bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fuller and Arendt: A Happy Marriage? Comment on Rundle
Authors: Mertens Thomas
Published: October 2014

Fuller and Arendt: A Happy Marriage? Comment on Rundle

In her paper, Rundle seeks to develop a normative legal theory that is distinctively public. Building on her book, Forms Liberate, she seeks to bring Fuller’s legal theory into conversation with Arendt’s political theory. In this comment, I present some hesitations with regard to the fruitfulness of this conversation. It concludes with the suggestion to explore how Radbruch’s ‘idea of law’ could be fruitful for the overall jurisprudential project Rundle seeks to develop in her work.
Evidence-Based Pathology: Systematic Literature Reviews as the Basis for Guidelines and Best Practices
Authors: Marchevsky Alberto M. , Wick Mark R.
Published: October 2014

Context

Evidence-based medicine has been proposed as a new paradigm for the identification and evaluation of medical information. Best available evidence or data are identified and used as the basis for the diagnosis and treatment of individual patients. Evidence-based pathology has adapted basic evidence-based medicine concepts to the specific needs of pathology and laboratory medicine.

Objectives

To briefly review the history and basic concepts of evidence-based medicine and evidence-based pathology, describe how to perform and interpret systematic reviews, and discuss how to integrate best evidence into guidelines.

Data Sources

PubMed (National Library of Medicine, Washington, DC) and Web of Science (Thompson Reuters, New York, New York) were used.

Conclusions

Evidence-based pathology provides methodology to evaluate the quality of information published in pathology journals and apply it to the diagnosis of tissue samples and other tests from individual patients. Information is gathered through the use of systematic reviews, using a method that is less biased and more comprehensive than ad hoc literature searches. Published data are classified into evidence levels to provide readers with a quick impression about the quality and probable clinical validity of available information. Best available evidence is combined with personal experience for the formulation of evidence-based, rather than opinion-based, guidelines that address specific practice needs.
Efficient and Cost-Effective Generation of Mature Neurons From Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Badja Cherif , Maleeva Galyna , El-Yazidi Claire , Barruet Emilie , Lasserre Manon , Tropel Philippe , Binetruy Bernard , Bregestovski Piotr , Magdinier Frédérique
Published: October 2014

For years, our ability to study pathological changes in neurological diseases has been hampered by the lack of relevant models until the recent groundbreaking work from Yamanaka's group showing that it is feasible to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from human somatic cells and to redirect the fate of these iPSCs into differentiated cells. In particular, much interest has focused on the ability to differentiate human iPSCs into neuronal progenitors and functional neurons for relevance to a large number of pathologies including mental retardation and behavioral or degenerative syndromes. Current differentiation protocols are time-consuming and generate limited amounts of cells, hindering use on a large scale. We describe a feeder-free method relying on the use of a chemically defined medium that overcomes the need for embryoid body formation and neuronal rosette isolation for neuronal precursors and terminally differentiated neuron production. Four days after induction, expression of markers of the neurectoderm lineage is detectable. Between 4 and 7 days, neuronal precursors can be expanded, frozen, and thawed without loss of proliferation and differentiation capacities or further differentiated. Terminal differentiation into the different subtypes of mature neurons found in the human brain were observed. At 6–35 days after induction, cells express typical voltage-gated and ionotrophic receptors for GABA, glycine, and acetylcholine. This specific and efficient single-step strategy in a chemically defined medium allows the production of mature neurons in 20–40 days with multiple applications, especially for modeling human pathologies.
Soixante ans de bons et mauvais usages du alpha de Cronbach
Authors: Laveault Dany
Published: October 2014

Le coefficient alpha de Cronbach est sans doute la mesure de fidélité la plus utilisée, mais aussi la plus abusée de toutes. Quoiqu’elle puisse rendre de précieux services aux concepteurs d’outils d’évaluation, un certain nombre de précautions sont nécessaires pour tenir compte de ses limites et en assurer le bon usage.
Concept de soi, estime de soi et décision vocationnelle chez les étudiants de première année d’enseignement supérieur en réorientation
Authors: Dozot Caroline , Piret Anne , Romainville Marc
Published: October 2014

Cet article présente les résultats d’un volet d’une recherche menée depuis 2007 au sein du dispositif de formation-réorientation « Rebond ». Plus particulièrement, il explore les liens entre estime de soi, concept de soi et décision vocationnelle auprès d’étudiants de première année de l’enseignement supérieur en abandon d’études, pris en charge dans ce dispositif de réorientation. Les résultats permet - tent de découvrir des pistes d’action pédagogique à mettre en oeuvre au sein du dispositif de formation-réorientation.
Analyse des différentes facettes influant sur la fidélité de l’épreuve d’expression écrite d’un test de français langue étrangère
Authors: Casanova Dominique , Demeuse Marc
Published: October 2014

Le contrôle de la qualité des évaluations des productions écrites en français langue étrangère pose de nombreuses questions, encore amplifiées lorsqu’il s’agit de tests à forts enjeux pour les candidats. Cet article illustre comment ce contrôle peut s’appuyer à la fois sur la théorie de la généralisabilité et sur le modèle multifacettes de Rasch pour relever les sources d’erreur (stabilité inter- et intracorrecteurs, variation des stimuli fournis aux candidats pour produire leurs textes…) et en estimer l’importance respective dans le cadre d’un monitorage de la qualité d’une épreuve de français langue étrangère.
Introduction: As if from nowhere… artists’ thoughts about research-creation
Authors: Horowitz Risa
Published: October 2014

Cette section inaugurale de Pratiques met en valeur, du point de vue de la pratique et de la recherche-création, la réflexion des artistes quant à leurs processus de travail et leurs oeuvres. S’il est clair que les artistes travaillant dans les universités font face à des défis particuliers, liés aux demandes croissantes de la part des institutions universitaires d’articuler leurs cadres méthodologiques et l’application de ceux-ci dans leur travail, ils jouissent également de la possibilité d’approcher, de partager et de présenter d’innombrables manières le fruit de leurs investigations créatives réalisées dans le contexte de la recherche-création. Les contributeurs à cette section – Marlene MacCallum, David Morrish, Christof Migone, Donna Szoke, Barbara Meneley et Risa Horowitz – s’expriment ici sur leurs recherches et sur les approches méthodologiques qu’ils privilégient. Ils révèlent et articulent l’éventail de leurs démarches, ainsi que les diverses façons dont ils conçoivent les méthodes, les pratiques et les modes de dissémination, de documentation et d’exposition dont disposent les artistes pour la recherche-création.
Les liens entre le système de production lean manufacturing et la santé au travail : une recension de la littérature
Authors: Bruère Sébastien
Published: October 2014

Dans cet article, nous faisons état d’une recension de textes portant sur les liens entre le lean manufacturing et la santé des travailleurs. Le lean est un système de production actuellement en vogue dans les pays occidentaux, inspiré directement du modèle Toyota qui, aujourd’hui, se développe tant dans l’industrie que dans les services. Il pose de nombreuses questions à la prévention des risques professionnels du fait, notamment, de l’amélioration continue dont il est l’objet et qui conduit à une inconstance des situations de travail. L’amélioration continue que ce système propose est une réponse à l’évolution des marchés, en matière de flexibilité, de concurrence, de qualité, etc. À la suite de la revue des écrits sur le sujet que nous avons menée, nous avons retenu 58 textes des littératures anglo-saxonne et francophone. Parmi ces textes, neuf montrent des progrès du lean par rapport au taylorisme au regard de dispositifs donnés. À l’opposé, vingt-neuf textes mentionnent des effets négatifs pour la santé. Les vingt autres textes se situent également entre les deux regards posés, avec des résultats qui sont non concluants, changeants ou mitigés. En nous plaçant du point de vue de l’activité de travail réellement déployée dans ces situations de travail, nous comprenons de ces résultats comment certains dispositifs organisationnels peuvent avoir des effets ambivalents ou paradoxaux, selon la manière dont ils sont conçus et dont ils fonctionnent.
The flow structure of jets from transient sources and implications for modeling short‐duration explosive volcanic eruptions
Authors: Chojnicki K. N. , Clarke A. B. , Adrian R. J. , Phillips J. C.
Published: October 2014

We used laboratory experiments to examine the rise process in neutrally buoyant jets that resulted from an unsteady supply of momentum, a condition that defines plumes from discrete Vulcanian and Strombolian‐style eruptions. We simultaneously measured the analog‐jet discharge rate (the supply rate of momentum) and the analog‐jet internal velocity distribution (a consequence of momentum transport and dilution). Then, we examined the changes in the analog‐jet velocity distribution over time to assess the impact of the supply‐rate variations on the momentum‐driven rise dynamics. We found that the analog‐jet velocity distribution changes significantly and quickly as the supply rate varied, such that the whole‐field distribution at any instant differed considerably from the time average. We also found that entrainment varied in space and over time with instantaneous entrainment coefficient values ranging from 0 to 0.93 in an individual unsteady jet. Consequently, we conclude that supply‐rate variations exert first‐order control over jet dynamics, and therefore cannot be neglected in models without compromising their capability to predict large‐scale eruption behavior. These findings emphasize the fundamental differences between unsteady and steady jet dynamics, and show clearly that: (i) variations in source momentum flux directly control the dynamics of the resulting flow; (ii) impulsive flows driven by sources of varying flux cannot reasonably be approximated by quasi‐steady flow models. New modeling approaches capable of describing the time‐dependent properties of transient volcanic eruption plumes are needed before their trajectory, dilution, and stability can be reliably computed for hazards management.
Anthropophile elements in river sediments: Overview from the Seine River, France
Authors: Chen Jiu‐Bin , Gaillardet Jérôme , Bouchez Julien , Louvat Pascale , Wang Yi‐Na
Published: October 2014

In contrast to larger river systems that drain relatively pristine basins, little is known about the sediment geochemistry of rivers impacted by intense human activities. In this paper, we present a systematic investigation of the anthropogenic overprints on element geochemistry in sediments of the human‐impacted Seine River, France. Most elements are fractionated by grain size, as shown by the comparison between suspended particulate matter (SPM) and riverbank deposits (RBD). The RBD are particularly coarse and enriched in carbonates and heavy minerals and thus in elements such as Ba, Ca, Cr, Hf, Mg, Na, REEs, Sr, Ti, Th, and Zr. Although the enrichment/depletion pattern of some elements (e.g., K, REEs, and Zr) can largely be explained by a binary mixture between two sources, other elements such as Ag, Bi, Cr, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, W, and Zn in SPM in Paris show that a third end‐member having anthropogenic characteristics is needed to account for their enrichment at low water stage. These “anthropophile” elements, with high enrichment factors (EFs) relative to the upper continental crust (UCC), display a progressive enrichment downstream and different geochemical behaviors with respect to the hydrodynamic conditions (e.g., grain size) compared to elements having mainly a natural origin. Our findings emphasize the need for systematic studies of these anthropophile elements in other human‐impacted rivers using geochemical normalization techniques, and stress the importance of studying the chemical variability associated with hydrodynamic conditions when characterizing riverine element geochemistry and assessing their flux to the ocean.
Ice‐front variations and speed changes of calving glaciers in the Southern Patagonia Icefield from 1984 to 2011
Authors: Sakakibara Daiki , Sugiyama Shin
Published: October 2014

Patagonian icefields are losing volume, and their loss is due partly to rapid changes in their outlet glaciers that terminate in lakes or the ocean. Despite this key influence from outlet glaciers, relatively few of these calving glaciers have had high‐frequency measurements on their frontal variations and ice speed changes. We describe here recent frontal variations and ice speed changes of all 28 major calving glaciers in the Southern Patagonia Icefield (SPI), including ice speed maps covering approximately half of the entire icefield. The analysis is based on satellite data from 1984 to 2011. Over this period, only the two termini of Glaciar Pío XI advanced. Of the remaining glacial fronts, 12 changed less than ±0.5 km, but 17 retreated at least 0.5 km. In the latter group, three glacial fronts (Glaciar Jorge Montt, HPS12, and Upsala) retreated over 6 km. Averaged over all 31 glacial fronts of the calving glaciers, the front positions retreated 1.56 km (median is 0.71 km). Along the flowline within 20 km of the front, the ice speeds up to 5900 ± 200 m a−1. Except for regions showing large acceleration or deceleration, the mean speed over the measured area decreased by 30 m a−1 from 1984 to 2011. The three most rapidly retreating glaciers showed much larger acceleration near the calving front, suggesting that ice dynamics drive their rapid retreat. Thus, we see retreat as a long‐term trend for the calving glaciers in the SPI, with behavior that implies a dynamically controlled rapid recession that may explain the recently reported volume change of the SPI.
The influence of spatially variable stream hydraulics on reach scale transient storage modeling
Authors: Schmadel Noah M. , Neilson Bethany T. , Heavilin Justin E. , Stevens David K. , Wörman Anders
Published: October 2014

Within the context of reach scale transient storage modeling, there is limited understanding of how best to establish reach segment lengths that represent the effects of spatially variable hydraulic and geomorphic channel properties. In this paper, we progress this understanding through the use of channel property distributions derived from high‐resolution imagery that are fundamental for hydraulic routing. We vary the resolution of reach segments used in the model representation and investigate the minimum number necessary to capture spatially variable influences on downstream predictions of solute residence time probability density functions while sufficiently representing the observed channel property distributions. We also test if the corresponding statistical moments of the predictions provide comparable results and, therefore, a method for establishing appropriate reach segment lengths. We find that the predictions and the moment estimates begin to represent the majority of the variability at reach segment lengths coinciding with distances where observed channel properties are spatially correlated. With this approach, reach scales where the channel properties no longer significantly change predictions can be established, which provides a foundation for more focused transient storage modeling efforts.
Pediatric anti‐NMDA receptor encephalitis is seasonal
Authors: Adang Laura A. , Lynch David R. , Panzer Jessica A.
Published: October 2014

In the majority of pediatric anti‐N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor encephalitis (NMDARe) cases, the underlying cause of antibody production and subsequent disease remains unknown. We aimed to characterize this poorly understood population, investigating epidemiological factors potentially related to disease etiology, particularly season of onset. In this retrospective case review study, we analyzed data from the 29 pediatric subjects with anti‐NMDAR antibodies and found that symptoms were first reported in the warm months of April–September in 78% of non‐tumor‐related NMDARe (NT‐NMDARe) cases. These findings support further investigation into a possible seasonal trigger of NT‐NMDARe.
Photomechanical Actuation of Ligand Geometry in Enantioselective Catalysis
Authors: Kean Zachary S. , Akbulatov Sergey , Tian Yancong , Widenhoefer Ross A. , Boulatov Roman , Craig Stephen L.
Published: October 2014

A catalyst that couples a photoswitch to the biaryl backbone of a chiral bis(phosphine) ligand, thus allowing photochemical manipulation of ligand geometry without perturbing the electronic structure is reported. The changes in catalyst activity and selectivity upon switching can be attributed to intramolecular mechanical forces, thus laying the foundation for a new class of catalysts whose selectivity can be varied smoothly and in situ over a useful range by controlling molecular stress experienced by the catalyst during turnover. Forces on the order of 100 pN are generated, thus leading to measurable changes in the enantioselectivities of asymmetric Heck arylations and Trost allylic alkylations. The differential coupling between applied force and competing stereochemical pathways is quantified and found to be more efficient for the Heck arylations.
“Photoclick” Postsynthetic Modification of DNA
Authors: Arndt Stefanie , Wagenknecht Hans‐Achim
Published: October 2014

A new DNA building block bearing a push–pull‐substituted diaryltetrazole linked to the 5‐position of 2′‐deoxyuridine through an aminopropynyl group was synthesized. The accordingly modified oligonucleotide allows postsynthetic labeling with a maleimide‐modified sulfo‐Cy3 dye, N‐methylmaleimide, and methylmethacrylate as dipolarophiles by irradiation at 365 nm (LED). The determined rate constant of (23±7) M−1 s−1 is remarkably high with respect to other copper‐free bioorthogonal reactions and comparable with the copper‐catalyzed cycloaddition between azides and acetylenes.
Racemic DNA Crystallography
Authors: Mandal Pradeep K. , Collie Gavin W. , Kauffmann Brice , Huc Ivan
Published: October 2014

Racemates increase the chances of crystallization by allowing molecular contacts to be formed in a greater number of ways. With the advent of protein synthesis, the production of protein racemates and racemic‐protein crystallography are now possible. Curiously, racemic DNA crystallography had not been investigated despite the commercial availability of L‐ and D‐deoxyribo‐oligonucleotides. Here, we report a study into racemic DNA crystallography showing the strong propensity of racemic DNA mixtures to form racemic crystals. We describe racemic crystal structures of various DNA sequences and folded conformations, including duplexes, quadruplexes, and a four‐way junction, showing that the advantages of racemic crystallography should extend to DNA.
Influences of dicumyl peroxide on morphology and mechanical properties of polypropylene/poly(styrene‐b‐butadiene‐b‐styrene) blends via vane‐extruder
Authors: Yang Li , Huang Jintao , Lu Xiang , Jia Shikui , Zhang Haichen , Jin Gang , Qu Jinping
Published: October 2014

Polypropylene (PP) and poly(styrene‐b‐butadiene‐b‐styrene) block copolymer (SBS) were melt‐blended in the presence of initiator system. Dicumyl peroxide (DCP)/Triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) via self‐deigned VE, aiming at in situ reactive compatibilization of toughed PP/SBS blend. The reactivity, morphology and mechanical properties of PP/SBS/DCP/TAIC blends were studied. Online torque detection was conducted to monitor changes in viscosities of reactive compatibilized blends, which could give proof of the interfacial grafted reaction induced by DCP/TAIC system. The effect of reactive compatibilization on the dispersed particles sizes and interfacial adhesion was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Analysis on mechanical performance revealed the impact strength improved after treated by initiator system, moreover, the impact‐fractured surface observation showed, the failure mode changed from debonding mechanism of neat 50PP/50SBS blend to plastic deformation mechanism of blend containing 3.0 phr initiator system. With improved interfacial adhesion, compatibilized blends not only were toughened but also exhibited enhanced tensile strength and thermal stability. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed a reduction of
between PP phase and the PB segments in SBS phase, indicating reactive compatibilization of the blend was achieved. In the final part, a brief discussion was given about the dominant effects from chain scission of PP matrix to intergrafting reactions of PP and SBS, under different content of DCP/TAIC initiator system. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41543.
Ablation properties of aluminum silicate ceramic fibers and calcium carbonate filled silicone rubber composites
Authors: Zhou Cheng , Yu Lin , Luo Wei , Chen Yang , Zou Huawei , Liang Mei
Published: October 2014

The ablative performance of aluminum silicate ceramic fiber (ASF) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) filled silicone rubber composites prepared through a two‐roll mill was examined. The properties of the composites were investigated by thermogravimetry, thermal conductivity measurements, and oxyacetylene torch testing. After the material was burnt, the structure and composition of the char were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of the ablation test showed that the ablation resistance improved greatly in an appropriate filler scope. Combined with SEM, it was proven that a firm, dense, and thermal insulation layer, which formed on the composites surface during the oxyacetylene torch test, was a critical factor in determining the ablation properties. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the thermal stability of the composites was enhanced by the incorporation of ASF and CaCO3. The thermal conductivity measurements showed that the silicone rubber composites had a very low thermal conductivity ranging from 0.206 to 0.442 W m−1 K−1; this significantly prevented heat from transferring into the inner matrix at the beginning of the burning process. The proportion of 20/40 phr (ASF/CaCO3) was optimum for improving the ablation resistance of the silicone rubber composites. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41619.
Allocating recycled significance levels in group sequential procedures for multiple endpoints
Authors: Xi Dong , Tamhane Ajit C.
Published: October 2014

Graphical approaches have been proposed in the literature for testing hypotheses on multiple endpoints by recycling significance levels from rejected hypotheses to unrejected ones. Recently, they have been extended to group sequential procedures (GSPs). Our focus in this paper is on the allocation of recycled significance levels from rejected hypotheses to the stages of the GSPs for unrejected hypotheses. We propose a delayed recycling method that allocates the recycled significance level from Stage r onward, where r is prespecified. We show that r cannot be chosen adaptively to coincide with the random stage at which the hypothesis from which the significance level is recycled is rejected. Such an adaptive GSP does not always control the FWER. One can choose r to minimize the expected sample size for a given power requirement. We illustrate how a simulation approach can be used for this purpose. Several examples, including a clinical trial example, are given to illustrate the proposed procedure.
A Disulfide Intercalator Toolbox for the Site‐Directed Modification of Polypeptides
Authors: Wang Tao , Wu Yuzhou , Kuan Seah Ling , Dumele Oliver , Lamla Markus , Ng David Y. W. , Arzt Matthias , Thomas Jessica , Mueller Jan O. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher , Weil Tanja
Published: October 2014

A disulfide intercalator toolbox was developed for site‐specific attachment of a broad variety of functional groups to proteins or peptides under mild, physiological conditions. The peptide hormone somatostatin (SST) served as model compound for intercalation into the available disulfide functionalization schemes starting from the intercalator or the reactive SST precursor before or after bioconjugation. A tetrazole–SST derivative was obtained that undergoes photoinduced cycloaddition in mammalian cells, which was monitored by live‐cell imaging.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Preparation of Primary Amides via Activation of Carboxylic Acids with Ethyl Chloroformate and Triethylamine under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Noguchi Takuya , Sekine Masahiro , Yokoo Yuki , Jung Seunghee , Imai Nobuyuki
Published: October 2014

The amidation of N‐protected α‐amino acids proceeds without racemization.
Reducing the sensitivity to nuisance parameters in pseudo‐likelihood functions
Authors: Ning Yang , Liang Kung‐Yee , Reid Nancy
Published: October 2014

In a parametric model, parameters are often partitioned into parameters of interest and nuisance parameters. However, as the data structure becomes more complex, inference based on the full likelihood may be computationally intractable or sensitive to potential model misspecification. Alternative likelihood‐based methods proposed in these settings include pseudo‐likelihood and composite likelihood. We propose a simple adjustment to these likelihood functions to reduce the impact of nuisance parameters. The advantages of the modification are illustrated through examples and reinforced through simulations. The adjustment is still novel even if attention is restricted to the profile likelihood.The Canadian Journal of Statistics42: 544–562; 2014 © 2014 Statistical Society of Canada
Prognostic biomarkers forHNSCCusing quantitative real‐timePCRand microarray analysis: β‐tubulin isotypes and the p53 interactome
Authors: Lobert Sharon , Graichen Mary E. , Hamilton Robert D. , Pitman Karen T. , Garrett Michael R. , Hicks Chindo , Koganti Tejaswi
Published: October 2014

In 2014, more than 40,000 people in the United States will be diagnosed with head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) and nearly 8400 people will die of the disease (www.cancer.org/acs/groups). Little is known regarding molecular targets that might lead to better therapies and improved outcomes for these patients. The incorporation of taxanes into the standard cisplatin/5‐fluouracil initial chemotherapy for HNSCC has been associated with improved response rate and survival. Taxanes target the β‐subunit of the tubulin heterodimers, the major protein in microtubules, and halt cell division at G2/M phase. Both laboratory and clinical research suggest a link between β‐tubulin expression and cancer patient survival, indicating that patterns of expression for β‐tubulin isotypes along with activity of tumor suppressors such as p53 or micro‐RNAs could be useful prognostic biomarkers and could suggest therapeutic targets. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rewilding the tropics, and other conservation translocations strategies in the tropicalAsia‐Pacific region
Authors: Louys Julien , Corlett Richard T. , Price Gilbert J. , Hawkins Stuart , Piper Philip J.
Published: October 2014

Alarm over the prospects for survival of species in a rapidly changing world has encouraged discussion of translocation conservation strategies that move beyond the focus of ‘at‐risk’ species. These approaches consider larger spatial and temporal scales than customary, with the aim of recreating functioning ecosystems through a combination of large‐scale ecological restoration and species introductions. The term ‘rewilding’ has come to apply to this large‐scale ecosystem restoration program. While reintroductions of species within their historical ranges have become standard conservation tools, introductions within known paleontological ranges—but outside historical ranges—are more controversial, as is the use of taxon substitutions for extinct species. Here, we consider possible conservation translocations for nine large‐bodied taxa in tropical Asia‐Pacific. We consider the entire spectrum of conservation translocation strategies as defined by theIUCNin addition to rewilding. The taxa considered are spread across diverse taxonomic and ecological spectra and all are listed as ‘endangered’ or ‘critically endangered’ by theIUCNin our region of study. They all have a written and fossil record that is sufficient to assess past changes in range, as well as ecological and environmental preferences, and the reasons for their decline, and they have all suffered massive range restrictions since the late Pleistocene. General principles, problems, and benefits of translocation strategies are reviewed as case studies. These allowed us to develop a conservation translocation matrix, with taxa scored for risk, benefit, and feasibility. Comparisons between taxa across this matrix indicated that orangutans, tapirs, Tasmanian devils, and perhaps tortoises are the most viable taxa for translocations. However, overall the case studies revealed a need for more data and research for all taxa, and their ecological and environmental needs. Rewilding the Asian‐Pacific tropics remains a controversial conservation strategy, and would be difficult in what is largely a highly fragmented area geographically.
Photochemical Reactions of [(η5‐C5R5)Re(CO)3] (R = Me or H) with Aryl Halides in Benzene: Stoichiometric Formation of Biphenyl
Authors: Zhu Bolin , Huang Xinwei , Hao Xiaoting
Published: October 2014

Photolysis of [Cp*Re(CO)3] (Cp* = η5‐C5Me5) with bromobenzene or chlorobenzene in benzene results in biphenyl and the corresponding rhenium hydride halide complex trans‐[Cp*Re(CO)2H(X)], which further converts into the dihalide complexes cis/trans‐[Cp*Re(CO)2X2] (X = Br, Cl). Additional experiments, including isotopic labeling experiments, indicate that one phenyl ring in biphenyl comes from the aryl halide and the other one comes from solvent benzene. Photolysis of [CpRe(CO)3] (Cp = η5‐C5H5) with aryl halide in benzene similarly generates biphenyl, the corresponding rhenium hydride halide complex. Furthermore, the reaction also affords small amounts of rhenium dihydride complex [CpRe(CO)2H2]. Plausible mechanisms for the formation of the different types of products are proposed that involve intermolecular C–X and C–H activation. Molecular structures of trans‐[Cp*Re(CO)2(Br)(Cl)] (trans‐6) and trans‐[CpRe(CO)2(Br)(Cl)] (trans‐12) determined by X‐ray diffraction are also presented.
Comparison of catabolic rates of 13C‐labeled palmitic acid bound to the alpha and beta positions of triacylglycerol using CO2 expired from mice
Authors: Beppu Fumiaki , Konno Kaoru , Kawamatsu Takashi , Nagai Toshiharu , Yoshinaga Kazuaki , Mizobe Hoyo , Kojima Koichi , Watanabe Hiroyuki , Gotoh Naohiro
Published: October 2014

We investigated the catabolic rate of 13C‐labeled palmitic acid (*P) bound to α (sn‐1) or β (sn‐2) position of triacylglycerol (TAG) using isotope‐ratio mass spectrometry. Specifically, we measured the 13C‐to‐12C ratio in CO2 expired from mice. After 30–75 min, *P bound to the α position was catabolized faster than that bound to the β position. Thereafter, the catabolic rate of *P bound to the β position increased and surpassed that bound to the α position. This indicated that binding position affected the catabolic rate of *P, possibly due to the different specificities of pancreatic lipase, lipoprotein lipase, and hepatic lipase. Next, we measured the catabolic rate of *P bound to TAG in combination with one of three unsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid, linoleic acid, or α‐linolenic acid). When *P was bound to the β position and Ln was bound to the α position, the catabolism of TAG was significantly higher than for other TAGs. This result suggests that fatty acid structure might affect the catabolism of counterpart fatty acids in TAG.

Practical applications: Binding position to TAG affects fatty acid catabolism. The fatty acid desired to change to energy such as saturated fatty acid should be bound to the β position of TAG. In contrast, fatty acid desired to accumulate in our body such as polyunsaturated fatty acid should be bound at the α position of TAG because catabolism does not continue for a long time even though the fatty acid is catabolized quickly at first period. Our results can be applied to the design of structured lipid used for enteral nutrients, enteric nutrient, sports nutrients, etc.

Comparisons of Δ13C from 13C‐labeled CO2 expired from mice that were administered emulsified triacylglycerol bound to 13C‐labeled palmitic acid (*P) at the α or β position of triacylglycerol. Fatty‐acid binding position affects the catabolic rate of fatty acids. (A): 1,3‐dioleoyl‐2‐[1‐13C]‐palmitoyl glycerol (β‐O*PO) vs. 1,2(2,3)‐dioleoyl‐3(1)‐[1‐13C]‐palmitoyl glycerol (β‐OO*P), (B): 1,3‐dilinoleoyl‐2‐[1‐13C]‐palmitoyl glycerol (β‐L*PL) vs. 1,2(2,3)‐dilinoleoyl‐3(1)‐[1‐13C]‐palmitoyl glycerol (β‐LL*P), (C): 1,3‐diα‐linolenoyl‐2‐[1‐13C]‐palmitoyl glycerol (β‐Ln*PLn) vs. 1,2(2,3)‐diα‐linolenoyl‐3(1)‐[1‐13C]‐palmitoyl glycerol (β‐LnLn*P).
Lower expression of Nrdp1 in human glioma contributes tumor progression by reducing apoptosis
Authors: Shi Hengliang , Du Jin , Wang Lei , Zheng Bao , Gong Hui , Wu Yuxuan , Tang Yuan , Gao Yong , Yu Rutong
Published: October 2014

Ubiquitin ligase Nrdp1 (neuregulin receptor degradation protein 1) plays important roles in multiple physiological process because it can ubiquitinate various substrates such as ErbB3, BRUCE, MyD88, C/EBPβ, and Parkin, and so forth. In addition to the physiological function, it was also found to be involved in tumor progression. It has been shown that loss of Nrdp1 enhances breast cancer cell growth. Up to now, the role of Nrdp1 in glioma has not been elucidated. Here, we reported that Nrdp1 as well as cleaved caspase 3 was lower expressed in human glioma tissues comparing with the nontumorous. And then we found that the expression of Nrdp1 and cleaved caspase 3 was increased in the treatment of Temozolomide (TMZ), a drug for glioma chemotherapy. Further investigation indicated that transient transfection of Nrdp1 significantly promoted cell apoptosis by aggravating the degradation of BRUCE and activation of caspase 3. In addition, overexpression of Nrdp1 augmented TMZ induced apoptosis by evaluating the degradation of BRUCE and the activation of caspase 3, while silencing of Nrdp1 reduced the sensitivity to the TMZ by inhibiting the degradation of BRUCE and the activation of caspase 3 in human glioma cells. These observations show that Nrdp1 is a pro‐apoptotic protein in human glioma and lower expression of Nrdp1 in human glioma may promote tumor progression by reducing apoptosis, suggesting that Nrdp1 may be an important regulator in the development of human glioma. © 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(10):704–710, 2014
The Na+/H+ exchanger and pH regulation in the heart
Authors: Odunewu‐Aderibigbe Ayodeji , Fliegel Larry
Published: October 2014

The mammalian Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) is an integral membrane protein ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells. It is made up of two domains: a 500‐amino acid membrane domain that is responsible for transport and removes protons, and a regulatory intracellular cytosolic domain made up of 315 amino acids. NHE1 is the major isoform found in the myocardium where it plays an important role in the regulation of intracellular pH by exchanging one intracellular proton for one extracellular sodium. Although NHE1 normally fulfills this important physiological role, aberrant regulation and overactivation of NHE1 contribute to heart disease, including acute ischemia reperfusion damage and cardiac hypertrophy. This review summarizes past and current knowledge of the role and regulation of NHE1 in the myocardium. © 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(10):679–685, 2014
Reading Don't Fix No Chevys (Yet!)
Authors: Wilhelm Jeffrey D. , Smith Michael W.
Published: October 2014

Research establishes that boys underperform in literacy relative to girls. If boys are to be successful on the assessments designed to measure achievement on the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) and if they are to become lifelong readers, they must be motivated to embrace instruction designed both to prepare them for success and to experience the pleasure and power of reading. Unfortunately, the authors of the standards have been advocating instruction that is radically at odds with what we have learned about what motivates young men. In this commentary we'll review the key findings of our Chevys study, supplementing the work we did there with one of our more recent projects, examine how what we found stacks up against the instructional ideas being proffered by David Coleman and other authors of the CCSS, and suggest alternative approaches to achieving the CCSS that are more in‐line with what we've learned.
Leading Ourselves (Tweets Optional)
Authors: Kist William , Tollafield Karen Andrus , Dagistan Murat
Published: October 2014

This paper describes an analysis of 21 adolescent literacy leaders' tweets over a total of four days. Coding of the tweets revealed that professional educators were tweeting about personal matters nearly as much as they are tweeting about educational matters. These tweeters also suggested resources, sent reports from events such as conferences, and made queries about classroom instruction. Documentation of the project includes a breakdown of tweeted topics by percentage. Implications for educators who want to develop Personal Learning Networks (PLN) are discussed.
Glucose Concentration and Streptomycin Alter In Vitro Muscle Function and Metabolism
Authors: Khodabukus Alastair , Baar Keith
Published: October 2014

Cell culture conditions can vary between laboratories and have been optimised for 2D cell culture. In this study, engineered muscle was cultured in 5.5 mM low glucose (LG) or 25 mM high glucose (HG) and in the absence or presence (+S) of streptomycin and the effect on C2C12 tissue‐engineered muscle function and metabolism was determined. Following 2 weeks differentiation, streptomycin (3‐fold) and LG (0.5‐fold) significantly decreased force generation. LG and/or streptomycin resulted in upward and leftward shifts in the force‐frequency curve and slowed time‐to‐peak tension and half‐relaxation time. Despite changes in contractile dynamics, no change in myosin isoform was detected. Instead, changes in troponin isoform, calcium sequestering proteins (CSQ and parvalbumin) and the calcium uptake protein SERCA predicted the changes in contractile dynamics. Culturing in LG and/or streptomycin resulted in increased fatigue resistance despite no change in the mitochondrial enzymes SDH, ATPsynthase and cytochrome C. However, LG resulted in increases in the β‐oxidation enzymes LCAD and VLCAD and the fatty acid transporter CPT‐1, indicative of a greater capacity for fat oxidation. In contrast, HG resulted in increased GLUT4 content and the glycolytic enzyme PFK, indicative of a more glycolytic phenotype. These data suggest that streptomycin has negative effects on force generation and that glucose can be used to shift engineered muscle phenotype via changes in calcium‐handling and metabolic proteins. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 1226–1234, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company
Relationships within inpatient physician housestaff teams and their association with hospitalized patient outcomes
Authors: McAllister Caitlin , Leykum Luci K. , Lanham Holly , Reisinger Heather Schacht , Kohn Jamie L. , Palmer Ray , Pezzia Carla , Agar Michael , Parchman Michael , Pugh Jacqueline , McDaniel Reuben R.
Published: October 2014

IMPORTANCE

Improving inpatient care delivery has historically focused on improving individual components of the system. Applying the complexity science framework to clinical systems highlights the important role of relationships among providers in influencing system function and clinical outcomes.

OBJECTIVE

To understand whether inpatient medical physician teams can be differentiated based on the relationships among team members, and whether these relationships are associated with patient outcomes, including length of stay (LOS), unnecessary length of stay (ULOS), and complication rates.

DESIGN

Eleven inpatient medicine teams were observed daily during attending rounds for 2‐ to 4‐week periods from September 2008 through June 2011. Detailed field notes were taken regarding patient care activities, team behaviors, and patient characteristics and outcomes. Behaviors were categorized using the Lanham relationship framework, giving each team a relationship score. We used factor analysis to assess the pattern of relationship characteristics and assessed the association between relationship characteristics and patient outcomes.

SETTING

Observations occurred at the Audie L. Murphy Veterans Affairs Hospital and University Hospital in San Antonio, Texas.

PARTICIPANTS

Physicians were chosen based on rotation schedules, experience, and time of year. Patients were included based on their admission to the inpatient medicine teams that were being observed.

MAIN MEASURES

Relationship scores were based on the presence or absence of 7 relationship characteristics. LOS, ULOS, and complication rates were assessed based on team discussions and chart review. The association between relationships and outcomes was assessed using the Kruskal‐Wallis rank sum test.

RESULTS

We observed 11 teams over 352.9 hours, observing 1941 discussions of 576 individual patients. Teams exhibited a range of 0 to 7 relationship characteristics. Relationship scores were significantly associated with complication rates, and presence of trust and mindfulness among teams was significantly associated with ULOS and complication rates.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings are an important step in understanding the impact of relationships on the outcomes of hospitalized medical patients. This understanding could expand the scope of interventions to improve hospital care to include not only process improvement but also relationships among providers. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2014;9:764–771. © 2014 Society of Hospital Medicine
Changes in olive oil volatile organic compounds induced by water status and light environment in canopies of Olea europaea L. trees
Authors: Benelli Giovanni , Caruso Giovanni , Giunti Giulia , Cuzzola Angela , Saba Alessandro , Raffaelli Andrea , Gucci Riccardo
Published: October 2014

BACKGROUND

Light and water are major factors in fruit development and quality. In this study, the effect of water and light in Olea europaea trees on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in olive oil was studied over 2 years. Mature fruits were harvested from three zones of the canopy with different light exposure (64%, 42% and 30% of incident light) of trees subjected to full, deficit or complementary irrigation. VOCs were determined by SPME GC‐MS and analysed by principal component analysis followed by discriminant analysis to partition treatment effects.

RESULTS

Fruit fresh weight and mesocarp oil content decreased in zones where intercepted light was less. Low light levels significantly slowed down fruit maturation, whereas conditions of water deficit accelerated the maturation process. The presence of cyclosativene and α‐muurulene was associated with water deficit, nonanal, valencene with full irrigation; α‐muurulene, (E)‐2‐hexanal were related to low light conditions, while trans‐β‐ocimene, α‐copaene, (Z)‐2‐penten‐1‐ol, hexanal and nonanal to well exposed zones. The year strongly affected the VOC profile of olive oil.

CONCLUSION

This is the first report on qualitative changes in VOCs induced by light environment and/or water status. This information is valuable to better understand the role of environmental factors on the sensory quality of virgin olive oil. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Zirconium‐Allyl Complexes as Resting States in Zirconocene‐Catalyzed α‐Olefin Polymerization
Authors: Panchenko Valentina N. , Babushkin Dmitrii E. , Brintzinger Hans H.
Published: October 2014

UV‐vis spectroscopic data indicate that zirconocene cations with Zr‐bound allylic chain ends are generally formed during olefin polymerization with zirconocene catalysts. The rates and extent of their formation and of their re‐conversion to the initial pre‐catalyst cations depend on the types of zirconocene complexes and activators used.

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Exploring the bandwidth limits of ZTE imaging: Spatial response, out‐of‐band signals, and noise propagation
Authors: Weiger Markus , Brunner David O. , Tabbert Martin , Pavan Matteo , Schmid Thomas , Pruessmann Klaas P.
Published: October 2014

Purpose

Zero echo time (ZTE) imaging with single‐pulse excitation is a fast, robust, and silent three‐dimensional (3D) method for MRI of short T2 tissues. In this technique, algebraic reconstruction serves to fill gaps in the center of k‐space due to finite acquisition dead time. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of this operation on depiction characteristics, noise behavior, and achievable bandwidth.

Methods

The spatial response function (SRF) and noise covariance resulting from ZTE reconstruction were studied using formal analysis, simulations, and phantom experiments.

Results

Three prominent limiting phenomena were identified: SRF behavior within the field of view, heightened sensitivity to out‐of‐band signal sources, and noise amplification. The related errors all appear as image distortions of low spatial frequency and are strongly attenuated upon the transition from one‐dimensional projections to 3D image data. Relying on these observations, ZTE imaging was accomplished with a previously unreached gap size, permitting the depiction of a solid sample with T2 ≈ 25 µs at a bandwidth of 500 kHz.

Conclusion

The tightest bandwidth limits in ZTE arise from background signal and radiofrequency (RF) switching transients. Significant advances in ZTE performance will be afforded by faster transmit‐receive (T/R) switching with negligible transients and RF coils free of background signal. Magn Reson Med 74:1236–1247, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.