bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPLIKATUR YANG MENIMBULKAN HUMOR DALAM SERIAL ROKU NIN NO OKUSAN OLEH SHIMURA KEN
Authors: Muhaimin Muhaimin
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study was to describe the implicature of conversation that arise as the result of the violation of Griceâ€™s cooperative principle. The result showed that the implicature of conversation that exist in those speeches had been preeceded by violation of 4 maxims. There are implicature of conversation which are; apology, threat, denial, sneer, order, rebuke, emphasize, change of subject, intimidate, influence, and rejection. Based on the violation cooperative principle, the were conversational implicature which gave humor effects. Implicature of conversation which gave humor effects to the audience are : (1) Implicature which is a representation of an unexpected situation or something contrary. (2) Implicature which has potential, soften, mistreat, bother, cornered the speaker or spoken partner. (3) Implicature whis is a representation of unwanted condition, rejection, disagreement, compulsion, anger, and resistance. Implicature used as a medium of humor from the speaker to the audience signed by laughter of the audience, so that the purpose of humor program could be delivered which is to entertain people.
Understanding Stoic and Epicurean Ethical ‘Training’ in Light of the DPR Model
Authors: Owen Joel
Published: September 2020

In recent years, the notion of ‘philosophy as a way of life’ has again received much attention. Fittingly, whilst this revived interest has generated numerous scholarly publications, attention has also returned to the potential value of using ancient philosophical ideas to inform one's daily living. In light of this, I offer a reading of Stoic and Epicurean ethical ‘training’ through the lens of Bennett-Levy's Declarative-Procedural-Reflective model. I suggest that the model, which provides an empirically grounded, conceptual framework for understanding the processes involved in psychotherapist skill development, also provides an enlightening framework for comprehending the processes involved in ethical training.
Editorial
Authors: Forsell Johan , Lidström Tina , Tenglet Elisabeth , Åkesson Emilia
Published: September 2020

For this special issue on Navigating in a Measurable Epistemic Landscape we invited contributions from scholars with various disciplinary backgrounds to debate the measurable epistemic values, logics and practices of educational institutions such as school and university. Hence, we further the discussion of Confero’s first issue Managing by Measuring: Academic Knowledge Production under the Ranks (Nylander et al., 2013) by highlighting the measurable epistemic landscape of the broader educational system.
Realkompetansevurdering i norske kommuner
Authors: Døving Erik , Tobiassen Anita E.
Published: September 2020

Workers in Norway can get skills acquired through informal and incidental learning validated in a formal process. The educational authorities issue a certificate stating that the worker’s skill level is equivalent to a certain level of vocational education. This way, the worker can more easily obtain a vocational degree. We describe and discuss how Norwegian employers facilitate validation for unskilled employees within municipal nursing and care, and we discuss how municipal employees can get their skills formally recognised. Results are based on qualitative interviews and written surveys in seven municipalities. Validation is useful for workers mostly as a stepping-stone to complete a vocational education, while from the municipal employers’ perspective validation as such is of limited use. Only every fourth worker knows about the national system for validation of skills, and workers that can benefit most know the least about the system. The results presented here show that the employer and co-workers are the most important source of information, while trade unions are less active in providing such information. Our results further imply that information and initiatives should be targeted at immigrants in particular. In addition, counties responsible for vocational education vary in how they implement the validation system.
Determining Stingray Movement Patterns in a Wave-Swept Coastal Zone Using a Blimp for Continuous Aerial Video Surveillance
Authors: Ruiz-García David , Adams Kye , Brown Heidi , Davis Andrew R.
Published: September 2020

Stingrays play a key role in the regulation of nearshore ecosystems. However, their movement ecology in high-energy surf areas remains largely unknown due to the notorious difficulties in conducting research in these environments. Using a blimp as an aerial platform for video surveillance, we overcame some of the limitations of other tracking methods, such as the use of tags and drones. This novel technology offered near-continuous coverage to characterise the fine-scale movements of stingrays in a surf area in Kiama, Australia, without any invasive procedures. A total of 98 stingray tracks were recorded, providing 6 h 27 min of movement paths. The tracking data suggest that stingrays may use a depth gradient located in the sandflat area of the bay for orientating their movements and transiting between locations within their home range. Our research also indicates that stingray behaviour was influenced by diel periods and tidal states. We observed a higher stingray occurrence during the afternoon, potentially related to foraging and anti-predatory strategies. We also saw a reduced route fidelity during low tide, when the bathymetric reference was less accessible due to stranding risk. Considering the increasing threat of anthropogenic development to nearshore coastal environments, the identification of these patterns can better inform the management and mitigation of threats.
Blue Light Does Not Affect Fruit Quality or Disease Development on Ripe Blueberry Fruit During Postharvest Cold Storage
Authors: Wang Yi-Wen , Ludwig Helaina , Scherm Harald , van Iersel Marc , Nambeesan Savithri
Published: September 2020

Blueberry fruit are perishable after harvesting due to fruit softening, water loss and susceptibility to pathogens. Light, especially blue light, increases the accumulation of anthocyanins and reduces postharvest decay in some fruits, but the effect of blue light on postharvest fruit quality attributes in blueberries is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the effect of blue light on fruit quality, anthocyanin accumulation and disease development during postharvest cold storage (2 °C–4 °C) in two experiments with southern highbush blueberry ‘Star’ and rabbiteye blueberry ‘Alapaha’. Overall, diurnal blue light did not affect postharvest fruit quality attributes, such as visual defects, fruit compression, skin puncture, total soluble solid content and titratable acidity, in the two cultivars compared with their respective controls (diurnal white light or continuous darkness). Further, there was no effect of blue light on fruit color and anthocyanin accumulation. Fruit disease incidence in ‘Star’ ranged from 19.0% to 27.3% after 21 days and in ‘Alapaha’ from 44.9% to 56.2% after 24 days in postharvest storage, followed by 4 days at room temperature, but blue light had no consistent effect on postharvest disease incidence for either cultivar. Disease progression following artificial inoculations with Alternaria tenuissima and Colletotrichum acutatum in ‘Star’ was not influenced by light treatment prior to inoculation and during fruit storage. In a separate experiment, we tested the effect of blue light on color development in ‘Farthing’, a southern highbush blueberry cultivar with fruit prone to non-uniform ripening, whereby the stem-end remains green as the rest of the fruit turns blue. Although green stem-end spots turned blue over time, there was no statistically significant effect of the blue light treatment. Overall, these data indicate that blue light does not affect fruit quality attributes or disease development in ripe blueberry fruit during postharvest storage in the conditions investigated here.
Psychosocial Experiences of HIV-Positive Women of African Descent in the Cultural Context of Infant Feeding: A Three-Country Comparative Analyses
Authors: Etowa Josephine , Nare Hilary , Kakuru Doris M. , Etowa Egbe B.
Published: September 2020

Infant feeding among mothers of African descent living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a critical practice that is influenced by policies, cultural expectations, and the resultant psychosocial state of the mother. Hence, this paper draws insights from a broader infant feeding study. It provides insights into how guidelines on infant feeding practices, cultural expectations, migration, or geographic status intersect to influence the psychosocial experiences of mothers living with HIV. We compared psychosocial experiences of Black mothers of African descent living with HIV in Nigeria versus those in high-income countries (Canada and USA), in the context of contrasting national infant feeding guidelines, cultural beliefs about breastfeeding, and geographic locations. Survey was conducted in venue-based convenience samples in two comparative groups: (Ottawa, Canada and Miami-FL, USA combined [n = 290]), and (Port Harcourt, Nigeria [n = 400]). Using independent samples t-statistics, we compared the means and distributions of six psychosocial attributes between Black mothers in two distinct: Infant feeding groups (IFGs), cultural, and geographical contexts at p < 0.05. Psychosocial attributes, such as discrimination and stigma, were greater in women who exclusively formula feed (EFF) than in women who exclusively breastfeed (EBF) at p < 0.01. Heightened vigilance, discrimination, and stigma scores were greater in women whose infant feeding practices were informed by cultural beliefs (CBs) compared to those not informed by CBs at p < 0.001. Discrimination and stigma scores were greater among mothers in Canada and the USA than in Nigeria at p < 0.001. Heightened vigilance and perceived stress scores were less among women in Canada and the USA than in Nigeria at p < 0.001. The guidelines on infant feeding practices for mothers with HIV should consider cultural expectations and migration/locational status of mothers.
Blockchain in Healthcare: Insights on COVID-19
Authors: Fusco Antonio , Dicuonzo Grazia , Dell’Atti Vittorio , Tatullo Marco
Published: September 2020

The SARS-CoV2 pandemic has impacted risk management globally. Blockchain has been increasingly applied to healthcare management, as a strategic tool to strengthen operative protocols and to create the proper basis for an efficient and effective evidence-based decisional process. We aim to validate blockchain in healthcare, and to suggest a trace-route for a COVID19-safe clinical practice. The use of blockchain in combination with artificial intelligence systems allows the creation of a generalizable predictive system that could contribute to the containment of pandemic risk on national territory. A SWOT analysis of the adoption of a blockchain-based prediction model in healthcare and SARS-CoV-2 infection has been carried out to underline opportunities and limits to its adoption. Blockchain could play a strategic role in future digital healthcare: specifically, it may work to improve COVID19-safe clinical practice. The main concepts, and particularly those related to clinical workflow, obtainable from different blockchain-based models have been reported here and critically discussed.
Impacts of a Care Robotics Project on Finnish Home Care Workers’ Attitudes towards Robots
Authors: Rantanen Teemu , Leppälahti Teppo , Porokuokka Jaakko , Heikkinen Sari
Published: September 2020

Technological advances in elderly care have been rapid, and the introduction of robots in care will be a topical issue in the near future. There has been little research into the possibility of influencing care workers’ attitudes towards robots by project activities, and how to make the change easier for work communities. This study focuses on a robotics project that took place in elderly and home care services in one municipality in Finland (total of 45 care workers). During the project, four robotics workshops and one extended pilot session were implemented. The study follows quasi-experimental settings, and it included two measurements (before and after project activities) and a control group, but no randomization. The data were collected by questionnaires and were analyzed statistically. The project under study brought about minor positive changes in home care workers’ attitudes towards the usefulness of care robots. In the final measurement, the difference between the test group and the control group was significant in the two dimensions of positive attitudes. The research supports the hypothesis that project activities can be used to influence home care workers’ attitudes towards robots. This can also facilitate the introduction of care robots in home care services. However, the construction of a technology-positive care culture is a long-term process, which requires training and development, technological development and strong strategic management at various levels.
Awareness, Risk Perception, and Stress during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Communities of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Kuang Jinyi , Ashraf Sania , Das Upasak , Bicchieri Cristina
Published: September 2020

The health and economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic is expected to disproportionately impact residents of lower-middle income countries. Understanding the psychological impact of the pandemic is important to guide outreach interventions. In this study, we examined people’s awareness of COVID-19 symptoms, risk perception, and changes in behaviors and stress levels during the lockdown in peri-urban Tamil Nadu India. Field workers conducted phone call surveys (included n = 2044) in 26 communities from 20–25 May 2020. The majority perceived no (60%) or low (23%) level of risk of personally contracting coronavirus. Common fears were related to health and economic concerns, including loss of income (62%), inability to travel freely (46%), and becoming sick (46%). Residents were well aware of the common symptoms of COVID-19, such as fever (66%) and dry cough (57%), but not the asymptomatic transmission (24%). The majority experienced increased stress about finance (79%) and the lockdown (51%). Our findings emphasize the need to develop context-adequate education and communication programs to raise vigilance about asymptomatic transmission and to sustain preventative behaviors. The evidence on fear and changes in stress levels could inform designing coping strategies and programs focused on mental well-being.
A DPSIR-TODIM Model Security Evaluation of China’s Rare Earth Resources
Authors: Du Yupei , Wang Wenju , Lu Qian , Li Ziyang
Published: September 2020

Rare earth is an important strategic mineral resource for national economy and national security. As the largest producer and exporter of rare earth, China’s rare earth industry has problems associated with excessive production, mismatched pricing power and environmental pollution. Therefore, an in-depth study of the rare earth industry security is necessary. Based on proposed definition for mineral resource security, this paper established a rare earth resource security evaluation model based on the “driver-pressure-state-impact-response” conceptual model using an extended TODIM (an acronym in Portuguese for interactive and multi-criteria decision-making) method combined with the E-DEMATEL (entropy and decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory) method. The model was then applied to Chinese rare earth data from 2006–2015 to assess the security, from which it was found that while the security level was not high, the overall trend was improving. Moreover, some critical response factors affecting REEs (rare earth elements) security are identified, including tariffs, research investment, etc. This paper not only introduces a new evaluation of REEs security but also explores the crucial indicators and the response mechanism.
A Novel Immunocompetent Mouse Model for Testing Antifungal Drugs Against Invasive Candida albicans Infection
Authors: Ryan Lisa K. , Hise Amy G , Hossain Chowdhury Mobaswar , Ruddick William , Parveen Rezwana , Freeman Katie B. , Weaver Damian G. , Narra Hema P. , Scott Richard W. , Diamond Gill
Published: September 2020

Disseminated infection by Candida species represents a common, often life-threatening condition. Increased resistance to current antifungal drugs has led to an urgent need to develop new antifungal drugs to treat this pathogen. However, in vivo screening of candidate antifungal compounds requires large numbers of animals and using immunosuppressive agents to allow for fungal dissemination. To increase the efficiency of screening, to use fewer mice, and to remove the need for immunosuppressive agents, which may interfere with the drug candidates, we tested the potential for a novel approach using in vivo imaging of a fluorescent strain of Candida albicans, in a mouse strain deficient in the host defense peptide, murine β-defensin 1 (mBD-1). We developed a strain of C. albicans that expresses red fluorescent protein (RFP), which exhibits similar infectivity to the non-fluorescent parent strain. When this strain was injected into immunocompetent mBD-1-deficient mice, we observed a non-lethal disseminated infection. Further, we could quantify its dissemination in real time, and observe the activity of an antifungal peptide mimetic drug by in vivo imaging. This novel method will allow for the rapid in vivo screening of antifungal drugs, using fewer mice, and increase the efficiency of testing new antifungal agents.
Transient Effects of Applying and Removing Strain on the Mechanical Behavior of Rubber
Authors: Gkouti Elli , Yenigun Burak , Czekanski Aleksander
Published: September 2020

For viscoelastic materials, the relationship between stress and strain depends on time, where the applied strain (or stress) can be expressed as a step function of time. In the present work, we investigated two temporary effects in the response of viscoelastic materials when a given strain is applied and then removed. The application of strain causes a stress response over time, also known as relaxation. By contrast, recovery is the response that occurs following the removal of an applied stress or strain. Both stress and relaxation constitute transient stages of a viscoelastic material exposed to a permanent force. In the current work, we performed several experimental tests to record the recovery in response to the total or partial removal of the strain. By observing and analyzing the mechanical response of the material to strain, we deduced that recovery is a procedure not only related to creep but also to relaxation. Hence, we created a model that simulates the behavior of viscoelastic materials, contributing to the prediction of relevant results concerning different conditions.
Corrosion Behavior of Steel-Reinforced Green Concrete Containing Recycled Coarse Aggregate Additions in Sulfate Media
Authors: Landa-Sánchez Abigail , Bosch Juan , Baltazar-Zamora Miguel Angel , Croche René , Landa-Ruiz Laura , Santiago-Hurtado Griselda , Moreno-Landeros Victor M. , Olguín-Coca Javier , López-Léon Luis , Bastidas José M. , Mendoza-Rangel José M. , Ress Jacob , Bastidas David. M.
Published: September 2020

Novel green concrete (GC) admixtures containing 50% and 100% recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) were manufactured according to the ACI 211.1 standard. The GC samples were reinforced with AISI 1080 carbon steel and AISI 304 stainless steel. Concrete samples were exposed to 3.5 wt.% Na2SO4 and control (DI-water) solutions. Electrochemical testing was assessed by corrosion potential (Ecorr) according to the ASTM C-876-15 standard and a linear polarization resistance (LPR) technique following ASTM G59-14. The compressive strength of the fully substituted GC decreased 51.5% compared to the control sample. Improved corrosion behavior was found for the specimens reinforced with AISI 304 SS; the corrosion current density (icorr) values of the fully substituted GC were found to be 0.01894 µA/cm2 after Day 364, a value associated with negligible corrosion. The 50% RCA specimen shows good corrosion behavior as well as a reduction in environmental impact. Although having lower mechanical properties, a less dense concrete matrix and high permeability, RCA green concrete presents an improved corrosion behavior thus being a promising approach to the higher pollutant conventional aggregates.
Influence of Plastic Deformation on Microstructural Evolution of 100Cr6 Bearing Ring in Hot Ring Rolling
Authors: Zhou Guanghua , Wei Wenting , Liu Qinglong
Published: September 2020

The hot ring rolling technology as the crucial procedure for the manufacture of bearing rings plays an important role in determining the final microstructure of bearing rings. In this work, the influence of the hot ring rolling process on the microstructural evolution of 100Cr6 bearing rings was investigated using a three-dimensional (3D) numerical model and microstructural characterization. It was found that the significant microstructural refinement occurs at the different regions of the rings. However, owing to the non-uniform plastic deformation of hot rolling, the refinement rate of grain size and decrease of pearlite lamellar spacing (PLS) also showed uniformity at different regions of the rings. Furthermore, the degree of grain refinement had been limited with the increase of rolling reduction. Due to the refined grain size and decreased PLS, the Vickers hardness increased with the increase of rolling reduction. Moreover, the Vickers hardness from the outer surface to the inner surface of the ring is asymmetrical u-shaped, which had the law of lower hardness in the center area and higher hardness on the surface.
Photodegradation of Methylene Blue and Rhodamine B Using Laser-Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles
Authors: Blažeka Damjan , Car Julio , Klobučar Nikola , Jurov Andrea , Zavašnik Janez , Jagodar Andrea , Kovačević Eva , Krstulović Nikša
Published: September 2020

In this paper we examined the photocatalytic efficiency of a laser-synthesized colloidal solution of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by laser ablation in water. The average size of the obtained colloidal ZnO nanoparticles is about 47 nm. As revealed by electron microscopy, other nanostructures were also present in the colloidal solution, especially nanosheets. A photocatalytic degradation of UV-irradiated Methylene Blue and Rhodamine B solutions of different concentration in the presence of different ZnO catalyst mass concentrations was studied in order to examine their influence on photodegradation rates. ZnO nanoparticles have shown high photocatalytic efficiency, which is limited due to different effects related to UV light transmittivity through the colloidal solution. Therefore, increasing catalyst concentration is effective way to increase photocatalytic efficiency up to some value where photodegradation rate saturation occurs. The photodegradation rate increases as the dye concentration decreases. These findings are important for water purification applications of laser-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles.
In Vitro Biological Characterization of Silver-Doped Anodic Oxide Coating on Titanium
Authors: Oleshko Oleksandr , Liubchak Iryna , Husak Yevheniia , Korniienko Viktoriia , Yusupova Aziza , Oleshko Tetiana , Banasiuk Rafal , Szkodo Marek , Matros-Taranets Igor , Kazek-Kęsik Alicja , Simka Wojciech , Pogorielov Maksym
Published: September 2020

Despite the high biocompatibility and clinical effectiveness of Ti-based implants, surface functionalization (with complex osteointegrative/antibacterial strategies) is still required. To enhance the dental implant surface and to provide additional osteoinductive and antibacterial properties, plasma electrolytic oxidation of a pure Ti was performed using a nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA)-based Ag nanoparticles (AgNP)-loaded calcium–phosphate solution. Chemical and structural properties of the surface-modified titanium were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and contact angle measurement. A bacterial adhesion test and cell culture biocompatibility with collagen production were performed to evaluate biological effectiveness of the Ti after the plasma electrolytic process. The NTA-based calcium–phosphate solution with Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) can provide formation of a thick, porous plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) layer enriched in silver oxide. Voltage elevation leads to increased porosity and a hydrophilic nature of the newly formed ceramic coating. The silver-enriched PEO layer exhibits an effective antibacterial effect with high biocompatibility and increased collagen production that could be an effective complex strategy for dental and orthopedic implant development.
Effects of CeO2 on the Si Precipitation Mechanism of SiCp/Al-Si Composite Prepared by Powder Metallurgy
Authors: Yang Bin , Wang Aiqin , Liu Kunding , Liu Chenlu , Xie Jingpei , Wang Guangxin , Wei Shizhong
Published: September 2020

SiCp/Al-Si composites with different CeO2 contents were prepared by a powder metallurgy method. The effect of CeO2 content on the microstructure of the composites was studied. The mechanism of CeO2 on the precipitation of Si during sintering was analyzed by theoretical calculations. The results show that the appropriate amount of CeO2 can significantly refine the size of precipitated Si particles in the composite and increase the number of Si particles. With the increase of CeO2 content from 0 to 0.6 wt%, the number of Si particles precipitated in the composites increases gradually, and the average particle size of Si particles decreases gradually. When the CeO2 content is 0.6 wt%, the number of Si particles precipitated in the composites reaches the maximum, and the average particle size reaches the minimum. However, with the increase of CeO2 content from 0.6 wt% to 1.8 wt%, the number of Si particles precipitated in the composites began to decrease, and the average size of Si particles gradually increased. CeO2 can be used as heterogeneous nucleation substrate of precipitated Si, and the nucleation rate of precipitated Si on a CeO2 substrate is higher than that on an aluminum substrate. The proper addition of CeO2 can improve the nucleation efficiency of precipitated Si, thus increasing the amount and refining the size of precipitated Si.
Reanalysis of Gene Expression Profiles of CD4+ T Cells Treated with HIV-1 Latency Reversal Agents
Authors: Campos Coelho Antonio Victor , Moura Ronald Rodrigues de , Crovella Sergio
Published: September 2020

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) causes a progressive depletion of CD4+ T cells, hampering immune function. Current experimental strategies to fight the virus focus on the reactivation of latent HIV-1 in the viral reservoir to make the virus detectable by the immune system, by searching for latency reversal agents (LRAs). We hypothesize that if common molecular pathways elicited by the presence of LRAs are known, perhaps new, more efficient, “shock-and-kill” strategies can be found. Thus, the objective of the present study is to re-evaluate RNA-Seq assays to find differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during latency reversal via transcriptome analysis. We selected six studies (45 samples altogether: 16 negative controls and 29 LRA-treated CD4+ T cells) and 11 LRA strategies through a systematic search in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and PubMed databases. The raw reads were trimmed, counted, and normalized. Next, we detected consistent DEGs in these independent experiments. AZD5582, romidepsin, and suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA) were the LRAs that modulated most genes. We detected 948 DEGs shared by those three LRAs. Gene ontology analysis and cross-referencing with other sources of the literature showed enrichment of cell activation, differentiation and signaling, especially mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Rho-GTPases pathways.
Temporal Changes in Patient-Matched Staphylococcus epidermidis Isolates from Infections: towards Defining a ‘True’ Persistent Infection
Authors: Harris Llinos G. , Bodger Owen , Post Virginia , Mack Dietrich , Morgenstern Mario , Rohde Holger , Moriarty T. Fintan , Wilkinson Thomas S.
Published: September 2020

Staphylococcus epidermidis is found naturally on the skin but is a common cause of persistent orthopaedic device-related infections (ODRIs). This study used a pan-genome and gene-by-gene approach to analyse the clonality of whole genome sequences (WGS) of 115 S. epidermidis isolates from 55 patients with persistent ODRIs. Analysis of the 522 gene core genome revealed that the isolates clustered into three clades, and MLST analysis showed that 83% of the isolates belonged to clonal complex 2 (CC2). Analysis also found 13 isolate pairs had different MLST types and less than 70% similarity within the genes; hence, these were defined as re-infection by a different S. epidermidis strain. Comparison of allelic diversity in the remaining 102 isolates (49 patients) revealed that 6 patients had microevolved infections (>7 allele differences), and only 37 patients (77 isolates) had a ‘true’ persistent infection. Analysis of the core genomes of isolate pairs from 37 patients found 110/841 genes had variations; mainly in metabolism associated genes. The accessory genome consisted of 2936 genes; with an average size of 1515 genes. To conclude, this study demonstrates the advantage of using WGS for identifying the accuracy of a persistent infection diagnosis. Hence, persistent infections can be defined as ‘true’ persistent infections if the core genome of paired isolates has ≤7 allele differences; microevolved persistent infection if the paired isolates have >7 allele differences but same MLST type; and polyclonal if they are the same species but a different MLST type.
Integrated Source of Path-Entangled Photon Pairs with Efficient Pump Self-Rejection
Authors: de la Hoz Pablo , Sakovich Anton , Mikhalychev Alexander , Thornton Matthew , Korolkova Natalia , Mogilevtsev Dmitri
Published: September 2020

We present a theoretical proposal for an integrated four-wave mixing source of narrow-band path-entangled photon pairs with efficient spatial pump self-rejection. The scheme is based on correlated loss in a system of waveguides in Kerr nonlinear media. We calculate that this setup gives the possibility for upwards of 100 dB pump rejection, without additional filtering. The effect is reached by driving the symmetric collective mode that is strongly attenuated by an engineered dissipation, while photon pairs are born in the antisymmetric mode. A similar set-up can additionally be realized for the generation of two-photon NOON states, also with pump self-rejection. We discuss the implementation of the scheme by means of the coherent diffusive photonics, and demostrate its feasibility in both glass (such as fused silica-glass and IG2) and planar semiconductor waveguide structures in indium phosphide (InP) and in silicon.
Two-Parametric, Mathematically Undisclosed Solitary Electron Holes and Their Evolution Equation
Authors: Schamel Hans
Published: September 2020

The examination of the mutual influence of the two main trapping scenarios, which are characterized by B and D and which in isolation yield the known sech4 (D=0) and Gaussian (B=0) electron holes, show generalized, two-parametric solitary wave solutions. This increases the variety of hole solutions considerably beyond the two cases previously discussed, but at the expense of their mathematical disclosure, since ϕ(x), the electrical wave potential, can no longer be expressed analytically by known functions. Therefore, they belong to a variety with a partially hidden mathematical background, a hitherto unexplored world of structure formation, the origin of which is the chaotic individual particle dynamics at resonance in the coherent wave particle interaction. A third trapping scenario Γ, being independent of (B, D) and representing the perturbative trapping scenarios in lowest order, provides a broad, continuous band of associated phase velocities v0. For structures propagating near CSEA=1.307, the slowelectronacousticspeed, a Generalized Schamel equation is derived: φτ+[A−B158φ+Dlnφ]φx−φxxx=0, which governs their evolution. A is associated with the phase speed and τ:=CSEAt and φ:=ϕ/ψ≥0 are the renormalized time and electric potential, respectively, where ψ is the amplitude of the structure.
Improving OPC UA Publish-Subscribe Mechanism over UDP with Synchronization Algorithm and Multithreading Broker Application
Authors: Ioana Alexandru , Korodi Adrian
Published: September 2020

Communication protocols are evolving continuously as the interfacing and interoperability requirements are the foundation of Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), and the Open Platform Communication Unified Architecture (OPC UA) protocol is a major enabling technology. OPC UA was adopted by the industry, and research is continuously carried out to extend and to improve its capabilities, to fulfil the growing requirements of specific industries and hierarchical levels. Consistent issues that have to be approached are related to the latest specifications and the real-time context that could extend the applicability of the protocol and bring significant benefits in terms of speed, data volumes, footprint, security. The real-time context is essential in the automotive sector and it is highly developed within some specific protocols. The current work approaches first the conceptual analysis to improve the OPC UA interfacing using the Publish-Subscribe mechanism, focusing on real-time constraints and role distribution between entities, and considering some well-founded interfacing strategies from the automotive sector. The conceptual analysis is materialized into a solution that takes OPC UA Publish-Subscribe over User Datagram Protocol (UDP) mechanism to the next level by developing a synchronization algorithm and a multithreading broker application to obtain real time responsiveness and increased efficiency by lowering the publisher and the subscriber footprint and computational effort, reducing the difficulty of sending larger volumes of data for various subscribers and the charge on the network and services in terms of polling and filtering. The proof of concept is evaluated and the results prove the efficiency of the approach and the solution.
A Secure IoT-Based Authentication System in Cloud Computing Environment
Authors: Wu Hsiao-Ling , Chang Chin-Chen , Zheng Yao-Zhu , Chen Long-Sheng , Chen Chih-Cheng
Published: September 2020

The Internet of Things (IoT) is currently the most popular field in communication and information techniques. However, designing a secure and reliable authentication scheme for IoT-based architectures is still a challenge. In 2019, Zhou et al. showed that schemes pro-posed by Amin et al. and Maitra et al. are vulnerable to off-line guessing attacks, user tracking attacks, etc. On this basis, a lightweight authentication scheme based on IoT is proposed, and an authentication scheme based on IoT is proposed, which can resist various types of attacks and realize key security features such as user audit, mutual authentication, and session security. However, we found weaknesses in the scheme upon evaluation. Hence, we proposed an enhanced scheme based on their mechanism, thus achieving the security requirements and resisting well-known attacks.
Special Issue on Future Powertrain Technologies
Authors: Jardin Philippe , Esser Arved , Rinderknecht Stephan
Published: September 2020

Beside others, climate change and digitalization are trends of huge public interest, which highly influence the development process of future powertrain technologies [...]
The Influence of Humanism on the Main Magisterial Reformers
Authors: Lingelbach John F.
Published: September 2020

In light of the wide acknowledgement that humanism influenced the Protestant Reformation, one must ask the question about how much of what Protestantism maintains owes a debt to this modern ideology often juxtaposed in contrast to Christianity. Given the remarkable role of such a controversial ideology during a seminal period of the modern church, this study seeks an answer to the following question: how did the humanism movement of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries impact the lives and work of the main Magisterial Reformers? This research is important and necessary because discovering the answer to this question leads to an understanding of the larger question of how humanism impacts the Protestant tradition. Understanding the nature of this impact sheds light on what Protestantism means and may induce some Christians to contemplate why they call or do not call themselves “Protestants” or “humanists.” This present study progressed through four phases. First, the study sought to describe the humanism of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Second, it sought to describe the impact this humanism had on society. Third, the study analyzed how the social impacts of the humanism of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries served to advance or hinder the causes of the main Magisterial Reformers. Finally, it synthesized the findings. This paper argues and concludes that the humanism of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries impacted the lives and work of the main Magisterial Reformers by facilitating their desire to include the common people in a religious world previously dominated by the elite.
Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea? Re-Examining Christian Engagement with Ba’athism in Syria and Iraq
Authors: Elton Louis
Published: September 2020

This article re-examines the dominant scholarly perception that Christian support for Arab Nationalist regimes is primarily a product of fear of Islamism. After a brief examination of the Christian origins of Ba’athism—a form of Arab Nationalism—the author argues that a more granular understanding of the current Christian politics of Syria and Iraq reveals that while some Christians have supported regimes out of fear, there is also significant strain of active, positive support, though to what extent this is a product of Christian identification with Arab identity requires further research. The study employs an examination of posts from pro-Assad Syrian Christian Facebook pages.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF WORD JIGSAW STRATEGY ON STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
Authors: Dewi Erniyanti Nur fatahhela
Published: September 2020

The article was aimed to find out the empirical evidence of the effectiveness of Word Jigsaw Strategy on Students’ Vocabulary achievement of Descriptive Text. Word jigsaw is part of graphic organizer which is one of alternative strategy to teach vocabulary. The study was quasi experimental research. The population was eight grade students of SMP PGRI 1 Ciputat. Moreover, the sample of this study consisted of 25 students from VIII-3 class in the Experimental Group and 25 students from VIII-4 in the controlled group. In this study, the experimental class was taught by using Word Jigsaw as strategy in teaching Vocabulary, while controlled class was taught without Word Jigsaw. The research instrument was test that consisted of pre-test and post-test form. The technique used in collecting data was quantitative with t-test. The result of this study showed that the use of Word Jigsaw strategy is effective on students’ vocabulary of descriptive text. It can be seen from the result of calculation that the students’ score in experimental class was higher than controlled class. Based on the statistical calculation with the significance level 5%, it showed that to = 2.778 was higher than tt = 2.021 as the effect size that ranged in moderate level. It meant the Word Jigsaw strategy was effective on students’ vocabulary achievement of Descriptive text.
THE ROLE OF CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK ON ACADEMIC WRITING PERFORMANCE: EFL STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS
Authors: Wahyuningsih Sri
Published: September 2020

In the context of higher education, corrective feedback plays a crucial part in academic writing. This paper, therefore, aims to explore the role of corrective feedback on the academic writing performance of EFL students at State Islamic Institute of Kudus. The study employed a qualitative research. In order to gather data, the writer interviewed the students about the perception of the use corrective feedback in enhancing their performance in academic writing. In addition, observation and documentation were conducted to get detail information. The result showed that corrective feedback including the aspects of providing and receiving feedback has led to better improvement in students’ academic writing performance. Indeed, they become more confident in performing their academic writing task. Further, through corrective feedback, students are highly pursued to give more comments regarding the performance of their peers in academic writing. In addition, lecturers merely give clarifications towards the corrective feedbacks in academic writing class by provoking question and answer to promote the students’ critical thinking skills.
AUGMENTED REALITY, SEBUAH TREN DAN NILAI DALAM PERKEMBANGAN INDUSTRI PARIWISATA
Authors: Utama I Putu Sagita Jaya , Wiguna I Made Arsa
Published: September 2020

The use of modern technology is a necessity for many destinations to remain competitive and attractive to modern tourists. A form of new technology that is increasingly being used in public spaces is virtual reality and augmented reality (AR). How AR plays a role in the development of the tourism industry, so that it becomes a trend and value, is a reality that explored with a qualitative approach and a review of some relevant literature. The results of the study found that Augmented Reality is very instrumental in projecting additional information about attractions, accessibility and amenities in the tourism environment to be closer to everyone.
Skills Acquired during Teacher Training Programs (B.Ed & M.Ed) and Skills Required in Actual Classroom
Authors: Abdin Zain ul
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study was to explore the differences between the skills developed in teacher training programs and the skills used in the classrooms. The population of this study was 937 Head Masters BPS-17 selected through IBA Sukkur. These Head Masters were selected for primary and Elementary schools by the government of Sindh. Data was collected from the participants through simple random sampling. The sample size for this study was 187 IBA Head Masters all over the Sindh. The questionnaire was used as a research tool to get the responses from IBA selected Head Masters about their teachers who are teaching in their schools.  Data was analyzed through descriptive statistics. Participants’ responses were analyzed through percentage, mean, and standard deviation. The mean score shows that the majority of teachers don’t have planning (M= 2.31), presentation (M=2.29), and management skills (2.34). The mean score of command over the subject factor is (M= 2.02), appropriate teaching methodologies factor (M= 2.28) and evaluation skills factor (M= 2.22) shows that majority of teachers don’t have command over the subject and they do not use appropriate and modern teaching methodologies. Furthermore, teachers do not have evaluation skills to measure the students learning objectives and to know the students' strengths and weaknesses. It was concluded that whatever teachers learned in the professional trainings do not use those skills in the classrooms because most teachers are not interested in teacher training programs.
Unveiling the Effects of Interchain Hydrogen Bonds on Solution Gelation and Mechanical Properties of Diarylfluorene-Based Semiconductor Polymers
Authors: Bai Lubing , Han Yamin , Sun Chen , An Xiang , Wei Chuanxin , Liu Wei , Xu Man , Sun Lili , Sun Ning , Yu Mengna , Zhang He , Wei Qi , Xu Chunxiang , Yang Yingguo , Qin Tianshi , Xie Linghai , Lin Jinyi , Huang Wei
Published: September 2020

The intrinsically rigid and limited strain of most conjugated polymers has encouraged us to optimize the extensible properties of conjugated polymers. Herein, learning from the hydrogen bonds in glucose, which were facilitated to the toughness enhancement of cellulose, we introduced interchain hydrogen bonds to polydiarylfluorene by amide-containing side chains. Through tuning the copolymerization ratio, we systematically investigated their influence on the hierarchical condensed structures, rheology behavior, tensile performances, and optoelectronic properties of conjugated polymers. Compared to the reference copolymers with a low ratio of amide units, copolymers with 30% and 40% amide units present a feature of the shear-thinning process that resembled the non-Newtonian fluid, which was enabled by the interchain dynamic hydrogen bonds. Besides, we developed a practical and universal method for measuring the intrinsic mechanical properties of conjugated polymers. We demonstrated the significant impact of hydrogen bonds in solution gelation, material crystallization, and thin film stretchability. Impressively, the breaking elongation for P4 was even up to ~30%, which confirmed the partially enhanced film ductility and toughness due to the increased amide groups. Furthermore, polymer light-emitting devices (PLEDs) based on these copolymers presented comparable performances and stable electroluminescence (EL). Thin films of these copolymers also exhibited random laser emission with the threshold as low as 0.52 
μ
J/cm
2
, suggesting the wide prospective application in the field of flexible optoelectronic devices.
Pengaruh Jenis Bakteri Pelarut terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Benih G3 Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varietas Medians.
Authors: Ulfah Indriana , Parlinah Linlin , Noertjahyani Noertjahyani , Abdullah Rohana
Published: September 2020

This article aims to examine the effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) on the growth and yield of G3 seeds of potato (solanum tuberosum L.) varieties of medians. The experiment was conducted in the experimental garden of The Faculty of Agriculture of Winaya Mukti University Tanjungsari, Sumedang with a height of 850 meters above sea level with the order of land Andisol. Time trials are conducted from May to August 2019. The design used is a simple RandomIzed Group Design consisting of five types of phosphate Solubilizing bacteria, namely without PSB, Pseudacidovorax intermedius, Agrobacterium fabrum, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Serratia nematodiphila and repeated five times each. The results of the experiment showed that the administration of this type of PSB was able to increase the height of the plant and the number of leaves at the age of 28 DAP and 42 DAP and give the result of the number of potatoes and the weight of the perpetak tubers on the potato crop of the medians varieties better.
IMPLEMENTASI PERMAINAN JEPIT BAJU UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HAFALAN HURUF HIJAIYAH KELOMPOK A DI RA NURUR RAHMAH SUMBER ANYAR MLANDINGAN
Authors: Zahro Fatimatus
Published: September 2020

This study presents the use of clothes pinning games to improve memorization of hijaiyah letters in RA Nurur Rahmah Group A Sumber Anyar Mlandingan  with 14 students. The purposes of this study were 1) to know the process of implementing clothes pinning games in improving memorization of hijaiyah letters. 2) to find out the results of the implementation of playing activities by using clothes pinches to improve memorization of hijaiyah letters. The method used is by using the classroom action research. This study uses a model from Carr and Kemmis using 4 stages, namely planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The results of this study are: 1) The process of implementing the clothes pinning game starts from the child clamping the miniature clothes in order, then the child is accompanied by the teacher to mention and designate hijaiyah letters. 2) The pre cycle results reached 28% completeness. After taking the action, namely by using clothes pinning clothes, the results of Cycle I were 64% and Cycle II increased to 85%.

Clothes Pinch; Hijaiyah letters