bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract WP8: To Report the Visual Outcome and Safety Profile in Patients With Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion (BRAO) That Received Intravenous (IV) and Intra-Arterial (IA) Thrombolysis
Authors: Shahjouei Shima , Bavarsad Reza , Dumitrascu Oana M
Published: February 2024

Introduction:
Branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) results from the blood flow compromise in of the branches of the central retinal artery. Data is limited on the outcome of patients with BRAO who received thrombolytic therapy as acute phase management protocol.

Method:
This study is a sub-analysis of our prior systematic review and meta-analysis on the visual outcome of patients with retinal artery occlusion who received intra-arterial (IA) or intra-venous (IV) thrombolytics within the first 24 hours. PubMed, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect via Elsevier, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), ClinicalTrials.gov, and Trip Medical Database were systematically searched with a predefined protocol to record the change in the visual acuity (VA) after thrombolytic therapy. We limited this study to the patients with BRAO who received urokinase (UK) or tissue plasminogen activator (tPA).

Results:
Among 1153 identified studies, 771 patients with retinal artery occlusion received thrombolytic therapy. BRAO was observed in 19 patients (2.5%, mean age: 65 years). IAT-tPA was administered in 8 (42.1%), IVT-tPA in 7 (36.8%), and IVT-UK in 4 (21.1%). Median time from the onset of visual change to thrombolysis was 6.0 [4.5-10.5] hours. Patients had mean baseline logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution (logMAR) of 0.9±0.8. VA improvement of ≥0.1 logMAR (one Snellen line) was seen among 17 (89.5%), VA improvement of ≥0.3 logMAR (three Snellen lines) among 13 (68.4%), and a final VA of 20/100 or better among 16 (84.2%). One (5.3%) patient had intra-ocular hemorrhage post thrombolysis.

Conclusion:
Compared to central retinal artery occlusion, patient with branched retinal occlusion have better visual recovery following IA or IV thrombolysis. These results can be affected by the small number of the patients in this study.
Abstract WP80: Comparison of Dallas ED Screening Tool to Identify Stroke (DESTINY) With Other Stroke Screening Tools
Authors: Novakovic-White Robin , Johnson Mark , Diercks Deborah B , Prasad Sidarrth , Stone Suzanne , Day Aubrey , Everett Amber , McDonald Samuel , Rhines Brianna , Stutzman Sonja , Faidley Rachel , Anderson Jane A , Savitz Sean I , Flores Salvador Cruz , Warach Steven J , Rhodes Charlotte , Goldberg Mark P , Olson Daiwai M
Published: February 2024

Background:
Screening is a valuable tool for triaging, protocol activation, and resource allocation in emergency medicine, yet no tool has been identified as superior in the prehospital and hospital setting. DESTINY was developed as a single tool to screen for all stroke subtypes.

Methods:
This study is a Phase II prospective two part adaptive design validation study of DESTINY in ED during the early triage of suspected stroke patients from 05/01/2022 to 08/08/2022. CSTAT (questions: 2, 4, 5, 10) and VAN (questions: 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10) were embedded in the tool. DESTINY was incorporated into EHR and standardized workflow for nursing triage in ED. The NIHSS at presentation (median 2), primary diagnosis, and stroke subtypes were recorded. During the blinded phase, only CSTAT score was provided for clinical decisions. Primary outcomes included predictability of acute symptomatic: stroke, PCI, LVO, and MeVO. Secondary outcomes included comparison of DESTINY performance to other screening tools. Score completion failures were retrospectively scored by vascular neurologist provided chief complaint and initial exam, blinded to final diagnosis and imaging.

Results:
DESTINY was used to screen 284 consecutive patients; 32% had score completion failures. Acute symptomatic stroke occurred in 39% (n=110) (sTIA, 20; PCI, 31; CRAO, 5; MeVO, 22; LVO, 19; hemorrhagic, 11, other, 13). DESTINY
>
1 had better sensitivity to other tools to predict acute symptomatic stroke (sensitivity 0.95 [95% CI 90.3-98.8], specificity 0.44 [95% CI 36.9-51.6]); MeVO (sensitivity 0.91 [95% CI 78.9-1.0], specificity 0.31 [95% CI 25.3-36.5]) and comparable to NIHSS to predict PCI. DESTINY score
>
3 or
>
1 and at least one positive from questions 3 to 7 (sensitivity 1.0, specificity 0.63 [95% CI 56.8-68.5]) was more sensitive to other scales at typically defined thresholds.

Conclusion:
In high volume and fast-paced EDs, DESTINY has promise as single tool to identify patients with acute symptomatic stroke and LVO.
Abstract WP82: The Dallas ED Screening Tool to Identify Stroke (DESTINY) Validation Study
Authors: Prasad Sidarrth , Novakovic-White Robin , Johnson Mark , Diercks Deborah B , Stone Suzanne , Day Aubrey , Everett Amber , McDonald Samuel , Rhines Brianna , Stutzman Sonja , Faidley Rachel , Anderson Jane A , Savitz Sean I , Flores Salvador Cruz , Warach Steven J , Rhodes Charlotte , Goldberg Mark P , Olson Daiwai M
Published: February 2024

Background:
Screening is a valuable tool for triage, protocol activation, and resource allocation in emergency medicine, yet no tool is identified as superior in the prehospital or hospital setting. DESTINY is a screening tool developed as a single tool to screen for all stroke subtypes.

Methods:
This study is a phase II prospective 2-part adaptive design validation study of DESTINY in the ED during the early triage of suspected stroke patients from 05/01/2022 to 08/08/2022. CSTAT and VAN were embedded in the tool. DESTINY was incorporated into EHR and standardized workflow for nursing triage in ED. The NIHSS at presentation, primary diagnosis, and stroke subtypes were recorded. Symptomatic was defined as any new neurological deficit. During the blinded phase, only CSTAT score was provided for clinical decisions. Primary outcomes included predictability of DESTINY scores to identify acute symptomatic stroke and LVO. Secondary outcome included stroke performance measures. Score completion failures were retrospectively scored by a vascular neurologist provided with chief complaint and initial exam, blinded to final diagnosis and imaging.

Results:
During part 1, 284 patients were screened with DESTINY; 92 patients (32%) had score completion failures. Median: NIHSS at initial assessment 2 (mean 4.4; range 0 to 28); door to stroke scale start 6 minutes; door to stroke provider (thrombolytic eligible patients) 10 minutes; door to needle 62 minutes; door to puncture 94 minutes. Acute symptomatic stroke was recorded in 110 including LVO in 19. The DESTINY score with highest predictability for acute symptomatic stroke was
>
1 (sensitivity 0.95 [95% CI 90.3-98.8], specificity 0.44 [95% CI 36.9-51.6]) and acute symptomatic LVO was
>
3 or
>
1 and at least one positive from questions 3 to 7 (sensitivity 1.0, specificity 0.63 [95% CI 56.8-68.5]).

Conclusion:
DESTINY at defined scores has promise as a single tool to identify patients with acute symptomatic stroke and LVO.
Abstract WP83: Prioritize Rural Routing With Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke Severity Scale
Authors: STANEK ELSIE J , Lee Kevin , White Darin , Schilling Angela , Tanghe Peter
Published: February 2024

Background:
As a growing rural Primary Stroke Center (PSC), we found acute stroke patients bypassing a PSC via air care to receive care at a Comprehensive Stroke Center (CSC) without a Large Vessel Occlusion (LVO) severity scale assessment. In collaboration with our local Emergency Medicine Services (EMS), we aimed to initiate a LVO severity scale assessment with routing algorithm to enhance stroke care. Our goal was to improve pre-hospital acute stroke assessments with a standard LVO severity scale and routing algorithm. Further improving time sensitive care and utilizing resources appropriately during a time of hospital diversion and staff shortage.

Method:
Utilizing stroke guidelines, a standardized LVO scale and routing algorithm were developed and incorporated into Emergency Department (ED) and EMS education and communication. From March 2022 to March 2023, we reviewed all pre-hospital stroke alerts. We compared LVO assessments competed, appropriate routing, and air care activation; as well as, door-to-needle, and door-to transfer times.

Results:
There were 31 pre-hospital stroke alerts prior to the initiation of LVO assessment and routing interventions from March through June 2022 (Total LVO assessed 23%, bypass PSC with positive LVO assessed 33%, Door-to-needle median 30 minutes, Door-to-transfer median 64 minutes). After initiation of LVO assessment and routing algorithm from July 2022 to March 2023 there were 84 pre-hospital stroke alerts (Total LVO assessed 95%, bypass PSC with positive LVO assessed 100%, activation of air care to PSC with positive LVO assessed 100%, Door-to-needle median 27 minutes, Door-to-transfer 48 minutes).

Conclusion:
By identifying an assessment gap and providing education with assessment and routing resources, we experienced an increase in LVO assessments, improved routing of the acute stroke patient, along with improved door-to-needle and door-to-transfer times. Initiating and educating ED and EMS staff on a LVO assessment scale with routing algorithm was an effective intervention within our rural services area.
Abstract WP84: The 'When' in Response to BEFAST by EMS
Authors: Brown Aliza T , Hutchison Mack , Trowbridge Robert , Hegwood Chaundra , Vrudny David , Berry Lori R , Joiner Renee , Morshedi Brandon , Onteddu Sanjeeva Reddy
Published: February 2024

Background:
In cases of suspected stroke in prehospital patients, EMS response focuses on rapid assessment and transport. In Arkansas, stroke patients are identified by a unique barcode wristband for tracking and quality assurance. Prehospital stroke screens, such as BEFAST (Balance, Eyes, Face, Speech and Time), may influence destination decisions and transport time. We examined utilization of Stroke as a primary impression, compliance with placing stroke bands, if prehospital BEFAST influenced transport times from First Medical Contact (FMC), and which components were associated with rapid transport.

Methods:
In a single large urban EMS agency, prehospital care records of suspected stroke from Jan 1 to Dec 31, 2022, were retrospectively evaluated utilizing primary or secondary impression of Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA). FMC and BEFAST performance time was noted and time intervals of FMC to BEFAST (FMC2BEFAST) and FMC to Arrival at destination (FMC2Arrival). Protocol compliance was determined by the placement of a stroke band. Time measures and BEFAST normal or abnormal scores were determined by ANOVA and protocol compliance with BEFAST with chi-square analysis.

Results:
There were 224 EMS transports for Stroke/TIA in 2022. Stroke bands were placed in 54% of patients with Stroke/TIA impressions. Stroke was a primary impression in 13% of transports and a secondary impression in 77% of transports. Patients with abnormal BEFAS(T) were 54, 26, 36, 41 and 60%, respectively. Stroke bands were placed in 61, 65, 69, 27 and 62%, respectively of cases with an abnormal BEFAS(T) (p
<
0.018). FMC2Arrival time had a 9 min improvement with stroke band placement (p=0.0021). Patients with abnormal Facial Droop (p=0.043) and Eye Disturbance (p=0.022) had significantly shorter FMC2Arrival times. Abnormal Balance, Arm Drift nor Speech was not associated with shorter FMC2Arrival times (p=NS).

Conclusions:
Rapid evaluation and transport of suspected stroke patients can be challenging. Identification was low in our single center study, abnormalities in Facial Droop and Eye Disturbances resulted in faster transport time. Improved training on the identification and screening may result in a higher stroke band placement, recognition and rapid transport times.
Abstract WP86: Data Collection Impacts on Study Costs: A Real-World Analysis
Authors: Tessmer Megan , Staloch Jessica , Streib Christopher D , Silva Luis , Gieseke Jessica , Nierengarten Elizabeth , Staugaitis Abbey
Published: February 2024

Introduction:
Costs are a major barrier to conducting high-quality clinical trials, yet specific determinants of operational costs are understudied. Budgets are frequently planned assuming additional data fields increase cost in a proportional manner. We compared estimated costs for adding data fields to real-world costs as data fields increase.

Methods:
We studied the impact of data fields on operational costs for three Phase III acute stroke clinical trials of similar design, clinical complexity, and logistics. We retrospectively reviewed records of coordinator time logged for completion of data fields per study during 2021 and 2022. Study data management hours included time for data entry, query resolution, and data verification as requested by the study monitor. Our standard rate per hour was used to calculate actual cost for each clinical trial. We estimated the cost of a single data field by dividing the averaged cost per subject by the total data fields collected for the least expensive study. We used this value to estimate cost and compared that to the actual costs.

Results:
Study 1 was the least expensive study, and thus used to calculate the estimated cost of a single data field. There were 277 data fields and a cost of $513 per patient, the cost per data field was calculated as $1.85.

Study 2 had 775 data fields collected per subject and should have an estimated cost of $1,436.40. The actual cost was $2,291.57 which is 1.6 times higher than expected.

Study 3 had 2245 data fields collected per patient and should have an estimated cost of $4,155.30. The actual cost was $20,176.65 which is 4.86 times higher than expected. Results are summarized in Figure 1.

Conclusion:
Our analysis of real-world study data management costs demonstrate that additional data fields have a disproportionate increase in cost. Assuming a proportional increase could lead to inaccurate estimates with large budget and operational cost impacts when a study is implemented.
Abstract WP94: Forecasting Outcomes After Mechanical Thrombectomy: Predictive Modeling of Neurological Improvement in the SELECT Database
Authors: Duncan Kelsey R , Pujara Deep , Sarraj Amrou
Published: February 2024

Introduction:
Outcome prediction and prognostication are at the heart of determining next steps in stroke care. We aim to evaluate two variable selection strategies to provide optimal prediction of functional independence among post-EVT patients at admission, day 1, and time of discharge using data from the SELECT prospective cohort study.

Methods:
Prediction strategies were created using baseline demographics, clinical presentation and imaging characteristics for the admission model, procedure characteristics and outcomes, clinical status, and baseline factors for the day 1 model, and follow-up infarct volume, cerebral edema, clinical status, and previously mentioned factors for the discharge model. Model selection used backwards stepwise regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) strategy. Patients with unavailable data were excluded. Calibration and internal validation was performed using bootstrapping for 50 repetitions.

Results:
149 EVT patients with all available data points were included. Functional independence (mRS 0-2) was observed in 89 (60%) patients. LASSO and stepwise selection methods selected different variables at baseline, with LASSO providing reasonably better model performance over stepwise model selection. Both stepwise and LASSO regression methods selected baseline ASPECTS and NIHSS at day 1 for day 1 model, and baseline ASPECTS, NIHSS at day 1 and NIHSS at day 7 for discharge model. Day 1 and discharge models demonstrated significantly better predictive performance in bootstrap validation over baseline models [Table].

Conclusions:
Clinical symptoms in the post-acute phase were the strongest predictors of functional independence at 90-day follow-up and were selected over procedural factors or cerebral edema. Prediction of functional independence at baseline involved several clinical and imaging variables with lower predictive performance than post-acute phase models.
Abstract WP95: The Effectiveness of Remote Informed Consent for Clinical Intervention in the Setting of Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Jin Dasul
Published: February 2024

Background:
Informed consent is an essential part of current medical practice which protects the patient’s right to make an informed decision with sufficient understanding of the risks and the benefits of any medical intervention. Because of the need to provide care quickly, consent is often obtained remotely in acute ischemic stroke. Currently, to our knowledge, no study has provided a direct measurement of effectiveness of remote consent compared to in-person consent. In this study, we surveyed those providing consent for thrombolysis and thrombectomy for satisfaction with the consent process. We also compared in person and remote consent for effectiveness in understanding of the intervention.

Methods:
We conducted post-consent surveys of the person consenting to either thrombolysis or thrombectomy (patient or their legally authorized representative). Surveys assessed satisfaction with the consent process including if the explanation of the procedure was clear and if they had comfortable level of understanding. Survey also included self- and objective assessments of the information provided. Patients who received thrombolysis via wake-up protocol, or as part of another research study, were excluded.

Results:
A total of 86 surveys assessing 61 remote and 25 in-person consents were analyzed. The in person consents were 56% thrombectomy, while remote consents were 97% thrombectomy. Both in-person and remote groups had high satisfaction rate (9.72/10 vs 9.44/10, P = 0.301) and high self-assessment of understanding (2.56/3 vs 2.74/3, P = 0.11). Objective assessment testing consenter’s knowledge of the procedure showed slightly lower performance for in-person consent, although this was statistically not significant (91% vs 93%, P= 0.17). Further analysis excluding self-consents showed no difference in the two groups (92% vs 94%, P = 0.77).

Conclusion:
Our observational study showed that patient and legal authorized representatives had a similarly satisfactory experience and understanding when consenting to thrombolysis/thrombectomy when consented in person compared to remote consent.
Abstract WP99: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Modified Rankin Scale Assessment and Documentation
Authors: Byrd Brandon
Published: February 2024

Objective:
The aim of the QI project is to improve the documentation compliance of the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) through utilizing a multidisciplinary approach. This includes training occupational and physical therapy specialists to assess the mRS scores in the stroke patient population at community hospital primary stroke center.

Background:
As the most widely used outcome measure for assessment of post-stroke recovery, research confirms that anyone with the appropriate training with regards to performing the mRS can utilize the tool. Initial documentation by nursing began August 2021, and initial documentation compliance of pre-stroke and discharge mRS had not risen above 82%.

Methods:
A multidisciplinary group consisting of frontline staff members, educators and stroke program administrator was created to implement the proposed practice change. They identified 6 steps to complete this process. (
Table 1
) The goal for documentation compliance was set at 90% by the end of the first quarter of 2023. The change was implemented on September 15, 2022.

Results:
Supplementing nursing assessment and documentation of the mRS with the addition of physical and occupational therapy was a successful process change. Documentation compliance improved and reached the predetermined goal set by the multidisciplinary group by the end of January 2023. Documentation compliance reached 100% by March of 2023.

Conclusion:
Physical therapist and occupational therapist can increase documentation compliance for mRS scores. Increased documentation compliance improve evaluation of inpatient care and post-discharge follow-up to more comprehensively evaluate outcomes of stroke care.
Multi-strain probiotic improves subjective sleep quality with no impact on body composition, hemodynamics, and physical activity
Authors: Kerksick C.M. , Moon J.M. , Walden K.E. , Hagele A.M. , Allen L.E. , Gaige C.J. , Krieger J.M. , Jäger R. , Pane M. , Mumford P.
Published: February 2024

The objective of the study was to examine the impact of a multi-strain probiotic (MSP) on sleep, physical activity, and body composition changes. We used a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled approach with 70 healthy men and women (31.0 ± 9.5 years, 173.0 ± 10.4 cm, 73.9 ± 13.8 kg, 24.6 ± 3.5 kg/m2) supplemented daily with MSP (4 × 109 live cells Limosilactobacillus fermentum LF16, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LR06, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP01, and Bifidobacterium longum 04; Probiotical S.p.A., Novara, Italy) or placebo (PLA). In response to supplementation (after 0, 2, 4, and 6 weeks of supplementation) and 3 weeks after stopping supplementation, participants had subjective (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI) and objective sleep indicators, body composition, daily physical activity and resting hemodynamics assessed. Subjective sleep quality indicators using the PSQI (sleep latency, sleep disturbance, and global PSQI score) improved () at various time points with MSP supplementation. Systolic blood pressure in PLA increased () after 6 weeks of supplementation with no change in MSP. No changes () in sleep (hours asleep, minutes awake, number of times awake) or physical activity (step count, minutes of sedentary activity, total active minutes) metrics assessed by the wearable device were observed. Additionally, no changes in resting heart rate, diastolic blood pressure, and body composition were discerned. In conclusion, MSP supplementation improved the subjective ability to fall asleep faster and disturbances experienced during sleep, which resulted in improved overall sleep quality as assessed by the PSQI. No differences in other sleep indicators, physical activity, hemodynamics, and body composition were observed during or following MSP supplementation.

Registered at clinicaltrials.gov: NCT05343533
Mating and oviposition of a breeding strain of black soldier fly Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae): polygynandry and multiple egg-laying
Authors: Muraro T. , Lalanne L. , Pelozuelo L. , Calas-List D.
Published: February 2024

Black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens, is a promising species to valorise organic wastes and agricultural co-products into nutrient-rich animal feed. Thus, basic knowledge of its reproductive behaviour is needed to optimize its rearing processes and future selection. In this study, we investigated the reproductive behaviour (mating and egg-laying) of a mass-breeding BSF strain to (1) determine whether their females were monandrous or polyandrous, (2) describe the impact of multiple mating on egg production and fertility, and (3) describe where and when caged individuals mate and lay eggs. Newly emerged adults were individually tagged with acrylic paint to monitor their mating and egg-laying behaviour during their entire lifetime. Our results indicate that adults mated on average three times before dying, with different or even former partners. Some of them mated up to nine times. We also provide the first observation of multiple egg-laying for domesticated H. illucens females and show that virgin females can lay unfertilized eggs, in smaller quantities compared to mated ones. Finally, this study provides the first evidences that H. illucens can be polygynandrous and that multi-mated females can lay eggs several times, thus increasing egg production, in mass breeding conditions.
Notes on the nomenclature of the genus name Vereia, the earliest-published synonym of Kalanchoe, and the species published in Vereia (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae)
Authors: SMITH GIDEON F.
Published: February 2024

At the rank of genus, at least seven names have been published for taxa that are today included in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). Kalanchoe is the earliest validly published and legitimate name that must be used for the ca. 200 tetramerous-flowered taxa recognised in the genus. Kalanchoe has a wide natural geographical distribution range that stretches from Madagascar and some of the nearby Indian Ocean islands, through most of sub-Saharan Africa and the northern parts of North Africa to the Middle, Near, and Far East, more or less south of the latitude of 35⁰ N. The nomenclature of the genus name Vereia, for which five different spellings have been recorded, is reviewed here. Vereia is the earliest synonym of Kalanchoe. Notes are provided on the natural geographical distribution range of K. crenata, the accepted name of the type, V. crenata, of the genus Vereia. The species names published in Vereia are assigned to species in Kalanchoe.
Petalidium etendekaense (Acanthaceae), a new species from Namibia, with notes on the taxonomic identity of P. glutinosum
Authors: SWANEPOEL WESSEL , MANZITTO-TRIPP ERIN A. , DEXTER KYLE G. , VAN WYK ABRAHAM E.
Published: February 2024

Petalidium etendekaense, previously mistaken for P. glutinosum and P. variabile, is now described as a new species. The name P. pilosibracteolatum is considered synonymous with the older P. glutinosum, the latter of which is also lectotypified. The newly described species is currently only known from the vicinity of Bergsig and slightly further west towards the Skeleton Coast National Park in the Kaokoveld Centre of Endemism, northwestern Namibia. It typically grows on hillsides and along ephemeral riverbeds, primarily in soils derived from Etendeka Group basalt. Diagnostic characters for P. etendekaense include its tomentose-strigulose indumentum, the inflorescence main axis and secondary branches that invariably become spiny with age, and a corolla with an ovate front lobe that is longer than it is wide. Additionally, all lobes of the corolla exhibit similar colours, ranging from dark burgundy to carmine to pink towards the apices. A comparison of some morphological features is provided to differentiate Petalidium etendekaense from P. glutinosum and P. variabile. Based on the IUCN Red List categories and criteria, we conducted a conservation assessment, resulting in the new species being classified as of Least Concern (LC).
Molecular phylogeny and morphological characterization revealed Lepiota brunneoaurantia, a new species in L. sect. Stenosporae from Margalla Hills, Pakistan
Authors: AZEEM MEMOONA , KIRAN MUNAZZA , JABEEN SANA
Published: February 2024

Lepiota brunneoaurantia sp. nov. was collected from the Margalla Hills, Pakistan. This species was characterized by an orangish brown pileus with a dark brown umbo, presence of orangish upturned, crowded squamules, close off-white lamellae having lameullae of variable lengths, small (5.6 × 2.5 µm), oblong to ellipsoid basidiospores and clavate cheilocystidia. Comparative study based on morphology and molecular phylogeny revealed that it is distinct from already known taxa in the genus and represent a new species.
The first microcaddisflies Metrichia Ross, 1938 recorded in Tocantins State, northern Brazil (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae): Metrichia elongata sp. nov. and Metrichia vulgaris Santos, Takiya & Nessimian 2016
Authors: CARVALHO BRUNA LAISE DOS SANTOS , MORENO LUCAS , DESIDÉRIO GLEISON ROBSON , PES ANA MARIA , HAMADA NEUSA
Published: February 2024

The microcaddisfly Neotropical genus Metrichia Ross, is recorded for the first time from the state of Tocantins, northern Brazil, through the discovery of two species: Metrichia elongata sp. nov. and Metrichia vulgaris Santos, Takiya & Nessimian 2016. Herein, the new species is described and illustrated based on males collected in a protected and preserved area in Cerrado biome of Tocantins. Metrichia elongata sp. nov. can be recognized mainly by the type and position of setae on the inferior appendages and morphology of the dorsolateral hook. The discovery of these species increases the number of Metrichia species in the Brazilian Cerrado from seven to eight and are only the eleventh and twelfth caddisfly species reported for Tocantins State.
Triple-Negative or Close-to-Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Presenting as a Thick-Walled Cystic Lesion
Authors: Gan Li , Xie Junyuan , Li Kaiqiang , Xu Zimeng , Wang Xinxing , Pei Xinhong , Xue Bingjian
Published: February 2024

Clinical and pathologic characteristics of the invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) presenting as a thick-walled breast cyst are little known. Three female patients were included in this report. A palpable, nontender breast lump was found in all cases. While mammography showed a hyperdense mass, ultrasonography demonstrated a thick-walled cystic mass. Magnetic resonance imaging clearly showed the cystic breast lesions with ring-like or irregular rim enhancement. A grade III IDC was confirmed in all cases. All IDCs but one were estrogen receptor negative, progesterone receptor negative, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative, with merely weak progesterone receptor positivity (5%) in one case. All cases underwent surgical management first and postoperative chemotherapy. Breast malignancy presenting as a thick-walled cystic mass could be a highly aggressive IDC, even triple-negative breast cancer. It is imperative for breast cancer-related practitioners to identify the potentially malignant cystic lesions timely and adopt appropriate management.
Acceptability of plasma ammonia results when samples are not transported and processed under ideal conditions
Authors: Bowron Ann , Osgood Victoria
Published: February 2024

Background

It is recommended that samples for plasma ammonia analysis are kept chilled and processed promptly as in vitro metabolism causes falsely elevated results. Rejection of unsuitable samples can cause delayed diagnosis and treatment of hyperammonaemia with potentially serious clinical consequences. The Metabolic Biochemistry Network (MetBioNet) hyperammonaemia guideline recommends analysis of samples not collected under ideal conditions and reporting with appropriate comments. An audit found that some laboratories did not follow this guidance. An investigation was performed into whether storage at controlled room temperature and delayed sample processing affected interpretation of plasma ammonia results.

Methods

Eleven healthy volunteers provided informed consent. Blood was taken from each into 14 paediatric EDTA blood sample tubes, one placed immediately on ice, the others in a rack at room temperature. The chilled and baseline room temperature samples were centrifuged and plasma analysed by the Roche Ammonia (NH3L2) method. Samples stored at room temperature were analysed at 10-min intervals up to 2 h.

Results

Baseline room temperature ammonia was higher than in the chilled sample (19 ± 6.6 µmol/L [mean ± standard deviation] and 18 ± 6.6 µmol/L, respectively). Ammonia increased further by 0.09 ± 0.02 µmol/L per minute to 30 ± 8.4 µmol/L at 2 h. No result was above the reference range (50 µmol/L). No healthy subject with normal baseline ammonia would have been erroneously identified as having hyperammonaemia.

Conclusions

Results support MetBioNet guidance that laboratories accept blood samples for ammonia analysis which are not processed under ideal conditions.
Nest-building in breeding mice: Impact of macro- and micro-environment
Authors: Cintra Luciana , Alexandre-Ribeiro Sandra Regina , Teixeira Julia Trindade Xavier , Megid Michel Mancinelli , Coucolis Thiago Vieira , Zanatto Dennis Albert , Leal Victoria Nathaly , Massironi Silvia Maria Gomes , Mori Claudia Madalena Cabrera
Published: February 2024

The housing conditions of laboratory mice must be strictly controlled in order to reduce the impact of pathophysiological changes that affect animal health and welfare, possibly resulting in increased variability within experimental results. One way to improve the activity and survival of laboratory mice is to provide nesting material. The objective of this study was to determine if nest-building quality could be used to detect changes in murine mating behaviour in a rodent facility under controlled conditions. Nesting scores of 847 cages with monogamous pairs from three different genetic backgrounds (129, B6 and BALB/c) of both sexes were correlated with 18 predefined variables. The effects on nest quality were evaluated using descriptive data analysis, correspondence analysis and ordinal logistic model fitting. The results showed a strong relationship between nest quality and nest position. Humidity, genetic background, cage change and the number and age of pups in the cage affected the nest-building scores. The most important indicators were cage change and relative humidity, both of which exerted significant negative effects on nest-building quality. Even though the criteria were well defined, the observer could still influence nest score appraisal. However, in a long-term observational study, observers could improve their assessment by training and acquiring greater experience in score assignment. Nest-building scores are easy to assess in the cage, with little discomfort to the animal. Moreover, the nest score is a valid indicator of the health and well-being of laboratory mice and can provide valuable support in the management of animal facilities.
Effect of mechanical milling on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Si alloy fabricated via spark plasma sintering
Authors: Lee Junho , Shin Woocheol , Jeon Junhyub , Son Seung Bae , Lee Seok-Jae , Jung Jae-Gil
Published: February 2024

We investigated the effect of high-energy ball milling (HEBM) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of powders and spark plasma sintered samples of an Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Si alloy. HEBM produced a nanocrystalline powder with an average grain size of 0.16 μm while increasing the amount of solid solution and the formation of fine amorphous aluminium oxide. The sintered alloy without HEBM consisted of η-Mg(Zn,Cu,Al)2, T-Mg32(Al,Zn)49, β-Mg2Si, and Q-Al5Cu2Mg8Si6 phases. The grain size of the sintered alloy decreased from 2.66 to 0.40 μm due to the application of HEBM. The amorphous aluminium oxide phase in the milled powder was transformed into MgO particles during sintering. The formation of MgO particles caused the depletion of Mg solid solutions, which resulted in the formation of Mg-free phases during sintering. High-energy ball milling (HEBM) improved the microhardness of the sintered alloy from 94 to 134 HV owing to grain refinement and the formation of fine secondary phases and MgO particles.
Optimized combined spectral calibration model based on single-constant Kubelka–Munk theory for color prediction of pre-colored cotton fiber blends
Authors: Wu Meiqin , Sun Xinye , Lu Zuoxiang , Chen Yunhui , Zhang Yi , Zhang Quanxi
Published: February 2024

There is a complex interaction between primary fibers in pre-colored fiber blends, which leads to the impracticality of Duncan’s additive theory in the single-constant Kubelka–Munk (KM-1) model, resulting in poor accuracy for color prediction. This paper builds an optimized combined spectral calibration model based on the KM-1 function to solve this issue. This proposed model involves colored and non-colored parts with trained spectral coefficients, and was established to achieve a good matching between the predicted and actual ratio of the absorption coefficient K to the scattering coefficient S, K/ S of samples for color prediction from the perspective of the spectrum. Experimentally, five primary cotton fibers were selected and prepared into fiber blends to demonstrate its validation, and its optimal number of training samples was found to be only 14, which was much less than the general training sampling method using half of all samples directly. Finally, a remarkable average color difference of only 0.63 CIEDE2000 units for 74 test specimens was achieved on this optimized model, which was significantly lower than that of the KM-1 model (∼1.16), two-constant KM model (∼1.03), Stearns–Noechel model (∼1.16) and Friele model (∼1.11). The results indicate that the optimized model behaves well and could be applied in the color prediction of pre-colored fiber blends.
A two-layer stacking regression model for predicting yarn quality of small samples
Authors: Liu Zhiyu , Chen Nanliang , Wang Jun
Published: February 2024

In addressing the prevalent challenges associated with the limited generalization ability and weak adaptability to small samples observed in neural network models in contemporary yarn quality prediction research, this study proposes a two-layer stacking regression model. The initial layer of the stacking model integrates three base models: random forest, gradient boosting decision tree, and adaptive boosting. The secondary layer employs the linear regression algorithm. The efficacy of the stacking model was juxtaposed against the performance assessment of a multilayer perceptron neural network model, in addition to evaluations of the single random forest, gradient boosting decision tree, and adaptive boosting models, respectively. The generalization ability of the models was assessed through experiments that randomly partitioned the sample dataset based on 10 distinct random seeds. The adaptability to small samples of the models was evaluated through experiments spanning nine varying training set sample sizes. The experiment results underscore that the stacking model outperforms in aspects of prediction accuracy, generalization ability, and adaptability to small samples.
Synthetic Genres: Expert Genres, Non-Specialist Audiences, and Misinformation in the Artificial Intelligence Age
Authors: Mehlenbacher Brad , Balbon Ana Patricia , Mehlenbacher Ashley Rose
Published: February 2024

Drawing on rhetorical genre studies, we explore research article abstracts created by generative artificial intelligence (AI). These synthetic genres—genre-ing activities shaped by the recursive nature of language learning models in AI-driven text generation—are of interest as they could influence informational quality, leading to various forms of disordered information such as misinformation. We conduct a two-part study generating abstracts about (a) genre scholarship and (b) polarized topics subject to misinformation. We conclude with considerations about this speculative domain of AI text generation and dis/misinformation spread and how genre approaches may be instructive in its identification.
Rethinking Ontological Individualism
Authors: Little Daniel
Published: February 2024

The paper offers a critique of ontological individualism as a framework for social ontology. The phrase gives unjustified priority to facts about individuals over facts about higher-level social features. The paper reviews several important contributions to more nuanced views, including Giddens, Archer, Granovetter, Mahoney, and Thelen. It is argued that our guiding “map” of the social world needs to reflect the unavoidable reciprocal dependency over time between individual actors and social entities. The ideas of methodological localism (Little) and the diachronic character of the actor-social nexus explore the inherent interdependency between actor and structure.
Self-surveillance practices of factory women migrant workers receiving SRH interventions in Malaysia: The effects of salience, gendered subjectivity and universalism
Authors: Freeman Tim , Miles Lilian , Ying Kelvin
Published: February 2024

Managing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs remains a challenge for many women migrant workers in developing countries. Nonetheless, the extent to which they can be supported in meeting these needs remains underexplored, with implications for worker health and working life. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with 25 factory women migrant workers in Penang, Malaysia, this article applies a Foucauldian lens of governmentality to explore directly their agency in managing their SRH. The authors consider the self-surveillance practices the women adopt in response to a programme of SRH interventions. The findings reveal varied degrees of compliance with programme expectations. The article demonstrates empirically the importance of the perceived salience of SRH as a motivating force in self-surveillance practices, drawing out the disempowering effects of self-consciousness and shame in gendered subjectivity. The authors further consider the impact of universalist prescriptions for SRH within locales in the developing world, and the implications for SRH interventions with factory women migrant workers in such settings.
Distribution and genesis of the Maokou Formation dolomite in Fengdu-Shizhu area, eastern Sichuan Basin
Authors: Xu Fabo , Li Li , Luo Nina , Tang Sizhe , Xiao Di , Yang Wenjie , Li Minglong , Yang Qilong , Tang Yuxin
Published: February 2024

To investigate the development laws and genesis of the Maokou Formation dolomite in the Fengdu-Shizhu area, we analyzed core, thin section, logging, and geochemical data, and obtained the following understandings: 1. The Maokou Formation dolomite includes layered granular dolomite and leopard-spotted limy dolomite which are fine to medium, and moderately euhedral, and have intergranular pores and intergranular dissolved pores; 2. Vertically, the dolomite is the superimposition of multiple stages, 3–12 m a layer and cumulatively up to 30 m. The distribution of the dolomite is controlled by sedimentary cycles and is commonly found in the middle and upper parts of the cycle; 3. The analysis of rare earth distribution and carbon, oxygen, and strontium isotopes indicates that the dolomitizing fluid is the penecontemporaneous saline seawater, and some pore edges were affected by later hydrothermal dolomitization, resulting in recrystallization of dolomite and cementation of saddle-like dolomite; 4. The relationship between the plane distribution of the dolomite and the paleogeographic pattern during the sedimentary period indicates that the dolomite is concentrated in the granular shoals near geomorphic highlands and slope break zones. In summary, it is proposed that the overlap and migration of granular shoals and isolated seawater promoted the occurrence of reflux infiltration of dolomitizing fluid and dolomitization. Multistage granular shoals on the platform margin provide a good material foundation for the development of dolomite. Karstification is conducive to the occurrence of early dolomitization within the shoals and the preservation of pores. It is found that the early dolomite of the Maokou Formation is best developed in the highlands of faults 15 and 16. The basement faults controlled the sedimentary paleogeomorphology, thereby restricting the distribution of dolomite. This understanding provides a new idea for the exploration of dolomite in the Maokou Formation in the Sichuan Basin.
‘I’m getting out to nothing’: A temporal analysis of dominant discourses and practices with residents convicted of child sex offences in probation Approved Premises
Authors: Roberts Nicola , Reeves Carla , Jackson Louise
Published: February 2024

People convicted of child sex offences are viewed as a dangerous and demonised offender group, yet little research has considered their resettlement post-residency from Approved Premises. Using data from two qualitative studies carried out 15 years apart, we explore what changes there have been in the discourses and practices with residents convicted of child sex offences. The authors found that whilst rehabilitation and resettlement were contemporarily considered as more holistic endeavours, the primary function of the Approved Premises remains managing the risks of residents convicted of child sex offences. Most significantly, this hindered their social integration into the community.
Synthetic data
Authors: Patel Preeti
Published: February 2024

The rise of data-driven businesses poses a number of significant challenges for contemporary organisations. These include legal and ethical considerations arising from the use of personal data, the growing challenges of information security, and the difficulty managing the volume of data generated in business transactions of different kinds. The exponential growth of data continues unabated with global data volumes reaching 181 zettabytes by 2025, and with 90% of the world’s data generated in the last two years alone. This massive growth can be mainly attributed to data gathered by Internet of Things (IoT) and related sensory devices, in addition to data generated through the human use of digital tools and applications. Given this abundance of real-world data, in what context could synthetic data be necessary? This paper highlights the growing organisational use of synthetic data and explores where and how it can be optimally used. It examines the ethical aspects of synthetic data usage, the need to garner public perception and acceptance, and the key aspects of traceability, accountability and risk mitigation.
Revised European Association for Palliative Care (EAPC) recommended framework on palliative sedation: An international Delphi study
Authors: Surges Séverine M , Brunsch Holger , Jaspers Birgit , Apostolidis Kathi , Cardone Antonella , Centeno Carlos , Cherny Nathan , Csikós Àgnes , Fainsinger Robin , Garralda Eduardo , Ling Julie , Menten Johan , Mercadante Sebastiano , Mosoiu Daniela , Payne Sheila , Preston Nancy , Van den Block Lieve , Hasselaar Jeroen , Radbruch Lukas
Published: February 2024

Background:

The European Association for Palliative Care (EAPC) acknowledges palliative sedation as an important, broadly accepted intervention for patients with life-limiting disease experiencing refractory symptoms. The EAPC therefore developed 2009 a framework on palliative sedation. A revision was needed due to new evidence from literature, ongoing debate and criticism of methodology, terminology and applicability.

Aim:

To provide evidence- and consensus-based guidance on palliative sedation for healthcare professionals involved in end-of-life care, for medical associations and health policy decision-makers.

Design:

Revision between June 2020 and September 2022 of the 2009 framework using a literature update and a Delphi procedure.

Setting:

European.

Participants:

International experts on palliative sedation (identified through literature search and nomination by national palliative care associations) and a European patient organisation.

Results:

A framework with 42 statements for which high or very high level of consensus was reached. Terminology is defined more precisely with the terms suffering used to encompass distressing physical and psychological symptoms as well as existential suffering and refractory to describe the untreatable (healthcare professionals) and intolerable (patient) nature of the suffering. The principle of proportionality is introduced in the definition of palliative sedation. No specific period of remaining life expectancy is defined, based on the principles of refractoriness of suffering, proportionality and independent decision-making for hydration. Patient autonomy is emphasised. A stepwise pharmacological approach and a guidance on hydration decision-making are provided.

Conclusions:

This is the first framework on palliative sedation using a strict consensus methodology. It should serve as comprehensive and soundly developed information for healthcare professionals.