bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
{1,3-Bis(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-ylidene}chloro(η4-cycloocta-1,5-diene)rhodium(I)
Authors: Arslan Hakan , VanDerveer Don , Özdemir İsmail , Demir Serpil , Çetinkaya Bekir
Published: March 2007

In the title complex, [RhCl(C8H12)(C24H32N2O6)], the Rh atom is coordinated by a Cl atom, one C atom of the tetrahydropyrimidine ring and the two double bonds of cyclooctadiene. Each of the tetrahydropyrimidine and cyclooctadiene rings is puckered.
1,4-Bis(1-naphthylmethyl)piperazine
Authors: Kubo Kanji , Yamamoto Emi , Hayakawa Akinori , Sakurai Tadamitsu , Mori Akira
Published: March 2007

The molecule of the title compound, C26H26N2, sits on a center of symmetry such that the two naphthalene ring systems are in an anti conformation with respect to one another across the piperazine ring. An intermolecular π–π interaction between the naphthalene ring systems is observed.
μ-1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-κ2
N:N′-bis[bis(O,O′-dicyclohexyl dithiophosphato-κ2
S,S′)cadmium(II)]
Authors: Ellis Carol A. , Ng Seik Weng , Tiekink Edward R. T. , Wardell James L.
Published: March 2007

The dinuclear title molecule, [Cd2(C12H22O2PS2)4(C6H12N2)], is disordered and located on a centre of inversion, and features a coordination geometry intermediate between square-pyramidal and trigonal-bipyramidal.
Tris(dimethylammonium) hydrogen α-dodecamolybdosilicate
Authors: Ku Zong-Jun , Zhang Zhong-Hai , Zhang Ke-Li
Published: March 2007

The title compound, (C2H8N)3[HSiMo12O40], has an α-Keggin heteropolyoxo anion with a central SiO4 tetrahedron and three dimethylammonium cations. The asymmetric unit contains one Si atom and one O with site symmetry \overline{3}m, two Mo atoms, seven O atoms, two C atoms and one N atom with site symmetry m, and one Mo and three O atoms in general positions. These cations and anions are linked via N—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming a layer structure.
Methyl 4-(bromomethyl)benzoate
Authors: Yathirajan H. S. , Bindya S. , Sarojini B. K. , Narayana B. , Bolte Michael
Published: March 2007

The ester group of the title compound, C9H9BrO2, is only slightly twisted out of the plane of the central aromatic ring. Geometric parameters are in the usual ranges.
Redetermination of rhodanine at 173 K
Authors: Ng Seik Weng
Published: March 2007

The crystal structure of the title compound, C3H3NOS2, has been redetermined at 173 K. The geometric parameters show a significant improvement in precision from the orginal determination [Van der Helm, Lessor & Merritt (1962). Acta Cryst. 15, 1227–1232], where the data were measured using photographic film. In the crystal structure, molecules form planar N—H...S hydrogen-bonded dimers.
(1aR,2aS,5aS,5bS)-Perhydro-4H-oxireno[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-b]furan-4-one
Authors: Peifer Christian , Tschertsche Melanie , Schollmeyer Dieter , Laufer Stefan
Published: March 2007

The structure of the title compound, C7H8O3, was determined in the course of our studies of the synthesis of cyclopenta[1,2-b]furan-4-one derivatives. The molecule has four chiral C atoms. The X-ray crystal structure analysis shows the compound to possess an epoxide group with an endo orientation with respect to the lactone group.
Bis(benzylammonium) sulfate
Authors: Amini Mostafa M. , Nasiri Samira , Ng Seik Weng
Published: March 2007

The cations and anions of the title compound, 2C7H10N+·SO4
2−, are linked into a layer by N—H...O hydrogen bonds.
catena-Poly[[bis(O,O′-diethyl dithiophosphato-κ2
S,S′)zinc(II)]-μ-1,2-di-4-pyridylethane-κ2
N:N′]
Authors: Tiekink Edward R. T. , Wardell James L. , Welte William B.
Published: March 2007

In the zigzag polymeric title compound, [Zn(S2P(OEt)2)2(NC5H4CH)2CH2C5H4N)]
n
or [Zn(C4H10O2PS2)2(C12H12N2)]
n
, the Zn atom adopts a distorted tetrahedral ZnN2S2 geometry; the bridging di-4-pyridylethane molecules are each disposed about a centre of inversion.
3,4-Diiodo-2,5-dimethylthiophene
Authors: Cseh Liliana , Mehl Georg H. , Clark Stephen , Archibald Stephen J.
Published: March 2007

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C6H6I2S, the molecules pack to form one-dimensional chains connected by intermolecular S...I interactions.
catena-Poly[[dichloridodimethyltin(IV)]-μ-5-methylpyrazine-2-carboxylato-κ3
O:O′,N-[dimethyltin(IV)]]-μ-5-methylpyrazine-2-carboxylato-κ3
O,N:O′]
Authors: Li Jun-Ying , Li Tian-Duo
Published: March 2007

The title compound, [Sn2Cl2(CH3)4(C6H5N2O2)2], forms infinite one-dimensional zigzag chains that propagate in a helical fashion along the c axis via an Sn—O=C—O—Sn—O bridge which involves the carboxylate groups of two methylpyrazinecarboxylate ligands. These display both chelating and bridging coordination behaviour. The asymmetric unit contains two Sn atoms; one adopts a distorted trigonal–bipyramidal geometry, while the other is in a distorted pentagonal–bipyramidal configuration.
Ethyl (E)-4-(2-acetylphenoxy)but-2-enoate
Authors: Williamson Craig , Storey John M. D. , Harrison William T. A.
Published: March 2007

The crystal packing in the title compound, C14H16O4, is controlled by van der Waals interactions.
(+)-Santonide, a sesquiterpenoid enol lactone derived from Artemisia
Authors: Zinczuk Juan , Ruveda Edmundo A. , Thompson Hugh W. , Lalancette Roger A.
Published: March 2007

The title compound, (1R,3aS,6aS,9S)-(+)-α,3a,7-trimethyl-5-oxo-1,4-ethanoperhydropentalene-1,8-carbolactone, C15H18O3, is the enol lactone of (−)-isosantonic acid, and a diastereomer of (+)-parasantonide. It is a skeletally rigid tetracyclic sesquiterpene derived from (−)-α-santonin, an anthelminthic obtained from various species of Artemisia. Molecules are linked by C—H...O close intermolecular contacts.
Methyl 1′-(2-hydroxy-1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indan-2-yl)-2-oxo-5′,6′,7′,7a′-tetrahydrospiro[1H-indole-3,3′(2H,2′H)-1′H-pyrrolizine]-1′-carboxylate
Authors: Kumar B. K. Satis , Gayathri D. , Velmurugan D. , Ravikumar K. , Ramesh E.
Published: March 2007

The two pyrrolidine rings in the title compound, C25H22N2O6, adopt envelope conformations. Molecules are stabilized by intramolecular O—H...O hydrogen bonds, and linked into centrosymmetric dimers by intermolecular N—H...O hydrogen bonds.
Dibutylbis(3,5-dinitrobenzoato-κO)tin(IV) toluene solvate
Authors: Win Yip Foo , Teoh Siang-Guan , Ibrahim Pazilah , Ng Shea-Lin , Fun Hoong-Kun
Published: March 2007

In the title compound, [Sn(C4H9)2(C7H3N2O6)2]·C7H8, the SnIV atom is in a distorted tetrahedral environment. The nitro groups are twisted slightly away from the planes of the attached benzene rings. The molecules are linked by intermolecular C—H...O interactions and short O...N contacts, forming sheet-like structures paralled to the ab plane, and are cross-linked by π–π interactions.
2-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-phenyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
Authors: Doreswamy S. , Jayalakshmi K. , Sridhar M. A. , Rangappa K. S. , Shashidhara Prasad J.
Published: March 2007

In the title compound, C15H12ClNOS, the thiazolidine ring adopts a twist conformation, with the S and adjacent C (bearing chlorophenyl) atom deviating by −0.140 (1) and 0.158 (2) Å, respectively, from the plane through the other three ring atoms.
Dysprosium hydrogendiphosphate trihydrate: synthesis and non-merohedral twinning
Authors: Essehli Rachid , El Bali Brahim , Dusek Michal , Fejfarova Karla , Lachkar Mohammed
Published: March 2007

The title compound, Dy(HP2O7)·3H2O, is isostructural with other members of the triclinic Ln(HP2O7)·3H2O (Ln = rare earth) family.
N-(2-Pyridylcarbonyl)benzamide
Authors: Gasser Gilles , Stoeckli-Evans Helen
Published: March 2007

The title compound, C13H10N2O2, has a Z,Z (trans–trans) arrangement of the central CONHCO group and an intramolecular N—H...N hydrogen bond. The molecule has a twisted conformation; the pyridine ring, which is almost parallel to the plane of the amide function at position 2, is inclined to the phenyl ring by 50.05 (6)°. In the crystal structure, symmetry-related molecules are linked by C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming a zigzag polymer chain extending in the a-axis direction. The chains are linked by a C—H...π interaction involving phenyl rings of adjacent chains. There is also a π–π interaction involving pyridine rings related by a center of symmetry.
Disodium bis(2-aminopyridinium) hexahydrogen hexamolybdonickelate(II) dihydrate
Authors: Liu Hong , Xu Lin
Published: March 2007

The title compound, disodium bis(2-aminopyridinium) hexa-μ3-hydroxidohexa-μ2-oxidododecaoxidohexamolybdonickel;ate(II) dihydrate, Na2(C5H7N2)2[H6NiMo6O24]·2H2O, features β-type Anderson heteropolyoxometalate anions (Ni site symmetry \overline{1}). These anions are connected to 2-aminopyridinium cations and water molecules via N—H...O and O—H...O hydrogen bonds to form a three-dimensional network.
2-Methylpiperazinium bis(dihydrogenarsenate)
Authors: Wilkinson Hazel S. , Harrison William T. A.
Published: March 2007

The title compound, C5H14N2
2+·2H2AsO4
−, contains a network of centrosymmetric doubly protonated 2-methylpiperazinium cations, showing disorder of the methyl group, accompanied by dihydogenarsenate anions. The component species interact by way of cation-to-anion N—H...O and anion-to-anion O—H...O hydrogen bonds, the latter leading to infinite sheets of the H2AsO4
− anions containing R
6
6(24) supramolecular loops.
(1S,3R,6S,7R)-3,7-Dichloro-trans-himachalane
Authors: Ourhriss Najia , Mazoir Noureddine , Daran Jean-Claude , Berraho Moha , Benharref Ahmed
Published: March 2007

The molecule of the title compound, C15H26Cl2, is built up from two fused six-membered and seven-membered rings. The six-membered ring has a perfect chair conformation, whereas the seven-membered ring displays a twist-chair conformation. A weak C—H...Cl hydrogen-bonding interaction links the molecule into a chain parallel to the a axis.
Quinoxalinium 2,6-dihydroxybenzoate
Authors: Czapik Agnieszka , Gdaniec Maria
Published: March 2007

In the title salt, C8H7N2
+·C7H5O4
−, one of the quinoxaline N atoms is protonated. The cation and anion are nearly coplanar and are connected into a cyclic R
2
2(7) motif generated by N—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds. The hydrogen-bonded ionic pairs are arranged into double stacks, in which quinoxalinium and 2,6-dihydroxybenzoate ions alternate.
An exploratory study of Chinese older people's perceptions of privacy in residential care homes
Authors: Low Lisa Pau Le , Lee Diana Tze Fan , Chan Anna Wing Yin
Published: March 2007

Aim.  This paper reports a study to examine Chinese older people's perceptions of privacy in residential care homes.

Background.  With increasing numbers of older people moving into residential care homes in Hong Kong, the emphasis on providing high quality of care is paramount. Yet, studies have identified the poor quality of psychosocial care provided in these homes, particularly the lack of attention given to promoting a sense of privacy. While privacy is a fundamental principle of gerontological care, little is known older people's perceptions of privacy in residential care practices. This lack of understanding makes it difficult to know how to provide appropriate care to this population.

Method.  A descriptive qualitative study was conducted in 2005 with a purposive sample of 20 informants from four residential care homes in Hong Kong. In‐depth interviews were used to collect the data, which were analysed using content analysis.

Results.  Most informants perceived that privacy was unnecessary and not a pre‐requisite in residential living. They had seemingly accepted the expectations of home life, with its emphasis on unity, harmony and meeting the collective needs of the majority rather than focusing on their individual needs. Informants also described the enjoyment of communal living and ‘living together’. While at first privacy was perceived as not necessary, further prompting identified that informants used own efforts to support their privacy. There were also day‐to‐day circumstances/activities in homes where privacy was violated.

Conclusion.  The emphasis in Chinese culture on the importance of maintaining balance and harmony inevitably shaped participants’ perceptions of what privacy meant to them. The findings will inform the development of culturally‐sensitive care practices to support Chinese older people's privacy in residential care settings.
Postoperative education and pain in patients with inguinal hernia
Authors: Glindvad Jens , Jorgensen Merete
Published: March 2007

Aim. This paper reports a study to investigate whether education can reduce postoperative pain in patients operated on for inguinal hernia.

Background. Operation for inguinal hernia is a frequent, elective procedure. Studies indicate that 20% of patients operated on for this condition still have moderate to severe pain on the sixth postoperative day. They also show a connection between postoperative pain and time to return to work, inconvenience relating to recreation and work and development of chronic pain.

Method. The design was a randomized, clinically controlled, single‐blinded study, carried out in 2002–2003. The intervention group received education on discharge from hospital, followed by a telephone interview on the second postoperative day. The control group was given the usual routine information. In a questionnaire, patients ranked their pain on a 100‐mm Visual Analogue Scale on the first, third and seventh postoperative days.

Results. The study included 234 consecutive patients. The baseline characteristics for the intervention and the control group were identical. Pain was analysed as the difference in Visual Analogue Scale scores immediately preoperatively and on the chosen days postoperatively. No difference was found for pain while resting, pain when moving on the first and third postoperative day and time to return to work. Statistically, there was a significant difference (P = 0·028) between the groups for pain when moving on the seventh postoperative day. The estimated mean difference was 7 mm (95% confidence interval 0·7–13·1 mm).

Conclusions. In patients operated on for inguinal hernia, postoperative education and a telephone interview have no effect on postoperative pain while resting and time to return to work. The effect on pain while moving was slight. There is no reason to change standard practice.
RT‐PCR amplification and sequence analysis of extra small virus associated with white tail disease of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) cultured in Taiwan
Authors: Wang C S , Chang J S , Shih H H , Chen S N
Published: March 2007

Post‐larvae of Macrobrachium rosenbergii infected with white tail disease (WTD) have been reported in Taiwan. The causative agents have been identified as M. rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) associated with extra small virus (XSV). The present study is the first report confirming the presence of XSV virus in M. rosenbergii displaying WTD symptoms in Taiwan by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). A 772 bp amplified product was obtained by RT‐PCR, cloned and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence analysis of the 772 bp DNA fragment revealed 98% and 97% identity with XSV isolated from China and India, respectively. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of the XSV partial genome showed strong homology (99% and 97%) with isolates from China and India. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the XSV‐Taiwan isolate was more closely related to the Chinese rather than the Indian isolates. The results demonstrated the presence of XSV virus co‐infection in M. rosenbergii cultured in Taiwan suffering from WTD.
Pharmacokinetics of boldenone and stanozolol and the results of quantification of anabolic and androgenic steroids in race horses and nonrace horses
Authors: SOMA L. R. , UBOH C. E. , GUAN F. , MCDONNELL S. , PACK J.
Published: March 2007

Anabolic steroids (ABS) boldenone (BL; 1.1 mg/kg) and stanozolol (ST; 0.55 mg/kg) were administered i.m. to horses and the plasma samples collected up to 64 days. Anabolic steroids and androgenic steroids (ANS) in plasma were quantified using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). The limit of detection of all analytes was 25 pg/mL. The median absorption (t1/2∂) and elimination (t1/2e) half‐lives for BL were 8.5 h and 123.0 h, respectively, and the area under the plasma concentration–time curve () was 274.8 ng·h/mL. The mediant1/2efor ST was 82.1 h and thewas 700.1 ng·h/mL. Peak mean () plasma concentrations (Cmax) for BL and ST were 1127.8 and 4118.2 pg/mL, respectively. Quantifiable concentrations of ABS and ANS were found in 61.7% of the 988 plasma samples tested from race tracks. In 17.3% of the plasma samples two or more ABS or ANS were quantifiable. Testosterone (TES) concentrations mean () in racing and nonracing intact males were 241.3 ± 61.3 and 490.4 ± 35.1 pg/mL, respectively. TES was not quantified in nonracing geldings and female horses, but was in racing females and geldings. Plasma concentrations of endogenous 19‐nortestosterone (nandrolone; NA) from racing and nonracing males were 50.2 ± 5.5 and 71.8 ± 4.6 pg/mL, respectively.
Bioavailability of a silybin–phosphatidylcholine complex in dogs
Authors: FILBURN C. R. , KETTENACKER R. , GRIFFIN D. W.
Published: March 2007

Liver dysfunction often is associated with an imbalance in the production and removal of free radicals derived from oxygen and nitrogen and has been managed clinically with antioxidant supplements, including silymarin extract derived from milk thistle. The potential for enhanced bioavailability of a phytosome complex containing phosphatidylcholine and silybin, the primary active flavonolignan in silymarin extract, was tested in dogs. A group of eight beagles (four males, four females) were dosed orally with a silybin–phosphatidylcholine complex (SPC) and a commercially available standardized silymarin extract containing equivalent levels of silybin. Dosing with the SPC resulted in Cmax, Tmax, and AUC0−24h values (mean ± SD) for total silybin of 1310 ± 880 ng/mL, 2.87 ± 2.23 h, and 11 200 ± 6520 ng·h/mL, respectively; corresponding values for a standardized silymarin extract were 472 ± 383 ng/mL, 4.75 ± 2.82 h, and 3720 ± 4970 ng·h/mL. A second, separate group of beagles were also dosed with the extract alone, yielding values of 449 ± 402 ng/mL, 6.87 ± 7.43 h, and 2520 ± 2976 ng·h/mL. These data show that a phytosome complex of phosphatidylcholine and silybin markedly enhances bioavailability in dogs.
Photometric follow-up of the transiting planet WASP-1b
Authors: Shporer A. , Tamuz O. , Zucker S. , Mazeh T.
Published: March 2007

We report on photometric follow-up of the recently discovered transiting planet WASP-1b. We observed two transits with the Wise Observatory 1-m telescope, and used a variant of the Eclipsing Binary Orbit Program (ebop) code together with the Sys-Rem detrending approach to fit the light curve. Assuming a stellar mass of 1.15 M⊙, we derived a planetary radius of Rp= 1.40 ± 0.06RJ and mass of Mp= 0.87 ± 0.07MJ. An uncertainty of 15 per cent in the stellar mass results in an additional systematic uncertainty of 5 per cent in the planetary radius and of 10 per cent in planetary mass. Our observations yielded a slightly better ephemeris for the centre of the transit: Tc [HJD]= (245 4013.3127 ± 0.0004) +Ntr(2.51996 ± 0.00002). The new planet is an inflated, low-density planet, similar to HAT-P-1b and HD 209458b.
Erlotinib (OSI‐774)‐induced inhibition of transitional cell carcinoma of bladder cell line growth is enhanced by interferon‐α
Authors: Yang Jia‐Lin , Qu Xian‐Jun , Hayes Vanessa M. , Brenner Phillip C. , Russell Pamela J. , Goldstein David
Published: March 2007

OBJECTIVE

To examine whether erlotinib gives similar results to gefitinib, a small molecule epidermal growth factor receptor (HER1/EGFR) tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitor that inhibits the growth of human bladder cancer cell lines in vitro, and given that interferon‐α (IFNα) promotes an antiproliferative effect of HER1/EGFR inhibitors on colon cancer cell lines, to also determine the effects of erlotinib alone or together with INFα on bladder cancer cell lines, and whether sensitivity is influenced by HER1/EGFR mutation status.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Seven bladder cancer cell lines were characterized for HER1/EGFR expression, then treated with erlotinib alone, IFNα alone, or IFNα plus erlotinib. Cell growth inhibition was assessed by crystal‐violet staining and HER1/EGFR expression by flow cytometry. Synergy was evaluated using the combination index of Chou and Talalay. DNA from these cell lines in the linear growth phase and from 14 bladder cancer tissue samples were tested for HER1/EGFRTK mutations.

RESULTS

Cell‐surface HER1/EGFR expression was present in all seven bladder cancer cell lines. Both erlotinib and IFNα independently were significantly antiproliferative, and combined treatment synergistically enhanced the sensitivity in six of the seven cell lines. No bladder cancer cell lines or tissues tested expressed HER1/EGFRTK mutations.

CONCLUSION

Erlotinib inhibits the growth of human bladder cancer cell lines. Enhanced inhibition in the presence of IFNα is not determined by the presence of HER1/EGFRTK mutations. This study might have clinical implications for improving the treatment of bladder cancer.
Histopathological alterations of the vas deferens in rats exposed to polypropylene mesh
Authors: Maciel Luiz Carlos , Glina Sidney , Palma Paulo C.R. , Costa Nascimento F.C. , Netto Nelson R.
Published: March 2007

OBJECTIVE

To assess the histological and physiological effects of polypropylene mesh for inguinal herniorraphy, as it can cause lesions in the vas deferens in 0.3–2.0%, leading to infertility, and induces an inflammatory process and adjacent fibrosis, strengthening the posterior inguinal wall.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In all, 40 male albino rats (3 months old) had bilateral vas deferens dissection followed by mesh implantation on one side; the contralateral side was used as the control. The rats were killed 90 (group 1) and 120 (group 2) days later, and the vas deferens, epididymides and testicles assessed histopathologically.

RESULTS

There was a foreign‐body reaction after mesh implantation, but not in the controls. The mean lumen dilatation in regions proximal to the mesh in groups 1 and 2 was 0.468 and 0.371 mm2, respectively, and all the sections had spermatozoids. The mean dilatation in control groups 1 and 2 was 0.239 and 0.170 mm2, respectively, with spermatozoids present in 58% and 75%, respectively (significant, P < 0.05). In group 1 the wall thickness of mesh‐implanted segments reduced to 0.177 mm, and in segments proximal to the mesh to 0.099 mm; the control segment was 0.298 mm (P < 0.05). In group 2 the mean thickness of mesh‐implanted and proximal segments was 0.134 and 0.224 mm, respectively, while in the control it was 0.284 mm (not significant). There was loss of mucosal folding in all segments proximal to the mesh but not in the control. The epididymides and testicles were unchanged.

CONCLUSION

Polypropylene mesh induces a foreign‐body reaction, with histological changes in the vas deferens that cause functional obstruction, with dilatation and spermatozoid repression.
Chomsky's Syntactic Structures fifty years on
Authors: Cook Vivian
Published: March 2007

One of the innovations that we have recently introduced in our reviews section is to include reviews of books that were published some time ago. The aim of the ‘classics’ reviews is to indicate how far these older works are still relevant to current thinking, how far we have or have not moved on, and generally to serve as an occasion for a critical reappraisal. The intention is to publish these reviews on a significant anniversary of the original publication.
A History of Disasters: Spanish Colonialism in the Age of Empire
Authors: Schmidt‐Nowara Christopher
Published: March 2007

Historians have long relegated colonialism to the margins of modern Spanish history. Spain lost the majority of its overseas empire in the Spanish American revolutions of the early nineteenth century. It was a late, reluctant, and small‐scale participant in the partition of Africa. Recent scholarship, however, is bringing colonialism back to the center of Spain's nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This article examines these findings and considers their consequences for narratives of Spanish marginality and modernity. Special attention is given to two recent works: John Tone'sWar and Genocide in Cubaand Sebastian Balfour'sDeadly Embrace.
Sustained Right Ventricular Tachycardia Originating Close to Defibrillator Lead Tip in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: CASELLA MICHELA , RUSSO ANTONIO DELLO , PELARGONIO GEMMA , TONDO CLAUDIO
Published: March 2007

Right Ventricular Tachycardia in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. The case of a 57‐year‐old woman with a longstanding history of obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in dilatative phase and incessant monomorphic ventricular tachycardia is reported. Endocardial recordings and electroanatomic mapping suggested local reentry involving right ventricular apical septum, close to a pacing/defibrillation lead tip. Radiofrequency pulses delivered at this site resulted in definite cure of the arrhythmia. It is possible that fibrotic reaction around pacing/defibrillation lead in a diseased myocardium substrate has contributed to the creation of a reentry circuit.
Effects of color images on stress reduction: Using images as mood stimulants
Authors: SAITO Yumi , TADA Harue
Published: March 2007

Aim:  The aim of this study was to determine whether color images can be used as mood stimulants.

Methods:  Color photographs of natural scenery were shown to an experimental group (n = 10), while the same images in black and white were shown to a control group (n = 10). The test subjects were healthy, adult volunteers who were exposed to psychosomatic stress in mental work rather than physical labor. To determine the effects of the color images, the levels of salivary chromogranin A (CgA) and salivary cortisol were measured as biochemical parameters, and the mood adjective score was examined as an emotional parameter before and after showing the subjects the images. The data obtained were statistically compared.

Results:  In the experimental group, the salivary CgA level decreased significantly after viewing the color images. In the control group, the salivary cortisol level increased significantly after viewing the black and white images. The changes in the salivary CgA and salivary cortisol values in the experimental group were significantly different from the corresponding changes in the control group. In the experimental group, after viewing the color images, the negative mean mood score decreased, and four subjects were shown to have had their mood changed to a more parasympathetically dominant state, as assessed by alterations in three or more of four stress parameters (CgA, cortisol, Multiple Mood Scale negative and positive factors).

Conclusion:  Color images might potentially change the mood of a viewer to a more parasympathetically dominant state.
A hypervelocity star from the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Gualandris Alessia , Portegies Zwart Simon
Published: March 2007

We study the acceleration of the star HE 0437−5439 to hypervelocity and discuss its possible origin in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). The star has a radial velocity of 723 km s−1 and is located at a distance of 61 kpc from the Sun. With a mass of about 8 M⊙, the traveltime from the Galactic Centre is about 100 Myr, much longer than its main-sequence lifetime. Given the relatively small distance to the LMC (18 kpc), we consider it likely that HE 0437−5439 originated in the Cloud rather than in the Galactic Centre like the other hypervelocity stars. The minimum ejection velocity required to travel from the LMC to its current location within its lifetime is about 500 km s−1. Such a high velocity can only be obtained in a dynamical encounter with a massive black hole. We perform three-body scattering simulations in which a stellar binary encounters a massive black hole, and find that a black hole more massive than 103 M⊙ is necessary to explain the high velocity of HE 0437−5439. We look for possible parent clusters for HE 0437−5439, and find that NGC 2100 and 2004 are young enough to host stars coeval to HE 0437−5439 and dense enough to produce an intermediate-mass black hole able to eject an 8-M⊙ star with hypervelocity.
Probing clumpy pasts of galaxies from asymptotic giant branch stars
Authors: Bekki Kenji , Cioni M.-R. L.
Published: March 2007

Recent morphological studies of galaxies by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) have revealed that actively star-forming galaxies at intermediate and high redshifts (z= 0.5–2.0) have very clumpy and irregular distributions of stars. It is however unclear whether and how these clumpy galaxies evolve into the present spiral and elliptical galaxies with regular shapes. We here propose that spatial distributions of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, probing the different mean age and metallicity of the underlying stellar population, can provide vital clues to the evolution of these clumpy galaxies, in particular, those at intermediate redshifts. In order to demonstrate this proposal to be quite promising, we show the results of test-particle simulations on the long-term dynamical evolution of unbound groups of AGB stars (‘stellar clumps’), which correspond to the successors of star-forming clumps at intermediate redshifts, in isolated and interacting galaxies. We particularly show that azimuthal distributions of AGB stars dispersed from stellar clumps as a result of gravitational interaction with their host galaxies can still be inhomogeneous several Gyr after stellar clump formation for some models. We also show that the inhomogeneities in the azimuthal distributions of dispersed AGB stars can disappear more quickly in stellar clumps with larger sizes and higher velocity dispersions. These results suggest that if apparently clumpy structures of galaxies at intermediate redshifts are due to stars in unbound or weakly bound clusters, spatial distributions of AGB stars can have fossil records on past clumpy structures of galaxies. As an example, we compare the latest observations on the spatial distributions of AGB stars in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC and SMC, respectively) with the corresponding simulations, and thereby discuss whether the LMC and the SMC had massive star-forming clumps in their outer discs a few to several Gyr ago.
Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Fractured, Unsaturated Dolomite at a Field Site
Authors: McLinn Eugene L. , Rehm Bernd W.
Published: March 2007

Gasoline constituents were detected in unsaturated soil and rock during abandonment of a leaky underground storage tank (UST). The unsaturated sequence beneath the former UST consists of 90 feet of silty till, fractured dolomite, and friable sand‐stone. Pore gas probes were installed in each of the unsaturated units, both in the source area and in a background on‐site location. Pore gas samples were collected to evaluate the nature, extent, and fate of residual hydrocarbons in the vadose zone. Pore gas from the till and dolomite in the source area was enriched in petroleum hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide, and was depleted in oxygen, relative to pore gas from the background area. During two years of ground water monitoring at the site, methyl tertiary butyl ether was periodically detected in the ground water beneath the source area as pulses of recharge passed through the unsaturated zone, but no other gasoline constituents were detected. Apparently, the most degradable fraction of the gasoline (aromatic hydrocarbons) is being attenuated in the vadose zone before the water table is reached.
Remediating Ground Water with Zero‐Valent Metals: Chemical Considerations in Barrier Design
Authors: Tratnyek Paul G. , Johnson Timothy L. , Scherer Michelle M. , Eykholt Gerald R.
Published: March 2007

To gain perspective and insight into the performance of permeable reactive barriers containing granular iron metal, it is useful to compare the degradation kinetics of individual chlorinated solvents over a range of operating conditions. Pseudo first‐order disappearance rate constants normalized to iron surface area concentration (kSA) recently have been reported for this purpose. This paper presents the results of further exploratory data analysis showing the extent to which variation in kSA is due to initial halocarbon concentration, iron type, and other factors. To aid in preliminary design calculations, representative values of kSA and a reactive transport model have been used to calculate the minimum barrier width needed for different ground water flow velocities and degrees of halocarbon conversion. Complete dechlorination of all degradation intermediates requires a wider treatment zone, but the effect is not simply additive because degradation occurs by sequential and parallel reaction pathways.
Sampling Trace‐Level Organic Solutes with Polymeric Tubing Part I. Static Studies
Authors: Parker Louise V. , Ranney Thomas A.
Published: March 2007

Twenty polymeric tubings were filled with a test solution containing eight organic solutes. The test solutions were monitored for losses, indicating that sorption had occurred, and for signs that leaching of organic constituents had occurred. The tubings tested included seven flexible products and eight fluoropolymers. Among the rigid tubings tested, three fluoropolymers (fluorinated ethylene propylene [FEP], FEP‐lined polyethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride) were the least sorptive tubings. However, even these tubings readily sorbed some of the analytes. Among the flexible tubings tested, a fluoroelastomer tubing and a tubing made of a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene were the least sorptive.

Several of the tubings tested leached constituents into the test solution. The polyurethane, polyamide, flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyester‐lined PVC, and silicone‐modified thermoplastic elastomer tubings were found to leach the most constituents. We were unable to detect any constituents leaching from the polyethylene tubings, the rigid fluoropolymer tubings, and one of the plasticized polypropylene tubings.
Geophysical Discovery of a New LNAPL Plume at the Former Wurtsmith AFB, Oscoda, Michigan
Authors: Bermejo Jose L. , Sauck William A. , Atekwana Estella A.
Published: March 2007

Alight nonaqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) ground water contaminant plume has been discovered by purely geophysical means at the former Wurtsmith Air Force Base (AFB) near Oscoda, Michigan. It is located near another plume called FT‐02, which is a well‐studied area undergoing natural bioremediation. The plume was discovered by ground penetrating radar (GPR) profiling while extending a long line from FT‐02 to establish background variability around that plume. The new plume was apparent because of a high‐conductivity “shadow’ or GPR reflection attenuation observed below the conductive zone at the top of the aquifer, identical to the pattern observed at the FT‐02 plume. Further GPR surveys were conducted by students of a Western Michigan University geophysics field course to outline the proximal part of the plume. The GPR survey was supplemented by an electromagnetic induction (EM) survey which showed a group of four cables crossing the area. Finally, a magnetometer survey was conducted to search for any buried steel objects which might have been missed by the EM survey. The results of the three geophysical surveys were then used by students of a University of Michigan field course to guide subsurface soil and fluid sampling, which verified the presence of residual LNAPL product and ground water with conductivities 2.5 to 3.3 times above background. The plume source is in the vicinity of a vaulted underground storage tank (UST) formerly used for the collection of waste solvents and fuels for subsequent use in the fire training exercises at FT‐02. This newly discovered LNAPL plume, along with other “mature’ plumes, fits the electrical model which predicts conductive ground water below the decomposing but electrically resistive LNAPLs. Finally, this is a fine example of the cooperative use of a dedicated research site for training by students of two different universities.
Equilibration Times of Gas‐Filled Diffusion Samplers in Slow‐Moving Ground Water Systems
Authors: Harrington G.A. , Cook EG. , Robinson N.I.
Published: March 2007

The installation of gas‐filled diffusion samplers into small‐diameter boreholes results in a significant reduction of the dissolved gas concentration around the sampler. In aquifers where the diffusive flux of solutes outpaces advective transport, the process that governs the equilibration time of a sampler is the resupply of solutes by diffusion from the aquifer. We have derived a solution that can be used to estimate the time required for a diffusion sampler to reach equilibrium with the dissolved gas concentration in the aquifer, where diffusion is the only solute transport mechanism. Thus the solutions provide equilibration times for cells placed in aquifers where diffusion dominates and maximum equilibration times for cells placed in aquifers where advection can also resupply solutes. The solutions are generic and are functions of nondimensionalized variables, therefore providing estimates of equilibration times for any type of solute, sampler volume, bore dimensions, and aquifer porosity. Examples are given for various sized gas‐filled helium samplers placed in boreholes of different radii.
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: Udaka Motosuke , Baba Keinosuke , Katano Hikoji , Yamanouchi Kazuo , Muratake Seiichi , Mushaköji Kinhide , Itö Yukinori
Published: March 2007

Book Reviews in This Article:

Alexander Gerschenkron, Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective, A Book of Essays

Frank H. Goley, The Philippines: Public Policy and National Economic Development

P. C. Mahalanobis, The Approach of Operational Research to Planning in India.

Hsü Ti‐hsin, Chungkuo Kuotu Shihch'i Kuomin Chingchi ti Fenshi, 1949–1957.

Paul Bohannan & George Dalton eds., Markets in Africa

Stephen H. Roberts, The History of French Colonial Policy 1870–1925.

Yoichi Itagaki, Ajia no Minzoku‐shugi to Keizai Hatten—Tönan Ajia Kindaika no Kiten.
THE PROBLEM OF INTERNATIONAL LIQUIDITY FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, ESPECIALLY INDIA
Authors: Kumar Rajendra
Published: March 2007

International liqidity may, for purposes of analysis, be classified as (a) Primary, (b) Subsidiary, and (c) Ad hoc. In estimating the total quantum of international liquidity particularly from the viewpoint of dveloping countries, we exclude ad hoc liquidity. The major supply of international liquidity is concentrated in the hands of industrial countries; while the major demand for international liquidity arises from developing countries which fall under Article XIV of the I.M.F. The problem of international liquidity, therefore, exists essentially for the developing countries only. This paper suggests policy guidelines to get over the problem.
MAX WEBER'S VIEW OF ASIAN SOCIETY —with Special Reference to His Theory of the Traditional Community—
Authors: ǑTSUKA HISAO
Published: March 2007

Historical and sociological studies in Asian societies occupy a fairly large part in the voluminous achievements of Max Weber. In this article his understanding of Asian societies is analysed from a definite point of view. The author focuses his attention on Max Weber's theory of traditional communities, and develops the general theory of the historio‐social pre‐conditions of the break‐up of the traditional communities as basic components of the Asian social structure.
WITTFOGEL'S THEORY OF ORIENTAL SOCIETY (or HYDRAULIC SOCIETY) AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF STUDIES OF CHINESE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC HISTORY IN JAPAN
Authors: MASUBUCHI TATSUO
Published: March 2007

Wittfogel's theory of Oriental Society has influenced studies of Chinese social and economic history in Japan in many forms, but since the Second World War a critical tendency has predominated. In this article the author has endeavoured to show what Japanese scholars have taken over from Wittfogel, of what points they are critical, and in what ways they are attempting to surmount these, at the same time reviewing developments in studies of Chinese social and economic history in Japan since the Second World War, and in particular studies of the process of the formation of the ancient empire under the Ch ‘in and Han dynasties.
A CURRENT JAPANESE INTERPRETATION OF MAX WEBER
Authors: ISHIDA TAKESHI
Published: March 2007

The author tries to clarify some characteristics in the context of the intellectual history of Japan with regard to how and what aspects of Max Weber's theories have been introduced by Japanese social scientists. Max Weber's influence on Japan is so great that it is impossible to discuss the whole of it. Accordingly, in this article, the author refers only to a few social scientists who are notable from the viewpoint of some important problems, such as “overcoming modernity,’ etc. Some aspects which are peculiar to the interpretation of Weber's theories on Oriental society in Japan are dealt with in relation to the author's interests in the last part of this article.
RECENT AGRARIAN PROBLEMS IN JAPAN
Authors: OGURA TAKEKAZU
Published: March 2007

The present agrarian structure of Japan is characterized by the smallscale farming of individual owner cultivators and concentrated in rice cultivation. This structure has been in harmony with post‐war economic development. However, the rapid economic growth since 1955 has brought about gaps between the agricultural and non‐agricultural sectors in terms of productivity and real income. Therefore, the Agricultural Basic Law was enacted in 1961, and the government has undertaken the selective expansion of agricultural production and the improvement of the agrarian structure. But these measures do not seem to have succeeded in eliminating the gaps. In order to accomplish this, more daring measures are needed, in particular, for enlarging the scale of farming.
THE KOREAN WAR AS AN EPOCH OF CONTEMPORARY HISTORY
Authors: Shinobu Seizaburō
Published: March 2007

The Korean War marks an epoch in the development of modern history after World War II, For Japan in particular the war had a great significance. Not only did the Korean War play a great role in the process which set out from the destruction accompanying Japan's defeat and led up to the present state of economic development, hut the fact that Japan today possesses military forces, after having renounced rearmament under Article 9 of her Constitution, is also due to the occurrence of the Korean War. Establishing the significance of the Korean War provides a key for the evaluation of post‐war Japanese history.
LONG‐TERM CHANGES OF CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES IN JAPAN, 1874–1940
Authors: SHINOHARA MIYOHEI
Published: March 2007

In this paper we attempted to explore the long‐term changes of the level and structure of personal consulnption expenditures in pre‐war Japan, based upon our new estimates of them using the commodity flow and retail valuation methods. Ou, r estimates have not only been checked by the oflicial national income estimates, but also by family budget surveys on farm and workers' households. We believe that these checks will fortify the reliability of our estimates, and that they will provide us with a critical evaluation of the existing official estimates of consumption, thereby Inaking clear the weakness of these otficial estimates.
LONG TERM MOVEMENT OF CAPITAL FORMATION —The Japanese Case, 1868–1940—
Authors: EMI KŌKICHI
Published: March 2007

The high rate of investment sustained by a high rate of saving has accelerated continuously the rapid growth in the Japanese economy since the Meiji period. This paper presents the estimation of annual capital formation by sector‐public and private‐and by type of investment. The estimates have revealed many facts regarding the relation between some specific aspects of economic growth and the rate of capital formation; the different roles of capital formation attained in different sectors; and the relation between precedence and lag observed among the difflerent types of investment.
ON SOCIO‐ECONOMIC STRUCTURE OF IRANIAN VILLAGES — With Special Reference to Deh—
Authors: ŌNO MORIO
Published: March 2007

In Iran the peasant (ra'yat) lives and works in a small village called a deh. His production and living in this village are under the rigid control of the landlord (mālik). From the point of view of the landlord, the deh is primarily a peasant community‐control mechanism; in fact, it is the base of the mālik‐ra'yat land system. This study attempts to place the socioeconomic structure of the deh in theoretical perspective by analysing how the mālik manages to control his land as well as the patterns of social relationship which exist among the peasants.
EXPORT PROMOTION THROUGH BONUS IMPORTS: AN APPRAISAL OF INDIA'S EXPERIMENT
Authors: GULATI I. S.
Published: March 2007

The purpose of writing this paper is first to describe and then to appraise an experiment in the field of export promotion which was recently tried in India. It will be of interest to many, particularly in underdeveloped countries faced with chronic balance of payments deficits under the pressure of their development programmes, to know how this experiment in export promotion worked and what results, if any, it achieved in India.
“SELF‐SUSTAINED NATIONAL ECONOMY” IN MAINLAND CHINA
Authors: KOJIMA REIITSU.
Published: March 2007

The Chinese formula for populist revolution (Maoism) was established at the Tsunyi Conference in 1935, after the defeat of the revolutionary movement which had been led under instructions from the Comintern since 1921. In the socialist construction of society, the period 1949–1957 was modelled on the Soviet pattern, but by 1958 an independent Chinese pattern had to be sought in order to achieve a self‐sustained National Economy. This changing process reveals some important unsolved problems bequeathed to “The Great Cultural Revolution” as main issues.
MAO TSE‐TUNG'S THOUGHT AND THE CHINESE REVOLUTION —With Special Reference to the Main Force of the Revolution—
Authors: NOMURA KŌICHI.
Published: March 2007

Mao Tse‐tung, taking the rural areas as his military base, and relying on the overwhelming majority of the peasantry, and also taking Marxism‐Leninism as his theoretical support, was able to lead the Chinese revolution to success. How was the result possible at all? The key to the success of the Chinese revolution is to be found in the struggle in Chingkangshan, where a proletarian type of man was shaping out of the peasantry through a reconstruction of social consciousness. This type of man went on to form the main force of the Revolution, especially in the form of the Red Army. The interconnexion between Mao Tse‐tung's thought and Marxism‐Leninism, or again, the unique character of Mao Tse‐tung's thought, can be made clear by tracing the above process.
“INTERNATIONAL SOLIDARITY” AND ECONOMIC INEQUALITY
Authors: KAWATA TADASHI.
Published: March 2007

At present, when more than half of the “Development Decade” has passed, the economic development of developing countries is far behind the targets set forth at the beginning of this decadc. The author analyses this problem, particularly from the viewpoint of capital movements, and comes to the conclusion that the existing system of capital movements to developing countries today must be re‐examined; a new world loans or grants system should be established in combination with efforts in the direction of total disarmament.
LONG‐TERM PROJECTIONS FOR CEYLON, 1964–1973
Authors: KAPPAGODA N. M.
Published: March 2007

Part I deals with projections over ten years of exports and imports based on certain assumptions regarding growth in gross domestic product, population, terms of trade movement, etc. Part II considers the possibilities of import substitution in the agricultural sector with a view to bridging the trade gap. Part III analyses the implication of the assumptions made in Parts I and II on the domestic sector of the economy and the sectoral rates have been estimated. The final section deals with the investments required in the different sectors to achieve the growth rates derived in Part III.
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: Tanimoto Keisuke , Yamaguchi Hiroichi , ōta Katsuhiro
Published: March 2007

Book Reviews in This Article:

Kwame Nkrumah, Neo‐colonialism: The Last Stage of Imperialism.

George Rosen, Democracy and Economic Change in India.

Donald M. Lowe, The Function of “China” in Marx, Lenin, and Mao.