bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fast repetitive stretch suppresses denervation‐induced muscle fibrosis
Authors: Tanaka Shoji , Inaoka Pleiades Tiharu , Yano Asami , Nakagawa Takao , Yamazaki Toshiaki
Published: September 2020

Background

We aimed to examine the influence of different speeds of stretching on denervation‐induced skeletal muscle fibrosis.

Methods

Stretching was passively applied to rat plantaris muscle denervated by sciatic nerve excision in three different cycles of 0.5, 3, or 12 cycles/min, for 20 min/d for 2 weeks.

Results

Gene analysis results showed greater expression of fibrosis‐related factors with fast stretching compared with non‐stretched muscle. Laser Doppler blood flow analysis indicated reduced intramuscular blood flow during stretching. Histological analysis demonstrated fibrotic area decreases in 12 cycles/min stretched muscle compared with non‐stretched muscle.

Conclusions

Slower stretching induced greater mRNA expression of collagen and fibroblasts and greater decrement of blood flow. Histologically, faster stretching suppressed fibrosis. These results suggest that fast repetitive stretching of denervated muscle might suppress processes of muscle fibrosis.
Transverse and longitudinal fluid flow modelling in fractured porous media with non‐matching meshes
Authors: Damirchi Behnam V. , Carvalho Marcelo R. , Bitencourt Luís A. G. , Manzoli Osvaldo L. , Dias‐da‐Costa Daniel
Published: September 2020

A new discrete fracture model is introduced to simulate the steady‐state fluid flow in discontinuous porous media. The formulation uses a multi‐layered approach to capture the effect of both longitudinal and transverse permeability of the discontinuities in the pressure distribution. The formulation allows the independent discretisation of mesh and discontinuities, which do not need to conform. Given that the formulation is developed at the element level, no additional degrees of freedom or special integration procedures are required for coupling the non‐conforming meshes. The proposed model is shown to be reliable regardless of the permeability of the discontinuity being higher or lower than the surrounding domain. Four numerical examples of increasing complexity are solved to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the new technique when compared with results available in the literature. Results show that the proposed method can simulate the fluid pressure distribution in fractured porous media. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis demonstrated the stability regarding the condition number for wide range values of the coupling parameter.
BMI, Weight Discrimination, and the Trajectory of Distress and Well‐Being Across the Coronavirus Pandemic
Authors: Sutin Angelina R. , Stephan Yannick , Luchetti Martina , Aschwanden Damaris , Strickhouser Jason E. , Lee Ji Hyun , Sesker Amanda A. , Terracciano Antonio
Published: September 2020

Objective

The purpose of this study was to examine the trajectory of psychological distress and well‐being across the coronavirus pandemic by BMI category and weight discrimination.

Methods

Participants (N = 1,590) were assessed three times: early February 2020 before the coronavirus crisis in the United States and again in mid‐March and late April 2020. Participants reported their weight, height, and weight discrimination in February. Depressed affect, loneliness, purpose in life, life satisfaction, and perceived support were assessed in all surveys; anxiety and stress were assessed in the March/April surveys.

Results

Prior to the pandemic, reporting weight discrimination or being in the underweight or obesity 2 to 3 categories was associated with more distress and lower well‐being. Weight discrimination, not BMI, was associated with a twofold increased risk of incident depression from before to during the pandemic. Weight discrimination was associated with declines in purpose in life and life satisfaction across the pandemic. BMI categories were unrelated to changes in distress/well‐being across the pandemic.

Conclusions

Prior to the pandemic, BMI and weight discrimination were vulnerabilities for greater distress and lower well‐being. Weight discrimination, but not BMI, increased risk for incident depression and declines in well‐being during the coronavirus pandemic.
Improvement of thermoplastic polyurethane's flame retardancy and thermal conductivity by leaf‐shaped cobalt‐zeolitic imidazolate framework–modified graphene and intumescent flame retardant
Authors: Xu Wenzong , Cheng Chuanming , Qin Zhongqiong , Zhong Di , Cheng Zihao , Zhang Qianqian
Published: September 2020

In this work, a new type of leaf‐shaped cobalt‐zeolitic imidazolate framework–modified graphene (Co‐ZIF‐L@RGO) hybrid was successfully prepared and blended with an intumescent flame retardant (IFR). It was added into thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) to study the effect of its combination with IFR on the thermal conductivity and flame retardant performance of TPU. The morphology and structure of the Co‐ZIF‐L@RGO hybrid were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that Co‐ZIF‐L were uniformly loaded on the surface of graphene. Furthermore, compared with pure TPU, the limiting oxygen index values of the composite material with 3 wt% Co‐ZIF‐L and 27 wt% IFR increased to 32.6%. Their UL‐94 rating reached V‐0 rating. Their peak heat release rate, total heat release, peak smoke production rate and total smoke production were also greatly reduced by 84.4%, 70.1%, 60.3% and 62.5%, respectively. The thermogravimetric‐infrared test results showed that the amount of toxic gas emissions was effectively suppressed. The residual carbon was analyzed by SEM, laser Raman spectroscopy and XRD, and flame retardant mechanism was further investigated. Besides, the addition of this hybrid improved the thermal conductivity of TPU.
Platelet transfusion practice and platelet refractoriness for a cohort of pediatric oncology patients: A single‐center study
Authors: Lieberman Lani , Liu Yang , Barty Rebecca , Heddle Nancy M.
Published: September 2020

Background

Platelet transfusions are an essential aspect of supportive care for pediatric oncology patients. Data regarding the frequency of transfusions, pretransfusion thresholds, posttransfusion increments, and rate of platelet transfusion refractoriness (PTR) are lacking. Study objectives: (a) describe platelet transfusion practice for children with malignancy; (b) determine the normal platelet increment following platelet transfusion; and (c) assess rate of PTR.

Methods

Inpatient pediatric oncology patients <18 years old and treated between 2009 and 2013 were identified. Data collected retrospectively included patient demographics, clinical information, laboratory values, and transfusion details.

Results

Three hundred sixty‐seven children were included and 144 (39%) received at least one platelet transfusion. Platelets were transfused during 25% of all inpatient admissions. The median number of platelet transfusion for any given inpatient admission was two (interquartile range [IQR]: 1‐3). The median pretransfusion platelet count was 16 × 109/L and posttransfusion increment was 25 × 109/L. Most (79%) of the time, the pretransfusion platelet count was >10 × 109/L. Older children who received ABO incompatible platelet transfusions with a longer storage duration were more likely to have a poor platelet response (increment ≤ 10 × 109/L). The rate of PTR (immune and/or nonimmune) was low (8%; 11/144).

Conclusions

Practical information to parents and clinicians of newly diagnosed children regarding the likelihood and frequency of platelet transfusions was determined. The rate of PTR was low, supporting the hypothesis that children receiving leukoreduced products are at a low risk of PTR.
Establishing a rapid cooling complex mold design for the quality improvement of microcellular injection molding
Authors: Chang Yung‐Hsiang , Chiu Min‐Chi , Chen Shia‐Chung , Chang Che‐Wei , Tseng Chia‐Yen
Published: September 2020

Injection molding is one of the most widely‐used processes for the production of plastic parts, due to the utilization of diverse materials, the complex product‐shape moldability, and the rapid mass production. In relation to the environmental issues, light‐weight technology and green molding solutions are becoming more important. Microcellular injection molding technology is one of the green molding solutions for saving materials, as well as reducing the weight of molded parts. However, the molding process brings about some defects, including a sliver flow mark on the surface and uneven mechanical properties that are caused by the uneven cell size and their distribution within the part. Dynamic molding temperature control technology seems to be an effective way of improving the product quality. Until recently, there has been very little discussion about high‐efficiency cooling methods. A new complex mold for a cooling system has been designed. The basis cooling ability of different materials was investigated. The complex mold design has a faster cooling rate, and it has a greater surface temperature uniformity. This cooling technology was used to improve the quality of microcellular injection molded parts, which improves the glossy finish by about 73%. The results show that the faster cooling rate brings about the more uniform cell size with higher cell density from 9.43E+11 to 1.92E+12 cells/cm3. Otherwise, the cell size reduced from 192.92 to 84.97 μm.
Registration of USDA‐N6004 soybean germplasm derived from Japanese cultivar Blue Side
Authors: Bagherzadi Laleh , Gillen Anne M. , McNeece Brant T. , Mian M.A. Rouf , Carter Thomas E.
Published: September 2020

USDA‐N6004 (Reg. no. GP‐441, PI 692264) is a conventional, late maturity group (MG) VI soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] germplasm developed to increase the diversity of the genetic base of applied soybean breeding in North America. This germplasm was released by the USDA‐ARS and the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service in September 2019. USDA‐N6004 traces 50% of its pedigree to the large‐seeded Japanese cultivar Blue Side and is the first U.S. release derived from this exotic accession, as Blue Side is not a part of the historic genetic base of U.S. soybean. USDA‐N6004 has a yield potential and maturity similar to that of its adapted parent, ‘NC‐Roy’. Over 35 test environments of the USDA Uniform Soybean Tests–Southern States (Uniform Tests), USDA‐N6004 yielded 99% of NC‐Roy, matured 2 d earlier, and exhibited 3.9 g greater 100 seed weight than NC‐Roy. Over 23 environments of the United Soybean Board Southern Diversity Yield Trials, USDA‐N6004 yielded 97% of NC‐Roy and 91% of the elite cultivar NC‐Dilday. Seed protein and estimated meal protein content of the release were lower and seed oil content was higher than NC‐ Roy (its adapted parent) in the Uniform Tests. However, meal protein percentage of USDA‐N6004 was above the industry minimum standard of 48%. Thus, this germplasm should prove valuable as parental stock in applied breeding. This soybean release is among the first in the United States developed via a combination of bulk breeding and pedigree selection.
Measurement Properties of the Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire in Patients with Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain
Authors: Araujo Giulia M. D. , Pinto Rafael Z. , Azevedo Bruna R. , Silva Fernanda G. , Damato Tatiana M. , Grande Guilherme D. , Christofaro Diego G. D. , Oliveira Crystian B.
Published: September 2020

Background

The Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ) is a brief and easy instrument to measure time spent on sedentary activities; however, no study has investigated the reliability and validity of this questionnaire in people with chronic low back pain (LBP).

Objective

To investigate the internal consistency, test‐retest reliability, measurement error, construct validity, and interpretability of the SBQ against data derived from an accelerometer in patients with nonspecific chronic LBP.

Study design

Cross‐sectional study.

Setting

Outpatient physiotherapy clinic.

Patients

Seventy‐five patients aged between 18 and 60 years (mean age, 42 years old) with nonspecific chronic LBP were recruited for this study.

Interventions

Not applicable.

Methods

The Cronbach's α was calculated to investigate the internal consistency of the SBQ and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to investigate the reliability of the SBQ between two administrations separated by a 1‐week interval. Measurement error was assessed calculating the SEM and minimal detectable change (MDC). Spearman correlation (r) was calculated to investigate the construct validity using hypothesis testing. Interpretability was investigated using ceiling and floor effects.

Results

The Cronbach's α of the SBQ total score was 0.92, indicating homogeneity among the items of the instrument. The reliability of the SBQ was excellent (ICC > 0.75), without any evidence of ceiling and floor effects. Regarding measurement error, the total score of the SBQ showed an SEM and MDC of 109.8 minutes per day and 304.4 minutes per day, respectively. However, there were no correlations of the SBQ domains or the total score with the accelerometer‐measured sedentary time (r < 0.25).

Conclusion

The SBQ is a reliable tool for quantifying time spent in sedentary activities of patients with chronic LBP. The SBQ showed poor construct validity compared to the accelerometer‐measured sedentary time, which indicates that patients may underestimate their time spent in sedentary activities.
Synthesis and design of polyurethane and its nanocomposites derived from canola‐castor oil: Mechanical, thermal and shape memory properties
Authors: Dehghan Parham , Noroozi Mina , Sadeghi Gity Mir Mohamad , Abrisham Mahbod , Amirkiai Arian , Panahi‐Sarmad Mahyar
Published: September 2020

The recent global pandemic and its tremendous effect on the price fluctuations of crude oil illustrates the side effects of petroleum dependency more evident than ever. Over the past decades, both academic and industrial communities spared endless efforts in order to replace petroleum‐based materials with bio‐derived resources. In the current study, a series of shape memory polymer composites (SMPC's) was synthesized from epoxidized vegetable oils, namely canola oil and castor oil fatty acids (COFA's) as a 100% bio‐based polyol and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) as an isocyanate using a solvent/catalyst‐free method in order to eventuate polyurethanes (PU's). Thereafter, graphene oxide (GO) nanoplatelets were synthesized and embedded in the neat PU in order to overcome the thermomechanical drawbacks of the neat matrix. The chemical structure of the synthesized components, as well as the dispersion and distribution levels of the nanoparticles, was characterized. In the following, thermal and mechanical properties as well as shape memory behavior of the specimens were comprehensively investigated. Likewise, the thermal conductivity was determined. This study proves that synthesized PU's based on vegetable oil polyols, including graphene nanoparticles, exhibit proper thermal and mechanical properties, which make them stand as a potential candidate to compete with traditional petroleum‐based SMPC's.
One‐Step Electrochemical Fabrication of Reduced Graphene Oxide/Cuprous Oxide Nanocomposite Thin Films for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Properties
Authors: Çepni Emir , Öztürk Doğan Hülya
Published: September 2020

For the first time, the electrochemical growth of reduced graphene oxide/cuprous oxide (Cu2O) (ERGO/Cu2O) nanostructures on indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode is induced by a new approach based on simultaneous coreduction of copper ions and graphene oxide (GO) from an aqueous suspension without using any binders, surfactant, and reducing reagents. Characterization of ERGO/Cu2O nanocomposite films is carried out using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The p‐type semiconductor of Cu2O‐decorated ERGO nanosheets is used as a photocatalyst for efficient solar hydrogen production under visible‐light irradiation. The ERGO/Cu2O nanocomposite electrode exhibits a good photocatalytic activity toward photovoltaic applications in terms of high current density (4.3 mA cm−2), which is ≈40 and 800 times higher than those of the Cu2O‐ and ERGO‐modified ITO electrodes, respectively. The resulting ERGO/Cu2O nanocomposite photoelectrode exhibits good photovoltaic properties and can be used for applications in solar energy conversion.
Adaptive controller of nonlinear systems with unknown control directions and unknown input powers
Authors: Guo Tiantian , Liu Yungang , Man Yongchao
Published: September 2020

This article is devoted to global adaptive stabilization for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems. Notably, the systems under investigation admit unknown control directions and unknown input powers, and particularly the latter, which are a new type of system uncertainties, largely challenge the feasibility of continuous feedbacks. This spurs us to pursue a switching adaptive feedback which is actual a discontinuous one with high feedback capability. To solve the control problem, a parameterized controller in a specified form is first introduced, which can globally stabilize the system once the design parameter involved belongs to a certain set. However, the controller cannot directly be implemented since the set depends heavily on the unknown input powers. To make the parameterized controller implementable, a new switching strategy is delicately proposed, which can instantly update the parameters of the controller to compensate the serious system uncertainties. It turns out that the parameterized controller with switching updating mechanism guarantees that all the signals of the closed‐loop system are globally bounded and ultimately converge to zero. Simulation examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design scheme.
4‐1: Invited Paper: Technical Cover Glass Designed for Automotive Infotainment Display
Authors: Kang Casey , Linder Michael , Layouni Khaled , Hota Belma , Lesuffleur Antoine , Park Jong-se , Sun Yawei , West James
Published: September 2020

Common cover glass for automotive infotainment system is adopted from the consumer electronics or architectural industries. A new technical cover glass is designed with high retained strength to enable passing HIT (Headform Impact Testing) without breakage and economic 3D shape designs. In addition, it has optics treatments (AR, AG, AR/AG) to improve display readability.
5‐3: Invited Paper: Towards Cost‐Effective ARIMR Display Systems: The Emergence of an Industrial Hardware Ecosystem allowing low cost mass production.
Authors: Kress Bernard , Pace Maria , Chatterjee Ishan
Published: September 2020

Augmented, mixed and virtual Reality (AR/MR) headsets as well as smart glasses have the potential to revolutionize how we work, communicate, travel, learn, teach, shop and get entertained. An MR headset places virtual content into the user's view of the real world, either via an optical see through mode (AR/MR) or video pass‐through‐mode (VR/MR). Today, the return on investment for MR use has been demonstrated widely for the enterprise and defense sectors, but only partially for consumer. In order to meet the high market expectations especially for the upcoming consumer field, several challenges must be addressed, most of them related to display and optical technologies addressing size, form factor, weight, costs, power consumption and, of course, performance (such as brightness, resolution, and contrast).
6‐1: Invited Paper: Lifetime Improvement of TADF‐OLEDs
Authors: Kim Jun-Yun , Hong Tae-Ryang , Choe Ik-Rang , Lee Ji-Ae , Ryu Hye-Gun , Seo Bo-Min , Yang Joong-Hwan , Han Chang-Wook , Baek Ji-Ho , Choi Hyun-Chul , Kang In-Byeong
Published: September 2020

To enhance color purity and operational lifetime of displays, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been intensively investigated. The key to success is a combination of a TADF‐based high bond dissociation energy (BDE) material as an assistant and a fluorescence‐based narrow FWHM material as an emitter. In this work, we report the R/G/B hyperfluorescence (HF)‐OLED which can emit high color purity with long operational lifetime (LT95). The optimized R/G‐HF‐OLEDs exhibited the LT95 of 230 hrs and 300 hrs with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 42 and 34 nm at 12.7 and 50 mA/cm2, respectively. Furthermore, B‐HF‐OLED reached the FWHM of 20 nm, External quantum efficiency of 20% and the LT95 of 300 hrs, which has more than doubled in efficiency of monochromic color, and nearly half in lifetime compared with B‐F‐OLED LT95 of 650 hrs at 300 nits.
6‐2: Invited Paper: Innovative Technological Progress of Lifetime in Hyperfluorescence™
Authors: Endo Ayataka , Kakizoe Hayato , Oyamada, Takahito , Adachi Junji
Published: September 2020

Hyperfluorescence™ (HF) combines TADF and fluorescence to provide narrow emission spectrum with four times higher emission efficiency than fluorescence. TADF acts as excitons generator and transfers excitons to fluorescence by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). HF also achieved long enough lifetime for AMOLED applications, such as smartphone not only by durable molecules but also by controlling charge balances in Emissive Layer (EML).
10‐3: Invited Paper: AM MLED backlight units on glass for 75‐inch LCD displays
Authors: Xu Hongyuan , Xiao Juncheng , Fei Jiayang , Zhao Rui , Wang Xu , Hao Sikun , Qiu Yongyuan , Liu Jinfeng , Li Yan , Zhuang Jiaqing , Hu Daobing , Zhang Shengdong , Zhang Xin
Published: September 2020

We developed AM miniLED local dimming (LD) backlight systems on glass for 75‐inch LCD displays, with each consisting of 5184 localing dimming zones. The 75‐inch display achieves a high dynamic contrast ratio of 1,000,000 : 1 and high brightness of more than 1000nits. This backlight system grants the LCD display with HDR performance, which is comparable to those of other products (Dual‐cells and OLEDs), by making the dark state real black. In addition, the system exhibits advantages such as low fabrication cost and long life time.
11‐1: High Reliability Flexible AMOLED Display with Algorithm Compensation for Automotive Application
Authors: Mou Xin , Xiang Lian , Wang Gang , Huang Xing , Liang Cuicui , Chen Guowei , Zhang Lin , Li Suncun , He Xueying , Hu Wenjie , Yang Kai , Yu Zhengmao , Yang Yan , Feng Youxiong , Wang Dawei , Qiu Haijun , Gao Wenbao
Published: September 2020

In this paper, IR‐drop, de‐mura and burn‐in compensation algorithms were developed and implemented in TCON IC to improve the Long Range Uniformity (LRU), display mura and burn in issue. By implemented these algorithms, the LRU were improved from 75.5% to 94.5%, the mura and burn in level were decreased from level 4 to level 1. Moreover, automotive grade reliability was passed for 12.3 inch FHD flexible AMOLED display intergraded with GOA technology and TCON driving circuit board.
12‐1: Invited Paper: Directional SPP Emission in OLEDs Using Diffractive Optical Elements
Authors: Fu Xiangyu , Chen Yi-An , Gogusetti Renuka , Shin Dong-Hun , Chang Chih-Hao , So Franky
Published: September 2020

We demonstrate a top emitting OLED on a 1D grating and determine the directional emission comes from the extracted surface plasmon polariton (SPP) mode. We then discuss a way to tune the emission angle continuously by changing the thickness of the capping layer.
14‐1: Flexible Large‐Area Multi‐Fingerprint Sensors based on Thermal Mass Detection
Authors: De Roose Florian , Mainguet Jean-François , Gallaire Didier , Martinent Audrey , Torchia Andrea , Emanuele Umberto , Sinopoli Stefano , Peeters Bart , Akkerman Hylke , van Breemen Albert , Kronemeijer Auke J. , Pouet Marina , Steudel Soeren , Myny Kris
Published: September 2020

This paper shows the concept and design of a flexible large‐area multi‐fingerprint sensor. The sensor detects the thermal mass of different materials, e.g. the skin with high heat capacity and air with very low heat capacity. We show the device architecture and readout strategies. The performance of the 500ppi flexible sensor is not influenced by bending with a radius of 5mm.
14‐3: Flexible Image Sensor Array Using IGZO TFT Backplane Technology for X‐ray Detector
Authors: Takita Rikiya , Nakamura Wataru , Kubota Akinori , Nakano Fumiki , Tomiyasu Kazuhide , Nakamura Yu , Makita Naoki
Published: September 2020

A flexible X‐ray sensor array using IGZO‐TFT was prototyped. It is known that IGZO‐TFT shows faster read‐out speed compared to amorphous silicon TFT. With such superior characteristics, IGZO‐TFT yield dynamic motion X‐ray detectors with great performance. In addition, flexible substrate realizes light‐weight and robust detector. In this paper we evaluated the IGZO‐TFT flexible sensor array and it showed good characteristics.
15‐1: Invited Paper: Manufacturing Technology of LTPO TFT
Authors: Chung Ui-Jin , Choi Seung-Chan , Noh So young , Kim Ki-Tae , Moon Kyeong-Ju , Kim Jeong-Hyun , Park Kwon-Shik , Choi Hyun-Chul , Kang In-Byeong
Published: September 2020

Low‐Temperature Poly‐Si and Oxide (LTPO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) have been successfully manufactured and the AMOLED panels with LTPO TFTs are adapted to Apple Watch. The manufacturing technology of LTPO TFT such as stack‐up structure, device characteristics, panel image quality with LRR driving, and degradation of reliability in oxide TFT is explained and discussed.
15‐4: New Gen. 6 Exposure Tools for 1.2 μm Resolution
Authors: Yabu Nobuhiko , Hakko Manabu , Takasaki Koichi , Okubo Toru , Oyanagi Takeo , Ando Miwako , Terashi Takaaki , Izumi Nozomu , Nagano Kouhei , Osaki Yoshinori
Published: September 2020

At Display Week 2019, we presented design concepts of new exposure tools with DUV and exposure results by a 6‐inch‐field test tool. This paper reports resolution performance of the new Gen.6 exposure tools. Latest exposure results of 1.2 μm L&S and 1.8 μm hole by the Gen.6 tool are presented.
16‐1: Invited Paper: Hybrid Full‐Color Micro‐LED Display with Quantum Dots Color Conversion by Using Inkjet‐Printing and Photo‐Lithography Methods
Authors: Gu Yang , Wang Tao , Jiang Bo , Li Jingjing , Wang Chenggong
Published: September 2020

In this work, a full‐color micro‐LED display is demonstrated with blue micro‐LED as backlight, photoluminescence quantum dots as color conversion layers. Both the inkjet‐printing and photolithography methods are used to fabricate the color conversion layers, in which the backlight and color conversion layers are bonded together by a UV glue.
16‐3: High‐end Displays Applications by Micro‐LEDs
Authors: Lin Chien-chung , Fang Yen-Hsiang , Kuo Wei-Hung , Liang Kai-Ling , Tseng Jie Ting , Hu Pin Hao , Lin Mao Chi , Wu Chih-I
Published: September 2020

As the request for high resolution display is rising, it is imperative to develop the corresponding micro‐LED technology to match this demand. In this paper, we demonstrate our latest efforts on color conversion patterning and seamless tiling for glass substrate. The color conversion can be achieved by colloidal quantum dots and we have patterns less than 10 microns deposited on LED chips. A continuous operation of more than 100 hours without linewidth broadening can be observed if quantum dots are well protected. The glass cutting technique was accomplished by optimized pulsed laser beam. The heat affected zone can be reduced from 100 to 15 microns. The resultant seamless tiling of the MicroLED on glass substrate can be demonstrated. These techniques can be useful for next generation of high end displays..
17‐3: A Novel Pixel‐level Local Dimming Backlight System for HDR Display Based on mini‐LED
Authors: Guan Enhui , Cheng Xinyi , Zhang Xiao , Wang Zhimao , Ma Xitong , Duan Ran , Li Xianzhen , Li Liang , Chen Shuo , Mu Xinxin
Published: September 2020

Recently, people present higher standard of the luminance and contrast for display system, especially for large UHD display which increasingly demands for HDR 1000 compatible. Compared with the side‐emitting LED backlight, direct lit‐type backlight can provides higher luminance, but global backlight control cannot satisfy high requirement for the contrast and the power loss. In order to improve the performance the backlight system, the local dimming backlight control with Mini‐LED become one of the best choices for us. In this paper, we present a pixel‐level local dimming backlight system, which is applied for the 75 inch UHD display system.
19‐4: Research on Reducing Motion Sickness of Playing First Person Shooting VR Game with Texture Blur
Authors: Tsai Ting-Lan , Chuang Chih-Hao , Chen Chien-Yu , Wu Pei-Jung , Chen Hung-Wei
Published: September 2020

In order to reduce motion sickness (MS), texture blur (TB) was used on the 3D objects in the First Person Shooting VR game. Simulator Sickness Questionnaire and ECG data were analyzed in our study, and significant differences were found by comparing “with TB” and “without TB” conditions.
20‐3: Universal Method to Inject Electrons into Organic Semiconductors Utilizing Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Fukagawa Hirohiko , Hasegawa Munehiro , Morii Katsuyuki , Oono Taku , Sasaki Tsubasa , Shimizu Takahisa
Published: September 2020

We have developed a universal method to inject electrons into organic semiconductors without using unstable conventional n‐dopants. The reduction of the injection barrier is induced by the formation of hydrogen bonds between a base, which is widely used as a catalyst in organic syntheses, and an organic semiconductor.
21‐3: Invited Paper: High Quality 8K4K Displays driven by Oxide Semiconductor Thin Film Transistor in the Generation 11 Equipment
Authors: Seo Hyun-Sik , Cao Weiran , Xiao Jun Cheng , Wu Yuan-Chun , Zhao Bin , ZHANG Xin , Yan Xiaolin
Published: September 2020

We have been developing amorphous‐InGaZnO (a‐IGZO) thin film transistors (TFTs) in generation 11 equipment, which has the cost advantage for future premium displays compared to generation 8.5. One Gate One Data (1G1D) 8K4K 85 inch GOA LCD TV has been developed using 4 mask back channel etched (BCE) structure. A 32 inch UD ink jet printing (IJP) OLED TV, oriented to 65 inch 8K4K TVs, driven by self‐aligned coplanar structure TFTs has been demonstrated adopting TFTs with transparent storage and 3.8um contact hole design. InGaSnO (IGTO) TFTs with the mobility of ~ 30 cm2V‐1s‐1 have been deveoped for future applications such as narrow bezel OLEDs and self‐luminous mini‐LEDs/micro LEDs with internal compensation circuit.
22‐5: Late‐News Paper: Silicone‐based Low‐k Material for Display
Authors: Park Yungjin , Swatowski Brandon , Ogawa Takuya , Jang EunKyung , Fu Peng-Fei , Chung Myunhwa
Published: September 2020

The encapsulation and insulation layers, which are typically located between a data electrode and a pixel electrode, should have low parasitic capacitance and enough electrical insulation to minimize signal distortion and crosstalk. Low dielectric constant (Dk) material reduces the parasitic capacitance and improve the insulation performance. New OLED flexible displays need organic‐based passivation and insulation materials for flexibility, light weight and productivity. Epoxy and acryl‐based materials were widely used in display industry for this purpose, but both have relatively higher Dk greater than 3.0, which limits to design new flexible displays and touch screen panels.

DOW has invented a low Dk optical material based on silicone technology. A Dk value of 2.5 was achieved with a low viscosity of 12–18 mPa.s at 25°C for jetting without solvent. The newly developed product can be cured at 1,000 mJ/cm2 energy density at 395 nm with a light emitting diode (LED) ultraviolet (UV) lamp. One of the target applications is a dielectric layer for touch screen panels on organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays, but it is not limited to this. This material enables display manufacturers to develop and design ultrathin and innovative touch screen panels; and the novel and patented technology can be applied to various applications that require low dielectric constant.
24‐2: Distinguished Student Paper: Fluorination for Enhancing the Resistance of Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc Oxide Thin‐Film Transistor against Hydrogen‐Induced Degradation
Authors: Wang Sisi , Shi Runxiao , Li Jiapeng , Lu Lei , Xia Zhihe , Kwok Hoi Sing , Wong Man
Published: September 2020

Amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc oxide (IGZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) with or without fluorinated channels were fabricated. The sensitivity of their electrical characteristics to hydrogen exposure was compared. It is shown that those built with fluorinated IGZO exhibit improved intrinsic resistance against hydrogen‐induced degradation. Such improvement correlates well with the reduced incorporation of hydrogen in the fluorinated channels, as revealed by secondary ion‐mass spectrometry. Fluorinated IGZO TFTs are better suited for integration with hydrogen‐containing devices, such as photo‐diodes based on amorphous hydrogenated silicon and TFTs based on low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon.
25‐3: Fault‐Tolerant Integrated Gate Driver for Flexible Displays
Authors: Jo Jae-Hee , Chung Hoon-Ju , Nam Sooji , Yang Jong-Heon , Kim Sujung , Lee Seung-Woo
Published: September 2020

This paper proposes a fault‐tolerant integrated gate driver for flexible displays. To achieve fault‐tolerance, decoder‐type gate driver circuit is chosen. Fault detection circuit and redundant circuits are also added. The function of the proposed circuit is verified by simulation and fabrication results. The measurement results of the proposed gate driver with 16 stages on PI substrate comprising a‐IGZO TFT is presented.
28‐2: Study of the Image Blur through FFS LCD Panel Caused by Diffraction for Camera under Panel
Authors: Tang Quan , Jiang He , Mei Xindong , Hou Shaojun , Jimmy  , Liu Guanghui , Cooper  , Li Zhifu
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we analyzed image blur problems through FFS LCD panels in camera under panel (CUP) application. By careful comparison of captured images with different panel components, we find that the fully‐covered RGB photo resists and 2‐domain pixel electrodes design will be the main contributors to the diffraction‐induced problem.
29‐4: Edge Strength Measurement of Free‐form Displays
Authors: Jang Bosun , Priestley Richard , Liu Dani , Ono Toshihiko , Segar Michael , Sundaram Bala
Published: September 2020

The Edge Strength Measurement System (ESMS) is proposed as method for measuring the edge strength of free‐form displays. Its feasibility on free‐form monolithic glass samples with varying radius of curvatures is demonstrated. Finite element modeling and digital image correlation are performed to determine the load‐to‐stress correlation and understand the measurement sensitivity. ESMS can provide full edge testing which can help detect weak flaws and improve product reliability of free‐form displays.
30‐3: Distinguished Paper: Sub‐Micron Full‐Color LED Pixels for Micro‐Displays and Micro‐LED Main Displays
Authors: Ra Yong-Ho , Wang Renjie , Stevenson Matthew , Coe-Sullivan Seth , Mi Zetian
Published: September 2020

We demonstrate a bottom‐up approach to the construction of micro‐LEDs as small as 150nm in lateral dimension. Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) is used to fabricate such nanostructured LEDs from InGaN, from the blue to red regions of the spectrum, providing a single material set useful for an entire RGB display.
31‐1: Invited Paper: The Multimodal Thin‐Film Transistor (MMT): A Versatile Low‐Power and High‐Gain Device with Inherent Linear Response
Authors: Bestelink Eva , de Sagazan Olivier , Bateson Max , Sporea Radu A.
Published: September 2020

A new device, the Multimodal Transistor (MMT), separates charge injection from conduction. With design optimization, it can achieve a constant transconductance with independent on/off switching of output current. This functionality has ample applications in energy efficient analog computation and hardware learning.
33‐2: Improving Image Quality of 360‐degree Tabletop 3D Screen System
Authors: Makiguchi Motohiro , Takada Hideaki , Kawakami Tohru , Sasai Mutsumi
Published: September 2020

For improving the image quality of a 360‐degree tabletop 3D screen system, we propose a method that uses 60 4K projectors to improve the resolution. We adopt a double‐stack projector array and show that linear blending is established. We also developed a screen that reduces stray light and achieves higher image quality.
35‐2: Influence of Low Ground Mass and Moisture Touch in On‐Cell Touch with Foldable AMOLED
Authors: Huang Shih-Hsuan , Su Wei-Jen , Ko Chien-Ming , Hsu Heng-Chia , Lin Hong-Shen
Published: September 2020

In this work, we overcome two TP sensing issue, including low ground mass and moisture touch error by changing sensor geometry and area while we were trying to reduce foldable on‐cell touch (FOCT) thickness and the design was successfully been demonstrated with high touch performance.
36‐2: Invited Paper: The Latest Breakthrough of Printing Technology for Next Generation Premium TV
Authors: Lee Jueng Gil(James) , Yu Lei , Zhuang Jinyong , Li Zhe , Chen Yawen , Dong Ting , Sun Xianwen , Yao Songjin , Xie Xiangwei , Fu Dong , Yan Xiaolin
Published: September 2020

The ink jet printing RGB patterning technology (“Printing Technology”) for OLED TV application is gathering momentum toward commercialization. The main technical challenges of printing technology, are (1) to improve the OLED TV panel performance fabricated by printing technology, and (2) to establish manufacturable the G8.5/G11 MURA‐Free printing technology. Recently, the printing technology has made tremendous progress in terms of OLED material performance( life time, current efficiency, color gamut and driving voltage) including optimization of top emission device architecture and maturity of MURA‐Free ink‐jet printing technology ,such as high performance ink‐jet printing equipment equipped with excellent print‐head in terms of drop volume uniformity and drop placement accuracy, ink formulation for reliable jetting, hydrophobic bank material/design/process and unique vacuum dry & bake process.

TCL Group (Guangdong Juhua Printed Display Technology, TCL Corporate Research, TCL CSOT) has been developing the manufacturable printing technology for TV application and innovative flexible display technology since 2015. Based on development activities of 31” 4K OLED TV, 31” 4K H‐QLED TV(World 1st Demo at CES 2019), 31” FHD Flexible Printed OLED TV and 4.92” (403ppi) high resolution panel, the latest breakthrough of printing technology for next generation premium TV is discussed in details.
36‐4: Solution‐Processed Transparent Top Electrode for QD‐LED
Authors: Hopkin Hywel T. , Boardman Edward A. , Smeeton Tim M.
Published: September 2020

A solution‐processed transparent electrode has been developed for use as a top electrode in a top‐emitting electroluminescent QD‐LED. The top electrode comprises an ITO nanoparticle film and a wire grid auxiliary electrode and provides a low sheet resistance of 1.6 Ω sq−1 and a high transmission of over 93% for visible light.
38‐1: Invited Paper: High‐Performance Metal‐Oxide Semiconductor based Optoelectronics
Authors: Kim Jaehyun , Kwon Sung Min , Jo Jeong-Wan , Jo Chanho , Kim Jaekyun , Kim Yong-Hoon , Kim Myung-Gil , Park Sung Kyu
Published: September 2020

We investigated high‐performance amorphous metal‐oxide semiconductor based optoelectronics using low‐temperature and solution process technologies. In particular, metal‐oxide and quantum dots hybrid phototransistors exhibited ultra‐high photodetectivity up to 4×1017Jones in a broad range of detection wavelength from ultraviolet to infrared ranges. In addition, we employed artificial visual perception circuit based on metal‐oxide synaptic transistors with metal chalcogenide semiconductors for optoelectronic neuromorphic devices. We also demonstrated large‐scaled ultra‐flexible and stretchable device showing promising next‐generation wearable optoelectronics.
39‐1: 8K Broadcast Monitor Display System
Authors: Duan Ran , Geng Lihua , Zhang Xiao , Ma XiTong , Okamura  , Xian Wang
Published: September 2020

BOE has been committing to the promotion and popularization of 8K display technology. In recent years, it has successively exhibited 65 ′/ 75′ / 98 / 110 ′8K TV or panel technology on Sid[1]. Nowadays, most of these technologies have been introduced into mass production, and some have been developed into formal products. The system introduced in this paper has been applied to the 8K broadcast monitor products. It can directly receive 4 channels of 12G‐SDI signals of 8K camera as input, and embed IP such as gamut conversion, Up‐Scaler, RGB Processor, Gamma Curve Adaptation, etc. Finally, the display effect of signals from different color gamut and different standards (SDR, BT.1886, HLG, PQ, etc.) is correctly displayed on it.
39‐3: Distinguished Student Paper: In‐Pixel Temperature Sensor for High‐Luminance Active‐Matrix Micro‐LED Display using LTPO TFTs
Authors: Chen Yuanfeng , Lee Suhui , Kim Hyunho , Lee Jiseob , Geng Di , Jang Jin
Published: September 2020

We propose an in‐pixel temperature sensor using LTPO TFTs for high luminance AM micro‐LED displays. By taking advantage of the different off‐current characteristics of p‐type LTPS TFTs and n‐type a‐IGZO TFTs under temperature change, we designed and fabricated a temperature sensor consists of only LTPO TFTs without additional sensing component or material. The fabricated sensor exhibits excellent temperature sensitivity of up to 71.8 mV/°C. In addition, a 64 x 64 temperature sensor array with 3T sensing pixel and integrated gate driver has also been fabricated, which demonstrates potential approach for maxing out the performance of high‐luminance AM micro‐LED display with real‐time in‐pixel temperature monitoring.
39‐4: A Method of Panel‐Current Limitation for Automotive OLED Displays
Authors: Kim Hyun-Chang , Park Sung-Chun , Baek Eun-Ryeol , Choe Won-Jun
Published: September 2020

This paper presents a method of limiting the panel current to a safe level to improve the reliability of automotive OLEDs. The proposed circuit consisting of the buck converter and the inverting buck‐boost converter supplies the positive and negative voltage (ELVSS) to the OLED panel, respectively. The load current is limited by adjusting the ELVSS voltage when abnormal situations such as panel damage or partial short circuit occur while driving. Thus, OLED displays can keep providing safety‐related information to the driver without being turned off. A prototype of the proposed circuit demonstrates limiting the load current to 1A despite the sudden change in load resistance.
40‐2: Demonstration of a Novel Single‐Layer Double‐Pass Optical Architecture for a Pupil‐Matched Occlusion‐Capable Optical See‐Through Head‐Mounted Display
Authors: Wilson Austin , Hua Hong
Published: September 2020

The rendering of mutual occlusion in optical see‐through head‐mounted displays (OST‐HMDs) poses several complex challenges. This paper discusses in detail these challenges and presents a novel optical architecture for enabling a compact, high performance, occlusion‐capable optical see‐through head‐mounted display (OCOST‐HMD) with correct, pupil‐matched viewing perspective. The proposed design utilizes a single‐layer, double‐pass architecture, offering a compact OCOST‐HMD solution to alleviate several of the main issues facing the state‐of‐art OST‐HMDs today. Our design is capable of rendering per‐pixel mutual occlusion with correct viewing perspective between virtual and real views while achieving a very wide see‐through field of view (FOV) in a wearable formfactor. Based on this optical architecture, we design and build a compact binocular prototype. The prototype offers a virtual display with an FOV of 34° by 22° with a wide see‐though FOV of 90° by 50°, within which about 40° diagonally is occlusion‐enabled. Further, the prototype system affords an angular virtual display resolution of 1.06 arc minutes per pixel, along with a modulated optical see‐through angular resolution of 1.0 arc minutes.
41‐4: Preparation of High Performance Top‐Emission OLED for Large Size Display
Authors: Hu Chunjing , Dai Qing , You Juanjuan , Cui Ying , Zhang Yue , Sun Li , Song Wenfeng , Wu Chang-Yen , Shih Huai-Ting , Wu Zhongyuan
Published: September 2020

In this paper we introduce a thermally evaporated optical regulating layer (ORL) to adjust the optical cavity length of solution top‐emission devices. ORL has high conductivity in the thickness range up to 1500 Å, which can meet the requirements of large‐sized printing OLED product process. Interface improvement layer (IIL) is further introduced to improve the carrier injection and enhance efficiency. Compared with the bottom device, the efficiency of optimized device increases by 2.0 times, while the voltage does not increase. Compared with the traditional solution top‐emission device, which has a narrow process window, the efficiency of optimized device increases by 15% and the voltage decreases by 0.8 V.
42‐5: Spoof Detection Scheme for Optical Fingerprint Sensors under the Display
Authors: Lee Soon-Gyu , Kim Jin-Woo , Ku Kyo-Won , Hwang Hee-Chul , Moon Seung-Hyun , Choe Won-Jun
Published: September 2020

This paper proposes a new method of detecting spoof attempts on optical fingerprint sensors. We use the light reflected from the epidermis and the dermis to detect real finger. It has high‐speed operation with no hardware addition. Therefore it can be easily applied to optical fingerprint sensors for mobile devices.
43‐4: Combining steady‐state, frequency, and time domain data for a comprehensive analysis of multilayer TADF OLEDs
Authors: Jenatsch Sandra , Züfle Simon , Blülle Balthasar , Ruhstaller Beat
Published: September 2020

Typically, organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are characterized only in steady‐state to determine and optimize their efficiency. Adding further electro‐optical measurement techniques in frequency and time domain helps to quantify charge carrier dynamics and provides deeper insight into the device physics. Combining experimental characterization with electro‐optical device simulation allows one to determine specific material parameters such as the charge carrier mobilities of the layers. Moreover, the obtained device model enables a better understanding of the limitations and degradation pathways of the specific OLED device.
44‐3: Invited Paper: Integration of additional functionalities into the frontplane of AMOLED displays
Authors: Malinowski Pawel E. , Ke Tung-Huei , Akkerman Hylke , van Breemen Albert , Cheyns David , Vandenplas Erwin , Hagelsieb Luis Moreno , Shanmugam Santhosh , Kronemeijer Auke Jisk , Heremans Paul
Published: September 2020

Smartphone displays are leading the transformation from LCD to AMOLED. New form factors require deeper integration of functionalities other than light emission into the panel. Scaling, photolithography, new materials and novel device architectures enable inclusion of new functionalities into displays, such as light sensing, biometrics and user interactions.
44‐4: A Brief Survey of MicroLED Technologies
Authors: Kymissis Ioannis , Behrman Keith
Published: September 2020

Micro‐LED displays, in which LEDs are controlled at the individual pixel level to form high‐resolution information displays, offer the opportunity to develop systems with extraordinary properties. In this work, we will offer a brief survey of the field, including a taxonomy of microLED displays, limits to scaling, and a discussion of the major modern approaches for fabrication, assembly, and drive.