bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The flaring activity of blazar AO 0235+164 in 2021
Authors: Escudero Pedrosa Juan , Agudo Iván , Moritz Till , Marscher Alan P. , Jorstad Svetlana , Tramacere Andrea , Casadio Carolina , Thum Clemens , Myserlis Ioannis , Sievers Albrecht , Otero-Santos Jorge , Morcuende Daniel , López-Coto Rubén , D’Ammando Filippo , Bonnoli Giacomo , Gurwell Mark , Gómez José Luis , Rao Ramprasad , Keating Garrett
Published: June 2024

Context. The blazar AO 0235+164, located at redshift z = 0.94, has displayed interesting and repeating flaring activity in the past, with recent episodes in 2008 and 2015. In 2020, the source brightened again, starting a new flaring episode that peaked in 2021.

Aims. We study the origin and properties of the 2021 flare in relation to previous studies and the historical behavior of the source, in particular the 2008 and 2015 flaring episodes.

Methods.We analyzed the multiwavelength photo-polarimetric evolution of the source. From Very Long Baseline Array images, we derived the kinematic parameters of new components associated with the 2021 flare. We used this information to constrain a model for the spectral energy distribution of the emission during the flaring period. We propose an analytical geometric model to test whether the observed wobbling of the jet is consistent with precession.

Results. We report the appearance of two new components that are ejected in a different direction than previously, confirming the wobbling of the jet. We find that the direction of ejection is consistent with that of a precessing jet. Our derived period agrees with the values commonly found in the literature. Modeling of the spectral energy distribution further confirms that the differences between flares can be attributed to geometrical effects.
A baseline on the relation between chemical patterns and the birth stellar cluster
Authors: Signor T. , Jofré P. , Martí L. , Sánchez-Pi N.
Published: June 2024

Context. The chemical composition of a star’s atmosphere reflects the chemical composition of its birth environment. Therefore, it should be feasible to recognize stars born together that have scattered throughout the galaxy, solely based on their chemistry. This concept, known as “strong chemical tagging”, is a major objective of spectroscopic studies, but it has yet to yield the anticipated results.

Aims. We assess the existence and the robustness of the relation between chemical abundances and the birthplace using known member stars of open clusters.

Methods. We followed a supervised machine learning approach, using chemical abundances obtained from APOGEE DR17, observed open clusters as labels, and different data preprocessing techniques.

Results. We find that open clusters can be recovered with any classifier and on data whose features are not carefully selected. In the sample with no field stars, we obtain an average accuracy of 75.2% and we find that the prediction accuracy mostly depends on the uncertainties of the chemical abundances. When field stars outnumber the cluster members, the performance degrades.

Conclusions. Our results show the difficulty of recovering birth clusters using chemistry alone, even in a supervised scenario. This clearly challenges the feasibility of strong chemical tagging. Nevertheless, including information about ages could potentially enhance the possibility of recovering birth clusters.
Analysis of the processes occurring in textile PPE against falls from a height under weather conditions
Authors: Tserakh Nadezhda A.
Published: June 2024

The construction site is the leader in the number of injuries, among which a significant proportion are falls from a height. When carrying out work at height, PPE (personal protection equipment) and CPE (collective protection equipment) are used, which can be made of metal or synthetic polymers. Unlike metals, synthetic polymers are less resistant to processes occurring when working in atmospheric conditions. The aim of the work is to increase the safety of PPE users and attract more people related to occupational safety to the problem. In the course of the work, articles containing information about the processes occurring in polymer synthetic materials were analyzed. Data were obtained on the relationship of these processes to each other and their combined effect on the rate of change in the chemical composition of the material. In the end, conclusions were drawn about the deterioration of the physico-chemical properties of materials after exposure to weathering condition.
Theoretical foundations of the Chinese business management system in the construction industry
Authors: Salihovna Khoshanlo Amina
Published: June 2024

The article discusses the theoretical foundations of the Chinese business management system in construction. Business in China is based on long-term cooperation which is a more trusting, reliable and partnership relationship for them. Besides, Chinese construction business has some similarities with the Japanese system, that is, the older generation already knows what their children and grandchildren will do. Mainstream construction business is run on a short-term basis and is not as forward-thinking as the Chinese one. The contracting ability of Chinese companies having plans to build facilities and stage projects, which dates back to the ancient times, remains a key business tool which is to be learned and applied in certain patterns in our generally accepted construction business management scheme. For instance, if any difficulties arise, or the contract requires urgent revision of certain clauses, especially when the facility is already under construction, Chinese partners will always cooperate if contacted in a timely manner and given the whole picture in an accessible language, with all possible force majeure circumstances, changes requiring immediate consideration and adjustments, and possible outcomes explained. At present, numerous enterprises strive to cooperate with Chinese companies since Chinese partners are very flexible to any market situation, quick to take decisions, punctual with payment deadlines, and require a similar attitude.
Laboratory for Underground Nuclear Astrophysics
Authors: Piatti Denise
Published: June 2024

Nuclear reactions shape the life and death of stars and they produce most of the chemical elements in the Universe. The cross section, at the energy of the Gamow peak, is a crucial ingredient to improve our knowledge on stellar and Universe chemical evolution. Its low value at stellar energies prevent direct measurements in earth-based laboratories. In recent years low energy data significantly improved thanks to underground facilities, pioneered by the Laboratory for Underground Nuclear Astrophysycs (LUNA). LUNA started its activity in 1991 with a 50 kV electrostatic accelerator installed under Gran Sasso, which is a natural shield against cosmic rays ensuring a ultra low background environment. LUNA early activity was dedicated to reactions relevant to the Sun, and then, thanks to the installation of a new accelerator (LUNA400), it focused on the study of the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) and of the CNO, NeNa and MgAl cycles. LUNA is now facing the next steps, helium and carbon burning, thanks to the new 3.5MV accelerator, which has just started its activity at the Bellotti Facility of LNGS. The accelerator provides hydrogen, helium and carbon beams, allowing to study the reactions that shape both the evolution of massive stars to their final fate and the synthesis of most of the elements in the Universe.
International high-performance tennis coaches’ perspectives on the importance of mental skills: a preliminary study
Authors: Crespo Miguel , Jiménez Jorge , Martínez-Gallego Rafael
Published: June 2024

The objective of this study was to explore the perceptions of a cohort of international high-performance tennis coaches on the mental skills needed for tennis play and their training. A sample of 162 coaches, 132 men and 30 women, with a mean age of 38.13 years (SD = 10.42), and a mean coaching experience of 14.34 years (SD = 8.24) representing 63 countries participated in the research. They completed a specific survey which included a combination of open and closed questions. Results found that coaches unanimously considered mental skills as very important for tennis performance. Coaches with more experience were more knowledgeable about sport psychology and give more importance to the work of certain psychological skills than their less experienced counterparts. Regardless of their education and experience, coaches considered mental skills to be of great importance for tennis performance and indicated that the most frequent ways to be educated in this area were training courses and practical experience. These findings have very useful practical implications for federations, organizations, and academic institutions responsible for providing training, information, and certification to coaches.
Interprofessionelles Arbeiten
Authors: Best Norman , Felmerer Gunther
Published: June 2024

Liebe Kolleginnen und Kollegen,

die Zeit des Landarztes, der die Angina tonsillaris behandelte, das Nachbarskind mit
zur Welt brachte und ausgerenkte Kniescheiben und Schultergelenke reponierte, sind
in Deutschland weitestgehend vorbei. Man sagt, dass sich das Wissen in der Medizin
alle drei Jahre verdoppelt. Es ist deswegen folgerichtig, dass spezialisierte
Fachrichtungen entstehen und selbst innerhalb dieser Fachrichtungen, die gesamte
fachliche Expertise häufig nicht von einer Person vorgehalten werden kann.
Determining the Risk Factors for Anastomotic Stricture Development after Esophageal Atresia Repair: Results from the Turkish Esophageal Atresia Registry
Authors: Öztorun Can İhsan , Ulukaya Durakbaşa Çiğdem , Soyer Tutku , Özcan Coşkun , Fırıncı Binali , Demirel Berat Dilek , Çiftçi İlhan , Parlak Ayşe , Öztan Mustafa Onur , Göllü Bahadır Gülnur , Akkoyun İbrahim , Karaman Ayşe , Gül Cengiz , Şalcı Gül , İlhan Hüseyin , Oral Akgün , Özcan Rahşan , Özaydın Seyithan , Kılıç Şeref Selçuk , Kıyan Gürsu , Erdem Ali Onur , Uzunlu Osman , Yıldız Abdullah , Özçakır Esra , Ertürk Nazile , Erginel Başak , Öztaş Tülin , Atıcı Ahmet , Mert Mehmet , Samsum Hakan , Özen Mehmet Ali , Aydın Emrah , Sancar Serpil
Published: June 2024

Introduction Anastomotic stricture (AS) is the second most common complication after esophageal atresia (EA) repair. We aimed to evaluate the data in the Turkish Esophageal Atresia Registry to determine the risk factors for AS development after EA repair in a large national cohort of patients.

Methods The data between 2015 and 2021 were evaluated. Patients were enrolled into two groups according to the occurrence of AS. Patients with AS (AS group) and without AS (non-AS group) were compared according to demographic and operative features, postoperative intubation status, and postoperative complications, such as anastomotic leaks, fistula recanalization, and the presence of gastroesophageal reflux (GER). A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to define the risk factors for the development of AS after EA repair.

Results Among the 713 cases, 144 patients (20.19%) were enrolled into the AS group and 569 (79.81%) in the non-AS group. The multivariable logistic regression showed that, being a term baby (odds ratio [OR]: 1.706; p = 0.006), having a birth weight over 2,500 g (OR: 1.72; p = 0.006), presence of GER (OR: 5.267; p < 0.001), or having a recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF, OR: 4.363; p = 0.006) were the risk factors for the development of AS.

Conclusions The results of our national registry demonstrate that 20% of EA patients developed AS within their first year of life. In patients with early primary anastomosis, birth weight greater than 2,500 g and presence of GER were risk factors for developing AS. When patients with delayed anastomosis were included, in addition to the previous risk factors, being a term baby, and having recurrent TEF also became risk factors.

Level of Evidence III.
Lymphatic Patterns in the Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery Perforator Flap
Authors: Campos José Luis , Suominen Sinikka , Pons Gemma , Al-Sakkaf Ali M. , Lusetti Irene Laura , Sirota Max , Vela Francisco Javier , Pires Laura , Sánchez-Margallo Francisco Miguel , Abellán Elena , Masiá Jaume
Published: June 2024

Background Lymphedema is a chronic condition, characterized by fluid buildup and tissue swelling and is caused by impairment of the lymphatic system. The lymph interpositional flap transfer technique, in which lymph flow is restored with a flap that includes subdermal lymphatic channels, is an option for surgical reconstruction. The superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) flap can be used for this purpose. This study aimed to describe and characterize the lymphatic patterns within the vascular territory of the SCIP flap.

Methods This cross-sectional multicenter study involved 19 healthy volunteers aged ≥18 years of both sexes assessing the bilateral SCIP flap zone. Superficial lymphatic patterns were evaluated at 4-, 14-, and 24 minutes after indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography injection. Standardized procedures were implemented for all participants in both hospitals.

Results The linear pattern was predominant bilaterally. The median number of lymphatic vessels and their length increased over time. Most lymphatic vessels in the SCIP flap were oriented toward the inguinal lymph node (ILN). However, the left SCIP zone lymphatic vessels were directed opposite to the ILN.

Conclusion The two sides SCIP zones were not significantly different. The primary direction of the bilateral lymphatic vessels was toward the ILN, although only single-side lymphatic vessels were in the opposite direction. These findings emphasize the importance of assessing lymphatic axiality and coherent lymphatic patterns prior to undertaking the SCIP as an interposition flap, to ensure effective restoration of lymphatic flow.
Memory complaint in a middle-income country: a four-year longitudinal study in a cohort with low-education
Authors: Pereira Marcos Leandro , Caramelli Paulo , Sá Vannessa Marinara de , Rocha Paulo Henrique Martins , Oliveira João Pedro Gomes de , Amorim Rafael Pereira de , Silva Elvis Vieira da , Delboni Vinícius Slonsky , Barbosa Maira Tonidandel , Miranda Luís Felipe José Ravic de , de Souza Leonardo Cruz
Published: June 2024

Background Memory complaints are frequent in older adults and are associated with higher risk of cognitive decline.

Objective To investigate the functional outcome of individuals with memory complaints followed up at primary care centers.

Methods Data were collected between 2016 e 2020 in primary health care centers in Brazil. Patients underwent the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery, and the Functional Activities Questionnaire.

Results The initial sample (2016) comprised 91 individuals classified into those with subjective cognitive decline (SCD, n = 15), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 45), or dementia (n = 31). During follow-up, 8 individuals (8.8% of the initial sample) died and 26 (28.5% of the initial sample) were not found. Fifty-seven participants underwent clinical reassessment. Of 15 individuals with SCD, 7 were not found (46.7%), 4 (26.7%) progressed to MCI, and 4 (26.7%) remained stable. Of 45 individuals with MCI, 11 were not found (24.4%), 2 (4.4%) died, 6 (13.4%) progressed to dementia, 12 (26.7%) regressed to SCD, and 14 (31.1%) remained stable. Of 31 individuals with dementia, 8 were not found (25.8%), 6 (19.4%) died, 2 (6.5%) regressed to SCD, 7 (22.6%) regressed to MCI, and 8 remained stable (25.8%). Clinical improvement was due to the treatment of reversible causes, such as B12 hypovitaminosis and mood disorders. Older age, lower Mini-Mental State Examination, and higher scores of memory complaint, but not the use of benzodiazepines and of proton pump inhibitors, were predictors of functional status.

Conclusion Despite their limits (short sample size, missing data), these results support the idea that adequate screening, follow-up, and treatment of reversible causes of dementia in primary care are essential.
How to reach external citizens? Comparing varieties of transnational party infrastructure
Authors: Favero Adrian
Published: June 2024

With a growing number of citizens living abroad, incentives and strategies to reach diasporas have become increasingly important for political actors. National political parties respond to new competitive transnational environments and engage with citizens living outside their country of origin. However, compared to traditional national party organisations, we know little about parties going abroad and what affects varieties in transnational instruments. To address this question, I compare transnational infrastructures of all parliamentary parties in Switzerland, Germany and Austria. By examining official party documents and information from party secretaries and representatives, I evaluate how parties reach external citizens and analyse factors that correspond with their organisational models. I find that internet voting from abroad does not increase the scope and extent of the analysed parties’ physical infrastructure, whereas the ability to donate correlates with more investment into formal party branches abroad. In addition, I argue that larger institutionalised parties are more likely to invest in formal transnational infrastructure, and that left–right wing ideology and populism have little impact on organisational models across the selected countries.
University Networks for Higher Education Quality Development: Between Mutual Trust and Control
Authors: Pohlenz Philipp , Berndt Sarah , Hartmann Johnny
Published: June 2024

University networks have become a common approach to the implementation of projects in the field of higher education quality development. In a management environment that is generally driven by competition rather than by cooperation, establishing networks seems paradoxical at first sight since they require mutual trust and reciprocal openness with regard to the strengths, weaknesses, and previous experiences of the participating partners. At second sight, however, forming networks can also turn out to be rational since not all competencies necessary to pursue relevant development goals (e.g. diversity, digitalisation, quality enhancement) are available at all institutions. Joining forces increases the capabilities of all partners, provided that the organisational shape of the network contributes to trustful and mutually beneficial cooperation. The present paper explores the determinants of the successful establishment of university networks. It draws on cross-sectional data from a German nationwide survey of 160 respondents from 62 university networks operating in the field of higher education quality development. Structural equation modelling is employed to research the relationships between reciprocity and control as seemingly competing principles.
Ontological vs. societal security: same difference or distinct concepts?
Authors: Floyd Rita
Published: June 2024

Ontological security and the Copenhagen school’s societal security are both concerned with identity. While, the existing literature on ontological security has made use of the Copenhagen school’s concept of securitization, the linkage between societal and ontological security is unclear. Are they different, or does one subsume the other? This article uses the case of majority fears of minority threats to examine the difference between the two concepts. The article shows that the two are distinct—albeit complementary—concepts that explain different things in the security–identity nexus. Securitization theory explains that majorities sometimes designate minorities a threat to their chosen collective identity, while ontological security explains why individual persons—who possess multiple identities—assent to that securitization, including by agreeing to it as audiences, or by requesting it of powerful elites. The article goes on to examine the implications of this ‘ontological–societal security node’ for policymakers and practitioners.
High-k turbulence characteristics in density modulation experiments of EAST
Authors: Chen F. , Li P. , Li Y. D. , Wang X. J. , Wu G. J. , Geng J. S. , Wang Y. H. , Sun N. , Sun P. J. , Wang M. , Ding B. J. , Wu C. B. , Li E. Z. , Zhou T. F. , Zhao H. L. , Zang Q. , Wang S. X. , Liu H. Q. , Jin Y. F. , Lyu B. , Li J. G.
Published: June 2024

High-k turbulence (1 < kθρs < 5) spectrograms have been directly measured in density modulation experiments of the EAST tokamak using the collective Thomson scattering diagnostic system. Density-peaking modulation is achieved in Lower Hybrid Wave (LHW) modulation experiments, revealing that the broadband turbulence is sensitive to the power modulation of LHW and the concomitant variation of density-peaking. Additionally, the contributions of 2.45/4.6 GHz LHW to density peaking differ when Neutral Beam Injection (NBI) is on/off, displaying distinct responses of broadband turbulence in low/high frequency ranges. It is found by cross-coherence analysis that the phase angle is negative in cases without NBI, while in NBI cases it can be modulated from negative to positive, indicating a significant transition of radial turbulence propagation. These findings highlight the active control of density-peaking via auxiliary heating in tokamak plasmas and suggest the potential role of high-k turbulence in density-peaking modulation.
Precipitation prediction based on variational mode decomposition combined with the crested porcupine optimization algorithm for long short-term memory model
Authors: Hou Yiming , Deng Xuefeng , Xia Yu
Published: June 2024

Accurate precipitation prediction is very important for meteorological disaster prevention, water resources management, and agricultural decision making. To improve the accuracy of precipitation prediction, a hybrid model based on variational mode decomposition (VMD), crested porcupine optimization algorithm (CPO), and long short-term memory model (LSTM) is proposed in this paper. The model first uses VMD to decompose the precipitation time series into intrinsic mode functions of different frequencies to capture the multi-scale characteristics of precipitation data. Then, the CPO algorithm is used to optimize LSTM adaptive parameters to improve the global search ability and robustness of the model. Finally, the decomposed precipitation component is input into the LSTM network to learn the spatiotemporal dependence relationship and improve the ability of long-term prediction. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional LSTM model, CPO-LSTM model, and VMD-LSTM model, the hybrid model achieves better performance in many evaluation indices and effectively improves the accuracy of precipitation prediction. The application of the model can provide an effective tool for the fields of meteorology and water resources management, as well as provide new ideas for related research.
Recent advances in microfluidic-based spectroscopic approaches for pathogen detection
Authors: Hussain Mubashir , He Xu , Wang Chao , Wang Yichuan , Wang Jingjing , Chen Mingyue , Kang Haiquan , Yang Na , Ni Xinye , Li Jianqing , Zhou Xiuping , Liu Bin
Published: June 2024

Rapid identification of pathogens with higher sensitivity and specificity plays a significant role in maintaining public health, environmental monitoring, controlling food quality, and clinical diagnostics. Different methods have been widely used in food testing laboratories, quality control departments in food companies, hospitals, and clinical settings to identify pathogens. Some limitations in current pathogens detection methods are time-consuming, expensive, and laborious sample preparation, making it unsuitable for rapid detection. Microfluidics has emerged as a promising technology for biosensing applications due to its ability to precisely manipulate small volumes of fluids. Microfluidics platforms combined with spectroscopic techniques are capable of developing miniaturized devices that can detect and quantify pathogenic samples. The review focuses on the advancements in microfluidic devices integrated with spectroscopic methods for detecting bacterial microbes over the past five years. The review is based on several spectroscopic techniques, including fluorescence detection, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and dynamic light scattering methods coupled with microfluidic platforms. The key detection principles of different approaches were discussed and summarized. Finally, the future possible directions and challenges in microfluidic-based spectroscopy for isolating and detecting pathogens using the latest innovations were also discussed.
Different substrate structures affect the substitution efficiency of Al atoms in AlxGa1−xN epitaxial films
Authors: Wang R. , Ao H. , Yan J. F. , Liu Y.
Published: June 2024

Through XRD analysis and xrayutilities fitting, this paper investigates the structural parameters of AlxGa1−xN(AlGaN) epitaxial layers grown on both free-standing GaN (FS-GaN) substrates and GaN templates (4.5 um GaN on Sapphire), including thickness and Al composition. These parameters determine the conductivity performance of GaN high electron mobility transistor devices. Under the same growth conditions, the Al composition in the AlGaN epitaxial layer grown on FS-GaN substrates is lower, but the thickness (growth rate) is higher, indicating a relatively weaker efficiency of Al substitution for Ga. This trend remains within a large range of trimethylgallium input ratios of 20%–40%. By analyzing and demonstrating the various differences between the two substrates, it can be concluded that the misorientation angle and threading dislocation density of the GaN layer have a high correlation with the efficiency of Al substitution, while the stress of the GaN layer and the temperature of the substrate surface show no significant correlation.
Dissolution process of CO2 bubble adhered to a flat plate in a flow fluid
Authors: Xu Ning , Fu Xin , Su Rui , Xu Wen-Ping , Chen Wen-Yu
Published: June 2024

The dissolution process of CO2 bubbles adhered to a flat plate in a rectangular channel at different flow velocities is studied experimentally and theoretically. In the experiments, the CO2 bubble is manually introduced by means of a needle connected to a micro-syringe in the rectangular channel filled with ultra-pure degassed water. The rectangular channel comprises a transparent 3D printed cavity and a replaceable plate. The water flow velocity in the rectangular channel can be precisely controlled using a liquid flow controller. The CO2 bubble is adhered to the flat plate, which is replaceable and has different wetting properties. The dissolution process of the bubble is visualized using a high-speed camera at different flow velocities. The changing bubble radius over time is calculated using an image processing program. A mathematical dissolution model is developed to estimate the dissolution durations of the CO2 bubble adhered to the flat plate, which includes the effect of contact angle and water flow velocity by using Sherwood number. With appropriate constants, the dissolution model exhibits good agreement with the experimental results. It is found that both the contact angle and water flow velocity play important roles in the bubble dissolution rate. An increase in water flow velocity can help improve the bubble dissolution rate. With a decrease in contact angle, the bubble dissolution rate becomes faster. The dissolution model is used to predict the maximum allowable bubble size at different scanning speeds in immersion lithography.
Experimental study on interaction between a cavitation bubble and an oil layer–water interface
Authors: Zhong Yuying , Zhao Yang , Gao Xiaoyan , Bao Fubing
Published: June 2024

The interaction between a single laser-induced cavitation bubble and an oil layer–water interface is experimentally studied through high-speed photography technology. When oscillating near an oil layer–water interface, the bubble always migrates away from the interface with a jet pointing at the same direction. Three different motions of the interface are observed: interface experiencing subtle disturbance (case 1), interface presenting a deformation resembling an inverted hill (case 2), and interface developing a jet piercing the bubble (case 3). The effect of oil layer thickness on the bubble centroid migration and the inverted hill-shaped interface deformation are investigated as well. With a decreasing dimensionless bubble-interface distance, the effect of the oil layer on the bubble oscillation becomes more significant. In case 2 and case 3, the presence of the oil layer always weakens the migration distance of the bubble centroid.
Josephson weak link based on proximity effect in long bi-metallic thin-film bridge
Authors: Turutanov O. G. , Sivakov A. G. , Pokhila A. S. , Grajcar M.
Published: June 2024

We prepared a bi-metal Sn/Al thin film bridge of 1 × 5 µm2 in size and exposed it to microwave irradiation in a frequency range of 7 to 40 GHz to explore the Shapiro steps in the current-voltage characteristics, which served as a reliable indicator for assessing current-phase relation (CPR). The measurements were made in the temperature range (0.89 … 0.99)Tc with Tc = 3.66 K. No fractional steps are observed at 10 GHz, while all integer steps are present, and their widths oscillate with microwave field amplitude, which suggests a non-skewed quasi-sine CPR. Therefore, the normal-metal covering alters the resistive state of the long thin-film strip containing phase-slip centers so that the bi-metallic long bridge exhibits characteristics similar to a Josephson weak link. Considering a simple fabrication procedure, it may be utilized in making Josephson-effect-based devices such as DC and RF SQUIDs, especially in low-budget projects. Additional small-scale oscillations of the step widths found between the main peaks and the missing first step at a higher frequency of 20 GHz near Tc may be associated with Landau–Zener transitions between Andreev states and require further detailed study.
A random sequential adsorption model for the irreversible binding of Tenebrio molitor antifreeze protein to ice crystals
Authors: Guo Tinghe , Zhang Nan , Li Yannan , Zhang Luqiang , Wang Jun , Zhang Lirong , Liu Junjie
Published: June 2024

A class of proteins known as antifreeze proteins (AFPs) appear in some organisms, allowing them to survive in low-temperature environments. These AFPs irreversibly adsorb to the surfaces of ice crystals and reduce the freezing temperature without significantly affecting the equilibrium melting point. Ice crystal growth is inhibited in the temperature gap between the melting point and the non-equilibrium freezing point, referred to as thermal hysteresis (TH). The irreversible adsorption of AFPs on the surfaces of ice crystals has been questioned because it is not consistent with the concentration dependence of the TH activity obtained from experimental studies. In this study, based on adsorption–inhibition theory, a random sequential adsorption model of AFPs was used to investigate the irreversible adsorption of hyperactive AFPs that have been found in the yellow mealworm beetle Tenebrio molitor (TmAFPs). The occupied fractions covered by TmAFP on ice crystal surfaces were obtained. The time and concentration dependence of the TH activity of TmAFP was analyzed. The theoretical results obtained from this model were consistent with reported experimental data. This work provides ideas and a theoretical basis for understanding the TH activity during the irreversible adsorption of AFPs.
A memory-based spatial evolutionary game with the dynamic interaction between learners and profiteers
Authors: Pi Bin , Feng Minyu , Deng Liang-Jian
Published: June 2024

Spatial evolutionary games provide a valuable framework for elucidating the emergence and maintenance of cooperative behaviors. However, most previous studies assume that individuals are profiteers and neglect to consider the effects of memory. To bridge this gap, in this paper, we propose a memory-based spatial evolutionary game with dynamic interaction between learners and profiteers. Specifically, there are two different categories of individuals in the network, including profiteers and learners with different strategy updating rules. Notably, there is a dynamic interaction between profiteers and learners, i.e., each individual has the transition probability between profiteers and learners, which is portrayed by a Markov process. Besides, the payoff of each individual is not only determined by a single round of the game but also depends on the memory mechanism of the individual. Extensive numerical simulations validate the theoretical analysis and uncover that dynamic interactions between profiteers and learners foster cooperation, memory mechanisms facilitate the emergence of cooperative behaviors among profiteers, and increasing the learning rate of learners promotes a rise in the number of cooperators. In addition, the robustness of the model is verified through simulations across various network sizes. Overall, this work contributes to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms driving the formation and evolution of cooperation.
Session 2. Oral Presentation for: Safeguard Mechanism reforms – how big and how much will it cost?
Authors: Gibb John
Published: June 2024

Presented on Tuesday 21 May: Session 2 In an effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the Australian government legislated the Safeguard Mechanism (SGM) in 2016. It is generally accepted that it had minimal impact, with no material reduction in greenhouse gas emissions resulting. In a move to address this, the legislation was amended, effective July 2023. These amendments rewrote the rules – baselines will reduce over time, the method of setting them will change, new concepts such as ‘international best practice’ will be introduced and new projects (including those already sanctioned, but not yet onstream) will be subject to tougher requirements. Our analysis will review the impact on the upstream projects currently covered by the SGM, and a select group of new projects. We will give our view on how the transition from the facility-specific to industry-average baselines impacts operators, and identify some of the potential winners and losers. Whilst first reporting is not due until the end of the 2024 financial year, there is still significant uncertainty on how the amended SGM will operate, specifically with regards to ‘industry best practice’. The paper will analyse what this could mean, and potential impacts. Is the SGM the roadmap to net zero that the industry is looking for? The work will leverage Wood Mackenzie’s asset by asset emissions data, and our unique insight into the economics of upstream developments. Ultimately, we will assess the trade-off that has been made by the Australian government – emissions for commerciality – and its long-term impact on the upstream sector. To access the Oral Presentation click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here
Geoscience Visual Presentation G14: Shipwreck and Sherbrook supersequence regional gross depositional environments, offshore Otway Basin
Authors: Nicholson Chris
Published: June 2024

Geoscience Visual Presentation G14 The Shipwreck and Sherbrook supersequences together constitute the upper Cretaceous succession in the Otway Basin that was deposited during an extensional basin phase. In the Shipwreck Trough, where the upper Cretaceous succession is well explored, gas fields are hosted by the Shipwreck Supersequence (SS). Elsewhere, the upper Cretaceous interval is lightly explored, and the deep-water area is considered an exploration frontier. We present regional gross depositional environment (RGDE) maps for the LC1.1 and LC1.2 sequences of the Shipwreck SS, and the LC2 Sherbrook SS. Fluvial Plain, Coastal-Delta Plain and Shelf RGDEs were interpreted from wireline logs, cores, and seismic facies. The Fluvial Plain and Coastal-Delta Plain RGDEs are mostly restricted to the inboard platform areas and the inner Morum Sub-basin. The mud-prone Shelf RGDE is widespread across the deep-water Morum and Nelson depocentres. The extent of the Fluvial and Coastal-Delta Plain belts progressively increases up-section, imparting a regressive aspect to the succession, and delineating a large fluvial-deltaic complex in the north-west of the basin. Thick seal development across the greater Shipwreck Trough, potentially mature source rocks in the deep-water basin, and thick reservoir development in the hanging wall of growth faults in the inner Morum Sub-basin are insights derived from this study, and will inform area selection for detailed gross depositional environment mapping, formulation of new hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide storage plays, and inputs for petroleum systems modelling. To access the Visual Presentation click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here
Increasing the target specificity of the canid-pest ejector for red fox (Vulpes vulpes) control by using a collar to exclude larger canids
Authors: Young Lauren I. , Skinner Kirsten , Tyne John , Edwards Glenn
Published: June 2024

Context Canid-pest ejectors (CPEs) offer a compromise between broadscale free-baiting programs that can have non-target impacts and more target-specific methods such as trapping and shooting, which are inefficient across larger scales. CPEs target wild canids, such as red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and wild dogs (Canis spp.). However, there are situations where red fox control is required, but the risk to non-target canids, such as dingoes and other dogs, prevents the use of broadscale baiting. Aims We field-trialled and refined a collar for the CPE that was designed to allow red foxes to trigger CPEs, but prevent dingoes and medium–large-sized dogs from doing so. Methods We deployed uncollared and collared CPEs paired with camera-traps across two study areas in central Australia, and assessed which taxa triggered CPEs and whether the activity rates, behaviour and CPE triggering rates of five taxa (red foxes, wild dogs, feral cats (Felis catus), corvids (Corvus spp.), and varanids (Varanus spp.)) differed between CPEs with and those without collars. Key results With a simple modification to our original collar design, a red fox was able to trigger collared CPEs. Collared CPEs were triggered by wild dogs when they were set with the bait head 1 cm below the rim of the collar, but not when they were set with the bait head at 2 cm below the rim. Uncollared CPEs were triggered by wild dogs (97.03% of triggers), red foxes (1.98%) and corvids (0.99%). Activity rates of the study taxa towards CPEs did not differ between collared and uncollared CPEs. However, behavioural analyses suggested that red foxes and wild dogs showed more caution around collared CPEs. Conclusions We present proof-of-concept that deploying CPEs inside a collar increases the target specificity of this device by excluding wild dogs, while allowing red foxes to access the bait head. However, our data suggest that the addition of a collar may reduce interaction rates of red foxes and wild dogs with CPEs. Implications The collared CPE provides a control method for red foxes that reduces the risk to dingoes and other medium–large-sized dogs and may allow for greater landholder participation in red fox management.
Long noncoding RNA LIRIL2R modulates FOXP3 levels and suppressive function of human CD4
+
regulatory T cells by regulating IL2RA
Authors: Andrabi Syed Bilal Ahmad , Kalim Ubaid Ullah , Palani Senthil , Khan Mohd Moin , Khan Meraj Hasan , Fagersund Jimmy , Orpana Julius , Paulin Niklas , Batkulwar Kedar , Junttila Sini , Buchacher Tanja , Grönroos Toni , Toikka Lea , Ammunet Tea , Sen Partho , Orešič Matej , Kumpulainen Venla , Tuomisto Johanna E. E. , Sinha Rahul , Marson Alexander , Rasool Omid , Elo Laura L. , Lahesmaa Riitta
Published: June 2024

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are central in controlling immune responses, and dysregulation of their function can lead to autoimmune disorders or cancer. Despite extensive studies on Tregs, the basis of epigenetic regulation of human Treg development and function is incompletely understood. Long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNA)s are important for shaping and maintaining the epigenetic landscape in different cell types. In this study, we identified a gene on the chromosome 6p25.3 locus, encoding a lincRNA, that was up-regulated during early differentiation of human Tregs. The lincRNA regulated the expression of interleukin-2 receptor alpha (IL2RA), and we named it the lincRNA regulator of IL2RA (LIRIL2R). Through transcriptomics, epigenomics, and proteomics analysis of LIRIL2R-deficient Tregs, coupled with global profiling of LIRIL2R binding sites using chromatin isolation by RNA purification, followed by sequencing, we identified IL2RA as a target of LIRIL2R. This nuclear lincRNA binds upstream of the
IL2RA
locus and regulates its epigenetic landscape and transcription. CRISPR-mediated deletion of the LIRIL2R-bound region at the
IL2RA
locus resulted in reduced IL2RA expression. Notably, LIRIL2R deficiency led to reduced expression of Treg-signature genes (e.g.,
FOXP3
,
CTLA4
, and
PDCD1
), upregulation of genes associated with effector T cells (e.g.,
SATB1
and
GATA3
), and loss of Treg-mediated suppression.
RNA tailing machinery drives amyloidogenic phase transition
Authors: Bokros Michael , Balukoff Nathan C. , Grunfeld Alex , Sebastiao Mathew , Beurel Eléonore , Bourgault Steve , Lee Stephen
Published: June 2024

The RNA tailing machinery adds nucleotides to the 3′-end of RNA molecules that are implicated in various biochemical functions, including protein synthesis and RNA stability. Here, we report a role for the RNA tailing machinery as enzymatic modifiers of intracellular amyloidogenesis. A targeted RNA interference screen identified Terminal Nucleotidyl-transferase 4b (TENT4b/Papd5) as an essential participant in the amyloidogenic phase transition of nucleoli into solid-like Amyloid bodies. Full-length-and-mRNA sequencing uncovered starRNA, a class of unusually long untemplated RNA molecules synthesized by TENT4b. StarRNA consists of short rRNA fragments linked to long, linear mixed tails that operate as polyanionic stimulators of amyloidogenesis in cells and in vitro. Ribosomal intergenic spacer noncoding RNA (rIGSRNA) recruit TENT4b in intranucleolar foci to coordinate starRNA synthesis driving their amyloidogenic phase transition. The exoribonuclease RNA Exosome degrades starRNA and functions as a general suppressor of cellular amyloidogenesis. We propose that amyloidogenic phase transition is under tight enzymatic control by the RNA tailing and exosome axis.
Neuronal differentiation requires BRAT1 complex to remove REST from chromatin
Authors: Dokaneheifard Sadat , Gomes Dos Santos Helena , Guiselle Valencia Monica , Arigela Harikumar , Edupuganti Raghu Ram , Shiekhattar Ramin
Published: June 2024

Repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST) is required for the formation of mature neurons. REST dysregulation underlies a key mechanism of neurodegeneration associated with neurological disorders. However, the mechanisms leading to alterations of REST-mediated silencing of key neurogenesis genes are not known. Here, we show that BRCA1 Associated ATM Activator 1 (BRAT1), a gene linked to neurodegenerative diseases, is required for the activation of REST-responsive genes during neuronal differentiation. We find that INTS11 and INTS9 subunits of Integrator complex interact with BRAT1 as a distinct trimeric complex to activate critical neuronal genes during differentiation.BRAT1depletion results in persistence of REST residence on critical neuronal genes disrupting the differentiation of NT2 cells into astrocytes and neuronal cells. We identified BRAT1 and INTS11 co-occupying the promoter region of these genes and pinpoint a role for BRAT1 in recruiting INTS11 to their promoters. Disease-causing mutations inBRAT1diminish its association with INTS11/INTS9, linking the manifestation of disease phenotypes with a defect in transcriptional activation of key neuronal genes by BRAT1/INTS11/INTS9 complex. Finally, loss ofBrat1in mouse embryonic stem cells leads to a defect in neuronal differentiation assay. Importantly, while reconstitution with wild-type BRAT1 restores neuronal differentiation, the addition of a BRAT1 mutant is unable to associate with INTS11/INTS9 and fails to rescue the neuronal phenotype. Taken together, our study highlights the importance of BRAT1 association with INTS11 and INTS9 in the development of the nervous system.
Primordial magnetotaxis in putative giant paleoproterozoic magnetofossils
Authors: Donardelli Bellon Ualisson , Williams Wyn , Trindade Ricardo Ivan Ferreira , Maldanis Lara , Galante Douglas
Published: June 2024

Magnetotactic bacteria produce chains of nanoscopic iron minerals used for navigation, which can be preserved over geological timescales in the form of magnetofossils. Micrometer-sized magnetite crystals with unusual shapes suggesting a biologically controlled mineralization have been found in the geological record and termed giant magnetofossils. The biological origin and function of giant magnetofossils remains unclear, due to the lack of modern analogues to giant magnetofossils. Using distinctive Ptychographic nanotomography data of Precambrian (1.88 Ga) rocks, we recovered the morphology of micrometric cuboid grains of iron oxides embedded in an organic filamentous fossil to construct synthetic magnetosomes. Their morphology is different from that of previously found giant magnetofossils, but their occurrence in filamentous microfossils and micromagnetic simulations support the hypothesis that they could have functioned as a navigation aid, akin to modern magnetosomes.
Structural basis for EROS binding to human phagocyte NADPH oxidase NOX2
Authors: Liang Shiyu , Liu Aijun , Liu Yezhou , Wang Fuxing , Zhou Youli , Long Yuanzhengyang , Wang Tao , Liu Zheng , Ren Ruobing , Ye Richard D.
Published: June 2024

Essential for reactive oxygen species (EROS) protein is a recently identified molecular chaperone of NOX2 (gp91
phox
), the catalytic subunit of phagocyte NADPH oxidase. Deficiency in EROS is a recently identified cause for chronic granulomatous disease, a genetic disorder with recurrent bacterial and fungal infections. Here, we report a cryo-EM structure of the EROS–NOX2–p22
phox
heterotrimeric complex at an overall resolution of 3.56Å. EROS and p22
phox
are situated on the opposite sides of NOX2, and there is no direct contact between them. EROS associates with NOX2 through two antiparallel transmembrane (TM) α-helices and multiple β-strands that form hydrogen bonds with the cytoplasmic domain of NOX2. EROS binding induces a 79° upward bend of TM2 and a 48° backward rotation of the lower part of TM6 in NOX2, resulting in an increase in the distance between the two hemes and a shift of the binding site for flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). These conformational changes are expected to compromise superoxide production by NOX2, suggesting that the EROS-bound NOX2 is in a protected state against activation. Phorbol myristate acetate, an activator of NOX2 in vitro, is able to induce dissociation of NOX2 from EROS with concurrent increase in FAD binding and superoxide production in a transfected COS-7 model. In differentiated neutrophil-like HL-60, the majority of NOX2 on the cell surface is dissociated with EROS. Further studies are required to delineate how EROS dissociates from NOX2 during its transport to cell surface, which may be a potential mechanism for regulation of NOX2 activation.