bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative assessment of artefacts and identification of gaps in prosthetic crowns: a comparative in vitro study between periapical radiography and CBCT images
Authors: Mauad Letícia Queiroz , Doriguêtto Paulo Victor Teixeira , Almeida Daniela de , Fardim Karolina Aparecida Castilho , Machado Alessiana Helena , Devito Karina Lopes
Published: September 2020

Objectives:

To evaluate, in an in vitro study, the quantity of artefacts generated by two different restorative materials, and to determine the diagnostic accuracy of cone beam CT (CBCT) scans and periapical radiographs in identifying gaps in prosthetic crowns.

Methods:

A total of 30 teeth restored with metal-ceramic (n = 15) and all-ceramic (n = 15) crowns, properly adapted and with 0.30- and 0.50 mm gaps, underwent CBCT exams (with voxel sizes of 0.25 and 0.30 mm) and periapical radiographs. The artefacts generated by two different crowns were quantified and compared by the Mann–Whitney test. In addition, five examiners evaluated the presence or absence of gaps in periapical radiographs and CBCT images. The accuracy of tests was determined by the area under the receiver operatring characteristic curve and these values were compared by using the Kruskal–Wallis test.

Results:

There was no significant difference in artefact values between the different restorative materials and the different resolutions of CBCT images. Regarding the accuracy of the tests evaluated, periapical radiography and CBCT with voxel size 0.25 mm showed the best performance for smaller gaps (0.30 mm). For larger gaps (0.50 mm), all exams tested showed the same performance.

Conclusions:

Periapical radiography was still the most cost-beneficial method for the diagnosis of maladaptation in dental restorations. CBCT exams did not improve accuracy in detecting gaps in prosthetic crowns.
Η Διάκριση μεταξύ Ουδετερότητας και Τελειοκρατίας στην Πολιτική και Ηθική Φιλοσοφία του Φιλελυθερισμού: Τι είναι και γιατί έχει σημασία
Authors: Μακρής Λεωνίδας
Published: September 2020

Η αντιπαραβολή των εννοιών της ‘ουδετερότητας’ και της ‘τελειοκρατίας’ στον φιλελευθερισμό και η εν τέλει αντιθετική πολιτικά ερμηνεία τους, είναι εφικτό να έχει χειροπιαστές και πρακτικές επιπτώσεις. Η επισήμανση των υπόρρητων πολιτικών μηνυμάτων που μπορούν οι έννοιες αυτές να φέρουν αλλά και που συστηματικά -συνειδητά ή ασυνείδητα- αποσιωπούνται, μπορεί, επηρεάζοντας το θεωρητικό υπόβαθρο άσκησης πολιτικής, να αποκτήσει επίκαιρο χαρακτήρα με πρακτικό πεδίο εφαρμογής. Τα πλεονεκτήματα του τελειοκρατικού φιλελευθερισμού θα αναδειχθούν κυρίως μέσω της προβολής, της συσχέτισης, καθώς και της στοίχισης συγκεκριμένων επιχειρημάτων του J.S.Mill και του J.Raz αλλά και της αντιπαράθεσής τους με τα αντίστοιχα ‘ουδετεριστών’, όπως ο J.Rawls.
ExploreModelMatrix: Interactive exploration for improved understanding of design matrices and linear models in R
Authors: Soneson Charlotte , Marini Federico , Geier Florian , Love Michael I. , Stadler Michael B.
Published: September 2020

Linear and generalized linear models are used extensively in many scientiﬁc ﬁelds, to model observed data and as the basis for hypothesis tests. The use of such models requires speciﬁcation of a design matrix, and subsequent formulation of contrasts representing scientiﬁc hypotheses of interest. Proper execution of these steps requires a thorough understanding of the meaning of the individual coefﬁcients, and is a frequent source of uncertainty for end users. Here, we present an R/Bioconductor package, ExploreModelMatrix, which enables interactive exploration of design matrices and linear model diagnostics. Given a sample data table and a desired design formula, the package displays how the model coefﬁcients are combined to give the ﬁtted values for each combination of predictor variables, which allows users to both extract the interpretation of each individual coefﬁcient, and formulate desired linear contrasts. In addition, the interactive interface displays informative characteristics for the regular linear model corresponding to the provided design, such as variance inﬂation factors and the pseudoinverse of the design matrix. We envision the package and the built-in collection of common types of linear model designs to be useful for teaching and self-learning purposes, as well as for assisting more experienced users in the interpretation of complex model designs.
Green tea influence on iron overload in thalassemia intermedia patients: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Al-Momen Hayder , Hussein Hussein Khudhair , Al-Attar Zaid , Hussein Mohammed Jalal
Published: September 2020

Background: Although iron chelation therapies have been available for many years for thalassemia intermedia patients, iron accumulation remains the major cause of death. Therefore, the need for additional chelation options is in demand. This randomized controlled study aimed to understand the effects of green tea on iron balance in thalassemia intermedia patients.

Methods: Using a random selection method, 141 thalassemia intermedia patients were initially screened for inclusion in this trial; only 68 patients included after applying exclusion criteria. Two equal groups were generated (n=34/group): green tea (three cups/day after meals) + usual treatment (deferasirox iron chelator and on demand blood transfusion); and control (only usual treatment). The study lasted for a period of 12 months. Patients failing to comply to the trial methodology were excluded, leaving a final total of 29 patients in the green tea group and 28 patients in the control group. Liver iron concentration, and serum ferritin were assessed at baseline and 12 months, while hemoglobin levels were assessed monthly.

Results: At baseline, both groups were matched regarding general demographics. At 12 months, the net drop of liver iron concentration in the green tea group (7.3 mg Fe/g dry weight) was significantly higher than the control group (4.6 mg Fe/g dry weight) (p<0.05). This was also seen with serum ferritin; net reduction in green tea and control groups were 1289 ng/ml and 871 ng/ml, respectively (p<0.05). Hemoglobin levels were slightly higher in the green tea group compared with the control group, but this was not significant.

Conclusions: Regular green tea consumption had a significant capability to improve iron deposition in thalassemia intermedia patients who already undergo deferesirox iron chelation therapy.

Trial registration: UMIN-CTR Clinical Trials Registry, UMIN000040841 (retrospectively registered June 21, 2020).
New and Emerging Therapies in the Management of Bladder Cancer
Authors: Osterman Chelsea K. , Milowsky Matthew I.
Published: September 2020

The treatment landscape for bladder cancer has undergone a rapid evolution in the past five years with the approval of seven new agents. New classes of medications have improved outcomes for many patients who previously had limited treatment options, but there is still much to learn about how to optimize patient selection for these agents and the role of combination therapies. The aims of this review are to discuss these newly approved agents for bladder cancer and to feature promising drugs and combinations—including immune checkpoint inhibitors, targeted therapies, and antibody–drug conjugates—that are in development.
Heritability of language laterality assessed by functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound: a twin study
Authors: Bishop Dorothy V.M. , Bates Timothy C.
Published: September 2020

Background: Prior studies have estimated heritability of around 0.25 for the trait of handedness, with studies of structural brain asymmetry giving estimates in a similar or lower range. Little is known about heritability of functional language lateralization. This report describes heritability estimates using functional language laterality and handedness phenotypes in a twin sample previously reported by Wilson and Bishop (2018).

Methods: The total sample consisted of 194 twin pairs (49% monozygotic) aged from 6 to 11 years. A language laterality index was obtained for 141 twin pairs, who completed a protocol where relative blood flow through left and right middle cerebral arteries was measured using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound (fTCD) while the child described animation sequences. Handedness data was available from the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (EHI) and Quantification of Hand Preference (QHP) for all 194 pairs. Heritability was assessed using conventional structural equation modeling, assuming no effect of shared environment (AE model).

Results: For the two handedness measures, heritability estimates (95% CI) were consistent with prior research: .25 (.03 - .34) and .18 (0 – .31) respectively for the EHI and QHP. For the language laterality index, however, the twin-cotwin correlations were close to zero for both MZ and DZ twins, and the heritability estimate was zero (0 - .15).

Conclusions: A single study cannot rule out a genetic effect on language lateralisation. It is possible that the low twin-cotwin correlations were affected by noisy data: although the split-half reliability of the fTCD-based laterality index was high (0.85), we did not have information on test-retest reliability in children, which is likely to be lower. We cannot reject the hypothesis that there is low but nonzero heritability for this trait, but our data suggest that individual variation in language lateralisation is predominantly due to stochastic variation in neurodevelopment.
Modern Specifics of Requirements for Personnel in the Innovation Sphere Based on the Theory of Generations
Authors: Morozova I. , Konovalova O. , Rodkina T.
Published: September 2020

The article describes the stress factor in hiring employees who meet the requirements of the innovation sphere and analyzes the demographic and economic reasons. The analysis of applicants from different generational groups in the personnel selection process was carried out taking into account an updated set of indicators that determine compliance with value and motivational criteria using the theory of generations. Risks have been identified to prioritize the usual age segment, the Authors made a number of conclusions: the obvious fact that the need to revise the usual priority age segment of generation Y, and defined the direction of approach to attract generation Z.
Humane Method of Transformation from Personal to Organizational: 5D Competency Management Model
Authors: Kozina Ekaterina , Grechukhina Anna
Published: September 2020

The article analyses the problems of the formation of integrated systems for personnel development in the context of modern criteria for the competitiveness of a company (team) in the market, which determine the requirements for the level of competence of employees. The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that the existing range of various combinations of traditional forms and the most modern technologies, innovative tools for training and stimulating personnel in most cases does not provide a significant increase in companies’ personnel potential and does not create the opportunity for necessary organizational changes. The authors suggest using an interdisciplinary approach in the design of the personnel development system, which is based on a synthesis of scenarios of the company’s situational management and a personalized approach based on ethics and value priorities of the person, taking into account their psychological age. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the 5D-methodology proposed by the authors - a competency management model, which is a multidimensional matrix of individual pathways of motivation development, as well as flexible and solid skills of employees, which represents a certain way of “growing up”: from personal to organizational. The practical value of the methodology proposed by the authors lies in the ability to ensure the growth of personnel competitiveness and the effectiveness of the company (team) as a whole, by integrating the laws of evolutionary development into the practice of human resource management on the basis of the principles of environmental leadership and targeted management impact.
Innovative Technologies in the Implementation of Personnel Policy: Practical Approach
Authors: Nikulina Yu. , Kablukova O.
Published: September 2020

Effective innovative personnel policy is designed to create conditions for increasing labor productivity and job satisfaction of employees of the organization. Innovations in personnel management allow you to fully implement the strategic goals and objectives of the organization, involving the organization's personnel in non-standard ways in their solution. The article discusses the behavior models of employees of the organization and their relationship with the innovation strategy. The results of the use of innovative technologies in the implementation of human resources policies by Russian organizations are presented and the risk factors for their implementation are listed. The authors substantiate the need to implement distance learning as a tool for implementing innovative personnel policy and determine the impact of the results of implementing iSpring on the effectiveness of the organization's personnel technologies.
Dziedzictwo kulturowe wspólnot lokalnych w tradycji ustnej
Authors: Paleczny Tadeusz
Published: September 2020

Cultural Heritage of Local Communities in Oral History. The Base of Constructing the Social Memory 

Local communities construct their own cultural heritage on the base of speaking traditions means as oral history. Each small community protects its own set of symbols and elements of tradition, including belief, dialect and private stories and anecdotes. The oral history performs a function of a part of social memory and sustains close social bonds among members of small communities. The article concerns the oral history’s role in preserving the cultural identity of small local communities.
„Co powiedziałem, jest prawdą”
Authors: Polit Jakub
Published: September 2020

„What I Said, Is True”. Moa Birds (Dimornithiformes) in the Collective Maori Memory

Giant moa birds were one of the most spectacular of all New Zealand phenomena. It is assumed that those titanic creatures were completely wiped out by Maori tribes in the 15th–16th centuries. Many authors argue that at the time of European discovery of New Zealand Maori completely lost their recollections of moa. Native traditions however claim the opposite. It is very probable that last Mohicans of those birds survived until the 18th or even the 19th century.
Microbiological analysis of water and thickeners used for people with dysphagia
Authors: Boaden Elizabeth , Thomas Lois , Caroline Susan , Watkins Higham
Published: September 2020

Thickened fluids are a recognised intervention strategy in use for people with dysphagia. However, their bacterial profile has not previously been examined. Aims: To identify bacteria and changes in bacterial profiles in a range of water sources and thickener preparations over a 5-day period. Methods: Nine experiments were performed using a range of preparations (sterile, drinking, non-drinking tap water) and a thickening agent (sterile sachet and a used tin). Findings: No bacteria were grown on serial subcultures of sterile water, both with and without thickener. Drinking, tap and thickened water left at room temperature for 24 hours may become contaminated with environmental organisms. Conclusions: The growth of bacteria in preparations of thickening agent appears to be dependent upon water quality, while the proliferation of bacteria is dependent upon the length of time the preparation is allowed to stand at room temperature.
Should all patients with septic shock have a mean arterial pressure threshold of 65 mmHg?
Authors: Campbell Niamh , McGuire Sean , Carle Coralie
Published: September 2020

Sepsis requiring cardiovascular support is a common reason for critical care admission. The threshold for mean arterial pressure in septic shock has been set at a population-wide threshold of 65 mmHg by a European consensus statement, but should the threshold be higher?
Evidence for person-centred care in chronic wound care: A systematic review and recommendations for practice
Authors: Gethin Georgina , Probst Sebastian , Stryja Jan , Christiansen Natalia , Price Patricia
Published: September 2020

Background

Chronic wounds affect an estimated 2.21 per 1000 population. They are a significant source of morbidity and affect individuals physically, psychologically, socially and financially. Person-centered care is one approach to improve patient outcomes in wound care as it values patients' perspectives, beliefs and autonomy and considers the person as a whole within the cultural context in which care is provided.

Aim

We aimed to review the evidence on the use of person-centered care (PCC) in chronic wound care management and provide recommendations for practice and future research.

Method

Using a systematic review methodology, we searched six databases for full-text papers from 2009–2019 published in peer-reviewed journals with no limits on language.

Results

Eighteen articles on studies involving 3149 patients from nine countries were identified. Studies were conducted under three broad intervention categories: healthcare professional education (n=1); patient education (n=14) and telemedicine (n=3). Studies were equally focused on prevention and treatment of chronic wounds. Significant improvements were reported in patient knowledge, pain and self-care behaviours. Only two studies evaluated the impact on wound healing and one study estimated the cost of implementing person-centered care.

Conclusions

The evidence base to support PCC in wound management is developing and based on our review has shown improved outcomes in areas of pressure ulcer prevention, patient satisfaction, patient knowledge and quality of life, but clinical outcomes such as wound healing were less well explored. Further research with more objective outcome measures are required.
Travel and COVID-19: what the practice nurse needs to know
Authors: Gawthrop Mary
Published: September 2020

As individuals start planning travel abroad again, Mary Gawthrop explains the key considerations for travel health consultations during the COVID-19 pandemic

While COVID-19 continues to be a risk worldwide, lockdown and international travel restrictions are being eased in many countries, including the UK. General practice nurses have a role to play in assisting UK residents to make an informed choice about travelling abroad during this pandemic.
The need for more nurses in clinical director roles
Authors: Oldman Crystal
Published: September 2020

Crystal Oldman explains why practice nurses need more support to apply for clinical director roles in general practice and the benefit to communities
Are we doing enough for our BME workforce in nursing?
Authors: Roye Julie
Published: September 2020

The combination of the COVID-19 crisis and the Black Lives Matter movement has thrown a spotlight on racial inequalities in the NHS. Here BME nurse Julie Roye discusses the extent of the problem and the steps necessary to affect lasting change
Modernising general practice in Scotland
Authors: Forbes Alasdair , McNeil Ian
Published: September 2020

GPs and their staff have responded to the challenges of the coronavirus pandemic with speed. This article describes the development of a new practice in Scotland, which has enabled greater team working using innovative models of care
CQC and the management of COVID-19
Authors: Halliwell Amanda
Published: September 2020

The Care Quality Commission's second insight report highlights changes in practices, joint working factors which enabled these and issues that need to be further developed
The Uniqueness of London
Authors: Panayi Panikos
Published: September 2020

This chapter shows how five characteristics make London particularly unique among global cities. First, it has a history of immigration dating back at least two millennia, linked to the fact that migrants, in the form of invading Romans, founded the city. Second, it has become ‘super-diverse’ in recent years due to the range of countries from which the population of the British capital has originated as well as the range of languages spoken and religious pluralism. A third unique characteristic lies in the fact that, for much of its history, especially the last two centuries, London has served as home to at least half, and often more, of most of the migrant groups which have settled in Britain. Fourth, as the city and its population have increased together with the number of immigrants, the concentration of foreigners has moved away from the East End heartland to encompass the entire capital of Britain. Fifth, migrants to London do not simply fit into neat theories of labour migration.
A Slow Thaw across the Pacific: From Socialist Revolution to Pragmatic Reform
Authors: Wise Carol
Published: September 2020

This chapter provides a historical overview of the evolution of China-LAC relations from that of third world peers with distinct political and economic interactions in the postwar years to a takeoff in economic ties at the turn of millennium. It focuses on five of the six strategic partners with which China had the strongest bonds: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Peru, excluding Costa Rica because it did not recognize China diplomatically until 2007. The author argues that although China’s rapid ability to become such a significant force within the economies of these countries is due to the sudden boom in commodity prices around 2003, the ties formed were largely an extension and exaggeration of much earlier trends. Thus, the sheer magnitude of the expansion in China–LAC economic relations in the 2000s may have caught policymakers and producers off guard, but the relationship itself was already under way and fairly well defined.
New Copyright Exceptions
Authors: Shaver Lea
Published: September 2020

This chapter discusses the non-profit organization Benetech, which operates many programs turning technology to social benefit. The biggest part of this work is Bookshare, an adaptive-format digital library for people with blindness and other print disabilities. It also mentions CEO Jim Fruchterman, who spent more than a year fighting for international adoption of the Marrakesh Treaty to facilitate cross-border sharing between libraries for people with disabilities. He is keenly aware of how copyright law can limit the possibilities for addressing book hunger through innovative non-profit efforts. The chapter concludes with the Marrakesh Treaty and how it provided important support for the global spread of copyright exceptions for the blind.
Choosing Open Licenses
Authors: Shaver Lea
Published: September 2020

This chapter focuses on Creative Commons licensing, which has a vital role to play in tackling book hunger. Open-access books facilitate costless sharing and adaptation to diverse needs, especially through translation. It emphasizes that although open licensing is not right for everyone, all authors, illustrators, and publishers with a sense of social mission should explore what open licensing could do for their cause. Open licensing mandates are also becoming increasingly common requirements for funding from governments and foundations. Funders can incentivize authors and publishers to learn about and experiment with open licensing. The chapter further explains that open licensing requires a counterintuitive leap of faith: that surrendering control will actually help achieve certain goals. The best way to overcome doubt is to conduct an experiment. If someone is a publisher, that person should identify half a dozen backlist titles whose sales have slowed, and release half of them on a Creative Commons license.
Prologue
Authors: Coller Ian
Published: September 2020

This prologue offers a snapshot of what Islam and Muslims meant for the France of the late ancien régime and observes the shifts that were already emerging as 1789 approached. From the end of the fifteenth century until the last quarter of the eighteenth, Islam remained on the fringe of a French consciousness. Islam was principally understood by the ancien régime as a heresy, a distorted version of Christianity. With the global geopolitical shifts of the later eighteenth century, however, these matrices of religious understanding were fundamentally changed. From the mid-sixteenth century onward, France joined a loose alliance with the Ottoman Empire, fostering ongoing contacts in diplomacy, military training, and trade with a Muslim power. Beginning in the 1720s, philosophers began to investigate the life and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad in new ways that undermined older theological understandings. Trade and diplomacy produced travelers' accounts that shaped the ideas of Enlightenment thinkers. Radical philosophical ideas about Islam came together with diplomatic and commercial knowledge of Muslim societies to produce a sea change in conceptions about Muslims and Islam that would become entangled with the revolutionary transformation.
The Turbans of Liberty
Authors: Coller Ian
Published: September 2020

This chapter investigates the wave of revolutionary universalism launched by a piece of revolutionary theater. This was symbolized by the turban, even as that universalism was riven from within by contradictions over race and religion. As the exclusions of the ancien régime were addressed, new questions emerged around the plurality of religions and their relation to the state. In June 1790, on the anniversary of the declaration of the National Assembly, the appearance of a deputation of foreigners led by the Prussian baron Jean-Baptiste (later Anacharsis) Cloots set off a remarkable chain of events that led to the abolition of noble titles in France. The visible presence of Muslims in this deputation played a key role in catalyzing the explosion of enthusiasm that followed: so much so that counterrevolutionary voices clamored to insist that these Muslims were impostors dressed in costumes from the opera.
The Muslim Jacobins
Authors: Coller Ian
Published: September 2020

This chapter explores the example of the Indian Muslim Ahmed Khan, who was, like many Muslims, greeted with hospitality by the Revolution. Indeed, despite the hostility of leading Jacobins to the expansion of revolutionary proselytism into allied states like the Ottoman Empire, the appearance of this Indian Muslim could set in train a project to translate the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen into Persian. That project was encouraged by Maximilien Robespierre, even as he rejected the attempts by French subjects in the Muslim world to establish revolutionary societies. In addition, Ahmed's story can tell us something about the French Revolution and its relationship to the foreigner. Despite the shifts in revolutionary historiography, the old notion that foreigners were arbitrarily persecuted under “the Terror” has remained largely in place. From the perspective of this Indian Muslim, that history looks different. Instead of suspicion and distrust, he found support and encouragement.
Review of the book: Deleuze and Masculinity (Hickey-Moody, 2019)
Authors: De Riba Silvia
Published: September 2020

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Affective togetherness in arts education: Lingering on a performative approach to wool felting
Authors: Jamouchi Samira
Published: September 2020

This article explores moments relating to affect and togetherness as expressed by three groups of teacher training students who participated in different performative wool felting sessions during 2018 and 2019 at two Norwegian universities. A performative approach to the subject of visual arts in teacher education is characterised by fostering intra-actions among the participants engaging bodily with each other, space, time and materials, in an open-ended, creative way.The students express feeling of togetherness stimulated by intra-actions in such relational processes during performative approaches to wool felting. The leading question throughout this enquiry is what kind of togetherness the participants express. This is seen in dialogue with the work of Brian Massumi about affect. I borrow concepts from Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, along with theoretical insights from Karen Barad, to share those experiences with the reader.
Almanac: Literature
Authors: Skiveren Tobias
Published: September 2020

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Posthumanism, education and decolonization: A conversation with Michalinos Zembylas
Authors: Barreiro Jacky , Vroegindeweij Melisse , Forte Magali , Zembylas Michalinos
Published: September 2020

The work of creating decolonized futures has been a particularly important undertaking in educational contexts, for which posthumanist and new materialist theories provide useful insights. Yet, how decolonization is to be achieved and whose responsibility it is remains up for discussion. This intra-view focuses on the tensions between decolonizing practices and posthumanism, and their implications foreducation: What can(’t) these theories do to decolonize education? And how do weengage in posthuman practices in education without overstepping, appropriating, or (re)colonizing Indigenous epistemologies? Thinking through these questions, in this intra-view we engage in a conversation with Michalinos Zembylas.
The Marriage of Policy, Practices, and Data to Achieve Educational Reform
Authors: Horner Robert H.
Published: September 2020

The policy decisions of state, district and school educators affect the extent to which students have access to high-quality practices. This is especially relevant for students with disabilities and their families. This article summarizes a presentation made at the 2019 AAIDD conference and proposes an operational role for policy makers. Two frequently cited advances in education are (a) the commitment to adopt “evidence-based practices,” and (b) the impact of information technology and data systems on the active “use of data for decision making” in schools. This article reviews the integrative role that policy decisions make in transforming effective practices and good data systems into practical outcomes for children and families.
Family-Based Practices to Promote Well-Being
Authors: McIntyre Laura Lee
Published: September 2020

Interventions that promote parent and child well-being in families with children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are important, given the caregiving burden often associated with supporting children with developmental and behavioral challenges. This article summarizes a presentation made at the 2019 AAIDD annual conference and reviews evidence-based interventions that promote parenting skills, enhance caregiver well-being, and reduce child challenging behavior. The article reviews the role that behavioral and mindfulness-based interventions play in enhancing family well-being. A discussion of research gaps and future directions is included, especially as they relate to the role of technology in scaling up interventions and making them accessible to a broader audience.
2.8  µm passively Q-switched Er:ZBLAN fiber laser with an Sb saturable absorber mirror
Authors: Wang Jintao , Wei Jincheng , Liu Wenjun , Yan Peiguang , Guo Chunyu , Ye Chuanxiang , Xia Linzhong , Ruan Shuangchen
Published: September 2020

A

Q

-switched Er:ZBLAN fiber laser operating at 2.8 µm was realized by employing Sb as the saturable material. The Sb material was deposited on a gold mirror by the magnetron-sputtering deposition method to develop a saturable absorber mirror (SAM). By employing the Sb-SAM in an Er:ZBLAN fiber laser, stable

Q

-switching operation was achieved at central wavelength of 2799.7 nm with the repetition rates ranging from 33.3 to 58.8 kHz and the pulse duration ranging from 5.7 to 1.7 µs. The Sb-SAM still works stably under the maximum pump power of 5.6 W, with an output power of 59 mW corresponding to the pulse energy of 1.03 µJ. To our knowledge, this was the first demonstration of Sb-based saturable material in Er:ZBLAN fiber laser for mid-infrared

Q

-switched pulse generation operating in the 2.8 µm regime, indicating its potential applications in the mid-infrared waveband.
On the suitability, requisites, and challenges of machine learning [Invited]
Authors: Morais Rui Manuel
Published: September 2020

The introduction of 5G, the increasing number of connected devices, and the exponential growth of services relying on connectivity are pressuring multilayer networks to improve their scaling, efficiency, and controlling capabilities. However, enhancing those features consistently results in a significant amount of complexity in operating the resources available across heterogeneous vendors and technology domains. Thus, multilayer networks should become more intelligent in order to be efficiently managed, maintained, and optimized. In this context, we are witnessing an increasing interest in the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in the design and operation of multilayer optical transport networks. This paper provides a brief introduction to key concepts in AI/ML, highlighting the conditions under which the use of ML is justified, on the requisites to deploy a data-driven system, and on the challenges faced when moving toward a production environment. As far as possible, some key concepts are illustrated using two realistic use-cases applied to multilayer optical networks: cognitive service provisioning and quality of transmission estimation.
Customizing twisted Schell-model beams
Authors: Tian Cong , Zhu Shijun , Huang Hongkun , Cai Yangjian , Li Zhenhua
Published: September 2020

Since the celebrated twist phase was proposed by Simon and Mukunda, despite the tremendous progress made in theory over the past decades, developing a simple and flexible experimental method to customize this novel phase has long been a tricky challenge. In this Letter, we demonstrate a general experimental method for generating twisted Schell-model beams by implementing the continuous coherent beam integral function in a discrete form. Experimental results based on rigorous Laguerre–Gauss modes superposition are also demonstrated, indicating that our method is more convenient and of higher quality. The twist factor is also measured using the rotation characteristics during propagation, and the results agree well with the theoretical prediction. The method could serve as a general way for customizing bona fide twisted cross-spectral densities while facilitating certain applications.
O colapso da arte pública nas práticas artísticas das vanguardas contemporâneas:
Authors: Oliveira Luiz Sérgio da Cruz de
Published: September 2020

Este estudo busca entender a produção de arte recente na esfera pública como um transbordamento da arte contemporânea, em um movimento que parece revelar a insuficiência dos espaços tradicionais para uma arte que se fez política e que, colateralmente, coloca em disputa a validade da noção de arte pública como categoria. Ao mesmo tempo, visamos investigar a produção desses/as artistas e coletivos de artistas (e de não-artistas), comprometidos com as conexões entre arte, política e questões sociais na esfera pública, a partir de perspectivas que os identificam como “vanguardas contemporâneas”, rebatidas em práticas que atualizam utopias, estratégias e ações das primeiras vanguardas do século XX, em especial das vanguardas russas, em suas articulações entre preocupações político-sociais e elaborações estéticas.
Von vulnerablen Frauen zu einer genderbewussten Klimapolitik
Authors: Röhr Ulrike
Published: September 2020

Seit das Thema Gender in den Fokus des internationalen Klimaprozesses gerückt ist, bekommt es auch hierzulande mehr Aufmerksamkeit. Die Verbesserung der Datenlage, die den Zusammenhang zwischen Geschlechterverhältnissen und Klimawandel belegt, ermöglicht es, Klimapolitik genderbewusst zu gestalten.
Was leistet die Landwirtschaft wirklich?
Authors: Hiß Christian
Published: September 2020

Grundlage aller unternehmerischen Entscheidungen ist die betriebliche Rechnungslegung, die die Wirtschaftskraft eines Betriebes abbildet. Problematisch hierbei ist, dass in der traditionellen Rechnungslegung Natur- und Sozialkapital nicht berücksichtigt werden. Dies gilt insbesondere für die Landwirtschaft.
Einführung in das Schwerpunktthema
Authors: Petschow Ulrich , Aus dem Moore Nils , Lange Steffen , Hofmann David
Published: September 2020

Einführung in das Schwerpunktthema
Neugewichtung von Erwerbsarbeit und Tätigsein für eine Postwachstumsgesellschaft
Authors: Seidl Irmi , Zahrnt Angelika
Published: September 2020

Wachstumspolitik wird allzu oft mit dem Erhalten und Schaffen von Arbeitsplätzen begründet.  Tatsächlich beeinflussen verschiedene Faktoren, ob, wie viele und welche Arbeitsplätze es gibt. Notwendig für eine Postwachstumsgesellschaft ist es, neben Erwerbsarbeit die Vielfalt möglicher und nötiger Tätigkeiten stärker zu gewichten.
Einführung in das Schwerpunktthema
Authors: Lautermann Christian
Published: September 2020

Einführung in das Schwerpunktthema
Nachhaltigkeitsberichte mit Biss
Authors: Hofielen Gerd
Published: September 2020

Aus der Kritik an schwacher Nachhaltigkeitsleistung von Unternehmen und der lückenhaften Unternehmensverantwortung ist das Konzept der Gemeinwohlökonomie entstanden. Im Folgenden soll erörtert werden, durch welche Wirkungsprinzipien sie wertvolle Impulse für die künftige Berichterstattung und den Gesetzgeber liefert.
Verbraucherinformation 4.0
Authors: Hensberg Claudia
Published: September 2020

Der Informationsbedarf der Verbraucher/innen ist insbesondere bezüglich sozialer und ökologischer Kriterien nicht gedeckt. Gleichzeitig ermöglichen Smartphones und mobiler Internetzugang neue Wege in der Verbraucherinformation. In diesem Artikel wird ein Konzept für ein digitales Verbraucherreporting entwickelt.
IPCC Report - Das fehlende Szenario „Klimaschutz ohne Wachstum“
Authors: Kurz Rudi , Spangenberg Joachim H. , Zahrnt Angelika
Published: September 2020

Nach Aussagen des Weltklimarats IPCC, können die Klimaschutzziele des Paris Agreement mit  Reduktionsmaßnahmen alleine nicht mehr erreicht werden. Alle Szenarien des IPCC gehen allerdings von  anhaltendem Wirtschaftswachstum aus. Nicht geprüft wird, wie sich eine wirtschaftliche Entwicklung ohne Wachstum auf die CO2-Emissionen auswirken würde
Hauptsache absolute Reduktion des Umweltverbrauchs!
Authors: Heyen Dirk Arne
Published: September 2020

Angesichts bestehender Unsicherheiten zur Entkoppelbarkeit von Wirtschaftswachstum und Umweltverbrauch ist eine „vorsorgende Postwachstumsposition“ unterstützenswert. Befürworter/innen und Kritiker/innen von Wachstum sollten stärker auf Maßnahmen dringen, die eine absolute Reduktion des Umweltverbrauchs sicherstellen.
Commons - frei, fair und nachhaltig
Authors: Kratzwald Brigitte
Published: September 2020

Nicht erst seit dem Essay „Die Tragik der Allmende“ ist bekannt, dass Nutzungseinschränkungen essenziell sind für langlebige Gemeingüter. Doch dieser langfristige Blick auf den Erhalt der  Lebensgrundlagen hat in der vorherrschenden Wirtschaftswissenschaft häufig keinen Platz. Sind Commons mit den gängigen ökonomischen Begriffen beschreibbar?
Maßnahmen und Instrumente der städtischen Wärmeplanung
Authors: Hesse Lubow
Published: September 2020

Für eine zielgerichtete und klimafreundliche Umgestaltung der städtischen Wärmeversorgung bedarf es eines umfangreichen Instrumentariums. Die Stadt Hamburg setzt bereits mehrere, aufeinander aufbauende Instrumente ein und entwickelt diese stets weiter, um der großen Herausforderung der Wärmewende gerecht zu werden.
Mobilität in klimaneutralen Stadtquartieren – elektrisch, multimodal und vernetzt
Authors: Bauer Uta , Stein Thomas , Langer Victoria
Published: September 2020

Lärm, Abgase und Unfallgefahr sind neben der Flächendominanz parkender Pkw zentrale  Probleme für die derzeitige Stadt- und Verkehrsentwicklung. Das Projekt „City2Share“ gibt  Anhaltspunkte für ökologische Alternativen.
Corporate Culture 4.0
Authors: Klein Birgit , Zirnig Christopher
Published: September 2020

Die Digitalisierung nimmt derzeit großen Einfluss auf Unternehmen, was eine bewusste Analyse und Beschäftigung mit der eigenen Unter nehmenskultur notwendig macht. Diese Studie befasst sich mit der Frage, ob dabei eine digitale Unternehmenskultur – eine Corporate Culture 4.0 – entsteht, wie diese aussieht und ob man sie forcieren kann.
Scharlinger Thesen zur aktuellen Debatte im Klimaschutz
Authors: Siebenhüner Bernd , Kropfeld Maren , Beyer Vegard , Pissarskoi Eugen
Published: September 2020

Die Klimabewegung, getragen von „Fridays for Future“ und „ Extinction Rebellion“, hat es geschafft, politisch wirksam zu  werden und für Regierungen unausweichlichen politischen Druck zu erzeugen. Wie kann dieser Handlungsdruck in konkrete  politische und gesellschaftliche Veränderungen überführt werden?
Wissenschaft und Politik: Es bewegt sich etwas!
Authors: Petschow Ulrich , Riousset Pauline
Published: September 2020

Politische Aktionsbündnisse wie Fridays for Future setzen sich für Ziele ein, die weitgehend auf einem Konsens innerhalb der Wissenschaft beruhen. Werden die Positionen damit nun in der Politik Gehör finden? Welche Rolle spielen dabei auch traditionelle Verbände und Gewerkschaften?
Gegensätze ergänzen sich
Authors: Kryst Melanie
Published: September 2020

Wenn Gewerkschaften und Nichtregierungsorganisationen transnationale Bündnisse bilden, kann eine schlagkräftige Paarung entstehen. Gewerkschaften, verankert in staatlichen Politikarenen und erprobt in Verhandlungen mit globalen Unternehmen, können ein ideales Pendant zu kampagnenerfahrenen Nichtregierungsorganisationen mit weltweiter Konsument/innenmacht  bilden – wenn sie ihre Strategien kombinieren.
Gewerkschaften und soziale Verbände als Mitstreiter
Authors: Schroeder Wolfgang
Published: September 2020

Industrie, Energie und Mobilität sind eng miteinander verwoben. Was wir gerade erleben, ist ihre gleichzeitig stattfindende Neuausrichtung mit weitreichenden Konsequenzen für Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Wie können Gewerkschaften und soziale Verbände diese Transformation vorantreiben?
Just Transition: Eine Frage der Gerechtigkeit
Authors: Sharp Helen , Riousset Pauline
Published: September 2020

Kohlekommission, Fridays for Future und ziviler Ungehorsam im Tagebau – an Problemperspektiven um die Frage der Kohle scheint es nicht zu mangeln. In Frankreich zeichnen unterdessen die Proteste der „Gelbwesten“ ein neues Drohszenario. So unterschiedlich die Anliegen der Akteure sind, für sie alle scheint klar – es geht um Gerechtigkeit.
Is this what Democracy looks like?
Authors: Keil Therese Emilie
Published: September 2020

Seit über einem Jahr demonstrieren Schüler/innen weltweit jeden Freitag für effektiven Klimaschutz. Doch die nötigen politischen Maßnahmen bleiben aus – welches Demokratieverständnis vermittelt solche Gehörlosigkeit jungen Menschen? Und was bleibt der Gesellschaft, um die Politik zum Handeln zu bringen?
Zum E-Auto gezwungen
Authors: Brunnengräber Achim
Published: September 2020

Nachdem Tesla in Deutschland einen Produktionsstandort plant, ist die Hektik in der deutschen Automobilbranche groß: Endlich soll auch die Entwicklung von Fahrzeugen mit Elektromotoren stärker gefördert werden. Was können die Automobilkonzerne wirklich zu einer Verkehrswende beitragen?
Der erfolgreiche Abbau von Einkaufsbarrieren in Unverpackt-Läden
Authors: Heinl Laura Therese , Zvezdov Dimitar , Mazurek Jessica , Fischer Christina
Published: September 2020

Unverpackt-Läden sprießen in ganz Deutschland aus dem Boden. Der damit verbundene Ansatz zur Reduzierung von Verpackungsmüll ist jedoch aus Sicht der Konsumierenden mit zahlreichen Herausforderungen verbunden. Wie können Unverpackt-Läden dazu beitragen, das Verhalten der Käufer/innen positiv zu beeinflussen?
Interpreting COVID-19 through the lens of the second Deep Transition
Authors: Schot Johan
Published: September 2020

Is COVID-19 a stepping stone towards a more sustainable future, or it is just a stone in the pond of which the effects will wither away as soon as we are back to normal? A look at the opportunities arising from the crisis.
Die Potenziale der Energieeinsparung in der Abwasserwirtschaft
Authors: Niederste-Hollenberg Jutta , Schirmer Gitta , Borger Julia , Winkler Jenny , Zheng Lin , Fritz Markus , Hillenbrand Thomas , Kolisch Gerd
Published: September 2020

Welche Potenziale birgt die Abwasserwirtschaft im Sinne der Klimaschutzziele? Und welche rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen sind dabei zu berücksichtigen? Durch innovative Ansätze sowie die Einbindung in den Energiemarkt können erhebliche Effizienzpotenziale ausgeschöpft werden.
THE FUNCTIONAL STATUS OF HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AND HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-GONADAL AXIS IN YOUNG WOMEN WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
Authors: Milashechkina E , Dzhandarova T
Published: September 2020

Aim. The article aims to evaluate the functional status of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal systems in females with vascular dystonia from a special medical group. Materials and methods. The study involved first-year female students divided into 3 groups: 1 (control, n = 45) – apparently healthy students; 2 (experimental, n = 27) – students from a special medical group with vascular dystonia (VVD): 1st experimental (n = 12) – students diagnosed with VVD of the hypertensive type, 2nd experimental (n = 15) – students with VVD of the hypotonic type. The functional status of the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenocortical and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal systems was revealed by the concentration of cortisol (K), testosterone (T) and estradiol (E) in saliva and the E / T ratio. Results. The content of cortisol in saliva in females with VVD in both experimental groups was significantly higher (P < 0.001, P < 0.05) than in the control group. Cortisol levels are higher in females with hypertensive VVD than in females with hypotonic VVD (P < 0.05). In females with VVD of the hypotonic type, the level of estradiol is higher by 24% than in the control group, and in females with VVD of the hypertensive type, estradiol is more than twice higher. The concentration of testosterone was significantly higher in both experimental groups compared to the control group (P < 0.001), an increase in T was observed in females with VVD of the hypertensive type. The E/T ratio in students with VVD in both groups showed no significant changes compared to the control group. Significant positive differences were revealed in females with VVD of the hypertensive type compared with VVD of the hypotonic type (P < 0.01). Conclusion. The results of the study showed that changes in hormone secretion can be considered as a chain of closely connected reactions in the regulatory mechanisms of the cardiovascular system for maintaining self-regulation of the body and ensuring adaptation under stress. Therefore, the disruption of any link requires the use of reserve capacities of the body, which affects the performance of the leading adaptation systems.
THE INCREASE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN PERSONS USING SPORTS GROUNDS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING
Authors: Nagovitsyn R , Osipov A , Kudryavtsev M , Antamoshkin O , Glinchikova L
Published: September 2020

Aim. The article deals with increasing the weekly physical activity (PA) of the persons of different age and gender attending sports grounds (SG). Materials and methods. 1726 residents of Glazov and Krasnoyarsk participated in the study. The age of the residents ranges from 18 to 78 years. The research lasted for 8 months (March – October 2018). The following methods have been used: a survey and a statistical recording of the number of residents visiting SG. To increase the physical activity of residents, volunteer activities were used, and information support for the effective use of street facilities was provided (training time, types of exercises, exercise load, etc.). The statistical analysis of the results was performed using the Student's t-test. Results. A significant (P < 0.01) increase of the number of residents who regularly (at least 3 times per week) visited SG was found. The most significant increase was found among the people aged 35–50 years and 50–65 years. Conclusion. The research shows that the work of volunteers and information materials about the effective use of street facilities contribute to a significant increase in the weekly PA of the residents of different age and gender.