bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding variations in the trajectories of academic achievement and mental health service utilization of foreign-born adolescents in British Columbia, Canada: A population-based cohort study
Authors: Gagne Monique , Shapka Jennifer
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe aim of the study was to examine variations in the academic achievement and mental health service utilization of foreign-born adolescents in British Columbia (BC), Canada, and to subsequently identify predictors of this variation. The objectives of the study were to (a) characterize the academic achievement and mental health service utilization trajectories of foreign-born adolescents over the course of high school, (b) identify assets and risks predicting their academic achievement and mental health service utilization trajectories, and (c) identify the relationship between academic achievement and mental health service utilization.ApproachLeveraging administrative data from the BC Ministry of Health, BC Ministry of Education, and Citizenship and Immigration Canada, the study looked retrospectively at a population-based cohort of foreign-born adolescents in BC over the course of their high school years (Grades 10-12), in comparison to a random sample of their Canadian-born peers. ResultsUtilizing Group-based Trajectory Modeling, the study identified that foreign-born adolescents in BC followed a range of academic achievement and mental health service utilization paths. By way of multinomial logistic regression, the study subsequently identified a number of assets and risks that helped to explain the odds of membership in each trajectory group. Finally, utilizing dual trajectory modeling, the study found a relationship between academic achievement trajectory group membership, conditional upon mental health service utilization group membership.ConclusionAs expected, a number of assets and risks as well as cumulative assets and risks associated with migration experiences were found to be powerful predictors of the variation in academic achievement and mental health service utilization for foreign-born adolescents in BC. The results support moving away from a one-size-fits-all understanding of the impact of migration on adolescent development. The utility of contextualizing migration experiences to gain a better understand of who is most likely to struggle or succeed is discussed.
Record linkage improves assessment of interpregnancy interval (IPI)
Authors: Roberts Christine , Algert Charles S. , Nippita Tanya A. , Morris Jonathan M. , Ford Jane B.
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo examine the impact on interpregnancy interval, of linking miscarriage and termination records to birth records.ApproachInterpregnancy interval (IPI) is the time between the end of one pregnancy and conception in a subsequent pregnancy. IPI is one of the few modifiable risk factors for adverse birth outcomes. Information about the effect of IPI is particularly important to women who have suffered a pregnancy loss (miscarriage, termination or perinatal death) and want to conceive again. Accurate measurement of the IPI is important for research into its effect. However, most population-based studies have been limited to the use of birth data, which typically only records births of ≥20 weeks gestation. Record linkage offers the opportunity to identify pregnancies ending <20 weeks. Our study population was all pregnancies ≥20 weeks in New South Wales, Australia in 2012. The birth records were longitudinally linked to all prior birth records and, to all hospitalisations for pregnancy losses <20 weeks gestation. We compared the IPI using birth records alone to the IPI when fetal loss data were included. We also determined the impact on the proportion of women identified with a prior pregnancy loss.ResultsOf 97,991 maternities in 2012 and using birth data alone, 49,650 (50.7%) women had a record of a previous birth with a mean IPI of 2.6 years (standard deviation +/-2.3; median 1.9 years). Linkage to hospital data identified 9,430 (9.6%) women with an early pregnancy loss in the preceding pregnancy, reducing the mean IPI to 2.3+/-2.2 years (median 1.7 years).Incorporating hospital records increased the number of women whose previous pregnancy had resulted in a loss. Using only the birth records, 616 (0.6%) pregnancies had been preceded by a loss. With the expanded records of loss, there were 10,046 (10.3%) women whose pregnancy was preceded by a loss. This subgroup of women had a shorter mean IPI 1.7+/-2.0 years (median 0.8 years). The impact was greater among nulliparous women.ConclusionsInclusion of records of pregnancy loss is important not just for accurate calculation of the IPI, but also for identification of women who have had a prior pregnancy; nulliparous women may have a preceding loss which goes unrecognised. Further, ascertainment of pregnancy losses can make a big difference in the calculated IPI for women whose preceding birth was a loss. This subgroup is one that can potentially benefit the most from accurate research on the effect of IPI.
Linking survey responses and administrative records without respondent consent to link; a discussion paper
Authors: Burns Frances , O Reilly Dermot
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives(i) Review the application and interpretation of the Data Protection Act (DPA) 1998; clarifying whether individual consent is required for data linkage for secondary research purposes, in consideration of the policies and principles of the UK Administrative Data Research Network (ADRN).

(ii) Determine ethical, logistical or ‘tactical’ factors researchers might have to take into consideration.

ApproachLinking survey data to administrative records offer potential advantage to both researchers and survey respondents. Informed, specific and explicit consent is typically a prerequisite for linkage. However, not all respondents consent to data-linkage resulting in a reduced and potentially biased sub-sample for analysis. In Northern Ireland consent rates for record linkage are typically about 50%.

Discussion with the ICO confirms that the DPA may encourage rather than restrict research. S33 ‘research exemption’ supports secondary use of survey data subject to conditions such as that is for research purposes, it is not incompatible with the original purpose, and would not cause the data subjects substantial damage or distress. Other DPA principles remain in force; Principle 1 (fair and lawful processing) and the need to make data subjects ‘aware’ of the research: explicit consent is only one route by which this can be achieved. The Processing Sensitive Data Order (2000) protects the privacy of individuals. Research must be of substantial public interest with access only to data necessary to answer the research question. The ADRN enables access to de identified data for research purposes where identified public benefit is independently assured, maintains the privacy of individuals and ensures lawful “conditions of processing” are met.

Resulting discussionLegal considerations aside, researchers may face other obstacles; the first is technical as the surveying agency may have deleted all linkable identifiers. The second is ethical as research ethics committee approval is a usual precondition. De-identification of individual subjects should be grounds for ethical approval where the research proposal includes a publication plan with appropriate methods to inform participants of research conducted and findings. Finally, the data custodians may not agree to the linkage for sound ‘tactical’ longer-term reasons, even if convinced of its legality.

ConclusionUse of de identified survey data for research purposes is possible via the UK ADRN but raises other considerations for researchers and data custodians. We argue that this option should be used in limited circumstances.
Lugar de aluno é na escola que desenvolva conhecimentos
Authors: Souza Janaína Moreira Pacheco de , Senna Luiz Antonio Gomes
Published: April 2017

O objetivo do presente estudo, de cunho bibliográfico, é suscitar algumas reflexões acerca da proposta de universalização escolar no contexto atual do nosso país. Para iniciarmos a discussão, traremos considerações de filósofos iluministas que pensaram a educação com uma visão voltada à cidadania. Na atualidade, um dos grandes discursos direcionados à área da educação é a promoção da equidade de ensino.  Com o objetivo de compreender o papel que a escola e o professor exercem nesse processo, garantindo acesso e permanência do aluno na escola, abordaremos questões relacionadas ao processo de construção do conhecimento que permeia tanto quem ensina, quanto quem aprende. A ideia defendida no corpo do texto será a de que o processo de universalização escolar só se efetivará mediante reflexões que envolvam todas as instâncias de ensino; apropriação pelo professor da sua real função no processo educativo e, valorização da educação por parte do Estado.  Para embasarmos tal posição, traremos estudos de Senna (1997, 2008), Becker (1993), Berticelli (2004) e Libâneo (2012, 2013) que apontam possibilidades pedagógicas reais e ideias no/para o cotidiano escolar que permitam ao indivíduo se desenvolver enquanto cidadão. Palavras-chave: Cidadania. Conhecimento. Escola.
PENGARUH DINAMIKA INTERNAL PARTAI TERHADAP STRATEGI POLITIK PARTAI AMANAT NASIONAL PASCA KONGRES IV TAHUN 2015
Authors: Solihah Ratnia
Published: April 2017

Internal conflict within a political party commonplaces in political institutions, especially in the context of fighting for power or leadership in a party. But internal conflicts in the electoral process currently Chairman of the PAN congressional IV in Bali in 2015 does not lead to a prolonged conflict until the dualism of leadership of a party or departure of chairman candidate who lost in the political competition by setting up a new political party. Post-election of Chairman of the National Mandate Party Zulkifli Hasan replacing Hatta Rajasa. Raises the political dynamics of internal new has happened in the PAN, which also affects changes in political strategy PAN good political strategy for the internal PAN and external PAN, which aims to increase the capabilities of the party, the public trust/ society against the PAN and to improve electability PAN in elections in 2019.
TURISMO RURAL EN EL ANP INSURGENTE MIGUEL HIDALGO Y COSTILLA: IMPACTOS Y ESTRATEGIAS PARA LA CONSERVACIÓN AMBIENTAL
Authors: Perez-Ramirez Carlos Alberto
Published: April 2017

El trabajo tuvo como objetivo analizar los impactos socio territoriales que el turismo genera en el área natural protegida (ANP) Insurgente Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla (México) con la finalidad de proponer estrategias que propicien la conservación ambiental. Para ello, se retomó la comunalidad como marco de análisis sobre los impactos que genera en el territorio, recursos, estructura política, dinámica económica y elementos culturales. Se identificó que la actividad tiene incidencia sobre los elementos biofísicos y las dinámicas socio políticas, ante lo cual es preciso delinear estrategias de conservación ambiental que den continuidad de los servicios ecosistémicos y permitan mejorar las condiciones de vida de la población.
ANÁLISE DO NÍVEL DE SUSTENTABILIDADE DAS UNIDADES FEDERATIVAS DO BRASIL E DE SUAS CAPITAIS: UM ESTUDO SOB AS PERSPECTIVAS ECONÔMICA, SOCIAL E AMBIENTAL
Authors: Macedo Marcelo Alvaro da S. , Ferreira Antonio F. R. , Cípola Fabrício C.
Published: April 2017

A busca pela sustentabilidade envolve a promoção do progresso econômico de forma responsável, tanto socialmente quanto ambientalmente. Quando uma região consegue resolver de forma integrada questões sobre crescimento econômico, exploração de recursos naturais, pobreza e distribuição de renda, que têm natureza econômica, ambiental e social, ela se torna, então, sustentável, pois se mostra capaz de promover, de forma equilibrada e harmônica, crescimento econômico, qualidade de vida e respeito ao meio ambiente. Nesse contexto, o presente artigo analisa o nível de sustentabilidade das 27 unidades federativas (UFs) do Brasil e de suas capitais. Para tanto, foi aplicada a metodologia de Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA) a informações de natureza econômica, social e ambiental, que são os parâmetros do TBL – Triple Bottom Line, no intuito de gerar um indicador de sustentabilidade denominado Índice Consolidado de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ICDS). Os resultados mostram que o Distrito Federal e a cidade de Vitória no Espírito Santo são destaques positivos, enquanto que o Maranhão e a cidade de Maceió em Alagoas obtêm resultados ruins em termos de desenvolvimento sustentável. Uma questão relevante, que surge da comparação destes rankings é a posição dos estados de Alagoas e do Piauí, que possuem enquanto UFs desempenhos ruins e que têm suas capitais também com baixo nível de sustentabilidade. Esta é realmente uma situação preocupante e que merece uma intervenção urgente, com o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas que envolva as instâncias municipal, estadual e federal.
Gobernanza y redes de políticas públicas: el caso de la política habitacional chilena
Authors: Grau Olaya
Published: April 2017

En los últimos años las sociedades occidentales han experimentado profundos cambios con implicancias de distinta índole. El contexto actual se caracteriza por el dinamismo, complejidad y diversidad que solo admite una aproximación plural desde las distintas esferas de la sociedad. Ante este escenario, los gobiernos tradicionales, jerárquicos y centralizados no son suficientes ni tampoco idóneos para hacer frente a los nuevos problemas y desafíos contemporáneos. De ahí la importancia de contemplar las ideas y fundamentos que sustentan un enfoque de gobernanza democrática, el cual tiene la intención de atender las nuevas demandas y políticas públicas que las transformaciones sociales actuales requieren. Frente a lo anterior, se despliega el análisis de este trabajo que aborda el caso de la política habitacional chilena, específicamente el Programa Fondo Solidario de Vivienda (FSV). Desde este marco, el principal propósito de la investigación que sustenta este artículo, fue analizar el tipo de coordinación en red que se desarrolla en la fase de implementación de los proyectos habitacionales correspondientes al programa FSV en la Región Metropolitana (Chile) durante los años 2006 – 2010, desde un enfoque de gobernanza democrática y redes de políticas públicas.
Envejecimiento y políticas sociales integradas en la Ciudad de México
Authors: Raccanello Kristiano , Constantino Martha Isabel Ángeles , Molina Velasco Nallely
Published: April 2017

Las personas adultas mayores aun manteniendo todos sus derechos, enfrentan obstáculos dictados por su condición y por una menor integración social. Frente a la falta de un marco institucional que vele de forma explícita para este grupo etario, el Gobierno de la Ciudad de México ha promulgado leyes que constituyen un importante avance en este sentido. Este marco legal se anticipa al aumento de la población adulta mayor en la Ciudad de México en las siguientes décadas y sustenta los programas y acciones que la Secretaría de Desarrollo Social del Distrito Federal, a través del Instituto para la Atención de los Adultos Mayores en el Distrito Federal, está llevando a cabo. Tanto los programas como las acciones buscan promover la inclusión social de manera integrada para mejorar el nivel de bienestar de las personas adultas mayores.
Recensiones
Authors: GAPP Revista
Published: April 2017

Ramió Matas, Carles. Administración pública y crisis institucional: Estrategias de reforma e innovación para España y América Latina. Tecnos, Madrid, 2015 (Miguel Anxo Bastos Boubeta).Crespo González, Jorge (director); Larrainar Zaballa, Begoña; Llorente Márquez, Jesús; Pastor Albaladejo, Gema; Redondo Lebrero, Juan Carlos; Rodríguez Montoya, José María. Crisis y reinvención de la función pública en un escenario de gobernanza multinivel. INAP, Madrid, 2016 (Juan Carlos Barajas Martínez).Zafra Víctor, Manuel. Respaldo político para buenas ideas. Mi experiencia en dos direcciones generales sobre gobiernos locales. IUSTEL Portal Derecho S.A., Madrid; 2015 (José Ignacio Martínez García).
Modernité and its mythology
Authors: Longbois-Canil Christophe
Published: April 2017

Too often, the term of modernité is used without a clear sense when historians write about the modernité of the greats painters of the nineteenth century, as Édouard Manet or Vincent van Gogh for example. This article wants to give a definition of modernité as Baudelaire thought it, i.e. a concept, then show that our vision of this term is constructed from the discourse of the art critics of the nineteenth century. In fact, what we call today modernité is only a mythology.
Taraxerol protects the human hepatic L02 cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis
Authors: Yao Xiang-Yang , Bai Qin
Published: April 2017

Taraxerol is known to exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity. However, cytoprotective effect of taraxerol on hepatocytes has not been reported. In the present study, we investigated the hepatoprotective effect of taraxerol in the human hepatic L02 cells injured by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Taraxerol decreased H2O2-induced cell viability loss and lactate dehydrogenase release. Taraxerol also inhibited H2O2-induced cell apoptosis. Further, taraxerol attenuated H2O2-induced increase in cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved-PARP. H2O2-activated p38 and JNK were also inhibited by taraxerol. These data suggest that taraxerol could protect the L02 cells against H2O2-induced apoptosis via suppression of p38 and JNK. Taraxerol may be an effective protective agent against oxidative stress-induced liver injury.Video Clip of Methodology: 6 min 20 sec   Full Screen    Alternate
“To Corrupt a Man in the Midst of a Verse”: Ben Jonson and the Prose of the World
Authors: Tootalian Jacob
Published: April 2017

Ben Jonson's early plays show a marked interest in prose as a counterpoint to the blank verse norm of the Renaissance stage. This essay presents a digital analysis of Jonson's early mixed-mode plays and his two later full-prose comedies. It examines this selection of the Jonsonian corpus using DocuScope, a piece of software that catalogs sentence-level features of texts according to a series of rhetorical categories, highlighting the distinctive linguistic patterns associated with Jonson's verse and prose. Verse tends to employ abstract, morally and emotionally charged language, while prose is more often characterized by expressions that are socially explicit, interrogative, and interactive. In the satirical economy of these plays, Jonson's characters usually adopt verse when they articulate censorious judgements, descending into prose when they wade into the intractable banter of the vicious world. Surprisingly, the prosaic signature that Jonson fashioned in his earlier drama persisted in the two later full-prose comedies. The essay presents readings of Every Man Out of his Humour and Bartholomew Fair, illustrating how the tension between verse and prose that motivated the satirical dynamics of the mixed-mode plays was released in the full-prose comedies. Jonson's final experiments with theatrical prose dramatize the exhaustion of the satirical impulse by submerging his characters almost entirely in the prosaic world of interactive engagement.
Neo-Zionism and Palestine: The Unveiling of Settler-Colonial Practices in Mainstream Zionism
Authors: Jamal Amal
Published: April 2017

This article examines the rise and key characteristics of Neo-Zionist political thought in Israel and its relationship with mainstream Zionist thought. It argues that despite the radical and repulsive discourses of Neo-Zionism and the critique expressed by liberal Zionists towards it, the former has always been embodied in classical Zionism. The justifications provided by Neo-Zionists are based on principles propagated by central leaders of mainstream Zionism. Utilising new perspectives in Settler-Colonial Studies, the article demonstrates how both strands encapsulate the Zionist continuum and continuous expansionist drive for new settlements in Palestine based on ‘Biblical right’ of Jews over the land of Palestine. Both advocate supremacist, exclusivist, and volkish rights for Jews with disastrous consequences for the indigenous people of Palestine. The convictions and practices of the Neo-Zionists in the post 1967 period help unveil the camouflaged motivations, justifications and practices of mainstream expansionist Zionism.
Factors affecting strength of clays in the temperature range 110 to 800%
Authors: Sutton W. H. , Matson F. R.
Published: April 2017

Not available
Some methods of finishing coîicreie surfaces and making good effects
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: April 2017

Not available
The Tacit Knowledge Through the Customer Experience
Authors: Jaziri-Bouagina Dhouha
Published: April 2017

This chapter connects the management and marketing fields by scrutinizing the tacit knowledge management in the case of the customer experience theory. First, the theoretical and conceptual side is presented. To this regard, the tacit knowledge' importance is stressed. Likewise, a discussion of its externalization methods in reference to the customer experience theory as well as its strong relationship with the innovation development, is emphasized. Especially, the experiential innovation is targeted by this research and defended. The research question treated is: How to acquire and use the customer experiential knowledge CEK- for an experiential innovation development? Thus, CEK is conceptualized, in advance, through a deeper correspondence between the tacit knowledge taxonomies and the consumption experience dimensions. Second, the practical side presents a depth qualitative research undertaken with managers of Tunisian thalassotherapy centers to respond to the cited question. Finally, content analysis techniques, discussion of results and the practical contribution are advanced.
The Tacit Knowledge and the Knowledge Management Processes
Authors: Valentina Florea Nicoleta
Published: April 2017

Knowledge management is a new term specific for the new Knowledge Economy, where continuous change is every step and imposes developing knowledge of employees in order to satisfy stakeholders needs and to obtain long-term performance. This chapter will analyse the role of tacit knowledge in obtaining performance and the knowledge processes implemented to achieve its objectives: knowledge acquering, mapping and sharing in order to grow knowledge and knowledge flows. The author presents a simulation model used to analyse the present stock of tacit knowledge and to predict future knowledge for the future activities. It is also developed a relationship-based Knowledge Matrix offering organizations new opportunities for gaining new knowledge. This can be made by implementing models of inter and intra-departmental or inter-organizational knowledge exchange to help organizations find the right employee for the right job, and to identify the right knowledge at the right time and cost.
Estimation of Anisotropy of Creep Properties in Al and Mg Alloys by Means of Small Punch Test
Authors: Dobeš Ferdinand , Dymáček Petr
Published: April 2017

Small punch test was used to evaluate the properties of light alloys in various directions. Three different materials were studied:
(i) magnesium alloy WE54 prepared by a powder metallurgical route with final hot extrusion,
(ii) aluminium alloy reinforced with 20 vol. % of Saffil fibres with planar orientation, and
(iii) Al-Al4C3 composite prepared by mechanical alloying and subjected to equal channel angular pressing as a final step.
Tests were performed under constant force at elevated temperatures. The observed orientation dependence of creep properties is strongly material dependent. The results confirm the feasibility of the small punch test for determination of anisotropy of mechanical properties.
mTORC1 Promotes T-bet Phosphorylation To Regulate Th1 Differentiation
Authors: Chornoguz Olesya , Hagan Robert S. , Haile Azeb , Arwood Matthew L. , Gamper Christopher J. , Banerjee Arnob , Powell Jonathan D.
Published: April 2017

CD4+ T cells lacking the mTORC1 activator Rheb fail to secrete IFN-γ under Th1 polarizing conditions. We hypothesized that this phenotype is due to defects in regulation of the canonical Th1 transcription factor T-bet at the level of protein phosphorylation downstream of mTORC1. To test this hypothesis, we employed targeted mass-spectrometry proteomic analysis–multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. We used this method to detect and quantify predicted phosphopeptides derived from T-bet. By analyzing activated murine wild-type and Rheb-deficient CD4+ T cells, as well as murine CD4+ T cells activated in the presence of rapamycin, a pharmacologic inhibitor of mTORC1, we were able to identify six T-bet phosphorylation sites. Five of these are novel, and four sites are consistently dephosphorylated in both Rheb-deficient CD4+ T cells and T cells treated with rapamycin, suggesting mTORC1 signaling controls their phosphorylation. Alanine mutagenesis of each of the six phosphorylation sites was tested for the ability to impair IFN-γ expression. Single phosphorylation site mutants still support induction of IFN-γ expression; however, simultaneous mutation of three of the mTORC1-dependent sites results in significantly reduced IFN-γ expression. The reduced activity of the triple mutant T-bet is associated with its failure to recruit chromatin remodeling complexes to the Ifng gene promoter. These results establish a novel mechanism by which mTORC1 regulates Th1 differentiation, through control of T-bet phosphorylation.
The relative importance of macrophysical and cloud albedo changes for aerosol-induced radiative effects in closed-cell stratocumulus: insight from the modelling of a case study
Authors: Grosvenor Daniel P. , Field Paul R. , Hill Adrian A. , Shipway Benjamin J.
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Aerosol–cloud interactions are explored using 1 km simulations of a case study of predominantly closed-cell SE Pacific stratocumulus clouds. The simulations include realistic meteorology along with newly implemented cloud microphysics and sub-grid cloud schemes. The model was critically assessed against observations of liquid water path (LWP), broadband fluxes, cloud fraction (fc), droplet number concentrations (Nd), thermodynamic profiles, and radar reflectivities.Aerosol loading sensitivity tests showed that at low aerosol loadings, changes to aerosol affected shortwave fluxes equally through changes to cloud macrophysical characteristics (LWP, fc) and cloud albedo changes due solely to Nd changes. However, at high aerosol loadings, only the Nd albedo change was important. Evidence was also provided to show that a treatment of sub-grid clouds is as important as order of magnitude changes in aerosol loading for the accurate simulation of stratocumulus at this grid resolution.Overall, the control model demonstrated a credible ability to reproduce observations, suggesting that many of the important physical processes for accurately simulating these clouds are represented within the model and giving some confidence in the predictions of the model concerning stratocumulus and the impact of aerosol. For example, the control run was able to reproduce the shape and magnitude of the observed diurnal cycle of domain mean LWP to within  ∼  10 g m−2 for the nighttime, but with an overestimate for the daytime of up to 30 g m−2. The latter was attributed to the uniform aerosol fields imposed on the model, which meant that the model failed to include the low-Nd mode that was observed further offshore, preventing the LWP removal through precipitation that likely occurred in reality. The boundary layer was too low by around 260 m, which was attributed to the driving global model analysis. The shapes and sizes of the observed bands of clouds and open-cell-like regions of low areal cloud cover were qualitatively captured. The daytime fc frequency distribution was reproduced to within Δfc = 0.04 for fc >  ∼ 0.7 as was the domain mean nighttime fc (at a single time) to within Δfc = 0.02. Frequency distributions of shortwave top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) fluxes from the satellite were well represented by the model, with only a slight underestimate of the mean by 15 %; this was attributed to near–shore aerosol concentrations that were too low for the particular times of the satellite overpasses. TOA long-wave flux distributions were close to those from the satellite with agreement of the mean value to within 0.4 %. From comparisons of Nd distributions to those from the satellite, it was found that the Nd mode from the model agreed with the higher of the two observed modes to within  ∼  15 %.
Intercomparability of XCO2 and XCH4 from the United States TCCON sites
Authors: Hedelius Jacob K. , Parker Harrison , Wunch Debra , Roehl Coleen M. , Viatte Camille , Newman Sally , Toon Geoffrey C. , Podolske James R. , Hillyard Patrick W. , Iraci Laura T. , Dubey Manvendra K. , Wennberg Paul O.
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) has become the standard for long-term column-averaged measurements of CO2 and CH4. Here, we use a pair of portable spectrometers to test for intra-network bias among the four currently operating TCCON sites in the United States (US). A previous analytical error analysis has suggested that the maximum 2σ site-to-site relative (absolute) bias of TCCON should be less than 0.2 % (0.8 ppm) in XCO2 and 0.4 % (7 ppb) in XCH4. We find here experimentally that the 95 % confidence intervals for maximum pairwise site-to-site bias among the four US TCCON sites are 0.05–0.14 % for XCO2 and 0.08–0.24 % for XCH4. This is close to the limit of the bias we can detect using this methodology.
Continuation of long-term global SO2 pollution monitoring from OMI to OMPS
Authors: Zhang Yan , Li Can , Krotkov Nickolay A. , Joiner Joanna , Fioletov Vitali , McLinden Chris
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Over the past 20 years, advances in satellite remote sensing of pollution-relevant species have made space-borne observations an increasingly important part of atmospheric chemistry research and air quality management. This progress has been facilitated by advanced UV–vis spectrometers, such as the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on board the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) Aura satellite, and continues with new instruments, such as the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) on board the NASA–NOAA Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) satellite. In this study, we demonstrate that it is possible, using our state-of-the-art principal component analysis (PCA) retrieval technique, to continue the long-term global SO2 pollution monitoring started by OMI with the current and future OMPS instruments that will fly on the NOAA Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) 1, 2, 3, and 4 satellites in addition to SNPP, with a very good consistency of retrievals from these instruments. Since OMI SO2 data have been primarily used for (1) providing regional context on air pollution and long-range transport on a daily basis and (2) providing information on point emission sources on an annual basis after data averaging, we focused on these two aspects in our OMI–OMPS comparisons. Four years of retrievals (2012–2015) have been compared for three regions: eastern China, Mexico, and South Africa. In general, the comparisons show relatively high correlations (r = 0. 79–0.96) of daily regional averaged SO2 mass between the two instruments and near-unity regression slopes (0.76–0.97). The annual averaged SO2 loading differences between OMI and OMPS are small (< 0.03 Dobson unit (DU) over South Africa and up to 0.1 DU over eastern China). We also found a very good correlation (r = 0. 92–0.97) in the spatial distribution of annual averaged SO2 between OMI and OMPS over the three regions during 2012–2015. The emissions from ∼ 400 SO2 sources calculated with the two instruments also show a very good correlation (r = ∼ 0.9) in each year during 2012–2015. OMPS-detected SO2 point source emissions are slightly lower than those from OMI, but OMI–OMPS differences decrease with increasing strength of source. The OMI–OMPS SO2 mass differences on a pixel by pixel (daily) basis in each region can show substantial differences. The two instruments have a spatial correlation coefficient of 0.7 or better on < ∼ 50 % of the days. It is worth noting that consistent SO2 retrievals were achieved without any explicit adjustments to OMI or OMPS radiance data and that the retrieval agreement may be further improved by introducing a more comprehensive Jacobian lookup table than is currently used.
231Pa and 230Th in the ocean model of the Community Earth System Model (CESM1.3)
Authors: Gu Sifan , Liu Zhengyu
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Sediment 231Pa/230Th activity ratio is emerging as an important proxy for deep ocean circulation in the past. In order to allow for a direct model-data comparison and to improve our understanding of sediment 231Pa/230Th activity ratio, we implement 231Pa and 230Th in the ocean component of the Community Earth System Model (CESM). In addition to the biotic 231Pa and 230Th that is fully coupled with the active marine ecosystem module, another form of abiotic 231Pa and 230Th have also been implemented with prescribed particle flux fields of the present climate. The comparison of the two forms of 231Pa and 230Th helps to isolate the influence of the particle fluxes from that of circulation. Under present day climate forcing, our model is able to simulate water column 231Pa and 230Th activity and sediment 231Pa/230Th activity ratio in good agreement with available observations. For past climate, our model is able to simulate a comparable magnitude of the change of sediment 231Pa/230Th activity ratio between the state with and without active AMOC in reconstruction. In addition, in hosing experiments, the biotic and abiotic sediment 231Pa/230Th activity ratios behave similarly over large areas of low productivity, but can differ substantially in some regions of high productivity, indicating the importance of biological productivity in addition to physical circulation. Therefore, our model provides a potentially powerful tool to help our interpretation of sediment 231Pa/230Th reconstructions and to improve our understanding of past ocean circulation and climate changes.
Dynamics of the Hadley circulation in an axisymmetric model undergoing stratification periodic forcing
Authors: Tartaglione Nazario
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The time-dependent response of the Hadley circulation to a periodic forcing is explored via a simplified nonlinear axisymmetric model. Thermal forcing towards a given equilibrium potential temperature drives the model atmosphere. The vertical stratification of this temperature is forced to become periodically neutral with a period t0. Simulations performed with values of t0 ranging from 10 to 90 days exhibit stronger circulation compared to the results of a constant thermal forcing experiment. As the period increases, a transition occurs first from a stationary regime, obtained when forcing is constant, to a periodic (and possibly quasi-periodic) regime, and then to an intermittent regime, albeit one with a strong periodic component. The stream-function response to periodic forcing is generally a periodic oscillation, with two main frequencies dominating: one with a period equal or close to the forcing period and another with a period that is half of the forcing period. The former is dominant for values of t0 larger than 30 days, whereas the latter is prevalent for t0 smaller than 30 days. The periodic oscillations obtained in this model may be associated with the periodic oscillations observed in the tropical regions. In this case the periodic charge and discharge of moisture in the tropical atmosphere, with consequent change of stratification, may be linked to those oscillations. In the model, at forcing periods of over 63 days the response of the stream function periodically enters into a quasi-intermittent regime, exhibiting high-frequency chaotic oscillations that are modulated by the slow timescale of forcing. Sensitivity experiments for model parameters and configuration were performed to check whether results obtained are still valid under different conditions. Although for small changes of parameters the results are still valid, when parameters depart from the prescribed ones, we can observe change in the Hadley circulation dynamics.
Mapping and inventorying active rock glaciers in the northern Tien Shan of China using satellite SAR interferometry
Authors: Wang Xiaowen , Liu Lin , Zhao Lin , Wu Tonghua , Li Zhongqin , Liu Guoxiang
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Rock glaciers are widespread in the Tien Shan. However, rock glaciers in the Chinese part of the Tien Shan have not been systematically investigated for more than 2 decades. In this study, we propose a new method that combines SAR interferometry and optical images from Google Earth to map active rock glaciers (ARGs) in the northern Tien Shan (NTS) of China. We compiled an inventory that includes 261 ARGs and quantitative information about their locations, geomorphic parameters, and downslope velocities. Our inventory shows that most of the ARGs are moraine-derived (69 %) and facing northeast (56 %). The altitude distribution of ARGs in the western NTS is significantly different from those located in the eastern part. The downslope velocities of the ARGs vary significantly in space, with a maximum of about 114 cm yr−1 and a mean of about 37 cm yr−1. Using the ARG locations as a proxy for the extent of alpine permafrost, our inventory suggests that the lowest altitudinal limit for the presence of permafrost in the NTS is about 2500–2800 m, a range determined by the lowest ARG in the entire inventory and by a statistics-based estimation. The successful application of the proposed method would facilitate effective and robust efforts to map rock glaciers over mountain ranges globally. This study provides an important dataset to improve mapping and modeling permafrost occurrence in vast western China.
Modelling present-day basal melt rates for Antarctic ice shelves
using a parametrization of buoyant meltwater plumes
Authors: Lazeroms Werner M. J. , Jenkins Adrian , Gudmundsson G. Hilmar , van de Wal Roderik S. W.
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Basal melting below ice shelves is a major factor in the decline of the Antarctic ice sheet, which can contribute significantly to possible future sea-level rise. Therefore, it is important to have an adequate description of the basal melt rates for use in ice-dynamical models. Most current ice models use rather simple parametrizations based on the local balance of heat between ice and ocean. In this work, however, we use a recently derived parametrization of the melt rates based on a buoyant meltwater plume travelling upward beneath an ice shelf. This plume parametrization combines a nonlinear ocean temperature sensitivity with an inherent geometry dependence, which is mainly described by the grounding-line depth zgl and the local slope α of the ice-shelf base. For the first time, this type of parametrization is evaluated on a two-dimensional grid covering the entire Antarctic continent. In order to apply the essentially one-dimensional parametrization to realistic ice-shelf geometries, we present an algorithm that determines effective values for zgl and α for any point beneath an ice shelf. Furthermore, since detailed knowledge of temperatures and flow patterns in the ice-shelf cavities is sparse or absent, we construct an effective ocean temperature field from observational data with the purpose of matching (area-averaged) melt rates from the model with observed present-day melt rates. The result is a realistic map of basal melt rates around Antarctica, not only in terms of average values, but also in terms of the spatial pattern, with high melt rates typically occurring near the grounding line. The plume parametrization and the effective temperature field are therefore promising tools for future simulations of the Antarctic ice sheet.
Leibniz y la noción de sustancia corpórea en el período medio (1677-1695)
Authors: Fazio Rodolfo
Published: April 2017

En el presente trabajo analizamos la reforma que Leibniz propone entre 1677 y 1695 en la noción de cuerpo y, a partir de ello, esclarecemos el concepto de sustancia corpórea que presenta en esos años. En primer lugar, desarrollamos las críticas que esgrime contra la concepción geométrica del cuerpo propia de los filósofos modernos; en segundo lugar, examinamos los cambios que propone en dicha noción y su caracterización en clave de fuerza primitiva pasiva; en tercer lugar, estudiamos la definición hilemórfica de la sustancia corpórea que ofrece y evaluamos el lugar que ella ocupa en su esquema metafísico.
The common ground for sustainable urbanism in the case of Doha
Authors: Sabour Eman Abdel
Published: April 2017

Doha, like most of the Gulf States' cities, has evolved dramatically to the global city model due to the oil economy, thereby experiencing a massive urban evolution and creating mega urban development projects that are inattentive to sustainability. Creating mega projects reflects different urban trends to fulfill the sustainable agenda. Sustainability, as a definition, is still vague, but the term survived the test of time. A large number of studies have conducted research on cities and how to change the development path to a more sustainable one. But sustainable urbanism cannot be reached if there is no standard definition of sustainability between different key players involved in the urbanization process. Between strategy and implementation, there is an apparent gap because there is no standard definition for sustainable urbanism. Recently, in Doha, some urban development has taken place, which claims to be viable. This study aims to evaluate these models through critical observation and analysis of the urban form and characteristic of these developments. It questions the level of applicability of such models to the context of Doha, and its urban revitalization process. First, the study documents the milestones of the sustainable urbanism strategy of Doha. Second, it analyzes key projects and how sustainable urbanism was implemented. In this study, four projects are used to compare the sustainable urbanism definition about strategy and implementation process. The aim of this paper is to highlight a common definition of sustainable urbanism for Doha, highlighting the challenges of policy and implementation. Finally, it compares the policy with the application to a more standard definition of sustainable urbanism appropriate to the Doha context. The paper argues that creating a common urban sustainability definition will narrow the gap between implementation and strategy. It concludes with recommendation guidelines to repost sustainable urbanism in the case of Doha.
Investigating algal CO2 capture through screening of Qatari desert microalgae & cyanobacteria strains
Authors: Al Muraikhi Mariam , Schipper Kira , Saadaoui Imen , Al Jabri Hareb , Barbosa Maria J. , Wijffels Rene H.
Published: April 2017

CO2 fixation by phototrophic microalgae has been addressed as a possible global carbon emissions reducer, whilst simultaneously producing useful products. Especially in Qatar, the prospect of using microalgae for CO2 abatement is promising: high solar irradiance, large areas of non-arable land, and large amounts of CO2 emissions make it seemingly the ideal place for algae cultivation. In order to promote high biomass productivities, and subsequent CO2 uptake rates, effective CO2 supply to the cultivation system is of high importance. However, the low solubility of CO2 in water, as well as the limiting tolerance of microalgae to increased CO2 concentrations, results in low efficiency of CO2 capture by microalgal production systems. In order to overcome these hurdles, this research focused on selecting local desert microalgae strains with high tolerance to increased CO2 levels, and developing growth media in order to increase the solubility of CO2. Forty-five locally isolated marine microalgae strains were screened for growth under increased CO2 concentrations, ranging from 0.04% to 30% (v/v). A number of different trends in CO2 tolerance could be identified from the results; a number of strains showed a clear inhibition of growth with CO2 concentrations of 5% and higher, whilst others showed increasing growth rates for increasing CO2 concentrations up to 30%. The trend in growth rate suggests that even higher CO2 concentration could be applied without growth-limiting effects, and could even stimulate higher growth-rates. In order to further increase the productivity of high CO2-tolerant strains, as well as to investigate the effects of pH on the CO2 tolerance of low-tolerant strains, various strains were cultivated in alkaline media and high CO2 concentrations. Besides leading to an increased solubility of CO2 in the culture media, increasing the pH is thought to balance the acidification effect of CO2 – possibly leading to higher CO2 tolerances. Overall, applying these strains and media adaptations for large-scale applications is expected to increase the CO2 transfer efficiency to the culture, resulting in decreased operational costs and higher overall productivities.
ورش عمل الجمعية المصرية للمكتبات والمعلومات والارشيف دراسة تقييمة للاعتماد
Authors: جمال مجاهد أماني
Published: April 2017

تسعي الجمعية المصرية للمكتبات والمعلومات والارشيف لخدمة قطاع المهنيين والمتخصصين في مصر والعالم العربي عن طريق اتاحة ورش العمل والدورات التدريبية وتأهيل العاملين مع تكوين كادر يلاحق ما هو جديد في المجال ويسعي لسد الثغرات المعرفية التي يولدها التطور المتلاحق وعدم قدرة البرامج التعليمية بأقسام المكتبات والمعلومات لملاحقة الجديد والحديث في التخصص.

وقد قامت الجمعية المصرية للمكتبات والمعلومات والأرشيف بوضع خطة منهجية واضحة للتدريب وتهدف لتأهيل جميع العاملين في مجال المكتبات والمعلومات والمعرفة لمواجهة التطور السريع في المجال ومواجهة التحديثات في شتى القطاعات.

يهدف هذا البحث لرصد الورش التدريبية التي تم التخطيط لها من جانب مجلس إدارة الجمعية المصرية للمكتبات والمعلومات والأرشيف وقطاع المتخصصين المستهدف لهذه الورش منذ بداية تولي مجلس اللإدارة الحالي لمسئولية إدارة الجمعية 2015-2016

ويسعي البحث للوصول لمدى رضى قطاع المتدربين المستهدف عن ما يتم تقديمه خلال ورش العمل والتغذية المردته لهم، حتى نستطيع عمل تطوير لما يتم تقديمة من مادة علمية وتطويرها لتلائم احتياجات سوق العمل ومتطلباته طمعا في اعتماد الدورات وورش العمل في مجال العمل والتخصص وهذا التقييم سوف يقودنا لنتائج عديدة تساعد الفئة المستهدفة من التدريب لتطوير ذاتها والعمل على ايجاد سبل وفرص عمل تلائم امكانات الشخص وتطلعاته

ونطلع في هذا البحث للخروج بتوصيات بوضع خطة تدريبية عريضة تخدم قطاع المكتبات والمعلومات والارشيف في الوطن العربي تنفذ عبر الجمعيات المهنية في المجال حتى يستطيع المهني العربي أن يطور من أداءه في المجال.

‫كلمات مفتاحية‬‪:‬ الجمعية المصرية للمكتبات والمعلومات والأرشيف، الورش التدريبية، الدورات التدريبية ، ورش العمل ، تقييم الورش التدريبية‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬
Effect of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis serostatus on carcass weight and conformation and fat cover scores
Authors: Mato Ivan , Pesqueira Natividad , Factor Camino , Camino Fernando , Sanjuán María L , Yus Eduardo , Diéguez Francisco J.
Published: April 2017

The paper was designed to assess the influence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection status of cows at culling (antibody positive vs negative) on carcass traits: weight and conformation and fat cover scores. A generalized least squares linear model was used to assess the influence of MAP on weight. Subsequently, a random effects logistic regression was completed in order to model the relation between MAP and conformation score (fair vs poor carcasses). A random effects ordered logistic model was used to estimate the influence on fat cover. The results indicated that seropositives had carcass weights 58.45 (34.65-83.35) kg lower than seronegatives. Regarding conformation score, the odds of having poor conformation instead of fair was 3.85 (1.35-11.85) times higher in seropositives. The odds of seropositives achieving a higher fat cover was approximately 5 (1.41-9.09) times lower than the odds for seronegatives. The estimated effects could be useful when assessing the economic benefits of a paratuberculosis control program.