bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oxidation of Alcohols in Continuous Flow with a Solid Phase Hypervalent Iodine Catalyst
Authors: Bensberg Kathrin , Savvidis Athanasios , Ballaschk Frederic , Gómez-Suárez Adrián , Kirsch Stefan F.
Published: October 2023

One of the most useful transformations in the synthetic chemist arsenal is the oxidation of alcohols to their corresponding carbonyl congeners. Despite its seemingly straightforward nature, this transformative reaction predominantly relies on the use of metals or hazardous reagents, making these processes highly unsustainable. To address this challenge, we have developed a sustainable metal-free method for the oxidation of alcohols in continuous flow. Using a solid phase hypervalent iodine catalyst and nBu4HSO5 as a phase transfer catalyst and co-oxidant, primary and secondary alcohols were selectively oxidized to the corresponding carbonyl motifs. This operationally simple continuous-flow set-up is highly robust (15 cycles run without significant catalyst leaching or loss of reaction efficiency), uses green solvents, such as acetonitrile or acetic acid, and is readily scalable.
3D-printed device for DNA fragmentation prior liquid biopsy testing
Authors: Hrušková Helena , Řemínek Roman , Minárik Marek , Foret František
Published: October 2023

Direct detection of DNA in complex biological samples relates to several problems regarding the selectivity and sensitivity of analyses. Therefore, DNA pre-extraction from biofluids is an emerging tool in biologically related fields. Specifically, a newly developing family of liquid biopsy techniques using PCR detection of circulating tumor DNA from blood serum or blood plasma could be significantly improved by the harnessing of fast and high-throughput DNA sample preparation. For these reasons, we have developed a 3D-printed device and a method based on gel electrophoresis for the preparative separation of DNA fragments from blood. The introduced system successfully eliminated large DNA fragments from the samples. Recovery for short DNA fragments was reaching up to 80%. The developed method was tested on complex biological matrices as blood plasma and blood serum spiked with DNA standard, and it significantly alleviated the signal of matrix DNA.
Exploring the substantial diversity of pesticide products
Authors: Straw Edward , Stanley Dara
Published: October 2023

To understand the impacts of pesticides on non-targets, it is important to understand what pesticide products are authorised for use. Different pesticide formulations with the same active ingredient can pose different risks to non-target organisms due to the inclusion of co-formulants which can modify their toxicity. We collated datasets from the United Kingdom (UK) and Ireland containing information on all the authorised pesticide products (pesticide formulations and adjuvants). We reveal that there are 2,463 pesticide formulations authorised for use by professionals in the UK, representing 266 active ingredients. We also collated information on amateur pesticide formulations, finding 520 authorised in the UK, and adjuvants (separate products added to a tank mix to alter the spray action), finding 298 authorised in the UK. Although we focus on the UK dataset, the same overall trends are mirrored in the Irish data. For the first time we have brought together data on the diversity of pesticides on sale in the UK and Ireland.
In vivo photocontrol of orexin receptors with a nanomolar light-regulated analogue of orexin-B
Authors: Prischich Davia , Sortino Rosalba , Gomila-Juaneda Alexandre , Matera Carlo , Guardiola Salvador , Nepomuceno Diane , Varese Monica , Bonaventure Pascal , de Lecea Luis , Giralt Ernest , Gorostiza Pau
Published: October 2023

Orexinergic neurons are critically involved in regulating arousal, wakefulness, and appetite. Their dysfunction has been associated with sleeping disorders, and non-peptide drugs are currently being developed to treat insomnia and narcolepsy. Yet, no light-regulated agents are available to reversibly control their activity. To meet this need, a photoswitchable peptide analogue of the endogenous neuroexcitatory peptide orexin-B was designed, synthesized, and tested in vitro and in vivo. This compound (photorexin) is the first photo-reversible ligand reported for orexin receptors. It allows dynamic control of activity in vitro (including full agonism, nanomolar activity, and subtype selectivity to human OX2 receptors) and in vivo in zebrafish larvae by direct application in water. Photorexin induces dose- and light-dependent changes in locomotion and a reduction in the successive induction reflex that is associated with sleep behavior. Molecular dynamics calculations indicate that trans and cis photorexins adopt similar bent conformations and that the only discriminant between their structures and activities is the positioning of the N-terminus at the extracellular region of the orexin receptor. Thus, our approach could be extended to a broad and important family of neuropeptides that share a “message-address” mechanism when binding to their cognate receptors.
Resiniferatoxin: Mechanism in Treating Osteoarthritis Pain and Slowing Osteoarthritis Progression, Safety, and Efficacy
Authors: Liu David
Published: October 2023

Resiniferatoxin is a diterpene found in E. resinifera and E. poissonii, and is a more potent functional analog of capsaicin. Resiniferatoxin provides pain relief by binding as an agonist to transient vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1), a nociceptive ion channel. Resiniferatoxin targets the TRPV1 channel and activates it, allowing calcium cations to flow in and desensitize the TRPV1 receptors, producing an analgesic effect. Resiniferatoxin was recently designated as a Breakthrough Therapy by the FDA for the treatment of the pain caused by knee osteoarthritis, a common degenerative joint disease caused by aging, joint injury, and obesity. Studies suggest that osteoarthritis is linked with chronic inflammation through a cycle of injury, inflammation, and repair. Multiple studies involving TRPV1 agonists have shown anti-inflammatory properties, presenting TRPV1 agonists as a potential inhibitor for the progression of osteoarthritis. This review highlights the mechanism of resiniferatoxin in treating pain caused by knee osteoarthritis, its potential in treating inflammation in osteoarthritis, its efficacy, and its safety.
Studies on a Type III Atropisomeric Colchicine Analog Enabled by an Intermolecular Oxidopyrylium (5 + 2) Cycloaddition/Reductive Ring-Opening Sequence
Authors: Bejcek Lauren , Eli Orugbani , Lyubibova Anastasiya , Kapkayeva Diana , Nafie Jordan , Beutler John , Gallicchio Emilio , Sackett Dan , Murelli Ryan
Published: October 2023

Colchicine is one of the oldest known microtubule-targeting agents, and the development of clinically viable colchicine binding site inhibitors (CBSIs) remains of high interest to the medicinal chemistry community. Colchicine’s binding to tubulin is the result of its biaryl methoxytropone-trimethoxybenzene system (called the AC ring), which binds in a preferred aR conformation. In the natural source, this axial chiral form is favored thermodynamically by approximately 3 kcal/mol as a result of nearby point chirality on its B ring, and without this point chirality the AC ring will racemize within minutes to hours at room temperature (∆G ~ 22 kcal/mol, t1/2, 298K ~ 30 min). Herein, we describe the synthesis and evaluation of a novel acyclic AC analog of colchicine that is highly stable to epimerization based not on thermodynamic stabilization, but rather a high rotational barrier energy (∆G‡ = 31.2 kcal/mol, t1/2, 298K ~ 300 y). Access to this molecule, as well as several structural homologs, was enabled through the development of a convenient intermolecular oxidopyrylium (5 + 2) cycloaddition/reductive ring-opening approach from 3-hydroxy-4-pyrones. Profiling and characterization of the dihedral angles were carried out computationally and experimentally using vibrational circular dichroism (VCD), demonstrating that the ground state dihedral angles of the new molecules differ significantly from colchicine and MTC. However, despite this difference, the molecule retained anti-cancer, tubulin-binding, and tubulin polymerization inhibitory activity.
Tailoring the facet distribution on copper with chloride
Authors: Mazaira-Couce Pedro , Kongstad Madsen Thor , Plaza-Mayoral Elena , Høgh Kristoffersen Henrik , Chorkendorff Ib , Nicole Dalby Kim , van der Stam Ward , Rossmeisl Jan , Escudero-Escribano María , Sebastián Pascual Paula
Published: October 2023

Electrocatalytic reactions are sensitive to the catalyst surface structure. Therefore, finding methods to determine and quantify active surface sites with different geometry is essential to address the structure-electrocatalytic performance relationships. In this work, we propose a simple methodology to tune and quantify the surface structure on copper catalysts. We tailor the distribution and ratio of facets on copper by electrochemically oxidizing and reducing the surface in chloride-rich aqueous solutions. We then address the formation of new facets with voltammetric lead (Pb) underpotential deposition (UPD). We first record the voltammetric lead UPD on different single facets, which have intense peaks at different potential values. We use this data to decouple each facet peak-contribution in the lead (Pb) UPD curves of the tailored and multifaceted copper surfaces and quantify the geometry of the active sites. We combine experiments with density functional theory (DFT) calculations to assess the ligand effect of chloride anions on the copper facet distribution during the surface oxidation/electrodeposition treatment. Our experiments and Wulff constructions suggest that chloride preferentially adsorbs on the (310) facet, reducing the number of (111) sites and inducing the growth of (310) or n(100)x(110) domains. Our work provides a tool to correlate active sites with copper geometries, which is needed to assess the structure-performance relationships in electrocatalysis. We also demonstrate an easy method for selectively tailoring the facet distribution of copper, which is essential to design a well-defined nanostructured catalyst.
Sleeve gastrectomy versus endoscopic intragastric balloon in decreasing weight and associated comorbidities in Erbil city: A comparative study
Authors: Saeed Ahmed Baderkhan
Published: October 2023

Background: Surgical obesity treatment is difficult for both surgeons and patients. The three main categories of bariatric surgery procedures are malabsorptive, restrictive, or both in combination. Intragastric balloon (IB) is an easily applicable restrictive interventional and nonsurgical strategy for obese patients, and the surgical procedure known as laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is frequently used to help obese patients decrease weight.

Objective: To assess and compare these two restrictive approaches.

Patients and Methods: A prospective study of 138 LSG patients was conducted, (n=82) and IB (n=56) between 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2021 in private hospitals in Erbil, Iraq. The study retrospectively evaluates patients' demographic information, changes in total body weight (TBW), changes in body mass index (BMI), and percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL), morbidities and change of comorbidities during a year of follow-up, at months 1, 3, 6, and 12 after surgery. Comparative analysis was undertaken for the follow-up results after 6 and 12 months.

Results: In the IB group, 12 patients did not tolerate insertion, leaving 56; in the LSG group, 82 patients completed treatment. In terms of age (p=0.121), gender (p=0.242), and BMI (p=0.078), there were no statistical differences between the IB and LSG groups. The LSG group achieved statistically significant superior treatment outcomes in terms of changes in TBW, BMI, and %EWL.

Conclusion: Both LSG and IB are beneficial in the short term for helping obese patients lose weight. IB has the benefit of being performed as an outpatient procedure with less complications, but it is less successful in helping people lose weight than LSG. The best options for various patient groups in terms of clinical outcomes and health system effectiveness must be determined through prospective, randomized control studies.
Molecular detection of blaTEM, blaSHV,and blaCTX-M genes among Uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from cases with urinary tract infection in Erbil city-Iraq
Authors: K Ahmed , Kharman , A Hawezy Aumed
Published: October 2023

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most popular type of diagnosed bacterial illness, and the most frequent cause of bacteria responsible for UTIs is Escherichia coli (E. coli). β-lactamases are the most frequent resistance for gram-negative bacteria to beta-lactam antibiotics, especially in E. coli. The number of patients infected by extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) producing E. coli was rising and regarded as a significant global health problem.

Objective: evaluate how frequently blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M genes were detected in E. coli isolated from UTIs.

Patients and Methods: We collected 54 midstream urine samples from patients with symptomatic UTIs, in all age groups, from the outpatient department in Erbil hospitals from October 1, 2021 to April 1, 2022 for the isolation of E. coli. All samples were analyzed for the detection of blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX genes using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.

Results: Most of the samples were taken from females (61.11%); according to their ages, they were divided into two groups, and most of the samples (74.07%) were taken from patients below 40 years old. PCR testing for all ESBL-producing E. coli isolate samples revealed that 16S rRNA 797 was the most frequently detected gene in all analyzed samples (100%), while it was less frequently detected in blaCTX 585 (48.15%).

Conclusion: Colonization with S. aureus and MRSA inversely correlated with younger This found that elevated ESBL genes in E. coli isolated from symptomatic UTIs in our community increase the risk of possible resistance.
Incidence and Risk Factors of Post-Thyroidectomy Stridor
Authors: Salih Abdul-Zahra, Aziz , Hameed Abd Al-Helfy , Sajid , Abass Abdulhassan Bashar
Published: October 2023

Background: Thyroidectomy is a common procedure performed by the general surgeons. Stridor is an airway sign caused by a variety of post-thyroidectomy complications.

Objective: To determine the incidence of post-thyroidectomy stridor and the risk factors associated with its occurrence.

Patients and Methods: The study included 280 adult patients who had total or partial thyroidectomy performed by various surgeons. Patients were followed up for 6 months after they were discharged from the hospital. Data collected included demographic information, type of thyroid disease, duration of illness before surgery, type of surgery, number of intubation attempts, and the presence of hoarseness and hematoma post-operatively.

Results: Only eighteen patients (6.43%) who underwent thyroidectomy developed stridor during the follow-up period. They were compared to 25 other patients who were chosen from the original sample based regular visit of patients during the follow up. Higher body mass index (BMI), bilateral thyroidectomy, presence of concomitant hoarseness and hematoma, and more than one attempt at intubation were all associated with an increased risk of post-thyroidectomy stridor.

Conclusion: Stridor affects only a small percentage of patients undergoing thyroidectomy. Increased BMI, bilateral thyroidectomy, presence of concomitant hoarseness and hematoma, and frequent tracheal intubation are the most common risk factors for post-thyroidectomy stridor.
Postoperative Bowel and Urinary Dysfunction of Sacrococcygeal Teratoma
Authors: Sabah Perdawd Salar
Published: October 2023

Background: Teratomas are composed of multiple tissues foreign to the organ or site from which they arise. Although teratomas are sometimes defined as having three embryonic layers (endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm), and are generally divided into gonadal and extragonadal types. The most common extragonadal type being sacrococcygeal teratomas which constitute the most prevalent childhood germ-cell cancers.

Objective: To assess   postoperative bowel and urinary dysfunction in babies with sacrococcygeal teratomas

Patients and Methods: 23 patients having sacrococcygeal teratomas were received at the time between May  2014 to September 2022 at the department of pediatric surgery in Raparen Teaching Hospital in Erbil city.All recorded data from case note, operation notes together with demographic data and operative details obtained and recorded . The follow-up time span was between  three months to seven years.

Results: The age range was from 1 day to 4year, (median 3 days) , Presenting features include posterior sacral mass in 17 cases (73.9%), pelviabdominal mass in 5 cases (21.7%), urinary retention in 4 cases (17.4%), palpable rectal mass in 2 cases 98.7%), intestinal obstruction in 1 case (4.3%), and constipation in 4 cases (17.4%). Eight cases (34.8%) were type I, 6 cases (26.1%) type II and III, and 3 cases (13%) were type IV. postoperative complications were wound infection in 4 patients (17.4%), constipation in 5 cases (21.7%), 1 (4.3%) ugly scar arranged for aesthetic operation, fistula 1(4.3%) case, recurrence in 1(4.3%).

Conclusion: Patients with sacrococcygeal teratoma were more likely to experience uncontrolled urination, difficulties emptying the bladder, pyelonephritis, and constipation than healthy children. Children with big and immature teratomas had a higher prevalence of dysfunctional outcomes.
Assessment of Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity Syndrome in Subjects Lived Near Mobile Phone Base Station: Gender Based Study
Authors: T Ibrahim, Ibrahim , M. Al-Deen, Suad , S.M. Al-Nimer, Marwan , Abdulkareem Yahya Ali
Published: October 2023

Background: Electromagnetic hypersensitivity syndrome (EHS) is subjective clinical ‎signs and symptoms caused by exposure to the electromagnetic field.

Objective: To show the gender distribution of each category of EHS in people who lived near the mobile ‎phone base station. ‎

Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in the  College of Medicine, University of Diyala. A total number of 196 individuals (128 men and 68 women) ‎lived within a 1500 m distance away from the mobile phone base station in the Diyala ‎province in the North East of Baghdad-Iraq included in the study. The authors ‎interviewed the participants and completed the EHS questionnaires.

Results: Participants reported high scores of sleep disturbances, anxiety, and mood ‎fluctuation compared with other complaints. Men had significantly higher scores of ‎transient deafness and migraine-like headache compared with women. There were no ‎significant differences between men and women with subjective signs and symptoms ‎related to the cardiovascular system or skin. Multi-variable linear regression data ‎revealed a significant correlation (R=0.253) between the total scores of EHS with the ‎age, distance from the base station, and the onset of the illnesses). ‎

Conclusion: We conclude that men who lived in the vicinity of the mobile phone base ‎station are significantly vulnerable to sleep disorder, anxiety, and fluctuation of ‎mood induced by electromagnetic radiation.
The role of magnetic resonance imaging technique in detection dentofacial pattern among Diyala Governorate population
Authors: Hakiem Tawfieq Ali
Published: October 2023

Background: Magnetic Resonance Imaging is accepted as the most advanced imaging modality for diagnosis of maxillofacial soft tissue abnormalities. It is noninvasive and has the potential to yield high quality tomographic imaging in any plane with bone as well as soft tissue spatial resolution. Additionally, the patient is not exposed to ionizing radiation or any biological hazards.

Objective: To determine the depth of masseter muscle in various vertical dentofacial shapes and to relate masseter muscle depth with craniofacial shapes using magnetic resonance imaging technique (MRI).

Patients and Methods: Thirty youthful, healthy people overall between the ages of 16 and 40 were chosen and divided into three groups of ten, using (MRI), categorize each as a vertical, average, and horizontal grower. The concepts masseter muscles had their different anatomical dimensions sagittal, axial, and coronal directions utilizing MRI perspectives.

Results: Our study found the difference is significant    when comparing between the growth patterns in both direction (horizontal and vertical)(p<0.05), also the direction of muscle fibers of masseter muscle (anterior and posterior) away from first molar to the zygomatic arch was saved. In contrast to the horizontal list, when the fibers are attached anteriorly and vertically at the jaw angle, we discovered in our research that the direction of the muscle fibers is toward the posterior side more than anterior side and at a sharper angle.

Conclusion: The study found that the muscle fibers in the extra posterior direction had a steeper angle than the horizontal group, with the vertical fiber orientation having an anterior connection at the angle of the mouth.
Food poisoning outbreak in prisoners
Authors: Khalid Abdullah , Mazin , Qader Salman , Marwa , Mahmood Rajab Ibraheem
Published: October 2023

Background: An outbreak of food poisoning was investigated in a prison in AL-Muradia area in Diyala in June 23, after poisoning cases was reported to the primary health care center of the area on June 22, 2022.

Objective: To determine the cause of food poisoning outbreak among the inmates.

Patients and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a prison in AL-Muradia area in Diyala in June 23 and the data has been collected using a questionnaire developed by the researcher and filled out by direct interview with all individuals who attended meals, all person in that prison were interviewed and traced back every meal served in the last two days before the investigation.

Results: All people who had interviewed, (12) reported to have a common meal in afternoon of 21-June 2022, with age mean of 33.5+_ 6 SD. (5) of them met the probable case definition of food poisoning, and the first two cases had the onset of symptoms within 12hr. of the exposure, the last case experienced a symptom was after 24 hr., all cases had fever and headache followed by diarrhea (80%), nausea and abdominal pain (60%) and vomiting (40%). The meal items were canned meat, canned tuna, grilled chicken, apricot, plum and yogurt, the highest relative risk was for tuna (RR=4) with risk difference of (50%)

Conclusion: The food item responsible for the outbreak was canned tuna. Based on the incubation period, symptoms and the unhealthy storage of food suggested that canned tuna could be contaminated with salmonella spp.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Dysprosium Lanthanide Complex with Azo Ligand
Authors: Basheer Hussein , Kamaran , Sabah Sabir Sangar
Published: October 2023

Background: The present study describes complex reaction between 4-(2-Thiazolylazo)resorcinol (TAR) and Dy(III) metal ion. The TAR compound is known to form coloured chelates with various  lanthanide metal ions . Researches done in the field of azo complexes is relatively little.

Objective: To Dysprosiumchloride was selected as a metallic salt, coordination complex of Dy(III) with TAR ligand were prepared, Dysprosium metal ion get  chelates as it react  with TAR. It’s been recognized for along interval of time that the azo group has the ability to develop a coordinate fitting  with metal ions. Dy(III) complex was identified via FT-IR , UV-Vis. spectroscopy and  measuring the electrical properties. The purpose of the research applied in the field of dyes

Patients and Methods: The complex [Dy(TAR)2].Cl have been characterized by elemental analysis (CHN). TAR ligand and its complex were further studied using 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR techniques. Spectra of this complex shows that the TAR compound behaves as a tridentate manner via (ONN) atoms .

Results: The antibacterial activity of free ligand and so Dy(III) complex were investigated .The composition of the chelate was found to be 1:2 (M:L) .Dy(III) metal ion was six coordinate the analytical results of the complex show the ratio of stoichiometry and complex showed octahedral geometry around metal ion .

Conclusion: All results indicates that the Dy complex have the chemical formula [Dy(TAR)2].Cl The overall number of points of attachment to the central element is termed the coordination number.The study of biological activity shows that the complex is more effective than the ligand.
Evaluating symptoms of chronic rhino sinusitis and most common sinuses affected
Authors: Jaafar Khalaf Qays
Published: October 2023

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis is a common condition that significantly affect the quality of life, high health-care consumption and significant comorbidity.

Objective: To investigate and identify the symptoms that are most often experienced by people with chronic rhinosinusitis.

Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we conducted one hundred patients complaining of chronic rhinosinusitis presented to the outpatient clinic for otolaryngology at Baquba teaching hospital; the patients were chosen randomly. A careful clinical examination following comprehensive history taking done for all of the patients. All patient's main complaint were nasal airway obstruction, nasal discharge, and anosmia. In addition to a clinical evaluation, a computed tomography (CT) scan of the nose and paranasal sinuses was performed,. And Diagnostic nasal endoscopy

Results: The population under investigation had a mean age of 35 years and was mostly comprised of males. The majority of patients in this study reported a common symptoms, including nasal congestion (72%), headache (68%), and rhinorrhea (mucus discharge) (58%)

Conclusion: Chronic rhinosinusitis is characterised by a set of symptoms that, if caught early, may be diagnosed and treated effectively.
Contributors to the neonate’s death in the intensive care unit
Authors: Mustafa Kamal , Ahmed , Zuhair Naama , Khalid , Subhi Talab Hossam
Published: October 2023

Background: Iraq had the third-greatest neonatal mortality rate in the Middle East in 2021 with 14 fatalities per 1,000 live births.                                        

Objective: To investigate factors contributing to poor outcomes in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Patients and Methods: A retrospective cohort study conducted between 1 April to 31 September 2022 involved 632 neonates. Required data and outcomes were collected using predesigned forms.

Results: The mortality rate in NICU was 23.9%, with 64.9% of deaths occurring within the first six days. The overall mortality rate was 38.5 per 1000 live births. Deceased neonates had significantly lower gestational age and birth weight (P<0.001). Prematurity, respiratory distress syndrome, and congenital anomalies contributed to 94%, 73.5%, and 20.5% of deaths respectively. Mortality was significantly higher in patients with RDS 111(56.3%; P<0.001), pulmonary hemorrhage nine (100%; P<0.001), sepsis 26 (74.3%; P<0.001), and chorioamnionitis nine (100%, P=0.002). Newborns delivered vaginally had a 4.11 times higher likelihood of poor outcomes compared to cesarean deliveries.

Conclusion: Most NICU deaths resulted from prematurity and respiratory distress syndrome. Enhancing healthcare personnel skills, standardizing protocols, and evidence-based practices for preterm and respiratory 0distress syndrome management can help reduce neonatal mortality rates in Iraq.
Quality changes on petis rempah during storage
Authors: Sumardianto  , Rubiyanti S. , Alphinaro A.G.G. , Purnamayati L. , Rianingsih L.
Published: October 2023

Petis is a component in Indonesian and Malay cuisine made from the byproduct of
processing pindang which is heated until the liquid becomes thick like a more
concentrated sauce. Petis is usually used as a food seasoning. Petis usually have a very
strong aroma and taste so they usually need to be reseasoned before consumption.
Currently on the market, petis products are developing to be ready to eat product with the
addition of spices. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality changes of petis
rempah (spices petis) on the chemical characteristics (aw, pH, proximate, total acid and
TVBN), physical characteristics (viscosity and color), microbiological characteristics
(TPC), and sensory of petis during storage in room temperature (weeks 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4).
The basic design used in this study was a completely randomized design. Data were
analyzed using ANOVA and if significantly different, further tested using HSD. The data
from this study showed that the longer the storage time, the lower the quality of the spice
paste. The spice paste was rejected by consumers in the third week of storage. Storage
time for 3 weeks showed a decrease in quality based on the average value of the
parameters tested. Aw has a stable value at 0.8-0.9. pH decreased from 7.25 to 6.73. The
water content increased from 39.49% to 43.91%, the protein content decreased from
8.02% to 7.24%. Total acid increased from 0.51% to 0.98%. TVBN increased from 16.18
mg/100 g to 24.82 mg/100 g. Viscosity decreased from 166019.67 cp to 128847.00 cp.
Colors experience a decrease in both L*, a *, and b * values. TPC increased from 2.93
CFU/g to 3.50 CFU/g, and sensory decreased from 8.60 to 6.89. Storage for 4 weeks
showed a decrease in the quality of the spice paste.
The Primary Health Care Services in a Philippine Province
Authors: F. Malinay Leo
Published: October 2023

The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of primary health care (PHC) in selected municipalities in Batangas, focusing on various health programs. It involved 384 respondents from different municipalities. The questionnaire was the primary data collection instrument, validated by experts and based on national health programs provided by the Department of Health. The findings revealed that the majority of respondents were females aged 40 to 50, with a high school education, and primarily from Barangay Buli, Taal, Batangas. The effectiveness of PHC services varied across different health programs. Programs like maternal and child health, Expanded Program on Immunization, tuberculosis control, and dental health were considered effective. However, diarrheal disease and STD/AIDS prevention programs were rated less effective. Significant differences were observed when assessing the effectiveness of PHC services based on respondent profiles. Respondents aged 51 and above had a more positive view of PHC effectiveness, except for the Diarrheal Disease program. Females generally perceived PHC services as more effective than males, except for specific programs. Educational attainment also influenced the perceptions of effectiveness. Recommendations included requesting increased budget allocation, building facilities, and using social media for awareness campaigns to improve PHC services.The proposed action plan was suggested for future implementation and evaluation. Future research should explore the delivery of PHC services using different variables, specifically focusing on service delivery in PHC.Keywords: Primary health care; Health programs; Effectiveness; Survey method
Strategies of Integrating of Physical Education and Academics
Authors: He Qi
Published: October 2023

The new goal and approach to physical education teaching in vocational colleges is to promote the development of students’ moral, intellectual, physical, artistic, and practical skills. To achieve this, physical education should be integrated with academics. Therefore, we analyzed the existing problems and their causes in our college’s physical education teaching and developed basic reform ideas that incorporated physical education into academic education, interspersed physical education with academic education, and co-constructed the physical and academic education based on actual teaching experiences. Besides, each school should be given adequate physical education resources, and the management methods and regulations for physical education courses should be optimized. The integrated physical education curriculum system and content should also be improved and various extracurricular activities should be carried out. In addition, a new course evaluation index should be established, which will be used to determine new teaching goals and methods.
Missed opportunities to prevent hypertension at a tertiary care centre in Pakistan
Authors: Jahangeer Syed Muhammad Ashraf , Bhatti Shehzeen Dua , Hammad Muhammad , Devi Uooja , Kumar Ravesh
Published: October 2023

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, affecting ~1.28 billion adults, and ~46% of these adults are not aware of their condition. One-third of patients do not receive appropriate care for their cardiovascular disease. Aim: To identify missed opportunities to prevent cardiovascular disease and its associated risk factors. Methods: This study was conducted among 359 adult patients aged 18–77 years leaving the outpatient department of Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, during June to September 2020. We recorded their sociodemographic information, perceived duration of clinical consultation, body weight and height, and blood pressure. We investigated if their physicians obtained sufficient medical history, performed medical examination, or counselled them on cardiovascular disease risk factors. Data were analysed using SPSS version 24.0. Results: Almost all the participants (98%) had at least 1 risk factor for hypertension. Only 35.9% of those in the highrisk group with ≥ 3 risk factors received counselling from a physician about their hypertension, leaving a 37.6% missed opportunity rate. Conclusion: The frequency of missed opportunities for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, and the risk factors for hypertension were high among the study population. This was partly due to excess workload of the attending physicians; the outpatient departments were used more for the treatment of general ailments than for specialist and referral care. It is recommended to establish primary care clinics within the tertiary settings where cardiovascular risk factors can be evaluated and patients referred for appropriate care
Mangrove Tree Species Classification Based on Leaf, Stem, and Seed Characteristics Using Convolutional Neural Networks with K-Folds Cross Validation Optimalization
Authors: Farhan Fadillah , Sari Christy Atika , Rachmawanto Eko Hari , Cahyo Nur Ryan Dwi
Published: October 2023

Mangrove classification plays a pivotal role in environmental monitoring and conservation efforts. In this study, our meticulously curated dataset comprised diverse mangrove tree images standardized to 250 x 250 pixels, capturing the nuances of various species. Employing advanced deep learning techniques, our models demonstrated exceptional accuracy, reaching 99.23% without K-Folds and a slightly enhanced 99.78% with K-Folds. These models exhibited outstanding consistency, showcasing recall, precision, and F1-Score metrics all surpassing 99%. Through rigorous testing in 10 experiments, both K-Folds and non-K-Folds methods consistently achieved 100% accuracy, evidenced by the presence of True Positives in every classification scenario. This remarkable performance underscores the robustness of our algorithms in precisely classifying mangrove species, offering a valuable tool for ecological research and conservation initiatives.
Integrated Web-based Palu City Blood Donor Service Application Model Using ReactJS and ExpressJS
Authors: Jindan Muhammad , Ngemba Hajra Rasmita , Hendra Syaiful , Laila Rahmah , Syahrullah Syahrullah
Published: October 2023

Blood donation is an important activity in the medical world that requires efficient coordination between donors and recipients of blood donations so that blood needs are met. However, the blood donation process still needs to be improved because of the lack of donors and the difficulty of blood recipients to find donors. Using this problem, researchers designed and developed a web application that utilizes ReactJS as a frontend Library and ExpressJS as a backend framework. This application will help donors to register, make donor appointments, and access information related to blood donor activities. Admins can use this application to manage information and send notifications to donors. This research system development method needs analysis, system design, application implementation, and testing and evaluation. This research uses two tests, namely Blackbox and a questionnaire. The result of this research is an application system named Badonordarah that can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the blood donor service process in Palu City and make it easier for donors and blood recipients to interact
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS MATEMATIS SISWA SMP MUHAMMADIYAH 25 MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN MISSOURI MATHEMATICS PROJECT
Authors: Dalimunthe Adwiyah , Ariani Hrp Nurlina
Published: October 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana model pembelajaran Missouri Mathematics Project mempengaruhi kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa SMP Muhammadiyah 25 pada mata pelajaran matematika. Dalam penelitian ini, dua kelas-kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol-dilibatkan dalam desain eksperimen semu dengan menggunakan metodologi kuantitatif. Pengambilan sampel acak sederhana adalah metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan. Alat yang digunakan adalah tes kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa. Uji Anova digunakan untuk menilai data yang dikumpulkan. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa SMP Muhammadiyah 25 dapat ditingkatkan secara signifikan dengan menggunakan paradigma pembelajaran Missouri Mathematics Project. Hasil ini dapat membantu pendidik menciptakan strategi pengajaran yang lebih efektif yang meningkatkan kapasitas berpikir kritis matematis siswa
Tindak Pidana Plagiarisme Terhadap Desain Produk Ditinjau Dari Aspek Hak Asasi Manusia
Authors: Fajrina Rahma Melisha , Malik Kendall , Heruningrum Heruningrum
Published: October 2023

Abstract This research is a normative legal research that aims to analyze the relationship between the criminal act of plagiarism and product design in terms of human rights aspects. The results of this study are that the crime of plagiarism against product design is an act that is contrary to Law number 39 of 1999 concerning human rights. The act of appropriating a design by another person without the owner's permission is an act of usurping the right to human welfare. Therefore, this research was carried out so that product designers realize that plagiarism on the designs they produce is a deprivation of the right to welfare that they must have.Keywords: Plagiarism, product design, human rights
The Linear Algebra of (r, β)-Stirling Matrices
Authors: Engalan Genevieve B. , Latayada Mary Joy
Published: October 2023

This paper establishes the linear algebra of the $(r, \beta)$-Stirling matrix. Along the way, this paper derives various identities, such as its factorization and relationship to the Pascal matrix and the Stirling matrix of the second kind. Additionally, this paper develops a natural extension of the Vandermonde matrix, which can be used to study and evaluate successive power sums of arithmetic progressions.
Outer-Convex Hop Domination in Graphs Under Some Binary Operations
Authors: Isahac Al-Amin Y. , Hassan Javier , Laja Ladznar S. , Copel Hounam B.
Published: October 2023

Let G be a graph with vertex and edge sets V (G) and E(G), respectively. A set C ⊆ V (G) is called an outer-convex hop dominating if for every two vertices x, y ∈ V (G) \ C, the vertex set of every x−y geodesic is contained in V (G) \ C and for every a ∈ V (G) \ C, there exists b ∈ C such that dG(a, b) = 2. The minimum cardinality of an outer-convex hop dominating set of G, denoted by ̃γconh(G), is called the outer-convex hop domination number of G. In this paper, we generate some formulas for the parameters of some special graphs and graphs under some binary operations by characterizing first the outer-convex hop dominating sets of each of thesegraphs. Moreover, we establish realization result that identifies and determines the connection of this parameter with the standard hop domination parameter. It shows that given any graph, this new parameter is always greater than or equal to the standard hop domination parameter.
On Degenerate Laplace-type Integral Transform
Authors: Campos Harren , Fernandez Jezer , Natuil Jade Bong
Published: October 2023

This paper is motivated by the work of Taekyun Kim and Dae San Kim on the degenerate Laplace transform and degenerate gamma function, as published in the Russian Journal of Mathematical Physics. We introduce the degenerate Laplace-type integral transform and delve into its properties and interrelations. This paper focuses on the degenerate Laplace-type integral transforms of several fundamental functions, including the degenerate sine, degenerate cosine, degenerate hyperbolic sine, and degenerate hyperbolic cosine functions. Furthermore, we establish crucial connections between the degenerate Laplace-type integral transform and existing degenerate integral transforms. Specifically, we explore its relationships with the degenerate Laplace transform, the degenerate Elzaki transform, and the degenerate Sumudu transforms.
J-Domination in Graphs
Authors: Hassan Javier , Salim Jeffrey Imer
Published: October 2023

Let G be a graph. A subset D = {d1, d2, · · · , dm} of vertices of G is called a J-set ifNG[di] \ NG[dj ] ̸= ∅ for every i ̸= j, where i, j ∈ {1, 2, . . . , m}. A J-set is called a J-dominatingset of G if D = {d1, d2, . . . , dm} is a dominating set of G. The J-domination number of G, denotedby γJ (G), is the maximum cardinality of a J-dominating set of G. In this paper, we introducethis new concept and we establish formulas and properties on some classes of graphs and in joinof two graphs. Upper and lower bounds of J-domination parameter with respect to the order of agraph and other parameters in graph theory are obtained. In addition, we present realization resultinvolving this parameter and the standard domination. Moreover, we characterize J-dominatingsets in some classes of graphs and join of two graphs and finally determine the exact value of theparameter of each of these graphs.
The SL(2,R) Group Representations on Spaces of Holomorphic Functions on the Unit Disc
Authors: Alghamdi Amjad
Published: October 2023

We can realise the representations of the group SL(2,R) on the unit disc. This is due to an isomorphism between the group SL(2,R) and the group SU(1,1). The discrete series representations for the group SL(2,R)given by\pi_{n}(g)\varphi(z)=\varphi (\frac{d z-b}{a-cz} )(a-c z)^{-n},    where  n  is an integer number,is on the Bergman space where n>2 .Lang studies the discrete series on the group  in the upper half-plane and on the unit disc.  For n=1, the SL(2,R) representation is called the mock discrete series. The representation space of the mock discrete series is the Hardy space.In this article we describe the  SL(2,R) representation on the Dirichlet space.
Experimental Investigation into Natural Convection Heat Transfer inside Triangular Enclosure with Internal Hot Cylinder
Authors: Mohammed Akeel Abdullah , Mohammed Ansam Adil , Channapattanac Shylesha V.
Published: October 2023

Natural convection air heat transfer and fluid movement currents around a hot circular cylinder inside an inclined triangular enclosure has been analyzed experimentally. Three different sizes of an enclosure with a long side of 20, 25, and 30 cm, the thickness of 1 mm, and depth of 50 cm were used in the present work to give three radius ratios. The effect of Rayleigh number, radius ratio, the rotation angle of triangle enclosure, and the inclination angle of the apparatus with horizontal axis ? on the heat transfer process was investigated. The ranges of these parameters were: Rayleigh number from 5×106 to 2.5×108, radius ratio (0.345, 0.455, and 0.618), rotation angle (0o, 45o, and 90o), and inclination angle (0o, 45o and 90o). The results show that the heat transfer rates increase with increase in Rayleigh number and as the rotation angle of enclosure is changed from 0o to 90o. Moreover, the heat transfer rate increases linearly with Rayleigh number at higher radius at rotation angle 0o, 90o only. While, it increases slightly with Rayleigh number at rotation angle 45o. Additionally, the higher heat transfer rates occur at vertical position of enclosure inclination angle 90o and rotation angle 0o (the base of triangle at the bottom) and it decreases as inclination angle deviates from 90o to 0o. This behavior is reverse completely at higher radius ratio 0.618. Empirical correlations for the average Nusselt number has been found to depend on Rayleigh number., radius ratio, rotation angle and inclination angle.
A Comparative Study about Accuracy Levels of Resistance Temperature Detectors RTDs Composed of Platinum, Copper, and Nickel
Authors: Kako Salim
Published: October 2023

Platinum, copper, and nickel were founded the best metals used in resistance temperature detectors RTDs. They commonly used in laboratory and industrial applications because they provide accurate and reliable measurements in a wide temperature range from (- 200 to 850 °C).  They have high conductivity, sensitivity, and hardness to resist strain shock, pressure, and vibration.
The accuracy level of them depends on reliability, stability, repeatability, linearity, and response to time. This study aims to determine and compare the accuracy of these three metals in regarding to their features which include stability, repeatability, and response time. The study has gathered and analyzed the data of these suitable and precise metals and compared with each other.
The results showed that platinum is widely needed for RTDs due to its precision, stability, higher accuracy, and linearity output, while copper and nickel are not stable or repeatable as platinum. It was indicated that temperature coefficient of resistance TCR for nickel is bigger and for copper is medium, but for platinum is lower.
Macrozoobenthos of the Neman River within the borders of the Grodno region
Authors: Moroz M. D. , Vezhnovets V. V.
Published: October 2023

The species composition and abundance of macrozoobenthos of the Neman River within the borders of the Grodno region have been studied. A total of 165 identified lower detectable taxa (NOTES) of macrozoobenthos representatives belonging to 3 types of aquatic invertebrates were found: Mollusca – 30, Annelida – 12, and Arthropoda – 123 NOTES. Prior to the species, 119 taxonomic elements were detected. The average number of identified lower detectable taxa in the studied Neman River beds was 20.75 NOTES. The average number of macrozoobenthos representatives in the studied sections of the Neman River reached 857.5 specimens. Among the collected aquatic invertebrates, invasive species were identified – Lithoglyphus naticoides (Pfeiffer, 1828), Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771) and Orconectes limosus (Rafinesque, 1817). A rare species found in Belarus only for the third time is the mayfly Ametropus fragilis Albarda, 1878. Dragonflies Anax imperator Leach, 1815 and Gomphus flavipes Charpentier, 1825 were protected in Belarus and in a number of Western European countries.