bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automatic Determination of the SLR Reference Point at Côte d’Azur Multi-Technique Geodetic Observatory
Authors: Barnéoud Julien , Courde Clément , Beilin Jacques , Germerie-Guizouarn Madec , Pesce Damien , Vidal Maurin , Collilieux Xavier , Maurice Nicolas
Published: September 2023

The Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) station known as GRSM-7845 in the International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS) is hosted by the Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur (OCA) located in Caussols, France. Its reference point is the intersection of the telescope axes, which is supposed to be static. Measuring devices and a data processing chain were set up to automatically determine this point, more quickly and accurately than traditional local survey. In order to use an indirect approach (circular fitting), circular and motorized prisms were fixed on the station to be always visible during the telescope rotation. A software package was developed to control the telescope, the dome and the total station motions for fully automatic measurements. In addition to providing an easy determination of the cross-axis for local ties, this system will allow to study the potential motion of the telescope’s axes intersection throughout the year.
Tailoring Transformative Governance for the Common Good
Authors: Caro-Gonzalez Antonia
Published: September 2023

This chapter delves on the exploration of key approaches and principles that underpin transformative governance.
Establishing a Culture of Innovation and Risk-Taking
Authors: Caro-Gonzalez Antonia
Published: September 2023

This chapter highlights the importance of creating just and inclusive dynamics within organisations.
Improved prediction of long-term kidney outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes by levels of circulating haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells
Authors: Bonora Benedetta Maria , Morieri Mario Luca , Marassi Marella , Cappellari Roberta , Avogaro Angelo , Fadini Gian Paolo
Published: September 2023

Aim/hypothesis

We examined whether prediction of long-term kidney outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes can be improved by measuring circulating levels of haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), which are reduced in diabetes and are associated with cardiovascular risk.

Methods

We included individuals with type 2 diabetes who had a baseline determination of circulating HSPCs in 2004–2019 at the diabetes centre of the University Hospital of Padua and divided them into two groups based on their median value per ml of blood. We collected updated data on eGFR and albuminuria up to December 2022. The primary endpoint was a composite of new-onset macroalbuminuria, sustained ≥40% eGFR decline, end-stage kidney disease or death from any cause. The analyses were adjusted for known predictors of kidney disease in the population with diabetes.

Results

We analysed 342 participants (67.8% men) with a mean age of 65.6 years. Those with low HSPC counts (n=171) were significantly older and had a greater prevalence of hypertension, heart failure and nephropathy (45.0% vs 33.9%; p=0.036), as evidenced by lower eGFR and higher albuminuria at baseline. During a median follow-up of 6.7 years, participants with high vs low HSPC counts had lower rates of the composite kidney outcome (adjusted HR 0.69 [95% CI 0.49, 0.97]), slower decline in eGFR and a similar increase in albuminuria. Adding the HSPC information to the risk score of the CKD Prognosis Consortium significantly improved discrimination of individuals with future adverse kidney outcomes.

Conclusions/interpretation

HSPC levels predict worsening of kidney function and improve the identification of individuals with type 2 diabetes and adverse kidney outcomes over and beyond a clinical risk score.

Graphical Abstract
High body mass index is not a contraindication for an arthroscopic ligament repair with biological augmentation in case of chronic ankle instability
Authors: Guiraud Kevin , Nunes Gustavo Araujo , Vega Jordi , Cordier Guillaume
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Obesity remains frequently mentioned as a contraindication for lateral ankle ligament repair. The aim of the study was to compare the clinical results of an arthroscopic lateral ligament repair with biological augmentation between patients with a body mass index (BMI) of more than 30 and less than 30.

Methods

Sixty‐nine patients with an isolated lateral ankle instability were treated with an arthroscopic anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) repair with biological augmentation using the inferior extensor retinaculum (IER). Patients were divided into two groups according to their BMI: ≥ 30 (Group A; n = 26) and < 30 (Group B; n = 43). Patients were pre‐and post‐operatively evaluated, with a minimum of 2 years follow‐up, and using the Karlsson Score. Characteristics of the patients, complications, ankle instability symptoms recurrence, and satisfaction score were recorded.

Results

In group A, the median Karlsson Score increased from 43.5 (Range 22–72) to 85 (Range 37–100) at follow‐up. Complications were observed in seven patients (27%). Nineteen patients (73%) reported that they were “very satisfied”. One patient (4%) described persistent ankle instability symptoms. In group B, the median Karlsson Score increased from 65 (Range 42–80) to 95 (Range 50–100) at follow‐up. Complications were observed in four patients (9%). Thirty‐three patients (77%) reported that they were “very satisfied”. Two patients (5%) described persistent ankle instability symptoms. Pre‐operative and at last follow‐up Karlsson Score, results were significantly different between the two groups. There was no significant statistical difference in favour of satisfaction score, complications and recurrence of ankle instability between the two groups.

Conclusion

ATFL repair with biological augmentation using IER gives excellent results for patients with BMI ≥ 30. Compared to patients with BMI < 30, they present a slightly lower preoperative and postoperative Karlsson score, however, with a similar satisfaction rate, but are at higher risk of transient superficial peroneal nerve dysesthesia.

Level of evidence

Level III.
A dual role for ERK-1/2 in the regulation of plasmin activity and cell migration in metastatic NSCLC-H1299 cells
Authors: Zeitlmayr Sarah , Cami Ditila , Selmani Belinda , Gudermann Thomas , Breit Andreas
Published: September 2023

Occupational and environmental exposure of various toxins or cigarette smoke causes non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC); a devastating disease with a very low survival rate after metastasis. Increased activity of plasmin is a hallmark in NSCLC metastasis. It is accepted that metastatic cells exhibit higher plasmin activity than cells from primary tumors. Mechanisms behind this elevation, however, are barely understood. We compared plasmin activity and cell migration of A549 cells derived from a primary lung tumor with metastatic H1299 lung cells isolated from lymph nodes. Surprisingly, we found higher plasmin activity and migration for A549 cells. mRNA levels of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were higher in H1299 cells and activity of extracellular-regulated kinases-1/2 (ERK-1/2) was increased. An inhibitor of ERK-1/2 decreased PAI-1 mRNA levels and increased plasmin activity or cell migration in H1299 cells. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) decreased plasmin activity and migration in A549 cells but enhanced both in H1299 cells. The cytokine massively increased PAI-1 and decreased urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) levels in A549 cells but strongly induced uPA and only weakly PAI- 1 expression in H1299 cells. Consequently, TGF-β enhanced plasmin activity and cell migration in H1299. Additionally, TGF-β activated ERK-1/2 stronger in H1299 than in A549 cells. Accordingly, an ERK-1/2 inhibitor completely reversed the effects of TGF-β on uPA expression, plasmin activity and migration in H1299 cells. Hence, we provide first data indicating TGF-β-promoted increased plasmin activity and suggest that blocking TGF-β-promoted ERK-1/2 activity might be a straightforward approach to inhibit NSCLC metastasis.
Neck Reoperation for Recurrent or Persistent Renal Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Chang Lu‐Chia , Liu Shiuh‐Inn , Liang Tsung‐Jung
Published: September 2023

Background

Patients with renal hyperparathyroidism undergoing parathyroidectomy may experience relapse. Reoperation for persistent or recurrent disease, particularly in the neck region, is challenging and has a high complication rate because of difficult exploration. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of neck reoperation in renal hyperparathyroidism.

Methods

Patients with recurrent or persistent renal hyperparathyroidism who underwent neck reoperation between January 2015 and August 2022 were investigated, focusing on operative findings, perioperative biochemical changes, and significance of intraoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) measurements.

Results

During reoperation, 35 parathyroid glands were identified and removed from the 26 enrolled patients, with one, two, and three glands retrieved from 19 (73.2%), five (19.2%), and two (7.6%) patients, respectively. Most removed glands (68.6%) were located in the lower neck, followed by the mediastinum, carotid sheath, and upper neck. Successful resection, defined as a postoperative PTH level of <300 pg/mL, was achieved in 21 patients (80.8%). The remaining four (15.4%) and one (3.9%) patients were classified as having persistent and recurrent disease, respectively. The extent of PTH reduction was correlated with specimen weight, specimen volume, and preoperative alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level. The mean intraoperative PTH ratio (10 min after excision/pre‐excision) was 0.23, and all patients with persistent or recurrent disease had a PTH ratio >0.3. Severe hypocalcemia (<7.5 mg/dL) occurred in 19 (73.0%) patients after reoperation.

Conclusions

Neck reoperation is an effective therapeutic option in patients with recurrent or persistent renal hyperparathyroidism. A decrease in PTH level by >70% during reoperation (PTH ratio <0.3) predicts successful resection.
Snack quality and snack timing are associated with cardiometabolic blood markers: the ZOE PREDICT study
Authors: Bermingham Kate M. , May Anna , Asnicar Francesco , Capdevila Joan , Leeming Emily R. , Franks Paul W. , Valdes Ana M. , Wolf Jonathan , Hadjigeorgiou George , Delahanty Linda M. , Segata Nicola , Spector Tim D. , Berry Sarah E.
Published: September 2023

Background

Snacking is a common diet behaviour which accounts for a large proportion of daily energy intake, making it a key determinant of diet quality. However, the relationship between snacking frequency, quality and timing with cardiometabolic health remains unclear.

Design

Demography, diet, health (fasting and postprandial cardiometabolic blood and anthropometrics markers) and stool metagenomics data were assessed in the UK PREDICT 1 cohort (N = 1002) (NCT03479866). Snacks (foods or drinks consumed between main meals) were self-reported (weighed records) across 2–4 days. Average snacking frequency and quality [snack diet index (SDI)] were determined (N = 854 after exclusions). Associations between snacking frequency, quality and timing with cardiometabolic blood and anthropometric markers were assessed using regression models (adjusted for age, sex, BMI, education, physical activity level and main meal quality).

Results

Participants were aged (mean, SD) 46.1 ± 11.9 years, had a mean BMI of 25.6 ± 4.88 kg/m2 and were predominantly female (73%). 95% of participants were snackers (≥ 1 snack/day; n = 813); mean daily snack intake was 2.28 snacks/day (24 ± 16% of daily calories; 203 ± 170 kcal); and 44% of participants were discordant for meal and snack quality. In snackers, overall snacking frequency and quantity of snack energy were not associated with cardiometabolic risk markers. However, lower snack quality (SDI range 1–11) was associated with higher blood markers, including elevated fasting triglycerides (TG (mmol/L) β; – 0.02, P = 0.02), postprandial TGs (6hiAUC (mmol/L.s); β; – 400, P = 0.01), fasting insulin (mIU/L) (β; – 0.15, P = 0.04), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; β; – 0.04, P = 0.04) and hunger (scale 0–100) (β; – 0.52, P = 0.02) (P values non-significant after multiple testing adjustments). Late-evening snacking (≥ 9 pm; 31%) was associated with lower blood markers (HbA1c; 5.54 ± 0.42% vs 5.46 ± 0.28%, glucose 2hiAUC; 8212 ± 5559 vs 7321 ± 4928 mmol/L.s, P = 0.01 and TG 6hiAUC; 11,638 ± 8166 vs 9781 ± 6997 mmol/L.s, P = 0.01) compared to all other snacking times (HbA1c remained significant after multiple testing).

Conclusion

Snack quality and timing of consumption are simple diet features which may be targeted to improve diet quality, with potential health benefits.

Clinical trial registry number and website

NCT03479866, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03479866?term=NCT03479866&draw=2&rank=1
Human protozoa infection and dysplasia in ulcerative colitis: a neglected aspect in a prominent disease
Authors: Abdel Hamed Enas F. , Mostafa Nahed E. , Farag Shaimaa M. , Ibrahim Mohamed N. , Ibrahim Basma H. , Rashed Hayam E. , Radwan Mona , Mohamed Salem Y. , El Hendawy Ramy , Fawzy Eman M.
Published: September 2023

The chance of getting colorectal cancer (CRC) is higher in people with chronic ulcerative colitis (UC). The impact of parasitic infections on UC is underappreciated. The purpose of this study was to look into the effect of intestinal protozoal infections on the dysplastic changes generated by UC. The research included 152 adult patients with histologically confirmed UC and 152 healthy controls. Fecal samples were examined for the presence of parasites and fecal calprotectin (FC). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay measured serum anti-p53 antibodies (p53Abs) and metallothioneins (MTs). The advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were measured by a spectrophotometric method in all subjects. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL-6 were also measured. In addition, histopathological and immunohistochemical investigations of intestinal tissue were done. Our results exhibited significant increases in FC and CRP, IL-6, AOPPs, MTs, and p53Abs in ulcerative colitis patients with parasitic infections compared to those without parasites. In contrast, GSH levels showed a significant decrease in the same group compared with other groups. Histopathological and immunohistochemical assessments of intestinal tissue signified severe inflammation and strong expression of PD-L1 in patients with parasitic infections compared to others without parasitic infections. Our research indicated a greater frequency of intestinal protozoa in UC patients with elevated inflammatory and dysplastic biomarker levels. This suggests that these parasites may be involved in the etiology of chronic UC and the associated carcinogenetic process. This is the first report of a link between parasitic infections and dysplastic alterations in UC patients.
Clinical characteristics of systemic sclerosis patients with occupational silicosis
Authors: Huo Xiaocong , Zeng Zhiyu , Lin Yongjun , Lin Jinying , Xu Dong
Published: September 2023

To explore the clinical characteristics of systemic sclerosis complicated with silicosis. The systemic sclerosis patients treated in the Guangxi Workers’ Hospital and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from January 2000 to December 2020 were divided into the systemic sclerosis with silicosis group and the systemic sclerosis without silicosis group. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan–Meier estimates the Cox proportional hazards model. A propensity score matching was applied in order to avoid the selection bias.

Over the past 20 years, 72 systemic sclerosis patients with silicosis and 238 systemic sclerosis patients without silicosis were treated in the two hospitals. The systemic sclerosis patients with silicosis group had more males (P < 0.000),lower mean age at onset of SSc (P < 0.000), more frequent occurrence of weight loss (P = 0.028), smoking (P < 0.000), tuberculosis (P < 0.000), cardiac involvement (P < 0.000), ILD (P = 0.017), pulmonary hypertension (P = 0.024), elevated BNP (P < 0.000). With regards to the multivariate Cox regression analysis, silicosis was related with a higher overall mortality before (HR = 3.666, 95% CI = 1.440–11.234, p = 0.025) and after the propensity score matching analysis (HR = 2.817, 95% CI = 1.196–10.764, p = 0.014). Independent risk factors for overall mortality were Gangrene (HR = 3.003, 95% CI = 1.343–9.431), Cardiac involved (HR = 5.370, 95% CI = 1.910–15.472), Scl-70 (HR = 3.569, 95% CI = 1.333–10.869), Elevated BNP (HR = 2.135, 95% CI = 1.293–9.564).

Concomitant silicosis worsens systemic sclerosis patients’ prognoses. Gangrene, Scl-70, elevated BNP and cardiac involvement are independent risk factors for overall mortality.

Key Points•Concomitant silicosis worsens SSc patients’ prognoses.•For individuals with occupational exposure, close observation of the symptoms of SSc, early diagnosis, and interruption of exposure may improve the prognosis.•Gangrene, Scl-70, elevated BNP and cardiac involvement are independent risk factors for overall mortality.
Skin protection from solar ultraviolet radiation using natural compounds: a review
Authors: Verma Ankit , Zanoletti Alessandra , Kareem Kola Yusuff , Adelodun Bashir , Kumar Pankaj , Ajibade Fidelis Odedishemi , Silva Luis F. O. , Phillips Ankur J , Kartheeswaran Thangathurai , Bontempi Elza , Dwivedi Ashish
Published: September 2023

Skin exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation and pollutants causes several skin disorders, calling for protection methods such as sunscreen application. However, common sunscreen contains chemicals that have displayed toxicity when exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Therefore, alternatives approaches have been recently developed, such as the use of natural phytochemicals as active ingredients in photoprotection preparations. Here, we review skin protection with focus on the physics of ultraviolet radiation and photoprotection by ultraviolet filters. We present sensors for measuring ultraviolet radiation and ultraviolet radiation in ecosystems. We discuss the phototoxicity of drugs, preservatives, personal care products, and pollutants. Photocarcinogenesis, photoallergy, photostability, and toxicity of sunscreen ingredients and their impacts on human health and skin, are also reviewed. We observed that phytochemicals are promising for photoprotection due to their ability to absorb photon energy, and thus act as antioxidants.
Equitable implementation of lung cancer screening: avoiding its potential to mirror existing inequities among people who use tobacco
Authors: Bilenduke Emily , Anderson Shacoria , Brenner Alison , Currier Jessica , Eberth Jan M. , King Jaron , Land Stephanie R. , Risendal Betsy C. , Shannon Jackilen , Siegel Leeann N. , Wangen Mary , Waters Austin R. , Zahnd Whitney E. , Studts Jamie L.
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death, but the advent of lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography offers a tremendous opportunity to improve lung cancer outcomes. Unfortunately, implementation of lung cancer screening has been hampered by substantial barriers and remains suboptimal. Specifically, the commentary emphasizes the intersectionality of smoking history and several important sociodemographic characteristics and identities that should inform lung cancer screening outreach and engagement efforts, including socioeconomic considerations (e.g., health insurance status), racial and ethnic identity, LGBTQ + identity, mental health history, military experience/veteran status, and geographic residence in addressing specific community risk factors and future interventions in efforts to make strides toward equitable lung cancer screening.

Methods

Members of the Equitable Implementation of Lung Cancer Screening Interest Group with the Cancer Prevention and Control Network (CPCRN) provide a critical commentary based on existing literature regarding smoking trends in the US and lung cancer screening uptake to propose opportunities to enhance implementation and support equitable distribution of the benefits of lung cancer screening.

Conclusion

The present commentary utilizes information about historical trends in tobacco use to highlight opportunities for targeted outreach efforts to engage communities at high risk with information about the lung cancer screening opportunity. Future efforts toward equitable implementation of lung cancer screening should focus on multi-level implementation strategies that engage and work in concert with community partners to co-create approaches that leverage strengths and reduce barriers within specific communities to achieve the potential of lung cancer screening.
Explaining Known Past Routes, Underdetermination, and the Use of Multiple Cost Functions
Authors: Lewis Joseph
Published: September 2023

Explaining material traces of movement as proxies for past movement is fundamental for understanding the processes behind why people in the past traversed the landscape in the way that they did. For this, least-cost path analysis and the use of slope-based cost functions for estimating the cost of movement when walking have become commonplace. Despite their prevalence, current approaches misrepresent what these cost functions are, their relationship to the hypotheses that they aim to represent, and their role in explanation. As a result, least-cost paths calculated using single cost functions are liable to spurious results with limited power for explaining known past routes, and by extension the decision-making processes of past people. Using the ideas of multiple model idealisation and robustness analysis, and applied via a tactical simulation, this study demonstrates that similar least-cost paths can be produced from slope-based cost functions representing both the same hypothesis and different hypotheses, suggesting that least-cost path results are robust but underdetermined under the tested environmental settings. The results from this tactical simulation are applied for the explanation of a Roman road in Sardinia. Using probabilistic least-cost paths as an approach for incorporating multiple cost functions representing the same hypothesis and error in the digital elevation model, it is shown that both model outcomes representing the minimisation of time and energy are unable to explain the placement of the Roman road. Rather, it is suggested that the Roman road was influenced by pre-existing routes and settlements.
Electrostriction effects in space charge measurements with the pulsed electroacoustic method for ceramics
Authors: Stark Sebastian , Ma Xinyi
Published: September 2023

The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. In view of the poorly understood impact of space charge on the electrical resistivity and the dielectric breakdown behavior of ceramics, it is desirable to adapt the PEA technique to these materials. However, this adaption is non-trivial due to the constitutive properties of ceramics, which are, at least in part, very different from that of polymers. This contribution addresses a particular effect related to the electrostrictive properties of ceramics on the theoretical level. It is shown that these properties may cause an inversion of the sign of the sound wave generated by electrical voltage pulses when compared to typical polymers, which may in turn result in an incorrect interpretation of the measurement results. Using this finding, a reinterpretation of previous experimental results suggests that homo charge forms at the cathode in sheets of alumina ceramics subjected to high voltages.
Thermal stabilization of recycled PLA for 3D printing by addition of charcoal
Authors: Fico Daniela , Esposito Corcione Carola , Acocella Maria Rosaria , Rizzo Daniela , De Carolis Valentina , Maffezzoli Alfonso
Published: September 2023

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is one of the most widely used thermoplastic materials for 3D printing, particularly in the Fused Filament Fabrication technique. However, the printing process generates waste products and even though PLA is compostable, the possibility of recycling it provides ecological and economical benefits. In this work, a study on the stabilization of recycled PLA using charcoal (CC) was carried out, with the aim of overcoming the well-known problem of degradation (reduction in molecular weight) of PLA, during remelting. Microscopic investigations showed good dispersion of the filler in the polymer matrix, as well as better adhesion between the printed layers. Thermal analyses (Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry) indicate a stabilization of PLA waste because of the addition of small concentrations of CC to the recycled polymer matrix. These data are confirmed by GPC analyses, which show that the addition of filler is associated with higher molecular weight. Mechanical analysis indicated improved elongation at break and elasticity. Finally, a key ring was printed as an example of the better printability of the filament containing CC. The results indicate that a stabilization of the recycled PLA with a very low concentration of CC has been achieved. Improved 3D printability and properties of the 3D printed objects can be attained through recycling and recovery of wasted PLA, according to sustainability and circular economy matters.
Curiosity and Creative Experimentation Among Psychiatrists in India
Authors: Lang Claudia , Halliburton Murphy
Published: September 2023

Medical anthropologists have not paid enough attention to the variation at the level of the individual practitioners of biomedicine, and anthropological critiques of biomedical psychiatry as it is practiced in settings outside the Global North have tended to depict psychiatrists in monolithic terms. In this article, we attempt to demonstrate that, at least in the case of India, some psychiatrists perceive limitations in the biomedical model and the cultural assumptions behind biomedical practices and ideologies. This paper focuses on three practitioners who supplement their own practices with local and alternative healing modalities derived from South Asian psychologies, philosophies, systems of medicine and religious and ritual practices. The diverging psychiatric practices in this paper represent a rough continuum. They range from a bold and confident psychiatrist who uses various techniques including ritual healing to another who yearns to incorporate more Indian philosophy and psychology in psychiatric practice and encourages students of ayurvedic medicine to more fully embrace the science they are learning to a less proactive psychiatrist who does not describe a desire to change his practice but who is respectful and accepting of ayurvedic treatments that some patients also undergo. Rather than simply applying a hegemonic biomedical psychiatry, these psychiatrists offer the possibility of a more locally-attuned, context sensitive psychiatric practice.
Bioremediation of n-alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and heavy metals from wastewater using seaweeds
Authors: Akl Faiza M. A. , Ahmed Suzan I. , El-Sheekh Mostafa M. , Makhlof Mofida E. M.
Published: September 2023

The removal of n-alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and heavy metals from wastewater using three dried seaweeds Ulva intestinalis Linnaeus (green alga), Sargassum latifolium (Turner) C.Agardh (brown alga), and Corallina officinalis Kützing (red alga) has been shown to evaluate their potential usage as inexpensive adsorbents. Under natural environmental conditions, numerous analytical methods, including zeta potential, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), SEM, and FT-IR, are used in this study. The results showed that n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons adsorption increased with increasing contact time for all three selected algae, with a large removal observed after 15 days, while the optimal contact time for heavy metal removal was 3 h. S. latifolium dry biomass had more potential as bioadsorbent, followed by C. officinalis and then U. intestinalis. S. latifolium attained removal percentages of 65.14%, 72.50%, and 78.92% for light n-alkanes, heavy n-alkanes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), respectively, after 15 days. Furthermore, it achieved removal percentages of 94.14, 92.62, 89.54, 87.54, 82.76, 80.95, 77.78, 73.02, and 71.62% for Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe, Cr, Pb, Cd, Mn, and Ni, respectively, after 3 h. Carboxyl and hydroxyl from FTIR analysis took part in wastewater treatment. The zeta potentials revealed that algal cells have a negatively charged surface, and the cell surface of S. latifolium has a more negative surface charge than U. intestinalis and C. officinalis. Our study suggests that seaweeds could play an important role in wastewater treatment and thus help as an economical, effective, and ecofriendly bioremediation system for ecological health and life protection.
Salting-out assisted liquid–liquid extraction combined with LC–MS/MS for the simultaneous determination of seven organic UV filters in environmental water samples: method development and application
Authors: Carve Megan , Singh Navneet , Askeland Matthew , Allinson Graeme , Shimeta Jeff
Published: September 2023

Organic UV filters (OUVFs), the active ingredient in sunscreens, are of environmental concern due to reported ecotoxicological effects in aquatic biota. Determining the environmental concentrations of these chemicals is essential for understanding their fate and potential environmental risk. Salting‐out assisted liquid–liquid extraction (SALLE) coupled with liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) was developed for simultaneous extraction, separation, and quantification of seven OUVFs (2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,2′,4,4′-tetrahydroxybenzophenone, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, butyl-methoxy-dibenzoyl methane, octocrylene, octyl methoxycinnamate, and oxybenzone). Method detection limits (MDLs) ranged from 11 to 45 ng/L and practical quantification limits (PQLs) from 33 to 135 ng/L. Method trueness, evaluated in terms of recovery, was 69–127%. Inter-day and intra-day variability was < 6% RSD. The coefficients of determination were > 0.97. The method was applied to river and seawater samples collected at 19 sites in and near Port Phillip Bay, Australia, and temporal variation in OUVF concentrations was studied at two sites. Concentrations of OUVF were detected at 10 sites; concentrations of individual OUVFs were 51–7968 ng/L, and the maximum total OUVF concentration detected at a site was 8431 ng/L. Recreational activity and water residence time at the site contributed to OUVF’s environmental presence and persistence. The benefits of the SALLE-LC–MS/MS method include its simple operation, good selectivity, precision over a wide linear range, and that obtained extracts can be directly injected into the LC–MS/MS, overall making it an attractive method for the determination of these OUVFs in environmental water matrices. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of OUVFs in Port Phillip Bay, Australia.
Exploring Patterns of Alcohol Consumption in Adolescence: the Role of Health Complaints and Psychosocial Determinants in an Italian Sample
Authors: Benzi Ilaria Maria Antonietta , Stival Chiara , Gallus Silvano , Odone Anna , Barone Lavinia ,   The HBSC Lombardy Committee, Cavallo Franco , Coppola Liliana , Celata Corrado , Fave Antonella Delle , Nigris Elisabetta , Vecchio Luca , Terraneo Marco , Tognetti Mara , Barone Lavinia , Salvatore Silvia , Capolongo Stefano , Marta Elena , Lozza Edoardo , Torbica Aleksandra , Russo Vincenzo , Gallus Silvano , Santoro Eugenio , Crottogini Lucia , Lobascio Claudia , Veneruso Mariacira , Gelmi Giusi , Scuffi Chiara , Velasco Veronica , Rocca Giuliana , Ghidini Paola , Perego Ornella , Pacchetti Raffaele , Bellesi Maria Stefania , Maggi Silvia , Nichetti Elena , Giannellini Antonella , Di Cosimo Federica , Montani Davide , Ghislanzoni Marina , Torri Carla , Scarpanti Elena , Stampini Laura , Scaglione Cosimo , Sacchi Angela , Casalini Marcella Linda
Published: September 2023

Adolescents are particularly prone to engage in health-risk behaviors such as alcohol and substance use, which can significantly impact their present and future lives. Our study explores the factors contributing to (1) regular alcohol use (i.e., at least 3 to 5 times in the last 30 days) and (2) binge drinking (i.e., drinking at least five glasses of alcohol in a single sitting in the last 12 months) in adolescents, in the 2014 and 2018 waves of the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) survey conducted in the Lombardy region, Italy. Data collection used a stratified cluster sampling method to obtain a representative sample of adolescents (N = 6506) aged 11, 13, and 15 years (49.7% females). We used structural equation models (SEM) to explore the association of individual-related factors, including health complaints (i.e., somatic problems and psychological problems) and psychosocial variables (i.e., perceived support from family, peers, and teachers), on regular alcohol consumption and binge drinking. Overall, 9.9% of adolescents reported regular alcohol drinking and 18.3% binge drinking. The findings highlighted that higher somatic problems are associated with increased regular alcohol use (OR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.04–1.46), and higher psychological problems are associated with increased binge drinking (OR=1.33, 95% CI: 1.15–1.55). Moreover, lower perceived support from teachers is significantly associated with both regular (OR=1.41, 95% CI: 1.25–1.59) and binge drinking (OR=1.42, 95% CI: 1.28–1.57), and lower perceived student support is associated with a reduced risk of both usual drinking (OR=0.87, 95% CI: 0.77–0.98) and binge drinking (OR=0.86, 95% CI: 0.78–0.96). The study findings emphasize the importance of tackling somatic and psychological health and psychosocial support, particularly in the school environment, through interventions aimed at controlling adolescent drinking habits.
Analysis of Temperature-Dependent Photoluminescence Spectra in Mid-Wavelength Infrared InAs/InAsSb Type-II Superlattice
Authors: Murawski K. , Manyk T. , Kopytko M.
Published: September 2023

Photoluminescence (PL) is one of the commonly used methods to determine the energy gap ($${E}_{\mathrm{g}}$$

E
g

) of semiconductors. In order to use it correctly, however, the shape of the PL peak must be properly analyzed; otherwise, the value of $${E}_{\mathrm{g}}$$

E
g

is burdened with a large error. $${E}_{\mathrm{g}}$$

E
g

is often mistakenly attributed to the PL peak position, which in type-II superlattices (T2SLs) exhibits typical “S-shaped” behavior as a function of temperature, significantly different from the Varshni model used to define the energy gap of III-V compounds. The position peak of the PL relative to the real $${E}_{\mathrm{g}}$$

E
g

in T2SLs is red-shifted because of the carrier localization at low temperatures and blue-shifted because of the free carrier emission at high temperatures. To correctly determine $${E}_{\mathrm{g}}$$

E
g

, the shape of the PL peak should be analyzed using the theoretical PL line shape model that takes into account both localized (below the bandgap) and free carriers (above the bandgap) emissions. This work shows that the use of such a model to analyze the shape of the PL signal gives the correct results of determining $${E}_{\mathrm{g}}$$

E
g

for mid-wave infrared InAs/InAsSb T2SL, which showed a significant contribution of localized states in optical transitions and characteristic “S-shaped” PL peak behavior. This allowed us to determine the correct values of the Varshni coefficients for a given T2SL. The result also agrees with the theoretical calculations of $${E}_{\mathrm{g}}$$

E
g

made using the k·p method.
Instructor perspectives on quantitative reasoning for critical citizenship
Authors: Foley Gregory D. , Budhathoki Deependra , Thapa Amrit B. , Aryal Harman P.
Published: September 2023

A tertiary course in Quantitative Reasoning (QR) has the potential to develop key practical and intellectual skills for citizenship, such as critical thinking, problem solving, quantitative literacy, and oral and written communication. In this article, we present research conducted on four instructors of such a QR course for students enrolled in a wide variety of nonscience degree programs at a university in the United States. The course used a student-inquiry approach to proportional reasoning, probability, statistical reasoning, and mathematical modeling. The findings are framed by a 5 C model of QR, which entails Critical thinking to link real-world Contexts to mathematical Concepts supported by student Collaboration and QR Competencies. The research addressed the questions of how university instructors support student development of the skills needed for critical citizenship and how this support relates to the 5 C model. We found that three of the four instructors viewed critical thinking as a central goal of the QR course and as supporting citizenship education. All four engaged students in tasks designed to develop a combination of skills associated citizenship, including critical thinking, self-questioning, collaboration, and communication. The discussion addresses such issues as the course’s merits and challenges, student engagement, the relative importance of the five Cs, the importance of instructional autonomy, and recommendations for related professional development and future research.
Evaluation of the Therapeutic Effect of Curcumin-Conjugated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Reserpine-Induced Depression in Wistar Rats
Authors: Fahmy Heba M. , Aboalasaad Fatmaalzahraa A. , Mohamed Ayman S. , Elhusseiny Fathi A. , Khadrawy Yasser A. , Elmekawy Ahmed
Published: September 2023

Depression, a devastating brain illness, necessitates the exploration of novel antidepressant treatments. We evaluated the antidepressant effects of free curcumin, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), and curcumin-conjugated zinc oxide nanoparticles (Zn(cur)O NPs). The nanoformulations were extensively characterized using advanced techniques. An acute toxicity study ensured the safety of Zn(cur)O NPs. Rats were assigned to one of five groups: control, reserpine-induced depression model, treatment with ZnO NPs, free curcumin, or Zn(cur)O NPs. Behavioral assessments (forced swimming test [FST] and open-field test [OFT]) and neurochemical analyses were conducted. Zn(cur)O NPs exhibited superior efficacy in ameliorating reserpine-induced behavioral and neurochemical effects compared to free curcumin and ZnO NPs. The reserpine-induced model displayed reduced motor activity, swimming time, and increased immobility time in the FST and OFT. Treatment with Zn(cur)O NPs 45 mg/kg significantly improved motor activity and reduced immobility time. Furthermore, Zn(cur)O NPs decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels while increasing reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) levels. Additionally, concentrations of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) increased. In conclusion, curcumin-conjugated zinc oxide nanoparticles demonstrate potent antidepressant effects, alleviating depressive-like behavior in rats. These findings support Zn(cur)O NPs as a promising therapeutic strategy for depression management, warranting further investigation and clinical validation.
Transformative effect of intimate partner violence against women based on sociocultural factors trapping women in a violent relationship
Authors: Badenes-Sastre Marta , Lorente Miguel , Beltrán-Morillas Ana M. , Expósito Francisca
Published: September 2023

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is the most frequent type of violence experienced by women, with devastating consequences for their physical and mental health. Due to exposure of women to the violence, their perceptions and interpretations of the situation may be distorted, making it difficult to leave the violent relationship. Exploring the obstacles that women must confront to verbalize their situation or ask for help is critical in preventing IPV against women (IPVAW). For this purpose, two studies were implemented: Study 1 included a focus group of seven victims of IPVAW and Study 2 included 550 women (n = 258 suffering IPVAW and n = 292 not suffering IPVAW). In Study 1, women reported that perceptions (e.g., minimization of the situation), interpretations (e.g., justifying the aggressor), and feelings (e.g., guilt) were the main obstacles in leaving a violent relationship. Study 2 revealed that participants who suffered IPVAW obtained lower scores in perceived severity, and attribution of responsibility to the aggressor, as well as higher scores in feelings of embarrassment and guilt than those who had not suffered IPVAW. No significant differences were found in risk assessed and feelings of fear. These findings highlight the serious consequences of exposure to IPVAW, requiring the implementation of preventive programs to address the distortion of reality due to the aggressor’s manipulation, as well as the influence of sociocultural factors on the construction of women’s roles in relationships.
Generation of dual and quad-optical frequency combs in the injected radiation free mode-locked frequency-shifted feedback laser
Authors: Mantsevich Sergey N. , Kostyleva Ekaterina I. , Danilin Andrey N. , Khorkin Vladimir S.
Published: September 2023

The results of an optoelectronic system—frequency-shifted feedback (FSF) laser experimental examination are presented. The considered FSF laser is seeded only with optical amplifier spontaneous emission (ASE) and operates in the mode-locked regime, whereby the output radiation is sequence of short pulses with a repetition rate determined by the delay time in its optical feedback circuit. In the frequency domain, the spectrum of such a pulse sequence is an optical frequency comb (OFC). These OFCs we call initial. We consider the possibility of tunable acousto-optic (AO) dual and quad-comb frequency spacing downconversion in the FSF laser seeded with ASE and operating in the mode-locked regime. The examined system applies a single frequency shifting loop with single AO tunable filter as the frequency shifter that is fed with several radio frequency signals simultaneously. The initial OFCs with frequency spacing of about 6.5 MHz may be obtained in the wide spectral range and their width, envelope shape and position in the optical spectrum may be tuned. The dual-combs are obtained with a pair of initial OFCs aroused by two various ultrasound waves in the acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF). The dual-combs frequency spacing is determined by the frequency difference of the signals applied to the AOTF piezoelectric transducer and can be tuned simply. The quad-combs are obtained with three initial OFCs, forming a pair of dual-combs, appearing when three ultrasound frequencies feed the AOTF transducer. The quad-combs frequency spacing is defined by the difference between the frequency spacing of dual-combs. Quad-combs with more than 5000 spectral lines and tunable frequency spacing are observed. The successive frequency downconversion gives the possibility to reduce the OFC frequency spacing form several MHz for initial OFC to tens of kHz for quad-combs.

Graphical abstract
The Relation Between Ashaninka Amazonian Society and Cultivated Acanthaceae Plants
Authors: Kujawska Monika , Zamudio Fernando , Castillo Joaquina Albán , Sosnowska Joanna
Published: September 2023

The article discusses the relationships between Ashaninka people from Peruvian Amazonia and the ibinishi ethnotaxon corresponding to several species from the Acanthaceae family cultivated in Ashaninka home gardens. The information on cultivated Acanthaceae comes from 59 gardens in 12 native communities along the Tambo River valley in Peruvian Upper Amazonia. The data were interpreted with a more-than-utility theoretical-methodological approach. Ibinishi, also known as pinitsi, are the second major group of cultivated medicinal plants after ibenki (Cyperus spp.) by the Ashaninka. An over-differentiation phenomenon is observed, in which three species of Justicia, one of Lepidagathis, and one of Ruellia correspond to 66 different ethnospecies of ibinishi. Their names are secondary lexemes, and in their meaning, they refer mostly to visions, spirits, and human and animal sorcerers. A wide scope of uses is connected to Ashaninka etiologies but only partly supported by the secondary metabolites found in those species. The ethnomedical phenomenon of ibinishi has been found among the Ashaninka but not among other Arawak-speaking groups in Amazonia. Compared to ethnographic sources, the importance of ibinishi seems to have grown among the Ashaninka, which may be ascribed to the armed conflicts and social unrest this group has gone through in recent times.
Using Structural Equation Modeling to Explore Patients’ and Healthcare Professionals’ Expectations and Attitudes Towards Socially Assistive Humanoid Robots in Nursing and Care Routine
Authors: Mlakar Izidor , Smrke Urška , Flis Vojko , Kobilica Nina , Horvat Samo , Ilijevec Bojan , Musil Bojan , Plohl Nejc
Published: September 2023

Healthcare systems around the world are currently witnessing various challenges, including population aging and workforce shortages. As a result, the existing, overworked staff are struggling to meet the ever-increasing demands and provide the desired quality of care. One of the promising technological solutions that could complement the human workforce and alleviate some of their workload, are socially assistive humanoid robots. However, despite their potential, the implementation of socially assistive humanoid robots is often challenging due to low acceptance among key stakeholders, namely, patients and healthcare professionals. Hence, the present study first investigated the extent to which these stakeholders accept the use of socially assistive humanoid robots in nursing and care routine, and second, explored the characteristics that contribute to higher/lower acceptance within these groups, with a particular emphasis on demographic variables, technology expectations, ethical acceptability, and negative attitudes. In study 1, conducted on a sample of 490 healthcare professionals, the results of structural equation modeling showed that acceptance is driven primarily by aspects of ethical acceptability, although education and technology expectations also exert an indirect effect. In study 2, conducted on a sample of 371 patients, expectations regarding capabilities and attitudes towards the social influence of robots emerged as important predictors of acceptance. Moreover, although acceptance rates differed between tasks, both studies show a relatively high acceptance of socially assistive humanoid robots. Despite certain limitations, the study findings provide essential knowledge that enhances our understanding of stakeholders’ perceptions and acceptance of socially assistive humanoid robots in hospital environments, and may guide their deployment.