bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Connectivity between the Light Bridge and Penumbra in a Sunspot
Authors: Feng Song , Miao Yuhu , Yuan Ding , Qu Zhongquan , Nakariakov Valery M.
Published: April 2020

A light bridge is a prominent structure commonly observed within a sunspot. Its presence usually triggers a wealth of dynamics in a sunspot and has a lasting impact on sunspot evolution. However, the fundamental structure of light bridges is still not well understood. In this study, we used the high-resolution spectropolarimetry data obtained by the Solar Optical Telescope on board the Hinode satellite to analyze the magnetic and thermal structure of a light bridge at AR 12838. We also combined the high-cadence

channel data provided by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory to study the dynamics on this bridge. We found a pair of blue and red Doppler shift patches at two ends of this bridge; this pattern appears to be the convective motion directed by the horizontal component of the magnetic field aligned with the spine of the bridge. Paired upward and downward motions imply that the light bridge could have a two-legged or undulating magnetic field. Significant 4 minute oscillations in the emission intensity of the

bandpass were detected at two ends, which overlapped the paired blue- and redshift patches. The oscillatory signals at the light bridge and the penumbra were highly correlated with each other. Although they are separated in space at the photosphere, the periodicity seems to have a common origin from underneath the sunspot. Therefore, we infer that the light bridge and penumbra could share a common magnetic source and become fragmented at the photosphere by magnetoconvection.
First record of cannibalism in Thamnodynastes phoenix Franco, Trevine, Montingelli & Zaher, 2017 (Serpentes, Colubridae)
Authors: de Morais Mayara da Silva Ribeiro , de Araújo Paula Fernanda , Costa Renato Magnum Tavares , França Frederico Gustavo Rodrigues
Published: April 2020

Cannibalism has been documented across many groups of snakes and the same is true for Brazilian snakes. Herein, we present the first observation of cannibalism in Thamnodynastes phoenix between two adult males from Caatinga biome of northeastern Brazil. We suggest this behavior could be influenced by a lack of resources caused by extreme abiotic conditions, as well as the opportunistic habits of this species.
Lack of Efficacy of Dilated Screening for Retinoblastoma
Authors: Khan Arif O. , Al-Mesfer Saleh
Published: April 2020

Purpose:

To assess red reflex testing of the pharmacologically dilated pupil in screening for retinoblastoma.

Patients and Methods:

Children with a family history of retinoblastoma or a history of treated retinoblastoma who were admitted to our institution for examination using anesthesia during a 3-month period underwent red reflex testing of the pharmacologically dilated pupil in a masked fashion. Red reflexes were classified as normal (unremarkable), abnormal (in brightness or color), or absent (no reflex, black pupil). The results of the screenings were later compared with actual retinal findings.

Results:

Red reflex testing of the dilated pupil failed to identify all 13 eyes that harbored retinoblastoma lesions (all 13 were classified as normal). The 3 eyes that were identified as having abnormal red reflexes had neither disease nor significant refractive error.

Conclusion:

Red reflex testing of the dilated pupil is a poor screening technique for retinoblastoma.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2005;42:205–210.
Therapeutic Properties of Syzygium cumini (Jamun) and Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) Against Various Lethal Diseases
Authors: Gautam Ankita
Published: April 2020

Phytochemicals have recently been studied in vivo for their unmatched interactions in curing lethal diseases that can't be cured by allopathic medical intervention without any adverse effect on the patient health. These methods were being used in ancient India, where Jamun and Giloy have been used to decrease hormonal imbalance and pathological disorders. Signaling pathways of the active components of Tinospora cordifolia thus enable effective disease targeting. With so much to offer to the scientific world of medicine, the plant Tinospora truly acts as an incredible source as it deals with seasonal fever like Dengue, Malaria, Chickengunia, and anticancer and anti-HIV (research undergoing). Whereas the Syzygium cumini (Jamun) fruit and seed hold worth in treating various diet-related malfunctions, especially hyperglycemia. In the current research, Jamun seed and fruit extracts have been proved effective in the regulation of blood glucose and insulin parameters.
A Product System for Meaningful Work, Rehabilitation, and Social Well-Being in Correctional Contexts
Authors: Nemme Anton , Pandolfo Berto , Walden Roderick , Lie Stefan
Published: April 2020

This chapter explores the benefits of making as a tool for corrective rehabilitation, education and social wellbeing. Through a design-led research approach the team developed a new product system as part of a University Industry Collaboration (UIC) project with the manufacturing division of an adult correctional facility. The UIC research involved a formative study of four correction centres to determine capabilities with respect to the available technology and expertise. A new product system incorporating simple high-quality components was designed, enabling repeatable, industry compatible processes and universal access for a fluctuating labour force. Significantly, the research demonstrates that continued collaboration between university-based product design research units and manufacturing systems in correctional facilities should adopt a strategic approach to the development of products and practices. The research develops a series of principles for part and assembly design that we consider encourage positive educational and meaningful social well-being outcomes.
A Distributed M-Tree for Similarity Search in Large Multimedia Database on Spark
Authors: Do Phuc , Phan Trung Hong
Published: April 2020

In this chapter, Image2vec or Video2vector are used to convert images and video clips to vectors in large multimedia database. The M-tree is an index structure that can be used for the efficient resolution of similarity queries on complex objects. M-tree can be profitably used for content-based retrieval on multimedia databases provided relevant features have been extracted from the objects. In a large multimedia database, to search for similarities such as k-NN queries and Range queries, distances from the query object to all remaining objects (images or video clips) are calculated. The calculation between query and entities in a large multimedia database is not feasible. This chapter proposes a solution to distribute the M-Tree structure on the Apache Spark framework to solve the Range Query and kNN Query problems in large multimedia database with a lot of images and video clips.
The Fundamentals of Digital Forensics
Authors: Bhatele Kirti Raj , Jain Shivangi , Kataria Abhishek , Jain Prerana
Published: April 2020

This chapter simply provides a brief introduction to the various fundamentals and concepts that are related to the digital forensics. The overview of the digital forensics comprises the life cycle of the digital forensics with different stages, i.e., the preparation, collection, analysis, and reporting. The evaluation of the digital forensics tools comprises the encase forensic, The FTK(forensics tool kit), and The Helix digital forensic tool with their benefits and limitations. The digital forensics tools and techniques examination comprises the digital examination techniques, along with the live forensics analysis and the recovery of window registry, and the comparison of the digital forensics tools, and also focuses on the ACPO guidelines for digital forensics analysis.
User Identity Hiding Method of Android
Authors: Zhang Yi
Published: April 2020

With an 86.1% global market share, Android takes the top spot smartphone operating system. Due to its open environment, Android suffers from various kinds of attacks, which cause a serious privacy leakage problem. To protect users' privacy information, this article proposes a user identity hiding method of Android. The method constructs a hidden user identity in Android based on the multi-user mechanism. In particular, by hiding information related to hidden user, the method makes it invisible to normal user. The method can quickly switch the identity of normal user and hidden user by passwords. Thus, the method can deal with privacy information under hidden user identity while processing regular information under normal user identity. Compared with traditional security methods of Android, this method significantly improves the security of android devices without arousing any suspicion. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the method that it not only achieves ideal hiding effect on user identity, but also implements quick switch without sacrificing the performance of system.
The Collection and Service Optimization of China's Academic Library ILL Based on Bipartite Matching
Authors: Ma Yue , Han Jingxian , Li Zhuozhuo
Published: April 2020

The interlibrary loan (ILL) service is essential to a multi-campus university library. This article builds a dynamic collection optimization model based on readers' needs using ILL data. This article first examined the status quo and methods of ILL. Then, refers to some existing algorithms of bipartite matching and recommendation such as network-based inference (NBI). Based on the above analysis, this article builds a model to optimize university library collection. With the loaning data of Soochow Academic Library from 2013 as the training data, an optimizing case was performed. The 2469 interlibrary loan records including readers and book they borrow from other library in 2014 was used for testing the effects of the model. The model is able to identify potential ILL demands and improve the efficiency of book circulation.
Doctor's Awareness and Perception of Medical Library Resources and Services
Authors: Ikolo Violet E.
Published: April 2020

The study is an investigation of doctor awareness and perception of the information resources and services in the Delta State University Teaching Hospital (DELSUTH), Oghara. The descriptive survey method has been employed for the study. Also, with the aid of a questionnaire, data has been collected from doctors (academic staff) at DELSUTH, and analysed using a simple percentage. Findings reveal that the doctors are mostly aware of the availability of textbooks and reprographic services in the Medical Library. However, there is a perception of inadequacy of the information resources and services. The study also observes that although the doctors perceive information to be of clinical value and provide new knowledge, the information is not always relevant, accurate and current.
Be cautious of “complex hydrocele” on ultrasound in young men
Authors: Symeonidis Evangelos N. , Sountoulides Petros , Asouhidou Irene , Gkekas Chrysovalantis , Tsifountoudis Ioannis , Tsantila Ioanna , Symeonidis Asterios , Georgiadis Christos , Malioris Apostolos , Papathanasiou Michail
Published: April 2020

Hydrocele is the most common benign cause of painless scrotal enlargement and only very rarely can be reactive to an underlying testicular tumor. We present the case of a healthy young man, complaining of mild left scrotal discomfort and swelling. Physical examination revealed a non-tender fluctuant left scrotum and serum tumor markers were normal. Scrotal ultrasonography (US) showed a normal right hemiscrotum and testicle and a fluid collection among thickened irregular septations in the left hemiscrotum, a finding which was considered as a complex hydrocele. Intraoperatively the presumed “complex hydrocele” was in fact a multicystic testicular tumor. We proceeded with orchiectomy through the scrotal incision and pathology revealed a mixed germ cell tumor of the testis consisting of cystic teratoma, in situ germ cell neoplasia unclassified (IGCNU) and Sertoli cell tumor. This is the first reported case of this type of testis tumor presenting as complex hydrocele. The aim of this case presentation is to underline the need for an accurate preoperative diagnosis in cases of suspected scrotal pathology in young males.
Impacto da gestão estratégica de custos no desempenho econômico-financeiro
Authors: Vizzotto Marcelo Juarez , Motta Marta Elisete Ventura da , Camargo Maria Emília
Published: April 2020

Quando a Gestão Estratégica de Custos (GEC) está alinhada com a estratégia da empresa as organizações tendem a apresentar um maior desempenho. A partir da relevância das questões relacionadas ao tema, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a relação existente entre as práticas da Gestão Estratégica de Custos e a atuação no mercado externo com o desempenho econômico-financeiro nas empresas metalmecânicas, automotivas e eletroeletrônicas da Serra Gaúcha. Como procedimento metodológico, foi utilizada pesquisa exploratória, descritiva e quantitativa. O levantamento das informações foi realizado através de uma survey. A população foi composta por 367 empresas de pequeno, médio e grande porte. Obteve-se uma amostra de 87 empresas. Os dados foram analisados por meio da Análise Fatorial Exploratória e Modelagem de Equações Estruturais. Nas análises das hipóteses os resultados indicam a existência de relação significativa entre a utilização das práticas da GEC e o desempenho econômico-financeiro.
"Sweet Country"'s powerful depiction of racial dynamics and tensions of the 1920s
Authors: Clarke Casey
Published: April 2020

Warwick Thornton’s outback western, Sweet Country (2017) is a powerful depiction of the racial dynamic and tensions of the 1920’s. The plot follows the story of Sam Kelly, an Indigenous man, who shoots and kills a white man Harry March in self-defence. The themes of colonialism, law and power cultivate in the experiences of the Aboriginal and white characters alike. The stories of Aboriginal people from this era are still largely untold, and even a fictional representation of this history, such as Sweet Country, helps the histories of black Australia penetrate the mainstream.
The Gweagal Shield
Authors: Lawn Kathryn
Published: April 2020

Recounts of Aboriginal Australian history stand as a jarring reminder of the dissonance at the heart of the modern Australian autonomy. Failing to comprehend the truth in a battle of power and knowledge, the Aboriginal story is partly lost, and the modern narrative found, in a tale of coercion and misrepresentation. The colonial process in Australia decimated the original inhabitants, expropriated their lands and dislocated them from their culture (Morris 1989), the systematic consequences of which would continue to be felt through generations. Narration of this discourse masqueraded as fact for many years, insinuated a complicity on the part of Aboriginal Australians in their own demise. As Morris notes, it was as if they had ‘simply faded away’ (1989, p.6). Few clues remain of the ‘other side’ of the frontier, of those who stood in guard of their Australia at the site of first contact with the colonisers.
Firms’ Financing Choices and Profitability in the For-Profit Education Industry: An Empirical Survey of Education Companies Listed on the NYSE and NASDAQ Stock Markets
Authors: Quintiliani Andrea
Published: April 2020

This study seeks to understand financing choices and its relationships with profitability of for-profit education companies listed on NASDAQ and NYSE. This study tests the hypothesis that knowledge-based firms with higher assets intangibility used less debt in their capital structures than capital-intensive firms with higher assets tangibility. Capital structure theory is a useful framework to explain research findings. Tests were conducted on a sample consisting of education companies and capital-intensive firms listed on NASDAQ and NYSE during the period 2000-2018. Data collected by Zacks Premium database were submitted to regression analysis. Findings suggest that capital-intensive firms have higher debt ratios than education companies. Also, this study finds existence of a strong inverse relationship between profitability and the amount of debt in the capital structure of capital-intensive firms while no such relationship was found between these two variables for the education companies. This study’s findings could provide valuable information to policymakers and investors to identify suitable financing policies in the for-profit education industry. Findings can also be useful to stimulate debate on the role of equity financing to supporting growth policies of for-profit education industry. This study attempts to fill the absence of empirical studies on financial policies of for-profit education firms.Contribution/ Originality: The main contribution of this study is that it will increase knowledge about funding able to sustain for-profit education firm's growth. Furthermore, this study tries to fill the lack of studies who investigate explicitly (empirically or theoretically) funding policies of for-profit education firms.
Perfil de pessoas com deficiências físico-motoras concorrentes pela Ação Afirmativa B de ingresso ao Ensino Superior
Authors: Ponte Aline Sarturi , Souza Francini Jacques de , Pommerehn Jodeli , Delboni Miriam Cabrera Corvelo
Published: April 2020

O estudo buscou analisar o perfil de candidatos com deficiências físico-motoras, concorrentes a reserva de vagas do concurso vestibular 2012 da referida instituição. A importância deste está na exploração das características biopsicossociais que definem sujeitos aptos à reserva de vagas, bem como as barreiras ambientais. Este estudo é documental, descritivo, retrospectivo e quantitativo. Foram analisados 41 questionários, destes somente 22 foram considerados aptos e 11 inaptos à reserva de vagas. Ambos os grupos apresentaram deficiências nas Funções e Estruturas do Corpo relacionadas principalmente ao Movimento, o que os difere são as limitações nas Atividades e Participação e nas barreiras Ambientais. A CIF permite compreender a deficiência de forma ampla, identificando questões de acessibilidade e conceituais.
Caracterização das pacientes com incontinência urinária atendidas em um serviço de fisioterapia ambulatorial
Authors: Tavares Deise Iop , Kurtz Manuella Chagas , Schlemmer Gessica Bordin Viera , Souza Cora Da Gama , Santos Tamires Daros dos , Vendrusculo Alecsandra Pinheiro , Pivetta Hedioneia Maria Foletto , Braz Melissa Medeiros
Published: April 2020

Introdução: A Incontinência urinária (IU) é considerada uma das novas epidemias associada com aumento da sobrevida, sendo mais frequente nas mulheres. Objetivo: Caracterizar as pacientes com incontinência urinária que foram atendidas no serviço de Fisioterapia de um serviço secundário de média complexidade no período de 2015 a 2017.  Métodos: Estudo transversal, descritivo, quantitativo realizado a partir de uma análise documental de prontuários de Fisioterapia de um serviço secundário de média complexidade durante o período de 2015 a 2017. Resultados: A IU esteve presente em mulheres com média de idade de 58,2 anos, casadas, com hipertensão ou constipação associadas, não praticavam atividade física, com prevalência de parto vaginal e com episiotomia, As perdas ocorreram  mais durante o dia, em forma de jato, ao esforço e após a tosse ou espirros.  Conclusão: Espera-se que com estes dados se tenha um maior conhecimento sobre a incontinência urinária e seus agravos e se possam elaborar ações para desmistifica-las.
Infecções causadas por malassezia: novas abordagens
Authors: Maraschin Mariane De Mello , Spader Tatiana Borba , Mario Débora Alves Nunes , Motta Luana Rossato Siqueira , Lopes Paulo Guilherme Markus
Published: April 2020

O gênero Malassezia compreende fungos leveduriformes lipofílicos e lipodependentes que recentemente sofreram mudanças em sua classificação taxonômica, com a introdução de quatro novas espécies: M. globosa, M. obtusa, M. slooffiae e M. restricta, além das espécies M. furfur, M. pachydermatis e M. sympodialis, anteriormente descritas. Estes fungos estão associados a vários quadros patológicos que incluem infecções como a pitiríase versicolor, dermatite seborréica, dermatite atópica, fungemia, entre outros. Estes quadros eram, até pouco tempo atrás, considerados exclusivamente causados pela espécie M. furfur. As mudanças na classificação taxonômica do gênero Malassezia levaram a uma reavaliação dos procedimentos laboratoriais utilizados para a identificação deste agente etiológico. Entre eles podemos citar o estudo e a caracterização morfológica das espécies, sua tolerância térmica, suas necessidades nutricionais para determinados tipos de ácidos graxos, bem como a composição e as características do DNA de cada uma delas.
Avaliação da capacidade funcional em pacientes portadores de sequelas de AVC participantes do projeto de hidrocinesioterapia aplicada às patologias neurológicas do idoso
Authors: Rizzetti Danize Aparecida , Trevisan Claudia Morais
Published: April 2020

Os comprometimentos funcionais decorrentes do AVC prejudicam o desempenho das Atividades Básicas de Vida Diária (ABVD's) e das Atividades Instrumentais de Vida Diária (AIVD), predispondo o indivíduo à incapacitância funcional. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o nível de capacidade funcional na realização das ABVD's e AIVD's nos idosos portadores de seqüelas de AVC que participam de um projeto acadêmico de extensão. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizada a Avaliação Funcional das escalas de Kats e Lawton, apud Netto (1996), aplicada através de um questionário aos participantes. Em relação às ABVD's, todos os participantes (n=10) levantam-se da cama, tomam banho, realizam os cuidados de higiene e controlam seu intestino sem ajuda. Em relação às AIVD's, 40% (n=4) dos participantes conseguem preparar, planejar e servir suas refeições sem auxílio. Conclui-se que a maioria dos pacientes é independente para a realização de ABVD's e as maiores limitações encontram-se nas AIVD's.
Potencial antioxidante in vitro, conteúdo de fenóis e flavonóides nos ramos de Scutia buxifolia Reissek
Authors: Boligon Aline Augusti , Magoga Bruna Ribeiro , Feltrin Andrieli Cassel , Janovik Vanessa , Athayde Margareth Linde
Published: April 2020

O presente trabalho descreve a avaliação da atividade antioxidante pela metodologia do radical livre DPPH, o doseamento de polifenóis pelo método de Folin-Ciocalteau e teor de flavonóides no extrato bruto e nas frações dos ramos de Scutia buxifolia (coronilha). O conteúdo de polifenóis e flavonóides variaram de 102,02 ± 0,71 a 318,82 ± 1,62 miligrama de ácido pirogálico por grama de planta seca e 83,47 ± 0,93 a 140,71 ± 2,14 miligrama de rutina por grama de planta seca, respectivamente. O IC50, concentração necessária para inibir a atividade do DPPH em 50% foi: extrato bruto > CH2Cl2 > AcOEt > n-BuOH. No presente estudo foi possível estabelecer uma alta correlação positiva entre compostos fenólicos das frações e a atividade antioxidante destas (0,99). Estes resultados indicam que S. buxifolia possui Substâncias químicas capazes de capturarem radicais livres, compostos promissores na busca de fármacos antioxidantes contra doenças decorrentes do estresse oxidativo, sendo as frações n-BuOH e AcOEt as mais efetivas.
Extended medial sural artery perforator free flap for groin and scrotal reconstruction
Authors: Teven Chad M. , Yu Jason W. , Zhao Lee C. , Levine Jamie P.
Published: April 2020

The medial sural artery perforator (MSAP) flap is a versatile fasciocutaneous flap that has been used successfully in the reconstruction of defects across the body. In specific cases, it may prove superior to more commonly used options (e.g., anterolateral thigh flap and radial forearm free flap). Historically, a disadvantage of the MSAP flap is the relatively small surface area it provides for reconstruction. We recently encountered a patient with extensive pelvic injuries from prior trauma resulting in significant scarring and contracture of the groin, tethering of the penis, and loss of the scrotum and one testicle. The patient was unable to achieve erection from tethering and his remaining testicle had been buried in the thigh. In considering the reconstructive options, he was not a suitable candidate for a thigh-based or forearmbased flap. An extended MSAP flap measuring 25 cm×10 cm was used for resurfacing of the groin and pelvis as well as for the formation of a neoscrotum. This report is the first to document an MSAP flap utilized for simultaneous groin resurfacing and scrotoplasty. Additionally, the dimensions of this flap make it the largest recorded MSAP flap to date.
La dualidad en el desarrollo de interfaces web: ¿Ajax o Flash?
Authors: Tardáguila César
Published: April 2020

¿Ajax o Flash?. Ésta es una de las muchas preguntas sin respuesta que casi cualquier desarrollador web se ha hecho durante el último año.

Argumentos a favor de ambas tecnologías (porque en ambos casos hablar de lenguaje o de entorno de desarrollo no es demasiado riguroso) los hay, y probablemente del mismo peso y defendidos con semejante vehemencia por las respectivas comunidades de desarrolladores. Pero en realidad, la discusión se puede simplificar en uno sólo: el uso de tecnologías propietarias, o abiertas, y es que el player o máquina virtual de Flash es algo cerrado, propiedad de Adobe, y el HTML dinámico basado en comunicaciones asíncronas depende de un objeto (XMLHTTPRequest) propiedad de Microsoft, aunque implementado por todos los navegadores modernos.
La creación en el entorno digital: artivismo en la Red
Authors: Beneito Roser
Published: April 2020

La Casa América de Catalunya en Barcelona celebró el pasado jueves 21 de septiembre la mesa redonda titulada «La creació a l’entorn digital», que estaba incluida dentro del programa «Cooptecart: Cooperació, tecnologia i art», un ciclo formado por tres mesas redondas que tenían como tema central la red y los proyectos cooperativos que están surgiendo con Internet como medio de trabajo y medio, insistiendo, de difusión.
Separable gain control of ongoing and evoked activity in the visual cortex by serotonergic input
Authors: Azimi Zohre , Barzan Ruxandra , Spoida Katharina , Surdin Tatjana , Wollenweber Patric , Mark Melanie D , Herlitze Stefan , Jancke Dirk
Published: April 2020

Controlling gain of cortical activity is essential to modulate weights between internal ongoing communication and external sensory drive. Here, we show that serotonergic input has separable suppressive effects on the gain of ongoing and evoked visual activity. We combined optogenetic stimulation of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) with wide-field calcium imaging, extracellular recordings, and iontophoresis of serotonin (5-HT) receptor antagonists in the mouse visual cortex. 5-HT1A receptors promote divisive suppression of spontaneous activity, while 5-HT2A receptors act divisively on visual response gain and largely account for normalization of population responses over a range of visual contrasts in awake and anesthetized states. Thus, 5-HT input provides balanced but distinct suppressive effects on ongoing and evoked activity components across neuronal populations. Imbalanced 5-HT1A/2A activation, either through receptor-specific drug intake, genetically predisposed irregular 5-HT receptor density, or change in sensory bombardment may enhance internal broadcasts and reduce sensory drive and vice versa.
Endogenous itaconate is not required for particulate matter-induced NRF2 expression or inflammatory response
Authors: Sun Kaitlyn A , Li Yan , Meliton Angelo Y , Woods Parker S , Kimmig Lucas M , Cetin-Atalay Rengül , Hamanaka Robert B , Mutlu Gökhan M
Published: April 2020

Particulate matter (PM) air pollution causes cardiopulmonary mortality via macrophage-driven lung inflammation; however, the mechanisms are incompletely understood. RNA-sequencing demonstrated Acod1 (Aconitate decarboxylase 1) as one of the top genes induced by PM in macrophages. Acod1 encodes a mitochondrial enzyme that produces itaconate, which has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects via NRF2 after LPS. Here, we demonstrate that PM induces Acod1 and itaconate, which reduced mitochondrial respiration via complex II inhibition. Using Acod1-/- mice, we found that Acod1/endogenous itaconate does not affect PM-induced inflammation or NRF2 activation in macrophages in vitro or in vivo. In contrast, exogenous cell permeable itaconate, 4-octyl itaconate (OI) attenuated PM-induced inflammation in macrophages. OI was sufficient to activate NRF2 in macrophages; however, NRF2 was not required for the anti-inflammatory effects of OI. We conclude that the effects of itaconate production on inflammation are stimulus-dependent, and that there are important differences between endogenous and exogenously-applied itaconate.
Cell and molecular transitions during efficient dedifferentiation
Authors: Nichols John ME , Antolović Vlatka , Reich Jacob D , Brameyer Sophie , Paschke Peggy , Chubb Jonathan R
Published: April 2020

Dedifferentiation is a critical response to tissue damage, yet is not well understood, even at a basic phenomenological level. Developing Dictyostelium cells undergo highly efficient dedifferentiation, completed by most cells within 24 hr. We use this rapid response to investigate the control features of dedifferentiation, combining single cell imaging with high temporal resolution transcriptomics. Gene expression during dedifferentiation was predominantly a simple reversal of developmental changes, with expression changes not following this pattern primarily associated with ribosome biogenesis. Mutation of genes induced early in dedifferentiation did not strongly perturb the reversal of development. This apparent robustness may arise from adaptability of cells: the relative temporal ordering of cell and molecular events was not absolute, suggesting cell programmes reach the same end using different mechanisms. In addition, although cells start from different fates, they rapidly converged on a single expression trajectory. These regulatory features may contribute to dedifferentiation responses during regeneration.
Topology analysis and routing algorithms design for PTNet network
Authors: Han Zhijie , Zhang Qingfang , Du Xiaoyu , Guo Kun , He Mingshu
Published: April 2020

Data center network (DCN) is used for transmission, storage, and processing of big data, which plays an important role in cloud computing and CDN distribution. Network topology and routing algorithm are its core research content and key technical issues. The traditional network topology is difficult to guarantee the quality of service in scalability and fault tolerance. The server‐centric DCN topology can ensure the scale of the DCN by recursively increasing the number of network nodes and links. Relative to the Dcell, BCube, and BCCC typical network topology, PTNet network as a typical representative of a new type of the server‐centric DCN topology, which has more advantages in scalability, fault tolerance, and so on. The PTNet network topology is theoretically analyzed in terms of network diameter, bottleneck throughput, and total number of links in the network. Based on the deep research of PTNet network, this article analyzes and studies the network topology, multicast, and broadcast routing algorithm.
Surface Passivation of Perovskite Film by Sodium Toluenesulfonate for Highly Efficient Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Mengmeng , Hu Wanpei , Shang Yanbo , Zhou Weiran , Zhang Wenfeng , Yang Shangfeng
Published: April 2020

Ionic defects at the surfaces of organolead halide perovskite films are detrimental to both the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, sodium p‐toluenesulfonate (STS) is applied during the surface modification of perovskite layer for the first time, leading to the efficient surface passivation of the perovskite film and consequently significant enhancements in both efficiency and stability of mixed‐cation PSC devices. Upon incorporating STS atop the perovskite layer, the power conversion efficiency of the Cs0.05MA0.12FA0.83PbI2.55Br0.45 (abbreviated as CsMAFA) mesoporous‐structure mixed‐cation PSC devices improves from 18.70% to 20.05% with reduced hysteresis. The sulfonate (–SO3−) anion of STS coordinates with the Pb2+ of CsMAFA perovskite, and the Na+ cation of STS electrostatically interacts with the anions (I−/Br−) of CsMAFA perovskite, resulting in the surface passivation of the CsMAFA perovskite film with reduced electron and hole trap state densities. In addition, STS modification induces an upshift of the valence band of perovskite, facilitating hole extraction from the perovskite layer to the hole transport layer with suppressed interfacial charge recombination. Moreover, such a trap state passivation of perovskite film leads to improvement of the ambient stability of PSC devices.
Reverse Monte Carlo iterative algorithm for quantification of X‐ray fluorescence analysis based on MCNP6 simulation code
Authors: Szalóki Imre , Gerényi Anita , Radócz Gábor
Published: April 2020

Reverse Monte Carlo iterative algorithm has been developed for quantification of energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence analysis in order to calculate the concentrations of the elementary composition in solid substances. The core of the simulation code was the MCNP6 that is a well‐established and widely applied software package in the nuclear research and practice for simulation of nuclear systems or the full process of gamma‐ or X‐ray spectrometry. The reverse Monte Carlo algorithm and the full analytical procedure was tested by quantitative XRF analysis of reference alloy samples. The atomic compositions of the reference samples were determined by reverse Monte Carlo technique and also fundamental parameter method and by spark emission atomic spectroscopy. The agreement between the results of these three analytical methods was found within the standard deviations of the major elements of the samples. The total duration of the reverse Monte Carlo numerical computation was minimized to a few minutes using the variance reduction procedures available in the MCNP6.
Geometry of principal stress trajectories for piece‐wise linear yield criteria under axial symmetry
Authors: Alexandrov Sergei , Jeng Yeau‐Ren
Published: April 2020

Rigid‐ and elastic‐ plastic solids obeying quite a general yield criterion represented by linear functions of the principal stresses are considered. A general axisymmetric state of stress satisfying the hypothesis of Haar and von Karman is analyzed in quasi‐static flow. The circumferential velocity vanishes. A superimposed restriction on the yield criterion is that the system of stress equations is hyperbolic. The primary objective of this study is to select optimal coordinates and unknowns for deriving the integrable differential relations in their most convenient form for numerical treatments. It is shown that there exists a simple relation between the scale factors of the principal lines coordinate system (the coordinate curves of this coordinate system coincide with the trajectories of the principal stresses). Another simple relation exists between the scale factors and the principal stresses. The mapping between the principal lines and cylindrical coordinates is determined by a system of hyperbolic differential equations.
Strategic Strengthening of the Armed Forces
Authors: Hirsch Ballin Ernst , Dijstelbloem Huub , de Goede Peter
Published: April 2020

Against the background of the profound changes in the Netherlands’ security environment and increased instability in the region around Europe and the challenges that need to be addressed by defence policy sketched in the previous chapter, the question is whether the armed forces are capable of adequately performing their tasks. This chapter investigates the state of the armed forces and defence policy and considers what the focus should be and what investments are needed. The discussion centres on the following questions:
Close-up view of an ongoing merger between the NGC 4839 group and the Coma cluster
Authors: Lyskova Natalia , Churazov Eugene , Zhang Congyao , Forman William , Jones Christine
Published: April 2020

We analyse archival XMM-Newton observations of the massive galaxy group NGC 4839 falling into the Coma cluster core, which reveal a complex morphology for the merger. By comparing high quality X-ray maps of the merging subcluster with SPH simulations, we propose an infall scenario which qualitatively reproduces the observed structure of the NGC 4839 tail.
A wide and collimated radio jet in 3C 84
Authors: Giovannini Gabriele
Published: April 2020

I report observations of 3C84 (NGC 1275), the central galaxy of the Perseus cluster, made with an interferometric array including the orbiting radio telescope of the RadioAstron mission. The data transversely resolve the edge-brightened jet in 3C84 only 0.03 mas from the core, which is ten times closer to the central engine than was possible in previous ground-based observations. To better understand physical properties of this peculiar source, I will discuss its present properties in comparison to the past and more recent evolution in the radio band of 3C 84.
Why only a small fraction of quasars are radio loud?
Authors: Cao Xinwu
Published: April 2020

It is still a mystery why only a small fraction of quasars contain relativistic jets. A strong magnetic field is a necessary ingredient for jet formation. Gas falls from the Bondi radius RB nearly freely to the circularization radius Rc, and a thin accretion disk is formed within Rc We suggest that the external weak magnetic field threading interstellar medium is substantially enhanced in this region, and the magnetic field at Rc can be sufficiently strong to drive outflows from the disk if the angular velocity of the gas is low at RB. In this case, the magnetic field is efficiently dragged in the disk, because most angular momentum of the disk is removed by the outflows that lead to a significantly high radial velocity. The strong magnetic field formed in this way may accelerate jets in the region near the black hole, either by the Blandford-Payne or/and Blandford-Znajek mechanisms. If the angular velocity of the circumnuclear gas is low, the field advection in the thin disk is inefficient, and it will appear as a radio-quiet (RQ) quasar.
Extragalactic relativistic jets
Authors: Orienti Monica
Published: April 2020

Relativistic jets are one of the most powerful manifestations of the release of energy produced around supermassive black holes at the centre of active galactic nuclei (AGN). Their emission is observed across the entire electromagnetic spectrum, from the radio band to gamma rays. Despite decades of efforts, many aspects of the physics of relativistic jets remain elusive. In particular, the location and the mechanisms responsible for the high-energy emission and the connection of the variability at different wavelengths are among the greatest challenges in the study of AGN. Recent high resolution radio observations of flaring objects locate the high energy emitting region downstream the jet at parsec scale distance from the central engine. Furthermore, monitoring campaigns of the most active blazars indicate that not all the high energy flares have the same characteristics in the various energy bands, even from the same source, making the interpretation of the mechanism responsible for the high-energy emission not trivial. Here I will discuss gamma-ray properties of blazars obtained by Fermi Large Area Telescope observations and the connection between radio and high-energy emission in relativistic jets, and I will focus on the importance of high angular resolution observations.
Characterizing the Outburst of the Supermassive Black Hole in M87
Authors: Forman William , Churazov Eugene , Heinz Sebastian , Jones Christine , Nulsen Paul , Kraft Ralph , Randall Scott , Vikhlinin Alexey
Published: April 2020

M87, in the Virgo cluster, allows us to study the interaction of a supermassive black hole (SMBH) with its hot gaseous atmosphere. Deep Chandra observations reveal a nearly circular shock front with a Mach number of 1.2 and a radius of 13 kpc which is driven by a central cavity inflated by an SMBH outburst began 12 million years ago. An outburst with an energy of a ~5×57 ergs and a duration of ~2 Myrs provides a good match to all the constraints. For an outburst repetition rate of about 12 Myrs (the outburst age), the outburst energy is sufficient to balance the radiative cooling of the gas. The outburst duration in M87 argues for a “gentle” (long duration) outburst that does not generate strong shocks and where much of the outburst energy is deposited in the cavities that then transfer energy to the surrounding gas as they buoyantly rise.
Molecular recognition and specificity of biomolecules to titanium dioxide from molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Sampath Janani , Kullman Andrew , Gebhart Rachel , Drobny Gary , Pfaendtner Jim
Published: April 2020

Titania (TiO2) is used extensively in biomedical applications; efforts to boost the biocompatibility of TiO2 include coating it with the titania binding hexamer, RKLPDA. To understand the binding mechanism of this peptide, we employ molecular dynamics simulations enhanced by metadynamics to study three amino acids present in the peptide—arginine (R), lysine (K), and aspartate (D), on four TiO2 variants that have different degrees of surface hydroxyl groups. We find that binding is a function of both sidechain charge and structure, with R binding to all four surfaces, whereas the affinity of K and D is dependent on the distribution of hydroxyl groups. Informed by this, we study the binding of the titania binding hexamer and dodecamer (RKLPDAPGMHTW) on two of the four surfaces, and we see strong correlations between the binding free energy and the primary binding residues, in agreement with prior experiments and simulations. We propose that the discrepancies observed in prior work stem from distribution of surface hydroxyl groups that may be difficult to precisely control on the TiO2 interface.
The need for a system view to regulate artificial intelligence/machine learning-based software as medical device
Authors: Gerke Sara , Babic Boris , Evgeniou Theodoros , Cohen I. Glenn
Published: April 2020

Artificial intelligence (AI) and Machine learning (ML) systems in medicine are poised to significantly improve health care, for example, by offering earlier diagnoses of diseases or recommending optimally individualized treatment plans. However, the emergence of AI/ML in medicine also creates challenges, which regulators must pay attention to. Which medical AI/ML-based products should be reviewed by regulators? What evidence should be required to permit marketing for AI/ML-based software as a medical device (SaMD)? How can we ensure the safety and effectiveness of AI/ML-based SaMD that may change over time as they are applied to new data? The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), for example, has recently proposed a discussion paper to address some of these issues. But it misses an important point: we argue that regulators like the FDA need to widen their scope from evaluating medical AI/ML-based products to assessing systems. This shift in perspective—from a product view to a system view—is central to maximizing the safety and efficacy of AI/ML in health care, but it also poses significant challenges for agencies like the FDA who are used to regulating products, not systems. We offer several suggestions for regulators to make this challenging but important transition.
Dead or alive: sediment DNA archives as tools for tracking aquatic evolution and adaptation
Authors: Ellegaard Marianne , Clokie Martha R. J. , Czypionka Till , Frisch Dagmar , Godhe Anna , Kremp Anke , Letarov Andrey , McGenity Terry J. , Ribeiro Sofia , John Anderson N.
Published: April 2020

DNA can be preserved in marine and freshwater sediments both in bulk sediment and in intact, viable resting stages. Here, we assess the potential for combined use of ancient, environmental, DNA and timeseries of resurrected long-term dormant organisms, to reconstruct trophic interactions and evolutionary adaptation to changing environments. These new methods, coupled with independent evidence of biotic and abiotic forcing factors, can provide a holistic view of past ecosystems beyond that offered by standard palaeoecology, help us assess implications of ecological and molecular change for contemporary ecosystem functioning and services, and improve our ability to predict adaptation to environmental stress.
A new honeycomb metal–carboxylate-tetrazolate framework with multiple functions for CO2 conversion and selective capture of C2H2, CO2 and benzene
Authors: Wang Gang-Ding , Li Yong-Zhi , Shi Wen-Juan , Hou Lei , Zhu Zhonghua , Wang Yao-Yu
Published: April 2020

A stable Cd-MOF was built by a carboxylate-tetrazolate ligand, which contains hexagonal channels and reveals multiple functions including separation of CO2/CH4, C2H2/CO2, C2H2/CH4 and benzene/cyclohexane, and catalytic conversion of CO2 with epoxides.
Correlation between crystal structures and polar (ferroelectric) properties of hybrids of haloantimonates(iii) and halobismuthates(iii)
Authors: Jakubas R. , Rok M. , Mencel K. , Bator G. , Piecha-Bisiorek A.
Published: April 2020

Halogenoantimonates(iii) and halogenobismuthates(iii) are a highly versatile class of organic–inorganic hybrid materials, applicable in optoelectronics and switchable dielectric devices.
Strategies to improve the photoelectrochemical performance of hematite nanorod-based photoanodes
Authors: Tofanello Aryane , Shen Shaohua , de Souza Flavio Leandro , Vayssieres Lionel
Published: April 2020

An overview on the recent progress in experimental strategies used to improve the photoelectrochemical response of hematite nanorod-based photoanodes for solar water splitting is provided. Emerging areas are identified that will require attention as the search continues for stable and efficient visible-light driven water oxidation systems that exploit the rational construction of different interface junctions. Increasing efforts have been focused on enhancing the performance of hematite-based photoanodes via morphology control, element doping, co-catalysts, surface modification, heterojunction construction, and via a combination between them. Particular attention has been given to heterojunctions, as these structures are more likely to utilize the benefits provided by combining elements with distinct properties, exhibiting functional behavior at the interfacial region, and increasing solar energy conversion by synergistic effects.
Bilateral Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in Elderly Patients With Parkinson Disease: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Mitchell Kyle T , Younce John R , Norris Scott A , Tabbal Samer D , Dowling Joshua L , Rich Keith M , Perlmutter Joel S , Ushe Mwiza
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) is an effective adjunctive therapy for Parkinson disease. Studies have shown improvement of motor function but often exclude patients older than 75 yr.

OBJECTIVE

To determine the safety and effectiveness of STN DBS in patients 75 yr and older.

METHODS

A total of 104 patients (52 patients >75 yr old, 52 patients <75 yr old) with STN DBS were paired and retrospectively analyzed. The primary outcome was change in Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) subscale III at 1 yr postoperatively, OFF medication. Secondary outcomes were changes in UPDRS I, II, and IV subscales and levodopa equivalents. Complications and all-cause mortality were assessed at 30 d and 1 yr.

RESULTS

Both cohorts had significant improvements in UPDRS III at 6 mo and 1 yr with no difference between cohorts. Change in UPDRS III was noninferior to the younger cohort. The cohorts had similar worsening in UPDRS I at 1 yr, no change in UPDRS II, similar improvement in UPDRS IV, and similar levodopa equivalent reduction. There were similar numbers of postoperative intracerebral hemorrhages (2/52 in each cohort, more severe in the older cohort) and surgical complications (4/52 in each cohort), and mortality in the older cohort was similar to an additional matched cohort not receiving DBS.

CONCLUSION

STN DBS provides substantial motor benefit and reduction in levodopa equivalents with a low rate of complications in older patients, which is also noninferior to the benefit in younger patients. STN DBS remains an effective therapy for those over 75 yr.