bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of The Composition of Hydrophobic Agents on The Contact Angle and Strength of Mortal Cement
Authors: Salam Muhammad , Rokhmat Mamat , Rustam Rusnardi
Published: July 2022

Mortar cement resistance has serious economic implications in the form of maintenance costs and replacement of a structure. Therefore it is necessary to make cement mortar that is waterproof or hydrophobic. The purpose of this study was to look at the effect of the composition of hydrophobic agents on the large contact angle and strength of mortal cement. The hydrophobic agent used is Tetrahydrofuran (THF) with polyurethane (PU) with variations of 5:6molar, 1:10molar, 1:10.9 molar with total each variation being 11 molars. The control variables in this study are the amount of composition of otawa sand, aquades and silica sand 20-30 mesh which is 4:11:2 mold 5 cm x 5cm cement mortar cubes, long immersion with Ca(OH)2 10% for 7 days, temperature 60 °C and heating length 1 hour. The large angle of contact is measured using the caessyal drop method and the hardness value using the hardness vickers tool. The results showed that the higher the concentration of Polyuteran, the smaller the contact angle of mortar cement produced. The largest contact angle occurs at the concentration of THF variation: PU 6:5 mol. The optimum contact angle is 126° and the mortal seemen are hydrophobic.
Volleyball Smash Test Instrument Design With Sensor Technology
Authors: Komaini Anton , Illahi Faradilla Dinil , Gusril  , Sin Tjung Hauw , Handayani Sri Gusti , Yohandri  , Ayubi Novadri
Published: July 2022

This study aims to make a prototype of a sensor-based Smash Athlete volleyball skill test instrument. This research is a type of development research with a model design adapted from Borg & Gall. Validation is carried out by experts who are competent in their fields. In this study, the researchers asked for validation from three experts, namely Evaluation and Measurement Test experts, Volleyball Experts, and Media/IT Experts.20 adult males were enrolled to test this tool. The usage trial was carried out using the expert validity method with an assessment using a questionnaire, test and retest. Data analysis in this study was carried out using the r-correlation method. Based on the expert validation test, the percentage results from Evaluation and Measurement Test experts (96%), Volleyball Experts (92%), Media/IT Experts (94%). The average percentage of all experts is 94%. In the reliability test, the correlation coefficient was 0.999 which was included in the very strong category. So that the Volleyball Smash Test Instrument Design With Sensor Technology is good for measuring volleyball smash skills.
Analysis of Isothermal Remanent Magnetization (IRM) data of Brantas river sediments using IRMITS program
Authors: Ramadhan Djody Virgiawan , Purba Theresia Romauli , Nabilah Feninda Amalia , Mariyanto Mariyanto
Published: July 2022

Pollution is one of the big problems of continuous pollution in the Brantas River. The type of pollution that occurs in the sediment of a river is associated with the characteristics of its magnetic mineral. This study aims to determine the types of magnetic minerals in the Brantas River sediments. IRM data was taken from the measurement results in the Brantas River sediments. In this study, the IRMITS program is used to provides a deeper and better analysis and interpretation. From the processing results, IRMITS produces 3 graphs, namely the Linear Acquisition Plot (LAP) curve (b) the Gradient Acquisition Plot (GAP) curve; (c) Standardized Acquisition Plot (SAP) curve. From this study that has been done, it shows that magnetic minerals in the Brantas River are saturated in magnetic fields above 800mT with permanent coercivity occurring in the range 12-13 x 10−3and z value 0 before saturation occurs. This indicates that most of the Brantas River sediments is dominated by magnetite minerals (Fe3O4).
Tourist Counter Design Using RFID Sensors For Real Time Monitoring
Authors: Sentosa Media , Yohandri
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we present a design for calculating the number of visitors to a tourist attraction. The tourism sector has a positive impact on national economic development. In an effort by the government to increase tourism potential, data on the number of visitors who visit a tourist attraction is needed. In this prototype, the number of tourists will be counted at the entrance using RFID. The controller unit (Node-MCU) will receive and process the incoming data and then classify it into adult local tourists, adult foreign tourist, child local tourists and child foreign tourist. Google Sheets are used to store data from the controller over a long period of time and provide results and records of daily visitors. Recording time on Google Sheets is delayed 3-4 seconds in good signal conditions, and 7-10 seconds on a bad signal conditions. This system provides accurate results about the number of tourists of a tourist attraction.
Application of seismic refraction method to identify rock layers around the lake body in Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Aisyah Rizha Rizky , Yulianita Dina , Wafi Abdurrahman , Setiawan Nugroho Syarif , Mariyanto Mariyanto
Published: July 2022

The objective of this study was to identify the lithological layer around the lake body to determine the ability of the reservoir body structure to withstand surrounding seepage water. This research was conducted using the MAE X820S seismic instrument, carried out on a 46-meter-long track and 24 geophones. Seismic refraction processing is done by picking at the first break in each seismic trace. From the picking results, distance and time parameters will be obtained so that a seismic velocity model can be generated to be analyzed for lithological types based on the P-wave velocity. The results of the processing show that this research area consists of two rock layers. The range of P wave velocity owned by the first layer at a depth of 0-19 m is 648.11 m/s, interpreted as sand-gravel. The range of P wave velocity owned by the first layer at a depth of 19-30 m is 1553.21 m/s, interpreted as a layer of clay. Rock layers that have a sand-gravel lithology have the ability to seep or pass water, while layers that have a clay lithology cannot pass water. Therefore, the first layer is thought to have a less strong ability to withstand surrounding seepage water.
Application of Geoelectrical Resisivity Method for Iron Sand Exploration in Ulakan Tapakis Padang Pariaman
Authors: Octova Adree , Anaperta Yoszi Mingsi , Febriandika Helio Gina , Martinus Herry , Nazki Admizal , Razi Pakhrur , Putra Amali
Published: July 2022

There is no doubt about the presence of iron sand around the west coast of West Sumatra. Several studies have been carried out, but in Ulakan Tapakis area is still under observation, and no investigation of its potential and distribution. One of the methods that can provide models and subsurface descriptions is using goelectrical resistivity method. The geoelectrical application in Ulakan Tapakis was used Wenner-Schlumberger array into 4 section. The section was designed perpendicular to the beach with a length of 47 meters for short lines and 470 meters for long line, the distance between sections was about 65 meters. The results obtained in the form of pseudosection types. Each section describes the distribution and lithology of rocks below the surface. The combination of all sections gives an overview of the iron sand model at Ulakan Tapakis. From the model obtained the results of geoelectrical measurements with the Wenner-Schlumberger array, the distribution of iron sand can be found along the coast of the study area at a depth of 0.7 m - 3 m in short line and 40 m in long line with resistivity values ranging from 52 - 289 Ωm
Application of ground-penetrating radar method to detect underground pipes in PAIR BATAN utility area
Authors: Amelia Rizka , Bagaskara Adika , Santoso Sigit Budi , Wafi Abdurrahman , Setiawan Nugroho Syarif , Mariyanto Mariyanto
Published: July 2022

Underground pipeline systems dominate today’s urban area landscape. This buried pipeline system will continuously develop along with the utility change. The planning for underground pipelines should be done to avoid mistakes in the pipeline path. Thus, mapping for the underground pipeline is necessary to obtain a database for any upcoming construction development. This research purpose is to detect underground pipelines around utility areas using the ground-penetrating radar (GPR) method. A frequency of 300 MHz was used to acquire GPR data from 6 lines, with a total length of 22.6m for each line and 0.5m for the line spacing. A sequence of processing stages of the GPR data was conducted using matGPR, a MATLAB-based program. Interpretable GPR profiles from each measurement line are obtained after adjusting signal position, removing DC, Dewow, mean filter, gaining, removing global background, and KL-filter. The results show an obvious amplitude reflection anomaly. Each line has similar detected underground pipes from its vertical axis, travel time, and horizontal distance. Clearly, all lines show an obvious contrast anomaly located at the 2.5 m horizontal distance. This most striking anomaly is interpreted as a water tunnel. In comparison, the other five parabolic-shaped anomalies were identified as underground pipes.
3D Modelling of Iron Sand Using Geoelectrical Resistivity Method with Wenner Array in Ulakan Tapakis, Padang Pariaman, West Sumatra
Authors: Octova Adree , Anaperta Yoszi Mingsi , Febriandika Helio Gina , Martinus Herry , Nazki Admizal , Razi Pakhrur , Putra Amali
Published: July 2022

A studies using the resistivity method have been carried out to determine the potential of iron sand in Ulakan Tapakis West Sumatra. This study aims to establish the potential 3D modelling of iron sand. Wenner array is used to determine location of anomalies by taking 5 sections which has 180 meter length. The distance of the electrode used is 3.9 meters. Generally, Ulakan Tapakis has 3 main components of alluvial deposits, namely a layer of top sand (upper sand), middle sand, and a layer of iron sand which is divided into 2 layers, namely the bottom sand and the iron sand layer which has a resistivity value ranging from 9.53 -14135 Ωm. These layers have different resistivity values depending on the constituent material. The existance of iron sand is located at depths of 0-6 meter below sea surface, with range of resistivity is 9.53-1000 Ωm.
The Development of an Optic Learning Module Using Genially and Its Usability from the Perspective of Physics Undergraduates in Sultan Idris Education University Perak
Authors: Bajeri Nur Eryzawati , Radzwan Afiq
Published: July 2022

The utilisation of teaching aids is one of the factors that contribute to a teacher’s attainment of effective teaching objectives and can be used by students. The purpose of this study was to 1) develop an Optical Learning Module (MPO) using Genially for Optical Topic and 2) determine the usability of the MPO created using Genially to UPSI trainee teachers. This study was designed using ADDIE Model and Behaviourism Theory. This study employs random sampling approach for 40 trainee teachers to fill the questionnaire and two UPSI Physics lecturers to validate the questionnaire and module’s usability. The instrument used was a self-created questionnaire classified into three sections: the assigments, the content of the module, and the user’s perception of the Genially based module. The percentage of agreement, mean, and standard deviation were used to analyse the result that was acquired from the questionnaires using descriptive statistics in SPSS version 25. The result showed that the module has high validity with ~97% expert agreement. The mean score for the perception of this module was 3.2988. The findings demonstrated that the module is useful as one of the tools in teaching for trainee teachers. As a result, this study shows that the utilisation of this module could contribute to improving interest in learning and assist trainee teachers, particularly in Optics.
PC Sound Card: Transformation to High Technology Physics Experiment
Authors: Azman Nurafiqah Mohamed , Ismail Mahizah , Mokhtar Wan Zul Adli Wan , Ariffin Ahmad Kamal
Published: July 2022

Experiments are not only an essential component in expanding our knowledge but also play as a significant role in learning and teaching, especially in physics. Normally, some physics experiments are performed using specialize and expensive equipment. Due to the high cost, it is a major challenge financially to acquire, maintain and upgrade the equipment. These relatively expensive and specialize equipment make it difficult for many schools to be involved in laboratory work. Hence, students are deprived from performing some basics experiments, which are important in explaining the fundamental principal of physics. In order to create more conducive and engaging environment, we investigate the possibility of utilizing the PC sound card as sensors to determine the speed of sound directly. A special emphasis is given on easy to assemble experiments that can fit within the budget of any schools. The PC Sound Card and the utilization of Soundcard Scope overcome the technical difficulty to probe the time travel, t by sound in a short distance. Hence it enables us to determine the speed of sound directly by adopting the definition of speed. The result is compared with the experiment using Phyphox applications and resonance method. The speed of sound in air is found to be (340 ± 2) ms−1 as compared to the value measured using the echo method of Phyphox applications which is (341.2 ± 1.2) ms−1 and (340.6 ± 6.3) ms−1 using resonance method. Three selected experts in physics education have been involved to determine the validity of the experimental module while 31 trainee teachers from UPSI’s Physics Education Program have been engaged to study the usability of the experimental module using random cluster sampling techniques. It has been found that the agreement among the experts which is 100% for face validity and 98.33% for content validity. The finding from the usability study shows that all items obtained a high mean score value with a range of 3.55-3.90. Therefore, it is concluded that the technique and the experiment have a high potential to be used as a hand-on and an alternative method to directly determine the speed of sound in school.
Analysis of Distance Learning Physics During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Made Astra I , Henukh Anderias , Hidayatullah Muhammad Musa Syarif
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze distance learning strategies in physics learning during the Covid-19 pandemic at Musamus University in the even semester of the 2020/2021 academic year. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method. The instrument used in this research is a questionnaire in a Google Form for the Physics Education study program students. The analysis results showed that as many as 34.4% of respondents said distance learning was effective. In addition, 62.5% of respondents said that distance learning was less effective, and 3.1% said it was ineffective. Distance learning is less effective because of many obstacles in its implementation. These obstacles are the lack of ability to use information and communication technology, inadequate internet network, and economic problems. Students also do not understand the concepts given during distance learning well because of the lack of assistance from lecturers. The implementation of learning is much more focused on providing materials, assignments, and scientific projects. These results indicate that distance physical learning during the COVID-19 pandemic has not been maximized.
Redesign Accelerated Linear Motion Experiment on Inclined Plane Using Sensors to Improve Student’s Conceptual Understanding
Authors: Mardiansyah Y , Hernando Luki , Rahman Taufiq , Iskandar Feri , Raynold  , Budiman Maman
Published: July 2022

This study aims to create an accelerated linear motion experiment tool on an inclined plane that is more precise using photodiode and infrared sensors as timer based arduino pro mikro programming. The data from arduino is imported in excel format and students can export graphic. Output voltage from testing data is 4,86 volt for unblocked condition and 0,69 volt for blocked condition. Then the tool is used by students to experiment with variations in angle, distance, and mass. The implementation of the tool was carried out on a quasi-experimental method of one group pre-test-post-test design to compare the level of conceptual understanding of students before and after conducting experiments using the designed tools. To measure the level of student’s conceptual understanding used instruments that have been validated. The analyze showed an increase in conceptual understanding pre test and post test average from 0,38 to 0,85 and high correlation (r = 0,65). Doing experiment using modified inclined plane significantly increasing student’s conceptual understanding.
Need analysis of project-based learning model and portfolio assessment in physics learning
Authors: Dewi W S , Febryan H , Murtiani  , Sari S Y
Published: July 2022

Physics learning aims to equip students with knowledge and ability to develop natural sciences. Very minimal learning resources become a problem in the learning process. Monotonous learning and the less effective learning model are factors of student saturation. The project based learning (PJBL) is one of the models used in making projects. The use of the PJBL in learning can increase student activity and creativity. In assessing project processes and outcomes in learning, an authentic and thorough assessment is required. This study aims to analyze the need for the PJBL model and portfolio assessment. The research method used is descriptive. The sample of this research is SMA/MAN teachers in 5 schools in Padang Pariaman. PJBL is very rarely used in learning because this learning model has its own difficulties in its implementation. The PJBL had a major impact in 3 schools, namely SMAN 12 x 11 Lingkung, MAN 1 Padang Pariaman, and SMAN 1 Lubuk Alung, with average scores above 60. Portfolio assessment has a great impact because it can facilitate students and teachers in the learning process. Results of this study are the teacher expects the ease of using the PJBL with the portfolio assessment of physics learning.
Relationship Between High Blood Pressure, Atrial Cardiopathy, and Mortality in the General Population
Authors: Imtiaz Ahmad Muhammad , Mendys Phil M , Kelly Scott P , Chen Lin Y , Soliman Elsayed Z
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND

Atrial cardiopathy is associated with an increased risk of mortality. However, it is unclear whether this association is modified by hypertension, a risk factor for both atrial cardiopathy and mortality.

Methods

This analysis included 8,023 participants from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Electrocardiographic deep terminal negativity of P-wave in V1 ≥100 µV defined atrial cardiopathy. National Death Index was used to identify the date and cause of death. Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to examine the association of atrial cardiopathy with mortality among participants stratified by hypertension status.

RESULTS

In total 2.7% of the participants had atrial cardiopathy. Over a median follow-up of 14 years, 2,922 all-cause deaths occurred, of which 1,058 were CVD. All-cause death rates were almost double among participants with concomitant atrial cardiopathy and elevated blood pressure (BP) (120–129/<80), stage 1 (130–139/80–89), or stage 2 hypertension (≥140/≥90) compared to their counterparts in the same hypertension stages without atrial cardiopathy (47.8, 61.3, and 80.2 vs. 23, 24.7, and 44.8 per 1,000 person-years (PY), respectively). In multivariable-adjusted models, a stronger association between atrial cardiopathy and all-cause mortality was observed in the presence compared to the absence of hypertension (HR (95% CI): 1.59 (1.25–2.01) vs. 0.67 (0.41–1.10), respectively, interaction P-value = 0.009). Similarly, an association between atrial cardiopathy and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality was observed in the presence compared to the absence of hypertension (HR (95% CI): 1.64 (1.08–2.47) vs. 0.63 (0.20–2.00), respectively, interaction P-value = 0.20).

CONCLUSIONS

Concomitant presence of high BP and atrial cardiopathy carries a higher risk of mortality, and the risk increases with higher BP levels.
Evaluating the Compartment-Specific Effects in Superficial Facial Fat Compartments After Thread-Lifts by the Tensiometer and FACE-Q
Authors: Kim Cheol Hwan
Published: July 2022

Background

The thread-lifts have been popularized because they offered minimally invasive procedures of facial rejuvenation, but not evaluated by the objective assessment system.

Objectives

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the compartment-specific effects after thread-lifts by the tensiometer and FACE-Q.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study was performed on 369 consecutive patients undergoing the thread-lifts with V-Loc devices (n = 173) and the limited scar face lifts (n = 196), with the mean follow-up period of 32.2 ± 5.2 months, between January 2014 and December 2015. Two hundred-seventy patients had intraoperative tension measurements performed. In an online survey, the blinded study coordinator registered all data in 12 FACE-Q scales.

Results

The average age was 46.0 ± 10.1 years. The complication rate was 4.8%. The mean value of the tensions was 9.5 ± 1.9 N. Patients were better satisfied with the appearance of their marionette (44.3 ± 24.8) lifted by device 3&4 (10.1 ± 1.6 N), compared with satisfaction with the appearance of their nasolabial folds (37.9 ± 20.7) lifted by device 1&2 (8.7 ± 2.1 N). The satisfaction of patients of the 40s and 50s&60s was higher than that of patients of the 20s&30s with decision. The satisfaction of patients undergoing limited scar face lifts was higher than that of patients undergoing thread-lifts with social and psychological functions.

Conclusions

The tension measurements correlate with compartment-specific effects and play the same role as the indicator between gravitational and volumetric theories, but the limited effectiveness of thread-lifts was found to look 2.3 years younger during a mean follow-up of 2.5 years.

Level of Evidence: 3
NMRpQuant: an automated software for large scale urinary total protein quantification by one-dimensional 1H NMR profiles
Authors: Takis Panteleimon G , Vuckovic Ivan , Tan Tricia , Denic Aleksandar , Lieske John C , Lewis Matthew R , Macura Slobodan
Published: July 2022

1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is an established bioanalytical technology for metabolic profiling of biofluids in both clinical and large-scale population screening applications. Recently, urinary protein quantification has been demonstrated using the same 1D 1H NMR experimental data captured for metabolic profiling. Here, we introduce NMRpQuant, a freely available platform that builds on these findings with both novel and further optimized computational NMR approaches for rigorous, automated protein urine quantification. The results are validated by interlaboratory comparisons, demonstrating agreement with clinical/biochemical methodologies, pointing at a ready-to-use tool for routine protein urinalyses.

Availability and implementation

NMRpQuant was developed on MATLAB programming environment. Source code and Windows/macOS compiled applications are available at https://github.com/pantakis/NMRpQuant, and working examples are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.18737189.v1.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
PanTools v3: functional annotation, classification and phylogenomics
Authors: Jonkheer Eef M , van Workum Dirk-Jan M , Sheikhizadeh Anari Siavash , Brankovics Balázs , de Haan Jorn R , Berke Lidija , van der Lee Theo A J , de Ridder Dick , Smit Sandra
Published: July 2022

The ever-increasing number of sequenced genomes necessitates the development of pangenomic approaches for comparative genomics. Introduced in 2016, PanTools is a platform that allows pangenome construction, homology grouping and pangenomic read mapping. The use of graph database technology makes PanTools versatile, applicable from small viral genomes like SARS-CoV-2 up to large plant or animal genomes like tomato or human. Here, we present our third major update to PanTools that enables the integration of functional annotations and provides both gene-level analyses and phylogenetics.

Availability and implementation

PanTools is implemented in Java 8 and released under the GNU GPLv3 license. Software and documentation are available at https://git.wur.nl/bioinformatics/pantools

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Outpatient Cryptococcal Antigen Screening Is Associated With Favorable Baseline Characteristics and Improved Survival in Persons With Cryptococcal Meningitis in Uganda
Authors: Levin Anna E , Bangdiwala Ananta S , Nalintya Elizabeth , Kagimu Enock , Kasibante John , Rutakingirwa Morris K , Mpoza Edward , Jjunju Samuel , Nuwagira Edwin , Naluyima Rose , Kirumira Paul , Hou Cody , Ssebambulidde Kenneth , Musubire Abdu K , Williams Darlisha A , Abassi Mahsa , Muzoora Conrad , Hullsiek Katherine H , Rajasingham Radha , Meya David B , Boulware David R , Skipper Caleb P
Published: July 2022

Background

It is unknown whether persons with symptomatic cryptococcal meningitis detected during routine blood cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) screening have better survival than persons presenting with overt meningitis.

Methods

We prospectively enrolled Ugandans with HIV and cryptococcal meningitis from December 2018 to December 2021. Participants were treated with amphotericin-based combination therapy. We compared outcomes between persons who were CrAg screened then referred to hospital with those presenting directly to the hospital with symptomatic meningitis.

Results

Among 489 participants with cryptococcal meningitis, 40% (194/489) received blood CrAg screening and were referred to hospital (median time to referral 2 days; interquartile range [IQR], 1–6). CrAg-screened persons referred to hospital had lower 14-day mortality than non–CrAg-screened persons who presented directly to hospital with symptomatic meningitis (12% vs 21%; hazard ratio, .51; 95% confidence interval, .32–.83; P = .006). Fewer CrAg-screened participants had altered mental status versus non–CrAg-screened participants (29% vs 41%; P = .03). CrAg-screened persons had lower quantitative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture burden (median [IQR], 4570 [11–100 000] vs 26 900 [182–324 000] CFU/mL; P = .01) and lower CSF opening pressures (median [IQR], 190 [120–270] vs 225 [140–340] mmH2O; P = .004) compared with non–CrAg-screened persons.

Conclusions

Survival from cryptococcal meningitis was higher in persons with prior CrAg screening than those without CrAg screening. Altered mental status was the most potent predictor for mortality in a multivariate model. We suggest that CrAg screening detects cryptococcal meningitis at an earlier stage, as evidenced by a favorable baseline risk profile and notably fewer persons with altered mental status.
What is the out-of-pocket expenditure on medicines in India? An empirical assessment using a novel methodology
Authors: Prinja Shankar , Kumar Sumit , Sharma Atul , Kar Sitanshu Sekhar , Tripathi Narayan , Dumka Neha , Sharma Sandeep , Mukhopadhyay Indranil , Rana Saroj Kumar , Garg Samir , Kotwal Atul , Aggarwal Arun Kumar
Published: July 2022

The share of expenditure on medicines as part of the total out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure on healthcare services has been reported to be much higher in India than in other countries. This study was conducted to ascertain the extent of this share of medicine expenditure using a novel methodology. OOP expenditure data were collected through exit interviews with 5252 out-patient department patients in three states of India. Follow-up interviews were conducted after Days 1 and 15 of the baseline to identify any additional expenditure incurred. In addition, medicine prescription data were collected from the patients through prescription audits. Self-reported expenditure on medicines was compared with the amount imputed using local market prices based on prescription data. The results were also compared with the mean expenditure on medicines per spell of ailment among non-hospitalized cases from the National Sample Survey (NSS) 75th round for the corresponding states and districts, which is based on household survey methodology. The share of medicines in OOP expenditure did not change significantly for organized private hospitals using the patient-reported vs imputation-based methods (30.74–29.61%). Large reductions were observed for single-doctor clinics, especially in the case of ‘Ayurvedic’ (64.51–36.51%) and homeopathic (57.53–42.74%) practitioners. After adjustment for socio-demographic factors and types of ailments, we found that household data collection as per NSS methodology leads to an increase of 25% and 26% in the reported share of medicines for public- and private-sector out-patient consultations respectively, as compared with facility-based exit interviews with the imputation of expenditure for medicines as per actual quantity and price data. The nature of healthcare transactions at single-doctor clinics in rural India leads to an over-reporting of expenditure on medicines by patients. While household surveys are valid to provide total expenditure, these are less likely to correctly estimate the share of medicine expenditure.
ACE2 and TMPRSS2 SARS-CoV-2 infectivity genes: deep mutational scanning and characterization of missense variants
Authors: Zhang Lingxin , Sarangi Vivekananda , Liu Duan , Ho Ming-Fen , Grassi Angela R , Wei Lixuan , Moon Irene , Vierkant Robert A , Larson Nicholas B , Lazaridis Konstantinos N , Athreya Arjun P , Wang Liewei , Weinshilboum Richard
Published: July 2022

The human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) proteins play key roles in the cellular internalization of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the coronavirus responsible for the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We set out to functionally characterize the ACE2 and TMPRSS2 protein abundance for variant alleles encoding these proteins that contained non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in their open reading frames (ORFs). Specifically, a high-throughput assay, deep mutational scanning (DMS), was employed to test the functional implications of nsSNPs, which are variants of uncertain significance in these two genes. Specifically, we used a ‘landing pad’ system designed to quantify the protein expression for 433 nsSNPs that have been observed in the ACE2 and TMPRSS2 ORFs and found that 8 of 127 ACE2, 19 of 157 TMPRSS2 isoform 1 and 13 of 149 TMPRSS2 isoform 2 variant proteins displayed less than ~25% of the wild-type protein expression, whereas 4 ACE2 variants displayed 25% or greater increases in protein expression. As a result, we concluded that nsSNPs in genes encoding ACE2 and TMPRSS2 might potentially influence SARS-CoV-2 infectivity. These results can now be applied to DNA sequence data for patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 to determine the possible impact of patient-based DNA sequence variation on the clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Natural history of KBG syndrome in a large European cohort
Authors: Loberti Lorenzo , Bruno Lucia Pia , Granata Stefania , Doddato Gabriella , Resciniti Sara , Fava Francesca , Carullo Michele , Rahikkala Elisa , Jouret Guillaume , Menke Leonie A , Lederer Damien , Vrielynck Pascal , Ryba Lukáš , Brunetti-Pierri Nicola , Lasa-Aranzasti Amaia , Cueto-González Anna Maria , Trujillano Laura , Valenzuela Irene , Tizzano Eduardo F , Spinelli Alessandro Mauro , Bruno Irene , Currò Aurora , Stanzial Franco , Benedicenti Francesco , Lopergolo Diego , Santorelli Filippo Maria , Aristidou Constantia , Tanteles George A , Maystadt Isabelle , Tkemaladze Tinatin , Reimand Tiia , Lokke Helen , Õunap Katrin , Haanpää Maria K , Holubová Andrea , Zoubková Veronika , Schwarz Martin , Žordania Riina , Muru Kai , Roht Laura , Tihveräinen Annika , Teek Rita , Thomson Ulvi , Atallah Isis , Superti-Furga Andrea , Buoni Sabrina , Canitano Roberto , Scandurra Valeria , Rossetti Annalisa , Grosso Salvatore , Battini Roberta , Baldassarri Margherita , Mencarelli Maria Antonietta , Rizzo Caterina Lo , Bruttini Mirella , Mari Francesca , Ariani Francesca , Renieri Alessandra , Pinto Anna Maria
Published: July 2022

KBG syndrome (KBGS) is characterized by distinctive facial gestalt, short stature and variable clinical findings. With ageing, some features become more recognizable, allowing a differential diagnosis. We aimed to better characterize natural history of KBGS. In the context of a European collaborative study, we collected the largest cohort of KBGS patients (49). A combined array- based Comparative Genomic Hybridization and next generation sequencing (NGS) approach investigated both genomic Copy Number Variants and SNVs. Intellectual disability (ID) (82%) ranged from mild to moderate with severe ID identified in two patients. Epilepsy was present in 26.5%. Short stature was consistent over time, while occipitofrontal circumference (median value: −0.88 SD at birth) normalized over years. Cerebral anomalies, were identified in 56% of patients and thus represented the second most relevant clinical feature reinforcing clinical suspicion in the paediatric age when short stature and vertebral/dental anomalies are vague. Macrodontia, oligodontia and dental agenesis (53%) were almost as frequent as skeletal anomalies, such as brachydactyly, short fifth finger, fifth finger clinodactyly, pectus excavatum/carinatum, delayed bone age. In 28.5% of individuals, prenatal ultrasound anomalies were reported. Except for three splicing variants, leading to a premature termination, variants were almost all frameshift. Our results, broadening the spectrum of KBGS phenotype progression, provide useful tools to facilitate differential diagnosis and improve clinical management. We suggest to consider a wider range of dental anomalies before excluding diagnosis and to perform a careful odontoiatric/ear-nose-throat (ENT) evaluation in order to look for even submucosal palate cleft given the high percentage of palate abnormalities. NGS approaches, following evidence of antenatal ultrasound anomalies, should include ANKRD11.
Outer Lipschitz Geometry of Complex Algebraic Plane Curves
Authors: Targino Renato
Published: July 2022

We present a complete classification of complex plane algebraic curves equipped with the outer metric up to bi-Lipschitz homeomorphism.
Why Do Military Officers Condone Sexual Violence? A General Theory of Commander Tolerance
Authors: Ju Changwook
Published: July 2022

Why do commanders tolerate sexual violence by their subordinates? Commander tolerance allows military sexual violence (MSV) to persist in times of peace, war, and post-conflict peacekeeping. However, most of the previous studies on MSV have focused on perpetrators’ criminal motives while neglecting the role of commander tolerance. In this article, I offer a tripartite general theory of commander tolerance that systematically weaves together the diverse conditions under which commanders tolerate MSV at the micro, meso, and macro levels of social scientific inquiry. Toward this end, I build on the conventional principal–agent model of MSV but crucially depart from its core constructs to create a dynamic multi-commander theoretical framework. The theory represents the most rigorous explanation of commander tolerance to date and offers practical implications for military justice systems in terms of MSV. Placing commander tolerance at the center of studies on military violence opens an array of new avenues for research.
Development and Validation of a DLLME–GC–MS-MS Method for the Determination of Benzotriazole UV Stabilizer UV-327 and Its Metabolites in Human Blood
Authors: Fischer Corinna , Göen Thomas
Published: July 2022

2-(5-Chloro-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-di-(tert-butyl)phenol (UV-327) is used as an ultraviolet (UV) absorber in plastic materials and coatings. To investigate its metabolism and to assess human exposure, analytical methods are necessary for the determination of UV-327 and its metabolites in human biological specimens. The method thus presented targets the determination of UV-327 and several of its predicted metabolites in blood using protein precipitation, dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) and derivatization. The trimethylsilylated analytes and internal standards are separated by gas chromatography and analyzed with tandem mass spectrometry. The DLLME procedure was optimized with respect to the type and volume of disperser and extraction solvents, the pH value of the sample solution and the addition of salt. During method development, an effective ex vivo lactone/hydroxyl carboxylic acid interconversion was observed for two metabolites, each containing a carboxyl group adjacent to the phenolic hydroxyl group. The analytes resulting from interconversion enabled a more sensitive and reliable determination of the metabolites compared to their native structures. Method validation revealed limits of detection between 0.02 and 0.36 µg/L. The mean relative recovery rates ranged from 91% to 118%. Precision and repeatability were demonstrated by relative standard deviations in the range of 0.6–14.2% and 1.1–13.7%, respectively. The presently described procedure enables the sensitive and robust analysis of UV-327 and its metabolites in human blood and allows the elucidation of the human UV-327 metabolism as well as the assessment of exposure in potentially exposed individuals.
South–south migration and female labor supply in the Dominican Republic
Authors: Hiller Tatiana , Rodríguez Chatruc Marisol
Published: July 2022

This article investigates the effects of female immigration to the Dominican Republic (DR)—most of which is from Haiti and of low-education levels—on the labor supply of native women. Using individual-level data for 2003–2016 and exploiting geographic variation in early immigrant settlements together with time variation in female immigration inflows, we find that female immigration has led to disparate outcomes across women of different education levels and family structures. In line with the evidence from developed countries, female immigration to the DR is associated with an increase in the hours worked by highly educated native women with family dependents (relative to equally educated women without dependents). However, for low-educated native women, female immigration is associated with a decrease in hours worked and in earnings. Our results underscore the importance of studying the disparate effects of migration on vulnerable groups in developing countries.
Practical management of older adults with cancer: geriatric oncology in Japan
Authors: Mizutani Tomonori
Published: July 2022

Japan has the highest proportion of older adults globally, and the average life expectancy of the Japanese population has increased in recent decades. Given that the incidence of cancer increases with age, it is a major health concern for older adults. However, geriatric oncology is a relatively new field and collaboration between oncologists and geriatricians in Japan is limited. Hence, oncologists and other healthcare professionals engaged in cancer care have not been able to adequately understand geriatric care, and information and experience are insufficient for this specific population. Thus, they may struggle with the assessment and management of older adults with cancer. Recently, several Japanese academic societies for cancer have developed practical guidelines and research policy with regard to geriatric research in older adults with cancer, in addition to organizing symposia and workshops focusing especially on geriatric oncology. Furthermore, because the Japan Geriatrics Society established a discipline committee on cancer, close collaboration between oncologists and geriatricians has grown steadily. Geriatric oncology is currently recognized as an important field of cancer care in Japan. The integration of oncology and geriatric care is anticipated in the near future. However, understanding the aspects of geriatric care and meanings of technical jargons used in geriatric oncology is difficult. Accordingly, this article provides an overview of the current knowledge and recent advancements in geriatric oncology. In addition, it outlines the current status and problems of geriatric oncology in Japan.
‘THIS IS NO COUNTRY FOR OLD (WO)MEN’? AN EXAMINATION OF THE APPROACH TAKEN TO CARE HOME RESIDENTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Ó Néill Clayton
Published: July 2022

This article discusses the human rights of residents in care homes in England who were affected by restrictions that were imposed during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic in order to safeguard health and life at a time of public health emergency. It focuses on the potentially adversarial relationship between the need to protect the health of these residents and the possible adverse interferences with their human rights in the initial phase of the pandemic. The scope and application of these rights to the healthcare context is not straightforward due to the exigencies of the pandemic. Consideration is given to whether their rights, as protected by the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) are vindicated or breached by the actions taken in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The article questions whether the restrictions that were applied were justified, given the limitations that exist within some ECHR Articles. It deliberates upon what can be done to ensure that relevant bodies and care homes, themselves, are better enabled to respond to a public health emergency in an individualistic, rights-based manner, based upon both principlism and pragmatism.
Do Ask, Do Tell: Understanding Disclosure of Sexuality and Implications Among MSM Active Duty Service Members
Authors: Staten M Colten , Webster Alicia , Carter Gregory
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Men who have sex with men (MSM) account for over half of new diagnoses of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) every year in the United States, with over one-third of this population being unaware of their HIV status. The U.S. Military requires biannual HIV testing for all service members. Although this may be an appropriate recommendation for the military at large, current health protection agencies suggest more frequent testing for those at increased risk of HIV transmission, such as those in the MSM community. However, more frequent testing for those at higher risk relies heavily on the preliminary step of patient disclosure of sexual practices to health care providers.

Materials and Methods

An exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted in order to gain a better understanding of the relationship between sexual health variables and the disclosure of sexual identity to health care providers by MSM service members. A convenience sample of MSM currently serving in the U.S. military services (N = 354) was used to collect demographic data, sexual health and history, and opinions concerning medical treatment and HIV. Analyses of the data were conducted using univariate analysis and multivariate regression.

Results

Men of color were more likely to report a higher degree of sexual identification transparency with their health care providers, which deviates from the civilian population. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake was increased among individuals who were more transparent with their health care providers.

Conclusions

Findings from this study indicate that feeling more comfortable sharing one’s sexual identification with a health care provider results in increased engagement with HIV prevention measures. Potential implications for the Military Health System are the advancement of preventive sexual health screening procedures and the development and revision of policies that promote positive outcomes for gender and sexual minorities.
COVID-19 anti-contagion policies and economic support measures in the USA
Authors: Dergiades Theologos , Milas Costas , Mossialos Elias , Panagiotidis Theodore
Published: July 2022

Current literature assumes that non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) reduce COVID-19 infections uniformly, that is, irrespectively of their strength. The role of economic support measures (ESM) in controlling the virus is also overlooked. Using a panel threshold model of COVID-19 cases in the US states, we identify three distinct regimes of ‘low’, ‘medium’, and ‘high’ severity interventions; the latter being more effective towards reducing infections growth. ESM increase the efficacy of NPIs through a behavioural channel that lowers the workplace hours supplied by individuals. Nonetheless, when containment policies are not very stringent (‘low’ regime) or are too draconian (‘high’ regime), ESM are less effective towards suppressing the pandemic. Finally, we find that the largest impact towards reducing the growth of infections comes jointly from school closures, workplace closures, cancelation of public events, and restrictions on internal movement, followed by the stay-at-home requirements, and the closure of public transport.
DNA hypermethylation promotes the flowering of orchardgrass during vernalization
Authors: Yang Zhongfu , Yan Haidong , Wang Jianping , Nie Gang , Feng Guangyan , Xu Xiaoheng , Li Dandan , Huang Linkai , Zhang Xinquan
Published: July 2022

Vernalization, influenced by environmental factors, is an essential process associated with the productivity of temperate crops, during which epigenetic regulation of gene expression plays an important role. Although DNA methylation is one of the major epigenetic mechanisms associated with the control of gene expression, global changes in DNA methylation in the regulation of gene expression during vernalization-induced flowering of temperate plants remain largely undetermined. To characterize vernalization-associated DNA methylation dynamics, we performed whole-genome bisulfite-treated sequencing and transcriptome sequencing in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) during vernalization. The results revealed that increased levels of genome DNA methylation during the early vernalization of orchardgrass were associated with transcriptional changes in DNA methyltransferase and demethylase genes. Upregulated expression of vernalization-related genes during early vernalization was attributable to an increase in mCHH in the promoter regions of these genes. Application of an exogenous DNA methylation accelerator or overexpression of orchardgrass NUCLEAR POLY(A) POLYMERASE (DgPAPS4) promoted earlier flowering, indicating that DNA hypermethylation plays an important role in vernalization-induced flowering. Collectively, our findings revealed that vernalization-induced hypermethylation is responsible for floral primordium initiation and development. These observations provide a theoretical foundation for further studies on the molecular mechanisms underlying the control of vernalization in temperate grasses.