bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
READINESS OF DAKWAH INSTITUTIONS FACING THE MILLENNIAL ERA
Authors: Hanif Muhammad , Agusman Agusman
Published: December 2022

Research Objectives: To determine the preparation of da'wah institutions in facing the millennial era. Research Methods: Qualitative. Research Results: The six da'wah institutions that the author has researched (Dewan Da’wah Islamiyah Indonesia, Persatuan Islam (PERSIS), IKADI, Hidayatullah, Wahdah Islamiyah, and University of Da’wah Mohammad Natsir (STID MOHAMMAD NATSIR) state that they are ready and even each of them has developed strategies and concrete steps to preach and guide people in this millennial era.

Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mengetahui kesiapan lembaga dakwah dalam menghadapi era milenial. Metode Penelitian: Kualitatif. Hasil Penelitian: Keenam lembaga dakwah yang penulis teliti (Dewan Da’wah Islamiyah Indonesia, Persatuan Islam (PERSIS), IKADI, Hidayatullah, Wahdah Islamiyah, and University of Da’wah Mohammad Natsir (STID MOHAMMAD NATSIR) menyatakan siap bahkan masing-masing telah menyusun strategi dan langkah konkrit untuk berdakwah dan membimbing umat di era milenial ini.
CONCEPTS OF RELIGION AND RELIGIOUS FLOWS (Study of Epistemology and Theory of Religion and the Heresy of the Shia sect) In the view of Islam Ahlu Sunnah wal Jama'ah)
Authors: Arif Muhammad Khairan
Published: December 2022

This paper aims to explain and explain the concept and position of religion in human life, that religion is belief and submission to the teachings of Allah and His Messenger, so that religion is different from other cultures, organizations and human creations. Religion must have a standard of truth that is recognized and agreed upon by consensus, in order to be safe from fraud and misdirection. This paper also explains and exposes the heresies of sects and sects in Islam according to the standards and scales of the Qur'an, A-Sunnah and the views of the Companions ra. So that Muslims are protected from the misguidance of these religious sects.

The method of writing this paper uses descriptive, historical and comparative methods with a study approach to classical and modern Islamic literates, then compares them with the reality of the context of religion and diversity in the lives of Muslims today.

Paper ini bertujuan menjelaskan dan memaparkan konsep dan posisi agama dalam kehidupan manusia, bahwa agama adalah keyakinan dan ketundukkan pada ajaran-ajaran Allah dan RasulNya, sehingga agama berbeda dengan budaya, organiasi dan ciptaan manusia lainya. Agama harus memiliki standar kebenaran yang diakui dan disepakati secara consensus, agar selamat dari penyelewengan dan penyesatan. Paper ini juga menjelaskan dan menyingkap kesesatan sekte-sekte dan aliran-aliran dalam Islam sesuai standar dan timbangan Al-Qur’an, A-Sunnah serta pandangan Para Sahabat ra. Sehingga umat Islam terhindar dari kesesatan aliran-aliran keagamaan tersebut.

Metode penulisan paper ini menggunakan metode Deskriptif, Historis dan Komparatif dengan pendekatan studi terhadap literatus-literatus Islam Klasik dan modern, kemudian menkomparasikannya dengan realitas konteks agama dan keberagamaan dalam kehidupan umat Islam saat ini
ROLES AND CHALLENGES OF MUSLIM WOMEN IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTHCARE SECTOR IN NASARAWA STATE
Authors: Ahmad Hashiya , Liman Sa’adatu Hassan
Published: December 2022

The paper examines the role and challenges of Nigeria women in the development of the health sector, focusing on Muslim women of Nasarawa state, Nigeria. Women assist in the provision of healthcare; they play roles which complement those of men. Some women are physicians’ that is medical doctors, nurses and top hospital administrators. Women however are mostly concentrated in the low status health-related occupations such as hospital maids, nurses, and other paramedical jobs. The paper begins by conceptualising some basic concepts such as health sector and women for a better understanding. This is followed by the geographical location of the Nasarawa state. This study also assesses the roles of Muslim women in the health sector both in the conventional and in traditional. These include supportive systems to help women realise their professional or career goals. Interview and desk review were adopted as method of data collection for the research, where in-depth interview was conducted with some personalities. It is concluded in the paper that there is the need for sensitization of the Muslim community in the state on importance of Muslim women involvement in the healthcare profession.
Uncovering Metalanguage in Grammar Exam and Its Implication on Students' Cognition
Authors: Rizqan Muhammad Dhika Arif , Rohmah Dewi Wardah Mazidatur
Published: December 2022

As language scholars, have you heard the word ‘metalanguage’? and how about the effect of using metalanguage? The current study aimed to investigate the categories of metalanguage in grammar exam. A total of 17 master students in TEFL were voluntarily recruited as the subjects. Their exams were analyzed in detail to collect the data. The researchers conducted a qualitative inquiry called content analysis. The result exposed that the students produced two categories of metalanguage namely technical and non-technical metalanguage. Based on its frequency, technical metalanguage was produced much more frequently than non-technical metalanguage. Both categories of metalanguage affected students’ cognition. However, technical metalanguage ‘drained’ their cognition a lot more while they were not aware about it.
Investigating the Effect of Picture Story Book on Grade Ten Students’ Reading Comprehension Ability
Authors: Amalia Sixteen , NA Alimatun , Zharkasih Enci
Published: December 2022

As a foreign language, some students still get some difficulties to learn English, especially in English Reading. An attractive media such as Picture Story Book is expected to develop the students reading comprehension ability. The research method that was used in this research was true experimental and the research design was pot test only control group design. To gather the data the researcher used instrument in the form of multiple choice 30 questions. The samples of this research was grade ten consisting 66 students, which is taken from the population by using cluster random sampling technique. The students are divided into two classes, 33 in experimental class and 33 in control class. The students of experimental class were taught by using Picture Story Book while the control class were taught without Picture Story Book. The analysis used SPSS based independent sample T-Test Formula produced significance 0.000 since the significance (2-tailed) value was smaller than (<) Alpha 0.05 Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. Accordingly the research concludes that there is significant effect of using Picture Story Book on Grade Ten Students’ Reading comprehension at MAN 9 Jakarta in the academic year 2019/2020
Analysing The Effectiveness Of An Extensive Reading On Grade Eleven Students’ Reading Comprehension
Authors: Alfiani Rafikah , Astiyandha Tauricha
Published: December 2022

This research is about the Extensive Reading Strategy to interest Students in reading comprehension. Extensive Reading is reading as much as possible that the material of the text not be chosen by the teacher, but the students can choose the title of the books, novel by themselves. The researcher believes that this strategy can make the students more interested in learning English, especially in reading comprehension. This research did about two months in SMA PELITA TIGA NO. 3 Jakarta. The population of this research consists of 120 students sitting in four classes. The samples of the research were taken by the means of cluster random sampling from the population, class XI IPS 2 as the control class and XI IPA 1 as the experimental class, with the total sample number of 60 students consisted of 30 students each class. The adopted research methodology was quasi-experimental research, with the research design post-test only control group design. To collect data the writer used instruments of question items. The statistic method used to analyse the data was a T-test using SPSS through the testing of Null Hypotheses, which was preceded by the normality test and homogeneity test as the pre-requisite to the data analysis. The result of the test showed that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted which proves that there is significant effect of the use of Extensive Reading on grade eleven students’ Reading Comprehension at SMA PELITA TIGA NO. 3 Jakarta in the academic year of 2019/2020.
ANALYSIS OF LISTENING ENGLISH SONGS ON STUDENT'S VOCABULARY LEARNING
Authors: Suciati Kristantri , Zarkasih Enci
Published: December 2022

Listening is a skill that is acquired from birth. Meanwhile, listening to English songs is becoming a trend among young students. The purpose of this research is To analyze the English songs to enhance student's vocabulary learning at As-Syafi'iyah Islamic Senior High School 02 academic year 2020/2021. Therefore the research question is: How is the role of English songs to enhance student's vocabulary learning at As-Syafi'iyah Islamic Senior High School?

The research was conducted in August - November 2020. The research sample was 6 students of class X SMA As-Syafi'iyah 02 Bekasi academic year 2020/2021 who were selected based on a purposive sample. The research instrument uses an interview. The results of this study found that English songs have a role in the vocabulary learning of students. Listening to English songs not only makes them relax and enjoy but can also enrich their vocabulary and tell them how to pronounce a word in English.
AN ANALYSIS OF STUDENT’S READING COMPREHENSION THROUGH STUDENT TEAM ACHIEVEMENT DIVISION (STAD) TECHNIQUE
Authors: Astiyandha Tauricha Icha , Umar Afifi
Published: December 2022

This study consisted of two variables, namely the independent variable (STAD Technics) and the dependent variable (Reading Comprehension). The purpose of this study was to determine the usefulness of STAD on reading comprehension of class XI students at SMA Attaqwa 03 Bekasi. In addition, this research was conducted using qualitative data with a descriptive analysis approach. The subjects of this study were students of class XI SMA Attaqwa 03 in the 2020/2021 academic year, totaling 5 random students. Data collection was carried out through observation and interviews as instruments. The data analysis technique in this research is thematic analysis through answers to interview questions and then transcripts to get the topics that will be used as themes. The themes used were analyzed as a result of this study. Based on these data, the results showed that STAD can be used as a learning technique and improve students' reading comprehension. In addition, STAD can also be used by teachers as an effective learning technique to support teaching and learning activities.
THE USE OF CAKE APPLICATION ON STUDENTS' SPEAKING SKILL IN ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES (ESP)
Authors: Chotimah Chusnul
Published: December 2022

In a digital era, utilizing techonology as a learning media is important things.  As mentioned earlier, there are several applications to improve students' speaking skill, one of them is cake application. Speaking is one of the most important skills in learning English and a skill practiced in speaking is how to pronounce words properly and correctly. The purpose of this research is to know the use of cake application as an improvement students’ speaking skill in English for Specific Purposes (ESP). The participant are 33 college students of As-Syafi’iyah Islamic University. This research used qualitative methods and using questionnaire created using google forms and distributed via WhatsApp as the instrument to the students . From the answer of questionnaires can be conclude that students got new word with correct pronunciation and can speak fluently in ESP.
PISA DATA ANALYSIS 2018: READING DIFFICULTY LEVEL AND BULLYING TREATMENT
Authors: . Safari
Published: December 2022

The main objective of this study is to answer the following questions. Is there a relationship between the level of reading difficulties and the treatment of bullying based on PISA 2018. The research method used is a quantitative method. The data in this study uses PISA 2018 data which has been released to the public and has been permitted to be used for research development purposes. The population of this study is 15 year old students who are studying in 2018, while the sample is 15 year old Indonesian students taking the 2018 PISA test. The reason for choosing the sample is students who are taking the 2018 PISA test. The data in this study is in the form of a questionnaire that students answer. Indonesia, which is 11437 students. Based on the results of the regression analysis, the results showed that there was a relationship between the level of reading difficulty and bullying treatment based on PISA 2018 (P<0.000). The reliability of the instrument is 1.00 higher than the reliability of the person = 0.40. The conclusion is that statistically there is a relationship between the level of reading difficulty and bullying treatment based on PISA 2018. The higher the bullying treatment at school, the higher the students' reading difficulty level and vice versa.
USING CUE CARDS TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILLS
Authors: Wibowo Hanafi , Putri Dyah Eka
Published: December 2022

Abstract: The objectives of the research are to identify whether cue cards could improve students’ writing skills. This research was carried out at SMK HUTAMA Bekasi. It was conducted from July 2021 to March 2022. The subject of the research was the students of class X TKJ class. The research method was Classroom Action Research and it was conducted in two cycles. In collecting the data, the researcher used interviews, observation, diaries, document, and test. Having collected the data, the researcher analyzed them both qualitative and quantitative data. The qualitative data were analyzed using interactive model; they are data reduction, data display, and data verification. The qualitative data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics to calculate the mean scores of the pre-test, post-test 1, and post-test 2. The results of this study indicate that the cue card technique can improve students' writing skills in descriptive texts. From the aftereffects of the discussion, the researcher reasoned that in this review there was an increment in understudies' composing abilities in descriptive texts. The average pre-test and post-test scores in cycles 1 and 2 are more revealing. The average score before the students learnt by cue cards was 62, according to the pre-test computation. After treatment, the average score increased to 74 (cycle 1), while the average score of post test 2 was 82 (cycle 2).
IMPLEMENTATION OF MAQASHID SHARIA IN CONTROLLING THE GROWTH OF THE COVID-19 VIRUS
Authors: Uyuni Badrah
Published: December 2022

Abstract In English: The spread of covid-19 in Indonesia coincides with the arrival of Ramadan. In fact, apart from fasting, there are also many other religious rituals, both express and implied in Islamic teachings, which have the value of friendship. The government also issued various regulations which in fact prohibit and limit these religious activities. In fact, the MUI also supported it by issuing a fatwa. By using an interpretive subjective approach and qualitative descriptive methods, this study analyzes data in the form of normative phenomena, social values, and the use of the maqasidsyari'ah method. Conclusions obtained, Fatwa MUI is one of the sources of law and guidance for Muslims in conducting religious activities in the midst of the covid-19 pandemic; Fatwa MUI related to the prohibition and restriction of religious activities in congregation in accordance with some concepts of maqasidsyari'ah.
Utilization Instagram as an Communication Marketing Media
Authors:   Departemen Ilmu Komunikasi, Universitas Komputer Indonesia, Indonesia, A Asrul , I M Alfandy ,   Departemen Ilmu Komunikasi, Universitas Komputer Indonesia, Indonesia, Fauziah S Aufa ,   Departemen Ilmu Komunikasi, Universitas Komputer Indonesia, Indonesia
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze the use of Instagram as a communication marketing medium in utilizing the new internet media as an alternative to approach potential consumers. This study used qualitative research methods. The results of this study are the use of Instagram social media in expanding and improving the marketing communication function. Because the presence of the internet in marketing communications can help business people or marketers in carrying out marketing communications, because marketers must have a strategy to be able to take advantage of Instagram social media as a marketing medium in order to achieve their goals and target market. This research was conducted to determine the benefits of Instagram as a communication marketing medium in approaching consumers and achieving the desired target market
Projeto PIBIC (UNIR) em tradução: a categorização de culturemas da cidade de Porto Velho, RO
Authors: Nunes Giracca Mirella , Gomes Aragão Manuela
Published: December 2022

Neste trabalho, vamos expor parte da pesquisa realizada no projeto PIBIC da Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR) intitulado “A tradução dos culturemas presentes nos folhetos turísticos da cidade de Porto Velho: a (in)traduzibilidade de elementos específicos culturais”. O objetivo do artigo é mostrar e analisar a categorização de culturemas da cidade de Porto Velho, RO, tendo como base teórica principalmente os autores Nord (2016), Reiss e Vermeer (1996), Marcuschi (2008), Koch (2014) e Nobs (2006). A metodologia usada foi de cunho bibliográfico, com base em material já elaborado, e o método qualitativo para analisar os dados coletados. Por fim, os resultados obtidos até o momento dizem respeito sobretudo a culturemas que se enquadram como “Pontos Turísticos”, tanto na temática “Históricos e Culturais” quanto na “Ecológicos e Naturais”.
Possibilidades de uma Sequência Didática (SD) a partir da tradução funcional de legendas automáticas para o ensino da variação linguística em espanhol
Authors: De Oliveira Pontes Valdecy , Oliveira Pereira Livya Lea
Published: December 2022

Algumas investigações no âmbito dos Estudos da Tradução já demonstraram vantagens didáticas ao aliar a Tradução Funcionalista ao procedimento de Sequências Didáticas (SD) (LAIÑO, 2014; PEREIRA, 2016). Deste modo, neste artigo, propomos um projeto inicial de SD a partir da tradução funcional de legendas automáticas de fragmentos do filme Metegol (2013) em diferentes variedades linguísticas ao português brasileiro. Para tanto, recorremos à literatura do âmbito da Tradução Funcionalista, na perspectiva de Christiane Nord, e do procedimento de Sequências Didáticas no contexto da escola de Genebra, com adaptações propostas em Pereira (2016). O percurso metodológico desenvolvido parte de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a tradução funcional em SD, legendagem e ensino remoto para embasar a proposição de um projeto inicial de SD, adaptável ao ensino de espanhol na educação básica. A SD proposta poderá fomentar a conscientização da variação linguística do espanhol, além de possibilitar a percepção do processo tradutório envolvido na legendagem.
Visão de Dryhthelm entre história, teologia e hermenêutica
Authors: Nápoli Tiago Augusto , Cavagna Mattia
Published: December 2022

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar e discutir algumas das questões centrais acerca do chamado nascimento do Purgatório, em contexto medieval. Com base em diferentes tradições bíblicas (e.g. Ecl 9.10; Mc 9.47) e apócrifas (e.g. o “Apocalipse de Paulo”) relativas às representações do porvir, procura-se demonstrar que a concepção de uma paragem cujas penas seriam temporárias e individuais é rastreável na chamada Visão de Dryhthelm (Historia ecclesiastica gentis anglorum V.12), de autoria de Beda (c. 673 – 735). Além disso, acompanha o estudo introdutório uma tradução inédita da fonte primária citada, a partir da edição de Colgrave e Mynors (1969).
Três biografias de médicos antigos: Galeno, Hipócrates e Sexto Empírico (tradução de Suda gamma 25.1-32.4; iota 564.1-564.31; sigma 235.1-235.11; sigma, 236.1-236.2)
Authors: Brito Rodrigo Pinto de , Matsui Sussumo
Published: December 2022

Reúne-se aqui a tradução das biografias de três personalidades antigas: Galeno de Pérgamo, Hipócrates de Cós e Sexto Empírico. O texto que seguimos é o da Suda, a partir da fixação textual e edição da filóloga Ada Adler. Nosso propósito é fornecer em um único lugar as vidas traduzidas, acrescidas de notas de erudição. A seleção levou em conta dois aspectos: a notoriedade das contribuições para o avanço da medicina, no caso de Hipócrates e Galeno, e, no caso de Sexto Empírico, conhecido por seu ceticismo, seu ofício de médico.
Les tribunaux de la cour pontificale d'Avignon
Authors: Guillemain Bernard
Published: December 2022

Progressivement, surtout à partir du XIIIe siècle, le pouvoir juridictionnel des papes a donné naissance à plusieurs tribunaux. Le rôle du consistoire a diminué mais les cardinaux ont instruit et jugé eux-mêmes les causes qui leur étaient remises. L 'Audientia Sacri Palatii ou tribunal de la Rote fut saisie des contestations en matière de bénéfices : on connaît 164 auditeurs, dont 88 Français à l’époque avignonnaise ; on a conservé des recueils de Decisiones. L' Auditor litterarum contradictarum examinait les contestations bénéficiales, l’Auditeur de la Chambre, les litiges de caractère financier. La juridiction spirituelle relevait de La Pénitencerie qui, sous la direction d’un cardinal, disposait d’une chancellerie et de petits pénitenciers (penitentiarii minores) à Avignon et à Rome. Le personnel judiciaire représente une centaine de personnes à la curie au XlVe siècle.
La cathédrale et la liturgie dans le Midi de la France
Authors: Gy Pierre-Marie
Published: December 2022

The liturgical life of southern cathedrals between 1100 and 1450 raises some questions about : the disposition of the liturgical space, the baptismal function of the cathedral, the importance of the cultual staff, and the share taken by the bishop in the ceremonies. The power of the chapter in liturgical matters is significant. Around the middle of the XIIIth century, liturgy is entirely based on books. Some of the ordinaries had been written for the cathedral clergy ; others for the priests of the diocese too. Liturgical documents give us information about the general structure of the liturgical life, texts said or sung, the way of celebrating and its scenery. Clerics pray for the faithfull people and in its name. The ecclesia major expresses the mystery of the Church.
Cathédrale et liturgie des défunts. Le cas de Lavaur et de Toulouse
Authors: Bastard-Fournié Michelle
Published: December 2022

In some southern cathedrals, the liturgy of defuncts was the business of two different organizations : the Table of obits depending on the chapter and the Table (Bassin) of Purgatory, modester and linked to the parish. From the second half of the XIVth century, there were foundations of Purgatory chapels which had to be inserted in an area already occupied by other devotions. In St-Etienne of Toulouse, the chosen place, at the intersecton of the choir, of the nave and of the cloister, in the area of the cathedral devoted to the parochial service, showed that the creed in solidarity between the living and the death was inscribed in the consecrated place.
Les livres et les bibliothèques des chanoines de Rodez aux XIVe et XVe siècles
Authors: Desachy Matthieu
Published: December 2022

The Books and Libraries of Rodez’s Canons in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth centuries.

There were three places to keep books within the cathedral : the choir for liturgical books, the Treasure for precious or antique volumes and the steeple for the chapter library. The libraries of canons are quite modest -an average of ten books -and contain the same kinds of books. Most of the volumes are books of law, missals or breviaries ; on the other hand, few Bibles, and almost no writings on devoutness. Usually kept in chest, they were lent, sold or bequeathed. The most common gifts proceeded from an uncle who wished to help his nephew in a clerical career. Finally, each chapel of the cathedral contained some books that were locked in cupboards. In the late Middle Ages, Rodez’s chapter was attractive for book trading which would continue to late in the XVIth century.
La bibliothèque imaginaire d'un official à la fin du XIVe siècle et au début du XVe siècle
Authors: Gazzaniga Jean-Louis , Péralba Sophie
Published: December 2022

Les Décisions de la Chapelle toulousaine renseignent sur la méthode de travail de Jean Corsier, official de Carcassonne puis de Toulouse : il expose les questions débattues et propose une solution, en s’appuyant sur des autorités ou des précédents. Ainsi est-il possible de reconstituer la bibliothèque dont il dispose. Si certains canonistes paraissent connus seulement de seconde main, d’autres sont plus fréquemment cités -parmi lesquels des Toulousains -et quelques-uns (Jean Gaufredi, Jean d’André, Innocent IV, Guillaume Durand) fournissent un grand nombre de références. Au total, la bibliothèque de Jean Corsier comprend, sans doute, une quinzaine de livres.
Hélinand de Froidmont et la prédication cistercienne dans le Midi (1145-1229)
Authors: Kienzle Beverly Mayne
Published: December 2022

Hélinand de Froidmont et la prédication cistercienne dans le Midi (1145-1229).

Pendant la seconde moitié du douzième siècle et le premier quart du treizième, toute une succession de moines cisterciens -prédicateurs, légats, évêques et archevêques -se consacrèrent à la campagne contre l’hérésie. Hélinand, ancien trouvère devenu moine à l’abbaye beauvai-sienne de Froidmont, doit être compté parmi ces « clercs de la croisade ». Cette étude sur Hélinand s’organise autour de quatre questions principales concernant la biographie d’Hélinand, sa prédication dans le Midi, l’évidence textuelle de cette prédication, et les mentions de l’hétérodoxie dans ses autres œuvres. Des liens entre le Beauvaisis et la lutte contre l’hérésie sont mis en lumière, aussi bien que des rapports entre Hélinand et le cercle de Pierre le Chantre.
Robert d’Uzès, prédicateur
Authors: Amargier Paul
Published: December 2022

Robert of Uzès, Preacher.

Robert of Uzès, who died at the age of 33 in 1296, was a fiery orator in troubled times. Mindful above all of the poor, he vigourously contested false curates during the days of Lent 1294 or 1295. He had a sense of spectacular theatre and gestures. His marginal preaching worried those in authority, but made him into an archangel of the Word.
Des fins dernières dans les doctrines cathares
Authors: Paul Jacques
Published: December 2022

La réception du consolamentum ouvre la voie du retour de l’âme dans sa patrie d’origine. Les doctrines cathares sur ce sujet sont exposées en détail dans des œuvres languedociennes, écrites par des vaudois ou des catholiques entre 1190 et 1235. Les textes principaux sont traduits et comparés. Ils montrent que l’âme, dont le caractère céleste ne fait pas de doute est un ange. Tombée du ciel, elle y a laissé le corps de l’ange. Le retour permet de reconstituer l’unité perdue de la créature spirituelle. C’est ce que les cathares appellent résurrection, si l’on en croit Durand de Huesca. Ce parcours mouvementé s’achève par une véritable intronisation céleste. Les références aux doctrines anciennes sont nombreuses et le schéma d’ensemble est fortement marqué par la tradition gnostique.
L’Évangile à la messe et dans la prédication en France méridionale aux XIIe et XIIIe siècles
Authors: Bériou Nicole
Published: December 2022

Au sens strict, le mot « Évangile » signifie les quatre premiers livres du Nouveau Testament. Selon un rituel fortement expressif, quelques passages en sont lus solennellement pendant la messe, au cours de chaque année liturgique, le dimanche et les jours de fête. Mais cette pratique, qui induit une fragmentation des textes des Évangiles, a suscité parfois des contestations, au XIIIe siècle au moins. Au sens large, des Liturgistes considèrent aussi que le Credo, le Pater, d’autres prières encore, sont autant de « paroles évangéliques » ; et les théologiens assimilent la prédication, comme annonce de la bonne nouvelle du salut, à un « évangile », qui a fini par inclure tout l’enseignement doctrinal de l’Église. La conjonction des rites de la messe et des propos des prédicateurs a dû contribuer à enraciner l’idée, exprimée en langue vulgaire au XIIIe siècle, qu’évangile était synonyme de vérité. Mais on peut se demander jusqu’à quel point les prédicateurs sont parvenus à imposer aussi leur conviction que la « vérité d’évangile » était seulement celle qu’ils apportaient par leur lecture de l’Évangile.
L’Évangile dans la littérature en Languedoc (XIIe-XIIIe siècle)
Authors: Fasseur Valérie
Published: December 2022

Gospel in french Southern literature, XII-XIIIth centuries.

Gospels presence in french Southern literature appears more through paraphrases and allusions than quotations. Poets use them in the most different genres and contexts, not only when the works concern is in religion or eschatology, but also in order to legitimize troubadour’s ethic - fin'amor or prodigality. Sometimes, the good Word becomes too the example that poetic word wants to imitate : this give rise to some thinking on poet’s status in society and crator’s relations with the Creator. Such a practice involves a rewriting ; we also have to ask both about the author’s faithfulness to Gospels texts and the reception of therm. To rewrite suppose indeed that the poet interprets and reformulates a gospel’s excerpt, expecting it that being present in all memories, it will completely re-ermerge from a simple allusion. This process however can be impeded, the allusion being very weak or gospel’s reminiscence having becomed a literary topos.
Sub evangelica regula. Jacques de Vitry, témoin de l’«évangélisme» de son temps
Authors: Lauwers Michel
Published: December 2022

Sub evangelica regula. James of Vitry, witness of evangelism for his time.

James of Vitry († 1240), regular Canon of the Lieges chapter, bishop of Saint John of Acre and later cardinal described at length in several writings (letters and sermons which made up his History of Occident and the Life of Mary of Oignies) the evangelistic movements of the XIIth-XIIIth centuries, referring to the primitive Church and to the Life of Apostles.

The most innovative ot them were the lay penitents ones reported firstly by James of Vitry from various visited places.

In his Geography of Devotion, the south is dubbed as the place of cathar heretics. This heresy served as Vitry’s foil to the new valued forms of devotion. If James of Vitry is therefore a witness of evangelism for his time, which kind of witness was he really ?

He appaeared to be conditionned both by the ideology of the Canon Reform and by the teaching of Peter the Precentor.

The Vitry’s key notion of Evangelical rule, was the result of this dual inheritance.

This notion was used as a double instrument to the service of the Church.

The Vitry’s project had two characteristics :

- a reforming movement supported by innovative practices (cf his interest for lay devotion)

- a conservative movement in order to save the institution of the Church.
L’évangélisme des ordres mendiants en France méridionale
Authors: Paul Jacques
Published: December 2022

Gospel and Evangelism among southern mendicant orders.

Mendicant evangelism has been studied from the lives of southern friars drawn from the Gerard of Frachet Vitae fratrum and from the chronicle of the XXIV general ministers.

Commentaries underlined the important passages of these accounts. On this basis, we reached a reasonable interpretation of this literature, collected stories made up by apparitions, visions, sorceries and miracles.

These accounts destinated to the driars, depicted the internal life of the monastery not some external apostolical activities.

Dominant worries came from personnal holiness and individual salvation.

These works showed the existing spiritual solidarity amoung monks in the same monastery.

Such habits were very common, coming directly from the renewal of the regular life and its functions dating back to the Xllth century. Cloister led to Holiness.

Finally, the preponderance of these spiritual phenomenons could be connected to a greater religious inner feeling and to an imitation of the gospel from the Xllth to the XVth century.
Le réseau des studia mendiants dans le Midi (XIIIe-XIVe siècle)
Authors: Martinaud Stéphanie
Published: December 2022

Martinaud (Stéphanie), Le réseau des studia mendiants dans le Midi (XIIIe-XIVe siècle).

Les actes de chapitres généraux et provinciaux des quatre principaux ordres mendiants - Dominicains, Franciscains, Augustins et Carmes - permettent de dresser un tableau de leur système scolaire et de son fonctionnement dans les provinces du Midi de la France aux XIIIe et XIVe siècles. Les Dominicains ont le système le plus ancien, le plus développé et le mieux connu, grâce à des sources moins lacunaires que pour les autres ordres. Il est constitué de trois niveaux qui forment trois réseaux hiérarchisés d’écoles, celui des écoles conventuelles, des studia provincialia (de trois types selon les matières enseignées, artium, naturalium et Bibliae et Sententiarum), et celui des studia generalia, écoles de théologie de haut niveau formant les futurs lecteurs de l’ordre. Chaque réseau a son propre mode de fonctionnement géographique dans la province, avec des règles pas toujours claires, ni systématiques, mais qui crée un maillage de couvents-écoles visible jusqu’en 1341. Quant aux trois autres ordres mendiants, ils ont suivi le modèle dominicain et ont adopté aussi un système hiérarchisé d’écoles, mais simplifié, avec deux niveaux, le provincial et le général, malheureusement mal connus à cause du manque de sources.
Un Donat de dévotion en langue d’oc du XIIIe siècle : le Liber divini amoris
Authors: Hasenohr Geneviève
Published: December 2022

Hasenohr (Geneviève), Un Donat de dévotion en langue d’oc du XIIIe siècle : le Liber divini amoris.

Le manuscrit Egerton 945 de la British Library est un beau recueil religieux trilingue (latin, oïl et oc) confectionné vraisemblablement dans la région de Toulouse dans le premier quart du XIVe siècle. Parmi les textes qu’il contient figure une introduction à la contemplation anonyme écrite en langue d’oc dans la seconde moitié du XIIIe siècle quelque part entre Agenais et Quercy. L’enseignement, original dans son contenu comme dans sa présentation, intègre des réminiscences du Pseudo-Denys dans une construction cohérente et personnelle, dont la mise en forme rhétorique est particulièrement réussie : le cadre fictif du dialogue permet de varier l’expression avec bonheur, tandis que la transposition/moralisation d’une leçon de conjugaison centrée sur le verbe amar illustre de façon efficace les écueils et la progression de l’itinéraire spirituel. Telle quelle, cette leçon de spiritualité mystique entièrement informée par l’amour (le péché et la pénitence sont rejetés aux oubliettes) et accrochée à une métaphore grammaticale est caractéristique de la culture méridionale. A tout le moins, l’exaltation d’un amour immanent à l’ensemble de la création, qui se laisse saisir par contuition, et la médiation pédagogique du modèle grammatical n’ont-ils pas - et pourraient difficilement avoir eu - d’équivalent en France du Nord.
Diffusion et usages de la musique polyphonique mesurée (ars nova) dans le monde méridional (France du Midi, nord de l’Espagne et de l’Italie, 1340-1430)
Authors: Anheim Étienne
Published: December 2022

Anheim (Étienne), Spread and usage of rhythmic polyphony (ars nova) in the South (Southern France, Northern Spain and Northern Italy, 1340-1430).

The aim of this article is to study the spread and usage of rhythmic polyphony (ars nova) in the Southern regions - a type of music perfected in Northern France around 1320. After a hostile reception by Jean XXII (1316-1334), the region around the papal court of Avignon in the South of France seems to be since the middle of the fourteenth century, the main area for the practise and spread of this type of music. So we must try to understand the logic of its spread, using music manuscripts, in particular ms. Apt 16bis, then by studying the travels of the minstrels who mastered this learned music from cathedral chapters to grand courts. Far from being a passive phenomenon of cultural assimilation of the South by the North, it finally seems that the widespread use of the ars nova in French, Spanish and Italian courts at the end of the fourteenth century and beginning of the fifteenth century was linked with the intentional constitution of an elitist practise that contributed to enhancing the prestige of these courts, without this kind of music necessarily losing its holy vocation.
Dominique Grima, o.p., un éxégète thomiste à Toulouse au début du XIVe siècle
Authors: Morard Martin
Published: December 2022

Morard (Martin), Dominique Grima o.p., a Thomistic exegete in Toulouse at the beginning of the fourteenth century.

By order of the head of the Dominicans and encouraged by Jean XXII, Dominique Grima (c. 1274-1347) wrote his Lectura super Bibliam with the intention of making it serve as an example. Although it has never been taught at university, it is a first-rate testimony to scholastic exegesis, papal support of biblical studies and the faith the Dominicans from the South of France had in Thomas Aquinas. Its only subject was the Pentateuch and the historical books of the Bible, this second part having possibly been written after the dedicatory epistle (1319). An analysis of the text gives an idea of the documentation, contents and of what was actually taught at the studium Biblie in Toulouse between about 1313 and 1321. It reveals the intention of basing the pastoral practise intended for its audience on a direct knowledge of the Scriptures, backed up by systematic reflection, certainly dogmatic, but with a very strong moral aim. The works of Thomas Aquinas play a major role, without Grima demonstrating any particularly originality. The extant manuscripts in France, all of Southern origin, were produced at fairly close intervals of time but reflect two slightly different versions of the standard one.
Le couvent des frères Prêcheurs de Perpignan
Authors: Escarra André
Published: December 2022

The Monastery of the Friar Preachers in Perpignan.

Although it was located in Catalonia, county of Rousillon, the monastery in Perpignan belonged to the Province of Provence until the 15th century. Becoming Royal Foundation in 1243 thanks to Jaume I, Count of Barcelona-King of Aragon, the monastery was used as burial ground for the Princes of Majorca and nestled the relics of St John-the-Baptist. This explains the size, the grandeur and the beauty of the medieval edifice, which is to this day still largely preserved. The monument is a major work and an essential landmark in the knowledge of the art of building and decorating Dominican monasteries in the Province of Provence during the 13th and 14th centuries.
Bernard Gui, un hagiographe dominicain atypique ?
Authors: Dubreil-Arcin Agnès
Published: December 2022

Bernard Gui, an Atypical Dominican Hagiographer ?

As early as the 13th century, the order of the Friar Preachers stood out with the production of abridged legend books such as The Golden Legend or Summary of Saints’ Gestures and Miracles, intended for preachers. Yet, between 1312 and 1318, the master of the Dominican order ordered to Bernard Gui another book of the same kind. Gui asserted the Dominican identity by taking up the common hagiographie basis established by his predecessors. But he also stood out through his choice of a greater exhaustiveness, rejecting excessive abbreviations, as well as through an attachment to a historical vision of the world of the Chosen Ones.
Les saints honorés dans le diocèse de Lodève
Authors: Vidal Henri
Published: December 2022

La cohorte des saints honorés dans le diocèse de Lodève, dominée par Marie, comprend ensuite les saints de l’âge apostolique, des martyrs du martyrologe romain, de Gaule et d’Espagne. Deux saints du terroir occupent une place privilégiée : Guilhem de Gellone et Fulcran, évêque de Lodève. Après avoir vu comment la levatio reconnaît leur sainteté, il faut étudier les manifestations de cette sainteté, soit communes aux deux saints (offices liturgiques, miracles, reliques), soit propres à Guilhem (patrimoine, titre de confessor, formules de donation et pèlerinage).
Les images des saints dans l’art monumental à la période romane : quatre exemples méridionaux
Authors: Voyer Cécile
Published: December 2022

Hagiographic Images in the Architectural Art of the Romanesque Period. Four Examples in Southern France.

The study of Romanesque hagiographic images in architectural art in a specific area enables to have a global vision of the cult of saints at that time.

Four examples of buildings in southern France representing universal and local saints are analysed in the present paper. The first two examples, narrative cycles dedicated to Laurent in the churches of Nogaro and Panjas, clearly show the polysemy and the plasticity of hagiographic images. The choice of the figurative images and of their places in the buildings determine the meaning of the iconographical programme.

Other images enhance the strength of the saint in order to legitimate and promote the cult of his memory. The image of Foy in the tympanun of the abbey in Conques fully comes within this logic.

From a general point of view, hagiographic images reflect the devotion of diocese to local saints but also to universal ones. The representation of saints in churches situated at the periphery of a given diocese enabled them to assert that they belonged to and were rooted in the diocese, as can be seen in the church in Saint-Eutrope des Salles-Lavauguyon.
Observations sur le culte de saint Gilles dans le Midi
Authors: Girault Pierre-Gilles
Published: December 2022

Comments on the Cult of Saint Gilles in Southern France.

The present paper outlines a stage in the spreading of the cult of St Gilles in southern France. First, the saint’s southern setting is examined. The widespread use of the name “Saint Gilles of Provence” reveals the connection usually made between the saint and the South of France. The study of the Vita shows a life story closely linked to western Provence. Lastly, the list of priories and outbuildings of Saint Gilles’ s abbey confirms a strong influence over Languedoc. On the other hand, the search for expressions of the cult proves to be disappointing. Only a small number of religious buildings in lower Languedoc are devoted to St Gilles, an observation which is confirmed by the distribution of places named after the saint. The relics do not seemed to have fuelled any regional worship, the center of the cult remaining the saint’s tomb in his abbey and the appearance of another body in Toulouse has not attracted a large crowd. Lastly, pilgrims of a known origin are foreigners to southern France, both in Liber Miraculorum Sancti Aegidii and in other sources. In spite of its local setting, the cult of St Gilles seems to have thrived a lot more outside his region of origin.
Les violences anti-épiscopales dans la province de Narbonne (fin XIIe - début XIIIe siècle ) : des manifestations anticléricales ?
Authors: Soria Myriam
Published: December 2022

Southern bishops were fairly ill treated around the end of the 12th century and the beginning of the 13th century, in the same way as most of the bishops of the French Kingdom at the time. Yet, anti-episcopal violence which troubled the province of Narbonne shows the tensions and disruptions which affected the local relationships between the aristocracy and the Church. Those violent expressions, in the midst of a general atmosphere of hostility towards the Church, emphasise a kind of «anticlericalism » that cannot be found anywhere else -the sources give a surprising significance to that feeling. The violence, directed at the prelates, did not prevent the ecclesiastical authorities from using it in their interest, especially at the service of the papal policy in Innocent Ill’s days.
Les ordres militaires face aux crises politico-religieuses de la basse vallée du Rhône (seconde moitié du XIIe-XIIIe siècle) : un jeu ambigu ?
Authors: Carraz Damien
Published: December 2022

Les ordres militaires du Temple et de l’Hôpital constituent un champ d’observation privilégié pour essayer de comprendre les origines et les manifestations de l’anticléricalisme en France méridionale. Ils sont étudiés ici dans le cadre étroit de la région du Bas-Rhône qui fut une zone d’enjeux politiques majeurs au cours de la seconde moitié du XIIe et surtout de l’ensemble du XIIIe siècle.

Un statut hybride entre le monachisme et le canonicat, ignorant de surcroît la distinction des trois ordres, et une aptitude à agréger les fidèles à leurs commanderies par le biais de la confraternité, ont pu pousser vers les templiers et les hospitaliers des individus rétifs à une trop nette séparation entre mondes religieux et laïque héritée de la réforme grégorienne. Leur esprit d’indépendance face aux évêques a pu de même séduire certains fidèles hostiles à un encadrement trop marqué du clergé séculier. De là, peut-être, les liens ambigus entretenus entre ces ordres et les contestataires de l’ordre théocratique facilement versés dans l’anticléricalisme : l’empereur Frédéric II, les comtes de Toulouse, et leurs partisans au sein de l’aristocratie provençale, nombreux notamment parmi les élites dirigeantes des communes. Les ordres militaires sont toutefois depuis leur origine étroitement soumis au Saint-Siège. Cette allégeance les a contraints à remettre en cause des solidarités anciennes tissées avec les pouvoirs laïques locaux et à se rallier à l’ordre théocratique et à ses relais -évêques et nouvelle dynastie comtale franco-angevine -dès que fut acquis le succès de la mainmise capétienne dans le Midi (1229). Ce ralliement, qui a pu être vécu comme une trahison par une partie de l’aristocratie locale, mais aussi la redoutable concurrence économique imposée aux propriétaires fonciers par d’opulentes commanderies, ont ravivé les réflexes anticléricaux aux dépens cette fois-ci des ordres militaires, alors même que le détournement de l’idéal de croisade par la papauté a pu contribuer à leur aliéner certaines sympathies.
L’anticléricalisme dans les registres d’inquisition de Toulouse et de Carcassonne au début du XIVe siècle
Authors: Albaret Laurent
Published: December 2022

The term «anticlericalism » has a very wide range of meanings when applied to the south of France of the 13th and 14th centuries. In the medieval context, anticlericalism cannot be equivalent to either anti-catholicism or to an anti-religious notion or even to atheism. It is nonetheless rooted in an opposition to the influence of the clergy. Studying medieval anticlericalism through the manuscripts dating back from the Inquisition is made complex by the nature of the documents. Taking into account the usual methodological cares, it is possible to ask questions and theorize. In the judiciary process, does the systematic recourse to the word «heretic» not maintain the confusion ? Should all the heretics be regarded as such in conjunction with the reported words that are pieced together ? If notaries’ subjectivity and writing distortions are taken into account, what is the real part played by anticlericalism in the heresy described by the manuscripts of the Inquisition ? What are the facts that allow the judge to describe heresy or to determine which practices are anticlerical ? The analysis of excerpts from the registers of Geoffroy d’Ablis and of Jacques Fournier gives some answers to these issues.