bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Development of Communication Model for the Empowerment of Highly Poor Villages in Pangandaran Regency, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Yustikasari Y , Gemiharto I , Ayuningtyas F
Published: July 2021

Indonesia, as a developing country, still faces a never-ending problem of poverty. The effects of various development programs aimed at reducing poverty levels of Indonesia are only temporary. The number of poor in Indonesia has been fluctuating from year to year. It suggests that a new approach to overcoming poverty, especially in rural areas that estimated 67 percent of the poor in Indonesia, is required. The Government of Indonesia pays special attention to villages with high poverty levels or Highly Poor Villages. Reducing poverty in Highly Poor Villages requires different approaches because the population of each highly poor village is economically fragile and only depend on the government’s assistance. This study seeks to examine how a communication model for community empowerment is more suitable for residents in Highly Poor Villages. The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze how the communication model for community empowerment is more ideal for residents in the Highly Poor Villages, particularly in Pangandaran Regency. This study employed a descriptive qualitative method. The data collection techniques of this study were in-depth interviews and literature studies. Meanwhile, Focus Group Discussions (FGD) was used to validate the findings in the field. The informants of this study were all stakeholders, village government officials, and the poor affected by the community empowerment policy. To analyze the data, this study employed three steps: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. This study concludes that the empowerment of the highly poor people can be conducted independently by several existing community groups, such as majelis taklim, PKK cadres, Posyandu cadres, etc. in various training and skills activities such as cooking class, craft production, sewing, and micro-businesses management initiated from the training results.
The government policy on the covid-19 handling viewed from environmental and biodiversity perspectives
Authors: Akhmaddhian Suwari , Supartono Toto , Yuhandra Erga , Budiman Haris , Rahmat Diding
Published: July 2021

This legal analysis aims to analyze the government policy on the Covid-19 handling viewed from the environmental and biodiversity perspectives. This study applied a normative juridical research method. The results showed that Large-Scale Social Restriction policy makes the environment and biodiversity better as the industrial and economic activities stop temporarily and the production activities stop exploiting the environment. Finally, it can be concluded that the government policy in the form of Large-Scale Social Restriction has positive impacts on the environment and biodiversity in several places, especially in urban areas, so that the policy can be applied in the future.
The effect of maggots lentera flies (hermetia illucens) growing media as the solution of using organic waste
Authors: Herlina Nina , Nurdin  , Yudayana Bambang , Nasihin Iing , Nurlaila Ai
Published: July 2021

Waste is not only a complex problem in big cities, but in several villages it can become an environmental problem that must be addressed immediately. Organic waste that has not been managed properly will result in a source of pollution. However, several ways can be done to deal with this problem, including activities to recycle organic waste with the method of decomposing waste using maggot larvae (BSF). This study aims to determine the growth off maggot by treating different types of waste media and containers on maggot growth. The method used was an experimental method with completely randomized design with 3 levels of treatment of the size the container used. The results showed that the highest weight of maggot was produced from container 2, namely a mixture of organic waste and tofu dregs of 4,250 grams with an average of 1,417 grams. The type of waste media had a significant effect on the maggot weight (P=0,001), while the size of container had no significant effect on the maggot weight (P=0,387)
Dynamics of dengue hemorrhagic fever incidence and climate as potential factors in Palembang 2013 – 2019
Authors: Delita Krisna , Damiri Nurhayati , Sitorus Rico Januar , Hariani Poeji Loekitowati , Wathan Fika Minata , Annisa Tassia H
Published: July 2021

Palembang is one of the dengue hemorrhagic fever endemic areas, the incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in 2019 is still high, namely 697 cases, out of 18 Districts in Palembang, 9 Districts are endemic areas of DHF. Environmental factors are factors that play a role in the incidence of DHF, including the physical environment, namely the climate element. This research is an ecological study with the aim of looking at the influence and correlation between the fluctuation of climatic factors and the dynamics of dengue hemorrhagic fever incidence in Palembang in 2013-2019. The results showed that air temperature and the number of rainy days had a significant effect on the dynamics of dengue hemorrhagic fever moderate strength is towards positive, and wind speed has significant effect with moderate strength towards negative. Meanwhile, the amount of rainfall, rainfall index, air humidity and long exposure to the sun had no significant effect with a weak relationship. The results of this study can be used as a policy in decision making and environmental risk management and climate factors can predict and control the incidence of dengue fever in Palembang.
Total Flavonoids Content of Polar Extracts of Cayratia trifolia Leaves
Authors: Hikmawanti Ni Putu Ermi , Wiyati Tuti , Abdul Muis M. , Nurfaizah Farah Aisyah , Septiani Windy
Published: July 2021

Cayratia trifolia leaves contain flavonoids compound that can dissolve well in polar solvents. This study aimed to evaluate the total flavonoids content of polar extracts which extracted sequentially from C. trifolia leaves. The dried C. trifolia leaves were macerated continually using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanolic solvent. The total flavonoids content was determined using spectrophotometric methods with a AlCl3 reagent. TLC chromatogram of the extracts were evaluate using chloroform: aceton: formic acid (10:2:1) as a mobile phase and silica gel F254 as a stationary phase. The citroborate and ammonia vapour were used as detection spray reagents. The highest total flavonoids content (27.95±0.62 mgQE/g) were found in 70% ethanol extract of C. trifolia leaves compared to ethyl acetate extract (17.98 ± 0.89 mgQE/g). The ethanolic extract is found six compound spots, while the ethyl acetate extract found four compound spots which were thought to be a flavonoid group. Thus, it can be concluded that the different polar extracting solvents are able to attract flavonoid compounds with different levels. The flavonoids in C. trifolia extract need to be separated to determine the types.
Chemical Component of Kencur (Kaemferia galanga L.) Ethanolic Extract Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Hikmawanti Ni Putu Ermi , Supandi  , Dwita Lusi Putri , Yeni
Published: July 2021

Kaemferia galanga L. or kencur is a traditional plant that known has potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities because of its chemical compound such as ethyl p-methoxycinnamate. This study aimed to analyze the chemical compound of ethanolic extract of kencur using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Kencur was extracted by cold maceration using ethanol-water (70:30) at room temperature. From this procedure, the filtrate (extract of kencur) and crystal are produced. The crystal then was crystallization using ethanol. The ethanolic extract and crystal were analyzed qualitatively using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results show that in the ethanol extract identified there were 5 compounds, namely ethyl-trans-p-methoxycinnamate (84.55%); ethyl cinnamate trans (5.05%), methyl 4-methoxycinnamate (4.02%), ethyl-cis-p-methoxycinnamate (2.85%) and benz[A]azulene-1,4-dione, 2,3-dimethyl- (1.49%). Whereas the crystals are ethyl-trans-p-methoxycinnamate (96.20%) and methyl 4-methoxycinnamate (1.62%). It was concluded that ethyl-trans-p-methoxycinnamate was the main compound of kencur which was easily obtained by cold extraction.
Effect of Glycerin as Plasticizer in Formulation of Grape Seed Oil (Vitis vinifera L.) Emulgel Peel-Off Mask
Authors: Nursal Fith Khaira , Nining  , Rahmani Aisyah
Published: July 2021

Grape seed oil (Vitis vinivera L.) is known to contain phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties that can be used as cosmetics, especially for skincare. A peel-off type of emulgel mask has been developed using grape seed oil as an active agent and glycerin as a plasticizer. This study was aims to determine the effect of glycerin as a plasticizer on the physical properties and stability of the grape seed oil emulgel mask formula during storage. The emulgel begins with the formation of an emulsion and then mixing with the Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) gel base. The formulas were made in five various glycerin concentrations. Evaluation of organoleptic and the other physical characteristics were observed for 4 weeks at two temperatures (25 °C and 40 °C). Elongation and tensile strength tests were also evaluated due to the role of glycerin as a plasticizer. The statistical analysis on the physical stability showed that there were no significant differences for all formulas. The speed of drying the mask is in the range of 10-25 minutes. Elongation test results showed there was no significant difference between formulas, but a tensile strength gave significant differences. Based on the results of the above analysis, it can be concluded that the glycerin as a plasticizer has no significant effect on the properties and physical stability of the preparation, but has an effect on the attractiveness of the grape seed oil peel-off emulgel mask.
The use of coconut water (cocos nucifera l.) as alternative media to substitute Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) for the growth of aspergillus flavus
Authors: Widhorini  , Arip Asep Ginanjar , Wulandari Astrini
Published: July 2021

Media is a material composed by mixed nutrition to grow microorganisms, common media to grow fungi is Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). It contains 10 g of epton, 40 g of dextrose and 15 g of agar. This study used various concentration of coconut water (20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100%. The aim of this study is to determine the concentration of coconut water that can be used to replace Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) for the growth of Aspergillus flavus and to determine the difference of colony diameter of Aspergillus flavus and to determine the difference of colony diameter of Aspergillus flavus. Macroscopic observation of colony diameter (mm) has been done in 1 x 24 hours for 10 days using calipers with Lactophenol Cotton Blue (SDA) dyes for affirmation test. Data was analyzed statistically using One Way Anova continued by Post hoc test. It showed that the higher the concentration of coconut water, the bigger the diameter colony (sig. 0,00 < 0,05). Post hoc test showed that coconut water concentration of 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60% gave lower significant growth of the fungus than Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) media, while the concentration of 70%, 80%, and 90% gave non – significant value or similar to wards control media Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). The concentration it can be concluded that coconut water can be used as an alternative media to substitute SDA (Aspergillus flavus) for the growth of Aspergillus flavus.
Biochemical content of Robusta coffees under fully-wash, honey, and natural processing methods
Authors: Wulandari Sri , Ainuri Makhmudun , Sukartiko Anggoro Cahyo
Published: July 2021

Robusta coffee processors in Indonesia apply three methods of processing cherry coffee into green coffee beans, which can affect the quality of the coffee produced. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of those various processing methods on the coffee beans by finding out differences in Robusta coffee samples’ biochemical content, both as a pulped and green bean. Red-picked Robusta coffee samples were collected from the Kepahiang Bengkulu, one of Indonesia’s highest Robusta coffee producer areas. The primary biochemical contents of coffee, such as moisture, caffeine, chlorogenic acid, sucrose, and lipids, were tested using standard methods on cherry, pulped, and green bean samples. We observed that both pulped and green bean samples showed significant differences (p<0.05) in their biochemical content. Therefore, selecting the right processing method is necessary to get green beans with biochemical content that will produce coffee with preferable sensory attributes.
Differences in the effect of online nutrition education through lectures without and with online games on increasing knowledge of Nutrition, Iron, and vitamin C intake of young women
Authors: Lorenza N S O , Sulaeman E S , Widyaningsih V
Published: July 2021

Prevention of anemia in adolescent girls can be done by providing nutrition education to increase knowledge of nutrition and nutrient intake. Online nutrition education with online games media for young women is effective in the era of globalization and the COVID 19 pandemic. Online games can also attract students so they don’t get bored in implementing online nutrition education. This study aimed to analyze the differences in the effect of online nutrition education through online lectures without and with online game on increasing nutritional knowledge and intake of iron and vitamin C in adolescent girls. This was a queasy experiment research with design two-group (online education with game and without game), measured pre and post intervention. Approximately 25 female students aged 15-17 years old in Surakarta were recruited by purposive sampling methods were assigned to intervention and comparison group. Data intake of iron and vitamin C were taken from a recall form 2x24 hour and data nutritional knowledge from a questionnaire that had been tested for validation and reliability. The statistical difference test was performed with Man Whitney U. The results of the test Man Whitney U showed that there was a difference between the two groups after the intervention, namely nutritional knowledge (p = 0.020), iron intake (p = 0.004), and vitamin C intake (p = 0.010). The difference in effect after the intervention was an increase in nutritional knowledge and intake of iron and vitamin C compared to before the intervention. The increase was more than 50%. The greatest increase was in the group with online game. Conclusion: After the intervention, there was an increase in nutritional knowledge and intake of iron and vitamin C compared to before the intervention. The group with online game was the group that experienced the greatest difference in improvement.
The effort to cultivate natural dyes (Indigofera Sp.) in Timor Region, NTT
Authors: Agustarini Retno , Heryati Yetti , Adalina Yelin
Published: July 2021

The people of NTT, especially the Timor region, have still maintained their customs for generations. The use of natural dyes has also been increased to reduce environmental pollution due to the use of synthetic dyes that have the potential to contain heavy metals. There are more than 30,000 - 40,000 plant species in Indonesia and 150 of them are plants that can produce natural dyes. Indigofera spp. is a kind of natural blue plant. The problem faced in the use of plants as natural dyes is the availability of raw materials. So far, Timorese only harvest Indigofera spp which grows naturally from the environment around the house or in the nearby forest so that it cannot meet the needs on an industrial scale. This study aims to conduct cultivation techniques of 2 species of Indigofera and postharvest techniques to get the optimal blue color. The seeds used are the result of exploration from plants in Bosen, NTT and plant collections available at BPPTH Nursery, Nagrak, Bogor; Indigofera suffruticosa and Indigofera sp. The planting technique uses a completely randomized design (CRD) with 2 factors (2 species, 4 doses of humus). Each treatment combination consists of 3 replications. For postharvest techniques for making indigo paste using completely randomized design (CRD) with 2 levels of lime concentration. I. sufruticosa much better growth by adding humus at a dose of 1500 g/tree shows better branch improvement. For postharvest soaking techniques, it is enough to do 24 hours with the addition of 4% lime concentration.
Effect of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) on oxygen saturation and dehydration status in COVID-19 nurses in Gorontalo Province
Authors: Aswad Yusrin , Loleh Suwarni
Published: July 2021

The Executive Board of the Indonesian Doctors Association (PB IDI) confirmed that no less than 228 health workers including nurses, died from the corona virus. Lack of oxygen can result in hypoxia, coupled with the use of Hazmat and a longer number of shift hours, this results in increased body heat. Body heat is closely related to fluid balance, the higher the body heat, the more sweat that comes out, if not balanced with fluid replacement it will cause dehydration. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. This type of research is a quasi-experimental design with a “group pre and posttest design”. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the average decrease in oxygen saturation was 4% and examination of Dehydration Status through urine color with an average increase of 1.1. Results of Oxygen Saturation Based on the statistical analysis Wilcoxon test p value <0.05 and Dehydration Status Assessment Based on the Wilcoxon test statistical analysis, the value of p <0.05, so from these results it could be concluded that there was an effect on the use of personal protective equipment. (PPE) Against Oxygen Concentration in the Body and Dehydration Status of Covid-19 Nurses in Gorontalo Province.
Water availability model based on system dynamic: Sadar sub-watershed case study
Authors: Asmorowati ET , Sarasanty D
Published: July 2021

Sadar Sub-watershed is one of 32 Brantas sub-watersheds located in the southern part of Mojokerto district and parts of the city of Mojokerto. Based on government regulation (PP) No 26 of 2008, Mojokerto is one of the national strategic areas from the point of view of economic interests. The National Strategic Area (KSN) with an economic interest point of view has an important role for national development, because these areas have the potential for a fast-growing economy and a leading sector capable of driving the national economy. This economic growth must be supported by the availability of various supporting facilities, one of which is the provision of clean water. The current condition of the existence of clean water is decreasing due to various reasons. The purpose of this research is to predict the availability of water in the future as a basis a water resources planning. The stages of the research are as follows: (1). Secondary data collection in the study. The data is used to calculate current water availability and predict future water availability. Primary data is in the form of interviews with groundwater users and experts. (2) Data Analysis. (3) Build the model of water availability in the study area. (4) Simulation of water availability in the study area under various scenario (5). Model validation. The results of this study indicate that there is an effect of land-use change on water availability in the sub-basin. Water conservation scenarios can maintain water availability in the future.
Tools for the Implementation of an Inmotic System in the Imperial Hotel in Santiago de Cuba, Cuba
Authors: Nuñez José , Torres Bryan , Benítez Israel , Milanés Celene B. , Noriega Eliana
Published: July 2021

Given the inefficiency of the control systems present in many hotels in Cuba and the need to automate and intelligently manage the electrical energy of the Imperial Hotel in Santiago de Cuba, the design and implementation of an imotic control using Tac technology is carried out View of Schneider Electric. The implemented system has a decentralized, scalable, modular, sustainable and upgradeable architecture, which allows migrating to other similar or superior technological variants if necessary. In the design and implementation of the system, the different field sensors, the programmable robots and the specific purpose controllers were selected, which communicate through Lonworks and TCP / IP protocols with the SCADA created using the Tac Vista 5.1.9 software. As a result of the investigation, the supervision and control of the lights, the bathroom odor extractor and the temperature in the rooms are achieved. In addition, the automatic control of the lights in the corridors and exterior areas of the hotel is achieved, and finally, the sequence of automatic switching on or off of the air conditioning units in the lobby and restaurant respectively is programmed. All this leads to greater comfort, energy savings and quality of the services provided, which at the same time becomes a tool for the management of the hotel by the people in charge.
Development of a mobile application for Early Warning Systems and risk management in Cuba
Authors: Milanés CeleneB. , Batista Ángel R. , Núñez Ricardo A. , Yero Humberto T.
Published: July 2021

Information and communication technologies (ICT) play a determining role in tackling climate change. ICTs are increasingly used in surveillance, prediction and support actions in adapting to these environmental risks. The archipelago of Cuba is one of the most vulnerable due to the negative effects of climate change. The island nation adopts the benefits offered by ICTs, in order to promote risk reduction due to the impact of natural and anthropogenic threats. The article presents the design of a computer tool called SATEMovil, which was conceived as a mobile phone application for receiving early alerts in the face of extreme threats. The research exposes the operation of the Early Warning Systems and mobile applications in Cuba and the process of design and creation of the SATEMovil App. The application contributes to adequate integrated risk management in Cuba, by favoring the identification and continuous monitoring of natural hazards, through textual reports and dynamic graphics. Its use optimizes the existing relationship, between social vulnerability indices and the level of uncertainty in the population, in the six identified threats. The result obtained enhances the country’s preparedness to reduce and confront risk.
Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in the Development of Industry 4.0; A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: González-Sarmiento E , Roa-Perez J , Ortiz-Ospino L
Published: July 2021

Industry 4.0, also known as the Fourth Industrial Revolution, is characterized by process automation and digitization and the use of technologies such as the Internet of Things, cloud, big data, artificial intelligence (AI), and embedded systems, among others. In fact, AI and big data are two driving forces behind several technological innovations that have shaped the current digital environment and Industry 4.0. These two trends share a common goal, i.e., to obtain the maximal data out of the vast amount of data being generated today. Therefore, within the context of substantial scientific development in this subject, this work provides an overview of the development of Industry 4.0 based on big data and AI. The methodological design commenced from the development of a bibliometric exercise for the identification of scientific papers addressing this subject. The main results of this work include the identification of scientific development based on big data and AI in the advancement of Industry 4.0. Moreover, conclusions regarding the importance of these pillars in the new digitization era are obtained.
Analysis of the behavior of a parabolic trough collectors’ plant for weather conditions of Cartagena - Bolívar
Authors: Lopez V , Cárdenas Y , Carrillo G E
Published: July 2021

Solar energy and concentration technologies, have gained importance in recent years due to their versatility and positive impact on the environment. Varios son las tecnologías que se pueden utilizar para generar electricidad, a partir de la irradiación solar, sin embargo, la tecnología de Colectores Cilíndrico Parabólico, recibe el reconocimiento por tener mayor desarrollo comercial. Before this panorama, this work analyzes the solar radiation potential of the city of Cartagena is located in Colombia with Elevation of 32 m, Latitude (10.57°), Longitude (-75.46), DNI 40.84KWh/m 2/day, DHI 2.26 KWh/m 2/day, Average wind speed 4.5 m/s for the use of parabolic trough collector to generate electricity. To achieve the purpose of this work, a methodology is implemented for the characterization of this type of plants. In the initial stage, the requirements of the solar field are considered and configured. Followed by the stage of characterization of the thermal storage system, and configuration of the system. To later characterize the power cycle, an operating parameter to respond to the energy demand defined in this research. In the final part of this work, an analysis of operating parameters is proposed, in order to obtain improvements in the configuration of the proposed system. The results obtained allowed us to determine that for the evaluated conditions and the configuration of the determined plant, it can operate with the Therminol PV-1 fluid, a solar multiple of 1.7 and solar salt, as the storage system fluid.
Electronic distiller to improve learning processes in natural science laboratories
Authors: Chamat-Torres C P , Cabarcas G E Romero , Tovar G Bracho
Published: July 2021

With the continuous advance of technology, new challenges arise in the face of innovative learning models and their theoretical-practical representation, in which we seek to strengthen effective teaching methods and maximize academic and experiential performance. Therefore, this article describes the development of an electronic distiller for basic natural science laboratories as a result of the research process, which allows teachers and students to perform experimental practices by means of simple distillation. The team developed, involves the concepts of Electronic and Systems Engineering, to improve the efficiency of the simple distillation process, solving needs in terms of assembly time and resource utilization, and optimizing the learning experience. This allows for automatic control of the boiling point of the substances and the quantity of grams to be distilled as the final product. This, thanks to the instrumentation and control modules that interpret the sensor signals, in order to control the actuators such as, the heating, pumping and cooling water system. The processes are visualized thanks to an Android graphic interface application, which allows monitoring and configuring the Setpoint of the measured variables.
Discrete event simulation: Case study in an extractive sector company
Authors: Quintana-Londoño R , García-Pérez A
Published: July 2021

At present, companies are obliged to continually improve their productivity to remain in a very competitive industry, that said, the development of processes must be done efficiently and due to this, meet the various requirements of their customers. In order to offer and execute all these services, it is necessary to carry out an analysis to each area of the company, that is, prior analysis and error processes must be implemented, in such a way, the present investigation will aim to determine the faults present in the system produced in the company and provide a viable alternative for the improvement of its system. The ProModel software will be used as the main tool for the development of the current system model and its analysis to interpret the difficulties of the system and look for an improvement alternative, later the development of the model of this alternative to compare with the statistical analyzes thrown by the software between models. As a result, a clear improvement was achieved with the proposed alternative, obtaining a significant increase in production and also a reduction in costs in the medium and long term thanks to the reduction in the amount of resources used.
Electromechanical Hand Prototype for the Simulation of the Opening and Closing Movement
Authors: Sandoval-Rodriguez C L , Veslin-Díaz E Y , Tarazona-Romero B E , Ascanio-Villabona J G , Cárdenas-Arias C G , Angulo-Julio C A
Published: July 2021

This work aims to describe the construction of a low-cost functional prototype of an electromechanical hand with opening and closing capacity. The device, built on an ABS filament extruder, is actuated by a MG995 high torque servo motor, controlled by an Arduino-UNO R3 board, from the processing of electromyographic signals carried out by: MyoWare Muscle Sensor. The realization and functional evaluation of the device is developed in six phases: The first is to select the thermo-deformable materials, the second is to select the electronic components; the third phase is the design of the electromechanical hand prosthesis, the fourth phase was the construction of the mechanical parts; the fifth phase is the development of the control program on the electronic card; and the sixth phase of the project consists of validating the developed prototype by observing its opening and closing through the oscilloscope. Due to the low cost of development and ease of reproducibility (because it is built under the open-source philosophy), this work is expected to make a contribution to the disabled community, especially the one with limited resources.
Risk indicators of mass removal phenomena according to the Mora - Vahrson method, applied in Pitalito and Campoalegre municipalities
Authors: Pedreros L , Rivera S
Published: July 2021

The massive removal phenomena have been one of the most frequent natural disasters in the world, causing thousands of deaths, victims, damage to homes and diseases. In Pitalito and Campoalegre, municipalities of Huila department in Colombia have occurred various events such as heavy rains, earthquakes, which have caused landslides, floods, among others, to affect the economy, the community and transportation. For this reason, a study was carried out on the area’s most prone to suffer these phenomena to take preventive measures in favor of the protection of the population, the resources of management and the planning of civil works. For the proposed object, the Mora-Varshon method was used, which allows classifying the degree of susceptibility to landslides in which the areas are found. Also, various factors or parameters was evaluated such as the soil moisture, lithology, slope, seismicity and rain, each of these indicators were obtained using information from IDEAM, Servicio Geologico Colombiano (SGC) and using geographic information for geoprocessing in the ArcGIS software to realize a mapping to indicate the susceptibility to landslides, classifying the areas of the municipalities such as very low, low, medium, moderate, high or very high.
Sizing of a sustainable condensation system for the production of sweet water through the use of photovoltaic panels in La Mesa de los Santos, Santander, Colombia
Authors: Tarazona-Romero B E , Rodriguez Nieves A-J , Sandoval-Rodriguez C L , Ascanio-Villabona J G , Duran-Sarmiento M-A , Rincon-Quintero A-D
Published: July 2021

The objective of the project is to carry out the dimensioning of a photovoltaic system that allows its integration with a condensation system for the production of fresh water in isolated areas (Rural), in such a way that a sustainable condensation application capable of producing water is generated. sweet to supply small groups of inhabitants in areas where the basic supply of liquid is deficient. The study area is the Department of Santander, Colombia, specifically in the Municipality of los Santos and the area known as Mesa de los Santos, in which difficult geographical conditions are presented such as: altitude of 1650 meters above sea level and deficiency in aquifers. The methodological development proposes the analysis of the meteorological conditions of the area, the identification, selection and dimensioning of the condensing system and the photovoltaic system through the amp-hour method and the software system advisor model (SAM). Additionally, a CAD model is developed to obtain the complete schematization of the model and carry out a simulation process to analyze the behavior of the integration of the aforementioned systems. Finally, a techno-economic analysis of the proposed system is carried out.
Preparation and morphological and physicochemical characterization of pillared clays from bentonite
Authors: Padilla A C , Castro-Suarez J , Colpas-Castillo F
Published: July 2021

Mineral grade and commercial grade bentonite pillared clays were prepared with SnO2. This is to create adsorbents for removal of contaminants from water. The initial and modified clays were characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nitrogen sortometry. The results of the chemical analysis (XRF) clearly confirm the incorporation of tin in the modified materials. The analysis by SEM and nitrogen sortometry verified the successful modification of the clays by incorporation of tin dioxide species, and the appearance of mesoporous structures with an increase in the values of surface area and porosity.
Design and development of a PWA - Progressive Web Application, to consult the diary and programming of a technological event
Authors: Gómez-Sierra C J
Published: July 2021

Expotecnología is an event aimed at students, teachers and professionals in the areas of systems, computing, petrochemicals, process control and industrial instrumentation, electronics and telecommunications, electricity, electromechanics and civil works, with the purpose of addressing not only the challenges that accompany the various activities in which related professionals perform, but also the problems, projects and programs of the academic units in which they are trained. In addition, it is a conducive space to enhance their role in the profession, research and academy. Currently, there is a website for the Expotecnología event, which can be seen here: https://expotecnologia.unitecnar.edu.co. But all the scheduling and schedule management is consulted manually by means of flyers, billboards or email. In this sense, it is necessary to develop a progressive web application, where all the optimized processes can be carried out, in addition the participants to the event would not have any inconvenience to know the day, time and place where they will be presented, because it can also work without internet connection (offline).
Approximation of Cross-tier interference in HETNET using Stochastic Geometry
Authors: Tarriba-Lezama Y , Valdez-Cervantes L
Published: July 2021

This work describes an approximation model to interpret in a heterogeneous two-tier network using stochastic geometry, the behavior of inter-tier interference or cross tier. and compares in terms of distributions the existing relationship between the intensity variables at each tier and the transmission powers of BS. The relationship between intensity functions of the distributions of each BS level and between the transmission powers will be considered
Investigation of tribological, physicomechanical, and morphological properties of resin-based friction materials reinforced with Agave americana waste
Authors: Wu Siyang , Zhuang Jian , Wu Qian , Qi Hongyan , Zhao Jiale , Guo Mingzhuo
Published: July 2021

In recent years, natural fibers and their composites have attracted the attention of researchers due to environmental awareness and sustainable development. It is crucial to identify new natural fibers as potential reinforcement in polymer composites. This study was aimed to investigate the potential use of Agave americana fibers as a reinforcing component in resin-based friction materials. The tribological, physicomechanical, and morphological characteristics of materials containing different A. americana fiber contents were systematically evaluated. Experimental results indicated that fiber addition effectively improved the fade resistance, recovery behavior, and wear resistance of these materials. From the perspective of overall performance, a friction composite containing 5-wt% fibers possessed the optimal friction stability and wear resistance, exhibiting a fade rate of 13.6%, recovery rate of 97.5%, and sum wear rate of 2.340 × 10–7 cm3·N−1·m−1. Furthermore, sample worn surface morphologies were examined by scanning electron microscope, which revealed that appropriate fiber inclusion helped in the formation of secondary contact plateaus on friction surfaces. In addition, this fiber content significantly reduced abrasive and adhesive wear, which were conducive to good tribological behaviors of friction materials. This research provided a promising method for environment-friendly applications of A. americana waste.
A multi-scale method for predicting the properties of 3D braided composite under three-point bending load
Authors: Yu Guoqing , Shi Boqiang , Shen Yanhua
Published: July 2021

A more versatile and efficient multi-scale coupling finite element method for researching the mechanical response of 3D braided composites under three-point bending load is represented in this paper. In the mesoscale, the multiphase representative unit-cell models are established to describe the mesoscopic structure which consists of braiding yarns and matrix. In the macroscale, the unit-cells are regarded as homogeneous material, and the load and constraint conditions are applied on the macroscopic structure model. The multi-scale homogenization theory is introduced to calculate the equivalent stiffness matrixes of mesoscopic unit-cells and build the mathematical relationships between the mesoscopic stress fields and the macroscopic strain fields. According to the element damage criterion, the bending modulus and ultimate load-bearing ability of 3D braided composites are predicted by simulating the progressive damage process of unit-cells Comparing with the experimental result, the predicted result satisfies the required precision for engineering.
Quality by design approach for the synthesis of graphene oxide nanosheets using full factorial design with enhanced delivery of Gefitinib nanocrystals
Authors: More Mahesh P , Deshmukh Prashant K
Published: July 2021

Designing drug delivery carriers is the most focused work for a material scientist. The formulator can screen the material starting from its properties to the performance of the material. The quality by design approach has simplified the path of selection of the right parameter for analyzing the process. The present investigation elaborates the use of a full factorial design model for understanding the interaction of oxidizing agents on the conversion of graphite to graphene oxide (GO). The most frequently assessable laboratory method is chemical oxidation, which is used for understanding optimum oxidation potential and nanosheet formation. The method utilizes 2 level assessments for screening reactant concentration of sulphuric acid and potassium permanganate on preprocessed graphite. In present investigation, one categorical factor is used to understand the effect of precursor size on the final product. The statistical model provides optimum oxidation conditions, using particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and ID/IG ratio with a 95% confidence interval (p-value less than 0.05). The optimized synthesis procedure provides the least particle size of GO nanosheet of about 220.7 nm with PDI 0.289 and ID/IG ratio of 0.98. Furthermore, pulse mode ultrasonication converts Gefitinib (GF) into nanocrystals and is deposited within intricates of GO nanosheets (nGOGF). The GO and nGOGF were preliminarily characterized using optical and vibrational spectroscopy. The hydrodynamic diameter was found to be slightly increased to 237.5 nm with decreasing surface charge (−33.64 mV) after fabrication. The x-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) study reveals successful grafting of oxygen-containing functional groups on GO nanosheets with peak positions observed at 284–288 eV. The Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) observation supports the wrinkled structure of GO nanosheets synthesis, along with encapsulation of GF nanocrystals. The nGOGF retard the release of GF for a prolonged period of time and the rate of dissolution was increased by fold compared to pure GF.
TEM observation and strengthening mechanism of cementite nanoparticles of heterogeneous structure 1045 steel
Authors: Li Zhengning , La Peiqing , Wei Fuan
Published: July 2021

A heterogeneous structural (HS) 1045 steel prepared by aluminothermic reaction (AR) casting method was fabricated by combining severe deformation cold rolled with subsequently heating. Its detailed microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, strengthening and toughening mechanisms were investigated. The heterogeneous structure (HS) is characterized with trimodal grain size distribution of ferrite (with microcrystalline grain sizes of >1000 nm, ultrafine grain sizes of ∼1000 nm, nanocrystalline grain sizes of ∼100 nm grains, respectively) and cementite nanoparticles (with particle sizes of 11∼120 nm). The HS 1045 steel shows an outstanding strength-ductility synergy. When the cold rolled steel was heated at 400 °C with 1 h, comparing with casting steel, the yield strength and tensile strength increased by 87.4% and 35%, to 1420 and 1602 MPa, respectively, and surprisingly, the ductility was only with a small sacrifice, the elongation rate is maintained at the level of 10.6%. The improved strength is mainly attributed to multiple strengthening mechanisms, fine-grain strengthening, cementite nanoparticles strengthening, dislocation strengthening, and solution strengthening. The reasonable ductility can be attributed to the heterogeneous structure, as it can offer an extra work hardening ability introduced by generation of geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) near heterointerfaces.
Shallow cryogenic treatment: effect on the corrosion resistance and hardness properties of AA5083-H111 alloy in chloride-ions enriched medium
Authors: Uz Dogancan , Solomon Moses M , Gerengi Husnu , Sahin Mukerrem , Yıldız Mesut
Published: July 2021

The influence of cryogenic and cryogenic time (10, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h) on the hardness, surface roughness, and corrosion resistance properties of AA5083-H111 alloy in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution have been investigated. The hardness property was analysed via the Brinell hardness measurement, the corrosion resistance property was measured electrochemically, while the morphological studies were undertaken using the SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results disclose that the shallow cryogenic treatment at −80°C improves the alloy’s hardness, surface roughness, and the corrosion resistance. The best cryogenic treatment time is 24 h. Cryogenic treatment for 24 h increases the alloy’s hardness from 71.3 HB to 74.90 HB, reduces the average surface roughness from 534.000 nm to 105.634 nm, and increases the total charge transfer resistance from 18139 Ω cm2 to 26230 Ω cm2. The improvement is linked to settling of fine particles on the alloy surface. The SEM results support these claims.
Effects of Y content on microstructures and thermal expansion behavior of Mg-Al-Y alloys
Authors: Ma Hongbin , Li Zhuohua , Wang Jinhui
Published: July 2021

Low thermal expansion alloys play an important role in the applications of high-precision instruments because of their excellent dimensional stability under thermal shock. Hence, the effect of Y content on coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of Mg-1Al-xY (x = 4, 6, 8, wt. %) alloys were systematically studied. The results showed that the volume fraction of second phase increased and the grain size of the Mg alloys decreased with the increases of Y content, resulting in the CTE of Mg-1Al-xY alloys decreased with the increases of Y content. The grain size of the Mg-1Al-6Y alloy was more suitable and the second phase distributed uniformly, which lead to the lowest CTE after multiple cycles. The experimental value and model predictions of CTE of alloys differ greatly at lower temperature and coincide well at high temperature. The XRD and EBSD results proved the existence of residual stress in the three alloys, which reduced the CTEs of the magnesium alloy. While the rotation of crystal grains reduces the residual stress in multiple thermal cycles, increasing the CTEs and stability of thermal cycling of Mg alloys. The pole diagram of Mg alloys revealed that number of thermal cycling has a great effect on the intensity of the texture.
A light field measurement system through PSF estimation by a morphology-based method
Authors: Kong Lingbao , Zhou Panyu
Published: July 2021

Light field imaging technology can obtain three-dimensional (3D) information of a test surface in a single exposure. Traditional light field reconstruction algorithms not only take a long time to trace back to the original image, but also require the exact parameters of the light field system, such as the position and posture of a microlens array (MLA), which will cause errors in the reconstructed image if these parameters cannot be precisely obtained. This paper proposes a reconstruction algorithm for light field imaging based on the point spread function (PSF), which does not require prior knowledge of the system. The accurate PSF derivation process of a light field system is presented, and modeling and simulation were conducted to obtain the relationship between the spatial distribution characteristics and the PSF of the light field system. A morphology-based method is proposed to analyze the overlapping area of the subimages of light field images to identify the accurate spatial location of the MLA used in the system, which is thereafter used to accurately refocus light field imaging. A light field system is built to verify the algorithm’s effectiveness. Experimental results show that the measurement accuracy is increased over 41.0% compared with the traditional method by measuring a step standard. The accuracy of parameters is also improved through a microstructure measurement with a peak-to-valley value of 25.4% and root mean square value of 23.5% improvement. This further validates that the algorithm can effectively improve the refocusing efficiency and the accuracy of the light field imaging results with the superiority of refocusing light field imaging without prior knowledge of the system. The proposed method provides a new solution for fast and accurate 3D measurement based on a light field.
Plakophilin 3 and Par3 facilitate desmosomes’ association with the apical junctional complex
Authors: Indra Indrajyoti , Troyanovsky Regina B. , Green Kathleen J. , Troyanovsky Sergey M.
Published: July 2021

The results show that spatial localization of desmosomes in polarized epithelial cells is jointly regulated by polarity protein Par3 and desmosomal protein Pkp3. This process is apparently based on the Par3-dependent interplay between two pools of Pkp3 that are located in different cell compartments.