bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and problems of professional development of teachers in the Balkan countries
Authors: Vučinić Dragiša , Đurić Igor , Andrić Aleksandra
Published: July 2022

It is generally accepted that the quality of teaching significantly contributes to the quality of the entire educational process. One of the key factors in the quality of teaching is the teacher, whose characteristics, roles, teaching style, and also professional development are always the subject of research, not only in pedagogy but also in other social and humanistic sciences. This paper presents the characteristics and problems of the professional development of teachers in several Balkan countries. The comparative-critical analysis was performed on the programs of professional development of teachers in our country and the programs in Montenegro, Northern Macedonia, BiH, Croatia, Bulgaria, Greece, and Albania. The aim of the analysis was to determine the characteristics of the mentioned programs, their similarities and differences, as well as possible problems in their organization and implementation, which would help improve the professional development of teachers in our country. The comparative analysis determined that the professional development of teachers in the Balkan countries is prescribed by appropriate laws and regulations. Numerous opportunities for professional development of teachers were identified in various educational programs, which led to conclusion that the mentioned programs follow the reform processes in the field of education. Considering that the professional development of teachers is directed towards the future development of society, it is necessary to mention the need for continuous empirical research in this area, the results of which would be helpful in a more complete understanding of the problems in educational practice.
Parish records of Orthodox churches in Toplica from the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century as a historical source
Authors: Stanojević Saša , Marsenić Miloš
Published: July 2022

Parish records are an important historical source for demographers and historians. They contain various data of importance for researchers: records of births, marriages, and deaths, then dates, names, surnames, occupations, diseases, etc. The paper analyses the archival material through the preserved parish records of the temples of the Serbian Orthodox Church in the Toplica area. Individual birth, marriage, and death records, are part of the Collection of Registers of the Historical Archive of Toplica in Prokuplje. Based on various data they contain, this original documentary material is suitable for research not only in this area, but also for wider demographic conditions, since the newly liberated parts of Serbia had been deserted since 1878 and inhabited by people from various parts of the Serbian ethnic area.
Resposta fenológica da fase vegetativa do milho crioulo irrigado com efluente tratado de abatedouro de bovinos
Authors: Alves Sabrina Silva , Christ Airton José , Brito Acelmo de Jesus , Queiroz Tadeu Miranda de
Published: July 2022

A escassez mundial de água no cenário contemporâneo tem motivado a busca por novas maneiras de economizar este recurso natural e neste contexto o reuso de efluentes tratados para irrigação tem sido uma delas. Diante disso, objetiva-se com o presente trabalho avaliar o desempenho fenológico da cultura do milho criolo, irrigado com diferentes proporções de efluente de abatedouro de bovinos tratado. Para composição das diferentes proporções (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 e 100%) utilizou-se de água de poço artesiano misturada ao efluente tratado. O arranjo experimental foi feito em Delineamento Inteiramente Casualizado (DIC) com 6 tratamentos e 8 repetições totalizando 48 parcelas com uma linha de bordadura nos quatro lados da área experimental localizada no Campus II da Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), cidade de Barra do Bugres. As variáveis analisadas das águas (poço e efluente) para irrigação foram: sólidos totais, pH, condutividade elétrica, nitrato, fosfato, cloretos, bicarbonato, cálcio, magnésio, sódio, potássio, e calculou-se a Razão de Adsorção de Sódio e Dureza em Graus Hidrotimétricos Franceses. Num período de 60 dias avaliaram-se as seguintes características fenológicas da cultura do milho: altura de planta, número de folhas e diâmetro de caule. Os dados fenológicos colhidos do experimento foram tabulados, organizados e submetidos ao teste normalidade e posteriormente ao teste estatístico apropriado para cada caso. Através de modelos estatísticos foram comparados os dados de desenvolvimento das plantas de cada tratamento com água residuária. Os resultados das análises da água revelaram que para a água do poço artesiano apenas a variável pH ficou abaixo da faixa ideal para irrigação e a concentração de sódio não foi quantificada o que inviabilizou o cálculo da Razão de Adsorção de Sódio. Já para o efluente, apenas potássio, magnésio e sólidos totais apresentaram concentração acima dos limites desejados para irrigação. Observou-se diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos em relação aos dados fenológicos, que levam a concluir que a proporção de efluente na irrigação tem influência positiva no desempenho fenológico das plantas, sendo que a proporção que levou ao melhor resultado foi com 100% de efluente.
Chronic obstructive lung disease after ammonia inhalation burns: a report of two cases
Authors: Kim Insu , Lee Heock , Kang Bo Hyoung , Lee Dong Hyun , Nam Young Hee , Roh Mee Sook , Um Soo-Jung
Published: July 2022

Anhydrous ammonia is a commonly used chemical in industry. Ammonia gas inhalation causes thermal injuries and alkali burns in the airway and lung parenchyma. Previous case reports have stated that respiratory sequelae after acute ammonia inhalation burns were associated with structural lung disease, such as bronchiectasis or interstitial lung disease. We herein report two cases of long-term sequelae with persistent airflow limitation after ammonia inhalation burns.
Multiple extraintestinal manifestations in a patient with acute severe ulcerative colitis: a case report
Authors: Park Eun Young , Baek Dong Hoon , Hong Seung Min , Song Geun Am
Published: July 2022

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at risk for extraintestinal manifestations (EIM) over the course of their disease. As EIMs can involve nearly every organ, and strongly influence the quality of life, early recognition and adequate treatment are necessary to prevent severe morbidity and mortality in affected patients. Pyoderma gangrenosum is a highly severe and debilitating skin condition that occurs in 1% to 10% of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. Thromboembolic events are also serious EIMs and usually present as deep vein thromboses in the legs or as pulmonary embolisms. A 19-year-old woman presented with bloody diarrhea lasting for 3 months and deep ulceration on the right foot. She was diagnosed with UC. The patient's skin lesions did not improve with intravenous corticosteroids and oral mesalazine. After she was started on infliximab, we observed rapid resolution of the skin lesions. She continued to complain of mild dyspnea while in the hospital. Computed tomography performed using the thromboembolism protocol revealed pulmonary thromboembolism and deep venous thrombosis. The patient underwent anticoagulant therapy with low-molecular-weight heparin, and her dyspnea gradually improved. Anticoagulation was continued with warfarin. It is rare for IBD patients to have multiple EIMs; however, this case demonstrates that multiple EIMs are a possible presentation in UC and underscores the importance of a meticulous clinical examination and adequate evaluation in the management of IBD patients presenting with EIMs.
Secondary hyperparathyroidism due to multiple parathyroid carcinomas in a patient with chronic hemodialysis: a case report
Authors: Ryang Soree , Yi Wook , Kim Mijin , Song Sang Heon , Lee Byung Joo , Kim Bo Hyun
Published: July 2022

Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) in cases of secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism is relatively uncommon, and only a few case reports have described this entity. Although some papers have reported patients with one or two parathyroid malignancies, multiple PC–especially three or more–have been even more rarely reported. Herein, we report a case of secondary hyperparathyroidism due to multiple PCs in a chronic hemodialysis patient. A 54-year-old man with end-stage kidney disease was referred for hyperparathyroidism. He had been diagnosed with chronic kidney disease in 2001 and had begun hemodialysis in 2009. In laboratory tests, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) was markedly elevated to 1,144.1 pg/mL (normal range: 15.0–68.3 pg/mL) and serum calcium was mildly elevated to 10.56 mg/dL (normal range: 8.5–10.3 mg/dL). Ultrasonography showed hypoechoic nodules in the posterior part of both thyroid glands. All three nodules showed increased uptake on a 99mTc sestamibi scan. The patient underwent total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation to the right forearm. Histopathology findings showed three PCs with capsular invasion and one parathyroid hyperplasia. In the immediate postoperative period, the iPTH level dropped from 1,446.8 to 82.4 pg/dL and, after 1 month, to 4.0 pg/dL. This patient needed oral calcium carbonate and active vitamin D to maintain appropriate serum calcium levels. Although multiple PCs are rare, they can cause secondary hyperparathyroidism. Therefore, clinicians should suspect multiple PCs when patients’ serum iPTH levels are exceptionally high. Additionally, since PCs could occur in multiple glands, autotransplantation of the parathyroid gland after parathyroidectomy should be done carefully.
A Study on Solar Radio Burst Associated with Highest Solar Flare during Solar Cycle 24
Authors:   Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia, Nashwa, M.I.  , Hamidi, Z. S.  ,   Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: July 2022

In Chapter 3 of the Qur’an (surat Alī ‘Imrān), verse 190, God stated that the creation of the heavens and the Earth is a sign for people of understanding. Such creation includes solar activities such as solar radio bursts and solar flares. Solar flares are one of the most magnificent and powerful phenomena in our solar system. Magnetic pulses are defined as bursts of 1027 Joule released in a short period. In common with solar flares (SRBT-III), solar radio bursts of type III are observed. Solar flare data has been sourced from the space weather website, and SRBT-III data was obtained from e-CALLISTO. Due to the interruption caused by a solar flare, the analysis of solar radio bursts is crucial for future research into the role of space weather. This paper studies the most powerful solar flare from 2017 by analyzing its association with a solar radio burst. Solar radio burst type III was observed at Glasgow and Blein stations between (45-80) MHz and (1040-1400) MHz, respectively. From the frequency range, the solar radio burst can be classified under the group type burst.
Modos y estéticas de la espera en los videojuegos
Authors:   Universidad de Salamanca, Lozano Alejandro
Published: July 2022

Este artículo examina varias posibilidades de implementación de la espera en los videojuegos. Comienza identificando cómo el deseo de suprimir tiempos muertos es un principio técnico general en la creación de experiencias videolúdicas. Esta premisa de diseño viene motivada por la naturaleza de los videojuegos como productos de software, y genera lo que John Sharp y David Thomas denominan una «estética de la elección significativa» que enfatiza la capacidad de acción del jugador frente a la inactividad. En estas coordenadas, el acto de espera aparece como un defecto estético o una situación indeseable y va asociado a un uso correctivo, como sucede con las penalizaciones al jugador cuando comete un error mediante una cuenta atrás. Frente a esta estética punitiva de la espera, se revisará el papel que juega la necesidad de aguardar a que algo suceda en los videojuegos. Siguiendo la teoría de Víctor Navarro Remesal, se diferenciará entre: 1) modos de la espera que son periféricos o externos a los componentes centrales del gameplay y 2) aquellos que forman parte del sistema central. Dentro de las mecánicas nucleares del videojuego, se hará una distinción entre un uso puntual, por un lado, e intensivo, por otro, de los tiempos muertos. Los principales casos de estudio serán Dark Souls (From Software 2011), The Sims (Maxis 2000), The Legend of Zelda: Majora’s Mask (Nintendo EAD 2000) y The Longing (Studio Seufd 2020); también se mencionarán otros títulos como apoyo secundario. En estos casos, los periodos de espera alternan con episodios de alta actividad que demandan una mayor atención del jugador, articulando una necesidad de esperar que, lejos de ser superflua o accesoria para el gameplay, determina la experiencia en su conjunto.
Fundamentals of shaping a pedestrian street as an object in the form of a multifunctional complex
Authors: Kolodin Konstantin , Cherepanov Petr , Skurlatova Ekaterina Anatol'evna
Published: July 2022

This article examines the architectural and spatial organization of a pedestrian street, presented as an object in the form of a multifunctional complex. The subject of the study is the architectural and typological features of the components of a multifunctional pedestrian street. The novelty of the approach lies in the representation of the street as an integral object in the form of a multifunctional complex in the structure of the residential quarter of St. Petersburg. The article also contains a systematic analysis of architectural planning, urban planning and compositional solutions for objects of this type. The analysis is based on combining the principle of operation of a pedestrian street with the criteria of multifunctionality. The main section of this study is devoted to an overview of the structure of diversified objects included in the pedestrian street building. The scientific novelty of the work consists in considering a pedestrian street as an independent object in the form of a multifunctional complex incorporated into the structure of a residential quarter. For this purpose, the project "Multifunctional Street in the structure of the Lenexpo quarter" (St. Petersburg) was carried out by the Bachelor of Architecture Peter Dmitrievich Cherepanov under the guidance of Konstantin Ivanovich Kolodin, Associate Professor of the Department of Architectural Design of the St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (SPbGASU). On the basis of the completed project, a typology of objects combined into a multifunctional complex was formulated. The project was developed taking into account the multisectoral unification, as well as taking into account the principles of modular structuring of space and the construction of individual buildings and structures. The mechanism of the pedestrian street operation was calculated, which was reflected in architectural planning and spatial solutions when designing this complex. According to the content of the main sections of the study, conclusions were formulated that take into account the prospects for the development of such architectural objects in the future.
Unsupervised detection of fragment length signatures of circulating tumor DNA using non-negative matrix factorization
Authors: Renaud Gabriel , Nørgaard Maibritt , Lindberg Johan , Grönberg Henrik , De Laere Bram , Jensen Jørgen Bjerggaard , Borre Michael , Andersen Claus Lindbjerg , Sørensen Karina Dalsgaard , Maretty Lasse , Besenbacher Søren
Published: July 2022

Sequencing of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is currently being used to detect cancer by searching both for mutational and non-mutational alterations. Recent work has shown that the length distribution of cfDNA fragments from a cancer patient can inform tumor load and type. Here, we propose non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) of fragment length distributions as a novel and completely unsupervised method for studying fragment length patterns in cfDNA. Using shallow whole-genome sequencing (sWGS) of cfDNA from a cohort of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), we demonstrate how NMF accurately infers the true tumor fragment length distribution as an NMF component - and that the sample weights of this component correlate with ctDNA levels (r=0.75). We further demonstrate how using several NMF components enables accurate cancer detection on data from various early stage cancers (AUC = 0.96). Finally, we show that NMF, when applied across genomic regions, can be used to discover fragment length signatures associated with open chromatin.
Three-dimensional structure of kinetochore-fibers in human mitotic spindles
Authors: Kiewisz Robert , Fabig Gunar , Conway William , Baum Daniel , Needleman Daniel , Müller-Reichert Thomas
Published: July 2022

During cell division, kinetochore microtubules (KMTs) provide a physical linkage between the chromosomes and the rest of the spindle. KMTs in mammalian cells are organized into bundles, so-called kinetochore-fibers (k-fibers), but the ultrastructure of these fibers is currently not well characterized. Here, we show by large-scale electron tomography that each k-fiber in HeLa cells in metaphase is composed of approximately nine KMTs, only half of which reach the spindle pole. Our comprehensive reconstructions allowed us to analyze the three-dimensional (3D) morphology of k-fibers and their surrounding MTs in detail. We found that k-fibers exhibit remarkable variation in circumference and KMT density along their length, with the pole-proximal side showing a broadening. Extending our structural analysis then to other MTs in the spindle, we further observed that the association of KMTs with non-KMTs predominantly occurs in the spindle pole regions. Our 3D reconstructions have implications for KMT growth and k-fiber self-organization models as covered in a parallel publication applying complementary live-cell imaging in combination with biophysical modeling (Conway et al., 2022). Finally, we also introduce a new visualization tool allowing an interactive display of our 3D spindle data that will serve as a resource for further structural studies on mitosis in human cells.
Distinct elongation stalls during translation are linked with distinct pathways for mRNA degradation
Authors: Veltri Anthony J , D'Orazio Karole N , Lessen Laura N , Loll-Krippleber Raphael , Brown Grant W , Green Rachel
Published: July 2022

Key protein adapters couple translation to mRNA decay on specific classes of problematic mRNAs in eukaryotes. Slow decoding on non-optimal codons leads to codon-optimality-mediated decay (COMD) and prolonged arrest at stall sites leads to no-go decay (NGD). The identities of the decay factors underlying these processes and the mechanisms by which they respond to translational distress remain open areas of investigation. We use carefully designed reporter mRNAs to perform genetic screens and functional assays in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We characterize the roles of Hel2, Syh1, and Smy2 in coordinating translational repression and mRNA decay on NGD reporter mRNAs, finding that Syh1 and, to a lesser extent its paralog Smy2, act in a distinct pathway from Hel2. This Syh1/Smy2-mediated pathway acts as a redundant, compensatory pathway to elicit NGD when Hel2-dependent NGD is impaired. Importantly, we observe that these NGD factors are not involved in the degradation of mRNAs enriched in non-optimal codons. Further, we establish that a key factor previously implicated in COMD, Not5, contributes modestly to the degradation of an NGD-targeted mRNA. Finally, we use ribosome profiling to reveal distinct ribosomal states associated with each reporter mRNA that readily rationalize the contributions of NGD and COMD factors to degradation of these reporters. Taken together, these results provide new insight into the role of Syh1 and Smy2 in NGD and into the ribosomal states that correlate with the activation of distinct pathways targeting mRNAs for degradation in yeast.
Postoperative pain intensity and incidence following single visit root canal treatment with different obturation techniques: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Koçer Aliye , Dönmez Özkan Hicran , Turk Tugba
Published: July 2022

Background

There are few studies in the literature about the effect of obturation techniques on postoperative pain. Besides, GuttaFlow2 was used for the first time in this study regarding postoperative pain. This study aimed to compare the postoperative pain levels and incidence following single-visit root canal treatment with different canal filling techniques; cold lateral compaction (CLC), thermoplasticised solid-core carrier (GuttaCore) based filling and cold free-flow compaction (GuttaFlow2) technique.

Methods

The patients (n= 93) having single-rooted teeth with a single canal diagnosed with asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis or single-rooted vital teeth with a single canal requiring endodontic treatment because of prosthetic reasons were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomized into three groups (n= 31) according to the obturation technique. A single operator performed all the treatments in a single visit. Data on obturation levels, postoperative pain and analgesic intake frequency were recorded at postoperative 6, 12 and 24 h and daily afterward until the 7thday. Postoperative pain was measured by visual analogue scale (VAS). The date were statistically analyzed with chi-squared tests (for the analyses of the categorical data), the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test (for the comparisons of VAS score) and with the Friedman test (for the assessments of the changes in VAS scores over time).

Results

The GuttaCore group recorded the higher pain levels, except first 12 h, on the other hand, the GuttaFlow2 group recorded the lower pain levels at all time periods. Significant differences occurred among the groups during the first 4 days (p< 0.05), except at 12 h (p= 0.054). The patients in the CLC and GuttaFlow2 groups did not need to use the prescribed analgesic; however, one patient in the GuttaCore group used it once.

Conclusions

Postoperative pain levels following root canal therapy were affected by the obturation technique especially first 4 days following obturation.
Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among university students in South Korea during the COVID-19 pandemic: the application of interpersonal-psychological theory and early maladaptive schema
Authors: Ha Jeongmin , Park Dahye
Published: July 2022

Background

This study examined the application of interpersonal-psychological theory and early maladaptive schema of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in South Korean university students.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, data from 367 university students were surveyed using the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, Early Maladaptive Schema, Suicide Ideation Scale, and the Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale. Data were collected between June 21 and July 21, 2021.

Results

University students’ interpersonal needs and early maladaptive schema were significantly associated with suicidal ideation, and influencing suicide attempts. The acquired capability for suicide moderated the relationship between suicidal ideation and attempts.

Conclusions

In suicide prevention programs for university students, it is critical to consider their interpersonal needs and early maladaptive schema, and the acquired capability for suicide, to prevent suicidal ideation and attempts among them.
Validación de una Versión Breve del Test de Empatía Cognitiva y Afectiva en Población Universitaria Argentina
Authors:   Universidad Adventista del Plata (Argentina), Lemos Viviana , Vargas Rubilar Jael ,   Universidad Adventista del Plata (Argentina), López Mariana Beatriz ,   Universidad Adventista del Plata (Argentina)
Published: July 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo fue examinar diferentes evidencias de validez de una versión breve del Test de Empatía Cognitiva y Afectiva (TECA) para población universitaria argentina. Se realizaron 2 estudios. En el Estudio 1 mediante un muestreo no probabilístico, participaron 1135 jóvenes universitarios de entre 18 y 30 años, de tres universidades y tres provincias argentinas. Se evaluó la discriminación de los ítems, la estructura subyacente del TECA mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio, y la consistencia interna de la escala. En el Estudio 2, mediante un muestreo no probabilístico, participaron 425 jóvenes universitarios de entre 18 y 30 años, de tres universidades de la provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina. Se evaluaron diferentes evidencias de validez externa (comparación de grupos, validez convergente y de relación entre constructos teóricos). Los resultados indicaron índices de ajuste más satisfactorios para la versión reducida. La fiabilidad compuesta fue adecuada y los indicadores de validez resultaron en línea con lo teóricamente esperado. Es posible concluir que la versión breve del TECA presenta adecuadas propiedades psicométricas y posibilita una evaluación práctica y ágil de los componentes cognitivos y afectivos de la empatía en jóvenes universitarios argentinos, resultando especialmente útil en contextos de investigación
Actitud y Percepción de Autoeficacia sobre la Escritura en Estudiantes Chilenos de 3º Básico a 3º Medio
Authors:   Universidad de O'Higgins (Chile), Concha Soledad
Published: July 2022

Si bien la evidencia no es concluyente, a nivel internacional, la motivación por escribir tiende a disminuir a medida que avanzan los años escolares. No es clara la incidencia del sexo en esta tendencia. Con el objetivo de identificar y comparar la motivación por la escritura que tienen estudiantes chilenos de distintos niveles escolares y la incidencia de la variable sexo, se aplicó un cuestionario sobre 2 variables relevantes de la motivación —actitud y percepción de autoeficacia— a una muestra por conveniencia de 2160 estudiantes de 3º básico a 3º medio de 5 colegios de la Región Metropolitana de Chile. Se obtuvieron medias muestrales para cada escala, distinguiendo los resultados según nivel escolar y sexo, y se realizaron pruebas de diferencia de medias, análisis de varianza y prueba de Tukey. También se calculó la correlación Pearson entre los promedios de ambas escalas para cada nivel escolar. Los resultados confirmarían la tendencia internacional, pues los niveles de motivación son más bajos en los cursos mayores y, comparativamente, 3° y 4° básico muestran promedios mayores al resto de los cursos hasta 3° medio en la escala de Actitud y hasta 2° medio en la escala de Autoeficacia. En promedio, las mujeres mostraron mejor motivación por la escritura que sus pares hombres, con diferencias significativas en 3° y 8° básico y 1° y 2° medio en la escala de Actitud, y 8° básico y 1° medio en la escala de Autoeficacia. Se dio una correlación positiva entre ambas escalas en todos los niveles estudiados.
Propiedades Psicométricas de la Escala WISC-V en Escolares Rurales Chilenos
Authors:   Universidad de La Frontera (Chile), Rodríguez-Cancino Marcela , Vizcarra María Beatriz ,   Universidad de La Frontera (Chile), Concha-Salgado Andrés ,   Universidad de La Frontera (Chile)
Published: July 2022

En Chile, la Escala Wechsler de Inteligencia para niños (WISC-R y WISC-III) se ha utilizado masivamente en población escolar urbana y rural, sin contar con estudios sobre su ajuste psicométrico en este último grupo. El presente estudio exploró las propiedades psicométricas (evidencia de validez de la estructura interna y consistencia interna) de WISC-V en escolares rurales. Se utilizó una muestra no probabilística intencionada de 160 estudiantes de entre 6 y 16 años de edad pertenecientes a 4 establecimientos educativos de la región del Maule y 9 de La Araucanía. Se testearon 3 modelos factoriales compuestos por 7, 10 y 15 subpruebas. Los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio muestran adecuados índices de ajuste en estos tres modelos, coherentemente con la propuesta teórica planteada por el autor de la escala y especialmente mejor para los modelos de 7 y 10 subpruebas primarias. Respecto de la confiabilidad, se observan adecuados niveles de consistencia interna que oscilan entre aceptables y buenos, en todas las subpruebas en que este indicador pudo ser calculado. A partir de estos resultados y para fines interpretativos se recomienda la utilización del modelo compuesto por 10 subpruebas primarias y del Coeficiente Intelectual Total (CIT) como estimador de funcionamiento cognitivo general en población rural chilena.
Validación de la Versión Abreviada de la Escala de Homonegatividad Moderna en Jóvenes Chilenos
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Gómez Fabiola , Cumsille Patricio ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, González Roberto ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Published: July 2022

Mientras los derechos de hombres gais y mujeres lesbianas han recibido creciente reconocimiento en el mundo, la discriminación y el prejuicio han mutado a formas más encubiertas. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue validar la versión de 10 ítems de la Modern Homonegativity Scale (MHS) en sus 2 formas paralelas: homonegatividad moderna hacia hombres gais (MHS-G) y homonegatividad moderna hacia mujeres lesbianas (MHS-L). Los participantes de este estudio fueron 182 jóvenes chilenos, residentes en Santiago, con un rango de edad entre 18 y 25 años, seleccionados por medio de una muestra no probabilística por conveniencia. Un análisis factorial confirmatorio aportó evidencia a favor de la unidimensionalidad de ambas versiones. Ambas formas del instrumento obtuvieron buenos indicadores de consistencia interna, de acuerdo al índice Omega de McDonald (ωgay = 0,91, 95% IC [0,89, 0,93; ωles = 0,90, 95% IC [0,88, 0,92]). Los análisis multigrupo realizados sugieren que ambas formas serían invariantes para hombres y mujeres, así como invariantes entre ellas. Encontramos una asociación positiva entre los niveles de homonegatividad moderna y los niveles de sexismo y conservadurismo, y una relación negativa con afectos positivos e intención de contacto con hombres gais y mujeres lesbianas. Estos resultados apoyan el uso de las 2 formas chilenas del instrumento (MHS-G y MHS-L), lo que permite contar con un instrumento útil para medir nuevas formas de expresión del prejuicio hacia hombres gais y mujeres lesbianas en jóvenes chilenos.
Evaluation of Ceftriaxone-Sulbactam-EDTA Adjuvant Combination against Multidrug Resistant Bacteria in Tertiary Care Hospital, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Naseema Shaik , Chandrika Y Mano , Moulali Shaik , Penmetcha Uma
Published: July 2022

Introduction: In India, multiple antibiotic resistances are rapidly growing in the bacterial population with a rising threat to public health. To overcome the effect of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), Metallo beta-lactamases (MBL) and carbapenemaseproducing organisms, very few antibiotics are effective; the need of the hour is a new antibiotic or drug combination. Various studies suggested that antibiotic adjuvant therapies can be an alternate approach to curb the rate of drug resistance in microorganisms. A new antibiotic combination of ceftriaxone+ sulbactam+ EDTA (CSE) has recently been proposed to tackle MDR organisms. Aim: To evaluate the in-vitro efficacy of a new antibiotic adjuvant entity CSE, among the Vitek-2 (Biomerieux, France) confirmed Multidrug Resistant (MDR) strains isolated from specimens of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on a total of 100 consecutive MDR organisms isolated from specimens of ICU admitted patients in NRI general hospital and super specialty care centre in Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Bacterial growth on the medium was identified using an automated Vitek-2 system using gram negative and gram positive identification card and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) cards. The isolates were identified as ESBL, MBL, AmpCbeta-lactamase, and carbapenemases producing organisms and tested for sensitivity to CSE drug-using Epsilometer (E)-test strips with Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) gradient of 0.016-256 µg/mL, and interpreted as sensitive, and resistant based on breakpoints. A descriptive statistical analysis was done by calculating the frequencies of the variables. Results: The more prevalent MDR pathogens were Escherichia coli (36%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (15%), and Proteus species (10%). Among Escherichia coli MDR isolates, 16.7% were ESBL+MBL producing and 83.3% were carbapenemase-producing with good susceptibility to CSE 86.7% and 83.3% respectively. Among Pseudomonas aeruginosa 83.3% of ESBL+MBL and carbapenemase-producing organisms were susceptible to CSE. Overall, 88% of MDR strains were sensitive and 12% were resistant to novel CSE combinations among 100 MDR isolates. Conclusion: The novel antibiotic-adjuvant combination CSE is highly effective (88% susceptibility) against ESBL/MBL, AmpC, and carbapenemase-producing MDR bacteria. The enhanced susceptibility may be due to the synergistic effect of all three molecules in the combination.
Design of Off-Grid Hybrid Energy for Residential Buildings in Rural Areas: A Case Study of Arogbo Community in Ondo State
Authors: Akinola A. O. , Ephenus M. D. , Akinsade A. , Eiche J. F.
Published: July 2022

This paper developed an off-grid hybrid energy system for residential buildings in rural areas. The Arogbo community in Ese-Odo Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria, was used as case study. Energy Audit of the selected residential buildings was carried out through the administration of structured questionnaires and oral interaction with occupants. Information obtained was used to evaluate the total power estimate and actual consumption over a period of 6 hours per day. The total energy demand for the study area based on the number of appliances used per day was estimated as 4981.684 kW. The energies required for three different categories of accommodation: [three-bedroom (Luxury), three-bedroom (Convenience) and room with parlour living apartment] in the area were estimated as 10.015 kWh, 3.216 kWh, and 1.736 kWh respectively.  Their total photovoltaic (PV) energy system capacities were estimated as 13.53 kWh (16.91 kVA), 4.342 kWh (5 kVA), and 2.344 kWh (2.93 kVA) with power factor of 0.8 respectively.  The PV solar modules for the three-bedroom (luxury), three-bedroom (convenience) and room with parlour living apartment were estimated as (3.38, 1.08 and 0.59) kW with installation areas of (31, 10 and 5.5) m2; and inverter rating of (6, 1 and 1) kVA were selected respectively. The deep cycle batteries selected were (4, 2 and 2) at 12 V of (150, 150 and100) AH. Electricity generator capacities selected were (6, 1 and 1) kVA respectively.
The WHO Declaration of Monkeypox as a Global Public Health Emergency
Authors: Nuzzo Jennifer B. , Borio Luciana L. , Gostin Lawrence O.
Published: July 2022

This Viewpoint examines the ongoing monkeypox outbreak and the recent decision by the director-general of the World Health Organization to declare a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.
A Pregnant Pause—Time to Address Mentorship for Expectant Residents
Authors: Moore Alessandra L. , Smink Douglas S. , Rangel Erika L.
Published: July 2022

This Viewpoint discusses support during pregnancy and post partum for surgical residents.
Comparing single‐target and multitarget approaches for postoperative circulating tumour DNA detection in stage II–III colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Henriksen Tenna Vesterman , Reinert Thomas , Rasmussen Mads Heilskov , Demuth Christina , Løve Uffe Schou , Madsen Anders Husted , Gotschalck Kåre Andersson , Iversen Lene Hjerrild , Andersen Claus Lindbjerg
Published: July 2022

Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) detection for postoperative risk stratification in cancer patients has great clinical potential. However, low ctDNA abundances complicates detection. Multitarget (MT) detection strategies have been developed to increase sensitivity. Yet, empirical evidence supporting performance gains of MT vs. single‐target (ST) strategies in a postoperative setting is limited. We compared ctDNA detection in 379 paired plasma samples from 112 stage II–III colorectal cancer patients by ST digital PCR and MT sequencing of 16 patient‐specific variants. The strategies exhibited good concordance (90%, Cohen's Kappa 0.79), with highly correlated ctDNA quantifications (Pearson r = 0.985). A difference was observed in ctDNA detection preoperatively (ST 72/92, MT 88/92). However, no difference was observed immediately after surgery in recurrence (ST 11/22, MT 10/22) or nonrecurrence (both 2/34) patients. In serial samples, detection was similar within recurrence (ST 13/16, MT 14/16) and nonrecurrence (ST 3/49, MT 1/49) patients. Both approaches yielded similar lead times to standard‐of‐care radiology (ST 4.0 months, MT 4.1 months). Our findings do not support significant performance gains of the MT strategy over the ST strategy for postoperative ctDNA detection.
Carchemish
Authors: Mora Clelia
Published: July 2022

Carchemish was an ancient Syrian center mentioned as early as the third millenniumbce. It acquired political importance in the Late Bronze period, after the conquest by the Hittite Great King.
Helena
Authors: Drake H. A.
Published: July 2022

Wife of one emperor (Constantius I) and mother of another (Constantine I), Helena (ca. 250–329ce) became a saint by virtue of a legend linking her to the discovery of the True Cross in Jerusalem. Although of low birth, she rose to the position of Augusta and became celebrated, along with her son, as a founder of the new Christian empire.
Fully automated segmentation of clinical target volume in cervical cancer from magnetic resonance imaging with convolutional neural network
Authors: Zabihollahy Fatemeh , Viswanathan Akila N. , Schmidt Ehud J. , Lee Junghoon
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Contouring clinical target volume (CTV) from medical images is an essential step for radiotherapy (RT) planning. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used as a standard imaging modality for CTV segmentation in cervical cancer due to its superior soft‐tissue contrast. However, the delineation of CTV is challenging as CTV contains microscopic extensions that are not clearly visible even in MR images, resulting in significant contour variability among radiation oncologists depending on their knowledge and experience. In this study, we propose a fully automated deep learning–based method to segment CTV from MR images.

Methods

Our method begins with the bladder segmentation, from which the CTV position is estimated in the axial view. The superior–inferior CTV span is then detected using an Attention U‐Net. A CTV‐specific region of interest (ROI) is determined, and three‐dimensional (3‐D) blocks are extracted from the ROI volume. Finally, a CTV segmentation map is computed using a 3‐D U‐Net from the extracted 3‐D blocks.

Results

We developed and evaluated our method using 213 MRI scans obtained from 125 patients (183 for training, 30 for test). Our method achieved (mean ± SD) Dice similarity coefficient of 0.85 ± 0.03 and the 95th percentile Hausdorff distance of 3.70 ± 0.35 mm on test cases, outperforming other state‐of‐the‐art methods significantly (p‐value < 0.05). Our method also produces an uncertainty map along with the CTV segmentation by employing the Monte Carlo dropout technique to draw physician's attention to the regions with high uncertainty, where careful review and manual correction may be needed.

Conclusions

Experimental results show that the developed method is accurate, fast, and reproducible for contouring CTV from MRI, demonstrating its potential to assist radiation oncologists in alleviating the burden of tedious contouring for RT planning in cervical cancer.
Event‐triggered adaptive neural control for stochastic nontriangular structure nonlinear systems with multisensor and actuator failures: The practical fixed‐time stability
Authors: Ren Lili , Wu Jian , Liu Jing
Published: July 2022

This article is concerned with the issue of event‐triggered adaptive fixed‐time control with sensor and actuator faults for stochastic nontriangular structure nonlinear system (SNSNS). The main difficulty in this article is the design of a novel and stable controller for SNSNS to compensate for the effect of sensor and actuator faults with event‐triggered control (ETC) in a unified framework. The mean value theorem (MVT) and ETC method are introduced to solve the questions of nonaffine structure and communication burden. Meanwhile, with the aid of adaptive neural network and fixed‐time theory, a novel controller is proposed by backstepping technology, which can ensure all the closed‐loop signals are bounded in probability within a fixed time as well avoid Zeno behavior. At last, the simulation is carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Covalent Cross‐Links Enable the Formation of Ambient‐Dried Biomass Aerogels through the Activation of a Triazine Derivative for Energy Storage and Generation
Authors: Tang Songsong , Ma Mingze , Zhang Xujing , Zhao Xuan , Fan Juncheng , Zhu Penghui , Shi Kaiyuan , Zhou Jian
Published: July 2022

Aerogels hold promises as lightweight replacements in various applications but are plagued by their fabrication equipment, such as supercritical dryers or lyophilizers that need to work under extreme conditions. This study presents a covalent chemistry approach to strengthen cellulose nanofibers (CNF) with carboxymethylated chitosan (CMCs) to produce aerogels by ambient drying. The cross‐linking and gelation of the CNF and CMCs solutions are triggered by a triazine derivative, 4‐(4,6‐Dimethoxy[1.3.5]triazin‐2‐yl)‐4‐methylmorpholinium chloride hydrate, to form an amide bond. This approach leads to robust hydrogels that can resist capillary force during the ambient volatilization process and are turned into aerogels by freezing, solvent thawing and exchange, and ambient drying. The lightweight aerogels exhibit desirable qualities, including superior mechanical performance, a low density of 12.0 mg cm−3, and low shrinkage of 10.1%. The presented CMCs/CNF aerogels can also serve as a helpful carrier for conductive polymer, poly (3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene):tosylate, through in situ polymerization to demonstrate their applications. These conductive aerogels are used for high‐performance supercapacitors and moisture‐enabled electrical generators. This study provides inspiration and a reliable approach for the elaborately structural design of aerogels at ambient conditions and endows application prospects in energy storage and generation opportunities.
Enhanced Heat Transport Capability across Boron Nitride/Copper Interface through Inelastic Phonon Scattering
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Wang Ziyang , Yang Kunming , Chen Naiqi , Ni Jiamiao , Song Jian , Li Quan , Sun Fangyuan , Liu Yue , Fan Tongxiang
Published: July 2022

Interfacial thermal resistance plays a critical role in heat dissipation, when the mean free paths of heat energy carriers approach or exceed the characteristic lengths of devices. Deep understanding on electron and phonon scattering, as well as their coupling behaviors are of importance for interfacial heat transport enhancement. In this work, complicated influential mechanisms of interface defects on phonon scattering are studied, from the aspects of both time‐domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) measurements and atomistic simulations. Particularly, this study focuses on the comprehensive influence of inelastic phonon scattering on interfacial thermal conductance (hK) of hexagonal and amorphous boron nitride (BN)/copper (Cu) interfaces with nonreactive and nondiffusive features. The TDTR results imply that the hK of Al/a‐BN/Cu is ≈80% higher than that of Al/h‐BN/Cu counterpart, with the comparable film thicknesses, grain sizes, and interface roughness. Although lower local strain near h‐BN/Cu interface can boost electron–phonon coupling, inelastic phonon scattering at a‐BN/Cu interface may greatly promote the interfacial heat transport. The authors believe multiple phonons scattering accompanied by high‐frequency phonons transformation to low‐frequency phonons within a‐BN may provide more phonon–phonon coupling channels at the a‐BN/Cu interface. The present findings may provide more insights to understand nanoscale heat transport mechanisms at metal/nonmetal interfaces.
A Localized Materials‐Based Strategy to Non‐Virally Deliver Chondroitinase ABC mRNA Improves Hindlimb Function in a Rat Spinal Cord Injury Model
Authors: Khalil Andrew S. , Hellenbrand Daniel , Reichl Kaitlyn , Umhoefer Jennifer , Filipp Mallory , Choe Joshua , Hanna Amgad , Murphy William L.
Published: July 2022

Spinal cord injury often results in devastating consequences for those afflicted, with very few therapeutic options. A central element of spinal cord injuries is astrogliosis, which forms a glial scar that inhibits neuronal regeneration post‐injury. Chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) is an enzyme capable of degrading chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG), the predominant extracellular matrix component of the glial scar. However, poor protein stability remains a challenge in its therapeutic use. Messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery is an emerging gene therapy technology for in vivo production of difficult‐to‐produce therapeutic proteins. Here, mineral‐coated microparticles as an efficient, non‐viral mRNA delivery vehicles to produce exogenous ChABC in situ within a spinal cord lesion are used. ChABC production reduces the deposition of CSPGs in an in vitro model of astrogliosis, and direct injection of these microparticles within a glial scar forces local overexpression of ChABC and improves recovery of motor function seven weeks post‐injury.
Engineering a Hierarchical Biphasic Gel for Subcutaneous Vascularization
Authors: Gao Daqian , Ernst Alexander U. , Wang Xi , Wang Longhai , Liu Wanjun , Ma Minglin
Published: July 2022

Implanted cell‐containing grafts require a robust and functional vasculature to supply oxygen and nutrients, as well as clear metabolic waste products. However, it remains challenging to fabricate tunable, vascular‐promoting scaffolds without incorporating additional biologics. Here, a biphasic gel consisting of a highly porous aerogel and a degradable fibrin hydrogel for inducing vascularization is presented. The highly porous (>90%) and stable aerogel is assembled from short microfibers by being dispersed in an aqueous solution that can be 3D printed into various configurations. The biphasic gel demonstrates good compression‐resistance: 70.30% Young's modulus is recovered over 20 cycles of 65% compression under water. Furthermore, it is confirmed that tissue cells and blood vessels can penetrate a thick (≈3 mm) biphasic gel in the subcutaneous space of mice. Finally, the biphasic gel doubles the vascular ingrowth compared to a composite of a commercial surgical polyester felt and a fibrin hydrogel upon subcutaneous implantation in mice after 4 weeks. The design of this biphasic gel may advance the development of vascularized scaffolds.
Transition Metal Nitrides in Lithium‐ and Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Recent Progress and Perspectives
Authors: Wang Peiyao , Zhao Bangchuan , Bai Jin , Tong Peng , Zhu Xuebin , Sun Yuping
Published: July 2022

The ever‐growing market of energy storage devices in portable electronics, electric vehicles, and smart grids has attracted extensive investigation on lithium‐ and sodium‐ion batteries in the past few years. Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are currently the most commercially used energy storage devices in various occasions, while sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are expected to complement LIBs in large‐scale applications. To meet the rapid increase on the energy density of batteries, it is imperative to explore new electrode materials for rechargeable LIBs and SIBs. In the past few years, transition metal nitrides (TMNs) have been considered as promising anode materials for both LIBs and SIBs due to their much higher electronic conductivity and relatively lower conversion reaction potential. Moreover, TMNs are also the optimum compositing materials to enhance the performance of general anode material. In this paper, the design approach, synthesis routine, and the latest advances in the development of TMNs and TMN‐based hybrid materials served as anode for LIBs or SIBs are summarized. Also, challenges and perspectives in the future of TMNs‐related materials are also discussed.