bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neovagina creation methods and their potential impact on subsequent uterus transplantation: a review
Authors: Kölle A , Taran F‐A , Rall K , Schöller D , Wallwiener D , Brucker SY
Published: July 2019

Congenital uterovaginal aplasia commonly occurs in Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome. Various methods of neovagina creation exist, including nonsurgical self‐dilation, surgical dilation, and surgical procedures involving skin or intestinal transplants. Subsequent uterus transplantation is necessary to enable pregnancy. We review the main characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of established neovagina creation methods and discuss their suitability regarding subsequent uterus transplantation. Suitability criteria include sufficient vaginal length, absence of previous major intra‐abdominal surgery, a natural vaginal axis, and a natural vaginal epithelium. In conclusion, Vecchietti‐based laparoscopically assisted neovagina creation provides ideal functional conditions for uterus transplantation. Nonsurgical self‐dilation and Wharton–Sheares–George vaginoplasty may also be suitable.

Tweetable abstract

This review discusses the main advantages and disadvantages of neovagina creation methods with regard to subsequent uterus transplantation.
A risk‐based inventory of invasive plant species of Queensland, Australia: Regional, ecological and floristic insights
Authors: Osunkoya Olusegun O. , Froese Jens G. , Nicol Sam , Perrett Christine , Moore Kerri , Callander Jason , Campbell Shane
Published: July 2019

Invasive alien plant species threaten agriculture and biodiversity globally and require ongoing management to minimise impacts. However, the large number of invasive species means that a risk‐based approach to prioritisation is needed, taking into account the spatial scale of management decisions and myriad of available information. Here, we developed a risk‐based inventory of invasive plants in Queensland, Australia, using both current species distribution/abundance and the severity of their impacts. Our assessment followed a comprehensive data collection process including a scoping of local government pest management plans, herbarium records, the published literature and structured elicitation of expert knowledge during a series of regional stakeholder workshops. From ~300 plant species that were identified as established and/or emerging invaders in the State, only one‐third were considered by practitioners to pose significant risks across regions to be considered management priorities. We aggregated regional species lists into a statewide priority list and analysed the data set (107 species) for historical, geographical, floristic and ecological patterns. Regions on the mainland eastern seaboard of the State share similar invasive plant communities, suggesting that these regions may form a single management unit, unlike the western/inland and the extreme far north (Torres Strait Islands) regions, which share fewer invasive plant species. Positive correlations were detected between invasiveness and time since introduction for some but not all plant life forms. Stakeholders identified research and management priorities for the invasive plant list, including biological control options, public awareness/education, effective herbicide use, ecology/taxonomy and risk analysis. In the course of the exercise, a statewide invasive plant priority list of high‐, medium‐ and low‐impact scores for policy, research and management was compiled. Finally, our approach to invasive plant species prioritisation highlighted that planning and policy documents are not necessarily reflected at the grass‐root level in terms of species identity and management priorities.
Maternal HLA‐DR, HLA‐DQ, and HLA‐DP loci are linked with altered risk of recurrent pregnancy loss in Lebanese women: A case‐control study
Authors: Aimagambetova Gulzhanat , Hajjej Abdelhafidh , Malalla Zainab H. , Finan Ramzi R. , Sarray Sameh , Almawi Wassim Y.
Published: July 2019

Problem

We investigated the association between idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and HLA‐DPB1, HLA‐DQB1, and HLA‐DRB1 alleles and DPB1‐DQB1‐DRB1 haplotypes.

Method of study

Case‐control retrospective study involved 93 Lebanese women with unexplained RPL, and 113 multiparous Lebanese women with two or more successful pregnancies, and no miscarriages who served as controls. DPB1, DQB1, and DRB1 genotyping was performed by PCR‐SSP.

Results

Expected and observed DRB1, DQB1, and DPB1 frequencies were comparable, and HLA genotype frequencies were in Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium. Significantly higher frequencies of DRB1*04:01:01 and DRB1*08:01:01, and decreased DRB1*07:01:01 frequency were seen in RPL cases than in controls. On the other hand, the distribution of DQB1 alleles was comparable between cases and control groups. Significantly lower frequencies of DPB1*04:01:01 and DPB1*14:01:01 were seen in women with RPL than control subjects. While the frequency DPB1*02:01:01 was markedly higher in RPL cases than in controls, the difference was not significant. DPB1‐DQB1‐DRB1 haplotype analysis identified haplotype DPB1*04:01:01‐DQB1*03:02:01‐DRB1*04:01:01 to be positively associated, while haplotype DPB1*04:01:01‐DQB1*02:01:01‐DRB1*07:01:01 to be negatively associated with RPL. Of these two haplotypes, only DPB1*04:01:01‐DQB1*02:01:01‐DRB1*07:01:01 remained significant after correction for multiple tests (Pc = .0008).

Conclusion

Our results confirm an association of select DRB1 and DPB1 alleles with RPL in Lebanese women, and the first to identify DPB1‐DQB1‐DRB1 linked with altered RPL susceptibility, further highlighting the immunological/inflammatory nature of RPL.
Labour Migration, Capitalist Accumulation, and Feudal Reproduction: A Historical Analysis from the Eastern Gangetic Plains
Authors: Sugden Fraser
Published: July 2019

This paper engages with the long‐running debate on the transition from farm‐based livelihoods to capitalism in the context of labour migration. Tracing the historic evolution of modes of production in the peripheral Mithilanchal region of the Eastern Gangetic Plains, it notes how the economic processes which are today driving the peasantry into the labour force through migration are not directly connected to the process of capitalist accumulation in the diverse locales where labour is employed, as is somtimes implied in the research on classic situations of “accumulation by dispossession”. The entry of the peasantry into the surplus labour pool is instead linked firstly, with a complex convergence of internal changes within a non‐capitalist feudal mode of production on an economic, cultural and political level, and secondly, with the stresses brought about in the wake of expanding capitalist markets. The paper notes however that migrant labour still generates substantial profits for capitalism with a sharing of surplus between the latter, and landlord‐money lenders. It argues that the relationship between modes of production in this context, is neither functional nor coincidental, and is linked instead with larger – at times opportunistic – class alliances which have evolved to fit the current political‐economic conjuncture.
Bioethicists to the Barricades!
Authors: Lindemann Hilde
Published: July 2019

In this article I begin with an anecdote as a way of exploring just exactly what activism entails. Are we talking about the kind of activism every citizen ought to engage in? Should we confine our topic to activism in health care settings? Just what is activism anyway, and how much and what kind ought bioethicists to engage in? Finally, I consider the possibility that it’s perfectly permissible for bioethicists not to be activists of any kind.
Developing a ‘moral compass tool’ based on moral case deliberations: A pragmatic hermeneutic approach to clinical ethics
Authors: Hartman Laura , Metselaar Suzanne , Widdershoven Guy , Molewijk Bert
Published: July 2019

Although moral case deliberation (MCD) is evaluated positively as a form of clinical ethics support (CES), it has limitations. To address these limitations our research objective was to develop a thematic CES tool. In order to assess the philosophical characteristics of a CES tool based on MCDs, we drew on hermeneutic ethics and pragmatism. We distinguished four core characteristics of a CES tool: (a) focusing on an actual situation that is experienced as morally challenging by the user; (b) stimulating moral inquiry into the moral concepts, questions and routines in the lived experience of the CES tool user; (c) stimulating moral learning by exploring other perspectives; and (d) incorporating contextual details. We provide an example of a CES tool developed for moral dilemmas over client autonomy. Our article ends with some reflections on the normativity of the CES tool, other application areas and the importance of evaluation studies of CES tools.
LUF7244, an allosteric modulator/activator of Kv11.1 channels, counteracts dofetilide‐induced torsades de pointes arrhythmia in the chronic atrioventricular block dog model
Authors: Qile Muge , Beekman Henriette D.M. , Sprenkeler David J. , Houtman Marien J.C. , van Ham Willem B. , Stary‐Weinzinger Anna , Beyl Stanislav , Hering Steffen , van den Berg Dirk‐Jan , de Lange Elizabeth C.M. , Heitman Laura H. , IJzerman Ad P. , Vos Marc A. , van der Heyden Marcel A.G.
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose

Kv11.1 (hERG) channel blockade is an adverse effect of many drugs and lead compounds, associated with lethal cardiac arrhythmias. LUF7244 is a negative allosteric modulator/activator of Kv11.1 channels that inhibits early afterdepolarizations in vitro. We tested LUF7244 for antiarrhythmic efficacy and potential proarrhythmia in a dog model.

Experimental Approach

LUF7244 was tested in vitro for (a) increasing human IKv11.1 and canine IKr and (b) decreasing dofetilide‐induced action potential lengthening and early afterdepolarizations in cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells and canine isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes. In vivo, LUF7244 was given intravenously to anaesthetized dogs in sinus rhythm or with chronic atrioventricular block.

Key Results

LUF7244 (0.5–10 μM) concentration dependently increased IKv11.1 by inhibiting inactivation. In vitro, LUF7244 (10 μM) had no effects on IKIR2.1, INav1.5, ICa‐L, and IKs, doubled IKr, shortened human and canine action potential duration by approximately 50%, and inhibited dofetilide‐induced early afterdepolarizations. LUF7244 (2.5 mg·kg−1·15 min−1) in dogs with sinus rhythm was not proarrhythmic and shortened, non‐significantly, repolarization parameters (QTc: −6.8%). In dogs with chronic atrioventricular block, LUF7244 prevented dofetilide‐induced torsades de pointes arrhythmias in 5/7 animals without normalization of the QTc. Peak LUF7244 plasma levels were 1.75 ± 0.80 during sinus rhythm and 2.34 ± 1.57 μM after chronic atrioventricular block.

Conclusions and Implications

LUF7244 counteracted dofetilide‐induced early afterdepolarizations in vitro and torsades de pointes in vivo. Allosteric modulators/activators of Kv11.1 channels might neutralize adverse cardiac effects of existing drugs and newly developed compounds that display QTc lengthening.
Coopetition in innovation activities and firms' economic performance: An empirical analysis
Authors: Pekovic Sanja , Grolleau Gilles , Mzoughi Naoufel
Published: July 2019

We use survey data to test whether it pays to cooperate in innovation activities with rivals (also referred to as coopetition) compared to other cooperative arrangements, notably with non‐rival partners. Applying an ordinary least squares regression to a large sample of French firms (N = 2957), we found evidence of a positive and significant relationship between various forms of cooperation (with and without rivals) and firms' economic performance, measured by EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization). Results show that cooperation with rival and non‐rivals taken together increases economic performance, but that the impact of cooperation with rivals is lower than the impact of cooperation with non‐rivals. Estimation results suggest that reaping the full cooperation benefits is not automatic and requires precision dosing and management.
Investigating effects of interactive signage–based stimulation for promoting behavior change
Authors: Zhang Zhihua , Takahashi Yuta , Fujimoto Manato , Arakawa Yutaka , Yasumoto Keiichi
Published: July 2019

In recent years, many types of research and developments on behavior change have been conducted. The purpose of behavior change is to improve people's lifestyle pattern or to maintain the improvement for a long time with the aim to achieve a goal such as promoting health condition improvement. To achieve the foundation of a new lifestyle, it is necessary to recognize the daily life patterns of users and give triggers for behavior change to users in their daily life. To realize this, in our research, we develop an interactive signage which is able to identify and actively talk to the passing user and try to induce behavior change by sending visual and auditory stimulation. Then, we record users' reactions and upload them to the server. In this paper, we report the investigation result on users' reactions and feelings to the developed interactive signage. As a survey experiment, we set up four interactive signs on a floor of our university and asked 15 participants to carry a name tag with a Bluetooth Low Energy beacon during their daily life. Five kinds of tasks based on dialogue scenarios are posted to the approaching participants. Participants can respond to these tasks through a touchscreen. The period of the experiment was three weeks. To get the data in an ideal environment, during the first week, we asked all the participants to respond to the utterance from the interactive signage whenever they hear the voice message. During the next two weeks, participants were not asked to respond to the task definitely to get the data in the real environment. The result of the experiment showed that our proposed interactive signage could induce behavior change effectively. Based on the result of experiment, we updated our interactive signage system by adding response time (the time passed from showing contents until user respond), record function, and voice feedback function. Furthermore, to collect the data of response time that is considered as a part of users' reactions, we conducted an additional experiment with the same participants in previous experiment (except for one missing participant) for one week after updating the system. In the additional experiment, the participants were not asked to respond to the utterance definitely. As a result, it is shown that the behavior change by the proposed signage is still effectively induced. We also analyzed the relationship between the day passed and the response rate of each task type. The result shows that the number of ignorance of personal task and check task does not rise even as the time passes.
Effects of selective dorsal rhizotomy and meaningful outcomes for the child and family
Authors: Wright Marilyn , Gorter Jan Willem
Published: July 2019

This commentary is on the systematic review by Tedroff et al. on pages 554–562 of this issue.
Phospholipase Cγ1 is required for normal irritant contact dermatitis responses and sebaceous gland homeostasis
Authors: Fukuyama Takatsugu , Nakamura Yoshikazu , Kanemaru Kaori , Toyoda Chiho , Jang Hyun‐Jun , Suh Pann‐Ghill , Fukami Kiyoko
Published: July 2019

Differentiation and proliferation of keratinocyte are controlled by various signalling pathways. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is known to be an important regulator of multiple epidermal functions. Inhibition of EGFR signalling disturbs keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation and migration. Previous studies have revealed that one of the EGFR downstream signalling molecules, phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCγ1), regulates differentiation, proliferation and migration of keratinocytes in in vitro cell culture system. However, the role of PLCγ1 in the regulation of keratinocyte functions in animal epidermis remains unexplored. In this study, we generated keratinocyte‐specific PLCγ1 knockout (KO) mice (PLCγ1 cKO mice). Contrary to our expectations, loss of PLCγ1 did not affect differentiation, proliferation and migration of interfollicular keratinocytes. We further examined the role of PLCγ1 in irritant contact dermatitis (ICD), in which epidermal cells play a pivotal role. Upon irritant stimulation, PLCγ1 cKO mice showed exaggerated ICD responses. Further study revealed that epidermal loss of PLCγ1 induced sebaceous gland hyperplasia, indicating that PLCγ1 regulates homeostasis of one of the epidermal appendages. Taken together, our results indicate that, although PLCγ1 is dispensable in interfollicular keratinocyte for normal differentiation, proliferation and migration, it is required for normal ICD responses. Our results also indicate that PLCγ1 regulates homeostasis of sebaceous glands.
An automatic procedure that grades some facial skin structural signs: agreements and validation with clinical assessments made by dermatologists
Authors: Flament F. , Hofmann M. , Roo E. , Raimbault‐Gerard C. , Chuberre B. , Zhang Y. , Jiang R. , Kezele I. , Zhang J. , Elmozino E. , Coquide J. , Arcin V. , Aarabi P.
Published: July 2019

Objective

To confirm the robustness and validity of an automatic scoring system, algorithm‐based, that grades the severity of nine facial signs through “selfies” smartphones pictures taken by European Caucasian women through dermatological assessments.

Methods

157 Caucasian women from three countries (France, Germany, Spain), of different ages (20–75 years), took one “selfie” image by the frontal camera of their smartphones whereas local dermatologists photographed them with the back camera of the same smartphone. The same nine facial signs of these subjects were initially graded by these local dermatologists, using referential Skin Aging Atlases. All 314 “selfies” images were then further automatically analyzed by the algorithm. The severity of facial signs (wrinkles, pigmentation, ptosis, skin folds etc.) were statistically compared to the assessments made by the three dermatologists, taken as ground truth.

Results

Highly significant coefficients of correlation (P < 0.001) were found in the three cohorts between the grades provided by the system and those from dermatologists in live. The back camera – of a better resolution than the frontal one – seems affording slightly more significant correlations. However, although significantly correlated, the signs of vascular disorders and cheek skin pores present some disparities that are likely linked to the technical diversity of smartphones or self‐shootings, leading to lower coefficients of correlations.

Conclusion

This automatic scoring system offers a promising approach in the harmonization of Dermatological assessments of skin facial signs and their changes with age or the follow up of anti‐aging treatments.
Effects of tempering and heat strengthening on hardness, indentation fracture resistance, and wear of soda lime float glass
Authors: Sheth Nisha , Howzen Alexandra , Campbell Alexander , Spengler Sarah , Liu Hongshen , Pantano Carlo G. , Kim Seong H.
Published: July 2019

Anecdotal and empirical evidence suggests that heat strengthening treatments compromise the wear and scratch resistance of soda lime silicate (SLS) glass. This can be problematic when trying to clean inorganic debris from the glass surface which can result in scratches degrading the optical clarity of the glass surface. Interestingly, past work using a ball‐on‐flat tribometer showed that SLS has peculiar wear behaviors as a function of relative humidity (RH). In dry conditions, inorganic counter surfaces abrade SLS. In contrast, in high humidity conditions, SLS substrate exhibits wear resistance for a variety of inorganic counter‐surface materials. The focus of this fundamental study is to investigate the hardness, indentation fracture resistance (IFR), and wear resistance of SLS float glass with various thermal treatment histories—as‐received (exposed to ambient lab air for about a year), annealed, heat strengthened, and thermally tempered—as a function of humidity using Vickers indentation and ball‐on‐flat tribometer. Several hypotheses were considered, and it was proposed that Si‐O bond parameters, specifically strained bonds, may play an important role in the mechanochemical wear behavior of soda lime glasses at high humidity conditions.
News
Authors: Tarran Brian
Published: July 2019

Fact-checking Chernobyl

A critically acclaimed drama series finds its science under scrutiny
Gender Pay Gaps A Median-Sized Problem
Authors: Marriott Nigel
Published: July 2019

In April 2019, the Royal Statistical Society published 10 recommendations to improve the quality of gender pay gap reporting. Nigel Marriott, who helped the RSS write the recommendations, explains the thinking behind the second and sixth recommendations, concerning the widely misunderstood statistical concept of the median
Graphical Interpretations of Data Time and Tide...
Authors: Reese R. Allan
Published: July 2019

Even a “practically perfect” graph can be improved, says R. Allan Reese
Microwave‐assisted solvothermal synthesis of sodium metal fluoride (NaxMFy) nanopowders
Authors: Hwang Jongkook , Chun Jinyoung
Published: July 2019

In this study, we have developed a simple, versatile, and rapid solvothermal process for the preparation of sodium metal fluoride (NaxMFy) nanopowders (NaCoF3, NaMnF3, and Na3FeF6) using a microwave digestion system. Microwave heating significantly reduces the reaction time compared to conventional heating methods. The NaxMFy nanopowders have cluster structures consisting of small primary nanoparticles, thus resulting in a large surface area of >60 m2 g−1. The effect of an essential additive is also investigated to confirm the optimal conditions for obtaining large‐surface‐area NaxMFy nanopowders without impurities. We expect that this study will promote further research into the development and application of various nanostructured NaxMFy materials.
Do people with intellectual disabilities understand their prescription medication? A scoping review
Authors: Smith Megan V. A. , Adams Danielle , Carr Claudia , Mengoni Silvana E.
Published: July 2019

Background

People with intellectual disabilities are more likely to experience poor health than the general population and are frequently prescribed multiple medications. Therefore, it is important that people with intellectual disabilities understand their medication and potential adverse effects.

Method

A scoping review explored people with intellectual disabilities' knowledge of prescription medications, their risks and how medication understanding can be improved.

Results

Ten journal articles were included. People with intellectual disabilities often lacked understanding of their medication, including its name, purpose and when and how to take it. Participants were often confused or unaware of adverse effects associated with their medication. Information was sometimes explained to carers rather than people with intellectual disabilities. Some interventions and accessible information helped to improve knowledge in people with intellectual disabilities.

Conclusion

There is a need for accessible and tailored information about medication to be discussed with people with intellectual disabilities in order to meet legal and best practice standards.
Pathogenic variants of PROC gene caused type I activity deficiency in a familial Chinese venous thrombosis
Authors: Yue Yongjian , Liu Shengguo , Han Xuemei , Xiao Lu , Huang Qijun , Li Shulin , Zhuang Kaixue , Yang Mo , Zou Chang , Fu Yingyun
Published: July 2019

Pathogenic mutation of protein C (PROC) gene results into the deficiency of PROC activity. This study aimed to identify the pathogenic genetic variants and to explore the functional consequence in Chinese familial venous thrombosis (VTE). Whole exome sequencing was performed to identify the pathogenic variants of anticoagulant factors. Serum coagulation and anti‐coagulation factors activity were assayed to evaluate the genetic association. Functional study of PROC antigen secretion deficiency was conducted in VTE subjects and in vitro cell lines. One rare pathogenic variant (p.Ala178Pro) was identified in the four VTE subjects but not in the normal subjects from the family. An inframeshift variant (rs199469469) was also identified in a paediatric subject of the pedigree. Further evaluation of serum PROC activity levels in p.Ala178Pro variants VTE carriers showed significantly lower PROC activity compared to non‐carriers. Furthermore, in vitro study showed that the p.Ala178Pro mutant cells had a consistent reduction in concentration of PROC antigen. In conclusions, our study demonstrated the pathogenic variant (p.Ala178Pro) contributed to PROC type I activity deficiency, which may be due to decreased secretion of PROC.
Salivary levels of specialized pro‐resolving lipid mediators as indicators of periodontal health/disease status
Authors: Tobón‐Arroyave Sergio Iván , Isaza‐Guzmán Diana María , Gómez‐Ortega Juliana , Flórez‐Alzate Angye Alexandra
Published: July 2019

Aim

This cross‐sectional case–control study aimed to determine if salivary levels of lipoxin A4 (LXA4), protectin D1 (PD1), resolvin E1 (RvE1) and maresin 1 (MaR1) might constitute a reflection of periodontal health/disease status.

Materials and methods

One hundred and two periodontitis patients and 61 healthy controls were recruited. Periodontal clinical status was determined by criteria based on full‐mouth clinico‐radiographical data. Salivary concentration of the analytes was calculated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The association between the biomarkers with disease status was assessed individually and adjusted for confounding using multivariate binary logistic regression models.

Results

Significantly decreased LXA4 and increased PD1/MaR1 salivary levels were detected in periodontitis patients in comparison with healthy controls. However, no significant differences were observed for RvE1 levels between clinical groups. Clinical parameters such as probing depth, clinical attachment loss and extent were negatively correlated with LXA4, positively correlated with PD1/MaR1 and not correlated with RvE1 salivary levels. Logistic regression analyses revealed a strong/independent association of LXA4, PD1 and MaR1 salivary levels regarding disease status. Interaction effects between demographic predictor variables and salivary concentration of LXA4, PD1 and MaR1 were also identified.

Conclusion

The results of this study demonstrated a strong/independent association between reduced LXA4 and increased PD1/MaR1 salivary levels with periodontitis suggesting an imbalance in the specialized pro‐resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) in periodontal disease.
Seasonal trends in whale sharkRhincodon typussightings in an established tourism site in the Gulf of California, Mexico
Authors: Whitehead Darren Andrew , Petatán Ramírez David , Olivier Damien , Gonzalez Armas Rogelio , Pancaldi Francesca , Galvan‐Magana Felipe
Published: July 2019

The number of individual whale sharkRhincodon typussightings registered October 2015–March 2018 in Bahia de La Paz, Mexico, ranged from 73 to 129 animals per season (total 1662), with the majority of them identified as males. Density plot maps showed high correlations in sightings between sample seasons and revealed potential hotspot areas. Our study provides an essential baseline of information for the management of whale shark conservation and the associated touristic activities in the region.
Effect of probiotic and prebiotic versus placebo on appetite in patients with major depressive disorder: post hoc analysis of a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Kazemi A. , Noorbala A. A. , Djafarian K.
Published: July 2019

Background

Poor appetite and weight loss are common in melancholic depression. Probiotics and prebiotics have the capacity to affect host behaviour, appetite and weight change by modulating the gut microbiome. The aim of this post hoc analysis was to investigate the effect of supplementation with probiotic and prebiotic on appetite, in parallel with body mass index (BMI), weight and energy intake, in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).

Methods

We extracted data from a clinical trial with 81 patients. The participants were randomly assigned to receive probiotic (Lactobacillus helveticus and Bifidobacterium longum), prebiotic (galactooligosaccharide) or placebo for 8 weeks. Appetite, weight, BMI, dietary intake, serum leptin and physical activity were measured. Subjective appetite rating was evaluated every 2 weeks using visual analogue scales (VAS) to assess satiety, hunger, fullness and desire to eat. Serum leptin was measured by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Physical activity was measured using the international physical activity questionnaire. A repeated measures analysis of variance model was used to analyse VAS data and analysis of variance/analysis of covariance models for dietary intake, BMI, weight and leptin data.

Results

VAS data analyses indicated no significant intervention–time interactions but did show a significant increase over time for desire to eat within the probiotic group (P = 0.025). No significant difference in either BMI or weight was seen among the groups. Energy intake and leptin were significantly increased in the probiotic group compared to the prebiotic.

Conclusions

Overall, probiotic supplementation for 8 weeks among MDD patients resulted in improvement of appetite, whereas prebiotic administration had no significant effect on appetite.
The Periodontal‐Cardiovascular alliance: Evaluation of miRNA‐146a in subgingival plaque samples of chronic periodontitis patients with and without coronary heart disease
Authors: Yagnik Krutika , Mahendra Jaideep , Kurian V. M.
Published: July 2019

Aim

To quantify the levels of miRNA‐146a in subgingival plaque samples, and correlate with periodontal and cardiac parameters, in chronic periodontitis patients with and without coronary heart disease.

Methods

The study involved 90 subjects; 30 patients with chronic periodontitis and coronary heart disease (CP + CHD) as part of Group I; group II comprising 30 with chronic periodontitis alone (CP); and group III comprising 30 systemically healthy controls. Demographic variables, periodontal parameters such as plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment levels, cardiac parameters such as total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein, low‐density lipoprotein, triglyceride levels, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were recorded from the patients. miRNA‐146a level was analyzed in subgingival plaque samples by real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay and correlated with periodontal and cardiac parameters.

Results

miRNA‐146a showed the highest levels in the CP + CHD group and also showed a positive correlation with body mass index, and periodontal and cardiac parameters.

Conclusion

miRNA‐146a is involved in the pathogenesis of both periodontitis and coronary heart disease.
High‐Definition Zoom Mode: A High Resolution X‐ray Microscope for Neurointerventional Treatment Procedures
Authors: Setlur Nagesh Swetadri Vasan , Vakharia Kunal , Waqas Muhammad , Fennell Vernard S. , Atwal Gursant S. , Shallwani Hussain , Bednarek Daniel R. , Davies Jason M. , Snyder Kenneth V. , Mokin Maxim , Rudin Stephen , Levy Elad I. , Siddiqui Adnan H.
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

Visualization of structural details of treatment devices during neurointerventional procedures can be challenging. A new true two‐resolution imaging X‐ray detector system features a 194 µm pixel conventional flat‐panel detector (FPD) mode and a 76 µm pixel high‐resolution high‐definition (Hi‐Def) zoom mode in one detector panel. The Hi‐Def zoom mode was developed for use in interventional procedures requiring superior image quality over a small field of view (FOV). We report successful use of this imaging system during intracranial aneurysm treatment in 1 patient with a Pipeline‐embolization device and 1 patient with a low‐profile visualized intramural support (LVIS Blue) device plus adjunctive coiling.

METHODS

A guide catheter was advanced from the femoral artery insertion site to the proximity of each lesion using standard FPD mode. Under magnified small FOV Hi‐Def imaging mode, an intermediate catheter and microcatheters were guided to the treatment site, and the PED and LVIS Blue plus coils were deployed. Radiation doses were tracked intraprocedurally.

RESULTS

Critical details, including structural changes in the PED and LVIS Blue and position and movement of the microcatheter tip within the coil mass, were more readily apparent in Hi‐Def mode. Skin‐dose mapping indicated that Hi‐Def mode limited radiation exposure to the smaller FOV of the treatment area.

CONCLUSIONS

Visualization of device structures was much improved in the high‐resolution Hi‐Def mode, leading to easier, more controlled deployment of stents and coils than conventional FPD mode.
Melatonin prevents cadmium‐induced bone damage: First evidence on an improved osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation balance of mesenchymal stem cells as underlying mechanism
Authors: Knani Latifa , Bartolini Desirée , Kechiche Safa , Tortoioli Cristina , Murdolo Giuseppe , Moretti Massimo , Messaoudi Imed , Reiter Russel J. , Galli Francesco
Published: July 2019

Melatonin (MLT) plays a role in preserving bone health, a function that may depend on homeostatic effects on both mature osteoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of the bone tissue. In this study, these functions of MLT have been investigated in rat bone (femur) and in human adipose MSC (hMSC) during chronic exposure to low‐grade cadmium (Cd) toxicity, a serious public health concern. The in vivo findings demonstrate that MLT protects against Cd‐induced bone metabolism disruption and accumulation of bone marrow adipocytes, a cue of impaired osteogenic potential of skeletal MSC niches. This latter symptom was recapitulated in hMSCs in which Cd toxicity stimulated adipogenic differentiation. MLT was found to rescue, at least in part, the osteogenic differentiation properties of these cells. This study reports on a new bone cytoprotection function of MLT pertinent to Cd toxicity and its interfering effect on skeletal MSC differentiation properties that is worth investigating for its possible impact on human bone pathophysiology.
Future Avenues for Educational Neuroscience From the Perspective of EARLI SIG 22 Conference Attendees
Authors: Brookman‐Byrne Annie , Commissar Lia
Published: July 2019

The 2018 EARLI SIG 22 Neuroscience and Education conference aimed to facilitate the discussion and sharing of research and translation in educational neuroscience. In this article, we first describe and evaluate the approach taken in organizing the conference, which followed recommendations from the educational neuroscience community. We then summarize responses to a survey that captured delegates' visions of research and translation, their intentions following the conference, and the support they need moving forward. From 88 completed surveys, we first note a common desire for more discussions and collaborations across disciplines, and between teachers and researchers. We highlight particularly novel ideas that are not frequently addressed in the community so far, including discussion of ethical issues, inclusion of learners in research development, open resources for teacher training in neuroscience, and mentoring networks for community members. In sharing these ideas, we highlight future directions for the field as it continues to develop.
Reference and the ambiguity of truth‐value judgments
Authors: Domaneschi Filippo , Vignolo Massimiliano
Published: July 2019

Martí argued that referential intuitions are not the right kind of empirical evidence for testing theories of reference. Machery, Olivola, and De Blanc replied with a survey aimed at providing evidence that referential intuitions are in sync with truth‐value judgments and argued that truth‐value judgments provide empirical data from linguistic usage. We present the results of a survey indicating that Machery, Olivola, and De Blanc's experiment fails to overcome Martí's objection: The truth‐value judgements tested by Machery, Olivola, and De Blanc do not provide data relevant for testing theories of reference.
Determinants of target prioritization and regulatory hierarchy for the bacterial small RNA SgrS
Authors: Bobrovskyy Maksym , Azam Muhammad S. , Frandsen Jane K. , Zhang Jichuan , Poddar Anustup , Ma Xiangqian , Henkin Tina M. , Ha Taekjip , Vanderpool Carin K.
Published: July 2019

Small RNA (sRNA) regulators promote efficient responses to stress, but the mechanisms for prioritizing target mRNA regulation remain poorly understood. This study examines mechanisms underlying hierarchical regulation by the sRNA SgrS, found in enteric bacteria and produced under conditions of metabolic stress. SgrS posttranscriptionally coordinates a nine‐gene regulon to restore growth and homeostasis. An in vivo reporter system quantified SgrS‐dependent regulation of target genes and established that SgrS exhibits a clear target preference. Regulation of some targets is efficient even at low SgrS levels, whereas higher SgrS concentrations are required to regulate other targets. In vivo and in vitro analyses revealed that RNA structure and the number and position of base pairing sites relative to the start of translation impact the efficiency of regulation of SgrS targets. The RNA chaperone Hfq uses distinct modes of binding to different SgrS mRNA targets, which differentially influences positive and negative regulation. The RNA degradosome plays a larger role in regulation of some SgrS targets compared to others. Collectively, our results suggest that sRNA selection of target mRNAs and regulatory hierarchy are influenced by several molecular features and that the combination of these features precisely tunes the efficiency of regulation of multi‐target sRNA regulons.
Comparison of Transverse Cancellous Lag Screw and Ordinary Cannulated Screw Fixations in Treatment of Vertical Femoral Neck Fractures
Authors: Dong Qiang , Han Zhe , Zhang Yin‐Guang , Sun Xiang , Ma Xin‐Long
Published: July 2019

Objective

To compare the clinical therapeutic effect of transverse cancellous lag screw (TCLS) fixations and ordinary cannulated screw (OCS) fixations for vertical femoral neck fractures.

Methods

A total of 62 eligible patients with an average age of 56.2 years (range, 19–45 years; 40 male and 22 female) with Pauwels’ type III femoral neck fractures were recruited in our study from January 2016 to December 2017. Among the patients, 30 underwent TCLS fixation (TCLS group), and the others were treated with OCS fixation (OCS group). The baseline data, perioperative outcomes (operative time, intra‐operative blood loss, reduction quality, and hospital time), postoperative outcomes evaluated by a variety of scales including visual analogue scale (VAS) score, EuroQol five dimensions questionnaire (EQ‐5D) and Harris hip scores (HHS), and complications (nonunion, femoral head necrosis, femoral neck shortening, and failure of fixation) of the two groups were recorded to compare at 12‐month follow‐up.

Results

The mean follow‐up time of included patients was 13.4 ± 1.6 months in the TCLS group and 13.7 ± 0.9 months in the OCS group. There was no statistically significant difference in the baseline data as well as perioperative outcomes, including operative time, intra‐operative blood loss, the hemoglobin difference before and after treatment, quality of reduction, and hospital time between two groups. Likewise, the VAS score, the EQ‐5D score, and complications rates including nonunion and femoral head necrosis had no distinct difference in two groups. However, HHS in the TCLS group were superior to those in the OCS group at 12‐month follow‐up, and the femoral neck shortening rate was prominently reduced in the TCLS group when compared with the OCS group.

Conclusions

Treating vertical femoral neck fractures with the TCLS technique could significantly improve hip functional recovery and reduce the postoperative femoral neck shortening rate. The present study provides novel insight for the treatment of vertical femoral neck fractures.
The roles of nongovernmental actors in improving compliance with fisheries regulations
Authors: Guggisberg Solène
Published: July 2019

Nongovernmental actors play several important roles in promoting compliance with international fisheries regulations. These roles consist on the one hand in monitoring, investigating and reporting occurrences of illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, and, on the other hand, in direct actions in coastal States’ exclusive economic zones and on the high seas. Some of these actions, in particular data gathering and sharing, fall squarely within the existing regime of the law of the sea. Other actions, such as some types of direct actions on the high seas, may be legally more questionable. In any case, the nongovernmental nature of the actors raises issues of efficiency, accountability, authority and allocation of responsibility. Notwithstanding expected resistance to reform from States and non‐State actors, there is a clear need to adapt and clarify the legal regime, at the risk otherwise of undermining the rule of law.
Global Lung Function Initiative‐2012 ‘other/mixed’ spirometry reference equation provides the best overall fit for Australian Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander children and young adults
Authors: Blake Tamara L. , Chang Anne B. , Chatfield Mark D. , Marchant Julie M. , McElrea Margaret S.
Published: July 2019

Background and objective

Ethnic‐specific reference equations are recommended when performing spirometry. In the absence of appropriate reference equations for Australian Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islanders (Indigenous), we determined whether any of the existing Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI)‐2012 equations were suitable for use in Indigenous children/young adults.

Methods

We performed spirometry on 1278 participants (3–25 years) who were identified as Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islander or ‘both’. Questionnaires and medical records were used to identify ‘healthy’ participants. GLI2012_DataConversion software was used to apply the ‘Caucasian’, ‘African‐American’ and ‘other/mixed’ equations.

Results

We included 930 healthy participants. Mean z‐scores for forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were lower than the Caucasian predicted values (range: −0.53 to −0.60) and higher than African‐American (range: 0.70 to 0.78) but similar to other/mixed (range: 0.00 to 0.08). The distribution of healthy participants around the upper and lower limits of normal (~5%) fit well for the other/mixed equation compared to the Caucasian and African‐American equations.

Conclusion

Of the available GLI‐2012 reference equations, the other/mixed reference equation provides the best overall fit for Indigenous Australian children and young adults (3–25 years). Healthy data from additional communities and adults around Australia will be required to confirm generalizability of findings.
Comprehensive mechanical power analysis in sprint running acceleration
Authors: Pavei Gaspare , Zamparo Paola , Fujii Norihisa , Otsu Takuya , Numazu Naoki , Minetti Alberto E. , Monte Andrea
Published: July 2019

Sprint running is a common feature of many sport activities. The ability of an athlete to cover a distance in the shortest time relies on his/her power production. The aim of this study was to provide an exhaustive description of the mechanical determinants of power output in sprint running acceleration and to check whether a predictive equation for internal power designed for steady locomotion is applicable to sprint running acceleration. Eighteen subjects performed two 20 m sprints in a gym. A 35‐camera motion capture system recorded the 3D motion of the body segments and the body center of mass (BCoM) trajectory was computed. The mechanical power to accelerate and rise BCoM (external power, Pext) and to accelerate the segments with respect to BCoM (internal power, Pint) was calculated. In a 20 m sprint, the power to accelerate the body forward accounts for 50% of total power; Pint accounts for 41% and the power to rise BCoM accounts for 9% of total power. All the components of total mechanical power increase linearly with mean sprint velocity. A published equation for Pint prediction in steady locomotion has been adapted (the compound factor q accounting for the limbs' inertia decreases as a function of the distance within the sprint, differently from steady locomotion) and is still able to predict experimental Pint in a 20 m sprint with a bias of 0.70 ± 0.93 W kg−1. This equation can be used to include Pint also in other methods that estimate external horizontal power only.
If all you have is a hammer, everything looks like a nail: Operationalization matters
Authors: Steidl Christina R. , Werum Regina
Published: July 2019

Operationalization has been the focus of less research than many other methodological topics. In this article, we argue that considering operational decisions is particularly critical for those who study stratification, because measures of inequality often involve multiple layers of operationalization: researchers first decide how to assign individuals to social groups (e.g., race), which are then themselves used to construct measures of group‐level differences and inequality (e.g., racial segregation). We provide examples of this by drawing on contemporary debates about how to operationalize social groups based on class, race, gender, and religion. Then we discuss three examples (religion, racial segregation, and family type) of second layer operationalization decisions, focusing on the consequences of operational decisions for research findings. We conclude by discussing the broader implications of operational decisions, focusing particularly on issues of power and applications for policy makers.
How Do You Solve a Problem Like Subpoenas?
Authors: Lubet Steven
Published: July 2019

Following up on Sociological Forum essays by Shamus Khan and Jack Katz, the author provides a law professor's perspective on the subpoena of ethnographic notes and testimony.
Co‐occurrence of and cross‐informant agreement on shyness, unsociability, and social avoidance during early adolescence
Authors: Eggum‐Wilkens Natalie D. , An Danming , Zhang Linlin , Costa Megan
Published: July 2019

We investigated the co‐occurrence of and cross‐informant agreement on early adolescents’ shyness, unsociability, and avoidance measured by self‐ and peer reports for fifth to eighth graders (N = 383; 51% male) in the United States. Avoidance was significantly and positively associated with shyness and unsociability based on peer reports and self‐reports. Furthermore, 45% and 30% of peer‐ and self‐reported withdrawn adolescents had multiple motivations for withdrawal, suggesting prevalent co‐occurrence of withdrawal subtypes. Cross‐informant agreement was moderate for shyness and weak for unsociability and avoidance. We draw attention to the complexity of motivations underlying withdrawal, theorize about subtype co‐occurrence, and discuss challenges and opportunities related to peer‐reported unsociability and avoidance.
Resilience as the Predictor of Divorcees’ Life Satisfaction
Authors: Celik Metehan , Caglayan Name İmren
Published: July 2019

Objectives

This study aims to investigate individual resilience as the predictor of divorcees’ life satisfaction and to reveal whether there is a significant difference in their life satisfaction caused by variables such as age, educational level, income level, having a child, and the number of children.

Methods

The sample for the research consists of 163 divorcees, aged between 23 and 67, who live in Adana, Turkey. Multiple regression analysis, t‐test for the independent groups, and Kruskal‐Wallis test were used in the data analysis.

Results

It was also found that ambition and personal competence, tolerance of negative conditions, and moral tendency subdimensions of the resilience scale together predicted the level of life satisfaction at a low significance level.

Conclusions

The conclusions indicated that resilience of divorcees predicted their level of life satisfaction at a low significance level.