insights into the design of the Fe–Mn–Al–Ni alloys with improved superelasticity and corrosion resistance.
Engaging Students in a Bilingual Service-Learning Health Promotion Project
Authors: Hughes Maria V.
Published: August 2024

Introduction: This service-learning, health promotion project used Leininger's Culture Care Theory to engage Baccalaureate Nursing students in a health promotion initiative specific to Hispanic community members. Methods: Thirty-seven students examined population health data, surveyed Hispanic community members to identify health priorities, and developed a population-specific intervention on diet and risk factors for diabetes. Students created a 5-min script focused on healthy eating plans with recognition of traditional foods associated with the Hispanic culture. Students delivered the script to community members attending an annual Hispanic Heritage Festival. Results: Seventy-six percent of the 488 community participants reported increased knowledge about diabetes risk factors and healthy eating habits. Each student completed a self-reflection on how the project impacted their transcultural skills and reported increased confidence related to engagement and communication with the Hispanic community. Discussion/Significance: Incorporating community-based service-learning into the undergraduate curricula is a powerful educational approach that can enhance students’ ability to provide culturally congruent nursing care.
Executive Leadership Development of Corporate Healthcare Leaders: Integrating Spirituality into the Framework
Authors: Shaw Martin , Burton Keith Augustus , Seberger Jennifer , Moise Lorreal , Wubbenhorst William , Reynolds Ramona
Published: August 2024

A faith-based healthcare system implemented a Leadership as Wholeness formation program, including a spiritual formation curriculum described here. The spiritual formation curriculum intends to connect leaders with their purpose and identity to ensure mission stability in the organizational culture, now and in the future. More research must be done to understand how, or even if, these types of programs make a meaningful difference in organizational mission initiatives and workforce stability.
Capability hardware enhanced instructions and artificial intelligence bill of materials in trustworthy artificial intelligence systems: analyzing cybersecurity threats, exploits, and vulnerabilities in new software bills of materials with artificial intelligence
Authors: Radanliev Petar , Santos Omar , Brandon-Jones Alistair
Published: August 2024

Integrating Capability-based Hierarchical Embedded RISC Instructions (CHERI) with the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Bill of Materials (AI BOMs) aims to enhance security and transparency in generative AI systems. With the increasing prevalence of AI and machine learning (ML), greater transparency and traceability are essential. This study introduces an analysis to explore how CHERI’s advanced security features can improve the reliability and transparency of AI BOMs, significantly contributing to the overall security of AI and ML technologies. The research employs a multi-faceted approach, combining theoretical analysis with practical evaluations. It begins with a comprehensive review of the existing literature on AI BOMs and CHERI, followed by an in-depth examination of cybersecurity threats, exploits, and vulnerabilities in new Software Bills of Materials (SBOMs). The study leverages AI methodologies, including data analysis techniques and AI-driven simulations, to assess the impact of integrating CHERI’s security features into AI BOMs. The study analyzes how CHERI and AI BOMs can enhance AI system security. The objectives include evaluating the role of AI BOMs in ensuring trust and quality in AI systems, assessing the efficacy of CHERI’s security features in mitigating cybersecurity threats, and identifying and analyzing cybersecurity threats, exploits, and vulnerabilities in SBOMs using AI techniques. The findings demonstrate that integrating CHERI with AI BOMs significantly enhances the security and transparency of AI systems. This integration helps identify and mitigate specific threats and vulnerabilities, improves trust and security in AI systems, and shows the potential of AI-driven methodologies in enhancing the security of SBOMs. By combining CHERI with AI BOMs, a promising pathway is established for creating more secure and transparent AI systems, addressing current cybersecurity challenges, and paving the way for future advancements in AI and ML technologies.
Female school principals in Arab communities
Authors: Greenberg Zeevik , Cohen Ayala
Published: August 2024

This article describes Arab women's choice of the teaching profession, their advancement to management positions, and their function as school principals in Arab Israeli society, which itself is in transition from a traditional to a modern society. We examined this process as it relates to the theoretical concepts of private and public spheres in the context of gender. The article is based on 22 in-depth interviews, from which it seems that Arab women's choice of the teaching profession was mostly a default, which allowed them to solve the dilemma between their desire for self-realization and society's demands upon them as women. It also teaches about the path forged by women school principals from the closed, traditional family sphere to the open and modern public sphere, which was previously open only to men. Their promotion to management positions drove them to be leaders of teams and educational processes, in addition to being social leaders in their communities.
In silico molecular docking, DFT, and toxicity studies of potential inhibitors derived from Millettia dielsiana against human inducible nitric oxide synthase
Authors: Trang Hoang Thi Tue , Xuan Ha Nguyen , Hong Le Cao , Nhung Truong Thi Thuy , Thi Truong Giang Dinh , Thi Diem Hang Nguyen , Thi Thuy Phan
Published: August 2024

Inducible nitric oxide synthase is known as a potential biological target that plays a crucial role in regulating the release of nitric oxide and is responsible for the amount of nitric oxide released during the inflammation process. Searching for compounds from natural sources that inhibit inducible nitric oxide synthase may reduce excessive nitric oxide production and counteract metabolic diseases originating from prolonged inflammation. One of the valuable medicinal plants with significant anti-inflammatory activity evaluated in this study is Millettia dielsiana. The current work focuses on the molecular docking analysis of compounds derived from Millettia dielsiana to identify potential candidates against the inducible nitric oxide synthase enzyme. As a result, four compounds (D10 (Tupichinol C), D20 (Durmillone), D46 (Glycitin), and D50 (5,7,4′-trihydroxyisoflavone 7- O-β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside) with the most potent inhibitory potential were identified with binding affinities less than −9.0 kcal mol−1. Moreover, toxicity predictions using the ProTox II web server indicated that these compounds exhibit low toxicity (Toxicity Class of 5). Compound D50 showed no activity in hepatotoxicity, carcinogenicity, immunotoxicity, mutagenicity, and cytotoxicity. Density functional theory was employed for molecular description, electronic properties, and chemical reactivity of the compounds. These findings provide a basis for further in-depth biological experiments in the future.
Eye tracking during a simulated start of shift safety check: An observational analysis of gaze behavior of critical care nurses
Authors: van der Geest Yael , Chau Ivan , Wendel-Garcia Pedro David , Buehler Philipp K , Hautz Wolf , Filipovic Miodrag , Hofmaenner Daniel A , Pietsch Urs
Published: August 2024

Background:

The handover and associated shift start checks by nurses of critical care patients are complex and prone to errors. However, which aspects lead to errors remains unknown. Fewer errors might occur in a structured approach. We hypothesized that specific gaze behavior during handover and shift start safety check correlates with error recognition.

Methods:

In our observational eye tracking study, we analyzed gaze behavior of critical care nurses during handover and shift start safety check in a simulation room with built-in errors. Four areas of interest (AOI) were pre-defined (patient, respirator, prescriptions, monitor). The primary outcome were different gaze metrics (time to first fixation, revisits, first visual intake duration, average visual intake duration, dwell time) on AOIs. Parameters were analyzed by taking all errors in account, and by dividing them into minor and critical.

Results:

Forty-three participants were included. All participants committed at least a minor error ( n = 43, 100%), at least one critical error occurred in 29 participants (67%). Taking all errors into account, longer time to first fixation and more revisits were associated with an increased risk of missing errors (Time to First Fixation: OR 1.099 (95% CI 1.023–1.191, p = 0.0002), Revisits: OR 1.080 (95% CI 1.025–1.143, p = 0.0055)).

Conclusion:

Error detection during shift start safety check was associated with distinct gaze behavior. Nurses who recognized more errors had a shorter time to first fixation and less revisits. These gaze characteristics might correspond to a more structured approach. Further research is necessary, for example by implementing a checklist, to reduce errors in the future and improve patient safety.
Sex-specific risk of heart failure and acute myocardial infarction associated with osimertinib in older patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Byun Joo-Young , Han Sola , Liu Yan , Park Chanhyun
Published: August 2024

Background:

The cardiovascular risk associated with the newer epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), osimertinib, in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is being reported. While more than half of patients with NSCLC are aged 65 or older, whether the cardiovascular risk increases in older patients treated with osimertinib compared to traditional EGFR-TKIs has not been clearly identified.

Objectives:

We aimed to identify the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in older patients treated with osimertinib and traditional EGFR-TKIs, stratifying by sex, age, and race/ethnicity.

Design:

A retrospective cohort study.

Methods:

Using the 2006–2019 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare, older patients with advanced NSCLC prescribed EGFR-TKIs were included. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of incident MACEs were calculated using Cox proportional hazard model.

Results:

Osimertinib had a significantly higher risk of heart failure (HF) [HR, 1.20 (95% CI, 1.01–1.42)] and a lower risk of angina [HR, 0.36 (95% CI, 0.20–0.64)] than first/second-generation EGFR-TKI. The risk of HF and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was significantly elevated in female [HR, 1.40 (95% CI, 1.13–1.73)] and male [HR, 1.98 (95% CI, 1.13–3.48)] subgroups, respectively, when used osimertinib than first/second-generation EGFR-TKIs. Within osimertinib users, the risk of HF was higher in patients aged ⩾75 ( versus aged 65–74) [HR, 1.71 (95% CI, 1.07–2.71)], White patients ( versus Asian/Pacific Islanders patients) [HR, 1.80 (95% CI, 1.04–3.12)]. The risk of AMI within osimertinib users was higher in White [HR, 3.23 (95% CI, 1.34–7.80)] and Black [HR, 5.63 (95% CI, 1.23–25.87)] than Asian/Pacific Islanders patients.

Conclusion:

Increased risk of HF was observed in patients who are female, White, and aged ⩾75 while male patients had a higher risk of AMI when treated with osimertinib than first/second-generation EGFR-TKIs. The in-depth examination of osimertinib-induced cardiotoxicity provides evidence for individualized cardiotoxicity surveillance, prevention, and treatment for osimertinib users.
Machine Learning–Driven Prediction of Comorbidities and Mortality in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Andersen Jonas Dahl , Stoltenberg Carsten Wridt , Jensen Morten Hasselstrøm , Vestergaard Peter , Hejlesen Ole , Hangaard Stine
Published: August 2024

Background:

Comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) are major burdens of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Predicting people at high risk of developing comorbidities would enable early intervention. This study aimed to develop models incorporating socioeconomic status (SES) to predict CVD, DKD, and mortality in adults with T1D to improve early identification of comorbidities.

Methods:

Nationwide Danish registry data were used. Logistic regression models were developed to predict the development of CVD, DKD, and mortality within five years of T1D diagnosis. Features included age, sex, personal income, and education. Performance was evaluated by five-fold cross-validation with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and the precision-recall area under the curve (PR-AUC). The importance of SES was assessed from feature importance plots.

Results:

Of the 6572 included adults (≥21 years) with T1D, 379 (6%) developed CVD, 668 (10%) developed DKD, and 921 (14%) died within the five-year follow-up. The AUROC (±SD) was 0.79 (±0.03) for CVD, 0.61 (±0.03) for DKD, and 0.87 (±0.01) for mortality. The PR-AUC was 0.18 (±0.01), 0.15 (±0.03), and 0.49 (±0.02), respectively. Based on feature importance plots, SES was the most important feature in the DKD model but had minimal impact on models for CVD and mortality.

Conclusions:

The developed models showed good performance for predicting CVD and mortality, suggesting they could help in the early identification of these outcomes in individuals with T1D. The importance of SES in individual prediction within diabetes remains uncertain.
Effect of Different Processes to Nutrient Profile of Dead Fresh Fish Carangoides armatus as Potential Protein-Rich Seafood
Authors: Aberoumand Ali , Nooradinvand Najmeh Ahmadi , Kouti Rania , Hyderi Fatemeh
Published: August 2024

Objective/background: Different processing methods can maintain quality and ensure access to fish throughout year. In Iran, fish can be major source of affordable dietary protein for human nutrition. Fish ( Carangoides armatus) locally known as Gish, is most preferred and highest value commercial food fish species obtained from southern Iran. Methods: This article examined impact of different processes on the physicochemical properties of fresh fish. Results: Highest and lowest values for crude protein reported in fish processed using high temperature short time (HTST) in autoclave (17.51%) and salting (8.47%), respectively ( P < .05), compared to (16.69%) for fresh fish (control). Fish processed with 20% salt concluded significantly higher crude fat content (69.45%) ( P < .05) followed by samples prepared using 10% salt (68.88%), while lowest value (9.12%) found for fish marinated T1. The results suggested that fish processed with HTST found higher nutritional quality principally due to relatively high content of most needed nutrient—protein. Adopting and encouraging use of autoclave could also be a way of saving energy. Fish components that affected by processes are proximate composition and energy. Conclusions: Changes in the physicochemical and nutritional factors of processed fish affect its final quality. Gish fish ( C armatus) caught from the southern regions of Iran had a high percentage of protein and fat, which has a good potential for the growth of children and to prevent stunting.
Interrogating “light but tight” model of education: Saffron neoliberalism and India's new education policy
Authors: Peerzada Raouf Ahmad , Sharma Amrita , Gurumurthy Achintya Anita , Gurumurthy Amulya Anita
Published: August 2024

Analyzing the trope of “light but tight” education frequently used in India's New Education Policy 2020, this paper examines the mutually reinforcing ideological connections between neoliberalism and neoconservatism in the state's latest vision for education. In the context of global economic crisis and pandemic-induced global indebtedness, it intensifies primitive accumulation of capital in all sectors including education via marketization, privatization, new public managerialism in education through teachers’ surveillance, and increased job insecurity and focuses on revision of curricula by introducing chauvinist ideas of India's neoconservative ideology engendered by Hindutva radicalism. Students as consumers and teachers as service providers decenter the progressive purpose of knowledge production by reorienting concerns of social justice into marketable commodities. This new reality is evinced in the rising cases of suicides among students from socially and economically oppressed sections, incarceration of student activists, erosion of socially inclusive admission policies, and criminalization of socially progressive thought.
The uses for fire data and satellite images in monitoring, detecting, and documenting collective political violence
Authors: Naghizadeh Mikael Hiberg
Published: August 2024

A recurring obstacle to scholarly inquiry into conflict is the lack of access to reliable data. The advent of innovative technologies and methods for remote data collection may alleviate this issue. This article introduces open-source satellite-gathered fire data as a tool for detecting unreported conflict events, and for improving the reliability of pre-existing conflict event data. To demonstrate this potential, I compare the distribution of fire data to conflict events in five oblasts in southeastern Ukraine and find that fire data can be a spatiotemporally accurate proxy for conventional warfare involving heavy use of artillery and aerial bombing. Examining the 2020–2022 Tigray War, I also demonstrate that fire data can be a powerful tool for uncovering unreported targeted violence involving arson in low information environments. Finally, I argue that fire data opens the door for new research by allowing conflict scholars to address data gaps and data reliability issues.