bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic scouring as a pretreatment of wool and its application in low-temperature dyeing
Authors: Pan Yi , Wang Wuchao , Gong Kang , Hurren Christopher J , Li Qing
Published: June 2018

Ultrasonic technology has shown the potential to reduce the cost and environmental impact of textile wet processing. This work investigates the effects of ultrasonic irradiation as a pretreatment on wool and its application in low-temperature dyeing. A significant increase in dye uptake and color strength was observed on the fabric ultrasonically pretreated at 40 kHz, followed by that at 80 kHz and the conventionally treated sample, in both acid dyeing and reactive dyeing. This could be due to the changes of the fiber surface structure and modification of the chemical structure in the cell membrane complex as a result of ultrasonic pretreatment. In acid dyeing, a 20% increase in dye uptake was achieved at 70℃ upon applying ultrasonic pretreatment at 40 kHz. With the assistance of a leveling agent, 80% dye uptake of the fabric treated with ultrasonics at 40 kHz was measured at 70℃ in reactive dyeing. Ultrasonic pretreatment can be applied in raw wool scouring and fabric scouring to achieve an efficient dye uptake, and these are also discussed in this paper.
Influence of fabric structure and finishing pattern on the thermal and moisture management properties of unidirectional water transport knitted polyester fabrics
Authors: Yang Yang , Chen Liqun , Naveed Tayyab , Zhang Peihua , Farooq Amjad
Published: June 2018

The thermal-wet-comfort characteristic of fabrics is primary to clothing for human bodies. The comfort aptitudes in the fabrics increase the significance of attire and are gaining more interest in the global market. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of finishing patterns and fabric structure parameters on the comfort performance, air permeability, wicking effect, one-way water transport properties and thermal-physiological properties of unidirectional water transport knitted polyester fabrics. Eight samples are developed by hydrophobic finishing, which possessed good moisture management properties. The result implies that with the intensity of pores, there is an increase in the capillary effect of moisture absorption and transportation in the fabrics. Further, the escalation of the hydrophilic area to a hydrophobic area and regularity in the finishing pattern make the fabrics better in performance for unidirectional water transmission and thermal-wet comfortability. The statistical analysis indicates that the fabric structure and finishing patterns have a significant effect ( p = 0.01) on moisture management properties. The fabric with a rib air structure and finishing pattern with ratio (69%) of the hydrophilic area to the hydrophobic area has the best regularity and moisture management property.
The dynamics of ‘civilised’ sovereignty: colonial frontiers and performative discourses of civilisation and savagery
Authors: Mathieu Xavier
Published: June 2018

Critical and post-colonial scholars have argued that a more complete account of sovereignty necessitates an exploration of the colonial experiences through which Western civilised identity was forged. But the way these ‘distant’ encounters were used in (and interacted with) the process of claiming sovereignty domestically has received less attention. This is surprising as critical scholars have revealed the existence of strong similarities between the domestic and international constructions of sovereignty (and in particular the necessary performance of a savage Other) and have emphasised how sovereignty transcends the domestic/international frontier and provides a crucial link between the two. As a response, this article develops an analysis of the construction of sovereignty that combines both the domestic and international colonial frontiers on which ‘civilised’ sovereignty relies. I use a large set of primary archives about France in the sixteenth century in order to explore how sovereignty depends on unstable colonial frontiers, that is, differentiations between the civilised and the savage, that are constantly contested and re-established. Combining the domestic and international colonial frontiers reveals how they interact and are used in order to reinforce the civilised identity of the Western ruler.
Which Came First? Assessing Transactional Relationships Between Children’s Violent Media Use and ADHD-Related Behaviors
Authors: Beyens Ine , Piotrowski Jessica Taylor , Valkenburg Patti M.
Published: June 2018

This longitudinal study investigated transactional relationships between violent media use and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)–related behaviors among young children (ages 4-8 years). To investigate study hypotheses, we employed a random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) using structural equation modeling with panel data from 890 children. Results provided evidence in support of a media selection process rather than media effects process, whereby an increase in a child’s ADHD-related behaviors predicted an increase in the child’s violent media use 1 year later. Results indicated that this longitudinal relationship was accounted for by within-child fluctuations over time rather than stable between-child differences. The findings highlight the importance of investigating transactional relationships as well as distinguishing between-person and within-person relationships.
Teaching pedagogies in Tanzanian inclusive educational settings: Do they respond to diverse needs? Voices from students with visual impairment
Authors: Kisanga Sarah E , Richards Gill
Published: June 2018

Students’ learning and participation in inclusive educational settings requires, among other things, teaching pedagogies that respond to students’ diverse needs so as to benefit from the education provided. This study explored teaching pedagogies employed in Tanzanian inclusive educational settings across all educational levels, whether or not they respond to students’ diverse needs, using voices of students with visual impairment (VI) in higher education institutions (HEIs). A total of 16 students with VI from two HEIs were involved in a semi-structured interview, with thematic analysis being used to evaluate the data. The teaching methods used in primary schools were found to be more responsive to the needs of students with VI, compared to secondary schools and HEIs. Similarly, more positive inclusive practices were reported in primary schools than in secondary and higher education settings, and more primary school teachers with neither inclusive nor special education training were reported to be supportive and considerate to the needs of students with VI, compared to their counterparts in advanced levels. Some negative inclusive practices were also reported which appear to have an impact on students’ access to teachers’ instructions and their participation in learning. The negative inclusive practices of teachers appear to originate from teachers’ limited understanding of inclusion, negative attitudes towards students with special education needs and lack of support from school authorities. In this regard, school authorities and teachers need to transform school cultures, teaching pedagogies, and attitudes to respond to the diverse needs in inclusive educational settings.
Progressive damage modeling and interface delamination of cross-ply laminates subjected to low-velocity impact
Authors: Khan Sanan H , Sharma Ankush P
Published: June 2018

In this study, Hashin failure criteria were enhanced with Puck’s action plane concept to develop a user material model that can accurately predict the damage development inside the composite laminate when it is subjected to low-velocity impact. A simple cross-ply laminate [0/90]s was chosen to demonstrate the applicability of the material model. Experiments were also performed to observe the real behavior of the laminate. A good correlation between the experiment and simulation results was obtained in terms of peak force and displacement. However, the model under-predicted the absorbed energy, but the discrepancy decreased with the increase in impact energy. Moreover, the interface delamination study was performed by comparing the signatures in post-impact samples of the experiment and numerical simulation. It was observed that the experimentally detected delamination area was closely predicted by the simulation. It was further noticed that the top interface delamination increases faster than bottom interface delamination. Furthermore, the total energy absorbed by the laminates in intralaminar and interlaminar damage modes and friction effects were found to be closely matching with the final absorbed energy of the laminate. Hence, it was seen that the developed finite element model was able to closely capture the behavior occurring in experiments.
Structural reliability of corroded pipeline using the so-called Separable Monte Carlo method
Authors: Ben Seghier Mohamed el Amine , Bettayeb Mourad , Correia José , De Jesus Abílio , Calçada Rui
Published: June 2018

The evaluation of the failure probability of corroded pipelines is an important calculation to quantify the risk assessment and integrity of pipelines. Traditional Monte Carlo simulation method has been widely used to solve this type of problems, where it generates a very large number of simulations and takes longer time in computing. In this study, enhanced computational method called Separable Monte Carlo is employed to evaluate the time-dependent reliability of pipeline segments containing active corrosion defects, where a practical example was used. The results show that the Separable Monte Carlo simulation method not only minimizes the computational cost strongly but also improves the calculation precision.
Juridification, new constitutionalism and market reforms to the English NHS
Authors: Benbow David Ian
Published: June 2018

Market reforms to the English National Health Service within the neo-liberal era have diverted money away from patient needs to market bureaucracies and the coffers of private companies and undermine cross subsidy and risk pooling within the National Health Service. Consequently, governments within the neo-liberal era have sought to remove the deleterious effects of their market reforms from political contestation through strategies of depoliticisation. I assess the success of the strategies of juridification (the increase of formal law) and new constitutionalism (transnational legal rules which restrict national policymaking to the model of liberal democratic capitalism) in depoliticising market reforms to the English National Health Service. As the National Health Service was increasingly marketised, European Union public procurement and competition laws became increasingly applicable, although scope exists for exceptions. The discretion afforded to commissioners by the regulations passed pursuant to S.75 of the Health and Social Care Act (2012) regarding tendering is disputed. Many commissioners have acted as though their discretion was curtailed in practice. However, there are countervailing forces to competition, such as resource constraints and recent moves towards integration (although this may also afford private sector companies with new opportunities). I contend that the privatisation that marketisation has facilitated appears highly politicised, as is evidenced by increased campaigning activity in opposition to it. Recent responses to the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership and prospective post-Brexit trade deals indicate a heightened awareness of the ability of external constitutional constraints to restrict National Health Service policymaking. This suggests that neither the strategies of juridification nor new constitutionalism have been successful in depoliticising market reforms to the English National Health Service.
Between the crises: Migration politics and the three periods of neoliberalism
Authors: Mulvey Gareth , Davidson Neil
Published: June 2018

Between the two UK referendums on European Community/European Union membership, the issue of migration came to dominate the entire debate. The period between 1975 and 2016 corresponds almost exactly to the neoliberal era in capitalism, in its British manifestation, and this is not coincidental. This article traces the shifting periods of neoliberalism (‘vanguard’, ‘social’ and ‘crisis’) across these 40 years, focusing in each case on how the policies associated with them specifically impacted migration into the United Kingdom. In particular, it will argue that the current migration crisis is at least partly an aspect of the wider crisis of neoliberalism as a form of capitalist organisation. It concludes that current levels of anti-migrant sentiment are a displaced expression of hostility to the social effects of neoliberalism, and which may nevertheless cause difficulties for British capital through the imposition of anti-free movement policies to which it is opposed.
Estimation of a Long-Distance Travel Demand Model using Trip Surveys, Location-Based Big Data, and Trip Planning Services
Authors: Llorca Carlos , Molloy Joseph , Ji Joanna , Moeckel Rolf
Published: June 2018

Long-distance trips are less frequent than short-distance urban trips, but contribute significantly to the total distance traveled, and thus to congestion and transport-related emissions. This paper develops a long-distance travel demand model for the province of Ontario, Canada. In this paper, long-distance demand includes non-recurrent overnight trips and daytrips longer than 40 km, as defined by the Travel Survey for Residents in Canada (TSRC). We developed a microscopic discrete choice model including trip generation, destination choice, and mode choice. The model was estimated using travel surveys, which did not provide data about destination attractiveness and modal level of service. Therefore, a data collection method was designed to obtain publicly available data from the location-based social network Foursquare and from the online trip planning service Rome2rio. In the first case, Foursquare data characterized land uses and predominant activities of the destination alternatives, by the number of user check-ins at different venue types (i.e., ski areas, outdoor or medical activities, etc.). In the second case, the use of Rome2rio data described the modal alternatives for each observed trip. Combining data from travel surveys, Foursquare, and Rome2rio, coefficients of the model were estimated econometrically. It was found that the Foursquare data on number of check-ins at destinations was statistically significant, especially for leisure trips, and improved the goodness of fit compared with models that only used population and employment. Additionally, Rome2rio mode-specific variables were found to be significant for mode choice selection, making the resulting model sensitive to changes in travel time, transit fares, or service frequencies.
Learning from strangers: ethnopsychiatry in practice
Authors: Grandsard Catherine
Published: June 2018

In this keynote lecture given at the 17th GASI Symposium in Berlin, the main ideas informing the clinical work with foreign families and refugees conducted at an ethnopsychiatry clinic in France are outlined. The treatment methodology is described and case examples are presented to illustrate the way in which all healing practices are given serious consideration as valid therapeutic resources within the clinical setting and the importance of putting aside one’s assumptions and knowledge as therapists and caseworkers in order to access the knowledge and practices of people’s ‘natural’ groups in order to negotiate new and creative solutions to previously unknown problems.
Electrical safety of suppressing wildfires near high-voltage transmission lines using water mist
Authors: Lu JiaZheng , Chen Bao-Hui , Fang Zhen , Hu Jianping , Wang Bowen , Wu Chuanping , Huang Shoudao
Published: June 2018

Wildfires near transmission lines are important disasters that affect power transmission. Water mist is a highly efficient method for suppressing wildfires near electrical transmission lines, where it avoids line-tripping to ensure the safety of the grid. However, few studies have investigated the electrical safety during the water mist extinguishing process, including the risk of tripping transmission lines and the shock hazard for users. In this study, we systematically studied the influence of the gap distance and the electric conductivity of the water solution on the insulation characteristics of water mist with a Dv0.99 diameter of the droplets of ca. 500 µm, including the breakdown voltage and leakage current. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of water mist on the development of a long-gap discharge, and the insulation mechanism of water mist was also considered. Finally, water mist with multi-component additives was employed for suppressing wildfires near transmission lines in China, and we demonstrated the effectiveness of this method based on the reduction of line-tripping accidents caused by wildfires near transmission lines.
Social media cues and news site name: What do they mean for online news perception?
Authors: Bhandari Manu
Published: June 2018

Using Sundar’s MAIN Model, a 2 (sharing applications: present/absent) × 2 (news platforms: blogs/traditional newspaper sites) × 4 (stories) experiment with college students found news stories on traditional newspaper sites have more perceived credibility and quality but not newsworthiness and likability. Social media sharing applications’ presence alone did not influence news perception, suggesting a potentially important role of associated number of shares. Sharing applications also sometimes may work differently on blogs versus traditional newspaper sites.
Inconsistencies Between the Criterion and Tests for Brain Death
Authors: Dalle Ave Anne L. , Bernat James L.
Published: June 2018

The whole-brain criterion of death provides that a person who has irreversibly lost all clinical functions of the brain is dead. Bedside brain death (BD) tests permit physicians to determine BD by showing that the whole-brain criterion of death has been fulfilled. In a nonsystematic literature review, we identified and analyzed case reports of a mismatch between the whole-brain criterion of death and bedside BD tests. We found examples of patients diagnosed as BD who showed (1) neurologic signs compatible with retained brain functions, (2) neurologic signs of uncertain origin, and (3) an inconsistency between standard BD tests and ancillary tests for BD. Two actions can resolve the mismatch between the whole-brain criterion of death and BD tests: (1) loosen the whole-brain criterion of death by requiring only the irreversible cessation of relevant brain functions and (2) tighten BD tests by requiring an ancillary test proving the cessation of intracranial blood flow. Because no one knows the precise brain functions whose loss is necessary to fulfill the whole-brain criterion of death, we advocate tightening BD tests by requiring the absence of intracranial blood flow.
High-accuracy robust adaptive motion control of a torque-controlled motor servo system with friction compensation based on neural network
Authors: Hu Jian , Wang Yuangang , Liu Lei , Xie Zhiwei
Published: June 2018

In this paper, a high-accuracy motion control of a torque-controlled motor servo system with nonlinear friction compensation is presented. Friction always exists in the servo system and reduces its tracking accuracy. Thus, it is necessary to compensate for the friction effect. In this paper, a novel controller that combines robust adaptive control with friction compensation based on neural network observer is proposed. An improved LuGre friction model is applied into the friction compensation as it is known as a good model to express the nonlinear friction. A single hidden-layer network is utilized to observe the immeasurable friction state. Then, the robust adaptive controller is used to handle the parametric uncertainty, the parametric estimation error, friction compensation error, and other uncertainties. Lyapunov theory is utilized to analyze the stability of the closed-loop system. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Experimental investigation on particle number emission from diesel engine with bipolar discharge coagulation
Authors: Meng Jian , Liu Junheng , Sun Ping , Wan Yaofeng , Fan Yi , Xiao Xue
Published: June 2018

A self-made wire-to-cylinder bipolar discharge apparatus was employed on a 4-cylinder diesel engine to evaluate the effect of discharge voltage on particle emissions. An engine exhaust particle sizer was used to analyze the particle number distribution and the filter efficiency of diesel particulate filter. Emission characteristics such as particle number distribution, total particle number concentration and count mean diameter at different discharge voltages were evaluated. Filter efficiencies of diesel particulate filter at 0 and 10 kV were also determined. The results showed that particle number concentrations within the range of 6.04–93.1 nm decreased, while those within the size range of 93.1–220.7 nm increased. The reduction rate of particle number concentration and total particle concentration decreases with the increase in discharge voltage, while the count mean diameter increases. At 100% load, the average filter efficiency of the diesel particulate filter improved by 10% with increment in discharge voltage from 0 to 10 kV, and also increased by 15% within the size range of 6.04–16.5 nm. The test results showed that bipolar discharge coagulation could reduce the total particle number concentration, and also enhance the count mean diameter and filter efficiency of diesel particulate filter.
Early Gender Differences in Core Values Predict Anticipated Family Versus Career Orientation
Authors: Block Katharina , Gonzalez Antonya Marie , Schmader Toni , Baron Andrew Scott
Published: June 2018

Communion and agency are often described as core human values. In adults, these values predict gendered role preferences. Yet little work has examined the extent to which young boys and girls explicitly endorse communal and agentic values and whether early gender differences in values predict boys’ and girls’ different role expectations. In a sample of 411 children between the ages of 6 and 14 years, we found consistent gender differences in endorsement of communal and agentic values. Across this age range, boys endorsed communal values less and agentic values more than did girls. Moreover, gender differences in values partially accounted for boys’ relatively lower family versus career orientation, predicting their orientation over and above gender identification and parent reports of children’s gender expression. These findings suggest that gender differences in core values emerge surprisingly early in development and predict children’s expectations well before they make decisions about adopting adult roles in their own families.
Computational fluid dynamics investigation on the effect of co-firing semi-coke and bituminous coal in a 300 MW tangentially fired boiler
Authors: Du Yongbo , Wang Chang’an , Wang Pengqian , Meng Yi , Wang Zhichao , Yao Wei , Che Defu
Published: June 2018

In this paper, the effect of co-firing semi-coke in a 300 MW tangentially fired boiler was numerically investigated. The results indicate that the incomplete combustion heat loss and NO x emission both increase with semi-coke co-fired ratio. Semi-coke may be injected into the furnace at a different height, which can lead to different thermal efficiency and NO x emission. It is suggested that semi-coke should not be fed from the top or bottom layer burners, since this could give rise to high carbon content respectively in fly ash and bottom slag. In addition, injecting semi-coke from the top burners could significantly increase the NO x emission. Under 1/2 co-firing ratio, the optimal fuel allocation is that feeding semi-coke from the B, D, and E layer burners. The growth in semi-coke particle size could increase the unburned carbon loss and NO x emission. It is highly recommended to reduce the unburned carbon loss under semi-coke co-fired condition by increasing the stoichiometric ratio of primary air for semi-coke. As it is increased from 0.25 to 0.3, the combustion efficiency of the co-fired condition is 99.47%, the same as when only firing bituminous coal, and the NO x emission is about 30% higher.
Paleotempestology database for the western North Atlantic basin
Authors: Oliva Frank , Viau Andre E , Peros Matthew C , Bouchard Marc
Published: June 2018

Paleotempestology, the study of past tropical cyclone activity, has grown considerably over the past two decades, and there is now a relatively dense network of sites across the Western North Atlantic Basin providing records of past tropical cyclone variability. This paper presents a new database of paleotempestological records generated from 61 studies published between 1993 and 2018 for this region. A total of 266 data entries, consisting of the calibrated ages of individual tropical cyclone events and the boundaries of ‘active’ tropical cyclone periods from the present to 8000 cal. yr BP, along with the site names, geographic coordinates, proxy indicator(s) used, materials upon which dating was undertaken, and information about the depositional basin type (e.g. lagoon, mangrove), are included in the database for each site. The database is housed at the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA) ( https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/21391 ) and is available for free download. This publicly available database will permit a greater number of researchers to work on questions related to past tropical cyclone dynamics and more easily allow studies of long-term spatial-temporal tropical cyclone relationships to be undertaken.
How to Choose a Nonparametric Frontier Model? Technical Efficiency of Turkish Banks Assessing Global
Authors: Bannour Boutheina , Sghaier Asma , Nurunnabi Mohammad
Published: June 2018

This article aims to address current gaps in the literature on banking efficiency using the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model. The study assesses the technical efficiency of the Turkish banking sector in the period spanning from 1990 to 2010 in-line with DEA model. In comparison with the DEA model, the CCR model (developed by Charnes, Cooper & Rhodes, European Journal of Operational Research, 1978, 2(6): 429–444) does not need model assumptions on input/output orientation. It also avoids the dilemma about the choice of input/output indicators. The comparison analysis of this study reveals that the CCR model yields more significant efficiency results than the BCC model (developed by Banker, Charnes & Cooper, Management Science, 1984, 30(9): 1078–1092). This study provides important contribution to the current empirical research on banking efficiency. The empirical results of the study reveal a steady increase in global efficiency of the Turkish banking sector over the past two decades. The future research could focus on the behavioural aspects of bank efficiency (e.g., managerial practices). The study also offers managerial implications.
Flexicurity and the dynamics of the welfare state adjustments
Authors: Bubak Oldrich
Published: June 2018

The disruptions of the recent global financial crisis intensified a number of industrial and economic challenges and brought forward a set of often contradictory solutions. Here, we focus on two alternative views on how to (re)establish economic competitiveness and enable growth – flexicurity and austerity. There is much to be learned about the future of these conflicting recipes across changing political economies, particularly considering the importance of the social partners in the development of flexicurity, and their differential ability to influence welfare state outcomes more broadly. Two questions emerge. Attentive to the role and capacity of the social partners, what can we learn about the dynamics of the ongoing welfare state adjustments? How do we make sense of labour market politics in this paradoxical environment? In order to help answer these, we visit the United Kingdom and Denmark – one state offering modest social and employment security, the other a paragon of flexicurity – and find their divergent philosophies, institutional development, and organisational interactions explain not only their respective choices in the aftermath of the crisis, but also their prospects for socially oriented labour policies.
Complex evaluations in the political context: Engaging stakeholders in evaluation design
Authors: Stack Rhian , Leal Nerida , Stamp Sarah , Reveruzzi Bianca , Middlin Katrina , Lennon Alexia
Published: June 2018

While evaluators can often access examples of complex evaluation frameworks and reports, detailed information about the processes used to develop these frameworks is less available. This article provides insight into the development of an evaluation framework for a whole-of-government multi-component reform program, being implemented by stakeholders over a 10-year period. This program incorporates multiple tiers (activity-level and program-level) of evaluations, planned at critical points of implementation. This article focuses on the consultation process adopted in developing an evaluation framework to capture implementation progress and program outcomes and impacts at three different time points. A consultative, iterative approach, emphasizing stakeholder engagement, was adopted to mitigate the effects of challenges of responding to the variable nature of the program and multiple stakeholders with a vested interest in its implementation. Continual reflection and quality improvement allowed these challenges to be addressed, and will continue to allow lessons learned from earlier evaluations to inform the design of future studies.
The Status of Music Education Conducting Curricula, Practices, and Values
Authors: Hart John T.
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine the status of conducting courses completed by undergraduate music education majors. Questionnaire items addressed course structure and content, pedagogical values, and the relative emphasis instructors placed on various areas of teacher knowledge as represented by Shulman’s pedagogical content knowledge framework. Music education divisions require two conducting courses for a variety of degree specializations. Instructors are mostly well-educated males at the assistant or full professor rank, with extensive college teaching experience but comparatively little experience in K–12 music teaching. Music education faculty and conducting instructors both ranked music content knowledge as most important, followed by music pedagogical content knowledge and general pedagogical knowledge. Opportunities to conduct in authentic learning contexts were nominal. Implications for practice, policy, and research are presented.
Determining a Short Form Montreal Cognitive Assessment (s-MoCA) Czech Version: Validity in Mild Cognitive Impairment Parkinson’s Disease and Cross-Cultural Comparison
Authors: Bezdicek Ondrej , Červenková Markéta , Moore Tyler M. , Stepankova Georgi Hana , Sulc Zdenek , Wolk David A. , Weintraub Daniel A. , Moberg Paul J. , Jech Robert , Kopecek Miloslav , Roalf David R.
Published: June 2018

The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is one of the most common screening instruments for mild cognitive impairment. However, the standard MoCA is approximately two times longer to administer than the Mini-Mental State Examination. A total of 699 Czech and 175 American participants received the standard MoCA Czech and English versions and in the clinical part, a sample of 102 nondemented patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). We created a validated Czech short version (s-MoCA-CZ) from the original using item response theory. As expected, s-MoCA-CZ scores were highly correlated with the standard version (Pearson r = .94, p < .001). s-MoCA-CZ also had 80% classification accuracy in the differentiation of PD mild cognitive impairment from PD without impairment. The s-MoCA-CZ, a brief screening tool, is shorter to administer than the standard MoCA. It provides high-classification accuracy for PD mild cognitive impairment and is equivalent to that of the standard MoCA-CZ.
Efficacy and Safety of Tranexamic Acid for Blood Salvage in Intertrochanteric Fracture Surgery: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhu Qianzheng , Yu Caixia , Chen Xingzuo , Xu Xiaodong , Chen Ying , Liu Chenggang , Lin Peng
Published: June 2018

The use of tranexamic acid (TXA) for reducing blood loss in intertrochanteric fracture (IF) surgery remains controversial. We therefore performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TXA in reducing transfusion requirements and blood loss for IF surgery. Databases, including PubMED, Cochrane, and Embase, were searched for RCTs that were published before February 2018 and that addressed the efficacy and safety of TXA in patients who underwent IF surgery. A total of 746 patients from 7 RCTs were subjected to meta-analysis. The results showed that TXA group had reduced surgical blood loss (weighted mean difference [WMD] = −37.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −48.70 to −25.77, P <.00001), reduced total blood loss (WMD = −199.08, 95% CI: −305.16 to −93.01, P = .0002), higher postoperative hemoglobin (WMD = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.79, P = .007), and hematocrit levels (WMD = 1.55, 95% CI: 0.64 to 2.47, P = .008) compared to control group, while no significant differences were found in transfusion rates (relative risk [RR] = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.50 to 1.11, P = .15), postoperative drainage (WMD = −38.82, 95% CI: −86.87 to 9.22, P = .11), and thromboembolic events (RR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.41 to 2.19, P = .89). In patients undergoing IF surgery, the administration of TXA significantly reduced surgical blood loss and total blood loss, while it had no significant effect on transfusion rate, postoperative drainage, and the risk of thromboembolic events. Nevertheless, due to the variations in the included studies, additional RCTs are required to further validate these conclusions.
The Unequal Spatial Distribution of City Government Fines: The Case of Parking Tickets in Los Angeles
Authors: Brazil Noli
Published: June 2018

This study investigates the relationship between government fines and neighborhood composition using data on parking citations in Los Angeles. Parking ticket fines have received significant attention in public debates concerning bias in government and law enforcement practices. In these debates, community advocates claim that parking citations are spatially concentrated in neighborhoods of predominantly economically vulnerable populations. Using parking ticket data in 2016 from the City of Los Angeles, this study shows that the number of parking tickets is higher in neighborhoods with a larger presence of renters, young adults, and Black residents. The study also finds that the burden on Black neighborhoods is not alleviated by Black representation in city council. However, Hispanic neighborhoods with a Hispanic council representative experienced higher parking ticket rates for regulations that are more likely to be violated by visitors, specifically, violations occurring during the evening and overnight hours, and specific to time-limit and permit-related regulations.
“Men Doing Life Together”: Black Christian Fraternity Men’s Embodiments of Brotherhood
Authors: McGuire Keon M. , McTier Terrence S. , Ikegwuonu Emeka , Sweet Joseph D. , Bryant-Scott Kenzalia
Published: June 2018

Black people in the United States have and continue to pursue practices of communal bonding as well as cooperative-and-sharing economies, from the invisible institution of Black religion to underground activist collectives such as the African Blood Brotherhood. While many efforts were explicitly political, other organizations primarily emphasized socioeconomic advancement for its group members and the broader Black community. One such set of collectives that in many ways embodied both aims are Black Greek-letter Organizations. One of their enduring legacies is the ability to produce a unique and powerful sense of sisterhood and brotherhood. Through various processes, shared symbols, and cultural artifacts, Black fraternal organizations create a sense of camaraderie readily apparent to even lay observers. Yet, very few empirical studies have examined how fraternity men define and embody such brotherhood bonds. Thus, the purpose of the present study sought to fill these knowledge gaps by addressing the following research questions: (1) how do Black Christian fraternity men define and embody brotherhood? and (2) what social and emotional benefits do Black Christian fraternity men gain from brotherhood? Using qualitative data gathered through various techniques (i.e., semistructured interviews, photovoice and identity maps, focus groups, and Facebook observations), we describe the ways Black male members of this Christian fraternity embody brotherhood as accountability and co-construct a space for men to experience and benefit from intimacy.
The coaching space: A production of power relationships in organizational settings
Authors: Louis Dima , Fatien Diochon Pauline
Published: June 2018

Given the prevalence of instrumental and positivistic accounts on coaching, our article aims to contribute to a critical theory of coaching by articulating two under-researched topics in the field: power and space. We do so by building on the Lefebvrian political approach to space; more specifically, we show that depending on the coach’s experience of the coaching space, three types of power relationships are produced within the coach–coachee–organization triad: independent, mediated, and parallel. Accordingly, the coaching space appears to be either a generator, supporter, or analyzer of power. Overall, by approaching coaching as a political space, we call for increased awareness of the conditions that facilitate the experience of the coaching space as empowering rather than limiting and controlling.
Cognate frequency and assessment of second language lexical knowledge
Authors: Allen David
Published: June 2018

Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions:

Few studies have investigated different-script cognate effects in language assessment contexts. This paper examines the impact of Japanese cognates in a test of English receptive lexical knowledge that is widely used for placement purposes in second language learning contexts. Specifically, the present paper utilizes Japanese cognate frequency to predict test accuracy. 1. Does Japanese cognate frequency influence response accuracy? 2. Does the effect vary by English word frequency and/or lexical proficiency?

Design/methodology/approach:

Seventy Japanese-English bilinguals completed the multiple-choice English VLT.

Data and analysis:

Accuracy data for 150 target items and 150 distractor items were analysed separately (10,500 data points in each analysis). Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used with Japanese cognate frequency as the primary predictor and English word frequency and lexical proficiency as covariates.

Findings/conclusions:

A strong facilitatory cognate frequency effect was observed on both the selection of targets and the rejection of distractor items. This effect was marginally greater for lower proficiency learners. The English word frequency effect was also greater for lower proficiency test takers in the distractor analysis.

Originality:

The paper is the first to utilize cognate frequency to estimate the cognate effect in different-script languages in language testing.

Significance/implications:

The study provides robust evidence for the Japanese-English cognate effect in a test of lexical knowledge. This finding is broadly in line with the predictions of the bilingual interactive activation plus model of bilingual lexical processing. In addition, the paper demonstrates that the proportion of Japanese cognates in the test is significantly greater than the proportion of cognates in the language in general, indicating that it may over-estimate Japanese learners’ knowledge of English lexis. Test designers and users are thus recommended to be aware of the impact of cognates when making inferences about language ability based on such tests of lexical knowledge.
Women scholars’ experiences with online harassment and abuse: Self-protection, resistance, acceptance, and self-blame
Authors: Veletsianos George , Houlden Shandell , Hodson Jaigris , Gosse Chandell
Published: June 2018

Although scholars increasingly use online platforms for public, digital, and networked scholarship, the research examining their experiences of harassment and abuse online is scant. In this study, we interviewed 14 women scholars who experienced online harassment in order to understand how they coped with this phenomenon. We found that scholars engaged in reactive, anticipatory, preventive, and proactive coping strategies. In particular, scholars engaged in strategies aimed at self-protection and resistance, while often responding to harassment by acceptance and self-blame. These findings have important implications for practice and research, including practical recommendations for personal, institutional, and platform responses to harassment, as well as scholarly recommendations for future research into scholars’ experiences of harassment.
Predicting caregiver burden in informal caregivers caring for persons with dementia living at home – A follow-up cohort study
Authors: Lethin Connie , Leino-Kilpi Helena , Bleijlevens Michel HC , Stephan Astrid , Martin Maria S , Nilsson Karin , Nilsson Christer , Zabalegui Adelaida , Karlsson Staffan
Published: June 2018

Longitudinal studies of caregiver burden when caring for persons with dementia living at home are sparse. The aim of the study was to identify factors associated with caregiver burden and predicting increased burden related to caregivers, persons with dementia and formal care. Data were collected through interviews with 1223 caregivers in eight European countries. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed. Factors associated with caregiver burden included extensive informal care provision, decreased well-being and reduced quality of life for the caregiver and reduced cognition, decreased quality of life, severe neuropsychiatric symptoms and depression in the person with dementia and caregivers’ negative experience of quality of care. Factors predicting an increased burden were diminished caregiver well-being, severe neuropsychiatric symptoms of the person with dementia and caregivers’ negative perception of quality of care. The knowledge gained in this study may be useful in developing more adequate service systems and interventions to improve dementia care.
Can drawings help assessing dementia caregivers' burden? A preliminary study
Authors: Werner Perla , AboJabel Hanan
Published: June 2018

The use of quantitative self-report methods for assessing the stress associated with dementia caregiving, especially among minority groups, has been lately criticized. The aim of this study was to examine whether Human Figures Drawings might provide a tool for assessing caregivers' burden. Sixty Israeli Arabs – 30 family caregivers of a person with dementia and 30 gender and age-matched non-caregivers – were asked to draw a caregiver of an elderly person with dementia and a caregiver of an elderly person with a physical disability. While no differences were found between the drawings of caregivers and non-caregivers, statistically significant differences were found between all the characteristics of the drawings depicting a caregiver of an elderly person with dementia and a caregiver of an elderly person with a physical disability, as drawn by caregivers. Several of the drawings' characteristics were significantly associated with caregiver burden. By introducing a nonverbal form of expression, Human Figures Drawings might add utility to the assessment of dementia caregivers' burden.
Expanding the Student Persistence Puzzle to Minority Serving Institutions: The Residential Historically Black College and University Context
Authors: Baker Dominique J. , Arroyo Andrew T. , Braxton John M. , Gasman Marybeth , Francis Clay H.
Published: June 2018

The prevailing theories of student persistence have been developed in Predominantly White Institutional (PWI) contexts. The extent to which these theories—in whole or in part—apply to Minority Serving Institutions such as Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) has not been studied in depth. This study tests a PWI-based theory of student persistence in residential colleges and universities at two residential HBCUs. Four-hundred and fifty-one residential students completed a survey testing the theory, and then administrative data were used to link student persistence data. Findings suggest that theories developed at PWIs—such as the model tested in this study—hold salience for understanding student persistence at Minority Serving Institutions such as HBCUs. However, a complete picture of student persistence at HBCUs may benefit from the addition of HBCU-specific constructs and models.
The Student Oral Language Observation Matrix: A Psychometric Study With Preschoolers
Authors: Dennis Lindsay R. , Krach S. Kathleen , McCreery Michael P. , Navarro Sarah
Published: June 2018

The Student Oral Language Observation Matrix (SOLOM) is an assessment of oral language skills. The aim of this study was to examine psychometric properties of the SOLOM for preschoolers through (a) use of internal consistency methods to assess the reliability of the scores from the SOLOM and (b) examination of criterion-related validity by comparing the SOLOM with the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test—Fourth Edition (PPVT-4). SOLOM internal consistency reliability was calculated using coefficient alpha; criterion-related validity was calculated using Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients between the SOLOM and PPVT-4 scores of 90 preschool children. Results indicate that the SOLOM exhibits strong internal consistency reliability with criterion-related validity in the low to moderately correlated range. While additional research is necessary, results provide psychometric support for the use of the SOLOM as an informal assessment tool to be used by preschool teachers.