bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An analysis of controlled human infection studies registered on ClinicalTrials.gov
Authors: Toomey Danny , Adams-Phipps Jupiter , Wilkinson James , Pietro John , Littman Jake , Kamenicek Steffen , Kaufman Daniel , Osowicki Joshua , Roestenberg Meta , Saldanha Ian J , Jamrozik Euzebiusz
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Controlled human infection studies (CHIS) involve intentional exposure of human volunteers to infectious agents. A previous systematic review found that adverse event (AE) reporting across CHIS is inconsistent, which makes data aggregation and reuse difficult. We hypothesised that data may be more easily aggregated using a clinical trial registry such as ClinicalTrals.gov, the largest publicly accessible registry of clinical trial data. The objectives of the current analysis were to (1) evaluate the use of ClinicalTrials.gov for CHIS data reporting and (2) compare CHIS clinical trial participant flow and AE reporting in ClinicalTrials.gov with the same data in corresponding published articles.

Design

ClinicalTrials.gov records that described a CHIS were included and data were accessed using the Aggregated Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov application programming interface. These data were compared with results extracted from publications associated with included records’ NCT identifiers and compared in groups stratified by sponsor type, cohort size and risk of bias. Results were considered discrepant if the same number was reported unambiguously differently in the clinical trial record and its associated publications. The frequencies of these discrepancies were used to quantify the differences between reporting in ClinicalTrials.gov records and publications of the same results.

Results

We screened 5131 ClinicalTrials.gov records for inclusion, reviewed 410 records in full and included 344 records. The overall prevalence of any discrepancy was 40%. Compared with their respective groups, significant discrepancies were observed in publicly funded trials, trials in the third quartile of study size and trials with a high risk of bias in selection of the reported result. Five studies reported a total of five serious AEs in ClinicalTrials.gov records but not in any associated publications.

Conclusion

We identified an overall prevalence of discrepancy of 40% in CHIS, which is comparable with the prevalence observed in other types of clinical trials. In general, medium-sized, publicly funded trials tended to have more discrepancies in reporting, which may reflect the resources typically available to large, privately funded trials or the relative ease of reporting in smaller trials with fewer overall AEs. These results highlight the need to facilitate clear and consistent reporting in CHIS.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42022330047.
Higgs mass predictions in the CP-violating high-scale NMSSM
Authors: Borschensky Christoph , Dao Thi Nhung , Gabelmann Martin , Mühlleitner Margarete , Rzehak Heidi
Published: February 2025

In a supersymmetric theory, large mass hierarchies can lead to large uncertainties in fixed-order calculations of the Standard Model (SM)-like Higgs mass. A reliable prediction is then obtained by performing the calculation in an effective field theory (EFT) framework, involving a matching to the full supersymmetric theory at the high scale to include contributions from the heavy particles, and a subsequent renormalisation-group running down to the low scale. We report on the prediction of the SM-like Higgs mass within the CP-violating next-to-minimal supersymmetric extension of the SM (NMSSM) in a scenario where all non-SM particles feature TeV-scale masses. The matching conditions are calculated at full one-loop order using two approaches. These are the matching of the quartic Higgs couplings as well as of the SM-like Higgs pole masses of the low- and high-scale theory. A comparison between the two methods allows us to estimate the size of terms suppressed by the heavy mass scale that are neglected in a pure EFT calculation as given by the quartic-coupling matching. Furthermore, we study the different sources of uncertainty which enter our calculation as well as the effect of CP-violating phases on the Higgs mass prediction. The matching calculation is implemented in a new version of the public program package

$$\texttt {NMSSMCALC}$$

NMSSMCALC

.
Four loop Green’s functions involving the $$n=2$$ moment of the Wilson operator
Authors: Gracey J. A.
Published: February 2025

We evaluate the Green’s function for the insertion of the second moment of the twist-2 flavour nonsinglet Wilson operator in a quark 2-point function in all three different single scale external momentum configurations at four loops in the

$$\overline{\text{ MS }}$$

MS

¯

scheme and the chiral limit. One configuration is where the operator is inserted at zero momentum while the other two are where a non-zero momentum flows out through the operator itself with one external quark momentum nullified. In the latter two configurations mixing of the operator with a total derivative twist-2 operator is included for renormalization group consistency. In addition we compute the correlation functions of both gauge invariant operators to four loops in the same scheme.
Monte Carlo simulations of cold neutron spectra for various para- and ortho-hydrogen ratios using different codes and nuclear data libraries
Authors: Schmidt Norberto Sebastián , Schwab Alexander , Li Jingjing , Rücker Ulrich , Zakalek Paul , Mauerhofer Eric , Dawidowski Javier , Gutberlet Thomas
Published: February 2025

This work compares simulated and measured neutron time-of-flight spectra for a cold neutron moderator with varying para-hydrogen concentrations (25%, 50%, 90% and 99.9%) embedded in a polyethylene thermal moderator. The primary neutrons are generated from the interaction of 45MeV protons with a tantalum target. The simulations were performed using several Monte Carlo codes (MCNP, PHITS, McStas, VITESS, and KDSource) together with nuclear data from the ENDF/B-VII.1 and JENDL

$$-$$

-

5.0 libraries. The simulated primary neutron yields had deviations from experimental measurements ranging from 0.3 to 16% depending on the code and the nuclear data used. The neutron moderation in the para-hydrogen moderator coupled with a neutron guide was then modeled. The neutron time distribution was measured by a

$$^3$$

3

He detector at the end of the guide. Comparison with experimental data showed good agreement, with relative differences of less than 15%. For the 99.9% para-hydrogen concentration, simulations with JENDL

$$-$$

-

5.0 were in better agreement with the experimental data, while ENDF-B/VII.1 showed better agreement for the 25% para-hydrogen case. The analysis of the results obtained provides insights into the strengths and limitations of each Monte Carlo code and nuclear data library combination. The observed discrepancies were analyzed, and possible sources of error were also identified. The analytical procedure followed in this work will help to improve the accuracy and reliability of neutron cold moderator design.
Key reconciliation protocol for quantum key distribution
Authors: Sharma Neha , Saxena Vikas , Chamola Vinay , Hassija Vikas
Published: February 2025

In quantum cryptography, secret communications are delivered through a quantum channel. One of the most important breakthroughs in quantum cryptography has been the quantum key distribution (QKD). This process enables two distant parties to share secure communications based on physical laws. However, eavesdroppers can still interrupt the communication. To overcome this, we propose a different way to detect the presence of Eve through the polynomial interpolation technique. This technique also allows us for key verification. This approach prevents the receiver as well as the intruder from discovering the sender’s fundamental basis. To fully utilize IBM quantum computers’ quantum computing capabilities, this paper attempts to show % error against alpha (strength of eavesdropping) and the impact of noise on the success probability of the desired key bits. Furthermore, the success probability under depolarizing noise is explained for different qubit counts. In the enhanced QKD protocol, using polynomial interpolation for reconciliation shows a 50% probability of successful key generation. This is even when the noise is increased to the maximum capacity.
9. Managing Groundwater in Practice
Authors: Blower Tim , Preene Martin
Published: February 2025

Groundwater is more than just a theoretical problem for construction projects and a wide range of engineering schemes can encounter obstacles related to groundwater conditions. However, appropriate actions are required at all stages of construction projects, including planning, investigation, design, construction, maintenance and decommissioning. So whilst the range of available techniques and their application are described in other chapters, Chapter 9 – Managing Groundwater in Practice - describes the key elements of the process of preparing for the management of groundwater in construction practice, including planning, design and regulatory matters.
Leveraging computer-based simulations and immersive software technologies for enhanced student learning in laboratory medicine
Authors: Costabile Maurizio , Caruso Connie , Della Vedova Chris , Bailey Sheree , Mahdi Layla
Published: February 2025

We cover the effective application of computer-based simulation and immersive software programs throughout a 4-year laboratory medicine degree. We demonstrate that these technologies significantly improved student learning and engagement. Such an approach is applicable to all disciplines.
Intrathoracic pressure deviations attenuate left ventricular filling and stroke volume without pronounced myocardial mechanical alterations in healthy adults
Authors: Wright Stephen P. , Dawkins Tony G. , Harper Megan I. , Stembridge Mike , Martin-Spencer Hannah , Shave Rob , Eves Neil D.
Published: February 2025

Incrementally more negative or positive intrathoracic pressures, relative to normal dynamic breathing, progressively attenuate left ventricular end-diastolic volume and stroke volume in healthy younger adults. Incrementally more negative or positive intrathoracic pressures were each associated with progressive septal flattening during inspiration, indicating direct ventricular interaction. However, left ventricular transmitral inflow velocities, and myocardial rotation, twist, and circumferential, longitudinal, and radial strain parameters changed little.
Exploring Excellence: A Literature Review on Service Quality in the Hospitality Industry
Authors: Coronel Paul Justine Panganiban
Published: February 2025

Service quality, defined as customers’ perceptions of service com-pared to their expectations, is critical in the hospitality industry (Vidyanata, 2022). Consistently meeting the diverse expectations of a broad customer base remains a significant challenge for ser-vice providers (Pomegbe et al., 2019). This review examines 25 empirical studies, summarizing their key findings and approaches to consolidate insights into service quality. It highlights fundamen-tal concepts, theories, and practical applications while identifying research gaps and inconsistencies. Key themes include the impact of service quality on customer satisfaction, loyalty, reputation, employee satisfaction, organizational success, and competitive advantage. Influencing factors identified include customer satis-faction, organizational processes, and technology. The study also offers strategies for improving service quality, providing actiona-ble insights for the hospitality industry.
Carbon Stock Assessment of Nueva Vizcaya State University (NVSU)-Agricultural Innovation Center (AIC), Singian Hills, Tuao South, Bagabag, Nueva Vizcaya
Authors: Polo Camille Jade M. , Cosep II Patricio A. , Lupaas Diana M. , Abrias Norbert , Gandia Kathrina Mae M. , Vallesteros Shierel F.
Published: February 2025

This study assessed the carbon stock at the Nueva Vizcaya State Uni-versity Agricultural Innovation Center in Singian Hills, Tuao South, Bagabag, Nueva Vizcaya. The study covered a 100% inventory of trees with a diameter at breast height of at least 10 centimeters and above. Brown’s formula was used to compute the carbon stock of the species. Trees with a diameter at breast height of less than 70 cm and greater than 70 cm were computed separately. A total of 383 trees with 39 tree species were found in the area. It was found that a total of 910,460.10 kilograms was being sequestered equivalent to 564, 485.26 kilogram of carbon stock. The most abundant and recorded as the largest in terms of diameter breast height in the area is the Rain tree (Samanea saman) followed by Gmelina (Gmelina arborea) and Mangga (Mangifera indica). The rain tree that has the largest diameter breast height has a record of 119 cm with an aboveground biomass of 16,107.45 kg and a carbon stock of 9,986.62 kg. The study concludes that increasing tree volume leads to greater carbon dioxide seques-tration, emphasizing the importance of tree planting and forest con-servation for climate change mitigation and addressing global warm-ing.
An Analysis of the Definition of Smart City and its Critical Role in Future-Proofing Projects and Estate Development for the Philippine Construction Industry
Authors: Siman Bennegreg P.
Published: February 2025

Since the concept of smart city came into existence about a decade ago, it certainly has taken a different meaning from basic infra-structure management to integrating advanced technologies in the form of 5G, IoT, and AI. This paper investigates how the definition of smart cities is evolving, its relevance to the Philippine construc-tion industry, estate development, and how it navigates through the challenges and opportunities of integrating it into the society. The research utilized a meta-analysis research design of peer-reviewed journals, government reports, and other articles pub-lished from year 2000 to 2024. The result of the study showed that building or integrating a smart city is beneficial for a country expe-riencing rapid economic development. Nonetheless, the Philip-pines, even if it is considered as one of the fastest-urbanizing countries with visionary and competent infrastructure developers among the countries in Southeast Asia, the nation still faces signif-icant challenges such as outdated land planning, government frag-mentation, and inefficient resource management. The strategic and sufficient education about what a smart city is would lead to a high probability that concerned industries and institutions will find ways to integrate smart city principles in their school com-munities, which will help contribute to training and producing citi-zens who advocate for a country with smart city systems and technologies. This study emphasized the necessity of designing high quality educational initiatives, policy developments, and facil-itating public-private collaborations where it would promote sus-tainable urban development and eventual national growth in the Philippine’s construction industry.
An Evaluation of Community Satisfaction on Engaging in Disciplinary Hours for Minors in Selected Barangays in Dasmarinas City, Cavite
Authors: Bangit Jose Luis I. , Dela Pena Mary Jane V. , Mojica Edralyn , Sotto John Robert G. , Tagalog Eden Mae D. , Villanueva Arthur , Villa Elizabeth , Mobo Froilan D. , Golla Nathaniel S. 
Published: February 2025

This study aims to evaluate community satisfaction with the im-plementation of disciplinary hours for minors in selected baran-gays of Dasmariñas City, Cavite. It focuses on addressing issues involving minors in conflict with the law. The participants include police personnel, barangay officials, and parents from Barangays Sta. Fe, San Nicolas I, and San Francisco 2. A quantitative-descriptive design was employed, using surveys to gather data on the participants' demographic profiles and factors contributing to minors' involvement in criminal activities. Findings revealed that while curfew measures are seen as effective and well-implemented, their associated costs are perceived as insignificant. To address habitual offending, the researchers recommend an awareness or intervention program involving the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD). This initiative would provide counseling and promote social responsibility among mi-nors, fostering active citizenship and unity to eliminate minor crimes in the area.
An Assessment on The Role of Cryptocurrency in Modern Kidnapping for Ransom Cases in Cities of Pasay and Paranaque
Authors: Desamito Jr., Marceliano A. , Bautista III Leonardol O. , Dela Cruz Loreta R. , Garcia Moises B. , Tomas Jr Cecilio G. , Villa Elizabeth Buena , Mobo Froilan D. , Golla Nathaniel S.
Published: February 2025

The study aimed to address the influence of cryptocurrency on contemporary kidnapping for ransom in the cities of Pasay and Paraňaque as assessed by anti-kidnapping group personnel towards the development of a strategic proposal to combat kid-napping in the digital landscape.This research employed a quantitative-descriptive methodol-ogy, utilizing stratified random sampling as the research design to carefully select respondents from the PNP office Anti-Kidnapping Group. A total of twenty (20) survey questionnaires will be distributed to gather data on the evaluation of PNP per-sonnel regarding the role of cryptocurrencies in contemporary kidnapping for ransom, particularly in relation to investigation, negotiation, and operations. The study's findings indicate that: The Philippine National Police Anti-Kidnapping Group (AKG) should improve educational programs and strategies to address kidnapping for ransom. Mandatory training on proposed initia-tives will be necessary for the PNP AKG. Additionally, the PNP AKG will oversee security in Pasay and Paranaque, and the BSP is actively monitoring developments in virtual currency, particular-ly regarding their potential use in money laundering and other illicit activities, and will take appropriate action as needed. The findings emphasized that strong regulation, including the Anti-Fraudulent Activities in Financial Accounts Act (AFASA) and the suggested amendments to the Bank Secrecy Act, are es-sential and long overdue. The BSP and other regulatory authori-ties in the Philippines must actively oversee cryptocurrencies. Furthermore, the PNP AKG and ACG necessitate revised tech-niques to proficiently obstruct blockchain technology from ena-bling cross-border bitcoin transactions.
Implementation of Authentic Assessment among Social Studies Teachers in The Private Catholic Schools during Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Gorromeo Ednalyn M.
Published: February 2025

This research investigated the struggles faced by educators in implementing Authentic Assessment at Private Catholic Educa-tional Institutes within the Diocese of Iba during the 2022-2023 school year, specifically in the 3rd Quarter period. A descriptive research method using a survey questionnaire was employed to gather data from 101 Social Studies teachers. The findings indi-cated that the majority of respondents were female, single, col-lege-educated, and had been teaching for over five years. The respondents expressed confidence in their knowledge of imple-menting Authentic Assessment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Visual and kinesthetic methods were frequently used, with re-sponses indicating these were employed "often," while verbal and written methods were used "sometimes." The teachers disa-greed on the challenges they faced in implementing Authentic Assessment. No significant differences were found in the level of awareness on Authentic Assessment based on demographic var-iables such as sex, civil status, highest educational attainment, or years of teaching. However, there were significant differences in the frequency of using various assessment methods, particularly between visual, verbal, kinesthetic, and written methods. The study also highlighted significant differences in the challenges experienced based on the highest educational attainment. The researcher proposed an intervention program to address these challenges, recommending strategies such as improved report preparation, collaboration with parents and local government units, the provision of hands-on activities for students, and teacher workshops for mastery of assessment techniques. Fu-ture research is encouraged to replicate the study for a deeper and broader understanding of the challenges and practices relat-ed to Authentic Assessment.
Como nomear a diversidade regional?
Authors: Perez Olívia Cristina , Brito Kellen Carvalho de Sousa
Published: February 2025

As mobilizações sociais contemporâneas, como os coletivos que se proliferaram após Junho de 2013, têm ressaltado a importância da inclusão da diversidade nos espaços decisórios. Uma forma de diversidade pouco explorada é a regional/territorial, frequentemente tratada de maneira confusa e, por vezes, pejorativa. O presente texto oferece uma crítica a algumas dessas nomeações e propõe que os territórios e regiões sejam referenciados pelos seus próprios nomes. A metodologia utilizada é qualitativa, fundamentada em revisão bibliográfica de autores que exploram conceitos comumente retomados para abordar a diversidade regional/territorial. O texto convida à reflexão sobre como entendemos as desigualdades territoriais/regionais e como podemos incluí-las de maneira mais adequada nas discussões sobre diversidade.
A Frente Feminista do Pará: uma análise do repertório de ativismo na cidade de Belém
Authors: Sarmento Rayza , Lima Adriany Vanessa Souza da Silva de
Published: February 2025

his paper analyzes the activism repertoire of the Frente Feminista do Pará, in Belém, in order to understand its activities in the capital of Pará, with the articulation of various feminist movements. The research was based on three methodological movements: monitoring the Frente's Instagram page, an ethnographic incursion into the March 8, 2023 protest, and two interviews with its founders. The research showed that the Frente was built from the 2010s onwards, with the presence of several movements in the region, acts through meetings and the organization of public demonstrations, and has a complex relationship with the State.
Coletivos Culturais em São Paulo: Resistência e subsistência diante da Pandemia do COVID-19
Authors: Tori Lucca , Homma Luana Hanaê Gabriel
Published: February 2025

Esse artigo analisa a resistência e a subsistência de coletivos culturais de São Paulo durante e depois da pandemia do COVID-19. As restrições necessárias, durante o espalhamento do vírus, afetou negativamente a sociedade em muitas formas e em diversos aspectos. No setor cultural isso não foi diferente: artistas e produtores tiveram que se reorganizar para se sustentarem e se manterem seguros. Algumas legislações de emergência para os trabalhadores de cultura foram sancionadas, com dificuldades, para conseguir atender algumas demandas do setor. De toda forma, os coletivos tiveram que criar novas estratégias de trabalho durante e depois do período de isolamento. O formato de organização dos coletivos tornaram-se mais visíveis em todo o mundo depois dos movimentos globais da década de 2010 e especificamente no Brasil depois de Junho de 2013, com foco em estruturas horizontais, autônomas e não ligadas em movimentos institucionalizados e partidos políticos. A partir de entrevistas semi estruturadas, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as práticas, dificuldades e alternativas encontradas por estes coletivos em face aos obstáculos do período e da administração pública da cidade/estado e país.
Exploring Origin-Dependent Susceptibility of Smooth Muscle Cells to Aortic Diseases Through Intersectional Genetics
Authors: Han Ximeng , Li Yi , Wang Enci , Zhu Huan , Huang Xiuzhen , Pu Wenjuan , Zhang Mingjun , Liu Kuo , Zhao Huan , Liu Zixin , Zhao Yufei , Shen Linghong , Li Yan , Yang Xiao , Wang Qing-Dong , Ma Xin , Shen Ruling , Lui Kathy , Wang Lixin , He Ben , Zhou Bin
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

The developmental diversity among smooth muscle cells (SMCs) plays a crucial role in segment-specific aortic diseases. However, traditional genetic approaches are inadequate for enabling in vivo analysis of disease susceptibility associated with cellular origin. There is an urgent need to build genetic technologies that target different developmental origins to investigate the mechanisms of aortopathies, thereby facilitating the development of effective therapeutics.

METHODS:

To address this challenge, we developed an advanced dual recombinase-mediated intersectional genetic system, specifically designed to precisely target SMCs from various developmental origins in mice. Specifically, we used
Isl1-Dre
,
Wnt1-Dre
,
Meox1-DreER
, and
Upk3b-Dre
to target SMC progenitors from the second heart field, cardiac neural crest, somites, and mesothelium, respectively. This system was combined with single-cell RNA sequencing to investigate the impact of TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) signaling in different segments of the aorta by selectively knocking out Tgfbr2 in the ascending aorta and Smad4 in the aortic arch, respectively.

RESULTS:

Through intersectional genetic approaches, we use the
Myh11-Cre(ER
) driver along with origin-specific Dre drivers to trace cells of diverse developmental origins within the SMC population. We found that a deficiency of Tgfbr2 in SMCs of the ascending aorta leads to aneurysm formation in this specific region. We also demonstrate the critical role of Smad4 in preserving aortic wall integrity and homeostasis in SMCs of the aortic arch.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our approach to genetically targeting SMC subtypes provides a novel platform for exploring origin-dependent or location-specific aortic vascular diseases. This genetic system enables comprehensive analysis of contributions from different cell lineages to SMC behavior and pathology, thereby paving the way for targeted research and therapeutic interventions in the future.
Understanding the Pain Experience and Treatment Considerations Along the Spectrum of Peripheral Artery Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Smolderen Kim G. , Ujueta Francisco , Buckley Behan Deborah , Vlaeyen Johan W.S. , Jackson Elizabeth A. , Peters Madelon , Whipple Mary , Phillips Karran , Chung Jayer , Mena-Hurtado Carlos ,   on behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; and Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research
Published: February 2025

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is an atherosclerotic condition that affects a growing number of individuals worldwide, with estimates exceeding 220 million. One of the central hallmarks of PAD is lower extremity pain, which may present as intermittent claudication and atypical leg pain, and, in more severe cases, ischemic rest pain, neuropathic pain, or phantom limb pain in those who underwent amputation. Although the majority of individuals with PAD may experience pain that is chronic in nature, the pathogenesis and phenomenology of pain may differ. Nociceptive, inflammatory, and neuropathic mechanisms all play a role in the generation of pain. Pain in PAD results in severe disability and can copresent with distress, sickness behaviors such as avoidance and further deconditioning, and concomitant depression, anxiety, and addiction secondary to opioid use. These factors potentially lead to chronic pain interacting with a multitude of domains of functioning, including physical, emotional, and behavioral. Whereas pain is a normal adaptive response, self-defeating behaviors and cognitions contribute to the persistence or worsening of the chronic pain experience, disability, and distress. Much remains unknown about the phenomenology of pain in PAD and its clinical subgroups and how it affects outcomes. Borrowing from other chronic pain syndromes, multimodal pain management strategies that emphasize a biopsychosocial model have generated a solid evidence base for the use of cognitive behavioral approaches to manage pain. Multimodal pain management in PAD is not the norm, but theoretical pathways and road maps for further research, assessment, and clinical implementation are presented in this scientific statement.
The International Law of Regional Organizations – Mapping the Issues
Authors: Besson Samantha , Kassoti Eva
Published: February 2025

Despite their increasing significance, Regional International Organizations (rio s) have, thus far, received scant attention in international legal literature. In order to fill this gap, the International Law Association (ila) Study Group (sg) on The International Law of Regional Organizations was launched in 2021 by the two editors of this special issue. This issue is an academic emanation of the comparative international law project conducted by the ila sg. It serves two main aims: first, present the main results of the ila sg’s comparative international law exercise in an accessible and analytical format in the first contribution of the issue; and, second, gather individual contributions to address further selected conceptual, normative, historical and institutional questions pertaining to the external and internal practice of international law by rio s. The present introduction provides the necessary conceptual and theoretical background to the discussion unfolding in the remainder of the issue. It addresses the topic and scope of this special issue, maps the state of the debate and relevance of the issue, and clarifies the structure and contents of the issue.
Between Functionalism and Hegemony: Regional International Organizations in the History of International Law
Authors: Sinclair Guy Fiti
Published: February 2025

This article examines the changing practice and theorisation of regional international organizations (rio s) since the early nineteenth century. It argues that the identity and place of rio s in international law have been continuously shaped and reshaped by the relational practices of particular entities, understood and enacted as more or less ‘regional’ and ‘organizational’, at different times and places. The article focuses on two axes of tension in particular: the positioning of rio s between functionalist and territorial logics; and the possibility of rio s being used for hegemonic or counter-hegemonic purposes. The article traces these two lines of tension through the practice of rio s and doctrinal and theoretical reflections on that practice, over four periods of uneven lengths: the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries; the interwar period; the four decades following the Second World War; and the period since the end of the Cold War.
States and Regional International Organizations
Authors: Koagne Zouapet Apollin
Published: February 2025

Beyond the thorny, even insoluble question of the definition of a region and the definition of the criteria that should make it possible to apprehend the polymorphism of rio s, the raison d’être of these organizations, their mode of operation and their activities are at the heart of the debate on “international governance”. For many authors, the advent of RIO s has often been seen as a challenge to the state monopoly in the international legal order and a redefinition of the relationship between these particular organizations and states. It is this relational dynamic between the States and the RIO s that this contribution aims to describe and analyse. The aim is to examine the originality and specificity of the relationship between the RIO s and the States, compared to the latter’s relationship with the ‘classic/universal’ ios, which would reveal something about the very nature of regional organizations.
The Relationship between rio s and the UN in Matters of Peace and Security: It’s Complicated
Authors: Schmalenbach Kirsten
Published: February 2025

Employing the example of ecowas’ reaction to the military coup in Niger, this article offers a fresh appraisal of the relationship between rio s and the UN within the universal collective security system which is – once again – largely paralysed by geopolitics. Departing from an analysis of the channels available to rio s to engage with the UN in a rapidly unfolding regional crisis, this paper argues that the UN primarily perceives rio s as mediators and peace facilitators. This is driven by rio s’ often advantageous position due to their knowledge of local dynamics and their particularly strong interest in securing peace in their own neighbourhoods. However, UN-rio cooperation in peacekeeping is not without tension and rio s’ use of military force without the targeted State’s consent or sc authorisation is seemingly at odds with the UN Charter. However, the unsc’s ambiguous practice regarding Chapter-viii authorisations may allow future developments involving rio s without opening the door to their full autonomy.
4. Variation in understandings of structural relationships in phenomenography
Authors: S. Åkerlind Gerlese
Published: February 2025

The notion of ‘structure’ and ‘structural relationships’ in phenomenography is perhaps the most distinctive and educationally useful part of the methodology. But it is also the most difficult and commonly misunderstood part. In order to clarify what we need to notice about the phenomenographic notion of structure and structural relationships to develop a sophisticated understanding of it, the phenomenographic study of phenomenography initially described in Chapter 3 continues in this chapter. In Chapter 4, I describe five qualitatively different ways of understanding structural relationships in phenomenography, and discuss associated implications for phenomenographic research practice and outcomes.
Continuous Monitoring of Sulfur Dioxide Removal Using K-Band Molecular Rotational Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Jasti Sai Eswar , Jamil Md Abrar , Chandrasekaran Chandru P. , Wei Suying , Twagirayezu Sylvestre
Published: February 2025

Sulfur dioxide (SO2), an air pollutant, poses significant threats to both public health and the environment. It is one of the six air pollutants regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under the Clean Air Act. In efforts to determine the application of molecular rotational resonance (MRR) spectroscopy for monitoring SO2 and its removal from point sources, a K-band MRR technique was evaluated. This method was applied to measure the products of heated mixtures of SO2 and oxygen (O2) in the presence of ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3) as a catalyst. The observed MRR spectrum revealed the presence of SO2, water vapor (H2O), and ammonia (NH3) due to the sensitivity of MRR to only polar species. SO2 removal was further confirmed by the disappearance of SO2 as NH3 formed. The work presented here analyzed the measurements of SO2 and validated K-band MRR for monitoring SO2 removal. It was observed that the K-band MRR maintains its linearity and other polar species in the mixture did not interfere with MRR signature of SO2. The limit of detection, better than 1%, was determined by evaluating targeted K-band MRR signal response of SO2 removal obtained at varying partial pressures of SO2 in the mixture and using the MRR signal of pure SO2 at 3 mTorr as a reference (100%). Additionally, the results showed that the accuracy and precision of K-band MRR for measuring SO2 partial pressure were satisfactory.
Innovations and Advancements in Criminological Approaches to Terrorism and Violent Extremism
Authors: Dmello Jared R.
Published: February 2025

Scholarship on terrorism and violent extremism (T/VE) has exponentially grown in recent decades across disciplinary lines and, in recent years, incorporates more complex and sophisticated methodological and theoretical framings. Given the interdisciplinary nature of research in this space, there remains an ongoing hesitation amongst traditional criminologists about the role of terrorism research within the discipline – with some arguing that as a category of crime and delinquency, terrorism is a criminological topic, while others view it as more appropriate for another disciplinary lens or through the creation of a specified field (i.e., ‘terrorism studies’). Yet, many criminologists from across the world are contributing new perspectives and innovations to the study of terrorism and violent extremism. To highlight this important work, the journal commissioned a special issue on T/VE, featuring a diverse grouping of authors approaching the topic from a criminological framework spanning the globe, roles, and methodological traditions.
Specificity, Co-Occurrence, and Growth: Math and Reading Skill Development in Children With Learning Disabilities
Authors: Connors Katherine Helene , Guertin Emily L. , Nichol Melissa , Bosson-Heenan Joan M. , Gruen Jeffrey R. , Frijters Jan C.
Published: February 2025

Learning disabilities are challenging to characterize because they evolve throughout development, frequently co-occur, and have varying domain specificity. Addressing these challenges, we analyzed longitudinal patterns of growth, co-occurrence, and specificity manifesting in the math and reading skills of children with and without learning disabilities. With a sample of 498 Grade 1 children followed for 5 years, we used linear mixed-effects models to explore group-level differences among children with math disability (MD), reading disability (RD), co-occurring disability, and no disability. Findings revealed: Math and reading trajectories of children with learning disabilities parallel those of children without disabilities. Skill growth slows over time, regardless of skill level, suggesting disability-related impairments will not resolve without intervention. Impairment levels and growth trajectories of children with co-occurring disabilities match the within-domain patterns of children with isolated disabilities, supporting a longitudinally maintained additive model of co-occurrence. MD and RD show varying specificity. MD impairments are domain-specific and become more pronounced over time. RD impairments impact both domains early, become more domain-specific over time, but maintain curriculum-contingent math deficits. Findings suggest early math intervention should balance linguistic and conceptual support, as the source of a child’s math difficulties may not be clear until well into elementary school.
Outcomes of robotic-assisted radical nephrectomy during service implementation: Lessons from an audit
Authors: Nikoghosyan Samvel , Alevizopoulos Aristeidis , Ahmad Sheikh Nissar , Aldemir Ezgi , Arjomandi Rad Arian , Vardanyan Robert
Published: February 2025

Background

Robot-assisted surgery (RAS) is an extension of minimally invasive surgery rapidly gaining acceptance in many conditions. The study aims to assess and share lessons impact of RAS on the radical nephrectomy (RN) service during the implementation phase.

Methods

Two separate analyses were carried out: to compare the outcome of all RN – before and after the implementation of RAS regardless of surgical mode, and a direct comparison between two minimal invasive approaches: Robotic-assisted radical nephrectomies (RARNs) and Laparoscopic radical nephrectomies (LRNs).

Results

The study included 55 pre- and 45 robotic era RNs: 45 RARNs, 48 LRNs and 7 open radical nephrectomies (ORNs). Following RAS implementation, all RNs transitioned to RARNs. The broader comparison of all RNs in the robotic versus pre-robotic periods revealed significant reductions in estimated blood loss and the length of hospital stay, though operative times were notably longer. In the direct comparison between LRNs and RARNs, no major differences in perioperative outcomes were noted, except for a significantly longer duration of surgery in the RARN group.

Conclusion

The introduction of the robotic platform resulted in a paradigm shift in RN service, eliminating ORN and LRN. Despite increasing operative duration, RARNs improved certain perioperative outcomes (specifically length of stay and blood loss) and were favoured over other modalities.
Low-cost paperless electrocardiograph for low-income countries, with derived V leads and a QRS detection algorithm
Authors: Finch Peter , Ndovie Maclean , Rashid Michael , McCarty David
Published: February 2025

A low-cost device capable of recording a full 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is described using a commercially available analogue front end (ADS1293) and a microprocessor (ESP32) transmitting a signal by Bluetooth to a smartphone. Comparison of the measured V leads and V leads derived by vector analysis using a transverse plane 0° reference vector (lead I) showed significant cross-correlation both for traces acquired from 120 Blantyre patients (0.43) and from the historical PhysioNet ECG database (0.85) and also when a + 30° transverse plane vector (−aVR) was used (0.50 Blantyre, 0.83 PhysioNet). Good correlation was also found between the mean transverse axis vector for the synchronous PhysioNet data ( r = 0.91) but not for the asynchronous Blantyre data ( r = 0.13) perhaps as a result of the QRS detection algorithm employed.
Refining the Measurement of Social Dynamics and Centering Social Capital Research in Corrections
Authors: Goodson Marva V.
Published: February 2025

Research on social dynamics and social networks has long informed how researchers and practitioners make sense of positive and negative influences on individuals’ behaviors. Research on supportive network members and the role dynamics shared with parents, peers, and romantic partners have been central to empirical and theoretical contributions. Notably, the operationalization of social relationships has not changed much over the years. Scholars have primarily relied upon measures embedded in risk assessment tools or interview data about supportive ties. However, these approaches are not designed to assess individuals’ social capital, clarify mobilization strategies for support, or inform whether compositional and structural network characteristics (and changes) affect correctional experiences. This essay highlights the contributions of extant research on social relationships during probation and parole supervision and identifies ways that advancements in personal (egocentric) social network methods could aid in crafting research, policies, and practices that center equity and inform community-based solutions.
CJB Origins, Subjects, and the Future
Authors: Brodsky Stanley L.
Published: February 2025

The context for the development of the journal Criminal Justice and Behavior is described in terms of its predecessor publications and the zeitgeist of the time. Decisions were made in terms of international aspirations. Examination of the first volume identified article topics that have continued to draw attention 50 years later. The journal has morphed from a general emphasis on psychology and justice to a broader criminal justice focus, a shift that is seen as positive and consistent with the field differentiating into general and specialty journals.
A 34-year odyssey with CJB
Authors: Bartol Curt
Published: February 2025

CJB was a vital part of Curt Bartol’s academic life over many years, as this personal essay attests. He served as manuscript reviewer and book review editor before taking on the journal editorship for a 16-year period. He was also a member of the journal’s editorial board until 2018. Both his undergraduate and graduate students were involved in the journal, with many earning their own doctorates.
Differentiating Between Core Practices and Best Practices: Exploring Divergent Purposes for Developing a Professional Language for Teaching
Authors: Kavanagh Sarah Schneider , Gotwalt Elizabeth Schiavone , Guillotte Amy , Bernhard Tess
Published: February 2025

Background:

In 2008, Grossman and McDonald called for the development of a common language of “core practices” for describing the practice of teaching. They argued that a shared language of practice would help teacher educators and teachers work together on practice and develop nuanced, complex, and shared conceptualizations of instruction.

Purpose:

This article interrogates the claim that core practices promote shared language development by investigating a practice-based professional development (PD) program on project-based learning (PBL). Within the PD program, we study how teachers’ conceptualizations of high-quality teaching shifted and how this related to their use of core practices language.

Research Design:

This qualitative content analysis examines if and how teachers’ conceptualizations of high-quality teaching and their use of core practices language shifted across pre- and post-PD interviews.

Conclusions:

After the PD program, teachers’ conceptualizations of high-quality teaching had changed. However, despite this shift, teachers rarely used the language of core practices when describing their teaching. These findings raise questions about the relationships between core practices of teaching, professional language, and teachers’ conceptualizations of teaching. The authors discuss these questions and offer a framework differentiating core practices from best practices. The framework compares divergent purposes for developing a shared language to describe the practice of teaching.
The Hidden Labor of Translation: Introduction to Special Issue
Authors: Pinel Clémence , Wyatt David , Faulkner-Gurstein Rachel
Published: February 2025

Translational medicine is concerned with hastening the application of basic scientific discoveries at the bench toward beneficial clinical outcomes at the bedside. Disrupting linear and simplified views of translational medicine, the contributions to this Special Issue of ST&HV on the Hidden Labor of Translation start from the assumption that translational medicine is best captured as a circular and iterative process, while the boundaries between research and clinical care are ambiguous, fluid, and flexible. The central argument is that translational medicine takes work. It is the product of many different categories of workers in a variety of settings and locations, from laboratory scientists to research nurses, janitors to animal technicians. This labor is highly uneven, often gendered, racialized, and differently valued. By unpacking the concrete processes, practices, and materialities that produce and reproduce translational medicine, the authors in this Special Issue explore what ties together the animal facility, scientific laboratory, biobank, university hospital or pharmaceutical company in translational medicine. These contributions underline that translational medicine depends on keeping certain forms of work invisible. As the authors examine how certain forms of work are filtered out, they elaborate and problematize the particular social organization of knowledge and ignorance upon which translational medicine rests.
Effect of metallised burden on softening–melting–dripping behaviors of burden
Authors: Yan Ruijun , Liu Peijun , Gu Suqian , Chai Yifan , Chu Mansheng
Published: February 2025

The utilisation of metallised burden in blast furnaces stands as a method for advancing low-carbon ironmaking. In this study, we investigate the effect of metallised burdens with different metallisation ratios on softening–melting–dripping behaviours, gas permeability, and gas utilisation ratio of the comprehensive burden. It provides theoretical guidance for utilising metallised burden effectively. The results show that the effect of metallised burdens on the melting properties of comprehensive burden depends on its composition. The metallised burden is acidic. As the metallisation ratio is ≤55%, the metallised burden cannot increase the initial melting temperature TS of the comprehensive burden. The lower metallisation ratio is not conducive to the formation of a suitable cohesive zone for comprehensive burden. Under experimental conditions, the suitable metallisation ratio of metallised burden is ≥73%. Within this range, the metallised burden possesses a certain degree of deformation resistance. That enable the formation a cohesive zone conducive to smelting, thereby improving the gas permeability of the comprehensive burden. With increasing metallisation ratio of metallised burden from 20% to 92%, the TS increases from 1275°C to 1316°C, the dripping temperature TD increases from 1435°C to 1455°C and the cohesive zone shows a gradually narrowing trend. The permeability index S value decreases from 1658.91 kPa °C to 862.24 kPa °C. The gas permeability is improved.