bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Kinetic Models Capture Cell-Free Metabolism for Improved Butanol Production
Authors: Martin Jacob P. , Rasor Blake J. , DeBonis Jonathon , Karim Ashty S. , Jewett Michael C. , Tyo Keith E.J. , Broadbelt Linda J.
Published: September 2022

Cell-free systems are useful tools for prototyping metabolic pathways and optimizing the production of various bioproducts. Mechanistically-based kinetic models are uniquely suited to analyze dynamic experimental data collected from cell-free systems and provide vital qualitative insight. However, to date, dynamic kinetic models have not been applied with rigorous biological constraints or trained on adequate experimental data to the degree that they would give high confidence in predictions and broadly demonstrate the potential for widespread use of such kinetic models. In this work, we construct a large-scale dynamic model of cell-free metabolism with the goal of understanding and optimizing butanol production in a cell-free system. Using a novel combination of parameterization methods, the resultant model captures experimental metabolite measurements across two experimental conditions for nine metabolites at timepoints between 0 and 24 hours. We present analysis of the model predictions, provide recommendations for butanol optimization, and identify the aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase as the primary bottleneck in butanol production. Sensitivity analysis further reveals the extent to which various parameters are constrained, and our approach for probing valid parameter ranges can be applied to other modeling efforts.
Armor reduction and pelvic girdle loss in a population of threespine stickleback(Gasterosteus aculeatus) from western Newfoundland, Canada
Authors: Scott RJ , Haines GE , Trask CA
Published: September 2022

We describe the antipredator armor of a unique population of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from Narrows Pond in western Newfoundland and compare traits for this population to nearby populations from marine and freshwater systems. After standardizing for length, Narrows Pond stickleback are shallower bodied and have shorter dorsal spines than stickleback from the other populations. Also, though the number of armor plates for Narrows Pond stickleback is greater than for typical low-plate morphs, the size of the lateral plates for Narrows Pond stickleback is much smaller. Finally, most (nearly 75% of sampled individuals) Narrows Pond stickleback do not have a pelvic structure (bilateral pelvic plate, ascending process, and ventral spine) and the remaining individuals have greatly reduced pelvic girdle whereas all individuals from the other populations possessed complete pelvic structures.
Millisecond cryo-trapping by the spitrobot crystal plunger simplifies time-resolved crystallography
Authors: Mehrabi Pedram , Sung Sihyun , von Stetten David , Prester Andreas , Hatton Caitlin E. , Kleine-Döpke Stephan , Berkes Alexander , Gore Gargi , Leimkohl Jan-Philipp , Schikora Hendrik , Kollewe Martin , Rohde Holger , Wilmanns Matthias , Tellkamp Friedjof , Schulz Eike C.
Published: September 2022

We introduce the spitrobot, a protein crystal plunger, enabling reaction quenching via cryo-trapping with millisecond time-resolution. Canonical micromesh loops are mounted on an electropneumatic piston, reactions are initiated via the liquid application method (LAMA), and finally intermediate states are cryo-trapped in liquid nitrogen. We demonstrate binding of several ligands in microcrystals of three enzymes, and trapping of reaction intermediates and conformational changes in macroscopic crystals of tryptophan synthase.
Evaluating proteome allocation ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaephenotypes with resource balance analysis
Authors: Dinh Hoang V. , Maranas Costas D.
Published: September 2022

Saccharomyces cerevisiaeis an important model organism and a workhorse in bioproduction. Here, we reconstructed a compact and tractable genome-scale resource balance analysis (RBA) model (i.e.,scRBA) to analyze metabolic fluxes and proteome allocation in a computationally efficient manner. Resource capacity models such asscRBA provide the quantitative means to identify bottlenecks in biosynthetic pathways due to enzyme, compartment size, and/or ribosome availability limitations. ATP maintenance rate andin vivoapparent turnover numbers (kapp) were regressed from metabolic flux and protein concentration data to capture observed physiological growth yield and proteome efficiency and allocation, respectively. Estimated parameter values were found to vary with oxygen and nutrient availability. Overall, this work (i) provides condition-specific model parameters to recapitulate phenotypes corresponding to different extracellular environments, (ii) alludes to the enhancing effect of substrate channeling and post-translational activation onin vivoenzyme efficiency in glycolysis and electron transport chain, and (iii) reveals that the Crabtree effect is underpinned by specific limitations in mitochondrial proteome capacity and secondarily ribosome availability rather than overall proteome capacity.
Allosteric regulation of switch-II controls K-Ras oncogenicity
Authors: Yang Moon Hee , Tran Timothy H. , Hunt Bethany , Agnor Rebecca , Johnson Christian W. , Waybright Timothy J. , Nowak Jonathan A. , Stephen Andrew G. , Simanshu Dhirendra K. , Haigis Kevin M.
Published: September 2022

Ras proteins are GTPases that regulate a wide range of cellular processes. The activity of Ras is dependent on its nucleotide-binding status, which is modulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Previously, we demonstrated that mutation of lysine 104 to glutamine (K104Q) attenuates the transforming capacity of oncogenic K-Ras by interrupting GEF induced nucleotide exchange. To assess the effect of this mutation in vivo, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate mouse models carrying the K104Q point mutation in wild-type and conditional K-RasLSL-G12D alleles. Consistent with our previous findings from in vitro studies, the oncogenic activity of K-RasG12D was significantly attenuated by mutation at K104 in vivo. These data demonstrate that lysine at position 104 is critical for the full oncogenic activity of mutant K-Ras and suggest that modification at K104, for example acetylation, may also regulate its activity. In addition, animals homozygous for K104Q were viable, fertile, and arose at Mendelian frequency, indicating that K104Q is not a complete loss of function mutation. Using biochemical and structural analysis, we found that the G12D and K104Q mutations cooperate to suppress GEF-mediated nucleotide exchange, explaining the preferential effect of K104Q on oncogenic K-Ras. Finally, we discovered an allosteric regulatory network consisting of K104 and residues including G75 on switch II (SWII) that is the key for regulating the stability of the α helix on SWII. In this allosteric network, K104-G75 interaction might be primary for keeping stabilization of SWII. Given the high frequency of KRAS mutations in human cancers, modulation of this network may provide a unique therapeutic approach.
Liquid-liquid phase separation of intrinsically disordered FG-Nups is driven by highly-dynamic hydrophobic FG-motifs
Authors: Dekker Maurice , van der Giessen Erik , Onck Patrick R.
Published: September 2022

The intrinsically disordered FG-Nups in the NPC central channel can undergo liquid-liquid phase sepration (LLPS) into liquid condensates that display NPC-like permeability barrier properties. Here we present LLPS characteristics of each of the disordered FG-Nups of the yeast NPC. Using molecular dynamics simulations at amino acid resolution, FG-Nup condensates are studied and the main physicochemical driving forces for FG-Nup LLPS are identified. We show that FG-motifs that are predominantly present in the disordered domain of FG-Nups act as highly-dynamic hydrophobic stickers that are essential for the formation of stable liquid-like condensates. Next to that, we study LLPS of an FG-Nup mixture that resembles the NPC stoichiometry and observe that an NPC condensate is formed containing multiple types of FG-Nups. We find that the LLPS of this NPC condensate is also driven by FG–FG interactions, similar to the homotypic FG-Nup condensates. Based on the observed LLPS behavior, we categorize the different FG-Nups of the yeast NPC into two classes: The GLFG-Nups located in the central channel of the NPC phase separate into liquid-like condensates, forming a high-density cohesive barrier that can exclude inert particles. The FG-Nups at the entry and exit of the NPC channel, containing no GLFG-motifs, do not phase separate and possibly form a repulsive barrier by entropically excluding inert particles.
CDKL5 regulates p62-mediated selective autophagy and host antiviral defense
Authors: Thinwa Josephine W. , Zou Zhongju , Parks Emily , Sebti Salwa , Hui Kelvin , Wei Yongjie , Singh Vibha , Urquhart Greg , Jewell Jenna L. , Pfeiffer Julie K. , Levine Beth , Reese Tiffany A. , Shiloh Michael U.
Published: September 2022

Virophagy, the selective autophagosomal engulfment and degradation of viral components, is crucial for antiviral immunity. However, the mechanisms leading to viral antigen recognition and autophagy induction remain poorly understood. Here, we identify a novel kinase, Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5), as an essential regulator of virophagy. Deletion of CDKL5 or abrogation of its kinase activity reduced virophagy of Sindbis virus (SINV), a neurotropic RNA virus, and increased intracellular accumulation of SINV capsid proteins and cellular cytotoxicity. Mechanistically, through direct phosphorylation of the selective autophagy receptor p62, CDKL5 promoted formation of p62 inclusion bodies that bound capsid. Loss of CDKL5 disrupted the capsid-p62 interaction, and a p62 phosphomimetic mutant rescued the interaction. CDKL5 knockout mice demonstrated increased neuronal cell death after SINV infection and enhanced lethality after infection with several human viruses. Overall, these findings identify a cell-autonomous innate immune mechanism for autophagy activation to clear toxic viral capsid aggregates during infection.
Antibiotic perseverance increases the risk of resistance development
Authors: Brandis Gerrit , Larsson Jimmy , Elf Johan
Published: September 2022

The rise of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections poses a global threat. Antibiotic resistance development is generally studied in batch cultures which conceals the heterogeneity in cellular responses. Using single-cell imaging, we studied the growth response of Escherichia coli to sub-inhibitory and inhibitory concentrations of nine antibiotics. We found that the heterogeneity in growth increases more than what is expected from growth rate reduction for five out of the nine antibiotics tested. For two antibiotics (rifampicin and nitrofurantoin), we found that sub-populations were able to maintain growth at lethal antibiotic concentrations for up to 10 generations. This perseverance of growth increased the effective population size and led to an up to 40-fold increase in antibiotic resistance development in Gram-negative and Gram-positive species. We conclude that antibiotic perseverance is a common phenomenon across the bacterial kingdom that has the potential to impact antibiotic resistance development.
A genetically encoded tool to increase cellular NADH/NAD+ ratio in living cells
Authors: Heacock Mina L. , Abdulaziz Evana N. , Pan Xingxiu , Zuckerman Austin L. , Violante Sara , Yao Canglin , Cross Justin R. , Cracan Valentin
Published: September 2022

Impaired reduction/oxidation (redox) metabolism is a key contributor to the etiology of many diseases, including primary mitochondrial disorders, cancer, neurodegeneration, and aging. However, mechanistic studies of redox imbalance remain challenging due to limited strategies which can perturb cellular redox metabolism and model pathology in various cellular, tissue, or organismal backgrounds without creating additional and potentially confounding metabolic perturbations. To date, most studies involving impaired redox metabolism have focused on oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production; consequently, less is known about the settings where there is an overabundance of reducing equivalents, termed reductive stress. NADH reductive stress has been modeled using pharmacologic inhibition of the electron transport chain (ETC) and ethanol supplementation. Still, both these methods have significant drawbacks. Here, we introduce a soluble transhydrogenase from E. coli (EcSTH) as a novel genetically encoded tool to promote NADH overproduction in living cells. When expressed in mammalian cells, EcSTH, and a mitochondrially-targeted version (mitoEcSTH), can elevate the NADH/NAD+ ratio in a compartment-specific manner. Using this tool, we determine the metabolic and transcriptomic signatures of NADH reductive stress in mammalian cells. We also find that cellular responses to NADH reductive stress, including blunted proliferation, are dependent on cellular background and identify the metabolic reactions that sense changes in the cellular NADH/NAD+ balance. Collectively, our novel genetically encoded tool represents an orthogonal strategy to perturb redox metabolism and characterize the impact on normal physiology and disease states.
BLOod Test Trend for cancEr Detection (BLOTTED): protocol for an observational and prediction model development study using English primary care electronic health records data
Authors: Virdee Pradeep S. , Bankhead Clare , Koshiaris Constantinos , Drakesmith Cynthia Wright , Oke Jason , Withrow Diana , Swain Subhashisa , Collins Kiana , Chammas Lara , Tamm Andres , Zhu Tingting , Morris Eva , Holt Tim , Birks Jacqueline , Perera Rafael , Hobbs FD Richard , Nicholson Brian D.
Published: September 2022

Background

Simple blood tests can play an important role in identifying patients for cancer investigation. The current evidence base is limited almost entirely to tests used in isolation. However, recent evidence suggests combining multiple types of blood tests and investigating trends in blood test results over time could be more useful to select patients for further cancer investigation. Such trends could increase cancer yield and reduce unnecessary referrals. We aim to explore whether trends in blood test results are more useful than symptoms or single blood test results in selecting primary care patients for cancer investigation. We aim to develop clinical prediction models that incorporate trends in blood tests to identify risk of cancer.

Methods

Primary care electronic health records data from the English Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum primary care database will be accessed and linked to cancer registrations and secondary care datasets. Using a cohort study design, we will describe patterns in blood testing (Aim 1) and explore associations between covariates and trends in blood tests with cancer using mixed-effects, Cox, and joint models (Aim 2). To build the predictive models for risk of cancer, we will use multivariate joint modelling and machine-learning, incorporating simultaneous trends in multiple blood tests, together with other covariates (Aim 3). Model performance will be assessed using various performance measures, including c-statistic and calibration plots.

Discussion

These models will form decision rules to help general practitioners find patients who need referral for further investigation of cancer. This could increase cancer yield, reduce unnecessary referrals, and give more patients the opportunity for treatment and improved outcomes.
Targeting a broad spectrum of KRAS-mutant cancers by hyperactivation-induced cell death
Authors: Lilja Johanna , Kaivola Jasmin , Conway James R.W. , Vuorio Joni , Parkkola Hanna , Roivas Pekka , Varila Taru , Jacquemet Guillaume , Peuhu Emilia , Wang Emily , Pentikäinen Ulla , Posada Itziar Martinez D. , Hamidi Hellyeh , Najumudeen Arafat K. , Sansom Owen J. , Barsukov Igor L. , Abankwa Daniel , Vattulainen Ilpo , Salmi Marko , Ivaska Johanna
Published: September 2022

The KRAS oncogene drives many common and highly fatal malignancies. These include pancreatic, lung, and colorectal cancer, where numerous different activating KRAS mutations have made the development of KRAS inhibitors difficult. Here we identify the scaffold protein SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domain 3 (SHANK3) as a RAS interactor that binds overactive mutant forms to limit oncogenic KRAS signalling and maintain RAS- activity at an optimal level. Depletion of SHANK3 results in hyperactivation of KRAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling, which in turn selectively induces MAPK/ERK-dependent cell death in KRAS-mutant cancers. Furthermore, targeting of this therapeutic vulnerability through nanobody- or RNA interference- mediated disruption of the SHANK3-KRAS interaction reduces tumour growth in vivo. Thus, inhibition of the SHANK3-KRAS interaction represents a new pan-KRAS-mutant compatible strategy for selective killing of KRAS- mutant cancer cells through excessive signalling.

Graphical abstract

Schematic model of SHANK3-controlled cell fate in KRAS-mutant cancers. SHANK3 directly interacts with KRAS and competes with RAF for KRAS binding to sustain oncogenic RAS-MAPK/ERK signalling at an optimal level (i.e. below toxic oncogenic signalling) in KRAS-mutant cancers. SHANK3 silencing (1) and inhibition of SHANK3-KRAS interaction (2) drive KRAS-mutant cells into cell death.
CFAP410 has a bimodular architecture with a conserved surface patch on its N-terminal LRR motif for binding interaction partners
Authors: Stadler Alexander , Gabriel Heloisa B. , De Liz Laryssa V. , Alonso-Gil Santiago , Deng Xuan , Crickley Robbie , Korbula Katharina , Huang Kaiyao , Žagrović Bojan , Vaughan Sue , Sunter Jack D. , Dong Gang
Published: September 2022

Cilia and flagella associated protein 410 (CFAP410) is a protein localized at the basal body of cilia/flagella and plays essential roles in ciliogenesis. Multiple single amino acid mutations in CFAP410 have been identified in patients. However, the molecular mechanism for how the mutations cause these disorders remains poorly understood due to a lack of high-resolution structures of the protein. Our studies demonstrate that CFAP410 adopts a bimodular architecture. We have previously reported our structural studies on the C-terminal domain (CTD) of CFAP410 from various organisms. Here we report a 1.0-Å resolution crystal structure of the N-terminal domain (NTD) ofTrypanosoma bruceiCFAP410. We further examined how the disease-causing mutations in this domain may affect the folding and structural stability of CFAP410. Our results suggest that the single-residue mutations in the CFAP410-NTD cause human diseases by destabilizing the structure that subsequently disrupts its interaction with other partners.
Consumers attitude toward lack of food safety
Authors: Niewczas-Dobrowolska Magdalena
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Food safety is an important characteristic of food, because it influences health. Perception of food hazards is a complex issue. Consumers have different perceptions regarding the probability of a hazard occurring in different food groups. If a hazard appears in the food, it has severe consequences. This is not only because of the negative impact on health and life but also because of the entire economy and image of producers.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey using the Computer-Assisted Web Interviewing method was conducted in January 2020 in Poland with 2,000 respondents to collect information about consumers' perception of food safety and lack of food safety.

Findings

It was shown that this perception depends mainly on gender and the decisiveness on food purchase. The similarity of the country from which the hazard comes as well as the scientists' knowledge about the hazard influences hazard perception by consumers. If a hazard appears in food, it has serious consequences for consumers, food chain actors, public finance and so on. The occurrence of food hazards causes consumers to stop buying this food product.

Originality/value

This study provides interesting information about consumers' perception of the lack of food safety. These results can be used by food producers and food safety authorities. The results also provide input information for further research on the perception of food safety in various types of food products.
Country image effects after the Brexit crisis. A cross-cultural comparison
Authors: Aragonés-Jericó Cristina , Rodríguez-Santos Carmen , Vila-López Natalia , Küster-Boluda Inés
Published: September 2022

Purpose

In the context of Brexit, this study aims to analyse whether the worsening of the UK’s image might have triggered: worse feelings towards the tourism workers and a decrease in the final intention to travel to the UK. This paper compares responses from high and low-context tourists to identify at which target the reactions are more intense.

Design/methodology/approach

Hypotheses were formulated in a general model based on the theory of reasoned action applied to Country Image in the tourism sector, comparing the model in high (150 responses) versus low-context (406 responses) scenarios. Structural equation modelling methodology was used.

Findings

The intention to travel to the UK worsens when two out of the three dimensions of country image worsen (aesthetical and functional) and also when feelings towards workers in this country worsen. Related to cross-cultural differences, the main effect on feelings towards workers comes from the normative dimension of the UK’s image, together with the aesthetic perception. Moreover, travellers’ intentions are influenced by functional and aesthetic perceptions of the country as well as feelings towards workers. High-context cultures showed a significantly stronger effect of the aesthetic dimension of the country on feelings towards workers.

Originality/value

This paper tries to advance the understanding of how feelings towards employees in the UK can determine future visits to this destination. In addition, some cultural differences may explain why low-context cultures are more affected by the worsening of the UK’s image after Brexit.
Do commodities hedge regional stock markets at the same effectiveness level? Evidence from MGARCH models
Authors: Zghal Rania , Melki Amel , Ghorbel Ahmed
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This present work aims at looking into whether or not introducing commodities in international equity portfolios helps reduce the market risk and if hedging is carried out with the same effectiveness across different regional stock markets.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors determine the optimal hedge ratios and hedging effectiveness of a number of commodity-hedged emerging and developed equity markets, using three versions of MGARCH model: DCC, ADCC and GO-GARCH. The authors also use a rolling window estimation procedure for the purpose of constructing out-of-sample one-step-ahead forecasts of dynamic conditional correlations and optimal hedge ratios.

Findings

Empirical results evince that commodities significantly display effective risk-reducing hedge instruments in short and long runs. The main finding is that commodities do not seem to hedge regional stock markets in the same way. They tend to provide evidence of a rather effective hedging regarding mainly the East European and Latin American stock markets.

Originality/value

The authors study whether commodities can hedge stock markets at regional context and if hedging effectiveness differ from one region to another.
Resonant leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: a moderated-mediation analysis of followers’ resilience
Authors: Tabche Ibrahim , Behery Mohamed H. , Bin Ahmad Kamarul Zaman
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the relation between resonant leadership (RL) and organizational citizenship behaviors while testing for the mediation effects of followers’ resilience (FR) and gender as a moderating effect, all within the United Arab Emirates (UAE) business environment.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper uses cross-sectional data collected through a questionnaire from 467 employees working at various organizations in the UAE. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The mediating and moderating effects were tested using Preacher and Hayes’s (2008) macro models.

Findings

Results confirmed that RL positively affected employees’ organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs). It also confirmed the mediating role of FR between RL and organizational citizenship behavior. Gender moderated the relation between RL and OCB but not between RL and FR.

Practical implications

Managers can use RL styles to improve workers’ resilience and OCB of employees, especially females.

Originality/value

It is important to understand the relation between such variables in times of crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, where the relationship between the leadership style of the organizational managers and employees can greatly impact employees’ behaviors and organizational performance.
Improving information alignment and coordination in humanitarian supply chain through blockchain technology
Authors: Dubey Rameshwar , Gunasekaran Angappa , Foropon Cyril R.H.
Published: September 2022

Purpose

The coordination among the various entities such as the military, government agencies, civilians, non-governmental agencies, and other commercial enterprises is one of the most challenging aspects of managing the humanitarian supply chain. Blockchain technology (BCT) can facilitate coordination, but the cost and other hindrances have limited their application in disaster relief operations. Despite some studies, the existing literature does not provide a nuanced understanding of the application of blockchain technology to improve information alignment and coordination. Motivated by some recent examples where blockchain technology has been used to trace and mobilize resources in the form of funds and materials from the origin to the destination, the authors develop a theoretical model grounded in the contingent resource-based view.

Design/methodology/approach

To empirically validate the model and test the research hypotheses, the authors gathered cross-sectional data using a structured pre-tested questionnaire. In this study, the authors gathered our responses from international non-governmental organizations from twenty-four countries. The authors performed the statistical analyses using variance-based structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with the help of commercial software (WarpPLS 7.0).

Findings

The findings of the study offer some useful implications for theory and practice. The results obtained through statistical analyses suggest that the BCT significantly affects information alignment and coordination. However, contrary to popular beliefs the study suggests that intergroup leadership has no significant moderating effect on the paths joining BCT and information alignment/coordination. Moreover, the authors found that the control variable (interdependence) significantly affects the information alignment and coordination further, which opens the room for further investigation.

Practical implications

The result of the study offers some useful guidance. Firstly, it suggests that humanitarian organizations should invest in BCT to improve information alignment and coordination which is one of the most complex tasks in front of humanitarian organizations. Secondly, intergroup leadership may not have desired influence on the effects of BCT on information alignment/coordination. However, the interdependence of the humanitarian organizations on each other may have a significant influence on the information alignment/coordination.

Originality/value

The study offers some useful implications for theory. For instance, how BCT influences information alignment and coordination was not well understood in the context of humanitarian settings. Hence, this study offers a nuanced understanding of technology-enabled coordination in humanitarian settings.
A systematic model of stable seller–buyer matching with true preference induction in E-commerce platform
Authors: Gao Tai-Guang , Ye Qiang , Huang Min , Wang Qing
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This paper mainly focuses on how to induce all members to represent members' true preferences for supply and demand matching of E-commerce platform in order to generate stable matching schemes with more social welfare of Multi-agent Matching Platform (MMP) and individually stable advantages than traditional methods.

Design/methodology/approach

An MMP is designed. Meanwhile, a true preference inducing method, Lower-Bid Ranking (LBR), is proposed to reduce the number of false preferences, which is helpful to solve the problem that too much false preferences leads to low efficiency of platform operation and supply and demand matching. Then, a systematic model of LBR-based Stable Matching (SM-LBR) is proposed.

Findings

To obtain an ideal transaction partner, the adequate preference ordering and modifying according to market environment is needed for everyone, and the platform should give full play to the platforms' information advantages and process historical transaction and cooperation data. Meanwhile, the appropriate supply and demand matching is beneficial to improve the efficiency and quality of platform operation, and the design of matching guidance mechanism is essential.

Originality/value

The numerical experiments show that, the proposed model (SM-LBR) can induce members to represent the model's true preferences for stable matching and generate effective matchings with more social welfare of MMP and individually stable advantages than traditional methods, which may provide necessary method and model reference for the research of stable matching and E-commerce platform operation.
Managing campgrounds and “glampgrounds”
Authors: Craig Christopher
Published: September 2022

Research methodology

Ethnographic interview/observation; analysis of public data; literature review.

Case overview/synopsis

As of 2020, camping was growing in popularity among new and experienced travelers. The growth of the outdoor accommodation type led to for-profit and nonprofit campgrounds operating at or near capacity during peak season. Camping Coast-To-Coast (CCTC), a for-profit camping business that managed approximately 500 campgrounds in the USA, was struggling to meet growth objectives because they too were operating at or near capacity at most of their campgrounds. This case analyzes a newly proposed strategy: developing glamping campgrounds (i.e. glampgrounds) near CCTC’s existing traditional campgrounds. Glamping is a luxurious form of camping characterized by modern amenities and services. The chief executive officer (CEO) was not only able to identify several opportunities that would support a recommended pilot glampground but also identified several threats and firm weaknesses that could deter travelers from paying premium prices for luxurious glampground accommodations. The CEO was left wondering: should I recommend a new glampground development to investors and board members at an upcoming annual meeting or not?

Complexity academic level

The case was developed with two purposes in mind: to be taught in an outdoor tourism management course (junior level) and to be used for association to advance collegiate schools of business master of business administration accreditation to measure four learning objectives: decision-making, problem-solving, application of business frameworks and writing. Thus, this case is optimal for upper-level undergraduate or graduate management and tourism courses including principles of management, strategic management and tourism management.
Evaluating the utility of telehealth in emergency medicine
Authors: Sri‐Ganeshan Muhuntha , Cameron Peter A , O'Reilly Gerard M , Mitra Biswadev , Smit De Villiers
Published: September 2022

There has been great interest regarding tele‐emergency care (TEC) and its utility following the COVID‐19 pandemic. We have seen a roll out of multiple TEC services across Australia, operating in isolation, without coordination and under differing models of care, creating the potential for an uncoordinated, inefficient healthcare system. We outline a potential framework under which TEC services might function as part of the current system, defining potential strategies that may be used to appropriately coordinate the acute care of select patients outside of the ED as well as improve the efficiency of the physical ED itself.
Hybrid electrosynthesis as non‐genetic approach for regulating microbial metabolism towards waste valorization in circular framework
Authors: Sravan J. Shanthi , Mohan S. Venkata
Published: September 2022

Biogenic waste (solid/liquid/gaseous) utilization in biological processes has disruptive potential of inclining towards carbon neutrality, while producing diverse products output. Anaerobic fermentation (methanogenesis and acidogenesis) routes are crucial bioprocesses for production of various renewable chemicals (carboxylate platform/organic acids, short/medium chain alcohols, aldehydes, biopolymers) and fuels (methane, hydrogen, hythane, biodiesel and electricity), while individual operations posing process limitations on their conversion efficiency. Advantageous benefit of using the individual bioprocess technicalities is of utmost importance in the context of sustainability to conceptualize and execute integrated waste biorefinery. The opinion article intends to document/familiarize the waste‐fed biorefinery potential with application of hybrid advancements towards multiple product/energy/renewable chemical spectrum leading to carbon neutrality bioprocesses. Unique and notable challenges with diverse process integrations along with electrochemical/interspecies‐redox metabolites‐materials synergy/enzymatic interventions are specifically emphasized on application‐oriented waste feedstock potential towards achieving sustainability.
A guide for developing a field research safety manual that explicitly considers risks for marginalized identities in the sciences
Authors: Rudzki Elizabeth N. , Kuebbing Sara E. , Clark David R. , Gharaibeh Burhan , Janecka Mary J. , Kramp Rachael , Kohl Kevin D. , Mastalski Talia , Ohmer Michel E. B. , Turcotte Martin M. , Richards‐Zawacki Corinne L.
Published: September 2022

Field research can be an important component of the career trajectories for researchers in numerous academic fields; however, conducting research in field settings poses risks to health and safety, and researchers from marginalized groups often face greater risks than those experienced by other researchers in their fields; If these additional risks are not actively and thoughtfully mitigated, they are likely to hinder the participation of qualified investigators in field research and counteract efforts to improve and promote diversity, equity and inclusion in the field sciences.

Here we provide, from our perspectives as co‐authors of a field safety manual for the Department of Biological Sciences at the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania, United States, (A) background on risks and barriers that should be considered when planning and conducting field research and (B) suggestions on how to work as a collaborative team for developing an inclusive field safety manual.

As an example of a manual this proposed process has yielded, we have included our own field safety manual written with diversity, equity and inclusion as a central focus.

We hope this publication serves as a starting point for those interested in developing a similar document for use in their laboratory group, department or institution.
Simulated genetic efficacy of metapopulation management and conservation value of captive reintroductions in a rapidly declining felid
Authors: Magliolo M. , Naude V. N. , van der Merwe V. C. , Prost S. , Orozco‐terWengel P. , Burger P. A. , Kotze A. , Grobler J. P. , Dalton D. L.
Published: September 2022

In South Africa, cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) occur as a relictual, unmanaged population of ‘free‐roamers’, a managed metapopulation across fenced reserves, and in various captive facilities. To ensure that the Cheetah Metapopulation Project (CMP) is not at risk of losing overall genetic variation to drift or inbreeding, we propose various interventions, including exchanges between free‐roamers and the metapopulation or supplementation with unrelated individuals from captivity. Simulated trajectories of genetic diversity under such intervention strategies over time could directly inform conservation action and policy towards securing the long‐term genetic integrity of the CMP. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped for 172 adult cheetahs across the free‐roamer population, the metapopulation, and three major captive facilities. Management intervention trajectory models were tested including, (1) no intervention, (2) genetic exchange between free‐roamers and the metapopulation, (3) translocation from a single captive facility and (4) translocation from several captive facilities into the metapopulation. Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC) showed that two captive populations are highly differentiated from the metapopulation and each other, whilst the third captive and free‐roamer populations are genetically more similar to the metapopulation. Simulated genetic variation over 25 generations indicated that models 1 and 2 show significant losses of heterozygosity due to genetic drift and present a proportional increase in the frequencies of 1st‐ and 2nd‐degree relatives, whilst this variation and pairwise relatedness remain relatively constant under models 3 and 4. We emphasise the potential importance of captive facilities as reservoirs of genetic diversity in metapopulation management and threatened species recovery.
Multicentre randomised trials in anaesthesia: an analysis using Bayesian metrics
Authors: Seretny M. , Barlow J. , Sidebotham D.
Published: September 2022

Are the results of randomised trials reliable and are p values and confidence intervals the best way of quantifying efficacy? Low power is common in medical research, which reduces the probability of obtaining a ‘significant result’ and declaring the intervention had an effect. Metrics derived from Bayesian methods may provide an insight into trial data unavailable from p values and confidence intervals. We did a structured review of multicentre trials in anaesthesia that were published in the New England Journal of Medicine, The Lancet, Journal of the American Medical Association, British Journal of Anaesthesia and Anesthesiology between February 2011 and November 2021. We documented whether trials declared a non‐zero effect by an intervention on the primary outcome. We documented the expected and observed effect sizes. We calculated a Bayes factor from the published trial data indicating the probability of the data under the null hypothesis of zero effect relative to the alternative hypothesis of a non‐zero effect. We used the Bayes factor to calculate the post‐test probability of zero effect for the intervention (having assumed 50% belief in zero effect before the trial). We contacted all authors to estimate the costs of running the trials. The median (IQR [range]) hypothesised and observed absolute effect sizes were 7% (3–13% [0–25%]) vs. 2% (1–7% [0–24%]), respectively. Non‐zero effects were declared for 12/56 outcomes (21%). The Bayes factor favouring a zero effect relative to a non‐zero effect for these 12 trials was 0.000001–1.9, with post‐test zero effect probabilities for the intervention of 0.0001–65%. The other 44 trials did not declare non‐zero effects, with Bayes factors favouring zero effect of 1–688, and post‐test probabilities of zero effect of 53–99%. The median (IQR [range]) study costs reported by 20 corresponding authors in US$ were $1,425,669 ($514,766–$2,526,807 [$120,758–$24,763,921]). We think that inadequate power and mortality as an outcome are why few trials declared non‐zero effects. Bayes factors and post‐test probabilities provide a useful insight into trial results, particularly when p values approximate the significance threshold.
When pouches cannot empty: a cohort study of the symptoms this causes, the reasons it's happening, and the treatments needed
Authors: Nugent Emmeline , Church James M.
Published: September 2022

Background

Patients with an ileal pouch have a new system of defecation. The expulsive peristalsis of the rectum is replaced by the inertia of the pouch. Defecation becomes dependent on gravity and patients are prone to inefficient pouch‐emptying. Several factors can impact pouch emptying and here we review a series of patients to illustrate these factors and their variable presentations.

Methods

This is a retrospective, descriptive study of a series of patients who had undergone total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomosis and presented with pouch dysfunction. Patients underwent investigations including, pouchoscopy, pouchography and anorectal physiology testing.

Results

There were 34 patients, 18 men, mean age 48.4 years. Thirty‐one had a J‐pouch and 3 an S‐pouch. Twenty‐eight had a stapled and 6 a hand‐sewn anastomosis. Presenting complaints included difficulty emptying the pouch (n = 17), high stool frequency (n = 8), clinical bowel obstruction (n = 7), and nocturnal incontinence (n = 3). Diagnoses were anal stenosis (11), afferent‐limb syndrome (n = 7), pouch twist (n = 4), paradoxical puborectalis contraction (n = 7), efferent‐limb spasm/stenosis (n = 2), mega‐pouch (n = 3), pouch prolapse (n = 1), and pouch‐rectal anastomosis (n = 1). Treatments included anal dilation (n = 11), disimpaction (n = 2), biofeedback (n = 2), pouch excision (n = 2), laparotomy with lysis of adhesions (n = 6), Botox injection into puborectalis (n = 6), catheter drainage (3), and miralax (n = 11). All patients with a stenosis had some improvement after dilation, and surgery restored pouch function.

Conclusions

Accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of pouch dysfunction is based on an appreciation of pouch physiology, correction of anatomic abnormalities that impair emptying, and management of stool consistency.
Interpretation of computed tomography of the cervical spine by non‐radiologists: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wani Suhail , Fitzgerald Mark C. , Varma Dinesh , Mitra Biswadev
Published: September 2022

Background

After trauma, clearance of the cervical spine refers to the exclusion of underlying serious injuries. Accurate assessment of computed tomography (CT) is commonly required prior to clearance of the cervical spine. Delays to clearance can lead to prolonged immobilization with associated patient discomfort and adverse effects. This systematic review aimed to determine performance of non‐radiologists to evaluate cervical spine CT.

Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane library with sources of grey literature and reference lists of selected articles were appraised from inception to April 2021. We included manuscripts that reported discordance in CT cervical spine interpretation between non‐radiologists and radiologists. The Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS) was used to assess quality of included studies and statistical heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic.

Results

There were 43 studies identified for eligibility and 4 manuscripts included in the final analysis. There were two studies that reported on the performance of radiology residents, one study on the performance of surgical residents and one on emergency physicians. The pooled discordance was 0.25 (95%CI 0.21–0.28) but was lower for radiology residents (range 0.007–0.05). There was significant statistical heterogeneity (I2 = 99.6%, P < 0.001) among studies.

Conclusion

There is a paucity of evidence documenting the ability of non‐radiologists in accurately interpreting CT of the cervical spine. A number of discordant findings suggest that studies with larger sample sizes are indicated to accurately ascertain the ability of non‐radiologists in this area.
Economic burden of complications and readmission following oesophageal cancer surgery
Authors: Browning Alison F. , Chong Lynn , Read Matthew , Hii Michael W.
Published: September 2022

Background

Oesophageal cancer is the seventh most prevalent malignancy globally, and the sixth most common cause of cancer‐related death. Oesophageal cancer is also one of the most costly cancers to treat. The aim of this study was to assess the financial impact of post‐operative morbidity and hospital readmissions following oesophagectomy for oesophageal cancer.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed on a prospectively maintained database of patients with oesophageal cancer who underwent an oesophagectomy at a single centre between July 2014 and June 2019 (N = 56). Readmission costs were also assessed in this cohort for 12 months post‐operatively.

Results

The total median cost for oesophagectomy in this cohort was AU$57 250. Major complications occurred in 40% of patients, with a median total admission cost of AU$74 606, significantly higher than patients with either minor or no complications (median admission cost of AU$52 713, P < 0.001). Patients whose operation was complicated by an anastomotic leak had a higher median admission cost than those without a leak (AU$104 328 and AU$54 972 respectively, P < 0.001). Cost centres representing the greatest proportion of costs were theatre resources and surgical ward care (medical and nursing). A total of 110 readmissions in 25 patients were recorded in the 12 months post‐operatively, the majority for gastroscopy and dilatation of anastomotic stricture.

Conclusion

Post‐oesophagectomy morbidity greatly increases cost of care. In addition to the clinical benefits, interventions to minimize post‐operative complications are likely to result in substantial cost savings.
Female fecundability is associated with pre‐pregnancy allostatic load: Analysis of a Chinese cohort
Authors: Hong Xiang , Yin Jiechen , Zhao Fanqi , Wang Wei , Ding Xiaoling , Yu Hong , Wang Bei
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Allostatic load (AL) is a practical index that reflects multi‐system physiological changes which occur in response to chronic psychosocial stress. This study investigated the association between female pre‐pregnancy allostatic load and time to pregnancy.

Material and methods

We enrolled 444 women who met the inclusion criteria and were attempting to achieve pregnancy. Their allostatic load scores at baseline were evaluated by nine indicators (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, plasma cortisol, noradrenaline, interleukin‐6, hypersensitive C‐reactive protein, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and body mass index). The participants were followed up and their pregnancy outcome ascertained 1 year later; we then calculated time‐to‐pregnancy. Cox models were used to estimate fecundability ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for different allostatic load scores.

Results

The median allostatic load score was 1 with a range of 0–6. The females were divided into four groups according to allostatic load score: group A (allostatic load = 0, 150/444, 33.8%), group B (allostatic load = 1–2, 156/444, 35.1%), group C (allostatic load = 3–4, 100/444, 22.5%) and group D (allostatic load = 5–6, 38/444, 8.6%). The cumulative pregnancy rate over 12 months for the four groups (A–D) was 55.4%, 44.5%, 50.9% and 26.9%, respectively (log‐rank test, p = 0.042). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, group D showed a 59% reduction of fecundability compared with group A (fecundability ratio = 0.41, 95% CI 0.21–0.83).

Conclusions

Women with a higher allostatic load score may have lower fecundability. Our findings suggest that the assessment of allostatic load during pre‐conception consultation would be highly prudent.