bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Authenticity Perceptions of Talavera Pottery
Authors: Revilla Guadalupe , Dodd Tim H.
Published: August 2003

Talavera pottery is a unique art form produced in Puebla, Mexico. Although it has a long history, little is known concerning the aspects that contribute to perceptions of authenticity. A study of people who purchase Talavera found that authenticity encompasses five main factors: Appearance/Utility, Tradition and Certification, Difficult to Obtain, Locally Produced, and Low Cost. ANOVA indicates that there are differences with respect to the perception of authenticity with regard to appearance/utility and locally produced. Local tourists view authenticity through appearance and utility while international visitors are more concerned with the pottery being locally produced by local residents. The challenge for the people of Puebla is to continue to encourage interest in Talavera production while attempting to maintain its perception of authenticity and uniqueness among local residents and visitors to the region.
Cuban Tourism in the Caribbean Context: A Regional Impact Assessment
Authors: Henthorne Tony L. , Miller Mark M.
Published: August 2003

The impact of a free Cuban tourism market will be substantial, with great potential—especially over the short term—to draw market share away from other Caribbean destinations and even tourism destinations on the U.S. mainland. The magnitude and nature of this impact will be determined in large measure by strategic decisions that must be faced now and in the near future—both by Cuba and its Caribbean competitors (or partners). Regional approaches to tourism planning, development, and marketing offer some promise for “growing” the Caribbean regional tourism pie, rather than simply cutting smaller slices from the existing pie.
Inducing Heuristic Principles of Tourist Choice of Travel Mode: A Rule-Based Approach
Authors: Van Middelkoop Manon , Borgers Aloys , Timmermans Harry
Published: August 2003

This article argues that tourists do not necessarily maximize their utility in selecting a travel mode; rather, their choice behavior is context dependent. Given particular conditions related to their family, the environment, and other aspects of the tourist experience, they are assumed to use different heuristics. The present study elicits these choice heuristics from observed data using a tree induction algorithm based on the chi-squared automatic interaction detection (CHAID) algorithm. The induced decision rules are presented in decision tables because this formalism allows one to verify the exhaustiveness, exclusiveness, and consistency of a set of decision rules. It is shown that the choice of transport mode is a highly complex decision. The results of the analyses indicate that this methodology can be applied successfully to better understand tourist choice behavior. Moreover, the statistical properties of the decision table generated are satisfactory, especially when probabilistic rules are used.
Heidegger's Dasein and the Liberal Conception of the Self
Authors: Salem-Wiseman Jonathan
Published: August 2003

Although Heidegger's philosophical complicity with National Socialism has been the focus of virtually all discussions of his politics, little to no attention has been placed on how the conception of human existence developed in Being and Time might shed light on debates about the self between contemporary liberals and communitarians. By situating Heidegger's early work within these ongoing debates, the author will show how his descriptions of Dasein—especially the descriptions of the relationship between Dasein and its community—are actually more consistent with liberal views of the self than with communitarian interpretations. Heidegger helps to clarify how a thickly constituted, social self may nevertheless stand back from its community in ways that communitarians are hard pressed to explain. In the final section, the author will comment on the compatibility of Heidegger's conception of Dasein with liberalism as a political philosophy, focusing in particular on Heidegger's conception of Mitsein or being-with.
The Shapes of Liberal Thought
Authors: Franco Paul
Published: August 2003

This article compares the political philosophies of Michael Oakeshott and Isaiah Berlin, probably the two most important political philosophers in postwar Britain, who, strangely, had very little to do with one another during their illustrious careers. The article focuses on their respective critiques of rationalism and theories of liberal pluralism, arguing that Oakeshott provides the more consistent and philosophically satisfying account in both instances.
A New Scheme of Positive and Negative Freedom
Authors: Dimova-Cookson Maria
Published: August 2003

This article offers a new scheme of the relation between positive and negative freedom that is based on a retrieval of T. H. Green's theory of freedom and on further reconstructions of his theory. Some of the distinctions in the literature have proven difficult to sustain, and this has resulted in a weakening of the dichotomy in principle, and of the concepts of positive and negative freedom independently of each other. The main distinction between negative and positive freedom offered here is based on the relation of freedom to the will. We have two kinds of freedom, in both our private and social spheres, because there are two types of goods that we, as human beings, pursue: ordinary and moral. This distinction proves to be sustainable, manages to explain the antagonistic nature of the two concepts, and provides grounds for the support of the two kinds of freedom in their own right.
Using Multiple Drug Exposure Levels to Optimize Power in Pharmacogenetic Trials
Authors: Judson Richard
Published: August 2003

Large‐scale pharmacogenetic trials testing tens to hundreds of thousands of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) will become possible in the near future given rapidly decreasing costs of genotyping. Devising optimal designs for these trials will be a significant challenge. The author demonstrates how the level of drug exposure may strongly affect the power to detect true associations between genetic polymorphisms and drug response. An analytic model of drug response is described that is used to simulate pharmacogenetic trials. Analytical and numerical sensitivity analyses are performed on the model to demonstrate possible exposure‐sensitivity behaviors. This model shows that the power to detect an association can be a nonlinear, nonmonotonic function of drug exposure. This model is further investigated using two clinical trial designs. The conclusion is that trial designs that use more than one drug exposure or dose will have an increased likelihood of discovering statistically significant pharmacogenetic associations.
Naproxen 500 mg bid versus Acetaminophen 1000 mg qid: Effect on Swelling and Other Acute Postoperative Events after Bilateral Third Molar Surgery
Authors: Bjørnsson G. A. , Haanæs H. R. , Skoglund L. A.
Published: August 2003

A controlled, randomized, double‐blind crossover study, in which the patients acted as their own controls, was carried out to test the efficacy of naproxen 500 mg × 2 versus acetaminophen 1000 mg × 4 for 3 days on the postoperative course following third molar surgery. Acetaminophen reduced the mean swelling on the 3rd postoperative day by 22.4% (p = 0.023) compared to that after naproxen. On the 6th postoperative day, there was 20.9% less mean swelling with naproxen (p = 0.44), although the total swelling measurements were much less than those measured on the 3rd postoperative day. Summed pain intensity (SUMPI3.5–11) on the day of surgery revealed no statistically significant difference between the acetaminophen or naproxen regimen with the exception of 0.5 hours (p = 0.002) and 1 hour (p = 0.009) after first medication when acetaminophen gave less pain than naproxen. Since the drug regimens were different, summed PI for the first acetaminophen dose interval (SUMPI3.5–6) and the first naproxen dose interval (SUMPI3.5–9) was calculated. There was a tendency toward a statistically significant difference in favor of acetaminophen for SUMPI3.5–6(p = 0.055) but no statistically significant difference (p = 0.41) between the treatments with respect to SUMPI3.5–9. Naproxen was statistically superior (p ≤ 0.002) to acetaminophen at 08:00, 12:00, and 16:00 hours on the 1st postoperative day and at 08:00 hours on the 2nd postoperative day, when the pain intensity level was lower than that on the day of surgery. A 3‐day acetaminophen regimen reduces acute postoperative swelling better than naproxen on the 3rd postoperative day after third molar surgery but not on the 6th postoperative day when the total swelling is less.
Comparative Effects of Atorvastatin, Simvastatin, and Fenofibrate on Serum Homocysteine Levels in Patients with Primary Hyperlipidemia
Authors: Milionis Haralampos J. , Papakostas John , Kakafika Anna , Chasiotis George , Seferiadis Konstantine , Elisaf Moses S.
Published: August 2003

Hyperhomocysteinemia is regarded as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Lipid‐lowering agents, such as fibrates, can modify homocysteine levels. However, less is known about the effect of statin therapy on homocysteine. The authors compared the effects of atorvastatin (40 mg/day), simvastatin (40 mg/day), and micronized fenofibrate (200 mg/day) on the serum concentrations of total homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folic acid in patients with primary hyperlipidemia. A total of 128 patients with primary hyperlipidemia (total cholesterol > 240 mg/dL and triglycerides < 350 mg/dL) were assigned to atorvastatin, simvastatin, or fenofibrate. Serum lipid and metabolic parameters were measured at baseline and at 6 and 12 weeks of treatment. Homocysteine correlated positively with serum creatinine and uric acid levels and inversely with serum folic acid levels. All treatment modalities reduced total, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations. High‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels significantly increased only in the fenofibrate‐treated patients (47.9 ± 12.5 vs. 50.7 ± 12.6 vs. 51.2 ± 12.8 mg/dL, p 0.01). Atorvastatin and fenofibrate treatment resulted in a significant reduction of serum uric acid levels (5.3 ± 1.6 vs. 4.9 ± 1.4 vs. 4.8 ± 1.4 mg/dL, p < 0.0001 for atorvastatin; 5.6 ± 1.6 vs. 4.3 ± 1.4 vs. 4.4 ± 1.4 mg/dL, p < 0.0001 for fenofibrate). Homocysteine levels were significantly increased only by fenofibrate (10.3 ± 3.3 vs. 14.1 ± 3.8 vs. 14.2 ± 3.6 μU/L, p < 0.001) but did not change from baseline following statin treatment. Neither statins nor fenofibrate had any effect on serum vitamin B12 and folic acid levels. In contrast to fenofibrate, therapeutic dosages of atorvastatin and simvastatin have a neutral effect on serum homocysteine levels, which is in favor of their “cardioprotective” properties.
A Limited Sampling Method for the Estimation of Serum Calcitriol Area under the Curve in Cancer Patients
Authors: Muindi Josephia R. , Wilson John W. , Peng Ying , Capozolli Mary Jo , Johnson Candace S. , Trump Donald L.
Published: August 2003

Pharmacokinetic (PK) data from 34 cancer patients receiving 2 to 10 μg of calcitriol subcutaneously (SC) were used to develop a limited sampling method for predicting serum calcitriol area under curve (AUC) based on three samples instead of the full complement of 12 to 16 samples. Serum calcitriol levels were measured by 1, 25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3‐[I125] radioimmunoassay. Individual patient‐corrected serum calcitriol AUC0–12 h was calculated by the trapezoidal rule after subtracting the pretreatment serum calcitriol level. PK data were split into “training” and “evaluation” sets based on calcitriol dose and chronological order of enrollment. Linear regression models of log‐corrected AUC0–12 h versus individual log calcitriol serum levels in the hour 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 samples were established using the training data set of 17 patients. The fit was tested on the evaluation data set of 17 patients using mean squared error (MSE) as the fit criterion. The best single time point predictor of log AUC0–12 h was the log serum (calcitriol) at hour 6 (MSE = 0.0061). The best prediction of log AUC0–12 h using two time points was found to involve hour 6 and hour 2 (MSE = 0.0018). The prediction equation for the latter model was as follows: Log AUC = 1.125 + 0.3756 • log (calcitriol) at hour 2 + 0.5859 • log (calcitriol) at hour 6. This limited sampling method was further evaluated in 83 cancer patients treated with 4 to 38 μg of oral (PO) calcitriol; observed and predicted calcitriol AUC0–12 h were highly correlated (r ≥ 0.90, p = 0.0001). These results show that serum calcitriol AUC0–12 h after SC and PO calcitriol administration is accurately estimated using pretreatment and 2‐ and 6‐hour blood samples.
Pharmacokinetics of O6‐Benzylguanine (NSC637037) and Its Metabolite, 8‐Oxo‐O6‐Benzylguanine
Authors: Tserng Kou‐Yi , Ingalls Stephen T. , Boczko Erik M. , Spiro Timothy P. , Li Xiaolin , Majka Susan , Gerson Stanton L. , Willson James K. V. , Hoppel Charles L.
Published: August 2003

O6‐Benzylguanine and its metabolite, 8‐oxo‐O6‐benzylguanine, are equally potent inhibitors of the DNA repair enzyme, O6‐alkylguanine‐DNA alkyltransferase. Pharmacokinetic values are derived from cancer patients participating in a phase I trial (10 or 20 mg/m2 of O6‐benzylguanine in a single bolus dose or 10 to 120 mg/m2 as a 60‐min constant infusion). A two‐compartment model fits the plasma concentration versus time profile of O6‐benzylguanine. O6‐Benzylguanine is eliminated rapidly from the plasma compartment in humans (t1/2α and t1/2β are 2 ± 2 min and 26 ± 15 min [mean ± SD, n = 7], respectively), and its plasma clearance (513 ± 148 mL/min/m2) is not dose dependent. Metabolite kinetics are evaluated using both a novel approach describing the relationship between O6‐benzylguanine and 8‐oxo‐O6‐benzylguanine and classical metabolite kinetics methods. With increasing doses of O6‐benzylguanine, the plasma clearance of 8‐oxo‐O6‐benzylguanine decreases, prolonging elimination of the metabolite. This effect is not altered by coadministration of BCNU. The urinary excretion of drug and metabolites is minimal.
Lack of Effect of Aprepitant on Digoxin Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Feuring Martin , Lee Yih , Orlowski Laura H. , Michiels Nicole , De Smet Marina , Majumdar Anup K. , Petty Kevin J. , Goldberg Michael R. , Murphy M. Gail , Gottesdiener Keith M. , Hesney Michael , Brackett L. Ellen , Wehling Martin
Published: August 2003

Aprepitant is a highly selective neurokinin‐1 receptor antagonist that, in combination with a corticosteroid and a 5‐hydroxytryptamine3 (5HT3) receptor antagonist, has been shown to be efficacious in the prevention of highly emetogenic chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting. In vitro data suggest that aprepitant is a substrate and a weak inhibitor of P‐glycoprotein. Thus, the effect of aprepitant on the pharmacokinetics of digoxin, a P‐glycoprotein substrate, was examined in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized, two‐period crossover study in 12 healthy subjects. Each subject received daily oral doses of digoxin 0.25 mg on Days 1 through 13 during both treatment periods. Aprepitant 125 mg (or matching placebo) was coadministered orally with digoxin on Day 7, and aprepitant 80 mg (or matching placebo) was coadministered orally with digoxin on Days 8 to 11. Aprepitant did not affect the pharmacokinetics of digoxin. The geometric mean ratios (90% confidence interval [CI]) for plasma AUC0–24 h of digoxin (with/without aprepitant) were 0.99 (0.91, 1.09) and 0.93 (0.83, 1.05) on Days 7 and 11, respectively, and the geometric mean ratios (90% CI) for the 24‐hour urinary excretion of immunoreactive digoxin (with/without aprepitant) were 0.91 (0.80, 1.04) and 1.00 (0.91, 1.09) on Days 7 and 11, respectively. Thus, aprepitant, when dosed as a 5‐day regimen, did not interact with a known substrate of the P‐glycoprotein transporter.
Culture and Well-Being: The Cycle of Action, Evaluation, and Decision
Authors: Oishi Shigehiro , Diener Ed
Published: August 2003

Two studies were conducted to examine how European and Asian Americans experience and remember their task performance, make a decision about a future task, and how that decision affects enjoyment of the task. In Study 1, although Asians solved as many anagrams as European Americans, Asians remembered solving fewer than did European Americans at Time 2. European Americans' Time 2 choice of task was predicted from Time 1 performance, but Asians' Time 2 choice was not. In Study 2, European Americans chose the same task if they had previously done well and a different task if they had not. Their actual enjoyment of the Time 2 task, furthermore, was significantly higher than at Time 1. In contrast, there was no change in actual enjoyment of the task at Time 2 among Asians because their choice was not based on their performance at Time 1.
Motivations for Caregiving in Adult Intimate Relationships: Influences on Caregiving Behavior and Relationship Functioning
Authors: Feeney Brooke C. , Collins Nancy L.
Published: August 2003

This study identified and examined the correlates of specific motivations for caregiving in romantic couples (N = 194 couples). At Time 1, couple members completed measures assessing motivations for caregiving, the quality of caregiving that occurs in the relationship, and personal and relationship characteristics that might influence caregiving motivations. Relationship functioning was then assessed 2 to 3 months later. Results revealed that (a) there are a number of distinct motivations for providing and for not providing care to one's partner, (b) the motivations are associated with various personal features of the caregiver and the recipient, (c) the caregiver's perceptions of the relationship influence his or her caregiving motives, (d) different motivations for caregiving predict different patterns of caregiving behavior, and (e) responsive caregiving predicts the recipient's perceptions of healthy relationship functioning both immediately and over time. Implications of identifying the motivations that promote or inhibit the provision of responsive support in intimate relationships are discussed.
On the Hierarchical Structure of Self-Determined Motivation: A Test of Top-Down, Bottom-Up, Reciprocal, and Horizontal Effects
Authors: Guay Frédéric , Mageau Geneviève A. , Vallerand Robert J.
Published: August 2003

This article aimed to test some hypotheses about the hierarchical structure of self-determined motivation in two longitudinal studies. First, the authors verified the stability of global self-determined motivation and school self-determined motivation over time. Second, they tested top-down, bottom-up, reciprocal, and horizontal effects between global self-determined motivation and school self-determined motivation. In Study 1, 122 college students were evaluated on two occasions with a 5-year interval on their global and school self-determined motivation. In Study 2, 294 college students were evaluated on the same variables with a 1-year interval. Results from both studies revealed that (a) global self-determined motivation was not more stable than self-determined school motivation over time and (b) a cross-lag model including reciprocal effects between self-determined global and self-determined school motivation offered the best fit indices comparatively to a model involving only horizontal (or stability) effects. Discussion emphasizes the theoretical implications of the results.
Group Identification Moderates Emotional Responses to Perceived Prejudice
Authors: McCoy Shannon K. , Major Brenda
Published: August 2003

Two studies tested the prediction that group identification (importance of the group in the self-concept) moderates the impact of perceived discrimination on self-evaluative emotions (depression and self-esteem). In Study 1, women low in gender identification experienced less depressed emotion and higher self-esteem if a negative evaluation was due to sexism than when it was not. The self-evaluative emotions of women high in gender identification were not buffered by attributions to sexism. In Study 2, ethnic identification and depressed emotions were positively related when Latino-Americans read about pervasive prejudice against the ingroup but were negatively related when they read about prejudice against an outgroup. Both studies demonstrated that for highly group identified individuals, prejudice against the ingroup is a threat against the self. Thus, the self-protective strategy of attributing negative feedback to discrimination may be primarily effective for individuals who do not consider the group a central aspect of self.
Nifty Ways to Leave Your Lover: The Tactics People Use to Entice and Disguise the Process of Human Mate Poaching
Authors: Schmitt David P. , Shackelford Todd K.
Published: August 2003

Although a number of studies have explored the ways that men and women romantically attract mates, almost no research exists on the special tactics people use when already in a relationship and trying to attract someone new—a process known as mate poaching enticement. In Study 1, the authors investigated the tactics people use to entice others into making mate poaching attempts. Enticement tactic effectiveness conformed to evolutionary-predicted patterns across sex and temporal context. In Study 2, the authors examined the tactics men and women use to disguise mate poaching enticement. The most effective camouflage for poaching also varied between sex in evolutionary-predicted ways, regardless of the target of deception (i.e., current partner vs. larger community). Discussion focuses on limitations of this research, future investigative directions, unexpected findings, and the utility of placing mate poaching attraction within the broader context of human sexual strategies.
Daily Supportive Equity in Close Relationships
Authors: Gleason Marci E. J. , Iida Masumi , Bolger Niall , Shrout Patrick E.
Published: August 2003

Receiving support in committed relationships has frequently been associated with negative psychological outcomes in the recipient, such as increased distress. The authors hypothesized that these negative effects could be offset by support recipients' reciprocation of support, that is, by creating a sense of supportive equity. To investigate this hypothesis, the authors obtained daily reports of mood and of received and given emotional support from both partners in 85 couples throughout a 4-week period. Reciprocity in support transactions was associated with higher levels of positive mood and lower levels of negative mood. In line with previous research, receiving support without reciprocation was associated with increases in negative mood. Giving support, regardless of receipt, was associated with a decrease in negative mood.
Implicit and Explicit Motives Influence Accessibility to Different Autobiographical Knowledge
Authors: Woike Barbara , Mcleod Shenequa , Goggin Michelle
Published: August 2003

In two studies, participants completed implicit and explicit measures of achievement and intimacy/affiliation motivation. In Study 1, they recalled an emotional and a self-descriptive memory. In both domains, implicit motive scores were higher when motivational content was present in the emotional memory. When motivational content was present in the self-descriptive memory, explicit motive scores were higher in both domains. In Study 2, participants recalled four autobiographical memories (two agentic, two communal) that were then categorized as specific or general events. Implicit motive scores were higher for participants who recalled specific agentic and communal events. Explicit motive scores were higher for participants who recalled general achievement events but not general communal events. Findings suggest that implicit motives are linked to accessibility of specific and emotional experiences, whereas explicit motives are linked more strongly to accessibility of specific and general memories that relate to the self-concept.
Ethnophaulisms and Exclusion: The Behavioral Consequences of Cognitive Representation of Ethnic Immigrant Groups
Authors: Mullen Brian , Rice Diana R.
Published: August 2003

Ethnophaulisms are the words used as slurs to refer to ethnic immigrant outgroups. This article explores the effects of these cognitive representations of ethnic immigrant groups on exclusion behavior directed toward these immigrant groups. Using archival data spanning a 150-year period of American history, the results of these analyses provide a sobering picture of the effects of the cognitive representation of immigrants: a century and a half of thinking about ethnic immigrant groups in a simplistic and negative manner and a corresponding tendency to exclude those immigrant groups from the receiving society. The implications of these results for theoretical approaches to intergroup relations are considered.
Predictors of Early Initiation of Sexual Intercourse among High-Risk Adolescents
Authors: French Doran C. , Dishion Thomas J.
Published: August 2003

This longitudinal study assessed the characteristics that predicted the timing of first sexual intercourse in a high-risk sample of adolescents between the ages of 11 and 14 years. The analyses were conducted with 162 adolescents (total sample of 215) who were virgins at baseline and for whom it was possible to determine the date of first sexual intercourse. Event history analyses were employed and predictor variables were defined using multimethod and multiagent assessments. The modal age of first intercourse was 14 years. Pubertal status, externalizing ratings, delinquency, substance use, monitoring, and deviant-peer involvement were univariate predictors of age of first sexual intercourse, whereas deviant-peer involvement was the sole predictor in the multivariate analysis. These results suggest that precocious sexual initiation can be understood using models of the etiology of other problem behavior and that deviant-peer involvement is a particularly salient dimension of this trajectory.
Family Relationships as Moderators of the Association between Romantic Relationships and Adjustment in Early Adolescence
Authors: Doyle Anna Beth , Brendgen Mara , Markiewicz Dorothy , Kamkar Katy
Published: August 2003

The role of adolescents' family relationships as moderators of the negative associations between early steady dating and adjustment was investigated. Two hundred forty-four adolescents, 13to 14 years old, reported on family and peer relationships (attachment security to mother and father, marital conflict, parenting style, friend nominations) and adjustment. As predicted, negative associations between early steady dating and adjustment were moderated by family factors and gender. For girls in families high in marital conflict, steady dating was associated with lower self-esteem, and in authoritarian families, with more symptoms of depression. Girls securely attached to their mother and not dating steadily had higher grades. These findings suggest that success in prior relationships contributes to adolescents' abilities to cope with later developmental challenges.
The Significance of Parental Depressed Mood for Young Adolescents' Emotional and Family Experiences
Authors: Sarigiani Pamela A. , Heath Phyllis A. , Camarena Phame M.
Published: August 2003

Drawing from a larger longitudinal investigation, the links between young adolescents' everyday experiences and parental depressed mood were examined in 201 primarily Caucasian family groups. The current study used data collected when the adolescents were in seventh and eighth grade. Families in which at least one parent reported recurrent depressed mood (n = 36) were compared with a contrast group of families (n = 165). Adolescents in the recurrent parent depression group reported higher levels of depressed mood and greater family conflict. Experience Sampling Method data revealed that boys in the recurrent parent depression group spent more time with their families compared with girls in that group. Adolescents with depressed parents, especially girls, reported less positive mood when with their families. Analyses identified characteristics that distinguished between adolescents with depressed parents who themselves were experiencing elevated depressed mood and adolescents who did not show elevated depressed mood.
Determination of Death by Neurological Criteria
Authors: Morenski John David , Oro John J. , Tobias Joseph D. , Singh Amolak
Published: August 2003

Until 1968, when an ad hoc Harvard Medical School Committee published a landmark paper calling for determination of death using neurological rather than cardio-vascular criteria, death was considered to have occurred when the heart irreversibly ceased beating. Since that time, every jurisdiction in the country has come to accept through law or court decision neurological criteria to define death. The authors review the issue of death by neurological criteria in light of current guidelines and recent advances.
Treatment Needs of Women Arrested for Domestic Violence
Authors: Henning Kris , Jones Angela , Holdford Robert
Published: August 2003

Rising numbers of women arrested for domestic violence present many theoretical and practical challenges. At the theoretical level, there is ongoing debate about whether women are equally aggressive as men. At the practical level, little research is available to guide how female cases are handled in the criminal justice system. In this study, data were obtained regarding demographic characteristics, mental health functioning, and childhood familial dysfunction for a large sample of male (n =2,254) and female (n = 281) domestic violence offenders. The women were demographically similar to the men, and few differences were noted in their childhood experiences. Women were more likely than men to have previously attempted suicide, whereas more men had conduct problems in childhood and substance abuse in adulthood. Compared to the male offenders, women reported more symptoms of personality dysfunction and mood disorder. Treatment implications of these findings are discussed.
Screening for Intimate Partner Violence when Children are Present
Authors: Zink Therese M. , Jacobson Jeff
Published: August 2003

Although intimate partner violence (IPV) is routinely encountered in health care, it often goes undetected. Medical organizations recommend routine screening of women alone without children or partner. Separating a mother from her children may not be feasible in busy practices. Therefore, screening may not occur. Little research has examined women's desires about IPV screening in front of their children. This study interviewed 32 mothers/survivors who were in either an IPV shelter or support group regarding their wishes about IPV screening and discussions in front of their children. Interviews were audio taped, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. Major themes included mothers' comfort with the use of general IPV screening questions in front of children ages 3 to 12 years. In summary, most mothers/ survivors were comfortable with physicians using general questions to screen for IPV but preferred in-depth discussions about the abuse and resource sharing in private.
Cyclical Changes of Homicide Rates
Authors: Rock Danny , Greenberg David M. , Hallmayer Joachim
Published: August 2003

The objective of this analysis is to explore the possibility that Brearley's failure to detect a coherent pattern of seasonal variation in his well-known study of homicide in the United States was due to a lack of statistical refinement. The original data on homicides in the United States between 1923 and 1928 (N = 51,798) were reanalyzed using spectral analysis. The results show a significant seasonal dependency with a peak in the homicide rate in August. The seasonal dependency explains between 23% and 30% of the total homicide variance. The importance of this finding is the degree of explained variance and the location of the peak, which is remarkably consistent with more contemporary studies using similar methods despite substantial sociodemographic changes, suggesting an endogenous etiology.
Pilgrim Apparition Work
Authors: Davis Philip W. , Boles Jacqueline
Published: August 2003

Research on religious apparitions tends to focus on characteristics of the participants, needs of the believers, functions of the events, and biographies of the leaders. In contrast, this article focuses on group interaction and participant interpretations. The authors analyze what took place, and what pilgrims thought and felt, during a recurring apparition of the Virgin Mary during the 1990s on a farm near the U.S. town of Conyers, Georgia. Analysis draws on sixty hours of observation, nineteen semistructured interviews with pilgrims visiting the site, conversational interviews, and local and national press coverage. They examine the nature and significance of pilgrim apparition work, identifying three forms: sojourn work, seer work, and sign work. They conclude that by engaging in these “guided doings,” pilgrims apply and adapt wider apparition meanings to particular miracles and, in the process, sustain both the validity and normalcy of the miracle taking place.
A Couple of White Guys Sitting around Talking
Authors: Desantis Alan D
Published: August 2003

At a small, independently owned cigar shop in a moderate-sized southern city, approximately thirty customers regularly gather at what has become a de facto men's smoking club to discuss sports, politics, religion, and the joys of cigar smoking. Of all the conversations to take place at Tullio's, however, none are as passionate or as recurring as the discussions on the health risks associated with cigar smoking. During these encounters, the “regulars” collectively create a linguistic defense shield that, ironically, protects them from the anxiety produced by antismoking messages. Specifically, the regulars at the shop collectively craft and share five prosmoking arguments that (1) refute the findings of the medical establishment, (2) anesthetize them from the impact of antismoking messages, and (3) relieve their cognitive dissonance and anxiety created by the act of smoking.
Corporate Scandal and the Theory of the Firm
Authors: Kuhn Timothy , Lee Ashcraft Karen
Published: August 2003

Corporate scandals generate public scrutiny of organizational communication practices, invoke discourses about systemic change, and problematize firms' legitimacy as communication agents. Accordingly, the authors situate corporate scandal as a crucial social problem that organizational communication scholars can usefully inform, and they propose the theory of the firm as an important analytic lens that confronts key organizational questions at the heart of contemporary scandals. They read forms of scandal through three existing theories of the firm (economic, resource based, and moral community), arguing that these models inadequately explain issues of meaning, process, and firm influence. In response, the authors turn to literature depicting communication as constitutive of organizing to sketch the contours of a distinctly communicative theory of the firm that can better account for scandal and thereby enhance the theoretical and practical contributions of organizational communication studies.
Life Imitates Art
Authors: Boje David M. , Rosile Grace ANN
Published: August 2003

Enron is more than tragedy; it is epic theatre. Epic theatre is not one narrator on one stage; it is a multitude of simultaneous theatric performances, collectively negotiated by inquiry participants (reporters, regulators, analysts), narrating while wandering in an unstable labyrinth of networked stages. Narrators of the Enron epic (in contrast to tragic) grasp together a wider cast of characters, interlace more historical incidents, and suggest broader systemic changes to capitalism and democracy. The stages of dramatic action (rising, crisis, falling, and denouement), which we are taught to expect in narration, do not settle into one emplotment in epic as they do in tragedy. The authors contend that the tragic narrative form constrains meltdown inquiry, whereas epic expands it. The tragic version of this corporate meltdown absolves us of culpability and responsibility, as the tragic hero becomes our scapegoat.
The Management Education by Internet Readiness (Mebir) Scale: Developing a Scale to Assess Personal Readiness for Internet-Mediated Management Education
Authors: Parnell John A. , Carraher Shawn
Published: August 2003

Although online delivery of management education is one of the most critical issues facing business schools and corporate universities, instruments to measure a prospective learner's readiness to participate in the online academic environment have been slow to develop. This article reports on the development of the Management Education by Internet Readiness (MEBIR) scale. The MEBIR scale can assist both online management education providers and prospective learners in determining the extent to which online delivery of management-related content is likely to be effective.
Rational, Human, Political, and Symbolic Text in Harvard Business School Cases: A Study of Structure and Content
Authors: Swiercz Paul Michael , Ross Kathleen T.
Published: August 2003

Critics of the case method have argued that cases too frequently overempha-size the formal and rational aspects of organizational functioning. Responding to these concerns, Harvard Business School (HBS) announced a commitment to broaden case content. In this study, narrative analysis is used to investigate the content of the 36 most popular HBS cases of 1996. It reveals that these cases continue to reflect the rational domain bias that engendered the original criticism. The authors provide guidance to both case users and writers through the identification of four perceptual hazards (metathemes) that characterize the rationality bias.
The Ism Simulation: Teaching Integrated Management Concepts
Authors: McKone Kate , Bozewicz Jane
Published: August 2003

This article describes an experiential simulation that teaches management principles for service organizations. This team-based simulation requires students to coordinate airline staff and suppliers to meet flight schedules and customer demand while maintaining profitability. The decisions in the simulation require students to develop an integrated approach to management, coordinating marketing, operations, managerial accounting, and organizational behavior decisions. Key lessons include (a) the importance of integrated decision making; (b) the challenges of service operations management, including managing capacity, matching capacity with demand, financial forecasting, and coordinating marketing and operations decisions; and (c) the complexities of team-based management.
Convergence of Specific Factors in Vocational Interests and Personality
Authors: Staggs Gena D. , Larson Lisa M. , Borgen Fred H.
Published: August 2003

This study tests Larson and Borgen's assertion that a dramatic increase in variance occurs in the prediction of interests by personality if one examines the overlap at specific levels rather than only at broad levels of the RIASEC and Big Five dimensions. Whereas Larson and Borgen studied gifted adolescents, this study assessed a college sample using Tellegen's Big Three model of personality. Participants ( n = 200) completed the 1994 Strong Interest Inventory (SII) and the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ). The authors' findings corroborate 7 out of 10 specific hypotheses supported by Larson and Borgen, and also support the general hypothesis that specific MPQ primary scales contribute significantly to the prediction of SII Basic Interest scales (BISs) beyond the contribution of the related MPQ higher order factors. An important relation found between the MPQ Harm Avoidance and several Realistic BISs is discussed.
Self- and Other-Referent Criteria of Career Success
Authors: Heslin Peter A.
Published: August 2003

Subjective career success is typically measured relative to self-referent criteria, such as a person's career goals and aspirations. Part-time MBA students were asked to evaluate their “career success to this point in time” and to be specific about how they know the extent to which their career is successful. Drawing on Festinger's social comparison theory, this study examined whether they also use other-referent criteria, such as satisfaction with their income relative to their career peers. Other-referent success criteria were generated by 68% of participants. In addition, other-referent success explained 12% of unique variance in perceptions of overall career success. As predicted, participants with an entity implicit person theory (i.e., belief that ability and personality are largely fixed attributes) exhibited greater reliance on other-referent criteria. These results have implications for the conceptualization and measurement of career success, as well as for fostering the extent to which people experience career success.
An Investigation of Personality Traits in Relation to Career Satisfaction
Authors: Lounsbury John W. , Loveland James M. , Sundstrom Eric D. , Gibson Lucy W. , Drost Adam W. , Hamrick Frances L.
Published: August 2003

We examined personality traits in relation to career satisfaction and job satisfaction for 5,932 individuals in career transition. Personality traits were related to career satisfaction and job satisfaction in the total sample and 14 separate occupational groups. Regression analyses revealed three personality traits consistently related to career satisfaction: emotional resilience, optimism, and work drive in initial and holdout samples as well as in all 14 occupational groups, accounting for an average of 17% of career satisfaction variance. Personality traits correlated with career satisfaction included the Big Five traits of conscientiousness, extraversion, and openness and other, narrower traits, such as assertiveness, customer service orientation, and human managerial relations orientation. Results were discussed in terms of Holland's general personal competence factor, Goleman's emotional intelligence, career adaptation, and the nomothetic span of personality constructs. Also discussed were study limitations, suggestions for future research, and practical implications for career counseling.
Alternative Personality Variables and the Relationship to Holland's Personality Types in College Students
Authors: Roberti Jonathan W. , Fox Daniel J. , Tunick Roy H.
Published: August 2003

This study examined the relationship of alternative personality systems and vocational interests in a sample of college students. The sample (N = 126) consisted of undergraduate college students who were administered the Vocational Preference Inventory (VPI), the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire Brief Form (MPQ-BF), the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ), and the Sensation Seeking scale (SSS-V). It was determined that younger college students generally have undifferentiated vocational profiles. There is, however, a trend for men to be interested in Realistic, Enterprising, and Investigative vocations, whereas women were interested in Social, Enterprising, and Artistic vocations. Men and women had different associations between scores on personality inventories and interests in certain vocations. Finally, significant convergence between similar scales on the instruments was indicated. The findings reveal that the utilization of alternative personality traits and their linkage to vocational interests in clinical settings are vital for merging the two domains.
Creating Knowledge Collaboratively with Female Sex Workers: Insights from a Qualitative, Feminist, and Participatory Study
Authors: Wahab Stéphanie
Published: August 2003

This article reflexively engages substantive, epistemological, methodological, and ethical issues that surfaced during a feminist, qualitative, and participatory research project with 6 adult female sex workers in Seattle, Washington. Given the intersubjective researcher-participant relationship within participatory forms of inquiry, personal and professional roles and boundaries were often obscure, fluid, and minimally defined. Consequently, issues of power, those personal and institutional, facilitated intriguing tensions that captured this researcher's attention. Central to the issues explored in this article are significant tensions between collaborative, reflexive, community research and academic modes and structures. In-depth individual dialogue sessions provided opportunities to both explore and create knowledge collaboratively with sex workers about their experiences from their perspectives. A spontaneous interpretive focus group created an opportunity for the participants, working in diverse arenas of the sex industry, to meet and exchange thoughts, feelings, and experiences, as well as inform the inquiry process and the authenticity of the findings.
Constructing Female Genealogy: Autobiographical Female Representations as Means for Identity Work
Authors: Mäkelä Maarit
Published: August 2003

In this article, I am uncovering my journey as an artist. This journey opens up to an ambiguous autobiographical space produced by narrative means. The space can be conceived both as mental and spatial. The mental space is an autobiographical state where identity is constructed through the stories we tell ourselves about our lives; the spatial space is a concrete exhibition that is produced out of the mental one. During the journey I ask: How were the exhibition Mirrorplay and the creation process related to it produced? What were the means I used to create this space, and what did it mean to me to work in this autobiographically flavored space? While pondering these questions I am aware that the description of my artistic process can also encourage viewers to step into the (mental) autobiographical space of their own.
Art as Inquiry: The Autopsy of an [Art] Experience
Authors: Saarnivaara Marjatta
Published: August 2003

In this article, I explore transgressive experience by embracing my personal encounters with art and life. In accordance with a phenomenological approach, I emphasize immediate experience, description, and analysis of the world as a source of knowledge and understanding. From the perspective both of art education and research, I attempt to show the enslaving effect of conventions. Furthermore, I trace and lay bare the origins of my transgressive experience from a methodological viewpoint by describing and interpreting the moments and threads that link them with time, place, and situations, thus making transparent my actions as a researcher. I travel upstream, first discussing writing, then reflecting on the composition and materials of the case that I present, and concluding with the question of how my chosen approach serves the research task. I finish with a more general meditation in the form of a prose poem on introspective research.
The Effect of Stock Market Dynamics on Internet Price Competition
Authors: Cao Yong , Gruca Thomas S.
Published: August 2003

The authors' model of Internet pricing competition shows how differences in switching costs, increasing returns to scale, and discount rates between pure and hybrid e-tailers affected their choice of pricing objective. During the run-up of Internet stocks, differences in these determinants motivated pure e-tailers to build their customer base, whereas hybrid e-tailers leveraged their relationship with existing (offline) customers. In the resulting two-tiered pricing structure, pure e-tailers offered substantially lower prices than hybrid e-tailers. The dot.com crash of April 2000 increased the discount rate for pure e-tailers. Using a longitudinal database of printer prices, the authors' model correctly predicts changes in overall price dispersion and the direction and magnitude of price changes for pure and hybrid e-tailers associated with this change in the financial markets. This study illustrates how changes in financial markets can affect pricing competition among Internet retailers in a single category.