bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infectious keratoconjunctivitis in semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus): a questionnaire-based study among reindeer herders in Norway and Sweden
Authors: Wallin Philippot Karin , Baron Jerome , Sánchez Romano Javier , Rautiainen Heidi , Frössling Jenny , Nymo Ingebjørg Helena , Persson Ylva , Omazic Anna , Tryland Morten
Published: July 2023

Background

The effects of climate change, loss of pastureland to other land usage and presence of large carnivores are the main reasons for the increase in supplementary feeding of semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in Fennoscandia over the last decades. Feeding might expose reindeer to stress and increased animal-to-animal contact, leading to an increased risk of infectious disease transmission, such as infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC). As it can develop rapidly and be very painful, IKC is described as an important animal welfare concern and a potential source of economic loss. The aim of this study was to investigate the current presence of IKC and potential associations between IKC and supplementary feeding through an online questionnaire survey, distributed among reindeer herders in Norway and Sweden in 2021.

Results

Seventy-six reindeer herders (33 from Norway and 43 from Sweden) responded to the questionnaire, representing 6% and 4% of the registered reindeer herding groups in Norway and Sweden, respectively. Infectious keratoconjunctivitis was common, with 54 (71%) of the 76 herders that responded having observed clinical signs during the past 10 years. These signs were mainly observed as increased lacrimation, causing “wet cheeks”, but also as keratitis and conjunctivitis. Autumn and winter were the seasons in which IKC was observed most. The herders reported several measures, such as slaughter and isolation of affected reindeer, to counteract the spread of disease. The herding year 2019/2020 was associated with reports of outbreaks of IKC in herds as well as being the herding year where most herders (80%) had performed supplementary feeding. A significant association was found between IKC and feeding performed in an enclosure (odds ratio = 15.20), while feeding on free-range areas had a non-significant, negative, relationship with the appearance of IKC outbreaks (odds ratio = 0.29). Finally, there was a trend in the data suggesting that IKC affected calves especially.

Conclusions

Infectious keratoconjunctivitis is a common disease, mainly observed in winter and autumn. It usually has mild to moderately severe clinical signs. Our results imply that IKC is associated with stress and feeding situations and that calves might be more susceptible than adults, however, this needs to be confirmed with further studies, preferably at an individual animal level.
rWTC-MBTA: autologous vaccine prevents metastases via antitumor immune responses
Authors: Ye Juan , Wang Herui , Medina Rogelio , Chakraborty Samik , Sun Mitchell , Valenzuela Alex , Sang Xueyu , Zhang Yaping , Uher Ondrej , Zenka Jan , Pacak Karel , Zhuang Zhengping
Published: July 2023

Background

Autologous tumor cell-based vaccines (ATVs) aim to prevent and treat tumor metastasis by activating patient-specific tumor antigens to induce immune memory. However, their clinical efficacy is limited. Mannan-BAM (MB), a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), can coordinate an innate immune response that recognizes and eliminates mannan-BAM-labeled tumor cells. TLR agonists and anti-CD40 antibodies (TA) can enhance the immune response by activating antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to present tumor antigens to the adaptive immune system. In this study, we investigated the efficacy and mechanism of action of rWTC-MBTA, an autologous whole tumor cell vaccine consisting of irradiated tumor cells (rWTC) pulsed with mannan-BAM, TLR agonists, and anti-CD40 antibody (MBTA), in preventing tumor metastasis in multiple animal models.

Methods

The efficacy of the rWTC-MBTA vaccine was evaluated in mice using breast (4T1) and melanoma (B16-F10) tumor models via subcutaneous and intravenous injection of tumor cells to induce metastasis. The vaccine’s effect was also assessed in a postoperative breast tumor model (4T1) and tested in autologous and allogeneic syngeneic breast tumor models (4T1 and EMT6). Mechanistic investigations included immunohistochemistry, immunophenotyping analysis, ELISA, tumor-specific cytotoxicity testing, and T-cell depletion experiments. Biochemistry testing and histopathology of major tissues in vaccinated mice were also evaluated for potential systemic toxicity of the vaccine.

Results

The rWTC-MBTA vaccine effectively prevented metastasis and inhibited tumor growth in breast tumor and melanoma metastatic animal models. It also prevented tumor metastasis and prolonged survival in the postoperative breast tumor animal model. Cross-vaccination experiments revealed that the rWTC-MBTA vaccine prevented autologous tumor growth, but not allogeneic tumor growth. Mechanistic data demonstrated that the vaccine increased the percentage of antigen-presenting cells, induced effector and central memory cells, and enhanced CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses. T-cells obtained from mice that were vaccinated displayed tumor-specific cytotoxicity, as shown by enhanced tumor cell killing in co-culture experiments, accompanied by increased levels of Granzyme B, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and CD107a in T-cells. T-cell depletion experiments showed that the vaccine’s antitumor efficacy depended on T-cells, especially CD4+ T-cells. Biochemistry testing and histopathology of major tissues in vaccinated mice revealed negligible systemic toxicity of the vaccine.

Conclusion

The rWTC-MBTA vaccine demonstrated efficacy in multiple animal models through T-cell mediated cytotoxicity and has potential as a therapeutic option for preventing and treating tumor metastasis with minimal systemic toxicity.
Indole-based FLT3 inhibitors and related scaffolds as potential therapeutic agents for acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Ezelarab Hend A. A. , Ali Taha F. S. , Abbas Samar H. , Hassan Heba A. , Beshr Eman A. M.
Published: July 2023

Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutation mechanisms are among the most common genetic abnormalities detected in about 30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. These mutations are accompanied by poor clinical response, although all these progressions in identifying and interpreting biological AML bio-targets. Several small structured FLT3 inhibitors have been ameliorated to struggle against AML. Despite all these developments regarding these inhibitors, the Overall survival rate is about five years or more in less than one-third of diagnosed AML patients. Midostaurin was the first FDA-approved FLT3 inhibitor in 2017 in the United States and Europe for AML remedy. Next, Gilteritinib was an FDA-approved FLT3 inhibitor in 2018 and in the next year, Quizartinib was approved an as FLT3 inhibitor in Japan. Interestingly, indole-based motifs had risen as advantaged scaffolds with unusual multiple kinase inhibitory activity. This review summarises indole-based FLT3 inhibitors and related scaffolds, including FDA-approved drugs, clinical candidates, and other bioactive compounds. Furthermore, their chemotypes, mechanism of action, and interaction mode over both wild and mutated FLT3 target proteins had been judgmentally discussed. Therefore, this review could offer inspiring future perspectives into the finding of new FLT3-related AML therapies.
Dihydromyricetin inhibits African swine fever virus replication by downregulating toll-like receptor 4-dependent pyroptosis in vitro
Authors: Chen Yang , Song Zebu , Chang Hao , Guo Yanchen , Wei Zhi , Sun Yankuo , Gong Lang , Zheng Zezhong , Zhang Guihong
Published: July 2023

African swine fever (ASF), caused by ASF virus (ASFV) infection, poses a huge threat to the pork industry owing to ineffective preventive and control measures. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop strategies, including antiviral drugs targeting ASFV, for preventing ASFV spread. This study aimed to identify novel compounds with anti-ASFV activity. To this end, we screened a small chemical library of 102 compounds, among which the natural flavonoid dihydromyricetin (DHM) exhibited the most potent anti-ASFV activity. DHM treatment inhibited ASFV replication in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, it inhibited porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and swine influenza virus replication, which suggested that DHM exerts broad-spectrum antiviral effects. Mechanistically, DHM treatment inhibited ASFV replication in various ways in the time-to-addition assay, including pre-, co-, and post-treatment. Moreover, DHM treatment reduced the levels of ASFV-induced inflammatory mediators by regulating the TLR4/MyD88/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Meanwhile, DHM treatment reduced the ASFV-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species, further minimizing pyroptosis by inhibiting the ASFV-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Interestingly, the effects of DHM on ASFV were partly reversed by treatment with polyphyllin VI (a pyroptosis agonist) and RS 09 TFA (a TLR4 agonist), suggesting that DHM inhibits pyroptosis by regulating TLR4 signaling. Furthermore, targeting TLR4 with resatorvid (a specific inhibitor of TLR4) and small interfering RNA against TLR4 impaired ASFV replication. Taken together, these results reveal the anti-ASFV activity of DHM and the underlying mechanism of action, providing a potential compound for developing antiviral drugs targeting ASFV.
The role of constructive patriotism in the relationship of basic human values and active citizenship for emerging adults in Türkiye
Authors: Elban Mehmet , Aslan Selçuk
Published: July 2023

Active citizenship is closely related to basic human values and patriotism, but empirical studies have lacked investigating these variables holistically. Likewise, the mediating role of patriotism between basic human values and active citizenship seems neglected. In this context, the current study examined the relationships between basic human values, patriotism, and active citizenship by grounding upon basic human values, individualism, and collectivism theories. Results revealed that constructive patriotism positively predicted all dimensions of active citizenship (political literacy, participation and protest, and social responsibility) and mediated the relationships between basic human values and active citizenship. Additionally, while stimulation and self-direction individual values, including motivational goals such as challenges in life, independent thought, and autonomy, were associated with the individual aspect of active citizenship (protest and individual responsibility), the values based on equality (benevolence) were related with the collectivist aspect of active citizenship (participation and social responsibility). One of the most influential findings was that the universalism value could only associate positively with active citizenship through constructive patriotism. Another impressive culture-specific result was that the political literacy dimension of active citizenship was positively related to power, which includes the goal of achieving individual success and dominating others. It can be evaluated as Turkish culture is more of a vertical collectivist because, historically and sociologically, a way of gaining power and status has been possible with politics and its cognitive equivalent, political literacy. The study also revealed that active citizenship is promoted through individual values based upon an individual’s independent choices and collectivist values that support societal interests based on equality. In summary, the research mainly revealed that active citizenship is sustained by both individualist values (stimulation, self-direction) and collectivist values (universalism, benevolence), and constructive patriotism has a critical mediating role. Implications of the results were discussed with the relevant literature.
Rare case of pediatric calcaneal osteosarcoma masquerading as a cystic lesion
Authors: Alexander Alan , Tsui Brian
Published: July 2023

Background

Although osteosarcoma remains the most common primary malignant neoplasm in the bone in the pediatric age group, involvement of the foot is extremely rare.

Case presentation

Our case demonstrates what appeared to be a bone cyst of the calcaneus at an outside institution after injury to the ankle. The patient was sent to our institution for further workup where a Computed Tomography scan revealed a permeative lytic lesion with faint calcifications. Based on our patient’s radiograph, an aneurysmal bone cyst might be included in the differential diagnosis. A telangiectatic osteosarcoma can also demonstrate a cystic and lytic appearance on radiographs. Interestingly biopsy confirmed our patient had an osteoblastic osteosarcoma.

Conclusions

A high degree of suspicion is often necessary for diagnosis of calcaneal osteosarcoma, especially in the setting of injury, and should not be overlooked.
Key Molecules in Bladder Cancer Affect Patient Prognosis and Immunotherapy Efficacy: Further Exploration for CNTN1 and EMP1
Authors: Zhou Tailai , Chen Hengxin , Wang Yinzhao , Wen Sijie , Dao Pinghong , Chen Minfeng
Published: July 2023

PURPOSE

Immunotherapy has been widely used in bladder cancer (BCa) in recent years and has significantly improved the prognosis of patients with BCa. However, further identification of immunotherapy-sensitive individuals to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy remains an important unmet need.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The key genes were screened and identified from Gene Expression Omnibus database and The Cancer Genome Atlas database to construct the risk prediction function (risk scores). Real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and IMvigor210 data sets were used to verify the roles of key molecules and efficacy of risk scores. The biologic function of CNTN1 and EMP1 was further explored through cell proliferation experiments.

RESULTS

Five key genes, CNTN1, MAP1A, EMP1, MFAP5, and PTGIS, which were significantly related to the prognosis and immune checkpoint molecules of patients, were screened out. CNTN1 and EMP1 were further experimentally confirmed for their significant tumor-promoting effects. Besides, the constructed risk scores on the basis of these five key genes can accurately predict the prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy of patients with BCa. Interestingly, the high-risk patients identified by the risk scores have significantly worse prognosis and immunotherapy effects than low-risk patients.

CONCLUSION

The key genes we screened can affect the prognosis of BCa, tumor microenvironment immune infiltration, and the efficacy of immunotherapy. The risk scores tool we constructed will contribute to the development of individualized treatment for BCa.
Obesity and Skeletal Fragility
Authors: Chen Rui , Armamento-Villareal Reina
Published: July 2023

Skeletal fracture has recently emerged as a complication of obesity. Given the normal or better than normal bone mineral density (BMD), the skeletal fragility of these patients appears to be a problem of bone quality rather than quantity. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the incidence of which increases with increasing body mass index, is also associated with an increased risk for fractures despite a normal or high BMD. With the additional bone pathology from diabetes itself, patients with both obesity and T2DM could have a worse skeletal profile. Clinically, however, there are no available methods for identifying those who are at higher risk for fractures or preventing fractures in this subgroup of patients. Weight loss, which is the cornerstone in the management of obesity (with or without T2DM), is also associated with an increased risk of bone loss. This review of the literature will focus on the skeletal manifestations associated with obesity, its interrelationship with the bone defects associated with T2DM, and the available approach to the bone health of patients suffering from obesity.
At the Pivot of East and West
Authors: Fischer Michael M. J.
Published: July 2023

In At the Pivot of East and West, Michael M. J. Fischer examines documentary filmmaking and literature from Southeast Asia and Singapore for their para-ethnographic insights into politics, culture, and aesthetics. Women novelists—Lydia Kwa, Laksmi Pamuntjak, Sandi Tan, Jing Jing Lee, and Danielle Lim—renarrate Southeast Asian generational and political worlds as gendered psychodramas, while filmmakers Tan Pin Pin and Daniel Hui use film to probe into what can better be seen beyond textual worlds. Other writers like Daren Goh, Kevin Martens Wong, and Nuraliah Norasid reinvent the detective story for the age of artificial intelligence, use monsters to reimagine the Southeast Asian archipelago, and critique racism and the erasure of ethnic cultural histories. Continuing his project of applying anthropological thinking to the creative arts, Fischer exemplifies how art and fiction trace the ways in which taken-for-granted common sense changes over time, speak to the transnational present, and track signals of the future before they surface in public awareness.
Volumetric Assessment of Nonfunctional Pituitary Adenoma Treated With Stereotactic Radiosurgery: An Assessment of Long-Term Response
Authors: Dayawansa Sam , Abbas Salma O. , Mantziaris Georgios , Dumot Chloe , Donahue Joseph H. , Sheehan Jason P.
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is widely used to manage recurrent or residual nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs). Studies on the long-term volumetric response of NFPAs to SRS are lacking. Such a post-SRS volumetric study will allow us to set up appropriate radiographic follow-up protocols and predict tumor volumetric response.

METHODS:

Two providers independently performed volumetric analyses on 54 patients who underwent single-session SRS for a recurrent/residual NFPA. In the case of discrepancy between their results, the final volume was confirmed by an independent third provider. Volumetry was performed on the 1-, 3-, 5-, 7-, and 10-year follow-up neuroimaging studies.

RESULTS:

Most patients showed a favorable volumetric response, with 87% (47/54) showing tumor regression and 13% (7/54) showing tumor stability at 10 years. Year 3 post-SRS volumetric results correlated (R2 = 0.82, 0.63, 0.56) with 5-, 7-, and 10-year outcomes. The mean interval volumetric reduction was 17% on year 1; further interval volumetric reduction was 17%, 9%, 4%, and 9% on years 3, 5, 7, and 10, respectively.

CONCLUSION:

Year 3 post-SRS volumetric response of patients with residual or recurrent NFPAs is predictive of their 7–10-year follow-up response. For patients demonstrating NFPA regression in the first 1–3 years, interval follow-up MRI's can likely be performed at 2-year periods unless otherwise clinically indicated. Further studies are needed to better define the volumetric response to adenomas more than a decade after SRS.
Multi-level Fgf4- and apoptosis-dependent regulatory mechanism ensures the plasticity of ESC-chimaeric mouse embryo
Authors: Soszyńska Anna , Filimonow Katarzyna , Wigger Magdalena , Wołukanis Katarzyna , Gross Alicja , Szczepańska Katarzyna , Suwińska Aneta
Published: July 2023

The preimplantation mammalian (including mouse and human) embryo holds remarkable regulatory abilities, which have found their application, for example, in the preimplantation genetic diagnosis of human embryos. Another manifestation of this developmental plasticity is the possibility of obtaining chimaeras by combining either two embryos or embryos and pluripotent stem cells, which enables the verification of the cell pluripotency and generation of genetically modified animals used to elucidate gene function. Using mouse chimaeric embryos (constructed by injection of embryonic stem cells into the eight-cell embryos) as a tool, we aimed to explore the mechanisms underlying the regulatory nature of the preimplantation mouse embryo. We comprehensively demonstrated the functioning of a multi-level regulatory mechanism involving FGF4/MAPK signalling as a leading player in the communication between both components of the chimaera. This pathway, coupled with apoptosis, the cleavage division pattern and cell cycle duration controlling the size of the embryonic stem cell component and giving it a competitive advantage over host embryo blastomeres, provides a cellular and molecular basis for regulative development, ensuring the generation of the embryo characterised by proper cellular composition.
A Self-Floating Robust Polyaniline-Wood Composite Fabricated by One-Step In-Situ Polymerization for High-Performance Solar Steam Generation
Authors: Meng Taotao , Li Zhengtong , Wang Luzhen , Shi Kangjie , Bu Xiangting , Alshehri Saad M , Bando Yoshio , Yamauchi Yusuke , Li Dagang , Xu Xingtao
Published: July 2023

Owing to their cost-effectiveness and renewability, wood-based solar steam generators (WSSG) have gained prominence in the field of desalination and water purification. However, conventional bi-layered WSSG is limited by the high energy consumption of fabrication and low strength of the bonding interface, which makes them unsuitable for long-term applications. Here, a unique bi-layered structural composite with polyaniline (PANI) nanorods uniformly incorporated into a 3D mesoporous matrix of natural wood was fabricated via a one-step in-situ polymerization strategy. The PANI decorated wood (PANI-wood) shows ultrahigh sunlight absorptance (∼98.9%) over a broad wavelength range (200–2500 nm) due to the conjugation of coralloid PANI nanorods and wood. Moreover, numerous aligned wood microchannels enable constant and rapid water transport at the air-water interface under the pressure of capillary forces. The highly stable PANI-wood composite shows high potential as an ideal solar steam generator with a high evaporation rate of 1.62 kg m2 h−1, which is significantly higher than those of other previously reported wood-based bi-layered composites. Moreover, PANI-wood exhibits long-term floating and is chemically stable, making it a potential candidate for low-energy photothermal interfacial sewage purification.
Ampliando discussões sobre a Interdisciplinaridade na História da Ciência a partir de Reflexões Tecidas na Formação de Futuros Professores de Química
Authors: Gomes Rodrigo Da Vitória , Sivico Mayki Jardim , Mendes Ana Nery Furlan
Published: July 2023

O presente trabalho traduz uma discussão que norteia a História da Ciência a luz da interdisciplinaridade. Nesse sentido, refuta-se a necessidade de discutir que o conhecimento interdisciplinar deve permear o Ensino, seja ele na Educação Básica ou a nível superior, no intuito de priorizar a construção do conhecimento científico nesses espaços. A partir de um curso de formação Inicial sobre a História da Ciência no Ensino de Química, a pesquisa objetiva avaliar as concepções iniciais de Ciência em uma perspectiva de interligação entre a ciência, a tecnologia e a sociedade, bem como revelar algumas concepções dos futuros docentes sobre a construção da Ciência e do conhecimento científico. O diálogo construído a partir dos resultados norteiam a necessidade da inserção da História da Ciência em uma abordagem interdisciplinar no currículo, ampliando horizontes para a construção e mediação das aprendizagens a partir da própria natureza desse conhecimento científico.
Percepção de discentes acerca do uso das redes sociais como ferramenta de ensino nas monitorias de biologia celular e bioquímica para estudantes de cursos da saúde: um relato de experiência
Authors: Silva Isabela De Lima da , Bezerra Emilly Holanda , Silva Cruz Lyllian Ramos da , Brito Adriana Da Silva
Published: July 2023

O estudo objetiva relatar a experiência de discentes que atuaram como monitores no projeto “Expansão da Monitoria Virtual em Bioquímica e Biologia Celular: a criação de vídeos e a utilização de redes sociais como ferramentas didático-pedagógicas”, o qual utilizou as redes sociais como estratégia de ensino nas disciplinas de Bioquímica e Biologia Celular, ofertadas aos cursos de graduação da Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde do Trairi (FACISA/UFRN). Houve a criação de materiais didáticos visuais em formato de publicações, utilizando a plataforma de design Canva®, os quais, posteriormente, foram publicados na rede social Instagram®, por meio do perfil “@meetabolizando”.  Além das publicações, foram elaborados guias de estudos, bem como quizzes na plataforma de gamificação Kahoot®, e estabelecidos plantões de dúvidas utilizando a rede social WhatsApp® e a plataforma de videochamadas Google Meet®. Como resultados, o projeto de ensino produziu publicações como conteúdo para Instagram®, onde os discentes participaram por meio de curtidas e salvando as publicações, bem como participação nos quizzes, enquetes e plantões de dúvidas. Os resultados corroboram com os achados na literatura, que sugerem que as metodologias ativas tornam o discente protagonista do seu próprio aprendizado, e não somente agente passivo da construção de sua formação acadêmica. As estratégias utilizadas pelo projeto de monitoria contribuíram para a construção do conhecimento e rendimento nas disciplinas, bem como para a formação acadêmica dos discentes, despertando o interesse pela docência.
Space to be
Authors: Mountain Julie
Published: July 2023

Julie Mountain visits past Nursery World award winners to discover how to resource and lead a high quality ‘wild’ space outdoors
Invest in yourself
Authors: Hill Kelly
Published: July 2023

How can early years leaders obtain the level of expertise required to manage a setting effectively? Kelly Hill explores the CPD opportunities for enhancing leadership skills
Safer practices part 1: Active care
Authors: Rawstrone Annette
Published: July 2023

In the first of a six part series providing a guide to key safety practices, Annette Rawstrone sets the scene and explores the current challenges
The Iteration Generation
Authors: Nathan Stuart
Published: July 2023

Bringing some of the key advantages of additive manufacturing to conventional manufacturing, generative design has the promise of optimised properties and striking shapes, writes
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the distal common bile duct: Literature review with focus on pathological examination
Authors: Cordier Fleur , Hoorens Anne , Ferdinande Liesbeth , Van Dorpe Jo , Creytens David
Published: July 2023

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) of the biliary tract is rare, and often difficult to diagnose or to distinguish from other tumors due to its atypical clinical presentation and nonspecific radiological features. Histologically, IMTs are (myo)fibroblastic neoplasms with a prominent inflammatory infiltrate. They are characterized by receptor tyrosine kinase gene rearrangements, most often involving an anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK ) translocation. The final diagnosis of IMT depends on histopathology and immunohistochemical examination. In this manuscript, we provide a clinical and morphomolecular overview of IMT and the difficulties that may arise in using immunohistochemical and molecular techniques in diagnosing IMT.
Diagnostic value of preoperative examination for evaluating margin status in breast cancer
Authors: Liu Peng , Zhao Ye , Rong Dong-Dong , Li Kai-Fu , Wang Ya-Jun , Zhao Jing , Kang Hua
Published: July 2023

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) of the biliary tract is rare, and often difficult to diagnose or to distinguish from other tumors due to its atypical clinical presentation and nonspecific radiological features. Histologically, IMTs are (myo)fibroblastic neoplasms with a prominent inflammatory infiltrate. They are characterized by receptor tyrosine kinase gene rearrangements, most often involving an anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK ) translocation. The final diagnosis of IMT depends on histopathology and immunohistochemical examination. In this manuscript, we provide a clinical and morphomolecular overview of IMT and the difficulties that may arise in using immunohistochemical and molecular techniques in diagnosing IMT.
Microwave ablation of solitary T1N0M0 papillary thyroid carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Dionísio Teresa , Lajut Leando , Sousa Filipa , Violante Liliana , Sousa Pedro
Published: July 2023

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) of the biliary tract is rare, and often difficult to diagnose or to distinguish from other tumors due to its atypical clinical presentation and nonspecific radiological features. Histologically, IMTs are (myo)fibroblastic neoplasms with a prominent inflammatory infiltrate. They are characterized by receptor tyrosine kinase gene rearrangements, most often involving an anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK ) translocation. The final diagnosis of IMT depends on histopathology and immunohistochemical examination. In this manuscript, we provide a clinical and morphomolecular overview of IMT and the difficulties that may arise in using immunohistochemical and molecular techniques in diagnosing IMT.
Pretreatment with a modified St. Thomas' solution in patients with severe upper limb injuries: Four case reports
Authors: Sun Zhong-Yang , Li Li-Yi , Xing Jian-Xin , Tong Liang-Cheng , Li Ying
Published: July 2023

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) of the biliary tract is rare, and often difficult to diagnose or to distinguish from other tumors due to its atypical clinical presentation and nonspecific radiological features. Histologically, IMTs are (myo)fibroblastic neoplasms with a prominent inflammatory infiltrate. They are characterized by receptor tyrosine kinase gene rearrangements, most often involving an anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK ) translocation. The final diagnosis of IMT depends on histopathology and immunohistochemical examination. In this manuscript, we provide a clinical and morphomolecular overview of IMT and the difficulties that may arise in using immunohistochemical and molecular techniques in diagnosing IMT.
Unexpected diffuse lung lesions in a patient with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: A case report
Authors: Jian Li , Zhao Qi-Quan
Published: July 2023

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) of the biliary tract is rare, and often difficult to diagnose or to distinguish from other tumors due to its atypical clinical presentation and nonspecific radiological features. Histologically, IMTs are (myo)fibroblastic neoplasms with a prominent inflammatory infiltrate. They are characterized by receptor tyrosine kinase gene rearrangements, most often involving an anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK ) translocation. The final diagnosis of IMT depends on histopathology and immunohistochemical examination. In this manuscript, we provide a clinical and morphomolecular overview of IMT and the difficulties that may arise in using immunohistochemical and molecular techniques in diagnosing IMT.
Are you borderline or did you grow up without a racial identity? Black mixed-race identity disturbance and an unstable sense of self
Authors: Lovelock Cassandra
Published: July 2023

This article draws on the lived experience of the author to discuss the Black mixed-raced experience of being diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD), particularly in relation to the BPD symptom of troubled identities. This article argues that what psychiatry pathologises as a troubled identity within BPD is actually an everyday experience for a mixed-race person growing up between cultures. This article goes on to discuss Black mixed-race people’s identity through a lens of performativity, how this presents and is weaponised in psychiatry, and why it is important for psychiatry to understand Black mixed-race identities.
The Multivalence of Crowds
Authors: Heaney Michael T.
Published: July 2023

Abstract: Crowds have diverse meanings and serve varied functions for their participants and observers. To make sense of this diversity, the ontology of crowds can be understood through two dimensions: (1) global/collective processes versus local/individual processes; and (2) symbolic benefits/costs versus concrete benefits/costs. Combining these dimensions yields four ideal types: crowds as symbols, crowds as identities, crowds as networks, and crowds as power. This essay explores how people relate to crowds from these perspectives and the political implications of their doing so.
The Dynamic Context of Transformations through Crowds and Collective Action
Authors: Vestergren Sara , Gülsüm Acar Yasemin
Published: July 2023

Abstract: Historically, social psychologists have conceptualized the crowd and its members as mindless and irrational. More recent research has emphasized the crowd as an agentic space that offers both emergence and endurance of psychological transformations, as related to social identity. Using a social identity approach, models have taken the social context (inter- and intragroup interaction) into account to explain transformations through crowd participation. We argue for the need to include wider contextual dimensions (including physical, political, and economic) to understand crowd participation and transformative dynamics through collective action across geographical, ideological, and state contexts.
Emblems of Authority, Symbols of Protest: Crowds and the Materiality of Their Signs
Authors: Gabowitsch Mischa
Published: July 2023

Abstract: This essay explores the relationship between the materiality of signs, crowds, and community, focusing on the territory of the former Russian Empire. The first part traces how emblems of authority carried in crowds have evolved from medieval war flags and gonfalons to twentieth-century military distinctions. The ease of production and distribution in the post-Soviet era ushered in symbolic inflation, prompting state attempts to reestablish control over the meaning of such signs. The second part looks at material markers of dissent since the late imperial era, and argues that the individualized production of protest signs in the twenty-first century has fractured protest communities, and discusses recent examples of collective sign-making as attempts to reestablish protest communities in new form.
Using deep learning to automatically generate design starting points for free-form imaging optical systems: retraction
Authors: Fan Chengxiang , Yang Bo , Liu Yunpeng , Zhao Qianyang , Chen Shishuang , Qian Bowen
Published: July 2023

The referenced article [Appl. Opt. 61, 6241 (2022)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.460977] has been retracted by the authors.
Extended L-band 4-Core Er/Yb co-doped fiber amplifier based on 1018 nm cladding pumping
Authors: He Le , Qiu Qiang , Yin Xiaoke , Gu Zhimu , Liu Shaokun , Li Wenzhen , Xing Yingbin , Chu Yingbo , Dai Nengli , Li Jinyan
Published: July 2023

The extended L-band 4-core Er/Yb co-doped fiber and amplifier (MC-EYDFA) is first proposed and demonstrated, to the best of our knowledge, for space division multiplexing combined with wavelength division multiplexing application. The fiber core co-doped with Er/Yb/P is adopted for bandwidth expansion, and the long wavelength extends to 1625 nm. Numerical simulations further show that efficient amplification and higher saturation power are achieved with the 1018 nm cladding pumping. Based on the integrated 4-core fiber amplifier, an average gain of ∼22 dB covering 1575-1625 nm is experimentally obtained with a 4 W pump power and a 3 dBm total signal power, and the max core-dependent gain (CDG) variation is measured to be 1.7 dB.
Mindfulness supports emotional resilience in children during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Treves Isaac N. , Li Cindy E. , Wang Kimberly L. , Ozernov-Palchik Ola , Olson Halie A. , Gabrieli John D. E.
Published: July 2023

An important aspect of mental health in children is emotional resilience: the capacity to adapt to, and recover from, stressors and emotional challenges. Variation in trait mindfulness, one’s disposition to attend to experiences with an open and nonjudgmental attitude, may be an important individual difference in children that supports emotional resilience. In this study, we investigated whether trait mindfulness was related to emotional resilience in response to stressful changes in education and home-life during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. We conducted a correlational study examining self-report data from July 2020 to February 2021, from 163 eight-to ten-year-old children living in the US. Higher trait mindfulness scores correlated with less stress, anxiety, depression, and negative affect in children, and lower ratings of COVID-19 impact on their lives. Mindfulness moderated the relationship between COVID-19 child impact and negative affect. Children scoring high on mindfulness showed no correlation between rated COVID-19 impact and negative affect, whereas those who scored low on mindfulness showed a positive correlation between child COVID-19 impact and negative affect. Higher levels of trait mindfulness may have helped children to better cope with a wide range of COVID-19 stressors. Future studies should investigate the mechanisms by which trait mindfulness supports emotional resilience in children.
Leisure-time physical activity and gastric cancer risk: A pooled study within the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project
Authors: Mariani Marco , Pastorino Roberta , Pires Marafon Denise , Johnson Ken C. , Hu Jinfu , Molina de la Torre Antonio Jose , Fernández-Tardón Guillermo , Zaridze David , Maximovich Dmitry , Negri Eva , La Vecchia Carlo , Zhang Zuo-Feng , Kurtz Robert C. , Pelucchi Claudio , Rota Matteo , Boccia Stefania
Published: July 2023

Background

Although physical activity (PA) has been recognized as a favourable factor in the prevention of various diseases, including certain forms of cancer, the relationship between PA and gastric cancer (GC) is not yet fully understood. This study aims to provide data from a pooled analysis of case-control studies within the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project to estimate the association between leisure-time PA and the occurrence of GC.

Methods

Six case-control studies from StoP project collected data on leisure-time PA, for a total of 2,343 cases and 8,614 controls. Subjects were classified into three leisure-time PA categories, either none/low, intermediate or high, based on study-specific tertiles. We used a two-stage approach. Firstly, we applied multivariable logistic regression models to obtain study-specific odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) then, we used a random-effect models to obtain pooled effect estimates. We performed stratified analyses according to demographic, lifestyle and clinical covariates.

Results

The meta-analysis showed ORs of GC with no significant differences between intermediate vs low and high vs low PA level (OR 1.05 [95%CI 0.76–1.45]; OR 1.23 [95%CI 0.78–1.94], respectively). GC risk estimates did not strongly differ across strata of selected covariates except for age ≤ 55 years old (high vs low level: OR 0.72 [95%CI 0.55–0.94]) and for control population-based studies (high vs low level: OR 0.79 [95%CI 0.68–0.93]).

Conclusions

No association was found between leisure time PA and GC, apart from a slight suggestion of decreased risk below age 55 and in control population-based studies. These results may reflect specific characteristics of GC at a younger age, or the presence of a cohort effect mediating and interacting with socioeconomic determinants of GC The different distribution of PA levels among hospitalized controls could have led to an underestimated effect of PA on GC risk.
The evolution of scientific literature as metastable knowledge states
Authors: Koneru Sai Dileep , McCauley David Rench , Smith Michael C. , Guarrera David , Robinson Jenn , Rajtmajer Sarah
Published: July 2023

The problem of identifying common concepts in the sciences and deciding when new ideas have emerged is an open one. Metascience researchers have sought to formalize principles underlying stages in the life cycle of scientific research, understand how knowledge is transferred between scientists and stakeholders, and explain how new ideas are generated and take hold. Here, we model the state of scientific knowledge immediately preceding new directions of research as a metastable state and the creation of new concepts as combinatorial innovation. Through a novel approach combining natural language clustering and citation graph analysis, we predict the evolution of ideas over time and thus connect a single scientific article to past and future concepts in a way that goes beyond traditional citation and reference connections.
Associations between significant head injury in male juveniles in prison in Scotland UK and cognitive function, disability and crime: A cross sectional study
Authors: McMillan T. M. , McVean Julia , Aslam Hira , Barry Sarah J. E.
Published: July 2023

Background

Although the prevalence of head injury is estimated to be high in juveniles in prison, the extent of persisting disability is unknown and relationships with offending uncertain. This limited understanding makes it difficult to develop effective management strategies and interventions to improve health or reduce recidivism. This study investigates effects of significant head injury (SHI) on cognitive function, disability and offending in juvenile prisoners, and considers relationships with common comorbidities.

Methods

This cross-sectional study recruited male juvenile prisoners in Scotland from Her Majesty’s Young Offenders Institute (HMYOI) Polmont (detaining approximately 305 of 310 male juveniles in prison in Scotland). To be included juveniles had to be 16 years or older, fluent in English, able to participate in assessment, provide informed consent and not have a severe acute disorder of cognition or communication. Head injury, cognition, disability, history of abuse, mental health and problematic substance use were assessed by interview and questionnaire.

Results

We recruited 103 (34%) of 305 juvenile males in HMYOI Polmont. The sample was demographically representative of juvenile males in prisons for young offenders in Scotland. SHI was found in 82/103 (80%) and head injury repeated over long periods of time in 69/82 (85%). Disability was associated with SHI in 11/82 (13%) and was significantly associated with mental health problems, particularly anxiety. Group differences on cognitive tests were not found. However the SHI group reported poorer behavioural control on the Dysexecutive Questionnaire and were more often reported for incidents in prison than those without SHI. Characteristics of offending, including violence, did not differ between groups.

Conclusions

Although SHI is highly prevalent in juvenile prisoners, associated disability was relatively uncommon. There was no evidence for differences in cognitive test performance or offending in juveniles with and without SHI. However, signs of poorer behavioural control and greater psychological distress in juveniles with SHI suggest that they may be at greater risk of recidivism and of potentially becoming lifelong offenders. This implies a need for remedial programmes for juvenile prisoners to take account of persisting effects of SHI on mental health and self-control and education and to improve their understanding of the effects of SHI reduce the likelihood of cumulative effects from further SHI.
Cochlear coverage with lateral wall cochlear implant electrode arrays affects post-operative speech recognition
Authors: Weller Tobias , Timm Max Eike , Lenarz Thomas , Büchner Andreas
Published: July 2023

Objectives

The goal was to investigate the relationship between the insertion angle/cochlear coverage of cochlear implant electrode arrays and post-operative speech recognition scores in a large cohort of patients implanted with lateral wall electrode arrays.

Methods

Pre- and post-operative cone beam computed tomography scans of 154 ears implanted with lateral wall electrode arrays were evaluated. Traces of lateral wall and electrode arrays were combined into a virtual reconstruction of the implanted cochlea. This reconstruction was used to measure insertion angles and proportional cochlear coverage. Word recognition scores and sentence recognition scores measured 12 months after implantation using electric-only stimulation were used to examine the relationship between cochlear coverage/insertion angle and implantation outcomes.

Results

Post-operative word recognition scores and the difference between post- and pre-operative word recognition scores were positively correlated with both cochlear coverage and insertion angle, however sentence recognition scores were not. A group-wise comparison of word recognition scores revealed that patients with cochlear coverage below 70% performed significantly worse than patients with coverage between 79%-82% (p = 0.003). Performance of patients with coverage above 82% was on average poorer than between 79%-82, although this finding was not statistically significant (p = 0.84). Dividing the cohort into groups based on insertion angle quadrants revealed that word recognition scores were highest above 450° insertion angle, sentence recognition scores were highest between 450° and 630° and the difference between pre- and post-operative word recognition scores was largest between 540° and 630°, however none of these differences reached statistical significance.

Conclusions

The results of this study show that cochlear coverage has an effect on post-operative word recognition abilities and the benefit patients receive from their implant. Generally, higher coverage led to better outcomes, however there were results indicating that insertion past 82% cochlear coverage may not provide an additional benefit for word recognition. These findings can be useful for choosing the optimal electrode array and thereby improving cochlear implantation outcomes on a patient-individual basis.
Increases in income-support payments reduce the demand for charity: A difference-in-difference analysis of charitable-assistance data from Australia over the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ablaza Christine , Perales Francisco , Parsell Cameron , Middlebrook Nathan , Robinson Richard N. S. , Kuskoff Ella , Plage Stefanie
Published: July 2023

Charities play an increasingly important role in helping people experiencing poverty. However, institutionalized charity shifts the burden of poverty reduction away from the state and exposes recipients to stress and stigma. In this paper, we examine whether the need for institutionalized charity can be offset through enhanced state support. As in other countries, the Australian government responded to the COVID-19 pandemic by substantially increasing the level of income support to citizens through several temporary payments. We draw on this natural experiment and time-series data from the two largest charity organizations in Queensland, Australia to examine how these payments altered the demand for institutionalized charity. We model these data using difference-in-difference regression models to approximate causal effects. By exploiting the timing and varying amounts of the payments, our analyses yield evidence that more generous income support reduces reliance on charity. Halving the demand for charity requires raising pre-pandemic income-support by AUD$42/day, with supplements of approximately AUD$18/day yielding the greatest return on investment.