bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discontinuous fibrous Bouligand architecture enabling formidable fracture resistance with crack orientation insensitivity
Authors: Wu Kaijin , Song Zhaoqiang , Zhang Shuaishuai , Ni Yong , Cai Shengqiang , Gong Xinglong , He Linghui , Yu Shu-Hong
Published: June 2020

Significance

Inspired by the survival war between the “spear” of mantis shrimps with Bouligand-type microstructures and the “shield” of abalone with nacreous staggered architectures, we design an architecture, a combination of Bouligand and nacreous staggered structures, which enables excellent fracture resistance with crack orientation insensitivity. The sophisticated hybrid fracture mode due to the competition of energy dissipations between crack twisting and crack bridging arising in DFB architecture is identified as the origin of maximum fracture energy at a critical pitch angle. This finding sheds light on how nature evolves materials to exceptional fracture toughness and crack orientation insensitivity. The provided design strategies with parameters selection principle enable the fabrication of formidable fracture-resistant fibrous composite systems that adapt to loads in various orientations.
Multifaceted deregulation of gene expression and protein synthesis with age
Authors: Anisimova Aleksandra S. , Meerson Mark B. , Gerashchenko Maxim V. , Kulakovskiy Ivan V. , Dmitriev Sergey E. , Gladyshev Vadim N.
Published: June 2020

Significance

Aging is associated with a myriad of changes at all levels of organization of an organism. However, how it affects protein synthesis, a major metabolic activity of the cell, is unknown. We discovered deregulation of protein synthesis and ribosome biogenesis machinery specifically at the translational level with age. Moreover, ribosomes were depleted in the vicinity of start codons and increased near stop codons. These findings reveal systematic, multilevel deregulation in gene expression and protein synthesis, showing how this major cellular process declines with age.
Snapping mechanics of the Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula)
Authors: Sachse Renate , Westermeier Anna , Mylo Max , Nadasdi Joey , Bischoff Manfred , Speck Thomas , Poppinga Simon
Published: June 2020

Significance

The rapid closure of the carnivorous Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) snap-trap incorporates snap-buckling instability as a speed boost. The trap actuation principles required to overcome the involved energy barrier, as determined by the double-lobe curvature, have remained speculative until now. Here we used 3D digital image correlation for the analysis of trap deformation during closure for both the outer and the inner trap surfaces. Accompanying biomechanical and physiological experiments revealed that successful snapping relies on full trap hydration. In combination with FEM simulations elucidating the mechanical contribution of the various trap tissues to the motion, we show that the trapping mechanics incorporate an elaborate interplay between swelling/shrinking processes of the various tissue layers and the release of trap-internal prestress.
Mating in the absence of fertilization promotes a growth-reproduction versus lifespan trade-off in female mice
Authors: Garratt Michael , Try Heather , Smiley Kristina O. , Grattan David R. , Brooks Robert C.
Published: June 2020

Significance

Pregnancy and lactation are energetically costly and can have negative effects for later-life reproduction and lifespan. To become pregnant females must mate, and these mating interactions with males could also have long-term effects on female life history. Evidence supporting this prediction has been lacking until now. Here we show that allowing female mice to mate early in life, with only sterilized males, permanently affects female life history and aging. Mated females gain and maintain body weight across life, have a greater late-life reproductive output, but suffer a shorter lifespan. These responses explain some trade-offs previously attributed to pregnancy and lactation and highlight that exposure to sexual stimuli alone can have a major effect on female life history in mammals.
Oligodendrocytes that survive acute coronavirus infection induce prolonged inflammatory responses in the CNS
Authors: Pan Ruangang , Zhang Qinran , Anthony Scott M. , Zhou Yu , Zou Xiufen , Cassell Martin , Perlman Stanley
Published: June 2020

Significance

Both genetic and environmental factors, especially viruses, may contribute to the development of multiple sclerosis. In this study, we find that oligodendrocytes (OLs) survive infection with a neurotropic coronavirus, the mouse hepatitis virus, for at least 150 d. These surviving OLs are located adjacent to demyelinating regions and express genes that contribute to a chronic inflammatory state. Notably, the extent of inflammatory cell infiltration and subsequent ability to regain normal OL morphology varied depending upon anatomic location in the central nervous system (CNS). Together, these results reveal an unexpected capacity for infected cells to survive in the CNS and also indicate that the inflammatory response and apparent ability to contribute to remyelination differs in different regions of the CNS.
Two radical-dependent mechanisms for anaerobic degradation of the globally abundant organosulfur compound dihydroxypropanesulfonate
Authors: Liu Jiayi , Wei Yifeng , Lin Lianyun , Teng Lin , Yin Jinyu , Lu Qiang , Chen Jiawei , Zheng Yuchun , Li Yaxin , Xu Runyao , Zhai Weixiang , Liu Yangping , Liu Yanhong , Cao Peng , Ang Ee Lui , Zhao Huimin , Yuchi Zhiguang , Zhang Yan
Published: June 2020

Significance

DHPS is one of the most abundant organosulfonates on this planet. The mechanisms for DHPS degradation in the anaerobic biosphere are not well understood. Here, we report the bioinformatics-aided discovery, biochemical, and structural characterizations of two O
2
-sensitive glycyl radical enzymes that use distinct radical-mediated mechanisms for DHPS degradation in anaerobic bacteria from diverse terrestrial and marine sources as well as human gut. These enzymes play an important role in the biogeochemical sulfur cycle and link dietary sulfonates to microbial production of H
2
S, which is a causative agent of chronic diseases, such as inflammation and colorectal cancer.
Vertical angular momentum constraint on lunar formation and orbital history
Authors: Tian ZhenLiang , Wisdom Jack
Published: June 2020

Significance

There are various scenarios for the formation of the Moon and subsequent dynamical evolution of the Earth–Moon system, all of which are subject to a constraint that has not previously been fully exploited. Using this constraint, we demonstrate that the recently proposed high-obliquity scenario is not consistent with the present Earth–Moon system. This constraint will have to be taken into account in all future investigations of the formation and evolution of the Moon.
Antifungal symbiotic peptide NCR044 exhibits unique structure and multifaceted mechanisms of action that confer plant protection
Authors: Velivelli Siva L. S. , Czymmek Kirk J. , Li Hui , Shaw Jared B. , Buchko Garry W. , Shah Dilip M.
Published: June 2020

Significance

Several nodule-specific cysteine-rich (NCR) peptides expressed in a model legume
Medicago truncatula
exhibit potent antimicrobial activity. However, their structure–activity relationships and mechanisms of action against fungal pathogens of plants are still largely unknown. A small highly cationic peptide NCR044 with potent antifungal activity has been identified. This peptide has a unique highly dynamic structure and exhibits multifaceted mechanisms of action against a fungal pathogen
Botrytis cinerea
. Exogenous application of this peptide confers resistance to a gray mold disease caused by
B. cinerea
in tobacco and tomato plants as well as postharvest products. Our work paves the way for future development of NCR peptides as spray-on antifungal agents.
TNF deficiency dysregulates inflammatory cytokine production, leading to lung pathology and death during respiratory poxvirus infection
Authors: Tuazon Kels Ma. Junaliah , Ng Esther , Al Rumaih Zahrah , Pandey Pratikshya , Ruuls Sigrid R. , Korner Heinrich , Newsome Timothy P. , Chaudhri Geeta , Karupiah Gunasegaran
Published: June 2020

Significance

Excessive tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production during some respiratory viral infections is associated with lung pathology and death. We show here that deficiency in TNF also causes significant pathology during respiratory poxvirus infection of mice but has no effect on viral load. TNF deficiency causes increased production of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, transforming growth factor beta, and interferon gamma and overactivation of STAT3 signaling. Cytokine blockade, or STAT3 inactivation, ameliorates lung pathology in TNF-deficient mice. The membrane form of TNF alone is necessary and sufficient for regulating inflammation and the prevention of lung pathology. Targeting specific cytokines or cytokine signaling pathways to can ameliorate lung inflammation during respiratory viral infections but the timing and duration of the interventive measures are critical.
Humans navigate with stereo olfaction
Authors: Wu Yuli , Chen Kepu , Ye Yuting , Zhang Tao , Zhou Wen
Published: June 2020

Significance

The human brain exploits subtle differences between the inputs to the paired eyes and ears to construct three-dimensional experiences and navigate the environment. Whether and how it does so for olfaction is unclear, although humans also have two separate nasal passages that simultaneously sample from nonoverlapping regions in space. Here, we demonstrate that a moderate internostril difference in odor intensity consistently biases recipients’ perceived direction of self-motion toward the higher-concentration side, despite that they cannot report which nostril smells a stronger odor. The findings indicate that humans have a stereo sense of smell that subconsciously guides navigation.
Experimental evidence of dispersal of invasive cyprinid eggs inside migratory waterfowl
Authors: Lovas-Kiss Ádám , Vincze Orsolya , Löki Viktor , Pallér-Kapusi Felícia , Halasi-Kovács Béla , Kovács Gyula , Green Andy J. , Lukács Balázs András
Published: June 2020

Fish have somehow colonized isolated water bodies all over the world without human assistance. It has long been speculated that these colonization events are assisted by waterbirds, transporting fish eggs attached to their feet and feathers, yet empirical support for this is lacking. Recently, it was suggested that endozoochory (i.e., internal transport within the gut) might play a more important role, but only highly resistant diapause eggs of killifish have been found to survive passage through waterbird guts. Here, we performed a controlled feeding experiment, where developing eggs of two cosmopolitan, invasive cyprinids (common carp, Prussian carp) were fed to captive mallards. Live embryos of both species were retrieved from fresh feces and survived beyond hatching. Our study identifies an overlooked dispersal mechanism in fish, providing evidence for bird-mediated dispersal ability of soft-membraned eggs undergoing active development. Only 0.2% of ingested eggs survived gut passage, yet, given the abundance, diet, and movements of ducks in nature, our results have major implications for biodiversity conservation and invasion dynamics in freshwater ecosystems.
Syrian hamsters as a small animal model for SARS-CoV-2 infection and countermeasure development
Authors: Imai Masaki , Iwatsuki-Horimoto Kiyoko , Hatta Masato , Loeber Samantha , Halfmann Peter J. , Nakajima Noriko , Watanabe Tokiko , Ujie Michiko , Takahashi Kenta , Ito Mutsumi , Yamada Shinya , Fan Shufang , Chiba Shiho , Kuroda Makoto , Guan Lizheng , Takada Kosuke , Armbrust Tammy , Balogh Aaron , Furusawa Yuri , Okuda Moe , Ueki Hiroshi , Yasuhara Atsuhiro , Sakai-Tagawa Yuko , Lopes Tiago J. S. , Kiso Maki , Yamayoshi Seiya , Kinoshita Noriko , Ohmagari Norio , Hattori Shin-ichiro , Takeda Makoto , Mitsuya Hiroaki , Krammer Florian , Suzuki Tadaki , Kawaoka Yoshihiro
Published: June 2020

Significance

Since SARS-CoV-2 emerged in China, it has spread rapidly around the world. Effective vaccines and therapeutics for SARS-CoV-2−induced disease (coronavirus disease 2019;COVID-19) are urgently needed. We found that SARS-CoV-2 isolates replicate efficiently in the lungs of Syrian hamsters and cause severe pathological lesions in the lungs of these animals similar to commonly reported imaging features of COVID-19 patients with pneumonia. SARS-CoV-2−infected hamsters mounted neutralizing antibody responses and were protected against rechallenge with SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, passive transfer of convalescent serum to naïve hamsters inhibited virus replication in their lungs. Syrian hamsters are a useful small animal model for the evaluation of vaccines, immunotherapies, and antiviral drugs.
“Today, the long Arab winter has begun to thaw”
Authors: Ullmann Stefanie
Published: June 2020

The so-called ‘Arab Spring’ represents one of the most significant socio-political crises in the Middle East and North Africa in recent years and its ramifications continue to affect not only local but global policy. This chapter investigates how the Arab revolutions have been conceptualised metaphorically in international political discourse by applying cognitive-linguistic theory (Lakoff and Johnson 2003[1980]; Fauconnier and Turner 2002) and adopting a triangulatory approach combining corpus-linguistic methods with critical metaphor analysis (Charteris-Black 2004). A wide range of metaphors could be identified with the most pervasive source domains ranging from season, birth-pregnancy-family and journey to contagious diseases and natural forces and disasters. Findings also show that, while using the same mappings, political representatives tend to focus on different entailments reflecting their distinct political backgrounds and attitudes.
Metaphors for protest
Authors: Kotzur Gerrit
Published: June 2020

Heated debates can inspire people to make use of creative linguistic means such as metaphor to express their point of view. In this chapter, I investigate the emotional appeal and persuasive power of metaphors on demonstration posters used by opponents of the railway modernization project Stuttgart 21 in Germany. In this context, metaphors are used both to construct and fuel the crisis. Protesters often draw on quite drastic conceptual mappings to aggravate existing tensions, demonize their ‘enemies,’ and express strong negative emotions like anger or fear. An examination of resistant discourses cannot only shed light on people’s attitudes towards elites, but also enhance our understanding of political protest in general.
“All which I offer with my own experience”
Authors: Domínguez Rodríguez M. Victoria , Rodríguez-Álvarez Rodríguez Alicia
Published: June 2020

In 17th-century England, a growing popular interest in medical literature brought with it a significant editorial boom in the field. This meant that the number of midwifery treatises published gradually increased, resulting in strong competition for a place in the sales market. Authors, editors and other agents deployed different advertising strategies in the front matter of the books, which served as publicity blurbs specifically designed to convince the potential reader to buy the work. Such strategies were supported by a series of arguments and assertions both to attract the readers’ attention and to help increase sales of the product. In this paper we identify and analyse the persuasive marketing strategies used to construct the prefatory discourse in a selection of 17th-century English midwifery treatises. Taking into account some studies on current advertising strategies, Genette’s (1997) theory on paratext and Aristotle’s classical rhetorical model, we have classified marketing strategies into those which are (1) focused on who produces the text, that is, how the authors establish authority and use their professional experience and moral integrity to convince the potential user to buy their book over another (ethos); (2) intended to highlight the relevant role of midwives in taking care of women and newborns and securing their welfare (pathos); and (3) related to the quality and utility of the work (logos).
Book producers’ comments on text-organisation in early 16th-century English printed paratexts
Authors: Varila Mari-Liisa
Published: June 2020

This chapter focuses on book producers’ metadiscourse related to text-organisation in 16th-century English printed paratexts. Paratexts offered authors, translators, and printers a convenient space for instructing the reader in navigating the contents of the book at hand. Choices related to text-organisation were occasionally highlighted on the title-page and described in more detail in prefaces or letters to the reader. In this chapter, I examine title-pages and prefaces to find out how book producers justified and clarified their methods of structuring text and information and whether text-organisation was used as a selling point in the early period of print in England.
Paratext, information studies, and Middle English manuscripts
Authors: Moore Colette
Published: June 2020

Investigations of paratextual elements can be approached methodologically from the vantage of information science. Information structure (the organization of information on the clausal and sentence level) is connected to the discipline of linguistics, and information design (the ways that a text presents material in its layout or appearance) derives from website construction and digital humanities. Although they stem from different disciplinary conversations and contexts, information structure and design collectively provide tools for examining aspects of text on the manuscript page, and drawing upon these analytic rubrics rather than the more traditional rubrics of manuscript studies serves to highlight new features and put manuscript work in closer conversation with present-day visual and textual analysis. This investigation draws upon illustrative examples from the Middle English Brut Chronicle to examine how the structural and graphical choices of the late Middle English manuscript page work together to organize and structure information, and examines the terminological and interpretative distinctions between different analytical frameworks.
Modal marking in conditionals. Grammar, usage and discourse
Authors: Narrog Heiko
Published: June 2020

This paper investigates modal marking in conditionals with
respect to two research questions: (1) How tightly integrated are conditional
sentences, both relative to similar adverbial clause constructions, and with respect
to different variants of conditional constructions. (2) What are the pragmatic
biases and discursive patterns, if any, that motivate conditional constructions with
modal marking. These issues are investigated with the help of a large corpus of
Modern Japanese. The data suggest that (1) conditional sentences are relatively
tightly integrated compared to causal, and probably also concessive constructions,
but there are considerable differences between different types of conditional
constructions, and (2) modally marked conditional sentences are overwhelmingly
associated with deontic speech acts. A number of discursive patterns associated with
spoken language can be identified, some of which are probably cross-linguistically
replicable.
Present-day English constructions with chance(s) in Talmy’s
greater modal system and beyond
Authors: Van linden An , Brems Lieselotte
Published: June 2020

Based on qualitative and quantitative corpus research,
this chapter argues that constructions with chance(s) in
Present-day English enrich Talmy’s
(1988) greater modal system in various ways. Firstly, in their modal uses
they are equivalent to core modal auxiliaries and encode especially dynamic and
epistemic meanings. We maintain that the partial decategorialization of
chance allows for more fine-grained expression of modal meanings
by bringing in constructional templates that incorporate slots for potential
premodification, as in have a good chance of
V-ing. Secondly, they can express caused-modal meanings, in which
case a causative operator is added to a basic modal meaning. Finally, structures
with chance(s) also exceed Talmy’s (1988) greater modal system, as they can still be used lexically,
which core modals no longer can.
The noun phrase as an emergent unit in Finnish
Authors: Helasvuo Marja-Liisa
Published: June 2020

The article focuses on the use of noun phrases in Finnish conversation as arguments, contrasting these uses with the use of free NPs. I show that several grammatical processes characteristic of Finnish contribute to making the internal structure of NPs relatively stable. Agreement in case and number, together with the relatively fixed ordering of elements within the NP, help the co-participants to project the future course of the turn. In the construction of NPs as referring expressions, recipient design is an important preference. A close examination of the use of argument NPs and free NPs in interaction reveals different clusterings of features characteristic of NPs as units. Based on these findings, the NP emerges as a robust unit in Finnish.
Nouns and noun phrases in other-initiated repair in English atypical interaction
Authors: Mayes Patricia
Published: June 2020

This study investigates the interaction of one American English-speaking individual who uses an Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) device, equipped with speech-generation software to talk with able-bodied participants. Other-initiated repair is common in this context, and a few studies have hinted at the importance of nouns and noun phrases, leading to questions about what role these forms play in repair sequences. The analysis shows that when a trouble source occurs inside a noun phrase, the trajectory of the repair sequence depends critically on already produced forms that help the recipient project the grammatical role of the trouble source. The analysis also supports recent research suggesting that resolving trouble in understanding (intersubjectivity) takes priority over progressivity in interaction.
What can Japanese conversation tell us about ‘NP’?
Authors: Ono Tsuyoshi , Thompson Sandra A.
Published: June 2020

Our examination of Japanese everyday conversation reveals that a majority of candidate NPs cannot be established as NPs based on traditional criteria, i.e., marking by particles and modification, since they are generally unmarked and unmodified. We examine these cases to reveal the difficulty of determining what to consider an ‘NP’ when analyzing everyday interaction. Our findings question the assumption of NP as a universal category, and in particular cast doubt on the theoretical importance given to the category NP for Japanese in the literature. We recognize instead the quantitatively most frequent cases as the norm, with the minority, more ‘ornamented’, instances as requiring an account. Our study advocates routinely challenging assumed categories arising from our inherited written-language, English-dominated, imagined-data linguistic tradition, and instead shifting our descriptive and theoretical focus to understanding and accounting for the majority instances, in our case the role of unmarked nominals in a grammar of conversation.
Robust argument phrases (DPs) but unruly NPs in Maa
Authors: Payne Doris L.
Published: June 2020

Maa (sometimes referred to as Maasai) discourse and syntax largely require determined phrases. NP is not a robust construction in Maa, partly because ‘noun’ is not highly distinguished morphosyntactically from ‘adjective.’ Either can be a syntactic argument just if preceded by a determiner; ‘ablity to serve as an argument’ does not correspond to a lexical N or NP category. The paper proposes a definition of ‘determiner’, which includes Maa demonstratives and gender+number proclitics. The latter do not signal identifiability, givenness, or referentiality. Gender is not lexical feature of most noun/adjective stems, but is specified by whatever determiner is used. The determiners appear to help hearers cognitively establish a referent based on attributed gender (sometimes at the moment of speech), and make a phrase able to serve as an argument.
The Turkish state’s responses to existential COVID-19 crisis
Authors: Bakir Caner
Published: June 2020

This article focuses on how the Turkish state has been responding to limit the public health effects of COVID-19 pandemic to date. It aims to explain and understand the introduction, implementation and effect of health policy instrument mixes. It argues that although ‘presidentialisation’ of executive, and ‘presidential bureaucracy’ under presidential system of government are critical to introduce policies and implement their instrument mixes without delay or being vetoed or watered down which would otherwise occur in the parliamentary system of government, these features of impositional and exclusive policy style pose risks of policy design and implementation failures when the policy problems are poorly diagnosed, their policy solutions are wrong and/or complementary policy instrument mixes implemented ineffectively. However, a temporal, albeit temporary divergence from a dominant administrative tradition and policy style is most likely when a policy issue is esoteric (i.e. technical, scientific and expert-led) and framed as an existential crisis under high uncertainty that require scientific, expert-led, inclusive, early, quick and decisive responses to pressing policy problems.
Climate technology transfer in BRI era: needs, priorities, and barriers from receivers’ perspective
Authors: Chen Minpeng , Zhang Lei , Teng Fei , Dai Jingjing , Li Zhuang , Wang Ziqi , Li Yuting
Published: June 2020

Technology is an instrument to build BRI relationships, mitigate the environmental and climate impacts of BRI projects, as well as to enhance environmental sustainability in the regions. This study aims to reposition China in global climate technology transfer in BRI era and to obtain initial knowledge on needs, priorities, and barriers from the receivers’ perspective. Focus group method with aid of questionnaire survey and follow-up face-to-face interviews was adopted to capture the major issues directly expressed by receivers from these countries. A total of 63 valid questionnaires were collected, and 13 respondents were face-to-face interviewed. The results confirmed that energy and agriculture were the most prioritized sectors for mitigation and adaptation in the developing countries alongside OBOR. The prioritized technologies for mitigation included cogeneration, solar photovoltaic, and biomass/biogas electricity. Irrigation, conservation agriculture, and soil management were prioritized for adaptation in agricultural sector, and water recycling and reuse, source water protection, and urban drainage management in water resource sector. Technology cost during installation and operation was stressed as the most important factor constraining the application and diffusion of climate technologies. But communication including language, information, and ways of communication, was also identified as an important factor. This implied that the conventional climate technology transfer need adapt to changing contexts of BRI and be complemented with innovative approaches involving multi-actors in different phases of climate technology development. Due to the limited representativeness of the sample, the results can hardly be generalized to all the countries, but raised interesting topics for future researches.
Final report on key comparison EURAMET.M.P-K1.c in the range 0.7 MPa to 7.0 MPa of gas gauge pressure
Authors: Altıntaş Aykurt , Koçaş Ilknur , Durgut Yasin , Bartolo Joseph , Bergoglio Mercede , Bermanec Lovorka Grgec , Bošnjaković Alen , Burzić Sanja , Condereys Antoine , Dobre Miruna , Farar Peter , Hetherington Paul , Medina Nieves , Sabuga Wladimir , Ott Oliver , Konczak Thomas , Sandu Ion , Setina Janez , Steindl Dietmar , Vámossy Csilla , Waller Bernard , Wuethrich Christian , Brzozowski Adam , Geel Jan van , Saxholm Sari , Arrhén Fredrik
Published: June 2020

A EURAMET key comparison of the national pressure standards in the range 0.7 MPa to 7.0 MPa of gas gauge pressure was carried out. The circulation of the transfer standard began in November 2011 and lasted until November 2016.

The measurand of the comparison was the effective area of the piston-cylinder assembly determined by gauge pressure measurements in the range from 0.7 MPa to 7.0 MPa.

As the comparison reference value, the weighted mean of the results of the laboratories with primary pressure standards was used.

With this reference value, all the participants who delivered the results demonstrated equivalence respective to the reference value within expanded uncertainties (k = 2) on all the range.

The results of this comparison were linked to CCM key comparison CCM.P-K1.c. Also in relation to the reference values of CCM.P-K1.c, all participants demonstrated agreement within expanded uncertainties (k = 2) at all pressure points.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Dynamics of the Entanglement Spectrum of the Haldane Model under a Sudden Quench*
Authors: Mo Lin-Han , Zhang Qiu-Lan , Wan Xin
Published: June 2020

One of the appealing features of topological systems is the presence of robust edge modes. Under a sudden quantum quench, the edge modes survive for a characteristic time that scales with the system size, during which the nontrivial topology continues to manifest in entanglement properties, even though the post-quench Hamiltonian belongs to a trivial phase. We exemplify this in the quench dynamics of a two-dimensional Haldane model with the help of one-particle entanglement spectrum and the probability density of its mid-states. We find that, beyond our knowledge in one-dimensional models, the momentum dependence of the transverse velocity plays a crucial role in the out-of-equilibrium evolution of the entanglement properties.
A10 Gb/s 1.5 μm Widely Tunable Directly Modulated InGaAsP/InP DBR Laser*
Authors: Zhou Dai-Bing , Liang Song , He Yi-Ming , Liu Yun-Long , Zhao Wu , Lu Dan , Zhao Ling-Juan , Wang Wei
Published: June 2020

We report 10 Gb/s data transmissions using a packaged two-section InGaAsP/InP distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser. The tunable DBR laser has a wavelength tuning range of 12.12 nm. The DBR laser has greater than 10.84 GHz 3-dB direct modulation bandwidth within the wavelength tuning range. The 10 Gb/s data transmissions are performed at up to a distance of 30-km.
Time-Resolved Study of Pseudogap and Superconducting Quasiparticle Dynamics in Ca0.82La0.18Fe1 – xNixAs2*
Authors: Jiang Cong-Ying , Song Hai-Ying , Xie T. , Liu C. , Luo H. Q. , Zhao S. Z. , Zhang Xiu , Nie X. C. , Meng Jian-Qiao , Duan Yu-Xia , Liu H. Y. , Liu Shi-Bing
Published: June 2020

We use femtosecond time-resolved optical reflectivity to study the photoexcited quasiparticle (QP) dynamics in the iron-based 112 type superconducting (SC) samples Ca
0.82
La
0.18
Fe
1 – x

NixAs
2, with x = 0 and 0.024. In the parent sample, a fast and a slow relaxation emerge at temperatures below the magnetic-structure (MS) transition T
ms ≈ 50 K and the SC transition T
c ≈ 33 K, respectively. The latter obviously corresponds to an SC QP dynamics, which is further confirmed in the x = 0.024 sample with T
c ≈ 25 K. The former suggests that a partial of photoexcited QP relaxation through a pesudogap (PG) channel, which is absent in the doped x = 0.024 sample without the MS transition.
Evidence for a New Extended Solid of Nitrogen*
Authors: Lei Li , Tang Qi-Qi , Zhang Feng , Liu Shan , Wu Bin-Bin , Zhou Chun-Yin
Published: June 2020

A new extended solid nitrogen, referred to as post-layered-polymeric nitrogen (PLP-N, or Panda-N), was observed by further heating the layered-polymeric nitrogen (LP-N) to above 2300 K at 161 GPa. The new phase is found to be very optically transparent and exhibits ultra-large d-spacings ranging from 2.8 to 4.9 Å at 172 GPa, suggesting a lower-symmetry large-unit-cell 2D chain-like or 0D cluster-type structure with wide bandgap. However, the observed x-ray diffraction pattern and Raman scattering data cannot match any predicted structures in the published literature. This finding further complicates the phase diagram of nitrogen and also highlights the path dependence of the high-pressure dissociative transition in nitrogen. In addition, the phase transition from cubic gauche nitrogen (cg-N) to LP-N is observed at 157 GPa and 2000 K.
Effect of a Single Threading Dislocation on Electrical and Single Photon Detection Characteristics of 4H-SiC Ultraviolet Avalanche Photodiodes*
Authors: Su Lin-Lin , Zhou Dong , Liu Qing , Ren Fang-Fang , Chen Dun-Jun , Zhang Rong , Zheng You-Dou , Lu Hai
Published: June 2020

We fabricated 4H-SiC ultraviolet avalanche photodiode (APD) arrays and systematically investigated the effect of threading dislocations on electrical and single photon detection characteristics of 4H-SiC APDs. Based on a statistical correlation study of individual device performance and structural defect mapping revealed by molten KOH etching, it is determined with high confidence level that even a single threading dislocation within APD active region would lead to apparent device performance degradation, including increase of dark current near breakdown voltage, premature breakdown and reduction of single photon detection efficiency at fixed dark count rate.
A Novel Oxygen-Based Digital Etching Technique for p-GaN/AlGaN Structures without Etch-Stop Layers*
Authors: Jiang Yang , Wan Ze-Yu , Zhou Guang-Nan , Fan Meng-Ya , Yang Gai-Ying , Sokolovskij R. , Xia Guang-Rui , Wang Qing , Yu Hong-Yu
Published: June 2020

A novel O2 plasma-based digital etching technology for p-GaN/AlGaN structures without any etch-stop layer was investigated using an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etcher, with 100 W ICP power and 40 W rf bias power. Under 40 sccm O2 flow and 3 min oxidation time, the p-GaN etch depth was 3.62 nm per circle. The surface roughness improved from 0.499 to 0.452 nm after digital etching, meaning that no observable damages were caused by this process. Compared to the dry etch only methods with Cl2/Ar/O2 or BCl3/SF6 plasma, this technique smoothed the surface and could efficiently control the etch depth due to its self-limiting characteristic. Furthermore, compared to other digital etching processes with an etch-stop layer, this approach was performed using ICP etcher and less demanding on the epitaxial growth. It was proved to be effective in precisely controlling p-GaN etch depth and surface damages required for high performance p-GaN gate high electron mobility transistors.
Quantifying uncertainties on fission fragment mass yields with mixture density networks
Authors: Lovell A E , Mohan A T , Talou P
Published: June 2020

Probabilistic machine learning techniques can learn both complex relations between input features and output quantities of interest as well as take into account stochasticity or uncertainty within a data set. In this initial work, we explore the use of one such probabilistic network, the mixture density network (MDN), to reproduce fission yields and their uncertainties. We study mass yields for the spontaneous fission of 252Cf, exploring the number of training samples needed for converged predictions, how different levels of uncertainty propagate from the training set to the MDN predictions, and how well physical constraints of the yields—such as normalization and symmetry—are upheld by the algorithm. Finally, we test the ability of the MDN to interpolate between and extrapolate beyond samples in the training set using energy-dependent mass yields for the neutron-induced fission on 235U. The MDN provides a reliable way to include and predict uncertainties and is a promising path forward for supplementing sparse sets of nuclear data.
A vision-based instrument for measuring milk somatic cell count
Authors: Gao Fei , Wang Jinchao , Ge Yisu , Lu Shufang
Published: June 2020

The method of rapidly measuring the somatic cell count of raw milk is important for detecting the quality of milk and monitoring the health of dairy cows. This paper investigates a vision-based measurement algorithm and develops an instrument for measuring the somatic cell count. In detail, first, microscopic images of glass slides are automatically captured. Second, the Hough transform is used to calibrate the microscopic image so as to compute the sample volume. Third, a discrete optimization model is set up to determine the image segmentation threshold. Fourth, the features of milk somatic cell are expressed in area, ratio of length to width and circularity. The least-square circle method is employed to detect the circularity of the milk somatic cell. Then, an automatic milk somatic cell count is achieved via a recursion algorithm. Finally, a milk somatic cell counting instrument is developed based on the proposed algorithm, which is verified to be applicable via comparison with the FossMatic 5000, made in Denmark.
Layered perovskite materials: key solutions for highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Hanmandlu Chintam , Singh Anupriya , Boopathi Karunakara Moorthy , Lai Chao-Sung , Chu Chih-Wei
Published: June 2020

Metal halide perovskites having three-dimensional crystal structures are being applied successfully in various optoelectronic applications. To address their most challenging issues—instability and toxicity—without losing efficiency, lower-dimensional perovskites appear to be promising alternatives. Recently, two-dimensional (2D) perovskite solar cells have been developed exhibiting excellent photostability and moisture-stability, together with moderate device efficiency. This review summarizes the photophysical properties and operating mechanisms of 2D perovskites as well as recent advances in their applications in solar cell devices. Also presented is an agenda for the next-stage development of stable perovskite materials for solar cell applications, highlighting the issues of stability and toxicity that require further study to ensure commercialization.
Role of Zn in modification of electronic and optical properties of c-SrZrO3: a computational insight
Authors: Rizwan Muhammad , Anam S , Farman Muhammad , Akgul Ali , Uzma M
Published: June 2020

In this article, a DFT study is carried out to explore the electronic, structural and optical properties of SrZrO3 (SZO). Zn is doped at Sr site in minimum quantity to explore the minimal effect of Zn on electronic behaviour and its impact on other properties. For investigation of these properties, Ultrasoft pseudopotentials (USP) and Generalized Gradient Approximation suggested by Perdew, Burke, and Ernzerhof (GGA-PBE) functional is executed. The inclusion of Zn at Sr site in SZO affects the electronic and optical properties significantly. Band gap was expressively reduced from 3.315 eV to 2.618 eV which has direct impact with interacting energies. The nature of band gap for both intrinsic and doped systems remain indirect which means Zn inclusion did not affect the nature of band gap. The change in electronic properties due to addition of impurity leads towards change in optical properties. All the optical properties including complex dielectric function, absorption spectra, reflection coefficient, refractive index and extinction coefficient were calculated. The results showed a clear red shift in the absorption spectra along with peak shifting from 2.98 eV to 0.63 eV and the refractive index obtained for pure material is 2.13 which then altered to 2.45 due to doping. Doping of zinc in SZO significantly alter the electronic and optical properties and thus making it a valuable asset for optoelectronic devices.
Ion wind drying with input power variation of the potato slices
Authors: Sumariyah S , Khuriati A , Pratiwi S H , Fachriyah E
Published: June 2020

The ion wind drying method has been used to dehydrate potato slices with a variation of electric power and a constant drying time of 30 minutes. Ion wind drying is generated by an electrohydrodynamic flow reactor using 10 x 10 pairs of pin electrodes and multi-ring concentric electrodes connected by a DC high voltage. The high electric field in space between electrode causes ionization of air at the atmosphere condition which is produced ion flow together with heat transfer, and radical ions which are used for drying. Power in the reactor during drying is influenced by the input voltage and the measured current obtained a minimum value of 10 Watt and a maximum value of 60 Watt. Ion wind drying in the sample slices found also the value of the level of drying, shrinkage, humidity, and energy consumption which increases with increasing power at the reactor.
The use of raspberry pi as a portable medical image processing
Authors: Widodo C E , Adi K , Gunadi I
Published: June 2020

This paper presents the image processing implementation in Raspberry Pi. Raspberry Pi is a system built-in and is a low-cost computer that can be used to reduce system complexity in real-time applications. For programming, it’s very good to use Python. Raspberry pi has a Camera Slot Interface (CSI) to interface the camera with Raspberry Pi. Low contrast images captured using the Raspberry Pi camera module can be scaled up first to identify specific image regions. The most important processing is the removal of noise as a result of noise disturbance during image acquisition on the camera. Due to its small size, which is about the size of a credit card and its lightweight, raspberry pi is very suitable for use as a portable medical image processing system. Besides that Raspberry Pi also consumes low power.
Face geometry as a biometric-based identification system
Authors: Widodo C E , Adi K
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we present a method for identifying a person with a biometric-based on face geometry. This person identification system design has been done using face biometrics by implementing feature extraction of distances between facial features. Face biometrics were chosen because they have unique characteristics and do not change in each person. In this method, a system analysis that separates the face image into face components, including the eyes, nose, and mouth on the face image is taken from the front view position. Each component of the feature that has been detected is measured by its distance to form the face semantics. The steps taken in image processing begin with determining the region of interest (ROI). Furthermore, the results of cropping ROI feature extraction are done to get the eye, nose and mouth. After that, a centroid is determined for each feature so that the distance between features can be calculated using the equation of the distance between the two coordinates, so we get 8 distances as matching parameters. The matching process is done using euclidean distance, which is calculating the smallest distance between the test image and the database. Based on research results, this system can be used to identify someone using face biometrics with fixed poses and expressions. The accuracy of this system is 100 percent
Measurement of information quality on mozita application uses the weighted average model
Authors: Widodo A P , Adi K , Nugraheni S A , Indri W
Published: June 2020

Fulfillment of nutrition for children under five years of age is a factor that needs to be considered in maintaining children’s health because in infancy it is a period of development that is vulnerable to nutritional status. Based on data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia in 2015 shows that the number of malnutrition is still high, as many as 185 in each province, and it is estimated that there are still around 12 million that have not been reported. The main problem with the high number of malnutrition status lies in the weakness of the recording and reporting process so that the government cannot have information that can be used to conduct early detection of the incidence of malnutrition. The weak process of recording nutritional status is caused by the lack of available instruments that can be used for the recording and reporting process. Based on the above problems, the Mozita application was used to process the recording and reporting of under-five nutritional status based on anthropometry tables. The Mozita application guarantees the accuracy, speed, and convenience in terms of knowing the early growth of toddlers. This study focused on measuring the quality of information on the Mozita application, which includes aspects of accuracy, timeliness, suitability, completeness, and ease of use. Measuring the quality of information is done by using questionnaires distributed to respondents (midwives), then for further analysis using the weighted average pre and post. The results of descriptive data analysis showed that the overall weighted average value of information quality pre Mozita application development was 1.01 and the post was 2.78. Pre and post value is the value of information quality which includes aspects of accuracy, timeliness, suitability, completeness, and ease of use. Comparison between pre and post values has increased by 1.77. An increase in the value of 0.63 can be interpreted that there is a positive influence on the quality of Mozita application information on aspects of accuracy, timeliness, suitability, completeness, and ease of use.
Cleaner sheep leather tanning process using uncaria gambir: the influence of rebating on leather properties
Authors: Griyanitasari G , Rahmawati D , Sugihartono  , Erwanto Y
Published: June 2020

Black-cube-gambir (pale catechin) is a processed gambir (Uncaria gambier) extract. Containing condensed tannin, black-cube-gambir could be used as a vegetable tanning agent in the leather making process. Some industries in Indonesia use pickled hide/skin as raw material for the next process that the previous bating process is uncontrolled. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of rebating in the re-pickle stage on the leather tanned with Uncaria gambir. For alum-gambir tanned leather, rebating increased its softness, tear strength, and hydrothermal stability, while for glutaraldehyde-gambir tanned leather, rebating increased its tensile strength, degree of tannage, and tannin bound. The broad DSC peak revealed that the distribution of collagen molecules of all samples was unequal. Rebating could increase and decrease the quality of leather.