bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenge based learning: a real-world approach for secondary students to solve complex problems using geoscience knowledge and skills
Authors: Nicholls B.
Published: December 2018

Students are regularly confronted with ethical and environmental issues of a global, regional or local nature which require knowledge of the geosciences to solve. Having the skills to engage, explore and evaluate these problems enhances student’s capacity for creative, real-world problem solving. At the Australian Science and Mathematics School, a Challenge Based Learning approach has been used across a range of learning programs including those with a focus on geoscience. Challenge Based Learning in the context of this paper is defined as a method of teaching and learning which allows students to engage in learning goals through meaningful contexts. An unfamiliar ‘ill-structured’ problem is presented to the students by the teacher and the students are required to determine for themselves how they will go about solving the problem. This process occurs through small groups of students working collaboratively and allows sharing their prior knowledge, skills and understandings to identify gaps in their collective understanding as they attempt to offer solutions to the problem. The example chosen is based around a problem requiring significant time in the field where secondary students come to know and understand the problem in greater depth while developing scientific field investigation skills.
Conceptions of mountain formation, foulding, fault and the continental drift in geography textbooks between the decades of 1930 to 1960
Authors: Costa Danilo Mosca da , Souza Edson Roberto
Published: December 2018

The conceptions about the origins of mountains, faults, folds or relief are very different if we compare didactic books of Geog-raphy published before and after the elaboration of Plates Tectonics theory. In this article, it was analyzed didactic books from first grade education, which is currently equivalent to the 6th grade of Elementary School 2, published between 1933 until 1961. Obviously, within this article, Plate tectonics theory had not yet been elaborated. However, the academic world was already fa-miliar with the Continental Drift theory, an innovative proposal elaborated at the beginning of the 20th century by German sci-entist Alfred Wegener (1880-1930). According to Wegener, the continents were together millions of years ago, forming a single great mass, called by him of "Pangea". Considering that the books analyzed were published between 1933 and 1961, such works could be expected to contemplate and explain the continental drift theory. However, it was not what it was observed. In addition, the formation of mountains, folds, faults or relief had very different conceptions of what today's students learn.
The use of geological handmade models in the teaching of Geosciences
Authors: Horta Laura Frota Campos , Muniz Eduardo Silva , Assunção Pedro Henrique da Silva , Lima João Paulo , Friguetto Beatriz Saralha , Moreira Giovanna Custódio , Ferreira Paula Luiza Fraga
Published: December 2018

The Projeto de Educação Tutorial Engenharia Geológica (PET Engenharia Geológica) of UFOP (Federal University of Ouro Preto) is a student entity basically structured in the three pillars: extension activities, scientific research and education. Further, during extension/educational activities leaded by the group, it has always been a challenge to teach geological matters in a sim-ple way to student of secondary and high school levels. Therefore, the PET Engenharia Geológica decided to build a few mod-els to better illustrate some of the geological processes and explain what may not be so easily understood by the students. The first model made last year and consists of a geologic prototype of Serra de Ouro Preto, showing the topography and lithology aspects of its surface. Geologically, it is characterized by Archean and Paleoproterozoic rocks of Rio das Velhas Supergroup (Maquiné Group and Nova Lima Group), Minas Supergroup (Caraça, Itabira, Piracicaba and Sabará groups) and the lithologies of Itacolomi Group. It´s main structure signature is the occurrence of the Mariana´s Anticlinal and its topographic response. There were also completed a second prototype, a volcano model. The mentioned models was exposed it in two different educa-tion/academic events already in 2017 regarding very positive feedbacks as a result of the initiative. Now, the project aims to continue and follow the education track, aiming to help in the teaching of geosciences – in public high schools of Ouro Preto – with the handmade models.
Slope vulnerability, mass wasting and hydrological hazards in himalaya: a case study of Alaknanda Basin, Uttarakhand
Authors: Pandey Bindhy Wasini , Prasad Abhay Shankar
Published: December 2018

Himalayan geosystem is highly vulnerable and susceptible to various kinds of Geo-hydrological vulnerability. Anthropogenic activities are continuously disturbing the natural system and its impact on the hydrological behavior of river. The important factor causing a flood and also accelerate several hydrological hazards during monsoon periods are heavy rainfall, cloud burst, GLOF, landslides, Slope failure, deforestation, drainage congestion due to urbanization. The Geospatial technique has been used to find out the relief, slope distribution and landslide hazard zonation and secondary data is taken to carry the analysis work. Primary data from each hotspot has been collected through a questionnaire survey and a Participatory Research Approach (PRA) and Livelihood options, Institutional participation in adaptation policy design and implementation, food security and Empowerment parameters like health and education (LIFE) approach. Present research highlights that most of the slope cutting and construction of roads are parallel to course of rivers, consequently slopes and roads have become highly vulnerable to landslides. Landslides vulnerability is increasing at an alarming rate due to unplanned and uncontrolled construction and other types of tourism based infrastructural development. Alaknanda river basin is an in-route gateway to millions of pilgrimages and religious as well as nature tourism movements. Hence, encroachments of the river side’s and constructions of houses have increased the risk and vulnerability. Study also examines the possible ways to improve the living standards of the local community through ecotourism, sustainable development and disaster risk reduction techniques. This paper also provides various mitigation processes for the challenges faced in the Alaknanda river basin, Uttarakhand and attempts to formulate sustainable development strategy for the development of Alaknanda river basin.
A importância dos condutores de visitantes na divulgação das Geociências em unidades de conservação
Authors: Boggiani Paulo C.
Published: December 2018

O crescente interesse pelo ecoturismo levou ao aumento no número de visitas a parques nacionais e estaduais, o que implicou na necessidade de organização dessa atividade. Pessoas locais, por conhecerem os lugares e trilhas, começaram a ser solicitadas para conduzir os visitantes. Com aumento progressivo dessa relação com os turistas, este profissional passou a ser formalmente reconhecido pelas instituições responsáveis pelas unidades de conservação, as quais passaram a cadastrar os condutores, e exigir sua formação através de cursos e treinamentos. Um dos temas abordados nos cursos de formação de condutor é as Geociências e se tem, através desses cursos, uma excelente oportunidade de divulgação dessa área. A correta formação dos condutores em Geociências possibilita a esses profissionais terem uma visão sistêmica da área de trabalho, o que se reflete na qualidade do serviço oferecido ao visitante ao mostrar a evolução geológica da região e como ela se relaciona com a biota e questões históricas e sócio culturais. Os cursos em Geociências devem apresentar o mínimo de 40 horas de aulas, teóricas, práticas e atividades de campo na região, com abordagem sistêmica do funcionamento do Planeta Terra, onde se procura mostrar a relação entre os processos da dinâmica interna com os da dinâmica externa, através da Tectônica Global e explanação dos processos formadores de rochas, com atividades práticas. O Tempo Geológico deve ser apresentado, junto aos conceitos de Paleontologia, de tal forma que o condutor se encontre preparado a apresentar sua versão pessoal da história geológica da região onde vai trabalhar. Ao instruir ainda os condutores com os resultados de pesquisas geológicas realizadas na região, estes se tornam os melhores divulgadores e propagadores das informações disponíveis tendo, assim, papel preponderante na divulgação das Geociências.
GAMBARAN PENGGUNAAN INTERNET DALAM MENCARI INFORMASI KESEHATAN PADA SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA (SMP) X
Authors: Nur Luthfiana
Published: December 2018

Remaja merupakan masa peralihan, dimana anak akan mengalami banyak sekali perubahan dalam dirinya baik secara fisik, psikologi dan perubahan lainnya. Perubahan tersebut akan menimbulkan berbagai permasalahan dalam hidupnya. Remaja dengan karakteristiknya, beberapa diantaranya adalah rasa ingin tau yang tinggi, rasa penasaran yang berlebihan, suka mencoba berbagai hal. Semua karakteristik tersebut memiliki tujuan, yaitu pencarian jati diri. Jaman semakin berkembang dibarengi dengan berkembangnya teknologi yang dapat membantu kehidpun manusia, termasuk remaja. Internet salah satunya, internet merupakan salah satu jaringan yang dapat membantu kita untuk mendapatkan segala infomasi. Adanya internet dapat bermanfaat bagi remaja, namun juga dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif yang besar bagi kehidupan mereka. Internet memberikan limpahan manfaat bagi remaja, termasuk untuk meningkatkan derajat kesehatan mereka. Namun anyak berita hoaKanzul Ulum tersebar di internet, hal inilah yang mengancam remaja terhadap informasi yang tidak benar. Maka penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui gambaran pemakaian internet terhadap pencarian informasi kesehatan di SMP KANZUL ULUM. Pengambilan sampel dalam penelitain ini adalah total sampling. Hasil penelitian ini adalah Guru memperoleh presentase 27,0% atau 17 responden sebagai informan pertama mengenai internet. Tidak semua responden memiliki media untuk berinternet, hal ini ditunjukkan oleh hasil penelitian dengan angka 28 (44,4) responden yang tidak memiliki media untuk berinternet. smartphone merupakan media utaman yang responden pilih untuk berinternet dengan angka 28 (36,5). Kebanyakan dari mereka memilih mencari informasi sebagai tujuan utama berinternet dengan angka 23 responden atau sama dengan 36,5%. materi informasi yang sering dicari oleh responden adalah informasi pendidikan dengan angka 27 (42,9%). Terdapat 43 responden yang mengaku pernah memanfaatkan internet untuk mencari informasi kesehatan. Banyak responden menganggap bahwa informasi kesehatan di internet tidak dapat membantu mereka, pilihan jawaban ini memiliki angka 33 (52,4%). Respon yang sering responde lakukan setelah mendapatkan informasi kesehatan dari inetrnet adalah membagikan informasi tersebut kepada teman dengan angka 19 (30,2). Pada penelitian ini dapat disimulkan bahwa remaja dengan kemudahan aksesnya mencari informasi, khususnya perihal kesehatan tentu harus di awasi oleh orang yang lebi mengerti dan lebih bisa menyaring informasi. Sehingga remaja tidak cenderung mengambil informasi hoaKanzul Ulum yang tersebar di internet, dan tidak menyebarkan informasi tersebut kepada teman.
HUBUNGAN FAKTOR PREDISPOSISI DENGAN KEBERADAAN JENTIK NYAMUK AEDES AEGYPTI
Authors: Utami Riska Wahyuningtias
Published: December 2018

Abstrak: Angka kejadian penyakit demam berdarah di Indonesia masih belum dapat ditiadakan. Banyak usaha yang telah dilakukan untuk menurunkan angka kasus penyakit demam berdarah, salah satunya adalah program bumantik yang dilakukan di Kota Surabaya. Terdapat banyak faktor yang dapat menyebabkan keberhasilan program tersebut diantaranya adalah perilaku individu. Beberapa faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi perilaku individu adalah faktor predisposisi, faktor pemungkin dan faktor pendorong. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan faktor predisposisi dengan keberadaan jentik nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Terdapat dua jenis variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu variabel dependen dan independen. Variabel independen yang digunakan adalah jenis kelamin, umur, pendidikan, pendapatan, pengetahuan tentang DBD, sikap terhadap penggunaan bubuk abate, sikap terhadap tindakan pengurasan bak mandi dan sikap terhadap tindakan 3M sedangkan variabel indepen yang digunakan adalah keberadan jentik nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancang bangun cross sectional kemudian akan dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square. Penelitian ini dilakukan di RW VI, Kelurahan Rangkahm Kecamatan Tambaksari, Kota Surabaya. Besarnya sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sejumlah 211 orang dimana didapatkan melalui metode Simple Random Sampling. Data diperoleh berdasarkan hasil observasi, kuesioner dan wawancara mendalam. Hasil uji chi-square menunjukkan bahwa nilai p-value variabel < 0.05 sehingga menunjukkan bahwa variabel tersebut memiliki hubungan dengan keberadaan jentik nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut variabel yang terdapat hubungan adalah umur, pendapatan, pengetahuan tentang DBD, sikap terhadap penggunaan bubuk abate dan sikap terhadap pengurasan bak mandi.
Relationship between Water-Permeability Coefficient and Pore-Structure Indicators of Cementitious Materials
Authors: Sakai Yuya
Published: December 2018

To understand the relationship between water permeability and the pore structure of cementitious materials, literature that studied both water permeability and the pore structure are reviewed, and their correlation is studied. Although the majority of this data is for cement paste, mortar, concrete, and cemented soil are also included. Based on this study, it is established the determination coefficient between water permeability and the total pore volume is very low; however, those between water permeability and the critical, threshold, and median pore diameters, respectively, are moderate. On the other hand, the threshold pore diameter, derived based on the percolation theory, exhibits a very high determination coefficient. The calculated water permeability, using the Katz and Thompson equation, agrees with the reported water permeability quantitatively to a certain level, but is overestimated.
Prognostication of Epizootiologic Activity of Plague Natural Foci in the Russian Federation for 2009
Authors: Popov N. V. , Bezsmertny V. E. , Toporkov V. P. , Ivanova S. M. , Popov V. P. , Udovikov A. I. , Shilova L. D. , Kutyrev V. V.
Published: December 2018

A short-term prognosis of plague epizootic activity in 11 natural foci in the Russian Federation for 2009 is substantiated by the authors. The present situation with the numbers of the main carriers and vectors of plague infection in diverse types of natural foci was analyzed. Some modern tendencies were noted in the dynamics of epizootic activity of the natural plague foci varying in their biocenotic structures.
System of Environmental Protection from Bacterial Aerosols in Propagators for Microorganisms Cultivation
Authors: Samygin V.M. , Grishkina T.A. , Zhoga L.K. , Alexandrov A.Yu. , Redkozubov S.V. , Tkhi Ngok Min Nguen
Published: December 2018

Presented is propagator equipped with environmental protection system against fermentation releases. The unit supplied with vacuum pump, airproof pipeline valves and a series of sequentially connected tanks with disinfectant solutions is placed in a safety box. Shown are the experimental data on comparative evaluation of inactivation properties of authorized decontamination materials as for bacterial aerosols at submerged cultivation of germs.
Optimization of Epidemic Survey and Epizootics Prognostication in Kyzylkum Autonomous Plague Focus in Modern Conditions within Uzbekistan
Authors: Bazarova G. R. , Nematov A. S. , Husanov O. A. , Ahmadbek Kizi S. .
Published: December 2018

Kyzylkum autonomous plague focus, the large part of which is situated on the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan, has always been distinguished as regards periodic development of acute extended epizootics and occurrence of epidemic complications. Epidemic survey includes the wide reconnaissance with visual evaluation of epizootiological factors and material collection out of fresh pellets for serological analysis. In case of discovery of carriers carcasses, suspected as plague infected, the collection of samples into spiritus in view of their further PCR analysis is carried out.
Post-Event Analysis of Imported Cholera Cases in Beloretsk, the Republic of Bashkortostan, in 2008
Authors: Toporkov V. P. , Kologorov A. I. , Ossina N. A. , Bugorkova T. V. , Scherbakova S. A. , Portenko S. A. , Kuchimova N. A. , Mavlyutov O. M. , Pharvazova L. A. , Gallyamov R. G. , Ivanova I. A. , Korobov L. I. , Sysa A. M. , Korotkova Yu. A.
Published: December 2018

The detailed description of imported cholera cases in Beloretshk, the Republic of Bashkortostan, in 2008 is presented. The cases were associated with pilgrimage in India. The similar case of cholera importation was registered in Beloretsk in 2004. Special attention should be paid to the persons returned from religious trips to India as their long stay in cholera endemic country increases the risk of infection. Should there appear gastrointestinal diseases in persons returned from cholera-endemic countries it is advisable to carry out their examination on cholera using bacteriological and serological methods.
Development of Nutrient Media out of Vegetable Material for Culturing Particularly Dangerous Infections Agents
Authors: Kurilova A. A. , Taran T. V. , Katunina L. S. , Golovneva S. I.
Published: December 2018

5 experimental nutritious bases were prepared out of plant materials (soybeans, soymilk, sugar-beet molasses - sugar syrup), and their physical and chemical parameters and amino-acid composition were studied. Nutrient media developed on experimental basis met the nutritious demands of studied strains of plague, cholera, anthrax microbes and sporogenous saprophytes.
Normative Provision of Biosafety of the Specialized Anti-Epidemic Teams Functioning
Authors: Pchelintseva M. V. , Lyapin M. N.
Published: December 2018

Analyzed were normative and methodical documents which were in force at different stages determined as regards current tasks, staff schedule and the equipment table of the specialized anti-epidemic teams (SAET). Substantiated was the necessity to develop the new regulatory document, comprising requirements of biosafety provision of the specialized anti-epidemic teams functioning. Determined was the way of further improvement of normative and methodical provision of biosafety under conditions of practical realization of the conception of SAET modernization. It included the development of the set of regulatory documents specifying the fulfillment of the main provisions of the Standing Оrder and elaboration of management system based on risk analysis.
The Efficiency of Some Disinfectants in Decontamination of Surfaces and Items of Medical Purpose Contaminated with Potentially Dangerous Biological Agents of Bacterial Nature of A Category
Authors: Spiridonov V. A. , Andrus V. N. , Elizarov V. V.
Published: December 2018

Studied was the efficiency of oxy- and chloride-containing preparations and QAC based compositions in disinfecting of surfaces and medical purpose items contaminated by the agents of plague, tularemia and anthrax. The investigated preparations were proposed to be included in the list of disinfectants, used for disinfection of objects, contaminated with biological agents of bacterial nature of A category.
Development of Mobile Indication Laboratory for Carrying out the Epizootiological Monitoring of Natural-Focal and Other Dangerous Infectious Diseases
Authors: Sharova I. N. , Karnaukhov I. G. , Kazakova E. S. , Scherbakov D. A. , Pchelintseva M. V. , Chekashov V. N. , Porshakov A. M. , Glazkov A. N. , Scherbakova S. A. , Toporkov A. V. , Kutyrev V. V.
Published: December 2018

Determined and substantiated were the main characteristics of mobile indication laboratory in view of carrying out epizootiologic monitoring of natural-focal and other dangerous infectious diseases (functional capabilities, type of basic means of transport, production capacity, technical staff, proposed biosafety level and independence degree).
Prognosis of Epizootic Activity of Natural Plague Foci in the Russian Federation for the Year of 2010
Authors: Popov N. V. , Bezsmertny V. E. , Toporkov V. P. , Ivanova S. M. , Udovikov A. I. , Kuznetsov A. A. , Knyazeva T. V. , Shilova L. D. , Kutyrev V. V.
Published: December 2018

Short-term prognosis of epizootic activity of 11 natural plague foci in Russia for 2010 is substantiated. The analysis of the main plague carries and vectors abundance in natural foci of different types was carried out. Determined were the modern tendencies of the dynamics of epizootic activity of natural plague foci with different biocenotic structure.
Combined Natural Foci of Bacterial, Rickettsial and Viral Infectious Diseases in the North-West Precaspian Region
Authors: Popov N. V. , Kouklev E. V. , Toporkov V. P. , Adamov A. K. , Scherbakova S. A. , Maletskaya O. V. , Kovtunov A. I. , Yashkulov K. B. , Kabin V. V. , Podsvirov A. V. , Kologorov A. I. , Kuznetsov A. A. , Matrosov A. N. , Knyazeva T. V. , Grigoryev M. P. , Sandzhiev V. B. , Ossipov V. P. , Piskunova N. V. , Sangadzhieva G. V.
Published: December 2018

Presence of combined natural foci of plague, tularemia, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, West-Nile encephalitis, Astrakhan spotted fever in the North-West Precaspian region was substantiated. Influence of anthropogenic and climatic conditions in formation of combined natural foci of infectious diseases of bacterial, rickettsial and viral etiology was pointed out. Up-to-date potential epidemic danger of the territories under consideration was evaluated.
Sanitary Protection of the Territory from Importation and Spread of Particularly Dangerous Infections. Communication 6. Argentine and Bolivian Hemorrhagic Fevers
Authors: Melnikova O. V. , Titenko A. M. , Andaev E. I.
Published: December 2018

Presented are the results of examination of Argentine and Bolivian hemorrhagic fevers in accordance with previously proposed categories, signs and criteria of particularly dangerous viral infections (PDVI), actual for sanitary protection of the territory. Argentine and Bolivian hemorrhagic fevers are contagious PDVI of pathogenicity group I, capable of epidemic spread. Anti-epidemic measures are necessary in case of Argentine and Bolivian hemorrhagic fevers importation onto non-endemic territory to prevent the epidemiologic complications.
The Epidemiologic Features of Acute Hepatitis B in the Saratov Region in Modern Conditions
Authors: Kouklev E. V. , Pichugina L. M. , Kologorov A. I. , Danilov A. N. , Kozhanova O. I.
Published: December 2018

Presented are the results of long-term investigations which enabled to identify the principal regularities of epidemiologic process of acute hepatitis B in modern social and economical conditions in the Saratov region. The reasons of significant morbidity decrease and the routes of infection transmission are shown. The region is differentiated as regards hepatitis B and the high priority measures on prevention of this disease are identified.
The Epizootiological and Epidemiologic Situation on Brucellosis in the Southern Federal District of the Russian Federation in 2006-2009
Authors: Lyamkin G. I. , Tikhenko N. I. , Manin E. A. , Vilinskaya S. V. , Golovneva S. I. , Rusanova D. V.
Published: December 2018

Presented is the analysis of dynamics of brucellosis morbidity in people and animals. Evaluation of epizootiological and epidemiological situation on brucellosis in the Southern federal district of the Russian Federation for 2006-2009 is given. It is shown that unfavorable epidemic situation on brucellosis persists in the number of regions of the Southern federal district of RF that gives the basis to predict the preservation of morbidity at a high level.
The Experience of Specialized Teams Training in the Republic of Mordovia
Authors: Kochetov E. N. , Bogacheva A. I. , Andrushchenko Yu. V.
Published: December 2018

Described are the First Republican competitions of the teams of epidemiological reconnaissance carried out on the basis of Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Republic of Mordovia.
Characteristic of Сells' Reaction of APUD-System of Guinea Pigs as Marker of Adaptive-Compensatory Processes under Aerogenic Immunization against Plague
Authors: Bugorkova S. A. , Zadumina S. Yu. , Piontkovskiy S. A. , Bugorkova T. V. , Samoylova L. V.
Published: December 2018

Carried out was morphometric analysis of cells' reaction of APUD system (neuroendocrinal cells) of guinea pigs immunized with live plague vaccine by aerogenic method. The results of investigations were compared with characteristics of the state of biomodel's internal organs. Elucidated was that the changes of morphofunctional state of neuroendocrinal cells in lungs and organs of immunity were of phase character suggesting the involvement of APUD system elements in the inhalant method of antigenic material intake. Assessment of APUD-system cell's reaction enables to estimate indirectly the nature of adaptive and compensatory processes in biomodel in the course of anti-plague vaccination.
Determination of the Molecular Parameters of Heterologous Anti-Rabies Immunoglobulin Using Gel-Filtration
Authors: Abramova E. G. , Nikiforov A. K. , Kireev M. N. , Kochkalova N. N. , Generalov S. V. , Selezneva A. G. , Savitskaya L. V. , Ivanov Yu. V.
Published: December 2018

Presented are the data of analysis of molecular parameters of heterologous immunoglobulin produced by the Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute "Microbe". It is noted that the optimal system of rectification enables to obtain a preparation composed of 100 % fraction of monomers. The fraction of fragments appears in the process of immunoglobulin storage, however its content is insignificant. The fraction of aggregates is not registered at the date of preparation delivery nor after its storage during 5 years. Lyophilized preparation is determined to be advantageous in comparison with the liquid one as regards molecular parameters integrity.
Predicting Risk of European Corn Borer Infestation in Sweet Corn Based on Harvest Date
Authors: Spangler Steve M. , Calvin Dennis D. , Russo Joe , Schlegel Jay
Published: December 2018

Infestation of sweet corn (Zea mays) at harvest by european corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) was examined in 16 hybrid/harvest date combinations from 1994 through 1996 in central Pennsylvania. Two general periods of sweet corn ear infestation levels were observed. Infestations, expressed as proportion of ears infested, were 0.11 (11%) or lower in 10 of 11 plots harvested from 21 July to 23 Aug., whereas they were noticeably higher (30%–88%) in September and early October. Infestations expressed as larvae per ear showed the same temporal pattern. A nonlinear (sigmoidal) relationship was found between degree-days from 1 Jan. and proportion of ears infested. The higher infestations were caused by the second-generation larvae of the bivoltine ecotype. Based on these relationships, a risk-prediction system is proposed that anticipates, at planting, harvest infestation by using predicted harvest dates of sweet corn, european corn borer life stages, and infestation levels. Examples are presented for multiple plantings and hybrids for a specific site and a landscape (Pennsylvania). The risk prediction system we propose will allow growers to anticipate the risk of ear infestations at planting time, thus providing predictions that would help with management decisions.
Methyl Bromide Alternatives for High Tunnel Strawberry Production in Southern Spain
Authors: López-Aranda José M. , Miranda Luis , Medina Juan J. , Soria Carmen , de los Santos Berta , Romero Fernando , Pérez-Jiménez Rosa M. , Talavera Miguel , Fennimore Steve A. , Santos Bielinski M.
Published: December 2018

Field trials were conducted in two locations in Spain to determine the effect of methyl bromide (MBr) alternatives on soilborne diseases and nematodes, and strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) yields under high-tunnel conditions. Fumigant treatments were applied to the same plots each year. Treatments were MBr + chloropicrin (Pic) (50:50, v/v) at a rate of 400 kg·ha−1; 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) + Pic (65:35, v/v) at 300 kg·ha−1; Pic at 300 kg·ha−1; dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) + Pic (50:50, v/v) at 500 kg·ha−1; propylene oxide at 550 kg·ha−1; dazomet at 400 kg·ha−1; and calcium cyanamide (Ca-cyanamide) at 700 kg·ha−1. A nontreated control was also included. Fumigation with MBr + Pic, 1,3-D + Pic, Pic, and DMDS + Pic consistently improved early and total marketable strawberry yields in both locations. This response was caused by successful soilborne fungus and nematode control, improving strawberry growth and development, which resulted in increased plant canopy diameters and higher strawberry early and total yield.
Integrated Pest Management and Biological Control in High Tunnel Production
Authors: Pottorff Laura Pickett , Panter Karen L.
Published: December 2018

Crops grown in high tunnels are just as susceptible to pests and diseases as those grown under greenhouse and field conditions. Crops that lend themselves economically to this type of production system are edible and/or minor crops. Therefore, labeled pesticides for these crops are limited and sometimes nonexistent. However, there is a wide range of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies available to high tunnel producers. These strategies include biological control, which is often left out of traditional IPM programs when labeled pesticides are available. High tunnel production is very conducive to the inclusion of biological controls and allows for a truly IPM system. This article provides a selective overview of common arthropod pests and diseases encountered in high tunnels, as well as strategies that have potential for becoming best management practices in high tunnels with additional research.
Flower and Seed Production of Norway Maple Cultivars
Authors: Conklin Janine R. , Sellmer James C.
Published: December 2018

Mature specimens of the norway maple (Acer platanoides) and cultivars Columnare, Crimson King, Emerald Queen, Faasen's Black, Globosum, and Rubrum were evaluated over a 3-year period to determine flower and seed production and to understand their invasive potential using seed yields. Flower and seed yield data were collected each year and were used to estimate whether differences existed among cultivars and if variation in these traits occurred from year to year. For this study, it was observed that norway maple cultivars differed in annual flower and seed yield and that production varied from year to year. ‘Columnare’, ‘Emerald Queen’, and the species produced many seeds, which suggest that these plants may be problematic in landscapes that adjoin natural areas. In contrast, ‘Crimson King’, ‘Globosum’, ‘Faasen's Black’, and ‘Rubrum’ were relatively low in seed yield, which make them suitable alternatives for landscape use where invasiveness is a concern to surrounding communities.
Preplant Fungicide Dips of Strawberry Transplants to Control Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum acutatum in California
Authors: Daugovish Oleg , Su Hai , Gubler W. Douglas
Published: December 2018

Bare-root daughter plants of strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) were inoculated with Colletotrichum acutatum, the cause of crown rot, root rot, and fruit rot of strawberry in California. Plants were subsequently dipped in fungicide solutions or washed with running tap water immediately before planting in Summer and Fall 2002 and Fall 2004. Fungicide treatments reduced plant dieback by up to 92% in fruit production fields. Plants treated with azoxystrobin, the premixtures of boscalid + pyraclostrobin and cyprodinil + fludioxonil had 50% to 92% reduction in disease incidence, increased canopy size by more than 100%, and produced significantly higher marketable yields in all planting dates than the inoculated plants that were not treated with the fungicides. Chlorothalonil and captan also significantly reduced disease incidence but did not consistently increase marketable yield compared with the untreated, inoculated control. The effects of propiconazole and trifloxystrobin were inconsistent in reducing disease incidence. Water wash did not reduce root and crown disease incidence but significantly increased marketable yields by 13% over the untreated, inoculated controls in one of two plantings. No pretransplant treatments provided protection against fruit and foliar infection; thus, in-season fungicide applications would be necessary for disease control in commercial production fields if environmental conditions favored disease development.
Effects of Fertilization and Microbial Inoculants Applied at Transplanting on the Growth of Mexican Fan Palm and Queen Palm
Authors: Broschat Timothy K. , Elliott Monica L.
Published: December 2018

Container-grown mexican fan palm (Washingtonia robusta) and queen palm (Syagrus romanzoffiana) transplanted into a field nursery having phosphorus (P)-sufficient and P-deficient soils were treated at the time of planting with four commercial microbial inoculants (each containing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, alone or with other microbial components or fertilizers), two fertilizers, or nothing (control). All but the control palms received applications of an 8N–0.9P–10K palm fertilizer every 3 months for 2 years. None of the treatments improved growth over the control in the P-deficient soil. In the P-sufficient soil, none of the microbial inoculants improved growth over that of similarly fertilized noninoculated palms. Discrepancies were observed regarding nonmycorrhizal fungi and bacteria present in the microbial inoculant products. The type and quantity of these microbes listed on the labels of the microbial inoculant products did not necessarily match the type and quantity actually detected in the products.
Alternative Management of Roadside Vegetation
Authors: Barker Allen V. , Prostak Randall G.
Published: December 2018

Management of vegetation is an important element of roadside maintenance for safety and aesthetics. Current methods of management by highway departments principally involve mowing and the use of conventional, chemical herbicides. This research addressed use of herbicides (citric acid, clove oil, corn gluten meal, and pelargonic acid) that are considered as alternatives to conventional herbicides and the use of mechanical treatments of woodchip and bark mulches and burning. These alternative methods were compared with the use of conventional herbicides to assess the relative efficacy of treatments on roadside sites. A single application of pelargonic acid demonstrated immediate or short-term suppression of growth of vegetation; however, the efficacy lasted for no more than 6 weeks, after which regrowth was not distinguishable from untreated vegetation. Repeated applications of pelargonic acid will be necessary for season-long efficacy. Formulations of citric-acetic acid gave no control or only weak suppression of vegetative growth soon after application, and no suppression was evident after 6 weeks, suggesting that these materials have only limited use in roadside environments. The effects of burning lasted for about 6 weeks. No suppression of growth of roadside vegetation occurred with the use of corn gluten meal, which acted as a nitrogen fertilizer to promote growth. Mulches of bark or woodchips were strongly suppressive against emerging vegetation for 2 years, but were more effective in the first year than in the second year after application. The costs of materials and labor for the alternative practices were substantially more than for the conventional herbicides used in this study.
The Effect of Time of Sweetpotato Whitefly Infestation on Plant Nutrition and Development of Tomato Irregular Ripening Disorder
Authors: McKenzie Cindy L. , Albano Joseph P.
Published: December 2018

Tomato irregular ripening (TIR) disorder is associated with sweetpotato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) biotype B feeding and is characterized by incomplete ripening of longitudinal sections of fruit. Our objective was to determine the effect of time of sweetpotato whitefly infestation on plant nutrition and the development of TIR disorder. Healthy tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum ‘Florida Lanai’) were introduced to sweetpotato whitefly infestations at different developmental stages of plant growth: 1) five to seven true leaves, 2) flower, 3) green fruit, and 4) breaking red fruit and were compared with noninfested control plants of the same age. Plants were fertilized every 7 to 14 days. Plant nutrition was monitored over time between the noninfested control and the longest infestation interval (five to seven true leaves) and between all infestation intervals at harvest. Sweetpotato whitefly (egg, nymph, and adult) and plant parameters (height, canopy diameter, number of leaves, flowers, and fruit per plant) were taken every 7 to 14 days after sweetpotato whitefly infestation. Almost all of the fruit (99%) produced by tomato plants infested with sweetpotato whitefly at stages 1 and 2 (78 and 56 days of sweetpotato whitefly exposure, respectively) developed TIR with fruit exhibiting internal and external symptoms. Plants infested at stage 3 (35 days of sweetpotato whitefly exposure) had 79% to 80% of the fruit develop TIR. Surprisingly, 58% of fruit from plants infested at stage 4 (14 days of sweetpotato whitefly exposure) also developed the disorder, indicating that tomatoes may need to be protected from sweetpotato whitefly until harvest to avoid this disorder. Seed germination was unaffected by TIR. Plants infested with sweetpotato whitefly had mean foliar levels of calcium, copper, iron, phosphorous, potassium, magnesium, manganese, and zinc that were greater than in noninfested control plants at final harvest for both studies, regardless of time of infestation.
Evaluation of Acetolactate Synthase-inhibiting Herbicides for Weed Control in Transplanted Bell Pepper
Authors: Armel Gregory R. , Richardson Robert J. , Wilson Henry P. , Trader Brian W. , Whaley Cory M. , Hines Thomas E.
Published: December 2018

Field and greenhouse studies were conducted in 2001 and 2002 near Painter, VA, to determine the level of weed control and pepper (Capsicum annuum) tolerance to postemergence applications of the acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors trifloxysulfuron, halosulfuron, sulfosulfuron, cloransulam, and tribenuron. Based on measurements of visual injury, heights, dry weights, and chlorophyll content of pepper, the safest ALS inhibitor to pepper was trifloxysulfuron followed by halosulfuron, cloransulam, sulfosulfuron, and tribenuron. In addition, trifloxysulfuron was the only herbicide that provided greater than 86% control of pigweed species (Amaranthus spp.) and carpetweed (Mollugo verticillata) in both years of the field study. Trifloxysulfuron was also the only herbicide evaluated that did not reduce pepper yield compared with the control in both years of the field study.
Evaluation of Growth, Flowering, and Cold Hardiness of Ceanothus in Western Oregon
Authors: Bell Neil C.
Published: December 2018

Thirty-eight species, cultivars, and hybrid selections of ceanothus (Ceanothus spp.) were evaluated for growth, flowering, and cold hardiness in a landscape trial in Silverton, OR, from 2001 to 2005. Plants were only irrigated for establishment in Summer 2001 and were not pruned or fertilized throughout the trial. Several cultivars showed dieback and leaf damage after 22 °F cold events in late October and early Nov. 2002 and 2003, the most severely affected of which were Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. griseus, C. thyrsiflorus var. griseus ‘Yankee Point’, Ceanothus hearstiorum, and C. thyrsiflorus ‘Snowflurry’. Among the cultivars evaluated, those recommended for early bloom are ‘Ray Hartman’ and ‘Blue Jeans’. Several cultivars are effective drought-tolerant groundcovers, including ‘Wheeler Canyon’, ‘Joyce Coulter’, and ‘Joan Mirov’. Among the smaller-growing plants, Ceanothus cuneatus var. rigidus ‘Snowball’ and Ceanothus gloriosus ‘Heart's Desire’ made effective groundcovers only 0.6 and 0.2 m tall, respectively.
Yields of Organically Grown Sweet Pepper Cultivars and Lines during the Hot-wet and Cool-dry Season in the Tropics
Authors: Juroszek Peter , Tsai Hsing-Hua
Published: December 2018

Organic production is considered by many researchers to be a viable alternative to conventional farming systems. Equivalent yields already have been demonstrated in several studies. The major objective of our study was to collect data on total and marketable fruit yields of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) under organic farming conditions in the tropics. Experiments were conducted during the hot-wet season from 7 Mar. 2007 to 30 July 2007 and during the cool-dry season from 27 Nov. 2007 to 7 Apr. 2008. The six experimental entries included four commercial F1 hybrids and two genotypes bred at AVRDC–The World Vegetable Center (Shanhua, Taiwan). During the hot-wet season, high total (44.6–55.7 t·ha−1) and marketable yields (36.9–45.6 t·ha−1) were achieved under organic farming conditions in the open field similar to yields of conventionally produced sweet pepper in previous field experiments at AVRDC. The total yield of the commercial cultivars Queen Star and Hercules exceeded 50 t·ha−1; however, this was not significantly different compared with the other trial entries. During the cool-dry season, the total (25.4–45.7 t·ha−1) and marketable yields (21.1–37.8 t·ha−1) of all trial entries were reduced, probably because the relatively late planting date in November and relatively low air temperature resulted in reduced fruit set. The commercial cultivars Andalus and Green Bell Improved realized in both seasons a total fruit yield of more than 40.0 t·ha−1, suggesting that these can be grown successfully in hot-wet and cool-dry seasons. The relatively high yields of sweet pepper achieved on-station under tropical climatic conditions may encourage farmers and agricultural stakeholders to consider organic farming approaches as a viable alternative to conventional farming systems.
Fungicide Seed Treatment Effects on Seed-borne Ascochyta rabiei in Chickpea
Authors: Wise Kiersten A. , Henson Robert A. , Bradley Carl A.
Published: December 2018

A chickpea (Cicer arietinum) seedlot, naturally infected with Ascochyta rabiei, was sorted into two lots of asymptomatic and symptomatic, based on visual symptoms observed. A laboratory assay showed 16% A. rabiei infection in asymptomatic seeds, while symptomatic seeds had 73% infection. Asymptomatic and symptomatic seeds were treated with different fungicides to determine their effects on seedling emergence from soil and on ascochyta blight development in seedlings grown in a growth chamber and in the field at Fargo and Carrington, ND, in 2006. The emergence of seedlings grown from asymptomatic seeds was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) greater than the emergence of seedlings grown from symptomatic seeds in the growth chamber and field trials. Fungicides were able to increase plant emergence from symptomatic seeds when compared with a control in the growth chamber trials. In the growth chamber trials, the treatment with a mixture of metalaxyl + thiabendazole + ipconazole + azoxystrobin was the most effective at slowing the development of disease on plants from symptomatic seeds. This research reinforces the importance of seed health testing and fungicide seed treatments as part of an ascochyta blight management program.
Brushing Using a Hand Coated with Body Lotion or in a Latex Glove Decreases African Violet Plant Quality and Size
Authors: Brotton Julia C. , Cole Janet C.
Published: December 2018

Plants of two cultivars of african violet (Saintpaulia ionantha), ‘Michigan’ and ‘Gisela’, were brushed for 30 or 90 seconds three times per week for 5 weeks with a gloved or nongloved hand to which body lotion had been applied. ‘Michigan’ damage rating and size was more affected by brushing than was ‘Gisela’. Brushing generally increased the damage rating and decreased plant size compared with not brushing. Plants brushed with a gloved hand had lower damage ratings and were larger than those brushed with a nongloved, lotioned hand. Plants brushed for 30 seconds had lower damage ratings and were generally larger than those brushed for 90 seconds. Brushing leaves of african violets, particularly with a hand to which body lotion has been applied, is not recommended because repeated brushing can decrease plant quality and size.
Effect of Seed Treatment, In-furrow, and Foliar Application of Insecticides on the Carrot Weevil in Processing Carrot
Authors: Bonham Melissa , Ghidiu Gerald M. , Hitchner Erin , Rossell Elwood L.
Published: December 2018

Field studies were conducted in 2004 and 2005 to determine the effectiveness of a seed treatment, an in-furrow treatment, and foliar applications of insecticides for control of the carrot weevil [Listronotus oregonensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)] in processing carrot (Daucus carota). Carrot seed treated with fipronil resulted in significantly less root damage at harvest then did the in-furrow application of thiamethoxam or multiple foliar applications of diazinon or spinosad in both years, and resulted in significantly higher yields compared with all other treatments in 2004. Seed treatments with fipronil should be considered for future registration on carrot. Such registration would allow early to midseason protection of carrot from weevil damage and compliment the current management program of foliar sprays to control adult weevils.
Irrigation Scheduling for ‘Sovereign Coronation’ Table Grapes Based on Evapotranspiration Calculations and Crop Coefficients
Authors: Reynolds Andrew G. , Ehtaiwesh Amal , de Savigny Christiane
Published: December 2018

Several irrigation treatments were evaluated on ‘Sovereign Coronation’ (Vitis labruscana) table grapes at two vineyard sites in Ontario, Canada in 2003 to 2005 to assess the usefulness of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Penman-Monteith equation for predicting vine irrigation needs. Data (relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiation, and temperature) for calculating reference evapotranspiration (ETo) were downloaded from the Ontario Weather Network. The five irrigation treatments were nonirrigated control plus four based on combinations of one of two ETo values [100% (ET100) or 150% (ET150)] and two crop coefficients [Kc (fixed at 0.75 or 0.5–0.8 based upon increasing canopy volume)] used to calculate the required irrigation water volume. Transpiration (Ts), leaf water potential (ψ), and soil moisture data were collected in all three seasons. Yield components data were collected and berries were analyzed for soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity (TA), anthocyanins, methyl anthranilate (MA), and total volatile esters (TVE). Irrigation typically increased Ts rate and soil moisture; the nonirrigated treatment showed consistently lower Ts and soil moisture over the three seasons. Irrigation also increased leaf ψ, which was lower throughout the three seasons for nonirrigated vines. Irrigation additionally increased yield and its various components (clusters per vine, cluster weight, and berries per cluster) in 2005. Berry weights were higher for irrigated treatments at both sites, and were consistently the main variable leading to yield increases. Soluble solids was highest for the Kc = 0.75 treatments. pH, TA, anthocyanins, and phenols were highest in nonirrigated treatments in 2003 and 2004, but were highest in irrigated treatments in 2005. MA and TVE were highest in the ET150 treatments. The use of irrigation was effective in reducing water stress and for improving yield and fruit composition of ‘Sovereign Coronation’ table grapes in the Niagara region of Ontario. The ET150 treatments were particularly beneficial. Soil and vine water status measurements indicated that irrigation was required for Summer 2003 and 2005 due to dry conditions.