bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
When the wounds heal but the soul bleeds—A lived experience narrative
Authors: Anonymous
Published: January 2024

Accessible Summary

What is known on the subject?

This paper acknowledges the profound and lasting impact of childhood abuse on substance use and homelessness.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

It underscores the inherent value and humanity of every individual, regardless of their struggles.

That a comprehensive approach to mental health care, encompassing medication, therapy and a secure environment, is imperative.

What are the implications for mental health nursing?

Early intervention and recognising individuals who suffer in silence are paramount. Mental health nurses must have the courage to ask uncomfortable questions and truly hear the unspoken words.

Mental health nurses should never underestimate the power of simply being present with someone during their darkest moments. This simple act can wield significant influence.
Microclimate explains little variation in year‐round decomposition across an Arctic tundra landscape
Authors: von Oppen Jonathan , Assmann Jakob J. , Bjorkman Anne D. , Treier Urs A. , Elberling Bo , Normand Signe
Published: January 2024

Litter decomposition represents a major path for atmospheric carbon influx into Arctic soils, thereby controlling below‐ground carbon accumulation. Yet, little is known about how tundra litter decomposition varies with microenvironmental conditions, hindering accurate projections of tundra soil carbon dynamics with future climate change. Over 14 months, we measured landscape‐scale decomposition of two contrasting standard litter types (Green tea and Rooibos tea) in 90 plots covering gradients of micro‐climate and ‐topography, vegetation cover and traits, and soil characteristics in Western Greenland. We used the tea bag index (TBI) protocol to estimate relative variation in litter mass loss, decomposition rate (k) and stabilisation factor (S) across space, and structural equation modelling (SEM) to identify relationships among environmental factors and decomposition. Contrasting our expectations, microenvironmental factors explained little of the observed variation in both litter mass loss, as well askandS, suggesting that the variables included in our study were not the major controls of decomposer activity in the soil across the studied tundra landscape. We use these unexpected findings of our study combined with findings from the current literature to discuss future avenues for improving our understanding of the drivers of tundra decomposition and, ultimately, carbon cycling across the warming Arctic.
Cold urticaria as a complication of cryotherapy in the treatment of viral warts
Authors: Reyes‐Soto Mayra A. , Perales‐González Alejandra , Rivera‐Alonso Iván Alejandro , León Ana Laura Yee‐De , Ocampo‐Candiani Jorge , Muñoz‐Garza Fania Zamantta
Published: January 2024

Cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen has been established as the first‐line treatment for pediatric patients with viral warts. Cold‐induced urticaria (CU) is a rare skin reaction triggered by cold stimuli. We present the case of a pediatric patient with viral warts who developed CU after receiving cryotherapy.
What theI Chingcan teach us about peaceful equanimity in a rapidly changing world
Authors: Paracka Daniel J. , Pynn Tom
Published: January 2024

This work explores how theI Ching(易經), orBook of Change, as an ancient wisdom text can aid in the development of peaceful equanimity, an important skill given modernity's rapidly accelerating pace of change where processes of globalization have exacerbated a sense of loss of control and climate change demands a more holistic and ecological understanding of well‐being. TheI Chingis a layered text that both predates and informs Confucianism, Daoism, and Chan Buddhism. Its relational focus contributes to the philosophic syncretism of these three teachings that constitute traditional Chinese worldviews. Its consistent advice focuses on understanding how to deal with change by exercising patience, respect, equanimity, and emotional intelligence. Given China's enormous role today, this work promotes a deeper appreciation and understanding for traditional Chinese values that can strengthen international relations wherein ecological and social justice form the foundation for well‐being.
Co-deposition of bismuth-nitrogen films on MgO (001) by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Shrestha Ashok , Abbas Ali , Ingram David C. , Smith Arthur R.
Published: January 2024

We attempted to grow a thin film of BiN by co-deposition of bismuth and nitrogen on rock-salt structure MgO (001) substrates. Furthermore, we studied the effect of variation of the growth temperature and the nitrogen to bismuth flux ratios on sample growth. For the samples grown and conditions used, we do not find strong evidence for the formation of a bulk Bi-N alloy. Even for very high nitrogen to bismuth flux ratio, we observed only bismuth and no nitrogen using bulk Rutherford back-scattering spectroscopy measurements, and only 1%–2% nitrogen was seen through surface Auger electron spectroscopy measurements. The in-plane lattice measurements show that the resulting Bi (110) samples are strained, which is presumably caused by lattice mismatch between the sample and the substrate when grown without any buffer layer. The use of a high-temperature buffer layer helps to release strain in the sample but only along one axis. Measurements of the atomic layer spacing using x-ray diffraction and also scanning tunneling microscopy confirm the Bi (110) thin film sample structure.
Acute Beetroot Juice Supplementation Has No Effect on Upper- and Lower-Body Maximal Isokinetic Strength and Muscular Endurance in International-Level Male Gymnasts
Authors: Esen Ozcan , Fox Joseph , Karayigit Raci , Walshe Ian
Published: January 2024

Nitrate () has properties that can improve muscle function, leading to improvements in metabolic cost of exercise as well as enhance force production. Gymnastics is a whole-body sport, involving events that demand a high level of strength and fatigue resistance. However, the effect of supplementation on both upper- and lower-body function in gymnasts is unknown. This study examined the effect of acute beetroot juice (BRJ) supplementation on isokinetic strength and endurance of the upper- and lower-body in highly trained international-level male gymnasts. In a double-blind, randomized crossover design, 10 international-level male gymnasts completed two acute supplementation periods, consuming either 2 × 70 ml -rich (∼12.8 mmol/L of ) or -depleted (PLA) BRJ. Maximal strength of the upper-leg and upper-arm at 60°/s, 120°/s, 180°/s, and 300°/s, and muscular endurance (50 repeated isokinetic contractions at 180°/s) were assessed. Plasma (BRJ: 663 ± 164 μM, PLA: 89 ± 48 μM) and nitrite () concentrations (BRJ: 410 ± 137 nmol/L, PLA: 125 ± 36 nmol/L) were elevated following BRJ compared to PLA (both p < .001). Maximal strength of knee and elbow extensors and flexors did not differ between supplements (p > .05 for all velocities). Similarly, fatigue index of knee and elbow extension and flexion was not different between supplements (all p > .05). Acute BRJ supplementation, containing ∼12.8 mmol/L of , increased plasma and concentrations, but did not enhance isokinetic strength or fatigue resistance of either upper or lower extremities in international-level male gymnasts.
The global distribution of plants used by humans
Authors: Pironon S. , Ondo I. , Diazgranados M. , Allkin R. , Baquero A. C. , Cámara-Leret R. , Canteiro C. , Dennehy-Carr Z. , Govaerts R. , Hargreaves S. , Hudson A. J. , Lemmens R. , Milliken W. , Nesbitt M. , Patmore K. , Schmelzer G. , Turner R. M. , van Andel T. R. , Ulian T. , Antonelli A. , Willis K. J.
Published: January 2024

Plants sustain human life. Understanding geographic patterns of the diversity of species used by people is thus essential for the sustainable management of plant resources. Here, we investigate the global distribution of 35,687 utilized plant species spanning 10 use categories (e.g., food, medicine, material). Our findings indicate general concordance between utilized and total plant diversity, supporting the potential for simultaneously conserving species diversity and its contributions to people. Although Indigenous lands across Mesoamerica, the Horn of Africa, and Southern Asia harbor a disproportionate diversity of utilized plants, the incidence of protected areas is negatively correlated with utilized species richness. Finding mechanisms to preserve areas containing concentrations of utilized plants and traditional knowledge must become a priority for the implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.
Mystery in the “mass gap”
Authors: Fishbach Maya
Published: January 2024

The identity of a compact astronomical object in the Milky Way is unclear
Prion science and its unsung heroes
Authors: Aguzzi Adriano
Published: January 2024

My first encounter with prion diseases dates to 1986. As a clinical resident in neuropathology, I was tasked with performing autopsies of patients who died of mysterious brain diseases. In his early 60s, my patient had developed a form of dementia that progressed at a terrifyingly rapid pace and eventually led to his death. I sampled the patient’s brain and processed it for histological examination. The microscope revealed an eerie landscape of destruction. All that was left in the patient’s cortex were astrocytes and microglia, and the few remaining neurons showed extensive vacuolation of their bodies and processes. Such blazing destruction of the brain was indicative of just one diagnosis:
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
, a spongiform encephalopathy caused by enigmatic infectious agents called prions.
Paper trail
Authors: Joelving Frederik ,   Retraction Watch
Published: January 2024

In the latest twist of the publishing arms race, firms churning out fake papers have taken to bribing journal editors
EPA scraps plan to end all testing in mammals by 2035
Authors: Grimm David
Published: January 2024

U.S. environmental agency’s hard deadline had split scientific community
Community ecological succession of endophytic fungi associates with medicinal compound accumulation in
Sophora alopecuroides
Authors: Ju Mingxiu , Zhang Qingchen , Wang Ruotong , Yan Siyuan , Zhang Qiangqiang , Li Peng , Hao Fengxia , Gu Peiwen
Published: January 2024

Endophytic fungi of medicinal plants are symbiotic with the host and play an important role in determining metabolites. To understand the relationship between the accumulation of
Sophora alopecuroides
’ medicinal bioactive compounds and the ecological succession of endophytic fungi, here we collected samples from
S. alopecuroides
at four developmental stages (adult, flowering, podding, and mature) and different organs (roots, stems, leaves, and seeds) at the mature stage. We then used high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-throughput sequencing on the internal transcribed spacer region to identify the medicinal compounds and endophytic fungal communities in each sample. The endophytic fungal community characteristics and accumulation of medicinally bioactive compounds of
S. alopecuroides
varied with the host’s developmental stages and organs, with the highest total alkaloids content of 111.9 mg/g at the mature stage. Membership analysis and network connection analysis showed a total of 15 core endophytic fungi in different developmental stages and 16 core endophytic fungi in different organs at the mature stage. The unclassified Ascomycota,
Aspergillus
, and
Alternaria
were significantly and positively correlated with the medicinal compounds of
S. alopecuroides
at the mature stage (
r
> 0.6 or
r
< −0.6;
P
< 0.05). In this study, we identified key endophytic fungal resources that affect the content of medicinally bioactive compounds in
S. alopecuroides
. This discovery could lay the foundation for enhancing the yield of medicinally bioactive compounds in
S. alopecuroides
and the development and application of functional endophytic fungi.

IMPORTANCE

Sophora alopecuroides
is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. The major medicinal chemicals are considered to be quinolizidine alkaloids. Quinolizidine alkaloids have been widely used for the treatment of tumors, dysentery, and enteritis. Previous studies have found that endophytic fungi in
S. alopecuroides
can promote the accumulation of host quinolizidine alkaloids. However, the relationship between the accumulation of
S. alopecuroides
’ medicinal bioactive compounds and the ecological succession of endophytic fungi remains unclear. In this study, we screened the key endophytic fungal resources affecting the content of medicinally bioactive compounds and laid the foundation for subsequent research on the mechanism by which endophytic fungi promote the accumulation of medicinally bioactive compounds in
S. alopecuroides
.
Selective trace elements significantly enhanced methane production in coal bed methane systems by stimulating microbial activity
Authors: Chin Kuk-Jeong , Ünal Burcu , Sanderson Michael , Aboderin Feranmi , Nüsslein Klaus
Published: January 2024

Trace elements are associated with the microbial degradation of organic matter and methanogenesis, as enzymes in metabolic pathways often employ trace elements as essential cofactors. However, only a few studies investigated the effects of trace elements on the metabolic activity of microbial communities associated with biogenic coalbed methane production. We aimed to determine the effects of strategically selected trace elements on structure and function of active bacterial and methanogenic communities to stimulate methane production in subsurface coalbeds. Microcosms were established with produced water and coal from coalbed methane wells located in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming, USA. In initial pilot experiments with eight different trace elements, individual amendments of Co, Cu, and Mo lead to significantly higher methane production. Transcript levels of
mcrA
, the key marker gene for methanogenesis, positively correlated with increased methane production. Phylogenetic analysis of the
mcrA
cDNA library demonstrated compositional shifts of the active methanogenic community and increase of their diversity, particularly of hydrogenotrophic methanogens. High-throughput sequencing of cDNA obtained from 16S rRNA demonstrated active and abundant bacterial groups in response to trace element amendments. Active
Acetobacterium
members increased in response to Co, Cu, and Mo additions. The findings of this study yield new insights into the importance of essential trace elements on the metabolic activity of microbial communities involved in subsurface coalbed methane and provide a better understanding of how microbial community composition is shaped by trace elements.

IMPORTANCE

Microbial life in the deep subsurface of coal beds is limited by nutrient replenishment. While coal bed microbial communities are surrounded by carbon sources, we hypothesized that other nutrients such as trace elements needed as cofactors for enzymes are missing. Amendment of selected trace elements resulted in compositional shifts of the active methanogenic and bacterial communities and correlated with higher transcript levels of
mcrA
. The findings of this study yield new insights to not only identify possible limitations of microbes by replenishment of trace elements within their specific hydrological placement but also into the importance of essential trace elements for the metabolic activity of microbial communities involved in subsurface coalbed methane production and provides a better understanding of how microbial community composition is shaped by trace elements. Furthermore, this finding might help to revive already spent coal bed methane well systems with the ultimate goal to stimulate methane production.
Extracellular vesicles from
Pneumocystis carinii
-infected rats impair fungal viability but are dispensable for macrophage functions
Authors: Sayson Steven G. , Ashbaugh Alan , Cushion Melanie T.
Published: January 2024

Pneumocystis
spp. are host obligate fungal pathogens that can cause severe pneumonia in mammals and rely heavily on their host for essential nutrients. The lack of a sustainable
in vitro
culture system poses challenges in understanding their metabolism, and the acquisition of essential nutrients from host lungs remains unexplored. Transmission electron micrographs show that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are found near
Pneumocystis
spp. within the lung. We hypothesized that EVs transport essential nutrients to the fungi during infection. To investigate this, EVs from
P. carinii
- and
P. murina
-infected rodents were biochemically and functionally characterized. These EVs contained host proteins involved in cellular, metabolic, and immune processes as well as proteins with homologs found in other fungal EV proteomes, indicating that
Pneumocystis
may release EVs. Notably, EV uptake by
P. carinii
indicated their potential involvement in nutrient acquisition and a possibility for using engineered EVs for efficient therapeutic delivery. However, EVs added to
P. carinii in vitro
did not show increased growth or viability, implying that additional nutrients or factors are necessary to support their metabolic requirements. Exposure of macrophages to EVs increased proinflammatory cytokine levels but did not affect macrophages’ ability to kill or phagocytose
P. carinii
. These findings provide vital insights into
P. carinii
and host EV interactions, yet the mechanisms underlying
P. carinii
’s survival in the lung remain uncertain. These studies are the first to isolate, characterize, and functionally assess EVs from
Pneumocystis
-infected rodents, promising to enhance our understanding of host-pathogen dynamics and therapeutic potential.

IMPORTANCE

Pneumocystis
spp. are fungal pathogens that can cause severe pneumonia in mammals, relying heavily on the host for essential nutrients. The absence of an
in vitro
culture system poses challenges in understanding their metabolism, and the acquisition of vital nutrients from host lungs remains unexplored. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are found near
Pneumocystis
spp., and it is hypothesized that these vesicles transport nutrients to the pathogenic fungi.
Pneumocystis
proteins within the EVs showed homology to other fungal EV proteomes, suggesting that
Pneumocystis
spp. release EVs. While EVs did not significantly enhance
P. carinii
growth
in vitro
,
P. carinii
displayed active uptake of these vesicles. Moreover, EVs induced proinflammatory cytokine production in macrophages without compromising their ability to combat
P. carinii
. These findings provide valuable insights into EV dynamics during host-pathogen interactions in
Pneumocystis
pneumonia. However, the precise underlying mechanisms remain uncertain. This research also raises the potential for engineered EVs in therapeutic applications.
Supplemental Material: Submarine hydrothermal fluids facilitated the accumulation of cadmium in Lower Cambrian black shales, South China
Authors: Zhou Zhengbing , Wen Hanjie , al. et
Published: January 2024

Data S1-1: Trace element concentrations of Early Cambrian metalliferous units. Data S1-2: Trace element concentrations of barren shales. Data S2: Elements concentrations of sphalerite of barite ores and Zn-Pb sulfide ores (in wt%). Figure S1: Stratigraphic sections of Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation in platform, slope, and basin facies from the southeastern margin of the Yangtze Block (modified from Fu et al., 2016; Wang, 2017; Shi et al., 2021). Figure S2: The stratigraphic sections of the Liuchapo Formation and the Niutitang Formation, as revealed by drill cores in the Dahebian barite deposit. Figure S3: Total organic carbon (TOC) contents of Lower Cambrian metalliferous units (Ni-Mo–PGE sulfide layer—Xu et al., 2021; V-deposit—Xu et al. 2021, sulfide-bearing barite sediments—Yang et al., 2023). 
Supplemental Material: Deciphering differential exhumation in the Gangdese orogen in southern Tibetan using exposed porphyry alteration systems and geomorphic analysis
Authors: Fu hanze , Wang Rui , et al.
Published: January 2024

Recently discovered mineral deposits in the western Gangdese, published low temperature thermochronology ages, characteristics of the ASTER dataset, mineral mapping results of the Gangdese, and other supporting materials mentioned in the manuscript.
Supplemental Material: Tephra zircon U-Pb geochronology of kimberlite maar sedimentary fills in subarctic Canada: Implications for Eocene paleoclimate and Late Cretaceous paleogeography
Authors: Buryak Serhiy D. , et al.
Published: January 2024

The Supplemental Material includes LA-ICP-MS/CA-ID-TIMS U-Pb zircon data, tephra glass geochemistry, glass fission-track age data, and age modeling results.
Hydrocortisone in very preterm neonates for BPD prevention: meta-analysis and effect size modifiers
Authors: De Luca Daniele , Ferraioli Sara , Watterberg Kristi L , Baud Olivier , Gualano Maria Rosaria
Published: January 2024

Objectives

To clarify if systemic hydrocortisone, in protocols allowing to start it before the 15th day of life, prevents bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or other adverse outcomes in very preterm neonates, and to identify any possible effect size modifiers.

Study design

Systematic review and meta-analysis following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Additional analyses included meta-regressions and review of biological plausibility.

Results

Seven trials were included, they were of general good quality and accounted for a total of 2193 infants. Hydrocortisone treatment did not reduce BPD (risk ratio (RR) 0.84 (95% CI 0.64 to 1.04)), but heterogeneity was evident (I2=51.6%). The effect size for BPD is greatest for 10–12 days duration of treatment (β=0.032 (0.01), p=0.007) and tended to be greater in patients with chorioamnionitis (β=−1.5 (0.841), p=0.07). Hydrocortisone treatment may significantly reduce mortality (RR 0.75 (95% CI 0.59 to 0.91)), there is no heterogeneity (I2=0) and the reduction tended to be greater in males (β=−0.06 (0.03), p=0.07). Hydrocortisone may significantly reduce necrotising enterocolitis (NEC; RR 0.72 (95% CI 0.53 to 0.92)); there is neither heterogeneity (I2=0%) nor any effect size modifiers. Hydrocortisone did not affect other adverse outcomes of prematurity.

Conclusions

Systemic hydrocortisone may be considered, on a case-by-case evaluation, to reduce mortality and NEC, while it does not affect BPD. There are some potential effect size modifiers for mortality and BPD which should be addressed in future explanatory trials.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42023400520.
Predictors of dysphagia screening and pneumonia among patients with intracerebral haemorrhage in China: a cross-sectional hospital-based retrospective study
Authors: Deng Yong-Mei , Sun Jin-Ju , Gu Hong-Qiu , Yang Kai-Xuan , Wang Yong-Jun , Li Zi-Xiao , Zhao Xing-Quan
Published: January 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate factors associated with undergoing dysphagia screening (DS) and developing pneumonia, as well as the relationship between DS and pneumonia in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH).

Design

Our study was a cross-sectional hospital-based retrospective study.

Study design and settings

We derived data from the China Stroke Centre Alliance, a nationwide clinical registry of ICH from 1476 participating hospitals in mainland China. To identify predictors for pneumonia, multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify patient characteristics that were independently associated with DS and pneumonia.

Participants

We included 31 546 patients in this study with patient characteristics, admission location, medical history, hospital characteristics and hospital grade from August 2015 to July 2019.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The primary outcomes were DS and pneumonia during acute hospitalisation.

Results

In total, 25 749 (81.6%) and 7257 (23.0%) patients with ICH underwent DS and developed pneumonia. Compared with patients without pneumonia, those who developed pneumonia were older and had severe strokes (Glasgow Coma Scale 9–13: 52.7% vs 26.9%). Multivariable analyses revealed that a higher pneumonia risk was associated with dysphagia (OR, 4.34; 95% CI, 4.02 to 4.68), heart failure (OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.24 to 2.77) and smoking (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.12 to 0.20). DS was associated with lower odds of pneumonia (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.95).

Conclusion

Our findings further confirm that dysphagia is an independent risk factor for pneumonia; one-fifth of patients with ICH did not undergo DS. However, comprehensive dysphagia evaluation and effective management are crucial. Nursing processes ensure the collection of complete and accurate information during evaluation of patients. There is a need to increase the rate of DS in patients with ICH, especially those with severe stroke or older. Further, randomised controlled trials are warranted to determine the effectiveness of DS on clinical outcomes.
Use of sacubitril/valsartan early after CABG
Authors: Nurzhanova Madina , Musagaliyeva Aisulu , Zhakypova Raushan , Senkibayeva Daniya , Rakisheva Amina
Published: January 2024

Background

Heart failure (HF) remains a major public health problem with a high mortality and morbidity worldwide. Currently, there is no optimal revascularisation strategy for patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy despite suggestions that coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) may be superior to medical therapy in improving survival. However, CABG may be associated with substantial risk in HF subjects. We therefore aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the early initiation of sacubitril/valsartan in haemodynamically stabilised patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) after early CABG.

Methods

This was an open-label study in which ~80 patients after CABG were randomised either to the early or late initiation of the sacubitril-valsartan. The study included patients >40 years with left ventricular ejection fraction <45% and New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II–IV at the early stage after CABG. Patients underwent intervention, the starting dose of sacubitril/valsartan (24/26 mg or 49/51 mg two times per day). The follow-up took place every 4 weeks except the first visit, which took place in 2 weeks after initiation. The primary endpoint assessed the key safety outcomes, the secondary endpoints were: the quality of life measured, the N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) changes and 6 min walk test (6MWT).

Results

In total, 83 patients were screened and 77 patients were enrolled. The majority of patients (84.4%) were in the NYHA class III at randomisation. The number of patients who discontinued the study was low in both groups (2.5%, 5.2%), and renal function, hyperkalaemia and symptomatic hypotension rarely seen in both groups did not differ significantly. The improvement in quality of life and distance at the 6MWT in both groups was significant (p<0.001). The NT-proBNP concentration decreased in both groups, the significant reduction was in the early group (p<0.001) versus the postdischarge group.

Conclusions

The early initiation of sacubitril/valsartan in patients after CABG with HFrEF is safe and effective. Adverse events and permanent discontinuation were low. The NT-proBNP concentration reduced significantly with the early in-hospital initiation.
A novel statistical approach to deal with spatial bias in maturity ogive estimation
Authors: Cousido-Rocha Marta , Izquierdo Francisco , Martínez-Minaya Joaquín , Pennino M. Grazia , Mendes Hugo , Silva Cristina , Silva Andreia V. , Saínza María , Cerviño Santiago
Published: January 2024

The proportion of mature fish at length is one of the most important population attributes when evaluating reproductive potential for fish stock assessment purposes. Bias in maturity ogive parameters can lead to fishery management decisions based on misspecified biological reference points. These parameters can vary spatially and temporally, and this variability should be understood and included in the assessment models. However, integrating this variability becomes challenging when specific spatial-dependent ogives cannot be used in the stock assessment model. Hence, this study proposes a novel use of a multivariate response Bayesian regression model, employing an integrated nested Laplace approximation to estimate a single global maturity ogive using data from various spatial areas. This model explicitly accounts for differences in the sampling process and combines information from different areas to estimate shared maturity ogive parameters using joint-likelihood procedures. The model is applied to the European hake stock in ICES (International Council for the Exploration of the Sea) Divisions 27.8.c and 27.9.a, serving as a practical guide. In this model, we have considered different predictors to handle the relationship between the probability of being mature and the length and year covariates. Our results suggest that the logistic formulation correctly captures the relationship between the probability of being mature and length. For year variability, including a year factor covariate or year random effect in the predictor model produces similar values of goodness of fit measures.
Particle production by a relativistic semitransparent mirror of finite size and thickness
Authors: Lin Kuan-Nan , Chen Pisin
Published: January 2024

Production of massless scalar particles by a relativistic semitransparent mirror of finite transverse size and longitudinal thickness in (1+3)D flat spacetime is studied. The derived particle spectrum formula is applied to two specific trajectories. One is the gravitational collapse trajectory invoked in (1+1)D perfectly reflecting moving mirror literature to mimic Hawking radiation, and the other is the plasma mirror trajectory proposed to be realizable in future experiments. It is found that the finiteness of the transverse size leads to diffraction, while the nontrivial thickness amplifies the production rate. We also estimated the particle yield as $$\sim 3000$$

∼
3000

in a 20-day data acquisition based on the parameters invoked in the proposed AnaBHEL experiment.
Investigation of hidden symmetry in AdS5 black hole with Heun equation
Authors: Sadeghi Jafar , Afshar Mohammad Ali S. , Alipour Mohammad Reza , Gashti Saeed Noori
Published: January 2024

Investigating the existence of algebra and finding hidden symmetries in physical systems is one of the most important aspects for understanding their behavior and predicting their future. Expanding this unique method of study to cosmic structures and combining past knowledge with new data can be very interesting and lead to discovering new ways to analyze these systems. However, studying black hole symmetries always presents many complications and sometimes requires computational approximations. For example, checking the existence of Killing vectors and then calculating them is not always an easy task. It becomes much more difficult as the structure and geometry of the system become more complex. In this work, we will show that if the wave equations with a black hole background can be converted in the form of general Heun equation, based on its structure and coefficients, the algebra of the system can be easily studied, and computational and geometrical complications can be omitted. For this purpose, we selected two [Formula: see text] black holes: Reissner–Nordstrm (RN) and Kerr, and analyzed the Klein–Gordon equation with the background of these black holes. Based on this concept, we observed that the radial part of the RN black hole and both the radial and angular parts of the Kerr black hole could be transformed into the general form of the Heun equation. As a result, according to the algebraic structure that governs the Heun equation and its coefficients, one can easily achieve generalized sl(2) algebra.
AI-Assisted Enhanced Composite Metric-Based Intrusion Detection System for Secured Cyber Internet Security for Next-Generation Wireless Networks
Authors: Samha Amani K. , Alshammri Ghalib H. , Attuluri Sasidhar , Suman Preetam , Yadav Arvind
Published: January 2024

The prevalence of distributed denial of service (DDoS) flooding assaults is one of the most serious risks to cloud computing security. These types of assaults have as their primary objective the exhaustion of the system’s available resources, that is, the target of the attack, in order to make the system in question unavailable to authorized users. Internet thieves often conduct flooding assaults of the kind known as DDoS, focusing primarily on the application and network levels. When the computer infrastructure is multi-mesh-geo distributed, includes multi-parallel services, and a high number of domains, it may be difficult to detect assaults. This is particularly true when a substantial number of domains are present. When there are a big number of independent administrative users using the services, the situation gets more complicated. The purpose of this body of research is to identify signs that may be utilized to detect DDoS flooding assaults; this is its main objective. As a result, throughout the course of our study, we established a composite metric that considers application, system, network, and infrastructure elements as possible indicators of the incidence of DDoS assaults. According to our research, DDoS assaults may be triggered by a combination of variables. Investigations of simulated traffic are being conducted in the cloud. High traffic may be the result of flooding assaults. The composite metric-based intrusion detection system will be the name of a one-of-a-kind intrusion detection system (IDS) that has been agreed upon ICMIDS. This system will use [Formula: see text]-Means clustering and the Genetic Algorithm (GA) to detect whether an effort has been made to flood the cloud environment. CMIDS employs a multi-threshold algorithmic strategy in order to identify malicious traffic occurring on a cloud-based network. Cisco has created this technology. This strategy necessitates a comprehensive investigation of all factors, which is crucial for assuring the continuation of cloud-based computing-based activities. This monitoring system involves the development, administration, and storage of a profile database, denoted as Profile DB. This database is used for recording and using the composite metric for each virtual machine. The results of a series of tests are compared to the ISCX benchmark dataset and statistical settings. The results indicate that ICMIDS has a reasonably high detection rate and the lowest false alarm rate in the majority of situations examined during the series of tests done to validate and verify its efficacy. This was shown by the fact that ICMIDS had the lowest false alarm rate among all examined conditions.
Deep Learning Modified Reinforcement Learning with Virtual Machine Consolidation for Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation in Cloud Computing
Authors: Dutta Chiranjit , Rani R. M. , Jain Amar , Poonguzhali I. , Salunke Dipmala , Patel Ruchi
Published: January 2024

Cloud computing has attracted significant attention because of the growing service demands of businesses that outsource computationally intensive tasks to the data center. Meanwhile, the infrastructure of a data center is comprised of hardware resources that consume a great deal of energy and release harmful levels of carbon dioxide. Cloud data centers demand massive amounts of electrical power as modern applications and organizations grow. To prevent resource waste and promote energy efficiency, virtual machines (VMs) must be dispersed over numerous physical machines (PMs) in a data center in the cloud. The actual allocation of VMs to PMs can involve more complex decision-making processes, such as considering the resource utilization, load balancing, performance requirements, and constraints of the system. Advanced techniques, like intelligent placement algorithms or dynamic resource allocation, may be employed to optimize resource utilization and achieve efficient VM distribution across multiple PMs. Cloud service suppliers aim to lower operational expenses by reducing energy consumption while offering clients competitive services. Minimizing large-scale data center power usage while maintaining the quality of service (QoS), especially for social media-based cloud computing systems, is crucial. Consolidating VMs has been highlighted as a promising method for improving resource efficiency and saving energy in data centers. This research provides deep learning augmented reinforcement learning (RL)-based energy efficient and QoS-aware virtual machine consolidation (VMC) approach to meet the difficulties. The proposed deep learning modified reinforcement learning-virtual machine consolidation (DLMRL-VMC) model can motivate both cloud providers and customers to distribute cloud infrastructure resources to achieve high CPU utilization and good energy efficiency as measured by power usage effectiveness (PUE) and data center infrastructure efficiency (DCiE). The suggested model, DLMRL-VMC, offers a VM placement approach based on resource usage and dynamic energy consumption to determine the best-matched host and VM selection strategy, Average Utilization Migration Time (AUMT). Based on AUMT, deep learning modified reinforcement learning (DLMRL) will choose a VM with a low average CPU utilization and a short migration time. The DLMRL-VMC Energy-efficient, Resource Allocation strategy is evaluated on the trace of the CloudSim VM to attain good PUE and CPU utilization.
Tesla Stock Prediction Based on Twitter Comments’ Sentiment Feature Extraction and Ensemble Networks
Authors: Cao Zilan , Hu Senyao , Cao Hangyu , Tao Zheng
Published: January 2024

As people become more aware of environmental issues, Tesla, a pillar of the global electric vehicle market, has become a hot commodity in recent years. The prediction of Tesla’s share price is also a hot topic in the investment market. This experiment extracts sentiment factors of tweets about Tesla’s comments, combined with Tesla’s historical stock price as the dataset for training, testing and inspection. This experiment builds time series prediction models based on LSTM, XGBoost and RF algorithms to predict Tesla’s stock price, and evaluates the prediction effectiveness of the three algorithms based on the fit and error of the prediction results. The analysis of the data shows that XGBoost has the best fit and the lowest error among the three algorithms, and that the sentiment factor has its unique utility as raw data. The experimental results also empirically demonstrate the applicability of sentiment factor analysis and the three algorithms LSTM, XGBoost and RF in the field of stock price prediction.
Effect of urbanization on groundwater resources hydrodynamics and bearing capacity: a case study from the Bayraklı region, İzmir, Türkiye
Authors: Öztürk Bahadir , İşbuğa Volkan , Bilgiç Esra , Baba Alper
Published: January 2024

The bearing capacity of soil is a critical factor in the design of foundations for civil engineering structures. The bearing capacity depends on soil properties, as well as the location of the water table. A rise in the groundwater level can be dramatic, especially in highly urbanized regions, and can affect the bearing capacity of foundations. In this study, groundwater-level fluctuations in a highly urbanized region in İzmir, the third largest city in Türkiye, was monitored over a 1 year period, and its effect on reducing the bearing capacity, which is not considered in foundation design and construction, was investigated. For this purpose, four observation wells equipped with groundwater data loggers were used to determine the variations in groundwater level over 1 year. Using the Terzaghi approach to calculate the bearing capacity, normalized bearing capacity plots for various foundation width/depth (
B
/
D
f
) ratios were generated for all four observation wells. Remarkable bearing capacity changes of 10.94, 8.21, 7.62 and 9.29% were observed in four different observation wells (OW-1, OW-3, OW-6 and OW-9, respectively). The study showed that changes in groundwater level in the region caused by urbanization poses a potential risk to the sustainability of previously constructed foundations.
Dear Diary
Authors: Neville-Neil George V.
Published: January 2024

On keeping a laboratory notebook.
Why Bother Localizing Information Technology Products?
Authors: Tray Alex
Published: January 2024

The
Communications
website, https://cacm.acm.org, features more than a dozen bloggers in the BLOG@CACM community. In each issue of
Communications
, we'll publish selected posts or excerpts.

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Follow us on Twitter at http://twitter.com/blogCACM

https://cacm.acm.org/blogs/blog-cacm

Alex Tray offers advice and insight into how and why to localize information technology products.
VesNet: A Vessel Network for Jointly Learning Route Pattern and Future Trajectory
Authors: Jiang Fenyu , Wang Huandong , Li Yong
Published: January 2024

Vessel trajectory prediction is the key to maritime applications such as traffic surveillance, collision avoidance, anomaly detection, and so on. Making predictions more precisely requires a better understanding of the moving trend for a particular vessel since the movement is affected by multiple factors like marine environment, vessel type, and vessel behavior. In this paper, we propose a model named VesNet, based on the attentional seq2seq framework, to predict vessel future movement sequence by observing the current trajectory. Firstly, we extract the route patterns from the raw AIS data during preprocessing. Then, we design a multi-task learning structure to learn how to implement route pattern classification and vessel trajectory prediction simultaneously. By comparing with representative baseline models, we find that our VesNet has the best performance in terms of long-term prediction precision. Additionally, VesNet can recognize the route pattern by capturing the implicit moving characteristics. The experimental results prove that the proposed multi-task learning assists the vessel trajectory prediction mission.
On the Reliability and Explainability of Language Models for Program Generation
Authors: Liu Yue , Tantithamthavorn Chakkrit , Liu Yonghui , Li Li
Published: January 2024

Recent studies have adopted pre-trained language models, such as CodeT5 and CodeGPT, for automated program generation tasks like code generation, repair, and translation. Numerous language model based approaches have been proposed and evaluated on various benchmark datasets, demonstrating promising performance. However, there is still uncertainty about the reliability of these models, particularly their realistic ability to consistently transform code sequences. This raises a question: are these techniques sufficiently trustworthy for automated program generation? Consequently, further research is needed to understand model logic and assess reliability and explainability. To bridge these research gaps, we conduct a thorough empirical study of eight popular language models on five representative datasets to determine the capabilities and limitations of automated program generation approaches. We further employ advanced explainable AI approaches to highlight the tokens that significantly contribute to the code transformation. We discover that state-of-the-art approaches suffer from inappropriate performance evaluation stemming from severe data duplication, causing overoptimistic results. Our explainability analysis reveals that, in various experimental scenarios, language models can recognize code grammar and structural information, but they exhibit limited robustness to changes in input sequences. Overall, more rigorous evaluation approaches and benchmarks are critical to enhance the reliability and explainability of automated program generation moving forward. Our findings provide important guidelines for this goal.
Investigating the Effect of Particle Sizes of SiC and Graphite on Strengthening of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Chawla Dinesh , Nayak Manoj , Gupta Pallav
Published: January 2024

The endeavour of this research work is to scrutinize the effect of reinforcement materials: Silicon Carbide (SiC) and Graphite (Gr) on the mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Si alloy (AA6061). Sample of composites were fabricated using the stir casting technique, incorporating four weight (wt.) ratio of individual reinforcement and two different sizes of the particles. SiC, a resilient ceramic and graphite were chosen as reinforcements to estimate their shared impact on the mechanical characteristics of the composite. Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite (HMMCs) were created with varying weight percentage of 4%; 3%; 2%; 1% for the above selected reinforcements separately with two combinations of the particle dimensions: System-I (SiC-25 μm and Graphite-75 μm) and System-II (SiC-5 μm and Graphite-25 μm). Mechanical characterization of composite samples including hardness, wear rate, compressive strength, was analyzed for both System-I and System-II. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was employed for microstructure analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) for phase identifications. Mechanical characterization revealed both System-I & II with uniform dispersion of reinforcement particles. System-I exhibited higher density and lower wear resistance compared to System-II under all load conditions.
Acute Toxicity and Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Kyllinga polyphylla Willd. ex Kunth, Cyperaceae Family
Authors: Nguyen Van-Ay , Phung Thi-Hang , Kieu Thi-Diem-Trang , Nguyen Trong-Hong-Phuc
Published: January 2024

Kyllinga polyphylla Willd. ex Kunth. (KP) is a wild herb commonly distributed in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. This study was carried out to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activities and acute toxicity of KP before conducting studies at the in vivo level. All parts of KP had the free radical scavenging capacity of DPPH, in which the root methanol extract had the best antioxidant capacity (EC50 = 9.54 ± 0.37 μg/mL). Most of the extracts had a wide range of antibacterial spectra. The methanol and ethanol extracts (200 mg/mL) have ability to resist eight common bacterial strains (including Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria innocua, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus faecalis), which is equivalent to the antibacterial activity of amoxicillin and tetracycline at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. KP extracts did not cause death at a dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight and did not significantly change the biochemical, hematological, as well as histological structures of internal organs in toxicity-tested mice in comparison with the control. The research results showed that KP should be more interested in research that supports disease treatment, synthetic extraction of antibiotics, or other in vivo studies.