bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Available Corpora For Building Data-Driven Dialogue Systems: The Journal Version
Authors: Serban Iulian Vlad , Lowe Ryan , Henderson Peter , Charlin Laurent , Pineau Joelle
Published: October 2020

During the past decade, several areas of speech and language understanding have witnessed substantial breakthroughs from the use of data-driven models. In the area of dialogue systems, the trend is less obvious, and most practical systems are still built through significant engineering and expert knowledge. Nevertheless, several recent results suggest that data-driven approaches are feasible and quite promising. To facilitate research in this area, we have carried out a wide survey of publicly available datasets suitable for data-driven learning of dialogue systems. We discuss important characteristics of these datasets, how they can be used to learn diverse dialogue strategies, and their other potential uses. We also examine methods for transfer learning between datasets and the use of external knowledge. Finally, we discuss appropriate choice of evaluation metrics for the learning objective.
Subjectivity in Spanish Discourse: Explicit and Implicit Causal Relations in Different Text Types
Authors: Santana Andrea , Spooren Wilbert , Nieuwenhuijsen Dorien , Sanders Ted
Published: October 2020

Corpus-based studies in various languages have demonstrated that some connectives are used preferentially to express subjective versus objective meanings, for example, omdat vs. want in Dutch. However, Spanish connectives have been understudied from this perspective. Moreover, most of the studies of subjectivity have focused on explicit relations and little is known about the subjectivity of implicit coherence relations. In addition, the role that text type plays in the meaning and use of causal relations and their connectives is still under discussion. This study aims to analyze the local contexts of Spanish causal explicit and implicit relations in different text types by carrying out manual analyses of subjectivity. 360 relations marked by three prototypical causal connectives and 120 implicit relations were extracted from academic and journalistic texts. The analytical model applied is based on an integrative approach to subjectivity. Statistical analyses indicate a particular behavior of Spanish connectives and implicit relations and a three-way interaction between subjectivity, text type, and linguistic marking in journalistic texts. Therefore, this study reveals new insights into subjectivity in Spanish discourse.
How compatible are our discourse annotation frameworks? Insights from mapping RST-DT and PDTB annotations
Authors: Demberg Vera , Scholman Merel C.J. , Asr Fatemeh Torabi
Published: October 2020

Discourse-annotated corpora are an important resource for the community, but they are often annotated according to different frameworks. This makes joint usage of the annotations difficult, preventing researchers from searching the corpora in a unified way, or using all annotated data jointly to train computational systems. Several theoretical proposals have recently been made for mapping the relational labels of different frameworks to each other, but these proposals have so far not been validated against existing annotations. The two largest discourse relation annotated resources, the Penn Discourse Treebank and the Rhetorical Structure Theory Discourse Treebank, have however been annotated on the same texts, allowing for a direct comparison of the annotation layers. We propose a method for automatically aligning the discourse segments, and then evaluate existing mapping proposals by comparing the empirically observed against the proposed mappings. Our analysis highlights the influence of segmentation on subsequent discourse relation labelling, and shows that while agreement between frameworks is reasonable for explicit relations, agreement on implicit relations is low. We identify several sources of systematic discrepancies between the two annotation schemes and discuss consequences for future annotation and for usage of the existing resources.
Visual attention-capture cue in depicted scenes fails to modulate online sentence processing
Authors: Burmester Juliane , Spalek Katharina , Wartenburger Isabell
Published: October 2020

Everyday communication is enriched by the visual environment that listeners concomitantly link to the linguistic input. If and when visual cues are integrated into the mental meaning representation of the communicative setting, is still unclear. In our earlier findings, the integration of linguistic cues (i.e., topic-hood of a discourse referent) reduced discourse updating costs of the mental representation as indicated by reduced sentence-initial processing costs of the non-canonical word order in German. In the present study we tried to replicate our earlier findings by replacing the linguistic cue by a visual attention-capture cue presented below the threshold of perception in order to direct participant’s attention to a depicted referent. While this type of cue has previously been shown to modulate word order preferences in sentence production, we found no effects on sentence comprehension. We discuss possible theory-based reasons for the null effect of the implicit visual cue as well as methodological caveats and issues that should be considered in future research on multimodal meaning integration.
A Neural Approach to Discourse Relation Signal Detection
Authors: Zeldes Amir , Liu Yang
Published: October 2020

Previous data-driven work investigating the types and distributions of discourse relation signals, including discourse markers such as 'however' or phrases such as 'as a result' has focused on the relative frequencies of signal words within and outside text from each discourse relation. Such approaches do not allow us to quantify the signaling strength of individual instances of a signal on a scale (e.g. more or less discourse-relevant instances of 'and'), to assess the distribution of ambiguity for signals, or to identify words that hinder discourse relation identification in context ('anti-signals' or 'distractors'). In this paper we present a data-driven approach to signal detection using a distantly supervised neural network and develop a metric, Δs (or 'delta-softmax'), to quantify signaling strength. Ranging between -1 and 1 and relying on recent advances in contextualized words embeddings, the metric represents each word's positive or negative contribution to the identifiability of a relation in specific instances in context. Based on an English corpus annotated for discourse relations using Rhetorical Structure Theory and signal type annotations anchored to specific tokens, our analysis examines the reliability of the metric, the places where it overlaps with and differs from human judgments, and the implications for identifying features that neural models may need in order to perform better on automatic discourse relation classification.
From Discursive Practice to Logic? Remarks on Logical Expressivism
Authors: Kibble Rodger
Published: October 2020

This paper proposes a novel account of the conditional locution as grounded in practices of goal- directed cooperative dialogue. It is argued that a conditional semantics can be obtained within a language fragment that lacks this locution, but supports assertive, inferential and directive prac- tices. We take Brandom’s logical expressivist programme as a point of departure, but argue that this programme is empirically flawed as it underestimates the pervasive context-dependence of linguistic items including logical vocabulary. We further take issue with his claim that a discursive practice involving only assertion and inference is sufficient for the conservative introduction and deployment of conditional vocabulary. A more promising route is provided by the introduction of directives, as in so-called “pseudo-imperatives” such as Get individuals to invest their time and the funding will follow: this has a conditional sense that if individuals invest their time, then funding will follow. We propose a semantic analysis for these forms which builds on Kukla and Lance’s account of prescriptives, and argue that our analysis more faithfully captures the “irrealis” nature of conditionals. The analysis is presented in terms of an information-state based dialogue model, with the information state comprising a partitioned commitment store. It is argued that our “dialogical” analysis of conditional reasoning is faithful to Brandom’s Sellarsian intuition of linguistic practice as a game of giving and asking for reasons. We conclude by contextualising and situating Brandom’s programme against the larger field of practice theory, by means of a comparison with the works of sociologist, anthropologist and philosopher Pierre Bourdieu, and suggest that this com- parison reveals further challenges to the expressivist programme. We also take note of Narasimhan et al’s recent proposals for agent-based modelling of social practice theory as a possible basis for future development.
Indexes establishment and capability evaluation of space-air-ground
remote sensing cooperation in geo-hazard emergency response
Authors: Liu Yahong , Zhang Jin
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Geo-hazard emergency response is a disaster prevention and reduction action that multi-factorial, time-critical, task-intensive and socially significant. In order to improve the rationalization and standardization of space-air-ground remote sensing collaborative observation in geo-hazard emergency response, this paper comprehensively analyzes the technical resources of remote sensing sensors and the emergency service system, and establishes a database of technical and service evaluation indexes using MySQL. A method is proposed to evaluate and calculate the cooperative observation effectiveness in a specific remote sensing cooperative environment by combining TOPSIS and RSR. For the evaluation of remote sensing cooperative service capability in geo-hazard emergency response, taking earthquake as an example, establishing a remote sensing cooperative earthquake emergency response service chain, and designing a Bayesian network evaluation model. Through the evaluation of observation efficiency and service capability, the operation and task completion of remote sensing collaborative technology in geo-hazard emergency response can be effectively grasped and a basis for decision making can be provided for space-air-ground remote sensing collaborative work.
Kinematics of subduction in the Ibero-Armorican arc constrained by 3D microstructural analysis of garnet and pseudomorphed lawsonite porphyroblasts from Ile de Groix (Variscan belt)
Authors: Aerden Domingo , Sayab Mohammad , Forde Aidan , Ruiz-Fuentes Alejandro
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The small island of Groix in southern Brittany, France, is well known for its excellent outcrops of Variscan blueschists, eclogites and garnetiferous micaschists that define a Late-Devonian suture between Gondwana and Armorica. The kinematics of polyphase deformation in these rocks is reconstructed based on 3D microstructural analysis of inclusion trails in garnet- and pseudomorphed lawsonite porphyroblasts using multiple, differently oriented thin sections of single samples and X-ray tomography. Three sets of inclusion trails striking NE-SW, NNW-SSE and WNW-ESE are interpreted to witness a succession of different crustal shortening directions orthogonal to these trends. The curvature sense of sigmoidal- and spiral-shaped inclusion trails of the youngest set is shown to be consistent with southward thrusting or northward subduction of Gondwana under Armorica, provided that these microstructures developed by overgrowth of actively forming crenulations instead of the previously envisaged 'snowball' mechanism. The latter predicts an opposite thrusting direction which is at odds with the regional tectono-metamorphic zonation in the Ibero-Armorican Arc. Strongly non-cylindrical folds locally found on Ile de Groix are reinterpreted as fold-interference structures instead of having formed by progressive shearing. Six additional samples of lower-grade footwall units of the Groix ophiolite were also studied. The oldest inclusion trails in these rocks have similar trends as the youngest one in Ile de Groix. Our new inclusion-trail data for southern Brittany bear a strong resemblance with those documented previously in the north-western Iberian Massif and suggest about 20° anticlockwise rotation of Iberia during the early Cretaceous opening of the Gulf of Biscay.
CINAHL Complete
Authors: Behrend Dawn
Published: October 2020

The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) Complete is subscription aggregate health and allied health sciences database own exclusively by EBSCO and available via the EBSCOhost platform. CINAHL Complete is the premier product in the lineup of five tiered
versions including CINAHL, CINAHL Plus, CINAHL with Full Text, and CINAHL Plus with Full Text. The product has a wide audience of users including students, instructors, researchers, and practitioners. This robust collection indexes over 5,600 journals beginning in 1937, with 1,200 journals
being offered with full-text and the large majority with no embargo. CINAHL Complete is valued for its substantial indexing of publications core to the nursing field, use of MeSH subject headings, and numerous options for advanced searching unique to the health sciences. Value-added features
include accredited continuing education modules, evidence-based care sheets, and quick lessons. While the database is not an e-book aggregator, it includes a relatively small collection of e-books with most titles being rather outdated.A potential drawback for those considering the addition
of CINAHL Complete to their library is the lack of sharing of metadata between EBSCO and other commercial vendors which may complicate the reliability of linking to records for those libraries using a discovery service other than EBSCO Discovery Service. While much less sizeable in its holdings,
ProQuest’s Nursing & Allied Health Source may be another possibility, particularly for those seeking a database for use with an academic population. EBSCO’s MEDLINE Complete may also be an option, particularly for those seeking historical publications in addition to current
research.
Assessment of the Durability and Bio-effectiveness of Three Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets in Three Different Communities After the 2017 Mass Net Distribution Campaign in Benin
Authors: Ahogni Idelphonse Bonaventure , Salako Albert Sourou , Dagnon Jean Fortuné , Sèwade Wilfrid , Agboho Prudenciène , Padonou Germain , Akogbeto Martin C.
Published: October 2020

Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are an essential tool in the fight against malaria. Physical integrity, durability and bio-effectiveness are key variables in the effectiveness of LLINs. The objective of this study was to identify the main factors affecting the survival of three brands of LLINs with different physical characteristics and to assess their bio-effectiveness. A cohort consisting of 1500 LLINs (500 of each) of the brands: DawaPlus®2.0 (polyester, 150 denier, 40 g/m2 fabric weight), PermaNet®2.0 and Yorkool® (polyester, 75 denier, alternating knit pattern with 85 g/m2 fabric weight) was monitored every 6 months in the communes of Ketou, Dogbo and Djougou (from October 2017 to September 2019) based on attrition and integrity measures and median survival in years. We also determined bio-efficacy using the WHO cone test. The physical presence rate was 26.4%, 21.4% and 48.6% respectively for DawaPlus®2.0, PermaNet®2.0 and Yorkool®. The main cause of loss of the three LLINs was displacement, 43.6% (in rural areas) versus 43.2% (in urban areas) with no significant difference (p ˃ 0.05). The median proportional hole index (pHI) ranged from 578 (IQR: 219-843) at 6 months to 196 (IQR: 46-524.5). After 24 months of use, 86.1% were in good condition (0≤pHI<65), 9% were damaged (65≤pHI<643) and 4.2% were too torn (643≤pHI). A significant decrease in physical survival of LLINs (all brands) was observed at 24 months (37.9%, range 34.7-41.3%) compared to 6 months (90.3%, range 88.7-91.8%) (p<0.001). The 24-hour mortality of the three LLINs met WHO requirements for efficacy. The decline in LLIN survival rates during this study highlights the need to develop and implement new strategies to manage this important vector control tool.
Providing planetary health diet meals to low-income families in Baltimore City during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Semba Richard , Ramsing Rebecca , Rahman Nihaal , Bloem Martin
Published: October 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased food insecurity, especially among low-income Black and His¬panic families in the United States. Food insecurity is associated with poorer health and higher mortality in adults and greater risk of impaired cognitive development and behavioral problems in children. Pro-viding food for low-income families is an important priority of the COVID-19 response. Food That Connects Us All is a program that provides healthy meals to low-income Black and Hispanic families in Baltimore City. The meals follow guidelines for the planetary health diet, a reference diet developed by the EAT-Lancet Commission to optimize health and be sustainable within planetary boundaries. The planetary health diet consists largely of vegetables, fruit, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and unsaturated oils, with a low to moderate amount of seafood and poultry and with little or no red or processed meats, refined grains, starchy vegetables, and added sugar. In a food survey, participants showed a high level of satisfaction with the taste, appearance, and healthfulness of the meals. Food That Connects Us All is a direct approach to reducing health disparities and demonstrates the feasibility of providing an ideal reference diet to vulnerable low-income families at high risk for poor health outcomes during the pandemic.
A Rapidly Escalating Demand: Academic Libraries and the Birth of Black Studies Programs
Authors: Knowlton Steven A.
Published: October 2020

In the late 1960s, many universities created Black Studies programs in response to student demands. Because of the rapidity with which Black Studies became a discipline on campus, academic libraries faced challenges related to building collections and providing services for students when little time was available to plan for the changes. Within the context of political debates of the day, both within and outside of library administration, the responses of academic libraries to student demands leaned toward supporting a “liberal” vision of Black studies as an academic discipline similar to other disciplines, and away from supporting a “radical” vision of Black studies as a means of community empowerment. This article examines the responses of four academic libraries—at New York University, Rutgers University, Princeton University, and the University of Pennsylvania—to the advent of Black Studies on their campuses between 1966 and 1971.
A prospective evaluation of the Flacker-Kiely One Year Mortality Score and the added value of NT-proBNP
Authors: Krüger Kjell , Kittang Bård R. , Solheim Sabine P. , Jansen Kristian
Published: October 2020

Objective: Several mortality indices have been constructed to aid clinical decision making in older adults. We aimed to prospectively validate the Flacker-Kiely (FK) mortality index in a Norwegian nursing home cohort, which has not been done before, and explore whether NT-ProBNP could improve its discriminatory power.Methods: We performed a cohort/mortality study. From November 2017 to July 2018, physicians in all public long-term nursing homes in Bergen, Norway, scored residents according to the original Flacker Kiely index. Mortality data were derived from the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry and NT-ProBNP values were obtained from routinely collected blood chemistry. An alternative FK index using the NT-ProBNP-value as a marker for the presence of heart failure was constructed (FK NT-ProBNP index). The ProBNP cut-off value was selected based on a Cox regression model (“dead/alive 1 year”/” NT-ProBNP (Ng/l)”, where the value with the highest Youden index was identified. We judged index performance by using c-statistics.Results: Both the original FK index and the constructed FK NT-ProBNP index discriminated between risk strata. The FK NT-ProBNP index yielded a C-index of 0.66 compared to 0.62 for the original FK index. Optimal discriminatory power was shown with a NT-ProBNP cut-off value of 1,595 Ng/l as heart failure criterion, and FK NT-ProBNP score 6.6.Conclusions: The prospective mortality estimation ability of the FK-index was comparable to previous retrospective studies. The inclusion of NT-ProBNP as a heart failure criterion strengthen the discriminatory power and utility of the index, both in clinic and administration.
Relationship between Online Game Addiction with Depression in Adolescents from 6 High Schools in Indonesia
Authors: Sitorus Nikson , Arfines Prisca P. , Suryaputri Indri Y.
Published: October 2020

The World Health Organization (WHO) has defined online game addiction into one of the medical conditions in 2018 under the category of Gaming disorder. Playing online games excessively may be related to both physical and psychological health. The problem of online game addiction and its impact on adolescent’s mental health is still not sufficiently documented. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between online game addiction and depression in adolescents from 6 High Schools in 4 districts/cities of Indonesia. This study is a quantitative research with cross-sectional design as a further analysis of the 2019 School-Based Mental Health Intervention Study. This study involved students of grade 10 and 11 at 6 public high schools in Bogor Regency, Bogor City, City of Central and South Jakarta. The statistical analysis used was multiple logistic regression test. Out of 746 students, 12.9% were depressed and 10.3% were addicted to online games. There was a significant relationship between online game addiction towards depression with OR = 2.44 (95% CI: 1.259-4.735) after being controlled for sex, learning difficulties, age, father's education, and mother's education. Schools are the best institutions that can be used for adolescent depression screening. It is expected that provision of mental health service facilities in school as one of the strategies to overcome online gaming addictions.
University Students’ Perfectionistic Profiles: Do They Predict Achievement Goal Orientations and Coping Strategies?
Authors: Metallidou Panayiota , Stamovlasis Dimitrios
Published: October 2020

The present study aimed at investigating the effect of different perfectionistic latent profiles on university students’ personal goal orientation and coping strategies. Four hundred thirty nine university students (82.5% females) from various departments (38.5% freshmen) participated in the study. Students were asked to complete anonymously three self-report questionnaires in groups in their university classes: (a) the Almost Perfect Scale-Revised was used for measuring perfectionism as a multidimensional construct, (b) the Personal Achievement Goals questionnaire for measuring achievement goal orientation (mastery orientation, performance-approach orientation, and performance-avoidance orientation), and (c) the R-COPE questionnaire for measuring adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies for everyday problems. Latent class analysis was conducted in order to create categorical perfectionistic profiles. The data support the three-group model of adaptive and maladaptive perfectionists and non-perfectionists. The adaptive and maladaptive perfectionistic profiles differ in the level of discrepancy between personal standards and accomplishments and significantly predicted adaptive and maladaptive achievement motivation and coping, respectively.
Nosotras sufrimos, vosotras sufrís y ellas sufren más violencias: las usuarias de los Centros Mujer de la Comunidad Valenciana
Authors: Moriana Mateo Gabriela
Published: October 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la problemática, características sociodemográficas y número de mujeres atendidas en los Centros Mujer de la Comunidad Valenciana. Para ello se han analizado los datos estadísticos de las memorias de los mencionados centros durante los últimos doce años. Respecto a los resultados, cabe señalar que la mayor proporción de usuarias ha sufrido violencia —tanto física como psíquica, seguida de psíquica y, en mucha menor proporción, sexual— por parte de sus parejas o exparejas. Aunque las migrantes están sobrerrepresentadas, mayoritariamente se trata de españolas, tienen hijas o hijos a cargo e ingresos económicos inferiores al salario mínimo interprofesional o son dependientes económicamente, por lo que en algunos casos tienen que ser institucionalizadas en los centros de protección de mujeres. Así, una de las principales conclusiones de este trabajo es que la pobreza y la exclusión social impiden a las mujeres escapar de la violencia de género.
La fragilidad de las personas mayores de Gipuzkoa
Authors: Etxeberria Erauskin Bakarne , Gallo Rodríguez Laura
Published: October 2020

En este artículo se presentan los principales resultados del estudio sobre la prevalencia de la fragilidad de las personas mayores que viven solas en Gipuzkoa, realizado en el marco de la estrategia de Adinberri. La investigación ha permitido identificar siete factores que inciden en las situaciones de fragilidad, permitiendo a su vez un análisis más exhaustivo de las situaciones de riesgo o niveles de fragilidad entre las personas mayores que viven solas. Los resultados posibilitan una aproximación a los escenarios de vulnerabilidad y soledad de las personas mayores y, además, permiten identificar las características de las situaciones de fragilidad, pudiendo de esta manera responder y cubrir las necesidades tanto instrumentales como sociales y comunitarias de la realidad estudiada.
Algunas pistas para la mejora del sistema de atención a la dependencia en España
Authors: Fundación Eguía-Careaga SIIS
Published: October 2020

La epidemia causada por la covid-19 ha colocado en el primer plano de la agenda política —como no había ocurrido hasta ahora— los problemas que desde hace años arrastra el modelo de atención a la dependencia en España, y ha obligado a las administraciones a plantearse un cambio de rumbo en la organización del sistema. Este artículo plantea algunas pistas para reorganizar el modelo de atención a la dependencia en el conjunto del Estado español a partir, fundamentalmente, del diseño de los sistemas de atención a la dependencia de otros países de nuestro entorno.
Las organizaciones del Tercer Sector Social de Euskadi ante la crisis de la covid-19
Authors: Merino Lucía , Romeo Romeo
Published: October 2020

Las organizaciones del Tercer Sector Social de Euskadi (TSSE), que se caracterizan por promover la inclusión social y el ejercicio efectivo de los derechos de múltiples colectivos o comunidades en especial vulnerabilidad, demostraron durante las primeras semanas del estado de alarma declarado para la gestión de la crisis de la covid-19 el valor del trabajo que realizan. Este contexto de emergencia sanitaria y social ha incidido de lleno en el funcionamiento de las organizaciones y en las personas destinatarias de su actividad. Este artículo trata de conocer cómo ha sido ese impacto, entendiendo las problemáticas que tanto las personas destinatarias como las organizaciones (sus servicios, sus personas y sus recursos) han tenido que afrontar durante las primeras semanas del estado de alarma, permite entender el calado que tuvo entonces y puede tener a futuro el impacto de la crisis de la covid-19 en el Tercer Sector Social de Euskadi.
Mathematical models of the change in composition of the inlet atmosphere for the assumed changes in the nitrogen potential
Authors: Michalski Jerzy , Frączek Tadeusz
Published: October 2020

The development of gas nitriding and the systematic expansion of its scope of application in practice means that the issue of the production of nitrided layers on steels is still in the center of interest of industry and research centers from both a cognitive and application point of view. Research mainly focuses on determining the relationship between the construction of the nitrided layer and its production parameters. The condition of full control of the nitriding process effect is the control of the nitrogen availability of the nitriding atmosphere, which depends on the value of the nitrogen potential (Np) and the degree of ammonia dissociation (α). Shaping of these parameters is carried out by controlling and regulating the composition of the inlet atmosphere. Control and regulation of the inlet atmosphere composition is important in controlling the nitrogen availability of the nitriding atmosphere and, consequently, the kinetics of nitrided layer thickness increase. The article describes models for changing the composition of the three-component and two-component inlet atmosphere. Two variants of controlling and regulating the nitrogen potential are discussed: the composition of the two-component inlet atmosphere, dissociated ammonia-ammonia and the temperature function in the heating stage of the charge.
“[D]runk with those that have the fear of God”
Authors: Benson Sean ,   Marquette University Press
Published: October 2020

The standard view is that Shakespeare depicts alcoholic consumption as good in moderation, but bad when used to excess. Although he illustrates in Falstaff and others alcohol’s debilitating effects, Shakespeare also treats occasional drunkenness at festive events—christenings, wakes, church ales—as benign and even salutary. Such occasions are part and parcel of the pre-Reformation tolerance of social drunkenness (as opposed to moderate imbibing), what I call good Christian drinking. The REED documents attest to the church’s accommodation of drinking at parish festivities, particularly at ales. I argue that Shakespeare’s plays permit and even encourage social drunkenness as a lubricant for fellowship—especially if the drinking is done in the company of fellow believers. Engaging this serious Reformation controversy with comic levity, Shakespeare shows a taste that is remarkably latitudinarian concerning the religious tolerance of social drunkenness.
Environmental Factors of Youth Milk and Milk Alternative Consumption
Authors: Butler Alexandra E. , Battista Kate , Leatherdale Scott T. , Meyer Samantha B. , Elliott Susan J. , Majowicz Shannon E.
Published: October 2020

Objective: The objective of this research was to determine the school and community characteristics associated with milk and milk alternative (MMA) consumption by Canadian youth. Methods: We analyzed self-reported data from 50,058 Canadian students participating in the
2017-2018 wave of the COMPASS survey. We used logistic and linear regression analyses to identify school- and community-level factors associated with students meeting the MMA guidelines, and factors associated with daily number of MMA servings consumed, respectively. Results: Student-level
factors were more strongly associated with MMA consumption than school- and community-level factors. Students who attended schools that provided staff with nutrition training consumed fewer daily servings of MMAs and were less likely to meet MMA guidelines. Students attending schools that
received healthy eating grants were more likely to meet MMA guidelines, whereas students attending schools that sold flavored milk in their vending machines were less likely to meet MMA guidelines. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that student-level factors have a stronger association
with MMA consumption than school or community factors. Additional research is needed to understand how factors associated with MMA consumption may influence behaviours over time, and how changes to Canada's food guide may impact youth eating habits.
Mothers' Income and Young Adult Children's Education and Fast Food Intake
Authors: Lee Jaewon , Allen Jennifer
Published: October 2020

Objectives: In this study, we examine young adult children's educational attainment as a mediator in the pathway from their mother's income to their fast food consumption. Methods: The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79) and the National Longitudinal Survey
of Youth 79 for Children and Young Adults (NLSY79 CY) were used to select mother and children dyads. A total of 5140 dyads were selected as the final sample. We used a mediation model to test mediators in the relationship between mother's income and young adult children's fast food consumption.
Results: Mother's income was significantly related to their young adult children's educational attainment. Mother's income was negatively related to fast food consumption. This study revealed partial mediation of the relationship between mother's income and their young adult children's
fast food consumption via their young adult children's educational attainment. Conclusions: A new perspective considering mother's economic resources is needed to understand children's education. Mother's income is important to cultivate their young adult children's health behaviors.
The intergenerational transmission of mother's economic resources to their young adult children's educational attainment should be considered to understand young adults' fast food consumption.
The Impact of Mothers' Dietary Patterns on Children's Nutritional Status in China
Authors: Tang Daisheng , Bu Tao , Liu Yahong , Dong Xuefan
Published: October 2020

Objective: We studied the effect of mothers' dietary patterns on their children's nutritional status. Methods: Based on the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) packages in 2004, 2006, 2009, and 2011, mothers' dietary quality scores were calculated using the Dietary
Balance Index-07. We further explored the influence of maternal dietary patterns on children's nutritional status using a series of regression analyses with time and province fixed effects in longitudinal study, simultaneouly considering the differential impact of child's age, multigenerational
co-residence, and categories of maternal food consumption. Results: Maternal food consumption was slightly higher than what is required, and each food group positively correlated between mothers and their children. Furthermore, the maternal dietary quality score on the children's energy
intake was significant. The influence of maternal dietary patterns on children's nutritional intake increases gradually with the child's age, but multigenerational co-residence has the opposite effect. Furthermore, maternal food intake of cereals, vegetables, beans, and meat has a positive
impact on children's nutritional intake. Conclusions: Maternal dietary patterns have a significant impact on children's nutritional status. The consumption of meat and multigenerational co-residence should be given high priority.
Multiple Health Behavior Change for Weight Loss: A Scoping Review
Authors: Maisano Megan S. , Shonkoff Eleanor T. , Folta Sara C.
Published: October 2020

Objectives: In this scoping review, we examine the current state of literature on weight-related Multiple Health Behavior Change (MHBC). Specifically, we investigate: (1) MHBC versus single health behavior change (SHBC) interventions and (2) simultaneous versus sequential MHBC
approaches. Secondarily, we explore (3) attributes that predict success in MHBC, and (4) the utilization of theoretical frameworks. Methods: We retrieved studies from PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar within the 2000 to 2018 range. Results: MHBC interventions proved
superior for long-term weight loss when compared to SHBC approaches. However, the literature is limited. Studies investigating simultaneous and sequential MHBC approaches are also limited and have mixed results. Predictive characteristics of MHBC include behavior adherence, risk level, stage
of change, self-efficacy, social support, environmental barriers, and treatment approaches. Whereas evidence evaluating theory in MHBC programs remains scant, there is promising research on constructs from the Transtheoretical Model and Social Cognitive Theory. Conclusions: MHBC approaches
may better support weight loss efforts. However, further research is needed to understand the effects of behavior change order and timing, predictive features of participants and interventions, and theoretical framework utilization in these weight-loss programs.
Responses to Graphic Warning Labels among Low-income Smokers
Authors: Katyal Toshali , Durazo Arturo , Hartman-Filson Marlena , Vijayaraghavan Maya
Published: October 2020

Objective: Graphic warning labels (GWLs) are effective in communicating tobacco-related harms. Methods: In this mixed-methods study, we used purposive sampling to recruit 100 low-income smokers in the San Francisco Bay Area between October 2017 and February 2018 to participate
in an intervention promoting smoke-free homes. We presented the 2009 Food and Drug Administration-proposed GWLs and explored perceptions of affect, efficacy, and appeal using questionnaires at baseline, 3- and 6-months follow-up. Because of participants' interest in this topic, we subsequently
conducted a qualitative sub-study among 20 participants exploring perceived efficacy of GWLs on smoking cessation. Results: In all, 87.3% and 59.2% agreed that GWLs were useful and would motivate cessation behaviors, respectively, at baseline. We found that the most common responses
were shock (61.8%) and disgust (55.3%), whereas anger (29.0%) and annoyance (19.7%) were less common. Participants also reported that GWLs unequivocally illustrating smoking's harmful effects were more appealing than non-specific images, as were images that depicted positive cessation-related
effects. Conclusions: GWLs appear to be an important health communication among low-income smokers. Future studies on GWLs should examine the association of negative affect and cessation among this population.
Headspace gas chromatographic analysis of residual solvents in pharmaceuticals: comparison of two matrix media
Authors: Vičkačkaitė Vida , Jevtuch Agnieška , Poškus Vilius , Bugelytė Birutė
Published: October 2020

Dimethylformamide (DMF) and a deep eutectic solvent choline chloride-ethylene glycol (ChCl-Eg) were investigated as potential matrix media for static headspace gas chromatographic (SHS-GC) determination of residual solvents in pharmaceuticals. Sample equilibration temperature, equilibration time and injection time were optimized. In the case of DMF 140°C equilibration temperature was applied. For ChCl-Eg equilibration temperature could not exceed 80°C as ChCl-Eg started to degrade at elevated temperatures. The higher equilibration temperature of DMF solutions favoured a transition of the analytes to the headspace and consequently resulted in lower detection limits of the analytes. Thus DMF has been considered a more suitable matrix medium than ChCl-Eg and was applied for the SHS-GC determination of residual solvents in pharmaceuticals.
Current and future challenges of family businesses
Authors: Hastenteufel Jessica , Staub Mareike
Published: October 2020

Family businesses are an important part of every economy. They are characterized by long traditions that combine aspects such as trust and reliability, as well as by features such as innovativeness, foresight, long-term focus and flexibility. Both family businesses and the entrepreneurial families themselves do have some weaknesses and face current challenges like digitization, internationalization and demographic change. These issues must be kept in mind in order to constantly develop appropriate solutions that will help them survive and thrive in the market. Moreover, the high relevance of the family in a family business is associated with opportunities – for example, when a family strategy with clear values, roles and goals is defined, and a so called family business governance is developed.
Pairs trading with the persistence-based decomposition model
Authors: Rende Jonas
Published: October 2020

Recently, the persistence-based decomposition (PBD) model has been introduced to the scientific community by Rende et al. (2019). It decomposes a spread time series between two securities into three components capturing infinite, finite, and no shock persistence. The authors provide empirical evidence that the model adopts well to noisy high-frequency data in terms of model fitting and prediction. We put the PBD model to test on a large-scale high-frequency pairs trading application, using SP 500 minute-by-minute data from 1998 to 2016. After accounting for execution limitations (waiting rule, volume constraints, and short-selling fees) the PBD model yields statistically significant and economically meaningful annual returns after transaction costs of 9.16 percent. These returns can only partially be explained by the exposure to common risk. In addition, the model is superior in terms of risk-return metrics. The model performs very well in bear markets. We quantify the impact of execution limitations on risk and return measures by relaxing backtesting restrictions step-by-step. If no restrictions are imposed, we find annual returns after costs of 138.6 percent.
Review of stochastic differential equations in statistical arbitrage pairs trading
Authors: Endres Sylvia
Published: October 2020

The use of stochastic differential equations offers great advantages for statistical arbitrage pairs trading. In particular, it allows the selection of pairs with desirable properties, e.g., strong mean-reversion, and it renders traditional rules of thumb for trading unnecessary. This study provides an exhaustive survey dedicated to this field by systematically classifying the large body of literature and revealing potential gaps in research. From a total of more than 80 relevant references, five main strands of stochastic spread models are identified, covering the ‘Ornstein–Uhlenbeck model’, ‘extended Ornstein–Uhlenbeck models’, ‘advanced mean-reverting diffusion models’, ‘diffusion models with a non-stationary component’, and ‘other models’. Along these five main categories of stochastic models, we shed light on the underlying mathematics, hereby revealing advantages and limitations for pairs trading. Based on this, the works of each category are further surveyed along the employed statistical arbitrage frameworks, i.e., analytic and dynamic programming approaches. Finally, the main findings are summarized and promising directions for future research are indicated.
Nursing home residents’ ADL status, institution-dwelling and association with outdoor activity: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sandvoll Anne Marie , Grov Ellen Karine , Simonsen Morten
Published: October 2020

Introduction

The Norwegian regulations for nursing homes consider access to meaningful activities to be an indicator for the quality of nursing homes. Activities of daily living (ADL) provide important basic self-care skills for nursing home residents. Due to the physical changes caused by ageing and comorbidities, nursing home residents may experience functional decline over time, which may affect their ability to perform meaningful ADL, such as outdoor activity, which is considered a valuable and meaningful activity in Norwegian culture. This study aimed to investigate the association between ADL status, institution-dwelling and outdoor activity among nursing home residents.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 784 residents aged >67 years living in 21 nursing homes in 15 Norwegian municipalities between November 2016 and May 2018. The Barthel Index was used to assess the nursing home residents’ ADL status. Other variables collected were age, gender, body weight and height, visits per month, institution, ward, and participation in weekly outdoor activities. Descriptive statistics were used to provide an overview of the residents’ characteristics. A Poisson regression model was used to test the association between the outdoor activity level as the dependent variable and ADL score, institution, and other control variables as independent variables.

Results

More than half (57%) of the nursing home residents in this sample did not go outdoors. More than 50% of the residents had an ADL score <10, which indicates low performance status. Further, we found that residents’ ADL status, institution, ward, and number of visits had an impact on how often the residents went outdoors.

Discussion

The nursing home residents in this study rarely went outdoors, which is interesting because Norwegians appreciate this activity. Differences in the number of visits might explain why some residents went outdoors more often than other residents did. Our findings also highlight that the institutions impact the outdoor activity. How the institutions are organized and how important this activity is considered to be in the institutions determine how often the activity is performed.

Conclusion

The low frequency of the outdoor activities might be explained by a low ADL score. More than 50% of the residents had an ADL score <10, which indicates low performance status. Despite regulations for nursing home quality in Norway, this result suggests that organizational differences matter, which is an important implication for further research, health policy and practice.
Effective Teaching and Evaluation of Mathematics by Secondary School Mathematics Teachers in the North West Region of Cameroon
Authors: Nkepah Beyoh Dieudone
Published: October 2020

The study set out to examined the extent to which secondary school mathematics teachers implement the principles of effective teaching and evaluation of mathematics as put forward by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics – NCTM; principles which when effectively implemented will enable learners to construct knowledge thereby doing away with mathematics phobia, and consequently performing better in mathematics. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population of the study was made up of 600 public and private secondary school mathematics teachers serving in the North West Region of Cameroon. Using the Taro Yamane’s formula, 240 mathematics teachers selected through simple random sampling, constituted the sample of the study. Two research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. A questionnaire whose Cronbach alpha reliability was found to be 0.87 was used to collect relevant data. The data collected was analysed using mean to answer the research questions and t-test to test the hypotheses at the 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that the level of implementation of the principles of effective teaching and evaluation of mathematics by secondary school mathematics teachers in the North West Region of Cameroon is significantly low. Furthermore, male and female mathematics teachers do not differ significantly in their implementation of the principles of effective teaching and evaluation of mathematics. It was recommended among other things that secondary school mathematics teachers should embrace the NCTM principles of effective teaching and evaluation of mathematics with finesse and incorporate them within their instructional programs and practices.