bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
YouTube™ videos related to human papillomavirus: the need for professional communication
Authors: Basch Corey H. , Hillyer Grace Clarke , Berdnik Alyssa , Basch Charles E.
Published: April 2016

YouTube™ is a frequently visited website that contains a large and diverse collection of health-related videos. The aim of this study was to identify the most popular videos on YouTube™.com related to human papillomavirus (HPV) and describe their content. This cross-sectional study involved using the search terms “HPV” and “human papillomavirus” to determine a purposive sample composed of an equal number of the most popular “professional” (n=35) and “consumer” (n=35) videos identified. Video content was analyzed and those videos related to HPV vaccination in any way were analyzed further to denote the nature of the message. The majority of videos (81.4%) provided general information related to HPV, discussed the association of HPV infection and the development of cancer (81.4%), and addressed HPV screening (64.3%). Just under one-half (n=34) of the videos addressed vaccination. Fifteen of these were neutral, while six were encouraging and 13 were discouraging. The videos included in this study were viewed ~17 million times, which indicates their potential for influencing public awareness and opinions. Of the videos devoted to HPV vaccination, few were encouraging. These videos may impede efforts to increase rates of HPV vaccination, which are already far below target levels.
Mixed Messages from Europe on Drug Policy Reform: The Cases of Sweden and the Netherlands
Authors: Chatwin Caroline
Published: April 2016

This article examines the variety of drug policy in operation within Europe by focusing on Sweden (relatively restrictive) and the Netherlands (relatively liberal) as case studies. It analyses European data to produce an in-depth overview of the nature of the illegal drugs situation in both countries, focusing on both successes and areas that could be improved. Finally it appraises the appetite for drug policy reform in terms of (i) cannabis regulation and (ii) treaty reform in each country. The main conclusions suggest that there are no common indicators of success by which drug policies in general can be judged, and there is little agreement within Europe about whether or not we are in need of drug policy reform. It suggests that a successful global drug policy should celebrate diversity and should also seek to provide an international framework within which different global drug strategies can be evaluated.
Uncountably many non-commensurable finitely presented pro-p groups
Authors: Snopce Ilir
Published: April 2016

Let m ≥ 3 be a positive integer. We prove that there are uncountably many non-commensurable metabelian uniform pro-p groups of dimension m. Consequently, there are uncountably many non-commensurable finitely presented pro-p groups with minimal number of generators m (and minimal number of relations

m
2

${ \binom{m}{2}}$

).
General numerical radius inequalities for matrices of operators
Authors: Al-Dolat Mohammed , Al-Zoubi Khaldoun , Ali Mohammed , Bani-Ahmad Feras
Published: April 2016

Let Ai
∈ B(H), (i = 1, 2, ..., n), and

T
=

[

0

⋯

0

A
1

⋮

⋰

A
2

0

0

⋰

⋰

⋮

A
n

0

⋯

0

]

$
T = \left[ {\matrix{
0 & \cdots & 0 & {A_1 } \cr
\vdots & {\mathinner{\mkern2mu\raise1pt\hbox{.}\mkern2mu
\raise4pt\hbox{.}\mkern2mu\raise7pt\hbox{.}\mkern1mu}} & {A_2 } & 0 \cr
0 & {\mathinner{\mkern2mu\raise1pt\hbox{.}\mkern2mu
\raise4pt\hbox{.}\mkern2mu\raise7pt\hbox{.}\mkern1mu}} & {\mathinner{\mkern2mu\raise1pt\hbox{.}\mkern2mu
\raise4pt\hbox{.}\mkern2mu\raise7pt\hbox{.}\mkern1mu}} & \vdots \cr
{A_n } & 0 & \cdots & 0 \cr
} } \right]
$

. In this paper, we present some upper bounds and lower bounds for w(T). At the end of this paper we drive a new bound for the zeros of polynomials.
On the weakly(α, ψ, ξ)-contractive condition for multi-valued operators in metric spaces and related fixed point results
Authors: Kutbi Marwan Amin , Sintunavarat Wutiphol
Published: April 2016

The aim of this paper is to introduce the concept of a new nonlinear multi-valued mapping so called weakly (α, ψ, ξ)-contractive mapping and prove fixed point results for such mappings in metric spaces. Our results unify, generalize and complement various results from the literature. We give some examples which support our main results while previous results in literature are not applicable. Also, we analyze the existence of fixed points for mappings satisfying a general contractive inequality of integral type. Many fixed point results for multi-valued mappings in metric spaces endowed with an arbitrary binary relation and metric spaces endowed with graph are given here to illustrate the results in this paper.
Subsymmetry and asymmetry models for multiway square contingency tables with ordered categories
Authors: Aktaş Serpil
Published: April 2016

This paper suggests several models that describe the symmetry and asymmetry structure of each subdimension for the multiway square contingency table with ordered categories. A classical three-way categorical example is examined to illustrate the model results. These models analyze the subsymmetric and asymetric structure of the table.
Bounds for the Z-eigenpair of general nonnegative tensors
Authors: Liu Qilong , Li Yaotang
Published: April 2016

In this paper, we consider the Z-eigenpair of a tensor. A lower bound and an upper bound for the Z-spectral radius of a weakly symmetric nonnegative irreducible tensor are presented. Furthermore, upper bounds of Z-spectral radius of nonnegative tensors and general tensors are given. The proposed bounds improve some existing ones. Numerical examples are reported to show the effectiveness of the proposed bounds.
Recent Advances in Macromolecularly Imprinted Polymers by Controlled Radical Polymerization Techniques
Authors: Zhang Huiqi
Published: April 2016

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic receptors with tailor-made recognition sites for the target molecules. Their high molecular recognition ability, good stability, easy preparation, and low cost make them highly promising substitutes for biological receptors. Recent years have witnessed rapidly increasing interest in the imprinting of biomacromolecules and especially proteins because of the great potential of these MIPs in such applications as proteome analysis, clinical diagnostics, and biomedicine. So far, some useful strategies have been developed for the imprinting of proteins and controlled radical polymerization techniques have proven highly versatile for such purpose. This mini-review describes recent developments in the controlled preparation of proteins-imprinted polymers via such advanced polymerization techniques.
Magnetic surface imprinted hydrogel nanoparticles for specific and reversible stabilization of proteins
Authors: Liu Yibin , Zhai Junqiu , Dong Jiantong , Zhao Meiping
Published: April 2016

In this work, we demonstrate the unique capability of surface imprinted hydrogels over magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@MIP-NPs) for protection of enzyme proteins from denaturation induced by heat, UV irradiation, ultrasonication and addition of urea. Moreover, the Fe3O4@MIP-NPs successfully enabled rapid renaturation of heat-denatured proteins under mild conditions. These interesting properties of MIP nanoparticles offer useful tools for protection and renaturation of proteins in various applications.
Transcription-Type Protein Imprinted Polymers for SPR Sensing Prepared Using Target-immobilized Stamps based on Submicrometer-Sized Particles via Biotin-Avidin Linkage
Authors: Yoshizawa Satoshi , Kuwata Takahiro , Takano Eri , Kitayama Yukiya , Takeuchi Toshifumi
Published: April 2016

Transcribed molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), prepared by using the biotinylated submicrometersized particles-immobilized stamp on which the biotinconjugated protein was hierarchically immobilized via avidin, were used successfully in the recognition of cytochrome c (Cyt) as a model protein. The transcribed MIP for Cyt was prepared on the gold-coated surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor chip, and the binding behavior of Cyt, myoglobin, ribonuclease A, lysozyme, and avidin was evaluated to confirm the selectivity for Cyt. The imprint effect of the transcribed MIP was revealed by comparing the MIP and the corresponding non-imprinted polymer prepared using the stamp without the Cyt immobilization.
Nonoscillation Criteria for Two-Dimensional
Time-Scale Systems
Authors: Öztürk Özkan , Akın Elvan
Published: April 2016

We study the existence and nonexistence of nonoscillatory solutions of a two-dimensional systemof
first-order dynamic equations on time scales. Our approach is based on the Knaster and Schauder fixed point
theorems and some certain integral conditions. Examples are given to illustrate some of our main results.
Novel GIMS technique for deposition of colored Ti/TiO₂ coatings on industrial scale
Authors: Zdunek Krzysztof , Skowroński Lukasz , Chodun Rafal , Nowakowska-Langier Katarzyna , Grabowski Andrzej , Wachowiak Wojciech , Okrasa Sebastian , Wachowiak Agnieszka , Strauss Olaf , Wronkowski Andrzej , Domanowski Piotr
Published: April 2016

The aim of the present paper has been to verify the effectiveness and usefulness of a novel deposition process named GIMS (Gas Injection Magnetron Sputtering) used for the flrst time for deposition of Ti/TiO₂ coatings on large area glass Substrates covered in the condition of industrial scale production. The Ti/TiO₂ coatings were deposited in an industrial System utilizing a set of linear magnetrons with the length of 2400 mm each for covering the 2000 × 3000 mm glasses. Taking into account the speciflc course of the GIMS (multipoint gas injection along the magnetron length) and the scale of the industrial facility, the optical coating uniformity was the most important goal to check. The experiments on Ti/TiO₂ coatings deposited by the use of GIMS were conducted on Substrates in the form of glass plates located at the key points along the magnetrons and intentionally non-heated during any stage of the process. Measurements of the coatings properties showed that the thickness and optical uniformity of the 150 nm thick coatings deposited by GIMS in the industrial facility (the thickness differences on the large plates with 2000 mm width did not exceed 20 nm) is fully acceptable form the point of view of expected applications e.g. for architectural glazing.
Crystal structure of bis(μ3-isophthalato-κ
3
O:O′:O′′)(μ2-1,4-\ bis((2-propyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)methyl)benzene-κ2
N:N′)dizinc(II), C22H19N2O4Zn
Authors: Xu Chunying , Liu Lu , Su Tong , Li Shenshen
Published: April 2016

C22H19N2O4Zn, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 8.7451(17) Å, b = 8.9609(18) Å, c = 12.810(3) Å, α = 80.31(3)°, β = 82.66(3)°, γ = 69.90(3)°, V = 926.6(4) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0358, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.0763, T = 293(2) K.
Exploiting ground effects for surface transport
noise abatement
Authors: Attenborough Keith , Bashir Imran , Taherzadeh Shahram
Published: April 2016

Growing demand on transportation, road and
railway networks has increased the risk of annoyance from
these sources and the need to optimise noise mitigation.
The potential traffic noise reduction arising from use of
acoustically-soft surfaces and artificial roughness (0.3 m
high or less) is explored through laboratory experiments,
outdoor measurements at short and medium ranges and
predictions. Although the applicability of ground treatments
depends on the space usable for the noise abatement
and the receiver position, replacing acousticallyhard
ground by acoustically-soft ground without or with
crops and introducing artificial roughness configurations
could achieve noise reduction along surface transport corridors
without breaking line of sight between source and
receiver, thereby proving useful alternatives to noise barriers.
A particularly successful roughness design has the
form of a square lattice which is found to offer a similar insertion
loss to regularly-spaced parallel wall arrays of the
same height but twice the width. The lattice design has less
dependence on azimuthal source-receiver angle than parallel
wall configurations.
The impact of environmental noise generated from
ports: outcome of MESP project
Authors: Schenone Corrado , Pittaluga Ilaria , Borelli Davide , Kamali Walid , El Moghrabi Yara
Published: April 2016

Ports are characterized by several complex operations.
Accordingly, the analysis of noise results is complicated
due to the presence in the same area of diverse
sound from ships, trade and also from industrial and shipyards
activities aswell as auxiliary services producing negative
effects on natural ecosystem and the urban population.
The ENPI CBC MED project Managing the Environmental
Sustainability of Ports for a durable development
(MESP) addressed the pollution reduction from port activities
through the implementation of a multidisciplinary approach
in air, noise andwater sectors, encompassing technological,
regulatory and administrative solutions to ensure
natural and urban sustainability and high level of life
quality in surrounding territories. To prevent a heterogeneous
development, the “status quo” of ports in Northern
and Southern Shores of the Mediterranean Sea was analyzed
and a guideline on methodologies, good practices
and measurement assessment, adaptable and transferable
in different port contexts was elaborated. To assess the
procedures, validation tests have been carried out to different
real cases. In noise sector pilot projects in the ports
of Patras, Greece, and Tripoli, Lebanon, have been implemented.
Due to the dissimilar scenarios, in terms of orography,
facilities and activities, different noise mitigation actions
and interventions were consequently accomplished.
The study and numerical solution of the problem of heat and salinity transfer assuming ‘liquid’ boundaries
Authors: Agoshkov Valery I. , Sheloput Tatiana O.
Published: April 2016

The problem of simulation of physical processes in water areas with ‘liquid’ boundaries is well known in geophysical hydrodynamics. In this paper we consider a problem of heat and salinity propagation as an example of approaches solving such problems and consisting in application of methods of variational assimilation of observation data. Using well known techniques of study and solution of inverse problems and optimal control problems, we propose an iterative solution algorithm, obtain conditions for existence of the solution, for unique and dense solvability of the problem, and for convergence of the iterative algorithm, The paper also presents results of numerical implementation of this algorithm in application to the water area of the Baltic sea.
On model error in variational data assimilation
Authors: Shutyaev Victor , Vidard Arthur , Le Dimet François-Xavier , Gejadze Igor
Published: April 2016

The problem of variational data assimilation for a nonlinear evolution model is formulated as an optimal control problem to find the initial condition. The optimal solution (analysis) error arises due to the errors in the input data (background and observation errors). Under the Gaussian assumption the optimal solution error covariance can be constructed using the Hessian of the auxiliary data assimilation problem. The aim of this paper is to study the evolution of model errors via data assimilation. The optimal solution error covariances are derived in the case of imperfect model and for the weak constraint formulation, when the model euations determine the cost functional.
Piece Rates vs. Contests in Product Market Competition
Authors: Stadler Manfred , Pull Kerstin
Published: April 2016

We study product market competition between firm owners (principals) where workers (agents) decide on their efforts and, hence, on output levels. Various worker compensation schemes are compared: a piece-rate compensation as a benchmark when workers’ output performance is verifiable, and different contest-based compensation schemes with fixed and variable prizes when it is only verifiable who the best performing worker is. Without rivalry between firms, all considered compensation schemes lead to the same outcome. In case of product market competition, however, a contest-based compensation scheme with revenue-dependent prizes leads to more employment, more production, and lower firm profits. The reason is that strategic interaction between the firm owners leads to an aggressive overinvestment in worker employment as well as in the revenue shares offered to the contest winners.
Synthesis, photophysical characterization and DFT studies on fluorine-free deep-blue emitting Pt(II) complexes
Authors: Sanning Jan , Stegemann Linda , Nyenhuis Marvin , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Doltsinis Nikos L. , Strassert Cristian A.
Published: April 2016

Herein we show that cyclometalated, square planar Pt(II) complexes can be tuned to achieve deep-blue phosphorescent emitters. For this purpose, the introduction of an electron-donating moiety on two different bidentate NˆN and NˆO fluorine-free luminophores, namely 2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)pyridine and picolinic acid, was carried out. The remaining two coordination sites of the Pt(II) metal center were filled by a sterically demanding cyclometallating unit, namely a tertiary phosphite CˆP ligand. This ancillary ligand avoids aggregation and provides high solubility in organic solvents. Based on this approach, we were able to blue-shift the emission of the complexes down to 411 nm, and to achieve a maximal photoluminescence quantum yield of 56% in the solid state.
Trotz Pflege kein Vereinbarkeitsproblem? Typische Arrangements und Ressourcen erwerbstätiger pflegender Söhne
Authors: Auth Diana , Dierkes Mirjam , Leiber Simone , Leitner Sigrid
Published: April 2016

We carried out comparative case studies in eleven German companies and conducted interviews with male employees caring for an elderly parent. The overwhelming majority of the sons claim not to have problems in reconciling work and care, although they spend significant time at care work. In the paper we try to explain this pattern by looking at their typical work and care arrangements. We show that male care is organized all around full time employment.
Watch Your Step! An Investigation of Carbon Footprints
Authors: Joyner Rebecca D. , Marshall Jeff C.
Published: April 2016

The featured exemplar lesson incorporates an inquiry-based investigation, aligned to the 4E × 2 Instructional Model, in which students design, refine, and implement a plan to reduce their carbon footprint in alignment with Next Generation Science Standards (HS-LS2-7). Additional resources are provided to support the successful implementation of this lesson. Further, the article provides a framework for teachers to extend learning beyond the classroom walls.
Determining Mosquito Distribution from Egg Data: The Role of the Citizen Scientist
Authors: Cohnstaedt Lee W. , Ladner Jamie , Campbell Leslie Rickert , Busch Noah , Barrera Roberto
Published: April 2016

Nationwide science classes, from elementary through secondary, are placing a larger emphasis on inquiry and authentic experiences. The opportunity for community members (students, teachers, or interested individuals) to collect real data and contribute to a research project is the definition of citizen science. Recent disease outbreaks of mosquito-transmitted pathogens (West Nile, eastern equine encephalitis, dengue, chikungunya, and Zika) demonstrate the need to educate children and adults about the public health risks posed by mosquitoes. This lesson plan has students determine mosquito species and subsequent disease risk around their house and in their community by collecting mosquito eggs and rearing a portion of them to adults. The students identify adult mosquitoes and associated health risks. Furthermore, students and teachers have the option to participate in a national mosquito-species-distribution study by submitting mosquito eggs and adults to the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The data generated by participant submissions will be available to all mosquito submitters, making each student and school part of a larger project. This lesson plan has three objectives beyond the citizen science experience: (1) clarify the individual's role in protecting individuals, communities, and pets from illness; (2) raise awareness of pathogens transmitted by mosquitoes; and (3) participate in a national program to gather mosquito distribution data. The lesson and the associated supplementary material (available at http://www.citizenscience.us) can be used for middle to high school classes, as well as Advanced Placement classes, because the materials and presentations can be easily modified to classroom needs.
Using Online Content to Study Animal Behavior
Authors: Littman Paige , Moore Janice
Published: April 2016

Viewing animal behavior in the wild is time consuming, can be costly, and often yields few results compared to the time required. This assignment encourages students to explore animal behavior through online videos while developing research and critical-thinking skills. The approach allows students to get a field-like experience from a lecture-based class and enhances knowledge about behavior of animals beyond the students’ geographic area. In addition, this assignment is consistent with the AAAS's vision of change in undergraduate biology teaching. This assignment is appropriate for both college and high school biology classes that cover animal behavior, ecology, or conservation.
Understanding Sensory Ecology
Authors: Mayo Megan , Ng Jan
Published: April 2016

As visual creatures, humans sometimes have difficulty understanding how other organisms encounter their environments through nonvisual means. Many organisms rely predominantly or exclusively on senses other than sight, including olfaction, chemoreception, and thermoreception. This lesson will give high school students insights into how other organisms encounter their environment, the benefits and limitations of different senses, and why we should be aware of other organisms’ perceptions. Educating students about sensory ecology introduces fundamental concepts in physiology, ecology, and animal behavior. Students will learn a new vocabulary term (umwelt) and about the sensory ecology of other organisms via an active-participation presentation, collect and analyze data on sensory disruption of classmates, and put their new knowledge to work by brainstorming ways in which human activity interacts with the sensory ecology of wildlife through case studies (Common Core State Standard HS-LS2-7).
DEFINICIONES DE ACCESO A RECURSOS GENÉTICOS EN LA LEGISLACIÓN COLOMBIANA Y SUS EFECTOS EN LA INVESTIGACION CIENTIFICA
Authors: Chaparro-Giraldo Alejandro
Published: April 2016

La aplicación de las definiciones sobre acceso a recursos genéticos (ARG) contenidas en diversas normas legislativas nacionales o comunitarias, pueden afectar la investigación científica (no-comercial y comercial). Se definen dos momentos, entre 1995 y 2013 con la implementación de la decisión 391 de 1996, resultado de la aplicación del Convenio sobre la Biodiversidad Biológica (CDB) de 1992, y a partir de 2013 con decretos que establecen excepciones al ARG y resoluciones del Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible que especifican las actividades de ARG. La visión es la de un biotecnólogo, que se concentrará en los elementos técnico-científicos de las normas. En la primera fase no se plantearon excepciones, cualquier investigación que utilizará recursos genéticos y usará herramientas convencionales o moleculares, precisaba de contrato de ARG. Los científicos ignoraron la norma, que trajo como consecuencia la ilegalidad para sus actividades, pero no tuvo efectos prácticos para la mayoría, exceptuando a la Universidad Nacional de Colombia que recibió una sanción administrativa. En la segunda fase se excluye la investigación científica no comercial en cuatro áreas (ecología, biogeografía, sistemática y evolución), y se circunscriben las actividades de ARG a herramientas moleculares. Se espera que estas precisiones resuelvan la ilegalidad de una amplia gama de actividades de la investigación científica, pero se mantiene el peso de los procesos sobre la investigación científica con fines comerciales.

Abstract 

The application of the definitions on access to genetic resources (AGR) contained in national or Community legislation may affect the
scientific research (non-commercial and commercial). Two moments are defined, between 1995 and 2013 with the implementation
of Decision 391 of 1996, resulting from the application of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 1992, and from 2013
to today, with the decrees derogating from the ARG and resolutions of the Ministry Environment and Sustainable Development
ARG that specified activities. The vision is that of a biotechnologist, which will focus on technical and scientific elements. In the
first phase no exceptions are raised, any research that uses genetic resources and use conventional or molecular tools needed ARG
contract. Scientists ignored the rule, which resulted in illegal to operations, but had no practical effect for most, except the National
University of Colombia received an administrative penalty. In the second phase the non-commercial scientific research in four areas
(ecology, biogeography, systematics and evolution) is excluded, and activities of ARG to molecular tools are limited. These details
are expected to solve the illegality of a wide range of scientific research activities, but the weight of the processes of scientific research for commercial purposes is maintained.
CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA COLOMBO-SUIZA AYUDA A ALIMENTAR EL PLANETA: DE LA REVOLUCIÓN VERDE A LA REVOLUCIÓN MICROBIANA
Authors: Rodriguez Alia , Sanders Ian Robert
Published: April 2016

Por milenios los agricultores han mejorado sus cultivos utilizando la variación genética y seleccionando las mejores variedades. Hoy nos enfrentamos a un reto sin precedentes: alimentar la creciente población mundial. Así, aumentar los rendimientos de cultivos de importancia global, para la seguridad alimentaria, como la yuca, es crucial. Esta raíz tropical alimenta aproximadamente 1.000 millones de personas en alrededor de 105 países en el mundo y sus productos son la tercera fuente de calorías más importante para los países del trópico (FAO, 2005). Esta planta es altamente dependiente de la asociación con hongos formadores de micorrizas arbusculares (HFMA). Estos hongos ayudan a la planta a obtener fósforo del suelo, un nutriente limitante principalmente en los suelos del trópico.  Recientemente mostramos que la inoculación de cultivos de yuca con Rhizophagus irregularis incrementó los rendimientos en dos localidades diferentes de Colombia (Ceballos et al., 2013). Más aún, conseguimos enormes diferencias en la productividad de la yuca, utilizando diferentes líneas genéticamente mejoradas del hongo R. irregularis, en condiciones de campo (Ceballos et al., 2014). Es improbable observar cambios tan dramáticos, en campo, en la producción de yuca, con un ciclo de mejoramiento de la planta. Así, combinando la agronomía con la biología y la genética, proponemos un cambio en el paradigma del mejoramiento vegetal, que pueda contribuir a resolver el problema de hambruna en el mundo.

Abstract

For millennia farmers have been improving crops by using their natural genetic variation, selecting the best varieties. Today we face an unprecedented challenge to feed the growing global human population that can only be achieved with major changes in how we combine science and technology with agronomy. Cassava is globally important, annually feeding almost a billion people in 105 countries. It is an important crop for subsistence farming throughout tropical and subtropical regions for smallholder farmers, but especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Cassava is highly dependant on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to survive. Mycorrhizal fungi form symbioses with all our major crops. They help plants obtain phosphate from the soil; an essential nutrient that limits cassava production in the tropics. Our Colombian-swiss group have shown a significant effect of Rhizophagus irregularis inoculation on yield of
cassava in field conditions in two locations in Colombia. Further, huge differences in the productivity of cassava can be achieved by inoculating it with genetically different lines of R. irregularis. The variation in cassava growth we observed is so large that it would be very unlikely in one generation of plant breeding to see similar variation in cassava growth. By combining agronomy with biology and genetics, we propose a shift in the paradigm of plant breeding that could help to solve the problem of hunger in the world.

 
APAGANDO GENES PARA ILUMINAR LA INTERACCIÓN ENTRE EL MACRÓFAGO Y LEISHMANIA
Authors: Clavijo-Ramirez Carlos Arturo
Published: April 2016

La enfermedad causada por los parásitos del género Leishmania representa un problema de salud pública de importancia a nivel nacional e internacional. El conocimiento actual de la interacción entre el macrófago humano y el parásito aún luce insuficiente para reflejarse en mejoras del tratamiento empleado. El presente manuscrito aspira a ser un texto de divulgación para el púbico general y trata de explicar la importancia de este tipo de investigación científica y la estrategia empleada por nuestro grupo de investigación, en la búsqueda de soluciones al flagelo representado por los diferentes tipos de Leishmaniasis.

 

Abstract

The diseases caused by the parasite belonging to the genus Leishmania represent a public heath challenge both at national and international levels. Current knowledge about macrophage-parasite interaction still remains insufficient in order to be translated into more effective patient treatments. The present manuscript aspires to be a communication to nonspecialists and the general public, aiming to explain the importance of this type of basic science as well as the strategy followed by our research group, in the pursuit of solutions to the burden represented by Leishmaniasis.
RESOLUCIÓN DE CONFLICTOS AL INTERIOR DEL ORGANISMO: EL PAPEL DEL SISTEMA INMUNE
Authors: Cadavid Luis F.
Published: April 2016

El sistema inmune de los animales está constituido por una gran variedad de células y moléculas que colectivamente reconocen, neutralizan y eliminan potenciales agentes nocivos, tanto bióticos como abióticos. El estudio del sistema inmune ha estado tradicionalmente sesgado hacía algunas especies de importancia médica o económica, a expensas de la gran mayoría de especies que constituyen la diversidad animal. Con la actual facilidad de secuenciar genomas y transcriptomas, se ha abierto la posibilidad de estudiar los sistemas inmunes de muy variados grupos animales. Uno de estos grupos es los cnidarios, que incluye a los corales, anémonas y medusas, en los que el estudio del sistema inmune ha probado ser de gran utilidad para entender dos tipos de conflictos de relevancia en la supervivencia de estos organismos. El primero es la respuesta de los corales a enfermedades de carácter infeccioso y el segundo hace referencia a las reacciones de histocompatibilidad que median la competencia intraespecífica por el espacio habitable. Este artículo de reflexión trata en detalle el papel del sistema inmune de los cnidarios en la resolución de estos conflictos.

 

Abstract

The immune system of animals is constituted by a large diversity of cells and molecules that collectively recognize, neutralize, and eliminate potential damaging agents, both biotic and abiotic. The study of the immune system has been traditionally biased towards some species with medical or economic importance, at the expense of the vast majority of species that constitute the animal diversity. With the current possibility of easily sequencing genomes and transcriptomes, there is an opportunity to study the immune systems of a wide variety of animal groups. One of these groups is the cnidarians, which include corals, anemones and jellyfishes, in which the study of the immune system has proved useful to understand two types of conflicts that are relevant for the survival of these organisms. The first one is the response of corals to diseases of infectious nature and the second relates to histocompatibility reactions, which mediate intraspecific competitions for habitable space. This article details the role of the cnidarian immune system to mediate the resolution of these two conflicts.

 
Migrantes y ONGs: Resistencia en el mundo del trabajo de cuido en el periodo neoliberal. Un estudio de caso sobre el tema de migración y subjetividad
Authors: Azofeifa Ramos Silvia , Caamaño Morúa Carmen , Matteucci Wo-Chin Anna
Published: April 2016

En el presente documento, hacemos referencia a las condiciones que acompañan al trabajo reproductivo vinculado a las migraciones, a partir del análisis de las cadenas globales del cuido, la tendencia restriccionista hacia el flujo de las y los trabajadores migrantes y el lugar que ocupan las trabajadoras de ONGs y personas voluntarias que atienden a la  población migrante en Costa Rica. Las reflexiones aquí expuestas resultan de la participación de varias de estas trabajadoras en el Seminario Migración y Subjetividad del Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales de la Universidad de Costa Rica. A pesar de que el seminario iba dirigido a pensar estrategias conjuntas para influenciar políticas públicas en el trabajo con población migrante, se llega a la conclusión de que las condiciones del contexto doméstico se reproducen en las condiciones laborales de las mujeres que atienden y cuidan a la población migrante, manteniendo posiciones vulnerables para ambas e impidiendo acciones de transformación más contundentes.
Ecos entre las piedras en Los recuerdos del porvenir (1963) de Elena Garro
Authors: Hernán Mena Máximo
Published: April 2016

En este trabajo se abordará la obra Los recuerdos del porvenir (1963) de Elena Garro a partir de las relaciones intertextuales con otras obras de la literatura latinoamericana, como las de Juan Rulfo, César Vallejo, Agustín Yáñez, Alejo Carpentier. A continuación, se analizará en la novela la presencia del tópico de la muerte y de la Revolución mexicana, así también como el armado de las temporalidades del relato y los cruces entre memoria, silencio y escritura. Este trabajo se enmarca en el ámbito de los estudios de literatura comparada y para el análisis se empleará el método cualitativo. Desde esta perspectiva, el texto será concebido como un sistema complejo en el que se exponen diversas relaciones intertextuales y culturales. Se puede concluir entonces que en la novela de Elena Garro se ponen de manifiesto las conflictividades presentes en la construcción de los relatos, de la memoria y de la historia.
Almát a körtével? Tudománymetriai összehasonlítások szakterületek között
Authors: Schubert András
Published: April 2016

It is well known that all scientometric indicators strongly depend on research fields. Therefore, there is a certain reluctance to make any cross-field comparison of these indicators. The paper reviews the possibilities to normalize the most important scientometric indicators: publication counts, citation rate or h-index, thus making them suitable for cross-field comparison. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(16), 631–634.
Conceptualizaciones sobre la atención a personas con demencia en residencias de mayores
Authors: Rodríguez-Martín Beatriz , Martínez-Andrés María , Notario-Pacheco Blanca , Martínez-Vizcaíno Vicente
Published: April 2016

A pesar de la importancia de las percepciones familiares en el análisis de la atención en residencias de mayores, apenas se han indagado estos ascpetcos. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer las preferencias y las áreas de mejora percibidas por los familiares sobre los cuidados a personas con demencia. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo, a partir de la Teoría Fundamentada, combinando dos técnicas de recogida de datos (observación participante y entrevistas en profundidad) en una muestra teórica de familiares de personas con demencia institucionalizadas. El modelo de atención óptima a personas con demencia, percibido por los participantes, se basó en una atención especializada e individualizada y en la participación de la familia en el cuidado. Entre las áreas de mejora se incluyeron aspectos relacionados con una mayor formación específica en Geriatría, relaciones humanas y con la cultura del trabajo institucional. Frente a la vigente tendencia de tecnificación del cuidado, las familias exigen una atención personalizada y en pequeña escala, donde ellas mismas sean parte activa del proceso de atención.
Motor performance of HIV-positive children
Authors: Fraga-Sousa Grazielle Aurelina , Rodrigues Maria Clara Rangel , Pereira Marjorie Graziolli , Arruda Tatiana Santos , Souza Regina Célia Turolla de
Published: April 2016

Abstract Introduction: Evidence indicates that HIV-positive children have a lower motor performance compared to uninfected children. The analysis of the factors that determine these changes is very important for the implementation of rehabilitation strategies. Objective: To analyze the motor development of seropositive children and compare it to the performance of healthy children with normal neuropsycomotor development. Materials and Methods: Eight children were evaluated, aged between four and six years, divided into two groups: Group I (n = 4) composed of HIV-positive children without any secondary disease and Group II (n = 4) composed of healthy children, matched to Group I by sex and age. The Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (PDMS-2) for gross motor function and fine motor function were used to evaluate motor performance. Results: In both groups, most of the children presented an average or above average motor performance, according to normal data of PDMS-2. The analysis indicated no inter-group differences in the gross scores (p > 0,05, Mann-Whitney test) or motor quotients (p> 0.05, Mann-Whitney test). However, intra-group analysis indicated a marginally significant difference between motor quotients (p = 0,07, Wilcoxon test), with higher fine motor quotient in both groups. Conclusion: The data suggest no significant difference between the motor performance of HIV-positive children and healthy children. These results contribute to the analysis of motor development of HIV-positive children, raising questions about factors that may influence the motor development of these children.
Relationship of muscle strength with activities of daily living and quality of life in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Ruas Gualberto , Urquizo Wilbert Esteban Cárdenas , Abdalla George Kemil , Abrahão Dayana Pousa Siqueira , Cardoso Fabrizio Antonio Gomide , Pinheiro Patrícia Sena , Jamami Mauricio
Published: April 2016

Abstract Introduction: Few activities of daily living (ADLs) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are tolerated because they are associated with ventilatory and metabolic changes. Simply lifting the upper limb muscle requires changes, resulting in thoracic abdominal asynchrony, increased dyspnea, and can interfere with quality of life (QoL). Objective: to relate the muscle strength of the shoulder girdle, trunk and hand grip with the degree of dyspnea in ADLs and secondarily correlate them with QoL in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Materials and Methods: Nine male subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease III and IV (COPDG) and nine healthy, sedentary male individuals - control group (CG) were evaluated. All patients underwent the following evaluations: Pulmonary function, muscle strength of shoulder girdle, trunk and hand grip, and questionnaires. Results: In the intergroup analysis found that the spirometric variables of the COPDG were significantly lower compared to the CG. Intragroup analysis for measures of muscle strength, found significant difference for shoulder girdle, trunk and hand grip between both groups (COPDG) with lower mean (CG). Only the shoulder girdle had a positive correlation with ADL's and QoL. Conclusion: COPDG individuals, in addition to having pulmonary compromise, showed a significant decrease in muscle strength of the shoulder girdle, trunk and hand grip when compared to the CG. Only the shoulder girdle strength was positively correlated with the level of dyspnea in ADL's in QoL. Thus, pulmonary rehabilitation is an important tool for strengthening these muscles, possibly providing a positive impact on the degree of dyspnea during ADLs and reflecting on QoL.
Evaluation of gross motor function before and after virtual reality application
Authors: Tannus Luiza da Silva Pereira , Ribas Danieli Isabel Romanovitch
Published: April 2016

Abstract Introduction: Recently virtual reality has been aggregated to the therapeutic possibilities for patients who need functionality gains, such as individuals with cerebral palsy (CP). Aim: to evaluate the effects of virtual reality on the gross motor function of individuals with CP. Methods: longitudinal study, realized in a special education school, with five individuals with CP (7.4 years of age ± 1.14) of both sexes, evaluated using the B, D and E dimensions of the GMFM 88, before and after the application of three Wii Fit Plus(r) console games: Hula Hoop, Slide Penguin and Soccer Heading. These games were applied for four minutes per game, at the beginner level, twice a week, for twelve consecutives weeks. The normality of the sample was evaluated through the Shapiro-Wilk's test. The results obtained before and after the Wii Fit(r) application were compared using descriptive statistics. Results: all the individuals obtained improvements in the dimensions evaluated after the virtual reality application, with a 5.14% general improvement, varying between 1.9% and 9.6%. The standing (D) and walking, running and jumping (E) dimensions were the dimensions which obtained higher improvement percentages. Conclusion: considering the study limitations, the results obtained suggest that virtual reality can promote benefits in the gross motor function of individuals with cerebral palsy.
Physical therapy in avoidable hospitalizations for primary care-sensitive conditions
Authors: Müller Alessandra Bombarda , Valentini Nadia Cristina , Pinto Maria Eugênia Bresolin
Published: April 2016

Abstract Avoidable hospitalizations for primary care-sensitive conditions have been used as indicators of access to timely and appropriate care because hospital admissions for many conditions could be prevented by interventions in primary care. Physical therapists play an important role in health promotion, disease prevention, and the pursuit of fairness and improvements in the effectiveness of health care services, which are the goals of the public policies proposed by the Brazilian unified health care system. We used MEDLINE and SciELO to search the literature for articles concerning the association between physical therapy and the reduction of avoidable hospitalizations for primary care-sensitive conditions. The literature on the topic is still in its infancy and confined to relatively few studies. Although the available literature associates access to quality primary care with reduced hospitalizations for primary care-sensitive conditions, there is a need for original studies investigating whether there is an association between physical therapy and decreased hospital admissions for primary care-sensitive conditions.
Déficit estatural e fatores associados em crianças de 6 a 24 meses atendidas em unidades de saúde do sudoeste da Bahia
Authors: Magalhães Elma Izze da Silva , Maia Daniela Santana , Bonfim Carla Fabrícia Araújo , Pereira Netto Michele , Lamounier Joel Alves , Rocha Daniela da Silva
Published: April 2016

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a prevalência e os fatores associados ao déficit estatural em crianças de 6 a 24 meses. Metodologia Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com 360 crianças atendidas em todas as unidades de saúde da zona urbana do município de Vitória da Conquista, BA. Foi aplicado um questionário para coleta de informações e foram aferidas medidas antropométricas de peso e estatura. O estado nutricional foi avaliado de acordo com os pontos de corte para os índices antropométricos preconizados pela Organização Mundial de Saúde. A associação entre os fatores em estudo e o déficit estatural foi verificada através da análise de regressão de Poisson, com variâncias robustas. Resultados A prevalência de déficit estatural nas crianças avaliadas foi de 13,6%. Os fatores que se associaram ao desfecho foram: ausência de trabalho paterno (RP: 2,46; IC 95%: 1,34-4,49) e baixo peso ao nascer (RP: 2,29; IC 95%: 1,27-4,13). Conclusão Os resultados mostram uma prevalência considerável do déficit de estatura entre as crianças menores de 2 anos, destacando a importância do monitoramento nutricional e a influência de fatores obstétricos e socioeconômicos.
Effects of prenatal exposure to methylmercury in children auditory processing
Authors: Dutra Marilene Danieli Simões , Cavadas Marcia , Jesus Iracina Maura de , Santos Elisabeth Oliveira , Câmara Volney de Magalhães
Published: April 2016

Abstract Objective: to assess the central auditory processing of children exposed to mercury during the prenatal period. Design/Study sample: this study evaluated 90 children age eight to ten years, of both genders divided into two groups according to the levels of mercury exposure during the prenatal period: the study group (SG) was composed of children who had total mercury levels in umbilical cord blood samples equal or higher than 8µg/L, and the control group (CG) of children who had Mercury levels lower than 8µg/L. The procedures included a questionnaire, tonal threshold audiometry, word recognition audiometry, tests that assess auditory processing skills; and analysis of the total levels of mercury in umbilical cord blood samples collected at birth. Result: The SG presented mean total mercury in umbilical cord blood of 19.36µg/L and the CG had mean of 4.78µg/L. Regarding the tests that assess central auditory processing, the SG showed worse performance than the CG, and there was a statistically significant difference observed in the Staggered Spondaic Word Test. Conclusion: Children presented disorders in the tests that assess central auditory processing, indicating a possible effect of prenatal exposure to mercury in the central auditory system.
Ortopedia del alma. Degeneracionismo e higiene mental en la Casa de Corrección de Menores y Escuela de Trabajo San José, Colombia 1914-1947
Authors: Gutiérrez Avendaño Jairo , Silva Ramirez Lina Marcela
Published: April 2016

Objetivo Comprender las prácticas y la formación experimental de la psicopedagogía de la infancia anormal en Colombia, llevadas a cabo en la “Casa de Corrección de Menores y Escuela de Trabajo San José”, entre 1914 y 1947. Métodos y materiales: estudio cualitativo, de enfoque histórico-hermenéutico, mediante investigación documental, heurística de archivos de patrimonio documental e historiografía institucional del periodo de estudio. Conclusiones el surgimiento de un nuevo régimen de educación especial (médico-psico-pedagógico) estableció un cambio relevante del modelo reformatorio de castigo al de intervención pedagógica, influida por el cruce de doctrinas científicas de finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX, como la regla de lo normal y lo patológico, la teoría de la degeneración y la eugenesia, para el perfeccionamiento de un sujeto moderno capaz de ser útil por sí mismo y para la sociedad.
O lugar obsceno do suicídio
Authors: Carlos Flávia Pinhal de , D'Agord Marta Regina de Leão
Published: April 2016

Este artigo busca interrogar a relação entre o obsceno e o suicídio. Para isso, inicia-se abordando o conceito de obsceno, que é entendido como o que não pode ser colocado em cena. Relaciona-se o obsceno com a morte, que é mostrada em sua vertente repugnante, que está relacionada com o impensável de nossa desaparição. Em seguida, a leitura de Durkheim sobre o suicídio é abordada, assim como diferentes abordagens psicanalíticas sobre o tema. Por fim, aborda-se a relação entre o obsceno e o suicídio, sustentando-se a ideia de que o suicídio pode ter um lugar obsceno.