bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Media and IOT Wearables in Developing Marketing Strategies. Do SMEs Differ From Large Enterprises?
Authors: Maiorescu Irina , Bucur Mihaela , Georgescu Bogdan , Moise Daniel , Strat Vasile Alecsandru , Zgură Ion Daniel
Published: September 2020

The fast development of technologies shapes the way companies address and understand their customers’ needs, including the more and more pressing call for sustainability. If, by now, many organizations use the advantages of social media in their marketing strategies, newer technologies, such as Internet of things (IoT) wearables, are not fully used to their whole potential. Thus, we conducted two research studies—a qualitative one in the form of a focus group where eight different companies’ representatives took part, followed by a quantitative one in the form of an online questionnaire, where 84 (Small and Medium Sized Enterprises) SMEs and Large Enterprises answered. The main purpose of our research was to investigate companies’ attitudes and practices about using social media and IoT wearable technologies in developing organizational marketing strategies. The results indicate that, though there are some differences in the perception and use of social media and IoT wearables for developing marketing strategies, these differences are not marked between SMEs and Large Enterprises, but rather between micro enterprises and other companies with higher numbers of employees. Additionally, there are some differences noticed between companies operating in regional, national, or international markets.
A Cultural Heritage Framework for Preserving Qatari Vernacular Domestic Architecture
Authors: AL-Mohannadi Asmaa , Furlan Raffaello , Major Mark David
Published: September 2020

Architecture and urbanism in the Arabian Gulf region, and specifically in the State of Qatar, offer many scenes to observe the loss of urban identity and cultural heritage in the various components of the built environment, including residential architecture. Many people attribute this to rapid development in globalization and the adoption of Western standardization in planning and design practice. Conversely, in the field of architectural sociology, scholars argue that socio-cultural factors such as privacy, gender segregation, and hospitality are the important variables for determining the spatial form of Islamic residential architecture. This research study aims to investigate the degree to which the shaping of the spatial form in a sample of Qatari vernacular courtyard houses embeds socio-cultural factors based on morphological analysis of human behavior and activities in domestic space. The study utilizes space syntax analysis to explore the spatial connectivity of four Qatari vernacular courtyard houses related to domestic functions as a realization of inhabitants’ system of activities and a manifestation of culture as a way of life. The study’s findings shed light on the spatial formation of Qatari vernacular courtyard houses as a realization of socio-cultural imperatives, thus reflecting the essence of societal formation in the domestic architecture of old Qatari settlements. The insights from this research study can help to contribute to a cultural heritage-framework for the preservation of distinctive Qatari Vernacular Residential Architecture based on the analytical criteria of housing spatial form, socio-cultural factors, and the interrelation between both.
Interpretation of the Magnetic Field Signals Emitted by Encoded Asphalt Pavement Materials
Authors: Leiva-Padilla Paulina , Moreno-Navarro Fernando , Iglesias Guillermo , Rubio-Gamez Mª Carmen
Published: September 2020

Asphalt materials modified with different types and dosages of magnetically responsive materials can emit patterns of magnetic signals easily detectable by magnetic field sensors. These patterns could be used to encode roads and improve infrastructure-to-vehicle (I2V)/road-to-vehicle (R2V) communications. In this sense, this paper presents a laboratory study addressed to analyze the magnetic field signals emitted by encoded asphalt specimens manufactured with various dosages of steel fibers. The analysis consisted in the evaluation of the influence of three parameters: (1) the height of placement of the magnetic field sensors, (2) the approach speed of the encoded specimen/vehicle and (3) the distance from signal detection. Results show that, for each one of the parameters evaluated, there is a limit value below which it is possible to work with the magnetic signal emitted by the encoded samples. A proof of concept was used to validate the results obtained.
An “Illumination Moving with the Vehicle” Intelligent Control System of Road Tunnel Lighting
Authors: Wang Yaqiong , Cui Yiwei , Chen Feng , Ren Rui
Published: September 2020

To reduce the enormous waste of electric energy in tunnel lighting, an intelligent control system of road tunnel lighting which can realize the effect of illumination moving with the vehicle is proposed. In this system, the group control of LED lamps is realized based on Air Lamp lighting technology through the wide area fusion Internet of Things (WF-IoT). By the group control of LED lamps, the tunnel lighting is divided into several illumination segments. When the vehicle is detected by the surveillance camera, the corresponding LED group can be adjusted to the demand luminance according to the environmental conditions and traffic information. The other LED groups maintain 10% of the maximum luminance to reduce energy consumption. To realize the effect of illumination moving with the vehicle, the structure of the intelligent control system and hardware system is designed, and the length of the illumination segment is calculated. To evaluate the lighting effect of the intelligent control system, a simulation model of tunnel lighting is established. In addition, the energy-saving effect of the intelligent control system is evaluated. The results show that the intelligent control system can meet the requirements of illumination in a tunnel and have a notable energy-saving effect.
Atmospheric Micro and Nanoplastics: An Enormous Microscopic Problem
Authors: Bianco Angelica , Passananti Monica
Published: September 2020

Atmospheric plastic pollution is now a global problem. Microplastics (MP) have been detected in urban atmospheres as well as in remote and pristine environments, showing that suspension, deposition and aeolian transport of MP should be included and considered as a major transport pathway in the plastic life cycle. This work reports an up to date review of the experimental estimation of deposition rate of MP in rural and urban environment, also analyzing the correlation with meteorological factors. Due to the limitations in sampling and instrumental methodology, little is known about MP and nanoplastics (NP) with sizes lower than 50 µm. In this review, we describe how NP could be transported for longer distances than MP, making them globally present and potentially more concentrated than MP. We highlight that it is crucial to explore new methodologies to collect and analyze NP. Future research should focus on the development of new technologies, combining the existent knowledge on nanomaterial and atmospheric particle analysis.
Understanding the Discrimination Experienced by Customers with Disabilities in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry: The Case of Seoul in South Korea
Authors: Lim Jee-Eun
Published: September 2020

This article begins with the view that the research of accessible tourism should not only find justification for increasing demand but also have the ultimate purpose of seeking justice for an equitable society. To this end, prior research on accessible tourism is theoretically outlined, and the concepts, causes, and aspects of disability discrimination are considered. In addition, cases of discrimination of customers with disabilities in the tourism and hospitality industries are investigated by an ethnographic approach. The findings are categorized into seven sections, depending on the type of lack of understanding of customers with disabilities. In other words, service providers have a stereotypical view that customers with disabilities have similar attributes, and they also fail to free customers with disabilities from the prejudice of customers with nondisabilities, who may generalize the group with disabilities with a negative and hostile attitude. Additionally, tourist attractions, lodging, and dining infrastructure have caused a stigma that lowers the activities of customers with disabilities to bystanders or makes customers with disabilities more recognized as a social protection target rather than members of society. Therefore, marketing implications can be discussed in terms of physical facilities and human services at the key points where discrimination against customers with disabilities occurs, as can be seen from the results of this study.
Historical-Cultural Sustainability Model for Archaeological Sites in Mexico Using Virtual Technologies
Authors: Ambrosio Arias Angel Geovanni , Moreno Escobar Jesús Jaime , Tejeida Padilla Ricardo , Morales Matamoros Oswaldo
Published: September 2020

The use of virtual and immersion technologies has expanded considerably due to their impact on user experience, economy, knowledge, and sustainable conservation of cultural heritage according to studies conducted in various parts of the world in different disciplines (architecture, economy, entertainment, health, tourism, etc.), including on tourism in Mexico. These technologies are used in some archaeological sites, but development and implementation are scarce due to the lack of economic strategies, infrastructure, and human capital, which are preventing the sustainable exploitation of those sites, although some of these sites have met the basic requirements for providing a better experience to visitors. However, these sites should be studied to propose integral solutions not only to improve the tourist experience, but also to assist in their protection, conservation, and sustainable development. Here, we used knowledge from the soft systems methodology and the hologram generation system to generate proposals to solve the problem described. The result is a sustainable historical-cultural model based on the systemic approach, whose objective is to positively impact the visitor experience while maintaining harmony with the environment.
A Novel Approach for Determination of Reliability of Covering a Node from K Nodes
Authors: Panić Biljana , Kontrec Nataša , Vujošević Mirko , Panić Stefan
Published: September 2020

In this paper, a stochastic problem of multicenter location on a graph was formulated through the modification of the existing p-center problem to determine the location of a given number of facilities, to maximize the reliability of supplying the system. The system is represented by a graph whose nodes are the locations of demand and the potential facilities, while the weights of the arcs represent the reliability, i.e., the probability that an appropriate branch is available. First, k locations of facilities are randomly determined. Using a modified Dijkstra’s algorithm, the elementary path of maximal reliability for every demand node is determined. Then, a graph of all of elementary paths for demand node is formed. Finally, a new algorithm for calculating the reliability of covering a node from k nodes (k—covering reliability) was formulated.
Connectedness and Stratification of Single-Valued Neutrosophic Topological Spaces
Authors: Saber Yaser , Alsharari Fahad , Smarandache Florentin , Abdel-Sattar Mohammed
Published: September 2020

This paper aims to introduce the notion of r-single-valued neutrosophic connected sets in single-valued neutrosophic topological spaces, which is considered as a generalization of r-connected sets in Šostak’s sense and r-connected sets in intuitionistic fuzzy topological spaces. In addition, it introduces the concept of r-single-valued neutrosophic separated and obtains some of its basic properties. It also tries to show that every r-single-valued neutrosophic component in single-valued neutrosophic topological spaces is an r-single-valued neutrosophic component in the stratification of it. Finally, for the purpose of symmetry, it defines the so-called single-valued neutrosophic relations.
Deep Neural Network Algorithm Feedback Model with Behavioral Intelligence and Forecast Accuracy
Authors: Jeong Taikyeong
Published: September 2020

When attempting to apply a large-scale database that holds the behavioral intelligence training data of deep neural networks, the classification accuracy of the artificial intelligence algorithm needs to reflect the behavioral characteristics of the individual. When a change in behavior is recognized, that is, a feedback model based on a data connection model is applied, an analysis of time series data is performed by extracting feature vectors and interpolating data in a deep neural network to overcome the limitations of the existing statistical analysis. Using the results of the first feedback model as inputs to the deep neural network and, furthermore, as the input values of the second feedback model, and interpolating the behavioral intelligence data, that is, context awareness and lifelog data, including physical activities, involves applying the most appropriate conditions. The results of this study show that this method effectively improves the accuracy of the artificial intelligence results. In this paper, through an experiment, after extracting the feature vector of a deep neural network and restoring the missing value, the classification accuracy was verified to improve by about 20% on average. At the same time, by adding behavioral intelligence data to the time series data, a new data connection model, the Deep Neural Network Feedback Model, was proposed, and it was verified that the classification accuracy can be improved by about 8 to 9% on average. Based on the hypothesis, the F (X′) = X model was applied to thoroughly classify the training data set and test data set to present a symmetrical balance between the data connection model and the context-aware data. In addition, behavioral activity data were extrapolated in terms of context-aware and forecasting perspectives to prove the results of the experiment.
Empirical Consequences of Emergent Mass
Authors: Roberts Craig
Published: September 2020

The Lagrangian that defines quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the strong interaction piece of the Standard Model, appears very simple. Nevertheless, it is responsible for an astonishing array of high-level phenomena with enormous apparent complexity, e.g., the existence, number and structure of atomic nuclei. The source of all these things can be traced to emergent mass, which might itself be QCD’s self-stabilising mechanism. A background to this perspective is provided, presenting, inter alia, a discussion of the gluon mass and QCD’s process-independent effective charge and highlighting an array of observable expressions of emergent mass, ranging from its manifestations in pion parton distributions to those in nucleon electromagnetic form factors.
The Effects of Selenium on Wheat Fusarium Head Blight and DON Accumulation Were Selenium Compound-Dependent
Authors: Mao Xueyun , Hua Chen , Yang Liang , Zhang Yuhui , Sun Zhengxi , Li Lei , Li Tao
Published: September 2020

Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum not only results in severe yield losses, but also contaminates wheat grains with deoxynivalenol (DON) toxins. Prevention and control of FHB and DON contamination rely mainly on resistant varieties and fungicides. Selenium (Se) is an essential element for humans and animals, and also a beneficial element for plants. In this work, four Se compounds, i.e., sodium selenite (Na2SeO3), sodium selenate (Na2SeO4), selenomethionine (SeMet) and selenocysteine (SeCys2), were supplemented in a trichothecene biosynthesis induction (TBI) solid medium at different dosages in in vitro experiments. The four Se compounds at the dosage of 20 mg∙L−1 were sprayed onto wheat spikes immediately after inoculation at anthesis. All four of the Se compounds significantly inhibited the mycelial growth and DON production in the in vitro experiment; however, in planta, their effects on FHB severity and toxin accumulation in grains were compound-dependent. SeMet consistently negatively regulated fungal growth and DON accumulation both in vitro and in planta, which could be a novel and proconsumer strategy for reducing the detriment of wheat FHB disease and DON accumulation.
Bee Venom Melittin Protects against Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Mice via the Regulation of M2 Macrophage Activation
Authors: Kim Hyunseong , Hong Jin Young , Jeon Wan-Jin , Baek Seung Ho , Ha In-Hyuk
Published: September 2020

Inflammation is an essential biological response that eliminates pathogenic bacteria and repairs tissue after injury. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with systemic and intrarenal inflammation as the inflammatory process decreases renal function and promotes progression to advanced chronic kidney disease. Macrophages are key mediators of the inflammatory response; their activation influences the immune system and may have various effects. Classically activated type I macrophages (M1) produce a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines at the lesion site. However, anti-inflammatory type II macrophages (M2) are alternatively activated upon exposure to anti-inflammatory cytokines and are associated with wound healing and tissue repair following AKI. Here, we used melittin from bee venom to enhance the polarization of M2 macrophages and promote renal recovery after AKI. Melittin was administered to mice intraperitoneally for 5 days at various concentrations (10, 50, and 100 µg/kg); serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were analyzed 72 h after cisplatin administration to confirm renal dysfunction. Melittin inhibited the cisplatin-induced increase in creatinine and BUN, an indicator of renal dysfunction. The expression of M1 markers (CD16/32) decreased significantly, whereas that of M2 markers (CD206, Arg1nase I) increased after melittin administration. Consistently, tubular necrosis was substantially reduced in melittin-treated mice. Thus, melittin alleviates cisplatin-induced AKI by regulating M2 macrophage expression.
Bile Facilitates Human Norovirus Interactions with Diverse Histoblood Group Antigens, Compensating for Capsid Microvariation Observed in 2016–2017 GII.2 Strains
Authors: Mallory Michael L. , Lindesmith Lisa C. , Brewer-Jensen Paul D. , Graham Rachel L. , Baric Ralph S.
Published: September 2020

Human norovirus (HuNoV) is the leading cause of global infectious acute gastroenteritis, causing ~20% of reported diarrheal episodes. Typically, GII.4 strains cause 50–70% of yearly outbreaks, and pandemic waves of disease approximately every 2–7 years due to rapid evolution. Importantly, GII.4 dominance is occasionally challenged by the sudden emergence of other GII strains, most recently by GII.2 strains which peaked in 2016–2017, dramatically increasing from 1% to 20% of total HuNoV outbreaks. To determine if viral capsid evolution may account for the sudden rise in GII.2 outbreaks, Virus Like Particles (VLPs) of two 2016–2017 GII.2 strains were compared by antigenic and histo blood group antigen (HBGA) binding profiles to the prototypic 1976 GII.2 Snow Mountain Virus (SMV) strain. Despite >50 years of GII.2 strain persistence in human populations, limited sequence diversity and antigenic differences were identified between strains. However, capsid microvariation did affect HBGA binding patterns, with contemporary strains demonstrating decreased avidity for type A saliva. Furthermore, bile salts increased GII.2 VLP avidity for HBGAs, but did not alter antigenicity. These data indicate that large changes in antigenicity or receptor binding are unlikely to explain GII.2 emergence, in contrast to the pandemic GII.4 strains, and indicate that host factors such as waning or remodeling of serum or mucosal immunity likely contributed to the surge in GII.2 prevalence.
Sequence Analysis of Egyptian Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Field and Vaccine Strains: Intertypic Recombination and Evidence for Accidental Release of Virulent Virus
Authors: Abd El Rahman Sahar , Hoffmann Bernd , Karam Reham , El-Beskawy Mohamed , Hamed Mohammed F. , Forth Leonie F. , Höper Dirk , Eschbaumer Michael
Published: September 2020

In spite of annual mass vaccination programs with polyvalent inactivated vaccines, the incidence and economic impact of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Egypt is high. Viruses of the A, O and SAT 2 serotypes are endemic and repeated incursions of new lineages from other countries lead to an unstable situation that makes the selection of appropriate vaccine antigens very difficult. In this study, whole genome sequencing of a 2016 serotype A isolate from Egypt revealed a recombination event with an African serotype O virus. Based on available vaccine matching data, none of the vaccines currently used in Egypt are expected to sufficiently protect against this virus or other viruses of this lineage (A/AFRICA/G-IV) circulating there since 2012. In addition to the risk of vaccine failure caused by strain mismatch, the production of inactivated FMD vaccines is dangerous if adequate biosafety cannot be maintained. Using a high-throughput sequencing protocol optimized for short nucleic acid fragments, the composition of a local inactivated vaccine was analyzed in depth. The serotype O strain identified in the vaccine was genetically identical to viruses found in recent FMD outbreaks in Egypt.
Comprehensive Analysis of Codon Usage on Porcine Astrovirus
Authors: Wu Huiguang , Bao Zhengyu , Mou Chunxiao , Chen Zhenhai , Zhao Jingwen
Published: September 2020

Porcine astrovirus (PAstV), associated with mild diarrhea and neurological disease, is transmitted in pig farms worldwide. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the main factors affecting codon usage to PAstVs. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the subtype PAstV-5 sat at the bottom of phylogenetic tree, followed by PAstV-3, PAstV-1, PAstV-2, and PAstV-4, indicating that the five existing subtypes (PAstV1-PAstV5) may be formed by multiple differentiations of PAstV ancestors. A codon usage bias was found in the PAstVs-2,3,4,5 from the analyses of effective number of codons (ENC) and relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU). Nucleotides A/U are more frequently used than nucleotides C/G in the genome CDSs of the PAstVs-3,4,5. Codon usage patterns of PAstV-5 are dominated by mutation pressure and natural selection, while natural selection is the main evolutionary force that affects the codon usage pattern of PAstVs-2,3,4. The analyses of codon adaptation index (CAI), relative codon deoptimization index (RCDI), and similarity index (SiD) showed the codon usage similarities between the PAstV and animals might contribute to the broad host range and the cross-species transmission of astrovirus. Our results provide insight into understanding the PAstV evolution and codon usage patterns.
The Husavirus Posa-Like Viruses in China, and a New Group of Picornavirales
Authors: Han Zhenzhi , Xiao Jinbo , Song Yang , Hong Mei , Dai Guolong , Lu Huanhuan , Zhang Man , Liang Yueling , Yan Dongmei , Zhu Shuangli , Xu Wenbo , Zhang Yong
Published: September 2020

Novel posa-like viral genomes were first identified in swine fecal samples using metagenomics and were designated as unclassified viruses in the order Picornavirales. In the present study, nine husavirus strains were identified in China. Their genomes share 94.1–99.9% similarity, and alignment of these nine husavirus strains identified 697 nucleotide polymorphism sites across their full-length genomes. These nine strains were directly clustered with the Husavirus 1 lineage, and their genomic arrangement showed similar characteristics. These posa-like viruses have undergone a complex evolutionary process, and have a wide geographic distribution, complex host spectrum, deep phylogenetic divergence, and diverse genomic organizations. The clade of posa-like viruses forms a single group, which is evolutionarily distinct from other known families and could represent a distinct family within the Picornavirales. The genomic arrangement of Picornavirales and the new posa-like viruses are different, whereas the posa-like viruses have genomic modules similar to the families Dicistroviridae and Marnaviridae. The present study provides valuable genetic evidence of husaviruses in China, and clarifies the phylogenetic dynamics and the evolutionary characteristics of Picornavirales.
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Interferes with Swine Influenza A Virus Infection of Epithelial Cells
Authors: Saade Georges , Ménard Déborah , Hervet Caroline , Renson Patricia , Hue Erika , Zhu Jianzhong , Dubreil Laurence , Paillot Romain , Pronost Stéphane , Bourry Olivier , Simon Gaëlle , Dupont Joëlle , Bertho Nicolas , Meurens François
Published: September 2020

Respiratory infections are still a major concern in pigs. Amongst the involved viruses, the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and the swine influenza type A virus (swIAV) have a major impact. These viruses frequently encounter and dual infections are reported. We analyzed here the molecular interactions between viruses and porcine tracheal epithelial cells as well as lung tissue. PRRSV-1 species do not infect porcine respiratory epithelial cells. However, PRRSV-1, when inoculated simultaneously or shortly before swIAV, was able to inhibit swIAV H1N2 infection, modulate the interferon response and alter signaling protein phosphorylations (ERK, AKT, AMPK, and JAK2), in our conditions. SwIAV inhibition was also observed, although at a lower level, by inactivated PRRSV-1, whereas acid wash treatment inactivating non-penetrated viruses suppressed the interference effect. PRRSV-1 and swIAV may interact at several stages, before their attachment to the cells, when they attach to their receptors, and later on. In conclusion, we showed for the first time that PRRSV can alter the relation between swIAV and its main target cells, opening the doors to further studies on the interplay between viruses. Consequences of these peculiar interactions on viral infections and vaccinations using modified live vaccines require further investigations.
Characterization of the Burkholderia cenocepacia J2315 Surface-Exposed Immunoproteome
Authors: Sousa Sílvia A. , Seixas António M.M. , Mandal Manoj , Rodríguez-Ortega Manuel J. , Leitão Jorge H.
Published: September 2020

Infections by the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) remain seriously life threatening to cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, and no effective eradication is available. A vaccine to protect patients against Bcc infections is a highly attractive therapeutic option, but none is available. A strategy combining the bioinformatics identification of putative surface-exposed proteins with an experimental approach encompassing the “shaving” of surface-exposed proteins with trypsin followed by peptide identification by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry is here reported. The methodology allowed the bioinformatics identification of 263 potentially surface-exposed proteins, 16 of them also experimentally identified by the “shaving” approach. Of the proteins identified, 143 have a high probability of containing B-cell epitopes that are surface-exposed. The immunogenicity of three of these proteins was demonstrated using serum samples from Bcc-infected CF patients and Western blotting, validating the usefulness of this methodology in identifying potentially immunogenic surface-exposed proteins that might be used for the development of Bcc-protective vaccines.
Bayesian Joint Input-State Estimation for Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Rogers Timothy J. , Worden Keith , Cross Elizabeth J.
Published: September 2020

This work suggests a solution for joint input-state estimation for nonlinear systems. The task is to recover the internal states of a nonlinear oscillator, the displacement and velocity of the system, and the unmeasured external forces applied. To do this, a Gaussian process latent force model is developed for nonlinear systems. The model places a Gaussian process prior over the unknown input forces for the system, converts this into a state-space form and then augments the nonlinear system with these additional hidden states. To perform inference over this nonlinear state-space model a particle Gibbs approach is used combining a “Particle Gibbs with Ancestor Sampling” Markov kernel for the states and a Metropolis-Hastings update for the hyperparameters of the Gaussian process. This approach is shown to be effective in a numerical case study on a Duffing oscillator where the internal states and the unknown forcing are recovered, each with a normalised mean-squared error less than 0.5%. It is also shown how this Bayesian approach allows uncertainty quantification of the estimates of the states and inputs which can be invaluable in further engineering analyses.
Isolation and Identification of Two Algae-Lysing Bacteria against Microcystis aeruginosa
Authors: Yang Jing , Qiao Kai , Lv Junping , Liu Qi , Nan Fangru , Xie Shulian , Feng Jia
Published: September 2020

Algae blooms present an environmental problem worldwide. In response to the outbreak of harmful algal blooms in cyanobacteria, the role of biological control has drawn wide attention, particularly for algicidal bacteria. The mechanism underlying algicidal activity was determined in our study. Algae-lysing bacteria used were separated from water and sediment collected from the Fenhe scenic spot of Taiyuan. Genetic and molecular identification was conducted by polymerase chain reaction amplification based on 16S rDNA gene. These bacterial strains were identified as Raoultella planticola and Aeromonas sp. The algae-lysing characteristics were evaluated on Microcystis aeruginosa. For the two algicidal bacteria, the high inoculation ratio (>8%) of bacteria strains contributed to the lytic effect. M. aeruginosa could be completely removed by these strains at different cell ages. However, the time used decreased with an increase in cell age. The removal rate was increased while M. aeruginosa was in the lag and logarithmic phases. The earlier bacteria strains could be inoculated, the sooner all algae could be removed. Both algicidal substances were protein, which could destroy the photosynthetic systems and break the cell of M. aeruginosa. The algicidal bacteria strain has important theoretical and practical significance for economic and feasible algae removal and provides good germplasm resources and technical support for the control of cyanobacterial bloom.
Ready for Drought? A Community Resilience Role-Playing Game
Authors: Poděbradská Markéta , Noel Mary , Bathke Deborah , Haigh Tonya , Hayes Michael
Published: September 2020

Drought is an abstract and complex phenomenon that can be difficult for many people to comprehend. Proactive planning to improve response during drought events is necessary but complicated because it involves stakeholders and decision-makers with competing interests. A category of games, called serious games, have proven to be helpful when learning about abstract concepts, and for improving communication and conflict resolution with respect to water-related issues. In this study, we present a new in-person role-playing game that serves as a drought educational tool in both classroom and professional settings. The message of the game emphasizes the importance of communication and cooperation between various communities and sectors that can be affected by drought. Furthermore, it also encourages discussions and collaborations between stakeholders involved in drought planning and can serve as an icebreaker activity. The game has been played in a variety of settings including university classes, university extension workshops, and drought workshops. This study describes the game itself, its development, and the results of surveys from game participants that were used to evaluate the usability of the game as an educational and icebreaker activity.
Damage Model and Experimental Study of a Sand Grouting-Reinforced Body in a Seawater Environment
Authors: Wang Hongbo , Liu Quanwei , Sun Shangqu , Zhang Qingsong , Li Zhipeng , Zhang Pengfei
Published: September 2020

A water-rich sand layer is a common stratum in marine underground engineering. Grouting is a technology for soil or rock sealing, a method to solve the water seepage problem, and can be used to solve geological challenges in water-rich sand layers. A grouting-reinforced body deteriorates by the long-term erosion of seawater, resulting in attenuation of the performance of the solid. Obtaining the decay law of the performance of the grouting-reinforced body can guarantee the safe operation of the underground structure over a long life cycle. To this end, by describing the solid damage after seawater erosion, the stress–strain curve and the relationship between the damage variable and the internal micro-cracks and pores in the grouting-reinforced body were analyzed. Then, a constitutive model of the solid damage in the seawater environment was established. The stress–strain curve of added solid after deterioration was obtained by designing an indoor grouting reinforcement test and an accelerated deterioration test. Finally, the constitutive model of the sand layer plus solid deterioration in a seawater environment was determined. This research is of great importance for improving the deterioration theory under a seawater environment and ensuring the long term safety of tunnel operations.
Using Multisource Geospatial Data to Identify Potential Wetland Rehabilitation Areas: A Pilot Study in China’s Sanjiang Plain
Authors: Qiu Zhiqiang , Luo Ling , Mao Dehua , Du Baojia , Feng Kaidong , Jia Mingming , Wang Zongming
Published: September 2020

Wetland rehabilitation, highlighted in the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), is imperative for responding to decreased regional biodiversity and degraded ecosystem functions and services. Knowing where the most suitable wetland rehabilitation areas are can strengthen scientific planning and decision-making for natural wetland conservation and management implementation. Therefore, we integrated multisource geospatial data characterizing hydrological, topographical, management, and policy factors, including maximum surface water coverage, farming time, anthropogenic disturbance, and wetland protection level, to identify potential wetland rehabilitation areas in the Sanjiang Plain (SJP), the largest marsh distribution and a hotspot wetland loss region in China. Our results indicate that a total of 11,643 km2 of wetlands were converted into croplands for agricultural production from 1990 to 2018. We estimated that 5415 km2 of the croplands were suitable for wetland rehabilitation in the SJP, of which 4193 km2 (77%) have high rehabilitation priority. Specifically, 63% of the potential areas available for wetland rehabilitation are dry croplands (3419 km2), the rest (37%) being paddy fields. We argue that the selected indicators and approach used in this study to determine potential wetland rehabilitation areas could guide their investigation, at either the provincial or national scale and would be beneficial to conservation and sustainable management of wetlands in the SJP.
Storm Driven Seasonal Variation in the Thermal Response of the Streambed Water of a Low-Gradient Stream
Authors: Oware Erasmus K. , Peterson Eric W.
Published: September 2020

Storm events strongly influence water temperatures in the saturated substrate underlying stream channels, or the hyporheic zone (HZ). The goal of this study was to evaluate the impacts of storm events on thermal transport in the HZ. A year of temperature data were collected from six (6) multi-level samplers at multiple depths (30 cm, 60 cm, 90 cm and 150 cm) and were categorized into seasonal storm events. Analysis of the HZ temperature profiles revealed a seasonal reversal in the post-storm temperature change (ΔT) in the substrate. Increases in the ΔT were observed in the warm period (summer), whereas decreases occurred during the cold period (winter); both were associated with the direction of the pre-storm thermal gradient between the stream and substrate temperatures. The amplitude of ΔT became muted with increasing depth. Two-sample t-test analyses showed statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-storm temperatures at all depths during the warm period and at all depths except 150 cm in the cold period. Upwelling groundwater moderates the thermal response. There were no statistically significant differences in the pre- and post-storm stream temperatures during both the cold and warm periods.
Doctor Retention in Ireland - Where Are the Failings That Prolong the Problem? Comment on "Doctor Retention: A Cross-sectional Study of How Ireland Has Been Losing the Battle"
Authors: Offiah Gozie , Murray Frank , Walsh Consilia
Published: September 2020

The issue of doctor retention has been a challenge in Ireland for many years. Poor working conditions including poor supervision, cost of training, bullying, worsening mentoring experiences and speciality specific issues are a substantial challenge faced by doctors in Ireland, thus leading to a higher degree of emigration. While some changes have been introduced to the system and have some positive effects, the root causes of doctor emigration have not been addressed. This commentary reviews the publication by Brugha et al published in the IJHPM in April 2020 on "Doctor Retention: A Cross-sectional Study of How Ireland Has Been Losing the Battle" and explains why the current system needs to change for the benefit of patient safety, doctor well-being and better patient care. Ireland’s Health Service Executive intends to take steps towards developing a new model of medical workforce to address the issue of recruitment and retention challenges within the healthcare system.
What Is COVID-19 Teaching Us About Community Health Systems? A Reflection From a Rapid Community-Led Mutual Aid Response in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: van Ryneveld Manya , Whyle Eleanor , Brady Leanne
Published: September 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has exposed the wide gaps in South Africa’s formal social safety net, with the country’s high levels of inequality, unemployment and poor public infrastructure combining to produce devastating consequences for a vast majority in the country living through lockdown. In Cape Town, a movement of self-organising, neighbourhood-level community action networks (CANs) has contributed significantly to the community-based response to COVID-19 and the ensuing epidemiological and social challenges it has wrought. This article describes and explains the organising principles that inform this community response, with the view to reflect on the possibilities and limits of such movements as they interface with the state and its top-down ways of working, often producing contradictions and complexities. This presents an opportunity for recognising and understanding the power of informal networks and collective action in community health systems in times of unprecedented crisis, and brings into focus the importance of finding ways to engage with the state and its formal health system response that do not jeopardise this potential.
கூற்றுகளில் வெளிப்படும் மன உணர்வுகள்
Authors: Manimozhi T
Published: September 2020

Claims are based on the mental feelings of the inner mantras in Sangam literature. Scholars have expressed happiness and regret at the comments. Such is also the case in Kapilar’s songs. The nature of the lovers is subtly stated. Kapilar has directly and indirectly expressed the emotion of the lover and the girlfriend. The expressions of the heart are expressed in the songs of the girlfriend and her friend. Kapilar has created feminine pride in his song. This way the girlfriend and her friend are perceived as the best qualities for women in the Sangam society..
Decoding the Battlelust: A Note on the Provocations to War in the Purananuru
Authors: Ali Nazir
Published: September 2020

Unfettered by the tinais and turais by which the Purananuru is organized, this paper looks at the issues and subjectivities of the ancient Tamil society which determined its attitudes towards war. It includes in its narration not just the members of the royalty alone but every other stakeholder whose life was altered by war: the mother, the wife and the man himself. What the paper hopes to present is, by eschewing a theoretical framework, a world closer to the realities embodied and embedded in the poems of the Purananuru. Besides mapping the discourse of the society concerning war and heroism, it analyses the causes which frequently produced wars keeping the society in a state of perpetual volatility. Interestingly, it finds the glamorised world of the warrior co-existing with the gritty and often gruesome realities of the battlefield, with all its blood and gore.
தேசம் மக்களால் ஆனது கோட்பாட்டை வலியுறுத்திய மண்சுமந்த மேனியர் நாடகம்
Authors: Thevananth Thevanayagam
Published: September 2020

Is in play. The play is made up of everyday life activities. The place where the action takes place is defined as the stage. Drama is the best of human language that uses verbal and physical devices to reflect life.The stage is seen as a process and is used as a tool to achieve human development goals. The stage is a way to understand the nature of aggression. This is a collaborative effort of many. It invites people there to engage in creative processes. Creativity is defined as a process by which innovation can be achieved.The platform of the oppressed emerges from the belief that the role of society in changing oppression and achieving liberation from oppression can be critically explained. But drama for social change and liberation from oppression; has been used for years. This study explores the potential dynamics of drama to achieve an ideal goal based on theatrical literature.Theatrical font intended for content analysis methodology. The forum has helped people in Jaffna, Sri Lanka to develop their problem-solving skills to eliminate oppression, empower and strategize. It used theatrical methods to break down internal and external oppression into everyday life and future challenges.This study looks at how the Mansumanthamaniyar play, produced by Jaffna University students in the mid-1980s, which saw the intensification of the Tamil liberation struggle in Sri Lanka, motivated the youth and the people towards liberation and emphasized the principle of ‘the nation became the people’.
கலை, பண்பாட்டுத் தளத்தில் சோமேசுவரர் திருக்கோயில்
Authors: Raja A
Published: September 2020

The temples have existed since the Sangam period, although they were built of perishable soil and wood and did not last long. But instead the Pallavas were the first to build cave temples and stone temples. It was later followed by the Pandya and Chola dynasties. This article describes the history, architecture and sculpture of the Someswarar Temple in Anthakudi, in the Keezhvellore taluk, Nagapattinam District, based on the evidence obtained through a field study. Along with these, the information known through the medieval Chola inscriptions here, the ancient Tamil people Architecture technique, structure of the temple and Chola sculptures have been studied historically. Therefore, it would not be an exaggeration to say that the ancient temples are not only places of worship but also treasures of art, history and culture.
இசுலாமியச் சமூகத்தில் ஊடாடும் சாதியப் படிநிலைகளுக்கிடையேயான உட்பூசல்கள் (இசுலாமியப் புதினங்களை முன்வைத்து)
Authors: Ameena Banu S
Published: September 2020

The Indian entry into Islam is through Arab merchants, Sufis and various settlements. Islam used the classical literary forms of Tamils and folk literature as the main medium for its religious spread. The purpose of this article is to explore the issues of interaction within Islamic societies recorded in novels, contemporary literary forms of Islamic literature that continue to operate on such a historical surface.
இச்சா:ஈழத்தமிழரின் வலியும் வேதனையும் ததும்பிடும் துன்பியல் கதை
Authors: Murugesapandian N
Published: September 2020

The struggle of the Eelam Tamils and the repression of the Sinhala chauvinist army against it have a long history dating back to 1981 until the 2009 Mullivaikkal massacre.The atrocity of desecrating human bodies without any virtue has taken place naturally in Sri Lanka.The struggles of the movements for Tamil liberation, especially the fierce war against the government by LTTE, brutal military attacks of the Sinhala chauvinist state, armed struggle against LTTE with the support of the West, including India and China.Blood is pouring down the pages of Sri Lanka’ s history.The armed Eelam war led by Velupillai Prabhakaran in the history is incomparable; have a strong. The heroic wars of the LTTE was float in the air as indelible memories.The thirty-year armed struggle of Tamil Eelam is today became stories for future generations.A novel namely, Ichaa written by Shobha sakti with the understanding that creation is a political activity, has emerged as a social critique.The uniqueness of Ichaa’ novel is that it questions the politics of power embedded in the destruction of human dignity and values. This article expands into a cross-sectional critique of Ichaa novel, written in a political context of the past.
குழந்தை மொழி
Authors: Nirmal Karunakaran T
Published: September 2020

Valluvar says of the child’s language, “He who does not listen to the words of his people.” The language of the child is different from the language spoken by the children and the language spoken for the children.Children’s language is the way in which children absorb and reflect on the element that parents speak in their own language. Children’s cognition is related to the phonetic notes of the language spoken by those around them and to the phonetic notes of the properties of the objects.From the age of two to five, children perceive the sounds of words according to their comprehension and manipulate language with phonetic notes in response to them. Despite the differences in the languages used by man, there are still variations on the family language, the community language, and the written language.The child can understand the nature of such language changes according to his experience in the difficulties that appear in its use of language.
வாதிரியார் இனத்தின் சமூக பொருளாதார வாழ்க்கை முறை
Authors: Kaliyanikumar M , Chellappa A
Published: September 2020

Folk handicrafts are also created for the purpose of utilization. The techniques for these are traditionally and often caste-based. Artisans engaged in the industry use minimal tools to produce handicrafts using locally available raw materials.