bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of infection during pregnancy on fetal development
Authors: Adams Waldorf Kristina M , McAdams Ryan M
Published: July 2013

Infection by bacteria, viruses, and parasites may lead to fetal death, organ injury, or limited sequelae depending on the pathogen. Here, we consider the role of infection during pregnancy in fetal development including placental development and function, which can lead to fetal growth restriction. The classical group of teratogenic pathogens is referred to as ‘TORCH’ (Toxoplasma gondii, others likeTreponema pallidum, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus) but should include a much broader group of pathogens including Parvovirus B19,Varicella zostervirus, andPlasmodium falciparumto name a few. In this review, we describe the influence of different infectionsin uteroon fetal development and the short- and long-term outcomes for the neonate. In some cases, the mechanisms used by these pathogens to disrupt fetal development are well known. Bacterial infection of the developing fetal lungs and brain begins with an inflammatory cascade resulting in cytokine injury and oxidative stress. For some pathogens likeP.falciparum, the mechanisms involve oxidative stress and apoptosis to disrupt placental and fetal growth. Anin uteroinfection may also affect the long-term health of the infant; in many cases, a viral infectionin uteroincreases the risk of developing type 1 diabetes in childhood. Understanding the varied mechanisms employed by these pathogens may enable therapies to attenuate changes in fetal development, decrease preterm birth, and improve survival.
Work‐related Stress and Urinary Catecholamines among Laboratory Technicians
Authors: Ghaddar Ali , Omar Kayan Hajj , Dokmak Maha , Kansour Nadine Abou , Jbara Zeina , Laham Sandy , Samaha Ali
Published: July 2013

Work‐related Stress and Urinary Catecholamines among Laboratory Technicians: Ali GHADDAR, et al. Observatory of Public Policies and Health, Center Bonmarche, Lebanon—

Objectives

Work‐related psychosocial hazards are associated with adverse health outcomes among workers. The association between psychosocial hazards and physiological health outcomes among laboratory technicians has not been studied previously. The objective of this study was to measure the association between work‐related psychosocial hazards and the level of urinary catecholamines of laboratory technicians.

Methods

The Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 125 workers in one community in Lebanon (response rate 73%) to measure psychosocial hazards. High‐pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to measure adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine in 24‐hour urine samples.

Results

Sensorial demands, insecurity at work, influence at work and low possibilities of development were particularly high among the workers. Linear regression analysis showed that sensorial and quantitative demands and low possibilities for development increased the levels of urinary catecholamines.

Discussion

the results suggest important policy implications for laboratory administrations regarding improvement of the exposure of workers to sensorial and quantitative demands and low possibilities for development as a way to improve worker health.
Expansion of higher education in Brazil: increase in the number of Undergraduate Nursing courses
Authors: Fernandes Josicélia Dumêt , Teixeira Giselle Alves da Silva , Silva Mary Gomes , Florêncio Raíssa Millena Silva , Silva Rosana Maria de Oliveira , Rosa Darci de Oliveira Santa
Published: July 2013

OBJECTIVE: This study analyzed the increase in the number of undergraduate nursing courses during the last two decades due to the expansion of higher education in Brazil. METHOD: A records-based research concerning the legal frameworks that have driven this movement and a quantitative research that described the increase in the number of professional nursing courses. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis (qualitative) and descriptive statistics (quantitative). RESULTS: the political-ideological argument present in the regulatory documents, which points out higher education as a possibility to change the current social scenario, has not been reflected in the professional nursing field. The expansion of nursing courses has been unfolding in a disorderly manner and is concentrated in the private sector, with geographical inequality in the distribution of these courses. CONCLUSION: There does not seem to be a concern with the local needs and with a connection among education, research and extension, which compromises the quality of the education provided to future nurses.
Association between moment of the undergraduate course and cardiovascular risk factors in university students
Authors: Gasparotto Guilherme da Silva , Gasparotto Lívia Pimenta Renó , Rossi Laila Miranda , Moreira Natália Boneti , Bontorin Maicon de Siqueira , Campos Wagner de
Published: July 2013

AIM: This study aimed to verify the association between moment of the undergraduate course and cardiovascular risk factors in a representative sample of university students Methods: A total of 1,599 university students (1,197 freshmen and 402 seniors) were investigated for the following risk factors: insufficient practice of physical activity, tobacco and alcohol consumption, poor eating habits, excess body weight, increased waist circumference and elevated arterial pressure. Information regarding the practice of physical activity were obtained using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) instrument, the behaviors using the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance, and the socio-environmental information using the methodology of the Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa (Brazilian Association of Research Companies). RESULTS: A significantly higher probability of presenting the following risk factors was verified among the senior students: insufficient practice of physical activity, smoked, consumed alcohol or drank alcohol in excess within the last thirty days. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that students closer to the end of the undergraduate course show a higher possibility of presenting some cardiovascular risk factors than those just entering the university environment. Therefore, prevention programs and health promotion during the undergraduate course should be investigated.
Prevalence of pre-frailty for the component of gait speed in older adults
Authors: Lenardt Maria Helena , Carneiro Nathalia Hammerschmidt Kolb , Betiolli Susanne Elero , Ribeiro Dâmarys Kohlbeck de Melo Neu , Wachholz Patrick Alexander
Published: July 2013

OBJECTIVE: to investigate pre-frailty and the factors associated with this condition, taking into account the measurements of the older adults' gait speed. METHOD: participants were selected by means of inclusion/exclusion criteria and a cognitive tracking test. The sample was calculated based on the estimation of populational proportion and made up of 195 older adults who were using a Primary Health-Care Center in Curitiba in the state of Paraná. Data was collected using a socio-demographic/clinical questionnaire and the gait speed test. RESULTS: pre-frailty for gait speed has moderate prevalence (27.3%), and is associated with the 60 - 69 years age range, a low level of schooling, not feeling oneself to be alone, using anti-hypertensives, having cardiovascular disease and being overweight. CONCLUSION: it is considered relevant to identify those older adults with pre-frailty, as this creates the possibility for immediate intervention with the aim of stabilizing the picture. There is a significant shortage of studies on the syndrome of frailty in Brazilian older adults, principally referring to components in isolation. Given that gerontological nursing is at an early stage regarding this issue, it is understood that the identification of the prevalence must be the key point of the research on the matter.
Nursing work at night in palliative oncology care
Authors: Silva Marcelle Miranda da , Moreira Marleá Chagas , Leite Joséte Luzia , Erdmann Alacoque Lorenzini
Published: July 2013

OBJECTIVE: to understand the meaning baccalaureate nurses and nursing technicians attribute to night work in the context of clinical palliative oncology nursing care services, as well as how nursing works to attend to clients and caregivers' needs in this period. METHOD: in this exploratory and qualitative study, grounded theory was used. Seven nurses and four nursing technicians were interviewed, who composed two sample groups. Nine categories were produced and, in their comparative content analysis, a knowledge emphasis was evidenced with implications for nighttime nursing work. In this study, these aspects were discussed in two of the categories, which are: to describe care practice in order to understand nursing care management and to point out the difficulties in care practice and nursing care management. RESULTS: The results evidence the complexity in the nighttime care context, considering the clients' clinical conditions and clients and caregivers' psychological demands, mainly because of the threat of death. CONCLUSION: The team attempts to respond to these needs through communication, but reveals a lack of assistential services and an overload. Interdisciplinarity is a palliative care premise, favoring holistic care delivery, and cannot be neglected at, which requires attention and investment to develop better practices.
Warmed intravenous infusion for controlling intraoperative hypothermia
Authors: Mattia Ana Lúcia De , Barbosa Maria Helena , Freitas Filho João Paulo Aché de , Rocha Adelaide De Mattia , Pereira Nathália Haib Costa
Published: July 2013

OBJECTIVE: to verify the effectiveness of warmed intravenous infusion for hypothermia prevention in patients during the intraoperative period. METHOD: experimental, comparative, field, prospective and quantitative study undertaken at a federal public hospital. The sample was composed of 60 adults, included based on the criteria of axillary temperature between 36ºC and 37.1ºC and surgical abdominal access, divided into control and experimental groups, using the systematic probability sampling technique. RESULTS: 22 patients (73.4%) from both groups left the operating room with hypothermia, that is, with temperatures below 36ºC (p=1.0000). The operating room temperature when patients arrived and patients' temperature when they arrived at the operating room were statistically significant to affect the occurrence of hypothermia. CONCLUSION: the planning and implementation of nursing interventions carried out by baccalaureate nurses are essential for preventing hypothermia and maintaining perioperative normothermia.
Cardiovascular risk assessment in hypertensive patients
Authors: Paula Elaine Amaral de , Paula Rogério Baumgratz de , Costa Darcília Maria Nagen da , Colugnati Fernando Antonio Basile , Paiva Elenir Pereira de
Published: July 2013

OBJECTIVE: to assess cardiovascular risk by means of the traditional Framingham score and the version modified through the incorporation of emerging risk factors, such as family history of acute myocardial infarction, metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease. METHOD: participants were 50 hypertensive patients under outpatient treatment. The clinical data were collected through a semi-structured interview and the laboratory data from patients' histories. RESULTS: it was verified that the traditional Framingham score was predominantly low (74%), with 14% showing medium risk and 12% high risk. After the inclusion of emerging risk factors, the chance of a coronary event was low in 22% of the cases, medium in 56% and high in 22%. CONCLUSIONS: the comparison between the traditional Framingham risk score and the modified version demonstrated a significant difference in the cardiovascular risk classification, whose correlation shows discreet agreement between the two scales. Lifestyle elements seem to play a determinant role in the increase in cardiovascular risk levels.
Neoadjuvant Paradigm for Accelerated Drug Development: An Ideal Model in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Chism David D. , Woods Michael E. , Milowsky Matthew I.
Published: July 2013

Learning Objectives

Describe how pathological complete response predicts for improved outcome in patients with MIBC. Explain the biological rationale for neoadjuvant chemotherapy in MIBC related to the dysregulation in PI3K/AKT, RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathways, and ERBb family.
Experimental investigation of the free swelling of crushed argillite
Authors: Wang L. , Bornert M. , Chanchole S. , Héripré E.
Published: July 2013

Callovo–Oxfordian argillite is studied in France as a possible host rock for repository of high-level radioactive wastes. A new experimental procedure is proposed to quantify the free swelling of its main constitutive clay phase, which is a key parameter to model the hydromechanical behaviour of this rock. The material was pulverised finely enough to remove any local stress that may prevent the free swelling induced by a change in water content. Powders were observed using an environmental scanning electron microscope and images recorded at various degrees of relative humidity were analysed by digital image correlation techniques to measure swelling strains. The investigation showed that the free swelling is moderate in comparison to other expansive clays (e.g. bentonite MX80). The magnitude of deformation becomes significant at high relative humidity. This swelling is not reversible and residual contraction is found after a wetting/drying cycle. These results confirm and provide a possible interpretation of some macroscopic phenomena.
X-ray microtomography characterisation of the changes in statistical homogeneity of an unsaturated sand during imbibition
Authors: Bruchon J.-F. , Pereira J.-M. , Vandamme M. , Lenoir N. , Delage P. , Bornert M.
Published: July 2013

This paper deals with determination of the size of the representative volume element (RVE) of an unsaturated sand specimen and its evolution during wetting. An imbibition test was conducted in an oedometer cell while stepwise reducing the capillary pressure by using the negative water column technique. X-ray tomography scans were acquired at each equilibrium state and three-dimensional images of a partial volume of the specimen were processed. Characterisation of the sample's homogeneity was based on the asymptotic behaviour method for three quantities of interest: the air fraction and the median diameters of both the air and the water–grain phases obtained from Matheron's granulometry. It is shown that the RVE size depends on the choice of the quantity of interest and evolves with the saturation state.
Torsional behaviour of prestressed concrete girder with precast box segments
Authors: Kim Min Sook , Scanlon Andrew , Kang Joowon , Lee Young Hak
Published: July 2013

In this paper, various splicing methods for prestressed precast concrete members are suggested and examined through tests. Five specimens were manufactured including a monolithic girder in order to evaluate their torsional capacity. The spliced specimens consisted of two hollow segments into which steel box tubes were inserted. All specimens were prestressed and spliced using splice sleeves. Shear keys were applied to three of them. Crack patterns, failure modes, load–strain relations and moment–rotational angle relations were compared in order to evaluate torsional performance of the specimens. When the maximum torsional moment was applied, no separation of the connection occurred in the specimen in which steel tubes of both segments were welded, whereas separation occurred in the specimens in which one end of the steel tube was inserted into the other larger steel tube. The specimen SGW to which welding the steel tubes and prestressing were applied had approximately 77% torsional moment capacity compared with the monolithic specimens and around five times the angle of twist compared with the other spliced specimens.
A Social Practice Approach to Understanding Teachers' Learning to Use Technology and Digital Literacies in the Classroom
Authors: Kalman Judy , Guerrero Elsa
Published: July 2013

Current educational policy in Mexico, as in many other parts of the world, leans heavily on teachers to use computers in their classrooms. This article explores under what conditions teachers are willing to learn about and use digital technology in their work. The authors' central premise is that incorporating technology into teaching is a complex process that includes redefining classroom relationships, re-interpreting the curriculum, and expanding the notion of academic literacy beyond written texts. Using a social practice framework, they present data from a collaborative experience between teachers and researchers who share knowledge and know-how about how to use computers for academic purposes and co-participate in the design of academic activities for their classrooms. This article shows that in order for teachers to use digital technology, they need to participate in viable transitional practices that allow them to foray into the new, take risks in a safe environment, and construct new approaches to what counts as academic work, classroom interaction, curriculum and evaluation.
Copper Transporter ATP7A Protects Against Endothelial Dysfunction in Type 1 Diabetic Mice by Regulating Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase
Authors: Sudhahar Varadarajan , Urao Norifumi , Oshikawa Jin , McKinney Ronald D. , Llanos Roxana M. , Mercer Julian F.B. , Ushio-Fukai Masuko , Fukai Tohru
Published: July 2013

Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction contribute to vascular complication in diabetes. Extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) is one of the key antioxidant enzymes that obtains copper via copper transporter ATP7A. SOD3 is secreted from vascular smooth muscles cells (VSMCs) and anchors at the endothelial surface. The role of SOD3 and ATP7A in endothelial dysfunction in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is entirely unknown. Here we show that the specific activity of SOD3, but not SOD1, is decreased, which is associated with increased O2•− production in aortas of streptozotocin-induced and genetically induced Ins2Akita T1DM mice. Exogenous copper partially rescued SOD3 activity in isolated T1DM vessels. Functionally, acetylcholine-induced, endothelium-dependent relaxation is impaired in T1DM mesenteric arteries, which is rescued by SOD mimetic tempol or gene transfer of SOD3. Mechanistically, ATP7A expression in T1DM vessels is dramatically decreased whereas other copper transport proteins are not altered. T1DM-induced endothelial dysfunction and decrease of SOD3 activity are rescued in transgenic mice overexpressing ATP7A. Furthermore, SOD3-deficient T1DM mice or ATP7A mutant T1DM mice augment endothelial dysfunction and vascular O2•− production versus T1DM mice. These effects are in part due to hypoinsulinemia in T1DM mice, since insulin treatment, but not high glucose, increases ATP7A expression in VSMCs and restores SOD3 activity in the organoid culture of T1DM vessels. In summary, a decrease in ATP7A protein expression contributes to impaired SOD3 activity, resulting in O2•− overproduction and endothelial dysfunction in blood vessels of T1DM. Thus, restoring copper transporter function is an essential therapeutic approach for oxidant stress–dependent vascular and metabolic diseases.
Antiangiogenic and Antineuroinflammatory Effects of Kallistatin Through Interactions With the Canonical Wnt Pathway
Authors: Liu Xiaochen , Zhang Bin , McBride Jeffrey D. , Zhou Kevin , Lee Kyungwon , Zhou Yueping , Liu Zuguo , Ma Jian-xing
Published: July 2013

Kallistatin is a member of the serine proteinase inhibitor superfamily. Kallistatin levels have been shown to be decreased in the vitreous while increased in the circulation of patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR). Overactivation of the Wnt pathway is known to play pathogenic roles in DR. To investigate the role of kallistatin in DR and in Wnt pathway activation, we generated kallistatin transgenic (kallistatin-TG) mice overexpressing kallistatin in multiple tissues including the retina. In the oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model, kallistatin overexpression attenuated ischemia-induced retinal neovascularization. In diabetic kallistatin-TG mice, kallistatin overexpression ameliorated retinal vascular leakage, leukostasis, and overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor and intracellular adhesion molecule. Furthermore, kallistatin overexpression also suppressed Wnt pathway activation in the retinas of the OIR and diabetic models. In diabetic Wnt reporter (BAT-gal) mice, kallistatin overexpression suppressed retinal Wnt reporter activity. In cultured retinal cells, kallistatin blocked Wnt pathway activation induced by high glucose and by Wnt ligand. Coprecipitation and ligand-binding assays both showed that kallistatin binds to a Wnt coreceptor LRP6 with high affinity (Kd = 4.5 nmol/L). These observations suggest that kallistatin is an endogenous antagonist of LRP6 and inhibitor of Wnt signaling. The blockade of Wnt signaling may represent a mechanism for its antiangiogenic and antineuroinflammatory effects.
Profilin-1 Haploinsufficiency Protects Against Obesity-Associated Glucose Intolerance and Preserves Adipose Tissue Immune Homeostasis
Authors: Romeo Giulio R. , Pae Munkyong , Eberlé Delphine , Lee Jongsoon , Shoelson Steven E.
Published: July 2013

Metabolic inflammation may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity and its comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Previously, we showed that the actin-binding protein profilin-1 (pfn) plays a role in atherogenesis because pfn heterozygote mice (PfnHet) exhibited a significant reduction in atherosclerotic lesion burden and vascular inflammation. In the current study, we tested whether pfn haploinsufficiency would also limit diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance (IR). First, we found that a high-fat diet (HFD) upregulated pfn expression in epididymal and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) but not in the liver or muscle of C57BL/6 mice compared with normal chow. Pfn expression in WAT correlated with F4/80, an established marker for mature macrophages. Of note, HFD elevated pfn protein levels in both stromal vascular cells and adipocytes of WAT. We also found that PfnHet were significantly protected from HFD-induced glucose intolerance observed in pfn wild-type mice. With HFD, PfnHet displayed blunted expression of systemic and WAT proinflammatory cytokines and decreased accumulation of adipose tissue macrophages, which were also preferentially biased toward an M2-like phenotype; this correlated with preserved frequency of regulatory T cells. Taken together, the findings indicate that pfn haploinsufficiency protects against diet-induced IR and inflammation by modulating WAT immune homeostasis.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A and Islet Vascularization Are Necessary in Developing, but Not Adult, Pancreatic Islets
Authors: Reinert Rachel B. , Brissova Marcela , Shostak Alena , Pan Fong Cheng , Poffenberger Greg , Cai Qing , Hundemer Gregory L. , Kantz Jeannelle , Thompson Courtney S. , Dai Chunhua , McGuinness Owen P. , Powers Alvin C.
Published: July 2013

Pancreatic islets are highly vascularized mini-organs, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A is a critical factor in the development of islet vascularization. To investigate the role of VEGF-A and endothelial cells (ECs) in adult islets, we used complementary genetic approaches to temporally inactivate VEGF-A in developing mouse pancreatic and islet progenitor cells or in adult β-cells. Inactivation of VEGF-A early in development dramatically reduced pancreatic and islet vascularization, leading to reduced β-cell proliferation in both developing and adult islets and, ultimately, reduced β-cell mass and impaired glucose clearance. When VEGF-A was inactivated in adult β-cells, islet vascularization was reduced twofold. Surprisingly, even after 3 months of reduced islet vascularization, islet architecture and β-cell gene expression, mass, and function were preserved with only a minimal abnormality in glucose clearance. These data show that normal pancreatic VEGF-A expression is critical for the recruitment of ECs and the subsequent stimulation of endocrine cell proliferation during islet development. In contrast, although VEGF-A is required for maintaining the specialized vasculature observed in normal adult islets, adult β-cells can adapt and survive long-term reductions in islet vascularity. These results indicate that VEGF-A and islet vascularization have a lesser role in adult islet function and β-cell mass.
Resveratrol Prevents β-Cell Dedifferentiation in Nonhuman Primates Given a High-Fat/High-Sugar Diet
Authors: Fiori Jennifer L. , Shin Yu-Kyong , Kim Wook , Krzysik-Walker Susan M. , González-Mariscal Isabel , Carlson Olga D. , Sanghvi Mitesh , Moaddel Ruin , Farhang Kathleen , Gadkaree Shekhar K. , Doyle Maire E. , Pearson Kevin J. , Mattison Julie A. , de Cabo Rafael , Egan Josephine M.
Published: July 2013

Eating a “Westernized” diet high in fat and sugar leads to weight gain and numerous health problems, including the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Rodent studies have shown that resveratrol supplementation reduces blood glucose levels, preserves β-cells in islets of Langerhans, and improves insulin action. Although rodent models are helpful for understanding β-cell biology and certain aspects of T2DM pathology, they fail to reproduce the complexity of the human disease as well as that of nonhuman primates. Rhesus monkeys were fed a standard diet (SD), or a high-fat/high-sugar diet in combination with either placebo (HFS) or resveratrol (HFS+Resv) for 24 months, and pancreata were examined before overt dysglycemia occurred. Increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and insulin resistance occurred in both HFS and HFS+Resv diets compared with SD. Although islet size was unaffected, there was a significant decrease in β-cells and an increase in α-cells containing glucagon and glucagon-like peptide 1 with HFS diets. Islets from HFS+Resv monkeys were morphologically similar to SD. HFS diets also resulted in decreased expression of essential β-cell transcription factors forkhead box O1 (FOXO1), NKX6–1, NKX2–2, and PDX1, which did not occur with resveratrol supplementation. Similar changes were observed in human islets where the effects of resveratrol were mediated through Sirtuin 1. These findings have implications for the management of humans with insulin resistance, prediabetes, and diabetes.
Microstructural characterisation of oxide layer developed by sulphuric anodisation on 2017A alloys
Authors: Fares Chahinez , Boudiaf Achraf , Belouchrani Mohamed El Amine , Boukharouba Taoufik
Published: July 2013

In this paper, the characteristics of the oxide film formed on the surface of 2017A aluminium alloy by sulphuric oxidation are investigated. Morphological features on the oxide film are studied using scanning electron microscopy. Crystallographic details are obtained using X-ray diffraction. The composition of the oxide layer is estimated using wavelength dispersive X-ray spectrometry and Raman spectroscopy. Through systematic structure–property studies, the microstructure of the oxide layer is identified providing the incorporation of the alloying elements in the inner layer with a copper enrichment at the interface.
Differential response of IVP, parthenogenetic and nuclear transfer derived bovine embryos upon environmental heat stress-implications for expression of autosomal and X-linked genes
Authors: Hashem MA , Hossain MM , Mohammadi-Sangcheshmeh A , Cinar U , Rings F , Schellander K , Tesfaye D , Hoelker M
Published: July 2013

The present study was conducted to examine the metabolic activities and expression differences of X-linked and autosomal genes upon exposure to heat stress using different types of bovine embryos. Embryos from in vitro fertilized (IVF), parthenogenetic (PA) and nuclear transfer (NT) were given heat treatment at morula stages at 40°C for 6 hrs. Treated embryos were studied for metabolic activities by quantification of G6PD-activity through Brilliant Cresyl Blue (BCB) staining and were used for X-linked and autosomal gene expression studies. Quantification of G6PD, PGK1, XIST as sex linked and SOX, BAX, OCT4, HSP70.1 as autosomal genes and GAPDH (endogenous control) mRNAs in each cDNA sample from heat treated and untreated embryos were assessed by quantitative PCR. Results of the present study indicate sexually dimorphic expression of selected X-linked and autosomal genes upon exposure to heat stress at morula stage in IVF, PA and NT embryos. Moreover, our study showed that female IVP derived embryos show highly decreased levels of XIST after heat shock. That could be one of the reasons for reduced in vitro developmental competence of female bovine embryos since XIST is the responsible gene for X-chromosome inactivation. Any disturbance would result in dysregulation of all X-Chromosomal encoded genes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v42i1.15759 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (1): 1-10
Effect of age on slaughterhouse by-products of indigenous cattle of Bangladesh
Authors: Ali MM , Hossain MM , Akhter S , Islam MS , Hashem MA
Published: July 2013

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of age on slaughterhouse by-products and their chemical composition of indigenous cattle of Bangladesh. Live weight, warm carcass weight and dressing percentage of different age group (T1= 0 Tooth, T2= 2 Teeths, T3= 4 Teeths, T4= 6 Teeths and T5= 8 Teeths) of indigenous cattle were estimated. Average live weight and warm carcass weight of indigenous cattle was 167.64±79.93 kg and 84.83±47.88 kg, respectively on which age has significant effect. The average dressing percentage of indigenous cattle was 48.99±4.84. The average weight (kg) of inedible by-products eg. blood, hide, tail, scrotum, penis, cannon, horn, ear and tail was 6.35±0.69, 14.02±1.66, 0.34±0.03, 0.27±0.02, 0.28±0.03, 2.74±0.22, 0.33±0.04 and 0.17±0.02, respectively on which age has significant effect. The average weight (kg) of edible by-products eg. liver, heart, kidney, lung, brain, spleen, empty stomach, empty intestine, head and tongue was 2.40±0.22, 0.55±0.06, 0.35±0.04, 1.43±0.14, 0.33±0.01, 0.46±0.04, 6.32±0.74, 4.77±0.52, 8.21±0.78 and 0.48±0.04, respectively on which age has significant effect. The chemical composition of edible by-products was more or less similar to the main products of meat industry. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v42i1.15784 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (1): 62-66
A review and critical analysis about dental phobia
Authors: Khan Mahfujul Haq , Alif Sheikh Mohammad , Haque Sejuty
Published: July 2013

Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research & Education, Vol. 01, No. 01, January 2011, Page 23-26 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjdre.v1i1.15798
Changes in Residual Alveolar Ridge Following Tooth Extraction & the Necessity of Placing Bone Graft Material in the Extracted Socket to Prevent Bone Resorption - A Review Article
Authors: Hossain Muhammad Muktadir , Aziz Md. Saful , Asaduzzaman Md.
Published: July 2013

Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research & Education, Vol. 01, No. 01, January 2011, Page 30-32 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjdre.v1i1.15800
Glutathione and the Antioxidant Potential of Binary Mixtures with Flavonoids: Synergisms and Antagonisms
Authors: Pereira Renato , Sousa Carla , Costa Andreia , Andrade Paula , Valentão Patrícia
Published: July 2013

Polyphenols are able to trap free radicals, which contributes to their known antioxidant capacity. In plant extracts, these secondary metabolites may act in concert, in a way that their combined activities will be superior to their individual effects (synergistic interaction). Several polyphenols have demonstrated clear antioxidant properties in vitro, and many of their biological actions have been attributed to their intrinsic reducing capabilities. As so, the intake of these compounds at certain concentrations in the diet and/or supplementation may potentiate the activity of reduced form glutathione (GSH), thus better fighting oxidative stress. The aim of this work was to predict a structure-antioxidant activity relationship using different classes of flavonoids and to assess, for the first time, possible synergisms and antagonisms with GSH. For these purposes a screening microassay involving the scavenging of DPPH• was applied. In general, among the tested compounds, those lacking the catechol group in B ring showed antagonistic behaviour with GSH. Myricetin displayed additive effect, while quercetin, fisetin, luteolin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, taxifolin and (+)-catechin demonstrated synergistic actions. Furthermore, adducts formed at C2′ and C5′ of the B ring seem to be more important for the antioxidant capacity than adducts formed at C6 and C8 of the A ring.
Hybrid Map-Based Navigation Method for Unmanned Ground Vehicle in Urban Scenario
Authors: Hu Yuwen , Gong Jianwei , Jiang Yan , Liu Lu , Xiong Guangming , Chen Huiyan
Published: July 2013

To reduce the data size of metric map and map matching computational cost in unmanned ground vehicle self-driving navigation in urban scenarios, a metric-topological hybrid map navigation system is proposed in this paper. According to the different positioning accuracy requirements, urban areas are divided into strong constraint (SC) areas, such as roads with lanes, and loose constraint (LC) areas, such as intersections and open areas. As direction of the self-driving vehicle is provided by traffic lanes and global waypoints in the road network, a simple topological map is fit for the navigation in the SC areas. While in the LC areas, the navigation of the self-driving vehicle mainly relies on the positioning information. Simultaneous localization and mapping technology is used to provide a detailed metric map in the LC areas, and a window constraint Markov localization algorithm is introduced to achieve accurate position using laser scanner. Furthermore, the real-time performance of the Markov algorithm is enhanced by using a constraint window to restrict the size of the state space. By registering the metric maps into the road network, a hybrid map of the urban scenario can be constructed. Real unmanned vehicle mapping and navigation tests demonstrated the capabilities of the proposed method.
Les « points de contact » entre anthropologie et performance
Authors: Schechner Richard , Pecorari Marie
Published: July 2013

L’article interroge la pertinence actuelle des six points de contact entre théâtre et anthropologie définis en 1985 par l’auteur, Richard Schechner. À l’aide d’outils critiques caractéristiques de l’hybridité disciplinaire des Performance Studies (anthropologie, médecine, histoire), il envisage comme performances des pratiques rituelles dites « indigènes » et préhistoriques représentatives d’un « savoir incarné » délaissé ou déformé par le cadrage positiviste des sciences occidentales, et plaide pour une adaptation méthodologique à cet objet.
Jerk , de Gisèle Vienne et Jonathan Capdevielle
Authors: Barbéris Isabelle
Published: July 2013

Performance solo inspirée d’une nouvelle de Denis Cooper et mettant en jeu les techniques du « corps-castelet » et de la ventriloquie, Jerk est la reconstitution corporelle d’un fait divers américain des années 1970, l’inscription sur un corps de plusieurs scènes de crime devant une fiction d’auditoire théorique. En glissant de la marionnette à la ventriloquie, le spectacle met en scène une défiguration des personnages à l’intérieur du « corps-caméra » (Catherine Perret) du performeur.
Towards More Democratic Civil-Military Relations in Turkey
Authors: Aknur Müge
Published: July 2013

Les relations entre civils et militaires en Turquie ont traversé récemment une période de transformation radicale. Le rôle dominant de l’armée turque dans la politique depuis 1960, par ses interventions directes et indirectes, ainsi qu’au travers de mécanismes institutionnels et non-institutionnels, a considérablement diminué. À partir du début des réformes liées à l’adhésion européenne visant à démocratiser les relations civiles-militaires, puis d’une série d’enquêtes baptisées Ergenekon et Balyoz, dans lesquelles des officiers militaires ont été accusés de planifier des interventions visant à renverser le gouvernement actuel, l’armée a perdu à la fois ses prérogatives en politique et sa crédibilité aux yeux de l’opinion publique. Bien que les relations entre civils et militaires semblent aller dans un sens plus démocratique, en soumettant fortement l’armée au contrôle civil, il semble cependant que les civils ne traitent pas les forces armées de façon juste dans les enquêtes en cours. Par conséquent, en dépit de tous ces changements positifs, il n’est pas clair que la Turquie s’oriente vraiment vers une gouvernance plus démocratique des relations entre civils et militaires.
The Geopolitics of Energy Cooperation between Turkey and the European Union
Authors: Demiryol Tolga
Published: July 2013

Cet article examine les perspectives et les défis pour établir une coopération énergétique globale entre la Turquie et l’UE. L’argument principal est que la politique énergétique est essentiellement conduite par l’intérêt national plutôt que par les intérêts communs, ce qui empêche la consolidation de la coopération régionale. Il existe trois mécanismes spécifiques par lesquels la prédominance des intérêts nationaux mine la coopération énergétique. Tout d’abord, la divergence des intérêts nationaux énergétiques des États membres rend difficile la mise en application d’une politique extérieure commune par l’UE. En second lieu, la Russie suit la stratégie de division ( wedge strategy ), qui combine des incitations sélectives avec des instruments coercitifs pour empêcher la formation d’un bloc d’énergie anti-russe unifié au sein de l’UE. Troisièmement, la dépendance de la Turquie en matière de gaz russe limite la marge de manœuvre d’Ankara dans la politique énergétique régionale. Bloquée entre l’UE et la Russie, la Turquie cherche fréquemment à jouer les uns contre les autres. Ce balancement constant mine la crédibilité de l’engagement de la Turquie dans la coopération en matière d’énergie.
2D and 3D imaging of a buried prehistoric canoe using GPR attributes: a case study
Authors: Zhao Wenke , Tian Gang , Wang Bangbing , Forte Emanuele , Pipan Michele , Lin Jinxin , Shi Zhanjie , Li Xuejing
Published: July 2013

We apply Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) to detect a prehistoric canoe at the Maoshan site, Zhejiang Province, China. A complex attribute analysis of the GPR data allows enhancing the precision in target detection and provides more details about the canoe and the burial environment. The burial depth of the bottom interface of the prehistoric canoe is detected and the integrity of the whole canoe is assessed through a GPR survey. Difficulties in the application of dense sampling of 2D and pseudo 3D GPR data originate from micro‐topographical disturbance that specifically affects the pseudo 3D investigation results obtained from high‐frequency antennas. Data processing and advanced imaging techniques can only remove part of such effects. The research demonstrates that GPR can successfully image wooden cultural relics buried in the shallow subsurface with ultra, high‐density trace spacing and high‐frequency antennas even in totally saturated clay‐rich soils based on 2D profiles and pseudo 3D methodologies, characterized by tight (cm) cross‐line/in‐line spacing.
Sensibilisation lexico-grammaticale à l'aide d'un outil de concordance
Authors: Osborne John
Published: July 2013

Appliqués à la correction de textes d'apprenants, les outils de concordance servent à rendre plus saillantes certaines caractéristiques de leurs productions. L’utilisation de ces outils peut ainsi enrichir les données (négatives) fournies aux étudiants. D'après les premières indications de l'expérimentation décrite ici, cette démarche paraît produire plus d'effet sur les productions écrites que des techniques de correction traditionnelles.
There is a cleft in your sentence: Less common clause structures in scientific writing
Authors: Banks David
Published: July 2013

On peut utiliser le concept de la structure informationnelle afin d’expliquer les choix de voix dans l’article de recherche scientifique. Cependant, le maniement de la structure informationnelle peut donner des formes phrastiques autres que les simples structures active ou passive. Les candidats principaux sont les propositions clivées et pseudo-clivées, l’inversion, l’extraposition, et les phrases existentielles. L’étude d’un corpus révèle que les trois premiers semblent de moindre importance dans l’article de recherche, tandis que les exemples d’extraposition et de phrases existentielles constituent une minorité significative. Cette donnée doit être prise en compte par les scientifiques non anglophones appelés à rédiger en anglais.
Motivated word formation and (mis)understanding
Authors: English Kathryn
Published: July 2013

L’étude des groupes nominaux denses qui caractérisent la langue de spécialité et leur organisation constitue le gros du travail des terminologues. Mais les termes, une fois identifiés, étiquetés et rendus monosémiques sont-ils les garants d’une compréhension objective de la réalité technique ? Cet article examine la question par l’étude du point de vue, la motivation métaphorique des termes, la logique des arbres terminologiques et la fonction de la définition.
Les Academica dans le Contra Academicos : détournement et usage du scepticisme académicien par Saint Augustin
Authors: Marchand Stéphane
Published: July 2013

Saint Augustin parvient-il à réfuter le scepticisme académicien
dans le Contra Academicos ? Une lecture
attentive du premier dialogue philosophique d’Augustin laisse
apercevoir une compréhension profonde de la nature du scepticisme
académicien par le jeune Augustin. Le Contra
Academicos propose une stratégie de réfutation du scepticisme à
plusieurs niveaux : il s’agit, d’une part, de réfuter un à un les
arguments sceptiques exposés dans les Academica
de Cicéron afin de ne pas laisser croire aux esprits faibles que ces
arguments pourraient être définitifs. Mais Augustin a compris que le
scepticisme est bien plutôt confirmé par une telle réfutation. Il faut
donc proposer aussi des moyens de dépasser le scepticisme dans son
intention philosophique en en proposant une réduction psychologique :
le choix philosophique du scepticisme est alors interprété comme un
mouvement de désespoir dans la vérité. Enfin, il faut donner les
moyens de surmonter le scepticisme en montrant comment l’accès à la
vérité est conditionné par la foi. L’étude de cette stratégie complexe
de réponse au scepticisme montre ainsi que les principaux arguments
contre le scepticisme développés dans la suite de l’œuvre d’Augustin
trouvent leur origine dans ce débat avec Cicéron et les
Académiciens.
La seconde acculturation chrétienne de Cicéron : la réception des Académiques du IXe au XIIe siècle
Authors: Grellard Christophe
Published: July 2013

Cet article examine le destin médiéval des Académiques de Cicéron à
partir du cas particulier d’un des rares philosophes médiévaux à se
revendiquer academicus, Jean de Salisbury
(1120-1180). Après avoir présenté les étapes de la réception médiévale
des Académiques, ainsi que le corpus cicéronien auquel avait accès
Jean de Salisbury, on conclut qu’il n’avait sans doute pas une
connaissance directe de la principale œuvre sceptique de Cicéron.
Néanmoins, en s’appuyant sur les autres textes de Cicéron à sa
disposition, il parvient à reconstruire une forme originale de
scepticisme, à la fois dépendante de la source cicéronienne et
inscrite dans un horizon chrétien indépassable au Moyen Âge.
Montaigne et les Academica de Cicéron
Authors: Eva Luiz
Published: July 2013

Dans le présent article, il s’agit de reconsidérer le rapport entre
pyrrhonisme et scepticisme académicien dans Les
Essais de Montaigne, en posant l’hypothèse que le philosophe
aurait, dès le début de sa réflexion, perçu ces deux tendances
sceptiques comme des philosophies très proches, voire compatibles,
malgré leurs divergences importantes. Son intérêt croissant pour les
Academica de Cicéron, dans les versions
postérieures des Essais, le conduirait donc non
seulement à transformer son propre scepticisme (qu’il découvre de plus
en plus proche de celui de Cicéron), mais aussi à affiner son jugement
sur les rapports entre les deux philosophies. En conclusion, l’article
évoque brièvement ce qu’apportent ces éléments dans la perspective
d’une nouvelle vision des relations entre Montaigne et Cicéron.
L’ennemi cartésien. Cartésianisme et anti-cartésianisme en philosophie de l’esprit et en sciences cognitives
Authors: Roux Sandrine
Published: July 2013

La référence au cartésianisme est constante dans les travaux
contemporains de philosophie de l’esprit et de sciences cognitives. Sa
fonction n’est pas de fournir une exégèse historique de Descartes ;
elle est plutôt de dégager certains aspects de la conception
cartésienne de l’esprit, ceux qui informeraient encore la recherche
philosophique et scientifique actuelle, et qu’il resterait à dépasser.
Ainsi l’adjectif cartésien n’est-il pas seulement utilisé pour faire
directement référence à Descartes, mais aussi pour désigner les
théories et les approches modernes de l’esprit qui, tout en rompant
avec le cartésianisme sur plusieurs points, auraient néanmoins hérité
d’importantes erreurs cartésiennes. On remarquera en outre que dans
cette logique, l’adjectif cartésien revêt un
sens essentiellement critique. Et pour la plupart des théoriciens
contemporains en effet, le cartésianisme est bien l’ennemi à
combattre. La présente contribution se propose de dresser un portrait
de cet ennemi, à partir de quelques-uns des usages qui sont faits de
la notion de cartésianisme en philosophie de l’esprit et en sciences
cognitives. Cette analyse, qui ne prétend pas à l’exhaustivité, nous
permettra de faire apparaître les raisons et les enjeux de la
référence à la figure cartésienne dans les réflexions des deux champs
mentionnés.
« L’âme pense-t-elle toujours ? » Postérité de la théorie de l’intensio et remissio formarum dans la querelle entre empiristes et cartésiens
Authors: Simonetta David
Published: July 2013

« Le bon sens est la chose du monde la mieux partagée. » Il n’est
pas rare de voir dans l’incipit du Discours de la méthode un de ces
énoncés cartésiens qui, par leur simplicité et leur transparence,
marquèrent une rupture avec la technicité de la philosophie
scolastique des siècles précédents. Pourtant, à se pencher sur les
commentaires qui ont été produits de ce texte, dès sa publication, il
apparaît que pour un certain nombre de contemporains de Descartes, il
y avait là une référence à la théorie dite de l’intensio et remissio
formarum – ou latitude des formes – qui, de Pierre Lombard à
Nicolas d’Oresme en passant par Richard de Middleton, fit l’objet de
discussions soutenues pendant plus de six siècles. Cette théorie
énonce que seules les qualités accidentelles sont susceptibles de
variations intensives dans une substance, contrairement aux propriétés
essentielles qui, elles, sont invariables. L’énoncé de Descartes, aux
atours de simple proverbe, cacherait en réalité un tour de force
argumentatif : tenant pour acquis que la pensée constitue l’attribut
essentiel de l’âme, Descartes mobiliserait la théorie de l’intensio et remissio
formarum pour affirmer qu’en chaque âme, cette pensée n’est pas
susceptible de plus et de moins. Il devient alors possible de définir
certaines opérations épistémiques élémentaires qui s’observent à part
égale en chacun de nous, et ne sont pas soumises à la variabilité des
compétences individuelles.Mais ce point d’interprétation du texte
de Descartes ne conserverait qu’un intérêt herméneutique s’il ne
trouvait, outre-Manche et quelques dizaines d’années plus tard, un
remarquable rebondissement : En 1690, John Locke, dans L’Essai sur l’entendement humain, identifie
parfaitement la référence médiévale sous-jacente à cet énoncé
canonique du cartésianisme, et la discute avec la plus grande rigueur.
En indexant la pensée sur l’attention, et en remarquant que cette
attention est susceptible de variations d’intensités au cours du
temps, Locke en vient à se demander s’il ne faut pas renoncer au
postulat cartésien selon lequel la pensée constituerait l’essence de
l’âme, et lui préférer l’hypothèse selon laquelle cette pensée ne
serait pour l’âme qu’une activité.