bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Model Parametrization-Based Genetic Algorithms Using Velocity Signal and Steady State of the Dynamic Response of a Motor
Authors: Cruz-Fernández Mayra , López-Maldonado J. T. , Rodriguez-Abreo Omar , Ortiz Verdín Alondra Anahí , Amezcua Tinajero J. Iván , Macías-Socarrás Idalberto , Rodríguez-Reséndiz Juvenal
Published: February 2025

The study of dynamic models and their parameterization remains a relevant topic in research. Motors and their models have been extensively analyzed, studied, and parameterized using various techniques due to their broad applicability in motorering and industrial settings. However, most methods for obtaining model parameters require at least two averaged signals from the motor, such as torque, current, speed, position, or acceleration. In this work, we propose the parameterization of a motor’s dynamic model using only the speed signal and the steady-state values of the variables. Through evolutionary computation, the mechanical and electrical equations of the motor are reconstructed based on this signal. This approach offers a significant advantage, as it enables parameter estimation without requiring the instrumentation needed for full current signal measurement or, alternatively, torque measurement. To achieve this, the transfer function representing the motor’s speed is utilized. The function reconstruction is performed with a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of less than 1% for both the speed and current signals. Since the original current signal is not required for this estimation, this work presents an innovative approach to estimating a system of dynamic equations using only a single measured variable and the dynamic relationships of its step-input response.
Digital Technology Knowledge Transfer Enablers Amongst End-Users in Architecture, Engineering, and Construction Organisations: New Zealand Insights
Authors: Rotimi Funmilayo Ebun , Silva Chathurani , Ramanayaka Chamil Erik Dilhan , Rotimi James Olabode Bamidele
Published: February 2025

The architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) sectors are constantly evolving, and the effective adoption and use of digital technologies are critical for improving project outcomes, enhancing productivity, and fostering innovation. This study aims to identify and analyse the key factors that enable effective knowledge transfer among digital technology end-users in the AEC industry. The study’s theoretical framework is a modified version of the technology acceptance model (TAM). It investigates six knowledge transfer enablers, including ease of use, perceived usefulness, training and support, self-efficacy, and mastery goal orientation. The study also examines the mediating roles of transfer motivation in the relationship between these enablers and knowledge transfer effectiveness. A quantitative research methodology was employed to conduct the research, using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) to analyse data collected from 85 construction practitioners through an online survey. The study reveals that there are significant positive relationships between the knowledge transfer enablers and the effectiveness of knowledge transfer, with transfer motivation playing a crucial mediating role. Self-efficacy is the single most important driver of digital technology (DT) knowledge transfer, while supervisory support has a marginal role. Mastery goal orientation increases an employee’s knowledge transfer motivations; therefore, challenging working environments have a positive influence on DT knowledge transfer. These results contribute to the theoretical understanding of knowledge transfer in the context of digital technology use in AEC organisations. The study provides practical insights for managers and policymakers on creating an environment that facilitates effective knowledge transfer, emphasising the need for supportive organisational cultures, adequate training, and the development of user-friendly and compatible technologies. It further highlights the importance of motivating end-users to participate in knowledge transfer processes and suggests strategies to enhance motivation, leading to the successful adoption and utilisation of digital technologies in the AEC industry.
Physical Appearance Design Evaluation of Community Emotional Healing Installations Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process–Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method
Authors: Gao Tanhao , Bernstein Phillip
Published: February 2025

An increasing number of residents are burdened with psychological pressure, and the majority of them refuse to seek professional mental help, falling to a “silent majority” of the untreated. This “silent majority” lives in every corner of cities, and public installations scattered in various spaces have the potential to become community emotional healing touchpoints. Therefore, it is urgent to establish a comprehensive evaluation system for emotional healing installations. This research establishes a physical appearance evaluation system for healing installations based on affinity analysis, thereby combining the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation (FCE) to construct data matrixes and quantitative analysis. The AHP results revealed some trends, including that placing environment is the most critical design indicator for healing installations, saturation is more closely associated with healing than color temperature, and small-scale installations have better healing efficacy. FCE ranked the combined weights of design indicators and revealed preference differences between Western and Eastern scholars regarding emotional healing. Eastern scholars show a clear preference for low-saturation colors and place significant emphasis on the multifunctionality of healing installations. Meanwhile, Western scholars have a stronger inclination toward healing shapes. Furthermore, this research conducts cross-category analysis and sensitive analysis to provide rigorous foundations for future healing research and offer guidance to future designers in healing installation design.
Optimization Strategy for Building Electrical Devices Considering Multi-Comfort and Economic Virtual Game Players
Authors: Bao Xiyong , Feng Zhen , Yan Qiao , Wang Ruiqi
Published: February 2025

Excessively pursuing the comfort of the indoor environment in buildings may increase the energy consumption of operating equipment. A non-cooperative game strategy to solve the above-mentioned problem is proposed in this paper, in which multi-comfort and economic objectives are treated as equal virtual gamers. Firstly, several kinds of electrical equipment in buildings are modeled. Secondly, a visual comfort index is established by measuring the approach, followed by the construction of multi-dimensional comfort expression, including thermal, water, and air quality in indoor environments. Then, based on game theory, the non-cooperative game model of a single entity is built by using economic and multi-comfort objectives as virtual players to avoid subjectivity in multi-objective optimization. To ensure the existence of a Nash equilibrium, the Nikaido–Isoda function is employed to reformulate the payoff function, with strategy spaces allocated based on power differences. Finally, the optimization strategy is solved by using a particle swarm optimization algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed solution increased comfort by 31.45% and reduced economic costs by 3.89% in comparison to the multi-objective optimization algorithm.
An Optimized Dual-View Snake Unet Model for Tunnel Lining Crack Detection
Authors: Li Baoxian , Xu Hao , Jin Xin , Zhang Huaizhi , Jin Shuo , Chen Qianyu , Wu Fengyuan
Published: February 2025

The prompt and accurate detection of tunnel lining cracks is essential for maintaining the safety and reliability of tunnels. Deep learning-based approaches have significantly advanced automated crack detection, delivering improved efficiency and precision in tunnel inspection. Nevertheless, the intricate characteristics of cracks, manifesting as fine, elongated, and irregular structures, pose substantial challenges for deep learning-based semantic segmentation networks, hindering their ability to achieve comprehensive and accurate identification. Aiming to tackle these challenges, this paper proposes a novel dual-view snake Unet (DSUnet) model, which integrates a hybrid snake cascading (HSC) module and a Haar wavelet downsampling (HWD) operation. The HSC module enhances the network’s capability of extracting tunnel lining cracks by synergistically combining features derived from standard convolutions and bidirectional dynamic snake convolutions, thereby capturing intricate geometric and contextual information. Meanwhile, the HWD operation facilitates the preservation of critical spatial information by performing multi-scale feature refinement, which effectively reduces segmentation uncertainty. Experimental results demonstrate the proposed DSUnet achieves a mean Dice coefficient (MDice) of 71.8% and a mean intersection over union (MIoU) of 77.4%. Compared to the baseline Unet model, DSUnet delivers improvements of 1.3% in MDice and 0.6% in MIoU, respectively. Additionally, the proposed model consistently outperforms several state-of-the-art semantic segmentation networks, highlighting its robustness and accuracy in detecting tunnel lining cracks. These findings position DSUnet as a promising tool for automated tunnel inspection, contributing to improved safety and operational reliability.
Defining the Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) Subcomplexes That Regulate FoxO Transcription Factor Localization
Authors: Luperchio Adeline M. , Salamango Daniel J.
Published: February 2025

The family of forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factors regulate cellular processes involved in glucose metabolism, stress resistance, DNA damage repair, and tumor suppression. FoxO transactivation activity is tightly regulated by a complex network of signaling pathways and post-translational modifications. While it has been well established that phosphorylation promotes FoxO cytoplasmic retention and inactivation, the mechanism underlying dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation is less clear. Here, we investigate the role of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in regulating this process. We demonstrate that PP2A and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) combine to regulate nuclear translocation of multiple FoxO family members following inhibition of metabolic signaling or induction of oxidative stress. Moreover, chemical inhibitor studies indicate that nuclear accumulation of FoxO proteins occurs through inhibition of nuclear export as opposed to promoting nuclear import as previously speculated. Functional, genetic, and biochemical studies combine to identify the PP2A complexes that regulate FoxO nuclear translocation, and the binding motif required. Mutating the FoxO-PP2A interface to enhance or diminish PP2A binding alters nuclear translocation kinetics accordingly. Together, these studies shed light on the molecular mechanisms regulating FoxO nuclear translocation and provide insights into how FoxO regulation is integrated with metabolic and stress-related stimuli.
Therapeutic Potential of Adipose-Derived Regenerative Cells for Ischemic Diseases
Authors: Che Yiyang , Shimizu Yuuki , Murohara Toyoaki
Published: February 2025

Adipose-derived regenerative cells (ADRCs) are one of the most promising cell sources that possess significant therapeutic effects. They have now become a main source of cell therapy for the treatment of ischemic diseases due to their easy accessibility, expansion, and differentiation. Additionally, ADRCs can release multiple paracrine factors and extracellular vesicles that contribute to tissue regeneration by promoting angiogenesis, regulating inflammation, alleviating apoptosis, and inhibiting fibrosis. However, ADRCs still have some limitations to realize their full therapeutic potential. To address these issues, protective mechanistic studies and bioengineering studies have been carried out. This review focused on the recently studied mechanisms, such as paracrine factors, cell fusion, and mitochondrial transfer, involving the therapeutic potential of ADRCs in ischemic diseases and discussed some modification techniques of ADRCs.
The Role of TIM-3 in Glioblastoma Progression
Authors: Ahmady Farah , Sharma Amit , Achuthan Adrian A. , Kannourakis George , Luwor Rodney B.
Published: February 2025

Several immunoregulatory or immune checkpoint receptors including T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3) have been implicated in glioblastoma progression. Rigorous investigation over the last decade has elucidated TIM-3 as a key player in inhibiting immune cell activation and several key associated molecules have been identified both upstream and downstream that mediate immune cell dysfunction mechanistically. However, despite several reviews being published on other immune checkpoint molecules such as PD-1 and CTLA-4 in the glioblastoma setting, no such extensive review exists that specifically focuses on the role of TIM-3 in glioblastoma progression and immunosuppression. Here, we critically summarize the current literature regarding TIM-3 expression as a prognostic marker for glioblastoma, its expression profile on immune cells in glioblastoma patients and the exploration of anti-TIM-3 agents in glioblastoma pre-clinical models for potential clinical application.
The Presence of Associated Injuries in Pediatric Radial Neck Fractures: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Meta-Analysis of Pooled Individual Patient Data
Authors: Langenberg Lisette C. , Benner Joyce L. , Bernal Bader Nazira , van Bergen Christiaan J. A. , Colaris Joost W.
Published: February 2025

Background: Pediatric radial neck fractures (pRNFs) can occur in isolation or in association with concomitant injuries. It is unknown whether the presence of associated injuries should influence the choice of treatment. The aim of this study is to assess the incidence of associated injuries in pRNF and their correlation with fracture angulation (Judet grade) or the patient’s age (under or over ten years of age). Methods: A systematic literature review was performed following PRISMA-IPD guidelines, including case series on pRNF with a minimum of five cases of children until 16 years of age. The quality assessment included a risk of bias analysis and evaluation using the MINORS criteria. Individual patient data on age, Judet classification and associated injuries were extracted from the included studies and pooled for the meta-analysis. The correlation between the presence of associated injury and the patient’s age or Judet classification was depicted in two forest plots. Results: A total of 20 articles published sufficient individual patient data (n = 371) on associated injuries. All but one were retrospective case series. Fifteen articles had MINORS scores of 8 or higher. The incidence of associated injuries was 33% (123 of 371 cases). Almost half of the associated injuries included an olecranon fracture (61/123). There was no correlation between Judet classification (p = 0.243) and incidence nor between patient age and the incidence of associated injuries (p = 0.694). Conclusions: Surgeons should be aware of potential associated injuries in over a third of pRNF cases, regardless of the patient’s age or fracture angulation. Deduction of the trauma mechanism may be a more useful tool for assessing the potential presence of associated injuries than the most frequently used fracture classification or the patient’s age. More research is needed regarding the requirements for enhanced diagnostic imaging, specific treatment or follow-up adaptations in children with pRNFs and associated injuries.
Drug Pipeline for MASLD: What Can Be Learned from the Successful Story of Resmetirom
Authors: Knezović Elizabeta , Hefer Marija , Blažanović Suzana , Petrović Ana , Tomičić Vice , Srb Nika , Kirner Damir , Smolić Robert , Smolić Martina
Published: February 2025

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and its progressive form, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), represent a growing global health problem linked to obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. MASLD often leads to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, therapeutic options are limited, emphasizing the need for novel, targeted pharmacological interventions. Resmetirom, a selective thyroid hormone receptor beta (THR-β) agonist, offers a promising approach by specifically enhancing hepatic metabolism while minimizing systemic effects. Clinical trials have demonstrated its capacity to reduce hepatic triglyceride accumulation and improve lipid profiles. Early- and advanced-phase studies, including the MAESTRO program, highlight significant reductions in hepatic fat content and favorable impacts on noninvasive biomarkers of fibrosis with minimal side effects. This review highlights evidence from pivotal studies, explores resmetirom’s mechanism of action, and compares its efficacy and safety with other emerging therapeutic agents. While resmetirom marks a breakthrough in non-cirrhotic MASH management, further long-term studies are essential to fully evaluate its clinical benefits and potential regulatory approval for broader use in MASLD and MASH.
Toward Timely and Equitable Advanced Biomarker Testing for Patients with Metastatic Cancer in Canada
Authors: Sheffield Brandon S. , Banerji Shantanu , Chankowsky Allen , Dudani Shaan , Gill Sharlene , Gorski Zuzanna , Kassam Shaqil , Macaulay Cassandra , Manna Mita , Perdrizet Kirstin , Ramjeesingh Ravi , D’Angelo Monika Slovinec , Servidio-Italiano Filomena
Published: February 2025

The explosion in biomarker testing over the past two decades continues to transform cancer care in Canada and around the world. Precision medicine is supported by identifying actionable mutations that direct therapeutic choices, thus improving survival and quality of life, especially for patients with advanced/metastatic disease. In addition, our growing understanding of the genetic basis of cancer is advanced by research employing ever-expanding databases of genetic mutations, therapies and outcomes. Despite this promising progress, however, access to biomarker testing remains inequitable across Canada, to the detriment of patients. Several underlying factors contribute to this situation, including the need for investment in and standardization of laboratory medicine infrastructure and processes, and the lack of suitable methods for cost/benefit evaluations to inform funding decisions. In 2024, a Canadian conference brought together patients, clinicians, researchers, policy-makers and scientists to address “Equitable Access to Advanced Biomarker Testing for Canadian Metastatic Cancer Patients”. Two major themes arose from the conference: the urgent need to adopt comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) as a standard of care across Canada, and the emerging role of liquid biopsy in accelerating access to biomarker testing for patients with advanced/metastatic cancer.
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Diagnosis, Prognostic Factors, Treatment Strategies, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Afzal Mohd , Agarwal Shagun , Elshaikh Rabab H. , Babker Asaad M. A. , Choudhary Ranjay Kumar , Prabhakar Pranav Kumar , Zahir Farhana , Sah Ashok Kumar
Published: February 2025

Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a significant public health issue, with diagnosis often complicated by non-specific symptoms and limited access to specialised tools. Early detection is vital for preventing long-term complications. The review examines diagnostic challenges, prognostic factors, management strategies, and future advancements in CO poisoning. It highlights the limitations of current diagnostic techniques such as blood carboxyhaemoglobin levels and pulse CO-oximetry, while exploring emerging methods for rapid detection. Prognosis is influenced by exposure severity and delayed treatment, which increases the risk of neurological damage. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) remains the primary treatment but is not always accessible. Advances in portable CO-oximeters and biomarkers offer potential for improved early diagnosis and monitoring. Addressing resource limitations and refining treatment protocols are crucial for better patient outcomes. Future research should focus on personalised management strategies and the integration of modern technologies to enhance care.
Carbon Emissions Trading Policy and Regional Energy Efficiency: A Quasi-Natural Experiment from China
Authors: Zhai Xiangnan , Yang Xue , Vukovic Darko B. , Dinets Daria A. , Liu Qiang
Published: February 2025

The carbon emission trading system (ETS), as a market-based environmental regulation tool, remains the subject of ongoing theoretical debates and empirical gaps regarding its impact on energy efficiency and the underlying mechanisms. This study focuses on China’s carbon emission trading pilot policies, utilizing panel data from 30 Chinese provinces between 2003 and 2023. The SBM-undesirable model is employed to assess energy efficiency, and the difference-in-differences (DID) model is applied to identify the causal effects of the policy. Additionally, a mechanism-testing model is utilized to explore how the carbon emission trading policy enhances energy efficiency. The findings indicate the following: (1) overall energy efficiency in China has remained relatively stable over the past two decades, but high-efficiency regions exhibit significant regional clustering effects; (2) the carbon emission trading pilot policy has significantly improved energy efficiency in the pilot regions, with a dynamic trend of “shock–enhancement–stability”, reaching its peak effect in the third year post-implementation; (3) the mechanism analysis reveals that the policy primarily enhances energy efficiency through three channels: promoting green technology innovation, advancing the use of clean energy, and strengthening government environmental regulation. This study not only provides empirical evidence to support the optimization of carbon market policies but also offers a practical framework for developing countries to design emission reduction mechanisms that align with their economic structures and policy environments.
Weizmannia coagulans BC99: A Novel Adjunct to Protein Supplementation for Enhancing Exercise Endurance and Reducing Fatigue
Authors: Guo Minghan , Zhao Lina , Cao Li , Li Xuan , Zhang Jie , Dong Yao , Wu Ying , Gu Shaobin
Published: February 2025

Adequate protein consumption is essential for optimal physical fitness and enhancing athletic performance. This study explored the impact of Weizmannia coagulans BC99 on protein-supplemented male fatigued mice, examining aspects such as protein digestion, exercise endurance, fatigue-related biochemistry, oxidative stress, and gut microbiota alterations. Results indicate that the synergistic effect of probiotics and protein significantly boosts the activity of protein-digesting enzymes, enhances protein absorption, and reduces serum levels of urea nitrogen, lactate, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, malondialdehyde, and the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 in skeletal muscle. Additionally, serum catalase, glutathione, superoxide dismutase levels, interleukin-4 in skeletal muscle, and glycogen stores in muscle and liver were notably increased. The study also found elevated mRNA expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, an increase in short-chain fatty acids was observed in the probiotic treatment group, and 16S rDNA sequencing revealed that Weizmannia coagulans BC99 enhanced gut microbiota diversity and augmented beneficial bacterial populations including Roseburia, Mucispirillum, Rikenella, and Kineothrix. Collectively, these findings suggest that combining BC99 with protein supplementation can effectively improve gut flora, thereby enhancing exercise capacity and exerting potent anti-fatigue effects. Our research provides a new possibility for alleviating exercise-induced fatigue.
Effectiveness of Cinnamon Oil Embedded Chitosan–Gelatin Film in Inhibiting Rhizopus oryzae, R. microsporus, and Syncephalastrum racemosum and Controlling Rice Weevil Infestation on Paddy Rice
Authors: Phan Lien Thi Kim , Huynh Vi Thi Mi , Bui Nhat Minh , Le Anh Thi Hong
Published: February 2025

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food globally, providing a critical food for the majority of the Asian population. However, it exposes risks during post-harvest storage, threatening substantial losses in rice quality and quantity. Hence, this study developed a cinnamon oil–chitosan:gelatin film (CO–C:G film) with the parameters as the chitosan:gelatin ratio (C:G = 1:1 and 1:2), cinnamon oil (CO) contents (0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 2.5, and 5.0%) and thickness film levels (0.165, 0.183, and 0.287 mm) to inhibit three fungal species, Rhizopus oryzae 01, R. microsporus 01, and Syncephalastrum racemosum 01, and control rice weevil infestation on paddy rice at a variety of water activities, such as 0.71 aw and 0.95 aw, at room temperature. The results revealed that at 0.95 aw, the fungal growth rate and rice weevil’s mortality were impacted significantly by all parameters of the CO–C:G film (p < 0.05). Especially, the CO–C:G film with 1.25% CO and C:G = 1:1 at a thickness film of 0.287 mm inhibited all observed fungi and rice weevils better than the CO–C:G film’s other parameters. The inhibition of the CO–C:G film for these fungi ranged from 66% to 72.6%. Likewise, 80–100% of rice weevils were mortal when paddy rice was treated with the CO–C:G film on the 12th or 15th day of treatment depending on the water activity of paddy rice grains. The findings of this study provide insights for researchers, agricultural experts, and the food industry, highlighting the need to establish effective and sustainable strategies for rice preservation.
Effect of Coffee Silverskin on Meat Quality of Growing Rabbits
Authors: Foti Francesco , Scerra Manuel , Caparra Pasquale , Bognanno Matteo , Cilione Caterina , Fortugno Paolo , De Caria Paolo , Chinè Valerio , Mangione Guido , Gagliano Salvatore , Chies Luigi
Published: February 2025

The aim of the present study was to assess the impacts of coffee silverskin (CSS) inclusion in rabbit diets in regard to meat quality. A total of 30 Hycole rabbits were divided into two groups of 15 animals per group and fed with a basal diet (C group) or with the same basal diet but with 10% of CSS (CSS10 group) as a partial cereal replacement. Integration of 10% CSS in the rabbit diet increased dry matter intake (DMI, p < 0.05) and tended to increase (p = 0.096) the final body weight. The CSS diet tended to reduce the concentration of C18:3 ω-3 (p = 0.089), C20:5 ω-3 (p = 0.064) and C22:5 ω-3 (p = 0.069) in muscle compared to the control diet, negatively affecting the ω-6/ω-3 ratio (p < 0.05), which was higher in the CSS10 group compared to the control group. Finally, the addition of CSS to the rabbit diet made the meat more resistant (p < 0.01) to lipid oxidation. Further research is needed to better understand the reasons for improved oxidative stability in meat following dietary CSS supplementation.
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GOLDGUT-HNU082 Alleviates CUMS-Induced Depressive-like Behaviors in Mice by Modulating the Gut Microbiota and Neurotransmitter Levels
Authors: Li Wanggao , Xu Meng , Liu Yaning , Zhang Silu , Wang Jun , Zhang Zhizhu , Xiao Guoxun , Wang Ruimin , Zhang Jiachao , Xue Hui
Published: February 2025

Emerging evidence links depressive disorders to the gut microbiota via the gut–brain axis. Probiotics, which are microorganisms that modulate the gut microbiota, have shown promising results in alleviating depression and are increasingly recognized as functional food components with potential health benefits. This study examines the effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GOLDGUT-HNU082 (Lp082), a probiotic strain with potential applications in functional foods, on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression in mice. Behavioral tests, measurements of the neurotransmitters and inflammatory cytokines in the serum and colon tissue, and the metagenomic sequencing of the gut microbiota were used to investigate potential mechanisms. The results demonstrated that Lp082 significantly alleviated depressive-like behaviors in CUMS mice, restored the balance of key neurotransmitters like serotonin (5-HT), reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, and enhanced brain neuroplasticity by promoting hippocampal neurogenesis. Additionally, Lp082 altered the composition of the gut microbiota in CUMS mice and promoted the growth of Bifidobacterium, improving metabolic pathways related to neurotransmitter synthesis. These findings indicate that Lp082, as a potential functional food ingredient, alleviates depressive-like behaviors in mice by reshaping the gut microbiota, offering new insights into the use of probiotics in functional foods for mental health management.
Porcine Bone Extracellular Matrix Hydrogel as a Promising Graft for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Hayam Rotem , Hamias Shani , Skitel Moshe Michal , Davidov Tzila , Yen Feng-Chun , Baruch Limor , Machluf Marcelle
Published: February 2025

Bone defects resulting from trauma, tumors, or congenital conditions pose significant challenges for natural healing and often require grafting solutions. While autografts remain the gold standard, their limitations, such as restricted availability and donor site complications, underscore the need for alternative approaches. The present research investigates the potential of porcine-derived bone extracellular matrix (pbECM) hydrogel as a highly promising bioactive scaffold for bone regeneration, comparing it to the human-derived bECM (hbECM). Porcine and human cancellous bones were decellularized and characterized in terms of their composition and structure. Further, the ECMs were processed into hydrogels, and their rheological properties and cytocompatibility were studied in vitro while their biocompatibility was studied in vivo using a mouse model. The potential of the pbECM hydrogel as a bone graft was evaluated in vivo using a rat femoral defect model. Our results demonstrated the excellent preservation of essential ECM components in both the pbECM and hbECM with more than 90% collagen out of all proteins. Rheological analyses revealed the superior mechanical properties of the pbECM hydrogel compared to the hbECM, with an approximately 10-fold higher storage modulus and a significantly later deformation point. These stronger gel properties of the pbECM were attributed to the higher content of structural proteins and residual minerals. Both the pbECM and hbECM effectively supported mesenchymal stem cell adhesion, viability, and proliferation, achieving a 20-fold increase in cell number within 10 days and highlighting their strong bioactive potential. In vivo, pbECM hydrogels elicited a minimal immunogenic response. Most importantly, when implanted in a rat femoral defect model, pbECM hydrogel had significantly enhanced bone regeneration through graft integration, stem cell recruitment, and differentiation. New bone formation was observed at an average of 50% of the defect volume, outperforming the commercial demineralized bone matrix (DBM), in which the new bone filled only 35% of the defect volume. These results position pbECM hydrogel as a highly effective and biocompatible scaffold for bone tissue engineering, offering a promising alternative to traditional grafting methods and paving the way for future clinical applications in bone repair.
Hydrogel-Based Scaffolds: Advancing Bone Regeneration Through Tissue Engineering
Authors: Cota Quintero Juan Luis , Ramos-Payán Rosalío , Romero-Quintana José Geovanni , Ayala-Ham Alfredo , Bermúdez Mercedes , Aguilar-Medina Elsa Maribel
Published: February 2025

Bone tissue engineering has emerged as a promising approach to addressing the limitations of traditional bone grafts for repairing bone defects. This regenerative medicine strategy leverages biomaterials, growth factors, and cells to create a favorable environment for bone regeneration, mimicking the body’s natural healing process. Among the various biomaterials explored, hydrogels (HGs), a class of three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks, have gained significant attention as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Thus, this review aimed to investigate the potential of natural and synthetic HGs, and the molecules used for its functionalization, for enhanced bone tissue engineering applications. HGs offer several advantages such as scaffolds, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, tunable mechanical properties, and the ability to encapsulate and deliver bioactive molecules. These properties make them ideal candidates for supporting cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation, ultimately guiding the formation of new bone tissue. The design and optimization of HG-based scaffolds involve adapting their composition, structure, and mechanical properties to meet the specific requirements of bone regeneration. Current research focuses on incorporating bioactive molecules, such as growth factors and cytokines, into HG scaffolds to further enhance their osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties. Additionally, strategies to improve the mechanical strength and degradation kinetics of HGs are being explored to ensure long-term stability and support for new bone formation. The development of advanced HG-based scaffolds holds great potential for revolutionizing bone tissue engineering and providing effective treatment options for patients with bone defects.
Phylogeny and Functional Differentiation of the Terpene Synthase Gene Family in Angiosperms with Emphasis on Rosa chinensis
Authors: Li Qi , Peng Yifang , Zhao Tao , Dong Qijing , Yang Qian , Liu Xiaoyu , Han Yu
Published: February 2025

Terpenes are pivotal for plant growth, development, and adaptation to environmental stresses. With the advent of extensive genomic data and sophisticated bioinformatics tools, new insights into the evolutionary dynamics and functional diversification of terpene synthases (TPSs) have emerged. Despite genome-wide identifications of the TPS family in certain species, comprehensive cross-species analyses remain scarce. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide identification and subgroup classification of TPS families across 115 angiosperms with available genomic sequences. Our phylogenomic synteny network analysis elucidated the complex evolutionary history of TPS genes, revealing notable expansions and contractions among subgroups. Specifically, TPS-a showed significant expansion, while TPS-b was variably lost in some Poaceae, indicating adaptive responses. TPS-c maintained considerable conservation across species, whereas TPS-e/f diverged into distinct evolutionary trajectories despite functional overlap, with TPS-e further splitting into two angiosperm-specific clades. The TPS-g subgroup displayed lineage-restricted distribution, primarily in super-rosids and monocots. Notably, TPS-d and TPS-h subgroups were absent in angiosperms. Employing Rosa chinensis as a case study, we identified RcTPS23, a conserved bifunctional terpene synthase, highlighting the utility of cross-species synteny data in functional prediction. This comprehensive analysis elucidates the phylogenetic and functional landscape of TPS subgroups in angiosperms, providing a robust framework for predicting TPS function and guiding further functional investigations.
Immunotherapy for Elderly Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Challenges and Perspectives
Authors: Baladi Anass , Tafenzi Hassan Abdelilah , Zouiten Othmane , Afani Leila , Essaadi Ismail , El Fadli Mohammed , Belbaraka Rhizlane
Published: February 2025

Lung cancer, a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, disproportionately affects the elderly, who face unique challenges due to comorbidities and reduced organ function. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) offer a more tolerable alternative to chemotherapy, but their efficacy and safety in elderly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients remain underexplored due to limited representation in clinical trials. A narrative literature review was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to evaluate studies on elderly NSCLC patients (≥65 years) treated with ICIs. Key outcomes assessed included overall survival, progression-free survival, response rates, treatment-related adverse events, and the influence of immunosenescence on treatment efficacy. The review highlighted evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of ICIs in elderly NSCLC patients, particularly those with good performance status. Age-related immunosenescence may affect outcomes, emphasizing the need for individualized treatment. Limited data suggest ICIs alone may be preferable to chemo-immunotherapy for patients over 75 years. However, the exclusion of elderly patients from clinical trials and methodological limitations reduces the generalizability of these findings. ICIs hold promise for advanced NSCLC in older adults, but tailored approaches and greater elderly inclusion in trials are needed to optimize outcomes.
Precise Synthesis of High-Strength Chiral Au Nanomaterials: From Chiral Au Nanoclusters to Chiral Au Nanoparticles
Authors: Luo Haijuan , Shi Chuanhua , Zhang Zhixun , Nong Yan , Dai Juefei , Feng Chengcheng , Li Wenjie , Yu Xianyong , Zhang Xueji , Yang Huayan
Published: February 2025

Chiral gold nanomaterials have promising applications in biomedicine, catalysis, optics and other fields. However, the complexity of their chiral sources has led to many challenges in terms of the functional design and controlled synthesis. In this paper, we systematically review the development history of chiral Au nanomaterials; deeply analyze the synthesis strategy, chiral construction mechanism, and performance optimization pathway; and discuss the formation mechanism in light of the progress of cutting-edge research to look into the future direction of development. The aim is to provide theoretical and methodological support for the controllable synthesis of chiral gold nanomaterials.
Association Between Lipoprotein(a) and Arterial Stiffness in Young Adults with Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: van den Bosch Sibbeliene E. , Boer Lotte M. de , Revers Alma , Schrauben Eric M. , Ooij Pim van , Nederveen Aart J. , Corpeleijn Willemijn E. , Kastelein John J.P. , Wiegman Albert , Hutten Barbara A.
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims: Elevated lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) are both inherited dyslipidemias that are independently associated with cardiovascular disease. Surrogate markers to assess signs of atherosclerosis, such as arterial stiffness, might be useful to evaluate the cardiovascular risk in young patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the contribution of Lp(a) to arterial stiffness, as measured by carotid pulse wave velocity (cPWV) in young adults with FH. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, 214 children with FH who participated in a randomized controlled trial between 1997 and 1999 on the efficacy and safety of pravastatin were eligible. After 20 years, these patients were invited for a hospital visit, including cPWV assessment (by 4D flow MRI) and Lp(a) measurement. Linear mixed-effects models were used to evaluate the association between Lp(a) and cPWV. Results: We included 143 patients (mean [standard deviation] age: 31.8 [3.2] years) from 108 families. Median (interquartile range) cPWV was 1.62 (1.31–2.06) m/s. Both the unadjusted (ß = −0.0014 m/s per 1 mg/dL increase in Lp(a), 95% CI: −0.0052 to 0.0023, p = 0.455) and adjusted model (ß = −0.0005 m/s per 1 mg/dL increase in Lp(a), 95% CI: −0.0042 to 0.0032, p = 0.785) showed no significant association between Lp(a) and cPWV. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that Lp(a) levels are not associated with carotid arterial stiffness in young adults with FH. Possibly, High Lp(a) might cause atherosclerosis by mechanisms beyond arterial stiffness in young adults. Other surrogate markers of early signs of atherosclerosis may be more suitable to evaluate the Lp(a)-mediated contribution to atherosclerosis in young FH patients.
Influence of Lactobionic Acid on Hydration and Elasticity Parameters in Women Aged 30–40 and 50–60 Years in Comparison to Mandelic Acid
Authors: Warowna Marlena , Strzelecka Agnieszka , Kręcisz Beata
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Mandelic acid as a chemical peel has been used in cosmetology for years and is being gradually exchanged for lactobionic acid. However, in the cosmetology literature, there is no information on the effectiveness of the aforementioned peels in terms of hydration and elasticity for women’s facial skin depending on their age. The effects of lactobionic and mandelic acid on the skin of women aged 30–40 and 50–60 years are assessed in terms of their moisturizing and elasticizing effects. Methods: The participants of this study were 180 women aged 30–40 and 50–60 years. The selection of the group was random. Contraindications to the examination were excluded in all participants. The level of hydration was assessed using Tewameter and the level of elasticity using a cutometric probe (Courage-Khazaka Multi Test Skin Center MC 1000, Kőln, Germany). The participants also used a moisturizer. Moreover, a series of five exfoliating treatments using 40% mandelic acid or 40% lactobionic acid were performed in 120 of the participants. After 14 days since the last treatment, the assessment of their facial skin’s hydration and elasticity was performed yet again. Results: In the case of women aged 30–40 years, the level of hydration and elasticity increased after using lactobionic and mandelic acid, as well as a moisturizer. In the group of older women aged 50–60 years, the level of elasticity increased after using both acids and moisturizer, but the hydration parameter increased only after the usage of lactobionic acid and moisturizer. Conclusions: In terms of age, lactobionic acid will be more suitable for people aged 50–60, while for women aged 30–40, lactobionic or mandelic acid can be used.
Luminescent P2O5-MoO3-Bi2O3-K2O Glasses and Glass-Ceramics on Their Basis: Insights from Experimental and Computational Studies
Authors: Hizhnyi Yurii , Borysiuk Viktor , Chornii Vitalii , Suchocki Andrzej , Terebilenko Kateryna , Zhydachevskyy Yaroslav , Nedilko Serhii
Published: February 2025

This paper presents the results of complementary experimental (electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance, photoluminescence (PL), and FTIR spectroscopy) and computational (molecular dynamics and DFT-based electronic structural) studies of oxide glasses of xP2O5-yMoO3-zBi2O3-(1-x-y-z)K2O systems and glass-ceramics based on these (crystal @glass), where the KBi(MoO4)2 complex oxide is the crystal component (KBi(MoO4)2 @glass). The behavior of the observed PL characteristics is analyzed in synergy with the results of the calculations of their atomic structures and changes in the oxygen environment of bismuth atoms during the transition crystal → interphase → glass. It is shown that the optical absorption and PL characteristics of such systems are largely determined by the content of Bi2O3 and MoO3 oxides in the initial charge and by the content of bismuth ions in different charge states that exist in the produced glass and glass-ceramics. It was found that the blue PL (spectral range 375–550 nm) of both the glasses and the glass-ceramics originated from radiative transitions 3P1 → 1S0 in Bi3+ bismuth ions. The yellow-red PL (range 550–850 nm) was mainly associated with the luminescence of bismuth ions in lower charge states, Bi2+, Bi+, and Bi0. The thickness of the interphase layers of glass-ceramics was estimated to be 1.5–2.0 nm. It was found that the changes in the spectra of optical absorption and the PL/PL excitation of the glass-ceramics occurred due to the decrease in the number of oxygen atoms in the nearest surrounding bismuth ions in the interphase region. These changes can be used for the spectral probing of the formation and presence of interphase layers.
The Integration of Social and Health Sectors in Scotland: An Analysis from the Prism of Different Public Policy Models
Authors: Correia de Matos Ricardo , Nascimento Generosa do , Campos Fernandes Adalberto , Matos Cristiano
Published: February 2025

The integration of health and social care has been a key focus in Scotland, driven by demographic changes, rising healthcare costs, and the need for more efficient service delivery. The Public Bodies (Joint Working) (Scotland) Act 2014 sought to formalise this integration by restructuring governance and service provision to improve coordination between health and social care sectors. Despite these efforts, challenges remain in fully achieving the intended outcomes of the integration. This study analysed Scotland’s integrated health and social care through the theoretical frameworks of public choice, institutionalism, and functionalism. The objective was to examine policy drivers, structural mechanisms, and governance implications, providing insights into the broader impact of integrated care reforms. A qualitative research approach was employed, synthesising data from peer-reviewed literature, government publications, and policy documents. The findings on integration were systematically examined through the lens of each public policy model, allowing for a nuanced analysis of how Scotland’s approach to integration aligns with and diverges from these frameworks. A literature search was performed on PUBMED, Google Scholar, and Scottish government portals. While integration improved coordination and service delivery in some areas, limitations in funding allocation, workforce distribution, and governance autonomy limited its overall success. Scotland’s integrated care model demonstrates potential benefits in reducing service fragmentation and improving patient-centred care; however, persistent challenges such as funding constraints, workforce shortages, and governance conflicts indicate that integration alone is not sufficient to resolve systemic healthcare inefficiencies. This study provides a perspective on Scotland’s health and social care integration, offering valuable lessons for other European countries facing similar demographic and healthcare challenges.
Influence of Grinding Parameters on the Removal Depth of 42CrMo Steel and Its Prediction in Robot Electro-Hydraulic-Actuated Abrasive Belt Grinding
Authors: Shi Dequan , Xu Youen , Wang Xuhui , Zhang Huajun
Published: February 2025

Robotic grinding serves as a pivotal embodiment and key technological support of Industry 4.0. Elucidating the influence of robotic grinding parameters on the material removal depth (MRD) of 42CrMo steel and optimizing these parameters are critical to enhancing grinding efficiency and quality. In this study, the influences of revolution speed, feed speed, grinding force, and grit designation on MRD and surface Vickers hardness of 42CrMo steel were investigated by using an adaptive electro-hydraulic-actuated triangular abrasive belt in robot grinding. A predictive model for MRD of 42CrMo steel has been established using the orthogonal central composite design method. The results indicated that as the revolution speed or grinding increases, both MRD and surface hardness increase. However, as the revolution speed surpasses 4000 RPM or the grinding force exceeds 60 N, the increase of MRD becomes slower due to the increase in surface hardness. Both the MRD and surface hardness decrease continuously as the feed speed increases, and once it exceeds 15 mm·s−1, the decrease of the MRD becomes slow. The rise in grit designation of the abrasive belt makes the MRD reduce gradually while the surface hardness rises slightly. The correlation coefficient of the predictive model is 0.9387, and the relative error between the predicted and experimental MRD is within 10%, indicating a relatively high accuracy. At the optimal grinding parameters (grinding force of 81 N, revolution speed of 4739 RPM, and feed speed of 7.6 mm·s−1), the maximum MRD of 42CrMo steel achieved by an abrasive belt of 60 grit designation is 0.934 mm. This work provides a basis for high-precision robot abrasive belt grinding of 42CrMo steel.