bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An ideology of collective‐intensive mothering: The gendered organization of care in a babysitting cooperative
Authors: Price‐Glynn Kim
Published: February 2022

Babysitting cooperatives offer reciprocity‐based short‐term childcare for members. In practice, the babysitting cooperative (co‐op) under study has contradictory outcomes that both relieve and burden its participants. This study is based on ethnographic methods: 4 years of participant observation, 28 in‐depth interviews with 18 members and 10 spouses and an analysis of babysitting co‐op texts. This research extends the ideology of intensive mothering to include collective‐intensive mothering, a group form of intensified caregiving reproduced by the babysitting co‐op's gendered organization of care. To accomplish collective‐intensive mothering, babysitting co‐op members employ intensive mothering beliefs and practices in conjunction with other group members. What is more, co‐op members collectively intensify their mothering practices with other members' children in addition to their own. Given need for more (and better) caregiving alternatives, the lack of scholarly attention to unpaid cooperative caregiving groups, like babysitting co‐ops, is surprising. This research seeks to address this gap.
Akratic Action and John Calvin’s Understanding of Adam’s Prelapsarian Free Choice
Authors: Fong Edmund
Published: February 2022

I argue in this article that the concept of akratic action can be profitably employed to better secure the twin notions that John Calvin sought to establish with the doctrine of the Fall: the necessity and inevitability of the Fall (due to God’s predetermination) and the assumption of full moral responsibility on the part of Adam (due to his action being a free choice). Furthermore, this picture of prelapsarian free will and choice, where Adam is not granted the constancy to persevere in choosing rightly resulting in an inevitable akratic action setting in at some point in time, comports well with Calvin’s wider understanding of free will and choice in postlapsarian, redeemed and glorified humanity.
Commodity price volatility and stock market returns in an emerging economy
Authors: Ofori‐Boateng Kenneth , Agyapong Elvis Kwame , Ohemeng Williams , Annor Louis David Junior
Published: February 2022

The paper examined commodity price volatility and stock returns on the Ghana Stock Exchange (GSE). Utilising Threshold Generalised Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (TGARCH) estimation technique, the study also evaluated the likely leverage effect on the stock market and further interrogated if autocorrelation existed in the daily stock returns series, for how many days and on what day does it disappear by specifying an autoregressive model as a mean equation. The study concludes that changes in commodity prices and their volatilities on the international market exert a significant level of diverse impact on daily stock returns and return volatility on the GSE. For instance, whilst coffee price changes result in reduction in daily stock returns, changes in crude and gold prices result in an increment in returns on the GSE. The study also confirms the existence of autocorrelation in the daily stock returns for up to seven days, fading out on the eighth day as well as the existence of the leverage effect on the GSE. This result should influence investment decisions in respect to trading on the GSE. Observance of changes in price of these key commodities could enhance predictions and lead to the formulation of strategies to maximise revenues on the GSE
Resilience and intention of healthcare workers in China to receive a COVID‐19 vaccination: The mediating role of life satisfaction and stigma
Authors: Mo Phoenix K. H. , She Rui , Yu Yanqiu , Li Lijuan , Yang Qian , Lin Jianyan , Ye Xiaoli , Wu Suliu , Yang Zhenggui , Guan Suzhen , Zhang Jianxin , Hu Huahua , Xie Luyao , Lau Joseph T. F.
Published: February 2022

Aims

The present study investigated the association between resilience, stigma, life satisfaction and the intention to receive a COVID‐19 vaccination among Chinese HCWs. It also explored the mediating role of stigma and life satisfaction on the association between resilience and intention to receive a COVID‐19 vaccination.

Design

An anonymous cross‐sectional survey.

Methods

1733 HCWs from five hospitals in four provinces of mainland China completed a cross‐sectional online survey in October and November 2020.

Results

Among the HCWs, the rate of intention to receive a COVID‐19 vaccination was 73.1%. Results from structural equation modelling showed that resilience was associated both directly, and indirectly with greater intent to receive a COVID‐19 vaccination through two pathways: first by increasing life satisfaction, and second by reducing stigma and increasing life satisfaction.

Conclusion

Promoting the resilience of HCWs has the potential to increase the COVID‐19 vaccination uptake rate among HCWs in China.

Impact

This study tested the relationship between several psychological factors and the COVID‐19 vaccination intention of HCWs in China, finding that resilience played a significant role in improving COVID‐19 vaccination intention rates by reducing stigma and increasing life satisfaction.
Reproductive ecology and adaptive host choice correlated with body size in an autumn‐spawning bitterling Acheilognathus typus
Authors: Fujimoto Yasufumi , Chiba Hiroaki , Shindo Kentaro , Kitazima Junya , Iwata Munehico
Published: February 2022

The life history and reproductive ecology of an autumn‐spawning bitterling Acheilognathus typus were studied under natural and experimental conditions. In the study pond, the embryos of A. typus emerged from mussels in May and grew rapidly until August, whereas overwintered age‐1 fish grew slowly. Adult A. typus in the pond was smaller (32–47 mm in standard length) than they were in other habitats and mainly spawned in smaller mussels. The number of A. typus embryos in mussels was negatively correlated with the shell length of the mussel, and a lower number of embryos were observed in larger mussels (over 110 mm in shell length). In the mussel size‐choice experiment conducted in an enclosure, smaller A. typus selected smaller mussels, and larger A. typus selected larger mussels for spawning. In some cases, smaller A. typus spawned in larger mussels and the number of spawned eggs ejected increased by over four times compared with other cases. These results of the enclosure experiment explained the lower number of embryos in larger mussels in the study pond. In addition, reproductive traits such as ovipositor length and the number of ovulated eggs of female A. typus, which are considered to contribute to their size‐dependent host utilization, were positively correlated with their standard length. Because A. typus is geologically or seasonally isolated from other bitterling species, this size‐dependent host utilization contributes to a reduction in intraspecies rather than interspecies competition.
Nutritional status and associated factors among lactating women in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
Authors: Tariku Zerihun , Tefera Bereket , Samuel Serawit , Derese Tariku , Markos Melese , Dessu Samuel , Atlaw Daniel
Published: February 2022

Background

Lactating women's nutritional status is critical since it influences the health of their infants. However, there was a scarcity of data on maternal nutrition in low‐income countries such as Ethiopia, particularly in the study area.

Methods

Institutional‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted among 401 lactating women in Dire Dawa town health facilities from February 10, 2019 to March 30, 2019. The sum of the number of food categories consumed by each respondent over the 24‐h recall period is the women's diet diversity score. To identify factors linked to undernutrition, all variables with a p‐value of less than 0.25 were included into multivariate logistic regression.

Result

Prevalence of undernutrition was 22%. Women who age 15–25 years were four times more likely undernourished than older (adjusted odd ratio [AOR] = 4.04; confidence interval [CI]: [1.74, 9.40]). Unable to read and write women were almost five times more likely to be undernourished than formal education (AOR = 4.76; CI: [2.31, 9.81]). Women who have family size >7 were six times more likely to be undernourished than family size <3 (AOR = 5.53; CI: [1.15, 26.53]). Women not take additional food during lactating were 4.5 times more likely undernourished than take additional food (AOR = 4.56; CI [1.50, 13.9]). DD score <5 were four times more likely to be undernourished than (≥5) DD (AOR = 4; CI: [2.02, 7.90]).

Conclusion

Prevalence of undernutrition in the study area was high. Factors associated with undernutrion were: age of lactating women, education status, family size, additional food during lactation and DD score. Thus, multisectoral collaboration targeted at improving women's educational status and increasing food during lactation need to be emphasized.
Understanding compliance with safe work practices: The role of ‘can‐do’ and ‘reason‐to’ factors
Authors: Hu Xiaowen , Jimmieson Nerina L. , White Katherine M.
Published: February 2022

This study addresses the psychological mechanisms that lead to compliance with safe work practices among electrical workers. Compliance with safe work practices can be challenging as it involves substantive cognitive effort and often takes place in the presence of multiple competing demands and situational constraints. Guided by expectancy‐value theory, we advance theorizing on compliance by conceptualizing it as a task choice. Our key proposition is that compliance is motivated by the unique and interactive effects of "can‐do" (i.e., self‐efficacy) and "reason‐to" (i.e., perceived usefulness and perceived low cost) psychological states. Distal individual (i.e., safety knowledge and sensation seeking personality) and organizational (i.e., psychological safety climate) antecedents also were considered. Data from a sample of 386 Australian electrical workers in which the focal variables were assessed at Time 1 and compliance with safe work practices was assessed three months later at Time 2 confirmed the hypothesized relationships. A compensating interactive effect between self‐efficacy and perceived usefulness also was found. When self‐efficacy was high, perceived usefulness no longer had a significant positive relationship with compliance. Overall, this study demonstrates that expectancy‐value theory provides a meaningful explanation for the underlying psychological mechanisms that lead to safety compliance. Managers and safety practitioners should focus on cultivating self‐efficacy and utility perceptions when enforcing compliance with safe work practices.

Practitioner points

This research examined psychological states of a cognitive nature that encourage electricians’ compliance with safe work practices.

Self‐efficacy was found to have the strongest positive association with compliance, and to a lesser extent, perceived usefulness.

When feelings of confidence in being compliant were high, perceived usefulness no longer had a significant positive relationship with compliance, suggesting a compensating effect.
Digital intrusions or distraction at work and work‐Life conflict
Authors: Farivar Farveh , Esmaeelinezhad Osveh , Richardson Julia
Published: February 2022

Internet usage for non‐work activities during work hours is an increasingly common concern among management scholars and practitioners as well as for employees, particularly in relation to its impact on work‐life conflict and individual well‐being. Drawing on memory for goals theory, this study investigates the distinction between digital intrusions and digital interruptions during work and their concomitant impact on work‐life conflict. Using a set‐theoretic approach to analyse data gathered from information technology (IT) professionals in Germany and Australia, we explain how a 2 * 2 matrix comprising non‐work online messaging, or personal digital communication, during work and intrusion contributes to work‐life conflict. A key finding is that employees reported work‐life conflict only if they perceived private messaging as a source of intrusion rather than as a distraction. From a practical perspective, this finding suggests that employers may provide employees with micro‐breaks to attend to perceived intrusions and thus reduce sources of work‐life conflict. Contributions and suggestions for future studies are discussed.
Pediatric skin picking disorder: A review of management
Authors: Nemeh Michael N. , Hogeling Marcia
Published: February 2022

Skin picking disorder (SPD) commonly presents in childhood; often, families will first turn to dermatologists for evaluation. It is imperative that dermatologists accurately diagnose and treat the disorder as children are vulnerable to face significant negative psychosocial impacts. This article reviews the limited literature on the management of SPD in pediatric patients to better prepare dermatologists for educating families and recommending treatment options. We discuss studies evaluating behavioral and pharmacologic therapies, as well as emerging skin barrier treatments.
Narrow content and parameter proliferation
Authors: Simchen Ori
Published: February 2022

A centerpiece of Juhani Yli‐Vakkuri and John Hawthorne's Narrow Content (OUP 2018) is the parameter proliferation argument. The authors consider a series of cleverly constructed cases of pairs of corresponding thoughts of qualitatively identical twins and argue that divergence in truth value for such thoughts forces the internalist to admit novel alethic parameters for semantic evaluation that are not independently motivated. I argue that the internalist will resist this argument by denying that such pairs of thoughts diverge in truth value. I then argue that the construal of content presupposed by the argument should be rejected or amended by the internalist on independent grounds. I end in a more diagnostic vein by considering why parameter proliferation might have seemed pressing for internalism to begin with.
Advocacy coalitions and political control
Authors: Nowlin Matthew C. , Trochmann Maren , Rabovsky Thomas M.
Published: February 2022

The Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) posits that policy actors, including elected officials and bureaucrats, aggregate into coalitions based on shared beliefs and coordinate to achieve policy objectives. Yet, bureaucrats are often subject to political control mechanisms understood within a principal‐agent framework. Combining insights from principal‐agent theory and the ACF, we explore the nature of principal‐agent relationships within and across advocacy coalitions in the United States using case studies of nuclear waste management and fair housing policy. Specifically, we develop three propositions regarding principals and agents as members of advocacy coalitions and examine those propositions by comparing the two case studies. We find that powerful elected officials and expert bureaucrats are important resources for coalitions; bureaucrats are in coalitions but face cross‐pressure from principals in opposing coalitions; and control mechanisms embedded in policy designs by principals can limit bureaucratic discretion in a way that aligns with coalition goals.

Related Articles

Neill, Katharine A., and John C. Morris. 2012. “A Tangled Web of Principals and Agents: Examining the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill through a Principal–Agent Lens.” Politics & Policy 40(4): 629–56. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00371.x

Peterson, Holly L., Mark K. McBeth, and Michael D. Jones. 2020. “Policy Process Theory for Rural Studies: Navigating Context and Generalization in Rural Policy.” Politics & Policy 48(4): 576–617. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12366

Swigger, Alexandra, and Bruce Timothy Heinmiller. 2014. “Advocacy Coalitions and Mental Health Policy: The Adoption of Community Treatment Orders in Ontario.” Politics & Policy 42(2): 246–70. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12066
Texture and morphology of veins and their relationship to gold mineralization in the Penjom deposit, Malaysia
Authors: Endut Zakaria , Ng Tham Fatt , Abdul Aziz Jasmi Hafiz , Makoundi Charles , Dauad Haslikhalijah , Ariffin Kamar Shah
Published: February 2022

Penjom deposit is an orogenic gold deposit located in the Central Belt of Peninsular Malaysia. Gold mineralization is associated with various styles and textures of quartz‐carbonate veins hosted within the metasedimentary as the main host rock and felsic igneous rock including minor volcanic rock. Vein textural features and morphologies have been investigated based on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics to understand the process of veins formation, and the relationship with gold mineralization. At the hand specimen scale, veins show a variety of textures that are either primary or superimposed. Primary textures are comb, massive anhedral buck quartz veins, and laminae veins or vein septa representing early vein introduction without vein modification. Extension veins that are normally concordant to maximum compressive stress direction show either a common comb texture within these veins or buck texture inside thick veins. Secondary textures are ribbon, stylolites, breccias, and late spider veinlets that overprint early veins formed during repeated structural episodes. Later stage deformation events superimposed on the existing veins texture results in intensely deformed veins. The interrelationship of structure, vein‐type and texture, gold and sulfide mineralogy have been correlated to constrain the episodes of gold mineralization in the Penjom deposit. Characteristics of vein textures indicate physio‐environment under confining lithostatic pressure where fluids filled the space through crack and sealing mechanism. Vein systems and gold mineralization events that have been correlated with the D2D3 (fold‐fault) deformation events and inferred to be temporally related to the late‐stage regional orogenic event dated Late Triassic‐Early Jurassic that affected Peninsular Malaysia.
Human macrophage C‐type lectin forms a heteromeric receptor complex with Mincle but not Dectin‐2
Authors: Blankson Vera , Lobato‐Pascual Ana , Saether Per Christian , Fossum Sigbjørn , Dissen Erik , Daws Michael R.
Published: February 2022

MCL, Mincle and Dectin‐2 are C‐type lectin receptors expressed by subsets of myeloid cells, and their genes cluster together in the APLEC/Dectin‐2 gene complex. We have previously shown that MCL and Mincle form a heterodimer in the rat, and others have shown that MCL and Dectin‐2 form a heterodimer in the mouse. In the rat, Dectin‐2 is a pseudogene, but here, we examine the association of the three receptors in human. In co‐transfection experiments analyzed with flow cytometry and immunoprecipitation, we here show that human MCL and Mincle form a disulphide‐linked heterodimer that associates with the signalling adaptor molecule FcεRIγ, in accordance with our previous findings in the rat. In contrast to previous findings in the rat, data in this paper indicate a direct association of MCL with FcεRIγ, as previously shown for mouse MCL. We were unable to demonstrate the formation of a heterodimer between human MCL and Dectin‐2. Thus, despite similarities, there may be important differences in the conformation of these receptors between rat, mouse and human, and this may have functional consequences.
Symbolic play as a zone of proximal development: An analysis of informational exchange
Authors: Creaghe Noëlie , Kidd Evan
Published: February 2022

Symbolic play has long been considered a beneficial context for development. According to Cultural Learning theory, one reason for this is that symbolically‐infused dialogical interactions constitute a zone of proximal development. However, the dynamics of caregiver‐child interactions during symbolic play are still not fully understood. In the current study, we investigated informational exchange between fifty‐two 24‐month‐old infants and their primary caregivers during symbolic play and a comparable, non‐symbolic, functional play context. We coded over 11,000 utterances for whether participants had superior, equivalent, or inferior knowledge concerning the current conversational topic. Results showed that children were significantly more knowledgeable speakers and recipients in symbolic play, whereas the opposite was the case for caregivers, who were more knowledgeable in functional play. The results suggest that, despite its potential conceptual complexity, symbolic play may scaffold development because it facilitates infants’ communicative success by promoting them to ‘co‐constructors of meaning’.
RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF VOLCANIC CLAY AND IMPLICATION TO ITS LONG-TERM STRENGTH AND TIME DEPENDENT BEHAVIOR
Authors: Baskari Tonny Lesmana , Zakaria Zufialdi , Sulaksana Nana , Muljana Budi
Published: February 2022

As a natural phenomenon, land movement does not occur suddenly, but it is a long-term phenomenon in the form of un-recoverable low rates deformation caused by constant stress on a slope body and known as creep. Therefore, it is very important to understand the rheological characteristics of the soil under constant stress and implication to its long-term strength and time dependent behavior of a soil mass. The laboratory shear creep tests were carried out on 15 undisturbed volcanic clay samples taken from the southern slopes of Lembang Village, Cililin, West Java, Indonesia. The tests were carried out by applying a constant shear stress level of 50% - 95% from the peak shear strength. The results show that the level of constant shear stress will affect to the rheological characteristics of the soil samples. The higher level of shear stress, the shorter failure time. Based on the shear creep tests, the rheological model was established, the failure time of the soil samples were estimated and the long-term strength equation was obtained. The long-term shear strength of the volcanic clay is decrease 52.38% from the peak shear strength and achieved after 925 days (±31 months). The cohesion (c) and internal friction angle (f) decrease from 41.548 kPa and 17.051o become 21.188 kPa and 9.129o, respectively. The shear creep test also shows that the soil shear strength parameters (c and f) are a function of time.
A DISTRIBUTED MODEL OF HYDROLOGICAL AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN THE UPNM CATCHMENT
Authors: Suif Zuliziana , Ahmad Nordila , Othman Maidiana , Jelani Jestin , Yoshimura Chihiro
Published: February 2022

Sediment transport models in river basins have been developed over the years for various temporal and spatial scales. However, yet few models have been reported for small-scale catchment and still under investigation by many researchers. In this paper, a distributed model based on process was presented for evaluating transportation of sediment in a small catchment scale. The integration of distributed hydrological and sediment model was developed for simulate the soil erosion and sedimentation processes in the catchment area located at Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM). The finding prevailed that the simulation of suspended sediment load over a period of four years gave a good significant result with an average Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) and a Correlation Coefficient (r) were of 0.60 and 0.78, respectively. Moreover, sensitivity analysis revealed that the suspended sediment load in the UPNM catchment was influenced by soil detachability over land (Kf). Overall, the outputs from the present model can be taken as input to predict the soil erosion and sedimentation processes in a small-scale catchment, especially in Malaysia such as in the UPNM.
Espiritualidad de raíz latinoamericana y cultura del encuentro
Authors: Merino Beas Patricio
Published: February 2022

El presente trabajo pretende mostrar la relación entre la espiritualidad de raíz latinoamericana, que desarrollan los principales autores teológicos, con la categoría de cultura del encuentro propiciada por el papa Francisco. Específicamente quisiera desarrollar la hipótesis de que hay una coincidencia entre la categoría cultura del encuentro con las raíces teológicoespirituales más características y reconocidas de la teología latinoamericana. Esta ha conducido –con su énfasis en el misterio de la encarnación y el Reinado de Dios– a un proceso que la llevó a descubrir no solo la dignidad de los excluidos, la opción preferencial por los pobres como garantía de la apertura universal del ofrecimiento salvífico, sino también una comprensión de los otros que permite comprenderlos como prójimos. Tales características contribuyen al trabajo de los cristianos con otros ciudadanos en la construcción del bien común, la paz, la integración y la justicia, aspectos que constituyen algunos de los fines de la cultura del encuentro. Para ello, sistematizo los aportes de Gustavo Gutiérrez, Segundo Galilea, Jon Sobrino, Leonardo Boff, José María Vigíl e Ignacio Ellacuría tras acudir a sus textos más característicos, en los que explican el fundamento bíblico de sus análisis: lo bíblico. Estos autores desarrollaron una base teológica-espiritual que evidenció un binomio entre contemplación y compromiso, posibilitando el reconocimiento del Otro (movimiento de Dios en su Hijo encarnado y el envío del Espíritu) y de los otros (movimiento hacia los diversos rostros latinoamericanos) en su realidad cultural concreta. Este proceso sustentó su comprensión del otro/diverso como prójimo, y posibilitó que el otro/diverso no se transforme en adversario, ni en extraño, sino en interlocutor válido. De este modo, se desarrolló en la reflexión teológico-pastoral de América Latina un talante espiritual que permite a los discípulos no solo el diálogo, sino salir al encuentro del otro comprendido como prójimo.
XPS analysis of group IVA elements using monochromatic Ag Lα x rays
Authors: Gerrard Nikki L. , Coultas Sarah J. , Counsell Jonathan D. P.
Published: February 2022

XPS spectra of group IVA elements (Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb) were obtained using monochromatic Ag Lα excitation. Survey, high resolution photoelectron region, and x-ray induced Auger spectra were recorded from Ar+ ion cleaned materials.
Dietary Supplements for Athletic Performance in Women: Beta-Alanine, Caffeine, and Nitrate
Authors: Murphy Molly J. , Rushing Blake R. , Sumner Susan J. , Hackney Anthony C.
Published: February 2022

Beta-alanine, caffeine, and nitrate are dietary supplements generally recognized by the sport and exercise science community as evidence-based ergogenic performance aids. Evidence supporting the efficacy of these supplements, however, is greatly skewed due to research being conducted primarily in men. The physiological differences between men and women, most notably in sex hormones and menstrual cycle fluctuations, make generalizing male data to the female athlete inappropriate, and potentially harmful to women. This narrative review outlines the studies conducted in women regarding the efficacy of beta-alanine, caffeine, and nitrate supplementation for performance enhancement. Only nine studies on beta-alanine, 15 on caffeine, and 10 on nitrate in healthy women under the age of 40 years conducted in normoxia conditions were identified as relevant to this research question. Evidence suggests that beta-alanine may lower the rate of perceived exertion and extend training bouts in women, leading to greater functional adaptations. Studies of caffeine in women suggest the physiological responder status and caffeine habituation may contribute to caffeine’s efficacy, with a potential plateau in the dose–response relationship of performance enhancement. Nitrate appears to vary in influence based on activity type and primary muscle group examined. However, the results summarized in the limited literature for each of these three supplements provide no consensus on dosage, timing, or efficacy for women. Furthermore, the literature lacks considerations for hormonal status and its role in metabolism. This gap in sex-based knowledge necessitates further research on these ergogenic supplements in women with greater considerations for the effects of hormonal status.
Mix-and-Match or Mismatch? Exploring the Perspectives of Older Adults About Zumba Dance and Its Potential Utilization for Dual-Task Training
Authors: Parial Laurence Lloyd , Lam Simon Ching , Sumile Earl Francis , Leung Angela Yee Man
Published: February 2022

Despite the popularity of Zumba dancing, research is scarce about its impact on older adults. Meanwhile, the integration of cognitive tasks with physical exercises, also known as dual tasking, is an evolving strategy to facilitate activities for older adults. This study investigated the perceptions of persons aged ≥55 years on Zumba and its potential to be incorporated into a dual-task program. We conducted a descriptive–qualitative study involving 44 Filipino older adults. Using content analysis, four themes were identified: moving toward match or mismatch, balancing benefits with burdens, dual tasking as innovative yet potentially challenging, and overcoming barriers with enablers. Although Zumba was perceived as an inclusive and beneficial activity, individual and contextual limitations could hinder its suitability. Moreover, dual tasking in Zumba was considered an innovative approach, although challenges should be addressed to promote its feasibility. Several strategies could enable the design and implementation of age-appropriate Zumba and dual-tasking programs for older adults.
Social Justice Research in Physical Education Teacher Education: Contextualized in the United States
Authors: Delk Desmond W. , Vaughn Michelle , Hodge Samuel R.
Published: February 2022

Purpose: The primary purpose of this comprehensive literature review was to analyze the current body of social justice research in Physical Education Teacher Education conducted in the United States exclusively. As a secondary purpose, we defined social justice as articulated in the Physical Education Teacher Education literature and summarized discourse undergirding social justice principles. Method: The research design was documentary analysis with keyword searches used to identify articles from selected electronic databases over a 15-year period from 2005 through 2020. Thirteen articles met all inclusion criteria (i.e., empirical studies). These studies were retrieved, reviewed, coded, analyzed thematically, and summarized. Findings/Discussion: From this process, six major recurrent themes emerged: (a) social justice in Black context, (b) learning social justice, (c) diversified and racialized identities, (d) competencies and pedagogies, (e) viewpoints, and (f) criticality and pluralism.
Physical Education Teacher Experiences Through the Lens of a Pandemic: Putting a Spotlight on Teacher Beliefs, Practices, Emotional Fragility, and Well-Being
Authors: Simonton Kelly L. , Layne Todd E. , Brown Boone , Loupe Keith
Published: February 2022

Teaching physical education during the COVID-19 pandemic presented challenges, putting a spotlight on problematic school structures and teacher beliefs that influence teacher effectiveness and well-being. The purpose of this study was to capture physical education teachers’ (N = 10) experiences during the pandemic to understand perceptions of support, teaching beliefs, and emotions/reactions to the new environment. Short-term longitudinal qualitative analysis was used to collect pre/post semester interviews and critical incidence forms throughout the semester. Resulting themes included: (a) superficial versus tangible support, (b) planning for curricular changes, (c) student–teacher connections, and (d) emotional labor and uncertainty. Results provide insight about thriving versus surviving as learned from teaching during a pandemic. Teachers who displayed positive emotions, sought student connections, and exhibited stronger core beliefs, resilience, and flexibility within instructional decisions perceived more effectiveness and well-being. Findings support investigating holes in teacher belief systems and the interconnectedness between emotions and teacher effectiveness and well-being.
Supramodality of neural entrainment: Rhythmic visual stimulation causally enhances auditory working memory performance
Authors: Albouy Philippe , Martinez-Moreno Zaida E. , Hoyer Roxane S. , Zatorre Robert J. , Baillet Sylvain
Published: February 2022

The frontoparietal network is involved in multiple tasks, such as visual mental rotation, working memory, or arithmetic. Whether those different cognitive processes are supported by the same supramodal network or distinct, but overlapping, functional systems is unresolved. We investigate whether frontoparietal activity can be selectively entrained by rhythmic sensory stimulations (visual rotation) and whether this entrainment can causally modulate task performance in another modality (auditory working memory). We show that rhythmic visual presentations of rotating shapes, known to activate the dorsal pathway, increase frontoparietal connectivity at stimulation frequency as measured with MEG/EEG. We then show that frontoparietal theta oscillations predict auditory working memory performance. Last, we demonstrate that theta rhythmic visual stimulation applied during auditory memory causally enhances performance, and both the rotating properties of the stimulus and its flickering frequency drive the effect. This study provides causal evidence of the supramodal role of the frontoparietal network in human cognition.
Enhanced emission directivity from asymmetrically strained colloidal quantum dots
Authors: Song Yang , Liu Ruixiang , Wang Zhibo , Xu Huaiyu , Ma Yong , Fan Fengjia , Voznyy Oleksandr , Du Jiangfeng
Published: February 2022

Current state-of-the-art quantum dot light-emitting diodes have reached close to unity internal quantum efficiency. Further improvement in external quantum efficiency requires more efficient photon out-coupling. Improving the directivity of the photon emission is considered to be the most feasible approach. Here, we report improved emission directivity from colloidal quantum dot films. By growing an asymmetric compressive shell, we are able to lift their band-edge state degeneracy, which leads to an overwhelming population of exciton with in-plane dipole moment, as desired for high-efficiency photon out-coupling. The in-plane dipole proportion determined by back-focal plane imaging method is 88%, remarkably higher than 70% obtained from conventional hydrostatically strained colloidal quantum dots. Enhanced emission directivity obtained here opens a path to increasing the external quantum efficiencies notably.
Therapeutic efficacy of antimalarial drugs targeting DosRS signaling in
Mycobacterium abscessus
Authors: Belardinelli Juan Manuel , Verma Deepshikha , Li Wei , Avanzi Charlotte , Wiersma Crystal J. , Williams John T. , Johnson Benjamin K. , Zimmerman Matthew , Whittel Nicholas , Angala Bhanupriya , Wang Han , Jones Victoria , Dartois Véronique , de Moura Vinicius C. N. , Gonzalez-Juarrero Mercedes , Pearce Camron , Schenkel Alan R. , Malcolm Kenneth C. , Nick Jerry A. , Charman Susan A. , Wells Timothy N. C. , Podell Brendan K. , Vennerstrom Jonathan L. , Ordway Diane J. , Abramovitch Robert B. , Jackson Mary
Published: February 2022

A search for alternative
Mycobacterium abscessus
treatments led to our interest in the two-component regulator DosRS, which, in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
, is required for the bacterium to establish a state of nonreplicating, drug-tolerant persistence in response to a variety of host stresses. We show here that the genetic disruption of
dosRS
impairs the adaptation of
M. abscessus
to hypoxia, resulting in decreased bacterial survival after oxygen depletion, reduced tolerance to a number of antibiotics in vitro and in vivo, and the inhibition of biofilm formation. We determined that three antimalarial drugs or drug candidates, artemisinin, OZ277, and OZ439, can target DosS-mediated hypoxic signaling in
M. abscessus
and recapitulate the phenotypic effects of genetically disrupting
dosS
. OZ439 displayed bactericidal activity comparable to standard-of-care antibiotics in chronically infected mice, in addition to potentiating the activity of antibiotics used in combination. The identification of antimalarial drugs as potent inhibitors and adjunct inhibitors of
M. abscessus
in vivo offers repurposing opportunities that could have an immediate impact in the clinic.
Genome Sequence of
Synechococcus
sp. Strain LA31, Isolated from a Temperate Estuary
Authors: Kling Joshua D. , Webb Eric A. , Hutchins David A.
Published: February 2022

Cluster 5
Synechococcus
species are widely acknowledged for their broad distribution and biogeochemical importance. In particular, subcluster 5.2 strains inhabit freshwater, estuarine, and marine environments but are understudied, compared to other subclusters. Here, we present the genome for
Synechococcus
sp. strain LA31, a strain that was recently isolated from Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, USA.
Toxoplasma
TgAtg8-TgAtg3 Interaction Primarily Contributes to Apicoplast Inheritance and Parasite Growth in Tachyzoite
Authors: Cheng Linyan , Tian Yuan , Wang Yan , Wang Tingting , Yao Yinning , Yu Helin , Zheng Xiaozi , Wu Mimi , Zhao Wei , Hua Qianqian , Hu Xin , Tan Feng
Published: February 2022

Toxoplasma gondii
is a widespread intracellular parasite infecting a variety of warm-blooded animals, including humans. Current frontline treatment of toxoplasmosis suffers many drawbacks, including toxicity, drug resistance, and failure to eradicate tissue cysts, underscoring the need to identify novel drug targets for suppression or treatment of toxoplasmosis.
Gut Virome of the World’s Highest-Elevation Lizard Species (
Phrynocephalus erythrurus
and
Phrynocephalus theobaldi
) Reveals Versatile Commensal Viruses
Authors: Lu Juan , Yang Shixing , Wang Chunmei , Wang Hao , Gong Ga , Xi Yuan , Pan Jiamin , Wang Xiaochun , Zeng Jian , Zhang Ju , Li Peng , Shen Quan , Shan Tongling , Zhang Wen
Published: February 2022

The
Phrynocephalus
lizards inhabiting the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) are considered to be the highest-altitude lizard species in the world, and they have been added to the IUCN list of threatened species. Living in the QTP with hypoxic, arid, natural conditions, the lizards presented a unique pattern of gut virome, which could provide both positive and negative effects, such as the enrichment of functional genes and the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs).
The Lipoteichoic Acid-Related Proteins YqgS and LafA Contribute to the Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes to Nisin
Authors: Pang Xinxin , Wu Yansha , Liu Xiayu , Wu Yajing , Shu Qin , Niu Jianrui , Chen Qihe , Zhang Xinglin
Published: February 2022

Listeria monocytogenes
is an opportunistic Gram-positive pathogen responsible for listeriosis, and is widely present in a variety of foods including ready-to-eat foods, meat, and dairy products. Nisin is the only licensed lantibiotic by the FDA for use as a food-grade inhibitor in over 50 countries.
Convalescent Plasma for Preventing Critical Illness in COVID-19: a Phase 2 Trial and Immune Profile
Authors: Sturek Jeffrey M. , Thomas Tania A. , Gorham James D. , Sheppard Chelsea A. , Raymond Allison H. , Petros De Guex Kristen , Harrington William B. , Barros Andrew J. , Madden Gregory R. , Alkabab Yosra M. , Lu David Y. , Liu Qin , Poulter Melinda D. , Mathers Amy J. , Thakur Archana , Schalk Dana L. , Kubicka Ewa M. , Lum Lawrence G. , Heysell Scott K.
Published: February 2022

Transfusion of high-titer CIP to non-critically ill patients early after admission with COVID-19 respiratory disease was associated with significantly increased anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies (compared to baseline) and a non-significant reduction in ICU transfer and death (compared to controls). This prospective phase II trial provides a suggestion that the antiviral effects of CIP from early in the COVID-19 pandemic may delay progression to critical illness and death in specific patient populations.
Supplemental Material: Integrated stratigraphy of the Lutetian–Priabonian pelagic section at Bottaccione (Gubbio, central Italy): A proposal for defining and positioning the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Bartonian Stage (Paleogene System, Eocene Series)
Authors: Coccioni Rodolfo , al. et
Published: February 2022

Tables S1–S8.
Process evaluation of a multicentre randomised clinical trial of substituting surgical excisions of low-risk basal cell carcinomas from secondary to primary care
Authors: Noels Eline , Lugtenberg Marjolein , Wakkee Marlies , Ramdas Kirtie H R , Bindels Patrick J E , Nijsten Tamar , van den Bos Renate R
Published: February 2022

Objectives

In 2016, the SKINCATCH Trial, a clustered multi-centre randomised trial, was initiated to assess whether low-risk basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) can be treated by general practitioners (GPs) without loss of quality of care. The trial intervention consisted of a tailored 2-day educational course on skin cancer management. The aim of this process evaluation was to investigate GPs’ exposure to the intervention, implementation of the intervention and experiences with the intervention and trial.

Research design and methods

Data on exposure to the intervention, implementation and experiences were obtained at several points during the trial. Complementary quantitative components (ie, surveys, database analysis, medical record analysis) and qualitative components (ie, interviews and focus groups) were used. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics; qualitative data were summarised (barrier interviews) or audiorecorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed using Atlas.Ti (focus groups).

Results

Following a 100% intervention exposure, results concerning the implementation of the trial showed that aside from the low inclusion rate of patients with low-risk BCCs (n=54), even less excisions of low-risk BCCs were performed (n=40). Although the intervention was experienced as highly positive, several barriers were mentioned regarding the trial including administrative challenges, lack of time and high workload of GPs, low volume of BCC patients and patients declining to participate or requesting a referral to a dermatologist.

Conclusions

Although GPs’ participation in the highly valued training was optimal, several barriers may have contributed to the low inclusion and excision rate of low-risk BCCs. While some of the issues were trial-related, other barriers such as low patient-volume and patients requesting referrals are applicable outside the trial setting as well. This may question the feasibility of substitution of surgical excisions of low-risks BCCs from secondary to primary care in the current Dutch setting.

Trial registration number

Trial NL5631 (NTR5746).
Feasibility, psychological outcomes and practical use of a stress-preventive leadership intervention in the workplace hospital: the results of a mixed-method phase-II study
Authors: Stuber Felicitas , Seifried-Dübon Tanja , Tsarouha Elena , Rahmani Azad Zahra , Erschens Rebecca , Armbruster Ines , Schnalzer Susanne , Mulfinger Nadine , Müller Andreas , Angerer Peter , Helaß Madeleine , Maatouk Imad , Nikendei Christoph , Ruhle Sascha , Puschner Bernd , Gündel Harald , Rieger Monika A , Zipfel Stephan , Junne Florian
Published: February 2022

Objectives

Hospitals are psychologically demanding workplaces with a need for context-specific stress-preventive leadership interventions. A stress-preventive interprofessional leadership intervention for middle management has been developed. This phase-II study investigates its feasibility and outcomes, including work-related stress, well-being and transformational leadership.

Design

This is a mixed-methods study with three measure points (T0: baseline, T1: after the last training session, T2: 3-month follow-up). Additionally, focus groups were conducted to assess participants’ change in everyday work.

Setting

A tertiary hospital in Germany.

Participants

N=93 leaders of different professions.

Intervention

An interactive group setting intervention divided in five separate sessions ((1) self-care as a leader, (2) leadership attitudes and behaviour, (3) motives, needs and stressors of employees, (4) strengthen the resource ‘team’, (5) reflection and focus groups). The intervention was conducted between June 2018 and March 2020 in k=5 runs of the intervention.

Outcome measures

Feasibility and acceptance were measured with a self-developed intervention specific questionnaire. Psychological outcomes were assessed with the following scales: work-related strain with the Irritation Scale, well-being with the WHO-5 Well-being Index and transformational leadership with the Questionnaire of Integrative Leadership.

Results

After the intervention at T2, over 90% of participants reported that they would recommend the intervention to another coworker (92.1%, n=59) and all participants (n=64) were satisfied with the intervention and rated the intervention as practical relevant for their everyday work. Participants’ self-rated cognitive irritation was reduced, whereas their well-being and transformational leadership behaviour were improved over time. Focus group discussions revealed that participants implemented intervention contents successfully in their everyday work.

Conclusions

This intervention was feasible and showed first promising intraindividual changes in psychological outcomes. Participants confirmed its practical relevance. As a next step, the intervention will be evaluated as part of a multicentre—randomised controlled trial within the project SEEGEN (SEElische GEsundheit am Arbeitsplatz KrankeNhaus).
Effects of socioeconomic status on the control of hypertension in patients <65 and ≥65 years of age in Taiwan: a nationwide cross-sectional study
Authors: Lin Sheng-Feng , Kuo Tzu-Tung , Pan WH , Bai Chyi Huey
Published: February 2022

Objective

Implementation of National Health Insurance in 1995 improved the control of hypertension due to comprehensive coverage of medical costs for all residents in Taiwan. However, the role of individual socioeconomic status (iSES), namely, education and personal income, in awareness, treatmen, and control of blood pressure, has not been well studied in Taiwan.

Design

A nationwide cross-sectional survey was executed in this study.

Setting

A systematic, multistage sampling scheme from a nationwide cohort in Taiwan was adopted to select adult participants. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mm Hg or the use of antihypertensive medications.

Participants

A total of 4599 subjects completed door-to-door household interviews and physical examinations.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

A summing z score of iSES was constructed by two domains of the iSES, namely, income and education, through which participants were classified into three SES levels. Logistic regression models were used to assess associations of awareness, treatment, and control in younger (<65 years) and older (≥65 years) participants with hypertension.

Results

Younger people in the highest tertile of iSES were less likely to be aware of their hypertension (OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.64, p<0.0001) or to have it treated (OR: 0.49, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.64, p<0.0001) but more likely to have their hypertension controlled (OR: 1.52, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.94, p=0.0009). We did not detect an association in people aged >65 years.

Conclusion

Health education to improve awareness and treatment of hypertension should focus on younger people with higher iSES in Taiwan.