bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Promoting Surgical Residents’ Basic Skills via the Design and Implementation of a Simulation Training Tool
Authors: Ruoranen Minna , Antikainen Teuvo , Mattila Anne , Hämäläinen Raija H. , Eteläpelto Anneli
Published: June 2019

Background. Surgical training in authentic work environments needs guidance practices, including simulation training within a competence-based framework. The use of simulators may actually have negative effects on professional learning if there is a lack of competence-based goals, tools, and guidance, integrated with work practices, and applied by trainers.

Intervention. We designed simulation training tools to promote the surgical residents’ abilities to perform competently in basic surgical skills. Our educational and surgical team worked together and (i) specified the goals for the tasks, (ii) specified the skills to be achieved, (iii) and analyzed the learning outcomes. The assumption was that after completing the simulation training, the resident would gain precise basic skills.

Methods. Eight (8) licensed doctors, starting their specialization in surgery or gynecology, participated in the study. In accordance with the training design the residents were asked to self-assess their achieved skills by completing questionnaires, before and after the training period. In addition, the skills achieved were assessed individually by the trainer at the end of the training period. All the assessments were carried out on a scale based on OSATS (Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills) and modified specifically for this study.

Results. The residents and their trainers evaluated the simulation training design as effective, and as beneficial for learning basic surgical skills. However, it proved difficult for the residents to achieve the targets consistently and to assess their own skills. Some fine-tuning is needed to enhance the integration of simulation training tools with practical learning.

Discussion. The simulation training appeared to motivate the trainees. Overall, there is a need for discussion on the implications for competence-based theories and simulation practices.

Limitations. The small number of participants limited the possibilities for statistical analysis. The analyses and results should be seen as merely indicative. Further studies are needed.
“Because I’m a girl”: Troubling shared visions for music education
Authors: Treacy Danielle Shannon
Published: June 2019

In light of recent discussions on the importance of shared visions in teacher education, this inquiry raises necessary questions as to whose visions shape unified and shared visions, and whose remain absent, unspoken, or silenced in the margins. The starting point for this inquiry was a set of visions for music education in Nepal that were co-constructed with over 50 musician-teachers working in the Kathmandu Valley, during a series of 16 workshops guided by Appreciative Inquiry’s 4D cycle. Despite the challenges female musician-teachers encounter in their pursuit of music in Nepal, no reference to these injustices was apparent in the resulting shared visions. This inquiry therefore engages with the nature and possible causes of this lack of reference, leaning on economist and philosopher Amartya Sen’s (2009) idea of justice and social-cultural anthropologist Arjun Appadurai’s (2004) notions of the capacity to aspire and the capacity for voice. The critical (Kuntz, 2015) and reflexive (Alvesson & Sköldberg, 2009) work guiding this inquiry suggests that while the workshops were guided by the aim to be inclusive, the need to come to consensus when co-constructing shared visions both reflected and obscured the injustices experienced by female musician-teachers. The article concludes by offering insights for music teacher education.
The psychosocial impact of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy as a predictor of postpartum depression
Authors: Bray Nicola , Grasby Katrina L , Lind Penelope A , Painter Jodie N , Colodro-Conde Lucía , Medland Sarah E
Published: June 2019

This study examined the extent to which psychosocial impact of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy predicts postpartum depression using a retrospective design. Data from a cross-sectional survey investigating women’s experiences of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy were used ( N = 861). Hierarchical logistic regression models revealed that the psychosocial impact of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy appears to be predictive of postpartum depression, independent of depression status before and during pregnancy. Our findings indicate that assessing the psychosocial impact of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy during antenatal care may identify women at risk of postpartum depression.
A new energy dissipative cable bracing system
Authors: Bagheri Saman , Shishvan Siamak S , Barghian Majid , Baniahmad Behzad
Published: June 2019

A special type of cable bracing system comprising a pre-stressed cable and a drum interacting via frictional contact is proposed for lateral resistance of structures, and an analytical solution for the response of this system is developed. The response of the system is highly non-linear due to the existence of frictional contact as well as geometrical effects and it consists of two phases: a linear phase before gross slipping with a relatively high stiffness followed by a non-linear phase with gradually increasing stiffness (i.e. hardening). However, the analytical solution is capable of capturing the whole response with a remarkable accuracy when compared to the finite element model of the system constructed for cross-validation. This analytical solution facilitates studying the effects of various parameters on the behaviour of the system, namely, the coefficient of friction, pre-strain and geometrical aspect ratio. These parameters can be arbitrarily set to achieve a desirable behaviour of the system. The proposed system is capable of undergoing large deformations with symmetrical and stable hysteretic behaviour. The effectiveness of the proposed device in reducing the seismic responses of a building frame is examined using a simplified numerical model.
Association of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase, Vitamin D Receptor, and Interleukin-16 Gene Polymorphisms With Renal Cell Carcinoma Risk
Authors: Zhou Tianbiao , Li Hongyan , Xie Wei-Ji , Zhong Zhiqing , Zhong Hongzhen , Lin Zhi-Jun
Published: June 2019

In this meta-analysis, we investigated the association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, vitamin D receptor, and interleukin-16 gene polymorphisms with the risk of renal cell carcinoma. We searched the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases up to July 1, 2017, and included 12 eligible case–control studies in our analysis. The vitamin D receptor ApaI A allele, ApaI AA and aa genotypes, BsmI B allele, and Fok1 FF genotype were all associated with the risk of renal cell carcinoma in Asian populations. However, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (rs1801133 and rs1801131), vitamin D receptor (TaqI and Fok1), and interleukin-16 (rs4778889 and rs11556218) gene polymorphisms were not associated with the risk of renal cell carcinoma. Our study indicates that the vitamin D receptor ApaI A allele, ApaI AA and aa genotypes, BsmI B allele, and Fok1 FF genotype are associated with renal cell carcinoma risk.
Sisters of Faith, Stewards of History: Preserving Women Religious Archives
Authors: Fritz Angela
Published: June 2019

The archives of women religious provide opportunities for the exploration of untapped resources that challenge researchers to consider religious communities in broad social and cultural contexts and narratives. Today, the history of these female spiritual communities faces significant challenges as religious orders consolidate, orders converge, and their historical materials are vulnerable to loss. This article provides a conceptual overview of some of the special challenges that women religious orders face in maintaining their institutional archives and explores how community and national collaborations are leading to next-generation successes. Additionally, the article focuses on the historical role of “sister archivists” and the culture of record keeping and historical documentation within female religious communities, such as the Maryknoll Sisters and the Poor Handmaids of Jesus Christ.
Disrupting narrow conceptions of justice: Exploring and expanding ‘bullying’ and ‘upstanding’ in a university honors course
Authors: Farley Jennifer , Gallagher Jennifer , Richardson Bruna Katherine
Published: June 2019

The term ‘upstanding’ encompasses actions and behaviors grounded in one’s defense of their own beliefs and others. While such broad application of the term has merit, from a critical education perspective it lacks direction. To efficaciously address injustice, upstanding action must go beyond one’s beliefs. A directional application of upstanding behavior, or the notion of ‘upstanding for justice,’ frames upstanding as action to address chronic social victimization via systems of oppression. In this article, we describe the development of a new heuristic to support students’ understanding of upstanding and detail the university honors course in which we used the heuristic to explore the phenomena of ‘bullying’ and historical injustice to expand ideas of ‘upstanding’. Results indicate that students in the course broadened their conceptions of justice and the use of historical cases aided in their understanding of the interplay between individual agency and social structure in social justice efforts.
Lost in Translation: Video Games Becoming Cultural Heritage?
Authors: Eklund Lina , Sjöblom Björn , Prax Patrick
Published: June 2019

Recent attention to the question of preservation and exhibition of video games in cultural institutions such as museums indicates that this media form is moving from being seen as contentious consumer object to cultural heritage. This empirical study examines two recent museum exhibitions of digital games: GameOn 2.0 at the National Museum of Science and Technology in Stockholm (TM), and Women in Game Development at the Museum of Art and Digital Entertainment, Oakland (MADE). The aim is to explore how games are appropriated within such institutions, and thereby how they are configured as cultural heritage and exhibitable culture. The study uses actor-network theory in order to analyse heterogeneous actors working in conjunction in such processes, specifically focusing on translation of games and game culture as they are repositioned within museums.

The study explores how games are selectively recruited at both institutions and thereby translated in order to fit exhibition networks, in both cases leading to a glossing over of contentious issues in games and game culture. In turn, this has led to a more palatable but less nuanced transformation of video games into cultural heritage. While translating video games into cultural heritage, the process of making games exhibitable lost track of games as culture by focusing on physical artefacts and interactive, playable fun. It also lost track of them as situated in our culture by skimming over or ignoring the current contentious nature of digital games, and finally, it lost track of games as being produced and experienced in a particular context, or games of culture.
Intranasal dexmedetomidine for sedation in children; a review
Authors: Lewis J , Bailey CR
Published: June 2019

Dexmedetomidine is an α2 adrenoreceptor agonist that may be administered by the intranasal route as a sole sedative agent in children. It is odourless, colourless and tasteless and is formulated in a concentration of 100µg.ml−1. We performed a review of published randomised controlled trials in order to determine the efficacy of intranasal dexmedetomidine for sedation in children. Fourteen trials were eligible for inclusion in the review and contained a total of 1809 patients ranging in age from one month to 14 years. Intranasal dexmedetomidine was administered in a dose range of 1–4µg.kg−1 and was compared with various other sedatives. Dexmedetomidine was administered by either drops or a mucosal atomiser device. The procedures ranged from non-painful examinations such as magnetic resonance imaging scans and transthoracic echocardiography to painful procedures such as dentistry and venous cannulation. Administration of 2µg.kg−1 appears to be the optimal dose.
The gut in later life
Authors: Macnair Patricia
Published: June 2019

From cradle to grave, the gastrointestinal (GI) system is a common source of symptoms. So, what does it matter that someone is aged 88 years rather than 18 years? The answer is ‘a lot’. Differences range from changes in physiology to a growing impact of other illnesses on GI function. For example, deteriorating dentition and appetite can interfere with input at the top end of the tract, and a myriad of factors may disrupt transit, absorption and sphincter control at the other end. A multitude of challenges can face people in later life. This article offers 10 essential points about GI function in later life for GPs to consider.
Beyond Haraway? Addressing constructive criticisms to the ‘four epistemic gaps’ interpretation of positionality and situated knowledges
Authors: Simandan Dragos
Published: June 2019

The ‘four epistemic gaps’ interpretation of positionality and situated knowledges developed in the anchor article goes significantly beyond Donna Haraway’s original formulation of the thesis of situated knowledges. It does so by organizing the study of the processes that provincialize and politicize perception and cognition alongside a logical sequence of epistemic gaps that shape the quantity and content of information accessible to different subjectivities. In this contribution, I address four sets of productive tensions and constructive criticisms sparked by the anchor article and highlight how they can help fulfill the promise of a generative research program that engages multiple other voices.
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension following long‐term peripherally inserted central venous catheter use
Authors: Masding Abigail , Preston Stephen D. , Toshner Mark , Barnett Joseph , Harries Carl , Dimopoulos Konstantinos , Kempny Aleksander , McCabe Colm , Jenkins David P. , Wort S. John , Price Laura C.
Published: June 2019

A 36‐year‐old woman presented with recurrent pulmonary emboli (PE) despite oral anticoagulation. She was a type I diabetic with severe gastroparesis requiring insertion of multiple long‐term peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) over a 10‐year period. Imaging at presentation demonstrated a PICC‐associated mobile mass in the right atrium and signs of pulmonary hypertension (PH). She was thrombolyzed and fully anticoagulated, and diabetic management without PICC strongly recommended. PH persisted, however, and she developed chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), for which successful pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) surgery led to symptomatic and hemodynamic improvement. This was the first case of CTEPH reported related to long‐term PICC use outside the setting of malignant disease, and a novel observation that the PEA specimen contained multiple plastic fragments. Long‐term PICC placement increases the risk of CTEPH, a life‐threatening, albeit treatable, complication.
The impact of governance on the outcomes of contracting out
Authors: Torfing Jacob , Sørensen Eva , Brogaard Lena
Published: June 2019

Whether contracting out to private actors results in value for money depends on how public authorities govern, organize and manage service contracting. However, only a few studies have attempted to investigate how local governing practices can help to ensure that the contracting out of public services enhances economic efficiency and service quality. To further advance our knowledge on this topic, we present the results of a systematic review of 21 international studies, published between 2000 and 2018, on the impact of governance on the outcomes of contracting out. We combine insights from the reviewed studies to develop a theoretical framework of use to both practitioners and researchers that posits how eight impact factors mediate the influence of local governance on the outcomes of contracting out.
Strategic Value at the Front End of a Radical Innovation Program
Authors: Martinsuo Miia
Published: June 2019

Firms implement radical innovation programs to create strategic value. Ensuring the success of these programs may require involving the business network. This article pursues increased knowledge on strategic value in a radical innovation program and the means to promote readiness for value creation in the business network. A case study was implemented at the front end of a radical innovation program introducing intelligent technologies. The multilevel nature of strategic value is revealed, thereby offering a novel perspective on value-related research. Business, technical, solution, customer, and change readiness are introduced as requirements for implementing strategic value in the business network.
Time evolution of the electric field using the rapid expansion method with pseudospectral evaluation of spatial derivatives — Part 1
Authors: Stoffa Paul L. , Ziolkowski Anton
Published: June 2019

We have developed a method for modeling transient electromagnetic data acquired on land or at sea. The 3D 3C time response of the electric wavefield is simulated by considering the spatial and temporal responses separately and using numerical methods best suited for each. We have used the rapid expansion method to develop the 3C electric wavefield time response from the spatial responses found using a pseudospectral method. The results are free of numerical dispersion and accurate to the Nyquist frequency in time and space. The resulting diffusive field is a weighted sum of Chebyshev polynomials that exhibit a wave-like character and are very sensitive to small perturbations in the medium. The method is intrinsically parallel, which leads to computational efficiency. Numerical results are compared favorably with the analytic response and 1D methods even though the computations are innately 3D.
Two-grid full-waveform Rayleigh-wave inversion via a genetic algorithm — Part 2: Application to two actual data sets
Authors: Xing Zhen , Mazzotti Alfredo
Published: June 2019

We have applied our two-grid genetic-algorithm Rayleigh-wave full-waveform inversion (FWI) to two actual data sets acquired in Luni (Italy) and Grenoble (France), respectively. Because our technique used 2D elastic finite-difference modeling for solving the forward problem, the observed data were 3D to 2D corrected prior to the inversion. To limit the computing time, both inversions focused on predicting low-resolution, smooth models by using quite coarse inversion grids. The wavelets for FWI were estimated directly from the observed data by using the Wiener method. In the Luni case, due to the strong dispersion effects on the data, to strengthen the inversion, envelopes and waveforms were considered in the objective function and an offset-marching strategy was applied. Though no a priori information was exploited, the outcomes of the Luni and Grenoble data inversion were fair. The predicted Luni [Formula: see text] model indicates a strong velocity increase from approximately 3 to 6 m, and velocity inversions have been detected at approximately 2 and 9 m depths. Analyzing the dispersion spectra, it results that the predicted Luni data reasonably reproduced the waveforms related to the fundamental mode and, likely, a small part of those related to the first higher mode. Concerning the Grenoble example, the predicted [Formula: see text] model coincides reasonably well with the long-wavelength structures presented in the [Formula: see text] profiles obtained from nearby boreholes. The data reconstruction is generally satisfactory, and when mismatches occur between the predicted and observed traces, the phase differences are always within half-periods. The fair inversion outcomes suggest that the predicted Luni and Grenoble models would likely be adequate initial models for local FWI, which could further increase the resolution and the details of the estimated [Formula: see text] models.
Diagnostic Challenge in PLIN1-Associated Familial Partial Lipodystrophy
Authors: Jéru Isabelle , Vantyghem Marie-Christine , Bismuth Elise , Cervera Pascale , Barraud Sara ,   PLIN1-Study Group, Auclair Martine , Vatier Camille , Lascols Olivier , Savage David B , Vigouroux Corinne
Published: June 2019

Context

Heterozygous frameshift variants in PLIN1 encoding perilipin-1, a key protein for lipid droplet formation and triglyceride metabolism, have been implicated in familial partial lipodystrophy type 4 (FPLD4), a rare entity with only six families reported worldwide. The pathogenicity of other PLIN1 null variants identified in patients with diabetes and/or hyperinsulinemia was recently questioned because of the absence of lipodystrophy in these individuals and the elevated frequency of PLIN1 null variants in the general population.

Objectives

To reevaluate the pathogenicity of PLIN1 frameshift variants owing to new data obtained in the largest series of patients with FPLD4.

Methods

We performed histological and molecular studies for patients referred to our French National Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity for lipodystrophy and/or insulin resistance and carrying PLIN1 frameshift variants.

Results

We identified two heterozygous PLIN1 frameshift variants segregating with the phenotype in nine patients from four unrelated families. The FPLD4 stereotypical signs included postpubertal partial lipoatrophy of variable severity, muscular hypertrophy, acromegaloid features, polycystic ovary syndrome and/or hirsutism, metabolic complications (e.g., hypertriglyceridemia, liver steatosis, insulin resistance, diabetes), and disorganized subcutaneous fat lobules with fibrosis and macrophage infiltration.

Conclusions

These data suggest that some FPLD4-associated PLIN1 variants are deleterious. Thus, the evidence for the pathogenicity of each variant ought to be carefully considered before genetic counseling, especially given the importance of an early diagnosis for optimal disease management. Thus, we recommend detailed familial investigation, adipose tissue-focused examination, and follow-up of metabolic evolution.
Does Teacher Training Actually Work? Evidence from a Large-Scale Randomized Evaluation of a National Teacher Training Program
Authors: Loyalka Prashant , Popova Anna , Li Guirong , Shi Zhaolei
Published: June 2019

Despite massive investments in teacher professional development (PD) programs in developing countries, there is little evidence on their effectiveness. We present results of a large-scale, randomized evaluation of a national PD program in China in which teachers were randomized to receive PD; PD plus follow-up; PD plus evaluation of the command of PD content; or no PD. Precise estimates indicate PD and associated interventions failed to improve teacher and student outcomes after one year. A detailed analysis of the causal chain shows teachers find PD content to be overly theoretical, and PD delivery too rote and passive, to be useful. (JEL I21, I28, J24, J45, O15, P36)
Surto de toxoplasmose no município de Gouveia, Minas Gerais
Authors: Malta Juliane Maria Alves Siqueira , Cabral Cibelle Mendes , Nóbrega Aglaêr Alves da , Leite Priscila Leal e , De Souza Alves Rejane Maria , Almeida Sônia Mara Linhares de , Ferraz Marcela Lencine , Honorato José Vicente , Ribeiro Milton Cosme , Silva Letícia Mirando , Vasconcelos Santos Daniel Victor , Pinto Lorena Velozo , Costa Julia Gatti Ladeia , De Almeida Vitor Ricardo Wagner , Percio Jadher
Published: June 2019

Objetivo: investigar surto de toxoplasmose no município de Gouveia-MG, no período entre fevereiro e maio de 2015. Método: foram realizados estudos descritivo e caso-controle, com análise multivariada (regressão logística) e nível de significância de 5%. Definiu-se como caso o indivíduo com toxoplasmose aguda, confirmada laboratorialmente (IgM e/ou IgG reagentes e baixa avidez de IgG), e controle o indivíduo susceptível (IgM e IgG não reagentes). Resultado: o estudo contemplou 50 casos e 68 controles, sendo a maioria dos casos do sexo masculino (43 pacientes, 86%). Os casos tiveram 10 vezes mais chance de tomar água procedente do Manancial (IC95%: 2,8-37,4; p=0,01), 5,1 vezes mais chance de ingerir linguiça (IC95%: 1,2-20,4; p=0,02) e 4,5 vezes mais chance de ser do sexo masculino (IC95%: 1,2-16,7; p=0,02), quando comparados aos controles. Conclusão: foi confirmado um surto de toxoplasmose aguda, em Gouveia - MG, de transmissão hídrica e/ou alimentar. A maior ocorrência no sexo masculino pode estar relacionada a hábitos de risco, envolvidos na transmissão da doença. Foram propostas medidas que resultaram na diminuição e no controle dos casos da doença.
Applicability of the Dix-Hallpike test on benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: literature review
Authors: Silva Geraedson Aristides da , Gomes Jessiane Carneiro , Teixeira Geraldo Magella , Santos Clistenis Clênio Cavalcante dos , Santos Almira Alves dos
Published: June 2019

Objective; to analyze the applicability of the Dix-Hallpike maneuver on BPPV as a diagnostic method for the semicircular canals as well as its sensitivity. Methods: a literature review was performed using the following sourcing databases: LILACS, PubMed, SCIELO looking forpapers published in Portuguese, English and Spanish. The following searching strategy descriptors were used: vertigo, vestibular diseases and respiratory therapy techniques, being included publications between the years 2000 and 2017. Results: the results of the work were presented through a synoptic table and flowchart. Conclusion: There is still controversy regarding its sensitivity to the anterior and lateral canals, even if the maneuver, does not present sensitivity of 100%, its level of closeness provides security in the diagnosis of BPPV.
Outcome of complex non-unions of femoral fractures managed with Ilizarov method of distraction osteogenesis
Authors: Bakhsh Karim , Zimri Faridullah Khan , Rehman Atiq -Ur- , Mohammad Eid , Saaiq Muhammad
Published: June 2019

Objective: To evaluate the management outcome of complex non-union of femoral fractures with Ilizarov method in terms of bone union, functional results and any complications.

Methods: This case series study was carried out at the Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, National Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine (NIRM), Islamabad and Civil hospital, Quetta over a period of three and half years, January 1, 2015 to June 30,2018.

Results: There were 50 patients in the study. There were 48(96%) males and 2(4%) females. The ages ranged between 17-54 years with a mean of 33.58±8.9 years. As per ASAMI criteria, the bone results were excellent in 17(34%), good in 30(60%), fair in 1(2%) and poor in 2(4%) patients. The functional results were excellent in 15(30%), good in 24(48%), fair in 8(16%) and poor in 3(6%). The bone union rate was 98% whereas infection eradication rate was 94%. The most frequent complications were pin tract infection affecting 80% patients, knee stiffness 60% patients and K-wires loosening 20% patients.

Conclusion: The Ilizarov method provides an effective solution to address the complex non-union of femur fractures. It helps to ensure fracture healing, eradicates infection and provides good functional outcome. The attended complications are mild to moderate and manageable with conservative means.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.4.244

How to cite this:Bakhsh K, Zimri FK, Atiq-Ur-Rehman, Mohammad E, Saaiq M. Outcome of complex non-unions of femoral fractures managed with Ilizarov method of distraction osteogenesis. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(4):1055-1059. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.4.244

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Methylglyoxal: Antimicrobial activity against blood culture isolates of Salmonella Typhi and other Gram negative rods
Authors: Afzal Raja Kamran , Khalid Fizza , Hannan Abdul , Ahmed Syed Azhar
Published: June 2019

Objectives: To evaluate the activity of Methylglyoxal against the blood culture isolates of Salmonella Typhi and various Gram negative rods and to compare the activity of Methylglyoxal against S. Typhi and other Gram negative rods.

Methods: It was an experimental study conducted at the Department of Microbiology, University of Health Sciences (UHS), Lahore-Pakistan in collaboration with the Department of Microbiology, CMH Lahore, from July 2011 to June 2012. Recent blood culture isolates of S. Typhi and other Gram negative rods were collected from different hospitals of Lahore and kept stored at -80°C. As per the latest CLSI guidelines, morphological, biochemical and serological identification was carried out and antimicrobial susceptibility was tested. A multi-point inoculator was used to carry out agar dilution for determination of MICs of MGO. Results were determined after compilation of data using latest SPSS version.

Results: MIC90 of MGO against the clinical isolates of S. Typhi was 0.20 mg/mL (2.8 mM) and against Gram negative rods it was 0.21 mg/mL (3.0 mM). The p-value of MICs of MGO against the isolates of S. Typhi was 0.023 when compared with Gram negative rods (p<0.05; statistically significant).

Conclusion: MGO has a scientifically proven in vitro antimicrobial activity against blood culture isolates of S. Typhi and various Gram negative rods.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.4.807

How to cite this:Afzal RK, Khalid F, Hannan A, Ahmed SA. Methylglyoxal: Antimicrobial activity against blood culture isolates of Salmonella Typhi and other Gram negative rods. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(4):1110-1114. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.4.807

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Recent advances in the treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients: role of the direct oral anticoagulants and their unique challenges
Authors: Farge Dominique , Frere Corinne
Published: June 2019

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common complication in patients with cancer and is associated with poor prognosis. Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) are the standard of care for the treatment of cancer-associated thrombosis. Primary VTE prophylaxis with LMWH is recommended after cancer surgery and in hospitalized patients with reduced mobility. However, owing to wide variations in VTE and bleeding risk, based on disease stage, anti-cancer treatments, and individual patient characteristics, routine primary prophylaxis is not recommended in ambulatory cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Efforts are under way to validate risk assessment models that will help identify those patients in whom the benefits of primary prophylaxis will outweigh the risks. In recent months, long-awaited dedicated clinical trials assessing the direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patients with cancer have reported promising results. In comparison with the LMWHs, the DOACs were reported to be non-inferior to prevent VTE recurrence. However, there was an increased risk of bleeding, particularly in gastrointestinal cancers. Safe and optimal treatment with the DOACs in the patient with cancer will require vigilant patient selection based on patient characteristics, co-morbidities, and the potential for drug–drug interactions.
Redefining Consumer Utility in the Perspective of Islamic Economics Framework
Authors: Muttaqin Zein , Pusparini Martini Dwi
Published: June 2019

An interest of individual preferences which can be represented in numerical ways known as the utility. While others stated it as a matter of subjective feeling that being felt in order to pursue and to maximize the certain level of satisfaction and personal well-being. According to neoclassical theory, this happened due to the contraction consumer preferences between things/products/services that available in the market. Furthermore, the ultimate ends that have been proposed are that the industry/market is spiritually neutral. On the other hand, some of Muslim scholars argue that spiritual or religious values are what defines an individual as a human, while all conducted of consumption is abide by ethics and religious values, which will not forsake others for personal gains. The integration of religious aspect in pursuing of maximization of utility is known as maslahah (i.e. well-being). A further discussion that arises is in Islamic economics framework, does individual orients solely to maximize their utility, even in the sense of maslahah is considered. Neoclassical claims that to interpret the utility, there are two headings is considered, they are prediction approach and prescription approach. The debate on neoclassical and Islamic economics perspectives might contradict one to another, but none of it is at absolute truth, the theory itself is still developing due to different assumptions and circumstances that present at that time. Furthermore, the revisiting theory of maqasidh al-sharia (i.e. the objective of Islamic Laws) also provides a different point of view regarding the debatable utility between neoclassical and Islamic economics. In pursuance of better understanding of utility, this article aims to redefine the consumer utility in Islamic economics framework. It can be concluded that the definition of utility under Islamic perspective as the act to seek self-actualization of benefit which collide to the benefit of others in pursuing of enhancement of dual dimensions objectives of present and hereafter. A strong point that being found that in order to maximize the utility/maslahah must consider the possibility of misleading the genuine motive of utility, which is not adjusting it under social pressures. The misleading act of such is categorized as the act of falsification of preferences.
A QUESTÃO JUDAICA: A TRANSIÇÃO DO JOVEM MARX DA CRÍTICA FILOSÓFICA À CRÍTICA DA ECONOMIA POLÍTICA
Authors: Fresu Gianni
Published: June 2019

O escrito sobre a questão judaica é de fundamental importância para entender aformação intelectual do jovem Marx, no percurso que o levou da crítica filosófica à crítica da economia política. Nesse trabalho, ele levanta a necessidade de superar a formulação teológica da questão judaica para chegar ao coração da contradição que determina a alienação do homem na sociedade moderna. A capacidade de emancipação do judeu reside na relação do judaísmo com a emancipação do mundo de hoje, não com a simples emancipação do Estado da religião. Na Questão judaica, escrita no outono de 1843 e publicada nos “Anais franco-alemães” de fevereiro de 1844, Marx polemiza com Bauer, afirmando que a completa emancipação do homem não pode limitar-se apenas à emancipação política, mas precisaria atingir as relações sociais e produtivas. O mesmo acontece na Introdução à Crítica da filosofia do direito, também escrita para os Anais franco-alemãs no final de 1843 e publicado em fevereiro de 1844, ondeencontramos o definitivo abandono da simples crítica religioso-política e o encaminhar-se da crítica social marxiana. Na Questão judaica e na Introdução, Marx se emancipa completamente da influência de Bauer, portanto, na passagem de 1843 para o 1844, estas três etapas representam momentos essenciais na formação da visão filosófica do jovem Marx.
SOBRE A RECEPÇÃO DAS OBRAS DE MARX E ENGELS ATÉ 1989
Authors: Costa Neto Pedro Leão da
Published: June 2019

O objetivo do presente artigo e, por um lado, analisar a história da constituição docorpus das obras de Karl Marx e Friedrich Engels e das sucessivas tentativas de publicação das suas Obras Completas (MEGA, MEW, MEGA2), procurando identificar os vários obstáculos de natureza política e teórica que retardaram a sua realização. Por outro lado, procura-se, igualmente, evidenciar a relação deste processo com a história da difusão e recepção das obras de Marx e Engels.
Akran Görüşlerine Göre Mülteci Çocukların Sosyal Becerileri Üzerine Nicel Bir Araştırma
Authors: BİLECİK Sümeyra
Published: June 2019

Sosyal davranış, bireyin sosyalleşme süreci içerisinde çevresine karşı sergilediği olumlu tutum ve davranışlar biçiminde tanımlanmaktadır. Sosyal davranış, iletişimden bireyin kendi ilgi ve yeteneklerini tanıyarak bunlara uygun ortamlarda bulunmasına kadar pek çok beceriyi içeren bir olgudur. Sosyal davranışın ortaya çıkması ve çocukların sosyalleşme sürecini psikososyal açıdan sağlıklı geçirebilmesi için bir takım sosyal becerileri edinmesi gerekmektedir. Sosyal beceriler, çocuğun sosyal gelişim süreci içerisinde aile, okul ve akran çevresi, kültürel norm ve değerler gibi pek çok faktörden etkilenerek gelişmektedir. Özellikle çocukluk döneminde akran etkileşimi sosyal becerilerin geliştirilip kullanılmasında etkilidir. Bu araştırma ile kültürel ortam değişikliği yaşayan mülteci çocukların sosyal becerilerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu değerlendirmenin yapılması esnasında mülteci çocukların akranlarının görüşlerine başvurulmasının temel nedeni çocuklar için başat sosyalleşme ortamının okul olmasıdır. Buradan hareketle sosyal beceri listelerinde yer alan becerilerden oluşan 42 maddelik anket örneklem olarak seçilen okullarda uygulanarak veri toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda mülteci çocukların, sosyal becerilerin alt grupları olan başlangıç ve ileri sosyal beceriler konusunda akranları tarafından daha yeterli görülürken; duygularla baş etme, saldırganlığa alternatif beceriler, stresle başa çıkma ve planlama gibi daha üst düzey yeterlilik gerektiren ve daha kompleks beceriler konusunda daha yetersiz oldukları, bazı mülteci çocukların saldırgan ve agresif tutumlara sahip oldukları görülmüştür. Ayrıca Saadet Güney İmam Hatip Ortaokulunda öğrenim görmekte olan öğrencilerin akran görüşleri Aksaray Ortaokulundaki öğrencilere göre daha olumludur. İlgili literatürde mülteci çocukların sosyal beceri ya da davranışlarının değerlendirmesine yönelik çalışmalar bulunsa da bunları akran görüşleri bakımından ele alan herhangi bir araştırma bulunmamasından dolayı, çalışmanın alana bu açıdan katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN KORBAN GEMPA BUMI MELALUI PROGAM KREDIT MIKRO KOPERASI SYARI’AH GEMI DI DUSUN MIRI SEWON BANTUL
Authors: Hanifah Pinesti Beni
Published: June 2019

This article aims to examine the empowerment program for victims of the Yogyakarta earthquake in 2006. Empowerment programs are carried out through GEMI-based Islamic cooperative micro credit. This program aims to help restore and improve the economy of small women entrepreneurs who were stalled due to the earthquake that struck Yogyakarta. In addition, this article looks at the success of empowerment carried out by the GEMI Syariah Cooperative or Islamic Banking (Koperasi Syariah GEMI). The research used is field research. The approach used is qualitative. Through cross check with validity using the trianggulation method, it is expected that field research can provide a credible perspective on what is conveyed by the informants. That way, field results show that empowerment carried out by the Koperasi Syariah GEMI uses five steps, namely capital, business training, mentoring, marketing, and institutional strengthening. The success of the program is seen from 3 aspects, namely institutional, capital, and marketing. The existence of Koperasi Syariah GEMI in empowering women, can directly provide positive effectiveness for the development of small businesses initiated or continue their businesses. This program can gradually help, restore, and improve the economy of small women entrepreneurs who were stalled due to the earthquake that struck Yogyakarta.[Artikel ini hendak mengkaji tentang program pemberdayaan perembuan korban gempa bumi Yogyakarta tahun 2006. Program pemberdayaan yang dijalankan melalui kredit usaha mikro berbasis koperasi syariah GEMI. Pragram ini bertujuan untuk membantu memulihkan dan meningkatkan perekonomian pengusaha kecil perempuan yang sempat terhenti akibat gempa bumi yang melanda Yogyakarta. Selain itu, artikel ini melihat keberhasilan pemberdayaan yang dilakukan Koperasi Syariah GEMI. Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian lapangan. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kualitatif. Melalui cross check dengan validitas menggunakan metode trianggulasi, diharapkan penelitian lapangan dapat memberikan sebuah perspektif yang kredibel tentang apa yang disampaikan oleh para informan. Dengan begitu, hasil lapangan menunjukan bahwa pemberdayaan yang dilakukan Koperasi Syariah GEMI menggunakan lima langkah yaitu permodalan, pelatihan usaha, pendampingan, pemasaran, dan penguatan lembaga. Keberhasilan program dilihat dari 3 aspek, yaitu kelembagaan, permodalan, dan pemasaran. Adanya koperasi syariah GEMI dalam memberdayakan perempuan, secara langsung dapat memberikan efektif positif bagi pengembangan usaha kecil yang dirintis atau melanjutkan usaha mereka. Program ini secara berangsur dapat membantu, memulihkan, dan meningkatkan perekonomian pengusaha kecil perempuan yang sempat terhenti akibat gempa bumi yang melanda Yogyakarta.]
The Electromagnetic Field in the Vicinity of Radio-Navigation Systems
Authors: Jóźwik-Michałowska Natalia , Felski Andrzej
Published: June 2019

Today, electromagnetic waves are the basic medium for all communication tasks. This applies also to navigation, where the most commonly waves have lengths measured in centimetres (radar, GPS) and longer, such as the waves used in the AIS or DGPS technologies. Navigators are mostly interested in the communication functionality of the used systems, i.e. such factors as range of the system and signal-to-noise ratio. This leads directly to increasing the transmitters’ power. However, it is important to bear in mind that the electromagnetic field can endanger human health, therefore, establishing the level of radiation both on vessels and near the shore transmitters is crucial in this context. The experience of authors shows that the knowledge of the most of navigators hereupon is not large. From this result extremely irresponsible behaviors of one persons, as well as inexplicable phobias others.

This article presents the subject using the example of the electromagnetic field present near a lighthouse emitting AIS and DGPS signals. Relevant measurements were made at the Rozewie lighthouse by certified laboratory of Maritime Institute in Gdansk according the polish standards and internal, certified procedures. Results of the measurements were related to the national and European standards for electromagnetic field measurements in the context of occupational health and safety.
Detection of Small Bottom Objects From Multibeam Echosounder Data
Authors: Iwen Dominik , Wąż Mariusz
Published: June 2019

Multibeam Echo Sounder Systems (MBES) shallow water surveys provide capability not only acquiring bathymetric data useful for determining isobaths and mapping features on the seafloor which may be a hazard to navigation. They also allow detection of objects smaller or deeper than those required for the safety of seafaring and International Hydrography Organization (IHO) standards. In this article some of issues related to of efficient MBES shallow water surveys are stressed. Additionally a draft of post-processing techniques and result data format together with tools allowing extraction of bottom object from bathymetric data are presented.
The Use of Automatic Communication System on Example of a Conversation Between M/V Corcus J and M/V Baltic Ace
Authors: Wójcik Anna , Banaś Paweł
Published: June 2019

Article presents the applications designed to perform automatic communication as a support for navigators steering their ships. Authors took into consideration the conversation between navigators in the collision situation that occurred at North Sea basin. The performed incorrect communication has been presented and alternative to it has been proposed. The results of simulation made with use of the prototype of automatic communication and negotiation system has been shown.
Hybrid Optical Amplifier for Flat Gain in Super Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexed (SDWDM) System
Authors: Wason Amit , Malik Deepak
Published: June 2019

Large capacity optical networks require flattened gain spectrum and large gain bandwidth of the optical networks. In order to achieve this large number of hybrid optical amplifiers are designed. Here we proposed a competent flat gain hybrid optical amplifier with an optimum combination of Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) and Raman amplifier. Attempts are made to design a hybrid optical amplifier for 100 channels, 10 Gbps Super Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexed (SDWDM) systems at different channel spacing of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 nm. Work capacity of the network was compared on the basis of various parameters viz., gain and noise figure that determined the performance of the system. The gain spectrum of the hybrid optical amplifier depends upon the parameters viz., pump wavelength, pump power and laser input power of the amplifier. Various efforts were conceded out to optimize these parameters. It was found that for wavelength range 1,570.5–1,580.75 nm, a flat gain of 5.36 dB is achieved for input power of −15 dB with noise figure variation of 0.57 dB without using any gain flattering scheme. Being simple and cost effective, this hybrid optical amplifier could be recommended for gain flatness characteristics and acceptable noise figure for super dense wavelength division multiplexed system.
Dosimetric characteristics and applications of cross-linking and degradation of a natural biopolymer Gum Acacia
Authors: Gafar Sameh M. , Abdel-Kader Nehad M.
Published: June 2019

The current study covers the effect of gamma rays on a natural biopolymer Gum Arabic (GA). Gum acacia has a very wide range applications in various fields, that a comparison between two dosimetry systems; the first system depends on the radiolysis of GA (mixing poly-vinyl alcohol) as a thin-film dosimeter. The second system depends on the same material GA as solutions dosimeter, which is more sensitive to γ-radiation due to free mobility of free radicals released by the action of gamma rays. The prepared GA/film/solutions have a considerable peak at 289 nm, which increases (cross-linking of GA polymer) upon irradiation until 28 and 6 kGy for two systems, respectively in case of the first step. However, upon increased the absorbed doses and the intensity of the signal decrease with increasing radiation dose (degradation of GA polymer) up to 80 and 15 kGy for film and solutions. Radiation chemical yield G-(value); dose-response function; gamma radiation sensitivity; also pre- and post-irradiation stability under various conditions were illustrated.
Crocin (active constituent of saffron) improves CCl4-induced liver damage by modulating oxidative stress in rats
Authors: Cosgun Binnaz Elif , Erdemli Mehmet Erman , Gul Mehmet , Gul Semir , Bag Harika Gozukara , Erdemli Zeynep , Altinoz Eyup
Published: June 2019

Background

CCl4 is a widely used xenobiotic for the purpose of causing liver damage in experimental studies. In this study, we aimed to reveal the effects of crocin on liver injury caused by CCl4 via free radical scavenging properties.

Materials and methods

Animals were divided into five groups of 10: control; corn oil; crocin; CCl4; CCl4 + crocin. Tissue samples were carefully removed and separated for biochemical and histological investigations.

Results

CCl4 administration led to significant increases in MDA, SOD, CAT and TOS in liver tissue, and AST, ALT and ALP levels in plasma (p < 0.05). In addition, CCl4 caused significant decreases in GSH and TAS (p < 0.05). When animals were treated with crocin, high MDA, SOD, CAT, TOS levels, and AST and ALP activities decreased and GSH and TAS levels increased. Control group exhibited normal histological appearance; however extensive necrosis areas were detected in the CCl4 group. In the CCl4 + crocin group, pathological changes were markedly decreased and the appearance of liver tissue was almost similar to the control groups.

Conclusion

Our results showed that crocin suppresses oxidative stress with antioxidant properties and has a protective effect on tissue damage caused by CCl4.