bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASSESSMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK AND COMORBIDITY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Authors: Davinić Slobodan , Davinić Ivana , Tasić Ivan
Published: May 2019

High rates of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic diseases of the kidney are for the most part caused by the high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and high rates of fatal cardiovascular events. The aim of the study was to establish the prevalence and distribution of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with chronic kidney diseases, in various stages of chronic renal failure. The examinees were classified into three groups based on the level of glomerular filtration rate: over 60 ml/min/1.73m2; 30-59 ml/min/1.73m2; and 15-29 ml/ min/1.73m2. Traditional risk factors of age, hypertension, systolic blood pressure, glycemia, diabetes, serum level of total cholesterol and triglycerides, triglyceridemia, and hypertrophy  of the left ventricle showed a significantly positive rising trend of their mean values or prevalence, inversely dependent upon the level of declining glomerular filtration rates. Mean values of serum HDL cholesterol level demonstrated a significant declining trend, concomitant with decreasing glomerular filtration rate. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemy, smoking and obesity, as well as the mean value of body mass index, showed significant intergroup variations, but without any continuing trend related to glomerular filtration rate. Non-traditional risk factors of anemia, proteinuria, and hypoalbuminemia showed a significant rising trend of prevalence inversely dependent upon the degree of reduction of glomerular filtration rate. The levels of hematocrit and serum albumins showed a positive correlation with the reduction of glomerular filtration rate. In pre-dialysis patients with chronic kidney diseases, a high prevalence of the studied cardiovascular risk factors was found. Cardiovascular risk progressively rises with decreasing glomerular filtration rate, being significantly elevated as early as the initial stages of renal failure.
ADVANCED LYPOSARCOMA MYXOIDES OF THE EXTREMITY
Authors: Petrovic Milan , Jeremic Ljiljana , Radojkovic Milan , Pejcic Ivica , Djordjevic Ivona , Markovic Milica , Stojanovic Jelena
Published: May 2019

Sarcomas are soft tissue tumors arising from primitive mesenchyme. Small incidence (4-5/100 000 in Europe) is the reason their pathogenesis is relatively unknown. Patient (38) complained of a growth on the upper part of right thigh, the size of a child’s head. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan was done and tumefaction was described: oval shape, 13.5 x 7.5 x 11cm in diameter, without infiltration of surrounding tissue. The tumor was surgically removed and was pathohistologically verified as low grade liposarcoma myxoides. After initial presentation the patient presented a series of recurrences and metastases in the abdominal wall, extremities and  liver. Soft tissue metastasis from the lower extremities to the liver occur in 0.5% of cases and they are usually small and multiple, as in the presented patient. The European Sarcoma Medical Oncologist’s guide recommends that every  extremity tumor larger than 5cm and suspicious of malignancy should be evaluated using biopsy and imaging methods. A biopsy should be done before excision under ultrasound or computerized tomography (CT) guidance with the goal of planning the best therapy protocol and prevention of a generalized disease with metastases. The recommended imaging method is an MRI scan, although sarcomas can have a benign presentation.  Standard therapy includes surgical resection with local radiotherapy.  Liposarcoma myxoides, a rare soft tissue tumor, demands biopsy and complete surgical removal with detailed and continuous postoperative imaging follow-up and oncological therapy. The therapeutic goal is to increase survival and preserve extremity function.
ONE-YEAR CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOME IN PATIENTS ON CLOPIDOGREL ANTI-PLATELET THERAPY AFTER ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Stokanovic Dragana , Nikolic Valentina N. , Lilic Jelena , Apostolovic Svetlana R. , Pavlovic Milan , Zivkovic Vladimir S. , Milenkovic Dusan , Krtinic Dane , Nedin-Rankovic Gorana , Jevtovic-Stoimenov Tatjana
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors in patients on clopidogrel anti-platelet therapy after acute myocardial infarction, for cardiovascular mortality, re-hospitalization and admission to emergency care unit. We followed 175 patients on dual antiplatelet therapy, with clopidogrel and acetylsalicylic acid, for 1 year after acute myocardial infarction, both STEMI and NSTEMI. Beside demographic and clinical characteristics, genetic ABCB1, CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 profile was analyzed using Cox-regression analysis. End-points used were: mortality, re-hospitalization and emergency care visits, all related to cardiovascular system. During the accrual and follow-up period, 8 patients (4.6%) died, mostly as a direct consequence of an acute myocardial infarction. Re-hospitalization was needed in 27 patients (15.4%), in nine patients (33.3%) with the diagnosis of re-infarction. Thirty-two patients (18.3%) were admitted to emergency care unit due to cardiovascular causes, up to 15 times during the follow-up. NSTEMI was an independent predictor of all three events registered (mortality OR=7.4, p<0.05; re-hospitalization OR=2.8, p<0.05); emergency care visit OR=2.4, p<0.05). Other significant predictors were related to kidney function (urea and creatinine level, creatinine clearance), co-morbidities such as arterial hypertension and decreased left ventricular ejection fraction, as well as clopidogrel dosing regimen. As a conclusion, it may be suggested that one of the most significant predictors of cardiovascular events (mortality, re-hospitalization and emergency care visits) is NSTEMI. Besides, clopidogrel administration according to up-to-date guidelines, with high loading doses and initial doubled maintenance doses, improves 1-year prognosis in patients with AMI.
THE APPLICATION OF STIMULATOR IN THE TREATMENT OF CLEFT LIP AND PALATE IN GOLDENHAR SYNDROME, TRISOMY 13 AND LOBAR HOLOPROSENCEPHALY WITH A MEDIAN CLEFT LIP
Authors: Radojičić Julija
Published: May 2019

The clinical picture of a newborn with a syndromic cleft lip and palate is severe. The orthodontic and surgical treatment of cleft is complex and long-term. It is further complicated by various birth defects which can be life-threatening for a newborn or can make the therapy itself more difficult. The induction of a newborn into total anesthesia with a view to performing the surgery of a cleft is often made difficult or time-limited. This paper presents pre-surgical orthodontic therapy in newborns with three severe types of cleft, UCLP, BCLP and premaxillary agenesis with median cleft lip which occurred within three rare syndromes Goldenhar syndome, lobar holoprosencephaly with a median cleft lip and trisomy 13 (47XX+13). Pre-surgical orthodontic therapy was conducted by means of RBJ stimulators without extra oral fixation, whose construction was conditioned by the type of cleft. With active treatment of RBJ stimulators, the cleft area in all three types of cleft was significantly reduced, as well as the protrusion of the premaxilla in BCLP. By directing the growth of cleft segments of newborn’s upper jaw, the most approximate shape to a healthy newborn’s jaw shape is achieved. All three types of described stimulators used in the therapy of syndromic cleft lip and palate enabled primarily the feeding of newborns, and thus their survival. With their orthopedic treatment they created optimal conditions for successful performing of surgical care of syndromic cleft lip and palate.
CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT FOR ANAL FISSURE – FOR HOW LONG? – REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE AND PERSONAL EXPERIENCE
Authors: Șurlin Valeriu , Scurtu Sorin
Published: May 2019

Anal fissure (AF) is a common proctologic disease and health problem, with potential for chronicity, causing the patient a debilitating suffering. The pathogenesis, in most of the cases consists in a vicious circle of pain-internal anal sphincter (IAS) spasm-decrease blood irrigation of mucosa-delay of healing. Treatment should aim to break this mechanism by cutting or relaxing the IAS and restoring adequate blood flow to promote healing. If anal stretch is becoming history, surgical sphincterotomy has the highest rate of healing and the least percentage of recurrence, but incontinence for flatus and stool may occur so “medical or “chemical” sphincterotomy using calcium channel blockers (CCB), nitric oxide donors, botulinum toxin injection are used with success rates from 50% to over 90%, also in combination with other conservative measures like warm sitz baths, stool softeners, high fiber and more liquid daily ingestion. All of those therapeutic measures are also stated in current guidelines. The question we tried to answer in this paper is for how long we can prolong the conservative, non-operative treatment in AF. Based upon literature research and our personal experience we may state that the earlier institution of medical specific treatment (CCB, nitric oxide donors, botulinum toxin) has more chances to heal the patient and avoid surgery. Success is also dependent on the good communication with the patient, detailed explanation of the purpose of the treatment, how to assess himself the evolution, and employ botulinum toxin earlier if patient is less compliant to topic treatment. Conservative non-operative management should be pushed as long as it is correctly applied and progression is made both from subjective and objective point of view and patient is compliant and content.
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF ADVANCED GASTRIC CANCER
Authors: Ignjatović Nebojša , Stanojević Goran , Stojanović Miroslav , Jeremić Ljiljana , Nestorović Milica , Brzački Vesna , Benedeto Stojanov Daniela , Djordjević Miodrag , Marinković Mirjana
Published: May 2019

Patients with advanced gastric cancer generally have poor overall prognosis as well as survival rate. Unfortunately, in the West, gastric cancer typically occurs at an advanced stage and many of these patients have tumor invasion into adjacent structures (International Union Against Cancer [UICC]/American Joint Committee on Cancer [AJCC] Stage T4). Although T4 gastric cancer patients often have peritoneal dissemination or distant metastasis, many do not have M1 disease and are therefore candidates for surgery with the curative intent. A multivisceral resection (MVR) or gastrectomy with resection of adjacent organs is needed in T4 gastric cancer patients to achieve an R0 resection that is one of the most powerful forecasters of gastric cancer surgery results. Spleen, distal pancreas, liver, and large intestine (mostly transverse colon) were the most commonly resected organs. The therapeutic choice with acceptable postoperative morbidity and mortality rates in locally advanced patients with gastric cancer should be gastrectomy with MVR, where complete resection could be realistically obtained and where metastatic involvement of the lymph node is not evident. MVR is done with a curative R0 resection to provide advanced gastric cancer patients with the best survival chance. It was found that resections involving the pancreas, transverse colon and liver were associated with increased survival rate in comparison to MVR with resection of other structures. It was shown that survival rate significantly decreased in patients who had undergone MVR without complete resection compared to those who had an R0 resection. Nevertheless, the extent of the surgical resection required and further advantages of MVR are disputable.
FISTULOTOMY FOR THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PERIANAL FISTULA OF CRYPTOGLANDULAR ORIGIN
Authors: Xynos Evangelos
Published: May 2019

Perianal fistula usually results from a non-specific infection of the cryptic glands located at the anal dentate line. Identification of the exact course of a perianal fistula and the extent of anal sphincteric complex involvement are of paramount importance, in order to design the therapeutic and interventional approach and achieve the best results without impairment of the anorectal function. Several interventional methods are in use for the surgical treatment of CPF, including fistulotomy, insertion of cutting “seton”, core fistulectomy, ligation of the intersphincteric fistulous track (LIFT), rectal advancement flap, injection of fibrin glue at the fistulous track, insertion of fistulous plug, and obliteration of the fistulous track with the use of Laser. In clinical practice a combination of the aforementioned methods can be used, in particular for the complex-high or recurrent fistulae.
PERINEAL HERNIA AFTER ABDOMINOPERINEAL LAPAROSCOPIC RESECTION – CASE REPORT
Authors: Pecić Vanja , Nestorović Milica , Nestorović Milica , Pešić Ivan , Pešić Ivan , Mihajlović Dragan , Mihajlović Dragan , Jeremić Ljiljana , Jeremić Ljiljana , Gmijović Marko , Gmijović Marko , Petrović Dejan , Petrović Dejan , Branković Branko , Branković Branko
Published: May 2019

A perineal hernia can severely affect everyday activities. We represent a case of a sixty-five-year-old with perineal hernia after abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer. Bulging in the perineum appeared 24 months following operation with uneventful postoperative course. She felt pain and difficulty while sitting. At physical examination the defect in perineum was approximately 3x3 cm. After cancer recurrence had been excluded, hernioplasty was planned. A 10x15 cm composite mesh was used for pelvic floor reconstruction. The mesh was sutured through urogenital diaphragm. Postoperative course was uneventful. Three years after surgery, there was no recurrence of cancer or hernia. Repair of perineal hernia is challenging, with limitation regarding guidelines in literature.
Pengaruh Profitabilitas terhadap Manajemen Laba
Authors: Lestari Kurnia Cahya , Wulandari S. Oky
Published: May 2019

Financial report produce information that can be used for decision made by internal such as management and employees and external such as investor, creditors and the government. However, sometimes users of financial statements are often concerned on earnings information without keep attention to the procedures used to make company profit information . This causes management to take earnings management actions. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of profitability (Return on Asset – ROA, Return on Equity – ROE and Net Profit Margin – NPM) on earnings management in banking companies listed on Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). The sample used in this research is 23 banking companies listed on Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) within 2 years starting from 2016-2017. The research result shows that Return on Asset – ROA and Return on Equity – ROE has a significant positive effect on earning management, and Net Profit Margin – NPM does not have a significant effect on earnings management.
Pengaruh Keputusan Pendanaan, dan Kebijakan Dividen Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Dengan Kualitas Laba Sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi
Authors: Jannah Wardatul
Published: May 2019

This research aims to know the influence of the dividend policy and funding decisions against the value of the company as well as an influence after the interaction of variable moderation that is the quality of the earnings. Types and sources of data obtained from the financial reports of the company property, real estate, and building construction 2016-2017 year published or to be published on the official website BEI ww.idx.co.id. Engineering data collection is done by the study of librarianship and documentation methods. Technique analysis on the research is conducting a classical assumption before multiple regression test was performed, and performed two model regression testing, i.e. the residual test and model test of interaction (MRA). Based on the results of the research, the author can provide a conclusion that funding decisions take effect against the value of the company, while the dividend policy has no effect against the value of the company. Results after the variable moderation that is giving interaction strengthen the relationship between the dependent variable independent variable.
Modern organizational structures, and the possibility of their adaptation in the ﬁeld of public administration
Authors: Lylova E V
Published: May 2019

The article is devoted to the review of modern types of organizational structures through the prism of their practical application by both commercial structures and public administration bodies. Modern types of organizational structures provide great opportunities to achieve the goals of diﬀerent levels. In general, the trend of development of organizational structures is reduced to the predominance of a set of highly organized teams on the principle of horizontal management as opposed to the hierarchy of mechanistic organizational structures. The author emphasizes that there is no single correct, the most ideal type of organizational structure suitable for all organizations, regardless of production or service technology, organizational and legal form, strategy and operating conditions. First of all, for modern organizations it is important to adapt to the changing factors of the environment and the choice of the optimal organizational structure, taking into account the speciﬁcs of the activity. The requirements of the citizens to the quality of services and management functions are changing, the requirements of the world community to the implementation of public administration are also constantly growing - all this makes changes in the structure of public administration. This article attempts to explore the possibility of adapting new types of structures in the ﬁeld of public administration, which is committed to the concept of Good Governance.
Myxedema Coma in a Hypothermic, Obtunded Patient with Post-renal Acute Kidney Injury and Bacteremia in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Franco Lopez Hernan Dario , Sharif Sameer , Centofanti John
Published: May 2019

We present a case of a hypothermic, unconscious patient transferred to our Intensive Care Unit with sepsis requiring mechanical ventilation. The absence of any known past medical history as well as concurrent obstructive uropathy and bacteremia made initial diagnosis challenging. He was eventually found to be in myxedema coma in light of evolving signs and laboratory investigations. This case emphasizes the need to consider myxedema coma in the differential diagnosis of profound hypothermia, especially when other clinical signs and symptoms may obscure its initial diagnosis, and lead clinicians to focus on the triggering event in isolation rather than concurrently managing hypothyroidism. This case highlights a challenging presentation of an uncommon, but life-threatening condition. We discuss the signs and symptoms present in the hypothyroid patient with myxedema coma; emphasize the pathophysiology of myxedema coma as well as the evidence-based acute management of this condition.
A Case of Fatal Sepsis from Dog Exposure in a Young Stem Cell Transplant Patient
Authors: Park Casey , Oczkowski Simon , Shroff Anjali
Published: May 2019

Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a fastidious, slow growing (up to 10 days), capnophillic gram-negative rod. It is most commonly associated with zoonotic exposure, particularly dog and cat bites. There is a growing body of literature for the recognition of septic shock caused by Capnocytophagia canimorsus in at-risk populations, including those with asplenia as well as current or previous hematologic malignancy. This is a case of a young man in remission from a hematologic malignancy, complicated by graft versus host disease, presenting many years later in fatal septic shock due to Capnocytophagia canimorsus infection.
Health Promotion Heroes: Dr Thomas Brothers
Authors: Govig Bert
Published: May 2019

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FINAL YEAR MEDICAL STUDENTSâ€™ KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF MEDICO-LEGAL PROBLEMS: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY AT IBN SINA NATIONAL COLLEGE IN JEDDAH
Authors: KAMAL ZAKI MAMDOUH , M ESTANBOLI HANEEN , ALDUHAILIB HASSAN , A BOSSI ASSEL , SULTAN INTESSAR
Published: May 2019

Forensic medicine encompasses various subspecialties that involve resolving legal issues using diverse techniques. Medical students should be prepared for their near future career, in particular, the challenge of facing medico-legal cases with their consequent legal responsibilities. The aim of the study was to assess final year medical studentsâ€™ knowledge, attitude and practice of medico-legal problems. This crosssectional study included randomly selected 138 6th year medical students at Ibn Sina National College in Jeddah. 56 (40.6%) were male and 82 (59.4%) were female, aged 24.46Â±1.45 years, and 114 (82.6%) were Saudis. A pre-designed, self-answered 23-item questionnaire in English was devised by a specialist in the field and circulated though Survey-Monkey forms from November 2018 to January 2019. Most students had good knowledge (66.27%) and positive attitude (71.47%). Some had poor (14.49%) or no knowledge (19.24%), negative (15.67%), or borderline attitude (14.31%). Poor responses were the legal value of incomplete reports (28.99%), notifications of relatives before police notification (15.94%) and informed consent before photographing (21.74%). Many students (44%) had negative attitude towards their current medico-legal overall education and knowledge. Only 14.5% had been previously involved in photographic documentation. Students thought that the main sources of stress/pressure during managing medico-legal problems were the victimâ€™s relatives (69.79%), followed by fear of legal consequences (54.17%). They also thought that the best educational stage for medico-legal training programs should be during undergraduate years (57.25%), or less frequently during residency (55.8%) or post-graduate years (46.38%). In conclusion, final year medical students were prepared for their future practice by good knowledge and positive attitude towards medico-legal problems. However, many gaps were detected between theory and practice. Therefore, we recommend medical colleges to initiate an undergraduate clinical forensic medicine training program. Moreover, residents and post graduate emergency physicians need to know their medico-legal responsibilities and to acquire technical skills to perform forensic evaluations of victims.
INCIDENCE OF POSTPARTUM ANEMIA AMONG POSTPARTUM PATIENTS IN EAST JEDDAH HOSPITAL
Authors: MATTAR GHADEER , ALSAHAFI NADA , BAYADER SHAMI  , ABULKHAIR SUMYAH , ALHAZMI NADIA , ALSALEH REHAB
Published: May 2019

Postpartum anemia (PPA) is an important health problem affecting women at Saudi Arabia, which increase the risk of maternal mortality and morbidity. There are many risk factors which can affect the incidence of postpartum anemia. In our study we shed the light on the incidence and the risk factors associated with this among patients who delivers in EJH. This study is retrospective cohort study for patients delivered at EJH from first of January 2018 to 30 of June 2018. The total number of cases is 1252, who had complete data and others were excluded. However, during the analysis, we just analyzed 250 cases. In our study, we selected definition of PPA is having Hb < 10 g/dl on day 1 after delivery. Our study showed that incidence of PPA is round 60% which is high in comparison with international figure (22-45 %). These findings shed the light on the urgent need to keep PPA monitor to adjust current strategies to control risk factors associated with PPA. There was a significant correlation between postpartum anemia and blood transfusion. Preterm gestational age, cesarean delivery, antenatal anemia were significant independent risk factors for postpartum anemia. It was found that postpartum anemia (PPA) was higher among those delivered through cesarean delivery and low among those delivered through vaginal route. So, we recommended to increase the patient awareness about risks associated with cesarean delivery and to have sufficient control on cesarean delivery by request. Antenatal anemia was significant risk factor for PPA. It might be due to poor nutritional quality of mothers and poor intake of iron therapy. PPA was less associated with postpartum complications as all of these complications due to vaginal deliveries and all cases who needed blood transfusion were diagnosed with postpartum anemia
Making a Rhombicosidodecahedron: Mathematical Thinking Revisited
Authors: ÇEZIKTÜRK ÖZLEM , İNCE SINEM , YALIM GÜLAY , KARADENIZ KÜBRA , KENAR ZÜLAL
Published: May 2019

A rhombicosidodecahedron (an Archimedean solid with 30 square, 20 triangles, and 12 pentagon faces) was redeemed from 60 pieces by modular origami. This study used a qualitative research case study as it asked about how participants experienced this construction process of rhombicosidodecahedron. Preservice primary mathematics teachers from a mathematics and art course were participants of the study.  Additionally, one student; the first student who came out with the totally symmetric and no damaged object was interviewed for the assembly process. Mathematical thinking throughout the process was noted. Student brought her/his previous experiences as much as specific aptıtudes. Student took this project as a creative writing piece so that the process gone through similar phases as intro, progress, and artifact. Deformations and sinking occurred but student investigated the specifics of the real mathematical object did it without a fault. To deal with problems occurred in the phases; students used a creative insight as using paperclips to attach modules and assembly of half spheres. Two main processes; organizational and structural took place in the creative model formation and assembly. Suggestions and future studies are also discussed.
Relative abundance and activity patterns of terrestrial mammals in Pacuare Nature Reserve, Costa Rica
Authors: Arroyo-Arce Stephanny , Thomson Ian , Fernandez Carlos , Salom-Perez Roberto
Published: May 2019

Located in Costa Rica, Pacuare Nature Reserve has a long established history of wildlife monitoring programs primarily focused on species of nesting marine turtles and the Agami herons (Agamia agami) found within the reserve. Our research represents the first as­sessment on the local terrestrial mammal populations. Data was col­lected by using seven camera trap stations distributed within the boundaries of the reserve. From April 2015 to March 2016, and after a total of 1 643 camera trap nights, we were able to identify 11 terres­trial mammalian species distributed in six orders and nine families. The most abundant species was the common opossum (Didelphis marsu­pialis), followed by the ocelot (Leopardus pardalis). A noticeably ab­sent species, otherwise common throughout the area, was the Central American agouti (Dasyprocta punctata). Our results are similar to those from other protected areas in the Northeastern Caribbean coast of Costa Rica.
Comparación de tres métodos de infiltración utilizados para el cálculo del balance hídrico del suelo, en la Cuenca del río Suquiapa, El Salvador
Authors: Alvarado Batres Cesar , Barahona-Palomo Marco
Published: May 2019

La infiltración del agua en el suelo juega un papel fundamental en el ciclo hidrológico. Dependiendo de las condiciones geológicas, puede permanecer en el suelo en forma de humedad; escurrir como flujo subsuperficial y aflorar como una naciente efímera; o recargar el acuífero, entre otros. Aquí presentamos una comparación de los valores de la recarga potencial para una misma cuenca, con tres métodos de infiltración comúnmente utilizados in situ: doble anillo, Porchet y permeámetro de Guelph. Observamos una correlación buena (r2=0,74) entre los valores obtenidos por medio del método del doble anillo y el permeámetro de Guelph; la correlación entre el método de Porchet y estos otros dos métodos es mala (r2 inferior a 0,02).Los valores de recarga obtenidos muestran que no hay una variación significativa entre estos métodos de infiltración, obteniendo resultados dentro del intervalo de confianza
Diversity, intensity and prevalence of parasites of cichlids in polluted and unpolluted sections of Eleyele Dam, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Authors: Simon-Oke I.A.
Published: May 2019

This study aimed to investigate the diversity, intensity and prevalence of parasites in Cichlids. A total of 354 specimens of cichlids was sampled in polluted and unpolluted ends of Eleyele River, Ibadan, Nigeria and examined for parasites. The total prevalence was 57.34%. Recovered parasites were Clinostomum tilapiae, Euclinostomum heterostomum, Neascus, Allocreadium ghanensis, Phagicola longa, Alloglossidium corti and the acanthocephalan; Acanthogyrus tilapiae and Acanthella. Clinostomum tilapiae had higher prevalence and abundance (42.90%) with Allocreadium corti recording least abundance (0.49%). Tilapia zilli was the most abundant (41.53%) among the fish hosts but Oreochromis niloticus harboured the highest percentage of parasites (80.00%). The fish hosts in the polluted end of the river harboured the highest percentage of parasites (71.18%) against (43.50%) parasites recovered from the unpolluted end. There was a significant difference in the parasites harboured. Heavy infection with a broad number of parasites in fish hosts could reduce performance and productivity of the species, especially in fish farming.
Estructura poblacional de ocho especies maderables amenazadas en el departamento del Chocó-Colombia
Authors: Palacios Tello Luz Yorleida , Perea Pandales Keiler , Bellido Danilza Marcela , Caicedo Haylin Yineth , Abadia Bonilla Deivis
Published: May 2019

Este estudio se realizó con el objetivo de evaluar la estructura poblacional y el estado actual de 8 especies maderables para el Chocó, donde se estableció una parcela de 50x50, donde se registraron en forma de zig zag todos los individuos con DAP≥10cm (adultos). A partir del árbol madre se midieron 15m de radio (707m2) donde se instaló una parcela circular en la cual se registraron todos los individuos mayores a 1.3 m de altura y menores a 10cm de DAP (jóvenes); siguiendo las diagonales de la primera parcela se trazaron 12 parcelas de 2m (4m2) donde se registraron todos los individuos con altura entre 0.3 y 1.30m. A nivel de especie se registraron a Hymenaea oblogifolia y Dipterix oleífera con los valores más altos de densidad, se encontró una densidad total de 19,8 ind/ha. La mayoría de los individuos se ubicaron en la clase diametrica de 30,1-40; para la clase de altura se encontró una forma de J invertida asegurado la sostenibilidad de las especies.
Cambios en la estructura poblacional del caimán, Caiman crocodilus (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae) y su posible relación con el cambio climático, en Caño Negro, Costa Rica
Authors: Aranda-Coello J Manuel
Published: May 2019

El caimán, Caiman crocodilus, es importante ecológica y económicamente en algunas áreas de Latinoamérica. En Costa Rica no es abundante y existe poca información de su población. Lo estudié en el Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Caño Negro, Costa Rica por medio de la recopilación y comparación de estudios previos y la incorporación de información reciente. Realicé recorridos nocturnos en bote con una lámpara de 2 millones de lúmenes (espectro de luz de 400m) y capturé manualmente individuos por debajo de los 60cm de longitud. Para indi­viduos más grandes ó de difícil acceso, usé lazos tipo Thompson y pér­tigas de 2m de largo con una soga insertada, y capturé 180 caimanes. La mayoría eran subadultos y la proporción hembras/machos fue de 1:12, inusualmente alto para la especies y probablemente a causa de las condiciones ambientales. Los efectos del calentamiento global podrían alterar la proporción de sexos y la estructura reproductiva del caimán.
Effects of fishing and natural parameters on big eye kilka Clupeonella grimmi (Clupeiformes: Clupeidae) population in southern waters of the Caspian Sea
Authors: Aliasghari Mehrdad
Published: May 2019

The present study aimed to investigate the changes of bigeye kilka Clupeonella grimmi population caused by human and natural factors in southern waters of the Caspian Sea. This study was conducted in 2009 and 2010 during which Length, weight and age were studied. The annual survival rate, natural and fishing mortality in 2009 were estimated 0.305 yr-1, 0.448 yr-1 and 0.736 yr-1, and in 2010 were 0.309 yr-1, 0.419 yr-1 and 0.775 yr-1, respectively. Accordingly, total mortality in 2009 and 2010 was 1.184 yr-1 and 1.174 yr-1 and the exploitation rate was calculated 0.621 and 0.660, respectively. Bigeye kilka appropriated 4.5% and 4.2% of total kilka catch in Mazandaran Province in 2009 and 2010, respectively. Results showed that bigeye kilka catch amount has decreased and its population is under over-fishing and natural pressure.
Farm records in investigation of epidemiology, symptomatology and causes of clinical mastitis in a dairy farm
Authors: Haracic Dino , Seric-Haracic Sabina , Saljic Ermin , Fejzic Nihad
Published: May 2019

Mastitis is one of the most important diseases in dairy cow farms and one of
the most common cause for antibiotic treatment. Aims of this study were: to
investigate frequency and trends of clinical mastitis in cows on a large
dairy farm, describe clinical characteristics of mastitis and investigate
causative infectious agents in selected cases alongside antimicrobial
resistance. In our study we used farm records for clinical mastitis
recorded for period 2016 and 2017. We also used results of the regular on
farm testing of the somatic cell count for 2017. Samples of milk from all
clinical mastitis cases were taken during November and December 2017 in
order to investigate causative agents and their antimicrobial resistance.
Occurrence of clinical mastitis was 205 cases (47.7%) in 2017 compared to 93
cases (29.7%) recorded in 2016. In 2017 reoccurrence of clinical mastitis in
same animal was recorded for 93 cows (45.4%). In 2016 reoccurrence of
clinical mastitis in same animal was recoded for 49 cows (29.7%). Average
course of clinical mastitis in 2016 was 3 days, while in 2017 4.5 days
(continuous days of recording a case in farm records). Somatic cell count in
more than half of tested animals was higher than 200.000 SC/ml according to
the measurements from February and July 2017 (number of cows tested 236 and
169, respectively). Out of 23 milk samples, 20 had bacteriological growth.
In 9 samples we identified S.aureus, in 6 streptococcus spp., in 4 coagulase
negative staphylococci (CNS) and one sample contained E.coli. Most common
resistance was found for lincomycin-spectinomycin (100%) gentamicin (92%),
followed by cefquinome (65%), linkomycin (53%) and erythromycin (47%).
Isolates of S.aureus were resistant on the largest number of investigated
antibiotics.
Changes in Internal Control Disclosure and Analyst Forecasts Around Mandatory Disclosure Required by the China SOX
Authors: Ji Xudong , Lu Wei , Qu Wen , Richardson Vernon J.
Published: May 2019

SYNOPSIS

Beginning January 1, 2012, all publicly listed firms in China are required, under the Basic Standard of Enterprise Internal Control (China SOX), to provide an internal control report (ICR). Prior to that, many firms had elected to voluntarily comply with this regulation. We examine the change in internal control disclosure regimes and its impact on the properties of analyst earnings forecasts. We compare the quantity and severity of ICWs disclosed under voluntary versus mandatory regimes, and find evidence suggesting that the disclosure of more serious ICWs increases when ICW disclosures become mandatory. We then investigate the effect of ICW disclosures on analyst forecast error and dispersion. We find that measures of ICWs are negatively associated with desirable properties of analyst earnings forecasts. We also find a less positive association between ICW disclosures and forecast error and dispersion in the mandatory regime.

JEL Classifications: G34; G38; M41.
Applying Deep Learning to Audit Procedures: An Illustrative Framework
Authors: Sun Ting (Sophia)
Published: May 2019

SYNOPSIS

This paper aims to promote the application of deep learning to audit procedures by illustrating how the capabilities of deep learning for text understanding, speech recognition, visual recognition, and structured data analysis fit into the audit environment. Based on these four capabilities, deep learning serves two major functions in supporting audit decision making: information identification and judgment support. The paper proposes a framework for applying these two deep learning functions to a variety of audit procedures in different audit phases. An audit data warehouse of historical data can be used to construct prediction models, providing suggested actions for various audit procedures. The data warehouse will be updated and enriched with new data instances through the application of deep learning and a human auditor's corrections. Finally, the paper discusses the challenges faced by the accounting profession, regulators, and educators when it comes to applying deep learning.
Skeletal Muscle–Specific Activation of Gq Signaling Maintains Glucose Homeostasis
Authors: Bone Derek B.J. , Meister Jaroslawna , Knudsen Jonas R. , Dattaroy Diptadip , Cohen Amanda , Lee Regina , Lu Huiyan , Metzger Daniel , Jensen Thomas E. , Wess Jürgen
Published: May 2019

Skeletal muscle (SKM) insulin resistance plays a central role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Because G-protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent excellent drug targets, we hypothesized that activation of specific functional classes of SKM GPCRs might lead to improved glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetes. At present, little is known about the in vivo metabolic roles of the various distinct GPCR signaling pathways operative in SKM. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that selective activation of SKM Gq signaling can improve SKM glucose uptake and whole-body glucose homeostasis under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Studies with transgenic mice expressing a Gq-linked designer GPCR selectively in SKM cells demonstrated that receptor-mediated activation of SKM Gq signaling greatly promoted glucose uptake into SKM and significantly improved glucose homeostasis in obese, glucose-intolerant mice. These beneficial metabolic effects required the activity of SKM AMPK. In contrast, obese mutant mice that lacked both Gαq and Gα11 selectively in SKM showed severe deficits in glucose homeostasis. Moreover, GPCR-mediated activation of Gq signaling also stimulated glucose uptake in primary human SKM cells. Taken together, these findings strongly suggest that agents capable of enhancing SKM Gq signaling may prove useful as novel antidiabetic drugs.
β-Cell Fate in Human Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes: A Perspective on Islet Plasticity
Authors: Mezza Teresa , Cinti Francesca , Cefalo Chiara Maria Assunta , Pontecorvi Alfredo , Kulkarni Rohit N. , Giaccari Andrea
Published: May 2019

Although it is well established that type 2 diabetes (T2D) is generally due to the progressive loss of β-cell insulin secretion against a background of insulin resistance, the actual correlation of reduced β-cell mass to its defective function continues to be debated. There is evidence that a compensatory increase in β-cell mass, and the consequent insulin secretion, can effectively cope with states of insulin resistance, until hyperglycemia supervenes. Recent data strongly indicate that the mechanisms by which islets are able to compensate in response to insulin resistance in peripheral tissues is secondary to hyperplasia, as well as the activation of multiple cellular machineries with diverse functions. Importantly, islet cells exhibit plasticity in altering their endocrine commitment; for example, by switching from secretion of glucagon to secretion of insulin and back (transdifferentiation) or from an active secretory state to a nonsecretory quiescent state (dedifferentiation) and back. Lineage tracing (a method used to track each cell though its differentiation process) has demonstrated these potentials in murine models. A limitation to drawing conclusions from human islet research is that most studies are derived from human autopsy and/or organ donor samples, which lack in vivo functional and metabolic profiling. In this review, we specifically focus on evidence of islet plasticity in humans—from the normal state, progressing to insulin resistance to overt T2D—to explain the seemingly contradictory results from different cross-sectional studies in the literature. We hope the discussion on this intriguing scenario will provide a forum for the scientific community to better understand the disease and in the long term pave the way for personalized therapies.
T-Cell–Specific PTPN2 Deficiency in NOD Mice Accelerates the Development of Type 1 Diabetes and Autoimmune Comorbidities
Authors: Wiede Florian , Brodnicki Thomas C. , Goh Pei Kee , Leong Yew A. , Jones Gareth W. , Yu Di , Baxter Alan G. , Jones Simon A. , Kay Thomas W.H. , Tiganis Tony
Published: May 2019

Genome-wide association studies have identified PTPN2 as an important non-MHC gene for autoimmunity. Single nucleotide polymorphisms that reduce PTPN2 expression have been linked with the development of various autoimmune disorders, including type 1 diabetes. The tyrosine phosphatase PTPN2 attenuates T-cell receptor and cytokine signaling in T cells to maintain peripheral tolerance, but the extent to which PTPN2 deficiency in T cells might influence type 1 diabetes onset remains unclear. NOD mice develop spontaneous autoimmune type 1 diabetes similar to that seen in humans. In this study, T-cell PTPN2 deficiency in NOD mice markedly accelerated the onset and increased the incidence of type 1 diabetes as well as that of other disorders, including colitis and Sjögren syndrome. Although PTPN2 deficiency in CD8+ T cells alone was able to drive the destruction of pancreatic β-cells and the onset of diabetes, T-cell–specific PTPN2 deficiency was also accompanied by increased CD4+ T-helper type 1 differentiation and T-follicular-helper cell polarization and increased the abundance of B cells in pancreatic islets as seen in human type 1 diabetes. These findings causally link PTPN2 deficiency in T cells with the development of type 1 diabetes and associated autoimmune comorbidities.
The cGAS-cGAMP-STING Pathway: A Molecular Link Between Immunity and Metabolism
Authors: Bai Juli , Liu Feng
Published: May 2019

It has been appreciated for many years that there is a strong association between metabolism and immunity in advanced metazoan organisms. Distinct immune signatures and signaling pathways have been found not only in immune but also in metabolic cells. The newly discovered DNA-sensing cGAS-cGAMP-STING pathway mediates type I interferon inflammatory responses in immune cells to defend against viral and bacterial infections. Recent studies show that this pathway is also activated by host DNA aberrantly localized in the cytosol, contributing to increased sterile inflammation, insulin resistance, and the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Potential interactions of the cGAS-cGAMP-STING pathway with mTORC1 signaling, autophagy, and apoptosis have been reported, suggesting an important role of the cGAS-cGAMP-STING pathway in the networking and coordination of these important biological processes. However, the regulation, mechanism of action, and tissue-specific role of the cGAS-cGAMP-STING signaling pathway in metabolic disorders remain largely elusive. It is also unclear whether targeting this signaling pathway is effective for the prevention and treatment of obesity-induced metabolic diseases. Answers to these questions would provide new insights for developing effective therapeutic interventions for metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, NAFLD, and type 2 diabetes.
Diabetes Diagnosis and Control: Missed Opportunities to Improve Health
Authors: Cowie Catherine C.
Published: May 2019

Diabetes is a prevalent condition in the U.S. and worldwide, with expanding impact over time as it affects progressively younger ages as well as older ages as people live longer. Costs of diabetes to those affected and to society as a whole continue to increase. Costs are realized through daily treatment regimens throughout life to control glycemia and other risk factors for complications as diabetes progresses, diabetes complications and disability and their treatments, health care visits and hospitalization, and as indirect costs via lower quality of life and lost productivity. Diagnosing diabetes is key to affording the opportunity to treat diabetes, and diabetes control is key to reducing the risk of complications. Yet the magnitude of undiagnosed diabetes and poor control of diabetes is large. And just as certain subgroups of the population are affected disproportionately by diabetes and diabetes complications, so are they affected disproportionately by undiagnosed diabetes and poor control. This review addresses the epidemiology of undiagnosed diabetes and diabetes control, largely covering their magnitude, demographic variation, trends over time, and predictors. For diabetes control, it focuses on control of A1C, blood pressure, and lipid levels, although there are many other facets of diabetes control and preventive care that also could be examined. The review is based predominantly on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a U.S. health survey that includes both an interview and examination component that has been conducted continuously since 1999 and episodically for decades earlier. The interview elicits self-reported health responses pertaining to diabetes and other medical conditions and an examination that measures glycemic indicators, blood pressure, and lipids, which provide much of the material presented herein. Data from other studies are also presented and described.
Diabetes Care Editors’ Expert Forum 2018: Managing Big Data for Diabetes Research and Care
Authors: Riddle Matthew C. , Blonde Lawrence , Gerstein Hertzel C. , Gregg Edward W. , Holman Rury R. , Lachin John M. , Nichols Gregory A. , Turchin Alexander , Cefalu William T.
Published: May 2019

Technological progress in the past half century has greatly increased our ability to collect, store, and transmit vast quantities of information, giving rise to the term “big data.” This term refers to very large data sets that can be analyzed to identify patterns, trends, and associations. In medicine—including diabetes care and research—big data come from three main sources: electronic medical records (EMRs), surveys and registries, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs). These systems have evolved in different ways, each with strengths and limitations. EMRs continuously accumulate information about patients and make it readily accessible but are limited by missing data or data that are not quality assured. Because EMRs vary in structure and management, comparisons of data between health systems may be difficult. Registries and surveys provide data that are consistently collected and representative of broad populations but are limited in scope and may be updated only intermittently. RCT databases excel in the specificity, completeness, and accuracy of their data, but rarely include a fully representative sample of the general population. Also, they are costly to build and seldom maintained after a trial’s end. To consider these issues, and the challenges and opportunities they present, the editors of Diabetes Care convened a group of experts in management of diabetes-related data on 21 June 2018, in conjunction with the American Diabetes Association’s 78th Scientific Sessions in Orlando, FL. This article summarizes the discussion and conclusions of that forum, offering a vision of benefits that might be realized from prospectively designed and unified data-management systems to support the collective needs of clinical, surveillance, and research activities related to diabetes.