bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gabiroba e Murici: Estudo do valor nutricional e antinutricional da casca, polpa e semente
Authors: Alves Vânia Maria , Silva Edson Pablo da , Silva Aline Gomes de Moura e , Asquieri Eduardo Ramirez , Damiani Clarissa
Published: April 2020

Os frutos do murici e gabiroba são comuns no Cerrado Brasileiro, mas seu consumo é limitado não só pela região, mas também por serem frutos sazonais e perecíveis. Assim, esse trabalho teve a intenção de caracterizar física, química, nutricional e antinutricionalmente as frações casca, polpa e semente para utilização, pela indústria alimentícia, dos frutos inteiros ou suas frações. Foram realizadas analises de diâmetro horizontal, transversal e massa nos frutos inteiros, e nas frações as seguintes analises (Aw, cor, sólidos solúveis, pH, acidez titulável, umidade, proteína, lipídios, cinzas, carboidratos, valor calórico, antioxidantes (DPPH, FRAP, e fenólicos), vitamina C, compostos cianogênios, fitatos e taninos, onde os resultados obtidos foram tabelados apresentados juntamente com desvio padrão e realizado uma análise de variância nas medias. Os resultados mostraram que em ambos os frutos e, dependendo de suas frações, encontram-se teores significativos de proteínas e vitamina C, além de possuírem atividade antioxidante. Na casca e semente dos frutos de murici e gabiroba não foram encontrados teores de inibidores de proteases, glicosídeos cianogênios tão pouco de fitatos; a presença de taninos não compromete a utilização na alimentação humana, apenas necessita-se de cuidados na incorporação e ingestão com alimentos ricos em cálcio e magnésio. Logo, a inserção das frações casca, polpa e semente dos frutos murici e gabiroba, em produtos alimentícios, é viável, contribuindo-lhes com agregação de valor e colaborando com a redução do lixo orgânico.
Desenvolvimento de filme polimérico para detecção de fraude em documentos
Authors: Campos Naiara Ballego , Santos Kassia Graciele dos
Published: April 2020

A lavagem química é um dos principais métodos de fraude documental, no qual se aplica um reagente para remover os registros originais do documento e inserir informações falsas. Na tentativa de coibir os crimes de lavagem química empregando cloro ativo, este trabalho objetivou o desenvolvimento de um filme polimérico à base de amido, capaz de revelar o local no qual o falsificador tenha realizado a remoção dos registros em um documento. Adicionou-se ao gel um reagente sensível ao cloro, capaz de inutilizar o papel caso haja tentativa de fraude. O iodeto de potássio em contato com o cloro produz iodo molecular formando o complexo azulado iodo-amido, que causa o aparecimento de manchas no local onde o falsificador aplica a solução de lavagem. A metodologia empregada no trabalho foi a pesquisa exploratória. Foram realizados testes para determinar as concentrações adequadas dos reagentes, bem como a consistência ideal do gel para facilitar a aplicação e a aderência do filme à superfície do papel. Os resultados mostraram que o filme aderiu bem ao papel e não afetou os componentes de segurança dos documentos, nem prejudicou a qualidade da impressão. Assim, o filme desenvolvido foi satisfatório na detecção de tentativa de lavagem com cloro e pode ser uma ferramenta para coibir crimes por fraude em documentos.
Morphogenetic and structural characteristics of Megathyrsus maximus cv. Centenário under defoliation intensities
Authors: Costa Newton de Lucena , Jank Liana , Magalhães João Avelar , Bendahan Amaury Bularmaqui , Rodrigues Braz Henrique Nunes , Santos Francisco José de Seixas
Published: April 2020

The effect of defoliation intensities (20, 30, 40 and 50 cm above soil level) on green dry matter (GDM) yield and morphogenetic and structural characteristics of Megathyrsus maximus cv. Centenário were evaluated under field conditions in Roraima´s savannas. The effects of defoliation intensities on the GDM yields, leaf area index and leaf elongation rates was adjusted to the quadratic regression model and maximum values recorded with cutting at 35.8; 44.9 and 30.2 cm above soil level, respectively. The tiller population density, number of leaves tiller-1 and leaf appearance rate was inversely proportional to the intensity of defoliation, while the opposite occurred for to average leaf length and leaf senescence rate. Apical meristem removal percentage was higher with increasing defoliation intensity. Vigor regrowth showed close negative correlation with defoliation intensity level. Pastures of M. maximus cv. Centenário managed under 30 to 35 cm residue provides higher forage productivity, larger efficiency of forage utilization, greater tissue renewal and canopy structure more favorable to grazing.
Acúmulo de biomassa e pigmentos fotossintéticos em plantas de Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze sob estresse salino e doses de ácido salicílico
Authors: Nóbrega Jackson Silva , Bruno Riselane de Lucena Alcântara , Figueiredo Francisco Romário Andrade , Silva Toshik Iarley da , Fátima Reynaldo Teodoro de , Ribeiro João Everthon da Silva , Ferreira Jean Telvio Andrade , Nascimento Rodrigo Garcia da Silva
Published: April 2020

A Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) é uma espécie com elevado potencial aromático e terapêutico, bastante difundida na região Nordeste do Brasil. No entanto, as condições do semiárido nordestino e o elevado teor de sais contidos no solo e na água utilizada na irrigação podem comprometer o desenvolvimento vegetal. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do ácido salicílico como atenuante do estresse salino sob o acúmulo de biomassa e os índices de clorofila em plantas de M. suaveolens. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido pertencente ao Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia-PB. O delineamento estatístico adotado foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial incompleto 5 x 5, com cinco condutividades elétricas da água de irrigação (CEa: 0,5; 1,45; 5,0; 8,55 e 10,0 dS m-1) e cinco doses de ácido salicílico (0,0; 0,29; 1,0; 1,71 e 2,0 mM L-1) com quatro repetições e duas plantas por parcela, geradas a partir da matriz experimental Composto Central de Box. Foram avaliados o acúmulo de massa seca da raiz, caule, folhas, da parte aérea e total e os índices de clorofila ‘a’, ‘b’, total e a razão clorofila a/b. A salinidade promoveu sérios danos, reduzindo consideravelmente o acúmulo de biomassa e os índices foliares de clorofila das plantas de M. suaveolens. O ácido salicílico não promoveu efeito atenuante aos danos promovidos pelo estresse salino.
Jogos didáticos no ensino e na aprendizagem de Ciências e Biologia: concepções e práticas docentes
Authors: Conceição Alexandre Rodrigues da , Mota Maria Danielle Araújo , Barguil Paulo Meireles
Published: April 2020

Ensinar Ciências e Biologia tem demandado do professor muito mais do que o domínio dos conteúdos, pois, mesmo que esse fator seja importante, a maneira como aqueles estão sendo apresentados aos estudantes precisa ser discutida. Essa pesquisa buscou compreender as concepções de professores de Ciências e Biologia sobre a utilização dos jogos didáticos no contexto escolar. Utilizou-se uma abordagem qualitativa de natureza descritiva, com a aplicação de questionário com dois professores de Biologia que lecionam em duas escolas da rede pública estadual de ensino de Alagoas, uma na cidade de Rio Largo e outra na cidade de Maceió. Por meio da análise textual discursiva, os resultados nos revelam o conhecimento dos professores sobre a importância da utilização dos jogos didáticos no ensino de Ciências e Biologia, porém raras vezes isso acontece, o que indica a necessidade de avançarmos nas discussões sobre a carência de diversificarmos a prática docente criando condições para a construção do conhecimento por diferentes recursos, dentre eles, o jogo didático.
Trabalho emocional de cuidadores domiciliares de idosos
Authors: Enoque Alessandro Gomes , Buzzulini Rodolfo
Published: April 2020

Este estudo, de natureza essencialmente qualitativa, teve, como objetivo principal, compreender a natureza do trabalho emocional de cuidadores domiciliares de idosos em uma cidade do interior de Minas Gerais. Para tanto, foram realizadas dez entrevistas com cuidadores domiciliares de idosos, onde pôde-se perceber uma realidade laboral extremamente desgastante e, por que não dizer, precária.  Tal realidade parece ter implicações na saúde tanto física quanto mental do cuidador fazendo com que o mesmo apresente, normalmente, quadros de depressão e estresse.  Na medida em que os cuidadores pesquisados parecem apresentar uma certa dependência financeira em relação a atividade, os mesmos utilizam-se de um trabalho de natureza emocional que faz com que os mesmos consigam suportar suas tarefas e, até mesmo, o dia-a-dia.  Neste sentido, são frequentes os relatos de auto anulação, onde o sujeito torna invisível seu próprio sofrimento em detrimento do paciente.  Tal estratégia, geradora de uma dissonância emocional, faz com que os cuidadores necessitem desempenhar dois papéis laborais distintos.
Competences in English
Authors: Shobikah Nanik
Published: April 2020

This article discusses kinds of English competences. In this article also discusses about the English language skills and components of English language use as the indicator of the student’s competence. The competences of language learning is in the means of communicative competence. To reach those competences, the students must be taught and trained English language in written and oral language skill. Acquiring English as international language is the main indicator of English learning success for students. This article uses qualitative research with a literature study. The data sources are taken from textbooks, journals, articles, research finding, internet articles, newspapers, magazines, etc. The objective of this studies that the result can develop the learner’s understanding about the competences in English language as the basic for the learner in learning and studying English language as the second or the foreign language in Indonesia. The finding shows that the communicative competence (communicative competences relates to the learner’s ability in using language established by language knowledge, skills, and attitude including grammatical, sociolinguistic, discourse, and strategic competence) and the components of English competences (listening, speaking, reading, writing, grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation) are must be learnt and studied by the students integrative.
Legal Protection Analysis Of Maria Cave As a Spiritual Tourism
Authors: Sudarmanto Hery Lilik
Published: April 2020

The tourism potential in Indonesia is very significant. However, based on the phenomenon that occurs in several tourist destinations around the world it is found that many tourist attractions are especially damaged in Indonesia due to irresponsible actions. The purpose of this study was to reveal the legal protection of one of the tourist attractions in Indonesia, Maria Cave as a spiritual tourism destination in the City of Kediri. The study was conducted based on research methods using normative jurisdiction review. The results of the study revealed that so far the legal protection of spiritual tourism has been supported by the government but concretely has not been found in the Kadiri city government regulations. Therefore, to minimize the existence of activities that can cause damage and forms of protection of existing tourist destinations, it is necessary to specifically make government and local government regulations as well as to supervise and impose strict sanctions on all forms of irresponsible actions which are certainly supported by a budget enough when using technology for sustainable tourism. Both the community, tourists and entrepreneurs have their respective obligations that must be obeyed in accordance with the provisions and laws in force in Indonesia.
Evidence of a ‘dinner bell’ effect from acoustic transmitters in adult Chinook salmon
Authors: Wargo Rub AM , Sandford BP
Published: April 2020

The ‘dinner bell’ hypothesis posits that marine mammals hear or otherwise sense soundwaves produced by acoustic transmitters and use the signal to selectively prey on fish carrying them. A dual tagging study conducted during 2010 and 2011 supports this hypothesis. Results from this study revealed a significant difference in the survival of fish marked with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags and those marked with active acoustic transmitters. Our objective had been to use both types of tags to study behavior and survival of migrating adult spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha at 2 different spatial scales. We tagged fish as they entered the Columbia River, USA, and monitored their survival and progress over a 193 km reach to Bonneville Dam (river km 234), its lowest impoundment. In 2010, estimated survival was 0.74 (95% CI, 0.62-0.86) for PIT-tagged fish but only 0.30 (0.15-0.45) for acoustic-tagged fish. Therefore, in 2011, we included archival tags and a sham acoustic transmitter group to help identify causes of the survival discrepancy. Survival was 0.75 (0.54-0.97) for sham transmitter fish and 0.73 (0.60-0.86) for PIT fish, but only 0.10 (0.00-0.24) for active acoustic transmitter fish. Our study area was replete with harbor seals Phoca vitulina, California sea lions Zalophus californianus, and Steller sea lions Eumetopias jubatus during both years. We suspect the most likely cause of survival differences between tag treatment groups was pinniped predation. Using temperature data from archival tags, we found evidence of such predation and support for a ‘dinner bell’ effect from acoustic transmitter tags.
Staff perceptions on the role and value of chaplains in first responder and military settings: A scoping review
Authors: Tunks Leach Katie , Lewis Joanne , Levett-Jones Tracy
Published: April 2020

Background

Chaplains in first responder and military services support staff prior to, during and after critical incidents. Some studies have explored the role of chaplains in these settings predominantly in the military and from chaplains’ perspectives. However, few studies have explored the perspective of staff. This scoping review aims to map the literature on staff perceptions of the role and value of chaplains in first responder and military settings.

 

Method

A scoping review using the Arksey & O’Malley (2003) and Joanna Briggs Institute Scoping Review Methodology was conducted. English language peer-reviewed and grey literature in CINAHL, PubMed, PsychINFO, ProQuest and Google Scholar from 2004-2019 was reviewed for inclusion. Records were included if they provided staff perspectives on the role and value of chaplains in first responder and military settings. The initial search identified 491 records after removal of duplicates. All titles and abstracts were then screened for relevance to the research question and 84 were selected for full-text review. Seven records were included in final review; five dissertations and two peer-reviewed articles. Five of these were from the military and two from the police. Data were extracted and thematically analysed to identify staff perceptions of the role, skills and attributes, and value of chaplains in first responder and military settings.

 

Results

Staff understood the role of chaplain to include the provision of spiritual and pastoral care and guidance and, in the case of police, providing scene support. Staff from all of the services identified requisite skills and attributes for chaplains such as being available, approachable and engaged; counselling; maintaining confidentiality and trust; being organisationally aware; and possessing distinct personality traits and knowledge of specialty content areas. The value chaplains brought to their services emerged from chaplains being trusted as a result of being proactively available for staff, families and bystanders for formal and informal conversation; organisational belonging and awareness resulting in enhanced staff satisfaction and retention; and promoting staff physical, mental, social and spiritual wellbeing.

 

Conclusions

Although military and police staff identified spiritual, psychological and social benefits to chaplains maintaining an active and visible role in their services, the small number of papers identified make generalisation of these findings to other first responder services problematic. Further research is therefore required to understand the impact of the chaplain’s role as part of the care team in first responder services.
ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI PEREDUKSI SULFAT PADA AREA PERTAMBANGAN BATU BARA MUARA ENIM, SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Muchamad Yusron  , Bibiana W Lay  , Anas M Fauzi  , Dwi Andreas Santosa
Published: April 2020

Sulfate reducing bacteria utilize sulfate as their terminal electron acceptor and reduce it to sulphide. Acid mine drainage, by-products of mining activities, is an acidic sulfate-rich wastewater suitable habitat for sulfate reducing bacteria. Isolation and identification of sulfate reducing bacteria collected from Muara Enim coal mining, South Sumatra was carried out at Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Indonesian Center for Biodiversity and Biotechnology (ICBB), Bogor, and Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary, Bogor Agricultural University. Postgate B liquid media was used for isolation and purification via serial dilution. Physiological and biochemical characterization was done based on Bergeys Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. Fifteen pure isolates have been isolated with diverse characteristics. Eight isolates can sustain at pH 3, while the rest sustain at pH 4 or above. Sulfate reduction efficiency of each isolates were different, but increased as the pH increased. The bacteria are classified as Desulfovibrio sp., which is characterized straight rods, motile, non spore-forming and able to grow in simple organic carbon.
KERAGAAN MUTU BIJI KAKAO KERING DAN PRODUK SETENGAH JADI COKELAT PADA BERBAGAI TINGKATAN FERMENTASI
Authors: Dian Adi A. Elisabeth  , Ludivica Endang Setijorini
Published: April 2020

Basic of cocoa bean preparation process is fermentation. Fermentation is done especially to improve and build specific chocolate flavour of cocoa bean and its products, i. e. cocoa liquor, butter, and powder; and also to decrease the disliked flavors, like bitter and acid. Research of cocoa bean fermentation was hold on in Subak Abian Pucaksari, Tabanan. This research involved 20 cooperative farmers with 0,5 hectare farm area per each farmer. The treatment used was time of cocoa bean fermentation, i.e. without fermentation, not fully fermentation (4 days), and fully fermentation (5 days). Variables observed were dried cocoa beans physic and chemical quality, and also cocoa products chemical and organoleptic quality. Organoleptic test done to cocoa liquor and powder was descriptive and ranking test used 15 semi-trained panelists. The result showed that the fermentation process had significant influence to dried cocoa beans chemical quality and its products. Fermentation had no significant influence to dried cocoa beans physic quality. For organoleptic quality attributes, all panelists gave the highest rank for cocoa liquor and powder prepared from fully fermented cocoa bean.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN BISA NAJA SPUTATRIX TERHADAP KADAR INTERLEUKIN-2 SERUM DARAH MENCIT YANG DIINDUKSI BENZO(A)PYRENE
Authors: Gina Anindyajati  , Bambang Budiono
Published: April 2020

Cancer has become a global health problem arisen from exposure to benzo(a)pyrene. Interleukin-2 is one of immune system components believed to play roles in eradicating cancer. Cobra venom has antitumor effect and also contain protease which could boost up immune system. This research was aimed at analyzing Naja sputatrix venoms effect to increase interleukin-2 level in blood sera of mice induced by benzo(a)pyrene. Four group of Balb-C mice were used. The first group (control) and second group (treatment with Naja sputatrix venom) consist of 5 mices. There are 6 mices used in group 3 and 4, both were injected intramuscularly by benzo(a)pyrene (0,3L/0,01mL oleum oil) at day 1, 8 and 15. Three months after, observation was carried out to see changes occured in their liver and lungs. Naja sputatrix venom 0,1 mL (diluted in saline 1:100) was given to group 2 and 4 for 30 days. Blood was collected from all groups and centrifuge to form sera. Level of interleukin-2 in sera was measured by ELISA method. The results show that Group 2 has the highest mean level of interleukin-2 (136,837 pg/mL), and group 3 has the lowest (8,996 pg/mL). Level of interleukin-2 in group 4 is slightly higher than group 3 (10,632 pg/mL). Kruskal-Wallis analysis result come with Sig. 0,155; therefore shows no significance(p>0,05). It is therefore concluded that Naja sputatrix venom do not increase interleukin-2 level in blood sera of mice induced by benzo(a)pyrene
PENDUGAAN POTENSI SUMBERDAYA PERIKANAN LAUT DAN TINGKAT KERAGAAN EKONOMI PENANGKAPAN IKAN (KASUS DI TPI SENDANG BIRU KABUPATEN MALANG)
Authors: Hulaifi Hulaifi
Published: April 2020

The Increased fishing intensity will provide positive and negative impacts. Positive impact is an increase in production that can provide benefits, while the negative impact is eventually decline in production catches. The purpose of this research is potential of Estimating Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) in Malang Regency could still be maintained. MSY at the level of Maximum Economic Yield (MEY). Optimization of fishing effort and analysis economic eligibility fishing effort. The method of research using the survey method, Analysis of the data used is static Bio-economic model, and Gorden-Schaefer model. While the research results obtained MEY value of 5,789,952. kg/year and the actual conditions, a production of 5,221,781 kg/year and MSY of 5,829,206 kg/year, the rate of 90% utilization optimization, and optimal fishing levels have exceeded MSY. The advantage of fishermen in biology and economics as much as 5,789,952 kg/year. Conclusion The results showed that the water condition in Malang Regency was not economically efficient, because already there is excess fishing effort. Optimization needs to be done by limiting fishing effort, intensified fishing activities in deeper waters.
SINTESIS BAHAN UBAHAN GRADUAL ALUMINUM TITANAT/KORUNDUM DARI ALUMINA TRANSISI DENGAN PENAMBAHAN MgO
Authors: Sulhan Fauzi Achmad , Pratapa Suminar , Herman Eko Santoso Mohammad
Published: April 2020

This article describes the results of research on the use of transition alumina for improving the performance of ceramics. Synthesis has been made of gradual changes materials (Functionally Graded Materials, FGM) aluminum titanate (AT) / corundum based on transition alumina powders with the addition of MgO as a stabilizer of AT as much as 2 wt.%. Samples without the addition of MgO was also made for comparison. Transition alumina with and without the addition of MgO were calcined at a temperature of 1100C for 1 hour to become ?-alumina. The powder mixture was compacted at a pressure of 49.3 MPa and then prasintered at a temperature of 1100C for 1 hour, then repeatedly infiltrated with infiltrator TiCl3 solution (20%) which prepared by dissolving the Ti metal powders into HCl. Furthermore, the material sintered at temperatures of 1500C with a holding time for 3 hours. Physical character of materials showed an increase in density and decrease in porosity of the material due to the addition of MgO. Phase identification results obtained from the content of AT and corundum phases which gradual in depth, indicating that FGM has been formed. These results were supported by analysis of x-ray diffraction pattern showing the formation of a solid solution Al2 (1-x) + MgxTi1 xO5 which marked by the shifting of the peak of AT phase in FGM samples with the addition of MgO.

 

Tulisan ini menjelaskan hasil penelitian tentang penggunaan alumina transisi untuk meningkatkan performa keramik. Telah dilakukan sintesis bahan ubahan gradual (Functionally Graded Material, FGM) aluminum titanat (AT)/korundum berbahan dasar serbuk alumina transisi dengan penambahan MgO sebagai penstabil AT sebanyak 2 wt.%. Sampel tanpa tambahan MgO juga dibuat sebagai pembanding. Alumina transisi dengan dan tanpa penambahan MgO dikalsinasi pada temperatur 1100C selama 1 jam sehingga menjadi ?-alumina. Serbuk campuran dikompaksi pada tekanan 49,3 MPa lalu diprasinter pada temperatur 1100C selama 1 jam, kemudian diinfiltrasi secara berulang dengan infiltran larutan TiCl3 (20%) yang dibuat dengan cara melarutkan serbuk logam Ti ke dalam HCl. Selanjutnya bahan disinter pada temperatur 1500C dengan holding time selama 3 jam. Karakterisasi fisik bahan memperlihatkan adanya kenaikan densitas dan penurunan porositas bahan akibat penambahan MgO. Dari hasil identifikasi fasa didapatkan kandungan fasa AT dan korundum yang gradual terhadap kedalaman, menunjukkan bahwa FGM telah terbentuk. Hasil ini didukung dengan analisis pada pola difraksi sinar-x yang memperlihatkan terbentuknya larutan padat Al2(1-x)MgxTi1+xO5 yang ditandai terjadinya pergeseran puncak fasa AT pada sampel FGM dengan penambahan MgO.
METODE ELEMEN HINGGA UNTUK PENYELESAIAN PERSAMAAN SCHRÖDINGER ATOM HIDROGENIK
Authors: Paken Pandiangan  , Supriyadi Supriyadi  , A Arkundato
Published: April 2020

The research computed the energy levels and radial wave functions of the  Hydrogen Atom. The method used for computation was FEM (finite element method). Using the variational method approach, FEM was applied to the action integral of  Schrödinger equation. This lead to the eigenvalue equation in the form of  global matrix equation. The results of computation were depended on boundary of the action integral of Schrödinger equation and number of elements. For boundary 0 - 100a0 and 100 elements,  they were the realistic and best choice of computation to the closed  analytic results. The computation of first five energy levels resulted E1 = -0.99917211 R∞, E2 = -0.24984445 R∞, E3 = -0.11105532 R∞,           E4 = -0.06247405 R∞ and  E5 = -0.03998598 R∞ where 1 R∞ = 13.6 eV. They had relative error under 0.1% to the analytic results.
Sleep Quality and Depression in Vitiligo Patients
Authors: Öztekin Aynure , Öztekin Coşkun
Published: April 2020

Aim: Vitiligo is a common disorder that has not only dermatological but also psychological consequences. The aim of this study was to compare depression and sleep quality of vitiligo patients with healthy control group.

Methods: In this cross-sectional case-control study, patients admitted to the Dermatology Clinic of Skin and Venereal Diseases Department of Hitit University Erol Olçok Education and Research Hospital between August 2018 and August 2019 were compared with healthy control group. The study included 67 patients and 69 control group participants who were matched for age, sex, marriage status, and education level. The subjects were asked to complete a sociodemographic data form, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.

Results: The median total Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score was higher in the patient group compared with the control group. The median scores for subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, and sleep disturbance were also higher in the patient group compared with the control group. A family history of vitiligo was present in 18 (26.9%) patients. The most common type was acrofacial vitiligo, which was present in 29 (43.3%) patients.

Conclusions: Increased probability levels of depression and impaired sleep quality in vitiligo patients suggest that psychiatric evaluation and treatment should be provided for vitiligo patients as a part of a multidisciplinary approach in order to increase the success of the treatment.

Keywords: Vitiligo, depression, sleep quality
A Case Report: Aseptic Meningitis
Authors: Grommen Berksu , Öztürk Güzin Zeren
Published: April 2020

Meningitis is an inflammation of the leptomeninges which surround the brain and the spinal cord. Depending on the organism, it is categorized as aseptic or bacterial meningitis. Cerebro-spinal fluid analyse and its culture are used for this categorization. Although it is thought to occur more frequent in paediatric population, 7.6 out of 100000 adults are affected by the disease. Some people may have sequels such as cognitive impairment, focal neurologic deficits and hearing loss. The mortality of viral meningitis is 4.5%, while it is 14.8% with bacterial meningitis. Headache, nausea and vomiting are the most seen complaints in the early stages of the disease. Because of that it can primarily be misdiagnosed with upper respiratory tract infections but also with other diseases. Therefore, some people may have a late diagnose. That increases the morbidity and the mortality.

This case report, describes a patient who was diagnosed with aseptic meningitis. The patient presented herself to our clinic with the complaints of headache, intermittent fever, stomach ache, and voiding difficulty.

Keywords: aseptic meningitis, Family Practice, vaccination
Evasion of Plant Innate Defense Response by Salmonella on Lettuce
Authors: Johnson Nicholas , Litt Pushpinder K. , Kniel Kalmia E. , Bais Harsh
Published: April 2020

To establish host association, the innate immune system, which is one of the first lines of defense against infectious disease, must be circumvented. Plants encounter enteric foodborne bacterial pathogens under both pre- and post-harvest conditions. Human enteric foodborne pathogens can use plants as temporary hosts. This unique interaction may result in recalls and illness outbreaks associated with raw agricultural commodities. The purpose of this study was to determine if Salmonella enterica Typhimurium applied to lettuce leaves can suppress the innate stomatal defense in lettuce and utilization of UD1022 as a biocontrol against this ingression. Lettuce leaves were spot inoculated with S. Typhimurium wild type and its mutants. Bacterial culture and confocal microscopy analysis of stomatal apertures were used to support findings of differences in S. Typhimurium mutants compared to wild type. The persistence and internalization of these strains on lettuce was compared over a 7-day trial. S. Typhimurium may bypass the innate stomatal closure defense response in lettuce. Interestingly, a few key T3SS components in S. Typhimurium were involved in overriding stomatal defense response in lettuce for ingression. We also show that the T3SS in S. Typhimurium plays a critical role in persistence of S. Typhimurium in planta. Salmonella populations were significantly reduced in all UD1022 groups by day 7 with the exception of fljB and invA mutants. Salmonella internalization was not detected in plants after UD1022 treatment and had significantly higher stomatal closure rates (aperture width = 2.34 μm) by day 1 compared to controls (8.5 μm). S. Typhimurium SPI1 and SPI2 mutants showed inability to reopen stomates in lettuce suggesting the involvement of key T3SS components in suppression of innate response in plants. These findings impact issues of contamination related to plant performance and innate defense responses for plants.
Influence of TiO2 Morphology and Crystallinity on Visible-Light Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2-Bi2O3 Composite in AOPs
Authors: Žerjav Gregor , Pintar Albin
Published: April 2020

Solution combustion synthesis was used to produce a junction between different TiO2 supports (anatase TiO2 nanorods (TNR) and nanoparticles (TNP) and TiO2 with anatase core and amorphous shell (a-TNR)) and narrow bandgap (BG) semiconductor β-Bi2O3. β-Bi2O3 acted as a visible-light photosensitizer and enabled us to carry out photocatalytic oxidation of water dissolved bisphenol A (BPA) with TiO2 based catalysts under visible-light illumination. Heterojunction between TiO2 and β-Bi2O3 in TNR + Bi and TNP + Bi composites enables the transfer of visible-light generated holes from the β-Bi2O3 valence band (VB) to the upper lying TiO2 VB. A p–n junction, established upon close chemical contact between TiO2 and β-Bi2O3, enables the transfer of visible-light generated electrons in the β-Bi2O3 conduction band (CB) to the TiO2 CB. In TNR + Bi and a-TNR + Bi composites, the supplied heat energy during the synthesis of samples was not sufficient to completely transform (BiO)2CO3 into β-Bi2O3. A p–n junction between (BiO)2CO3 and β-Bi2O3 enables the transfer of electrons generated by β-Bi2O3 to (BiO)2CO3. Hindered charge carrier recombination originating from the crystallinity of TiO2 is a more important factor in the overall kinetics of BPA degradation than high specific surface area of the amorphous TiO2 and reduction/oxidation of surface adsorbed substrates.
Comparison of Small-Scale Wind Energy Conversion Systems: Economic Indexes
Authors: Nazir Muhammad Shahzad , Wang Yeqin , Bilal Muhammad , Sohail Hafiz M. , Kadhem Athraa Ali , Nazir H. M. Rashid , Abdalla Ahmed N. , Ma Yongheng
Published: April 2020

Wind energy is considered as one of the most prominent sources of energy for sustainable development. This technology is of interest owing to its capability to produce clean, eco-friendly, and cost-effective energy for small-scale users and rural areas where grid power availability is insufficient. Wind power generation has developed rapidly in the past decade and is expected to play a vital role in the economic development of countries. Therefore, studying dominant economic factors is crucial to properly approach public and private financing for this emerging technology, as industrial growth and energy demands may outpace further economic studies earlier than expected. In this study, a strategy-focused method for performing economic analysis on wind energy based on financial net present value, levelized cost of energy, internal rate of return, and investment recovery period is presented. Numerical and simulation results depict the most optimal and economical system from a 3 and a 10 kW wind energy conversion system (WECS). Moreover, the aforementioned criteria are used to determine which WECS range is the most suitable investment with the shortest payback period. Finally, an economically viable and profitable wind energy system is recommended.
Effect of Pore Size Heterogeneity on Hydrocarbon Fluid Distribution, Transport, and Primary and Secondary Recovery in Nano-Porous Media
Authors: Zhang Kaiyi , Du Fengshuang , Nojabaei Bahareh
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we investigate the effect of pore size heterogeneity on fluid composition distribution of multicomponent-multiphase hydrocarbons and its subsequent influence on mass transfer in shale nanopores. The change of multi-contact minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) in heterogeneous nanopores was investigated. We used a compositional simulation model with a modified flash calculation, which considers the effect of large gas–oil capillary pressure on phase behavior. Different average pore sizes for different segments of the computational domain were considered and the effect of the resulting heterogeneity on phase change, composition distributions, and production was investigated. A two-dimensional formulation was considered here for the application of matrix–fracture cross-mass transfer and the rock matrix can also consist of different segments with different average pore sizes. Both convection and molecular diffusion terms were included in the mass balance equations, and different reservoir fluids such as ternary mixture syntactic oil, Bakken oil, and Marcellus shale condensate were considered. The simulation results indicate that oil and gas phase compositions vary in different pore sizes, resulting in a concentration gradient between the two adjacent pores of different sizes. Given that shale permeability is extremely small, we expect the mass transfer between the two sections of the reservoir/core with two distinct average pore sizes to be diffusion-dominated. This observation implies that there can be a selective matrix–fracture component mass transfer as a result of confinement-dependent phase behavior. Therefore, the molecular diffusion term should be always included in the mass transfer equations, for both primary and gas injection enhanced oil recovery (EOR) simulation of heterogeneous shale reservoirs.
The Family as an Actor in High School Students’ Eating Habits: A Qualitative Research Study
Authors: Garrido-Fernández Almudena , García-Padilla Francisca María , Sánchez-Ramos José Luis , Gómez-Salgado Juan , Sosa-Cordobés Elena
Published: April 2020

In order to discover family conceptions and their difficulties with regard to healthy eating habits during the school day, a qualitative study framed in the phenomenological, exploratory, and explanatory perspective has been carried out to detect and describe the aspects and interrelationships that shape the study phenomenon. The researchers performed triangulation techniques and information analysis support with the Atlas-ti programme. As participants, the students’ parents belonging to public secondary education high schools in Huelva, and the capital and its province were included. The participants were intentionally chosen based on established selection and segmentation criteria. Four main categories were obtained from the triangulated analysis. Healthy breakfast, school snack, school cafeteria, and promotion of healthy food measures. Other subcategories were established within them. Families are well aware of the composition of a healthy breakfast, although this is often not translated into practice. Lack of time, comfort and market influence are the main challenges they encounter for their children to acquire healthy habits. The maintenance of healthy habits, their responsibility and control on behalf of the family, and promoting fruit consumption and healthy products from the part of the centre and its cafeteria were highlighted as improvement proposals.
Isorhamnetin and Hispidulin from Tamarix ramosissima Inhibit 2-Amino-1-Methyl-6-Phenylimidazo[4,5-b]Pyridine (PhIP) Formation by Trapping Phenylacetaldehyde as a Key Mechanism
Authors: Ren Xiaopu , Wang Wei , Bao Yingjie , Zhu Yuxia , Zhang Yawei , Lu Yaping , Peng Zengqi , Zhou Guanghong
Published: April 2020

Tamarix has been widely used as barbecue skewers to obtain a good taste and a unique flavor of roast lamb in China. Many flavonoids have been identified from Tamarix, which is an important strategy employed to reduce the formation of heterocyclic amines (HAs) in roast meat. Isorhamnetin, hispidulin, and cirsimaritin from Tamarix ramosissima bark extract (TRE) effectively inhibit the formation of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b] pyridine (PhIP), the most abundant HAs in foods, both in roast lamb patties and in chemical models. According to the results of the GC-MS analysis, TRE and the three flavonoids significantly reduced the contents of phenylacetaldehyde, an important intermediate involved in PhIP formation at three levels. A subsequent ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) analysis revealed that these flavonoids trapped phenylacetaldehyde by forming interaction adducts. The formation of three postulated adducts, 8-C-(E-phenylethenyl)isorhamnetin, 6-C-(E-phenylethenyl)isorhamnetin and 8-C-(E-phenylethenyl)hispidulin, in the chemical models and roast lamb patties was further confirmed by a TOF-MS/MS analysis. Our results demonstrate that TRE and the corresponding flavonoids trap phenylacetaldehyde to form adducts and thus inhibit PhIP formation, suggesting their great potential beneficial effects on human health.
Sapogenol is a Major Microbial Metabolite in Human Plasma Associated with High Protein Soy-Based Diets: The Relevance for Functional Food Formulations
Authors: Neacsu Madalina , Raikos Vassilios , Benavides-Paz Yara , Duncan Sylvia H. , Duncan Gary J. , Christie James S. , Johnstone Alexandra M. , Russell Wendy R.
Published: April 2020

Legumes are a source of health-promoting macro- and micronutrients, but also contain numerous phytochemicals with useful biological activities, an example of which are saponins. Epidemiological studies suggest that saponins may play a role in protection from cancer and benefit human health by lowering cholesterol. Therefore, they could represent good candidates for specialised functional foods. Following the consumption of a soya-rich high-protein weight-loss diet (SOYA HP WL), the concentrations of Soyasaponin I (SSI) and soyasapogenol B (SSB) were determined in faecal samples from human volunteers (n = 10) and found to be between 1.4 and 17.5 mg per 100 g fresh faecal sample. SSB was the major metabolite identified in volunteers’ plasma (n = 10) after consumption of the soya test meal (SOYA MEAL); the postprandial (3 h after meal) plasma concentration for SSB varied between 48.5 ng/mL to 103.2 ng/mL. The metabolism of SSI by the gut microbiota (in vitro) was also confirmed. This study shows that the main systemic metabolites of soyasaponin are absorbed from the gut and that they are bioavailable in plasma predominantly as conjugates of sapogenol. The metabolism and bioavailability of biologically active molecules represent key information necessary for the efficient development of functional foods.
The UV Perspective of Low-Mass Star Formation
Authors: Schneider P. Christian , Günther H. Moritz , France Kevin
Published: April 2020

The formation of low-mass ( M ★ ≲ 2 M ⊙ ) stars in molecular clouds involves accretion disks and jets, which are of broad astrophysical interest. Accreting stars represent the closest examples of these phenomena. Star and planet formation are also intimately connected, setting the starting point for planetary systems like our own. The ultraviolet (UV) spectral range is particularly suited for studying star formation, because virtually all relevant processes radiate at temperatures associated with UV emission processes or have strong observational signatures in the UV range. In this review, we describe how UV observations provide unique diagnostics for the accretion process, the physical properties of the protoplanetary disk, and jets and outflows.
Forecasting the Term Structure of Interest Rates with Dynamic Constrained Smoothing B-Splines
Authors: Mineo Eduardo , Alencar Airlane Pereira , Moura Marcelo , Fabris Antonio Elias
Published: April 2020

The Nelson–Siegel framework published by Diebold and Li created an important benchmark and originated several works in the literature of forecasting the term structure of interest rates. However, these frameworks were built on the top of a parametric curve model that may lead to poor fitting for sensible term structure shapes affecting forecast results. We propose DCOBS with no-arbitrage restrictions, a dynamic constrained smoothing B-splines yield curve model. Even though DCOBS may provide more volatile forward curves than parametric models, they are still more accurate than those from Nelson–Siegel frameworks. DCOBS has been evaluated for ten years of US Daily Treasury Yield Curve Rates, and it is consistent with stylized facts of yield curves. DCOBS has great predictability power, especially in short and middle-term forecast, and has shown greater stability and lower root mean square errors than an Arbitrage-Free Nelson–Siegel model.
Fingerprint Liveness Detection Based on Fine-Grained Feature Fusion for Intelligent Devices
Authors: Li Xinting , Cheng Weijin , Yuan Chengsheng , Gu Wei , Yang Baochen , Cui Qi
Published: April 2020

Currently, intelligent devices with fingerprint identification are widely deployed in our daily life. However, they are vulnerable to attack by fake fingerprints made of special materials. To elevate the security of these intelligent devices, many fingerprint liveness detection (FLD) algorithms have been explored. In this paper, we propose a novel detection structure to discriminate genuine or fake fingerprints. First, to describe the subtle differences between them and take advantage of texture descriptors, three types of different fine-grained texture feature extraction algorithms are used. Next, we develop a feature fusion rule, including five operations, to better integrate the above features. Finally, those fused features are fed into a support vector machine (SVM) classifier for subsequent classification. Data analysis on three standard fingerprint datasets indicates that the performance of our method outperforms other FLD methods proposed in recent literature. Moreover, data analysis results of blind materials are also reported.
A New Ant Colony-Based Methodology for Disaster Relief
Authors: Ferrer José M. , Ortuño M. Teresa , Tirado Gregorio
Published: April 2020

Humanitarian logistics in response to large scale disasters entails decisions that must be taken urgently and under high uncertainty. In addition, the scarcity of available resources sometimes causes the involved organizations to suffer assaults while transporting the humanitarian aid. This paper addresses the last mile distribution problem that arises in such an insecure environment, in which vehicles are often forced to travel together forming convoys for security reasons. We develop an elaborated methodology based on Ant Colony Optimization that is applied to two case studies built from real disasters, namely the 2010 Haiti earthquake and the 2005 Niger famine. There are very few works in the literature dealing with problems in this context, and that is the research gap this paper tries to fill. Furthermore, the consideration of multiple criteria such as cost, time, equity, reliability, security or priority, is also an important contribution to the literature, in addition to the use of specialized ants and effective pheromones that are novel elements of the algorithm which could be exported to other similar problems. Computational results illustrate the efficiency of the new methodology, confirming it could be a good basis for a decision support tool for real operations.
An Automated SeaFAST ICP-DRC-MS Method for the Determination of 90Sr in Spent Nuclear Fuel Leachates
Authors: Vicente Vilas Víctor , Millet Sylvain , Sandow Miguel , Iglesias Pérez Luis , Serrano-Purroy Daniel , Van Winckel Stefaan , Aldave de las Heras Laura
Published: April 2020

To reduce uncertainties in determining the source term and evolving condition of spent nuclear fuel is fundamental to the safety assessment. ß-emitting nuclides pose a challenging task for reliable, quantitative determination because both radiometric and mass spectrometric methodologies require prior chemical purification for the removal of interfering activity and isobars, respectively. A method for the determination of 90Sr at trace levels in nuclear spent fuel leachate samples without sophisticated and time-consuming procedures has been established. The analytical approach uses a commercially available automated pre-concentration device (SeaFAST) coupled to an ICP-DRC-MS. The method shows good performances with regard to reproducibility, precision, and LOD reducing the total time of analysis for each sample to 12.5 min. The comparison between the developed method and the classical radiochemical method shows a good agreement when taking into account the associated uncertainties.
Structural Features of Triethylammonium Acetate through Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Bodo Enrico
Published: April 2020

I have explored the structural features and the dynamics of triethylammonium acetate by means of semi-empirical (density functional tight binding, DFTB) molecular dynamics. I find that the results from the present simulations agree with recent experimental determinations with only few minor differences in the structural interpretation. A mixture of triethylamine and acetic acid does not form an ionic liquid, but gives rise to a very complex system where ionization is only a partial process affecting only few molecules (1 over 4 experimentally). I have also found that the few ionic couples are stable and remain mainly embedded inside the AcOH neutral moiety.