bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Managing Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy in Indonesia: A Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Hypoallergenic Milk Formulas from the Private Payers’ Perspective
Authors: Paquete Ana Teresa , Martins Rui , Connolly Mark P. , Hegar Badriul , Munasir Zakiudin , Stephanus Stephanus
Published: September 2022

Background: Cow’s milk protein allergy is very common in early childhood. Extensively hydrolyzed formulas are recommended in the first-line management of cow’s milk protein allergy in non-breastfed children. Choice of formulas should be informed by efficacy and cost data.

Objectives: This study aims to compare the cost-effectiveness of extensively hydrolyzed casein formula with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Gorbach Goldin (EHCF+LGG), extensively hydrolyzed whey formula (EHWF), amino acid formula, and soy formula in the first-line management of cow’s milk protein allergy in non-breastfed children in Indonesia.

Methods: A trial-based decision analytic cohort model was adapted to simulate the occurrence of cow’s milk protein allergy symptoms or being symptom free. The model was based on a prospective nonrandomized study that followed up children for 36 months. Costs and health consequences were discounted at 3% annually. Resources required to manage cow’s milk protein allergy and unit costs for clinical appointments and exams were based on a panel of 15 clinicians, from a private payers’ perspective. Other unit costs were based on publicly available national data. Results were reported as cost per additional child free from allergic manifestations or per additional immunotolerant child at 3 years, and per life-years under the same conditions. Uncertainty was assessed using deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis.

Results: Children receiving EHCF+LGG were associated with more symptom-free time, a higher probability of cow’s milk tolerance at 3 years, and lower healthcare resources and transportation use when compared with children receiving other formulas (with 38%-49% lower costs). Formula costs were lower for soy, but EHCF+LGG was predicted to save 9% and 54% of overall costs compared with extensively hydrolyzed whey formula and amino acid formula, respectively. Results were robust to sensitivity analyses.

Conclusion: Use of EHCF+LGG resulted in more symptom-free time and the highest 3-year probability of cow’s milk tolerance. It also led to healthcare resource and transportation savings when compared with other hypoallergenic milk formulas. Soy formula remained an alternative if formula price represents a major constraint.
Removing the State Opt-Out for Demand Response
Authors: Carroll Ben
Published: September 2022

In 1935, Congress enacted the Federal Power Act. The Act split jurisdiction over electricity generation and distribution between the Federal and state governments. The Act delegated to the Federal government jurisdiction over interstate wholesales and interstate transmission. The Act gave state governments jurisdiction over intrastate wholesales, intrastate transmission, generation, local distribution, and retail sales. Big, vertically-integrated monopoly utilities dominated the market before and for 60 years after the passage of the Act. However, over time, changes in technology and policy in the wholesale market eroded the dominance of those vertically-integrated monopoly utilities and complicated this jurisdictional bright line.

In 2011, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) issued Order 745, requiring wholesale markets to permit demand response to operate on equal footing to traditional sources of generation. Unlike typical electricity generation, demand response involves paying consumers for a commitment not to consume electricity at a certain time. The Supreme Court sustained that Order in the 2016 case FERC v. Electric Power Supply Association. The Order allowed states to opt out of FERC’s demand response rules. This Note advocates for the removal of that state opt-out, analyzes its likely success against court challenges, and explores the possible limits of FERC jurisdiction after the 2020 case National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners v. FERC. If demand response reaches its full potential, it could provide as much electricity as hundreds of peak power plants. Removing the opt-out and integrating all possible demand response resources into the wholesale market is particularly timely and important given its potential to alleviate the economic and human toll from widespread blackouts such as the February 2021 Texas power system failure.
Un-Repeal: Reviving the Arms Control Impact Statements
Authors: Koplow David
Published: September 2022

From the late 1970s into the early 1990s, U.S. federal law mandated the executive branch to prepare annual analytical documents known as Arms Control Impact Statements (ACIS). These instruments – obviously patterned after the Environmental Impact Statements (EIS), which had been inaugurated only a few years previously – were intended to prod the national security community to undertake more rigorous, multi-dimensional study of major weapons programs, and to provide Congress and the American public with enhanced, timely information about key arms procurement decisions.

However, unlike the EIS process – which rapidly became institutionalized, and which has proliferated to multiple tiers of government and around the world over the past fifty years – the ACIS process was a conspicuous failure. It was widely regarded as a meaningless exercise, consuming immense bureaucratic resources and hardly ever changing any outcomes – a colossal waste of time. The statute that created the ACIS operation was amended to abolish the entire program after only a decade and half of fitful operation.

This Article undertakes to compare the starkly different case histories of the ACIS and EIS programs, with an eye to revival of the former in an appropriately modified form. It analyzes the goals of the legislation and the key features accounting for success and failure, and makes recommendations for a modern revival of ACIS that are based upon lessons learned in other contexts. The proposal seeks to underscore the concept that arms control is a key element in sound national security policy, to promote more systematic, wide-ranging analysis in support of key national decision-making, and to empower the legislative branch, as well as the public, to participate in policy debates in a more informed, timely manner.
Penggabungan Bahan Aktif Insektisida dalam Pengendalian Hama Lalat Buah pada Tanaman Jeruk (Citrus Sinensis L)
Authors: Sembiring Meriksa , Depari Abdi S
Published: September 2022

Telah dilakukan penelitian berjudul "Penggabungan Bahan Aktif Insektisida  dalam Pengendalian Hama Lalat Buah Pada Tanaman Jeruk (Citrus sinensis L.) Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak (RAK) non faktorial dengan kombinasi obat, sebagai berikut; C1 = bahan aktif Fenvalerat 1,5 cc / liter air, C2 = bahan aktif Acephate 1 g / liter air, C3 = bahan aktif Cypermethrin 1,5 cc / liter air, C4 = bahan aktif Acephate + Fenvalerat + 2,5 cc / liter air, C5 = bahan aktif Cypermethrin + Fenvalerat + 2,5 cc / liter air, C6 = bahan aktif Cypermethrin + acephate + 2,5 cc / liter air, C7 = bahan aktif Acephate + Fenvalerat + Cypermethrin 3,5 cc / liter air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa campuran 3 jenis bahan aktif insektisida dapat menekan persentase serangan lalat buah sehingga dapat menyelamatkan buah untuk produksi yang lebih tinggi.
Klasifikasi Tarsius berdasarkan Jumbai Ekor
Authors: Dahang Donatus
Published: September 2022

Telah dilakukan penelitian pengelompokkan Tarsius berdasarkan jumbai ekor. Pengukuran jumbai ekor Tarsius dilakukan pada sejumlah spesimen yang dikoleksi di Museum Zoologi Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia Cibinong-Bogor. Percobaan Metode Analisis Multivariasi dilakukan untuk menganalisis data tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumbai ekor dapat dipakai untuk mengelompokkan spesies Tarsius. Tarsius wilayah timur (Eastern Tarsier) dan Tarsius wilayah barat (Western Tarsier) dapat dengan mudah dikelompokkan menggunakan jumbai ekor dengan validitas silang (cross-validated) 100%. Di antar Tarsius wilayah timur, 100% dapat dikelompokkan berdasarkan pulau penyebarannya, tetapi validitas silangnya hanya 26.7%. Tarsius wilayah barat 88% dapat diklasifikasikan dengan tepat berdasarkan pulau penyebarannya, tetapi validitas silangnya hanya 5,9%.
Perlakuan Pembelahan Umbi Bibit dan Perendaman Fungisida Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Authors: Sembiring Riduan , Ginting Jhon Alvin
Published: September 2022

Penelitian dengan judul “Perlakuan Pembelahan Umbi Bibit dan Perendaman Fungisida Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Kentang (Solonum tuberosum L.)yangtelah dilaksanakan di BIH Kuta Gadung Berastagi, Penelitian dilakukan sejak bulan Maret – Juni 2014. Bertujuan Mengetahui pengaruh pembelahan umbi bibit kentang, perendaman larutan Fungsida terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kentang dan untuk mengetahui interaksi antar pembelahan umbi bibit dengan larutan Fungsida pada pertumbuhan dan produksi. Rancangan percobaan yang dilakukan adalah dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial. Faktor pertama adalah pengujian pembelahan umbi bibit kentang (B) terdiri dari Yo (tanpa pembelahan), B1 (pembelahan menjadi 2), B2 (pembelahan menjadi 4). Faktor II adalah pengujian dosis fungisida (K) terdiri dari Ko (tanpa fungisida), K1 (1g/lt air), K2 (3 g/lt air) dan K3 (6 g/lt air). Hasil penelitian pembelahan umbi bibit memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata (p > 0.05) terhadap pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman pada 5 dan 6 mst, Produksi (per sampel dan plot) dan sebagai bibit yang terbaik adalah tanpa pembelahan (Yo . Penggunaan dosis fungisida (K) juga memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata (p > 0.05) terhadap pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman (5 dan 6 mst) dan Produksi. Pengaruh kombinasi perlakuan berdasarkan analisa tidak menunjukkan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata (p < 0.05) dan sebagai dosis anjuran digunakan adalah kombinasi bibit tanpa pembelahan dan penggunaan fungisida pada 3 g/liter air (BoK2).
Potensi Jamur Trichoderma spp Untuk Mengendalikan Jamur Phatogen Tanah (Layu Bakteri dan Layu Fusarium) pada Tanaman Kentang
Authors: Tarigan Rasiska , Barus Susilawati , Hutabarat Rina C
Published: September 2022

Kentang merupakan salah satu komoditas hortikultura dengan nilai ekonomi tinggi. Masalah budidaya kentang merupakan salah satu serangan penyakit tanaman. Penyakit pengendali menggunakan jamur antagonis. Penelitian yang bertujuan adalah untuk mendapatkan jenis Trichoderma spp yang secara spesifik mengendalikan jamur phatogen serangan kentang di lapangan. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Berastagi. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) faktorilal dengan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan pertama adalah waktu aplikasi Trichoderma yang terdiri dari WT1 = Terapan Trichoderma spp diberikan satu minggu sebelum penanaman kentang di lapangan. WT2 = Terapan Trichoderma spp diberikan satu minggu setelah tanam, WT3 = Terapan Trichoderma spp diberikan dua minggu setelah tanam. Faktor kedua adalah jenis isolat Trichoderma spp terdiri dari JT 1 = Trichoderma koninggi, JT2 = Trichoderma harzianum, JT3 = Trichoderma viride. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa waktu aplikasi Trichoderma spp (W1 = 1 minggu sebelum tanam) dan Trichoderma viride lebih efektif menekan persentase penyakit layu bakteri, layu fusarium dan hawar daun dan intensitas penyakit hawar daun (Phytopthora infestans) pada bidang. Dalam produksi kentang yang diproduksi Trichoderma harzianum lebih tinggi pottao produksi daripada Trichoderma viride tetapi berbeda signifikan kentang produksi penggunaan Trichoderma viride
Perubahan Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) dari Pengaruh Penggunaan Pupuk Organik dan Dosis Pupuk KC1
Authors: Tarigan Sumatera , Sembiring Meriksa
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Lahan Penelitian Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Quality Berastagi, Kecamatan Berastagi, Kabupaten Karo, Sumatera Utara, dengan ketinggian ±1250 – 1500 meter dari permukaan laut. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober 2016 – Januari 2017. Dengan judul penelitian “Perubahan Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Bawang Merah (Allium Ascalonicum L.) Dari Pengaruh Penggunaan Pupuk Organik Dan Dosis Pupuk KCl “. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Faktorial dengan 2 faktor diujikan sekali gus. Faktor I : Dosis pemberian Kompos Asap dengan symbol “O” dengan taraf :O0 : Kontrol ( tanpa perlakuan ), O1 : 350 gram/ plot, O2 : 550 gram/ plot, O3 : 750 gram/ plot. Faktor II : Dosis pemberian Pupuk KCL dengan symbol “K” dengan taraf : K0 : Kontrol ( tanpa perlakuan ), K1 : 18 gram/ plot, K2 : 24 gram/ plot, K3 : 30 gram/ plot. Parameter yang diamati adalah Komponen pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) yang diamati adalah : Tinggi Tanaman (cm), Berat Tanaman Sampel (g), Berat Tanaman /Plot (g). Berdasarkan hasil analisa dan uji beda rata-rata diperoleh pada berbeda nyata nyata (p > 0.05) terhadap tinggi tanaman, produksi (g/sampel) dan produksi (kg/plot) sedangkan jumlah daun berbeda tidak nyata (p > 0.05).
Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk Fosfat dan Sulfur Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Kentang Varietas Granola dalam Polibag
Authors: Karo Bina
Published: September 2022

Tanaman kentang merupakan tanaman sayuran yang sangat diminati oleh konsumen. Dalam teknik budidaya, salah satu faktor penting yang mempengaruhi produktivitas adalah pembuahan. Penggunaan pemupukan yang tepat akan mempengaruhi produktivitas. Oleh karena itu, penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pupuk Fosfat dan belerang pada pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kentang varietas granola pada polybag. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan April - Agustus 2016 di kebun percobaan Berastagi, dengan ketinggian ± 1340 meter di atas permukaan laut, tipe tanah andisol. Desain yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial dengan 3 ulangan, dimana Faktor 1 = Dosis Fosfat (P0: 0, P1: 100 kg P2O5 / ha, P2: 150 kgP2O5 / ha, P3: 200 kg P2O5 / ha). Faktor 2 = Sulfur dosis (S0: 0, S1: 30 kg S / ha, S2: 60 kg S / ha, S3: 90 kg S / ha). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pupuk fosfat dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman kentang, pupuk fosfat dapat meningkatkan produksi umbi kentang. Pupuk belerang tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif dan produksi kentang.
Pengaruh Pemberian Tiga Isolat Trichoderma spp terhadap Pertumbuhan Vegetatif dan Produksi Kentang Var Granola
Authors: Barus Susilawati , Tarigan Rasiska , Hutabarat Rina C
Published: September 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan jenis trichoderma spp yang secara spesifik memacu pertumbuhan vegetatif dan produksi kentang. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK Faktorial) dengan 3 ulangan yaitu Faktor Pertama I adalah waktu aplikasi Trichoderma yang terdiri atas WT1 = Diaplikasikan Trichoderma spp satu minggu sebelum tanam kentang dilapangan. WT2 = Diaplikasikan Trichoderma spp satu minggu setelahtanam, WT3 = Diaplikasikan Trichoderma spp dua minggu setelah tanam. Faktor kedua adalah Jenis isolate Trichoderma spp diberikan terdiri atas JT 1 = Trichoderma koninggi, JT2 = Trichoderma harzianum, JT3 = Trichoderma viride. Perlakuan waktu aplikasi Trichoderma spp (W1= 1 minggu sebelum tanam) menunjukkan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan produksi kentang. Sedangkan perlakuan jenis Trichoderma spp yang diberikan Trichoderma harzianum menghasilkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan produksi lebih tinggi dibandingkan jenis Trichoderma viride dan koninggi.
PENGARUH CAMPURAN PATI JAGUNG DAN GLISEROL SEBAGAI EDIBLE COATING SIFAT FISIK DAN KIMIA ALPUKAT (Persea gratissima gaertn ) SELAMA PENYIMPANAN
Authors: Sari Maya , Manik Firman Ganda
Published: September 2022

The research was conducted with the aim to determine the effect of the mixture between corn starch and glycerol as edible coating on the physical and chemical properties of avocados during storage. The study used a non factorial RAL (complete randomized design) method with the comparison of glycerol, corn starch and aquades as follows: G1 = 2.5ml glycerol + 10g corn starch + 500 ml aquades; G2 = 5ml glycerol + 10 g corn starch + 500 ml aquades; G3 = 7.5 ml glycerol + 10 g corn starch + 500 ml aquades; G4 = 10 ml glycerol + 10 g corn starch + 500 ml aquades. Each treatment was stored for 15 days with observations starting at 0 days, 3 days, 6 days, 9 days, 12 days, and 15 days. The giving of edible coating gave a significant effect on weight loss and sensory test of avocado during 15 days of storage, and gave no significant effect on total acid content and vitamin C content of avocados. Storage duration has an effect on weight loss and sensory test. The best edible coating layer in all concentration treatments was in treatment (G1) using 2.5 ml glycerol because it was better at inhibiting weight loss and changing the color of avocados.
ANALISIS RETURN ON INVESTMENTPADA USAHA PETERNAKAN SAPI PERAH PT. SARI INDAH KECAMATAN PEKALONGAN BARAT KOTA PEKALONGAN
Authors: Haloho Ruth Dameria
Published: September 2022

This study aims to determine the feasibility of dairy farming business seen from its financial aspects and to find out how much profit gained from the overall investment invested. This research was carried out on the dairy farming business at PT Sari Indah, West Pekalongan Subdistrict, Pekalongan City. The research method used is the case study method. The selection of research locations with consideration of PT Sari Indah's dairy farming business is a profitable business because it is able to carry out livestock farming independently, and produce milk with good quality. The data analysis in this study was used, namely: Return On Investment (ROI), the results showed that the ROI value was 35.89%. The conclusion of this study is the dairy farming business of PT. Sari Indah was declared financially feasible because it was able to generate a return on investment invested, and the revenue received was greater than
KARAKTER MUTU STRAWBERRY (Fragaria virginiana) SELAMA PENYIMPANAN DENGAN PERLAKUAN EDIBLE COATING CAMPURAN SORBITOL DAN PATI SAGU
Authors: Winardi Rafael Remit , Harefa Mintaria
Published: September 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of the use of sorbitol and sago starch as edible coating on the quality of strawberry (Fragaria virginiana) during storage and to determine the quality and freshness quality of strawberries after the addition of sorbitol on the patisagu as edible coating during storage. ) Non factorial arranged factorial with 2 factors. Factor I: Comparison of sorbitol, sago starch and distilled water2 = concentration of 0 ml sorbitol (control) + 10 gram sago starch + aqudes 500 ml, S1 = concentorasisitbitol 1 ml + 10 gram sago starch + aqudes 500 ml, S2 = concentration of 3 ml sorbitol + 10 gram sago starch + aqudes 500 ml, S3 = 5 ml sorbitol concentration + 10 gram sago starch + aqudes 500 ml, S4 = 7 ml sorbitol concentration + 10 gram sago starch + 500 ml aqudes starch. Factor II is the length of storage, as long as 5 days. The results showed that the concentration of sorbitol and sago starch as edible coating on strawberry (Fragaria virginiana) quality during storage was not significantly different from weight loss with 1 ml sorbitol concentration at storage (2 days), ie 0.03%. It was also not significantly different from Vitamin C with the concentration of sorbitol 3 ml at storage (5 days), that is, 0.05%. Similarly, the total acid level was not significant with a concentration of 3 ml at storage (4 days), that is, 0.10%. And also the color followed was not significant with the concentration of 5 ml sorbitol at storage (4 days) which was 3.2%.
PEMANFAATAN EKSTRAK KULIT JERUK DALAM MENGENDALIKAN ULAT Plutella xylostella TANAMAN KUBIS SKALA LABORATORIUM
Authors: Tarigan Rasiska , Manik Fatiani , Hutabarat Rina. C.
Published: September 2022

Plutella xylostella is the main pest to attack cabbage plants. The farmers was to control the Plutella xylostella by using insecticides chemical so that it has effect a negative impact on the environment and human health. So that to control it by used of vegetable fungicides and that are environmentally friendly. The objective of this study was obtain the effect and benefits of several orange extractsskin to controlling Plutella xylostellaon cabbage by a laboratory scale. The experimental was conducted in the laboratory of pests and diseases in the experimental farm of Berastagi, Indonesian of Vegetable Research Institute in January-April 2018. The treatment was consisted based onl randomized complete design non factorial. The treatment was consisting of ten treatments and three replications, It is namely: k0: control / water, k1 : lime skin extract 10 ml / 1 l, k2: extract of lime skin 20 ml, k3: extract of lime skin 30 ml/1l, k4: extract of kaffir lime skin 110 ml / 1 l k5: extract of kaffir lime skin 20 ml / k6: extract of kaffir lime skin 30 ml / 1l, k7: extract of sweet orange peel 10 ml / 1l, k8: extract of sweet orange peel 20 ml / 1l, k9: extract of sweet orange peel 30 ml / 1l and repeated 3 times. The each treatment has 10 sample of caterpillar. The variables observed were the percentage of mortality, time of death and symptoms of death. The results showed that the extract orange skin was effective to controlling Plutella xylostellalarvae on 30 ml / 1l consentration. The kinds skin of extract orange was significant effect to controlling plutella xylostela larvae, the namely orange skin is neem extract with 10 ml/1l until 20 ml/1 l concentration
PENGARUH KOMBINASI PUPUK KANDANG AYAM dan PUPUK KANDANG SAPI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN dan PRODUKSI TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum L.) VARIETAS BATU IJO
Authors: Sinaga Efron Evantius , Dahang Donatus , Tarigan Sumatera
Published: September 2022

This research aims to determine the effect of combination of chicken manures and cow sheds to growth and production batu ijo shallot of varieties. The research was carried out in the field of Horticultural Seed Main Unit Kutagadung Berastagi, Berastagi District, Karo Regency, North Sumatra, in the elevation of ± 1,350 m above sea level. The research was conducted in June 2019 - August 2019. This research used the Non Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) method, was aplied: a combination of chicken manures and cow sheds, symbol (K): control (K0), 100% chicken coop (K1), 80% chicken coop + 20% cow shed (K2), 60% chicken coop + 40% cow shed (K3), 40% chicken coop + 60% cow shed (K4), 20% coop chicken + 80% cow shed (K5) and 100% cow shed (K6), seven treatments and four replications. Data obtained were performed analysis of variance with a F test of 5% level. The significant difference (p <0.05), results would be to the DMRT test. The results shownd that the treatment of the combination of chicken manure and cow shed had a significant effect (p <0.05) on the variable growth of plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, number of tubers, tuber diameter, production per sample, and production per plot. Howere the highest average was found in the treatment of 100% chicken coops (K1) and followed the treatment of 100% cow pens (K6).
EFEKTIFITAS BERBAGAI MULSA DAN KETEBALAN DALAM MENEKAN PERTUMBUHAN GULMA TEKI-TEKIAN (Chyperus rotundus L.) PADA BUDIDAYA BAWANG MERAH (Allium cepa L.)
Authors: Sitinjak Lentina , Butar-butar Juli Lousiana
Published: September 2022

Chyperus rotundus L. is a weed that is very fast spreading, growing and developing. Nut weeds can have a high adaptability seen from the ability to grow in various types of land. Starting from dry land, humid land to wet / inundated or muddy land. Sandy, clay or sandy loam land. This nut weed also has a high competitive power in terms of its ability to compete with other weeds, to keep growing and tends to be the dominant weed in a planted area. Various attempts were made to suppress the growth of this weed nut. Mulch is a method used to suppress the growth of nut weeds in this study. There are three types of mulch used in this study, namely rice husks, rice straw and reeds and control treatment. The three mulches were applied to two thicknesses, namely the thickness of 250 gr / plot and 500 gr / plot. The results showed that the inorganik mulch treatment of rice husks, straw and alang alang and its thickness of 250 g / m² and 500 g / m² did not have a significant effect in suppressing the growth of nut weed (Chyperus rotundus L.). Straw mulch first undergoes decomposition compared to rice husk mulch and Imperata, so that the percentage of growth of shallot (allium cepa L.) plants is higher than with submerged mulch and reeds.
PENGENDALIAN HAMA TONGKOL JAGUNG (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner ) DAN PENGGEREK BATANG (Spodoptera frugiferda) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN JAMUR ENTOMOPATOGEN PADA TANAMAN JAGUNG MANIS DI DESA BANJARAN DELISERDANG
Authors: Fadhillah Wizni , Susanti Rini , Novita Aisar , Lisdayani Lisdayani
Published: September 2022

Corn is the second important food crop commodity after rice. Besides being used as food, corn is also used as animal feed. The low yield of maize is caused by many factors including physical factors (climate, soil and land types) and biological factors (varieties, pests, diseases and weeds), as well as socio-economic factors. The polyphagous nature of Helicoverpa armigera and the unavailability of varieties that are resistant to these pests have caused control practices to be carried out to date still depend on the use of insecticides. Biological control agents such as M. anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana, and Bacillus thuringiensis are the main control components. Utilization of biological agents has several advantages, especially selectivity, although it must be admitted that it is not as effective as insecticides with chemically active ingredients. The use of entomopotagen fungi is an environmentally friendly pest control and can be propagated by farmers. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of environmentally friendly entomopathogenic fungi in controlling corn cob pests (Helicoverpa armigera) and corn stem borer (Spodoptera frugiferda) in Banjaran Deliserdang Village. The research method used is non-factorial RAK. From this study it was found that the intensity of S. frugiferda attack with the use of the entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana showed the best effect with the intensity of S. frugiferda attack which was 9.28% while the H. armigera pest used B. bassiana with an attack intensity of 9.08%. The use of B. bassiana can reduce the attack of S. frugiferda pests on corn plantations.
IKAP DAN PERILAKU PEDAGANG SAYUR DALAM MENGAMBIL KEPUTUSAN MEMPEROLEH KREDIT USAHA DI BANK KONVENSIONAL (Studi Kasus: Pasar Induk Lau Chi, Kabupaten Deli Serdang)
Authors: Sinaga Roida Ervina , Simbolon Juliana , Sitepu Jupianus
Published: September 2022

ABSTRAKPenelitian “Sikap dan Perilaku Pedagang Sayuran Dalam Mengambil Keputusan Memperoleh Kredit Usaha di Bank Konvensional (Studi Kasus: Pasar Induk Lauchi, Kabupaten Deli Serdang) Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui 1. sikap dan perilaku pedagang sayuran dalam mengambil keputusan memperoleh kredit usaha rakyat, 2. tingkat pengetahuan pedagang terhadap kredit usaha rakyat. Metode penentuan daerah yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode random sampling. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode simple random sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 30 sampel. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sikap pedagang terhadap kredit usaha rakyat adalah positif sebesar 90% sebanyak 27 orang pedagang dan perilaku pedagang memakai kredit usaha rakyat adalah meminjam dengan persentase 100% sebanyak 30 orang pedagang. Tingkat pengetahuan petani terhadap kredit usaha rakyat sangat baik dengan perolehan persentase diatas 70% petani memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang baik tentang kredit usaha rakyat. Luaran penelitian internal ini adalah laporan akhir dan dipublikasikan di online journal system (OJS) Agrotechnosains Universitas Quality serta diseminar dalam webinar tingkat local Universitas Quality. Kata Kunci: Sikap, Perilaku dan Tingkat Pengetahuan.ABSTRACTThe study is “ The attitude and behavior of the vegetable vendor in his decision to obtain business credit at the konvensional bank (case study : Lau Chi stock market, Deli Serdang district). The aim of this study is to know the vegetable vendor’s attitude and behavior in making decision earn credit for community business. Second, the merchant’s knowledge level of credit to the business of the people’s entrepreneurship method used in this study is the method of random sampling. The taking of the sam[le was done by the simple random sampling method of 30 samples. The analysis method used is a deducative method based on research shows that the traders’attitude toward credit from the business is as positive as 90% of 27 people and the behavior of the traders using credit from their businesses is to borrow 100% as many as 30 traders. The farmer’s knowledge of credit of the establishment is excellent, with a percentage of up to 70% of the farmer’s good knowledge of credeit, the internal research broad. This is the final report and published in the online journal system Agrotechnoscience of Quality University, and was published in a local seminar in Quality University.
RANCANG BANGUN KOMPOSTER AEROB DAN ANAEROB UNTUK MENGURANGI SAMPAH ORGANIK RUMAH TANGGA
Authors: Sinaga Robert , Christy Julieta , Haloho Ruth Dameria
Published: September 2022

This objective of this study was design and manufacture a simple drum compost reactor (composter) to be able to process organic waste into compost so as to reduce the problem of organic waste towards generation-z let’s go organic in the orphanage sinar indah cahaya bersama. The method used was engineering or modification, design research activities that are not routine so that contributions are generated in the form of processes and products. The result of the composter was vertical type aerobic composter drum without mixing system with parts up cover, composting room, filter, filter support posts, leachate chamber (liquid organic fertilizer), pipes and air vents covered with gauze, solid compost discharge holes and faucet dispensing liquid organic fertilizer.
APLIKASI KOMPOS MUCUNA BRACHTEATA SEBAGAI UPAYA REKLAMASI LAHAN TERHADAP SIFAT FISIKA DAN KIMIA TANAH PASCA ERUPSI DI KABUPATEN KARO
Authors: Saragih Chaula Lutfia , Azhimah Fauzul
Published: September 2022

Volcanic ash resulted in the death of many farmers' crops on the slopes of the mountain. The area of land in the agricultural sector damaged by the eruption of Mount Sinabung, North Sumatra reached 50,921 ha, consisting of food crops, horticulture, and plantations and 12,399 ha of which crop failure. Problems that arise in volcanic plant growing land if used as media are not suitable to support plant growth optimally. This research was conducted at the location of soil sampling in Sukadebi Village, Namateren District, Karo Regency. This study aims to reclaim the post-eruption soil by utilizing organic material from Mucuna Brachteata compost so that it can be reused into productive agricultural land through sustainable environmental conservation. This research was conducted in 2021, using an experimental method with data analysis of Randomized Block Design. The results showed that the post-eruption soil and mucuna brachteata compost and the interaction of the two treatments had a significant effect on the parameters of the physical properties of the soil, but did not significantly affect the parameters of the chemical properties. Based on the results of the study, it is recommended to conduct further research by giving higher doses to the treatment of mucuna brachteata compost.
STRATEGI PEMASARAN DAN PENGOLAHAN GULA AREN DI DESA BULUH AWAR SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Br. Simbolon Juliana , Sinaga Roida Ervina , Sitepu Jupianus , Sinaga Dedi Erno
Published: September 2022

The study “Marketing and Processing Strategies of sugar palm in Buluh Awar village, North Sumatera. The aim of this study is to discover how the internal and external factors that af ect palm sugar processing and how the marketing and processing of sugar palm in Buluh Awar village, North Sumatera. This study carried out from October 2021 to March 2022. This study used sample collecting by sensus, in this study the sample used is 20 respondens. The sample in this study was the owner of the sugar palm factory who was in the Buluh Awar village, North Sumatera. Currently the challenge faced by agro-sugar palm industries is marketing of limited products at only traditional market in Deli Serdang regency and Medan city. Adjacent to it, the product creation runs through the order, the manufacturer acts as the recipient of the price
PENGARUH KEPUASAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI DINAS PERIKANAN KABUPATEN KARO
Authors: Sembiring Menanti , Ginting Munthe Rikawati , Br Tarigan Sriwahyuni
Published: September 2022

Job satisfaction is closely related to employee performance. This study aims to determine the effect of job satisfaction on the performance of the employees of the Karo Regency Fisheries Service. The sample in this study is a saturated sample so that all employees of the Karo Regency Fisheries Service as many as 37 people become subjects. Data were analyzed by simple linear regression analysis. Based on the calculations obtained the results of a simple linear regression equation; Y = 9.414+0.736X+e and the value of tcount = 9.206 while the value of ttable = 2.030 with a significance of 0.000 <0.05 or the value of tcount > ttable (9.206 > 2.030), meaning that job satisfaction z is 0.708. which means that 70.80% employee performance is influenced by job satisfaction and 29.20% can be explained by other variables outside this research model.
MODEL STOKASTIK PERTUMBUHAN PENDUDUK DI KABUPATEN KARO MENGGUNAKAN PERHITUNGAN POLA KELAHIRAN, KEMATIAN DAN PERPINDAHAN
Authors: Sinuhaji Ferdinand , Simamora Indah
Published: September 2022

Pertumbuhan penduduk adalah perubahan jumlah penduduk baik pertambahan maupun penurunannya. Pertumbuhan penduduk di suatu wilayah dipengaruhi oleh besarnya kelahiran (Birth), kematian (Death), perpindahan masuk (In Migration), dan perpindahan keluar (Out Migration). Terdapat tiga faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan penduduk yang pertama adalah kelahiran, kematian, dan perpindahan. Pertumbuhan penduduk di Kabupaten Karo terdata mengalami kenaikan dari tahun ke tahun BPS (2017). Dari fakta tersebut dapat dikategorikan adanya pertumbuhan penduduk yang meningkat. Dari fakta yang ada, faktor – faktor yang berpegaruh terhadap pertumbuhan penduduk di kabupaten karo menarik untuk dianalisis. Dari data tersebut ini dapat dimodelkan dengan model stokastik.Pertumbuhan penduduk dan jumlah penduduk dapat dihitung dengan pola angka kelahiran, kematian, dan perpindahan. Proses kelahiran, kematian tersebut merupakan proses poisson. Pertumbuhan penduduk mengakibatkan penurunan pada lahan tempat tinggal, dan lapangan pekerjaan. Oleh karena itu diperlukan model stokastik untuk meramalkan tingkat penduduk di kabupaten Karo, Sumatera Utara.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat model stokastik pertumbuhan penduduk menggunakan perhitungan pola kelahiran, kematian dan perpindahan sehingga dapat meramalkan pertumbuhan penduduk dan jumlah penduduk kabupaten karo yang akan datang dengan menggunakan asumsi pembuatan model stokastik pertumbuhan penduduk dan menganalisis data tersebut dengan tren. Data tersebut diolah dengan menggunakan analisis tren dan metode penggabungan.                Hasil peramalan pertumbuhan penduduk kabupaten karo per hari pada tahun 2020 sebanyak  13.6712 dan pada tahun 2021 diramalkan pertumbuhan penduduk per hari sebanyak 13.8356. Sehingga nilai peramalan jumlah penduduk kabupaten karo yang belum dapat diketahui jumlah penduduknya pada tahun 2020 adalah 420.868 penduduk dan pada tahun 2021 adalah 425.918 penduduk.
KAJIAN MENGENAI FAKTOR PENYEBAB DAN RESPON MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PRAKTEK PROSTITUSI DI OBJEK PARIWISATA BUKIT LAWANG
Authors: Surbakti Krista , Yudi Permai
Published: September 2022

PSK (Penjajah Seks Komersial)  atau wanita pelacur adalah wanita yang menjual tubuhnya untuk memuaskan seksual laki-laki siapapun yang menginginkannya, dimana wanita tersebut menerima sejumlah uang atau barang (umumnya dengan uang dari laki-laki pemakainya). Dalam kehidupan sekarang ini keberadaan PSK atau sering disebut WTS ( Wanita Tuna Susila) merupakan fenomena yang tidak asing lagi dalam kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia akan tetapi keberadaan tersebut ternyata masih menimbulkan pro dan kontra dalam masyarakat. Hal tersebut mungkin sampai sekarang belum ada jawaban yang dirasa dapat mengakomodasi konsep pekerja seks komersial itu sendiri. Hal ini sebagian besar disebabkan karena mereka tidak dapat menanggung biaya hidup. Prostitusi disini bukanlah semata-mata merupakan gejala pelanggaran moral tetapi merupakan suatu kegiatan perdagangan. Kegiatan prostitusi ini berlangsung cukup lama, hal ini mungkin disebabkan karena dalam prakteknya kegiatan tersebut berlangsung karena banyaknya permintaan dari konsumen terhadap jasa pelayanan kegiatan seksual tersebut maka semakin banyak pula tingkat penawaran yang ditawarkan. Jika dilihat dari pandangan yang luas, kita akan mengetahui bahwa sesungguhnya yang dilakukan pekerja seks komersial adalah suatu jaringan perdagangan yang melibatkan banyak pihak. Jaringan perdagangan ini juga membentang dalam wilayah yang lebih luas, yang kadang-kadang tidak hanya didalam suatu negara tetapi beberapa negara.Oleh sebab itu perlu diakui bahwa eksploitasi seksual, pelacuran dan perdagangan manusia semuanya adalah tindakan kekerasan terhadap perempuan dan karenanya merupakan pelanggaran martabat perempuan dan juga merupakan pelanggaran berat hak azasi manusia. Jumlah perempuan pekerja seks meningkat secara dramatis diseluruh dunia karena sejumlah alasan ekonomis, sosial dan kultural. Dalam kasus-kasus tertentu perempuan yang terlibat telah mengalami kekerasan patologis atau kejahatan seksual sejak masa anak, lainnya terjerumus agaar dapat memenuhi nafkah yang mencukupi bagi diri sendiri atau keluarganya, beberapa mencari sosok ayah atau relasi cinta dengan seorang pria, lainnya lagi karena untuk melunasi hutang. Banyak diantara mereka memasuki dunia prostitusi karena asumsi bahwa pekerjaan yang ditawarkan akan mengubah hidup mereka.
IMPLEMENTASI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MIND MAPPING BERBASIS ANDROID UNTUK MENINGKATKAN DAYA JUANG DAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH IPA MAHASISWA
Authors: Br PA Rita Herlina , Harahap Siti Zahara H.
Published: September 2022

This study aims to describe and see the effect of implementing Android-based mind mapping learning media on the fighting power and problem-solving abilities of PGSD University Quality Science. This type of research is quasi-experimental research (quasi-experiment). The sample in this study was class 2A11 consisting of 22 people and class 2A12 consisting of 20 people. The research instruments used were tests and observation sheets of fighting power. The data analysis technique used is an independent test between two factors. Based on data analysis and hypothesis testing, it was found that: (1) There was an increase in the fighting power of Quality University PGSD students after the implementation of Android-based mind mapping learning media (2) The ability to solve science in PGSD University Quality students after the implementation of Android-based mind mapping learning media obtained an average value of Average: 81.25 (3) There is a significant effect through the application of Android-based mind mapping learning media on the fighting power and ability to solve science problems in PGSD University Quality students.
EVALUASI EFEKTIVITAS PEMBELAJARAN MENGGUNAKAN E-LEARNING (STUDI KASUS MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN OLAHRAGA UNIVERSITAS QUALITY BERASTAGI
Authors: Barus Julius Boy Nesra Basgimata , Sinuraya Janwar Frihasan
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui evaluasi efektifitas pembelajaran menggunakan e-learning di Program Studi Pendidikan Olahraga Universitas Quality Berastagi semenjak merebaknya pandemi corona virus disease 2019 (covid-19) di Indonesia. Sampel penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Olahraga yang dipilih menggunakan teknik simple random sampling dengan mempertimbangkan homogenitas populasi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif menggunakan metode survey dengan angket dan wawancara yang dilakukan secara online. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan e-learning pada program pendidikan olahraga efektif dengan kecenderungan sebesar 70,19%. Kegiatan mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran e-learning yaitu mengikuti UTS dan UAS (100%), aktif diskusi dan mengerjakan tugas (80%). Keluhan selama mengikuti pembelajaran e-learning termasuk dalam tidak ada keluhan berarti hanya saja sebagian dari mahasiswa bekerja, tidak memiliki kuota internet dan jaringan yang cenderung tidak stabil.  Sedangkan untuk keluhan psikologis hanya 14% mahasiswa yang bosan/jenuh dikarenakan mengikuti pembelajaran e-learning, akan tetapi 84% tidak ada keluhan.
THE DIRECTOR'S STRATEGY IN IMPROVING THE SERVICES OF EDUCATION AND SKILLS TRAINING PARTICIPANTS SAILERS ON POLITEKNIK PELAYARAN MALAHAYATI
Authors: Hermanto Fazri
Published: September 2022

This research aims to find out: program formulation, management implementation, and the obstacles faced by the Director in carrying out management and improving the instructor's professionalism. This study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach—data collection techniques: observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The subjects of this research are directors, sub-sections, instructors, lecturers, and training participants. The study results show that: (1) Program Director in improving services to training participants, the mechanism of its formulation begins with finding out the cultural and social background, and deliberation between stakeholders such as sub-section heads, instructors, lecturers. The programs that are prepared are long-term, medium-term, and short-term programs, and all of these programs are guided by the regulations of the Ministry of Transportation and instructions from the IMO (International Maritime Organization). All of this is already in the management of the Director as stated in the Director's program to improve services. (2) The Director implements director management to improve service by the Director applying the management to himself as an example for his subordinates, and the Director takes approaches to improve the instructor's professionalism
ANALISIS KESULITAN BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA MATERI VOLUME BANGUN RUANG BALOK KELAS V SD NEGERI 068006 MEDAN TUNTUNGAN
Authors: Purba Frikson Jony
Published: September 2022

ABSTRAK            Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada hari Kamis 27 Januari 2022 yang bertujuan untuk menentukan gambaran kemampuan siswa, mengetahui kesulitan belajar siswa, dan untuk mengetahui faktor penyebab kesulitan belajar siswa SD Negeri 068006  Medan Tuntungan. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes dan  wawancara.  Dimana jumlah soal tes  berjumlah 5 soal dimana tes bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kemampuan siswa dan  wawancara berjumlah 10 butir pernyataan dimana angket bertujuan untuk mencari faktor kesulitan belajar siswa. Dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan maka gambaran kemampuan siswa didapat pada kategori rendah yaitu sebesar 44.71. Hasil tersebut diperoleh dari menghitung nilai rata-rata 24 orang setelah diberi soal tes sejumlah 5 soal. Sedangkan kesulitan belajar siswa dapat ditentukan dengan rumus : P =  x 100%. Dimana P adalah Persentase Jawaban, f adalah frekuensi jawaban salah, dan N adalah banyaknya siswa. Sehingga diperolah hasil kesulitan siswa adalah 68,12%. Dan untuk mendapatkan factor kesulitan belajar siswa dapat diperoleh dengan memberikan wawancara yang isinya adalah 10 pernyataan yang diberikan kepada siswa yang nilainya dibawah KKM. Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan dari jawaban angket siswa maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa faktor kesulitan belajar siswa memliki 2 faktor yaitu factor internal dan eksternal. Faktor internal atau faktor yaitu seperti siswa kurang paham dalam pembelajaran volume ruang bangun balok atau siswa tidak menguasai konsep, faktor eksternal yaitu siswa tidak diajari atau diarahkan oleh orang tua saat belajar dirumh, dengan adanya internet siswa lebih suka mencari jawaban dariinternet sehingga membuat siswa menjadi malas dalam berpikir. Kata Kunci : Analisis, Kesulitan, dan Pembagian
Observationen in der Sozialversicherung - Eine kritische Analyse von Art. 43a und Art. 43b ATSG
Authors:   , Mouttet Lucien
Published: September 2022

Gegenstand der Dissertation ist die neue gesetzliche Grundlage zu Observationen in der Sozialversicherung. Nach einer Übersicht über die Grundlagen und die Entwicklung der Überwachungstätigkeit in der Schweiz folgt eine systematische Analyse der Observationsbestimmungen im ATSG und in der ATSV. Da es sich bei den Observationsregelungen um gänzlich neue Gesetzesbestimmungen handelt, wird im Rahmen der Inhaltsermittlung vorwiegend auf die Materialien zum Gesetzgebungsverfahren zurückgegriffen. Parallel dazu wird auch auf die bisherige Rechtsprechung des Bundesgerichts eingegangen. Dabei werden insbesondere die Schwierigkeiten, welche mit der neuen Gesetzesgrundlage einhergehen, aufgezeigt. Gestützt auf die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse erarbeitet der Autor sodann einen Gesetzesvorschlag de lege ferenda, welcher allen Anforderungen des EGMR an eine Observationsnorm für die Überwachungstätigkeit im Sozialversicherungsrecht genügt.
Data Mining menggunakan Metode Rough Set dalam Memprediksi Tingkat Penjualan Peralatan Komputer
Authors: Zuhdi Imam
Published: September 2022

Data mining is a job in the form of collecting and using data to get a rule, pattern, or relationship in large data. The output of this data mining can be used to facilitate future decision-making. The purpose of this study is to predict the level of sales of computer equipment to make it easier for sellers to meet consumer needs. The data processed in this study include several factors which will later be included in the Roughtset method. The method used is a Rough set. Factors include the name of goods, warranty, price, and level of sales. These factors will later be grouped in the Equivalence Class, where the same attribute values ​​will be grouped. Then proceed to the next stage, namely the Discernibility Matrix which contains a collection of condition attributes that have different condition values. After that, proceed to the Discernibility Matrix Modulo D stage where the columns in the matrix are filled with a collection of condition attributes that have different conditions and different decision values. The next stage is Reduction, which is how to get the condition attributes used to get output in the form of knowledge. The last stage is knowledge which is the result of the reduction obtained. Then the results of the rough set application will be entered into the Rosetta application. The results obtained using the rough set method on 10 samples of computer equipment sales data, obtained 17 new rules or knowledge that can be used as guidelines in decision making to identify the level of computer sales.