bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF THE FINANCIAL SUSTAINABLE OF HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS IN THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT CONDITIONS
Authors: ZHUKEVYCH Svitlana , KARPYSHYN Natalia , SHEGERA Oleksandr
Published: March 2023

Introduction. An important element of the implementation of the concept of sustainable development in Ukraine and the concept of the development of the system of financial support in the field of health care is the modernization of the financial mechanism of medical institutions, the development of new models of financial activity in the context of ensuring their stability and sustainability.

The purpose of the article is to study the main theoretical and methodological approaches to the analysis of the financial stability of health care institutions in the context of sustainable development.

Methods. The set goal was achieved using general scientific, special and empirical methods of learning processes and phenomena. In particular, the methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison, and generalization are used to understand the sustainable development of society and the enterprise, the financial stability of health care institutions; scientific abstraction, structural-logical and tabular methods, structural-dynamic and coefficient analysis - to determine and analyze the financial stability of medical institutions.

Results. The theoretical foundations and methodical approaches of the analysis of financial stability have been studied. The methodology was adapted to modern health care institutions that have acquired features of an entrepreneurial nature, an analysis of the medical institution was carried out, and indicators were calculated to determine the level of financial status.

Conclussions. Therefore, the financial stability of communal non-profit institutions is the state of financial resources and their management, which ensures the balance of assets and liabilities in a changing external and internal environment and ensures constant solvency and investment attractiveness within the limits of an acceptable level of risk. Analysis of the financial stability of health care institutions allows us to assess their readiness to repay their debts, financial independence, trends in the level of this independence, the rationality of managing state and self-raised funds. The algorithm for determining financial stability includes the use of a balance sheet model of financial equilibrium, a three-component indicator, determination of the optimal degrees of coverage of sources of financial support for health care, and calculation of absolute and relative indicators.
NATURE OF FINANCIAL SECURITY OF THE BANKING SYSTEM
Authors: BARANOVSKYI Oleksandr , LAGNO Anastasia
Published: March 2023

Introduction. The significance of the increased attention to the in-depth study of the financial security (FS) of the banking system is caused by the place and role of the banking system in ensuring the FS and investment growth of the national economy, the organization of payment turnover and the stability of the monetary system, ensuring the stability of the national currency and its purchasing power, targeting inflation and ensuring financial stability in the state. Ensuring the FS of both the banking system of Ukraine in general and its individual components, based on their paramount importance for the socio-economic development of the state, is a complex and multifaceted problem that requires constant attention.

The purpose of the article is to determine the nature of the FS of the banking system.

Results. Levels of security research in the banking sector are highlighted. The need to conduct such research at six hierarchical levels is emphasized. The components of FS of the banking sphere, the importance of compliance and the essence of the FS of the banking system are determined, and its author's definition is given. Aspects of consideration of FS of the banking system in general and its individual components are characterized. The main components of the FS of the banking system have been clarified. Special attention is paid to the analysis of approaches to determining financial stability, financial stability and financial reliability of the banking system and the relationship and interdependence between them. The classification of FS varieties of the banking system is presented. The factors of FS of the banking system are determined. Emphasis is placed on approaches to assessing the level of FS of the banking system.

Methods. Methods of decomposition and generalization, logical analysis, abstraction, comparison, analogy are used.

Conclusions. There is no unambiguous definition of the essence of the FS of the banking system, its components and varieties, aspects of their consideration, approaches to assessing the level of FS, which is necessary for the formation of an effective system of its support, the selection of the necessary approaches, methods and tools depending on the existing state of such security, which complicates the development of the specified systems. And, therefore, further research in this area is necessary.
Nitrogen-doped β-Ga2O3 vertical transistors with a threshold voltage of ≥1.3 V and a channel mobility of 100 cm2 V−1 s−1
Authors: Wakimoto Daiki , Lin Chia-Hung , Thieu Quang Tu , Miyamoto Hironobu , Sasaki Kohei , Kuramata Akito
Published: March 2023

We demonstrate high-performance normally-off multi-fin β-Ga2O3 vertical transistors with a wide fin width from 1.0 to 2.0 μm by using a nitrogen-doped β-Ga2O3 high-resistive layer grown by halide vapor phase epitaxy. Normally-off operation was achieved with a threshold voltage of ≥1.3 V, a specific on-resistance of 2.9 mΩ·cm2 and a current density of 760 A cm−2 at a gate voltage of +10 V. The estimated MOS channel field effect mobility was ∼100 cm2 V−1 s−1. These findings offer important insights on the development of Ga2O3 MOSFETs and show the great promise of Ga2O3 vertical power devices.
Il contatto linguistico tra identità e consapevolezza: uno studio su bilingui italo-arabofoni
Authors: Moussaid Yasmina
Published: March 2023

Come spesso accade nella lingua parlata di individui bilingui, anche nel caso degli italo-arabofoni, le forme di contatto linguistico sono frequenti. In primo luogo, questo articolo si pone l’obiettivo di condurre un’analisi linguistica dei fenomeni di contatto che si possono manifestare tra la lingua italiana e la lingua araba in caso di bilinguismo individuale. In secondo luogo, lo studio qui proposto affronta un duplice quesito: da una parte, si interroga sul livello di consapevolezza dei bilingui riguardo alle forme di contatto di cui fanno uso; dall’altra, cerca di comprendere in che modo il contatto linguistico si relaziona con l’aspetto identitario dei parlanti. Per indagare questi aspetti è stata scelta la metodologia delle interviste dirette a bilingui italo-arabofoni e la raccolta di corpora di lingua parlata in contesti che coinvolgono gli stessi intervistati. Tra i risultati emersi vi è il contatto tra le due lingue considerate a livello morfologico, una mancata percezione da parte dei partecipanti di una doppia personalità alternando le due lingue padroneggiate e una scarsa consapevolezza riguardo alle modalità con cui utilizzano i due sistemi linguistici che hanno a disposizione.As happens in other bilinguals’ spoken language, language contact phenomena are frequent in the conversations of Arabic-Italian speakers who show different degrees of mixing between the two languages. The first aim of this article is to conduct a linguistic analysis of the language contact phenomena - such as code-switching and code mixing - that occur between Italian and Arabic languages in case of individual bilingualism. More precisely the case study proposed here aims to explore the level of language awareness displayed by bilinguals as concerns language contact. Moreover, the study intends to shed light on how language contact is related to the identity of the speakers. The methodology used to investigate these aspects is based on interviews to Arabic-Italian bilinguals and corpora of everyday colloquial language used by these interviewees. Among the results obtained there are forms of code-mixing between Italian and Arabic languages involving the morphological structure of the word. The data document a lack of perception of two different personalities by the participants when they use each language and a low level of awareness concerning how they use the languages that they master.
Inactualités de Montesquieu: Valéry, Caillois, Starobinski
Authors: Landi Michela
Published: March 2023

Montesquieu occupa, nella storia del pensiero francese, una posizione di compromesso tra la prospezione e la retrospezione. Sebbene di nobili origini egli contesta, con il suo relativismo, i privilegi di casta; paladino della sincerità e della trasparenza, rivendica il diritto all’opacità, unica condizione di libertà. Di qui la sua posizione «inattuale», raccolta da tre grandi intellettuali del Novecento: Paul Valéry, Roger Caillois, Jean Starobinski. Sarà lo spazio liminare della prefazione alle proprie opere ad assicurare a Montesquieu  un certo margine di libertà di espressione;  similmente, sarà attraverso un intervento d’occasione – scritto prefatorio o conferenza –  che i tre intellettuali si pronunceranno sull’inattualità di Montesquieu andando così, contro lo spirito dei tempi, a legittimare la propria. 

Montesquieu occupies, in the French historical thinking, a compromise position between prospection and retrospection. Though he was an aristocratic he combated, with his relativism, the caste privileges; as a upholder of sincerity and transparency, he claims the right to opacity, as the unique condition for freedom. Hence his «inactual» position, wich has been inherited by three major intellectuals of Twentieth century: Paul Valéry, Roger Caillois, Jean Starobinski. As the liminal space of preface guarantees Montesquieu a certain freedom of expression, it is through some occasional interventions – prefatory discourse, or conference – that the three intellectuals intervene about Montesquieu’s inactuality, thus legitimizing, against  the spirit of the times, their own position.
الربط النصي في التراكيب المتطابقة في القران الكريم
Authors: عيدان حيدر , عباس إيمان
Published: March 2023

يدرس البحث ظاهرة التطابق التام في التراكيب القرآنية , وأثرها في الربط النصي في القرآن الكريم . إذ إنّ التطابق بوصفه تكرارا لفظيا للتركيب يعمل على تماسك فقرات النص وشد أجزائه شكلا ومضمونا . من مظاهر التماسك النصي في التراكيب المتطابقة , ظاهرة النظير الدلالي , ويقصد بالنظير , ما يقابل مضمون التركيب من معنى دلالي . يأتي النظير الدلالي على صور متنوعة منها : النظير التفسيري , وفيه يفسر النظير الدلالي مضمون التركيب دلاليا . والنظير التبادلي , وفيه يتبادل النظير بعض ألفاظ التركيب المتطابق . والنظير التكاملي , وفيه يتكامل النظير مع التركيب المتطابق دلاليا . وتشكل هذه العلاقات الدلاليه بين النظير الدلالي والتركيب المتطابق أواصر تشد أجزاء النص إلى بعضها .
مقارنة رموز الحرية في شعر محمود درويش وقيصر أمين ‌بور
Authors: كمالجو مصطفی , عبداللهي حميده , طبا شيرين
Published: March 2023

إن احدى أهم المواضيع التي يتناولها الشعر العربي المعاصر والأدب العالمي ككل، هو موضوع الحرية و قد جاءت الحرية في الآثار الأدبية بأساليب وتحت عناوين كثيرة بما في ذلك استخدام الرموز الدالة على الحرية وقد جاء ذلك توسّعًا في المعاني والمفاهيم وترسيخًا لبعض الأفكار التي يتضمنها ذلك الرمز لاسيما في ما يخص أدب المقاومة. توسّع استخدام الرمز في شعر المقاومة والسبب في ذلك انغلاق المجتمع المكبوت والمُحتل وعدم سماح الحكومات بحرية التعبير فلجأ الشعراء إلي اللغة الرمزية. من هؤلاء الشعراء الشاعر الفلسطيني محمود درويش، والشاعر الإيراني قيصر أمين‌بور فقد جاءا برموز للتعبير عن الحرية محاولينِ نشر آمالهما في المجتمع لترسيخ روح الحرية في ابناء الشعب فقد كافح الشاعران عبر الشعر الرمزي الواقعَ المرير الذي ضيق الخناق على المجتمع. يسعي هذا البحث لدراسة رموز الحرية وكيفية توظيفها في شعر هذين الشاعرينِ الذين انشدا قصائد كثيرة في الحرية وسيتم ذلك عبر المنهج الوصفي التحليلي. ونتيجة هذا البحث أن الشاعرينِ استخدما رموزًا متعددة للتعبير عن الحرية كالطيران، والعصفور، والحماة، والفراشة والشهادة لدعوة الناس إلي الحرية وتكوين روح الكفاح فيهم ليمضوا في سبل النضال الذي عالجوه في شعرهم. إن ما يقرِّب الشاعرينِ من بعض، روح الكفاح والظروف السياسية والاجتماعية التي عاشها الشاعران
دور عمليات حفظ السلام الدولية في تسوية النزاعات المسلحة الدولية
Authors: العبدلي محمد
Published: March 2023

تناول هذا البحث دور عمليات حفظ السلام الدولية في تسوية النزاعات الدولية، وتبين إن الأساس القانوني لهذه العمليات يكمن في الفصل السابع من ميثاق منظمة الأمم المتحدة، كما إنها تشكّل بقرار من مجلس الأمن انطلاقاً من مهامه الأساسية المتمثلة بحفظ السلم والأمن الدوليين والتي يحظى بموجبها بسلطة تقديرية واسعة استناداً إلى المادة (39) من ميثاق الامم المتحدة. وأوضحت الدراسة إن تدخل عمليات حفظ السلام الدولية في النزاعات الداخلية لا يتعارض مع مبدأ سيادة الدول؛ لأن موافقة أطراف النزاع يعد شرطاً أساسياً في أداء تلك العمليات، ومن ثم لا يمكن لها أن تباشر بمهامها دون قبول رسمي من الدول، كما أن لها من الوسائل الكفيلة بتسوية النزاعات الدولية، سواء كانت ذات طابع عسكري كمراقبة وقف إطلاق النار وحماية المناطق الموضوعة تحت حماية منظمة الأمم المتحدة ونزع السلاح وإزالة الألغام، أو قد تكون الوسائل غير عسكرية كالإشراف على الانتخابات والمصالحة الوطنية ودعم سيادة القانون
Women Rights in the Glorious Qur'an : A Sociolinguistic Study
Authors: Alkhazaali Musaab , Rashid Husam , Shaheed Fatimah
Published: March 2023

This research aims to study the concept of women's rights in the Holy Quran. The study will focus on how the concepts of language and gender are manifested, especially in the verses that talk about women's rights. In addition, the study attempts to answer the following question: Does the language of the Holy Qur’an reflect the physical and biological sex of males and females, or does it mainly emphasize their social and personal identity, i.e. gender? Do women's rights in the Holy Book reflect the man's authority over them? As the study is divided into two parts, the first chapter is an overview of three topics: gender, differences between males and females in the use of language and women's rights. The second chapter is devoted to women's rights in the Holy Qur'an. Important points were concluded in the Qur’anic text regarding the social dimension of women’s rights and their linguistic dimensions, the most important of which is that the Holy Book did not neglect the use of linguistic tools that refer to linguistic, grammatical and semantic femininity.
A legal and judicial investigation of the role of the multiplicity of the causes in determining the liability in driving accidents
Authors: Jahanbin Leili
Published: March 2023

latalama aistakhdim alainsan markbat mukhtalifat linaql albadayie w alrrukab, w fi alssanawat al'akhyrat bisabab zyadat wasayl alnnaql dhat almuharrik w balttaly zyadat alhawadith almurwryt , hunak ghumwd hawl alshshakhs almaswwl alladhy yajib 'an yadhhab 'iilayh almusabu. nazaraan 'iilay 'ann qawanynana mustawhat min alfiqh al'iislamy hunak qawaeid fiqhyt hammat mithl qaeidat 'iitlaf, tasbyb, ladarar, tahdhyr w ... allaty laha makanat qawyt fi qawanynna alyawm fi tahdyd alshshakhs almaswwl w tamm qabwl nazaryt alssabab almuqaddam min qibal aljamye
Impact of Mentoring On Academic Performance among Undergraduate Students in the Department Of Human Kinetics and Health Education, University of Port Harcourt
Authors: Akalazu Francis Chukwudi , Taiwo Okwowe Godei Deborah
Published: March 2023

This study examined the impact of mentoring on academic performance among undergraduate students in the Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, University of Port Harcourt. Four research questions guided the study. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. Population of the study comprised 581 undergraduate students in the Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, University of Port Harcourt out of which 116 representing 20% of the students were proportionately selected for the study. An instrument tagged “Questionnaire on Impact of Mentoring on Academic Performance among Undergraduate Students” (QIMAPUS) with r = 0.73 was used for data collection. Completed and retrieved 116 copies of the questionnaire were analyzed using mean statistics. Results showed among others that mentoring relationships provide undergraduate students the opportunities for fun and relief from daily stresses, serve as corrective therapy for undergraduate students’ emotional experiences, help undergraduate students eliminate negative perceptions about issues, help remove stigmas that undergraduate students may possess, and provide undergraduate students with enjoyable experiences. The study, therefore, recommended among others that lecturers and superior officers (mentors) in the universities should encourage students who are willing to share their feelings and self-perceptions to actively engage themselves in mentoring relationships. Lecturers and superior officers (mentors) in the universities must be able to identify students’ needs and provide the right support for them.
Effect of Plumage Colour Genes on Body Measurements and Heat Tolerant Traits of Indigenous Chicken
Authors: Akumbugu Faith Elijah , Dauda Gambo , Anzaku Esson Amos
Published: March 2023

This study was aimed to examine the effect of plumage colour genes on the body measurements and heat tolerant traits of indigenous chicken. A total of two hundred (200) adult chicken with different plumage colours comprising of black, white, red, brown and grey of both sexes reared by smallholder farmers with similar management system in Lafia, Nasarawa state, Nigeria were randomly sampled. Data were collected randomly at five (5) different locations in Lafia as thus: Kwandere, Shabu, Sabon Pegi, Tudun Gwandara and Tudun Amba respectively. Six body traits and four heat tolerant traits were measured on each bird: body length, breast circumference, thigh circumference, foot length, total leg length, wing length and Body temperature, Rectal temperature, pulse rate and respiratory rate. There was significant difference (P<0.05) for thigh circumference. The highest values for thigh circumference was observed for the white and grey plumage coloured chicken although not significantly different for those of brown plumage coloured. No significant differences were observed for the body length, breast circumference, wing length, foot length and total leg length for all the plumage coloured chicken. There was significant difference (P<0.05) for respiratory rate and heat stress index. The highest respiratory rate and heat stress index was observed for the white plumage coloured chicken. The white plumage coloured chicken were thermally stressed due to their inability to absorbed and withstand heat. No significant differences were observed for the remaining four plumage colours. Higher values of thigh circumference are the characteristics of meatiness in chicken. The coloured plumage chicken (Black, red, brown and grey) from this study possess the ability to better survive and adapt to heat stress due to their tendencies to absorbed heat compared to their white plumage coloured counterpart.
Retreatment of Oval-Shaped Root Canals – Difficulties and Treatment Approaches
Authors: Karova Emilia , Adem Sherihan Zongova-
Published: March 2023

The complex anatomy of oval-shaped root canals presents a major challenge for secondary endodontic retreatment. The positive outcome of the retreatment depends on the proper cleaning and reshaping of the root canal space. Despite the use of various retreatment techniques and the improvement of additional protocols, none of them has yet succeeded in cleaning the entire root canal from filling residue. The untouched irregularities of the oval-shaped canals represent a reservoir for debris and microorganisms that are the main cause of endodontic treatment failure or delayed healing process. Further research should be done to improve the retreatment protocols of oval shaped canals. The aim of this review was to observe the articles investigating the efficacy for retreatment of oval-shaped root canals in the last 10 years.
Role of RF Propagation in 5g Network
Authors: Sinha Himanshu Kumar , Kumar Anand , Saurabh Abhishek
Published: March 2023

The performance analysis of various empirical radio propagation models or harvesters used in wireless cellular networks is presented in this paper. In particular, second generation (2G) through fifth generation (5G) cellular networks route loss and cell coverage areas is researched. Planning any wireless communication system requires precise path loss and coverage area forecasting. The Hata model, the Stanford University Interim (SUI) model, and modified SUI models are contrasted in light of the urban terrain. The investigation is carried out at 28 GHz as inspiration for new wave (mm- wave) cellular systems, or for 5G communication. When -75 dBm is used as the desired minimum received power, it is shown that 2G communications (using the Hata model at 900 MHz) has the lowest route loss and thus the widest coverage area. Future mm-wave systems with the smallest coverage area are found to have the highest path loss (at 28 GHz using a modified SUI model).
Reported Health Needs among Women Who Have Sex with Women in Dar-es-salaam, Tanzania: What Public Health Personnel and Primary Health Clinicians Should Know
Authors: Kamazima Switbert R.
Published: March 2023

Exiting empirical data on female homosexuality demonstrate women who have sex with women engage in risky sexual behaviors and practices that put them at risk of woman-to-woman transmitted infections and other same-sex sex health-related problems. However, the level of risk varies among women in same-sex relationship pending on sexual risk behaviors they engage in, posing differentiated perceived and real health needs. I present perceived health needs among women who have sex with women in Tanzania. Four qualitative methods were used to collect data: in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, collecting participants’ life stories and observations. Data analysis deployed thematic approach where open systematic coding of data in the participants’ language and combining emerging emic concepts with preconceived theoretical constructs was used. With the exception of the women who identify transgender men or tomboys, women interviewed reported having similar primary and specialized health needs like their counterparts. Transgender men reported in need of affordable sex toys, lubricants and trusted healthcare providers skilled to manage their specific health needs. Deep-rooted belief that homosexual females are at low risk of HIV and other STIs coupled with a lack of awareness of the link between female same-sex sexual practices and diseases informed the poor risk perception demonstrated by women studied. I recommend for larger ethnographic and multidisciplinary (longitudinal/cohort) studies, with different designs and nationally representative samples to assess women who have sex with women’s health needs and wellbeing in the Tanzania context.
The Relationship between Sleep Quality with Hemoglobin Levels and Erythrocyte Index of Medical Students at Universitas Nusa Cendana
Authors: Utomo Richaldi Trisna Nicky , Setianingrum Elisabeth Levina Sari , Kareri Dyah Gita Rambu , Lada Christina Olly
Published: March 2023

Background: Sleep is an essential primary need where recovery occurs in the body and brain to achieve optimal health. Medical student’ sleep quality tends to be poor due to a more busy schedule of lectures and practicums than other study programs. Disruption of sleep will affect the formation of hemoglobin and erythrocyte index, which is the cause of anemia. Aim: Analyzing the relationship between sleep quality and hemoglobin levels and erythrocyte index in medical students at the Universitas Nusa Cendana. Method: An observational analytic study with a Cross-Sectional design conducted on MEDICAL students of the Faculty of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Nusa Cendana. Sleep quality data were obtained by filling out the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index questionnaire. Hemoglobin levels and erythrocyte index were obtained through complete blood examination with a Hematology Analyzer on 54 samples that met the inclusion criteria. Sampling was done by using the Stratified Random Sampling technique. The results were analyzed univariately and bivariate using the Chi-Square test. Results: The prevalence of poor sleep quality is 68%. Anemia occurs in 35.2% of subjects, and the most morphological features of erythrocytes were normochromic normocytic (72.2%). Bivariate analysis with the Chi-Square test showed p = 0.028 (p < 0.05) on the relationship between sleep quality and hemoglobin levels and p = 0.037 (p < 0.05) on the relationship between sleep quality and erythrocyte index. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between sleep quality with hemoglobin levels and erythrocyte index in medical students at Nusa Cendana University.
Gambaran Epidemiologis Tuberkulosis Paru Periode 2020-2021 di Puskesmas Kecamatan Cempaka Putih dan Tinjauannya Menurut Pandangan Islam
Authors: Mustika Alamanda Dinda , Maulidya Sari Siti , Arsyad Muhammad
Published: March 2023

Pulmonary tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Based on the 2018 Riskesdas, Central Jakarta has the highest prevalence in DKI Jakarta Province. This research is a descriptive quantitative study using medical record data on the incidence of pulmonary TB at the Cempaka Putih District Health Center in the period 2020 to 2021 using a sampling technique with total sampling approach. From the results of the study, it was found that the most were in the age category of 15-35 years (55.7%) and the least were in the category <15 years (10.3%). Male sex 54 people (55.7%) and female sex 43 people (44.3). The residence of the patients was 80 people (82.5%) in the Cempaka Putih District and 17 people (17.5%) outside the Cempaka Putih District area. Most were diagnosed from January to April 2020 (23.7%), and there were 3 patients with pulmonary TB who were reactive with HIV. The incidence of pulmonary TB patients was 97 people with 44 people (45.4%) diagnosed in 2020 and 53 people (54.6%) diagnosed in 2021. The highest incidence of pulmonary TB was in the age group 15-35 years (55.7 %), male sex (55.7%), living with TB sufferers in the Cempaka Putih District area (82.5%), most were diagnosed in January to April 2020 (23.7%), and there were 3 HIV reactive pulmonary TB patients.
Analysis of Transfer Fees in the Player Transfer System towards the Indonesian Football Industry
Authors: Fatmala Rizky
Published: March 2023

This paper wants to analyze the transfer fee mechanism for Indonesian football players in the system established by FIFA which is experiencing rapid progress. Like a business entity in general, a football club needs resources to carry out its activities. Player transfers are a very important aspect of the football business. The Federation Internationale the Football Association (FIFA) is the governing body of football in which it takes a global role in the relationship between sport and politics. Therefore, it is important to see how the transfer fee mechanism in the system established by FIFA affects the football industry in Indonesia. The paradigm used in this paper is the Liberalist paradigm, where individual freedom in liberalism helps society in developing ideas, and Neoliberalism, which is characterized by ideas that emphasize deregulation or market regulation, the non-opening of state-owned enterprises (SOEs), limited government interference, and a more open international market.
Epidemiological Description of Covid-19 for the January-July 2021 Period at the Cempaka Putih Health Center
Authors: Maharani Delia , Maulidya Sari Siti , Arsyad Muhammad
Published: March 2023

Covid-19 is a disease caused by the SARS-CoV 2 virus and is highly contagious. Central Jakarta is one of the areas with the highest Covid-19 incidence, and the Cempaka Putih Health Center is one of the health centers in the area. This study used a descriptive study with secondary data in the form of medical records at the Cempaka Putih Health Center, and total sampling was obtained. This research resulted in (16%) aged <18 years, (42.4%) aged 18-40 years, (33, 6%) aged 41-64 years, (7.3%) aged ≥65 years, and (0.6%) not recorded. (46.5%) are male and (53.4%) are female. (12.6%) are employees, (4.2%) are students, (4.2%) are traders, others (4.4%), (1%) do not work, and (77.6% ) not recorded. Place of residence (47.5%) in Cempaka Putih District, (51.8%) outside of Cempaka Putih District, and (0.7%) not recorded. (15.4%) had a history of previous illness, (24.9%) had no history of previous illness, and (59.7%) were not recorded. (3.2%) had the COVID-19 vaccine, (7.3%) had never been vaccinated against COVID-19, and (89.5%) were not recorded. The conclusion of the study is that the highest proportion was obtained (42.4%) aged 18-40 years, (53.4%) women, (12.6%) employees, residence (51.8%) outside Cempaka District Putih, (24.9) had a previous history of illness, and (7.3%) had never received the COVID-19 vaccine. In the view of Islam one must stay away from the plague, and seek to get healed.
Pelaksanaan Betekening pada Praktik Cessie di Perusahaan Pembiayaan X Kepada Bank Y
Authors: Shaan Stevan , Santoso Budi
Published: March 2023

Penelitian ini menganalisis keabsahan dari perjanjian pembiayaan konsumen antara Perusahaan Pembiayaan X dengan nasabah yang merupakan perjanjian pokok yang mendasari adanya cessie. Sebagai perjanjian pokok, keabsahan perjanjian pembiayaan konsumen ini menjadi penting dalam terjadinya praktik cessie karena cessie merupakan perjanjian accesoir dari perjanjian pembiayaan konsumen. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah metode penelitian yuridis sosiologis yang dilakukan dengan cara melakukan suatu penelitian terhadap keadaan nyata di masyarakat agar dapat menemukan fakta untuk kemudian dilakukan identifikasi dan akhirnya menuju pada penyelesaian masalah. Praktik cessie yang dilakukan oleh Perusahaan Pembiayaan X kepada Bank Y dengan menjaminkan piutang-piutang nasabah Perusahaan Pembiayaan X kepada Bank Y dengan tujuan untuk memperoleh dana kembali dalam waktu yang cepat untuk disalurkan lagi sebagai pembiayaan kepada nasabah lain dan untuk biaya operasional dari perusahaan pembiayaan sendiri. Oleh karena Perusahaan Pembiayaan X membutuhkan dana dalam waktu yang cepat dan karena banyaknya nasabah, maka praktik cessie tersebut dilakukan tanpa betekening kepada nasabah, karena jika dilakukan betekening satu per satu kepada nasabah akan membutuhkan waktu yang lebih lama. Hal itu tentunya tidak sesuai dengan Pasal 613 KUHPerdata. Oleh sebab itu, dalam penelitian ini disarankan pembuatan pengaturan lebih lanjut mengenai cessie agar lebih sesuai dan aplikatif bagi perusahaan pembiayaan, sementara sebelum adanya pengaturan itu, Perusahaan Pembiayaan X tetap harus melakukan betekening satu per satu kepada nasabah agar memberikan kepastian bagi nasabah untuk membayar kepada kreditur yang tepat.
Diel R, Nienhaus A. Rapid Point-of-Care Influenza Testing for Patients in German Emergency Rooms – A Cost-Benefit Analysis
Authors: Diel Roland , Nienhaus Albert
Published: March 2023

Background: Each year, influenza causes significant morbidity and death worldwide and produces significant economic losses at the expense of the healthcare system. Objective: To assess the cost-benefit relationship of implementing a rapid point-of-care (POC) influenza test in emergency rooms (ERs) of German hospitals. Methods: A deterministic decision-analytic model simulated the incremental costs of using the Sofia® Influenza A+B test compared to those of using clinical judgement alone to confirm or exclude influenza in adult ILI (influenza-like illness) patients in German ERs prior to hospitalization. Direct costs, with and without subsequent oseltamivir treatment, were evaluated from the hospital perspective as well as indirect costs incurred by nosocomial influenza transmission to hospital employees. Results: In base-case analysis, taking the influenza prevalence of 25.9% in the season 2018/2019 and assuming a hospitalization rate among influenza suspects of 21.9%, rapid testing with the Sofia® followed by administering oseltamivir to patients testing positive reduced average costs of hospitalized ILI patients by €52.16 per tested patient. If oseltamivir was not offered, testing with the Sofia® reduced costs by €42.28 in favor of the hospital. In probabilistic sensitivity analysis, under all reasonable assumptions, implementing the Sofia® saved on average €119.89 as compared to applying the clinical-judgement-only strategy. The major part of the cost savings, €113.17 or 94.4%, was due to the POC test´s high specificity, which led to 91% reduction in needless bed-blocking on the first day of hospitalization. However, as the sensitivity of 75.3% was only slightly higher than that of conventional clinical judgement, improved classification of patients with true influenza and a correspondingly lower rate of illness in hospital employees could not be achieved. Conclusions: Using highly specific rapid POC influenza tests in ILI patients at German ER, despite their sub-optimal sensitivity, may significantly reduce hospital expenditures.
INTERLEUKIN-6 AND NKG2D AS PROGNOSTIC FACTORS IN IRAQI FEMALES WITH PITUITARY GAND ADENOMA: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY
Authors: Alfadhel Samar Muayad , Abeid Samir Taha , Hadi Najah Rayish
Published: March 2023

The aim: To assess the role of circulating IL-6 & NKG2D in the prognosis of pituitary adenoma.
Materials and methods: Thirty female with new diagnosis of prolactinoma (pituitary gland adenoma) were enrolled in the study. ELISA test was used to evaluate the level of IL6 and NKG2D. ELISA tests were conducted before the initiation of treatment and six months later.
Results: There are significant differences in mean levels of IL-6 and NKG2D, and the anatomical type (tumor size) (-418.7 & 418.9, p<0.001) of anatomical tumor (-373.72 & -373.920, p=0.001). There is a significant difference between the two immunological markers (IL-6 & NKG2D) (-0.305; p<0.001). The IL-6 markers significantly decreased in means on follow up (-197.8; p-value≤0.0001) while the reverse occur in NKG2D, which increased in levels post-treatment compared with baseline measurement. The high expression of IL-6 positively correlated with the risk of macroadenoma (>10 microns) and poor resonse to treatment and vice versa (p<0.024). High expression of NKG2D significantly (p<0.005) correlated with good prognosis and increased chance for tumor response to medicine and shrinkage in size compared with low concentration.
Conclusions: The higher the level of IL-6, the larger the size of adenoma (macroadenoma) and the poorer the response to treatment. The higher the level of NKG2D indidcate a better prognosis, therefore, IL-6 and NKG2D correlate negatively in prolactinoma patients.
ANALYSIS THE METABOLIC STATUS OF PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE AND NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE DEPENDING ON BODY MASS INDEX
Authors: Maksymets Tetiana , Sorochka-Sirko Mariia , Bondarenko Olha , Karpyshyn Natalia , Bochar Olesja , Bochar Volodymyr , Sklyarov Eugen
Published: March 2023

The aim: To analyze the metabolic status of patients with coronary artery disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease depending on body mass index.
Materials and methods: The cohort of patients included 107 people with coronary artery disease (CAD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and over¬weight (n=56) or obesity (n=51). In all patients glucose, insulin, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, hsCRP, transaminases, creatinine, urea, uric acid, lipid profile, anthropometric parameters and ultrasound elastography were measured.
Results: During the analysis of serum lipid spectrum in patients with obesity: lower levels of HDL and higher TG concentration compared with patients who had overweight. The insulin level was almost twice as high as in patients with overweight and the HOMA-IR index was 3.49 (2.13;5.78), where as in patients with overweight it was 1.85 (1.28;3,01), p<0.01. In patients with coronary artery disease and overweight, the of hsCRP was 1.92 (1.18;2.98) mg/l and was significantly different from the hsCRP level in obese patients, which was 3.15 (2.64;3.66) mg/l, p=0,004.
Conclusions: In patients with coronary artery disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and obesity, the metabolic profile was characterized by a more unfa¬vorable lipid spectrum: lower levels of HDL and higher triglicerid concentration. Carbohydrate metabolism in obese patients included disorders such us impared glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. There was also a correlation between body mass index with insulin and glycated hemoglobin. Higher concentration hsCRP in obese compared with patients with overweight was observed. This confirms the role of obesity in the patogenesis of coronary artery disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and systemic inflammation.
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF SALMONELLA TYPHI CARRIER ASSOCIATED WITH GALL BLADDER CHRONIC INFECTION IN AL-NAJAF PROVINCE
Authors: Al-Turaihi Thanaa Shams Aldeen , Mubark Hawraa Ameer , Hadi Zainab Jabber , Akool Mohammd Abdzad , Al-Nafak Rana Talib
Published: March 2023

The aim: This study was undertaken to identify antibiotic resistance of Salmonella Typhi in specimens of gall bladder tissue after cholecystectomy.
Materials and methods: Salmonella Typhi identification from the isolates have been depended on morphology of the colony and biochemical tests as a first step in identification while final identification has been achieved by the automated VITEK-2 compact system then PCR technique.
Results: Depending to finding via the VITEK tests and PCR technique and thirty-five Salmonella Typhi sample have been obtained. This research shown that about 35 (70%) positive result contains, 12 (34.3%) isolates was positive from stool and 23(65.7%) from gall bladder tissue. The results revealed difference in S. Typhi resistance to some antibiotics, where S. Typhi has wide-ranging sensitivity: 35 (100%) to Cefepime, Cefixime and Ciprofloxacin and revealed great sensitivity 22 (62.8%) to Ampicillin. S. Typhi isolates proved extremely resistant 19 (54.2%) and 25 (71.4%) to Trimethoprim/Sulphamethoxazole and Chloramphenicol respectively. Increment in the rate of Salmonella that has multidrug resistance to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, furazolidonecotrimoxazole, streptomycin, and tetracycline is a developing problem and worldwide worry matte.
Conclusions: Resistant forms of Salmonella enteric serotype Typhi were detected with increment in the rate of multidrug resistance to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and tetracycline so currently, Cefepime, Cefixime and Ciprofloxacin and revealed great sensitivity and have become the mainstay of treatment. Challenging difficult which rises in this study is the extend of Multidrug resistant strain (MDR) of S. Typhi.
ON ISSUE OF HIGH-QUALITY STOMATOLOGICAL SERVICE IN UKRAINE
Authors: Grokhotov Vadym A. , Orlova Natalia M. , Kaniura Aleksandr A. , Blagaia Anna V.
Published: March 2023

The aim: To detect the main problems regarding available high-quality stomatological service in Ukraine and define their main solutions.
Materials and methods: The authors used general scientific methods of synthesis, generalization, scientific data interpreting, systemic approach method, medical statistic method, and analysis of the activity of state and private institutions dealing with stomatological service in Ukraine. The paper is based on the materials of a representative selective study of Ukrainian households, held by the State Committee of Statistics of Ukraine to study people’s self-estimation of their health and the availability of certain medical services.
Results: Most citizens of Ukraine (60-80%) are treated in the state/public healthcare sector. Though, during the last century, a decrease in dental visits per citizen in the state and public institutions has been noted, as well as a decrease of all medical service types’ volume, offered in the mentioned institutions. In Ukraine the observed trends are represented as the decrease in the network institutions number, insufficient budgeting of state/public medical institutions, prevailing commercial characteristics of stomatological service and people’s low income, which leads to decreased affordability, and quality of medical service, thus negatively affecting people’s health.
Conclusions: The fundamental studies of the quality assessment show that the medical service requires strong structure, process quality, and result quality. The quality of medical service organization is extremely important and it should be maintained high on all levels of management and treatment processes, regarding the conditions of medical process and resources of medical organizations. Medical service should be patient-centered. To solve the problem, the entire state system of quality management is required in Ukraine.
ASSOCIATION OF SOME IMMUNOLOGICAL BIOMARKERS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS IN THI-QAR PROVINCE
Authors: Hamadi Ghaneemah Malik
Published: March 2023

The aim: The aim of this research is to evaluate some immunological biomarkers in cases of Rheumatoid arthritis and to verify their correlation with activity of disease among the population of Thi-Qar province.
Matherials and methods: This study included 45 cases of rheumatoid arthritis and 45 healthy subjects. All cases underwent complete history taking, thor¬ough clinical examination, and laboratory tests including erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), Anti-citrulline antibody (Anti-CCP) and rheumatoid factor (RF). IL-17and TNF-α blood level was measured by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. DAS-28 (Disease activity score 28) was evaluated.
Results: Serum levels TNF-α was higher in Rheumatoid arthritis patients (424.3±19.46 pg/ml) than in healthy individuals (112.7±4.73 pg/ml), and IL-17 blood levels were higher in Rheumatoid arthritis patients (233.5±241.4 pg/ml) than the healthy individuals group (47.24±49.7 pg/ml). There was significant association found among IL-17, DAS-28, CRP and hemoglobin levels.
Conclusions: In conclusion, IL-17 blood levels were significantly increased in peoples with rheumatoid arthritis than in healthy individuals. Its significant relationship with DAS-28 suggested that the level of IL-17 in serum could be important immunological biomarker for activity of disease in disease of Rheumatoid arthritis.
CORRELATION BETWEEN DIFFERENT CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND MOLECULAR SUBTYPES OF FEMALE BREAST CARCINOMA IN SOUTH REGION OF IRAQ
Authors: Shubbar Yassir Alaa Muhammed Hassan
Published: March 2023

The aim: To correlate variable clincopathological parameters with molecular subtypes of the breast carcinoma, which affect the prognosis and management of breast malignancy.
Materials and methods: In this study a total of 511 female patients with breast carcinoma were included, ranging from 32 to 85 years of age, with 35.8% premenopausal and 64.1% being post-menopausal. The sample slides were stained immunohistochemically for estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), ki67 and HER2, the tumors were graded histologically using the Nottingham criteria system.
Results: Most tumors (72.8%) ranged between 2 and 5 cm in size; the most common histological type of breast carcinoma (49.7%) was invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type, with grade 2 presented in 51.8% cases; most frequent stage at time of presentation was stage 3A, found in 39.9%; the most frequent molecular subtype was ER and/or PR+, Her2- with low proliferation rate ki67<14% subtype in 48.5%, and those group were more likely (statistically significant) to be older, have stage 3 breast cancer, present with tumor size between 2 and 5 cm and tend to be well differentiated histological grade (grade1), mostly with lymph node positive, and most likely have tumor type of invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type.
Conclusions: the most common histological type of breast carcinoma in Iraq south was invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type and most cases showed (ER and/or PR+, HER 2-, low ki67) as the most common molecular subtype.
NEPHROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF GAMMA-SECRETASE INHIBITOR ON SEPSIS- INDUCED RENAL INJURY IN MOUSE MODEL OF CLP
Authors: Ghafil Fadha Abdulameer , Majeed Sahar A. , Qassam Heider , Mardan Haider W. , Hadi Najah R.
Published: March 2023

The aim: This study was set out to assess the potential protective impact of MK0752 (a gamma secretase inhibitor) on sepsis-induced renal injury through modulation of inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways.
Materials and methods: Twenty-four Swiss-albino mice aged between eight and twelve week and weighted twenty to thirty-seven grams were randomly allocated into four groups (n=6 in each group). Sham group (laparotomy without cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), sepsis group (laparotomy with CLP), vehicle-treated group (equivalent volume of DMSO before the CLP), MK0752 treated group (5 mg/kg) single daily dose for three days before the CLP. Blood samples were used to assess the serum levels of urea and creatinine. The kidneys were used to assess tissue levels of the TNF-α, IL-10, IL-6, TNFR1, VEGF, notch1, jagged1 and tissue damage by histopathological analysis.
Results: The current study shows that pretreatment with MK0752 ameliorates the renal damage by significantly reducing the proinflammatory cytokines and notch1 signaling.
Conclusions: Taken together, these results suggest that MK0752 could be protective against the renal injury induced by sepsis through its ameliorative impact on renal architecture and modulating cytokines and Notch1 singling pathway. Further studies regarding the role of Notch signaling pathways would be worthwhile.
RISK FACTORS FOR DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY IN DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 1
Authors: Mohammed Muhannad Mahmood , Alnajim Esraa K. , Hussein Mohammed Abed Abdul , Hadi Najah R.
Published: March 2023

The aim: To find the risk factors of microalbuminuria and estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Materials and methods: One hundred ten patients of type 1 diabetes mellitus in this cross-sectional study at diabetic and endocrinology center in Al-Najaf during the period from September 2021 to March 2022. All patients were asked about sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, smoking, duration of DM type1, family history of DM type1), measured (body mass index BMI, blood pressure) and laboratory investigations done to all patients (G.U.E, s. creatinine, lipid profile, HBA1C, calculated estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) and Spot Urine Albumin-Creatinine Ratio (ACR).
Results: Out of 110 patients, 62 male and 48 female, the mean age was (22±12). The patients with microalbuminuria (ACR ≥ 30 mg/g) show statistically significant with increase HBA1C, duration of DM type 1, total cholesterol (T.C), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG) and family history of DM type 1, while there were not statistically significant with age, gender, smoking, BMI, eGFR, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and hypertension. Patients with eGFR<90mL/min/1.73m2 show statistically significant with increase HBA1C, duration of DM type1, LDL, TG, T.C, while significantly decrease in HDL and there were not statistically significant with age, gender, smoking, family history of DM type 1, BMI and hypertension.
Conclusions: The degree of glycemic control, duration of type1 (DM) and dyslipidemia were associated with increased microalbuminuria and reduced eGFR (nephropathy). Family history of DM type1 was risk factor for microalbuminuria.