bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy performance of compressed biomethane gas production from co-digestion of Salix and dairy manure: factoring differences between Salix varieties
Authors: Kalita Saurav , Ohlsson Jonas A. , Karlsson Potter Hanna , Nordberg Åke , Sandgren Mats , Hansson Per-Anders
Published: November 2023

Biogas from anaerobic digestion is a versatile energy carrier that can be upgraded to compressed biomethane gas (CBG) as a renewable and sustainable alternative to natural gas. Organic residues and energy crops are predicted to be major sources of bioenergy production in the future. Pre-treatment can reduce the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic energy crops such as Salix to anaerobic digestion, making it a potential biogas feedstock. This lignocellulosic material can be co-digested with animal manure, which has the complementary effect of increasing volumetric biogas yield. Salix varieties exhibit variations in yield, composition and biomethane potential values, which can have a significant effect on the overall biogas production system. This study assessed the impact of Salix varietal differences on the overall mass and energy balance of a co-digestion system using steam pre-treated Salix biomass and dairy manure (DaM) to produce CBG as the final product. Six commercial Salix varieties cultivated under unfertilised and fertilised conditions were compared. Energy and mass flows along this total process chain, comprising Salix cultivation, steam pre-treatment, biogas production and biogas upgrading to CBG, were evaluated. Two scenarios were considered: a base scenario without heat recovery and a scenario with heat recovery. The results showed that Salix variety had a significant effect on energy output–input ratio (R), with R values in the base scenario of 1.57–1.88 and in the heat recovery scenario of 2.36–2.94. In both scenarios, unfertilised var. Tordis was the best energy performer, while the fertilised var. Jorr was the worst. Based on this energy performance, Salix could be a feasible feedstock for co-digestion with DaM, although its R value was at the lower end of the range reported previously for energy crops.
Occurrence of some common carbapenemase genes in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates collected from clinical samples in Tabriz, northwestern Iran
Authors: Jafari-Sales Abolfazl , Al-Khafaji Noor S.K. , Al-Dahmoshi Hussein O.M. , Sadeghi Deylamdeh Zahra , Akrami Sousan , Shariat Afsoon , Judi Hawraa K. , Nasiri Rozita , Bannazadeh Baghi Hossein , Saki Morteza
Published: November 2023

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the antibiotic resistance patterns and prevalence of carbapenemase genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in different clinical samples from Tabriz city, northwestern Iran.

Results

This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Ahar Branch, Iran, in 2020. K. pneumoniae isolates were collected from different clinical samples, including blood, wounds, sputum, and urine. The isolates were identified using a series of standard bacteriological tests. Antibiotic resistance was determined by the disc diffusion method. The presence of blaVIM, blaNDM, blaKPC, blaOXA, and blaIMP genes were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 100 non-duplicated K. pneumoniae isolates were collected from 57 urine samples, 27 blood samples, 13 wound samples, and 3 sputum samples. Overall, 70.0% of the samples were from inpatients, while 30.0% were from outpatients. The most resistance rate was related to ampicillin (94.0%), while the lowest resistance rate was related to imipenem (18.0%) and meropenem (20.0%). Overall, 25.0% of the isolates were carbapenem-resistant, of which 13.0% were resistant to both imipenem and meropenem. The PCR showed the total prevalence of 23.0% for carbapenemase genes, including 18.0% for blaKPC, 3.0% for blaVIM, 1.0% for blaIMP, and 1.0% for blaOXA gene. The blaNDM gene was not detected in any isolate. The prevalence of carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae isolates was relatively lower in northwestern Iran than in other regions of the country. However, special attention should be paid to the proper use of antibiotics, particularly carbapenems, to prevent further spread of antibiotic resistance and its related genes.
Epigenetics insights from perceived facial aging
Authors: Vladimir Klemo , Perišić Marija Majda , Štorga Mario , Mostashari Ali , Khanin Raya
Published: November 2023

Facial aging is the most visible manifestation of aging. People desire to look younger than others of the same chronological age. Hence, perceived age is often used as a visible marker of aging, while biological age, often estimated by methylation markers, is used as an objective measure of age. Multiple epigenetics-based clocks have been developed for accurate estimation of general biological age and the age of specific organs, including the skin. However, it is not clear whether the epigenetic biomarkers (CpGs) used in these clocks are drivers of aging processes or consequences of aging. In this proof-of-concept study, we integrate data from GWAS on perceived facial aging and EWAS on CpGs measured in blood. By running EW Mendelian randomization, we identify hundreds of putative CpGs that are potentially causal to perceived facial aging with similar numbers of damaging markers that causally drive or accelerate facial aging and protective methylation markers that causally slow down or protect from aging. We further demonstrate that while candidate causal CpGs have little overlap with known epigenetics-based clocks, they affect genes or proteins with known functions in skin aging, such as skin pigmentation, elastin, and collagen levels. Overall, our results suggest that blood methylation markers reflect facial aging processes, and thus can be used to quantify skin aging and develop anti-aging solutions that target the root causes of aging.
Comprehensive analysis of alternative splicing across multiple transcriptomic cohorts reveals prognostic signatures in prostate cancer
Authors: Mou Zhuofan , Spencer Jack , McGrath John S. , Harries Lorna W.
Published: November 2023

Background

Alternative splicing (AS) plays a crucial role in transcriptomic diversity and is a hallmark of cancer that profoundly influences the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa), a prevalent and potentially life-limiting cancer among men. Accumulating evidence has highlighted the association between AS dysregulation and the onset and progression of PCa. However, a comprehensive and integrative analysis of AS profiles at the event level, utilising data from multiple high-throughput cohorts and evaluating the prognosis of PCa progression, remains lacking and calls for thorough exploration.

Results

We identified a differentially expressed retained intron event in ZWINT across three distinct cohorts, encompassing an original array-based dataset profiled by us previously and two RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) datasets. Subsequent in-depth analyses of these RNA-seq datasets revealed  141 altered events, of which 21 demonstrated a significant association with patients’ biochemical recurrence-free survival (BCRFS). We formulated an AS event-based prognostic signature, capturing six pivotal events in genes CYP4F12, NFATC4, PIGO, CYP3A5, ALS2CL, and FXYD3. This signature effectively differentiated  high-risk patients diagnosed with PCa, who experienced shorter BCRFS, from their low-risk counterparts. Notably, the signature's predictive power surpassed traditional clinicopathological markers in forecasting 5-year BCRFS, demonstrating robust performance in both internal and external validation sets. Lastly, we constructed a novel nomogram that integrates patients’ Gleason scores with pathological tumour stages, demonstrating improved prognostication of BCRFS.

Conclusions

Prediction of clinical progression remains elusive in PCa. This research uncovers novel splicing events associated with BCRFS, augmenting existing prognostic tools, thus potentially refining clinical decision-making.
Selective estrogen receptor modulators and deep venous thrombosis after an emergent operation in senior women
Authors: Kishida Keiko , Furukawa Masanobu , Nakashima Masayuki , Kubota Idumi , Hayashi Yukio
Published: November 2023

Background

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), clinically applied to osteoporosis, may have potential risk of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and discontinuation of SERMs may be required before surgery. However, we cannot discontinue SERMs for a certain duration, when patients undergo an emergent operation.

Case presentation

We reported two aged patients undergoing an emergent orthopedic surgery for lower extremities while taking SERMs for osteoporosis before the operation. DVT was newly developed in one patient and worsened in the other patient after the operation. We found eight aged patients underwent the same operation while taking SERMs for recent 3 years, including the two cases and DVT did not occur in the other six patients. Thus, the incidence of DVT in our patient population was 25%.

Conclusion

We showed that DVT developed or worsened after operation in two patients taking SERMs before operation. Ultrasound examination after operation may be recommended in these population. (149 words).
Dexmedetomidine or magnesium to control agitations in patients undergoing tonsillectomy: randomised controlled study
Authors: Saad Beshoy Gamal Nazeem , Saad Basem Boles Gabriale , Agamy Ashraf EL Said Abd EL Rahman EL , Ammar Mona Ahmed Abd Elmotalb , Khalaf Khaled Moustafa Ali
Published: November 2023

Background

Preoperative time is a very stressful time for most patients undergoing surgery, particularly young patients. The primary goal of an anaesthesiologist is to reduce patients’ anxiety before surgery. To lessen this stress response, many anaesthetic pre-medications are used. Magnesium chloride and dexmedetomidine are two of these pre-medications that work well as sedatives. This study examined dexmedetomidine and magnesium sulphate as a pre-anaesthetic medication for kids. Dexmedetomidine and magnesium will be compared for their efficacy and safety in treating children who experience emerging anxiety after having their tonsils removed in this trial. Forty-five children between the ages of 4 and 12 years who were having elective adenotonsillectomy surgery in this comparative prospective, double-blind, randomised controlled clinical research. Children were split up into three groups: group A was given dexmedetomidine, group B was given magnesium infusion, and group C was given normal saline 0.9% infusion.

Results

Ramsay and Cravero scores revealed that children who got dexmedetomidine infusion were less agitated than those who received magnesium sulphate or normal saline infusion (p value 0.01).

Conclusions

When comparing dexmedetomidine to magnesium sulphate, there are a few advantages to its use. It can be administered as an anaesthetic medication to minors undergoing adenotonsillectomy under general anaesthesia in order to lessen postoperative agitation.
Justice strategy can promote cooperation with the joint of dynamic aspiration in social dilemma
Authors: Li Baifeng , Zhang Xiao , Shi Zhenyu , Wei Wei
Published: November 2023

We investigate the concurrent effect of the justice strategy and dynamic aspirations on cooperation in evolutionary game theory. The justice strategy refers to a game in which players play the role of cooperators in the case of cooperation, the role of punishers in the face of defection, and receive the same payoff as their opponents. Players compare the payoffs with their own dynamic aspirations to decide whether to change their strategy. Through simulations, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our model in promoting cooperation and reducing or completely eliminating defections. A higher initial aspiration has a significant impact on reducing defection. Additionally, we find that diverse evolutionary dynamics arise from various initial settings. Remarkably, in specific situations, even a tiny initial fraction of justicers can rapidly retaliate and eventually dominate the entire system. Reflecting real-life scenarios, the influence of punishment typically lags behind the occurrence of defection, allowing justicers to gradually counteract defection upon its cluster emergence.
Preclinical Evaluation of a Novel Steerable Robotic Neuroendoscope Tool
Authors: Yamamoto Kent K. , Brumfiel Timothy A. , Qi Ronghuai , Chern Joshua J. , Desai Jaydev P.
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

To improve the outcomes of minimally invasive, endoscopic, intracranial procedures, steerable robotic tools have been developed but still require thorough evaluation before use in a clinical setting. This paper compares a novel steerable robotic neuroendoscope tool against a standard rigid tool.

METHODS:

Seventeen participants, 8 nonmedical and 9 medical (neurosurgery residents and fellows), were recruited. The evaluation trial consisted of a task that was completed using either a rigid tool or the steerable tool, followed by the completion of a qualitative survey. Target reach time and tool movement volume (TMV) were recorded for each trial and analyzed. The tools were evaluated within a realistic phantom model of the brain.

RESULTS:

Preclinical evaluation of both tools showed that average target reach time for the steerable tool among medical personnel (15.0 seconds) was longer than that of the rigid tool (5.9 seconds). However, the average TMV for the steerable tool (0.178 cm3) was much lower than that of the rigid tool (0.501 cm3) for medical personnel, decreasing the TMV by 64.47%.

CONCLUSION:

The steerable tool required more training and practice in comparison with the standard rigid tool, but it decreased the overall endoscope movement volume, which is a source of parenchymal injury associated with endoscopic procedures.
Cholesterol regulates insulin-induced mTORC1 signaling
Authors: Navyasree Kolaparamba V. , Ramesh Shikha T. , Umasankar Perunthottathu K.
Published: November 2023

The rapid activation of the crucial kinase mechanistic target of rapamycin complex-1 (mTORC1) by insulin is key to cell growth in mammals, but the regulatory factors remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that cholesterol plays a crucial role in the regulation of insulin-stimulated mTORC1 signaling. The rapid progression of insulin-induced mTORC1 signaling declines in sterol-depleted cells and restores in cholesterol-repleted cells. In insulin-stimulated cells, cholesterol promotes recruitment of mTORC1 onto lysosomes without affecting insulin-induced dissociation of the TSC complex from lysosomes, thereby enabling complete activation of mTORC1. We also show that under prolonged starvation conditions, cholesterol coordinates with autophagy to support mTORC1 reactivation on lysosomes thereby restoring insulin-responsive mTORC1 signaling. Furthermore, we identify that fibroblasts from individuals with Smith–Lemli–Opitz Syndrome (SLOS) and model HeLa-SLOS cells, which are deficient in cholesterol biosynthesis, exhibit defects in the insulin–mTORC1 growth axis. These defects are rescued by supplementation of exogenous cholesterol or by expression of constitutively active Rag GTPase, a downstream activator of mTORC1. Overall, our findings propose novel signal integration mechanisms to achieve spatial and temporal control of mTORC1-dependent growth signaling and their aberrations in disease.
The Importance of Financial Literacy: Opening a New Field
Authors: Lusardi Annamaria , Mitchell Olivia S.
Published: November 2023

We undertake an assessment of our two decades of research on financial literacy, building on our empirical research and theoretical work casting financial knowledge as a form of investment in human capital. We also draw on recent data to determine who is the most—and least—financially savvy in the United States, and we highlight the similarity of our results in other countries. A number of convincing studies is now available, from which we draw conclusions about the effects and consequences of financial illiteracy, and what can be done to fill these gaps. We conclude by offering our thoughts on implications for teaching, policy, and future research.
Mujer, diversidad y cine en Colombia. Perspectivas de género e imágenes de la mujer en el siglo XXI
Authors: Valderrama-Burgos Karol
Published: November 2023

La representación de la mujer en el cine de Colombia ha tendido a estar asociada a nociones de sumisión, victimización o sexualización, sugiriendo una cierta uniformidad, invisibilidad y repetición acerca de su existencia social y cinematográfica. A pesar de esta complejidad cultural e histórica, existe una serie de producciones colombianas hechas en el nuevo milenio que trascienden los sesgos de género patriarcales y las dicotomías morales sobre la mujer en la pantalla grande. Teniendo en cuenta la sanción de la Ley de Cine 814 de 2003, la cual ha tenido un impacto positivo en el sector cinematográfico colombiano, este libro propone examinar de forma inédita, conjunta y crítica, diversas maneras en que las mujeres son representadas en un grupo de películas de ficción colombianas del siglo xxi. Bajo un prisma interdisciplinario de estudios de cine, feministas, poscoloniales y subalternos, este trabajo ofrece un enfoque temático y un análisis textual de un total de doce películas en el que se analizan imágenes de la mujer en el cine de Colombia, reconociendo sus raíces en las normas que ha establecido el patriarcado, y sus eventuales transgresiones. De este modo, este libro explora e invita a celebrar representaciones diversas y emergentes de la mujer entendiendo el silencio y la sumisión como factores subversivos, los tipos de emancipación de la mujer dentro de grupos al margen de la ley, y la sexualidad y el deseo de las mujeres como agentes de cambio al hablar de la feminidad. Esta obra argumenta que la Ley de Cine creó un espacio para que los y las cineastas representaran los límites de las normas de género hegemónicas en la sociedad colombiana y los esfuerzos que se vienen haciendo para desafiarlas a través de su cine.
Health check
Authors: Costis Rachel
Published: November 2023

Rachel Costis, operational manager for public health nursing at Swindon Borough Council, discusses what early years settings can do to help mothers suffering from mental health issues
Protective effect of sevoflurane on lung function of elderly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Yao Yuan , Zhang Man-Si , Li Yue-Bing , Zhang Ming-Zhe
Published: November 2023

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is distinguished by increased glucose levels in the bloodstream, is a metabolic disease with a rapidly increasing incidence worldwide. Nevertheless, the etiology and characteristics of the mechanism of T2DM remain unclear. Recently, abundant evidence has indicated that the intestinal microbiota is crucially involved in the initiation and progression of T2DM. The gut microbiome, the largest microecosystem, engages in material and energy metabolism in the human body. In this review, we concentrated on the correlation between the gut flora and T2DM. Meanwhile, we summarized the pathogenesis involving the intestinal flora in T2DM, as well as therapeutic approaches aimed at modulating the gut microbiota for the management of T2DM. Through the analysis presented here, we draw attention to further exploration of these research directions.
Atmosphere: Mexican Extras and the Production of Race in Silent Hollywood
Authors: Serna Laura Isabel
Published: November 2023

abstract: This essay focuses on Mexican extras in silent era Hollywood. Rather than attempting to write an authoritative history of their work, I use accounts of Mexican extra work to explore how silent era Hollywood's production practices made race. Mexican extras, I explain, were perceived as another amenity offered by the industry's new home in Southern California, important for producing certain types of narratives but materially and discursively relegated to the margins of the industry. Their presence, on-screen and in the trade press, however, was central to the production of racial difference in on-screen narratives and in social life.
Do Microscopes Have Politics? Gendering the Electron Microscope in Laboratory Biological Research
Authors: Williams Nicola
Published: November 2023

abstract: Objects like microscopes are gendered depending on their context. The introduction of the electron microscope at Leeds University in early 1940s Britain was under the control of high-status physicists, most of whom were men, who regulated its access over and against biologists. Moreover, the microscope required physical strength more associated with men than women, combined with a sound knowledge of physics. This article explores the challenges women encountered including access to scientific instruments when entering post–World War II electron microscopy through Irene Manton's career. It combines techno-political and gendered perspectives on the history of women in science. In particular, the study invites gendered understanding of early biological electron microscopy, at a university world-renowned on the subject, through the lens of one capital intensive microscope.
Shaping Communications: The Development of the National Telegraph Network in Ireland, 1850–70
Authors: Kirwan Adrian
Published: November 2023

abstract: Despite Ireland's centrality to transatlantic telegraphic communication and as an integral part of the United Kingdom, telegraphy on the island is often merely a footnote in the scholarship. Yet telegraphy had a significant impact in Ireland, accelerating internal and external communication times. This article provides the first comprehensive study of telegraphy's expansion, from its arrival in Ireland in the 1850s until the eve of nationalization in 1870. It shows how Ireland's geographical position as a telegraphic gateway to North America, the heavy integration of Ireland's economy into Britain after 1853, and the relationship between telegraphy and the rail network shaped Irish telegraphy in unique ways.
Eye Appeal Is Buy Appeal
Authors: Hisano Ai
Published: November 2023

abstract: This essay explores the development of visual appeal, particularly color, as a key driver of demand in the American food sector between the 1920s and the 1940s. It analyzes, through case studies of oranges and fresh meat, how food producers and retailers sought to create a standardized food color that many consumers would recognize and eventually take for granted as "natural." The creation of "natural" color was a process of standardization, facilitating a new kind of visual regime. This dramatic transformation of visuality in the early twentieth-century American foodscape laid the groundwork for creating standardized, albeit artificial, notions of naturalness and freshness of foods today.
La guerre sans nom, la guerre sans visage : Amnesia and Mutilation in Japrisot’s Piège pour Cendrillon
Authors: Brown Jennifer
Published: November 2023

Abstract: Sébastien Japrisot’s novel Piège pour Cendrillon , written in 1962, just at the end of the Algerian War, revolves around the identity of a young woman who awakens with total amnesia and badly burned by a fire. I propose that through this novel of investigation, Japrisot is most interested in representing the paradoxes of a changing French national identity complicated by France’s wartime crimes and its ultimate relinquishment of l’Algérie française . It is through images of amnesia and mutilation that this novel speaks to the anxieties that the French soldiers and public experienced during the war.
Non-line-of-sight imaging at infrared wavelengths using a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector
Authors: Feng Yifan , Cui Xingyu , Meng Yun , Yin Xiangjun , Zou Kai , Hao Zifan , Yang Jingyu , Hu Xiaolong
Published: November 2023

Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) imaging can visualize a remote object out of the direct line of sight and can potentially be used in endoscopy, unmanned vehicles, and robotic vision. In an NLOS imaging system, multiple diffusive reflections of light usually induce large optical attenuation, and therefore, a sensitive and efficient photodetector, or, their array, is required. Limited by the spectral sensitivity of the light sensors, up to now, most of the NLOS imaging experiments are performed in the visible bands, and a few at the near-infrared, 1550 nm. Here, to break this spectral limitation, we demonstrate a proof-of-principle NLOS imaging system using a fractal superconducting nanowire single-photon detector, which exhibits intrinsic single-photon sensitivity over an ultra-broad spectral range. We showcase NLOS imaging at 1560- and 1997-nm two wavelengths, both technologically important for specific applications. We develop a de-noising algorithm and combine it with the light-cone-transform algorithm to reconstruct the shape of the hidden objects with significantly enhanced signal-to-noise ratios. We believe that the joint advancement of the hardware and the algorithm presented in this paper could further expand the application spaces of the NLOS imaging systems.
Ultrafast photo-induced carrier dynamics of perovskite quantum dots during structural degradation
Authors: Jo Cheol , Kim Dokyum , Lee Chang-Lyoul , Ko Do-Kyeong
Published: November 2023

In this study, the ultrafast photo-induced carrier dynamics of red-emitting PQDs during structural degradation was investigated using time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy. The spectroscopic analysis revealed how the carrier dynamics varied when PQDs were exposed to a polar solvent. Three decay modes (carrier trapping, radiative carrier recombination and trap-assisted non-radiative recombination) were proposed to analyze the carrier dynamics of PQDs. The light-emitting property of PQDs is primarily influenced by radiative carrier recombination. This study demonstrates that structural degradation induced halide migration within PQDs and the formation of defects within the crystal lattice, leading to a proliferation of carrier trapping states. The increased trap states led to a reduction in carriers undergoing radiative carrier recombination. Additionally, PQDs degradation accelerated radiative carrier recombination, indicating a faster escape of carriers from excited states. Consequently, these factors hinder carriers remaining in excited states, leading to a decline in the light-emitting property of PQDs. Nevertheless, increasing an excitation fluence could reduce the carrier trapping mode and increase the radiative carrier recombination mode, suggesting a diminishment of the impact of carrier trapping. These findings offer a more comprehensive understanding of structural degradation of PQDs and can contribute to the development of PQDs with high structural stability.
On prediction of chaotic dynamics in semiconductor lasers by reservoir computing
Authors: Li Xiao-Zhou , Yang Bo , Zhao Shiyuan , Gu Yiying , Zhao Mingshan
Published: November 2023

Studying the chaotic dynamics of semiconductor lasers is of great importance for their applications in random bit generation and secure communication. While considerable effort has been expended towards investigating these chaotic behaviors through numerical simulations and experiments, the accurate prediction of chaotic dynamics from limited observational data remains a challenge. Recent advancements in machine learning, particularly in reservoir computing, have shown promise in capturing and predicting the complex dynamics of semiconductor lasers. However, existing works on laser chaos predictions often suffer from the need for manual parameter optimization. Moreover, the generalizability of the approach remains to be investigated, i.e., concerning the influences of practical laser inherent noise and measurement noise. To address these challenges, we employ an automated optimization approach, i.e., a genetic algorithm, to select optimal reservoir parameters. This allows efficient training of the reservoir network, enabling the prediction of continuous intensity time series and reconstruction of laser dynamics. Furthermore, the impact of inherent laser noise and measurement noise on the prediction of chaotic dynamics is systematically examined through numerical analysis. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and generalizability of the proposed approach in achieving accurate predictions of chaotic dynamics in semiconductor lasers.
Functional OCT Reveals Anisotropic Changes of Retinal Flicker Evoked Vasodilation
Authors: Yao Xincheng , Son Taeyoon , Ma Guangying
Published: November 2023

A custom-built optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used for time-lapse imaging of mouse retinas with flicker stimulation. Stimulus-evoked vessel lumen changes of individual arteries and veins were quantitatively evaluated. Comparative analysis revealed significantly larger (18.21%) lumen dilation in axial direction compared to lateral (10.77%) direction. The axial lumen dilation predominantly resulted from the top vessel wall movement toward the vitreous direction, whereas the bottom vessel wall remained stable. Additional Doppler OCT analysis confirmed velocity increase corresponding to retinal flicker stimulation. The blood flow area expansion was consistently observed to be larger in axial direction compared to that in lateral direction.
Evaluation of functional tests performance using a camera-based and machine learning approach
Authors: Adolf Jindřich , Segal Yoram , Turna Matyáš , Nováková Tereza , Doležal Jaromír , Kutílek Patrik , Hejda Jan , Hadar Ofer , Lhotská Lenka
Published: November 2023

The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of functional tests using a camera-based system and machine learning techniques. Specifically, we investigate whether OpenPose and any standard camera can be used to assess the quality of the Single Leg Squat Test and Step Down Test functional tests. We recorded these exercises performed by forty-six healthy subjects, extract motion data, and classify them to expert assessments by three independent physiotherapists using 15 binary parameters. We calculated ranges of movement in Keypoint-pair orientations, joint angles, and relative distances of the monitored segments and used machine learning algorithms to predict the physiotherapists’ assessments. Our results show that the AdaBoost classifier achieved a specificity of 0.8, a sensitivity of 0.68, and an accuracy of 0.7. Our findings suggest that a camera-based system combined with machine learning algorithms can be a simple and inexpensive tool to assess the performance quality of functional tests.
Proteomic profiling of urinary extracellular vesicles differentiates breast cancer patients from healthy women
Authors: Jeanmard Nilobon , Bissanum Rassanee , Sriplung Hutcha , Charoenlappanit Sawanya , Roytrakul Sittiruk , Navakanitworakul Raphatphorn
Published: November 2023

Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) reflect the biological conditions of the producing cells. The protein profiling of uEVs allow us to better understand cancer progression in several cancers such as bladder cancer, prostate cancer and kidney cancer but has not been reported in breast cancer. We have, herein, aimed at quantifying the concentration and at generating the proteomic profile of uEVs in patients with breast cancer (BC) as compared to that of healthy controls (CT). Urine samples were collected from 29 CT and 47 patients with BC. uEVs were isolated by using differential ultracentrifugation, and were then characterized by Western blotting and transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, a nanoparticle tracking analysis was used in order to measure the concentration and the size distribution of urine particles and uEVs. The proteomic profiling of the uEVs was facilitated through LC-MS/MS. The uEV concentration was not significantly different between the assessed groups. The undertaken proteomic analysis revealed 15,473 and 11,278 proteins in the BC patients’ group and the CT group, respectively. Furthermore, a heat map analysis revealed a differential protein expression, while a principal component analysis highlighted two clusters. The volcano plot indicated 259 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs; 155 up- and 104 down-regulated proteins) in patients with BC compared with CT. The up-regulated proteins from BC-derived uEVs were enriched in pathways related to cancer progression (i.e., cell proliferation, cell survival, cell cycle, cell migration, carbohydrate metabolism, and angiogenesis). Moreover, we verified the expression of the upregulated DEPs using UALCAN for web-based validation. Remarkably, the results indicated that 6 of 155 up-regulated proteins (POSTN, ATAD2, BCAS4, GSK3β, HK1, and Ki-67) were overexpressed in BC compared with normal samples. Since these six proteins often act as markers of cell proliferation and progression, they may be potential biomarkers for BC screening and diagnosis. However, this requires validation in larger cohorts.
Hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency virus infections within correctional facilities in Ghana
Authors: Sagoe Kwamena W. C. , Atuahene Kyeremeh , Ayiku Angela N. A. , Pappoe-Ashong Prince J. , Boamah Isaac , Till Holger , Hagbe Francis Selorm , Egyire Isaac Kofi , Nyampong Matilda , Addo Stephen Ayisi , Manu Adom , Noora Charles L. , Tetteh Millicent , Ankomah Augustine , Adanu Richard
Published: November 2023

Previous studies have suggested high Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevalence in prisons in Ghana. However, this study was part of a nationally representative bio-behavioural survey and determined the prevalence of HIV and HBV among prison inmates and identified factors associated with these infections. Both biomedical and behavioural data were collected from a total of 2,443 prison inmates from 19 prison stations during 2013 in Ghana; 12 male prisons and 7 female prisons selected across the country. The national HIV screening algorithm was used for HIV testing while two rapid detection tests were used to confirm HBV infections. HIV and HBV prevalence among prisoners in Ghana were approximately 2.34% and 12.38% respectively. Only 5 inmates, had co-infection with both viruses. The prevalence of HIV was significantly lower among male inmates (1.5%) compared to the female inmates (11.8%). Age, sex, and marital status, were significantly associated with both HIV and HBV infections. However, BMI category, IDU, and time spent in prison were associated with HIV infections. The educational level was significantly associated with HBV infections. After binary logistic regression, being female (AOR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.07–0.45, p<0.001) and having a stay of 5 years or more (AOR: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.01–0.60, p = 0.016), increased the risk of having HIV infection. While, those with no formal education (AOR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.45–0.95, p = 0.024) and are underweight (AOR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.27–0.99, p = 0.046), were more likely to have HBV infection. Forced penetrative sex may be a problem in the prisons. The need to have and strengthen an integrated screening, treatment and vaccination plan for the prison is emphasized. The prison does not serve as an exceptionally high risk to the general population. The findings support a critical look at the issue of forced penetrative sex in the prisons.
iHeard STL: Development and first year findings from a local surveillance and rapid response system for addressing COVID-19 and other health misinformation
Authors: Johnson Kimberly J. , Weng Olivia , Kinzer Hannah , Olagoke Ayokunle , Golla Balaji , O’Connell Caitlin , Butler Taylor , Worku Yoseph , Kreuter Matthew W.
Published: November 2023

Background

The U.S. Surgeon General and others have emphasized a critical need to address COVID-19 misinformation to protect public health. In St. Louis, MO, we created iHeard STL, a community-level misinformation surveillance and response system. This paper reports methods and findings from its first year of operation.

Methods

We assembled a panel of over 200 community members who answered brief, weekly mobile phone surveys to share information they heard in the last seven days. Based on their responses, we prioritized misinformation threats. Weekly surveillance data, misinformation priorities, and accurate responses to each misinformation threat were shared on a public dashboard and sent to community organizations in weekly alerts. We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for associations between panel member characteristics and misinformation exposure and belief.

Results

In the first year, 214 panel members were enrolled. Weekly survey response rates were high (mean = 88.3% ± 6%). Exposure to a sample of COVID-19 misinformation items did not differ significantly by panel member age category or gender; however, African American panel members had significantly higher reported odds of exposure and belief/uncertain belief in some misinformation items (ORs from 3.4 to 17.1) compared to white panel members.

Conclusions

Our first-year experience suggests that this systematic, community-based approach to assessing and addressing misinformation is feasible, sustainable, and a promising strategy for responding to the threat of health misinformation. In addition, further studies are needed to understand whether structural factors such as medical mistrust underly the observed racial differences in exposure and belief.
A new adaptive MPPT technique using an improved INC algorithm supported by fuzzy self-tuning controller for a grid-linked photovoltaic system
Authors: Ibrahim Nagwa F. , Mahmoud Mohamed Metwally , Alnami Hashim , Mbadjoun Wapet Daniel Eutyche , Ardjoun Sid Ahmed El Mehdi , Mosaad Mohamed I. , Hassan Ammar M. , Abdelfattah H.
Published: November 2023

Solar energy, a prominent renewable resource, relies on photovoltaic systems (PVS) to capture energy efficiently. The challenge lies in maximizing power generation, which fluctuates due to changing environmental conditions like irradiance and temperature. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques have been developed to optimize PVS output. Among these, the incremental conductance (INC) method is widely recognized. However, adapting INC to varying environmental conditions remains a challenge. This study introduces an innovative approach to adaptive MPPT for grid-connected PVS, enhancing classical INC by integrating a PID controller updated through a fuzzy self-tuning controller (INC-FST). INC-FST dynamically regulates the boost converter signal, connecting the PVS’s DC output to the grid-connected inverter. A comprehensive evaluation, comparing the proposed adaptive MPPT technique (INC-FST) with conventional MPPT methods such as INC, Perturb & Observe (P&O), and INC Fuzzy Logic (INC-FL), was conducted. Metrics assessed include current, voltage, efficiency, power, and DC bus voltage under different climate scenarios. The proposed MPPT-INC-FST algorithm demonstrated superior efficiency, achieving 99.80%, 99.76%, and 99.73% for three distinct climate scenarios. Furthermore, the comparative analysis highlighted its precision in terms of control indices, minimizing overshoot, reducing rise time, and maximizing PVS power output.
Bone quality, mineral density, and fractures in heart failure
Authors: Canteri Andre Luiz , Gusmon Luana Bassan , Boguszewski Cesar Luiz , Borba Victoria Zeghbi Cochenski
Published: November 2023

Background

The trabecular bone score (TBS) indirectly estimates bone quality and predicts low-impact fractures independently of bone mineral density (BMD). However, there is still a paucity of data linking bone and heart diseases, mainly with gaps in the TBS analysis.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated TBS, BMD, and fractures in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and in sex-, BMI- and age-matched controls, and we assessed the fracture probability using the FRAX tool, considering active search for fractures by vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) and the adjustment for the TBS.

Results

TBS values were 1.296 ± 0.14 in 85 patients (43.5% women; age 65 ± 13 years) and 1.320 ± 0.11 in 142 controls (P = 0.07), being reduced (< 1.31) in 51.8% and 46.1% of them, respectively (P = 0.12). TBS was lower in patients than in the controls when BMD was normal (P = 0.04) and when the BMI was 15–37 kg/m2 (P = 0.03). Age (odds ratio [OR] 1.05; P = 0.026), albumin (OR 0.12; P = 0.046), statin use (OR 0.27; P = 0.03), and energy intake (OR 1.03; P = 0.014) were associated with reduced TBS. Fractures on VFA occurred in 42.4% of the patients, and VFA and TBS adjustment increased the fracture risk by 16%-23%.

Conclusion

Patients with HFrEF had poor bone quality, with a better discriminating impact of the TBS assessment when BMD was normal, and BMI was suitable for densitometric analysis. Variables related to the prognosis, severity, and treatment of HFrEF were associated with reduced TBS. VFA and TBS adjustment increased fracture risk.
Ultrasound-guided manual vacuum aspiration (USG-MVA) with cervical preparation for early pregnancy loss: A cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Chung Jacqueline Pui-Wah , Fekadu Ginenus , Sahota Daljit Singh , Leung Tak-Yeung , You Joyce H. S.
Published: November 2023

Background and aim

Approximately one in four women will experience a miscarriage in their lifetime. Ultrasound-guided manual vacuum aspiration (USG-MVA) is an ideal outpatient surgical treatment alternative to traditional surgical evacuation. We aimed to examine the cost-effectiveness of US-MVA with cervical preparation for treatment of early pregnancy loss from the perspective of public healthcare provider of Hong Kong.

Methods

A decision-analytic model was designed to simulate outcomes in a hypothetical cohort of patients with early pregnancy loss on four interventions: (1) US-MVA, (2) misoprostol, (3) surgical evacuation of uterus by dilation and curettage (surgical evacuation), and (4) expectant care. Model inputs were retrieved from published literature and public data. Model outcome measures were total direct medical cost and disutility-adjusted life-year (DALY). Base-case model results were examined by sensitivity analysis.

Results

The expected DALYs (0.00141) and total direct medical cost (USD736) of US-MVA were the lowest of all interventions in base-case analysis, and US-MVA was the preferred cost-effective option. One-way sensitivity analysis showed that the misoprostol group became less costly than the US-MVA group if the evacuation rate of misoprostol (base-case value 0.832) exceeded 0.920. In probabilistic sensitivity analysis, At the willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of 49630 USD/DALY averted (1x gross domestic product per capita of Hong Kong), the US-MVA was cost-effective in 72.9% of the time.

Conclusions

US-MVA appeared to be cost-saving and effective for treatment of early pregnancy loss from the perspective of public healthcare provider of Hong Kong.
IT software purchase decisions in terms of business customer experience
Authors: Szwajlik Anna
Published: November 2023

The aim of this study is to compare experience of customers making decisions in teams and individually during the process of purchasing IT software supporting management processes in their organization.The research sample consisted of 114 companies from all over Poland that purchased management-supporting software in the last 3 years. Quantitative research method was used to achieve the adopted research objective. A questionnaire was applied as a research tool, while Manna-Whitney U test - was used to determine differences in experiment levels.This article refers to the models of organizational behavior, paying special attention to group and individual factors that business customer experience. The research results show that the experience of people who decide to purchase software as a team is better at all stages of the decision-making process compared to the experience of people making decisions individually.The collected research material, and, above all, the conclusions drawn from it, contribute to the knowledge about the quality of business customer experience in the IT sector, and outline the differences in the quality of such experience between those making decisions in the organization in a team and in an individual manner.
Comparison of Reproductive Aspects of the Tropical Eel Anguilla bicolor (McClelland 1884) in Freshwater and Estuarine Habitats
Authors: Rachmawati Farida Nur , Susilo Untung , Aya Frolan
Published: November 2023

The tropical anguillid eel, Anguilla bicolor McClelland, experiences significant growth up to the adult size in both freshwater and estuarine ecosystems, encountering salinity gradients that may impact their reproduction. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the reproductive aspects of A. bicolor collected from Serayu River (freshwater) and Segara Anakan (estuary), Cilacap, Central Java, during July 2020 field surveys. The examined parameters included eye index (EI), fin index (FI), gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), and sex ratio of eel specimens in freshwater and estuary. Furthermore, the total length (TL) and body weight (BW) ranged from 260 - 630 mm and 18 - 419 g in freshwater, and 260 - 630 mm and 18 - 447 g in estuary. Significant differences (P<0.01) were observed in the reproductive characteristics between the two habitats (P<0.01), with higher eye index, fin index, gonadosomatic index, and hepatosomatic index in freshwater-caught eels than the values obtained in estuary inhabitants. The mean of these four parameters were 6.99 ± 2.98%, 4.08 ± 0.71%, 1.70 ± 1.13%, and 1.92% ± 1.07 in freshwater, while 3.48 ± 1.60%, 3.45 ± 0.479%, 1.12 ± 0.23%, and 0.28 ± 0.19% were found in estuary. The sex ratio was significantly affected by habitat, with female eels dominating in freshwater (62.5%) compared to estuary (32%). These results suggested that eels in freshwater habitats might exhibit early gonadal maturation compared to those in estuary.
Gambaran Pengetahuan Ibu Nifas Tentang Perawatan Tali Pusat
Authors: Ningtias Meysifa , Achyar Khamidah , Kusuma Inggar Ratna
Published: November 2023

The newborn mortality rate is one of the indicators used to describe the health status of the community. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2015 the infant mortality rate in the world reached 54 per 1000 live births, in developing countries the infant mortality rate was relatively high and very varied, reaching 11-68 per 1000 live births, while in Southeast Asia the IMR reached 39 per 1000 live births, of which 21% are caused by infection (WHO, 2016). The reason is because there is still a lack of knowledge of mothers in caring for newborns, especially for preventing infection of the umbilical cord. This study aims to describe the knowledge of postpartum mothers regarding umbilical cord care in newborns. This type of research is in the form of a literature review with a descriptive method. This literature search is through publications in two databases, namely Pubmed and Google Scholar. The search strategy method for obtaining journals uses the keywords "Umbilical Cord Care" or "Knowledge". Furthermore, from the search results, the researcher found 179 articles using PubMed, and 6,080 using the appropriate Google Scholar based on keywords. After that, a title screening was carried out according to the topic of the literature review, obtained 4,100 articles and obtained 17 articles that met the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. The results of the study obtained 17 articles that examined the level of knowledge of mothers about umbilical cord care. The conclusion of this study is that the level of mother's knowledge influences the care of the umbilical cord in order to reduce the incidence of umbilical cord infection. It is hoped that health workers can play an active role in providing education to the public and can improve the quality and quantity of services so that they can detect abnormalities in pregnant women from an early age and increase counseling about umbilical cord care
Editorial
Authors: Skřejpková Petra , Stloukalová Kamila
Published: November 2023

Editorial