bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reactions with Geminal Diazides: Long Known, Full of Surprises, and New Opportunities
Authors: Kirsch Stefan F. , Bensberg Kathrin
Published: August 2022

Geminal diazides are uncommon yet powerful tools in organic synthesis. The chemistry of this class of functional compounds is characterized by quite unusual reactivities, including fragmentations and degradations, along with known reactions of organic azides. This Short Review highlights the major reactivities of various structural units having geminal diazido moieties, and provides an overview on the synthetic opportunities of such compounds.

1 Introduction

2 Preparation of Geminal Diazides

3 Reactivities of Geminal Diazides

3.1 α,α-Diazido Carbonyls

3.2 1,3-Diketones

3.3 Diazidated β-Ketoesters

3.4 Diazidated Malonates

3.5 Diazidated Malonamides

3.6 Miscellaneous Geminal Diazides

4 Conclusion
The inequality impacts of the carbon tax in China
Authors: Chen Shuyang
Published: August 2022

Previous research has acknowledged that climate change is likely to expand the wealth gap, and climate policies may further increase inequality. Nevertheless, little research has focused on how climate policies affect inequality. To address this, we employ a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model to quantify the inequality impacts of the Chinese carbon taxes. Our CGE model results show that tax impacts on inequality are influenced by distribution of climate damages, tax payments, and recycling of tax revenues. Specifically, a positive correlation between income and climate damage induces lower inequality, compared to a zero or negative correlation. Tax payments by high-income households induce lower inequality than tax payments proportional to or independent from income. Recycling tax revenues to low-income households only induces lower inequality than the other recycling schemes. The results imply that relative utility is determined by absolute income, whereas income inequality only has a slight impact on it. In other words, governments could reduce negative feelings about inequality under a climate policy by increasing national income, even if the climate policy may induce higher inequality.
DNA origami folds proteins into nanoarrays with precision
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: August 2022

Controlling the position and orientation of biomolecules can lead to improved biochip technology.
Development of a low voltage railgun in the context of a swept lightning stroke on an aircraft
Authors: Andraud V. , Sousa Martins R. , Zaepffel C. , Landfried R. , Testé P.
Published: August 2022

When aircraft are struck by lightning, the aircraft’s structural fuselage and components are stressed by electrical and thermo-mechanical constraints, which imposes a need for reliable experimental test benches to design accurate and enhanced lightning protection. In order to reproduce the in-flight conditions of an aircraft in a laboratory, the aim of this work is to design and implement launch equipment able to propel aeronautical test samples at speeds characteristic of an aircraft— from 10 m/s for ultra-light gliders to 100 m/s for airliners—before striking it with an electric arc within the laboratory dimensions of several meters. After a comparison of several propulsion techniques, the selected solution is an augmented electromagnetic railgun launcher. Since it requires the injection of a high current to be efficient and a low voltage operative point for safety considerations, specific and original electric generator and rail structures have been designed and experimentally implemented. Particular attention has been paid to the experimental problems encountered and mainly the sliding contact, since almost no literature references are available for railgun equipment at this level of performance. Then, based on different experimental implementations, a dynamic and ballistic model of the projectile has been developed to evaluate and characterize friction forces with the aim of predicting launcher performances with different inputs. This serves to control the speed of the material test sample during the lightning strike. Finally, the railgun equipment has been coupled to a lightning generator to reproduce the lightning strike of an aircraft respecting in-flight conditions.
Generation of electron vortex beams with over 1000 orbital angular momentum quanta using a tunable electrostatic spiral phase plate
Authors: Tavabi A. H. , Rosi P. , Roncaglia A. , Rotunno E. , Beleggia M. , Lu P.-H. , Belsito L. , Pozzi G. , Frabboni S. , Tiemeijer P. , Dunin-Borkowski R. E. , Grillo V.
Published: August 2022

We report the use of an electrostatic micro-electromechanical systems-based device to produce high quality electron vortex beams with more than 1000 quanta of orbital angular momentum (OAM). Diffraction and off-axis electron holography experiments are used to show that the diameter of the vortex in the diffraction plane increases linearly with OAM, thereby allowing the angular momentum content of the vortex to be calibrated. The realization of electron vortex beams with even larger values of OAM is currently limited by the breakdown voltage of the device. Potential solutions to overcome this problem are discussed.
The effect of coastal terrain on nearshore offshore wind farms: A large-eddy simulation study
Authors: Goit Jay Prakash , Önder Asim
Published: August 2022

Performance of offshore wind farms built in the nearshore region will be affected by onshore terrain with higher turbulence in the flow when wind is blowing from land toward sea. Current study employs large-eddy simulation to investigate the effect of coastal terrain on the performance of large nearshore offshore wind farms. At first, two atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) simulation cases are defined to investigate the evolution of an internal boundary layer (IBL) during the sea-to-land and land-to-sea transition of the flow. The growth rate of the IBL was similar for both ABL simulation cases. However, the mean velocity-based definition of IBL heights, which essentially are the equilibrium layer, were half the height of shear stress-based IBLs. The first wind farm simulation case only considers an offshore surface, while the second case includes the region with land-to-sea transition upstream of the wind farm. Better wake recovery is observed in the case that considers the effect of onshore terrain. This is attributed to the higher inflow turbulence level, which resulted in higher entrainment of kinetic energy from the flow above. The farm-induced IBL for a land-to-sea transition case shows rapid growth for the first few turbine rows, while the offshore only case shows gradual growth. However, the difference between the two IBLs decreases with downstream distance, implying that for sufficiently long wind farms, both IBLs will converge. Total power output of the land-to-sea transition case is 17% higher than the offshore only case for the farm layout and roughness heights considered in this study.
Quantifying electron scattering by electrostatic solitary waves in the Earth's bow shock
Authors: Kamaletdinov S. R. , Vasko I. Y. , Artemyev A. V. , Wang R. , Mozer F. S.
Published: August 2022

The electrostatic fluctuations are always present in the Earth's bow shock at frequencies above about 100 Hz, but the effects of this wave activity on electron dynamics have not been quantified yet. In this paper, we quantify electron pitch-angle scattering by electrostatic solitary waves, which make up a substantial part of the electrostatic fluctuations in the Earth's bow shock and were recently shown to be predominantly ion holes. We present analytical estimates and test-particle simulations of electron pitch-angle scattering by ion holes typical of the Earth's bow shock and conclude that this scattering can be rather well quantified within the quasi-linear theory. We use the observed distributions of ion hole parameters to estimate pitch-angle scattering rates by the ensemble of ion holes typical of the Earth's bow shock. We use the recently proposed theory of stochastic shock drift acceleration to show that pitch-angle scattering of electrons by the electrostatic fluctuations can keep electrons in the shock transition region long enough to support acceleration of thermal electrons by a factor of a few tens, that is up to a few hundred eV. Importantly, the electrostatic fluctuations can be more efficient in pitch-angle scattering of ≲1 keV electrons, than typically observed whistler waves.
Effects of the energetic particles on the anomalous transport driven by the ion temperature gradient instability
Authors: Yang Yueting , Liu Mengru , Zhou Cuizhi , Li Hourui , Zhang Debing
Published: August 2022

When the charge exchange time (τcx) is sufficiently shorter than the slowing-down time (τsl), the distribution of energetic particles (EPs) is bump-on-tail. In this work, the effects of EPs on the anomalous transport driven by the ion temperature gradient (ITG) instability are investigated. The dispersion relation is theoretically derived and numerically solved to analyze the effects of EPs on the linear frequency of ITG instability. Two kinds of bump-on-tail distribution, denoted by τ=13τsl/τcx=1.133 and 6.8, and the slowing-down distribution, denoted by τ = 0, are considered. Based on the linear results, the quasilinear particle and energy fluxes of bulk ions are analyzed. It is found that effects of the EPs on the ITG linear frequency and quasilinear transport are obvious in the regions with the EPs initial energy E0/Te<60 and the EPs charge concentration Zhεh>0.01, where Te is the electron temperature, Zh and εh are the charge number and fraction of EPs, respectively. Existence of the EPs is beneficial for the stabilization of ITG instability. Moreover, the ITG instability can be better stabilized with the bump-on-tail distribution of energetic deuterium (D) and the slowing-down distribution of energetic helium (He). However, in the cases with the slowing-down distribution of D and the bump-on-tail distribution of He, the particle fluxes of bulk ions are inwardly largest and the energy fluxes of bulk ions are outwardly smallest, which indicate that the better particle and energy confinement appear with the slowing-down distribution of D and the bump-on-tail distribution of He.
Narrow-band and peak responsivity enhanced metal microcavity quantum well infrared detector
Authors: Dong Tianyang , Yin Yizhe , Nie Xiaofei , Jin Pengkang , Li Tianxin , Zhen Honglou , Lu Wei
Published: August 2022

The integration of narrow-band and spectral detection capabilities on pixel-level detectors is widely expected for compact infrared gas detection. This imposes great challenges on the detector performance, as the device response must precisely match with the gas absorption spectrum while also collecting enough signals in a limited spectral range to maintain high detection sensitivity. In this paper, a pixel-level narrow-band high quantum efficiency metal microcavity quantum well infrared photodetector (MC-QWIP) working around 10.6 μm is designed and fabricated. The device shows good narrow-band characteristics (200–550 nm) and high peak responsivity (at least eight times stronger than the reference device with 45° edge facet). The results of experiments and numerical simulations show that several different resonance modes with peak wavelengths close to the intrinsic detection wavelength can be obtained by changing the width of the microcavity. The response bandwidth of the device can be controlled by changing resonance modes, while the resonant wavelength can be fine-tuned by the width of the microcavity. This indicates that the MC-QWIP device has good prospects in narrow-band gas detection and narrow-band differential detection.
Resonance in the flow past a highly confined circular cylinder
Authors: Nguyen Quang Duy , Lei Chengwang
Published: August 2022

A three-dimensional direct numerical simulation is carried out to investigate the response of the flow past a highly confined circular cylinder to single-mode sinusoidal perturbations. The Reynolds number is fixed at 1000, and the blockage ratio (the ratio of the cylinder diameter to the distance between two lateral walls) is fixed at 0.6. Local perturbations are introduced upstream of the cylinder at normalized excitation frequencies (fe/f0) from 0.2 to 3.4, where f0 is the vortex shedding frequency in an unperturbed flow. It is observed that the vortex shedding frequency of the perturbed flows (fs) and the excitation frequency (fe) are locked-on in four distinct modes including fs = 2.0fe, fs = 1.5fe, fs = 1.0fe, and fs = 0.5fe, respectively. Among them, the fundamental lock-on with fs = 0.5fe appears over a wide range of excitation frequencies (fe/f0 = 1.4–2.8). By contrast, only the fundamental lock-on regime of fs = 0.5fe is observed when perturbing an unconfined flow at the same Reynolds number, highlighting the significant impact of confinement on the lock-on behavior. It is further revealed that the lock-on behavior is controlled by the responses of separated shear layers in the near wake, which switch from higher modes to lower modes with increasing excitation frequency in the confined flow.
Controlled Si doping of
β
-Ga2O3 by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: McCandless J. P. , Protasenko V. , Morell B. W. , Steinbrunner E. , Neal A. T. , Tanen N. , Cho Y. , Asel T. J. , Mou S. , Vogt P. , Xing H. G. , Jena D.
Published: August 2022

We report controlled silicon doping of Ga2O3 grown in plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Adding an endplate to the Si effusion cell enables the control of the mobile carrier density, leading to over 5-orders of magnitude change in the electrical resistivity. Room temperature mobilities >100  cm2/V s are achieved, with a peak value >125  cm2/V s at a doping density of low-1017/cm3. Temperature-dependent Hall effect measurements exhibit carrier freeze out for samples doped below the Mott criterion. A mobility of 390  cm2/V s is observed at 97  K.
Reversible topological non-reciprocity by positive–negative Poisson's ratio switch in chiral metamaterials
Authors: Gao Wen-Ting , Yang Chenwen , Tan Yu-Tao , Ren Jie
Published: August 2022

Topological non-reciprocity provides a robust approach to control the wave field. To realize reversible topological non-reciprocity in chiral metamaterials, researchers usually rely on reversing angular momentum bias of the circulation flow, time reversing the spatiotemporal modulation, and so on. Here, we demonstrate that switching Poisson's ratio from positive to negative can reverse the topological non-reciprocity by mechanically stretching and compressing a chiral acoustic metamaterial. We find that the positive–negative switch of Poisson's ratio is associated with the topological phase transition of the acoustic lattice, which is manifested as the reversed propagation of topological edge modes. The reversed topological non-reciprocity of metamaterials is attributed to the transmission switch of the three-port chiral unit. Finally, we propose a design of topological wave splitters, in which transmission directions are adjusted by the Poisson's ratio of the device. Our results indicate that the Poisson's ratio of metamaterials can introduce peculiar topological properties and bring potential applications for wave isolators, modulators, and circulators.
Characterizing interface topology in multiphase flows using skeletons
Authors: Chen Xianyang , Lu Jiacai , Zaleski Stéphane , Tryggvason Grétar
Published: August 2022

The unsteady motion of a gas–liquid interface, such as during splashing or atomization, often results in complex liquid structures embedded in the ambient fluid. Here, we explore the use of skeletonization to identify the minimum amount of information needed to describe their geometry. We skeletonize a periodic liquid jet by a modification of a recently introduced approach to coarsen multiphase flows while retaining a sharp interface. The process consists of diffusing an index function and at the same time moving the interfaces with it, until they “collapse” into each other and form skeletons. The skeleton represents the basic topology of the jet and we also keep track of how much the interface is moved (or how much volume is “accumulated”) during the process, which can be used to approximately reconstruct the jet. We explore various quantitative measures to characterize and distinguish the skeletons. These include standard morphometrics such as branch length distribution, after segmenting the skeletons into branches, and a more sophisticated representation of the skeleton structures called topology morphology descriptor, to obtain an “equivalent” description of the skeletons by retaining information about the topology in a compact way.
The role of wake splitter deflector on performance enhancement of Savonius wind turbine
Authors: Fatahian Esmaeel , Ismail Farzad , Ishak Mohammad Hafifi Hafiz , Chang Wei Shyang
Published: August 2022

The Savonius drag-type wind turbine suffers from poor efficiency due to the adverse negative torques on the returning blades when they rotate against incoming flows. It was proven that using a suitable deflector system has the potential to improve wind turbine efficiency. However, as previously identified in studies, the common drawback of using a flat deflector is the strong wake zone behind it. The present study aims to improve the overall performance of a drag-type wind turbine by using a cylinder deflector with a wake splitter plate to manage and mitigate the detrimental effect of the wake zone behind the deflector. The wake control and suppressing vortex shedding downstream of a circular cylinder have been divided into active and passive flow control techniques. Amid the latter control methods, the adoption of splitter plates has proven to be highly effective for wake control and suppressing vortex shedding behind the cylinder. Unlike previous studies, a cylinder deflector with the wake splitter plate will be utilized instead of the conventional deflectors to improve the efficiency of the wind turbine by disturbing the wake zone downstream of the deflector. To obtain a more efficient configuration, the effect of the variations of the wake splitter length (Ls/D), attachment angle (θwsp), and the count of wake splitters on the outputs such as generated torque coefficient (Cm), power coefficient (CP), and wake zone on the performance of the Savonius rotor were investigated via Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation. The results revealed that cylinder deflectors with the wake splitter increased the Savonius rotor's performance the most for almost all Tip Speed Ratios (TSRs). The average Cm and CP raised considerably up to 15% using a deflector with two wake splitters at TSR = 0.6 compared to the case without deflectors.
A comparison of the threshold concentrations of DCD, DMPP and nitrapyrin to reduce urinary nitrogen nitrification rates on pasture soils – a laboratory study
Authors: Chibuike Grace , Palmada Thilak , Saggar Surinder , Giltrap Donna , Luo Jiafa
Published: August 2022

Context Using nitrification inhibitors (NIs) for the targeted management of urine patches, to reduce nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, requires determining the threshold concentrations of the NIs in urine for effective nitrification inhibition. Aims This study comparatively assessed the threshold concentrations of three NIs: dicyandiamide (DCD), 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl) pyridine (nitrapyrin) to reduce urinary nitrogen (N) nitrification rates on two contrasting pasture soils. Methods Four rates of each NI (3–27 mg DCD kg−1 soil, 1–13 mg DMPP kg−1 soil and 1–14 mg nitrapyrin kg−1 soil) were added to urine-amended soils and incubated at laboratory room temperature. The amended soils were sampled periodically to monitor changes in mineral-N concentrations. Key results The threshold concentration of DCD (3 mg kg−1 soil, lowest rate tested) was lower than that of nitrapyrin (5–7 mg kg−1 soil) and DMPP (13 mg kg−1 soil, highest rate tested) on both soils. Greater NI effectiveness corresponded to greater NI persistence, with higher (P < 0.05) half-life values observed for DCD (16 ± 2 days, mean ± s.e.) compared with nitrapyrin (10 ± 2 days) and DMPP (9.2 ± 0.3 days). All three NIs persisted longer (P < 0.05) with higher application rates. Conclusions Compared with DCD and nitrapyrin, a higher DMPP concentration was required to effectively inhibit urinary N nitrification rates in the pasture soils. Implications Choosing the ideal application rate of NIs to inhibit nitrification under field condition, and hence mitigate N2O emissions from urine patches, requires consideration of the factors that affect NI loss.
Unsupervised knowledge-transfer for learned image reconstruction*
Authors: Barbano Riccardo , Kereta Željko , Hauptmann Andreas , Arridge Simon R , Jin Bangti
Published: August 2022

Deep learning-based image reconstruction approaches have demonstrated impressive empirical performance in many imaging modalities. These approaches usually require a large amount of high-quality paired training data, which is often not available in medical imaging. To circumvent this issue we develop a novel unsupervised knowledge-transfer paradigm for learned reconstruction within a Bayesian framework. The proposed approach learns a reconstruction network in two phases. The first phase trains a reconstruction network with a set of ordered pairs comprising of ground truth images of ellipses and the corresponding simulated measurement data. The second phase fine-tunes the pretrained network to more realistic measurement data without supervision. By construction, the framework is capable of delivering predictive uncertainty information over the reconstructed image. We present extensive experimental results on low-dose and sparse-view computed tomography showing that the approach is competitive with several state-of-the-art supervised and unsupervised reconstruction techniques. Moreover, for test data distributed differently from the training data, the proposed framework can significantly improve reconstruction quality not only visually, but also quantitatively in terms of PSNR and SSIM, when compared with learned methods trained on the synthetic dataset only.
Full optical preparation of an absolute ground-state ultracold CsYb molecule via laser-assisted self-induced Feshbach resonance
Authors: Sun Zhi-Xin , Lyu Bing-Kuan , Wang Gao-Ren , Cong Shu-Lin
Published: August 2022

We investigate theoretically the formation of an ultracold CsYb molecule in the absolute ground state by full optical control. The laser-assisted self-induced Feshbach resonance takes place when the trap state in the optical lattice is coupled with a rovibrational state of the ground electronic state. The Feshbach molecule is formed in the resonant rovibrational state via an adiabatic population transfer by ramping the frequency of a chirped pulse. Two schemes are designed to prepare the absolute ground-state molecule starting from the Feshbach molecule: a pump–dump scheme controlled by short pulses and a stimulated-Raman-adiabatic-passage (STIRAP) scheme steered by long pulses. The probabilities of converting the Feshbach molecule to the absolute ground state molecule by using the pump–dump and the STIRAP schemes are 16% and 99%, respectively.
Explicit temperature coupling in phase-field crystal models of solidification
Authors: Punke Maik , Wise Steven M , Voigt Axel , Salvalaglio Marco
Published: August 2022

We present a phase-field crystal model for solidification that accounts for thermal transport and a temperature-dependent lattice parameter. Elasticity effects are characterized through the continuous elastic field computed from the microscopic density field. We showcase the model capabilities via selected numerical investigations which focus on the prototypical growth of two-dimensional crystals from the melt, resulting in faceted shapes and dendrites. This work sets the grounds for a comprehensive mesoscale model of solidification including thermal expansion.
Polarization improvement of perovskite nanowire composite films by mechanical stretching method
Authors: Zhang Sihan , Xiao Kaiwen , Zhang Yu , Ji Yucong , Wang Jiaxin , Chen Jun
Published: August 2022

Perovskite nanowires (NWs) have attracted considerable interest because of their excellent polarization properties. In this work, we first synthesized colloidal lead halide CsPbBr3 NWs with suitable lengths and excellent polarization performance by the method of the thermal injection. By embedding the NWs in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to prepare practical a polymer composite and combining it with the mechanical stretching method, we achieved films with higher polarizing properties. The optimized stretched composite film achieved a polarization degree of 0.4992, which is superior to that of the unstretched one. The stretched PVA molecules are arranged in a straight line, which absorbs the polarized light parallel to the alignment direction, and only allows the polarized light in the vertical direction to pass through. Therefore, the arrangement of the spin-coated NWs combined with the arrangement direction of the PVA molecules led to an improvement in the polarization performance of the composite film. The NWs-PVA-stretched composite films will show important application value in the manufacture of next-generation polarization-sensitive optoelectronic devices and other fields.
Direct mapping from PET coincidence data to proton-dose and positron activity using a deep learning approach
Authors: Rahman Atiq Ur , Nemallapudi Mythra Varun , Chou Cheng-Ying , Lin Chih-Hsun , Lee Shih-Chang
Published: August 2022

Objective. Obtaining the intrinsic dose distributions in particle therapy is a challenging problem that needs to be addressed by imaging algorithms to take advantage of secondary particle detectors. In this work, we investigate the utility of deep learning methods for achieving direct mapping from detector data to the intrinsic dose distribution. Approach. We performed Monte Carlo simulations using GATE/Geant4 10.4 simulation toolkits to generate a dataset using human CT phantom irradiated with high-energy protons and imaged with compact in-beam PET for realistic beam delivery in a single-fraction (∼2 Gy). We developed a neural network model based on conditional generative adversarial networks to generate dose maps conditioned on coincidence distributions in the detector. The model performance is evaluated by the mean relative error, absolute dose fraction difference, and shift in Bragg peak position. Main results. The relative deviation in the dose and range of the distributions predicted by the model from the true values for mono-energetic irradiation between 50 and 122 MeV lie within 1% and 2%, respectively. This was achieved using 105 coincidences acquired five minutes after irradiation. The relative deviation in the dose and range for spread-out Bragg peak distributions were within 1% and 2.6% uncertainties, respectively. Significance. An important aspect of this study is the demonstration of a method for direct mapping from detector counts to dose domain using the low count data of compact detectors suited for practical implementation in particle therapy. Including additional prior information in the future can further expand the scope of our model and also extend its application to other areas of medical imaging.
Reduction of pulsed particle load with dynamic pressure induced by transient recycled neutral flux
Authors: Hayashi Yuki , Tanaka Hirohiko , Ohno Noriyasu , Kajita Shin , Morgan Thomas , van der Meiden Hennie , Scholten John , Vernimmen Jordy , Natsume Hiroki , Sawada Keiji , Masuda Shota
Published: August 2022

From pulsed plasma experiments focusing on neutral pressure dependence, the impacts of a transition from a low to a high recycling target on the particle load were investigated and discussed in the linear plasma device, Magnum-PSI. Time traces of the target ion flux were mitigated in high neutral pressure cases because of a plasma-neutral interaction. On the other hand, in low neutral-pressure cases, the target ion flux indicated partial suppression in the last part of the pulse. The Langmuir probe, located 200 mm upstream from the target plate, did not exhibit such a suppression. Pulse suppression can be expected from the localized interaction between recycled neutral flux and pulsed plasma in front of the target. The mean-free paths of recycled neutral particles regarding the charge exchange with pulse ions and elastic scattering with background neutral particles were compared. Modeling using a fluid code coupled with a neutral transport code was performed, and it was concluded that dynamic pressure induced by the transient recycled neutral flux caused sufficient momentum loss to stagnate the pulsed plasma toward the target plate.
A single-layer less-wires stretchable wearable keyboard based on pressure switch conductive textile
Authors: Zhang Youzhi , Zou Jinjun , Wang Haojie , Zhou Chao , Chen Xizhang
Published: August 2022

The development of lightness, less wires and stretchable wearable devices is an emerging technological goal in human-computer interaction. Conductive textiles attract a great deal of interest as versatile materials for wearable devices. Although high-performance wearable devices based on multi-layer textile are widely studies, the large thickness and number of wires are still a major obstacle in large-area application. In this study, a novel pressure switch conductive (PSC) textile keyboard with single-layer structure is developed. The PSC textile keyboard is lightness, stretchable and only has four wires. Benefit from the soft, lightness and breathable of the PSC textile, the PSC textile keyboard naturally has excellent wearability. The application examples of integrating the PSC textile keyboard into lab coat and glove, wrapping on 3D object surface for touch perception are demonstrated. And the PSC textile keyboard can still work effectively even when it is folded into three layers. This study shows that the PSC textile keyboard has great potential in the fields of wearable devices and human–computer interface.
Simple design of a six-band terahertz perfect metasurface absorber based on a single resonator structure
Authors: Cheng Yongzhi , Zhao Jingcheng
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we present a simple design of six-band terahertz (THz) perfect metasurface absorber (PMSA) composed of a single circular-split-ring (CSR) structure placed over a ground-plane by a dielectric substrate. The average absorbance of 99.1% at six distinct frequencies can be obtained for the proposed PMSA under normal incident THz wave. The distribution characteristics of electric field reveal that the six absorption peaks of the proposed PMSA mainly originate from the combination of the higher-order localized surface plasmon (LSP) and propagating surface plasmon (PSP) resonance modes. Moreover, the influences of geometric parameters on the resonance absorption properties of PMSA were investigated numerically. Owing to its excellent properties, this design of the six-band PMSA may have potential applications in imaging, sensing and detection.
Clustering effect in description of the alpha and heavier decay half-life
Authors: Dagtas R , Bayrak O
Published: August 2022

We examine the alpha and heavier cluster decay half-lives of the nuclei for 87 ≤ Z ≤ 96 using the analytical formula obtained by the Wentzel-Kramers-Brilliouin (WKB) method within the framework of the cluster model for the modified harmonic oscillator and spherical Coulomb potential. We correlate the clustering effect in the nuclei with the nuclear potential depth only and systematically investigate the alpha and heavier cluster decay half-lives. In addition to half-lives, the branching ratios relative to alpha decay half-lives are also calculated and results are compared with experimental data. The rms deviations of the alpha and cluster decay half-lives show a good agreement with the universal decay law (UDL), Horoi and one single line of universal (UNIV) curve models. Utilizing the optimized cluster model parameters, we also predict the half-lives of 14C, 20O, 24,25Ne, 28,30Mg and 32Si cluster emissions from various isotopes for guiding future experiments.
Testing black holes in non-linear electrodynamics from the observed quasi-periodic oscillations
Authors: Banerjee Indrani
Published: August 2022

Quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs), in particular, the ones with high frequencies, often observed in the power spectrum of black holes, are useful in understanding the nature of strong gravity since they are associated with the motion of matter in the vicinity of the black hole horizon. Interestingly, these high frequency QPOs (HFQPOs) are observed in commensurable pairs, the most common ratio being 3:2. Several theoretical models are proposed in the literature which explain the HFQPOs in terms of the orbital and epicyclic frequencies of matter rotating around the central object. Since these frequencies are sensitive to the background spacetime, the observed HFQPOs can potentially extract useful information regarding the nature of the same. In this work, we investigate the role of regular black holes with a Minkowski core, which arise in gravity coupled to non-linear electrodynamics, in explaining the HFQPOs. Regular black holes are particularly interesting as they provide a possible resolution to the singularity problem in general relativity. We compare the model dependent QPO frequencies with the available observations of the quasi-periodic oscillations from black hole sources and perform a χ2 analysis. Our study reveals that most QPO models favor small but non-trivial values of the non-linear electrodynamics charge parameter. In particular, black holes with large values of non-linear electrodynamics charge parameter are generically disfavored by present observations related to QPOs.
Structure of continuous matrix product operator for transverse field Ising model: An analytic and numerical study
Authors: Zhang Yueshui , Wang Lei
Published: August 2022

We study the structure of the continuous matrix product operator (cMPO)[1] for the transverse field Ising model (TFIM). We prove TFIM’s cMPO is solvable and has the form

T
=

e

−

1
2

H
^

F

.

H
^

F

is a non-local free fermionic Hamiltonian on a ring with circumference β, whose ground state is gapped and non-degenerate even at the critical point. The full spectrum of

H
^

F

is determined analytically. At the critical point, our results verify the state–operator-correspondence[2] in the conformal field theory (CFT). We also design a numerical algorithm based on Bloch state ansatz to calculate the low-lying excited states of general (Hermitian) cMPO. Our numerical calculations coincide with the analytic results of TFIM. In the end, we give a short discussion about the entanglement entropy of cMPO’s ground state.
Long term operation of the radiation-hard Hall probes system and the path toward a high performance hybrid magnetic field sensor
Authors: Quercia A. , Pironti A. , Bolshakova I. , Holyaka R. , Duran I. , Murari A. , Contributors JET
Published: August 2022

The paper reports a systematic assessment of the radiation-hard Hall probes (RHP) magnetic diagnostic system of the JET tokamak, which is based on InSb semiconductor thin films, and describes the path that lead to the proposal of an innovative magnetic probe concept. A relevant account of RHP operation during the recent deuterium–tritium experimental campaign is also provided, showing correct operation under ITER-like intense neutron flux. The period considered for the systematic assessment of the RHP system ranges from October 2009 to March 2021, during which the machine produced more than 19 000 pulses. The RHP system consists of six three-dimensional Hall probes, which have built-in recalibration capability, thanks to the presence of microsolenoids that produce a local known field during a tailored automatic pre-pulse calibration sequence, that can also be initiated manually. During pulses, the microsolenoids can also be used as inductive sensors as their signals are recorded as well. Moreover, the system provides temperature measurements at the location of the probes, which are continuously recorded too. The assessment demonstrates accurate long-term operation of the RHP system. All the diagnostic channels reliably provide pre-pulse calibration data and pulse signals and the original sensitivities of the Hall sensors are preserved. Integration considerations and a data fusion analysis lead to the proposal of a high performance, compact, broadband, hybrid field probe, consisting of the combination of an inductive coil and a Hall sensor, to be manufactured by means of the coil technology developed for ITER or an alternative concept with improved radiation-hardness. The hybrid probe is expected to deliver the advantages of both inductive and Hall sensing technologies, essentially in the same package size of a single ITER magnetic discrete probe. In particular, it would solve the problem of the drift of the integrator for long lasting burning plasma discharges. The signals produced by the coil and the Hall sensor, processed by means of a Luenberger–Kalman observer, provide a magnetic field measurement which is non-drifting and low-noise. For these reasons, the hybrid probe has been proposed as the potential primary magnetic diagnostic sensor for future burning plasma experiments and demonstration fusion power plants.
Highly efficient spin-polarized beam splitter based on silicon Pancharatnam–Berry metasurface
Authors: Luo Lin , Ouyang Min , Fan Haihua , Dai Qiaofeng , Lu Daquan , Liu Haiying , Lan Sheng
Published: August 2022

The spin-polarized conversion and splitting of beam are highly important for photonic researches and applications. Although the photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) realized by the Pancharatnam–Berry (PB) metasurface has shown unprecedented capabilities to control spin-polarized light, spin-polarized beam splitting metadevices suffer from the limitations of low-efficiency. Here, we present a highly efficient spin-polarized beam splitter (SPBS) based on PB metasurface comprising silicon nano elliptical cylinder (Si-NEC) arrays. Because of the electromagnetic multipole resonance inside the designed Si-NECs, the PB metasurface can achieve high transmittance and enhanced PSHE. Therefore, the SPBS based on the PB metasurface can achieve a high spin conversion efficiency of nearly 100%, while ensuring a transmittance of 87% at 622 nm wavelength. It can also maintain a good working effect within the bandwidth of 600–660 nm. Furthermore, by introducing spatial shift between the two reverse Si-NEC arrays, the SPBS can also be used to realize 45° polarization rotation of an incident linearly polarized light, avoiding the input polarization angle dependence. Our design may have potential applications in high-performance and broadband spin-photonic devices.
Thermo-electric generation (TEG) enabled cookstoves in a rural Indian community: a longitudinal study of user behaviours and perceptions
Authors: Ahmed Imaduddin , Aier Imlisongla , Murtagh Niamh , Kaushal Priyanka , Lakhanpaul Monica , Vijay Virendra Kumar , Parikh Priti
Published: August 2022

Background. Traditional cookstoves that burn solid biomass are associated with inefficient burning, a high degree of household air pollution and high morbidity rates. A key barrier to the adoption of clean cookstoves has been the cost of fuels. Hence, a Thermo-Electric Generating (TEG) cookstove that used solid biomass fuels more efficiently and released less smoke was developed. The TEG cookstove also generates electricity to power small electric devices. Fifteen TEG cookstoves were distributed to villagers in the Indian state of Uttarakhand in 2019. Objective. We wanted to understand whether, after two years of distribution, TEG cookstoves were still used, what and where they were used for, their perceived impacts on health, and the barriers to their use. Methods used. We surveyed 10 of the 15 recipient households. We applied the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behaviour and Behaviour Change Wheel frameworks to understand what the barriers to adoption were, and what could be done to surmount these. Results. All respondents reported lower smoke levels and most respondents reported that the TEG cookstoves required less fuelwood than their traditional cookstoves, but none had used them in the month prior to the survey. Discussion. For those whose TEG cookstoves were still usable and had not been made redundant by clean cookstoves, we found there to be physical opportunity barriers and psychological capability barriers. Physical opportunity barriers included a small inlet for fuel, limited versatility beyond cooking at low temperatures, and the availability of only one hob. To surmount these barriers, we recommend co-design to suit user needs and education emphasising visible benefits of avoided soot on kitchen walls, in addition to the health benefits.
Nanotopography modulates cytoskeletal organization and dynamics during T cell activation
Authors: Wheatley Brittany A. , Rey-Suarez Ivan , Hourwitz Matt J. , Kerr Sarah , Shroff Hari , Fourkas John T. , Upadhyaya Arpita
Published: August 2022

Physical properties of the antigen presenting surface, such as stiffness and ligand mobility, play a critical role in T cell activation. Here we show that surface nanotopography modulates the organization of actin networks and signaling microclusters as well as the dynamics of actin and microtubule growth during early T cell activation.
GOPC facilitates the sorting of syndecan-1 in polarized epithelial cells
Authors: Ford Charlotte , Burd Christopher G.
Published: August 2022

The trans-Golgi network coordinates sorting and secretion of proteins and lipids to cellular organelles and the plasma membrane. It is revealed that Sdc1, a heparin sulfated proteoglycan present on basolateral membranes of polarized epithelia, requires the golgin GOPC for basolateral targeting, in contrast to its sorting requirements in nonpolarized cells.
Dynamic cell cycle–dependent phosphorylation modulates CENP-L–CENP-N centromere recruitment
Authors: Navarro Alexandra P. , Cheeseman Iain M.
Published: August 2022

Despite being constitutively localized to centromeres, the DNA proximal components of the kinetochore undergo substantial remodeling throughout the cell cycle. We highlight the role of cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation in regulating the interactions and localization of the CENP-LN complex.
Publication rates of pharmacy residents involved in a team-based research program
Authors: Bennett Kiya K , Fox Ashley N , Miller Jamie L , Neely Stephen , Dennis Vincent C , Johnson Peter N
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy (OUCOP) implemented an individualized residency research committee and skill development program to facilitate completion and publication of research projects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes the program had on project publication rates and subsequent publications after graduation for postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) and postgraduate year 2 (PGY2) residents.

Methods

This study included OUCOP PGY1 and PGY2 residents from classes graduating from 2011 through 2019. Literature searches for all resident projects and subsequent publications were performed. Data collection included residency type (PGY1 vs PGY2), initial position after residency, and project type. The primary objective was to identify the publication rate of research projects. Secondary objectives included a comparison of the number of publications after residency graduation between residents who did and did not publish their residency project and analysis of factors associated with subsequent publications. Zero-inflated Poisson regression was utilized to analyze subsequent publication status controlling for other factors. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS/STAT with an a priori P value of <0.05.

Results

Eighty-two projects were completed by 73 residents. Forty-three of 82 projects were published (52.4%) by 39 of 73 residents (52.1%). After residency graduation, 54 residents (74.0%) had a subsequent publication. Factors associated with subsequent publications were initial position in an academic role and completion of additional training after residency.

Conclusion

After implementation of the program, the majority of residents published their projects and had subsequent publications. Future efforts should be taken to identify opportunities to foster independence in research and scholarship for residents.
Omnibus and robust deconvolution scheme for bulk RNA sequencing data integrating multiple single-cell reference sets and prior biological knowledge
Authors: Chen Chixiang , Leung Yuk Yee , Ionita Matei , Wang Li-San , Li Mingyao
Published: August 2022

Motivation

Cell-type deconvolution of bulk tissue RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data is an important step toward understanding the variations in cell-type composition among disease conditions. Owing to recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and the availability of large amounts of bulk RNA-seq data in disease-relevant tissues, various deconvolution methods have been developed. However, the performance of existing methods heavily relies on the quality of information provided by external data sources, such as the selection of scRNA-seq data as a reference and prior biological information.

Results

We present the Integrated and Robust Deconvolution (InteRD) algorithm to infer cell-type proportions from target bulk RNA-seq data. Owing to the innovative use of penalized regression with a new evaluation criterion for deconvolution, InteRD has three primary advantages. First, it is able to effectively integrate deconvolution results from multiple scRNA-seq datasets. Second, InteRD calibrates estimates from reference-based deconvolution by taking into account extra biological information as priors. Third, the proposed algorithm is robust to inaccurate external information imposed in the deconvolution system. Extensive numerical evaluations and real-data applications demonstrate that InteRD yields more accurate and robust cell-type proportion estimates that agree well with known biology.

Availability and implementation

The proposed InteRD framework is implemented in R and the package is available at https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/InteRD/index.html.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Beacon v2 Reference Implementation: a toolkit to enable federated sharing of genomic and phenotypic data
Authors: Rueda Manuel , Ariosa Roberto , Moldes Mauricio , Rambla Jordi
Published: August 2022

Beacon v2 is an API specification established by the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health initiative (GA4GH) that defines a standard for federated discovery of genomic and phenotypic data. Here, we present the Beacon v2 Reference Implementation (B2RI), a set of open-source software tools that allow lighting up a local Beacon instance ‘out-of-the-box’. Along with the software, we have created detailed ‘Read the Docs’ documentation that includes information on deployment and installation.

Availability and implementation

The B2RI is released under GNU General Public License v3.0 and Apache License v2.0. Documentation and source code is available at: https://b2ri-documentation.readthedocs.io.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.